bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Grain characteristics of tephra from the subglacial SILK-LN Katla eruption ~3400 years ago and the subaerial Hekla eruption in 1947
Authors: Þorsteinsdóttir Edda Sóley , Guðmundsdóttir Esther R. , Larsen Guðrún
Published: February 2023

Chemical composition of the tephra from the Katla and Hekla volcanoes is similar but the eruption environment is quite different, the Katla volcano is ice-covered whereas the Hekla volcano is ice-free. The ∼3400 years old Katla SILK-LN and the Hekla 1947 tephra layers were studied with respect to spatial and temporal changes in grain size and their grain characteristics with main focus on the finer fraction of the tephra grains. The results show obvious difference both in mean grain size and the fraction of finest particles from the two volcanoes. The Hekla 1947 tephra has significantly higher mean grain size and much lower content of material finer than ≤4 Φ (0.063 mm). The grains from the Katla tephra are elongated and are even needle shaped, but the grains from the Hekla tephra are more equant. The silicic Katla eruptions produce greater quantities of ash ≤4 Φ than Hekla eruptions with similar magma composition and are therefore more likely to affect the human environment, including health of people and aviation.
Marine climate variability from Arnarfjörður, NW Iceland, during the Medieval Warm period and early/middle Little Ice Age
Authors: Jónsdóttir Ingibjörg Rósa , Ólafsdóttir Sædís , Geirsdóttir Áslaug
Published: February 2023

A high-resolution sedimentary record from the subarctic fjord Arnarfjörður in northwestern Iceland provides information on local changes in sea ice cover and a regional oceanographic climatic signal reflecting changes in the position of the Polar Front that separates the North Atlantic Current and the East Greenland Current. The 520 cm long sediment core spans approximately 2000 years and thus offers a multi-decadal time resolution during the Medieval Warm Period (MWP) and the early to middle part of the Little Ice Age (LIA). Approximately 150 years from the top of the core were lost during coring. The marine climate reconstruction is based on multi-proxy study with focus on benthic foraminiferal fauna allowing down-core bottom water temperature (BWT_{TF}) estimations based on the statistical transfer function approach. This first of the kind study from Arnarfjörður demonstrates significant variability in the benthic foraminiferal fauna dominated by Cibicides lobatulus, Cassidulina reniforme and Elphidium excavatum, BWT_{TF} variations of ∼3°C, fluctuating from ca. 1.5±1.1 °C to 4.5±0.6 °C. The data is in harmony with previously reported LIA characteristics from the region, which has been described as a period of high amplitude fluctuations, with non-stable conditions and cold bottom waters.
The subglacial topography of Drangajökull ice cap, NW-Iceland, deduced from dense RES-profiling
Authors: Magnússon Eyjólfur , Belart Joaquín M.C. , Pálsson Finnur , Anderson Leif S. , Gunnlaugsson Ágúst Þ. , Berthier Etienne , Ágústsson Hálfdán , Geirsdóttir Áslaug
Published: February 2023

Systematic mapping of the bedrock beneath the Icelandic ice caps began in 1980. We continue this effort by presenting a detailed bedrock digital elevation model (DEM) of Drangajökull ice cap in NW-Iceland, surveyed using radio echo sounding (RES) in March 2014. About 590 km of RES profiles, generally with 200–300 m spacing, were surveyed. This is to date the densest set of RES profiles measured on an Icelandic ice cap. We describe the processing of the radar profiles and construction of the bedrock DEM. We also analyse possible errors of surveyed glacier thickness along the profiles and discuss the accuracy of the final bedrock DEM. The bedrock DEM reveals topography with the same general character as other areas of NW-Iceland (Vestfirðir). The new bedrock DEM and a series of surface DEMs allow estimates of total ice cap volume and relative volume change since the mid-20th century. The bedrock data combined with the most accurate available surface DEM of Drangajökull, from July 2011, reveals a total ice cap volume of 15.4±0.4 km³, of which ∼71\% was stored on the west side of the ice cap. At that time the average thickness of Drangajökull was 107±3 m and the maximum observed thickness, found on Kaldalónsjökull outlet glacier, was 284±14 m. In 1946–2014, the total ice cap volume (in autumn) was reduced from ∼18 km³ to ∼15 km³. Approximately half of this volume was lost in 1994–2011. We describe and discuss several interesting phenomena revealed by the RES data and the derived bedrock DEM. The presented bedrock data also helps to explain curious surface features in the accumulation area of NE-Drangajökull.
Jöklabreytingar (Glacier variations) 1930–1970, 1970–1995, 1995–2014 og 2014–2015
Authors: Einarsson Bergur
Published: February 2023

Upplýsingar bárust frá 36 sporðamælistöðum haustið 2015. Mæling náðist ekki á 9 stöðum. Á óvenju mörgum stöðum, eða alls 8, huldi snjór jökulsporðinn þetta haustið, eftir snjóþungann vetur og kalt sumar. Við vestanverðan Skeiðarárjökul var ekki hægt að komast að sporðinum vegna breytinga á farvegi Súlu, sem nú hefur fært sig yfir í Gígjukvísl í stað þess að sameinast Núpsvötnum líkt og áður. Af þeim 27 stöðum þar sem mæling náðist hopa 18 en 6 ganga fram. Svínafellsjökull stendur svo í stað á öðrum af tveimur mælistöðum. Af nýlegum upplýsingum frá haustinu 2016 má ætla að mælingar haustið 2015 við Heinabergsjökul séu ómarktækar vegna þess að ístunga er á floti í lóni framan við jökulinn og brotin frá skriðjöklinum sjálfum. Mögulega hafa aðstæður við Heinabergsjökul verið þær sömu undanfarin ár og að þar með sé komin skýring á miklum sveiflum í mældri stöðu sporðsins.
A peculiar cluster of microearthquakes on the eastern flank of Katla volcano, southern Iceland
Authors: Jeddi Zeinab , Sgattoni Giulia , Guðmundsson Ólafur , Tryggvason Ari , Lund Björn
Published: February 2023

A peculiar cluster of seismicity near the tip of Sandfellsjökull on the eastern flank of Katla volcano in southern Iceland has been analyzed in detail using data from a temporary seismic network. A total of 300 events were detected between July 2011 and August 2013, most of them from a swarm between December 4th and 12th, 2011. The sparser permanent network detected a small fraction of these events, but also a larger swarm in November 2010. When seismic activity started in this area is uncertain because of changes in the detection capability of the network over time. The events are of low magnitude (–0.5 < $M_L$ < 0.5) and the b-value of their magnitude distribution is high (1.6±0.1). Based on their frequency content (4–25 Hz) and clear P and S arrivals, the events are classified as volcano–tectonic. Two multiplets probably with different source mechanism are identified in their population. The events locate at approximately 3.5 km depth. Most of them are tightly clustered according to double difference relative locations in a volume that is only about 400 m in diameter in all directions. Several events are scattered up to 800 m beneath this volume. There is some suggestion of elongate structure in the cluster with a NNE/SSW strike and a dip of 60 degrees. We argue that these events cannot be due to a glacial or a broad tectonic process. Possibly, a localized source of fluid pressure, e.g., a small magma body at depth may be the source of these events.
Geochemistry and petrology of Holocene lavas in the Bárðardalur region, N-Iceland. Part I: Geochemical constraints on source provenance
Authors: Sigvaldadóttir Sigríður Inga , Halldórsson Sæmundur Ari , Guðfinnsson Guðmundur Heiðar
Published: February 2023

Because of extensive volcanic production in Iceland during the Holocene, many of the early postglacial large-volume fissure lavas cannot be unambiguously traced to their eruptive craters solely by observations in the field. For example, the Bárðarbunga volcanic system has been suggested as a likely source of the large Holocene lava flows found in Bárðardalur valley, but this idea mainly relies on petrographic observations. We conducted a chemical and isotopic study of the lavas in Bárðardalur. For comparative purposes, we also targeted basement rocks of the Bárðarbunga central volcano, as well as several eruptive units in the region north of Vatnajökull. Based on a comparison of chemical and radiogenic isotope data of lavas from the Bárðardalur region and the eruptive units north of Vatnajökull and the Bárðarbunga central volcano, it appears most likely that the lavas of Bárðardalur valley belong to the Bárðarbunga volcanic system. These new data, and a compiled dataset for other selected volcanic systems of the NRZ, shed light on possible limitations when assigning erupted material to its source volcano by means of chemical composition. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that our understanding of the relative importance of the different processes at play during the petrogenesis of Icelandic basalts is likely to be greatly improved by multi-parameter datasets for geologically well-characterized eruptive units.
Jöklabreytingar skoðaðar með gömlum ljósmyndum (surveying glacier retreat based on old photographs)
Authors: Guðmundsson Snævarr , Björnsson Helgi
Published: February 2023

Hér eru kynntar gamlar ljósmyndir af jöklum á Suðausturlandi. Elstu myndirnar eru frá því um aldamótin 1900 en aðrar frá fjórða áratug 20. aldar. Var farið á nokkra staði til að taka myndir að nýju frá sama sjónarhorni og fyrirmyndirnar. Það var gert til þess að greina jöklabreytingar sem orðið hafa og geta einnig metið með tölum stöðu jöklanna á tilteknum tímum.
Jöklabreytingar (Glacier variations) 1930–1970, 1970–1995, 1995–2016 og 2015–2016
Authors: Einarsson Bergur
Published: February 2023

Upplýsingar bárust frá 35 sporðamælistöðum haustið 2016. Þar af mælist hop á 21 stað en framgangur á 5 stöðum. Einn jökuljaðar stendur í stað. Mæling náðist ekki á 8 stöðum vegna snjóskafla við jaðar, veðurs eða fljótandi jaka á lóni framan við jökulinn.
The value of satellite retrieved snow cover images to assess water resources and the hydropower potential of ungauged mountain areas
Authors: Finger David
Published: February 2023

The estimation of water resources in ungauged areas is of major importance to develop adequate and sustainable water management strategies. Hydrological modelling can provide a powerful tool to assimilate hydro-meteorological data and estimate the total amount of water available from ungauged areas. Satellite images provide important information on the snow cover area in inaccessible mountain areas. The Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning model (HBV) was used to estimate the total amount of snow, ice and rainfall runoff in two ungauged areas in north-eastern Iceland (Leirdalshraun, a 274 km² area above 595 m a.s.l. and Heljardalsfjöll, a 946 km² area above 235 m a.s.l.) that could potentially be used for hydropower production. The model parameters were determined using a multiple dataset calibration (MDC) relying on one year of satellite derived snow cover images and discharge data of gauged sub-catchments. Runoff from the ungauged area potentially used for hydropower exploitation was estimated using the parameter sets of the gauged sub-catchments. Snow cover in the ungauged areas as well as discharge in the gauged sub-catchments were validated over a 10 year validation period, revealing a robust simulation of snow melt in the entire area. The total amount of snow-melt, ice-melt and rainfall runoff available in Leirdalshraun and Heljardalsfjöll amounts up to ∼690 M m³ a$^{−1}$ and ∼1190 M m³ a$^{−1}$ , respectively. The theoretical potential energy of these water resources would account for up to 1.9 TWh a$^{−1}$, a tremendous hydropower potential if the water could be collected in respective reservoirs and be deviated to turbines at sea-level. While the results are only valid for the specific case study, the modelling approach can be applied to any remote mountain area dominated by snow melt runoff.
Magma degassing in the effusive-explosive subglacial rhyolitic eruption of Dalakvísl, Torfajökull, Iceland: insights into quenching pressures, palaeo-ice thickness, and edifice erosion
Authors: Owen Jacqueline , Tuffen Hugh , McGarvie Dave
Published: February 2023

Dissolved volatile contents preserved in the matrix glass of subglacially erupted rocks offer important insights into quenching pressures. With careful interpretation, these data may yield information on eruption conditions. In this paper we present detailed edifice and glacier reconstructions for explosive and effusive subglacial rhyolitic deposits at Dalakvísl, Torfajökull, Iceland. When grouped by lithofacies, Dalakvísl glasses display trends of decreasing H2O with elevation, consistent with a subglacial setting. A number of solubility pressure curves (SPCs) have been used to model these quenching pressure–elevation trends in order to reconstruct the loading conditions. Effusively erupted glasses (e.g. lava lobes) have higher dissolved water contents than the more explosively produced material (e.g. obsidian sheets), indicating a systematic difference in subglacial pressure and/or degassing behaviour. Best model fits to data are achieved when loading is by a combination of erupted deposits (with a flat-topped morphology) and ice/meltwater. Our best estimate for the original edifice summit elevation is ∼810 m a.s.l., similar to its current elevation; however, as the edifice is now more conical this indicates significant post-eruptive erosion around the margins of the edifice. We propose that during the initial stages of the eruption, meltwater could not escape, thus maintaining high subglacial pressure under which effusive lava bodies were produced intrusively. Our best estimate is that the original palaeo-ice surface was ∼1,020 m a.s.l., suggesting a syn-eruptive glacier thickness of ∼350 m, assuming a similar base level to today (∼670 m a.s.l.). A sudden release of meltwater then led to a pressure drop, driving a transition to more explosive activity with an ice surface over the vent closer to 880 m a.s.l. This study demonstrates the uses of dissolved volatile contents in reconstructing past environments and shows how eruption dynamics can be tracked over the timeline of a pre-historic eruption, offering valuable insight into the complex coupling between pressure and the mechanisms of subglacial eruptions.
Jöklabreytingar (Glacier variations) 1930–1970, 1970–1995, 1995–2016 og 2016–2017
Authors: Einarsson Bergur
Published: February 2023

Upplýsingar bárust frá 33 sporðamælistöðum haustið 2017. Þar af mælist hop á 24 stöðum en framgangur á 4 stöðum. Mæling náðist ekki á 5 stöðum vegna snjóskafla við jaðar eða fljótandi jaka á lóni framan við jökulinn. Einn nýr mælistaður bættist við með mælingum við austanverðan Tindfjallajökul.
Emmýjarhnjúkur hann skal heita
Authors: Guttormsson Hjörleifur
Published: February 2023

Sumarið 1970 komst ég fyrst að Snæfelli, sem blasað hafði við mér í fjarska frá æskuárum mínum á Hallormsstað með Nálhúshnjúka sér við hlið. Ég slóst í fylgd með vöskum hópi undir merki nýstofnaðs Ferðafélags Fljótsdalshéraðs, sem hélt frá Egilsstöðum og upp úr Hrafnkelsdal, viku af ágúst, með efni í ferðamannaskála og reisti hann þar sem nú stendur Snæfellsskáli vestan undir fjallinu. Þaðan hélt ég á jeppa inn með Þjófahnjúkum suður á Háöldu og gekk þaðan yfir Eyjabakkajökul austur á Hraun til gróðurathugana (Hjörleifur Guttormsson, 2016) Fimm árum síðar, í ágúst 1975, lá leiðin fótgangandi við þriðja mann frá Snæfellsskála austur um Þjófadali að Hálskofa austan undir Snæfelli til rannsókna á Eyjabakkasvæðinu. ...
Að fóstra jökul (Fostering glacier termini)
Authors: Hannesdóttir Hrafnhildur , Sigurðsson Oddur , Einarsson Bergur , Guðmundsson Snævarr
Published: February 2023

Stiklað er á stóru í sögu sporðamælinga á Íslandi og greint frá aðferðum og vöktun sem sjálfboðaliðar Jöklarannsóknafélags Íslands sinna. Mælingar á breytingum jökulsporða hófust árið 1930, þegar Jón Eyþórsson veðurfræðingur hóf kerfisbundnar mælingar. Fékk hann í lið með sér ábúendur í grennd jöklanna, oftast bændur, til þess að annast mælingarnar en í seinni tíð sinnir fer fólk úr öllum starfsstéttum til mælinga. Sumir jöklanna hafa verið vaktaðir í 90 ár og því eru til einstakar tímaraðir sporðabreytinga. Mælingarnar sýna skýr tengsl veðurfars- og jöklabreytinga en þessar tímaraðir geyma einnig upplýsingar um framhlaup margra jökla.
Jöklabreytingar (Glacier variations) 1930–1970, 1970–1995, 1995–2018 og 2018–2019
Authors: Hannesdóttir Hrafnhildur
Published: February 2023

Alls hafa borist upplýsingar frá tæplega 50 sporðamælingastöðum sem vitjað var um á haustmánuðum 2019. Flestir jökulsporðar hopa, en í nokkrum tilvikum gefa mælingar með fjarlægðarkíki og samanburður á gervitunglamyndum vísbendingar um að jöklar séu að ganga lítillega fram. Margir mælingamenn taka eftir því að sporðarnir eru að þynnast. Haustið 2019 var mjög hentugt til sporðamælinga eftir hlýtt sumar, þar sem snjó hafði víða tekið upp og jökuljaðrar greinilegir.
Um farvegi Jökulsár á Breiðamerkursandi á síðustu öldum (Channels of the glacial river Jökulsá á Breiðamerkursandi)
Authors: Björnsson Snævarr Guðmundsson og Helgi
Published: February 2023

Jökulsá á Breiðamerkursandi er á meðal vatnsmestu vatnsfalla á Íslandi. Á meðan sandar á Suðausturlandi voru einungis reiðfærir og stórvötn öll óbrúuð, þótti Jökulsá á meðal illfærustu straumvatna landsins. Áður en áin gróf sig í stöðugan stokk á fjórða áratug 20. aldar átti hún til að flæmast um á sandinum, ýmist í mörgum álum eða falla fram í fáum straummiklum kvíslum. Sumir hinna gömlu farvega sjást enn báðum megin við núverandi farveg Jökulsár. Með nákvæmum kortum af Breiðamerkursandi má rekja legu þeirra víða um sandinn og út frá rituðum heimildum hvenær áin rann í þeim. Í þessari grein drögum við saman þennan fróðleik um farvegi Jökulsár á Breiðamerkursandi og kynnum kort sem sýnir hvar áin rann á ýmsum tímum á 19. og 20. öld.
Leó Kristjánsson – in memorian
Authors: Brown Maxwell , Brandsdóttir Bryndís
Published: February 2023

Our friend and colleague, Leó Kristjánsson passed away on Friday 13th March. He was 76 years old. Leó had been fighting myelofibrosis (an uncommon type of bone marrow cancer) for the past two years. With a suppressed immune system, an infection led to his death. Leó pioneered research on the palaeomagnetism of the basaltic lava sequences of Iceland and the surrounding region, with applications to stratigraphy and the analysis of directions and NRMs in terms of variations in the geomagnetic field over the past 15 million years. For his contribution to this field he was elected an AGU fellow in 2002. ...
Þorlákur Sverrisson og Kötlumyndir hans (The Katla 1918 photographs)
Authors: Einarsson Eiríkur Þ.
Published: February 2023

Afi minn, Þorlákur Sverrisson var fæddur í Klauf í Meðallandi 3. apríl 1875. Hann lést í Vestmannaeyjum 9. ágúst 1943. Þorlákur var kvæntur Sigríði Jónsdóttur í Skálmarbæ í Álftaveri og bjuggu þau þar frá 1902 til 1911, en þá fluttu þau til Víkur í Mýrdal og bjuggu þar til ársins 1925. Börn Sigríðar og Þorláks voru Sigríður Guðrún, f. 13. apríl 1902, Óskar Jón, f. 5. nóvember 1906 og Guðrún f. 20. september 1920 en hún var móðir mín. Þau eru nú öll látin. Veturinn 1913–1914 dvaldi Þorlákur í Reykjavík og nam ljósmyndafræði hjá Magnúsi Ólafssyni, ljósmyndara. Stundaði hann myndatökur um skeið í Vík. Eftir að hann flutti til Vestmannaeyja hætti hann fljótlega myndatökum. ...
Age-specific morphophynctional features of pancreatic endocrine apparatus in rats
Authors: Среднева Л.А. , Клюева Ю.Н. , Гетте И.Ф. , Емельянов В.В. , Соколова К.В. , Данилова И.Г.
Published: February 2023

Дисфункции эндокринных органов играют первоочередную роль в нарушении регуляции нормальной жизнедеятельности стареющего организма. В работе исследованы возрастзависимые морфофункциональные изменения островкового аппарата поджелудочной железы крыс. С возрастом у животных усиливался фиброз как панкреатических островков, так и экзокринной части органа. В условиях физиологического старения у крыс наблюдали нефункциональную гипертрофию островков преимущественно за счет разрастания в них соединительной ткани. Иммуногистохимическое и биохимическое исследования выявили истощение инсулинпродуцирующей функции островков, формирование гипергликемии, накопление в крови гликированных белков и изменение показателей оксидативного стресса у 24-месячных крыс.

Dysfunctions of endocrine organs play a priority role in the disruption of the regulation of normal functioning of the aging body. In the study age-related morphological and functional changes in the rat pancreatic insula apparatus have been investigated. With age fibrosis increased in both the pancreatic islets and exocrine pancreas. Non-functional hypertrophy of the islets, mainly due to the proliferation of connective tissue, was observed in rats under conditions of physiological aging. Immunohistochemical and biochemical studies revealed depletion of the islets insulin-producing function, development of hyperglycemia, accumulation of glycated proteins in the blood and change in oxidative stress indicators in 24-month-old rats.
Evaluation of the features of left ventricular contractility in elderly patients with high-risk hypertension
Authors: Осипова О.А. , Гостева Е.В. , Хачатуров А.Н. , Лыков Ю.А. , Иншакова К.Ю.
Published: February 2023

Исследования показали, что возникновение ишемического инсульта (ИИ) тесно связано с артериальной гипертензией (АГ). Цель исследования - изучение особенностей диастолической функции ЛЖ у пациентов пожилого возраста с АГ, перенесших ИИ. Были обследованы 68 пациентов пожилого возраста с АГ, перенесших ИИ, которые составили основную группу (1-я группа), и 65 пациентов среднего возраста с АГ, перенесших ИИ (2-я группа). Всем пациентам было проведено суточное мониторирование АД и эхо-КГ. Тест χ использовали для сравнения параметров диастолической функции ЛЖ между изучаемыми группами. Установлено, что лица пожилого возраста с АГ, перенесшие ИИ, чаще (Δ45,8 %, р<0,001) имели диастолическую дисфункцию 2-го типа (псевдонормальный тип) и при этом более высокие значения времени изоволюмического расслабления (χ²=19,146; р=0,048), систолическую скорость движения кольца митрального клапана (χ²=14,351; р=0,042) и более низкое соотношение пиковых скоростей трансмитрального потока Е/А (χ²=15,021; р=0,046), чем пациенты среднего возраста. Таким образом, результаты исследования показали выраженную диастолическую дисфункцию ЛЖ у пациентов пожилого возраста с АГ, перенесших ИИ.

Studies have shown that the occurrence of ischemic stroke (AI) is closely related to arterial hypertension (AH). The purpose of this study was to study the features left ventricular diastolic function in elderly patients with hypertension who have suffered an ischemic stroke. 68 elderly patients with hypertension who underwent AI, who made up the main group (1st group), 65 middle-aged patients with hypertension who underwent AI (2nd group), were examined. All patients underwent daily blood pressure monitoring and echocardiographic examination. The test χ2 was used to compare the parameters of LV diastolic function between the studied groups. It was found that elderly people with hypertension who underwent AI more often (Δ45,8 %, p<0,001) had type 2 diastolic dysfunction (pseudonormal type) and at the same time higher values of isovolumic relaxation time (χ2=19,146; p=0,048), the velocity of myocardial movement during late-diastolic contraction of the left atrium (χ2=14,351; p=0,042) and a lower ratio of peak transmittal flow rates E/A (χ2=15,021; p=0,046) than middle-aged patients. Thus, the results of the study showed pronounced LV diastolic dysfunction in elderly patients with hypertension who underwent AI.
Age features of heart rate variability in cosmonauts according to urine proteomics data
Authors: Пастушкова Л.Х. , Русанов В.Б. , Гончарова А.Г. , Носовский А.М. , Каширина Д.Н. , Киреев К.С. , Ларина И.М.
Published: February 2023

По мере удлинения срока эксплуатации Международной космической станции, в составе российских экипажей преобладают космонавты старше 40 лет, неоднократно совершавшие космические полеты и имеющие длительный стаж пребывания на станции. Для исследования возрастных особенностей вариабельности сердечного ритма проанализированы одновременно полученные данные протеомной композиции образцов мочи и показатели ЭКГ с последующим анализом вариабельности сердечного ритма (ВСР) у космонавтов в возрастной группе 46,5±3,4 года (n=12). Обследование проводили в периоде подготовки к очередному полету. Протеом мочи изучали методом масс-спектрометрии и анализировали биоинформатическими методами. ВСР оценивали программными методами анализа фрагментов ЭКГ. Впервые представлены данные, на основе протеомики, о возрастных особенностях ВСР у космонавтов, находящихся, согласно возрастной периодизации, в зрелом возрасте второго периода. Показано, что с возрастом изменяется концентрация муцина 1, коллагена VI типа и кадгерина 13, также наблюдали снижение ВСР. Отмечали увеличение симпатического влияния и прогрессивное уменьшение парасимпатического влияния.

As the life of the International Space Station (ISS) is lengthening, Russian crews are dominated by cosmonauts over 40 years of age who have repeatedly made a space flight (SF) and have a long stay on the ISS. In order to study the age-related features of the regulation of heart rate variability (HRV) in cosmonauts, based on proteomics data, we analyzed simultaneously the obtained data on the proteomic composition of urine samples and electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters, followed by an analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) in cosmonauts in the age group of 46,5±3,4 (n=12). The survey was carried out in the period of preparation for the next flight. The urine proteome was studied by mass spectrometry and analyzed by bioinformatic methods. Heart rate variability was assessed by software methods for analyzing ECG fragments. For the first time, data based on proteomics on the age-related features of the regulation of heart rate variability in cosmonauts are presented. According to age periodization, cosmonauts are in the middle age of the second period. The concentrations of mucin 1, type VI collagen, and cadherin 13 were shown to change with age. A decrease in HRV was also observed with increasing age. There was an increase in sympathetic influence and a progressive decrease in parasympathetic influence.
Factors Affecting the Life Satisfaction of the older adult: The Role of Place attachment
Authors: Borhaninejad V. , Alizadeh S. , Fadakar M.M. , Saber M.
Published: February 2023

В исследовании изучали связь между удовлетворенностью жизнью и привязанностью к месту у пожилых людей. В общей сложности 200 жителей города Кермана (Иран) ответили на вопросы об удовлетворенности жизнью и привязанности к месту. Данные были проанализированы с использованием χ2, дисперсионного анализа, корреляции и иерархического множественного регрессионного анализа с помощью программного обеспечения SPSS версии 18. Примерно 51,4 % испытуемых имели средний уровень удовлетворенности жизнью. Среднее значение удовлетворенности жизнью было значительно ниже у мужчин старше 80 лет, состоящих в браке, имеющих более трех хронических заболеваний и плохую самооценку здоровья. У большинства респондентов (56,6 %) был средний уровень привязанности к месту. Существует значительная корреляция удовлетворенности жизнью и привязанности к месту. На независимые переменные приходилось 34,2 % дисперсии удовлетворенности жизнью. Люди с более высокой привязанностью имели более высокий уровень удовлетворенности жизнью, чем люди с более низкой привязанностью к месту. Привязанность к месту является подходящей стратегией для повышения удовлетворенности жизнью в старости.

This study examined the association between life satisfaction and place attachment in the older adult. A total of 200 subjects of Kerman city, Iran, responded to questionnaires on life satisfaction and place attachment. The data were analyzed using chi-square, analysis of variance, correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis by the SPSS software version 18. Approximately 51,4 % of the subjects had intermediate life satisfaction. The Life satisfaction mean was significantly lower in subjects over 80 of the male gender, single marital status, with more than 3 chronic diseases and bad self-rated health. The majority of respondents had intermediate levels of place attachment (56,6 %). There was a significant correlation between life satisfaction and place attachment. Independent variables accounted for 34,2 % of the variance in life satisfaction. Individuals with higher attachment had higher levels of life satisfaction than those with lower place attachment. Place attachment is an appropriate strategy to increase life satisfaction in aging.
Differentiation of satisfaction with the quality of life of the older generation in Russia
Authors: Шибалков И.П. , Недоспасова О.П. , Павлова И.А. , Бойков В.А.
Published: February 2023

Проанализировано качество жизни старшего поколения в регионах России по следующим аспектам: удовлетворенность материальным положением, условиями и оплатой труда, возможностью путешествовать, удовлетворенность правовой защищенностью, уровнем уважения и доверия в обществе, удовлетворенность своим здоровьем и жизнью в целом. Анализ индикаторов качества жизни пожилых людей проведен в гендерном разрезе в трех возрастных группах: предпенсионный возраст, активный пенсионный возраст, нетрудоспособный пенсионный возраст. Выявлена значительная региональная дифференциация анализируемого явления. Подтверждена гипотеза о взаимосвязи анализируемых индикаторов с основными параметрами социально-экономического развития регионов России. Обоснованы ключевые индикаторы социально-экономического развития субъектов РФ, позволяющие выявить региональные «разрывы» в уровне и качестве жизни пожилых людей в нашей стране, проведена их статистическая оценка. Также выдвинуты предположения о причинах низкой удовлетворенности пожилых людей различными аспектами качества жизни, названы возможные последствия такой ситуации, в том числе с точки зрения их влияния на степень реализации ресурсного потенциала старшего поколения.

Satisfaction with the quality of life of the older generation in the regions of Russia was analyzed in the following aspects: satisfaction with the financial situation, conditions of labour and salary, the ability to travel, satisfaction with legal security, the level of respect and trust in society, satisfaction with one’s health and life in general. The analysis of indicators of the quality of life of older people was carried out by gender in three age groups: pre-retirement age, active retirement age, disabled retirement age. Significant regional differentiation of the analyzed phenomenon was revealed. The hypothesis about the relationship between the analyzed indicators and the main parameters of the socio-economic development of Russian regions is confirmed. The key indicators of the socio-economic development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are substantiated, which make it possible to identify regional gaps in the level and quality of life of older people in our country and to estimate them statistically. Some assumptions about the reasons for the low satisfaction of older people with various aspects of the quality of life were made, the possible consequences of such a situation were named, including from the point of view of their influence on the degree of realization of the resource potential of the older generation.
The elderly and the digital services of psychological counselling in modern Russia
Authors: Ломоносова М.В. , Бурдун С.А.
Published: February 2023

В статье приведены результаты социологического исследования процесса цифровизации психологической помощи в современной России. Сервисы психологической помощи, представленные в сети интернет и социальных сетях, активно развиваются в последние годы, тем не менее пожилые люди не рассматриваются руководителями и маркетологами цифровых сервисов психологической помощи как целевая аудитория. Основная причина этого - цифровое неравенство, неразрывно связанное с другими формами неравенства от территориального до экономического. Несмотря на то, что практически все функции цифровых сервисов психологической помощи затрагивают интересы, проблемы и потребности пожилых людей, компании и организации, оказывающие психологическую помощь посредством цифровых сервисов, не рассматривают эту группу как целевую. Результаты исследования могут послужить значимым ориентиром развития психологической помощи в части расширения её аудитории с учетом потребностей пожилых людей.

The article presents the results of a sociological study of the process of digitalization of psychological counselling in modern Russia. Digital psychological counselling services have been actively developing in recent years, however, the elderly are still not considered by managers and marketers of the services as their target audience. The digital divide plays a significant role in this exclusion, which is inextricably linked with other forms of inequality from geographic to economic. Despite the fact that almost all of the functions of digital psychological counselling services affect the interests and needs of the elderly, companies providing psychological assistance through digital technologies do not consider this group as a target group. The results of the study can serve as a guideline for the development of the psychological counselling industry in terms of expanding its audience and taking into account the needs of the elderly.
Aging loneliness: improving the quality of life of disabled wreda* residents
Authors: Pahlewi R.M. , Setyowati D.W.
Published: February 2023

Заключительный этап в жизни человека характеризуется множеством изменений, обычно называемых старением. Цель исследования - выявление, описание и анализ методов применения группового консультирования для улучшения качества жизни человека с инвалидностью в Комплексном реабилитационном центре для инвалидов. В исследовании использовали качественный описательный подход, исследовательскую процедуру, которая дает описательные данные о человеке или наблюдаемом поведении. Достоверность данных можно обеспечить с помощью триангуляции, которая направляет сбор данных из различных существующих источников. Основные результаты этого исследования показали, что методы наведения могут свести к минимуму последствия стресса и инвалидность, о чем свидетельствуют выражение лица после завершения действия, больше улыбок и энтузиазм в отношении следующего действия. Методы группового сопровождения улучшают качество жизни людей с инвалидностью в Комплексном реабилитационном центре для инвалидов. Ограничения в этом исследовании стали препятствием в проведении группового руководства, а именно настроение инвалидности со взлетами и падениями и разные желания каждого инвалида. Таким образом, необходимы дальнейшие исследования стратегий помощи.

The final process in human life has many changes, commonly referred to as wreda or the aging process. This study aims to find out, describe, and analyze techniques for applying group guidance to improve the quality of life of a person’s disability at the Integrated Rehabilitation Centre for Persons with Disabilities. The study uses a qualitative descriptive approach, a research procedure that produces descriptive data from the person or behavior observed. Data validity can be done by triangulation, which directs data collection from various existing sources. The main results of this study stated that guidance techniques could minimize stress wreda disability, evidenced by after completing the activity, facial expressions, more smiles, and enthusiasm in following the next activity. Group guidance techniques improve the quality of life of persons with disabilities at the Integrated Rehabilitation Centre for Persons with Disabilities. Limitations in this study became an obstacle in conducting group guidance, namely the mood of disability wreda ups and downs and different desires of each disability. Therefore, future studies on disability assistance and guidance mastery strategies are needed.
Stanford Longevity Laws
Authors: Жданов Р.И. , Созинов А.С. , Табиев И.И. , Хайруллин Р.Н.
Published: February 2023

В работе обобщены положения и выводы проспективного когортного исследования факторов долголетия - Стэнфордского исследования долголетия «детей Термена», проведенного Lewis Terman, а позднее - Howard Friedman и Lesli Martin в ХХ в. в Стэнфорде и Сан-Франциско (США). Оно стартовало 100 лет назад, в 1922 г. Выводы этого исследования сформулированы так: 1) люди с высокой личной организованностью живут дольше; 2) профессионально успешные люди живут в среднем на ~5 лет дольше; 3) занятия умеренно физической культурой/спортом способствуют более долгой жизни; 4) активность и высокая мотивированность в пожилом возрасте значительно продлевают жизнь; 5) в счастливом браке люди обычно живут дольше; 6) cексуальная удовлетворенность мужа и жены в браке предсказывает им долгую жизнь; 7) дети разведенных родителей живут в среднем на ~5 лет меньше детей в сохранившихся семьях. Предлагается называть выводы этого первого проспективного когортного исследования факторов долголетия, в котором были обследованы 1 528 детей в течение 80 лет, «Стэнфордскими законами долголетия».

The paper presents the statements and conclusions of the World first unique prospect cohort clinical study on longevity factors - «Genetic Studies of Genius», namely, the Stanford study of longevity of «the Termаn’s children», performed primarily by Dr. Lewis Terman, and later on by Drs. Howard Friedman and Lesli Martin at the Stanford University campus and in City-of-San-Francisco, USA. It was started a century (100) years ago, in 1922. The next statements on longevity were concluded from the study: 1) people («Terman’s children») with high personal organization live longer; 2) professionally successful people live, on average, ~5 years longer; 3) moderate physical activity and sports contribute to a longer life; 4) activity and high motivation in old age prolong significantly life; 5) people at happy marriages live longer; 6) the sexual satisfaction of husband and wife in a happy marriage predicts a long life for both of spouses; 7) children of divorced parents live, on average, ~5 years less than children in surviving families. It is suggested to call the conclusions of this world’s first clinical study on longevity, 1 528 children being involved, as «the Stanford LongevityLaws».
Optimization of trauma care to victims of older age groups with fractures of the proximal femur
Authors: Кучеев И.О. , Кабанов М.Ю. , Линник С.А. , Семенцов К.В. , Гуманенко Е.К. , Кондратьев И.П. , Цололо Я.Б. , Поликарпов А.В.
Published: February 2023

Цель исследования - улучшение исходов лечения пациентов старших возрастных групп с переломами проксимального отдела бедренной кости (ППОБК) путем разработки алгоритма оказания медицинской помощи с учетом характера перелома и коморбидного фона пациента. В статье изложены подходы к выбору тактики и техники помощи пострадавшим старших возрастных групп с ППОБК. В исследование вошли 4 491 пациент с ППОБК, проходивший лечение в Госпитале для ветеранов войн с 2010 по 2019 г. Все больные были разделены на две группы в зависимости от тактики применяемого лечения: 1-я - 2 082 больных, пролеченных в 2010-2014 гг. с применением традиционных подходов; 2-я - 2 409 человек, лечение которых осуществляли по разработанному алгоритму, учитывающему характер перелома и тяжесть коморбидной патологии. Результаты были оценены по шкале Лекена, а качество жизни - по шкале ВОЗ. В 1-й группе хорошие исходы были достигнуты через 1 год у 126 (10,5 %) пациентов, через 3 года - у 111 (9,1 %); во 2-й группе через 1 год были достигнуты отличные исходы у 103 (6 %), хорошие - у 960 (55,7 %), а через 3 года отличные исходы - у 87 (5,4 %), хорошие - у 843 (52,3 %). Таким образом, использование предложенного алгоритма оказания помощи пациентам с ППОБК позволяет достоверно (p<0,001) улучшить исходы лечения этой категории пострадавших.

The objective of the study was to improve the treatment outcome of patients of older age groups with fractures of the proximal femur by developing an algorithm for providing medical care while taking into account the nature of a fracture and the comorbid background of a patient. The article describes approaches to the choice of tactics and techniques of medical assistance to patients of older age groups with fractures of the proximal femur. 4 491 patients with fractures of the proximal femur who had been treated at the Hospital for War Veterans in Saint Petersburg from 2010 to 2019 were included for analysis. All the patients were divided into two groups depending on the tactics of the treatment used. Group 1 (2 082 patients) were treated in 2010-2014 using traditional methods. Group 2 (2 409 patients) were treated according to the developed algorithm while taking into account the nature of a fracture and the severity of comorbid pathology. The results were evaluated by the Leken’s functional index, and the quality of life was assessed by WHO scale. In patients of the 1st group, good outcomes were achieved after a year in 126 (10,5 %), after 3 years in 111 (9,1 %), while in the second group after a year, excellent outcomes were achieved in 103 (6 %) cases, good in 960 (55,7 %), and after 3 years excellent in 87 (5,4 %), good in 843 (52,3 %). Thus, the use of the proposed algorithm for providing care to patients with fractures of the proximal femur significantly (p<0,001) improves the treatment outcomes for this category of patients.
Prospects for silver economy development in the russian megapolis
Authors: Шестакова Н.Н. , Джанелизде М.Г. , Скворцова М.Б.
Published: February 2023

В статье исследованы теоретические подходы к развитию серебряной экономики в мире и практическая ценность продвижения ее модели для РФ. Предложено авторское определение категории «серебряная экономика» с выделением двух векторов ее развития: экономика - для пожилых и пожилые - для экономики. Цель исследования - оценка потенциального спроса на продукты серебряной экономики. В соответствии с ней в работе представлена первая часть результатов социологического (экспертного) опроса, проведенного авторами в Санкт-Петербурге. Исследование позволило установить ассортимент специализированной высокотехнологичной продукции для населения старших возрастов, который оценивается как весьма скудный, а уровень локализации серебряной экономики с точки зрения производства товаров в Санкт-Петербурге - как невысокий.

The article examines theoretical approaches to the development of a silver economy in the world and the practical value of promoting its model for the Russian Federation. Based on the consideration of various interpretations of this concept, the author’s definition of the category «silver economy» is proposed with the allocation of two vectors of its development: economy - for the elderly and the elderly - for the economy. The purpose of the study was to assess the potential demand for silver economy products: in accordance with it, the paper presents the results of a specific sociological (expert) survey conducted by the authors in St. Petersburg. The conducted research allowed us to establish that the awareness of the involved expert community regarding the production of specialized goods for the elderly population in St. Petersburg is generally low; the range of specialized high-tech products for the elderly population is estimated as very poor, and the level of localization of the silver economy in terms of the production of goods in St. Petersburg is low.
Contextual learning in the education unit level curriculum faces obstacles
Authors: Amar Titus Do , Haning Sarma
Published: February 2023

This study examined Indonesia's education unit level adoption of the Contextual Teaching and Learning approach and its supportive and limiting elements. In the Education Unit Level Curriculum, Contextual Teaching and Learning works well. To make learning more relevant and the Education Unit Level Curriculum implementation successful, implementation must be context-based. The Unit Level Curriculum must match students, educators, learning media, the environment, and their natural traits. Because this must follow the method to attain educational goals. Thus, Contextual Teaching and Learning depends on the Education Unit Level Curriculum. To support and balance each other, the Unit Level Curriculum socialization process for instructors must function properly. If the Education Unit Level Curriculum implementation goes successfully, the Contextual Teaching and Learning approach will be the same
How the active learning method affects students' desire to learn
Authors: Eustaqio Agueda , Gorráitz Mauli da , Lora Sarmento Calos
Published: February 2023

Researchers found that a mean score of 12.24 was achieved when measuring the level of student enthusiasm to learn while using an active learning strategy. Students whose education follows the traditional model report an average (mean) level of motivation to learn of 11.2. The "t" test's calculations led to the following results: t count = 3.49, and t table = 2.01 for the price. If the number of students taught using an active learning strategy is larger than the number of students taught using a traditional learning approach, then Ho might be rejected. Therefore, this study has successfully demonstrated that the active learning technique, as opposed to the conventional learning approach, increases student learning motivation.
The relationship between educational priorities and students' religious attitudes
Authors: Khairunnisa Awwalina
Published: February 2023

The family's function, particularly how parents care for their children at home, has a significant impact on how youngsters develop their religious spirit. The attention of parents and the roles of each parent should complement one another in order to create a whole and harmonious family that can best carry out religious orders. If parents don't pay attention to their kids and miseducate them, kids will be readily swayed by things that are bad. Based on Islamic religious principles given in the Koran and the Prophet's sunnah, Islamic religious education shapes a person's physical and spiritual qualities. It is anticipated that both facets will develop in harmony in order to prevent a disconnect between spiritual and material requirements. Selfishness will be avoided if a person leads a balanced life. The goal of this study is to ascertain the extent to which parental involvement in the delivery of Islamic religious education and its relevance to students' religious attitudes are related. This study employs the descriptive analytic method and uses interviews and questionnaires as its data sources. Data analysis, a crucial step in the scientific method, is done to use the study that has been done on the sampled pupils to provide a response to the research question. By analyzing the data, it can be concluded that parents give their children's religious education a lot of thought, which has an impact on the religious attitudes of students who behave well. In addition, the school fulfills its responsibility as an educational institution by offering lessons and extracurricular activities that can help students develop their religious attitudes, as can be seen from interviews with the school.