bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Circulation anomalies in the Southern Hemisphere and ozone changes
Authors: Braesicke P. , Keeble J. , Yang X. , Stiller G. , Kellmann S. , Abraham N. L. , Archibald A. , Telford P. , Pyle J. A.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. We report results from two pairs of chemistry-climate model simulations using the same climate model but different chemical perturbations. In each pair of experiments an ozone change was triggered by a simple change in the chemistry. One pair of model experiments looked at the impact of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) and the other pair at the impact of short-lived halogenated species on composition and circulation. The model response is complex with both positive and negative changes in ozone concentration, depending on location. These changes result from coupling between composition, temperature and circulation. Even though the causes of the modelled ozone changes are different, the high latitude Southern Hemisphere response in the lower stratosphere is similar. In both pairs of experiments the high-latitude circulation changes, as evidenced by N2O differences, are suggesting a slightly longer-lasting/stronger stratospheric descent in runs with higher ozone destruction (a manifestation of a seasonal shift in the circulation). We contrast the idealised model behaviour with interannual variability in ozone and N2O as observed by the MIPAS instrument on ENVISAT, highlighting similarities of the modelled climate equilibrium changes to the year 2006–2007 in observations. We conclude that the climate system can respond quite sensitively in its seasonal evolution to small chemical perturbations, that circulation adjustments seen in the model can occur in reality, and that coupled chemistry-climate models allow a better assessment of future ozone and climate change than recent CMIP-type models with prescribed ozone fields.
Dynamics of dissolved inorganic carbon and aquatic metabolism in the Tana River basin, Kenya
Authors: Tamooh F. , Borges A. V. , Meysman F. J. R. , Van Den Meersche K. , Dehairs F. , Merckx R. , Bouillon S.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. A basin-wide study was conducted in the Tana River basin (Kenya) in February 2008 (dry season), September–November 2009 (wet season) and June–July 2010 (end of the wet season) to assess the dynamics and sources of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) as well as to quantify CO2 fluxes, community respiration (R), and primary production (P). Samples were collected along the altitudinal gradient (from 3600 to 8 m) in several headwater streams, reservoirs (Kamburu and Masinga), and the Tana River mainstream. DIC concentrations ranged from 0.2 to 4.8 mmol L−1, with exceptionally high values (3.5 ± 1.6 mmol L−1) in Nyambene Hills tributaries. The wide range of δ13CDIC values (−15.0 to −2.4‰) indicate variable sources of DIC, with headwater streams recording more positive signatures compared to the Tana River mainstream. With with only a few exceptions, the entire riverine network was supersaturated in CO2, implying the system is a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere. pCO2 values were generally higher in the lower Tana River mainstream compared to headwater tributaries, opposite to the pattern typically observed in other river networks. This was attributed to high suspended sediment in the Tana River mainstream fuelling in-stream community respiration and net heterotrophy. This was particularly evident during the 2009 wet season campaign (median pCO2 of 1432 ppm) compared to the 2010 end of the wet season (1002 ppm) and 2008 dry season (579 ppm). First-order estimates show that in-stream community respiration was responsible for the bulk of total CO2 evasion (77 to 114%) in the Tana River mainstream, while in the tributaries, this could only account for 5 to 68% of total CO2 evasion. This suggests that CO2 evasion in the tributaries was to a substantial degree sustained by benthic mineralisation and/or lateral inputs of CO2-oversaturated groundwater. While sediment loads increased downstream and thus light availability decreased in the water column, both chlorophyll a (0.2 to 9.6 μg L−1) and primary production (0.004 to 7.38 μmol C L−1 h−1) increased consistently downstream. Diurnal fluctuations of biogeochemical processes were examined at three different sites along the river continuum (headwater, reservoir and mainstream), and were found to be substantial only in the headwater stream, moderate in the reservoir and not detectable in the Tana River mainstream. The pronounced diurnal fluctuations observed in the headwater stream were largely regulated by periphyton as deduced from the low chlorophyll a in the water column.
Ratios among atmospheric trace gases together with winds imply exploitable information for bird navigation: a model elucidating experimental results
Authors: Wallraff H. G.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. A model of avian goal-oriented navigation is described that is based on two empirical findings building a bridge from ornithology to atmospheric chemistry. (1) To orient their courses homeward from distant unfamiliar areas, homing pigeons require long-term exposure to undisturbed winds at the home site and olfactory access to the environmental air at home and abroad. (2) Above Germany, ratios among some atmospheric trace gases vary along differently oriented spatial gradients as well as depending on wind direction. The model emulates finding (1) by utilising the analysed air samples on which finding (2) is based. Starting with an available set of 46 omnipresent compounds, virtual pigeons determine the profile of relative weights among them at each of 96 sites regularly distributed around a central home site within a radius of 200 km and compare this profile with corresponding profiles determined at home under varying wind conditions. Referring to particular similarities and dissimilarities depending on home-wind direction, they try to estimate, at each site, the compass direction they should fly in order to approach home. To make the model work, an iterative algorithm imitates evolution by modifying sensitivity to the individual compounds stepwise at random. In the course of thousands of trial-and-error steps it gradually improves homeward orientation by selecting smaller sets of most useful and optimally weighted substances from whose proportional configurations at home and abroad it finally derives navigational performances similar to those accomplished by real pigeons. It is concluded that the dynamic chemical atmosphere most likely contains sufficient spatial information for home-finding over hundreds of kilometres of unfamiliar terrain. The underlying chemo-atmospheric processes remain to be clarified.
Quantifying the role of fire in the Earth system – Part 2: Impact on the net carbon balance of global terrestrial ecosystems for the 20th century
Authors: Li F. , Bond-Lamberty B. , Levis S.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. Fire is the primary terrestrial ecosystem disturbance agent on a global scale. It affects the net carbon balance of global terrestrial ecosystems by emitting carbon directly and immediately to the atmosphere from biomass burning (i.e., the fire direct effect), and by changing net ecosystem productivity and land-use carbon loss in post-fire regions due to biomass burning and fire-induced vegetation mortality (i.e., the fire indirect effect). Here, we provide the first quantitative assessment of the impact of fire on the net carbon balance of global terrestrial ecosystems during the 20th century, and investigate the roles of fire direct and indirect effects. This was done by quantifying the difference between the 20th century fire-on and fire-off simulations with the NCAR Community Land Model CLM4.5 as model platform. Results show that fire decreases the net carbon gain of global terrestrial ecosystems by 1.0 Pg C yr–1 averaged across the 20th century, as a result of the fire direct effect (1.9 Pg C yr–1) partly offset by the indirect effect (−0.9 Pg C yr–1). Fire generally decreases the average carbon gains of terrestrial ecosystems in post-fire regions, which is significant over tropical savannas and some North American and East Asian forests. The general decrease of carbon gains in post-fire regions is because the fire direct and indirect effects have similar spatial patterns but with opposite function and the former (which decreases the carbon gain of land) is generally stronger. Moreover, the effect of fire on net carbon balance significantly declines prior to ~1970 with a trend of 8 Tg C yr–1 due to increasing fire indirect effect, and increases afterward with a trend of 18 Tg C yr–1 due to increasing fire direct effect.
Tree-ring-inferred glacier mass balance variation in southeastern Tibetan Plateau and its linkage with climate variability
Authors: Duan J. , Wang L. , Li L. , Sun Y.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. A large number of glaciers in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) have experienced wastage in recent decades. And the wastage is different from region to region, even from glacier to glacier. A better understanding of long-term glacier variations and their linkage with climate variability requires extending the presently observed records. Here we present the first tree-ring-based glacier mass balance (MB) reconstruction in the TP, performed at the Hailuogou Glacier in southeastern TP during 1868–2007. The reconstructed MB is characterized mainly by ablation over the past 140 yr, and typical melting periods occurred in 1910s–1920s, 1930s–1960s, 1970s–1980s, and the last 20 yr. After the 1900s, only a few short periods (i.e., 1920s–1930s, the 1960s and the late 1980s) were characterized by accumulation. These variations can be validated by the terminus retreat velocity of Hailuogou Glacier and the ice-core accumulation rate in Guliya and respond well to regional and Northern Hemisphere temperature anomaly. In addition, the reconstructed MB is significantly and negatively correlated with August–September all-India monsoon rainfall (AIR) (r1871-2008 = −0.342, p < 0.0001). These results suggest that temperature variability is the dominant factor for the long-term MB variation at the Hailuogou Glacier. Indian summer monsoon precipitation does not affect the MB variation, yet the significant negative correlation between the MB and the AIR implies the positive effect of summer heating of the TP on Indian summer monsoon precipitation.
Estimating hydraulic conductivity of internal drainage for layered soils in situ
Authors: Mavimbela S. S. W. , van Rensburg L. D.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. The soil hydraulic conductivity (K function) of three layered soils cultivated at Paradys Experimental Farm, near Bloemfontein (South Africa), was determined from in situ drainage experiments and analytical models. Pre-ponded monoliths, isolated from weather and lateral drainage, were prepared in triplicate on representative sites of the Tukulu, Sepane and Swartland soil forms. The first two soils are also referred to as Cutanic Luvisols and the third as Cutanic Cambisol. Soil water content (SWC) was measured during a 1200 h drainage experiment. In addition soil physical and textural data as well as saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) were derived. Undisturbed soil core samples of 105 mm with a height of 77 mm from soil horizons were used to measure soil water retention curves (SWRCs). Parameterization of SWRC was through the Brooks and Corey model. Kosugi and van Genuchten models were used to determine SWRC parameters and fitted with a RMSE of less 2%. The SWRC was also used to estimate matric suctions for in situ drainage SWC following observations that laboratory and in situ SWRCs were similar at near saturation. In situ K function for horizons and the equivalent homogeneous profiles were determined. Model predictions based on SWRC overestimated horizons K function by more than three orders of magnitude. The van Genuchten–Mualem model was an exception for certain soil horizons. Overestimates were reduced by one or more orders of magnitude when inverse parameter estimation was applied directly to drainage SWC with HYDRUS-1D code. Best fits (R2 ≥ 0.90) were from Brooks and Corey, and van Genuchten–Mualem models. The latter also predicted the profiles' effective K function for the three soils, and the in situ based function was fitted with R2 ≥ 0.98 irrespective of soil type. It was concluded that the inverse parameter estimation with HYDRUS-1D improved models' K function estimates for the studied layered soils.
Do land parameters matter in large-scale terrestrial water dynamics? – Toward new paradigms in modelling strategies
Authors: Gudmundsson L. , Seneviratne S. I.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. Large-scale variations of terrestrial water storages and fluxes are key aspects in the Earth system, as they control ecosystem processes, feed back on weather and climate, and form the basis for water resources management. However, relevant observations are limited and process models used for estimation are highly uncertain. These models rely on approximations of terrestrial processes as well as on location-specific parameters (e.g.;soil types, topography) to translate atmospheric forcing (e.g.;precipitation, net radiation) into terrestrial water variables (e.g.;soil moisture, river flow). To date it is unclear which processes and parameters should be included to model terrestrial water systems on regional to global scales. Using a data driven approach we show, that skillful estimates of monthly water dynamics in Europe can be derived from information on atmospheric drivers alone and that the inclusion of land parameters does not improve the estimate. The results highlight that substantial parts of terrestrial water dynamics are controlled by atmospheric forcing, which dominates over land parameters. This is not reflected in current model developments, which are striving at incorporating an increasing number of small scale processes and related parameters. Our results thus point at major potential for theory and model development, with important implications for water resources modelling, seasonal forecasting and climate change projections.
Near-surface permeability in a supraglacial drainage basin on the Llewellyn glacier, Juneau Ice Field, British Columbia
Authors: Karlstrom L. , Zok A. , Manga M.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. Supraglacial channel networks link time varying solar forcing and melt water routing on temperate glaciers. We present measurements of supraglacial channel spacing and network properties on the Juneau Icefield, subsurface water table height, and time variation of hydraulic characteristics including diurnal variability in water temperature. We combine these data with modeling of porous flow in weathered ice to infer near-surface permeability. Estimates are based on an observed phase lag between diurnal water temperature variations and discharge, and independently on measurement of water table surface elevation away from a stream. Both methods predict ice permeability on a 1–10 m scale in the range of 10–10–10–11 m2. These estimates are considerably smaller than common parameterizations of surface water flow on bare ice in the literature, as well as smaller than estimates of snowpack permeability. For supraglacial environments in which porosity/permeability creation in the subsurface is balanced by porous flow of melt water, our methods provide an estimate of microscale hydraulic properties from macroscale, remote observations of supraglacial channel spacing.
Liderazgo: una mirada desde directivos, profesores y alumnos
Authors: Sánchez Verónica , Tapia Carmen , Becerra Sandra
Published: November 2013

Considerando la gestión escolar desde una perspectiva global, es importante reconocer que la eficiencia del aprendizaje escolar y la efectividad docente se ven afectadas por el liderazgo.Esta investigación tiene como objetivo conocer significados que directivos, profesores y alumnos atribuyen al concepto de liderazgo en establecimientos municipales, subvencionados y particulares de Temuco (IX Región, Chile). La muestra se constituyó por 189 sujetos. Se accedió a los significados utilizando las Redes Semánticas Naturales (Valdez, 1998). Se obtuvo un valor J total de 1407 conceptos, lo que indica la riqueza semántica de la red. El conjunto SAM total estuvo constituido por roles, aparecen responsabilidad y jefe como aspectos importantes. Se consignan diferencias entre redes de directivos y profesores, quienes destacan un liderazgo más participativo versus los alumnos, que dan cuenta de uno más autoritario.
Factores que estructuran el rol del psicólogo en educación especial
Authors: Ossa Carlos
Published: November 2013

Se analiza la labor y el rol de los psicólogos en escuelas especiales en la Región Metropolitana de Santiago de Chile. La investigación se desarrolló en forma exploratoria y descriptiva, incluyéndose en el estudio variables contractuales y funciones ministeriales. Se observó un bajo promedio de horas profesionales de contrato (20 horas) y una distribución desequilibrada en el desarrollo de las funciones. Se concluye que la cantidad de horas es insuficiente para las funciones del psicólogo, privilegiándose las relacionadas con el ingreso de alumnos (diagnóstico). El rol del psicólogo está estructurado por factores administrativos, de actuación profesional y de formación universitaria.
Estudio cualitativo sobre el proceso de asesoramiento en el programa Liceo para Todos de la Región Metropolitana: el relato de los asesores
Authors: Valiente Ximena , Herrera Paulina , Figueroa Janny
Published: November 2013

La investigación cualitativa presentada en este artículo surge de la inquietud por conocer las características del proceso de asesoramiento psicosocial llevado a cabo por el programa Liceo para Todos, en la Región Metropolitana. Con el afán de subsumirnos en dichas características, nos centramos en escucharlas a partir del relato de los asesores.Comprendiendo que el asesoramiento implementado por el programa mencionado tiene un carácter psicosocial, cabe señalar que dicha dimensión ha sido definida como el conjunto de las relaciones sociales que se producen al interior de las instituciones educativas. La asesoría psicosocial, en tanto, se constituye en una experiencia de trabajo y acompañamiento orientada a fortalecer, al interior del liceo, los espacios de participación e integración.
¿Qué es la investigación en psicología educacional?
Authors: Catalán Jorge
Published: November 2013

Para responder a la pregunta ¿qué es la investigación en Psicología Educacional?, en este trabajo se propone considerar diversos aspectos: lo que ha sido, lo que puede llegar a ser; los tipos de conocimientos que puede generar; los paradigmas en uso y los intereses rectores del conocimiento que los sustentan; los agentes de la actividad generadora y algunos requerimientos para desarrollar investigación de calidad.
¿Un psicoanálisis hermenéutico?
Authors: Zabala Ximena
Published: November 2013

Hace un tiempo algunos psicoanalistas debaten acerca de la necesidad de simplificar la metapsicología y proveer al psicoanálisis un marco epistemológico que lo inscriba dentro de las ciencias hermenéuticas.Siguiendo los postulados de Ricoeur, este trabajo pretende investigar cómo las reformas aportadas por la mirada hermenéutica a la metapsicología transforman severamente la especificidad del psicoanálisis.Si para Ricoeur el psicoanálisis se inscribe dentro de un proyecto tendiente a la autocomprensión del sujeto, en la teoría freudiana existirían aspectos insuficientes para concebir una proyección del sujeto más allá de sus determinaciones simbólicas regresivas. Habría entonces que imprimir una teleología a la arqueología freudiana.Un nuevo examen del lugar que ocupa la sexualidad en la metapsicología freudiana podría especificar tanto el sentido de la interpretación como el sentido de la clínica psicoanalítica.
Aproximaciones a la problemática de la experticia psicológica y psiquiátrica en la práctica jurídico-penal
Authors: Galleguillos Tamara , Medeiros Leonardo
Published: November 2013

A partir de una revisión histórico-crítica de los desarrollos de las prácticas penales, así como de determinados modos discursivos en relación al problema de la verdad aportados por Michel Foucault, se discute el lugar de saber que ocupa el experto de la Psicología y Psiquiatría Forense en la investigación criminológica actual. Se analiza los principales elementos conceptuales a la base de la praxis de dicho experto, cuyas tensiones encuentran su fundamento en el híbrido de dos campos disciplinarios afines y disímiles a la vez: la Psicología y Psiquiatría Clínica y el Derecho.Por último, se sugiere el porvenir del quehacer del Psicólogo y Psiquiatra Forense en relación a la noción de "individuo peligroso", entidad que signa determinadas transformaciones culturales y sociales de nuestra época.
Revisiting the Relationship between World Heritage Sites and Tourism
Authors: Yang Chih-Hai , Lin Hsun-Yu
Published: November 2013

As the number of World Heritage Sites (WHSs) is time-invariant or rarely changing in the short run, the panel data model reaches inconsistent estimates of the real effect of WHSs on tourist arrivals. This study adopts two alternative techniques, the fixed-effect vector decomposition (FEVD) approach and the two-stage, double fixed-effect (TSDFE) model, to revisit the WHS–tourism nexus. Based on China's provincial-level panel data over the 2000–2005 period, estimates using the fixed-effect panel data model show an insignificant impact of WHSs on tourist arrivals. Crucially, the empirical results obtained from both FEVD and TSDFE confirm a positive relationship between WHSs and international tourists in China. Moreover, cultural WHSs tend to exhibit a stronger tourism-enhancing effect than the natural WHSs. This study also highlights the importance of dealing with the time-invariant and/or rarely changing attributes in examining tourism demand.
ICZM and WTP of Stakeholders for Beach Conservation: Policymaking Suggestions from an Italian Case Study
Authors: Brandolini Silva Marzetti Dall'Aste , Disegna Marta
Published: November 2013

In accordance with integrated coastal zone management (ICZM), private stakeholders could be asked to pay for the benefits from beach conservation projects. Since a private contribution is measured by the amount of other goods a person is willing to give up for beach quality, it can be solicited in monetary terms or, when possible, in other forms, such as specific works. In this paper, by analysing the results of two surveys in Italy concerning stakeholders' perceptions of ICZM and their willingness to pay for these benefits, suggestions for beach management are provided to policymakers. One survey focuses on beach visitors who are asked to pay in monetary terms, while the other focuses on sunbathing establishment managers, who are asked to pay not only in monetary terms but also through beach works. The results show that the majority of these stakeholders are fully or partially aware of what ICZM is, and are unwilling to pay. However, regression analysis of those willing to pay suggests that promoting an information and education campaign about ICZM may be important if stakeholders' probability of paying is to be increased.
Do Day-Ahead Electricity Prices Reflect Economic Fundamentals? Evidence from the California ISO
Authors: Forbes Kevin F. , Zampelli Ernest M.
Published: November 2013

This paper hypothesizes that if day-ahead markets for electricity are efficient, then the day-ahead prices will reflect the processed information and expectations of all market participants regarding the next day’s electricity load and thus the prices may be useful in actually predicting the next day’s load. We test this hypothesis using data for the PG&E aggregation area in the California ISO. The results provide evidence of a positive and significant relationship between the hourly day-ahead electricity price (relative to the natural gas price) and the subsequent actual hourly load. The reported relationship is sufficiently robust to produce a forecast based on the day-ahead hourly price relative to the price of natural gas, some binary variables, and a number of estimated ARMA disturbances that is considerably more accurate than the ISO’s day-ahead forecast.
Understanding the Determinants of Electricity Prices and the Impact of the German Nuclear Moratorium in 2011
Authors: Thoenes Stefan
Published: November 2013

This paper shows how the effect of fuel prices varies with the level of electricity demand. It analyzes the relationship between daily prices of electricity, natural gas and carbon emission allowances with a semiparametric varying smooth coefficient cointegration model. Different electricity generation technologies have distinct fuel price dependencies, which allows estimating the structure of the power plant portfolio by exploiting market prices. The semiparametric model indicates a technology switch from coal to gas at roughly 85% of maximum demand. This model is used to analyze the market impact of the nuclear moratorium by the German Government in March 2011. Futures prices of electricity, natural gas and emission allowances are used to show that the market efficiently accounts for the suspended capacity and correctly expects that several nuclear plants will not be switched on after the moratorium.
The Relationship of Poverty to Music
Authors: Harrison Klisala
Published: November 2013

Flows of money and resources receive increasing treatment in music; however, lack of money and resources is rarely discussed comprehensively. This special half-issue of the Yearbook for Traditional Music titled “Music and Poverty” aims towards formulating a nuanced understanding of music and poverty relationships. This collection of articles considers what the complex theoretical issue of poverty can add to understandings of music and musical cultures, and vice versa. To this end, “Music and Poverty” builds on music-research publications that mention poverty and a growing number of scholarly studies of music that provide valuable information about music-of-poverty contexts. Although poverty has long formed a comprehensive focus of cognate disciplines of ethnomusicology, especially anthropology and sociology, and of studies in policy, economics, human rights, and health, most of ethnomusicology has yet to consider poverty explicitly or in detail, to open up multiple issues involved in it, and to draw on an extensive poverty literature relevant to culture.
“Nobody Should be Forced to Make a Living by Begging“: Social Exclusion and Cultural Rights of Gāine/Gandharva Musicians of Nepal
Authors: Moisala Pirkko
Published: November 2013

Even though poverty is most often examined in terms of a lack of material wealth and health, a growing number of studies focus on its social and cultural aspects. Nyiwul Mabughi and Tarek Selim (2006) conclude their review of approaches to poverty by listing its multiple dimensions:
Music and the Us War on Poverty: Some Reflections
Authors: Titon Jeff Todd
Published: November 2013

Jesus reportedly said that “the poor will be always with us” (Matthew 26:11) but, brimming with confidence after the Second World War, sociologists and economic policymakers in the United States dared to think otherwise. In a modern, affluent society, poverty was embarrassing. Social critics used to believe individuals were poor because they were unlucky or lazy or stupid, but mid-twentieth century sociologists saw the causes as cultural: if society could but change those cultures, then poverty would disappear (Galbraith 1998; Harrington 1963). The editor of this volume invited me to reflect on music and poverty in relation to my scholarly research over the past forty-five years. It so happens that the musical communities in the United States where I've done most of my field research were characterized as cultures of poverty and targeted in President Lyndon Johnson's 1964 State of the Union address in which he declared a War on Poverty. Daniel Moynihan, one of the architects of the War on Poverty in the US, put the then culture-of-poverty theory into bureaucratese: “Poverty leads to cultural and environmental obstacles to motivation which lead to poor health, inadequate education, and low mobility limiting earning potential which leads to limited income opportunities which lead to Poverty” (1966:4, my italics). While I did find material poverty in the musical communities that I participated in and studied since the 1960s, I found the people in those communities to be rich in music and expressive culture. I never found a cyclic culture of poverty in the Moynihan sense, either. Instead, I came to understand that poverty was imposed from without by discrimination, exploitation, and corruption.
The Saman Gayo Lues Sitting Song-Dance and ITS Recognition as an Item of Intangible Cultural Heritage
Authors: Kartomi Margaret
Published: November 2013

The saman song-dance of the Aceh Gayo Lues people, who inhabit the central mountainous areas of the province of Aceh, is one of the most dramatic and famous of Indonesia's performing arts and a key symbol of Gayo cultural identity, yet it has not to date been a subject of ethnomusicological research.
Gospel Music in Japan: Transplantation and Localization of African American Religious Singing
Authors: Minako Waseda
Published: November 2013

Gospel music is a type of Protestant Christian music in both white and black American traditions. White gospel or European American gospel music dates back to the late-nineteenth-century revival movement and has developed within three identifiable traditions: northern urban gospel, southern gospel, and country and bluegrass gospel. Black gospel or African American gospel music emerged in the 1930s in northern industrial cities, drawing on spirituals, jubilee singing, the blues, and hymnody from various traditions, then developed and flourished throughout North America. Today the influence of gospel music, particularly from the African American and northern urban white traditions, extends across many cultures (Shearon et al. 2012). In Japan, African American gospel music has become very popular since the early 1990s, and its popularity continues to the present day. This paper examines the way that African American gospel music took root and was localized in Japan in its social, cultural, and historical contexts.
Clearing the Air? Information Disclosure, Systems of Power, and the National Pollution Release Inventory
Authors: Simmons Greg
Published: November 2013

The establishment of the National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI) in 1992 marked the emergence of a new approach to the regulation of industrial pollution in Canada. In contradistinction to the traditional permit-based model of regulation, the NPRI sets no mandatory discharge limits, instead requiring facilities to track their releases of pollutants and report them to a publically-accessible national database. Through its grounding of regulation in the interplay of social actors interacting across the public/private divide, the NPRI exemplifies a new governance technique of environmental regulation, a characterization I examine through a series of analytical lenses. The mining industry offers an informative narrative, and I contend that the relationship between mining activity and the NPRI illustrates well the risks of failing to attend to the extant distribution of power within the social dynamic that informational regulatory mechanisms seek to harness. I end by offering some recommendations for how the NPRI might be improved in light of these considerations.
Privacy, Corrective Justice, and Incrementalism: Legal Imagination and the Recognition of a Privacy Tort in Ontario
Authors: Bennett Thomas DC
Published: November 2013

This article considers the nature of common law development as exemplified by the recent privacy case of Jones v. Tsige. The author focuses on Jones, in which the Ontario Court of Appeal recognized the novel privacy tort of “intrusion upon seclusion”. Using a detailed analysis of the case as its basis, the article explores issues which have much wider significance for the judicial development of privacy laws: the process of incremental elaboration of the law, the moral impulses at work within it, and the relevance of imagination to its operations. By drawing out these discrete issues and analyzing the role that each plays in Jones, the article offers a framework for examining such questions in future privacy cases. Moreover, this article argues that the judgment in Jones brings valuable clarity to the analysis of the process of common law development. In particular, the essay concludes that the novel privacy tort recognized in Jones is the result of a legitimate incremental development rather than an instance of undue judicial activism.
Contract’s Meaning and the Histories of Classical Contract Law
Authors: Rosenberg Anat
Published: November 2013

This paper argues that histories of nineteenth-century contract have been implicated in the creation of a questionable historical artifact: the story of a single meaning of contract at the decisive era for modern contract law’s development, a story intimately tied with atomistic individualism.

The paper traces how the consensus has been built and kept beyond debate despite significant controversies engaging rival historical schools of nineteenth-century contract law. It does so by critically synthesizing multiple accounts of contract law, produced from the nineteenth century to our own days. It opens, however, with a brief literary excursion in order to show that there is good reason to view the consensus as unwarranted. An individualist but relational version of contract was dominant in Victorian literary realism, one of the central cultural sites of the “Age of Contract”, problematizing the story of a single meaning of contract.

The consensus created by contract histories bears implications for present thought as it negotiates visions of contract, and as it explores law’s constitutive effects on social consciousness. This paper lays the consensus open so that we can let go of it.
Réflexions autour de la diversité des modes de réception ou d’adaptation du trust dans les pays de droit civil
Authors: Cantin Cumyn Madeleine
Published: November 2013

Dans le cadre d’analyses de droit comparé, la fiducie est généralement présentée comme l’équivalent civiliste du trust. Le terme fiducie recouvre néanmoins une grande variété d’institutions dont les particularismes découlent à la fois de leur modèle d’inspiration, des applications qui en sont faites et de la catégorie juridique retenue pour leur insertion dans chaque pays ou ordre juridique civiliste. Nous proposons ici un regroupement de divers exemples de fiducie en prenant comme point de départ la fiducie du Code civil du Québec, l’objectif étant notamment de contrer les amalgames fâcheux qui sont trop souvent une source de confusion.
La fiducie civiliste : modalité de la propriété ou intermède à la propriété?
Authors: Emerich Yaëll
Published: November 2013

Comment le trust de la common law peut-il prendre forme dans un contexte civiliste? La propriété fiduciaire n’est après tout pas impensable dans un tel contexte. Elle peut s’envisager comme une propriété finalisée et, plus précisément, comme une modalité de la propriété. Le législateur québécois, en imaginant la fiducie comme un patrimoine d’affectation, a inscrit cette finalité au coeur même d’un concept de patrimoine qui en sort renouvelé. La question se pose toutefois de savoir à quel point la fiducie québécoise a rompu tous les liens avec la propriété et quels sont les limites et défis théoriques d’une telle conception. Qui est cet autrui dont le fiduciaire administre les biens? De qui acquiert-on lorsqu’on acquiert un bien tenu en fiducie? La fiducie québécoise doit-elle s’analyser comme une modalité de la propriété ou comme un intermède à la propriété?
Le fiduciaire, véritable pivot ou simple rouage de l’opération de fiducie ?
Authors: Mallet-Bricout Blandine
Published: November 2013

L’objet de cet article est de s’interroger sur le rôle que tient le fiduciaire, spécialement dans la fiducie française issue de la Loi no 2007-211 du 19 février 2007 instituant la fiducie, mais aussi en comparaison d’autres systèmes juridiques civilistes ou de common law.

Un double regard permet de montrer que le fiduciaire ne tient pas, du moins en droit français, le rôle de pivot de l’opération que l’on pourrait attendre de lui. En effet, la fiducie envisagée sous sa perspective contractuelle, révèle un contractant fiduciaire largement sous la dépendance du constituant, qui détermine non seulement sa mission, parfois très réduite, mais dispose également du pouvoir de le remplacer. La confrontation des pouvoirs du constituant et de ceux du bénéficiaire avec le statut du fiduciaire, propriétaire des biens mis en fiducie, interroge également le civiliste : la propriété fiduciaire semble en effet singulièrement s’éloigner des caractéristiques traditionnelles du droit de propriété (perpétuité, exclusivité). Et la tentative avortée, en 2009, d’un dédoublement de la propriété fiduciaire à l’image de la distinction anglo-américaine entre legal ownership et beneficial interests, n’a pas permis le rapprochement espéré par les praticiens entre la fiducie française et le trust, laissant le fiduciaire au rang d’un propriétaire diminué.

Finalement, la prééminence de la relation contractuelle sur celle patrimoniale instaurée par l’opération de fiducie peut aboutir à vider de sa substance la fonction fiduciaire, envisagée dans sa double dimension de gestion et d’exercice d’un droit de propriété sur les biens mis en fiducie. Le fiduciaire apparaît ainsi moins comme un véritable pivot que comme un simple rouage multifonctions de l’opération de fiducie.
GEOTECHNICAL CONDITIONS FOR THE FOUNDATION OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT FACILITIES IN V. OBARSKA SETTLEMENT NEAR BIJELJINA
Authors: Đurić Neđo
Published: November 2013

Wastewater treatment plant is an integral part of the sewerage systemof the town of Bijeljina and it is located at the distance of 10 kilometers.Given the factthat it comprises several objects of different significance, it was necessary to select a suitable location to set up all facilities required. The site is located immediately next to the MPC – Majevicaperipheral channel that collects water from surrounding areas and drains into the River Sava.By the construction of a mentioned plant, purified water would flow through the channel to the River Sava. 

The wastewater treatment plant is accompanied by several objects of different importance, both in dimension and depth of foundations. Detailed geological surveys defined geological composition and geomechanical properties that are the basis for defining the requirements for foundation. Particular importance was given to facilities that require deeper foundations while smaller objects can be based in a layer of the embankment, which will be set up to a certain elevation to establish new alignment field.
THE RESULTS OF AT ROOFBOLTING SYSTEM OF SUPPORT APPLICATION IN ''SOKO'' UNDERGROUND MINE
Authors: Miljanović Jovo , Kovačević Žarko , Tošić Dražena
Published: November 2013

Complex mining and geological conditions of coal exploitation, such as the Soko mine, requiring the
constant work on the research of new technical solutions of development and supporting of the
underground openings.
In this paper presented detailed description of the existing way of development and support
underground openings at the mine Soko.
Experience in the current method of development and supporting of the openings showed a number of
disadvantages especially in terms of increased underground pressures that have affected the
deformation of underground openings.
Installing AT roof bolting system of support and test support in the drift EH- (-60) z in the underground
mine Soko with the combined support represent the new solutions of development and support and
function of the increasing stability of mining facilities, extending the life of their exploitation and
functionality. 
Dissecting the Obesogenic Environment of a Psychiatric Setting: Client Perspectives
Authors: Gorczynski Paul , Faulkner Guy , Cohn Tony
Published: November 2013

This qualitative study asked individuals with schizophrenia to identify environmental factors in a psychiatric facility that influence their diet, physical activity, and ultimately weight. Participants took photographs of environmental elements they perceived to be obesogenic within the hospital and then participated in a semi-structured interview during which they were asked about the identified environmental elements. The Analysis Grid for Environments Linked to Obesity (ANGELO) framework was used for the analysis of data. Participants recommended individual and environmental approaches to address obesity. The ANGELO framework is a useful tool for identifying obesogenic factors, a process that can inform environmental interventions in psychiatric settings.
Solubility Based Identification of Green Solvents for Small Molecule Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Burgués‐Ceballos Ignasi , Machui Florian , Min Jie , Ameri Tayebeh , Voigt Monika M. , Luponosov Yuriy N. , Ponomarenko Sergei A. , Lacharmoise Paul D. , Campoy‐Quiles Mariano , Brabec Christoph J.
Published: November 2013

Replacing halogenated solvents in the processing of organic solar cells by green solvents is a required step before the commercialization of this technology. With this purpose, some attempts have been made, although a general method is yet to be developed. Here, the potential of the Hansen solubility parameters (HSP) analysis for the design of green ink formulations for solution‐processed active layer in bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices based on small molecules is demonstrated. The motivation of moving towards organic small molecules stems from their lower molecular weight and more definite structure which makes them more likely to be dissolved in a wider variety of organic solvents. In the first step, the HSP of selected active materials are determined, namely, the star‐shaped D‐π‐A tris{4‐[5′′‐(1,1‐dicyanobut‐1‐en‐2‐yl)‐2,2′‐bithiophen‐5‐yl]phenyl}amine N(Ph‐2T‐DCN‐Et)3 small molecule and fullerene derivative [6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM). Secondly, computer simulations based on HSP allow the prediction of suitable green solvents for this specific material system. The most promising green solvents, according to the simulations, are then used to fabricate solar cell devices using pristine solvents and two solvents mixtures. These devices show power conversion efficiencies around 3.6%, which are comparable to those obtained with halogenated solvents. This good performance is a result of the sufficient solubility achieved after a successful prediction of good (green) solvents.
Functionalized Microparticles Producing Scaffolds in Combination with Cells
Authors: Custódio C. A. , Santo V. E. , Oliveira M. B. , Gomes M. E. , Reis R. L. , Mano J. F.
Published: November 2013

The development of biologically instructive biomaterials with application for tissue regeneration has become the focus of intense research over the last years. This work reports a novel approach for the production of three‐dimensional constructs for tissue engineering applications based on the assembly of chitosan microparticles exhibiting specific biological response with cells. Chitosan microparticles with a size range between 20 and 70 μm are functionalized with platelet derived growth factor (PDFG‐BB). The functionalization is achieved by previous immobilization of an anti‐PDGF‐BB antibody, using a water‐soluble carbodiimide. When incubated with a cocktail of growth factors‐platelet lysates, the previously functionalized particles are able to target PDGF‐BB from the protein mixture. In vitro studies are carried out focusing on the ability of these systems to promote the assembly into a stable 3D construct triggered by the presence of human adipose stem cells, which act as crosslinker agents and induce the formation of a hydrogel network. The presence of immobilized growth factors gives to this system a biological functionality towards control on cell function. It is also bioresponsive, as cells drive the assembly process of the microgel. These versatile biomimetic microgels may provide a powerful tool to be used as an injectable system for non‐invasive tissue engineering applications with additional control over cellular function by creating specific microenvironments for cell growth.
Polymer–Aptamer Hybrid Emulsion Templating Yields Bioresponsive Nanocapsules
Authors: Kedracki Dawid , Maroni Plinio , Schlaad Helmut , Vebert‐Nardin Corinne
Published: November 2013

This article describes the synthesis of a DNA–polymer, being the nucleotide sequence an aptamer selected in vitro to target specifically the immunoglobulin E (IgE) protein, an allergy biomarker. Subsequent to coupling to poly(2‐alkyl‐2‐oxazoline) with N‐Boc protected amino acid side chains, the resulting amphiphilic DNA–polymer hybrid composed of the water‐soluble DNA fragment grafted to the hydrophobic polymer segment can be regarded as a high molecular weight analogue of a surfactant. It is demonstrated that the copolymer–aptamer stabilizes efficiently submicrometer size oil‐in‐water and water‐in‐oil emulsions, by dynamic light scattering, microscopy, and reflectometry. Particularly interesting is that the aptamer remains functional after coupling to a polymer backbone, stabilization of the emulsion droplets, and locking of the structure subsequent to cross‐linking polymerization. The resulting nanocapsules still target specifically the IgE protein. The biological‐stimulus responsiveness of the structures is of high potential for future developments of carriers for sustained and targeted delivery.
Synthesis of Acylsilanes by Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Addition of Silicon Nucleophiles onto Acid Derivatives
Authors: Cirriez Virginie , Rasson Corentin , Riant Olivier
Published: November 2013

The transition metal‐catalyzed transfer of silicon nucleophiles onto various electrophiles has recently gained considerable attention, due to the now readily available silicon pro‐nucleophiles such as silylboronates. Our interest lies in the addition of such species to acid derivatives for the generation of acylsilanes. We report herein an efficient method to synthesize these compounds, starting from easy‐to‐form anhydrides, with very good yields.

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Underlying Motivations of Organic Food Purchase Intentions
Authors: Nasir V. Aslihan , Karakaya Fahri
Published: November 2013

There has been a great deal of increase in the production and consumption of organic foods. As a result, many researchers have attempted to explain the motivations and marketing issues dealing with the topic. Many of the previous studies provide conflicting results. With this in mind, we attempt to perform a comprehensive study of organic food consumption by examining the roles of a variety of factors on intention to purchase organic foods through a survey of consumers in a large metropolitan area in Europe by utilizing the scales developed in earlier studies. The results indicate that socially responsible consumption, health orientation, utilitarian, and hedonic consumption patterns are significant predictors of intention to purchase organic foods and consumption while controlling for demographical variables. In addition, environmental responsibility acts as a moderating factor in the relationship between socially responsible consumption behavior and intention to purchase. [JEL classifications: M30, M31, M48, Q56, Q57]