bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Corrosion Behavior and Numerical Simulation of TC18 Titanium Alloy Under Tensile Stress
Authors: Miao Yuanyang , Lv Shengli
Published: April 2023

Both understanding and simulation of the process of corrosion damage are crucial for the prediction of remaining service life of engineering structures, sound reliability analysis, and design for the purpose of enhancing the overall resistance of the material to corrosion damage. A coupled mechano-electrochemical peridynamic (PD) corrosion model was established by using the PD corrosion theory and the mechanochemical effect theory. The model is capable of simulating the occurrence of degradation caused by the conjoint and mutually interactive influences of mechano-electrochemical phenomena. Corrosion behavior of TC18 titanium alloy in EXCO solution under stress loads of 31% σ0.2, 47% σ0.2, and 62% σ0.2 was studied. The effect of tensile loads on the corrosion behavior of TC18 titanium alloy was examined by combining the micromorphology and electrochemical parameters to verify the dependence of reaction rate occurring at the anode on tensile stress. Results of this study shed light that as the stress level increases, the corrosion potential of TC18 titanium alloy shifts negatively, the corrosion current density increases and the corrosion intensifies. When the phase transition mechanism is satisfied, boundary movement occurs spontaneously. This model can safely be employed for complex geometric shapes and as a basis for studying crack propagation in environments that are favorable or conducive for inducing corrosion.
Electrical Contact During a Rolling Vibratory Motion Considering Mixed Lubrication
Authors: Jackson Robert L. , Angadi Santosh
Published: April 2023

In many devices and applications, electrical contacts are exposed to vibrations, sliding, or rolling conditions and are prone to fretting-based degradation. Thus, lubricants are often employed in such contacts to reduce sliding wear and fretting corrosion. However, due to the non-conductive behavior of the lubricants with fluorocarbons and hydrocarbons, lubricants lead to a few adverse problems. Also, the fluid dynamics upon excitation, vibration, or sliding causes extended breaks or gaps in between the conducting surfaces. In reality, this can be noticed during vibrations occurring as a result of earthquakes or technical personnel maintenance. This could also have applications to electrified rolling element bearings. Factors such as surface roughness and fluid viscosity will determine the time taken for the two surfaces of the connectors to separate from a solid conductive contact. In this work, a coupled structural–fluid theoretical model is developed for evaluating such intermittent contact breaks/gaps when two metallic rough surfaces in contact are under vibrations. The model is capable of predicting the increase in the fluid film as well as the contact resistance change with time due to the possible connector vibration. The experimentally observed rocking vibration mode seen in connectors and the time-dependent squeeze film lubrication effect are also considered.
Multi-objective optimization of three-stage running-in process for main bearing of marine diesel engine
Authors: Zhou Yuankai , Wang Zhiyong , Zuo Xue
Published: April 2023

Running-in quality can be improved by optimizing the running-in parameters (load, speed and running-in time). The relationship between running-in quality and the fractal dimensions of friction signal and wear surface is analyzed. It shows that the larger the fractal dimension, the better the running-in quality. A multi-objective optimization design of the running-in parameters of the main bearing is carried out, using a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm with elite strategy. The optimization targets are the large fractal dimension of friction coefficient, the large fractal dimension of wear surface, and small running-in time. It shows that the selection principles of running-in parameters are different for different stages and priorities. The optimal running-in parameters listed in this paper provides a specific reference to the optimal design of the three-stage running in of main bearing.
A 2R1T Redundantly Actuated Parallel Manipulator With an Offset Moving Platform and Fixed Linear Actuators
Authors: Lin Ziying , Xu Lingmin , Ding Ye , Zhu Xiangyang
Published: April 2023

Redundantly actuated parallel manipulators with two rotations and one translation (2R1T RAPMs) have the potential for machining complex surfaces, where a large orientation workspace and high stiffness are required. Considering the advantages of an offset moving platform, such as an enlarged orientation workspace and improved stiffness, a novel 2R1T (2PRR)R-PRS-PSS RAPM with an offset moving platform is proposed in this paper, called M2. Compared with the existing 2R1T RAPM with an offset moving platform, the main advantage of the proposed RAPM is that the heavy motors of four limbs are mounted on the base to reduce the movable mass and improve dynamic response. The kinematical analysis is investigated, including mobility, inverse, forward kinematics, and singularity analysis. Meanwhile, comprehensive evaluations of the properties of the offset moving platform and actuation redundancy are carried out. Compared with M2 RAPM’s form without an offset in moving platform, i.e., no auxiliary platform, and M2 RAPM’s nonredundantly actuated form, the proposed M2 RAPM can achieve a larger orientation workspace and higher stiffness. Particularly, the maximum stiffness of the proposed M2 is 68.8% larger than its form without an auxiliary platform. Finally, the dimensional parameters of the proposed M2 are optimized to obtain an improved satisfactory workspace.
Characterization and Amelioration of Filtration Difficulties Encountered in Metabolomic Studies of Clostridium thermocellum at Elevated Sugar Concentrations
Authors: Sharma Bishal D. , Olson Daniel G. , Giannone Richard J. , Hettich Robert L. , Lynd Lee R.
Published: April 2023

The accurate measurement of intracellular metabolites (metabolomics) is an integral part of metabolic engineering for the enhanced production of industrially important compounds and a useful technique to understand microbial physiology. Previous work tended to focus on model organisms under laboratory conditions.
Host Immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Is Similar in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)-Infected, Antiretroviral Therapy-Treated and SIV-Naïve Juvenile Macaques
Authors: Larson Erica C. , Ellis Amy L. , Rodgers Mark A. , Gubernat Abigail K. , Gleim Janelle L. , Moriarty Ryan V. , Balgeman Alexis J. , Menezes Yonne K. , Ameel Cassaundra L. , Fillmore Daniel J. , Pergalske Skyler M. , Juno Jennifer A. , Maiello Pauline , White Alexander G. , Borish H. Jacob , Godfrey Dale I. , Kent Stephen J. , Ndhlovu Lishomwa C. , O’Connor Shelby L. , Scanga Charles A.
Published: April 2023

Pre-existing HIV infection increases tuberculosis (TB) risk in children. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces, but does not abolish, this risk in children with HIV.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Human Neurons Is TMPRSS2 Independent, Requires Endosomal Cell Entry, and Can Be Blocked by Inhibitors of Host Phosphoinositol-5 Kinase
Authors: Kettunen Pinja , Lesnikova Angelina , Räsänen Noora , Ojha Ravi , Palmunen Leena , Laakso Markku , Lehtonen Šárka , Kuusisto Johanna , Pietiläinen Olli , Saber Saber H. , Joensuu Merja , Vapalahti Olli P. , Koistinaho Jari , Rolova Taisia , Balistreri Giuseppe
Published: April 2023

COVID-19 is a disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Millions of patients display neurological symptoms, including headache, impairment of memory, seizures, and encephalopathy, as well as anatomical abnormalities, such as changes in brain morphology.
Enterovirus D68 Infection Induces TDP-43 Cleavage, Aggregation, and Neurotoxicity
Authors: Zhang Lili , Yang Jiaxin , Li Huili , Zhang Zhe , Ji Zhilin , Zhao Lirong , Wei Wei
Published: April 2023

Over the past decade, the incidence of enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) infection has increased worldwide. EV-D68 infection can cause different respiratory symptoms and severe neurological complications, including acute flaccid myelitis.
Complete Genome Sequence of an Enterovirus Type C116 Strain Recovered from Urban Sewage and Determined by Deep Sequencing
Authors: Bisseux Maxime , Mirand Audrey , Colombet Jonathan , Bailly Jean-Luc , Henquell Cécile
Published: April 2023

Wastewater surveillance allowed the detection of an enterovirus (EV) type rarely reported in clinical settings. We detected an EV-C116 strain in a wastewater sample in France and characterized its complete genome. This virus was genetically closely related to African strains but distantly related to the only complete genome previously described.
Draft Whole-Genome Sequence of the Black Yeast Aureobasidium pullulans NRRL 62031
Authors: Xiao Difan , Blank Lars M. , Tiso Till
Published: April 2023

The black-yeast-like
Aureobasidium
is discussed as a versatile cell factory for many biotechnological applications. This article describes the 25.05-Mb draft genome sequence of
Aureobasidium pullulans
NRRL 62031, which was isolated in Thailand. The genome sequence provides evidence for a plethora of synthesis pathways for valuable secondary metabolites.
Intestinal α-Defensins Play a Minor Role in Modulating the Small Intestinal Microbiota Composition as Compared to Diet
Authors: Puértolas-Balint Fabiola , Schroeder Bjoern O.
Published: April 2023

Alterations in the gut microbial community composition are associated with many diseases, and therefore identifying factors that shape the microbial community under homeostatic and diseased conditions may contribute to the development of strategies to correct a dysbiotic microbiota. Here, we demonstrate that a Western-style diet, as an extrinsic parameter, had a stronger impact on shaping the small intestinal bacterial composition than intestinal defensins, as an intrinsic parameter.
Body Size Poorly Predicts Host-Associated Microbial Diversity in Wild Birds
Authors: Herder Elizabeth A. , Skeen Heather R. , Lutz Holly L. , Hird Sarah M.
Published: April 2023

All animals coexist and interact with microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, microscopic eukaryotes, and viruses. These microorganisms can have an enormous influence on the biology and health of macro-organisms.
The Clinical Performance of the BioCode Respiratory Pathogen Panel for the Detection of Viruses and Bacteria from Nasopharyngeal Swabs
Authors: Zhang Xin , Knoth Colleen , Pham Anh , Lima Amorce , Dominguez Rosario , Ibarra-Flores Irvin , Lopez Juan C. , Uy Dominic , Silbert Suzane , Patel Anami , Aye Michael , Tang Yi-Wei , Dien Bard Jennifer
Published: April 2023

Early detection of microbial pathogens causing respiratory tract infection plays a crucial role in clinical management. The BioCode Respiratory Pathogen Panel (BioCode RPP) is a high-throughput test that utilizes RT-PCR in combination with barcoded magnetic beads to amplify, detect, and identify 17 respiratory pathogens, including 14 viruses and 3 bacteria.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Coinfection during
Chlamydia muridarum
Genital Latency Does Not Modulate Murine Vaginal Bacterial Shedding
Authors: Onorini Delia , Leonard Cory Ann , Phillips Campbell Regenia , Prähauser Barbara , Pesch Theresa , Schoborg Robert V. , Jerse Ann E. , Tarigan Bernadetta , Borel Nicole
Published: April 2023

Our work builds upon the limited understanding of
C. muridarum
/
N. gonorrhoeae
coinfection. Previously,
N. gonorrhoeae
infection of mice with acute (actively replicating) vaginal
C. muridarum
infection was shown to increase recovery of viable vaginal
N. gonorrhoeae
and vaginal PMNs, with no effect on
C. muridarum
vaginal shedding (R. A. Vonck et al., Infect Immun 79:1566–1577, 2011).
Inverse “Foldover” Resonance in an Yttrium Iron Garnet Film
Authors: Bunkov Yu. M. , Vetoshko P. M. , Safin T. R. , Tagirov M. S.
Published: April 2023

Nonlinear magnetic resonance is studied in an in-plane magnetized yttrium iron garnet (YIG) film. For YIG films magnetized perpendicular to the plane, the effect referred to as the foldover resonance is well known. It arises because the precession frequency increases with the deviation of the magnetization. When the field is reduced, the frequency of the precession remains resonant because the demagnetizing field decreases with the deviation of the magnetization. The signal disappears when the radio frequency pump power is insufficient to maintain a nonequilibrium state of the system. In the in-plane magnetized yttrium iron garnet film, the precession frequency decreases with an increase in the pump amplitude. Accordingly, the foldover effect arises under an increase in the field. The fundamental difference is that the precession in the latter case should be unstable with respect to the decay into spin wave modes. The deviation angles of magnetization of about 10° are reached, and the rate of decay of the uniform precession into spin waves, which depends on the deviation angle of the magnetization, is measured. This study opens up another way of achieving the magnon density corresponding to the formation of its Bose–Einstein condensate.
On the Laser Generation in Two-Dimensional Materials with Pumping by Quasitrapped Modes
Authors: Gubin M. Yu. , Shesterikov A. V. , Volkov V. S. , Prokhorov A. V.
Published: April 2023

A model has been proposed to describe the laser generation of two-dimensional semiconductor films with near-field pumping by quasitrapped modes excited in dielectric metasurfaces. A metastructure consisting of a Si metasurface coated with a MoTe2 film, where narrow-band resonance of a quasitrapped mode is joined with a broad exciton resonance of a two-dimensional material, has been designed. Threshold conditions for generation in the MoTe2 film with pumping by quasitrapped modes have been determined. The possibility of polarization control of the emission of the proposed metastructure has been demonstrated.
Rare occurrence of polymyxin B-induced hyperpigmentation in a child with ventriculitis
Authors: Fitzrol Diana Noma , Ang Song Yee , Suhaimi Asyraf , Yeap Tat Boon
Published: April 2023

Polymyxin B (PB) is a polypeptide bactericidal antibiotic that is commonly used for extensively drug-resistant (XDR) microorganisms such asAcinetobacter baumaniiandKlebsiella pneumoniae. It can be administered intravenously or intrathecally. Common side effects are nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, pruritus and skin hyperpigmentation (SH). The latter is an uncommon adverse reaction of intravenously administered PB. We report a rare occurrence of PB-induced SH secondary to intrathecal administration of PB in a child withA. baumaniiXDR ventriculitis. We describe the management of him and a brief review of PB.
Management of infected radicular cyst associated with immature maxillary permanent lateral incisor: a conservative surgical approach
Authors: Yadav Dipika , Singh Rajeev Kumar , Arumugam Aravindhan , Solanki Jyoti
Published: April 2023

Radicular cysts are the most common cystic lesions which affect the jaw. Traumatic dental injuries cause injury to the periodontal ligament and dental pulp often leads to pulpal necrosis. The necrosed pulp eventually becomes the nidus of infection and irritates the periapical epithelial cell remnants, which in turn develops into a cyst eventually. This case report presents the successful conservative surgical management of a large infected radicular cyst which was associated with traumatised, necrotic, permanent maxillary lateral incisor with open apex by Partsch II surgical procedure followed by a combination of retrograde and orthograde root canal obturation. This report will guide the clinicians in the arena of surgical endodontics in a conservative approach.
Quality of life measures in dysplastic Barrett’s oesophagus are comparable to patients with non-dysplastic Barrett’s oesophagus and do not improve after endoscopic therapy
Authors: Ratcliffe Elizabeth , Britton James , Heal Calvin , Keld Richard , Murgatroyd Mark , Willert Robert , McLaughlin John , Hamdy Shaheen , Ang Yeng
Published: April 2023

Objective

Barrett’s oesophagus (BO) is a precursor lesion, via dysplastic phases, to oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Although overall risk from BO is low, it has been shown to adversely affect health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The aim was to compare dysplastic BO patients’ HRQOL pre-endoscopic therapy (pre-ET) and post-ET. The pre-ET BO group was also compared with other cohorts: non-dysplastic BO (NDBO), those with colonic polyps, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) and healthy volunteers.

Design

Participants in the pre-ET cohort were recruited prior to their endotherapy and HRQOL questionnaires provided pre-ET and post-ET. Wilcoxon rank test was used to compare the pre-ET and post-ET findings. The Pre-ET group was compared to the other cohorts’ HRQOL results using multiple linear regression analysis.

Results

Pre-ET group of 69 participants returned the questionnaires prior to and 42 post-ET. Both the pre-ET and post-ET group showed similar levels of cancer worry, despite the treatment. No statistical significance was found for symptoms scores, anxiety and depression or general health measures with the Short Form-36 (SF-36) Score. Education for the BO patients was overall lacking with many of the pre-ET group still reporting unanswered questions about their disease.

The Pre-ET group was compared with NDBO group (N=379), GORD (N=132), colonic polyp patients (N=152) and healthy volunteers (N=48). Cancer worry was similar between the NDBO group and the Pre-ET group, despite their lower risk of progression. GORD patients had worse symptom scores from a reflux and heartburn perspective. Only the healthy group has significantly better scores in the SF-36 and improved hospital anxiety and depression scores.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that there is a need to improve HRQOL for patients with BO. This should include improved education and devising-specific patient-reported outcome measures for BO to capture relevant areas of HRQOL in future studies.
Vaccine intention and hesitancy among Australian women who are currently pregnant or have recently given birth: the Birth in the Time of COVID-19 (BITTOC) national online survey
Authors: Dahlen Hannah G , Homer Caroline , Boyle Jacqueline , Lequertier Belinda , Kildea Sue , Agho Kingsley Emwinyore
Published: April 2023

Objective

To examine the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination, and factors associated with vaccination intention and hesitancy in pregnant and postnatal women in Australia.

Design and setting

A national online survey was conducted over 6 months between 31 August 2021 and 1 March 2022 and responses to vaccination status were categorised as: ‘vaccinated’, ‘vaccine intended’ and ‘vaccine hesitant’. The data were weighted to reflect the proportion of women of reproductive age. Potential confounding variables were examined using multinomial logistic regression analyses, and all comparisons were made against vaccinated pregnant and postnatal women.

Participants

2140 women responded to the survey (838 pregnant; 1302 recently post partum).

Results

Amongst pregnant women, 586 (69.9%) were vaccinated, 166 (19.8%) indicated intention and 86 (10.3%) were hesitant. In postnatal women, this was 1060 (81.4%), 143 (11.0%) and 99 (7.6%), respectively. Only 52 (6.2%) of pregnant women stated never wanting a COVID-19 vaccine. Vaccine hesitancy increased over time, and for pregnant women was associated with: living in a state other than New South Wales (NSW) (Adjusted Relative Risk (ARR) 2.77, 95%CI: 1.68-4.56 for vaccine intention and ARR=3.31, 95%CI: 1.52-7.20 for vaccine hesitancy), younger age <30 years, not having a university education, income <80K AUD, gestation <28 weeks, having no pregnancy risk factors, and being less satisfied with life (ARR=2.20, 95%CI: 1.04-4.65 for vaccine intention and ARR=2.53, 95%CI: 1.02-6.25 for vaccine hesitancy) . For postnatal women: living in a state other than NSW or Victoria, income <80K AUD and having private obstetric care (ARR=2.06, 95%CI: 1.23-3.46) were significantly associated with vaccine hesitancy.

Conclusions

Around 1 in 10 pregnant women and just over 1 in 13 postnatal women reported vaccine hesitancy in this Australian survey, and hesitancy was higher in the latter 3-month period. Tailored messages to younger mothers and those from lower-middle socioeconomic groups, alongside advice from midwives and obstetricians, could help to reduce hesitancy among pregnant and postnatal women. Financial incentives may help to facilitate COVID-19 vaccine uptake. A real-time surveillance system and additional pregnancy fields added to the Australian immunisation register would support the safety monitoring of multiple vaccines in pregnancy and may build confidence.
Sustainable Development Goal indicator for measuring availability and affordability of medicines for children: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Joosse Iris R , Mantel-Teeuwisse Aukje K , Suleman Fatima , van den Ham Hendrika A
Published: April 2023

Objectives

To complement Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicator 3.b.3 that monitors access to medicines for all, a corresponding child-specific methodology was developed tailored to the health needs of children. This methodology could aid countries in monitoring accessibility to paediatric medicines in a validated manner and on a longitudinal basis. We aimed to provide proof of concept of this adapted methodology by applying the method to historical datasets.

Method

A core set of child-appropriate medicines was selected for two groups of children: children aged 1–59 months and children aged 5–12 years. To enable calculation of affordability of medicines for children, thenumber of units needed for treatmentwas created, incorporating the recommended dosage and duration of treatment for the specific age group. The adapted methodology was applied to health facility survey data from Burundi (2013), China (2012) and Haiti (2011) for one age group. SDG indicator 3.b.3 scores and (mean) individual facility scores were calculated per country and sector.

Results

We were able to calculate SDG indicator 3.b.3 based on historical data from Burundi, China and Haiti with the adapted methodology. In this case study, all individual facilities failed to reach the 80% benchmark of accessible medicines, resulting in SDG indicator 3.b.3 scores of 0% for all 3 countries. Mean facility scores ranged from 22.2% in Haiti to 40.3% in Burundi for lowest-price generic medicines. Mean facility scores for originator brands were 0%, 16.5% and 9.9% for Burundi, China and Haiti, respectively. The low scores seemed to stem from the low availability of medicines.

Conclusion

The child-specific methodology was successfully applied to historical data from Burundi, China and Haiti, providing proof of concept of this methodology. The proposed validation steps and sensitivity analyses will help determine its robustness and could lead to further improvements.
Suffering out of sight but not out of mind – interpreting experiences of sick leave due to chronic pain in a community setting: a qualitative study
Authors: Lundin Åse , Ekman Inger , Wallström Sara , Andréll Paulin , Lundberg Mari
Published: April 2023

Objective

Chronic pain is a complex health problem affecting about one-fifth of the European population. It is a leading cause of years lived with disability worldwide, with serious personal, relational and socioeconomic consequences. Chronic pain and sick leave adversely affect health and quality of life. Thus, understanding this phenomenon is essential for reducing suffering, understanding the need for support and promoting a rapid return to work and an active lifestyle. This study aimed to describe and interpret persons’ experiences of being on sick leave due to chronic pain.

Design

A qualitative study with semistructured interviews analysed using a phenomenological hermeneutic approach.

Setting

Participants were recruited from a community setting in Sweden.

Participants

Fourteen participants (12 women) with experiences of part-time or full-time sick leave from work due to chronic pain were included in the study.

Results

Suffering out of sight but not out of mind was the main theme of the qualitative analysis. This theme implies that the participants’ constant suffering was invisible to others, causing them to feel they were not being justly treated in society. Feeling overlooked led to a continuous struggle for recognition. Moreover, the participants’ identities and their trust in themselves and their bodies were challenged. However, our study also revealed a nuanced understanding of the experiences of sick leave as a consequence of chronic pain, where the participants learnt important lessons, including coping strategies and re-evaluated priorities.

Conclusions

Being on sick leave due to chronic pain threatens a person’s integrity and leads to substantial suffering. An enhanced understanding of the meaning of sick leave due to chronic pain provides important considerations for their care and support. This study highlights the importance of feeling acknowledged and being met with justice in encounters with others.
Consumption frequencies of beverages and the hypertension risk in adults: a cohort study in China
Authors: Wang Caihua , Sun Jiaru , Hui Zhaozhao , Ren Xiaohan , Lei Shuangyan , Han Wenjin , Wang Xiaoqin , Wang Ming-Xu
Published: April 2023

Objective

To explore the associations between the consumption frequencies of alcohol, tea and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and the hypertension risk among Chinese adults.

Design

A longitudinal study of the effect of beverage consumption on hypertension risk.

Setting

Nine provinces in China, including Jiangsu, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Shandong and Henan.

Participants

The longitudinal data of the China Health and Nutrition Survey from 2004 to 2015 were used. A total of 4427 participants from 9 provinces were included at baseline.

Outcome

First incidence of hypertension.

Results

During a mean follow-up of 8.7 years, 1478 participants developed hypertension. Alcohol consumption more than twice a week in young men (HR 1.86, 95% CI 1.09 to 3.18) or middle-aged men (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.87) was associated with a higher hypertension risk. Middle-aged women who consumed tea frequently (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.97), or young women who consumed SSBs less than once a week (HR 0.31, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.67) had a lower risk of hypertension.

Conclusions

High-frequency alcohol consumption increased the risk of hypertension in men, and frequent tea consumption and low-frequency SSBs consumption were associated with lower risk of hypertension in women. Consumption frequency of beverages was also suggested to be considered in the prevention and control of hypertension.
Multidisciplinary simulation of local anaesthetic systemic toxicity improves diagnostic and treatment skills and self-confidence for pain clinic procedural staff
Authors: Ackerman Robert , Riley Matthew , Anwar Muhammad A Farooq , Mitchell Duran , Vorenkamp Kevin , Udani Ankeet , Yi Peter
Published: April 2023

Local anaesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST) is a rare complication after outpatient interventional pain procedures, which can present as an emergent and life-threatening condition. Proficiency and confidence in managing this rare situation necessitates strategies to ensure team members can perform necessary tasks. The primary objective was to familiarse the pain clinic procedural staff—physicians, nurses, medical assistants, and radiation technologists—with concise and current instruction and an opportunity to practice in a controlled environment. A two-part series was designed and led by the pain physicians, with the assistance of the simulation centre and clinic staff. A 20 min didactic session was held to familiarise the providers with relevant details and information regarding LAST. Then, 2 weeks later, all team members participated in a simulation exercise intended to portray a LAST encounter, tasking participants to recognise and manage the condition in a team-based model. Before and after the didactic and simulation sessions, the staff was administered a questionnaire to assess knowledge of LAST signs, symptoms, management strategies, and priorities. Respondents were better able to identify signs and symptoms of toxicity and prioritise management steps, and felt more confident in recognising symptoms, starting treatment and coordinating care. Furthermore, participants emphasised the positive of debriefing, practicing a rare situation and learning strategies for effective communication, team dynamics and role clarity.

Format

Small group didactic session, simulation exercise in a clinical simulation lab.

Target audience

Attending, fellow, and resident physicians, medical students, registered nurses, certified medical assistants, and radiation technologists working in a pain clinic procedure suite.

Objectives

To acquaint the pain clinic procedural staff with current training related to LAST and an opportunity to practice in a controlled environment.
Effects of training adaption in endurance athletes with atrial fibrillation: protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Apelland Turid , Janssens Kristel , Loennechen Jan Pål , Claessen Guido , Sørensen Eivind , Mitchell Amy , Sellevold Andreas Berg , Enger Steve , Onarheim Sophia , Letnes Jon Magne , Miljoen Hielko , Tveit Arnljot , La Gerche André , Myrstad Marius
Published: April 2023

Endurance athletes have a high prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF), probably caused by exercise-induced cardiac remodelling. Athletes diagnosed with AF are often advised to reduce the intensity and amount of training but the efficacy of this intervention has not been investigated in endurance athletes with AF.Effects of detraining in endurance athletes with atrial fibrillationis a two-arm international multicentre randomised (1:1) controlled trial on the effects of a period of training adaption on AF burden in endurance athletes with paroxysmal AF.

One-hundred-and-twenty endurance athletes diagnosed with paroxysmal AF are randomised to a 16-week period of intervention (training adaption) or a control group. We define training adaption as training with a heart rate (HR) not exceeding 75% of the individual maximum HR (HRmax), and total duration of weekly training not exceeding 80% of the self-reported average before the study. The control group is instructed to uphold training intensity including sessions with HR ≥85% of HRmax. AF burden is monitored with insertable cardiac monitors, and training intensity with HR chest-straps and connected sports watches. The primary endpoint, AF burden, will be calculated as the cumulative duration of all AF episodes lasting ≥30sec divided by total duration of monitoring. Secondary endpoints include number of AF episodes, adherence to training adaption, exercise capacity, AF symptoms and health-related quality of life, echocardiographic signs of cardiac remodelling and risk of cardiac arrhythmias related to upholding training intensity.

Trial registration number

NCT04991337.

Study protocol version

4.7 (Date 9 March 2023).
Lupus pathogenesis and autoimmunity are exacerbated by high fat diet-induced obesity in MRL/lpr mice
Authors: Zhang Xin , Meng Juan , Shi Xuhua , Quinet Robert James , Davis William , Zakem Jerald , Keshavamurthy Chandana , Patel Ronak , Lobo Gitanjali , Hellmers Linh , Ray Alicia Nicole , Rivers Laura E , Ali Hiba , Posas-Mendoza Therese , Hille Chad , You Zongbing
Published: April 2023

Objective

SLE is an autoimmune disease characterised by persistent inflammation and autoantibody production. Genetic predisposition and environmental factors such as a high-fat diet (HFD) may contribute to lupus development. However, the immune cell profile and gender difference in response to HFD in lupus have not been reported. Here we investigated the impact of HFD on lupus pathogenesis and autoimmunity using lupus-prone mice.

Methods

Thirty male and 30 female MRL/lymphoproliferation (lpr) mice were fed with regular diet (RD) or HFD. Body weights were recorded weekly. SLE progression was monitored by skin lesion, urine protein, titres of antidouble-strand DNA (dsDNA) and ANA. At week 14, kidney and skin tissue sections were stained with H&E and periodic acid–Schiff to detect histological kidney index and skin score. Splenocytes were identified by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry.

Results

HFD significantly increased body weight and lipid levels compared with RD (p<0.01). Skin lesions were observed in 55.6% of the HFD group compared with 11.1% of the RD group, with greater histopathological skin scores in the female HFD group (p<0.01). Although both male and female mice had higher serum IgG in the HFD group than in the RD group, only the male HFD group showed an increased trend in anti-dsDNA Ab and ANA titres. Kidney pathological changes in the HFD group were more severe in male mice than in female mice (p<0.05), detected by proteinuria, kidney index and glomerular cell proliferation. Significant increases of germinal centre B cells and T follicular helper cells were observed in the spleens of HFD mice (p<0.05).

Conclusion

HFD induced an accelerated and exacerbated lupus development and autoimmunity in MRL/lpr mice. Our results parallel many known clinical lupus phenotypes and sexual dimorphism in which male patients are likelier to have a severe disease (nephritis) than female lupus patients who may have a broader range of lupus symptoms.
Blunt thoracic aortic injury diagnosis and management: two decades of innovation from Memphis
Authors: Davis Kimberly A
Published: April 2023

In recognition of Dr Timothy Fabian’s sentinel contributions to the field of trauma surgery, this review highlights his contributions to the diagnosis and management of blunt thoracic aortic injury and places his contributions into context relative to current practice.
The man, the myth, the method: an inside look at the open abdomen and abdominal wall reconstruction
Authors: Magnotti Louis J
Published: April 2023

Management of the open abdomen (or the abdomen that will not close) and subsequent abdominal wall reconstruction remains one of the most vexing situations for even the most experienced trauma surgeon. The contribution to the literature on this topic by Dr Timothy Fabian and the Memphis group at the Elvis Presley Trauma Center resulted in the contemporary recognition that the initial management as well as the long-term approach dictates optimal outcomes for patients with this problem. Over three decades, the Memphis group, under Dr Fabian’s leadership, performed numerous clinical studies that led to the publication of multiple articles (including a step-by-step how-to manual) for managing the open abdomen from onset to closure. The purpose of this review is to survey the consecutive studies from Memphis specifically that led to the development of a simplified management scheme that has stood the test of time.
Blunt cerebrovascular injury: contribution of Timothy C Fabian MD and investigators from the University of Tennessee at Memphis to our understanding of the injury
Authors: Miller Preston R
Published: April 2023

Our understanding of blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) has evolved considerably over recent decades. It was once seen as a rare injury that was difficult or impossible to predict and had no useful prevention or treatment measures available. In the late 20th century, work by physicians caring for these injuries began to show that this was not the case. There were distinct risk factors for the injury and the often seen interval between injury and stroke provided an opportunity for stroke prevention. Timothy Fabian and the investigators at Memphis have been one of the groups at the forefront of this type of inquiry for >30 years. The contributions of this group has advanced the care of BCVI immensely. This review examines some of the work done by Dr Fabian and his colleagues and its importance in the care of injured patients.
Contribution by Dr Timothy C Fabian: liver trauma
Authors: Malhotra Ajai K
Published: April 2023

The liver is the most commonly injured organ within the abdomen. Dr Fabian and his associates have made remarkable contributions to our understanding and management of these injuries. The current review summarizes the contributions.
A new constraint on the Hawking evaporation of primordial black holes in the radiation-dominated era
Authors: Tabasi Seyed Sajad , Firouzjaee Javad T.
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we revisit the evaporation and accretion of primordial black holes (PBHs) during cosmic history and compare them to see if both of these processes are constantly active for PBHs or not. Our calculations indicate that during the radiation-dominated era, PBHs absorb ambient radiation due to accretion, and their apparent horizon grows rapidly. This growth causes the Hawking radiation process to practically fail and all the particles that escape as radiation from PBHs to fall back into them. Nevertheless, our emphasis is that the accretion efficiency factor also plays a very important role here and its exact determination is essential. We have shown that the lower mass limit for PBHs that have not yet evaporated should approximately be $$10^{14}g$$

10
14

g

rather than $$10^{15}g$$

10
15

g

. Finally, we study the effects of Hawking radiation quiescence in cosmology and reject models based on the evaporation of PBHs in the radiation-dominated era.
Spontaneous scalarization of dyonic black hole in Einstein–Maxwell-scalar theory
Authors: Jiang Jie , Tan Jia
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we study the scalarization of the static and spherically symmetric dyonic Reissner–Nordstrom (RN) black holes in the Einstein–Maxwell-scalar theory where the scalar field is coupled to an electromagnetic Chern–Simons term. When both electric and magnetic charges are present, there exists an unstable region of parametric space for the dyonic RN black holes where the scalarization of black holes should occur. That is to say, mixing electric and magnetic charges can reduce the scalarization in this theory. Firstly, we calculate the perturbation field equations under the dyonic RN black hole background and obtain the corresponding asymptotic-flat perturbation solutions, which are the bifurcation points at the dyonic RN branch. The results show that the perturbation scalarization demands a lower bound of the coupling constant. Then, we calculate the scalarized black hole solutions bifurcating from the dyonic RN solutions. We find that there exist a lot of discrete branches of the scalarized solutions. Contract to the dyonic RN solutions, these scalarized solutions can be overcharged and their mass could even approach zero. After illustrating the behavior of the entropy for the scalarized black holes, we demonstrate that the scalarized configurations might be thermodynamically more stable than GR configurations. Moreover, we also show that for each scalarized branch, the black hole cannot reach the extremal limit with vanishing temperature.
Plurisubharmonicity of the Dirichlet energy and deformations of polarized manifolds
Authors: Huang Che-Hung
Published: April 2023

We show that if [Formula: see text] is a polarized family of compact Kähler manifolds over the open unit disk [Formula: see text], if [Formula: see text] is a Riemannian manifold of nonpositive complexified sectional curvature, and if [Formula: see text] is a smooth family of pluriharmonic maps, then the Dirichlet energy [Formula: see text] is a subharmonic function of [Formula: see text].
BOARD EFFECTIVENESS AND FIRM VALUE: A MEDIATING ROLE OF STOCK LIQUIDITY
Authors: REHMAN RAMIZ UR , NASEEM MUHAMMAD AKRAM , HASAN MUDASSAR , AHMAD MUHAMMAD ISHFAQ , DEMIR ENDER
Published: April 2023

We test whether an effective board affects firm value (FV) in Pakistan and whether stock liquidity (LIQ) mediates this relationship. To test this conjecture, we introduce an effective board index (EBI) using board size, board independence, board diversity and CEO duality. By employing the fixed effect model, we find that an effective board reduces agency costs and thus increases FV. An effective board may signal investors positively regarding reduced information asymmetry, thereby increasing stock LIQ. Furthermore, stock LIQ partially mediates the relationship between the effective board and FV. However, only Amihud illiquidity mediates this relationship, which suggests the stock liquidity’s estimation matters.
Tsallis statistics and thermofractals: Applications to high energy and hadron physics
Authors: Megías Eugenio , Andrade Evandro , Deppman Airton , Gammal Arnaldo , Menezes Débora P. , da Silva Tiago Nunes , Timóteo Varese S.
Published: April 2023

We study the applications of nonextensive Tsallis statistics to high energy and hadron physics. These applications include studies of [Formula: see text] collisions, equation of state of QCD, as well as Bose–Einstein condensation. We also analyze the connections of Tsallis statistics with thermofractals, and address some of the conceptual aspects of the fractal approach, which are expressed in terms of the renormalization group equation and the self-energy corrections to the parton mass. We associate these well-known concepts with the origins of the fractal structure in the quantum field theory.
Constraint-Based Adversarial Networks for Unsupervised Abstract Text Summarization
Authors: Jing Liwei , Yang Lina , Yuan Yujian , Meng Zuqiang , Tan Yifeng , Wang Patrick Shen-Pei , Li Xichun
Published: April 2023

Abstract text summarization is a classic sequence-to-sequence natural language generation task. In order to improve the quality of unsupervised abstract text summarization in unsupervised mode, we propose two constraints for training text summarization model, embedding space constraint and information ratio constraint. We construct a generative adversarial network with two discriminators based on these two constraints (TC-SUM-GAN). We use unsupervised and supervised methods to train the model in the experiment. Experimental results show that the ROUGE-1 value of the unsupervised TC-SUM-GAN increases by [Formula: see text] points compared with the basic model and at least 1.96 points compared with other comparative models. The ROUGE scores of the supervised TC-SUM-GAN are also improved. TC-SUM-GAN achieves very competitive results for the metrics of ROUGE-1 and ROUGE-2. In addition, the abstracts generated by our model are closer to those generated manually.
A New Design of NCFF Compensated Operational Amplifier for Continuous-Time Delta Sigma Modulator
Authors: Ghosh Kasturi
Published: April 2023

A power-efficient second-order no-capacitor feedforward (NCFF) op-amp has been designed in 180[Formula: see text]nm CMOS process. To attain high gain and better common mode rejection, cross-coupled loading network has been used in each differential stage. The designed op-amp achieves over 40[Formula: see text]dB gain up to 400[Formula: see text]MHz and over 10[Formula: see text]dB open loop gain up to 4[Formula: see text]GHz with 0.87[Formula: see text]mW power consumption. It is suitable for application in continuous-time delta-sigma modulator (CT [Formula: see text]M) with sampling frequency in GHz range.
SPACE RADIATION-INDUCED BYSTANDER EFFECT IN ESTIMATING THE CARCINOGENIC RISK DUE TO GALACTIC COSMIC RAYS
Authors: GURACHO ABOMA N. , STRIGARI L. , GAlA G. DELLA , PAOLANI G. , SANTORO M. , STROLIN S. , BARTOLONI A.
Published: April 2023

Space radiobiology is an interdisciplinary science that examines the biological effects of ionizing radiation on humans involved in aerospace missions. The knowledge of the risk assessment of the health hazard related to human space exploration is crucial to reducing damages induced to astronauts from Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs) and sun-generated radiation. GCRs have been identified as one of the primary sources of radiation exposure in space. In this context, an accurate characterization of the possible risk of carcinogenesis induced by exposure to GCRs particles is mandatory for safe human space exploration, and one of the most crucial open problems is the contribution to carcinogenesis due to the effects on the cells directly and not directly irradiated, indicated as Target Effects (TEs) and Non-Target Effects (NTEs), respectively. It is accepted that the detrimental effects of ionizing radiation are not restricted only to the irradiated cells but also to non-irradiated distant cells manifesting various biological effects. Tumor Prevalence (TP) is often used to investigate the effects of NTEs in predictions of chronic GCR exposure risk. This paper reports the status of the research on this topic at the INFN Roma Sapienza Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) research group, where is in progress an extensive study about the risk evaluation of the NTEs that the GCRs radiation will imply when added to the TE. A theoretical framework is presented for TP-induced NTEs modeling, ready to be used with the data collected from the AMS02 detector. Finally, a possible example of the use of the tool is shown for an accurate estimate of the tumor prevalence function of the exposure period for different typical space protons energies.
PROPOSAL OF RATIOMETRIC INDEX FOR THE DIFFERENTIATION OF CELL PAINTED SUBORGANELLES USING DEEP CNN-BASED SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION
Authors: SREEKUMAR SREELEKSHMI PALLIYIL , PALANISAMY ROHINI , SWAMINATHAN RAMAKRISHNAN
Published: April 2023

Cell painting technique provides large amount of potential information for applications such as drug discovery, bioactivity prediction and cytotoxicity assessment. However, its utility is restricted due to the requirement of advanced, costly and specific instrumentation protocols. Therefore, creating cell painted images using simple microscopic data can provide a better alternative for these applications. This study investigates the applicability of deep network-based semantic segmentation to generate cell painted images of nuclei, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and cytoplasm from a composite image. For this, 3456 composite images from a public dataset of Broad Bioimage Benchmark collection are considered. The corresponding ground truth images for nuclei, ER and cytoplasm are generated using Otsu’s thresholding technique and used as labeled dataset. Semantic segmentation network is applied to these data and optimized using stochastic gradient descent with momentum algorithm at a learning rate of 0.01. The segmentation performance of the trained network is evaluated using accuracy, loss, mean Boundary [Formula: see text] (BF) score, Dice Index, Jaccard Index and structural similarity index. Gradient weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) is employed to visualize significant image regions identified by the model. Further, a cellular index is proposed as a geometrical measure which is capable of differentiating the segmented cell organelles. The trained model yields 96.52% accuracy with a loss of 0.07 for 50 epochs. Dice Index of 0.93, 0.76 and 0.75 is achieved for nuclei, ER and cytoplasm respectively. It is observed that nuclei to cytoplasm provides comparatively higher percentage change (74.56%) in the ratiometric index than nuclei to ER and ER to cytoplasm. The achieved results demonstrate that the proposed study can predict the cell painted organelles from a composite image with good performance measures. This study could be employed for generating cell painted organelles from raw microscopy images without using specific fluorescent labeling.