bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydroamination of alkenes with dinitrogen in a trititanium polyhydride framework
Authors: Shima Takanori , Zhuo Qingde , Zhou Xiaoxi , Wu Ping , Owada Ryota , Luo Gen , Hou Zhaomin
Published: November 2023

The direct use of abundant and easily accessible molecules such as dinitrogen (N2) and alkenes as feedstocks for the synthesis of alkyl amines1 is of great interest and importance but remains a challenge2,3,4. Typically, N2 functionalization requires electrophilic carbon sources to facilitate the C‒N bond formation. Here we report hydroamination of nonactivated alkenes with N2 at a trititanium hydride framework, which can serve as an excellent platform for the activation of both alkenes and N2 and lead to selective C‒N bond formation between these two substrates, efficiently affording the corresponding alkyl amines upon further hydrogenation and protonation. Computational studies reveal the mechanistic details of N2 activation and selective C‒N bond formation. This work demonstrates a new strategy for transformation of N2 and simple hydrocarbons into nitrogen-containing organic compounds mediated by multinuclear hydride frameworks.
A Cross-Sectional Study of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies among Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Taiwan: Implications for Protection against the Omicron Variants
Authors: chen changhua , Chao Day-Yu , Kor Chew-Teng , Kuo Su-Feng , Lin Jen-Shiou , Lai Huei-Wen , Liu Yen-Tze , Lin Ching-Hsiung , Chen Mu-Kuan
Published: November 2023

Background
Taiwan, deeply impacted by the 2003 SARS outbreak, promptly implemented rigorous infection control and prevention (ICP) measures in January 2020 to combat the global COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional serologic study was conducted among healthcare workers (HCWs) in a tertiary care hospital in Taiwan from August 1, 2022, to January 1, 2023. The study aimed to assess HCWs' antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccination against Omicron subvariants BA.1, BA.4, and BA.5, considering variations in prior infection. Additionally, it evaluated the effectiveness of ICP and vaccination policies within the hospital setting in Taiwan.
Methods
A cross-sectional serology study was conducted in Taiwan to investigate the seroprevalence rates of Omicron subvariants BA.1, BA.4, and BA.5 among HCWs. A total of 777 HCWs participated in this study. A structured questionnaire was collected to obtain the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors for potential exposure. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect antibody responses. Serum samples were selected for protection against Omicron subvariants BA.1, BA.4, and BA.5 by using a pseudotyped-based neutralization assay.
Results
More than 99% of the participants had received SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Overall, 57.66% had been infected with SARS-CoV-2, with some being asymptomatic. The SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Spike S1 protein IgG (Anti-S) distribution was 40000 AU/mL for 20.2% (157/777) of participants, with a mean ± standard deviation of 23442 ± 22086. The decay curve for Anti-S was less than 20000 AU/ml after 120 days. The probability curve of 50% neutralization showed an Anti-S of 55000 AU/ml. The optimum Anti-S was 41328 AU/mL, with 86.1% sensitivity and 63.5% specificity.
Conclusions
In this significant study, 20.2% of HCWs achieved seroprotection against Omicron subvariants BA.1, BA.4, and BA.5. Their immunity against Omicron subvariants was further reinforced through recommended vaccinations and the development of natural immunity from SARS-CoV-2 exposure, collectively enhancing their protection against Omicron.
Personality and social rank in male bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis)
Authors: Rood Fabian , Henry Tanisha , Storkova Magdalena , Caulkett Nigel , Neuhaus Peter , Ruckstuhl Kathreen Eva
Published: November 2023

The study explores the dynamics of group living and dominance hierarchies among male Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis). Group living in animals offers advantages like access to resources, yet also fosters competition, often leading to dominance hierarchies. These hierarchies influence resource distribution and aggression levels. This study investigates personality traits, including confidence and aggression, and their correlation with social rank within male bighorn sheep. Through standardized personality tests and observational data, we discerned links between personality and dominance. Age influenced behavior, with younger individuals standing up earlier when approached. More dominant individuals displayed greater confidence, resuming foraging sooner after a human approach. Furthermore, aggression levels correlated with social rank between ages 1 to 6 and then gradually declined with age, with higher-ranking sheep exhibiting fewer antagonistic interactions than middle-aged males. Notably, the study indicates that experimental approaches, in addition to traditional ratings, are viable for understanding personality-dominance associations. While some personality tests, such as novel object trials and reactivity assessments, didn't yield significant correlations, the research underscores the importance of tailoring tests to the species' ecological context. The findings contribute valuable insights into the intricate interplay between personality traits, dominance hierarchies, and social dynamics within male bighorn sheep groups. Understanding these relationships enhances comprehension of species’ behaviour and fitness implications.
The Acceptability of Exercise Prehabilitation: A Mixed Methods Evaluation
Authors: Smyth Emily , Brennan Louise , Enright Rachel , Sekhon Mandeep , Dickson Jane , Hussey Juliette , Guinan Emer
Published: November 2023

Purpose
Exercise prehabilitation aims to increase preoperative fitness, reduce post-operative complications, and improve health-related quality of life. For prehabilitation to work, access to an effective programme which is acceptable to stakeholders is vital. The aim was to explore acceptability of exercise prehabilitation before cancer surgery among key stakeholders specifically patients, family members and healthcare providers.
Methods
A mixed-methods approach (questionnaire and semi-structured interview) underpinned by the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability was utilised. Composite acceptability score, (summation of acceptability constructs and a single-item overall acceptability construct), and median of each construct was calculated. Correlation analysis between the single-item overall acceptability and each construct was completed. Qualitative data was analysed using deductive and inductive thematic analysis.
Results
244 participants completed the questionnaire and n = 31 completed interviews. Composite acceptability was comparable between groups (p = 0.466). Four constructs positively correlated with overall acceptability: affective attitude (r = 0.453), self-efficacy (r = 0.399), ethicality (r = 0.298) and intervention coherence (r = 0.281). Qualitative data confirmed positive feelings, citing psychological benefits including a sense of control. Participants felt flexible prehabilitation program would be suitable for everyone, identifying barriers and facilitators to reduce burden.
Conclusion
Exercise prehabilitation is highly acceptable to key stakeholders. Despite some burden, it is a worthwhile and effective intervention. Stakeholders understand its purpose, are confident in patients’ ability to participate, and regard it is an important intervention contributing to patients’ psychological and physical wellbeing.
Implications:
· Introduction should be comprehensively designed and clearly presented, providing appropriate information and opportunity for questions.
· Programmes should be patient-centred, designed to overcome barriers and address patients’ specific needs and goals.
· Service must be appropriately resourced with a clear referral-pathway.
Age-of-Information in Distributed Systems caused by Asynchronous Computing Modeled as Parallel Renewal Processes
Authors: Redder Adrian
Published: November 2023

We consider methods where processors from a distributed computing (DC) infrastructure compute updates for a set of parameters asynchronously. In such scenarios, the parameter updates can experience practically unbounded stochastic processing times caused by effects like queuing, processor sharing, priorities, preemption, or heavy-tailed traffic. As a result, processors will update parameters multiple times while one processor observes the parameters and calculates a new parameter update based on it. The resulting error between the current parameter and the older version used to calculate the parameter update is thus a function of a discrete information delay that we call Age-of-Information (AoI). To counter the errors caused by AoI, predict the performance of asynchronous algorithms, and effectively solve problems in machine learning and artificial intelligence, it is important to know AoI properties. To do this, we model the processing times in a DC system as parallel renewal processes. For this model, we derive the distribution and moment bounds for the discrete AoI affecting asynchronous algorithms executed on the DC system. We also derive exact expressions for the asymptotic mean and sharp bounds for the asymptotic variance.
Activation of ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis improve cognitive dysfunction induced by isoflurane in mice via oxidative stress
Authors: Zhou Qingyun , Xu Minhui , Liu Binwen , Han Xue , Ma Zhengliang , Xia Tianjiao , Gu Xiaoping
Published: November 2023

Objectives
Long-term inhalation anesthesia is considered to be one of the important causes of postoperative cognitive dysfunction, and our previous studies have confirmed that oxidative stress damage contribute to its mechanistic connection. The ACE2/Ang-(1–7)/Mas axis balances the classic RAS (rat sarcoma, Ras) axis in the body, playing an important role in oxidative stress. Our research focus on ACE2 (angiotensin converting enzyme 2, ACE2) to investigate the mechanism of ACE2/Ang-(1–7)/Mas axis involved in the development of long-term isoflurane anesthesia-induced cognitive impairment.
Methods
We categorized the mice into C + Veh, A + Veh, C + DIZE and A + DIZE groups. 3-month-old male C57BL/6 mice were exposure to long-term isoflurane to induce cognitive impairment. Mice were given DIZE intraperitoneally 10 days before anesthesia to intervene ACE2. Using Y-maze and fear conditioning test to assess cognitive function. Flow Cytometry were used to test the level of ROS. Western blot was used to determine the expression levels of ACE2 and Mas, as same as the cognitive proteins such as P-NR2B and BDNF.
Results
We constructed long-term isoflurane anesthesia-mediated cognitive dysfunction model successfully. After long-term isoflurane anesthesia, the level of ACE2 and Mas in the mouse hippocampus were decreased, accompanied by increased oxidative stress and significant cognitive impairment. After treatment with the ACE2 activator DIZE, the level of ACE2 and Mas were restored and the content of ROS was decreased effectively. More importantly, treatment with DIZE ameliorated cognition dysfunction induced by long-term isoflurane exposure.
Conclusion
These findings suggest that activate the ACE2/Ang-(1–7)/Mas axis can reduce oxidative stress and improve cognitive impairment. Therefore, ACE2/Ang-(1–7)/Mas axis may potentially play a prophylactic role in mitigating isoflurane-induced cognitive decline and other cognitive impairments associated with oxidative stress.
A 3D irrigation canal alignment optimization model for a steep-sloping area with rectangular inclined drops
Authors: Kazemi Mehdi , Tokaldany Ebrahim Amiri , Jha Manoj K , Rudra Ramesh
Published: November 2023

Determining the canal route alignment and placing Rectangular Inclined (RI) drops in terms of the number and the height of each RI is a complex activity due to various technical, economic, and hydraulic issues. Although extensive research has been conducted to design the optimal flow section parameters in a cost-effective manner, an intelligent optimization model that simultaneously evaluates different aspects of the design of an irrigation canal needs further investigation. This paper presents a three-dimensional irrigation canal optimization model for optimally aligning the canal route, place the RI drops, and simultaneously design the flow section parameters. The model has been developed by integrating relevant geospatial information with a particle swarm algorithm to select a real-world option with the least cost without violating executive and hydraulic constraints in the steep-sloping area. The model has been employed with two examples to examine its capability in real-world applications. The results show that the model can optimize canal alignment and RI drop placement in areas with different terrain complexities and slopes. It is also found that while the placement of RI drops is nearly identical to the experimentally stated standards in conventional methods, the solution is obtained in a reasonably shorter computational duration. Pre-cost-estimation tables for different variants of canal routes and RI drop sets along the path of the canal are obtained. The results are very useful for efficient planning and design of irrigation canals.
Assessing colostral and serum immunoglobulin G in alpacas using Brix refractometry and total serum protein
Authors: O’Neill Amber K. , Petzel Christopher E. , Connolly Joanne H. , Vaughan Jane L. , Rotne Randi
Published: November 2023

The adequate transfer of passive immunity is a critical factor in neonatal development and survivability. Although well documented in the dairy and equine industries, the recognition of inadequate immunoglobulin transfer on-farm and its impact on the ability of alpaca cria to thrive is largely unknown. Colostrum samples were collected from female alpaca within 24h of parturition by the owners and whole blood collected from cria by the investigators between 1 and 7 days of age. Direct IgG concentration of milk and serum was determined using radial immunodiffusion assay (RID) and was indirectly estimated using optical and digital Brix refractometry for total solids and clinical refractometry for total serum protein. There was a strong correlation between optical and digital Brix refractometry, and colostral IgG concentration determined by RID. There was a moderate correlation between serum IgG concentration determined by RID and total serum protein in crias. Optical and digital Brix refractometry for colostral IgG estimation and total serum protein for serum IgG estimation are reliable, accurate and easy-to-use tools that can be used on-farm by trained, competent technicians to assess a failure of passive transfer in alpacas. A pilot study at one property only was performed, due to COVID-19 travel restriction interference. Further research is required to determine the reference intervals for these tools to be practical.
Evaluation of the Physicochemical Properties of Different Imported Milk Brands Offered in Afghanistan Markets
Authors: Noori Mohammad Asif , Sarwary Nasir Ahmad , Farkhary Sayed Ibrahim
Published: November 2023

Milk is an enriched food that is widely consumed by humans. It is the source of many nutrients like protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and some gases. The content of high-quality milk should match that of natural standards. In the current study, we evaluated the quality of imported milk brands (Everyday®, Chaika®, Qudrat®, Milk Pak®, and Pegah®) and local cow milks in the markets of Kabul, Afghanistan. For this purpose, we measured the levels of protein, fat, total solids, solids not fat, acidity, pH, and specific gravity of five imported milk brands and local cow milks. Our findings show that the level of protein in imported brands was significantly lower than the standard of cow milk (p < 0.01). Among imported brands the level of protein in Pegah® and Milk Pak® was higher than other brands and standard (p < 0.05). The level of fat in Chaika® and Qudrat® was higher than standard and other brands (p < 0.05), the level of total solid in Pegah® was lower than standard (p < 0.05) and the level of solid not fat in Chaika® and Qudrat® was lower than standard (p < 0.05). Our results show that local cow milk has a higher quality than imported milk brands, and among milk brands, Milk Pak® has a higher quality than other brands, almost the same as the composition of local cow milk when compared with the standard of cow milk.
Molecular mechanisms of Tangningtongluo Tablet in the treatment of diabetes based on network pharmacology and bioinformatics
Authors: Ren Ying , Hu Xiangka , Qi Mushuang , Zhu Wanjun , Li Jin , Yang Shuyu , Dai Chunmei
Published: November 2023

The autoimmune condition known as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is typified by the loss of islet β cells, which leads to hyperglycemia. Through the use of network pharmacology, bioinformatics, and molecular docking, the possible molecular mechanism of the Tangningtongluo Tablet (TNTL Tablet) of DM treatment was investigated in this study. Based on 6482 disease targets and the Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacological (TCMSP), the databases determined 43 active components of the TNTL Tablet. Positive and negative control of apoptosis, enzyme and protein binding, and other biological processes were the main process of Gene Ontology (GO) analysis. The AGE-RAGE, IL-17, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways are implicated in diabetes complications, according to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) studies. Quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, baicalein, β-sitosterol, and stigmasterol were the main ingredients for the treatment of diabetes in the TNTL Tablet-Diabetes of the TCM-component-target-disease network map. MMP9, IGF2, and IFNG for DM are displayed as hub genes in the results of a machine learning method (cox LASSO regression and random forest), using the CIBERSORT algorithm to analyze the correlation of the immune response in DM patients. The molecular docking showed that the TNTL Tablet had strong main active components and hub genes binding activity. Anti-inflammation and inhibition of oxidative stress may be important pathways through which TNTL Tablet exerts its pharmacologic effects. the TNTL Tablet potential therapeutic targets and related molecular mechanisms of treatment diabetes are helpful in the management of DM patients.
RNF126-mediated ubiquitination of FSP1 affects its subcellular localization and ferroptosis
Authors: Ma Jie , Xie Wanqun , Wang Jiajia , Tian Shuaiwei , Zhao Heng , cao liangliang , Liang Zhuangzhuang , Yang Jian , Zhao Yang , Wang Baocheng , Jiang Feng
Published: November 2023

Medulloblastoma (MB) is a prevalent malignant brain tumor among children, which can be classified into four primary molecular subgroups. Group 3 MB (G3-MB) is known to be highly aggressive and associated with a poor prognosis, necessitating the development of novel and effective therapeutic interventions. Ferroptosis, a regulated form of cell death induced by lipid peroxidation, has been identified as a natural tumor suppression mechanism in various cancers. Nevertheless, the potential role of ferroptosis in the treatment of G3-MB remains unexplored. In this study, we demonstrate that RNF126 acts as an anti-ferroptotic gene by interacting with ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1, also known as AIFM2) and ubiquitinating FSP1 at the 4KR-2 sites. Additionally, the deletion of RNF126 reduces the subcellular localization of FSP1 in the plasma membrane, resulting in an increase in the CoQ/CoQH2 ratio in G3-MB. The RNF126-FSP1-CoQ10 pathway plays a pivotal role in suppressing phospholipid peroxidation and ferroptosis both in vivo and in vitro. Our findings indicate that RNF126 regulates G3-MB sensitivity to ferroptosis by ubiquitinating FSP1, which provides new evidence for the potential G3-MB therapy.
Financial difficulties experienced by patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) in the Netherlands: data from a cross-sectional multicenter study
Authors: de Wal Deborah van , Hollander Dide den , Desar Ingrid M. E. , Gelderblom Hans , Oosten Astrid W. , Reyners Anna K. L. , Steeghs Neeltje , Husson Olga , Graaf Winette T. A. van der
Published: November 2023

Purpose
This study aims to (1) explore the prevalence of patient-reported financial difficulties among GIST patients, differentiating between those currently undergoing tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment and those who are not, (2) investigate associations between financial difficulties and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, work, cancer-related concerns, anxiety and depression, and (3) study the impact of financial difficulties on health-related quality of life.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among Dutch GIST patients diagnosed between 2008 and 2018, who were invited to complete a one-time survey between September 2020 and June 2021. Patients completed nine items of the EORTC item bank regarding financial difficulties, seven work-related questions, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Cancer Worry Scale and EORTC QLQ-C30.
Results
In total, 328 GIST patients participated (response rate 63.0%), of which 110 (33.8%) were on TKI treatment. Patients currently treated with TKIs reported significantly more financial difficulties compared to patients not on TKIs (17.3% vs 8.7%, p = 0.03). The odds of experiencing financial difficulties was 18.9 (95%CI 1.7-214.7; p = 0.02) times higher in patients who were less able to work due to their GIST diagnosis. Patients who experienced financial difficulties had significantly lower global quality of life and functioning, and more frequently reported psychological symptoms as compared to patients who did not report financial difficulties.
Conclusion
Even in a country where the costs of TKIs and follow-up care are covered by health insurance, financial difficulties can be present in GIST patients, especially in patients on TKI treatment, and may negatively influence quality of life.
Ultra-diluted complex additive in the diet reveals benefits in the intestinal tract of nursery-phase piglets
Authors: de Paula Gustavo Zigovski , Bez Isabela Cristina Colaço , Garrido Luís Fernando Costa , Rodrigues Caroline Cintra , de Oliveira Angela Cristina Fonseca , Rupolo Paulo Evaristo , Azevedo Liliana Bury , Hernandez Elmer Modesto Elvir , Genova Jansller Luiz , Weber Saulo Henrique , Carvalho Paulo Levi de Oliveira , Costa Leandro Batista
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to assess an ultra-diluted (UD) complex as a replacement for an antimicrobial performance enhancer in diets on the growth performance, intestinal health, and inflammatory response of nursery piglets. The experiment lasted 37 d and involved 126 animals weaned at 21±1.3 d, with an initial body weight of 5.62±1.16 kg. Piglets were assigned to 6 dietary treatments in a randomized block design with 7 replicates and 3 piglets per pen as experimental unit. The treatments were: positive control – basal diet + 120 mg/kg of chlorohydroxyquinoline (PC); negative control – basal diet without additives (NC); and NC containing 4.5; 6.0; 7.5 or 9.0 kg of UD additive/ton diet. Performance data were calculated, and daily diarrhea occurrence was observed. Blood was collected for hematological analyses. In the end of experiment, one animal per pen was slaughtered for organ weighing, pH analysis and collection of intestinal samples for histopathology. Feces were collected during experiment, and cecal contents at slaughter for microbiological and antibiogram analysis. There was no difference between treatments on performance. Throughout the study, UD levels were equal to PC regarding diarrhea occurrence. Higher levels of UD complex led to higher values of total leukocytes. The 4.5 treatment showed a reduction in total and thermotolerant enterobacteria populations in piglet feces, and an increase in lactic acid bacteria, compared to PC. All treatments showed less duodenal pathological alterations compared to NC. The use of the UD additive, especially at 4.5 kg/ton, may be a good alternative for replacing chlorohydroxyquinoline in piglet diets.
Microstructure and wear resistance of in-situ TiC-reinforced low chromium iron-based hardfacing alloys
Authors: Tong Zhixiang , Shao Wei , He Chengxing , He Dingyong
Published: November 2023

Strengthening low chromium iron-based alloys with multiple alloy elements is a crucial strategy for developing "casing-friendly" hardbanding materials. In this paper, four kinds of low chromium iron-based hardfacing alloys with different Ti contents were prepared by Flux-Cored Arc Welding technology and the effect of Ti content on the microstructure, hardness and wear performance under the abrasive wear and dry sliding wear were analyzed. The in-situ TiC-reinforced iron-based hardfacing alloys exhibited microstructure comprising austenite, martensite, eutectic carbides M7C3 and in-situ TiC particles. The in-situ formation of TiC particles consumed the carbon in the alloy and thus raised the martensite start temperature, resulting in a reduction in the mass fraction of austenite and eutectic carbides M7C3 and an increase in the martensite. Among four hardfacing alloys, the alloy with 5 wt. % Ti exhibited the highest hardness (836.3 HV0.2), the lowest weight loss and the lowest wear rate due to its highest martensite mass fraction (69.97 wt. %). The matrix with in-situ TiC particles and martensite effectively resisted the cutting of abrasive grains and the wear mechanism developed from the microploughing in 0Ti alloy to microcutting in in-situ TiC-reinforced iron-based hardfacing alloys in abrasive wear tests. In dry sliding wear tests, TiC particles were released and slid on the surface of the alloys, resulting in the formation of grooves, while the formation of the tribochemical reaction layers contributed to a reduction in the friction coefficient and wear rate. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the development of "casing-friendly" hardbanding materials.
Preventive and therapeutic potential of Streptococcus cristatus CA119 in experimental periodontitis in rats
Authors: Zhao Dongyu , 李 明 , Pan Tianxu , Guo Jialin , Shi Chunwei , Wang Nan , Huang Haibin , Wang Chunfeng , Yang Guilian L. , Li Junyi
Published: November 2023

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the overgrowth of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum in the oral cavity. This not only severely affects alveolar bone and connective tissues but also has potential associations with distal intestinal inflammation. This study aimed to elucidate the therapeutic effects of Streptococcus cristatus CA119 on experimental periodontitis in rats and its impact on intestinal morphology. The results demonstrate that CA119 can colonize the oral cavity and exerts antagonistic effects on P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum, leading to a significant reduction in the oral pathogen load. Following CA119 intervention, a significant alleviation in weight loss in rats induced by periodontitis was observed (P < 0.001). CA119 also regulated the expression of IL-6 (P < 0.05), IL-1β (P < 0.001), IL-18 (P < 0.001), COX-2 (P < 0.001), iNOS (P < 0.001), and MCP-1 (P < 0.01) in the gingival tissue. Additionally, CA119 reduced oxidative stress levels in rats and enhanced their antioxidant capacity. Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and histological analysis revealed that CA119 significantly reduced alveolar bone loss and reversed the down-regulation of OPG/RANK (P < 0.001). Furthermore, CA119 exhibits a significant protective effect against intestinal inflammation induced by periodontal disease and improves the colonic morphology in rats. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the role of CA119, a potential oral probiotic, in preventing and treating experimental periodontitis, which underscores the potential of probiotics as a complementary approach to traditional periodontal care.
Routine magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography before laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with cholecystolithiasis
Authors: Guo Xu , Fan Qing , Wang Zhuoyin , Wang Jing , Li Kai , Xu Guangzhong , Du Dexiao , Lian Dongbo , Zhang Nengwei , Amin Buhe , Zhu Bin
Published: November 2023

Objective
To demonstrate if patients with cholecystolithiasis at low risk of common bile duct stones (CBDS) require magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) before laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). This study investigated the clinical value of routine MRCP before LC in patients with gallstones.
Methods
We adopted a non-randomized controlled experiment according to whether MRCP performed prior to LC, 277 patients with cholecystolithiasis at low risk of CBDS were divided into two groups:142 patients in the control group only underwent abdominal ultrasound, while 135 patients in the experimental group underwent both abdominal ultrasound and MRCP. The results of laboratory test, abdominal ultrasound and MRCP, surgical complications, length of stay and hospitalization costs were compared between the two groups.
Result
The detection rates of CBDS, cystic duct stones, gallbladder adenomyomatosis and anatomical variants of biliary tract by preoperative MRCP were higher than those by abdominal ultrasound (P < 0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (0% vs. 5.63%, P < 0.05). The length of stay in the experimental group was shorter than that in the control group (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Routine MRCP before LC can detect CBDS, cystic duct stones and anatomical variants of biliary tract that cannot be diagnosed by ultrasound. MRCP helps surgeons better understand the anatomical variation of extrahepatic bile duct, plan the operation rationally and efficiently reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications. Moreover, MRCP shorten the length of stay without increasing the hospitalization costs.
A Paradigm Based on Big Data for Smart and Sustainable Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Vekariya Vipul , Rao Raghavendra , Thakuriya Kajal , Saxena Kumud , Alam Intekhab , Dandotiya Devendra Dandotiya Devendra
Published: November 2023

Due to a decrease in material and resource usage as well as other tooling needs, additive manufacturing (AM) has shown significant promise for energy-saving and environmentally friendly production. As a consequence of improvements in manufacturing technology, academia, and business are becoming more interested in smart manufacturing to help make their operations more sustainable and efficient. The term smart and sustainable additive manufacturing (SSAM) is created in this study by combining the core concepts of AM and SSAM. The study aims to give a framework that aids AM businesses by integrating big data analytics (BDA), AM, and sustainable smart manufacturing technologies. A framework of big data-driven SSAM (BD-SSAM) is designed to help executives in the AM sector make wiser decisions throughout the product life cycle beginning of life (BOL) stage. To illustrate the suggested approach, a sample application case from the field of additive manufacturing was given. Selective laser melting (SLM) is being used to implement the proposed design for the AlSi10Mg alloy due to resource limitations and the requirement to create components made of the BOL stage of the product lifecycle. The results demonstrate the effective management of energy utilization and product quality, which benefits efficient sustainable manufacturing, a drop in emissions, and cleaner production.
Laparoscopic Training Workshop to Assess Medical Students’ Skill Acquisition and Interest in Surgical Careers
Authors: Chen Pin-Chun , Yang Po-Wen , Kao Yi-Kai , Chen Chia-Hung , Tsai Chih-Jong , Chen Yi-Chieh , Song Ling-Chiao , Tsai Kai Lung , Wu Richard C. , Chen Chih-I
Published: November 2023

Background
With its minimally invasive approach, laparoscopic surgery has transformed the medical landscape. As the demand for these procedures escalates, there is a pressing need for adept surgeons trained in laparoscopic techniques. However, current training often falls short of catering to medical school education. This study evaluates the impact of a custom-designed laparoscopic training workshop on medical students’ surgical skills and career aspirations.
Methods
This prospective experimental study was conducted at the E-Da hospital in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. Medical students from Taiwanese medical schools undergoing Clerk 5, Clerk 6, and Postgraduate Year 1 and 2 were invited to participate. Medical students (n = 44) underwent an endoscopic skill training workshop consisting of lectures, box training, and live tissue training. The trainees performed multiple tasks before and after training using our objective evaluation system. The primary outcome was gauged through a questionnaire assessing the influence of training on students’ interest in surgery as a career. Secondary outcomes measured improvements in skill acquisition, comparing task completion times pre- and post-workshop.
Results
Post-training, participants exhibited significant proficiency gains, with task completion times reducing notably: 97 s (p = 0.0015) for Precision Beads Placement, 88.5 s (p < 0.0001) for Beads Transfer Exercise, 95 s (p < 0.0001) for Precision Balloon Cutting, and 137.8 s (p < 0.0001) for Intracorporeal Suture. The primary outcome showcased an increased mean score from 8.15 pre-workshop to 9.3 post-workshop, indicating a bolstered interest in surgery as a career. Additionally, post-training sentiment analysis underscored a predominant inclination toward surgery among 88% of participants.
Conclusion
The custom-designed laparoscopic workshop significantly improved technical skills and positively influenced students’ career aspirations toward surgery. Such hands-on training workshops can play a crucial role in medical education, bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical skills and potentially shaping the future of budding medical professionals.
The Impact of Chronic Antibiotics Exposure on the Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis and Mucosal Barrier-Related Pathogen Susceptibility in Zebrafish Model
Authors: Yang Jun Hyeok , Park Jeong Woo , Lee Seungki , Yerke Aaron M. , Jaiswal Yogini S. , Williams Leonard L. , Hwang Sungmin , Moon Ki Hwan
Published: November 2023

The symbiotic community of microorganisms in the gut plays an important role in the health of the host. While many previous studies have been performed on the interaction between the gut microbiome and the host in mammals, studies in fish are still lacking. In this study, we investigated changes in the intestinal microbiome and pathogen susceptibility of zebrafish (Danio rerio) following chronic antibiotics exposure. The chronic antibiotics exposure assay was performed on zebrafish for 30 days using oxytetracycline (Otc), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (Smx/Tmp), and erythromycin (Ery), which are antibiotics widely used in aquaculture industry. The microbiome analysis indicated that Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla in the gut microbiome of zebrafish used in this study. However, in Smx/Tmp-treated zebrafish, the composition of Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria were changed significantly, and in Ery-treated zebrafish, the composition of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were altered significantly. Although alpha diversity analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the richness, beta diversity analysis revealed a community imbalance in the gut microbiome of all chronically antibiotics exposed zebrafish. Intriguingly, in zebrafish with dysbiosis on the gut microbiome, the pathogen susceptibility to Edwardsiella piscicida, a representative Gram-negative fish pathogen, was reduced. Due to the further effect of gut microbiome dysbiosis, the number of goblet cells in the intestinal tissue was increased, and the intestinal mucosal barrier-related genes expression was also upregulated. In addition, as the innate immunity was enhanced by the increased mucosal barrier, the immune, stress-related gene expression in the intestinal tissue was downregulated. In this study, we provide new insight into the effect of gut microbiome dysbiosis on pathogen susceptibility.
Prevalence and factors associated with mental health problems among undergraduates in a Nigerian university
Authors: Orok Edidiong , Okuoru Woyengikuro , Oni Olawale , Ojo Tolulope , Oluwadare Tunrayo , Bamitale Toba , Jaiyesimi Boluwaji , Akinjisola Alice , Apara Titilayo
Published: November 2023

Background
The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of mental health problems (MP) among undergraduate students at Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti (ABUAD). It also sought to identify the factors associated with MP among these students.
Methods
A cross-sectional research design was employed, utilizing a self-administered, semi-structured questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to analyse the relationship between various factors and MP. Analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social sciences (SPSS)
Results
A total of 354 students participated in the study, with an average age of 18.51 years (± 1.741), and a majority of male respondents (52.0%). The study found that the prevalence of MP among ABUAD students was 9.6%. Among the common mental health problems identified, depression was the most prevalent at 32.4%, followed by anxiety at 14.7%, and schizophrenia at 8.8%. Furthermore, the study revealed that the female gender was more likely to receive a diagnosis of MP compared to males (p = 0.002; OR: 6.574, 95% CI: 1.992–21.692). Conversely, students who had strong social support were less likely to be diagnosed with MP than those without such support (p = 0.022; OR: 0.225, 95% CI: 0.433–1.738). Additionally, students who missed a significant number of classes during the semester were more likely to receive a diagnosis of MP compared to those who did not (p < 0.001; OR: 11.030, 95% CI: 2.877–42.287).
Conclusion
This study indicated a relatively low overall prevalence of MP among ABUAD students. Factors such as gender, social support, and frequent class absences were identified as contributors to an increased likelihood of MP among these students. The study underscores the need for interventions aimed at reducing the prevalence of MP among ABUAD students.
Traceguard: Eradicating Counterfeits With Blockchain Transparency
Authors: N Moratanch , Sre Nivetha , C Lavanya , S Mamtha , D Nivethaa
Published: November 2023

Counterfeit products pose a significant threat to various industries, impacting company reputations, sales, and profits. In response to this challenge, the integration of blockchain technology and Quick Response (QR) codes has emerged as a robust solution. This innovative approach enhances product authentication and traceability while reducing reliance on third-party intermediaries for verification. By assigning unique QR codes linked to blockchain records, customers can easily verify product authenticity, and companies can provide transparency throughout the supply chain. The decentralized and immutable nature of blockchain ensures data security, while real-time updates and cost-efficiency add to the appeal of this solution.
Transfer of heavy metals from soil to Beta vulgaris L. (sugar beet) in Kayseri, Turkey
Authors: LEBLEBİCİ Zeliha , BÜLBÜL Hayrun Nisa
Published: November 2023

In our study, sugar beet plants grown in Yeşilhisar district of Kayseri were used. 6 different locations were selected: Kesik, Dağılgan, Hacılımezarlığı, Kıraç Tepe, Hacıbektaş and the control area (Kilcan). Leaf, beet, root and soil samples were taken from Beta vulgaris plant. Heavy metal (As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni and Cr) contents were analyzed using ICP-MS device. In terms of sugar beet consumption in Kayseri province, Turkey, determining heavy metal accumulation and health risks will be very important in terms of these metals. Heavy metal concentration levels in sugar beet samples collected from the region are as follows; nickel (Ni) > copper (Cu) > chromium (Cr) > arsenic (As) > lead (Pb) > cadmium (Cd). When As, Cd and Cr elements are compared with the limit values, it is observed that they are within the allowed limits. Cu, Ni and Pb indicate the potential for negative contributions to health through sugar beet consumption. The study reveals health concerns regarding the heavy metal content of sugar beet samples grown in Yeşilhisar, Kayseri province and recommends that necessary measures be taken to reduce the occurrence of Cu, Ni and Pb observed in sugar beet samples from this region.
A rare Presentation of Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery: A Case Report
Authors: AryaNezhad Ali , Salehi Mohamad Sajad , AryaNezhad Yasin
Published: November 2023

The aorta, a vital artery originating from the left ventricle, typically divides into three branches in most individuals: the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery. However, some individuals may present with variations in the branching pattern of the aortic arch. This case report discusses the unusual presentation of an Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery (ARSA) in a 50-year-old woman from Iran who sought medical attention due to dyspnea. Upon admission to the emergency department, the patient's blood pressure measurements in both arms showed a significant difference. This led to further investigation, including a CT angiography, which revealed an unusual course of the right subclavian artery. Instead of following the typical anatomical route, the aberrant artery passed through the second and third ribs, entered the right breast tissue, and then spiraled into the right upper limb. This case not only adds to the body of medical knowledge but also emphasizes the significance of clinical awareness and thorough diagnostic evaluation when encountering unusual and unexpected patient presentations.
Uterine Didelphys in a G4P3+0: a Disturbing Phenomenon at Caesarean Section
Authors: Ali Abdibasid Shariff , Mohamud Yakub , Kune Yakub I. , Byonanuwe Simon
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Uterine didelphys is an extremely very rare Müllerian duct defect globally that if found coincidentally can be so disturbing to the attending clinician, the patient and her family members. Wepresent a case report of an undiagnosed uterus didelphys in a pregnant woman who was admitted at 39 weeks and 4 days of amenorrhea with a double uterus that was found coincidentally at her third delivery by elective caesarean section and had a good fetal outcome.
Case presentation: We are presenting a 32 year old Gravida 4 Para 3+0 patient who was admitted at 39 weeks and 4 days of amenorrhea and reported a history of three previous caesarean scars. She was accordingly delivered by elective caesarean section. Intraoperatively, a second non gravid uterus with ipsilateral fallopian tube and ovary was coincidentally noted and a contralateral fallopian tube without ovary was also appreciated in the same uterus. Exploration revealed that each uterus had one fallopian tube and ovary, and that both uteri joined at one cervix.
Conclusion: Careful assessment of all women scheduled for surgery is crucial to avoid such unnecessary disturbing phenomena
Cumulative Police Exposures, Police Violence Stress, and Depressive Symptoms: A Focus on Black LGBQ Youth in Baltimore City, Maryland
Authors: Jackson Dylan B. , Fix Rebecca L. , Testa Alexander , Webb Lindsey , Toro Juan Del , Alang Sirry
Published: November 2023

The present study investigates associations between cumulative police exposures, police violence stress, and depressive symptoms among Black youth, and whether LGBQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer) identities moderate these associations. Data come from the Survey of Police-Adolescent Contact Experiences (SPACE), a cross-sectional survey of a community-based sample of Black youth ages 12–21 in Baltimore City, Maryland (n = 345), administered from August 2022 to July 2023. We used multivariable ordinary least squares regression to estimate direct associations and product-term analysis to test for effect modification by sexual identities. We also calculate covariate-adjusted predicted depressive symptoms scores by cumulative police exposures and police violence stress across sexual identities. Findings indicate that LGBQ youth collectively reported higher levels of police violence stress than heterosexual youth. Still, LGBQ youth varied in their cumulative police exposures, which were significantly higher among bisexual and queer youth than lesbian or gay youth. Associations between cumulative police exposures, police violence stress, and depressive symptoms were significantly moderated by LGBQ identity, with the strongest associations emerging for bisexual and queer youth. Police exposures and police violence stress also compounded to worsen depressive symptoms among the subsample of LGBQ youth. Collectively, our findings suggest that LGBQ youth–especially bisexual and queer youth–may be particularly vulnerable to the mental health harms of cumulative police exposures and police violence stress. Intersectional, public health approaches that combine prevention and treatment strategies are needed to mitigate LGBQ mental health inequities stemming from cumulative police exposures and police violence stress.
Classification of fish freshness using a convolutional neural network
Authors: Flores Edwin Wilson Mamani , Huisa Roger Pedraza
Published: November 2023

In the work, the freshness of the trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was analyzed, this aspect being very important to determine its quality. The objective is to propose a computational model based on a CNN to classify the freshness of the trout based on the changes in color of their eyes and gills. For this, an image data set was created with the acquired trout. To obtain the results, 3 experiments were carried out, the first; with 2 classes (days 1 and 9), the second with 3 classes (days 1, 5 and 9) and the third with 5 classes (days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9), all the experiments were run in Google colab.The results were validated with a confusion matrix and ROC curve. The best results were given by the ResNeXt5032x4d model, with 2 classes it obtained an accuracy of 0.9833, 3 classes an accuracy of 0.9222 and with 5 classes an accuracy of 0.8800.
Waterborne toxicity of several DDT congeners to Hyalella azteca, and its implications for contaminated sediment assessment
Authors: Mount David R. , Burkhard Lawrence P. , Hockett J. Russell , Holloway Chloe J. , Howe Sarah E. , Jenson James J. , Kadlec Sarah M. , Kasparek Alex J. , Lahren Tylor J. , Lott Kevin G. , Piasecki Edward , Swanson John J. , Votava Lauren K.
Published: November 2023

Although banned long ago in many countries and jurisdictions, the organochlorine pesticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and compounds related to it remain in the aquatic environment, particularly in sediments, and can pose risks to aquatic life. To inform ecological risk assessment of these compounds, we tested the toxicity of six DDT congeners, specifically the p,p’ (4,4’) forms of DDT, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), and dichlorodiphenylchloroethylene (DDMU), as well as the o,p’ (2,4’) isomers of DDT and DDD. The epibenthic amphipod, Hyalella azteca, was exposed for 7 days to waterborne chemical and assessed for changes in survival and growth. Median effect concentrations for biomass gain (aggregating effects on growth and survival) ranged from 0.14 µg/L (p,p’DDT) to 5.8 µg/L (o,p’DDD). Among p,p’ congeners, relative toxicity was DDT > > DDD > DDE ≈ DDMU. Ortho-para’ isomers averaged 6.6-fold less toxic than their p,p’ analogs. Application of these waterborne exposure endpoints in ecological risk assessment of contaminated sediments is discussed.