bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Statistics of Depressions Covering the Northern Gulf of Mexico Salt‐Minibasin Province: Drivers and Strength of Bathymetric Self‐Organization
Authors: Reece J. Kevin , Straub Kyle M.
Published: January 2025

The bathymetry of the northern Gulf of Mexico is strongly influenced by diapirism of subsurface salt. A competition between salt dynamics and the depositional mechanics of sediment laden density flows over geological timescales controls the scale of seafloor depressions, which are the dominant bathymetric features of the margin. Salt domes create topographic highs, and salt removal to the domes creates topographic lows, with sediment deposition driving the gravitational dynamics. The strength of bathymetric self‐organization into depressions is inferred through analysis of a vast bathymetric data set made public by the U.S. Bureau of Ocean and Energy Management. Depression geometric scales follow Pareto distributions, and their tail indexes aid inference of the strength of bathymetric self‐organization, with lower tail indexes linked to greater self‐organization. A comparison is made of margin subregions defined by pseudo‐flow drainage density maps, which inversely relates to the pre‐deformation thickness of subsurface salt. Tail indexes of distributions decrease with the thickness of the underlying salt. This is linked to the merger of depressions, which is enhanced when depressions can grow wider and deeper, as occurs over thick salt fields, and the development of salt structure. The manner of self‐organization results in most of the margin's ponded sediment accommodation residing in relatively few depressions that have reliefs exceeding 100 m. This relief is sufficient to induce sedimentation from even the thickest turbidity currents, which can further drive gravitational dynamics. The bathymetric complexity of depressions is also greatest over regions with the thickest salt, further supporting enhanced self‐organization.
A Cluster‐Based Data Assimilation Approach to Generate New Daily Gridded Time Series Precipitation Data in the Himalayan River Basins
Authors: Singh Japjeet , Singh Vishal , Ojha Chandra Shekhar Prasad
Published: January 2025

Recent studies show variations in precipitation‐gridded data set accuracy with changing geographical parameters. Ensemble precipitation products, combining diverse data sets, offer global‐scale effectiveness, but applying them to regional studies, particularly in small to medium‐sized sub‐basins, presents challenges in addressing precipitation dependence on specific geographical conditions. Here, we present a newly developed Clusters Based‐Minimum Error approach to assimilate different open‐source gridded precipitation data sets for forming an accurate precipitation product over small to medium‐sized hilly terrain basins, with limited precipitation gauges. This methodology generates the New Gridded Precipitation Data Set (NGPD) from 1991 to 2022 for the Upper Ganga Basin in the western Himalaya, covering approximately 22,292 km2. The study utilizes nine open‐source gridded precipitation data sets and 11 observed precipitation gauges, NGPD is evaluated through station‐wise, grid‐wise, and elevation‐wise analyses using statistical parameters, quantile‐quantile plots, daily coefficient of determination, Rainfall Anomaly Index, and seasonality/precipitation pattern analyses. Results demonstrate the superior performance of NGPD compared to other gridded precipitation sources across various evaluation metrics. Nash‐Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), Coefficient of determination (R2), and Root mean squared error (RMSE) range from 0.67 to 0.90, 0.73–0.93, and 4.4–10.69 mm/day, respectively, w.r.t 11 observed precipitation gauges. NGPD outperforms the widely used IMD data set in India, exhibiting a monthly scale improvement of 18.47% and 17.7% in average NSE and R2 values, respectively. Additionally, the methodology is also successfully applied to the Tamor Basin in Nepal, proving its reliability for various Himalayan regions. This approach reliably creates accurate gridded precipitation data sets for hilly sub‐basins, especially in Himalayan regions with limited station data.
Changes in Snow Drought and the Impacts on Streamflow Across Northern Catchments
Authors: Han Juntai , Yang Yuting , Guo Yuhan , Li Changming , Liu Ziwei , Tu Zhuoyi , Xi Haiyang
Published: January 2025

Snow drought, characterized by an anomalous reduction in snowpack, exerts profound hydrological and socioeconomic impacts in cold regions. Despite its significance, the influence of diverse snow drought types, including warm, dry, and warm‐and‐dry variants, on streamflow remains inadequately understood. Here we present the first hemispheric‐scale, observation‐based assessment of snow drought patterns and the impacts on seasonal and annual streamflow (Q) across 3049 northern catchments over 1950–2020. Our findings reveal that catchments with a lower mean annual snowfall fraction () exhibit a heightened prevalence and severity of warm and warm‐and‐dry snow droughts, whereas high‐ experience a more prevalent but less severe dry snow drought. This disparity arises from distinct sensitivities of snowpack to cold‐season precipitation and temperature. In addition, dry and warm‐and‐dry snow droughts induce a reduction in Q during both cold and warm seasons, culminating in a significant decrease in annual Q. Conversely, warm snow drought increases annual Q in catchments with but decreases annual Q in catchments with , attributable to a trade‐off between increased cold‐season streamflow (Qc) and decreased warm‐season streamflow (Qw). With ongoing climate warming, a continued reduction in snowfall is anticipated, which is expected to further increase the frequency and severity of warm and warm‐dry snow droughts. These circumstances, particularly impactful under low conditions, are poised to present formidable challenges for water resources management in cold regions globally.
ApoM maintains cellular homeostasis between mitophagy and apoptosis by affecting the stability of Nnt mRNA through the Zic3-ApoM-Elavl2-Nnt axis during neural tube closure
Authors: Liu Qing , Liu Dan , Wang Yuejiao , Wei Xiaowei , Ma Wei , Gu Hui , Jia Shanshan , He Yiwen , Luo Wenting , Cao Songying , Yang Zhonghua , Wu Anhua , Yuan Zhengwei
Published: January 2025

Research on the aetiology of neural tube defects (NTDs) has made progress in recent years. However, the molecular mechanism of apolipoproteins underlying NTDs development remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the function of apolipoprotein M (ApoM) in the pathogenesis of NTDs and its underlying mechanisms. We demonstrated that ApoM expression was reduced in the spinal cord samples of rat models and human fetuses with NTDs respectively. Specifically, lack of ApoM resulted in reduced cytosolic localization of Elavl2 and caused Nnt mRNA degradation, which further led to impaired cell homeostasis by suppressing PINK1-PRKN-mediated mitophagy and promoting apoptosis and subsequent NTDs formation. Moreover, Zic3 directly interacted with the promoter of ApoM and activated its transcription. Lastly, intra-amniotic delivery of adenoviral recombinant Zic3 or ApoM could promote mitophagy and alleviate apoptosis in spinal cords of NTDs. Collectively, these findings highlight the important role of the Zic3-ApoM-Elavl2-Nnt axis in cellular homeostasis during neural tube development, thereby revealing an intracellular molecular regulatory mechanism of ApoM, providing a mechanistic basis for understanding embryonic neural development, and offering experimental evidence for potential therapeutic targets for NTDs.
Kinship clustering within an ecologically diverse killer whale metapopulation
Authors: Baumgartner Chérine D. , Jourdain Eve , Bonhoeffer Sebastian , Borgå Katrine , Heide-Jørgensen Mads P. , Karoliussen Richard , Laine Jan T. , Rosing-Asvid Aqqalu , Ruus Anders , Tavares Sara B. , Ugarte Fernando , Samarra Filipa I. P. , Foote Andrew D.
Published: January 2025

Metapopulation dynamics can be shaped by foraging ecology, and thus be sensitive to shifts in prey availability. Genotyping 204 North Atlantic killer whales at 1346 loci, we investigated whether spatio-temporal population structuring is linked to prey type and distribution. Using population-based methods (reflecting evolutionary means), we report a widespread metapopulation connected across ecological groups based upon nuclear genome SNPs, yet spatial structuring based upon mitogenome haplotypes. These contrasting patterns of markers with maternal and biparental inheritance are consistent with matrilineal site fidelity and philopatry, and male-mediated gene flow among demes. Connectivity between fish-eating and ‘mixed-diet’ (eating both fish and mammal prey) killer whales, marks a deviation within a species renowned for its marked structure associated with ecology. However, relatedness estimates suggest distinct spatial clusters, and heterogeneity in recent gene flow between them. The contrasting patterns between inference of structure and inference of relatedness suggest that gene flow has been partially restricted over the past two to three generations (50–70 years). This coincides with the collapse of North Atlantic herring stocks in the late 1960s and the subsequent cessation of their seasonal connectivity. Statistically significant association between diet types and assignment of Icelandic killer whales to relatedness-based clusters indicated limited gene flow was maintained through Icelandic ‘mixed-diet’ whales when herring-mediated connectivity was diminished. Thus, conservation of dietary variation within this metapopulation is critical to ensure genetic health. Our study highlights the role of resource dynamics and foraging ecology in shaping population structure and emphasises the need for transnational management of this widespread migratory species and its prey.
Cryo-electron tomography pipeline for plasma membranes
Authors: Sun Willy W. , Michalak Dennis J. , Sochacki Kem A. , Kunamaneni Prasanthi , Alfonzo-Méndez Marco A. , Arnold Andreas M. , Strub Marie-Paule , Hinshaw Jenny E. , Taraska Justin W.
Published: January 2025

Cryo-electron tomography (cryoET) provides sub-nanometer protein structure within the dense cellular environment. Existing sample preparation methods are insufficient at accessing the plasma membrane and its associated proteins. Here, we present a correlative cryo-electron tomography pipeline optimally suited to image large ultra-thin areas of isolated basal and apical plasma membranes. The pipeline allows for angstrom-scale structure determination with subtomogram averaging and employs a genetically encodable rapid chemically-induced electron microscopy visible tag for marking specific proteins within the complex cellular environment. The pipeline provides efficient, distributable, low-cost sample preparation and enables targeted structural studies of identified proteins at the plasma membrane of mammalian cells.
Non-linear enhancement of ultrafast X-ray diffraction through transient resonances
Authors: Kuschel Stephan , Ho Phay J. , Al Haddad Andre , Zimmermann Felix F. , Flueckiger Leonie , Ware Matthew R. , Duris Joseph , MacArthur James P. , Lutman Alberto , Lin Ming-Fu , Li Xiang , Nakahara Kazutaka , Aldrich Jeff W. , Walter Peter , Young Linda , Bostedt Christoph , Marinelli Agostino , Gorkhover Tais
Published: January 2025

Diffraction-before-destruction imaging with ultrashort X-ray pulses can visualize non-equilibrium processes, such as chemical reactions, with sub-femtosecond precision in the native environment. Here, a nanospecimen diffracts a single X-ray flash before it disintegrates. The sample structure can be reconstructed from the coherent diffraction image (CDI). State-of-the-art X-ray snapshots lack high spatial resolution because of weak diffraction signal. Bleaching effects from photo-ionization significantly restrain image brightness scaling. We find that non-linear transient ion resonances can overcome this barrier if X-ray laser pulses are shorter than in most experiments. We compared snapshots from individual  ≈ 100 nm Xe nanoparticles as a function of pulse duration and incoming X-ray fluence. Our experimental results and Monte Carlo simulations suggest that transient resonances can increase ionic scattering cross sections significantly beyond literature values. This provides a novel avenue towards substantial improvement of the spatial resolution in CDI in combination with sub-femtosecond temporal precision at the nanoscale.
Validation of a multiplexed immunoassay for immunological analysis of pre erythrocytic malaria vaccines
Authors: Stockdale L. K. , Provstgaard-Morys S. , Bellamy D. , Woods D. , Rapi K. , Bajer A. , Hollingdale B. , Muñoz O. , Malik S. , Hill A. V. S. , Ewer K. J.
Published: January 2025

The primary immunological readout for clinical trials of R21/MatrixM™ malaria vaccine, is total IgG antibody specific to the central four amino acid NANP repeat region of the circumsporozoite protein. A multiplexed assay, which includes NANP, was developed and validated for four antigens representing components of the R21 immunogen. Initial assay optimisation included validation of the HBsAg international standard. Further validation performed in Oxford covered intra and inter-assay, and inter-operator variability, accuracy of QC and standard curve material, and included bridging to a singleplex NANP6 ELISA. The assay was shown to be robust and specific, with a broad dynamic range. We report a strong linear relationship between NANP6 IgG as measured by the singleplex ELISA and the multiplexed assay with rho values of 0.89 and 0.88 for two separate clinical trials (both p < 0.0005). This assay can be used to measure antibodies specific to the CSP NANP repeat region, CSP C-term region, full length R21 and HBsAg.
Dichotomy retreat and aqueous alteration on Noachian Mars recorded in highland remnants
Authors: McNeil Joseph D. , Fawdon Peter , Balme Matthew R. , Coe Angela L. , Cuadros Javier , Turner Stuart M. R.
Published: January 2025

The Mawrth Vallis region is a plateau situated on the highland side of Mars’ hemispheric dichotomy boundary. It has a >200-m-thick phyllosilicate-bearing stratigraphic succession that indicates extensive aqueous alteration between 4.1 Ga and 3.7 Ga, during the Noachian Period. In addition, thousands of kilometre-scale isolated mounds in the lowlands north and west of Mawrth Vallis have been identified. Here we use geomorphological and spectroscopic analyses to show that the mounds are erosional remnants that formed through retreat of the highland plateau in the Noachian. Consequently, the escarpment that marks the surface expression of the dichotomy must have receded south-southeast by hundreds of kilometres in this area. Lateral and stratigraphic geochemical variation in the mounds show that widespread, multiphase aqueous alteration occurred in situ across this region in surface and subsurface environments. The mound succession is underlain by a pyroxene-rich unit that represents unaltered material below the regional phyllosilicate-bearing sequence and is unconformably overlain by a thin capping unit that marks the end of large-scale regional aqueous activity. Thus, the mounds contain a stratigraphic record of the onset, evolution and cessation of Noachian aqueous conditions in this region, detailing the environment and climate of Mars at its most habitable.
Mapping the cellular etiology of schizophrenia and complex brain phenotypes
Authors: Duncan Laramie E. , Li Tayden , Salem Madeleine , Li Will , Mortazavi Leili , Senturk Hazal , Shahverdizadeh Naghmeh , Vesuna Sam , Shen Hanyang , Yoon Jong , Wang Gordon , Ballon Jacob , Tan Longzhi , Pruett Brandon Scott , Knutson Brian , Deisseroth Karl , Giardino William J.
Published: January 2025

Psychiatric disorders are multifactorial and effective treatments are lacking. Probable contributing factors to the challenges in therapeutic development include the complexity of the human brain and the high polygenicity of psychiatric disorders. Combining well-powered genome-wide and brain-wide genetics and transcriptomics analyses can deepen our understanding of the etiology of psychiatric disorders. Here, we leverage two landmark resources to infer the cell types involved in the etiology of schizophrenia, other psychiatric disorders and informative comparison of brain phenotypes. We found both cortical and subcortical neuronal associations for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression. These cell types included somatostatin interneurons, excitatory neurons from the retrosplenial cortex and eccentric medium spiny-like neurons from the amygdala. In contrast we found T cell and B cell associations with multiple sclerosis and microglial associations with Alzheimer’s disease. We provide a framework for a cell-type-based classification system that can lead to drug repurposing or development opportunities and personalized treatments. This work formalizes a data-driven, cellular and molecular model of complex brain disorders.
Alterations in genes associated with cytosolic RNA sensing in whole blood are associated with coronary microvascular disease in SLE
Authors: Huo Lihong , Naveen Kumar Arati , Tumurkhuu Gantsetseg , Bose Moumita , Berman Daniel S. , Wallace Daniel J. , Wei Janet , Ishimori Mariko , Bairey Merz C. Noel , Jefferies Caroline
Published: January 2025

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients are 90% women and over three times more likely to die of cardiovascular disease than women in the general population. Chest pain with no obstructive cardiac disease is associated with coronary microvascular disease (CMD), where narrowing of the small blood vessels can lead to ischemia, and frequently reported by SLE patients. Using whole blood RNA samples, we asked whether gene signatures discriminate SLE patients with coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) on cardiac MRI (n = 4) from those without (n = 7) and whether any signaling pathway is linked to the underlying pathobiology of SLE CMD. RNA-seq analysis revealed 143 differentially expressed (DE) genes between the SLE and healthy control (HC) groups, with virus defense and interferon (IFN) signaling being the key pathways identified as enriched in SLE as expected. We next conducted a comparative analysis of genes differentially expressed in SLE–CMD and SLE–non-CMD relative to HC samples. Our analysis highlighted differences in IFN signaling, RNA sensing and ADP-ribosylation pathways between SLE–CMD and SLE–non-CMD. This is the first study to investigate possible gene signatures associating with CMD in SLE, and our data strongly suggests that distinct molecular mechanisms underly vascular changes in CMD and non-CMD involvement in SLE.
A chaotic digital signature algorithm based on a dynamic substitution box
Authors: Flores-Carapia Rolando , Silva-García Víctor Manuel , Cardona-López Manuel Alejandro , Villarreal-Cervantes Miguel Gabriel
Published: January 2025

Given the large volumes of sensitive information transmitted over the Internet, digital signatures are essential for verifying message authenticity and integrity. A key challenge is minimizing computationally intensive operations, such as modular inverses, without compromising security. In this research, we propose the DSADH
$$\pi$$
algorithm, which introduces a confusion step directly into the signature itself, rather than only applying it to the message, using a dynamic substitution box. It is generated with the number pi and changes with each signing. In addition, to enhance security, this work uses a 2048-bit prime, double the length frequently used. This proposal induces chaotic behavior in the signature, making it highly sensitive to any changes in the signer’s private key or message content, thereby enhancing authentication and integrity verification. Moreover, the proposed algorithm computes a single multiplicative modular inverse during verification and none during signing, unlike other approaches that require inverse computation in both stages. Since the required inverse is for the Diffie-Hellman session key, it always exists and can be precomputed per communication rather than per message. Consequently, DSADH
$$\pi$$
is on average 45 times faster than DSA. Additionally, we introduce a method to assess signature security by constructing images from signature bytes generated by slight changes to the signer’s private key and message. Then, their chaotic behavior is evaluated with cryptographic metrics.
The impact of atopy on the clinical characteristics of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in pediatric patients
Authors: Qin Yujie , Yang Yuxia , Li Junxiang , Guan Jun
Published: January 2025

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is one of the pathogens that cause community-acquired pneumonia in children. Atopic diseases are also common in children. However, the impact of atopy on Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) in children is still unclear. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of atopy on the clinical characteristics of MPP in children, and provide a diagnosis and treatment plan. A total of 489 children hospitalized for MPP in our hospital from June 2023 to December 2023 were selected. They were divided into an atopic group (n = 172) and a non-atopic group (n = 317) based on whether they had atopy or not. Clinical data, treatment regimens, and laboratory indicators were compared between the two groups. Eosinophil count, lactate dehydrogenase and IgE levels were higher in the atopic group than in the non-atopic group. Additionally, neutrophil percentage, procalcitonin levels were lower in the atopic group than in the non-atopic group (P < 0.05). The proportion of bronchiolitis type on lung imaging was higher in the atopic group, and there was a higher incidence of severe pneumonia compared to the non-atopic group (P < 0.05). Atopy may lead to severe MPP and bronchiolitis-type MPP. Therefore, the treatment and prognosis of these children should be given more attention.
Pioneering genome editing in parthenogenetic stick insects: CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knockout in Medauroidea extradentata
Authors: Di Cristina Giulia , Dirksen Elina , Altenhein Benjamin , Büschges Ansgar , Korsching Sigrun I.
Published: January 2025

The parthenogenetic life cycle of the stick insect Medauroidea extradentata offers unique advantages for the generation of genome-edited strains, as an isogenic and stable mutant line can in principle be achieved already in the first generation (G0). However, genetic tools for the manipulation of their genes had not been developed until now. Here, we successfully implement CRISPR/Cas9 as a technique to modify the genome of the stick insect M. extradentata. As proof-of-concept we targeted two genes involved in the ommochrome pathway of eye pigmentation (cinnabar and white, second and first exon, respectively), to generate knockout (KO) mutants. Microinjections were performed within 24 h after oviposition, to focus on the mononuclear (and haploid) stage of development. The KOs generated resulted in distinct eye and cuticle colour phenotypes for cinnabar and white. Homozygous cinnabar mutants showed pale pigmentation of eyes and cuticle. They develop into adults capable of producing viable eggs. Homozygous white KO resulted in a completely unpigmented phenotype in developing embryos that were unable to hatch. In conclusion, we show that CRISPR/Cas9 can be successfully applied to the genome of M. extradentata by creating phenotypically different and viable insects. This powerful gene editing technique can now be employed to create stable genetically modified lines using a parthenogenetic non-model organism.
A disproportionality analysis of FDA adverse event reporting system events for misoprostol
Authors: Yang Li , Xu Wenting
Published: January 2025

Misoprostol was originally used to treat gastric ulcers, and has been widely used in abortion, cervical maturation, induced labour and postpartum hemorrhage. But there are still many undetected adverse events (AEs). The purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive overview of the safety of misoprostol. Adverse events related to misoprostol were collected from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database from the first quarter of 2004 to the second quarter of 2024. This study used proportional disequilibrium methods such as reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN), and empirical Bayes geometric mean (EBGM) to detect AEs. After analyzing 17,427,762 adverse event reports, a total of 2032 adverse events reports related to misoprostol were identified, involving 23 system organ classes and 30 preferred terms. The most common AEs were foetal exposure during delivery(n = 201), uterine tachysystole(n = 95), uterine rupture (n = 95), and heart rate decreased (n = 93). Although most AEs complied with the drug instruction, new AEs signals such as congenital aqueductal stenosis and congenital brain damage were also identified. Clinicians should make appropriate evaluation when using misoprostol, closely monitor the indicators of patients, and have appropriate countermeasures for possible adverse events.
Tolterodine is a novel candidate for assessing CYP3A4 activity through metabolic volatiles to predict drug responses
Authors: Stock Valentina , Hofer Rebecca , Lochmann Franziska , Spanke Vera , Liedl Klaus R. , Troppmair Jakob , Langer Thierry , Gstach Hubert , Dank Christian , Mayhew Chris A. , Kammerer Sarah , Ruzsanyi Veronika
Published: January 2025

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 plays a major role in drug metabolism. Its activity could be determined by non-invasive and cost-effective assays, such as breath analysis, for the personalised monitoring of drug response. For the first time, we identify an isotopically unlabelled CYP3A4 substrate, tolterodine that leads to the formation of a non-toxic volatile metabolite, acetone, which could potentially be applied to monitor CYP3A4 activity in humans. In vitro biotransformation of tolterodine by HepG2 cells overexpressing CYP3A4, CYP2D6 or CYP2C9 was investigated by LC-MS analysis of cell culture supernatant for the non-volatile metabolite, N-dealkylated tolterodine, and PTR-ToF-MS analysis of the headspace for acetone. The highest level of the N-dealkylated metabolite was produced by HepG2-CYP3A4. Concentration dependent effects of tolterodine were analysed, resulting in TC50 values of 414 µM and 375 µM for HepG2-CYP3A4 and reference cells, respectively. Acetone and N-dealkylated tolterodine levels increased continuously over 24 h in HepG2-CYP3A4. Treatment with either a pan-CYP inhibitor, 1-aminobenzotriazole, or a CYP3A4 inhibitor, ketoconazole, considerably reduced the production of both metabolites in HepG2-CYP3A4 cells. These findings pave the way for the further development of non-invasive breath tests using unlabelled precursors to determine CYP enzyme activity in individuals.
Targeting aldolase A in hepatocellular carcinoma leads to imbalanced glycolysis and energy stress due to uncontrolled FBP accumulation
Authors: Snaebjornsson Marteinn T. , Poeller Philipp , Komkova Daria , Röhrig Florian , Schlicker Lisa , Winkelkotte Alina M. , Chaves-Filho Adriano B. , Al-Shami Kamal M. , Caballero Carolina Dehesa , Koltsaki Ioanna , Vogel Felix C. E. , Frias-Soler Roberto Carlos , Rudalska Ramona , Schwarz Jessica D. , Wolf Elmar , Dauch Daniel , Steuer Ralf , Schulze Almut
Published: January 2025

Increased glycolytic flux is a hallmark of cancer; however, an increasing body of evidence indicates that glycolytic ATP production may be dispensable in cancer, as metabolic plasticity allows cancer cells to readily adapt to disruption of glycolysis by increasing ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation. Using functional genomic screening, we show here that liver cancer cells show a unique sensitivity toward aldolase A (ALDOA) depletion. Targeting glycolysis by disrupting the catalytic activity of ALDOA led to severe energy stress and cell cycle arrest in murine and human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. With a combination of metabolic flux analysis, metabolomics, stable-isotope tracing and mathematical modelling, we demonstrate that inhibiting ALDOA induced a state of imbalanced glycolysis in which the investment phase outpaced the payoff phase. Targeting ALDOA effectively converted glycolysis from an energy producing into an energy-consuming process. Moreover, we found that depletion of ALDOA extended survival and reduced cancer cell proliferation in an animal model of hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, our findings indicate that induction of imbalanced glycolysis by targeting ALDOA presents a unique opportunity to overcome the inherent metabolic plasticity of cancer cells.
Projected runoff declines from plant physiological effects on precipitation
Authors: Lesk Corey S. , Winter Jonathan M. , Mankin Justin S.
Published: January 2025

The impact of plants on runoff under high atmospheric CO2 is a major uncertainty for future water resources. Theory and Earth system models (ESMs) suggest that stricter plant stomatal regulation under high CO2 will reduce transpiration, potentially boosting runoff. Yet, across a 12-member ensemble of idealized ESM simulations that isolate plant responses to CO2, we show that lower transpiration robustly enhances runoff over only 5% of modelled global land area. Precipitation changes are five times more important than transpiration changes in driving runoff responses and are a significant signal of CO2 physiological forcing over 31–57% of land areas across models. Crucially, ESMs largely disagree on where physiologically forced precipitation changes occur but agree that plant responses in most locations are as likely to reduce runoff as increase it. These results imply that large model uncertainties in precipitation responses, rather than transpiration responses, explain why ESMs disagree on plant physiologically driven runoff changes.
The impact of the Bangkok metro expansion via Big Taxi GPS probe data
Authors: Ayaragarnchanakul Eva , Klauber Hannah , Nachtigall Florian , Wagner Felix , Hu Jia-wei , Creutzig Felix
Published: January 2025

Urban rail investments in megacities aim to reduce congestion and related externalities. This study investigates the impact of Bangkok’s metro expansion on taxi trips using GPS-based data from 2017 to 2019. A rigorous approach to processing and analyzing the extensive traffic data in a difference-in-differences estimation framework shows that the metro expansion decreases taxi trips by approximately 32.2%, compared to areas not served by the metro system. This effect persists for catchment sizes of 300, 500, and 800 meters and increases over time. Bangkok’s 19 new metro stations result in an annual climate benefit of approximately 0.17–0.34 MtCO2-eq yearly or 0.21–0.42% of Thailand’s transport sector emissions. Excluding private vehicle trips from the analysis, this is a conservative estimate of total climate savings. Multi-decadal CO2 emission savings are valued at around $1 billion, supporting the need for climate funding for transit systems in rapidly growing cities in developing countries.
Glycosylation profiling of monkeypox virus structural proteins with poly Ser-Arg materials
Authors: Du Guangzhu , Chen Cheng , Cui Yun , Huang Beibei , Zheng Yi , Yan Jingyu , Shang Danyi , Dong Xuefang , Jin Meihua , Li Xiuling
Published: January 2025

Glycosylation profiling of MPXV structural proteins with poly SR.
Near-infrared fluorescent probes based on naphthyridine derivatives for mitochondrial nucleic acid imaging
Authors: Ma Huan , Ni Wen-Pei , Lin Qi , Sun Ru , Ge Jian-Feng
Published: January 2025

Fluorescent probes based on naphthyridinium salt derivatives exhibit OFF–ON fluorescence response to DNA/RNA.
Comparison between electrochemiluminescence of luminol and electrocatalysis by Prussian blue for the detection of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Rahmawati Isnaini , Fiorani Andrea , Irkham  , Wahyuni Wulan Tri , Wahyuono Ruri Agung , Einaga Yasuaki , Ivandini Tribidasari A.
Published: January 2025

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of luminol and electrocatalysis by Prussian blue were compared for the selective detection of H2O2 at the boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes.
Functional flexible adsorbents and their potential utility
Authors: Koupepidou Kyriaki , Subanbekova Aizhamal , Zaworotko Michael J.
Published: January 2025

Flexible porous materials that exhibit extreme guest-induced phase transformations are under valued in terms of their potential utility. As detailed herein, recent advances in understanding and properties of such adsorbents should change this view.
A rapid colorimetric paper-based sensor strip for point-of-care monitoring of the blood plasma coagulation
Authors: Rafatmah Elmira , Hemmateenejad Bahram
Published: January 2025

A paper-based colorimetric sensor for rapid measurment of blood prothrombin time.
Degrading the key component of the inflammasome: development of an NLRP3 PROTAC
Authors: Keuler Tim , Ferber Dominic , Engelhardt Jonas , Steinebach Christian , Kirsch Nico , Marleaux Michael , Weindl Günther , Geyer Matthias , Gütschow Michael
Published: January 2025

The bifunctional compound V2 induced a VHL-dependent NLRP3 degradation. The postulated ternary complex formation involves the molecular interaction of V2 (cyan) to the binding sites of VHL (magenta) and NLRP3 (orange).
Crown ether functionalization boosts CO2 electroreduction to ethylene on copper-based MOFs
Authors: Zheng Xuan , Yang Siheng , Chen Dingwen , Kong Yuxuan , Cui Tianhua , Zheng Xueli , Fu Haiyan , Xue Weichao , Li Shuang , Cheng Chong , Chen Hua , Li Ruixiang , Xu Jiaqi
Published: January 2025

Incorporating crown ether into Cu-based MOFs tailors the microenvironment at the electrolyte–catalyst interface, enhancing the Faradaic efficiency of the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction to ethylene (C2H4).
Substrate-surface-structure tuned electrical and magnetic properties of PrCoO3/CaCoO2.5 superlattices
Authors: Jia Xiaomin , Chen Yanbin , Nan Ce-Wen , Ma Jing , Chen Chonglin
Published: January 2025

This study systematically investigates the effects of substrate surface structures on the physical properties of perovskite (PV)/brownmillerite (BM) superlattices.
Harnessing non-covalent interactions in modified thiophenes: structural design and applications in materials and biological sciences
Authors: Tanwar Arvin Sain , Meyer Franck
Published: January 2025

This highlight explores the key role of thiophene-based compounds in organic electronics, sensors, medicinal chemistry, solid-state reactions, crystal engineering, and supramolecular helices, using X-ray, DFT, and microscopy techniques.
Higher stability of nanophase Gd2O3–CeO2 upon 400 keV Kr+ ion irradiation over bulk: role of defect annealing across grain boundaries
Authors: Haq Waseem Ul , Grover V. , Shukla Rakesh , Kedia Sanjay Kumar , Singh Aman , Srivastava Sanjeev Kumar , Shukla Shivam , Ghosh Santanu
Published: January 2025

The concept of inert matrix fuel (IMF) has been proposed to utilize the energetic value of Pu and transmute minor actinides in nuclear reactors.
An ultra-high absorptivity solar absorber with excellent thermal radiation efficiency based on a metal–dielectric stacked structure
Authors: Chen Yan , Wang Xiaoyun , Huang Sili , Song Shiyi , Chen Shanjun , Hou Jie , Xiong Yan
Published: January 2025

The ultra-wideband solar absorber proposed by us achieves an ultra-high absorption rate of 98.48% in the range of 280–4000 nm. It is capable of absorbing 98.07% of the sunlight and has a total blackbody radiation absorptivity of 99.05% at 1000 K.
High power output density organic thermoelectric devices for practical applications in waste heat harvesting
Authors: Hao Xin , Wang Jing , Wang Hong
Published: January 2025

The state-of-the-art works on developing organic materials with high electrical conductivity and high power factor to improve the power output density of organic thermoelectric generator are summarized in this review.
Recent progress in gel catalysts: boosting efficiency for sustainable energy applications
Authors: Khandaker Tasmina , Anik Md Al Amin Mia , Nandi Ananya , Islam Tasniqul , Islam Md Mohibul , Hasan Md Kamrul , Dhar Palash Kumar , Latif M. Abdul , Hossain Muhammad Sarwar
Published: January 2025

Achieving carbon neutrality and mitigating global warming necessitate a shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources.
Designing a reusable chiral SPE electrode with Mg nanoparticles on graphene oxide for efficient enantioselective Grignard carboxylation of (1-bromoethyl)benzenes in a deep eutectic solvent
Authors: Zen Amer Alhaj , Alaridhee Zaman Abdalhussein Ibadi , Kamal Jameel Rafid , Mahdi Morug Salih , Salah Mansoor Aseel , Radi Usama Kadem , Idan Ameer Hassan , Bahai Hala , Berdimurodov Elyor , Eliboev Ilyos , Almehizia Abdulrahman A.
Published: January 2025

Researchers have developed a novel electrode for the enantioselective electro-organic Grignard carboxylation of (1-bromoethyl)benzenes 1(a–l) with carbon dioxide (CO2) 3(a).
Exploring the expertise of large language models in materials science and metallurgical engineering
Authors: Bajan Christophe , Lambard Guillaume
Published: January 2025

This study establishes a performance baseline for 15 LLMs on materials science tasks using the MaScQA benchmark, paving the way for AI-driven advancements in materials discovery and analysis.
Commit: Mini article for dynamic reporting of incremental improvements to previous scholarly work
Authors: Aspuru-Guzik Alan , Hein Jason E. , Schrier Joshua
Published: January 2025

Introducing Commit, a new article type at Digital Discovery intended for reporting incremental improvements on work previously published in the journal.
Pd@BTL–Cd core–shell nanoparticles as plasmonic photocatalysts for the reductive amination of furfural in water
Authors: Rohilla Jyoti , Thakur Sahil , Sharma Sahil , Singh Raghubir , Kaur Varinder
Published: January 2025

This work reports the step-wise fabrication of a core–shell plasmonic nanocomposite Pd@BTL–Cd consisting of a BTL–Cd shell and a palladium nanoparticle core for reductive amination of furfural.
Green catalytic process for γ-valerolactone production from levulinic acid and formic acid
Authors: Vega Sánchez Evelyn , Tzompantzi-Morales J. Francisco Javier , Ortiz-Frade Luis , Esparza-Schulz Marcos , Ojeda-López Reyna , Pérez-Hernández Raúl , Gutiérrez-Carrillo Atilano , Huerta Lázaro , Lara Victor H. , Lomas-Romero Leticia , González-Sebastián Lucero
Published: January 2025

Development of a highly selective process for the production of γ-valerolactone from levulinic acid using formic acid, facilitated by a recyclable bifunctional ruthenium catalyst with acid-base properties.
Tunable photoluminescence and energy transfer in Dy3+ and Eu3+ co-doped NaCaGd(WO4)3 phosphors for pc-WLED applications
Authors: Ekim Utku , Kachou Ikhlas , Kallel Tarak , Dammak Mohamed , Çelikbilek Ersundu Miray , Ersundu Ali Erçin
Published: January 2025

Dy3+ and Eu3+ co-doped NaCaGd(WO4)3 phosphors exhibit tunable photoluminescence and robust thermal stability for advanced pc-WLED applications.
Semi-transparent photovoltaics
Authors: Xu Chunyu , Chen Yifan , Zhao Zijin , Yang Bowen , Suo Jiajia , Ba Kun , Tarasov Alexey , Wu Yulun , Lian Xinxin , Luo Ming , Zhan Yiqiang , Chen Yifeng , Gao Jifan , Mo Xiaoliang , Choy Wallace C. H. , Wang Jianlu , Zhang Hong , Chu Junhao
Published: January 2025

Semi-transparent photovoltaics (STPVs) have attracted increasing attention owing to their ability to seamlessly integrate power generation with light transmission.
Correlation between the stability and toxicity of PFAS-nanoplastic colloids
Authors: Bere Katalin Viktória , Csenki-Bakos Zsolt , Kaszab Edit , Urbányi Béla , Szabó István , Szilágyi István
Published: January 2025

The interaction between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and nanoplastics (NPLs) in the environment is a growing concern due to their possible combined toxicity and potential impacts on ecosystems and...
Lactobacillus extracellular vesicles alleviate alcohol-induced liver injury in mice by regulating gut microbiota and activating the Nrf-2 signaling pathway
Authors: Jiao Qianqian , Liu Jin , Zhou Lei , McClements David Julian , Liu Wei , Luo Jun , Peng Shengfeng
Published: January 2025

Lactobacillus derived extracellular vesicles (LAB-EVs) are nanosized particles secreted from Lactobacillus during fermentation, and therefore exist universally in fermented foods such as yogurt, pickles, and fermented beverages.
Microwave-assisted ethanol dehydration to ethylene over biochar-based catalyst at low temperature
Authors: Yang Li , Liu Bonan , Zhao Yingying , Zhang Zijian , Wu Hanyu , He Minyi , Tang Chao , Zhao Jun , Fan Yu , Ma Wangjing
Published: January 2025

Selective conversion of ethanol to high yields of ethylene under mild conditions.
Microfluidic paper-based analytical soft actuators (μPAC)
Authors: Yoshida Koki , Tanakinoue Masahiro , Onoe Hiroaki , Hashimoto Michinao
Published: January 2025

A soft actuator has finally met with a paper-based microfluidic device. Called the microfluidic paper-based analytical soft actuator (μPAC), μPAC serves as a unique actuating platform for chemical sensing.
N-Glycidyl d-tryptophan ether-based ointment with anti-infective, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties
Authors: Mahata Denial , Jana Malabendu , Mondal Suresh K. , Manna Sounik , Jana Arundhuti , Chakraborty Anirban , Ghosh Ananta K. , Chakraborty Ranadhir , Hazra Tapas K. , Mandal Santi M.
Published: January 2025

N-Glycidyl d-tryptophan ether derivative may be suitable for use as ointment base to reduce the inflammation, ROS, DNA damage and bacterial load over wounds.
Surfactant-based interface capture towards the development of 2D-printed photonic structures
Authors: Tiwari Appurva , Lee Seong Jae , Thokchom Ashish Kumar
Published: January 2025

This study focuses on fabricating photonic crystals (PCs) by surfactant-based particle capture at the gas–liquid interface of evaporating sessile droplets.
Surface engineering of 3D-printed polylactic acid scaffolds with polydopamine and 4-methoxycinnamic acid–chitosan nanoparticles for bone regeneration
Authors: Shanmugavadivu Abinaya , Selvamurugan Nagarajan
Published: January 2025

The 3D-printed biocomposite scaffolds loaded with 4-methoxycinnamic acid demonstrated enhanced bioactivity, biocompatibility, and osteogenic potential, highlighting their suitability for bone tissue regeneration.
Customized peptide-encoded antibacterial silver–gold nanoclusters
Authors: Yang Mengmeng , Ma Jinliang , Si Xiaoyu , Gao Hua , Zhang Bin , Sun Jianrui , Zhang Jie , Niu Mingfu
Published: January 2025

Silver–gold nanoclusters stabilized by customized peptides possess high antibacterial performance, low toxicity, and a wide antibacterial spectrum.
Enhanced mercury removal from wastewater using thiol-functionalized UiO-66-NH2 MOF: experimental and theoretical insights
Authors: Abdulazeez Ismail , Asmaly Hamza A. , Al-Hamouz Othman Charles S. , Baig Nadeem , AlAqad Khaled M. , Raji Mukhtar A. , Ahmed Khaled H.
Published: January 2025

Disposal of mercury ions and Hg(ii) in industrial wastewater poses serious risks to humans and aquatic organisms owing to their bio-accumulative nature.
Hierarchical porous carbon from PVC plastic wastes with efficient catalytic performance for acetylene hydrochlorination
Authors: Yang Hailong , Wang Lu , Yan Haijun , Li Fuyong , Yang Chao , Wang Jide , Sun Hui , Li Xiaofei , Wu Ronglan , Liang Changhai
Published: January 2025

A PVC plastic waste-derived carbon material was transformed into a Pd-based catalyst support for acetylene hydrochlorination reaction.
Design and synthesis of 2D coordination polymers from isophthalic and adipic acids: exploring Tb-based luminescent sensors for Cr3+, Fe3+ and p-NA
Authors: Sen Charanjeet , Singh Rohit , Devi Swaita , Niharika  , Singhaal Richa , Sahoo Subash Chandra , Sheikh Haq Nawaz
Published: January 2025

Design and synthesis of nine isoreticular coordination polymers by incorporating lanthanide ions (Ln) through a dual ligand strategy using isophthalic acid (H2Ita) and adipic acid (H2Adip) with the general formula [Ln(Ita)(Adip)0.5(H2O)2]n.
Nanoparticle-protein corona enhances accuracy of Ca-19.9-based pancreatic cancer classification
Authors: Digiacomo Luca , Caputo Damiano , Cammarata Roberto , La Vaccara Vincenzo , Coppola Roberto , Quagliarini Erica , Iacobini Manuela , Renzi Serena , Giulimondi Francesca , Pozzi Daniela , Caracciolo Giulio , Amenitsch Heinz
Published: January 2025

The integration of nanotechnology with traditional biomarker analysis offers a novel and promising pathway to enhance the accuracy and early detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Machine learning models for easily obtainable descriptors of the electrocatalytic properties of Ag–Pd–Ir nanoalloys toward the formate oxidation reaction
Authors: Liu Xiaoqing , Chen Fuyi , Zhang Wanxuan , Ma Fanzhe , Xu Peng
Published: January 2025

By training the overpotential dataset of Ag–Pd–Ir nanocatalysts using machine learning models, the untrained formate oxidation reaction catalyst dataset is predicted using K-nearest neighbors model, screening the best candidate catalysts.
Hot carrier dynamics in the BA2PbBr4/MoS2 heterostructure
Authors: Parveen Sumaiya , Pal Pratap Kumar , Mukhopadhyay Suchetana , Majumder Sudipta , Bisoi Swapneswar , Rahman Atikur , Barman Anjan
Published: January 2025

The hot phonon bottleneck in BA2PbBr4 perovskite and MoS2 heterostructure extends electron relaxation, offering insights into interfacial coupling and dynamics for efficient optoelectronics.
Efficient construction of core/double-shelled structured AP@nano-graphite@F2603 energetic microcapsules with low sensitivity and hygroscopicity
Authors: Yu Jiahao , Kou Yong , Xiao Lei , Lu Qiangqiang , Xu Xuran , Yang Junqing , Jiang Wei , Hao Gazi
Published: January 2025

In this work, AP-based energetic microcapsules with low sensitivity and hygroscopicity were prepared using a two-step continuous coating method, which demonstrated significant potential for applications in the field of propellants.
Ab initio investigation of layered TMGeTe3 alloys for phase-change applications
Authors: Jiang Yihui , Sun Suyang , Zhang Hanyi , Wang Xiaozhe , Lei Yibo , Mazzarello Riccardo , Zhang Wei
Published: January 2025

We substituted Cr in CrGeTe3 with other 3d transition metals and identified two promising candidates, ScGeTe3 and ZnGeTe3, with electronic contrast between amorphous and crystalline states as PCM and MnGeTe3 for magnetic switching.
Surface-engineered core–shell upconversion nanoparticles for effective hypericin delivery and multimodal imaging
Authors: Vasylyshyn Taras , Huntošová Veronika , Patsula Vitalii , Olejárová Sona , Slabý Cyril , Jurašeková Zuzana , Bánó Gregor , Kubacková Jana , Šlouf Miroslav , Shapoval Oleksandr , Horák Daniel
Published: January 2025

Poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide-co-2-aminoethylacrylate)-alendronate-coated core–shell upconversion nanoparticles have considerable potential for effective delivery of hypericin to tumors. The particles enabled multimodal detection of cancer cells.
Synthesis of benzouracils and carbamates from chloroacetamides through carbon–carbon bond cleavage
Authors: Al-Shidhani Sulaiman , Takallou Ahmad , Lotfi Nosood Yazdanbakhsh , Al-Siyabi Munir , Christensen Jørn Bolstad , Shalmani Parisa Pakari , Almaani Alhajaj , Rostami Ali , Al-Harrasi Ahmed
Published: January 2025

This work presents a mild approach for direct C–C bond cleavage of amides, yielding benzouracil and carbamate structures.
Direct synthesis of polyethylene containing two kinds of heteroatoms by scandium complexes
Authors: Tian Hui , Wang Yifan , Wu Chunji , Kang Xiaohui , Wang Baoli
Published: January 2025

Direct synthesis of bis-heteroatoms-containing polyolefins.
Pt single atom and atomic cluster-enhanced TiO2 Janus micromotors for efficient bubble propulsion and photocatalytic environmental remediation
Authors: Lv Chang , Wang Tao , Fang Yeting , Ying Yulong , Ji Lvlv , Liu Lei , Wang Sheng
Published: January 2025

A novel PtSA&C-TiO2 Janus micromotors incorporates Pt single-atom and cluster active sites to enhance bubble propulsion. These micromotors achieve high speeds of 113 ± 47 μm/s by decomposing H2O2 and exhibit superior pollutant degradation efficiency.