bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Varieties of mobility measures: Comparing survey and mobile phone data during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kalleitner Fabian , Schiestl David W. , Heiler Georg
Published: October 2021

Human mobility has become a major variable of interest during the COVID-19 pandemic and central to policy decisions all around the world. To measure individual mobility, research relies on a variety of indicators that commonly stem from two main data sources: survey-self-reports and behavioral mobility data from mobile phones. However, little is known about how mobility from survey self-reports relates to popular mobility estimates using GSM and GPS data. Spanning March 2020 until April 2021, this study compares self-reported mobility from a panel survey in Austria to aggregated mobility estimates utilizing (i) GSM data and (ii) Google's GPS-based Community Mobility Reports. Our analyses show that correlations in mobility changes over time are high, both in general and when comparing subgroups by age, gender, and mobility category. However, while these trends are similar, the size of relative mobility changes over time differs substantially between different mobility estimates. Overall, while our findings suggest that these mobility estimates manage to capture similar latent variables, especially when focusing on changes in mobility over time, researchers should be aware of the specific form of mobility different data sources capture.
STATISTIK PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Handayani Ni Nyoman Lisna , Suardipa I Putu
Published: October 2021

Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kepada Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa/Tuhan Yang Maha Esa karena beliau telah memberikan anugrah kekuatan dan pencerahan pikiran sehingga buku ajar yang berjudul “Statistik Pendidikan” dapat diselesaikan sesuai rencana. Buku ini membahas tentang: 1) Statistik Deskriptif 2) Aplikasi Metode Statistika dalam analisis instrumen, 3) Uji Persyaratan Analisis, 4) Analisis Varian (5) Uji Perbedaan Rerata (Mean), 6) Analisis Regresi Linear Ganda (Jamak/Multiple) Menyadari buku ini masih jauh dari sempurna dan mungkin banyak terdapat kesalahan atau kekeliruan, namun, seiring dengan tujuan dan manfaat buku ini, semoga buku ini dapat memberikan sumbangan yang berarti bagi perkembangan dunia pendidikan.
TEKNOLOGI PENGHANTARAN OBAT TERKENDALI
Authors: Noval Noval , Malahayati Siti
Published: October 2021

Buku Teknologi Penghantaran Obat Terkendali ditulis untuk memberikan dasar-dasar pengetahuan, berupa teori-teori, prinsip-prinsip dan aplikasi pembuatan sediaan yang terkendali atau modifikasi dari tahap awal hingga akhir. Buku ini menjadi dasar dalam rangka pengembangan keilmuan dan penelitian di bidang teknologi sediaan farmasi, khususnya teknologi penghantaran obat yang makin tahun makin maju. Buku ini ditujukan kepada mahasiswa, teman sejawat maupun pembaca lainnya yang ingin mengambil manfaat dari buku ini. Tentu jika mencari kekurangan dari buku ini penulis menjamin akan ditemui banyak kesalahan dan kekurangan, sehingga penulis berharap adanya masukan dan kritik yang membangun demi perbaikan di masa yang akan datang.
BUKU AJAR MODEL PENDIDIKAN AGAMA HINDU BERBASIS GLOKALISASI DAN PARADIGMA REKONSTRUKSI SOSIAL VYGOTSKY
Authors: Handayani Ni Nyoman Lisna , Suardipa I Putu
Published: October 2021

Penerbitan Buku ajar ini harus dijadikan sebagai momentum dalam mempersuasikan para Insan akademis lainnya untuk terus berkontribusi pemikiran, gagasan dan visi terkait proyeksi pengembangan kemampuan kognitif. Dalam buku ini para penulis dengan latar belakang keilmuan pendidikan dasar mencoba memotret peluang dan apa yang harus dilakukan oleh Perguruan Tinggi secara umum dan apa yang harus dilakukan oleh Dosen sebagai tenaga akademisi. Pendidikan merupakan sebuah keniscayaan bagi sebuah Negara dalam rangka mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa, tidak ada Negara yang maju tanpa mengabaikan pendidikan. sebesar negara- negara maju seperti Jepang sekalipun, ia tidak pernah meninggalkan dunia pendidikan sebagai basis pembangunan sumberdaya manusianya. Oleh karena itu, berbagai tantangan dalam dunia pendidikan yang ada saat ini, hendaknya tidak dijadikan sebagai alas an untuk berhenti berbuat dan berkontribusi secara nyata bagi masyarakat. Saat anda berhenti, maka disaat itulah kemunduran sebuah bangsa akan terjadi, tanpa anda sadari.
On the use of the results of positive experience in the digital economy of agricultural production
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia, Semin Alexander N. , Drokin Veniamin V. ,   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia, Zhuravlev Alexey S. ,   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
Published: October 2021

The article substantiates the necessity and possibility of using it in the digital agricultural economy as one so far underestimated object of its development: scaling the results of positive experience in organizing agricultural production using traditional long-used technologies (past experience). On the example of a simple design model of production costs, a methodological scheme for selecting potential participants for the exchange of positive results of their experience in organizing agricultural production is shown. Among the main problems hindering the wide dissemination of positive experience in the organization of agricultural production, one should consider the lack of the necessary motivation in the conditions of market relations for the exchange of positive results of the experience accumulated by agricultural producers.
Improving the economic efficiency of cattle breeding on 137Cs-contaminated agricultural land
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Obninsk, Kaluga region, Russia, Sarukhanov Vladimir .Ya.
Published: October 2021

After the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, significant territories of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus were in the zone of radioactive contamination. Agricultural production in territories contaminated with radio-nuclides is advisable only when obtaining environmentally safe products. In order to obtain environmentally safe food products and break-even animal husbandry, especially in ecologically unfavorable territories, it is necessary to intensify production by selecting breeds of cattle, the cultivation of which is most effective for the conditions of a particular region. There are various techniques for reducing the content of 137Cs in beef and milk, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages. If the use of sorbents requires additional costs, then in the presence of feed slightly contaminated with radio-nuclides, it is possible to obtain livestock products (meat, milk) that meet regulatory indicators without increasing the cost price. The use of sorbents in the production of milk in radionuclide-contaminated areas is advisable if there is processing of dairy raw materials in producing farms. The animals of the Aberdeen-Angus, Simmental meat type and Hereford breeds are the most suitable for beef production in areas contaminated with radio-nuclides. Their breeding, even with a high level of contamination of the diet, will allow you to obtain environmentally friendly meat products.
Regional factors of grain crop yield growth in the dynamics of recent years
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Science Institution “Institute of Agrarian Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences”, Saratov, Russia, Bondarenko Yuriy P.
Published: October 2021

In view of the significant increase in grain production in Russia, a methodological approach is proposed to analyze the significance of regional factors of grain crop yield growth in the country in recent years, especially against the background of the lack of expansion of acreage under grain crops. Based on the results of the calculations, the effectiveness of the influence of climatic, financial, infrastructural and production factors on the growth of grain yield was described. It is concluded that various factors had different effects on the growth of grain crop yields in regions with high-, medium - and low-intensity grain production complex. The role of reducing the influence of financial factors on the growth of grain yields and a sharp increase in the role of agro-climatic conditions is noted. The revealed trend of increasing depreciation of fixed assets of agriculture as a whole is particularly emphasized, with a slight increase in the volume of their renewal and modernization in the leading regions in terms of grain crop yield growth. Without taking appropriate measures to reduce the depreciation of fixed assets in the near future, this will result in a sharp decline in the achieved volumes of grain production in the country.
Features of forecasting the development of the processing industry of the agro-industrial complex
Authors:   A.A. Nikonov VIAPI, branch of Federal Scientific Center of Agrarian Economy and Social Development of Rural Areas - VNIIESkH, Moscow, Russia, Goncharov Vladimir D.
Published: October 2021

The article discusses the issues of forecasting the development of the processing industry of the agro-industrial complex in conjunction with the development of agriculture. Much attention is paid to the assessment of the current state of the industry, as well as methodological approaches to substantiating the modernization of the material and technical base of the processing industry, to investment policy, to sources of financing, to the study of the seasonality of production, to the state regulation of the development of the processing industry are outlined.
Clinical Endocrinology: A Review of Adrenal Gland Hormonal and Endocrine Metabolic Disorders.
Authors: K Navya
Published: October 2021

The adrenal glands are controlled in part by the brain. The hypothalamus, a small area of the brain involved in hormonal regulation, produces corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and vasopressin (also known as antidiuretic hormone). Vasopressin and CRH trigger the pituitary gland to secrete corticotropin (also known as adrenocorticotropic hormone or ACTH), which stimulates the adrenal glands to produce corticosteroids. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, regulated mostly by the kidneys, causes the adrenal glands to produce more or less aldosterone. The body controls the levels of corticosteroids according to need. The levels tend to be much higher in the early morning than later in the day. When the body is stressed, due to illness or otherwise, the levels of corticosteroids increase dramatically.
Pediatric Endocrinology: Global Spread of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Neonatal and Permanent Treatment Using Sulfonylurea Drug Regimen Glibenclamide
Authors: Elnady Fawzy , A Gouda Hanaa
Published: October 2021

Pediatric endocrinology is a medical subspecialty dealing with disorders of the endocrine glands, such as variations of physical growth and sexual development in childhood, diabetes and many more. Permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM) is a rare form of diabetes characterized by insulin-requiring hyperglycemia that is diagnosed within the first months of life.Type 2 diabetes mellitus is emerging as a new clinical problem within pediatric practice. Aim of the Study An explosion of work over the last decade has produced insight into the multiple hereditary causes of a non-immunological form of diabetes diagnosed most frequently within the first 6 months of life. These studies are providing increased understanding of genes involved in the entire chain of steps that control glucose homeostasis. Neonatal diabetes is now understood to arise from mutations in genes that play critical roles in the development of the pancreas, of β-cell apoptosis and insulin processing, as well as the regulation of insulin release.
A Review Based Study of Diabetic Complications: Meta-Analysis in people with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: M.Al-Daghria Nasser , AhmedAnsaria Mohammed Ghouse , Sabicoa Shaun , Al-Salehab Yousef , J.Aljohaniac Naji , Alfawazad Hanan , Alharbie Mohammed
Published: October 2021

The prevalence of diabetes (DM) is constantly increasing worldwide at an alarming rate. According to the International Diabetes Federation in 2015, an estimated 415 million people globally were suffering from this condition. Complications of DM account for increased morbidity, disability, and mortality and represent a threat for the economies of all countries, especially the developing ones. The present special issue has been devoted to the recent progress in our understanding of diabetic complications, including the underlying molecular mechanisms, new diagnostic tools that facilitate early diagnosis, and novel treatment options. This special issue focuses on progress and challenges in basic and clinical research on these chronic complications of diabetes. The end-stage consequences of diabetic complications can include severe vision loss; end-stage renal disease necessitating dialysis or transplant; myocardial infarction and stroke; and amputations. Many of these life-threatening or disabling events can be preventable with proper “life-long” diabetes care and a healthy lifestyle.
Hyper Secretion of GH: Pituitary Gigantism
Authors: Ballin Anne
Published: October 2021

Gigantism refers to a condition characterized by extreme physical size and stature. By definition, this originates during infancy, childhood or adolescence, when epiphyseal growth plates remain open. Although the term gigantism may be applied to a number of non-hormonally mediated overgrowth conditions in children, it is often used to specifically denote growth hormone(GH) excess. GH excess during childhood and adolescence is extremely rare, with the total number of reported cases thus far numbering only in the hundreds. Herein we present such a case.
How to Deal Pituitary Adenomas: A Retro prospective Study
Authors:   Auctores Publishing LLC, Hosna Gomari Kreiter Serge, , Wael El-Adl Mustafa Afifi, , Henrik Suttmann Henrik Suttmann , Farouk el-Sayed Rania , Attia A M
Published: October 2021

Pituitary adenoma (PA) is a benign primary tumor that arises from the pituitary gland and is associated with ophthalmological, neurological and endocrinological abnormalities. However, causes that increase tumor progressing recurrence and invasiveness are still undetermined. Most adenomas are benign, approximately 35% are invasive and just 0.1% to 0.2% are carcinomas.Pituitary adenomas represent from 10% to 25% of all intracranial neoplasms and the estimated prevalence rate in the general population is approximately 17% Non-invasive and non-secreting pituitary adenomas are considered to be benign in the literal as well as the clinical sense; however a recent meta-analysis of available research has shown there are to date scant studies – of poor quality – to either support or refute this assumption. Etiology Adenomas which exceed 10 millimetres (0.39 in) in size are defined as macroadenomas, with those smaller than 10 mm referred to as microadenomas. Most pituitary adenomas are microadenomas, and have an estimated prevalence of 16.7% (14.4% in autopsy studies and 22.5% in radiologic studies). A majority of pituitary microadenomas often remain undiagnosed and those that are diagnosed are often found as an incidental finding, and are referred to as incidentalomas. Pituitary macroadenomas are the most common cause of hypopituitarism, and in the majority of cases they are non-secreting adenomas.While pituitary adenomas are common, affecting approximately one in 6 of the general population, clinically active pituitary adenomas that require surgical treatment are more rare, affecting approximately one in 1000 of the general population.
MiR-302: The Multifunctional MicroRNA
Authors: Ying Shao
Published: October 2021

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short single-stranded noncoding RNAs (20- to 25-nucleotide (nt) long) representing a class of small regulatory RNAs. By inhibiting the translation of target mRNAs, miRNAs regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally and thus play an important role in a wide range of cellular processes. Currently, there are two known types of miRNAs: intergenic and intronic miRNAs. Biogenesis of an intergenic miRNA starts with the synthesis of a primary miRNA transcript (pri-miRNA) catalyzed by types-II or -III RNA polymerase (Pol-II/III). Pri-miRNAs are processed in the nucleus by the ribonuclease Drosha into a miRNA precursor (pre-miRNA) approximately 60-nt in length. After being transported into the cytoplasm, these pre-miRNAs are further processed into mature and functional miRNAs by the cytoplasmic ribonuclease Dicer. Mature miRNAs then associate with a number of proteins to form the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) that bind with target mRNAs having total or partial complementary sequences to the miRNAs and initiate the inhibition of subsequent protein translation via RNA interference (RNAi).
Mechanisms by which Metformin Improves Mortality and Hospital Readmission in Diabetic Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: Bell David
Published: October 2021

From the UKPDS it was concluded that metformin decreased cardiac events. However, this only occurred in a small group of obese subjects while in a larger group failing sulfonylurea therapy the addition of metformin resulted in an increase in cardiac events [1]. Indeed, a meta-analysis of metformin studies has shown that overall metformin does not decrease cardiac events. However, if in this meta-analysis the group utilizing metformin and sulfonylurea combinations were removed from the analysis then there was a significant decrease in cardiac events with metformin monotherapy[2]. The major decrease in cardiac events, cardiac mortality and total mortality with metformin is likely due to a decreased susceptibility to develop heart failure. From Medicare billing records of 16,417 diabetic patients with heart failure discharged from hospital on metformin were compared to those with heart failure discharged on a sulfonylurea or insulin, mortality was reduced by 13% and readmission by 8%
Insulin-Mediated Glucose Metabolism: An Atherogenic Lipid Profile of Fructose Consumption
Authors: Kagotho Elizabeth
Published: October 2021

Our laboratory has investigated two hypotheses regarding the effects of fructose consumption: 1) The endocrine effects of fructose consumption favor a positive energy balance, and 2) Fructose consumption promotes the development of an atherogenic lipid profile. In previous short- and long-term studies, we demonstrated that consumption of fructose-sweetened beverages with 3 meals results in lower 24-hour plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, and leptin in humans compared with consumption of glucose-sweetened beverages. We have also tested whether prolonged consumption of high-fructose diets could lead to increased caloric intake or decreased energy expenditure, thereby contributing to weight gain and obesity. Results from a study conducted in rhesus monkeys produced equivocal results. Carefully controlled and adequately powered long-term studies are needed to address these hypotheses. In both short- and long-term studies we demonstrated that consumption of fructose-sweetened beverages substantially increases postprandial triacylglycerol concentrations compared with glucose-sweetened beverages. In the long-term studies, apolipoproteinB concentrations were also increased in subjects consuming fructose, but not those consuming glucose. Data from a short-term study comparing consumption of beverages sweetened with fructose, glucose, high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) and sucrose, suggest that HFCS and sucrose increase postprandial triacylglycerol to an extent comparable to that induced by 100% fructose alone. Increased consumption of fructose-sweetened beverages along with increased prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes underscore the importance of investigating the metabolic consequences fructose consumption in carefully controlled experiments.
Adrenal Gland Tumor: Current Approaches and Future Directions of Pheochromocytoma.
Authors: Narsimha Reddy Yellu , K Navya
Published: October 2021

Pheochromocytomas was a neuroendocrine tumor that arise from sympathetic and parasympathetic paraganglia. Because of the excess secretion of hormones, these tumors often cause debilitating symptoms and a poor quality of life. While medical management plays a significant role in the treatment of pheochromocytoma patients, surgical excision remains the only cure. Improved medical management and surgical techniques and an increased understanding of hereditary disease have improved the outcome of pheochromocytoma patients with benign disease; however, the outcome of patients with malignant disease remains poor. In this review, we discuss the presentation, diagnosis, management, and future directions in the management of this disease.
Pembuatan Proses Bisnis dan Standar Operasional Prosedur pada Dinas Pemuda, Olahraga dan Pariwisata Kota Balikpapan
Authors: Samuel Govery  , Wiranti Yuyun Tri , Natasia Sri Rahayu
Published: October 2021

Dinas Pemuda, Olahraga dan Pariwisata (DPOP) Kota Balikpapan berkedudukan dalam menyelenggarakan urusan pemerintahan di bidang kepemudaan dan olahraga serta pariwisata. DPOP Kota Balikpapan telah memiliki 15 dokumen SOP AP. Namun, dokumen SOP AP yang ada berasal dari tahun 2015 sehingga perlu dilakukan evaluasi. Selain itu, DPOP Kota Balikpapan belum memiliki pemetaan proses bisnis. Oleh sebab itu, dilakukan penelitian ini yang bertujuan untuk memodelkan proses bisnis serta menyusun SOP AP pada DPOP Kota Balikpapan yang sesuai dengan Permenpan RB RI Nomor 19 Tahun 2018 dan Permenpan RB RI Nomor 35Tahun 2012. Dengan menggunakan Business Process Model Notation (BPMN) untuk notasi proses bisnisnya dan flowcharts untuk notasi dalam menyusun dokumen SOP AP. Dari hasil penelitian ini didapatkan 15 as-is process yang kemudian dievaluasi menggunakan value-added analysis dan menghasilkan 15 to-be process serta 16 proses yang belum didokumentasikan ke dalam proses bisnis ataupun SOP AP, sehingga total proses yang dimodelkan dan disusun ke dalam proses bisnis dan SOP AP terdapat 31 proses.
Perceptions of Special Educators about Online Learning
Authors: Albahussain Wedad
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT This study aims to identify the challenges of implementing online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspectives of faculty members of pre-service teachers affiliated with the special education program at King Saud University (KSU). Four challenges have been investigated: those related to students, faculty members, technology, and administration. The study adopted the descriptive approach and used a survey as a data collection tool. The sample consisted of 55 faculty members working at the pre-service teachers’ programs affiliated with the special education department at KSU. Findings revealed challenges that hinder implementing online learning, as follows: challenges related to students was first, followed by those related to technology, faculty members and administration. The study concludes that such challenges should be sorted out to help achieve the objectives of online learning
Collaborative Online Learning: Plurilingual and Pluricultural Development
Authors: Polyakova O. , Goryacheva I. N. , Galstyan-Sargsyan R.
Published: October 2021

Background. The growing importance of international cooperation among universities have increased the number of joint training projects. Common Bologna principles followed by Russian and Spanish tertiary institutions helped perform a pilot study focused on telecollaboration and plurilingual and pluricultural competence implementation. The project aimed at forming plurilingual and pluricultural competence and communicative competence among students studying either English or Spanish or both through the integration of digital technologies into the learning process.

Methods. This 7-month study took place in Moscow (Russian Federation) and Valencia (Spain) from November 2019 to June 2020. Participants were university students aged 20–23 from Teaching Training Faculties from Lomonosov Moscow State University and CEU Cardenal Herrera University. The undergraduates who volunteered to participate in the focus group took part in five telecollaboration sessions (March-May 2020). The participants were divided into two mixed (50% Russian and 50% Spanish learners) subgroups and discussed suggested topics during online studentled bilingual sessions. After each online interaction, researchers collected their opinions through questionnaires and discussion with a lecturer.

Outcomes. All participants announced that the study gave them a chance to improve their language abilities, update their vocabulary and enhance their intercultural experience. None of the partakers reported having experienced any difficulty doing the project and only regretted that interaction time was too short. Additionally, lecturers were able to test new curricula implementation and assessment procedures.

Conclusions. The pilot study was feasible to deliver and there was a clear, satisfactory result with the focus groups participants and teaching staff.
Organization of Educational Environment at Pedagogical University: Concepts and Scenario of Changes
Authors: Makarenko A. N. , Smyshlyaeva L. G. , Volchkova I. V. , Pozdeeva S. I. , Semenova S. I.
Published: October 2021

The subjects of education satisfaction analysis with the teacher training results at the University was carried out. The training deficiencies and new challenges were identified, which made it possible to determine the guidelines for the development of pedagogical university. A variant to transform the organizational scheme of communications between university departments was presented to increase the efficiency of educational environment organization for professional training of future teachers.
Peculiarities of the University’s Educational Environment Implementation in the Organization of Future Teachers’ Pedagogical Practice
Authors: Chervonnyy M. A. , Vlasova A. A. , Shvaleva T. V. , Gazizov T. T.
Published: October 2021

The article addresses contradictions between the existing and predicted tendencies in the organization and content of pedagogical practices. Through the analysis of teacher training programs, the need for student educational practice has also been established, which provides a solution to a wider range of professional tasks. The revealed contradictory nature made it possible to formulate the problem: what can be a trigger for the initiative acquisition by a future teacher of the experience in solving professional problems? Primary attention in solving this problem is paid to the conditions for the manifestation of personal student initiatives: the creation of platforms for dialogue, the provision of a periodic process of transition from practice to theory and vice versa, the use of operators of semiotic diagnostics of changes in students’ personal interests. The article presents the experience of organizing the educational environment, which provides future teachers with a modern range of professional probation. The options for the organization of official student practice are presented, including the development of online classes of educational and leisure activities of schoolchildren. This model contributes to the manifestation of students’ personal initiatives, both within the training profile and in the sphere of interdisciplinary intersections. The authors adduce the results of the questionnaire survey of students after the practice, showing their satisfaction with the chosen profession, a high level of motivation for mastering professional actions. The main methods and directions of organizing practices have been determined. They make it possible to ensure the predicted level of solving professional tasks by graduates.
Research Library's Role and Place in the Educational Environment of Pedagogical University
Authors: Frantcuzskaia E. O. , Semenenko N. A. , Medova N. A. , Gordeyeva E. A.
Published: October 2021

The paper provides some results of the library reader survey which allowed establishing the new role and place of the research library of a pedagogical university. The creative role of the research library determines the possible options of interaction between the library and scientific and educational departments of the pedagogical university. In the educational environment, the library becomes a “third place” between home and classroom.
Uzbekistan: New Milestones of Higher Education Internationalization
Authors: Troitskiy E. F. , Yun S. M.
Published: October 2021

Modern Uzbekistan undergoes wide-scale social and economic reforms that include the modernization of higher education system. This paper aims at evaluating the actual and potential impact of the reforms in Uzbekistan’s higher education on the Russian universities’ opportunities to export education to Uzbekistan. Accordingly, the paper traces the evolution of the national higher education system under President Islam A. Karimov (from 1991 to 2016), analyzes the new priorities of higher education policies set by his successor Shavkat M. Mirziyoyev, shows their interlinkages with the transition to a new model of national development, and focuses on the objectives and instruments of higher education internationalization. Theoretically and methodologically, the research relies on the concepts of internal and external internationalization of higher education, Clark’s model of higher education system elements, and Trow’s concept of higher education massification levels. The authors show the scale and interconnectedness of higher education challenges that have been developing in Uzbekistan in the course of the 25 years of its independence. The authors argue that higher education internationalization has become a way to achieve a number of objectives, in particular to improve the quality of higher education, orient it to massification, make it more accessible in the country’s regional centers. The paper shows the parameters of internal and external internationalization of higher education in Uzbekistan that has demonstrated the unprecedented dynamics in post-Soviet countries. The paper underlines that the policy of rapprochement with Russia launched by Tashkent in 2016 has created exceptionally beneficial opportunities for Russian universities to work in Uzbekistan and attract Uzbek students. Four mid-term scenarios of higher education internationalization in Uzbekistan are suggested.
Financial Sustainability of the Russian Higher Education Institutions: Quantitative Analysis
Authors: Endovitsky D. A. , Korotkikh V. V. , Krivosheev A. V.
Published: October 2021

Purpose. Quantitative analysis and identification of determinants of Russian universities’ financial sustainability.

Methods. Non-parametric methods for data analysis and machine learning.

Results. We proposed two groups of working hypothesis. The levels of financial sustainability of Russian state universities are linked to internal environmental factors including the levels of financial management quality, income-generating activities scale, debt financing, fiscal discipline, academic and research-based activities scales. The levels of financial sustainability of Russian state universities are linked to external environmental factors and depend on the funding patterns and regional dimensions.

Conclusions. Special conditions for increased state funding are not sufficient to strengthen universities’ financial sustainability. Moreover, we have established the insignificance of the university geographical location influence on financial sustainability. We have come to a conclusion that both financial management efficiency and prior year financial sustainability have key roles to play in current sustainability formation. Universities with a large scale of income-generating activities are more financially stable due to the diversification of sources of financial support for their overall activities.
The Use of Digital Portfolio to Assess the Student Teachers’ Professional Skills
Authors: Tikhonova N. V.
Published: October 2021

Nowadays, digital technologies are widely used at all levels of education and are effectively integrated into diverse teaching and learning activities (transmission of information, educational projects, presentations, games, training, modeling, evaluation and competence assessment, etc.). Information and communication technologies are considered in this study as a key element of assessment of teacher student professional skills and competencies during school teaching practice. A digital portfolio is regarded as a form of authentic assessment of teaching practice and a way to improve teaching performance and to contribute to pre-service teachers’ professional growth. The purpose of the research is to analyze the opportunities and potential benefits as well as the disadvantages of using digital portfolio in teacher preparation course and to propose recommendations for the full realization of this method’s potential. The author analyzes the experience of Swiss teachers in using a digital portfolio to assess the results of student teaching practice. The research focuses on the role of the digital portfolio in developing the pre-service teachers’ ability to selfassessment and self-reflection.
Strong admissibility for abstract dialectical frameworks
Authors: Keshavarzi Zafarghandi Atefeh , Verbrugge Rineke , Verheij Bart
Published: October 2021

Abstract dialectical frameworks (ADFs) have been introduced as a formalism for modeling argumentation allowing general logical satisfaction conditions and the relevant argument evaluation. Different criteria used to settle the acceptance of arguments are called semantics. Semantics of ADFs have so far mainly been defined based on the concept of admissibility. However, the notion of strongly admissible semantics studied for abstract argumentation frameworks has not yet been introduced for ADFs. In the current work we present the concept of strong admissibility of interpretations for ADFs. Further, we show that strongly admissible interpretations of ADFs form a lattice with the grounded interpretation as the maximal element. We also present algorithms to answer the following decision problems: (1) whether a given interpretation is a strongly admissible interpretation of a given ADF, and (2) whether a given argument is strongly acceptable/deniable in a given interpretation of a given ADF. In addition, we show that the strongly admissible semantics of ADFs forms a proper generalization of the strongly admissible semantics of AFs.
Single-Task or Dual-Task? Gait Assessment as a Potential Diagnostic Tool for Alzheimer’s Dementia
Authors: Oh Chorong
Published: October 2021

Background: A person’s gait performance requires the integration of sensorimotor and cognitive systems. Therefore, a person’s gait may be influenced by concurrent cognitive load such as simultaneous talking. Although it has been known that gait performance of people with Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) is compromised when they attempt a dual-task walking task, it is unclear if using a dual-task gait performance during an AD assessment yields higher diagnostic accuracy. Objective: This study was designed to compare the predictive power for AD of dual-task gait performance in an AD assessment to that of single-task gait performance. Methods: Participants (14 with AD and 15 healthy controls) walked across the GAITRite© Portable Walkway mat under three different cognitive load conditions: no simultaneous cognitive load, walking while counting numbers by ones, and walking while completing category naming. Results: Multiple logistic regression revealed that the gait performance under a dual-task condition (i.e., concurrent counting or category naming) increased the proportion of variance explained by the FAP, SL, and DST, of the incidence of AD. Conclusion: Dual-task walking and talking may be a more effective diagnostic feature than single-task walking in a comprehensive AD diagnostic assessment.
The Effects of Virtual Reality-Based Education on Empathy and Understanding of the Physical Environment for Dementia Care Workers in Australia: A Controlled Study
Authors: Stargatt Jennifer , Bhar Sunil , Petrovich Tanya , Bhowmik Jahar , Sykes David , Burns Kelly
Published: October 2021

Background: There is support for the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) technology in dementia education. However, it is not yet known if VR is a useful tool for improving empathy and understanding of dementia care environments among dementia care workers. Objective: This study compared learning outcomes of VR versus non-VR (control) workshops for dementia care workers of different ages and English-speaking backgrounds. Methods: Dementia care workers enrolled in workshops on dementia care principles. Once participants were enrolled, workshops were assigned at random to deliver non-VR or VR-based education. Participants (N = 114, 91.8%female, mean age = 46.4; SD = 13.2; n = 60VR condition, 54control condition) completed self-report measures of empathy towards people living with dementia, understanding of dementia care environments, dementia knowledge, and attitudes towards dementia at pre- and post-workshop. Results: Significant pre-post main effects were observed for empathy, understanding of dementia care environments, and attitudes. Interaction effects were not found; improvements in outcomes were similar between conditions. However, interaction effects were observed for subgroups. Empathy improved significantly more in the VR condition for older participants. Understanding of dementia care environments improved more in the VR condition for younger and non-English-speaking background participants. Conclusion: Using VR may not augment teaching outcomes for all learners. VR may differentially assist leaners of different ages and English-speaking backgrounds. More research is needed to understand for which variables and for whom VR is a useful teaching tool.
Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour in People with Myasthenia Gravis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alsop Tahlia , Williams Katrina , Gomersall Sjaan
Published: October 2021

Background: Despite improvements in the medical management of myasthenia gravis (MG) in recent years, patients continue to report poor health and wellbeing outcomes such as high levels of fatigue, reduced quality of life (QoL), walking limitation and lowered balance confidence. Physical activity has been shown to be associated with these outcomes in other populations, however, there has been limited research in adults with MG. Objective: To describe physical activity and sedentary behaviour in adults with MG and to explore associations between these behaviours and fatigue, QoL, balance confidence and walking limitation. Methods: A self-report online survey was used to assess physical activity, sedentary behaviour, fatigue, QoL, balance confidence and walking limitation in adults with MG. Multiple linear regression was used to examine associations and descriptive statistics were used to analyse participant characteristics, physical activity, and sedentary behaviour. Results: Eighty-five adults with MG were included (mean age 48±16 years). Over half of participants (n = 53, 62.4%) reported sufficient physical activity to meet public health guidelines. Participants reported an average of 9 h/day of sedentary time (mean 9.0±3.5). Physical activity and fatigue (R2 = 0.196), QoL (R2 = 0.330), walking limitation (R2 = 0.305) and balance confidence (R2 = 0.304) were significantly (p < 0.05) and positively correlated, with no associations found for sedentary behaviour. When patterns of physical activity and sedentary behaviour were combined, lower fatigue (R2 = 0.213), higher QoL (R2 = 0.364), reduced walking limitation (R2 = 0.341) and higher balance confidence (R2 = 0.279) was observed in patients who had greater physical activity levels (> 150 mins/week) and lower sedentary time (< 10 h/day). Conclusions: Higher physical activity and lower sedentary behaviour is associated with favorable health and wellbeing outcomes in adults with MG. Further research is required to ascertain whether these behaviours may be an appropriate target intervention to improve outcomes in this population.
Upregulation of HOX genes promotes cell migration and proliferation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Aguiar Graziela de Moura , Ramão Anelisa , Plaça Jessica Rodrigues , Simões Sarah Capelupe , Scaraboto Natália Volgarine , Freitas-Castro Felipe , Cardoso Cibele , Sousa Josane de Freitas , Silva Wilson Araújo
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND:

Expression dysregulation of HOX homeobox genes has been observed in several cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC). Although characterization of HOX gene roles in HNSC development has been reported, there is still a need to better understand their real contribution to tumorigenesis.

OBJECTIVE:

The present study aimed to evaluate the contribution of the protein-coding HOX genes ( HOXA10, HOXC9, HOXC10, and HOXC13) in cellular processes related to carcinogenesis and progression of the HNSC.

METHODS:

Expression of HOX genes was analyzed in HNSC RNA-Seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and by RT-qPCR in different tumor cell lines. siRNA-mediated knockdown of HOXA10, HOXC9, HOXC10 or HOXC13 was performed in HNSC cell lines, and predicted transcriptional targets HOX genes was analyzed by bioinformatic.

RESULTS:

Thirty-one out of the 39 mammalian HOX genes were found upregulated in HNSC tissues and cell lines. The HOXC9, HOXC10 or HOXC13 knockdown attenuated cell migration, and lead to downregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, which were predicted as transcriptional targets of these three HOX genes. Diminished colony formation and cell cycle arrest after HOXC10 or HOXC13 knockdown were also observed, corroborating the fact that there was an enrichment for genes in proliferation/cell cycle pathways.

CONCLUSIONS:

In summary, we revealed roles for HOXC9, HOXC10, and HOXC13 in cell migration and proliferation/cell cycle progression in HNSC cells and suggested that those HOX members contribute to HNSC development possibly by regulating tumor growth and metastasis.
Physical work conditions and perceived health problems among informal automobile artisans
Authors: Afolabi Funmilayo Juliana , Beer Paul de , Haafkens Joke A
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Automobile car repair requires intensive activities. Several studies have described different work characteristics of automobile artisans’ work. However, the effects of physical work conditions (PWC) on worker health outcomes are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore which of the PWC have high negative impact on worker’s health outcomes, and whether the same conditions affected both illnesses and injuries. METHODS: A cross-sectional design and a multistage method were used to randomly select 632 workers. A structured self-reported questionnaire was used to obtain information on dependent variables (illness/injuries) and independent variables (PWC). The results were analysed using the chi-square test and logistic regression analysis, while controlling for occupation. RESULTS: Workers who manually lifted heavy items or orally sucked petrol regularly reported illnesses and injuries. Long work experience and long working hours were significantly associated with illness, whereas prolonged standing was significantly related to injuries. Contrary to our initial expectation, workers who regularly worked at 2 m or higher above the ground level tended to report less illness and injury. CONCLUSIONS: PWCs were more significantly related to work-related illnesses than injuries. Therefore, interventional programs for automobile artisans should focus on the PWC that increase worker vulnerability to work-related illnesses.
THEORETICAL STUDY OF THE PRINCIPLES OF MODERN BACTERIOPHAGIC THERAPY
Authors: Yerkhova Anna , Katynska Maryna
Published: October 2021

Phagotherapy is an approach to treating bacterial infections using bacteriophages. Bacteria viruses can be used as an alternative to antibiotics in the widespread development of antibiotic resistance among microbial strains. This problem becomes more and more over time because of the misuse of antibiotic therapy. In the nature of bacteriophages have already laid specificity for certain microbes, while they do not harm the human body. Treatment using bacterium viruses provides an alternative to traditional methods in bacterial infections. It remains possible to develop bacterial resistance to bacteriophages, but such resistance is easier to overcome than antibiotic resistance. Because bacteriophages can evolve, like bacteria, causing resistance to disappear. Bacteriophages are specific and exhibit their effect on one or more species, (Maghsoodi, Chatterjee, Andricioaei, ＆ Perkins, 2019) while traditional antibiotic therapy affects both harmful bacteria and the rest of the human body microflora. It is the peculiarity of bacteriophages to exhibit their therapeutic effect on a limited range of microbes make them safe for beneficial bacteria (Choudhury, Tanmoy, Maiti, Biswajit, Venugopal, Karunasagar, ＆Indrani, 2019). Also, a significant advantage is that lytic viruses of bacteria, unlike antibiotics, do not cause bacteriostat, but have only a bactericidal effect, which prevents a possible relapse of the infectious process for a longer period. Some scientists suggest the theory that administering one dose of bacteriophages is enough to cope with the causative agent of the disease, but the main criterion is the immune clearance of phages. Also, a significant advantage in favor of using of bacteriophage drugs is those bacteriophages are distributed throughout the globe, in addition, their composition and species diversity are huge. From this point there is one minus - in our time, the mechanism of patenting phages remains incomprehensible. For pharmaceutical companies, there are many questions about the biodiversity sharing, as it is necessary to amend various protocols. However, despite this, bacteriophages bred in the laboratory attract the attention of scientists in the field of intellectual property(Saha,&Mukherjee, 2019). The article contains a classification of bacteriophages, a description of the mechanism of action on bacteria and their recognition, a comparison of bacterium viruses with antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to describe the modern classification of bacteriophages, to substantiate the use of cellular phages, and to describe the principles of bacteriophages treatment of diseases associated with the respiratory system.
Tendência e perfil da morbimortalidade por infarto agudo do miocárdio no Brasil
Authors: Meireles Antônio Alexandre Valente , Silva Filho Francisco Pereira da , Martins Rafael Simplício , Moraes Thelio Ferreira Magno de , Araújo Maria Helena Mendonça de
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: Analisar a tendência e traçar o perfil epidemiológico da morbimortalidade por Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio (IAM) no Brasil, entre 2010 e 2019. Pergunta Problema: Qual a tendência da prevalência da morbimortalidade por Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio no Brasil? Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, do tipo série temporal, com dados obtidos através do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) e do Sistema de Internações Hospitalares (SIH). Foram calculados coeficientes de incidência de internações e de mortalidade, de acordo com projeções do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística sendo incorporados no software SPSS 20.0 para determinação de tendências temporais por regressão linear de Prais-Winstein, com cálculo da Variação Percentual Anual (VPA) e Intervalo de Confiança de 95%, e valor de p<0,05. Resultados: Foram registradas 992.504 internações por IAM no país, com predomínio bruto no Sudeste, e ajustado no Sul. Observou-se maior prevalência na cor/raça branca e sexo masculino. Foram 113.907 os óbitos, com coeficiente médio de mortalidade de 5,61, com predomínio absoluto no Sudeste, e ajustado no Sul, percebendo-se predominância na cor/raça branca e sexo masculino. Percebe-se morbidade mais precoce em homens e mortalidade mais tardia nas mulheres. A tendência de prevalência para incidência de internações foi crescente, com VPA=+1,62% (IC95% 0,05; 3,23; p=0,037), assim como para mortalidade, com VPA=+5,20 (IC95% 4,65; 5,75; p<0,0001). A tendência crescente estatisticamente significativa foi evidenciada em todas as regiões do país.