bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative study between the outcome of decompressive craniotomy versus craniectomy in the management of acute subdural hematoma
Authors: Azouz Heba Mohamed , Soffar Hussein Mohammed Hussein , Abbass Waleed Abdelaal , Ahmed Ahmed El-said , El-far Mohamed Tarek
Published: July 2023

Background

Acute Subdural hematoma is a very crucial entity in traumatic brain injury, presented with disabling morbid complications and a high mortality rate; therefore, it is a massive socio-economic burden, leading to either direct or secondary brain injury, as hypoxia.

Aim and objectives

Comparative study between decompressive craniotomy (DC) and craniectomy in the management of acute subdural and their consequences. Assessing the most effective management protocol for ASDH with the least morbidity, short hospital’ stay and avoidance of re-operation.

Method

The study design is a prospective comparative randomized study, conducted on 30 patients with ASDH operated and managed starting December 2019 inclusive April 2021 at the Neurosurgery Department Cairo University Hospitals. They were divided equally into two groups: 15 had decompressive craniectomy and another 15 cases were operated upon with craniotomy. All patients were diagnosed with traumatic ASDH.

Results

The mean GCS pre-operative in DC was (9.4) mean with a range from (6 to 13) and the post-operative mean was (11.13) with a range from (4 to 15) compared to the results in the craniotomy group; the pre-operative mean was (9.6) with a range from (6 to 10) and the post-operative GCS mean (11.53) ranging from (6 to 14) that had a P value of 0.69.

Conclusion

There is no statistical significance in comparing decompressive craniectomy and craniotomy in dealing with ASDH, yet early time of surgical evacuation and duroplasty have shown to have good prognostic factors.
Sequence analysis of TLR4 gene in river buffalo (Egyptian breed) and SNPs association with Mastitis
Authors: Abou Mossallam Ahlam , El Nahas Soheir M. , Osman Noha M. , Shahwan El-Hassan T. , Sabry Nevien M.
Published: July 2023

Background

Mastitis is a major cause of economic loss for dairy farmers and industry. River buffalo plays an economically significant role in Egypt. Buffaloes with mastitis have reduced milk yield and change in milk composition. Genetic variations in the Toll-like receptor4 (TLR4) gene have been related to several diseases in farm animals and humans including mastitis. The present investigation aims to find the genotypic variations in the TLR4 gene and their relation to mastitis in the river buffalo, Egyptian breed.

Results

DNA from 30 buffaloes' blood samples (15 healthy and 15 with mastitis) were extracted and the TLR4 gene was sequenced. Twenty-one Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found from which four SNPs were associated with mastitis: one in 5'UTR (c.1-g27) and 3 SNPs in the coding region at c.87, c.575, and c.576. The nucleotide variations in SNPs c.1-g27(C > A) and c.87 (C > A) were only present in buffalo with mastitis, while buffaloes with genotype CC at both locations were healthy. The AA genotype at c.87 (P.29) results in a stop codon leading to an abnormally shortened protein. The nonsynonymous SNPs c.575 A > G and c.576 T > G shared amino acid 192 resulting in three amino acids (His192Arg/Gln). The dominant genotypes AA at c.575 and TT at c.576 were associated with mastitis resistance (OR < 1.00), while recessive genotype GG at c.575 was associated with mastitis susceptibility (OR > 1.00). These two SNPs may affect their role in ligand recognition since they were in the LRR4 domain (p.174–p.197) which is part of coreceptor binding region 1.

Conclusions

The present study confirms the relation between TLR4 genotypes and mastitis resistance or mastitis susceptibility in Egyptian dairy buffalo. The study suggested four SNPs (c1-g27C > A, c.87 C > A, c.575A > G, and c.576 T > G) have the potential to be markers for assisted buffalo selection to improve milk production.
Cardioprotective effect of propofol in cardioplegia compared to systemic propofol in heart valves surgery; a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Attia Amr Atef , Torky Mohammad Abd Elmoneim , Abo Elnasr Mohamed Mahmoud , Wahby Ehab Abd Elmonem , Taha Abd Elhady Mohammed
Published: July 2023

Background

Myocardial protection is still a focus of ongoing research. Propofol is used widely during the induction of anaesthesia in cardiac surgery. So, this triggers us to investigate the cardioprotective effect of the propofol when added to the cardioplegia compared to systemic propofol by measuring the troponin T level.

Methods

This clinical randomized controlled trial was carried out on 150 patients operated for elective valvular heart surgery. Patients were assigned into three equal groups: Group 1: received propofol in the cardioplegia, Group 2: received propofol injection in the aortic line before and after the aortic cross-clamp, and Group 3 (control group): patients without propofol in the cardioplegia or aortic line. All patients were subjected to full medical histories, physical examinations, routine tests, and echocardiography. Cardiac troponin T was measured before surgery and 4 times postoperatively.

Results

In group 1, there was a significant improvement in troponin T level at the last reading compared with the control group (mean ± SD. of group 1 was 246.4 ± 131.4, mean ± SD. of group 3 was 317.0 ± 117.9,p = 0.031), denoting propofol's cardioprotective effect when added as a cardioplegia additive. In group 2, there was a significant improvement of troponin T level at the last reading compared with the group 1 and control group (mean ± SD. of group 2 was 202.54 ± 156.03, mean ± SD. of group 3 was 317.0 ± 117.9,p < 0.001), denoting propofol's more cardioprotective effect when used systemically during cardiopulmonary bypass than when added as a cardioplegia additive.

Conclusions

In valvular cardiac surgery, propofol has an additional cardioprotective effect and a superior cardiac outcome when administered systematically during cardiopulmonary bypass rather than added to cardioplegia.

Trial registration

Pan African Clinical Trials Register PACTR201907764652028. Registered on 01 July 2019, retrospectively registered,https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID = 5726.
Scope and limitations of heritage-based resilience: some reflections from Nepal
Authors: Chapagain Neel Kamal
Published: July 2023

Recent risk preparedness and recovery frameworks have focused in particular on the themes of heritage and resilience. It is generally agreed among heritage professionals that heritage can play an important role in postdisaster recovery and resilience. However, heritage (monuments or sites or even intangible heritage) in general is perceived as a fragile resource that needs to be saved instead of as a source of resilience. This raises a question on what resilience means for the conceptualisation of heritage – is it about ‘building back’ the same heritage there was before, or is it also about making heritage relevant to the changed situation (due to disaster etc.)? Is resilience an inherent quality of heritage, or can it also be a process for reconsidering heritage in the postdisaster period? Instead of pursuing heritage as a passive recipient of any response and resilience building process, we can ask (i) how heritage provides refuge in times of crisis, (ii) how heritage can be an agent of distress in some situations, and (iii) what heritage and resilience mean together. Scholars have begun to raise questions about the meaning of heritage for building resilience and the meaning of resilience in relation to heritage. Taking built heritage as an example, while many aspects of built heritage, such as construction techniques, open spaces or resilient materials, may contribute to resilience and recovery, there are also situations where narrow streets and dense built fabric add to disaster risks. Similar dilemmas may be observed in the case of intangible heritage associated with urban areas and everyday life. Thus, this paper challenges the romanticisation of heritage values and explores rationales and critical perspectives that will enable us to conceptualise heritage as a potential source of resilience and recovery. By examining these critical issues, the paper hopes to help enhance the notion of heritage-based urban resilience and recovery rather than loosely promoting it. In doing so, references are made to global frameworks as well as local realities related to the 2015 earthquakes in Nepal.
A case of bronchiolar adenoma/ciliated muconodular papillary tumor in the pulmonary center with high FDG accumulation on PET
Authors: Yamashita Naoki , Hirata Tomomi , Motoi Noriko , Iizuka Toshihiko , Kakuta Satoru , Yamazaki Nobuhiro , Nakajima Yuki , Kinoshita Hiroyasu , Akiyama Hirohiko
Published: July 2023

Background

Bronchiolar adenoma/ciliated muconodular papillary tumor (BA/CMPT) is listed in the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification 5th edition as a rare benign tumor with papillary growth of ciliary, goblet, and basal cells.

Case presentation

The patient was a 67-year-old female in whom a nodular shadow of 20 mm in diameter in the right lower lobe S10 center was found in chest computed tomography (CT) for examination of dorsal pain. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET-CT) showed the accumulation of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) with a standardized uptake value (SUV)max of 13.0. Primary lung cancer was suspected, and surgery was scheduled as a therapeutic strategy. Thoracoscopic resection of the right lower lobe was performed, and possible BA/CMPT or adenocarcinoma was suggested in the differential diagnosis by the intra-perioperative rapid pathologic diagnosis. The final diagnosis was BA/CMPT. Histological findings indicated that the cause of the high FDG-PET scan might be due to many inflammatory cell infiltration in the tumor.

Conclusions

We report a resected case of BA/CMPT with exceptionally high FDG accumulation in PET.
Integrating Computation into Science Education
Authors: Gouvea Julia Svoboda
Published: July 2023

This installment of Current Insights examines calls to integrate computation into science education in order to support computational thinking, practices, and literacies.
A view of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering
Authors: Cadeddu M. , Dordei F. , Giunti C.
Published: July 2023

We review the physics of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering and the results and perspectives for the measurements of the radius of the neutron distribution of the nucleus, of the weak mixing angle, and of new neutrino interactions due to physics beyond the Standard Model.
Uniform magnetic field on the relativistic spinless particles with constant rest mass in 2D polar space
Authors: Ortakaya Sami
Published: July 2023

We present a model for the interaction of relativistic spin-0 charged particles moving in a uniform magnetic field. In the absence of an improved perturbative approach, we solve Kummer's differential equation directly, including principal quantum numbers. As a functional approach to nuclear interaction, we consider relativistic particle bound states subject to a

interaction without an antiparticle regime. Within the approximation line to

, we have also improved the considerations of the

and

related to scalar and mass interactions. Moreover, we have found closeness in the introduced approximation scheme for a range of 0.5 to 1.0 fm. In this way, minimal coupling might also yield analytical energy spectra. Within the 2D spatial regime, we have also found that the energy levels of relativistic spin-0 particles increase with increasing interaction energy (i.e., the quantum well width decreases for given values). Additionally, energy levels increase with larger values of the uniform magnetic field. The charge distribution is also valid for the central interaction-confinement space.
On time: developmental timing within and across species
Authors: Garcia-Ojalvo Jordi , Bulut-Karslioglu Aydan
Published: July 2023

Organisms across species differ in the relative size and complexity of their tissues to serve the specific purposes of the host. Correct timing is a crucial ingredient in the development of tissues, as reaching the right size and complexity requires a careful balance between cellular proliferation and differentiation. Premature or delayed differentiation, for instance, can result in tissue imbalance, malformation or malfunction. Despite seemingly rigid constraints on development, however, there is flexibility in both the timing and differentiation trajectories within and between species. In this Spotlight, we discuss how time is measured and regulated in development, and question whether developmental timing is in fact different between species.
Separation of transcriptional repressor and activator functions in Drosophila HDAC3
Authors: Tang Min , Regadas Isabel , Belikov Sergey , Shilkova Olga , Xu Lei , Wernersson Erik , Liu Xuewen , Wu Hongmei , Bienko Magda , Mannervik Mattias
Published: July 2023

The histone deacetylase HDAC3 is associated with the NCoR/SMRT co-repressor complex, and its canonical function is in transcriptional repression, but it can also activate transcription. Here, we show that the repressor and activator functions of HDAC3 can be genetically separated in Drosophila. A lysine substitution in the N terminus (K26A) disrupts its catalytic activity and activator function, whereas a combination of substitutions (HEBI) abrogating the interaction with SMRTER enhances repressor activity beyond wild type in the early embryo. We conclude that the crucial functions of HDAC3 in embryo development involve catalytic-dependent gene activation and non-enzymatic repression by several mechanisms, including tethering of loci to the nuclear periphery.
Zika virus infection histories in brain development
Authors: Marcelino Bruna L. M. , dos Santos Brendha L. , Doerl Jhulimar G. , Cavalcante Samantha F. , Maia Sara N. , Arrais Nivia M. R. , Zin Andrea , Jeronimo Selma M. B. , Queiroz Claudio , Hedin-Pereira Cecilia , Sequerra Eduardo B.
Published: July 2023

An outbreak of births of microcephalic patients in Brazil motivated multiple studies on this incident. The data left no doubt that infection by Zika virus (ZIKV) was the cause, and that this virus promotes reduction in neuron numbers and neuronal death. Analysis of patients' characteristics revealed additional aspects of the pathology alongside the decrease in neuronal number. Here, we review the data from human, molecular, cell and animal model studies attempting to build the natural history of ZIKV in the embryonic central nervous system (CNS). We discuss how identifying the timing of infection and the pathways through which ZIKV may infect and spread through the CNS can help explain the diversity of phenotypes found in congenital ZIKV syndrome (CZVS). We suggest that intraneuronal viral transport is the primary mechanism of ZIKV spread in the embryonic brain and is responsible for most cases of CZVS. According to this hypothesis, the viral transport through the blood–brain barrier and cerebrospinal fluid is responsible for more severe pathologies in which ZIKV-induced malformations occur along the entire anteroposterior CNS axis.
Localization of unlabeled bepirovirsen antisense oligonucleotide in murine tissues using in situ hybridization and CARS imaging
Authors: Spencer-Dene Bradley , Mukherjee Prabuddha , Alex Aneesh , Bera Kajari , Tseng Wei-Ju , Shi Jindou , Chaney Eric J. , Spillman Darold R. , Marjanovic Marina , Miranda Elena , Boppart Stephen A. , Hood Steve R.
Published: July 2023

Current methods for detecting unlabeled antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) drugs rely on immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or conjugated molecules, which lack sufficient sensitivity, specificity, and resolution to fully investigate their biodistribution. Our aim was to demonstrate the qualitative and quantitative distribution of unlabeled bepirovirsen, a clinical stage ASO, in livers and kidneys of dosed mice using novel staining and imaging technologies at subcellular resolution. ASOs were detected in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) and frozen tissues using an automated chromogenic in situ hybridization (ISH) assay: miRNAscope. This was then combined with immunohistochemical detection of cell lineage markers. ASO distribution in hepatocytes versus nonparenchymal cell lineages was quantified using HALO AI image analysis. To complement this, hyperspectral coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (HS-CARS) imaging microscopy was used to specifically detect the unique cellular Raman spectral signatures following ASO treatment. Bepirovirsen was localized primarily in nonparenchymal liver cells and proximal renal tubules. Codetection of ASO with distinct cell lineage markers of liver and kidney populations aided target cell identity facilitating quantification. Positive liver signal was quantified using HALO AI, with 12.9% of the ASO localized to the hepatocytes and 87.1% in nonparenchymal cells. HS-CARS imaging specifically detected ASO fingerprints based on the unique vibrational signatures following unlabeled ASO treatment in a totally nonperturbative manner at subcellular resolution. Together, these novel detection and imaging modalities represent a significant increase in our ability to detect unlabeled ASOs in tissues, demonstrating improved levels of specificity and resolution. These methods help us understand their underlying mechanisms of action and ultimately improve the therapeutic potential of these important drugs for treating globally significant human diseases.
Potential impact of great lockdown on students’ knowledge, attitude and practices towards the COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Berekaa Mahmoud , Omer Eltigani , Almoslem Munthir , Alsahli Khaled , Aljassim Mohammed
Published: July 2023

Background: Despite variation in the types of COVID-19 vaccines and genetic variation in the SARS-CoV-2 genome, using preventive measures remains the first choice to reduce risks associated with COVID-19 infection.

Methods: This cross-sectional study highlights students’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward SARS-CoV-2 infection during lockdown. The study was conducted at the Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. Data was collected from 43 male preparatory students via an online self-structured questionnaire. Knowledge level was determined using mean scores, while chi-square and t-tests were performed to detect significant differences between groups.

Results: Males aged 17–20 years displayed better knowledge regarding COVID-19 than other groups (t = 2.03, p = 0.049). Most participants recognized the typical symptoms and transmission routes; 93% indicated they viewed social distancing as a crucial preventive measure. Following lockdown, a 1.7-fold increase in the number of participants who believed that mask-wearing was an effective preventive measure was observed; however, 37.2% did not trust this practice. There was a 2.2-fold increase in the number of participants who took part in awareness programs during lockdown. Students’ knowledge increased from 73.2% to 81.5% following the lockdown. Specifically, mean knowledge regarding the role of contaminated tools in disease transmission increased from 33.7% to 75.5%. After lockdown, 58.1% of participants were anxious and afraid of having contact with their colleagues, while 39.5% missed their classes due to anxiety. Two sources of information impacted students’ knowledge following the lockdown: university studies (t = 2.149, p = 0.038) and friends (t = 2.6, p = 0.013).

Conclusions: The findings suggest that IAU preparatory-year students have acceptable knowledge, awareness, and attitudes towards COVID-19 infection. The study reflects the impact of media on improvement in preventive measure uptake. Knowledge of the pandemic may increase if health education programs are designed to target students.
The metaverse and Islamic financial contracts: The case of Ijarah
Authors: Saad Auwal Adam , Rehan Raja , Abukakar Usman Abubakar , Salaudeen Adnan Opeyemi
Published: July 2023

The metaverse is a virtual world that exists alongside the actual world. While the actual world refers to the real, physical world, the metaverse is a digital world that is accessed through technology. Evidently, several international brands have integrated their businesses with the virtual metaverse providing business opportunities. However, there are currently several gaps in the sector of Shariah finance that need to be addressed in order to take full advantage of the potential of the metaverse. For instance, rare studies enlighten the concept of Ijarah, a substitute for conventional leasing in the metaverse virtual world. Undoubtedly, the metaverse has the potential to revolutionize the Shariah finance industry by providing new opportunities for financial inclusion and innovation. Therefore, for the readiness of Islamic finance institutions, this study is an attempt to explore the possibility of executing Shariah principles that could be utilized in the metaverse. More specifically, this study is an endeavor to explore and discuss how Shariah-based leasing i.e., Ijarah integrates with the recent metaverse technologies. Additionally, this study also discusses the metaverse evolution and its integration into international business brands, the metaverse virtual assets ownership, the metaverse virtual leasing, non-fungible tokens (NFTs), and virtual real estate in the metaverse. Indeed, this study is a novel addition to the Shariah finance literature, which helps policymakers to generate new strategies that guide the execution of Ijarah contracts in the virtual universe of the metaverse.
Nanopore sequencing of DNA barcodes succeeds in unveilling the diversity of fungal mock communities
Authors: Pedroso-Roussado Cristiano , Guppy Fergus , Bowler Lucas , Inacio Joao
Published: July 2023

Background: The fungal component of the gut microbiome has been underrepresented in most gut microbiome studies. While metabarcoding approaches have been used to assess the diversity and role of the gut mycobiome, differences in experimental design and downstream analyses may induce bias and differential outcomes. This study assessed the capacity of nanopore sequencing to retrieve the microbial profile and relative abundance of a mock fungal community comprised of Candida glabrata, Meyerozyma guilliermondii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Clavispora lusitaniae and Candida parapsilosis.

Methods: The approach was implemented using the MinION system and involved the analysis of sequencing libraries made from equimolar mixtures of the PCR-amplified nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the target species.

Results: Nanopore sequencing successfully retrieved the composition of the fungal mock community in terms of the different taxa present. However, the approach was unable to correctly assess the expected relative abundances of each species in the same community, showing some yet undetermined bias that may be related to the size of the respective target DNA fragments. Clavispora lusitaniae was consistently overrepresented in the mixtures, while C. glabrata was underrepresented. The remaining three species showed relative abundances more aligned with the expected values of an equimolar mixture.

Conclusions: Although not yielding the expected results for the relative abundances, the values obtained from independent sequencing runs were similar for all species, suggesting a good reliability but questionable accuracy in this sequencing approach.
Single-cell imaging and transcriptomic analyses of firm adhesion between patient-derived cancer and endothelial cells under shear stress
Authors: Cerutti Camilla , Luzi Lucilla , De Michele Giulia , Gambino Valentina , Migliaccio Enrica , Pelicci Pier Giuseppe
Published: July 2023

Adhesion between cancer cells and endothelial cells, lining the blood vessels, is a key event during tumour progression and metastasis formation. However, the analysis of its underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms is largely limited by the intrinsic difficulties to study the interactions between circulating cancer cells and endothelial cells in vivo, and in vitro under conditions that mimic the in vivo blood flow. Here, we developed a method to study cell:cell firm adhesion under shear-stress conditions coupled to high-content live-cell imaging, and single-cell RNAseq analysis. As the model system, we used cancer cells freshly isolated from patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and human primary endothelial cells. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women. Therefore, we set up protocols for breast cancer PDX tumour dissociation, isolation and purification to obtain freshly isolated PDX-derived human cancer single cell suspension. We then implemented an in vitro assay to study cancer to endothelial cells firm adhesion under shear-stress, using an all–human microfluidic model coupled to time-lapse and live-cell imaging. Finally, we developed a method to successfully retrieve, separate and enrich alive endothelial and cancer cells from the flow-based firm adhesion assay. Most notably, we used retrieved cells for single-cell RNAseq analysis and showed that samples quality, number of cells and transcripts per cell were consistent and optimal for downstream discovery analyses. In conclusion, we developed a workflow method that can provide insights into the mechanisms of cancer adhesion to endothelial cells, and identify new targets for personalized treatments development for the clinic to prevent and/or treat breast cancer metastasis formation.
The Behaviour Change Technique Ontology: Transforming the Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy v1
Authors: Marques Marta M. , Wright Alison J. , Corker Elizabeth , Johnston Marie , West Robert , Hastings Janna , Zhang Lisa , Michie Susan
Published: July 2023

Background: The Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy v1 (BCTTv1) specifies the potentially active content of behaviour change interventions. Evaluation of BCTTv1 showed the need to extend it into a formal ontology, improve its labels and definitions, add BCTs and subdivide existing BCTs. We aimed to develop a Behaviour Change Technique Ontology (BCTO) that would meet these needs.

Methods: The BCTO was developed by: (1) collating and synthesising feedback from multiple sources; (2) extracting information from published studies and classification systems; (3) multiple iterations of reviewing and refining entities, and their labels, definitions and relationships; (4) refining the ontology via expert stakeholder review of its comprehensiveness and clarity; (5) testing whether researchers could reliably apply the ontology to identify BCTs in intervention reports; and (6) making it available online and creating a machine-readable version.

Results: Initially there were 282 proposed changes to BCTTv1. Following first-round review, 19 BCTs were split into two or more BCTs, 27 new BCTs were added and 26 BCTs were moved into a different group, giving 161 BCTs hierarchically organised into 12 logically defined higher-level groups in up to five hierarchical levels. Following expert stakeholder review, the refined ontology had 247 BCTs hierarchically organised into 20 higher-level groups. Independent annotations of intervention evaluation reports by researchers familiar and unfamiliar with the ontology resulted in good levels of inter-rater reliability (0.82 and 0.79, respectively). Following revision informed by this exercise, 34 BCTs were added, resulting in a final version of the BCTO containing 281 BCTs organised into 20 higher-level groups over five hierarchical levels.

Discussion: The BCT Ontology provides a standard terminology and comprehensive classification system for the content of behaviour change interventions that can be reliably used to describe interventions.
Evagrius Ponticus’ Rejection of a Magical Understanding of Grace
Authors: Vázquez Santiago Hernán , Gargiulo María Teresa
Published: July 2023

In recent years, a growing number of studies have presented—in one way or another—various psychotherapeutic projections of a set of spiritual practices of early Christian monasticism. In an attempt to establish a dialogue between the doctrines of Late Antiquity and contemporary psychotherapy, it could be risky to extrapolate anachronistic terms, questions and discussions that are foreign to the original context of the Early Church Fathers. In order to overcome this difficulty, we will try to elucidate Evagrius Ponticus’ model of psychospiritual integration through his particular understanding of the effective relations between grace and nature. This will possibly allow us to translate and understand the current interest in his psycho-spiritual model in the same terms as those in which it was formulated by Evagrius. In his effort to think about how the process of complete healing of man takes place, Evagrius takes up intuitions and ideas from the Hippocratic and Platonic traditions. These traditions disapprove of magic as an act of impiety towards the divine order inscribed in the θύσις. Evagrius follows this fundamental intuition of rejection of magic and sorcery to integrate it into a new Christian synthesis that strives to move away from a magical understanding of the action of grace. Now, as Evagrius moves away from a magical conception of grace, certain theoretical-practical knowledge related to mental and spiritual health can be found in his writings. Evagrius is particularly interested in specifying how grace operates in the cognitive-emotional dynamics that intervene in the healing processes of the soul without contradicting or magically suspending the immanent laws of the θύσις.
Demystifying the Relationship Between Confidence and Critical Thinking in Mathematics among Preservice Teachers in West Philippines
Authors: Pentang Jupeth T. , Caubang Mary Glory M. , Tidalgo Aira May L. , Morizo Sairey B. , Bautista Ronalyn M. , Viernes Mark Donnel D. , Jr. Manuel L. Bucad , Sercenia Janina C.
Published: July 2023

Mathematical confidence and critical thinking are essential in preparing preservice teachers. Thus, this study explored the perceived confidence and critical thinking levels in mathematics of elementary and secondary preservice teachers. A descriptive-correlational-comparative research design was employed, with a sample of 107 randomly selected preservice teachers enrolled in the Bachelor in Elementary and Secondary Education programs of a state university in West Philippines. The study used arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Spearman’s rank-order correlation, and independent samples t-test to analyze and draw conclusions from the data. The findings revealed that the preservice teachers have high confidence and critical thinking skills. Their program significantly correlates with their perceived critical thinking and confidence level. Besides, the preservice teachers’ confidence levels and perceived critical thinking skills significantly correlate. Further analysis found significant confidence and critical thinking differences favoring the secondary over the elementary preservice teachers. These findings provide insights that would benefit mathematics educators in providing priority programs to enhance the preparation of future math teachers.
Development of Waves Critical Thinking Test: Physics Essay Test for High School Student
Authors: Rusilowati Ani , Negoro Ridho Adi , Aji Mahardika Prasetya , Subali Bambang
Published: July 2023

This study aims to produce a product to evaluate students' critical thinking skills that departs from physics content where students often have misconceptions. This research is a development research with research stages covering a) research and review literature; (b) planning chapter objectives; (c) developing a preliminary form; (d) field-testing the preliminary form; (e) Revise the preliminary form; (f) conducting a main field-test. The Waves Critical Thinking (WCT) test developed consists of 7 questions with 15 specific domains. Total percentage of content validity test was obtained 87.98% with appropriate criteria and based on the construct validity WCT test, the Goodness of Fit criteria were obtained which were classified as fit. The test instrument being tested consists of 15 objective items. The reliability of WCT test results 0.597 as a Cronbach's alpha score with the medium category and all the components have a good level of composite reliability. The outcome of the study was the WCT test with a valid state for measuring students' CT in a specific domain of physics wave material.
The Satisfaction of Online Learning on Dentistry Students during COVID-19: The Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University
Authors:   Department of General Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Thailand, Komchornrit Aurasri , Theerautthavate Benyada ,   Department of General Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Thailand, Yoonisil Waiyawut ,   Curriculum Research and Development, Graduate School, Srinakharinwirot University, Thailand, Limtrakool Suchintana ,   The Dental Student of Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Thailand, Buntoonprayuk Chanunchida ,   The Dental Student of Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Thailand, Likanananda Aphitchaya ,   The Dental Student of Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Thailand, Tangtrakoolpong Supitcha ,   The Dental Student of Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Thailand
Published: July 2023

Objectives: To assess the level of satisfaction with online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic among dental students and lecturers at the Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Thailand. Methods: A cross-sectional study based on an e-questionnaire (Google Forms®) distributed to dental students (n=427) and lecturers (n=67) from September to November 2022. Demographic data, experience and satisfaction with online learning were surveyed. Cronbach's alpha was calculated using the validity test of the questionnaire. Statistical analysis was descriptive and a t-test and ANOVA were performed (SPSS, p<0.05). Results: The response rate was 53.43%. There was a statistically significant difference in the level of satisfaction with online learning during COVID-19 between students and lecturers (p<0.01). There was a statistically significant difference in satisfaction scores for the interactive aspects of online learning (p<0.01). Satisfaction scores of postgraduate students tended to be the highest of all groups while the lecturer’s scores showed the least satisfaction. Perceptions of the advantages of online learning were at a good level in all groups. Conclusions: Online learning was beneficial for learning continuity during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly as a replacement for in-person lectures. The causes of dissatisfaction among lecturers should be further studied.
Pre-training Two BERT-Like Models for Moroccan Dialect: MorRoBERTa and MorrBERT
Authors: Moussaoui Otman , El Younnoussi Yacine
Published: July 2023

This research article presents a comprehensive study on the pre-training of two language models, MorRoBERTa and MorrBERT, for the Moroccan Dialect, using the Masked Language Modeling (MLM) pre-training approach. The study details the various data collection and pre-processing steps involved in building a large corpus of over six million sentences and 71 billion tokens, sourced from social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube. The pre-training process was carried out using the HuggingFace Transformers API, and the paper elaborates on the configurations and training methodologies of the models. The study concludes by demonstrating the high accuracy rates achieved by both MorRoBERTa and MorrBERT in multiple downstream tasks, indicating their potential effectiveness in natural language processing applications specific to the Moroccan Dialect.
The Routh Hurwitz Criteria for Studying The Stability and Bifurcation in Multispiral Chua Chaotic Attractor
Authors: Belouerghi Maika , Menacer Tidjani , Lozi René
Published: July 2023

This article discusses the multispiral Chua Chaotic attractor’s hidden bifurcations that are generated by the sine function. The number of spirals (also known as a multiscroll attractor) that are controlled by the integer parameter c can be used to describe the basic shape of chaotic attractors. Since this parameter is an integer, increasing it by one does not allow the observation of bifurcations from n to n + 2 spirals. The method of hidden bifurcations, however, enables the observation of such bifurcations by adding a real parameter ε. Chaotic attractors with either an even or an odd number of spirals are visible along the marked paths of bifurcation. Moreover, this additional hidden parameter allows finding the bifurcation of the multispiral Chua attractor from a stable state to a chaotic state. Furthermore, the Routh-Hurwitz criteria are used to study the stability of the original equilibrium point of the Chua attractor.
Trauma, familia y educación
Authors: Rodríguez Mª Dolores
Published: July 2023

En este artículo quisiera compartir mi experiencia en la práctica diaria llevada a cabo desde la consulta privada, en relación al impacto que puede tener en las familias y en especial en los niños y niñas ciertos eventos que pueden ocurrir en la vida cotidiana. El objetivo no es abordar procesos traumáticos graves, pero sí situaciones o eventos que pueden producir sufrimiento y dolor que requerirán igualmente de un buen acompañamiento e intervención para minimizar el riesgo de que puedan derivar en futuros traumas que comprometan el desarrollo saludable de los niños, niñas y adolescentes. Pero antes abordaré el concepto de trauma y las consecuencias de sufrirlo en edades tempranas y de cómo el contexto familiar y escolar, pueden erigirse como potentes antídotos que favorezcan y colaboren en el alivio de sufrimientos inevitables y prevengan traumas infantiles evitables. Para ello, deberán poder ofrecer cuidados basados en los buenos tratos, el afecto, el respeto, el compromiso y la empatía.  Padres y madres que dispongan de las competencias parentales y marentales suficientes, para que puedan ofrecer un cuidado de calidad, y  fomentar en la interacción con sus hijos e hijas  procesos de resiliencia primaria. Y escuelas sensibles al sufrimiento infantil, que con sus buenas prácticas creen sólidos lazos afectivos con sus alumnos, pudiendo llegar a convertirse en  maravillosos tutores de resiliencia secundaria. Una magnifico tandem formado por familia, escuela, que lograrán ascender pronunciadas pendientes, si no se olvidan de la importancia de pedalear juntos.

     La “espina dorsal” sobre el que se asienta tanto  el “cuerpo” del artículo como el “alma” de mi práctica profesional es el Paradigma de los Buenos Tratos y el Modelo de la Traumaterapia Infanto-juvenil Sistémica cuyos creadores son Jorge Barudy  y Maryorie Dantagnan.
Consecuencias del maltrato para el neurodesarrollo y su impacto en la vida adulta
Authors: Benito Moraga Rafael
Published: July 2023

El bebé nace con un sistema nervioso por hacer; pero con un dispositivo básico cuya finalidad es vincularse al adulto encargado de cuidarlo, y aprovechar la interacción con él para ir integrando su  funcionamiento, de modo que todos sus componentes participen cuando conviene, según las demandas del entorno, regulando el ánimo, la conducta y la actividad de los sistemas corporales de un modo que garantice una buena adaptación y un estado saludable.  La proliferación de las prolongaciones neuronales que construirá las redes que hacen funcionar el cerebro se produce de un modo automático, gracias a un programa genético; pero la poda de esas conexiones, destinada a incrementar su eficiencia, no es algo tan espontáneo; depende mucho más de las experiencias ambientales, entre las que tienen una importancia capital las relaciones interpersonales. Cuando las interacciones con los demás proporcionan experiencias de seguridad y unos estados emocionales regulados, las redes neurales van adquiriendo un funcionamiento integrado, en el que cada área y núcleo cerebral contribuye al mantenimiento de un estado físico y psíquico saludable. Por el contrario, cuando los niños y niñas viven experiencias de abandono o negligencia, o bien sufren interacciones marcadas por el abuso emocional, físico o sexual, se producen alteraciones del neurodesarrollo que reducirán las posibilidades de que el sistema nervioso logre un funcionamiento integrado. Todas las formas de maltrato hacen que algunas áreas del cerebro no logren completar su desarrollo, o pierdan capacidad para conectarse con el resto; mientras que otras  aumentan tanto su protagonismo y sus conexiones, que tienden a dominar la actividad neural haciendo que gobiernen el funcionamiento mental.  El maltrato y la negligencia producen de este modo  problemas para mantener un funcionamiento integrado del sistema nervioso; y esta falta de integración acabará perjudicando de por vida la salud mental y física de quien los ha sufrido.
Optimal uniform guide star catalog using a genetic algorithm
Authors: Somayehee Farshad , Ebrahimi Masoud , Nikkhah Amir Ali , Roshanian Jafar
Published: July 2023

To achieve optimal and reliable star sensors and overcome some onboard hardware and software limitations, this study aimed to make an optimal uniform guide star catalog. For this purpose, the objective function was defined by the field of view (FOV) and magnitude threshold, and then design variables were optimized. The optimal uniform guide star catalog was obtained by a genetic algorithm alongside the Latinized stratified sampling method and by a novel, to the best of our knowledge, spherical density determination algorithm based on the minimum number of stars required for a star identification algorithm. Finally, Monte Carlo simulation was used to validate the results, which indicate a dramatic improvement, including a reduction in the number of stars in the uniform catalog and an increase in the probability of observing the minimum required stars for the star identification algorithm (at least 5 stars) in 98.34% of all possible optimal FOVs (about 12°).
Extended autofocusing in dual-wavelength digital holography
Authors: Hou Sibing , Zhang Haiyu , Ma Bole , Cai Ping , Zu Peng , Lei Lihua , Fu Yunxia , Yan Hao
Published: July 2023

In single-wavelength digital holography (DH), the phase wrapping phenomenon limits the total object depth that can be measured due to the requirement for well-resolved phase fringes. To address this limitation, dual-wavelength DH is proposed, enabling measurement of much deeper objects. In single-wavelength DH, because the object depth is limited, the depth of focus (DOF) of DH’s optical system at a reconstruction distance is sufficient to cover the object depth. To date, many autofocusing algorithms have been proposed to obtain a correct reconstruction distance. However, in dual-wavelength DH, because the object depth is extended, the DOF at a reconstruction distance cannot cover the extended object depth. The extended object depth can span multiple DOFs, causing partially out of focus object depth. Therefore, in dual-wavelength DH, relying solely on autofocusing algorithms for a single distance is insufficient. But extended autofocusing algorithms, which can autofocus objects through multiple DOFs, are demanded. However, there are no such extended autofocusing algorithms in dual-wavelength DH. Therefore, we propose an extended autofocusing algorithm for dual-wavelength DH based on a correlation coefficient. The proposed algorithm is able to focus the whole object depth when the depth spans multiple DOFs. Through theoretical analysis, simulations, and experiments, the necessity and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm are verified.
Terahertz 3D point cloud imaging for complex targets
Authors: Wang Ningbo , Qi Feng
Published: July 2023

The reconstruction of complex targets using terahertz technology is often hindered by diffraction and interference of electromagnetic waves, leading to the loss of fine target details. In this research article, we have introduced a terahertz synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging method that integrates an iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm, referred to as SAR-ICP, to achieve accurate reconstruction of intricate target structures. To accomplish this, multiple sets of point cloud data are acquired by varying the illumination viewpoint. The ICP algorithm is then employed to align and fuse these datasets, resulting in the generation of high-quality three-dimensional (3D) images. The experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed SAR-ICP method. The information entropy of the reconstructed 3D image using the SAR-ICP is approximately 0.05 times that of the conventional SAR method, indicating a superior image quality. In the future, we anticipate the widespread application of this method in areas such as security inspection, non-destructive testing, and other complex scenarios.
Deep learning self-image update procedure in a wavefront sensor based on the Talbot phenomenon under Gaussian illumination
Authors: Kotov Myhailo , Goloborodko Andrii
Published: July 2023

A feature-based image update procedure using machine learning is proposed to use in preprocessing of self-images in a Talbot wavefront sensor. A variant of the recurrent neural network with backpropagation, which is one of most widely applied machine learning tools, is utilized to stabilize intensity distribution in self-images in the case of an optical beam with a Gaussian profile. Once well trained, the neural network can decrease pit image shifts caused by beam intensity distribution in the case of a cosine-like grating. It is shown that based on the proposed recurrent neural network, it is possible to decrease the shift error caused by the Gaussian beam up to nine times depending on the aberration order and value. Despite the decreasing shift error, the value of the error of the restored aberration coefficient does not decrease significantly because of the feature-vector extraction method. It is shown additionally that due to the spatial spectrum wideness, the proposed self-image procedure is not applicable to binary gratings on the example of binary gratings with square pits. Adequate simulations are implemented to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed approach.
Spatial intensity correlations of transmitted intensity patterns emerging from large particles
Authors: Ren Mingyuan , Zhang Huajun , Yao Wenkai , Zhou Ning , Gong Jianrui , Zhang Yu
Published: July 2023

Propagation of a coherent light beam through a random medium generates speckle patterns, in which some information of media and object is hidden. Speckles produced by particles smaller than wavelength are studied thoroughly, yet it is also essential to investigate speckles produced by larger particles. In this paper, the spatial intensity correlations of transmitted speckle patterns generated by large particles are studied theoretically and experimentally. A semi-empirical expression of spatial intensity correlation function of speckle patterns is derived based on Bethe-Salpeter equation, taking particle size and concentration into account. After performing experiments with various particle sizes and concentrations, we fit the theoretical expression to experimental results and determine the introduced parameters. We analyze the variation of spatial intensity correlation function with particle size and concentration. Theoretical analyses and experimental results given in this paper have potential applications in coherent imaging through random and disordered media.