bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Progressive ossificans fibrodysplasia endodontic management: Case report
Authors: Dutra Thaís Torres Barros , Bezerra Thâmara Manoela Marinho , Chaves Filipe Nobre , Feitosa Sthefane Gomes , Costa Fábio Wildson Gurgel , Pereira Karuza Maria Alves
Published: August 2019

The objective of this case is to discuss the endodontic management in patient diagnosed with Progressive Ossificans Fibrodysplasia (POF) who sought the dental service due to discomfort in the mandible. Minor mobility of the peripheral joints, spinal involvement, gait limitation, inability to sit, report of joint pain, and limitation of TMJ movements were observed on the extra‐oral examination. The intraoral examination revealed the presence of ectopic teeth (13 and 23), prolonged retention of primary teeth (53 and 63), dental gyrosurgery (34 and 33), caries lesion on teeth 36 and 47, and dental crowding. To the percussion test and the thermal pulp sensitivity of the tooth 36, there was no response, indicating pulp necrosis. Conventional endodontic therapy was performed under intrapulpal anesthesia and the dental chair placed at 45º. The patient evolved without painful symptomatology, is free of heterotopic ossification resulting from the treatment and her ability to open the mouth remained the same. Thus, endodontic treatment is a viable procedure and should be eligible in patients with POF because it minimizes local trauma and reduces iatrogenic risks, which may exacerbate the progression of the disease.
Effects of active video games on children and adolescents: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Oliveira Crystian B. , Pinto Rafael Z. , Saraiva Bruna T. C. , Tebar William R. , Delfino Leandro D. , Franco Marcia R. , Silva Claudiele C. M. , Christofaro Diego G. D.
Published: August 2019

Objective

To investigate the effectiveness of active video games (AVGs) on obesity‐related outcomes and physical activity levels in children and adolescents.

Design

Systematic review with meta‐analysis.

Methods

Literature search was performed in five electronic databases and the main clinical trials registries. Randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of AVGs compared with no/minimal intervention on obesity‐related outcomes (body mass index [BMI], body weight, body fat, and waist circumference) and physical activity levels of children and adolescents were eligible. Two independent reviewers extracted the data of each included study. PEDro scale was used to assess risk of bias and GRADE approach to evaluate overall quality of evidence. Pooled estimates were obtained using random effect models.

Results

Twelve studies were considered eligible for this review. Included studies mostly reported outcome data at short‐term (less or equal than three months) and intermediate‐term follow‐up (more than 3 months, but <12 months). AVGs were more effective than no/minimal intervention in reducing BMI/zBMI at short‐term (SMD = −0.34; 95% CI: −0.62 to −0.05) and intermediate‐term follow‐up (SMD = −0.36; 95% CI: −0.01 to −0.71). In addition, AVGs were more effective in reducing body weight compared with no/minimal intervention at intermediate‐term follow‐up (SMD = −0.25; 95% CI: −0.46 to −0.04). Regarding physical activity levels, AVGs were not more effective compared with minimal intervention at short‐term and intermediate‐term follow‐up.

Conclusions

Our review identified that AVGs were better than minimal intervention in reducing BMI and body weight, but not for increasing physical activity in young people.
Benzodiazepine abuse among athletes: Pain relief or just a weapon against insomnia? A clinical case study
Authors: Zamboni Lorenzo , Lugoboni Fabio , Zandonai Thomas
Published: August 2019

It is widely recognized that benzodiazepine abuse can potentially induce addiction. Benzodiazepine addiction among athletes is a new and growing phenomenon that we are encountering among our patients. We describe a case of lormetazepam addiction in a female competitive marathon runner. A 30‐year‐old female elite athlete developed lormetazepam addiction after increasing her daily benzodiazepine dosage in an attempt to achieve better sleep and enhanced performances during training. She was hospitalized for 7 days to undergo benzodiazepine detoxification. Her lormetazepam daily dosage on admission was 18 vials (20 ml × 18 = 360 ml). This report highlights the risk of athletes becoming addicted to benzodiazepines used to combat insomnia and pain. There is a need for clinical and epidemiological research to investigate the effects of this addiction, with a view to better protecting the health of athletes.
Tillage and residue management practices affect soil biological indicators in a rice–wheat cropping system in north‐western India
Authors: Saikia Rituparna , Sharma Sandeep , Thind Harmit Singh , Singh Yadvinder
Published: August 2019

Agricultural productivity relies on a wide range of ecosystem services provided by the soil biota. Sustainable management practices, such as tillage and residue management, can influence structure and function of the soil microbiota, with direct consequences for the associated ecosystem services. Although there is increasing evidence that different tillage regimes alter the soil biological indices, we only have a limited understanding of their temporal changes in a rice (Oryza sativaL.)–wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) cropping system. We evaluated the effects of combinations of tillage, crop residue management and green manuring on soil biological indicators after 5 years of the practising rice–wheat system (RWS). Four main plot treatments in rice included the following: (a)PTRW0, puddled transplanted rice with no wheat straw retained; (b)PTRW25, puddled transplanted rice with 25% anchored wheat stubbles retained; (c)PTRW0+Sesbania aculeateL. green manure (GM); and (d)PTRW25+GM, puddled transplanted rice with 25% anchored wheat stubbles retained+GM. There were three subplot treatments in the subsequent wheat crop: (a)CTWR0, conventional tillage wheat with rice residue removed; (b)ZTWR0, zero tillage wheat with rice residue removed; and (c)ZTWR100,ZTWwith 100% rice residue retained as mulch. ThePTRW25+GMtreatment, followed byZTWR100, significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon, basal soil respiration, microbial quotient and mineralization quotient measured during wheat‐growing season. These biological indicators were higher at vigorous vegetative wheat growth stage than at flowering stage and decreased at maturity. The principal component analysis of the assayed variables showed that all the variables significantly contributed to the variability in parameters examined and were more related to maximum tillering stage of wheat growth than to maturity or at sowing of wheat. Three highly effective biological indicators were microbial biomass carbon, microbial quotient and mineralization quotient, which responded significantly to changes in tillage and residue management practices in theRWS. We conclude that crop residues and green manure have significant to improve soil biochemical processes by improving soil organic carbon and soil biological indicators in rice–wheat cropping system.
Infectious diseases pre‐transplant evaluation improves vaccination rates for liver transplant candidates
Authors: Pineda Erika May Z. , Spinner Michael L. , Pallotta Andrea , Koval Christine , Bollinger Jessica
Published: August 2019

Immunization rates in pre‐liver transplant patients have been historically below rates for immunocompetent patients. At Cleveland Clinic, an infectious diseases (ID) consult is required for all patients during the liver transplant evaluation and may beneficially impact vaccination rates. The goal of this study was to evaluate pre‐transplant vaccination rates in pre‐liver transplant candidates. This single‐center, retrospective chart review included adults transplanted between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2016. Prior to transplant, rates of vaccination and/or documented seropositivity were 35% for hepatitis B vaccine, 92% for hepatitis A vaccine, 57% for pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, 62% for pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, and 77% for influenza vaccine. Vaccination rates were higher than to previously reported. Rates were also higher for several vaccines compared to transplant candidates for other organs without ID consult. With ongoing ID consult requirements for liver transplant candidates, combined with standardization of vaccine recommendations via technology, and increased multi‐disciplinary collaboration, vaccination rates should improve further.
Recurrent pancreatic cancer patient treated by chemotherapy and focused ultrasound surgery. A case report
Authors: Dimitrov Dobromir , Stanislavova Nadya , Yotsov Tsanko , Zhou Kun
Published: August 2019

We present a case of recurrent pancreatic cancer diagnosed by computer tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography(PET), 7 months after Whipple radical surgery in a 61-year-old female patient. The patient was successfully treated byfocused ultrasound surgery (FUS) by innovative high intensity focused ultrasound device. The patient had no complications.Multiple cycles of chemotherapy were done. Twelve months after FUS the new PET-CT showed no evidence of metabolite activezone in the area of ablation and no progression of disease. The presented case is unique according to the literature as a localrecurrence after radical surgery for pancreatic cancer, successfully managed by local FUS ablation and adjuvant chemotherapy.
“It’s like me leaving a manual of me behind”: Parents talk about succession planning of long-term care and support for their disabled adult children with high and complex needs
Authors: Thakkar Hemant
Published: August 2019

INTRODUCTION: A question that concerns most parents of disabled adults with high and complex needs (HCN) is: “What will happen to my child when I am no longer alive?” One of the factors that could assist these parents in securing a better future for their children beyond their own lifetime is timely succession planning.METHOD: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 Aotearoa New Zealand parents and 18 Indian parents with a view to understanding their wishes and worries concerning the long-term care and well-being of their adult children with HCN. This article focuses on the parents’ views on their own role in succession planning.FINDINGS: Based on parents’ responses, six key components of succession planning were identified: preparing the child; preparing the informal network; sorting out the living arrangements; securing their financial future; creating a life plan and a training manual; and preparing the community.IMPLICATIONS: The study revealed that not all parents have the necessary skills, resources or even desires to engage in succession planning and hence it becomes crucial that professionals working in the social services sector provide appropriate support to these parents.KEYWORDS: high and complex needs; succession planning; disabled adults; parents of disabled children
Glia in the skin activate pain responses
Authors: Doan Ryan A. , Monk Kelly R.
Published: August 2019

A newly discovered cell type forms a network that senses painful stimuli
The Lonely Guy (LOG) Homologue SiRe_0427 from the Thermophilic Archaeon
Sulfolobus islandicus
REY15A Is a Phosphoribohydrolase Representing a Novel Group
Authors: Mayaka Joseph Badys , Huang Qihong , Xiao Yuanxi , Zhong Qing , Ni Jinfeng , Shen Yulong
Published: August 2019

Lonely Guy (LOG) is an essential enzyme for the final biosynthesis of cytokinins, which regulate almost every aspect of growth and development in plants. LOG protein was originally discovered 12 years ago in a strain of
Oryza sativa
with a distinct floral phenotype of a single stamen. Recently, the presence of LOG homologues has been reported in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
, an obligate human pathogen. To date, active LOG proteins have been reported in plants, pathogenic and nonpathogenic fungi, and bacteria, but there have been no experimental reports of LOG protein from archaea. In the current work, we report the identification of a LOG homologue active on AMP from
Sulfolobus islandicus
REY15A, a thermophilic archaeon. The protein likely forms a tetramer in solution and represents a novel evolutionary lineage. The results presented here expand our knowledge regarding proteins with phosphoribohydrolase activities and open an avenue for studying signal transduction networks of archaea and potential applications of LOG enzymes in agriculture and industry.
Loss of a Cardiolipin Synthase in
Helicobacter pylori
G27 Blocks Flagellum Assembly
Authors: Chu Joshua K. , Zhu Shiwei , Herrera Carmen M. , Henderson Jeremy C. , Liu Jun , Trent M. Stephen , Hoover Timothy R.
Published: August 2019

H. pylori
colonizes the epithelial layer of the human stomach, where it can cause a variety of diseases, including chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. To colonize the stomach,
H. pylori
must penetrate the viscous mucous layer lining the stomach, which it accomplishes using its flagella. The significance of our research is identifying factors that affect the biosynthesis and assembly of the
H. pylori
flagellum, which will contribute to our understanding of motility in
H. pylori
, as well as other bacterial pathogens that use their flagella for host colonization.
Simultaneous candida albicans and herpes simplex virus type 2 esophagitis in a renal transplant recipient
Authors: Gani Imran , Kosuru Vatsalya , Saleem Muhammad , Kapoor Rajan
Published: August 2019

Renal transplant recipients are prone to opportunistic infections due to iatrogenic immunosuppression. Infectious esophagitis can present as an opportunistic infection in the post-transplant period. Common pathogens are candida, herpes simplex virus (HSV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Having a dual infection is uncommon and the diagnoses can be missed at initial presentation. Our patient, a 29-year-old African-American woman, status post deceased-donor-kidney transplant presented with difficulty and pain in swallowing with clinical features suggestive of candida esophagitis, confirmed by fungal culture. She did not get better with antifungal treatment. On further testing, the patient was found to have HSV-2 infection of the oesophagus as well. She received both fluconazole as well as acyclovir that lead to complete resolution of her symptoms. In the right clinical setting, esophagitis can be caused by more than one organism present at the same time and a high level of suspicion is warranted.
It takes a community: a landscape analysis of global health research consortia
Authors: VanderZanden Amelia , Langlois Etienne V , Ghaffar Abdul , Bitton Asaf , Fifield Jocelyn , Hirschhorn Lisa R
Published: August 2019

Background

The increased recognition of the core role of effective primary healthcare has identified large gaps in the knowledge of components of high-quality primary healthcare systems and the need for resources positioned to better understand them. Research consortia are an effective approach to generate evidence needed to address knowledge and evidence gaps and accelerate change. However, the optimal design of consortia and guidance on design decisions is not well studied. We report on a landscape analysis to understand global health research consortium models and major design decisions that inform model choice.

Methods

We conducted a landscape analysis to identify health-related research consortia typologies and explore decision processes leading to their design and implementation. We identified and reviewed 195 research consortia, extracted data on organisation, characteristics and operations for 115 and conducted 14 key informant interviews representing 13 consortia. We analysed interviews using thematic content analysis using results to develop categories of major design choices and research consortia models, structures and processes.

Results

Across a wide range of research consortia, the structure and function were determined by nine key design decisions that were mapped to three domains: scope: including mission and area of focus; organisational structure: including role and location of the core entity, choice of leader, governance and membership eligibility and responsibility; and funding decisions: including the funding source for research consortia operations and the funding sources and process for consortium research.

Discussion

Research consortia showed important heterogeneity across the nine decision points studied and based on their goals, needs and resources. These decisions and the three emerging domains (scope, organisation and funding) offer a potential framework for new research consortia and inform the design of a proposed primary health care research consortium intended to accelerate research to improve primary health care in LMICs.
Primary healthcare policy and governance in low-income and middle-income countries: an evidence gap map
Authors: Saif-Ur-Rahman K M , Mamun Razib , Nowrin Iffat , Hossain Shahed , Islam Khaleda , Rumman Tajkia , Kabir Ehtesham , Rahman Aminur , Dahal Ngamindra , Anwar Iqbal
Published: August 2019

Introduction

Governance is one of the most important aspects for strong primary healthcare (PHC) service delivery. To achieve the targets for the Sustainable Development Goals, good governance may play a prime role in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). This evidence gap map (EGM) explored the available evidence in LMICs to identify the knowledge gap concerning PHC policy and governance in these settings.

Methods

We followed the standard 3ie EGM protocol, finalising the scope of the EGM through a stakeholder workshop. We searched a total of 32 bibliographic databases, systematic review databases, impact evaluation databases, and donor and bilateral agency databases using a comprehensive search strategy. Two reviewers screened retrieved studies, extracted data and performed quality assessment. We plotted the interventions and outcomes derived from the included studies in a dynamic platform to build the interactive EGM and conducted a stakeholder consultation with nominal group technique methods to prioritise the identified gaps.

Results

The EGM included 24 systematic reviews and 7 impact evaluations focusing on PHC policy and governance in LMICs. Most of the sources emphasised workforce management and supervision. There were noticeable evidence gaps regarding accountability and social responsibility. The most highly prioritised themes were the role of accountability, the role of public–private partnerships and the role of user–provider communication in PHC governance.

Conclusions

This EGM identified some important aspects of PHC policy and governance such as accountability, social responsibility, public–private partnership, user–provider communication through the methodological approaches of evidence synthesis and stakeholder consultation. Identified gaps will provide directions for an implementation research plan to improve the governance of PHC in LMICs.
Organisation of primary health care systems in low- and middle-income countries: review of evidence on what works and why in the Asia-Pacific region
Authors: Dodd Rebecca , Palagyi Anna , Jan Stephen , Abdel-All Marwa , Nambiar Devaki , Madhira Pavitra , Balane Christine , Tian Maoyi , Joshi Rohina , Abimbola Seye , Peiris David
Published: August 2019

Introduction

This paper synthesises evidence on the organisation of primary health care (PHC) service delivery in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) in the Asia Pacific and identifies evidence of effective approaches and pathways of impact in this region.

Methods

We developed a conceptual framework describing key inputs and outcomes of PHC as the basis of a systematic review. We searched exclusively for intervention studies from LMICs of the Asia-Pacific region in an effort to identify ‘what works’ to improve the coverage, quality, efficiency, equity and responsiveness of PHC. We conducted a narrative synthesis to identify key characteristics of successful interventions.

Results

From an initial list of 3001 articles, we selected 153 for full-text review and included 111. We found evidence on the impact of non-physician health workers (NPHWs) on coverage and quality of care, though better integration with other PHC services is needed. Community-based services are most effective when well integrated through functional referral systems and supportive supervision arrangements, and have a reliable supply of medicines. Many studies point to the importance of community engagement in improving service demand. Few studies adopted a ‘systems’ lens or adequately considered long-term costs or implementation challenges.

Conclusion

Based on our findings, we suggest five areas where more practical knowledge and guidance is needed to support PHC systems strengthening: (1) NPHW workforce development; (2) integrating non-communicable disease prevention and control into the basic package of care; (3) building managerial capacity; (4) institutionalising community engagement; (5) modernising PHC information systems.
Community-orientated primary care: a scoping review of different models, and their effectiveness and feasibility in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Mash Bob , Ray Sunanda , Essuman Akye , Burgueño Edu
Published: August 2019

Introduction

Community-orientated primary care (COPC) is an approach to primary healthcare (PHC) that originated in South Africa and contributed to the formulation of the Declaration of Alma-Ata 40 years ago. Despite this, PHC remains poorly developed in sub-Saharan African countries. There has been a resurgence of interest in strengthening PHC systems in the last few years and identifying key knowledge gaps. COPC has been an effective strategy elsewhere, most notably Brazil. This scoping review investigated COPC in the sub-Saharan African context and looked for evidence of different models, effectiveness and feasibility.

Methods

Databases were systematically searched using a comprehensive search strategy to identify studies from the last 10 years. A methodological guideline for conducting scoping reviews was followed. A standardised template was used to extract data and compare study characteristics and findings. Studies were grouped into five categories: historical analysis, models, implementation, educational studies and effectiveness.

Results

A total of 1997 publications were identified and 39 included in the review. Most publications were from the last 5 years (n = 32), research (n = 27), from South Africa (n = 27), focused on implementation (n = 25) and involving case studies (n = 9), programme evaluation (n = 6) or qualitative methods (n = 10). Nine principles of COPC were identified from different models. Factors related to the implementation of COPC were identified in terms of governance, finances, community health workers, primary care facilities, community participation, health information and training. There was very little evidence of effectiveness of COPC.

Conclusions

There is a need for further research to describe models of COPC in Africa, investigate the appropriate skills mix to integrate public health and primary care in these models, evaluate the effectiveness of COPC and whether it is included in training of healthcare workers and government policy.
Primary healthcare system performance in low-income and middle-income countries: a scoping review of the evidence from 2010 to 2017
Authors: Bitton Asaf , Fifield Jocelyn , Ratcliffe Hannah , Karlage Ami , Wang Hong , Veillard Jeremy H , Schwarz Dan , Hirschhorn Lisa R
Published: August 2019

Introduction

The 2018 Astana Declaration reaffirmed global commitment to primary healthcare (PHC) as a core strategy to achieve universal health coverage. To meet this potential, PHC in low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC) needs to be strengthened, but research is lacking and fragmented. We conducted a scoping review of the recent literature to assess the state of research on PHC in LMIC and understand where future research is most needed.

Methods

Guided by the Primary Healthcare Performance Initiative (PHCPI) conceptual framework, we conducted searches of the peer-reviewed literature on PHC in LMIC published between 2010 (the publication year of the last major review of PHC in LMIC) and 2017. We also conducted country-specific searches to understand performance trajectories in 14 high-performing countries identified in the previous review. Evidence highlights and gaps for each topic area of the PHCPI framework were extracted and summarised.

Results

We retrieved 5219 articles, 207 of which met final inclusion criteria. Many PHC system inputs such as payment and workforce are well-studied. A number of emerging service delivery innovations have early evidence of success but lack evidence for how to scale more broadly. Community-based PHC systems with supportive governmental policies and financing structures (public and private) consistently promote better outcomes and equity. Among the 14 highlighted countries, most maintained or improved progress in the scope of services, quality, access and financial coverage of PHC during the review time period.

Conclusion

Our findings revealed a heterogeneous focus of recent literature, with ample evidence for effective PHC policies, payment and other system inputs. More variability was seen in key areas of service delivery, underscoring a need for greater emphasis on implementation science and intervention testing. Future evaluations are needed on PHC system capacities and orientation toward social accountability, innovation, management and population health in order to achieve the promise of PHC.
Quick fix for care, productivity, hygiene and inequality: reframing the entrenched problem of antibiotic overuse
Authors: Denyer Willis Laurie , Chandler Clare
Published: August 2019

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major challenge of our time. A key global objective is to reduce antibiotic use (ABU), in order to reduce resistance caused by antimicrobial pressure. This is often set as a ‘behaviour change’ issue, locating intervention efforts in the knowledge and attitudes of individual prescribers and users of medicines. Such approaches have had limited impact and fall short of addressing wider drivers of antibiotic use. To address the magnitude of antibiotic overuse requires a wider lens to view our relationships with these medicines.

This article draws on ethnographic research from East Africa to answer the question of what roles antibiotics play beyond their immediate curative effects. We carried out interviews, participant observation and documentary analysis over a decade in northeast Tanzania and eastern and central Uganda. Our findings suggest that antibiotics have become a ‘quick fix’ in our modern societies. They are aquick fix for carein fractured health systems; aquick fix for productivityat local and global scales, for humans, animals and crops; aquick fix for hygienein settings of minimised resources; and aquick fix for inequalityin landscapes scarred by political and economic violence. Conceptualising antibiotic use as a ‘quick fix’ infrastructure shifts attention to the structural dimensions of AMR and antimicrobial use (AMU) and raises our line of sight into the longer term, generating more systemic solutions that have greater chance of achieving equitable impact.
New ophthalmic dual-viscoelastic device in cataract surgery: a comparative study
Authors: Monaco Gaspare , Gari Mariangela , Pelizzari Silvia , Lanfranchi Arianna , Ruggi Giada , Tinto Ilaria , Scialdone Antonio
Published: August 2019

Objective

To compare the performance and safety in cataract surgery of two ophthalmic viscoelastic devices (OVDs), each having separate dispersive and cohesive characteristics and different concentrations.

Methods and analysis

In this prospective, randomised, controlled clinical study, one eye of each patient was injected with OVD1 (Viscopack14) or OVD2 (DuoVisc) during phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. Endothelial cell count, intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT), intraocular inflammation and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) were compared 3 months postoperatively.

Results

The study enrolled 127 patients. Randomisation assigned 50 eyes of as many patients to each arm of the study. The postoperative mean endothelial cell loss was 14.4% and 7.1% from baseline in the OVD1 and OVD2 groups, respectively (p=0.08). The incidence of IOP spikes at 2 hours was 0% and 8%, respectively (p=0.02). There were intergroup differences in postoperative IOP values, the OVD2 group showed significantly higher values at all of the follow-up visits starting from the 24 hours examination (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the CCT, intraocular inflammation and CDVA at the end of follow-up.

Conclusion

Both OVDs showed similar clinical performances and were equally effective during cataract surgery. Viscopack14 showed more corneal endothelial cell reduction, while DuoVisc had more occurrences of IOP values and spikes. Future studies are mandatory to support these preliminary results.
Higher negative emotions in response to cigarette pictorial warning labels predict higher quit intentions among smokers
Authors: Li Yachao , Yang Bo , Owusu Daniel , Popova Lucy
Published: August 2019

Background

Cigarette pictorial warning labels (PWLs) could produce stronger quit intentions than text-only warning labels (TWLs) due to greater emotional arousal. Yet, it remains unclear whether PWLs that elicit different levels of emotions produce different outcomes. To better understand the role of negative emotions in the effects of PWLs, this study developed two sets of PWLs arousing different emotional levels (high vs low) but equally high on informativeness and compared them to each other and to the current TWLs.

Methods

Adult US smokers (n=1503) were randomised to view nine high-emotion-arousing or low-emotion-arousing PWLs or TWLs. After each label, participants reported the negative emotions they felt while looking at the label. After seeing all the labels, participants reported their intentions to quit smoking. Mediation analyses tested whether message condition influenced quit intentions indirectly through negative emotions.

Results

Compared with TWLs, PWLs produced higher levels of negative emotions (b=0.27, SE=0.04, p<0.001). Compared with low-emotion arousing PWLs, high-emotion-arousing PWLs produced higher levels of negative emotions (b=0.24, SE=0.07, p<0.001). Higher negative emotions predicted stronger quit intentions (b=0.20, SE=0.03, p<0.001). Negative emotions mediated the effects of PWLs versus TWLs and high-emotion-arousing versus low- emotion-arousing PWLs on quit intentions.

Conclusions

The results provide additional evidence for negative emotions as the mechanism through which PWLs motivate smokers to consider quitting. The findings call on the Food and Drug Administration to design and implement high-emotion-arousing cigarette warning labels.
Predictors of hospitalization and surgical intervention among patients with motorcycle injuries
Authors: Fletcher Cary , Mcdowell Derrick , Thompson Camelia , James Kenneth
Published: August 2019

Background

To describe the distribution of injuries, hospitalization rates by body areas injured, and surgery-requiring admissions, and to identify independent predictors of admission to a regional hospital in Jamaica.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among persons presenting to the St Ann’s Bay Regional Hospital in Jamaica (2016–2018) with injuries sustained from motorcycle crashes. A census was done of patients admitted to the surgery ward from the emergency room, as well as those referred to the Orthopaedic Outpatient Department. Trained members of the orthopedic team administered a pretested questionnaire within 24 hours of presenting to the orthopedic service to elicit data on sociodemographic characteristics, motor vehicle collision circumstance and motor bike specifications, physical injuries sustained and medical management, as well as compliance with legal requirements for riding a motorcycle. Associations between variables were examined using χ2tests and logistic regression.

Results

There were 155 participants in the study, and 75.3% of motorcyclists with injuries required admission. The average length of stay was approximately 10 days. Surgery was required for 71.6% of those admitted. Lower limb injuries constituted 55% of all injuries. The independent predictors for admission were alcohol use and total body areas involved. Motorcycle crash victims who used alcohol close to the time of crash were three times more likely to be admitted to hospital than those who did not consume alcohol. As the total body areas involved increased by one, there was a threefold increase in the likelihood of being admitted. Additionally, the greater the number of body areas involved, the greater was the likelihood of admission.

Discussion

Lower limb injuries are the most commonly reported injuries among victims of motorcycle crashes. Alcohol and total body areas involved are independent predictors of admission to hospital. In the planning of trauma delivery services, this information should be taken into account.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
Alarm calls of the same individual vary during a response to the same predator in Gunnison’s prairie dogs (Cynomys gunnisoni)
Authors: Loughry W.J. , Oeser M. , Hoogland J.L.
Published: August 2019

Many animals emit vocalizations in a repetitive series, but are all the calls within a series structurally the same? To answer this question, we recorded the barks of adult female Gunnison’s prairie dogs (Cynomys gunnisoni (Baird, 1855)) during 5 min experimental presentations of several terrestrial stimuli. We measured eight variables (primarily pitch and duration measures) of the first, middle, and last barks in each bout of barking produced by each of 24 females, as well as the duration of inter-bout intervals, the number of barks per bout, and the rate of barking per bout. We found that first barks were significantly longer and higher pitched than middle or last barks. Some of these differences were affected by the number of barks in a bout. Regardless of bark position, barks became longer and lower pitched in later bouts, and inter-bout intervals, number of barks per bout, and the rate of barking per bout all declined in later bouts. Our results show that bark structure can vary even within a single context and within a short period of time. Thus, variation due to call position within and across bouts of calling is a potentially important confound for studies examining other sources of acoustic variation.
Peregrine-like rational solitons and their interaction with kink wave for the resonance nonlinear Schrödinger equation with Kerr law of nonlinearity
Authors: Lu Dianchen , Seadawy Aly R. , Ahmed Iftikhar
Published: August 2019

By utilizing the logarithmic transformation and symbolic computation with ansatz functions technique, Peregrine-like rational solitons are obtained for the resonance nonlinear Schrödinger equation (R-NLSE) with Kerr law of nonlinearity. Meanwhile, the interaction between rational solitons and the kink wave is also investigated. The dynamics and many important properties of these obtained solutions are analyzed and briefly described in figures by selecting the appropriate parametric values.
Prediction of Cleaning Loss of Combine Harvester Based on Neural Network
Authors: Li Bo , Li Tingting , Jiang Qing , Huang He , Zhang Zhengyong , Wei Yuanyuan , Sun BingYu , Jia Xiufang , Li Bin , Yin Yanxin
Published: August 2019

This paper explores the performance and obtains a reasonable cleaning effect of the cleaning system of combine harvester and studies the relationship between the cleaning effect of the combine harvester cleaning system and its influencing factors. We established a neural network model between the cleaning loss rate and the clean system parameters. First, we tested the results of the cleaning performance of each group under different combinations of conditions, and analyzed the direct or indirect relationship between the cleaning loss rate and the parameters in the experiment under each working condition. Then, according to the experimental data obtained in the experiment, we predict the clearance loss rate for several sets of conditions by this model. The experimental results show that the prediction results of the model can meet the experimental requirements under the condition that the accuracy is not very high.
Some finite p-groups with central automorphism group of minimal order
Authors: Shabani-Attar Mehdi
Published: August 2019

Let [Formula: see text] be a finite [Formula: see text]-group and let [Formula: see text] be the set of all central automorphisms of [Formula: see text] For any group [Formula: see text], the center of the inner automorphism group, [Formula: see text], is always contained in [Formula: see text] In this paper, we study finite [Formula: see text]-groups [Formula: see text] for which [Formula: see text] is of minimal possible, that is [Formula: see text] We characterize the groups in some special cases, including [Formula: see text]-groups [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]-groups with an abelian maximal subgroup, metacyclic [Formula: see text]-groups with [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]-groups of order [Formula: see text] and exponent [Formula: see text] and Camina [Formula: see text]-groups.
A distinguished example of filiform deformation
Authors: Herrera-Granada Joan Felipe , Tirao Paulo , Vera Sonia
Published: August 2019

We exhibit the first example of a non-rigid complex filiform Lie algebra with all its codimension 1 ideals being characteristically nilpotent by constructing an explicit nontrivial filiform deformation of it.
Efficient Indoor Localization Based on Geomagnetism
Authors: Wu Hang , Mo Ziliang , Tan Jiajie , He Suining , Chan S.-H. Gary
Published: August 2019

Geomagnetism is promising for indoor localization due to its omnipresence, high stability, and availability of magnetometers in smartphones. Previous works often fuse it with pedometer via particles, which are computationally intensive and make strong user behavior assumptions. To overcome that, we propose Magil, an approach leveraging geo
mag
netism for
i
ndoor
l
ocalization. To our best knowledge, this is the first piece of work using geomagnetism for smartphone localization without the need of pedometer or user walking model. Magil is applicable to any open or complex indoor environment. In the offline phase, Magil collects and stores geomagnetic fingerprints while surveyors walk indoors. In the online phase, it employs a fast algorithm to match the geomagnetic variation of the target with the stored fingerprints. Given closely matched segments, Magil constructs user trajectory efficiently with a modified shortest path formulation by selecting and connecting these matched segments.

To further improve accuracy and deployability, we propose MagFi, which extends
Mag
il by fusing it with Wi-
Fi
. MagFi further collects opportunistic Wi-Fi RSSI for fingerprint construction. We have implemented both Magil and MagFi and conducted extensive experiments in our campus. Results show that our schemes outperform state-of-the-art schemes by a wide margin (often cutting localization error by 30%).
A conversation with Marianna Obrist
Authors: Anjum Bushra
Published: August 2019

In this series of interviews with innovation leaders, Ubiquity Associate Editor and software engineer, Dr. Bushra Anjum sits down with Marianna Obrist, who is exploring augmented and virtual reality within the context of HCI. Obrist discusses multi-sensory interactions that go beyond sight and sound, as well as her work that explores the role of human senses in the design of future technologies.
EuroGP 2019 panel discussion
Authors: Hu Ting , Sekanina Lukas
Published: August 2019

While the Internet existed as far back as the 1960s, it was not until the advent of the World Wide Web in the early 90s, that this technology began impacting our everyday lives as an information dissemination tool. This application is so dominant that many would treat the Web as the synonym of the Internet. A technique only takes off when it finds a vehicle to communicate with the wide audience, i.e., through a killer application.

What is the killer application that will make GP become a part of our everyday lives? What are the application problems that GP is particularly suitable for? What can set GP apart from other learning algorithms, and allow it to stand out in the next waves of AI research?
Acoustic Tweezers for Particle and Fluid Micromanipulation
Authors: Baudoin M. , Thomas J.-L.
Published: August 2019

Acoustic tweezers powerfully enable the contactless collective or selective manipulation of microscopic objects. Trapping is achieved without pretagging, with forces several orders of magnitude larger than optical tweezers at the same input power, limiting spurious heating and enabling damage-free displacement and orientation of biological samples. In addition, the availability of acoustical coherent sources from kilo- to gigahertz frequencies enables the manipulation of a wide spectrum of particle sizes. After an introduction of the key physical concepts behind fluid and particle manipulation with acoustic radiation pressure and acoustic streaming, we highlight the emergence of specific wave fields, called acoustical vortices, as a means to manipulate particles selectively and in three dimensions with one-sided tweezers. These acoustic vortices can also be used to generate hydrodynamic vortices whose topology is controlled by the topology of the wave. We conclude with an outlook on the field's future directions.
Guidelines for evaluating myocardial cell death
Authors: Mishra Paras K. , Adameova Adriana , Hill Joseph A. , Baines Christopher P. , Kang Peter M. , Downey James M. , Narula Jagat , Takahashi Masafumi , Abbate Antonio , Piristine Hande C. , Kar Sumit , Su Shi , Higa Jason K. , Kawasaki Nicholas K. , Matsui Takashi
Published: August 2019

Cell death is a fundamental process in cardiac pathologies. Recent studies have revealed multiple forms of cell death, and several of them have been demonstrated to underlie adverse cardiac remodeling and heart failure. With the expansion in the area of myocardial cell death and increasing concerns over rigor and reproducibility, it is important and timely to set a guideline for the best practices of evaluating myocardial cell death. There are six major forms of regulated cell death observed in cardiac pathologies, namely apoptosis, necroptosis, mitochondrial-mediated necrosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagic cell death. In this article, we describe the best methods to identify, measure, and evaluate these modes of myocardial cell death. In addition, we discuss the limitations of currently practiced myocardial cell death mechanisms.

Listen to this article's corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/guidelines-for-evaluating-myocardial-cell-death/ .
Targeting the Mevalonate Pathway to Overcome Acquired Anti-HER2 Treatment Resistance in Breast Cancer
Authors: Sethunath Vidyalakshmi , Hu Huizhong , De Angelis Carmine , Veeraraghavan Jamunarani , Qin Lanfang , Wang Nicholas , Simon Lukas M. , Wang Tao , Fu Xiaoyong , Nardone Agostina , Pereira Resel , Nanda Sarmistha , Griffith Obi L. , Tsimelzon Anna , Shaw Chad , Chamness Gary C. , Reis-Filho Jorge S. , Weigelt Britta , Heiser Laura M. , Hilsenbeck Susan G. , Huang Shixia , Rimawi Mothaffar F. , Gray Joe W. , Osborne C. Kent , Schiff Rachel
Published: August 2019

Despite effective strategies, resistance in HER2+ breast cancer remains a challenge. While the mevalonate pathway (MVA) is suggested to promote cell growth and survival, including in HER2+ models, its potential role in resistance to HER2-targeted therapy is unknown. Parental HER2+ breast cancer cells and their lapatinib-resistant and lapatinib + trastuzumab–resistant derivatives were used for this study. MVA activity was found to be increased in lapatinib-resistant and lapatinib + trastuzumab–resistant cells. Specific blockade of this pathway with lipophilic but not hydrophilic statins and with the N-bisphosphonate zoledronic acid led to apoptosis and substantial growth inhibition of R cells. Inhibition was rescued by mevalonate or the intermediate metabolites farnesyl pyrophosphate or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, but not cholesterol. Activated Yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) and mTORC1 signaling, and their downstream target gene product Survivin, were inhibited by MVA blockade, especially in the lapatinib-resistant/lapatinib + trastuzumab–resistant models. Overexpression of constitutively active YAP rescued Survivin and phosphorylated-S6 levels, despite blockade of the MVA. These results suggest that the MVA provides alternative signaling leading to cell survival and resistance by activating YAP/TAZ–mTORC1–Survivin signaling when HER2 is blocked, suggesting novel therapeutic targets. MVA inhibitors including lipophilic statins and N-bisphosphonates may circumvent resistance to anti-HER2 therapy warranting further clinical investigation.

Implications:

The MVA was found to constitute an escape mechanism of survival and growth in HER2+ breast cancer models resistant to anti-HER2 therapies. MVA inhibitors such as simvastatin and zoledronic acid are potential therapeutic agents to resensitize the tumors that depend on the MVA to progress on anti-HER2 therapies.
Effect of Bazedoxifene and Conjugated Estrogen (Duavee) on Breast Cancer Risk Biomarkers in High-Risk Women: A Pilot Study
Authors: Fabian Carol J. , Nye Lauren , Powers Kandy R. , Nydegger Jennifer L. , Kreutzjans Amy L. , Phillips Teresa A. , Metheny Trina , Winblad Onalisa , Zalles Carola M. , Hagan Christy R. , Goodman Merit L. , Gajewski Byron J. , Koestler Devin C. , Chalise Prabhakar , Kimler Bruce F.
Published: August 2019

Interventions that relieve vasomotor symptoms while reducing risk for breast cancer would likely improve uptake of chemoprevention for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. We conducted a pilot study with 6 months of the tissue selective estrogen complex bazedoxifene (20 mg) and conjugated estrogen (0.45 mg; Duavee) to assess feasibility and effects on risk biomarkers for postmenopausal breast cancer. Risk biomarkers included fully automated mammographic volumetric density (Volpara), benign breast tissue Ki-67 (MIB-1 immunochemistry), and serum levels of progesterone, IGF-1, and IGFBP3, bioavailable estradiol and testosterone. Twenty-eight perimenopausal and postmenopausal women at increased risk for breast cancer were enrolled: 13 in cohort A with baseline Ki-67 < 1% and 15 in cohort B with baseline Ki-67 of 1% to 4%. All completed the study with > 85% drug adherence. Significant changes in biomarkers, uncorrected for multiple comparisons, were a decrease in mammographic fibroglandular volume (P = 0.043); decreases in serum progesterone, bioavailable testosterone, and IGF-1 (P < 0.01), an increase in serum bioavailable estradiol (P < 0.001), and for women from cohort B a reduction in Ki-67 (P = 0.017). An improvement in median hot flash score from 15 at baseline to 0 at 6 months, and menopause-specific quality-of-life total, vasomotor, and sexual domain scores were also observed (P < 0.001). Given the favorable effects on risk biomarkers and patient reported outcomes, a placebo-controlled phase IIB trial is warranted.