bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The contribution of physical retail to value co-creation in the town centre ecosystem; evidence from Grimsey
Authors: Cassidy Kim Julie , Grimsey William , Blackley Nelson
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to identify ways to reconfigure physical retailing to ensure it maintains a sustainable position within the town centre ecosystem in the twenty-first century. The discussion draws on the evolving service-dominant logic (S-DL) and its service ecosystems perspective and evidence of best practice provided by actors involved in town centre regeneration between 2013 and 2018.

Design/methodology/approach

The research adopts a case methodology drawing on data submitted and analysed as part of the Grimsey Review 2, an independent review of the UK town centres. The data set provides examples of good practice sourced from industry leaders, trade bodies, local authorities and extensive social media engagement.

Findings

The paper evaluates the response of physical retail through an S-DL and service ecosystem lens. The review of best practice suggests that physical retailers have the best chance of survival if they proactively collaborate with other actors within a wider community hub solution, align their strategic position and operations to a holistic centre place plan and take steps to actively engage operant resources of consumers in creating physical store experiences.

Practical implications

The paper provides an evaluation of best practice in town centre regeneration implemented between 2013 and 2018. The case offers a rich bank of examples, illustrating how physical retailers are responding to the twenty-first-century challenges facing town centres. It makes recommendations for further improvement in the three critical areas identified above.

Originality/value

This paper provides further empirical support for the application of an S-DL and service ecosystem perspective to place marketing. To achieve effective value co-creation, physical retailers need to align themselves more closely with other actors in the system and maximise the potential of operant (and operand) consumer resources.
Narcissism personality trait and performance: task-oriented leadership and authoritarian styles as mediators
Authors: Sakkar Sudha Kiran , Shahnawaz M. Ghazi
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The present study explored the direct as well as indirect relationships between narcissism personality trait and performance. Two leadership styles (task oriented and authoritarian styles) were identified as possible mediators.

Design/methodology/approach

Narcissism was measured by using Narcissistic Personality Inventory (Ameset al., 2006), performance was measured by performance scale (Greene-Shortridge, 2008). Sinha's leadership scale (Sinha, 2008) was used to measure task-oriented and authoritarian leadership styles. 273 senior-level managers of a big public sector Indian organization participated in the study. SPSS 22 and SmartPLS 2.0 were used to analyze the data.

Findings

Correlation result shows that narcissism personality trait was positively related to authoritarian leadership style and negatively to task-oriented leadership style, task performance and teamwork dimensions of performance. Task-oriented leadership style mediated the relationship between narcissism and task performance and teamwork more than the authoritarian leadership style.

Originality/value

The study attempts to empirically test the behavioral manifestation of narcissism personality trait as positive or negative and has considered the whole measure of performance which has not been previously explored. Practical implications were also highlighted beside the theoretical concerns.
The relationship between abusive supervision and employee's reaction: the job demands-resources model perspective
Authors: Huang Liang-Chih , Lin Cheng-Chen , Lu Szu-Chi
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Based on the job demands-resources model, the present study proposes viewing abusive supervision as one type of job demand causing employees' emotional exhaustion, which results in psychological withdrawal behavior. In addition, job crafting can be viewed as a means to acquire job resources, and it buffers the influence of abusive supervision on employees' emotional exhaustion. Moreover, the present study also proposes the moderating effect of job crafting on abusive supervision and psychological withdrawal behavior will be mediated by emotional exhaustion.

Design/methodology/approach

Considering the issue of common method variance, data were not only collected in a multi-temporal research design but also tested by Harman's one-factor test. In addition, a series of confirmatory factor analyses was conducted to ensure the discriminant validity of measures. The moderated mediation hypotheses were tested on a sample of 267 participants.

Findings

The process model analysis showed that emotional exhaustion partially mediates the relationship between abusive supervision and psychological withdrawal behavior. Moreover, job crafting buffers the detrimental effect of abusive supervision on emotional exhaustion, and the less exhausted employees exhibit less psychological withdrawal behavior than those exhausted.

Originality/value

This study proposed a moderated mediation model to examine how and when abusive supervision leads to more employees' psychological withdrawal behaviors, and found that emotional exhaustion is one potential mechanism and job crafting is one potential moderator. Specifically, it was revealed that employees view abusive supervision as a kind of social and organizational aspect of job demands which will exacerbate emotional exhaustion, and, in turn, lead to more psychological withdrawal behavior. However, when employees view themselves as job crafter, they can adopt various job crafting behaviors to decrease the emotional exhaustion, and thus less psychological withdrawal behavior.
Photographic records of plant phenology and spring river flush timing in a river lowland ecosystem at the taiga–tundra boundary, northeastern Siberia
Authors: Morozumi Tomoki , Sugimoto Atsuko , Suzuki Rikie , Nagai Shin , Kobayashi Hideki , Tei Shunsuke , Takano Shinya , Shakhmatov Ruslan , Maximov Trofim
Published: April 2020

Arctic terrestrial ecosystems near the treeline in river lowlands are vulnerable to the changing climate and seasonal extreme events, including flooding. We set up a simple camera monitoring system to record the timings and durations of the leafy period and the spring flush of river water at three observation sites (Boydom [B]: 70.64°N, 148.15°E; Kodac [K]:70.56°N, 148.26°E; Verkhny‐Khatistakh [VK]:70.25°N,147.47°E) in the Indigirka lowland, in Northeastern Siberia. Time‐lapse digital cameras were located at seven points across the three sites. The time intervals were 1–4 or 24 hours. The minimum and maximum monitoring periods were 2 years (July 2016 to August 2018) at B and 5 years (August 2013 to July 2018) at K. One camera documented the timings of river ice melt and open water periods from the riverbank of the Kryvaya River, one of the small tributaries of the Indigirka River. The other six cameras recorded several types of ground cover typical of the area, including larch trees (Larix cajanderi), shrubs (including Salix spp. and Betula nana), forbs, mosses and graminoids in an ecosystem of sparsely forested shrublands, wetlands and riversides. The data consists of 45,617 JPEG‐format images. This dataset can be used to detect the onset and offset of the growing season and to capture the ice melt timing and water cover periods in wetlands and riversides. It may be useful in validating satellite data such as the vegetation remote sensing index for remote and little‐known areas. These data may contribute to the study of the role of high‐latitude ecosystems in global climate changes.

The complete data set for this abstract published in the Data Paper section of the journal is available in electronic format in MetaCat in JaLTER at http://db.cger.nies.go.jp/JaLTER/metacat/metacat/ERDP-2020-02.1/jalter-en. [Correction added on 7 September 2020, after first online publication: JaLTER URL has been updated.]
EROS, c'est la vie
Authors: Harris Steven
Published: April 2020

The Exposition inteRnatiOnale du Surréalisme, or EROS, which took place in Paris between December 1959 and February 1960, was focused on the origins of art in the erotic drives, and was oriented implicitly to its contemporary moment in regard to the censorship of political and sexual material in the Fifth Republic. The exhibition is examined in relation to issues of hybridity, encounter, ritual, and the destabilization of identities, using Nora Mitrani's definition of scandal as a mixing of categories. Robert Rauschenberg's and Jasper Johns's works in the exhibition are discussed in light of these issues, as is a photograph by William Klein of the surrealist group in the precincts of the exhibition, for the French edition of Vogue.
Comovement of dairy product futures and firm value: returns and volatility
Authors: Leung Henry , Furfaro Frank
Published: April 2020

This study investigates the exposure of dairy firm stock prices to the prices of dairy product futures, in terms of returns and volatility, from May 2013 to April 2018. Stock price returns are regressed against an index of the futures price returns to four dairy products – milk, cheese, butter and dry whey – to isolate the effects of the dairy futures price returns. Dairy product futures price returns are found to be significant in the regression in the first three years of the sample period, with a mean coefficient of −0.024. Using the Diebold‐Yilmaz volatility spillover method of forecast error variance decomposition, we show that the volatility of the four dairy product futures accounted for an average of 5.49 per cent of the volatility of dairy stock prices. These results suggest that the prices of dairy firms have minimal exposure to dairy product futures prices. This has implications for dairy firms and investors, who seek to understand volatility and returns in the dairy products and the stocks they trade in, and for policymakers, who seek to control or mitigate undesirable dairy product price volatility.
Extraction of bioactive compounds from purple corn using emerging technologies: A review
Authors: Cristianini Marcelo , Guillén Sánchez Jhoseline Stayce
Published: April 2020

The increase in the use of bioactive compounds from purple corn in the food and pharmaceutical industries has led to the investigation of nonconventional extraction technologies that allow one to obtain more of these compounds. In this context, nonconventional techniques, known as emerging technologies, use more efficient processes that are safe for the environment, in addition to obtaining products with better functional characteristics as compared to those obtained by conventional technologies. This review aims to provide information on different nonconventional techniques used in the extraction of bioactive compounds from purple corn.
Novel biomarkers for prediction of outcome in hip fracture patients—An exploratory study
Authors: Jonsson Magnus H. , Hommel Ami , Todorova Lizbet , Melander Olle , Bentzer Peter
Published: April 2020

Background

Little is known about the value of biomarkers for prognostication in hip fracture patients. The main objective of the present study was to assess if biomarkers add useful information to an existing risk score for prediction of 30‐day mortality in patients suffering from out of hospital hip fractures.

Methods

In a prospective observational single centre study, association between plasma concentration of ninety‐two biomarkers at admission and 30‐day mortality was analysed using logistic regression adjusted for risk factors included in Nottingham Hip Fracture Score (NHFS). Biomarkers associated with the outcome in the adjusted analysis were further evaluated by calculating the net reclassification improvement (NRI) and the change in area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) relative to the NHFS.

Results

997 patients were included. Sixty‐two patients died within 30 days (6.2%). Eleven biomarkers were associated with 30‐day mortality in adjusted analysis. Of these biomarkers Growth Differentiation Factor‐15 (GDF‐15) had NRI for the primary outcome (12.1%; 95% CI: 1.2‐23.3) and Carbohydrate Antigen 125 (CA‐125) improved the AUC relative to NHFS (improvement: 0.05; 95% CI: 0.01‐0.10, P = .027). Both CA‐125 and GDF‐15 improved the AUC for a composite outcome of 30‐day mortality and cardiovascular complications.

Conclusions

Adding GDF‐15 or CA‐125 to the Nottingham Hip Fracture Score improves the discrimination with regard to predicting 30‐day mortality and may help to identify a subgroup of hip fracture patients with a particularly poor prognosis. The value of these biomarkers should be explored in further studies to confirm clinical utility.
B‐Lines for the assessment of extravascular lung water: Just focused or semi‐quantitative?
Authors: Seibel Armin , Zechner Peter M. , Berghold Andrea , Holter Magdalena , Braß Patrick , Michels Guido , Leister Nicolas , Gemes Geza , Donauer Reinmar , Giebler Reiner M. , Sakka Samir G.
Published: April 2020

Background

B‐lines as typical artefacts of lung ultrasound are considered as surrogate measurement for extravascular lung water. However, B‐lines develop in the sub‐pleural space and do not allow assessment of the whole lung. Here, we present data from the first observational multi‐centre study focusing on the correlation between a B‐lines score and extravascular lung water in critically ill patients suffering from a variety of diseases.

Patients and Methods

In 184 adult patients, 443 measurements were obtained. B‐lines were counted and expressed in a score which was compared to extravascular lung water, measured by single‐indicator transpulmonary thermodilution. Appropriate correlation coefficients were calculated and receiver operating characteristics (ROC‐) curves were plotted.

Results

Overall, B‐lines score was correlated with body weight‐indexed extravascular lung water characterized by r = .59. The subgroup analysis revealed a correlation coefficient in patients without an infection of r = .44, in those with a pulmonary infection of r = .75 and in those with an abdominal infection of r = .23, respectively. Using ROC‐analysis the sensitivity and specificity of B‐lines for detecting an increased extravascular lung water (>10 mL/kg) was 63% and 79%, respectively. In patients with a P/F ratio <200 mm Hg, sensitivity and specificity to predict an increased extravascular lung water was 71% and 93%, respectively.

Conclusions

Assessment of B‐lines does not accurately reflect actual extravascular lung water. In presence of an impaired oxygenation, B‐lines may reliably indicate increased extravascular lung water as cause of the oxygenation disorders.
Interactions between reinforcement history and drug‐primed reinstatement: Studies with MDPV and mixtures of MDPV and caffeine
Authors: Doyle Michelle R. , Sulima Agnieszka , Rice Kenner C. , Collins Gregory T.
Published: April 2020

Many drugs of abuse are mixed with other psychoactive substances (e.g., caffeine) prior to their sale or use. Synthetic cathinones (e.g., 3,4‐methylenedioxypyrovalerone [MDPV]) are commonly mixed with caffeine or other cathinones (e.g., 3,4‐methylenedioxy‐N‐methylcathinone [methylone]), and these “bath salts” mixtures (e.g., MDPV + caffeine) can exhibit supra‐additive interactions with regard to their reinforcing and discriminative stimulus properties. However, little is known about relapse‐related effects of drug mixtures. In these studies, male Sprague–Dawley rats self‐administered 0.032 mg/kg/inf MDPV or a mixture of MDPV + caffeine (0.029 + 0.66 mg/kg/inf, respectively) and then underwent multiple rounds of extinction and reinstatement testing to evaluate the influence of reinforcement history and drug‐associated stimuli on the effectiveness of saline (drug‐paired stimuli alone), MDPV (0.032–1.0 mg/kg), caffeine (1.0–32 mg/kg), and mixtures of MDPV:caffeine (in 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3 ratios, relative to each drug's ED50) to reinstate responding. Dose‐addition analyses were used to determine the nature of the drug–drug interaction for each mixture. MDPV and caffeine dose‐dependently reinstated responding and were equally effective, regardless of reinforcement history. Most fixed ratio mixtures of MDPV + caffeine exhibited supra‐additive interactions, reinstating responding to levels greater than was observed with caffeine and/or MDPV alone. Drug‐associated stimuli also played a key role in reinstating responding, especially for caffeine. Together, these results demonstrate that the composition of drug mixtures can impact relapse‐related effects of drug mixtures, and “bath salts” mixtures (MDPV + caffeine) may be more effective at promoting relapse‐related behaviors than the constituents alone. Further research is needed to determine how other polysubstance reinforcement histories can impact relapse‐related behaviors.
Climate change, mean sea levels, wetland decline and the survival of the critically endangered Capricorn Yellow Chat
Authors: Houston Wayne A. , Elder Rod , Black Robert L. , Shearer Damon , Harte Michael , Hammond Andy
Published: April 2020

An isolated population of ~30 Capricorn Yellow Chats (Epthianura crocea macgregori) (Aves: Meliphagidae) occurs on a grassy marine plain (~4000 ha) with complex fresh to hypersaline wetlands bordering unvegetated salt flats and mangroves, the majority less than 2 m above mean sea level (MSL). While there are several species of sedge on the marine plain, only one, a tall salt‐tolerant sedge, Schoenoplectus subulatus, regularly provides tall cover and nesting habitat on the marine plain. Comparison of vegetation data between 2002 and 2018 at four breeding sites showed a loss of S. subulatus at two of the sites in conjunction with persistent extreme hypersalinity. In contrast, sites where S. subulatus recovered had elevated salinity levels coinciding with a drought in 2005–2008, but subsequently returning to pre‐drought levels. Concomitant with the loss of S. subulatus was a substantial decline in Capricorn Yellow Chat abundance. Possible drivers of persistent hypersalinity were an increase in sea level and consequent greater tidal ingress. The two most severely affected sites were relatively close to tidal influence and low points in the landscape. Evaluation of MSL data showed that habitat decline from 2002 to 2018 occurred over a period in which sea level rose by ~80 mm. While it is recognised that other variables are important, this study indicates that if sea‐level rise continues at the 2011–2017 rate of ~8.3 mm per annum, the Curtis Island marine plain will become unsuitable for Capricorn Yellow Chats in the next 60 years or less. Sixty years is likely to be a conservative estimate given that sea‐level rise rates are projected to increase further, as are the influence of more extreme weather events such as drought and storm surges on persistence of key vegetation. Ramifications for other Capricorn Yellow Chat sites and marine plain‐dependent fauna such as shorebirds also need consideration.
Disseminated phaeohyphomycosis caused by Cyphellophora ludoviensis: A novel case report from Iran
Authors: Layegh Pouran , Tayyebi Meibodi Naser , Razmyar Mohammad , Taghizadeh‐Armaki Mojtaba , Zarrinfar Hossein
Published: April 2020

Disseminated phaeohyphomycosis is a rare and unusual infection that can be caused by dematiaceous fungi. Cyphellophora is an uncommon aetiological agent of cutaneous and systemic fungal infections. This study describes a case of disseminated phaeohyphomycosis caused by C. ludoviensis in Iran. The molecular identification of the isolates was established by DNA sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA. The patient was successfully treated with an 8‐month course of systemic voriconazole.
Reciprocal expression of trefoil factor‐1 and thyroid transcription factor‐1 in lung adenocarcinomas
Authors: Matsubara Daisuke , Yoshimoto Taichiro , Soda Manabu , Amano Yusuke , Kihara Atsushi , Funaki Toko , Ito Takeshi , Sakuma Yuji , Shibano Tomoki , Endo Shunsuke , Hagiwara Koichi , Ishikawa Shumpei , Fukayama Masashi , Murakami Yoshinori , Mano Hiroyuki , Niki Toshiro
Published: April 2020

Molecular targeted therapies against EGFR and ALK have improved the quality of life of lung adenocarcinoma patients. However, targetable driver mutations are mainly found in thyroid transcription factor‐1 (TTF‐1)/NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2‐1)‐positive terminal respiratory unit (TRU) types and rarely in non‐TRU types. To elucidate the molecular characteristics of the major subtypes of non‐TRU‐type adenocarcinomas, we analyzed 19 lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (11 TRU types and 8 non‐TRU types). A characteristic of non‐TRU‐type cell lines was the strong expression of TFF‐1 (trefoil factor‐1), a gastric mucosal protective factor. An immunohistochemical analysis of 238 primary lung adenocarcinomas resected at Jichi Medical University Hospital revealed that TFF‐1 was positive in 31 cases (13%). Expression of TFF‐1 was frequently detected in invasive mucinous (14/15, 93%), enteric (2/2, 100%), and colloid (1/1, 100%) adenocarcinomas, less frequent in acinar (5/24, 21%), papillary (7/120, 6%), and solid (2/43, 5%) adenocarcinomas, and negative in micropapillary (0/1, 0%), lepidic (0/23, 0%), and microinvasive adenocarcinomas or adenocarcinoma in situ (0/9, 0%). Expression of TFF‐1 correlated with the expression of HNF4‐α and MUC5AC (P < .0001, P < .0001, respectively) and inversely correlated with that of TTF‐1/NKX2‐1 (P < .0001). These results indicate that TFF‐1 is characteristically expressed in non‐TRU‐type adenocarcinomas with gastrointestinal features. The TFF‐1‐positive cases harbored KRAS mutations at a high frequency, but no EGFR or ALK mutations. Expression of TFF‐1 correlated with tumor spread through air spaces, and a poor prognosis in advanced stages. Moreover, the knockdown of TFF‐1 inhibited cell proliferation and soft‐agar colony formation and induced apoptosis in a TFF‐1‐high and KRAS‐mutated lung adenocarcinoma cell line. These results indicate that TFF‐1 is not only a biomarker, but also a potential molecular target for non‐TRU‐type lung adenocarcinomas.
Aboriginal parents' experiences of having their children removed by statutory child protection services
Authors: Newton BJ
Published: April 2020

The number of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children living in out‐of‐home care has more than doubled in the past decade. Research into the experiences of parents who have had their children removed is an emerging area; though very few of these studies are specific to Indigenous children and families. This paper presents a participatory research study that explored the experiences of a group of Aboriginal Australian parents who have had their children removed by child protection authorities in one Australian state, New South Wales. This paper highlights the challenges for Indigenous families navigating the child protection system, specifically the ongoing experience of feeling powerless following the removal of their children, and in creating environments that maintain quality relationships with their children. The paper then offers suggestions for supporting families in light of the findings.
Computer‐aided learning for managing stress: A feasibility trial with clinical high risk adolescents and young adults
Authors: Woodberry Kristen A. , Chokran Cole , Johnson Kelsey A. , Nuechterlein Keith H. , Miklowitz David J. , Faraone Stephen V. , Seidman Larry J.
Published: April 2020

Aim

The peak onset of psychotic disorders occurs during adolescence and early adulthood, yet treatments for youth at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis are generally designed for adults. CHR youth, despite poor academic and social engagement, spend hours each day playing complicated videogames. The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of integrating biofeedback and cooperative videogame play within family therapy as a means of engaging and enhancing this population's resilience.

Methods

We conducted a feasibility trial of an innovative 12‐week family therapy for CHR ages 12–30 (clinicaltrials.gov NCT02531243). We report feasibility outcomes and preliminary effect sizes for pre‐post changes and youth‐parent differences.

Results

Of 88 individuals referred to the centre who met age and CHR criteria, 11 (13%) youth‐parent pairs met full criteria and engaged in treatment. Ten (91%) completed at least six sessions. Youth found CALMS initially credible, but parents tended to find it more credible and to be more satisfied over time. Surprisingly, parents reported a better game experience than youth. As a group, youth and parent participants reported experiencing reduced stress and perceiving each other as less critical by the end of treatment. Youth were rated as having significantly improved social, but not role or global functioning by the end of treatment.

Conclusions

Multiuser videogames may have a role to play in engaging youth at risk for psychosis in therapy and reducing stress and familial risk factors. A number of key developments are needed to enhance the appeal, effectiveness and practicality of this approach.
Dos and don'ts when inferring assembly rules from diversity patterns
Authors: Münkemüller Tamara , Gallien Laure , Pollock Laura J. , Barros Ceres , Carboni Marta , Chalmandrier Loïc , Mazel Florent , Mokany Karel , Roquet Cristina , Smyčka Jan , Talluto Matthew V. , Thuiller Wilfried
Published: April 2020

Aim

More than ever, ecologists seek to understand how species are distributed and have assembled into communities using the “filtering framework”. This framework is based on the hypothesis that local assemblages result from a series of abiotic and biotic filters applied to regional species pools and that these filters leave predictable signals in observed diversity patterns. In theory, statistical comparisons of expected and observed patterns enable data‐driven tests of assembly processes. However, so far this framework has fallen short in delivering generalizable conclusions, challenging whether (and how) diversity patterns can be used to characterize and understand underlying assembly processes better.

Methods

By synthesizing the previously raised critiques and suggested solutions in a comprehensive way, we identify 10 pitfalls that can lead to flawed interpretations of α‐diversity patterns, summarize solutions developed to circumvent these pitfalls and provide general guidelines.

Results

We find that most issues arise from an overly simplistic view of potential processes that influence diversity patterns, which is often motivated by practical constraints on study design, focal scale and methodology. We outline solutions for each pitfall, such as methods spanning over spatial, environmental or phylogenetic scales, and suggest guidelines for best scientific practices in community ecology. Among key future challenges are the integration of mechanistic modelling and multi‐trophic interactions.

Main conclusions

Our conclusion is that the filtering framework still holds promise, but only if researchers successfully navigate major pitfalls, foster the integration of mechanistic modelling and multi‐trophic interactions and directly account for uncertainty in their conclusions.
Performance of the pattern‐based interpretation of p53 immunohistochemistry as a surrogate for TP53 mutations in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kortekaas Kim E , Solleveld‐Westerink Nienke , Tessier‐Cloutier Basile , Rutten Tessa A , Poelgeest Mariëtte I E , Gilks C Blake , Hoang Lien N , Bosse Tjalling
Published: April 2020

Aims

The most commonly mutated gene in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) is TP53 and its prognostic value, particularly in HPV‐independent VSCC, is uncertain. In other tumours, p53 immunohistochemistry (IHC) is an excellent surrogate marker for TP53 mutations. In order to study this in VSCC, we assigned six p53 IHC patterns into two final classes: ‘wild‐type’ or ‘mutant’. We determined the performance and interobserver variability of this pattern‐based p53 IHC approach.

Methods and results

Two experienced gynaecological pathologists scored the predefined p53 IHC patterns of 59 VSCC, independently and blinded for molecular data. Agreement was calculated by Cohen's kappa. All disagreements regarding p53 IHC patterns were resolved by a consensus meeting. After DNA isolation, the presence of pathogenic TP53 variants was determined by next‐generation sequencing (NGS). Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of p53 IHC as a surrogate marker for TP53 mutation status were calculated. Initial p53 IHC pattern interpretation showed substantial agreement between both observers (k = 0.71, P < 0.001). After consensus, 18 cases (30.5%) were assigned a final p53 IHC class as TP53 wild‐type and 41 cases (69.5%) as mutant. The accuracy between the p53 IHC class and TP53 mutation status, after the consensus meeting, was 96.6%. Moreover, the sensitivity and specificity were high 95.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 82.9–99.1% and 100% (95% CI = 75.9–100%)].

Conclusions

Pattern‐based p53 IHC classification is highly reproducible among experienced gynaecological pathologists and accurately reflects TP53 mutations in VSCC. This approach to p53 IHC interpretation offers guidance and provides necessary clarity for resolving the proposed prognostic relevance of final p53 IHC class within HPV‐independent VSCC.
Prion disease in Indigenous Australians
Authors: Panegyres Peter K. , Stehmann Christiane , Klug Genevieve M. , Masters Colin L. , Collins Steven
Published: April 2020

Background

Indigenous Australians are at increased risk of developing dementia – Alzheimer disease and mixed dementia diagnoses are the most common. While prion diseases have been reported in Indigenous peoples of Papua New Guinea and the United States, the occurrence and phenotype of prion disease in Indigenous Australians is hitherto unreported.

Aim

To report the incidence rate and clinical phenotype of Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (CJD) in Indigenous Australians.

Method

Crude sporadic CJD (sCJD) incidence rates and indirect age standardisation of all CJD were assessed to calculate the standardised mortality ratio (SMR) of the Indigenous Australian population in comparison to the all‐resident Australian population, along with analysis of clinical phenotypes.

Results

We report an illustrative case of an Indigenous Australian from regionally remote Western Australia dying from typical 'probable' sCJD 2 months after disease onset, with Australian National CJD Registry (ANCJDR) surveillance overall demonstrating eight Indigenous Australians dying from sCJD (five post‐mortem confirmed, three classified as 'probable') with a clinical phenotype similar to non‐indigenous people, including median age at death of 61 years (interquartile range IQR = 16 years) and median duration of illness of 3 months (IQR = 1.6 months). Indigenous Australians with sCJD were geographically dispersed throughout Australia. The calculated overall crude annual rate of sCJD in Indigenous Australians compared to the remainder of the Australian population was not significantly different (0–3.87/million for Indigenous Australians; 0.94–1.83/million for non‐indigenous). The overall indirect age‐standardised CJD mortality ratio for the indigenous population for the years 2006–2018 was 1.49 (95% CI, 0.75–2.98), also not significantly different to the all‐resident Australian population.

Conclusion

CJD occurs in Indigenous Australians with clinical phenotype and occurrence rates similar to non‐Indigenous Australians. These findings contrast with a previous report where the incidence rate of CJD in a non‐Australian indigenous population was reported to be decreased.
Understanding cough in interstitial lung disease: a cross‐sectional study on the adequacy of treatment
Authors: Lan Norris S. H. , Moore Irene , Lake Fiona
Published: April 2020

Background

Cough is a common symptom in interstitial lung disease (ILD), often leading to treatment dissatisfaction for patients and physicians.

Aim

To identify the prevalence and subjective adequacy of control of cough in patients with ILD.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study of patients with ILD attending a tertiary ILD clinic in Perth was undertaken using a pre‐designed questionnaire that patients were invited to complete when attending clinic. Cough severity and impact on quality of life were assessed using a visual analogue scale and the validated Leicester cough questionnaire. Participants were asked to list triggers of their cough and strategies or medications trialled to control cough.

Results

Of 164 respondents, 118 (72%) had cough, with prevalence common in all ILD subtypes. A lower forced vital capacity (FVC) was found in the cough group versus non‐cough group (74.6 ± 18.7 vs 87.0 ± 15.9, P‐value < 0.0001). Common reported triggers were lung irritants, exertion and doing routine daily activities. Avoidance of triggers was a common strategy to control cough. A high prevalence of non‐ILD causes of cough was recorded in both groups. A variety of medications had been trialled, including anti‐fibrotics, immunosuppression drugs, inhalers and proton pump inhibitors, with moderate benefit reported by 18% of participants.

Conclusions

Cough is prevalent in ILD but is not adequately suppressed. Cough has a significant impact on quality of life, leading patients to adopt their own strategies to control their cough. More research is needed to understand cough mechanisms in ILD and the interplay of other potential co‐pathologies.
Visual short‐term memory for overtly attended objects during infancy
Authors: Beckner Aaron G. , Cantrell Lisa M. , DeBolt Michaela C. , Martinez Marisa , Luck Steven J. , Oakes Lisa M.
Published: April 2020

We investigated limitations in young infants’ visual short‐term memory (VSTM). We used a one‐shot change detection task to ask whether 4‐ and 8.5‐month‐old infants (N = 59) automatically encode fixated items in VSTM. Our task included trials that consisted of the following sequence: first a brief (500 ms) presentation with a sample array of two items, next a brief (300 ms) delay period with a blank screen, and finally a test array (2,000 ms) identical to the sample array except that the color of one of the two items is changed. In Experiment 1, we induced infants to fixate one item by rotating it during the sample (the other item remained stationary). In Experiment 2, none of the items rotated. In both experiments, 4‐month‐old infants looked equally at the fixated item when it did and did not change color, providing no evidence that they encoded in VSTM the fixated item. In contrast, 8.5‐month‐old infants in Experiment 1 preferred the fixated item when it changed color from sample to test. Thus, 4‐month‐old infants do not appear to automatically encode fixated items in VSTM.
Root canal conicity estimation of primary maxillary central and lateral incisors—A study by Nano‐CT
Authors: Torres-Ramos Gilmer , Lucisano Marília Pacífico , Blanco-Victorio Daniel Jose , Ramírez‐Sotelo Laura Ricardina , Nelson‐Filho Paulo , Silva Raquel Assed Bezerra , Silva Lea Assed Bezerra
Published: April 2020

Aim

The objective of the study was to estimate the conicity of the root canals of maxillary central and lateral incisors by computed nanotomography (Nano‐CT).

Design

This in vitro study included nine extracted primary maxillary central incisors and 12 maxillary lateral incisors, which were subjected to Nano‐CT analysis. The resulting images of each tooth were reconstructed using the OnDemand3D software, and root canal area, volume, and taper analysis were performed using the free FreeCAD 0.18 software for the 3D computer‐aided design (CAD) model. Data were statistically analysed using the Stata v14.0 software, adopting a significance level of 5%.

Results

The results presented the mean value of the diameter and area of the root canal of primary central and lateral incisors. In addition, the taper values for both dental groups between points D0‐D5, D5‐D7, and D7‐D10 were determined. Considering the diameters obtained over the entire length of the root, with a length of 12 mm, a conical model was constructed.

Conclusion

Detailed knowledge of root morphology of maxillary central and lateral incisors of primary dentition by means of Nano‐CT is important to achieve faster, more accurate, and efficient endodontic treatments.
Pigmented purpuric dermatosis in children: a retrospective cohort with emphasis on treatment and outcomes
Authors: Ollech A. , Paller A.S. , Kruse L. , Kenner‐Bell B. , Chamlin S. , Wagner A. , Shen L. , Yousif R. , Balmert L.C. , Mancini A.J.
Published: April 2020

Background

Data regarding the course and treatment of pigmented purpuric dermatoses (PPD) in the paediatric population are limited. Although treatments for pigmented purpura are not well established, vitamin C and rutoside have been reported to be an effective treatment option and are widely utilized.

Objective

To assess the clinical course and utility of vitamin C and rutoside in paediatric patients with PPD treated at Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago between 2008 and 2018.

Methods

A retrospective review of all children with PPD managed at our hospital between 2008 and 2018 was performed. Additional follow‐up was obtained via telephone interviews.

Results

A total of 101 patients met inclusion criteria. The female: male ratio was 1.3 : 1, and the median age at diagnosis was 8.8 years (IQR, 5.7–12.9). Median follow‐up was 7.13 months (IQR, 3–17.4). The most common PPD subtypes were lichen aureus (43%) and Schamberg (34%). Fifty‐three (52%) patients had evaluable follow‐up documentation via their medical record or phone questionnaire. Twenty‐eight patients were treated with vitamin C or rutoside or combination therapy. Twenty‐five patients received no treatment. Clearance of the rash was noted in 24 (45.3%) patients overall, including 10 (42%) patients in the treated group and 14 (58%) patients in the untreated group. Recurrence was noted in seven (13.2%) patients. Treatment with vitamin C and/or rutoside was well tolerated without side effects. None of the patients were subsequently diagnosed with vasculitis, coagulopathy or cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma.

Conclusion

Pigmented purpuric dermatosis in children is a benign disorder with high rates of complete resolution. Treatment with vitamin C and rutoside is well tolerated, but in this cohort, there did not appear to be an advantage over watchful waiting without therapy.
Campylobacteriosis, consumer's risk perception, and knowledge associated with domestic poultry handling in Ireland
Authors: Myintzaw Peter , Moran Fintan , Jaiswal Amit K.
Published: April 2020

Campylobacter is the chief cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in developed countries and poultry is considered as the main cause of infection. Nonetheless, of extensive scientific efforts to exterminate the Campylobacter and numerous measures currently implemented, it has not been successful to provide Campylobacter‐free poultry. Therefore, this study aimed to depict the level of perceived risk and identify the target groups who exhibit particularly unsafe behavior by surveying the general public residing in Ireland. A total of 1,171 participants from all over the Republic of Ireland contributed to the survey. Result reveals that a substantial number of consumers still lacks awareness. Not more than 9.5% were very knowledgeable, that is, those who attained 70% passing score and 30.7% attain a score between 50 and 70%. A total of 40.2% overall pass rate. Significant differences were found in their risk perception and gender (p ≤ .05), age (p ≤ .05), and education level (p ≤ .05). This study observed that male, age between 18 and 25 with primary or no qualification and living alone are the group who exhibit particularly unsafe behavior when preparing poultry and are require most in risk communication effort. By informing, elevating the awareness, and affirming the severity of the risk to the consumer, subsequently, the incidents of Campylobacteriosis can be reduced in the Irish population.
Tobacco smoking: the likely confounder of the association between heart diseases and suicide
Authors: Aubin H.‐J. , Legleye S. , Thomas D. , Berlin I.
Published: April 2020

Click here to view the Original Article by Petersen et al
Dimensional Changes of Yttria‐stabilized Zirconia under Different Preparation Designs and Sintering Protocols
Authors: Ahmed Walaa Magdy , Troczynski Tom , Stojkova Biljana Jonoska , McCullagh Anthony P. , Wyatt Chris C. , Carvalho Ricardo Marins
Published: April 2020

Purpose

To evaluate the linear and volumetric dimensional changes that occur throughout the fabrication process of monolithic 4.5‐6% yttria‐stabilized zirconia copings under the influence of different preparation designs and two sintering protocols.

Materials and Methods

A titanium master die was fabricated using Atlantis core file implant‐abutment. Six copings were designed virtually according to different finish line offsets and coping thicknesses, with four equidistant occlusal posts for linear measurements. Zirconia copings were milled using IPS e.max ZirCAD LT zirconia blanks. The experimental groups according to the coping designs were the following: G1: 0.5 mm finish line offset, 0.5 mm thickness; G2: 0.5 mm finish line offset, 1.0 mm thickness; G3: 0.5 mm finish line offset, 1.5 mm thickness; G4: 1.2 mm finish line offset, 0.5 mm thickness; G5: 1.2 mm finish line offset, 1.0 mm thickness; G6: 1.2 mm finish line offset, 1.5 mm thickness. Six samples per group were sintered by standard sintering (SS) and the other six by fast sintering (FS). Linear and volumetric measurements were taken at the three fabrication stages (virtual design, milling stage, and sintering) by using an intraoral scanner and imported as the .stl file to Meshmixer software for analysis. Statistical analysis was performed by a linear mixed effect model via statistical software R (R Core team, 2018).

Results

There was a significant interaction between the coping design group, stage of fabrication and sintering protocol on the linear (F = 4.451, p < 0.001) and volumetric (F = 2.716; p < 0.001) dimensional changes. Standard sintering G1 showed the smallest linear and dimensional changes among the groups compared to the reference design. Sintered copings had shrunk on average 1.32% within SS and 1.54% within FS linearly and 3.82% within SS and 3.90% within FS volumetrically compared to the initial design parameters.

Conclusion

The linear and volumetric dimensional changes did not differ significantly between standard and fast sintering protocols, and the preparation designs had more influence on the dimensional changes compared to sintering protocols.
Phenotypic expression of floral traits in hybrid zones provides insights into their genetic architecture
Authors: Scopece Giovanni , Palma‐Silva Clarisse , Cafasso Donata , Lexer Christian , Cozzolino Salvatore
Published: April 2020

Information on the genetic architecture of phenotypic traits is helpful for constructing and testing models of the ecoevolutionary dynamics of natural populations. For plant groups with long life cycles there is a lack of line cross experiments that can unravel the genetic architecture of loci underlying quantitative traits.

To fill this gap, we propose the use of variation for phenotypic traits expressed in natural hybrid zones as an alternative approach. We used data from orchid hybrid zones and compared expected and observed patterns of phenotypic trait expression in different early‐generation hybrid classes identified by molecular genetic markers.

We found evidence of additivity, dominance, and epistatic interactions for different phenotypic traits.

We discuss the potential of this approach along with its limitations and suggest that it may represent a realistic way to gain an initial insight into the heritability and genomic architecture of traits in organismal groups with complex life history, such as orchids and many others.
EFFECTS OF ROMAN RULE ON THE SETTLEMENT GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH IBERIA: A GIS‐BASED APPROACH
Authors: Moreno Escobar María del Carmen , Ojeda‐Rivera Juan Francisco , García Sanjuán Leonardo
Published: April 2020

In the last years, the matter of the Romanization of Baetica has started to receive more attention, thus reactivating a topic largely assumed to be unproblematic in earlier approaches. Stemming from this interest, the present paper reviews theoretical and methodological approaches applied so far in the study of Roman rule in Baetica, before proposing new conceptualizations, research methods and insights that should clarify the development of this process of cultural change in this province. For this purpose, a GIS‐based approach combining archaeological and geographic data is used to explore the settlement patterns and their diachronic transformation in two designated study areas (west Sierra Morena and Lands of Antequera). This approach provides the basis for a fresh understanding on how the local communities were transformed following the Roman intervention in southern Iberia.
Healthcare teams and patient‐related terminology: a review of concepts and uses
Authors: Flores‐Sandoval Cecilia , Sibbald Shannon , Ryan Bridget L. , Orange Joseph B.
Published: April 2020

Background

Discussions concerning health care teams and patient‐related terminology remain an ongoing debate. Terms such as interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary, as well as interprofessional are ambiguously defined and frequently used, rightly or wrongly, interchangeably. Also, clarification on the terminology regarding patients is rarely explicitly addressed in the health care team’s literature, potentially resulting in confusion among health professional students, novice researchers, and practitioners.

Methods

A structured literature review was conducted. Electronic searches were performed from August 2018 to September 2019 on the following databases: CINHAL, Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, Nursing and Allied Health and JSTOR. The following terms were used: ‘terminology’, ‘team(s)’, ‘nursing’, ‘health’, ‘medical’, ‘education’, ‘interprofessional’, ‘interdisciplinary’, ‘multidisciplinary’, ‘transdisciplinary’, ‘collaboration’, ‘patient’, ‘client’, ‘customer’, ‘user’ and ‘person’.

Results

Small but significant nuances in the use of language and its implications for patient care can be made visible for health professional education and clinical practice. Healthcare is necessarily interdisciplinary and therefore we are obligated, and privileged, to think more critically about the use of terminology to ensure we are supporting high‐quality evidence and knowledge application.

Conclusion

To avoid confusion and lack of consistency in the peer‐review literature, authors should be encouraged to offer brief definitions and the rationale for the use of a particular term or group of term. In addition, a deeper understanding of the values that each patient‐related term represents for particular disciplines or health care professions is essential to achieve a more comprehensive conceptual rigour.