bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TLC-Direct Bioautography for Determination of Antibacterial Activity of Artemisia adamsii Essential Oil
Authors: Horváth Györgyi , Ács Kamilla , Kocsis Béla
Published: November 2013

The aim of the present study was the chemical characterization of the essential oil of a Mongolian medicinal plant, Artemisia adamsii Besser, and the investigation of the antibacterial effect of its oil on different human pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, and S. epidermidis). The chemical composition of the oil was established by GC and GC/MS. Direct bioautography was used for detecting the antibacterial activity of the essential oil. The result of GC experiments showed that α-thujone was the main component (64.4%) of the oil, while the amount of β-thujone was 7.1%. 1,8-Cineole seemed to be the other relevant component (15.2%). The antibacterial activity of the A. adamsii essential oil against all three investigated bacteria was observed in the bioautographic system, but this effect was not proportional to the concentrations of α- or β-thujone; therefore, from a microbiological aspect, thujone content does not determine the medicinal value of this oil. On the whole, the combination of TLC separation with biological detection is an appropriate method for evaluating multicomponent and hydrophobic plant extracts, for instance, essential oils, and it provides more reliable results than traditional microbiological methods (e. g., disc diffusion and agar plate techniques).
BioArena System for Knowing and Understanding the Biological World: A Review with New Experimental Results
Authors: Tyihák Ernő , Móricz Ágnes M , Ott Péter G , Király-Véghely Zsuzsa , Kátay György , Mincsovics Emil
Published: November 2013

A simple observation is the basis of the development of BioArena system: according to the first observations during the biological incubation after inoculation there is formaldehyde (HCHO) emission from the chromatographic spots; in this emission process, the level of HCHO molecules decreases time dependently. In fact, the antibiotic effect of an antibiotic-like compound decreases in parallel with the HCHO emission. The investigations demonstrated clearly a unique function and role of endogenous HCHO and its one main reaction product, ozone (O3), in the antiproliferative (e.g., antimicrobial) effect of different molecules with diverse chemical structures. The results in BioArena can be extended for in vivo conditions (e.g., greenhouse experiments), as well. For the pretreatment with different doses of inducers (immunostimulation-inducing molecules) there are always four bioequivalent immunostimulating response ranges (quadruple bioequivalent immune response system) in plants. The inducers (e.g., N-methylated basic amino acids, salicylic acid, cinnamic acid, and trace elements) do not participate directly in the induction of the immunostimulating effect. These new findings support a statement that HCHO and its reaction products (mainly O3), as bioreactive small molecules, are responsible for the immunostimulating activity (in vivo conditions), as well.
Comparison of Classic and International Society of Urological Pathology 2005 Modified Gleason Grading Using Needle Biopsies From the Reduction by Dutasteride of Prostate Cancer Events (REDUCE) Trial
Authors: Lucia M. Scott , Bostwick David G. , Somerville Matthew C. , Fowler Ivy L. , Rittmaster Roger S.
Published: November 2013

Context.—Use of the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) 2005 modified Gleason score may result in higher scores compared with the classic Gleason scoring system.

Objective.—To compare scores derived using the 2 scoring systems.

Design.—On-study and for-cause biopsies were centrally reviewed and assigned a classic Gleason score in the Reduction by Dutasteride of prostate Cancer Events trial. Positive biopsies were reviewed by an independent pathologist in a secondary review using the ISUP 2005 modified Gleason score. The independent pathologist also recorded a classic Gleason score.

Results.—In total, 1482/1507 (98%) positive biopsy results were independently reviewed. Scores assigned by the 2 pathologists (classic versus modified) agreed in 83% (1230 of 1481) of cases; 99% (1471 of 1481) of cancers were within ±1 of their previous score. Of discordant cases, similar numbers of biopsies were upgraded and downgraded in the secondary review, with minor differences in the score distributions. Interobserver agreement was good, with κ values ranging from 0.62 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56–0.67) to 0.70 (95% CI, 0.65–0.76). The overall number of high-grade tumors (Gleason score 8–10; n = 48) remained constant between reviews, with 3 fewer cases in the placebo group (n = 16) and 3 more in the dutasteride group (n = 32) in the secondary review. When comparing the independent pathologist's modified scores versus the classic, 17 of 1481 cancers (1.1%) were upgraded (including 9 of 17 upgrades [53%] to high-grade tumors).

Conclusions.—This analysis showed similar score distributions between the classic and modified Gleason scoring systems. The differences seen between the 2 pathologists' scores likely reflect differences in interpretation rather than the scoring system chosen.
Lymphangioma of the Palatine Tonsil
Authors: Mardekian Stacey , Karp Julie Katz
Published: November 2013

Lymphangioma of the palatine tonsil is a rare, benign lesion that presents as a tonsillar outgrowth and causes symptoms related to irritation and airway obstruction. Histologically, the mass has abundant dilated lymphatic channels amid a fibrous stroma with lymphoid and adipose elements. There are several theories regarding the pathogenesis of these lesions, and the appropriate diagnostic classification is controversial. Because a lymphangioma may resemble a true neoplasm of the palatine tonsil clinically, the lesion must be removed for accurate histologic diagnosis and to rule out malignancy. Lymphangioma of the palatine tonsil is treated with surgical excision and has no recurrence once completely resected.
High Expression of H3K9me3 Is a Strong Predictor of Poor Survival in Patients With Salivary Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Authors: Xia Ronghui , Zhou Rongrui , Tian Zhen , Zhang Chunye , Wang Lizhen , Hu Yuhua , Han Jing , Li Jiang
Published: November 2013

Context.—Histone methylation and acetylation play important roles in the carcinogenesis and progression of cancer.

Objective.—To investigate whether histone modifications influence the prognosis of patients with salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC).

Design.—The expression of histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) and histone H3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9Ac) was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 66 specimens of primary ACC. Tests were used to determine the presence of any correlation between H3K9me3 and H3K9Ac levels and clinicopathologic parameters. Log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze the survival data.

Results.—H3K9me3 expression was positively correlated with solid pattern tumors (P = .002) and distant metastasis (P = .001). Solid pattern tumors had lower H3K9Ac expression levels than cribriform-tubular pattern tumors (P = .03). Patients whose tumors showed high H3K9me3 expression and a solid pattern had a significantly poorer overall survival (OS) (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively) and disease-free survival (P < .001 and P = .01, respectively). Low H3K9Ac expression was correlated with poor OS (P = .05). The multivariate analysis indicated that high levels of H3K9me3 expression and solid pattern tumors were independent prognostic factors that significantly influenced OS (P = .004 and P = .04, respectively). H3K9me3 expression was identified as the only independent predictor of disease-free survival (P = .006).

Conclusions.—Our results suggest that high levels of H3K9me3 expression are predictive of rapid cell proliferation and distant metastasis in ACC. Compared with histologic patterns, H3K9me3 might be a better predictive biomarker for the prognosis of patients with salivary ACC.
Tumor-to-Tumor Metastasis With Endometrial Carcinoma Metastatic to Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Vulva: The First Reported Case
Authors: Wimmer Jana L. , Coffey Donna M. , Kaplan Alan L. , Ayala Alberto G. , Ro Jae Y.
Published: November 2013

Endometrial carcinoma metastasizing to the vulva is a rare occurrence, with only 15 reported cases in the literature. To our knowledge, no cases of tumor-to-tumor metastasis involving endometrial carcinoma as a donor tumor have ever been published. We report the first case of an endometrial carcinoma as a donor tumor metastasizing to a squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva, a recipient tumor. A 79-year-old woman with a history of endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus presented with a vulvar lesion. Pathologic examination of the excised lesion confirmed the presence of metastatic endometrioid adenocarcinoma; however, it was found within a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. Surrounding the squamous cell carcinoma was a background of a high-grade vulvar intraepithelial lesion (vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia 3), and immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of 2 separate tumors involved in a tumor-to-tumor metastasis. This unique case highlights the importance of awareness of the phenomenon, and expands the current spectrum of tumor-to-tumor metastases.
Reducing False-Negative and False-Positive Diagnoses in Anatomic Pathology Consultation Material
Authors: Renshaw Andrew A. , Gould Edwin W.
Published: November 2013

Context.—Previous studies have shown that there are disagreements in interlaboratory consultation, including false-negative and false-positive diagnoses. To date, methods to reduce false-negative and false-positive diagnoses have been poorly documented.

Objective.—To identify features associated with false-negative and false-positive diagnoses in anatomic pathology.

Design.—We reviewed the results of interlaboratory consultation in our institution during a 9-year period. For false-negative and false-positive diagnoses, methods that might have prevented the error were identified.

Results.—Disagreements were identified in 810 of 8082 consults (10%). Fifty-four false-negative cases (0.7% of all consults) and 27 false-positive cases (0.3%) were identified. False-negative cases were more common in breast (20 of 1131; 1.8%), genitourinary (16 of 970; 1.7%), hematologic (3 of 242; 1.3%), and cytology (3 of 404; 0.8%) than in all other sites combined (P < .001); no significant difference in sites were identified for false-positive cases. Overall, there was no difference in the percentage of cases that were reviewed by more than one pathologist in either false-negative cases (109 of 810; 13.5%) or false-positive cases (135 of 810; 16.7%), compared with all other consults (858 of 7272; 11.8%) (P = .74 and .59, respectively). However, on review, 12 of all 27 false-positive cases (44%) might have been prevented by the use of immunohistochemistry alone, and 36 of all 54 false-negative cases (67%) might have been prevented by the use of a second review; special stains, including immunohistochemistry; additional levels; changes in processing; and hedges.

Conclusion.—Approximately one-half of false-negative and false-positive cases (48 of 81; 59%) might be preventable by the use of a combination of pathologic methods.
Análise de lineamentos na exploração mineral: aplicação no sudeste paulista
Authors: Pressinotti Paulo Cesar , Hasui Yociteru , Silva Rubens Borges da , Stefani Fausto Luís , Trindade Maurício , Costa Mario Otávio
Published: November 2013

Com o objetivo de selecionar áreas-alvo potencialmente favoráveis a hospedarem mineralizações de Sn e W associadas espacial e geneticamente a plutonismo ácido, levando-se em consideração a forte associação existente entre estas mineralizações e fraturamento (lato sensu), foi realizada uma análise dos lineamentos extraídos de imagens de satélite e radar, para a região sudeste do Estado de São Paulo. Esta análise teve por finalidade caracterizar: a) áreas intensamente fraturadas; b) áreas com padrão de fraturamento de azimute distinto dos de cunho regional; e c) feixes de fraturas de ocorrência regional. Os resultados obtidos foram integrados com dados geológicos e geofísicos, permitindo a seleção de inúmeras áreas-alvo, as quais vêm sendo objeto de levantamento geológico e geoquímico. Como conseqüência, descobriram-se novos corpos graníticos não-foliados, intrusivos, discordantes e evoluídos, bem como produções de alteração metassomática (graisens) em áreas intensamente fraturadas e associados a esses corpos. Além disso, os estudos efetuados apontaram para o sudeste paulista um modelo de descontinuidades lineares reativadas em períodos de instabilidade tectônica.
A plan to clear energetic protons from the radiation belt
Authors: Schultz Colin
Published: November 2013

The Earth's radiation belts have been a known hazard to satellites since at least 1962, when an American high‐altitude nuclear weapons test named Starfish Prime produced an artificial belt that disabled the first commercial communications satellite, TelStar 1. In the years since the Cold War, thousands of satellites have been put into orbit, and surface charging, high‐energy protons, high‐energy electrons known as “killer electrons,” and other hazards of the inner magnetosphere have continued to take their toll. Satellites can be hardened against these radiation hazards, but some researchers have recently floated a more radical idea: If specially designed transmitters are put into space and set to emit tightly tuned waves, known as electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves, they could potentially push the highly energetic protons out of the Earth's inner radiation belt, clearing the satellite's path.
Z‐mode maser instability
Authors: Yi Sibaek , Lee Sang‐Yun , Kim Hee‐Eun , Lim Dayeh , Seough Jungjoon , Yoon P. H. , Broughton M. C. , LaBelle J.
Published: November 2013

Although the cyclotron maser instability customarily involves the extraordinary (X) and ordinary (O) fast transverse electromagnetic wave modes, which directly escape and propagate long distances from the source region, the instability also excites the Z mode for a wide range of parameters. Even though Z mode is a nonescaping mode, it may convert to O mode in an inhomogeneous medium and be detected by remote means. This process is believed to explain radio emissions near cyclotron harmonics emitted both upward and downward from Earth's auroral ionosphere, as well as analogous emissions detected near Saturn. A more general analysis of the electron loss cone driven Z‐mode maser instability than previously reported reveals that for certain plasma‐to‐cyclotron‐frequency ratios, the unstable waves split into broadband and narrowband ranges of unstable modes and that these two bands are characterized by distinct polarizations. In previous studies of the Z‐mode maser, the maximum growth rate was considered without distinguishing the two bands. Although the maximum temporal growth rate sometimes corresponds to the narrowband feature, the broadband feature with a significant O‐mode‐like polarization may be of importance, since it can more easily convert to an escaping radiation. This paper presents analysis of maximum growth rates, wave propagation angles, and wave frequencies for the two band features of the loss cone driven Z‐mode maser instability as a function of the ratio of plasma‐to‐electron cyclotron frequency. The results are relevant to auroral radio emission phenomena, especially those observed near cyclotron harmonics at both Earth and Saturn.
Exploring fractionation models for Martian magmas
Authors: Udry Arya , Balta J. Brian , McSween Harry Y.
Published: November 2013

Martian primary compositions, i.e., magmas that did not experience fractionation and/or contamination after extraction from the mantle, occur as a subset of Martian meteorites and a few lavas analyzed on the planet's surface by rovers. Eruptions of primary magmas are rare on Earth and presumably on Mars. Previous studies of fractional crystallization of Martian primary magmas have been conducted under isobaric conditions, simulating idealized crystallization in magma chambers. Polybaric fractionation, which occurs during magma ascent, has not been investigated in detail for Martian magmas. Using the MELTS algorithm and the pMELTS revision, we present comprehensive isobaric and polybaric thermodynamic calculations of the fractional crystallization of four primary or parental Martian magmas (Humphrey, Fastball, Y‐980459 shergottite, and nakhlite parental melts) using various pressure‐temperature paths, oxygen fugacities, and water contents to constrain how these magmas might evolve. We then examine whether known Martian alkaline rock compositions could have formed through fractional crystallization of these magmas under the simulated conditions. We find that isobaric and polybaric crystallization paths produce similar residual melt compositions, but given sufficient details, we may be able to distinguish between them. We calculate that Backstay (Gusev Crater) likely formed by fractionation of a primary magma under polybaric conditions, while Jake_M (Gale Crater) may have formed through melting of a metasomatized mantle, crustal assimilation, or fractional crystallization of an unknown primary magma. The best fits for the Backstay composition indicate that consideration of polybaric crystallization paths can help improve the quality of fit when simulating liquid lines of descent.
Application of the MELTS algorithm to Martian compositions and implications for magma crystallization
Authors: Balta J. Brian , McSween Harry Y.
Published: November 2013

The MELTS algorithm, the most commonly used tool for calculating crystallization of basaltic magmas, uses thermodynamic parameters calibrated by experiments on select compositions, and thus, its use on newly discovered extraterrestrial compositions requires extrapolation across ranges where its applicability has not been evaluated in detail. To apply MELTS to Martian compositions, we undertook a systematic examination of the original MELTS calibration and the pMELTS revision as applied to Martian magmas. We find that the algorithm is effective in predicting the crystallization paths and conditions of Martian magmas, with some issues. The algorithm consistently overestimates the stability of spinel and underestimates pressures of multiple saturation compared to experiments. The pMELTS calibration comes close to fitting multiple‐saturation pressures but cannot be used at low pressures. Both calibrations model crystallization temperatures with similar variances to those observed for terrestrial compositions. Both calibrations reproduce important compositional details of crystallizing magmas and coexisting minerals with errors similar to those observed on terrestrial compositions. We calculate several crystallization paths which predict high‐FeO, high‐density magma compositions that could be a mechanism for cumulate formation. Low‐FeO compositions in recent Mars volcanism may be an expression of this density barrier. However, the composition of a high‐FeO rock called “Et‐Then” discovered by the rover Curiosity is strikingly similar to compositions calculated by the MELTS algorithm and could represent one of these high‐FeO volcanic rocks.
Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Serpentine Microstructures Bonded To Prestrained Elastomers for Stretchable Electronics
Authors: Zhang Yihui , Wang Shuodao , Li Xuetong , Fan Jonathan A. , Xu Sheng , Song Young Min , Choi Ki‐Joong , Yeo Woon‐Hong , Lee Woosik , Nazaar Sharaf Nafees , Lu Bingwei , Yin Lan , Hwang Keh‐Chih , Rogers John A. , Huang Yonggang
Published: November 2013

Stretchable electronic devices that exploit inorganic materials are attractive due to their combination of high performance with mechanical deformability, particularly for applications in biomedical devices that require intimate integration with human body. Several mechanics and materials schemes have been devised for this type of technology, many of which exploit deformable interconnects. When such interconnects are fully bonded to the substrate and/or encapsulated in a solid material, useful but modest levels of deformation (<30–40%) are possible, with reversible and repeatable mechanics. Here, the use of prestrain in the substrate is introduced, together with interconnects in narrow, serpentine shapes, to yield significantly enhanced (more than two times) stretchability, to more than 100%. Fracture and cyclic fatigue testing on structures formed with and without prestrain quantitatively demonstrate the possible enhancements. Finite element analyses (FEA) illustrates the effects of various material and geometric parameters. A drastic decrease in the elastic stretchability is observed with increasing metal thickness, due to changes in the buckling mode, that is, from local wrinkling at small thicknesses to absence of such wrinkling at large thicknesses, as revealed by experiment. An analytic model quantitatively predicts the wavelength of this wrinkling, and explains the thickness dependence of the buckling behaviors.
Synthesis of Polythiophene/Sb2O3 Nanocomposite Using Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate for the Removal of Pb (ІІ)
Authors: Khalili Reza , Shabanpour Fatemeh , Eisazadeh Hossein
Published: November 2013

Polythiophene–dodecylbenzenesulfonate/antimon oxide nanocomposite was synthesized via in situ chemical oxidative polymerization method at room temperature in aqueous media, and its capability for the removal of lead ions from aqueous solution was studied. Product was characterized by Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that the Sb2O3 and dodecylbenzenesulfonate influence the properties of products. Batch studied were done to estimate the influence of pH, contact time, and initial concentration of Pb (ІІ) on the removal of Pb (ІІ). The optimum conditions of sorption were: pH 3, contact time 30 min, and initial concentration of Pb (II) 50 mg/L. The Langmuir and Freundlich equations were subjected to sorption data to estimate the sorption capacity. It was also found that the equilibrium adsorption isotherm was better described by Freundlich adsorption isotherm model. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Technol 2014, 33, 21389; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21389
Five‐degree, 10‐degree, and 20‐degree reverse Trendelenburg position during functional endoscopic sinus surgery: a double‐blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gan Eng Cern , Habib Al‐Rahim R. , Rajwani Alykhan , Javer Amin R.
Published: November 2013

Background

Using the reverse Trendelenburg position (RTP) during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is a safe, simple, and cost‐free method that has been found to reduce intraoperative blood loss. However, the critical angle of RTP that produces the least amount of bleeding without compromising surgical technique and safety remains unanswered. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of 5‐degree, 10‐degree, and 20‐degree RTP (5‐RTP, 10‐RTP, and 20‐RTP, respectively) on intraoperative bleeding during FESS.

Methods

This double‐blind randomized controlled trial involved 75 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with and without nasal polyposis undergoing FESS. Twenty‐five patients were enrolled into each group: 5‐RTP, 10‐RTP, and 20‐RTP. Boezaart endoscopic field‐of‐view score (BS), total blood loss (TBL), mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), operating time, and blood loss per minute were recorded. An intention‐to‐treat analysis was used, with a Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons.

Results

Intervention groups were comparable in age, sex, nasal polyposis, and disease severity. Mean values of BS and TBL were as follows: 5‐RTP (2.0, 231 mL), 10‐RTP (1.8, 230 mL), and 20‐RTP (1.4, 135 mL). The differences in means were significant for BS (p < 0.01) and TBL (p = 0.03). There was no significant difference in MABP (p = 0.85), operating time (p = 0.10), or blood loss per minute (p = 0.11) between the 3 groups. Pairwise comparison between 5‐RTP vs 20‐RTP found significant difference in BS (p < 0.01) but not TBL (p = 0.04). Significance was not found in similar comparisons of 10‐RTP vs 20‐RTP and 5‐RTP vs 10‐RTP (p > 0.03).

Conclusion

FESS in 20‐RTP produced the best BS and lowest blood loss without compromising surgical technique.
Photostabilität von 4,4′‐Dihydroxythioindigo: ein Mimetikum des Indigo
Authors: Dittmann Marc , Graupner Franziska F. , Maerz Benjamin , Oesterling Sven , de Vivie‐Riedle Regina , Zinth Wolfgang , Engelhard Martin , Lüttke Wolfgang
Published: November 2013

Die photochemischen Eigenschaften des Indigo, eines weit verbreiteten industriellen Produkts, haben von Anfang an das Interesse von Wissenschaftlern geweckt. Die Photostabilität von Indigo war Gegenstand intensiver Forschungen. In neuerer Zeit wurde vorgeschlagen, dass nach Photoanregung ein intramolekularer Protonentransfer auftritt, der gefolgt von einem nichtstrahlenden Relaxationsprozess zurück in den Grundzustand zur hohen Photostabilität führt. In Indigo treten Wasserstoffbrücken und der Protonentransfer zwischen gegenüberliegenden Hemiindigoteilen auf. Hier weisen wir nach, dass bereits ein Protonentransfer innerhalb eines Hemiindigo‐ oder Hemithioindigoteils ausreicht, um diese Photostabilität zu gewährleisten. Dieses Konzept könnte eine interessante Strategie hin zu neuen photostabilen Farbstoffen im sichtbaren Spektrum liefern.
A Mixed Molecular Building Block Strategy for the Design of Nested Polyhedron Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Tian Dan , Chen Qiang , Li Yue , Zhang Ying‐Hui , Chang Ze , Bu Xian‐He
Published: November 2013

A mixed molecular building block (MBB) strategy for the synthesis of double‐walled cage‐based porous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is presented. By means of this method, two isostructural porous MOFs built from unprecedented double‐walled metal–organic octahedron were obtained by introducing two size‐matching C3‐symmetric molecular building blocks with different rigidities. With their unique framework structures, these MOFs provide, to the best of our knowledge, the first examples of double‐walled octahedron‐based MOFs.
Photostability of 4,4′‐Dihydroxythioindigo, a Mimetic of Indigo
Authors: Dittmann Marc , Graupner Franziska F. , Maerz Benjamin , Oesterling Sven , de Vivie‐Riedle Regina , Zinth Wolfgang , Engelhard Martin , Lüttke Wolfgang
Published: November 2013

The photochemical properties of indigo, a widely used industrial dye, has attracted both experimentalists and theoreticians from the beginning. Especially the high photostability of indigo has been the subject of intensive research. Recently, it was proposed that after photoexcitation an intramolecular proton transfer followed by a nonradiative relaxation to the ground state promote photostability. In indigo the hydrogen bond and the proton transfer occur between the opposing hemiindigo parts. Here, we provide experimental and theoretical evidence that a hydrogen transfer within one hemiindigo or hemithioindigo part is sufficient to attain photostability. This concept can serve as an interesting strategy towards new photostable dyes for the visible part of the spectrum.
Ionic‐Liquid–Nanoparticle Hybrid Electrolytes: Applications in Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Lu Yingying , Korf Kevin , Kambe Yu , Tu Zhengyuan , Archer Lynden A.
Published: November 2013

Development of rechargeable lithium metal battery (LMB) remains a challenge because of uneven lithium deposition during repeated cycles of charge and discharge. Ionic liquids have received intensive scientific interest as electrolytes because of their exceptional thermal and electrochemical stabilities. Ionic liquid and ionic‐liquid–nanoparticle hybrid electrolytes based on 1‐methy‐3‐propylimidazolium (IM) and 1‐methy‐3‐propylpiperidinium (PP) have been synthesized and their ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability, mechanical properties, and ability to promote stable Li electrodeposition investigated. PP‐based electrolytes were found to be more conductive and substantially more efficient in suppressing dendrite formation on cycled lithium anodes; as little as 11 wt % PP‐IL in a PC‐LiTFSI host produces more than a ten‐fold increase in cell lifetime. Both PP‐ and IM‐based nanoparticle hybrid electrolytes provide up to 10 000‐fold improvements in cell lifetime than anticipated based on their mechanical modulus alone. Galvanostatic cycling measurements in Li/Li4Ti5O12 half cells using IL–nanoparticle hybrid electrolytes reveal more than 500 cycles of trouble‐free operation and enhanced rate capability.
Combining On‐Chip Synthesis of a Focused Combinatorial Library with Computational Target Prediction Reveals Imidazopyridine GPCR Ligands
Authors: Reutlinger Michael , Rodrigues Tiago , Schneider Petra , Schneider Gisbert
Published: November 2013

Using the example of the Ugi three‐component reaction we report a fast and efficient microfluidic‐assisted entry into the imidazopyridine scaffold, where building block prioritization was coupled to a new computational method for predicting ligand–target associations. We identified an innovative GPCR‐modulating combinatorial chemotype featuring ligand‐efficient adenosine A1/2B and adrenergic α1A/B receptor antagonists. Our results suggest the tight integration of microfluidics‐assisted synthesis with computer‐based target prediction as a viable approach to rapidly generate bioactivity‐focused combinatorial compound libraries with high success rates.
Dirhodium(II) Carboxylate Catalyzed Formation of 1,2,3‐Trisubstituted Indoles from Styryl Azides
Authors: Jones Crystalann , Nguyen Quyen , Driver Tom G.
Published: November 2013

Dirhodium(II)‐carboxylate complexes were discovered to promote the selective migration of acyl groups in trisubstituted styryl azides to form 1,2,3‐trisubstituted indoles. The styryl azides are readily available in three steps from cyclobutanone and 2‐iodoaniline.
Silica‐supported terpyridine palladium(II) complex as an efficient and reusable catalyst for Heck and Suzuki cross‐coupling reactions
Authors: Amini Mostafa M. , Feiz Afsaneh , Dabiri Minoo , Bazgir Ayoob
Published: November 2013

Silica‐supported terpyridine palladium(II) was prepared and used as an effective and recyclable catalyst in Mizoroki–Heck and Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions. The catalyst was very effective for the Mizoroki–Heck reaction of aryl halides with olefins and conversion was in most cases excellent. The catalyst showed good thermal stability (up to 230 °C) and could be recovered and reused for four reaction cycles. The Suzuki coupling of aryl iodides with aryl boronic acids in the presence of the catalyst was also investigated and the reaction proceeded with a short reaction time and excellent conversion. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
β‐Cyclodextrin modified cationic acrylamide polymers for flocculating waste drilling fluids
Authors: Zou Changjun , Liang Muhua , Chen Xiuli , Yan Xueling
Published: November 2013

In this article, the P(AM/A‐β‐CD/DMDAAC) is used as flocculant. The synthesis and characterization of the cationic polyacrylamide flocculant modified by β‐cyclodextrin have been studied in the early article. This article stresses its excellent flocculated performance and mechanism. In the flocculated process, the bridging flocculation played a dominant role. Through the flocculation experiments, it can be seen that the flocculating rate of the P(AM/A‐β‐CD/DMDAAC) on four solutions can go up to 93.4%, 89.7%, 85.1%, and 96.7%, respectively. As can be seen from experiment data, the flocculated property of P(AM/A‐β‐CD/DMDAAC) is superior to polyacrylamide and poly (dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40197.
Good debt or bad debt: Detecting semantic orientations in economic texts
Authors: Malo Pekka , Sinha Ankur , Korhonen Pekka , Wallenius Jyrki , Takala Pyry
Published: November 2013

The use of robo‐readers to analyze news texts is an emerging technology trend in computational finance. Recent research has developed sophisticated financial polarity lexicons for investigating how financial sentiments relate to future company performance. However, based on experience from fields that commonly analyze sentiment, it is well known that the overall semantic orientation of a sentence may differ from that of individual words. This article investigates how semantic orientations can be better detected in financial and economic news by accommodating the overall phrase‐structure information and domain‐specific use of language. Our three main contributions are the following: (a) a human‐annotated finance phrase bank that can be used for training and evaluating alternative models; (b) a technique to enhance financial lexicons with attributes that help to identify expected direction of events that affect sentiment; and (c) a linearized phrase‐structure model for detecting contextual semantic orientations in economic texts. The relevance of the newly added lexicon features and the benefit of using the proposed learning algorithm are demonstrated in a comparative study against general sentiment models as well as the popular word frequency models used in recent financial studies. The proposed framework is parsimonious and avoids the explosion in feature space caused by the use of conventional n‐gram features.
Unmasking risk loci: DNA methylation illuminates the biology of cancer predisposition
Authors: Aran Dvir , Hellman Asaf
Published: November 2013

Paradoxically, DNA sequence polymorphisms in cancer risk loci rarely correlate with the expression of cancer genes. Therefore, the molecular mechanism underlying an individual's susceptibility to cancer has remained largely unknown. However, recent evaluations of the correlations between DNA methylation and gene expression levels across healthy and cancerous genomes have revealed enrichment of disease‐related DNA methylation variations within disease‐associated risk loci. Moreover, it appears that transcriptional enhancers embedded in cancer risk loci often contain DNA methylation sites that closely define the expression of prominent cancer genes, despite the lack of significant correlations between gene expression levels and the surrounding disease‐associated polymorphic sequences. We suggest that DNA methylation variations may obscure the effect of co‐residing risk sequence alleles. Analysis of enhancer methylation data may help to reveal the regulatory circuits underlying predisposition to cancers and other common diseases.

Editor's suggested further reading in BioEssays DNA methylation reprogramming in cancer: Does it act by re‐configuring the binding landscape of Polycomb repressive complexes? Abstract
Physically‐based forehead animation including wrinkles
Authors: Warburton Mark , Maddock Steve
Published: November 2013

Physically‐based animation techniques enable more realistic and accurate animation to be created. We present a fully physically‐based approach for efficiently producing realistic‐looking animations of facial movement, including animation of expressive wrinkles. This involves simulation of detailed voxel‐based models using a graphics processing unit‐based total Lagrangian explicit dynamic finite element solver with an anatomical muscle contraction model, and advanced boundary conditions that can model the sliding of soft tissue over the skull. The flexibility of our approach enables detailed animations of gross and fine‐scale soft‐tissue movement to be easily produced with different muscle structures and material parameters, for example, to animate different aged skins. Although we focus on the forehead, our approach can be used to animate any multi‐layered soft body. © 2014 The Authors. Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Leucocytes isolated from simply frozen whole blood can be used in human biomonitoring for DNA damage measurement with the comet assay
Authors: Akor‐Dewu Maryam B. , El Yamani Naouale , Bilyk Olena , Holtung Linda , Tjelle Torunn E. , Blomhoff Rune , Collins Andrew R.
Published: November 2013

Preservation of human blood cells for DNA damage analysis with the comet assay conventionally involves the isolation of mononuclear cells by centrifugation, suspension in freezing medium and slow freezing to −80 °C—a laborious process. A recent publication (Al‐Salmani et al. Free Rad Biol Med 2011; 51: 719–725) describes a simple method in which small volumes of whole blood are frozen to −20 or −80 °C; on subsequent thawing, the comet assay is performed, with no indication of elevated DNA strand breakage resulting from the rapid freezing. However, leucocytes in whole blood (whether fresh or frozen) are abnormally resistant to damage by H2O2, and so a common test of antioxidant status (resistance to strand breakage by H2O2) cannot be used. We have refined this method by separating the leucocytes from the thawed blood; we find that, after three washes, the cells respond normally to H2O2. In addition, we have measured specific endogenous base damage (oxidized purines) in the isolated leucocytes, using the enzyme formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase. In a study of blood samples from 10 subjects, H2O2 sensitivity and endogenous damage—both reflecting the antioxidant status of the cells—correlated significantly. This modified approach to sample collection and storage is particularly applicable when the available volume of blood is limited and has great potential in biomonitoring and ecogenotoxicology studies where samples are obtained in the field or at sites remote from the testing laboratory. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
5,10‐Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and A1298C polymorphisms: genotype frequency and association with homocysteine and folate levels in middle‐southern Italian adults.
Authors: Zappacosta Bruno , Graziano Mirella , Persichilli Silvia , Di Castelnuovo Augusto , Mastroiacovo Pierpaolo , Iacoviello Licia
Published: November 2013

Two genetic polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene (C677T and A1298C) can influence the plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels, especially in the presence of an inadequate folate status. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequencies of C677T and of A1298C MTHFR polymorphisms and their correlation with Hcy and serum folate concentrations in a population of blood donors living in a region of middle‐southern Italy (the Molise Region). One hundred ninety seven blood donors were studied for total plasma Hcy, serum folate and C677T and A1298C MTHFR genotypes. The frequency of C677T genotypes was 20.8% (CC), 49.8% (CT) and 29.4% (TT); for the A1298C genotypes: 48.7% (AA), 43.7% (AC) and 7.6% (CC). Hcy and serum folate concentrations were significantly different among genotypes of the C677T polymorphism (CC versus CT versus TT: <0.0001 both for Hcy and folate), with Hcy values increasing, and serum folate decreasing, from CC to TT subjects. Regarding to A1298C polymorphism, the difference among genotypes (AA versus AC versus CC; p: 0.026 for Hcy and 0.014 for serum folate), showed an opposite trend for both parameters, with Hcy higher in the wild‐type and lower in the homozygotes and serum folate higher in CC than in AA subjects. In conclusion, we found a high frequency of MTHFR allele associated with high level of Hcy and low levels of folate in an Italian southern population. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative Study of Photochromic Ferrocene‐Conjugated Dimethyldihydropyrene Derivatives
Authors: Muratsugu Satoshi , Kishida Masa‐aki , Sakamoto Ryota , Nishihara Hiroshi
Published: November 2013

The photochemical properties and the mixed‐valence state of bis(ferrocenylethynyl)benzodimethyldihydropyrene (1) and other benzodimethyldihydropyrene (BzDHP) derivatives were investigated to understand the reversible photoswitching in the electronic communication of 1. Absorption spectra of 1 were characterized by UV/Vis spectroscopy and calculated by using time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT), and the d orbitals of the ferrocene (Fc) moieties were shown to contribute to the occupied valence orbitals that were responsible for the photochromic behavior. 1 exhibited reversible photoisomerization in THF; however, photochromic behavior was not observed in dichloromethane. Analysis of redox potentials showed that the mixed‐valence state of 1 was more stable in dichloromethane than in THF. This is consistent with the observation that chemical oxidation led to an intervalence charge‐transfer (IVCT) band between the Fc moieties in the mixed‐valence state of 1 in dichloromethane, whereas such a band was not observed for one‐electron‐oxidized 1 in THF. Bis(pentamethylferrocenylethynyl)benzodimethyldihydropyrene (2) did not show photochromic behavior even in THF. The mixed‐valence state of 2 was much less stable than that of 1 in dichloromethane, and no obvious IVCT band was observed for one‐electron‐oxidized 2 in dichloromethane. The difference in the redox contribution of Fc and pentamethylferrocene (Me5Fc) to BzDHP played an important role for these redox and photochromic behaviors; this was supported by analysis of valence orbital energies from DFT calculations. Designing molecules that connect redox centers through the use of a photochromic linker with a redox potential close to that of the redox centers could constitute a useful approach for the production of photochromic redox‐active metal complexes with strong electronic communication.
The Beginning of High Pressure Chemistry and the Leuna Factory – A Chapter of History of Technical Chemistry Part 1
Authors: Becker Karl
Published: November 2013

Die Anfänge der Hochdruckchemie haben ihren Ursprung zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts. Nachdem eine Fülle technisch völlig neuer Probleme in unglaublich kurzer Zeit gelöst worden war, einschließlich der Entwicklung eines geeigneten Katalysators, konnte vor 100 Jahren durch die BASF in Ludwigshafen, mit der Synthese von Ammoniak aus Stickstoff und Wasserstoff, die erste Hochdrucksynthese großtechnisch realisiert werden. Ab 1916 war an diesem Erfolg die BASF‐Tochter am Standort Leuna, das Ammoniakwerk Merseburg, beteiligt. Sehr schnell folgten weitere Hochdrucksynthesen – die Methanol‐ und die Isobutylölsynthese sowie die Hydrierung von Kohle zu flüssigen Kohlenwasserstoffen. An diese Entwicklungen, die die Welt der technischen Chemie revolutionierten, wird in diesem Beitrag erinnert.
On Nonnegative Solutions of the Inequality Δ u + uσ ≤ 0 on Riemannian Manifolds
Authors: Grigor'yan Alexander , Sun Yuhua
Published: November 2013

We study the uniqueness of a nonnegative solution of the differential inequality

urn:x-wiley::media:cpa21493:cpa21493-math-0001

on a complete Riemannian manifold, where σ > 1 is a parameter. We prove that if, for some x0 ∊ M and all large enough r

urn:x-wiley::media:cpa21493:cpa21493-math-0002

where , and B(x,r) is a geodesic ball, then the only nonnegative solution of (*) is identically 0. We also show the sharpness of the above values of the exponents p,q. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stigmatizing attitudes and beliefs about bulimia nervosa: Gender, age, education and income variability in a community sample
Authors: McLean Siân A. , Paxton Susan J. , Massey Robin , Hay Phillipa J. , Mond Jonathan M. , Rodgers Bryan
Published: November 2013

Objective

Stigmatizing attitudes towards eating disorders negatively impacts treatment seeking. To determine the effect of interventions to reduce stigma, a measure of stigma that is simple to implement is required. This study aimed to develop a measure of stigmatizing attitudes and beliefs towards bulimia nervosa (SAB‐BN) and evaluate the distribution of beliefs across gender, age, education, and income groups.

Method

Participants were 1828 community adults (890 men; 938 women) aged 18–65 sampled from the Australian Electoral Roll responded to a mailed questionnaire. Participants provided demographic information and completed the SAB‐BN questionnaire.

Results

Five components of stigmatizing attitudes and beliefs were identified; advantages of BN, minimization/low seriousness, unreliability, social distance, and personal responsibility. Stigma was low except on social distance and personal responsibility sub‐scales, which indicated negative attitudes toward people with bulimia. Men compared with women and lower compared with higher education and income groups held significantly higher stigmatizing attitudes and beliefs. There were few differences between age groups in stigma. Differences between demographic groups provides evidence for known‐groups validity.

Discussion

The SAB‐BN questionnaire provides a potentially useful tool for evaluating stigma in relation to BN. Results provide insight into components of stigma and the demographic groups to whom interventions should be targeted. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Steric Factors in the Single‐Electron Transfer Carbolithiation and Transannular Reduction of 6,12‐Diphenyldibenzo[b,f]­[1,5]­diazocine by Organolithium Reagents
Authors: Eisch John J. , Yu Kun , Rheingold Arnold L.
Published: November 2013

The puckered tricyclic heterocycle 6,12‐diphenyldibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine, a novel probe for revealing single‐electron transfer (SET) reactions, is here employed as a model substrate for investigating the carbolithiation of imines and the stereochemistry, the regiochemistry, and the electronic nature (polar or SET) of such R–Li additions. The chemical behavior of the following organolithium reagents (mainly in THF) toward the diazocine was studied: benzyl‐, methyl‐, phenyl‐, n‐butyl‐, and phenylethynyllithiums, as well as the reactive allylmagnesium chloride and the typical tert‐butylmagnesium chloride. The only reagent that failed to carbometalate or to reduce the diazocine transannularly was phenylethynyllithium. The tert‐butyl Grignard reagent could not carbometalate but did reduce the diazocine with photocatalysis. The other five organometallics yielded both carbometalation of the diazocine and, upon hydrolysis, transannular SET reduction to 4b,9b‐diphenyl‐4b,5,9b,10‐tetrahydroindolo[3,2‐b]indole (“indoloindole”) in varying proportions. Three types of carbometalation products were observed in such hydrolyzed reactions: (1) exo‐1,2‐addition to a C=N bond by C6H5CH2Li, H2C=CHCH2MgCl, and CH3Li, as established by spectral and XRD data; (2) 1,4‐addition to the ortho‐phenyl carbon Co=C‐C=N linkage by phenyllithium with the subsequent elimination of LiH; and (3) 1,4‐addition, as in type 2, by n‐butyllithium but without the elimination of LiH. The foregoing modes of reactivity, the concomitant formation of the telltale SET reduction product, “indoloindole”, and the failure of PhC≡CLi to react at all with the diazocine are marshaled to support the conclusion that the organometallics reacting with the diazocine, by carbometalation and by transannular reduction, do so by SET processes and not by straightforward nucleophilic attack. The relative stabilities of sp3‐, sp2‐, and sp‐hybridized carbon radicals possibly involved were assessed in concluding that PhC≡CLi is incapable of reacting through any SET pathway.
Driving the Morita–Baylis–Hillman Reaction to a Multicomponent Organic Transformation
Authors: Guillouzic Anne‐Françoise , Montel Sonia , Laborde Coralie , Volle Jean‐Noël , Pirat Jean‐Luc , Virieux David
Published: November 2013

The combination of a trivalent phosphorus reagent with an aldehyde and a Michael olefin in the presence of water led to the formation of functionalized phosphine oxides. This approach turned the Lewis base organocatalyzed Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction into a multicomponent organic transformation to provide rapid access to polyfunctionalized molecules.