bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Failure of Advanced High Strength Steels Heterogeneous Spot Welds
Authors: Huin Thibaut , Dancette Sylvain , Fabrègue Damien , Dupuy Thomas
Published: May 2016

Nowadays, environmental regulation encourages carmakers to reduce the global vehicle weight. Steelmakers develop grades with high performance (Advanced High Strength Steels, AHSS) and fine steel sheet assemblies are used in car body structures, with an optimized thickness in each part. However, unusual fracture modes are sometimes observed during the mechanical tests of heterogeneous AHSS welds, made of dissimilar steel grades and sheet thicknesses. Weld fractures can occur with a strength lower than expected. This study aims at understanding these fracture mechanisms and focuses on two common steel grades joined by Resistance Spot Welding (RSW): DP600 (a dual phase steel) and Usibor®1500 (a martensitic steel). The parameters affecting the failure modes and load bearing capacity are investigated during two common types of tests: the Cross Tension and Tensile Shear tests. The positive effects of heterogeneous welding with respect to the corresponding homogeneous configurations are discussed, as well as the consequences of a so-called Dome failure occurring at the weld nugget boundary.
Performances of Green and Eco-Friendly Ramming Pastes in EGA Pots
Authors: Allard Bénédicte , Tawfik Mohamed , Kumar Arvind
Published: May 2016

Consistent and high quality ramming paste products, installed according to optimized procedures, are required for improved operation and longer pot life. However, ramming paste used to be a hazardous product and needs special precautions for handling and application. A 100% eco-friendly cold ramming paste has been developed by Carbone Savoie and tested at Emirates Global Aluminium (EGA) sites. A test has also been developed by Carbone Savoie to follow-up, identify and quantify emissions during the baking of paste up to 1000 °C. Physico-chemical characteristics of various pastes are presented, together with their composition in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and volatile organic compounds (VOC), determined by an accredited laboratory and the results of emissions during paste baking. The results of pot operation at the EGA sites show no harmful impact on pot preheat, early operation, or regular operation performance. Pot performance data are given for comparison. The new paste offers a green and clean alternative to harsh chemicals typically associated with the industry.
Role of Vitamin D in Cognitive Function in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Cheng Zhen , Lin Jing , Qian Qi
Published: May 2016

Both vitamin D deficiency and cognitive impairment are common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Vitamin D exerts neuroprotective and regulatory roles in the central nervous system. Hypovitaminosis D has been associated with muscle weakness and bone loss, cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia), inflammation, oxidative stress, immune suppression and neurocognitive impairment. The combination of hypovitaminosis D and CKD can be even more debilitating, as cognitive impairment can develop and progress through vitamin D-associated and CKD-dependent/independent processes, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Although an increasingly recognized comorbidity in CKD, cognitive impairment remains underdiagnosed and often undermanaged. Given the association of cognitive decline and hypovitaminosis D and their deleterious effects in CKD patients, determination of vitamin D status and when appropriate, supplementation, in conjunction with neuropsychological screening, should be considered integral to the clinical care of the CKD population.
Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells on Gutta-Percha Scaffolds
Authors: Zhang Liudi , Yu Yingjie , Joubert Christopher , Bruder George , Liu Ying , Chang Chung-Chueh , Simon Marcia , Walker Stephen , Rafailovich Miriam
Published: May 2016

Advances in treatment of tooth injury have shown that tooth regeneration from the pulp was a viable alternative of root canal therapy. In this study, we demonstrated that Gutta-percha, nanocomposites primarily used for obturation of the canal, are not cytotoxic and can induce differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) in the absence of soluble mediators. Flat scaffolds were obtained by spin coating Si wafers with three Gutta-percha compounds: GuttaCore™, ProTaper™, and Lexicon™. The images of annealed surfaces showed that the nanoparticles were encapsulated, forming surfaces with root mean square (RMS) roughness of 136–211 nm. Then, by culturing DPSC on these substrates we found that after some initial difficulty in adhesion, confluent tissues were formed after 21 days. Imaging of the polyisoprene (PI) surfaces showed that biomineral deposition only occurred when dexamethasone was present in the media. Spectra obtained from the minerals was consistent with that of hydroxyapatite (HA). In contrast, HA deposition was observed on all Gutta-percha scaffolds regardless of the presence or absence of dexamethasone, implying that surface roughness may be an enabling factor in the differentiation process. These results indicate that Gutta-percha nanocomposites may be good candidates for pulp regeneration therapy.
Radiometric cross Calibration of Gaofen-1 WFV Cameras Using Landsat-8 OLI Images: A Simple Image-Based Method
Authors: Li Juan , Feng Lian , Pang Xiaoping , Gong Weishu , Zhao Xi
Published: May 2016

WFV (Wide Field of View) cameras on-board Gaofen-1 satellite (gaofen means high resolution) provide unparalleled global observations with both high spatial and high temporal resolutions. However, the accuracy of the radiometric calibration remains unknown. Using an improved cross calibration method, the WFV cameras were re-calibrated with well-calibrated Landsat-8 OLI (Operational Land Imager) data as reference. An objective method was proposed to guarantee the homogeneity and sufficient dynamic coverage for calibration sites and reference sensors. The USGS spectral library was used to match the most appropriate hyperspectral data, based on which the spectral band differences between WFV and OLI were adjusted. The TOA (top-of-atmosphere) reflectance of the cross-calibrated WFV agreed very well with that of OLI, with the mean differences between the two sensors less than 5% for most of the reflectance ranges of the four spectral bands, after accounting for the spectral band difference between the two sensors. Given the calibration error of 3% for Landsat-8 OLI TOA reflectance, the uncertainty of the newly-calibrated WFV should be within 8%. The newly generated calibration coefficients established confidence when using Gaofen-1 WFV observations for their further quantitative applications, and the proposed simple cross calibration method here could be easily extended to other operational or planned satellite missions.
An Energy Saving System for a Beam Pumping Unit
Authors: Lv Hongqiang , Liu Jun , Han Jiuqiang , Jiang An
Published: May 2016

Beam pumping units are widely used in the oil production industry, but the energy efficiency of this artificial lift machinery is generally low, especially for the low-production well and high-production well in the later stage. There are a number of ways for energy savings in pumping units, with the periodic adjustment of stroke speed and rectification of balance deviation being two important methods. In the paper, an energy saving system for a beam pumping unit (ESS-BPU) based on the Internet of Things (IoT) was proposed. A total of four types of sensors, including load sensor, angle sensor, voltage sensor, and current sensor, were used to detect the operating conditions of the pumping unit. Data from these sensors was fed into a controller installed in an oilfield to adjust the stroke speed automatically and estimate the degree of balance in real-time. Additionally, remote supervision could be fulfilled using a browser on a computer or smartphone. Furthermore, the data from a practical application was recorded and analyzed, and it can be seen that ESS-BPU is helpful in reducing energy loss caused by unnecessarily high stroke speed and a poor degree of balance.
Retrieving Land Surface Temperature from Hyperspectral Thermal Infrared Data Using a Multi-Channel Method
Authors: Zhong Xinke , Huo Xing , Ren Chao , Labed Jelila , Li Zhao-Liang
Published: May 2016

Land Surface Temperature (LST) is a key parameter in climate systems. The methods for retrieving LST from hyperspectral thermal infrared data either require accurate atmospheric profile data or require thousands of continuous channels. We aim to retrieve LST for natural land surfaces from hyperspectral thermal infrared data using an adapted multi-channel method taking Land Surface Emissivity (LSE) properly into consideration. In the adapted method, LST can be retrieved by a linear function of 36 brightness temperatures at Top of Atmosphere (TOA) using channels where LSE has high values. We evaluated the adapted method using simulation data at nadir and satellite data near nadir. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the LST retrieved from the simulation data is 0.90 K. Compared with an LST product from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) on Meteosat, the error in the LST retrieved from the Infared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) is approximately 1.6 K. The adapted method can be used for the near-real-time production of an LST product and to provide the physical method to simultaneously retrieve atmospheric profiles, LST, and LSE with a first-guess LST value. The limitations of the adapted method are that it requires the minimum LSE in the spectral interval of 800–950 cm−1 larger than 0.95 and it has not been extended for off-nadir measurements.
A Nonlinear Framework of Delayed Particle Smoothing Method for Vehicle Localization under Non-Gaussian Environment
Authors: Xiao Zhu , Havyarimana Vincent , Li Tong , Wang Dong
Published: May 2016

In this paper, a novel nonlinear framework of smoothing method, non-Gaussian delayed particle smoother (nGDPS), is proposed, which enables vehicle state estimation (VSE) with high accuracy taking into account the non-Gaussianity of the measurement and process noises. Within the proposed method, the multivariate Student’s t-distribution is adopted in order to compute the probability distribution function (PDF) related to the process and measurement noises, which are assumed to be non-Gaussian distributed. A computation approach based on Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) is designed to cope with the mean and the covariance matrix of the proposal non-Gaussian distribution. A delayed Gibbs sampling algorithm, which incorporates smoothing of the sampled trajectories over a fixed-delay, is proposed to deal with the sample degeneracy of particles. The performance is investigated based on the real-world data, which is collected by low-cost on-board vehicle sensors. The comparison study based on the real-world experiments and the statistical analysis demonstrates that the proposed nGDPS has significant improvement on the vehicle state accuracy and outperforms the existing filtering and smoothing methods.
Current Developments on Optical Feedback Interferometry as an All-Optical Sensor for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Perchoux Julien , Quotb Adam , Atashkhooei Reza , Azcona Francisco , Ramírez-Miquet Evelio , Bernal Olivier , Jha Ajit , Luna-Arriaga Antonio , Yanez Carlos , Caum Jesus , Bosch Thierry , Royo Santiago
Published: May 2016

Optical feedback interferometry (OFI) sensors are experiencing a consistent increase in their applications to biosensing due to their contactless nature, low cost and compactness, features that fit very well with current biophotonics research and market trends. The present paper is a review of the work in progress at UPC-CD6 and LAAS-CNRS related to the application of OFI to different aspects of biosensing, both in vivo and ex vivo. This work is intended to present the variety of opportunities and potential applications related to OFI that are available in the field. The activities presented are divided into two main sensing strategies: The measurement of optical path changes and the monitoring of flows, which correspond to sensing strategies linked to the reconstruction of changes of amplitude from the interferometric signal, and to classical Doppler frequency measurements, respectively. For optical path change measurements, measurements of transient pulses, usual in biosensing, together with the measurement of large displacements applied to designing palliative care instrumentation for Parkinson disease are discussed. Regarding the Doppler-based approach, progress in flow-related signal processing and applications in real-time monitoring of non-steady flows, human blood flow monitoring and OFI pressure myograph sensing will be presented. In all cases, experimental setups are discussed and results presented, showing the versatility of the technique. The described applications show the wide capabilities in biosensing of the OFI sensor, showing it as an enabler of low-cost, all-optical, high accuracy biomedical applications.
A platform for actively loading cargo RNA to elucidate limiting steps in EV‐mediated delivery
Authors: Hung Michelle E. , Leonard Joshua N.
Published: May 2016

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate intercellular communication through transfer of RNA and protein between cells. Thus, understanding how cargo molecules are loaded and delivered by EVs is of central importance for elucidating the biological roles of EVs and developing EV‐based therapeutics. While some motifs modulating the loading of biomolecular cargo into EVs have been elucidated, the general rules governing cargo loading and delivery remain poorly understood. To investigate how general biophysical properties impact loading and delivery of RNA by EVs, we developed a platform for actively loading engineered cargo RNAs into EVs. In our system, the MS2 bacteriophage coat protein was fused to EV‐associated proteins, and the cognate MS2 stem loop was engineered into cargo RNAs. Using this Targeted and Modular EV Loading (TAMEL) approach, we identified a configuration that substantially enhanced cargo RNA loading (up to 6‐fold) into EVs. When applied to vesicles expressing the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSVG) – gesicles – we observed a 40‐fold enrichment in cargo RNA loading. While active loading of mRNA‐length (>1.5 kb) cargo molecules was possible, active loading was much more efficient for smaller (~0.5 kb) RNA molecules. We next leveraged the TAMEL platform to elucidate the limiting steps in EV‐mediated delivery of mRNA and protein to prostate cancer cells, as a model system. Overall, most cargo was rapidly degraded in recipient cells, despite high EV‐loading efficiencies and substantial EV uptake by recipient cells. While gesicles were efficiently internalized via a VSVG‐mediated mechanism, most cargo molecules were rapidly degraded. Thus, in this model system, inefficient endosomal fusion or escape likely represents a limiting barrier to EV‐mediated transfer. Altogether, the TAMEL platform enabled a comparative analysis elucidating a key opportunity for enhancing EV‐mediated delivery to prostate cancer cells, and this technology should be of general utility for investigations and applications of EV‐mediated transfer in other systems.
A cross-metathesis approach to novel pantothenamide derivatives
Authors: Guan Jinming , Hachey Matthew , Puri Lekha , Howieson Vanessa , Saliba Kevin J , Auclair Karine
Published: May 2016

Pantothenamides are known for their in vitro antimicrobial activity. Our group has previously reported a new stereoselective route to access derivatives modified at the geminal dimethyl moiety. This route however fails in the addition of large substituents. Here we report a new synthetic route that exploits the known allyl derivative, allowing for the installation of larger groups via cross-metathesis. The method was applied in the synthesis of a new pantothenamide with improved stability in human blood.
ORBITAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANETESIMALS CAPTURED BY CIRCUMPLANETARY GAS DISKS
Authors: Suetsugu Ryo , Ohtsuki Keiji , Fujita Tetsuya
Published: May 2016

Sufficiently massive growing giant planets have circumplanetary disks, and the capture of solid bodies by the disks would likely influence the growth of the planets and formation of satellite systems around them. In addition to dust particles that are supplied to the disk with inflowing gas, recent studies suggest the importance of capture of planetesimals whose motion is decoupled from the gas, but the orbital evolution of captured bodies in circumplanetary gas disks has not been studied in detail. In the present work, using three-body orbital integration and analytic calculations, we examine orbital characteristics and subsequent dynamical evolution of planetesimals captured by gas drag from circumplanetary gas disks. We find that the semimajor axes of the planet-centered orbits of planetesimals at the time of permanent capture are smaller than about one-third of the planet's Hill radius in most cases. Typically, captured bodies rapidly spiral into the planet, and the rate of the orbital decay is faster for the retrograde orbits due to the strong headwind from the circumplanetary gas. When a planetesimal captured in a retrograde orbit suffers from sufficiently strong gas drag before spiraling into the planet, its orbit turns to the prograde direction at a radial location that can be explained using the Stokes number. We also find that those captured in certain types of orbits can survive for a long period of time even under gas drag both in the prograde and retrograde cases, which may be important for the origin of irregular satellites of giant planets.
THE SUBARCSECOND MID-INFRARED VIEW OF LOCAL ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI. III. POLAR DUST EMISSION*
Authors: Asmus D. , Hönig S. F. , Gandhi P.
Published: May 2016

Recent mid-infrared (MIR) interferometric observations have shown that in a few active galactic nuclei (AGNs) the bulk of the infrared emission originates from the polar region above the putative torus, where only a little dust should be present. Here, we investigate whether such strong polar dust emission is common in AGNs. Out of 149 Seyferts in the MIR atlas of local AGNs, 21 show extended MIR emission on single-dish images. In 18 objects, the extended MIR emission aligns with the position angle (PA) of the system axis, established by [O iii], radio, polarization, and maser-based PA measurements. The relative amount of resolved MIR emission is at least 40% and scales with the [O iv] fluxes, implying a strong connection between the extended continuum and [O iv] emitters. These results together with the radio-quiet nature of the Seyferts support the scenario that the bulk of MIR emission is emitted by dust in the polar region and not by the torus, which would demand a new paradigm for the infrared emission structure in AGNs. The current low detection rate of polar dust in the AGNs of the MIR atlas is explained by the lack of sufficient high-quality MIR data and the requirements on the orientation, strength of narrow-line region, and distance of the AGNs. The James Webb Space Telescope will enable much deeper nuclear MIR studies with comparable angular resolution, allowing us to resolve the polar emission and surroundings in most of the nearby AGNs.
COEVAL INTERMEDIATE-MASS STAR FORMATION IN N4W
Authors: Chen Zhiwei , Zhang Shaobo , Zhang Miaomiao , Jiang Zhibo , Tamura Motohide , Kwon Jungmi
Published: May 2016

Protostars are mostly found in star-forming regions, where the natal molecular gas still remains. At about

5
′

west of the molecular bubble N4, N4W is identified as a star-forming clump hosting three Class II (IRS 1–3), and one Class I (IRS 4) young stellar objects (YSOs), as well as a submillimeter source SMM1. The near-IR polarization imaging data of N4W reveal two infrared reflection nebulae close to each other, which are in favor of the outflows of IRS 1 and IRS 2. The bipolar mid-IR emission centered on IRS 4 and the arc-like molecular gas shell are lying on the same axis, indicating a bipolar molecular outflow from IRS 4. There are two dust temperature distributions in N4W. The warmer one is widely distributed and has a temperature of

T

d

≳
28

K

, with the colder one being from the embedded compact submillimeter source SMM1. N4W’s mass is estimated to be

∼
2.5
×

10

3

M

⊙

, and the mass of SMM1 is

∼
5.5
×

10

2

M

⊙

at

T

d

=
15

K

, calculated from the CO 1 − 0 emission and 870 μm dust continuum emission, respectively. Based on the estimates of the bolometric luminosity of IRS 1–4, these four sources are intermediate-mass YSOs at least. SMM1 is gravitationally bound, and is capable of forming intermediate-mass stars or even possibly massive stars. The co-existence of the IR bright YSOs and the submillimeter source represents potential sequential star formation processes separated by ∼0.5 Myr in N4W. This small age spread implies that the intermediate-mass star formation processes happening in N4W are almost coeval.
DETECTION OF HF TOWARD PKS 1830–211, SEARCH FOR INTERSTELLAR H2F+, AND LABORATORY STUDY OF H2F+ AND H2Cl+ DISSOCIATIVE RECOMBINATION
Authors: Kawaguchi K. , Muller S. , Black J. H. , Amano T. , Matsushima F. , Fujimori R. , Okabayahsi Y. , Nagahiro H. , Miyamoto Y. , Tang J.
Published: May 2016

We report extragalactic observations of two fluorine-bearing species, hydrogen fluoride (HF) and fluoronium (H2F+), in the z = 0.89 absorber in front of the lensed blazar PKS 1830−211 with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. HF was detected toward both southwest and northeast images of the blazar, with column densities >3.4 × 1014 cm−2 and 0.18 × 1014 cm−2, respectively. H2F+ was not detected, down to an upper limit (3σ) of 8.8 × 1011 cm−2 and an abundance ratio of [H2F+]/[HF]

1/386. We also searched for H2F+ toward the Galactic sources NGC 6334 I and W51C, and toward Galactic center clouds with the Herschel HIFI spectrometer.6
The upper limit on the column density was derived to be 2.5 × 1011 cm−2 in NGC 6334 I, which is 1/68 of that for H2Cl+. In constrast, the ortho transition of H2Cl+ is detected toward PKS 1830–211. To understand the small abundance of interstellar H2F+, we carried out laboratory experiments to determine the rate constants for the ion–electron recombination reaction by infrared time-resolved spectroscopy. The constants determined are k

e
(209 K) =

cm3 s−1 and

cm3 s−1 for H2F+ and H2Cl+, respectively. The difference in the dissociative recombination rates between H2F+ and H2Cl+ by a factor ∼2 and the cosmic abundance ratio [F]/[Cl] ≈ 1/6 are not enough to explain the much smaller abundance of H2F+. The difference in the formation mechanism of H2F+ and H2Cl+ in interstellar space would be a major factor in the small abundance of H2F+.
MAGNETO-ACOUSTIC WAVES IN A GRAVITATIONALLY STRATIFIED MAGNETIZED PLASMA: EIGEN-SOLUTIONS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS TO THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE
Authors: Mather J. F. , Erdélyi R.
Published: May 2016

Magneto-acoustic gravity (MAG) waves have been studied intensively in the context of astrophysical plasmas. There are three popular choices of analytic modeling using a Cartesian coordinate system: a magnetic field parallel, perpendicular, or at an angle to the gravitational field. Here, we study a gravitationally stratified plasma embedded in a parallel, so called vertical, magnetic field. We find a governing equation for the auxiliary quantity Θ = p
1/ρ
0, and find solutions in terms of hypergeometric functions. With the convenient relationship between Θ and the vertical velocity component, v

z
, we derive the solution for v

z
. We show that the four linearly independent functions for v

z
can also be cast as single hypergeometric functions, rather than the Frobenius series derived by Leroy & Schwartz. We are then able to analyze a case of approximation for a one-layer solution, taking the small wavelength limit. Motivated by solar atmospheric applications, we finally commence study of the eigenmodes of perturbations for a two-layer model using our solutions, solving the dispersion relation numerically. We show that, for a transition between a photospheric and chromospheric plasma embedded in a vertical magnetic field, modes exist that are between the observationally widely investigated three and five minute oscillation periods, interpreted as solar global oscillations in the lower solar atmosphere. It is also shown that, when the density contrast between the layers is large (e.g., applied to photosphere/chromosphere-corona), the global eigenmodes are practically a superposition of the same as in each of the separate one-layer systems.
A GLOBAL MAGNETIC TOPOLOGY MODEL FOR MAGNETIC CLOUDS. IV.
Authors: Hidalgo M. A.
Published: May 2016

In the first paper of this series, we introduced a global topology model for the study of magnetic clouds (MCs), fitting it to the experimental magnetic field components and obtaining, for example, the orientation of the axis of the MCs in the interplanetary medium. In the third paper, we extended the model to include theoretical hydrostatic plasma pressure, also incorporating it in the fitting procedure. The present work is complementary to the previous ones, now incorporating the proton current density as deduced from the continuity equation. In particular, we are interested in the component of the proton current density parallel to the magnetic field lines of the MC,

, because the perpendicular component is expected to have information similar to the plasma pressure. Under all of these conditions, our fitting procedure now involves simultaneous analysis of the three components of the magnetic field, the trace of the plasma pressure, and the parallel proton current density. This provides us with more information about the physical mechanisms taking place inside MCs, thus helping us to understand the propagation and evolution of these structures in the interplanetary medium.
EXCITATION OF COUPLED STELLAR MOTIONS IN THE GALACTIC DISK BY ORBITING SATELLITES
Authors: D’Onghia E. , Madau P. , Vera-Ciro C. , Quillen A. , Hernquist L.
Published: May 2016

We use a set of high-resolution N-body simulations of the Galactic disk to study its interactions with the population of cosmologically predicted satellites. One simulation illustrates that multiple passages of massive satellites with different velocities through the disk generate a wobble, which has the appearance of rings in face-on projections of the stellar disk. They also produce flares in the outer disk parts and gradually heat the disk through bending waves. A different numerical experiment shows that an individual satellite as massive as the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy passing through the disk will drive coupled horizontal and vertical oscillations of stars in underdense regions with small associated heating. This experiment shows that vertical excursions of stars in these low-density regions can exceed 1 kpc in the Solar neighborhood, resembling the recently locally detected coherent vertical oscillations. They can also induce non-zero vertical streaming motions as large as 10–20 km s−1, which is consistent with recent observations in the Galactic disk. This phenomenon appears as a local ring with modest associated disk heating.
The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty and Its Relevance for the Global Security
Authors: Adašková Daša , Ludvík Tomáš
Published: May 2016

The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) is one of important international nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament measures. One of its pillars is the verification mechanism that has been built as an international system of nuclear testing detection to enable the control of observance of the obligations anchored in the CTBT. Despite the great relevance to the global non-proliferation and disarmament efforts, the CTBT is still not in force. The main aim of the article is to summarize the importance of the CTBT and its entry into force not only from the international relations perspective but also from the perspective of the technical implementation of the monitoring system.
Security Cooperation in SADC: SADC on the Way to Security Community?
Authors: Piknerová Linda
Published: May 2016

This text aims to analyze security cooperation in the Southern African Development Community. The article is based on two theoretical approaches, the first one is a concept of security community, the second one is a human security. Both theories have become widely accepted in the early 1990s because of their ability to cover wider international changes. The Southern African Development Community is seen as a regional integration plan which aspires to become a security community in Karl Deutsch's sense. Beside the both mentioned theories, the text deals with the history of security cooperation in the south of Africa and its changes. The main discussed question is wheher the SADC could be understood as a newly emerging security community.
Visegrad Four EU Battlegroup: Meaning and Progress
Authors: Paulech Michal , Urbanovská Jana
Published: May 2016

In 2011, the states of the so-called Visegrad Four (V4), i.e. the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia, decided to form a joint European Union battlegroup by 2016, available for rapid deployment within ten days and within a radius of six thousand kilometres from Brussels. The intention to establish this military formation had become the first initiative of its kind within the V4 ever. The present article therefore aims to examine the content of the mutual military cooperation among the CR, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia in the form of the V4 battlegroup and make readers acquainted with relevant and up-to-date information about the process of the formation of the V4 battlegroup and its importance for the military cooperation of the V4 countries. In order to achieve that, the authors introduce the previous experience of the individual V4 countries with the formation of EU battlegroups, explain the motives of the V4 countries to form a joint battlegroup, describe the path leading to the creation of the V4 BG as well as the possibilities of its deployment and the question of financing, and finally they deal with the perspectives of the V4 BG from the point of view of its importance for further development of military cooperation between the V4 countries.
Contemporary Architecture in Tirana during the Transition Period
Authors: Nepravishta Florian
Published: May 2016

AIM: Tirana is a city that in transition period has been changed and transformed both architecturally and in its urban form.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Unavoidable changes in urban rush: from unregulated spontaneous development and without infrastructure it has gone through the urban redevelopment planning and architectural projects.RESULTS: Actually some of the most famous European studios, from Bolles+Wilson to MVRDV, AtenaStudio, Bjarke Ingels, Archaea Studio, Grimshaw, Daniel Libeskind are facing Tirana capital that has claimed the international architectural culture’s attention.CONCLUSION: This article draws a view of contemporary architecture produced by domestic and international architects and planners in a city looking through the new century with a will of renewal throw contemporary planning and architecture.
Quartiers et effets de quartier. Analyse de la variabilité de la taille des quartiers perçus dans l’agglomération parisienne
Authors: Vallée Julie , Le Roux Guillaume , Chauvin Pierre
Published: May 2016

Cet article propose de discuter des approches rigides et standardisées du quartier qui prévalent dans les études sur les « effets de quartier ». En étudiant les zones que plus de 650 habitants de l’agglomération parisienne (enquête SIRS « Santé, Inégalités et Ruptures sociales ») définissent comme étant leur quartier de résidence, il s’agit d’abord d’analyser comment la taille des quartiers perçus varie selon la morphologie urbaine et sociale des espaces résidentiels mais aussi selon le profil sociodémographique des habitants et leurs rapports au quartier. Après avoir constaté que les habitants de Paris intra-muros et des espaces socialement favorisés perçoivent leur quartier comme une zone sensiblement plus étendue que les autres habitants, l’idée est de souligner les erreurs de quantification et d’interprétation des effets de quartier auxquels s’exposent les études lorsqu’elles considèrent les quartiers comme des unités spatiales de taille constante (mailles administratives ou zones circulaires) et négligent ainsi les capacités différenciées des populations à s’approprier leur quartier de résidence.
Donc on fait quoi ? Exercices inventifs
Authors: Chémery Valentin , Krikorian Gaëlle , Ponticelli Adèle , Rabau Sophie , Vermeersch Laure , Wahnich Sophie
Published: May 2016

Résumé Éditorial
Pas de courage
Authors: Zaoui Pierre
Published: May 2016

Résumé À partir de rien
Courage en cauchemars
Authors: Ponticelli Adèle
Published: May 2016

Résumé Jour et nuit
Faire la révolution
Authors: Wahnich Sophie
Published: May 2016

Résumé Une bascule subjective
Les huit salopards habitent en France
Authors: Johnson Arthémis
Published: May 2016

Résumé De l’ignominie
Quelle perte êtes-vous
Authors: Easterman-Ulmann Rachel
Published: May 2016

Résumé Du temps, de l’amour et du monde
La vie d’artiste(s)
Authors: Conchou Thomas , Fera Anna , Grataloup Victorine , Klonowski Carine
Published: May 2016

Résumé Des témoignages
La Guerra de los Cabanos. Participación indígena en la formación del Estado nacional brasileño en el siglo XIX. Provincias de Pernambuco y Alagoas (1832-1835)
Authors: Albuquerque Dantas Mariana
Published: May 2016

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo analizar la participación en la Guerra de los Cabanos (1832-1835) de los indígenas provenientes de dos aldeas localizadas en las provincias de Pernambuco y Alagoas. Iniciada la revuelta por miembros de las elites regionales defensoras del regreso de Pedro I al trono brasileño, su estudio permite comprender algunas de las dimensiones de la participación política india en momentos cruciales de la formación del Estado nacional.
El Jurado popular en Colombia en el juicio criminal ordinario. Participación ciudadana y justicia penal en Medellín (1821-1886)
Authors: Londoño Tamayo Andrés Alejandro
Published: May 2016

Este artículo profundiza en la comprensión de la trayectoria seguida por el Jurado popular en materia de justicia criminal ordinaria en Colombia, tomando como estudio de caso el circuito judicial de Medellín (1821-1886). Su objetivo principal es explicar a partir de un estudio centrado en las tendencias de participación ciudadana y de las garantías procesales generadas por la institución en los juzgados, la manera como ésta incidió en el proceso de democratización de la sociedad y en la transformación de la justicia penal. Esta labor se sustenta en un conjunto variado de fuentes documentales, principalmente procesos penales, y en teorizaciones historiográficas críticas sobre la ciudadanía, el derecho y la justicia en el marco Latinoamericano.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMFORT PERCEPTIONS AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN UNIVERSITY CLASSROOM BUILDINGS
Authors: Hoque Simi , Weil Ben
Published: May 2016

This paper presents preliminary data on a series of building comfort experiments conducted in the field. We performed physical in-situ measurements and solicited responses from 409 (184 female; 225 male) university students in six different classrooms at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst during three seasons (fall, winter and spring). Our questions focused on student perception of comfort in varied environmental (temperature and humidity, and air speed) conditions. We collected records of student academic performance in the classes, correlating their comfort perceptions to their test scores. Statistical analysis of classroom environmental variables, thermal satisfaction, and student scores suggest that by enhancing thermal comfort, we can improve academic performance.
Online Healthcare Communities of Practice
Authors: Alali Haitham
Published: May 2016

Online communities of practice (CoPs) are recognised as a KM initiative, whereby practitioners conduct discussions and share their experiences online. The imperative of the evaluation in measuring the effectiveness of Online CoPs fulfills its role and support for healthcare practitioners knowledge sharing has been recognized by practitioners and researchers in the KM field. Success measures of Online CoPs should support healthcare organizations in different methods; it could suggest ways to improve the design, implementation, usage, and operation of Online CoPs by addressing and understanding the main factors that impact the Online CoPs success and acceptance. Presently, establishing an evaluation framework has become essential for the advancement of research and practice in this area. The author has classified the existing researches, based on the area of evaluation. The study concludes by proposing a conceptual framework to measure the success of online CoPs in health care sector.
RFID Technologies in Healthcare Setting
Authors: D'Andrea Alessia , Ferri Fernando , Grifoni Patrizia
Published: May 2016

The paper discusses the use of RFID technologies in healthcare setting examining the status of applications and prospective views. The authors have identified two classes of applications of RFID technologies in healthcare setting: people monitoring/management and items/assets management applications. While for the perspective views it is provided their classification in: future scenarios, emerging applications and needs. Moreover, a discussion on components, development, key strengths and critical issues affecting the RFID usage in healthcare setting is given in the paper.
Consulting Online Healthcare Information
Authors: Schmeida Mary , McNeal Ramona
Published: May 2016

Home caregivers provide multidimensional support to family and friends who are aged, disabled, and unable to care for self. Often experiencing the negative effects of caregiver stress, they face potential physical and emotional strain, changes in health requiring emergency treatment, and financial burden. Today, families are turning to mobile technology to lessen their burden and to cope with the stress of caring for members through activities including healthcare information searches. The purpose of this study is to explore how the Internet is helping caretakers to make decisions on the selection of doctors and treatment options. Multivariate regression analysis and individual level data from the Pew Internet and American Life Project is used. The authors' findings suggest that while caregivers are using the Internet for making decisions on family health needs, they are not as likely to use it to protect their own health.
Cyber Security Education and Research in the Finland's Universities and Universities of Applied Sciences
Authors: Lehto Martti
Published: May 2016

The revolution in information technology that began in the 1990s has been transforming Finland into an information society. Imaginative data processing and utilization, arising from the needs of citizens and the business community, are some of the most important elements in a thriving society. Information and know-how have become key ‘commodities' in society, and they can be utilized all the more efficiently through information technology. For all nations, the information technology revolution quietly changed the way business and government operate, as well as the daily life of citizens. Our daily life, fundamental rights, social interactions and economies depend on information and communication technology working seamlessly. An open and free cyberspace has promoted political and social inclusion worldwide; it has broken down barriers between countries, communities and citizens, allowing interaction and sharing of information and ideas across the globe. Individuals, public and private organizations alike depend on the cyber world. From the citizens using social media, to banks growing their business, to law enforcement supporting national security – every sector of the society is increasingly dependent upon technology and networked systems. While the public sector, the economy and the business community as well as citizens benefit from globally networked services, the digital IT society contains inherent vulnerabilities which may generate security risks to citizens, the business community or the vital functions of society. Without sufficient awareness of the risks in cyber world, however, behavioral decisions and unseen threats can negatively impact the security of the critical infrastructure and can cause physical damage in the real world. On an individual level, what is at stake is the vulnerability of each individual user in cyber world. As the world grows more connected through cyber world, a highly skilled cyber security workforce is required to secure, protect, and defend national critical information infrastructure. Across the private and public sector organizations are looking for well-trained professionals to assess, design, develop, and implement cyber security solutions and strategies. While the demand for cyber security professionals is high, the supply is low. Meeting the growing demand for cyber security professionals begins in the education system. The most efficient custom to increase cyber security is the improvement of the know-how. The cyber security strategies and development plans require the improvement of the know-how of the citizens and actors of the economic life and public administration. Pursuant to Finland's Cyber Security Strategy (2013) “the implementation of cyber security R&D and education at different levels does not only strengthen national expertise, it also bolsters Finland as an information society.” In this article are analyzed the cyber security research and education which is offered in Finland's universities and universities of applied sciences.
Reconceptualising Cyber Security
Authors: Liaropoulos Andrew N.
Published: May 2016

The cyber security discourse is dominated by states and corporations that focus on the protection of critical information infrastructure and databases. The priority is the security of information systems and networks, rather than the protection of connected users. The dominance of war metaphors in the cyber security debates has produced a security dilemma, which is not sufficiently addressing the needs of people. This article underlines this shortcoming and views cyber security through a human-centric perspective. Freedom of expression and the right to privacy are under attack in the era of cyber surveillance. From a human-centric perspective such rights should be understood as a critical part of cyber security. Human rights protections need to be effectively addressed in the digital sphere and gain their place in the cyber security agendas.
SPCTA
Authors: Brown III Harry
Published: May 2016

The field of cybersecurity crosses multiple domains as it has risen to affect state governance. The Internet has enabled aspects of connectedness and capabilities that have the potential to effect state power. Such conditions affect the standing of nation-states within the international political system and their relation to other states. This is a matter of cyber-relations, where the behavior of states towards each other is based on the comparative cyber-capability of the state. Emerging conditions include the ability of non-state actors to wield similar cyber-power and affect state governance, and affect state operations and its contract with its constituents (contract alluding to the provisions for the public good). This research addresses the notion of non-state actors within this context, specifically, proposing and analytical framework for analyzing cyber threats from non-state actors.
Teacher Training and Digital Paths. Revolution in the School
Authors: Limone Pierpaolo , Pace Rosaria
Published: May 2016

Innovative practices in schools are the outcome of a combination of factors, including the teacher's primary role in directing methodological and technological innovation. In order to make this happen, the teacher – as an expert and educational leader – needs a repertoire of specific skills that allow for critical and situated adoption of tools, processes and learning resources. This paper describes the educational structure and features of some online and blended courses intended for initial and continuous teacher training. These courses are designed to support teachers in acquiring strategic competences for their work. Starting from the experience of the University of Foggia, the authors intend to offer their perspective on the prominence of teacher training within the framework of school innovation.
Impediments to Digital Fabrication in Education
Authors: Smith Rachel Charlotte , Iversen Ole Sejer , Veerasawmy Rune
Published: May 2016

Digital fabrication technologies are increasingly integrated across subjects in primary and secondary education. Focus on the potentials of these technologies has mainly been on the support to STEM oriented learning goals, while emphasis on teachers' roles with the new learning processes of technology and design is largely absent. The paper addresses the experiences and challenges that digital fabrication technology present for teachers in educational environments, and the impediments that are linked to the teachers' roles in design processes of digital fabrication. Based on a research study with eight primary and lower secondary teachers, the findings point to four central impediments for integrating digital fabrication and design into school environments. The findings extend current perceptions of digital technology in education towards exploratory processes of investigation in which the teachers' roles are fundamental.
Developing Digital Competences of Vocational Teachers
Authors: Seufert Sabine , Scheffler Nina
Published: May 2016

In the context of corporate learning digital media and digital tools have become more accepted than in the field of education systems. Particularly vocational schools are obviously under pressure to deal with changes due to digitalization in many sectors and professions. One reason why technology-based learning is still underdeveloped in schools could be the insufficient digital competences of teachers. Presently most teachers gain their knowledge on how to use digital media for learning and teaching informally. In the implementation of formal educational efforts, a low practical feasibility in specific working context as well as time and financial aspects are criticized. Present research shows that non-formal and informal learning should be better linked in order to develop teachers' digital competences sustainably. The present contribution introduces a necessary framework to include informal learning processes in teacher education at vocational schools and furthermore fosters a school culture of learning together and from each other.
Phenol Removal from Contaminated Wastewater Using Activated Carbon/Zeolite Composite Coated with Titanium Dioxide
Authors: Gomonsirisuk Khemmakorn , Wasanapiarnpong Thanakorn , Mongkolkachit Charusporn
Published: May 2016

Phenol and phenolic compounds in wastewater from various industries were toxic to water livings and human even in ppm concentration. A number of photocatalysts and adsorbents were applied for the low cost and good efficiency wastewater management to reduce phenol concentration in water. In this work titanium dioxide, one of high efficiency photocatalysts which is widely used in water treatement, was coated on the fabricated adsorbent composite substrate. The composite substrate composed of activated carbon and NaA zeolite presents high phenol adsorption because of high porosity and good ion exchange properties resulting in good adsorption property. Accordingly, the absorption could promote the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 catalyst. As the specimens were easily disposed after water treatment process, therefore, it was a good choice for lower energy consumption. The composite substrate was easily fabricated by simple extrusion and fired under non oxidation atmosphere at 650°C for 3 hours. Then polyurethane foam was inserted into the composite substrate to make it be able to float and be swirled by wind near water surface to get more UV excitation than deeper water. Phenol concentration was investigated by the UV absorbance at 270 nm using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The XRD and SEM were used to study phase crystal structure and morphology of the composite.