bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patinar a l’escola, una pràctica esportiva, divertida i funcional
Authors: Florenza Satorres Patrícia
Published: February 2016

Dins de l’àrea d’Educació Física té cabuda un ventall ampli i variat de possibilitats fisicoesportives per dotar el nostre alumnat d’un bagatge motor tan diversificat com sigui possible. Si a més els coneixements i aprenentatges que adquireixen poden ser pràctics i funcionals, podrem augmentar les possibilitats esportives que duguin a terme dins i fora de l’horari escolar. Com a conseqüència, milloraran els hàbits saludables de tota la comunitat educativa. El patinatge i l’hoquei patins adaptat són unes activitats motrius divertides, funcionals i saludables que han engrescat petits i grans.
Converses amb Enric Valls Giménez
Authors: Pons i Altés Josep Maria
Published: February 2016

Enric Valls Giménez és  Llicenciat en Filosofia i Lletres, Llicenciat en Història Moderna i Contemporània i de Doctor en Psicologia.  Va exercir com a professor d’EGB i de batxillerat. Des de 1976 fins al setembre de 2015 ha estat professor universitari, a l’Escola de Mestres de Tarragona i a la Facultat de Ciències de l’Educació i Psicologia de la URV.
Preparation of deionized glyoxal v1
Authors: Valach Matus
Published: February 2016

A briefprotocol for the preparation of glyoxal used in glyoxal/borate and RNase T1-based detection of inosine residues in RNAs.
Affirmative Action: An Overview of the History of Resistance, Struggle and Achievements of the Black Population in the Brazilian Context
Authors: Gouvea Bellini Daniela Mara , De Lima Constantino Francisca
Published: February 2016

This article seeks to present a reflection on affirmative actions that are characterized as public policies aimed at minority groups. On this perspective, we will make a cutting in the racial inequalities between blacks and whites in the Brazilian context, for the disparities between these groups are not marked only by social class, but also by the ambiguous racism that prevails in the country. Thereby, we seek to make the complaint of racial inequality in Brazil, as well as the announcement of answers achieved by the struggle of the black population, personified on the black movement and in actions in favor of black men and women who historically lived on the margins of society. In this sense, we organized the paper into three parts, plus the introduction and closing remarks. First, we present a brief historical and social context of race relations in Brazil. Then, we speak of about the steps and achievements of the black movement in the country. Finally, we highlight the affirmative action adopted for the benefit of black people, especially in the educational field, like the quota system in universities.
Revista nº 11
Authors: Direito Revista
Published: February 2016

Revista Direito, Estado e Sociedade
Revista nº 12
Authors: Direito Revista
Published: February 2016

Revista Direito, Estado e Sociedade
Revista nº 15
Authors: Direito Revista
Published: February 2016

Revista Direito, Estado e Sociedade
Revista nº 24
Authors: Direito Revista
Published: February 2016

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O Supremo Tribunal Federal e o Argumento de Direito Constitucional Comparado: Uma Leitura Empírica a partir dos Casos de Liberdade de Expressão no Brasil / The Supreme Court and the Comparative Constitutional Law's Argument: An Empirical Reading from the Cases of Freedom of Expression in Brasil
Authors: Lois Cecilia Caballero , Marques Gabriel Lima
Published: February 2016

Resumo: O presente artigo tem por escopo verificar empiricamente quais são as peculiaridades que envolvem o uso do argumento de direito constitucional comparado no Supremo Tribunal Federal. Para tanto, valendo-se da coleta de dados obtidos a partir de um estudo de casos pertencentes à jurisprudência do Supremo, nos quais a liberdade de expressão constava como matéria em debate, serão apresentadas as características quantitativas e qualitativas que permeiam tal práxis. A partir daí, consoante à leitura dos acórdãos e desempenhadas as devidas considerações com fulcro em instrumental bibliográfico específico, será traçado um perfil da corte constitucional brasileira no particular do mencionado exercício, onde serão por fim fornecidas as conclusões que apontam para um uso em geral, descontextualizado e carente de metodologiaPalavras-chave: Direito Constitucional; Direito Comparado; Suprema CorteAbstract: This article has for scope, verify empirically which are the peculiarities that involves the use of comparative constitutional law's argument in Brazilian Supreme Court. To achieve this, using a set of data obtained from a cases study that belongs to the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court, and in which ones the freedom of expression consisted as a matter for debate, will be presented the quantitative and qualitative characteristics that permeate this practice. From there, according with the reading of the judgments and performed the appropriate considerations with fulcrum in a specific bibliographic instrumental, we will in the end, trace a profile of the Brazilian constitutional court in this sense, and present the findings that pointing to an use in general, decontextualized and with a lacking of methodology.Keywords: Constitutional Law; Comparative Law; Supreme Court
Pluralismo Jurídico Clássico: A Contribuição de Ehrlich, Santi Romano e Gurvitch / Classic Legal Pluralism: The Contribution of Ehrlich, Gurvitch, and Santi Romano
Authors: Vieira Reginaldo Souza
Published: February 2016

Resumo: Este artigo, a partir de reflexões da Teoria do Direito, tem por objetivo o estudo do Pluralismo Jurídico Clássico. A pesquisa restou delimitada pela construção teórica de Eugen Ehrlich, Santi Romano e Georges Gurvitch. Na primeira seção do texto, trata-se da concepção de direito vivo de Ehrlich, fulcrado na negação do Estado como única fonte do direito. Na seção seguinte, tendo por base Romano, analisa-se o seu conceito de instituição e da teoria da pluralidade dos ordenamentos jurídicos. Por fim, na última seção, discorre-se sobre o pluralismo jurídico de Gurvitch, com destaque para a teoria dos fatos normativos; a construção de direito social; e o direito social condensado.Palavras-chave: Pluralismo jurídico; Direito vivo; Teoria da pluralidade dos ordenamentos jurídicos; Direito social condensado.Abstract: This article, based on reflections of the Theory of Law, aims to study the Legal Pluralism Classic. The research remains bounded in the theoretical construction of Eugen Ehrlich, Santi Romano and Georges Gurvitch. In the first section of the text, it is the conception of living law Ehrlich, fulcrado in denial of the State as the sole source of law . In the following section, with the Roman basis, we analyze the concept of institution and the theory of plurality of legal systems. Finally, the last section, it talks about the legal pluralism of Gurvitch , especially the theory of normative facts , the construction of social law , social law and condensate.Keywords: Legal Pluralism; living law; Theory of the plurality of legal systems; condensed social law.
A Crítica de Dworkin ao Convencionalismo e sua Relevância: Um Esquema de Crítica Conceitual / Dworkin's Criticism of Conventionalism and Its Relevance: A Conceptual Criticism Scheme
Authors: Macedo Jr Ronaldo Porto
Published: February 2016

Resumo: O trabalho apresenta um esquema conceitual da crítica formulada por Dworkin ao convencionalismo jurídico e seus impactos para a correta descrição do conceito de direito e da compreensão da natureza dos nossos desacordos jurídicos. Depois de definir os significados de convenção, convencionalismo e do convencionalismo jurídico é apresentada a sua relevância para a determinação de uma concepção positivista de direito apoiada na tese de que este de funda exclusivamente em fontes diretamente sociais. Em seguida, são apresentados casos paradigmáticos de desacordos teóricos que não são adequadamente explicados por uma teoria jurídica comprometida com o convencionalismo jurídico. Com base neles é apresentado um esquema conceitual geral e provisório para a compreensão da critica que Dworkin formula ao convencionalismo jurídico, salientando-se como ela se fundamenta numa análise da gramática lógica pressuposta em desacordos teóricos comuns em nossa prática jurídica. Por fim, o texto indica que o convencionalismo jurídico não foi capaz de responder ao desafio dworkiniano na medida em que não considerou corretamente o tipo de desacordo teórico que estava em questão em casos centrais das práticas jurídicas.Palavras-chave: Positivismo jurídico; Convencionalismo jurídico; Interpretativismo.Abstract: The essay presents a conceptual scheme of the criticism made by Ronald Dworkin to legal conventionalism and its relevance for an accurate description of the law and the correct understanding of the nature of legal disagreement. After defining the concepts of convention, conventionalism and legal conventionalism it shows its connection to a positivist conception of law based on the exclusive social grounds of law. It offers shows how some paradigmatic cases of theoretical disagreements are not adequately explained by a legal theory committed with legal conventionalism. Based on these cases the text offers a general and preliminary conceptual scheme to understand Dworkin's criticism of legal conventionalism. Dworkin's approach is grounded on the analysis of the logical grammar presupposed by theoretical disagreement common in ordinary legal practice. Finally the essay points to the fact that legal conventionalism failed to cope with the Dworkinian challenge since it could not rightly take in consideration the kind of theoretical disagreements that are at stake in pivotal cases of legal practice.Keywords: Legal positivism; Legal conventionalism; Interpretativism.
Revista Direito, Estado e Sociedade
Authors: Direito Estado e Sociedade Revista
Published: February 2016

Revista Direito, Estado e Sociedade
Revista nº 05
Authors: Direito Revista
Published: February 2016

Revista Direito, Estado e Sociedade
Sistema de Recomendación para la Búsqueda Personalizada en un Repositorio de Trabajos de Titulación
Authors: Nava Rodrigo Vences , Menéndez Domínguez Víctor Hugo , Zapata González Alfredo
Published: February 2016

La producción académica de estudiantes en una institución educativa reúne resultados de investigaciones actuales y originales de diversas temáticas. Hoy en día podemos encontrar repositorios de tesis digitales en Internet disponibles para su consulta. Se han hecho esfuerzos por estandarizar dichos repositorios para establecer interoperabilidad entre diferentes instituciones; Sin embargo estos esfuerzos se centran más en la recuperación de información que en la recomendación de contenido. El modelo que se propone es una solución para la búsqueda, recuperación y recomendación de trabajos de titulación en una institución educativa, personalizando la recuperación de información utilizando filtrados por contenido y colaborativo. El sistema de recomendación resultante, producto de esta investigación, se espera facilite el acceso de forma particular a los trabajos de titulación del área de ciencias sociales tanto a profesores como estudiantes permitiendo realizar consultas sobre temas específicos, recuperando la información solicitada y personalizándola de acuerdo al perfil de usuario construido con base en su interacción con el sistema.
Caracterización del trauma pediátrico en un hospital militar de la ciudad de Bogotá
Authors: Wilches Bornacellt Laura , Barbosa Álvarez Adriana Carolina , Flórez Jorge , Cogollos Amaya Álvaro , Flórez Medina Gloria
Published: February 2016

Objetivos: Describir las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de los pacientes entre 0 y 15 años de edad hospitalizados en el 2011 por trauma Pediátrico en el Hospital Militar Central.

Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo descriptivo en los pacientes pediátricos del Hospital Militar Central de Bogotá, comprendido entre el 1 de enero de 2.011 y 31 de diciembre de 2.011. De un total de 1277 hospitalizados por trauma se tomaron 92 pacientes con edades comprendidas entre los 0 y 15 años de edad, de los cuales precisaron ser ingresados 81 y se incluyeron en la base de datos; con el fin de describir las características epidemiológicas de este grupo de pacientes, determinar la severidad del trauma, y si estuvo relacionado con mortalidad; así como la época del año y el horario con más prevalencia de trauma de la población estudio.

Resultados: Se encontró un predominio de trauma en los varones en una relación 1.45:1 siendo el grupo de edad comprendido entre los 11- 15 años el más frecuente, con un total de 21 pacientes (26%). El 71.6% (58 casos) de los ingresos tuvieron un índice de trauma pediátrico de 8 o superior. No encontramos mortalidad asociada al trauma en la casuística estudiada.

Conclusiones: El estudio permitió conocer los aspectos sociodemográficos y clínicos de la población pediátrica que se trata en el Hospital Militar Central, y los puntos a intervenir en la institución con el fin de prestar una atención de calidad en la asistencia hospitalaria; así como los posibles factores pronósticos precoces para disminuir la prevalencia de dicha patología.
Diplejia facial una variante del síndrome de Guillain Barre
Authors: Vargas Juliana , Niebles Carlos
Published: February 2016

El Síndrome de Guillain Barre es una polineuropatía autoinmune que causa desmielinización motora y sensitiva, frecuentemente con antecedente de una infección. El diagnóstico se realiza mediante sospecha clínica, aunque el líquido cefalorraquídeo y estudios electrodiagnósticos ayudan a soportarlo.

El Médico debe estar familiarizado con las variantes clínicas tales como la diplejía facial para hacer un diagnóstico preciso. La inmunoglobulina intravenosa y la plasmaferesis son tratamientos eficaces. El cuidado de soporte durante y después de la hospitalización es crucial.
What it Means to be an International Journal
Authors: Kloda Lorie A.
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
The System of Divine Manifestation in The Ibn ‘Arabian School of Thought
Authors: Fazeli Seyyed Ahmad
Published: February 2016

One of the fundamental problems of Theoretical Mysticism is the explanation of the world as being something other than God after having accepted the Unity of Existence. This paper seeks to present, after having explained certain necessary premises, the theory of manifestation as one that can explain and analyze multiplicity.

In this article we especially seek to solidify the relation of such claims to mystics in general and to the adherents of the Ibn ‘Arabian school of thought in particular. This is especially important because in some of the works of many specialists in this ﬁeld we ﬁnd that some unrealistic claims have been deﬁnitively attributed in to the Great Sheikh. The only way to counteract such false claims, in any ﬁeld, including Theoretical Mysticism, is to make it binding upon ourselves to delve into the views of others in a cautious way. We must take the apparent meanings of the sayings of the mystics as a proof in this matter. Therefore the method of research of the writer of this article is to relate the sayings of the Great Sheikh and his commentators while commentating upon and analyzing them as well.

 
Selubung Misteri Manusia Mencari Solusi
Authors: Muslimin Muslimin
Published: February 2016

Sejak pertama kali mendelikkan matanya di dunia, manusia telah
memiliki kemampuan dan rasa ingin tahu yang kuat untuk menyelesaian
persoalan-persoalan yang dihadapinya. Itulah sebabnya pada gilirannya manusia mampu melahirkan sains-sains besar, seperti fisika, etika,
matematika, epistemologi, ontologi, teologi, dan metafisika yang menjadi
fondasi terkuat kebudayaan umat manusia saat ini. Dengan ide brilian, jernih, dan menawan manusia berhasil menemukan jalan menuju kebaikan, kebahagiaan, dan kebenaran.
Kewalian Dalam Tasawuf Nusantara
Authors: Ali Yunasril
Published: February 2016

Abstract : This article discusses the doctrine of Sainthood (al-walāyah) which has a strong basis in the Qur’an and adīth and it has been elaborated systematically through Ibn ‘Arabi’s vast and complex teachings. While in the study of Suﬁsm in the archipelago, the term saint (walī) has been known along with the spread of Islam began in the archipelago, and it refers to two meanings; as the person who has the occulties as the implications of the sanctity and walī as the ruler of a particular region. Regardless the definition and scope, the true doctrine of sainthood can not be separated from the teaching of the prophetic and apostolic message which implies the human world is not only the physical realm, but there is a metaphysical world that has not been known to human and from which the physical world is controlled.

Keywords : saint (walī), miracles, Muhammadan light (Nūr Muhammadi), sainthood, prophethood, seal of the saint

 

Abstrak : Artikel ini mendiskusikan dokrin Kewalian (al-walāyah) yang mempunyai basis yang kuat dalam al-Qur’an dan hadis dan isu ini secara sistematis dibahas melalui ajaran Ibn ‘Arabi yang kompleks. Sementara dalam kajian tasawuf di Nusantara, sebutan wali ini sudah mulai dikenal bersamaan dengan masuknya Islam ke negeri ini yang mengacu kepada dua pengertian, wali sebagai orang yang memiliki kesaktian-kesaktian (occulties) sebagai implikasi dari kekeramatan dan wali sebagai penguasa wilayah tertentu. Terlepas dari pengertian dan cakupannya, ajaran kewalian yang sesungguhnya tidak lepas dari ajaran tentang kenabian dan kerasulan yang menyiratkan pesan bahwa dunia manusia bukan hanya dunia material yang identik dengan kenikmatan hedonis, tetapi di balik dunia ﬁsik terdapat dunia metaﬁsik yang belum banyak diketahui manusia dan dari sanalah dunia ﬁsik ini dikendalikan.

Kata-kata Kunci : wali, karamah, Nur Muhammad, kewalian, kenabian, penutup para wali.
Concerning Ibn 'Arabi’s Account of Knowlegde of God (Ma’rifa) Al Haqq
Authors: Herawati Andi
Published: February 2016

Abstrak : Tulisan ini mencoba untuk mengungkapkan  konsep makrifat yang dikembangkan oleh Ibn 'Arabi (w. 1260), khususnya dalam magnum opusnya, Fushiish  al-Hikam, karya akhir yang dianggap sintesis doktrin  metafisikanya yang diwakili melalui kebijaksanaan setiap nabi; keunikan mereka diilhami secara ilahi dan lambang  persepsi spiritual mereka, mengenai pengetahuan tentang Tuhan. Tulisan ini juga menunjukkkan bagaimana peran transformatif dari pesan para nabi selalu melibatkan proses kreatif dalam dialog ilahi-manusia, seruan dan respon, sebagaimana yang berulang kali disebutkan dalam al-Qur'an. Ibn 'Arabi menekankan pentingnya memahami hubungan langsung antara semua ciptaan dan Nama-nama  ilahi dan Sifat (al­ asma' wa-l-sifat al-ilahiyyahi), antara penciptaan sebagai manifestasi lahiriah dan kesadaran sebagai spiritual batin (ruh). Segala sesuatu yang ada dan dialami pada kenyataannya adalah manifestasi (tajallz) dari Nama-nama ilahi yang berbeda.

Kata kunci : Makrifat, tanda-tanda, diri, kalimat, nabi, entitas permanen, manifestasi diri (tajalli). 

Abstract : This paper tries to reveal the concept of ma 'rifa developed by Ibn al-'Arabi (d. 1260), especially in his magnum opus, Fusiis al-Hikam, the late work considered to be the synthesis of his doctrine of metaphysics represented through the wisdom of each prophet; their uniqueness of divinely inspired and their epitome of spiritual perception, concerning the knowledge of God. It shows the transformative role of the prophet's messages involving in the  deeper creative process of divine-human dialogue, calling and response, that is repeatedly mentioned in the Qur’an. Ibn ‘Arabi emphasized the importance of perceiving the direct relationship between all of creation and the divine Names and Attributes (al-asmā’ wa-l-sifāt al-ilāhiyyah), between creation as outward manifestation and as inward spiritual awareness (rūh). Everything that exists and is experienced in reality is the manifestation (tajallī) of different divine Names.

Keywords : Ma’rifa, signs, self, words, prophet, immutable archetypal individual entity (‘ayn thābita), divine self-manifestation (tajalli).
Usulan a. Macintyre Kembali ke Etika Keutamaan : Sebuah Solusi atau Nostalgia Belaka?
Authors: Sudarminta J.
Published: February 2016

Abtract : As an alternative to the impasse of the modern-enlightenment project in ethics, Alasdair MacIntyre suggests to recourse to virtue-ethics. This article will present first, what MacIntyre means by the modern-enlightenment project in ethics, secondly, his critique of that project, especially his arguments why such ethics is bound to fail. Thirdly, why, according to him, developing virtue-ethics, somewhat like the Aristotelian-Thomistic model, will provide a solution to the impasse. Finally, I would like to make a short evaluation of MacIntyre’s suggestion by focusing on the question whether his suggestion to recourse to virtue-ethics is just a nostalgia to the past as criticized by Ross Poole. I will argue in this article that, despite MacIntyre’s failure to give concrete examples of good modern ethical communities that live out his model of virtue-ethics, as Poole has rightly pointed out, as long as human being can still agree on certain basic human values upon which global ethics of virtue can be built, MacIntyre’s suggestion is not simply a nostalgic recourse to the past as Ross Poole believes. MacIntyre’s recourse to virtue-ethics can indeed provide solution to overcome the danger of moral nihilism looming over the modern-enlightenment project and it can also provide reasonable ground for living ethically.

Keywords : Ethics of virtue, Modern-enlightenment project, Nostalgia, Solution, Rational ground, Nihilism.

 

Abstrak : Sebagai usulan guna mengatasi kegagalan di bidang  etika proyek modern-pencerahan, Alasdair MacIntyre menawarkan ajakan untuk kembali ke etika keutamaan. Tulisan ini pertama-tama bermaksud menjelaskan apa yang ia maksudkan dengan proyek modern-perncerahan, khususnya di bidang etika dan mengapa proyek seperti itu, menurut MacIntyre, niscaya gagal. Kemudian akan dikaji mengapa baginya membuat langkah kembali ke etika keutamaan model Aristoteles dan Thomas Aquinas akan dapat mengatasi kegagalan tersebut. Akhirnya, sebuah evaluasi singkat terhadap usulan MacIntyre akan diberikan. Dalam artikel ini akan ditunjukkan bahwa, lepas dari kegagalan MacIntyre untuk memberikan contoh kongkret komunitas etis modern yang mengayati etika keutamaan yang ia cita-citakan, sebagaimana telah dengan tepat ditunjukkan oleh Poole, asalkan umat manusia, sampai batas tertentu, masih dapat  menyepakati adanya nilai-nilai dasar kemanusiaan atas dasar mana sebuah etika keutamaan yang berisfat global dapat dibangun, usulan MacIntyre untuk kembali ke etika keutamaan, bukanlah sekedar suatu bentuk nostalgia ke masa lalu seperti dikemukakan oleh Ross Poole dalam kritiknya. Usulan itu sesungguhnya memang dapat memberi jalan keluar mengatasi bahaya nihilisme moral yang membayangi proyek etika modern-pencerahan serta dapat memberi dasar yang masuk akal untuk hidup secara etis.
Kata Kunci : Etika keutamaan, Proyek pencerahan modern,  Nostalgia, Solusi, Landasan rasional, Nihilisme.
النظرة المعرفية للوجود في العرفان
Authors: Abbacy Abdul Aziz
Published: February 2016

Abstract : Knowledge of the universe is one of the three necessary types of knowledge, i.e.: knowledge of God, knowledge of the Soul and knowledge of the universe. Most of the time we refer to it as (Mabdaa) or the Origin; how the world is created. Or what is known in theology as Creation ex nihilo: where creatures are distinct from their creator who is the First Cause, or in illuminative philosophy as Emanation where creatures pre-existed within the essence of their origin  by  flowing as a consequence of perfection. So we are confronted  with different theories about the universe where so some views will underlie oneness of being while others multiplicity, and in both case we need to explain and justify any resulting theory. So the purpose of this article is to provide a concise explanation about the knowledge related to the universe and tries to justify the claimed oneness of Being in mysticism.

Keywords : knowledge of the universe, Essence, names and attributes, fixed entities, oneness, multiplicity
Pemikiran Filosofis Sadra Dalam Tafsir Al-Qur’an Al-Karim : Surah Al-’A‘la
Authors: Kerwanto Kerwanto
Published: February 2016

Abstrak : Dalam tafsir atas Surah al-’A‘lā, Mulla Sadra, melalui karyanya Tafsīr al Qur’ān al-Karīm, mengajak jiwa kita berpetualang menuju lapisan makna terdalam untuk mengenali realitas ketauhidan (al- mabdā’), kenabian (shirāth atau nubuwwah) dan kebangkitan (ma‘ād) dan mengulasnya secara filosofis. Penelitian ini merupakan suatu upaya untuk menggali manfaat dari aspek-aspek penting dari sumber-sumber keagamaan yang tergali dari petunjuk al Qur’an yang berpadu dengan prinsip- prinsip rasional filosofis dan pengalaman mistik (intuitif ) Sadra. Setiap bab pada tafsir ini diberikan judul dengan tasbīḥ (pernyataan pemujian dan pensucian), dengan tetap memaparkan beragam pokok persoalan terkait metafisika al-Qur’an. Prinsip-prinsip filosofis yang digunakan dalam risalah tafsir ini bisa menjadi salah satu bukti ketidakberjarakan antara filsafat dengan teks-teks keagamaan. Sadra menggunakan metode tafsir yang tetap menerima sisi lahiriah al-Qur’an, dan selanjutnya mencari misteri-misteri, rahasia-rahasia, dan dengan bantuan intelek (akal), intuisi dan iluminasi Tuhan untuk memperoleh realitas-realitas dan makna- makna dibalik selaput ekternalnya (aspek literalnya)

Kata kunci : Ḥikmah Muta’āliyah, irfan, al-mabdā’, kebangkitan setelah mati, nubuwwah, takwīl, gerak substansial (ḥarakah jawhariyyah), denotasi utama (al-maqshūd al-ashlī), penyempurnaan diri (takammul), tasbīḥ.

 

Abstract : In his commentary on Surah al-’ A‘lā, Mulla Sadra, through his Tafsīr al-Qur’ān al-Karīm invites our souls to ventureinto the deepest layers of meaning to recognize the reality of Divinity (al- mabdā’), prophethood (Ṣirāṭ or nubuwwah) and resurrection (ma‘ād) and discusses it in a more philosophical manner. This study is an attempt to explore the benefits of these important aspects of religious sources unearthed from Qur’anic injunctions combined with rational principles of philosophical and mystical experiences (intuitive) of Sadra. Each chapter in this commentary is assigned a title with tasbīḥ (glorification), while presenting various issues related to metaphysics of Qur’an.Thephilosophical principles used in the interpretation of this treatise could be a proof of harmony between philosophy and religious texts. This kind of interpretation accepts the literal meaning (ẓāhir) of lafaẓ al Qur’ān, and then with the aid of reason, intuition and revelation uncover the reality behind them; the search for the secrets behind the literal sense.

Keywords : Ḥikmah Muta’āliyah, irfān,  al-mabdā’, ma‘ād, nubuwwah, ta’wīl, substantial motion (ḥarakah jawhariyyah), original meaning (al-maqṣūd al-aṣlī), perfection (takammul), tasbīḥ.
Automatic Kick Detection Method and Preliminary Results
Authors: Ibarra Mauricio , Medina Jonatan , Romero Cristian , Bogino Denis , Krasuk Raúl , Horowitz Gabriel
Published: February 2016

An automatic kick detection software was developed to support the drilling operation in YPF's unconventional play. The software was tested off-line in seven wells. Of the 18 cases of kick occurred, 17 were correctly detected. This corresponds to an effectiveness of 94%. The false alarm frequency was of one per well drilled. This false alarm rate does not seem to undermine the reliability of the method. Although these results were obtained in only seven wells, they can be considered as promising.
Managed Pressure, Deep Water Drilling, and Logging Under Continuous Reservoir Cross Flow Conditions - A Case History
Authors: Haq Inam , Spriggs Paul , Buyers Gary , Burton Dave , Ignacio Garate Rafael , Amarilla Paez Sebastian , Gomes Joseph
Published: February 2016

Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) and wireline logging under pressure were both successfully employed while drilling a pre salt, exploration well offshore Angola. The well was drilled with a 6th generation drillship using an integrated, Below Tension Ring (BTR) MPD package with the drilling contractor's Riser Gas Handler (RGH). Drilling exploration wells in pre-salt formations presents a plethora of challenges, with severe drilling fluid losses, often due to the natural fractures and/or vugular porosity encountered. This paper discusses the challenges faced drilling the desired hole section, managing severe losses, a downhole cross flow regime and high surface gas levels. Concern for exiting the salt section and taking total losses in a possible vugular carbonate is addressed and the contingent plans developed are discussed. Fluid loss management was critical and discussion is provided on the remediation methods used to limit losses. The paper describes how considerable gas was detected, handled and eventually controlled using the available surface equipment and methodology for preventing continuous gas influx and prolonged, off bottom circulating for removing the gas from the wellbore. Extensive wireline logging was completed, both at an intermediate stage and at total depth (TD). Most of the wireline logging was performed under minimal pressure with a logging adaptor installed in the rotating control device (RCD), 9 5/8" casing shooting nipple back to surface and wireline pressure control equipment (WPCE). The paper concludes with a series of key lessons learned that can be taken from this experience and considered when planning similar deep water, pre-salt exploration wells with the use of MPD equipment.
Installation of a Controlled Mud Level Managed Pressure Drilling System onto a MODU
Authors: Baten Robert , Cohen John , Gaassand Sturle , Golden John
Published: February 2016

Many people believe in the benefits of incorporating Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) into well planning, which has been done onshore for a long time. In recent years this technology has been transferred to offshore drilling vessels. However, there appears to be some hesitation in widely implementing MPD solutions offshore, due most likely to perceptions regarding complexity and cost of integration. This paper has been written to communcate the scope associated with implementing a Controlled Mud Level (CML) MPD technology onto an offshore drilling vessel in order to allow Operators and Rig Contractors to evaluate the level of complexity involved. This paper emphasizes that the technology has now been integrated onto several rigs, allowing the CML provider, Rig Contractors and Operators to work out best practices for technology implementation. Integration of a CML system is now accomplished with standard products, a well-defined scope and experience-based understanding of what is required.
Decision Support for Dynamic Barrier Management: Enhancing Safety and Regulatory Compliance Assessment for Offshore Operations
Authors: Nelson William R.
Published: February 2016

An approach for Decision Support for Dynamic Barrier Management has been developed that combines safety barrier concepts from the offshore industry with success path concepts from the nuclear power industry. This approach has been used to develop decision support concepts for real-time monitoring of barrier health and guidance for actions to be taken when barriers are degraded or fail. The approach is based on the systematic identification of the information required to assess barrier health, instrumentation that can be used to provide this information, and clear decision criteria that prescribe when actions must be taken to restore degraded barriers or implement alternate success paths. The approach can also be used for continuous assessment of regulatory compliance during operations and communication with regulatory authorities regarding decisions for continued operation or shutdown following equipment failures. This paper summarizes lessons learned from major accidents in other industries including nuclear power and aerospace, and the experience gained from two multi-year projects involving offshore operators, a drilling contractor, and regulatory authorities for development of decision support systems for offshore production and drilling installations.
Adaptive Model Based Choke Control System for MPD Operations
Authors: Stakvik Jon Åge , Berg Christian , Kaasa Glenn-Ole , Aamo Ole Morten , Lehner Urs
Published: February 2016

The focus of this paper is on the benefits of model-based control for performance of pressure control and how to enhance robustness against changes in system dynamics by use of adaptive control in managed pressure drilling (MPD) operations.

In this work, we present the advantages and disadvantages with adaptive model based control for MPD operations, by implementation of a choke pressure controller. The paper will show that model-based control enables pressure control down to fully closed choke and trapping pressure without a backpressure pump. Moreover, by adding adaption to the model-based controller it is made robust to changing well parameters, recovering control performance.

This is part of a pre-study and preparation for flow loop testing in Abu Dhabi Winter 2016, where performance and robustness of the controller is tested for gas influx and a variety of standpipe pump rates and pressure ranges. The purpose of the flow loop testing is to verify that the controller gives satisfactory performance and is the final test stage before the technology is ready for field use.
Analysis of the Impact on Drilling Performance of the RPM on Cessation Method of MWD Surveying Under MPD Operations
Authors: Monterrosa Leida C. , Zavros Kristin Clopton , Hussain Sajjad , Coffey Scott , Wilson Dave
Published: February 2016

The main purpose of this case study is to understand and evaluate how an innovative methodology for sending MWD surveys uphole, based on cessation of surface RPM rather than fluctuation of mud flow rate, leads to more effective and higher performance Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) operations while decreasing wellbore stability and HSE risks.

Conventional directional surveys are taken based on recycling of the mud pumps: mud flow is decreased below the MWD turn-on rate in order to switch off the tool and trigger the survey, and subsequently increased above this rate to switch the tool back on and send the survey uphole. Surveying based on RPM cessation is a different technique that takes and transmits a survey when the MWD detects that the rotation has stopped. This eliminates the need to recycle the pumps to take surveys and enables directional surveying with a full, unchanged flow rate. This surveying approach complements and supports applied annular pressure MPD operations, as downhole pressure control during pump recycling is one of the most challenging and critical aspects of MPD performance.

Drilling data from several wells of a West Africa MPD project that utilized this approach was evaluated from a drilling performance perspective. It was concluded that significant step changes in MWD surveying time and wellbore stability management were achieved. This surveying approach particularly reduced drilling risks intrinsically linked with formation pressure management: the constant mud flow rate while acquiring the MWD survey means that the surge and swab effects were minimized, without adding extra stresses on the formation and maintaining the borehole stability profiles within the critical limits. Moreover, this was achieved with a reduction in surveying time, leading to reducing drilling costs for the operator.

This paper explores how the application of this novel method of directional surveying enhances the application of MPD drilling techniques and reduces MPD-related challenges. RPM cessation surveys allow operators and contractors to push the drilling operations envelope in scenarios wherein extra fluctuations in the mud flow add significant risks. Furthermore, new studies with regards to wellbore stability optimization and stuck pipe prevention will be triggered in conventional and non-conventional drilling projects.
Intelligent Control for MPD
Authors: Moosavinia Majid , Parker Martyn , Alexandrov Vadim , Palenov Maxim
Published: February 2016

Fully automated Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD), as a technology and oilfield service, has been evolving in capability since approximately 2005. Here we look at the application of downstream advance technologies for upstream operation optimization, via increased automation and the benefits this can bring to MPD systems.

The tools, standards and processes already developed and field proven in other downstream industries are readily available and applicable for upstream operation optimization, standard compliances, risk management and reduction. Utilization of smart instrumentation with real-time diagnostics, multi-sensor voting system, large diaphragm seals transducers, auto tracking pressure relief valve control and adaptive self-tuning surface back pressure (SBP) control deliver enhanced capabilities and functionality to improve not only the control of the well but the overall system inherent safety.
Enhanced Fluid Rheology Characterization for Managed Pressure Drilling Applications
Authors: da Silva Thiago Pinheiro , Naccache Monica
Published: February 2016

Hydraulics play an important function in many oil field operations including drilling, completion, fracturing, acidizing, workover and production. In Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) applications where pressure losses become critical to accurate estimate and control the well within the operational window, it is necessary to use an appropriate rheological model for mathematical modelling of fluid behavior. The standard API methods for drilling fluid hydraulics assume Herschel-Bulkley (H-B), Power Law (PL) or Bingham plastic rheological model.

This paper summarizes the results of an extensive study on issues and relevant aspects related to the equipment and methods used to characterize the drilling fluids for MPD applications, as well as the operational implications that diverge from conventional practices.

A comparison of Fluid Rheology Characterization will be made by using laboratory high precision rheometers versus conventional FANN35 methods. Subsequently, a comparison of Rheology Model Selection proposed by API 13B opposed to Non Linear Regression (NLR) and the error intrinsically it is also included. Further investigation of shear rates is presented in a MPD "typical" annular geometry will be calculated via Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and the formulas suggested in API RP 13D compared. To conclude it will be presented a discussion of the influences of measurements, data treatment (Curve Fit) and environment (laboratory observations versus field experiences) in the accuracy of fluid rheology characterization.
Very First Application of Nitrified Stiff Foam along with the Near-Balanced Drilling Technology to Mitigate the NPT Associated with Highly Fractured, Low Pressure Hydrocarbon Bearing Sui Main Limestone Formation in Pakistan – A Case History
Authors: Ashraf Qasim , Hussain Muhammad , Nusair Mohamed Khair , Luqman Khurram
Published: February 2016

This paper reviews the recently concluded first Near-Balanced Nitrified Stiff Foam application for a fractured low pressure reservoir formation; Sui Main Limestone in the Baluchistan region of Pakistan. The SML formation has presented extreme drilling challenges in this field. Severe loss circulation and reservoir influxes have made drilling this formation a night mare for the operator. Lot of Non Productive time has been spent while trying to pass through this formation. A recent application of the unconventional and innovative technologies has provided the client with an excellent solution. The major scope of work for this well is to pass the SML formation without having loss circulation and reservoir influx into the well bore while keeping good drilling performance and finally case the complete formation in one casing.

A brief history of the Near-Balanced Drilling Technology using the Nitrified Stiff Foam fluid is provided in this paper which is followed by a discussion of the remarkable results achieved in this well. While performing the job the loss circulation problem was totally eliminated. Near-Balanced condition was constantly being monitored and maintained throughout the operation that resulted in no inflow from the reservoir into the well bore. Stiff Foam application also resulted in gaining outstanding drilling performance. All this resulted in the drilling of this formation in time less than half of the planned days. Finally the complete formation was cased within one casing without any complication.

In Summary; application of the state-of-the-art and advanced technologies helped operator to eliminate the NPT associated with the drilling of this challenging formation. The operator was not only benefited with the rewards of this application but it also helped it to perform the Post Drilling operations in controlled, safe and desired manner. This paper reviews the process that was used to identify, plan, and implement these unconventional techniques. The purpose of this paper is to highlight all the benefits and lessons learnt while performing this first Nitrified Stiff Foam Near-Balanced Drilling mode application in Pakistan. This will help many operators in the designing and implementation of such techniques to challenging hydrocarbon bearing formations.
Drilling Optimization of Kohat/Potohar Region by Mathematical Model (Using Matlab) and Comparative Method – A Case Study
Authors: Amjad Qazi Bilal , Waheed Saira , Jadoon Muhammad Saeed , Tariq Faheem
Published: February 2016

Drilling techniques in exploration of oil and gas, adopted around the world, involves optimization of controllable variable during drilling operations. The drilling optimization procedures, involves better understanding of operational as well as equipment parameter on ROP (Rate of Penetration). The objective of optimization is to estimate a reasonable rate of penetration to reduce drilling time, cost and consequently early discovery of oil and gas.

In this case study, optimum penetration rate of Kohat/Potohar region, where drilling is extremely problematic due to subsurface conditions specifically for muree and Kuldana formations, are obtained by two methods-mathematical & comparative. Comparative method uses cost per foot, specefic energy and rae of penetration with respect to depth comparison charts and give optimum drilling parameters while for mathematical model, BYM penetration model has been preferred to adress several drilling factors by using past drilling data of wells of Kohat region. Important parameters like ECD, Pore pressure gradient, evaluation of tooth wear and jet impact forces calculation are made for examining inter-relationship of controllable factors. At last a statistical approach of multiple regression analysis are made by using Matlab.Results of Matlab are further employed in determination of optimized parameters. Outcome from analysis are used to compare results with comparative approach and obtain optimum values of drilling rate, RPM and WOB for respective formations. Based on these approaches, potential risks can be mitigated which help to boost drilling performance and provides effective parameters for drilling of future wells in Kohat region.
Very First Application of Weatherford Rotating Control Diverter (RCD) to Reduce the NPT Associated With Loss and Kick Scenario Well in Pakistan – A Case History
Authors: Ashraf Qasim , Rehman Tanzeel Ur , Nusair Mohamed Khair , Luqman Khurram
Published: February 2016

This paper reviews the recently concluded first Weatherford Rotating Control Diverter application to a Loss and Kick scenario well in the Murree formation in Pakistan. The Murree formation in that area is considered as one of the toughest hurdle in reaching the target depths. The most common problems that are observed in this formation are loss and kick situations, which lead to conventional well control and then the hole tightening issues. In this well the client is having the same problems but in more adverse manner. There was a loss zone below and a gain zone above. They cemented the drilled portion of loss zone but whenever they try to drill further; got loss and then kick. Too much time was spent in controlling the well and then the well got tight and sometimes the string also got stuck. The major scope of work for this well with the use of Rotating Control Diverter is to divert the flow from the well, strip out of hole even during well flowing conditions and keeping surface back pressure whenever required.

A brief history of the Flow Diversion Technique using Weatherford RCD is provided in this paper which is followed by a discussion of the benefits added by the RCD in minimizing the NPT associated with such drilling hazards. The RCD successfully diverted the gain/kick got after having complete or partial loss situations. The RCD helped to strip out of hole even having continuous well flowing conditions. In conventional techniques this is not possible to POOH without controlling the well. This saved time as well as saved the drill string from being got stuck or packed off. The squeezing jobs were also aided by the use of RCD as after pumping the pill; the string was pulled out without releasing the applied pressure. All these advantages lead to the completion of the well in a safe and efficient fashion.

In Summary; applications of innovative and advanced technologies helped operator to perform the drilling operation fruitfully in this challenging formation in Pakistan. This paper reviews the process that was used to identify, plan, and implement this pioneering thought. The purpose of this paper is to highlight all the benefits and lessons learnt while applying this state of the art technology. This will help many in the industry to implement and design such innovative techniques and robust equipment for the mitigating drilling hazards.
Stakeholder Management – Ensuring Social License to Operate for Oil & Gas Industry
Authors: Munir Rabia , Janjua Tahir , Khajjak Rauf , Janjua Iftikhar , Jadoon Muneer
Published: February 2016

This paper aims to cover importance of Stakeholder Management in business continuity and its linkage with different business segments. Stakeholder Management looks at the relationships between an organization and others in its internal and external environment. Stakeholder could be a person or a group that can affect or be affected by business activities. Stakeholders can come from inside or outside of the business. Examples include customers, employees, stockholders, suppliers, non-profit groups, government, and the local community, among many others. Effective stakeholder management is very crucial to a company’s success. The core idea is that organizations that manage their stakeholder relationships effectively will survive longer and perform better than those organizations that don’t. All community relations issues must be fully addressed prior to and during the development of facilities via participation and consultative mechanisms promoting active communication involving all key stakeholders.

Ensuring awareness of cultural differences, respecting diversity and adjusting our ways of working in different situations as well as recognizing and responding to government and community related expectations and concerns about our activities are crucial to companys business. Leading a structured stakeholder dialog and managing the stakeholder relationship is connected with all operations and starts from local communities, notables, political influential to district, division, provincial and federal authorities. In order to succeed and be sustainable over time, companies must keep the interests of customers, suppliers, employees, communities and shareholders aligned and going in the same direction. However, in some countries like Pakistan where industry faces difficult social and political environments where governments may lack the capacity, infrastructure or enforcement of legislation and regulatory frameworks, Stakeholder Management could be very challenging.

Through this paper a model shall be proposed based on best practices of leading Oil & Gas companies in Pakistan, as how different topics such as Sustainable Social development, Community Engagement, Managing Social Risks and their impacts, Human Rights, Local Content & Related Security could be aligned to create the possible much value for Stakeholders and ensuring social license to operate.