bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current Perspectives in Detection of Bioactive Compounds From Costus spicatus Through GC–MS and LC‐MS/MS: Antioxidant Properties and In Silico Analysis for Industrial Applications
Authors: Manimaran Dharmar , Tessema Ararsa , Yadav M. Govindarajulu , Parthasarathi S. , Palanisamy Vasan
Published: January 2025

Members of the Costus genus are the conventional medicinal plants used in the therapeutic management of numerous ailments, especially for their antioxidant and pharmacological activities. The crude extract of Costus spicatus was profiled using high‐resolution GC–MS and LC‐MS/MS techniques to determine possible bioactive compounds that are vital to the antioxidant activity. A total of 52 and 63 bioactive compounds have been detected in GC–MS chromatograms using different solvents (methanol and ethanol) in C. spicatus leaf extracts, representing the presence of certain bioactive compounds. The identified bioactive compounds in both extracts which exhibit neuroprotective effects have been confirmed through various literature studies. They are cholestan‐3‐amine, loliolide, stigmasterol and methylprednisolone acetate, succinimide, fumaric acid, beta‐tocopherol and gamma‐tocopherol. The aqueous extract possessed the highest antioxidant activity for DPPH scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays, whereas the alcoholic aqueous extract showed superior efficacy for hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. In this study, we performed molecular docking and found that four compounds exhibited promising binding affinities with predicted binding sites on alpha‐synuclein. Notably, Androsta [17‐16‐b] furan‐5′‐imine, 4′‐methylene‐3‐methoxy‐N‐cyclohexyl‐ showed the highest docking interaction score of −7.4, indicating a strong binding affinity. These findings, combined with the presence of bioactive components in the crude extract of C. spicatus, suggest that this plant may possess neuroprotective properties, warranting further investigation for potential industrial applications in the development of neuroprotective agents.
Mapping Trends Regarding the Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Top 100 Cited Articles
Authors: Turan Ömer Faruk , Yardımcı Ali Sami , Yazla Merve , Işık Nurullah İshak , Koçak Abdullah Osman , Katipoğlu Burak
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Despite significant medical and technological advancements, cardiac arrest remains a critical public health concern due to its persistently high mortality and morbidity rates. Consequently, research on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is of significant importance.

Materials and Methods: This study presents a bibliometric analysis of the 100 most‐cited articles in the field of CPR identified using the Scopus database without time restrictions. Analyses were conducted using VOSviewer and Bibliometrix software. Original research articles published in English were included.

Results: The study revealed contributions from 798 distinct authors across 18 journals, with citation counts ranging from 218 least‐cited articles to 1194 most‐cited articles. The most recent article was published in 2020, and the most frequently used keywords were “CPR” and “heart arrest.” In addition, 20% of the analyzed articles were funded by military organizations.

Conclusion: This analysis highlights the significant contributions of emergency medicine researchers and the notable development of CPR literature, particularly between the late 1990s and the early 2000s. While the most‐cited studies originated from journals with high H‐indices, the citation frequency of these articles showed a consistent decline over time. Furthermore, impactful articles in this field were predominantly published in general medical journals rather than in specialized emergency medicine journals. This study provides a foundational resource for researchers, especially early career academicians, seeking to engage in CPR‐related research.
Exploring Goal Attainment Scaling Among Occupational Therapy Students: A Retrospective Descriptive Analysis
Authors: Alduraidi Wafaa , Zhang E. , Foster Lauren , Mische-Lawson Lisa
Published: January 2025

Purpose: This study explored the administration of goal attainment scaling (GAS) by entry‐level occupational therapy (OT) students, examining their competency following minimal training. While GAS is valuable for measuring progress toward individualized client goals, its implementation requires specific skills and training that may challenge entry‐level practitioners.

Method: Using retrospective data from a study of sensory garments’ effects on children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), we analyzed GAS administration by five entry‐level OT students. Students received both indirect training through their curriculum and 3 h of direct research‐specific preparation. Using a modified version of the GAS checklist, we evaluated students’ competency through video recordings of GAS administration sessions and written GAS.

Results: Analysis revealed variable competency levels among students. While overall performance met 82.4% of checklist criteria, individual student competency varied considerably (54.5%–95.4%). Three of five students achieved the established 75% competency threshold. Students consistently met criteria for conceptual goal construction and timeframe specification but struggled with maintaining single dimensions of change and specifying observable behaviors.

Conclusions: Entry‐level OT students demonstrated varying levels of competency in GAS administration following minimal training. Our findings suggest the need for more comprehensive training in specific aspects of GAS, particularly in scale construction and behavioral specification. These results have important implications for how OT programs prepare students to implement GAS in clinical practice.
Exosome Loaded in Microneedle Patch Ameliorates Renal Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury in a Mouse Model
Authors: Taghavi Samin , Keshtkar Somayeh , Abedanzadeh Mozhgan , Hashemi Mehrdad , Heidari Reza , Abolmaali Samira Sadat , Dara Mahintaj , Aghdaei Mahdokht Hossein , Sabegh Alireza , Azarpira Negar
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Renal dysfunction due to ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common problem after kidney transplantation. In recent years, studies on animal models have shown that exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC‐Exo) play an important role in treating acute kidney injury (AKI) and promoting tissue repair. The microneedle patch provides a noninvasive and targeted delivery system for exosomes. The purpose of this innovative approach is to combine MSC‐Exo with microneedle patches.

Method: Exosomes were isolated from MSCs, characterized, and placed in the prepared microneedle patch. Then this construct was applied to the IRI mice model. After 7 days, the gene expression of miR‐34a and its targets B‐cell lymphoma‐2 (BCL‐2) and BCL‐2‐associated X (BAX), along with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) production, was investigated. Additionally, renoprotection was evaluated for measuring blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) and histopathology detection.

Results: After using microneedle patches containing exosomes, the reduction of miR‐34a and BAX and enhancement of BCL‐2 were observed. Moreover, treatment by this construct decreased the production of ROS, LPO, BUN, and Cr and improved tissue damage.

Conclusion: The use of a microneedle patch containing exosomes is a noninvasive method that enables the release of exosomes in a slow manner. In comparison to exosome injection alone, microneedle patch‐exosome treatment offers a longer and more targeted effect that improves renal IRI dysfunction and reduces tissue damage, potentially facilitating the clinical application of exosomes and improving graft survival.
Broad-Spectrum Efficacy of CEACAM6-Targeted Antibody–Drug Conjugate with BET Protein Degrader in Colorectal, Lung, and Breast Cancer Mouse Models
Authors: Kogai Hiroyuki , Tsukamoto Shuntaro , Koga Minaho , Miyano Masayuki , Akagi Tsuyoshi , Yamaguchi Atsumi , Mori Kiyoshi , Gotoh Kunihito , Nakazawa Youya
Published: January 2025

Despite remarkable advances in cancer treatment, most solid cancers remain difficult to cure. We recently developed an antibody–drug conjugate (ADC; 84-EBET) for pancreatic cancer by using the carcinoembryonic antigen–related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) antibody #84.7 and the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) protein degrader EBET. In this study, we showed the overexpression of CEACAM6 in colorectal, lung, and breast cancers and the broad-spectrum efficacy of 84-EBET in mouse models of these cancers. In vitro assays using cancer organoids and cell lines of colorectal, lung, and breast cancers revealed that 84-EBET was more potent than ADCs with known approved payloads—DXd, SN38, and monomethyl auristatin E—or standard chemotherapies. In mouse studies, a single injection of 84-EBET induced marked regression of colorectal-, lung-, and breast cancer patient–derived xenograft tumors and cell line–derived xenograft tumors. Moreover, in mouse syngeneic colorectal cancer, lung cancer, and breast cancer models resistant to PD-1 antibody, the combination of 84-EBET and PD-1 antibody induced complete regression of most tumors. Mechanistically, 84-EBET degraded bromodomain-containing protein 4 in both cancer and stromal cells via bystander efficacy. It decreased stromal inflammatory phenotypes and increased activated T-cell numbers in tumors. These results demonstrate that delivering BET protein degraders to tumors and their microenvironments via a CEACAM6-targeted ADC may be effective against a wide range of solid cancers.
"A porrada comia, mas era muito gostosa": o impacto e a participação da montagem de galera na constituição do funk carioca.
Authors: Rosa Daniela
Published: January 2025

Funk carioca is the first genre of Brazilian electronic dance music (Palombini, 2009, p.15) and is continuously produced at “bailes funk”, Sound System events organized by and for the population of marginalized areas, held in Rio de Janeiro since the 1970s. The 'montages' are tracks produced by DJs from the funk party circuit since the 1990s, characterized by their 'fragmented' sound and composition using funk samples. The aim of this work is to highlight 'crew montages', a type of composition that has been marginalized in the historiography of funk, and to demonstrate part of its relevance in the fundamental processes of the genre. The observations presented here are based on a multi-sited ethnography conducted within the “baile funk” circuit of Rio de Janeiro since 2018, as well as two key interviews conducted with funk artists who produced 'crew montages'.
Antropología de la Música en América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: Noleto Rafael da Silva , Pérez Guarnieri Augusto
Published: January 2025

Os estudos que abordam os vínculos entre Antropologia, música, sons e silêncios vêm se aprofundando na medida em que a etnografia se voltou para populações ou grupos sociais para quem o aspecto sonoro é culturalmente determinante. A Antropologia contemporânea tem cada vez mais se voltado aos elementos sensoriais implicados tanto no fazer antropológico quanto nas diversas formas através das quais as pessoas vivenciam, compreendem, formulam e expressam suas práticas culturais. Neste sentido, a teoria antropológica e os textos etnográficos têm avançado no aprofundamento do debate sobre práticas encorporadas (embodied practices) que, consequentemente, geram conhecimentos encorporados, isto é, modos de compreensão do mundo que passam, necessariamente, pelo envolvimento do corpo em experiências performáticas e/ou sensoriais (sejam elas musicais, teatrais, de dança ou outras modalidades expressivas).  Destacamos que o uso proposital do conceito “encorporado" (ao invés de “incorporado”) é uma referência explícita às contribuições teóricas de Diana Taylor (2013) e Richard Schechner (2013) para denotar uma imersão e utilização consciente do corpo na produção do conhecimento antropológico pelas vias do fazer artístico. Naquilo que particularmente nos interessa, consideramos que este (re)conhecimento encorporado do mundo advém dos fazeres e saberes musicais, assim como da relação que os sujeitos estabelecem, cotidianamente, com a dimensão sonora do mundo através da percepção e/ou produção do som no e pelo corpo.
Dizis turcas: o romance, o sensorial e o erótico
Authors: Amaral Carolina Oliveira do
Published: January 2025

Turkish dizis, or Turkish dramas are weekly serials with lengthy episodes, whose stories are told with an unusual slowness, placing particular emphasis on heterosexual romance within the plots portrayed. This article examines the inherent slow pacing of the format and how romantic storylines are developed within these series. The analysis also highlights the distinctive features of the format, as well as the construction of a sensory and narrative eroticism that is characteristic of dizis.
Magnífica 70: precariedade e opulência em uma série original brasileira HBO
Authors: Pelegrini Christian Hugo , Mungioli Maria Cristina Palma
Published: January 2025

This study aims to discuss the stylistic choices of the series Magnifica 70. Based on intermediality, we discuss how the characteristics of Boca do Lixo productions and HBO series lead to a semiotic conformation based on the opposition between precariousness and opulence. Moreover, the analysis shows aspects of a Brazilianness that are strategically represented in the narrative in such a way as to intradiegetically confer an identity of origin via the discourse on the Military Dictatorship (1964-1985) and extradiegetically to the HBO brand as a synonym for quality.
Intra-voxel angular dispersion of fibers in corpus callosum decreases with healthy aging
Authors: Moss Hunter G. , Chen Andrew A. , Jensen Jens H. , Benitez Andreana
Published: January 2025

The goal of this study was to investigate how the angular dispersion of axonal fibers changes during the course of healthy aging. The angular dispersion was derived from the fiber orientation density function (fODF), which was estimated in vivo with a diffusion MRI technique called fiber ball imaging. Intra-voxel angular dispersion of axonal fibers within the corpus callosum at the midline up to the anterior tip of the frontal horn of the lateral ventricles was quantified for a cohort of 63 healthy older adults (ages 45 to 85 years). The splenium, body, and genu of the corpus callosum were examined separately, and fODFs within each of these regions were averaged across voxels to obtain three mean fODFs for each study participant. For all three regions, we found that the angular dispersion, as quantified by the full width of the mean fODF at half its maximum, decreases significantly with age. However, these decreases were not significantly different across the regions. In addition, the heights of the mean fODF peaks increase with age. This reduction in angular dispersion and increase in height imply axons with orientations deviating further from the fODF peak are more likely to be lost in the course of healthy aging. We propose that this is related to the known preferential loss of thinner myelinated axons with increasing age.
Interdependence patterns of multifrequency oscillations predict visuomotor behavior
Authors: Bahuguna Jyotika , Schwey Antoine , Battaglia Demian , Malfait Nicole
Published: January 2025

We show that sensorimotor behavior can be reliably predicted from single-trial EEG oscillations fluctuating in a coordinated manner across brain regions, frequency bands, and movement time epochs. We define high-dimensional oscillatory portraits to capture the interdependence between basic oscillatory elements, quantifying oscillations occurring in single trials at specific frequencies, locations, and time epochs. We find that the general structure of the element interdependence networks (effective connectivity) remains stable across task conditions, reflecting an intrinsic coordination architecture and responds to changes in task constraints by subtle but consistently distinct topological reorganizations. Trial categories are reliably and significantly better separated using oscillatory portraits than from the information contained in individual oscillatory elements, suggesting an interelement coordination-based encoding. Furthermore, single-trial oscillatory portrait fluctuations are predictive of fine trial-to-trial variations in movement kinematics. Remarkably, movement accuracy appears to be reflected in the capacity of the oscillatory coordination architecture to flexibly update as an effect of movement-error integration.
The identity of Anemone discoideogyna and A. robustostylosa (Ranunculaceae), described respectively from Sichuan and Guangxi, China
Authors: FEI WEN-QUN , YUAN QIONG , YANG QIN-ER
Published: January 2025

Based on examination of herbarium specimens (including type material) and observations of living plants in the wild, we demonstrate that Anemone discoideogyna and A. robustostylosa (Ranunculaceae), described respectively from Sichuan and Guangxi, China, are not essentially different from A. hupehensis (sometimes treated as Eriocapitella hupehensis) in any characters, a species widely distributed in the country (Chongqing, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang). We therefore place both A. discoideogyna and A. robustostylosa in synonymy with A. hupehensis herein. As the independent generic status of Eriocapitella was not supported by molecular studies, E. hupehensis is also synonymized.
Salicaceae of Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
Authors: CONCEIÇÃO LÁZARO HENRIQUE SOARES DE MORAES , MARQUETE RONALDO , LIMA LAURA CRISTINA PIRES , CAXAMBU MARCELO GALEAZZI , TEMPONI LÍVIA GODINHO
Published: January 2025

The Parque Nacional do Iguaçu (ParNa Iguaçu) is a conservation unit that contains the largest remnant of Seasonal Semideciduous Forest for Brazil, also presenting a small region of Mixed Ombrophilous Forest. This survey aims to inventory the Salicaceae of the ParNa Iguaçu, providing descriptions, an identification key, conservation status and illustrations of the species. Seventeen field expeditions were carried out between May 2019 and March 2020 in two areas composed of Seasonal Semideciduous Forest and a transitional area of this formation with Mixed Ombrophilous Forest. Eight native species of Salicaceae were found, distributed in four genera, with Casearia the most well-represented with three species. Xylosma venosa is a new occurrence for Iguaçu National Park and Banara parviflora, Xylosma ciliatifolia and Xylosma venosa are new occurrences in Seasonal Semideciduous Forest. From the observation of the material analyzed of C. lasiophylla, characters that are not included in the current descriptions were found, which brings new information to the description of the species. The present study contributed to expand the knowledge of the ParNa Iguaçu flora, as well as the flora of Paraná.
Two new lichenicolous Arthonia species from Scandinavia
Authors: WESTBERG MARTIN , ISAKSSON ROBIN , FRISCH ANDREAS
Published: January 2025

Arthonia epiramboldia and A. scrobiculatae are described new to science and reported from localities in northern Norway and Sweden. Arthonia epiramboldia grows on the crustose lichen Ramboldia cinnabarina, whereas A. scrobiculatae grows in the soralia of the foliose Lobaria scrobiculata. Both species were found to be affiliated to the Bryostigma clade by RAxML and Bayesian analysis of concatenated mtSSU, nrLSU, RPB2, and nrITS sequence data. Arthonia circinata, lichenicolous on Umbilicaria spp., and the recently described A. subclemens and A. epipolytropa, both lichenicolous on Lecanora polytropa s. lat., are confirmed to belong to the Bryostigma clade. In addition, A. toensbergii is reported for the first time from Sweden.
A new species of Hypenia (Lamiaceae, Hyptidinae) from the Espinhaço Range, Brazil
Authors: ZAVATIN DANILO ALVARENGA , RAMOS RENATO , MONGE MARCELO , HARLEY RAYMOND MERVYN
Published: January 2025

Recent field expeditions in Campo Rupestre in northern Minas Gerais have been carried out and led to the collection of Hypenia with unusual morphology. After detailed morphological and taxonomic analysis we propose it as a new species of Hypenia based on morphological evidence. We described, illustrated, and the affinities between the most similar species are discussed.
Two new species of Marantaceae from Reserva Natural Vale, Espírito Santo state, Brazil
Authors: FRAGA FERNANDA RIBEIRO DE MELLO , BRAGA JOÃO MARCELO ALVARENGA
Published: January 2025

We describe two new species of Marantaceae of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. These species were discovered in northern Espírito Santo state, inside Reserva Natural Vale. Ctenanthe brevibractea is here compared to C. lanceolata, and can be distinguished by its overall shorter stature, glabrous leaf sheath, inflorescence rachis with shorter internodes, component bracts obovate-acuminate, deciduous, holding 1–2 cymules, per cymule with one bracteole, and flowers with solitary, spathulate outer staminodes. Saranthe rufopilosa is most similar to S. leptostachya, but differs by having 2-nodated inflorescences, and indumentum of long stiff reddish trichomes disposed on peduncles, rachis, internodes of inflorescences, cymule peduncles, pedicels, sepals and ovary. Their distribution maps and photographs are also provided.
A New Species Belonging to the Cyrtodactylus sadleiri Complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae) Has Been Discovered in East Java, Indonesia
Authors: RIYANTO AWAL , SIDIK IRVAN , HAMIDY AMIR , GRISMER L. LEE , ABINAWANTO
Published: January 2025

We describe a new species of Cyrtodactylus Gray from East Java (Maospati and Mojokerto), Indonesia that belongs to the C. sadlieri complex within the C. darmandvillei species group. It is a medium sized (SVL) species with adult males reaching 67.2 mm and females 59.0 mm, dorsal tubercles absent on brachium, present on antebrachium and along the ventrolateral fold; 18–20 irregular dorsal tubercle rows at midbody; 26–28 paravertebral tubercles per series; 28–34 ventral scale rows across belly; precloacal groove present with 32–37 precloacofemoral pores in males; enlarged femoral and precloacal scales arranged in a continuous series; abrupt transition between the enlarged femorals and the adjacent scales on the posterior margin of the thigh; subequal median subcaudal scales not transversely enlarged. The new species is genetically divergent from the other Javan congeners of the C. darmandvillei groupwith genetic divergences (p-distances) ranging from 7.7–12.1% for the mitochondrial ND2 gene.
Five new species of the genus Mallinella Strand, 1906 (Araneae: Zodariidae) from Sri Lanka
Authors: DAYANANDA NARUWAN , BENJAMIN SURESH P.
Published: January 2025

Five new species of the ant-eating spider genus Mallinella from the natural forests of Sri Lanka are described and illustrated: Mallinella dhanahami sp. nov. (male, female), M. milkyway sp. nov. (male, female), M. moncheri sp. nov. (male, female), M. oreo sp. nov. (male, female), and M. truffles sp. nov. (male, female). A key to all the known Mallinella species from Sri Lanka is provided, and their current distribution in Sri Lanka is mapped.
Challenges and opportunities offered by geostationary space observations for air quality research and emission monitoring
Authors: He Tai-Long , Oomen Glenn-Michael , Tang Wenfu , Bouarar Idir , Chance Kelly , Clerbaux Cathy , Edwards David P. , Eskes Henk , Gaubert Benjamin , Granier Claire , Guevara Marc , Jacob Daniel J. , Kaiser Jennifer , Kim Jhoon , Kondragunta Shobha , Liu Xiong , Marais Eloise A. , Miyazaki Kazuyuki , Park Rokjin , Peuch Vincent-Henri , Pfister Gabriele , Richter Andreas , Stavrakou Trissevgeni , Suleiman Raid M. , Turner Alexander J. , Veihelmann Ben , Zeng Zhao-Cheng , Brasseur Guy P.
Published: January 2025

Space-borne remote sensing of atmospheric chemical constituents is crucial for monitoring and better understanding global and regional air quality. Since the 1990s, the continuous development of instruments onboard low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites has led to major advances in air quality research by providing daily global measurements of atmospheric chemical species. The next generation of atmospheric composition satellites measures from the geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) with hourly temporal resolution, allowing the observation of diurnal variations of air pollutants. The first two instruments of the GEO constellation coordinated by the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS), the Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) for Asia and the Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) for North America, were successfully launched in 2020 and 2023, respectively. The European component, Sentinel-4, is planned for launch in 2025. This work provides an overview of satellite missions for atmospheric composition monitoring and the state of the science in air quality research. We cover recent advances in retrieval algorithms, the modeling of emissions and atmospheric chemistry, data assimilation, and the application of machine learning based on satellite data. We discuss the challenges and opportunities in air quality research in the era of GEO satellites, and provide recommendations on research priorities for the near future.
Mental Practice, Visualization, and Mental Imagery in Surgery: a Systematic Review
Authors: Schmidt James D. , Shidara Kie , Roos Andrew , Katsuura Yoshihiro
Published: January 2025

Physicians face constant pressures to learn and adapt to new knowledge, techniques, and technology. Mental practice—the process of rehearsing a task without the physical action of performing it—is a cognitive tool that is used by many professions to hone abilities and prepare for difficult undertakings. Mental practice can help optimize physician performance but there is minimal research on its application in practice. In this systematic review we assessed the usefulness of mental practice for surgeons to aid in skill acquisition. Using PRISMA guidelines, 12 studies were selected for evaluation. The results of these studies show clear advantages to using mental practice to improve overall surgical performance. Here, we discuss mental practice, the evidence for its use, and how it can be learned and performed.
Career Aspirations of Arab Minority College Students in Israel: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Lipshits-Braziler Yuliya , Habayib Halah , Cinamon Rachel Gali
Published: January 2025

This study examined the stability and change in career aspirations throughout the college-to-work transition among ethnic minority Arab students in Israel and tested the contributions of contextual and personal factors to career aspirations before and after this transition. At Time 1, 957 Arab students in Israel participated at the end of their senior year; of these, 362 also participated at Time 2, one year after graduation. Results indicated relatively low one-year stability in career aspirations ( r = .43) and a decline in career aspirations throughout the college-to-work transition. Career aspirations at the end of college were predicted by exposure to role models ( β = .16), career proactivity ( β = .26), and occupational self-efficacy ( β = .38). One year after graduation, only occupational self-efficacy predicted career aspirations ( β = .17). These findings suggest theoretical and practical implications for the career aspirations of Arab minority college students in Israel.
Microstructural evolution and hardening mechanisms in A286 superalloy thin-walled tubes subjected to cold forging
Authors: Tao Liang , Feng Zhiguo , Jiang Yulian , Mo Ningning , Lu Rengang
Published: January 2025

This paper aims to elucidate the microstructural evolution and hardening mechanisms in the thin-walled tube of A286 rivet sleeves subjected to cold forging. The strain distribution, microstructure, and hardness changes within the thin-walled tube were analyzed using Optical Metallography, Electron Backscatter Diffraction, a microhardness tester, and numerical simulations. The results indicate that cold forging leads to a 54% increase in the tube’s maximum hardness compared to the initial billet. Notable hardness gradients are observed along both the axial (329–356 HV) and radial (343–370 HV) directions. This hardness enhancement primarily originates from grain boundary strengthening and dislocation strengthening. The non-uniform strain distribution in the tube causes varying degrees of hardening effect, contributing to the observed hardness gradient. Additionally, Cold forging promotes the development of {111} fiber textures oriented parallel to the normal direction within the tube. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing cold forging process parameters and enhancing the quality of aerospace blind rivets.
Disease features at diagnosis and changes in disease course severity among commercially insured patients with childhood-onset compared with adult-onset systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Stokes Michael E , Phillips-Beyer Andrea , Li Qian
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) causes widespread inflammation and damage in affected organs. Severity is determined by the type of organ systems affected and the extent of involvement. SLE occurs in childhood or adulthood and disease severity varies according to age of onset. We compared disease features and changes in disease severity over time between childhood-onset (cSLE) and adult-onset SLE (aSLE).

Methods

Patients 0–64 years old, newly diagnosed with SLE during 2014-2020 were identified using the MarketScan® database. A validated algorithm was used to assess disease severity. Improving severity versus baseline was defined as a transition from a higher (severe) to a lower (mild/moderate) disease state during each evaluation period. Group comparisons were made using the Pearson chi-square test for categorical and t test for continuous measures.

Results

A total of 10,912 patients were included. Most (89.9%) were female with a mean age of 14.2 versus 44.6 years for cSLE and aSLE groups, respectively. Patients with cSLE were more likely to have severe disease at diagnosis (38.3% vs 10.7%; p < .0001) versus aSLE. The largest reduction in SLE severity occurred during 6 to <12 months post-index with cSLE experiencing the greatest improvement (36.7% vs 19.9%; p < .0001) compared with aSLE. However, despite improvements observed over time in cSLE, this group was still more likely to have severe disease at 0 to <6 months (26.4% vs 10.5%) and 6 to <12 months (14.4% vs 8.6%) post-index compared with aSLE patients ( p < .01, all). For aSLE, the proportions of patients experiencing either an improvement or deterioration in symptoms was similar during 0 to <6 months and 6 to <12 months. However, during 12 to <24 months, nearly twice as many patients in this group experienced a deterioration in symptoms (30.1%) compared to improvement (15.6%).

Conclusions

Children with SLE present with greater symptom severity compared with adults. Although children were more likely to experience improvements following treatment, they had more active disease over time than aSLE patients. Disease severity remained stable for aSLE patients until the second year of follow-up, when more patients experienced a deterioration rather than improvement in symptoms.
High-fidelity simulation training for improving nursing professional values acquisition
Authors: Arrogante Oscar , Ortuño-Soriano Ismael , Fernandes-Ribeiro Ana Sofia , Raurell-Torredà Marta , Jiménez-Rodríguez Diana , Zaragoza-García Ignacio
Published: January 2025

Background

Nursing professional values form the basis of nursing interventions and serve as a guide for professional practice, reflecting in all interactions with patients and other healthcare professionals. As nursing professional values constitute powerful influencers in nursing practice, a strong commitment to these values is essential for nursing students to provide high-quality care.

Aim

To evaluate the impact of high-fidelity simulation training on first-year nursing students’ nursing professional values acquisition.

Research design

Quasi-experimental study using a longitudinal design with a single group pre- and post-intervention evaluation.

Participants and research context

202 first-year nursing students at the Complutense University of Madrid (Spain) participated in the study between September 2023 and May 2024. Their nursing professional values were compared at baseline and after the simulation experience using the “Nurses Professional Values Scale-Revised” (NVPS-R). The acquisition of these values was also evaluated using a verification list during simulation sessions. Five simulated scenarios recreated ethics dilemmas, where students should manage conflictive situations with a standardized patient.

Ethical considerations

The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee from the Complutense University of Madrid (reference code: CE_20231116_18_SAL).

Results

Most of the students (84.87%) acquired the nursing professional values needed to manage adequately simulated ethical dilemmas. Nursing students significantly improved their nursing professional values after the simulation sessions. The effect size was medium for the “professional expertise” and “professional mastery” dimensions, and the total score of NVPS-R, whereas the obtained effect size was small for the “ethics” dimension.

Conclusion

High-fidelity simulation training using standardized patients allows first-year nursing students to acquire and improve nursing professional values. The inclusion of simulation training programs in nursing study plans to foster nursing professional values is needed to train undergraduate nursing students, providing them with the necessary ethical concepts and principles for their future clinical practice and ensuring high-quality care.
Patient’s sexual dignity discomfort in healthcare setting: A concept development
Authors: Park Sihyun , Woo Hyunji , Lee Yegyu , Ko Yejung
Published: January 2025

Background: Body touch and close physical proximity are inevitable in some healthcare procedures and can evoke feelings of shame, humiliation, and anger in patients. Given the increasing recognition of human dignity, exploring the occurrence of these negative emotional experiences and identifying mechanisms for their prevention are crucial.Aim: To develop and define the concept of “patient’s sexual dignity discomfort.” Design: A hybrid model of concept development was utilized.Methods: In the theoretical phase, a scoping review was conducted to establish a working definition of patient’s sexual dignity discomfort. This definition was refined and validated using qualitative data collected during the fieldwork phase. In the analytical phase, a final conceptual model of patient’s sexual dignity discomfort was proposed by integrating findings from both the theoretical and fieldwork phases.Ethical considerations: All participants completed an informed consent process, and interviews were conducted via Zoom or phone by a certified psychiatric nurse to ensure confidentiality, anonymity, and comfort.Results: Four themes describing attributes of patient’s sexual dignity discomfort were explored: experiencing shame and embarrassment, vulnerability-induced loss of control, dehumanization and objectification, and uncertain sexual autonomy. Patient’s sexual dignity discomfort occurs when patients perceive care procedures as sexually inappropriate or as involving unnecessary sexual activity, particularly when healthcare providers display unprofessional attitudes or when patients lack consent or are not mentally prepared for the procedure because of insufficient information. This discomfort leads patients to refuse or avoid healthcare treatments and prioritize finding better healthcare services over their health. It can also prompt providers to avoid patients, resulting in a compromised quality of care and poor health outcomes.Conclusions: Patient’s sexual dignity discomfort poses a significant threat to the quality of patient care and preservation of dignity. Nurses can trigger this intentionally or unintentionally, highlighting the need for comprehensive education and training to prevent it.
The Case for Public-Private Partnerships in South Africa: Is South Africa Ready?
Authors: Nugent Daniel , Burger Johan
Published: January 2025

South Africa’s National Infrastructure Plan 2050 indicates an intention to augment the financial capacity and technical expertise of South Africa’s delivery agencies by engaging in strategic partnerships with the private sector through public-private partnerships (PPPs). The objective of this paper is to identify, measure and critically consider the critical success factors in the South African context necessary for the effective delivery of PPPs. Empirical data collection involved a triangulated case study analysis, a survey to measure contextual factors and in-depth interviews with local infrastructure specialists to review causes and consider solutions. Key findings include a need for PPP capacity building and addressing the lack of political will within the public sector while shifting towards a programmatic procurement and delivery model for infrastructure projects.
Evaluation of the predictive value of CSF-restricted oligoclonal bands on residual disability and risk of relapse in adult patients with MOGAD: MOGADOC study
Authors: Ramdani Ryan , Pique Julie , Deschamps Romain , Ciron Jonathan , Maillart Elisabeth , Audoin Bertrand , Cohen Mikael , Zephir Hélène , Laplaud David , Ayrignac Xavier , Collongues Nicolas , Ruet Aurélie , Thouvenot Eric , Bourre Bertrand , Papeix Caroline , Benyahya Lakhdar , Marignier Romain ,   for the NOMADMUS Study Group
Published: January 2025

Background:

The clinical course of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is variable. However, robust markers of poor outcome and/or relapse risk are still missing.

Objective:

To evaluate the frequency of cerebrospinal fluid-restricted oligoclonal bands (CSF-OCB) in a national cohort of adult MOGAD patients and to assess their prognostic value for the risk of relapse and severity.

Methods:

We included MOGAD adult patients fulfilling the MOGAD 2023 criteria who underwent CSF analysis at maximum 3 months from onset.

Results:

Data from 190 patients were collected. We found the presence of CSF-OCB in 32 patients (16.8%). Positive and negative CSF-OCB patients were similar for median age at onset, sex, clinical presentation, severity at onset, and residual disability. Relapses were more frequent in the CSF-OCB+ group ( p = 0.049), particularly within the first year of follow-up ( p = 0.007). Although CSF-OCB+ was more frequently associated with imaging features suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS) ( p = 0.014), 78% of these patients fulfilled the 2023 supportive features and 65% experienced lesion vanishing at follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Conclusion:

We found a higher risk of relapse in MOGAD with CSF-OCB particularly during the first year. Close attention is recommended regarding the risk of misdiagnosis with MS.
Using photo-elicitation to explore young people’s short-term experience of and adherence to orthodontic retainers
Authors: Smorthit Kelly , Littlewood Simon , Maroke Tara , Pini Simon , Barber Sophy
Published: January 2025

Objective:

To investigate young people’s experience of retainer wear in the immediate term and at 6 months after appliance removal, and to explore the factors affecting retainer wear adherence.

Design:

Qualitative study.

Setting:

Orthodontic departments at two teaching hospitals in Yorkshire, UK.

Participants:

A total of 12 participants aged 13–18 years were recruited using a purposive sampling approach.

Methods:

Data collection occurred through one-to-one, virtual, photo-elicitation interviews at two time points (immediate and 6 months) with data analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA).

Results:

Three overarching themes were developed to describe young people’s experience of orthodontic retention: immediate experience and expectation of retainers; the process of adaptation; and motivating factors. Barriers to adherence were mostly ascribed to daytime wear, despite normalisation of retainers in young people’s lives. Interventions to help individuals overcome the initial adaptation phase and self-manage their foreseen problems of forgetfulness include routines and reminders, which seem to be less important at 6 months. At both time points, internal and external motivation significantly contribute to retainer adherence, with compensatory changes in behaviour being more important at 6 months.

Conclusions:

Understanding early experiences of retainer wear can help clinicians to provide timely and well-targeted interventions and information. Co-constructing unique adherence strategies may help to overcome the initial adaptation phase, with particular emphasis on understanding the individual.
From the end to the beginning: Obtaining and evaluation of flexible PVC produced via chemical recycling of post-consumer PET
Authors: Donnini Mancini Sandro , Rodolfo Junior Antonio , Barcellos Mattos Beatriz , Hoshi Pinto Luana Misae , Cardoso de Morais Leandro , Parra Ribeiro Rafael
Published: January 2025

Di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHTP) is a promising substitute for dioctyl phthalate (DOP, banned in certain countries) as a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plasticizer. This research endeavors to present findings about the synthesis of DEHTP through the depolymerization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, the production and assessment of PVC formulated with this plasticizer, and a comparative analysis with PVC compounded using commercial plasticizers (DOP and DEHTP). Approximately 200 post-consumer PET bottles underwent chemical recycling under various conditions, leading to complete depolymerization (99%) following a six-hour reaction at 300°C. The plasticizers were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The flexible PVCs were tensile and hardness tested and submitted to dynamic mechanical and thermogravimetric analyses. The resulting plasticizer exhibited properties analogous to commercial DEHTP, producing flexible PVC with even better properties. For instance, the activation energy of the dehydrochlorination reaction of the flexible PVC produced with DHETP from depolymerization was 3.3% to 16.2% higher than those produced with commercial plasticizers.
Balance Changes in Adult Cancer Survivors Participating in a 16-Week Therapeutic Yoga Program
Authors: Miller Mark J. , Hughes Daniel C. , Darby Nydia T. , Calderon Tim , Patel Darpan I. , Serra Monica C. , Ramirez Amelie G. , Ortiz Alexis , Almeida Gustavo J.
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Balance problems arising from cancer and its treatments can significantly impact daily functionality and quality of life. Improving balance as part of a cancer treatment plan could result in better patient outcomes. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether an integrative therapeutic yoga intervention can improve balance in a heterogenous population of cancer survivors (CS).

Methods:

This is a secondary analysis of data from a 16-week feasibility study where therapeutic yoga was supplemented with psychosocial support to maximize health-related quality of life in adult CS of any stage and site. In this study, we investigated balance, as it has been shown to be an important outcome in CS due to its role in physical function and quality of life. The intervention included therapeutic yoga three times per week for 16 weeks and daily psychosocial support provided via text message. Participants’ balance was assessed while standing on a pressure mat with feet together, eyes opened and closed, for 30 seconds in each condition. Data on the “sway path distance” (displacement of the center of gravity) in the two conditions were obtained. Changes in balance after the intervention (from baseline to follow-up) were analyzed using paired-sample t-tests. Changes in balance were also assessed using responder analysis. We described the proportion of participants that improved their balance or not based on 10% difference from baseline scores.

Results:

Of the 29 participants included, 22 (76%) completed post-assessments. Changes in both balance assessment conditions were not statistically significant (eyes opened: 80.06 ± 374.99, p = .702; eyes closed: −1.82 ± 24.01, p = .068). Responder analysis showed that 8 participants improved their balance with eyes opened, while 8 worsened, and 6 did not change. Analysis of balance with eyes closed showed that 5 improved, 8 worsened, and 9 did not change.

Conclusion:

This secondary analysis of data from a heterogenous cohort of adult CS did not support our hypothesis at the group level. However, at the individual level, responder analysis indicated improved balance in some survivors. Future research is needed to determine factors related to the cancer experience which might mediate balance outcomes to inform better integrative interventions.
Pediatric-onset PRKN disease: New insights into an understudied population
Authors: Gonul Oner Ozge , Biboulet Bruneau Céline , Fraix Valérie , Bourg Véronique , Defebvre Luc , Mutez Eugénie , Roze Emmanuel , Laroche Cécile , Béreau Matthieu , Nguyen-Morel Marie-Ange , Moro Elena
Published: January 2025

Background

In pediatric age, the PRKN mutation is reported as one of the most common genetic causes of Parkinson's disease. However, detailed clinical data on PRKN patients with pediatric onset are scarce.

Objective

To describe clinical characteristics, disease progression, and management of PRKN patients with pediatric onset.

Methods

PRKN patients with onset of clinical signs before the age of 18 years were included in this retrospective multicenter study. Collected data included detailed clinical characteristics, progression, and disease management. Data presentation is descriptive due to the sample size.

Results

Nine patients (five females) were included from five French movement disorders centers. The mean age at symptom onset was 10.78 ± 2.22 years (median, 11; range, 7–14). Dystonia was the first most common motor symptom (six patients). The mean time from symptom onset to genetic diagnosis was 13.33 ± 9.21 years (median, 11; range, 3–32). The most commonly reported non-motor symptoms were sleep disorders (seven patients), anxiety (six patients), and depression (five patients). The first treatment was L-dopa in four patients, dopamine agonist in two, carbamazepine in two, and rasagiline in one. Dyskinesia and impulse control disorders were the most common treatment-related side effects (nine and six patients, respectively). Four patients underwent deep brain stimulation surgery. The last available follow-up was at 27.22 ± 14.05 years (median, 28; range, 6–56) after the diagnosis.

Conclusions

This is the first study reporting detailed clinical features and long-term management of PRKN patients with pediatric onset. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment strategies are important to optimize disease management.