bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Ecological Restoration and Reconstruction in Sichuan Earthquake Disaster Area - Taking Mianyang City as an Example
Authors: Zhao Min , Yang Jian , Li Xiu
Published: October 2012

This paper present ecosystem destruction in Mianyang after the "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake and the role of ecological restoration and reconstruction, emphasize on vegetation restoration, soil ecosystem restoration, ecological benefits (structure and function) restoration and some other aspects, to discuss the countermeasure about ecological restoration and reconstruction, which provide references for ecological restoration and reconstruction in disaster areas .
Study on Cultivation and Morphology of Granular Sludge in Improved Methanogenic UASB
Authors: Huang Jian Ping , Liu Li Li , Shao Yu Min , Song Hong Jie , Wu Lian Cheng , Xiao Ling
Published: October 2012

Based on the mesophilic two-phase anaerobic reactor for maize ethanol wastewater treatment, the start-up, cultivation and the morphology of mature granular sludge in improved methanogenic UASB were studied. The reactor was initiated at a low loading rate. By means of increasing volume loading rate gradually and regulating internal circulation, the improved methanogenic UASB was operated under an optimal condition. After more than two months of operation, the size for the 63% of total granular sludge was more than 1.3mm, the biogas production rate and COD removal rate achieved 539L/d and 90%, respectively. Start-up of improved methanogenic UASB was accomplished successfully. Improved UASB, served as methanogenic phase of two phase anaerobic process, can adjust pH value of influent automatically. The manual regulation of pH value during start-up could be stopped when the granular sludge in improved methanogenic UASB went into maturity stage. The microfloras of mature methanogenic granular sludge are mainly brevibacterium and filamentous bacteria. Methanothrix soehngenii is the dominant consortium after the long-term operation under low-strength.
A Brief Discussion on Landmark Building
Authors: Zhang Yong
Published: October 2012

The article, according to analysis of basic attribute of “landmark building” and through giving examples, illustrates some basic features of landmark building and raises some bright viewpoints on the basic principle followed by the design of landmark building.
Environmental Risk Evaluation on Integrated Circuit Industry
Authors: Su Rong Jun
Published: October 2012

In order to evaluate the environmental risk of integrated circuit industry, a new integrated circuit chip project was taken as an example to be investigated and analyzed. Its engineering features, process flow, risk identification, risk source intensity and measures to prevent risks were proposed. Risk identification shows that main poisonous and harmful chemicals(PHC) are corrosives and antioxidants, flammable gases and liquids and poisonous gases. Transportation, production and storage risk of PHC and potential accidental risk caused by external factors were proposed. Risk source analysis indicates that the probability of damaging and leaking accidents on facilities is 10-1 times/year. In the case of cylinders leakage, leakage rates of SiF4, Cl2 and ClF3 will be 17 g/s, 8 g/s and 8 g/s respectively. Evaporation rates of isopropyl alcohol, HF and HCl acids are 0.09 g/s. 0.38 g/s and 55 g/s respectively. Finally, Overall layout and construction safety measures, safety precautions on dangerous chemical storage and transportation, technology design and automatic control design, and emergency plan to prevent risk accident were also proponed. This work will be helpful for environmental impact assessment on similar industries.
Distribution of Heavy Metals in the Distilling Fractions from Sewage Sludge Pyrolysis Oil
Authors: Ji Ai Min , Yang Shu Mei , Gao Ying , Wan Shu Ran , Liu Hong Ya
Published: October 2012

Pyrolysis is one of promising disposal outlets for sewage sludge. The behavior of heavy metal ions is always paid attended to in the solid sludge and char during sludge pyrolysis process. Here, the distribution of metals in the pyrolysis liquid and its distilling products was analyzed. It was found that the high content of Al and Ca do not appear in the pyrolysis oil and only about 10% of total metals come into the liquid during sludge pyrolysis. Through comparing of the metal content of pyrolysis oil and its process products, it is inferred that distillation is a feasible method for desalt from pyrolysis oil. During distillation, most metals are enriched in the residue. The pyrolysis oil and its products must be desalted deeply if they want to use in engine.
The Narrative Express of the Concept of Structure - Pagoda in the Fantian Temple of Shen Kuo as Example
Authors: Shen Yi Wa
Published: October 2012

Through the narrative express of the stories on how to solve structural problems, the concept of structure can be more easily analyzed. In the story Pagoda in the Fantian Temple written by Shen Kuo, a famous scholar in Northern Song Dynasty China, ancient Chinese analyzed the stability of structure by analogy. That kind of analogy often led to uncertainty if without the complementary validity of fact. Shen Kuo laid out an excellent scientific reasoning on the stability of structure in the text narrating.
Analysis on Forestry-Paper Integration of Raw Material Forest Base of Posterior Ecological Impact Assessment
Authors: Zhang Jian Qiang , Xu Wen Lai , Li Kai Jun , Xie Qiang , Luo Wei
Published: October 2012

Forest-paper integration has lots of effect on ecological environment , mainly including biodiversity, soil erosion, soil quality and non-point pollution，the paper takes bamboo raw material forest base of He Jiang and Na Xi in province Si Chuan as a research，analyzes Plant Diversity by quadrat survey procedure，analyzes land use pattern by remote sense technique，and analyzes physical properties of soil，presents study direction on the forestry-paper integration of raw material forest base.
Lead Exposure Assessment for Chinese Children
Authors: Hao Han Zhou , Shen Yu Hui , Zhong Ru Gang , Hu Shui Bang , Liu Cheng Wu , Zhong Xue Bin
Published: October 2012

Lead is unique in that man-made sources contribute almost solely to exposure in the post-industrial era.The adverse health effects caused by low-level exposure to Pb have been reviewed. Such health effects include neurological impairment and deficits in the functioning of the central nervous system. Blood lead level is an important index which can measure how seriously children have been exposed to lead. By consulting the papers on the studies of children’s blood lead levels, the sources and influencing factors of blood lead levels of children in China were reviewed in the present paper, meanwhile, some suggestions were provided to decrease the lead contact probability and improve children’s health.
Cultural Context in Architecture of Marina Bay Sands, Singapore
Authors: Deng De Xiang
Published: October 2012

It is the human intelligent enlightenments, particularly presented by that of Moshe Safdie that has constructed the world’s groundbreaking architectural work--Marina Bay Sands, Singapore. The designer’s appropriate interpretation of cultural context of this architecture has endowed it with vitality and energy, making it the paradigm of soul dwelling and spiritual home of human beings. It ushers a door for modern architectures to be built with rich flavor of spirituality.
Effects of Temperature and Humidity on the Germination of Two Pioneer Species in Ecological Restoration
Authors: Zhang Di , Liu Xi , Chen Fang Qing
Published: October 2012

Seed germination and seedling establishment is a critical stage in the life cycle. Cynodon dactylon and Medicago sativa are two important species using in ecological restoration. Control experiments were employed to test the effects of temperature and humidity on the germination of the two pioneer species. The experiment included three temperature treatment level (15, 20, 25 °C) and four humidity treatment (5, 10, 15, 20 %) with three repeats. Results showed that temperature and humidity had significant effects on the germination of both species seeds. Seed germination of C. dactylon fluctuated with the increasing temperature, but increased with the increasing humidity. The optimal germination temperature and humidity for C. dactylon seeds was 20 °C and 20 % respectively. Seed germination of M. sativa increased with the increasing temperature meanwhile fluctuated with the increasing humidity. The optimal germination temperature and humidity for M. sativa seeds was 25 °C and 10 % respectively. It is critical to provide suitable soil humidity for seed germination in the ecological engineering.
Optimization Research on City Municipal Infrastructure Financing
Authors: Zhang Min Li , Li Jun Jie , Zhou Yong Xin
Published: October 2012

With the Process of urbanization is accelerated unceasingly, more and more people are centralizing to city. This means that the needs of urban infrastructure are increasing. But the traditional mode of financing is hard to meet the demands of construction funds, especially, the non-profit and quasi-profit municipal infrastructure. Analyzing and studying on the financing mode of western developed countries, this paper targeted and optimized the financing structure of city municipal infrastructure construction based on the item division theory, and looked forward to help to solve financing problems of municipal infrastructure construction in China.
“CDIO” in the Environment of “A + T”
Authors: Liu Chao Ying , Duan Ran
Published: October 2012

According to the characteristics of cultivating art-style engineering design talents, such as the major like architecture, this article treat “A+T•CDIO” as feature, explore new engineering teaching model named “fusion about art and technology in the environment of CDIO” for the professional talents in architecture major of engineering colleges, furthermore, build “A+T•CDIO” engineering teaching model for architecture major in the macro, meso and micro aspects.
Performance Management Based on EPC Construction Mode
Authors: Ma Chun Jie , Cao Gong Li
Published: October 2012

Because of its own characteristics and advantages, increasingly, EPC construction mode has been more and more applied in international projects. In this paper, firstly, the author points out the issues of performance management based on EPC Construction Mode and builds the system project performance management, then, the author stresses the mutual collaboration of EPC performance management, which must be emphasized, and improve the performance of EPC construction mode through the management of performance.
The Study of Informatization Organization and Management Mode of Building Enterprises
Authors: Sun Ling Zhi
Published: October 2012

In the background of engineering project management is becoming more and more complex, the complex degree and the construction risk are increasing day by day, the market competition is becoming fierce increasingly. The traditional extensive management methods already cann′t adapt to the requirement of sustainable development of building enterprises; enterprise informatization construction provides the possibility for intensive management of the building enterprise, and it becomes the inevitable choice of the enterprise. But how to carry out the enterprise informatization construction, in order to better improve the performance of informationization level, is the issue to study. The paper designs a practical informatization construction organization structure, puts forward a full-participation′s informatization management mode for the continuous improvement on the basis of contrasting and anglicizing the status quo of the informatization construction.
A New Strategic Partner Selection Method Base on Factor Analysis in the Construction Industry
Authors: Wang Shun , Ma Qin Hai
Published: October 2012

Partnering can bring mutual benefit for client and contractor in construction industry. There are two types of partnering: project partnering and strategic partnering. Contractor selection is a decisive event for strategic partnering project success, but it is difficult for client select a suitable contractor to set up strategic partnership with tradition contractor selection method. In this paper, the factors of successful strategic partnering were analyzed, and eighteen indictors were selected through investigation and interview, furthermore four determinant factors in the strategic contractor selection were gotten base on the factor analysis method: cooperation willingness, compatibility and continuous learning ability, cooperation ability and flexible ability, which can be as a reference for client to select strategic partners correctly during procurement phase.
Innovation and Management of Postgraduate Education for Underwater Acoustic Engineering
Authors: Li Xin Ying , Xia Zhao Wang
Published: October 2012

The postgraduate education is the top education in our country. To cultivate the innovative postgraduates is the responsibility and mission that the time entrust the university and the postgraduate supervisors. The postgraduates’ innovative quality education has been a hot topic that attracts general attention from both the society and the higher education society. Building an innovation-oriented country lies in the talent, particularly in the innovative scientific and technological talents. With the arrival of the knowledge economy era, postgraduate education in our country is facing a new historical opportunity for development. Postgraduates is the most active force among higher institutions, and the main group in building an innovation-oriented nation, and their ability to innovate has a direct impact on the country’s overall innovation ability.
An Analysis of the Control Points in the High-Rise Building Construction Management
Authors: Fan Yong , Shi Ke Bin
Published: October 2012

With the development of economy, high-rise buildings in medium and small cities quickly developed and what to bring the great challenge and higher requirements for Construction enterprise. Combined with the construction features of the high-rise buildings, in construction management work, strengthening the key of the control is one of the best way to promote quickly at the top of the construction enterprise management level. This paper respectively from the high building construction organization management measures, the construction organization design, dynamic control and the deep foundation pit supporting, the standard lines control and the strength of concrete control analysis and expounds that high-rise building construction of management of the control points.
Research Summary of Bridge and Tunnel Construction Safety Risk Evaluation Method
Authors: Tang Cheng Tie , Zhang Zhen Hao , He Zhi Gang
Published: October 2012

The risk of bridge and tunnel engineering in construction stage is a main subject which must be faced by bridge and tunnel engineer. Risk evaluation can analyze the happening possibility of construction safety accident and the consequence and loss caused by the accident. The research summary of risk evaluation method of bridge and tunnel construction safety is generalized in this paper. The main methods of risk evaluation at present are extrapolated, and the quality of each method is analyzed. The word of this paper will provide favorable reference for further research on risk evaluation of construction safety of bridge and tunnel engineering.
Preliminary Analysis on Design Principles and Development Trends of Modern Office Buildings
Authors: Wang Chun E
Published: October 2012

Along with the social and economic development, architectural design of modern office buildings has undergone huge changes in various perspectives, posing exacting requirements to designers. This article introduces the design philosophies of modern office buildings from architectural image, function design and interior space, proposing four development trends facing future office building design, diversification, being people-oriented, low carbon emission and energy saving, intellectualization.
Development and Application of a Sustainable Management System for Construction and Demolition Wastes
Authors: Lin Jim Jui Min , Huang Mei Chuan , Lu Mei Fang
Published: October 2012

The construction and demolition wastes (C&DW) management in Taiwan has been of a major concern due to potentially high risk to the environment. Past annual statistics indicated the number of construction firms regulated by Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration rose from 241 to 8,677 from 2005 to 2011, and their total amount of discharge increased from 110,922.79 tons/year to 1,575,882.30 tons/year; of which, 99.88% were general industrial waste, and 0.12% was hazardous industrial waste. Most of the waste was of the mixed waste of construction and demolition (32.58 - 66.35%), followed by the mixed waste of earthwork or construction (13.14 - 38.08%). In future years, Taiwan is seeing a large amount of C&DW and a low supply of construction-related or natural materials, thus if C&DW could be utilized in a more efficient manner, the issue of secondary environmental pollution would not only be solved but the goal of turning Taiwan into a “recycle-oriented society” where there is “zero waste” could also be achieved. Therefore, the management system and tracking of C&DW have received much research attention in recent years.
Key Success Factors of Chinese Building Decoration Project
Authors: Chao Yu Fang
Published: October 2012

This article analyzed key success factors Chinese building decoration project by undertaking environmental analysis and benchmarking enterprise analysis method. Studies show that origin, quality, payment collection, quality, safety, brand, financial strength and cost control of project are the key success factors of China building decoration project. Chinese construction decoration enterprises should make sound capacity-building around the six aspects to obtain competitive advantages.
Standardization of the Subjects and Content of Government Supervision in Construction Quality
Authors: Guo Han Ding , Shang Ling , Yang Xiao Ping , Zhang Yin Xian
Published: October 2012

Standardization of government supervision process in construction quality is composed of standardization of the subjects of supervision, standardization of the content of supervision and standardization of the operation of supervision together. The essential of the subjects of supervision standardization to regulate quality supervisor in government, including six aspects such as specialize the supervision businesses, rationalize the supervision tasks, team ship supervision implement, crystallize the surveillance responsibility, the professionalization of qualification of the supervisor, and regular the training of supervision businesses; standardization of the content of supervision is core factor to operate the standardized system of government supervision in construction quality, including six aspects such as normalize the content of supervision work, systematize the key point of supervision work, unitize the form of supervision record, standard the system of supervision work, self-discipline of supervision behavior and legalize the supervision procedure
Study on the Reform of "Engineering Detection Technology" Lesson of Engineer Management
Authors: Dong Ping
Published: October 2012

As the main course of professional engineering supervision, Engineering Detection Technology is a course which equally emphasizes both on the theory and practice.In the process of teaching, it not only demands students to master the relevant theoretical knowledge, more important requires the students have the relevant measure method of skills and the vocational moral quality to the testing personnel. This paper, from the aspects of teaching material and class number discusses the present problems in the teaching process, and puts forward the corresponding measures of the teaching reformation , suggests to increase experiment hours, and cultivates the students' integrated Skills, and puts forward the use of multimedia teaching methods to enrich the students' interest.
Identification and Analysis of Dynamic Factor of Evolution of the Project Organization
Authors: Qu Na , Luo Lv , Guo Jing Yuan
Published: October 2012

This paper states the definition of evolutionary dynamic of project organization, finds out the dynamic factors of evolution of the project organization basing on talks, questionnaires and analysis, constructs the diagram of dynamic factors, basing on which a three-dimension graph of the interaction between dynamic factors is constructed, and a model about the interaction process between dynamic factors basing on Haken Model is built and a analysis about the process is made. The author concludes it’s an effective way to make the organization change from criticality to orderly state faster and the evolution of the organization by means of designing dynamic factors rationally, dynamic construction of the relationship of competition and cooperation and enhancing the rational actions the behavior subjects.
Impact Evaluation on Air and Acoustic Environment of an Integrated Circuit Project
Authors: Su Rong Jun
Published: October 2012

To assess environmental feasibility of integrated circuit industry and predict it’s influence on air and acoustic emvironment, the current situations and impact assesment on air and sound environment were done. Survey on air pollution sources indicated that smoke dust was the main exhaust pollutants accounting for 88.5% of the total and SO2 was the second. Current situation of monitoring shows that all measured items can satisfy the requirements of the standards except the daily average concentration of PM10. Gas pollutants in waste gases can be removed 85~ 95% after purified. Noises on proposed project area during night and day are all accord with the third or fourth class standards of 《Standard of Environmental Noise of Urban Area》. Noises in the project can meet level Ⅲ standards of 《Standard of Noise at Boundary of Industrial Enterprises》. So this project has little influence on surrounding air and sound environment. Therefore on the condition of adopting corresponding treatment measures, this project is feasible on aspects of air and sound environment.
Research of the Distribution of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in Print Shops in Xi’an
Authors: Wu Shu Yun , Yan Zeng Feng , Dong Jun Gang , Liu Huan Huan
Published: October 2012

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are major constituents of the indoor air pollutants. The indoor air quality has caused wide concern for VOCs may affect human health in many ways. The VOCs in general rooms volatilize from building materials, furniture and so on. In print shops the print equipment and materials may produce a large amount of VOCs that may affect the health of the long-term print shop workers. The author has measured the VOC content and the air indexes in a seventy square-meter print shop in Xi’an with comprehensive functions, then, evaluated the pollution and proposed the preventions of the VOC content in print shops.
Countermeasures on Environmental Pollution from Construction
Authors: Zhang Chang You
Published: October 2012

With the large-scale development of urban construction, the construction will lead to increasingly prominent environmental issues. The paper gives an analysis of the factors of construction which influence the environment and proposes countermeasures for environmental pollution from construction from the perspective of production process technology, green construction technology and management in order to eliminate or alleviate the environmental pollution and impacts produced during construction.
International Comparison of Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Fuel Combustion of BRICS
Authors: Jing Yuan Shu , Wen Xin Long , Zhang Di
Published: October 2012

Based on the latest national carbon dioxide emissions data released from the International Energy Agency (IEA), the carbon dioxide emissions trends of BRICS were analyzed in three aspects: the total carbon dioxide emissions, the emission intensity calculated using purchasing power parties (PPP) and per capita carbon dioxide emissions. The results show that the total carbon dioxide emissions among BRICS presented an increasing trend in different extent. On the other hand, the emission intensity calculated using PPP of BRICS showed a decreasing trend. The per capita carbon dioxide emissions of BRICS also presented an increasing trend in different extent. The Russian Federation and South Africa’s per capita carbon dioxide emissions were higher than the World’s average level, whilst those of India, Brazil and China were lower than the World’s average level, which is far less than the level of the OECD countries.
An Evaluation Model of Inundated Land Based on Income Approach - Residual Method
Authors: Wu Li Ming , Guo Xiao Yue
Published: October 2012

On discussing the value of inundated land the paper points out the problems of existing land evaluation methods and analyses the factors affecting land evaluation as well as discusses the principle of land value assessment. On this basis, the paper put forwards a model based on income approach -- residual method to reflect the true market value of the inundated land.
Research on the Evaluation of Sustainable Development Capacity in China
Authors: Zhang Jian Sheng
Published: October 2012

Basing on the relevant researches for sustainable development, this paper constructed the evaluated indicators system, and then gave an evaluation for the sustainable development ability in 31 provinces of China. The results showed that the comprehensive score of each province had a great difference; the top provinces are Shanghai, Beijing; the last provinces are Gansu and Guizhou and so on; the eastern coastal regions had strong sustainable development ability, and the midwest regions had weak sustainable development ability.
Brownfields as a Tool for Support of Regional Development of Slovakia
Authors: Pavolová Henrieta , Csikósová Adriana , Bakalár Tomáš
Published: October 2012

The paper deals with solutions of brownfields in Slovakia in the context of the regional development. It refers to the potential that brownfields have for the benefit of further development at not only local but also at regional level in order to create aesthetically and ecologically balanced environment and landscape. It also shows the interaction of revitalization and subsequent reuse of brownfields in order to minimize regional disparities in the territory of the Slovak Republic.
The Spatial Polymorphism Compound of the Under-Eave Space in the Traditional Commercial Towns in the West of Hunan Province
Authors: Yu Han Wu , Lu Qi
Published: October 2012

Streets constitute the skeleton of the commercial space in traditional towns, and the commercial buildings are its flesh and blood. The under-eave space serves as the transition of the streets and commercial buildings, and it is viewed as a part of both streets and commercial buildings. However, the variable conformation and contents of the under- eave space lead to temporal polymorphism and spatial multi-functionality, which manifest its commercial value ,and become an important component of traditional commercial districts.
A Review on Prof. Liang Sicheng's Thought and Practice of Heritage Conservation
Authors: Yao Tang , Cai Qing
Published: October 2012

Prof. Liang Sicheng made great contribution to heritage conservation of China. He established the very impressed concept of historic monument restoration of "fix old as the old", and the concept of integrated urban conservation. However, with the time passing, the concept of "fix old as the old" is out of the main conservation theory of today.
Sustainable Neighbourhood Planning and Design in Malaysian Perspective
Authors: Zakaria Rozana , Vikneswaran M. , Said Mohd Ismid Mohd , Saleh Abd Latif , Mushairry Mustaffar
Published: October 2012

Sustainable development becomes the significant tool of planning and design of building structures and infrastructures in this decade. The land use development for neighbourhood construction should be protected from being overused and devastated. Malaysia must starts to incorporate sustainable neighbourhood planning and design so that the future generation can be benefited from this type of development. However less focus is being paid to this type of development which needs attention to be given especially on small-scale green areas. The main concern of this paper is to address the practice of sustainable neighbourhood planning and design in Malaysia as it gives much impact to the living environment of a group of community. The issues pertaining Malaysian sustainable development planning and sustainable neighbourhood design were discussed in this paper. Results from the Malaysian Local Council Structure Plan review were discussed to highlight the sustainable neighbourhood importance. The result indicates that the sustainable neighbourhood planning and design in Malaysia needs to be improved over the current practices to create more environmental-friendly neighbourhood.
Comparison between Localized Underfloor Air Distribution and Ceiling Air Supply for Porous Solar Wall Heating System
Authors: Ouyang Li , Liu Wei
Published: October 2012

In this paper, the two physical models for the porous solar wall heating system with localized underfloor air distribution (UFAD), and the one with ceiling air supply are established, respectively.Based on Brinkman-Forchheimer Extended Darcy and energy two-equation models for saturated porous medium, the heat transfer and flow characteristics of two kinds of system are simulated and analyzed by using numerical simulation. The results show that the localized underfloor air distribution (UFAD) has better performance on flow and temperature distribution, utilization of solar power than the localized ceiling air supply for the porous solar wall heating system.
The Use of Renewable Sources of Energy in the Development Process of a Slovak Municipality
Authors: Pavolová Henrieta , Bakalár Tomáš , Búgel Milan
Published: October 2012

The present article deals with the issue of renewable energy sources for the development needs of Čakanovce municipality in terms of solar, geothermal, and biomass energy which are available for this region. Using renewable energy is viewed not only in the context of environmental benefits, but also in the context of further socio-economic development of communities and an increase of its energy independence. The analysis of the solved problems was based on relevant data on the possibilities of using different types of renewable energy in relation to supporting the development of Olšava-Kecerovce region which also includes Čakanovce. Choice of the most appropriate types of renewable energies to promote further development of Čakanovce municipality was based on proportionately index method, according to pre-defined decision-making factors.
Effective Approaches for the Improvement of Solar Energy Collector Efficiency in Town Buildings
Authors: Zhang Yun Peng , Sun Shun Xiang , Hou Yan
Published: October 2012

In order to reasonably make good use of solar energy---a kind of typical and clean energy, especially increase the efficiency of solar energy usage in town buildings, this paper introduces and analyzes solar Thermal-arrest Technology by way of how to increase solar absorption efficiency and how to decrease collector heat loss, finds an effective way to increase the efficiency of present solar collectors. Solar Thermal-arrest Technology is good for being widely used in town buildings. Its reasonable development is helpful to reducing building energy consumption and the relief of present energy shortage in China.
Adverse Choice Analysis on Chinese Renewable Energy Power Generation Construction
Authors: Wu Yun Na , Wang He Ping , Wu Si , Xu Ru Hang
Published: October 2012

Chinese Renewable energy Power Generation Construction (RPGC) is undergoing a rapid flourish nowadays, so a large amount of projects need to be contracted to engineer procure construct enterprises, namely EPC enterprises. However, high-level EPC enterprises always outsource specific activities to various vendors simultaneously, thus resulting in many outsourcing risks with regard to contract due to the underdeveloped Chinese RPGC outsourcing market mechanism. Based on the analysis of Chinese RPGC outsourcing market's features, an index evaluation system of vendor’s comprehensive ability is built up to help select the most suitable vendor, therefore reducing adverse choice risk. Moreover, with decrease of Chinese RPGC developing speed and gradual maturity of market, risks that EPC enterprises encounter will undoubtedly transmit and change, which are the risks requiring further research.
High Performance Flexible Solar Cells with CdTe Thin Film
Authors: Wu Qian Qiong , Chang Xiao Ying
Published: October 2012

The development of CdTe/CdS solar cells on flexible substrates is reviewed in this article. Photovoltaic structures on lightweight and flexible substrates have several advantages over the heavy glass based structures in both terrestrial and space applications. The cells mounted on flexible foil are not fragile, the requirements of the supporting structures are minimum and they can be wrapped onto any suitably oriented or curved structures. The specific power of the solar cells is an important factor in space applications and hence development of photovoltaic devices on light weight substrates is interesting. CdTe is one of the leading candidates for photovoltaic applications due to its optimum band gap for the efficient photo-conversion and robustness for industrial production with a variety of film preparation methods. Flexible solar cells with conversion efficiencies exceeding 11% have been developed on polyimide foils. The development of CdTe devices on metallic substrates is impeded due to the lack of a proper ohmic contact between CdTe and the substrate. The polymer substrate has the advantage that the devices can be prepared in both “superstrate” and “substrate” configurations.
Two-Step Preparation of Bio-Diesel from the Used Bleaching Clay
Authors: Wu Su Xi , Yan Shuai Hang , Cai Hui
Published: October 2012

with the shortage of the raw material oil for producing bio-diesel in China, the oil, recovered from the used bleaching clay which often be discarded by vegetable oil factory, was used to prepare bio-diesel in this trial. Two-step catalyzed process was adopted to produce biodiesel from the oil. The effect of methanol-to-oil molar ratio, alkaline catalyst quantity, reaction temperature and reaction time on the preesterification and transesterification reaction was investigated through orthogonal experiments. Thus the optimal reaction condition came out. Firstly, the optimal pre-esterification condition, under which the end acid value of the product was minimum (i.e. 1.88 mgKOH/g),was to react for 40 h at 60°C,with a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 12:1, and by adding alkali catalyst 4% based on the oil weight. Secondly，the optimal transesterification condition, under which the maximum yield of bio-diesel can reach up to 98.2%, was to react for 2.5 h at 60°C,with the methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 7:1, and by adding catalyst 1.25% based on the oil weight.
Study on Heating System of Solar Energy Combined with Bioenergy
Authors: Li Jin Ping , Wei Tao Min , Ma Jun , Zhao Qin Tong , Wang Lei Lei
Published: October 2012

In order to employ the solar energy and bioenergy efficiently and economically, a new model of heating system is established for theoretically studying the exergy and energy utilization of solar energy and bioenergy on the basis of the Integrated Cascaded Utilization of Chemical and Physical Energy Principle. The results indicate, the low temperature floor radiation heating way is better than the traditional radiator heating way, and compared with traditional direct burning biomass heating, the energy and exergy utilization efficiency of the new system are more than 89% and 20% respectively, and the capital recovery period is less than 3 years.
Existing Condition Analysis and Countermeasures of Huizhou Traditional Architecture Construction
Authors: Sun Qiang , Guan Cong Cong
Published: October 2012

According to the fact finding and analysis of the documents of Huizhou traditional building, this paper spells out the tradition and the modern construction characteristics of Huizhou traditional architecture, Puts forward the basic countermeasures of the construction characteristics of technology mining and inheritance, discusses the feasibility of the modern construction method, it can provide relevant reference for renovation and quality upgrading of Huizhou traditional architecture.
The Influence Factors of Energy Consumption and Energy Savings Potential in Office Buildings
Authors: Zhang Shuo Peng , Xu Xiao Ju , Li Rui
Published: October 2012

This research is aimed at exploring the influence factors of energy consumption and energy management by researching 16 big office buildings located in the north of China, and offer some energy saving suggestions by improving the user behaviors.
Research on the Energy Consumption Reference Value of Commercial Office Buildings in Xi’an
Authors: Jia Yuan , Yan Zeng Feng
Published: October 2012

Energy consumption reference values support the reference data for development of building energy efficiency potential. A uniform split model of energy consumption was established for calculating the item electricity consumption. Item electricity consumption are consisted by the electricity use of air conditioning system (chillers, chilled water pumps, cooling water pumps, cooling tower fans and end-use equipments), lighting system, indoor equipments and service equipments respectively. The data from site investigation was used to calculate the item electric energy use intensities (EUIs) in commercial office building. And these EUIs were used to identify the item energy reference value by two statistical analysis methods. The results show that the quadratic average EUIs which stand for the high level of energy consumption are lower than the mean plus standard deviation (SD) EUIs. Finally, the individual building (EUIs) can be compared with these reference values to evaluate building energy performance. And the item energy reference value is investigated in support of the retrofit of commercial office building.
Productive Experiment on Short-Time Aeration Treatment of Municipal Sewage
Authors: Li Cui Hua
Published: October 2012

COD and BOD of the inflow of aeration basin and the effluent of secondary sedimentation tank were detected through orthogonal test.The test use removal rate of COD and BOD as evaluation index, B/C as analysis index. The result of the test indicated that the best working condition can be achieved when there are 3 water pumps for inflow, the concentration of activated sludge stands at 1600mg/L, and HRT in the aeration basin and secondary sedimentation tank stand at 1.86 hours and 2.87 hours respectively. The test demonstrated that short-time aeration can reduce the energy consumption and, therefore, the cost effectively, while insure the effluent reach the outlet qualitative standard. This is suitable for sewage treatment plants in south China since the concentration of their inflow is low.
Purification Effect on Particle Size of Matrix in Ecological Filter Bed
Authors: Zhou Ming Tao , Yang Ping , Hu Huan
Published: October 2012

In order to study the purification effect on the particle size of matrix in ecological filter bed, four ecological filter bed units with different particle sizes (0~2mm, 2~15mm, 15~30mm, 30~50mm) are designed to purify the polluted river water. Results show that the particle size of matrix has considerable influence on the polluted river water quality improvement, and the purification effect decreases gradually as the particle size of matrix increases. During the whole experimental period, the ecological filter bed unit with the particle size of 0~2mm is the best in all four systems, and the average removal of it is 62.77% for CODCr, 73.04% for TN and 67.40% for TP respectively.
Discourse of Design Culture Code: A Supplement of Design Aesthetics
Authors: Yang Yu Fu , Hsiao Wen Ping , Lu Jau Hui
Published: October 2012

The problematic of this research paper is that why design aesthetics has nothing to do with design practice? Aim to this problematic, this paper take a primary review on contemporary aesthetics and by review on Barthes’s semiotics, then, we propose the discourse of design culture code as a supplement of design aesthetics, for answer the problematic of this research.
Economic Analysis of Cascade Utilization of Mine Water and Recycled Water of Electric Power Plant
Authors: Wu Zuo Lian , Wang Meng , Liu Xiao Chun , Zhang Li Na
Published: October 2012

The scheme selection and system design of the regional central air conditioning system of Xiezhuang Coal Mine were presented. The cascade utilization of Mine water and recycled water of electric power plant was realized in this system. The system works well with decent economic benefits and accord with energy conservation and pollution reduction. At the same time, the economical efficiency and emission reductions of this system were analyzed, providing reference for regional central air conditioning system of the same type. The modulus of this system reaches comprehensive energy efficiency coefficient 4.83 in summer and 23.41 in winter. The increasing income and the saving investment are about RMB1.87b/a. CO2 emission reduction is 249.4t/a, SO2 11.3t/a, smoke and dust 8.5t/a, ash 147.4t/a.
Mathematical Models for Analysis of Water Pollution
Authors: Qin Xuan Hua , Zheng Li Li
Published: October 2012

The water qualityr was considered by multiple regression analysis. The linear relationship between integrated pollution index and weight pollution index were obtained, the 5 day biochemical oxygen demanded and total nitrogen were the most important pollution factor by the relationship. And then, the two main components influencing water quality were given based on the principal component analysis affecting data..
Trace Metal Concentrations in Deep Groundwater in Renlou Coal Mine, Northern Anhui Province, China
Authors: Sun Lin Hua
Published: October 2012

Concentrations of six types of metals (including Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb) in twelve groundwater samples from two different aquifers (coal bearing and limestone aquifers) in Renlou coal mine in northern Anhui Province, China have been analyzed by using ICP-MS and processed by statistical analysis for tracing their sources. The results indicate that the concentrations of metals are as follows: Cu(6.68 mg/L)> Cr(2.39 mg/L)> Ni(1.03 mg/L)> Zn(0.882 mg/L)> Co(0.569 mg/L)> Pb(0.116 mg/L). Concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu and Pb are several times (47.8, 51.5, 3.3 and 8.0, respectively) higher than the drinking water standard of WHO, and indicating that these groundwater cannot be used for drinking directly. Two components (eigenvalues higher than one) have been obtained by using factor analysis with a total variance explanation of 88.7%, and two sources for metals in the groundwater have been identified that Cr-Cu and Co-Ni-Pb are originated from different sources. Moreover, the differences of metal concentrations between groundwater in these two aquifers suggest that they can be used for water source discrimination.
Impact of Molecular Mass of Natural Organic Matter on Biological Removal of Iron
Authors: Yu Li E
Published: October 2012

Removal of iron in groundwater using biological filtration column are researched. Natural organics with different molecular mass can be removed using molecule filtration membrane. Test results showed that the molecular mass of organic influenced effluent quality. The greater is organic molecular mass, the lower the removal rate of iron, DOC and UV254. Removal rate of DOC and UV254 in groundwater with organic of molecular mass less than 1000 were 82.4% and 65.8%，respectively，but Removal rate of DOC and UV254 in groundwater with organic of molecular mass more than 30000 were 28.5% and 54.3% respectively.
Humus Activated Sludge Process Applied in Japan and Korea
Authors: Zhao Ke , Zhu Gang
Published: October 2012

A promising humus activated sludge process with microorganism cultivation reactor filled with humus soil pellets on the basis of traditional activated sludge technology was developed in Japan and used to improve sewage treatment efficiency. Since 1980s, humus activated sludge process was successfully applied in Shimauchi Housing Complex of Matsumoto City, Yamanouchi Sewage Treatment Center and Sewage Treatment Facility at Nagayoshi Agriculture Hamlet and was applied in more than 200 sewage treatment plants in Korea. The operating results showed that the process has the advantage of excellent pollutant removal performance and sludge dewaterability and no odor release.
A Case Study on the Automatic Control of Chemical Dosing Processes for Full-Scale Drinking Water Treatment
Authors: Wang Dong Sheng , Zhou Xing Peng , Mo Xiao Ming , Wang Yi
Published: October 2012

During drinking water treatment, the chemical dosing processes, such as coagulant dosing process, ozone dosing process and chlorine dosing process are usually manually operated based on the operator knowledge and experience. However, due to the variations of water quality, water flow and process operational conditions and characteristics of large time-delay and nonlinear for the chemical dosing processes, it is difficult to adjust the chemical dosages in time by operators to keep the treated water quality stable, especially during the periods of rapid and frequent variations of water quality, water flow and process operational conditions. Thus, the improvements of control methods for the chemical dosing processes are essential to the operation of drinking water treatment plants. The Xiangcheng Water Treatment Plant in Suzhou, China has been utilizing the automatic control for chemical dosing processes since February 2012. Automatic controllers are designed respectively for the coagulant dosing process, ozone dosing process and chlorine dosing process. After the implementation of automatic control, operators are not necessary to keep constant attention. In addition, due to the improvements of control accuracies for the chemical dosing processes, the chemical dosages are reduced on the premise of ensuring safe water. Thus, both of the human resource costs and material costs can be saved. The practical control results demonstrate the efficiencies of proposed methods.
Effect of ACF Properties on the Electric Adsorption Performance of the ACF Electrode
Authors: Zhang Qin , Zhang Zhao Hui , Wang Liang , Zhang Zi Long , Guo Xing Fei
Published: October 2012

The properties of four different activated carbon fiber cloth (ACF), such as specific surface area, pore volumes and pore size distribution, were evaluated. The relationship between ACF properties and its electrosorption performance was analyzed. The experimental results show that pore structure has more influence on the performance of ACF electrode than that of specific surface area for ACF material. More abundant mesopores and shallower pore channels for ACF is favorable to improve the specific capacitance and electrosorption capacity of ions.
H2SO4 and Maleic Anhydride Electrochemistry Modifications on Carbon Fiber and Effects on Immobilization of Microorganism in Waste Water
Authors: Bao Yan Ling , Dai Guang Ze , Ling Jing Jing , Ni Qing Qing
Published: October 2012

PAN-based carbon fiber (CF) was modified by electrochemistry using H2SO4 and maleic anhydride (MA) in current rearch. The CF surface morphology and natures were characterized by specific facilities, such as laser confocal microsopy (LCM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the degree of moisture. On the other hand, the biocompatibility nature was indicated by immobilization results of microorganisms on CF. The outcomes show that the surface hydrophilicity, oxygen-based function-groups and surface roughness of CF would contribute greatly to improve the immobilization ability of microorganisms on CF surface. And H2SO4 anodic oxidation on CF has more effect on microorganism immobilization than MA electropolymerization.