bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANGIOTENZINĄ KONVERTUOJANČIO FERMENTO INHIBITORIAUS SUKELTOS ANGIOEDEMOS GYDYMAS
Authors: Šiupšinskienė Nora , Tverskis Žygimantas , Norkienė Sigutė
Published: January 2021

Angiotenziną konvertuojančio fermento (AKF) inhibitorių sukelta angioedema yra pavojinga gyvybei būklė, kuri pasireiškia maždaug 0,5 proc. pacientų, vartojančių AKF inhbitorius. Nors AKF inhibitorių sukeltos angioedemos patofiziologija susijusi su padidėjusiu bradikinino kiekiu kraujo plazmoje, standartinis gydymas paprastai apima kortikosteroidus ir antihistamininius medikamentus. Apžvalgos tikslas yra apibendrinti įrodymus, pagrindžiančius farmakoterapiją, gydant AKF inhibitorių sukeltą angioedemą.
Egodokumenty – źródłem biograficznym nauczycieli Śląska Cieszyńskiego (na przykładzie wybranych pamiętników)
Authors: Kocurek Danuta
Published: January 2021

Skomplikowane dzieje Śląska Cieszyńskiego w XIX i XX w. przybliżone zostały w egodokumentach, do których należą pamiętniki nauczycieli Jana Kubisza, Jana Żebroka i Jana Szuścika. Źródła te, oprócz autobiografii prezentują wydarzenia społeczno-kulturowe, oświatowe i polityczne tego regionu. Wybrane treści pamiętników i ich rola w ukazywaniu kontekstu historycznego i pracy nauczycielskiej będą przedmiotem rozważań.
Literatura: arte de educar y maleducar con la palabra
Authors: Corral Rodríguez Fortino
Published: January 2021

Los textos que reúne el libro Río sin riberas, de Francisco González, revelan un encuentro virtuoso entre pedagogía y literatura. Vida propia y espíritu universitario se entrelazan lúdica y estéticamente en los relatos, ensayos y poemas que integran este conjunto. El libro constituye una selección, realizada por el propio autor, de los distintos terrenos en que ha incursionado: la investigación académica, la docencia, la polémica, la creatividad, el humor. En todo ello se percibe un espíritu provocador que busca remover esquemas de sensibilidad y pensamiento.
PENERAPAN PENDIDIKAN REVOLUSI MENTAL DALAM PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER
Authors: Suminar Dewi , Mulya Nandy
Published: January 2021

Penerapan revolusi mental di lakukan oleh pemerintah dan masyarakat guna memperbaiki moral masyarakat indonesia fokus penerapan revolusi mental ini dalam ranah pendidikan. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah menganalisa implementasi penerapan pendidikan karakter dalam membentuk karakter siswa. Studi ini menggunakan metodologi meta-analisis yang melibatkan beberapa karya tulis ilmiah yang berhubungan dengan penerapan pendidikan revolusi mental dalam membentuk karakter siswa, dengan menggunakan teori moralitas Durkheim. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejauh mana penerapan dari revolusi mental di lakukan dan seberapa besar pengaruh revolusi mental dalam membentuk karakter siswa.
Psychotic disorders in COVID-19: mechanisms of development,
clinical and treatment features
Authors: Yuryeva Liudmyla , Shornikov Andrii
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this review was to study the mechanisms of development, clinical features and treatment of psychotic disorders during the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In the first part of the review, especial attention was paid to the available literature data on the mechanisms of development of mental disorders in COVID-19. Among the main pathogenetic mechanisms of the onset of psychotic disorders in coronavirus infections, there are direct effects of a viral infection (including a brain infection), cerebrovascular diseases, hypoxia, an immunological response, the consequences of medical interventions, social isolation, the psychological impact of a severe and potentially fatal illness, fears of infecting another’s and stigmatization. The second part of the publication is devoted to a review of clinical studies and syndromokinesis in infectious and coronavirus psychoses. Particular attention is paid to delirious syndrome, including pharmacogenic delirium and antibiotic-associated encephalopathy. The article describes the features of therapy for psychotic disorders in COVID-19, taking into account drug‑drug interactions and the effect on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. The analyzed literature allows us to make a reasonable conclusion that the management of coronavirus psychoses should be aimed at treating the underlying disease while eliminating psychotic symptoms with antipsychotics while ensuring maximum safety of psychopharmacotherapy.
The Impact of Mobile Phone on Family Life: A Case Study of Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Sarwar Dr. Muhammad Shabbir , Gulzar Humara , Bhatti Muhammad Ahsan
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this research paper is to explore the negative relationship between mobile phone and family life as well as negative impact of mobile phone usage on family life norms and traditions. The study is based on data collected through mixed method i.e. survey of a random sample of 1300 people and structured interviews conducted with a sub-sample of 13 people in Lahore, Pakistan. The study found that mobile phone is negatively affecting the family life due to its massive usage during family socialization time. The quantitative analysis found that over 85% of respondents use mobile phone for communication with the people other than their family members when they are with their family; over 50% make calls to others during their family time; 83% make SMS; 75 feel that they ignore their family due to cell phone; 86% thinks that mobile has influenced their family time face-to-face socialization negatively and 91% said that they exchanged harsh words with their family members for at least once or more due to using mobile phone during family time. The study reveals that male members of the traditional families are more responsible for using mobile phone during family time and damaging family traditions as compared to the female members. However, parents remain very concerned about the possibilities of misuse of mobile phone by female teenagers of the family. In most cases family elders were annoyed with the youth for adopting this change in their behaviors damaging the family traditions.
Moderation Effects of Institutional Quality, Diversity, Income inequality and Globalization on Social Cohesion: An Empirical evidence.
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad , Anwar Mumtaz , Pervaiz Zahid
Published: January 2021

Social cohesion is both an end, as well as a mean, to achieve other economic and developmental goals. As an end, a more cohesive society can be thought of as a peaceful place to live in. As a mean, social cohesion has various economic and developmental implications. Therefore, nurturing social cohesion can be a desirable objective and knowing about different determinants of social cohesion can be helpful in this regard. Ethno-linguistic diversity and socioeconomic deprivations have been identified as such determinants in the existing literature. Well-functioning institutions can also be good predictors of social cohesion in a society. They can help to mitigate the negative effects of diversity on social cohesion. However, hardly any study has empirically investigated the moderating effects of institutions on social cohesion. The current study has tried to fill this gap. For this purpose, a cross country analysis has been done by employing the Least Squares Dummy Variables (LSDV) technique for empirical estimations. Institutional quality has been measured with the help of an index that has been constructed by taking into account the political, legal, and economic dimensions of institutional quality. The results suggest that diversity, income inequality, and globalization have negative whereas institutional quality has positive effects on social cohesion. The use of the interactive term of institutional quality with diversity, income inequality, and globalization reveals that institutional quality works to nullify the negative effects of diversity, income inequality, and globalization on social cohesion.
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PENGARUH METODE PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM SOLVING TERHADAP AKTIVITAS BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: LATIF ABDUL
Published: January 2021

AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini dilakukan ialah: 1) Untuk mengetahui aktivitas belajar siswa selama penerapan metode pembelajaran problem solving. 2) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode pembelajaran problem solving terhadap aktivitas belajar siswa. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 2 Sei Kanan T.P 2018/2019 yang berjumlah 2 kelas dan sampel diambil 1 kelas random yaitu kelas X-MIA. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah Non-Randomize Control Group Pre test and Post test Design. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan tes uraian dan lembar angket aktivitas belajar siswa. Data-data diperoleh dari hasil pre-tes dan post-tes yang diberikan kepada siswa. Dari hasil analisa data, pada kelas eksperimen diperoleh nilai hasil pengujian hipotesis (uji t) diperoleh thitung>ttabel yaitu 12,497 > 2,052 dengan α = 0,05 dan db = n–1 = 27 -1 = 6, dan data dari hasil pemberian angket aktivitas belajar dapat dilihat peningkatan dari setiap aspek penilaian, seperti pada aspek kegiatan visual terdapat peningkatan sebesar 33,34%, aspek kegiatan lisan terdapat peningkatan sebesar 29,63%, aspek kegiatan mendengarkan terdapat peningkatan sebesar 35,19%, aspek kegiatan menulis terdapat peningkatan sebesar 28,00%, aspek kegiatan motorik terdapat peningkatan sebesar 37,50%, aspek kegiatan mental terdapat peningkatan sebesar 33,02%, dan aspek kegiatan emosional terdapat peningkatan sebesar 34,26%.Kata Kunci : problem solving, aktivitas belajar siswa, statistika.
Penguasaan 4 (Empat) Prasyarat Dasar Aritmatika untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Siswa Sekolah Dasar dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Matematika
Authors: Susdarwono Endro Tri
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study discusses how mastery of 4 (four) basic prerequisites of arithmetic which includes the ability to count, make Arithmetic / multiples, complement especially Nines and ten, and the concept of place values in numbers affect students' ability to solve math problems consisting of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and multiplication. The approach in this study uses a descriptive approach, the method used is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. A qualitative approach is used to describe the basic arithmetic mastery of students including numeracy, making Arithmetic / multiples numbers, complements especially nines and ten, and the concept of place values in numbers. The quantitative approach uses statistical tests with canonical correlation analysis to answer the relationship and influence between understanding of basic arithmetic mastery on the ability to solve math problems related to addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. From the results of the canonical weight and canonical loading function 1, it can be concluded that there is indeed a significant relationship between the dependent variate and the independent variate or basic arithmetic mastery and the students' ability to do math problems is indeed correlated together.
EVALUASI TAMPILAN ANTARMUKA WEB SMK KOMPUTAMA MAJENANG MENGGUNAKAN METODE HEURIS
Authors: Ariansyah Awal , Bambang Sumantri R Bagus
Published: January 2021

Web is a digital page that functions to process and display information. A website has become an important element for an educational institution to disseminate information more widely and be known to more people. A web with a bad interface can cause user to have trouble finding the information they need and does not want to browse or visit again. Therefore, the appearance of a good and friendly interface with user is very important to be implemented in order to make user feel at home and comfortable in accessing related information. Evaluation of the appearance of the SMK Komputama web interface is carried out to produce recommendations for improving the appearance of a better interface based on ease of use (usability) so that operational activities on the web can run well. Evaluation was carried out using the heuristic method by 3 respondents using a questionnaire based on aspects of the heuristic method. There are 10 aspects of the heuristic method used namely feedback, matching, freedom, consistency, error, efficiency, recognition, design, diagnosis, and documentation. The results showed that the appearance of the SMK Komputama web interface had been quite good in terms of ease of use (usability) but there were still some interface points that needed to be improved.
ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE DAN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT PADA ORGANISASI
Authors: Irfangi Ahmad , Riswanto Beny , Edy Sahputro Slamet Cahyo , Toif Arbi Mohammad
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of supply chain management on organizational performance. This research uses data from 32 organizations engaged in brown sugar production in Central Java through www.googledocs.com. Analysis using structural equation information sharing (SEM). The results showed that information sharing, cooperation and integration process had a positive and significant effect on organizational performance. However, longterm relations proved to have no significant effect on organizational performance.
A Methodology of Strategic Analysis for Servitization of the Manufacturing Company
Authors: Kozłowska Justyna
Published: January 2021

Servitization in manufacturing companies often involves reformulating or building new strategies. Itis a complex and challenging process that is very prone to failure if carried out without careful strategic planning.The scientific literature strictly regarding strategic analysis methodology in the context of servitization is ratherlimited. Only a few studies were identified which indicate strategic analysis methods that are useful for buildingservitization strategies. Whereas the catalog of methods for strategic analysis is wide and varied. Therefore, thisstudy aims to fill this gap and give an answer to the following research question: How to conduct a strategicanalysis (with which methods and tools) so that the obtained information would improve the decision-makingprocess in the context of servitization in manufacturing? A survey conducted in the Polish machinerymanufacturing sector shows that there is a relationship between conducting strategy analysis in the context ofproduct-service activity and the level of service income in manufacturing companies. Likewise, if the companyanalyzed service-related business areas along with the product-related, it has reported an increase in serviceincome in recent years. Based on these findings and the outcomes of the review of servitization strategies and theconditions of successful implementation of these strategies, the author developed an 8-stage methodology ofstrategic analysis. It enables to gather the most relevant and needed information about the company resourcesand its environment to facilitate making decisions in the context of product and service integration. An originaltool for assessing the orientation of organizational culture is proposed. The developed methodology was verifiedby application in two manufacturing companies, and that allowed to formulate a list of recommendations forfuture application of the methodology
Public Debt and Economic Growth in the European Union. Empirical Investigation
Authors: Misztal Piotr
Published: January 2021

The relatively high sizes of public debts in many of the world's member states have led to frequentdebates concerning the influence of public debt on economic growth. Analyzing economic literature it can beseen, that theoretical and empirical considerations on this topic are divided into three main parties. The firstpart of analyzes is the work of the Keynesians, which emphasizes that the budget deficit as well as the publicdebt positively affects the economic development of the country, mainly through the impact of the budgetexpenditure multiplier. The opposite view on budget deficits and public debt is represented by the neoclassicalschool, who argue that the budget deficit and public debt can have negative impact on economic growth.Conversely, proponents of the Ricardian equivalence concept believe that budget deficits and public debt areneutral for economic growth. These three mentioned above approaches to the budget deficit and public debtproblem have led to many debates at home and abroad about the importance of budget deficit and public debt inthe process of economic growth and economic development of the country. The main objective of the study isto determine the impact of the foreign debt and home debt on economic activity of the country, based on theexample of the 27 member countries of the European Union (without United Kingdom) in the period 2006-2017. The statistics came from the European Statistical Office (Eurostat) and International Monetary Funddatabase (World Economic Outlook).
Classical Machine Learning Methods in Economics Research: Macro and Micro Level Examples
Authors: Babenko Vitalina , Panchyshyn Andriy , Zomchak Larysa , Nehrey Maryna , Artym-Drohomyretska Zoriana , Lahotskyi Taras
Published: January 2021

Paper reviews the classical methods of machine learning (supervised and unsupervised learning),gives examples of the application of different methods and discusses approaches that will be useful for empiricaleconomics research (on data from Ukrainian firms, banks and official state statistics). The different sectors ofeconomics are investigated: the multiple linear regression is used on macrolevel for macro production functionof Ukraine specification; logistic regression is used in bank sector for credit risk management with the scoringmodel; k-means, hierarchic clustering and DBSCAN are used in regional level for regions of Ukraine groupingbased on competitiveness; principal component analysis is used for firm’s financial stability analysis. All modelsshowed adequate simulation results according to the quality criteria of the models. So, the possibility ofclassic machine learning methods application for investigations of the processes and objects on different levelsof economics (micro, mezzo and macro) is demonstrated in the article.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Tani Melalui Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Lokal Sebagai Pengendali Hama Ramah Lingkungan di Desa Padengo Kecamatan Popayato Barat
Authors: Lihawa Mohamad , Pratama Anggry
Published: January 2021

Pohuwato Regency is the largest maize producing area in Gorontalo Province. Since 2015, about 50 percent of maize production in Gorontalo Province has come from Pohuwato Regency. Padengo Village, West Popayato District is one area that contributes to producing maize in Pohuwato Regency because most of the farmers in this village are maize farmers. Depend on the field observations and interviews with farmers in Padengo village, it is known that one of the problems faced by corn farmers is the difficulty of controlling armyworm pests in corn. Based on these conditions, the thematic real work lecture program carries out community service on empowering farming communities through the use of local plants as environmentally friendly pest controllers. In this community service program, seminars and training on the manufacture of vegetable pesticides have been carried out for farmers, production of vegetable pesticides from siam weed leaves and gamal leaves, application of vegetable pesticides on demonstration plots as well as regular observations of maize pest populations on maize fields in Padengo village, West Popayato District.
Layanan Informasi Perdesaan Berbasis Media Sosial
Authors: Tuloli Mohamad Syafri , Mulyanto Arip , Novian Dian
Published: January 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic that is currently spreading globally has made information and communication technology (ICT) services a basic necessity in our daily activity. With the opening of internet access in villages, it opens up opportunities to maximize ICT's role in improving rural information services. Many of the development of ICT-based services is in the form of a website or mobile application with various interfaces and interactions. This requires training and habituation in the community. This is not easy because these applications are not applications that are used daily. The high use of social media in the community can be used as a forum for providing rural information services. By using social media (chat), services can be created that have advantages over other approaches. Such as: do not require new installations, are intrusive so that information comes directly to users, and does not require much training because they use social media applications familiar to the community. On the other hand, village officials can use services for accessing information services and as a medium for disseminating information needed by the community. A training program and assistance for rural information services based on social media have been carried out in Buloila village. The implementation results show that the program is urgently needed, mainly because the village does not have a rural information service. The social media-based service system's evaluation shows that service users (community, village government, and other parties) feel that the system is feasible to use. Feeling that the system can be learned quickly, is easy to use has well-integrated features. It is just that users feel they need to familiarize themselves with using the service because of the form of interaction that users may never have faced before
Elit Boksörlerin Beslenme Alışkanlıkları ve Bilgi Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: YILMAZ Emrah , KUMARTAŞLI Mehmet , KOÇYİĞİT Berat
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, elit düzeyde boks sporu ile uğraşan boksörlerin beslenme alışkanlıkları ile bilgi düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır.
Çalışmada, İstanbul, Sakarya, Kocaeli, Aydın, Burdur, Isparta, Antalya, Bursa, Ankara, Samsun illerinde Boks sporu ile uğraşan 47 bayan boksör ve 134 erkek boksör olmak üzere toplam 181 boksör araştırma gurubunu oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada verilerin toplanması için anket yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Anketin I. bölümünde boksörlere ait genel bilgi soruları kısmı ve anketin II. bölümünde ise beslenme alışkanlık bilgilerine ait sorular bulunmaktadır.
Araştırmada verilerin toplanması için uygulanan anket, Gençlik ve Spor Genel Müdürlüğü Sporcu Eğitim Sağlık Merkezi’nin beslenme birimi diyetisyenlerinin geliştirdikleri, geçerlilik ve güvenirliliği yaptıkları, Sporcu Beslenme Değerlendirme Formun’dan yararlanılmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında kullanılan anket formu yirmi dokuz sorudan oluşmaktadır. Anket formunda Bölüm I’de 1. soru ile 11. Soru arasındaki sorular boksörleri tanımlayıcı genel bilgiler, Bölüm II’de ise 1. Soru ile 18. Soru arasındaki sorular boksörlerin beslenme alışkanlıkları ile ilgilidir. Anket uygulaması internet üzerinden form anket olarak uygulanmıştır.
Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde sosyal bilimler için geliştirilen istatistik programı SSPS 22.0 kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar NPar Test, Kruskal-Wallis Test, Mann-Whitney Testleri uygulanmış ve anlamlılık düzeyi p<0.05 olarak değerlendirilmiştir.
Çalışmada boksörlerin cinsiyet ile yaşa bağlı beslenme alışkanlıkları ve bilgi düzeyleri değerlendirilmesinde, cinsiyete bağlı “Kilo verme amacıyla yaptığım egzersizlerin uzun süreli ve şiddetinin düşük olmasına dikkat ederim” maddesinde pozitif anlamlılık bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Boksörlerin yaşlarına göre ise 4 maddede “Sigara kullanıyor musunuz?, alkol kullanıyor musunuz?, Egzersiz sırasında düzenli aralıklarla yaklaşık 20 dk. yeterli su içerim ve Fast- food (hamburger, cips, vb.) ürünlerini yemem.” anlamlı farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir (p<0.05).
Sonuç olarak sporcuların büyük bir kısmının, sporcu beslenmesi bilgisinin iyi sayılabilecek düzeyde bilgiye sahip oldukları söylenebilir.
A Fully Noncommutative Painlevé II Hierarchy: Lax Pair and Solutions Related to Fredholm Determinants
Authors:   UNIV Angers, France, Tarricone Sofia
Published: January 2021

We consider Fredholm determinants of matrix Hankel operators associated to matrix versions of the n-th Airy functions. Using the theory of integrable operators, we relate them to a fully noncommutative Painlevé II hierarchy, defined through a matrix-valued version of the Lenard operators. In particular, the Riemann-Hilbert techniques used to study these integrable operators allows to find a Lax pair for each member of the hierarchy. Finally, the coefficients of the Lax matrices are explicitly written in terms of the matrix-valued Lenard operators and some solutions of the hierarchy are written in terms of Fredholm determinants of the square of the matrix Airy Hankel operators.
Le transfert en tant que processus socio‑cognitif mesurable : application du modèle des états du moi de Scilligo
Authors: Scilligo Pio , Blondel Agnès
Published: January 2021

L’intuition originelle de Freud sur le transfert (à savoir que nous répétons dans le présent certains schémas relationnels clés du passé) est désormais confirmée par des découvertes issues de recherches socio-cognitives récentes, qui montrent que le transfert est un processus omniprésent dans la vie quotidienne, et pas seulement dans le cadre thérapeutique ou dans les relations avec les figures parentales primaires. Comprendre ces manifestations du transfert nous aide à donner du sens aux schémas transactionnels de nos clients, mais aussi à travailler sur les représentations self-autre, conscientes ou inconscientes, qui s’immiscent dans notre travail de psychothérapeute. Le modèle des états du moi de Scilligo offre une méthode pour analyser le transfert en tant que processus socio-cognitif à la fois normal et modifiable.
Science, Expertises et décisions politiques
Authors: Starck Ludivine
Published: January 2021

Face à la crise sanitaire brutale sans précédent, le recours à l’expertise scientifique pour éclairer le décideur dans sa prise de décision est apparu indispensable. Le politique, qualifié de non-sachant, a alors mis en place un nouveau comité d’experts, le Conseil scientifique. L’analyse proposée invite à s’interroger sur le rôle de chacun des acteurs dans la décision et plus globalement sur la place accordée par le pouvoir exécutif aux experts. Si ces experts ont dans un premier temps été propulsés par le pouvoir exécutif, ils ont été dans un second temps sacrifiés par le décideur.
Protection régionale des droits humains et Covid-19. L’apport de la Cour interaméricaine des droits de l’homme
Authors: Rota Marie
Published: January 2021

Cette contribution se livre à une analyse de l’apport de la Cour interaméricaine des droits de l’homme face aux enjeux posés par la pandémie. Son remarquable activisme en la matière tranche avec la position de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme qui peut, à ce titre, être interrogée. Les juges de San José ont tout d’abord adopté une déclaration dès le 9 avril 2020 pour rappeler aux États leurs obligations internationales en matière de protection des droits humains, y compris en période de crise. Ils insistent à cet égard sur de nombreux aspects, tels que l’importance du respect des droits économiques, sociaux et environnementaux, et plus particulièrement du droit à la santé, l’importance du droit à la non-discrimination ou encore celle de la protection des personnes vulnérables. Ils renvoient alors à différents développements jurisprudentiels qui pourraient, ensuite, inspirer le juge européen. Car la pandémie a ceci de particulier qu’elle fait prendre conscience de l’existence d’une « communauté de destin pour l’humanité » nécessitant de dépasser la vision libérale des droits humains dont il fait la promotion. Aussi l’étude de la jurisprudence interaméricaine permet de mieux saisir les travers de celle de sa consœur européenne ainsi que ses limites. Elle permet aussi de proposer des pistes d’amélioration – sans pour autant importer sans adaptation ces développements propres au contexte interaméricain. Un encadrement plus poussé des limitations aux droits humains en temps de crise est alors suggéré ainsi qu’une reconsidération du principe d’égalité.
Les rivalités entre organisations africaines
Authors: Songolé René
Published: January 2021

Les rivalités entre organisations africaines, envisagées dans le cadre du maintien de la paix et de la sécurité, visent particulièrement les rapports institutionnels de type vertical entre l’Union africaine et les Communautés économiques sous-régionales. De l’observation de ces interactions verticales émerge un double constat : si l’Architecture africaine de paix de sécurité, matérialisation de la volonté politique d’impliquer pleinement l’Union africaine dans la gestion des préoccupations sécuritaires, permet, à bien des égards, d’aligner l’action de l’Union sur celles des Communautés économiques sous-régionales, l’impact de son opérationnalisation est relativement faible quant à la prévention des rivalités. À l’origine de cette faible portée se trouve la volonté des États et surtout des puissances sous-régionales, de faire des Communautés et mécanismes sous-régionaux, contrairement à l’esprit de l’Architecture de paix et de sécurité, le fer de lance des politiques sécuritaires. Les ambiguïtés qui en résultent, loin d’apaiser les rapports entre l’UA et les Communautés sous-régionales, participent logiquement à une exacerbation des rivalités entre ces organisations.
Consécration du jus cogens : un dialogue à raviver entre cours internationale et régionales dans l’œuvre de reconnaissance de droits humains impératifs
Authors: Maia Catherine
Published: January 2021

De l’analyse de la jurisprudence de la Cour internationale de Justice et des cours régionales des droits de l’homme européenne, interaméricaine et africaine sous le prisme de la consécration de la notion de jus cogens , il ressort un dialogue largement moribond entre les juges. À une consécration prudente et totalement autocentrée par le juge international s’oppose une consécration contrastée et amplement autocentrée par les juges régionaux.
La marque de Durkheim. L’empreinte pédagogique du maître sur ses étudiants d’après l’analyse des emprunts d’ouvrages de la bibliothèque de Lettres de Bordeaux (1889-1902)
Authors: Béra Matthieu , Galera Robert
Published: January 2021

Dans cet article, on se propose de mettre en place une méthodologie originale visant à repérer les marques de l’empreinte de Durkheim, enseignant à Bordeaux entre 1887 et 1902, sur ses étudiants. Le corpus est constitué par le registre des ouvrages empruntés par le professeur et ses étudiants depuis 1889. 79 étudiants de Durkheim (sur 150 identifiés administrativement) ont effectué 3 000 emprunts sur la période. L’analyse de la bibliothèque estudiantine (sous divisée en étudiants agrégatifs et étudiants de licence) montre que l’influence du maître fut faible en science sociale et sciences du religieux. A l’exception de Spencer, aucun « sociologue » n’a circulé entre le maître et ses étudiants, pour des raisons abordées dans l’article. Sa marque philosophique, partagée avec les autres enseignants, est prédominante. On a pu établir que sa marque personnelle sur ses étudiants s’exerça surtout en psychologie, ce qui est pour le moins inattendu. Une seconde partie de l’article présente les influences comparées des professeurs (Hamelin, Espinas, Rodier et Durkheim) sur leurs étudiants communs, ce qui est une autre méthode pour faire ressortir la singularité de la marque bibliographique durkheimienne. Elle pose les jalons pour des monographies permettant de spécifier celles de ses collègues, inconnues jusqu’alors.
La pratique du serment au Moyen Âge
Authors: Leveleux-Teixeira Corinne
Published: January 2021

Sous l’influence de la littérature épique et de la culture féodale, la pratique médiévale du serment est souvent présentée comme une sorte d’archétype de l’engagement absolu et du dévouement chevaleresque. La réalité historique est plus complexe et témoigne à la fois de la force du contrôle ecclésiastique et de la portée éminemment politique de la parole jurée. Longtemps utilisé pour fonder ou pour renforcer la stabilité du pacte social, le serment voit toutefois son rôle public s’effacer à la fin du Moyen Âge dans le cadre de la construction de l’État.
Une décision personnelle pour servir une ambition collective
Authors: Menaouine Daniel
Published: January 2021

En février 2018, le général Daniel Menaouine s’est vu confier par le président de la République une mission d’étude sur la mise en œuvre du projet de service national universel ( snu ). Il revient ici sur cette expérience et comment il a essayé de comprendre les aspirations et les raisons de l’engagement des jeunes Français d’aujourd’hui. Notamment à l’aune de sa propre expérience.
Le sillon de l’engagement. Une militaire en politique
Authors: Saint-Paul Laëtitia
Published: January 2021

Députée de la 4 e  circonscription du Maine-et-Loire depuis 2017, Laëtitia Saint-Paul est aussi saint-cyrienne de la promotion « De Galbert » (2002-2005). « Le » premier militaire d’active élu depuis 1918, la première femme militaire à l’Assemblée nationale. Pour Inflexions , elle revient sur les défis qu’il lui a fallu relever, sur les raisons de ses engagements, leur complémentarité, leur évidence. Dans un seul but : l’intérêt général.
L’intellectuel engagé
Authors: Rioux Jean-Pierre
Published: January 2021

Au xx e  siècle, l’« intellectuel engagé » français a été un produit national célèbre dans le monde entier. Son acte de naissance est bien daté. Dans les semaines qui ont suivi la parution, dans L’Aurore de Georges Clemenceau le 13 janvier 1898, du « J’accuse ! » d’Émile Zola, la presse a publié des listes de pétitionnaires qui soutenaient vigoureusement l’écrivain traîné devant les Assises de la Seine pour injure à l’armée ainsi que la révision du procès du capitaine Dreyfus injustement condamné pour espionnage par la justice militaire. Georges Clemenceau puis Maurice Barrès inventèrent alors un néologisme pour qualifier cette minorité protestataire et agissante : le mot « intellectuel », aussitôt accouplé avec le vieux vocable juridique et militaire d’« engagement ». Mais qu’en est-il au xxi e siècle ?
“Come on! We can beat this”
Authors: Steffens Martin
Published: January 2021

Relevant du domaine de la praxis , de l’agir, l’engagement doit se passer des garanties qu’apporterait la science. On s’engage sans savoir si ce que l’on tente, non seulement est réalisable mais se révèlera profitable. L’engagement nous condamne ainsi à une triple confiance (en son pressentiment, en l’ordre du monde, en ceux qui suivront), qui, parce qu’elle est difficile et audacieuse, explique les formes de sa crise actuelle.
D’une histoire familiale et collective « silenciée » à des faits individuels de violence assourdissante : la nécessaire élaboration du récit
Authors: Feldman Marion
Published: January 2021

À travers l’analyse d’une situation clinique, cet article propose de montrer les effets dévastateurs d’un traumatisme historique sur la dynamique familiale transgénérationnelle et sur la subjectivité. Il s’agit du suivi thérapeutique de la mère d’un jeune adulte incarcéré à la suite de faits de port d’armes et de violences envers autrui. L’analyse de cette situation permet d’identifier les processus à l’œuvre dans la transmission transgénérationnelle des traumas liés au destin tout particulier des Juifs originaires d’Algérie qui ont vécu « trois exils » ou plutôt trois exclusions entre 1870 et 1962. Ainsi cet article montre, d’une part, l’impact de la réalité extérieure comme étant inhérente à la construction psychique des sujets à différentes strates générationnelles, d’autre part, comment le travail thérapeutique intégrant l’élaboration de l’histoire collective, au sens de la grande histoire, permet de quitter le registre émotionnel des agirs pour les transformer en récits assimilables pouvant se transmettre à la descendance.
Autour de la genèse de la Banque Russo-Chinoise : les ambitions contradictoires d’une alliance franco-russe
Authors: Claeys Thierry , Wen Wen
Published: January 2021

La naissance de la Banque Russo-Chinoise – voulue par Sergeï Witte – suivit l’émission de l’emprunt chinois de 400 millions de francs par un syndicat franco-russe, devant servir à rembourser le tiers de l’indemnité de guerre due par la Chine au Japon, après la guerre sino-japonaise de 1894-1895. Cette banque, qui avait pour objectif l’exploitation de mines et de chemins de fer et de devenir l’un des principaux établissements de crédit en Chine, était constituée par un syndicat bancaire franco-russe, essentiellement à partir de capitaux français. Elle reprit les actifs du Comptoir National d’Escompte de Paris , grand perdant dans cette opération. La Banque Russo-Chinoise , qui devait, à l’origine, servir les intérêts communs de la France et de la Russie, alliées depuis décembre 1893 – janvier 1894, dans l’optique du gouvernement français, fut en réalité un instrument de la géopolitique russe, stricto sensu, largement financé par les établissements bancaires français.
Préface
Authors: Borgo Marta
Published: January 2021

Dans cet aperçu, la notion de corps, qui joue un rôle majeur dans la théologie de l’Aquinate, de la création à l’eschatologie, est étudiée dans une perspective philosophique. Les différents sens que Thomas attribue au mot « corps » sont notamment caractérisés, selon qu’il se réfère aux réalités extra-mentales ou à notre manière d’en comprendre et d’en analyser la structure. S’inspirant d’Aristote et Porphyre d’un côté, d’Avicenne de l’autre, Thomas distingue ainsi non seulement entre le corps en tant qu’accident quantitatif et en tant que détermination substantielle, mais aussi entre le corps pris en tant que partie d’un être corporel et en tant que tout. Parmi d’autres aspects, la relation que le corps entretient avec la matière est précisée.
Tommaso d’Aquino Sulla Complessione corporea
Authors: Zuccolin Gabriella
Published: January 2021

Au Moyen Âge, la théorie médicale de la complexio n’est pas confinée dans le domaine restreint de la théorie ou de la pratique de la médecine. Elle implique une anthropologie déterminée, qui ne concerne pas seulement la santé et le bien-être de l’homme, mais, dans certaines limites, la nature même de celui-ci ou, pour mieux dire, la manière dont la nature spécifique de l’homme s’articule avec la variété et la différence des tempéraments et des dispositions individuelles : ce qu’est chaque individu dépend de la complexion qui lui est propre. Cette anthropologie médicale dépasse les limites de sa discipline et pénètre aussi la théologie, par une série d’implications, pas toujours prévisibles, qui concernent la place de l’homme dans l’univers, l’eschatologie, la démonologie et aussi la christologie. Le but de cette étude est de rendre compte de certaines de ces implications en regard de la pensée de Thomas d’Aquin. Les différents lieux où Thomas étudie la complexion corporelle – il en considère les implications dans les domaines intellectuel et moral – montrent une sorte d’assimilation de l’anthropologie médicale (indirectement galénique, mais surtout avicennienne) à l’intérieur de son horizon de pensée, constitué par la philosophie naturelle aristotélicienne et par les exigences propres à sa théologie.
Transmutatio corporalis. Le corps et les passions selon Thomas d’Aquin
Authors: Casagrande Carla
Published: January 2021

Dans cet article j’analyse le concept de transmutatio corporalis dans la théorie des passions de Thomas d’Aquin. Je prends en considération surtout le traité sur les passions contenu dans la Somme de théologie, mais aussi d’autres textes du maître dominicain : le Commentaire sur les Sentences, les Questions disputées sur la vérité, le bref traité Sur le mouvement du cœur. Tout d’abord, je montre comment l’idée de transmutatio corporalis est essentielle pour la définition thomasienne de la passion, puis j’identifie en quoi consiste cette modification corporelle dans les principales passions. Je termine avec l’analyse de la transmutatio corporalis dans la dynamique entre l’âme et le corps, m’arrêtant notamment sur l’idée de la redundantia, à savoir le processus circulaire par lequel l’âme modifie le corps et le corps modifié intervient sur l’âme.
Assessment of Global Health Competence of Nursing Faculty in Prelicensure Programs
Authors: Lynn Kelly Ann , McKinnon Tamara , Madigan Elizabeth , Fitzpatrick Joyce J.
Published: January 2021

Background:

Global Health is an emerging field that refers to the health and well-being of the world's population. It is crucial that the next generation of nurses is prepared as global health advocates. There is no prior research of self-assessed global health competencies among nursing faculty in U.S. prelicensure programs. The aim of this study was to determine the level of global health competencies (knowledge and skills) of nursing faculty in U.S. prelicensure programs.

Method:

Attendees at the National League for Nursing Education Summit completed the Global Health Competencies survey.

Results:

Survey participants (
N
= 161) reported a 66.76% confidence in their knowledge of global health and 61.4% confidence in global health skills with patients from different backgrounds. Three areas of educational needs were identified: (a) the relationship between health and access to clean water, sanitation, and nutrition; (b) cultural competency; and (c) understanding the relationship between health and human rights.

Conclusion:

Nursing faculty participants identified several areas for improvement in their knowledge of global health issues.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2021;60(1):20–24.]
Preparing for the COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on a Nursing Simulation Curriculum
Authors: Shea Kathleen L. , Rovera Edward J.
Published: January 2021

Background:

This article describes one school's process to maintain their undergraduate nursing simulation program during campus closure and clinical placement suspension due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method:

After the campus closure, faculty replaced clinical hours with simulation using virtual clinical education such as telehealth with standardized patients (SPs), virtual simulations using commercial products, and virtual faculty skills instruction.

Results:

Using virtual clinical education and SP-based telehealth simulations provided an alternative for 50% of the required direct patient care hours. Virtual simulation accounted for 18,403 clinical hours completed by 244 students.

Conclusion:

Preparation for emergencies that force campus and clinical site closures should include processes to provide virtual simulation and remote simulations with SPs to replace clinical hours. Planning for the impacts of COVID-19 on the operation of this school of nursing highlights the importance of having a detailed plan to address campus closure due to emergencies.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2021;60(1):52–55.]
Synchrotron 3D μ-Tomography of Porosity during Hot Isostatic Pressing of a Single-Crystal Nickel-Base Superalloy
Authors: Epishin Alexander , Camin Bettina , Hansen Lennart , Schmidt Jonas
Published: January 2021

The evolution of microporosity in single-crystal nickel-base superalloy CMSX-4 during hot isostatic pressing has been investigated by high resolution tomography at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility in Grenoble. The kinetic dependencies of microporosity annihilation in the superalloy in initially as-cast and homogenized conditions were obtained. It was shown that smaller homogenization pores of about 5-10 μm in size are rapidly annihilate during hot isostatic pressing, while annihilation of larger solidification pores of size up to a few hundred micrometer takes a long time. After commercial hot isostatic pressing at 1288 °C, 103 MPa, 4 h only rare pores smaller than 20 μm remain, which are not critical for fatigue strength.
Progress towards a Complete Model of Metal Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Nguyen Vu Thua , Murphy Anthony B. , Delaney Gary W. , Cummins Sharen J. , Cleary Paul W. , Cook Peter S. , Gunasegaram Dayalan R. , Styles Mark J. , Sinnott Matt D.
Published: January 2021

Metal additive manufacturing based on powder bed fusion processes is increasingly important. However, highly transient physical phenomena that occur in these processes at different length scales are difficult to observe. Challenging and costly experiments are usually needed to obtain data for process understanding and improvement. Computational modelling of powder-bed fusion processes is therefore important from several points of view. These include better process understanding, optimisation of process parameters and component designs, prediction of component properties, qualification of components and to assist process control. Several physical processes have to be treated to develop a complete model, namely the raking of the powder bed surface, the transfer of energy from the laser or electron beam to the metal, the melting and solidification of the powder, the flow of liquid metal in the melt pool, the heat transfer from the melt pool to the surrounding powder and solid metal, the evolution of the microstructure, and the residual stress and deformation of the component. These processes occur at very different scales, and have to be treated using several different computational techniques. In addition, the interdependency of some of the processes has to be accounted for. This paper discusses the rationale for developing a complete model, progress in developing sub-models of the different physical processes, and the framework that is envisaged to combine the sub-models into a predictive model of the additive manufacturing process.
Investigation of Three-Dimensional Geometry of Butterfly Martensite and Analysis of Relationship between Hardness of Lath/Butterfly Two-Phase Martensite and its Grain Thickness in Medium-Carbon Steel
Authors: Niho Takayoshi , Nagato Keisuke , Nakao Masayuki
Published: January 2021

Medium-carbon steel with approximately 0.6 wt% carbon is widely used for mechanical applications, because the martensite contained in it is harder than that of low-carbon and high-carbon steel. The microstructure of steel martensite varies depending on the carbon content, and the microstructure of medium-carbon steel martensite are a mixture of lath martensite (LM) and butterfly martensite (BM). The geometry of LM grains are thin plates having thicknesses of 0.2–0.5 μm. As for BM, some researches demonstrated that the region of martensite spreads in the depth direction of the observation surface. However, the three-dimensional geometry of BM grains remains unclear. Through cross-sectional observation using focused ion beam (FIB), the present study demonstrates that one BM grain is formed via collision of two plates. Previous research shows that the hardness of LM is inversely correlated with the thickness of the grains. The FIB observation result indicates that geometry of LM and BM grains are both plate-like. In the present study, whether the same relationship is valid for the mixture of LM and BM grains is investigated. The results show that the hardness of medium-carbon steel martensite increases according to the decrease in thickness of constituent grains of the two-phase structure of LM and BM.
Effect of Cold Reduction Rate on Ferrite Recrystallization Behavior during Annealing in Low-Carbon Steel with Different Initial Microstructures
Authors: Ogawa Toshio , Hishikawa Ryo , Adachi Yoshitaka
Published: January 2021

We investigate the effect of the cold reduction rate on ferrite recrystallization behavior during the annealing of low-carbon steel with different initial microstructures. Three types of hot-rolled sheet specimens are prepared: specimens P, B, and M, which consist of ferrite and pearlite, bainite, and martensite, respectively. To evaluate the effect of the cold reduction rate on ferrite recrystallization behavior, hot-rolled sheet specimens are cold-rolled at cold reduction rates of 40% and 67%. The cold-rolled sheet specimens are heated to the target temperature, and then water-quenched to room temperature. Irrespective of the initial microstructures, the ferrite recrystallization is accelerated by increasing the cold reduction rate. In addition, the dislocation densities of specimens P and B increase at the larger cold reduction rate, which accelerates ferrite recrystallization in these specimens. In the case of specimen M, the dislocation arrangement parameter remarkably decreases at the larger cold reduction rate, whereas the dislocation density hardly changes. Thus, we conclude that the accelerated ferrite recrystallization at the larger cold reduction rate for specimen M can be mainly attributed to an increase in the amount of interactions between dislocations in the specimen.