bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CRYPTOCURRENCY AS A UNIVERSAL CURRENCY OF THE FUTURE
Authors: Кенжин Ж.Б. , Мукина Г.С. , Досанова А.К. , Ксембаева А.Н. , Kenzhin Zh. , Mukina G. , Dosanova A. , Xembayeva A.
Published: February 2022

В эпоху цифровизации человечество использует актуальные концепции и технологии, которые помогают упростить жизнь. Развитие информационных технологий оказало значительное влияние на экономическую трансформацию, и привело к появлению электронных денег. Достижения в информационных технологиях облегчили их транзакцию, возникла новая система – криптовалюта, не нуждающаяся в финансовых посредниках. Криптовалюты существуют уже более десяти лет, и их популярность стремительно набирает обороты. Одна из современных технологий, используемых для транзакций с криптовалютами, преимущества и недостатки которой до сих пор неясны, называется блокчейн. По мнению одних экспертов, это технология будущего, но по мнению других – это угроза конфиденциальности пользователей. В статье предпринята попытка обозначить отношение пользователей к криптовалютам. Так как природа криптовалюты неконтролируема, она вызывает множество вопросов у экспертов в данной области. В этом исследовании был произведён систематический библиометрический анализ, в котором, основываясь на мнениях экспертов в области криптовалютного рынка, представлены положительные и отрицательные стороны использования криптовалют. Статья будет полезна исследователям, которые изучают вопросы криптовалюты и блокчейна в области экономических наук.

In the era of digitalization, humankind uses up-to-date concepts and technologies that allow simplifying life. The development of information technology has had a significant impact on the economic transformation, and led to the emergence of cyber money. Advances in information technology facilitated the money transaction, and a new system emerged, that is cryptocurrency which does not require financial intermediaries. Cryptocurrencies have been around for over a decade and their popularity is still growing. One of the modern technologies used for cryptocurrency transactions, the pros and cons of which are unclear to date, is blockchain. Some experts claim this is the technology of the future, while others say it is a threat to user privacy. This article attempts to outline users' attitudes to cryptocurrencies. Since the nature of cryptocurrency is uncontrollable, it raises many questions from experts in the field. Based on their views, this study employs a systematic bibliometric analysis showing both positive and negative aspects of using cryptocurrencies. The paper could be useful for researchers specializing in cryptocurrency and blockchain issues in the field of economic sciences
Study of Eco-Touristic Services and Forest Rehabilitation Activities in the Context of Pandemic Covid-19 and Other Affecting Factors by the Example of Hrazdan Forest Farm
Authors: Zakaryan E.A. , Galstyan M.H. , Sargsyan K.Sh. , Gevorgyan E.F.
Published: February 2022

The study results have disclosed that in 2020, due to pandemic and war, only recreation and eco-touristic services estimated as 10 mln 755 thousand (30.6 % of the total) AMD were rendered against those of total 35 mln 145 thousand AMD available in Tsaghkadzor city, while the forest rehabilitation activities were underperformed by 3 hectare land area or by 33.3 %; besides, illegal logging increased by 1.8 and 2.2 ha respectively as compared to the previous two years.
So, forest ecosystem-based recreation and eco-touristic services should be integrated in the overall economic system, while at least 30 % of profit should be allocated for the conservation of forest landscapes.
Mastitis Incidence in First-Calf Heifers on the Small Farms of the Republic of Armenia
Authors: Melkonyan Zh.S. , Khotsanyan V.V. , Sukiasyan K.A. , Nikoghosyan E.A.
Published: February 2022

The article presents the results of scientific research aimed at studying mastitis incidence in first-calf heifers and the affection of udder quarters in the mastitic first-calf heifers on eleven small farms in the Kotayk and Ararat regions of Armenia.
According to the results of scientific research, subclinical mastitis incidence in first-calf heifers made 32.3 %, while the number of affected udder quarters was 78 (per 100 animal units). The clinical mastitis was diagnosed in 10.7 % of firstcalf heifers and the number of affected udder quarters was 25.
Upon the research results, the experimental farms were provided with practical recommendations on prevention of mastitis in first-calf heifers.
Responsive Mechanical Metamaterials for Unprecedent Wave Control and Odd Elasticity
Authors: Huang Guoliang
Published: February 2022

Biological and artificial machinery systems have utilized the approach made by sensing, actuating, and information processing to adapt themselves to environmental changes, maintain dynamic equilibrium, and execute particular functions. In this talk, we present how to leverage this approach to construct active and responsive mechanical metamaterials for enabling a range of unprecedent wave phenomena and mechanical properties. The active mechanical metamaterials are composed of piezoelectric sensors and actuators connected with digital electronic circuits. The electrical circuits implemented allow for precisely and independently modulating mechanical properties of the metamaterial through programmable transfer functions. By developing active theory, numerical simulations and conducting experimental testing, we systematically demonstrate their application in broadband wave mitigation, independently wave transmission and reflection control, non-local dynamics, wave mode conversion and odd micropolar elasticity for realizing non-Hermitian mechanics and dynamics.
Modelos mentais dos estudantes do Ensino Médio sobre chuva ácida e efeito estufa
Authors: Ramos Kevin Felipe , Gibin Gustavo Bizarria
Published: February 2022

Os estudantes apresentam dificuldade para desenvolver modelos mentais sobre conceitos químicos em nível macroscópico e submicroscópico. Assim, a pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar os modelos expressos pelos estudantes sobre os conceitos químicos de chuva ácida e Efeito Estufa em diferentes níveis de representação, com o uso de variados recursos pedagógicos. O referencial teórico consiste na teoria dos modelos mentais de Johnson-Laird. A metodologia pautou nos três momentos pedagógicos propostos por Delizoicov. As aulas e as atividades propostas foram desenvolvidas para os estudantes da terceira série do Ensino Médio de uma escola pública estadual, da região oeste do estado de São Paulo, pela plataforma Google Meet. A análise de dados baseou-se no método de análise de tokens, de caráter qualitativo, proposto por Johnson-Laird. Por meio da análise de dados, constatou-se que o uso de simuladores e a experimentação auxiliou no desenvolvimento de modelos mentais dos estudantes sobre os conceitos abordados. Além disso, destaca-se a ampliação da investigação dos modelos mentais dos estudantes, nos diferentes níveis de representação dos conceitos químicos, por meio do uso de recursos pedagógicos, pela comunidade acadêmica, a fim de compreender como os estudantes pensam determinados conceitos científicos e tentar promover melhorias nos modelos expressos pelos estudantes
Impediment on Primary Schools and Teachers from Human Capital Utilization: A Conceptual Study of the Learning Process with Gender Discrimination Perspective
Authors: TARIQ MOMINAH , -ZAMAN SOHAIB-UZ
Published: February 2022

Pakistan is a developing state with an extreme need to provide primary students with the greatest available educational opportunities. The purpose of this research was to discover that female teachers are more beneficial for primary students because of their nurturing and caring nature. Also, the impact of HR practices i.e., Job satisfaction on the commitment of teaching with gender discrimination perspective. The study was conducted among a Pakistan, sample drawn from Karachi. An online survey was conducted from government and private sector schools in Pakistan.205 teachers of various districts of Karachi, Pakistan was randomly selected, irrespective of gender, age, work experience and dispensed with a questionnaire. Chi-square test analysis was used because gender is a categorical variable. The result of the study reveals that a female teacher is more committed to the teaching profession. Also, primary students are more comfortable with the female teacher due to the nurturing, caring, and loving nature of this gender. Female teachers are more satisfied with the schooling job and enjoyed it. On the other hand, male teachers are less satisfied with school jobs due to many reasons like less pay, a monotonous work routine, etc. Hence, we accepted all the hypotheses of a study.
10 kHz Spinal Cord Stimulation for the Treatment of Non-Surgical Refractory Back Pain: A Case Report
Authors: Dalal Suhani , Chitneni Ahish , Mahmood Syed , Kaye Alan D. , Hasoon Jamal
Published: February 2022

Back pain is one of the most common healthcare burdens in the United States and is the number one cause of disability worldwide. Treatment options for back pain usually emphasizes conservative modalities such as reassurance, education, physical therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, medication management, and interventional pain procedures. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a minimally invasive and reversible therapy used to treat various pain syndromes. The primary indications for SCS therapy are failed back surgery syndrome and complex regional pain syndrome. However, recent advances in therapy have expanded the use of SCS for a variety of chronic pain conditions including nonsurgical back pain and radiculopathy. We present the case of a patient with low back and lumbar radicular pain complaints that were not responsive to traditional conservative and interventional options who was successfully treated with 10 kHz spinal cord stimulation.
Deteksi Pemakaian Helm Proyek Dengan Metode Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Widodo Bambang , Armanto Hendrawan Armanto , Setyati Endang
Published: February 2022

Penggunaan helm proyek pada pekerjaan dengan resiko kecelakaan tinggi seperti pekerjaan konstruksi seringkali diabaikan oleh pekerja, sehingga apabila terjadi kecelakaan kerja yang tidak diinginkan seperti kejatuhan benda keras dari atas atau terjadi benturan keras pada kepala akan berakibat fatal bagi pekerja tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi pemakaian helm proyek oleh pekerja konstruksi pada citra. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Convolutional Neural Network YOLO. Sistem terdiri dari tiga proses utama yaitu proses pre processing, proses training dan proses deteksi. Proses pre processing adalah melakukan resize dan anotasi labeling pada citra dataset. Selanjutnya adalah proses training pada dataset dengan menggunakan transfer learning YOLOv2. Pada proses deteksi digunakan 4 buah anchor box pada setiap grid pada citra, hasil dari mencari nilai ukuran bounding box yang memiliki IOU terbaik dengan melakukan proses clustering pada dataset training dan validasi yang terdapat bounding box menggunakan algoritma K-Mean clustering. Algoritma Intersection Over Union (IOU) dan Non Max Suppression (NMS) digunakan agar bounding box prediksi yang dibuat presisi dengan objek yang berhasil dideteksi dan untuk menghilangkan multideteksi pada objek yang sama. Proses deteksi pada sistem ini melakukan lokalisasi dan klasifikasi dengan sekali langkah proses sehingga hasil dari proses deteksi ini adalah orang menggunakan helm proyek dan orang tidak menggunakan helm proyek. Pengujian sistem deteksi dilakukan secara individu maupun kelompok maksimal 5 orang dengan F1-score yang diperoleh sebesar 0,79.
Ekstraksi Ulasan Sentimen Film dari Twitter dengan Naïve Bayes pada Situs Web Media Sosial Penggemar Film
Authors: Sooai Adri Gabriel , Laniwati Melania
Published: February 2022

Film dianggap sebagai bentuk seni serta merupakan sumber hiburan yang populer. Pembuatan penelitian ini diharapkan bisa membantu orang Indonesia untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang film serta membaca review dari film. Review film yang ada pada website ini didapatkan dari user-user lokal maupun dari Twitter. Sistem mengekstraksi dan mengkategorikan isi sentiment dari sebuah barisan teks tweet dengan menggunakan metodologi Basic Unified Process. Proses klasifikasi sentiment yang ada bertujuan untuk mengklasifikasi review sebagai positif/negatif. Seluruh tweet akan diproses melalui Feature Reduction dan Normalisasi. Proses Feature Reduction akan menghapus hashtag, username, link, dan tanda baca pada tweets. Pada proses Normalisasi, seluruh singkatan dan kata bukan baku pada tweets akan diganti. Penelitian ini menggunakan sistem Rule-Based dalam menentukan apakah tweet tersebut merupakan review film atau bukan. Penulis menggunakan algoritma Naïve Bayes untuk mengklasifikasi sentiment (positif/negatif) dari review. Penulis telah melakukan 8 buah pengujian, masing-masing 4 kali untuk pengujian sistem Rule-Based dan Naïve Bayes Classifier. Total data tweet yang diujicobakan adalah sebanyak 6.323, dan hasil akhir paling optimal yang didapatkan oleh sistem terhadap Rule-Based System menghasilkan akurasi sebesar 82,64% dan terhadap Naïve Bayes Classifier sebesar 74,09%. Dari hasil pengujian paling optimal ini, sistem mendapatkan nilai recall dan presisi masing-masing sebesar 71,44% dan 77,92% untuk Rule-Based System, serta 83,77% dan 77,65% untuk Naïve Bayes.
Analysis of Poverty Convergence at The District/City Level in East Java Province
Authors: Harun Al Azies  , Wahyu Wisnu Wardana
Published: February 2022

This paper aims to investigate the presence of poverty convergence across regions in East Java over the period of 2008-2018. By employing σ-convergence dan β-convergence, we find that in general there is no strong evidence of poverty convergence across regions. Furthermore, disaggregating the analysis into urban (city) and rural (municipality) areas reveals that there is a tendency of poverty convergence across cities in East Java. In contrast, the finding suggests that municipalities in East Java tended to experience poverty divergence. Other conclusions based on the results of absolute and conditional convergence show that there is a process of convergence of poverty in urban (city) and rural (municipality) during the period 2011-2014.
Os benefícios da hidroginástica na visão dos participantes do Programa Universidade Aberta à Terceira Idade/UEFS – BA
Authors: Ramos Evodio Mauricio Oliveira , Novaes Amanda Leite , Santos Vénete Vieira dos
Published: February 2022

Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter descritivo que teve como objetivo analisar os benefícios da prática da hidroginástica na visão dos participantes do Programa da Universidade Aberta à Terceira Idade da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UATI/UEFS). Para isso, buscou-se identificar a relação entre as experiências vivenciadas nas atividades da hidroginástica e a melhoria da qualidade de vida percebida pelos participantes. Na metodologia foi utilizado o questionário e entrevista semiestruturada para a produção dos dados e à Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin (1997) para a compreensão das informações coletadas. Diante dos resultados encontrados podemos inferir ser possível uma melhora expressiva na busca de um envelhecimento saudável considerando todos os aspectos que perpassam o processo de envelhecimento na pessoa idosa. Nesse sentido, a prática da hidroginástica foi considerada uma excelente atividade e grande aliada para prevenção e promoção da qualidade de vida no cotidiano, melhorando habilidades básicas essenciais para autonomia do idoso e independência das atividades diárias, além de contribuir para a reinserção em sociedade.
Democracia em tempos de bárbarie: a desigualdadade social e a educação no Brasil
Authors: Santos Pablo Silva Machado Bispo dos , Motta Diones
Published: February 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo destacar como uma democracia ameaçada pode intensificar a desigualdade social em um país e comprometer a educação da atual e das futuras gerações. Para tanto, foi utilizado o método qualitativo de pesquisa com base no levantamento de fontes bibliográficas primárias e secundárias que possibilita conhecer as (im)possibilidades democráticas no sistema capitalista e a compreender como é produzida a desigualdade social em um país como o Brasil, de grande dimensão territorial, marcado historicamente por uma má distribuição de renda. A tônica da discussão é voltada para a onda da bolsonarização instaurada no Brasil, de forma mais acentuada, a partir das eleições de 2018, levando ao Planalto um presidente de extrema direita, conservador, autoritário e que se apresenta como uma ameaça para a democracia do país. Nesta análise teórica e empírica, é possível identificar um Brasil ainda mais desigual, rendido a um sistema de estratificação social que desprestigia e desfavorece a educação básica e superior do país.
Advances in Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapy for Resectable NSCLC (CME article)
Authors: Alsawah Fares , Uprety Dipesh
Published: February 2022

Resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is currently treated with cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy following surgical resection. Despite treatment with curative intent, there are high rates of disease recurrence with distant metastases, resulting in a 5-year mortality of 20-60%. Advances in immunotherapy (IO) in stage III and IV have led to improvements in overall survival. Our article reviews important studies utilizing IO in both the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings for resectable NSCLC. We highlight the results of two phase III randomized studies, Checkmate 816 for neoadjuvant therapy and IMpower 010 for adjuvant therapy. If clinically meaningful event-free survial benefit is observed, Checkmate 816 will likely lead to the first FDA approved regimen for neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in resectable NSCLC. IMpower 010 has led to the FDA approval of adjuvant atezolizumab for resected NSCLC with PD-L1 ≥ 1%. We provide our insight into how the results of these studies should be applied clinically. We also discuss the data and current indications for the use of targeted molecular therapy, including the results of the ADAURA trial for adjuvant osimertinib. We conclude by discussing future considerations.
Menumbuhkan Minat Kewirausahaan Melalui Pembuatan Perencanaan Bisnis (BUSINESS PLAN) Studi Kasus Mahasiswa Jurusan Ekonomi Syariah di STAI Denpasar Bali
Authors: Iswahyuni Iswahyuni
Published: February 2022

ABSTRAK
Minat kewirausahaan mahasiswa sebagai generasi muda harus dieksplorasi semaksimal mungkin dan diberikan pelatihan yang dapat mendukung minat tersebut sehingga diharapkan dapat memberikan andil dalam menurunkan angka pengangguran di Indonesia dan menciptakan lapangan pekerjaan baru yang lebih inovatif. Dengan pembuatan business plan merupakan treatment awal untuk mengetahui mindset dari pola minat mahasiswa dalam menciptakan usaha dengan keterbatasan modal, mengingat mahasiswa pada dasarnya pribadi yang belum memiliki tabungan yang cukup untuk membuka usaha sehingga mereka perlu diberi training yang berhubungan dengan business plan sehingga dapat berdampak pada perkembangan minat mahasiswa. Selain pendidikan informal dan nonformal, pendidikan formal juga cukup berperan dalam membentuk minat berwirausaha karena pendidikan formal telah memberikan bekal yang baik bagi tumbuhnya minat berwirausaha. Jadi pendidikan merupakan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi minat berwirausaha. Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara minat kewirausahaan dengan pembuatan business plan pada mahasiswa Jurusan Ekonomi Syariah STAI Denpasar Bali, dimana minat kewirausahaan mahasiswa tinggi sehingga mampu membuat business plan dengan baik. Sehingga tidak ada keraguan bahwa pembuatan Bussines Plan dapat menumbuhkan minat kewirausahaan.
 
ABSTRACT
Student entrepreneurial interest as a young generation must be explored as much as possible andtraining that can support this interest is expected to be expected to contribute to reducing unemployment in Indonesia and creating new, more innovative jobs. Making a business plan is the initial treatment to find out the mindset of the pattern of student interest in creating businesses with limited capital, considering that students are basically individuals who do not have enough savings to open a business so they need to be given training related to business plans so that it can have an impact on the development of student interest. In addition to informal and informal education, formal education is also quite instrumental in shaping entrepreneurial interest because formal education has provided a good stock for growing entrepreneurial interest. So education is one of the factors that influence entrepreneurial interest. There is a significant relationship between entrepreneurial interests with the making of a business plan for students of the Department of Sharia Economics STAI Denpasar Bali. where the entrepreneurial interest of students is high so they are able to make a good business plan. So there is no doubt that making a Business Plan can foster entrepreneurial interest.
Penerapan Pembelajaran Kontekstual Tematik untuk Meningkatkan Partisipasi dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas X IPS MA Raudlotul Huffadz Kediri Tabanan Semester II Tahun Pelajaran 2015-2016
Authors: Ismail Syarof Nursyah
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapanpembelajaran kontekstual tematik untuk meningkatkan partisipasidan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas X IPS MA Raudlotul Huffadz Kediri Tabanan Semester II Tahun Pelajaran 2015/2016. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yakni metode penelitian tindakan kelas dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran kontekstual tematik pada siswa XIPS MA Raudlotul Huffadz Kediri Tabanan. Bentuk penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (classroomaction research).Penelitian tindakan yang dilaksanakan dalam penelitianini sebagai strategi pemecahan masalah untuk meningkatkan partisipasi dan hasil belajar siswa dengan memanfaatkan tindakan melalui pembelajaran kontekstual tematikkemudian melakukan refleksi terhadap hasil tindakan. Manfaat yang dirasakan siswa dengan pembelajaran kontekstualtematik yakni mengaitkan materi yang diajarkan dengan situasi dunia nyata siswa ke dalam kelas.
Pengaruh Iklan Zakat Melalui Media Online Terhadap Loyalitas Muzaki di Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (BAZNAS) Provinsi Bali
Authors: Iswahyuni Iswahyuni
Published: February 2022

Pemasaran mempunyai peran penting bagi keberlanjutan perusahaan. Melalui pemasaran, hasil produksi dapat diperkenalkan, dan dibeli oleh konsumen. Apabila hasil produksinya baik, dapat menimbulkan kepuasan di hati konsumen maka mereka akan tertarik dan menjadi langganan di suatu produk yang kita kenalkan.Rumusan masalah penelitian ini adalah 1. Apakah ada pengaruh iklan zakat secara signifikan terhadap loyalitas muzaki di Baznas Provinsi Bali? 2. Apakah ada pengaruh signifikan antara media online terhadap loyalitas muzakki di Baznas Provinsi Bali?. 3. Apakah ada pengaruh iklan zakat melalui media online secara simultan terhadap loyalitas muzaki di Baznas Provinsi Bali?.Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah 1. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh signifikan antara variabel iklan terhadap loyalitas muzaki di Baznas Provinsi Bali 2. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh yang signifikan dari variabel media online terhadap variabel loyalitas muzaki di Baznas Provinsi Bali 3. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh iklan zakat melalui media online.Metode pada penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan melakukan survei. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah muzakki di Baznas Provinsi Bali. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 43 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan untuk menjawab hipotesis adalah uji regresi berganda dan uji asumsi klasik dengan menggunakan SPSS for windows 7 versi 25. Dari hasil pengolahan data menggunakan SPSS ditemukan hasil penelitian bahwa uji regresi berganda adalah 1,425 0.221 dan 0.223 serta hasil uji koefisien determinasi R2 sebesar 0,555 dengan nilai signifikan 0,00 < 0,05 dengan secara simultan sebesar 24,934 > 3,23 dengan signifikan 0,00 besarnya nilai loyalita muzaki tersebut menunjukkan adanya pengaruh antara iklan zakat melalui media online terhadap loyalitas muzaki di Baznas Provinsi Bali baik secara parsial atau terpisah maupun secara simultan.
Indonesian Taxation
Authors:   Universitas Jember, Niken Wilantari Regina
Published: February 2022

This Indonesian Taxation Book describes taxation in general in Indonesia so that it can provide an overview for business practitioners, especially business practitioners who are not Indonesian citizens. However, they have a business in Indonesia and can be used as a tax textbook for students. This Indonesian Taxation Book discusses 5 general topics including: 1. Indonesian Tax and Tax Law 2. Classification of Taxes in Indonesia 3. Tax Payable, and Tax Collection in Indonesia 4. General Provisions and Tax Procedures in Indonesia 5. Indonesia's Fiscal and Macroeconomic Policy The five topics constitute basic knowledge for understanding taxation in Indonesia, including understanding the impact of fiscal policy on Indonesia's macroeconomy. Where Indonesia's macroeconomy is an indicator in making business decisions and investment by international business practitioners who want to invest or open a business in Indonesia The author is working hard to develop this book to its full potential for students. However, constructive criticism and suggestions are open to writers for all parties for the sake of perfection in the development of international economics textbooks.
COVID-19 Pandemic as A Catalyst for Fostering Reformed Pedagogy in Science Education
Authors: Mavuru Lydia , Ramaila Sam
Published: February 2022

The study examined the role of COVID-19 pandemic as a catalyst for fostering reformed pedagogy in science education within the South African context. The prevalence of COVID-19 pandemic compelled teachers as key agents of educational change to fundamentally rethink their pedagogical practices with a view to bring about reformed pedagogy. The study adopted a phenomenological design located within the critical paradigm. The empirical investigation involved 21 purposively selected in-service science teachers enrolled for postgraduate studies in science education at a South African university. Critical theory was adopted as a theoretical lens to provide insightful elucidation into how science teachers negotiated and transformed their pedagogical practices in response to the formidable challenges posed by COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic critically exposed socio-economic disparities in science teaching and learning within the broader South African context. Under-resourced schools represented inappropriate educational entities which rendered encouragement of critical thinking and promotion of innovative pedagogical practices extremely difficult to realize. Science teachers at under-resourced schools were largely left to their own devices when navigating formidable challenges posed by the prevalence of COVID-19 pandemic. This dilemma represents a structural problem that ought to be addressed as a matter of priority in order to ensure social justice in terms of the creation of conducive teaching and learning environments at under-resourced schools in particular. Meaningful transformation of pedagogy remains an arduous task in the face of fundamental challenges afflicting teacher professional growth and its ramifications.
Characteristics of natural wind - Pt. I: Mean flow
Authors: SHARAN V. KR.
Published: February 2022

The aerodynamic friction offered by various objects on the earth and the earth itself to the movement of air creates wind forces on structures. These wind forces have become more and more critical due to the more slender and unusual design of present day structures. The available data on mean wind speed measurement in the lower part of the atmospheric boundary layer, as relevant to wind loading on structures, are analysed critically and correlated analytically. It is concluded that under certain conditions the variation of mean wind speed with height ill neutral stability can be satisfactorily represent6d by a simple power law. The index of the power law and the corresponding gradi6llt height must, however, be varied to take account of the roughness of the surface. Further the total change in mean wind direction over a few hundred feet being a few degrees, may be neglected during considerations of most structures. Finally suggestions are made for the power law exponent, gradient height and the surface drag coefficient for the four typical categories of terrain. The suggested values are confirmed by recent measurements of wind speed made in various parts of the world.
Characteristics of natural wind - Pt. II: Turbulent flow
Authors: SHARAN V. KR.
Published: February 2022

The characteristics of wind fluctuations are critically reviewed and analysed in terms of turbulence, intensiy, power spectral density and correlation coefficient, It is shown that root mean square gust speed decreases very slightly with height in the lower part of the boundary layer, Various mathematical models of power spectrum for the three components of the fluctuating wind velocity are critically discussed, It is noted that u and v spectra show a greater dependence on the type of the terrain suggesting that meso-scale features are of importance for the low frequency portion, The low frequency portion of u- and v-spectra react to changes in atmospheric stability with the v-spectrum being more dependent ~an u-spectrum, The u-spectrum follows the similarity theory the most of the three components, The vertical spectrum appears to be dependent on height whereas it is difficult to conjecture in favour of either hypothesis for the horizontal spectra, Correlation coefficient measurements of u-and v-components show that the length scales increase with height, Based on the assumption of Taylor's hypothesis and isotropy, expressions are given for the theoretical prediction of correlation coefficient, coherence and the various length scales. Both analytical and empirical gust factor models are presented and it is shown that the gust factor varies with the averaging time period, the site conditions and the height above the ground.
Point discharge current and its dependence on potential gradient and wind speed
Authors: GUPTA J. P.
Published: February 2022

The study of point discharge current has been made using an isolated metallic sharp point raised above the earth's surface, A theoretical relation between the point discharge current, wind speed and the potential gradient has been derived and the results have been compared with experimental observations.
Derivation of ionization equations for the simulation of auroral effects
Authors: CITRYNELL HAROLD
Published: February 2022

Equations are derived for calculating ionization rates for three basic types of electron energy spectrum distributions. These can be combined to model observed auroral electron energy distributions, in order to simulate auroral effects and effects due to electron precipitation, Calculated auroral 5577 A0/3914 A0 intensity ratios, using the ionization rates obtained by means of the derived equations, at the altitudes of 120, 160 and 200 km, show good agreement with observations.
Kinematics of the transport of momentum by tilted troughs.
Authors: ASNANI G.C.
Published: February 2022

It is shown that in x, y plane, while the direction of tangent to a tilted trough indicates whether the u-momentum flux is northwards or southwards, the curving or the concavity of the tilted trough indicates whether there is convergence or divergence of the momentum flux; Concavity of a trough towards east indicates divergence of flux and concavity towards west indicates convergence of momentum flux. The magnitude of this divergence for parabolically tilted trough is given by average value of (meridional velocity )2/(semi latus rectum of the parabola). Formulae are also given for momentum flux and its divergence when the tilted trough is a cubic curve. Qualitative pattern of the momentum flux and its divergence are given for various trough patterns to enable an analyst to infer the same from a mere look at the pattern on a chart.
Agricultural drought of 1972 Kharif season
Authors: GEORGE C.J. , RAMASASTRI K.S.
Published: February 2022

By computing weekly water balance of a selected network of stations in the, country, agricultural drought of the 1972 Kharif season was studied. Weekly aridity Index value above the climatic aridity Index, has been used to identify, drought incidence. The study shows that prolonged drought spell abating only, for short periods prevailed in the season over large areas of Madhya Maharashtra, Marathwada, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Interior, Mysore and Andhra Pradesh, Newspaper and crop reports of the period substantiated these findings.
Assessment of soil moisture storage from rainfall and its utility in Rabi crop planning in Haryana State
Authors: BISHNOI O.P.
Published: February 2022

An assessment of the accumulated soil moisture has been made during the Sub-normal, and above normal years of rainfall over Haryana State. It was found that the accumulated soil moisture of 20 ay to 170 mm during the sub-normal years, 50 to 300 mm during the normal years, 100 to 500 mm during the above normal years exist from southwest, zone to the northern region of the State. The Rabi crop planning strategy has been formulated for optimization of the yield with the given quantity of water available due to the existing rainfall patterns.
A statistical study of Koyna aftershocks for the period January I968-0ctober I973
Authors: SHARMA H. S. S. , MURTY G. S.
Published: February 2022

A statistical study of the aftershocks originating from Koyna region recorded at Gauribidanur seismic array t. made to find the time dependence of energy release. A total number of 210 aftershocks, most of whose magnitudes on Richter scale vary from 808 to 6.8, which occurred during the period January 1968 to October 1973 were analysed. It is found that the cumulative energy release in this period shows, in general, a tendency to vary as the square root of time that elapsed after January 1968 apart from some fluctuations.
Development and movement of a mid-tropospheric Cyclone in the westerlies over India
Authors: SINGH M. S. , RAO A. V. R. K. , GUPTA S. C.
Published: February 2022

The effect of a developing upper tropospheric ridge in the westerlies on the trough ahead has been studied. It has been shown that growth of an upstream ridge is one of the important factors for the development of the downstream trough, and if the ridge continues to build up, the  trough, inspite of the formation of a cut off low in it, continues to deepen and so does the cut off low which can become a deep cyclone showing SE'ly movement as envisaged by Bjerknes ( 1951).
Some features of PC5 pulsations at Nagarampalem (17°43' N, 83°18' E)
Authors: RAO M. S. , MURTHY A. G. K. , RAO T. V. G. K. , MURTHY B. S.
Published: February 2022

From an analysis of Telluric current fluctuations recorded at Nagarampalem, a low latitude station close to Waltair, some features of PC5 pulsations are reported. Occurrence of PC5 is mostly during daytime, with a maximum around 0800-1000 hr L.T. and also is dependent on magnetic activity, The amplitude of PC5 pulsations is noticed to increase with the increase of Kp, Polarisations of PC5 pulsations are mostly elliptic with rather low ellipticities. The sense of polarisation is generally clockwise.
Spectral studies of total cloud cover and effective long-wave radiation over the Bay of Bengal during Monex-79
Authors: MOHANTY U. C.
Published: February 2022

Using the data on air and sea surface temperature and total cloud cover recorded of the country, by a fixed polygon of ships over the Bay of Bengal during MONEX-79 from 11 to 23 July 1919, the effective long-wave radiation from the sea surface was calculated by a semi-empirical relation. This relation was found to agree satisfactorily with observed values of outgoing radiation during Monsoon- 77. A statistical analysis revealed very good negative correlation between the effective outgoing radiation and the total cloud cover (N). In view of this correlation, we performed a spectral analysis of the effective outgoing radiation and the total cloud cover. The paper presents the results of the spectral analysis, including the square of the coherency and the phase difference between these two variates.
Use of modified Blaney and Criddle formula for Estimating water requirements
Authors: RAO K. SUBBA , YAZDANI G.
Published: February 2022

Experimental values of crop growth stage coefficients (Kc) were determined for paddy and sugarcane using lysimetric data recorded at Canning. Nellore, Annamalainagar and Anakapalle. Kc varies with the type of the crop, location and season. The seasonal variation of Kc is similar to potential evapotranspiration (PET).
An electronic relay for telecommunication equipment
Authors: DAS S. K. , SUNDARAM K. , PANT K. C.
Published: February 2022

In telecommunication practice, a polarised relay, an electromechanical device, is used to repeat information from a main source to a number of segments. These relays have their own limitations when speed of transmission is increased. The authors have developed an electronic relay, which is much cheaper and highly efficient in operation. This electronic relay can operate on very high speeds and uses very few components.
A physical reason for higher pH of tropical rainwater
Authors: MUKHERJEE A. K. , NAND KRISHNA
Published: February 2022

pH measurements of monsoon rainwater in India indicate that pH values are near about 7.0 which is the neutral value of pure distilled water. However, similar measurements in Europe and USA yield much lower values which are close to the theoretically computed value of 5.65 at 20 deg. c. The above theoretical value is based on the assumption that dissolved carbon dioxide in rainwater is in equilibrium with the atmospheric carbon dioxide. An attempt has been made in this paper to explain the higher pH of tropical rain in terms of the temperature dependence of solubility and dissolution rate of carbon dioxide in rainwater.
Radar estimate of rainfall and latent heat release in tropical cyclones of the Bay of Bengal
Authors: RAGHAVAN S. , VARADARAJAN V. M.
Published: February 2022

Distribution of rainfall rates, and latent heat release in three tropical cyclones of the Ray of Bengal has been estimated with a coastal radar, It is shown that the latent heat release (LHR) distribution and its changes appear well related to the intensity changes of the system and will be a valuable input for storm modelling, Attention is drawn to an asymmetrical distribution of LHR in one storm and the need to postulate a mechanism for transfer of the energy released to the large scale storm field in such cases.

 

The operational value of rainfall distribution estimates by radar for realtime warnings of flood and rain damage due to tropical cyclones is illustrated.

 

Radar is the only available tool in this area for continuous monitoring of cyclones in the absence of a geostationary satellite, Even when the latter becomes available radar can provide the ground-truth for rainfall and latent heat release determinations.
Mean heat island intensities at Delhi -Assessed from Urban Climatological data
Authors: NAND KRISHNA , MASKE S. J.
Published: February 2022

Based on data collected from 11 Urban Climatological stations in Delhi during 1976, mean heat island intensities at Delhi have been assessed from analyses of minimum temperature fields in different months. It has been found that maximum monthly mean heat island intensity, at  Delhi was of the order of about 5 deg. C during March in the congested and heavily populated area near Subzi Mandi, and the minimum was about 0.8 deg. C during July. A cold pocket was also observed near South Patel Nagar where congestion is less. Further, the magnitude of maximum monthly mean value of the difference in maximum temperature between a location having the highest maximum temperature and a location having the lowest maximum temperature (on the same day) did not exceed 1 deg. C during any month.
A lysimetric study at Ludhiana for weather based irrigation Scheduling for kharif maize – Variety Vijay
Authors: VENKATARAMAN S.
Published: February 2022

The seasonal march of evapotranspiration (ET) of kharif maize, in relation to pan evaporation (EP), rainfall and irrigation at Ludhiana in 1977 and 1978 are presented. The quantum of easily available field moisture for potential ET is seen to be 12 cm. The crop shows physiological senescence about 15 days from harvest. Peak consumption is from 5th to 12th week after sowing and the peak rate is 1.5 and 0.2 times that of EP. An irrigation schedule based on evaporimetry is indicated.
Variation in snow cover density -A pilot study
Authors: UPADHYAY D. S.
Published: February 2022

Observations of snow cover recorded at three stations in snow bound areas of northwest Kashmir for the period 1973-77 have been analysed with the aim to bring out (i) variability of fresh snow density with ambient temperature and time and its effect on water equivalent and (ii) variability of snow cover density with depth, slope orientation and different winter months.
Areal rainfall in the Kathmandu valley
Authors: NAYAVA JANAK L.
Published: February 2022

The mesoscale variation of rainfall in the Kathmandu valley and surrounding regions have been estimated for 1225 grid points by computer program, which considers the effect of orography an important factor in areas like the Kathmandu valley where sharp topographical variations occur within small distances.
Geographical distribution of physioclimatic regimes over India
Authors: CHOWDHURY A. , GANESAN H. R.
Published: February 2022

Utilising monthly normals of daily maximum and minimum temperature and their corresponding relative humidity for 223 stations distributed over India, Comfort Indices CS (Annual Cummulative Stress), PCS (Proportional Cumulative Stress), APR (Annual Physioclimatic Regime) have been computed and the geographical classification of physioclimatic regimes over India on the basis of the above comfort indices has been discussed. The practical utility of the classification has also been mentioned.
Storm surges in the Gulf of Thailand
Authors: SINHA M. C.
Published: February 2022

The paper describes a linear model for computing storm surges in the Gulf of Thailand. The coastal configuration of this Gulf is similar to the Bay of Bengal, but the seabed contours are different. There is no extensive shallow region in the Gulf of Thailand as in the Bay of Bengal. In this paper we compare the response of these two basins to forcing by an idealized storm.
Estimation of rice yield through weather factors in a dry sub-humid region
Authors: CHOWDHURY A. , SARKAR M. B.
Published: February 2022

Rice is staple cereal for a vast population in the country. Naturally it is, therefore, grown in varied climates from per-humid to semi-arid areas. An attempt has been made in this paper to identify weather factors and their duration, which exert influence on the crop growth and the yield for rice grown in the southwestern parts of Madhya Pradesh, a typical dry sub-humid area. Correlation technique has been adopted for this purpose. Apart from routine meteorological parameters, extent to which monthly water need of the plant (i.e., evapotranspiration) is met by monthly rainfall and called efficiency ratio has also been introduced in the analysis. This analysis thus brings out relationship between crop during its various growth phases with important weather parameters.

 

The parameters chosen are then utilised to obtain a linear multiple regression. The coefficient of determination obtained was 0.90 explaining 81 per cent of the yield variation.
Rainfall and energy computations within monsoon Depression field
Authors: CHOUDHURY A.
Published: February 2022

Based on data of 27 depressions which formed in the Bay of Bengal during 1961-74, the mean vertical structure of the humidity field has been presented in the first instance. Radial velocity has been worked out and the resulting mean picture discussed briefly. These two parameters have been combined to obtain, Theoretically possible maximum amount of rainfall within the depression field. Heat released due to condensation process has been computed and discussed.
Flood meteorology of Ganga basin in Bihar : A synoptic analogue study
Authors: PRASAD K. , SEN SARMA A. K.
Published: February 2022

A detailed survey has been made from available records of all past synoptic situations which resulted in heavy rainfall in different subcatchments of Ganga basin in Bihar in different months of the monsoon season. Most of these spells associated with either a low pressure system or break monsoon condition. While the heavy rain associated with break condition is confined to the immediate vicinity of the monsoon trough, effect of a low pressure system extends much beyond its location, It has been possible to delineate an area for each month and each individual subcatchment, location of a low pressure system within which is fraught with risk of heavy rainfall in that particular subcatchment. This area has been termed as the risk zone for the subcatchment.
Stochastic dynamic model for long range prediction of monsoon rainfall in Peninsular India
Authors: THAPLIYAL V.
Published: February 2022

An attempt has been made to develop a Stochastic dynamic model that could be used for forecasting monsoon rainfall, June to September, in the larger sub-division of India, viz., Peninsula. For building such a model the atmosphere bas been considered as a linear dynamic system that converts various inputs into the output, say the rainfall. In this study the 500 mb mean April sub-tropical ridge position along Long. 75° E has been used as input to the atmosphere. The input~ output data for the recent 38 years (1939-1976) have been utilised for developing the model which utilises the dynamics of the atmosphere and also that of the ARIMA process to forecast the rainfall.

 

The performance of the model has been found good during the sample and the test (1977 to 1980) periods. Even in rank drought and excess rainfall years the closeness of the predicted and realised values stands out well. In terms of seven categories currently being used by the India Meteorological Department for describing its long range forecasts, the skill score of the model forecast for the test period has been found equal to one which is the highest that a forecast formula can have. This suggests that the Stochastic Dynamic Model developed here can therefore, be used for issuing more accurate long range monsoon rainfall forecasts about a month ahead of the season for the Peninsula. This would provide enough time for planning adequate strategies for mitigating the disastrous effects that are produced due to the large vagaries of monsoon.
Heavy rains in coastal Andhra Pradesh due to distant effect of storm / depression in southwest Bay
Authors: MUKRERJEE A. K. , DESAI D. S. , TRADE N. B.
Published: February 2022

Coastal Andhra Pradesh (CAP) gets heavy to very heavy rainfall -sometimes leading to floods when a storm/depression in southwest Bay crosses Tamil Nadu coast south of Madras latitude during October and November. This interesting fact is difficult to visualise from the synoptic study though it is very useful for forecasting purposes. This effect can be called as distant effect of the storm/depression. This distant effect is observed in six case studies and the mechanism for such an effect is explained by calculating field of divergence. It is also found that 'distant effect' is only applicable to the storms of October and those occurring in the first fortnight of November. Two storms studied here, one in the second fortnight of November, and other in the first week of December do not completely follow this 'distant effect'.