bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the Complexities of Confined Over-the-Counter Substances: Navigating FDA Classification and State Constraints
Authors: Sidra Zubair  , Asma Eraj  , Hira Raees  , Bareera aslam
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
This article delves into the nuanced realm of confined over-the-counter substances, a distinct category of medications subject to over-the-counter status by the FDA yet encumbered by unique constraints. Within this classification, drugs legally designated as over-the-counter are strategically stored behind the counter and exclusively retailed in state-registered stores, excluding their availability in general convenience and grocery stores carrying non-restricted over-the-counter medications. Examining specific instances, the text explores the placement of items containing pseudoephedrine, an over-the-counter product, in areas requiring pharmacist consultation. This strategic positioning aims to mitigate methamphetamine production, accompanied by rigorous record-keeping and quantity restrictions. Notably, varying state regulations, exemplified by Oregon's requirement for a medical prescription to purchase pseudoephedrine, underscore the complexity in standardizing control measures against methamphetamine use. The article also scrutinizes analogous regulations applied to emergency contraception, acknowledged as over-the-counter substances for females aged seventeen and above by the FDA, yet designated as prescription medications for younger women. A regulatory agreement mandates these medications to be stored behind the pharmacy counter, emphasizing age verification and patient education for non-prescription access. Furthermore, the discussion extends to Schedule V controlled substances that may assume over-the-counter status in specific states. Despite being sold without a prescription, these medications are subject to stringent record-keeping, quantity and age restrictions, and necessitate dispensation by a pharmacy. In elucidating these intricacies, the article navigates the intersection of FDA classification and state-imposed limitations, offering a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and adaptations within the confined over-the-counter substances category. The exploration sheds light on the multifaceted nature of regulatory frameworks governing access to medications, balancing consumer convenience with controlled distribution to address public health concerns.
Breast Cancer is Still on The Rise Among Women in Pakistan: Reasons for Delayed Diagnosis
Authors: Sania Basheer  , Laura Brigetti  , Saima Iqbal  , Halima Sadia
Published: October 2024

Breast cancer is one of the profound causes of death around the globe. Pakistan is a low-middle- income country with a high mortality rate due to breast cancer as compared to its other neighboring countries.
The purpose of this review is to explore the factors for delayed screening and diagnosis of breast cancer so that preventive measures and effective interventions can be made.
The search for the review was performed by using the databases Pubmed and Embase. Relevant articles were selected and the full text was retrieved. The full text was screened and common themes were identified. The potential factors for delayed diagnosis/ presentation of breast cancer were found to be lack of awareness, education, socio-economic status, social acceptability, fear, cultural barriers (shyness, embarrassment), and availability of healthcare services.
Pakistan exhibits a high mortality rate due to breast cancer in comparison to its neighboring Asian countries. There are several reasons explored for the delayed presentation. Media can play a profound role to break the stigma about the disease. Attention is needed on the awareness programs, cost of diagnosis, and treatment in the country by providing budget packages to the healthcare system.
Bio-Aerosols Role in Spread of Covid-19 and Their Prevention
Authors: Khadija Aslam  , Aisha Sana  , Fatima Qamar  , Halima Sadia  , Saman Shahab
Published: October 2024

Background: Bio aerosols are airborne biological aerosolized particle. They are inhaled through upper respiratory tract and causes number of mild infections to lethal diseases such as allergic reactions, inflammation and respiratory disease. Bio aerosols are comprised of living organisms, pathogenic and/or nonpathogenic micro-organism such as pollen grains, fungi, cellular fragments of virus, bacteria, microbial byproducts and animal exudates. They contains harmful materials, heavy metals toxic substances and gases.
Coronavirus identified in 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is globally pandemic, was initiated from China (Wuhan).The pandemic is an endemic that spreads in multiple countries and continents and became a threat for entire world. World health organization (WHO) declared the emergency condition.
Objective: Aim of this study is to aware and educate people from the spreading of coronavirus infection from person to person through talking, sneezing, coughing and breathing.For this one should take precautionary measures such as maintained their personal hygiene by waring surgical masks with gloves, keeping maintain social distance approximately 6 meters and frequently sanitized hands, are helpful for the prevention and controlling of disease.
Conclusion: It may conclude that, Bio aerosols are seems to be the major causes for spreading of this virus. It is thereby notice that the spreading of coronavirus is not only by bio aerosol pathogen, but also seen in patient who have been previously developed severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARs-CoV-2). Therefore, more researches are desirable for better assessment.
Role of Environmental Factors in Transmission of Novel Corona Virus (Covid 19) and the Effect and Composition of Smoke
Authors: Saman Shahab Farooqui  , Aisha Sana  , Atiya Kaleem  , Fatima Qamar  , Quratulain Waseem
Published: October 2024

The epidemic of Covid-19 has caused a panic situation among the people around the world. The novel corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) was identified in Wuhan, in the Hubei Province of China, in December 2019.People have become worried about their health conditions as it seems like a serious threat to the health of people throughout the globe. There can be several factors that can contribute in the transmission of this virus; therefore, in this review report we discussed the role of environmental factors in transmission of navel Corona virus and the effect of smoke on its transmission. The effect of smoke can also be a factor in increasing the severity of the novel corona virus as it can affect the respiratory system. It has been estimated by the previous studies that with the increase of 1 °C minimum ambient air temperature, the number of cases decreases by 0.86%. The transmission of virus through food and food handlers can be a risk factor in transmitting the virus to others. Although there are no clear evidence of transmission of virus reported through contaminated water, waste water, but the chances of transmission of virus through them can be a factor so precautionary measures (such as wearing mask or facial mask, gloves, washing hands and the use of disinfectants) should be taken.
Comparative Physicochemical Analysis of Two Brands of Imipramine
Authors: Sabahat Abdullah  , Rimsha Abdullah  , Leena Anjum  , Faiza Hashim  , Mehroz Kalim
Published: October 2024

A renowned medicine called imipramine is used to manage psychiatric disorders, primarily depression. It is a novel therapy that works marvels but also has troublesome side effects. When we discuss veteran medications that have multiple applications in various domains and are formulated by multiple brands, we naturally become intrigued by which brand provides better formulation. Here we compare the two brands of imipramine, namely Tofranil and Imidol and their physicochemical characteristics are being evaluated.
Unlocking the Power of Plants: Herbal Remedies for Anemia
Authors: Sidra Zubair  , Anila Sharif  , Sabahat Abdullah  , Anum Liaquat  , Muteeba sheikh
Published: October 2024

This literature investigates the efficacy of herbal remedies in addressing anemia, which is a prevalent blood disorder characterized by insufficient red blood cells to meet the body’s physiological demand. Focusing on sickle cell anemia, bone marrow and stem cell diseases, vitamin deficiency anemia, iron deficiency anemia. The study examines causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and conventional treatments. Sickle cell anemia affecting specific population causes recurrent pain, low red blood cells and infections. Diagnosis involves complete blood cell count (CBC) and hemoglobin electrophoresis with treatments ranging from malaria preventions and bone marrow transplantation. The review also determine bone marrow and stem cell problems like aplastic anemia, its diagnosis and its treatment like stem cell transplant and blood transfusion. In addition the conventional treatment is also explain in this review such that herbal remedies like yellow dock root and stinging nettle, dandelion and burdock, alfalfa, spirulina, parsley and dang quai and many others. The importance of spleen-nourishing food meat and beans rich in iron. The study also brief about the ayurvedic treatments like purgation therapy, punarnava mandura and yoga in regulating blood.
From Hive to Health: Honey's Miraculous Benefits for the Body and Mind
Authors: Aymen Owais  , Saniya Shuja  , Anum Liaquat  , Sidra Zubair  , Hira Raees
Published: October 2024

Honey has been used for many purposes in traditional medicine. This article provides a comprehensive overview of honey, its types, and specific varieties like Acacia, Alfalfa, Buckwheat, Clover, Eucalyptus, Jamun, Lavender, Manuka, Rosemary, and Sage honey. The content delves into their respective characteristics, health benefits, and nutritional compositions. Notably, the potential benefits of honey, particularly high-grade types, in addressing various eye conditions such as keratoconjunctivitis, corneal ulcers, blepharitis, dry eyes, bacterial conjunctivitis, and preventive care for wrinkles have been highlighted. The antimicrobial anti-inflammatory and soothing properties of honey is responsible for its therapeutic potential. Numerous antioxidants, such as flavonoids and polyphenols, are found in honey. These antioxidants aid in the body's defense against free radicals, which can cause inflammation and other health problems. Eye drops containing honey are available for application, However, caution is advised, emphasizing the need for further research and professional consultation before applying honey directly to the eyes.
Ivan Engnell
Authors: Hidal Sten
Published: October 2024

Ivan Engnell (1906-1964) was 1947 appointed professor of Old Testament exegetics at the University of Uppsala, Sweden. He introduced the study of the Old Testament in Sweden from a purely religio-historical point of view. His dissertation Studies in the Divine Kingship in the ancient Near East (1943) was a pioneer work, in which he investigated the sacral kingship in the mythological texts from Ugarit. Engnell was a firm adherent of the Patternist school. His view of the emergence of the Old Testament can be studied in Gamla Testamentet. En traditionshistorisk inledning (1945). His main work is Svenskt bibliskt uppslagsverk (1962), an exegetical handbook covering the whole Bible, in which all the major articles about the Old Testament are written by himself and his opinions are presented in an often rather biased form. Engnell is often said to have founded the so-called Uppsala school; however, he had few followers in his scholarship. His teaching seems to have been charismatic and since the majority of his writings are in Swedish his influence was particularly strong in Scandinavia.
Sostenibilidad Financiera en las Empresas: Criterios ESG
Authors: Gavilanes-Carranza Evelyn Alexandra , Tapia-Urbina María Belén , Rodríguez-Benavides María Luisa , Delgado-Flores Esperanza Noemí
Published: October 2024

This review article explores the increasing importance of ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) criteria in the financial sustainability of companies. It analyzes how these criteria, which assess the environmental, social, and governance impact of organizations, have become essential for ensuring long-term resilience and success in a highly competitive global business environment. The article highlights the competitive advantages offered by ESG practices, such as better risk management, access to capital, and enhanced reputation. However, it also discusses the associated challenges, including greenwashing and the difficulties of implementation in resource-intensive sectors. Finally, the article examines growing international regulation around ESG criteria and its impact on corporate responsibility.
Imperialist terrorism in Northern Africa
Authors: Capasso Matteo , Elkorghli Essam Abdelrasul Bubaker
Published: October 2024

This article posits that US-led imperialism remains the most fundamental contradiction to be assessed when analysing the material, social and political development of countries in Northern Africa. After grounding its conceptual discussion around the Marxian analytical character of imperialism, the article focuses on the military–financial nexus and then assesses the ideological implications of this. It argues that imperialism operates according to rational and interlinked strategies that deploy the systematic use of violence and intimidation that are central to undermining the political and developmental potential of Northern Africa. The discussion shows how imperialist policies curb the space of national autonomy required to advance a developmental path in the interests of popular classes and regional solidarity, at both the material and ideological levels.
Imperialism and crises of social reproduction in Africa
Authors: Ossome Lyn
Published: October 2024

Gender inequalities feature in the prevailing model of financialised capitalist development, which in the peripheries is increasingly dependent on enclosures of land and nature, unbridled debt that is being shifted onto households, and deepening exploitation of gendered labour for service and industry. These conditions of accumulation generate reproductive crises in the core and peripheries that have serious implications for the survival and sustenance of working people and surplus populations of the global South. This article uses two main arguments to elaborate the nature of these reproductive crises from the vantage point of working people in the peripheries. First, by elaborating the link between land, nature and the commons and social reproduction in the agrarian South, foregrounding an agrarian question of gendered labour which agrarian reforms must address as a condition of national liberation. Second, the ways in which social reproduction is structured by centre–periphery relations of capitalist accumulation are elaborated in relation to the structures of gendered labour under late capitalism, asking how these dynamics shape the conditions of survival and reproduction of working people in Africa. The article highlights the imperative for a social reproduction lens in the analysis of imperialism within the possibility of liberation as well as sovereignty of Third World nations.
Thrombosed Spermatic Vein-a Rare Cause of Testicular Mass
Authors: Awad Rabih , Al-Mousawi Maytham , Chanbour Hani , Abou Khater Danielle , Abes Leila , Harran Robert , Awad Ayman
Published: October 2024

Acute thrombophlebitis of spermatic vein is an uncommon pathology with an ill-defined etiology. Most patients present with acute testicular or inguinal pain, frequently misdiagnosed as incarcerated inguinal hernia or testicular torsion. We report the case of a 29-year-old male, a policeman with prolonged standing hours, who presented to the clinic for severe left testicular pain and a palpable mass. Doppler-ultrasound revealed left spermatic vein blood flow alteration. CT angiography confirmed the presence of left spermatic vein thrombosis. Conservative management was adopted with anticoagulant and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Spontaneous spermatic vein thrombosis is a rare entity with a high likelihood of misdiagnosis.
Bridging the Surgical Divide: Addressing Access, Safety, Volume and Financial Burden in Mexico's Healthcare System through Global Surgery Research.
Authors: Ramos-De la Medina Antonio
Published: October 2024

In 2008, Paul Farmer and Jim Yong Kim first referred to surgery as the "neglected stepchild of global health". Their powerful statement highlighted the critical neglect of surgical care within the global health agenda, emphasizing the urgent need for greater attention and resources. Today, this issue remains acutely relevant in Mexico, where inadequate investment, the risk of catastrophic expenditures, and limited surgical capacity continue to compromise the health and economic stability of millions. Surgical diseases remain a major cause of death and disability, particularly among the poor.
Reflecting on Our Journey and Looking Ahead to 2025
Authors: Bhangu Aneel
Published: October 2024

As we approach the end of 2024, I am humbled to reflect on the journey of Impact Surgery. What began as a bold vision to create a platform for critical discussions in surgery has evolved into a dynamic and influential journal, making significant strides in addressing some of the most pressing issues in global health. As the senior Editor-in-Chief, it is my privilege to share with you our progress, our ongoing commitments, and our exciting plans.
SYEKH MAULANA MALIK IBRAHIM FROM AZERBAIJAN WHO PROPAGATED ISLAM IN INDONESIA
Authors:   ANAS Institute of Philosophy and Sociology, Baku, Azerbaijan, Aliyev Zaur
Published: October 2024

Malik Ibrahim, known as Kakek Bantal and Sunan Gresik in Indonesia, was one of the followers of Hurufi. Malik Ibrahim Fazlullah bin Abi Muhammad Naimi, whose main goal was to spread Hurufism in Samarkand, was a close comrade-in-arms of Tabrizi. Malik Ibrahim, who came to Samarkand on a special mission and tried to approach the palace of Emir Teymur, realized that he was being followed here and took the name of Makdum Ibrahim al-Samarkandi and went away. Fate brings him to Indonesia, where he begins to spread Islam. Today in Indonesia, he is considered one of the 9 sages. The world-famous film company “Netflix” used the author's research on the introduction of Islam to Indonesia by Azerbaijanis in the Indonesian film “Leyla-Majnun” directed and written by Monty Tiua and co-written by Alim Sudion.
ACADEMIC STUDY’S TRANSFORMATION OF INDONESIAN MUSLIM ON HIS RELIGION: THE CASE OF MUN'IM SIRRY
Authors:   UIN Alauddin Makassar, Indonesia, HS Muh Alwi
Published: October 2024

This article examines the transformation of the academic study of Rekonstruksi Islam Historis by Mun'im from the book into three zoom forums, namely Cris Foundation, Esetorika and YIPC Indonesia. Mun'im's studies in the book and the three zoom forums are the primary sources for this article. Furthermore, Mun'im's decision to represent Indonesian academic Muslims in this article is primarily Mun'im's academic answer to the doubts of non-Muslim scholars regarding Muslim studies. Meanwhile, the analysis of the transformation of Mun'im's study is not only based on from book to zoom, but also between zooms. From this, this article concludes that the transformation of the study brought an increase in the focus of the study, from what was originally only on Islam as a religion of late antiquity to become stronger in Mun'im's efforts to harmonize relations between religions in the contemporary era in Indonesia. The findings on Mun'im's study provide two perspectives on Islamic studies. First, as a study, Islam becomes an open and dynamic object to be studied critically. Second, even though Islamic studies are academic in nature, the success in conveying their ideas depends on how the reviewer manages to adapt (situational attitude) to the intended audience.
The Concept of “Manguurt” In Ethnography and its Literary Transformation
Authors: Shokankhan Kuttybayev , Yedilbay Ospanov , Balkiya Kassym , Aiman Koblanova , Bakytgul Moldagali
Published: October 2024

This article analyzes the idea of “Manguurt” in Aitmatov’s works, comparing it to historical events in Central Asia and the world, as well as to similar themes in global literature. Aitmatov’s “Manguurt” concept carries a profound philosophical meaning. By giving a new meaning to this term, Aitmatov highlights the inner cries of the Central Asian peoples who were part of the former Soviet Union. Their inherent self-awareness, distinctive language, and traditions were swallowed up by the red empire, turning them into a nation with a bleak future. This resulted in the formation of a generation that put Soviet ideology above the interests of its own people.
Understanding the Employment Expectations of Young Professionals: A Study by Education Level
Authors: Szabó-Szentgróti Gábor , Martin Gelencsér , Hollósy-Vadász Gábor , Kőmüves Zsolt
Published: October 2024

Young employees have to make many trade-offs in their job search and are often confronted with a lack of skills and abilities. In our survey, we investigated the expectations of young employees towards employers in relation to their level of education and the factors that influence/inhibit their job placement. The results confirmed that remuneration, motivation, an inspiring work environment and career opportunities offered by employers play a major role in job choice. The young employees' responses showed that they feel underprepared for the challenges of the labor market and see the solution to this problem in increasing the number of practical training hours. The study highlights the differences in the expectations of students at different levels of education and could be a starting point for further research.
Model of digital competencies of technical graduates
Authors: Апенько С.Н. , Давыдов А.И. , Лукаш А.В.
Published: October 2024

В статье рассмотрены основные элементы построения траектории обучения выпускников технических специальностей железнодорожных высших учебных заведений с целью максимального удовлетворения потребностей цифровой трансформации отрасли.

The article examines the main elements of constructing a learning trajectory for graduates of technical specialties at railway higher educational institutions in order to maximally meet the needs of the digital transformation of the industry
Anti-Angiogenesis Effects of Citrus and Flaxseed Extracts in a Chorioallantoic Membrane Assay
Authors: Capagas Raymund , Callueng Mary Jobhel , Diega Daschel Alliyah , Gonzales Aaliyah Dominique , Isleta Benedict , San Agustin Dhana
Published: October 2024

Both Citrus aurantium (Dalandan) peels and Linum flavum (Golden Flaxseed) are rich sources of bioactive compounds with potential health benefits, including anti-cancer properties. This study assessed and compared the overall anti-angiogenesis activity of Citrus aurantium (Dalandan) peels and Linum flavum (Golden Flaxseed). Specifically, this study aimed to determine the minimum concentration of both Citrus aurantium (Dalandan) peels and Linum flavum (Golden Flaxseed) that exhibits anti-angiogenesis activity. It also aimed to determine the most potent concentration that is effective as an anti-angiogenesis agent. This study investigated the anti-angiogenic activity of Citrus aurantium (Dalandan) peels and Linum flavum (Golden Flaxseed) ethanolic extract using the fertilized duck embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, a widely accepted method for studying angiogenesis. Several concentrations of Citrus aurantium (Dalandan) peels and Linum flavum (Golden Flaxseed) ethanolic extracts were applied to the CAM of duck embryos, while control groups received saline and ascorbic acid. Preliminary findings suggest that Citrus aurantium (Dalandan) peels and Linum flavum (Golden Flaxseed) ethanolic extracts exhibit anti-angiogenesis activity. Further analysis, including quantifying blood vessel density and branching, provided insights into the comparative efficacy of the two extracts. Statistical analysis revealed that the most effective ethanolic concentration for Citrus aurantium (Dalandan) is 10%, while for Linum flavum (Golden Flaxseed) is 30%. The study concluded that Citrus aurantium (Dalandan) has the most effective anti-angiogenic activity compared to Linum flavum (Golden Flaxseed). This study contributes to understanding the potential use of Citrus aurantium (Dalandan) peels and Linum flavum (Golden Flaxseed) for therapeutic applications in cancer treatment through their anti-angiogenic properties. Moreover, this study underscores the importance of utilizing alternative models, such as the CAM assay, for rapid and cost-effective screening of anti-angiogenic agents.
Energía asequible y no contaminante como premisa para un desarrollo sostenible: una referencia específica a las políticas públicas de implantación de las energías renovables en el territorio aragonés
Authors: Bernad Mainar Rafael
Published: October 2024

La sostenibilidad y la justicia social son dos conceptos fundamentales, cuya interrelación en la búsqueda de un desarrollo equitativo y duradero es muy estrecha. La sostenibilidad alude a la capacidad de satisfacer las necesidades existentes por las personas en la actualidad, pero sin comprometer la capacidad de satisfacer dichas necesidades de las futuras generaciones. Dicho concepto, por tanto, abarca no solo la protección al medio ambiente, si bien es un punto fundamental, pero también el uso responsable de los recursos naturales, la gestión de los residuos y la reducción de la huella ecológica causada por particulares y grandes empresas. Por su parte, la justicia social implica la equidad e igualdad de oportunidades para todos los seres humanos, independientemente de cuál sea su origen, género, raza o condición socioeconómica. Si bien resulta compleja la obtención de una justicia social plena, pues los condicionantes de posición social y contactos siempre influirán, la responsabilidad de la administración es disminuir lo máximo posible las diferencias existentes entre unos y otros. Con esta nueva monografía, el grupo de investigación ECONOMIUS-J, de la Universidad San Jorge, aborda, en su vertiente jurídica, algunas de las cuestiones de mayor actualidad que actualmente influyen en la cuestión de la justicia y equidad social. Se trata de la tercera monografía del grupo de investigación. Tras las dos primeras, centradas en mayor medida en la obtención limpia de energía y circunscribiéndose a la materia medioambiental, el paso lógico devenía en ampliar el campo de investigación y analizar su incidencia en las personas y los colectivos más vulnerables.
Reflexiones en torno a la incidencia de la implantación de las energías renovables en la vertebración del territorio aragonés
Authors: Bernad Mainar Rafael
Published: October 2024

La sostenibilidad y la justicia social son dos conceptos fundamentales, cuya interrelación en la búsqueda de un desarrollo equitativo y duradero es muy estrecha. La sostenibilidad alude a la capacidad de satisfacer las necesidades existentes por las personas en la actualidad, pero sin comprometer la capacidad de satisfacer dichas necesidades de las futuras generaciones. Dicho concepto, por tanto, abarca no solo la protección al medio ambiente, si bien es un punto fundamental, pero también el uso responsable de los recursos naturales, la gestión de los residuos y la reducción de la huella ecológica causada por particulares y grandes empresas. Por su parte, la justicia social implica la equidad e igualdad de oportunidades para todos los seres humanos, independientemente de cuál sea su origen, género, raza o condición socioeconómica. Si bien resulta compleja la obtención de una justicia social plena, pues los condicionantes de posición social y contactos siempre influirán, la responsabilidad de la administración es disminuir lo máximo posible las diferencias existentes entre unos y otros. Con esta nueva monografía, el grupo de investigación ECONOMIUS-J, de la Universidad San Jorge, aborda, en su vertiente jurídica, algunas de las cuestiones de mayor actualidad que actualmente influyen en la cuestión de la justicia y equidad social. Se trata de la tercera monografía del grupo de investigación. Tras las dos primeras, centradas en mayor medida en la obtención limpia de energía y circunscribiéndose a la materia medioambiental, el paso lógico devenía en ampliar el campo de investigación y analizar su incidencia en las personas y los colectivos más vulnerables.
Contratos mercantiles internacionales para empresas que hacen comercio exterior
Authors: Ortega Giménez Alfonso
Published: October 2024

Por regla general, toda operación comercial internacional quedará plasmada en un contrato; pues bien, la negociación de ese contrato planteará una serie de complejidades, derivadas de las obligaciones exigidas por los instrumentos jurídicos existentes en la materia, que las partes deberán conocer y saber gestionar. La evolución experimentada por la práctica de la contratación mercantil internacional es consecuencia de la generalización de la actividad exportadora e importadora de nuestras pymes. La necesidad de materializar las transacciones comerciales internacionales en un documento —el contrato internacional—, a modo de recordatorio de los derechos y obligaciones de las partes contratantes, ha colocado a la contratación internacional en un lugar privilegiado en el nuevo escenario de la globalización. La idea de este trabajo es ofrecer los modelos más frecuentes de contratos mercantiles internacionales que empresas y profesionales del mundo del comercio internacional se puedan encontrar (compraventa internacional de mercaderías, agencia comercial internacional, concesión o distribución comercial internacional, franquicia comercial internacional y joint venture internacional). Además, se acompañan otros modelos de contratos mercantiles internacionales (investigación y desarrollo internacional, licencia de uso de marca y licencia de uso de software) que, también, pueden resultarle interesantes.
THE ROLE OF DATA ANALYTICS IN PUBLIC HEALTH: A CASE STUDY OF VACCINATION COVERAGE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Authors:   Master of Arts in Social Research & Data Analysis, Ahmed Shahan ,   Montclair State University, New Jersey, US, Dey Nondon Lal ,   Department of Informatics, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA USA, Kamruzzaman Md ,   PhD Candidate, Faculty Of Management, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Malaysia, Rauf Md Abdur ,   Graduate Researcher, Master of Science in Management Information Systems, College of Business, Lamar University, Texas, USA
Published: October 2024

This systematic review investigates the incorporation of sustainability into supplier selection processes within indirect procurement in the engineering sector, focusing on environmental, social, and economic sustainability dimensions. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, 150 articles published between 2010 and 2023 were analyzed. Of these, 60% of the studies (90 articles) prioritized environmental sustainability, emphasizing factors such as carbon emissions reduction, energy efficiency, and sustainable resource management as key considerations for supplier evaluation. In contrast, social sustainability—encompassing labor practices, community engagement, and supplier diversity—was only addressed in 30% of the studies (45 articles), indicating that it remains a secondary concern in supplier selection. Economic sustainability, including cost-efficiency and supplier reliability, was highlighted in 50% of the studies (75 articles), reflecting the ongoing tension between sustainability goals and financial constraints. A significant finding was the frequent use of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) models like the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and fuzzy logic systems, referenced in 53% of the articles (80 studies), to systematically balance sustainability factors in supplier selection. The review also revealed regional disparities, with companies in Europe prioritizing environmental sustainability due to stricter regulations, while firms in developing regions like Asia and Latin America emphasized economic considerations. These findings underscore the importance of contextualizing sustainable supplier selection practices according to regional and sectoral dynamics, while also highlighting the need for more comprehensive frameworks that fully integrate social, environmental, and economic sustainability dimensions.
Intelectualidade do olhar xamânico de Kuriano Yai
Authors: Garcez Barreto Jussara , Rezende Barreto Rivelino
Published: October 2024

O presente artigo aborda as memórias da sabedoria tukano de Mandu Kuriano, detentor das faculdades excepcionais tukano, enquanto yai, kumu e baya. Mandu Kuriano é pai do kumu Luciano Barreto e avô do intelectual indígena tukano, antropólogo Rivelino Barreto. Apresenta-se o conteúdo de um diálogo sobre as memórias do neto sobre o avô Kuriano Yai com quem teve convivência na infância, na Aldeia São Domingos Sávio, em São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Amazonas A partir disto, o texto passa a destacar que para compreender a epistemologia tukano, é necessário ouvir os intelectuais indígenas, que envolvem os especialistas das faculdades excepcionais tukano, que através do triângulo formado pelo kerti ukusse, barssesse e barsamori, apresentam a cosmologia tukano e amplificam infinitas narrativas vivenciados nestes dois universos, o físico e o metafísico.
Ênio Candotti e a Amazônia
Authors: Corrêa da Silva Freitas Marilene
Published: October 2024

O texto situa momento especial da presença do físico Ennio Candotti na Amazônia, do impacto e do legado de sua relação com a região norte. Analisa as circunstâncias históricas da ciência brasileira, da SBPC - Sociedade Brasileira para o Progresso da Ciência e o lugar do intelectual Ennio Candotti no quadro de conflitos e problemáticas que envolvem a Amazônia em sua relação com o pensamento cientifico, as organizações cientificas e o Estado brasileiro.
THE NEED OF USING INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN MATHEMATICAL EDUCATION TO COLLEGE STUDENTS
Authors:   Kyrgyz State University named after I. Arabaev, Moldoisaeva I. K.
Published: October 2024

The use of innovative technologies in mathematics education ensures more effective teaching of the mathematics course, as well as increases the interest and demonstration of the teaching process. The main feature of innovative technologies in mathematics education is that they act as instructional tools for mathematical calculations, allowing students to read, repeat, consolidate, and summarize mathematical questions that are being read or completed. At the same time, he can check the mathematical correctness of practical, independent and inspection works. Also, the use of innovative technologies in mathematics education connects mathematics education with computer technologies in the minds and practices of students, and their use helps students to learn computers. Therefore, the use of innovative technologies in teaching mathematics courses to college students increases the effectiveness of teaching.
USE AS VISUALIZATION FOR MULTIMEDIA PRESENTATIONS OF SCHOOLCHILDREN
Authors:   Osh State University, Pirmatov A. Z. , Ysmayl kyzy N. ,   Osh State University
Published: October 2024

The article discusses the role of multimedia presentations in the educational process of schoolchildren, and also emphasizes the importance of visual clarity for improving understanding and learning of the material. Covers key principles for creating effective presentations, including tool selection, design, infographics, and audiovisual aids. Practical tips are provided for adapting presentations for different academic subjects, and methods for involving students in the process of creating presentations are suggested. The effective use of the presented materials depends on their relevance to the learning objectives, the clarity and accessibility of the information provided, and how well they are integrated into the overall context of the lesson. It is important not to overload the presentation with visual elements, but to use them to enhance students’ understanding and interest. Studying successful cases reveals the key factors that make multimedia presentations an effective teaching tool.
THE USE OF ELEMENTS OF MATHEMATICAL LOGIC IN MATHEMATICS LESSONS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Authors:   Talas State University, Stamalieva K. A. , Boruyeva S. Sh. ,   Talas State University, Aitalieva G. A. ,   Talas State University
Published: October 2024

This article substantiates the need for regular use of elements of mathematical logic in elementary school mathematics lessons, emphasizing that the success of every person in our time depends on his logically correct clear thinking and the ability to express his thoughts clearly. The problem of applying elements of mathematical logic to the educational process in mathematics is not the introduction of a separate logic as an academic subject, but the need to consider its elements as an important tool that increases the impact on the logical development of younger schoolchildren, considering mathematics as an integral part of learning. Mathematics provides real prerequisites for the development of students' logical thinking, and the teacher's task is to make full use of these opportunities to teach children mathematics in order to get good results. As Barakina V.T. notes, when applying elements of mathematical logic in mathematics lessons in elementary school, knowledge of elements of set theory, expression theory, combinatorics is necessary to form students' knowledge, skills and abilities. The article presents the concepts of statements, logical connections, logical operations, concepts of Euler circles and provides examples. It is also emphasized that the assimilation of elements of mathematical logic contributes to a better assimilation of mathematical ideas, methods and mathematical language, the formation of a logical culture of each student at a high level.
NOVOS BIOMARCADORES CARDÍACOS EM UM PERFIL DEMOGRÁFICO DE IDOSOS COM INFARTO AGUDO DO MIOCÁRDIO NO BRASIL
Authors:   Gabriel Rezende, Mascarenhas Fernanda , Siqueira Kevellem ,   Victor Eduardo
Published: October 2024

O infarto agudo do miocárdio é um distúrbio de angina decorrente da morte de miócitos cardíacos causada por uma formação de coágulo que interrompe o fluxo sanguíneo, como consequência a falta de nutrientes por esse estreitamento das artérias coronarianas. Com a expectativa de ser a principal causa isolada de morte no Brasil, o infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) é classificado como uma das principais doenças que acometem o sistema cardiovascular. O objetivo deste estudo é a utilização de novos biomarcadores cardíacos no IAM em idosos, para um diagnóstico precoce. A metodologia deste estudo é uma pesquisa bibliográfica do tipo descritiva mediada por base de de dados coletados em PUBEMD,Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Biblioteca virtual em saúde (BVS), LILACS e Google Acadêmico ademais palavras empregadas nos descritores: “ Infarto agudo do miocárdio ”; “marcadores cardíacos” e “infartos em idosos”. Espera-se deste estudo que os novos biomarcadores cardiacos demonstre a eficácia na identificação do IAM além da agilidade. A pesquisa pretende estabelecer que os novos biomarcadores cardiacos seja o método confiavel, proporcionando diagnostico precoce e precisos.
RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL DO ESTADO SOB O PRISMA DA TEORIA DO RISCO ADMINISTRATIVO
Authors: Caetano Juliany Cristiny , Souza Rebeca Leite de
Published: October 2024

The civil liability of the State, from the perspective of the Administrative Risk Theory, is a central theme in the study of administrative law, reflecting the idea that the State must respond for damages caused to third parties, regardless of the existence of fault, whenever there is occurrence of an administrative risk. This theory maintains that, when exercising its functions, the State creates situations that, by their very nature, can create risks for citizens, and must therefore bear the consequences of their acts, even if lawful, as long as they result in harm to others. . The study aims to analyze the application of the Administrative Risk Theory in the State's civil liability, exploring its foundations, limitations and practical implications. The methodology used was a bibliographic review, which allowed an in-depth analysis of the doctrines and jurisprudence on the topic. It is concluded that the Administrative Risk Theory presents itself as an essential mechanism to ensure the protection of citizens' rights in the face of state actions, guaranteeing the State's accountability in an objective and efficient manner.
UNDERSTANDING ATOPIC DERMATITIS: CHALLENGES AND ADVANCES IN PEDIATRIC CARE
Authors: Bonon Milena Raquel Charbel Dias
Published: October 2024

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a significant concern in pediatric health, affecting a large number of children globally and frequently continuing into adulthood. Characterized by itchy and inflamed skin, AD is not only a dermatological issue but is also linked to various allergic conditions, such as asthma and allergic rhinitis. The complexity of AD necessitates early recognition and effective management strategies to reduce the adverse effects on children's quality of life and that of their families. Recent studies have focused on different aspects of AD, including its phenotypes and preventive measures like emollient and probiotic use. Although there is currently no definitive cure, treatment strategies aimed at restoring the skin barrier and controlling inflammation have shown encouraging results. These approaches emphasize the importance of maintaining skin hydration and addressing inflammatory responses, thereby helping to alleviate symptoms. Furthermore, research has highlighted the role of environmental factors and genetic predispositions in the development of AD and its associated comorbidities. As such, ongoing research into innovative therapies and preventive strategies is essential for improving care outcomes. The integration of current knowledge regarding AD, alongside practical preventive and treatment approaches, holds promise for enhancing the overall health and well-being of affected children and their families. This comprehensive understanding underscores the need for continued efforts in both research and clinical practice to tackle the challenges posed by atopic dermatitis.
COBERTURA VACINAL DA POLIOMIELITE NO MUNICÍPIO DE AURORA-CE: IMPACTOS DURANTE A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19
Authors: Macedo Sâmya Flavya Nascimento , Neta Raimunda Leite de Alencar , Medeiros Renata Lívia Silva Fonsêca Moreira de , Souza Anne Caroline de , Oliveira Geane Silva
Published: October 2024

A diminuição da cobertura vacinal (CV) entre crianças, sobretudo a poliomielite, vem se tornando uma preocupação cada vez mais crescente. Essa baixa adesão, que agravou-se durante a pandemia de COVID-19, pode levar ao retorno de doenças controladas anteriormente, resultando em surtos que poderiam facilmente ser evitados. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o percentual da cobertura vacinal das vacinas contra a poliomielite (VIP e VOP) no município de Aurora-CE, tendo destaque os anos da pandemia de COVID-19. Foi realizado um estudo transversal, descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, realizado através de dados secundários. A coleta foi realizada em julho de 2024, através de dados disponibilizados pelo Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC) e Sistema de Informações do Programa Nacional de Imunizações (SI-PNI) e coletados do DataSUS. Para a análise estatística das frequências absolutas e relativas foram utilizadas as variáveis: tipo de vacina, doses aplicadas e ano. Em seguida foi utilizado o teste t de Student, para comparar a relação entre o cenário pré-pandêmico (2018-2019) e pandêmico (2020-2021), através dos softwares R e RStudio. Observou-se um declínio na CV de VIP (D1) que passou de 144,66% em 2018 para 69,32% em 2021; a terceira dose (D3) foi a mais prejudicada durante esse período, no qual passou de 88,22% em 2018 para 55,25% em 2021. Ao se observar as doses de reforço da VOP (R1 e R2) a declínio foi expressivo no segundo reforço, que passou de 34,93% em 2018 para 4,76% em 2021. Esses resultados revelam que houve uma piora significativa da CV durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Dessa forma, a pandemia de COVID-19 exacerbou a queda na CV, especialmente para o segundo reforço da poliomielite, que atingiu alarmantes 4,76% em 2021. Sendo evidente a necessidade de intensificar as campanhas de multivacinação e a realização de novos estudos sobre o tema.
CORREÇÃO CIRÚRGICA DE DESVIO PORTOSSISTEMICO EXTRA-HEPÁTICO COM UTILIZAÇÃO DE BANDA DE CELOFANE EM YORKSHIRE: RELATO DE CASO:
Authors: Bittencourt Alessandra Oliveira Ghezzi , Lakowicz Me. Carolina , Cruz Matheus Barbosa Gomes
Published: October 2024

O desvio portissitêmico consiste numa anomalia vascular que cria uma comunicação entre um ou mais vasos do sistema portal com a veia cava caudal. Essa comunicação permite que parte do sangue que deveria ser metabolizado no fígado, chegue até a circulação sistêmica sem a devida metabolização, causando alterações de diversas desordens no paciente. O presente relato de caso refere-se ao tratamento cirúrgico de um paciente filhote, da raça Yorkshire Terrier, que apresentava déficit no crescimento, hiporexia, microhepatia, presença de cálculo de biurato de amônio em urinálise e alterações hematológicas, sendo diagnosticado após a realização de angiotomografia computadorizada, como portador de desvio portissitêmico extra-hepático congênito. A técnica cirúrgica escolhida para a correção foi a da utilização da banda de celofane, que realiza a oclusão progressiva do vaso por uma reação inflamatória adjacente à sua implantação. Essa oclusão progressiva é necessária para que a circulação seja restabelecida de maneira gradual evitando assim, que complicações sejam somadas ao quadro. A cirurgia foi realizada com sucesso e o pós-operatório do paciente transcorreu com sinais já esperados para técnica cirúrgica e sem grandes intercorrências.
Toxicity of Domoic Acid
Authors: Kara Mehtap
Published: October 2024

Cases of poisoning caused by seafood are common around the world, especially in developing sea and ocean coastal countries. Domoic acid, which became popular with the mass poisoning case in the 1980s, was actually used in alternative treatment practices. Poisoning caused by domoic acid is called amnesic shellfish poisoning. Although poisoning caused by humans attracts more attention, mass poisoning cases caused by other creatures such as sea lions are also important for the ecosystem. Domoic acid poisoning cases are mostly observed after algal blooms. The effects of acute poisoning are fatal and can also lead to chronic poisoning, leading to serious neurological disorders in the longer term. Several different species of Pseudo-nitzschia produced the domoic acid. There is no complete treatment for domoic acid poisoning yet, and studies on treatment strategies are continuing.
Hexavalent Chromium
Authors: Celik Ahmet
Published: October 2024

Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a highly toxic heavy metal widely recognized as a significant environmental pollutant. Predominantly produced through industrial activities, Cr(VI) is extensively utilized in various sectors, including electroplating, tanning, textile dyeing, and chemical manufacturing. Unlike trivalent chromium (Cr(III)), which is less harmful and essential for human health, Cr(VI) is highly soluble, mobile, and capable of penetrating biological membranes, leading to severe toxic effects.

Cr(VI) contamination originates from both natural sources, such as weathering of chromium-containing rocks, and anthropogenic activities, notably industrial discharges. Its presence in the environment adversely impacts soil microbial communities and poses substantial health risks to humans and animals, including lung cancer, skin ulcers, and reproductive issues.

This chapter highlights the need for effective remediation strategies to address Cr(VI) pollution. It discusses the chemical properties, sources, and environmental and health impacts of hexavalent chromium, emphasizing the pressing necessity for advanced technologies to treat industrial wastewater and mitigate Cr(VI) contamination.