bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Causal associations of plasma proteins with lung squamous cell carcinoma risk: a proteome-wide Mendelian randomization and colocalization analysis
Authors: Wang Qing , Xue Xiaofei , Ling Xinyu , Lang Yukuan , Wang Suyu , Liu Gang
Published: August 2024

Background

Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is a major subtype of non-small cell lung cancer with a high mortality rate. Identifying causal plasma proteins associated with LUSC could provide new insights into the pathophysiology of the disease and potential therapeutic targets. This study aimed to identify plasma proteins causally linked to LUSC risk using proteome-wide Mendelian randomization (MR) and colocalization analyses.

Methods

Proteome-wide MR analysis was conducted using data from the UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project and deCODE genetics. Summary-level data for LUSC were obtained from the ILCCO Consortium, the FinnGen study, and a separate GWAS study. A total of 1,046 shared protein quantitative trait loci (pQTLs) were analyzed. Sensitivity analyses included the HEIDI test for horizontal pleiotropy and colocalization analysis to validate the causal associations.

Results

MR analysis identified six plasma proteins associated with LUSC risk: HSPA1L, PCSK7, POLI, SPINK2, TCL1A, and VARS. HSPA1L (OR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.34–0.65; P = 4.89 × 10–6), SPINK2 (OR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.58–0.80; P = 3.17 × 10–6), and VARS (OR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.31–0.63; P = 5.94 × 10–6) were associated with a decreased risk of LUSC. Conversely, PCSK7 (OR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.21–1.56; P = 1.40 × 10–6), POLI (OR = 4.50; 95% CI: 2.25–9.00; P = 2.13 × 10–5), and TCL1A (OR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.34–2.21; P = 1.89 × 10–5) were associated with an increased risk. The SMR analysis and HEIDI test confirmed the robustness of these associations. HSPA1L, SPINK2, and VARS showed significant inverse associations, with strong colocalization evidence for TCL1A (PPH4 = 0.817).

Conclusions

This study identified six plasma proteins potentially causal for LUSC risk. HSPA1L, SPINK2, and VARS are associated with decreased risk, while PCSK7, POLI, and TCL1A are linked to increased risk. These findings provide new insights into LUSC pathogenesis and highlight potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
Scientific value and utility of geo(morpho)sites, with a case of the El-Medallat hills in Egypt
Authors: Ruban Dmitry A. , Sallam Emad S.
Published: August 2024

Geological and geomorphological heritage (geoheritage) has many aspects, some of which are yet to be fully understood. Particularly, a scientific value of geo(morpho)sites is defined differently and established with not fully satisfying approaches. The attention to the El-Medallat hills, which are a group of small inselbergs in the southern Western Desert of Egypt, required the development of a new approach to focus on a scientific utility. The latter is not equated to the total value of geo(morpho)sites and their scientific value. The El-Medallat hills are put into the context of the international research in inselbergs. The relevant journal articles were collected, and the information from them was extracted to understand the relation of the El-Medallat hills to geographical and lithological foci of the international research in inselbergs. It is established that inselbergs were rarely reported from the Saharan domain of Africa, and sandstone inselbergs were studied much less intensively than granite ones. These lines of evidence imply the relatively high scientific utility of the El-Medallat geomorphosite due to its location in the Saharan domain of Africa and sandstone composition. The proposed approach is distinguished by an emphasis on research potential of geo(morpho)sites in the light of the international research experience.
Treatment of CACNA1A Encephalopathy and Cerebral Edema with Magnesium and Dexamethasone
Authors: Turner Cailey , Campbell Lauren , Fung Ryan , Desai Srirupa , Oyenubi Abimbola , Cayabyab Francisco , Huntsman Richard James
Published: August 2024

Pathogenic CACNA1A mutations can result in paroxysmal attacks of encephalopathy, hemiplegia and cerebral edema. We report two patients with CACNA1A-associated encephalopathy, hemiplegia and contralateral hemispheric cerebral edema treated successfully with intravenous magnesium sulfate and dexamethasone. One patient met the clinical criteria for familial hemiplegic migraine. There is a paucity of guidance in the literature on how to manage these patients. Despite some discrepancies in the treatment protocols in our two cases, they indicate that magnesium and dexamethasone could be part of the treatment algorithm for these patients. Further research to delineate appropriate dosing and duration of therapy is needed.
Unveiling the Mechanisms of the 1819 M 7.7 Kachchh Earthquake, India: Integrating Physics‐Based Simulation and Strong Ground Motion Estimates
Authors: Sunilkumar T. C. , Zhang Zhenguo , Wang Zijia , Wang Wenqiang , He Zhongqiu
Published: August 2024

This study provided a comprehensive understanding of the source process of the 1819 M 7.7 Kachchh Indian earthquake using physics‐based dynamic rupture modeling and strong ground motion simulations. We successfully simulated the spontaneous dynamic rupture along a curved non‐planar fault using the 3‐D curved‐grid finite‐difference method (CGFDM). The estimated earthquake magnitude is around 7.6, consistent with previous estimations. Our simulations accurately replicated macroscopic rupture patterns and surface deformation, showing agreement with observed data along the Allah Bund fault (ABF) with a maximum displacement ∼5.5 m at the Earth's surface. The maximum modeled coseismic slip on the fault was approximately 7.5 m. Notably, the ABF exhibited characteristics of a weak barrier (leaky barrier) at the bending part, allowing the rupture to propagate further. Despite limitations in surface deformation calculations, the modeled values aligned with the trend of surface fault slip, with a slight deviation in the epicenter toward the east compared to earlier studies. We observed a homogeneous principal stress oriented N25°E, consistent with the present day Indian plate motion. The estimated horizontal peak ground velocities (PGVh) and the maximum value of Intensity X+ aligns well with observations. Furthermore, conducting thorough case studies on significant earthquakes and potential seismic scenarios in stable continental regions is crucial. Such studies play a vital role in validating and improving dynamic rupture models. When combined with statistical methods, this research holds great promise for advancing seismic hazard assessments, earthquake engineering, and strategies for disaster management.
Chronology of Sedimentation and Landscape Evolution in the Okavango Rift Zone, a Developing Young Rift in Southern Africa
Authors: Vainer S. , Schmidt C. , Garzanti E. , Ben Dor Y. , Pastore G. , Mokatse T. , Prud'homme C. , Leanni L. , King G. ,   ASTER Team, Verrecchia E. P.
Published: August 2024

The Kalahari Basin in southern Africa, shaped by subsidence and epeirogeny, features the Okavango Rift Zone (ORZ) as a significant structural element characterized by diffused extensional deformation forming a prominent depocenter. This study elucidates the Pleistocene landscape evolution of the ORZ by examining the chronology of sediment formation and filling this incipient rift and its surroundings. Modeling of cosmogenic nuclide concentrations in surficial eolian sand from distinct structural blocks around the ORZ provides insights into sand's residence time on the surface. Sand formation occurred from ∼2.2 to 1.1 Ma, coinciding with regional tectonic events. Notably, provenance analyses of sand within ORZ's lowermost block where large alluvial fans are found indicate different source rocks and depositional environments than those of the eolian sands found at a higher elevation. This suggests that the major phase of rift subsidence and the following incision of alluvial systems into the rift occurred after eolian dune formation. Luminescence dating reveals that deposition in alluvial fan settings in the incised landscape began not later than ∼250 ka, and that a lacustrine environment existed since at least ∼140 ka. The established chronological framework constrains the geomorphological effects of the different tectono‐climatic forces that shaped this nascent rifting area. It highlights two pronounced stages of landscape development, with the most recent major deformation event in the evolving rift probably occurring during the middle Pleistocene transition (1.2–0.75 Ma). This event is reflected as a striking change in the depositional environments due to the configurational changes accompanying rift progression.
Frequency Bias Causes Overestimation of Climate Change Impacts on Global Flood Occurrence
Authors: Zhao Fang , Lange Stefan , Goswami Bedartha , Frieler Katja
Published: August 2024

The frequency change of 100‐year flood events is often determined by fitting extreme value distributions to annual maximum discharge from a historical base period. This study demonstrates that this approach may significantly bias the computed flood frequency change. An idealized experiment shows frequency bias exceeding 100% for a 50‐year base period. Further analyses using Monte Carlo simulations, mathematical derivations, and hydrological model outputs reveal that bias magnitude inversely relates to base period length and is weakly influenced by the generalized extreme value distribution's shape parameter. The bias, persisting across different estimation methods, implies floods may exceed local defenses designed based on short historical records more often than expected, even without climate change. We introduce a frequency bias adjustment method, which significantly reduces the projected rise in global flood occurrence. This suggests a substantial part of the earlier projected increase in flood occurrence and impacts is not attributable to climate change.
Forest‐Wide Growth Rates Stabilize After Experiencing Accelerated Temperature Changes Near an Alaskan Glacier
Authors: Gaglioti B. V. , Mann D. H. , Wiles G. C. , Andreu‐Hayles L. , Hansen W. D. , Wiesenberg N.
Published: August 2024

How forests respond to accelerated climate change will affect the terrestrial carbon cycle. To better understand these responses, more examples are needed to assess how tree growth rates react to abrupt changes in growing‐season temperatures. Here we use a natural experiment in which a glacier's fluctuations exposed a temperate rainforest to changes in summer temperatures of similar magnitude to those predicted to occur by 2050. We hypothesized that the onset of glacier‐accentuated temperature trends would act to increase the variance in stand‐level tree growth rates, a proxy for forest net primary productivity. Instead, dendrochronological records reveal that the growth rates of five, co‐occurring conifer species became less synchronous, and this diversification of species responses acted to reduce the variance and to increase the stability of community‐wide growth rates. These results warrant further inquiry into how climate‐induced changes in tree‐growth diversity may help stabilize future ecosystem services like forest carbon storage.
Large‐Scale Atomistic Simulations of Magnesium Oxide Exsolution Driven by Machine Learning Potentials: Implications for the Early Geodynamo
Authors: Deng Jie
Published: August 2024

The precipitation of magnesium oxide (MgO) from the Earth's core has been proposed as a potential energy source to power the geodynamo prior to the inner core solidification. Yet, the stable phase and exact amount of MgO exsolution remain elusive. Here we utilize an iterative learning scheme to develop a unified deep learning interatomic potential for the Mg‐Fe‐O system valid over a wide pressure‐temperature range. This potential enables direct, large‐scale simulations of MgO exsolution processes at the Earth's core‐mantle boundary. Our results suggest that Mg exsolve in the form of crystalline Fe‐poor ferropericlase as opposed to a liquid MgO component presumed previously. The solubility of Mg in the core is limited, and the present‐day core is nearly Mg‐free. The resulting exsolution rate is small yet nonnegligible, suggesting that MgO exsolution may provide a potentially important energy source, although it alone may be difficult to drive an early geodynamo.
Detecting Vegetation Stress in Mixed Forest Ecosystems Through the Joint Use of Tree‐Water Monitoring and Land Surface Modeling
Authors: Jiménez‐Rodríguez C. D. , Fabiani G. , Schoppach R. , Mallick K. , Schymanski S. J. , Sulis M.
Published: August 2024

Recent European heatwaves have significantly impacted forest ecosystems, leading to increased plant water stress. Advances in land surface models aim to improve the representation of vegetation drought responses by incorporating plant hydraulics into the plant functional type (PFT) classification system. However, reliance on PFTs may inadequately capture the diverse plant hydraulic traits (PHTs), potentially biasing transpiration and vegetation water stress representations. The detection of vegetation drought stress is further complicated by the mixing of different tree species and forest patches. This study uses the Community Land Model version 5.0 to simulate an experimental mixed‐forest catchment with configurations representing standalone, patched mixed, and fully‐mixed forests. Biome‐generic, PFT‐specific, or species‐specific PHTs are employed. Results emphasize the crucial role of accurately representing mixed forests in reproducing observed vegetation water stress and transpiration fluxes for both broadleaf and needleleaf tree species. The dominant vegetation fraction is a key determinant, influencing aggregated vegetation response patterns. Segregation level in PHT parameterizations shapes differences between observed and simulated transpiration fluxes. Simulated root water potential emerges as a potential metric for detecting vegetation stress periods. However, the model's plant hydraulic system has limitations in reproducing the long‐term effects of extreme weather events on needleleaf tree species. These findings highlight the complexity of modeling mixed forests and underscore the need for improved representation of plant diversity in land surface models to enhance the understanding of vegetation water stress under changing climate conditions.
Single 5-nm quantum dot detection via microtoroid optical resonator photothermal microscopy
Authors: Hao Shuang , Suebka Sartanee , Su Judith
Published: August 2024

Label-free detection techniques for single particles and molecules play an important role in basic science, disease diagnostics, and nanomaterial investigations. While fluorescence-based methods are tools for single molecule detection and imaging, they are limited by available molecular probes and photoblinking and photobleaching. Photothermal microscopy has emerged as a label-free imaging technique capable of detecting individual nanoabsorbers with high sensitivity. Whispering gallery mode (WGM) microresonators can confine light in a small volume for enhanced light-matter interaction and thus are a promising ultra-sensitive photothermal microscopy platform. Previously, microtoroid optical resonators were combined with photothermal microscopy to detect 250 nm long gold nanorods and 100 nm long polymers. Here, we combine microtoroids with photothermal microscopy to spatially detect single 5 nm diameter quantum dots (QDs) with a signal-to-noise ratio exceeding 104. Photothermal images were generated by point-by-point scanning of the pump laser. Single particle detection was confirmed for 18 nm QDs by high sensitivity fluorescence imaging and for 5 nm QDs via comparison with theory. Our system demonstrates the capability to detect a minimum heat dissipation of 0.75 pW. To achieve this, we integrated our microtoroid based photothermal microscopy setup with a low amplitude modulated pump laser and utilized the proportional-integral-derivative controller output as the photothermal signal source to reduce noise and enhance signal stability. The heat dissipation of these QDs is below that from single dye molecules. We anticipate that our work will have application in a wide variety of fields, including the biological sciences, nanotechnology, materials science, chemistry, and medicine.
SIRPα engagement regulates ILC2 effector function and alleviates airway hyperreactivity via modulating energy metabolism
Authors: Sakano Yoshihiro , Sakano Kei , Hurrell Benjamin P. , Shafiei-Jahani Pedram , Kazemi Mohammad Hossein , Li Xin , Shen Stephen , Barbers Richard , Akbari Omid
Published: August 2024

Group-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are part of a growing family of innate lymphocytes known for their crucial role in both the development and exacerbation of allergic asthma. The activation and function of ILC2s are regulated by various activating and inhibitory molecules, with their balance determining the severity of allergic responses. In this study, we aim to elucidate the critical role of the suppressor molecule signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα), which interacts with CD47, in controlling ILC2-mediated airway hyperreactivity (AHR). Our data indicate that activated ILC2s upregulate the expression of SIRPα, and the interaction between SIRPα and CD47 effectively suppresses both ILC2 proliferation and effector function. To evaluate the function of SIRPα in ILC2-mediated AHR, we combined multiple approaches including genetically modified mouse models and adoptive transfer experiments in murine models of allergen-induced AHR. Our findings suggest that the absence of SIRPα leads to the overactivation of ILC2s. Conversely, engagement of SIRPα with CD47 reduces ILC2 cytokine production and effectively regulates ILC2-dependent AHR. Furthermore, the SIRPα-CD47 axis modulates mitochondrial metabolism through the JAK/STAT and ERK/MAPK signaling pathways, thereby regulating NF-κB activity and the production of type 2 cytokines. Additionally, our studies have revealed that SIRPα is inducible and expressed on human ILC2s, and administration of human CD47-Fc effectively suppresses the effector function and cytokine production. Moreover, administering human CD47-Fc to humanized ILC2 mice effectively alleviates AHR and lung inflammation. These findings highlight the promising therapeutic potential of targeting the SIRPα-CD47 axis in the treatment of ILC2-dependent allergic asthma.
How urban form impacts flooding
Authors: Balaian Sarah K. , Sanders Brett F. , Abdolhosseini Qomi Mohammad Javad
Published: August 2024

Urbanization and climate change are contributing to severe flooding globally, damaging infrastructure, disrupting economies, and undermining human well-being. Approaches to make cities more resilient to floods are emerging, notably with the design of flood-resilient structures, but relatively little is known about the role of urban form and its complexity in the concentration of flooding. We leverage statistical mechanics to reduce the complexity of urban flooding and develop a mean-flow theory that relates flood hazards to urban form characterized by the ground slope, urban porosity, and the Mermin order parameter which measures symmetry in building arrangements. The mean-flow theory presents a dimensionless flood depth that scales linearly with the urban porosity and the order parameter, with different scaling for disordered square- and hexagon-like forms. A universal scaling is obtained by introducing an effective mean chord length representative of the unobstructed downslope travel distance for flood water, yielding an analytical model for neighborhood-scale flood hazards globally. The proposed mean-flow theory is applied to probe city-to-city variations in flood hazards, and shows promising results linking recorded flood losses to urban form and observed rainfall extremes.
Spin-Peierls instability of the U(1) Dirac spin liquid
Authors: Seifert Urban F. P. , Willsher Josef , Drescher Markus , Pollmann Frank , Knolle Johannes
Published: August 2024

Quantum fluctuations can inhibit long-range ordering in frustrated magnets and potentially lead to quantum spin liquid (QSL) phases. A prime example are gapless QSLs with emergent U(1) gauge fields, which have been understood to be described in terms of quantum electrodynamics in 2+1 dimension (QED3). Despite several promising candidate materials, however, a complicating factor for their realisation is the presence of other degrees of freedom. In particular lattice distortions can act to relieve magnetic frustration, precipitating conventionally ordered states. In this work, we use field-theoretic arguments as well as extensive numerical simulations to show that the U(1) Dirac QSL on the triangular and kagome lattices exhibits a weak-coupling instability due to the coupling of monopoles of the emergent gauge field to lattice distortions, leading to valence-bond solid ordering. This generalises the spin-Peierls instability of one-dimensional quantum critical spin chains to two-dimensional algebraic QSLs. We study static distortions as well as quantum-mechanical phonons. Even in regimes where the QSL is stable, the singular spin-lattice coupling leads to marked temperature-dependent corrections to the phonon spectrum, which provide salient experimental signatures of spin fractionalisation. We discuss the coupling of QSLs to the lattice as a general tool for their discovery and characterisation.
Automatic rehabilitation exercise task assessment of stroke patients based on wearable sensors with a lightweight multichannel 1D-CNN model
Authors: Wang Jiping , Li Chengqi , Zhang Bochao , Zhang Yunpeng , Shi Lei , Wang Xiaojun , Zhou Linfu , Xiong Daxi
Published: August 2024

Approximately 75% of stroke survivors have movement dysfunction. Rehabilitation exercises are capable of improving physical coordination. They are mostly conducted in the home environment without guidance from therapists. It is impossible to provide timely feedback on exercises without suitable devices or therapists. Human action quality assessment in the home setting is a challenging topic for current research. In this paper, a low-cost HREA system in which wearable sensors are used to collect upper limb exercise data and a multichannel 1D-CNN framework is used to automatically assess action quality. The proposed 1D-CNN model is first pretrained on the UCI-HAR dataset, and it achieves a performance of 91.96%. Then, five typical actions were selected from the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale for the experiment, wearable sensors were used to collect the participants’ exercise data, and experienced therapists were employed to assess participants’ exercise at the same time. Following the above process, a dataset was built based on the Fugl-Meyer scale. Based on the 1D-CNN model, a multichannel 1D-CNN model was built, and the model using the Naive Bayes fusion had the best performance (precision: 97.26%, recall: 97.22%, F1-score: 97.23%) on the dataset. This shows that the HREA system provides accurate and timely assessment, which can provide real-time feedback for stroke survivors’ home rehabilitation.
Quality by design approach of apocynin loaded clove oil based nanostructured lipid carrier as a prophylactic regimen in hemorrhagic cystitis in vitro and in vivo comprehensive study
Authors: Maghrabia Amir Elsayed , Boughdady Mariza Fouad , Khater Sherry Mohamed , ِِAbu Hashim Irhan Ibrahim , Meshali Mahasen Mohammed
Published: August 2024

Apocynin (APO) is a naturally occurring acetophenone with eminent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant peculiarities. It suffers from poor bioavailability due to low aqueous solubility. Herein, APO was loaded in a Clove oil (CO) based Nanostructured lipid carrier (NSLC) system using a simple method (ultrasonic emulsification) guided by a quality-by-design approach (23 full factorial design) to optimize the formulated NSLCs. The prepared NSLCs were evaluated regarding particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), and entrapment efficiency (EE%). The optimal formula (F2) was extensively investigated through transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), in vitro release, and stability studies. Cytotoxicity against human urinary bladder carcinoma (T24) cell line and in vivo activity studies in rats with induced cystitis were also assessed. The results disclosed that the optimal formula (F2) had PS of 214.8 ± 5.8 nm with EE% of 79.3 ± 0.9%. F2 also exhibited a strong cytotoxic effect toward the T24 cancer cells expressed by IC50 value of 5.8 ± 1.3 µg/mL. Pretreatment with the optimal formula (orally) hinted uroprotective effect against cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) in rat models, emphasized by histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical investigations. In consideration of the simple fabrication process, APO-loaded CO-based NSLCs can hold prospective potential in the prophylaxis of oncologic and urologic diseases.
Fabric soft pneumatic actuators with programmable turing pattern textures
Authors: Tanaka Masato , Song Yuyang , Nomura Tsuyoshi
Published: August 2024

This paper presents a novel computational design and fabrication method for fabric-based soft pneumatic actuators (FSPAs) that use Turing patterns, inspired by Alan Turing’s morphogenesis theory. These inflatable structures can adapt their shapes with simple pressure changes and are applicable in areas like soft robotics, airbags, and temporary shelters. Traditionally, the design of such structures relies on isotropic materials and the designer’s expertise, often requiring a trial-and-error approach. The present study introduces a method to automate this process using advanced numerical optimization to design and manufacture fabric-based inflatable structures with programmable shape-morphing capabilities. Initially, an optimized distribution of the material orientation field on the surface membrane is achieved through gradient-based orientation optimization. This involves a comprehensive physical deployment simulation using the nonlinear shell finite element method, which is integrated into the inner loop of the optimization algorithm. This continuous adjustment of material orientations enhances the design objectives. These material orientation fields are transformed into discretized texture patterns that replicate the same anisotropic deformations. Anisotropic reaction-diffusion equations, using diffusion coefficients determined by local orientations from the optimization step, are then utilized to create space-filling Turing pattern textures. Furthermore, the fabrication methods of these optimized Turing pattern textures are explored using fabrics through heat bonding and embroidery. The performance of the fabricated FSPAs is evaluated through three different deformation shapes: C-shaped bending, S-shaped bending, and twisting.
Meta-analysis of variance in tDCS effects on response inhibition
Authors: Lasogga Luca , Gramegna Chiara , Müller Dario , Habel Ute , Mehler David M. A. , Gur Ruben C. , Weidler Carmen
Published: August 2024

Deficiencies in response inhibition are associated with numerous mental health conditions, warranting innovative treatments. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, modulates cortical excitability and has shown promise in improving response inhibition. However, tDCS effects on response inhibition often yield contradictory findings. Previous research emphasized the importance of inter-individual factors that are mostly ignored in conventional meta-analyses of mean effects. We aimed to fill this gap and promote the complementary use of the coefficient of variation ratio and standardized mean effects. The systematic literature search included single-session and sham-controlled tDCS studies utilizing stop-signal task or Go-NoGo tasks, analyzing 88 effect sizes from 53 studies. Considering the impact of inter-individual factors, we hypothesized that variances increase in the active versus sham tDCS. However, the results showed that variances between both groups did not differ. Additionally, analyzing standardized mean effects supported previous research showing an improvement in the stop-signal task but not in the Go-NoGo task following active tDCS. These findings suggest that inter-individual differences do not increase variances in response inhibition, implying that the heterogeneity cannot be attributed to higher variance in response inhibition during and after active tDCS. Furthermore, methodological considerations are crucial for tDCS efficacy.
Chromosomal copy number based stratification of gastric cancer has added prognostic value to Lauren’s histological classification
Authors: Biesma H. D. , Soeratram T. T. D. , van Essen H. F. , Egthuijsen J. M. P. , Poell J. B. , van Dijk E. , Meershoek - Klein Kranenbarg E. , Hartgrink H. H. , van de Velde C. J. H. , van de Wiel M. A. , Ylstra B. , van Grieken N. C. T.
Published: August 2024

Background

The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) recognizes four molecular subgroups of gastric cancer: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positive, microsatellite instable (MSI), genomically stable (GS), and chromosomal instable (CIN). Since a GS/CIN classifier is lacking, alternative markers such as Lauren’s histopathology or CDH1/p53 immunohistochemistry are commonly applied. Here we compared survival of gastric cancer subgroups determined by four methods.

Methods

309 EBV negative and microsatellite stable tumors were included from the Dutch D1/D2 trial and assigned to subgroups by: (i) TCGA’s specific chromosomal copy number aberrations, (ii) genome instability index (GII), (iii) Lauren’s classification, and (iv) CDH1/p53 immunohistochemistry. Subgroups were associated with cancer-related survival (CRS).

Results

Five-year CRS was 42.0% for diffuse and 49.5% for patients with intestinal type tumors, and 57.8% for GS and 41.6% for patients with CIN tumors. Classification by GII or CDH1/p53 IHC did not correlate with CRS. The combination of TCGA and Lauren classifications resulted in four distinct subgroups. Five-year CRS for GS-intestinal (n = 24), GS-diffuse (n = 57), CIN-intestinal (n = 142) and CIN-diffuse (n = 86) was 61.4%, 56.5%, 47.6%, and 31.5%, respectively.

Conclusions

TCGA’s GS and CIN subgroups have additional prognostic value to Lauren’s classification in resectable gastric cancer. GS-intestinal, GS-diffuse, CIN-intestinal and CIN-diffuse are suggested stratification variables for future studies.
Preparation and application of KCC-1@ZIF-8 for the solid extraction of tetracycline with high adsorption capacity
Authors: Jingru Zhang , Hongtao Chu , Jiaqi Chen , Qian Wang , Shili Qin , Lidi Gao , Wenhui Ma , Jun Li , Ming Zhao , Weibing Zhang
Published: August 2024

The preparation is described of dendritic fiber-type silica (KCC-1), zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8), and a new composite material, KCC-1@ZIF-8, which has excellent adsorption properties.
A machine learning-based electronic nose system using numerous low-cost gas sensors for real-time alcoholic beverage classification
Authors: Lee Sang Woo , Yoon Jeong Ah , Kim Myoung Dong , Kim Byeong Hee , Seo Young Ho
Published: August 2024

This study presents a real-time classification system for various alcoholic beverages using machine-learning. The classification performance was enhanced by employing numerous low-cost gas sensors, akin to a dog's olfactory area.
Glucose oxidase, horseradish peroxidase and phenothiazine dyes-co-adsorbed carbon felt-based amperometric flow-biosensor for glucose
Authors: Jiao Zeting , Kuang Lichuan , Komori Masahito , Hirono Masaki , Komuro Ryota , Wang Yue , Hasebe Yasushi
Published: August 2024

Based on the stabilizing effect of methylene blue toward glucose oxidase (GOx), amperometric flow-biosensor for glucose was developed by the combination of GOx-adsorbed carbon felt (CF)-reactor and peroxidase-adsorbed CF-based H2O2 detector.
Durability of the bubble-jet sorter enables high performance bio sample isolation
Authors: Hopfes Thomas , Tahvildari Radin , de Wijs Koen , Dang Chi , Fondu Jelle , Lagae Liesbet , Libbrecht Sarah
Published: August 2024

The robust design and fabrication of the latest bubble-jet sorter enables the continuous sorting of millions of cells at high rates (1000 sorting events per second) and high efficiency (purity >90%, recovery >85%) while assuring cell viability.
Hydrogen spillover through hydride transfer: the reaction of ZnO and ZrO2 with strong hydride donors
Authors: Benz Michael , Bunjaku Osman , Nowakowski Michal , Allgaier Alexander , Biswas Indro , van Slageren Joris , Bauer Matthias , Estes Deven P.
Published: August 2024

Hydride donors such as DIBAL or CuH react with ZnO and ZrO2via hydrogen spillover. This suggests that hydrogen spillover in catalysts based on these metal oxides may take place via initial hydride transfer and not via proton–electron transfer.
NiFe2O4: harnessing catalytic potential in water splitting
Authors: Krishnan A. Anantha , Harikumar Sreehari , Aneesh Kumar M. A. , Nair Revathy B. , Kurian Sajith , Ameen Sha M. , Arun P. S.
Published: August 2024

NiFe2O4 is a potential catalyst for energy conversion and storage, owing to their electrical conductivity, catalytic activity, and stability.
The chemical nature of SO2 poisoning of Cu-CHA-based SCR catalysts for NOx removal in diesel exhausts
Authors: Molokova Anastasia Yu. , Salusso Davide , Borfecchia Elisa , Wen Fei , Magliocco Stefano , Bordiga Silvia , Janssens Ton V. W. , Lomachenko Kirill A. , Berlier Gloria
Published: August 2024

Unveiling how the chemistry of the reaction of [Cu2II(NH3)4O2]2+ with NO changes upon exposure to SO2. The important stage of the NH3-SCR cycle in the Cu-CHA deNOx catalyst is investigated with temperature-programmed reaction with NO, XAS and DRIFTS.
Facile in situ construction strategy to deposit Mn0.5Cd0.5S nanoparticles on TiO2 nanosheets for highly efficient visible light photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline
Authors: Zhu Liezhen , Liu Jing , Shen Youliang , Qiu Lingfang , Xu Xun , Xi Jiangbo , Li Deliang , Li Ping , Duo Shuwang
Published: August 2024

A novel binary photocatalyst Mn0.5Cd0.5S/TiO2 consisting of Mn0.5Cd0.5S nanoparticles and TiO2 nanosheets was designed and constructed by a two-step hydrothermal method with high-efficiency visible-light photocatalytic performance.
The effect of histidine, histamine, and imidazole on electrochemical properties of Cu(ii) complexes of Aβ peptides containing His-2 and His-3 motifs
Authors: Tobolska Aleksandra , Jabłońska Agnieszka E. , Suwińska Aleksandra , Wawrzyniak Urszula E. , Wróblewski Wojciech , Wezynfeld Nina E.
Published: August 2024

Low molecular-weight substances may promote the Cu(ii)/Cu(i) cycle for Cu(ii) ions bound to N-truncated Aβ by (1) removing Cu(ii) ions from Cu(ii)/Aβ complexes, (2) changing Cu(ii)/Aβ coordination, and (3) facilitating Cu(i) reoxidation.
The therapeutic effect and possible mechanisms of alginate oligosaccharide on metabolic syndrome by regulating gut microbiota
Authors: Wang Jingyi , Zhang Zixuan , Dai Tong , Zhang Ziheng , Zhang Qingfeng , Yao Jingtong , Wang Lijing , He Ningning , Li Shangyong
Published: August 2024

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a disease condition incorporating the abnormal accumulation of various metabolic components, including obesity, insulin resistance and abnormal glucose tolerance, hypertension, atherosclerosis, or dyslipidemia.
Ionogel impregnated glass ionomer cement and the effect of nanoparticle additives
Authors: Lathikumari Sreejith Sasidharan , Saraswathy Manju
Published: August 2024

The ionogel reduce the formation of inter or intramolecular hydrogen bonding between polyalkenoic acid chains and improve the availability of free carboxylic acid to react with the cations leached out of the glass powder (e.g. Al3+, Ca2+).
Electrocatalytic activity of tungsten carbide hybrids with two different MOFs for water splitting: a comparative analysis
Authors: Sohail Umair , Pervaiz Erum , Khosa Rafiq , Ali Maryum
Published: August 2024

Conventional energy resources are diminishing, and environmental pollution is constantly increasing because of the excessive use of fossil fuels to sustain the ever-increasing population and industrialization.
Dual enhancement in strength and ductility of Fe-rich medium-entropy alloys via an in situ formed heterogeneous multi-phase structure
Authors: Wu Jian , Zhu Xinghua , Huang Sirui , Zhu Heguo
Published: August 2024

An exceptional strength–ductility balance is achieved in the brittle Ni0.6CoFe1.4 medium-entropy alloy through in situ formation of a heterogeneous structure with the addition of Si.
Dilute suspensions of Janus rods: the role of bond and shape anisotropy
Authors: De Filippo Carlo Andrea , Del Galdo Sara , Bianchi Emanuela , De Michele Cristiano , Capone Barbara
Published: August 2024

Self-assembled nanostructures of tip functionalised anisotropic particles can be tuned by choosing aspect ratio, inteaction strength range or density.
Bortezomib-encapsulated metal–phenolic nanoparticles for intracellular drug delivery
Authors: Zhou Haidong , Xu Hongyu , Man Jiaping , Wang Gangxiang
Published: August 2024

The bortezomib (BTZ)-encapsulated metal–phenolic nanoparticles were prepared by the self-assembly of BTZ, tannic acid (TA), and Fe3+, which can be used for the intracellular delivery of BTZ.
Highly efficient mobility, separation and charge transfer in black SnO2–TiO2 structures with co-catalysts: the key step for the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Mantilla Ángeles , Guerrero-Araque Diana , Sierra-Uribe Jhon Harrison , Lartundo-Rojas Luis , Gómez Ricardo , Calderon Héctor A. , Zanella Rodolfo , Ramírez-Ortega David
Published: August 2024

Oxygen vacancies and co-catalysts enhance photocatalytic hydrogen production since these improve the charge carrier separation.
Recent advances in enzymatic carbon–carbon bond formation
Authors: Zhao Hua
Published: August 2024

Carbon–carbon (C–C) bond formation can be accomplished by various highly chemo-, regio- and/or stereoselective enzymatic reactions, sometimes through the catalytic promiscuity of enzymes.
High performance B2O3/MWCNTs and TiB/MWCNTs nano-adsorbents for the co-sorption of cyanide and phenol from refinery wastewater
Authors: Kariim I. , Abdulkareem A. S. , Isa R. O. , Tijani J. O. , Abubakre O. K. , Usman M. O. , Ezzat A. O. , Al-Lohedan H. A. , Sayed S. R. M. , Egbosiuba T. C.
Published: August 2024

The refinery industry has witnessed tremendous activity aimed at producing petrochemicals for the benefit of the teeming populace.
Fatty aldehyde bisulfite adducts as a purification handle in ionizable lipid synthesis
Authors: Atwood Graham , Purbiya Sona , Reid Cassandra , Smith Brandon , Kaur Kuljit , Wicks Drew , Gaudet Peter , MacLeod K. Cory , Vincent-Rocan Jean-Francois
Published: August 2024

Rapid access to ALC-0315, a crucial component of the formulated Pfizer Covid vaccine, was obtained by employing solid adduct formation and filtration in place of chromatographic separation, allowing for a more scalable synthesis.
Surface topology of MXene flakes induces the selection of the sintering mechanism for supported Pt nanoparticles
Authors: Huang Jiawei , Zhang Yucheng , Chen Jiaqi , Zhang Zhouyang , Zhang Chunfang , Huang Changshui , Fei Linfeng
Published: August 2024

The sintering mechanisms for Pt nanoparticles on MXene (Ti3C2Tx) flakes are identified as Ostwald ripening (OR) and particle migration and coalescence (PMC) in defect and planar regions, respectively, due to the distinct metal–support interactions.
Spin effect in dual-atom catalysts for electrocatalysis
Authors: Xu Xiaoqin , Guan Jingqi
Published: August 2024

Modulating the spin state of active centres of DACs can influence the adsorption behaviour of intermediates. This review highlights the recent advances in understanding the impact of electronic spin in DACs on electrocatalysis.
Prior disulfide bond-mediated Ser/Thr ligation
Authors: Liu Heng , Chow Hoi Yee , Liu Jiamei , Shi Pengfei , Li Xuechen
Published: August 2024

In this work, we developed a novel strategy, prior disulfide bond-mediated Ser/Thr ligation (PD-STL), for the chemical synthesis of peptides and proteins.
A surface sulfurization strategy for tuning the lithiophilicity of garnet electrolyte pellets towards advanced solid-state lithium metal electrolyte
Authors: Yu Genxi , Wu Youchun , Sha Dawei , Cai Jianwen , Nie Gaofa , Wang Yaping , Pan Long , Sun ZhengMing
Published: August 2024

A surface chemistry strategy of rapid vulcanization treatment for the garnet electrolyte enables solid-state batteries with good electrochemical performance.
Multi-functional imidazolium dendrimers based on thiacalix[4]arenes: self-assembly, catalysis and DNA binding
Authors: Sultanova Elza D. , Fedoseeva Angelina A. , Fatykhova Aigul M. , Mironova Diana A. , Ziganshina Sufia A. , Ziganshin Marat A. , Evtugyn Vladimir G. , Burilov Vladimir A. , Solovieva Svetlana E. , Antipin Igor S.
Published: August 2024

Novel dendrimers exhibit high binding efficiency to calf thymus DNA and serve as an organic support for Pd nanoparticles with high catalytic activity for the reduction of nitroaromatic compounds.
Alkali metal-enhanced cerium manganese-based three-dimensional ordered macroporous catalyst for NO oxidation and soot combustion
Authors: Wang Xuebin , He Miao , Wang Ping , Yao Jiasai , Xiong Jing , Zhang Xin , Sun Xiaohua , Wei Yuechang , Li Zhenxing
Published: August 2024

Alkali metal-doped cerium manganese-based three-dimensional ordered macroporous catalyst exhibit the formation of more oxygen vacancies and unsaturated structures.
Prediction of aptamer affinity using an artificial intelligence approach
Authors: Fallah Arezoo , Havaei Seyed Asghar , Sedighian Hamid , Kachuei Reza , Fooladi Abbas Ali Imani
Published: August 2024

Aptamers are oligonucleotide sequences that can connect to particular target molecules, similar to monoclonal antibodies.
Empirical mass-loss rates and clumping properties of O-type stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Hawcroft C. , Mahy L. , Sana H. , Sundqvist J. O. , Abdul-Masih M. , Brands S. A. , Decin L. , de Koter A. , Puls J.
Published: August 2024

Context. The nature of mass-loss in massive stars is one of the most important and difficult to constrain processes in the evolution of massive stars. The largest observational uncertainties are related to the influence of metallicity and wind structure with optically thick clumps.

Aims. We aim to constrain the wind parameters of sample of 18 O-type stars in the LMC, through analysis with stellar atmosphere and wind models including the effects of optically thick clumping. This will allow us to determine the most accurate spectroscopic mass-loss and wind structure properties of massive stars at sub-solar metallicity to date. This will allow us to gain insight into the impact of metallicity on massive stellar winds.

Methods. Combining high signal to noise (S/N) ratio observations in the ultraviolet and optical wavelength ranges gives us access to diagnostics of multiple different ongoing physical processes in the stellar wind. We produce synthetic spectra using the stellar atmosphere modelling code FASTWIND, and reproduce the observed spectra using a genetic algorithm based fitting technique to optimise the input parameters.

Results. We empirically constrain 15 physical parameters associated with the stellar and wind properties of O-type stars from the dwarf, giant and supergiant luminosity classes. These include temperature, surface gravity, surface abundances, rotation, macroturbulence and wind parameters.

Conclusions. We find, on average, mass-loss rates a factor of 4–5 lower than those from theoretical predictions commonly used in stellar-evolution calculations, but in good agreement with more recent theoretical predictions. In the ‘weak-wind’ regime we find massloss rates orders of magnitude below any theoretical predictions. We find a positive correlation of clumping factors with effective temperature with an average fcl = 14 ± 8 for the full sample. It is clear that there is a difference in the porosity of the wind in velocity space, and interclump density, above and below a temperature of roughly 38 kK. Above 38 kK an average 46 ± 24% of the wind velocity span is covered by clumps and the interclump density is 10–30% of the mean wind. Below an effective temperature of roughly 38 kK there must be additional light leakage for supergiants. For dwarf stars at low temperatures there is a statistical preference for very low clump velocity spans, however it is unclear if this can be physically motivated as there are no clearly observable wind signatures in UV diagnostics.
The S-PLUS Ultra-Short Survey: First data release
Authors: Perottoni Hélio D. , Placco Vinicius M. , Almeida-Fernandes Felipe , Herpich Fábio R. , Rossi Silvia , Beers Timothy C. , Smiljanic Rodolfo , Amarante João A. S. , Limberg Guilherme , Werle Ariel , Rocha-Pinto Helio J. , Beraldo e Silva Leandro , Daflon Simone , Alvarez-Candal Alvaro , Oliveira Schwarz Gustavo B. , Schoenell William , Ribeiro Tiago , Kanaan Antonio
Published: August 2024

Context. This paper presents the first public data release of the S-PLUS Ultra-Short Survey (USS), a photometric survey with short exposure times, covering approximately 9300 deg2 of the Southern sky. The USS utilizes the Javalambre 12-band magnitude system, including narrow, medium, and broad-band filters targeting prominent stellar spectral features. The primary objective of the USS is to identify bright, extremely metal-poor (EMP; [Fe/H] ≤ −3) and ultra-metal-poor (UMP; [Fe/H] ≤ −4) stars for further analysis using medium- and high-resolution spectroscopy.

Aims. This paper provides an overview of the survey observations, calibration method, data quality, and data products. Additionally, it presents the selection of EMP and UMP candidates.

Methods. The data from the USS were reduced and calibrated using the same methods as presented in the S-PLUS DR2. An additional step was introduced, accounting for the offset between the observed magnitudes off the USS and the predicted magnitudes from the very low-resolution Gaia XP spectra.

Results. This first release contains data for 163 observed fields totaling ~324 deg2 along the Celestial Equator. The magnitudes obtained from the USS are well-calibrated, showing a difference of ~15 mmag compared to the predicted magnitudes by the GaiaXPy toolkit. By combining colors and magnitudes, 140 candidates for EMP or UMP have been identified for follow-up studies.

Conclusions. The S-PLUS USS DR1 is an important milestone in the search for bright metal-poor stars, with magnitudes in the range 10 < r ≤ 14. The USS is an ongoing survey; in the near future, it will provide many more bright metal-poor candidate stars for spectroscopic follow-up.