bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Doppler Flow Indices and Prediction of Embryo Transfer Success and Pregnancy Outcome in Uterus Transplant Recipients
Authors: Johannesson Liza , Testa Giuliano , Borries Trevor M. , Wall Anji , Ma Tsung-wei , Eagle Elizabeth A. , Jain Akshaya , Taylor Sherri D. , dePrisco Gregory , Gregg Anthony R.
Published: January 2023

Objective Doppler velocimetry of the uterine and umbilical arteries is used to predict preeclampsia and monitor fetal outcomes. There have been no reports of Doppler velocimetry indices in pregnancies conceived after uterus transplantation, which differ from traditional pregnancies because of different uterine vascular inflow and outflow and exposure to immunosuppressive agents. We sought to examine whether Doppler indices can be used to predict embryo transfer success after uterus transplantation and whether Doppler indices across pregnancy predict fetal growth restriction.

Study Design This was a single-center cohort observational study of 14 uterus transplant recipients who underwent embryo transfer. Of these, 12 women successfully delivered 14 babies. Five Doppler investigations were performed within the cohort: (1) prepregnancy; (2) uterine artery assessment across pregnancy; (3) umbilical artery assessment across pregnancy; (4) successive pregnancies; and (5) fetal growth.

Results Prepregnancy uterine artery Doppler indices did not correlate with successful implantation after embryo transfer. Uterine artery Doppler indices in uterus transplant recipients decreased across pregnancy as described in pregnancies without uterus transplantation. The umbilical artery systolic/diastolic velocity ratio was lower at all weeks of gestation after uterus transplantation compared with values described in pregnancies without uterus transplantation. In those women who delivered two successive babies after uterus transplant, umbilical artery Doppler indices were significantly lower during the second pregnancy. There was always forward flow throughout diastole in the umbilical arteries, and no babies experienced fetal growth restriction.

Conclusion In our study, uterus transplantation was not associated with abnormal blood flow indices in either the uterine or umbilical arteries. Although Doppler indices were not predictive of embryo transfer success, they supported the expectation that pregnancies after uterus transplantation at our center result in normally grown babies.

Key Points
Rate of Primary Cesarean Delivery by Language Preference among Nulliparas
Authors: Comfort Lizelle , Jain Meaghan , Wu Haotian , Nathan Lisa
Published: January 2023

Objective Sociodemographic factors such as race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status affect primary cesarean delivery rates. Language is associated with disparate health care outcomes but has not been well studied in obstetrics. We examined the association between primary unscheduled cesarean delivery rate and preferred patient language.

Study Design A retrospective cohort study was conducted at an urban medical center between January 2017 and January 2020. Nulliparous women with early or full-term gestation and having no obstetric or medical contraindication to vaginal delivery were included. We used multivariable linear and logistic regressions to evaluate language differences in cesarean delivery odds and indication for cesarean.

Results Of the 1,314 eligible women, 76.8% of patients preferred English, 17.8% Spanish, and 5.4% other languages. Overall cesarean delivery rate was 27.6%. Controlling for age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, insurance, gravidity, pregnancy comorbidities, labor induction, and infant birth weight, Spanish- and other language-speaking women had significantly higher odds of undergoing cesarean compared with English-speaking women (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25, 2.46). Relative proportions of indications for cesarean did not differ by language group. Documented interpreter use was an effect modifier on the relationship between language preference and cesarean (OR with interpreter use: 2.89, 95% CI: 1.90, 4.39).

Conclusion Primary cesarean delivery rates were significantly higher among nulliparous women who prefer languages other than English. This difference may reflect lack of communication, provider bias or discrimination, or other factors, and should be further studied. Interpreter services should be routinely utilized and documented effectively.

Key Points
Adventures in 1,1-Diphenylacetone Dianion Chemistry
Authors: Langer Peter
Published: January 2023

The present personalized account highlights reactions of the dianion of 1,1-diphenylacetone and its applications. From a study directed towards the regioselectivity of such reactions a new allene synthesis via allene dianions was found by serendipity. In addition, reactions of allene dianions with various electrophiles have been studied.

1 Introduction

2 Cyclizations of the Dianion of 1,1-Diphenylacetone

2.1 Reaction with Bis(cyclopentadienyl)zirconium Dichloride

2.1 Reactions with Dichlorosilanes

2.1 Reactions with Difluorosilanes

2.1 Reactions with Ketones and Dielectrophiles

3 Regioselectivity of Dianion Reactions

4 Allene Dianions from Silyl Enol Ethers

5 Scope of the Reactions of Allene Dianions

6 Reactions of Allene Dianions with Ketones

7 Reactions of Allene Dianions with Nitriles

8 Conclusions
An Overview of Genes Involved in the Pure Joubert Syndrome and in Joubert Syndrome-Related Disorders (JSRD)
Authors: Amorini Maria , Iapadre Giulia , Mancuso Alessio , Ceravolo Ida , Farello Giovanni , Scardamaglia Annarita , Gramaglia Simone , Ceravolo Antonio , Salpietro Annamaria , Cuppari Caterina
Published: January 2023

Joubert syndrome (JS) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by a peculiar brain malformation, hypotonia, ataxia, developmental delay, abnormal eye movements, and neonatal breathing abnormalities. This picture is often associated with variable multiorgan involvement, mainly of the retina, kidneys and liver, defining a group of conditions termed syndrome and Joubert syndrome-related disorders (JSRD). Currently, more than 30 causative genes have been identified, involved in the development and stability of the primary cilium. Correlations genotype–phenotype are emerging between clinical presentations and mutations in JSRD genes, with implications in terms of molecular diagnosis, prenatal diagnosis, follow-up, and management of mutated patients.
Expression of microRNA Predicts Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Pedersen Oliver Buchhave , Grove Erik Lerkevang , Nissen Peter H. , Larsen Sanne Bøjet , Pasalic Leonardo , Kristensen Steen Dalby , Hvas Anne-Mette
Published: January 2023

Background New biomarkers are warranted to identify patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) at high risk of recurrent cardiovascular events. It has been reported that the expression of microRNAs (miRs) may influence the development of CAD.

Objectives We aimed to investigate whether the expression of selected candidate miRs is a predictor of cardiovascular events in a cohort of stable CAD patients.

Methods We performed a single-center prospective study of 749 stable CAD patients with a median follow-up of 2.8 years. We investigated the expression of nine candidate miRs and their relation to cardiovascular events in this cohort. The primary endpoint was the composite of nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), stent thrombosis (ST), ischemic stroke, and cardiovascular death. The composite of nonfatal MI and ST was analyzed as a secondary endpoint. Furthermore, nonfatal MI, ST, ischemic stroke, and all-cause mortality were analyzed as individual endpoints.

Results Employing receiver operating characteristic curves, it was shown that compared with traditional cardiovascular risk factors alone, combining the expression of miR-223–3p with existing traditional cardiovascular risk factors increased the predictive value of ST (area under the curve: 0.88 vs. 0.77, p = 0.04), the primary composite endpoint (0.65 vs. 0.61, p = 0.049), and the secondary endpoint of the composite of nonfatal MI and ST (0.68 vs. 0.62, p = 0.04).

Conclusion Among patients with CAD, adding miR-223–3p expression to traditional cardiovascular risk factors may improve prediction of cardiovascular events, particularly ST. Clinical trials confirming these findings are warranted.
Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation of Morpho-Metabolic Changes in Bone Cartilage Complex of Knee Joint in Osteoarthritis Using Simultaneous 18F-NaF PET/MRI—A Pilot Study
Authors: Jena Amarnath , Goyal Nidhi , Rana Prerana , Taneja Sangeeta , Vaish Abhishek , Botchu Rajesh , Vaishya Raju
Published: January 2023

Background Articular cartilage (AC) loss and deterioration, as well as bone remodeling, are all symptoms of osteoarthritis (OA). As a result, an ideal imaging technique for researching OA is required, which must be sensitive to both soft tissue and bone health.

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the potential of simultaneous 18F sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) to identify as well as classify osseous metabolic abnormalities in knee OA and to see if degenerative changes in the cartilage and bone on MRI might be correlated with subchondral 18F-NaF uptake on PET.

Methods Sixteen (32 knees) volunteers with no past history of knee injury, with or without pain, were enrolled for the research from January to July 2021. The images of both knees were taken utilizing an molecular magnetic resonance (mMR) body matrix coil on a simultaneous PET/MRI biograph mMR. The acquisition was conducted after 45 minutes of intravenous infusion of 18F-NaF 185–370 MBq (5–10 mCi) over one PET bed for 40 minutes, while MRI sequences were performed simultaneously.

Results All pathologies showed significantly higher maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) than the background. Thirty-four subchondral magic spots were identified on 18F-NaF PET without any structural alteration on MRI. Bone marrow lesions (BMLs) and osteophytes with higher MRI osteoarthritis knee score (MOAKS) score showed higher 18F-NaF uptake (grade1˂grade2˂grade3). BMLs had corresponding AC degeneration. There was discordance between grade 1 osteophytes (86.6%), sclerosis (53.7%) and grade 1 BML in cruciate ligament insertion site (91.66%); they did not have high uptake of 18F-NaF. In case of cartilage, there was significant difference between AC grades and average subchondral SUVmax and T2* relaxometry (grade0˂grade1˂grade2˂grade3˂grade4). BMLs are much more metabolically active than other pathologies, while sclerosis is the least. We also found that the subchondral uptake was statistically increased in the areas of pathology:

Conclusion 18F-NaF PET/MRI was able to detect knee abnormalities unseen on MRI alone and simultaneously assessed metabolic and structural markers of knee OA across multiple tissues in the joint. Thus, it is a promising tool for detection of early metabolic changes in OA.
Clinical Studies with Anticoagulants that Have Changed Clinical Practice
Authors: Hirsh Jack , de Vries Tim A.C. , Eikelboom John W. , Bhagirath Vinai , Chan Noel C.
Published: January 2023

Anticoagulant therapy is the cornerstone of treatment and prevention of arterial and venous thromboembolism. Taking a historical perspective, starting in the 1960s, and progressing through to 2022, we discuss key clinical trials of anticoagulants that have changed clinical practice, and examine obstacles encountered in bringing these anticoagulants to the clinic. The design of some of the early studies that shaped clinical practice was poor by current standards, but their results were influential because nothing better was available. Both heparin and vitamin K antagonists had been in clinical use for several decades before well-designed trials in the 1980s optimized their dosing and enhanced their safety and efficacy. Low-molecular-weight heparin then replaced unfractionated heparin because it had a more predictable dose–response and a longer half-life, thereby allowing it to be used conveniently in out-of-hospital settings. More recently, direct oral anticoagulants became the oral anticoagulants of choice for most indications because they were shown to be at least as safe and effective as vitamin K antagonists when used in fixed doses without the need for laboratory monitoring. The design of the trials that led to the approval of the direct oral anticoagulants was excellent, but further studies are required to optimize their dosing in selected patients who were underrepresented in these trials.
Critical reflections of postgraduate researchers on a collaborative interdisciplinary research project
Authors: Purvis Ben , Keding Hannah , Lewis Ashley , Northall Phil
Published: January 2023

By employing a retrospective collaborative autoethnographic approach, this work aims to better understand how an interdisciplinary context shaped the authors’ experiences of British academia during their Ph.D research. The authors bring together their individual observations and experiences to collectively interrogate and critically reflect on their position as postgraduate researchers (PGRs) on a collaborative interdisciplinary research project. These reflections are taken as a lens through which to interrogate the contemporary British university. Pre-existing tensions within the academy are characterised as ‘asymmetries’ along dimensions of risk, disciplinary hierarchy, and knowledge. It is argued that the authors’ experience of uncertainty and precarity as junior academics stems principally from pre-existing structures within British academia, rather than the interdisciplinary environment in which they were immersed. By emphasising the role of the successfully trained doctoral candidate as an outcome itself, it is argued that indicators of success can be reframed, shifting the power asymmetry to place greater value on PGRs within the neoliberal academy. Highlighting the ambiguity of their convergent and divergent personal experiences, the authors suggest there is a need for a greater focus on the contested role of the PGR within the contemporary university system.
Teaching skills in physical education teacher training: theoretical and factor models
Authors: Aparicio-Herguedas José Luis , Fraile-Aranda Antonio , Rodríguez-Medina Jairo
Published: January 2023

Training in skills requires implementing reliable tools allowing them to prove their development during teacher training. This research is aimed at assessing the psychometric properties of a measuring tool implemented when training teaching skills for physical education teachers and at proving whether its internal structure fits in the theoretical models reviewed in the literature. The research included 1104 undergraduate students (59.78% male and 40.22% female) from Spanish higher education institutions. A factor and exploratory analysis from the Teaching Skills in Physical Education Teacher Training survey was carried out for a such purpose. The results showed a good fit to the three-correlated model and some discrepancies regarding the skills of the theoretical models suggested by the literature. Implications for the teaching practice and the student’s skill development are hereby discussed.
Effect of parental migration on the noncognitive abilities of left-behind school-going children in rural China
Authors: Abbasi Babar Nawaz , Luo Zhimin , Sohail Ali
Published: January 2023

This paper explores the question of whether parental migration is a significant source of human capital development or whether it is harmful to non-cognitive ability development. In light of this, a research question was raised: what is the effect of different statuses of parental migration on the non-cognitive abilities of left-behind children in rural China? To answer this research question, the study uses the China Education Panel Survey (CEPS) data wave-I and employs the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method. The findings revealed that the decision of one or both parents to migrate hurts the non-cognitive abilities of the left-behind school-going children. The results imply that parental migration of one or both parents in rural China is detrimental to the non-cognitive abilities of the left-behind children (LBCs). Therefore, parents should stay or move with their children instead of leaving them with relatives or grandparents. Furthermore, the government must concentrate on removing obstacles to education, especially for migrants, by undertaking initiatives like expanding the number of schools for LBCs and waiving tuition fees. Moreover, the government needs to take action to improve the lives of LBCs and find solutions to their problems. Lastly, the authorities need to promote economic change to create a more balanced economy.
A phenomenological analysis of droplet shock-induced cavitation using a multiphase modeling approach
Authors: Biasiori-Poulanges L. , Schmidmayer K.
Published: January 2023

Investigations of shock-induced cavitation within a droplet are highly challenged by the multiphase nature of the mechanisms involved. Within the context of heterogeneous nucleation, we introduce a thermodynamically well-posed multiphase numerical model accounting for phase compression and expansion, which relies on a finite pressure-relaxation rate formulation. We simulate (i) the spherical collapse of a bubble in a free field, (ii) the interaction of a cylindrical water droplet with a planar shock wave, and (iii) the high-speed impact of a gelatin droplet onto a solid surface. The determination of the finite pressure-relaxation rate is done by comparing the numerical results with the Keller–Miksis model, and the corresponding experiments of Sembian et al. and Field et al., respectively. For the latter two, the pressure-relaxation rate is found to be μ=3.5 and μ=0.5, respectively. Upon the validation of the determined pressure-relaxation rate, we run parametric simulations to elucidate the critical Mach number from which cavitation is likely to occur. Complementing simulations with a geometrical acoustic model, we provide a phenomenological description of the shock-induced cavitation within a droplet, as well as a discussion on the bubble-cloud growth effect on the droplet flow field. The usual prediction of the bubble cloud center, given in the literature, is eventually modified to account for the expansion wave magnitude.
Analysis of a stochastic HIV model with cell-to-cell transmission and Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process
Authors: Liu Qun
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we establish and analyze a stochastic human immunodeficiency virus model with both virus-to-cell and cell-to-cell transmissions and Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process, in which we suppose that the virus-to-cell infection rate and the cell-to-cell infection rate satisfy the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process. First, we validate that there exists a unique global solution to the stochastic model with any initial value. Then, we adopt a stochastic Lyapunov function technique to develop sufficient criteria for the existence of a stationary distribution of positive solutions to the stochastic system, which reflects the strong persistence of all CD4+ T cells and free viruses. In particular, under the same conditions as the existence of a stationary distribution, we obtain the specific form of the probability density around the quasi-chronic infection equilibrium of the stochastic system. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to validate these analytical results. Our results suggest that the methods used in this paper can be applied to study other viral infection models in which the infected CD4+ T cells are divided into latently infected and actively infected subgroups.
Correlation between non-ionizing energy loss and production rate of electron trap at EC − (0.12–0.20) eV formed in gallium nitride by various types of radiation
Authors: Aoshima Keito , Horita Masahiro , Suda Jun
Published: January 2023

Production rate (PR = trap concentration/incident fluence) of traps formed by energetic particles is important for predicting device degradation caused by radiation when developing radiation-resistant devices. We demonstrate a clear correlation between non-ionizing energy loss (NIEL) and PR of an electron trap at about 0.12–0.20 eV below the conduction band edge [EC − (0.12–0.20) eV] for various types of energetic particles in gallium nitride (GaN). NIEL values in GaN for electrons, protons, and α-rays were calculated using a screened-relativistic treatment, and NIEL values for gamma-rays were calculated by simulating slowed-down spectra due to shielding material. To obtain the PRs of the electron trap, 60Co gamma-rays with an average photon energy of 1.25 MeV and electron beams with energies from 137 keV to 2 MeV were irradiated onto n-type GaN Schottky barrier diodes. We measured the concentration of an electron trap at EC − (0.13–0.14) eV using deep-level transient spectroscopy. We also used the PRs of electron traps with similar energy levels of EC − (0.12–0.20) eV from previous studies on electrons, protons, and α-rays irradiated on GaN. All the trap PRs were proportional to the NIEL in a range of eight orders of magnitude, which confirms that the energy levels formed by various energetic particles have the same origin of being generated by atomic displacements. The obtained relationship coefficient between the NIEL and PRs of the trap is useful for predicting the degradation of GaN-based devices due to traps formed by various kinds of radiation.
General expression for the probability distribution function of electric field in a spatially inhomogeneous non-neutral plasma
Authors: Bronin S. Ya. , Vikhrov E. V. , Zelener B. B. , Zelener B. V.
Published: January 2023

We discuss the influence of micro- and macro-fields on spectral lines of ions as it takes place for spatially inhomogeneous plasma. A distribution function of an electric field is obtained. The function accounts for inhomogeneity and non-neutrality of plasma. The results of calculations of this function for various regimes are presented. Experimental results for ultracold plasma are used to compare theory with experiment. Dependence of the absorption coefficient on the function is shown. These results may be useful for diagnostics of various types of plasmas. One of the methods of plasma diagnostics is the analysis of the influence of its electric field on the shape of the spectral lines of atoms and ions (the Stark effect).
Growing fields in a temporal photonic (time) crystal with a square profile of the permittivity ε(t)
Authors: Gaxiola-Luna J. G. , Halevi P.
Published: January 2023

We investigate a band structure ω(k) of a photonic time crystal with periodic square (step) modulation in time of its permittivity ε(t), oscillating between the value ε1 (sustained for a fraction of time τ of the period) and the value ε2 [fraction (1 − τ)]. The strength of modulation is m=(ε1−ε2)/(ε1+ε2). We find that ω(k) can be periodic in a wave number k (in addition to the frequency ω), provided that a certain function f(m,τ) of the parameters m and τ is an irreducible rational number. However, even for arbitrary values of m and τ, f(m,τ) can be approximated by a fractional number to any desired degree of periodicity. Hence, for square modulation, a photonic band structure is necessarily periodic or quasi-periodic in the wave number. Moreover, for appropriate sets of the parameters m and τ, the modes associated with k values within the band gaps can have identical values of the imaginary part of ω. For simultaneous excitation of these modes, all the fields would grow in time at the same rate, resulting in powerful amplification.
Experimental footprints of a water-rich depletion layer in the Herschel–Bulkley pipe flow of solidifying polyelectrolytes
Authors: Nazari B. , Moghimi E. , Bousfield D. W.
Published: January 2023

A fundamental understanding of the transition from fluid-like to gel-like behavior is critical for a range of applications including personal care, pharmaceuticals, food products, batteries, painting, biomaterials, and concrete. The pipe flow behavior of a Herschel–Bulkley fluid is examined by a combination of rheology, ultrasound imaging velocimetry, and pressure measurements together with modeling. The system is a solution of 0.50 wt. % polyelectrolytes of sulfated polysaccharides in water that solidifies on cooling. Fluids with different ionic strengths were pumped at various rates from a reservoir at 80 °C into a pipe submerged in a bath maintained at 20 °C. The fluid velocity, pressure drop ΔP, and temperature were monitored. The same quantities were extracted by solving continuity, energy, and momentum equations. Moreover, the modeling results demonstrate that the local pressure gradient along the pipe dPdx|x is related to the local yield stress near the pipe wall τywall|x, which explains the variations of dPdx|x along the pipe. Experimental results show much lower values for ΔP compared to those from modeling. This discrepancy is exacerbated at higher ionic strengths and smaller flow rates, where fluid shows a higher degree of solidification. The tabulated experimental ΔP data against the solidification onset length Lonset (where the fluid is cool enough to solidify) along with the ultrasound imaging velocimetry associate these discrepancies between experiments and models to a depletion layer of ∼1 μm, reflecting the lubrication effects caused by the water layer at the wall.
Theory of rain–wind induced vibration of stay cables: Toward unsteady and fully coupled modeling
Authors: Gao Donglai , Duan Yanghao , Chen Changlong , Ning Zhichao , Chen Wen-Li , Li Hui
Published: January 2023

Large-amplitude rain–wind induced vibration (RWIV) is a complex fluid–structure interaction process that may develop if light rainfall and moderate wind act concurrently on long stay cables of a cable-stayed bridge. However, its dynamic characteristics and excitation mechanism are remained an open question. Recently, a theoretical framework for the analysis of RWIV was proposed, based on a quasi-steady-state approximation of the movement of upper rivulet, to reveal the main features of the dynamic process of RWIV. In the present study, we further consider the unsteady and dynamic behaviors of the moving upper rivulet and its coupling effects with the cable movement. The periodic mass, circumferential movement of the upper rivulet was modeled based on experimental observations. The theoretical results are then validated by comparison with experimental results. In addition, some parameters that influence RWIV are investigated in detail. The augmented theory in the present study gives a more accurate model and promotes more reliable evaluations of the dynamic behaviors of RWIV of stay cables.
The effect of water currents on wind drag – a case study of tidal currents and sea breeze in a semi-enclosed embayment
Authors: Thurgate S. M.
Published: January 2023

The details of how energy and momentum are exchanged at the interface between ocean surface and the atmosphere is complex and the subject of new and more complete models. The need to improve models of how wind interacts with oceans is driven in part by the growth of offshore wind farms, and the need to predict their likely performance. The geographic features of Shark Bay allow several of the factors affecting the influence of currents on wind speed to be separated and analysed. Shark Bay is the largest semi-enclosed embayment on the Australian coast. It is tidal and aligned north–south in the direction of the sea breeze. The prevailing southerly wind, and the absence of openings to the ocean in the south of the bay, limits the fetch of waves, providing waves of predictable age in the bay with an absence of longer wavelength swell. The sea breeze in this region is characterised among the strongest and most reliable anywhere in the world. Although the tide heights are not large, the geography of the bay ensures strong tidal currents. Hence Shark Bay provides an excellent opportunity to study the effects of currents on winds. This study demonstrates that the effects of the tidal current are apparent in the wind speed record. It shows that simply subtracting a 29-day running average of the particular time of day from the wind speed reveals the effect of an incoming or outgoing tide. Time-series analysis of this outcome shows the periodicity and modulation of the tides. The analysis is further improved through using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) code and subtracting its predictions from the raw data. Time-series analysis of the outcome demonstrates that the resultant difference has two diurnal and two semi-diurnal components with the correct periods and amplitudes of the known tidal variations in that region of Shark Bay. Hence the neglect of the interaction between water currents and wind stress is demonstrated to produce a systematic deviation in the predictions of the WRF from the measured wind values for Shark Bay.
Epidemic responses under uncertainty
Authors: Barnett Michael , Buchak Greg , Yannelis Constantine
Published: January 2023

We examine how policymakers react to a pandemic with uncertainty around key epidemiological and economic policy parameters by embedding a macroeconomic SIR model in a robust control framework. Uncertainty about disease virulence and severity leads to stricter and more persistent quarantines, while uncertainty about the economic costs of mitigation leads to less stringent quarantines. On net, an uncertainty-averse planner adopts stronger mitigation measures. Intuitively, the cost of underestimating the pandemic is out-of-control growth and permanent loss of life, while the cost of underestimating the economic consequences of quarantine is more transitory.
Perfect adaptation achieved by transport limitations governs the inorganic phosphate response in
S. cerevisiae
Authors: Ming Yip Hon , Cheng Shiyu , Olson Evan J. , Crone Michael , Maerkl Sebastian J.
Published: January 2023

Cells cope with and adapt to ever-changing environmental conditions. Sophisticated regulatory networks allow cells to adjust to these fluctuating environments. One such archetypal system is the
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Pho regulon. When external inorganic phosphate (
P

i

) concentration is low, the Pho regulon activates, expressing genes that scavenge external and internal
P

i

. However, the precise mechanism controlling this regulon remains elusive. We conducted a systems analysis of the Pho regulon on the single-cell level under well-controlled environmental conditions. This analysis identified a robust, perfectly adapted Pho regulon state in intermediate
P

i

conditions, and we identified an intermediate nuclear localization state of the transcriptional master regulator Pho4p. The existence of an intermediate nuclear Pho4p state unifies and resolves outstanding incongruities associated with the Pho regulon, explains the observed programmatic states of the Pho regulon, and improves our general understanding of how nature evolves and controls sophisticated gene regulatory networks. We further propose that robustness and perfect adaptation are not achieved through complex network-centric control but by simple transport biophysics. The ubiquity of multitransporter systems suggests that similar mechanisms could govern the function of other regulatory networks as well.
How pressure enhances the critical temperature of superconductivity in YBa
2
Cu
3
O

6+
y
Authors: Jurkutat Michael , Kattinger Carsten , Tsankov Stefan , Reznicek Richard , Erb Andreas , Haase Jürgen
Published: January 2023

High-temperature superconducting cuprates respond to doping with a dome-like dependence of their critical temperature (
T
c
). But the family-specific maximum
T
c
can be surpassed by application of pressure, a compelling observation known for decades. We investigate the phenomenon with high-pressure anvil cell NMR and measure the charge content at planar Cu and O, and with it the doping of the ubiquitous CuO
2
plane with atomic-scale resolution. We find that pressure increases the overall hole doping, as widely assumed, but when it enhances
T
c
above what can be achieved by doping, pressure leads to a hole redistribution favoring planar O. This is similar to the observation that the family-specific maximum
T
c
is higher for materials where the hole content at planar O is higher at the expense of that at planar Cu. The latter reflects dependence of the maximum
T
c
on the Cu–O bond covalence and the charge-transfer gap. The results presented here indicate that the pressure-induced enhancement of the maximum
T
c
points to the same mechanism.
Studies of Japanese as a second language and their contribution to Processability Theory
Authors: Kawaguchi Satomi
Published: January 2023

In the field of second language acquisition (SLA), Japanese has an important role to play. The typological characteristics of Japanese stand in clear contrast to Germanic and other European language families. These characteristics have contributed significantly to SLA, establishing cross-linguistic plausibility of developmental sequences in SLA theories, including Processability Theory (PT). This chapter surveys major studies in Japanese SLA over the last two decades, particularly those conducted within the PT framework, to account for the steps forward in understanding morphological and syntactic development of Japanese as a second language in adults, children, and bilingual first language acquisition. Furthermore, the aspects which lag and require further research effort are also discussed.
The development of lexical mapping in Chinese L2
Authors: Liu Bo , Di Biase Bruno , Kawaguchi Satomi
Published: January 2023

This study tests the applicability of the Lexical Mapping Hypothesis (LMH) to the L2 acquisition of Chinese syntax within a Processability Theory framework. The LMH makes testable predictions for L2 acquisition based on the mapping between argument-structure and functional-structure. Empirical evidence from typologically diverse languages for the LMH is not robust as yet and does not include any L2 Chinese empirical study so far. This study ventures to fill the gap by testing the LMH for the acquisition of Chinese L2. Data for this investigation comes from a one-year longitudinal study on the oral production by three adult beginning learners of L2 Chinese in a Chinese university. Results show that the observed acquisition sequence of the investigated structures was consistent with the hypothesized LMT-based processing hierarchy applied to Chinese L2. This study contributes empirical evidence for the LMH, and supports the hypothesized intermediate stage, i.e., ‘default mapping and additional argument’.
The bilingual development of plural marking in a Malay-English child
Authors: Mohamed Salleh Rabiah Tul Adawiyah , Di Biase Bruno , Kawaguchi Satomi
Published: January 2023

This study investigates the development of plural encoding in a Malay-English bilingual first language acquirer from a Processability Theory (PT) perspective. In Malay, plurality is encoded through reduplication, while English uses morphological inflection. The child’s oral production was collected weekly from age 3;4 to 3;10 using natural conversation and elicitation tasks in separate Malay and English sessions. Expressions for singular and plural contexts are analysed based on PT. Results suggest that pluralisation in each language followed PT, they add to the applicability of PT to bilingual first language acquisition (BFLA), and reveal some novel typological sequences. Cross-linguistic influences were found in plural encodings in each language. Also, a prosodic feature was, usefully, found to disambiguate between Malay ‘iteration’ (Lemma) and ‘reduplication’ (Category procedure).
Development of Japanese and English polar questions in bilingual first language acquisition
Authors: Itani-Adams Yuki , Di Biase Bruno
Published: January 2023

This chapter examines the development of polar questions, in English and Japanese in a bilingual child acquiring these two typologically different languages from birth in a one-parent-one-language environment in Australia. The three-year longitudinal data-set was collected from the time Haru, the informant, was one year and eleven months of age. Her polar questions began with the use of rising intonation in single or two-word utterances in both languages. Her development continued in language-specific ways resembling that of L1 development in each language, much in line with the Prominence Hypothesis. As well as supporting this Hypothesis and the universality of PT in a bilingual first language acquisition (BFLA) context the study highlights the importance of the two-word stage in child language development and proposes a Two-word stage for PT’s developmental schedule, intermediate between the lemma stage and the canonical order stage within the BFLA context.
Developmentally moderated focus on form in an Indonesian kindergarten EFL programme
Authors: Hardini Isriani , Di Biase Bruno , Kawaguchi Satomi , Reid Carol
Published: January 2023

This study investigates the effect of Developmentally Moderated Focus on Form (DMFonF) focusing on plural marking in English L2 in Indonesian kindergarten children. Before the study, these children learned English through a communicative programme. The study, designed within the Processability Theory framework, included a pre-test, DMFonF intervention, and post-test. Two kindergarten classes, K1 (first-year, n = 10) and K2 (second-year, n = 10), participated in the study. At pre-test, all children were at the single-word stage. That was after K1 children learned English for one semester and K2 for three semesters. After the one semester-DMFonF intervention, all children acquired lexical plural marking, and most of them also acquired phrasal plural agreement. This finding suggests that DMFonF is effective in promoting early L2 grammatical development.
The acquisition of polar questions in Chinese learners of English as a foreign language
Authors: Li Ran , Jansen Louise M.
Published: January 2023

This chapter investigates the acquisition of English polar questions in a cross-sectional study of nine Chinese junior high school learners acquiring English as a Foreign Language in Inner Mongolia (China). Conducted within a Processability Theory framework, in particular the recently proposed Prominence Hypothesis, the study focuses on analytical issues, presenting a descriptive account of the structures learners produce when asking polar questions. These include intonation questions with canonical word order, the use of single and multi-word question markers, prefabricated patterns, and questions with non-canonical word order. Results are consistent, overall, with the predictive schedule for ESL/EFL as formulated in the Prominence Hypothesis. However, the data also contains questions consisting of a prefabricated pattern followed by a noun phrase, which do not fit either with the Lemma access stage or the Canonical word order stage. The authors argue that this type of question represents a separate stage between these two early stages.
Testing the validity of Processability Theory through a corpus-based analysis
Authors: Yamaguchi Yumiko , Usami Hiroko
Published: January 2023

This chapter presents part of the results of a learner corpus study to test the validity of Processability Theory (PT; Pienemann, 1998, 2005). It also addresses the issues of whether second language (L2) learners are at the same PT stages for speaking and writing. The results of the analysis of spoken and written narratives by 281 Japanese learners, focusing on the acquisition of the English plural marker ‑s on nouns, have demonstrated support for the hypothesised developmental sequence for English morphology in PT. In addition, a positive relationship has been found between the learners’ spoken and written production, suggesting that PT can legitimately be used to examine L2 writing as well as speaking.
Effect of pre-recovery annealing on recrystallisation behaviour of strip-cast non-oriented electrical steel
Authors: Jiao Hai-tao , Xie Xin-xiang , Wu Wensheng , Zhao Long-zhi , Hu Yong , Liu De-jia , Tang Yan-chuan , Zhao Ming-juan
Published: January 2023

In order to improve the {100} recrystallisation texture of non-oriented electrical steel, a pre-recovery annealing process was proposed to regulate recrystallisation behaviour of {100} grains by altering the structure and stored energy of deformed microstructure. Pre-annealing was conducted at 500°C for 0–90 min. The microstructural and textural evolution was carried out by optical microscopy, electron backscattered diffraction and X-ray diffraction analysis. The results indicate that the pre-recovery annealing promotes the formation of large {100} recrystallised grains. With the prolongation of pre-annealing time, the {100} recrystallisation texture expands from Cube to the vicinity of {001}<130>-{001}<110>, and the volume fraction gradually increases. In addition, the changes of recrystallised microstructure are discussed on the basis of strain-induced boundary migration.
Controlled quantized adiabatic transport in a superlattice Wannier-Stark ladder
Authors: Unanyan R G , Vitanov N V , Fleischhauer M
Published: January 2023

The Born–Fock theorem is one of the most fundamental theorems of quantum mechanics and forms the basis for reliable and efficient navigation in the Hilbert space of a quantum system with a time-dependent Hamiltonian by adiabatic evolution. In the absence of level crossings, i.e. without degeneracies, and under adiabatic time evolution all eigenstates of the Hamiltonian keep their energetic order, labeled by a conserved integer quantum number. Thus, controlling the eigenstates of the Hamiltonian and their energetic order in asymptotic limits allows one to engineer a perfect adiabatic transfer between a large number of initial and target states. The fidelity of the state transfer is only limited by adiabaticity and the selection of target states is controlled by the integer invariant labeling the order of eigenstates. We show here, for the example of a finite superlattice Wannier-Stark ladder, i.e. a one-dimensional lattice with alternating hopping amplitudes and constant potential gradient, that such an adiabatic control of eigenstates can be used to induce perfectly quantized single-particle transport across a pre-determined number of lattice sites. We dedicate this paper to the memory of our late friend and colleague Bruce Shore, who was an expert in adiabatic processes and taught us much about this field.
Operating principles of zero-bias retinomorphic sensors
Authors: Labram John G
Published: January 2023

Zero bias retinomorphic sensors (ZBRSs) are a new type of optical sensor which produce a signal in response to changes in light intensity, but not to constant illumination. For this reason, they are hoped to enable much faster identification of moving objects than conventional sensing strategies. While recent proof-of-principle demonstrations are significant, there does not yet exist a robust quantitative model for their behaviour, which represents an impediment for effective progress to be made in this field. Here I report a mathematical framework to quantify and predict the behaviour of ZRBSs. A simple device-level model and a more detailed carrier-dynamics model are derived. Both models are tested computationally, yielding equivalent behaviour consistent with experimental observations. A figure of merit,

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, was identified which is hoped to enable facile comparison of devices between different research groups. This work is hoped to serve as the foundation for a consistent description of ZBRSs.
Remaining useful life prediction of bearings based on self-attention mechanism, multi-scale dilated causal convolution, and temporal convolution network
Authors: Wei Hao , Zhang Qinghua , Gu Yu
Published: January 2023

Effective remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of bearings is essential for the predictive maintenance of rotating machinery. However, the effectiveness of many existing RUL prediction methods depends on expert experience and signal processing algorithms, which limiting the application of these methods in real-life scenarios. This study proposes a novel end-to-end deep learning framework consisting of a multi-scale attention-based dilated causal convolutional (MADCC) module and a multi-layer temporal convolutional network (MTCN) to predict the RUL of bearings using raw vibration data. First, the MADCC module extracts multi-scale temporal features of the bearing degradation process (BDP) and provides fused feature vectors (FFVs) containing comprehensive BDP information for the MTCN module. Subsequently, the MTCN module mines deep temporal dependencies hidden in the FFV to predict the RUL of bearings. Ablation experiments are conducted to analyze the contribution of the framework’s components. Three evaluation metrics (root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and coefficient of determination (R
2)) are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed framework and other state-of-the-art methods on two public bearing datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed framework achieves the lowest RMSE and MAE and the highest R
2, demonstrating excellent performance and potential for RUL prediction of bearings.
Improving GNSS positioning performance of Android smart devices by a novel pseudorange correction method
Authors: Li Wanqing , Song Jiangbo , Li Junzhi , Zhu Xiangwei
Published: January 2023

To achieve high-precision global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning of smart devices, it is necessary to correct the pseudorange measurements, especially to reduce time-related errors. Traditional pseudorange smoothing methods fail to cope with measurement anomalies and do not consider the time correlation. Therefore, a time-correlated pseudorange correction (TCPC) method is proposed. The Mann-Kendall trend test and breakpoint detection are used to address data anomalies and pseudorange errors are estimated with an adaptive smoothing method. Using the proposed method, the GNSS receivers can improve the pseudorange accuracy and availability for better single-point positioning performance. The positioning errors are reduced by 10%–45% for different GNSS receivers. Moreover, the circular antenna motion mechanism is used to reduce the measurement correlation and enhance observability. Using the TCPC method in the smartphone antenna motion case, the improvement rates of positioning accuracies are 43%–76% and the horizontal positioning accuracy is improved from meter level to decimeter level.
Real-time detection method for welding parts completeness based on improved YOLOX in a digital twin environment
Authors: Li Hao , Yan Xinyu , Zhang Yuyan , Liu Gen , Zhai Zhongshang , Wang Xiaocong , Wang Haoqi , Wen Xiaoyu , Liu Yan , Zhang Guoshang , Wei Shizhong
Published: January 2023

Detection of the completeness of welding parts for automotive body-in-white welding relies mainly on both artificial and sensor detection. Due to a lack of intelligent methods, it is difficult to achieve accurate detection. This paper presents a new intelligent detection method based on improved YOLOX in a digital twin (DT) environment. Firstly, to address the problem of insufficient real samples, virtual datasets are made to increase data volume by using DT technology and realize the fusion of virtuality and reality. Secondly, an improved MobileNetv1 network is designed as the feature extraction network for YOLOX. Additionally, the original convolution is replaced by depthwise separable convolution blocks for reducing computational burden and improving detection speed. Experimental results show that the number of parameters is 59.1% less than that of the original model and the detection speed is increased from 36 to 50 frames s–1. Meanwhile, mean average precision increases by 1.42% and 2.76%, respectively, under two different overlaps.