bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BONE MINERAL DENSITY AND BODY MASS INDEX IN ASSOCIATION WITH AGE AND GENDER IN PATIENTS REFERRED FOR DUAL-ENERGY X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY
Authors: Rehman Khan Mahnoor , Samad Mehreen , Iqbal Raheel , Rehman Khan Mahrukh , Wahid Ghazala , Rehana Kanwal
Published: February 2025

Objective: The objective of our study is to investigate the association between Body mass Index and Bone Mineral Density in association with age and gender.
Methods: A cross sectional observational study was conducted from January 2020 to 2022 at Radiology Department of Hayatabad Medical Complex on individuals referred for DEXA scan. Association was assessed between Bone Mineral Density and Body mass Index in both male, pre and post-menopausal female.
Results: Out of 270 individuals 28.1% were male and 71.9% were female. Mean age was 51+/- 17.05 SD. 39.4% of male had BMI in range of overweight and obese, as opposed to female (86.5%). Increased BMI and decreased BMD was observed in age range of 41-70 years (p <0.05). 26% of post-menopausal female showed osteoporosis as compared to pre-menopausal (20%) (p <0.05).
Conclusion:  There is increased risk of osteoporosis with increasing age. Post-menopausal female with increased BMI had decreased BMD.
PREVALENCE OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY AMONG PATIENTS WITH NEWLY DIAGNOSED CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Authors: Muhammad Ikram , Khursheed Muhammad , Muhammad Shad , Muhammad Noor , Ghulam Salma , Rehman Zia ur
Published: February 2025

Objective: To determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among patient with newly diagnosed chronic kidney disease
Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study with consecutive sampling carried out at the division of nephrology lady Reading Hospital Peshawar from July 2019 to December 2019. We measured vitamin D levels in 152 patients with newly diagnosed chronic kidney disease.
Results: A total of 152 patients were included in this study. Out of these 85(56%) were male while 67(44%) were female. Mean age was 34 + 12.86 yrs. Duration of CKD was <1y in 109(72%) of patients while 43(28%) had a duration of CKD > 1yr with a mean duration of 1 + 8.42ys and mean weight of 75 + 12.33kgs. Vitamin D deficiency was present in 80% of the patients with newly diagnosed CKD.
Conclusions: Our study shows that the incidence of vitamin D deficiency was 80%among patients with newly diagnosed chronic kidney disease.
FREQUENCY OF RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE INJURY AFTER SURGERY FOR PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS
Authors: Khan Kiramat ullah , Iqbal Muhammad , Khan Junaid Ahmad , Junaid Muhammad , Shah Shahid Ali , Wazir Ibrar Mohibullah
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury after surgery for patentductus arteriosus.METHODOLOGY: This Descriptive study was conducted in the Cardiovascular Department, of a tertiarycare hospital in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa over a period of six months.Infants with patent ductus arteriosus and failed medical treatment were selected from outpatient settingand admitted in surgical ward of the hospital for further workup. After written informed consent, all theinfants were put on next OT list for surgical closure of PDA which were performed by single experiencecardiothoracic surgeon using standard left posterolateral thoracotomy approach. At the time of exudationanesthetist looked for any Vocal cord paralysis.Post operatively all infants were kept in ward for the next one day and symptoms on the basis of motherof the child complaining of stridor (on history and physical examination),coughing and choking whilefeeding and hoarseness of voice were assessed 24 hrs after the surgery.RESULTS: The frequencies and percentages for of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury were 12 (11.42%)after PDA surgery.CONCLUSIONS: This study documented recurrent laryngeal nerve injury after patent ductus arteriosusligations. The percentage suggests that a higher proficiency in patent ductus arteriosus ligations needs tobe ensured in pediatric surgery training programs.KEYWORDS: Laryngeal Nerve Injury, Patent ductus arteriosus, Congenital Heart Diseases (CHD)
CORRELATION OF ADIPONECTIN WITH SERUM INSULIN IN DIABETICS WITH AND WITHOUT CORONARY HEART DISEASE
Authors: Durrani Sadaf , Khattak Naheed , Khattak Mehnaz , Ali Sobia , Rahman Ubaid Ur , Khan Mudassir Ahmad
Published: February 2025

Background: Coronary heart disease is a common complication of diabetes mellitus.Hyperinsulinemia associated with diabetes contributes to risk of coronary heart disease. Adiponectinis known to have anti-inflammatory and insulin sensitizing actions and may have a cardioprotectiverole.Objective: To evaluate association of serum adiponectin with insulin in diabetic patients with andwithout coronary heart disease in province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.Methods: This was a descriptive/ analytical study and consisted of three groups. Group A contained100 diabetic patients, group B contained 100 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease and groupC contained 100 normal controls. The study subjects were randomly selected from HayatabadMedical Complex, Khyber Teaching Hospital and Lady Reading Hospital, the three tertiary carehospitals of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Levels of adiponectin, insulin, fasting blood glucose, glycatedhemoglobin were estimated. Variables were compared using independent student’s t test andcorrelation between adiponectin with variables was established with Pearson’s correlation coefficient.Results: Adiponectin was significantly decreased and insulin was increased (P= 0.0001) in diabeticswith and without coronary heart disease. Adiponectin and insulin did not differ significantly betweendiabetics with and without coronary heart disease. FBG (190.5±92.7, 185.5±80.05 vs. 88.1±21.3) andHbA1c (8.8±1.1, 8.6±0.5 vs. 7.03±3.4, P< 0.05) were significantly higher in diabetics with and withoutcoronary heart.Adiponectin showed significant negative correlation with FBG (r -0.582), HbA1c (r -0.794) and insulin(r -0.844).Conclusion: We found reduced adiponectin levels correlating negatively with insulin in diabetic caseswith and without coronary heart disease.
REDUCING THE RISK OF VENOUS CONGESTION IN REVERSE SURAL ARTERY FLAP BY POSTOPERATIVE COMPRESSION BANDAGE TECHNIQUE
Authors: Fahimullah  , Ahmad Shahzad , Ali Qazi Amjad , Orakzai Nayyab
Published: February 2025

Objective: To determine the role of postoperative compression dressing in reducing venouscongestion in reverse sural artery flap.Methods: This study was carried out at the Burns and Plastic Surgery Unit at Hayatabad MedicalComplex, Peshawar. Study design was quasi experimental and duration of study was two years fromDecember 2019 to December 2021. The sample size was 32. Patients of both genders of age 15-50years were included. Patients in whom reverse sural flap was done were observed for two weeks forvenous congestion. The collected data was organised and analysed.Results: There were a total of 32 cases where the compression bandage technique was used. Meanage of the patients was 32.5 years. All of the patients presented with wounds around the ankle anddorsum of foot. Compression dressings were removed on the first follow-up visit to assess the flap.There was no flap loss. There was no distal flap necrosis in any of the flap. No venous congestionwas observed in any of the flap.Conclusion: Postoperative compression dressing technique was
A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY OF SUBTYPES OF ISCHEMIC STROKE AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL; PESHAWAR, KHYBER PUKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
Authors: Muhammad Fozan Khan  , Wajeeha Qayyum  , Muhammad Shahid Iqbal  , Sohail Khan  , Nabi Danish , Sohail Nabi
Published: February 2025

Objective: To establish the frequency of subtypes of ischemic stroke according to Bamford classification and to determine the associated risk factors.
Material & Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Stroke Unit of Rehman Medical Institute (RMI) Peshawar from January 2019 to June 2019. All patients admitted in the Stroke unit with acute ischemic stroke were included after taking informed consent. Their stroke subtype and factors associated with stroke were noted. For age, mean±SD were calculated and for gender, stroke territory, HTN, DM, AF, IHD, and dyslipidemia, frequencies and percentages were calculated. Data was collected on a pre-designed pro forma and analyzed using SPSS version 22.
Results: Ninety-three patients were included. 55.9% (n=52) were males. Mean age was 63.77±12.5 years. Majority patients 45.2%, n=42 had Partial Anterior Circulation Stroke (PACS) followed by Total Anterior Circulation Stroke (TACS) that was seen in 25.8%, n=24 patients. Posterior Circulation Stroke (POCS), Multi territory and Lacunar Stroke (LACS) were observed in 15.1 %( n=14), 10.8% (n=10) and 3.2% (n=3) patients respectively. Hypertension (HTN) was the most common associated risk factor that was seen in 79.6% patients followed by Diabetes mellitus (DM) that was present in 49.5% (n=46) and structural heart disease was the third most common risk factor affecting 36.6%(n=34) of our study population. About 29% (n=27) had Ischemic heart disease (IHD) and 23.7% had dyslipidemia. Atrial fibrillation (AF) was observed in 18.7% (n=17), while 8.6% (n=8) of our study populations were tobacco smoker.
CLINICAL AUDIT OF PATIENTS WITH TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY ADMITTED TO NEUROSURGERY UNIT LADY READING HOSPITAL, PESHAWAR
Authors: Ullah Sajjad , Shafi Mahnoor , Alam Mansoor , Khan Muhammad Idris , Hussain Ramzan , Munir Adnan
Published: February 2025

Objectives: The aim of this study is to present data from Lady Reading Hospital (LRH) and describe the most common causes of traumatic brain injury (TBI), presenting symptoms along with severity, methods of management and finally clinical outcomes.
Methods: This observational study was conducted in the Department of Neurosurgery at LRH, Peshawar, Pakistan from 01/08/21 to 31/07/22. After receiving approval from the Institutional Review Board of LRH, information was obtained from the Medical Record Department and data collection was initiated. The following variables were taken into consideration and recorded using a Performa: patient information, type of brain injury, GCS, severity of injury, intervention and clinical outcome. Data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel and expressed using tables.
Results: A total of 1512 patients were included in this study of which 985 (65.14%) were male. Patients’ age ranged between 1-80 years. 1028 (68%) patients were from major cities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) and experienced moderate head injury (982, 65%). Surgery was performed on 604 (40%) patients of which 312 (51.65) cases were depressed skull fractures whereas 908 (60%) cases were managed conservatively. The most common finding on imaging was subarachnoid hemorrhage and the leading cause of TBI was road traffic accidents.
Conclusion: TBIs are more common in young adults and middle-aged individuals of which the leading cause was road traffic accidents. Subarachnoid hemorrhage was the most common finding on imaging with depressed skull fractures being a common finding subsequently managed surgically
JOUBERT SYNDROME IN A CHILD WITH CLASSICAL RADIOLOGICAL SIGNS
Authors: Ihtesham Rabeea , Shahab Aymen , Safdar Anam
Published: February 2025

Joubert syndrome (JS) is an uncommon genetically heterogeneous autosomal recessive developmental disease which manifests as hypotonia, delay in gross motor developmental milestones, hypoplastic vermis of cerebellum and malformation of brainstem, episodic tachypnea or apnea, atypical eye movements, truncal ataxia and cognitive or intellectual impairment. MRI being the gold standard revealed the classic Molar Tooth Sign and Bat wing appearance of fourth ventricle. So high suspicion with early detection and genetic counselling play a vital role in this syndrome.
RENAL ACCESS, TRACT DILATATION AND OPERATIVE TIME ARE SHORTER IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING MINI PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROLITHOTOMY (MINI PCNL) UNDER ULTRASOUND GUIDANCE
Authors: Ullah Hazrat , Khan Nasir , Rafi Ahsan
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Traditionally, fluoroscopy is used to successfully perform various steps of PCNL. Ultrasound has emerged as new imaging modality to overcome the problem of radiation exposure associated with fluoroscopy.
Objective:  To compare the outcomes of mini PCNL using ultrasound and fluoroscopy for renal access and dilatation.
Results: This non radomised study  involved 160 patients from 1st Jan, 2019 to 30th Aug, 2022. Half cases (80) were performed under ultrasound (UG- mini PCNL) and  half cases (80) under fluoroscopy guidance (FG- mini PCNL). Preoperative parameters were same in both groups. The UG- mini PCNL group had higher success rate of first puncture (73.7% vs 53.7%, P = 0.01). The mean renal access time was shorter (3.2 ± 1.1 min vs 4.1 ± 1.0 min, P = < 0.005) in UG- mini PCNL group. Similarly, the tract dilatation time was shorter in UG- mini PCNL group (7.0 ± 1.2 min vs 8.0 ± 1.4 min, P = < 0.005). The operative time was shorter in UG-mini PCNL group (73.9 ± 7.3 min vs 85.8 ± 5.2 min, P = < 0.005). The mean drop in hemoglobin was lesser in UG- mini PCNL group (1.26 ± 0.4 vs 1.42 ± 0.4, P = 0.02). The stone clearance, hospital stay, complications and ancillary procedures were the same in both groups.
Conclusion: The duration of renal tract puncture, dilatation and operative time can be shortened by using ultrasound with effective stone clearance and without higher complication or bleeding rates for renal stones ? 20 mm.
ELEVATED ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE AS A SEVERITY INDICATOR IN DENGUE FEVER
Authors: Afridi Nazir Shah , Mian Mufarih Shah , Rukh Gul , Khan Imran , Mehmood Nasir
Published: February 2025

Objective: The aim of this cross sectional and comparative study is to find out the frequency of elevated alanine aminotransferase in dengue fever and its association with the severity of illness.
Methodology: This study was performed in the medical unit of Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar from Sep to Nov 2021. Total 243 patients, 147 males and 96 females, were included in this study. Patients were consecutively collected from the wards and medical outpatients department, both who needed admission to the hospital and those who could be managed as outpatient. The age range of the patients was 15 to 69 years. The patients with compatible history and clinical examination were diagnosed on dengue antigen test the dengue NS1. After diagnosis, the patients were subjected to different other investigations like liver enzymes and functions, renal function and peripheral blood smear. Those patients who were with other co morbidities like congestive heart failure, chronic kidney and liver diseases or acute viral hepatitis, were excluded from the study. Persistent vomiting, plasma leak as evident by pleural effusion or ascites and any type of hemorrhage were taken as warning signs for severe dengue.
Results: This study included 243 patients with dengue NS1 positive dengue fever.  Male patients were 147 (60.5%) while females were 96 (39.5%). The age range was 15 to 74 years (mean 38.6 & SD +_18.45). The frequency of elevated alanine aminotransferase of 80U/L or more was found to be 51.44% (n=125) while the frequencies of elevated alanine aminotransferase in different age and gender groups were not significantly different from each other’s values (Table 1).
Elevated alanine aminotransferase was found in 28% of the patients without severity signs, 73.4% of the patients with persistent vomiting, 63.4% of the patients with Plasma leak as evident by pleural effusion or ascites and 62.12% of the patients with hemorrhage (Table 2). Table 3 and figure-1 shows correlation of the elevated ALT with the three mentioned warning signs for severity of dengue fever.
Conclusion: Elevated alanine aminotransferase level is an important indicator for severity of dengue fever. Elevated alanine aminotransferase level of more than 300U/L has strong association with persistent vomiting, plasma leak and hemorrhage.
COMPLICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH RETROMANDIBULAR TRANSPAROTID APPROACH FOR CONDYLAR FRACTURE PLATING AT MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY UNIT HAYATABAD MEDICAL COMPLEX, PESHAWAR; A CLINICAL AUDIT
Authors: Rehman Khattak Yasir , Shah Khadim , Waqas Muhammad , Rehman Summayya , Mushtaq Muhammad
Published: February 2025

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate postoperative complications associated with open reduction and rigid internal fixation (ORIF) with RMA for fractures of the mandibular condyles.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was undretaken at the Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan for the period of January to December, 2021, of patients with condylar fractures requiring ORIF via RMA. The inclusion criteria were patients with mandibular condylar fractures, underwent ORIF with RMA and minimum postoperative follow up of six months. The predictive variables included age, gender, address, etiology, fracture side and location, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) Pain on visual analog scale (VAS), malocclusion and facial asymmetry.
Results: Of the total 68 medical records retrieved, only 27 cases met the inclusion criteria. The male to female ratio of the patients was 1.25: 1. The causes of the trauma were road accident (48%), accidental falls (30%) and active physical violence (22%). Isolated condylar fractures were noted in 15% (4 patients) cases, while 85% (23 patients) presented with other mandibular fractures. The postoperative complications assessed were facial nerve weakness, salivary (parotid) fistula, Frey’s syndrome, scar formation and restriction of lateral movements of the jaw. Overall, the postoperative complications were temporary and resolved with time. The improvement in postoperative mandibular movements were statistically significant (p < 0.05), as compared to preoperative status.
Conclusions: The RMA provides the ease of access to the condylar fracture site, sufficiently clear exposure and ease of fixation, while the associated postoperative complications resolve with time.
OUTCOME OF SUPRACHOROIDAL TRIAMCINOLONE INJECTION IN THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC MACULAR EDEMA SECONDARY TO RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSIONS
Authors: Khan Muhammad Tariq , Ahmad Imran , Khalid Ahmed Usman
Published: February 2025

Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of supra-choroidal Triamcinolone injection in chronic and refractory Macular Edema secondary to Retinal Vein Occlusions
Design and methods:  Non-randomized clinical trail
Subjects: Eleven patients (twelve eyes) with RVO
Methods: A prospective study designed as 8-weeks, single-centered, non-randomized. A total of 12 eyes of 11 patients included.Triamcinolone Acetonide 4mg in 0.1 ml was injected into the supra-choroidal space and follow-up obtained for 8 weeks. Injection was performed with a 30-guage needled syringe having a piece of 23-guage IV cannula part sleeved on the needle. The 0.1 ml of Triamcinolone was injected directly into the suprachoroidal space. Details of all patients on a proforma (including BCVA, IOP, CMT on OCT and any adverse effect) were recorded as Pre-injection (baseline), 2-weeks and 8-weeks post-injection.  
Results: Out of 11 patients, 4 were male and 7 were females. One female patient had bilateral Branch Retinal Vein Occlusions (BRVOs). Out of other 10 patients, 6 were BRVOs and 4 were CRVOs. All the patients enrolled had chronic Macular edema of at least one year duration. Best Corrected Visual Acuity, OCT macula and IOP were recorded before injection, 2-weeks and 8-weeks post injection. Mean baseline (pre-injection) CMT was 578 microns (SD +/- 126 µ). aLL eyes were thoroughly examined for any side effect or complication.
Conclusion:  A single suprachoroidal injection of Triamcinolone Acetonide is fairly safe and effective in significant percentage of cases of chronic and refractory Macular Edema secondary to Retinal Vein Occlusions (both central and branch).
INTERMITTENT FASTING IN NALFD: LIGHTENING AT THE END OF TUNNEL
Authors: Khan Jibran Umar Ayub , Zahir Shah Azhar , Qaisar Ayesha , Abdul Wahab
Published: February 2025

Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease has been the cornerstone of hepatology diseases for the last so many years. 1It’s an incidental finding on routine scans done for different symptoms such as epigastric pain, jaundice,deranged liver function tests, constipation and even weight loss.2The consequence of NALFD and NASH to full blown cirrhosis and even hepatocellular cancer has shaken experts across the world to a colossal extent and they are puzzled about what should be the best course of action for it as  it seems a benign disease with mere fat infiltration in the liver. 3Obesity has been found as the major culprit for it beside others such as diabetes and hypertriglycermia being components of metabolic syndrome which has own share of complications. 4 
There are a large no of treatments which have been under trial for NAFLD.One of the drugs which has been used traditionally as anti diabetic drug for decades and still as first line drug in hyperglyceremia. 5Its utility  for inducing weight loss in obese people has been quite known but it has got own side effects including bothersome gastrointestinal side effects and even life threatening lactic acidosis with renal impairment .The other class of drugs called statins for lowering increased cholesterol levels but can lead to deranged liver function tests and myopathies.
One of the effective modalities that is research proven and has revolutionised the management of  Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is intermittent fasting with excellent effect on liver function beside hugely beneficial for body mass index (BMI).6 Obesity that has been linked to insulin resistance that is cardinal in leading to metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes .The combination of intermittent fasting and exercise have dramatically transformed the prospect of NALFD patients  with studies reporting it to be more effective than aerobic exercise alone and vice versa .6
CONGENITAL INSENSITIVITY TO PAIN WITHOUT ANHIDROSIS
Authors: Khan Arshad , Khan Abdullah , Shoaib Farwa , Mujtaba Muhammad Mujtaba
Published: February 2025

Congenital Insensitivity to Pain (CIP) is a condition present from birth that inhibits the ability to perceive physical pain. Affected individuals are unable to feel pain in any part of their body.
Although they feel discriminative touch, patients are unable to perceive what any person with a normal functioning sensory and autonomic nervous system would describe as painful. They are also unable to distinguish between extremes of both hot and cold temperatures. Congenital insensitivity to pain is considered a form of peripheral neuropathy because it affects the peripheral nervous system, which connects the brain and spinal cord to muscles and to cells that detect sensations such as touch, smell, and pain. We report a case of a Congenital Insensitivity to Pain in a 6-year-old boy.
American Dramaturgies for the 21st Century
Authors: Vatain-Corfdir Julie
Published: February 2025

If all the world is a stage (as the title of this series supposes), the stage of the 21st century must be a site of remarkable anxiety—at once global and splintered, intensely up-front and relentlessly mediatized, ever fragmenting the collective and seeking to build it anew. How can theater, an art of intimate presence, rethink its aesthetics and reassert its mission on such a stage? More specifically, how have American dramaturgies chosen to engage with our new millennium? Relying on a broad understanding of “dramaturgy” as a dynamic process, this book explores some of the inspiring trends and arresting innovations of contemporary theater in the US, investigating both playwriting and performance-making in order to delineate formal experiments, the imprint of socio- political themes, and new configurations in spectatorship.
The chapters of the present volume delve into various aspects of theater-making, from courses in playwriting to controversies in casting or discussions about the democratic function of theater. The wide range of examples studied include development practices at the Eugene O’Neill Theatre Center, the work of experimental companies (Ping Chong + Company, The Industry, New York City Players), and many plays by contemporary authors (Clare Barron, Jackie Sibblies Drury, David Levine, Charles Mee, Dominique Morisseau, Sarah Ruhl, Andrew Schneider, Paula Vogel, Mac Wellman). Conversations with Young Jean Lee and Richard Maxwell add the playwright’s viewpoint to the prismatic perspective of the volume, which is dedicated to performances in the US but written from a decidedly international angle, thus implicitly querying what makes up the American identity of this rich body of work.
Generative AI in the Information Society: Implications for Higher Education and Research
Authors: Levin Ilya , Bukhshtaber Natalia , Minyar-Beloruchev Konstantin
Published: February 2025

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) represents a fundamental shift in AI development, moving from rule-based systems to neural networks capable of creating novel content and solving complex problems through pattern recognition and contextual understanding. This evolution challenges traditional Computer Science (CS) paradigms, as evidenced by innovations in large language models and diffusion-based image generation. This paper investigates how GenAI's emergence affects education and research in computer science and related fields. Through White's cultural model—examining technological, societal, and institutional dimensions—we analyse how GenAI's capabilities diverge from traditional CS approaches in both theory and practice. Our research reveals specific challenges for higher education, including the need to teach contextual reasoning, handle emergent behaviors, and develop adaptive problem-solving skills. We propose educational strategies such as project-based learning with GenAI tools and cross-disciplinary integration. These recommendations aim to establish GenAI as a distinct academic discipline while preparing students and researchers for its increasing role in scientific and professional practices.
Using Natural Language Processing Techniques to Identify Paediatric Drug Interactions
Authors: Morărașu Nadia-Nicoleta , Morărașu Miruna-Maria
Published: February 2025

Drug interactions occur as a result of combining multiple drugs, while administering a drug in the context of pre-existing conditions or together with certain foods or beverages. The detection of drug interactions by physicians and pharmacists is essential to avoiding adverse drug reactions (ADR) among patients that can cause further deterioration of the patients’ health. This task is really time-consuming in Romania given that it requires examining each Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC), which is a specialised drug-related document. In view of providing pharmacists with a technical solution for identifying the interactions between different paediatric drugs more rapidly and more efficiently, the research conducted in this paper by applying NLP techniques resulted in the design of a dedicated web application, named DetIMP (“Detector of Interactions between Paediatric Drugs”). Through DetIMP usage, the detection of interactions is achieved by a two-step approach: the extraction of medical Named Entities from SmPCs, followed by a binary classification to predict the existence of interactions in a given medical text.
Using Backdoor Attacks to Find Areas of Interest in Images
Authors: Ionita Andreea
Published: February 2025

The power of neural networks increases in popularity more and more everyday. However, as for any powerful and popular tool, the security is hard to gain, here it is also the case. In recent years, backdoor attacks have become more and more popular through malicious parties, being risky for both organisations and people. In this paper we discuss the main methods of prevention against this type of attack. We also provide an experiment, with the help of which we tried to see what part of an image influences its classification. Therefore, using an algorithm for identifying backdoor attacks we made an experiment intended to find the interest zone in X-ray images.
Artificial Intelligence and Sustainable Development: Reducing Food Waste, Building Resilient Organisations, and Enhancing Public Financial Administration
Authors: Ivanov Mădălina-Ioana , Ghercă Ana-Maria , Gafencu Larisa-Nicoleta
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the transformative impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) across three critical areas: food waste reduction, organisational resilience, and public financial administration. By utilising AI technologies like machine learning, predictive analytics, and real-time monitoring, the study highlights how AI can address inefficiencies, enhance systemic resilience, and support global sustainability goals, including the United Nations SDGs. In food waste reduction, AI improves demand forecasting, inventory management, and supply chain optimisation, reducing surplus and spoilage. Examples like bakery demand forecasting and blockchain transparency demonstrate economic and environmental benefits. For organisational resilience, AI enables risk assessment and adaptive strategies, strengthening supply chains and helping organisations transition from reactive to proactive approaches during crises such as COVID-19. In public financial administration, AI streamlines processes, detects fraud, and enhances public trust through innovative platforms and predictive fiscal modelling, as shown in case studies from Finland, Australia, and China. Despite its potential, AI adoption faces challenges, including costs, data integration, ethical concerns, and unequal access. Overcoming these requires robust policies, collaboration, and capacity building. This research emphasises AI’s role as a catalyst for systemic change, advocating for ethical and inclusive adoption to advance sustainability, resilience, and equity in a complex world.
Examination of Attachment of an Individual in Psychiatric Patients with a Diagnosed Neurotic Disorder
Authors: Hubinská Jana , Doktorová Dominika , Masár Michal
Published: February 2025

The object of our research is to determine the connection of negative attachment in connection with an individual's personality. We focus on comparing attachment and personality characteristics in psychiatric patients and the general population. The research sample consists of 84 respondents (N = 84), of which 48 were men and 36 were women, aged 24 to 68 years and the average age of all respondents was 43.42. Within the methods, we chose two questionnaires: The Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R) to measure attachment and The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (EPQ-R) to identify personality traits. We observed a statistically significant difference in the type of attachment between the study sample and the comparison group. We did not observe a statistically significant relationship between the neuroticism scale and the anxious/ambivalent type of attachment in the study sample. There was no positive statistically significant relationship between the neuroticism scale and the avoidant type of attachment in the study sample. We found a positive statistically significant relationship between the extraversion scale and the secure type of attachment in all respondents.
Neuroscientific Perspectives on Emotional Intelligence and Self-Regulation in Individual Sports
Authors: Gakh Roman , Tsykvas Roman , Maliar Eduard , Korniienko Serhii , Khomulenko Borys
Published: February 2025

Sports achievements in contemporary conditions rely not only on physical training but also on integrating innovative psychological training methods. This article aims to analyse the connection between emotional intelligence levels and self-regulation skills in athletes engaged in individual sports. A correlational research design was employed, making it ideal for examining the relationship between emotional intelligence and self-regulation in individual sports. This approach allowed for the analysis of real sports scenarios, using statistical tools to summarise empirical findings, and applying comparison methods to highlight differences. Findings reveal that athletes in individual sports generally exhibit average emotional intelligence, reflecting moderate adaptability to extreme professional situations. The highest levels of emotional intelligence are observed in gymnasts and martial arts practitioners. Athletes in tennis and swimming demonstrate average levels. Those engaged in karate and swimming display superior emotional awareness and empathy. The data also confirm that emotional intelligence is a critical predictor for self-regulation under stress. Key components of emotional intelligence include emotional awareness, stress management, and adaptability. Practical applications for enhancing emotional intelligence involve developing specialized programs, providing individual psychological support, and integrating psycho-emotional training with general athletic programs.

In conclusion, the study underscores the importance of fostering psychologically resilient environments to enable athletes to achieve their goals effectively.
Psychological and Neurological Tests are Required to Reduce the Risk of Injuries in Paragliding
Authors: Szabo Dan Alexandru , Ene-Voiculescu Virgil , Teodorescu Silvia , Larion Alin , Mocanu George Danut , Puni Alexandru Rares , Ilea Iamina-Camelia , Pârvu Carmen
Published: February 2025

The study’s objective is to analyse and comprehend the types, frequency, and causes of paragliding pilot accidents to identify preventative and reducing measures in the future, such as a suitable physical training program designed explicitly for paragliding pilots. This study hypothesized that several factors, including the pilot’s experience level, weather conditions, terrain, equipment quality, attitude toward the sport, and adherence to safety regulations, may be related to the frequency of paragliding accidents. The study’s findings indicated a high accident rate since 66% of respondents had injuries while paragliding, and 67% had an occurrence that may have resulted in a pilot suffering severe injury. The analysis shows the frequent causes of accidents are primary piloting mistakes and poor decision-making as technological faults played a minor role. Equipment used for paragliding seldom malfunctions if it is routinely inspected and tested; the only exception is when it is subjected to abnormally high stresses while in flight. Oversteering of the wing or, on the other hand, inadequate reaction—specifically, inadequate pilot training in flap control and active piloting—were the leading causes of these mistakes. Poor judgments about weather and flying conditions or inadequate familiarity with the area landscape and characteristics caused some of these mistakes. In conclusion, we address the necessity to establish a standard for the ideal paraglider, conceiving  psychological and neurological tests without reducing the access to this adrenaline rush sport, but increasing its safety.
ПОЈАМ ПОГРОМА У ПРАКСИ ЕВРОПСКОГ СУДА ЗА ЉУДСКА ПРАВА
Authors: Novaković Marko
Published: February 2025

У својој пракси, Европски суд за људска права (ЕСЉП) је разматрао низ случајева који укључују насиље према припадницима мањинских
група у различитим контекстима, а у некима је тема било и колективно насиље. Погроми, као најекстремнији облик колективног насиља, представљају
кршење серије основних права прокламованих у Европској конвенцији о људским правима (ЕКЉП) укључујући права на живот (члан 2, ЕКЉП), заштиту
од нечовечног и понижавајућег поступања, као и права на поштовање приватног и породичног живота (члан 8, ЕКЉП), право на слободу и сигурност
(члан 5, ЕКЉП) или забрану колективног протеривања из члана 4, протокола 4
ЕКЉП, да наведемо само неке. У случајевима пред ЕСЉП у којима се појављује
појам погрома, ЕСЉП је нагласио потребу за ефикасним механизмима заштите мањина и обезбеђивања адекватног санкционисања од стране државе када
су починиоци колективног насиља у питању. Ипак, улога ЕСЉП је значајно
лимитирана када су сами погроми у питању, пре свега зато што се погроми у
пракси појављују више као контекст одређеног случаја. Сходно томе, суд не
улази у детаљну анализу појма погрома, иако га дефинише у случају Тараненко
против Русије. Приступ ЕСЉП и степен анализе погрома у случајевима у којима се појављује ће бити анализиран у самом раду кроз релевантне случајеве
попут Молдован и други против Румуније, Заицеску и Фалтицинаену против
Румуније, Шарифи и други против Италије и осталих.
GENOCIDE AND CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY IN THE VISION OF ECTHR
Authors: Stanila Laura Maria
Published: February 2025

Even if the crimes of genocide and crimes against humanity are
to be judged by International Penal Court or other international tribunals, still
the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) has been called to analyze these
types of crimes from a different perspective, that is the perspective of procedural
and other human rights of the accused, especially the right provided for by art.
7 of European Convention of Human Rights - No punishment without law.
The present article aims to analyze the ECtHR caselaw in respect to the clarity,
forseeability and non-retroactive application of the criminal norm.
ПОГРОМ У СВЕТЛУ ЗЛОЧИНА ПРОТИВ ЧОВЕЧНОСТИ У ПРАВУ ДРЖАВА РЕГИОНА
Authors: Jovašević Dragan
Published: February 2025

Као облик испољавања масовног, широко примењиваног насиља према цивилном становништу у смислу његовог физичког уништавања
на различите начине, различитим средствима, за време рата или мира, које је
последњих деценија присутно на многим меридијанима широм света – погром још увек није препознат као самостално кривично дело, како у међународном, тако и у националном кривичном праву. Стога се овакве противправне
делатности појединаца или група, па и читавих држава, данас још увек правно
квалификују као саставни део, елеменат бића неких других, у првом реду, међународних инкриминација. Најчешће се делатности којима се остварује погром
укључују као појавни облик испољавања злочина против човечности. Ово се
међународно кривично дело у више-мање истоветном опису, како у универзалним међународним документима, тако и у националном кривичном законодавству састоји у потпуном или делимичном уништењу, прогону или поробљавању цивилног становништва у оквиру широког или систематског напада. У
раду се анализирају сличности и разлике у законском опису злочина против
човечности у законодавству држава региона југоисточне Европе, односно држава које су настале распадом СФР Југославије.
ОД ПРОГОНА ДО ПОГРОМА КАО ЗЛОЧИНА ПРОТИВ ЧОВЕЧНОСТИ
Authors: Pavlović Zoran
Published: February 2025

У првом делу рада се даје приказ кривичних дела ратних злочина и злочина против човечности према обичајном међународном хуманитарном али и у савременом праву. С обзиром да је реч о радњама извршења
кривичних дела извршених за време рата, поставља се питање разликовања
прогона или принудног пресељења од радње погрома као кажњиве радње. У
другом делу рада приказује се погром над свештеницима и њиховим породицама, који су облици оваквог злочина, са убијањем, затварањима, мучењима,
одузимањем приватне имовине. Поставља се хипотеза могу ли се прогањања
свештеника и чланова њихових породица третирати као злочин погрома, као
кривичног дела које не застарева. Колико је друштво спремно да се суочи са
последицама погрома, пружи подршку жртвама и њиховим породицама, и да
ли се кроз процесе за истину може доћи до правде. С обзиром да се само кроз
правноснажне судске одлуке ствара право, није упитно да се за сваки појединачни случај треба водити кривични поступак, а кривица индивидуализовати. Јавност мора да се суочи са садашњим тренутком, учећи из прошлости,
окренути ка будућности.
Fortalecimiento del sistema de participación ciudadana en la gestión de las políticas públicas
Authors: Jacho Rodríguez Pablo Fernando , Cordero Pincay Luis Fernando , Brambilla Serra Dino Marcello , Romero Narváez Luz María , Zambrano Lauzo Jéssica Grace
Published: February 2025

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo describir la dinámica del sistema de participación ciudadana en la gestión de las políticas públicas. En la metodología, se realizó una revisión sistemática basada en la declaración PRISMA, usando bases electrónicas como SciELO, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO, Redalyc, ProQuest, Dialnet, así como revistas indexadas de los últimos cinco años utilizando la combinación de palabras como: participación ciudadana, políticas públicas, presupuesto participativo. De un total de 50 artículos, y luego de excluir 23 por duplicidad y tras la revisión del resumen quedaron incluidos 10 para su análisis y discusión conservando la ética mediante las referencias y citas. El planteamiento general consiste en cómo mejorar el fortalecimiento de la participación ciudadana en la gestión de las políticas públicas. Sin embargo, la evidencia arroja resultados desiguales, pero aun así la participación ciudadana es una realidad que implica la inversión de recursos y que parece haber llegado para quedarse. La principal conclusión subraya, que la participación ciudadana es clave para la democracia, ya que facilita la intervención en políticas públicas y la supervisión gubernamental. La participación en políticas públicas también fomenta la democracia en territorios donde actores estratégicos suelen ser pasivos ante el clientelismo y el autoritarismo.
Impacto de la inteligencia artificial en el proceso de aprendizaje de estudiantes de educación superior
Authors: Cordero Pincay Luis Fernando , Moriel Alay Elsa Magdalena , Zambrano Lauzo Jéssica Grace , Romero Narváez Luz María , Armijos Rodríguez Yordi Daniel
Published: February 2025

El presente artículo de revisión sistemática tuvo como objetivo describir el nivel de impacto de la inteligencia artificial en el proceso de aprendizaje de los estudiantes de educación superior. Se utilizó el método PRISMA para la recopilación de 70 artículos relevantes en las principales bases de datos académicos, SciELO, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO, ERIC, Redalyc, Google Scholar, revistas indexadas, entre otras, utilizando combinación de palabras clave relacionadas con percepción de estudiantes y docentes, contexto ético, beneficios y desafíos, quedando 13 para su análisis y discusión. Se determinó que existe un grupo significativo de docentes que consideran incorporar la inteligencia artificial en el proceso de aprendizaje debido a las nuevas tendencias del mundo globalizado, sin embargo, el uso irregular de estas herramientas tecnológicas se ve afectado en el plagio y la propiedad intelectual de los autores. poniendo en riesgo la calidad de los trabajos incidiendo desfavorablemente en el proceso de aprendizaje. Se concluye que la inteligencia artificial ha transformado rápidamente sectores de la sociedad y la educación superior, mejorando el proceso de aprendizaje de los estudiantes, presentando desafíos y oportunidades tanto a docentes como a los estudiantes, sin embargo, los docentes reconocen los beneficios de la inteligencia artificial en educación.
Frequency of Recurrent Wheeze in Breastfeeding Children Presenting to Rehman Medical Institute Peshawar
Authors: Munaza Naeem
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Recurrent wheeze in children is a significant health issue, often linked to respiratory infections and environmental exposures. Breastfeeding, known for its immunological benefits, has been associated with reduced respiratory morbidity. However, limited data exist on the protective role of breastfeeding against recurrent wheeze in children in Pakistan. This study focuses on determining the frequency of recurrent wheeze in breastfeeding children and its associated factors. Objectives: To determine the frequency of recurrent wheeze in breastfeeding children aged 1 to 5 years presenting to Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st June 2024 to 30th November 2024 at the Pediatric Department, Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar. A total of 217 children aged 1–5 years with a history of exclusive breastfeeding were enrolled. Data were collected through interviews and analyzed using SPSS version 22. Results: Recurrent wheeze was observed in 16.1% of children. Exclusive breastfeeding significantly reduced the prevalence of recurrent wheeze compared to partial breastfeeding (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Exclusive breastfeeding plays a protective role against recurrent wheeze in young children and should be encouraged to improve respiratory health.
Questions of Travel by Elizabeth Bishop
Authors: Bhardwaj Pallavi
Published: February 2025

Elizabeth Bishop (1911-1979), in an interview with Alexendra Johnson, explains home in the following terms, “I’ve never felt particularly homeless, but, then, I’ve never felt particularly at home. I guess that’s a pretty good description of a poet’s sense of home. He carries it within him… ” This expression of home has a persisting presence in Questions of Travel (1965) – a collection of poetry written in and about her sojourn in Brazil where she oscillates between “home” and “not home,” between a foreigner’s insight and a native’s familiarity.
The Future of the UNESCO Memory of the World Programme – Discussion Paper
Authors:   Chair of Technoscience Studies, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, and Institute Heritage Studies, Internationale Akademie Berlin (INA) gGmbH
Published: February 2025

To mark the 30th anniversary of the Memory of the World Programme in 2022, the Brandenberg University of Technology, in cooperation with the Institute Heritage Studies, convened an international Think Tank of MoW experts to evaluate the achievements and future prospects of the Programme.

They judged that in developing a global structure to facilitate preservation of, access to and awareness of documentary heritage, MoW has been remarkably successful, as evidenced by the development of registers, standards, capacity building, and expert networks. Yet while it remains underfunded, understaffed and still struggling for brand recognition, its success has paradoxically attracted an increasing politicisation. This has overshadowed its expert-led character and made its operation more complex. The meeting considered that MoW’s future depends on dealing with these and several other concerns.

These include realising the potential for documentary heritage to enrich education, multiculturalism, sustainable development and post-conflict reconciliation. Raising awareness of the threat to documentary heritage from political and economic conflicts and population displacement has become more urgent. Dialogue and cooperation with experts in other disciplines and with other UNESCO programmes such as World Heritage and Intangible Cultural Heritage is needed. The Think Tank concluded that, while MoW has amply demonstrated the need for its existence, it has yet to reach its full potential.