bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A dializált betegek palliatív ellátása
Authors: Szigeti Nóra , Tóth Sára , Kun Szilárd , Ladányi Erzsébet , Csiky Botond , Wittmann István
Published: November 2024

Bevezetés: A palliatív ellátás célja a krónikus, progresszív betegségben szenvedő, súlyos állapotú betegek életminőségének javítása. Munkánk során a krónikus hemodialízis (HD)-kezelésben részesülő betegek tüneteit, állapotát és életvégi kívánságát mértük fel annak megítélésére, hogy palliatív ellátásuk indokolt lenne-e. Betegek és módszerek: Munkánk első részében 2022. július 1. és 2023. december 31. között a Pécsi TritonLife Dialízis Centrumban és Szatellita Állomáson a krónikus HDkezelt, előrehaladott daganatos betegségük miatt palliált betegeket két csoportba osztva vizsgáltuk tüneti terheik és életvégi kívánságuk szempontjából. Mindkét csoportban (A és B) a betegek (n=5 mindkét csoportban) tüneti terheit hetente mértük az Edmonton Symptom Assessment System Revised Renal (ESAS-r: Renal) kérdőív segítségével, a B csoport életvégi kívánságát havonta rögzítettük. Munkánk második részében a krónikus HD-kezelteket (n=168) vizsgáltuk tüneteik (Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale Renal [IPOS-Renal] kérdőív), többszervi érintettségük (Charlson komorbiditási index) és funkcionális állapotuk (” meglepődéskérdés”) szempontjából. Eredmények: Első vizsgálatunkban a tüneti terhek felmérése nem volt sikeres, a betegek nem tudták értékelni a skálán tüneteik időbeli változását. A halál bekövetkeztének helyére vonatkozó életvégi kívánság a B csoportban mindkét elhunyt beteg esetében teljesült. Második vizsgálatunkban a krónikus HD-kezeltek jelentős totális fájdalmára derült fény. A Charlson komorbiditási index magas volt (6±2), amely 98%-os tízéves és a ” meglepődéskérdés”-re adott 46 negatív válasz 27%-os egy éven belüli várható halálozást jelent. Megbeszélés: A krónikus HD-kezeltek magas tüneti terhei és várható halálozása palliatív kezelésük szükségességét hangsúlyozza.
A rendelői vérnyomásmérések gyakorisága és a vérnyomás szezonális ingadozása hazánkban: a Magyar Hipertónia Regiszter eredményei
Authors: Nemcsik János , Takács Johanna , Pásztor Dorottya , Farsang Csaba , Simon Attila , Páll Dénes , Torzsa Péter , Dolgos Szilveszter , Koller Ákos , Habony Norbert , Járai Zoltán
Published: November 2024

Háttér: A hypertonia jelentős népegészségügyi probléma, korai felismerése és megfelelő kezelése kulcsfontosságú a cardiovascularis morbiditás és mortalitás csökkentése szempontjából. Az új Magyar Hipertónia Regiszter célja az volt, hogy feltárja a hazai családorvosok, belgyógyászok, kardiológusok rendelői-szakrendelői vérnyomásmérési gyakorlatát, valamint a vérnyomás szezonális ingadozását. Módszerek: 2018 októbere és 2023 áprilisa között, négy hónapos periódusokban Omron M3 IT vérnyomásmérő készülékek kerültek kihelyezésre családorvosi rendelőkbe és szakrendelőkbe. Az Omron Medistance rendszere segítségével a vérnyomásadatok továbbításra kerültek egy központi szerverre. Eredmények: Családorvosok (n=2491) és belgyógyászok/kardiológusok (n=477) vettek részt a vizsgálatban. 10, négy hónapos periódus során összesen 4 804 821 vérnyomásadat került rögzítésre. A napi vérnyomásmérések átlagos száma 3,0 és 5,6 között mozgott. Az Európai Hypertonia Társaság irányelvét követő besorolás alapján a mérések 14%-a esett az optimális, 13,4%-a a normális, 16,7%-a pedig az emelkedett-normális kategóriába. A mérések 56%-a volt emelkedett; 1-es fokozatú (31,6%), 2-es fokozatú (17,1%) vagy 3-as fokozatú (7,4%) hypertonia. Átlagosan 5/2 Hgmm-es különbség volt a téli és nyári szisztolés és diasztolés vérnyomásátlagok között. Emelkedett szisztolés vérnyomás volt kimutatható azokban a családorvosi praxisokban, ahol 2000 felett volt a kártyaszám azokkal a praxisokkal összehasonlítva, ahol a kártyaszám kevesebb volt, mint 1500 (141,86 Hgmm versus 140,02 Hgmm, p<0,05). Következtetések: Az alacsony átlagos napi vérnyomásmérésszámok a hazai családorvosok és szakorvosok korlátozott vérnyomásmérési lehetőségeire vagy vérnyomásmérési szándékára utalhatnak. A nagyobb betegszámú családorvosi praxisok betegeinek vérnyomása kevésbé kontrollált. Ezek az eredmények az otthoni vérnyomás-monitorozás fontosságára és a szezonális vérnyomás-ingadozás hosszú távú gondozás során való jelentőségére is felhívják a figyelmet.
CardioOncología en cáncer de mama y en cáncer de próstata
Authors: Ruiz Mori Enrique
Published: November 2024

Menciona el autor en la Presentación: “La Cardiotoxicidad en los pacientes oncológicos está relacionada con los factores deriesgo cardiovascular, enfermedad cardiovascular preexistente y la terapia oncológica; esta condición clínica conlleva unincremento de la morbimortalidad cardiovascular del superviviente de cáncer, supervivencia que se ha incrementado en losúltimos años gracias al diagnóstico precoz y las modernas terapias oncológicas; permitiendo finalmente que se desarrolle unanueva subespecialidad de la cardiología: la CardioOncología…
The Relationship Between Social Media Dependency, Mental Health, and Academic Performance Among Adolescents in Indonesia
Authors: Zani Benny Novico , Said Faridah Mohd , Nambiar Nisha , Sholihat Siti
Published: November 2024

Aims : the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between social media addiction, mental health, and academic performance among adolescents in Depok, Indonesia.
Methods : A cross-sectional study was conducted in senior high school students in Depok, West Java, among teenagers aged 15-18 years. The Social Media Addiction Scale-Student Form (SMAS-SF) Questionnaire scale, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS), and the Social Media and Academic Performance of Students (SMAAPOS) were the scales employed.
Results : The mean age of the 200 adolescents in the intervention group was 16.37 (SD+2.55), with 60% being male. With an average score of 88.43 (SD=24.53), respondents demonstrated a moderate level of social media dependency. The respondents' mental health score dropped from 21.37.78 to 90.2137.24, and their academic performance was mediocre. Social media dependency (r=0.241) and sadness (r=0.405) were found to be substantially related to academic performance.
Conclusions : correlation between social media addiction and mental health problems (r=0.334) was discovered. Supportive social environments and social networks, as well as improved emotional regulation and resilience in the face of stress and adversity, are central goals of interventions for the promotion and prevention of mental illness.
The Effect of Block Play on Fine Motor Development Among Children in Pre-School
Authors: Fauziah Resti , Puspitasari Amalia Indah
Published: November 2024

Aims: to find out the influence of block games on the development of fine motor skills in preschool children aged 4-5 years at TKAT ARRIDLO.
Methods: this study used an experimental type of research with a pre- experimental design using a pre-test and post-test design. The population in this study were all preschool children at TKAT ARRIDLO who experienced fine motor development disorders. The sampling technique is to use the entire total population so that the total sample is 17 people. The results of the study were then analyzed using the Wilcoxon test.
Results: The research revealed that 11.8% of children had untested fine motor development before a block game, while 82.2% had suspect development. After the game, 29.4% had suspect development, and 70.6% had normal development. The Wilcoxon test indicated H1 as accepted.
Conclusions: this shows that there is an effect of playing with blocks on the fine motor development of preschoolers at TKAT ARRIDLO. It is hoped that research sites can routinely apply games that train children's motor development, especially fine motor skills.
Impact of Haemodialysis: Analysis of Haemoglobin Levels and Blood Pressure Control in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Bangun Argi Virgona , Baroka Nurani Saxena , Santoso M. Budi
Published: November 2024

Aims: To analyze the effect of hemodialysis on hemoglobin levels and blood pressure in patients with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD).
Method: The study used a one-group pretest-posttest design with 17 respondents. Data were collected using EDTA tubes, sphygmomanometers, and stethoscopes. A paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were applied to analyze the significance of changes between pretest and posttest results
Results: The mean hemoglobin level before hemodialysis was 7.92 g/dL and increased to 8.50 g/dL after hemodialysis (p = 0.001). The mean systolic blood pressure decreased from 136.6 mmHg before to 124.0 mmHg after hemodialysis (p = 0.003). However, there was no significant difference in diastolic blood pressure, with an average of 80.6 mmHg before and 78.6 mmHg after hemodialysis (p = 0.180).
Conclusion: It can be concluded that hemodialysis significantly increases hemoglobin levels and reduces systolic blood pressure in ESRD patients, while diastolic blood pressure remains unchanged. Regular monitoring of hemoglobin and systolic blood pressure is crucial for managing patient health. Hemodialysis effectively raises hemoglobin levels and reduces systolic blood pressure in ESRD patients. Regular monitoring of both parameters is essential for effective patient management. While the findings highlight the benefits of hemodialysis, the limited sample size may restrict the generalizability of the results. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these findings and explore the long-term implications.
Overview of Nurse Motivation in Adult Inpatient Room
Authors: Liestyaningrum Wiwiek , Saribu Hotmaria Julia Dolok , Sari Komala
Published: November 2024

Aims: to determine the description of the level of nurse motivation in the inpatient ward of Dabo Regional Hospital.
Method: This study used a descriptive design with a total sampling of 44 nurses in the adult inpatient ward of Dabo Regional Hospital. Data were collected through a nurse motivation questionnaire consisting of 13 statements and analyzed using a frequency distribution.
Results: The results showed that 59.09% of nurses experienced low motivation, while 40.91% had high motivation. Demographic characteristics, such as age, gender, education, and length of service, influenced the level of motivation.
Discussion: Factors that influence nurse motivation include the work environment, management support, and reward systems. An unsupportive work environment and lack of appreciation from management contributed to this problem.
Conclusion: This study concludes that there is an urgent need to improve nurses' motivation at Dabo Regional Hospital through effective managerial strategies. Recommendations for further research are to determine the factors that influence nurses' work stress in adult inpatient wards.
Manufacture of Contact Lenses
Authors: Moroney Kevin , Greenbank Emma , Brosa Planella Ferran , Bohun Sean , Lee William , Keating Leah , Schwarzwalder Marc , Smith Ann , McGuinness Mark , Coughlan Michael , Vynnycky Michael
Published: November 2024

Johnson & Johnson (J & J) Vision Care manufacture billions of soft contact lenses each year at their site in Limerick. One aspect of contact lens production which is time and energy intensive is the curing process, where a liquid monomer solution is converted into a soft solid in a photopolymerisation reaction. This study develops models of the photopolymerisation process during contact lens manufacture, incorporating the important physicochemical mechanisms, to facilitate process understanding and optimisation. The developed models account for light propagation, heat transport and polymerisation kinetics. The relationship between curing time and lens thickness, monomer solution properties and oxygen inhibition is probed in a series of simulations, showing the potential of the models to explore optimal processing conditions for specific lens configurations. A separate model is developed to assess the relationship between the degree of cure of the lens and its distortion under gravity.
New series of 4,6-diaryl pyrimidines: facile synthesis and antiproliferative activity as dual EGFR/VEGFR-2 inhibitors
Authors: Mostafa Yaser A. , Assoud Jalil Abdeljalil , Desoky Ahmed Y. , Mohamady Samy , Mohamed Nesma M. , Salem Ola I. A. , Almarhoon Zainab M. , Bräse Stefan , Youssif Bahaa G. M.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

We developed and produced a new series of 4,6-diaryl-pyrimidines 9–29 as antiproliferative agents targeting EGFR/VEGFR-2.

Methods

The antiproliferative efficacy of the novel targets was assessed against a panel of 60 NCI cancer cell lines and four cancer cell lines in vitro.

Results and Discussion

Compounds 14, 17, 19, 22, 25, and 29 demonstrated the greatest potency among the derivatives, with GI50 values between 22 and 33 nM; compounds 22 and 29 exhibited the highest potency, with GI50 values of 22 and 24 nM, respectively. We subsequently examined the most efficient derivatives as dual EGFR/VEGFR-2 inhibitors, finding that compounds 22 and 29 functioned as dual inhibitors. Moreover, 22 and 29 can act as apoptotic inducers by increasing Bax levels and decreasing levels of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2. At both 24- and 48-h intervals, the cell migration rates of compounds 22 and 29 were lower than those of untreated cells, according to the migration rate and wound closure percentage assessment. The wound closure rate reached 100% after 72 h of therapy with compound 22 but only 80% with compound 29. The docking study showed that compounds 22 and 29 had docking scores similar to those of Erlotinib and Sorafenib, co-crystallized ligands, for the EGFR and VEGFR-2 proteins. The experiments on lipophilicity showed that the new pyrimidines had a consistent result. This group of compounds has better biological activity in all the biological systems studied with low lipophilicity.
Proteomics of circulating extracellular vesicles reveals diverse clinical presentations of COVID-19 but fails to identify viral peptides
Authors: Gualdrón-López Melisa , Ayllon-Hermida Alberto , Cortes-Serra Núria , Resa-Infante Patricia , Bech-Serra Joan Josep , Aparici-Herraiz Iris , Nicolau-Fernandez Marc , Erkizia Itziar , Gutierrez-Chamorro Lucia , Marfil Silvia , Pradenas Edwards , Ávila Nieto Carlos , Cucurull Bernat , Montaner-Tarbés Sergio , Muelas Magdalena , Sotil Ruth , Ballana Ester , Urrea Victor , Fraile Lorenzo , Montoya Maria , Vergara Julia , Segales Joaquim , Carrillo Jorge , Izquierdo-Useros Nuria , Blanco Julià , Fernandez-Becerra Carmen , de La Torre Carolina , Pinazo Maria-Jesus , Martinez-Picado Javier , del Portillo Hernando A.
Published: November 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by virus-infected cells have the potential to encapsulate viral peptides, a characteristic that could facilitate vaccine development. Furthermore, plasma-derived EVs may elucidate pathological changes occurring in distal tissues during viral infections. We hypothesized that molecular characterization of EVs isolated from COVID-19 patients would reveal peptides suitable for vaccine development. Blood samples were collected from three cohorts: severe COVID-19 patients (G1), mild/asymptomatic cases (G2), and SARS-CoV-2-negative healthcare workers (G3). Samples were obtained at two time points: during the initial phase of the pandemic in early 2020 (m0) and eight months later (m8). Clinical data analysis revealed elevated inflammatory markers in G1. Notably, non-vaccinated individuals in G1 exhibited increased levels of neutralizing antibodies at m8, suggesting prolonged exposure to viral antigens. Proteomic profiling of EVs was performed using three distinct methods: immunocapture (targeting CD9), ganglioside-capture (utilizing Siglec-1) and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). Contrary to our hypothesis, this analysis failed to identify viral peptides. These findings were subsequently validated through Western blot analysis targeting the RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein’s and comparative studies using samples from experimentally infected Syrian hamsters. Furthermore, analysis of the EV cargo revealed a diverse molecular profile, including components involved in the regulation of viral replication, systemic inflammation, antigen presentation, and stress responses. These findings underscore the potential significance of EVs in the pathogenesis and progression of COVID-19.
Source mechanism of the 2023 Ms 5.5 earthquake in Subei, Gansu Province revealed by relocated aftershocks and InSAR: complement to the ‘shallow slip deficit’ of the eastern boundary of the Altyn Tagh fault
Authors: Yao Yuan , Zhao Zhifang , Li Zhen , Lai Zhibin , Wang Guangming , Jiang Jinzhong
Published: November 2024

The Ms 5.5 earthquake struck on 24 October 2023, in Subei County, Gansu Province, China, occurring along the eastern segment of the Altyn Tagh fault. It raises the question of whether this earthquake is linked to the ongoing shortening slip rate along this segment or triggered by other seismic events. Analyzing the fault geometry of the Subei earthquake and understanding the significance of the weakening activity rate for seismic hazards in neighboring regions is crucial. The surface deformation from small- and medium-sized earthquakes (magnitudes less than Mw5.5) is often subtle, and the coseismic deformation detected by interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) is vulnerable to atmospheric disturbances, leading to significant measurement errors. Moreover, inaccuracies in the regional crustal velocity structure can cause errors in earthquake localization based on seismic data. These challenges complicate the establishment of a rupture model for seismogenic faults and hinder the inversion of fault slip models. To overcome these limitations, we employed the time-series InSAR stacking method and aftershock relocation to determine the fault geometry of the Subei earthquake. A two-step inversion method was utilized to ascertain both the fault geometry and slip distribution. Our modeling indicates that the 2023 Subei earthquake had a thrust mechanism with a component of strike-slip. The rupture did not reach the surface, with the maximum fault slip measuring 0.45 m at a depth of 2.5–3.5 km. The fault dips westward, and the moment magnitude is calculated at 5.4. This earthquake is associated with the ongoing weakening of the left-lateral strike-slip rupture along the Altyn Tagh fault in the Subei region. Furthermore, retrograde thrust tectonics significantly contribute to the absorption of accumulated stress during this process.Our findings highlight the potential of utilizing time-series InSAR images to enhance earthquake catalogs with geodetic observations, offering valuable data for further studies of the earthquake cycle and active tectonics. This approach is also applicable in other tectonically active regions, enhancing understanding of seismic hazards and risk assessment.
Measuring validity and reliability of the Italian version of Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children in overweight and obese children
Authors: Monacis Domenico , Annoscia Sabrina , Colella Dario , Limone Pierpaolo
Published: November 2024

The measure of daily physical activity (PA) is one of the most important topics in the field of health promotion. In addition, self-efficacy and enjoyment are significant factors that can foster adherence to physical activity during a person’s lifetime. The present study aims to assess the validity and reliability of Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children-Italian version (PAQ-C-It) in a sample of normal weight, overweight, and obese children. Three studies were conducted to assess the (1) general characteristics of PAQ-C-It, (2) model fit and construct validity between PA, self-efficacy, and enjoyment, and (3) reliability and construct validity of PAQ-C-It in normal weight, overweight, and obese children. The sample involved a total of 914, 500, and 600 children (male = 466, female = 448) attending first grade of secondary school (age = 11–13 years), in the first, second and third study, respectively. Children were asked to respond to three scales: Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C-It), the Perceived Physical Ability Scale (PPAS), and Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES). Then, explorative and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to assess the validity and reliability of the PAQ-C-It by relating results with those of the other scales. The analysis showed acceptable value and internal consistency of items for the subscales (α > 0.7), as well as the average variance extracted (>0.5) in both normal weight, overweight, and obese children. The results of the present study show that PAQ-C-It can be applied in the field of physical activity to measure adherence to physical activity and healthy behaviors. Moreover, self-efficacy and enjoyment are significant factors that can best promote adherence to PA. The present study can extend our knowledge about PAQ-C-It and open up new research avenues for driving interventions aimed at reducing sedentary behavior and improving PA in overweight and obese children.
Association between hydroxychloroquine use and risk of diabetes mellitus in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis: a UK Biobank-based study
Authors: Li Chen-Xia , Fan Meng-Lin , Pang Bo-Wen , Zhou Xing-Jian , Zhang Hong-Zi , Zeng Jing-Jing , Yang Jin-Kui , Xu Shao-yong
Published: November 2024

Context/Objectives

Hydroxychoroquine has hypoglycemic effects and may reduce the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM). We determined the association between hydroxychoroquine use and the incidence of DM in a population-based cohort of pations with Rheumatic disease

Methods

A prospective cohort study among 502392 Potentially eligible participants in the context of UK Biobank, recruitment to the database began between 2006 and 2010. Patients diagnosed with diabetes and fasting glucose greater than or equal to 7 mmol/L at baseline (n=619) were excluded and patients diagnosed with either RA or SLE at baseline (n=6793) were followed up until 2022. Diagnosis was recorded using the International Classification of Diseases, tenth edition (ICD-10) code. The mean follow-up was 13.78 years and the primary outcome was newly recorded type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with the time of onset of diabetes as the follow-up endpoint date.

Results

During a median follow-up period of 13.78 (12.93, 14.49) years, diabetes developed in 537 participants, with an incidence of 7.9%. New diabetes cases not taking hydroxychloroquine and taking hydroxychloroquine was 504 (8.03%) and 33 (6.36%), respectively. In univariate models, the hazard ratio for diabetes was 0.89 (95% confidence interval, 0.81-0.98, P=0.014) for hydroxychloroquine users compared with those not taking hydroxychloroquine. After adjusting for age, sex, race, education level, and BMI the hazard ratio for incident diabetes among hydroxychloroquine users was 0.88 (95% confidence interval, 0.80-0.97, P=0.008). In complete multivariate model hazard ratio for hydroxychloroquine was 0.87 (95% confidence interval, 0.79- 0.96, P=0.005).

Conclusion

Hydroxychloroquine was associated with decreased risk of DM among rheumatoid arthritis patients, our data taken together with correlational studies, warrant further investigation of the potential preventive effect of hydroxychloroquine against T2DM.
Evaluating the causal effects between Grave’s disease and diabetes mellitus: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhang Yuhan , Fu Liuxiang
Published: November 2024

Background

Graves’ disease (GD) is an autoimmune disease associated with an increased incidence of other autoimmune diseases. To investigate the causality between GD and Diabetes mellitus (DM), we designed bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) and multivariable MR (MVMR) studies.

Methods

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with GD, thyroid peroxidase (TPO), thyroglobulin (Tg), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), type 1 diabetes (T1D), and type 2 diabetes (T2D) were obtained from the IEU Open GWAS and FinnGen biobank databases. For the forward MR study, we used GD (sample size = 458,620) as the exposure and T1D (sample size = 520,580) and T2D (sample size = 211,766) as the outcomes. Next, high risk of T1D and T2D were used as exposure variables, and GD was used as the outcome variable for the reverse MR analysis. Finally, MVMR analysis was conducted to investigate the probable relationship between DM and indicators for thyroid function like TPO, Tg, and TSH. The inverse variance weighting (IVW) was used as the main method. Finally, the heterogeneity and sensitivity were assessed.

Results

There were 27, 88, and 55 SNPs associated with GD, T1D, and T2D, respectively. A significant causal connection between higher genetic liability of GD and the risk of T2D (OR [95% CI] = 1.059 [1.025–1.095], P = 5.53e-04) was found in the forward MR analysis. Comparatively, the significant causal relationship between higher genetic liability of GD and the risk of T1D was not demonstrated (OR [95% CI] = 0.998[0.927,1.074], P=0.949). However, reverse MR suggested that there was a genetic susceptibility to T1D that increased the likelihood of developing GD (OR [95% CI] = 1.173[1.117,1.231], P = 1.913e-10), while T2D did not (OR [95% CI] = 0.963 [0.870–1.066], P = 0.468). Furthermore, there was inadequate evidence to suggest that abnormal TSH, TPO, and Tg levels increase the risk of incident T1D or T2D in individuals with GD. MVMR revealed no causal relationship among Tg, TSH, TPO, T1D, or T2D.

Conclusion

There was no increased risk of T1D with an increase in genetic susceptibility to GD, although higher genetic susceptibility to T1D has been shown to be associated with increased risk of developing GD. A unidirectional causal relationship between the genetic liability for GD and increased risk of T2D was observed using MR analyses. MVMR analysis showed no statistically relevant causality between the genetic liability for TSH, TPO, or Tg and the risk of either T1D or T2D.
Shifting the paradigm of type 1 diabetes: a narrative review of disease-modifying therapies
Authors: O’Donovan Alexander J. , Gorelik Seth , Nally Laura M.
Published: November 2024

A new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) may be accompanied by numerous lifelong financial, emotional, and physical challenges, thus advancements in therapies that can delay the onset of clinical disease are crucial. T1D is an autoimmune condition involving destruction of pancreatic beta cells leading to insulin deficiency, hyperglycemia, and long-term insulin dependence. The pathogenesis of T1D is classified into stages, with the first signal being the detection of autoantibodies without any glycemic changes. In the second stage, dysglycemia develops without symptoms, and in stage 3, symptoms of hyperglycemia become apparent, and at this time a clinical diagnosis of T1D is made. As a greater understanding of these stages of T1D have evolved, research efforts have been devoted to delaying the onset of clinical disease. To date, only one medication, teplizumab, has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of stage 2 T1D. This narrative review present published trials and ongoing research on disease modifying therapies (DMT) in T1D, the mechanisms of action for each therapy, and the stages of T1D that these interventions are being studied.
Multi-objective planning of distribution network based on distributionally robust model predictive control
Authors: Li Yudun , Li Kuan , Fan Rongqi , Chen Jiajia , Zhao Yanlei
Published: November 2024

The uncoordinated integration of numerous distributed resources poses significant challenges to the safe and stable operation of distribution networks. To address the uncertainties associated with the intermittent output of distributed power sources, we propose a multi-objective planning strategy for distribution networks based on distributionally robust model predictive control (MPC). Initially, an error fuzzy set is established on a Wasserstein sphere using historical data to enhance out-of-sample performance. Next, a multi-objective optimization framework is constructed, balancing returns and risks, and is subsequently converted into a single-objective solution using value-at-risk conditions. This is followed by the implementation of multi-step rolling optimization within the model predictive control framework. We have linearized the proposed model using the linearized power flow method and conducted a thorough validation on an enhanced IEEE 37-node test system. Distributionally robust optimization (DRO) has been shown to reduce costs by a significant 29.16% when compared to an RO method. Moreover, the energy storage capacity required has been notably reduced by 33.33% on the 29-node system and by 20% on the 35-node system. These quantified results not only demonstrate the substantial economic efficiency gains but also the enhanced robustness of our proposed planning under the uncertainties associated with renewable energy integration.
Case report: Infectious mononucleosis with bilateral retinal haemorrhages under myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease
Authors: Li Yuyu , Sun Mingming , Wei Shihui , Xu Quangang , Zhou Huanfen
Published: November 2024

Background

Bilateral optic neuritis associated with optic disc swelling is a common feature of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). However, extensive deep retinal haemorrhages have not been described in the context of MOG-associated optic neuritis. Here, we report a case of infectious mononucleosis with marked binocular peripapillary and perivascular haemorrhages as well as extensive deep retinal haemorrhages in the presence of MOGAD.

Case report

A 39-year-old Chinese woman presenting with subacute binocular vision reduction with no light perception was diagnosed with MOGAD. Fundus examination revealed the presence of binocular peripapillary and perivascular haemorrhages as well as extensive deep retinal haemorrhages with severe optic disc swelling greater in the right eye than in the left and dilated and tortuous retinal venules. The patient tested positive for the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) antigen (595 U/mL) and the EBV capsid antigen (>750 U/mL). She had a fever and right upper quadrant abdominal pain, and a doctor determined splenomegaly 1 week before the onset of orbital pain and decreased vision acuity. Medical history and laboratory tests indicated the presence of concurrent infectious mononucleosis. Other investigational indicators of retinal haemorrhages, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, vascular disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, metabolic disease, and renal or liver dysfunction, were absent.

Discussion

This case suggests that retinal haemorrhage is a possible complication of infectious mononucleosis in the presence of MOGAD.
Neoantigen prioritization based on antigen processing and presentation
Authors: Tokita Serina , Kanaseki Takayuki , Torigoe Toshihiko
Published: November 2024

Somatic mutations in tumor cells give rise to mutant proteins, fragments of which are often presented by MHC and serve as neoantigens. Neoantigens are tumor-specific and not expressed in healthy tissues, making them attractive targets for T-cell-based cancer immunotherapy. On the other hand, since most somatic mutations differ from patient to patient, neoantigen-targeted immunotherapy is personalized medicine and requires their identification in each patient. Computational algorithms and machine learning methods have been developed to prioritize neoantigen candidates. In fact, since the number of clinically relevant neoantigens present in a patient is generally limited, this process is like finding a needle in a haystack. Nevertheless, MHC presentation of neoantigens is not random but follows certain rules, and the efficiency of neoantigen detection may be further improved with technological innovations. In this review, we discuss current approaches to the detection of clinically relevant neoantigens, with a focus on antigen processing and presentation.
The role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the occurrence and development of periodontitis
Authors: Wu Lingzhi , Li Xiting , Li Jinyu , Wang Yan , Yang Canyu , Zhao Chuanjiang , Gao Li
Published: November 2024

Periodontitis is a condition characterized by dysbiosis of microbiota and compromised host immunological responses, resulting in the degradation of periodontal tissues. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. AHR serves as a pivotal mediator for the adverse impacts of exogenous pollutants on oral health. Research indicates elevated expression of AHR in individuals with periodontitis compared to those without the condition. However, subsequent to the identification of endogenous AHR ligands, researches have elucidated numerous significant advantageous roles associated with AHR activation in bone, immune, and epithelial cells. This review concentrates on the modulation of the AHR pathway and the intricate functions that AHR plays in periodontitis. It discusses the characteristics of AHR ligands, detailing the established physiological functions in maintaining alveolar bone equilibrium, regulating immunity, facilitating interactions between the oral microbiome and host, and providing protection to epithelial tissues, while also exploring its potential roles in systemic disorders related to periodontitis.
Development and validation of a risk prediction model for postpartum urinary incontinence in primiparas with singleton pregnancies: a multicenter clinical investigation
Authors: Huang Xiaofeng , Qin Huangna , Kong Lin , Xia Hongwei , Lan Lixiang , Long Junqing
Published: November 2024

Background

Postpartum urinary incontinence (UI) is a serious condition that significantly affects the quality of life. Several studies have demonstrated that it is associated with pelvic floor dysfunction. This study aimed to develop and validate a UI risk prediction model to identify primiparas with singleton pregnancies at high risk.

Methods

A multistage stratified random sampling process was used. UI was measured using the International Standard Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Form (a modified Bristol questionnaire, ICIQ-FLUTS). Records of 1,340 primiparas with singleton pregnancies were reviewed, and data were collected from January 2014 to December 2014 in multiple centers. A univariate logistic regression analysis was performed, followed by a multivariable logistic regression analysis of the data. Using bootstrap resampling, we constructed a nomogram to assess postpartum UI risk.

Results

A total of 1,340 patients were enrolled, including 345 with postpartum UI and 995 with non-postpartum UI. The occurrence of postpartum UI was significantly related to the mode of delivery, family history of UI, coffee or tea consumption, antenatal UI, and frequent cough. The nomogram exhibited good discriminatory ability with a C-index of 0.718 (95% confidence interval: 0.684–0.752) and a bootstrap-corrected C-index of 0.716. Additionally, the calibration curve demonstrated that the predicted outcomes aligned well with the actual observations. Ultimately, the decision curve analysis indicated that the nomogram exhibited favorable clinical applicability.

Conclusion

The decision curve analysis suggests that the nomogram could provide clinical value. The clinician will then feel more confident about making clinical recommendations regarding postpartum UI screening for primiparous women with singleton pregnancies.
Exploring the relationship between cathepsin and age-related macular degeneration using Mendelian randomization
Authors: Wang Qiuyuan , Cai Shanjun
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of low vision and even blindness in the elderly population worldwide. However, no studies have been conducted to analyze the causal relationship between the cathepsin family and AMD. The present study aimed to explore and analyze this potential association using Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods

In this study, AMD was classified into two types: exudative AMD and atrophic AMD. Inverse-variance weighting (IVW) was used as the main analysis method. The association between nine cathepsins and the two classifications of AMD were analyzed using multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR). Sensitivity analysis included Cochran’s Q-test and the MR-Egger intercept test.

Results

Two-sample MR analysis showed that higher levels of cathepsin L2 were associated with a delay in the development of atrophic AMD (IVW: p = 0.017; OR = 0.885; 95% CI = 0.799–0.979). Reverse MR analysis indicated that cathepsin E levels were increased in individuals with atrophic (IVW: p = 0.023; OR = 1.058; 95% CI = 1.007–1.111) and exudative AMD (IVW: p = 0.018; OR = 1.061; 95% CI 1 = 1.010–1.115). MVMR analysis indicated a causal relationship between cathepsin G (IVW: p = 0.025; OR = 1.124; 95% CI = 1.014–1.245), cathepsin O (IVW: p = 0.043, OR = 1.158, 95% CI = 1.004–1.336), and exudative AMD after coordinating for other types of cathepsin.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated a potential link between the cathepsin family and the onset of AMD. Elevated serum concentrations of cathepsin L2 may serve as a protective factor for atrophic AMD, while increased levels of serum cathepsin G and O concentrations may promote the development of exudative AMD. Besides, the development of AMD may be associated with elevated serum concentrations of cathepsin E.
Added value of pre-procedural magnetic resonance angiography in transarterial embolization for refractory musculoskeletal pain
Authors: Pan Chiao-Yun , Liang Keng-Wei , Chen Ting-Rong , Wang Chien-Kuo , Liao Wen-Ying , Lu Ying-Hung , Hsiung Yi-Cheng , Liu Yi-Sheng , Wang Bow
Published: November 2024

Background

Transarterial microembolization (TAME) is a minimally invasive treatment for chronic musculoskeletal disorders. Identifying angiogenesis and the supplying vessels of the target joint is important but challenging. Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is commonly used to diagnose musculoskeletal diseases, it typically excludes vascular imaging. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (DCE-MRA) has the ability to visualize lesion angiogenesis, identify supplying vessels, and evaluate the vasculature anatomy. We propose that incorporating DCE-MRA into pre-procedural assessments can help identify the culprit vessels, arterial anatomy, and variant assessment of the target joint before TAME.

Materials and methods

We investigated six cases, each presenting pain in different body parts: shoulder adhesive capsulitis, trapezius myalgia, combined tennis and golf elbow, knee osteoarthritis, refractory knee pain after osteotomy, and plantar fasciitis. All patients underwent MRI with DCE-MRA before undergoing TAME. DCE-MRA was performed using either 1.5 T or 3 T MRI scanners, employing 3D-TRICKS or 4D-TRAK XD techniques. The numerical rating scale for pain was evaluated at one, three, and six months after the procedure, and any adverse events were recorded over the entire six-month follow-up period.

Results

Pre-procedural DCE-MRA helped to visualize angiogenesis at the lesion site in all patients and identify the supplying vessels, arterial vasculature anatomy, and branching variants. These findings corroborated the subsequent digital subtraction angiography (DSA) findings obtained during TAME. All patients experienced pain reduction and functional improvement after TAME without any complications. The average pain score reduced significantly after TAME treatment (p < 0.05). Two patients underwent a second MRI and DCE-MRA at the six-month follow-up and showed a significant reduction in angiogenesis.

Conclusion

DCE-MRA offers a valuable pre-procedural assessment tool for TAME procedures by facilitating the visualization of angiogenesis at the lesion site, supplying vessels, and arterial anatomic variants, including the variable orifice of the supplying branches. This information can potentially improve patient selection and pre-procedural planning, leading to better outcomes and reduced risk of complications.
Effects of clear corneal incision location and morphology on corneal surgically induced astigmatism and higher-order aberrations after ICL V4c implantation
Authors: Wang Jun , He Xiaoying , He Qin , Han Jin , Yang Zixuan , Wang Xuze , Han Wei
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the effects of clear corneal incision (CCI) location and morphology on corneal surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) and higher-order aberrations (HOAs) in patients receiving implantable collamer lens (ICL V4c) implantation.

Methods

This retrospective study classified right eyes that underwent ICL implantation into two groups based on temporal or superior CCI. The Pentacam HR analyzer was used to measure the corneal astigmatism and HOAs. Analysis of the clear corneal incision (CCI) morphology, including incision width (Angle-W), incision length (IL), incision angles (Angle-En/Ex), and distance from the incision to corneal apex (Dis-En/Ex), was conducted using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

Results

There were 75 eyes in the temporal CCI group and 47 eyes in the superior CCI group. Both groups showed satisfactory safety and efficacy postoperatively. In the temporal CCI group, Dis-En and Dis-Ex were considerably longer, whereas the superior CCI group displayed a significantly wider Angle-W. The anterior and posterior corneal SIA were comparable in both groups. Anterior corneal SIA was significantly correlated to Dis-En and Dis-Ex in the superior CCI group. Superior CCI caused a notable rise in corneal Z (3, 3), while temporal CCI led to increased Z (3, 1). CCI morphology was correlated to corneal Z (4, −4) and Z (4, 4) in the superior CCI group.

Conclusion

CCI locations caused slight variations in postoperative corneal SIA and HOAs following ICL implantation. Optimal postoperative visual outcomes may be better achieved with a CCI design featuring an increased distance from the corneal centroid and a decreased Angle-W.
Two new species and three new records of Diachea (Physarales) from China based on morphological and molecular evidence
Authors: Li Xuefei , Dai Dan , Tuo Yonglan , Li You , Hu Jiajun , Sossah Frederick Leo , Zhang Bo , Li Xiao , Li Yu
Published: November 2024

Diachea is an important genus of myxomycetes, recognized for its ecological role and wide distribution. This study aimed to expand knowledge of species diversity within this genus in China. We collected Diachea specimens from various locations in Shaanxi and Sichuan provinces and characterized them through morphological analysis and phylogenetic analysis using four genetic markers: small subunit ribosomal RNA (nSSU), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1α), mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU), and alpha-tubulin gene (α-Tub). Based on these analyses, we describe two new species, namely, Diachea plectophylla and D. sichuanensis, discovered in the Shaanxi and Sichuan provinces, respectively. Diachea plectophylla is distinguished by its dense, rigid capillitium, spore warts, and distinct separation of capillitium ends from the peridium. Diachea sichuanensis, closely related to D. leucopodia, is identified by its blunt-headed columella, clustered spore warts, and robust stalks. In addition to these new species, we recorded five previously documented species, including D. bulbillosa in Gansu province, D. leucopodia in Yunnan and Sichuan provinces, and D. subsessilis in Sichuan province. Detailed descriptions, micrographs, taxonomic comparisons, and an identification key are provided to aid in accurate identification. The discovery of these new species not only enhances the known diversity of slime molds in the region but also provides valuable information for future studies on their geographical distribution and ecological relationships.
A transformer-based deep learning model for identifying the occurrence of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis and predicting blood culture results
Authors: Xia Yingtu , Kang Qiang , Gao Yi , Su Jiuhui
Published: November 2024

Background

Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis is the most common form of osteomyelitis in children. In recent years, the incidence of osteomyelitis has been steadily increasing. For pediatric patients, clearly describing their symptoms can be quite challenging, which often necessitates the use of complex diagnostic methods, such as radiology. For those who have been diagnosed, the ability to culture the pathogenic bacteria significantly affects their treatment plan.

Method

A total of 634 patients under the age of 18 were included, and the correlation between laboratory indicators and osteomyelitis, as well as several diagnoses often confused with osteomyelitis, was analyzed. Based on this, a Transformer-based deep learning model was developed to identify osteomyelitis patients. Subsequently, the correlation between laboratory indicators and the length of hospital stay for osteomyelitis patients was examined. Finally, the correlation between the successful cultivation of pathogenic bacteria and laboratory indicators in osteomyelitis patients was analyzed, and a deep learning model was established for prediction.

Result

The laboratory indicators of patients are correlated with the presence of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis, and the deep learning model developed based on this correlation can effectively identify patients with acute hematogenous osteomyelitis. The laboratory indicators of patients with acute hematogenous osteomyelitis can partially reflect their length of hospital stay. Although most laboratory indicators lack a direct correlation with the ability to culture pathogenic bacteria in patients with acute hematogenous osteomyelitis, our model can still predict whether the bacteria can be successfully cultured.

Conclusion

Laboratory indicators, as easily accessible medical information, can identify osteomyelitis in pediatric patients. They can also predict whether pathogenic bacteria can be successfully cultured, regardless of whether the patient has received antibiotics beforehand. This not only simplifies the diagnostic process for pediatricians but also provides a basis for deciding whether to use empirical antibiotic therapy or discontinue treatment for blood cultures.
Clinical and cognitive features associated with psychosis in Parkinson's disease: a longitudinal study
Authors: Flanigan Joseph L. , Harrison Madaline B. , Patrie James T. , Shah Binit B. , Sperling Scott A. , Wyman-Chick Kathryn A. , Dalrymple William Alex , Barrett Matthew J.
Published: November 2024

Background

Parkinson's disease psychosis (PDPsy) is associated with increased nursing home placement and mortality and is closely linked with cognitive dysfunction.

Objective

Assess the clinical and cognitive features associated with PDPsy in patients without dementia.

Methods

We prospectively recruited people with Parkinson's disease (PwP) without dementia for a 3-year, longitudinal study at an outpatient movement disorders clinic. Participants completed annual visits involving assessment of motor and non-motor symptoms including neuropsychological testing. PDPsy was defined as the recurring presence of visual illusions, sense of presence, hallucinations, or delusions for at least 1 month. Using generalized estimating equations, we conducted two sets of analyses to separately assess the clinical and the cognitive predictors of PDPsy.

Results

We enrolled 105 participants. At baseline, mean age was 67.8 (SD = 8.0), median disease duration was 4.9 years (IQR: 3.4–7.7), and mean MoCA was 24.8 (SD = 2.3). Prevalence of PDPsy increased over 3 years from 31% (n = 32) to 39% (n = 26). Forty-five participants (43%) experienced PDPsy. Visual illusions were most common (70%, n = 84), followed by hallucinations (58.3%, n = 70). In multivariate analysis, of the clinical variables, only depressive symptoms [OR 1.09, 95% CI: (1.03, 1.16), p = 0.004] increased the odds of PDPsy; of the cognitive variables, only Trail Making Test B-A scores [OR 1.43, 95% CI: (1.06, 1.93), p = 0.018] significantly increased the odds of PDPsy.

Conclusions

In PwP without dementia, depressive symptoms were associated with increased risk of PDPsy. Executive/attentional dysfunction was also associated with PDPsy and may mark the transition from isolated minor hallucinations to more complex psychotic symptoms.