bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advanced Methods for Verifying Memory Controllers in Modern Computing Systems
Authors: Hiranmaye Sarpana Chandu
Published: October 2024

The primary component of the computer system that requires enhancement is the memory's performance. A memory controller helps in the management of control between the memory as well as the processor. This study gives a general outline of how controller performance in systems based on power converters may be improved using AI approaches. Among the many uses for power converters in today's electrical and energy systems are the effective control and conversion of energy in electric cars, renewable energy sources, and industrial automation, among others. Complementary control strategies used in classical approaches, although work well, may experience difficulties when it comes to system complication, change, and unpredictability. To overcome these restrictions, artificial intelligence methods appear rather prospective. Among the AI types one can distinguish neural networks, fuzzy logic, machine learning that may help to control the converters with enhanced efficiency by using adaptive and intelligent control. These approaches enhance control precision, succession, and reaction time to enhance system effectiveness and dependability. Moreover, this integration of AI enhances the most power converters by making it easier to predict maintenance, detect faults, and optimise for energy hence enhancing the systems. The paper presents new trends in the advanced smart control of the power converters, total control techniques, advantages as well as the challenges posed by AI control strategies. It also describes future trends and research areas for achieving enhanced performance in power converter-based systems through AI and Control techniques
Chatbot: Music Recommendation System
Authors: Amitkumar Shinde  , Ashwini Umbarge  , Neha Morkhande  , Renu Akkawar
Published: October 2024

This paper presents the development of a Chatbot Music Recommendation System that utilizes artificial intelligence to enhance user engagement through personalized music suggestions. The system operates on two primary mechanisms: passive recommendations based on contextual factors such as time of day and weather conditions, and interactive suggestions during user engagement. By integrating real-time data from external APIs, the chatbot can provide relevant song recommendations tailored to the user's environment, such as upbeat tracks for sunny days or calming melodies for rainy weather. Additionally, the system employs natural language processing techniques to understand user preferences and emotions, allowing it to refine its recommendations over time. A comprehensive evaluation of the system's performance is conducted through user feedback and interaction metrics, demonstrating its effectiveness in improving the music discovery experience. The findings indicate that the chatbot not only enhances user satisfaction but also fosters a deeper emotional connection with music. This research contributes to the field of music recommendation systems by merging technology with user-centric design, ultimately transforming how individuals interact with music in their daily lives
Rise in Campylobacter species antimicrobial resistance in Split-Dalmatia County in a ten-year period
Authors: Viduka Dino , Mrčela Dina , Carev Merica
Published: October 2024

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine whether there are changes in Campylobacter species antimicrobial resis-tance, and epidemiological characteristics of campylobacte-riosis in Split-Dalmatia County (SDC), Croatia, in 2021 com-pared to the period 2010-2012. Methods: The data for this study were obtained from the database of the Teaching Public Health Institute of Split and Dalmatia County (TPHI SDC) Split, and they included all outpatients who have been diagnosed with Campylobacterspp. in their stool samples from January to December 2021. The study analyzed the frequency of infections caused by Campylobacter spp., their distribution according to age, gen-der, place of residence, and month of the year, as well as the antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp. isolates. Results: The total number of Campylobacter spp. stool isolates was 395, with the most common isolate being Campylobacter jejuni (365, 92.4%). Campylobacter jejuni isolates had high resistance to ciprofloxacin (74.8%), moderate resistance to tetracycline (21.2%) and co-resistance to tetracycline-ci-profloxacin (19.3%). The resistance rate to azithromycin was low (1.1%). Although Campylobacter jejuni isolates also showed low resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate (5.3%), all Campylobacter jejuni strains resistant to amoxicillin-clavula-nate were also multidrug-resistant to two or more tested an-tibiotics: ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone (100%), tetracycline (15.8%), and azithromycin (5.3%). Epidemiological charac-teristics of campylobacteriosis in SDC in 2021 were similar to those from previous research in the same area.Conclusions: The study revealed an increase in ciprofloxa-cin-resistant Campylobacter jejuni isolates in 2021, compared with findings from 2010 and 2012. However, the percent-age of tetracycline-resistant and tetracycline-ciprofloxacin co-resistant isolates remained stable. Based on these results, azithromycin remains the drug of choice, but it is also pos-sible to treat this infection with amoxicillin-clavulanate be-cause of its low resistance rate
O LÚDICO NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL: CONCEPÇÕES E PRÁTICASDOCENTES
Authors: Denny Grace Sherley , Mendes Ivanise Nazaré
Published: October 2024

This article is a section of a Master's Dissertation and aims to analyze how the knowledge of playfulness in early childhood education is contextualized in teachers' pedagogical practices based on the reality of a municipal early childhood education school. The justification is to reevaluate the pedagogical work, seeking to understand that while educators encounter challenges in developing a playful approach with young children, their practice becomes much more expressive and enjoyable for the children’s school experience. A learning environment where playfulness, creativity, and spontaneity prevail becomes far more conducive to learning. The methodological design was non-experimental, descriptive, cross-sectional, with a mixed approach. It was non-experimental because there was no manipulation of variables or comparison groups. The researcher observes what naturally occurs without interfering in any way. It is a descriptive investigation because it aims to describe the characteristics of a certain population or phenomenon or establish relationships between variables. As for the results, we emphasize that, although there was a comparison regarding the teachers’ years of service, it did not influence the findings. What became evident is that both teachers work with the same goal: to motivate the students’ learning processes through playful tools.
Analysis of Acid Options in the Purification of Spent Motor Engine Oil Using Acidified Clay
Authors: A. A Aboje  , A. A Jibril  , H. Uthman  , N. Bello
Published: October 2024

Abstract: This research is centered on the purification of Spent Shell Helix (HX3 20W-50) lubricating oil using acidified clay treatment with three acids options: mineral sulfuric acid (H2SO4), organic acetic acid (CH3COOH), and organic citric acid (C6H8O7), (a novel washing agent). The clay mineral, spent, purified, and fresh lubrication oil samples were characterized to determine their physicochemical properties. The clay mineral was characterized using Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF). The result indicated that the clay was bentonite clay and it was successfully acidified. The result also indicated that properties of the spent lubricating oil such as Kinematic viscosities at 40 oC and 100 oC increased from 118.9 cSt and 13.9 cSt for the spent oil to 169.7 cSt and 15.2 cSt, 178.2 cSt and 16.3 cSt, 183.4 cSt and 16.8 cSt for the oil samples purified with C6H8O7, CH3COOH and H2SO4 respectively Also, the flash point increased from 106 oC for the spent oil to 133 oC, 180 oC, 189 oC for the oil samples purified with C6H8O7, CH3COOH and H2SO4 respectively. The FTIR analysis of the spent oil revealed the presence of primary oxidized products, absent in spent engine oil purified with mineral sulphuric acid (H2SO4), organic acetic acid (CH3COOH), and fresh oil. Acidified clay effectively purified the spent engine oil, bringing its physicochemical properties closer to those of fresh oil. However, the effectiveness of the treatment varied depending on the specific acid used.
Theoretical framework for attribution-related copyright trolling in creative commons licenses
Authors: Onoriode Reginald Aziza  , Portia Oduro  , Ngodoo Joy Sam-Bulya  , Ngozi Samuel Uzougbo
Published: October 2024

This paper proposes a theoretical framework for understanding attribution-related copyright trolling in Creative Commons (CC) licenses. Attribution clauses, while essential for ensuring creators receive proper credit, have become a tool for exploitation, as some creators misuse these clauses to initiate bad-faith legal claims for financial gain. This review analyzes the legal, economic, and ethical factors enabling such trolling, focusing on gaps in copyright law, the economic incentives for creators, and the moral dilemmas this behavior poses. The paper also suggests reforming attribution clauses, improving the CC licensing system, and developing predictive models to prevent misuse. Future research is highlighted to better understand copyright trolling trends and mitigate exploitation, ensuring that CC licenses continue to support open access and collaboration.
Keywords: Attribution Clauses, Copyright Trolling, Creative Commons Licenses, License Misuse, Legal Reform, Predictive Models.
Strategic innovation in business models: Leveraging emerging technologies to gain a competitive advantage
Authors: Adetumi Adewumi  , Somto Emmanuel Ewim  , Ngodoo Joy Sam-Bulya  , Olajumoke Bolatito Ajani
Published: October 2024

This review paper critically examines the role of strategic innovation in business models, with a focus on how emerging technologies can be leveraged to gain a competitive advantage. By synthesizing existing literature, the paper explores the transformative potential of technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, and the Internet of Things (IoT) on traditional and contemporary business models. The review identifies key patterns and trends in how businesses across various industries are integrating these technologies to enhance their value propositions, streamline operations, and create new revenue streams. The findings suggest that companies that successfully incorporate emerging technologies into their business models are better positioned to outpace competitors and adapt to the rapidly changing market landscape. The paper also discusses the challenges and barriers to technology adoption, such as high implementation costs, skill gaps, and organizational inertia, offering insights into strategies that can mitigate these obstacles. The paper underscores the importance of strategic innovation as a critical driver of sustained competitive advantage in the digital era. It highlights that leveraging emerging technologies is not merely an option but a strategic necessity for businesses aiming to thrive amidst ongoing technological disruption. By embracing these innovations, companies can significantly transform their business models, unlock new opportunities, and secure long-term success.
Keywords: Business Model Innovation, Emerging Technologies, Sustainable Practices, Strategic Innovation, Partnerships, Open Innovation, Circular Economy, Organizational Agility, Continuous Improvement, Competitive Advantage, Digital Transformation, Market Adaptation, Technological Integration, Collaborative Innovation, Resilient Business Models.
PENGGUNAAN ALAT PERAGA EDUKATIF LITERACY BOX SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN LITERASI DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Shofiana
Published: October 2024

Literasi merupakan kemampuan peserta didik dalam memahami informasi yang berkaitan dengan membaca, menulis, menyimak, atau berbicara. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan literasi peserta didik adalah dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran berbentuk alat peraga edukatif. Alat peraga edukatif merupakan segala sesuatu yang dapat digunakan sebagai sarana atau peralatan untuk bermain yang mengandung nilai-nilai pendidikan (edukatif) yang dapat mengembangkan seluruh kemampuan peserta didik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan alat peraga edukatif literacy box sebagai media pembelajaran literasi di sekolah dasar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan alat peraga edukatif literacy box di sekolah dasar sangat efektif untuk mengembangkan kemampuan literasi peserta didik. Literacy box merupakan alat peraga edukatif yang berisi 4 macam media pembelajaran di dalamnya yaitu media menyusun abjad, media tarik garis, media urutkan huruf, dan roda baca. Penggunaan alat peraga edukatif dapat meningkatkan minat dan motivasi belajar peserta didik karena media pembelajaran ini berisi gambar dan huruf yang menarik perhatian peserta didik.
PELATIHAN EKSTRAKURIKULER TARI KREASI DALAM MEMBENTUK SIKAP PERCAYA DIRI SISWA OLEH KAMPUS MENGAJAR 7 DI SDN 50 CAKRANEGARA
Authors: Ayunia Nadia , Yulia Rezqiani
Published: October 2024

Abstrct. Extracurricular dance is a very important activity to build students' self-confidence and sense of responsibility at the 50 Cakranegara State Elementary School. With extracurricular activities, they are able to express themselves through dance movements and musical rhythms so that students' self-confidence can develop.  The research method used is the PALS approach (Paraticcipatory action learning system). The data collection was obtained based on observations in grades 4 and 5 as well as notes while in the field. The results of the research showed that children in grades 4 and 5 who took part in dance extracurricular activities and received dance instruction appeared to have a confident attitude. This is demonstrated by several factors, including responsibility and self-confidence. Aspect of self-confidence: students who are always confident and self-confident seem to have a firm stance, drive and joy, which can be seen in every action they take.   The ability to fulfill obligations and fulfill commitments is a measure of responsibility. With this creative dance extracurricular, it is hoped that it can foster two aspects, namely confidence in one's abilities and responsibility.
Key Word. Extracurricular, Confidence, Dance Art
PENGGUNAAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BACA TULIS AL-QUR’AN DI SDN 010139 PERKEBUNAN GUNUNG MELAYU
Authors: Mursal Aziz  , Napitupulu Dedi Sahputra , Anggi Ariska
Published: October 2024

Penetitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana penggunaan media audio visual dalam meningkatkan kemampuan baca tulis Al-Qur’an anak. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SDN 010139 Perkebunan Gunung Melayu. Studi ini menggunakan metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebelum menggunakan media audio visual adalah sekitar 32% atau hanya 8 siswa dari 25 orang siswa yang tuntas. Peningkatan keterampilan baca tuis Al-Qur’an setelah diterapkannya media audio visual pada siklus I siswa yang tuntas sekitar 48% atau 12 orang, sedangkan yang 13 orangnya lagi belum tuntas. Setelah dilakukan siklus II siswa yang tuntas mengalami peningkatan menjadi 84% atau sekitar 21 orang siswa yang tuntas dan selebihnya 3 orang siswa yang belum tuntas atau 16%. Pada pra tindakan didapat 17 orang yang belum tuntas, pada siklus I turun menjadi 12 orang siswa yang tuntas, dan terakhir pada siklus II menjadi 4 orang siswa saja yang belum tuntas dari 25 orang keseluruhan siswa.
IMPACTO DA GESTÃO DEMOCRÁTICA NA QUALIDADE DA EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Silva Gláuber Antônio Nunes , Santos Maria Pricila Miranda dos
Published: October 2024

Com o intuito de se combater os desafios que repercutem a oferta de uma educação coletiva mais qualificada, vem se discutindo a necessidade e anseio de um novo projeto, alicerçado na contextualização; e, nesse sentido, uma iniciativa crucial e determinante seria a forma de conduzir, de coordenar, orientar, apresentar ações de intervenção; ou seja, uma gestão que vise atender, de forma exitosa, a essas demandas. Dessa forma, é imprescindível que a escola, especialmente, a pública (a qual comporta a maioria da clientela estudantil) busque aprimorar e diversificar o desenvolvimento de suas práticas metodológicas de ensino para que auxiliem na sua função, promovendo interação e trabalho cooperativo constante com a comunidade escolar; pois, dessa ação alavanca-se condição básica para promover uma educação de maior qualidade, tornando mais significativa à aprendizagem dos discentes. Nessa ótica, este trabalho objetivou analisar como promover ações para uma Gestão democrática e participativa, impactando substancialmente na oferta educacional, ainda que, diante de um cenário ainda resistente e persistente à centralização de decisões. A metodologia empregada neste estudo consistiu em um apanhado de revisão bibliográfica detalhada, de modo a valer-se dos seguintes autores e obras: Gadotti (2014), Farsarella (2009), Libâneo (2005), Luck (2006), Paro (2017), dentre outros. Reforçando-se pelo produto das discussões estabelecidas e nos resultados alcançados, conclui-se que o papel da Gestão se faz preponderante, especialmente, à medida em que deve ser desempenhada de forma, realmente, democrática, com a participação de todos os atores envolvidos e responsáveis pelo desfecho da oferta educacional promovida. Por fim, podemos concluir, de acordo com o desenvolvimento do trabalho, que a Gestão exercida de forma literalmente democrática, traz consigo um alicerce substancial para a promoção de uma educação realmente íntegra, centrada nos princípios de cidadania crítica e participativa. Nesse sentido, são também reforçadas outras considerações, através das quais intenciona-se auxiliar pesquisas que venham a ser desencadeadas.
ARQUEOLOGIA EM AMBIENTES COSTEIROS NO DISTRITO DE ARRAIAL D’ AJUDA, PORTO SEGURO: AVALIAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL ARQUEOLÓGICO COM APLICAÇÃO DE MÉTODOS INTERVENTIVOS
Authors: Barbosa Jardel Stenio de Araujo , Araujo Paula Rocha Marino de , Oliveira Leandro Vilar , Gomes George Henrique de Vasconcelos
Published: October 2024

A região de Porto Seguro, localizada no litoral sul do estado da Bahia, possui grande relevância histórica para o Brasil, sendo o local de desembarque da frota de Pedro Álvares Cabral, um marco fundamental no início da colonização portuguesa e na formação do país. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o potencial arqueológico das zonas costeiras da região, com foco em métodos arqueológicos interventivos aplicados no contexto de licenciamento ambiental. Destacamos a relevância dos sítios arqueológicos costeiros já identificados, que carecem de investigações mais aprofundadas. Além disso, discutimos a metodologia arqueológica em ambientes costeiros, com ênfase na identificação e análise desses sítios, contribuindo para o aprofundamento do conhecimento sobre o patrimônio arqueológico costeiro e marítimo da região.
CORRELAÇÃO ENTRE A SINTOMATOLOGIA DE PACIENTES COM DOR LOMBAR CRÔNICA E OS ACHADOS EM EXAMES POR IMAGEM – REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Abreu Talita Maria Araújo de , Braga Filho Francisco Marcelo Alves , Liberato Francisca Rocha Carneiro , Vasconcelos Germana Greicy de , Coutinho Diogenes José Gusmão , Cunha Francisca Maria Aleudinelia Monte
Published: October 2024

O artigo buscou analisar a correlação entre a sintomatologia de pacientes com dor lombar crônica e os achados em exames de imagem. A pesquisa foi realizada nas plataformas BVS, SciELO, PubMed e Periódicos CAPES, usando os descritores "Symptoms", "radiograph" e "chronic low back pain", combinados com o operador booleano AND. Foram incluídos estudos publicados nos últimos cinco anos, em português ou inglês, que abordassem a relação entre a dor lombar e os exames de imagem. Excluíram-se documentos técnicos, editoriais, resenhas, livros, comentários e estudos duplicados. Dos 1.252 artigos inicialmente encontrados, nove foram selecionados após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. O estudo enfatizou a importância de uma história clínica detalhada antes da solicitação de exames de imagem, apontando que a realização rotineira desses exames não melhora os resultados clínicos e pode levar a custos elevados, exposição desnecessária à radiação e tratamentos sem eficácia comprovada. A pesquisa concluiu que há escassez de informações sobre o tema e que é necessário promover novas pesquisas e revisões das práticas de solicitação excessiva de exames de imagem para dor lombar crônica.
EIXO ENCÉFALO-INTESTINO: RELAÇÃO ENTRE A MICROBIOTA INTESTINAL E SINTOMAS DEPRESSIVOS
Authors: Faria Lúcia Danniely Antunes , Gomes Lucas Paulo Oliveria , Costa Danilo Duarte
Published: October 2024

A depressão é um transtorno do humor que afeta importante parcela da população e cursa com comprometimento de funções sociais, cognitivas, laborais e interpessoais. É possível que alterações da microbiota intestinal possa se correlacionar ao desenvolvimento de sintomas depressivos, envolvendo disfunções do eixo encéfalo-intestino e modulações da microbiota. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a relação entre a desregulação do eixo encéfalo-intestino e o desenvolvimento de sintomas depressivos, considerando o papel do microbioma gastrointestinal. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura e foi guiado pela questão-chave: "As desregulações do eixo cérebro-intestino se correlacionam com o desenvolvimento de sintomas depressivos?" A coleta de dados incluiu artigos indexados nas bases de dados PubMed e BVS nos últimos dez anos. A revisão da literatura incluiu a análise de 32 estudos que abordaram a relação entre o eixo encéfalo-intestino e a depressão. Os resultados destacam a importância da microbiota gastrointestinal na regulação do humor e do comportamento emocional. Alterações na composição da microbiota estão associadas a sintomas depressivos, e a modulação da microbiota através da dieta e de intervenções específicas pode ter efeitos benéficos no tratamento da depressão. Os achados dos estudos discutidos nesta revisão demonstram relação entre a microbiota intestinal e o sistema nervoso, observando-se comportamentos depressivos e ansiosos entre alguns pacientes com disbiose.
O PAPEL DO FARMACÊUTICO NO ATO PREVENTIVO AO USO INDEVIDO DE ANTIBIÓTICOS E SUAS CONSEQUÊNCIAS
Authors: Souza Rony Willy Faria de , Abreu Thiago , Andrade Leonardo Guimarães de
Published: October 2024

O objetivo geral deste estudo é analisar o papel do farmacêutico na prevenção do uso indevido de antibióticos, visando reduzir a resistência bacteriana e promover o uso racional desses medicamentos, garantindo sua eficácia terapêutica a longo prazo. A metodologia adotada baseia-se em uma pesquisa de levantamento bibliográfico com abordagem qualitativa, utilizando fontes documentais como as Diretrizes para Estruturação das Farmácias do Conselho Federal de Farmácia e artigos acadêmicos disponíveis no Google Acadêmico. Foram incluídos artigos publicados entre 2020 e 2024, e excluídos materiais que não atendiam aos critérios estabelecidos. Os resultados indicam que o farmacêutico desempenha um papel crucial na orientação de pacientes e profissionais de saúde, colaborando na elaboração de protocolos e campanhas educativas para promover o uso adequado de antibióticos e evitar a automedicação. A atuação do farmacêutico é essencial para mitigar os riscos de resistência bacteriana, melhorar a adesão ao tratamento e reduzir custos terapêuticos. Conclui-se que fortalecer a colaboração interdisciplinar e investir em campanhas de conscientização são medidas fundamentais para enfrentar o desafio global da resistência bacteriana, promovendo a sustentabilidade dos tratamentos antimicrobianos a longo prazo.
CISTOTOMIA EM GATA PERSA COM URÓLITO DE OXALATO DE CÁLCIO: RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Rosa Amanda Oyakawa , Afonso Eduardo Capasso dos Anjos
Published: October 2024

A cistotomia é uma técnica cirúrgica amplamente utilizada para a remoção de urólitos em felinos. Este estudo relata o caso de uma gata Persa, de 6 anos, que apresentou hematúria e disúria. Exames de imagem confirmaram a presença de cálculos urinários, e a intervenção cirúrgica foi escolhida como tratamento. O principal objetivo deste relato é destacar a eficácia da cistotomia no manejo de urolitíase por oxalato de cálcio, resultando em desfecho favorável. A técnica utilizada, incluindo suturas absorvíveis monofilamentares e incisões dorsais da bexiga, mostrou-se eficaz, alinhada com as recomendações da literatura. O diagnóstico precoce e a abordagem terapêutica multidisciplinar, incluindo medicamentos adequados e ajustes dietéticos, foram fundamentais para a recuperação da paciente e prevenção de recidivas. A necessidade de mais estudos prospectivos sobre diferentes técnicas cirúrgicas e suas implicações em complicações como infecções do trato urinário (ITUs) é destacada, contribuindo para o aprimoramento da prática clínica e cirúrgica na medicina veterinária.
Pengelolaan Sampah di Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA)Gunung Tugel, Desa Kedungrandu, Kecamatan Patikraja,Kabupaten Banyumas
Authors: Laely Priatna  , Wahyu Hariadi  , Elly Kristiani Purwendah
Published: October 2024

Perkembangan pembangunan di kota Purwokerto dalam jumlahpenduduk yang besar dengan tingkat pertumbuhan yang tinggimengakibatkan bertambahnya volume sampah. Untuk mengatasipermasalahan sampah disetiap daerah wajib memiliki TempatPembuangan Akhir (TPA) sebagaimana diatur dalam pasal 6 UndangUndang Nomor 18 tahun 2008 tentang Pengelolaan Sampah. PemerintahKabupaten Banyumas memiliki TPA Gunung Tugel sebagai tempatpembuangan akhir yang terletak di Desa Kedungrandu dengan luas lahan± 5 Ha. Namun TPA tersebut ditutup pada tahun 2016 disebabkan karenakurang maksimalnya pengelolaan sampah dengan metode open dumping,terbatasnya lahan, dan kurangnya sarana dan prasarana, sehinggaberdampak terhadap pencemaran udara, timbulnya gas methane yangmenimbulkan bau busuk, berjangkitnya penyakit, dan tercemarnya airtanah oleh air lindi. Metode pendekatan dalam penelitian ini adalahyuridis empiris, data yang digunakan adalah data primer melaluiobservasi dan wawancara kepada narasumber dan responden sebagaidata utama, data sekunder sebagai data pendukung berupa bahan bahanhukum, metode deskriptif kualitatif yang digunakan untuk melakukananalisis. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menjawab permasalahan timbulansampah dari dampak negatif pengelolaan sampah dengan metode opendumping.
Importance of aerosol composition and aerosol vertical profiles in global spatial variation in the relationship between PM2.5 and aerosol optical depth
Authors: Zhu Haihui , Martin Randall V. , van Donkelaar Aaron , Hammer Melanie S. , Li Chi , Meng Jun , Oxford Christopher R. , Liu Xuan , Li Yanshun , Zhang Dandan , Singh Inderjeet , Lyapustin Alexei
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is the leading global environmental determinant of mortality. However, large gaps exist in ground-based PM2.5 monitoring. Satellite remote sensing of aerosol optical depth (AOD) offers information to help fill these gaps worldwide when augmented with a modeled PM2.5–AOD relationship. This study aims to understand the spatial pattern and driving factors of this relationship by examining η (PM2.5AOD) using both observations and modeling. A global observational estimate of η for the year 2019 is inferred from 6870 ground-based PM2.5 measurement sites and satellite-retrieved AOD. The global chemical transport model GEOS-Chem, in its high-performance configuration (GCHP), is used to interpret the observed spatial pattern of annual mean η. Measurements and the GCHP simulation consistently identify a global population-weighted mean η value of 96–98 µg m−3, with regional values ranging from 59.8 µg m−3 in North America to more than 190 µg m−3 in Africa. The highest η value is found in arid regions, where aerosols are less hygroscopic due to mineral dust, followed by regions strongly influenced by surface aerosol sources. Relatively low η values are found over regions distant from strong aerosol sources. The spatial correlation of observed η values with meteorological fields, aerosol vertical profiles, and aerosol chemical composition reveals that spatial variation in η is strongly influenced by aerosol composition and aerosol vertical profiles. Sensitivity tests with globally uniform parameters quantify the effects of aerosol composition and aerosol vertical profiles on spatial variability in η, exhibiting a population-weighted mean difference in aerosol composition of 12.3 µg m−3, which reflects the determinant effects of composition on aerosol hygroscopicity and aerosol optical properties, and a population-weighted mean difference in the aerosol vertical profile of 8.4 µg m−3, which reflects spatial variation in the column–surface relationship.
Assessing the most severe subsistence crisis of the 17th century in the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula: a meteorological perspective
Authors: deCastro Maite , González-Cao Jose , deCastro Nicolás , Taboada Juan J. , Vaquero Jose M. , Gómez-Gesteira Moncho
Published: October 2024

Abstract. The analysis of climate behavior over centuries reveals how environmental forces shaped society and helps contextualize modern climate trends and future projections. The torrential rains in several regions of the Eastern Atlantic during 1768–1769 triggered the last and most severe agricultural crisis in Galicia and Northern Portugal, resulting in unprecedented mortality. The atmospheric conditions of this historical episode were analyzed using the EKF400v2 paleo-reanalysis dataset, which spans from the 17th century to the early 21st century. From June 1768 to May 1769, the rainfall anomaly in Galicia and Northern Portugal was positive in 11 out of 12 months. Although the rainfall in Northern Portugal appeared less intense than in Galicia, June 1768 had the highest positive rain anomaly of the century, and September 1768 had the second-highest. This excess precipitation agrees with the occurrence of pro-Serenitate rogations and written testimonies indicating an unusually high number of rainy days between June 1768 and May 1769. The atmospheric synoptic patterns for the rainiest months show negative anomalies in both sea level pressure and 500 hPa geopotential height in the northeast Atlantic. These patterns are associated with troughs in the northeastern Atlantic that induce the formation of surface low-pressure systems and hinder the eastward progression of anticyclones into the region, resulting in more frequent episodes of rain and cold than usual.
Long-term impacts of global temperature stabilization and overshoot on exploited marine species
Authors: Morée Anne L. , Lacroix Fabrice , Cheung William W. L. , Frölicher Thomas L.
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Global warming alters ocean conditions, which can have dramatic consequences for marine species. Yet, the centennial-scale effects and reversibility of habitat viability for marine species, particularly those that are important to fisheries, remain uncertain. Using the Aerobic Growth Index, we quantify the impacts of warming and deoxygenation on the contemporary habitat volume of 46 exploited marine species in novel temperature stabilization and overshoot simulations until 2500. We demonstrate that only around half the simulated loss of contemporary (1995–2014) habitat volume is realized when warming levels are first reached. Moreover, in an overshoot scenario peaking at 2 °C global warming before stabilizing at 1.5 °C, the maximum decrease in contemporary habitat volume occurs more than 150 years post-peak warming. Species’ adaptation may strongly mitigate impacts depending on adaptation rate and pressure. According to our study, marine species will be affected for centuries after temperature stabilization and overshoot, with impacts surpassing those during the transient warming phase.
PPCon 1.0: Biogeochemical-Argo profile prediction with 1D convolutional networks
Authors: Pietropolli Gloria , Manzoni Luca , Cossarini Gianpiero
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Effective observation of the ocean is vital for studying and assessing the state and evolution of the marine ecosystem and for evaluating the impact of human activities. However, obtaining comprehensive oceanic measurements across temporal and spatial scales and for different biogeochemical variables remains challenging. Autonomous oceanographic instruments, such as Biogeochemical (BGC)-Argo profiling floats, have helped expand our ability to obtain subsurface and deep-ocean measurements, but measuring biogeochemical variables, such as nutrient concentration, still remains more demanding and expensive than measuring physical variables. Therefore, developing methods to estimate marine biogeochemical variables from high-frequency measurements is very much needed. Current neural network (NN) models developed for this task are based on a multilayer perceptron (MLP) architecture, trained over point-wise pairs of input–output features. Although MLPs can produce smooth outputs if the inputs change smoothly, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are inherently designed to handle profile data effectively. In this study, we present a novel one-dimensional (1D) CNN model to predict profiles leveraging the typical shape of vertical profiles of a variable as a prior constraint during training. In particular, the Predict Profiles Convolutional (PPCon) model predicts nitrate, chlorophyll, and backscattering (bbp700) starting from the date and geolocation and from temperature, salinity, and oxygen profiles. Its effectiveness is demonstrated using a robust BGC-Argo dataset collected in the Mediterranean Sea for training and validation. Results, which include quantitative metrics and visual representations, prove the capability of PPCon to produce smooth and accurate profile predictions improving upon previous MLP applications.
A Descriptive Analysis of the Use of Various Therapeutics in a Cohort of COVID-19 Patients and the Influence of Media Coverage
Authors: Mathew Alfred A. , Mensah Barbara , Cravero John C. , Moffatt David C. , Dongre Roshan , Giang Thao K. , Olvera Samantha C. , McLellan Susan L.F. , Levine Corri B.
Published: October 2024

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) impacted the healthcare system immensely throughout 2020-2022. Treatment practices varied in Texas, as guidelines were in flux. As a result, a variety of therapeutics were used. Many verified medications with scientific basis were trialed, while others were implemented despite a lack of scientific consensus. This study aimed to identify how practice patterns to treat and manage COVID-19 changed over time in a cohort of patients in the University of Texas Medical Branch hospital system.
Methods: Ninety participants with a COVID-19 diagnosis were included in the analysis for this study. Data was collected by a retrospective chart review, and included medications administered before and during current admission. Medications were categorized as: antiviral, antibiotic, steroid, supplement, antibody, hydroxychloroquine, and others.
Results: Differences in therapeutic use were identified based on hospitalization status (outpatient or inpatient) and month admitted. The largest difference in the antiviral remdesivir (78%), requiring intravenous administration for up to ten days. In the outpatient setting, antibiotics, primarily azithromycin, were quite common. Additionally, month-to-month variation in steroid use and antibiotic use was observed.
Conclusion: This study shows that adapting medical guidelines and strong media coverage played a role in the clinical management of COVID-19 patients. At times, some ineffective medications were prescribed such as hydroxychloroquine.  Medical leaders and news coverage should collaborate closely in future public health emergencies to prevent the prescription of ultimately ineffective and potentially hazardous treatments.
Assessment of Antimicrobial Resistance and Susceptibility Pattern of UTI-causing Microorganisms in Southern Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Anjum Muhammad Mehwar , Khalid Faiza , Saleem Rida , Abdul Malik Muhammad Awais Bin , Rizwan Muhammad
Published: October 2024

Background: Bacterial resistance against antibiotics has become a global challenge and measures are needed to stop this. The aim of this study is to highlight this problem and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of organisms in Southern Punjab, Pakistan.
Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Sheikh Zayed Medical Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan. The urine samples obtained from 4 different wards were sent for culture and sensitivity analysis. 9 antibiotics (Nitrofurantoin, Fosfomycin, Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole, Norfloxacin, Linezolid, Amoxicillin, and Imipenem) were tested against 5 isolated strains of uropathogens using Kirby Bauer disk diffusion test. The sensitivity reports were obtained, and data points were entered into a spreadsheet and analysed using SPSS.
Results: Out of 101 samples of uropathogens that showed positive growths (42.08%), 53 (52.4%) were from male patients and 48 (47.5%) positive growths were from females. Escherichia Coli had the highest positive growths (58%) followed by Pseudomonas (19%) Klebsiella (13%), Staphylococcus Aureus (7%) and Coagulase-negative staphylococci (3%). Imipenem was the most sensitive drug whereas the highest resistance by organisms was developed against TMP-SMX. No significant association(p>0.05) was found between any of the anti-microbial drugs and Escherichia coli, gram-positive uropathogens, and gram negative uropathogens.
Conclusion: The high increasing rate of broad-spectrum antibiotics resistance suggests that diagnostic and culture tests should be encouraged in hospitals. Based on these test results, appropriate antibiotics should be prescribed. The limitations include the inability to distinguish between nosocomial and community-acquired urinary tract infections and also did not consider other demographic factors like age.
Successful Subungual Glomus Tumor Removal: A Case Report and Future Guidance on Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Karna Made Bramantya , Suteja Richard Christian
Published: October 2024

Background: Glomus tumors are rare benign hamartomas of the glomus body that occur mostly – though not limited to - the distal phalanxes of the digits. This article provides a real-life example of successful rare disease identification and treatment. It also provides a guideline that may help serve as future guidance on diagnosis and treatment.
Case: A 41-year-old male came to our hospital presenting with a chief complaint of  episodes of throbbing pain, which occurred spontaneously on the left thumb for the past two years. The pain had worsened in the past two weeks. The patient was positive for Hildreth’s, Love’s pin, and cold sensitivity tests. The previous x-ray showed no abnormalities in the left thumb. MRI found a hyperdense subungual lesion in the dorsal interphalangeal joint of the left thumb. We then performed an excision using the transungual approach. Histopathological findings found a relatively well-circumscribed lesion of the glomus apparatus absent of abnormal mitosis and necrosis. Two months after the excision, the patient reported no symptoms of recurrency, nail deformity, or other adverse outcomes.
Conclusion: Patients typically present a chief complaint of chronic paroxysmal throbbing nail pain that persists for years, increases following exposure to cold environments, and is disproportionately exacerbated with the slightest touch. Hildreth’s, Love’s Pin, and cold sensitivity tests are special examinations that elicit or suppress pain. As with most benign tumors, complete excision usually yields good results. Adequate knowledge about diagnostic methods will help patients achieve early intervention and cure.
Improving access to syphilis screening among unhoused people in Yolo County
Authors: Kupa Jenna , Bruguera Ren , Agnoli Nadia , Agnoli Alicia , Melgoza Liliana , Portnoy Anna , Portnoy P. Suzanne
Published: October 2024

Background: This study aimed to increase syphilis screening rates amongst unhoused residents of Yolo County, California, through the implementation of plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles. Yolo County has a strategic goal to eliminate congenital syphilis cases. Homelessness is a known risk factor for syphilis. 
Methods: The primary researcher was embedded in a street medicine team. Using quality improvement tools like stakeholder interviews, workflow diagrams, and best practices from literature, we outlined the team's workflow for syphilis screening and developed ideas to improve uptake and expand capacity. The most effective cycle implemented gift card incentives for syphilis screening. During the patient intake we offered the option to receive a syphilis test, informing the patient of the gift card incentive. 
Results: Prior to gift card incentives, the team screened 1.6 patients on average per clinic for a total of 30 patients screened in April to June of 2022. After the gift card incentive was implemented, the team screened 3.0 patients on average per clinic, screening a total of 223 patients from July 2022 to May 2023. The intervention produced an 87.5% increase in screening rates (P=0.0094). The data showed a significant increase in syphilis testing upon implementing the gift card incentive program.
Conclusion: These findings contribute to evidence supporting the use of patient incentives for public health prevention measures. This model could be applied to other populations to increase health screening participation. More research is needed on the effect of gift card incentives on confirmatory testing and treatment rates for syphilis.
Evaluation of physico-chemical quality and occurrence of Salmonella in water from food retail outlets
Authors:   Department of Veterinary Public Health, 2 Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur- 680 651, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Kerala, India, Anjali S. , Menon K. Vrinda , Sunil B. , Vijay Deepthi , Sankar Surya
Published: October 2024

Salmonella is one among the most important biological contaminants in drinking water that possess safety hazards to human life. Faecal contamination of the water, indirectly from the household sewage discharge, municipal sewage etc. attributes to the repeated detection of Salmonella in water. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of Salmonella and physico- chemical quality evaluation of samples of water collected from food retail outlets of Thrissur and Kollam districts. A total of 50 water samples (25 each from Thrissur and Kollam districts) used for cooking purpose were collected over a period of six months, March to August 2023. Water samples were subjected to comparative evaluation of physico-chemical qualities viz., pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS) and hardness. Collected water samples were examined for Salmonella spp. by conventional culture method and PCR. Genus specific and virulence genes of the isolates were detected using polymerase chain reaction. The occurrence of Salmonella spp. in samples of water collected from Thrissur was 24 per cent whereas in Kollam district it was only four per cent. The overall occurrence of Salmonella spp. in samples of water collected from both districts was 14 per cent. Physico-chemical parameters of water samples viz., pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids and hardness were within the BIS prescribed standards. The molecular characterisation of Salmonella spp. detected 16S rRNA in all isolates but invA and spvA genes were detected only in 14.28 per cent of the isolates. Hence proper disinfection of water and food sanitation in the retail outlets will help to minimize the risk of foodborne pathogens Keywords: Salmonella, water, physico-chemical quality, food retail outlets
Development of Arthrospira platensis fortified spiced buttermilk
Authors:   Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India, 2 Dept. of Dairy Chemistry, VKIDFT, Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Kerala, India, Rose Hency , Paswan Vinod Kumar , Lukose Smitha J. , Felix Jude
Published: October 2024

An incredible surge in demand for fermented dairy products has been experienced recently due to its nutraceutical benefits and lifestyle preferences. As a traditional fermented dairy beverage, cultured buttermilk is an ideal product choice in this context. This study introduces a novel cultured buttermilk fortified with the high protein microalgae Arthrospira platensis, making it beneficial and appealing due to its preferable mouthfeel and antioxidant characteristics. The goal of this study was to extensively evaluate and determine the optimum amount of Spirulina powder to be mixed into buttermilk, while also analyzing the alterations in the physicochemical and sensory properties of the resulting product. The pH, titratable acidity, DPPH inhibition activity, Phenolic content, and sensory properties of newly developed cultured buttermilk with varying concentrations of Spirulina 0.25, 0.45, 0.65, 0.85 and 1.5% were compared with that of the control buttermilk sample with no added Spirulina. Based on the findings derived from the conducted study, it has been concluded that the incorporation of 0.25% Spirulina, can potentially enhance the nutritional composition and functional health attributes of cultured buttermilk without affecting sensory score Keywords: Butter milk, fortification, Arthospira platensis, antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, sensory evaluation
Effect of stress mitigation measures on the aggressive behaviour and body weight loss of Large White Yorkshire crossbred pigs during transportation
Authors:   Department of Livestock Production Management, 2Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Wayanad-673576, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Kerala, India, Manish M. , Abraham John , Jose Roshin Anie , Nayar Renuka , Mathew Deepak , Deepa P. , Nimna S. , Chandana S. N.
Published: October 2024

This study examined the impact of stress mitigation measures on the live body weight loss and skin lesion scores of Large White Yorkshire pigs after a 200 km transportation by road. Twenty-four LWY pigs were randomly allotted into four groups of six each: control group (T1 ), pigs injected with vitamin E and selenium (T2 ), pigs administered hydrogen rich water (T3 ), and pigs exposed to monochromatic blue light (T4 ). Hydrogen-rich water administration (T3 ) resulted in the highest live body weight loss, while exposure to monochromatic blue light (T4 ) induced the lowest. Shrinkage during transport mirrored the live body weight loss trend. Significant differences emerged in skin lesion scores, notably in the hindquarter and tail regions. Monochromatic blue light exposure (T4 ) correlated with reduced aggressive behaviour, evidenced by lower hindquarter skin lesion scores. Conversely, hydrogen-rich water administration (T3 ) resulted in higher tail region skin lesion scores. The findings suggest that exposure to monochromatic blue light may have a calming effect during transport and can be recommended as a stress mitigation strategy to enhance overall animal welfare during transportation Keywords: Transportation stress, body weight loss, shrinkage, aggressive behaviour