bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gut Microbiota Profiles of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients with Anxiety or Depression
Authors: widhani alvina , Gebrina Meutia , Putranto Rudi , Abdullah Murdani , Rinaldi Ikhwan , Djauzi Samsuridjal , Suyatna Fransiscus D. , Dewi Beti Ernawati , Yasmon Andi , Rahayu Susan
Published: September 2021

Background

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) often experience anxiety and depression. Recent studies have shown involvement of intestinal dysbiosis in SLE and also psychosomatic disorders. However, there are no reports on the gut microbiota profile of patient with both conditions: SLE and anxiety or depression. We aimed to study gut microbiota profiles among SLE patients with gastrointestinal symptoms and anxiety or depression by sequencing V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene from the stool samples.
Results

Of the 41 SLE patients who participated in the study, 53.66% had anxiety and 14.63% had depression. We found a higher proportion of Bacteroidetes and lower diversity indices in patients with anxiety than in those without anxiety. We also found a higher proportion of Bacteroidetes and lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratios and diversity indices in patients with depression than in those without depression. Moreover, compared to other groups, patients with symptoms of both anxiety and depression had the highest proportion of Bacteroidetes and lowest proportion of Firmicutes, Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratios, and diversity indices. Further analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between the proportion of Bacteroides and the anxiety score (r = 0.349; p = 0.03) as well as with lupus activity (r = 0.36; p = 0.02). There was also significant correlation between diversity indices and lupus activity (r= -0.34; p = 0.03 for Chao1 index, r= -0.38; p = 0.01 for Shannon index, and r= -0.33; p = 0.03 for richness index).
Conclusions

SLE patients with both anxiety and depression showed more unfavorable gut dysbiosis parameter compared to SLE patients with only anxiety or depression and SLE patients without anxiety or depression. There was positive correlation between proportion of Bacteroides and lupus disease activity and negative correlation between diversity indices and lupus disease activity.
Partitioning of REE between calcite and carbonatitic melt containing P, S, Si at 900-650 °C and 100 MPa
Authors: Chebotarev Dmitry A. , Wohlgemuth-Ueberwasser Cora
Published: September 2021

Many carbonatites host deposits of REE and HFSE, and fractional crystallization might be a potentially powerful mechanism controlling magma enrichment by these metals to economically significant values. At present, information about the control of fractional crystallization by partition coefficients of ore-forming elements at magmatic stage is incomplete. Here we present an experimental study of REE partitioning between carbonatite melt and calcite in the system CaCO3-Na2CO3 with varying amounts of P2O5, F, Cl, SiO2, SO3 at 650–900°C and 100 MPa using cold-seal pressure vessels and LA-ICP-MS. The presence of phosphorus in the system generally increases the distribution coefficients but its effect decreases with increasing concentration. The influence of temperature is great: at 900 − 770°C DREE ≥1, while at lower temperatures the values are below unity. Silicon also promotes the fractionation of REE into calcite, while sulfur contributes to the retention of REE in the melt. Our results imply that calcite may impose significant control upon REE fractionation at the early stages of crystallization of carbonatite magma and can be a closest proxy for monitoring the REE content in initial melt.
Functional IKK/NF-κB Signaling in Pancreatic Stellate Cells is Essential to Prevent Autoimmune Pancreatitis
Authors: Chan Lap Kwan , Tsesmelis Miltiadis , Gerstenlauer Melanie , Leithäuser Frank , Kleger Alexander , Maier Harald , Wirth Thomas
Published: September 2021

Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are resident cells in the exocrine pancreas which contribute to pancreatic fibrogenesis and inflammation. Studies on NF-κB in pancreatitis so far focused mainly on the parenchymal and myeloid compartments. Its function in PSCs during chronic pancreatitis has not been investigated. Here we show a protective immunomodulatory function of NF-κB in PSCs. Conditional deletion of NEMO(IKKγ) in PSCs leads to spontaneous pancreatitis with elevated circulating IgM, IgG and antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA) within 18 weeks. When further challenged with experimental chronic pancreatitis, NEMOΔCol1a2 mice show an exacerbated autoimmune phenotype characterized by increased infiltration of eosinophils, B and T lymphocytes with extremely reduced latency period. These mice fail to recover even 18 weeks after the induction of pancreatitis but show sustained fibrosis and elevated eosinophil infiltration. Transcriptomic profiling shows that NEMOΔCol1a2 mice display molecular signatures resembling autoimmune pancreatitis patients. Mechanistically, we show that PSCΔNEMO cells have higher fibrogenic activities (upregulated Col1a1 and Col3a1) and produce high levels of eotaxin-2 (CCL24) which contributes to eosinophil recruitment. Corticosteroid treatment strongly attenuates the autoimmune phenotype in NEMOΔCol1a2 mice. Our findings uncover an important and unexpected immunomodulatory role specifically of NF-κB in PSCs and its deregulation may be a trigger of autoimmune pancreatitis.
HPV vaccine hesitancy among medical students in China: A multicenter survey
Authors: zhou liangru , Wang Jian , Cheng Pengxin , Li Yue , Zhang Xin , Liu Guoxiang
Published: September 2021

Background: In order to examine HPV information sources, vaccine hesitancy, and the association between the two variables. An online survey of HPV information sources and vaccine hesitancy was conducted among Chinese medical students. Methods: The World Health Organization (WHO) Vaccine Hesitancy 3C model was used to evaluate reasons for respondents' vaccine hesitancy. A probit model was used to investigate the association between vaccine information sources and vaccine hesitancy. Results: The reported rate of vaccine hesitancy was 62.36%. Convenience was the primary factor for vaccine hesitancy in medical students, and 37.23% used a single source to obtain vaccine information. A multivariate analysis revealed that men were 9% more likely to be hesitant about the HPV vaccine than women. Respondents without partners were 15% less hesitant than those with a partner. Respondents receiving HPV information through the Internet were 12% less likely to report vaccine hesitancy than those receiving information from other information channels. Conclusions: HPV vaccine hesitancy requires more attention. Future studies could examine whether increasing vaccination locations and dissemination of information about the safety and effectiveness of HPV vaccines as well as using Internet media would help reduce medical students’ vaccine hesitancy and expand HPV vaccine coverage. Trial registration: The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki,and approved by the Harbin Medical University School of Health Management & nstitutional Research Board (reference No.HMUIRB20210006, approved on 30 June 2021).
1A Nationwide Analysis of U.S. Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Emergency Department Patients with Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Weinreb Joanne , Gavrilova Penina , Avery Jonathan , Murphy Sean M. , Pathak Jyotishman
Published: September 2021

BackgroundRacial and ethnic health disparities have been linked with inequalities in access to health care and outcomes. The present study considers whether inequalities persist between racial/ethnic groups among patients with mental health or substance use disorders who visit the emergency department (ED). MethodsWe analyzed data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) from 2012-2018, assessing health disparities among patients diagnosed with mental health or substance use disorders by observing whether significant differences exist in ED wait time and length of visit (LOV) for patients of different races/ethnicities. Stratified models were performed to further understand the impact of regions across the U.S., year, and triage level on the association analysis. ResultsFrom 2012-2018, non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic patients experienced significantly longer ED wait times and LOV as compared to White patients. Patients with private insurance experienced significantly shorter wait times compared to patients with self-pay, and shorter LOV than those with Medicaid/ Children’s Health Insurance Program, or Medicare. Male patients had significantly longer LOV compared to female patients. We observed year by year differences in wait times of non-Hispanic Black patients with improvement appearing between the years 2013 to 2016, while LOV remained consistently longer. We observed both regional and triage level differences, with the U.S. Northeast presenting with the most disparities. Additionally, we noted a general upward trend of SUD diagnoses. Conclusion Our analysis suggests that while there has been an overall improvement in median ED wait time through the years, non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic patients experience significantly longer ED wait time compared to non-Hispanic White patients. Additionally, non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic patients have a significantly longer ED LOV compared to non-Hispanic White patients.
Variation in waterlogging response among ecotypes of Trifolium subterraneum ssp. yanninicum and their relationships with site of origin
Authors: Enkhbat Gereltsetseg , Ryan Megan H. , Nichols Phillip G. H. , Foster Kevin J. , Inukai Yoshiaki , Erskine William
Published: September 2021

Background and AimsIn the annual pasture legume Trifolium subterraneum, ssp. yanninicum exhibits higher waterlogging tolerance than ssp. brachycalycinum and ssp. subterraneum. This study investigates waterlogging tolerance within ssp. yanninicum ecotypes and explores correlations with seedling phenotypic traits and site of origin eco-geographic variables.MethodsTwenty eight diverse ssp. yanninicum ecotypes collected from the Mediterranean region and four cultivars were grown in a controlled environment glasshouse. After 14 days of growth seedling traits were measured. After 21 days of growth, free-drained (control) and waterlogged treatments were imposed for 28 days. Eco-geographic variables were generated from ‘WorldClim’ using collection site locations.ResultsUnder waterlogging, shoot relative growth rate (RGR) ranged from 87–108% and root RGR ranged from 80–116% of controls. Waterlogging reduced shoot dry weight (DW) in four of 32 genotypes, while root DW was reduced in 13 genotypes. Leaf size was maintained, or even increased, under waterlogging in 31 genotypes. However, petiole length was more affected by waterlogging and has value as a waterlogging tolerance indicator. Waterlogging tolerance was not significantly correlated with seedling DW, flowering time or precipitation at the site of origin, while shoot growth under waterlogging had a positive correlation with summer temperatures at origin.ConclusionsGenotypes of ssp. yanninicum tolerated transient waterlogging and greater tolerance was observed among ecotypes, rather than cultivars. An easy-to-measure indicator of tolerance was found in petiole length reduction. This study highlights untapped genotypic variability for breeders to improve the productivity and persistence of ssp. yanninicum under waterlogging.
Use of facemasks during the covid-19 pandemic in southeastern Nigeria: an observational study
Authors: Chukwuocha Uchechukwu Madukaku , Ogboeze Joshua Chisom , Bosede Ayoola Oluwaseun , Oduenyi Lilian Anulike , Chukwujekwu Amarachukwu Blessing , Okoye Sandra Chidubem , Madubuike Chigozirim Favour , Agu Amarachi Regina
Published: September 2021

Background

The use of facemask for the control of the spread of COVID-19 virus among the population has been recommended by the health authorities. This observational study was carried out to assess the use of facemask in Southeastern Nigeria.
Methods

Using a two-stage sampling technique, a total of 3100 participants were observed from both rural and urban settings. Frequency distribution tables were used to categories and describe the observed variables, Chi-square (X2) test was used to check for the association between categorical variables.
Results

Among the observed participants, 46.4% made use of facemask. The most common facemask used was cloth mask (28.6%). About 16.0% of the participants correctly used their facemasks. The highest usage was observed in the urban location (49.2%). A statistically significant association was found between facemask usage and study location (p < 0.001), also between the appropriateness of usage and age category (p < 0.001).
Conclusions

The observed rate of mask usage may not be able to protect the population against the spread of COVID-19, therefore adequate sensitization on the need for proper use of face masks by the public should be prioritized.
Chemical durability of Gd2Zr2O7 transparent ceramics under different pH conditions
Authors: Liu Kui , Zhang Kuibao , Li Weiwei , Yang Qian , Zhang Haibin
Published: September 2021

To study the influence of acidic and alkaline environments on the leaching behavior of Gd2Zr2O7 immobilization matrix in deep geological landfills, and to directly reflect the change of leaching behavior on its appearance, the chemical durability of Gd2Zr2O7 transparent ceramics was investigated in different pH environments in this study. The leaching results demonstrate that the normalized leaching rates in acidic environments are higher than those in alkaline and neutral environments. The transmittance of the leached transparent ceramics in the visible range decreases slightly at pH ≤ 9.0, and the macroscopic color of all samples fades after leaching. The leaching behavior leads to lattice contraction and increment of surface roughness, but it exhibits no significant effect on the surface elemental distribution. In conclusion, Gd2Zr2O7 transparent ceramics show excellent chemical durability in a weak alkaline environment, and the leaching behavior causes the discoloration of Gd2Zr2O7 transparent ceramics.
Fish and chips: the origin of human gene families is a predictor of the location of GWAS signals
Authors: Good Sara Victoria , Gotesman Ryan , Kisselev Ilya , Paterson Andrew D.
Published: September 2021

GWAS have identified thousands of loci associated with human complex diseases and traits. How these loci are distributed through the genome has not been systematically evaluated. We hypothesised that the location of GWAS loci differ between ancestral linkage groups (ALGs) related to the paralogy and function of genes. We used data from the NHGRI-EBI GWAS catalog to determine whether the density of GWAS loci relative to HapMap variants in each ALG differed, and whether ALG’s were enriched for experimental factor ontological (EFO) terms assigned to the GWAS traits. In a gene-level analyses we explored the characteristics of genes linked to GWAS loci and those mapping to the ALG’s. We find that GWAS loci were enriched or deficient in 9 and 7 of the 17 ALG’s respectively, while there was no difference in the number of GWAS loci in regions of the human genome unassigned to an ALG. All but 2 ALG’s were significantly enriched or deficient for one or more EFO terms. Lastly, we find that genes assigned to an ALG are under higher levels of selective constraint, have longer coding sequences and higher median expression in the tissue of highest expression than genes not mapping to an ALG. On the other hand, genes associated with GWAS loci have longer genomic length and exhibit higher levels of selective constraint relative to non-GWAS genes.Collectively, this suggests that understanding the location and ancestral origins of GWAS signals may be informative for the development of tools for variant prioritization and interpretation.
Hepatitis B prophylaxis in chronic myeloid leukemia patient on Tyrosine kinase inhibitor with previous hepatitis B infection: Case report and literature review
Authors: Alshurafa Awni , Abdalhadi Ahmed , Mudawi Deena , Yassin Mohamed A.
Published: September 2021

Hepatitis B virus reactivation is a well-known risk in cancer patients who are receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy and may result in different forms of liver injury including fulminant liver failure and death. There are increasing concerns regarding the risk of Hepatitis B reactivation among chronic myeloid leukemia patients who are receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Reactivation risk is not limited to chronic carrier patients but also involves people who have previous Hepatitis B virus infection. This report describes the importance of starting hepatitis B prophylaxis in a newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia patient who was found to have positive hepatitis B anticore antibody before starting tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
Isolated Caudate Lobectomy: Glissonean Pedicle Transection Method, and Combined Right–left Side Approach. A Case Series Report
Authors: Hiep Luong
Published: September 2021

Tumors located in caudate lobe may be primary tumors, or metastases from other sites. Isolated caudate lobectomy (ICL) is a challenging procedure due to its complex structure and location. The access route to caudatelobe has an important role in the success of the operation. A combined right and left side approach is recommended for benign or suspected malignant tumor located anterior to the vena cava or entirely in the caudate lobe, which radical resection of the caudate is necessary. We report two cases of successfully with Glissonean pedicle transection method described by Takasaki and combined right and left side approach. We found this to be a safe and effective approach, which can be applied to all case of benign tumors; or in the case of malignant tumors located entirely in the caudate lobe when extended hepatic resection is not possible due to poor liver function. or small remnant liver volume.
The Link Between Indoor Air Pollution From Cooking Fuels and Anemia Status Among Non-pregnant Women of Reproductive Age in Ethiopia.
Authors: Kanno Girum Gebremeskel , Geremew Temesgen , Diro Tesfaye , Musarapasi Stephen Vincent , wyk Renay Van , Sabokaa Biniam Tariku , Alembo Awash , Hussen Robel , Soboksa Negasa Eshete , Aregu Mekonnen Birhane
Published: September 2021

The effect of indoor air pollution from different fuel types on the anemia status among non-pregnant women of reproductive ages is rarely studied. This study aimed to assess the link between indoor air pollution from different fuel types and anemia among non-pregnant women of reproductive ages in Ethiopia. The secondary data from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data have been employed for this study. The women of reproductive age who were not pregnant at the time of the data collection were the study population and their anemia status was the outcome variable with multiple outcomes as (moderate to severe, mild, and no anemia) and households using biomass fuel and clean fuel were selected for this study. Multinomial logistic regression was employed to estimate the association of biomass fuel use with the anemia status of women in reproductive age controlling for age, body mass index, education level, exposure to household tobacco smoke, type of residence, wealth index, and region. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) was calculated at 95% Confidence Interval. An independent sample t-test was used to assess the mean difference in blood Hemoglobin level (g/dl) between biomass and clean fuel users. For all statistical tests, a p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. The proportion of anemia in women of reproductive age in Ethiopia was 41.8% and 19.4 % among biomass fuel and clean fuel users respectively. The mean blood hemoglobin level was 127.17(± 18.063) g/dl. In the multivariable multinomial logistic regression analysis, women of reproductive age who utilize biomass fuel for cooking were 33 % more likely to have mild anemia than households who use cleaner fuels, whereas the association of biomass fuel use with moderate to severe anemia was insignificant. When compared with non-pregnant women who use clean energy types, women who live in households that use biomass fuel have a lower (5.8 g/dl ) blood Hemoglobin level P < 0.001. The finding indicated that the use of biomass fuel was associated with reduced blood Hemoglobin levels and significantly associated with mild anemia levels in women of reproductive age in Ethiopia. Interventions that reduce or prevent indoor air pollution from biomass fuels must be implemented in Ethiopia.
Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Root Growth, Soil Water Depletion, and Water Use Efficiency of Cucumber
Authors: Parkash Ved , Singh Sukhbir , Singh Manpreet , Deb Sanjit K. , Ritchie Glen L. , Wallace Russell W.
Published: September 2021

Water scarcity is increasing in the world, which is limiting crop production, especially in water-limited areas such as Southern High Plains of the United States. There is a need to adopt the irrigation management practices that can help to conserve water and sustain crop production in such water-limited areas. A 2-year field study was conducted during the summers of 2019 and 2020 to evaluate the effect of deficit irrigation levels and cultivars on root distribution pattern, soil water depletion, and water use efficiency (WUE) of cucumber (Cucumis sativus). The experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with four irrigation levels [100%, 80%, 60%, and 40% crop evapotranspiration (ETc)] as main plot factor and two cultivars (Poinsett 76 and Marketmore 76) as subplot factor with three replications. Results showed that root length density (RLD) was unaffected by the irrigation levels in 2019. In 2020, the RLD was comparable between 100% and 80% ETc, and it was significantly higher in 100% ETc than both 60% Eand 40% ETc. Root surface area density (RSAD) was not significantly different between 100% and 80% ETc, and it was significantly lower in both 60% and 40% ETc than 100% ETc in both years. Soil water depletion was the highest in 40% ETc followed by 60% and 80% ETc, and it was least in 100% ETc in both years. Evapotranspiration (ET) was the highest in 100% ETc followed by 80%, 60%, and 40% ETc. The WUE was not statistically different among the irrigation treatments. However, numerically, WUE was observed in the following order: 80% ETc > 100% ETc > 60% ETc > 40% ETc. The RLD, RSAD, soil water depletion, and ET were not significantly different between ‘Poinsett 76’ and ‘Marketmore 76’. However, fruit yield was significantly higher in ‘Poinsett 76’ than ‘Marketmore 76’, which resulted in higher WUE in Poinsett 76. It can be concluded that 80% ETc and Poinsett 76 cultivar can be adopted for higher crop water productivity and successful cucumber production in SHP.
Mechanism Underlying Color Variation in Calla Lily Spathes Based on Transcriptomic Analysis
Authors: Fang Ying , Lei Ting , Wu Yanmei , Jin Xuehua
Published: September 2021

The calla lily (Zantedeschia hybrida) is a valued ornamental plant due to its unique shape and color variations. To determine the mechanisms responsible for color development in the calla lily spathe, we conducted a comparative transcriptomic analysis of the spathes of the black [Black Girl (B)], pink [Romantic (P)], and white [Ventura (W)] cultivars. The gene expression patterns in six spathe colors, including the preceding three colors as well as the amaranth [Promise (N)], red [Figo (F)], and yellow [Sun Club (Y)] cultivars were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Transcriptomic analysis identified 25,165 differentially expressed genes. The transcription abundance and expression level of genes annotated as anthocyanidin reductase (ANR1, ANR2), basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH1), and glutathione S-transferases (GST1) were significantly upregulated in B, and the expression of anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) was highest in B except for N. However, chalcone isomerase (CHI2) and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR1, DFR2) were expressed at significantly lower levels in P, W, and Y. Correlation analysis revealed that bHLH1 might act as a positive regulator of ANS expression, promoting anthocyanin synthesis. Moreover, GST1-encoded proteins may be related to the accumulation and transport of both anthocyanin and procyanidin in the calla lily spathe. It is speculated that the formation of the black spathe is related to the accumulation of anthocyanins and procyanidins. However, the low expression of CHI2, DFR1, and DFR2 may result in the inhibition of anthocyanin synthesis, which may lead to lightening of the spathe color. This preliminary study revealed the mechanism responsible for calla lily spathe color, identifying the key genes involved, thus providing effective gene resources and a theoretical basis for flower color molecular breeding.
EFFECT OF FREQUENCY OF HARVEST PLANT POPULATION AND N.P.K FERTILIZER ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF VERNONIA AMYGDALINA
Authors:   Nigeria Natural Medicine Development Agency., T.K. Patience , V.C. Nwachukwu ,   Nigeria Natural Medicine Development Agency., B.M. Inchikida ,   Nigeria Natural Medicine Development Agency., N. Danjuma ,   Nigeria Natural Medicine Development Agency., N.B. Fadok ,   Nigeria Natural Medicine Development Agency., N. Jacob ,   Nigeria Natural Medicine Development Agency., F.K Fatima ,   Department of Agriculture Engineering and Biomolecular Study Federal University of Technology, Minna.
Published: September 2021

The trial aimed at assessing the effect of frequency of harvest, plant population and N.P.K fertilizer of Vernonia amygdalina(Bitter leaf) was conducted at the Teaching and Research farm, University of Abuja, Nigeria. Split plot treatment arrangement fitted into a randomized complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications was used. Plant population used were10,000,stands/ha and 40,000 stands/ha and 4 weeks frequency of harvest. Data collected were Numbers of branches/plants Number of leaves /plants, Height/plant, leaf area index and dry matter/unit.The result of the study showed that the number of branches per plant in the plots that received N.P.K fertilizer was greater than those in the control plots. Leaf area per plant was drastically reduced in the control plots compared with those in plots that were treated with N.P.K 200kg and 400kg/ha were not significant.Frequency of harvest has significant effect on the leaf on the leaf area and dry matter weight of the plants. Stands planted at the spacing 1m(10,000 stands/ha) developed more in all the growth parameters than others one year after establishment.
MODELING CRITICAL FREQUENCY OF IONOSPHERE D-LAYER AT MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM OF THE SOLAR CYCLE 22WITH IRI-2016
Authors:   Laboratoire de Recherche en EnergetiqueetMeteorologie de lEspace (LAREME) de lUniversite Norbert ZONGO, BP 376 Koudougou, Burkina Faso., Roger Nakolemda , Emmanuel Nanema ,   Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquees et Technologies (IRSAT) du Centre National de la RechercheScientifique et Technologique (CNRST), 03 BP 7047 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso., Gedeon Sawadogo ,   Laboratoire de Recherche en EnergetiqueetMeteorologie de lEspace (LAREME) de lUniversite Norbert ZONGO, BP 376 Koudougou, Burkina Faso.
Published: September 2021

One of the interests of the study of the ionosphere lies in its importance for the transmission of radio waves in telecommunications. The ionospherebehaves as an obstacle to the passage of waves. Thus, the signals of short wavelengths are reflected by the F layer or the upper part of the sublayer E, while theD-layeris the seat of the reflection of low-frequencywaves. The presentstudyinvestigates the temporal variability of the criticalfrequency of the D-layer (for) using the 2016 version of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model under quiet day conditions during at maximum and minimum phase of solar cycle 22. The workisconductedat the Ouagadougou station, located in West Africa. The methodology of the workadopted for the determination of the parameter foDisbased on the calculation of the monthlyhourlyaverages of this variable obtainedwith the help of the model during the monthsthatcharacterize the seasons. The resultsobtained for the parameter for as a function of time during the minimum and maximum of the solar cycle 22 have been presented. The seasonal and temporal variations of the criticalfrequency of the ionosphereD-layer show that the foD values are lower during a minimum of the solar cycle and present maximum values at the Zenith (1200 TL) at a minimum and maximum. Theseresultsalsorevealthatthisparameter varies with time, season, and geographical position. The results of thisstudy show a criticalfrequencybelow 1 MHz during both phases of the solar cycle.
MONTHLY/SEASONAL STATISTICAL STUDY ON THE CONVERGENCE OF FOE AT THE OUAGADOUGOU STATION DURING THE SOLAR CYCLE 22
Authors:   Universite Norbert ZONGO, Laboratoire de Recherche en Energetique et Meteorologie de lEspace (LAREME), BP 376 Koudougou, Burkina Faso., Gedeon Sawadogo , Emmanuel Nanema ,   Universite Norbert ZONGO, Laboratoire de Recherche en Energetique et Meteorologie de lEspace (LAREME), BP 376 Koudougou, Burkina Faso.,   Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquees et Technologies (IRSAT), 03 BP 7047 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso., Roger Nakolemda ,   Universite Norbert ZONGO, Laboratoire de Recherche en Energetique et Meteorologie de lEspace (LAREME), BP 376 Koudougou, Burkina Faso.
Published: September 2021

In this paper we studied the variability of the peak of the critical frequency of the ionospheric E layer (foE) during the minimum and maximum phase of solar cycle 22 (SC22) at Ouagadougou station whose geographical coordinates are: 12.4Ã‚Â°N and 358.5Ã‚Â°E. We made a statistical study with the aim of highlighting the month which would have the value of foE which best converges towards the average of its corresponding season. We prove that the median months of each season have their critical frequencies (foE) that best converge to the average foE values of each season. Thus, for the winter, spring, summer and autumn seasons, the months best suited for a seasonal study of foE are January, April, July and October respectively at solar minimum and maximum. This study also revealed that foE varies according to the time of day, the season and the phase of the solar cycle at Ouagadougou station.
A CONCISE OVERVIEW ON HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS EXHIBITING PESTICIDAL ACTIVITIES
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Science, AKS University, Satna(M.P.) 485001, India., Yadav Shailendra , Singh Sushma ,   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Science, AKS University, Satna(M.P.) 485001, India., Gupta Chitrasen ,   Department of Chemistry, Kutir P.G.College Chakkey, Jaunpur(U.P.) 222146, India.
Published: September 2021

Heterocyclic compounds are numerous and diverse group of organic compounds. Heterocycles are abundantly found in nature and express various physiological properties. Heterocycles are intricately linked to all aspects of life. There are many heterocyclic compounds currently known, and the number is constantly rising owing to extensive synthetic development and their applications. Heterocyclic compounds are used significantly in a number of areas, including biochemistry and medicinal chemistry, and some others. They are predominantly synthesized in agrochemical and pharmaceutical industries due to their potential biological activities. This review article focuses on recently synthesized heterocyclic compounds and their different pesticidal activities such as antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, nematocidal, insecticidal, acaricidal, and herbicidal.
THE CONCEPTS OF LATAIF QURANIYYAH AND AL-SUHBAH AS RECENT INNOVATION IN REFLECTIVE TEACHING
Authors:   Research Centre for al-Quran and al-Sunnah, Faculty of Islamic Studies,Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia., Fakhrurrazi Mohammed Zabidi Ahmad , Mohammed Zabidi Mahfuzah ,   Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Pasir Gudang, Bandar Seri Alam 81750 Masai, Johor Malaysia., Tukiman Norbaiti ,   Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Pasir Gudang, Bandar Seri Alam, 81750 Masai, Johor, Malaysia., Najwa Hanani Abd. Rahman Nur ,   Academy of Islamic Civilization, Faculty of Social Science and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai,Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia., Abdullah Akmaliza ,   Academy of Islamic Civilization, Faculty of Social Science and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai,Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia., Azraai Jamsari Ezad ,   Research Centre for Arabic Language and Islamic Civilization, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
Published: September 2021

Learning methods in this Industrial Revolution 4.0 era extensively uses computers. This leads to effective abandonment of teacher-student relationship, namely al-Suhbah (Human bonding through social interaction). Excessive concern for syllabus completion and achievement in final exams focus on the cognitive domain of students, but neglect their psychomotor and affective domains. Reflective Teaching is very important in the aspect of students affective domain. Thus, this study highlights the combination of Lataif Quraniyyah (Quranic Subtleties) and al-Suhbah (Human Bonding) concepts as the main thrust for emphasizing the affective domain in order to balance it with the cognitive and psychomotor domains. This teaching innovation was implemented for students taking the course PPPN3103 al-Quran Education, for Semester 1 Session 2019/2020, and surprisingly proved effective in producing very positive results and impact on achieving the objectives or course learning outcomes outlined in Reflective Teaching.
SOCIAL WELFARE SCHEMES FOR DOMESTIC WORKERS IN INDIA
Authors:   School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal., Malik Shreya
Published: September 2021

Domestic Workers in India face the plight of low wages, insecure employment, exploitation and hostile working conditions. Most of them, being migrant workers, become ineligible to avail benefits of state-specific schemes governed by the labour department. Even otherwise, the social security benefits for domestic workers in India are minimal, both in the public as well as private sector. It becomes necessary to identify the loopholes in existing governance mechanism to direct domestic work towards formalization, similar to the work in construction or transportation sector. Also,standards for minimum wage rate and adequate working conditions must be set for domestic workers to protect them from being at the mercy of the employer.
ON THE ISSUE OF VERIFICATION OF THE RESULTS OF ELECTRO-PUNCTURE DIAGNOSTICS (EPD) IN THE COMPREHENSIVE PATIENT REHABILITATION WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (MI)
Authors: Fed Igor
Published: September 2021

The methods of studying the objective condition of the patient in the treatment and rehabilitation in traditional oriental medicine from pulse diagnostics to electro-puncture diagnostics (EPD) have been analyzed. It is noted that the development of medicine seeks to level the subjectivity of the diagnostician through the use of objective parameters of sympathetic and parasympathicotonia of representative of biologically active points (BAP). Methods that are not able to perform such a task (Folls EPD) cannot be considered scientific. The authors technique of the Nakatani EPD variant, protected by a patent, on the example of examination of patients with MI when prescribing cardioselective BAB is presented. The physiological indicators of maxima and minima of electro-skin potential of BAP as daily and monthly cycles of an organism are described by the east medicine considered. It is reasonable to believe that the physiological rhythms of the body recorded in the EPD are a valuable method of verification and interpretation of research results.
ART ACTIVISM: NOT JUST VISUAL APPEAL BUT A CATALYST FOR SOCIAL CHANGE
Authors: Gupta Jiya
Published: September 2021

As children, we are always taught to look at something in the world using the 3 Ws- What, When, and Why? So, when the researcher had the opportunity to explore the current role of art in shaping society, she delved deep into it. She questioned what art portrayed to individuals, why people were subconsciously influenced by the art around them, and when was the right time to use this creative tool to make an impact on society. She was pleasantly surprised to learn that even the primal forms of art in history had played an important role in social movements like the outbreak of feminism and political propaganda like war. She wants to explore the positive and negative sway art has over its audience. On an optimistic note, the researcher wants to explore a new model that can revolutionize the scene of social movements â€“ art activism. Artistic Activism is a dynamic practice combining the creative power of the arts to move us emotionally with the strategic planning of activism necessary to bring about social change. The goal of activism is Effect, and the goal of art is Affect- but can these goals intertwine to create something revolutionary? On the pessimistic note, she wants to explore how role stereotypes and the inequality depicted -not only in historic but in also contemporary art- manipulates our perception of the world and contributes to those suffocating labels in society. Can the mere subject of an artistic piece encourage our behaviour towards a certain aspect in society? Through a journey exploring the bane and boon debate of arts temporal power, the researcher hopes to establish its undeniable impact on both society and its individuals.
DISPARITES SOCIO-SPATIALES DE LACCES A LEAU DANSLA VILLE DANYAMA (DISTRICT DABIDJAN, COTE DIVOIRE)
Authors:   Institut de Geographie Tropicale, Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan (Cote dIvoire)., Wilfried Gautier Koukougnon , Kouadio Samuel Kouakou ,   Institut de Geographie Tropicale, Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan (Cote dIvoire)., Akou Don Franck Valery Loba ,   Institut de Geographie Tropicale, Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan (Cote dIvoire).
Published: September 2021

La presente recherche a pour objectif detudier les segregations socio-spatiales decoulant des difficultes dacces a leau potable dans la ville Anyama. En effet, bien que situe dans laire dinfluence theorique de la capitale economique Abidjan, la ville satellite dAnyama a linstar des autres se trouve confrontee a la problematique des inegalites de laccessibilite aux services deau. Pour latteinte de lobjectif detude, la methodologie deployee sarticule autour dune recherche documentaire, une observation directe, des entretiens et une enquete par questionnaire realisee avec plusieurs menages. Les resultats de notre recherche revelent que la ville dAnyama, ville peripherique de la capitale Abidjan, connaÃ®t une desserte segregative de lacces a leau potable. Laquellemanifeste par une disparite spatiale et quantitative des menages de la ville. Cette inegalite est imputable a uneplusieurs facteurs : offre deau inferieure aux besoins actuels des populations,etalement spatial inferieure a levolution du lineaire de reseau deau et conditions socio-economiques des menages.
ULUSLARARASI HUKUKUN ETKİSİZLİĞİNE KARŞI İDEALİST BİR ÇÖZÜM ARAYIŞI: BERTRAND RUSSELL’IN “DÜNYA FEDERAL DEVLETLERİ” DÜŞÜNCESİ
Authors: DEMİR Hande Seher
Published: September 2021

Bertrand Russell, 1917 ve 1921 yıllarında yazdığı kitaplarda, uluslararası düzeyde eşitsizliği, şiddeti ve uluslararası hukukun etkisizliğini ortadan kaldırmak için öneriler sunmuş; işaret ettiği sorunlara, idealist çözümler aramıştır. Russell’a göre, dünya coğrafyasına eşit dağılmamış hammadde ve kaynakların, uluslararası düzeyde eşitsizlik ve şiddet yaratmadan, devletlerin ihtiyaçlarını karşılayabilmesi ancak uluslar üstü organizasyonlar tarafından sağlanabilir. Devletler, ortak savunma ve kaynak politikaları geliştirmek üzere, egemenliklerini uluslar üstü organizasyona devretmeli; böylece dünya, kendine yetecek bloklara ayrılmalı; bloklar, diğeri için tehdit yaratmayacak güç ve dengede olmalıdır. Böylece çatışmaların ekonomik nedenleri ortadan kalkacak, uluslararası ilişkilere/hukuka duyulan ihtiyaç son bulacaktır. Anılan tezin günümüz anayasa hukuku paradigmasındaki karşılığının, ortak kaynak ve savunma konularında yasama ve yürütme egemenlik yetkilerinin güvenceli bir sistemle devredildiği “federal devlet” yapılanması olduğu ifade edilebilir. Çalışmada Russell’ın, dünyanın Amerika, Asya, Avrupa olmak üzere üç büyük bloka ayrılacağı öngörüsü incelenmiş; günümüzde NAFTA, USMCA, FTAA, AB, ŞİÖ, ASEAN gibi birliklerden oluşan blokların güç ve kaynak dengesinde oynadıkları rol üzerinde durulmuştur. Russell’ın tezlerinin organik ve fonksiyonel yönlerden günümüzde bulduğu karşılığın, uluslararası hukukun etkisizliğini ortadan kaldırmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
CONSTRUÇÃO, OTIMIZAÇÃO E ANCORAGEM MOLECULAR DE SUBSTÂNCIAS BIOATIVAS EM BIOMACROMOLÉCULAS: UM TUTORIAL PRÁTICO
Authors: Batista Victor , Farias Renan , Simões Leonardo , Nascimento-Júnior Nailton
Published: September 2021

CONSTRUCTION, OPTIMIZATION AND MOLECULAR DOCKING OF BIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN BIOMACROMOLECULES: A PRACTICAL TUTORIAL. In the last two decades, increasing advances in molecular biology and instrumental analysis for solving macromolecular structures have amplified the applicability of cheminformatics in drug discovery. In particular, molecular docking, an in silico structural-based method, has prospered as an efficient tool for understanding molecular interactions that drives formation of stable receptor-ligand systems. Brazil affords many research groups working hard on this subject; however, there is a lack of material in the Portuguese language, teaching how to apply molecular docking methodologies. Herein, we define and discuss a simple and low-cost workflow for molecular docking evaluation, comprising software installation (supplemental material) and how to use them for construction of small-molecules, perform docking calculations, analysis of the results and the preparation of quality figures. Given that, we have used free software and web-servers, as well as in silico tools supported by national funding agencies.
The Effect of STEM and STEM-Based Robotics Activities on Constructive Learning Environments Opinions of Teacher Candidates
Authors: Çalik Hatice , Altun Yalçın Sema
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study is to examine the effects of STEM and STEM-based robotic activities on constructivist learning environments in pre-service science teachers. The sample of this study, which was conducted in the 2018-2019 academic year, consists of 31 teacher candidates studying at the Faculty of Education, Department of Science Education. Mixed method was used in the study. A weak experimental design was used in the collection of quantitative data. In the research, "Constructivist Learning Environment Scale" was used in order to collect quantitative data. In addition, an open-ended "semi-constructivist interview form" created by the researcher was used to obtain qualitative data. Quantitative data was paired sample t-test, qualitative data was used content analysis method. According to the findings obtained in the study, it was observed that the effect of STEM-based robotic coding activities of science teacher candidates on their views of constructivist learning environments showed a significant difference when their pretest-posttest scores were compared. According to the qualitative data, it was observed that while the teacher candidates were doing STEM activities, their perspective on the events, the responsibilities they took with the methods and techniques they applied, and their associations with real life were observed to have a positive effect.
Glutamate Dehydrogenase as a Promising Target for Hyperinsulinism
Hyperammonemia Syndrome Therapy
Authors: Bian Yunfei , Hou Wei , Chen Xinrou , Fang Jinzhang , Xu Ning , Ruan Benfang Helen
Published: September 2021

Hyperinsulinism-hyperammonemia syndrome (HHS) is a rare disease characterized
by recurrent hypoglycemia and persistent elevation of plasma ammonia, and it
can lead to severe epilepsy and permanent brain damage. It has been demonstrated that
functional mutations of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), an enzyme in the mitochondrial
matrix, are responsible for the HHS. Thus, GDH has become a promising target for
the small molecule therapeutic intervention of HHS. Several medicinal chemistry studies
are currently aimed at GDH, however, to date, none of the compounds reported has been
entered clinical trials. This perspective summarizes the progress in the discovery and development
of GDH inhibitors, including the pathogenesis of HHS, potential binding
sites, screening methods, and research models. Future therapeutic perspectives are offered
to provide a reference for discovering potent GDH modulators and encourage additional
research that will provide more comprehensive guidance for drug development.
Pulmonary Surfactant: A Unique Biomaterial with Life-saving Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Pioselli Barbara , Salomone Fabrizio , Mazzola Giuseppe , Amidani Davide , Sgarbi Elisa , Amadei Francesco , Murgia Xabi , Catinella Silvia , Villetti Gino , De Luca Daniele , Carnielli Virgilio , Civelli Maurizio
Published: September 2021

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Pulmonary surfactant is a complex lipoprotein mixture secreted into the alveolar lumen by type 2 pneumocytes, which is composed by tens of different lipids (approximately 90% of its entire mass) and surfactant proteins (approximately 10% of the mass). It is crucially involved in maintaining lung homeostasis by reducing the values of alveolar liquid surface tension close to zero at end-expiration, thereby avoiding the alveolar collapse, and assembling a chemical and physical barrier against inhaled pathogens. A deficient amount of surfactant or its functional inactivation is directly linked to a wide range of lung pathologies, including the neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. This paper reviews the main biophysical concepts of surfactant activity and its inactivation mechanisms, and describes the past, present and future roles of surfactant replacement therapy, focusing on the exogenous surfactant preparations marketed worldwide and new formulations under development. The closing section describes the pulmonary surfactant in the context of drug delivery. Thanks to its peculiar composition, biocompatibility, and alveolar spreading capability, the surfactant may work not only as a shuttle to the branched anatomy of the lung for other drugs but also as a modulator for their release, opening to innovative therapeutic avenues for the treatment of several respiratory diseases.
Recent Progress in 1H-1,2,3-triazoles as Potential Antifungal Agents
Authors: Poonia Nisha , Kumar Aman , Kumar Vijay , Yadav Monika , Lal Kashmiri
Published: September 2021

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To overcome ever increasing cases of antifungal resistance and circumventing side effects and drug interactions related with currently available drugs has impelled the need to expedite the process of drug discovery and development of novel antifungals. 1,4-Disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole has gained tremendous interest in last two decades mainly because of its ease of synthesis via copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) and its broad spectrum of chemotherapeutic potential. 1,2,3-Triazole is an excellent pharmacophore which has been used as a bioisostere for obtaining libraries of new medicinally important scaffolds. The present review focus on the recent advances (2016-2021) of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives obtained by CuAAC as potential antifungal agents that may facilitate triazole based antifungal development process.