bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Different Castration Methods Induced Variations in Behavioural Responses, ‎Scrotal Circumference and Testicular Histo-architecture in Red Sokoto ‎Bucks
Authors: Nev T. O. , Orakpoghenor O. , Terfa A. J.
Published: May 2024

I
In this study, we assessed the behavioural responses, scrotal circumference, and testicular histo-architecture of red Sokoto bucks after undergoing castration through Burdizzo, in situ spermatic cord ligation, and orchidectomy. Sixteen red Sokoto bucks aged 6 months to 1 year, weighing between 11-12 kg, were randomly assigned to four groups, each comprising four bucks: Group A (Burdizzo), B (in situ spermatic cord ligation), C (orchidectomy), and D (control). Following the castration procedures, the bucks were observed for behavioural changes, and scrotal circumference was measured. Testicular tissue sections were collected from bucks in Groups A and B at 3-, 6-, and 9-weeks post-castration, and processed for histological examination. The findings revealed diverse behavioural responses in Groups A, B, and C, including back arching, vocalization, teeth grinding, altered posture, changes in appetite, and dorsal lip curling. There was a significant (p < 0.05) progressive decrease in mean scrotal circumference in Groups A, B, and C. Histologically, the testes exhibited empty seminiferous tubules with fibrous architecture from three to nine weeks post-castration in Groups A and B. Castration via Burdizzo, in-situ spermatic cord ligation and orchidectomy induced distinct behavioural responses and changes in scrotal circumference in the red Sokoto bucks. The behavioural responses observed in the present study were noted to be mild in Group A, while Groups B and C presented moderate responses, thus, suggesting a varying degree of pain induction. This implies that Burdizzo castration induced less pain when compared to in-situ spermatic cord ligation and orchidectomy. Testicular histo-architecture was altered by Burdizzo and in-situ spermatic cord ligation in red Sokoto bucks. Therefore, the choice of castration method for red Sokoto bucks should be based on the specific characteristics of interest, availability of equipment, convenience, and technical efficiency.
Prevalence of Foetal Wastage in Jalingo Abattoir: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Uko I. B. , Obialigwe T. F. , Nyifi S. A. , Ekechukwu K. C. , Tanimu E.
Published: May 2024

Indiscriminate slaughter of pregnant animals in the abattoir often results to wastage of foetuses. This study investigated the prevalence of foetal wastage in Jalingo abattoir. The study is an eleven years’ retrospective study (2012 - 2022). The data for the study were obtained from the abattoir records for the study period. The study examined the number of cows slaughtered and the number of foetuses wasted in the abattoir as well as the seasonal variation in the prevalence of foetal wastage. Out of the total of 163,647 cattle slaughtered in the abattoir, 141,607 (86.5%) were cows. A total of 17,220 (12.2%) foetuses were wasted within the study period. About 6.4% of foetal wastages occurred in the dry season and 5.8% occurred in the rainy season. The study also found out that for every 8 cows slaughtered in the abattoir 1 foetus is wasted. It is recommended that pregnancy examination of cows should be carried out by experts such as veterinarians before slaughter and that farmers should use alternative means of feeding their animals such as hay as against the traditional grazing which often result to selling off even pregnant animals when there is scarcity of feed which has effect on cattle population in the study area.
ASSESSMENT OF LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION AFTER CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING
Authors: HASHMI KA , BASHIR M , KHATTAK MSK , JAVAID MAA , QURESHI AE , KABIR HA
Published: May 2024

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a commonly performed surgical intervention for coronary artery disease (CAD), aiming to restore blood flow to the myocardium and improve cardiac function. Left ventricular (LV) systolic function is a crucial determinant of postoperative outcomes in CABG patients, yet the predictors of adverse outcomes remain incompletely understood. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate left ventricular function outcomes following CABG and identify predictors of mortality among CABG patients. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted at, Ch. Pervaiz Elahi Institute Of Cardiology (CPEIC), Multan, Pakistan, from December 2022 to December 2023. The study included 96 patients undergoing CABG surgery. Preoperative data collection encompassed demographic information, medical history, and baseline clinical characteristics. Left ventricular function was assessed using echocardiography preoperatively and postoperatively. Statistical analysis involved descriptive statistics, univariate analysis, and univariate regression. Results: The study cohort comprised 96 participants, with a mean age of 56.1 years (±12.2) and a male predominance (67.7%). Prevalent comorbidities included diabetes mellitus (78.1%) and hypertension (79.2%). LV systolic dysfunction (30.2%) and old ischemic heart disease (72.9%) were common preexisting conditions. Intraoperative variables included perioperative inotropes (5.2%) and emergent surgeries (3.1%). Postoperative complications included reoperation for bleeding (5.2%) and deterioration of LV ejection fraction (34.4%). The mortality rate was 5.2%. Postoperatively, the mean LVEF increased significantly from 32.00% (±5.219) to 37.00% (±9.801) in isolated CABG patients. Conclusion: This study confirms the significant improvement in LV systolic function following CABG and underscores the high benefit of CABG in patients with reduced EF. However, diabetes mellitus, advanced diastolic dysfunction, and the insertion of IABP were identified as significant predictors of adverse outcomes. Identifying patients with these risk predictors could provide complementary prognostic information and help optimise care, monitoring, and follow-up to improve their expected poor outcomes.
IN STENT RESTENOSIS (ISR) IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION (PCI) FOR CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE (CAD)
Authors: ULLAH S , ARSHAD MH , HUSSAIN J
Published: May 2024

In-stent restenosis (ISR) remains a significant clinical challenge in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for coronary artery disease (CAD). Objectives: The main aim of the study is to find the In-Stent Restenosis (ISR) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Prime Teaching Hospital Peshawar from January 2023 till December 2023. Data were collected from 80 patients from both genders. Patients who underwent PCI for CAD and developed ISR, as confirmed by angiographic or intravascular imaging studies, were included.  Data were collected in a systematically designed performance. Information was collected from electronic medical records, angiographic reports, and procedural databases. Results: Data were collected from 80 patients according to inclusion criteria. The mean age of the patients was 65.09±8.5 years. There were 52 (65%) male and 48 (35%) female patients. Hypertension was present in 60 (75%), dyslipidemia in 48(60%) and DM in 36 (45%) patients. There was a significant association between older age and increased likelihood of ISR development post-PCI (Mean age ISR: 68.01 ± 7.2 years vs. No ISR: 62.39 ± 9.1 years, p=0.02). However, gender did not significantly influence ISR occurrence (71% male ISR vs. 62% male No ISR, p=0.42). Conclusion: It is concluded that ISR represents a significant challenge in patients post-PCI for CAD, with a substantial incidence observed in this study. Older age, diabetes mellitus, and DES implantation were identified as essential contributors to ISR development.
ANGIOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY ECTASIA COMPARED WITH STENOTIC CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: ULLAH S , HUSSAIN J
Published: May 2024

Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) and coronary artery stenotic disease (CASD) represent distinct pathologies of the coronary arteries with remarkable clinical and angiographic features. Objectives: The study aims to find the angiographic features of patients with coronary artery ectasia compared with stenotic coronary artery disease. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at Prime Teaching Hospital Peshawar from April 2023 to March 2024. Data were collected from 185 patients. Patients with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting or coronary intervention were excluded from the study. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics, including age, gender, cardiovascular risk factors, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, smoking history and presenting symptoms, were collected from electronic medical records. Results: Data were collected from 185 patients. The mean age of patients in the CAE group was 58.5 ± 8.3 years, and the CAD group was 63.2 ± 7.9 years. 55.6% of the male group was in CAE and 87% in the CAD group. Out of 185, 33% suffered from hypertension in CAE and 81.4% in the CAD group. The most common comorbidity was hyperlipidemia in the CAD group (72.9%). Stable angina was present in 44.4% of CAE and 60.7% of the CAD group. Unstable angina is most common in the CAD group (21.4%), and AMI was 10.7% and 11.1% in the CAD and CAE groups, respectively. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) was most common in the CAD group, which was 75%. Conclusion: It is concluded that coronary artery ectasia (CAE) presents distinct angiographic and clinical features compared to stenotic coronary artery disease (CAD), including localised or diffuse dilatation of coronary arteries, a higher prevalence of silent ischemia, and lower utilisation of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
The Significance of Measuring Human Beta Defensin-2 in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcer
Authors: Abdul Kareem Hawraa Ibrahim , Mohammed Suhad Hadi
Published: May 2024

Background: Approximately one out of every four diabetic patients will acquire a diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) in their lifetime. Human beta-defensin (HBD) promotes wound healing. Objective: To find the correlation between HBD-2 and ulcer grade, diabetic foot infection, and the type of bacterial isolates recovered from bacteriological culture. Methods: We included forty-nine patients with DFU and obtained blood samples and wound swabs from each participant between October 2023 and December 2023. We measure HBA1c using the ARCHITECT c4000 system, and HBD-2 using the ELISA technique. The classification of DFU was done based on Wagner’s method. Swabs from foot ulcers are used for isolation and preliminary identification of bacteria based on standard guidelines. The VITEK® 2 system confirmed the diagnosis. Results: The patients' mean age was 57.31 years, and the male/female ratio was 1.57. Grade 3 was the most common type (57.1%). We observed the highest significant level of HBD-2 in grade one, non-infected DFU patients, and ulcers infected with gram-positive bacteria. Patients infected with Staphylococcus aureus showed the highest HBD-2 level according to the type of isolate, while patients infected with Proteus mirabilis showed the lowest level. Conclusions: HBD-2 levels might reflect the impaired or dysregulated immune response in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and have a negative impact on wound healing. The type of bacteria influenced this level, with Staphylococcus aureus infections reporting the highest level.
Applied Linguistics Driven Deceptive Content Recognition using Single Valued Trapezoidal Neutrosophic Number with Natural Language Processing
Authors:   Department of English, College of Science and Arts at Mahayil, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia, Abdulkhaleq Abdulkhaleq
Published: May 2024

Single valued neutrosophic number is a special case of single valued neutrosophic set and are of importance for neutrosophic multi-attribute decision making problem. A single valued neutrosophic number seems to define an ill-known quantity as a generalization of intuitionistic number. Applied linguistics in the context of Natural Language Processing (NLP) comprises the practical applications of linguistic approaches for addressing real time language processing issues. Social media become indispensable components in many people’s lives and have been growing rapidly. In the meantime, social networking media have become a widespread source of identity deception. Several social media identity deception cases have appeared presently. The research was performed to detect and prevent deception. Identifying deceptive content in natural language is significant to combat misrepresentation. Leveraging forward-thinking NLP methods, our model contextual cues analyze linguistic patterns, and semantic inconsistencies to flag possibly deceptive contents. By assimilating complex procedures for parameter optimization, feature extraction, and classification, the NLP focused on precisely recognizing deceptive content through different digital platforms, which contributes to the preservation of data integrity and the promotion of digital literacy. This study presents a Single Valued Trapezoidal Neutrosophic Number with Natural Language Processing for Deceptive Content Recognition (STVNNLP-DCR) technique on Social Media. The presented technique includes four important elements: preprocessing, GloVe word embedding, STVN classification, and Chicken Swarm Optimization (CSO) for parameter tuning. The preprocessing stage includes tokenization and text normalization, preparing text information for succeeding analysis. Then, GloVe word embedding represents the word in a continuous vector space, which captures contextual relationships and semantic similarities. The STVN classifier deploys the embedding to discern deceptive patterns within the text, leveraging its capability to effectively manage high-dimensional and sparse datasets. Moreover, the CSO technique enhances the hyperparameter of the STVN classifier, improving its generalization capabilities and performance. Empirical analysis implemented on varied datasets validates the efficacy of the presented technique in precisely recognizing deceptive content. Comparative studies with advanced approaches demonstrate high efficiency. The presented technique shows robustness against different forms of deceptive content, such as clickbait, misinformation, and propaganda
Applied Linguistics driven Artificial Intelligence for Automated Sentiment Detection and Classification
Authors:   Department of English, College of Science and Arts at Mahayil, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia, Abdulkhaleq Abdulkhaleq
Published: May 2024

The widespread dissemination of World Wide Web has paved the way to express individual sentiments. Also, it is a medium with a massive quantity of data where the user can view the opinions of other users that are categorized into dissimilar sentimental classes and are growing increasingly as a major aspect in decision making. Sentiment analysis (SA) is a method utilized in natural language processing (NLP) that defines the emotion or sentiment formulated in the text portion. SA method is often performed on text datasets to assist in accepting client requirements, businesses monitoring brands, and product sentiment in customer feedback. SA is the challenging and most common complication in artificial intelligence (AI). It applies automated mechanisms to identify physiological information namely feelings, thoughts, and attitudes shown in text and indicated through blogs, social networks, and news. This manuscript develops Applied Linguistics driven Artificial Intelligence for Automated Sentiment Detection and Classification (ALAI-ASDC) technique. The preprocessing stage includes tokenizing and cleaning textual information, followed by encoder words into vector representation using pretrained GloVe embeddings. This embedding captures semantic similarities between words, which provides an abundant depiction of textual information for SA. Integrating single-valued neutrosophic fuzzy soft expert set (SVNFSES) improves the SA method by addressing imprecision, uncertainty, and ambiguity inherent in text sentiment expression. FNS enables the representation of linguistic variables with degrees of truth, falsity, and indeterminacy, allowing a nuanced understanding of sentiment polarity. Moreover, the Hybrid Jelly Particle Swarm Optimization (HJPSO) is applied for the parameter tuning of the SA technique. Enhancing the performance of the SA model. Empirical analysis illustrates the efficiency of the presented technique in precisely categorizing sentiment polarity in different textual datasets
Bankruptcy Prediction using Diophantine Neutrosophic Number for Enterprise Resource Planning on Value of Accounting Information
Authors:   Accounting Program, Applied College at Muhyle, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia, Gubarah Gubarah ,   Applied Management Program, Applied College at Tanumah, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia. 3Ph.D. Holder, Ministry of Education, Kuwait,   Ph.D. Holder, Ministry of Education, Kuwait.,   Accounting Department, Business School, Xi’an International studies university, China.,   Department of Accounting, College of Business, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia, and Faculty of Commerce and Economics, Amran University, Amran, Yemen., Gubarah Gubarah Farah , Alsayegh Abdulkarim , Alkebssi Radwan Hussien , Al-Matari Mohammed Al
Published: May 2024

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is paramount in modern business, integrating many fundamental processes such as human resources, economics, customer relationship management, and supply chain management into a comprehensive infrastructure. Leveraging the wide-ranging data apprehended by ERP techniques, an organization could improve its financial analysis abilities, involving bankruptcy prediction. By using analytics methods like predictive modeling and machine learning, the ERP system could examine market trends, historical financial information, key performance indicators, and other related factors to evaluate the financial stability and health of the company. This prediction insight empowers businesses to vigorously detect advanced indicators of financial distress, alleviate risks, and make informed strategic decisions to avoid bankruptcy. Integrating bankruptcy prediction techniques within the ERP system allows organizations to reinforce contingency strategies, financial planning, and risk management, protecting long-term competitiveness and sustainability in a dynamic business environment. This study introduces a Bankruptcy Prediction using the Diophantine Neutrosophic Number for Enterprise Resource Planning (BPDNN-ERP) technique on the value of accounting information. The BPDNN-ERP technique begins with a harmony search algorithm (HSA) for electing feature subsets. In addition, the BPDNN-ERP technique applies the DNN model for the prediction of bankruptcies. To increase the performance of the DNN model, the manta ray foraging optimization (MRFO) model can be used. The experimental study demonstrated the enhanced performance of the BPDNN-ERP algorithm equated to existing forecasting methods
Integrating N‐person Intuitionistic Neutrosophic Soft Games with Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps for Cloud Storage with Accounting Information Systems
Authors:   Accounting Program, Applied College at Muhyle, King Khalid University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Adam Adam ,   Ph.D. Holder, Ministry of Education, Kuwait, Alsayegh Abdulkarim
Published: May 2024

Neutrosophic logic is founded on non-standard evaluation. In neutrosophic set (NS), the computation of indefiniteness is explicit, while the membership of truth, falsity, and indeterminacy are non-reliable. Recently, various attractive game theory application is extended by entrenching the fuzzy set logic. The accounting data analysis has to contribute the innovativeness. This includes various characteristics. It applies billions of individuals in the business to develop and design novel products until the sale managing of the enormous sales staff. While cloud storage provides flexibility and scalability, it also comes with related costs, involving data transfer fees, subscription fees, and storage costs. Optimizing and managing cloud storage costs associated with business needs and budgetary constraints is crucial. Cloud-based AIS decreases the necessity for localized infrastructure and hardware, oscillating rate from capital to operational expenditure. This enables organizations to pay only for the used resource, resulting in economic efficiencies. Incorporating cloud technology into accounting information systems (AIS) provides several advantages. To increase the capability of accounting data statistics and analysis, this article introduces an N‐person intuitionistic neutrosophic soft game with Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps (NINSG-NCM) for cloud storage with AIS. The NINSG-NCM technique considered a contemporary accounting data analysis is built based on the block bit sequence evaluation technique and extracts the association rule representative amount of accounting data. Integrated with cloud computing (CC) framework, the NINSG-NCM method is proposed, and the NCM clustering technique is used for realizing the modern accounting data clustering, and the NINSG method could enhance the capability of statistical analysis and parallel computing of accounting data. Lastly, salp swarm algorithm (SSA) is applied for hyperparameter tuning method. The experimental outcomes illustrate that the designed intelligent data evaluation technique makes the parallel computing efficacy high and the statistical evaluation capability of accounting data better.
Interval-valued Fermatean Neutrosophic Graph with Grey Wolf Optimization for Sarcasm Recognition on Microblogging Data
Authors:   Department of English, College of Science and Arts at Mahayil, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia, Abdulkhaleq Abdulkhaleq
Published: May 2024

Game theory is more popular in competitive situations due to its importance in decision making. Several kinds of fuzzy sets can manage uncertainty in matrix games. Neutrosophic set theory has been instrumental in investigating ambiguity, complexity, inconsistency, and incompleteness in real-time issues. Nowadays, sarcastic comments on social media have become a general tendency. Sarcasm is frequently used by individuals to pester or taunt others. It is often conveyed via inflection, tonal stress in speech, or lexical, hyperbolic, and pragmatic features existing in the text. Sentiment Analysis (SA) is regarded as the data mining targets of sentiment organization of the client's criticisms obtainable in textual form. Sarcasm is a form of speech that states an individual's downside feeling through a positive term. Labeling sarcasm in characters is a dynamic task for Natural Language Processing to evade the misconception of sarcastic speeches as a verbatim declaration. The outcome of these kinds of sarcastic speeches is hard for the people and machines. Sarcasm has a considerable influence on the efficacy of SA techniques that are impacted by mendacious sentiments that frequently belong to sarcastic classes. This study introduces an Interval-valued Fermatean Neutrosophic Graph with Grey Wolf Optimization for Sentiment Analysis (IFeNG-GWOSA) on Microblogging Data. The IFeNG-GWOSA technique includes a sarcasm detection technique that categorizes words in sarcastic or non-sarcastic form. The initial phase is preprocessing, where the tokenization and stop word removal are implemented. Then, the preprocessed data is subjected to feature extraction, where the BERT word embedding is applied. The IFeNG model is used for sarcasm detection, and the grey wolf optimizer (GWO) generates its parameter selection technique. Lastly, the efficiency of the presented technique is compared with existing approaches under different measures
Climate Literacy in the Age of Global Climate Change: A Critical Inquiry into Shaping Climate –Literate Society for a Sustainable Future
Authors: S Raj Priyanka , S Amin Shivdasini
Published: May 2024

Climate Change is a multidimensional challenge in the twenty-first century. The challenges venting out of the consequences of climate change are mainly due to a lack of information and knowledge to combat it. It is important to build a climate-literate society to address and combat the consequences of ecological catastrophe. There is a need for cutting-edge knowledge on understanding the nuances of critical components of climate science, which is the need of the hour. Henceforth, climate literacy is an understanding of anthropogenic impact driven by human activities that have led to planetary crisis; cultivating ecological skills and thought processes, with a pragmatic vision of providing a tool to build a sustainable world in the era of climate change world. The role of educators and academic institutions in nurturing environmental stewardship becomes a vital for taking a step forward to a sustainable future in the cocoon of sustainable development goals. This paper will explore and address the vision of cultivating climate literacy as a framework for sustainable development and addressing climate resilience in the age of global climate change. The aim of the study is to identify the efficacy of Climate Change Education (CCE) initiatives and to trace few of the best practices and methods for developing a climate-literate society. As we introspect into the future outcome of the present study, it will envision climate literate society and decision-making processes at individual, institutional, and governmental levels for promoting sustainability and millennium development goals. Thus, it calls for action, emphasising the urgency of humanising climate literacy to empower current and future generations to contribute meaningfully to the global environmental sustainability and resilience effort.
Predictive Modeling of Heart Rate Dynamics based on Physical Characteristics and Exercise Parameters: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Ali Mahmoud , Abdelsallam Ahmed , Rasslan Ahmed , Rabee Abdallah
Published: May 2024

To accurately forecast heart rate changes during exercise, which is essential for customized health monitoring and improving training regimens, it is necessary to comprehend both the physiological foundations and the technical capacities for data processing. This research utilizes Machine Learning (ML) methodologies to predict heart rate reactions based on physical characteristics and activity variables. Our research focuses on the health and sports aspects of our results, using a comprehensive dataset that includes a wide range of activity types and ambient circumstances across 12,000 sets. We establish a connection between the ability of models such as Linear Regression (LR) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) to predict outcomes and their practical use in exercise management and optimizing athlete performance. These models accurately forecast variations in heart rate and also provide insights into the cardiovascular demands of various physical activities. Standard metrics measure the effectiveness of these models. The Linear Regression (LR) model achieved a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.419, a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.294, a Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 0.543, and an R-Squared value of 0.997. On the other hand, the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) Regressor model achieved a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.421, a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.335, a Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 0.578, and an R-Squared value of 0.996. These metrics demonstrate the usefulness of these models in real-world scenarios. Our study's findings demonstrate that the combination of physiological data and powerful machine learning models may improve an individual's comprehension of fitness levels and the requirements for adaptive training. This study not only adds to the field of computational physiology, but it also aids in the creation of adaptive, real-time therapies for improving health and performance.
Prevalence of Anemia in Community-Acquired Pneumonia Patients
Authors: Saeed Samina , Yaqub Muhammad Usman , Ghayyur Aysha , Siddique Shazia , Anwar Muhammad , Afzal Ayesha
Published: May 2024

The frequency of anemia in intensive care units is well documented. Less is known, however, about the prevalence of anaemia in hospitalised patients with community-acquired pneumonia, which is one of the common reasons for hospitalisation, affecting both healthy and co-morbid individuals and is usually not accompanied with acute blood loss. Objective: To determine the frequency of anemia in patients presenting with pneumonia. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with pneumonia patients at Department of Medicine Pulmonology in HDU/ICU Jinnah Hospital, Lahore curing thr period of three months. The 345 subjects with mean age 44.4 ± 9.4 (range: 20 – 60) years, male to female ratio 1:1.12, diagnosed with pneumonia underwent assessment of hemoglobin levels at presentation. Relationship between anemia and other co-morbidities has been evaluated that included duration of pneumonia, obesity, diabetes mellitus and hypertension to diagnose anemia. Results: The mean duration of pneumonia symptoms was 8.7 ± 6.9 (range: 2-25) days whereas the mean hemoglobin concentration was found 12.3 ± 6.9 g/dL ranged from 7.1 – 14.6 g/dL. The prevalence of anemia was found to be 37.7% and 215 (62.3%) of the 345 patients have shown normal hemoglobin levels. Female gender, higher age, greater duration of pneumonia symptoms and presence of diabetes mellitus significantly correlated with anemia in pneumonia (p-value < 0.05). Whereas, the hypertension and obesity did not have any significant effects on anemia in pneumonia (p-value > 0.05). Conclusions: Anemia was present in significant number of patients with pneumonia and was associated with female gender, Diabetes ,Hypertension and prolonged duration of pneumonia.
Combating of Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing Activities Along Manila Bay
Authors:   Salay Dipaculao, Aurora, Philippines Baguio City, Philippines, D. Terry Maribel , M. Donato Dr. Leah
Published: May 2024

This study delves into the complexities of enforcing fishing regulations in Manila Bay, Philippines, where licensed fishing is a prevalent activity. The legal framework prohibits any fishing practices detrimental to the marine ecosystem, mandating penalties for infractions. The objective of this qualitative investigation was to uncover the challenges encountered by enforcement agencies and to delineate the strategies they employ. Employing random sampling, twenty-two (22) enforcement personnel from the provinces of Bataan, Pampanga, and Bulacan were selected for participation. A thematic analysis was conducted on the data gathered through in-depth interviews utilizing a semi-structured questionnaire, which facilitated the extraction of seven significant themes: inadequate equipment, an increase in false informants, adverse weather conditions, repeat offenses, joint operations, a reward system, and prosecution processes. The findings indicate a recurring issue of re-offense among violators, attributed to the inadequate monitoring, control, and surveillance capabilities of the law enforcement authorities. The lack of proper equipment further hampers the authorities’ ability to effectively enforce regulations, leading to a rise in illegal fishing activities. The study suggests the imperative need for developing a comprehensive and effective strategy to curb illegal fishing in Manila Bay, emphasizing the importance of collaborative efforts and a coordinated approach among law enforcement bodies. Keywords: Manila Bay, rewards, meeting, violent offenders, patrol boats, inclement weather, active gears
ECCE Education in the Global context: A Comparative Study of Private And Public ECCE Service Providers in the State of Bihar, India
Authors:   Dept. of Home Science, Al-Hafeez College V.K.S.U., Bihar, India, Kausar Safina
Published: May 2024

The right to education of any child born in any country in the world starts from birth. But unfortunately, new UNESCO data shows that one in four children aged 5 never receives any form of pre-primary education (ECCE) in their lifetime. This report represents 35 million of the 137 million 5-year-old children worldwide. Early Childhood Care and Education Despite research proving the benefits of ECCE, only half of the countries worldwide guarantee free pre-primary education. Political will and ownership are vital to transforming the ECCE. The UNESCO review highlights progress in some countries, but much more is needed to successfully strengthen the capacity of these systems. This research has been done in the context of Bihar, India. The objective of this study is to assess the daily classroom activities conducted by private and public service providers of ECCE in Bihar and to identify the differences in various classroom activities and the facilities provided by them. A comparative study was conducted using random sampling to select 100 private and 100 public ECCE service providers across Bihar, India. Data collection involved interviews with teachers at these centers. Descriptive and thematic analysis was used to identify key themes in the interview data regarding daily classroom activities and facilities. In the research, the service systems of most of the private service providers were found to be of high quality, while the public service providers were found to be suffering from various deficiencies in classroom operations. Comparatively, the school service and classroom maintenance systems of private service providers were better than those of public service providers, while both types of service providers were trying their best to conduct ECCE classes. Research studies indicate that the government needs to focus on highlighting the issues related to ECCE and implementing special provisions for it. There is a need for various facilities, new standard norms, and new policies for private and public service providers in this area. The state government needs to take the necessary steps in this area. Through this process, ECCE will be able to develop in its new form. What the country needs most. Keywords: service providers, private, public, standards, norms, provisions, classroom activities, ECCE
Indigenous Knowledge and Agricultural Practices of Ifugao Ethno-Farming in Ifugao Village, Diffun, Quirino
Authors:   Quirino General High School, Cabarroguis, Quirino, Philippines, A. Domingo Rona , M. Gonzales Christlyn , Ignacio Michael
Published: May 2024

This study endeavors to delve into the traditional knowledge and farming methods employed by Ifugao farmers residing in Barangay Ifugao Village, Diffun, Quirino. Despite the proven efficacy of Indigenous farming practices, they confront formidable challenges including climate change, biodiversity loss, and the erosion of Indigenous knowledge. The research aims to meticulously document and safeguard the wealth of knowledge and practices upheld by Ifugao farmers, recognizing their pivotal role in fostering environmental sustainability and cultural enrichment. Utilizing an ethnographic approach, this study endeavors to unravel the intricate interplay between farming techniques, traditional wisdom, and the multifaceted challenges posed by modernization. By employing key informant interviews conducted in the Ilocano dialect, the project seeks to elucidate how Ifugao farmers adapt their agricultural practices in response to evolving environmental and socioeconomic dynamics. Through purposive sampling, experienced Ifugao farmers are selected as key informants, ensuring a comprehensive examination of the methods, beliefs, practices, strategies, and knowledge that have underpinned Ifugao ethno-farming traditions. The study, spanning one month and focusing on seasoned Ifugao practitioners, guarantees a thorough exploration of the adaptive measures and customs intrinsic to Ifugao’s agricultural heritage. Reflexive thematic analysis serves as the analytical framework for interpreting the gathered data, with anticipated results offering valuable insights into the resilient techniques employed by Ifugao farmers to preserve their cultural heritage and navigate contemporary challenges. These findings underscore the imperative for collaborative endeavors aimed at safeguarding, documenting, and integrating Indigenous knowledge into agricultural practices, thereby fostering resilience and sustainability for present and future generations. Keywords: Ifugao, Ethno-farming, Indigenous Knowledge, Sustainability, Preservation, Agricultural Practices, Beliefs, Changes perceived, Adaptive Strategies
Perceptions of Muslim Educators on Postcolonial Education in the Philippines: A Qualitative Inquiry
Authors:   xdrebisco2020@gmail.com, laynojonhubbie@gmail.com, emersondomingo26@gmail.com STEM Students, Quirino General High School, Department of Education Schools Division Office-Quirino, Philippines, Q. Emnacin Reb , E. Layno Jon Hubbie , Y. Domingo Emerson
Published: May 2024

The utilization of automated systems, controlled by the Arduino UNO microcontroller, can facilitate the efficient growth of plants in a compact greenhouse. The enclosed greenhouse structure helps in plant propagation as it optimizes the surrounding environment while it gathers sensory data. The greenhouse is structured with the corresponding sensors for specific abiotic factors mainly, the DHT11 for temperature and humidity, and The soil moisture sensor. This data from the greenhouse environment will then be processed by the system which utilizes a submersible water pump and irrigation systems, LED lights, and sensors for humidity, temperature, and moisture. The Arduino UNO controls the water resources competently as the major microcontroller, while sensors provide accurate data for managing the greenhouse environment. With automation features like the irrigation system and soil moisture sensor, water conservation, and proficiency are improved. LED light delivers reliable light sources, which promote optimal plant growth. Accurate data collection is ensured by proper sensor placement and protection. Remote monitoring and control via IoT platforms are much more practical and convenient than manually overseeing the plant environment. The Arduino UNO- Based system offers significant advantages, including decreased manual labor, cost-effectiveness, and advancements in agricultural practices to combat the damages brought by climate change to agriculture and meet the demands of a growing world population. Thus, continuous development to the prototype is necessary for the sustainability of both the agriculture and the automated greenhouse as this will further assist in the application of growing advancing technologies of the generation for agricultural development and plant care. Keywords: Automated greenhouse, Arduino UNO, programming, automation, prototype, sensors, agriculture, sustainability
Effectiveness of Home Health Care Services in the Qassim Region
Authors:   Regional Nursing Director Qassim Health Cluster, Ministry of Health KSA https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0651-1947 Affiliation: Qassim Health Cluster, Ministry of Health Affiliation Address: Buraidah Al Qassim, Saudi Arabia, Al Hindi Adel
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of home healthcare services provided by both governmental and private sectors in the Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia, during 2021. A survey was conducted involving 210 participants, comprising 2,304 patients from 20 governmental home health care (HHC) sections in hospitals and 199 patients from one private home health care section in private hospitals in the Qassim Region. The majority of respondents were married Saudi men who preferred home visits and faced literacy challenges. Home health care (HHC) was found to be a viable and cost-effective alternative to hospital care, with an average visit duration of approximately 65 minutes and costs amounting to about $400.5 for the private sector and $1,622.694 for the government sector per patient monthly. Despite higher perceived costs, home healthcare remained more economical than hospital-based care. Noteworthy is the continued cost difference between governmental and private sectors on a per-patient monthly basis, indicating potential non-financial factors influencing service delivery. Participants rated HHC services as effective, particularly in assisting with transitions and identifying nutritional deficiencies, although patient deterioration and re-admission received lower ratings. In conclusion, home healthcare services in the Qassim Region were effective across both sectors, highlighting HHC as a cost-effective alternative despite variations in costs between governmental and private providers. It is essential to note the exclusion of home health care coverage from the Council of Cooperative Health Insurance (CCHI) policy. Keywords: Home health care, Care systems, Quality, Costs
Automated Prototype Arduino-based Mini-Greenhouse for Agricultural Sustainability
Authors:   xdrebisco2020@gmail.com, laynojonhubbie@gmail.com, emersondomingo26@gmail.com STEM Students, Quirino General High School, Department of Education Schools Division Office-Quirino, Philippines, Q. Emnacin Reb , E. Layno Jon Hubbie , Y. Domingo Emerson
Published: May 2024

The utilization of automated systems, controlled by the Arduino UNO microcontroller, can facilitate the efficient growth of plants in a compact greenhouse. The enclosed greenhouse structure helps in plant propagation as it optimizes the surrounding environment while it gathers sensory data. The greenhouse is structured with the corresponding sensors for specific abiotic factors mainly, the DHT11 for temperature and humidity, and The soil moisture sensor. This data from the greenhouse environment will then be processed by the system which utilizes a submersible water pump and irrigation systems, LED lights, and sensors for humidity, temperature, and moisture. The Arduino UNO controls the water resources competently as the major microcontroller, while sensors provide accurate data for managing the greenhouse environment. With automation features like the irrigation system and soil moisture sensor, water conservation, and proficiency are improved. LED light delivers reliable light sources, which promote optimal plant growth. Accurate data collection is ensured by proper sensor placement and protection. Remote monitoring and control via IoT platforms are much more practical and convenient than manually overseeing the plant environment. The Arduino UNO- Based system offers significant advantages, including decreased manual labor, cost-effectiveness, and advancements in agricultural practices to combat the damages brought by climate change to agriculture and meet the demands of a growing world population. Thus, continuous development to the prototype is necessary for the sustainability of both the agriculture and the automated greenhouse as this will further assist in the application of growing advancing technologies of the generation for agricultural development and plant care. Keywords: Automated greenhouse, Arduino UNO, programming, automation, prototype, sensors, agriculture, sustainability
Schools’ Technological Research Services Towards Teachers’ Career Professional Development
Authors:   https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0509-6673 Nivram.yanmana@gmail.com Zamboanga Peninsula Polytechnic State University Graduate School R.T. Lim Boulevard, Baliwasan, Zamboanga City, Philippines, B. Manayan Marvin
Published: May 2024

This study assesses the level of technological research services provided by schools and their impact on teachers’ careers and professional development. It aims to identify significant differences in these aspects based on school types and teachers’ demographic profiles. The study utilized a concurrent mixed-research design and involved 212 junior and senior high school teachers from the Technical-Vocational and Livelihood (TVL) track in selected secondary schools across the Zamboanga Peninsula. The findings indicated that schools in the Zamboanga Peninsula generally provided technological research services that moderately satisfied teachers. These services contributed to enhancing teachers’ knowledge, upgrading their skills, and emphasizing attitudes and ethical standards. The study concluded that schools’ technological research services significantly influenced teachers’ career and professional development, with no significant differences based on school types or teachers’ demographic profiles. Based on these findings, an intervention plan was proposed, including a school-based management plan, a training development plan, and a contingency plan. These interventions are intended to improve services and support teachers’ career and professional growth. The study also recommended integrating technology into educational research services to foster a culture of research, aligning with DO No. 16, S.2017. Keywords: Schools’ technological research services, admission process, training, consultation, evaluation, utilization, teachers’ career and professional development, knowledge, skills, attitude, ethical standards
Early Field Experiences of PTEs in ELT Programme of a State University in Türkiye
Authors: Öztürk Mustafa Serkan , Ercan-demirel Eda
Published: May 2024

Teaching programs in Türkiye consist of a 4-year process. Internship practice takes place in the last year of this process, each in two separate terms. Prospective teachers observe, evaluate, prepare course content, and teach under the guidance of in-service English teachers in public schools affiliated with the Ministry of National Education and with the support of supervisors at the faculties and complete their internship. However, the timing of the process is thought to be too late, which is carried out during the 4-year education period and where prospective teachers will be actively involved in schools/real teaching environments and gain experience. "Early Field Experience" (EFE), which is also found in the world literature and has exemplary applications, has been implemented in some private universities in Türkiye today but has not yet found its place in state universities. This current research studies the subject of “Early field experience”. The present study focussed on the effects of "Early Field Experience" practice in a state university in Türkiye. The study analyses the reflections of EFE on prospective teachers' anxiety and makes the voices of prospective teachers heard. In this convergent mixed method study, STAS (Student Teacher Anxiety Scale - Hart, 1987) was used as a quantitative data collection tool, and a semi-structured interview form consisting of open-ended questions was employed for the qualitative part. In the study, prospective teachers of English (PTEs) had an EFE implementation process covering 10 weeks of observation and internship. The results of the quantitative data showed that there was a significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores for the level of anxiety of PTEs (t=4.16; p< .05) in favour of the post-test. Findings of interviews revealed that the prospective teachers' concerns were in the areas of teaching, students’ background, classroom management, readiness to teach, and burnout before the EFE; and after the EFE, they experienced improvements in classroom management, appropriate language use, readiness to teach, experience and teaching content.