bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internet of Things Technology for Photovoltaic Smart Sprinkler Systems and Its Analysis
Authors: Chinonyelum Ejimuda , Kingsley Okoli , Lilian Uzodiagu , Juliet Olusola
Published: July 2023

The advancement of technology has brought about ease of life with the help of technology automation which can be applied virtually in all aspects of living. With the emergence of internet of things, prototyping real state systems has become less expensive and easy to embark on thus creating platforms for development in the oil & gas sector. This research aims to analyze, design, and develop an effortless system powered via solar energy for the control of a sprinkler system and liquid flow void of human intervention. The system was programmed using an Arduino board and other hardware at an adjustable set time with Arduino software. The research is geared at reducing human efforts in irrigation systems, to save cost and time in sprinkling liquid on any system. The use of some weather parameters like humidity, temperature, and moisture sensors; Arduino kits and GSM module constitutes the smart irrigation system setup. The system is automated to feed the necessary quantity of liquid to any given surface based on design parameters with the moisture sensor programmed within 0 to 1023 (0-100%) range. The system adapted a method of pump-start at 40% moisture reading. Various analysis of the research findings has been presented in the work with applicability in remote areas and oil fields void of human intervention.
Lessons Learnt on the Transformation of a Deepwater Projects' Organization for Stellar Performance
Authors: Mustapha Adetoun , Amuda Daniel , Ajayi Olusayo , Anyankpele Diepreye , Otubanjo Babafemi
Published: July 2023

Executing oil and gas projects in water depths greater than 500m can pose a lot of challenges, from safety to cost. Asides the inherent challenges faced in execution of deepwater projects, the oil and gas industry has experienced a lot of volatility in the last few years resulting from the need to address climate change and transition to low carbon future, COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine and supply chain disruptions. To be competitive and thrive in a changing world, the deepwater project organizations evolved and took on new challenges.

The Shell Nigeria Deepwater Projects organization (DWP) therefore embarked on a transformation journey in 2020, aimed at becoming a resilient organization that consistently delivers safe, globally competitive and affordable assets. The transformation entails strategy re-shape, culture and behavioral changes, people development and process improvements across the organization. The program was defined in phases from point A to point C, using external benchmark to set bold targets and inspire commitment to improve cost, schedule performance and become a centre of excellence for project delivery.

The DWP transformation journey revealed key steps that should be taken, structures and enablers that will ensure a transformational change, how to measure and track the benefits of the transformation. This paper discusses the lessons learnt to achieve major performance improvements in DWP delivery and highlights how to ensure that everyone in an organization buys into a business transformation programme, where employees have clarity on how they fit in and how leadership commitment plays an important role in sustaining the gains.
SCR Fatigue Mitigation Options for Life Extension
Authors: Wemimo Oluwasegun , Osadebe Olisaemeka , Amuda Daniel , Bhat Shankar , Ugbelase John
Published: July 2023

Steel Catenary Risers (SCRs) are typically designed to meet requirement for the field life. However, with a possibility for an opportunity for life extension (LE), a remaining life reassessment (RLA) is necessary to be carried out to explore options to extend the life within the SCR integrity framework requirements. It is noted that replacing the whole or specific portion of length of the SCR is not considered as an economically and practically viable option. Several SCR fatigue damage reduction options have been explored for life extension considerations in the industry and the practicality of implementing them to specific field leads to only few choices due to the complexities involved in executing these options. The complexities arise in the execution as the fatigue damage reduction options will require careful re-assessment of floating system performance that includes floater motion, global riser behavior, and mooring system performance.

This paper aims to present findings from the fatigue re-assessment as well as the thought process and needed considerations to selecting a mitigation option that is purpose-fit given the value drivers as well as constraints for a typical floater in West Africa deep-water. This is considering that within the West of Africa deep-water fields, this is the first time a practical approach is given to solve the fatigue life extension

The fatigue reassessment incorporates as-occurred data parameters that affect global system performance of the SCRs. The fatigue mitigation options considered are repositioning of floater, use of buoyancy modules at midsections of the SCR, and increase in Vortex Induced Vibration (VIV) strakes coverage length. Each of these considered options are analyzed with pros and cons of each option, reviewed to arrive at a purpose fit option.

This paper further gives practical insight to how oil and gas industry operators in the Gulf of Guinea region who are considering SCR life extension, can see to integrate methodological steps in seeking solutions to extending field life while maintaining asset integrity. It also highlights the impact of technology and digitalization on asset integrity management. This strategy provides affordability to create earnings from today's energy to fund the energy for future needs.
Performance of an SI Engine Operating on a Dual Gasoline and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Fuel
Authors: Archibong-Eso A. , Archibong-Eso E. U. , Enyia J. D. , Igbong D. I.
Published: July 2023

The economic growth of nations often coincides with an increase in energy consumption. As countries develop, their energy demand naturally rises. In Nigeria, this demand is primarily met with conventional fossil fuels, which have resulted in environmental degradation and greenhouse gas emissions. In response to the Paris Agreement of 2015, which seeks to limit global warming, many nations made pledges and commitments towards cleaner energy options to help mitigate climate change. This article presents experimental investigations conducted on a mini-internal combustion engine test bed commonly used for power generation in Nigeria. The test bed is a single-cylinder, two-stroke, single overhead camshaft (SOHC), 6.5 HP spark ignition (SI) gasoline engine, typically used as an off-grid backup power source for low- and middle-income households. The engine was slightly modified to run on dual liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and gasoline fuel using a dual-fuel carburetor. Our findings reveal that gasoline produced marginally better operational mean effective pressure (OMEP) of about 13.26 kPa and engine torque (and power), 49 RPM relative to LPG, with OMEP of 12.24 kPa and 45 RPM, respectively. LPG, on the other hand, outperformed gasoline in terms of engine efficiency, specific fuel consumption, and energy pricing. Despite the engine test bed being designed and optimized for gasoline fuel, LPG showed significant promise as a viable fuel in a gasoline SI engine.
Wellbore Strengthening: Palm Date Seeds for Mitigating Circulation Losses and Effect of Salinity on Clay Swelling
Authors: Mohamed Abdirahman H. , Sulaimon Aliyu , Jufar Shiferaw , Manickam Vijay , Adeyemi Bamikole
Published: July 2023

Drilling through depleted and Deepwater formations are often challenging because of various wellbore instabilities such as weak zones, abnormally pressured, and/or highly swelling zones that could trigger severe circulation losses, blowouts, wellbore sloughing, enlargement, and stuck drill pipe. Considering the consequential expenses of non-productive time, it is essential to determine the root cause of wellbore instabilities, to initiate the appropriate mitigation measures. Therefore, this work was structured to review lost circulation and shale swelling challenges, mechanisms, and control strategies. Firstly, this research work has investigated palm date seeds (DS) as loss circulation and a bridging material. Processed palm seeds were sieved into various particle sizes and added in different mass and size ratios to the formulated oil-based mud. Sand-bed and HPHT filtration experiments were conducted to investigate the DS filtrate control potential. The filtrate loss and the mud cake thickness of the DS mud samples ranged between 4.2 ml to 4.8 ml and 1mm to 3mm, respectively. The conducted LCM comparative evaluations have shown that DS had the least filtrate control potential and the least competent mud cake. However, in the sand-bed experiment, DS LCM was able to withhold the mud in the sand column despite the high filtration depth. Secondly, this research work also investigated the effect of salinity on clay hydration. Therefore, using a viscometer to measure the yield point of a sample bentonite slurry, it was observed that (KCl + bentonite) had a 95% yield point reduction compared with (freshwater + bentonite).
Experimental Study on the Effect of Sodium Chloride, Cement and Silica Sand Contamination in Water-Based Drilling Mud
Authors: Salihu A. , Maina K. , Ogolo O. , Okafor I. , Chior J.
Published: July 2023

Drilling operation efficiency is improved by the effective and regular monitoring of drilling mud properties when drilling a well. The type of drilling fluid or drilling mud used, the kind of pollutant, and the degree of contamination all affect how bad the contamination is. When contamination is so significant that treating it would be virtually impossible, drilling mud will be needed to be dumped. In order to ensure that the mud performs as intended, it is vital to keep an eye and monitor on its qualities for contamination. This research shows an experimental investigation into how some physical characteristics of water-based drilling mud are affected by contamination with sodium chloride, cement, and silica sand. Four mud samples were formulated, and three of them included 2 to 8 g of NaCl, cement, and silica sand contamination. The rheological properties as well as temperature, density and pH of the formulated mud were determined. Analysis of the results shows that the plastic viscosity, apparent viscosity, yield point and gel strength as well as the pH, density and temperature of the used mud increased with increasing concentration of Cement. However, when the content of NaCl increased, all of the rheological characteristics of the produced mud considerably reduced. The NaCl caused a quick rise in mud temperature, a little drop in mud pH, and a slight increase in mud density.

Furthermore, the apparent viscosity, yield point, gel strength, density and temperature of the formulated mud rapidly increased when the amount of silica sand was raised. The mud pH also increased slightly with increase in the quantity of Silica Sand. While the plastic viscosity decreases rapidly as the concentration of Silica Sand increased.
Comparative Analysis of CO2 Storage Capacity on Saline Aquifers in the Niger Delta
Authors: Akinboade Oluseyi , Olusola Bukola
Published: July 2023

The recent clamour for net-zero gas emissions has increased the demand for further research in carbon capture, storage and utilization as a means to further reduce green gas emissions. Therefore, this paper has identified trapping index parameters to evaluate CO2 storage capacity in the Niger Delta of Nigeria. This was carried out by assessing two major trapping mechanisms that affect the efficiency of the carbon injection and storage within the saline aquifer.

In this work, we conducted a numerical simulation to compare the CO2 storage capacities of two reservoirs with saline aquifers. We considered some minor reservoirs not suitable for commercial development due to their minimal oil in place values and net pay thickness of less than 30 ft. These reservoirs are charged with aquifers which were simulated to study the storage capacity of CO2 at downhole conditions. The impact of the reservoir structure, permeability and pressure regimes are some of the parameters that were observed to affect CO2 storage capacity.

CO2 was continuously injected into the aquifers via injector wells at 80% of their fracture pressure. Crestal monitoring wells ensured the pressure distribution around the cap rock did not exceed fracture pressure limits. The results were compared and simulation-based inferences were made for each reservoir.

The results showed similar migration patterns for each reservoir however there was a significant difference in the residual trapping mechanism of both reservoirs. This impacted the overall CO2 storage capacity at the end of the simulation run. The results obtained from this work can be applied to other reservoirs in the Niger Delta where commercial development is not expected due to their hydrocarbon in-place volumes.
The Use of Solar Energy to Power the Oil and Gas FPSO in Africa
Authors: Amabuo Collins , Ibrahim Bilal , Ebere Emmanuella , Ayodele Emmanuel
Published: July 2023

The study assesses the feasibility of using solar energy to power floating, production, storage, and offloading (FPSO) units in Africa. These units are used for offshore production and storage but are often powered by diesel generators, which can be costly and environmentally harmful. The research examines the current state of FPSO power systems in Africa and the challenges diesel generators pose, such as high costs and emissions. The study then explores the potential of using solar panels as a substitute power source. Solar energy can provide cost-effective and sustainable power to FPSOs, potentially reducing or eliminating the need for diesel generators. The study examines the technical feasibility of using solar energy in Africa, including designing and integrating solar panels and power systems. The economic advantages, such as lower fuel and maintenance costs and reduced emissions, are also evaluated. The study acknowledges the challenges posed by the harsh marine environment, limited space on FPSOs, and power reliability and availability. However, these challenges can be overcome with advanced solar technologies, such as bifacial panels and energy storage solutions, like batteries.

In conclusion, the study highlights the potential of using solar energy as a sustainable and cost-effective power source for FPSOs in Africa. By working with the shipbuilding and oil and gas industries, solar power systems can be specifically tailored to FPSO needs, reducing dependence on diesel generators, lowering costs, and reducing emissions. Further research and development are necessary to improve the performance and durability of solar panels in Africa's marine environment. The use of solar energy in FPSOs can also benefit local communities by providing reliable energy, boosting the economy, and promoting a cleaner future (World Bank, 2020).
Hydrogen a Key Solution to Nigeria Energy Poverty: A Case Study of a Pilot Project
Authors: Okolocha D. A. , Oghale T. O. , Odili A. M. , Ogagarue D. O.
Published: July 2023

In this study, sustainable development is reviewed with particular focus on how Nigeria can efficiently utilize her renewable energy resources to provide cheap and affordable energy using Hydrogen as a fuel source to drive a Hydrogen economy. Hydrogen has the potential to become an important part of Nigeria's energy mix, as it is an abundant, clean, and safe fuel source. The paper first outlines the meaning of Hydrogen economy and it's important in the Nigeria energy mix. It also address the current energy situation in Nigeria, with a focus on the challenges faced by the country with regards to energy availability and affordability as well as the future of the conventional Petroleum base economy. It then provides an overview of hydrogen production and its associated technologies, with a focus on the potential of hydrogen as an alternative fuel source using water. The paper presents a proposed approach to achieve a balanced energy availability and affordability in Nigeria, with a focus on the development of hydrogen infrastructure. An experimental approach was used to demonstrate how hydrogen can be extracted from water into a storable fuel. The stored Hydrogen fuel was used to power a fabricated hydrogen fuel cell to generate energy for domestic cooking. The study highlights the importance of the experimental setup and the need for development in a commercial scale to meet the rising energy demand of the nation for a sustainable development. Finally, the paper outlines the potential benefits of hydrogen production for Nigeria, as well as the potential barriers to its successful implementation. The paper concludes by highlighting the need for further research and analysis to understand the feasibility of using hydrogen energy in Nigeria.
Improving the Flowability of Waxy Crude Oil Using Orange Seed Oil Derived Additive
Authors: Fadairo Adesina , Adeyemi Gbadegesin , Egenhoff Sven , Obia Stephen , Oni Opeyemi , Oladepo Adebowale , Nwaokwu Richmond
Published: July 2023

The field development of deep offshore and onshore platforms has proven to be extremely expensive hence the necessity of painstaking decision making while checking for the feasibility of various field development plans. The guarantee of waxy crude oil production has proven to be a major problem during the pipeline transport of produced hydrocarbon from the production platforms to the storage plants. Billions of dollars are spent to control the deposition of paraffin in pipe network. The major factor causing wax deposition includes temperature, pour point of the crude oil sample and most importantly the paraffin content of the crude oil sample amongst other factors. It has been proven over the years that the chemical method of controlling wax deposition is the most efficient for wax deposition control as it tackles the root cause of the wax formation and restricts it. However, as efficient as the chemical methods, a great number of chemists mostly utilize certain conventional chemicals rather than others which include Triethanolamine (TEA) and xylene which have proven to be highly priced and usually not environmentally friendly. Various research has been carried out in the hunt for other substitute chemicals for the control of wax formation. Reports have shown that the use of seed oil has been the leading research in wax formation control and deposition. In this study, the seed oils generated from orange seed were converted to biodiesels by a process termed transesterification as there is a significant need to reduce the seed oil viscosity because lower viscous phase greatly improve flow when mix with the waxy crude oil. The study demonstrated that biodiesel made from orange seed oil has the ability to slow wax formation and deposition by lowering the cloud point and pour point in the waxy hydrocarbon.
Impact of Crude Oil Price Volatilities on Petroleum Revenue Collection and Allocation in Ghana
Authors: Suleman Shafic , Ennin Godfred Kwaku , Iledare Omowumi , Kudzedzi Constantine Kojo-Mawenena
Published: July 2023

The abundance of resources is a blessing, but the price volatility of those resources is a curse (Luciani, 2011). Price variations and its corresponding impact on petroleum revenues is of great importance to industry players. This study adopted a quantitative approach to analyse secondary data collected from multiple sources including Public Interest and Accountability Committee (PIAC), Bank of Ghana and not limited to the Ministry of Finance to examine the extent to which crude oil fluctuations influence petroleum revenue collection and allocation in Ghana. The main statistical method employed for this research was regression and descriptive analysis. For robustness check, three post estimations were conducted. These are the Cameron and Trivedi test for heteroskedasticity, Ramsey test for omitted variables, and variance inflation factors (VIF). All three postestimation results showed that the regression estimates are robust. The study finds that at a 1% significance level, the Price of Crude Oil (PCO) and the Petroleum Revenues (PR) are statistically significant. This emphasises the crucial influence of oil prices on petroleum revenues to the state. The study also finds that factors, other than oil price, could to an extent affect petroleum revenues collection and allocation. Such includes allocations to the Ghana National Petroleum Corporation, the Annual Budget Funding Amount (ABFA), Ministerial discretions and volumes of crude oil produced and among others. Against these findings, the study recommends that some reforms be made to the PRMA to do away with ministerial discretions on capping the Ghana stabilization fund and also where necessary, consider hedging as a security against unexpected crude oil price falls.
Machine Learning Models for Energy Prediction in a Low Carbon Building
Authors: Archibong-Eso E. U. , Archibong-Eso A. , Enyia J. D.
Published: July 2023

Globally, buildings are responsible for an estimated 40% of energy consumption and 33% of CO2 emissions. In a bid to reduce CO2 emissions and hence, global warming, it has become necessary to ensure the energy efficient construction and operation of buildings. Understanding how a building utilises energy is a critical step to increase its efficiency. In this study, we leverage on an open-source data obtained from UCI data repository. Exploratory data analysis and feature engineering were used to eliminate non-contributing features while identifying key attributes of the data for model training. Linear Regression (LR) and Support Vector Regression (SVR) were employed as the machine learning techniques for the study. The models were trained using a repeated cross-validation technique. The models’ performance was evaluated on an independent data set segregated for testing. The LR model was trained with nine out of thirty-three features, while the Support Vector Regression (SVR) model used twenty-eight features for its training. The SVR model had a higher variance (0.48), accuracy (92.41%), and lower Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 7.59% compared to the LR model's variance of 0.26, accuracy of 91.87%, and MAPE of 8.13%. The SVR model was more accurate in predicting energy consumption, as it showed better accuracy on the test set with lower MAPE and higher R-squared value. Both models outperformed a relatively complex and computationally expensive model in a previous study. It also identified areas with high energy consumption which could be used to inform the building's energy management strategy.
Sensitivity Analysis and History Matching of a Gas Condensate Reservoir, A Field Case Study of a Niger Delta Gas Condensate Reservoir
Authors: Alonge Ibe , Ehibor Idahosa , Ohenhen Ikponmwosa , Olafuyi Olalekan , Anim John , Ekpah Innocent , Olajide Olanike , Obah Patrick
Published: July 2023

Gas condensate reservoir exhibit complex phase behaviour once the pressure falls below the dew point pressure, fluids condense out of the gas, forming a condensate ring in the near wellbore region, which reduces gas well deliverability, and causes a reduction in the recovery factor from the reservoir. The complex phase behaviour of a gas condensate reservoir and compositional variations however, makes long term or future prediction of the reservoir performance extremely intricate. This paper thus, aims to conduct an optimization process that improves productivity from a gas condensate reservoir, and improves future predictability of reservoir performance.

Firstly, a sensitivity analysis was conducted on the gas condensate reservoir., by applying the response surface methodology technique. The sensitivity analysis enabled a broader understanding of the simulation model, and identified parameters that were likely to have an effect on the consistency of the model. The next step involved conducting a history match of the reservoir production data recorded in the field against reservoir simulated production data. This involved calibrating the simulation model with actual production data from the reservoir, to ensure a perfect or near perfect representation of the reservoir performance, which was achieved by applying the Designed Exploration and Controlled Evolution (DECE). Once an accurate representation of the reservoir performance was achieved, the model was then used to perform production optimisation. Particle swarm optimisation technique was used in the optimisation of the reservoir, to provide information on the best production methodology for the reservoir that would improve profitability of the production process. A numerical study was conducted using the CMG 2021 compositional simulator, the CMOST AI simulator module, for various experimental studies, to determine proxy solutions that match the actual field history production data from the reservoir, and to predict the future performance of the reservoir.

Obtained results showed an improvement in the recovery factor from the reservoir.
Thru Tubing Gaslift Installation Techniques in Dual Completion for Production Optimization and Improved Recovery in Brown Field Reservoirs
Authors: Arowosafe Toyin , Ishomo Lucky , Ogbebor Anthony , Benson Esigie , Aigbefo Rita
Published: July 2023

There are several non-rig well intervention methods used in the oil industry to resuscitate dead wells back to production. One of such methods implemented for non-gaslift wells (or previously gas lifted wells with shallow mandrel depths) is the installation of Thru Tubing Gas Lift (TTGL) equipment at a pre-determined depth on the walls of the tubing. Most TTGL assemblies are usually fitted with one orifice valve to provide single-point injection. As a result of the single-point injection, well performance might be impacted overtime as reservoir pressure depletes and produced fluid composition changes. In such cases, deepening of injection point is required to restore the wells to production and ensure maximum oil recovery. However, these TTGL installation techniques are especially delicate to implement in wells with dual completions due to the execution complexities introduce by the presence of the adjacent tubing string, existing or adjacent perforations and injection points in the tubing.

Dual oil producers, Wells X19B and Y22C were completed with dual completions without gas lift equipment in ED and ET field offshore Nigeria respectively. Well X19BL had TTGL installed about 8 years after it began production but, started to cycle gas through the TTGL point and was shut-in to curtail unwanted gas production to the surface facility. Well Y22CL and Wells Y22CU quit production on natural flow due to low well head pressure that resulted from decline in reservoir pressure

Rig based interventions was uneconomic owing to the fact the remaining reserves were marginal. This paper discusses the techniques, challenges and operational learnings from the first-time application of TTGL deepening and TTGL installation in both dual strings despite complexities from well architecture and previous TTGL installation
PhyloVelo enhances transcriptomic velocity field mapping using monotonically expressed genes
Authors: Hu Zheng , Wang Kun , Hou Liangzhen , Wang Xin , Zhai Xiangwei , Lu Zhaolian , Zi Zhike , Zhai Weiwei , He Xionglei , Curtis Christina , Zhou Da
Published: August 2023

Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a powerful approach for studying cellular differentiation, but accurately tracking cell-fate transitions can be challenging, especially in disease conditions. Here, we introduce PhyloVelo, a computational framework that estimates the velocity of transcriptomic dynamics by using monotonically expressed genes (MEGs), or genes with expression patterns that either increase or decrease, but don’t cycle, through phylogenetic time. Through integration of scRNA-seq data with lineage information, PhyloVelo identifies MEGs and reconstructs a transcriptomic velocity field. We validate PhyloVelo using simulated data and C. elegans ground-truth data, successfully recovering linear, bifurcated, and convergent differentiations. Applying PhyloVelo to seven lineage-traced scRNA-seq datasets, generated via CRISPR/Cas9 editing, lentiviral barcoding or immune repertoire profiling, demonstrates its high accuracy and robustness in inferring complex lineage trajectories, while outperforming RNA velocity. Additionally, we discover that MEGs across tissues and organisms share similar functions in translation and ribosome biogenesis.
HBx promotes tumorigenicity through RRM2-mediated autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: wang bin , yaqun li , Wang Furan , Geng Zikai , He TianYe , song yun , Wu Jian
Published: August 2023

HBV infection can exacerbate liver disease progression through multiple mechanisms, eventually leading to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV-encoded oncogene X protein (HBx), a key regulatory protein of HBV infection, serves as a positive regulator of hepatocarcinogenesis. Ribonucleotide-diphosphate reductase M2 subunit (RRM2), which is indispensable for DNA replication and repair, has been shown overexpressed in a range of malignancies. Our previous studies clarified that RRM2 expression is highly elevated in HCC, particularly in HBV-related HCC. Given the robust RRM2 expression is strongly associated with poor survival rate of the patients with HCC, while the specific functions and underlying mechanisms of RRM2 in HBV-related HCC remain elusive; the present study was performed to elucidate whether HBx increases RRM2 expression, and whether RRM2 engages in interaction with HBxin vivoandin vitro. Autophagy is a crucial step in the oncogenic process of HBx, while autophagy inhibition attenuates HBx-initiated proliferation response. We further demonstrated that RRM2 interference lowered HBx-induced autophagy, inhibited the production of autophagic vesicles and lysosomes, and caused G1/S blockage, thereby inhibiting HBx-stimulated hepatocellular carcinogenesis. Our findings indicate that RRM2 may play a tumor-promoting role in HBV-associated HCC by modulating autophagy, suggesting that RRM2 may be a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
Detection of environmental change through geospatial techniques in Barisha, Thakurpukur area under Kolkata Municipal Corporation: A study on ward number 124 under Kolkata Municipal Corporation, West Bengal, India
Authors: AICH ARPITA CHAUDHURY , Das Bela
Published: August 2023

The most important measure of a region’s economic progress can be studied through Land use and land cover change (LULC). Through LULC change how over time human behaviour of that particular place has changed can be studied very accurately. The study aims to detect and analyse the land cover and land-use change of ward number 124 under Kolkata Municipal Corporation. The area has been subjected to extremities of urbanisation owing to greater connectivity through introduction of metro railways. LULC change was studied in the satellite imageries for the years 1991, 2006 and 2020. Normalised Difference Vegetation Index was calculated to study the spatio-temporal urban footprint. Accuracy assessment and Kappa index was also calculated to show the magnitude of urban footprint over the years in the area. LULC change shows that there is a substantial increase in the built up area over the years at the cost of vegetation and water-bodies.
The dirty side of clean energy: Lithium ion batteries as a source of PFAS in the environment
Authors: Guelfo Jennifer , Ferguson P. , Beck Jonathan , Chernick Melissa , Doria-Manzur Alonso , Faught Patrick , Flug Thomas , Gray Evan , Jayasundara Nishad , Knappe Detlef , Joyce Abigail , Meng Pingping , Shojaei Marzieh
Published: August 2023

Lithium ion batteries (LiBs) are used globally as a key component of clean and sustainable energy iinfrastructure1,2. Emerging LiB technologies have incorporated a novel class of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS, i.e., "forever chemicals") known as bis-perfluoroalkyl sulfonimides (bis-FASIs)3–8. PFAS are recognized internationally as recalcitrant, mobile, and toxic environmental contaminants9. Despite this, virtually nothing is known about environmental impacts of bis-FASIs released during LiB manufacture, use, and disposal. Here we demonstrate that occurrence, ecotoxicity, and treatability of this novel class of PFAS are comparable to PFAS that are now prohibited and highly regulated worldwide10–15 and confirm the clean energy sector as an unrecognized and growing source of global PFAS release. U.S. and European surface water, soil, and sediment measurements confirmed bis-FASI release internationally at concentrations as high as 2,437 parts per trillion (ppt). Toxicity data demonstrated effects on swimming behavior in Daphnia magna at bis-FASI exposures of 10 ppt and swimming behavior and metabolic process changes in Danio rerio resulting from exposures of 25 ppt. Occurrence of up to 881 ppt of bis-FASIs in landfill leachates highlights current impacts of LiB disposal. Although fully recalcitrant to advanced oxidation processes, select bis-FASIs were removed from water during adsorptive treatment with similar or better efficiency as more hydrophobic PFAS such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). LiB use is anticipated to increase globally over the next decade, and 8 million tons of LiB waste are projected by 2040 as a result of low recycling rates16. This suggests that environmental exposure to this novel, unregulated class of PFAS will increase with time and will be relevant to the majority of the world's population. Results underscore that environmental impacts of clean energy infrastructure merit scrutiny to ensure that reduced CO2 emissions are not achieved at the expense of increasing global releases of persistent organic pollutants.
Physical Understanding of the tropical cyclone intensity and size relations over the North Indian Ocean
Authors: Nekk Yerni Srinivas , Osuri Krishna Kishore , Mohapatra M
Published: August 2023

Tropical cyclone (TC) size and intensity define the potential destructiveness in the land-falling region. This study investigates the inter-relationships between size parameters (radius of maximum wind, Rmax; 34-knots wind, R34; and TC-fullness, TCF) and intensity. The best-track (size and intensity) data is obtained from Joint Typhoon Warning center during 2002–2021. The frequently observed R34, Rmaxand TCF are 100–150 km, 20–60 km, and 0.8, respectively for NIO TCs. Intensity and TCF are strongly related (0.7) than R34 (0.5) and Rmax(0.6). Analysis shows that size changes are weakly related to intensity changes (0.37–0.39). Diagnostic analysis has been conducted to address possible reasons for different TC groups 1) TCs with no size variation with intensity (Group-1), (2) both increase (Group-2), (3) size increases with no intensity change (Group-3), (4) Initial more size (Group-4). The dry air intrusion outside the eyewall in Group-1 TCs in low vertical wind shear condition limit rain-bands development, enabling moisture convergence into the primary eyewall that helps maintaining storm intensity without R34 increase. Strong surface fluxes in primary eyewall region supports convection and absolute angular momentum (AAM) at upper and lower levels, which boosts size and intensity in Group-2 TCs. Strong and broader surface fluxes and vertical velocities may create rain-bands or secondary-eyewall, causing bigger TCs with limited intensification in Group-3 TCs. Larger initial TC vortices maintains wider and intense surface fluxes, vertical velocities, and AAM in the TC inner and outer cores, supporting maintenance of larger TC size in Group-4.
MTDH Promotes Cancer Stem Cell Phenotypes and Correlated with Immune Infiltration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yiying , Shen Meimei , Gao Jian
Published: August 2023

Purpose
MTDH (Metadherin) has been suggested as one of the key oncogenes in most cancer types, including hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of MTDH in hepatocellular carcinoma on stemness and immune infiltration.
Methods
MTDH expression in HCC tissues was detected using TCGA and GEO databases. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze tissue samples. MTDH was stably knocked down or overexpressed by transfection with lentivirus in two HCC cell lines. Invasive and migratory abilities were evaluated using matrigel invasion and wound healing assays.Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to determine gene expression. Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and tumor sphere formation assays were used to identify stem-like cell characterization. MTDH inhibition was evaluated in vivo for its effects on tumor growth. The correlation of MTDH with immune cells, immunomodulators, and chemokines was analyzed through the ssGSEA and TISIDB databases.
Results
The expression of MTDH is increased in hepatocellular carcinoma and leads to poor prognosis. HCC cells overexpressing MTDH invaded and migrated more, exhibited a stem cell-like phenotype, and formed spheres. MTDH inhibition attenuated these effects. In vivo, inhibition of MTDH suppressed HCC progression and expression of CD133. MTDH was positively correlated with immature dendritic cells, Th2 cells, central memory CD8 T cell, memory B cell, and CXCL2. MTDH was negatively associated with activated CD8 T cell, eosinophil, activated B cell, monocyte, CX3CL1, and CXCL12.
Conclusions
High levels of MTDH expression in HCC patients are associated with poor prognosis, promoting tumour stemness, immune infiltration and HCC progression.
Dichotomization of reading-related interpretive patterns at the transition from school to university
Authors: Witte Jennifer
Published: July 2023

The article deals with the development of interpretative patterns related to reading, literature, and texts at the transition from school to university from a qualitative-reconstructive perspective. The focus is on the thesis that interpretive patterns increasingly break down into two distinct, separate domains during this phase (dichotomization thesis). These areas – private, informal reading and institutional, school-, university-reading – relate to different conscious and unconscious attributions, as a result of which different relevance and function are attributed to reading. I illustrate and discuss this phenomenon on the basis of empirical data (narrative interviews in a biographical longitudinal section, analyzed by means of social science hermeneutics).
Physicochemical evaluation to assess the quality of honey samples marketed in Oman
Authors: AL HADHRAMİE Al Zahraa Mohammed Said , AL MAZROOEİ Fatema Rashid Abdullah , AL MAMARİ Sheikha , AL HUMAİD Sakina Habib Juma , KHAN Shah , AKHTAR Mohammad Jawaıd
Published: July 2023

The study aimes to investigate the physicochemical properties of seven honey samples to assess their quality as per GCC Standardization Organization (GSO) and international standard parameters. Seven honey samples, four marketed honey samples, and three locally produced Omani honey were collected and analysed for the pH, acidic content, % of insoluble matter, moisture content, proline, hydroxyl methyl furfural (HMF) and total reducing sugar contents. The results showed that pH of the tested honey samples are within the limit however acidity of the three samples did not comply with the prescribed limits. The moisture, proline, and hydroxy methyl furfural (HMF) contents of the honey samples tested are found to be within the acceptable range. However, the % of insoluble matter expressed for locally produced Sidr, Sumer, and Zah’r honey samples was below the maximum limit (0.5%) while marketed honey samples exceeded the limits of GSO (0.1%). The total reducing sugar concentration was below the limit in terms of four samples. Most of the tested honey samples meet the International/GSO standards for quality while a few failed to comply with acidity limits, the total reducing sugars content, and % of insoluble matter.
Review on antibiotics residues and their extraction and detection methods in highly consumed foodstuffs
Authors: HOSSAİN Md Amzad , AL TOUBY Salem Said Jaroof , SHAM Ahmed Abu , AL RAJHİ Waleed Khalid Hilal , SALEM Ali Attia Abedlnaeem Attia
Published: July 2023

Antibiotics have been widely used in the food industry, and their utilization has increased tremendously. Foodstuffs sometimes comprise excessive amounts of antibiotic residues due to a lack of awareness and misuse of these valuable drugs. The misuse of antibiotics in foods has led to the growth of bacterial resistance. Over the past century, the increasing use and abuse of antibiotics in food animals have directed to the prevalent transmission of bacterial and genetic resistance between animals and humans. Antibiotic residue from foods is considered a significant contaminant that threatens human health worldwide. Awareness and training on the application of antibiotics among farmers and drug sellers can rationalize the use of antibiotics in food animals. The Government of Oman should create and firmly implement application guidelines to regulate the use and prevent the misuse of antibiotics in foodstuffs sectors. This review aims to explore the current status of antibiotic residue in foodstuffs, and their detection, separation, and identification technologies in use. The review also highlights alternative ways to fight bacterial resistance.
Biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using Laurus nobilis leaf extract and investigation of antiproliferative and antibacterial activity potential
Authors: ÖNEM Ebru , MERT SİVRİ Firdevs , AKKOÇ Senem , ÇIRRIK Cennet , EZER Aleyna
Published: July 2023

Nanotechnology has recently emerged as an essential field of study in modern materials science. The green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extracts is of great interest because it is cost-effective, eco-friendly, and suitable for large-scale production. The study highlights the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Laurus nobilis (L. nobilis) leaf extract and their characterization and biological activities for potential applications in the biomedical field. ZnO NPs were synthesized using Laurus nobilis leaf extract. The synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, TEM, XRD, and FT-IR. According to TEM and XRD diffraction analysis, with a mean particle size of 16 ± 5 nm, it was found that the synthesized ZnO NPs contain a hexagonal wurtzite structure. ZnO NPs have antibacterial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli). The antiproliferative activity of ZnO NPs was tested against the human colon cancer cell line and mouse normal fibroblast cell line using MTT assay in vitro. The results show that the prepared nanoparticles had antiproliferative in screened incubation time and concentrations.
Investigation of antimicrobial and anticancer activity of extracts obtained following UV application to Althaea officinalis L. callus cultures
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Fethi Ahmet , TURAN Mesut
Published: July 2023

Althaea officinalis L., a plant of the Malvaceae family, is widely used in alternative medicine. The aim of this study is to cultivate the Althaea officinalis plant under in vitro conditions to create an appropriate callus regeneration protocol and investigate the antimicrobial and anticancer activities of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of calli after UV-C application. Leaf, petiole, and root parts of A. officinalis plants germinated in a sterile environment were used as explant sources. Explants were cultured on MS medium containing different concentrations of 2,4-D (1, 2 mg/l) and BAP (0.25, 0.50, 0.75 mg/l). The most effective (100%) callus growth and callus weight (516.24±0.48 mg) was observed on petiole explants using MS medium containing 1 mg/l 2,4-D + 0.25 mg/l BAP. Calli obtained from leaf and petiole explants were exposed to UV-C treatment. Extractions of calli were carried out using methanol and ethyl acetate solutions. 1 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml, and 10 mg/ml solutions of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts were prepared and their antimicrobial activity on bacteria was investigated using the disc diffusion method for 7 different gram-positive and 9 different gram-negative bacteria. None of the three extract concentrations used had any antimicrobial activities. The anticancer activities of the extracts on SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells were studied using the WST-1 viability kit. 1000, 500, 250, 125, and 62.5 µg/ml concentrations of ethyl acetate extracts of leaf and petiole calli had anticancer activity.
Youth views on the role of local government and universities in the development of deoccupied territories
Authors: Bohdanov Ihor , Suchikova Yana , Kovachov Sergii , Hurenko Olha , Aleksandrova Hanna
Published: August 2023

This study examines young people’s perspectives on local government bodies’ and universities’ roles in revitalizing de-occupied territories. A mixed-methods approach was deployed to examine their roles in returning and retaining young people in these areas. An initial quantitative survey was conducted among 1,180 young individuals from Berdyansk and its district (a temporarily occupied territory of Ukraine), focusing on the prospects of their return after de-occupation. A subsequent “Youth of Berdyansk” forum assembled roughly 300 participants, including university and local government representatives, to further explore youth perceptions. Findings revealed that 52.8% of respondents envision their future in the de-occupied region. Local government bodies and universities were seen as crucial for the region’s development and restoration by 92% and 86% of respondents, respectively. Moreover, 69% recognized the potential of partnerships between these institutions to enhance the territories’ appeal. Most respondents indicated readiness to participate in creating recovery strategies (41% absolute readiness, 38% with certain guarantees), though views on youth-centric strategies were mixed (80% agreement, 13% disagreement). The study concludes that local government bodies and universities are critical in the territories’ recovery and development, necessitating explicit engagement and focusing on young people’s needs for effective outcomes.
Adaptive resilience in a post-pandemic era: A case of Vietnamese organizations
Authors: Thi Phuong Minh Ha , Ngoc Long Nguyen
Published: August 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic has been fading gradually, but another problematic phase has begun for organizations in the post-Covid-19 era in Vietnam. This study aims to examine the direct impact of transformational leadership on adaptive resilience, the indirect impact of transformational leadership on adaptive resilience via psychological and employee resilience, and the interactions between the levels of resilience. Quantitative research was used to analyze data from 324 employees chosen via convenient sampling in Vietnam. The findings indicated that transformational leadership directly impact adaptive resilience (β = 0.559, p < 0.000), psychological resilience (β = 0.361, p < 0.000), and employee resilience (β = 0.292, p < 0.000) and also indirectly impact adaptive resilience via psychological and employee resilience (β = 0.135, p < 0.000), and employee resilience via psychological resilience (β = 0.130, p < 0.000). Furthermore, there was also the direct influence of psychological resilience on adaptive resilience (β = 0.135, p < 0.005) and the indirect influence of psychological resilience on adaptive resilience via employee resilience (β = 0.073, p < 0.000). The other direct significant relations, such as between psychological resilience and employee resilience, and between employee resilience and adaptive resilience, were also confirmed (β = 0.360, p < 0.000; β = 0.204, p < 0.000).