bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Histone H4 acetylation required for chromatin decompaction during DNA replication
Authors: Ruan Kun , Yamamoto Takaharu G. , Asakawa Haruhiko , Chikashige Yuji , Kimura Hiroshi , Masukata Hisao , Haraguchi Tokuko , Hiraoka Yasushi
Published: July 2015

Faithful DNA replication is a prerequisite for cell proliferation. Several cytological studies have shown that chromosome structures alter in the S-phase of the cell cycle. However, the molecular mechanisms behind the alteration of chromosome structures associated with DNA replication have not been elucidated. Here, we investigated chromatin structures and acetylation of specific histone residues during DNA replication using the meiotic nucleus of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The S. pombe meiotic nucleus provides a unique opportunity for measuring the levels of compaction of chromatin along the chromosome in a defined orientation. By direct measurement of chromatin compaction in living cells, we demonstrated that decompaction of chromatin occurs during meiotic DNA replication. This chromatin decompaction was suppressed by depletion of histone acetyltransferase Mst1 or by arginine substitution of specific lysine residues (K8 and K12) of histone H4. These results suggest that acetylation of histone H4 residues K8 and K12 plays a critical role in loosening chromatin structures during DNA replication.
Graphene with outstanding anti-irradiation capacity as multialkylated cyclopentanes additive toward space application
Authors: Fan Xiaoqiang , Wang Liping
Published: July 2015

Multialkylated cyclopentanes (MACs), a class of synthetic hydrocarbon fluid have attracted intensive interest as possible space lubricants due to a series of unique physical and chemical properties. Here, we used graphene with high mechanical strength and chemical inertness as lubricant additive to explore its potential for space application. The effects of space irradiation on graphene and the tribological properties of graphene as lubricant additive were firstly investigated in detail under simulated space environment composed of high vacuum, high/low temperature and irradiation. Results demonstrate that graphene not only possesses outstanding anti–irradiation capacity but also significantly improves the space performance and tribological properties of MACs, which depends on the excellent physicochemical properties and high load-carrying ability of graphene as well as more effective separation of the sliding surfaces.
Grazer-induced morphological defense in Scenedesmus obliquus is affected by competition against Microcystis aeruginosa
Authors: Zhu Xuexia , Wang Jun , Lu Yichun , Chen Qinwen , Yang Zhou
Published: July 2015

The green alga Scenedesmus is known for its phenotypic plasticity in response to grazing risk. However, the benefits of colony formation induced by infochemicals from zooplankton should come with costs. That is, a tradeoff in benefit-to-cost ratios is likely under complex environmental conditions. In this study, we hypothesized that the coexistence of Scenedesmus and its competitors decreases the formation of anti-grazer colonies in Scenedesmus. Results demonstrated that the presence of a competitor Microcystis aeruginosa inhibited inducible defensive colony formation of Scenedesmus obliquus and the established defensive colonies negatively affected the competitive ability of S. obliquus. The proportion of induced defensive colonies in cultures was dependent on the relative abundance of competitors. Under low competition intensity, large amount of eight-celled colonies were formed but at the cost of decreased competitive inhibition on M. aeruginosa. By contrast, defensive colony formation of S. obliquus slacked in the presence of high competition intensity to maintain a high displacement rate (competitive ability). In conclusion, S. obliquus exhibited different responses to potential grazing pressure under different intensities of competition, i.e., Scenedesmus morphological response to grazing infochemicals was affected by competition against Microcystis.
Continuous fluorometric method for measuring β-glucuronidase activity: comparative analysis of three fluorogenic substrates
Authors: Briciu-Burghina Ciprian , Heery Brendan , Regan Fiona
Published: July 2015

A new continuous fluorometric method for measuring GUS activity shows a superior analytical performance to the established discontinuous method.
Kinetic-catalytic method for sequential determination of iron and copper using a chip coupled to a multipumping flow system
Authors: Abouhiat Fatima Zohra , Henríquez Camelia , El Yousfi Farida , Cerdà Víctor
Published: July 2015

A microfluidic system for the kinetic-catalytic determination of iron and copper.
An electrochemical sensor based on iron(ii,iii)@graphene oxide@molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles for interleukin-8 detection in saliva
Authors: Tang Pingping , Zhang Hongping , Huo Jichuan , Lin Xiaoyan
Published: July 2015

An electrochemical sensor based on Fe3O4@GO@MIP nanoparticles has been proposed for interleukin-8 detection in saliva.
Microelemental characterisation of Aboriginal Australian natural Fe oxide pigments
Authors: Popelka-Filcoff R. S. , Lenehan C. E. , Lombi E. , Donner E. , Howard D. L. , de Jonge M. D. , Paterson D. , Walshe K. , Pring A.
Published: July 2015

This manuscript presents the first comprehensive microcharacterisation of Fe oxide minerals used in Aboriginal Australian mineral pigments.
Solvent-induced single-crystal to single-crystal transformation of a Zn4O-containing doubly interpenetrated metal–organic framework with a pcu net
Authors: Lee Jae Hwa , Kim Tae Kyung , Suh Myunghyun Paik , Moon Hoi Ri
Published: July 2015

A present metal–organic framework with an interpenetrating pcu net showed the structural change in single-crystal to single-crystal manner upon guest-exchange.
Controlled growth of large area multilayer graphene on copper by chemical vapour deposition
Authors: Kasap Sibel , Khaksaran Hadi , Çelik Süleyman , Özkaya Hasan , Yanık Cenk , Kaya Ismet I.
Published: July 2015

The mean free path in gasversusthe distance between nucleation sites is a key to the full coverage multilayer graphene growth.
Gas-phase dynamics in graphene growth by chemical vapour deposition
Authors: Li Gan , Huang Sheng-Hong , Li Zhenyu
Published: July 2015

Numerical simulations confirm that gas-phase dynamics is an important integrant of the mechanism of graphene growth via chemical vapour deposition.
Two-photon absorption properties and1O2generation ability of Ir complexes: an unexpected large cross section of [Ir(CO)2Cl(4-(para-di-n-butylaminostyryl)pyridine)]
Authors: Colombo Alessia , Dragonetti Claudia , Roberto Dominique , Valore Adriana , Ferrante Camilla , Fortunati Ilaria , Picone A. Lorena , Todescato Francesco , Williams J. A. Gareth
Published: July 2015

TPA efficiency and1O2generation activity of iridium complexes.
Diamagnetic molybdenum nitride complexes supported by diligating tripodal triamido-phosphine ligands as precursors to paramagnetic phosphine donors
Authors: Hatnean Jillian A. , Johnson Samuel A.
Published: July 2015

Complexes of the type P(CH2NArR)3MoN act as ditopic ligands that allow for the facile assembly of polymetallic complexes.
New findings and the current controversies for water oxidation by a copper(ii)-azo complex: homogeneous or heterogeneous?
Authors: Najafpour Mohammad Mahdi , Ebrahimi Foad , Safdari Rasoul , Ghobadi Mohadeseh Zarei , Tavahodi Mojtaba , Rafighi Parvin
Published: July 2015

New findings for the water-oxidizing activity of [(L)CuII(NO3)], (L = (E)-3-(pyridin-2-yldiazenyl)naphthalen-2-ol (HL)) under both electro-water oxidation conditions and in the presence of cerium(iv) ammonium nitrate are reported.
Two-dimensional covalent carbon nitride nanosheets: synthesis, functionalization, and applications
Authors: Zhang Jinshui , Chen Yan , Wang Xinchen
Published: July 2015

This review presents a summary of the recent progress in synthesis, functionalization and application of two-dimensional covalent carbon nitride nanosheets.
Enhancement of sludge decomposition and hydrogen production from waste activated sludge in a microbial electrolysis cell with cheap electrodes
Authors: Feng Yinghong , Liu Yiwen , Zhang Yaobin
Published: July 2015

Cheap Fe/graphite electrodes substantially enhanced hydrogen production from anaerobic waste activated sludge digestion in a microbial electrolysis cell.
In silico research to assist the investigation of carboxamide derivatives as potent TRPV1 antagonists
Authors: Wang Jinghui , Li Yan , Yang Yinfeng , Du Jian , Zhang Shuwei , Yang Ling
Published: July 2015

The transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), a non-selective cation channel, is known for its essential role in the pathogenesis of various pain conditions such as nerve damage induced hyperalgesia, diabetic neuropathy and cancer pain.
Probing the effect of arm length and inter- and intramolecular interactions in the formation of Cu(ii) complexes of Schiff base ligands derived from some unsymmetrical tripodal amines
Authors: Keypour Hassan , Shayesteh Maryam , Salehzadeh Sadegh , Dhers Sébastien , Maleki Farahnaz , Ünver Hüseyin , Dilek Nefise
Published: July 2015

Mononuclear and dinuclear Cu(ii) complexes, [CuIILaldi](ClO4) and [CuIILaldi]2(ClO4)2, derived from unsymmetrical tripodal amines (1–6) are reported.
A highly efficient non-enzymatic glucose biosensor based on a nanostructured NiTiO3/NiO material
Authors: Pal Nabanita , Saha Barnamala , Kundu Sudipta K. , Bhaumik Asim , Banerjee Sangam
Published: July 2015

NiTiO3/NiO self-assembled crystalline nanoparticles synthesized via a surfactant-assisted EISA method exhibit excellent sensitivity and selectivity towards glucose biosensing with a very low limit of detection.
A sensitive quenched electrochemiluminescent DNA sensor based on the catalytic activity of gold nanoparticle functionalized MoS2
Authors: Wang Xiu , Deng Wenping , Shen Lei , Yan Mei , Ge Shenguang , Yu Jinghua
Published: July 2015

A simple sandwich-type ECL sensor for DNA detection based on MoS2–Au quenching the ECL signal of CdS/ZnS QDs.
Microwave assisted synthesis of α-Fe2O3/reduced graphene oxide as anode material for high performance lithium ion batteries
Authors: Zhu Shoupu , Chen Ming , Ren Wenji , Yang Jiren , Qu Shanshan , Li Zhongcui , Diao Guowang
Published: July 2015

Uniform α-Fe2O3/RGO nanocomposites were prepared using a simple and novel microwave method and the synthesized nanocomposites exhibited excellent electrochemical performance for lithium ion batteries.
Direct synthesis of methyl phosphoramidates in carbohydrates
Authors: Dhurandhare Vijay M. , Mishra Girija Prasad , Lam Sarah , Wang Cheng-Chung
Published: July 2015

Direct one-step synthesis with high regioselectivity, 16 examples up to quantitative yield.
Cu-mediated direct regioselective C-2 chlorination of indoles
Authors: Zhao Jing , Cheng Xiuzhi , Le Jun , Yang Wei , Xue Fengtian , Zhang Xuan , Jiang Chao
Published: July 2015

Cu-mediated C-2 chlorination of indoles was accomplished with copper(ii) chloride through the use of a directing pyrimidyl protection group. A highly regioselective manner can be achieved on a range of indole substrates with excellent functional group tolerance.
Application of RDC enhanced NMR spectroscopy in structural analysis of thiacalix[4]arene derivatives
Authors: Vrzal L. , Kratochvílová-Šimánová M. , Landovský T. , Polívková K. , Budka J. , Dvořáková H. , Lhoták P.
Published: July 2015

The conformational behaviour of novel phenoxathiin-based skeletons was studied using the Residual Dipolar Coupling constant (RDC) method.
Aqueous copper(0) mediated reversible deactivation radical polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate
Authors: Zhang Mingmin , Cunningham Michael F. , Hutchinson Robin A.
Published: July 2015

Lowering the concentration of adsorbed radicals on the Cu(0) surface, achieved by reducing catalyst and adding NaBr, is the key to the synthesis of well-defined P(HEA) without a high molecular weight shoulder in aqueous solution using two-step Cu(0) in situ mediation.
Functionalized cellulose nanocrystals as nanocarriers for sustained fragrance release
Authors: Kuhnt Tobias , Herrmann Andreas , Benczédi Daniel , Foster E. Johan , Weder Christoph
Published: July 2015

A new family of nanocarrier-based pro-fragrances with high affinity to cotton releasing their payload under everyday life conditions is reported. The delivery systems were prepared by decorating cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with β-damascone, which is slowly released via a retro 1,4-Michael-type reaction in applications of functional perfumery.
Fe(iii)-mediated ICAR ATRP in a p-xylene/PEG-200 biphasic system: facile and highly efficient separation and recycling of an iron catalyst
Authors: Zhang Bingjie , Jiang Xiaowu , Zhang Lifen , Cheng Zhenping , Zhu Xiulin
Published: July 2015

Iron catalyst separation and recycling was successfully achieved in a liquid/liquid biphasic TPSC-based ICAR ATRP system.
A new V-shaped triphenylamine/diketopyrrolopyrrole containing donor material for small molecule organic solar cells
Authors: Wang Shifan , Yang Jie , Zhang Zhiguo , Hu Yuanyuan , Cao Xudong , Li Hai , Tao Youtian , Li Yongfang , Huang Wei
Published: July 2015

A new V-shaped triphenylamine/diketopyrrolopyrrole based donor material was designed and synthesized, which exhibited a PCE of 3.81% in OSCs.
Activation of peroxymonosulfate by BiFeO3 microspheres under visible light irradiation for decomposition of organic pollutants
Authors: Chi Fangli , Song Biao , Yang Bin , Lv Yaohui , Ran Songlin , Huo Qisheng
Published: July 2015

BiFeO3 microspheres were firstly used to activate peroxymonosulfate under visible light irradiation for oxidation and degradation of organic pollutants.
Biocomposite adhesion without added resin: understanding the chemistry of the direct conversion of wood into adhesives
Authors: Dolan Jeffrey A. , Sathitsuksanoh Noppadon , Rodriguez Katia , Simmons Blake A. , Frazier Charles E. , Renneckar Scott
Published: July 2015

Biomass is transformed with CO2 laser light into a heat setting adhesive achieving direct adhesion without added resins. 90% of the adhesive is composed of partially depolymerized cellulose and lignin.
Self-organized nanoparticle drug delivery systems from a folate-targeted dextran–doxorubicin conjugate loaded with doxorubicin against multidrug resistance
Authors: Zhang Yuannian , Wang Haili , Mukerabigwi Jean Felix , Liu Min , Luo Shiying , Lei Shaojun , Cao Yu , Huang Xueying , He Hongxuan
Published: July 2015

DOX nano-DDSs with the function of both targeting tumors and controlling drug release were prepared which exhibited larger drug releases, higher cytotoxicity against HepG2/DOX cells, improved cellular uptake and decreased side toxicities.
The role of xylulose as an intermediate in xylose conversion to furfural: insights via experiments and kinetic modelling
Authors: Ershova O. , Kanervo J. , Hellsten S. , Sixta H.
Published: July 2015

An experimental work has been performed to study the relevance of xylulose as an intermediate during non-catalyzed and acid-catalyzed xylose conversions to furfural in aqueous solution at the temperature range from 180 to 220 °C.
Probing the differential methane decomposition behaviors of n-Ni/SiO2, n-Fe/SiO2 and n-Co/SiO2 catalysts prepared by co-precipitation cum modified Stöber method
Authors: Ashik U. P. M. , Daud W. M. A. Wan
Published: July 2015

Inspected n-Ni/SiO2 nano-catalyst prepared by co-precipitation cum modified Stöber method exhibit higher methane conversion than n-Fe/SiO2 and n-Co/SiO2.
Intergranular insulated Fe-6.5 wt% Si/SiO2 composite compacts with tunable insulating layer thickness for low core loss applications
Authors: Wu Z. Y. , Fan X. A. , Li G. Q. , Wang J. , Gan Z. H.
Published: July 2015

Variations of microstructure and eletromagnetic properities with TEOS concentration for intergranular insulated Fe-6.5 wt% Si/SiO2 composite compacts.
Oxidation of a rollover cycloplatinated(ii) dimer by MeI: a kinetic study
Authors: Aghakhanpour Reza Babadi , Rashidi Mehdi , Hosseini Fatemeh Niroomand , Raoof Fatemeh , Nabavizadeh S. Masoud
Published: July 2015

The known rollover cycloplatinated(ii) complex [Pt2Me2(PPh3)2(μ-bpy-2H)], 1, in which bpy-2H acts as a bridging rollover ligand, reacts with MeI to give a new binuclear rollover cycloplatinated(iv) complex [Pt2Me4I2(PPh3)2(μ-bpy-2H)], 2.
Enhanced electron affinity and charge balance property of a bipolar material: highly efficient solution-processed deep blue electrofluorescent and green electrophosphorescent devices
Authors: Jiang Wei , Ban Xinxin , Sun Yueming
Published: July 2015

The slight move in the ratio of the donor and acceptor group can slightly affect the optoelectronic property as a whole, and consequently modulate the electron affinity, charge balance property and exciton recombination efficiency.
Optical properties of thin metal films with nanohole arrays on porous alumina–aluminum structures
Authors: Prikulis Juris , Tamulevičius Tomas , Poplausks Raimonds , Bergs Gatis , Apsite Indra , Malinovskis Uldis , Actins Andris , Erts Donats
Published: July 2015

Enhanced plasmonic attenuation of reflection is observed in a gold–alumina–aluminum multilayer system near the interferometric anti-reflection condition.
Graphene-supported small tungsten carbide nanocrystals promoting a Pd catalyst towards formic acid oxidation
Authors: He Chunyong , Tao Juzhou , Ke Yubin , Qiu Yongfu
Published: July 2015

The diagrammatic drawing of the graphene-supported small tungsten carbide nanocrystals with hexagonal prism shape promoting pd catalyst towards formic acid oxidation.
Kinetics of the oxidation of isoniazid with the hypochlorite ion
Authors: Bogdándi Virág , Lente Gábor , Fábián István
Published: July 2015

Isoniazid is oxidized within 1–10 seconds by the hypochlorite ion in a process that is first order with respect to both reactants and shows somewhat complicated stoichiometry.
The marine-derived fungus Tinctoporellus sp. CBMAI 1061 degrades the dye Remazol Brilliant Blue R producing anthraquinones and unique tremulane sesquiterpenes
Authors: Rodriguez Julie P. G. , Williams David. E. , Sabater Isadora D. , Bonugli-Santos Rafaela C. , Sette Lara D. , Andersen Raymond J. , Berlinck Roberto G. S.
Published: July 2015

Conversion of RBBR dye to anthraquinones by the fungusTinctoporellussp., also producing novel tremulene terpenes.
Solvothermal synthesis of 1D nanostructured Mn2O3: effect of Ni2+ and Co2+ substitution on the catalytic activity of nanowires
Authors: Niu Xiaoran , Wei Huiying , Tang Ke , Liu Wei , Zhao Genyuan , Yang Yanzhao
Published: July 2015

In this paper, cation modified one dimensional Mn2O3 nanowires were synthesized via a solvothermal synthesis and calcination free from the template-assisted method.
Adsorption of nucleobases on 2D transition-metal dichalcogenides and graphene sheet: a first principles density functional theory study
Authors: Vovusha Hakkim , Sanyal Biplab
Published: July 2015

Adsorption of nucleobases A, T, G, C and U on transition-metal dichalcogenides such as MoS2 and WS2 is studied using PBE, DFT-D2 and vdW-DF methods.
Cobalt catalyzed sp3 C–H amination utilizing aryl azides
Authors: Villanueva Omar , Weldy Nina Mace , Blakey Simon B. , MacBeth Cora E.
Published: July 2015

A dinuclear Co(ii) complex supported by a modular, tunable redox-active ligand system is capable of selective C–H amination to form indolines from aryl azides in good yields at low (1 mol%) catalyst loading.
Photoresponsive immunomagnetic nanocarrier for capture and release of rare circulating tumor cells
Authors: Lv Song-Wei , Wang Jing , Xie Min , Lu Ning-Ning , Li Zhen , Yan Xue-Wei , Cai Si-Liang , Zhang Ping-An , Dong Wei-Guo , Huang Wei-Hua
Published: July 2015

7-Aminocoumarin compound was synthesized and used as phototrigger to cage EpCAM-antibody to construct a photocontrolled CTCs capture and release system.
Substituent effect of Ru(ii)-based sensitizers bearing a terpyridine anchor and a pyridyl azolate ancillary for dye sensitized solar cells
Authors: Chang Ting-Kuang , Li Huiyang , Chen Kuan-Ting , Tsai Yi-Chou , Chi Yun , Hsiao Ting-Yun , Kai Ji-Jung
Published: July 2015

Sensitizer PRT-tBu is the best candidate for fabrication of DSC devices after taking into the consideration the relative performances, device stability and scaled-up production capability.
Substance P enhances microglial density in the substantia nigra through neurokinin-1 receptor/NADPH oxidase-mediated chemotaxis in mice
Authors: Wang Qingshan , Oyarzabal Esteban , Wilson Belinda , Qian Li , Hong Jau-Shyong
Published: July 2015

The distribution of microglia varies greatly throughout the brain. The substantia nigra (SN) contains the highest density of microglia among different brain regions. However, the mechanism underlying this uneven distribution remains unclear. Substance P (SP) is a potent proinflammatory neuropeptide with high concentrations in the SN. We recently demonstrated that SP can regulate nigral microglial activity. In the present study, we further investigated the involvement of SP in modulating nigral microglial density in postnatal developing mice. Nigral microglial density was quantified in wild-type (WT) and SP-deficient mice from postnatal day 1 (P1) to P30. SP was detected at high levels in the SN as early as P1 and microglial density did not peak until around P30 in WT mice. SP-deficient mice (TAC1−/−) had a significant reduction in nigral microglial density. No differences in the ability of microglia to proliferate were observed between TAC1−/− and WT mice, suggesting that SP may alter microglial density through chemotaxic recruitment. SP was confirmed to dose-dependently attract microglia using a trans-well culture system. Mechanistic studies revealed that both the SP receptor neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) and the superoxide-producing enzyme NADPH oxidase (NOX2) were necessary for SP-mediated chemotaxis in microglia. Furthermore, genetic ablation and pharmacological inhibition of NK1R or NOX2 attenuated SP-induced microglial migration. Finally, protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) was recognized to couple SP/NK1R-mediated NOX2 activation. Altogether, we found that SP partly accounts for the increased density of microglia in the SN through chemotaxic recruitment via a novel NK1R–NOX2 axis-mediated pathway.
Collective aspects of singlet fission in molecular crystals
Authors: Teichen Paul E. , Eaves Joel D.
Published: July 2015

We present a model to describe collective features of singlet fission in molecular crystals and analyze it using many-body theory. The model we develop allows excitonic states to delocalize over several chromophores which is consistent with the character of the excited states in many molecular crystals, such as the acenes, where singlet fission occurs. As singlet states become more delocalized and triplet states more localized, the rate of singlet fission increases. We also determine the conditions under which the two triplets resulting from fission are correlated. Using the Bethe Ansatz and an entanglement measure for indistinguishable bipartite systems, we calculate the triplet-triplet entanglement as a function of the biexciton interaction strength. The biexciton interaction can produce bound biexciton states and provides a source of entanglement between the two triplets even when the triplets are spatially well separated. Significant entanglement between the triplet pair occurs well below the threshold for bound pair formation. Our results paint a dynamical picture that helps to explain why fission has been observed to be more efficient in molecular crystals than in their covalent dimer analogues and have consequences for photovoltaic efficiency models that assume that the two triplets can be extracted independently.
Markov state modeling and dynamical coarse-graining via discrete relaxation path sampling
Authors: Fačkovec B. , Vanden-Eijnden E. , Wales D. J.
Published: July 2015

A method is derived to coarse-grain the dynamics of complex molecular systems to a Markov jump process (MJP) describing how the system jumps between cells that fully partition its state space. The main inputs are relaxation times for each pair of cells, which are shown to be robust with respect to positioning of the cell boundaries. These relaxation times can be calculated via molecular dynamics simulations performed in each cell separately and are used in an efficient estimator for the rate matrix of the MJP. The method is illustrated through applications to Sinai billiards and a cluster of Lennard-Jones discs.
Finite size effect of nondegenerate edge states in annulus topological insulators
Authors: Hsu Ming-Chien , Lin Yeu-Chung , Chang Ching-Ray
Published: July 2015

Topological insulator is promising in spintronics application due to the special properties of its edge states. The requirement is to find efficient ways to fully utilize the well discernible edge states. Using the nature of nondegenerate eigenenergies for the edge states of a topological insulator with annulus geometry, we examine the finite size effect of the system under various conditions, including magnetic flux threading, change of the curvature of the annulus, and implementation in a heterostructure with surrounding barrier materials. The finite size effect manifests itself in two aspects: the energy difference between the edge states and the separation distance between the edge states. The conditions we impose on the system show different tendencies in these two aspects. It is found that a finite size effect indeed can be reduced by lifting the energy degeneracy, and choosing a proper barrier material to localize the edge states is the most effective way to reduce finite size effect. The methodology studied here can be applied to analyze the recently proposed coaxial nanoribbon experiment.
Rayleigh scattering of linear alkylbenzene in large liquid scintillator detectors
Authors: Zhou Xiang , Liu Qian , Wurm Michael , Zhang Qingmin , Ding Yayun , Zhang Zhenyu , Zheng Yangheng , Zhou Li , Cao Jun , Wang Yifang
Published: July 2015

Rayleigh scattering poses an intrinsic limit for the transparency of organic liquid scintillators. This work focuses on the Rayleigh scattering length of linear alkylbenzene (LAB), which will be used as the solvent of the liquid scintillator in the central detector of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory. We investigate the anisotropy of the Rayleigh scattering in LAB, showing that the resulting Rayleigh scattering length will be significantly shorter than reported before. Given the same overall light attenuation, this will result in a more efficient transmission of photons through the scintillator, increasing the amount of light collected by the photosensors and thereby the energy resolution of the detector.
Stimulated Raman signals at conical intersections: Ab initio surface hopping simulation protocol with direct propagation of the nuclear wave function
Authors: Kowalewski Markus , Mukamel Shaul
Published: July 2015

Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy (FSRS) signals that monitor the excited state conical intersections dynamics of acrolein are simulated. An effective time dependent Hamiltonian for two C—H vibrational marker bands is constructed on the fly using a local mode expansion combined with a semi-classical surface hopping simulation protocol. The signals are obtained by a direct forward and backward propagation of the vibrational wave function on a numerical grid. Earlier work is extended to fully incorporate the anharmonicities and intermode couplings.
Particles trajectories in magnetic filaments
Authors: Bret A.
Published: July 2015

The motion of a particle in a spatially harmonic magnetic field is a basic problem involved, for example, in the mechanism of formation of a collisionless shock. In such settings, it is generally reasoned that particles entering a Weibel generated turbulence are trapped inside it, provided their Larmor radius in the peak field is smaller than the field coherence length. The goal of this work is to put this heuristic conclusion on firm ground by studying, both analytically and numerically, such motion. A toy model is analyzed, consisting of a relativistic particle entering a region of space occupied by a spatially harmonic field. The particle penetrates the magnetic structure in a direction aligned with the magnetic filaments. Although the conclusions are not trivial, the main result is confirmed.
Convenient surface functionalization of whole-Teflon chips with polydopamine coating
Authors: Shen Bo , Xiong Bin , Wu Hongkai
Published: July 2015

This paper presents a convenient strategy to modify the surface of whole-Teflon microfluidic chips by coating the channel walls with a thin layer of polydopamine (PDA) film, which is formed by oxidation-induced self-polymerization of dopamine in alkaline solution. Two coating strategies, static incubation and dynamic flow, are demonstrated and used for tuning the physical and chemical properties of the coated channel walls. The functionalized surfaces were investigated with the contact angle, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy measurements. The coating time was optimized according to the fluorescent intensity of the green fluorescent protein immobilized on the modified surface. Applications of the PDA-modified Teflon microchips in bioanalysis were demonstrated with a typical sandwich immunoassay. Moreover, long-term cell culture experiments on modified and native Teflon chips revealed that the chip biocompatibility can be greatly improved with PDA coating. The results indicate that the surface properties of the Teflon can be easily controlled by the PDA modification, thus greatly expanding the application scope of whole-Teflon chips for various chemical and biological research fields.
Lattice thermal conductivity in β-Ga2O3 from first principles
Authors: Santia Marco D. , Tandon Nandan , Albrecht J. D.
Published: July 2015

The lattice thermal conductivity for bulk β-Ga2O3 is computed from the phonon Boltzmann transport equation using first-principles methods to obtain scattering rates. Force constants for both the second and third order potential interactions are computed with a real-space finite-displacement approach. Phonon band structures as well as anharmonic properties are then computed and used to calculate the bulk thermal conductivity tensor κ, for temperatures ranging from 25 K to 1050 K. The calculated conductivity tensor components and analytic fits to their temperature dependences are elaborated. We compare our results with available data and show good agreement with experimentally observed values. Decomposing κ into mode contributions reveals that optical phonon modes contribute significantly to the overall thermal conductivity, as much as 44% at 300 K in the [010] direction, which differs from previous interpretations of experimentally observed thermal conductivity tensor anisotropy.
Cascaded radiation pressure acceleration
Authors: Pei Zhikun , Shen Baifei , Zhang Xiaomei , Wang Wenpeng , Zhang Lingang , Yi Longqing , Shi Yin , Xu Zhizhan
Published: July 2015

A cascaded radiation-pressure acceleration scheme is proposed. When an energetic proton beam is injected into an electrostatic field moving at light speed in a foil accelerated by light pressure, protons can be re-accelerated to much higher energy. An initial 3-GeV proton beam can be re-accelerated to 7 GeV while its energy spread is narrowed significantly, indicating a 4-GeV energy gain for one acceleration stage, as shown in one-dimensional simulations and analytical results. The validity of the method is further confirmed by two-dimensional simulations. This scheme provides a way to scale proton energy at the GeV level linearly with laser energy and is promising to obtain proton bunches at tens of gigaelectron-volts.
EcoPartnership on low-carbon and sustainable urban development
Authors: Wang E.
Published: July 2015

China and the U.S. have strong national policies on sustainability and climate change but personal commitment and bottom-up capacity are also necessary for both countries to achieve their ambitious targets. The Institute for Sustainable Communities and China's National Center for Climate Change Strategy and International Cooperation launched an EcoPartnership in 2013 to empower concerned citizens from all sectors to champion and pursue impactful projects. In the current phase of the project, custom tailored training modules, expert consultation services, and peer exchanges for local environmental nonprofits, social organizations, and local government officials are driving toward the goal of fostering hundreds of urban sustainability champions across the government, private, and social sectors over the next three years. The aim is for this new cadre of leaders to seed lasting innovations in urban development among peers in their organizations and their professional networks. While the emphasis will be on developing this cohort in China, their efforts and findings will be relevant for a much broader audience.
Combined study of Schwinger-boson mean-field theory and linearized tensor renormalization group on Heisenberg ferromagnetic mixed spin (S, σ) chains
Authors: Yan Xin , Zhu Zhen-Gang , Su Gang
Published: July 2015

The Schwinger-boson mean-field theory (SBMFT) and the linearized tensor renormalization group (LTRG) methods are complementarily applied to explore the thermodynamics of the quantum ferromagnetic mixed spin (S, σ) chains. It is found that the system has double excitations, i.e. a gapless and a gapped excitation; the low-lying spectrum can be approximated by ωk∼Sσ2(S+σ)Jk2 with J the ferromagnetic coupling; and the gap between the two branches is estimated to be △ ∼ J. The Bose-Einstein condensation indicates a ferromagnetic ground state with magnetization mtotz=N(S+σ). At low temperature, the spin correlation length is inversely proportional to temperature (T), the susceptibility behaviors as χ=a1∗1T2+a2∗1T, and the specific heat has the form of C=c1∗T−c2∗T+c3∗T32, with ai (i = 1, 2) and ci (i = 1, 2, 3) the temperature independent constants. The SBMFT results are shown to be in qualitatively agreement with those by the LTRG numerical calculations for S = 1 and σ = 1/2. A comparison of the LTRG results with the experimental data of the model material MnIINiII(NO2)4(en)2(en = ethylenediamine), is made, in which the coupling parameters of the compound are obtained. This study provides useful information for deeply understanding the physical properties of quantum ferromagnetic mixed spin chain materials.
Patterned graphene ablation and two-photon functionalization by picosecond laser pulses in ambient conditions
Authors: Bobrinetskiy I. I. , Emelianov A. V. , Otero N. , Romero P. M.
Published: July 2015

Direct laser writing is a technology with excellent prospects for mask-less processing of carbon-based nanomaterials, because of the wide range of photoinduced reactions that can be performed on large surfaces with submicron resolution. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of picoseconds laser pulses for one-step ablation and functionalization of graphene. Varying the parameters of power, pulse frequency, and speed, we demonstrated the ablation down to 2 μm width and up to mm-long lines as well as functionalization with spatial resolution less than 1 μm with linear speeds in the range of 1 m/s. Raman and atomic-force microscopy studies were used to indicate the difference in modified graphene states and correlation to the changes in optical properties.
Identifying water-responsive and drought-tolerant chickpea genotypes
Authors: Hamwieh Aladdin , Imtiaz Muhammad
Published: July 2015

This study quantifies the responses of drought-tolerant genotypes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) to water availability under three irrigation regimes: rainfed (T1), 30% of full supplemental irrigation (T2), and full supplemental irrigation (T3). Sixteen genotypes of chickpea were tested in a split-plot arrangement in a randomised complete block design with three replications. Drought-resistance score (DRS), days to 50% flowering, plant height, days to maturity (DTM), grain yield (GY), biological yield (BY), 100-seed weight, average number of pods per plant (PoN), and average number of seeds per plant (SN) were measured. ANOVA indicated significant differences between treatments, years, and genotypes. Two genotypes, FLIP03-145C and ILC588, showed high drought tolerance accompanied by lower DTM, and they produced the highest GY (9.3 g plant–1). Strong and significant (P < 0.001) correlations were observed between GY and BY (0.94), SN (0.93), and PoN (0.94). The GY, BY, SN, and PoN traits were significantly (P < 0.001) correlated with DRS (–0.51 to –0.58). Ten genotypes performed better under T2 than T3, indicating a limitation in response to more water availability. Three genotypes (FLIP03-145C, ILC3182, and ILC588) are recommended for the national programs of Mediterranean countries as being drought-tolerant and especially responsive to water.
Effects of Different Water Velocities on the Hatchery Rearing Performance and Recovery from Transportation of Rainbow Trout Fed Two Different Rations
Authors: Parker Timothy M. , Barnes Michael E.
Published: July 2015

We examined the effects of exercise on hatchery rearing performance and posttransportation stress recovery, growth, and survival of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss reared for 9 weeks in one of three water velocities (0.5, 1.5, or 3.0 body lengths (BL)/s) and fed either a restricted ration or to satiation. The influence of previous exercise regimes on survival, growth, and stress recovery for 8 weeks after transportation of the fish fed a restricted ration was also evaluated. During hatchery rearing, reduced growth and poorer food conversion ratios at higher velocities (1.5 and 3.0 BL/s) were only observed in restricted ration‐fed fish, with satiation‐fed fish exhibiting no differences in hatchery rearing performance among the water velocities. Condition factor changed with exercise regime and was significantly greater in restricted ration‐fed fish at 3.0 BL/s and satiation‐fed fish at 1.5 and 3.0 BL/s. Hepatosomatic index was unaffected by exercise but was significantly greater in the fish fed to satiation, whereas the viscerosomatic index was not significantly affected by either exercise or ration. Hematocrit was also unaffected by exercise but was significantly lower in fish fed to satiation. Cortisol levels after 9 weeks of hatchery rearing were the same for all exercise regimes regardless of feed ration. Cortisol levels after transportation were also the same for all exercise regimes and cortisol levels returned to pretransportation levels within 24 h. Growth and survival after transportation were the same for all fish regardless of their previous exercise regime. These results indicate that that fish can be reared using adequate velocity to maintain the self‐cleaning properties of hatchery tanks without fear of negatively affecting fish condition or posttransportation performance, although exercise should be paired with adequate food intake to avoid decreased hatchery growth and elevated food conversion ratios.
Behavioral and Physiological Responses of Largemouth Bass to Rain‐Induced Reductions in Dissolved Oxygen in an Urban System
Authors: Gaulke Greg L. , Wolfe, John R. , Bradley, Douglas L. , Moskus Penelope E. , Wahl David H. , Suski Cory D.
Published: July 2015

Waters in urban areas often experience hypoxic events due to combined sewer overflows, which have the potential to negatively affect aquatic biota. Despite these hypoxic events, many urban areas have diverse fish assemblages, suggesting hypoxia has a minimal impact. Data to quantify the impacts of aquatic hypoxia in urban systems are currently lacking. The current study sought to define how rain‐induced hypoxia affected the movement, distribution, and physiology of individual Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides residing in the Chicago Area Waterway System (CAWS), an urban area prone to episodes of hypoxia. Following the onset of hypoxic events, the likelihood of Largemouth Bass remaining in hypoxic water was reduced, but fish did not completely avoid hypoxic areas. This suggests that hypoxia exerts only a moderate influence on the movement of Largemouth Bass. Field sampling showed that Largemouth Bass from the site prone to hypoxia were not in poor nutritional condition and were not suffering from chronic stress, relative to compared with those from reference sites. Field sampling also showed that fish from the CAWS displayed an improved capability to transport oxygen in the blood compared with individuals from control sites. Following a low‐oxygen challenge in the laboratory, fish from the CAWS also displayed elevated levels of oxygen transport capabilities compared with fish from some control sites. Together, results suggest that hypoxic events have limited behavioral consequences for Largemouth Bass, and in fact, Largemouth Bass in our study may have developed an improved ability to tolerate hypoxia, which would allow them to persist in hypoxia‐prone areas.
Does Daily Growth Affect the Rate of Manganese Uptake in Juvenile River Herring Otoliths?
Authors: Turner S. M. , Limburg K. E.
Published: July 2015

Manganese is a commonly found constituent in fish otoliths, yet a direct correlation with ambient water concentrations as observed for other elements has proven elusive. There is compelling evidence that Mn uptake is related to the availability of reduced Mn (Mn2+) resulting from hypoxia (Limburg et al. 2015) but that fish growth rate also plays a role. We tested the latter possibility by examining otoliths from anadromous river herring (Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus and Blueback Herring A. aestivalis) in New York waters. A significant correlation was found between the ages at which shifts in otolith daily growth increments (assumed proportional to somatic growth) and shifts in otolith Mn:Ca ratios were detected. Furthermore, significant positive Spearman's rank correlations were observed between mean otolith daily growth and otolith Mn:Ca. Species‐ and site‐specific differences were evident, but significant positive correlations were found for these relationships within each species and at most sampling sites. Ambient water concentrations were weakly correlated with otolith Mn:Ca, suggesting that both exogenous and endogenous factors influence Mn:Ca in otoliths. Thus, while endogenous mechanisms (i.e., growth rate) likely influence Mn uptake, exogenous availability is the ultimate control.
Development of a PCR Assay Based on a Single–Base Pair Substitution for the Detection of Aeromonas caviae by Targeting the gyrB Gene
Authors: Payattikul Penpan , Longyant Siwaporn , Sithigorngul Paisarn , Chaivisuthangkura Parin
Published: July 2015

Aeromonas caviae is a bacterial pathogen that causes various infectious diseases in both humans and animals. To facilitate its detection, we developed species-specific primer sets targeting polymorphisms in the gyrB gene for use in a PCR assay. The technique was able to detect 100% (29/29) of the A. caviae strains tested using either of two sets of primers (designated ACF1-ACR and ACF3-ACR), which produced 293-bp and 206-bp amplicons, respectively. Another set of primers (designated ACF2-ACR) yielded a 237-bp amplicon and exhibited 90% (26/29) positive results with respect to A. caviae. None of the primer sets exhibited cross-reactivity with 12 non–A. caviae isolates and 52 other non-Aeromonas bacteria. The detection limit using the ACF2-ACR and ACF3-ACR primer sets in pure culture was 1.6 × 103 CFU/mL, or 6 CFU per reaction, whereas that of the ACF1-ACR primer set was 1.6 × 104 CFU/mL, or 60 CFU per reaction. In the case of spiked Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, the sensitivity of all primer sets without enrichment was 1.8 × 104 CFU/g, or 30 CFU per reaction. Primer set ACF3-ACR was the best for a PCR assay targeting the gyrB gene, and the PCR technique developed was rapid, specific, and sensitive for the identification of A. caviae.

Received December 2, 2014; accepted April 9, 2015
Influence of Dietary Ascorbic Acid on the Immune Responses of Juvenile Korean Rockfish Sebastes schlegelii
Authors: Kim Jun-Hwan , Kang Ju-Chan
Published: July 2015

Juvenile Korean Rockfish Sebastes schlegelii (length, 13.6 ± 1.4 cm [mean ± SD]; weight, 53.6 ± 4.2 g) were fed twice daily with diets containing varying levels of ascorbic acid (0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Significant increases in daily weight and length occurred in fish fed more than 50 mg/kg ascorbic acid. The lysozyme activity of fish fed diets containing ascorbic acid was considerably increased in rockfish plasma at 400 mg/kg ascorbic acid and in kidney at over 50 mg/kg ascorbic acid. Total plasma immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels were markedly elevated in fish fed 400 mg/kg ascorbic acid. The results suggest that dietary ascorbic acid supplementation in juvenile rockfish can induce a significant increase in growth and in immunological features such as lysozyme activity and plasma IgM levels.

Received October 1, 2014; accepted May 2, 2015
The Effect of a Mycotoxin Deactivation Product on Growth of Juvenile Rainbow Trout Fed Distillers Dried Grains
Authors: Sealey Wendy M , Hooley Christopher G , Rosentrater Kurt A , Gaylord T Gibson , Barrows Frederic T
Published: July 2015

Distillers dried grains (DDG) with solubles (DDGS) is a product that has shown potential as a protein source for some fish species, but high inclusion rates of DDGS have not always been successfully achieved for Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Our objective was to determine whether inclusion of a mycotoxin deactivation product (Biofix Plus) could improve the ability of high-protein DDG (HPDDG) to replace a portion of the fish meal in diets for Rainbow Trout. The 2 × 2 factorial feeding trial examined protein source (menhaden fish meal [MFM] or HPDDG) with or without Biofix Plus. A control diet (42% digestible protein, 20% crude lipid, 25% MFM) was compared to a test diet in which HPDDG replaced 12% of the total MFM on a digestible-protein basis (24% HPDDG inclusion). Diets were fed to juvenile Rainbow Trout (initial weight: mean ± SE = 30.5 ± 1.6 g) in four replicate tanks per treatment for 9 weeks in a 15°C recirculating system. At the conclusion of the feeding trial, we observed no negative effects of fish meal replacement on growth or feed conversion ratio; no benefit of Biofix Plus supplementation was observed. These data indicate that when Rainbow Trout diets containing a high-quality DDGS product are balanced for digestible protein, lysine, methionine, and threonine, dietary fish meal levels can be successfully reduced to 13% without compromising growth and without the need for mycotoxin deactivator inclusion.
On S₁-strictly singular operators
Authors: Odell Edward , Teixeira Ricardo
Published: July 2015

Let

X
X

be a Banach space and denote by

S

S
1

(
X
)

SS_1(X)

the set of all S

1

_1

-strictly singular operators

T
:
X
⟶
X

T: X \longrightarrow X

. We prove that there is a Banach space

X
X

such that

S

S
1

(
X
)

SS_1(X)

is not an ideal. More specifically, we construct spaces

X
X

and operators

T
1

,

T
2

∈
S

S
1

(
X
)

T_1, T_2 \in SS_1(X)

such that

T
1

+

T
2

∉
S

S
1

(
X
)

T_1 + T_2 \notin SS_1(X)

. We show one example where the space

X
X

is reflexive and another where it is

c
0

c_0

-saturated.
Assembly of hair bundles, an amazing problem for cell biology
Authors: Barr-Gillespie Peter-G.
Published: July 2015

The hair bundle—the sensory organelle of inner-ear hair cells of vertebrates—exemplifies the ability of a cell to assemble complex, elegant structures. Proper construction of the bundle is required for proper mechanotransduction in response to external forces and to transmit information about sound and movement. Bundles contain tightly controlled numbers of actin-filled stereocilia, which are arranged in defined rows of precise heights. Indeed, many deafness mutations that disable hair-cell cytoskeletal proteins also disrupt bundles. Bundle assembly is a tractable problem in molecular and cellular systems biology; the sequence of structural changes in stereocilia is known, and a modest number of proteins may be involved.