bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
World Scientific Production on Education and COVID 19: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Postigo-Zumarán Julio E. , Carrión Christian Esteban Gómez , Alviar Ruth Asela Saravia , Calderón Milagro Baldemar Quiroz , Arias-Chávez Dennis
Published: January 2022

The objective of this study is to characterize the world scientific production on education and COVID-19 between the months of January 2020 to September 2021. A bibliometric study was carried out in five databases (Scopus, Web of Science, Google Academic, Microsoft Academic and Crossref) from which a universe of 5005 articles was extracted. The bibliometric indicators were analyzed with the help of the Publish or Perish v. 7.19 and the same analytical software of the chosen databases. Regarding the most cited article published in the analyzed databases, the one entitled "Medical Student Education in the Time of COVID-19" stands out, which received 419 citations in the Scopus database, 368 in Web of Science, 442 in Crossref, 870 in Google Scholar and 702 in Microsoft Academic. Regarding the authors with the highest scientific production on the subject, Maria Assuncao Flores stands out with 5 publications on the Web of Science and Francisco José García-Peñalvo with 5 articles indexed in the Scopus database. Regarding the journals with the highest number of articles on education and COVID-19, Sustainability stands out. These results show that the scientific production referring to education and Covid-19 confirms the radical change generated in education at all levels by the pandemic and the increase in scientific production to try to explore and describe the changing situation resulting from the pandemic in education. Regarding the journals with the highest number of articles on education and COVID-19, Sustainability stands out. These results show that the scientific production referring to education and COVID-19 confirms the radical change generated in education at all levels by the pandemic and the increase in scientific production to try to explore and describe the changing situation resulting from the pandemic in education. Regarding the journals with the highest number of articles on education and COVID-19, Sustainability stands out. These results show that the scientific production referring to education and Covid-19 confirms the radical change generated in education at all levels by the pandemic and the increase in scientific production to try to explore and describe the changing situation resulting from the pandemic in education.
Transformation of Commercial Banks and Management of their Sustainable Development
Authors: Maratovna Abdyldaeva Umut , Idirisbekovna Murzalieva Elnura , Kanybekovna Askarova Aynura
Published: January 2022

The article discusses some of the features of the creation and operation of new commercial banks in the Kyrgyz Republic, as well as their development in the context of a pandemic and the EAEU. The National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic is the main regulator and supervisory body of banking in the country, which makes decisions on the admission or non-admission of the bank to the domestic banking market. The legislation of Kyrgyzstan establishes a set of requirements and conditions for the creation of a financial and credit organization. In general, new commercial banks in Kyrgyzstan, fulfilling all the requirements and conditions determined by the current legislation, have, taking into account some specifics, equal rights, obligations and opportunities in comparison with the existing banks. The purpose of the research is to reveal the features of opening new banks and to study their further development in the context of integration processes. Description of the scientific and practical significance of the work. In the process of writing, such research methods as synthesis, analysis, statistical data processing were used. The main results of the research work was that banking is a promising and profitable business, despite this it must constantly introduce innovations and meet modern requirements in the context of the integration of the financial and credit system. The value of the study is that for the first time an attempt was made to generalize the process of creating new banks in the Kyrgyz Republic, the features of the transformation of microcredit companies into a commercial bank. This work can be used as a methodological guide for further research in the field of the credit system, the development of regulatory documents in the field of development of the credit system.
The Effectiveness of Measuring in Supply Chain Operations of E-Marketers
Authors: Nguyen Phu An , Sanyal Dr Shouvik , Nguyen Hat Dang , Bohidar Dr. Chapala , Okeke Augustine , Narawish Chutimon
Published: January 2022

Supply Chain Management (SCM) for automotive manufacturers worldwide is one of the most relevant and dynamic problems. This research aims to analyze factors affecting the strategic efficiency of the supply chain (SPSC) and the OPSC by quantitative and quality research in the automotive industries. The research aims to evaluate the main outcomes, such as checked theories and established levels of buildings between IKCO and Isuzu, as studies in the automotive industry. In total, IKCO and Isuzu businesses received a total of 217 and 201 completed questionnaires. SPSS analyzes Cronbach's Alpha, where all values of Alpha are highly reasonable, also tested the reliability of results. Path analyzes (PA) were engaged in discovering the occasional relationship between variables through multi-regression in PHSA, according to SPSC and OPSC as the key-dependent variables. SPSC and OPSC have been structured, based on the PA methodology, to assess IKCO and Isuzu's distribution chain efficiency. The Maximal Factor Likelihood (ML), used for the study of normality, outliers and composite stability, validity, and evaluating theories of Amos, was the foundation for confirmatory factor analyses (CFA). The qualitative analysis was also conducted to clarify the dimensions and assess the actual condition through interviews and documents. In conclusion, study results show that IT, organizational learning (OL), and product creativity (PRI) have affected the strategic success of the supply chain. However, SPSC has little impact on transformational leadership. In addition, method innovation (PI) and relationship efficiency affected the organizational output of the supply chain (PQ). The SPSC and OPSC have first been studied in the automobile sector. The research difference has been established, and the research center and SCM as the key foundation for automotive producers have been recognized.
The Impact of Financial Crisis in Iraq on Iraqi Banking Performance: Analytical Study
Authors: Rahi Mohamed Ghali , Faraj Sadiq Toma Rahi
Published: January 2022

Financial crises are factors and indicators reflected in banking performance in general, and it is known that the Iraqi economy is a rent economy with distinction. It is undoubtedly suffering from the financial crises associated with the world oil market, meager prices, as 98% of Iraq's budget revenues depend on oil revenues. This research Aims to Find out the reflection of the financial crises on the Iraqi banking performance (2008-2019). It studied the causes of the financial crisis in Iraq and provoked the financial crisis on the performance of the Iraqi banking system and to know the effects of crises related to fluctuations in oil prices. They are reflected in the budget deficit and indebtedness and reflect the indicators of banking performance represented by bank credit, bank deposits, banking investment. The results show the presence of a Knowledge gap on the interpretation of the nature of the relationship between the variables of the study represented by the independent variable financial crisis and its indicators (oil prices, budget deficit, indebtedness) and variable subordinate banking performance and indicators (bank credit, bank investment, bank deposits). So we should pay attention to indicators of the financial crisis and study the causes of crises that can protect the banking system from falling into crises and financial problems to improve services provided to customers and thus improve banking performance. Show Search results that Effect Indicators of the financial crisis in Iraq (public debt' oil revenues) was significant on bank credit while not proving the significance of the budget deficit on bank credit. Also, Results show moan Effect Crisis indicators (public debt, budget deficit) significantly impact banking investment. However, the significance of oil revenues on banking investment has not been proven. The results also show the effects of the indicators of the oil revenue crisis were significant on bank deposits. At the same time, the significance of the crisis indicators has not been proven Budget deficit, indebtedness on bank deposits.
Improving Security and Privacy for Health Information and Images
Authors: Abdulhameed Islam Sami , Al-Mejibli Intisar , Naif Jolan Rokan
Published: January 2022

Recently, the wireless devices and information technology have been evolved greatly and used in many sectors such as health and military. Employing these technologies in health system require to transmitting the patient’s information over the Internet. Hence, there is an urgent need to provide a high degree of security and privacy for patient information. This paper presents new encryption method to protect the information that are transmitted and stored in electronic health records (EHR) with maintaining its privacy. The proposal employs AES and ECC algorithms for security purpose and HMAC-SHA3 algorithm for privacy purpose. The suggested strategy was applied in different stages. ECC algorithm had been used to provides very fast key generation, and fast key agreement. A different key is generated for each session where both sender and receiver has the ability to generate the same private key. The obtained results show high level of security in both ends(Sender & receiver) as they have the role of encryption and decoding according to the query. The results were analyzed and tested according to the NIST test group and thirteen steps have been successfully passed.
It’s Fraud! Application of Machine Learning Techniques for Detection of Fraudulent Digital Advertising
Authors: Mathur Snigdha , Daniel Sunita
Published: January 2022

Due to the on-going COVID-19 pandemic, industries are heavily reliant on online meeting platforms. The pandemic has forced most MNCs to rely on online platforms such as Zoom or Microsoft Teams to hold daily business meetings and even conferences and other corporate events. Schools and other educational institutions have also been forced to conduct classes and all other events through these platforms. This increased unavoidable dependence on online platforms has resulted in an exponential increase in advertising fraud. Advertising fraud is the application of any method or technology that hampers the proper delivery of advertisements to the proper audience or the proper place, or forcefully inserts advertisements at undesirable times or locations. This could take multiple forms and has become far more widespread with increased use of online platforms. Some common methods used for digital fraud can be the pay-per-click (PPC) model, domain spoofing or in the form of bots, but the main objective is to gain financial advantages from advertising transactions. The primary objective of this study is to identify and understand the factors lying behind the presence of fraudulent activities on any online medium and to analyse the probability of downloading an application after coming across the online advertisement, and watching it. The study also aims to highlight how marketing agencies tend to float fraud advertisement just to gain more revenue from their end.
Screening for prostate cancer: a study on the free and total prostate specific antigen
Authors:   Faculty of Applied Science, Medical Science Department, University College LOGOS, Tirana, Albania, Mediu Ridvana , Rama Ariol ,   Faculty of Applied Science, Medical Science Department, University College LOGOS, Tirana, Albania, Mediu Naim ,   General surgeon. Surgery Service, Regional Hospital, Durres, Albania
Published: January 2022

Background: A variety of biomarkers have been developed to monitor growth of cancerous diseases and to detect them at an early stage. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a valuable prostate cancer biomarker that is now widely used for population screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of patients with prostate cancer. Other factors than prostate cancer can cause elevation of PSA levels therefore, free prostate specific antigen measurements in serum have been proposed in order to improve the specificity of laboratory identification of prostate cancer. Aim: The aim of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic significance of both total PSA and Free PSA in discriminating prostate cancer from other prostate diseases. Materials and methods: Our study group consisted of 1201 males admitted at outpatient clinic aged between 35 and 84 years old (mean age 63 years). All laboratory measurements were performed on serum samples. The data were statistically analyzed by using descriptive statistics for Windows. Results: The mean total PSA concentration evaluated among 1038 patients was 16.17 ng/mL whereas only Free PSA concentration was evaluated in 163 serum samples and resulted in a mean value of 2.67 ng/ml. In order to calculate the correlation between total and free PSA, data among 69 /1038 patients were further analyzed through statistical program software package for data analysis. Conclusions: Measuring serum free PSA concentrations along with PSA concentrations may provide higher accuracy for detecting prostate cancer and might eliminate unnecessary biopsies in the men with PSA of more than 4.0 ng/mL.
Substance use during COVID-19 pandemic: impact on the underserved communities
Authors:   The University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA, Chacon Natalia C. , Walia Namrata ,   The University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA,   Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA, Allen Abigail ,   The University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA,   University of Texas at San Antonio, TX, USA, Sciancalepore Anthony ,   The University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA, Tiong Joyce ,   The University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA,   Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA, Quick Rachel ,   The University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA, Mada Sanjana ,   The University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA,   Paul L Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX, USA, Diaz Miguel A. ,   Department of Family Medicine, Larkin Community Hospital, Florida, USA, Rodriguez Ivan ,   Department of Family Medicine, Larkin Community Hospital, Florida, USA
Published: January 2022

The number of overdose deaths are on the rise all over the world. An estimate of 93,000 drug overdose deaths have been estimated in the United States in 2020. COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the drug crisis. Factors, such as existing health disparities among underserved communities, lack of resources for people of color, lack of belief in available resources, social isolation and economic burden, limited access to treatment, regulatory barriers in telehealth, and stress from the on-going COVID-19 pandemic have been identified as some of the key factors behind the acute health effects of people with substance use disorder. These interrelated factors exacerbate the impact of already existing disparities in the underserved communities. Policy and regulatory changes around telehealth and access of treatment for substance use disorder are warranted. Evidence-based strategies and other safer drug practices should be implemented to mitigate the impact on human health. Investment in programs that increase access to treatment, will be useful for potential future pandemics, where increasing mental health services and overall access to healthcare in disadvantaged communities would lessen the disparities in physical and mental ailments. In this review, we are evaluating and summarizing the acute health effects of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on individuals with substance use disorder.
Multiple Headspace Extraction-Selected Ion Flow Tube Mass Spectrometry (MHE-SIFT-MS). Part 1: A Protocol for Method Development and Transfer to Routine Analysis
Authors: Perkins Mark J. , Langford Vaughan S.
Published: January 2022

The toxicity of many volatile organic compounds (VOCs) means that the safety of polymeric and other materials in contact with, or near, pharmaceutical and food products must be assured through sensitive, quantitative measurement. The multiple headspace extraction (MHE) technique was developed in the 1980s to provide quantitative analysis of VOCs in condensed-phase samples. Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) is a direct-injection mass spectrometry (DIMS) technique that often significantly reduces the analysis time for routine VOCs in headspace compared to gas chromatography (GC) methods. Using the prototypical polystyrene system, this study represents the first detailed application of MHE to SIFT-MS, describing protocols for method development (including optimization of equilibration temperature and time, plus calibration), data evaluation, and adoption of the technique into routine analysis. MHE-SIFT-MS gives an eight-fold throughput advantage over MHE-GC while being highly repeatable (relative standard deviation, RSD, less than 2%).
The use of Z-scores to facilitate morphometric comparisons between African Plio-Pleistocene hominin fossils: An example of method
Authors: Thackeray J. Francis , Kullmer Ottmar
Published: January 2022

South Africa and East Africa each have a rich palaeoanthropological heritage, but the taxonomy of fossil hominins from these regions is controversial. In this study, two morphometric methods related to the quantification of variability in morphology have been applied to pairwise comparisons of linear measurements of hominoid crania and mandibles. The log-transformed standard error of the m-coefficient (‘log sem’) is calculated from linear regressions. Like Procrustes Distances (PD), log sem statistics can serve to quantify variation in the shape of a cranium or mandible in the context of a constellation of landmarks. In this study, PD and log sem statistics are integrated and standardised using Z-scores, and applied probabilistically to Plio-Pleistocene hominins. As a test case, OH 7 and OH 24 as reference specimens of Homo habilis are compared to fossils representing other taxa. There is a wide spectrum of variation in Z-scores for specimens attributed to early Homo dated within the period between circa 1.8 Ma and 2 Ma. In terms of morphometric variation predating 1.8 Ma, Z-scores (Z<2) for Australopithecus afarensis, A. africanus and Homo habilis display a small range of variability. This study serves as a demonstration of a method whereby log sem and PD can be used together to facilitate an objective assessment of morphological variability, applicable in palaeontological contexts.Significance:

Using a probabilistic approach, two morphometric methods are integrated to quantify morphological variability in Plio-Pleistocene African hominin mandibles and crania.
Two Tanzanian specimens of Homo habilis (the OH 7 mandible of the holotype specimen, and the OH 24 skull) can be used as reference material for morphometric comparisons with other fossils (mandibles or crania) attributed to Australopithecus africanus, A. afarensis, H. erectus and H. rudolfensis.
The results of these comparisons are expressed as standardised probabilistic Z-scores such that these statistics for skulls and mandibles can be expressed on a common scale.
The alignment of projects dealing with wetland restoration and alien control: A challenge for conservation management in South Africa (with corrigendum)
Authors: Sieben Erwin J.J. , Procheş Şerban , Mashau Aluoneswi C. , Moshobane Moleseng C.
Published: January 2022

An inventory of wetland vegetation across the country generated a list of the most common invasive alien plants across South Africa. Many of the plants on that list do not correspond with the priorities in the programmes for alien control across the country, as they are not listed on a government produced list that guides the priorities for alien control. We explore the reasons for this situation. We argue that because wetlands are such important parts of the landscape, invasive aliens in wetlands are of special concern, and there should be more alignment between alien control programmes and wetland rehabilitation programmes. This alignment starts by considering the full number of species that form a threat to wetland habitats, but also considers which pesticides to use, erosion and recolonisation in wetlands, planting indigenous vegetation after aliens have been removed, and strategising by working from upstream to downstream. Existing alien control programmes for specific grasses (some relatively new to the country and in the phase of early detection) and floating aquatic plants may guide how to tackle the invasions of grasses and forbs that have been established in South African wetlands for an extended period of time.Significance:

Wetlands have a distinct set of alien invasive plants that affect their ecology and functioning and many of these plants are not listed as priorities in alien control programmes.
Many restoration projects have an element of removing invasive plants and revegetating. Wetland restoration and alien control need to be integrated to preserve water resources.
Selection for resistance to cassava mosaic disease in African cassava germplasm using single nucleotide polymorphism markers
Authors: Codjia Esperance D. , Olasanmi Bunmi , Agre Paterne A. , Uwugiaren Ruth , Ige Adenike D. , Rabbi Ismail Y.
Published: January 2022

Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) is one of the main constraints that hamper cassava production. Breeding for varieties that are CMD resistant is a major aim in cassava breeding programmes. However, the use of the conventional approach has its limitations, including a lengthy growth cycle and a low multiplication rate of planting materials. To increase breeding efficiency as well as genetic gain of traits, SNP markers can be used to screen and identify resistant genotypes. The objective of this study was to predict the performance of 145 cassava genotypes from open-pollinated crosses for CMD resistance using molecular markers. Two SNP markers (S12_7926132 and S14_4626854), previously converted into Kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) assays, as well as CMD incidence and severity scores, were used for selection. About 76% of the genotypes were revealed to be resistant to CMD based on phenotypic scores, while over 24% of the total population were found to be susceptible. Significant effects were observed for alleles associated with marker S12_7926132 while the other marker had non-significant effects. The predictive accuracy (true positives and true negatives) of the major CMD2 locus on chromosome 12 was 77% in the population used in this study. Our study provides insight into the potential use of marker-assisted selection for CMD resistance in cassava breeding programmes.Significance:

With an aim towards reducing the food insecurity rate in Africa, we report on the use of genetic tools for a fast and efficient release of new cassava varieties to benefit breeders, farmers and consumers, given the food and industrial importance of this staple crop.
 This study adds tremendous knowledge to phenotypic and molecular screening for CMD resistance. The outcome will encourage breeders in various cassava breeding programmes to accelerate genetic gains as well as increase breeding accuracy and efficiency for CMD resistance.
Türkiye’de İyi ve Kötü İşler: Genç Çalışanlar Üzerinden Bir Analiz
Authors: ERDEM KARAHANOĞLU Gülbin , KUMAŞ Handan
Published: January 2022

Dünya geneline benzer biçimde Türkiye’de de yetişkin çalışanlara göre gençler, iş ve çalışma koşulları açısından dezavantajlı durumdadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, gençlerin çalıştıkları işlerin kalitesini “Tabakalı İşgücü Piyasası Kuramı” üzerinden analiz etmek ve bir durum tespiti yapmaktır. Araştırmada, ilgili kurama uygun biçimde işler ‘iyi ve kötü iş’ olarak ayrılmış, analizler 2019 TÜİK Hanehalkı İşgücü Anketi Mikro Veri Seti (HİAMVS)’nden yararlanılarak yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, genç nüfus ILO’nun “Gençler için Küresel İstihdam Eğilimi Raporları”na benzer biçimde, 15-29 yaş olarak belirlenmiştir. Probit model bulguları, kuramı destekleyecek biçimde işlerin tabakalaştığını göstermektedir. Bulgulara göre, gençlerin sosyo-demografik özellikleri, çalıştıkları sektör, meslekleri, yaşadıkları bölge iyi işte çalışma olasılığını anlamlı düzeyde etkilemektedir.
Enflasyon-Gelir Eşitsizliği İlişkisi: Gelişmiş ve Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler için Panel Eşik Değer Analizi
Authors: AKTAŞ Emin Efecan , DOKUZOĞLU Sevi
Published: January 2022

Gelir eşitsizliğine ilişkin ülkeler arası farklılıkların konu edildiği çalışmaların çoğu ampirik analizlerin açıklayıcılık gücünün enflasyon seviyesi, enflasyon oranı esnekliği ve faiz oranı gibi para politikası değişkenlerinin iktisadi modellere dâhil edilerek artırılabileceğine işaret etmektedir. Özellikle, enflasyonun dağıtımsal etkileri önemli bir konu haline gelmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, enflasyonun gelir eşitsizliği üzerindeki doğrusal olmayan etkilerinin analiz edilmesidir. Bu çerçevede, 1993-2019 yıllarını kapsayan dönemde 40 adet gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülke grubu için panel eşik değer analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Gelir eşitsizliğinin yönünü enflasyon seviyesinin belirlediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Enflasyon değişkeni olarak tüketici fiyatları endeksi (2010 = 100) tanımlanmış olup tek (49,300) ve çift (45,000) eşikli anlamlı seviyeler tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, sağlamlık kontrolü adına tahminler bir diğer eşitsizlik göstergesi ile yinelenmiş ve benzer sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. Enflasyonun gelir eşitsizliği ile ilişkisi, eşik enflasyon seviyesinin altında ters (negatif) yönlü, üzerinde ise aynı (pozitif) yönlüdür. Analiz, doğrusal olmayan etkilerin varlığını doğrulamakta olup literatür örneklerine katkı sağlamaktadır.
Bhagwati Tarafından Önerilen Beyin Göçü Vergisinin Uygulanabilirliğinin Analizi
Authors: YAVAN Sercan
Published: January 2022

Daha iyi istihdam fırsatları nedeniyle verilen göç kararı beyin göçü olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Özellikle de gelişmekte olan ülkelerin kalkınmasında beyin göçü konusu hayati bir öneme sahiptir. Beyin göçünün gelişmekte olan ülkelere olan maliyetleri sadece istihdam açısından değil, aynı zamanda ekonomik, mali, sosyo-kültürel ve politik maliyetler yoluyla da gerçekleşmektedir. Beyin göçü sonrası oluşan maliyetleri gidermek üzere 1970’lerde Bhagwati beyin göçü vergi önerisi getirmiştir. Bhagwati beyin göçü vergisinin adaletine ve toplanan gelirin gelişmekte olan devletinin bütçesi için sağlayabileceği faydalara odaklanmıştır. Ancak beyin göçü vergisinin uygulanmasında birtakım zorluklar bulunmaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında beyin göçünü engellemeye yönelik Bhagwati tarafından önerilen beyin göçü vergisine ve önerilen bu verginin uygulama alanı bulamamasının nedenlerine odaklanılmıştır.
YEMEK SEKTÖRÜNDE HEDONİZM ETKİSİ ÖLÇEĞİ GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: Yıldırır Süleyman Can , Çatır İbrahim
Published: January 2022

Son yıllarda özellikle tüketici davranışlarında hedonizmin etkisinin yüksek olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada da hedonizmin yemek yeme davranışı üzerindeki etkisini saptayan bir ölçek geliştirmek amaçlanmıştır. Yemek sektöründe hedonizm etkisinin farklı boyutlarını içeren 70 maddelik taslak ölçek, Ağustos-Aralık 2019 tarihleri arasında 1000 tüketiciye uygulanmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan tüketiciler kolayda örneklem metodu ile seçilmiştir. 1000 veriden elde edilen bulguların analizi sonucunda, ölçeğin 10 boyuttan oluştuğu anlaşılmıştır. Ölçeğin geçerliği için boyutlar arasındaki korelasyona bakılmış ve elde edilen değerlerin uygun çıktığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca ölçeğin güvenirliği için yapılan analiz sonucunda Cronbach Alpha güvenirlik katsayısı da iyi seviyede bulunmuştur.
Глобальный зеленый императив: место России в международном климатическом режиме
Authors: Маслова Елена
Published: January 2022

Статья посвящена политологическому анализу международного климатического режима и позиции России в части реализации его принципов, в том числе в ракурсе их общности с климатическим режимом ЕС. Проблема изменения климата является императивом развития современного общества. На глобальном уровне мы видим сложившуюся систему управления под эгидой ООН, а также существование “зеленого консенсуса” касательно того, что повышение средней температуры на Земле представляет собой угрозу для жизнедеятельности человечества. Опираясь на теорию международных режимов, можно констатировать существование международного климатического режима, который представляет собой систему межправительственных институтов по борьбе с климатическими изменениями при главенствующей роли ООН (при этом участники формируют некое общее понимание и консенсус и тем самым принимают связывающие обязательства, ограничивающие их действия складывающимися в результате нормами и правилами). Глобальный консенсус выражается в реализации национальных практик и выработке национальных подходов. Показано, что, несмотря на наличие общих экологических ценностей, их имплементация на национальном уровне происходит по-разному. Российский подход подразумевает адаптацию к последствиям изменения климата и поиск инструментов, позволяющих сократить выбросы за счет их поглощения, а не фактического сокращения. Такой подход именуется стратегией снижения потерь и использования выгод. Европейский союз, уже сейчас позиционирующий себя в качестве глобального экологического лидера, запускает “зеленую перестройку” и избирает парадигму декарбонизации. Подобное существование различных подходов на мезоуровнях размывает систему глобального экологического управления; фрагментация глобального экологического управления возрастает. В конечном итоге это создает новые разделительные линии, в том числе на политико-идеологическом уровне. В среднесрочной перспективе это может способствовать усилению напряженности в международных отношениях и мировой политике.
“Новое варварство” в цивилизационной перспективе: воздействие на человеческий капитал
Authors: Зарубина Наталья , Кравченко Сергей
Published: January 2022

Целью статьи является актуализация цивилизационной аналитической перспективы, раскрытие ее эвристических возможностей для исследований “нового варварства” как социокультурного и политического феномена, травмирующего человеческий капитал. Методологической основой работы является “цивилизационный поворот” в социальном знании. Опираясь на труды П.А. Сорокина, Ш. Эйзенштадта, Й. Арнасона, авторы рассматривают “новое варварство” как продукт усложняющегося нелинейного развития современной цивилизации, вызываемый к жизни возникновением новейших “осевых противоречий”. В качестве конкретных причин “нового варварства” выделяются амбивалентности усложнения социальных реалий, т.е. не только производство благ, рост межкультурных и межцивилизационных взаимодействий, но и возрождение архаизации, социальной и политической деструктивности. Результатом распространения “нового варварства” становится умножение травм культурного и цивилизационного наследия человечества. Отдельно рассматривается феномен “цифрового варварства”, развивающегося в контекстах “вторичных осевых прорывов” четвертой технологической модернизации. Выделяются базовые противоречия современного развития, приводящие к воспроизводству “цифрового варварства”. В их числе – разрывы и между ростом свободы, обусловленной развитием цифровых коммуникаций, и новыми проявлениями несвободы в формах социального контроля и надзора; между потребностью в новых знаниях, творчестве и обесцениванием образования и науки; между доступностью информации, увеличением производства смыслов и отчуждением от культурных ценностей, жизненных миров людей. Делается вывод о востребованности гуманистического подхода к технологическому развитию как значимого фактора минимизации различных проявлений “нового варварства”.
Развитие цифровых технологий и новые задачи государственной антимонопольной политики
Authors: Иванова Наталья
Published: January 2022

Цель статьи – показать, что развитие цифровых технологий, осуществляемое в развитых странах по преимуществу силами частного наукоемкого бизнеса, привело к формированию крупных монополий, определяющих ряд видов деловой и социальной активности, прямо связанных с реализацией ряда важных государственных функций. В этих условиях государственные власти США, Евросоюза и Китая сформировали комплекс мер, ограничивающих национальное и глобальное функционирование крупнейших цифровых компаний. В центре этих мер – антимонопольное регулирование, что в перспективе может существенно повлиять на модель инновационного развития и изменить сравнительные позиции современных технологических лидеров. Методологически статья основана на сопоставлении данных о финансировании научных исследований в разных отраслях и корпорациях США и других стран, изучении процессов монополизации в цифровой сфере и анализе мер государственной политики в направлении усиления конкуренции. Автор показывает, что цифровой бизнес быстро опередил все остальные комплексы отраслей по масштабам научных исследований. Опираясь на собственные ресурсы, цифровой бизнес проводит технологическую и инновационную политику, которая все чаще приходит в противоречие с государственными интересами. Формирование крупных цифровых монополий отличается от процессов монополизации в других отраслях, так как формирует платформы с широким участием индивидуальных предпринимателей и малого бизнеса. Одновременно их деятельность в сфере массовых коммуникаций создает новые политические проблемы, рождает новые формы регулирования в разных по уровню развития странах, в том числе вызывает подъем технологического протекционизма, новые законодательно оформленные формы борьбы с цифровой глобализацией.
Регионалистские проекты в неэтнических регионах России: акторы, легитимация, эффективность
Authors: Кирьянов Игорь , Панов Петр
Published: January 2022

Регионалистские движения в постсоветской России хорошо изучены применительно к этническим республикам, однако в начале 1990-х годов регионалистские проекты получили широкое распространение и в неэтнических регионах. Это был явно выраженный “реактивный регионализм”: на фоне расширения полномочий республик “русские” области и края выдвигали проекты, нацеленные на повышение их статуса до уровня республик. Несмотря на то, что со второй половины 1990-х годов произошел спад регионализма, в некоторых регионах сохранились регионалистские проекты. В статье ставится задача ответить на вопрос, как легитимируются и “работают” неэтнические регионалистские проекты. Теоретически их эффективность связана с конфигурацией акторов, а также с тем, насколько акторам удается наполнить их легитимирующими смыслами. Наиболее благоприятной представляется такая конфигурация, когда в продвижении проекта участвуют все три группы акторов: региональные власти (“регионализм сверху”), активисты (“регионализм снизу”), интеллектуалы. Поэтому для углубленного исследования были отобраны те регионалистские проекты (Балтийская республика в Калининградской области, Уральская республика в Свердловской области и Поморская республика в Архангельской области), где на протяжении второй половины 1990-х и в 2000-е годы в отдельные периоды складывалась благоприятная конфигурация акторов, но поскольку во всех случаях она менялась, сравнительный анализ этих проектов в динамике позволяет ответить на поставленный вопрос. В результате исследования сделан вывод, что наличие благоприятной конфигурации акторов не является решающим фактором для обретения проектом общественной поддержки. Более важна эффективная легитимация проекта. В Архангельской области, где расклад акторов был наиболее благоприятным, “этнизация” регионалистской идеи не нашла широкой поддержки, тогда как население Калининградской области, напротив, продолжало позитивно относиться к регионалистской идее даже в 2000-е годы, когда власти перестали ее продвигать.
Политический фундамент мегаполиса: проблемы субъектности городских районов в современной России
Authors: Трудолюбов Александр
Published: January 2022

В данной работе исследуется политическая субъектность института внутригородских муниципальных образований в Российской Федерации. В фокусе оказываются как города федерального значения, так и городские округа с внутригородским делением. В рамках статьи проводится сравнительный анализ муниципалитетов в аспекте их способности выполнять сущностные функции местного самоуправления: защищать автономии локальных сообществ, агрегировать и представлять их интересы, обеспечивать базовые потребности. Для этого автор изучает институциональную организацию и деятельность муниципалитетов по критериям территориальной организации, распределения полномочий и их финансового обеспечения, формирования кадрового состава органов местного самоуправления и взаимодействия с общегородским уровнем. Автор приходит к выводу, что внутригородские муниципалитеты, обладая схожими с городскими округами формальными характеристиками, в большей мере напоминают поселенческий уровень местного самоуправления. Они характеризуются институциональной слабостью и финансовой зависимостью от городского уровня власти. При этом единственной достаточно весомой их функцией оказывается роль при формировании общегородских органов власти. Это создает ситуацию контроля городских властей за локальным электоральным процессом, выражающуюся в заполнении местных представительных органов административно подконтрольными депутатами. Также обнаружен интерес бизнеса к выборам в городских округах с внутригородским делением, мотивированный скорее возможностью делегирования в общегородской представительный орган, а не теми полномочиями и ресурсами, которыми обладают сами внутригородские районы. По итогам анализа выдвигается тезис о слабой политической субъектности изучаемого института: на текущий момент непосредственная работа в качестве органа местной власти не является его главной функциональной ролью. Фактическую ценность для всех интересантов он представляет исключительно в связке с общегородским уровнем. Автор приходит к выводу о низкой вероятности дальнейшего распространения и развития института в его нынешней форме.
Исследовательские оптики и методологические ракурсы современной этнополитологии
Authors: Борисова Надежда
Published: January 2022

Рассматриваемая монография П. Осколкова (Очерки по этнополитологии. М.: Аспект Пресс, 2021) посвящена вопросам развития и современного состояния этнополитологии. Автор книги, обращаясь к широкому пласту этнополитических отечественных и зарубежных исследований, фокусирует внимание на категориальном аппарате этнополитологии и вопросах ее методологического каркаса. Последовательно обсуждая вопросы о нации и этничности, национализме и национальном государстве, этнополитике и языке, этническом голосовании и партийной политике, П. Осколков показывает широкую палитру исследовательских подходов и теоретических решений для объяснения их природы, динамики и вариативности, очерчивает и конкретизирует предметное поле современной этнополитологии как социального междисциплинарного научного знания. Монография интересна не только содержащимся в ней критическим обзором концепций и теорий, но и авторским иллюстративным наполнением, ярко и емко объясняющим природу обсуждаемых этнополитических феноменов.
A felügyelt gépi tanulás kihívásai a szociológiai alkalmazásokban
Authors: Renáta Németh
Published: January 2022

The sociological applications of supervised machine learning, already well proven in industrial/business applications, raise specific questions. The reason for this specificity is that in these applications, the algorithm is tasked with learning complex concepts (e.g. whether a tweet contains hate speech). Supervised learning consists of learning to classify previously annotated (hatespeech/non-hate speech) texts by the algorithm, looking for characteristic text patterns. Thequestions that arise are: how to prepare annotation? How can a hermeneutic challenge such ashate speech recognition be performed by annotators? Are routinely applied, detailed annotationguidelines helpful? The article also discusses how large companies perform coding on crowdsourcing platforms, and describes AI bias, which in this case means that annotators themselvesintroduce bias into the data. I illustrate these issues with our own research experiences.
A depresszió keretezési módjainak vizsgálata online fórumokon természetesnyelv-feldolgozással
Authors: Fanni Máté
Published: January 2022

The study of the phenomenon of depression is not new in sociology, but since the depressionis becoming a wider social problem, it is still a relevant issue today. In addition to the biomedical and psychological aspects of depression, the sociological perspective is becoming morenoteworthy in the discourse about the causes of depression. In the research of the discourseon depression, the online texts offer many new possibilities, as the forum’s anonymity andaccessability make the online seeking for help popular. In this research, natural languageprocessing (logistic regression) was applied to find patterns in the definition of depressionin lay discourses. These methods make it possible to analyze a large amount of text - whichwould have been difficult to process with human resources. During the analysis, 67 857 posts ofEnglish-speaking online forums were categorized along the categories of the scientific discourseabout depression. This study presents the first results, which shows logistic regression classifierperforms like the annotators. . Although the research has analyzed English-speaking forums, myfindings may be useful to anyone observing abstract sociological concepts in online texts writtenby users.
Secondary Immunodeficiency Frequency in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: The Relationship with Stage and Treatment
Authors: Yokus Osman , Jafarli Konul , Sametoglu Fettah , Goze Hasan , Serin Istemi
Published: January 2022

Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is one of the most common hematological malignancies. In patients with CLL, serum immunoglobulin levels decrease over time due to both the disease itself and the chemo-immunotherapeutic agents used. It was aimed to reveal the relationship between hypogammaglobulinemia and disease stage, and chemo-immunotherapies.
Materials and Methods: Data were obtained by retrospectively examining 74 patients who were followed-up between 2008-2019. The relationship between all parameters (demographic characteristics, RAI stages or therapy subtypes) and serum IgG levels was analyzed.
Results: Thirty-two of 74 patients received a therapy. Twenty-two patients were on combined therapy with rituximab or only rituximab and 10 were treated with chemotherapeutic agents only. The frequency of hypogammaglobulinemia was 5.4% at the diagnosis, this rate was 55% in patients receiving a therapy. Hypogammaglobulinemia was higher in advanced stages. In patients with rituximab, higher levels of IgG decrease were observed.
Conclusion: Serum IgG level was significantly lower in patients with advanced-stage, received chemotherapy, especially rituximab. In addition to basal IgG, immunoglobulin levels should be checked during treatment, and follow-up period. Early replacement intravenous immunoglobulins will be important to reduce severe infection attacks due to secondary immunodeficiency.
A Comparison of Dexamethasone plus Vincristine versus Standard Regimen in Induction Therapy of Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Vaezi Mohammad , Pourkhani Amirhoushang , Kasaeian Amir , Souri Maryam , Yaghmaie Marjan , Alimoghaddam Kamran , Ghavamzadeh Ardeshir
Published: January 2022

Background: Current treatment options of acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL) include chemotherapy alone or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) following induction chemotherapy both along with CNS prophylaxis. The usual and standard induction regimens currently administered could have severe complications and mortality.
Materials and Methods: To lessen induction regimen complications in ALL patients who undergo HSCT, we used a cytoreduction induction regimen including dexamethasone (8 mg, IV, three times a day, for 28 days) and vincristine(1.4 mg/m2, IV, on days 1,8,15 and 22) for 49 newly diagnosed adult ALL patients followed by an early sibling donor HSCT within two months. The results were matched with outcomes of HSCT in 172 ALL patients inducted by standard induction regimen.
Results: Median follow-up time was 5.41 years in the standard group and 5.27 years in the other. All patients of the case group (100%) achieved complete remission. Landmark analyses were performed to scrutinize the effect of treatments on different time intervals: first two years and 2nd to end years. Type of treatment had no significant effect on the hazard of death in the first landmark (HR=0.87, P=0.64). Cytoreduction regimen amplified the hazard of death 3.43 times more than the standard regimen in the second landmark (HR=3.43 P=0.035). Multivariate analysis showed that the cytoreduction regimen reduced the hazard of relapse about 22%, but not statistically significant (HR=0.78, P-value=0.24).
Conclusion: Overall, it seems despite achieving complete remission in induction therapy, depth of response is a critical predictor for long-term outcomes of HSCT in ALL patients, and the use of multiple agents may be necessary to decrease tumor cell burden and minimal residual disease(MRD).
The Effect of Xmn -1 Polymorphism and Coinheritance of Alpha Mutations on Age at First Blood Transfusion in Iranian Patients with Homozygote IVSI-5 Mutation
Authors: Hashemieh Mozhgan , Saadatmandi Zahra Al Sadat , Azarkeivan Azita , Najmabadi Hossein
Published: January 2022

Background: Thalassemia syndromes are the most prevalent hereditary hemoglobinopathies in the world. Iran is located on the thalassemia belt.  In this study, the effect of Xmn -1 polymorphism and coinheritance of alpha mutations on age at first transfusion and also transfusion interval in Iranian thalassemic patients with homozygous IVSI-5 mutation were assessed.
Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study 154 transfusion dependent thalassemia (TDT) patients (140 patients with β-thalassemia major and 14 cases with β-thalassemia intermedia) who were homozygote of IVSI-5 mutation have been participated. Blood samples were collected from participants using EDTA containers for genomic DNA analysis. DNA extraction and amplification-refractory mutation to determine the Xmn -1 polymorphism were performed. Multiplex PCR was performed to identify alpha globin deletions. 
Results: The mean age of participants was 29±7, 58 of them were male and 96 were female. A significant relation between presence of Xmn -1 polymorphism and age at receiving first transfusion was detected. Coinheritance of alpha thalassemia mutation does not have significant effect on age at first transfusion or transfusion interval.
Conclusion: Presence of Xmn -1 polymorphism can delay the onset of transfusion in patients with homozygote IVSI-5 mutation.