bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalência de cárie em escolares de 5 e 12 anos no município de Palmas-TO
Authors: Veras Veruska Azevedo , Ferreira Eskálath Morganna Silva , Amaral Leila Ruth Oliveira Gurgel do , Silva Juliana Fonseca Moreira da
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: o objetivo desse estudo foi fazer uma análise da prevalência de cárie em crianças e adolescentes da região Norte e Palmas, capital do Tocantins. Metodologia: o método utilizado foi revisão integrativa da literatura, consistindo na busca de artigos científicos e dados oficiais de pesquisas nas bases de dados International library of medicine national institutes of health (PubMed), biblioteca virtual em saúde (BVS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) e Google acadêmico. Os dados são provenientes dos índices de cárie dentária (ceo-d - dentes decíduos cariados, perdidos por cárie e obturados e CPO-D – dentes permanentes cariados, perdidos por cárie e obturados) obtidos nos levantamentos epidemiológicos realizados no Brasil nos anos de 1986, 1996, 2003 e 2010. Resultados: embora os inquéritos epidemiológicos tenham registrado ao longo dos anos uma redução na prevalência da cárie dentária em países desenvolvidos e o Brasil segue essa tendência mundial, a cárie ainda é considerada um problema de saúde pública. O estudo demonstrou que o índice de cárie dentária em Palmas é maior em crianças do que em adolescentes. O percentual de dentes restaurados, componente “o” do índice ceo-d, é menor nas crianças de cinco anos de idade da capital. O estudo evidenciou que a cárie afeta desproporcionalmente a população menos favorecida, permanecendo ao longo dos anos diferenças significativas na prevalência de cárie entre as regiões do país. Poucos dados foram encontrados na literatura referentes ao Estado do Tocantins e Palmas. Conclusão: conclui-se que ações de promoção e prevenção em saúde bucal no município de Palmas deverão ser implementadas em idades iniciais de forma efetiva com o objetivo de reduzir a prevalência de cárie na infância.
Ensino de Ciências a partir da Problematização: percepções de educandos acerca do ciclo de vida da Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Goulart Aline da Silva , Kieling Ketelin Monique Cavalheiro , Viçosa Cátia Silene Carrazoni Lopes , Salgueiro Andréia Caroline Fernandes , Folmer Vanderlei
Published: January 2022

O presente estudo utilizou a Metodologia da Problematização com o Arco de Maguerez (MP/AM) para verificar a percepção de estudantes sobre o ciclo de vida dos insetos. Para isso, foi utilizada como modelo a Drosophila melanogaster, popularmente conhecida como mosca da fruta. Além de sua utilização como modelo experimental, esse inseto vem sendo empregado como modelo didático de apoio no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Esta atividade foi desenvolvida com estudantes do oitavo ano de uma escola pública de ensino fundamental da cidade de Uruguaiana/RS. Os dados foram coletados por meio de anotações feitas pelos participantes durante as atividades e após foram analisados e categorizados. A atividade foi desenvolvida ao longo de três semanas, divididas em 2 horas/aula por semana, na componente curricular de Ciências. Os resultados indicaram que a MP/AM, em conjunto com o modelo didático proposto, serviu como facilitadora para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Ainda, a utilização da MP/AM, aliada ao modelo D. melanogaster, tornou o ensino do ciclo de vida dos insetos mais interessante e dinâmico, visto que possibilitou aos educandos desenvolverem habilidades como criticidade e autonomia. Dessa forma, inferimos que estratégias diversificadas para o Ensino de Ciências podem servir como propulsoras para a melhoria da aprendizagem e consequentemente para a formação de sujeitos mais aptos a problematizar e analisar de forma crítica o mundo ao seu redor.
Uso de tecnologias na capacitação de agentes comunitários de saúde: enfrentamento da COVID-19
Authors: Cortez Daniel Nogueira , Cabral Elen Soraia de Menezes , Gonçalves Raruza Keara Teixeira , Oliveira-Cortez Andreza , Santos Fabricio Rodrigues dos , Carvalho Dárlinton Barbosa Feres , Guimarães Eliete Albano de Azevedo , Oliveira Valéria Conceição de
Published: January 2022

A pandemia da COVID-19 exigiu da Atenção Primária à Saúde uma readequação no cuidado no que tange a abordagem do Agente Comunitário à Saúde quanto às visitas domiciliares e demais atividades. Este artigo teve o objetivo de relatar a experiência da criação e desenvolvimento de vídeos educativos, numa parceria entre a Universidade e a Atenção Primária à Saúde, adotados como instrumentos facilitadores para o trabalho dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde, no enfrentamento à pandemia da COVID-19. A metodologia aplicada refere-se a um relato de experiência de inovação tecnológica da elaboração de vídeos educativos por professores universitários e discentes, destinados ao Agentes Comunitários de Saúde em sua nova rotina de trabalho. Consideraram-se as medidas, para contenção da epidemia, oriundas de órgãos governamentais e sanitários, abrangendo demandas institucionais, profissionais e comunitárias. Os vídeos foram disponibilizados para a coordenação da APS de cada município acompanhado de um documento informativo sobre os conteúdos abordados em cada vídeo.Para a divulgação, levou-se em conta a importância de dar visibilidade às informações de interesse público definidas por diretrizes do sistema de saúde durante o período de isolamento social. O trabalho possibilitou a realização de parcerias com secretarias municipais de saúde, as quais instrumentalizaram seus Agentes Comunitários de Saúde com os produtos deste trabalho. Os canais institucionais de comunicação da Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, bem como as plataformas de mídias sociais dos envolvidos e apoiadores, também se tornaram espaço para divulgação.
Relação Umidade: Proteína em peitos de frango de corte acometidos com defeitos musculares
Authors: Simonetti Tainá , Lantmann Thiago Langer , Kindlein Liris , Berton Cristian Pertile , Tartari Paula Nunes
Published: January 2022

A evolução genética das linhagens de frango de corte desencadeou ganhos nos índices de desempenho e alterações corpóreas. Isto posto, evidencia-se um desafio às indústrias avícolas o cumprimento dos padrões legais dos teores da Relação Umidade:Proteína (RUP) para deter fraudes por inserção de água na carne. Neste sentido, sabe-se que os defeitos musculares de peito amadeirado e estrias brancas influenciam na composição centesimal da carne, identificando-se cortes com maior umidade e menor funcionalidade proteica. Outro fator importante na variação da RUP é o peso das aves, pois quanto menor for a carcaça, maior será sua absorção de água no processo de abate. Por isso, o objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a RUP e sua associação com a ocorrência e severidade dos defeitos musculares e a influência do peso dos peitos de frangos de corte nestas variáveis. Coletou-se 240 amostras de peitos de frangos de corte com 42 dias que foram pesadas, classificadas pela severidade dos defeitos musculares e avaliadas para sua composição centesimal de umidade e proteína através de espectroscopia de reflectância do infravermelho proximal (NIRS). Nos resultados verificou-se que a média da RUP apresentou diferença significativa (p<0,05) na presença de peito amadeirado. Entretanto, os peitos acometidos por estrias brancas não apresentaram diferença na RUP. Em ambos os defeitos, a RUP foi influenciada pelo peso do peito. Portanto, deve-se considerar as mudanças de deposição dos tecidos corporais das linhagens modernas para garantir que os padrões legais sejam eficazes no controle de fraudes e não estejam obsoletos.
Valores humanísticos importantes na formação do profissional médico: o que pensam os estudantes e professores
Authors: Vieira Adah Sophia Rodrigues , Sá Victor Brasil , Silva Silvia Fernandes Ribeiro da , Vieira Rejane Maria Rodrigues de Abreu , Silva Sônia Leite da
Published: January 2022

O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer os valores humanísticos considerados pelos estudantes e professores de medicina como importantes na formação do discente. Estudo descritivo transversal. A população incluiu 203 alunos e 69 docentes do curso de medicina de uma universidade de Fortaleza. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de um questionário no Google Forms® ️. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética local. A média de idade entre os alunos foi 21,9 ± 4,4 anos, e entre os docentes foi 49,21 ± 1,3 anos. A maioria dos avaliados era do sexo feminino. Entre os alunos, um total de 924 valores humanísticos foram contabilizados. Os quinze valores com maior frequência de citação foram agrupados em uma nuvem de palavras. Cerca de 20,1% do total foi representado pelo conceito “empatia”, seguido de “respeito” com 14,2% e “humildade” com 7,9%. Na avaliação dos docentes, a “empatia” (16%) foi o valor mais citado, seguido por “ética” (11,7%) e “respeito” (9%). Valores como “compaixão”, “honestidade”, "resiliência'' e “dedicação” foram citados de modo equilibrado por ambos os grupos. Empatia foi o valor humano mais citado, tanto pelos discentes como docentes, seguido por respeito, ética e humildade. Valores como compaixão, honestidade, resiliência foram também importantes. Esses valores devem ser incentivados durante todo o curso médico.
Rolnicze społeczności igołomskiego powiśla w V i IV tysiącleciu p.n.e. / Agricultural communities of Igołomia region on the Vistula River in the 5th and 4th millennium BC
Authors: Nowak Marek , Tunia Krzysztof
Published: January 2022

The area of Igołomia region on the Vistula River after the disappearance of the Linear Pottery culture (LBK) around 4900/4800 BC was inhabited until c. 3700 BC by agricultural communities which continued the previous Early Neolithic mode of life. Changes at the beginning of the 5th millennium BC are especially visible in the inventories of pottery. Due to the characteristic features of these inventories a number of units were identified, which are collectively referred to as the Lengyel-Polgar Cycle (L-PC). In the area of Igołomia region on the Vistula River the following L-PC units functioned – the Malice culture (c. 4800/4700-4500 BC), the Pleszów-Modlnica group (c. 4600/4500-4300/4200 BC) and the Wyciąże-Złotniki group (c. 4100-3700 BC). The vanishing of these communities around 3700 BC was caused primarily by the spread of the Funnel Beaker culture. This cultural complex emerged as a result of the adaptation of communities with a hunter-gatherer economy to an agricultural economy. In the region east of Kraków the cemeteries of the elite population of this culture from the 4th millennium BC discovered in Karwin, Proszowice district, and Rudno Górne, Kraków district, deserve our attention. Megaxylons were discovered at these sites – huge tombs several dozen metres long, surrounded by a palisade of beams or – in one case – a stone wall.
Schyłek epoki kamienia i początki epoki brązu w okolicach Igołomi i Wawrzeńczyc / The end of the Stone Age and the beginning of the Bronze Age in the vicinity of Igołomia and Wawrzeńczyce
Authors: Włodarczak Piotr
Published: January 2022

The borderland of the Vistula Plain and the Proszowice Plateau is part of the loess zone extending mainly to the north of the Vistula River, known for numerous discoveries of archaeological sites from the Eneolithic period and the early Bronze Age. The state of reconnaissance of settlement is far from satisfactory here. From the final Eneolithic period primarily cemeteries of the Corded Ware culture (around 2800–2300 BC) are known. Falling within this age range is probably the only burial mound in the area, in Igołomia, which yielded a niche grave of the Corded Ware culture within the eastern part of its cover. Another cemetery was investigated in Rudno Górne, where niche graves of the culture in question were found dug into the embankments of Funnel Beaker culture megalithic graves from the middle Eneolithic period. From the early Bronze Age, the richest and most cognitively significant sites of the Mierzanowice culture (around 2200–1600 BC) are concentrated on loess hills rising above the valleys of Ropotek and Rudnik. They are both cemeteries and large settlements. Particularly valuable results were obtained during research on the cemetery in Szarbia, where as many as 44 graves were found. These findings enable the reconstruction of funeral rite rules from the early Bronze Age.
Krew germańska – krew polska. Badania antropologiczne i medyczne mieszkańców Wawrzeńczyc podczas II wojny światowej / Germanic blood – Polish blood. Anthropological and medical research of the inhabitants of Wawrzeńczyce during the Second World War
Authors: Maj Małgorzata
Published: January 2022

The text is devoted to anthropological and medical research conducted in 1943 in Wawrzeńczyce, today in Kraków district, by scientists employed at the Institut für Deutsche Ostarbeit (Institute for German Works in the East), a Nazi institution created by Governor Hans Frank in occupied Kraków. One of the sections of this Institute was to review human races within the General Government. Thus, in many localities of southern Poland, people representing various ethnic groups were subjected to anthropological measurements and medical surgeries. Among others, 378 adults were examined in Wawrzeńczyce. This place was selected as an example of a native Polish village. This event was not permanently remembered in the collective memory of the residents, but thanks to the extensive collection of materials from German research discovered after several decades in the National Anthropological Archives in Washington, the basic facts about this event could be reconstructed and the value of the documentation collected at that time could be recovered. Dodaj komentarz
Zagłada Żydów z Wawrzeńczyc w czasie II wojny światowej w świetle akt gminnych / The extermination of the Jews from Wawrzeńczyce during the Second World War in the light of community records
Authors: Swałtek-Niewińska Dagmara
Published: January 2022

The chapter discusses the fate of Jews who lived in Wawrzeńczyce, east of Kraków during the Nazi occupation. It is based mostly on the documentation of the local administration. The fonds were preserved almost intact, which is uncommon for this kind of records from the occupation period. The text explains what kind of information about the situation of Jews can be found in those records, and what was deliberately omitted or conveyed through the use of euphemisms. The information from these records is supplemented by the testimony of survivors and Polish witnesses, submitted after the war. Before the war, only a few Jewish families lived there. In 1940, over 100 Jews from Kraków were relocated to Wawrzeńczyce. One characteristic of the rural area was that no ghettos were established. Therefore, Jews lived among Polish neighbours until the extermination operation of the fall of 1942. The last part of the article discusses the fate of those few Jews who sought shelter among Polish neighbours and the various reactions of Poles to Jews looking for help. The chapter is supplemented by a register of all Jews residing in Wawrzeńczyce in the autumn of 1941. In some cases, it is the last record of those who were killed in the Holocaust.
Pałacu w Igołomi dzieje najnowsze / The manor house in Igołomia and its later history
Authors: Tunia Krzysztof , Woźny Marzena
Published: January 2022

Architecturally dominating Igołomia village in Kraków district on the Vistula River is a neoclassical manor house with an English-style park surrounding it, erected at the beginning of the 19th century. After several changes of ownership, in 1950 it was taken over by the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences for the purposes of its Archaeological Museum. For several years, the manor house served as a base for excavation research in Igołomia and the surrounding area, including the production center of “grey ware”, wheel-made pottery of the Roman period, and a project known as the Millennium research, aimed at exploring the beginnings of the Polish state and thus celebrating its 1000-year anniversary. In 1954, the manor house came into the possession of the Institute of the History of Material Culture of the Polish Academy of Sciences (now the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the PAS). After renovation in the 1960s, an Archaeological Laboratory was organised there, which became the basis for ongoing research on the prehistoric settlement of the nearby west Lesser Poland loess upland and archaeological excavations in many other, sometimes distant, areas.
EVOLUTION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF INTERNATIONALISM IN SOVIET CONSTITUTIONS
Authors:   University of Milan, Milan, Italy, ALESSANDRO VITALE
Published: January 2022

The Soviet Constitution of July 10, 1918, possessed a unique feature in the panorama of the constitutional charters of the last two centuries: the proclamation of the principle of internationalism. Even if that constitutional charter remained ineffective, especially in the project of political and economic emancipation of the entire society - imitated by the Jacobin charter of 1793, from which it was inspired - the principle of internationalism was not only of great significance (given that the First World War produced a hardening of borders) but also produced considerable practical effects. In fact, it allowed many fugitives who had sought refuge in Soviet Russia to escape and enjoy the political rights enjoyed by Russian citizens. It prohibited any discrimination and granted the right to vote and stand for election to the soviets, even to persons without residence or nationality. However, «class» internationalism was abandoned with Stalinism, with its repressions and closures, and then with the successive Soviet Constitutions, which over the decades erased the revolutionary principles and practices of the origins. Despite the fate of this principle in the subsequent Soviet constitutional evolution (examined here in comparative form), it remains an interesting topic of inquiry and a point of reference for contemporary migration studies.
US CONGRESS AND AMERICAN ASSISTANCE TO THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF KAZAKHSTAN IN THE 1990 S
Authors:   National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, ALEXANDROV STANISLAV
Published: January 2022

In the first years after the collapse of the USSR, the government of the Republic of Kazakhstan sought to implement in its country the mechanisms characteristic of a market type of economy. At the beginning of the formation of the state, own resources for such a transformation were not enough. The government of the republic counted on foreign assistance, including from the nominal world leader of that time - the United States. The main state body of the United States capable of assisting and promoting the economic development of the Republic of Kazakhstan was the US Congress. However, American lawmakers, although aware of the importance of this undertaking, treated this issue peculiarly. Assisting to Kazakhstan, they pursued their interests and did not allocate significant amounts from the federal budget. The purpose of this work is to identify the priorities of congressional representatives in the issue of promoting the economic development of Kazakhstan in the 1990s. Because of the study, it was concluded that for congressional representatives a sufficient level of economic development of the Central Asian republic was a level capable of ensuring its existence as an independent state. Washington also did not miss the opportunity to get the most benefits from the process of Kazakhstan's transition to capitalism.
Більшовицька термінологія ідеологічного впливу на українських освітян у роки репресій (1927-1937 рр.)
Authors: Виговський Микола
Published: January 2022

У статті досліджено ідеологічну термінологію, яку більшовики використовували проти освітян України у роки масових репресій. Основний перелік понять складено за матеріалами періодичної преси та опублікованими архівними документами. Висвітлено найбільш використані терміни у 1927-1933 та 1934-1937 рр., зазначено їх персоніфіковане та політичне походження. Ідеологічні ярлики («український фашизм», «буржуазний націоналізм», «український шовінізм» та інші) не відповідали реальним подіям та явищам в Україні. Їх застосовували для маніпуляції суспільною свідомістю, а також для ідеологічної профілактики в інститутах і загальноосвітній школі. Кожен термін означав вибір жертви політичних репресій: персональної, національної, соціальної або професійної групи. Політичні ярлики «хвильовизм», «шумськизм», «волобуєвщина», «троцькісти» й інші виконували функцію ідеологічної профілактики освітніх установ. Використання спеціальної термінології державними органами та її поширення у пресі створювало образ внутрішнього ворога, підвищувало так звану «політичну пильність» у суспільстві. Партійні організації та підрозділи ДПУ здійснювали «кадрові чистки» в інститутах, університетах і школах, шукали серед педагогів та учених «буржуазних націоналістів», «петлюрівців», «махновців» і різних «шкідників». Поширенням агресивної термінології займалися центральні, обласні, районні й інститутські газети.
Діяльність відомчих індустріальних пожежних команд в УСРР наприкінці 1920-х рр. – першій половині 1930-х рр.
Authors: Харламов Михайло , Цибулько Ольга , Гонтаренко Людмила
Published: January 2022

У статті розглядаються загальні питання діяльності відомчих індустріальних пожежних команд наприкінці 1920-х – у першій половині 1930-х років. Аналізуються малодосліджені та недосліджені питання роботи Вищої ради народного господарства (ВРНГ) та Пожежно-страхової інспекції (ПСІ) у галузі контролю за станом пожежної безпеки на промислових підприємствах, організація та діяльність пожежних команд на підприємствах Української Соціалістичної Радянської Республіки (УСРР), їх структура та фінансування. Також у статті досліджуються питання роботи добровільних промислових вогнеборчих команд, які існували на українських підприємствах у досліджуваний період.

Зроблено висновок, що незважаючи на певні проблеми у пожежній галузі в промисловості у досліджуваний період, відомчі індустріальні пожежні команди, як професійні, так і добровольчі, добре справлялися з вогняною небезпекою, велику роль в управлінні боротьбою з пожежами мала також Пожежно-страхова інспекція Вищої ради народного господарства УСРР.
Антирелігійна політика радянської влади в кінці 20-х – 30-ті роки ХХ сторіччя (на прикладі римо-католиків Дніпропетровська)
Authors: Мосюкова Наталія
Published: January 2022

У статті висвітлено умови, в яких існувала Дніпропетровська римо-католицька парафія св. Йосипа в кінці 20-х – 30-ті роки ХХ ст. У цей період влада впроваджувала політику, характерними рисами якої були посилення антирелігійної пропаганди, масове закриття культових споруд, репресії проти католицьких священників і польського населення.

Ймовірно, римо-католицька спільнота Дніпропетровська проіснувала довше більшості громад Південної України. Точна дата закриття костелу в обласному центрі, на жаль, невідома, але наведені аргументи дозволяють найбільш вірогідною датою вважати кінець 1936 року. Через відсутність документів немає можливості точно описати механізм закриття названого храму, можна лише «намалювати схему» цього процесу, користуючись документами про ліквідацію костелів в інших містах Півдня та Сходу України.

Останній удар по парафії св. Йосипа нанесли репресії 1937 року, в результаті яких вона на певний час припинила своє існування.
Девіантна поведінка православного парафіяльного духовенства Київської єпархії у ХІХ – на початку ХХ ст.
Authors: Тацієнко Віталій
Published: January 2022

У статті розглядається девіантна поведінка православного парафіяльного духовенства Київської єпархії у ХІХ – на початку ХХ ст. Встановлено найпоширеніші порушення кліриками соціальних і канонічних норм та санкції церковної адміністрації. Правопорушення кліриків в основному стосувалися виконання ними службових обов’язків або неналежної моральної поведінки. Відзначається, що переважна більшість справ, які стосувалися священно- і церковнослужителів, підлягала не світському, а окремому церковному суду. Встановлено, що становим судом у другій половині ХІХ ст. засуджувався приблизно 1% від загальної кількості парафіяльного духовенства єпархії.
Діяльність таємних польських шкіл у Київській губернії (остання третина ХІХ – початок ХХ століття)
Authors: Гончарова Ольга , Кривошея Ігор
Published: January 2022

У статті аналізується стан освіти польської шляхти Київської губернії в умовах русифікації та поступової інтеграції Правобережної України до імперських структур в останній третині ХІХ – на початку ХХ ст. Польська освіта у цей період виступала не лише основним фактором опору проти царського уряду, а й сприяла націоналізації свідомості поляків. В умовах відсутності можливостей легально розвивати польські освітні осередки, почали з’являтися таємні школи з метою збереження власної національно-культурної ідентичності.
Репатріації – ні! Політичний протест ДіПі Західної Німеччини у другій половини 1940-х рр.
Authors: Подобєд Олена
Published: January 2022

На основі широкої джерельної бази ставимо за мету визначити і проаналізувати форми та результативність політичного протесту переміщених осіб і біженців з України у Західній Німеччині у другій половині 1940-х рр. як реакцію на примусову репатріацію до СРСР. Під час проведення дослідження використано такі загальнонаукові методи, як аналіз і синтез, індукцію й дедукцію. Серед спеціально-історичних методів слід назвати методи бібліографічної й архівної евристики, порівняльно-історичний, проблемно-хронологічний і біографічний. У цьому дослідженні послуговуємося терміном «політичний протест», який розуміємо наступним чином: політичний протест – індивідуальна чи групова дія переміщених осіб і біженців з України, яка полягала у вияві незгоди з кампанією примусової репатріації до СРСР, що розгорнулася у другій половині 1940-х рр. у Західній Німеччині. Вперше виокремлено та проаналізовано форми і наслідки політичного протесту переміщених осіб і біженців з України у Західній Німеччині у другій половині 1940-х рр.
Українські діти в Ді-Пі таборах Західної Німеччини та Австрії (друга половина 1940-х – початок 1950-х років)
Authors: Рибачок Ірина
Published: January 2022

Діти становили близько чверті повоєнної української еміграції, котрі проживали у спеціально створених таборах для переміщених осіб і біженців на території Західної Німеччини та Австрії у другій половині 1940-х – на початку 1950-х рр. Їх дитинство проходило не лише в умовах перших складних післявоєнних років, але й у чужій країні в статусі дітей-біженців. У статті авторка окреслює особливості становища українських дітей у Ді-Пі таборах, їх повсякденне життя, систему виховання та дозвілля, дитячого сприйняття таборових проблем.
An Assessment of Stress Status in Fattening Steers by Monitoring Heart Rate Variability: A Case of Dietary Vitamin A Restriction
Authors: Kitajima Kaho , Oishi Kazato , Kojima Tomoki , Uenishi Shogo , Yasunaka Yudai , Sakai Koki , Kumagai Hajime , Hirooka Hiroyuki
Published: January 2022

Heart rate variability (HRV), heart beat-to-beat variations, is a measure of cardiac autonomic functions, and HRV monitoring using sensor technology can be a non-invasive way to assess stress of animals. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary vitamin A (VA) restriction to enhance beef quality on the physiological status of fattening steers by HRV analysis. Six Japanese Black steers were equally allocated into VA-restricted (RES) and VA-supplemented (SUP) groups. The RES steers were fed VA-restricted diets from 11 to 20 months of age. The inter-beat intervals and blood VA concentration were measured at 18 and 24 months of age. HRV parameters in time, frequency, and non-linear domains were calculated using the inter-beat intervals. Blood VA concentration was significantly lower in RES steers than in SUP steers at 18 months of age (P < 0.05) but did not differ between the groups at 24 months of age. The HRV analysis indicated greater sympathetic and lower parasympathetic activities in RES steers than in SUP steers (P < 0.05). However, there were significant interactions of the group and age on HRV parameters (P < 0.05), indicating that although RES steers at 18 months of age might suffer from slight stress, the response could recover to a level similar to SUP steers at 24 months of age by the increase in blood VA concentration.
Extracellular Matrix Derived From Dental Pulp Stem Cells Promotes Mineralization
Authors: Nowwarote Nunthawan , Petit Stephane , Ferre Francois Come , Dingli Florent , Laigle Victor , Loew Damarys , Osathanon Thanaphum , Fournier Benjamin P. J.
Published: January 2022

Background:Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a pivotal role in many physiological processes. ECM macromolecules and associated factors differ according to tissues, impact cell differentiation, and tissue homeostasis. Dental pulp ECM may differ from other oral tissues and impact mineralization. Thus, the present study aimed to identify the matrisome of ECM proteins derived from human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and its ability to regulate mineralization even in cells which do not respond to assaults by mineralization, the human gingival fibroblasts (GF).

Methods:ECM were extracted from DPSCs cultured in normal growth medium supplemented with L-ascorbic acid (N-ECM) or in osteogenic induction medium (OM-ECM). ECM decellularization (dECM) was performed using 0.5% triton X-100 in 20 mM ammonium hydroxide after 21 days. Mass spectrometry and proteomic analysis identified and quantified matrisome proteins.

Results:The dECM contained ECM proteins but lacked cellular components and mineralization. Interestingly, collagens (COL6A1, COL6A2, and COL6A3) and elastic fibers (FBN1, FBLN2, FN1, and HSPG2) were significantly represented in N-ECM, while annexins (ANXA1, ANXA4, ANXA5, ANXA6, ANXA7, and ANXA11) were significantly overdetected in OM-ECM. GF were reseeded on N-dECM and OM-dECM and cultured in normal or osteogenic medium. GF were able to attach and proliferate on N-dECM and OM-dECM. Both dECM enhanced mineralization of GF at day 14 compared to tissue culture plate (TCP). In addition, OM-dECM promoted higher mineralization of GF than N-dECM although cultured in growth medium.

Conclusions:ECM derived from DPSCs proved to be osteoinductive, and this knowledge supported cell-derived ECM can be further utilized for tissue engineering of mineralized tissues.
A New Anthropomorphic Mannequin for Efficacy Evaluation of Thoracic Protective Equipment Against Blast Threats
Authors: Boutillier Johanna , Cardona Venetia , Magnan Pascal , Ogier Michael , De Mezzo Sébastien , Montespan Florent , Menini William , Mosnier Joël , Naz Pierre , Prat Nicolas J.
Published: January 2022

Exposure to blast is one of the major causes of death and disability in recent military conflicts. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate the protective capability of the ballistic-proof equipment worn by soldiers against the effects of blast overpressure (i.e., primary blast injuries). A focus will be made on thoracic protective equipment (TPE). An anthropomorphic mannequin, called BOPMAN, and anesthetized swine both wearing soft, hard or no ballistic protection, were subjected to an open-field high-intensity blast. For swine, thoracic wall motion (acceleration and velocity) was recorded during blast exposure and severity of lung injury was evaluated postmortem. Different data were collected from BOPMAN thoracic responses, including reflected and internal pressure, as well as the force at the rear face of the instrumented part. The severity of blast-induced lung injuries (contusion extent, Axelsson Severity Scale) and the thoracic wall motion were decreased in animals protected with thoracic ceramic hard plates as compared to those wearing soft or no protection. There was a clear trend towards greater lung injury in animals protected with the soft body armor used, even when compared to unprotected animals. In line with these experimental data, the measured force as well as the force impulse measured using BOPMAN were also decreased with a ceramic hard plate protection and increased when a soft ballistic pack was used compared to no protection. Comparison of data collected on BOPMAN and swine equipped with the same protection level revealed that those two force parameters were well correlated with the level of blast-induced lung injury (force, R2 = 0.74 and force impulse, R2 = 0.77, p < 0.05). Taken together, our results suggest that the force and the force impulse data from BOPMAN may help estimate the efficiency of existing TPE regarding lung protection under blast exposure and may represent an important tool for development of future TPE.
Electrospun Silk Fibroin Scaffolds for Tissue Regeneration: Chemical, Structural, and Toxicological Implications of the Formic Acid-Silk Fibroin Interaction
Authors: Biagiotti Marco , Bassani Giulia Alessandra , Chiarini Anna , Vincoli Valentina Teodolinda , Dal Prà Ilaria , Cosentino Cesare , Alessandrino Antonio , Taddei Paola , Freddi Giuliano
Published: January 2022

The dissolution of Bombyx mori silk fibroin (SF) films in formic acid (FA) for the preparation of electrospinning dopes is widely exploited to produce electrospun SF scaffolds. The SILKBridge® nerve conduit is an example of medical device having in its wall structure an electrospun component produced from an FA spinning dope. Though highly volatile, residual FA remains trapped into the bulk of the SF nanofibers. The purpose of this work is to investigate the type and strength of the interaction between FA and SF in electrospun mats, to quantify its amount and to evaluate its possible toxicological impact on human health. The presence of residual FA in SF mats was detected by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy (new carbonyl peak at about 1,725 cm−1) and by solid state NMR, which revealed a new carbonyl signal at about 164.3 ppm, attributed to FA by isotopic 13C substitution. Changes occurred also in the spectral ranges of hydroxylated amino acids (Ser and Thr), demonstrating that FA interacted with SF by forming formyl esters. The total amount of FA was determined by HS-GC/MS analysis and accounted for 247 ± 20 μmol/g. The greatest part was present as formyl ester, a small part (about 3%) as free FA. Approximately 17% of the 1,500 μmol/g of hydroxy amino acids (Ser and Thr) theoretically available were involved in the formation of formyl esters. Treatment with alkali (Na2CO3) succeeded to remove the greatest part of FA, but not all. Alkali-treated electrospun SF mats underwent morphological, physical, and mechanical changes. The average diameter of the fibers increased from about 440 nm to about 480 nm, the mat shrunk, became stiffer (the modulus increased from about 5.5 MPa to about 7 MPa), and lost elasticity (the strain decreased from about 1 mm/mm to about 0.8 mm/mm). Biocompatibility studies with human adult dermal fibroblasts did not show significant difference in cell proliferation (313 ± 18 and 309 ± 23 cells/mm2 for untreated and alkali-treated SF mat, respectively) and metabolic activity. An in-depth evaluation of the possible toxicological impact of residual FA was made using the SILKBridge® nerve conduit as case study, following the provisions of the ISO 10993-1 standard. The Potential Patient Daily Intake, calculated from the total amount of FA determined by HS-GC/MS, was 2.4 mg/day and the Tolerable Exposure level was set to 35.4 mg/day. This allowed to obtain a value of the Margin of Safety of 15, indicating that the amount of FA left on SF mats after electrospinning does not raise concerns for human health.
Identification of OLED Degradation Scenarios by Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulations of Lifetime Experiments
Authors: Hauenstein Christoph , Gottardi Stefano , Torun Engin , Coehoorn Reinder , van Eersel Harm
Published: January 2022

We show how three-dimensions kinetic Monte Carlo simulations can be used to carry out an operational lifetime study of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and to deduce the sensitivity to various degradation scenarios. The approach is demonstrated for an experimentally well-characterized efficient green-emitting device. The simulation workflow includes an equilibration phase, an equilibrated pristine state phase and a degradation phase. Acceleration of the simulations by extrapolation from simulations at large current densities makes the simulation time realistically feasible. Such a procedure is also often followed in experimental studies. Degradation is assumed to be triggered by exciton-polaron quenching and exciton-exciton annihilation processes. A comparison of the simulated and experimental time-dependence of the luminance decay provides the probability that a degradation-triggering event leads to the formation of a degraded molecule. For the TADF OLED that has been studied, this parameter is only weakly dependent on the assumed scenario, provided that the degraded molecules are assumed to form trap sites, and is found to be ∼(0.2−0.7)×10−9. The approach is expected to enable systematic in silico studies of the operational lifetime and its sensitivity to the material composition, layer structure, charge carrier balance, and the use of refined device principles such as hyperfluorescence.
Epitaxial Growth of Flower-Like MoS2 on One-Dimensional Nickel Titanate Nanofibers: A “Sweet Spot” for Efficient Photoreduction of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Khan Haritham , Kang Suhee , Charles Hazina , Lee Caroline Sunyong
Published: January 2022

Herein, a full spectrum-induced hybrid structure consisting of one-dimensional nickel titanate (NiTiO3) nanofibers (NFs) decorated by petal-like molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) particles was designed through a facile hydrothermal method. The key parameters for tailoring the morphology and chemical, surface, and interfacial properties of the heterostructure were identified for efficient and selective conversion of CO2 into valuable chemicals. Introducing MoS2 layers onto NiTiO3 NFs provided superior CO2 conversion with significantly higher yields. The optimized hybrid structure produced CO and CH4 yields of 130 and 55 μmol g−1 h−1, respectively, which are 3.8- and 3.6-times higher than those from pristine NiTiO3 nanofibers (34 and 15 μmol g−1 h−1, respectively) and 3.6- and 5.5-times higher than those from pristine MoS2 (37 and 10 μmol g−1 h−1, respectively). This improved performance was attributed to efficient absorption of a wider spectrum of light and efficient transfer of electrons across the heterojunction. Effective charge separation and reduced charge carrier recombination were confirmed by photoluminescence and impedance measurements. The performance may also be partly due to enhanced hydrophobicity of the hierarchical surfaces due to MoS2 growth. This strategy contributes to the rational design of perovskite-based photocatalysts for CO2 reduction.
Crosstalk Between the Gut Microbiota and Epithelial Cells Under Physiological and Infectious Conditions
Authors: Zhou An , Yuan Yi , Yang Min , Huang Yujiao , Li Xin , Li Shengpeng , Yang Shiming , Tang Bo
Published: January 2022

The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is considered the largest immunological organ, with a diverse gut microbiota, that contributes to combatting pathogens and maintaining human health. Under physiological conditions, the crosstalk between gut microbiota and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) plays a crucial role in GIT homeostasis. Gut microbiota and derived metabolites can compromise gut barrier integrity by activating some signaling pathways in IECs. Conversely, IECs can separate the gut microbiota from the host immune cells to avoid an excessive immune response and regulate the composition of the gut microbiota by providing an alternative energy source and releasing some molecules, such as hormones and mucus. Infections by various pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites, can disturb the diversity of the gut microbiota and influence the structure and metabolism of IECs. However, the interaction between gut microbiota and IECs during infection is still not clear. In this review, we will focus on the existing evidence to elucidate the crosstalk between gut microbiota and IECs during infection and discuss some potential therapeutic methods, including probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and dietary fiber. Understanding the role of crosstalk during infection may help us to establish novel strategies for prevention and treatment in patients with infectious diseases, such as C. difficile infection, HIV, and COVID-19.
Playing for Change: Teens’ Attitudes Towards Climate Change Action as Expressed Through Interactive Digital Narrative Play
Authors: Skains R. Lyle , Rudd Jennifer A. , Horry Ruth , Ross Helen
Published: January 2022

We designed and pilot tested “You and CO2”, a program designed to encourage students to reflect on their personal impact on the environment, while also appreciating their place within society to bring about positive societal change. Over three interlinked workshops, students analysed the carbon footprints of some everyday activities, which they then explored in more detail through interacting with a bespoke piece of interactive digital narrative (IDN), No World 4 Tomorrow. Previous papers have discussed the feasibility of the program and student engagement with the concepts. This paper presents analysis of the playthrough data as each participant in the program played the IDN to completion, examining trends in story selection choices for how they reflect students’ understandings and attitudes towards climate change and their own ability to make a difference in matters large and small pertaining to climate change.
Experimental Findings and Clinical-Pathologic Correlation of Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation at the Left Ventricle Para-Hisian Region
Authors: Fu Zuyi , Liao Zili , Zhang Jinlin , Zhan Xianzhang , Lin Weidong , Liu Fang Zhou , Su Xi , Deng Hai , Fang Xianhong , Liao Hongtao , Wang Hongyue , Wu Shulin , Xue Yumei , Ouyang Feifan
Published: January 2022

Background

Catheter ablation target at the site with large His activation in the left ventricle poses a high risk of atrioventricular (AV) block. We aimed to identify far-field (FF) and near-field (NF) His activation at left upper septum (LUS).

Methods

Three-D mapping of the aortic root and left ventricle was performed in 12 dogs. Two sites located at either the base or apex of the triangle interposed between the hinges of the the noncornary coronary cusp (NCC) - right coronary cusp (RCC) were chosen for a single radiofrequency (RF) application. Bipolar and unipolar pacing with different outputs at both sites was attempted to discern NF and FF His activation.

Results

The sites chosen for NF and FF ablation were located at the base and apex of the triangle, which were 8.03 ± 1.18 mm (group 1) and 3.42 ± 0.61 mm (group 2) away from the RCC-NCC junction. Lower A/V ratios were found in group 1. Pacing could not differentiate NF from FF His activation. In group 1, ablation resulted in III degree AV block in all 6 dogs, whereas neither PR prolongation nor AV block occurred in group 2. Pathologic examination of group 1 showed complete/partial necrosis of the His bundle (HB) and left bundle branch in all 6 dogs. In group 2, no necrosis of the HB was seen in the 6/6 dogs.

Conclusion

Anatomical localization in the triangle of RCC-NCC junction can help differentiate NF from FF His activation.
Paracrine Interleukin 6 Induces Cerebral Remodeling at Early Stages After Unilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion in Mice
Authors: Kuffner Melanie T. C. , Koch Stefan P. , Kirchner Marieluise , Mueller Susanne , Lips Janet , An Jeehye , Mertins Philipp , Dirnagl Ulrich , Endres Matthias , Boehm-Sturm Philipp , Harms Christoph , Hoffmann Christian J.
Published: January 2022

Aims

Carotid artery disease is frequent and can result in chronic modest hypoperfusion of the brain. If no transient ischemic attack or stroke occur, it is classified asymptomatic. In the long-term, though, it can lead to cognitive impairment. Fostering cerebral remodeling after carotid artery occlusion might be a new concept of treatment. Paracrine Interleukin 6 (IL-6) can induce such remodeling processes at early stages. However, it has neurodegenerative long-term effects. With this exploratory study, we investigated the effect of paracrine IL-6 on cerebral remodeling in early stages after asymptomatic carotid artery occlusion to identify new treatment targets.

Methods and Results

To mimic a human asymptomatic carotid artery disease, we used a mouse model of unilateral common carotid artery (CCA) occlusion. We developed a mouse model for inducible paracrine cerebral IL-6 expression (Cx30-Cre-ERT2;FLEX-IL6) and induced IL-6 2 days after CCA occlusion. We studied the effects of paracrine IL-6 after CCA occlusion on neuronal connectivity using diffusion tensor imaging and on local proteome regulations of the hypo-perfused striatum and contralateral motor cortex using mass spectrometry of laser capture micro-dissected tissues. Paracrine IL-6 induced cerebral remodeling leading to increased inter-hemispheric connectivity and changes in motor system connectivity. We identified changes in local protein abundance which might have adverse effects on functional outcome such as upregulation of Synuclein gamma (Sncg) or downregulation of Proline Dehydrogenase 1 (Prodh). However, we also identified changes in local protein abundance having potentially beneficial effects such as upregulation of Caprin1 or downregulation of GABA transporter 1 (Gat1).

Conclusions

Paracrine cerebral IL-6 at early stages induces changes in motor system connectivity and the proteome after asymptomatic CCA occlusion. Our results may help to distinguish unfavorable from beneficial IL-6 dependent protein regulations. Focusing on these targets might generate new treatments to improve long-term outcome in patients with carotid artery disease.
A Simple Logistic Regression Model for Predicting the Likelihood of Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation Within 1 Year After Initial Radio-Frequency Catheter Ablation Therapy
Authors: Jia Sixiang , Mou Haochen , Wu Yiteng , Lin Wenting , Zeng Yajing , Chen Yiwen , Chen Yayu , Zhang Qi , Wang Wei , Feng Chao , Xia Shudong
Published: January 2022

Background

The clinical factors associated with the recurrence of atrial fibrillation (Af) in patients undergoing catheter ablation (CA) are still ambiguous to date.

Purpose

1. To recognize preoperative serologic factors and clinical features associated with Af recurrence after the first ablation treatment. 2. To Develop a Logical Regression Model for Predicting the Likelihood of Recurrence Within 1 Year After the Initial Radio-Frequency Catheter Ablation (RFCA) Therapy.

Methods

Atrial fibrillation patients undergoing RFCA at our institution from January 2016 to June 2021 were included in the analysis (n = 246). A combined dataset of relevant parameters was collected from the participants (clinical characteristics, laboratory results, and time to recurrence) (n = 200). We performed the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression with 100 cycles, selecting variables present in all 100 cycles to identify factors associated with the first recurrence of atrial fibrillation. A logistic regression model for predicting whether Af would recur within a year was created using 70% of the data as a training set and the remaining data to validate the accuracy. The predictions were assessed using calibration plots, concordance index (C-index), and decision curve analysis.

Results

The left atrial diameter, albumin, type of Af, whether other arrhythmias were combined, and the duration of Af attack time were associated with Af recurrence in this sample. Some clinically meaningful variables were selected and combined with recognized factors associated with recurrence to construct a logistic regression prediction model for 1-year Af recurrence. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for this model was 0.8695, and the established prediction model had a C-index of 0.83. The performance was superior to the extreme curve in the decision curve analysis.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates that several clinical features and serological markers can predict the recurrence of Af in patients undergoing RFCA. This simple model can play a crucial role in guiding physicians in preoperative evaluation and clinical decision-making.