bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are serum molecular markers more effective than the invasive methods used in the diagnosis of breast cancers?
Authors: Acar Hasan Zafer , Özer Nazmi
Published: June 2021

Objectives

The most effective method currently used in breast cancer diagnosis is fine-needle aspiration biopsy. However, if the superiority of serum molecular markers to invasive diagnostic methods can be proven, it will have a great impact on the diagnostic approach and screening programs for breast cancer. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the efficacy of the serum molecular markers in the diagnosis of breast cancer with respect to invasive methods.

Materials and Methods

In this study, the literature on serum molecular markers and tissue molecular markers obtained using fine needle aspiration biopsy were collected. The absolute sensitivity rates obtained for serum molecular markers and for invasive needle biopsy methods were compared by systematic biostatistical analysis.

Results

In the diagnosis of breast cancer, the absolute sensitivity rates of serum molecular markers (90.6%) were found to be significantly higher than the absolute sensitivity rates of invasive methods (80.7%) (p<0.001).

Conclusions

These results indicate that, serum molecular markers, can be used safely in breast cancer screening, definitive diagnosis and follow-up. Therefore, in the near future, serum molecular markers are likely to take a higher priority in breast cancer diagnosis and screening.
Flipped learning in faculty development programs: opportunities for greater faculty engagement, self-learning, collaboration and discussion
Authors: Yılmaz Yusuf , Çalışkan Süleyman Ayhan , Darcan Şükran , Darendeliler Feyza
Published: June 2021

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of flipped learning in faculty development program (FDP) dedicated for developing key-feature questions (KFQs), and to compare examinees’ success and their opinions for the KFQs in a board exam.

Methods

The study group consisted of two cohorts – Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Society Board members (n=11) and Pediatric Endocrinology Subspecialty 2019 Board Examination examinees (n=22). We used flipped learning approach to develop KFQs. This entailed writing KFQs while learning took place online. The discussion and refinement of the questions for the exam were done during the face-to-face meeting. At the end, feedback was taken from both cohorts.

Results

The faculty members developed 14 KFQs during the flipped learning process. They found the training useful (Md=9, IQR=1), and expressed high satisfaction (Md=9, IQR=1) for flipped learning approach. According to the faculty members, peer review was an important step in the flipped learning instructions for revising and improving the KFQs.

Conclusions

A successful intervention of flipped learning approach has been tested in a FDP dedicated for KFQ writing. During flipped learning, the board (faculty) members were more engaged, motivated for self-learning and collaboration, and encouraged for robust face-to-face discussions.
Societal and economic options to support grassland-based dairy production in Europe
Authors: Van den Pol-van Dasselaar A. , Becker T. , Botana Fernández A. , Peratoner G.
Published: June 2021

Grassland-based dairy production provides multiple benefits to farmers and to the wider society, but the European grassland area has been significantly reduced during the last decades. This paper aims to explore societal and economic options to support grassland-based dairy production in Europe. In the recent past, several societal initiatives have emerged to stimulate grassland-based dairy production: treaties, premiums and market concepts. When developing stimulating initiatives, the mindset of the farmer should be taken into account. Farmers are key actors when it comes to maintaining and improving grassland-based dairy production systems since they decide on the day-to-day management of the farm. To maintain grassland-based dairy production and to preserve the associated ecosystem services, it is, therefore, necessary to clearly show the importance of this production system for society to the farmers (show the customer perspective) and to support this by valuing the products from these systems accordingly. “New” business models should financially reward farmers for their added value contributions in delivering ecosystem services.
Genetically Targeted Connectivity Tracing Excludes Dopaminergic Inputs to the Interpeduncular Nucleus from the Ventral Tegmentum and Substantia Nigra
Authors: Nasirova Nailyam , Quina Lely A. , Novik Shoshana , Turner Eric E.
Published: June 2021

The “habenulopeduncular system” consists of the medial habenula (MHb) and its principal target of innervation, the interpeduncular nucleus (IP). Neurons in the ventral MHb (MHbV) express acetylcholine along with glutamate, and both the MHb and IP are rich in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Much of the work on this system has focused on nicotinic mechanisms and their clinical implications for nicotine use, particularly because the IP expresses the α5 nicotinic receptor subunit, encoded by the CHRNA5 gene, which is genetically linked to smoking risk. A working model has emerged in which nicotine use may be determined by the balance of reinforcement mediated in part by nicotine effects on dopamine reward pathways, and an aversive “brake” on nicotine consumption encoded in the MHb-IP pathway. However, recent work has proposed that the IP also receives direct dopaminergic input from the ventral tegmental area (VTA). If correct, this would significantly impact the prevailing model of IP function. Here, we have usedChrna5Cremice to perform rabies virus-mediated retrograde tracing of global inputs to the IP. We have also used Cre-dependent adeno-associated virus (AAV) anterograde tracing usingSlc6a3Cre(DATCre) mice to map VTA dopaminergic efferents, and we have examined tract-tracing data using other transgenic models for dopaminergic neurons available in a public database. Consistent with the existing literature using non-genetic tracing methods, none of these experiments show a significant anatomic connection from the VTA or substantia nigra (SN) to the IP, and thus do not support a model of direct dopaminergic input to the habenulopeduncular system.
Singing in the Brain
Authors: Killingly Callula , Lacherez Philippe , Meuter Renata
Published: June 2021

Music that gets “stuck” in the head is commonly conceptualized as an intrusive “thought”; however, we argue that this experience is better characterized as automatic mental singing without an accompanying sense of agency. In two experiments, a dual-task paradigm was employed, in which participants undertook a phonological task once while hearing music, and then again in silence following its presentation. We predicted that the music would be maintained in working memory, interfering with the task. Experiment 1 (N = 30) used songs predicted to be more or less catchy; half of the sample heard truncated versions. Performance was indeed poorer following catchier songs, particularly if the songs were unfinished. Moreover, the effect was stronger for songs rated higher in terms of the desire to sing along. Experiment 2 (N = 50) replicated the effect using songs with which the participants felt compelled to sing along. Additionally, results from a lexical decision task indicated that many participants’ keystrokes synchronized with the tempo of the song just heard. Together, these findings suggest that an earworm results from an unconscious desire to sing along to a familiar song.
Characteristics and treatment responsiveness of patients with acromegaly and a paradoxical GH increase to oral glucose load
Authors: Atquet Virginie , Alexopoulou Orsalia , Maiter Dominique
Published: June 2021

Objectives

We aimed to investigate the clinical, biochemical, histological and radiological characteristics as well as the response to somatostatin analogs (SSA) in a large cohort of acromegaly patients with a paradoxical GH response (PR) to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

Design

Retrospective study.

Methods

Of 110 patients with acromegaly included in our study, 30 (PR+; 27%) had a paradoxical GH increase of more than 25% relative to basal GH levels during OGTT.

Results

At diagnosis, PR+ patients were older than PR− patients (52 ± 16 years vs 44 ± 14 years, P < 0.05) and had smaller pituitary tumors (40% microadenomas vs 19%, P < 0.05), which were less often invasive (17% vs 35%, P < 0.05), overall more secreting (insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)/tumoral surface: 2.35 ULN/cm2 (0.28–9.06) vs 1.08 (0.17–7.87), P = 0.011), and more often hypointense on T2-weighted MRI (92% vs 48%, P = 0.001). While the rate of remission after surgery was similar in the two groups (69%), a better response to SSA treatment was observed in PR+ patients, either before (IGF-1 reduction of > 50% after 3–6 months in 77% vs 49%, P = 0.023) or after surgery (normalization of IGF-1 in 100% vs 44%, P = 0.011).

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates that in acromegaly, a paradoxical GH increase during OGTT is associated with particular features of somatotroph adenomas and with a better prognosis in terms of response to SSA.
USP8 inhibitor RA-9 reduces ACTH release and cell growth in tumor corticotrophs
Authors: Treppiedi Donatella , Di Muro Genesio , Marra Giusy , Barbieri Anna Maria , Mangili Federica , Catalano Rosa , Serban Andreea , Ferrante Emanuele , Locatelli Marco , Lania Andrea G , Arosio Maura , Spada Anna , Peverelli Erika , Mantovani Giovanna
Published: June 2021

Cushing’s disease (CD) is a rare endocrine disorder caused by an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting pituitary tumor. Pasireotide is the only pituitary-targeted drug approved for adult patients. Nevertheless, many side effects are encountered and curative therapy is still challenging. Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 8 (USP8) plays a crucial role in the modulation of corticotroph cells growth and ACTH secretion. Here, we explored the anticancer potential of the USP8 inhibitor RA-9 in USP8-WT human tumor corticotroph cells and murine AtT-20 cells. Our results showed that RA-9 causes cell proliferation decrease (−24.3 ± 5.2%, P < 0.01) and cell apoptosis increase (207.4 ± 75.3%, P < 0.05) in AtT-20 cells, as observed with pasireotide. Moreover, RA-9 reduced ACTH secretion in AtT-20 cells (−34.1 ± 19.5%, P < 0.01), as well as in AtT-20 cells transfected with USP8 mutants, and in one out of two primary cultures in vitro responsive to pasireotide (−40.3 ± 6%). An RA-9 mediated decrease of pERK1/2 levels was observed in AtT-20 cells (−52.3 ± 13.4%, P < 0.001), comparable to pasireotide, and in primary cultures, regardless of their in vitro responsiveness to pasireotide. Upregulation of p27 was detected upon RA-9 treatment only, both in AtT-20 cells (167.1 ± 36.7%, P < 0.05) and in one primary culture tested (168.4%), whilst pCREB level was similarly halved in AtT-20 cells by both RA-9 and pasireotide. Altogether, our data demonstrate that RA-9 is efficient in exerting cytotoxic effects and inhibitory actions on cell proliferation and hormone secretion by modulating the expression of pERK1/2, pCREB and p27. Inhibition of USP8 might represent a novel strategy to target both USP8-WT and USP8-mutated tumors in CD patients.
Differentiation of fetal sertoli cells in the adult testis
Authors: Yokonishi Tetsuhiro , Capel Blanche
Published: June 2021

Sertoli cells proliferate and construct seminiferous tubules during fetal life, then undergo differentiation and maturation in the prepubertal testes. In the adult testes, mature Sertoli cells maintain spermatogonia and support spermatogenesis during the entire lifetime. Although Sertoli-like cells have been derived from iPS cells, they tend to remain immature. To investigate whether Sertoli cells can spontaneously acquire the ability to support spermatogenesis when transferred into the adult testis, we transplanted mouse fetal testicular cells into a Sertoli-depleted adult testis. We found that donor E12.5, E14.5 and E16.5 Sertoli cells colonized adult seminiferous tubules and supported host spermatogenesis 2 months after transplantation, demonstrating that immature fetal Sertoli cells can undergo sufficient maturation in the adult testis to become functional. This technique will be useful to analyze the developmental process of Sertoli cell maturation and to investigate the potential of iPS-derived Sertoli cells to colonize, undergo maturation, and support spermatogenesis within the testis environment.
Strength and dimensional stability of cement bonded board reinforced with tomato stem particles and coconut husk dust
Authors: Aguda Lawrence , Ajayi Babatunde , Bakare Bisola , Aguda Yetunde , Olaoye Kayode , Akala Abisayo , Adegoke Olaoluwa
Published: June 2021

The use of coconut husk sawdust and tomato stem particles at varying blending proportion was examined for the production of particle board. Boards of dimensions 350 mm by 350 mm by 6 mm were produced (coconut husk dust, tomato stem particles) at different blending proportion and addition of additive (CaCl2 at different concentrations). The physical properties (water absorption and thickness swelling) and mechanical properties (modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE)) were investigated. Thickness swelling and water absorption were investigated at 24 and 48 hours. The results showed that boards exhibited mean values of 0.50% to 4.16% and 2.12% to 7.00% respectively of thickness swelling at 24 hours and 48 hours respectively and 13.6% to 25.2% and 17.6% to 29.1% of water absorption at 24 h and 48 h, respectively. The boards also exhibited means of 1.00 N/mm2 to 5.25 N/mm2 and 339 N/mm2 to 3430 N/mm2 for MOR and MOE respectively. An increase in the tomato particle content caused increase in water absorption and thickness swelling, resulting in the highest water absorption and thickness swelling values. Tomato stem and coconut husk dust can be used to produce cement bonded boards after pre-treatment with hot water and preferably both sieved.
From connectors to extension particles, the meaning of sipa ki in Mauritian Creole
Authors: Chady Shimeen-Khan
Published: June 2021

The extension particles are not considered as discourse markers by all researchers mainly considering the grammatical function the connectors which they are based on can present. However, as for discourse markers which “desemantisation” has been revoked, other researchers argue that extension particles maintain part of their original meaning while endorsing an intersubjective value. I try to study this question in this article for the Mauritian Creole extension particle sipa ki which is formed on the connector sipa. A fine-grained conversational and pragmatics analysis of 6 hours of ordinary conversations, collected in 2014 shows how sipa ki plays a part in conversational relation co-construction. While helping the enunciator to construct their own discourse and showing their attitude towards it, sipa ki provides information on the way the sentence has to be interpreted by soliciting (assumed) shared experience by interlocutors for message reconstruction. I argue that speech effects provided by extension particle sipa ki partly rely on the meaning of connector sipa on which it is constructed and which also holds an intersubjective value.
Synthesis of Mn(II) Complexes-Carboxymethyl Chitosan Schiff Base Salicylaldehyde and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Ismiyarto Ismiyarto , Saputri Niken Windi , Rahmatia Liswinda Zafirah , Sarjono Purbowatiningrum Ria , Ngadiwiyana Ngadiwiyana , Prasetya Nor Basid Adiwibawa , Bima Damar Nurwahyu
Published: June 2021

The development of compounds with a better antibacterial activity is highly needed. One way to achieve this is by modifying the structure of the compound using chitosan as a starting material, because of its abundant natural source in Indonesia, its biodegradable properties, and its structure where free amines are present. This study aims to obtain  Mn(II) -Carboxymethyl Chitosan Schiff Base-Salicylaldehyde complex to increase its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram negative). Schiff Base carboxymethyl chitosan-salicylaldehyde was synthesized from carboxymethyl chitosan with salicylaldehyde. Next, the Schiff Base Carboxymethyl Chitosan-Salicylaldehyde was complexed with MnCl2.4H2O and then characterized by FTIR, UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, and AAS and tested for antibacterial activity with the disc diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The product of Carboxymethyl Chitosan Schiff Base-salicylaldehyde is a brownish yellow solid with a yield of 64% (w/w) and has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (clear zone diameter 11 mm) and Escherichia coli (clear zone diameter 13 mm). The product of Mn(II) Complexes-Carboxymethyl Chitosan Schiff Base-salicylaldehyde is a black solid with a yield of 59% (w/w) and has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (clear zone diameter 13 mm) and Escherichia coli (clear zone diameter 17 mm).
Level of natremia as an index of the condition of the organism of animals under stress
Authors: Zaprudnova R. A.
Published: June 2021

In the diagnosis of stressful conditions in humans and other animals, ionic indicators remain practically unused. In this work, we studied the changes in the concentrations of sodium ions in the blood plasma of freshwater fish under stress caused by stressors of different quality and quantity. Most of the experiments were carried out on adult bream (Abramis brama L) from the Rybinsk Reservoir. Separate experiments were duplicated on adult individuals of roach (Rutilus rutilus L.), pike (Esox lucius L.), and blue bream (Abramis ballerus L.). The concentration of cations in the blood plasma was determined using a Flapho-4 flame photometer. Under the action of mild and short-term stressors of different qualities, the sodium concentration in the internal environment altered toward an increase in concentration gradients on the cell membrane (eustress or physiological stress). Hypernatremia was approximately 10%. Under the action of strong and/or prolonged stressors of different strength, the sodium concentration in the internal environment changed toward a decrease in concentration gradients on the cell membrane (distress or pathological stress). Hyponatremia was 50% in the conditions of acute lethal stress, 20% in subacute lethal stress, 10% or more in chronic lethal stress. During strong acute reversible stress, hyponatremia could reach 30%. Analysis of the material on mammals allowed us to conclude that the adaptation mechanisms in fish and higher vertebrates are similar. In this work, for the first time, the state of the system of electrolyte balance of animals under stress was analyzed from the standpoint of the leading role of ionic concentration gradients on the cell membrane (mainly sodium) in the energetics (level of disequilibrium) of the organism. We propose a concept that in normal and extreme conditions fish use two different defense reactions (or adaptation strategies): active and passive, consisting, respectively, in increasing or decreasing the level of disequilibrium (energy) in the organism. The hyponatremia recorded by numerous authors, which accompanies diseases in humans, is evidently a nonspecific reaction of the organism and serves as an indicator of reduced energy of the organism. It is suggested that the sodium level in the internal environment of the organism be used for diagnosing the stress state of animals.
Application of enzyme probiotic drug developed based on microorganisms of the rumen of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in feeding cows
Authors: Litonina А. S. , Smirnova Y. M. , Platonov A. V. , Laptev G. Y. , Dunyashev T. P. , Butakova M. V.
Published: June 2021

In the current conditions of intense technologies of milk production, the feeding of dairy cows is aimed at providing fast rates of growth and maximum productivity over a short period. However, such systems of diets often have negative effects on the health of the animals as a result of metabolism malfunctioning. The present study was conducted to assess the influence of the enzyme probiotic preparation Rumit, developed based on cellulolytic bacteria isolated from the rumen of reindeer, on dairy activity, food intake, density of ciliate fauna of the rumen, feeding activity, and also metabolic profile and the level of natural resistance of newly-calved heifers. To conduct the experiment, we composed two groups (control and experimental) of first-calf heifers with 12 individuals in their first 100 days of lactation after calving. The first-calf heifers of the experimental group, in addition to the main diet, received the preparation in the amount of 50 g per individual daily in the lunch time feeding for 90 days. Inclusion of the probiotic increased the dairy productivity, particularly a 3.1 kg increase in the average yield of daily 4%-fat milk, 9.6 kg in the butterfat output, and 7.7 kg in that of dairy protein. With increase in dairy productivity, a 0.09 EFU (energy fodder units, equals 10 MJ) decrease was observed in energy expenditure for 1 kg of milk. Intake of the probiotic led to increase in the index of nutritional activity by 0.03 units and increase in the density of ciliates by 155, 900 individuals/mL. Use of the biopreparation had a positive effect on the metabolic processes in the organism of heifers. The animals of the experimental group were observed to have an increase in the content of the total protein in the blood, 12.5% decrease in the urea, and glucose concentration reached the normative values. In the first-calf heifers that had received the food supplement in addition to their diet, the physiological parameters of health normalized and the protective abilities of the organism activated, the pulse and respiration frequencies increased (by 3.8% and 6.6%), the phagocytic index grew by 30.2%, and the absorptive ability of neutrophils increased by 40%. Thus, enzyme probiotic preparation Rumit confirmed its efficiency when fed to newly-calved heifers.
Штрихи до портрета дніпропетровських «всесвітників»: Сергій Плохій у спогадах учнів
Authors: Венгер Альберт Григорович
Published: June 2021

The publication presents the memoirs of the famous historian Serhii Plokhii, who worked at the Department of General History of Dnipropetrovsk State University from 1983 till 1992. During this time he passed all the steps of academic growth from a lecturer to professor, the head of the department. The Department of General History of Dnipropetrovsk State University was a powerful centre of Soviet German studies. But after the socialist camp began to disintegrate, the study of GDR history lost its political relevance. The Germanists faced a problem in which direction the further research should be continued. During the abroad internship Serhii Plokhii found out that the Dnipropetrovsk State Archive contains funds that comprise the documents related to the history of the German colonies. Having returned from the internship, he offered the department staff to develop a new research area related to German colonization. Under his guidance, students and postgraduate students began to work on archival funds which had been previously closed and contained the materials on the colonization, adaptation, economic structure of the German colonies. Due to the active organizational policy Serhii Plokhii managed to involve young researchers - students into the scientific work, the most successful of them became postgraduate students and defended their dissertations on the problems of German studies. This publication presents the memoirs of three students of the historian: Mahomet Ismailov, Nataliia Venher, Oksana Beznosova. The author of each memoir reveals the history of personal relationships with the scientific supervisor, analyzes their own research paths in science. What the memories have in common is that the students note the significant influence of Serhii Plokhii on their academic career and destiny.
Evaluation of variable permeability model in simulation of seismic behavior of uniform level and gently sloping sand layers
Authors: Ghassemi Ali , Seyfi S. , Shahir H.
Published: June 2021

In this study, a fully coupled dynamic finite element model was employed for numerical simulation of the response of level to gently sloping saturated sand layers subjected to cyclic loading. This model utilized a critical state two-surface-plasticity constitutive model to simulate the cyclic behavior of sandy soil. Moreover, a recently proposed variable permeability function was implemented in the numerical model to reflect the effects of soil permeability variations during the liquefaction phenomenon. The numerical model was validated by simulating a number of well-documented geotechnical centrifuge tests with different relative density of sand, base acceleration time history, and surface slope of the sand layer. The obtained results confirmed that the developed model was capable of simulating the behavior of saturated sand under cyclic loading for both level and gently sloping conditions.
Establishment of Evaluation Model for Shallow Geothermal Energy Resource Development Potential Based on Characteristic of Geotemperature
Authors: Hou Jikun , Luo Xingqi , Zhang Lei
Published: June 2021

The potential analysis of geothermal energy based on geothermal characteristics requires research of the regional shallow geothermal energy. Then, an evaluation model can be constructed. Taking Weinan City as an example, this paper studied the depth and temperature characteristics of the constant zone of subsurface temperature, the vertical variation characteristic of geotemperature, and the horizontal distribution characteristic of geotemperature in Weinan City. Based on the analysis of geotemperature characteristic, the analytic hierarchy process was used to construct the zoning evaluation system of the suitability of ground source, groundwater source, and surface water source. Then, the suitability of Weinan city was comprehensively zoned by the zoning evaluation system. The heat capacity and heat-exchange power of the heat pump system at the groundwater source were calculated based on the zoning results, and the heat-exchange power of the ground-coupled heat pump was obtained. According to the evaluation index, the development potential of shallow geothermal energy resources was evaluated. Through the experimental analysis, applying the model in this paper, it can be seen that the heat pump system has great potential for heating in winter and cooling in summer. The area is 50.79 km2. The area of the potential middle region of the buried pipe heat pump is 135.74 km2, and the potential of the ground source heat pump system is low. The potential area of the ground source heat pump is 82.14 km2. Upon comparing the model results with the current results, it was found that the consistency between the two is high.
A comparison of alternative curve fitting techniques for different earthquake fault parameters of Iranian earthquakes
Authors: Ozturk Serkan , Ghassemi Mohammad R. , Sarı Mahmut
Published: June 2021

In this study, we tried to estimate the optimum linear equations among the parameters associated with different earthquake fault mechanisms for Iranian earthquakes. For this purpose, we tested different curve fitting methods in order to present the most proper empirical relationships between several seismic parameters for different fault systems. In the present paper, 46 large and destructive Iranian earthquakes whose magnitudes change between 5.8 and 7.8 from 1900 to 2014 were used for the analyses. A comparison was made by using four types of curve fitting techniques. The estimation procedures are considered as (1) L2 or Least Squares Regression, (2) L1 or Least Sum of Absolute Deviations Regression, (3) Robust Regression and, (4) Orthogonal Regression. Confidence intervals were selected as 95% for all types of regression relationships. In the selection of the best probability distribution, we considered the correlation coefficients of the linear regressions as a powerful and conceptually simple method. Correlation coefficients of all relationships change between 0.299 and 0.986 with Orthogonal regression, between 0.168 and 0.792 with L1 regression, between 0.059 and 0.829 with Robust regression. For Iranian earthquakes, the most suitable and reliable empirical relationships between moment magnitude (Mw) and surface wave magnitude (Ms), Mw and surface rupture length (SRL), Mw and maximum displacement (MD), and SRL and MD were obtained by Orthogonal regression since it supplies stronger correlation coefficients than those of the other regression techniques in most estimates. The results show that estimated empirical relationships among the different fault parameters by using the Orthogonal regression method can be accepted as more up-to-date and more appropriate in comparison with the other regression norms. Consequently, these equations were suggested as more reliable in the estimation of the maximum surface displacement, maximum surface rupture length and associated with the maximum credible earthquakes for different areas of Iran. Furthermore, obtained relationships can be statistically significant for the assessment of seismic, tectonic and geologic activities, and they can be used to evaluate the rupture hazard of the Iranian Plateau.
Late Cretaceous Bauru Group biota from Southern Goiás state, Brazil: history and fossil content
Authors: Candeiro Carlos Roberto , Brusatte Stephen , Queiroz Glayce , Carvalho Adelino , Maia Débora , Dias Tamires , Vidal Luciano , Gomes Musa Maria Nogueira , Barros Lucas Marques
Published: June 2021

The southern Goiás state region of Central Brazil has an extensive and informative record of fossil biota. Particularly over the last five years, there has been a great increase in fossil finds, which has enabled a greater understanding of this region's fauna and flora during the Late Cretaceous. In this article, we provide an updated synthesis of the biota from the Cretaceous of the southern Goiás state, the record of plants, gastropods, turtles, crocodilians, titanosaurs, and theropod dinosaurs.
Analysis and Evaluation Methods of Seismic Subsidence Characteristics of Loess and Field Seismic Subsidence
Authors: Yan Xiaotong , Wang Shun , Wang Ningwei
Published: June 2021

The objective of this research is to analyze the dynamic degeneration of loess and the evaluation method of field seismic subsidence. In this study, Q3 loess is taken as the research object, and the dynamic properties of loess with 10%, 20%, 30% and 35% moisture content are tested by triaxial experiment. In addition, seismic subsidence characteristics of loess with dry densities of 1.4g/cm3, 1.6g/cm3, and 1.8g/cm3 and consolidation stress ratios of 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6 are analyzed. Then the simplified seismic subsidence estimation method is used to calculate the relationship between seismic subsidence coefficients at different soil depth in one dimensional field, cycle times, and subsidence depth. The results show that the higher the water content of loess is, the greater the change of seismic subsidence appears. The larger the dry density of loess is, the smaller the change degree of seismic subsidence appears. The larger the consolidation stress ratio is, the greater the change of seismic subsidence occurs in loess. When the depth of soil reaches 9.5m, the maximum seismic subsidence coefficient can reach 0.8%. When the depth of soil layer is 10m, the degree of seismic subsidence is the largest. When the depth of soil layer is 12~16m, the settlement depth caused by earthquake subsidence is small. While the depth of soil layer is 8~12m, the settlement degree is large.
Destruction process and restoration countermeasures of the ecological environment of a comprehensive geological structure
Authors: Huang Yanyan
Published: June 2021

Aiming at the destruction of the ecological environment of the comprehensive geological structure, the traditional restoration countermeasures have the problems of high input cost and low economic benefits. For this reason, the ecological environment destruction process and restoration countermeasures of the comprehensive geological structure were proposed. The common geological structure characteristics and the impact of activities on the ecological environment in the mining area were analyzed. Based on the analysis results, an evaluation system for the degree of damage to the ecological environment by mining activities was constructed. According to the expert scoring method, a rating standard was developed to measure the degree of damage to the ecological environment. Depending on the degree of damage, appropriate recovery measures were formulated. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional restoration countermeasures, considering the destruction of the ecological environment during the mining process of comprehensive geological structures, the proposed restoration countermeasures have the advantages of low cost and high economic benefits.
Evolution in schizophrenia diagnosis in the department of Caldas, Colombia. 2010-2015
Authors: Osorio José Henry , Valencia German , Pérez Juan Manuel
Published: June 2021

Introduction: The diagnosis of schizophrenia has experienced a remarkable increase in recent years.
Objective: To determine the prevalence and incidence of schizophrenia in the department of Caldas, Colombia, between 2010 and 2015, and to describe its epidemiological profile in this area of the country.
Materials and methods: Retrospective and descriptive study. Information on the number of patients treated and the number of consultations in which the diagnosis or reason for consultation was related to schizophrenia diagnostic codes (ICD-10) in Caldas between 2010 and 2015 was analyzed. Data were obtained from the Territorial Health Management Office of Caldas and the Individual Health Service Provision Records of the Colombian Ministry of Health and Social Protection. Annual incidence and prevalence of schizophrenia for the study period were established and the Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the number of consultations and the number of patients treated according to the type of schizophrenia, with a significance level of p (α) <0.05.
Results: During the study period, 7 583 consultations were made, and 3 264 patients were treated due to schizophrenia in Caldas. The prevalence of schizophrenia in 2010 was 0.03% and in 2015, 0.11%. The cumulative incidence shown a marked upward trend, finding 834 new cases of schizophrenia between 2010 and 2015 (256 vs. 1 090), with an incidence of 70 cases per 100 000 inhabitants in 2015. The most frequent types of schizophrenia were paranoid and undifferentiated schizophrenia (2 250 and 560, respectively).
Conclusions: The marked increase in the prevalence and incidence of schizophrenia in the study period may be explained by several factors; thus, it is necessary to review its epidemiological profile in other departments of the country as a first step to identify the factors associated with its occurrence in the Colombian population.
eHealth and mHealth: Adherence to treatment in chronic diseases
Authors: Gaviria-Mendoza Andrés , Emura-Vélez Melissa Hiromi , García-Ospina Diego Arturo , Machado-Duque Manuel Enrique , Machado-Alba Jorge Enrique
Published: June 2021

Poor adherence to treatment is a common problem in patients with chronic diseases since, given their nature, they involve long-term therapeutic regimens, hence the importance of permanent follow-up. In general, it is known that adherence to treatment is necessary to achieve better health outcomes, improve quality of life, and reduce health care-related costs. The growth of eHealth, particularly telemedicine and mobile health (mHealth), has resulted in a real benefit of technological platforms in the therapeutic adherence of these patients. With this in mind, the aim of this reflection paper is to briefly describe the current state of eHealth strategies and the impact they may have on adherence to treatment in patients with chronic diseases.
Tuberculosis among health care workers treated at a university hospital in Bogotá D.C., Colombia. 2008-2018
Authors: Jurado Leonardo Favio , Barrera Viviana , De La Rosa-Noriega Zandra Rocío , Serpa Cecilia , Baldión Margarita , Pinzón Bibiana , Palacios Diana María
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Worldwide, three people die of tuberculosis (TB) every minute. The risk of TB transmission among healthcare workers is up to 40 times higher than in the general population. Nevertheless, in Colombia, little importance has been given to this situation. Objective: To describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of healthcare workers with TB treated in a university hospital from Bogotá D.C. (Colombia), as well as their laboratory, histologic, and imaging findings, and the main criteria for their TB diagnosis. Materials and methods: Case series study. The medical records of 24 healthcare workers with TB who were treated in a quaternary care university hospital in Bogotá D.C. between January 2008 and December 2018 were reviewed. Sociodemographic and clinical data, as well as imaging and laboratory findings data, were collected. Results: There was no predominant sex (50% women and 50% men). The median age was 33.5 years (IQR: 24-52.7). Pulmonary TB was the most frequent form of TB (62.50%); in addition, acid-fast bacillus sputum stain was positive in 2 patients (8.33%). The histopathology report was useful for diagnosing TB in 66.66% of cases, and mycobacterial culture was positive in 75% of patients. Most of them were physicians (41.66%) and medical students (16.66%). Conclusions: A high proportion of women was found in the study population (1:1 ratio), and the histopathology report was useful for reaching a rapid TB diagnosis in most cases. In addition, physicians and medical students were the healthcare workers most affected by TB. In this sense, health institutions in the country should pay greater attention to biosafety measures among these workers; also, occupational epidemiological surveillance programs enhancing TB-transmission control are necessary.
Islamic Da‘wah in the Malay Peninsula: Contributions of the Sayyids of Early Times
Authors: Abdul Hamid Ahmad Fauzi , Hassan Mydin Shaikh Abdullah
Published: June 2021

This article traces the stellar accomplishments of the Sayyids, as descendants of the Prophet Muhammad are known in the field of Islamic da‘wah. For the many Sayyids who excelled as torchbearers of Islam in the Malay world, propagating Islam was a lifetime vocation that passed without the stress that we find in the modern world. Their da‘wah efforts encompassed such diverse undertakings as employing business acumen in confronting the challenges of colonialism and Malay court culture, immersing themselves in native communities via intermarriages and adoption of local customs, and carving a niche for themselves in local and international politics as advisors and emissaries. At grassroots level, da‘wah for them was inseparable from daily chores and mundane affairs. That Western colonialism hardly made any impact in directly desacralizing the Malays is a tribute to the success of the Sayyids’ da‘wah efforts, which served as a buffer against the religious implications of colonial encroachment into autochthonous institutions and lifestyle. By looking at some examples of how the Sayyids interacted with local communities in selected regions of the Malay world, this article traces part of this glittering history of da‘wah in the easternmost parts of the Islamic commonwealth. Most importantly, the Malay world’s Islamization was distinguished by lack of violence and emphasis on educational progress more than anything else.
Geoinformational Analysis of Transport Accessibility Conditions of Rural Territories of Volgograd Region
Authors: Khavanskaya Natalya , Alyaev Vladimir , Semenova Diana
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the assessment of transport accessibility of rural settlements. The main research methods are the geoinformation and cartographic methods. A transport accessibility factor implies the time spent on moving between villages and the center. The methodology proposed is based on two spatial levels: the district level, where the territory of mapping is the municipal districts of Volgograd region, and the object is rural settlements; the regional level covering the entire territory of the region. At the district level, the calculation and geoinformation analysis of the transport accessibility of villages in relation to district centers are made. As a result, it is identified that the territories are in different conditions of transport accessibility. 20.9% of the region’s villages are located in favorable conditions (transport accessibility less than 30 minutes); 25.2% of villages are in less favorable conditions (transport accessibility 30–45 minutes); 53.9% of villages are in unfavorable conditions (more than 45 minutes). At the regional level in relation to Volgograd, there are three zones with a different degree of favorable transport conditions: a zone of time accessibility up to 2 hours with favorable conditions for economic development; a restrictedly favorable zone with time accessibility of 2–4 hours; and a zone of unfavorable economic influence with the time transport accessibility exceeding 4 hours. It is noted that 15 out of 33 districts of Volgograd region are in unfavorable conditions of transport accessibility in relation to the regional center. This is primarily determined by the size of the region’s
territory, the geographical location of Volgograd, the state of the road network, namely the presence of asphalt roads.The conclusion is drawn about the heterogeneity of the conditions for the provision of residents with services concentrated in the centers based on the uneven distribution of the conditions of transport accessibility. The authors give recommendations for the development of regional sub-centers of public service.
Cadastro Único: identidade, teste de meios, direito de cidadania
Authors: Sposati Aldaíza Oliveira
Published: June 2021

Resumo: Em 2001, o Governo Federal instalou o Cadastro Único, banco nacional de dados de famílias pobres. Um membro da família comparece a um CRAS, ou similar, e realiza o cadastro. Está em curso o uso de aplicativo que permita ao cidadão cadastrar-se de modo remoto. Essa alteração, nominada de robotização, tem gerado fortes debates. Este artigo insere no debate argumentos sobre as funcionalidades do CadÚnico, relativos a direitos de cidadania e à gestão de políticas sociais.
Florestan Fernandes e a teoria da revolução burguesa no Brasil
Authors: Meneses Jaldes
Published: June 2021

Resumo: Este artigo se propõe a examinar, na oportunidade do centenário de nascimento (1920) e de 45 anos de publicação de A revolução burguesa no Brasil (1975), a originalidade da interpretação de Brasil esboçada por Florestan Fernandes, especialmente em categorias como “ordem social”, essencial para compreender nosso passado e para esboçar novos grandes painéis interpretativos de processo e de história. Para entender essa complexa trama, é fundamental mergulhar no particularíssimo método de investigação e exposição do autor, bem como confrontá-lo com sua vivência e formação na época do Brasil pós-1930 até a conjuntura de publicação do livro.
Protección social: trazando consideraciones sobre el sistema del vecino Uruguay
Authors: Alves Alan de Loiola , Santos Rosemeire dos
Published: June 2021

Resumen: El artículo propone presentar las direcciones del sistema de protección social en el Uruguay desde su construcción hasta la actualidad. Para eso se ha realizado una investigación bibliográfica con carácter exploratorio. Este estudio apunta que el sistema de protección social uruguayo ha seguido diferentes y, muchas veces, múltiples direcciones sea de la lógica compensatoria, solidaria, universal, democrática, contributiva, de pleno empleo, regulada, represora y aun neoliberal.
Políticas públicas e redes de apoio aos migrantes haitianos, em pequeno município do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Rosa Ivandro Carlos , Mejía Margarita Rosa Gavíria , Périco Eduardo
Published: June 2021

Resumo: A migração de haitianos para o Brasil criou desafios públicos e privados para pequenos municípios. Avaliamos como as políticas públicas, empresas contratantes e as redes de apoio atenderam às necessidades dos migrantes, no município de Poço das Antas (RS). O método é de pesquisa multissituada, com questionários semiestruturados e busca de dados em empresas e órgãos públicos. Entre as interações, destaca-se o atendimento nas redes públicas de saúde, na área de educação infantil e na assistência social municipal.
Oficinas pedagógicas de enfrentamento ao trabalho infantil: memória, oralidade e expressão estética
Authors: Souza Dimas Antônio de , Souza Junior João Alves de
Published: June 2021

Resumo: Este relato reporta a experiência em curso de formação acerca do trabalho infantil, no qual, por meio de oficinas pedagógicas que envolveram as memórias, a oralidade e as expressões estéticas dos participantes, buscava-se desnaturalizar o fenômeno, ressignificando-o, favorecendo assim a sua identificação e o seu enfrentamento. O curso foi ofertado a 333 técnicos da Assistência Social provenientes de 98 municípios mineiros.
Caracterização Mecânica e Microestrutural da Zona de Transição do Aço 9% Ni Revestido com Inconel 625®
Authors: Ferreira Junior Cleber do Prado , Alves Antonio do Nascimento Silva , Carvalho Jeferson José de , Casanova Jaime , Brandi Sérgio Duarte
Published: June 2021

Resumo: Aços carbono são revestidos com Inconel 625® para atender os requisitos de projeto no Pré-Sal. Entretanto, isso gera microrregiões conhecidas como a zona não misturada (ZNM) e a zona parcialmente misturada (ZPM) sendo a sua formação relacionada a dissimilaridade entre o metal de base e o metal de adição. O objetivo desse artigo é analisar o efeito da diluição, da ZPM e da ZNM e do reaquecimento dessas microrregiões sobre a resistência ao arrancamento do aço 9%Ni revestido com a liga Inconel 625®. A ZNM tem direções cristalográficas similares a ZAC e é CCC igual a ZAC. A ZPM apresenta direções cristalográficas mais heterogêneas quando comparadas ao metal de solda e é CFC igual ao metal de solda. A nanodureza da ZPM é similar a ZAC e até 42,5% maior que o metal de solda. A nanodureza da ZNM é até 14,9% menor que ZPM, até 48,2% menor que o metal de solda e até 15% menor que a ZAC. Todos os corpos de prova tiveram a propagação da trinca no metal de solda e atendem o requisito de 140 MPa mínimo para a tensão de cisalhamento. A diluição apresenta uma correlação com a tensão de cisalhamento.
Sistemas oscilantes intrínsecamente no lineales
Authors: Amezquita Anyi , Delgado María , Rasero Diego
Published: June 2021

En este trabajo se estudian algunos sistemas mecánicos y electrostáticos intrínsecamente no lineales. Mostramos, a través de la expansión en serie de Taylor de la energía potencial, que en límite de pequeñas oscilaciones estos sistemas no realizan movimientos armónicos simples. Por tanto, incluso para pequeñas oscilaciones algunos sistemas oscilantes se comportan como osciladores no lineales.
Como me tornei #dotorainspiração e o brinco de Ewá
Authors: Xavier Giovana
Published: June 2021

Resumo: O objetivo deste ensaio é discutir as interfaces entre intelectualidade acadêmica e pública em diálogo com feministas negras e decoloniais. Levando em conta a produção de uma “narrativa na primeira pessoa”, discuto minha própria trajetória como professora universitária, destacando a relevância da construção de projetos científicos baseados na autoimagem de mulheres negras como intelectuais. Em atenção à crítica de Ochy Curiel sobre a imposição de renúncia da “vida social” para alcançar uma carreira bem-sucedida, trago para primeiro plano a importância de discutir o papel da subjetividade e da produção de conhecimentos autodefinidos na vida de mulheres negras. Por fim, reflito sobre os dilemas e possibilidades colocados para a intelectualidade de mulheres negras por meio de experiências vivenciadas nos últimos quatro anos, entre elas a criação do Grupo Intelectuais Negras UFRJ, a participação em programas televisivos e o posto de colunista no Nexo Jornal.