bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desvendando a base intelectual do tema qualidade em serviços: quando o discurso muda o tom
Authors: Abreu Arlete Aparecida , Antonialli Luiz Marcelo , Andrade Daniela Meirelles
Published: January 2020

Objetivo: Delimitar, explorar e categorizar a base intelectual do campo relativo ao tema qualidade em servios. Mtodo: Anlise Bibliomtrica realizada em bases internacionais e posterior anlise da rede de cocitao. Originalidade/Relevncia: Existem muitos estudos na rea que revisam o conceito especialmente atravs da ferramenta Servqual, contudo, nenhum voltado para a anlise dos discursos da base intelectual do campo. Resultados: Os dados revelam uma base intelectual composta por duas redes conectadas; sendo a segunda, objeto de anlise deste artigo. A discusso dos artigos expoentes desta rede permite demonstrar como o conhecimento no campo ocorreu com o tempo e a evoluo da preocupao com as formas de mensurao e variveis que influenciam a qualidade em servios. Contribuies tericas/metodolgica: O artigo delimita e caracteriza a segunda rede de cocitao do campo, ou seja, a base intelectual que suporta tal aparato terico. Demonstra a evoluo dos discursos em direo preocupao com temas atuais, especialmente em relao a novas formas de mensurar tal atributo.
The Beginnings of Polish Comparative Literature. The Early Paradigm
by Edward Kasperski
Authors: Kasperski Edward
Published: January 2020

The article discusses the early paradigm of Polish comparative literature, as well as the conditions
of its introduction. A survey of the practices of writers such as Ludwik Osiński, Adam Mickiewicz,
Cyprian Norwid, Kazimierz Brodziński, Maurycy Mochnacki, shows that this paradigm was
characterized by: 1) pluralism, 2) a search for explanatory constructs that are indicative of the
unity of literature, culture, and civilization in the face of common empiricism and sensual observation,
3) references to imagination, invention, intuition, and „sensing”, which freely interconnect
with rational cognitive activity, 4) the comparative method, 5) the community-based categories,
6) the issues of identity-based thinking (essentialist and realistic when it comes to the perception
of universals), 7) concentration on the issues of emulation (similarity and repetition) and originality
(difference), which polemically evokes the classics, 8) totalizing thinking, 9) the category of nationality,
10) transgressiveness. The article is a posthumous publication and has been submitted to print
by Żaneta Nalewajk.
Overcoming the Other in Oneself: Jan Józef Szczepański’s
Nasze nie nasze
Authors: Fride Barbara
Published: January 2020

The article compares two pieces of literary reportage included in Jan Józef Szczepański’s
Nasze nie nasze (about Greece, 1975, and Mexico, 1981). In Greece, Szczepański
discovers a number of places perceived as alien. In turn, from his description
of the expedition to Mexico, and of the encounters with several native tribes (such as
religion, beliefs, or rituals), we can learn about an unknown face of Mesoamerica.
The comparison of the cultures of Greece and Mexico shows that the categories of „familiar”
and „unfamiliar” are interchangeable.
The Intermingling of Cultures in Teatr Wierszalin
Authors: Wiśniewski Tomasz
Published: January 2020

Academic discussion on the intercultural dimension of theatre is dominated by attempts
at establishing a coherent paradigm that should be capable of explaining social,
historical, economic and political phenomena. This results from assuming affi nities between
the “intercultural theatre” and a concrete, if dependent on historical evolution,
ideological message of this type of theatre. In this article, I suggest a different analytical
perspective. It is focused on the esthetics of detail. The research material covers recent
performances of Teatr Wierszalin.
The Text of Violence as a Problem for Reportage. On Like Eating a Stone
and Today We’re Going to Draw Death by Wojciech Tochman
Authors: Żurek Łukasz
Published: January 2020

The article demonstrates that recent Polish works of reportage are closely connected with the
realistic convention of representation. A linear fl ow of sentences (based on, as Jerzy Ziomek puts
it, „the vehicular function of language”) projects a mode of reading that concentrates more on
„what” is said than on „how” the content of communication is constructed. The second part of the
article examines two reportages by Wojciech Tochman through a reference to Ryszard Koziołek’s
concept of „the text of violence”. It is argued that in both cases the reporter creates a specific mode
of readingm the main goal of which is to prevent the readers from treating his genocidal reportages
as if they were realistic fictions describing purely fictional acts of violence.
Micro-literature and Parodic Games in John Crace’s Brideshead Abbreviated: The Digested Read of the Twentieth Century
Authors: Szeremeta Katarzyna
Published: January 2020

The following article aims to discuss parodic reworkings of literary classics for the twenty-first century readers as a form of micro-literature. The short format initiated in 2000 by the British satirist John Crace in The Guardian has become increasingly popular and outshone longer, traditional narratives. Although it generated significant critical attention it has not been exhausted by other researchers. Thus, the main objective is the analysis of the transformative process of digestion between source-texts and their abridged versions. The most relevant aspects investigated here include generic boundaries of parody and pastiche, intertextual strategies and the role of the reader.
On Comprehending Comics, or Little Nemo in the Land of (Meta)Narratology
Authors: Jutkiewicz Michal
Published: January 2020

The paper proposes a model of reading comics that combines the perspectives of postclassical narratology and comics studies. A few prominent narratology scholars, such as David Herman, have used comics as a basis for revisions of their theories of narration as a cognitive construct. However, they tend to overlook the formal and medium-speciﬁ c aspect of graphical narration. On the other hand, comics studies scholars tend to focus on the formal elements of comics systems and overlook the inﬂ uence of those elements on storytelling. The article tries to connect these perspectives through a reference to Kari Kukkonen’s and Charles Hatﬁ eld’s critical approaches to comics. Hatﬁ eld’s description of the reading of comics as an interplay of tensions on different semantic levels of the medium leads to Kukkonen’s observation that constructing narration in comics is based on the cognitive process of inference and the creation of hypotheses that are constantly veriﬁ ed by readers who then construct mental images of the storyworlds. The model proposed in the article describes the act of reading comics as a constant oscillation between medium-speciﬁ c formal elements, such as juxtapositions of images, construction of panels, tensions between text and image, and narration as such. Illustrations of the thesis come primarily from Little Nemo in Slumberland by Windsor McCay.
3D-Printed Modified-Release Tablets: A Review of the Recent Advances
Authors: Siamidi Angeliki , Tsintavi Eleni , M. Rekkas Dimitrios , Vlachou Marilena
Published: January 2020

The broad spectrum of applications of three-dimensional printing (3D printing, 3DP) has attracted the attention of researchers working in diverse fields. In pharmaceutics, the main idea behind 3D printing products is to design and develop delivery systems that are suited to an individual’s needs. In this way, the size, appearance, shape, and rate of delivery of a wide array of medicines could be easily adjusted. The aim of this chapter is to provide a compilation of the 3D printing techniques, used for the fabrication of oral drug delivery systems, and review the relevant scientific developments in particular those with modified-release characteristics.
Evolução da norma NBR 7188/2013: carga móvel rodoviária e de pedestres em pontes, viadutos, passarelas e outras estruturas
Authors: Silva Taluane Gomes da , Santos Douglas Freitas Augusto dos
Published: January 2020

As pontes são obras de arte especiais para transpor um obstáculo natural como, mar, rio, vale e etc.. Sofrem esforços de cargas oriundas do tráfego e com o passar de sua vida útil essas cargas tendem a evoluir, devido ao crescimento populacional e aumento do carregamento dos veículos, aumentando assim os esforços. Este trabalho tem como objetivo mostrar a evolução das cargas móveis comparando a norma atual de procedimento NBR 7188 (2013), com a norma NBR 7188 (1984) e a NB06 (1960). Os parâmetros avaliados são as definições de classes, o trem-tipo que é designado com os esforços que a multidão e os veículos exercem em conjunto na ponte e o coeficiente de impacto.
Principles of self-organization and load adaptation by the actin cytoskeleton during clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Authors: Akamatsu Matthew , Vasan Ritvik , Serwas Daniel , Ferrin Michael A , Rangamani Padmini , Drubin David G
Published: January 2020

Force generation by actin assembly shapes cellular membranes. An experimentally constrained multiscale model shows that a minimal branched actin network is sufficient to internalize endocytic pits against membrane tension. Around 200 activated Arp2/3 complexes are required for robust internalization. A newly developed molecule-counting method determined that ~200 Arp2/3 complexes assemble at sites of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in human cells. Simulations predict that actin self-organizes into a radial branched array with growing ends oriented toward the base of the pit. Long actin filaments bend between attachment sites in the coat and the base of the pit. Elastic energy stored in bent filaments, whose presence was confirmed by cryo-electron tomography, contributes to endocytic internalization. Elevated membrane tension directs more growing filaments toward the base of the pit, increasing actin nucleation and bending for increased force production. Thus, spatially constrained actin filament assembly utilizes an adaptive mechanism enabling endocytosis under varying physical constraints.
Kinesin Kif2C in regulation of DNA double strand break dynamics and repair
Authors: Zhu Songli , Paydar Mohammadjavad , Wang Feifei , Li Yanqiu , Wang Ling , Barrette Benoit , Bessho Tadayoshi , Kwok Benjamin H , Peng Aimin
Published: January 2020

DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) have detrimental effects on cell survival and genomic stability, and are related to cancer and other human diseases. In this study, we identified microtubule-depolymerizing kinesin Kif2C as a protein associated with DSB-mimicking DNA templates and known DSB repair proteins in Xenopus egg extracts and mammalian cells. The recruitment of Kif2C to DNA damage sites was dependent on both PARP and ATM activities. Kif2C knockdown or knockout led to accumulation of endogenous DNA damage, DNA damage hypersensitivity, and reduced DSB repair via both NHEJ and HR. Interestingly, Kif2C depletion, or inhibition of its microtubule depolymerase activity, reduced the mobility of DSBs, impaired the formation of DNA damage foci, and decreased the occurrence of foci fusion and resolution. Taken together, our study established Kif2C as a new player of the DNA damage response, and presented a new mechanism that governs DSB dynamics and repair.
Do progenitors play dice?
Authors: Klingler Esther , Jabaudon Denis
Published: January 2020

The wide range of cell types produced by single progenitors in the neocortex of mice may result from stochastic rather than deterministic processes.
Becoming AGENDA: The Making and Mattering of a Youth Activist Resource on Gender and Sexual Violence
Authors: Renold Emma
Published: January 2020

What happens when ‘the margin of manouverability’ (Massumi 2015, p.3) in a specific socio-political context is buzzing with promise and possibility? What might some crafty and serious play with the feminist posthuman ethics of research/er reponse-ability (Barad, 2007) cook up in such a conducive soup? This paper shares the pARTicipatory praxis that informed the making of ‘AGENDA: A Young People’s Guide to Making Positive Relationships Matter’ (Renold, 2016). AGENDA is a 75 page youth-activist bi-lingual (Welsh-English) interactive resource co-created with and for young people in Wales to address gendered and sexual violence. Crafted with an affirmative cut and nurturing a run-a-way praxis that secretes its own co-ordinates, AGENDA invites a care-ful re-mattering of ‘what matters’ when it comes to conventional healthy relationships education. The paper offers a careful cartography of how AGENDA unfolded as a lively resource that continues to matter as it connects to policy and practice assemblages that push-pull the agential becomings of AGENDA on its way.
Comparative analysis of the demographic parameters of seven spotted ladybird beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) reared on various host aphid species
Authors: Farooq Muhammad , Zhu Xun , Shakeel Muhammad , Iftikhar Ayesha , Shahid Muhammad Rafiq , Saeed Nadia , Arain Muhammad Shahid
Published: January 2020

Background

The demographic parameters of the predacious seven spotted ladybird beetle Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) reared on the following four host aphid species were compared: Rhopalosiphum padi Linnaeus (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Sitobion avenae Fabricius (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and Schizaphis graminum Rondani (Hemiptera: Aphididae).

Methods

The developmental period, fecundity, adult preoviposition period, total preoviposition period and population parameters were evaluated based on the two-sex age-stage life table. The duration of the developmental stages and the population parameters were calculated with the TWOSEX-MSChart program, whereas population size was projected based on the two-sex age-stage life table data with the TIMING-MSChart program.

Results

The intrinsic rate of increase (r) was the highest in the R. padi predators (0.1946 per day), followed by the S. graminum (0.1435 per day), S. avenae (0.1400 per day), and R. maidis (0.1180 per day) predators. The differences in the net reproductive rate (R0) and the finite rate of increase (λ) when C. septempunctata was reared on the four aphid species were consistent with the r values. This trend was reversed for the mean generation time (T), which ranged from 29.02 days for the lady beetles reared on R. padi to 39.75 days for the lady beetles reared on R. maidis. Interestingly, R. padi was the most suitable host, while the congeneric R. maidis was the least suitable. The results of this study may be useful for future investigations regarding the ecological effects of predatory species and the mass-production of C. septempunctata in the laboratory for an augmentative release of an aphid predator.
Autophagy-related genes prognosis signature as potential predictive markers for immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Mao Deli , Zhang Zhe , Zhao Xin , Dong Xiaoqiang
Published: January 2020

Autophagy-related genes (ATGs) depress tumorigenesis. However, in tumor tissue, it promotes tumor progression. Here, we demonstrated that 63 ATGs were differentially expressed in normal tissues and tumor tissues of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and seven prognostic-related genes were chosen to establish prognostic risk signatures. It is not just an independent prognostic factor for HCC, but also closely related to the degree of malignancy of HCC. Further, the hallmarks of PI3K–AKT–mTOR signaling was significantly enriched in the high-risk group. Moreover, AKT–pS473 and mTOR–pS2448 expression was down-regulated and correlated with patient prognosis in high-risk group. Finally, we demonstrate that the prognosis signature of ATGs is closely related to immune cell infiltration and PD-L1 expression. In conclusion, ATGs are a crucial factor in the malignant progression of HCC and will be a new prognostic marker for diagnosis and treatment. ATGs prognostic signatures are potentially useful for predicting PD-L1 therapeutic effects.
Identification of key biomarkers and immune infiltration in the synovial tissue of osteoarthritis by bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Cai Weisong , Li Haohuan , Zhang Yubiao , Han Guangtao
Published: January 2020

Background

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common chronic degenerative joint disease and is mainly characterized by cartilage degeneration, subcartilage bone hyperplasia, osteophyte formation and joint space stenosis. Recent studies showed that synovitis might also be an important pathological change of OA. However, the molecular mechanisms of synovitis in OA are still not well understood.

Objective

This study was designed to identify key biomarkers and immune infiltration in the synovial tissue of osteoarthritis by bioinformatics analysis.

Materials and Methods

The gene expression profiles of GSE12021, GSE55235 and GSE55457 were downloaded from the GEO database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by the LIMMA package in Bioconductor, and functional enrichment analyses were performed. A protein-protein interaction network (PPI) was constructed, and module analysis was performed using STRING and Cytoscape. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to analyze the immune infiltration of synovial tissue between OA and normal controls.

Results

A total of 106 differentially expressed genes, including 68 downregulated genes and 38 upregulated genes, were detected. The PPI network was assessed, and the most significant module containing 14 hub genes was identified. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that the hub genes were significantly enriched in immune cell chemotaxis and cytokine activity. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the hub genes were significantly enriched in the rheumatoid arthritis signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction signaling pathway. The immune infiltration profiles varied significantly between osteoarthritis and normal controls. Compared with normal tissue, OA synovial tissue contained a higher proportion of memory B cells, naive CD4+ T cells, regulatory T cells, resting dendritic cells and resting mast cells, while naive CD4+ T cells, activated NK cells, activated mast cells and eosinophils contributed to a relatively lower portion (P > 0.05). Finally, the expression levels of 11 hub genes were confirmed by RT-PCR.

Conclusion

The hub genes and the difference in immune infiltration in synovial tissue between osteoarthritis and normal controls might provide new insight for understanding OA development.
The occurrence of nonglycosylated forms of N‐glycoprotein upon proteasome inhibition does not confirm cytosolic deglycosylation
Authors: Huang Chengcheng , Suzuki Tadashi
Published: January 2020

N‐Glycosylated substrates that undergo ER‐associated degradation (ERAD) are often deglycosylated by the cytosolic peptide:N‐glycanase (Ngly1) during their proteasomal degradation in the cytosol. Consequently, the presence of non‐ or deglycosylated forms of such proteins after treatment with proteasome inhibitors is widely used as evidence for cytosolic deglycosylation by Ngly1. However, in this study, the accumulation of nonglycosylated RTA∆m, a model ERAD substrate, was still observed in mouse cells lacking cytosolic de‐N‐glycosylating enzymes, when treated with proteasome inhibitors. It was found that RTA∆m is normally partially N‐glycosylated, while the nonglycosylated form is rapidly degraded by proteasomes in the cytosol. Our results suggest that the occurrence of ‘nonglycosylated’ ERAD substrates upon treatment with proteasome inhibitors is not necessarily a clue for cytosolic deglycosylation.
Study: Number of alcohol‐related deaths doubled between 1999 and 2017
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: January 2020

This is going to be the year of alcohol: the year the public, awakened to substance use disorders by the tragedy of opioid‐related deaths, finally recognizes that underneath its nose alcohol‐related deaths have been increasing just as tragically.
Legal setback doesn't deter patient from parity fighting UnitedHealth Group
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: January 2020

A federal judge in California this month dismissed a young adult's class‐action complaint against UnitedHealth Group and several of its affiliates and subsidiaries for alleged violations of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA), but the young man and his counsel see the latest development as merely a speed bump in their pursuit of claims against the major insurer.
Three Electron Reversible Redox Reaction in Sodium Vanadium Chromium Phosphate as a High‐Energy‐Density Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhao Yongjie , Gao Xiangwen , Gao Hongcai , Jin Haibo , Goodenough John B.
Published: January 2020

A sodium‐ion battery operating at room temperature is of great interest for large‐scale stationary energy storage because of its intrinsic cost advantage. However, the development of a high capacity cathode with high energy density remains a great challenge. In this work, sodium super ionic conductor‐structured Na3V2−xCrx(PO4)3 is achieved through the sol–gel method; Na3V1.5Cr0.5(PO4)3 is demonstrated to have a capacity of 150 mAh g−1 with reversible three‐electron redox reactions after insertion of a Na+, consistent with the redox couples of V2+/3+, V3+/4+, and V4+/5+. Moreover, a symmetric sodium‐ion full cell utilizing Na3V1.5Cr0.5(PO4)3 as both the cathode and anode exhibits an excellent rate capability and cyclability with a capacity of 70 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1. Ex situ X‐ray diffraction analysis and in situ impedance measurements are performed to reveal the sodium storage mechanism and the structural evolution during cycling.
3D‐Printed Structure Boosts the Kinetics and Intrinsic Capacitance of Pseudocapacitive Graphene Aerogels
Authors: Yao Bin , Chandrasekaran Swetha , Zhang Haozhe , Ma Annie , Kang Junzhe , Zhang Lei , Lu Xihong , Qian Fang , Zhu Cheng , Duoss Eric B. , Spadaccini Christopher M. , Worsley Marcus A. , Li Yat
Published: January 2020

The performance of pseudocapacitive electrodes at fast charging rates are typically limited by the slow kinetics of Faradaic reactions and sluggish ion diffusion in the bulk structure. This is particularly problematic for thick electrodes and electrodes highly loaded with active materials. Here, a surface‐functionalized 3D‐printed graphene aerogel (SF‐3D GA) is presented that achieves not only a benchmark areal capacitance of 2195 mF cm−2 at a high current density of 100 mA cm−2 but also an ultrahigh intrinsic capacitance of 309.1 µF cm−2 even at a high mass loading of 12.8 mg cm−2. Importantly, the kinetic analysis reveals that the capacitance of SF‐3D GA electrode is primarily (93.3%) contributed from fast kinetic processes. This is because the 3D‐printed electrode has an open structure that ensures excellent coverage of functional groups on carbon surface and facilitates the ion accessibility of these surface functional groups even at high current densities and large mass loading/electrode thickness. An asymmetric device assembled with SF‐3D GA as anode and 3D‐printed GA decorated with MnO2 as cathode achieves a remarkable energy density of 0.65 mWh cm−2 at an ultrahigh power density of 164.5 mW cm−2, outperforming carbon‐based supercapacitors operated at the same power density.
Highly Flexible Fabric‐Based Organic Light‐Emitting Devices for Conformal Wearable Displays
Authors: Yin Da , Chen Zhi‐Yu , Jiang Nai‐Rong , Liu Yue‐Feng , Bi Yan‐Gang , Zhang Xu‐Lin , Han Wei , Feng Jing , Sun Hong‐Bo
Published: January 2020

Organic light‐emitting devices on fabrics (Fa‐OLEDs) are outstanding candidates for high‐quality wearable displays. High flexibility and conformality to clothes deformations are required for Fa‐OLEDs to keep wearing comfort during body movement. However, it is a great challenge to realize an ultrathin planarization layer with ultrasmooth surface simultaneously on the rough surface of fabrics for Fa‐OLEDs fabrication. Here, a template‐stripping process is employed to fabricate both ultrathin and ultrasmooth planarization layers for highly flexible and efficient Fa‐OLEDs. The thickness of the planarization layer is as small as 3 µm while its surface roughness is only 0.6 nm. The planarization process is insensitive to the textures and morphology of fabrics. As a result, the Fa‐OLEDs show excellent electroluminescent performance and flexibility. The maximum current efficiency of 78 cd A−1 is comparable with that of the conventional planar devices. The variation of current efficiency is as small as 8% after 1000 times of bending with 1 mm bending radius, which is the best bending stability of the flexible Fa‐OLEDs reported to date. The Fa‐OLEDs are successfully used as conformal wearable displays by sewing on clothes and keep working well with a series of arm movements.
Dual‐Mode Wearable Strain Sensor Based on Graphene/Colloidal Crystal Films for Simultaneously Detection of Subtle and Large Human Motions
Authors: Xu Hua , Zhang Ming Kun , Lu Yi Fei , Li Jia Jia , Ge Si Jia , Gu Zhong Ze
Published: January 2020

Wearable strain sensors with high sensitivity and broad sensing ranges to detect both subtle and large human motion are highly desirable in health monitoring systems. Here, a novel, dual‐mode strain sensor based on the reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/polydimethlsiloxane (PDMS) film adhered to micropatterning elastomer colloidal crystal film is proposed to realize these goals. The rGO/PDMS film is designed for detecting subtle human motion via its resistance change, while the colloidal crystal film is used for detecting large human motion via its simple colorimetric changes or reflection peak shifts and simultaneously as a microstructured substrate for graphene film to improve their sensitivity. Investigation of their detection ability displays that the colloidal crystal film exhibits a wide sensing range up to 68.2% strain and the rGO/PDMS film demonstrates a high gauge factor value of 4.78 within 30% strain with rapid response time and excellent reversibility. Such superior performance endows the dual‐mode sensor for detecting various large human joint movements and subtle human physiological motions. This research provides new insights into the design and fabrication of high‐performance strain sensor for full‐range human motions' detection and the proposed sensor has great potential for application in human motion recognition and healthcare monitoring.
Steric Poly(diarylfluorene‐co‐benzothiadiazole) for Efficient Amplified Spontaneous Emission and Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes: Benefit from Preventing Interchain Aggregation and Polaron Formation
Authors: Bai Lubing , Sun Chen , Han Yamin , Wei Chuanxin , An Xiang , Sun Lili , Sun Ning , Yu Mengna , Zhang Kangning , Lin Jinyi , Xu Man , Xie Linghai , Ling Haifeng , Cabanillas‐Gonzalez Juan , Song Ling , Hao Xiaotao , Huang Wei
Published: January 2020

The effect of introducing side‐chain steric hindrance on the optoelectronic properties of the well‐studied green light emitting polymer (poly(9,9‐di‐n‐octylfluorene‐alt‐benzothiadiazole), F8BT) is investigated by means of replacing the 9,9‐dioctylfluorene unit by two novel steric hindrance functionalized monomers, namely, poly(9,9‐diarylfluorene‐alt‐benzothiadiazole) (FDFBT) and poly(9,9‐diarylfluorene‐4‐carbazole‐alt‐benzothiadiazole) (FCzBT). Bathochromic shifts of the optical spectra concomitant with enhanced photoluminescence quantum yields and improved film morphologies are found on the novel copolymers compared to F8BT. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy demonstrates how steric hindrance effect in the novel copolymers manifests into enhanced stimulated emission and longer excited state lifetimes, associated with the suppression of polaron formation, all these being favorable features for light amplifying applications. Consequently, random lasing emission is achieved in films based on these copolymers with a threshold of three times lower than that of F8BT (22.95 µJ cm−2 for F8BT; 6.36 µJ cm−2 for FDFBT and 8.44 µJ cm−2 for FCzBT). Polymer light‐emitting diodes based on the novel copolymers exhibit performances comparable to the best reported on fluorene‐based devices. All of these results manifest the great potential of these novel copolymers for the application in the field of light‐emitting devices.
Van der Waals Heterostructures with Tunable Tunneling Behavior Enabled by MoO3 Surface Functionalization
Authors: Wang Yanan , Xiang Du , Zheng Yue , Liu Tao , Ye Xin , Gao Jing , Yang Hang , Han Cheng , Chen Wei
Published: January 2020

Heterostructures of 2D materials represent a powerful material platform that has essentially defined the technological foundation for all modern electronic and optoelectronic devices. Although most of the reported heterostructures devices exhibit extraordinary electronic and optoelectronic properties, they depend on the proper combination of selected materials, which limits the broad tunability of the devices. Herein, it is demonstrated that a vertical van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) device, which is composed of MoS2 and MoTe2, can function as a backward tunneling diode, photovoltaic cell, and photodetector through surface functionalization of MoO3. The realization of this backward tunneling diode is attributed to the band alignment variation from type II to type III via in situ MoO3 functionalization. Furthermore, the power conversion efficiency of this vdWHs based photovoltaic device is significantly enhanced by nearly four times, benefiting from the more efficient photocarrier separation after MoO3 decoration. The enhanced photovoltaic effect can be retained even after air exposure, revealing the excellent air stability. Meanwhile, the modified vdWHs device exhibits the photodetecting property with photocurrent responsivity of around 2 A W−1 and external quantum efficiency about 400%. This work promises surface functionalization as an effective approach to broaden the device functionality of 2D heterostructures in electronics and optoelectronics.
Noninterference Revealing of “Layered to Layered” Zinc Storage Mechanism of δ‐MnO2 toward Neutral Zn–Mn Batteries with Superior Performance
Authors: Jiang Yuqi , Ba Deliang , Li Yuanyuan , Liu Jinping
Published: January 2020

MnO2 is one of the most studied cathodes for aqueous neutral zinc‐ion batteries. However, the diverse reported crystal structures of MnO2 compared to δ‐MnO2 inevitably suffer a structural phase transition from tunneled to layered Zn‐buserite during the initial cycles, which is not as kinetically direct as the conventional intercalation electrochemistry in layered materials and thus poses great challenges to the performance and multifunctionality of devices. Here, a binder‐free δ‐MnO2 cathode is designed and a favorable “layered to layered” Zn2+ storage mechanism is revealed systematically using such a “noninterferencing” electrode platform in combination with ab initio calculation. A flexible quasi‐solid‐state Zn–Mn battery with an electrodeposited flexible Zn anode is further assembled, exhibiting high energy density (35.11 mWh cm−3; 432.05 Wh kg−1), high power density (676.92 mW cm−3; 8.33 kW kg−1), extremely low self‐discharge rate, and ultralong stability up to 10 000 cycles. Even with a relatively high δ‐MnO2 mass loading of 5 mg cm−2, significant energy and power densities are still achieved. The device also works well over a broad temperature range (0–40 °C) and can efficiently power different types of small electronics. This work provides an opportunity to develop high‐performance multivalent‐ion batteries via the design of a kinetically favorable host structure.
Understanding Li‐Ion Dynamics in Lithium Hydroxychloride (Li2OHCl) Solid State Electrolyte via Addressing the Role of Protons
Authors: Song Ah‐Young , Turcheniuk Kostiantyn , Leisen Johannes , Xiao Yiran , Meda Lamartine , Borodin Oleg , Yushin Gleb
Published: January 2020

Low‐melting‐point solid‐state electrolytes (SSE) are critically important for low‐cost manufacturing of all‐solid‐state batteries. Lithium hydroxychloride (Li2OHCl) is a promising material within the SSE domain due to its low melting point (mp < 300 °C), cheap ingredients (Li, H, O, and Cl), and rapid synthesis. Another unique feature of this compound is the presence of Li vacancies and rotating hydroxyl groups which promote Li‐ion diffusion, yet the role of the protons in the ion transport remains poorly understood. To examine lithium and proton dynamics, a set of solid‐state NMR experiments are conducted, such as magic‐angle spinning 7Li NMR, static 7Li and 1H NMR, and spin‐lattice T1(7Li)/T1(1H) relaxation experiments. It is determined that only Li+ contributes to long‐range ion transport, while H+ dynamics is constrained to an incomplete isotropic rotation of the OH group. The results uncover detailed mechanistic understanding of the ion transport in Li2OHCl. It is shown that two distinct phases of ionic motions appear at low and elevated temperatures, and that the rotation of the OH group controls Li+ and H+ dynamics in both phases. The model based on the NMR experiments is fully consistent with crystallographic information, ionic conductivity measurements, and Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamic simulations.
3D Vertically Aligned Li Metal Anodes with Ultrahigh Cycling Currents and Capacities of 10 mA cm−2/20 mAh cm−2 Realized by Selective Nucleation within Microchannel Walls
Authors: Gao Xuejie , Yang Xiaofei , Adair Keegan , Li Xiaona , Liang Jianwen , Sun Qian , Zhao Yang , Li Ruing , Sham Tsun‐Kong , Sun Xueliang
Published: January 2020

Although metallic lithium is regarded as the “Holy Grail” for next‐generation rechargeable batteries due to its high theoretical capacity and low overpotential, the uncontrollable Li dendrite growth, especially under high current densities and deep plating/striping, has inhibited its practical application. Herein, a 3D‐printed, vertically aligned Li anode (3DP‐VALi) is shown to efficiently guide Li deposition via a “nucleation within microchannel walls” process, enabling a high‐performance, dendrite‐free Li anode. Moreover, the microchannels within the microwalls are beneficial for promoting fast Li+ diffusion, supplying large space for the accommodation of Li during the plating/stripping process. The high‐surface‐area 3D anode design enables high operating current densities and high areal capacities. As a result, the Li–Li symmetric cells using 3DP‐VALi demonstrate excellent electrochemical performances as high as 10 mA cm−2/10 mAh cm−2 for 1500 h and 5 mA cm−2/20 mAh cm−2 for 400 h, respectively. Additionally, the Li–S and Li–LiFePO4 cells using 3DP‐VALi anodes present excellent cycling stability up to 250 and 800 cycles at a rate of 1 C, respectively. It is believed that these new findings could open a new window for dendrite‐free metal anode design and pave the way toward energy storage devices with high energy/power density.
Selective steam reforming of n‐dodecane over stable subnanometric NiPt clusters encapsulated in Silicalite‐1 zeolite
Authors: Zhang Bofeng , Tian Yajie , Chen Dali , Li Ling , Li Guozhu , Wang Li , Zhang Xiangwen , Liu Guozhu
Published: January 2020

Multimetallic nanocatalysts have attracted increasing attention for steam reforming owing to highly exposed active sites, but often suffering from severe sintering. Herein, we design subnanometric Ni‐Pt bimetal clusters (ca. 1.7 nm) encapsulated in Silicalite‐1 zeolite (2Ni0.5Pt@S‐1) through ligand‐stabilized method to prevent sintering by fixing the metal into microporous channels. In the steam reforming of n‐dodecane test, 2Ni0.5Pt@S‐1 gave an excellent activity and stability with a decrease of conversion only 4% at 600°C for 4 hr, which was about a quarter that of 2Ni0.5Pt/S‐1 synthesized by co‐impregnation method, ascribing to superior sinter‐resistance of encapsulation structure. Moreover, 2Ni0.5Pt@S‐1 exhibited a higher H2 selectivity up to 69.9% than that of 2Ni0.5Pt/S‐1 (64.4%), owing to suppressed methanation reaction based on subnanometric clusters. Shape‐selective steam reforming of n‐dodecane and ofm‐xylene was also observed, because of m‐xylene could hardly diffuse into the zeolite channels due to its bulky molecular size, further preventing potential deactivation by tars in reforming process.
3D Assembly of Graphene Nanomaterials for Advanced Electronics
Authors: Le Ferrand Hortense , Chabi Sakineh , Agarwala Shweta
Published: January 2020

Since the discovery of electricity and the creation of the first transistors two centuries ago, the field of electronics has evolved rapidly to become omnipresent. Today, electronic devices are challenged by new demands in function and performance: they are expected to be lightweight, highly efficient, flexible, smart, implantable, and so on. To meet these demands, the materials and components in devices need to be carefully selected and assembled together. In this regard, the controlled assembly of 3D graphene structures holds tremendous potential to achieve such levels of multifunctionality and outstanding properties. Advanced processing approaches, such as 3D printing, allow the fabrication of a variety of 3D graphene–based materials that present outstanding properties and a high degree of multifunctionality. Herein, the recent progress in the fabrication of graphene‐based devices for advanced electronics using controlled assembly is reported. The benefits of controlling the microstructure of graphene nanomaterials for enhanced properties and functionalities are highlighted, and the various fabrication methods and their implications on the organization of materials are reviewed, as well as selected electrical devices. The approaches described here are opening up new avenues for the fabrication of health or structural monitoring devices, autonomous machines, and interconnected objects.
Kontinuierliche Extraktion benachbarter Metalle im Durchstrombetrieb – ein disruptiver ökonomischer Ansatz zur In‐situ‐Rohstoffgewinnung auf Asteroiden?
Authors: Hessel Volker , Tran Nam Nghiep , Orandi Sanaz , Asrami Mahdieh Razi , Goodsite Michael , Nguyen Hung
Published: January 2020

Um eine In‐situ‐Rohstoffgewinnung (ISRU) auf Asteroiden zu realisieren, muss zunächst das Gewichts/Kosten‐Problem gelöst werden. Dafür wird es nötig sein, von Grund auf neue Technologien zu entwickeln. Basierend auf diesem Ansatz diskutiert dieser Aufsatz, inwiefern chemische Prozessintensivierung bei der Entwicklung disruptiver Technologien und Geschäftsmodelle im Bereich der ISRU helfen kann und inwiefern hiervon auch bestehende “Erd”‐Industrien und Raumfahrt‐Start‐Ups profitieren können. Die betrachtete disruptive Technologie ist die kontinuierliche Lösungsmittel‐basierte Mikroflow‐Extraktion, und als weiteres disruptives Element wird die Verwendung ionischer Flüssigkeiten diskutiert. Bei der untersuchten Weltraumtechnologie handelt es sich um den zukünftigen Asteroidenbergbau, und der Fokus liegt auf dem finalen Schritt: der Aufreinigung der abgebauten und ausgelaugten Metallmischung. Der ökonomische Schlüsselschritt wird definiert als die Reduktion der Menge des beim Asteroidenbergbau verwendeten Wassers. Dieser Aufsatz diskutiert die Effizienz und den Umfang möglicher Wege zur Wassereinsparung bis hin zum technologischen Limit der aktuell effizientesten Erd‐basierten Prozessintensivierungen in diesem Bereich und deren physikalische Limitierungen.
Low‐Fouling Fluoropolymers for Bioconjugation and In Vivo Tracking
Authors: Fu Changkui , Demir Baris , Alcantara Sheilajen , Kumar Vinod , Han Felicity , Kelly Hannah G. , Tan Xiao , Yu Ye , Xu Weizhi , Zhao Jiacheng , Zhang Cheng , Peng Hui , Boyer Cyrille , Woodruff Trent M. , Kent Stephen J. , Searles Debra J. , Whittaker Andrew K.
Published: January 2020

The conjugation of hydrophilic low‐fouling polymers to therapeutic molecules and particles is an effective approach to improving their aqueous stability, solubility, and pharmacokinetics. Recent concerns over the immunogenicity of poly(ethylene glycol) has highlighted the importance of identifying alternative low fouling polymers. Now, a new class of synthetic water‐soluble homo‐fluoropolymers are reported with a sulfoxide side‐chain structure. The incorporation of fluorine enables direct imaging of the homopolymer by 19F MRI, negating the need for additional synthetic steps to attach an imaging moiety. These self‐reporting fluoropolymers show outstanding imaging sensitivity and remarkable hydrophilicity, and as such are a new class of low‐fouling polymer for bioconjugation and in vivo tracking.
Macrocyclic Cr3+, Mn2+ and Fe3+ complexes of a mimic SOD moiety: Design, structural aspects, DFT, XRD, optical properties and biological activity
Authors: El‐Gammal O.A. , El‐Brashy S.A. , Abu El‐Reash G.M.
Published: January 2020

A novel SOD‐like macrocycle “H2DPD” and its trivalent chromium, iron and divalent manganese complexes have been isolated and characterized using the conventional tools. The macrocycle was prepared by 2:2 condensation of P‐phenylenediamine with 5,5‐dimethyl1,3‐cyclohexanedione. IR and electronic spectral data suggested that H2DPD coordinates to the metal ion as N4 tetradentate donor with two Cl− occupying the remaining two sites of the distorted octahedron. XRD spectrum of Cr3+ complex indicated that the complex crystallizes in a face‐centered monoclinic structure with lattice parameters: a = 10.9380 Å; b = 12.4870 Å; c = 12.4600 Å, α = γ = 90° and β = 111.430 with space group P 1 21/c 1 (14). The energy gap (EHOMO‐ELUMO), molecular electrostatic potential map (EPM) of title compounds, bond length, bond angle, as well as global and local reactivity were estimated using DFT method. The Eg values obtained from electronic spectra of Cr3+, Mn2+ and Fe3+ complexes were found to be 1.284, 1.220 and 1.138 eV, respectively which are in accordance with those evaluated by DFT revealing semiconductor nature. Also, the thermal degradation of all title compounds was carried out and the kinetic parameters were evaluated using Coats‐Redfern and Horowitz‐Metzger equations. Moreover, the compounds have screened for antibacterial as well as superoxide mimic activities. Cr3+ complex exhibited the most significant potent activity against all bacterial strains. With respect to SOD‐like activity, the macrocycle showed the most remarkable SOD‐like activity comparable to the standard drug, ascorbic acid.
Nicotinic acid‐supported cobalt ferrite‐catalyzed one‐pot synthesis of substituted chromeno[3,4‐b]quinolines
Authors: Foroughi Kaldareh Mahdiye , Mokhtary Masoud , Nikpassand Mohammad
Published: January 2020

One‐pot synthesis of substituted chromeno[3,4‐b]quinoline derivatives was developed by three‐component reaction of aldehydes, dimedone or 1,3‐cyclohexadione, and 4‐aminocoumarin in the presence of nicotinic acid‐supported cobalt ferrite [CoFe2O4@SiO2@Si(CH2)3Cl@NA] as a novel magnetic catalyst in chloroform at reflux conditions. Nicotinic acid‐supported cobalt ferrite was characterized via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry. Moreover, the catalyst could be easily recovered by magnetic separation and recycled up to five times without significant loss of its catalytic activity. The products formed in excellent yields over appropriate reaction times under environmentally friendly conditions. High efficiency and easy isolation of the catalyst from products by simple magnetic attraction are some of the considerable advantages of this procedure.
Adaptive finite time high‐order sliding mode observer for non‐linear fractional order systems with unknown input
Authors: Fanaee Navid
Published: January 2020

In the present study, the concept of homogeneity is extended for fractional‐order systems by applying Caputo's derivative definition. Then, a fractional‐order high‐order sliding mode observer is proposed for a class of nonlinear fractional‐order single input–output systems. The asymptotic stability of the observer is analyzed and its finite‐time stability is derived through homogeneity property followed by obtaining a bound for its convergence time. To improve performance and reduce the chattering phenomenon, a tuning rule is presented through Lyapunov stability criterion using finite dimensional approximation of diffusive representation of the system. Finally the efficiency of the proposed method is investigated through two simulation examples.
Electric Double‐Layer Capacitors Based on Non‐Aqueous Electrolytes: A Comparative Study of Potassium and Quaternary Ammonium Salts
Authors: Uchida Satoshi , Masese Titus
Published: January 2020

Immense attention has been drawn towards electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) as a viable intermittent energy storage solution, owing to their ultra‐fast charge/discharge rates and long cycle life. However, the high activation energy of ionic conductivity innate in conventional aprotic organic electrolytes has greatly impeded the feasibility of high‐performance EDLCs. Herein, we investigate and compare the physicochemical properties and performance of electrolytes based on potassium hexafluorophosphate (KPF6) and commercial triethylmethy‐lammonium tetra‐fluoroborate (TEMABF4) salts in EDLCs. Compared to commercial TEMABF4‐based electrolytes, KPF6 salt‐based electrolytes (in acetonitrile solvent) demonstrate outstanding rate performance. The KPF6 salt‐based electrolyte further manifests lower ionic resistance within activated carbon pores as well as lower interfacial resistance between electrode and electrolyte; an affirmation of not the high ionic conductivity but rather the eminence of low activation energy. The low activation energy can be attributed to the low effective nuclear charge of the K+ cations that allow anions to transverse easily in solvent state. This study not only underpins potassium‐ion (K+) as a fast charge carrier, but also a viable solution for the next‐generation non‐aqueous power devices relying on monovalent alkali cations.
Konsequenzen aus den Anforderungen der WU‐Richtlinie für Elementwände
Authors: Schulz Rolf‐Rainer , Kahmer Herbert
Published: January 2020

Die neue DAfStb‐Richtlinie für Wasserundurchlässige Bauwerke aus Beton (WU‐Richtlinie) fordert für Betonfertigteile mit Ortbetonergänzung eine vollflächige kornraue Oberfläche und den Nachweis einer mittleren Rautiefe von nunmehr 1,5 mm statt bisher 0,9 mm. Dies gilt demnach auch für den Bereich der Gitterträger, was sowohl herstellungstechnisch als auch messtechnisch eine besondere Herausforderung darstellt. Bei Elementwänden muss im Rahmen der Erstprüfung sogar an den Innenoberflächen beider Fertigteilschalen geprüft werden. In der laufenden Produktion und auf der Baustelle genügen normalerweise eine Sichtprüfung und der Vergleich mit einer Referenzplatte. In Zweifelsfällen ist jedoch mit dem Sandflächenverfahren oder mit lasergebundenen Verfahren zu prüfen. Die Richtlinie lässt allerdings offen, wie dies in der Praxis umzusetzen ist. Deshalb ist es das Ziel dieses Beitrags, Lösungsmöglichkeiten aufzuzeigen.
Orientin Protects Podocytes from High Glucose Induced Apoptosis through Mitophagy
Authors: Kong Zi‐Li , Che Kui , Hu Jian‐Xia , Chen Ying , Wang Yun‐Yang , Wang Xiang , Lü Wen‐Shan , Wang Yan‐Gang , Chi Jing‐Wei
Published: January 2020

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the serious complications of diabetes mellitus. Orientin, a major bioactive constituent of Fenugreek, has been reported to possess antihyperglycemic properties. However, its effects on DN remain unclear. Therefore, we explored the protective effect of orientin on podocytes. Here, we assessed cell viability and toxicity, level of autophagy, mitochondrial morphological changes, and podocyte apoptosis. The results indicated that high glucose (HG) induced podocyte apoptosis as well as mitochondrial injury can be partially blocked by orientin. The results showed that orientin could repair autophagy disorder induced by HG, while 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA) reversed the protection of orientin. Our study demonstrated the possibility of treating DN with orientin.