bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bahaya Hewan Liar (Wild Life Hazard) Terhadap Pelayanan Lalu Lintas Penerbangan di Bandar Udara Internasional Hang Nadim Batam
Authors: Nevandy Zaky Alfarisi  , Sonhaji Imam
Published: July 2024

This research was conducted at Hang Nadim International Airport, Batam, to investigate the handling of wildlife hazards that impact flight operations and safety. The research methodology used was qualitative descriptive. Data collection techniques included documentation study and direct field observations from December 2020 to March 2021. The research findings indicated that the presence of wildlife activities at Hang Nadim International Airport can compromise the safety objectives of Air Traffic Service (ATS). Instances of aircraft experiencing delays during takeoff and landing were identified, along with frequent discoveries of bird carcasses on the runway that could become Foreign Object Debris (FOD), thereby affecting the smooth flow of air traffic. Special attention is required to manage wildlife hazards in order to enhance flight operations and safety at Hang Nadim International Airport. Additionally, effective coordination and structured management systems are needed, including the establishment of a dedicated unit for wildlife prevention, the procurement of bird repellent devices for prevention purposes, surveillance and control of bird disturbances in the vicinity of the airport, regular tree felling and land clearance around the airport to prevent wildlife nesting and foraging, and infrastructure improvements to eliminate potential entry points for wildlife into the manouvering and movement areas.
Identification and Characterization Colletotrichum spp. Causing Mango Dieback in Indonesia
Authors: Nurlaelita Khaerani , Wibowo Arif , Widiastuti Ani
Published: July 2024

Dieback disease in mango trees has been observed in Indonesia, particularly in Java Island, with the causal agent remaining unidentified. One of the important pathogens that are responsible for causing mango dieback is Colletotrichum. Field surveys were conducted in various mango cultivating areas in Java Island, Indonesia to assess prevalence of Colletotrichum as dieback disease pathogen. Eleven Colletotrichum isolates were recovered from symptomatic dieback twigs and morphologically characterized. Genetic diversity fingerprint analysis was carried out using rep-PCR. Phylogenetic analysis identified isolates as belonging to Colletotrichum asianum and Colletotrichum cairnsense using partial sequences of four gene regions, including ITS, ACT, GAPDH, and TUB2. Pathogenicity tests on mango seedlings cv. Arumanis showed that all fungal isolates were responsible for causing dieback symptoms. Subsequently, symptomatic tissue was reisolated to fulfill Koch’s Postulate. This study represented new funding for two species of Colletotrichum causing mango dieback in Indonesia.
Investigation of Tissue-Specific Distribution and Genetic Variation of Alfalfa Mosaic Virus and Chinese Artichoke Mosaic Virus in Chinese Artichoke (Stachys affinis miq.)
Authors: Park Ji-Soo , Min Dong-Joo , Park Tae-Seon , Shin You-Seop , Hong Jin-Sung
Published: July 2024

The Chinese artichoke (Stachys affinis syn. S. sieboldii) is a widely cultivated crop, and its rhizome is used as a medicinal vegetable. To investigate the causes of viral diseases in Chinese artichokes, the infection rates of four virus species infecting Chinese artichoke were investigated. Since the Chinese artichoke propagates through its tuber, this study aimed to determine whether viral transmission to the progeny is possible through the tuber, by identifying the virus present in the tuber and investigating its accumulation. First, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed to detect viruses using total RNA extracted from the flowers, leaves, and tubers of Chinese artichoke plants. Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and Chinese artichoke mosaic virus (ChAMV) had high infectivity in Chinese artichoke and most plants were simultaneously infected with AMV and ChAMV. These viruses were present in all tissues, but their detection frequency and accumulation rates varied across different tissues of the Chinese artichoke. Also, we sequenced the coat protein (CP) genes of AMV and ChAMV to investigate genetic variations of virus between the leaf and tuber. It provides information on CP gene sequences and genetic diversity of isolates identified from new hosts of AMV and ChAMV. This study offers valuable insights into the distribution and spread of the ChAMV and AMV within Chinese artichoke plants, which have implications for the management and control of viral infections in crops.
The Transition Between Depressive Episode and Manic Episode During the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Liu Jingyun
Published: July 2024

Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by periodic alternations between depressive and manic episodes. It belongs to a complex group of severe and persistent conditions. This category includes bipolar I disorder (BDI) and bipolar II disorder (BDII). The definition of BDI hinges primarily on the manifestation of a syndromal manic episode. Conversely, BDII is characterized by the occurrence of both a syndromal hypomanic episode and a major depressive episode, which jointly constitute its defining features. BDI is the most common type in clinics. The duration of episodes and the time spent in the manic phases and depressive periods of bipolar disorder are not clearly defined for subtypes of the disorder. This paper analyzes the duration of manic episodes and depressive episodes in bipolar disorder, and explores the switch from major depression to bipolar depression. By analyzing and comparing the data and results in essays, it is still hard to tell the exact duration and the occurrence of the episodes. But the effects of drugs can be summarized during the treatment of bipolar disorders. At the same time, it discovers that during treatment of major depression, bipolar disorder occurs. In conclusion, the duration is different for different people, and it depends on many subjective influences. During treatment of major depression, the transition from major depression to bipolar depression will happen indeed, but the probability is very small. This research may provide a new concern that doctors and scientists should pay more attention to the treatment of such mental diseases and keep an eye on the switch.
Right, Wrong, Logic and Mentality
Authors: Aburass Sanad
Published: July 2024

This paper explores the nuanced relationship between right, wrong, logic, and mentality in ethical decision-making. It argues that ethical judgments are deeply subjective and context-dependent, influenced by individual and collective experiences, cultures, and cognitive frameworks. The paper introduces the metaphor of mentality as the fabric of the mind and logic as Lego pieces, illustrating how cognitive flexibility and logical structure interact to shape our moral understanding. While advocating for a fluid and adaptable approach to morality, the paper asserts the absoluteness of wrongs when actions cause significant harm. The "Twelve Gates of Wrong" framework is proposed to systematically evaluate ethical decisions, emphasizing harm avoidance. This model integrates traditional ethical theoriesvirtue ethics, deontology, and consequentialismwhile addressing the complexities of modern moral dilemmas. By balancing cognitive flexibility with logical integrity, the paper offers a comprehensive roadmap for ethical reflection and decision-making, urging a principled and empathetic approach to minimize harm and foster societal well-being.
Exploring the Development Path of Female Leading Characters in Film and Television Works - Taking the Image Shaping of Female Characters as an Example
Authors: Chen Weiyu
Published: July 2024

In recent years, people have been paying more and more attention to the development direction of the "women" group, and the image of women in society has become increasingly diverse. In today's society, film and television media are important channels that can quickly disseminate information, attract social attention, and disseminate value orientation. This paper explores the development path of female protagonists by examining the image shaping of female characters in film and television works. By analyzing the evolution of female characters in various types of film and television productions, one can see that female roles are no longer confined to traditional archetypes such as the virtuous wife and loving mother or tragic figures. Instead, they increasingly exhibit qualities of independence, bravery, confidence, and intelligence. These changes enrich the content of film and television works and provide audiences with more diverse values and role models. The study finds that the diversification of female character portrayals not only enhances the artistic quality and appeal of the works but also exerts a positive influence on society. The image of women in film and television is gradually becoming an important force in guiding social trends and promoting gender equality. Therefore, in-depth exploration and research into the development path of female characters in film and television works are of great significance for understanding social and cultural changes and promoting gender equality.
Comparative Analysis Between Children's Perspective and Adult Perspective in Old Stories in the South of the City
Authors: He Xinyu
Published: July 2024

With the development of fast-paced life and increasing pressure in modern society, children's literature-related works are becoming increasingly abundant. Returning to the world of children and exploring the beauty of childhood is one of the important topics of current research. The research topic of this article is the connection between children's perspectives and adults' perspectives. The research method of this article is as follows: First, read the text of the novel, looking for chapters that fit the theme as well as the direction of the research. Three aspects were selected: the conflict between "madness and civilization", the dialectic of "right and wrong", and the helplessness of "separation and growth". Then, through direct comparison and analysis, it is discovered that the child's perspective is to think deeply about this rational adult world with a critical eye. Finally, it is concluded that children's eyes can not only discover the beauty of the adult world but also present the true nature of children's resistance to and criticism of the real world. It also provides insight into the contradictions and hopelessness behind them and explores the expression of rationalization.
ESL Instructional Practices and Teacher Preparation: A Mixed Methods Study at a Chinese International High School
Authors: Li Liuman
Published: July 2024

This mixed methods study investigates ESL instructional practices at Shenzhen Experimental High School, a Chinese international secondary institution. The findings will provide data-driven insights into optimal teaching methods for Chinese adolescent ELLs. This holds significant implications for enhancing teacher preparation and professional development programs in international schools striving to meet the needs of diverse linguistic learners at Shenzhen Experimental to identify areas for improved professional development tailored to this context. The goal is informing data-driven reforms to enhance outcomes for the schools adolescent English language learners (ELLs). This research also provides an important foundation and model for future inquiries illuminating the multidimensional competencies that enable ESL teachers to create inclusive, linguistically responsive learning environments.
Fundamental Attribution Error in the Classroom: Why and How Bias Hurts?
Authors: Ye Sifan
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this article is to explore the fundamental attribution error (FAE) and its sociocultural implications in educational settings, examining its role in shaping teacher-student interactions and perceptions of accountability, particularly across diverse cultural contexts. Drawing on empirical research and theoretical analysis, including Garcia's work on the miseducation of Latina girls, the article discusses the emergence of FAE as a cognitive bias that influences educational trajectories and reinforces systemic inequalities. Findings suggest that a universal cognitive mechanism is at play, but its impact varies with cultural nuances, requiring culturally responsive pedagogical strategies. The article calls for an educational shift toward inclusivity and equity and urges further research and the development of interventions to mitigate the influence of biases such as the FAE in schools worldwide.
Existentialist Philosophies of Anxiety: A Comparative Exploration of Kierkegaard and Heidegger
Authors: Wu Han
Published: July 2024

This academic essay delves into the intricate realm of existentialist philosophies concerning anxiety, examining the perspectives of two towering figures in philosophy: Sren Kierkegaard and Martin Heidegger. Both of these existential philosophers have made a big deal out of the concept of anxiety and have a considerable understanding of it. From a particular perspective, it is possible that Heidegger drew on Kierkegaard's interpretation of the concept of anxiety. The objective of this analysis is to comprehensively scrutinize the philosophical underpinnings of anxiety, exploring how these thinkers conceived it in the context of the human experience. Furthermore, this essay examines the religious backgrounds of Kierkegaard and Heidegger, shedding light on the profound influence of their respective religious upbringings on their philosophical interpretations of anxiety. As contemporary society grapples with a multitude of anxieties, the insights of these philosophers remain pertinent, providing valuable perspectives on the nature of anxiety, freedom, and human existence. The essay also critiques part of modern psychological approaches to anxiety, revealing the enduring relevance of existentialist thought.
Attachment and Relationship - To What Extent Does Attachment Styles Influence Romantic Relationships?
Authors: Lu Shichen
Published: July 2024

Attachment is the emotional bond between a human infant or young nonhuman animal and its parent figure or caregiver. A theory related is to attachment theory by John Bowlby posits that early relationships with caregivers lay the foundation for how individuals perceive and engage in later relationships. This paper examines the extent to which attachment patterns established impact various dimensions of relationships in adulthood. According to attachment theory, there are three specific attachment styles: Anxious, avoidant, disorganized and secure. This paper examines the extent to which attachment styles influence the later romantic relationship. Aiming to introduce the reasons of attachment theory and the four styles and analyzes the influence of the four styles on romantic relationship. The other factors that influence romantic relationships are also introduced in this paper.
Ecological impacts of geography and traditional culture on the Tibetan plateau
Authors: Yang Licheng , Fan Wengli , Wen Wangyan
Published: July 2024

There are diverse factors influencing the ecology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and this article primarily discusses them from two perspectives. These include the impact of natural geographical conditions and the influence of cultural traditions. Natural geographical conditions primarily consider the plateau's unique geographical location and altitude, while cultural traditions mainly involve local religious beliefs and customs affecting the ecology. The article primarily demonstrates a comprehensive understanding of the current ecological state of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from multiple angles and discusses how these factors can be utilized to protect and improve the ecological situation.
Research and analysis of the ecological environment index of broad-leaved Korean Pine Forest in Changbai mountain
Authors: Zhang Xinya
Published: July 2024

In order to better study and analyze the ecological environment index of the broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountain, 30 sets of data related to the ecological environment index of the broad-leaved Korean pine forest and six influencing factors were collected. The influencing factors, including slope, temperature, humidity, soil erosion, elevation, and pressure, were analyzed for their correlation with the ecological environment index of the broad-leaved Korean pine forest through polynomial fitting. The results indicate that the ecological environment index increases with the increase of slope, temperature, humidity, and pressure, while it decreases with the increase of soil erosion and elevation. Soil erosion has the greatest impact on the variation of the ecological environment index of the broad-leaved Korean pine forest. Additionally, other factors such as slope, temperature, humidity, elevation, and pressure also affect the ecological environment index, thus requiring comprehensive consideration for the formulation of comprehensive ecological protection strategies.
Sleep stages and brain oscillations: An in-depth analysis using quantitative and mathematical models
Authors: Wang Dihao
Published: July 2024

This study explores the intricate relationship between sleep stages and brain oscillations, utilizing quantitative EEG analysis and mathematical models. We examine the distinct EEG characteristics of light sleep, deep sleep, and REM sleep, focusing on power spectral density (PSD), coherence, and phase synchronization analyses. The Ising model and Kuramoto model provide frameworks for understanding the synchronization dynamics and phase relationships of neuronal populations across sleep stages. Our findings highlight significant variations in oscillatory activity, coherence, and phase synchronization, offering insights into the neural mechanisms underlying sleep regulation. Additionally, we discuss the implications of these findings for sleep disorders such as insomnia, sleep apnea, and narcolepsy, demonstrating how mathematical models can predict therapeutic outcomes and guide targeted interventions. This comprehensive analysis contributes to the understanding of sleep architecture and the development of novel treatments for sleep disorders.
AI-generated text detection and classification based on BERT deep learning algorithm
Authors: Wang Hao , Li Jianwei , Li Zhengyu
Published: July 2024

With the rapid development and wide application of deep learning technology, AI-generated text detection plays an increasingly important role in various fields. In this study, we developed an efficient AI-generated text detection model based on the BERT algorithm, which provides new ideas and methods for solving related problems. In the data preprocessing stage, a series of steps were taken to process the text, including operations such as converting to lowercase, word splitting, removing stop words, stemming extraction, removing digits, and eliminating redundant spaces, to ensure data quality and accuracy. By dividing the dataset into a training set and a test set in the ratio of 60% and 40%, and observing the changes in the accuracy and loss values during the training process, we found that the model performed well during the training process. The accuracy increases steadily from the initial 94.78% to 99.72%, while the loss value decreases from 0.261 to 0.021 and converges gradually, which indicates that the BERT model is able to detect AI-generated text with high accuracy and the prediction results are gradually approaching the real classification results. Further analysis of the results of the training and test sets reveals that in terms of loss value, the average loss of the training set is 0.0565, while the average loss of the test set is 0.0917, showing a slightly higher loss value. As for the accuracy, the average accuracy of the training set reaches 98.1%, while the average accuracy of the test set is 97.71%, which is not much different from each other, indicating that the model has good generalisation ability. In conclusion, the AI-generated text detection model based on the BERT algorithm proposed in this study shows high accuracy and stability in experiments, providing an effective solution for related fields. In the future, the model performance can be further optimised and its potential for application in a wider range of fields can be explored to promote the development and application of AI technology in the field of text detection.
EVs as biomarkers of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Cao Songxiang
Published: July 2024

Exosomes are an emerging research direction in biology, and their current definition is: Exosomes are small vesicles (30-150nm) containing complex RNA and proteins, and nowadays, they are specifically dish-like vesicles with diameters of 40-100nm. Many cells can produce exosome under physiological or physiological conditions. The mechanism is formed by the deposition of polyvesicles after binding to the extracellular membrane. Therefore, it can be seen from this definition that exosomes are a general term for a large class of vesicle-wrapped biological contents, which are physiological substances used by organisms to maintain normal physiological activities. Therefore, exosomes have a very rich classification, subclasses, and subsets.
Factors influencing the survival of cervical cancer
Authors: Xu Yuwei , Zhang Sunny , Zhao Jenny
Published: July 2024

More studies on the effect of socioeconomic (SES) factors on the survival of cervical cancer appeared while lacking comprehensive studies on both SES factors and traditional survival-influencing factors. Our study included baseline factors, SES factors, tumor features, and therapy. It thoroughly analyzed their influences and interactions on the survival of the cervical cancer population in the US. A total of 28471 cases from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were adapted in our study, using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test as univariate analysis and the Cox proportional hazard model as multivariate analysis. Surgery, marriage, younger age, and higher income were found to have improving effects on survival, and chemotherapy and radiotherapy did the same after adjusting baseline and SES factors. Hispanics have the best survival, while Blacks have the worst. Survival in metropolitan areas decreased as the population increased, while the opposite appeared in nonmetropolitan areas.
The overview of Clarithromycin treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Chen Yang
Published: July 2024

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative bacillus that causes infections worldwide. Helicobacter pylori's drug resistance and infectivity are vital factors causing Helicobacter pylori infection. The virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori include acid escape virulence factors and epithelial cell colonizing factors, which can directly or indirectly cause chronic gastritis or gastric ulcer. As the resistance of Helicobacter pylori increases, a combination of multiple antibiotics is now the recommended therapy, and clarithromycin is one of them. The production process of clarithromycin and its effectiveness are essential points of discussion.
Analysis of recommendation systems based on knowledge graphs
Authors: Zhou Ziwei
Published: July 2024

Due to the rapid development of internet technology, recommendation systems have played a crucial role in improving user experience and enhancing user retention. Knowledge graphs (KG), a technique capable of capturing complex semantic relationships and contextual information, are gradually included in recommendation systems to augment their accuracy and intelligence. This paper reviews the application of knowledge graphs in recommendation systems, analyzing their unique advantages in handling user-item relationships. This paper comprehensively analyzes embedding methods based on tensor decomposition and translation, which primarily designed for static knowledge graphs. This study thoroughly explains the advantages and disadvantages of these methods in practical application. Moreover, this paper discusses the challenges faced by dynamic knowledge graphs, such as temporal data processing, real-time updates, and inference, proposing potential solutions and future research areas. Integrating knowledge graphs with machine learning techniques enhances the ability of social media recommendation systems to understand user preferences and deliver highly personalized recommendations effectively. This study provides theoretical support and practical guidance for the implementing of knowledge graphs in recommendation systems, holding significant academic value and practical significance.
Advancements in ceramic-on-ceramic bearing materials for total hip arthroplasty: Properties, challenges, and future directions
Authors: Chen Mengxiu , Ruan Qiyang , Liu Xinrui
Published: July 2024

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a vital procedure for addressing hip injuries and end-stage arthritis, offering relief to millions annually. However, long-term issues like femoral headwear and osteolysis persist, with 25-year survival rates of around 77.6%. Material selection significantly influences THA outcomes. This article investigated five typical ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC) bearing materials, including alumina, zirconia, zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA), delta ceramic, and sapphire. Alumina, known for hardness and wear resistance, improved with lower fracture rates, and some squeaking and zirconia ceramics addressed fractures but require impurity reduction. ZTA combines alumina and zirconia, excelling in mechanical properties but also exhibiting squeaking. Optimized with nanostructures, delta ceramic shows fracture resistance despite occasional squeaking. Sapphire offers excellent biocompatibility but requires complex manufacturing and more clinical trials. The quest for optimal THA-bearing surfaces is ongoing, demanding rigorous research and collaboration.
Commercial application in solar PV
Authors: Wang Weiqiong , Wang Yancheng , Lu Ho Tin , Tan Qincong
Published: July 2024

Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology has been widely used in the past decades due to its potential for sustainability and energy supply. With the continuous strengthening of peoples awareness of environmental protection, solar PV energy has become an important renewable energy technology recognized in the world after years of development. However, the use of solar PV technology has presented several detrimental flaws, including high startup costs, inefficient material usage, and inconsistency. This paper is going to introduce the application of this technology, including electric vehicles, off-grid and grid-tied solar PV systems used in homes. We will also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using solar PV panels in residential buildings. The results suggest that the implementation of off-gridic Solar PV systems for power generation at residential buildings being highly significant. In addition, a Grid-Tied Solar PV system also allows the household to sell electricity back to the grid in surpluses, which may bring a monumental leap toward more sustainable and energy-efficient living. In addition, the installation and maintenance of grid-Tied Solar PV systems are also important. In this context, solar PV energy stands out as one of the most promising solutions as a renewable energy.
Supramolecular catalysts: A critical review
Authors: Yan Haotian
Published: July 2024

This critical review on Supramolecular Catalysts provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution and breakthroughs in this innovative field. The review highlights the contemporary breakthroughs in adaptive supramolecular catalysts as well as metal-organic counterparts, and their possible applications. The review also discusses the challenges that need to be addressed in the development of responsive supramolecular catalysts, such as optimizing the encapsulation process to achieve maximum stability and catalytic activity. The review combines concepts from responsive materials with phenomena underpinning supramolecular chemistry to equip both reactive and metal-organic varieties to address major issues present in current synthetic chemical processes productively. The review concludes that the future of supramolecular catalysis looks bright, and we can expect to see continued growth and innovation in this exciting field. Overall, this review provides a succinct outline of the evolution and progression of supramolecular catalysis, underscoring contemporary breakthroughs in adaptive supramolecular catalysts as well as metal-organic counterparts, and their possible applications. It also highlights the challenges that need to be addressed in the development of responsive supramolecular catalysts.
Review on potential nerve guidance conduits design for spinal cord injuries
Authors: Xu Chuqi , Wang Mengtao , Li Peiyuan
Published: July 2024

The current treatment of spinal cord injuries (SCI) focuses mainly on the elimination of secondary damage to the central nervous system. The performance of treatments targeted at neurological recovery is not satisfactory. Inspired by the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries using tissue engineering, the nerve guidance conduits became one of the potential designs to improve the rate of neurological recovery among patients. With the proper design like multichannel and fabrication techniques like 3D bioprinting, the hybrid biomaterial may provide good guidance for nerves to grow in long gaps under well-picked neuromorphic factors. The new technologies including vascularization and electrical stimulation give more possibilities for the construction of treatment. New materials like shape-memory polymers may improve the fabrication of NGCs. However, the combination of these innovative findings was not performed for lab tests and clinical tests. The commercialization of NGC for SCI is also in need of better standardization and regulation. There may be a comprehensive NGC-based design for SCI emerging in the future which improves the performance of neurological recovery.
Exploration of the importance of tertiary treatment in domestic wastewater treatment
Authors: Chang Juefei , He Zhengze , Shen Quan , Xu Sida
Published: July 2024

This thesis focuses on the essential role of tertiary treatment techniques. It delves into three specific tertiary treatments, which are named Membrane Filtration, Chlorination, and Photo-Fenton, and provides a detailed examination of each techniques process, advantages, and disadvantages. The study on Membrane Filtration outlines its effectiveness in eliminating pathogens and microorganisms and sheds light on cost and maintenance issues. Although chlorination is one of the most favored disinfection methods. It also has its disadvantages such as potential health risks and environmental impact. Considering Photo-Fenton as an environmentally favourable method, the study notes the dependence on sunlight availability and required optimization as limitations. This research heightens our understanding of these treatments, thus emphasizing their role in future water safety, provided advancements are made to enhance efficiency and mitigate limitations.
The impact of semiconductor technology on edge computing
Authors: Luo Weiyi
Published: July 2024

Semiconductor technology has profoundly shaped the landscape of edge computing by enhancing energy efficiency, processing power, and device miniaturization. Continued advancements in semiconductor tech promise further integration of AI, improved edge-to-cloud synchronization, and heightened security, fueling growth and innovation in edge computing. This synergy is evident as semiconductor tech enables versatile edge device deployment, while edge computing applications like real-time analytics and machine learning drive innovation, resulting in purpose-built chips for edge computing applications. Semiconductor tech and edge computing are symbiotic, with one driving the others evolution, forming an inseparable partnership in the realm of computing. This paper describes the role of semiconductor technology in driving edge computing technology in terms of energy, performance, and miniaturization, and incorporates data that predicts future directions for semiconductor-based technologies in edge computing.
A realistic assessment of the prospect that silicon be replaced by other materials for IC application
Authors: Liu Peiyu , Wu Tianqi
Published: July 2024

Silicon is the most significant material in the semiconductor industry, and the whole semiconductor industry is established on silicon materials. Silicon accounts for about a third of the value of the material used to make the entire wafer. However, with the development of the semiconductor industry and integrated circuit chips, the requirements for semiconductor materials are also increasing. In some application scenarios, silicon is gradually unable to meet peoples higher requirements. For example, in high-frequency applications, the characteristics of silicon may be limited. At higher frequencies, the conductivity of silicon may not be ideal, leading to signal delay and performance loss. Therefore, finding alternative materials for silicon has become one of the current research topics for scientists, in order to solve some problems that silicon cannot solve under specific conditions. In this article, we mainly explore the characteristics and advantages of carbon nanotubes, gallium arsenide, and silicon carbide materials to analyze the feasibility of these materials replacing silicon in the field of integrated circuits.
A historic, technological, systematic, environmental, and economic introduction of hydro power
Authors: Mi Yuxin
Published: July 2024

Hydropower is a clean and sustainable energy source that generates electricity by utilizing the potential energy of flowing water for energy conversion. It produces 16% of the worlds electricity and is the most widely used renewable energy source. In most cases, hydropower plants are built on rivers or other bodies of water that vary widely in elevation. The basic concept is to use dams or other structures to create reservoirs at higher altitudes and then release the water through turbines to generate electricity. Renewable energy has become the future development trend, and the amount of coal, oil, and natural gas has been drastically reduced due to human exploitation in the past few decades. This report presents the history of hydropower development since the Han Dynasty; the working mechanism of hydropower, such as its composition and basic physical principles; the physical construction of hydropower and the overall economic system; and the impact of hydropower on the environment and economy, mainly on ecology and global climate.
Loratadine and sodium cromoglycate Two drugs under type 1 hypersensitivity reaction in response to hay fever
Authors: Zhang Xingyan
Published: July 2024

This paper aims to explain the mechanism of Type 1 hypersensitivity and the corresponding action of loratadine and sodium cromoglycate. Type 1 hypersensitivity is the most common type of allergy, which is caused by mast cells and leukocytes releasing chemical mediators, including histamines, cytokines, etc. Chemical mediators cause inflammatory responses, as well as bind to receptors that generate symptoms of allergies. Coping with the reaction, loratadine is a type of antihistamine that can inhibit the activation of the H1 receptor by histamines, it is a drug that performs inverse agonism. Whereas, sodium cromoglycate stabilizes mast cells and prevents the degranulation of chemical mediators, in order to stop inflammatory responses or activation of receptors. It is a drug that behaves as a mediator. There will be explanations in regard to the chemical synthesis of loratadine and sodium cromoglycate. The paper will also touch on the dosage, mode of delivery, as well as side effects of these drugs.
The application of green hydrogen in iron ore smelting under the target of carbon neutralization
Authors: Sun Ruolin
Published: July 2024

Currently, green development and sustainable development have become a global consensus. In March 2023, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released the sixth comprehensive assessment report Climate Change 2023, which pointed out that greenhouse gas emissions are currently at the highest level in human history, and the global temperatures has been about 1.1 higher than that before industrialization. In July, 2023, the government of China also emphasized that the construction of ecological civilization in China has entered a critical period with carbon emission reduction as the focus. According to the survey, the steel industry in China has the highest carbon emission in manufacturing industry, and it is also one of the most important areas for China to deal with climate change. Based on the basic principle of blast furnace iron making, this paper first analyzes the causes of high emissions in the steel industry, and draws the conclusion that hydrogen metallurgy technology must be developed to achieve low-carbon development; Then, depending on different energy endowments, the differences in metallurgical technology between China and other countries are analyzed, and brief conclusions and suggestions are given on the basis of analyzing the challenges faced by low-carbon development of Chinas steel industry. This study provides insights into the importance of hydrogen metallurgy technology and enhance our understanding of how to achieve low-carbon development in Chinas iron and steel industry.
Thermodynamic model for a rocket engine cycle
Authors: Yu Bai
Published: July 2024

In an era marked by the burgeoning popularity of space stations among both developing and developed nations, the demand for rockets has surged at an unprecedented pace. This meteoric rise in rocket usage has brought to the forefront a critical challenge: the efficient cooling of rocket engines. To address this issue, engineers have explored innovative solutions. One highly promising approach involves the incorporation of fuel-conducting pipes within the walls of the engine, utilizing the cooling properties of the circulating fuel to counteract the intense heat generated during combustion. Additionally, engineers have successfully employed a protective layer of aluminum oxide on the engines inner walls to enhance thermal insulation. These solutions, however, are not one-size-fits-all; they must be tailored to account for engine reusability and mass. Nevertheless, the combined use of internal fuel pipes and aluminum oxide coating has emerged as an exceptionally cost-effective and efficient method to mitigate the damage caused by heat during fuel combustion. This ground-breaking cooling strategy holds the potential to revolutionize all liquid rocket engines, offering a sustainable and reliable solution as the worlds interest in space exploration continues to soar.
The plausibility and ideal design of electrochemical disinfection for drinking water in hospital susceptible to Legionella and E. coli contamination, compared to traditional methods
Authors: Wu Chloe , Yu Yi , Xu Haoyang , Li Jiazhen
Published: July 2024

Legionella and Escherichia coli (E. coli), bacteria lethal to humans, are widespread in drinking water. Traditional disinfection methods using chlorine gas, temperature control, and ultraviolet are widely applied today but have several drawbacks. In contrast, the electrochemical disinfection methods could address the problems. This study reviews the literature on electrochemical disinfection and compares traditional disinfection methods with electrochemical ones under evaluation of cost, E. coli contamination efficiency, and effect. Results show that titanium meshed electrodes are the most cost-efficient compared to more effective electrodes with significantly higher production costs. The application of the proposed electrochemical disinfection device gains a financial advantage over traditional methods, suggesting a promising future for the disinfection method. Meanwhile, investigations on the electrocoagulation method aim to disinfect the water to the drinking water level. Results show that the combination of electrocoagulation and the titanium meshed electrode device proves to have a better disinfection effect than individual methods and a lower cost than traditional methods. This research provides insight into the properties of biofilms, traditional disinfection methods, and different electrochemical disinfection methods. After reviewing the literature and evaluating various factors, we offer an ideal design for Legionella and E. coli-contaminated water disinfection devices with a promising future once applied.
Ecological benefits of roof gardens and the difference of roof gardens in different regions
Authors: Lin Qingxian
Published: July 2024

As a result of the rapid pace of urbanization today, environmental destruction is outpacing regeneration, and many "urban diseases" are occurring frequently. Therefore, there is a need for a facility that can protect the environment without destroying the original city - roof gardens. This paper focuses on the ecological benefits of rooftop gardens and their application in practical situations. It is found that rooftop gardens can improve air quality, store rainwater, mitigate the heat island effect and protect biodiversity. These effects have well alleviated the problems of urban air pollution, water resource stress, urban heat island effect and destruction of ecological environment. And research has found that there are already many excellent examples of the application of rooftop gardens at home and abroad, helping to confirm that rooftop gardens do indeed have the ecological benefits mentioned above, adding to the feasibility. Rooftop gardens are indispensable in the construction of future cities for the well-being of urban residents.
Particle dispersion in atmospheric modelling: A comprehensive review
Authors: Xiao Bohuai , Tang Chengjin
Published: July 2024

Atmospheric dispersion modeling, traditionally inclined towards gaseous dispersion, has undergone significant evolution in capturing the intricacies of particle dispersion in urban and open environments. This comprehensive review explores the nuances of particle-gas interactions, highlighting discrepancies in correlations between their concentrations, influenced by factors such as turbulence and multiple emission sources. The research accentuates the intriguing dynamics between PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations, suggesting the viability of models based on passive scalars for such particles in open environments. However, a marked challenge emerges in modeling particle number concentration, necessitating the integration of aerosol dynamics modules. Emphasizing the diversity of model types, this paper elucidates the specific requirements across varying spatial scales, identifying gaps in understanding particle dispersion and aerosol dynamics. The review critically assesses the performance of notable models, highlighting the paramount importance of quality data sources and underscoring the need for more dedicated focus on particle dynamics beyond mass predictions. Through a synthesis of existing literature and model evaluations, this review seeks to guide future research endeavors, fostering advancements in atmospheric dispersion modeling.
Analysis of cancer detection methods based on nanomaterials
Authors: Wu Xiaoling
Published: July 2024

This research discusses the application of nanomaterials in cancer detection and the comparison between various application methods, highlighting their high sensitivity and specificity in the detection of cancer biomarkers. Nanomaterials have the ability to selectively target and bind specific molecules, resulting in improved detection accuracy. They also facilitate the simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers and enable non-invasive tumor visualization by various imaging methods. Despite the many advantages, there are still many challenges related to safety considerations and optimization of detection techniques that need to be addressed urgently. Nonetheless, the nanomaterials-based approach holds significant promise for improving cancer detection technology and improving early diagnosis. Further research is essential in order to fully exploit the power of nanomaterials in accurate and efficient cancer detection. By addressing these challenges, difficulties, and conducting additional research, nanomaterials have the potential to revolutionize cancer detection, resulting in improved results accuracy, earlier detection of disease, and better treatment for the benefit of humanity.
Carbon nanomaterials in flexible wearable sensors
Authors: Chen Simeng
Published: July 2024

Recent remarkable advances in flexible and wearable functional electronics have been achieved due to their advantages of lightweight, convenience to detect complex measured objects, and flexibility, which makes electronic equipment develop from a rigid system to a flexible system. Flexible materials toward wearable devices present a huge market prospect, which demonstrate promise in healthcare, human motion detection, biomedicine, environmental monitoring, and other fields. Unique physical and chemical properties are the critical characteristics of flexible wearable sensors, and the huge surface-to-volume ratio facilitates carbon nanomaterials to be used in various flexible sensors. This review comprehensively introduces the structure, properties, and preparation of carbon nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes, graphene, and MXene. The sensing mechanism of the sensor is outlined, and flexible sensors based on carbon nanomaterials in detecting targets such as pressure, temperature, and gases are proposed. Enhancement of conductivity, sensing factor, and sensitivity of carbon nanomaterials by modifying their structure or preparing composites is presented in detail. Finally, this paper outlines the challenges associated with implementing carbon nanomaterials within the field of flexible wearable sensors and future development.
A survey of reinforcement learning theories in autonomous vehicles
Authors: Bai Shuwen
Published: July 2024

This survey explores the core theories, techniques, and core applications of reinforcement learning (RL) in the domain of autonomous vehicles. RL has emerged as a significant contributor to decision-making techniques in this field, enabling agents to make informed decisions based on actions and rewards derived from the environment. The ultimate objective of RL in autonomous driving is to maximize cumulative rewards over time. However, RL faces challenges related to interpretability and sample efficiency, particularly in complex driving scenarios. This survey extensively investigates the utilization of RL in decision-making and control, encompassing various scenarios and addressing the challenges encountered within RL-based autonomous vehicles. By emphasizing the design of effective reward functions, enhancing sample efficiency, and improving model interpretability, future advancements in reinforcement learning for autonomous vehicles can foster the development of more robust, efficient, and trustworthy autonomous systems. Moreover, this survey provides valuable insights into the limitations of RL techniques in autonomous driving decision-making, highlighting areas that require further research and development.
Embracing circular economy concepts in hydropower generation: A review of sustainable practices and future prospect
Authors: Wu Jasmine
Published: July 2024

The continuous growth in global energy demand and the escalating environmental issues make the search for sustainable and environmentally friendly energy solutions an urgent task in todays era. In the face of this challenge, hydropower, as a primary representative of renewable energy, shoulders the responsibility of meeting the ever-growing demand. This review will delve into the significance of introducing the concept of a circular economy in hydropower and the potential benefits it may bring