bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical Characteristics of Glucosamine from Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus pelagicus) Shell Prepared by Acid Hydrolysis
Authors: KRAISANGSRI Jittrakan , NALINANON Sitthipong , RIEBROY Siriporn , YARNPAKDEE Suthasinee , GANESAN Palanivel
Published: November 2020

The aim of this research was to characterize glucosamine hydrochloride (GluHCl) from the shell of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus). The crab shell was finely milled and processed to chitin prior to HCl hydrolysis using 30 % HCl for 30 min at 100 ºC for glucosamine production. The resultant glucosamine was recovered by crystallization using 95 % ethanol and was dried in a hot air oven. The color of the glucosamine crystals, expressed as L*, a*, and b*, was 83.01, 5.03, and -3.38, respectively. Crab shell glucosamine had high purity, which could be strongly stained by ninhydrin and presented at the same Rf of standard D-glucosamine using thin layer chromatography. Furthermore, prepared glucosamine exhibited similar Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum as standard D-glucosamine. Glucosamine from blue swimming crab shell had high purity as determined by HPLC and contained 808.15 mg D-glucosamine/g sample. The maximal transition temperature (Tmax) and the total enthalpy (ΔH) of prepared glucosamine were 194 ºC and 754.42 J/g, respectively. As a consequence, with the presented method, the resultant glucosamine was characterized to be D-glucosamine. Therefore, blue swimming crab shell, a byproduct from crab meat processing, has high potential as a raw material to produce glucosamine for food and nutraceutical applications.
Ethnobotany of Phu Thai Ethnic Group in Nakhon Phanom Province, Thailand
Authors: PHOLHIAMHAN Rapeeporn , SAENSOUK Surapon , SAENSOUK Piyaporn
Published: November 2020

The present study aimed to study the diversity of plants used by Phu Thai ethnic groups in Nakhon Phanom province, and to find out the correlation between genders, age, and indigenous knowledge of the Phu Thai groups. The data were analyzed by using independent-samples t-test, one way ANOVA, cultural importance index (CI), informant consensus factor (ICF), and fidelity level (FL %). The results showed that there were 329 plant species from 89 families used in the daily life by the Phu Thai.The largest number of plant species were from Fabaceae (42 species, 12.77 %), followed by Zingiberaceae (20 species, 6.07 %), and Poaceae (15 species, 4.56 %). One hundred and ninety nine species were edible and used for consumption, 176 species for medicine, 56 species for cultural purposes, and 79 for other uses. The highest informant consensus factor (ICF) of medicinal plants were calculated for injuries (ICF = 0.961) indicating the highest degree of agreement among the informants knowledge of medicinal plants used to treat disorders in this category. The highest fidelity level (FL %) values were calculated for Crinum asiaticum L. var. asiaticum (93.62%), showing the conformity of knowledge regarding use of this plant to heal ankle sprains and postpartum women.          The CI values were calculated for Oryza sativa L. (CI = 2.74), followed by Saccharum officinarum L. (CI = 2.64), and Cocos nucifera L. (CI = 2.57), respectively. The most frequently used parts of the plant were leaves (82 species; 21.20 %) followed by fruits (70 species; 17.99 %), and stems (46 species; 11.85 %). Tree was the most common plant habit (77 species; 26.50 %), followed by the herb (72 species; 22.90 %), and climber (34 species; 9.20 %). The plants were gathered from cultivated fields more than from the forest. The ethnobotanical knowledge listed by males and females did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). The older informants had significantly more knowledge of medicinal plant uses than younger informants (p < 0.05). The Phu Thai ethnic group used Oryza sativa L. to make glutinous fermented liquors called “U”. It contains a variety of plants such as Alpinia galangal (L.) Willd., Lepisanthes rubiginosa (Roxb.) Leenh., Albizia myriophylla Benth., Paederia linearis Hook. f. var. linearis, Saccharum officinarum L., Streptocaulon juventas (Lour.) Merr., Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. ex Kurz, Harrisonia perforata (Blanco) Merr., and Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze.
Cultivation Performance of Pleurotus salmoneostramineus Mushroom on Wastes of Date-palm Trunk, Phoenix dactylifera L., and Woodworking Sawdust
Authors: OWAID Mustafa Nadhim , AL-SAEEDI Sajid Salahuddin Saleem , ABED Idham Ali
Published: November 2020

The objective of this study is to produce Pleurotus salmoneostramineus pink oyster mushroom using organic farming from some surplus local organic wastes, viz., the WSF1 formula (70 % wheat straw, 20 % woodworking sawdust, and 10 % date-palm fiber), the WSF2 formula (50 % wheat straw, 30 % woodworking sawdust, and 20 % date-palm fiber), the S formula (woodworking sawdust), the F formula (fibers of date-palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) trunk), and the W formula (wheat straw) as a control. The WSF1 formula gave the best yield and biological efficiency (163.2 g/bag and 45.5 %, respectively) with significant differences (p < 0.05), while the S formula test recorded 27.8 g/bags and 6.5 %, respectively. However, F formula showed the highest number, reaching 35 basidiocarps in comparison to the control (wheat straw, 30 basidiocarps), followed by 28 basidiocarps with the WSF1 formula, whereas the S formula showed the lowest number of basidiocarps (6 basidiocarps). However, the WSF1 formula showed the best rate of basidiocarp weight (5.7 g) and diameter of pileus (9.0 cm). Significantly (p < 0.05), the WSF1 formula showed a shorter length (11.9 mm), which was considered to be the best value in comparison with the control (19.5 mm). The S formula exhibited a low diameter of pileus (6.6 cm) and a longer stipe (18.6 mm), respectively. In conclusion, WSF1 is considered to be the best formula for the cultivation of this mushroom.
Thermal Efficiency of a New Prototype of Evacuated Tube Collector using Sn-Al2O3 as a Selective Solar Absorber
Authors: WAMAE Warisa , SURIWONG Tawat , THRERUJIRAPAPONG Thotsaphon
Published: November 2020

Three tin pigmented aluminium oxide (Sn-Al2O3)films were prepared with different tin content using an anodization process, which is applied as a selective solar absorber in a new prototype of evacuated tube collector (ETC). The morphology and distribution of elements on the coatings were characterized using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipped with an Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyzer. The spectrally selective properties, defined as the ratio of solar absorptance (αsol) to thermal emittance (εtherm) were examined. In order to investigate the thermal performance of ETC using Sn-Al2O3 on an Al fin as a solar receiver, thermal efficiency (η) of the ETC was collected under steady-state conditions, as prescribed by ISO 9806-1 standard. The results, of the Sn-Al2O3 coatings reached a darker black colour with an increase in the colouring time. The samples were composed of different contents of Sn in the Al2O3 layer. The solar selectivity (αsol/εtherm) significantly increased with the increases in Sn content. The maximum thermal efficiency (ηmax) of the ETC under the nearly constant heat loss coefficient (UL), was obviously increased with the increasing Sn content. Therefore, the Sn-Al2O3 with different Sn contents is a good candidate for selective solar absorbers in a new prototype of ETC.
Development and Characterization of Polypropylene/Polyethylene Vinyl Acetate/Micro Cellulose Trays as a Prototype for Chilled Food Packaging Application
Authors: MHUMAK Chutikan , PECHYEN Chiravoot
Published: November 2020

Cellulose and polypropylene (PP) were successfully designed as a composite material. To obtain higher efficiency, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) with vinyl acetate (VA) content 28 % was integrated as a coupling agent. The presence of EVA improved the composite compatibility and polypropylene matrix toughness under low temperatures. The composite was compounded by twin screw extrusion (TSE) with 30 part of EVA per hundred parts of resin (phr) and varying ratios of cellulose 5, 10, 20 and 30 phr, respectively. The effects of cellulose and EVA on properties of the composite were investigated. Thermal degradation temperature of PP/cellulose composites with and without EVA was higher than pure PP. The impact strength of the composite with EVA was increased compared to composite without EVA. PP/EVA/cellulose-10 phr is the best condition which showed a very high elongation at break and tan δ. In conclusion, the role of cellulose and EVA could improve the thermal stability and flexibility of thermoplastic composites and would be useful in packaging chilled food.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Contaminants by BiVO4/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite
Authors: TRINH Dang Trung Tri , CHANNEI Duangdao , KHANITCHAIDECHA Willawan , NAKARUK Auppatham
Published: November 2020

In the present work, a nanocomposite of bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) and Graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized successfully by using hydrothermal process. The properties of BiVO4/GO nanocomposite were examined by various techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD data indicated that pure BiVO4 nanoparticles had a monoclinic structure. Similarly, BiVO4/GO nanocomposite had the same structure without the peak of GO due to the transmission from GO to reduced GO during hydrothermal process. TEM images revealed that BiVO4 particles were integrated effectively with the GO sheets. The photocatalysis performance was evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue (MB) in an aqueous under the irradiation of visible light. The result showed that BiVO4/GO nanocomposites had higher photocatalytic activity than pure BiVO4 nanoparticles. The explanation was that GO sheets enhanced the separation of electron–hole pairs and the adsorbent capacity leading to improved photocatalytic activity.
Câferîler’de İctihâd Ehliyetinin Şartları
Authors: ERGÜVEN Nizamettin
Published: November 2020

Şer’i delillerden hüküm istinbât edebilmek ictihâd, bunu yapabilecek seviyede olan kişi de müctehid olarak isimlendirilmiştir. Ahkâmla alakalı her konuda istin-bat/ictihâd etme kabiliyeti olan âlime/fakihe mutlak müctehid, bazı konularda ictihâd edebilene ise mütecezzi/mukayyed/kısmî müctehid denilir. Bu çalışmada Câferî âlimlerin mutlak müctehid için gerekli gördüğü şartlar konu edinilmiştir. Bu şartlardan bazıları zaruri bazıları ise tamamlayıcı kabul edilmiştir. Zaruri olanlar arasında; Arapça, Mantık, Kelâm, Kitap/Tefsir, Hadis/Sünnet, Rical, Usûlü’l-Fıkh, Furûü’l-Fıkh, İcma bilgisi ile İctihâd Melekesine sahip olma zikredilir. Tamamlayıcı olarak da; Astronomi, Tıp, Geometri ve Matematik sayılır. Câferî alimler gerekli görülen bu ilimlerden bazıları konusunda ihtilaf etmektedirler. Çalışma boyunca bu farklılıklar ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Sünnî âlimlerin bu şartlar konusundaki görüşlerine de mukayese amaçlı değinilmiştir. Sünnî âlimlerin müctehid için gerekli gördükleri şartları genelde Câferî âlimlerin de gerekli gördüğü, bu konuda farklılığın cüzi bazı konularda olduğu makalemizde anlaşılacaktır.
EuChemS congratulates FACS on its 40th Anniversary
Authors: Rutjes Floris , Goya Laza Pilar , Cole-Hamilton David
Published: November 2020

The European Chemical Society (EuChemS) offers its heartiest congratulations to the Federation of Asian Chemical Societies on the 40th Anniversary of its foundation. We also congratulate FACS on the introduction of this new magazine, AsiaChem, which promises to be a fascinating addition to general chemistry magazines.
Engines of discovery: Computers in advanced synthesis planning and identification of drug candidates
Authors: Grzybowski Bartosz A.
Published: November 2020

After over five decades of efforts, computers have recently begun to plan chemical syntheses of complex targets at a level comparable to human experts. With this milestone achieved, it is now time to ponder not only how the machines will accelerate and multiplex synthetic design, but also how they will guide the discovery of new targets having desired properties.
Interview with Prof. Yuan Tseh Lee
Authors: Keinan Ehud
Published: November 2020

Interview with Prof. Yuan Tseh Lee, Academia Sinica
Chemistry in a post-Covid-19 world
Authors: Mehta Goverdhan , Krief Alain , Hopf Henning , Matlin Stephen A.
Published: November 2020

The long-term impacts of global upheaval unleashed by Covid-19 on economic, political, social configurations, trade, everyday life in general, and broader planetary sustainability issues are still unfolding and a full assessment will take some time. However, in the short term, the disruptive effects of the pandemic on health, education, and behaviors and on science and education have already manifested themselves profoundly – and the chemistry arena is also deeply affected. There will be ramifications for many facets of chemistry’s ambit, including how it repositions itself and how it is taught, researched, practiced, and resourced within the rapidly shifting post-Covid-19 contexts. The implications for chemistry are discussed hereunder three broad headings, relating to trends (a) within the field of knowledge transfer; (b) in knowledge application and translational research; and (c) affecting academic/professional life.
The Federation of Asian Chemical Societies: Forty years on
Authors: Spurling Thomas H. , Webb John M.
Published: November 2020

In the 1970s UNESCO and many national aid agencies understood the important role that the application of chemistry had in developing the social, economic, and environmental wellbeing of nations. UNESCO also understood the vital role that professional societies play in fostering chemical capability and helped organize the formation of the Federation of Asian Chemical Societies (FACS).
The 18th Asian Chemical Congress and the 20th General Assembly of the FACS
Authors: Keinan Ehud
Published: November 2020

Most global challenges, including global warming, food for everybody, the race for sustainable energy, water quality, dwindling raw materials, and health problems, are chemical problems by nature. Therefore, Humankind cannot meet these challenges without the chemical sciences and will not solve any of these problems without global cooperation. Chemists have always been doing much better than politicians in meeting these challenges, working together across borders through unique collaboration and friendship. Despite fundamentally different political systems and cultural diversity, chemists go beyond borders, find each other, share their findings, and solve problems together.
Fatty acid profile of muscles and adipose tissues of fat-tail Barbarine lambs as affected by rosemary residue intake
Authors: Yagoubi Yathreb , Smeti Samir , Mekki Ilyes , Bertolín Juan Ramón , Ripoll Guillermo , Joy Margalida , Mahouachi Mokhtar , Atti Naziha
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The rosemary distillation industry produces a considerable amount
of rosemary distillation residues (RRs), which can be an alternative for
feeding animals in harsh conditions and could enhance animal product
quality. Given the meat quality is largely influenced by its fat content and fatty acid composition, the fatty acid (FA) profiles of longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL), semi-membranous (SM)
muscles, and caudal (CFs) and omental fats (OFs) were determined using 21 Barbarine lambs fed with or without RRs. Diets contained 600 g of concentrate plus 600 g of forage. Forage
represented oat hay, RR87 and RR60 pellets containing 87 % or 60 % of RR,
respectively. At the end of the study, all lambs were slaughtered, and the fatty acid profile was studied. The inclusion of RR increased the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)
contents and reduced saturated fatty acids (SFAs), and the thrombogenic and
saturation indexes in all tissues. The SM muscle was the richest tissue in PUFAs, n-3 and n-6; however, both adipose tissues contained the highest proportions of SFAs. Especially the OF was the richest tissue in oleic acid and SFAs. Feeding RR to lambs enhanced meat quality.
Implementation of the RCIP scheme and its performance for 1-D age computations in ice-sheet models
Authors: Saito Fuyuki , Obase Takashi , Abe-Ouchi Ayako
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Ice-sheet age computations are formulated using an Eulerian advection
equation,
and there are many schemes that can be used to solve them numerically.
Typically, these differ in
numerical characteristics such as stability, accuracy, and diffusivity.
Furthermore, although various methods have been presented for ice-sheet age computations,
the constrained interpolation profile method and its variants have
not been examined in this context.
The present study introduces one of its variants, a rational function-based
constrained interpolation profile (RCIP) scheme, to one-dimensional ice age
computation
and demonstrates its performance levels via comparisons with those
obtained from first- and second-order upwind schemes.
Our results show that the RCIP scheme preserves the pattern of input
surface mass balance histories in terms of the vertical profile of internal
annual layer thickness better than the other schemes.
Vitamin C and nitrates contents in fruit and vegetables from farmers' markets and supermarkets
Authors: Sabolová Monika , Kouřimská Lenka
Published: November 2020

Fruits and vegetables are the best food sources of vitamin C. However, fruits and vegetables can be also sources of potentially harmful substances to the human body, nitrates being one of these. The aim of this study was to compare vitamin C and nitrates contents in selected fruits and vegetables from supermarkets and local farmers' markets. Samples of plums, strawberries, apples, spinach, red peppers and tomatoes were chosen for analysis. Content of vitamin C and nitrates was analyzed by HPLC/DAD. The hypothesis was that local market fruits and vegetables contain more vitamin C and fewer nitrates than samples bought in supermarkets. Laboratory analyses showed that there were differences in vitamin C in the case of strawberries, tomatoes and red peppers. The highest level of ascorbic acid was in red pepper samples (141 mg.100g-1). In the case of fruit, the highest content was in strawberries (70 mg.100g-1). As far as nitrates content is concerned, in three cases out of six, the fruit and vegetables we tested from farmers' markets contained lower concentrations of nitrates than those purchased at supermarkets and the hypothesis was accepted in these cases. There was no significant difference between the nitrate content of the local market and supermarket strawberries and red peppers. Tomatoes had significantly higher nitrate content when purchased at farmers' markets than at supermarkets. Leafy vegetables are considered to be the major source of nitrates, and this was confirmed by this study. The highest content of nitrates was in the spinach sample (2969 mg.kg-1). Among all fruit samples, strawberries had the highest nitrates levels (maximum 131 mg.kg-1). The results of this work showed that the content of ascorbic acid and nitrates differs significantly depending on the type of fruit or vegetables.
Influence of different storage conditions on the occurrence of Enterococci in smear ripened cheeses
Authors: Cwiková Olga , Franke Gabriela
Published: November 2020

The number of enterococci was monitored in smear-ripened cheeses stored under different temperature regimes. Sampling and subsequent analyses were performed on the day of manufacture (A/0 = B/0 = C/0), at the end of BBD (A/35, B/35, C/35), two weeks after BBD (A/49, B/49), and eight weeks after BBD (C/91). No statistical difference (p >0.05) was found in the numbers of enterococci in cheeses stored under different temperature regimes until the Best-Before date or at the end of monitoring after 49 and 91 days respectively. At the beginning of storage (A/0, B/0, C/0), the numbers of enterococci in cheeses were 2.3 log CFU.g-1. The highest number of enterococci was recorded after 49 days of storage at 6 °C at 5.4 log CFU.g-1. During storage, there was an increase (p <0.05) in the numbers of enterococci in all types of temperature regimes. Enterococci content was influenced (p <0.05) by both the storage period and storage method (temperature regime).
The qualitative parameters of potato tubers in dependence on variety and duration of storage
Authors: Davydenko Andriy , Podpriatov Hryhorii , Gunko Sergiy , Voitsekhivskyi Volodymyr , Zavadska Oksana , Bober Anatoliy
Published: November 2020

The qualitative parameters of the potatoes tubers may be significantly changed depending on the variety, group of ripening, way, regime, and duration of storage. So, these researches aimed to define the influence of the variety characteristics and duration storage on qualitative parameters of tuber potatoes. Five potato varieties of two ripening groups were used for testing: medium-early (Satina, Red Lady, Mozart) and medium-ripe (Aroza, Sifra). The chemical properties such as dry matters (DM), starch, sugars (total and reducing), crude protein (CP), ascorbic acid (AA), and nitrates content were determined before and after 2, 4, and 6 months of storage. DM lost during the storage of potato tubers, especially during the period from 4 to 6 months. The group of ripening did not influence this index. Potato tubers of all varieties had high starch content and the duration of storage had a light effect on the level of its losses. In the medium-early group, maximum changes of starch were 1% but in the medium-ripe – 1.9%. A strong effect on the quantities of total sugars (TS) had varietal characteristics of the potato but a group of ripening had light influence. The highest content of sugars was Satin (0.65%) and the smallest Sifra (0.22%) and Mozart (0.23%). After 6 months of storage content of TS depending on the variety increased from 2 till 5 times, while the reducing sugars (RS) increased at least five times and at the end of storage were 0.4% to 0.65%. The amount of AA and its losses during storage depended on the variety. The relative losses during the total storage period were 21.9% in the medium-early group and 28.1% in the medium-ripe. Influence ripening group on level changing AA was not detected. Nitrates' content did not exceed the maximum permissible level (250 mg.kg-1).  Their quantities after 6 months were 47 – 61 mg.kg-1.
Patin (Pangasius hypophthalmus) fish protein concentrate alters insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and igf binding protein (IGFBP)-3 level of sprague dawley neonate rats-induced malnutrition
Authors: Abdullah Annisa Zikra , Fitri Samnil Astuti , Muniroh Muflihatul , Agustini Tri Winarni
Published: November 2020

Malnutrition is caused by inadequate protein intake and affects growth factor. High protein from patin (Pangasius hypophthalmus) fish is a well-known protein source. This study aims to investigate the effect of patin fish protein concentrate (PFPC) in the IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 level of Sprague Dawley (SD) neonate rats-induced malnutrition. Thirty male SD neonate rats were divided randomly into five groups, namely normal control (K1), malnutrition control (K2), malnutrition with PFPC 13.26 mg.g-1 body weight (BW)/day (X1), malnutrition with PFPC 19.89 mg.g-1 BW/d (X2), and malnutrition with casein supplement 13.26 mg.g-1 BW/d (X3). K1 received a standard diet, while the others received a low 8% protein diet (L8PD) since those were born until 21 days. The standard diet was refed for all groups during the intervention (14 days). IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels were measured by ELISA. Normal data were analyzed by using One-way ANOVA which then was followed by post-hoc Bonferroni. Meanwhile, the others were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis and followed by Mann-Whitney U-test. Spearman test was used for correlation. PFPC contained 81.07% of protein, 4.08% of fat, 7.24% of moisture, 2.77% of ash, and 4.83% of carbohydrate. These contents had affected the growth factor. As a result, in the PFPC intervention, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3 levels (p <0.05) were decreased, while the controls were increased. The decreased values were shown in IGFBP-3 levels (p <0.05) while the increase was shown in both controls. On the other hand, the increase in body weight was shown in all groups, including control ones. A strong correlation was found between IGF-1 and IGFBP-3. PFPC has additional value on repairing malnutrition that is the best dose in effecting IGF-1 dan IGFBP3 levels is 13.26 mg.g-1 BW/d.
Determination of selected terpenic substances in grapes and wine of the cultivar Pálava
Authors: Cehula Marcela , Kumsta Michal , Sotolar Radek , Sochorova Lenka , Jurikova Tunde , Mlcek Jiri , Baron Mojmir , Sochor Jiri
Published: November 2020

The presented study is focused on the determination of the content of terpenic substances in grapes and subsequently produced a wine of Czech variety Pálava (the Czech Republic, wine region Morava), which is a protected landscape with long-term tradition and culture. The aim of this study was the analysis of the aromatic profile of the cultivar Pálava, which was fermented by the original yeast strains from the Moravian wine region. Larger amounts of flavoring substances occur in grapes as bound flavoring substances, most often in the form of glycosides. One of the basic groups of aromatic substances is monoterpenes. The content of twelve free and bound terpenic substances was measured by the GC-MS method, namely linalool, ho-trineol, α-terpeniol, β-citronellol, nerol, geraniol, furan linalool oxide 1, furan linalool oxide 2, nerol oxide, epoxylinalol 1, epoxylinalol 2 and 2,6-dimethyl-3,7-octadiene-2,6-diol. The results were statistically compared by using a simple descriptive statistical method and ANOVA method. We noted a difference between the content of free and bound terpenes was very significant (p ≤0.05). We found that using uncommercial yeasts could have an effect on the content of the volatile and terpenic compounds in wines. An important finding was that in fresh berry extracts there was a higher proportion of bound terpenes than free terpenes. The results have shown that the production technology of wine and the fermentation process has a clear impact on the content of the substances.
Analysis of pork adulteration in the corned products using FTIR associated with chemometrics analysis
Authors: Guntarti Any , Ahda Mustofa , Kusbandari Aprilia , Natalie Faradita
Published: November 2020

Meat-based foods such as beef corned became one of the targets of counterfeiting with pork because relatively cheaper. This becomes a serious problem for Muslims, especially in Indonesia. One method that can be used to detect fat was Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively analyze and a group of corned beef and corned pork using FTIR spectrophotometry combined with chemometrics. Reference samples corned pork-beef made of 7 various concentration (0%, 25%, 35%, 50%, 65%, 75%, 100%) and 6 product samples purchased in the Umbulharjo, Yogyakarta. Extraction was carried out by the soxhlet apparatus using n-hexane technical solvent for 4 – 5 hours at 69 – 70 °C. Fat analyzed using FTIR spectrophotometry for generating infrared spectral data then processed with Partial least square (PLS) chemometrics for quantitative analysis and Principal component analysis (PCA) for grouping. Results of quantitative analysis chemometrics PLS, selected areas fingerprints for analysis corned pork-beef was 1180 – 730 cm-1 with R2 0.9833; RMSEC 2.06%; RMSEP 1.65% and RMSECV 2.22%. The results of PCA showed groupings in different quadrants between corned pork 100% and corned beef 100%. Results showed that FTIR spectrophotometry combined with chemometrics can be used for quantitative analysis and grouping of pork corned and beef corned on the market but it can not identify pork in corned after choking process.
The Global War Against the Novel Coronavirus Enemy: What Is COVID-19? Of Course, Nothing Is Certain Yet
Authors: Mohamed Elham F. , Awad Gamal
Published: November 2020

In this review, the new Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic problem was discussed. This concept was covered via answer the comment questions about the new COVID-19 problems. The main objective of this review is to supply a comprehensive knowledge in the definition of COVID-19, Corona virus concept, discusses the infection common symptoms, the transmission, diagnosis, and management of COVID-19. Finally, we provide a tool and recommendations to avoid infection spread. In this review, we collected data from diverse research reports such as the World Health Organization (WHO), guidelines and other articles. Because of the wide and fast spread of the virus, academic researchers, environmental scientists, antiviral designs, vaccine development against the virus and providers of health care are expected to acquire current information and future outlooks of the new pandemic coronavirus.
The Impact of Placing Electronic Word of Mouth on Instagram on Consumers’ Purchase Intention: Case Study of Food Products in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Masoud Nora Abdullah
Published: November 2020

Social media networks like Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn, present promising opportunities for facilitating usability of e-WOM as a rising purchase decision-making tool. In tandem, this study aimed at looking into the impact of placing the e-WOM on Instagram on consumers’ purchase intention to food products in the KSA with a focus on purchase intention and decision. A quantitative research strategy was adopted through the survey method, where questionnaires were distributed through online survey-monkey to Instagram subscribers and dwellers of the KSA. Descriptive and inferential statistical data analyses were applied to generate useful information, and a documentary review was performed to supplement the primary findings. This study established that characteristics of e-WOM, attributes of the e-WOM reviewer, characteristics of social media site for e-WOM, demographic aspects of consumer, and reputation of the brand, influence effectiveness of e-WOM and customer purchase intention and decision on products. Significantly, it was established that quality, quantity, recency, and consistency, of e-WOM impact customer purchase intention and purchase decision towards food products. Nevertheless, it was ascertained that most respondents trust e-WOM as an objective and effective purchase decision-making tool. However, this study was conducted in the KSA and majorly employed quantitative rather than mixed-methods methodology, thus limiting its generalizability.This study originates from the need to improve marketing strategies given the growth of social media marketing against traditional marketing. Likewise, it adds value to existing knowledge about marketing practice and recommends further research in comparing the impact of e-WOM on customer purchase intention, decision, experience, and loyalty, across various social media sites and different nations for the generalized understanding of e-WOM as a marketing tool.
Testing of small rectangular hollow sections having welded connections
Authors: Hutchinson D. L.
Published: November 2020

A testing program has been carried out by MWD with the aim of comparing imported hot-rolled and New Zealand-made cold-rolled RHS with welded connections at location of maximum bending. A full description of the experiments is found in Ministry of Works and Development Central Laboratories Report No. 5-80/3. This is available from the Ministry of Works and Development Head Office Library.

The size of section compared was 102 x 51 x 4.9 mm corresponding to the largest size manufactured by New Zealand Steel Limited. Lengths of RHS of respective types were fabricated into 1.83 m long simply supported beams with a fillet-welded dividing plate through the midspan location. Two such beams of the cold-rolled and hot-rolled RHS were loaded monotonically through application of load at the dividing plate.

The cold-rolled beams failed at a rather low maximum deflection ductility of 7.3 and in a manner which indicated a lowered yield stress in the vicinity of the weld of the dividing plate. On the other hand, the hot-rolled beams continued to strain harden to the limit of the test rig, equivalent to a deflection ductility of 29.

While hysteretic testing is needed to draw firm conclusions on the reliability of cold-rolled RHS in energy-absorbing systems, the test series does permit the observation that the material would be inadmissible in a situation where moderate to large member ductility demands were anticipated near welds.
Evaluation of Digital Competency of Public University Students for Web-Facilitated Learning: The Case of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Barri Moatasim A.
Published: November 2020

Our public universities in Saudi Arabia have made considerable investments in digital hardware, on-site training, and online tutorials to improve the quality of e-learning. However, there is an observed gap among students between the expected and actual use of digital technology in their learning. To close that gap, this requires a conceptual evaluation model that illustrates technological actions students are involved in, the level of digital proficiency they are in, type of digital technology they use, and kind of support they need. This study used the Digital Competency Profiler to evaluate the digital competency of public university students in Saudi Arabia. Data on 94 students from a public university were collected using an online platform. Multiple procedures were used for instrument validation, data screening, and data analysis. Findings from the study suggest that the majority of public university students had high digital readiness for performing social and informational skills through smartphones. In addition, most of university students missed all skills in the epistemological competency and some technical skills. Finally, implications for practice, limitations for generalization, and directions for future research are presented.
Using the Problem-Based Learning in STEM Teaching About Bamboo Toothpick Houses
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc-Giang
Published: November 2020

In Vietnam, there are currently stable and comprehensive innovations in the field of education. Educational scientists have shifted from knowledge-focused teaching to competency teaching. Since then, there have been more new research directions in teaching than in the past, such as integrated teaching, practical application of mathematics and STEM teaching, etc. In these directions, STEM teaching is a new and broad topic. In particular, there are many teaching methods used in STEM teaching. Some people use project teaching, some use discovery teaching, and some others use cooperative teaching methods. Through the research process, we found that STEM is an integrated area, so we should choose one of the most appropriate ways to approach it. That is a problem-based learning method. How does STEM teaching work with problem-based learning? To illustrate this STEM teaching work, we will use the design and implementation of the model of a bamboo toothpick house at Ho Chi Minh City International College.
Transitioning into Teaching as a Second Career: Skill Carry-Over, Professional Experience, and Classroom Performance
Authors: Alharbi Abdulaziz S.
Published: November 2020

The editorial board announced this article has been retracted on April 10, 2022. If you have any further question, please contact us at: ies@ccsenet.org
Determinants of Dividends for Real Estate Sector in Jordan
Authors: Yusri AL Khatib Abdullah
Published: November 2020

This study focused on analyzing the internal and external determinants of dividends for an important sector in Jordan which is the real estate sector during 2014 - 2019. For that, dividends per share were considered as dependent variable. On the other hand, internal determinants were measured by current ratio, total assets turnover, fixed assets turnover, and working capital turnover. Also, external variables were measured by GDP growth rate, inflation consumer prices, and unemployment rate.

After conducting the statistical analysis, there was an impact of working capital turnover on dividends per share at 1% significance level. The study inferred from that there was no impact of the rest of internal and external variables on the dividends per share.

As a result from that, the study recommended real estate sector to focus on and analyze working capital turnover. Moreover, it recommended analyzing the changes in external and internal variables during the time to enhance the performance of real estate sector in Jordan.
The Effect of Brand Perceptions on Repurchase When Using the E-Commerce Website for Shopping
Authors: Albarq Abbas N.
Published: November 2020

This study aims to investigate the influence of some critical factors (store/brand perceptions, and trust in the webstore) on online repurchase intention. A pre-validated questionnaire was distributed to a convenience sample with response rate of 95.2% (n = 684) web-store buyers that were examined for assessing the research model. Primary data were collected during the period between December 2019 and February 2020, from respondents in Amman the capital of Jordan. Using AMOS 22.0 software, the collected data were analysed with structural equation modelling (SEM). Confirmatory factory analysis (CFA) was used to estimate the measurement model with respect to convergent and discriminant validities. This was followed by testing the structural model framework and research hypotheses. The results showed that retailers are able to increase trust in the web-store by carrying strong brands, and reap a number of benefits including image enhancement and pre-established demand, it has been found that the store as a brand could turn out to be as important that make it easier for customers to build trust, constituting a strong antecedent of behavioural intentions where behavioural intentions can lead to repurchase patterns. Unlike extant research, this study makes a novel contribution—to adduce evidence as per which both trust and intentions can have impact repurchase as far as web-stores are concerned. The relevancy can be explained with the fact that prior models were only found to have purchase intentions as the final dependent variable.
Verantwoorde algoritmisering: zorgen waardengevoeligheid en transparantie voor meer vertrouwen in algoritmische besluitvorming?
Authors: Grimmelikhuijsen Stephan , Meijer Albert
Published: November 2020

Responsible algorithmization: do value sensitivity and transparency lead to more trust in algorithmic decision-making?

Algorithms are starting to play an increasingly prominent role in government organizations. The argument is that algorithms can make more objective and efficient decisions than humans. At the same time, recent scandals have highlighted that there are still many problems connected to algorithms in the public sector. There is an increasing emphasis on ethical requirements for algorithms and we aim to connect these requirements to insights from public administration on the use of technologies in the public sector. We stress the need for responsible algorithmization – responsible organizational practices around the use of algorithms – and argue that this is needed to maintain the trust of citizens. We present two key components of responsible algorithmization – value-sensitivity and transparency – and show how these components connect to algorithmization and can contribute to citizen trust. We end the article with an agenda for research into the relation between responsible algorithmization and trust.
Transparantie en Explainable Artificial Intelligence: beperkingen en strategieën
Authors: de Bruijn Hans , Janssen Marijn , Warnier Martijn
Published: November 2020

Transparency and explainable artificial intelligence: limits and strategies

This article contains a critical reflection on eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): the idea that AI based decision-making using AI should be transparent to people faced with these decisions. We discuss the main objections to XAI. XAI focuses on a variety of explainees, with different expectations and values; XAI is not a neutral activity, but very value-sensitive; AI is dynamic and so XAI quickly becomes obsolete; many problems are ‘wicked’, which further complicates XAI. In addition, the context of XAI matters – a high level of politicization and a high perceived impact of AI-based decisions, will often result in much criticism of AI and will limit the opportunities of XAI. We also discuss a number of alternative or additional strategies – more attention to negotiated algorithms; to competing algorithms; or to value-sensitive algorithms, which may contribute to more trust in AI-based decision-making.
Een transparant debat over algoritmen
Authors: Gstrein Oskar J. , Zwitter Andrej
Published: November 2020

A transparent debate about algorithms

The police use all sorts of information to fulfil their tasks. Whereas collection and interpretation of information traditionally could only be done by humans, the emergence of ‘Big Data’ creates new opportunities and dilemmas. On the one hand, large amounts of data can be used to train algorithms. This allows them to ‘predict’ offenses such as bicycle theft, burglary, or even serious crimes such as murder and terrorist attacks. On the other hand, highly relevant questions on purpose, effectiveness, and legitimacy of the application of machine learning/‘artificial intelligence’ drown all too often in the ocean of Big Data. This is particularly problematic if such systems are used in the public sector in democracies, where the rule of law applies, and where accountability, as well as the possibility for judicial review, are guaranteed. In this article, we explore the role transparency could play in reconciling these opportunities and dilemmas. While some propose making the systems and data they use themselves transparent, we submit that an open and broad discussion on purpose and objectives should be held during the design process. This might be a more effective way of embedding ethical and legal principles in the technology, and of ensuring legitimacy during application.
Constructieve vergelding revisited
Authors: Kool Renée
Published: November 2020

Constructive retribution revisited. The paradigm of punishment viewed from a restorative justice perspective

Is the concept of ‘retribution’ compatible with restorative justice? Starting from the perspective that retribution is an imperative given and that restorative justice should be a preferent option in coping with crime, the concept of retribution needs to be redesigned. Rethinking retribution needs to take into account the hypersensitive nature and complexity of modern society. Apparently incompatible interests need to be reconciled, paying tribute to the citizenship of both the victim and the perpetrator. Notwithstanding censure to be in place, implying the infliction of ‘pain’, the aim must lie in a reconstruction of civil relationships affirming the victim and the perpetrator to be part of the community. Standards applied must reflect objectivity, implying proportionate punishment, with a preference towards restorative justice because it is the more subsidiary option. Thus, retribution notwithstanding the imperative and painful nature of retribution, the execution should pursue the reconstruction of (civil) relationships.
Een portret van het slachtoffer in het Tijdschrift voor Herstelrecht
Authors: Bosma Alice
Published: November 2020

Characteristics of the victim in Tijdschrift voor Herstelrecht

‘The victim’ is an important figure in restorative justice, but who is this victim? In this article, I will review articles published in this journal between 2005 and 2019 in order to establish the characteristics of victims recognized in the field of restorative justice. It first needs to be noted that there is not one homogeneous victim group. The diversity in victims and their needs calls for research investigating when, for whom, and under which circumstances restorative justice practices lead to victim satisfaction. Many articles reviewed address this question. When I nevertheless try to extract an ideal type of victim of restorative justice, it seems that the victim is agentic and resilient, expresses a wide range of emotions, prioritizes reparation over punitive measures and is overall very satisfied with the restorative justice practice.
Avian influenza surveillance in wild birds using sentinel ducks
Authors: Davganyam Bayarmagnai , Otgontogtokh Nyamsuren , Batmunkh Baljidmaa , Nergui Davaasuren , Tserendorj Ariunaa , Temuujin Uyangaa , Bayasgalan Chimedtseren , Guugandaa Nyamdavaa , Sharav Tumenjargal , Nantsag Batsuuri , Chultemdorj Tungalag , Tseren-Ochir Erdene-Ochir
Published: November 2020

We conducted active surveillance for avian influenza virus using sentinel ducks in central region of Mongolia (Khunt lake Saikhan soum, Bulgan province) that major wild bird habitat and outbreak site of H5N1 HPAI in wild birds in Mongolia from 2005 to 2011. Total of 39/104 (37,5%) samples were positive by insulated isothermal PCR (iiPCR) and 42/104 (40,38%) swab samples were positive by real time PCR (qPCR). In addition, AIV antibody detected in 35/104 (33,65%) serum samples tested by AIV NP ELISA kit. These results indicated that sentinel surveillance using domestic birds could be an effective method for avian pathogens including influenza in Mongolia. Enhanced sentinel surveillance in wild bird populations in Mongolia is therefore crucial for the understanding of global AIV transmission and epidemiology.

Шувууны томуугийн тандах судалгаанд туршуул шувуу (Sentinel bird) байршуулах арга ашигласан дүнгээс

Бид шувууны томуугийн тандах судалгаанд туршуул шувуу байршуулах арга зүйг ашиглах боломжийг судлах зорилгоор урьдчилсан туршилтыг 2019 оны 7-10 сард Булган аймгийн Сайхан сумын Хунт нууранд хийж гүйцэтгэв. Хунт нуур нь олон тооны нүүдлийн усны шувууд зусах болон дайрч өнгөрдөг ач холбогдолтой цэг бөгөөд 2005-2011 онд өндөр хоруу чанартай шувууны томуугийн (HPAI) A/H5N1 дэд хэвшлийн вирус илэрч байсан. Шувуунаас авсан арчдасны зарим дээжийг insulated isothermal PCR (iiPCR)-р шинжлэхэд 39/104 (37,5%), дээж эерэг, бүх дээжийг PCR (qPCR)-р шинжлэхэд 42/104 (40,38%) нь дээж эерэг дүн үзүүлсэн. Харин ийлдсэнд шувууны томуугийн эсрэг бием илрүүлэх ELISA-ийн шинжилгээгээр  35/104 (33,65%) дээжинд  эсрэг бием илэрсэн. Иймд энэ арга зүйг Монгол орны нөхцөлд тохируулан сайжруулж шувууны томуугийн үүсгэгчийг илрүүлэхэд ашиглах нь уг өвчний эпидемиологийн байдлыг танин мэдэхэд чухал ач холбогдолтой  юм.

Түлхүүр үг: нугас, вирус, дархлаа, эпидемиологи, тархалт, ПГУ (Полимеразан  гинжин урвал)