bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The molecular heterogeneity of the precancerous breast affects drug efficacy
Authors: Bhardwaj Anjana , Rojo Raniv Dawey , Ju Zhenlin , Koh Alexander , Tachibana Kazunoshin , Wang Jing , Bedrosian Isabelle
Published: July 2022

In the therapeutic domain, targeted therapies have been shown to be generally more effective when given to patients with tumors that harbor the targeted aberration. This principle has not been tested in cancer prevention despite evidence that molecular heterogeneity accompanies the multi-step progression to invasive disease. We hypothesized that efficacy of agents targeting the precancerous state varies based on timing of the treatment relative to the underlying molecular changes. MCF10A cell line-based model of the multi-step progression to TNBC was used. Global proteomic patterns were obtained and growth-inhibitory effects of selected agents were correlated with the underlying molecular stage of progression. These analyses revealed that most protein alterations were acquired in the normal-to-atypia (preneoplasia) transition, with only handful aberrations acquired hereafter. The efficacy of small molecule inhibitors of the AKT/MEK pathway was associated with the underlying pathway levels. Similarly, fluvastatin was more effective in inhibiting cell proliferation earlier in the progression model. However, the nonspecific inhibitors, aspirin and metformin, were equally ineffective in inhibiting proliferation across the progression model. Our data provides proof-of-principle that in the prevention domain, treatment with agents developed to target specific pathways, will need to consider the molecular heterogeneity of the precancerous breast in order to achieve maximum efficacy.
Non-random genetic alterations in the cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. exposed to space conditions
Authors: Liu Yuguang , Jeraldo Patricio , Herbert William , McDonough Samantha , Eckloff Bruce , de Vera Jean-Pierre , Cockell Charles , Leya Thomas , Baqué Mickael , Jen Jin , Schulze-Makuch Dirk , Walther-Antonio Marina
Published: July 2022

Understanding the impact of long-term exposure of microorganisms to space is critical in understanding how these exposures impact the evolution and adaptation of microbial life under space conditions. In this work we subjected Nostoc sp. CCCryo 231-06, a cyanobacterium capable of living under many different ecological conditions, and also surviving in extreme ones, to a 23-month stay at the International Space Station (the Biology and Mars Experiment, BIOMEX, on the EXPOSE-R2 platform) and returned it to Earth for single-cell genome analysis. We used microfluidic technology and single cell sequencing to identify the changes that occurred in the whole genome of single Nostoc cells. The variant profile showed that biofilm and photosystem associated loci were the most altered, with an increased variant rate of synonymous base pair substitutions. The cause(s) of these non-random alterations and their implications to the evolutionary potential of single bacterial cells under long-term cosmic exposure warrants further investigation.
Wheat transcriptomic responses to extended feeding by wheat curl mites
Authors: Pingault Lise , Luong Tran Kim Ngan , Louis Joe , Hein Gary
Published: July 2022

The economic importance of wheat and its contribution to human and livestock diets has been already demonstrated. However, wheat production is impacted by pests that induce yield reductions. Among these pests, wheat curl mite (WCM, Aceria tosichella Keifer) impacts wheat all around the world. WCM are tiny pests that feed within the whorl of developing leaves, and their feeding causes leaf curling by preventing them from unfurling. The curling of the leaves provides a protective niche for the WCM. Additionally, WCM are also the vector of serious viruses in wheat. Little is known regarding the impact of the WCM on wheat transcriptome, and to date, only one article has been published describing the wheat transcriptomic changes after 1 day of WCM feeding. To better understand the wheat transcriptome variation after extended feeding by WCM [10 days post infestation (dpi)], we used an RNA-seq approach. We collected WCM-infested and uninfested leaves from two wheat cultivars: Byrd (WCM resistant) and Settler CL (WCM susceptible) at 10 dpi. Our transcriptomic analysis revealed the common and specific transcriptomic variations in WCM resistant and susceptible wheat cultivars, chromosome 3D specific location of the differentially expressed genes with functions involved in defense and stress response, and also identified the gene functions related to lipid signaling and membrane integrity, and phytohormone pathways potentially contributing to WCM resistance. Collectively, our study provides important insights on wheat defense mechanisms against WCM after extended feeding.
Optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis by alcalase and flavourzyme to enhance the antioxidant properties of jasmine rice bran protein hydrolysate
Authors: Hunsakul Kanrawee , Laokuldilok Thunnop , Sakdatorn Vinyoo , Klangpetch Wannaporn , Brennan Charles S. , Utama-ang Niramon
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to optimize the hydrolysis conditions for producing jasmine rice bran protein hydrolysate (JBH) using response surface methodology (RSM). The independent variables were the ratio of flavourzyme to alcalase (Fl:Al; 0: 100 to 15: 85; 2.84% enzyme concentration) and hydrolysis time (60–540 min). The optimum hydrolysate was obtained at an Fl:Al ratio of 9.81: 90.19 for 60 min, since it enabled high amounts of protein, high antioxidant activity and more low molecular weight proteins. The experimental values obtained were a degree of hydrolysis (DH) of 7.18%, a protein content of 41.73%, an IC50 for DPPH of 6.59 mg/mL, an IC50 for ABTS of 0.99 mg/mL, FRAP of 724.81 mmol FeSO4/100 g, and 322.35 and 479.05 mAU*s for peptides with a molecular weight of < 3 and 3–5 kDa, respectively. Using a mixture of enzymes revealed the potential of mixed enzymes to produce JBH containing more small peptides and high antioxidant activity.
Paper-based broadband flexible photodetectors with van der Waals materials
Authors: Mahmoodi Erfan , Amiri Morteza Hassanpour , Salimi Abdollah , Frisenda Riccardo , Flores Eduardo , Ares José R. , Ferrer Isabel J. , Castellanos-Gomez Andres , Ghasemi Foad
Published: July 2022

Layered metal chalcogenide materials are exceptionally appealing in optoelectronic devices thanks to their extraordinary optical properties. Recently, their application as flexible and wearable photodetectors have received a lot of attention. Herein, broadband and high-performance paper-based PDs were established in a very facile and inexpensive method by rubbing molybdenum disulfide and titanium trisulfide crystals on papers. Transferred layers were characterized by SEM, EDX mapping, and Raman analyses, and their optoelectronic properties were evaluated in a wavelength range of 405–810 nm. Although the highest and lowest photoresponsivities were respectively measured for TiS3 (1.50 mA/W) and MoS2 (1.13 μA/W) PDs, the TiS3–MoS2 heterostructure not only had a significant photoresponsivity but also showed the highest on/off ratio (1.82) and fast response time (0.96 s) compared with two other PDs. This advantage is due to the band offset formation at the heterojunction, which efficiently separates the photogenerated electron–hole pairs within the heterostructure. Numerical simulation of the introduced PDs also confirmed the superiority of TiS3–MoS2 heterostructure over the other two PDs and exhibited a good agreement with the experimental results. Finally, MoS2 PD demonstrated very high flexibility under applied strain, but TiS3 based PDs suffered from its fragility and experience a remarkable drain current reduction at strain larger than ± 0.33%. However, at lower strains, all PDs displayed acceptable performances.
Canopy-cooling systems applied on avocado trees to mitigate heatwaves damages
Authors: Lazare Silit , Vitoshkin Helena , Alchanatis Victor , Reshef Guy , Ziv Dafna , Simenski Eli , Dag Arnon
Published: July 2022

With climate change, spring heatwaves have become frequent in the Mediterranean region. High temperatures combined with wind and low humidity are problematic for subtropical crops adapted to high humidity and mild climate. Avocado is a valuable crop—nutritionally and economically—and many new orchards are planted in Mediterranean areas. Spring heatwaves increase avocado fruitlets dropping, severely decreasing yields. Addressing and solving the problem are necessary to maintain the crop's profitability. This study presents a sprinkler-based canopy cooling method that uses the existing pressurized irrigation system. The study aimed to test the system's performance during spring heatwaves, after the flowering season, in avocado orchards cultivated in a semi-arid region. The experiments examined the effect of various sprinkler types with varying flow rates and installation methods: sprayers, sprinklers and pulsing sprinklers, on foliage temperature, stem water potential, salt accumulation in the leaf, fruitlet survival and yield. The system reduced leaf temperatures by approximately 10 °C, significantly decreasing the trees' drought stress and increasing yields by 8–12%. Using low-quality water is possible, but requires adjustments to avoid salt damage to the leaves. The system can mitigate heat stress, and provides a relatively simple solution for handling spring heatwaves. The evaporative cooling system is modeled for semi-desert and desert conditions; the dry, windy climate contributes to the method's effectiveness.
Microwave resonant absorption of SARS-CoV-2 viruses
Authors: Wang Peng-Jui , Pang Yu-Hao , Huang Sheng-Yu , Fang Jun-Tung , Chang Sui-Yuan , Shih Shin-Ru , Huang Tian-Wei , Chen Yi-Jan , Sun Chi-Kuang
Published: July 2022

Low power microwave can effectively deactivate influenza type A virus through the nonthermal structure-resonant energy transfer effect, at a frequency matching the confined-acoustic dipolar mode frequency of the virus. Currently, aerosol is considered the major route for SARS-CoV-2 transmission. For the potential microwave-based sterilization, the microwave-resonant frequency of SARS-CoV-2 must be unraveled. Here we report a microwave absorption spectroscopy study of the SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-229E viruses through devising a coplanar-waveguide-based sensor. Noticeable microwave absorption can be observed, while we identified the resonant frequencies of the 1st and 2nd dipolar modes of SARS-CoV-2 virus as 4 and 7.5 GHz respectively. We further found that the resonant frequencies are invariant to the virus titer, and we also studied the microwave absorption of HCoV-229E in weak acidity medium to simulate the common pH value in fluid secretion. Our results suggest the possible radiation frequency for the recently proposed microwave sterilization devices to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 virus through a nonthermal mechanism so as to control the disease transmission in the post-pandemic era.
Spaceborne NO2 observations are sensitive to coal mining and processing in the largest coal basin of Russia
Authors: Labzovskii Lev D. , Belikov Dmitry A. , Damiani Alessandro
Published: July 2022

Coal use exacerbates several major environmental problems including build-up of greenhouse gases and air quality deterioration. Although Kuzbass (Siberia) is one of the largest exploited coal basins worldwide, the role of regional coal mining and processing in atmospheric pollution is unknown. We outlined the Kuzbass coal basin by spaceborne night-lights and revealed a regional, long-term tropospheric NO2 anomaly (2005–2018) by spaceborne NO2 column observations (hereafter ‒ NO2). The spatial agreement between NO2 and night-lights indicates that the anomaly is attributable to an agglomeration of coal quarries and the cities in Kuzbass, that are heavily reliant on coal. A positive relationship between NO2 and interannual coal production suggested that the anomaly was related to coal in Kuzbass; ~ 1.0% of annual coal production increase induced ~ 0.5–0.6% of NO2 enhancement. As coal production accelerated since 2010, NO2 exhibited strikingly similar annual increases over Kuzbass in 2010–2014 (7%) and 2015–2019 (15%), compared to 2005–2009. Conversely, Siberian cities lacking a coal industry followed the global trend of reducing NO2 for the same periods (−5% and −14%, respectively), driven by fuel combustion improvements. Overall, we demonstrated that coal mining, processing and utilization can induce distinct tropospheric NO2 anomalies, detectable from space.
Discrimination of Curculigo orchioides Rhizoma and Curculigo glabrescens Rhizoma using stable isotope and mineral element analyses coupled with chemometrics
Authors: Liu Yushi , Guo Yiping , Gong Sheng , Yuan Minghao , Liu Juanru , Li Xiaohong , Wu Zhong , Guo Li
Published: July 2022

Correct species identification is crucial for ensuring the quality, safety, and efficacy of herbal medicine. Market research indicates that Curculigo glabrescens Rhizoma (CGR) was the major counterfeit of the medicine Curculigo orchioides Rhizoma (COR). To accurately discriminate COR and CGR remains a challenge, and it becomes even more difficult when the herbs have been heavily processed into a powder. In this work, combined with high performance liquid chromatography analysis, a novel component in CGR was discovered, and two stable isotopes (N%, C%, δ15N, δ13C) and nineteen mineral elements were determined along with multivariate statistical analysis to distinguish the authentic COR samples and counterfeit CGR samples. The results showed that there were significant differences between the mean value of N%, δ15N and δ13C according to the botanical origins. In addition, these two species can be differentiated by principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) analysis. A linear discriminant analysis (LDA) model with a good classification rate (100%) and cross-validation rate (100%) was established. Hence, stable isotope and mineral element contents combined with chemometrics analysis could be considered as an effective and reliable method for discriminating the source species of COR and CGR.
Specific egg yolk antibody raised to biofilm associated protein (Bap) is protective against murine pneumonia caused by Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Ranjbar Azam , Rasooli Iraj , Jahangiri Abolfazl , Ramezanalizadeh Fatemeh
Published: July 2022

Acinetobacter baumanniieasily turns into pan drug-resistant (PDR) with a high mortality rate. No effective commercial antibiotic or approved vaccine is available against drug-resistant strains of this pathogen. Egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) could be used as a simple and low-cost biotherapeutic against its infections. This study evaluates the prophylactic potential of IgY againstA. baumanniiin a murine pneumonia model. White Leghorn hens were immunized with intramuscular injection of the recombinant biofilm-associated protein (Bap) fromA. baumanniion days 0, 21, 42, and 63. The reactivity and antibiofilm activity of specific IgYs raised against the Bap was evaluated by indirect ELISA and a microtiter plate assay for biofilm formation. The IgYs against Bap were able to decrease the biofilm formation ability ofA. baumanniiand protect the mice against the challenge ofA. baumannii. IgYs antibody raised here shows a good antigen-specificity and protectivity which can be used in passive immunotherapy againstA. baumannii. In conclusion, the IgY against biofilm-associated protein proves prophylactic in a murine pneumonia model.
Factors associated with Chinese herbal medicine use among middle-aged and older women with arthritis: evidence from China
Authors: Yang Lu , Sibbritt David
Published: July 2022

Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been used for arthritis in China and elsewhere across the world. However, knowledge about the prevalence and profile of middle-aged and older women who used CHM for arthritis in China is limited. This study aims to identify potentially important insights into the factors associated with CHM use amongst middle-aged and older women with arthritis in China. Data were drawn from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), a population-based survey of Chinese adults aged 45 years or older, comprising 10,833 Chinese women who completed a questionnaire in 2015. Stepwise multiple logistic regression modeling was conducted to determine the key factors (demographic, health condition, and health services use) predicting the use of CHM for the treatment of arthritis. Results revealed that 17.2% of women with arthritis were taking CHM for their arthritic symptoms. Women with arthritis who used CHM were more likely to experience finger pain (OR = 1.70), had difficulty in stooping, kneeling, crouching (OR = 1.40), visited a Traditional Chinese hospital (OR = 2.22), consulted massage therapists (OR = 2.06) and/or had experienced a fall (OR = 1.41). The prevalence of CHM use is high amongst middle-aged and older Chinese women with arthritis. Given the high risk of functional disability and impaired mental health, further research is needed to explore the potential health benefits of CHM for women with arthritis in order to help facilitate the efficacious and safe use of CHM alongside conventional medical care.
Recent trends in bioartificial muscle engineering and their applications in cultured meat, biorobotic systems and biohybrid implants
Authors: Schätzlein Eva , Blaeser Andreas
Published: July 2022

Recent advances in tissue engineering and biofabrication technology have yielded a plethora of biological tissues. Among these, engineering of bioartificial muscle stands out for its exceptional versatility and its wide range of applications. From the food industry to the technology sector and medicine, the development of this tissue has the potential to affect many different industries at once. However, to date, the biofabrication of cultured meat, biorobotic systems, and bioartificial muscle implants are still considered in isolation by individual peer groups. To establish common ground and share advances, this review outlines application-specific requirements for muscle tissue generation and provides a comprehensive overview of commonly used biofabrication strategies and current application trends. By solving the individual challenges and merging various expertise, synergetic leaps of innovation that inspire each other can be expected in all three industries in the future.
A male-specific doublesex isoform reveals an evolutionary pathway of sexual development via distinct alternative splicing mechanisms
Authors: Han Caihong , Peng Qionglin , Su Xiangbin , Xing Limin , Ji Xiaoxiao , Pan Yufeng
Published: July 2022

The doublesex/mab-3 related transcription factor (Dmrt) genes regulate sexual development in metazoans. Studies of the doublesex (dsx) gene in insects, in particular Drosophila melanogaster, reveal that alternative splicing of dsx generates sex-specific Dsx isoforms underlying sexual differentiation. Such a splicing-based mechanism underlying sex-specific Dmrt function is thought to be evolved from a transcription-based mechanism used in non-insect species, but how such transition occurs during evolution is not known. Here we identified a male-specific dsx transcript (dsxM2) through intron retention (IR), in addition to previously identified dsxM and dsxF transcripts through alternative polyadenylation (APA) with mutually exclusive exons. We found that DsxM2 had similarly masculinizing function as DsxM. We also found that the IR-based mechanism generating sex-specific dsx transcripts was conserved from flies to cockroaches. Further analysis of these dsx transcripts suggested an evolutionary pathway from sexually monomorphic to sex-specific dsx via the sequential use of IR-based and APA-based alternative splicing.
A pore-forming protein drives macropinocytosis to facilitate toad water maintaining
Authors: Zhao Zhong , Shi Zhi-Hong , Ye Chen-Jun , Zhang Yun
Published: July 2022

Maintaining water balance is a real challenge for amphibians in terrestrial environments. Our previous studies with toad Bombina maxima discovered a pore-forming protein and trefoil factor complex βγ-CAT, which is assembled under tight regulation depending on environmental cues. Here we report an unexpected role for βγ-CAT in toad water maintaining. Deletion of toad skin secretions, in which βγ-CAT is a major component, increased animal mortality under hypertonic stress. βγ-CAT was constitutively expressed in toad osmoregulatory organs, which was inducible under the variation of osmotic conditions. The protein induced and participated in macropinocytosis in vivo and in vitro. During extracellular hyperosmosis, βγ-CAT stimulated macropinocytosis to facilitate water import and enhanced exosomes release, which simultaneously regulated aquaporins distribution. Collectively, these findings uncovered that besides membrane integrated aquaporin, a secretory pore-forming protein can facilitate toad water maintaining via macropinocytosis induction and exocytosis modulation, especially in responses to osmotic stress.
Cross-species experiments reveal widespread cochlear neural damage in normal hearing
Authors: Bharadwaj Hari M. , Hustedt-Mai Alexandra R. , Ginsberg Hannah M. , Dougherty Kelsey M. , Muthaiah Vijaya Prakash Krishnan , Hagedorn Anna , Simpson Jennifer M. , Heinz Michael G.
Published: July 2022

Animal models suggest that cochlear afferent nerve endings may be more vulnerable than sensory hair cells to damage from acoustic overexposure and aging. Because neural degeneration without hair-cell loss cannot be detected in standard clinical audiometry, whether such damage occurs in humans is hotly debated. Here, we address this debate through co-ordinated experiments in at-risk humans and a wild-type chinchilla model. Cochlear neuropathy leads to large and sustained reductions of the wideband middle-ear muscle reflex in chinchillas. Analogously, human wideband reflex measures revealed distinct damage patterns in middle age, and in young individuals with histories of high acoustic exposure. Analysis of an independent large public dataset and additional measurements using clinical equipment corroborated the patterns revealed by our targeted cross-species experiments. Taken together, our results suggest that cochlear neural damage is widespread even in populations with clinically normal hearing.
Polymeric micelle-based nanoagents enable phototriggering combined chemotherapy and photothermal therapy with high sensitivity
Authors: Li Xiaojuan , Bao Weier , Liu Ming , Meng Jiaqi , Wang Zicheng , Sun Mingqi , Zhang Liaoyun , Tian Zhiyuan
Published: July 2022

A dual-targeting polymeric nanomicelle-based nanoagent was developed with superb sensitivity in terms of highly controllable drug release and efficient photothermal therapy upon photo-triggering from an NIR laser.
The facile synthesis of FeP/CoP confined in N, P co-doped carbon derived from MOFs for an efficient pH-universal hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Liu Shan-Shan , Li Ji-Sen
Published: July 2022

N, P co-doped carbon encapsulated FeP/CoP derived from dual-MOFs was synthesized by a simple approach, which exhibits an efficient catalytic HER performance in all pH ranges.
Catalyst supports based on ZnO–ZnAl2O4 nanocomposites with enhanced selectivity and coking resistance in isobutane dehydrogenation
Authors: Matveyeva Anna N. , Omarov Shamil O. , Nashchekin Alexey V. , Popkov Vadim I. , Murzin Dmitry Yu.
Published: July 2022

ZnO–ZnAl2O4 obtained by urotropine-nitrate combustion synthesis can be effectively used as dehydrogenation catalyst supports. The ZnO content affects their properties and isobutane conversion, which passes through a maximum for 20 mol% of ZnO.
Rapid plant uptake of isothiazolinone biocides and formation of metabolites by hydroponic Arabidopsis
Authors: Muerdter Claire P. , Powers Megan M. , Chowdhury Sraboni , Mianecki Alyssa L. , LeFevre Gregory H.
Published: July 2022

Isothiazolinone biocides leach from building materials into stormwater and can interact with plants. We discovered rapid, constituently active, dose-dependent rates indicative of transporter-mediated plant uptake, and measured compounds in the plant and medium that are increased by BIT exposure.
Visualization and assessment of the microbial colonization process of disposable surgical masks in a typical natural aquatic environment
Authors: Liu Li , Tang Peiqin , Li Ruitong
Published: July 2022

Visualization and assessment of the microbial colonization process of disposable surgical masks in a typical natural aquatic environment.
Polyphenol characterisation and diverse bioactivities of native Australian lilly pilly (Syzygium paniculatum) extract
Authors: Pachulicz River J. , Yu Long , Jovcevski Blagojce , Bulone Vincent , Pukala Tara L.
Published: July 2022

The magenta lilly pilly (Syzygium paniculatum) has been characterised as a high-yielding source of phenolic compounds, particularly anthocyanins, with the berry fruit extracts shown to have broad bioactivity of potential benefit to human health.
Inhibition of reinstatement of alcohol-induced conditioned place preference in mice by Lonicera japonica polysaccharide
Authors: Liu Ping , Shen Hengyan , Zhang Qiaoyue , Zhou Limei , Bai Xinyu , Zhang Tao
Published: July 2022

Alcohol is one of the most commonly used addictive substances.
Monodispersed flower-like MXene@VO2 clusters for aqueous zinc ion batteries with superior rate performance
Authors: Xu Zhibin , Li Xilong , Jin Yueang , Dong Qi , Ye Jiajia , Zhang Xueqian , Qian Yitai
Published: July 2022

A 3D flower-like MXene@VO2 composite has been successfully synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal process. The unique morphology and the synergistic effect contribute to the superior electrochemical performance as the cathode of AZIBs.
Self-assembled HfO2-Au nanocomposites with ultra-fine vertically aligned Au nanopillars
Authors: Zhang Yizhi , Zhang Di , Liu Juncheng , Lu Ping , Deitz Julia , Shen Jianan , He Zihao , Zhang Xinghang , Wang Haiyan
Published: July 2022

Oxide-metal-based hybrid material of HfO2-Au have been demonstrated and shown novel anisotropic optical and plasmonic properties.
Alkynyl transmetalation triggered by a nucleophilic attack
Authors: Wang Jiwei , Liu Lin , Zhan Licheng , Zhang Jun
Published: July 2022

A domino cylization/ring-opening/recyclization reaction involving an alkynyl transmetalation was triggered by nucleophilic attack, and the gem-dinuclear Ni/Au and Pt/Au vinylidene intermediates was obtained by cyclization of π-Au, σ-M acetylides.
Durable superhydrophobic Fe3O4@C/PVDF/PU sponge for efficient separation of surfactant-stabilized organic solvent/water emulsions
Authors: Lv Xinyan , Wei Zhonglin , Cui Canyu , Wang Wenwen , Tan Yumei , Jiao Shihui , Pang Guangsheng
Published: July 2022

The superhydrophobic Fe3O4@C/PVDF/PU sponge is successfully prepared through immersion method and shows high separation efficiency and preferable recyclability in the separation of surfactant-stabilized organic solvent/water emulsions.
Coatings of hydroxyapatite–bioactive glass microparticles for adhesion to biological tissues
Authors: Palierse Estelle , Roquart Maïlie , Norvez Sophie , Corté Laurent
Published: July 2022

Coatings of hydroxyapatite–bioactive glass microparticles are proposed as a way to create adhesion between hydrogels and biological tissues using adsorption of the microparticles across the interface.
Subcomponent self-assembly of circular helical Dy6(L)6 and bipyramid Dy12(L)8 architectures directed via second-order template effects
Authors: Li Xiao-Lei , Zhao Lang , Wu Jianfeng , Shi Wei , Struch Niklas , Lützen Arne , Powell Annie K. , Cheng Peng , Tang Jinkui
Published: July 2022

Subcomponent self-assembly gave access to Dy12(L)8 and Dy6(L)6 architectures via second-order template effects. The Dy6(L)6 assembly behaves as a single-molecule magnet exhibiting a high anisotropy barrier and butterfly-shaped magnetic hysteresis.
How the ionic liquid BMIMBF4 influences the formation and optoelectronic properties of MAPbI3 thin films
Authors: Biberger Simon , Schötz Konstantin , Ramming Philipp , Leupold Nico , Moos Ralf , Köhler Anna , Grüninger Helen , Panzer Fabian
Published: July 2022

The influence of an ionic liquid (IL) on the film formation of the perovskite MAPbI3 is studied by multimodal in situ optical spectroscopy, where the IL is found to impact the evolution of precursor states and to reduce the growth rate of perovskite.
Donor–acceptor organogels and xerogels fromC3-symmetric pyrene and naphthalene-diimide components
Authors: Peigneguy Fanny , Oliveras-González Cristina , Voltz Marie , Ibrahim Nagham , Sallé Marc , Avarvari Narcis , Canevet David
Published: July 2022

Association ofC3-symmetric pyrene- and naphthalene diimide-based derivatives afforded gels through aromatic interactions. The corresponding (xero)gels displayed original spectroscopic features in comparison to the corresponding one-component materials.
A morphology-dependent lattice stability investigation in ZnS nanostructures by high-pressure XAFS studies
Authors: Dong Qing , Li Shujia , Liu Ran , Liu Bo , Li Quanjun , Kim Jaeyong , Liu Bingbing
Published: July 2022

High-pressure XAFS study reveals that the wurtzite ZnS nanorods directly transform into the rock salt phase, showing the high stability of nanorod morphology, which is attributed to its low-energy circumferential surface of ±(21̄0).
Categorical Perception of Lexical Tones in Mandarin-Speaking Seniors
Authors: Feng Yan , Peng Gang , Wang William Shi-Yuan
Published: July 2022

Purpose:

This study aims to investigate the different degeneration processes of categorical perception (CP) of Mandarin lexical tones in the normal aging population and the pathological aging population with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Method:

In Experiment I, we compared the identification and discrimination of Tone 1 and Tone 2 across young adults, seniors aged 60–65 years, and older seniors aged 75–80 years with normal cognitive abilities. In Experiment II, we compared lexical tone identification and discrimination across young adults, healthy seniors, and age-matched seniors with MCI.

Results:

In Experiment I, tone perception was intact in seniors aged below 65 years. Those aged above 75 years could also maintain normal tone identification, whereas they showed poorer tone discrimination correlated with age-related poorer hearing level. In Experiment II, healthy seniors showed normal CP of Mandarin tones. Tone identification was also normal in those with MCI, whereas their tone discrimination had significantly degenerated.

Conclusions:

In the normal aging population, age-related hearing loss decreased signal audibility, accounting for poorer discrimination of Mandarin lexical tones in seniors above 75 years. In the pathological aging population with MCI, the poorer discrimination of lexical tones may be attributed to the additive effect of age, hearing loss, and cognitive impairment (e.g., impaired working memory and long-term phonological memory). This study uncovered the roles of low-level sensory processing and high-level cognitive processing in lexical tone perception in the Chinese aging population.
Associations Between Paternal Play and Executive Function in Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children
Authors: Blank Andrew , Holt Rachael Frush
Published: July 2022

Purpose:

Responsive and dynamic aspects of father–child play are associated with behavioral and neurocognitive development in children and could represent an important contributor to executive function (EF) skills for children who are deaf and hard of hearing (DHH). This study examined associations between paternal behaviors during play and EF skills of DHH children and children with typical hearing (TH).

Method:

Father–child dyads in families with DHH children (
n
= 30) and TH children (
n
= 29) participated in a 15-min video-recorded free-play session that was coded for parental behaviors using Parent–Child Interaction Rating Scales and Rough and Tumble Play Quality. Families also completed an age-appropriate version of the Behavior Rating Index of Executive Function as a measure of child EF.

Results:

DHH children were rated as having significantly more everyday difficulties with working memory than TH children. Fathers of DHH children were rated as more intrusive during play than fathers of TH children; however, there were no other differences between paternal groups on coded dimensions of father child play. Paternal respect for child autonomy was associated with fewer child difficulties with planning and organization skills and paternal play engagement was associated with fewer child EF difficulties. Moderation analyses revealed that paternal sensitivity was associated with more working memory difficulties and paternal respect for child autonomy was associated with fewer working memory difficulties for DHH children only.

Conclusions:

Paternal play could be an important environmental context for DHH outcomes. Fathers supporting independent play might generally support EF. Paternal engagement in play might also benefit EF. Results highlight paternal behavioral attributes that could lead to potential father-embedded intervention models.
Individual Voice Dimensions' Prediction of Overall Dysphonia Severity on Two Auditory-Perceptual Scales
Authors: Walden Patrick R. , Rau Sydney
Published: July 2022

Background:

Auditory-perceptual evaluation of dysphonic voice is an essential clinical activity that characterizes the nature of dysphonia and aids in planning its clinical management. Although there are multidimensional acoustic measures that correlate well with overall severity ratings, they tend to include measures that have only small or moderate correlations with individual voice characteristics frequently perceptually measured (e.g., breathiness or roughness). Given this difference between perceptual and acoustic measures, it is unclear how much individual voice characteristics contribute to a listener's perception of overall severity of dysphonia.

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to explore individual voice characteristics' relative contribution to the rating of overall dysphonia severity and to explore sex-related differences.

Method:

Two hundred ninety-six voice samples were accessed from the Perceptual Voice Qualities Database. Roughness, breathiness, asthenia, strain, pitch, and loudness ratings from the Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, Strain and Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice scales were used to predict overall voice quality severity in linear regression with bootstrapped coefficients.

Results:

Roughness, breathiness, and strain were the strongest predictors of overall severity. Asthenia and, to a lesser extent, pitch were also significant predictors of overall severity. Loudness was not a significant predictor. There were several sex-related differences noted, as well as differences related to the scale used.

Conclusions:

Breathiness, roughness, and strain were all important predictors of overall severity for all regressions. Clinicians should be aware of scale-related differences if they are using auditory-perceptual measures to choose voice therapy targets. Analyses accounting for perceptual strategy differences were recommended for future studies.
Graduate Student Clinicians' Perceptions of Child Speech Sound Errors
Authors: Jung Seyoung , Jing Linye , Grigos Maria
Published: July 2022

Purpose:

Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) rely on auditory perception to form judgments on child speech. This can be challenging for graduate student clinicians with limited clinical experience as they often need to judge children's speech errors using their auditory perception. This study examined how consistently graduate student clinicians used a 3-point perceptual rating scale to judge child speech.

Method:

Twenty-four graduate student clinicians rated single words produced by children with typically developing speech and language skills and children with speech sound disorders. All participants rated the productions using a 3-point scale, where “2” was an accurate production, “1” was a close approximation, and “0” was an inaccurate production. Ratings were solely based on the auditory signal. These ratings were compared to a consensus rating formed by two experienced SLPs.

Results:

Graduate student clinicians reached substantial agreement with the expert SLP rating. They reached the highest percentage agreement when rating accurate productions, and the lowest agreement when rating inaccurate productions.

Conclusions:

Graduate student clinicians reached substantial agreement with expert SLP rating in judging child speech using a 3-point scale when provided with detailed descriptions of each rating category. These results are consistent with previous findings on the role that clinical experience plays in speech error perception tasks and highlight the need for additional listening training in speech-language pathology graduate programs.
Dynamic‐difference based generative adversarial network for coal‐rock fracture evolution prediction
Authors: Lu Fengli , Zhang Guoying , Ding Yi , Gan Yongqi
Published: July 2022

Coal‐rock fracture evolution has a key role in coal seam permeability. Due to the randomness and uncertainty of coal‐rock fractures, the prediction of fracture evolution is difficult and challenging. In this paper, the authors propose a dynamic‐difference based generative adversarial network (DDGAN) for coal‐rock fracture evolution prediction. Firstly, the spatial‐feature encoder and the dynamic‐difference encoder are proposed to capture the spatial features and the dynamic fracture evolution information independently. And a channel‐attention (CA) module is presented to enhance the contribution of fracture evolution details information in the dynamic‐difference encoder. Then, a multi‐scale fusion (MSF) module is proposed to fuse the spatial features and the dynamic‐difference features, which benefits to refine the detailed structure during decoding. Final, the compound objective function is employed to supervise and guide the network to achieve coal‐rock fracture evolution predictions. Compared with the state‐of‐the‐art methods, extensive experiment results demonstrate that the authors’ model can achieve better performance for the task of coal‐rock fracture evolution prediction.
Colour balance and contrast stretching for sand‐dust image enhancement
Authors: Hua Zhongwei , Qi Lizhe , Guan Min , Su Hao , Sun Yunquan
Published: July 2022

The increasingly frequent sand‐dust weather in the inland areas seriously affects outdoor vision applications, especially autonomous vehicles and security monitoring. To moderate the image's colour cast and poor contrast caused by sand‐dust weather, an effective approach is proposed in this study to enhance the sand‐dust images. First, the original degraded image's colour cast is corrected by a new colour balance and compensation formula, which compensates the blue and green channel information through numerous yellow channel information caused by sand‐dust scattering before white balance. Next, in order to avoid the new colour deviation, the corrected image is converted from the RGB colour space to the HSV colour space and use the CLAHE to enhance the V component to improve the contrast. Then, a nonlinear gain function is defined to further adaptively sharpen the V component to enhance image details. Finally, the S component is stretched to improve image saturation. The extensive qualitative and quantitative evaluation shows that this method can improve the image edge clarity and contrast, restore good colour fidelity for all sand‐dust images tested. The verification also proves that this method is of much significance in improving the feature point extraction and the target detection results in the sand‐dust weather.
Emotion recognition method using millimetre wave radar based on deep learning
Authors: Dang Xiaochao , Chen Zetong , Hao Zhanjun
Published: July 2022

Non‐contact emotion recognition is a new research field. Using millimetre‐wave radar does not require users to wear any equipment, and there is no privacy violation. This study proposes a new emotion recognition method, which uses millimetre‐wave radar to transmit frequency‐modulated continuous wave signals and extracts and separates the time domain signals of heartbeat and respiration of subjects through the echo of human reflection. According to the characteristics of collected signals, a deep learning framework combining one‐dimensional convolutional neural network and Bidirectional Long Short‐Term Memory neural networks is designed for feature extraction and classification. Experiments show that this method has high average recognition accuracy for four emotions in the case of person‐independent. The excellent range resolution, higher system integration, and lower power consumption of millimetre‐wave radar will profoundly impact the development of human–computer interaction, modern medical care, and education.
Radiative losses in the chromosphere during a C-class flare
Authors: Yadav R. , de la Cruz Rodríguez J. , Kerr G. S. , Díaz Baso C. J. , Leenaarts J.
Published: July 2022

Context. Solar flares release an enormous amount of energy (∼1032 erg) into the corona. A substantial fraction of this energy is transported to the lower atmosphere, which results in chromospheric heating. The mechanisms that transport energy to the lower solar atmosphere during a flare are still not fully understood.

Aims. We aim to estimate the temporal evolution of the radiative losses in the chromosphere at the footpoints of a C-class flare, in order to set observational constraints on the electron beam parameters of a RADYN flare simulation.

Methods. We estimated the radiative losses from hydrogen, and singly ionized Ca and Mg using semiempirical model atmospheres, which were inferred from a multiline inversion of observed Stokes profiles obtained with the CRISP and CHROMIS instruments on the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope. The radiative losses were computed taking into account the effect of partial redistribution and non-local thermodynamic equilibrium. To estimate the integrated radiative losses in the chromosphere, the net cooling rates were integrated between the temperature minimum and the height where the temperature reaches 10 kK. We also compared our time series of radiative losses with those from the RADYN flare simulations.

Results. We obtained a high spatial-resolution map of integrated radiative losses around the flare peak time. The stratification of the net cooling rate suggests that the Ca IR triplet lines are responsible for most of the radiative losses in the flaring atmosphere. During the flare peak time, the contribution from Ca II H and K and Mg II h and k lines are strong and comparable to the Ca IR triplet (∼32 kW m−2). Since our flare is a relatively weak event, the chromosphere is not heated above 11 kK, which in turn yields a subdued Lyα contribution (∼7 kW m−2) in the selected limits of the chromosphere. The temporal evolution of total integrated radiative losses exhibits sharply rising losses (0.4 kW m−2 s−1) and a relatively slow decay (0.23 kW m−2 s−1). The maximum value of total radiative losses is reached around the flare peak time, and can go up to 175 kW m−2 for a single pixel located at footpoint. After a small parameter study, we find the best model-data consistency in terms of the amplitude of radiative losses and the overall atmospheric structure with a RADYN flare simulation in the injected energy flux of 5 × 1010 erg s−1 cm−2.
Eine Querschnittsuntersuchung zur Qualität der Sauerstofftherapie in drei deutschen Krankenhäusern
Authors: Fühner Thomas , Gottlieb Jens , Joean Oana , vanʼt Klooster Maria Petronella , Kayser Moritz Z. , Valtin Christina , Ewen Raphael , Golpon Heiko
Published: July 2022

Einleitung Sauerstoff (O2) ist eines der am häufigsten angewendeten Arzneimittel in deutschen Krankenhäusern und im Rettungswesen. Sowohl eine Hypoxämie als auch eine Hyperoxämie sind mit Komplikationen vergesellschaftet. In Deutschland fehlen bislang belastbare Daten zur Anwendung, Dokumentation und Überwachung der O2-Therapie.

Methoden Eine Querschnittsstudie zur Sauerstoff-Anwendung wurde in 3 Krankenhäusern der maximalen bzw. supramaximalen Versorgung in Hannover im Herbst 2020 durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse Von 343 erfassten Patienten erhielten 20 % eine O2-Therapie. Bei 29 % der Patienten mit O2-Therapie bestand ein Hyperkapnie-Risiko. Lediglich bei 68 % Patienten mit einer O2-Therapie lag eine SOP zur O2-Anwendung auf den jeweiligen Stationen vor und nur bei 22 % entsprach die gegebene O2-Therapie dem tatsächlichen Bedarf des Patienten. Nur bei 30 % des Gesamtkollektivs und 41 % der Patienten mit O2-Therapie erfolgte eine vollständige Dokumentation der Vitalparameter. Eine Überwachung der O2-Therapie mittels arterieller oder kapillärer Blutgasanalyse (BGA) erfolgte bei 76 % der O2-Patienten. Hier zeigte sich bei 64 % der Patienten eine Normoxämie, bei 17 % eine Hyperoxämie und bei 19 % eine Hypoxämie. Der einzige identifizierbare Prediktor für eine adäquate O2-Therapie war eine vorangegangene Beatmungstherapie.

Diskussion Insgesamt zeigt sich eine suboptimale Indikationsstellung, Anwendung und Kontrolle der Sauerstofftherapie. Schulungen des pflegerischen und ärztlichen Personals zur Verbesserung der Anwendung der O2-Therapie und resultierend auch der Patientensicherheit sind dringend notwendig.
Homöopathie versus Impfungen? – Eine Analyse unter
Berücksichtigung der Spanischen Grippe
Authors: Jahn Stefanie
Published: July 2022

Repetitiv wird die Homöopathie für eine vermeintliche
Wissenschaftsverweigerung und mangelhafte Forschungspraxis kritisiert.
Insbesondere Impfungen als Inbegriff für wissenschaftlichen Fortschritt
und damit einen Nutzen für Mensch und Tier werden als Diskrepanz und
Widerspruch zwischen wissenschaftsbasierter Medizin und Homöopathie
wahrgenommen. Diese Dichotomie ist einerseits geprägt von der Ansicht,
dass die Homöopathie sich in ihrem 220-jährigen Bestehen kaum
weiterentwickelt hat. Andererseits gibt es unter Anwender*innen von
Homöopathie wie auch innerhalb anderer (ärztlicher)
Berufsgruppen und Bevölkerungsschichten eine (multikausale) Skepsis
gegenüber Impfungen und anderen Maßnahmen und Therapien der
konventionellen Medizin.

Vor allem in Krisenzeiten erfahren komplementäre Methoden einen
großen Zulauf. In einigen Ländern ist die Homöopathie
integrativer Bestandteil des staatlichen Gesundheitssystems. Zahlreiche
Wissenschaftler*innen in der Grundlagen-, Versorgungs- und der
klinischen Forschung beschäftigen sich mit Homöopathie. Weltweit
nutzen Menschen Homöopathika zur Prävention und Therapie. Die
Anwendung wird begleitet von Datenerhebungen und Evaluationen. Zur
Bekämpfung der Spanischen Grippe experimentierten Homöopathen
mit der Herstellung und Verabreichung von Vakzinen und Seren. Während
der Coronapandemie zeigte sich, dass die Expertise einzelner
Forscher*innen und Fachbereiche nicht ausreicht, effektiv und nachhaltig
auf Komplexität und Dynamiken zu reagieren. Erforderlich ist eine
umfassende Sicht auf die Geschehnisse. Was gesamtgesellschaftlich zutrifft, gilt
auch für die Medizin.

Die Homöopathie als Teil der Integrativen Medizin ist eine
wissenschaftsfundierte und patientenzentrierte Methode, die auch und gerade in
Krisenzeiten ihren Stellenwert in der Gesundheitsversorgung hat.
Unerwartete Wirkungen von „Anti-Sars-CoV-2-Impfungen“
– eine erste Anwendungsbeobachtung mit Homöopathie im Jahre 2021
als Präpilotstudie
Authors: von Ammon Klaus , Lottenbach Franz , Malchow Holger
Published: July 2022

Zur Prävention einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion existieren seit Dezember 2020
vorläufig zugelassene Injektionspräparate auf mRNA- oder
Vektorbasis, die unerwartete Impfwirkungen haben können, welche die
Patient*innen in unsere Praxis führen. Homöopathie in
der Bandbreite ihrer Möglichkeiten von Analyseverfahren und Arzneien
(Urtinktur bis Q-Potenzen) bietet ein überraschend erfolgreiches,
spezifisches und günstiges Angebot zur Therapie unerwarteter Wirkungen
von Anti-SARS-CoV-2-Impfpräparaten.
Impfreaktionen und Langzeitfolgen nach
Covid-19-Impfung
Authors: Harte Margarete
Published: July 2022

Anhand von Fällen wird die Arzneimittelfindung mithilfe des
Symptomenlexikons dargestellt bei Impfnebenwirkungen und Langzeitfolgen nach
Impfung mit einem mRNA-Impfstoff (Covid-19).