bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Availability of cytotoxic medicines in the WHO essential medicine list used in treating childhood malignancies in low-income and lower-middle-income countries: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Seneviwickrama Maheeka , Gunasekera Sanjeeva , Liyanage Guwani , Heiyanthuduwa Wasana , Jayakody Surangi
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Cancer is a leading cause of death globally with childhood cancers accounting for around 5% of the total incidence. Almost 90% of childhood cancers are recorded from low-income and lower-middle-income countries (LLMICs), where survival rates are comparatively low. The unavailability of essential medicines for childhood cancers is identified as a reason for this observed health inequity. The objectives of this review are to describe the availability of cytotoxic medicines in the WHO essential medicine list (EML) used in treating children with cancer in LLMICs and to determine the enablers and barriers to accessing WHO essential medicines for childhood cancer.

Methods and analysis

A systematic review will be conducted using electronic databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL. Additional articles and grey literature will be searched in Google Scholar and reference list of the selected articles. It will include primary studies, national/regional reports and policy documents. Review questions will be framed into different components according to the ECLIPSe framework. Children less than 19 years of age diagnosed with any malignant disorder in LLMICs will be the client group. Studies that have focused on the availability of EML for adult malignancies and care providers’ knowledge of EML for childhood malignancies will not be considered. Only the studies reported in the English language will be included. Mixed methods Appraisal Tool will be used to assess the quality of included studies. Data will be presented as a narrative synthesis.

Ethics and dissemination

This research is exempt from ethics approval because the work is carried out on published documents. Findings of this review will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed journal for the authorities in LLMICs to understand the magnitude of the problem and to identify enablers and barriers to take evidence based decisions to improve their health system.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42022334156.
Impact of remuneration, extrinsic and intrinsic incentives on interprofessional primary care teams: protocol for a rapid scoping review
Authors: Aggarwal Monica , Hutchison Brian , Kokorelias Kristina Marie , Mehta Kavita , Greenberg Leslie , Moran Kimberly , Barber David , Samson Kevin
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Interprofessional teams and funding and payment provider arrangements are key attributes of high-performing primary care. Several Canadian jurisdictions have introduced team-based models with different payment models. Despite these investments, the evidence of impact is mixed. This has raised questions about whether team-based primary care models are being implemented to facilitate team collaboration and effectiveness. Thus, we present a protocol for a rapid scoping review to systematically map, synthesise and summarise the existing literature on the impact of provider remuneration mechanisms and extrinsic and intrinsic incentives in team-based primary care. This review will answer three research questions: (1) What is the impact of provider remuneration models on team, patient, provider and system outcomes in primary care?; (2) What extrinsic and intrinsic incentives have been used in interprofessional primary care teams?; and (3) What is the impact of extrinsic and intrinsic team-based incentives on team, patient, provider and system outcomes?

Methods and analysis

We will conduct a rapid scoping review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews guidelines. We will search electronic databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EconLit) and grey literature sources (Google Scholar, Google). This review will consider all empirical studies and full-text English-language articles published between 2000 and 2022. Reviewers will independently perform the literature search, data extraction and synthesis of included studies. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool will be used to appraise the quality of evidence. The literature will be synthesised, summarised and mapped to themes that answer the research question of this review.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval is not required. Findings from this study will be written for publication in an open-access peer-review journal and presented at national and international conferences. Knowledge users are part of the research team and will assist with disseminating findings to the public, clinicians, funders and professional associations.
Rehabilitation outcomes for people with lung cancer (UNITE): protocol for the development of a core outcome set
Authors: Edbrooke Lara , Granger Catherine L , Francis Jill J , John Tom , Kaadan Nasreen , Halloran Emma , Connolly Bronwen , Denehy Linda
Published: June 2023

Introduction

With treatment-related improvements in survival, rehabilitation is essential to improve function and health-related quality of life and manage the high symptom burden associated with lung cancer. Despite this, significant heterogeneity exists in the outcomes and instruments used to evaluate lung cancer rehabilitation programme impact. This study aims to develop a core set of clinically relevant lung cancer rehabilitation outcomes for use in clinical practice.

Methods and analysis

An international Delphi consensus study involving consumer, healthcare professional and researcher stakeholders to determine which outcomes to include and how to measure these. Stage 1 (preliminary): mixed methods to develop the potential list of outcomes (1) overview of systematic reviews of lung cancer exercise interventions and (2) focus groups and individual interviews with people with lung cancer. Stage 2: outcomes were grouped according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health domains. Stage 3: to determine priority outcomes for core outcome set (COS) inclusion participants will rate each outcome’s importance (one-nine-point Likert scale) over two-three survey rounds. Stage 4: following review by the steering committee, a consensus meeting will be held if agreement on the COS has not been reached.

Stage 5: recommendations will be made regarding a single instrument for measuring each COS outcome by reviewing existing resources where consensus has already been reached. Where resources do not exist the quality and feasibility of potential measurement instruments will be appraised, and the Delphi consensus survey and meeting process outlined in stages 3–4 will be repeated.

This protocol adheres to the COS-Standardised Protocol statement and will be conducted and reported according to the COS-Standards for Development recommendations and the COS-Standards for Reporting.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval (20/9/22, University of Melbourne ID 2022-24839-32231-3). Dissemination in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.
Recommendations for endotracheal tube insertion depths in children
Authors: Ebenebe Chinedu Ulrich , Schriever Kristina , Apostolidou Sofia , Wolf Monika , Herrmann Jochen , Singer Dominique , Deindl Philipp
Published: June 2023

Background

Endotracheal tube (ETT) malposition is frequent in paediatric intubation. The current recommendations for ETT insertion depths are based on formulae that hold various limitations. This study aimed to develop age-based, weight-based and height-based curve charts and tables for ETT insertion depth recommendations in children.

Methods

In this retrospective single-centre study, we determined the individual optimal ETT insertion depths in paediatric patients by evaluating postintubation radiographic images. Age-based, weight-based and height-based ETT insertion depth recommendations were developed using regression analysis. We compared the insertion depths predicted by the models with previously published formulae.

Results

Intubations of 167 children (0–17.9 years) were analysed. Best-fit curves generated with logistic regression analysis revealed R2values between 0.784 and 0.880. The insertion depths predicted by the models corresponded well with published age-based and height-based formulae. However, they demonstrated the unsuitability of weight-related linear formulae to predict ETT depth in children.

Conclusion

The recommendations developed in this study facilitate a fast and accurate determination of recommended ETT insertion depths in children. Our recommendations provide greater accuracy than previously published formulae and demonstrate that weight-related linear formulae are unsuitable for predicting ETT depth in children.
Psychological symptoms do not discriminate between reflux phenotypes along the organic-functional refractory GERD spectrum
Authors: Geeraerts Annelies , Guadagnoli Livia , Pauwels Ans , Geysen Hannelore , Neyens Thomas , Van Oudenhove Lukas , Vanuytsel Tim , Tack Jan
Published: June 2023

Objective

Historically, psychological processes are associated with disorders at the functional end of the gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) spectrum. However, recent research suggests that psychological symptoms are relevant across theentireGERD spectrum. We aim to investigate whether psychological symptoms are associated with reflux phenotype (True GERD, Borderline GERD, reflux hypersensitivity, functional heartburn) along the GERD spectrum in a cohort of refractory reflux patients.

Design

Consecutive adult patients with refractory reflux symptoms underwent standard 24-hour pH-impedance monitoring and completed questionnaires assessing demographic, clinical and psychological information. Bayesian one-way analysis of variance assessed whether psychological variables differed across reflux phenotypes. Next, we applied multinomial and ordinal logistic regressions with clinical, demographic and psychological variables set as independent variables and reflux phenotype as the outcome variable. The complementary machine-learning approach entered all demographic, clinical and psychological variables into models, with reflux phenotype set nominally and ordinally. Cross-validated model performance was used to select the best model.

Results

393 participants (mean (SD) age=48.5 (14.1); 60% female) were included. The Bayesian analyses found no difference in psychological variables across reflux phenotypes. Similarly, age, gender and proton pump inhibitor use were the only significant variables in the multinomial logistic regression and body mass index was significant in both regressions. Machine-learning analyses revealed poorly performing models with high misclassification rates (67–68%) in both models.

Conclusion

Psychological symptoms do not differ between nor predict reflux phenotype membership in refractory reflux patients. Findings suggest that psychological symptoms are relevant across the spectrum of GERD, rather than specific to functional oesophageal disorders.
Is higher school neighbourhood Walk Score associated with greater child pedestrian safety near schools?
Authors: Rothman Linda , Hagel Brent E , Howard Andrew William , Schwartz Naomi , Cloutier Marie Soleil , Macpherson Alison K
Published: June 2023

Walk Score is a common index used to estimate how suitable the built environment is for walking. Although Walk Score has been extensively validated as a measure of walkability and walking, there are limited studies examining whether commonly used constructs of walkability are associated with traffic safety in children. This study examined the association between Walk Score and child pedestrian injury controlling for observed walking exposure in school zones in Calgary, Toronto and Montreal, Canada. Results indicate that a higher Walk Score was associated with more child pedestrian injuries in all three cities, even after controlling for walking exposure. School travel planning should consider established individual pedestrian collision risk and individual factors rather than assuming a highly walkable environment is also a safe pedestrian environment.
Military concerns for chronic pain stimulator devices
Authors: Hughey Scott , Field R , Campbell D , Cole J , Booth G , Stringer M , Stedjelarsen E
Published: June 2023

Spinal cord stimulators (SCS) and peripheral nerve stimulators (PNS) are increasingly used in the treatment of chronic pain, allowing more patients to resume working and return to activities. Military service members face environmental and occupational hazards that expose them to mechanical and electromagnetic forces, both clinical and industrial, that could potentially alter their function. While there are reports of individual hazards, the risk appears to be nominal based on the large number of devices in use and the limited reported complications with these devices. Since a variety of hazards encountered by military patients have the potential to alter SCS and PNS devices, a brief discussion of each patient’s specific exposures and related hazards should occur prior to placement. Overall, these devices have demonstrated safety in hazardous areas and few military patients have contraindications for placement based on these factors alone.
Impact of poor air quality while deployed on respiratory health: a systematic review
Authors: Williams Lucy G , Ross D
Published: June 2023

Introduction

British military personnel deploy internationally to areas with high levels of ambient air pollution. Air pollution can cause acute respiratory symptoms which lead to concern about potential long-lasting health effects. There is a requirement for evidence-based policy on chronic respiratory disease associated with military deployments to areas with poor air quality (AQ). This literature review examines the published evidence relating to the development of chronic respiratory disease in military personnel after exposure to poor AQ while deployed.

Methods

A literature search was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Embase, MEDLINE and Global health databases were searched for English language studies published since 2014 examining the respiratory health of military personnel deployed to Southwest Asia since 2001. A quality appraisal of selected articles was conducted using the Critical Appraisals Skills Programme checklist and a descriptive review completed.

Results

Eleven studies were found, eight of which had objective outcome measures. Two prospective cohort studies were included; the remainder of the data were retrospective.

Conclusion

High rates of respiratory symptoms are reported by personnel who deploy to areas of poor AQ, giving rise to high levels of concern. Spirometry testing has found mild deficits, mostly of an obstructive nature, in a third of those with ongoing symptoms post deployment. These have not been consistently linked with deployment length. An increased risk of asthma appears to be multi-factorial in aetiology and there is no evidence for an increased risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or histological pathology post deployment. At present, there is no definitive evidence of chronic respiratory disease due to exposure to poor AQ while deployed. Further objective longitudinal studies are required to continue to investigate the association, diagnosis and management of those with ongoing symptoms.
Uniform exhaust characteristics of new-type airbox components of continuous miner
Authors: Yan Honghong , Li Xiaoyu , Fu Zheng , Bai Zhiwei , Zhang Hong
Published: June 2023

When the dust removal system of the continuous mining machine works, the exhaust air volume cannot meet the design requirements due to the different pressure and uneven air speed in the exhaust duct. These will lead to an increase in the energy consumption of the fan. In this paper, the uniform exhaust mathematical model was established. A novel resistance plate member was developed on the basis of a uniform exhaust pipe with variable cross sections. The uniform exhaust characteristics of two different exhaust ducts were discussed. The influence of adding a resistance plate on the vibration characteristics of airbox components was analyzed. The results show that adding resistance plate members could significantly reduce the airflow resistance, deviation, and unevenness of the exhaust rate. When the excitation frequency is 130 Hz, the vibration response of the airbox components is stronger, and operation at this frequency should be avoided.
AGATA phase 2 advancements in front-end electronics
Authors: Collado J. , Capra S. , Pullia A. , Karkour N. , Houarner Ch. , Gonzalez V. , Wittwer G. , Boujrad A. , Kogimtzis M. , Lawson J. , Goasduff A. , Stezowski O. , Bonnin Ch. , Charles L. , Alaphilippe V. , Dosme N. , Esnault C. , Gibelin L. , Lafay X. , Legay E. , Linget D. , Cahoreau M. , Sidler D. , Vinther-Jørgensen G. , Civera J. V. , Duchêne G. , Clément E. , Lazarus I. , Gadea A.
Published: June 2023

The AGATA collaboration has a long-standing leadership in the development of front-end electronics for high resolution $$\gamma $$
γ
-ray spectroscopy using large volume high purity germanium detectors. For two decades, the AGATA collaboration has been developing state-of-the-art digital electronics processing with high resolution sampling ADC, high-speed signal transfer and fast readout to a high throughput computing (HTC) farm for on-line pulse shape analysis. The collaboration is presently addressing the next challenge of equipping a 4$$\pi $$
π
array with more than 6000 channels in high resolution mode, generating approximately 10 MHz of total trigger requests, coupled to a large variety of complementary instruments. A next generation of front-end electronics, presently under design, is based on industrial products (System on Module FPGA’s), has higher integration and lower power consumption. In this contribution, the conceptual design of the new electronics is presented. The results of the very first tests of the pre-production electronics are presented as well as future perspectives.
Optimal navigation of a smart active particle: directional and distance sensing
Authors: Putzke Mischa , Stark Holger
Published: June 2023

We employ Q learning, a variant of reinforcement learning, so that an active particle learns by itself to navigate on the fastest path toward a target while experiencing external forces and flow fields. As state variables, we use the distance and direction toward the target, and as action variables the active particle can choose a new orientation along which it moves with constant velocity. We explicitly investigate optimal navigation in a potential barrier/well and a uniform/ Poiseuille/swirling flow field. We show that Q learning is able to identify the fastest path and discuss the results. We also demonstrate that Q learning and applying the learned policy works when the particle orientation experiences thermal noise. However, the successful outcome strongly depends on the specific problem and the strength of noise.

Graphical abstract
Classification of ℚ-Fano 3-folds of Gorenstein index 2 via key varieties constructed from projective bundles
Authors: Takagi Hiromichi
Published: June 2023

We classified prime [Formula: see text]-Fano [Formula: see text]-folds [Formula: see text] with only [Formula: see text]-singularities and with [Formula: see text] a long time ago. The classification was undertaken by blowing up each [Formula: see text] at one [Formula: see text]-singularity and constructing a Sarkisov link. In this paper, revealing the geometries behind the Sarkisov link for [Formula: see text] in one of 5 classes, we show that [Formula: see text] can be embedded as a linear section into a bigger dimensional [Formula: see text]-Fano variety called a key variety. The key variety is constructed by extending partially the (modified) Sarkisov link in higher dimension, and turns out to be birational to a projective bundle over a certain Fano manifold.
Metabolomics Analysis of Electroacupuncture Pretreatment Induced Neuroprotection on Mice with Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Yang Su-Hao , Zhang Xin-Xiao , Zhong Zhan-Qiong , Luo Xia-Xia , Wang Yu-Fei , Xiao Xing-Ping , Huang Ze-Qin , Yu Si-Yi , Sun Jia-Yi , Liu Mei-Jun , Xiong Xiao-Yi
Published: June 2023

The brain metabolic changes caused by the interruption of blood supply are the initial factors of brain injury in ischemic stroke. Electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment has been shown to protect against ischemic stroke, but whether its neuroprotective mechanism involves metabolic regulation remains unclear. Based on our finding that EA pretreatment significantly alleviated ischemic brain injury in mice by reducing neuronal injury and death, we performed a gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS) to investigate the metabolic changes in the ischemic brain and whether EA pretreatment influenced these changes. First, we found that some glycolytic metabolites in the normal brain tissues were reduced by EA pretreatment, which may lay the foundation of neuroprotection for EA pretreatment against ischemic stroke. Then, 6[Formula: see text]h of cerebral ischemia-induced brain metabolic changes, especially the enhanced glycolysis, were partially reversed by EA pretreatment, which was manifested by the brain levels of 11 of 35 up-regulated metabolites and 18 of 27 down-regulated metabolites caused by cerebral ischemia significantly decreasing and increasing, respectively, due to EA pretreatment. A further pathway analysis showed that these 11 and 18 markedly changed metabolites were mainly involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, purine metabolism, aspartate metabolism, and the citric acid cycle. Additionally, we found that EA pretreatment raised the levels of neuroprotective metabolites in both normal and ischemic brain tissues. In conclusion, our study revealed that EA pretreatment may attenuate the ischemic brain injury by inhibiting glycolysis and increasing the levels of some neuroprotective metabolites.
Diosgenin Attenuates Myocardial Cell Apoptosis Triggered by Oxidative Stress through Estrogen Receptor to Activate the PI3K/Akt and ERK Axes
Authors: Chen Michael Yu-Chih , Tsai Bruce Chi-Kang , Kuo Wei-Wen , Kuo Chia-Hua , Lin Yueh-Min , Hsieh Dennis Jine-Yuan , Pai Pei-Ying , Liao Shih-Chieh , Huang Shang-En , Lee Shin-Da , Huang Chih-Yang
Published: June 2023

Cardiovascular diseases in post-menopausal women are on a rise. Oxidative stress is the main contributing factor to the etiology and pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Diosgenin, a member of steroidal sapogenin, is structurally similar to estrogen and has been shown to have antioxidant effects. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of diosgenin in preventing oxidation-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and assessed its potential as a substitute substance for estrogen in post-menopausal women. Apoptotic pathways and mitochondrial membrane potential were measured in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells and neonatal cardiomyocytes treated with diosgenin for 1[Formula: see text]h prior to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulation. H2O2-stimulated H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells displayed cytotoxicity and apoptosis via the activation of both Fas-dependent and mitochondria-dependent pathways. Additionally, it led to the instability of the mitochondrial membrane potential. However, the H2O2-induced H9c2 cell apoptosis was rescued by diosgenin through IGF1 survival pathway activation. This led to the recovery of the mitochondrial membrane potential by suppressing the Fas-dependent and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Diosgenin also inhibited H2O2-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis through the estrogen receptor interaction with PI3K/Akt and extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 activation in myocardial cells. In this study, we confirmed that diosgenin attenuated H2O2-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis through estrogen receptors-activated phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt and ERK signaling pathways in myocardial cells via estrogen receptor interaction. All results suggest that H2O2-induced myocardial damage is reduced by diosgenin due to its interaction with estrogen receptors to decrease the damage. Herein, we conclude that diosgenin might be a potential substitute substance for estrogen in post-menopausal women to prevent heart diseases.
Renoprotective Effect of Isoorientin in Diabetic Nephropathy via Activating Autophagy and Inhibiting the PI3K-AKT-TSC2-mTOR Pathway
Authors: Kong Zili , Xiao Min , Wang Bin , Zhang Wenjie , Che Kui , Lv Wenshan , Wang Yahao , Huang Yajing , Zhao Han , Zhao Yanyun , Qi Mengmeng , Chi Jingwei , Wang Yangang
Published: June 2023

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most serious complications of diabetes and the most common cause of death. The autophagy of podocytes plays an important role in the pathogenesis of DN. Here, through screening the constituent compounds of practical and useful Chinese herbal formulas, we identified that isoorientin (ISO) strongly promoted the autophagy of podocytes and could effectively protect podocytes from high glucose (HG)-induced injury. ISO significantly improved autophagic clearance of damaged mitochondria under HG conditions. Through a proteomics-based approach, we identified that ISO could reverse the excessive phosphorylation of TSC2 S939 under HG conditions and stimulate autophagy through inhibition of the PI3K-AKT-TSC2-mTOR pathway. Furthermore, ISO was predicted to bind to the SH2 domain of PI3Kp85[Formula: see text], which is crucial for the recruitment and activation of PI3K. The protective effect of ISO and its effects on autophagy and particularly on mitophagy were further proved using a DN mice model. To summarize, our study identified the protective effects of ISO against DN and demonstrated that ISO was a strong activator of autophagy, which could provide a basis for drug development.
Scheduling double-track gantry cranes to minimize the overall loading/ unloading time
Authors: Wang Jie , Chen Guangting , Xuan Xinle , Zhang An , Chen Yong , Wang Yuehuan , Zhang Hecheng
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we consider the gantry crane scheduling problem at a single storage block where a total of [Formula: see text] gantry cranes are mounted on double tracks so that cranes on different tracks can pass each other while those on the same track cannot. Containers at the storage block are divided into bays and each bay of containers has to be loaded/unloaded together due to the same shipping destination or the same customer. To minimize the overall loading/ unloading time of containers, we first formulate the problem to a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model, and compute the optimal solutions of small instances by the Gurobi solver. Then we design several heuristic algorithms and test their efficiency and performance by a series of large instances. In particular, we present a polynomial time approximation algorithm for the case where all but one gantry crane is mounted on the same track. We show that the algorithm has a worst case ratio of [Formula: see text], outperforming the partition-based algorithms in the single-track scenario.
The finite volume effects on the critical endpoint of chiral phase transition in Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model with different regularization schemes
Authors: Ping Siyuan , Zhang Xiaobing , Su Guifeng , Zhang Yi
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we study the influence of different regularization schemes on the critical endpoint (CEP) of chiral phase transition within a cubic box with volume [Formula: see text]. A two-flavor Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model at finite temperature [Formula: see text] and chemical potential [Formula: see text] is adopted as the effective model of the strong interacting matter. Due to the finite volume of the box, the momentum integral in gap equation is replaced by discrete summation, and an anti-periodic boundary condition for quark field is applied. We employ the Schwinger’s proper time and the Pauli–Villars regularization (PVR) schemes, respectively. It is found that the first-order phase transition line displays an intriguing “staircase” behavior, and eventually disappears as [Formula: see text] increases. In particular, there is no existence of the CEP for both regularization schemes in infinite volume limit [Formula: see text]. However, for the finite volume, the locations of the CEPs with proper time and PVR are determined, respectively.
Newton’s equations from quantum mechanics for a macroscopic body in the vacuum
Authors: Konishi Kenichi
Published: June 2023

Newton’s force law [Formula: see text] is derived from the Schrödinger equation for isolated macroscopic bodies, composite states of e.g. [Formula: see text] atoms and molecules, at finite body temperatures. We first review three aspects of quantum mechanics (QM) in this context: (i) Heisenberg’s uncertainty relations for their center of mass (CM), (ii) the diffusion of the CM wave packet, and (iii) a finite body temperature which implies a metastable (mixed-) state of the body: photon emissions and self-decoherence. They explain the origin of the classical trajectory for a macroscopic body. The ratio between the range [Formula: see text] over which the quantum fluctuations of its CM are effective, and the body’s (linear) size [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text], tells whether the body’s CM behaves classically or quantum mechanically, respectively. In the first case, Newton’s force law for its CM follows from the Ehrenfest theorem. We illustrate this for weak gravitational forces, a harmonic-oscillator potential, and for constant external electromagnetic fields slowly varying in space. The derivation of the canonical Hamilton equations for many-body systems is also discussed. Effects due to the body’s finite size such as the gravitational tidal forces appear in perturbation theory. Our work is consistent with the well-known idea that the emergence of classical physics in QM is due to the environment-induced decoherence, but complements and completes it, by clarifying the conditions under which Newton’s equations follow from QM, and by deriving them explicitly.
Design of Resource Efficient Binary and Floating Point Comparator Using FPGA Primitive Instantiation
Authors: Shivakumar Vikas , Vudadha Chetan
Published: June 2023

This paper presents the realization of binary and floating-point comparators on FPGA. The implementation is done by exploiting the primitive instantiation of FPGA resources which has enabled a significant improvement in resource utilization in terms of Look-Up Table (LUT) usage and overall combinational path delay when compared to the conventional inference approach. The comparator architectures are implemented using Vivado 2020.1 and ISE Design Suite 14.7 environment on multiple Xilinx FPGA platforms and are compared with the existing designs. The results indicate an improvement of 33.33% and 45.45% in LUT utilization, 14.41% and 30.73% in delay for 32-bit and 64-bit binary comparators respectively, compared to the existing architectures. The proposed floating-point comparator requires 88.57% and 285.29% lesser LUTs for single precision and double precision representation respectively, compared to the existing design.
Construction of symmetric cubic surfaces
Authors: Brundu Michela , Logar Alessandro , Polli Federico
Published: June 2023

We consider the action of the group [Formula: see text] on the smooth cubic surfaces of [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero). We classify, in an explicit way, all the smooth cubic surfaces with nontrivial stabilizer, the corresponding stabilizers and obtain a geometric description of each group in terms of permutations of the Eckardt points, of the [Formula: see text] lines or of the [Formula: see text] tritangent planes.
Virtually unipotent curves in some non-NPC graph manifolds
Authors: Douba Sami
Published: June 2023

Let [Formula: see text] be a graph manifold containing a single JSJ torus [Formula: see text] and whose JSJ blocks are of the form [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a compact orientable surface with boundary. We show that if [Formula: see text] does not admit a Riemannian metric of everywhere nonpositive sectional curvature, then there is an essential curve on [Formula: see text] such that any finite-dimensional linear representation of [Formula: see text] maps an element representing that curve to a matrix all of whose eigenvalues are roots of [Formula: see text]. In particular, this shows that [Formula: see text] does not admit a faithful finite-dimensional unitary representation, and gives a new proof that [Formula: see text] is not linear over any field of positive characteristic.
BIFURCATION ANALYSIS OF A MODIFIED LESLIE–GOWER PREDATOR–PREY MODEL WITH HUNTING COOPERATION AND FAVORABLE ADDITIONAL FOOD FOR PREDATOR
Authors: SAMADDAR SHILPA , DHAR MAUSUMI , BHATTACHARYA PARITOSH , GHOSH UTTAM
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we consider a modified Lasslie–Gower-type predator–prey model with the effect of hunting cooperation and favorable additional food for predator. We establish the conditions of positivity, boundedness, and permanence of solutions of the proposed model. Along with the trivial, predator free, prey free equilibrium points the system contains at most two coexistence equilibrium points. The system experiences the transcritical, saddle-node, Hopf, cusp, Bautin, and Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation depending on the model parameters. All the theoretical analyses are verified using numerical simulations. It is numerically established that the cooperation and extra food have high impact on the model dynamics.
UNRAVELING THE DYNAMICS OF EBOLA VIRUS WITH CONTACT TRACING AS CONTROL STRATEGY
Authors: ANDRAWUS JAMES , YUSUF ABDULLAHI , MUSTAPHA UMAR TASIU , ALSHOMRANI ALI S. , BALEANU DUMITRU
Published: June 2023

In this paper, a mathematical model of Ebola virus with contact tracing as a control strategy was developed and analyzed. We considered the model without contact tracing and with perfect contact tracing. The two sub-models have been explicitly analyzed. In the first sub-model, it has been found that the disease-free equilibrium (DFE) is both locally and globally asymptotically stable whenever the associated control reproduction number is less than one. The endemic equilibrium point (EEP) is globally asymptotically stable whenever the associated control reproduction number is greater than one. In the second sub-model, it has been found that the DFE is both locally and globally asymptotically stable whenever the control reproduction number is less than one. The EEP is globally asymptotically stable whenever the control reproduction number is greater than one. The full model has also been analyzed, which shows that the DFE is both locally and globally asymptotically stable whenever the associated control reproduction number is less than one. The EEP is globally asymptotically stable whenever the control reproduction number is greater than one. In sensitivity analysis part, effective contact rate for humans was very sensitive in increasing the basic reproduction number and personal hygiene was very sensitive in decreasing the basic reproduction number also, numerical simulation shows that the Ebola virus can be wiped out in society if contact tracing and personal hygiene can be implemented perfectly in the human population.
AN ECOSYSTEM MODEL WITH MEMORY EFFECT CONSIDERING GLOBAL WARMING PHENOMENA AND AN EXPONENTIAL FEAR FUNCTION
Authors: THIRTHAR ASHRAF ADNAN , PANJA PRABIR , KHAN AZIZ , ALQUDAH MANAR A. , ABDELJAWAD THABET
Published: June 2023

Global warming is becoming a big concern for the environment since it is causing serious and often unexpected impacts on species, affecting their abundance, genetic composition, behavior and survival. So, the modeling study is necessary to investigate the effects of global warming in predator–prey dynamics. This research paper analyzed the memory effect evaluated by Caputo fractional derivative on predator–prey interaction using an exponential fear function with a Holling-type II function in the presence of global warming effect on prey and predator species. It is assumed that the densities of prey and predator species decrease due to the increase of global warming. It is considered that both prey and predator species are contributing to the increase of global warming. Also, it is considered that global warming is increasing constantly and decreasing due to the natural decay rate. All possible equilibria of the system are determined, and the stability of the system around all equilibria points is investigated. Around the interior equilibrium point, the Hopf bifurcation is also theoretically and numerically studied. A number of numerical simulation results are presented to demonstrate the impacts of fear, fractional order and global warming on the behavior of the model. It is observed that the global warming effect on predator species may destabilize the system but ultimately the system may become stable. Again, it is obtained that the natural decay rate of global warming can stabilize the system initially but a higher decay rate may destabilized the system. It is also found that the fractional-order model is determined to be more stable than the integer-order model.
MILNE-TYPE FRACTAL INTEGRAL INEQUALITIES FOR GENERALIZED m-CONVEX MAPPING
Authors: AL-SA’DI SA’UD , BIBI MARIA , SEOL YOUNGSOO , MUDDASSAR MUHAMMAD
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we investigate the generalized Milne-type integral inequalities via the framework of generalized m-convex mappings on fractal sets. To accomplish this, we propose a new generalized integral identity that involves differentiable generalized [Formula: see text]-convex mappings. Based on the latest identity we drive a number of the latest fractal Milne-type integral inequalities. Also, we provide fractal Milne-type inequalities for bounded mappings. Some illustrative examples and applications to additional inequalities for the generalized special means and various error estimates for the generalized Milne-type quadrature formula are obtained to further support our results. The findings presented in this research offer important generalizations and extensions of previous work in the field.
High accuracy Gouy rotation measurement for the composition vortex beams using imaging technology
Authors: Chen Musheng , Lin Shunda , Zeng Yongxi , Wu Pinghui , Yu Yanzhong
Published: June 2023

The rotation characteristics of the composition Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) beams during the propagation are numerically analyzed. A simple rotation angle measure method based on imaging technology is proposed and demonstrated. First, the global feature points of the composite vortex pattern is extracted by the 8-connected boundary tracking algorithm. Then, the position coordinates of each feature point are calculated by using the weighting method. The rotation angle of each feature point relative to the center point is calculated under the coordinate system. Finally, the relative rotation angles of the composite vortex pattern at different positions relative to the original position are obtained. The results show that the measurement error reaches 10[Formula: see text] for composite beams with different sizes and beam waist, which is comparable to that of the theoretical value. The proposed method can be used to effectively and accurately measure the Gouy phase of the composite LG beams. We expect the proposed method will be benefit of the further research and application of Gouy phase.
An extensive investigation of crystalline, nonlinear, piezoelectric, optical, phase purity and electro-optic properties of doped ammonium dihydrogen phosphate single crystals
Authors: Priyadharshini R. S. , Saravanan M.
Published: June 2023

Pure single crystals of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) and crystals containing 1, 3, and 5[Formula: see text]mol% of itaconic acid (ITA) were generated by the slow evaporation of an aqueous solution. With the help of powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, we were able to show that doping puts a lot of stress on crystals. According to the of Vickers microhardness results, the addition of ITA causes the ADP to have a greater degree of abrasiveness. The SHG efficiency of ITA-doped ADP is greater than that of pure ADP. The presence of dopant was established using the energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The [Formula: see text]-scan method was used to investigate the third-order nonlinear optical characteristics of ITA–ADP crystals formed by the slow evaporation method on a variety of planes. A He–Ne laser with a wavelength of 632.8[Formula: see text]nm was used to carry out the investigation. The nonlinear absorption coefficient, nonlinear refractive index, and third-order nonlinear susceptibility of the ITA–ADP crystals were also plotted in detail. The piezoelectric charge coefficient of pure ADP is lower than that of the ITA-doped ADP. Analysis of the electro-optic investigation reveals lesser half-wave voltage of doped ADP.
Estimation of Petermann I, Petermann II spot sizes for Kerr-type nonlinear dispersion-shifted along with dispersion-flattened optical fibers in fundamental mode guidance applying a simple but accurate formalism
Authors: Majumdar Angshuman , Mukherjee Tilak , Gangopadhyay Sankar
Published: June 2023

This paper reports simplified but accurate form of analytical expressions concerning the estimation of Petermann I and II spot sizes. Typical examples of dispersion-managed fibers for fundamental mode guidance with suitable [Formula: see text] numbers have been considered in our investigation. We employ the mathematical formulation in the estimation of Petermann spot sizes for the said fibers under the absence and existence of Kerr-type nonlinearity. Iteration technique is utilized in our investigation. Our predicted outcomes show excellent agreement with the precise numerical results found by complicated finite element method both in the absence and presence of Kerr-kind nonlinearity.
Prediction Framework of Vortex-Induced Vibration of Steel Tubes in Transmission Towers Based on Generalized Wake Oscillator Model
Authors: Li Jiahong , Li Zhengliang , Wang Tao
Published: June 2023

Steel tube members with high slenderness ratios in transmission towers are susceptible to vortex-induced vibration (VIV), which can lead to fatigue damage once the vibration amplitude exceeds a certain threshold. This study proposes a VIV prediction framework for transmission tower steel tube members with semi-rigid constraints, based on the developed generalized wake oscillator model (GWOM). Firstly, the GWOM is established by coupling the nonlinear Van der Pol oscillator with the Euler–Bernoulli beam equation and incorporating semi-rigid boundary conditions. Meanwhile, the identification methods for the rotational stiffness and empirical parameters in the GWOM are presented, respectively. Second, a numerical solution scheme of the GWOM is derived based on the central difference method, and then a VIV prediction framework for steel tube members with arbitrary structural configuration is established. Comparisons with published experiments demonstrate that the proposed GWOM-based prediction framework has a promising accuracy in estimating the lock-in range and maximum VIV amplitude. The influence of semi-rigid constraints on the VIV of steel tube members is mainly manifested in the critical wind speed, but it has little effect on the amplitude branch. The proposed framework provides an efficient and cost–effective alternative to traditional experimental methods and computational fluid dynamics CFD simulations for predicting the VIV of steel tube members in transmission towers.
A Drive-By Methodology for Rapid Inspection of HSR Bridge Substructures Using Dynamic Responses of Passing Marshaling Trains
Authors: Wang Chuang , Zhan Jiawang , Wang Yujie , Zhang Fei , Pan Dajie
Published: June 2023

Drive-by methods hold tremendous potential for fast inspection and condition evaluation of bridges. However, most literature works focused on the bridge superstructures, and the applications of drive-by approaches to the substructures are quite rare. This paper numerically investigates the feasibility of detecting the damage in high-speed railway (HSR) bridge substructures using measured bogie acceleration responses from the passing marshaling trains. A damage indicator is developed as the work done by the change of the interaction force before and after damage when the vehicle passes through a pier. The interaction forces between the vehicle bogies and wheel-sets are estimated by a dual Kalman filter (DKF) from the dynamic responses of passing vehicles. A rapid inspection methodology is proposed for the interaction force identification and damage detection based on the coupling vehicle-girder-pier-foundation model. Parametric studies are conducted to investigate the influence of some factors on the proposed methodology. The results from this study indicate that the interaction forces and vehicle state can be well identified by the DKF algorithm, and the defined damage indicator is reliable for damage localization and indication of the damage level using vehicles travelling at a high speed. The proposed method shows good robustness to the pier damage combinations, vehicle parameters and track irregularity and can serve as an effective drive-by health monitoring strategy for HSR or even normal speed railway bridge substructures.
Syzygy properties under recollements of module categories
Authors: Wu Kaili , Wei Jiaqun
Published: June 2023

Let [Formula: see text] be an artin algebra and [Formula: see text] be an idempotent ideal of [Formula: see text]. Then there is a recollement of [Formula: see text] relative to [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we study some properties of Lat-syzygy-finite classes, special Lat-syzygy-finite classes and Lat-Igusa–Todorov classes. Then, we compare the algebras [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] with respect to Lat-syzygy-finite properties, special Lat-syzygy-finite properties and Lat-Igusa–Todorov properties under suitable conditions.
Zero-divisor graph and comaximal graph of rings of continuous functions with countable range
Authors: Bharati Rakesh , Acharyya Amrita , Ray A. Deb , Acharyya Sudip Kumar
Published: June 2023

In this paper, two outwardly different graphs, namely, the zero-divisor graph [Formula: see text] and the comaximal graph [Formula: see text] of the ring [Formula: see text] of all real-valued continuous functions having countable range, defined on any zero-dimensional space [Formula: see text], are investigated. It is observed that these two graphs exhibit resemblance, so far as the diameters, girths, connectedness, triangulatedness or hypertriangulatedness are concerned. However, the study reveals that the zero-divisor graph [Formula: see text] of an intermediate ring [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is complemented if and only if the space of all minimal prime ideals of [Formula: see text] is compact. Moreover, [Formula: see text] is complemented when and only when its subgraph [Formula: see text] is complemented. On the other hand, the comaximal graph of [Formula: see text] is complemented if and only if the comaximal graph of its over-ring [Formula: see text] is complemented and the latter graph is known to be complemented if and only if [Formula: see text] is a [Formula: see text]-space. Indeed, for a large class of spaces (i.e. for perfectly normal, strongly zero-dimensional spaces which are not P-spaces), [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are seen to be non-isomorphic. Defining appropriately the quotient of a graph, it is utilized to establish that for a discrete space [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] (= [Formula: see text]) and [Formula: see text] (= [Formula: see text]) are isomorphic, if [Formula: see text] is at most countable. Under the assumption of continuum hypothesis, the converse of this result is also shown to be true.