bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geometric Analysis of Voids in the FRW Spacetime
Authors: Laforet Christopher
Published: December 2024

We show that the cosmological model of the Universe can be described as an FRW Universe interspersed with spherical voids described by the interior Schwarzschild metric. The voids cannot be described using the Minkowski metric because the Universe has a past horizon (the Big Bang) and given that the Minkowski metric has no such horizon, we conclude that the geometry of the voids must be described by the interior Schwarzschild metric. The model is compared to observational cosmological data and is shown to fit observation as an explanation of the accelerated expansion of our Universe without the need for a Cosmological constant.
The Economic Burden of Alopecia Areata in Romania
Authors: Strilciuc Stefan , Olteanu Rodica , Lăpădatu Rozalina , Grad Diana-Alecsandra , Vlădescu Cristian , Nicolescu Alin Codruț
Published: December 2024

Background
Alopecia areata is a skin disease that affects patients’ quality of life and social participation and it exerts an economic burden of patients and implicitly their family. To date, this is the first study to quantify the economic burden of alopecia areata for both pediatric and adult patients.
Objective
This cost of illness study seeks to quantify the economic burden of alopecia areata for patients aged <20 years and 20+ years for both mild and severe forms of alopecia areata using retrospective and prospective data sources, both incidence and prevalence-based approaches. This cost of illness study is mixed as it employs both top-down and bottom-up approaches.
Results
The results of this cost of illness study show that for adults, for both prevalence and incidence-based approach, the highest costs are the direct costs attributable to medical services and associated costs, and the indirect costs due to work absenteeism. Regarding the pediatric population segment, the highest costs were due to treatment, associated expenses and productivity costs inquired by caregivers.
Conclusion
This is the first study to quantify the burden of alopecia areata in Romania, for both pediatric and adult patients. Our study highlights that out-of-pocket costs pose an immense burden on patients and their caregivers. Our estimations emphasize that patients with AA should be considered when planning health services delivery and health services and medicine reimbursement.
Expanded Spectrum and Increased Incidence of Adverse Events Linked to COVID-19 Genetic Vaccines: New Concepts on Prophylactic Immuno-Gene Therapy and Iatrogenic Orphan Disease
Authors: Szebeni Janos
Published: December 2024

The mRNA- and DNA-based “genetic” COVID-19 vaccines can induce a broad range of adverse events (AEs), with statistics showing significant variation depending on timing and data analysis methods. Focusing only on lipid nanoparticle-enclosed mRNA (mRNA-LNP) vaccines, this review traces the evolution of statistical conclusions on AE prevalence and incidence associated with these vaccines, from initial underestimation of atypical, severe toxicities to recent claims suggesting the possible contribution of Covid-19 vaccinations to the excess deaths observed in many countries over the past few years. Among hundreds of different AEs listed in Pfizer’s pharmacovigilance survey, the present analysis categorizes the main symptoms according to organ systems, nearly all being affected. Using data from the US Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System and a global vaccination dataset, a comparison of the prevalence and incidence rates of AEs induced by genetic versus flu vaccines revealed an average 26-fold increase in AEs with genetic vaccines. The difference is especially pronounced in the case of severe 'Brighton-listed' AEs, which are also observed in COVID-19 and post-COVID conditions. Among these, the increases of incidence rates (AE+/ AE++AE-) relative to flu vaccines, given as x-fold rises, were 1,152x, 455x, 226x, 218x, 162x, 152x; and 131x, for myocarditis, thrombosis, death, myocardial infarction, tachycardia, dyspnea, and hypertension, respectively. The review delineates the concepts that genetic vaccines can be regarded as prophylactic immuno-gene therapies, and that the chronic disabling AEs might be categorized as iatrogenic orphan diseases. A better understanding of the mechanisms of these AEs and diseases is urgently needed to come to consensus regarding the current risk/benefit ratio of genetic COVID-19 vaccines and to ensure the safety of future products based on gene-delivery-based technologies.
A Brief History of Western Cult Furniture Design: The Chair (Part 3)
Authors: Anderson Ibar Federico , Girod Gastón
Published: December 2024

This work combines the Doctoral Thesis of Dr. Mg. Industrial Designer Ibar Federico Anderson (UNLP) called "The Argentine Belle Époque. Art, domestic architecture and furniture design applied to bourgeois interior decoration (1860-1936)", defended in 2014 at the National University of La Plata; with the Master's Thesis of the University of Palermo by the Architect Gastón Eduardo Girod (UBA) called "The construction of Argentine Creole furniture. Country chairs from San Antonio de Areco, Province of Buenos Aires, in the period 1990-2021", defended in 2023. It seeks to develop a new Theoretical Framework for what will be the Doctoral Thesis at the University of Palermo by Mg. Architect Gastón Girod; whose title is "The incorporation of traditional artisan techniques in the design of contemporary Argentine furniture, period 2000-2023".Two previous works have already been written in 2022 in co-authorship in the ArtyHum magazine. This work emphasizes the publication “The Argentine Creole chair. A study of the most relevant typologies of 'sitting' furniture (urban-rural) in the Argentine Republic” (ArtyHum No. 84).
Measurement Uncertainty in the Totalisation of Quantity and Energy Measurement in Gas Grids
Authors: Veen Adriaan M. H. van der , Folgerø Kjetil , Gugole Federica
Published: December 2024

The total quantity and energy delivered through a gas grid is calculated using simple formulas that sum the increments measured at regular time intervals. These calculations are described in international standards (e.g., ISO 15112 and EN 1776) and guidelines (e.g., OIML R140). Currently, in the evaluation of the associated measurement uncertainty, the measurement results that enter into the calculation are assumed to be mutually independent. This assumption leads to underrating of the measurement uncertainty. There is a growing concern among transmission and distribution system operators that this assumption and the obtained values for the measurement uncertainty are not fit for purpose when fluctuations in gas quantity and quality increase, which occurs when injecting renewable energy gases such as hydrogen and biomethane. In a project in the European Partnership for Metrology programme, "Metrology for the hydrogen supply chain", the underlying assumptions of these uncertainty evaluations are revisited and reworked to be more adequate. The dependence of measurement results coming from, e.g., the same flow meter and gas chromatograph will be assessed for correlations, as well as other effects, such as the effect of the chosen mathematical approximation of the totalisation integral, and fluctuations in flow rate and gas quality. % The poster presentation gives an impression of the models being developed, the first findings and the magnitudes of the effects concerned. In this paper, an outline is given for the improvements that can be made in the measurement models to make them more responsive to the error structure of the measurement data, temporal effects in these data, and the fluctuations in gas quality and gas quantity.
Practical Guidelines for Performing Uav Photogrammetry Flights
Authors: Maes Wouter H.
Published: December 2024

Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have transformed remote sensing, offering unparalleled flexibility and spatial resolution across diverse applications. Many of these applications rely on mapping flights using snapshot imaging sensors like RGB, multispectral, hyperspectral and thermal cameras. Based on a thorough literature review, this paper provides comprehensive guidelines for executing such mapping flights. It addresses critical aspects of flight preparation and flight execution. Key considerations in flight preparation covered include sensor selection, flight altitude and GSD, flight speed, overlap settings, flight pattern, direction and viewing angle; covered considerations in flight execution include on-site preparations (GCPs, camera settings, sensor calibration and reference targets) as well as on-site conditions (weather conditions, time of the flights) to take into account. In all these steps, high-resolution and high-quality data acquisition needs to be balanced with feasibility constraints such as flight time, data volume and post-flight processing time. The formulated guidelines are based on literature consensus. However, the paper also identifies knowledge gaps for mapping flight settings, particularly in flight direction and for thermal imaging in general. The article aims to advance the harmonization of UAV mapping practices, promoting reproducibility and enhanced data quality across diverse applications.
Carbon Emissions from Food Consumption and Reduction Potential in Urban Residents: A Case Study of Provincial Capitals in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yellow River
Authors: Li Guomin , Fu Hao , Li Wei , Tan ShiZheng , Xie Wenjie , Zhao Changjie , Wang Yaqi
Published: December 2024

Existing studies have established reliable methods for estimating carbon emissions from food consumption, yet there remains a lack of quantitative analysis on the decarbonization effects of energy transition and resource recycling. This study integrates life cycle analysis and scenario analysis, based on data from 2006 to 2020, to conduct an empirical investigation of four provincial capital cities (Zhengzhou, Xi'an, Jinan, and Taiyuan) in the lower and middle reaches of the Yellow River. The study explores the potential for carbon reduction in food consumption and examines the driving effects of energy transition and resource recycling. The results indicate that: (1) Per capita carbon emissions from food consumption decreased after 2016.; (2) Incineration power generation has a significantly higher carbon reduction effect than landfilling. The proportion of carbon emissions from food waste disposal decreases from 20% to around 6%, with the decarbonization potential of recycling transformation being 8.8%, 8.3%, 11.5%, and 14.4%, respectively. The findings suggest that promoting the widespread adoption of new energy vehicles, increasing the share of renewable energy in power generation, optimizing food recycling technologies, and reducing food waste are crucial for achieving future carbon reductions in urban food consumption.
Caryophylli Cortex Suppress PD-L1 Expression in Cancer Cells and Potentiates Anti-Tumor Immunity in a Humanized PD-1/PD-L1 Knock-In MC-38 Colon Cancer Mouse Model
Authors: Kim Aeyung , Lee Eun-Ji , Han Jung Ho , Chung Hwan-Suck
Published: December 2024

Immune checkpoints are essential for regulating excessive autoimmune responses and maintaining immune homeostasis. However, in the tumor microenvironment, these checkpoints can lead to cytotoxic T cell exhaustion, allowing cancer cells to evade immune surveillance and promote tumor progression. The expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in cancer cells is associated with poor prognoses, reduced survival rates, and lower responses to therapies. Consequently, downregulating PD-L1 expression has become a key strategy in developing immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Caryophylli cortex (CC), derived from the bark of the clove tree Syzygium aromaticum, possesses antioxidant and cytotoxic properties against cancer cells, yet its potential as an ICI remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated whether CC extract modulates PD-L1 expression in cancer cells and assessed its ability to activate T cell immunity in both in vitro co-culture and in vivo animal models. The results indicated that CC extract significantly downregulated both constitutive and inducible PD-L1 expression at non-toxic concentrations for cancer cells while enhancing cancer cell mortality and T cell activity in co-culture. Additionally, administering CC extract to hPD-L1/MC-38 tumor-bearing mice resulted in over a 70% reduction in tumor growth and increased CD8+ T cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. Principal component analysis identified bergenin, chlorogenic acid, and ellagic acid as active ICIs. These findings suggest that CC extract exerts a potent antitumor effect as an immune checkpoint blocker by inhibiting PD-L1 expression in cancer cells and disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction.
Multi-Year Assessment of Wheat Quality Parameters and Climatic Interactions: Implications for the Commodity Market
Authors: Okur Yasemin , Onel Selis
Published: December 2024

Real-time, rapid, and accurate evaluation of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) quality is crucial for ensuring nutritional content, informing fair pricing in commodity markets, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices. This study investigated the inter-cultivar and inter-annual variations in quality parameters of winter bread wheat from local farmers in Central Anatolia. 162 samples from 24 cultivars, harvested across four years with distinct climatic conditions between 2014-2017, were analyzed for analytical (total protein content, wet gluten content, sedimentation volume) and physical quality parameters (hectoliter weight, Hunter color parameters, kernel dimensions, weight, volume, and density). Grain size and color were found to be unreliable indicators of protein content, with significant variations within color groups. Cultivar-specific differences were evident in protein content, gluten content, and sedimentation volume, highlighting the genetic influence on grain quality. Inter-annual variability in quality parameters was primarily driven by total rainfall during grain filling, affecting starch accumulation and grain size. Interestingly, the ratio of gluten to total protein remained relatively stable across different climatic conditions. These findings emphasize the importance of considering both cultivar-specific characteristics and environmental factors in wheat quality evaluation. Limitations of current methods necessitate the development of rapid and simultaneous multi-property measurement approaches for efficient wheat analysis.
The Metabolism of a Hydroelectric Reservoir Subject to Anthropic Action: A Case Study in Central Brazil
Authors: Ribas José Roberto , Arce Elena , Agregán Pérez Pablo , Devesa-Rey Rosa , Fernández-González Raquel
Published: December 2024

The analysis of aquatic metabolism allows making inferences from an ecological point of view on the behavior of lakes and reservoirs because of the contribution of organic matter and nutrients to the hydrographic basin. Such anthropic action in the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem around Brazilian hydroelectric power plants is caused by organic matter and nutrients released into the reservoirs from fertilizers used in agriculture, domestic sewage, and livestock waste. Based on the fundamental concepts of hydro-biogeochemical processes, we propose a qualitative model using the causal loop diagrams tool to study the behavior patterns of a hydroelectric reservoir under constant influence of polluting loads from different sources in its contribution basin. The model was created to identify the systemic patterns that contribute to the impacts observed in the oper-ation of the plant because of the quality of the water in the reservoir. We performed a case study of the reservoir of the Corumba IV hydroelectric plant, located in the Brazilian central region. Po-tential leverage points of the system for which intervention is recommended were mapped, giv-ing insights into ways to mitigate some of the impacts identified.
Gait Training with Virtual Reality-Based Real-Time Feedback for Chronic Stroke Patients: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kim Sunmin , Lee Yangjin , Kim Kyunghun
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of gait training with virtual reality-based real-time feedback on motor function, balance, and spatiotemporal gait parameters in poststroke patients. OBJECTIVE: Fifteen patients(n=15) with chronic stroke were randomized assigned to either the virtual reality-based real-time feedback with treadmill gait training (experimental group n=8) or the treadmill gait training (control group n=7). METHODS: The experimental group participated a treadmill, an Oculus Rift VR device, and smart insoles were used for gait training with VR-based real-time feedback. Regarding gait training with VR-based real-time feedback, the patient wore an Oculus Rift and performed gait training on a treadmill for 30mins a day, three times a week, for 5 weeks. The control group participated in treadmill gait training for 30mins a day, three times a week, for 5 weeks. Motor function was measured using the Fugl-myear assessment. Balance was measured using the timed up and go test and berg balance scale. Gait performance was measured using an Optogait. RESULT: In group analyses both groups showed significant improvements in motor function balance, gait ability and gait. According to the pre- and post-treatment results, greater improvement on the Fugl-myear assessment (experimental group: 4.75 vs. control group: 1.57) was observed in the experimental group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). In the balance ability, greater improvement on the timed up and go test (experimental group: -3.10 vs. control group: -1.12) and berg balance scale (experimental group: 3.00 vs. control group: 1.71) (P < 0.05). In the spatiotemporal gait parameters, greater improvement on affected step length (5.35 vs 2.01), stride length (3.86 vs 1.75), affected single support (2.61 vs 1.22), and cadence (0.07 vs. 0.02) was observed in the experimental group compared with the control group (P < 0.05) CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated the positive effects of the virtual reality-based real-time feedback with treadmill gait training on motor function, balance and gait performance. Our findings may have the virtual reality-based real-time feedback with treadmill gait training to enhance gait performance in chronic stroke patients.
Hierarchical Resource Management for Mega LEO Satellite Constellation
Authors: Gou Liang , Bian Dongming , Nie Yulei , Zhang Gengxin , Zhou Hongwei , Shi Yulin , Zhang Lei
Published: December 2024

The Mega Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellation is pivotal for the future of satellite
Internet and 6G networks. In the Mega LEO Satellite Constellation System (MLSCS), the spatial
distribution of satellites, global users, and their services, along with the utilization of global spectrum
resources, significantly impacts resource allocation and scheduling. This paper addresses the challenge of effectively allocating system resources based on service and resource distribution, particularly in hotspot areas where user demand is concentrated, to enhance resource utilization efficiency. We propose a novel three-layer management architecture designed to implement scheduling strategies and alleviate the processing burden on the terrestrial Network Control Center (NCC), while providing real-time scheduling capabilities to adapt to rapid changes in network topology, resource distribution, and service requirements. The three layers of the resource management architecture—NCC, Space Base Station (SBS), and User Terminal (UT)—are discussed in detail, along with the functions and responsibilities of each layer. Additionally, we explore various resource scheduling strategies, approaches, and algorithms, including spectrum cognition, interference coordination, beam scheduling, multi-satellite collaboration, and random access. Simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches and algorithms, indicating significant improvements in resource management within the MLSCS.
Deformations of Reinforced with Unidirectional Carbon Fiber Yarns Polysulfone Under Long-Term and Cyclic Loads
Authors: Stepashkin Andrey A. , Olifirov Leonid , Mohammad Hussam , Makarova Elena D. , Tcherdyntsev Victor
Published: December 2024

The deformation features of a thermoplastic matrix under long-term and cyclic loads have not yet received the necessary broad coverage. The evolution of deformations and accumulation of tensile damage in polysulfone reinforced with unidirectional high-strength and high-modulus carbon fiber threads under long-term and cyclic loads are studied. Composites were prepared by im-pregnating carbon fibers with a polysulfone solution and then removing the solvent. Stress re-laxation, creep, and low-cycle fatigue, as well as the structure and nature of damage to materials under load, are studied. The dependence of the effective modulus of elasticity on the maximum applied stresses is studied. It is shown that in composite materials with a thermoplastic matrix, the tensile diagrams are nonlinear, and the effective modulus of elasticity increases with increasing stress. Poisson's ratio at the initial moment is close to those for the pure polymer and is about 0.40, whereas with increasing stress this value decreases to 0.19-0.22. Video processing of sample de-formation in combination with scanning electron microscopy allows us to evaluate local features of deformation processes in carbon fibers and identify the main patterns of damage accumulation processes under long-term and cyclic loads.
An Assessment of the Broadcast Media Campaign Against Gender Based Violence in Benin City: A Study of Selected Radio Stations
Authors: Okonkwo Peter , Umuerri Alex
Published: December 2024

This study assessed the effectiveness of the broadcast media campaign against gender-based violence in Benin City, focusing on radio stations as the primary medium of dissemination. Gender based violence remains a significant concern in many societies, including Benin City, and media campaigns have been recognized as crucial tools for raising awareness and promoting behavioural change. This study assessed the impact of the radio campaign on public knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours related to gender based violence. The research adopted a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews. The surveys gathered data on participants' exposure to the campaign, knowledge about gender based violence, attitudes towards survivors, and intentions to take action. The interviews provided in-depth insight into participants' perceptions of the campaign and its effectiveness. The findings will contribute to understanding the role of radio stations in combating gender based violence and inform the design of future media campaigns. The research outcomes have the potential to inform policymakers, broadcasters, and activists working to address gender based violence in Benin City, facilitating evidence-based strategies for preventing and addressing this pervasive social issue.
Discovery of Non-peptide GLP-1 Positive Allosteric Modulators from Natural Products: Virtual Screening, Molecular Dynamics, ADMET Profiling, Repurposing and Chemical Scaffolds identification
Authors: Gomaa Mohamed S. , Alturki Mansour S. , Tawfeeq Nada , Hussein Dania A. , Pottoo Faheem H. , Al Khzem Abdulaziz H. , Sarafroz Mohammad , Abubshait Samar
Published: December 2024

Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor is currently one of the most explored targets exploited for the management of diabetes and obesity, with many aspects of its mechanisms behind cardiovascular protection yet to be fully elucidated. Currently available therapy is limited to parenteral GLP-1 agonists with the demand for orally compatible formulations growing. Research dedicated towards the development of oral GLP-1 therapy and non-peptide ligands with broader clinical applications is crucial towards unveiling the full therapeutic capacity of this potent class of medicines. This study describes the virtual screening of a natural product database consisting of 695,133 compounds for positive GLP-1 allosteric modulation. The database, obtained from the Coconut website was filtered according to a set of physicochemical descriptors, and the quantitative estimation of drug likeness (QED) index. The resulting database which consisted of 158,523 compounds, was shape screened against the crystal ligand conformation and was filtered using a shape similarity (SS) score threshold of 0.3. This resulted in a final database of 26,325 compounds that was used for virtual screening against the GLP-1 allosteric site using three docking stages including high throughput virtual screening (HTVS), standard precision (SP), and extra precision (XP) docking. The results identified ten best hits with XP score ranging from -9.6 to -7.6 and MM-GBSA scores ranging from -50.8 to -32.4. The initial SP and XP shortlists were further subjected to docking pose filtration according to a set of criteria based on the crystal structure binding requirements. The resulting 58 hits were redocked using XP docking and their MM-GBSA were calculated and were found to be in the range of -7.4 to -3.7 and -52.77 to -13.02 for XP scores and MM-GBSA respectively. Molecular dynamics was performed on selected hits to verify binding stability within the GLP-1 allosteric binding pocket. The analysis of results identified hits from various natural products (NP) classes notably Sesquiterpenoids, Coumarins, and Phenylpropanoids, to whom attributed antidiabetic and anti-obesity effects have been previously reported. The results also pointed to unexpected compounds including β-lactam antibiotics including Valclavam, Cyclothiocurvularin B, Azidocillin, Ampicillin, Metampicillin, and Timocillin that may be evaluated in drug repurposing studies for off-target effects. The calculated ADMET properties for those hits revealed suitable profiles for further development in terms of bioavailability and toxicity. The structure analysis of the 68 hits revealed common structural scaffolds including peptidomimetics, lactams, coumarins, and sulfonamides with peptidomimetics being the most prominent especially in indole and coumarin cores.
Interstitial Lung Disease Associated with Anti-Ku Antibodies: A Case Series of 19 Patients
Authors: Petitgrand Laure , Ahmad Kaïs , Gamondès Delphine , Diesler Rémi , Fabien Nicole , Gallay Laure , Fort Romain , Traclet Julie , Lestelle François , Chapurlat Roland , Confavreux Cyrille B. , Durupt Stéphane , Turquier Ségolène , Si-Mohamed Salim Aymeric , Coutant Frédéric , Cottin Vincent
Published: December 2024

Background. Antibodies against Ku have been described in patients with various connective tissue diseases. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical, functional and imaging characteristics of interstitial lung disease in patients with anti-Ku antibodies.
Methods. This single-center, retrospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary referral institution. Patients with positive anti-Ku antibodies and interstitial lung disease, identified between 2007 and 2022 were included. Clinical, immunological, functional, and imaging data were systematically reviewed.
Results. Nineteen patients (10 females) with a mean age of 59 ± 12.6 years were included. The most frequent associated diagnosis was systemic sclerosis (42%), followed by rheumatoid arthritis (26%), Sjögren syndrome, undifferentiated connective tissue disease, and overlap between systemic sclerosis and idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (scleromyositis). Imaging revealed frequent septal and intralobular reticulations, and ground-glass opacities, with nonspecific interstitial pneumonia as the predominant pattern (53%). The mean forced vital capacity was 82% ± 26 of the predicted value, and the mean diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide was 55% ± 21. Over the first year of follow-up, the mean annual forced vital capacity decline was 140 mL/year (range: 0–1610 mL/year). The overall survival rate was 82% at 5 years and 67% at 10 years.
Conclusion. Most patients with interstitial lung disease and anti-Ku antibodies presented with autoimmune diseases, particularly systemic sclerosis, and exhibited a CT pattern consistent with nonspecific interstitial pneumonia. These findings underscore the importance of recognizing anti-Ku antibodies as a marker for interstitial lung disease in the context of systemic autoimmune diseases.
Occupational Burnout in Nurses and Corporate Employees in Małopolska region, Poland
Authors: Nowacka Anna Leonarda , Gniadek Agnieszka , Micek Agnieszka , Świątek Paulina , Wadas Tadeusz , Wolfshaut-Wolak Renata
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Work is an important part of human life. However, high expectations from employers and customers as well as time pressure and chronic stress can lead to the development of burnout in employees of service professions.
Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to compare the prevalence of burnout syndrome in two occupational groups: corporate office workers and active nurses, and to assess the influence of socio-demographic factors on the level of burnout in both groups.
Material and methods: The study was conducted in a group of 330 people, including 126 nurses (38%) and 204 corporate employees (62%). The material was collected using a standard questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). The study was conducted from 11.2018 to 10.2019 and questionnaires were obtained by email.
Results: The results of the study showed that both corporate employees and nurses suffer from occupational burnout. Both groups showed a predominance of average and high values of emotional exhaustion - nurses 66.67% ( q2= 20.5), corporate employees 73.53% (q2=31.5), and a low and average sense of self-achievement - nurses 78.57% ( q2=32.0), corporate employees 87.75% (q2=27.0). Corporate employees showed significantly higher scores of depersonalization q2=13.50 than the surveyed nurses q2=5.0. The incidence of burnout in both groups was influenced by socio-demographic factors such as having children, place of residence, education, earnings, and factors directly related to performing one’s job (having a holiday, frequency of work shifts, work system, working overtime, and overall perceived job satisfaction).
Conclusions: Groups of service occupations, related to providing care and requiring direct interpersonal contact with clients, are at comparable risk of occupational burnout. Despite the different nature and conditions of work and the tasks performed, both corporate employees and active nurses are vulnerable to burnout. It was not confirmed that high salary could be a protective factor against occupational burnout. Moreover, in addition to individual factors, environmental factors, among others those related to working conditions, also played an important role in the development of occupational burnout syndrome.
A Study on the Antiviral Activity of Several Series of Experimental Fsp3-Enriched Saturated Heterocycles Against HSV1 and CMV In Vitro
Authors: Shtro Anna A. , Kovtun Maksim M. , Nikolaeva Yuliya V. , Razgulyaeva Daria N. , Iusupov Ildar I. , Lukyanenko Evgeny R. , Tiunov Denis A. , Zenov Fedor A. , Manasova Ekaterina V. , Kurkin Alexander V.
Published: December 2024

Background: Herpesviruses cause a variety of infections, ranging from localized inflammation to severe disease and malignancies. The current portfolio of anti-herpes drugs is limited, often accompanied by significant side effects, and prolonged use can lead to viral resistance. This study investigates the antiviral activity of newly synthesized compounds against cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV). Methods: Saturated heterocyclic compounds with annelated or spiro rings have been synthesized using either the aza-Cope–Mannich rearrangement or the alkene metathesis reaction as the key step of the transformation. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay, while antiviral activity was measured by changes in viral titer in the presence of the compounds. Results: Several promising lead compounds were identified. A time-of-addition assay indicated that the primary targets are likely viral DNA polymerase, with inhibition leading to a halt in viral protein synthesis. Conclusions: We identified two active compounds that inhibit both herpesviruses, likely targeting the viral replicative complex.
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Supplementation Alters the Metabolic Status of Holstein Cows During the Transitional Period: Application of Factor Analysis to Reveal Metabolic Intricacies
Authors: Mirzaei Ahmadreza , Asadi Behnam , Mousavi Ahmad , Hajimohammadi Ali , Nazifi Saeed , Razavi Seyed Amin
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall extract supplementation on the metabolic health of Holstein dairy cows during the transitional period, focusing on fat and protein metabolism, inflammatory status, and the interrelationships among key blood parameters. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Factor Analysis (FA), the study provided a novel approach to simplifying and understanding the complex metabolic changes occurring during this critical period. The experiment involved 26 multiparous Holstein cows randomly assigned to control and treatment groups, with blood samples collected at four sampling times: 21 and 7 days before calving, and 7 and 21 days after calving in two separate farms. The results showed that S. cerevisiae supplementation led to early and mid-term improvements in glucose metabolism, inflammatory responses, and fat metabolism, as indicated by changes in key blood parameters such as NEFA, BHBA, and SAA. However, these effects were not observed in 3rd and 4th sampling times, with no significant differences between the treatment and control groups. The findings suggest that S. cerevisiae supplementation offers potential benefits during the early transitional period 21 and 7 days before calving. This study's novel statistical approach not only enhances our understanding of the complex metabolic processes during the transitional period associated with S. cerevisiae supplementation but also provides simplicity, making these complex relationships easier to comprehend potentially improving dairy cow’s health.
The Proviral Reservoirs of HIV Infection
Authors: Murzin Andrey I. , Elfimov Kirill A. , Gashnikova Natalia M.
Published: December 2024

HIV proviral reservoirs are cells that harbour integrated HIV proviral DNA within their nuclear genomes. These cells form a heterogeneous group, represented by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), tissue-resident lymphoid and monocytic cells and glial cells of the central nervous system. The importance of studying the properties of proviral reservoirs is connected with the inaccessibility of integrated HIV proviral DNA for modern therapies that block virus reproduction. If treatment is not effective enough or is interrupted, the proviral reservoir can reactivate. Early initiation of ART improves the prognosis of the course of HIV infection, which is explained by the reduction of the proviral reservoir pool in the early stages of the disease. HIV subtype provides differences in the number of latent reservoirs among different subtypes, as determined by structural and functional differences. Unique phenotypes of HIV-infected patients, such as elite controllers, have control over viral replication and can be said to have achieved functional cure of HIV infection. Uncovering the causes of this phenomenon will bring humanity closer to curing HIV infection, potential approaches to which are CRSPR/cas9, “Shock and kill” and “Block and lock”.
Poor Nurses’ Work Environment Increases Quiet Quitting and Reduces Work Engagement: A Cross-Sectional Study in Greece
Authors: Moisoglou Ioannis , Katsiroumpa Aglaia , Katsapi Aggeliki , Konstantakopoulou Olympia , Galanis Petros
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The nursing work environment, encompassing accessible resources and established processes, might affect nurses' professional behavior. Our aim was to examine the effect of nurse work environment on quiet quitting and work engagement among nurses. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study with nurses in Greece. We used the “Practice Environment Scale-5” to measure nurse work environment, the “Quiet Quitting Scale” to measure quiet quitting, and the “Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-3” to measure work engagement among nurses. We developed multivariable regression models adjusted for gender, age, understaffed ward, shift work, and work experience. Results: After controlling for confounders, we found that lower nurse participation in hospital affairs, worse collegial nurse‐physician relationships, worse nursing foundations for quality of care, and lower levels of nurse manager ability, leadership, and support were associated with higher levels of quiet quitting among nurses. Moreover, our multivariable analysis identified a positive association between nurse manager ability, leadership, and support, collegial nurse‐physician relationships, nursing foundations for quality of care and work engagement among nurses. Conclusion: We found that poor nurses’ work environment was associated with higher levels of quiet quitting. Moreover, our findings showed that nurses work environment had a positive impact on work engagement.
Cross Section Calculations for Electron-Impact Ionization of Pyrimidine Molecule and its Halogenated Derivatives: 2-Chloropyrimidine, 5-Chloropyrimidine, 2-Bromopyrimidine and 5-Bromopyrimidine
Authors: Żywicka Bożena , Możejko Paweł
Published: December 2024

Total cross section for single electron-impact ionization of pyrimidine (C4H4N2), 2–chloropyrimidine (2-C4H3ClN2), 5–chloropyrimidine (5-C4H3ClN2), 2–bromopyrimidine (2-C4H3BrN2) and 5–bromopyrimidine (5-C4H3BrN2) molecules has been calculated with the binary-encounter-Bethe model from the ionization threshold up to 5 keV. The input data for the BEB calculations concerning electronic structure of the studied targets have been obtained with quantum chemical methods including the Hartree-Fock (H-F) and the outer valence Green function (OVGF) methods. The calculated cross section for ionization of pyrimidine molecule due to electron impact is compared with available experimental and theoretical data. The question of the magnitude the pyrimidine ionization cross section is also discussed. Efficiency of the ionization process of studied halogenated derivatives of pyrimidine is also discussed.
Pain Reduction in Patellofemoral Knee Patients during Three-Month Intervention with Biomechanical and Sensorimotor Foot Orthoses: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Study
Authors: Simon Steven , Heine Andreas , Dully Jonas , Dindorf Carlo , Ludwig Oliver , Fröhlich Michael , Becker Stephan
Published: December 2024

Patellofemoral pain (PFP) significantly affects patients’ daily activities and consequently reduces their quality of life. Custom-made foot orthoses (FO) are a common method of medical treatment that positively influence biomechanical factors such as the kinematics of the lower extremity and reduce pain perception in patients. However, there is a gap in the research regarding the influence of different FO treatments on knee pain. Therefore, this study addresses the impact of biomechanical foot orthoses (BMFO) and sensorimotor foot orthoses (SMFO) on patients with foot deformity and PFP. A total of 26 participants (9 men, 17 women; 27.7 ± 10.7 years; 175.0 ± 0.1 cm; 75.7 ± 18.8 kg; BMI: 24.7 ± 5.6) took part in this randomized-controlled clinical trial. In the pre-test, knee pain was evaluated using the Kujala anterior knee pain scale after the physician’s anamnesis and plantar pressure measurement. A 3-month intervention with SMFO and BMFO was performed, and weekly development was evaluated using 11-item visual analog scales (VASs). Repeated measures analyses of variance were used to assess differences between time of measurements (ToMs) and the interaction effect between ToMs and treatment groups (SMFO, BMFO). Statistical analysis revealed no statistically significant interaction between ToMs and treatment groups but a significant main effect on Kujala anterior knee pain scores (MDiff = 10.189; p = .014) and 12-week VAS (p = .001). The findings indicate that both treatment approaches effectively alleviate perceived knee pain in the PFP sample with foot deformity, with neither approach demonstrating superior efficacy. This trial was retrospectively registered in the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) and German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00035082).
Antioxidant Response as a Prognostic Factor for Dengue Hypotensive and Hemorrhagic Complications
Authors: Lozano-Parra Anyela , Herrera Víctor , Villar Luis Ángel
Published: December 2024

Dengue infection has been associated with oxidative stress (OS) induction; however, whether such a response predicts the development of complications remains unknown. We conducted a case-control study (1:2 ratio) nested within a cohort of febrile patients with a presumptive or confirmed diagnosis of dengue. Incident cases were patients who developed hypotension or severe bleeding during the follow-up, whereas controls did not. Total antioxidant status (TAS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx) were quantified in serums obtained ≤96 hours from disease onset. The association between each biomarker and complications was evaluated by estimating adjusted odds ratios (ORs) using logistic regression. We evaluated 132 patients (median age: 19.0 years; 58.2% males). TAS and SOD were higher among cases than controls (2.1 versus 1.7 mM and 6.7 versus 60 U/mL, respectively), and the opposite was observed for GPx (128.1 versus 133.7 mmol/min/ml); however, none of these contrasts reached statistical significance. In the multivariate analysis, higher levels of TAS and SOD were associated with a higher likelihood of complications up to 3.5 mM (OR=2.46; 95%CI: 1.10 - 5.53) and 8.0 U/mL (OR=1.69; 95%CI: 1.01 - 2.83), respectively. GPx did not show an association with hypotension or severe bleeding. Our results suggest that the induction of OS during the acute phase of dengue infection might be a prognostic factor of hypotensive and hemorrhagic complications.
Phytochemical Profile Screening and Selected Bioactivity of Myrtus communis Berries Extracts, Obtained from Ultrasound-Assisted, and Supercritical CO2 Extraction
Authors: Mërtiri Ilir , Coman Gigi , Mihaela Cotarlet , Turturică Mihaela , Balan Nicoleta , Râpeanu Gabriela , Stănciuc Nicoleta , Mihalcea Liliana
Published: December 2024

This research paper investigates the phytochemical profile, antioxidant activity, antidiabetic potential, and antibacterial activity of Myrtus communis berries. Two extraction methods were employed to obtain the extracts: solid-liquid ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and supercritical CO2 extraction (SCCO2). The extracts were characterized using spectrophotometric methods and Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RT-HPLC). The UAE extract exhibited higher total flavonoid and anthocyanin content, while the SCCO2 extract prevailed in total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in the DPPH radical screening assay. RT-HPLC characterization identified and quantified several polyphenolic compounds. In the UAE extract, epigallocatechin was found in a concentration of 2656.24 ± 28.15 µg/g dry weight (DW). While in the SCCO2 extract, cafestol was the identified compound with the highest content at a level of 29.65 ± 0.03 µg/g DW. Both extracts contained several anthocyanin compounds, including cyanidin 3-O-glucoside chloride, cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside chloride, malvidin-3-O-glucoside chloride, pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside chloride, peonidin 3-O-glucoside chloride, and peonidin-3-O-rutinoside chloride. The antidiabetic potential was evaluated in vitro by measuring the inhibition of α-amylase from porcine pancreas (type I-A). The results highlighted the ability of myrtle berry extracts to inhibit α-amylase enzymatic activity, suggesting its potential as an alternative for controlling postprandial hyperglycemia. The UAE extract showed the lowest IC50 value among the two extracts, with an average of 8.37 ± 0.52 µg/mL DW. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was assessed in vitro against Bacillus spp., Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus using the Disk Diffusion Method. Both myrtle berry extracts exhibited similar antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial strains. The results support further investigation of myrtle berries extracts as a potential ingredient in functional food formulation, particularly due to its antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antibacterial properties.
Solar Fenton Corrosion in the Recovery of Textile Wastewater: Influence of UV Radiation and Chlorides on the In-Situ Release of Fe
Authors: Tenorio-Hernández Ana Fernanda , Linares-Hernández Ivonne , Castillo-Suárez Luis Antonio , Martínez-Miranda Verónica , Bastida Carolina Álvarez
Published: December 2024

A solar corrosion Fenton reactor (SCFr) was developed by packing an iron-carbon steel filament inside the reactor to enable the in-situ release of Fe2+. A Box-Behnken experimental design was used to optimize the effect of HRT (20, 30, and 40 min), the mass ratios of the packed filament inside the reactor with respect to volume (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 w/v) and the peroxide dosage added (500, 1000, and 1500 mg/L), the response variables were % removal of COD, Color and Turbidity. The optimum conditions for SCFr were HRT of 24.5 min, a ratio of 0.16, and a peroxide dose of 1006.9 mg/L. The removal was 91.8%, 98.4%, and 87.3% COD, Color and Turbidity respectively. Without solar radiation, the % removal was reduced, 16.3%, 47.9%, and 34.0% COD, color and turbidity respectively. The concentration Fe2+ released was 25.4 mg/L of Fe2+. The w/v ratio was the most significant factor, the release of the Fe is stimulated by UV radiation and the chloride concentration of the wastewater which prevents the formation of an oxide layer, thus allowing its continuous release, it takes advantage of solar radiation, pH and chloride concentration of the raw sample.