bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Connecting with different audiences: The anatomy of communication is essential
Authors: Evans Darrell J.R.
Published: September 2012

In the twenty‐first century, communication has become truly global. Advances in technology have opened up a host of ways in which we are able to communicate to retrieve or pass on information and knowledge. In many cases we have moved from a place‐based communication approach to one of increasing mobility. With this shift in approach, it is apparent that effective communication skills are perhaps even more important so that we can connect appropriately with diverse audiences. Despite this, relatively little attention has been paid to training our students in different modes of communication and therefore we may not be fully preparing our students to play their part in the global community. Given anatomy's place within many health‐care curricula, an ideal avenue is available for anatomists to take the lead in providing communications skills training for students. There are a variety of approaches, some of which are outlined in this article, which can be used to create appropriate opportunities for developing different communication skills and these can be woven into existing practices to ensure courses do not become overburdened. A sustained approach to communication skills training will help equip our students to communicate easily with the many aspects of modern society. Anat Sci Educ 6: 134–137. © 2012 American Association of Anatomists.
Curriculum integration = course disintegration: What does this mean for anatomy?
Authors: Bolender David L. , Ettarh Rajunor , Jerrett David P. , Laherty Richard F.
Published: September 2012

Many basic scientists including anatomists are currently involved in decisions related to revisions of the undergraduate medical curriculum. Integration is a common theme in many of these decisions. As described by Harden, integration can occur along a multistep continuum from independent, discipline‐based courses to a completely interdisciplinary curriculum. For anatomy, each derivative of curricular integration can be shown to involve progressive disruptions of the temporal and topographical relationship between organ systems in a body region, of the temporal relationship with other courses in a harmonized curriculum, and of the relationships between components of organ systems when integration is implemented in thematic curricula. Drawing from our experience teaching in various types of integrated medical curricula, we encourage readers to proceed cautiously with their curricular decisions because each one can have gains and losses that may impact learning in the new format. Anat Sci Educ. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.
Template‐Free Hydrothermal Synthesis of Mesoporous MgO Nanostructures and Their Applications in Water Treatment
Authors: Lian Jiabiao , Zhang Caihong , Wang Ping , Ng Dickon H. L.
Published: September 2012

The controlled synthesis of Mg(OH)2 nanowires and microflowers composed of nanoplates was successfully achieved by a template‐free hydrothermal synthetic method. It was found that the reaction medium played a crucial role in the morphological control of the precursor nanostructures. The high polarity of water molecules favored the polar growth of the precursor, resulting in the formation of nanowires with a diameter of 80 nm, whereas a mixed water/ethanol medium with a lower degree of polarity led to the formation of microflowers. Moreover, mesoporous MgO nanostructures could be obtained by further annealing these as‐prepared precursors in air at 500 °C for 2 h. During thermal treatment, the wire‐ and flower‐like morphologies were retained. Porosity formation was due to thermal decomposition of Mg(OH)2 and release of H2O. Both the mesoporous MgO nanowires and microflowers showed superior ability of adsorbing the organic dye methyl orange, and thus they are promising candidates for polluted water treatment.
Cloning, overexpression, purification, and characterization of a new iron superoxide dismutase from Jatropha curcas
Authors: Ou‐yang Chao , Cai Feng , Gao Shun , Niu Bei , Wang Shenghua , Chen Fang
Published: September 2012

A novel iron superoxide dismutase (Fe‐SOD) gene from Jatropha curcas was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). This recombinant enzyme was isolated by a combined procedure involving immobilized metal‐ion affinity chromatography and ion‐exchange chromatography. The apparent molecular mass of this purified enzyme (designated as JcFe‐SOD) was 35 kDa on SDS‐PAGE. The full‐length complementary DNA sequence of JcFe‐SOD contained a 918‐bp open reading frame encoding a 305‐amino‐acid precursor of 34.589 kDa. The result of matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry showed that the purified enzyme may own two forms: a dimer and a monomer. The enzyme was relatively stable and showed 54% activity when incubated in 70°C for 60 Min. JcFe‐SOD was found to have good pH stability in the pH range of 5.5–9.5 at 25°C over 1 H incubation. The activity of this enzyme was gradually inhibited by increasing concentration of H2O2, 2‐mercaptoethanol, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. An assay of the atomic absorption spectrum showed the presence of 0.41 atom of Fe in each SOD subunit.
Design and characterization of a protein superagonist of IL‐15 fused with IL‐15Rα and a high‐affinity T cell receptor
Authors: Stone Jennifer D. , Chervin Adam S. , Schreiber Hans , Kranz David M.
Published: September 2012

To avoid high systemic doses, strategies involving antigen‐specific delivery of cytokine via linked antibodies or antibody fragments have been used. Targeting cancer‐associated peptides presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules (pepMHC) increases the number of potential target antigens and takes advantage of cross‐presentation on tumor stroma and in draining lymph nodes. Here, we use a soluble, high‐affinity single‐chain T cell receptor Vα‐Vβ (scTv), to deliver cytokines to intracellular tumor‐associated antigens presented as pepMHC. As typical wild‐type T cell receptors (TCRs) exhibit low affinity (Kd = 1–100 μM or more), we used an engineered TCR, m33, that binds its antigenic peptide SIYRYYGL (SIY) bound to the murine class I major histocompatability complex protein H2‐Kb (SIY/Kb) with nanomolar affinity (Kd = 30 nM). We generated constructs consisting of m33 scTv fused to murine interleukin 2 (IL‐2), interleukin 15 (IL‐15), or IL‐15/IL‐15Rα (IL‐15 linked to IL‐15Rα sushi domain, called “superfusion”). The fusions were purified with good yields and bound specifically to SIY/Kb with high affinity. Proper cytokine folding and binding were confirmed, and the fusions were capable of stimulating proliferation of cytokine‐dependent cells, both when added directly and when presented in trans, bound to cells with the target pepMHC. The m33 superfusion was particularly potent and stable and represents a promising design for targeted antitumor immunomodulation. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2012
Aqueous extract of Terminalia arjuna attenuates tert‐butyl hydroperoxide–induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cell model
Authors: Shivananjappa Mahesh Mysore , Mhasavade Deepak , Joshi Manoj Kumar
Published: September 2012

Arjuna (Terminalia arjuna) is a medicinal plant used in many polyherbal hepatoprotective formulations. Although widely claimed to be antioxidant, data supporting such actions of Arjuna are limited. In the present study, we have investigated the efficacy of the aqueous extract of T. arjuna (AETA) using a standard pro‐oxidant [tertiary butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)] in HepG2 cells. Cells were incubated with AETA (5–100 µg/ml) for a range of time points (4–24 h) with or without TBHP (500 μM), and biochemical markers of oxidative stress (OS) were determined. Cells incubated with TBHP showed the significant induction of OS response in cytosol manifested as lipid hydroperoxide (76%–198%) and the generation of reactive oxygen species (60%–127%). Diminished levels of reduced glutathione (35%–60%) and total antioxidant capacity (20%–61%) suggested an altered redox state. Significant perturbations in the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (30%–56%), superoxide dismutase (25%–68%), glutathione S‐transferase (29%–67%), glutathione peroxidase (24%–68%) and glutathione reductase (38%–49%) were discernible suggesting the ongoing OS in the cells. However, cells treated with AETA (100 µg/ml) along with TBHP offered significant protection by reducing levels of lipid hydroperoxide (33%–62%) and ROS (69%) and by increasing antioxidant capacity (54%–81%) and levels of reduced glutathione (49%–82%). Further, it also enhanced the activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, 60%; catalase, 35%–82%; glutathione peroxidase, 42–65 %; glutathione reductase, 48%–62%; and glutathione S‐transferase, 22%–100%). Taken together, these data suggest that Arjuna can protect against the oxidative damage induced by TBHP and may be effectively used as a hepatoprotective adjuvant to abrogate OS in vivo. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Wnt/β‐catenin/T‐cell factor 4 pathway up‐regulates high‐mobility group A1 expression in colon cancer
Authors: Bush Bethany M. , Brock Ashton T. , Deng Jiayue A. , Nelson Ronald A. , Sumter Takita Felder
Published: September 2012

High‐mobility group A1 (HMGA1) encodes proteins that act as mediators in viral integration, modification of chromatin structure, neoplastic transformation and metastatic progression. Because HMGA1 is overexpressed in most cancers and has transcriptional relationships with several Wnt‐responsive genes, we explored the involvement of HMGA1 in Wnt/β‐catenin/TCF‐4 signalling. In adenomatous polyposis coli (APCMin/+) mice, we observed significant up‐regulation of HMGA1 mRNA and protein in intestinal tumours when compared with normal intestinal mucosa. Conversely, restoration of Wnt signalling by the zinc induction of wild‐type APC resulted in HMGA1 down‐regulation in HT‐29 cells. Because APC mutations are associated with mobilization of the β‐catenin/TCF‐4 transcriptional complex and subsequent activation of downstream oncogenic targets, we analyzed the 5′‐flanking sequence of HMGA1 for putative TCF‐4 binding elements. We identified two regions that specifically bind the β‐catenin/TCF‐4 complex in vitro and in vivo, identifying HMGA1 as an immediate target of the β‐catenin/TCF‐4 signalling pathway in colon cancer. Collectively, these findings strongly implicate Wnt/β‐catenin/TCF‐4 signalling in regulating HMGA1 to further expand the extensive regulatory network affected by Wnt/β‐catenin/TCF‐4 signalling. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of the N370S Mutant of Glucocerebrosidase by Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Tang Liangjie , Coales Stephen J. , Morrow Jeffrey A. , Edmunds Tim , Hamuro Yoshitomo
Published: September 2012

An asparagine‐to‐serine substitution at residue 370 (N370S) in glucocerebrosidase (GCase) is the most prevalent mutation leading to Gaucher's disease, the most common lysosomal storage disorder. Two types of hydrogen/deuterium exchange experiment coupled with proteolysis and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HDX–MS) were used to investigate the dynamic properties and unfolding stability of wt, R495H, and N370S GCases in the presence and absence of ligands. R495H GCase is used for enzyme replacement therapy and is considered to be a wt surrogate, whereas N370S is the most prevalent mutation leading to Gaucher's disease. Time‐course HDX experiments of the GCases were performed under near‐physiological conditions to detect the protein's local unfolding motions at a submolecular level. In guanidine‐titration experiments, HDX reactions were performed with various concentrations of a chemical denaturant to provide the global stability of the proteins. The two types of experiment showed that all three purified GCases, wt, R495H, and N370S, have virtually identical local unfolding motions and global stabilities in solution. Combined with previous X‐ray crystallographic studies, which showed indistinguishable backbone conformations for N370S and R495H GCase mutants and very similar melting temperatures for the wt, R495H, and N370S mutants, all three GCases are likely to have virtually identical structural and dynamic properties in solution. The guanidine‐titration experiments revealed that the pharmacological chaperone, isofagomine (IFG), interacts more weakly with the N370S mutant than with the R495H GCase; this is consistent with the higher IC50 value of IFG against N370S than against R495H. The time‐course experiments showed that IFG restricts the local unfolding motions of N370S in the same way as those of R495H when the ligand saturates the proteins.
Fluorescent DNA Labeling by N‐Mustard Analogues of S‐Adenosyl‐L‐Methionine
Authors: Du Yuhao , Hendrick Charles E. , Frye Krysta S. , Comstock Lindsay R.
Published: September 2012

Azide and alkyne‐functionalized N‐mustard analogues of S‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine have been synthesized and were demonstrated to undergo efficient methyltransferase‐dependent DNA alkylation by M.TaqI and M.HhaI. Subsequent labeling of the DNA with a fluorophore was carried out using copper‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition chemistry and was visualized by fluorescence scanning. This work demonstrates the utility of functionalized N‐mustard analogues as biochemical tools to study biological methylation and offers a facile way to site‐selectively label substrates of DNA methyltransferases.
Comparison of efficacy and safety of intracoronary sodium nitroprusside and intravenous adenosine for assessing fractional flow reserve
Authors: Rudzinski Wojciech , Waller Alfonso H. , Rusovici Arthur , Dehnee Abed , Nasur Ali , Benz Michael , Sanchez Salvador , Klapholz Marc , Kaluski Edo
Published: September 2012

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of intracoronary (IC) nitroprusside and intravenous adenosine (IVA) for assessing fractional flow reserve (FFR).

Background

IV infusion of adenosine is a standard method to achieve a coronary hyperemia for FFR measurement. However, adenosine is expensive, causes multiple side effects, and is contraindicated in patients with reactive airway disease. Sodium nitroprusside (NTP) is a strong coronary vasodilator but its efficacy and safety for assessing FFR is not well established.

Methods

We compared FFR response and side effects profile of IC NTP and IVA. Bolus of NTP at a dose of 100 μg and IVA (140 μg/kg/min) were used to achieve coronary hyperemia.

Results

We evaluated 75 lesions in 53 patients (60% male) mean age 61.6 ± 13.9 years. Mean FFR after NTP was similar to FFR after adenosine (0.836 ± 0.107 vs. 0.856 ± 0.106; P = 0.26; r = 0.91, P < 0.001). NTP induced maximal stable hyperemia within 10 sec (mean: 6.4 ± 1) which lasted consistently between 38 and 60 sec (mean 51 ± 7.5). NTP caused significant (14%), but asymptomatic decrease in mean blood pressure which returned to baseline within 60 sec. Adenosine caused shortness of breath in 26%, headache and flushing in 19%, and transient second degree heart block in 6% of patients. No adverse symptoms were reported after NTP.

Conclusions

IC NTP is as effective as IVA for measuring FFR. NTP is better tolerated by patients. Since NTP is inexpensive, readily available, well tolerated, and safe, it may be a better choice for FFR assessment. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors with or without thienopyridine pretreatment improve outcomes after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in high‐risk patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction—a meta‐regression of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Sethi Ankur , Bajaj Anurag , Bahekar Amol , Bhuriya Rohit , Singh Mukesh , Ahmed Aziz , Khosla Sandeep
Published: September 2012

Background

Recent studies have casted a doubt on usefulness of routine glycoprotein IIb/IIIA inhibitors (GPI) in patients, pretreated with aspirin and clopidogrel, undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Objective

We aimed to investigate the effect of relevant factors, particularly thienopyridine pretreatment, on clinical benefit from GPI in randomized controlled trials (RCT).

Methods

We searched electronic databases for RCT comparing GPI to control in patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI. Relevant study covariates and clinical outcomes were extracted. A random effect cumulative and subgroup analyses (thienopyridine non‐pretreated studies vs. pretreated studies) were performed. A weighted random effect meta‐regression to determine the effect of thienopyridine pretreatment, enrollment year, control group mortality, and ischemic time on mortality benefit from GPI use was conducted.

Results

Twenty studies (9 non‐pretreated, 11 pretreated) with a total of 7,414 patients (3,811 GPI, 3,603 control) were included. GPI use reduces mortality (risk ratio, RR = 0.75 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.57–0.97, P = 0.03), target vessel revascularization (TVR) (RR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.50–0.80, P = 0.0002), but not reinfarction (RR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.44–1.0, P = 0.05) at 30 days. There was no effect of thienopyridine pretreatment on reduction in mortality (P = 0.39), reinfarction (P =0.46), or TVR (P =0.95) in subgroup analysis. Meta‐regression analyses showed significant effect of control group mortality risk (B = −12.15, P = 0.034) but not of thienopyridine pretreatment, enrollment year or control group ischemic time on mortality reduction from GPI use.

Conclusion

The benefit from GPI use in primary PCI for STEMI appears to depend on mortality risk, and not on thienopyridine pretreatment. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High Throughput Screening of a Catalyst Library for the Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Heteroaromatic Ketones: Formal Syntheses of (R)‐Fluoxetine and (S)‐Duloxetine
Authors: Buitrago Elina , Lundberg Helena , Andersson Hans , Ryberg Per , Adolfsson Hans
Published: September 2012

A total of 21 amino acid based ligands including hydroxy amide, thioamide, and hydroxamic acid functionalities, respectively, were combined with [Ru(p‐cymene)Cl2]2 and [RhCp*Cl2]2, and used as catalysts for the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of four different heteroaromatic ketones in 2‐propanol. The reactions were performed on a Chemspeed automated high‐throughput screening robotic platform. Optimal catalysts were identified for the individual heterocyclic substrate classes. Based on these results, the formal syntheses of the antidepressant drugs (R)‐fluoxetine and (S)‐duloxetine were conducted by using the found catalysts in the key reaction step, which results in high isolated yields (94 %) and excellent product enantioselectivities (>99 % ee) of the formed 1,3‐amino alcohols.
Stereoselective Iodolactonization of 4‐Allenoic Acids with Efficient Chirality Transfer: Development of a New Electrophilic Iodination Reagent
Authors: Zhang Xiaobing , Fu Chunling , Yu Yihua , Ma Shengming
Published: September 2012

A highly stereoselective iodolactonization of 4‐allenoic acids with a new sterically demanding electrophilic iodination reagent to afford optically active γ‐butyrolactones has been developed. The reaction shows high efficiency of axial chirality transfer and excellent Z/E selectivity and has been applied to the synthesis of chiral cis‐β,γ‐disubstituted γ‐butyrolactones to give very high diastereomeric and enantiomeric excess values. The reaction has been successfully utilized in the synthesis of naturally occurring compounds (+)‐cis‐whisky lactone and (+)‐cis‐3‐methyl‐4‐decanolide.
Artificial Signal Transduction with Primary and Secondary Messengers
Authors: Bernitzki Kai , Maue Michael , Schrader Thomas
Published: September 2012

The complete, entirely artificial, signal‐transduction process was realized with a pair of tailored transmembrane units that were equipped with receptor‐ and reactive sites at both amphiphilic ends. Thus, docking of the primary messenger, transmission of the signal, and release of the secondary messenger could all be imitated in a single experimental setup. The system imitates the signaling principle of receptor tyrosine kinases and employs bisphosphonate head‐groups for oligoamine‐recognition and a pair of thiol nucleophiles and pyridine disulfide tail‐groups for intravesicle SN2 displacement. This system operates in a unidirectional fashion, does not suffer from intervesicle competition, and is highly sensitive towards the lipid composition of the membrane and the nature of the primary messenger.
Supramolecular Chirality in Organo‐, Hydro‐, and Metallogels Derived from Bis‐amides of L‐(+)‐Tartaric Acid: Formation of Highly Aligned 1D Silica Fibers and Evidence of 5‐c Net SnS Topology in a Metallogel Network
Authors: Das Uttam Kumar , Dastidar Parthasarathi
Published: September 2012

A series of bis‐amides derived from L‐(+)‐tartaric acid was synthesized as potential low‐molecular‐weight gelators. Out of 14 bis‐amides synthesized, 13 displayed organo‐, hydro‐, and ambidextrous gelation behavior. The gels were characterized by methods including circular dichroism, differential scanning calorimetry, optical and electron microscopy, and rheology. One of the gels derived from di‐3‐pyridyltartaramide (D‐3‐PyTA) displayed intriguing nanotubular morphology of the gel network, which was exploited as a template to generate highly aligned 1D silica fibers. The gelator D‐3‐PyTA was also exploited to generate metallogels by treatment with various CuII/ZnII salts under suitable conditions. A structure–property correlation on the basis of single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction data was attempted to gain insight into the structures of the gel networks in both organo‐ and metallogels. Such study led to the determination of the gel‐network structure of the CuII coordination‐polymer‐based metallogel, which displayed a 2D sheet architecture made of a chloride‐bridged double helix that resembled a 5‐c net SnS topology.
Synthesis of Rhenium‐Centric Reverse Turn Mimics
Authors: Hickey Jennifer L. , Luyt Leonard G.
Published: September 2012

Molecular scaffolds have been shown to facilitate and stabilise secondary structural turn elements, with a central core‐arranging functionality in a defined three‐dimensional orientation. In a peptide‐based molecular imaging probe, this approach is of particular value as it would essentially “hide” a metal radioisotope within the ligand framework, making the labelling element a critical component of the receptor‐bound structure. Starting from a 1,2‐diaminoethane loaded 2‐chlorotrityl resin, a versatile set of triamine ligand systems were synthesised by using solid‐phase Fmoc‐based peptide chemistry. The resultant resin‐bound peptides then underwent amide reduction by treatment with borane‐THF at 65 °C. This provided complete conversion to the corresponding polyamine entities in high purity for the majority of the amino acids utilised. The triamines were then coordinated on solid support by using [NEt4]2[Re(CO)3(Br)3] followed by resin cleavage and HPLC purification, to give the desired rhenium coordinated species. We have shown that amino acid sequences can be assembled, reduced and coordinated on‐resin, resulting in a versatile set of metal–ligand constructs. These studies could be expanded to generate libraries of turn‐based peptidomimetics containing Re/TcI organometallic scaffolds, with the intention of developing an improved approach for finding new diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceutical entities.
Platinum Nanoparticles Stabilized by Cucurbit[6]uril with Enhanced Catalytic Activity and Excellent Poisoning Tolerance for Methanol Electrooxidation
Authors: Cao Minna , Wu Dongshuang , Gao Shuiying , Cao Rong
Published: September 2012

Three sub‐10 nm platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) with distinctive morphologies were developed by using cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) as stabilizing agent and support. Both the size and shape of the PtNPs were simultaneously controlled by tuning the reducing agents. The prepared NPs have been comprehensively characterized by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. On account of the presence of CB[6] and its unique structural features, the as‐prepared PtNPs are homogeneous in morphologies and exhibit higher activities toward methanol electrooxidation than commercial Pt/C. CB[6] has the ability to bind small molecules that can promote CO oxidation, therefore, all the three PtNPs showed enhanced poisoning tolerance. Such unique abilities of CB[6] can even promote the poisoning tolerance of commercial Pt/C through simple physical mixing.
Inverting the Regioselectivity of the Berberine Bridge Enzyme by Employing Customized Fluorine‐Containing Substrates
Authors: Resch Verena , Lechner Horst , Schrittwieser Joerg H. , Wallner Silvia , Gruber Karl , Macheroux Peter , Kroutil Wolfgang
Published: September 2012

Fluorine is commonly applied in pharmaceuticals to block the degradation of bioactive compounds at a specific site of the molecule. Blocking of the reaction center of the enzyme‐catalyzed ring closure of 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydrobenzylisoquinolines by a fluoro moiety allowed redirecting the berberine bridge enzyme (BBE)‐catalyzed transformation of these compounds to give the formation of an alternative regioisomeric product namely 11‐hydroxy‐functionalized tetrahydroprotoberberines instead of the commonly formed 9‐hydroxy‐functionalized products. Alternative strategies to change the regioselectivity of the enzyme, such as protein engineering, were not applicable in this special case due to missing substrate–enzyme interactions. Medium engineering, as another possible strategy, had clear influence on the regioselectivity of the reaction pathway, but did not lead to perfect selectivity. Thus, only substrate tuning by introducing a fluoro moiety at one potential reactive carbon center switched the reaction to the formation of exclusively one regioisomer with perfect enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Growth and Optical Properties of Sm:CaNb2O6 Single Crystal.
Authors: Xu Xiaodong , et al. et al.
Published: September 2012

The title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of Sm2O3, CaCO3, and Nb2O5 (1200 °C, 10 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Thermoelectric Properties of the Novel A‐Site Deficient Zn0.5Rh2O4 Compound.
Authors: Nakamura Yuta , Kakemoto Hirofumi , Nishiyama Shin , Irie Hiroshi
Published: September 2012

The new thermoelectric title material is obtained from Li0.5Zn0.5Rh2O4 (obtained by solid state reaction of Li2CO3, Rh2O3, and ZnO in air at 1000 °C for 24 h) by immersion into an aqueous solution of K2S2O8 (1 and 10 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Unconventional Colossal Magnetoresistance in Sodium Chromium Oxide with a Mixed‐Valence State.
Authors: Sakurai Hiroya , Kolodiazhnyi Taras , Michiue Yuichi , Takayama‐Muromachi Eiji , Tanabe Yuichi , Kikuchi Hikomitsu
Published: September 2012

The new CrIII/CrIV mixed‐valence compound NaCr2O4 is synthesized by high temperature/high pressure reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of NaCrO2, Cr2O3, and CrO3 (gold capsule, Ar, 7 GPa, 1300 °C, 6 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Phase Transfer Darzens Reactions Catalyzed by D‐Glucose‐ and D‐Mannose‐Based Chiral Crown Ethers.
Authors: Rapi Zsolt , Bako Peter , Keglevich Gyoergy , Szoelloesy Aron , Drahos Laszlo , Botyanszki Adrienn , Holczbauer Tamas
Published: September 2012

Asymmetric Darzens condensation of various α‐chloro ketones with aromatic aldehydes proceeds readily in the presence of a D‐glucose‐derived chiral crown ether under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Alkylation of Tosylamides Using Esters as Primary and Tertiary Alkyl Sources: Mediated by Hydrosilanes Activated by a Ruthenium Catalyst.
Authors: Nishikata Takashi , Nagashima Hideo
Published: September 2012

The selective introductions of both primary and tertiary alkyl groups to tosylamides are achieved by simply changing the hydrosilane and the alkyl ester group.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Formation of C—O Bonds by Direct α‐C—H Bond Activation of Ethers Using Stoichiometric Amounts of Peroxide in Batch and Continuous‐Flow Formats.
Authors: Kumar G. Sathish , Pieber Bartholomaeus , Reddy K. Rajender , Kappe C. Oliver
Published: September 2012

The formation of unsymmetrical acetals is smoothly achieved using the title Cu‐catalyzed etherification of cyclic ethers (II), (IV) or dimethoxyethane (VI) with phenols (I) or β‐keto esters (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: PdCl2‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cycloisomerization of 3‐Cyclopropylideneprop‐2‐en‐1‐ones.
Authors: Miao Maozhong , Cao Jian , Zhang Jingjing , Huang Xian , Wu Luling
Published: September 2012

Reaction in the presence of Dess—Martin periodinane affords functionalized 2‐alkylidenecyclobutanones which are further converted to furanones bearing a spirocyclopropyl‐group if TfOH is used as a catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Formal [4 + 1]‐ and [5 + 1]‐Annulation by an SN2—Conjugate Addition Sequence: Stereoselective Synthesis of Highly Substituted Carbocycles.
Authors: Tong Benny Meng Kiat , Chen Hui , Chong Sin Yee , Heng Yi Li , Chiba Shunsuke
Published: September 2012

The reaction of 6‐bromo‐2‐hexenoates with active methylene compounds proceeds via formal [4 + 1]‐annulation and affords highly functionalized cyclopentanes with up to 4 stereocenters.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective N‐Alkylation of Arylamines with Alkyl Chloride in Ionic Liquids: Scope and Applications.
Authors: Monopoli Antonio , Cotugno Pietro , Cortese Marina , Calvano Cosima Damiana , Ciminale Francesco , Nacci Angelo
Published: September 2012

The synthetic value of the present protocol is demonstrated by preparation of bioactive heterocycles, e.g. (VI), and MALDI matrix (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: New Synthetic Approach to Phenylmethanesulfonamide Derivatives on the Basis of Phenyl‐N‐(2,2,2‐trichloroethylidene)methanesulfonamide.
Authors: Aizina Yu. A. , Levkovskaya G. G. , Rozentsveig I. B.
Published: September 2012

A new representative of highly electrophilic electron‐deficient imines, title compound (IV), is synthesized which shows high reactivity in the alkylation of arenes (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki Couplings Using a Novel Diaminophosphine Oxide as Ligand.
Authors: Mai Wen Peng , Wang Hui Hui , Yuan Jin Wei , Yang Liang Ru , Li Zhi Cheng
Published: September 2012

The stereochemically congested ligand PAT is synthesized and successfully employed in coupling reactions of aryl bromides with arylboronic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: General and Selective Head‐to‐Head Dimerization of Terminal Alkynes Proceeding via Hydropalladation Pathway.
Authors: Jahier Claire , Zatolochnaya Olga V. , Zvyagintsev Nickolay V. , Ananikov Valentine P. , Gevorgyan Vladimir
Published: September 2012

Aromatic, heteroaromatic and aliphatic alkynes, bearing a wide range of functional groups can be applied.
ChemInform Abstract: Trichlorosilyl Triflate Mediated Enantioselective Directed Cross‐Aldol Reaction Between Ketones Using a Chiral Phosphine Oxide as an Organocatalyst.
Authors: Aoki Shohei , Kotani Shunsuke , Sugiura Masaharu , Nakajima Makoto
Published: September 2012

For the first time, the title reaction between simple ketones is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Influence of the Acetylenic Substituent on the Intramolecular Carbolithiation of Alkynes.
Authors: Girard Anne‐Lise , Lhermet Rudy , Fressigne Catherine , Durandetti Muriel , Maddaluno Jacques
Published: September 2012

Cyclization of (2‐iodophenyl)propargyl ethers by carbolithiation occurs when the terminal propargylic carbon atom is at least disubstituted and bears a coordinating functionality.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Pyrroline Annulation of Glycine Imine with Enones.
Authors: Zhang Yu , Pan Ling , Xu Xianxu , Liu Qun
Published: September 2012

Michael addition of N‐(p‐chlorobenzylidene)glycine methyl ester (II) with various enones is combined with cyclization during the workup on silica gel column chromatography to give polysubstituted pyrrolines (III)/(IV), (VI)/(VII) and (IX)/(X) as diastereomeric mixtures.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of N‐Heterocycles via Copper/TEMPO Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Amino Alcohols.
Authors: Flanagan James C. A. , Dornan Laura M. , McLaughlin Mark G. , McCreanor Niall G. , Cook Matthew J. , Muldoon Mark J.
Published: September 2012

The copper‐catalyzed aerobic oxidation of 2‐aminophenethyl alcohols (I) leads selectively to indoles (II), whilst the analogous reaction of alcohols (III) gives rise to a mixture of quinolines (IV) and tetrahydroquinolinones (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Silver Triflate Catalyzed Tandem Heterocyclization/Alkynylation of 1‐((2‐Tosylamino)aryl)but‐2‐yne‐1,4‐diols to 2‐Alkynyl Indoles.
Authors: Mothe Srinivasa Reddy , Kothandaraman Prasath , Lauw Sherman Jun Liang , Chin Samuel Ming Wei , Chan Philip Wai Hong
Published: September 2012

The environmentally benign silver‐catalyzed tandem heterocyclization—alkynylation reaction tolerates a diversity of substituents at the starting alkyne‐1,4‐diols.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)‐Catalyzed Highly Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Oxo‐Diels—Alder Reactions for Synthesis of Fused Pyrano[2,3‐b]indoles.
Authors: Yang Limin , Wang Fei , Chua Pei Juan , Lv Yunbo , Zhong Liang‐Jun , Zhong Guofu
Published: September 2012

The reaction proceeds with complete dia‐ and excellent enantioselectivity and tolerates N‐produced N‐unprotected oxoindole derivatives and a wide range of functional groups in the α‐chloroaldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Regioselective Synthesis of 1,4,5‐Trisubstituted Pyrazoles under Solvent‐Free Conditions Without Catalyst.
Authors: Alinezhad Heshmatollah , Tajbakhsh Mahmood , Zare Mahboobeh
Published: September 2012

The title pyrazoles (IV) are prepared by a very fast one‐pot reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Iodine‐Mediated Oxygen Transfer from Nitro Groups to CC Bonds.
Authors: Cikotiene Inga
Published: September 2012

The present cycloisomerization is effected by use of either iodine monochloride or molecular iodine.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Functionalization of Homoallylic Alcohols: A Convenient Synthesis of Di‐ and Trisubstituted Isoxazolidines and β‐Amino‐δ‐Hydroxy Esters.
Authors: Malkov Andrei V. , Barlog Maciej , Miller‐Potucka Lucie , Kabeshov Mikhail A. , Farrugia Louis J. , Kocovsky Pavel
Published: September 2012

N‐Boc‐protected alkyloxyamines derived from homoallylic alcohols undergo a diastereoselective Pd‐catalyzed ring‐closing carbonylative amidation reaction to afford isoxazolidines that can be readily converted into N‐Boc‐protected β‐amino‐δ‐hydroxy carboxylic acid esters by cleavage of the O—N bond with Mo(CO)6.
ChemInform Abstract: An Alternative Synthetic Route for an Antidiabetic Drug, Rosiglitazone.
Authors: Jawale Dhanaji V. , Pratab Umesh R. , Mane Ramrao A.
Published: September 2012

A convenient and scalable novel route to the antidiabetic drug rosiglitazone (VI) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Synthesis of Substituted 1,2,3‐ and 1,2,4‐Triazoles from Bisarylhydrazones via C—H Functionalization/C—C/N—N/C—N Bonds Formation.
Authors: Guru Murali Mohan , Punniyamurthy Tharmalingam
Published: September 2012

A new, selective, and widely applicable method is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Substituted Pyrans via Amine‐Catalyzed Michael Addition and Subsequent Enolization/Cyclization.
Authors: Das Utpal , Huang Chan‐Hui , Lin Wenwei
Published: September 2012

The Michael addition—cyclization sequence of alkenes (I) with cyclohexanone proceeds with high stereoselectivity in the presence of a Chinchona‐based primary amine and o‐fluorobenzoic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: K2CO3‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Chromones and 4‐Quinolones Through the Cleavage of Aromatic C—O Bonds.
Authors: Zhao Jie , Zhao Yufen , Fu Hua
Published: September 2012

The intramolecular cyclization is catalyzed by K2CO3 and tolerates a wide range of functionalities and aromatic or aliphatic substituents at the dione moiety.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Pyridone Derivatives.
Authors: Hossaini Zinatossadat , Rostani‐Charati Faramarz , Hajinasiri Rahimeh , Khalilzadeh Mohammad A.
Published: September 2012

A simple protocol is presented for successful construction of the biologically important framework.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent Effect on Copper‐Catalyzed Azide—Alkyne Cycloaddition (CuAAC): Synthesis of Novel Triazolyl Substituted Quinolines as Potential Anticancer Agents.
Authors: Pal Manojit , et al. et al.
Published: September 2012

14 Title compounds of type (III) or (IV) are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Diynylation of Cyclic N‐Acyl Ketimines: Access to Chiral Trifluoromethylated Tertiary Carbinamines.
Authors: Zhang Fa‐Guang , Ma Hai , Nie Jing , Zheng Yan , Gao Qingzhi , Ma Jun‐An
Published: September 2012

The reaction proceeds well using a chiral chloramphenicol‐amine derivative as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloaddition/Aromatization Sequence for the Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Benzenephosphonates.
Authors: Villemin Elise , Marchand‐Brynaert Jacqueline
Published: September 2012

Diels—Alder reaction of diene (II) with dienophiles (I) or (VI) and subsequent treatment of the resulting cycloadducts according to A) gives ortho‐phosphonated phthalic acid derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antitumor‐Evaluation of 1,3,4‐Thiadiazole‐Containing Benzisoselenazolone Derivatives.
Authors: Luo Zhenhua , Chen Baoquan , He Shuangyan , Shi Yanping , Liu Yuming , Li Caiwen
Published: September 2012

A series of novel N‐thiadiazolylbenzisoselenazolone derivatives (VI) (I5 examples) is synthesized and evaluated for in vitro antiproliferative activity against 3 different human tumor cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: On Water Preparation of Phenylselenoesters.
Authors: Santi Claudio , Battistelli Benedetta , Testaferri Lorenzo , Tiecco Marcello
Published: September 2012

A variety of selenoesters (III) is readily prepared by reaction of acid chlorides (I) with zinc selenolate (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclohexadepsipeptides from the Filamentous Fungus Acremonium sp. BCC 2629.
Authors: Bunyapaiboonszi Taridaporn , Vongvilai Pornrapee , Auncharoen Patchanee , Isaka Masahiko
Published: September 2012

Beauvenniatins F (Ia), G1 (Ib), G2 (Ic), G3 (Id), H1 (Ie), H2 (If) and H3 (Ig) are isolated together with known cyclopeptides and identified as new constituents.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioactive Lipids from the Sponge Spirastrella abata.
Authors: Jang Kyoung Hwa , Lee Yoonyeong , Sim Chung J. , Oh Ki‐Bong , Shin Jongheon
Published: September 2012

Three sphingosine 4‐sulfates (I) and a lysophosphatidylglycerol (II) are isolated from the Korean sponge Spirastrella abata.
ChemInform Abstract: Antioxidative Oligostilbenes from Caragana sinica.
Authors: Hwang Bang Yeon , et al. et al.
Published: September 2012

Novel isomeric oligostilbenes, namely caragasinins A (I) and B (II), exhibit moderate DPPH scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Semiconducting Glasses: A New Class of Thermoelectric Materials?
Authors: Goncalves A. P. , et al. et al.
Published: September 2012

Review: [24 refs.]
ChemInform Abstract: Poly(disulfide)s
Authors: Bang Eun‐Kyoung , Lista Marco , Sforazzini Giuseppe , Sakai Naomi , Matile Stefan
Published: September 2012

Review: Scope and limitations of poly(disulfide)s to build modern supramolecular systems; 89 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hybrids of Amino Acids and Acetylenic DNA‐Photocleavers: Optimizing Efficiency and Selectivity for Cancer Phototherapy.
Authors: Breiner Boris , Kaya Kemal , Roy Saumya , Yang Wang‐Yong , Alabugin Igor V.
Published: September 2012

Review: 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Positional Selectivity in Electrophilic Substitution Reactions of π‐Excessive Heterocycles
Authors: Belen'kii L. I. , Chuvylkin N. D. , Nesterov I. D.
Published: September 2012

Review: 86 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Intermolecular Photochemical Hydrogen Abstraction: Synthetic Applications in Relation to Carbon—Carbon Bond Formation
Authors: Geraghty Niall W. A. , Lohan Mary Treasa
Published: September 2012

Review: 159 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Applications of Bipyrazole Systems
Authors: Abdel‐Wahab Bakr F. , Dawood Kamal M.
Published: September 2012

Review: 209 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Challenges and Artifact Concerns in Analysis of Volatile Sulfur Compounds
Authors: Block Eric
Published: September 2012

Review: 102 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Model Investigation of ab initio Geometries for Identity and Nonidentity Substitution with Three‐Center 4‐ and 3‐Electron Transition States
Authors: Buck Henk M.
Published: September 2012

Review: 38 refs.
Application of genetic algorithms in design and optimisation of multi‐stream plate–fin heat exchangers
Authors: Joda Fatemeh , Tahouni Nassim , Panjeshahi Mohammad Hassan
Published: September 2012

This paper introduces two new approaches in the thermo‐hydraulic design of multi‐stream heat exchangers (MSHEs). In both approaches, geometrical aspects of the MSHE (e.g. exchanger dimensions, fin type, etc.) are optimised with a genetic algorithm (GA) using the Total Annual Cost (TAC) as an objective function. The first approach is capable of utilising the maximum allowable stream pressure drops and can result in minimal surface area requirements. In the second approach, all of the pressure drop values are considered as design variables and are therefore subject to optimisation. These approaches have been applied to two case studies taken from literature, and the results are compared to those arising from a currently used design method. In the first case study, application of the new approaches resulted in a smaller TAC than the current approach by 5.77% and 31.86%, respectively, and improvement in the second case was estimated to be 5% and 21.46%, correspondingly. The effect of different fins on an MSHE's TAC is discussed through application of GAs to the current approach. It is shown that correct selection of fin types reduces the TAC of the two case studies by 21.75% and 8.7%, respectively. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Design of a multivariable internal model controller based on singular value decomposition
Authors: Jin Qi‐bing , Zhao Liang , Hao Feng , Liu Si‐wen
Published: September 2012

In this article, a novel internal model control (IMC) approach based on singular value decomposition (SVD) is proposed for the control of multiple‐input–multiple‐output (MIMO) systems with multiple time delays. This approach achieves decoupling using a compensation term and improves the robustness using SVD in the inverse of the steady‐state gain matrix of process. Meanwhile, a novel filter is designed for decoupling and fast response speed of multivariable systems with multiple delays. The design of the controller can be extended to non‐square systems where there are more inputs than outputs. Examples are included to illustrate the effectiveness of the method. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Blending domain estimates from two victimization surveys with possible bias
Authors: Lohr Sharon L. , Brick J. Michael
Published: September 2012

Dual frame survey methods are popular for blending estimates from two independent surveys that measure the same quantities. The relative weights assigned to observations from the surveys may be used for direct small domain estimates. In this paper, we explore methods for small domain estimation from two surveys when one survey may be biased relative to the other. These methods are explored in the context of a proposed new companion survey for the US National Crime Victimization Survey. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 40: 679–696; 2012 © 2012 Statistical Society of Canada
Electrocatalytic Reduction of Acetone in a Proton‐Exchange‐Membrane Reactor: A Model Reaction for the Electrocatalytic Reduction of Biomass
Authors: Green Sara K. , Tompsett Geoffrey A. , Kim Hyung Ju , Kim Won Bae , Huber George W.
Published: September 2012

Acetone was electrocatalytically reduced to isopropanol in a proton‐exchange‐membrane (PEM) reactor on an unsupported platinum cathode. Protons needed for the reduction were produced on the unsupported PtRu anode from either hydrogen gas or electrolysis of water. The current efficiency (the ratio of current contributing to the desired chemical reaction to the overall current) and reaction rate for acetone conversion increased with increasing temperature or applied voltage for the electrocatalytic acetone/water system. The reaction rate and current efficiency went through a maximum with respect to acetone concentration. The reaction rate for acetone conversion increased with increasing temperature for the electrocatalytic acetone/hydrogen system. Increasing the applied voltage for the electrocatalytic acetone/hydrogen system decreased the current efficiency due to production of hydrogen gas. Results from this study demonstrate the commercial feasibility of using PEM reactors to electrocatalytically reduce biomass‐derived oxygenates into renewable fuels and chemicals.
Adaptive modulation with constrained variable power for space–time coded MIMO systems
Authors: Yu Xiangbin , Liu Xiaoshuai , Zhu Qiuming , Xu Dazhuan
Published: September 2012

Practically, the maximum transmission power of transmission systems is limited. This power constraint causes the variable power control derived from no maximum power limitation suffering from performance degradation. In this paper, a constrained variable‐power adaptive M‐ary quadrature amplitude modulation scheme for MIMO systems with space–time coding is developed. Convex optimization is used to derive the switching thresholds of the instantaneous signal‐to‐noise ratio for power control (PC) and adaptive modulation under the constraints of maximum power, average power, and target BER. In the derivation of the relation between modulation and power, the exact BER expression of binary phase shift keying modulation and a tight bound for higher order quadrature amplitude modulation are used to make the PC scheme fulfill the target BER even at low signal‐to‐noise ratio where the previous PC schemes fail to meet the target BER. Numerical results show that the derived control scheme under the power constraints can obtain the spectrum efficiency and BER performance close to the previous control scheme without power limitation. Moreover, it can satisfy the requirements of power limitation and target BER and can effectively avoid the excessive power consumption of previous PC scheme in poor channel condition. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coupling model uncertainty for coupled rainfall/runoff and surface water quality models in river problems
Authors: Parker Geoffrey T. , Droste Ronald L. , Rennie Colin D.
Published: September 2012

Coupled hydrology and water quality models are an important tool today, used in the understanding and management of surface water and watershed areas. Such problems are generally subject to substantial uncertainty in parameters, process understanding, and data. Component models, drawing on different data, concepts, and structures, are affected differently by each of these uncertain elements. This paper proposes a framework wherein the response of component models to their respective uncertain elements can be quantified and assessed, using a hydrological model and water quality model as two exemplars. The resulting assessments can be used to identify model coupling strategies that permit more appropriate use and calibration of individual models, and a better overall coupled model response. One key finding was that an approximate balance of water quality and hydrological model responses can be obtained using both the QUAL2E and Mike11 water quality models. The balance point, however, does not support a particularly narrow surface response (or stringent calibration criteria) with respect to the water quality calibration data, at least in the case examined here. Additionally, it is clear from the results presented that the structural source of uncertainty is at least as significant as parameter‐based uncertainties in areal models. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.