bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cutting edge of immune response and immunosuppressants in allogeneic and xenogeneic islet transplantation
Authors: Yue Liting , Li Jisong , Yao Mingjun , Song Siyuan , Zhang Xiaoqin , Wang Yi
Published: September 2024

As an effective treatment for diabetes, islet transplantation has garnered significant attention and research in recent years. However, immune rejection and the toxicity of immunosuppressive drugs remain critical factors influencing the success of islet transplantation. While immunosuppressants are essential in reducing immune rejection reactions and can significantly improve the survival rate of islet transplants, improper use of these drugs can markedly increase mortality rates following transplantation. Additionally, the current availability of islet organ donations fails to meet the demand for organ transplants, making xenotransplantation a crucial method for addressing organ shortages. This review will cover the following three aspects: 1) the immune responses occurring during allogeneic islet transplantation, including three stages: inflammation and IBMIR, allogeneic immune response, and autoimmune recurrence; 2) commonly used immunosuppressants in allogeneic islet transplantation, including calcineurin inhibitors (Cyclosporine A, Tacrolimus), mycophenolate mofetil, glucocorticoids, and Bortezomib; and 3) early and late immune responses in xenogeneic islet transplantation and the immune effects of triple therapy (ECDI-fixed donor spleen cells (ECDI-SP) + anti-CD20 + Sirolimus) on xenotransplantation.
Using satellite imagery to estimate abundance of Cumberland Sound beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in 2021
Authors: Sherbo Bryanna A. H. , Belanger Amanda M. , Charry Bertrand , Watt Cortney A.
Published: September 2024

The Cumberland Sound beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) population inhabits Cumberland Sound on the southeast side of Baffin Island, Nunavut. The population is listed as threatened under the Species at Risk Act. The last abundance estimate from an aerial survey was estimated at 1,381 (95% CI: 1,270-1,502) beluga whales in 2017 for an area covering 12,485 km2. Since then, satellite imagery has been used as a remotely based non-invasive method to monitor these whales. Very High Resolution (VHR) satellite imagery covering 9,690 km² of water was collected from Cumberland Sound from August 30 to September 7, 2021, during the ice free season. Readers with previous imagery analysis experience analyzed the images and identified 704 certain detections. Abundance estimates were corrected for availability bias for whales that were too deep to be detected in the imagery (>2m). We present a total estimate of 1,690 (CV = 0.16; 95% CI: 1,241-2,301) beluga whales in Cumberland Sound (22,663 km2). This estimate covers a larger area and estimates a higher abundance than the 2017 aerial survey. Regular population abundance assessments are essential for understanding population dynamics and trends and we have shown here that satellite imagery is a comparable method to aerial surveys for estimating abundance.
Recent insights into contributing factors in the pathogenesis of cirrhotic ascites
Authors: Li Zhen , Zhu Junfeng , Ouyang Hao
Published: September 2024

Cirrhotic ascites refers to the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity due to severe liver disease and impaired liver function, which leads to poor blood circulation in the body, increased pressure in the hepatic sinus wall, and the exudation of fluid from the plasma into the peritoneal cavity. Cirrhotic ascites is a common complication of cirrhosis and poses a threat to the health and lives of modern people, causing a heavy social burden worldwide. So far, there are no effective treatment methods available to improve the quality and quantity of life for patients and their partners; existing drugs can only alleviate the symptoms of cirrhotic ascites and slow down its progression. This article aims to carefully examine the pathogenesis of cirrhotic ascites by exploring various contributing factors such as portal hypertension, renal dysfunction, inflammation, growth factors, oxidative stress, immunocytes, and gut microbiota. The purpose is to gain better insights and deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved in this condition.
Genetic biomarker prediction based on gender disparity in asthma throughout machine learning
Authors: Chen Cai , Yuan Fenglong , Meng Xiangwei , Peng Fulai , Shao Xuekun , Wang Cheng , Shen Yang , Du Haitao , Lv Danyang , Zhang Ningling , Wang Xiuli , Wang Tao , Wang Ping
Published: September 2024

Background

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition affecting populations worldwide, with prevalence ranging from 1–18% across different nations. Gender differences in asthma prevalence have attracted much attention.

Purpose

The aim of this study was to investigate biomarkers of gender differences in asthma prevalence based on machine learning.

Method

The data came from the gene expression omnibus database (GSE69683, GSE76262, and GSE41863), which involved in a number of 575 individuals, including 240 males and 335 females. Theses samples were divided into male group and female group, respectively. Grid search and cross-validation were employed to adjust model parameters for support vector machine, random forest, decision tree and logistic regression model. Accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score were used to evaluate the performance of the models during the training process. After model optimization, four machine learning models were utilized to predict biomarkers of sex differences in asthma. In order to validate the accuracy of our results, we performed Wilcoxon tests on the genes expression.

Result

In datasets GSE76262 and GSE69683, support vector machine, random forest, logistic regression, and decision tree all achieve 100% accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. Our findings reveal that XIST serves as a common biomarker among the three samples, comprising a total of 575 individuals, with higher expression levels in females compared to males (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

XIST serves as a genetic biomarker for gender differences in the prevalence of asthma.
Acute and chronic effects of stretching on balance: a systematic review with multilevel meta-analysis
Authors: Lohmann Lars Hubertus , Zech Astrid , Plöschberger Gerit , Oraže Manuel , Jochum Daniel , Warneke Konstantin
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Balance is a multifactorial construct with high relevance in, e.g., everyday life activities. Apart from sensorimotor control, muscle strength and size are positively linked with balance performance. While commonly trained for via resistance training, stretch training has emerged as a potential substitution in specific conditions. However, no review has investigated potential effects of stretching on balance, yet.

Methods

PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus were searched with inception to February, 2024. Studies were included if they examined acute and/or chronic effects of any stretching type against passive and/or active controls on balance parameters – without any population-related restrictions concerning sex/gender, age, health status, activity level. Methodological quality was assessed using PEDro scale. Meta-analyses were performed if two or more studies reported on the same outcome. Certainty of evidence was determined based on GRADE criteria.

Results

Eighteen acute and eleven chronic effect studies were included. Stretching studies exhibited significant improvements for sway parameters with eyes open against passive controls of moderate magnitude for chronic (ES: 0.63, p = 0.047) and of small magnitude for acute studies (ES: 0.21, p = 0.032). Most other subgroups against passive controls as well as actively-controlled comparisons resulted in trivial and/or non-significant effects.

Conclusion

Even though some pooled effects slightly reached the level of significance, the overall results are biased by (very) low certainty of evidence (GRADE criteria downgrading for risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias). Moderators suggested by literature (strength, muscle size, flexibility, proprioception) were rarely assessed, which prevents conclusive final statements and calls for further, high quality evidence to clarify potential mechanisms–if any exist.
Impact of beta-blocker usage on delirium in patients with sepsis in ICU: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ouyang Honglian , Wang Xiaoqi , Deng Dingwei , Wang Qianqian , Yu Yi
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Delirium in patients with sepsis can be life-threatening. This study aims to investigate the impact of the use of beta-blockers on the occurrence of delirium in patients with sepsis in the ICU by utilizing a comprehensive dataset.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study conducted using the data obtained from a single ICU in the USA. Patients diagnosed with sepsis and receiving beta-blockers were compared with those not receiving beta-blockers. Propensity score matching (PSM) and multiple regression analysis were employed to adjust for potential confounders.

Results

Among the 19,660 patients hospitalized for sepsis, the beta-blocker and non-user groups comprised 13,119 (66.73%) and 6,541 (33.27%) patients, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression models revealed a significant reduction of 60% in 7-day delirium for beta-blocker users (OR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.37–0.43, p < 0.001), for 30-day delirium (OR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.29–0.35, p < 0.001), and for 90-day delirium (OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.30–0.35, p < 0.001). The PSM results further strengthen the validity of these findings. An analysis of safety issues demonstrated that beta-blockers may have an impact on the risk of acute kidney injury. However, following PSM, the results are not considered robust. Furthermore, there was no discernible change in the odds of renal replacement therapy and the length of ICU stays.

Discussion

Our findings suggest a potential protective effect of beta-blockers against delirium in patients with sepsis. Nevertheless, the observational design limits causal inference, necessitating future randomized controlled trials to validate these findings.
Soil bacterial community composition is altered more by soil nutrient availability than pH following long-term nutrient addition in a temperate steppe
Authors: Zhang Hao , Jiang Na , Zhang Siyu , Zhu Xiaoyu , Wang Hui , Xiu Weiming , Zhao Jianning , Liu Hongmei , Zhang Haifang , Yang Dianlin
Published: September 2024

Although aboveground biodiversity has been extensively studied, the impact of nutrient enrichment on soil microbial populations remains unclear. Soil microorganisms serve as important indicators in shaping soil nutrient cycling processes and are typically sensitive to nutrient additions. For this, we employed a factorial combination design to examine the impact of nutrient additions on the composition and function of soil bacteria in a temperate steppe. Nitrogen addition promoted the growth of copiotrophic bacteria (Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidota) but inhibited the growth of oligotrophic bacteria (Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Verrucomicrobiota). Phosphorus addition alleviated phosphorus deficiency, resulting in a decrease in the abundance of phoD-harboring bacteria (Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria). Significant enhancement of soil bacterial alpha diversity was observed only in treatments with added phosphorus. Changes in NO3−-N, NH4+-N, available phosphorus, and dissolved organic carbon resulting from nutrient addition may have a greater impact on microbial community structure than changes in soil pH caused by nitrogen addition. Moreover, nutrient addition may indirectly impact microbial ecological function by altering nutrient availability in the soil. In conclusion, our study suggests that soil nutrient availability, particularly available phosphorus, affects soil bacterial communities and potentially regulates the biogeochemical cycles of soil ecosystems.
Genomic insights into the complex demographic history and inbreeding phenomena during Zhou Dynasty on the Central Plains of China
Authors: Wu Xiyan , Ding Baoxu , Nie Linyi , Zhong Canshuo , Liu Pengxiang , Liang Jingteng , Wang Lin , Gao Xiangping , Wei Jiyin , Zhou Yawei
Published: September 2024

In the Central Plains of China during the Zhou Dynasty (1046-256 BCE), the social hierarchy gradually solidified, accompanied by frequent wars and the phenomena of multicultural and multi-ethnic integration. These social phenomena collectively influenced the population’s genetic structure at that time. However, our understanding of the genetic history of this period remains largely unknown owing to limited ancient DNA studies. In this study, we successfully obtained 11 ancient genomes from the Guanzhuang site during the Zhou Dynasty on the central plain of China. Our findings revealed remarkable genetic continuity with the Neolithic populations of the Yellow River Basin and emphasized genetic diversity through the analysis of uniparental genetic markers. Population structure analysis further confirmed the genetic similarity between the Guanzhuang population and ancient populations of the Yellow River Basin and indicated genetic exchanges with ancient populations from surrounding regions. Intriguingly, signs of inbreeding within the Guanzhuang community cast doubt on the stringent enforcement of the contemporary marital regulations against consanguineous marriages within the same surname or clan. These revelations significantly enhance our insight into the complex interplay of ancient demography and societal organization, concurrently presenting a genetic perspective to view the complex evolution of Chinese civilization’s multiethnic.
Reproducible supervised learning-assisted classification of spontaneous synaptic waveforms with Eventer
Authors: Winchester Giles , Steele Oliver G. , Liu Samuel , Maia Chagas Andre , Aziz Wajeeha , Penn Andrew C.
Published: September 2024

Detection and analysis of spontaneous synaptic events is an extremely common task in many neuroscience research labs. Various algorithms and tools have been developed over the years to improve the sensitivity of detecting synaptic events. However, the final stages of most procedures for detecting synaptic events still involve the manual selection of candidate events. This step in the analysis is laborious and requires care and attention to maintain consistency of event selection across the whole dataset. Manual selection can introduce bias and subjective selection criteria that cannot be shared with other labs in reporting methods. To address this, we have created Eventer, a standalone application for the detection of spontaneous synaptic events acquired by electrophysiology or imaging. This open-source application uses the freely available MATLAB Runtime and is deployed on Mac, Windows, and Linux systems. The principle of the Eventer application is to learn the user's “expert” strategy for classifying a set of detected event candidates from a small subset of the data and then automatically apply the same criterion to the remaining dataset. Eventer first uses a suitable model template to pull out event candidates using fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based deconvolution with a low threshold. Random forests are then created and trained to associate various features of the events with manual labeling. The stored model file can be reloaded and used to analyse large datasets with greater consistency. The availability of the source code and its user interface provide a framework with the scope to further tune the existing Random Forest implementation, or add additional, artificial intelligence classification methods. The Eventer website (https://eventerneuro.netlify.app/) includes a repository where researchers can upload and share their machine learning model files and thereby provide greater opportunities for enhancing reproducibility when analyzing datasets of spontaneous synaptic activity. In summary, Eventer, and the associated repository, could allow researchers studying synaptic transmission to increase throughput of their data analysis and address the increasing concerns of reproducibility in neuroscience research.
Association between weight-adjusted-waist index and gynecologic cancers: a population-based study
Authors: Fang Liyuan , Li Xiaotong , Fang Yuhang , Wang Yan , Wang Runxi , Xie Yi , Zhang Ying
Published: September 2024

Objective

This study aims to analyze the association between the weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) and the risk of gynecologic cancers, using data collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2016.

Methods

We employed multiple logistic regression analysis to investigate the relationship between WWI and risk of gynecologic cancers. Subsequent subgroup analyses were performed on specific populations of interest. A restricted cubic spline model was used to explore potential non-linear relationships. Additionally, the effectiveness of WWI in predicting sarcopenia was assessed through Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. K-fold cross-validation was applied for model assessment.

Results

Among the 4,144 participants, 98 self-reported having gynecologic cancers. In the fully adjusted model, WWI was significantly associated with the prevalence of gynecologic cancers (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.02–1.88, p = 0.0344). Our findings indicate a linear positive association between WWI and the risk of gynecologic cancers. Subgroup analysis revealed that WWI had the strongest association with cervical cancer (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 0.97–2.18, p = 0.0354) and endometrial cancer (OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 0.81–2.39, p = 0.0142). No significant association was found between WWI and the risk of ovarian cancer (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.48–2.72, p = 0.5359). Restricted cubic spline analysis confirmed a linear relationship between WWI and the risk of cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that WWI had superior predictive capability for gynecologic cancers.

Conclusion

Elevated levels of WWI were significantly associated with an increased risk of gynecologic cancers in American women, displaying a stronger association than other obesity markers. Therefore, WWI may serve as a distinct and valuable biomarker for assessing the risk of gynecologic cancers, particularly cervical and endometrial cancers.
The association between oxidative balance score and muscular dystrophies
Authors: Tang Dupeng , Lin Lanqing , Zheng Yixin
Published: September 2024

Introduction

This research utilized data from the NHANES 2011–2018 study to investigate the connection between the Oxidative Balance Score (OBS) and muscular dystrophies.

Methods

This study is a cross-sectional, observational, secondary analysis utilizing data from the NHANES 2011-2018. Spearman’s correlation, chi-square tests, logistic regression, and restricted cubic spline plots were employed for statistical analyses.

Results

This association remained significant after adjustment for various demographic and medical history factors (For continuous OBS: crude model, odds ratio [OR], 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI:] 0.94, 0.97, p < 0.001; Model 1, OR, 0.94, 95% CI: 0.92, 0.96, p < 0.001; Model 2, OR, 0.95, 95% CI: 0.93, 0.97, p < 0.001; Model 3, OR, 0.95, 95% CI: 0.93, 0.97, p < 0.001; In quartile Q4 vs. Q1: Crude model, OR, 0. 42, 95% CI: 0.26, 0.66, p < 0.001; Model 1, OR, 0.33, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.52, p < 0.001; Model 2, OR, 0.37, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.58, p < 0.001; Model 3, OR, 0.38, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.60, p < 0.001). Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis further supported this inverse relationship, suggesting that OBS values above 10 may confer protection against muscular dystrophies (p for overall <0.001, p for non-linear = 0.536). However, the relationship between OBS and muscular dystrophies was not statistically significant in the subgroups with education level below high school, presence of cancer, or diabetes (p = 0.735, p = 0.574, p = 0.409, respectively).

Conclusion

The study found a significant inverse correlation between the OBS and muscular dystrophies, suggesting that individuals with higher oxidative balance had a lower risk of developing muscular dystrophies. The study highlights the potential role of oxidative balance in muscular dystrophies prevention and management.
Contrast-enhanced CT radiomics combined with multiple machine learning algorithms for preoperative identification of lymph node metastasis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Huang Yue , Zhang Han , Chen Lingfeng , Ding Qingzhu , Chen Dehua , Liu Guozhong , Zhang Xiang , Huang Qiang , Zhang Denghan , Weng Shangeng
Published: September 2024

Objectives

This research aimed to assess the value of radiomics combined with multiple machine learning algorithms in the diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) lymph node (LN) metastasis, which is expected to provide clinical treatment strategies.

Methods

A total of 128 patients with pathologically confirmed PDAC and who underwent surgical resection were randomized into training (n=93) and validation (n=35) groups. This study incorporated a total of 13 distinct machine learning algorithms and explored 85 unique combinations of these algorithms. The area under the curve (AUC) of each model was computed. The model with the highest mean AUC was selected as the best model which was selected to determine the radiomics score (Radscore). The clinical factors were examined by the univariate and multivariate analysis, which allowed for the identification of factors suitable for clinical modeling. The multivariate logistic regression was used to create a combined model using Radscore and clinical variables. The diagnostic performance was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results

Among the 233 models constructed using arterial phase (AP), venous phase (VP), and AP+VP radiomics features, the model built by applying AP+VP radiomics features and a combination of Lasso+Logistic algorithm had the highest mean AUC. A clinical model was eventually constructed using CA199 and tumor size. The combined model consisted of AP+VP-Radscore and two clinical factors that showed the best diagnostic efficiency in the training (AUC = 0.920) and validation (AUC = 0.866) cohorts. Regarding preoperative diagnosis of LN metastasis, the calibration curve and DCA demonstrated that the combined model had a good consistency and greatest net benefit.

Conclusions

Combining radiomics and machine learning algorithms demonstrated the potential for identifying the LN metastasis of PDAC. As a non-invasive and efficient preoperative prediction tool, it can be beneficial for decision-making in clinical practice.
Neratinib safety evaluation: real-world adverse event analysis from the FAERS database
Authors: Fan Yunhe , Wu Teng , Xu Pengyang , Yang Chuanli , An Jie , Zhang Haijia , Abbas Mureed , Dong Xiushan
Published: September 2024

Aims

Neratinib has emerged as significant theraputic option for breast cancer treatment. However, despite its approval, numerous adverse drug events (ADEs) associated to it remain unrecognized and unreported. This study aims to mine and analyze the signals of ADEs related to neratinib from the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database, providing insights for safe and rational clinical use of drug.

Methods

All the neratinib-related ADEs data were collected from FAERS database from the third quarter (Q3) of 2017 to the fourth quarter (Q4) of 2023. After standardizing the data, 4 disproportionality methods were used to assess the correlation between neratinib and ADEs.

Results

Of the 1,544 ADEs implicating neratinib as the primary suspected drug, a combined total of 48 preferred terms (PTs) and 10 system organ classes (SOCs) showed significant disproportionality accross all four algorithms simultaneously. These SOCs included gastrointestinal disorders (n = 2,564, ROR 7.14), general disorders and administration site conditions (n = 958, ROR 0.77) and injury poisoning and procedural complications (n = 474, ROR 0.58) among others. Upon comparison with the neratinib manual, 34 ADEs not documented in the manual were found at the PT level.

Conclusion

Our study provide new real-world evidence for drug safety information of neratinib. While the majority of our findings were aligned with the information provided in the manual. We identified additional ADEs not previously documented. Consequently, further studies are needed to validate unreported ADEs to ensure the efficacy and safety of neratinib for patients.
An exploratory analysis of associations of genetic variation with the efficacy of tocilizumab in severe COVID-19 patients. A pharmacogenetic study based on next-generation sequencing
Authors: Durán-Sotuela Alejandro , Vázquez-García Jorge , Relaño-Fernández Sara , Balboa-Barreiro Vanesa , Fernández-Tajes Juan , Blanco Francisco J. , Rego-Pérez Ignacio
Published: September 2024

Background

In the context of the cytokine storm the takes place in severe COVID-19 patients, the Interleukin 6 (IL6) pathway emerges as one of the key pathways involved in the pathogenesis of this hyperinflammatory state. The strategy of blocking the inflammatory storm by targeting the IL6 is a promising therapy to mitigate mortality. The use of Tocilizumab was recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to treat severe COVID-19 patients. However, the efficacy of Tocilizumab is variable. We hypothesize that the genetic background could be behind the efficacy of Tocilizumab in terms of mortality.

Methods

We performed a targeted-next generation sequencing of 287 genes, of which 264 belong to a community panel of ThermoFisher for the study of genetic causes of primary immunodeficiency disorders, and 23 additional genes mostly related to inflammation, not included in the original community panel. This panel was sequenced in an initial cohort of 425 COVID-19 patients, of which 232 were treated with Tocilizumab and standard therapy, and 193 with standard therapy only. Selected genetic variants were genotyped by single base extension in additional 245 patients (95 treated with Tocilizumab and 150 non-treated with Tocilizumab). Appropriate statistical analyses and internal validation, including logistic regression models, with the interaction between Tocilizumab and genetic variants, were applied to assess the impact of these genetic variants in the efficacy of Tocilizumab in terms of mortality.

Results

Age (p < 0.001) and cardiovascular disease (p < 0.001) are risk factors for mortality in COVID-19 patients. The presence of GG and TT genotypes at IL10Rβ (rs2834167) and IL1β (rs1143633) genes significantly associates with a reduced risk of mortality in patients treated with Tocilizumab (OR = 0.111; 95%CI = 0.015–0.829; p = 0.010 and OR = 0.378; 95%CI = 0.154–0.924; p = 0.028 respectively). The presence of CC genotype at IL1RN (rs2234679) significantly associates with an increased risk of mortality, but only in patients not treated with Tocilizumab (OR = 3.200; 95%CI = 1.512–6.771; p = 0.002). Exhaustive internal validation using a bootstrap method (B = 500 replicates) validated the accuracy of the predictive models.

Conclusion

We developed a series of predictive models based on three genotypes in genes with a strong implication in the etiopathogenesis of COVID-19 disease capable of predicting the risk of mortality in patients treated with Tocilizumab.
Pharmacology of boldine: summary of the field and update on recent advances
Authors: Sáez Juan C. , Burrell Justin C. , Cahill Catherine M. , Cullen D. Kacy , Devi Lakshmi A. , Gilbert Ryan J. , Graham Zachary A. , Gurvich Vadim J. , Havton Leif A. , Iyengar Ravi , Khanna Rajesh , Palermo Edmund F. , Siddiq Mustafa , Toro Carlos A. , Vasquez Walter , Zhao Wei , Cardozo Christopher P.
Published: September 2024

Over the past decade, boldine, a naturally occurring alkaloid found in several plant species including the Chilean Boldo tree, has garnered attention for its efficacy in rodent models of human disease. Some of the properties that have been attributed to boldine include antioxidant activities, neuroprotective and analgesic actions, hepatoprotective effects, anti-inflammatory actions, cardioprotective effects and anticancer potential. Compelling data now indicates that boldine blocks connexin (Cx) hemichannels (HCs) and that many if not all of its effects in rodent models of injury and disease are due to CxHC blockade. Here we provide an overview of boldine’s pharmacological properties, including its efficacy in rodent models of common human injuries and diseases, and of its absorption, distribution, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism.
VO2MAX, 6-minute walk, and muscle strength each correlate with frailty in US veterans
Authors: Seldeen Kenneth Ladd , Rahman Ayesha Saqebur , Redae Yonas , Satchidanand Nikhil , Mador M. Jeffery , Ma Changxing , Soparkar Mihir , Lima Alexis Rose , Ezeilo Ifeoma N. , Troen Bruce Robert
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Frailty often manifests as an increased vulnerability to adverse outcomes, and detecting frailty is useful for informed healthcare decisions. Veterans are at higher risk for developing frailty and at younger ages. The goal of this study was to investigate approaches in Veterans that can better inform the physiologic underpinnings of frailty, including maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), 6-min walk, muscle strength, and inflammatory biomarkers.

Methods

Participants (N = 42) were recruited from the Buffalo VA Medical Center. Inclusion criteria: ages 60–85, male or female, any race, and not having significant comorbidities or cognitive impairment. Outcome measures included: the Fried frailty phenotype, the short physical performance battery (SPPB), quality of life (QOL) using the Q-LES-Q-SF, and the following physiologic assessments: VO2max assessment on an upright stationary bicycle, 6-min walk, and arm and leg strength. Additionally, inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein, IL-6, IL-10, interferon-γ, and TNF-α) were measured using ELLA single and multiplex ELISA.

Results

Participants: 70.3 ± 7.4 years of age: 34 males and 8 females, BMI = 30.7 ± 5.4 kg/m2, 26 white and 16 African American. A total of 18 (42.8%) were non-frail, 20 (47.6%) were pre-frail, and 4 (9.5%) were frail. VO2max negatively correlated with Fried frailty scores (r = −0.40, p = 0.03, N = 30), and positively correlated with SPPB scores (r = 0.50, p = 0.005), and QOL (r = 0.40, p = 0.03). The 6-min walk test also significantly correlated with VO2max (r = 0.57, p = 0.001, N = 42) and SPPB (r = 0.55, p = 0.0006), but did not quite reach a significant association with frailty (r = −0.28, p = 0.07). Arm strength negatively correlated with frailty (r = −0.47, p = 0.02, N = 26), but not other parameters. Inflammatory profiles did not differ between non-frail and pre-frail/frail participants.

Conclusion

Objectively measured cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with important functional outcomes including physical performance, QOL, and frailty in this group of older Veterans. Furthermore, the 6-min walk test correlated with VO2max and SPPB, but more validation is necessary to confirm sensitivity for frailty. Arm strength may also be an important indicator of frailty, however the relationship to other indicators of physical performance is unclear.
Enhanced antioxidant phytochemicals and catalase activity of celery by-products by a combined strategy of selenium and PGPB under restricted N supply
Authors: Collado-González Jacinta , Piñero María Carmen , Otálora Ginés , López-Marín Josefa , del Amor Francisco M.
Published: September 2024

Introduction

The reduction of N supplied combined with the use of biostimulants can be an efficient strategy that allows sustainable agriculture to achieve better economic, nutritional and environmental goals without reducing production. Moreover, the industrial processing of celery generates large amounts of waste. Therefore the purpose of this study was improve crop management strategies to reduce nitrate pollution while turning crop waste into value-added products for others sectors.

Methods

Consequently, in this work twelve treatments were examined: three N nitrogen content in the nutrient solution (100% control, 60%, and 30%) combined with the inoculation of the roots with Azotobacter salinestris, and foliar application selenium solution (8 μM, Na2SeO4). The celery parts from plants grown under limited N dose showed a higher antioxidant activity and TPC (total phenolic compounds) content.

Results and discussion

The antioxidant activity increased 28% in leaves and 41% in by-products and TPC improved 27% in leaves and 191% in by-products respect to the control. Besides, a significant reduction of β-carotene content (56%, 11% and 43% in petioles, leaves and by-products respect to the control, respectively) was obtained in plants fed with restricted dose of N. The catalase activity was not affected by N dose. The inoculation of the plants with Azotobacter, together with a reduced N dose, achieved a greater accumulation of all the parameters studied. This accumulation was maximum when Se was applied to the leaves compared with the control and depending on the celery part: TPC (121-450%); antioxidant activity (60-68%), of catalase activity (59% - 158%), and of pigments content (50-90%). These findings can boost the valorization of celery by-products as excellent source of bioactive compounds.
Genome wide association study reveals new genes for resistance to striped stem borer in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Xiang Xing , Liu Shuhua , He Yuewen , Li Deqiang , Ofori Andrews Danso , Ghani Kandhro Abdul , Zheng Tengda , Yi Xiaoqun , Li Ping , Huang Fu , Zheng Aiping
Published: September 2024

Rice is one of the most important food crops in the world and is important for global food security. However, damage caused by striped stem borer (SSB) seriously threatens rice production and can cause significant yield losses. The development and use of resistant rice varieties or genes is currently the most effective strategy for controlling SSB. We genotyped 201 rice samples using 2849855 high-confidence single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) based on observed variation data of 201 rice cultivars resistant to SSB. We obtained a quantitative trait locus (QTL)-qRSSB4 that confers resistance to SSB. Through annotation and analysis of genes within the qRSSB4 locus, as well as qRT-PCR detection in resistant rice cultivars, we ultimately selected the candidate gene LOC_Os04g34140 (named OsRSSB4) for further analysis. Next, we overexpressed the candidate gene OsRSSB4 in Nipponbare through transgenic methods, resulting in OsRSSB4 overexpressing lines (OsRSSB4OE). In addition, we evaluated the insect resistance of OsRSSB4OE lines using wild type (Nipponbare) as a control. The bioassay experiment results of live plants showed that after 20 days of inoculation with SSB, the withering heart rate of OsRSSB4OE-34 and OsRSSB4OE-39 lines was only 8.3% and 0%, with resistance levels of 1 and 0, respectively; however, the withering heart rate of the wild-type reached 100%, with a resistance level of 9. The results of the in vitro stem bioassay showed that, compared with the wild-type, the average corrected mortality rate of the SSB fed on the OsRSSB4OE line reached 94.3%, and the resistance reached a high level. In summary, we preliminarily confirmed that OsRSSB4 positively regulates the defense of rice against SSB. This research findings reveal new SSB resistance gene resources, providing an important genetic basis for SSB resistance breeding in rice crops.
The role of predictive and preview effects in Mongolian reading: evidence from eye movements
Authors: Lu Zhang , Ri Na , Jingxin Wang
Published: September 2024

Introduction

The research on contextual predictability in reading has been thoroughly investigated in the context of horizontal text comprehension. However, the performance of contextual predictive effects in Mongolian vertical reading remains unknown.

Methods

To explore this, we conducted an eye-tracking study using a boundary paradigm. Our study aimed to investigate contextual predictability and preview effects in Mongolian reading.

Results

We found significant main effects of predictability and previewing on temporal indicators. However, there were no significant effects on skipping rates, and no interaction between predictability and previewing was observed.

Discussion

We speculate that the unique reading orientation and writing features of Mongolian, compared to horizontally read phonetic scripts, reduce the parafoveal processing of preview information, leading to lower skipping rates in Mongolian reading.
Visual properties and perceived restorativeness in green offices: a photographic evaluation of office environments with various degrees of greening
Authors: Shibata Seiji , Tokuhiro Kenro , Ikeuchi Akinori , Ito Masakazu , Kaji Hirotaka , Muramatsu Masayoshi
Published: September 2024

Office environments play a critical role in employee wellbeing and productivity. While the benefits of incorporating nature into workspaces have been recognized, the specific visual characteristics that contribute to restorativeness remain unclear. This study investigates how visual characteristics of office environments, specifically the presence of greenery and color complexity, are associated with perceived restorativeness. In Study 1, we developed a scale based on Attention Restoration Theory to measure the restorative characteristics of office environments, consisting of three subscales: Being Away, Fascination, and Extent. In Study 2, we used this scale to examine the correlation between the restorative characteristics of offices and the visual properties of office photographs. The results showed that the square root of the percentage of green area, the color fractal dimension, and the brightness fractal predicted perceived restorativeness. Notably, the color fractal dimension often showed a stronger effect than the amount of greenery per se. These findings suggest that both the presence of greenery and the overall complexity of color transitions in office spaces contribute to their restorative potential. Our study provides insights for designing more restorative office environments, emphasizing the importance of not only increasing greenery but also mimicking natural color patterns. The predictive model developed provides a practical tool for estimating the restorative potential of office designs. Although there are limitations such as the use of photographic assessments and the inability to fully explain the Extent component of restorativeness, this study contributes to our understanding of how to create more psychologically supportive work environments.
Drug overdose deaths during prison riots and mental states of prisoners: a case study
Authors: Tomassini Luca , Giuli Gianni , Bottoni Edoardo , David Maria Chiara , Scendoni Roberto
Published: September 2024

Prison riots, though often sensationalized in the media, have profound consequences, with a significant death toll. Prison populations, historically plagued by psychiatric disorders, witness high rates of suicide, particularly linked to turbulent events like riots. This study examines three drug overdose deaths resulting from a prison riot during the initial wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Italy. To ascertain the nature of these deaths, a comprehensive toxicological analysis was conducted. Immunochemical screening and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were employed to detect a spectrum of drugs, including MDMA, methadone, morphine, cannabis derivatives, benzodiazepines, and others. The toxicological findings revealed high concentrations of various substances in the biological fluids of the deceased inmates. Tramadol and mirtazapine were implicated in one case, while methadone was a common factor in the deaths of two inmates, one of whom also ingested diazepam. The synergistic effects of substances were explored, with methadone identified as a leading cause of death in two cases. Prison riots exacerbate drug abuse issues within prisons, leading to mass intoxication and overdose, as witnessed in historic incidents globally. The study underscores the challenges in determining whether such deaths are accidental, intentional (suicidal), or a consequence of uncontrollable drug consumption during a riot. The prison environment also amplifies pre-existing psychiatric disorders, and incidents like riots can trigger a cascade of uncontrollable psychological reactions. The three potential scenarios are drug dependence, accidental overdose in recreational drug use, and suicide attempts through substance ingestion.
How much risk does delirium represent for the development of dementia?: Retrospective cohort study from over 260,000 patients record in a solitary institution
Authors: Minami Hironari , Toyoda Katsunori , Hata Takeo , Nishihara Masami , Neo Masashi , Nishida Keiichiro , Kanazawa Tetsufumi
Published: September 2024

Background

Delirium frequently affects the consciousness of the elderly, particularly those in hospitals. Evidence increasingly associates linking delirium history to an increased risk of dementia. However, most studies are limited in scope, focusing mainly on postoperative or intensive care units with small patient samples, which affects the broader applicability of their findings.

Aims

To elucidate the precise incidence of delirium and the subsequent onset of dementia within whole inpatients. Additionally, we aimed to explore the correlation between the emergence of delirium during hospitalization and the subsequent manifestation of dementia.

Design, setting, and participants

We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis employing a decade-long electronic medical record dataset consisted of 261,123 patients in Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital. Key analyses were performed October 2022 to January 2023.

Main outcomes and measures

The primary outcome, dementia onset, was determined by prescriptions for the anti-dementia drugs donepezil, galantamine, memantine, or rivastigmine, which are approved for use in Japan.

Results

10,781 patients met the inclusion criteria. The median interval between the onset of dementia was 972.5 days for individuals without a history of delirium, whereas for those with a history of delirium, it was notably shorter at 592.5 days. This disparity culminated in a hazard ratio of 5.29 (95% confidence interval: 1.35-20.75) for subsequent dementia onset.

Conclusions and relevance

This investigation underscores the imperative significance of directing attention toward preventive measures against delirium during hospitalization, alongside the necessity of diligent monitoring and intervention for cognitive decline in patients who encounter delirium.
Felt presence and its determinants in young adults: results from three independent samples
Authors: Maciaszek Julian , Senczyszyn Adrianna , Rejek Maksymilian , Bielawski Tomasz , Błoch Marta , Misiak Błażej
Published: September 2024

Felt presence (FP) is a phenomenon that might appear in individuals with mental and neurological disorders as well as those without any specific morbidity. Some studies have indicated that FP is closely related to psychotic symptomatology. Yet, the mechanisms underlying its occurrence remain largely unknown. The present study aimed to disentangle as to whether FP is associated with widely known risk factors of psychosis. Data from three independent samples of non-clinical young adults were analyzed. Self-reports were administered to assess psychopathological symptoms (samples 1 – 3), neurodevelopmental risk factors for psychosis (sample 1), social defeat components (sample 2), childhood trauma and loneliness (sample 3). A total of 4782 individuals were surveyed across all three samples. Unadjusted analyses showed that the following factors are associated with higher odds of FP: obstetric complications, childhood trauma, non-right handedness, a lower education level, unemployment, minority status, humiliation, perceived constraints, and loneliness. However, only minority status and a lower level of education were associated with higher odds of FP after adjustment for other psychopathological symptoms, age, and gender. Importantly, hallucination-like experiences across all recorded modalities and paranoia were associated with higher odds of FP in all samples. Depressive symptoms were weakly associated with FP in two samples. Findings from the present study suggest that the majority of known risk factors for psychosis contribute to the emergence of FP through the effects on psychotic experiences. Low educational attainment and minority status might be the only risk factors independently contributing to the emergence of FP.
From guidelines to bedside - insomnia treatment practices in South Korea: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Moon Daa Un , Piao Zhaoyan , Lee Do Hyun , Han Euna
Published: September 2024

Background

Insomnia is a prevalent disorder that impacts quality of life and leads to significant economic costs. Treatment includes both non-medication and pharmacological interventions, with international guidelines recommending cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) as the first-line treatment.

Objective

To describe current insomnia treatment practices in South Korea, focusing on pharmacological and non-medication treatments, and to identify gaps in guideline implementation.

Methods

This cohort study used data from the Korea National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC) from 2002 to 2019 and identified 18,003 patients newly diagnosed with insomnia between 2015 and 2019. This study analyzed treatment patterns and utilization rates.

Results

Of the 18,003 patients, 16,181 (89.9%) received pharmacological treatment, resulting in 35,638 prescriptions. Zolpidem (60%) and benzodiazepines (30-40%) were the most prescribed medications. Most patients were treated in clinics, with consistent dosages and increasing treatment lengths. Psychotherapy claims rose from 3.20% in 2015 to 9.14% in 2019, particularly in general hospitals (22.06% to 48.37%), but remained low in clinics (1.26% to 2.08%).

Conclusion

Pharmacological treatments dominate insomnia management in South Korea, with CBT-I being underutilized. Future efforts should focus on integrating non-pharmacological treatment into routine practice and exploring treatment risks and effectiveness based on patient demographics.