bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Response of Phytochemicals in Bush Tea (Athrixia phylicoides DC.) as Influenced by Selected Micronutrients
Authors: Vuwani Maedza K. , Nkomo Mpumelelo , Ngezimana Wonder , Makunga Nokwanda P. , Mudau Fhatuwani N.
Published: August 2017

Bush tea (Athrixia phylicoides DC.) is an herbal beverage and medicinal plant indigenous to South Africa. This study evaluated the effects of micronutrients on bush tea quality. Treatments consisted of single applications of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), boron (Bo), iron (Fe), and magnesium (Mg) at three levels (50, 100, and 150 mL/L) and a combination of all micronutrients. A control treatment with no spray was also included. Tea samples were analyzed using head space solid phase microextraction gas chromatography linked to mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). A significant change in the metabolite profile of bush tea was noted. Five major compounds were identified (>80% identification probability) namely alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, myrcene, beta-caryophyllene, and caryophyllene oxide. A linear relationship between percentage leaf tissues and treatment levels of micronutrients in bush tea was also observed. The liquid chromatography linked to mass spectrometry (LC–MS) showed no significant qualitative difference between the control and the micronutrient treatments. There were significant quantitative differences between the control and treatments applied at 50 and 100 mL/L and the combination (B + Zn + Fe + Cu + Mg) applied at 10 and 20 mL/L. The application of micronutrients did have an influence on the metabolite quantities as has been reported with most secondary metabolite fluctuations caused by plant–environment interactions. Altering the micronutrient application may be a possible solution in achieving commercial agricultural production of this medicinal beverage.
Predicting Nitrogen Release from Parabolic-type Resin-coated Urea in Greenhouse Tomato and Cucumber Production
Authors: Xiao Qiang , Fan XiaoHui , Ni XiaoHui , Li LiXia , Zou GuoYuan , Cao Bing
Published: August 2017

Increasing commercial use of controlled release fertilizer (CRF) has prompted the need to predict N release simply and viably in the greenhouse environment. Two CRFs were tested, i.e., P40d and P100d by incubating them for 40 or 100 days either in static water at 10, 15, 20, 25, and 35 °C or in the soil of vegetable plots in a greenhouse lacking temperature controls. Cumulative nitrogen release (CNR) from a CRF was represented by a parabola curve and significantly affected by the incubation temperature. A method to calculate Nm (the maximum N release percentage from CRF) was established using a first-order kinetic equation and the method of least squares. Nm was 90.9% to 99.9% for P40d and 72.1% to 87.1% for P100d at 10–35 °C, respectively. A relationship function between the N release rate and naturally fluctuating greenhouse soil temperatures was established using the activation energy of the N release reaction. Then a model was constructed with field temperature as the variable to predict N release throughout the entire greenhouse crop production season. The value of ψ representing a property of the coating material of a CRF is ≈1.0 for the release period of the CRF of 35–55 days and ≈1.2 of 80–120 days. We validated the model using two seasons of greenhouse tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L., and cucumber, Cucumis sativus L., production data, and found that the error was less than 12% points. This indicated that the constructed model was sufficiently simple, practical, and accurate for use by growers, and fertilizer industry and regulatory personnel.
A Study of Oxygenation Techniques and the Chlorophyll Responses of Pelargonium tomentosum Grown in Deep Water Culture Hydroponics
Authors: Butcher Joshua D. , Laubscher Charles P. , Coetzee Johannes C.
Published: August 2017

Pelargonium tomentosum Jacq.; the peppermint-scented pelargonium, is an herbaceous groundcover indigenous to the Western Cape of South Africa. Volatile oils are produced by this plant, which are used in the fragrance industry. Studies on other Pelargonium species have shown chlorophyll content may affect the yield of essential oils. This study was carried out to investigate the viability of growing P. tomentosum in deep water culture (DWC) hydroponics and how best to aerate/oxygenate the nutrient solution to increase the chlorophyll content within leaves. The experiment was conducted over a period of 74 days, 16 different methods of oxygenation were applied to 9 replicates. The control had passive aeration; the treatments were made up of air-pumps, vortex oxygenators, and the application of hydrogen peroxide at various frequency intervals; these were combined with each other and run as separate oxygenation methods. The measurement of the chlorophyll content of plant leaves has been established to be an accurate way of establishing vigor, health, and levels of stress. It was found that the combination of high-frequency application (every third day) of hydrogen peroxide, vortex oxygenation, and air-pump injection (both operational for 24 hours/day) which formed treatment 11 (APVHa), yielded the highest production of chlorophyll within all the replicates differing significantly (P ≤ 0.001) from the control and other treatments.
Effects of Uneven Vertical Distribution of Soil Salinity on Blossom-end Rot of Tomato Fruit
Authors: Chen Sheng , Wang Zhenchang , Zhang Zhanyu , Guo Xiangping , Wu Mengyang , Rasool Ghulam , Qiu Rangjian , Wang Xiaojun
Published: August 2017

Soil salinity influences plant growth and crop yield significantly. Former studies indicated that uneven salt distribution in the root zone could relieve salt stress. But, how uneven salt distribution influences Na+ and Ca2+ concentration in the stem, leaf, and fruit and whether this influence would bring effects on fruit blossom-end rot (BER) still needs to be further studied. Under consideration of this, pot experiment with four treatments, T1:1, T1:5, T2:4, and T3:3, was conducted by setting the upper soil layer salinity at 1‰, 1‰, 2‰, and 3‰ and the lower soil layer at salinities of 1‰, 5‰, 4‰, and 3‰, respectively. Compared with the uniform salt concentration in the root zone (T3:3 treatment), the incidence of BER in the T1:5 and T2:4 treatments decreased by 60% and 35%, respectively. The fruit Na+ concentration and Na+/Ca2+ ratio were positively correlated with the incidence of BER. The value of the upper-root selective absorption Ca2+ over Na+ (SCa/Na(upper root)) for T1:5 was 0.8 times more than that of T1:1. The results showed that the incidence of BER was positively correlated with root dry matter and SCa/Na(root) weighted mean salinity. The overall results suggested that uneven salt distribution in the root zone could promote the Ca2+ absorption, Ca2+/Na+ ratio, and selective absorption Ca2+ over Na+ and consequently decrease the incidence of BER in tomato fruit.
Efficient In Vitro Plant Regeneration from Internode Explants of Ibervillea sonorae: An Antidiabetic Medicinal Plant
Authors: Arciniega-Carreón Ilse-Yazmín , Oliver-Salvador Carmen , Ramírez-Sotelo María-Guadalupe , Salas Carlos Edmundo
Published: August 2017

Ibervillea sonorae is a medicinal plant mainly used to treat diabetes, ulcers, and other metabolic disorders. A regeneration protocol using internode segments containing axillary buds grown on Gamborg medium (B5) supplemented with 0.5 mg·L−1 α-naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA), 0.5 mg·L−1 N6-benzyladenine (BA), and 1.0 mg·L−1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) successfully regenerated shoots in I. sonorae explants. The induction of organogenic calli attained 100% efficiency. The highest percent shoot production was 87.5% with a mean of 9.17 shoots per explant on day 15, and the maximum length of 5.8 cm was observed on day 21. Regenerated shoots induced roots in B5 medium supplemented with 0.5–3.0 mg·L−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The maximum rooting frequency observed in the medium containing 2.0 mg·L−1 IBA was 83.3% which promoted long, thick roots on day 21. The plantlets with emerging roots grown at the culture facility attained 50% survival after acclimatization for 30 d. The account describes a simple and efficient protocol for in vitro plant regeneration, and this micropropagation procedure offers an alternative for preservation of this medicinal plant.
Production and Identification of a Tetraploid Germplasm of Edible Lilium davidii var. unicolor Salisb via Chromosome Doubling
Authors: Feng Yayan , Xu Leifeng , Yang Panpan , Xu Hua , Cao Yuwei , Tang Yuchao , Yuan Suxia , Ming Jun
Published: August 2017

Lilium davidii var. unicolor Salisb is a cultivar of Lilium (Liliaceae) with important edible and ornamental characteristic. The application and production of Lilium davidii var. unicolor Salisb were still facing large problems because of its several disadvantages such as narrow range of adaptability, small annual growth increment, and low fertility. To achieve broader environmental adaptability and obtain a more nutritious germplasm, we used colchicine and oryzalin to induce chromosome doubling via the soaking method. Tissue culture bulbs were treated with colchicine at 0.03%, 0.05%, or 0.08% for 32, 40, or 48 hours or with oryzalin at 0.002%, 0.005%, 0.008%, or 0.01% for 3, 6, 9, 12, or 24 hours before being transferred to a differentiating medium. The results showed that colchicine treatment resulted in the highest induction rate when applied at 0.05% for 48 hours, whereas oryzalin treatment produced fewer tetraploid plants. The chromosome number of induced plants with small stoma density and longer guard cells is twice than that of the diploid. The plants were identified as tetraploid. In this study, a new germplasm of Lilium davidii var. unicolor Salisb was innovative and showed novel genetic characteristic.
Sorghum–Sudangrass Responses to Nitrogen and Tillage following Polyphenol‐Containing Legumes, Alfalfa, Reed Canarygrass, and Kale
Authors: Grabber John H. , Yost Matt A. , Coulter Jeffrey A. , Sullivan Michael L.
Published: August 2017

Core Ideas

Low concentrations of polyphenols in forage legumes had no impact on sorghum–sudangrass production.

Sorghum–sudangrass dry matter yield and N uptake were related to herbage N yield from prior forages.

Tillage enhanced sorghum–sudangrass production especially after reed canarygrass.

Adjusting fertilizer N based on crop sequence and tillage practices avoids soil nitrate buildup.

The collective effects of protein‐binding polyphenols (PBP), preceding forage type, tillage, and fertilizer N on soil nitrate production, N uptake, and dry matter yield (DMY) of N‐demanding crops such as sorghum–sudangrass [SS, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench × S. sudanese Piper] are poorly understood. These factors and response variables were evaluated in Wisconsin by growing SS for 2 yr with two harvests yr−1 using no‐tillage or conventional‐tillage and fertilizer N rates of 0, 33, 67, 112, or 220 kg N ha−1 harvest−1 following 1‐yr stands of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) containing condensed tannins (CT), o‐quinone producing red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.), and kale (Brassica oleracea L.). Herbage PBP was associated with reduced in vitro soil NO3–N accumulation, whereas herbage nitrogen yield (NY) primarily affected in situ soil NO3–N accretion and N uptake and DMY of SS. The DMY of first‐year sorghum–sudangrass (SS1) following legumes exceeded that following kale in both tillage systems, but rotational benefits of grass equaled legumes when conventional tillage was used. To maximize net return, SS1 required 75 kg N ha−1 harvest−1 following legumes and 125 kg N ha−1 harvest−1 following nonlegumes. Depending on tillage system and harvest, SS2 required 50 to 130 kg N ha−1 harvest−1 to maximize net return. To optimize DMY and profitability of SS following short‐term forages, producers should grow legumes to maximize NY before SS production, use conventional tillage following reed canarygrass, and adjust N rates according to crop sequence and tillage practices.
Significance of Weather Variables during Critical Growth Stages for Hybrid Rice Production in Subtropical India
Authors: Talla Arunbabu , Swain Dillip Kumar , Tewari Virendra Kumar , Biswal Mahendra Prasad
Published: August 2017

Core Ideas

Relationships between weather variables and yield of hybrid rice were derived.

Quantified the optimum weather variable range for hybrid rice production.

Weather variables range for hybrid rice were higher than high‐yielding cultivars.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) production with available cultivars under changing climatic condition is a major concern in subtropical India in the context of food security. This warrants a need for introduction of hybrid rice cultivars having higher genetic potential to achieve higher production per unit area. It is in this context, the present investigation is planned with a major objective of studying the behavior of hybrid rice cultivars under varying weather conditions. To determine the relationship between weather variables and hybrid rice grain yield, field experiments were conducted in 2013 and 2014 at Kharagpur, India. Weather variables considered were maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), maximum relative humidity (RHmax), minimum relative humidity (RHmin), and solar radiation (SRAD). The crop model “ crop environment resource synthesis (CERES)‐rice” was calibrated and used to simulate hybrid rice yield for varying planting dates. The weather variables Tmax, Tmin, and RHmin during basic vegetative stage; Tmin and RHmax in early reproductive stage; and SRAD in late reproductive stage were found to influence the hybrid rice yield. The optimum values of Tmax were 32.7, 32.5, and 31.2°C; and Tmin were 25.2, 24.9, and 25.6°C during basic vegetative, early reproductive, and late reproductive stages, respectively for increasing the yield of hybrid rice.
Characterization and Fine Mapping of a Rice Leaf‐Rolling Mutant Deficient in Commissural Veins
Authors: Jing Wen , Cao Chengjuan , Shen Like , Zhang Hongsheng , Jing Guangqin , Zhang Wenhua
Published: August 2017

Leaf shape is an important target trait for rice (Oryza sativa L.) ideal plant‐type breeding. To understand the molecular mechanism controlling leaf shape, we identified a leaf‐rolling mutant from a ‘Nipponbare’ mutant bank irradiated with γ‐ray. This mutant exhibited rolled and yellow‐striped leaves, a delayed heading date, and decreased plant height and grain yield. A histological analysis showed that the mutant was deficient in forming the commissural vein (CV) in leaves and was thus designated as commissural vein deficient 1 (cvd1). Genetic analysis revealed that the cvd1 phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene. The CVD1 gene was fine mapped to a 66.9‐kb interval between the markers IM29941 and IM30008 on chromosome 3. Sequencing analysis revealed that only a deletion of two nucleotides in the BEL1‐like homeodomain protein gene (Os03g0732100) within the candidate region of CVD1, resulting in a frameshift mutation and predicted truncation of protein product. These results will be useful to clone the CVD1 gene and understand the molecular mechanisms regulating CV formation and leaf development.
Relating Wind‐Induced Gas Exchange to Near‐Surface Wind Speed Characteristics in Porous Media
Authors: Poulsen Tjalfe G. , Pourber Alfie , Furman Alex , Papadikis Konstantinos
Published: August 2017

Core Ideas

Wind speed fluctuation effects on soil–atmosphere gas exchange were investigated.

Gas exchange correlated with basic wind speed characteristics and wind speed power spectra.

Vertical wind speed characteristics were most important in controlling gas exchange.

The impact of near‐surface wind speed characteristics on dry porous media gas transport and gas exchange across the medium surface were investigated experimentally using four different porous media subjected to 11 wind conditions with different wind speed characteristics. The tracer gases were O2 and CO2, applied with constant concentrations at the medium surface. Tracer gas breakthrough curves (gas concentrations as a function of time) were measured at multiple depths inside the porous media. Tracer gas breakthrough time (the time required for the gas concentration at a given depth to reach 50% of the surface concentration) was used as a measure of the gas exchange rate. Potential relationships between breakthrough time and wind speed characteristics in terms of average wind speed, wind speed standard deviation, and wind speed power spectrum properties in three dimensions were investigated. Statistical analyses indicated that wind speed had a very significant impact on breakthrough time and that the characteristics for the wind speed component perpendicular to the porous medium surface were especially important.
Status and Perspectives on the Cosmic‐Ray Neutron Method for Soil Moisture Estimation and Other Environmental Science Applications
Authors: Andreasen Mie , Jensen Karsten H. , Desilets Darin , Franz Trenton E. , Zreda Marek , Bogena Heye R. , Looms Majken C.
Published: August 2017

Core Ideas

Numerous studies have been conducted to develop and examine the accuracy of the method.

Cosmic‐ray neutron soil moisture estimates compare well with independent measurements.

These estimates are useful for modeling, data assimilation, and calibration of satellite products.

Many studies have used the neutron detector for other applications; results have been promising.

Since the introduction of the cosmic‐ray neutron method for soil moisture estimation, numerous studies have been conducted to test and advance the accuracy of the method. Almost 200 stationary neutron detector systems have been installed worldwide, and roving systems have also started to gain ground. The intensity of low‐energy neutrons produced by cosmic rays, measured above the ground surface, is sensitive to soil moisture in the upper decimeters of the ground within a radius of hectometers. The method has been proven suitable for estimating soil moisture for a wide range of land covers and soil types and has been used for hydrological modeling, data assimilation, and calibration and validation of satellite products. The method is challenged by the effect on neutron intensity of other hydrogen pools such as vegetation, canopy interception, and snow. Identifying the signal of the different pools can be used to improve the cosmic‐ray neutron soil moisture method as well as extend the application to, e.g., biomass and canopy interception surveying. More fundamental research is required for advancement of the method to include more energy ranges and consider multiple height levels.
Z-stability in Constructive Analysis
Authors: Bridges Douglas , Dent James , McKubre-Jordens Maarten
Published: August 2017

We introduce Z-stability, a notion capturing the intuition that if a function
f maps a metric space into a normed space and if the norm of f(x) is small,
then x is close to a zero of f. Working in Bishop's constructive setting, we
first study pointwise versions of Z-stability and the related notion of good
behaviour for functions. We then present a recursive counterexample to the
classical argument for passing from pointwise Z-stability to a uniform version
on compact metric spaces. In order to effect this passage constructively, we
bring into play the positivity principle, equivalent to Brouwer's fan theorem
for detachable bars, and the limited anti-Specker property, an intuitionistic
counterpart to sequential compactness. The final section deals with connections
between the limited anti-Specker property, positivity properties, and
(potentially) Brouwer's fan theorem for detachable bars.
Data optimizations for constraint automata
Authors: Jongmans Sung-Shik T. Q. , Arbab Farhad
Published: August 2017

Constraint automata (CA) constitute a coordination model based on finite
automata on infinite words. Originally introduced for modeling of coordinators,
an interesting new application of CAs is implementing coordinators (i.e.,
compiling CAs into executable code). Such an approach guarantees
correctness-by-construction and can even yield code that outperforms
hand-crafted code. The extent to which these two potential advantages
materialize depends on the smartness of CA-compilers and the existence of
proofs of their correctness.
Every transition in a CA is labeled by a "data constraint" that specifies an
atomic data-flow between coordinated processes as a first-order formula. At
run-time, compiler-generated code must handle data constraints as efficiently
as possible. In this paper, we present, and prove the correctness of two
optimization techniques for CA-compilers related to handling of data
constraints: a reduction to eliminate redundant variables and a translation
from (declarative) data constraints to (imperative) data commands expressed in
a small sequential language. Through experiments, we show that these
optimization techniques can have a positive impact on performance of generated
executable code.
Build your own clarithmetic II: Soundness
Authors: Japaridze Giorgi
Published: August 2017

Clarithmetics are number theories based on computability logic (see
http://www.csc.villanova.edu/~japaridz/CL/ ). Formulas of these theories
represent interactive computational problems, and their "truth" is understood
as existence of an algorithmic solution. Various complexity constraints on such
solutions induce various versions of clarithmetic. The present paper introduces
a parameterized/schematic version CLA11(P1,P2,P3,P4). By tuning the three
parameters P1,P2,P3 in an essentially mechanical manner, one automatically
obtains sound and complete theories with respect to a wide range of target
tricomplexity classes, i.e. combinations of time (set by P3), space (set by P2)
and so called amplitude (set by P1) complexities. Sound in the sense that every
theorem T of the system represents an interactive number-theoretic
computational problem with a solution from the given tricomplexity class and,
furthermore, such a solution can be automatically extracted from a proof of T.
And complete in the sense that every interactive number-theoretic problem with
a solution from the given tricomplexity class is represented by some theorem of
the system. Furthermore, through tuning the 4th parameter P4, at the cost of
sacrificing recursive axiomatizability but not simplicity or elegance, the
above extensional completeness can be strengthened to intensional completeness,
according to which every formula representing a problem with a solution from
the given tricomplexity class is a theorem of the system. This article is
published in two parts. The previous Part I has introduced the system and
proved its completeness, while the present Part II is devoted to proving
soundness.
Dualized Simple Type Theory
Authors: Eades III Harley , Stump Aaron , McCleeary Ryan
Published: August 2017

We propose a new bi-intuitionistic type theory called Dualized Type Theory
(DTT). It is a simple type theory with perfect intuitionistic duality, and
corresponds to a single-sided polarized sequent calculus. We prove DTT strongly
normalizing, and prove type preservation. DTT is based on a new propositional
bi-intuitionistic logic called Dualized Intuitionistic Logic (DIL) that builds
on Pinto and Uustalu's logic L. DIL is a simplification of L by removing
several admissible inference rules while maintaining consistency and
completeness. Furthermore, DIL is defined using a dualized syntax by labeling
formulas and logical connectives with polarities thus reducing the number of
inference rules needed to define the logic. We give a direct proof of
consistency, but prove completeness by reduction to L.
Solving finite-domain linear constraints in presence of the $\texttt{alldifferent}$
Authors: Banković Milan
Published: August 2017

In this paper, we investigate the possibility of improvement of the
widely-used filtering algorithm for the linear constraints in constraint
satisfaction problems in the presence of the alldifferent constraints. In many
cases, the fact that the variables in a linear constraint are also constrained
by some alldifferent constraints may help us to calculate stronger bounds of
the variables, leading to a stronger constraint propagation. We propose an
improved filtering algorithm that targets such cases. We provide a detailed
description of the proposed algorithm and prove its correctness. We evaluate
the approach on five different problems that involve combinations of the linear
and the alldifferent constraints. We also compare our algorithm to other
relevant approaches. The experimental results show a great potential of the
proposed improvement.
Build your own clarithmetic I: Setup and completeness
Authors: Japaridze Giorgi
Published: August 2017

Clarithmetics are number theories based on computability logic (see
http://www.csc.villanova.edu/~japaridz/CL/ ). Formulas of these theories
represent interactive computational problems, and their "truth" is understood
as existence of an algorithmic solution. Various complexity constraints on such
solutions induce various versions of clarithmetic. The present paper introduces
a parameterized/schematic version CLA11(P1,P2,P3,P4). By tuning the three
parameters P1,P2,P3 in an essentially mechanical manner, one automatically
obtains sound and complete theories with respect to a wide range of target
tricomplexity classes, i.e. combinations of time (set by P3), space (set by P2)
and so called amplitude (set by P1) complexities. Sound in the sense that every
theorem T of the system represents an interactive number-theoretic
computational problem with a solution from the given tricomplexity class and,
furthermore, such a solution can be automatically extracted from a proof of T.
And complete in the sense that every interactive number-theoretic problem with
a solution from the given tricomplexity class is represented by some theorem of
the system. Furthermore, through tuning the 4th parameter P4, at the cost of
sacrificing recursive axiomatizability but not simplicity or elegance, the
above extensional completeness can be strengthened to intensional completeness,
according to which every formula representing a problem with a solution from
the given tricomplexity class is a theorem of the system. This article is
published in two parts. The present Part I introduces the system and proves its
completeness, while Part II is devoted to proving soundness.
Encoding Monomorphic and Polymorphic Types
Authors: Blanchette Jasmin Christian , Böhme Sascha , Popescu Andrei , Smallbone Nicholas
Published: August 2017

Many automatic theorem provers are restricted to untyped logics, and existing
translations from typed logics are bulky or unsound. Recent research proposes
monotonicity as a means to remove some clutter when translating monomorphic to
untyped first-order logic. Here we pursue this approach systematically,
analysing formally a variety of encodings that further improve on efficiency
while retaining soundness and completeness. We extend the approach to rank-1
polymorphism and present alternative schemes that lighten the translation of
polymorphic symbols based on the novel notion of "cover". The new encodings are
implemented in Isabelle/HOL as part of the Sledgehammer tool. We include
informal proofs of soundness and correctness, and have formalised the
monomorphic part of this work in Isabelle/HOL. Our evaluation finds the new
encodings vastly superior to previous schemes.
Model Checking Spatial Logics for Closure Spaces
Authors: Ciancia Vincenzo , Latella Diego , Loreti Michele , Massink Mieke
Published: August 2017

Spatial aspects of computation are becoming increasingly relevant in Computer
Science, especially in the field of collective adaptive systems and when
dealing with systems distributed in physical space. Traditional formal
verification techniques are well suited to analyse the temporal evolution of
programs; however, properties of space are typically not taken into account
explicitly. We present a topology-based approach to formal verification of
spatial properties depending upon physical space. We define an appropriate
logic, stemming from the tradition of topological interpretations of modal
logics, dating back to earlier logicians such as Tarski, where modalities
describe neighbourhood. We lift the topological definitions to the more general
setting of closure spaces, also encompassing discrete, graph-based structures.
We extend the framework with a spatial surrounded operator, a propagation
operator and with some collective operators. The latter are interpreted over
arbitrary sets of points instead of individual points in space. We define
efficient model checking procedures, both for the individual and the collective
spatial fragments of the logic and provide a proof-of-concept tool.
On the locality of arb-invariant first-order formulas with modulo counting quantifiers
Authors: Harwath Frederik , Schweikardt Nicole
Published: August 2017

We study Gaifman locality and Hanf locality of an extension of first-order
logic with modulo p counting quantifiers (FO+MOD_p, for short) with arbitrary
numerical predicates. We require that the validity of formulas is independent
of the particular interpretation of the numerical predicates and refer to such
formulas as arb-invariant formulas. This paper gives a detailed picture of
locality and non-locality properties of arb-invariant FO+MOD_p. For example, on
the class of all finite structures, for any p >= 2, arb-invariant FO+MOD_p is
neither Hanf nor Gaifman local with respect to a sublinear locality radius.
However, in case that p is an odd prime power, it is weakly Gaifman local with
a polylogarithmic locality radius. And when restricting attention to the class
of string structures, for odd prime powers p, arb-invariant FO+MOD_p is both
Hanf and Gaifman local with a polylogarithmic locality radius. Our negative
results build on examples of order-invariant FO+MOD_p formulas presented in
Niemist\"o's PhD thesis. Our positive results make use of the close connection
between FO+MOD_p and Boolean circuits built from NOT-gates and AND-, OR-, and
MOD_p- gates of arbitrary fan-in.
On linear rewriting systems for Boolean logic and some applications to proof theory
Authors: Das Anupam , Straßburger Lutz
Published: August 2017

Linear rules have played an increasing role in structural proof theory in
recent years. It has been observed that the set of all sound linear inference
rules in Boolean logic is already coNP-complete, i.e. that every Boolean
tautology can be written as a (left- and right-)linear rewrite rule. In this
paper we study properties of systems consisting only of linear inferences. Our
main result is that the length of any 'nontrivial' derivation in such a system
is bound by a polynomial. As a consequence there is no polynomial-time
decidable sound and complete system of linear inferences, unless coNP=NP. We
draw tools and concepts from term rewriting, Boolean function theory and graph
theory in order to access some required intermediate results. At the same time
we make several connections between these areas that, to our knowledge, have
not yet been presented and constitute a rich theoretical framework for
reasoning about linear TRSs for Boolean logic.
Keefektifan Pembelajaran Menggunakan Pendekatan Problem Posing dan Pendekatan Open-Ended Ditinjau Dari HOTS
Authors: Nurina Dasih Lelani , Retnawati Heri
Published: August 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan keefektifan pembelajaran trigonometri dengan menggunakan pendekatan problem posing dan pendekatan open-ended ditinjau dari HOTS siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu. Penelitian ini menggunakan satu kelompok eksperimen dan satu kelompok kontrol. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 3 Bantul. Sampel penelitian sebanyak dua kelas yang dipilih secara acak. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah instrumen tes HOTS. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji one sample t-test dan two independent sample t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: pendekatan problem posing efektif ditinjau dari HOTS; pendekatan open-ended efektif ditinjau dari HOTS; Pendekatan open-ended tidak lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan pendekatan problem posing ditinjau dari HOTS.Kata Kunci: problem posing, open-ended, higher order thinking skills (HOTS) The Effectiveness Using Problem Posing Approach and Open-Ended Approach in Terms of the HOTS AbstractThis study aims to describe the effectiveness of teaching Trigonometry using the Problem Posing Approach and Open-Ended Approach in terms of the HOTS of High School Students. This research was a quasi-experimental. The research population comprised nine classes of Year X student of SMA Negeri 3 Bantul. The sample consisted of two classes that were randomly established. The instruments used in the research was HOTS test. The data analysis techniques consisted of the one sample t-test and two independent sample t-test. The results of the research show that:  the problem posing approach is effective in terms of HOTS;  the open-ended approach effective in terms of HOTS; and  there is no difference in effectiveness between the problem posing approach and open-ended approach in terms of HOTS.Keywords: problem posing, open-ended, higher order thinking skills (HOTS)
Pengembangan Perangkat Penilaian Autentik untuk Pembelajaran Matematika di Kelas VII Semester 1
Authors: Ferita Rolina Amriyanti , Retnawati Heri
Published: August 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan perangkat penialaian autentik untuk pembelajaran matematika di kelas VII semester 1 yang autentik, reliabel dan valid meliputi instrumen dengan kompetensi dasar bilangan bulat, garis dan sudut, serta rasio dan perbandingan untuk penilaian KI 1, KI 2, KI 3, dan KI 4 berupa: indikator, instrumen penilaian, dan rubrik penilaian. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan (research  &  development).  Penelitian  ini  dilakukan  dengan  menggunakan  model  pengembangan  Plomp (2010) tiga tahap pengembangan yaitu preliminary research, prototyping phase, dan assessment phase. Aspek reliabilitas dari ujicoba lapangan. Aspek kevalidan perangkat pembelajaran ditinjau dari penilaian para ahli.Kata kunci: pengembangan,  perangkat  penilaian autentik, asesmen, matematika kelas VII Development Authentic Assessment Kit for Learning Math Class VII Semester 1AbstractThis research was aimed to produce authentic assessment’s learning kit in mathematics learning for 7th grade semester 1 which is authentic, reliable, and valid including instrument for basic competence in integers, lines and angles, also ratio and comparison for assessment of KI 1, KI 2, KI 3, and KI 4 consist of indicators, assessment instruments, and assessment rubric. This kind of research is a research and development. This research was conducted using Plomp (2010) model consist of preliminary research, prototyping phase, and assessment phase. The reliability aspect retrieved from field trial. The validity aspect of learning kit retrieved from experts judgment.Keywords: development, authentic assessment kit, assessment, mathematics for 7th grade
Kesiapan Guru Matematika SMP di Kabupaten Purworejo dalam Implementasi Kurikulum 2013
Authors: Wati Susanah , Jailani Jailani
Published: August 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kesiapan guru matematika SMP di Kabupaten Purworejo dalam implementasi Kurikulum 2013 ditinjau dari pengetahuan guru, sikap guru, dan kesiapan sarana prasarana. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif menggunakan model Concurrent Embedded Strategy. Metode primer penelitian adalah metode kuantitatif yang dilakukan dengan survei, kemudian dilengkapi metode kualitatif yang dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh guru matematika SMP kelas VII dan VIII di Kabupaten Purworejo. Sampel penelitian adalah 64 orang guru yang dipilih menggunakan teknik stratified random sampling. Analisis data deskriptif kuantitatif menggunakan 5 kriteria, yaitu Sangat Siap, Siap, Cukup, Kurang, dan Sangat Kurang. Analisis data kualitatif terdiri dari reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesiapan guru matematika SMP di Kabupaten Purworejo dalam implementasi Kurikulum 2013 ditinjau dari: kesiapan pengetahuan guru masuk kategori sangat kurang, sikap guru masuk kategori cukup, dan kesiapan sarana prasarana masuk kategori siap.Kata kunci: kesiapan guru, kesiapan pengetahuan, sikap guru, kesiapan sarana dan prasarana The Readiness of Junior High School Math Teachers in Purworejo for the Implementation of Curriculum 2013 AbstractThis research aimed to describe the readiness of junior high school math teachers in Purworejo for the implementation of Curriculum 2013 in terms of the teachers’ knowledge, the attitude of teachers, and the readiness of facilities and infrastructure. This study used mixed methods with models Concurrent Embedded Strategy. The study primary method was a quantitative research carried out by the survey, and  equipped with qualitative methods conducted through observation, interviews and documentation. The population was all the 7th and 8th grade  junior high school math teachers in Purworejo. The sample was 64 teachers established using the stratified random sampling technique. The quantitative descriptive data analysis used five criteria, namely: Very Ready, Ready, Fairly Ready, Poor, and Very Poor. While the analysis of qualitative data consists of data reduction, data display and conclusion.The results show that the readiness of junior high school math teacher in Purworejo for the implementation of Curriculum 2013 in terms of the readiness of the teacher's knowledge was in the very poor category, the attitude of teachers was in the fairly ready category, and the readiness of facilities and infrastructure was in the ready category.Keywords: readiness of teachers, knowledge readiness, teachers’ attitudes, readiness of facilities and infrastructure
Keefektifan cooperative learning CRH dan NHT ditinjau dari sikap dan prestasi belajar matematika siswa
Authors: Atini Noor Laila , Mahmudi Ali
Published: August 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan keefektifan cooperative learning  tipe Course Review Horay (CRH) dan tipe Numbered Heads Together  (NHT) yang ditinjau dari sikap siswa terhadap matematika dan prestasi belajar matematika. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen semu dengan desain pretest-posttest non equivalent group design. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua kelompok eksperimen. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data adalah tes prestasi belajar matematika dan angket sikap siswa terhadap matematika. Untuk menguji keefektifan pembelajaran matematika dengan kedua model pembelajaran digunakan analisis one sample t-test. Selanjutnya untuk membandingkan keefektifan pembelajaran matematika dengan kedua model pembelajaran data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji T2 Hotelling, dan independent t-testuntuk menentukan model pembelajaran manakah yang lebih efektif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran kooperatif CRH dan NHT efektif ditinjau dari sikap siswa terhadap matematika dan prestasi belajar matematika dan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe CRH lebih efektif dibanding model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe NHT ditinjau dari sikap siswa terhadap matematika dan prestasi belajar matematika siswa.Kata kunci: pembelajaran kooperatif, CRH, NHT, sikap siswa terhadap matematika, prestasi belajar matematika siswa The effectieveness of cooperative learning CRH and NHT in terms of attitudes and mathematics learning achievement of students AbstractThis study aims to describe the effectiveness of cooperative learning Course Review Horay (CRH) type and Numbered Heads Together (NHT) type in terms of student’s attitudes toward mathematics and mathematics learning achievement. This study was a quasi-experimental study using the pretest-posttest non-equivalent group design. It involved two experimental groups. The data collecting instruments consisted of a mathematics learning achievement test and questionnaires for students’ attitudes towards mathematics. To test the effectiveness of the mathematics learning through the CRH and NHT cooperative learning model, the one-sample t-test was carried out. Then, to compare the effectiveness of the two model, the data were analyzed using the T2 Hotelling test, and the independent t test to find out which of the two model was more effective. The results of the study show that mathematics learning through the CRH and NHT cooperative learning is effective in terms of student’s attitudes toward mathematics and mathematics learning achievement and the CRH cooperative learning model is more effective than the NHT cooperative learning model in terms of student’s attitudes toward mathematics and mathematics achievement of student’s. Keywords: cooperative learning, CRH, NHT, student’s attitude toward mathematics, mathematics achievement of student’s.
Pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran matematika SMP berbasis konstruktivisme
Authors: Gunawan Gunawan
Published: August 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran matematika SMP berbasis konstruktivisme yang valid, praktis, dan efektif. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan mengacu pada langkah yang dikembangkan oleh Thiagarajan. Prosedur pengembangan terdiri atas 4 tahap yang meliputi: (a) pendefinisian (define), (b) perancangan (design), (c) pengembangan (develop), dan (d) penyebaran (dissemination). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan yakni Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP), Buku Guru (BG), Buku Sisa (BS), Lembar Kegiatan Siswa (LKS), dan Tes Hasil Belajar (THB) layak digunakan dengan kategori valid. Dari uji coba menunjukkan perangkat yang dikembangkan telah memenuhi kriteria kepraktisan dan keefektifan. Tingkat kepraktisan pada setiap pembelajaran sebagai berikut; (1) kepraktisan menurut  guru berkategori sangat praktis, (2) kepraktisan menurut siswa berkategori praktis, (3) hasil observasi kemampuan guru menunjukkan kategori baik, (4) aktivitas siswa berkategori sangat baik. Keefektifan perangkat pembelajaran ditunjukkan oleh: (1) tes hasil belajar siswa dengan tingkat kelulusan kategori sangat efektif, (2) respon siswa terhadap pembelajaran menunjukkan kategori sangat baik, (3) respon guru berkategori sangat baik.Kata Kunci: perangkat pembelajaran,konstruktivisme Developing Mathematics Learning Device Based on Constructivisme for Elementary School AbstractThis research aimed to producing mathematics learning device for elementary school based on constructivism teaching and learning approach that was valid, practical, and effective. This research & development refered to the step developed by Thiagarajan, that included (a) define, (b) design, (c) develop, and (d) disseminate phase. The results showed that the developed learning device consisting of lesson plans, teacher’s guidebook, student’s book, student’s worksheet, and learning achievement test were qualified with valid category. The results of tryout showed that the developed learning device gain the criteria for practicality and effectiveness, with degrees of practicality as follows (1) teacher’s evaluation sheets of practicality was very practical; (2) student’s evaluation sheet of practicality showed the learning device in a good category. (3) The result of observation sheet showed teachers’ competence in a good category. (4) The students’ activities were very good category. The effectiveness is indicated by: (1) the students passing the learning achievement test; (2) the students’ responses are in a very good category; and (3) the teachers’ responses are in a very good category.Keywords: Learning device, constructivism
Efficacy of Estrus Synchronization Protocols during Summer and Winter Seasons together with Biochemical and Minerals Profile in Anoestrus Crossbred Cows
Authors: Borakhatariya D.N. , Panchal M. T. , Dhami A. J. , Hadiya K. K. , Kalasariya R. M.
Published: August 2017

The estrus induction and fertility response along with biochemical and minerals profile of >90 days postpartum anoestrus crossbred cows following use of different estrus synchronization protocols was investigated during summer and winter seasons. The true anoestrus cows selected (n=43 in summer, n=40 in winter) were randomly treated with Ovsynch, Heatsynch and PRID protocols keeping 10 animals as control in both the seasons. During summer season, the estrus induction response with Ovsynch, Heatsynch and PRID protocol was 80, 90 and 80 %; while in winter season, the response was 100% with all three protocols. In summer season, the conception rates with Ovsynch, Heatsynch and PRID protocols at induced estrus were 30, 20 and 20 %and those of 3 cycles 60, 40 and 50 %, respectively, while in winter season, the conception rates at induced estrus were 45.45, 27.27 and 36.36 % and overall of 3 cycles 72.72, 45.45 and 63.64%, respectively. The overall mean plasma concentrations of total cholesterol (mg/dl) in anoestrus cows under Ovsynch, Heatsynch and PRID protocols were 171.57±4.75, 190.97±4.90 and 184.93±3.10 during winter and 163.73±4.96, 162.87±11.24 and 177.63±7.98 during summer, respectively. The corresponding values for plasma total protein (g/dl) during winter season were 7.77±0.11, 7.90±0.12and7.51±0.14, and in summer season 7.90±0.14, 8.02±0.67 and 8.32±0.10, respectively. The cholesterol levels were insignificantly lower and protein levels were significantly higher in summer than winter season, particularly in non-conceived cows. Among the minerals profiles, i.e. calcium, phosphorus and magnesium, only the calcium levels were significantly higher during winter and in conceived cows as compared to counter parts. In conclusion, the results showed that estrus synchronization with fixed time insemination protocols can augment fertility in anoestrus crossbred cows under favorable as well as heat stress condition, and the response is better with Ovsynch and PRID protocols without influencing much the blood metabolic profil
Performance Analysis of ‘Narmada Nidhi’ Poultry Under Backyard Farming System in Mandla District of Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Yadav J. S. , Mandal M. K. , Singh R. , Baghel R. P.S.
Published: August 2017

Backyard poultry farming (BYPF) is an important activity to empower tribal women socially and economically, as it generates cash income and provides employment opportunities, while increasing production of valuable foods (eggs and meat) that improve household nutrition. The present study was conducted in six villages of Narayanganj and Niwas blocks of Mandla District. Data were collected through a structured interview schedule by personal interview method. After proper extension interventions, six self-help-groups were formed and each group was provided with 50, (eight weeks age growing) Narmada Nidhi chicken to analyse its performance parameter under backyard system. The study shows that, average age and weight at sexual maturity obtained in this study were 160.5±3.60 days and 1415±10.12 g, respectively. The annual average egg production obtained was 165.27 ± 3.15 eggs/hen/year. The mean value egg weight, egg length and egg width was 48.67 ± 2.92 g, 51.91 ± 1.02 mm and 40.32 ± 3.01 mm, respectively while the yolk weight, albumen weight, shell weight, shell thickness and yolk color were 16.43 ± 1.78 g, 25.76 ± 2.67 g, 5.87 ± 0.94 g, 0.42 ± 0.08 mm and 6.01 ± 3.98, respectively.