bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiment-based deep learning approach for power allocation with a programmable metasurface
Authors: Zhang Jingxin , Xi Jiawei , Li Peixing , Cheung Ray C. C. , Wong Alex M. H. , Li Jensen
Published: December 2023

Metasurfaces designed with deep learning approaches have emerged as efficient tools for manipulating electromagnetic waves to achieve beam steering and power allocation objectives. However, the effects of complex environmental factors like obstacle blocking and other unavoidable scattering need to be sufficiently considered for practical applications. In this work, we employ an experiment-based deep learning approach for programmable metasurface design to control powers delivered to specific locations generally with obstacle blocking. Without prior physical knowledge of the complex system, large sets of experimental data can be efficiently collected with a programmable metasurface to train a deep neural network (DNN). The experimental data can inherently incorporate complex factors that are difficult to include if only simulation data are used for training. Moreover, the DNN can be updated by collecting new experimental data on-site to adapt to changes in the environment. Our proposed experiment-based DNN demonstrates significant potential for intelligent wireless communication, imaging, sensing, and quiet-zone control for practical applications.
Radiation and temperature drive diurnal variation of aerobic methane emissions from Scots pine canopy
Authors: Kohl Lukas , Tenhovirta Salla A. M. , Koskinen Markku , Putkinen Anuliina , Haikarainen Iikka , Polvinen Tatu , Galeotti Luca , Mammarella Ivan , Siljanen Henri M. P. , Robson Thomas Matthew , Adamczyk Bartosz , Pihlatie Mari
Published: December 2023

Methane emissions from plant foliage may play an important role in the global methane cycle, but their size and the underlying source processes remain poorly understood. Here, we quantify methane fluxes from the shoots of Scots pine trees, a dominant tree species in boreal forests, to identify source processes and environmental drivers, and we evaluate whether these fluxes can be constrained at the ecosystem-level by eddy covariance flux measurements. We show that shoot-level measurements conducted in forest, garden, or greenhouse settings; on mature trees and saplings; manually and with an automated CO
2
-, temperature-, and water-controlled chamber system; and with multiple methane analyzers all resulted in comparable daytime fluxes (0.144 ± 0.019 to 0.375 ± 0.074 nmol CH
4
g
−1
foliar d.w. h
−1
). We further find that these emissions exhibit a pronounced diurnal cycle that closely follows photosynthetically active radiation and is further modulated by temperature. These diurnal patterns indicate that methane production is associated with diurnal cycle of sunlight, indicating that this production is either a byproduct of photosynthesis-associated biochemical reactions (e.g., the methionine cycle) or produced through nonenzymatic photochemical reactions in plant biomass. Moreover, we identified a light-dependent component in stand-level methane fluxes, which showed order-of-magnitude agreement with shoot-level measurements (0.968 ± 0.031 nmol CH
4
g
−1
h
−1
) and which provides an upper limit for shoot methane emissions.
Determiners of social inclusion and exclusion in the dementia context
Authors: Wray Alison , Bergström Axel
Published: December 2023

People living with a dementia and their family carers are at high risk of being excluded from the contact,
activities, information and services that help them remain resilient. Using interview data from family dementia carers, this
article explores the sources of enablement and inhibition in accessing these aspects of social inclusion. Carers and those living
with a dementia are found to inhibit and enable social inclusion for themselves, each other, and other carers. However, carers
attribute most agency to the external environment: what is provided and how easy it is to access, along with the attitudes and
beliefs of others. Poor communication surfaces as an impediment to social inclusion, with carers often left trying to bridge
communicative gaps despite limited knowledge and self-confidence.
Conversation practices that foster or hinder inclusivity during interactions involving persons with dementia
Authors: Stickle Trini
Published: December 2023

This article highlights co-participant strategies during conversations involving participants diagnosed with dementia that encourage continued, productive interaction fostering inclusivity. The conversation excerpts illustrate positive results when non-impaired co-participants respond to impaired syntax as though it makes sense or as if it completes a coherent syntactic–semantic action. Helpful co-participants yield control of conversations, rather than issuing corrections; demonstrate an acuity for when to divert topics; and acknowledge their co-participants’ concerns. In contrast, non-inclusive strategies include overuse of questions, overcorrecting, minimizing dementia symptoms, or dismissing co-participants’ concerns, which frequently result in persons with dementia resisting or withdrawing from conversations, often accompanied by displays of anger. The goal is to raise awareness of strategies which promise an increase in and longer duration of interactions, decrease loneliness, and increase health and emotional outcomes of older persons.
Partículas discursivas y prosodia
Authors: Hidalgo Antonio , Briz Gómez Antonio
Published: December 2023

Abstracta

¿Sabes?y¿entiendes?son partículas discursivas de control del contacto que desempeñan una función fático-apelativa, en mayor o menor medida fática o apelativa, a la que se añade ya sea como valor principal o subsidiario un valor modalizador, intensificador y, ocasionalmente, atenuante. En su descripción se subraya a menudo la importancia de la prosodia como rasgo determinante para establecer su función, pero son pocos los estudios que analizan de forma exhaustiva dicho comportamiento prosódico. Nuestra hipótesis de partida es que la diversidad funcional de estos marcadores va asociada a su versatilidad prosódica en virtud, entre otros factores, de la posición que ocupan en el discurso, atendiendo al modelo de unidades del discurso oral del Grupo Val.Es.Co. (Grupo Val.Es.Co. 2014). Analizamos así su realización prosódica para poder llegar a establecer tendencias de regularidad que enriquezcan su descripción: se trata de una propuesta que aúna los criterios funcional, posicional y prosódico.
Community-Based Tourism Initiatives as a Tool for Empowering Indigenous Communities: Evidence from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico
Authors: Lazic Stefan , Gasparini Maria Laura
Published: December 2023

Community-based tourism (CBT) is seen as an opportunity for equitable development and sharing of benefits among host community members. It is an alternative to the mass tourism phenomenon and a way to introduce sustainable management of natural resources. Tourism social enterprises often accompany CBT initiatives, emphasising the social force of tourism as an activity. They enable communities to address social issues while developing market-based activities, deal with injustice in tourism, and respond to the capitalist development strategies applied in the so-called major destinations.

In this work, we explore four indigenous community-based initiatives in the hinterland of the Yucatan Peninsula, one of Mexico’s main tourist areas. Through a fieldwork case study approach, we examine the internal governance of these initiatives, the role of external actors and the community approach to developing conscious tourism activities that support local livelihoods, value cultural heritage, and safeguard the natural environment. We find that tourism creates a spillover effect by providing opportunities for the development of complementary economic activities, decreasing the dependence on a single sector. Concurrently, tourism development empowers women and youth members of the communities by creating the possibilities for them to take leading roles in different activities.

Information

© The Authors 2023
Elucidating molecular mechanisms of protoxin-II state-specific binding to the human NaV1.7 channel
Authors: Ngo Khoa , Lopez Mateos Diego , Han Yanxiao , Rouen Kyle C. , Ahn Surl-Hee , Wulff Heike , Clancy Colleen E. , Yarov-Yarovoy Vladimir , Vorobyov Igor
Published: December 2023

Human voltage-gated sodium (hNaV) channels are responsible for initiating and propagating action potentials in excitable cells, and mutations have been associated with numerous cardiac and neurological disorders. hNaV1.7 channels are expressed in peripheral neurons and are promising targets for pain therapy. The tarantula venom peptide protoxin-II (PTx2) has high selectivity for hNaV1.7 and is a valuable scaffold for designing novel therapeutics to treat pain. Here, we used computational modeling to study the molecular mechanisms of the state-dependent binding of PTx2 to hNaV1.7 voltage-sensing domains (VSDs). Using Rosetta structural modeling methods, we constructed atomistic models of the hNaV1.7 VSD II and IV in the activated and deactivated states with docked PTx2. We then performed microsecond-long all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the systems in hydrated lipid bilayers. Our simulations revealed that PTx2 binds most favorably to the deactivated VSD II and activated VSD IV. These state-specific interactions are mediated primarily by PTx2’s residues R22, K26, K27, K28, and W30 with VSD and the surrounding membrane lipids. Our work revealed important protein–protein and protein–lipid contacts that contribute to high-affinity state-dependent toxin interaction with the channel. The workflow presented will prove useful for designing novel peptides with improved selectivity and potency for more effective and safe treatment of pain.
AdS3 Einstein gravity and boundary description: pedagogical review
Authors: Ma Chen-Te
Published: December 2023

We review the various aspects of the 3D Einstein gravity theory with a negative cosmological constant and its boundary description. We also explore its connections to conformal field theories (CFTs), modular symmetry, and holography. It is worth noting that this particular theory is topological in nature, which means that all the physical degrees of freedom are located on the boundary. Additionally, we can derive the boundary description on a torus, which takes the form of a 2D Schwarzian theory. This observation suggests that the relevant degrees of freedom for the theory can be described using this 2D theory. Because of the renormalizability of the 3D gravity theory, one can probe the quantum regime. This suggests that it is possible to investigate quantum phenomena. Unlike the conventional CFTs, when considering the AdS3 background, the boundary theory loses modular symmetry. This represents a departure from the usual behavior of CFT and is quite intriguing. The Weyl transformation induces anomaly in CFTs, and we indicate that applying this transformation to the 2D Schwarzian theory leads to similar results. Summing over all geometries with the asymptotic AdS3 boundary condition is equivalent to summing over a modular group. The partition function is one-loop exact and therefore an analytical expression from the summation. This theory holds potential applications in Quantum Information and is a recurring theme in the study of holography, where gravitational theories are connected with CFTs.
Enhanced carrier densities in two-dimensional electron gas formed at BaSnO3/SrTaO3 and SrSnO3/SrTaO3 interfaces
Authors: Mahatara Sharad , Comes Ryan , Kiefer Boris
Published: December 2023

Two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) realized at perovskite oxide interfaces offer great promise for high charge carrier concentrations and low-loss charge transport. BaSnO3 (BSO) and SrSnO3 (SSO) are well-known wide bandgap semiconductors for their high mobility due to the Sn-5s-dominated conduction band minimum (CBM). Ta4+ with a 5d1
valence configuration in SrTaO3 (STaO) injects the d1
electron across the interface into the unoccupied Sn-5s states in BSO and SSO. The present study uses ACBN0 density functional theory computations to explore charge transfer and 2DEG formation at BSO/STaO and SSO/STaO interfaces. The results of the ACBN0 computations confirm the Ta-5d to Sn-5s charge transfer. Moreover, the Sn-5s-dominated CBM is located ∼1.4 eV below the Fermi level, corresponding to an excess electron density in BSO of ∼1.5 × 1021 cm−3, a ∼50% increase in electron density compared to the previously studied BSO/SrNbO3 (SNO) interface. Similarly, the SSO/STaO interface shows an improvement in interface electron density by ∼20% compared to the BSO/SNO interface. The improved carrier density in SSO/STaO and BSO/STaO is further supported by ∼13% and ∼15% increase in electrical conductivities compared to BSO/SNO. In summary, BSO/STaO and SSO/STaO interfaces provide novel material platforms for 2DEGs formation and ultra-low-loss electron transport.
Uncertainties estimation in surveying measurands: application to volumes
Authors: Covián E , Puente V , Casero M , Cienfuegos Suárez P
Published: December 2023

Volume represents a measurand of great interest in civil engineering and construction works. The estimation of this measurand is a problem already solved by surveying engineering, but the quantification of its uncertainty has been overlooked. As a result, the inaccurate estimation of the volume can lead to significant deviations in the execution costs of earthworks. Moreover, it is not possible to comply with the internationally accepted requirements concerning the expression of measures with an indication of its uncertainty, i.e. the guidelines of the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures. In this context, this paper presents a methodology for the quantification of uncertainty in the surveying measurement of volumes, which is generally carried out through digital terrain models processed by computer-aided design or specific surveying software. Two methods for volume estimation are presented and the variance–covariance propagation laws are applied to each of them, leading to the computation of volume uncertainty from measures of position coordinates for which uncertainties are known. Then, the developed methods for uncertainty estimation are successfully tested in different scenarios. The conceptual and mathematical developments for the uncertainty quantification in the computation of volumes resulted in closed-form algorithms implemented in MATLAB that can be potentially incorporated into commercial surveying software.
Geological detection of hard rocks by GPR and signal time-frequency characteristics analysis in urban underground trenchless construction
Authors: Zhang Liang , Zhang Sheng , Deng Zongwei , Ling Tonghua
Published: December 2023

The hard rocks in the stratum can pose safety risks and hinder the progress of urban underground tunnel construction using shield and jacking methods, thereby reducing construction efficiency and increasing construction costs. This paper utilizes wavelet scale energy spectrum, wavelet packet theory and statistical methods to conduct research on the detection of special geological formations such as hard rocks and voids, as well as the analysis of their signal time-frequency characteristics based on the ground-penetrating radar (GPR) technique. On the basis of calibrating the permittivity of different types of rock blocks, we established a forward model for detecting hard rocks and voids, and the simulated signals were analyzed in the time and frequency domains. Subsequently, laboratory experiments were conducted to perform GPR tests on different types of hard rocks in natural and water-saturated states and voids, to explore the time-frequency characteristics, frequency band energy variations, and statistical patterns of typical single-trace signals. The results show that the granite detection signal contains more low-frequency components, the sandstone detection signal contains more medium-low frequency components, while the limestone detection signal contains more medium-high frequency components in their natural state; the signal from the karst cave has relatively more low-frequency components than the signal from the empty cavity. The geometric shape of the rock has no influence on the dominant frequency and time-frequency distribution of its reflection signal. Generally, rocks with higher rebound values (hardness) also exhibit larger variance and standard deviation in frequency band energy. The research has important theoretical significance and practical value for the measurement and assessment of special geological features such as hard rocks and voids in urban underground trenchless construction.
Automated defect detection in precision forging ultrasonic images based on deep learning
Authors: Zhao Jianjun , Zhang Yuxin , Du Xiaozhong , Sun Xiaoming
Published: December 2023

Ultrasonic testing is a widely used non-destructive testing technique for precision forgings. However, assessing defects in ultrasonic B-scan images can be prone to errors, misses, and inefficiencies due to human judgment. To address these challenges, we propose a method based on deep learning to automate the evaluation of such images. We started by creating a dataset comprising 8000 images, each measuring 224 × 224 pixels. These images were cropped from ultrasonic B-scan images of 7 specimens, each featuring different sizes and locations of holes and crack defects. We then used state-of-the-art deep learning models to benchmark the dataset and identified YOLOv5s as the best-performing baseline model for our study. To address the challenges of deploying deep learning models and the issue of small defects being easily confused with the background in ultrasonic B-scan images, we made lightweight improvements to the deep learning model. Additionally, we enhanced the quality of data labels through data cleaning. Our experiments show that our method achieved a precision of 97.8%, a recall of 98.1%, mAP@0.5 of 99.0%, and mAP@.5:.95 of 67.6%, with a frames per second (FPS) of 74.5. Furthermore, the number of model parameters was reduced by 43.2%, while maintaining high detection accuracy. Overall, our proposed method offers a significant improvement over the original model, making it a more reliable and efficient tool for automated defect assessment in ultrasonic B-scan images.
Dynamic digging force modeling and comparative analysis of backhoe hydraulic excavators
Authors: Li Tianyu , Ren Zhigui , Pang Xiaoping , Chen Dingjun , Cao Shusheng
Published: December 2023

The evaluation of excavator performance relies heavily on digging force, which serves as a crucial indicator. However, the accuracy of performance assessment is hindered by the absence of a suitable method to characterize the dynamic digging capacity of excavators. This study addresses this limitation by proposing an approach to establish a set of solution-limited inequalities for dynamic digging force. The approach incorporates D’Alembert’s principle and composite digging, while considering the influence of inertia force. Furthermore, to mitigate the issue of bucket tooth tip trajectory shaking caused by discontinuous posture during excavation, an amount of measurement data from a 20-ton machine is utilized to construct a consistent theoretical digging trajectory. The theoretical trajectory is subjected to numerical verification to determine the dynamic digging force along the trajectory. A comparative analysis is then conducted, contrasting the obtained dynamic digging force with different theoretical digging forces and measured resistances. Additionally, the dynamic digging forces within the selected digging area of the machine are characterized, without accounting for attitude continuity. The findings demonstrate that the dynamic digging force effectively captures the excavator’s performance along the trajectory, and it also provides an excellent characterization of the digging force at discrete digging spots.
EWSeg: a fast segmentation algorithm for images based on edge linking and watershed constraints
Authors: Ding Weili , Zhang Zhipeng , Guo Xinya , Su Liancheng , Hua Changchun
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we propose a two-stage algorithm, named watershed-constrained image segmentation, for exploring complete edge-closed regions from edges. In the first stage, the input image is pre-processed and the image gradient information is obtained using a gradient operator. Anchors are then obtained from the gradient information. Finally, initial edges are obtained by intelligently connecting the anchors. In the second stage, a marker-based watershed algorithm is adopted to obtain marker points from the gradient information obtained in the first stage. A Gaussian filtered image is then used as the input image to obtain a watershed hyper-segmented edge map. Finally, complete edge-closed regions are obtained by combining the initial edges and the hyper-segmented edge map and searching for weak edges. The image segmentation results are then obtained from the edge-closed regions, demonstrating the excellent performance of our proposed algorithm on various images and videos.
High-precision point cloud registration method based on volume image correlation
Authors: Wang Lianpo
Published: December 2023

With the rapid development of binocular reconstruction, fringe projection profilometry, and time of flight, 3D imaging technology has been widely applied in the field of 3D measurement. However, due to limited measurement range and self-occlusion, point cloud registration methods are often used to obtain larger or more complete 3D contours. Although many scholars have proposed various point cloud registration methods, the accuracy and efficiency of point cloud registration still need to be further improved, especially for point clouds with different density or non-rigid transformation. Image registration technology based on image correlation has been developed for many years and has achieved great success in fields such as computer vision, photomechanics, and photogrammetry. Therefore, a simple and direct idea in this paper is to transform the point cloud registration problem into volume image correlation problem. By this, an efficient image registration method based on fast Fourier transform and an inverse compositional Gaussian Newton optimization method that only needs to calculate the Hessian matrix once can be introduced into the point cloud registration field, which can greatly improve the speed and accuracy of point cloud registration. Comparative experiments have shown that our method has doubled the accuracy and efficiency compared to the iterative closest point (ICP) method, and its practicality has also been verified in impeller reconstruction experiments.
Manipulating helical phase of HHG vortex with atomic states
Authors: Liu Kecheng , Zhang Guizhong , Zhang Shenghua , Shi Wei , Yao Jianquan
Published: December 2023

By deploying the strong-field approximation theory, we perform numerical simulation on atomic high-order harmonic generation (HHG) of hydrogen and HHG vortices generated by hydrogen layer. Our results show that the atomic HHG spectra demonstrate peak-shifting and the helical phase of the HHG vortex can be manipulated with initial states of atoms, all ionized by oppositely polarized bicircular ω and 2ω Laguerre–Gaussian fields. The HHG peaks shift to higher frequency by ω if the initial state is switched from

ψ

100

to

ψ

211

, and the HHG peaks shift to lower frequency by ω if the initial state is switched from

ψ

100

to

ψ

21
−
1

, the final state is always the ground state

ψ

100

. The helical phase patterns of the HHG vortices are investigated in connection with the atomic HHG peak-shifting and the angular momentum conservation law. In addition, we observe that the fourth HHG harmonic is strongly dependent on the 2ω field but weakly on the ω field for an initial atomic state of magnetic quantum number −1.
X-ray single photon detection with XPOL-III
Authors: Sgrò Carmelo , Baldini Luca , Bellazzini Ronaldo , Brez Alessandro , Ceccanti Marco , Latronico Luca , Lucchesi Leonardo , Manfreda Alberto , Minuti Massimo , Orsini Leonardo , Pesce-Rollins Melissa , Pinchera Michele , Profeti Alessandro , Spandre Gloria
Published: December 2023

XPOL-III is a newly developed CMOS ASIC simultaneously working for
collecting charge and processing signals inside Gas Pixel Detectors (GPD).
Starting from the architecture of the XPOL ASIC and its successful
operation in the IXPE space mission, we implemented specific design changes
aiming at increasing the rate capability and the uniformity of response.

XPOL-III includes more than 100k pixels at 50 μm pitch in a total active area of about
15 × 15 mm2. Each pixel acts as a charge-collecting anode and is connected to its
charge-sensitive amplifier, followed by a shaping circuit and a sample-and-hold system. The
chip, like its predecessor, provides self-triggering capability, with automatic localization of
the region of interest (ROI) to be readout for each single photon. A new programmable
definition of the margin pixels around the ROI was implemented to reduce readout time. Other
improvements include the sensitivity of the trigger electronics and an increase in the maximum
speed for the serial event readout.

In this work we describe the design of this new ASIC and the results of its preliminary tests, in particular in the context of the gas detector application, in which imaging the photoelectron track emitted by single X-ray absorption allows us to measure beam polarization together with timing, imaging, and spectroscopy.
Characterization study of NaI(Tl) γ-summing spectrometer
Authors: Sharma Sathi
Published: December 2023

The accurate information regarding the β-decay
half-life, feeding pattern from the neutron-rich nuclei have utmost
importance in the field of nuclear waste management from the fission
reactors as well as correct understanding about the r-process
nucleosynthesis in stellar sites. The low capture cross-section
measurements are also considered as major task by experimental
nuclear astrophysicists. These kinds of measurements are really
difficult with conventional high-resolution gamma spectroscopy
techniques due to less efficiency of the detectors. For this
purpose, we have an almost 4π γ-summing NaI(Tl)
spectrometer at SINP, Kolkata. It is basically a cylindrical shaped
detector with six sectors of NaI(Tl) crystals read by 6
photomultiplier tubes (PMT) at one end. The detailed
characterization of the spectrometer via experiment using laboratory
standard sources and GEANT4 simulation model to interpret all the
interesting properties will be presented here in this paper.
Limit shapes from harmonicity: dominos and the five vertex model
Authors: Kenyon Richard , Prause István
Published: December 2023

We discuss how to construct limit shapes for the domino tiling model (square lattice dimer model) and five-vertex model, in appropriate polygonal domains. Our methods are based on the harmonic extension method of Kenyon and Prause (2022 Duke Math J.
171 3003–22).
Potential waste from felling of Eucalyptus pellita trees using Komatsu PC130F-7 in industrial plantation forest
Authors: Ruslim Y , Astuti N M , Sari D R
Published: December 2023

East Kalimantan has seen an increase in mechanized harvesting methods in recent years. Timber production activities in Surya Hutani Jaya Industrial Plantation Forest, Sebulu District have implemented a mechanical harvesting system, including tree felling activities. In the harvesting system by mechanical means, the presence of felling waste is inseparable. Therefore, the volume of felling waste from stumps, stems, and tree tops was calculated. From the stump waste with an area of 0.25 ha in the research plot, 50 samples were taken with a volume produced of 0.0427 m3or 0.1707 m3ha−1. In stem waste, 10 samples were taken with a total volume produced of 0.0453 m3or 0.1811 m3ha−1. From the tree top waste, 50 samples were taken with a total volume produced of 0.0374 m3or 0.1496 m3ha−1. Waste stump, stem, and tree top waste amounted to 0.5014 m3ha−1or 0.45%. The results of this study used the Komatsu PC130F-7, the lowest remaining stump height was 1.7 cm and the highest was 12.6 cm. Meanwhile, the mean stump height is only 5.44 cm. From research, it is known that this company has been able to carry out logging efficiently because the waste produced has a relatively small value. The advantage of harvesting trees with a Komatsu PC 130F-7 equipped with a shearing head is the minimum amount of wood debris that accumulates in the field.
Object Oriented Design Systems for WebGIS Flood Risk Classification in Samarinda, Indonesia
Authors: Agus F , Kamil Z A , Gifari O I
Published: December 2023

Floods are a prevalent environmental concern that frequently impacts urban regions. In conjunction with the growth of urbanization, the expansion of urban areas frequently gives rise to issues related to flooding. Samarinda, the administrative center of East Kalimantan Province, is intrinsically linked to the problems of flooding and waterlogging. The occurrence of floods in this urban area is frequently observed during periods of heavy rainfall and elevated water discharge from the Mahakam River and its associated tributaries. The utilization of the Web Geographics Information System to present maps depicting areas susceptible to flooding serves as a digital instrument and informational resource for urban communities. This research aims to design and implement WebGIS software for the classification of flood-prone regions in Samarinda City, employing the Object-Oriented Design System (OODS) approach. The process of flood classification modeling involves the utilization of various factors, including rainfall data, road kinds, slope gradients, and land use types. The design of this WebGIS system incorporates OODS principles, utilizing the Unified Modeling Language (UML) methodology. This approach encompasses many UML techniques, including Use Case Diagrams, Class Diagrams, and Entity Relationship Diagrams. The outcome of this study resulted in the design and implementation of the WebGIS program, which serves the purpose of classifying flood-prone areas in Samarinda City. This result encompasses object designs and interfaces that visually represent flood zones on a map. The system validation test was conducted by comparing the classification results and historical flood data, with a result of 90%.
Antibacterial and biolarvicidal activity of extracts of ethanol of Goniothalamus macrophyllus leaves and roots
Authors: Kurniawan D , Kustiawan P M , Pramaningsih V , Yuliawati R , Ismiati R
Published: December 2023

Tendani (Goniothalamus macrophyllus) is empirically often used by Dayak people as a mosquito repellent by burning the stem bark and roots which have the ability as anti-bacterial. The objective of this research is to evaluate the antibacterial and biolarvicidal properties of ethanol extracts of Goniothalamus macrophyllus’s leaves and roots. The research method used qualitative method with colour phytochemical test, antibacterial test, and larvicidal test. Based on the study of active compounds contained in G. macrophyllus, the results of colour phytochemical tests of ethanol extracts of leaves and roots all contain compounds of the alkaloid, flavonoid, triterpenoid/steroid, saponin, tannin and phenol groups. The results of the antibacterial tests on the leaves and roots have a strong ability to inhibit the growth of Candida albicans, Propionibacterium acne and Streptococcus mutans. The highest larval mortality rate in the biolarvicide test was obtained in the root part of tendani with a concentration of 15% at 88%. The conclusion of the study is that the leaves and roots of the tendani plant have potential as antibacterial and biolarvicidal.
Ecotourism management of coastal forest area in small islands, Bandar Lampung City: an internal factor analysis
Authors: Arioen Refi , Tsani Machya Kartika , Harianto Sugeng Prayitno , Surnayanti  , Zuhelmi Tomy Pratama , Novasari Destia , Rachmah Widya Anisa
Published: December 2023

Bandar Lampung City has small islands that have the opportunity to be used as ecotourism objects in coastal forest areas. Pasaran Island and Permata Island are the islands that have been developed and managed. The presence of this ecotourism attraction may have a positive impact on the community’s economic and environmental education efforts to keep the environment protected. The administration of this ecotourism region truly needs a good management strategy to support these. To create a plan for managing ecotourism on Pasaran Island and Permata Island, it is essential to understand the internal elements involved in the management of ecotourism. This study’s goal was to identify the internal variables that affected how ecotourism was managed on Pasaran Island and Permatan Island. This research was conducted on Pasaran Island and Permata Island, with a qualitative descriptive method. Data collection uses in-depth interview techniques, field observations and field notes. Resource persons for key informants were determined by purposive sampling technique. The results showed that 9 strengths and 10 weaknesses were found among the 19 internal management elements for Pasaran Island. 16 internal characteristics, including 10 strengths and 6 weaknesses, were present in Permata Island.
The new settlement Long Pahangai II Village mapping plans based on participatory and land suitability in Mahakam Ulu Regency, East Kalimantan
Authors: Herlambang H , Aryanto  , Prasetyo A
Published: December 2023

Long Pahangai II Village shows a worrying condition due to flooding, erosion, and river flows, which have caused damage to most of the houses, infrastructure, and public facilities. Therefore, the community agreed to move to a new location across the river. The new Kampung Long Pahangai II settlement plan was preceded by a planning process involving the community in a participatory manner and considering environmental and forest conditions. This research aims to create a new village plan map for Long Pahangai II Village by considering land suitability conditions and community desires through participatory mapping activities. The research used two approaches: mapping the land suitability and community participation to create a new village planning map. A new settlement plan map was determined through group discussions, taking into account land suitability and community preferences. The research results show that organizational plans based on the results of participatory mapping need to be adapted to the community and the direction of the land according to topographic conditions. The area designated for the organization is 6.77 ha, the protected area is 33.07 ha, and around 29.53 ha is for the buffer area.
Social forestry development in East Kalimantan: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Purwanti E , Sardjono M A , Wijaya A , Rahmina  , Putra H , Wahyuningtyas DC , Sormin DH , Setiawan EP , Wulandari E , Hidayat T
Published: December 2023

Social forestry (SF) is a strategic government program with the primary goal of enhancing the well-being of communities living around forested areas. This study aims to evaluate institutional governance and performance of social forestry holders in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. This research also analyses challenges and opportunities of social forestry development in the region. The research findings indicate that in April 2023, there were 123 social forestry permit holders in East Kalimantan, managing a total area of 271,113 hectares. Among these permit holders, 51 (42%) demonstrated good institutional governance and performance, while 19 (15.45%) had good governance but weak performance. Furthermore, 15 (12.20%) permit holders had weak governance but good performance, and there were 38 (30.9%) permit holders with both weak institutional governance and performance. The social forestry program in East Kalimantan still faces several challenges, including institutional capacity, funding and institutional issues, and policies. Strategies that can be implemented include: integrating the social forestry program with village planning (Integrated Area Development/IAD), strengthening institutions through mentoring and building a center of excellence, accessing markets for commodities, and providing funding and financing access for the social forestry holders.
Habitat suitability of Proboscis Monkey Nasalis larvatus Wurmb. in Muara Kaman Sedulang Nature Reserve, East Kalimantan
Authors: Hidayat A , Sulistioadi Y B , Kustiawan W , Sukartiningsih  , Haryanto Z , Suba R B
Published: December 2023

Proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus Wurmb.) is an endemic primate species to Borneo’s island. Muara Kaman Sedulang Nature Reserve is one of protected area for this species in the island, but it’s riverine habitat is largely lost by forest fires and conversion for aquaculture, agriculture and settlements. A conservation action in the area needs spatial information regarding the habitat suitability of proboscis monkey. This study aimed to project a spatial model for habitat suitability of proboscis monkey in the reserve through species distribution modelling (SDM) using the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt), based on the species’ occurrence records and environmental predictors. The results showed that suitable habitat for proboscis monkey was 3,410.27 ha (5.22% of the nature reserve total area). Model performance evaluation shows an accuracy of the Area Under Curve (AUC) value of 0.940, which is a very good category. Jackknife-test results showed the presence of secondary swamp forest (40.8%), distance from water bodies (25.9%), land cover (12.4%), secondary forest (6.3%) and mixed gardens (5.1%) are five variables that significantly contribute to the distribution of proboscis monkeys in the reserve. This study provides suggestions for conservation of proboscis monkey in remaining suitable habitat, which include local people involvement, monitoring and habitat restoration.
Conservation of endangered tree in the coal mining area in Tabang, East Kalimantan: biodiversity offset and protection
Authors: Sitepu Bina Swasta , Rengku Mardi Tofani , Priyono  , Teguh  , Warsidi  , Suharja Iman , Wibisono Yusub , Wahyudin  , Laban Banjar Yulianto , Herlambang Yustinus Aditya , Yassir Ishak
Published: December 2023

Coal production that conducted open mining techniques transformed the ecosystem and was followed by the degradation of land quality. After the activity, biodiversity loss and water and soil damage occur in the ecosystem. This study observed the potential of endangered trees as essential elements of the ecosystem that experienced negative impacts after the coal mining activity and how to improve the situation. Vegetation analysis was conducted with eight line of plotted stripe random sampling, and followed with calculation of IVI, diversity index, and evenness index. Tree identification in the 3.2 ha of sample plot in the forest area of the coal mining concession indicated that there are 224 species of trees and 17 species are endangered with the domination of the Dipterocarpaceae family and one species is protected. Collection of seedlings and saplings of the species, followed by transferring the plants into the arboretum area developed to protect tree species in the surrounding area, could be a solution to ensure the species’ existence. Using seedlings and saplings as enrichment species in the restoration and rehabilitation area are also an application of biodiversity offset that is part of sustainable biodiversity management in the mining industry.
Alaban wood (Vitex pinnata) as a promising feedstock in the community-scale charcoal industry: A case study of KPHP Kendilo, Indonesia
Authors: Sudaryanto E , Haqiqi M T , Yuliansyah  , Rujehan  , Amirta R
Published: December 2023

Indonesian forest production management unit, also called KPHP, have initiated various programs to develop the prosperity of local societies around forest area, including their independence in the energy sector. Charcoal is an ancient green energy which is still traditionally produced by those people for daily usage. Currently, the demand of charcoal for many modern industries in the world has been growing, showing its high potential as future export commodities since Indonesia has a richness in the forest biomass resources for charcoal feedstock. Therefore, we conducted a suitability analysis of the community-scale charcoal production at KPHP Kendilo, one of the forest management units located in East Kalimantan province. Alaban wood (Vitex pinnata) is considered the most potential biomass in this area, indicating its high availability in nature for charcoal feedstok. It was converted by a drum kiln technique using ratio of fuel wood and raw material at 1 : 2 (dry matter) for approximately 4 hours. It showed that the plant having diameter of above 15 cm possessed the highest charcoal yield (6.83 ton/ha), with appropriate energy properties (7,001 kcal/kg). Finally, this study points out the promising of Alaban wood in KPHP Kendilo for charcoal production in the rural communities.
Plants Performance in the coal mining restoration area in Tabang, East Kalimantan
Authors: Sitepu Bina Swasta , Priyono  , Wibisono Yusub , Wahyudin  , Laban Banjar Yulianto , Herlambang Yustinus Aditya , Yassir Ishak
Published: December 2023

Coal mining production in East Kalimantan use open mining methods that changes ecosystem performance. After mining activity, the company is obligate to restore and rehabilitate the area to improve the land conditions. The study aims to evaluate plant performance in four different plants age to give brief information in restoration and rehabilitation in post coal mining land. Four different ages of two species, Falcataria falcata and Enterolobium cyclocarpum, were measured for diameter, height, and survival rate in the 0.25 ha of the plot sample. The measurement indicated that Falcataria falcata could reach diameter and height rate per year in 2.89 centimetres and 2.08 meters, respectively. As comparison, The Enterolobium cyclocarpum diameter performance could reach 3.54 centimetres per year; however, height performances only reach 1.75 meter per year. The first species indicated better indication for the standing performance; however, the other species indicated better performance in the canopy cover that could be advantage for soil micro climate and water conservation.
Performance of six potato genotypes as raw material for the national potato chip industry
Authors: Kusmana  , Handayani T
Published: December 2023

Industries that process potato chips still use imported raw materials because the potatoes grown by farmers are table potato varieties that are not suitable for making chips. The research aims to obtain raw material varieties suitable for national chips industry. The study was arranged using a Randomized Complete Block Design with 4 Replications. The number of genotypes tested was 6 genotypes derived from breeding programs of Ministry of Agriculture, the plant population per plot was 60 plants. The test results obtained the Bonito Agrihorti variety with very good quality attributes of processed chips such as high Specific Gravity (Sg) of 1.080, low reducing sugar of 0.07%, high starch content of 11.44% and also high yield productivity of 24.5 ton Ha-1. Test frying was obtained that Bonito Agrihorti showed excellent due to taste, chip color, crispness, appearance with a score of 4. The impact of the results of this study can be used as a recommendation for potato chip growers as well as industries to use the Bonito Agrihorti variety as an industrial raw material and can substitute imports industrial potato raw materials.
Analysis of Curly Red Chili Farming at Farmer-Level in Kerinci Highland
Authors: Edi S , Syafri Z R , Nurhayati N , Meilin A
Published: December 2023

Curly red chili (Capsicum annum L.) is a horticultural commodity with high economic value and a big role in domestic needs, export commodities, and the food industry. Chili production at Kerinci farmer level still needs to be increased due to low knowledge of chili cultivation technology, pest attacks, and the use of superior varieties. This research aims to determine cultivation technology and farming analysis of curly red chili in Kerinci Highlands. The research was carried out at the chili production center in Sungai Lintang Village, Kayu Aro Barat District, Kerinci Regency, from October to December 2022. Brief understanding of rural areas by meeting with village community leaders and chili producers followed by interviews with selected respondents using a questionnaire of 30 farmers consisting of three groups. Each group consists of 10 farmers based on the chili planting time in early 2022. Analysis of chili farming that uses plastic mulch with productivity of 8,860 kg/ha and without plastic mulch with 6,480 kg/ha. Economically, chili farming at the farmer level in Kerinci is profitable with an R/C ratio of 1.47 and a B/C ratio of 2.47 for respondents using plastic mulch and an R/C ratio of 0.83 and B/C ratio of 1.83 for respondents without plastic mulch.
Manipulation of flowering and fruiting induction through branch bending and fertilizer application in mandarin citrus cv. Batu 55
Authors: Devy N.F. , Hardiyanto  , Sugiyatno A. , Mufidah Lyli
Published: December 2023

Shoot modification for triggering flowering and fruiting induction in tropical mandarin citrus is not extensively documented, hence this research is critically important. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of branch bending and fertilizer application on flowering and fruiting, hormonal level status, and physiological features in mandarin citrus cv. Batu 55. From May 2021 to March 2022, the investigation was carried out at Farmer‘s citrus orchard Dau in Malang (1,300 m above sea level), East Java, Indonesia. Bending (B1) or unbending (B0) and fertilizer (F1) or no fertilizer (F0) treatments were performed on existing three-year-old Mandarin cv Batu 55 trees with a planting distance of 3 x 3 m. The experiment was set up in a factorial randomized block design with four interaction treatments (B0F0, B0F1, B1F0, B1F1) and three replications. When compared to the control, the bending treatment with fertilizer application treatment raised the percentage of flowering plants by 100%. Five and nine months after treatments, the amount of fruit produced and harvested by this treatment was more than 19 and 1.6 times that of control plants, respectively. Branch bending and unbending treatments had relatively similar effects on the endogenous hormonal status and physiological behavior. Branch bending at the appropriate time of year may be beneficial in stimulating flowering and fruiting in mandarin cv Batu 55.
Mapping of chili varieties by vitamin C levels
Authors: Kirana Rinda , Deswina Puspita , Dwiatmini Kristina , Harmanto
Published: December 2023

One of the secondary metabolites produced by chili peppers is ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid, better known as vitamin C, is a supplement that is widely consumed by humans. The study aims to map 37 varieties of chili peppers, consisting of 19 varieties of big chilies, 10 varieties of curly chilies and 8 varieties of cayenne peppers based on vitamin C levels. The chili peppers under study were planted at Lembang, West Java in March and harvested in August 2020. Measurements of vitamin C levels were conducted using the HPLC method. Vitamin C level data were mapped using the PAST 3.1 statistics program. The study succeeded in mapping chili varieties based on vitamin C levels to very low (2 varieties), low (10 varieties), medium (11 varieties), high (13 varieties), and very high (1 variety) categories. Big chili vitamin C levels ranged from 77.4 to 158.3 and averaged 122.7, curly chili vitamin C levels ranged from 92.9 to 168.0 and averaged of 137.5, and cayenne peppers vitamin C levels ranged from 45.6 to 144,9 with and averaged 92.2. The research showed that curly chilies had higher levels of vitamin C than big chilies and cayenne peppers.