bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dissociable Contribution of Extrastriate Responses to Representational Enhancement of Gaze Targets
Authors: Merrikhi Yaser , Shams-Ahmar Mohammad , Karimi-Rouzbahani Hamid , Clark Kelsey , Ebrahimpour Reza , Noudoost Behrad
Published: June 2021

Before saccadic eye movements, our perception of the saccade targets is enhanced. Changes in the visual representation of saccade targets, which presumably underlie this perceptual benefit, emerge even before the eye begins to move. This perisaccadic enhancement has been shown to involve changes in the response magnitude, selectivity, and reliability of visual neurons. In this study, we quantified multiple aspects of perisaccadic changes in the neural response, including gain, feature tuning, contrast response function, reliability, and correlated activity between neurons. We then assessed the contributions of these various perisaccadic modulations to the population's enhanced perisaccadic representation of saccade targets. We found a partial dissociation between the motor information, carried entirely by gain changes, and visual information, which depended on all three types of modulation. These findings expand our understanding of the perisaccadic enhancement of visual representations and further support the existence of multiple sources of motor modulation and visual enhancement within extrastriate visual cortex.
Simulating and Predicting Dynamical Systems With Spatial Semantic Pointers
Authors: Voelker Aaron R. , Blouw Peter , Choo Xuan , Dumont Nicole Sandra-Yaffa , Stewart Terrence C. , Eliasmith Chris
Published: June 2021

While neural networks are highly effective at learning task-relevant representations from data, they typically do not learn representations with the kind of symbolic structure that is hypothesized to support high-level cognitive processes, nor do they naturally model such structures within problem domains that are continuous in space and time. To fill these gaps, this work exploits a method for defining vector representations that bind discrete (symbol-like) entities to points in continuous topological spaces in order to simulate and predict the behavior of a range of dynamical systems. These vector representations are spatial semantic pointers (SSPs), and we demonstrate that they can (1) be used to model dynamical systems involving multiple objects represented in a symbol-like manner and (2) be integrated with deep neural networks to predict the future of physical trajectories. These results help unify what have traditionally appeared to be disparate approaches in machine learning.
Pathological Spectra of the Fisher Information Metric and Its Variants in Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Karakida Ryo , Akaho Shotaro , Amari Shun-ichi
Published: June 2021

The Fisher information matrix (FIM) plays an essential role in statistics and machine learning as a Riemannian metric tensor or a component of the Hessian matrix of loss functions. Focusing on the FIM and its variants in deep neural networks (DNNs), we reveal their characteristic scale dependence on the network width, depth, and sample size when the network has random weights and is sufficiently wide. This study covers two widely used FIMs for regression with linear output and for classification with softmax output. Both FIMs asymptotically show pathological eigenvalue spectra in the sense that a small number of eigenvalues become large outliers depending on the width or sample size, while the others are much smaller. It implies that the local shape of the parameter space or loss landscape is very sharp in a few specific directions while almost flat in the other directions. In particular, the softmax output disperses the outliers and makes a tail of the eigenvalue density spread from the bulk. We also show that pathological spectra appear in other variants of FIMs: one is the neural tangent kernel; another is a metric for the input signal and feature space that arises from feedforward signal propagation. Thus, we provide a unified perspective on the FIM and its variants that will lead to more quantitative understanding of learning in large-scale DNNs.
Bridging M/EEG Source Imaging and Independent Component Analysis Frameworks Using Biologically Inspired Sparsity Priors
Authors: Ojeda Alejandro , Kreutz-Delgado Kenneth , Mishra Jyoti
Published: June 2021

Electromagnetic source imaging (ESI) and independent component analysis (ICA) are two popular and apparently dissimilar frameworks for M/EEG analysis. This letter shows that the two frameworks can be linked by choosing biologically inspired source sparsity priors. We demonstrate that ESI carried out by the sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) algorithm yields source configurations composed of a few active regions that are also maximally independent from one another. In addition, we extend the standard SBL approach to source imaging in two important directions. First, we augment the generative model of M/EEG to include artifactual sources. Second, we modify SBL to allow for efficient model inversion with sequential data. We refer to this new algorithm as recursive SBL (RSBL), a source estimation filter with potential for online and offline imaging applications. We use simulated data to verify that RSBL can accurately estimate and demix cortical and artifactual sources under different noise conditions. Finally, we show that on real error-related EEG data, RSBL can yield single-trial source estimates in agreement with the experimental literature. Overall, by demonstrating that ESI can produce maximally independent sources while simultaneously localizing them in cortical space, we bridge the gap between the ESI and ICA frameworks for M/EEG analysis.
Description of three new species of the leafhopper genus Idioscopus Baker, (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Eurymelinae) from Yunnan, China
Authors: WANG XIAN-YI , WANG JIA-JIA , ZHOU XIAO-LING , DAI REN-HUAI
Published: June 2021

Three new species of the leafhopper genus Idioscopus Baker, 1915 from China: I. furcaprocessus sp. nov., I. longiprocessus sp. nov., and I. serratastylus sp. nov. are described and photographed based on specimens collected in Yunnan Province of southern China. These three new species can be recognised mainly by the coloration and male genitalia.
Favorable Monsoon Environment over Eastern Africa for Subsequent Tropical Cyclogenesis of African Easterly Waves
Authors: Núñez Ocasio Kelly M. , Brammer Alan , Evans Jenni L. , Young George S. , Moon Zachary L.
Published: June 2021

Eastern Africa is a common region of African easterly wave (AEW) onset and AEW early life. How the large-scale environment over East Africa relates to the likelihood of an AEW subsequently undergoing tropical cyclogenesis in a climatology has not been documented. This study addresses the following hypothesis: AEWs that undergo tropical cyclogenesis (i.e., developing AEWs) initiate and propagate under a more favorable monsoon large-scale environment over eastern Africa when compared with nondeveloping AEWs. Using a 21-yr August–September (1990–2010) climatology of AEWs, differences in the large-scale environment between developers and nondevelopers are identified and are proposed to be used as key predictors of subsequent tropical cyclone (TC) formation and could inform tropical cyclogenesis prediction. TC precursors when compared with nondeveloping AEWs experience an anomalously active West African monsoon, stronger northerly flow, more intense zonal Somali jet, anomalous convergence over the Marrah Mountains (region of AEW forcing), and a more intense and elongated African easterly jet. These large-scale conditions are linked to near-trough attributes of developing AEWs that favor more moisture ingestion, vertically aligned circulation, a stronger initial 850-hPa vortex, a deeper wave pouch, and arguably more AEW and mesoscale convective systems interactions. AEWs that initiate over eastern Africa and cross the west coast of Africa are more likely to undergo tropical cyclogenesis than those initiating over central or West Africa. Developing AEWs are more likely than nondeveloping AEWs to be southern-track AEWs.
Circulation Around a Constrained Curve: An Alternative Analysis Tool for Diagnosing the Origins of Tornado Rotation in Numerical Supercell Simulations
Authors: DAVIES-JONES ROBERT , MARKOWSKI PAUL M.
Published: June 2021

Fine-resolution computer models of supercell storms generate realistic tornadic vortices. Like real tornadoes, the origins of these virtual vortices are mysterious. To diagnose the origin of a tornado, typically a near-ground material circuit is drawn around it. This circuit is then traced back in time using backward trajectories. The rate of change of the circulation around the circuit is equal to the total force circulation. This circulation theorem is used to deduce the origins of the tornado’s large vorticity. However, there is a well-known problem with this approach; with staggered grids parcel trajectories become uncertain as they dip into the layer next to the ground where horizontal wind cannot be interpolated.

To circumvent this dilemma, we obtain a generalized circulation theorem that pertains to any circuit. We apply this theorem either to moving circuits that are constrained to simple surfaces or to a ‘hybrid’ circuit defined next. LetAbe the horizontal surface at one grid spacing off the ground. AboveAthe circuit moves as a material circuit. Horizontal curve segments that move inAwith the horizontal wind replace segments of the material circuit that dip belowA. The circulation equation for the modified circuit includes the force circulation of the inertial force that is required to keep the curve segments horizontal. This term is easily evaluated onA.

Use of planar or circular circuits facilitates explanation of some simple flows. The hybrid-circuit method significantly improves the accuracy of the circulation budget in an idealized supercell simulation.
Fuzzy Logic Preanesthetic Risk Evaluation of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Operations
Authors: Sandal Baris , Hacioglu Yuksel , Salihoglu Ziya , Yagiz Nurkan
Published: June 2021

Background and Objective

Pre-operative risk classification of patients undergoing anesthesia is an essential interest and has been the focus of many research and categorizations. On the other hand, the ideal categorization system, based on medical doctors’ clinical experience and cooperation with other disciplines, has not been developed yet.

Methods

In this study, 218 consecutive patient undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy operations were included. A novel fuzzy logic evaluation model consisting of 270 rules was constructed. Five major (pulmonary, cardiac, diabetes mellitus and renal or liver disease) and three minor criteria (patientsʼ age, cigarette smoking and body mass index) were chosen to be used during high-risk groups determination.

Results

The verification of the success of risk value decision with the proposed novel fuzzy logic algorithm is the main goal of this study. On the other hand, though not essential aim, a statistical consistency check was also included to have a deeper understanding and evaluation of the graphical results. During the statistical analysis the 0-30%, 30-60% and 60-90% risk ranges were found to be in a very strong positive relationship with complication occurrence. In this study, 172, 31, 15 patients were in 0-30, 30-60 and 60-90% risk ranges, respectively. Complication rates were 7/172 (4.07%) in 0-30% range, 3/31 (9.68%) in 30-60% range; and 2/15 (13.33%) in 60-90% range.

Conclusions

Fuzzy based risk classification model was successfully used to predict medical results for patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy operations and reliable deductions were reached.
Economic Distress and Support for Radical Right Parties—Evidence From Sweden
Authors: Dehdari Sirus H.
Published: June 2021

This paper studies the effects of economic distress on support for radical right parties. Using Swedish election data, I show that one layoff notice among low-skilled native-born workers increases, on average, support for the Swedish radical right party the Sweden Democrats by 0.17–0.45 votes. The relationship between layoff notices and support for the Sweden Democrats is stronger in areas with a high share of low-skilled immigrants and in areas with a low share of high-skilled immigrants. These findings are in line with theories suggesting that economically distressed voters oppose immigration as they fear increased labor market competition. In addition, I use individual-level survey data to show that self-reported unemployment risk is positively associated with voting for the Sweden Democrats among low-skilled respondents while the opposite is true for high-skilled respondents, echoing the aggregate-level findings.
Differences between Students of Jewish and Arab Origin in Reasons for Deciding to Study
Authors: Guterman Oz , Gill Efrat
Published: June 2021

Academic studies play a central role in determining socioeconomic status in Western society. Nevertheless, most research had focused on factors of academic achievement and paid less attention to factors of actual registration for academic studies. Reasons for choosing to enrol in academic studies are particularly important for understanding majority and minority group differences in rates of registration for such studies and helping promote ethnic groups. The present research, conducted with undergraduate students in Israel, examined differences between students of Jewish and Arab origin in terms of their reasons for undertaking studies. First, qualitative interviews were held with 50 students from the two groups about their reasons for choosing to study. Based on thematic analysis of the interviews, a quantitative questionnaire was developed. It was administered to 367 students from the two groups. The data indicate several differences between the groups, but also reveal opposite directions of correlations in the two groups, corresponding with different family situations. Some possible explanations are suggested for the associations of the groups, family status, and reasons for studying, and the theoretical and methodological implications of these associations are discussed.
“It Doesn’t Matter Who Sees Them”: A Case Study of an Effective White Educator Working in a Multicultural Urban High School
Authors: DeRemer Chris
Published: June 2021

This instrumental case study research identifies the beliefs and behaviors of a highly effective white educator working in a multicultural urban school. By triangulating interviews, classroom observations and the analysis of artifacts provided by the teacher, this study identifies the essential beliefs and behaviors that make a white educator a highly effective practitioner and highly respected educator both within his school site and in the broader school community. The case study identifies that the educator’s ability to create safety, inclusion, consistency, and high expectations in his classroom functioned to connect him to a population of students who do not share his same racial or economic markers. The purpose of this case study is to identify the essential beliefs and behaviors of a white educator working in a multicultural urban high school in order to use his experience and practice as a way to educate and inform white educators seeking to work in diverse schools across the nation.
Low velocity impact response and damages of GFRP composite tubes under room and cryogenic temperatures
Authors: Kara Memduh , Arat Mustafa , Uyaner Mesut
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we have investigated the damages of glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) composite tubes under the effect of low-velocity impact (LVI) at cryogenic environment conditions and room temperature. A GFRP composite tube consists of 6 layered E-glass/epoxy samples with a ± 55° winding angle, which produced by the filament winding method. Composite tubes either at room temperature or conditioned by liquid nitrogen at different temperature values (273 K, 223 K, 173 K, and 77 K) were impacted at 5, 7.5, and 10 J. Also, force-time and force-displacement graphs were plotted. The damaged regions of the samples were scrutinized. The damage areas of the GFRP composite tubes were smaller as the temperature decreased. However, the energy absorbed at low-temperature conditions was slightly higher than that absorbed in room temperature. Besides, no micro-cracks developed in the composite tubes after cryogenic conditioning.
The Importance, Opportunities, and Challenges of Empirically Assessing Character for the Promotion of Flourishing
Authors: VanderWeele Tyler J.
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the importance of quantitative empirical character assessment for better understanding the formation of character and for promoting virtue and thereby also human flourishing. Attention is given to a number of challenges in developing character survey items along with criteria for evaluating items and examples of successes and failures in item development. Discussion is also given to future opportunities to include character assessments in large longitudinal cohort studies, to develop scalable character interventions, and to promote the formation of character through various communities.
Coping Strategies and Health-Seeking Behavior of Women With Infertility at Zamfara
Authors: Naab Florence , Lawali Yakubu , Donkor Ernestina
Published: June 2021

In Africa, the inability to bear children is a stressful situation that affects the self-worth of women socially and psychologically. As a result, women with infertility in Africa use different strategies to cope, which may influence their health-seeking behaviors. The purpose of this study was to explore the coping strategies and health-seeking behaviors of women with infertility in the Zamfara State of Nigeria. A qualitative approach using an exploratory descriptive design was used to obtain information relevant for the study. Twelve women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected using a purposive sampling technique. A semistructured interview guide was used to conduct in-depth individual interviews after the women consented to participate. Content analysis of the data was conducted. The findings suggest that the major coping strategies adopted by these women were religion, social support, child adoption, and distraction activities. In terms of health-seeking behavior, the women sought help for their infertility from both traditional medicine and orthodox treatment. However, they frequently withdrew from treatment or changed the health facility due to perceived reduction in benefits.
Rasch Analysis of the Proactive Personality Scale
Authors: Teye-Kwadjo Enoch , de Bruin Gideon P.
Published: June 2021

The Proactive Personality Scale (PPS) is used widely to measure proactive personality. Previous research has evaluated the psychometric properties of the 6-item PPS (hereafter called PPS-6) using classical test theory. There is a need to provide further validity evidence for the PPS-6 using modern test theory. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the PPS-6 using Rasch analysis. A total of 429 participants completed the PPS-6. Rasch rating scale model (RSM) was used to analyse the data. RSM showed that the PPS-6 fitted the Rasch model well. RSM demonstrated that the PPS-6 functioned as a unidimensional measure with good internal consistency reliability. Items on the PPS-6 did not show any noticeable differential item functioning across gender. RSM showed that the response rating scale of the PPS-6 is suitable. Results suggest that the PPS-6 is a reliable measure for the assessment of proactive personality.
Research on the longitudinal mechanical behaviours of subway turnouts of large slope under train braking force
Authors: Zeng Zhiping , Hu Ji , Tian Chunyu , Li Ping , Huang Xiangdong , Zhu Zhihui , Shuaibu Abdulmumin Ahmed
Published: June 2021

To study subway turnouts’ adaptability to steep gradients, a finite element model of a metro No. 9 simple turnout was established. The main works include: (1) The train’s most unfavourable loading condition was modelled. (2) The turnout’s longitudinal displacement and stress were analysed with different gradients under the train braking load, temperature change load and a combination of the two, to determine the structure’s safety and stability under the most unfavourable working conditions. (3) The turnout structure’s cumulative longitudinal deformation under reciprocating load was studied. Both a fastener longitudinal resistance-displacement experiment under reciprocating load and a numerical simulation of No. 9 turnout modelled by the finite element modelling software, ANSYS, were carried out to study the gradient’s influence on the turnout’s longitudinal mechanical characteristics. (1) The turnout’s longitudinal displacement and stress increase linearly with an increase in gradient and temperature change, both of which are unfavourable to the turnout structure. As the gradient increases from 0‰ to 30‰, the longitudinal stress and displacement increase by more than 10%. (2) The turnout’s rail strength and displacement on a 30‰ slope under the most unfavourable load conditions are within the specification limitations. (3) Under reciprocating load, the fastener longitudinal stiffness decreases and the maximum and residual longitudinal displacement of the switch rail increase; an increased gradient intensifies these effects on the turnout.
A Dependent Structure of Interdependence: Structure and Agency in Relational Perspective
Authors: Crossley Nick
Published: June 2021

In this article I argue for a relational approach to the agency–structure problem. Structure has three dimensions from this perspective but, at its most fundamental, it is a network comprising social actors (human and corporate) and the relations connecting them. Defined thus structure has measurable properties which generate both opportunities and constraints for actors and which shape processes, such as diffusion, which affect and implicate them. Agency is integral to this model. Actors are the nodes of the network and their relations are built, maintained, modified and broken by way of their interactions. However, I argue that the human organism only fully becomes a social actor by way of interaction. In effect, both agency and structure are emergent properties of social interactions/relations which act back upon and shape those interactions/relations. In addition to resolving theoretical problems this approach has the advantage of facilitating empirical analysis of structure.
Staying Tuned or Tuning Out? A Longitudinal Analysis of News-Avoiders on the Micro and Macro-Level
Authors: Gorski Lea C. , Thomas Fabian
Published: June 2021

European media landscapes have changed into high-choice environments. Additionally, research suggests an increasing number of people are staying away from the news (news-avoiders). In two studies, we approach the topic on the macro and micro-level. In Study 1, we analyze on the macro-level how news-avoiders in 18 EU countries have developed since the late 1980s and what role country variables play in this context. We use multilevel spline models to distinguish between two phases of technological advancement. Findings suggest an increase in news-avoiders in the phase when the Internet was available. The market share of public-service broadcasters is no discerning factor for the number of news-avoiders in different countries. Using German panel-data, Study 2 takes a closer look at the news-avoiders in the Internet phase. We also show the increase of news-avoiders on the micro-level, but do not identify an increasing impact of political interest on news avoidance over time.
Body Image Projection Bias in Heterosexual Romantic Relationships: A Dyadic Investigation
Authors: Hockey Allanah , Donovan Caroline L. , Christine Overall Nickola , Kate Barlow Fiona
Published: June 2021

Guided by projection bias perspectives, this article sought to advance understanding of the associations between body image and relationship and sexual satisfaction within heterosexual romantic relationships. Across two studies, both members of heterosexual dating and/or married couples reported on their body image, perceptions of partner’s attraction to the self, own attraction toward the partner, and relationship satisfaction. Study 2 also incorporated measures of participants’ body mass index (BMI) and sexual satisfaction. Across both studies, women with poorer body image perceived their partner to be less attracted to them (irrespective of their partner’s actual attraction to them, or how attracted they were to their partner), which in turn was associated with lower relationship and sexual satisfaction. For men, attraction to their partner was consistently associated with their own relationship satisfaction. Results demonstrate that projection biases are a possible mechanism through which body image is associated with romantic relationship and sexual satisfaction, and hint at the particular relevance of appearance-related projection biases for women’s relationship and sexual satisfaction.
Understanding Adverse Outcomes in Gulf Migration: Evidence from Administrative Data from Sri Lanka
Authors: Fernando Asanga Nilesh , Lodermeier Alison
Published: June 2021

For many in South Asia, international migration to the Gulf countries provides access to lucrative employment opportunities without domestic comparison. Yet higher wages in Gulf countries are often coupled with poor working conditions, employer malpractice, and abuse. We utilize a unique administrative dataset on Sri Lankan migrant workers and complaints made by them to Sri Lankan Consulates to analyze the prevalence of workplace abuse and employer malpractice along this complex supply chain. Our analysis reveals that Sri Lankan migrants are systematically exposed to fraud and abuse that can, in part, be attributed to factors specific to the local recruitment agency who placed them. Understanding why recruitment agencies systematically differ in the quality of their placements may inform regulatory policy aimed at reducing the risks faced by migrants in destination countries.
Subalternity as displacement: Memoirs of homelessness and the struggle to be heard
Authors: Speer Jessie
Published: June 2021

Building on the writings of homeless and formerly homeless memoirists from the United States and United Kingdom, this paper examines how the voices and ideas of those who experience homelessness are consistently removed from public debate and historical memory. While people without homes are discussed at length in journalistic and academic texts, their own voices are rarely at the center of such conversations. Memoirists argue that this exclusion is not passive or benign. They attest to persistent efforts to make their voices heard, even as newspapers, television stations, and other institutions of knowledge obstruct their efforts. In this way, homeless voices are actively and repeatedly displaced by the commentary of elite experts. Based on these insights, I engage with literature in geography and subaltern studies to advance a new understanding of subalternity as a process of epistemic displacement. Moving beyond deconstructive approaches to representation, I argue that challenging subalternity involves disseminating subaltern scholarship, journalism, and expertise to confront society's failure to listen.
Cortical cerebral microinfarcts on 7T MRI: Risk factors, neuroimaging correlates and cognitive functioning – The Medea-7T study
Authors: Zwartbol Maarten HT , Rissanen Ina , Ghaznawi Rashid , de Bresser Jeroen , Kuijf Hugo J , Blom Kim , Witkamp Theo D , Koek Huiberdina L , Biessels Geert Jan , Hendrikse Jeroen , Geerlings Mirjam I
Published: June 2021

We determined the occurrence and association of cortical cerebral microinfarcts (CMIs) at 7 T MRI with risk factors, neuroimaging markers of small and large vessel disease, and cognitive functioning. Within the Medea-7T study, a diverse cohort of older persons with normal cognition, patients with vascular disease, and memory clinic patients, we included 386 participants (68 ± 9 years) with available 7 T and 1.5 T/3T brain MRI, and risk factor and neuropsychological data. CMIs were found in 10% of participants and were associated with older age (RR = 1.79 per +10 years, 95%CI 1.28–2.50), history of stroke or TIA (RR = 4.03, 95%CI 2.18–7.43), cortical infarcts (RR = 5.28, 95%CI 2.91–9.55), lacunes (RR = 5.66, 95%CI 2.85–11.27), cerebellar infarcts (RR = 2.73, 95%CI 1.27–5.84) and decreased cerebral blood flow (RR = 1.35 per −100 ml/min, 95%CI 1.00–1.83), after adjustment for age and sex. Furthermore, participants with >2 CMIs had 0.5 SD (95%CI 0.05–0.91) lower global cognitive performance, compared to participants without CMIs. Our results indicate that CMIs on 7 T MRI are observed in vascular and memory clinic patients with similar frequency, and are associated with older age, history of stroke or TIA, other brain infarcts, and poorer global cognitive functioning.
Comparing differences and correlation between 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure and office blood pressure monitoring in patients with untreated hypertension
Authors: Zhang Zhenhong , Wang Shunyin , Yan Junru , Xu Zhiwen , Liang Dongliang , Liu Baohua , Liang Junjie , Chen Mingjie
Published: June 2021

Objective

We assessed differences and correlations between 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) and office blood pressure (OBP) monitoring.

Methods

We conducted an observational study among 85 untreated patients with essential hypertension and measured 24-hour ABP, OBP, target organ damage (TOD) markers, and metabolism indexes. Variance analysis and the Pearson method were used to compare differences and correlation between the two methods. The Spearman or Pearson method was applied to compare the correlation between TOD markers, blood pressure index, and metabolism index. Linear regression analysis was applied to estimate the quantitative relationship between the blood pressure index and TOD markers.

Results

There were significant differences in the mean and variance of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure and a positive correlation between ABP and OBP. Correlations between the left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and average ambulatory SBP, daytime ambulatory SBP, nighttime ambulatory SBP, and fasting blood glucose were significant. Correlations between left intima-media thickness (IMT) and average ambulatory SBP, nighttime ambulatory SBP, right IMT, and nighttime ambulatory SBP were significant. In linear regression analysis of the LVMI (y) and ambulatory SBP (x), the equation was expressed as y = 0.637*x.

Conclusion

Nighttime ambulatory SBP may be an optimal predictor of TOD.
Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio is correlated with levels of inflammatory markers and is significantly reduced by smoking cessation
Authors: Komiyama Maki , Ozaki Yuka , Miyazaki Yusuke , Katanasaka Yasufumi , Sunagawa Yoichi , Funamoto Masafumi , Shimizu Kana , Yamakage Hajime , Sato-Asahara Noriko , Yasoda Akihiro , Wada Hiromichi , Morimoto Tatsuya , Hasegawa Koji
Published: June 2021

Previous studies have reported that the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is associated with onset and prognosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Smoking is a major risk factor for CVD and smoking cessation significantly reduces CVD risk. However, the effects of smoking cessation on the NLR remain unknown. Among smokers visiting our smoking cessation clinics, we examined changes in the NLR and CVD biomarkers before and after smoking cessation. A total of 389 individuals (301 men and 88 women) were enrolled in the study. The median NLR was significantly reduced after successful smoking cessation (before: 1.8, interquartile range [IQR] 1.5, 2.5; after: 1.7, IQR 1.3, 2.4). In a linear regression model adjusted for sex, percent change in NLR comparing before and after smoking cessation was significantly and positively correlated with percent changes in C-reactive protein (β = 0.260), α1-antitrypsin-low density lipoprotein (β = 0.151, p < 0.05), and serum amyloid A-low density lipoprotein (β = 0.325). Our study demonstrated for the first time that smoking cessation significantly reduces the NLR in tandem with markers of inflammation and oxidative stress.
Two methods of extracorporeal shock-wave therapy in a rat model of secondary lymphedema: a pilot study
Authors: Cho Hee Kyung , Sung Woo Jung , Lee Youn Ju , Kwak Sang Gyu , Kim Kang Lip
Published: June 2021

Objectives

To compare the effectiveness of two methods of extracorporeal shock-wave therapy (ESWT) in a rat model of forelimb lymphedema, induced by axillary lymph node dissection.

Methods

Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly allocated to a group that received 500 ESWT shocks only in the lymphedematous forelimb (Forelimb/ESWT) and a group that received 300 ESWT shocks in the axilla and 200 shocks in the lymphedematous forelimb (Axilla+Forelimb/ESWT). The circumferences of each limb were then measured. Immunohistochemistry for a pan-endothelial marker (cluster of differentiation [CD]31) and lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1, and western blot analysis for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR3) and VEGF-C were performed.

Results

The circumferences of the limbs showed significant effects of group and time following surgery. The circumferences at the carpal joint and 2.5 cm above were smallest in the naïve limbs, larger in the Axilla+Forelimb/ESWT group, and the largest in the control group. VEGFR3 tended to be expressed at a higher level in the Axilla+Forelimb/ESWT group (1.96-fold) than in the Forelimb/ESWT group (1.20-fold) versus the opposite non-edematous forelimbs, although this difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusions

These data suggest that ESWT protocols have differential effects on angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in lymphedematous limbs.
Walking with Youth in Los Platanitos: Learning Mobilities, Youth Inclusion, and Co-production in International Planning Studios
Authors: Sletto Bjørn , Vasudevan Raksha
Published: June 2021

This article examines the role of mobile spaces to foster trans-disciplinary learning in international planning studios. Drawing from Indigenous ontologies and critical pedagogy, we suggest that walking and learning together between students and partners is critical to situated understandings of power and co-production of knowledge. We reflect on two years of studio courses in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, to illustrate three different modalities of walking-learning spaces, each of which have different learning outcomes for students and youth participants. We find that mobile “third” spaces enable students to traverse social, geographic, and epistemological boundaries, while allowing youth’s planning priorities to emerge.
A Glint of Lights in the Fog: Invisible Cities and the Riddles of Planning Practice
Authors: Colucci Dalila , Sacco Pier Luigi
Published: June 2021

This paper examines Italo Calvino’s Invisible Cities as a unique literary canvas to reformulate the relationship between narratives and planning practices. It does so from the vantage point of the Frame, namely, the dialogues between the Khan (the planner) and Marco Polo (the resident/traveler) punctuating the imaginary cities described in the book. Read through with the aid of narratological concepts, the Frame functions a mini-treatise on urban complexity, structured along nine dyads of oppositional concepts (e.g., chaos vs. meaning; reality vs. possibility), which call into question as many planning milestones (e.g., control, purpose, model, balance), fostering an original reflection on the limitations and potentials of planning practices.
Performance and mechanisms of different tribological thermoplastic composites in sliding contact with steel
Authors: Schlarb Alois K , Ecke Nicholas , Kamerling Sebastian , Zhao Yuxiao , Lin Leyu
Published: June 2021

Polyetheretherketone-based tribological materials are nowadays firmly established in a wide variety of technical applications. In parallel, numerous publications on the improvement of tribologically usable PEEK materials by means of different fillers have been presented from academic research. This paper shows, using five tribological PEEK compounds provided by industry as examples, a comparative evaluation in a wide pv range in sliding contact against steel. Using a special test technique, so-called load increase tests, characteristic parameters such as the coefficient of friction in the stationary friction phase and the integral wear are determined and the wear manifestations are investigated. Element analyses lead to the conclusion that, beyond the addition of carbon fibers and solid lubricants, the best tribological properties can be achieved by adding a wide variety of inorganic fillers.
Stay or Leave? The Role of Career Adaptability and Organizational Embeddedness for Turnover Intentions
Authors: Orie Sieraadj , Semeijn Judith H.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between career adaptability (CA) and organizational embeddedness (OE) and organizational and occupational turnover intention among employees in the Netherlands. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to examine survey data obtained from 173 employees with various occupations, who worked for (semi-)public and private organizations in the Netherlands. The variable measuring CA did not contribute to explaining organizational or occupational turnover intention. The variable measuring OE contributed to explaining organizational and, to a lesser extent, occupational turnover intention. In addition, for moderately to higher embedded workers, the odds of organizational turnover increased when they had higher CA. Our results suggest that the fostering of CA, in general, does not influence the likelihood of workers making transitions. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Engaging the Community in Designing a Hepatitis C Virus Treatment Program for Adults Experiencing Homelessness
Authors: Nyamathi Adeline M. , Wall Sarah Akure , Yadav Kartik , Shin Sanghyuk S. , Chang Alicia , Arce Nicholas , Cuellar Helena , Fernando Shannon , White Kathryn , Gelberg Lillian , Salem Benissa E.
Published: June 2021

Despite the availability of cure for hepatitis C virus (HCV), people experiencing homelessness (PEH) are challenged with initiating and completing HCV treatment. The design of culturally sensitive HCV treatment programs is lacking. The objective was to employ community-based participatory research methods to understand perceptions of HCV-positive PEH, and providers, on the design and delivery of a culturally sensitive, nurse-led community health worker (RN/CHW) HCV initiation and completion program. Four focus group sessions were conducted with HCV-positive PEH ( n = 30) as well as homeless service providers (HSP; n = 7) in Skid Row, Los Angeles. An iterative, thematic approach provided the themes of essentials of successful participant engagement and retention: Role of nurse-Led CHW in promoting: (a) tangible and emotional support; (b) cognitive and behavioral support; and (c) financial and structural resources. The goal of this study is to provide the groundwork for future research of HCV program design to support HCV cure among homeless populations.
The Phenomenology of the Body After 85 Years
Authors: van Rhyn Brianne , Barwick Alex , Donelly Michelle
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to describe the phenomenology of the body after 85 years, addressing the following question: What is the experience of the body at this age? Within the paradigm of existential phenomenology, this study was philosophically and methodologically underpinned by embodiment theory, positioning the body as the starting point for the exploration of lived experience. In-depth interviews with 20 purposively selected individuals were analyzed using van Manen’s context-sensitive phenomenological orientation. Findings indicated that the body was experienced primarily in negative terms, as compromising engagement in meaningful activity, independence, safety, vitality, dignity, and identity. Participants coped with bodily changes through adaptation, humor, and acceptance. In addition, participants viewed their unreliable and at times unfamiliar body, as distinct from their sense of self. This research addresses the current lack of subjective accounts of bodily and embodied experiences in this group, combating assumptive views and contributing insightful understanding.
Empowering People to Make Healthier Choices: A Critical Discourse Analysis of the Tackling Obesity Policy
Authors: Brookes Gavin
Published: June 2021

In response to the heightened risk that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses to the health and lives of people with obesity, in 2020 the U.K. government launched a new package of policies intended to stimulate weight loss among the country’s population. In this article, I present a critical discourse analysis of the policy paper which announced these new measures. I identify the discourses that are used to represent things, people, and processes in this policy text. These discourses are interpreted in terms of broadly neoliberal ideologies of public health management. Taken together, the discourses identified contribute to a broadly neoliberal ideology of public health management. It is argued that the policy paper represents an instance of “lifestyle drift,” as it initially appears to engage with social and economic determinants of health but ultimately neglects these in favor of focusing on individual lifestyle factors, particularly in the shape of individuals’ “choices.”
Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review for Pharmacists
Authors: Patel Dhiren , Busch Robert
Published: June 2021

Background:

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. While use of statin therapy has improved management of lipids, an unmet need in reducing residual atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk and ischemic events persists. We provide an overview of the pharmacology of omega-3 fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acid cardiovascular outcomes trials, landmark clinical data and pharmacology of icosapent ethyl (a stable and highly purified ethyl ester of eicosapentaenoic acid), and the critical differences between fish oil supplements and prescription omega-3 fatty acids.

Method:

A PubMed literature review was conducted in April 2020 to identify articles discussing omega-3 fatty acid cardiovascular outcomes trials, pharmacology of icosapent ethyl, and the evaluation of fish oil dietary supplements and prescription omega-3 fatty acids.

Results:

Both eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid have been widely associated with positive health benefits; however, data are inconsistent regarding the benefit of combination eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in patients with cardiovascular disease. Eicosapentaenoic acid, and specifically icosapent ethyl, has demonstrated atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk reduction among statin-treated patients. Important clinical differences exist between dietary supplement and prescription omega-3 fatty acid products.

Conclusions:

As research regarding the optimal management of dyslipidemia continues, additional therapy beyond statins is necessary to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk. In large cardiovascular outcomes trials, eicosapentaenoic acid has demonstrated cardiovascular benefit. Icosapent ethyl possesses a favorable efficacy and safety profile and should be considered as an adjunct to statin therapy to reduce ischemic event risk.
Effects of a Novel Oral Testosterone Undecanoate on Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Hypogonadal Men
Authors: White William B. , Dobs Adrian , Carson Culley , DelConte Anthony , Khera Mohit , Miner Martin , Shahid Muhammad , Kim Kilyoung , Chidambaram Nachiappan
Published: June 2021

Background:

Testosterone replacement therapies may increase blood pressure (BP) with chronic use but the mechanism is not clear. TLANDO™ is a new oral testosterone undecanoate (TU) under development for the treatment of male hypogonadism.

Methods:

We studied the effects of the TU at 225 mg twice daily on ambulatory BP (ABP) and heart rate, in 138 men with hypogonadism (mean age, 54 years, 79% white, 48% with hypertension). Ambulatory BP and heart rate and hematologic assessments were obtained at baseline and following 4-months of therapy.

Results:

Changes from baseline in ambulatory 24-hour, awake, and sleep systolic BP (SBP) of 3.8 ( P < 0.001), 5.2 ( P < 0.001), and 4.3 mmHg ( P = 0.004) were observed post-treatment, respectively. Lesser changes in the diastolic BP (DBP) were observed (1.2 ( P = 0.009), 1.7 ( P = 0.004), and 1.7 mmHg ( P = 0.011) for 24-hour, awake, and sleep, respectively). Hematocrit and hemoglobin were increased by 3.2% and 0.9 g/dL ( P < 0.001), respectively. In those men in the top quartile of changes in hematocrit (range of 6% to 14%), the largest increases in ambulatory SBP (mean, 8.3 mmHg) were observed, whereas the changes in ambulatory SBP in the lower 3 quartiles were smaller (mean, 1.9, 3.3, and 2.1 mmHg in 1st, 2nd and 3 rd quartiles, respectively).

Conclusion:

These data demonstrate that small increases in ABP occurred following 4 months of the oral TU. For those men whose hematocrit rose by >6%, BP increases were of greater clinical relevance. Hence, hematocrit may aid in predicting the development of BP increases on testosterone therapy.

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:

NCT 03868059.
Gastric diverticula in six cats: a case series (2011–2020)
Authors: Bahlmann Kaitlin N , Bailey Steven J , Brooks Toni S
Published: June 2021

Case series summary

Gastric diverticulum (GD) is a rare condition that is described adequately in humans but has not been reported in cats. This case series describes six cats with GD, including three that were published in a previous abstract. All cats presented for a variety of gastrointestinal disorders, including chronic vomiting, weight loss and anorexia, and underwent negative contrast radiography to diagnose GD. All but one cat underwent surgical resection of the GD via partial gastrectomy, while the remaining cat was euthanized. Resection of the GD was associated with reduction of reported clinical signs.

Relevance and novel information

Gastric diverticula have never been reported in the cat. Negative contrast radiography appears to be a superior imaging technique in the diagnosis of feline GD. In cats with a vague chronic history, including vomiting, anorexia and weight loss, GD should be considered among the differential diagnoses. Further study and more cases need to be identified to better assess clinical problems referable to GD in the absence of other comorbidities. Maine Coon cats with GD appear to be over-represented.