bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of a German-language modified Rankin Scale structured telephone interview at 3 months in a real-life stroke cohort
Authors: Milles Lennart Steffen , Pommeranz Doreen , Chae Woon Hyung , Kühne Escolà Jordi , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Köhrmann Martin , Frank Benedikt
Published: November 2023

Background

The modified Rankin scale (mRS) at 3 months is established as the primary outcome measure in clinical stroke trials. Traditionally, the mRS is assessed through an unstructured face-to-face interview. This approach can be labor-intensive and lead to suboptimal inter-rater reliability. Recently, the Covid-19 pandemic made face-to-face contact even more challenging. To address these issues, we developed and validated a structured German-language questionnaire for mRS testing by telephone.

Methods

In this prospective cohort study, we compared the mRS testing results of the standard face-to-face interview with those obtained in a structured interview by telephone using Cohen’s Kappa.

Results

At our tertiary care stroke center, we included 108 patients who underwent both assessments. In 80.6% of cases (87/108) face-to-face and telephone interview reached identical scores. Linear weighted Kappa was 0.82 (p < 0.001). Unweighted Kappa for dichotomized mRS between fair (0–2) and poor (3–6) functional outcome was κ = 0.97 (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Our study validates the use of the German-language structured telephone interview as a reliable instrument for the use in clinical trials. We encourage others to utilize the questionnaire. It is available as an Appendix (Additional file 1) to this publication.
Native pulmonary valve massive endocarditis in a drug-addicted patients with Covid-19 pneumonia: a case report
Authors: Garatti Andrea , Daprati Andrea , Ronco Lorenzo Lora , Sassi Carlo Gaetano , De Vincentiis Carlo
Published: November 2023

Background

Pulmonary valve (PV) infective endocarditis is a rare pathology. Association between acute endocarditis and Covid pneumonia is equally poorly investigated.

Case presentation

We present the case of a 50-year-old male active drug-abuser admitted for native PV endocarditis with huge and mobile vegetations and a concomitant interstitial SARS-Cov2 pneumonia. Surgical timing was carefully evaluated, and the patient was first treated with Remdesivir to prevent ARDS evolution. After 5 days he underwent PV replacement with bioprosthesis via patch enlargement of RVOT and a tricuspid valve De-Vega annuloplasty. The postoperative course was uneventful with complete resolution of sepsis and viremia.

Conclusions

The association between infective endocarditis and Covid pneumonia is emerging in the recent months. The reorganization in cardiac surgery hub centers resulted in an increase of urgencies referral, with consequent relative observation of some pathologies (i.e., endocarditis). The widespread administration of antibiotics and corticosteroids during the first phase of the pandemic could have contributed to the development of a moderate immunodepression of the general population and, during the pandemic, patients have been reluctant to access to hospital care, and this diagnostic delay could contribute to misdiagnosis or late presentation. We believe that in the present case, the strategy of immediate viral and respiratory stabilization, followed by a timely surgical procedure, allowed an excellent outcome in a very complicated situation.
Association between e-cigarette use and myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ashraf Muhammad Talal , Shaikh Asim , Khan Muhammad Khuzzaim Shakeel , Uddin Naseer , Kashif Muhammad Arham bin , Rizvi Syed Hassan Ahmed , Khalid Hammad , Sam Stafford Jude , Sohail Affan
Published: November 2023

Background

The popularity of e-cigarettes has risen dramatically over the last few years, particularly among the younger population. Although the use of combustible cigarettes has established evidence to be associated with the development of several adverse cardiopulmonary diseases, the investigations regarding the prospective long-term effects of e-cigarette use on the cardiovascular system have just begun. We set to investigate if there is an association between the history of MI and e-cigarette use among smokers and non-smokers?

Methods

The current review aims to assess the association of myocardial infarction with e-cigarette consumption. PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were queried up to October 2022 to identify articles assessing the incidence of myocardial infarction among e-cigarette users. Data were meta-analyzed using a random-effects model to derive odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals.

Results

Nine studies involving 984,764 patients were included. The mean age of e-cigarette smokers was less than the controls, and female participants dominated the sample size. E-cigarette users were associated with increased odds of MI than non-users [OR = 1.44; 95% CI (1.22, 1.74); P < 0.0001]. Dual users were also associated with increased odds of MI with large effect when compared to non-users [OR = 4.04; 95% CI (3.40, 4.81); P < 0.00001].

Conclusions

Dual use is associated with an increased risk of MI than e-cigarette use only. Similarly, dual and solely e-cigarette consumption patterns of nicotine delivery are at a higher risk of MI than non-smokers.
Women’s visibility and bargaining power in the common bean value chain in Mozambique
Authors: Maereka Enock K. , Nchanji Eileen B. , Nyamolo Victor , Cosmas Lutomia K. , Chataika Bartholomew Y.
Published: November 2023

Women are involved in bean production and marketing, but their contribution is often invisible. This study is interested in understanding gender gaps in bean production, marketing, and decision-making powers over income and sales. A mixed method was used to collect survey data from 332 farming households and qualitative data from focus group discussions and key informant interviews. The respondents in the study were young men (30.42%), young women (13.25%), adult men (35.84%) and adult women (20.48%). From the results, adult men and young men owned more land than adult women and young women. Common bean had the highest median price of MZN25.00 (US$1.25) per kg over other crops such as maize at MZN7.00 (US$0.35), soybean at MZN 10 (US$0.50), groundnut at MZN 17 (US$0.85) and cowpea at MZN10.00 (US$0.50). The study revealed gender disparities in the control of bean sales and income. While there were no differences in the volume of bean grain sales between adult men and adult women, there were significant differences (p < 0.05) between young men and young women. Compared to young women, young men sold twice the bean grain volume and earned nearly twice more income, despite the two groups producing comparable volumes of bean grain. In conclusion, unlike the prevailing consensus that legumes are women’s crops, the economic benefits, particularly in common bean, accrue more to young men than to any other category in this study.
Experimental investigation on corroded and non-corroded RC tunnels under different loading conditions
Authors: Abdelaal Ahmed , Youssef Ahmed
Published: November 2023

Underground reinforced concrete (RC) structures, such as tunnels and pipelines, are frequently employed in urban areas and are designed to withstand both static and seismic loads, including those that occur during earthquakes. However, the inspection of deteriorated underground structures has yielded valuable findings for the civil engineering community, highlighting the need for further experimental investigation of the various damage mechanisms affecting RC tunnels under different loading conditions. This research presents a comprehensive experimental study aimed at elucidating the damage mechanisms of underground RC structures exposed to various loading conditions. Specifically, the study includes experimental testing of the corrosion of tunnel reinforcement and an investigation into the overall performance of corroded tunnels. The experimental results indicate that existing vertical loads significantly impact the lateral carrying capacity and ductility of RC tunnels.
Variables associated with admission rates among cancer patients presenting to emergency departments: a CONCERN group study
Authors: Rico Juan Felipe , Caterino Jeffrey M. , Stephens Julie A. , Abar Beau , Adler David , Bastani Aveh , Bernstein Steven L. , Bischof Jason J. , Coyne Christopher J. , Grudzen Corita R. , Henning Daniel J. , Hudson Matthew F. , Klotz Adam D. , Lyman Gary H. , Madsen Troy E. , Reyes Cielito C. , Ryan Richard J. , Shapiro Nathan I. , Swor Robert , Thomas Charles R. , Venkat Arvind , Wilson Jason , Yeung Sai-Ching Jim , Yilmaz Sule , Baugh Christopher W.
Published: November 2023

Background

Patients with cancer visit the emergency department often and have a high rate of admission compared to other patients. Admission rates by institution may vary widely, even after accounting for patient and hospital-specific characteristics.

Objectives

To review the variables that affect admission rates among patients with cancer in the emergency department.

Methods

We performed a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study of patients with cancer at 18 emergency departments between March 1, 2016, and January 30, 2017, to examine differences in patient populations between hospitals with varying admission rates. We calculated the percentage admitted by hospital and used it to categorize hospitals into quartiles. We compared outcomes, patient demographics, and disease characteristics between the admission quartiles using linear or logistic regression.

Results

A total of 1075 patients were included. The median age of our sample was 64, and 51% of patients were female, 84% were white, and 13% were Black. Of the 1075 patients, 615 (57.2%) were admitted as inpatients with a range from 21.2 to 81.7% by hospital. Differences between admission quartiles were found for education, mode of arrival, and recent chemotherapy (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences among quartiles in age, gender, race, or ECOG score. We found significant difference between admission quartiles in 30-day emergency department revisits. Differences in readmission rates and mortality did not appear to be significant between the various quartiles.

Conclusions

In our study, we observed several differences among patients with cancer receiving care at hospitals with different admission rates. These included patients’ education level, mode of arrival, and whether they had received recent chemotherapy. Emergency Severity Index (ESI) score may have also contributed to admission rate variability. Further study into unmeasured factors influencing hospital admissions, such as local culture, resources, and pathways, could identify generalizable findings to reduce avoidable admissions and reduce variation among similar patients in different hospitals.
Stratal surfaces honoring seismic structures and interpreted geologic time surfaces
Authors: Wang Fu , Wu Xinming , Zeng Hongliu , Janson Xavier , Kerans Charles
Published: November 2023

Seismic horizons play a significant role in reservoir model construction and sedimentary facies interpretation, providing crucial low-frequency constraints for seismic inversion. In basin and regional interpretations, the assumption that seismic reflections represent a stratigraphic surface with constant geologic time is significant for guiding seismic interpretation. This assumption may fail when applied to local reservoir scales due to common geologic time transgressions of a particular event in regular wavelet frequency. There will be inconsistencies between seismic events and stratigraphic surfaces. To address this issue and obtain relatively accurate stratal interpretations, we develop a hybrid horizon extraction method honoring seismic structures and time-stratigraphic frameworks, in which seismic reflection structures provide local details and interpreted geologic time surfaces offer critical constraints. First, we develop concepts and a workflow using a realistic outcrop model. We develop a new geology-guided structure tensor by fitting a gradient vector of seismic images and geologic time surfaces. We also consider existing geologic conditions, such as unconformities, and fuse them into our method to calculate accurate slopes and generate reliable relative geologic time images at a fine scale, followed by making slices. Further, we extend our method to 3D seismic data volumes. Our experiments, conducted using simulated and field data, show the superiority and accuracy of our hybrid method compared with the slope-based and stratal slicing methods. These results highlight the potential for applying our method to fine-scale subsurface modeling.
Smartphone-Based Passive Sensing in Monitoring Patients With Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Stuijt Dominique G. , Radanovic Igor , Kos Milan , Schoones Jan W. , Stuurman Frederik E. , Exadaktylos Vasileios , Bins Adriaan D. , Bosch Jacobus J. , van Oijen Martijn G.H.
Published: November 2023

PURPOSE

Patients with cancer are prone to frequent unplanned hospital visits because of disease or treatment complications. Smartphone-based passive sensing (SBPS) comprises data collection using smartphone sensors or device usage patterns, which may be an affordable and burdenless technique for remote monitoring of patients with cancer and timely detection of safety events. The aim of this article was to systematically review the published literature to identify the current state of SBPS in oncology care and research.

METHODS

A literature search was done with cutoff date July 29, 2022, using six different databases. Articles were included if they reported original studies using SBPS in patients with cancer or cancer survivors. Data extracted from studies included type of sensors used, cancer type, study objectives, and main findings.

RESULTS

Twelve studies were included, the oldest report being from 2017. The most frequent of the nine analyzed sensors and smartphone analytics was the accelerometer (eight studies) and geolocation (eight studies), followed by call logs (two studies). Breast cancer was the most studied cancer type (eight studies with 111 patients), followed by GI cancers (six studies with 133 patients). All studies aiming for feasibility concluded that SBPS in oncology was feasible (seven studies). SBPS was used as a monitoring tool, with passively sensed data being correlated with adverse events, symptom burden, cancer-related fatigue, decision conflict, recovery trends after surgery, or psychosocial impact. SBPS was also used in one study as a predictive tool for health deterioration.

CONCLUSION

SBPS shows early promise in oncology, although it cannot yet replace traditional tools to monitor quality of life and clinical outcomes. For this, validation of SBPS will be required. Therefore, further research is warranted with this developing technique.
Intraoperative Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging to Assess Vessel Flow in Neurosurgery: A Pilot Study
Authors: Goldberg Johannes , Miller David R. , Dimanche Alexis , Kissling Cédric , Müller Timothy , Müller Mandy D. , Jesse Christopher Marvin , Murek Michael , Bervini David , Dunn Andrew K. , Raabe Andreas
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) has emerged as a promising tool for assessment of vessel flow during neurosurgery. We aimed to investigate the feasibility of visualizing vessel flow in the macrocirculation with a new fully microscope-integrated LSCI system and assess the validity and objectivity of findings compared with fluorescence angiography (FA).

METHODS:

This is a single-center prospective observational study enrolling adult patients requiring microsurgical treatment for brain vascular pathologies or brain tumors. Three independent raters, blinded toward findings of FA, reviewed regions of interest (ROIs) placed in exposed vessels and target structures. The primary end point was the validity of LSCI for assessment of vessel flow as measured by the agreement with FA. The secondary end point was objectivity, measured as the inter-rater agreement of LSCI findings.

RESULTS:

During 18 surgical procedures, 23 observations using FA and LSCI were captured simultaneously. Using LSCI, vessel flow was assessable in 62 (86.1%) and not assessable in 10 (13.9%) ROIs. The agreement between LSCI and FA was 86.1%, with an agreement coefficient of 0.85 (95% CI: 0.75-0.94). Disagreement between LSCI and FA was observed in the 10 ROIs that were not assessable. The agreement between ROIs that were assessable using LSCI and FA was 100%. The inter-rater agreement of LSCI findings was 87.9%, with an agreement coefficient of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.79-0.94).

CONCLUSION:

Fully microscope-integrated LSCI is feasible and has a high potential for clinical utility. Because of its characteristics, LSCI can be viewed as a full-field visual micro-Doppler that can be used as a complementary method to FA for assessing vessel flow during neurosurgery. Despite technical limitations related to the early development phase of the fully microscope-integrated system, we demonstrated reasonable validity and objectivity of findings compared with FA. Further research and refinement of the system may enhance its value in neurosurgical applications.
Tubb4b is required for multi-ciliogenesis in the mouse
Authors: Sewell Mycah T. , Legué Emilie , Liem Karel F.
Published: November 2023

Cilia are microtubule (MT)-based organelles present on the surface of nearly all vertebrate cells. MTs are polymers of α- and β-tubulins that are each encoded by multiple, individual isotype genes. Tubulin isotype composition is thought to influence MT behaviors. Ciliary MTs differ from other MTs in the cell in terms of organization, stability and post-translational modifications. However, little is known about the tubulin isotypes that build ciliary MTs and the functional requirements for tubulin isotypes in cilia have not been examined in vertebrates. Here, we have tested the role of the β-tubulin isotype genes in the mouse that harbor a conserved amino acid motif associated with ciliated organisms. We found that Tubb4b localizes to cilia in multi-ciliated cells (MCCs) specifically. In respiratory and oviduct MCCs, Tubb4b is asymmetrically localized within multi-cilia, indicating that the tubulin isotype composition changes along the length of the ciliary axonemal MTs. Deletion of Tubb4b resulted in striking structural defects within the axonemes of multi-cilia, without affecting primary cilia. These studies show that Tubb4b is essential for the formation of a specific MT-based subcellular organelle and sheds light on the requirements of tubulin isotypes in cilia.
Long-term effect of non-severe COVID-19 on pulmonary function, exercise capacities and physical activities: a cross-section study in Sakaka Aljouf
Authors: Alshammari Maha , SHANB ALSAYED , Alsubaiei Mohammed , youssef Enas
Published: November 2023

Background COVID-19 has serious consequences on different body systems particularly the respiratory system with its impact on pulmonary function, exercise capacities, and physical activities. This study aimed to investigate the long-term effect of COVID-19 on pulmonary function, exercise capacities, and physical activities in patients with non-severe COVID-19. Methods 160 individuals were selected to participate in a cross-section study. Group-I: 80 male and female patients with non-severe COVID-19 at least 3 months after the recovery time. Group-II: 80 male and female matched (non-infected with COVID-19) participants. The spirometer, six-minute walk test (6MWT), and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were used to assess pulmonary function, exercise capacities, and physical activities respectively. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to test normality of data. The Mann–Whitney and independent t-tests were used to compare the significant differences between both groups. Results The results show significant differences in FVC & FEV1 of the pulmonary function, exercise capacities, and physical activities of the work & transportations between both COVID-19 and matched groups p-value = (0.001 & 0.001, 0.001 and 0.005 & 0.012) respectively. Conclusion Pulmonary function, exercise capacities, and physical activities are negatively influenced by COVID-19 as long-term consequences indicating the need for extended health care, and prescription of proper rehabilitative training programs for non- severe COVID-19 patients whatever their severity degree of infection or history of hospitalization. Outcome reflections of the current results raise awareness of physical therapists to the importance of the proper rehabilitative training programs for non-severe COVID-19 patients.
Effect of reflex mediated core stabilization and system-based task-oriented approach on motor function and motor ability in children with developmental delay: protocol for a comparative study
Authors: Singh Swarna , Raghumahanti Raghuveer
Published: November 2023

Background When a child doesn’t meet the developmental milestones at the same rate as peers their own age, it is considered to be a developmental delay. Its severity can be divided into three categories: minimal (functional age < 33% of chronological age), intermediate (34-66% of chronological age), and severe (functional age > 66% of chronological age), and has several impairments including motor, speech, and learning. In motor impairment, there is a significant delay in fine and gross motor skills, including stiff muscles, loose trunk and limbs, limited movement in the legs and an inability to bear weight on feet and/or legs. To avoid long-term disability, early detection and intervention are essential. This study will aim to identify the effect of a reflex-mediated core stabilization and a system-based task-oriented approach on motor function and motor ability in children with developmental delay. Methods A total of 54 children with developmental delay who meet the eligibility criteria will be chosen for the prospective experimental design trial and will be assigned into two groups. Group A will undergo reflex-mediated core stabilization along with conventional therapy, while Group B will undergo a system-based task-oriented approach along with conventional therapy. The session will extend for 60 minutes each day, six days per week for six weeks. Gross Motor Function Measure version 88 (GMFM-88), Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) as outcomes will be assessed at baseline, after two weeks, four weeks, and after completion of the entire treatment protocol. Conclusions The data will be compiled and analyzed to compare the effectiveness of the interventions. Registration Clinical Trials Registry India (CTRI/2023/08/055998, registered on 01/08/23).
Masters in health professions education programs as they choose to represent themselves: A website review
Authors: Schermerhorn Janse , Wilcox Shelby , Durning Steven , Costello Joseph , Norton Candace , Meyer Holly
Published: November 2023

Introduction In an age of increasingly face-to-face, blended, and online Health Professions Education, students have more choices of institutions at which to study their degree. For an applicant, oftentimes, the first step is to learn more about a program through its website. Websites allow programs to convey their unique voice and to share their mission and values with others such as applicants, researchers, and academics. Additionally, as the number of master in health professions education (MHPE), or equivalent, programs rapidly grows, websites can share the priorities of these programs. Methods In this study, we conducted a website review of 158 MHPE websites to explore their geographical distributions, missions, educational concentrations, and various programmatic components. Results We compiled this information and synthesized pertinent aspects, such as program similarities and differences, or highlighted the omission of critical data. Conclusions Given that websites are often the first point of contact for prospective applicants, curious collaborators, and potential faculty, the digital image of MHPE programs matters. We believe our findings demonstrate opportunities for growth within institutions and assist the field in identifying the priorities of MHPE programs. As programs begin to shape their websites with more intentionality, they can reflect their relative divergence/convergence compared to other programs as they see fit and, therefore, attract individuals to best match this identity. Periodic reviews of the breadth of programs, such as those undergone here, are necessary to capture diversifying goals, and serves to help advance the field of MHPE as a whole.
Faculty development for strengthening online teaching capability: a mixed-methods study of what staff want, evaluated with Kirkpatrick’s model of teaching effectiveness
Authors: Singleton Rachelle , Ruiz Cosignani Daniela , Kam Monica , Clune Megan , Charlton Amanda , Jowsey Tanisha
Published: November 2023

Background Globally, tertiary teachers are increasingly being pushed and pulled into online teaching. While most developments in online education have focused on the student perspective, few studies have reported faculty development (FD) initiatives for increasing online teaching capability and confidence from a staff perspective. Methods We designed and evaluated FD workshops, using five datasets, and the use of H5P software for interactive online teaching. We used educational theory to design our FD (Mayer multimedia principles, active learning) and evaluated our FD initiatives using the Best Evidence Medical Education (BEME) 2006 modified Kirkpatrick levels. Results Teaching staff reported that Communities of Practice were important for their learning and emotional support. Uptake and deployment of FD skills depended on the interactivity of FD sessions, their timeliness, and sufficient time allocated to attend and implement. Staff who applied FD learning to their online teaching created interactive learning resources. This content was associated with an increase in student grades, and the roll-out of an institutional site-wide H5P license. Conclusion This paper demonstrates an effective strategy for upskilling and upscaling faculty development. The use of H5P as a teaching tool enhances student learning. For successful FD, we make four recommendations. These are: provide just-in-time learning and allocate time for FD and staff to create online teaching material; foster supportive communities; offer personalized support; and design hands on active learning.
Cinco arquitectos: reflexionan sobre Sostres: relatos de lo ya visto
Authors: Sanz Botey José Luis
Published: November 2023

Josep Quetglas, Caries Martí, Manuel del Llano, Antonio Armesto y Xavier Monteys reflexionan sobre la figura del arquitecto Josep María Sastres a raíz de la exposición que se presentó en el COAC de Barcelona del 5 de mayo hasta el 12 de junio.
Arquitectura de la ilusión
Authors: Sanz Botey José Luis
Published: November 2023

El autor descubre en ese artículo el carácter espectacular de la arquitectura de hoy a través de todos aquellos elementos que determinan la naturaleza del espectáculo y que ya eran elocuentes en la arquitectura de las vanguardias históricas. A partir de esas definiciones establece un marco comparativo entre los ideales de vanguardias y posvanguardias.
Artefactos de los nuevos sistemas urbanos.
Authors: Hernández Pezzi Carlos
Published: November 2023

Desde una perspectiva cultural, el autor examina los comportamientos de la arquitectura en el medio ambiente como artefacto y como lenguaje. Para significar el desarraigo cultural o la arquitectura antiurbana, en términos análogos a una problemática medioambiental, se puede hablar de «ruido de la arquitectura» o de «contaminación de/lenguaje».
Algunos fetiches del ecologismo profundo.
Authors: Colabidas Felipe
Published: November 2023

El autor teme por un posible «ecologismo profundo» y doctrinario que como movimiento social inducido y manipulado pone en peligro la centralidad humana. Ante ese peligro resalta las distintas formas de reciprocidad entre la naturaleza y lo humano.
Supporting maternity teams
Authors: Harrington Siân , Winter Cathy , Lattey Katherine , Athwal Sharan , Muchatuta Neil , Draycott Tim , James Mark
Published: November 2023

The PROMPT Maternity Foundation aims to reduce preventable harm to mothers and babies in maternity care by making effective multi-professional training as widely available as possible
Secrets of a healthier smile
Authors: Garlo Nina
Published: November 2023

Nina Garlo lists the ten best things to bite into for a healthier and happier mouth.
Maximising implants
Authors: Symons Anne
Published: November 2023

Anne Symons explains how best to extend the longevity of dental implants.
Giving viruses the cold shoulder
Authors: Varney Nicky
Published: November 2023

Nickey Varney details the importance of excellent infection prevention within the practice.
Celebrating 80 years of NEBDN
Authors: Ellwood Fiona
Published: November 2023

Fiona Ellwood gives a dental nursing history of the NEBDN.
Going for it!
Authors: O'Neill Hayleigh
Published: November 2023

Hayley O'Neill discusses her transition from budding dental nurse to flourishing entrepreneur.
Index Crossref, Integrity, Professional And Institutional Development by Engjellushe Zenelaj
Authors:   Reald University College, enelaj Engjellushe
Published: November 2023

This poster is presented by Engjellushe Zenelaj, Reald University College, Vlore Albania, at #Crossref2023 annual meeting and board election.
DOI registration for scholarly blogs by Martin Fenner
Authors:   Front Matter, Fenner Martin
Published: November 2023

This poster is presented by Martin Fenner, Front Matter at #Crossref2023 annual meeting and board election on October 31, 2023.
An Effective Approach for Solving Multi-objective Transportation Problem
Authors: Kaur Lakhveer , Singh Sukhveer , Bhandari Ashok Singh , Singh Sandeep , Ram Mangey
Published: November 2023

In this present study, a transportation problem is considered such that the total cost and time of transportation are minimized without taking into account their priorities. In literature, there are less techniques available for finding the efficient solutions of multi-objective transportation problem. So, we developed a heuristic algorithm to find most efficient solution of multi-objective transportation problem, which gives efficient solution with minimum difference from ideal solution. Firstly, we aim at formulating a multi-objective transportation problems along with a novel algorithm to find efficient solutions. The proposed algorithm gives optimal solution faster in comparison to other available techniques in literature for the given multi-objective transportation problem. Moreover, it avoids the degeneracy as well as requires low computational effort. Furthermore, an illustrative example is provided to show the feasibility and applicability of the proposed approach and compare the results with the existing approaches to show the effectiveness of it.
The Predicted Failure on A Two-Dimensional Warranty Using the Bayesian Approach
Authors: Lukitosari Valeriana , Surjanto Sentot Didik , Safarina Sena , Baihaqi Komar , Ummah Sri Irna Solihatun
Published: November 2023

Traditionally, the warranty cost is assumed to be the cost of repairs based on the average cost that arises from a damage claim. Several studies have considered the Least Square and Maximum Likelihood Estimation methods in estimating the parameters of the failure distribution. However, this study uses the Bayesian method using the posterior distribution obtained from the prior distribution and the likelihood function. The Bayesian approach is more optimal to use in estimating parameters because it has the smallest value of Aikaike’s Information Criterion (AIC) compared to other methods. Failure expectations that are close to natural can be used to analyze survival to determine how long a product will last before the failure. The numerical example in this study, is the type of motorcycle with an engine capacity of 125 CC with the Weibull distribution, while the 150 CC and 160 CC with Exponential distribution. The novelty in this study is that the free repair approach in two-dimensional can be anticipated with failure considering the dimensions of age and mileage.
Adolescent male friendships 28 years later: adult criminal offences and domestic/intimate partner violence
Authors: O’Donnell Clifford R.
Published: November 2023

Adult arrest records were examined for a cohort of 150 public high school males named as friends by classmates 28 years earlier. The overall adult arrest rate was 35.3%. The arrest rate for males with at least one disciplinary referral was 59.2%. Friendship data were divided into offender–offender, offender–non-offender and non-offender–non-offender dyads. The proportion of offender–offender dyads was four times greater than offender–non-offender dyads, both for those with and without disciplinary referrals. These results are interpreted as indications of the possible influence of high school friends on adult offences. Arrests were disproportionally for violent offences against females among those who shared high school friendships. An interpretation that negative attitudes, emotions and behaviour toward females formed during activities with friends in high school, leading to a trajectory of violence towards women, is presented. Recommendations are made for interventions for adolescent male anger towards females to prevent adult domestic and intimate partner violence. Suggested interventions include anger management, school violence prevention, dating violence prevention and youth mentoring programmes. Also recommended is to change punitive school policies that bring students with behaviour problems together to opportunities for positive experiences, such as through organised activities, volunteer service in the community and restorative justice practices.
Privacy in Digital Payments—Escaping the Panopticon
Authors: Uhlig Harald , Alonso Mike , Frost Jon
Published: November 2023

Abstract: Digital payment innovations increase the tension between the right to privacy and combating illicit activity. Democratic societies must rise to the challenge of striking the proper balance. This will not be easy. Whether with bank accounts, cryptocurrencies, or central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), society needs an open dialogue on how to ensure the privacy of payments data. For CBDCs, technological and institutional safeguards must be used to help.
Improving the multi-functionality of optical tweezers with FPGA integration
Authors: Liu Shuo , Fan Xudong , Qu Zhelin , Fang Changfeng , Feng Chao , Zhao Xian , Wang Jun-Lei
Published: November 2023

The development of optical tweezers aims to extend their operating function and pattern. However, excessive programming can lead to a decrease in the system’s operating speed and introduce bugs or data transmission delays. In this study, we present a time-shared optical tweezers system that allows for parallel operation of multiple functions. To enable efficient data transmission, we employ a queue structure and a buffer. To assess the system’s performance, we utilize a biological sample in conjunction with the optical tweezers system and scanning imaging technique. We quantify the trapping parameter while concurrently running power stabilization programs. As a result, the standard deviation of the measured stiffness is reduced by 60% in the x and y directions and 30% in the z direction, indicating a significant improvement in calibration precision. Throughout the program execution, the system maintains an operating rate of 110 kHz, and the data are continuously updated in real time on the host. The system’s performance demonstrates its potential for quantification and morphological reconstruction of biological samples.
Theoretical and experimental study on stable oscillation of dual-frequency signals in an optoelectronic oscillator
Authors: Chen Yuan , Fan Zhiqiang , Qiu Qi
Published: November 2023

Due to the gain competition effect, it is hard to simultaneously maintain oscillation at two frequencies in an optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) loop. In this paper, a study of the gain competition effect in a dual-frequency OEO is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated. The steady-state conditions in the dual-frequency OEO are theoretically analyzed by deriving dynamic equations. A nonlinear time-varying model, as well as its calculation methods, is carried out to design and study the dynamic process of the dual-frequency OEO. Thanks to this model, the waveform, spectrum, and amplitude evaluation of generated signals, as well as the gain variation in the OEO loop, are numerically simulated. Based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation results, three schemes that can suppress the gain competition effect are proposed, and the one based on wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology is experimentally realized. The experimental results show that the novel independently tunable dual-frequency OEO, to the best of our knowledge, can generate two-tone RF signals in a range from 1.8 to 18.6 and 1.5 to 18.3 GHz, respectively.
Outage probability analysis of a cooperative NOMA UWOC system with multiuser scheduling under weak oceanic turbulence
Authors: Chen Wenwen , Wang Ping , Ooi Boon S. , Pang Weina , Zhou Binna
Published: November 2023

A downlink cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) multiuser underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system with a greedy scheduling scheme has been proposed for the Internet of Underwater Things. In particular, the near user plays as a relay to assist the far user, and both decode-and-forward and amplify-and-forward relaying protocols are considered. Relying on the Gauss-Laguerre quadrature formula, the analytical expressions for the outage probability of users are derived considering the degrading effects of the underwater channel, namely, absorption, scattering, and turbulence-induced fading. The outage performance is further analyzed systematically under different water types, targeted data rates, the number of users, the receiver aperture size, and the power allocation coefficient. Numerical results demonstrate that the performance of the far user can be improved by the proposed cooperative NOMA technology. Moreover, the proposed cooperative NOMA system performs better compared with both conventional OMA and non-cooperative NOMA systems. Monte Carlo simulation results are presented to confirm the accuracy of derived expressions, which have a tight agreement with analytical results.
Multi-field cosine condition in the design of wide-field freeform microscope objectives
Authors: Wang Menghui , Zhu Jun
Published: November 2023

To break through the limitations of the classical sine condition, a multi-field cosine condition (MCC) is proposed in this paper. Building on this condition, a design method for wide field-of-view (FOV) freeform aplanatic systems is also proposed. This design method ensures that the optical system meets the MCC by correcting the mapping relationships of rays that originate from different apertures on both the object and image sides of the optical system. Using this method, we have successfully designed a chromatic-aberration-free and unobstructed freeform off-axis reflective microscope objective that is characterized by a wide FOV, an extensive spectral working range, and an extended working distance. The objective, which comprises only three freeform mirrors, has a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.4, magnification of 20×, an FOV of 2 mm × 2 mm, and an extended working distance of up to 60 mm. The objective demonstrates imaging quality close to the diffraction limit across the visible band to the short-wave infrared band (0.4–3 µm). When compared with a transmission-type wide-field microscope objective with identical NA and magnification properties, the reflective microscope objective nearly triples the FOV.
Self-induced back-action for aperture trapping: Bethe-Rayleigh theory
Authors: Mathew Samuel , Gordon Reuven
Published: November 2023

A dielectric (nano)particle can influence the local electromagnetic field and thereby alter its interaction with that field through the process of self-induced back-action. While this phenomenon is usually considered theoretically as a change in a cavity resonance frequency, such theoretical approaches are not as appropriate when considering systems away from resonance, such as with a subwavelength aperture in a metal film. Here we consider the interaction between an aperture, modelled with Bethe theory as a magnetic dipole, and a Rayleigh particle, modelled as an electric dipole. Using this magnetic dipole – electric dipole interaction, we quantify the self-induced back-action of the particle on the aperture transmission and the optical trapping potential. The model shows quantitative agreement with finite-difference time-domain simulations. This shows that the physics of self-induced back-action for an aperture and a nanoparticle can be understood in terms of dipole-dipole coupling.
Folded interferometer to measure coherence–polarization matrix
Authors: Chandra Sourav , Gautam Akanksha , Singh Rakesh Kumar
Published: November 2023

We present and experimentally demonstrate a new, to the best of our knowledge, technique to quantitatively measure coherence–polarization (BCP) matrix with correlations of only two Stokes fluctuations. The BCP matrix is a square matrix with four elements that involves two-point correlations among orthogonal polarization components. A theoretical framework of the technique is developed, and its viability is demonstrated by a proof of principle experiment. Experimental tests and measurement of the elements of the BCP matrix of statistically stationary beams are demonstrated.
Significance of the Longitudinal Component of Paraxial Light in
Position-dependent Selection Rules for Quadrupole Atomic Transitions
Authors: Alharbi Abdullah , Lyras Andreas , Lembessis Vassilis
Published: November 2023

It is well established that the longitudinal component of paraxial optical vortices has a key role in specific atomic quadrupole transitions near the beam axis when the spin and orbital angular momenta are antiparallel. By deriving analytical expressions for the position-dependent selection rules, this work shows that the significant role of the longitudinal fields is not limited to this case, but rather is a more general feature for any paraxial light including, for example, optical vortices with parallel spin and orbital angular momenta as well as Guassian beams. Numerically, the transition rates induced by the weaker longitudinal component can be twice as high as those by the stronger transverse component. We also show that there are transitions that can be induced exclusively by the longitudinal component for light carrying two quanta of orbital angular momentum.
Observed changes in hydroclimate attributed to human forcing
Authors: Herrera Dimitris A. , Cook Benjamin I. , Fasullo John , Anchukaitis Kevin J. , Alessi Marc , Martinez Carlos J. , Evans Colin P. , Li Xiaolu , Ellis Kelsey N. , Mendez Rafael , Ault Toby , Centella Abel , Stephenson Tannecia S. , Taylor Michael A.
Published: November 2023

Observational and modeling studies indicate significant changes in the global hydroclimate in the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries due to anthropogenic climate change. In this review, we analyze the recent literature on the observed changes in hydroclimate attributable to anthropogenic forcing, the physical and biological mechanisms underlying those changes, and the advantages and limitations of current detection and attribution methods. Changes in the magnitude and spatial patterns of precipitation minus evaporation (P–E) are consistent with increased water vapor content driven by higher temperatures. While thermodynamics explains most of the observed changes, the contribution of dynamics is not yet well constrained, especially at regional and local scales, due to limitations in observations and climate models. Anthropogenic climate change has also increased the severity and likelihood of contemporaneous droughts in southwestern North America, southwestern South America, the Mediterranean, and the Caribbean. An increased frequency of extreme precipitation events and shifts in phenology has also been attributed to anthropogenic climate change. While considerable uncertainties persist on the role of plant physiology in modulating hydroclimate and vice versa, emerging evidence indicates that increased canopy water demand and longer growing seasons negate the water-saving effects from increased water-use efficiency.
Food & You: A digital cohort on personalized nutrition
Authors: Héritier Harris , Allémann Chloé , Balakiriev Oleksandr , Boulanger Victor , Carroll Sean F. , Froidevaux Noé , Hugon Germain , Jaquet Yannis , Kebaili Djilani , Riccardi Sandra , Rousseau-Leupin Geneviève , Salathé Rahel M. , Salzmann Talia , Singh Rohan , Symul Laura , Ugurlu-Baud Elif , de Verteuil Peter , Salathé Marcel
Published: November 2023

Nutrition is a key contributor to health. Recently, several studies have identified associations between factors such as microbiota composition and health-related responses to dietary intake, raising the potential of personalized nutritional recommendations. To further our understanding of personalized nutrition, detailed individual data must be collected from participants in their day-to-day lives. However, this is challenging in conventional studies that require clinical measurements and site visits. So-called digital or remote cohorts allow in situ data collection on a daily basis through mobile applications, online services, and wearable sensors, but they raise questions about study retention and data quality. “Food & You” is a personalized nutrition study implemented as a digital cohort in which participants track food intake, physical activity, gut microbiota, glycemia, and other data for two to four weeks. Here, we describe the study protocol, report on study completion rates, and describe the collected data, focusing on assessing their quality and reliability. Overall, the study collected data from over 1000 participants, including high-resolution data of nutritional intake of more than 46 million kcal collected from 315,126 dishes over 23,335 participant days, 1,470,030 blood glucose measurements, 49,110 survey responses, and 1,024 stool samples for gut microbiota analysis. Retention was high, with over 60% of the enrolled participants completing the study. Various data quality assessment efforts suggest the captured high-resolution nutritional data accurately reflect individual diet patterns, paving the way for digital cohorts as a typical study design for personalized nutrition.