bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Comparison of Endovascular and Open Surgical Treatment for Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Terms of Safety and Efficacy on the Basis of a Single-Center 30-Year Experience
Authors: Duran Mansur , Arnautovic Amir , Kilic Cem , Rembe Julian-Dario , Mulorz Joscha , Schelzig Hubert , Wagenhäuser Markus Udo , Garabet Waseem
Published: November 2023

Objective: Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA) is a critical condition with a high mortality rate. Over the years, endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) has evolved as a viable treatment option in addition to open repair (OR). The primary objective of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of EVAR and OR for the treatment of rAAA based on a comprehensive analysis of our single-centre 30-year experience. Methods: Patients treated for rAAA at the Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany from 1 January 1993 to 31 December 2022 were included. Relevant information was retrieved from archived medical records. Patient survival and surgery-related complications were analysed. Results: None of the patient-specific markers, emergency department-associated parameters, and co-morbidities were associated with patient survival. The 30-day and in-hospital mortality was higher in the OR group vs. in the EVAR group (50% vs. 8.7% and 57.1% vs. 13%, respectively). OR was associated with more frequent occurrence of more severe complications when compared to EVAR. Overall patient survival was 56 ± 5% at 12 months post-surgery (52 ± 6% for OR vs. 73 ± 11% for EVAR, respectively) (p < 0.05). Patients ≥70 years of age showed poorer survival in the OR group, with a 12-month survival of 42 ± 7% vs. 70 ± 10% for patients <70 years of age (p < 0.05). In the EVAR group, this age-related survival advantage was not found (12-month survival: ≥70 years: 67 ± 14%, <70 years: 86 ± 13%). Gender-specific survival was similar regardless of the applied method of care. Conclusion: OR was associated with more severe complications in our study. EVAR initially outperformed OR for rAAA regarding patient survival while re-interventions following EVAR negatively affect survival in the long-term. Elderly patients should be treated with EVAR. Gender does not seem to have a significant impact on survival.
Reactive Strength Index, Rate of Torque Development, and Performance in Well-Trained Weightlifters: A Pilot Study
Authors: Anastasiou Giorgos , Hadjicharalambous Marios , Terzis Gerasimos , Zaras Nikolaos
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the reactive strength index (RSI) using the drop jump (DJ) and the isometric rate of torque development (RTD) with weightlifting performance in national-level weightlifters. Seven male weightlifters (age: 28.3 ± 5.7 years, body mass: 80.5 ± 6.7 kg, body height: 1.73 ± 0.07 m) participated in this study. Measurements were performed 2 weeks prior to the national championship and included the countermovement jump (CMJ), the squat jump (SJ), the DJ from three different drop heights (20, 30, and 40 cm), and the isometric peak torque (IPT) and RTD. Performance in CMJ and SJ was significantly correlated with weightlifting performance (r ranging from 0.756 to 0.892). Significant correlations were found between weightlifting performance with DJ contact time (r ranging from −0.759 to −0.899) and RSI (r ranging from 0.790 to 0.922). Moreover, the best RSI was significantly correlated with the snatch (r = 0.921, p = 0.003) and total performance (r = 0.832, p = 0.020). Small to very large correlations were found between IPT and RTD with weightlifting performance (r ranging from 0.254 to 0.796). These results suggest that RSI and contact time variables from DJ may predict weightlifting performance in well-trained weightlifters. Additionally, IPT and RTD may provide useful insights into the neuromuscular fitness condition of the weightlifter.
Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) Immortalization by Modulation of hTERT and TP53 Expression Levels
Authors: Rakhmatullina Aigul , Mingaleeva Rimma , Gafurbaeva Dina , Glazunova Olesya , Sagdeeva Aisylu , Bulatov Emil , Rizvanov Albert , Miftakhova Regina
Published: November 2023

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pivotal players in tissue repair and hold great promise as cell therapeutic agents for regenerative medicine. Additionally, they play a significant role in the development of various human diseases. Studies on MSC biology have encountered a limiting property of these cells, which includes a low number of passages and a decrease in differentiation potential during in vitro culture. Although common methods of immortalization through gene manipulations of cells are well established, the resulting MSCs vary in differentiation potential compared to primary cells and eventually undergo senescence. This study aimed to immortalize primary adipose-derived MSCs by overexpressing human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene combined with a knockdown of TP53. The research demonstrated that immortalized MSCs maintained a stable level of differentiation into osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages during 30 passages, while also exhibiting an increase in cell proliferation rate and differentiation potential towards the adipogenic lineage. Long-term culture of immortalized cells did not alter cell morphology and self-renewal potential. Consequently, a genetically stable line of immortalized adipose-derived MSCs (iMSCs) was established.
Modeling the Pumping Behavior of Macroscopic Lead Structures on Shaft Counterfaces of Rotary Shaft Seals
Authors: Engelfried Maximilian , Haffner Georg , Baumann Matthias , Bauer Frank
Published: November 2023

The leak tightness of the sealing system rotary shaft seal is based on the formation of an active back-pumping effect of the sealing ring. Here, the sealing ring pumps the fluid in the sealing gap back into the housing. However, this active sealing mechanism is disturbed by so-called “lead structures”. Lead structures include all types of directional structures on the sealing counterface which create rotation-dependent axial fluid pumping. Lead-affected sealing counterfaces can thus cause leakage or insufficient lubrication of the sealing contact. To ensure leak tightness, lead must be avoided or tolerated. This article investigates how different structural characteristics of lead affect the amount of fluid pumped by the shaft surface. For this purpose, 26 shafts are subjected to surface analyzing methods and an experimental pumping rate test. The interaction of various geometric features of the lead structures and their combined effect on the pumping capacity is modeled based on the measured data. Appropriated correlation models are discussed and relationships between shaft lead and its pumping effect are shown. The aim is to estimate shaft pumping rates based on surface measurements in future. The results contribute to the derivation of measurable tolerance values for lead and to the prevention of leakage.
Proximal Policy Optimization-Based Reinforcement Learning and Hybrid Approaches to Explore the Cross Array Task Optimal Solution
Authors: Corecco Samuel , Adorni Giorgia , Gambardella Luca Maria
Published: November 2023

In an era characterised by rapid technological advancement, the application of algorithmic approaches to address complex problems has become crucial across various disciplines. Within the realm of education, there is growing recognition of the pivotal role played by computational thinking (CT). This skill set has emerged as indispensable in our ever-evolving digital landscape, accompanied by an equal need for effective methods to assess and measure these skills. This research places its focus on the Cross Array Task (CAT), an educational activity designed within the Swiss educational system to assess students’ algorithmic skills. Its primary objective is to evaluate pupils’ ability to deconstruct complex problems into manageable steps and systematically formulate sequential strategies. The CAT has proven its effectiveness as an educational tool in tracking and monitoring the development of CT skills throughout compulsory education. Additionally, this task presents an enthralling avenue for algorithmic research, owing to its inherent complexity and the necessity to scrutinise the intricate interplay between different strategies and the structural aspects of this activity. This task, deeply rooted in logical reasoning and intricate problem solving, often poses a substantial challenge for human solvers striving for optimal solutions. Consequently, the exploration of computational power to unearth optimal solutions or uncover less intuitive strategies presents a captivating and promising endeavour. This paper explores two distinct algorithmic approaches to the CAT problem. The first approach combines clustering, random search, and move selection to find optimal solutions. The second approach employs reinforcement learning techniques focusing on the Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) model. The findings of this research hold the potential to deepen our understanding of how machines can effectively tackle complex challenges like the CAT problem but also have broad implications, particularly in educational contexts, where these approaches can be seamlessly integrated into existing tools as a tutoring mechanism, offering assistance to students encountering difficulties. This can ultimately enhance students’ CT and problem-solving abilities, leading to an enriched educational experience.
Efficacy of Different Fluoride Therapies on Hypersensitive Carious Lesions in Primary Teeth
Authors: Abudrya Mohamed , Splieth Christian H. , Mourad Mhd Said , Santamaría Ruth M.
Published: November 2023

Background and Objectives: This prospective, comparative, double-cohort study aimed to compare the efficacy of silver diamine fluoride and potassium iodide (38% SDF+KI; Riva Star®) with sodium fluoride varnish (5% NaF; Duraphat®) in hypersensitive carious lesions in primary teeth to evaluate caries arrest and hypersensitivity relief. Materials and Methods: This study included thirty 2–5-year-olds (mean age = 3.67 ± 1.06 years; 16 males and 14 females) who required a desensitizing treatment for hypersensitive carious defects with visible dentin. A total of 15 of the participants were consecutively allocated to treatment with 5% NaF, and they were further compared to an equal number of participants treated with 38% SDF+KI solutions (n = 15). The treatments were performed following clinical evaluation of caries activity using the International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMSTM) and the Bjørndal criteria (score of 0–9). Parental-reported hypersensitivity was evaluated using a visual analogue scale (0–10 = no to severe pain). Results: Clinical variables were evaluated at baseline and three months after treatment. Thereafter, a significant decline in hypersensitivity/pain led to lower final scores in the Riva Star® group (0.40 ± 1.12, p = 0.002) than in the Duraphat® group (1.40 ± 2.20, p = 0.004). The caries arrest effect was significantly higher in the Riva Star® group (86.7%) compared to the Duraphat® group three months after treatment (13.3%, p < 0.001). In both groups, there were no statistically significant differences in the children’s behavior before, during, and after treatment. Conclusions: Ultimately, with both fluoride therapies reducing hypersensitivity/pain significantly, treatment with 38% SDF+KI was clearly more effective in caries arrest than 5% NaF varnish after a 3-month period.
Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation after Hyaluronic Acid Injections for Elderly with Knee, Hip, Shoulder, and Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis
Authors: Lippi Lorenzo , Ferrillo Martina , Turco Alessio , Folli Arianna , Moalli Stefano , Refati Fjorelo , Perrero Luca , Ammendolia Antonio , de Sire Alessandro , Invernizzi Marco
Published: November 2023

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint condition characterized by cartilage deterioration, joint inflammation, and functional limitations, particularly impacting the elderly population. Rehabilitation and hyaluronic acid (HA) injections are common therapeutic approaches routinely used in clinical practice, but their synergistic potential is far from being fully characterized. Thus, the aim of this narrative review was to elucidate the multilevel benefits and synergies of integrating these two approaches in multidisciplinary OA rehabilitation. This narrative review follows the scale for the assessment of narrative review articles (SANRA) criteria and involves a comprehensive literature search from July to August 2023. Two independent reviewers screened studies, including those involving human subjects with OA, rehabilitation strategies, and outcomes following HA injection, published in English. Results: HA injections might improve joint biomechanics, reducing friction, absorbing shocks, and potentially regulating inflammation. Rehabilitation plays a pivotal role in strengthening muscles, increasing the range of motion, and enhancing overall function. Optimizing rehabilitation following HA injection might provide additional benefits in joint health. OA management requires a multidisciplinary approach integrating HA injections, rehabilitation, and personalized care. Challenges in patient adherence and healthcare resources currently exist, but emerging technologies offer opportunities to enhance patient engagement and monitoring optimizing sustainability and outcomes of patients with knee, hip, shoulder, and temporomandibular joint OA.
Novel Route for Preparing Diamond-Enhanced Cemented Carbides via Reactive Sintering
Authors: Spalden Mathias von , Pötschke Johannes , Michaelis Alexander
Published: November 2023

Hardmetals are cemented carbides consisting of the hard ceramic phase WC and the ductile metallic binder Co. They offer an outstanding combination of hardness and fracture toughness. Hence, they have a widespread use across the manufacturing industry. However, due to the increasing requirements for tool material, the combination of the beneficial properties of hardmetal and diamond is a long sought-after objective. In this work, a new approach was evaluated to reduce the formation of graphite due to the phase transformation of diamond during the sintering of compounds together with hardmetal. Earlier trials could not fully suppress the phase transformation despite using alternative Ni-instead of conventional Co-based binder systems and field-assisted sintering (FAST) to reduce required sintering temperatures and time. To lower the amount of graphite formed during sintering even further, a reactive sintering process was developed. The increased sinter activity due to the in situ synthesis of WC has the potential to decrease the needed temperature to achieve a pore-free compact. For the first time, a WC-Ni hardmetal produced from elemental powders was successfully used as a matrix in a diamond-enhanced cemented carbide (DECC). Different approaches regarding carbon sources and the extent of reactive material were pursued. The introduction of a carbon deficit by adding metallic W to a mixture of WC and Ni, which is essentially partial reactive sintering, leads to an increased relative density compared to the reference of 97.3%.
Effect of the Filler Metal and Shielding Gas on the Fatigue Life in HSLA Steels Welded Using the GMAW Process
Authors: Briones Francisco , Zanin Henrique Soares , Iquilio Abarzúa Roberto , Haupt William
Published: November 2023

The composition of the filler electrodes, as well as the shielding gases, has a strong impact on the static and dynamic properties of welded joints in HSLA steels. The content of Cr, Ni, and Mo, along with the shielding gases, helps maintain the hardness values in the HAZ of HSLA steels welded using the GMAW process, resulting in a positive impact on the fatigue life of the joints. Maintaining fatigue properties in the regions of the heat-affected zone is crucial. The increase in the size of the HAZ, coupled with microstructural changes, leads to a reduction in the hardness values in this region, contributing to a decrease in the fatigue life of welded joints. In this study, the effects of using different filler electrodes and shielding gases on the fatigue properties of welded joints in LNE 600 steel with a thickness of 4.75 mm, welded using the GMAW process, were evaluated. It was possible to observe a reduction in the hardness values in the HAZ region and a similar static resistance behavior for all evaluated conditions, except for the ER70S-6 electrode with 5% O2 gas, where the fatigue life showed better results with the application of the ER120S-G electrode.
Temperature Cycle Reliability Analysis of an FBAR Filter-Bonded Ceramic Package
Authors: Tian Wenchao , Li Wenbin , Zhang Shuaiqi , Zhou Liming , Wang Heng
Published: November 2023

On the background that the operating frequency of electronic devices tends to the radio frequency (RF) segment, a film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) filter is widely used in communication and military fields because of its advantages of high upper frequency, ample power capacity, small size, and low cost. However, the complex and harsh working environment puts higher requirements for packaging FBAR filters. Based on the Anand constitutive equation, the stress–strain response of the bonded ceramic package was studied by the finite element method for the FBAR filter-bonded ceramic package, and the thermal fatigue life of the device was predicted. We developed solder models with various spillage morphologies based on the random generation technique to examine the impact of spillage on device temperature reliability. The following are the primary conclusions: (1) Solder undergoes periodic deformation, stress, and strain changes throughout the cycle. (2) The corner of the contact surface between the chip and the solder layer has the largest stress at the end of the cycle, measuring 19.377 MPa. (3) The Engelmaier model predicts that the gadget will have a thermal fatigue life of 1928.67 h. (4) Expanding the layered solder area caused by any solder overflow mode may shorten the device’s thermal fatigue life. The thermal fatigue life of a completely spilled solder is higher than that of a partially spilled solder.
Reservoir Characteristics and Main Factors Controlling Carboniferous Volcanic Rocks in the Well CH471 Area of the Hongche Fault Zone: Northwest Margin of Junggar Basin, China
Authors: Chen Zhengyu , Qin Qirong , Li Hu , Zhou Jiling , Wang Jie
Published: November 2023

Nearly 100 million tons of reserves have been explored in the Well 471 area of the Hongche Fault zone. The Carboniferous volcanic rock reservoir is the main oil-bearing reservoir in the well CH471 area and is the main target of exploration and development. The characteristics of the Carboniferous volcanic rock reservoir are studied through core, thin section, physical property, logging, and other data, and its main controlling factors are analyzed in combination with actual means of production. The lithologies of the volcanic reservoir in the study area are mainly volcanic breccia, andesite, and basalt. The matrix physical properties of volcanic rock reservoirs are medium-porosity and ultralow-permeability, among which volcanic breccia has the best physical properties. The reservoir space mainly comprises primary pores, secondary dissolution pores, and fractures, resulting in a dual medium pore-fracture-type reservoir. Combined with production data analysis, the lateral distribution of oil and gas is controlled by lithology and lithofacies, with explosive volcanic breccia being the best, followed by the basalt and andesite of overflow facies, which are vertically affected by weathering and leaching and distributed within 50~300 m from the top of the Carboniferous system. The area with densely developed fractures was conducive to developing high-quality reservoirs. The tectonic movement promoted the formation of weathering and controlled the development of faults. Based on a comprehensive analysis, it is believed that the formation of Carboniferous volcanic oil and gas reservoirs in the study area was controlled and influenced by the lithology, lithofacies, weathering, leaching, faults (fractures), and tectonics.
Metallogenic Mechanism of Carlin-Type Gold Deposit in Zhen’an-Xunyang Basin, in the South Qinling of China: Constraints of In Situ Trace Elements and S Isotopes from Newly Discovered Wangzhuang Gold Deposit
Authors: Meng Wuyi , Liu Jiajun , Wu Huanhuan , Zhang Zhen , Tang Weidong , Gao Yongbao , Wei Liyong , Jia Bin , Zheng Xin , Liu Ningbo
Published: November 2023

The Zhen’an-Xunyang Basin is a late Paleozoic rifted basin with a series of Au-Hg-Sb deposits that have been found, mostly along the Nanyangshan fault. Recently discovered large- and medium-sized gold deposits such as the Xiaohe and Wangzhuang deposits exhibit typical characteristics of Carlin-type gold deposits. Therefore, it is imperative to select a typical deposit for an in-depth study of its metallogenic mechanism to support future prospecting efforts targeting the Carlin-type gold deposits within the area. Based on detailed field investigation and microphotographic observation, four ore-forming stages are identified: I, low-sulfide quartz stage, characterized by euhedral, subhedral pyrite, and fine veins of quartz injected parallel to the strata; II, arsenopyrite–arsenian pyrite–quartz stage, the main mineralization stage characterized by strongly silicified zones of reticulated quartz, disseminated arsenopyrite, fine-grained pyrite; III, low-sulfide quartz stage, characterized by large quartz veins cutting through the ore body or fine veins of quartz; Ⅳ, carbonate–quartz stage, characterized by the appearance of a large number of calcite veins. In situ analysis of trace elements and S isotopes of typical metal sulfides was carried out. The results show significant variations in the trace element compositions of metal sulfides in different stages, among which the main mineralization stage differs notably from those of the Au- and As-low surrounding strata. In situ S isotope analysis reveals δ34S values ranging from 15.78‰ to 28.71‰ for stage I metal sulfides, 5.52‰ to 11.22‰ for stage II, and 0.3‰ to 5.25‰ for stage III, respectively, revealing a gradual decrease in S isotopic values from the pre-mineralization stage to post-mineralization stage, similar to those observed in the Xiaohe gold deposit. These features indicate a distinct injection of relatively low 34S hydrothermal fluids during the mineralization process. The element anomalies of the 1:50,000 stream sediment in the region revealed ore-forming element zonation changing in W→Au (W)→Hg, Sb (Au) anomalies from west to east, manifested by the discovery of tungsten, gold, and mercury–antimony deposits in the area. Moreover, conspicuous Cr-Ni-Ti-Co-Mo anomalies were observed on the western side of the Wangzhuang and Xiaohe gold deposits, indicating a potential concealed pluton related to these deposits. These lines of evidence point to a magmatic–hydrothermal origin for the Carlin-type gold deposits in this area. Furthermore, hydrothermal tungsten deposits, Carlin-type gold deposits, and low-temperature hydrothermal mercury–antimony deposits in this region are probably controlled by the same magma–hydrothermal system.
MgO Nanoparticles Obtained from an Innovative and Sustainable Route and Their Applications in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Daniele Valeria , Volpe Anna Rita , Cesare Patrizia , Taglieri Giuliana
Published: November 2023

This paper aimed to evaluate the biological damages towards diseased cells caused by the use of MgO nanoparticles (NPs). The NPs are produced by a calcination process of a precursor, which is an aqueous suspension of nanostructured Mg(OH)2, in turn synthesized following our original, time-energy saving and scalable method able to guarantee short times, high yield of production (up to almost 10 kg/week of NPs), low environmental impact and low energy demand. The MgO NPs, in the form of dry powders, are organized as a network of intercrystallite channels, in turn constituted by monodispersed and roughly spherical NPs < 10 nm, preserving the original pseudo hexagonal-platelet morphology of the precursor. The produced MgO powders are diluted in a PBS solution to obtain different MgO suspension concentrations that are subsequently put in contact, for 3 days, with melanoma and healthy cells. The viable count, made at 24, 48 and 72 h from the beginning of the test, reveals a good cytotoxic activity of the NPs, already at low MgO concentrations. This is particularly marked after 72 h, showing a clear reduction in cellular proliferation in a MgO-concentration-dependent manner. Finally, the results obtained on human skin fibroblasts revealed that the use MgO NPs did not alter at all both the vitality and proliferation of healthy cells.
Norwegian Community Pharmacists’ Experiences with COVID-19 Vaccination—A Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Aarnes Ragnhild Vold , Nilsen Marianne Kollerøs
Published: November 2023

Background: Immunising the population became important during the COVID-19 pandemic. Community pharmacies in Norway collaborated with municipalities to offer a vaccination services to increase the vaccination rate. Only some pharmacies were allowed to offer this service in the pandemic’s early phase. This study learns about pharmacists’ experiences during this first period of COVID-19 vaccination services in community pharmacies, which is relevant for informing policy and organisational decision makers about the feasibility and acceptability of pharmacy vaccination. Methods: Individual interviews were conducted with 13 pharmacists in community pharmacies offering a COVID-19 vaccination service. Informants were recruited from the eleven pharmacies that first offered COVID-19 vaccinations. The key themes in the interview were COVID-19 vaccination, what the pharmacists think about the vaccination service, and how it is performed. The data were analysed using systematic text condensation. Results: Three main themes and eight subthemes were identified. The main themes were creative solutions, organising and making resources available, and professionally satisfying and an important mission. The interviewed pharmacists experienced the COVID-19 vaccination service as hectic but something important that they would prioritise. They experienced their efforts to be substantial in the pandemic’s early phase. Conclusions: Pharmacists in community pharmacies were a resource for increasing the vaccination rate during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pharmacies’ easy accessibility and the pharmacists’ ability to adjust their daily workflow for a new service should be considered when an expanded healthcare service is needed.
Monitoring Changes in the Volatile Profile of Ecuadorian Cocoa during Different Steps in Traditional On-Farm Processing
Authors: Erazo Solorzano Cyntia Yadira , Tuárez García Diego Armando , Edison Zambrano Carlos , Moreno-Rojas José Manuel , Rodríguez Solana Raquel
Published: November 2023

The present work was conducted to evaluate the volatile profile of Ecuadorian Forastero, CCN-51, ETT103 and LR14 cocoa beans during traditional fermentation in laurel wood boxes followed by a sun-drying process. Fifty-six volatiles were identified with HS-SPME-GC–MS. Aldehydes, alcohols and ketones were the compounds that mainly characterized the fresh cocoa. The main compounds formed during the anaerobic fermentation step were esters and acids, while in the aerobic fermentation step, an increase in ester-, aldehyde- and acid-type compounds was observed. Finally, after the drying step, a notable increase in the acid (i.e., acetic acid) content was the predominant trend. According to the genotypes, ETT103 presented high contents of terpenes, alcohols, aldehydes and ketones and low contents of unfavorable acid compounds. The CCN-51 and LR14 (Trinitarian) varieties stood out for their highest amounts in acids (i.e., acetic acid) at the end of primary processing. Finally, the Forastero cocoa beans were highlighted for their low acid and high trimethylpyrazine contents. According to the chemometric and Venn diagram analyses, ETT-103 was an interestingly high-aromatic-quality variety for cocoa gourmet preparations. The results also showed the need for good control of the processing steps (using prefermentative treatments, starter cultures, etc.) on Ecuadorian genotypes of Trinitarian origin.
On the Virtues and Vices of the Singular Will: Seeking “One Thing” with Kierkegaard
Authors: Simmons J. Aaron
Published: November 2023

In this essay, I follow the example of recent Kierkegaard scholarship in the attempt to consider Kierkegaard’s work from a personal point of view. Accordingly, I begin with a biographical account of my first encounter with Kierkegaard’s notion that “purity of heart is to will one thing”. I explain that were it not for the intervention of one of my early professors, David Kangas, the idea might have prevented me from getting married. I then offer a reading of “An Occasional Discourse”, where that idea is worked out, and suggest that Kierkegaard faces a serious challenge of what I call “empty formalism”. The worry is that his account offers general suggestions without any practical direction on how to live. By showing how the notion of singularly willing the eternal can be productively understood as a kind of virtue, I contend that Kierkegaard both avoids empty formalism and also manages to resist an overly determinate model of ethical life that eliminates the ambiguity of morality and the riskiness of faith.
Updated Aspects of Safety Regulations for Biomedical Applications of Aerogel Compounds—Compendia-Like Evaluation
Authors: Neagu Monica , Grisi Fabia , Pulvirenti Alfio , Simón-Vázquez Rosana , García-González Carlos A. , Boccia Antonella Caterina
Published: November 2023

Aerogels have recently started to be considered as “advanced materials”; therefore, as a general consideration, aerogels’ toxicity testing should focus on their functionality which resides in their nanoscale open internal porosity. To assess the hazards of organic aerogels, testing at three levels may characterize their biophysical, in vitro and in vivo toxicity, defining distinct categories of aerogels. At the first level of testing, their abiotic characteristics are investigated, and the best aerogel(s) is forwarded to be tested at level 2, wherein in vitro methodologies may mainly evaluate the aerogels’ cellular behavior. Within level 2 of testing, the main characteristics of toxicity are investigated and the selected aerogels are introduced to in vivo animal models at level 3. In the animal model testing, target organs are investigated along with systemic parameters of toxicity. Some study cases are presented for organic or anorganic aerogels. Within this tiered workflow, aerogels-based materials can be tested in terms of human health hazard.
Nutritional and Possible Pharmaceutical Aspects of Tree Exudates Eaten by Lemurs of Madagascar’s Dry Forests
Authors: Ganzhorn Jörg U. , Ratovonamana Yedidya R. , Rother Melina , Giertz Peggy , Andrews Curswan A. , Baumann Sabine , Bohr Yvonne E.-M. B. , Kappeler Peter M. , Montero B. Karina , Pommerening-Röser Andreas , Radespiel Ute , Rakotondranary S. Jacques , Schülke Oliver , Steffens Kim J. E. , Thorén Sandra , Timmermann Gabriele , Tomaschewski Irene
Published: November 2023

Gums produced by trees after injuries are valuable food resources for several primate species. Yet, information on the chemical characteristics of gum is scant and inconsistent. We use gums consumed by lemurs (strepsirrhine primates of Madagascar) as an example to illustrate their possible nutritive and pharmaceutical properties. Exudates from 45 tree species of the dry forests of Madagascar contained 0.38–23.29% protein, 0.46–65.62% sugar, and 0.39–11.86 kJ/g of energy in dry matter. Exemplified by the lemur species Microcebus griseorufus, gum consumption increased with increasing sugar and energy content but was unrelated to protein. But lemurs also fed on gum with very low protein and energy content, suggesting that these exudates were consumed for other reasons. Disk diffusion tests with exudates from five out of 22 tree species consumed by lemurs showed antibacterial activity against Micrococcus spp. and/or Staphylococcus aureus. Exudates with antibacterial activity had lower protein, sugar, and energy contents than samples without antibacterial properties. GC-MS analyses revealed several components with antimicrobial effects that would have the potential for self-medication. This might explain the consumption of gum with very low nutritive value. Possible medicinal effects of tree exudates deserve further attention in view of their pharmaceutical applicability for animals and humans alike.
Contributions of a “Brazilianized” Radical Behaviorist Theory of Subjectivity to the Feminist Debate on Women
Authors: Laurenti Carolina
Published: November 2023

An essentialist view of gender and an individualistic concept of subjectivity have distanced psychological theories from emancipatory feminist projects. In Brazil, similar to some other psychological orientations, the behavior-analytic field has sought an interface with feminism. The anti-essentialist vein of radical behaviorism underpins the early movement toward feminism. This essay aims to expand the area of contact with feminism through a theoretical proposal for understanding women’s subjectivity inspired by Brazilian behavior-analytic literature. From a contextualized, multidimensional, pluralized, and politicized view of subjectivity, women’s subjectivation is forged in a tripartite complex of body, person, and “self”, whose relative unity is susceptible to changes and conflicts. In a patriarchal, racist, and cis-heteronormative society, such as the Brazilian one, subjectivation is also an oppressive process. Nevertheless, the essay demonstrates that women’s subjectivation can be a process of emancipatory liberation. This possibility is glimpsed within a virtuous dialectical circuit between disruptive verbal communities (uncommitted to institutional, hierarchical, and oppressive social control) and subversive subjectivities. Thus, behavior-analytic psychology has theoretical tools to situate the process of women’s subjectivation not as a locus of depoliticization but as a crucial ally in constructing a more equitable and just society, as envisioned by feminism.
Cordylobia anthropophaga Myiasis Mimicking Hyperproliferative Skin Disorder in Traveler Returning from Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Popović Dragonjić Lidija , Jović Andrija , Janković Irena , Miladinović Jelena , Ranković Aleksandar , Cvetanović Maja , Beck Relja , Novosel Dinko , Pape Thomas , Banović Pavle
Published: November 2023

Myiasis is one of the most common skin diseases found in travelers returning from tropical and subtropical regions, where humans living in or visiting the African continent are most commonly infested by C. anthropophaga during the rainy season in regions with a warm climate. Here, we present a case of furuncular myiasis caused by C. anthropophaga in a Serbian patient returning from temporary work in Kenya, where the initial histology of skin lesion mimicked hyperproliferative skin disorder.
ALGUMAS CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE OS DESFILIADOS NO BRASIL
Authors: Rodrigues Walace , Borges Thelma Pontes , Pacífico Filho Miguel
Published: November 2023

Por meio deste artigo, objetivamos pensar sobre as populações em situação de rua, suas visíveis vulnerabilidades e como essas têm relação com a desfiliação provocada por alterações no mundo do trabalho. Como essa população é, possivelmente, a mais carente de todos os serviços sociais públicos e está exposta aos nossos olhos de passantes pelas cidades, compreendemos que muito mais atenção tem que ser dada a esses cidadãos. Nossa pesquisa para este trabalho foi uma pensata teórico-crítica, considerando que os elementos que interferem na fratura da coesão social promovem massas de desfiliados inflando os assustadores números de pessoas habitando as ruas. Percebemos que as alterações econômicas no mundo e a globalização, somadas às condições estruturais do país promovem brutalidades geradoras de grande exclusão social. Muitas são as situações que levaram as pessoas à situação de rua, mas compreendemos que as políticas públicas e seus agentes sejam mais efetivos nas ações, e considerem a necessidade de alterações estruturais para que esse quadro possa ser revertido.
LEVANDO A SÉRIO A EDUCAÇÃO JURÍDICA EM DIREITOS HUMANOS
Authors: Pinto Coelho Saulo De Oliveira , Morais Cardoso Maria Vitoria Carvalho
Published: November 2023

Esta pesquisa parte da premissa já demonstrada por Coelho e Colhado (2015) de que a defesa de uma cultura democrática passa pela educação em direitos humanos, ao mesmo passo que a democracia carece do compromisso com os direitos humanos e fundamentais. Assim, como contexto-problema, considera-se que, enquanto a teoria dos direitos direitos humanos vem sendo exitosa em seus desenvolvimentos, a prática da educação em direitos humanos desvela-se como um cenário desafiador, já que a educação em geral passa por uma tendência a uma abordagem tecnicista e hiperespecializada que acaba por criar barreiras a uma real permeabilidade na mentalidade de direitos humanos nas disciplinas dogmáticas do Direito. Num recorte epistemológico mais detalhado, busca-se refletir sobre como o ensino jurídico está posicionado neste debate e conclui-se que nele, em que pese um forte discurso de direitos humanos, continua a haver uma tendência a um tecnicismo apartado deles. Isto implica em uma provável inefetividade da Resolução n. 05/2018 do Conselho Nacional de Educação/Câmara de Educação Superior, que determina que os cursos de Direito devem contar com formas de abordagem e tratamento transversal dos direitos humanos. Em relação ao método, ressalta-se que se trata de um estudo monográfico com abordagem interdisciplinar e com metodologia de procedimento centrada em revisão de literatura para definição indicativa do estado da arte. Isto posto, como principal resultado tem-se uma reflexão sobre como é possível implementar a educação em direitos humanos no ensino jurídico diante das dificuldades decorrentes da instrumentalização do conhecimento.
(BIO) ÉTICA DA PRECAUÇÃO NA SOCIEDADE DE RISCO
Authors: Teixeira de Castro Oliveira Gustavo Paschoal , Leuzinger Márcia Dieguez
Published: November 2023

Este artigo trata de questões referentes à segurança conferida pelos princípios bioéticos ao princípio ambiental da precaução, com o intuito de fortalecimento do Estado de Direito Ambiental ante as incertezas científicas advindas da sociedade de risco. Importantes fontes de direito vieram a corroborar, como a Declaração Universal sobre Bioética e Direitos Humanos; Constituição Federal; Legislação Infraconstitucional; Julgados; e Doutrina, indicando caminho a ser percorrido para assegurar não somente às presentes, mas também às futuras gerações, a plena implantação do princípio da equidade intergeracional. É de suma importância o estreitamento de laços com a bioética, mais especificamente com o que preceituam os princípios da beneficência e não maleficência, com vistas à implantação do que se entende por meio ambiente equilibrado.
RELIABILITY AND DURABILITY OF TUBULAR ELEMENTS OF STEEL STRUCTURES UNDER UNUNIFORM CORROSION DAMAGE
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, SEBESHEV V.G. , LUKIN E.K. ,   Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Published: November 2023

Modern approaches and requirements for the design and expert assessment of the buildings and structures state require the quantitative determination of their reliability indicators. This determines the relevance of the development of methods for calculating the reliability of building systems, taking into account their properties and operating conditions. Corrosion damage to elements of metal structures can lead to loss of their functionality over time. The purpose of the research presented in the article is to identify and quantitatively describe changes over time in the reliability characteristics, according to the strength criterion, of an initially centrally tensile steel rod structural element of an annular section, taking into account uneven corrosive wear, which causes the occurrence of complex resistance of the rod, namely tension with bending. A calculation apparatus and an algorithm for determining the reliability and durability of an element were constructed using methods of reliability theory and the proposed spatio-time corrosion model. Calculations of these characteristics were carried out by varying the stochastic properties of the parameters of the rod’s cross section geometry, its stress state and the corrosion model at various degrees of corrosion factor aggressiveness. The loading of the rod was modeled by a stationary random function. The results of calculations of reliability, failure probability, corrosion coefficient and time density of failure probability are presented in graphs of the dependences of these values on time. The influence of the main design characteristics of the rod and the corrosion damage model on the reliability and durability of the structural element was assessed. The effect of a significant increase in the probability of failure and a decrease in durability with corrosion wear, uneven along the contour of the section, was revealed, in comparison with the case of a constant thickness of the corrosion layer, with comparable values of corrosion coefficients. The methodology and calculation results presented in the article can be used to obtain solutions to similar problems in other formulations (by cross-sectional shape, corrosion model, under non-stationary loading conditions, etc.), as well as to perform engineering reliability calculations when designing metal structures.
Educação Ambiental e nutricional através da horta escolar no ensino público de São Bernardo do Campo (SP)
Authors: Breve Michel Anderson , Targino Dutra Camila Kayssa , Sant'ana Romário Oliveira de , Dantas Amanda Almeida Gomes , Moreira Sueli Aparecida
Published: November 2023

A horta escolar constitui espaço de ensino de educação nutricional e ambiental, aproximando a sala de aula aos processos da natureza. Então, programou-se uma horta orgânica (agroecológica) com o objetivo de contextualizar o ensino interdisciplinar durante a percepção sobre a origem dos alimentos. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de observação participante em escola pública do município de São Bernardo do Campo, com alunos do 6º ano do ensino fundamental. A horta desempenhou um papel de suporte no processo de aprendizagem nas disciplinas de Geografia, História, Matemática e Ciências. O principal desafio encontrado foi implementar o projeto da horta ao currículo e incorporá-lo à rotina escolar.
As áreas de mineração abandonadas: impactos socioambientais e os desafios do uso futuro das pedreiras no município de São Vicente/SP
Authors: Bérgamo Técia Regiane , de Oliveira Regina Célia , Charles Ralph , Santos Maria Dolores
Published: November 2023

Os recursos minerais são importantes para o desenvolvimento econômico, mas estão entre as atividades que apresentam impactos significativos com alterações irreversíveis no meio ambiente, além dos conflitos sociais relacionados à comunidade circunvizinha. A comunidade do entorno destas áreas mineradas fica mais suscetível ao impacto, quando não ocorre a gestão pós-mineração com a falta de encerramento adequado da atividade, deixando as áreas abandonadas. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo compreender os impactos socioambientais, os quais a comunidade circunvizinha está exposta, bem como refletir sobre o papel das políticas públicas em relação aos passivos ambientais deixados por estas minas órfãs e as possíveis medidas para o uso futuro da área. O resultado demonstrou que o abandono da área, atrelado aos condicionantes físicos ambientais e a subutilização ilegal da área, contribuiu para os processos impactantes como a deterioração do meio ambiente e a insegurança para a comunidade circunvizinha.
A paisagem no ensino da geografia e a leitura totalizante
Authors: Juliasz Paula , Bassami Jorge
Published: November 2023

O objetivo deste capítulo é analisar a paisagem no ensino de Geografia, a partir de fundamentos que sejam coerentes à concepção pedagógica que compreende que a prática social é a partida para a problematização. Para alcançarmos este objetivo, destacamos três aspectos sobre a paisagem enquanto um conceito na formação do conhecimento geográfico na escola: a leitura totalizante, o movimento (transformação) e as formas de representação. Compreendemos a Pedagogia Histórico-crítica nessa análise, pois a prática social (comum a professores e estudantes) é o ponto de partida, mas também é o de chegada. Partimos das questões: Qual concepção de paisagem tratamos na formação de crianças e jovens? O que leva à catarse e o que esta pode proporcionar à formação de um conhecimento geográfico? Retornar à prática social com a apropriação de instrumentos culturais nos remete à uma dimensão da paisagem que evolve não apenas a Geografia e seu ensino na escola, mas sim à uma prática social interdisciplinar: a dimensão política. A percepção, apreensão e cognição da paisagem é um processo de subjetivação que tem início e fim no próprio sujeito com intermediação (atravessamento) do objeto (a paisagem).
La mutinerie de Villefranche-de-Rouergue (17 septembre 1943) : quelques éléments nouveaux sur un événement controversé.
Authors: Bougarel Xavier
Published: November 2023

This article looks back at the mutiny that broke out on September 17, 1943 in Villefranche-de-Rouergue in the pioneer battalion of the 13th SS “Handschar” division, composed mainly of Muslims from Bosnia-Herzegovina. It shows how a memorial consensus was developed in the post-war period, presenting the mutineers as Yugoslav anti-fascists, before the violent disappearance of Yugoslavia shattered this image. From the 1990s onwards, the Villefranche mutiny was presented as the action of Croatian patriots, a version accepted by French authorities in the mid-2000s. This recomposition of memory was coupled with speculation about the motivations of the mutineers and their links with the French Resistance. In this context, this article looks in particular at the case of Božidar Vitković, a Serbian doctor based in Toulouse and accused by some historians of having betrayed the mutineers. In order to understand better his personality and role, new sources are used, namely the Vitković family archives, the military archives of Vincennes and the local press of the immediate post-war period, without being able to resolve all the questions surrounding the Villefranche mutiny.