bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic structure and affinity among eight ethnic populations of Eastern India: Based on 22 polymorphic DNA loci
Authors: Kashyap V.K. , Chattopadhyay P. , Dutta R. , Vasulu T.S.
Published: April 2004

The nature and extent of genetic variation at 22 polymorphic DNA loci, belonging to three distinct classes, especially, 12 STR loci (D3S1358, vWA, FGA, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, HPRTB, F13B, LPL), four VNTR loci (D1S7, D4S139, D5S110, D17S79), and six coding loci (HLDQA1, LDLR, GYPA, HBGG, D7S8, GC) were investigated among eight population groups of West Bengal and Manipur regions of India. Of these, two groups from West Bengal belong to Caucasoid and six (one in WB and five in Manipur) belong to Mongoloid stock. Both STR and the expressed loci show wide diversity among the eight populations. For example, Manipur Muslims show differences in allele frequency when compared to four other regional populations. Similarly, Garo, one of the Mongoloid populations of West Bengal, differ in allele frequency from their counterparts in the Manipur region. Departure from Hardy‐Weinberg expectations was observed at certain loci in a few populations (e.g., D21S1137 in Kayastha and Brahmin, HUM F13B in Meitei). Heterozygosity values were higher for Caucasoid than Mongoloid groups. The overall gene differentiation (GST) for STR loci is higher (5.3%) than for those at the expressed region (4.6%). The clustering pattern of the eight populations differs with respect to different classes of genetic markers used. The dendrograms based on six coding loci (HLDQA1, LDLR, GYPA, HBGG, D7S8, GC) differs from those based on STR and VNTR markers. Caucasoid and Mongoloid groups form different clusters and Manipur Muslims are distinct from others. The clustering pattern corresponded with the spatial and ethnic affiliations of the populations. Using different classes of DNA loci at the coding and noncoding region will help to better understand the influence of population structure variables on the genetic structure of populations. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 16:311–327, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A prenatally diagnosed patient with full monosomy 21: Ultrasound, cytogenetic, clinical, molecular, and necropsy findings
Authors: Mori María A. , Lapunzina Pablo , Delicado Alicia , Núñez Guillermo , Rodríguez José I. , de Torres María L. , Herrero Francisco , Valverde Eva , López‐Pajares Isidora
Published: April 2004

We report on a patient with a full monosomy 21 (FM21) prenatally diagnosed in cord fetal blood, and subsequently confirmed in other tissues. Subtle chromosomal translocations of chromosome 21, were ruled‐out by FISH using both painting and 21q telomeric probes. Microsatellites analysis demonstrated the paternal origin of the single chromosome. The propositus showed at 32 weeks of gestation a severe intrauterine growth retardation and microcephaly. He was born with multiple congenital malformations, hypotonia, microcephaly, bilateral microphthalmia (more severe on the left), facial dysmorphism, agenesis of the external auditory meatus, redundant skin in the neck, narrow chest, flat scrotum, cryptorchydism, hypospadias, micropene, camptodactyly, nail hypoplasia, and abnormal palmar and plantar creases. The patient died in the first day of life. At necropsy, micrencephaly, semilobar holoprosencephaly, polimicrogyria, ocular abnormalities, skeletal anomalies, congenital heart disease, and agenesis of right kidney were also observed. To our best knowledge, this case is one of the most completely patient studied with FM21. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Patterson–Lowry rhizomelic dysplasia: Report of two new patients
Authors: Franceschini Piergiorgio , Licata D. , Guala A. , Ingrosso G. , Di Cara G. , Franceschini D.
Published: April 2004

We report two new patients with the Patterson–Lowry rhizomelic dysplasia characterized by very short humeri, coxa vara with proximal femoral epiphyseal involvement, short metacarpals, metatarsals and phalanges. The expression of clinical and radiological characteristics is significantly variable, but the unique proximal metaepiphyseal appearance of humeri makes the syndrome easily identifiable. All the reported patients are sporadic. The genetics of the syndrome remain unclear for the moment. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
First non‐mosaic case of isopseudodicentric chromosome 18 (psu idic(18)(pter → q22.1::q22.1 → pter) Is associated with multiple congenital anomalies reminiscent of trisomy 18 and 18q− syndrome
Authors: Meins M. , Böhm D. , Großmann A. , Herting E. , Fleckenstein B. , Fauth C. , Speicher M.R. , Schindler R. , Zoll B. , Bartels I. , Burfeind Peter
Published: April 2004

Isopseudodicentric chromosome 18 is very rare and results in a combination of partial trisomy and partial monosomy of chromosome 18. We report here a hypotrophic newborn with a lateral cleft lip and palate and multiple craniofacial dysmorphisms, a combined heart defect, unilateral hypoplasia of the kidney, bilateral aplasia of thumbs, and generalized contractures. Cytogenetic analysis revealed an isopseudodicentric chromosome 18 with breakpoint in 18q (46,XX,psu idic(18)(pter → q22.1::q22.1 → pter)). The isopseudodicentric chromosome 18 was observed in 100% of blood lymphocytes and umbilical cord fibroblasts, thus indicating a non‐mosaic finding of the isopseudodicentric chromosome in the child. An elongated derivative chromosome 18 had also been found prenatally in amniotic cells. In contrast, a terminal deletion (18q−) was detected in placental cell cultures. The breakpoint was mapped to a 0.9 Mb region on 18q22.1 (located 64.8–65.7 Mb from the telomere of the p‐arm) by a novel quantitative PCR approach with SYBR green detection. The results indicate an identical breakpoint of the isopseudodicentric chromosome 18 in the child and the 18q− chromosome in the placenta. To our knowledge this is the first report that a fetus carrying an isopseudodicentric chromosome 18 with breakpoint in 18q (46,XX,psu idic(18)(pter → q22.1::q22.1 → pter)) in non‐mosaic form can be viable, but is associated with severe congenital malformations of the child. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ectodermal dysplasia with tetramelic deficiencies and no mutation in p63: Odontotrichomelic syndrome or a new entity?
Authors: Zankl Andreas , Scheffer H. , Schinzel Albert
Published: April 2004

The ectodermal dysplasias (ED) are a large and complex group of diseases characterized by anomalies of the ectoderm and its derivates, often associated with malformations in other organs. We report a patient with an ectodermal dysplasia affecting hair, teeth, and nails and malformations of all four extremities including absence of several rays in the hands and feet. This patient shares many similarities with odontotrichomelic syndrome, a rare ectodermal dysplasia syndrome that has so far only been described in three individuals. However, some differences exist and this patient might also represent a separate ectodermal dysplasia syndrome. p63, a gene that is mutated in a number of syndromes associated with ectodermal dysplasia and limb malformations, was considered a possible candidate gene. However, no mutation in p63 was identified. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Integrative classification of morphology and molecular genetics in central nervous system malformations
Authors: Sarnat Harvey B. , Flores‐Sarnat Laura
Published: April 2004

We propose a scheme to classify central nervous system (CNS) malformations that integrates morphology and genetics by using patterns of genetic expression as its basis. The precise genetic mutations are not necessary to know in all cases. The premises of this classification are (1) genetic expression in the neural tube follows gradients in the axes that are established at the time of gastrulation: vertical (dorsoventral and ventrodorsal); rostrocaudal; mediolateral. (2) Overexpression in one of these gradients generally results in duplication or hyperplasia of structures, or ectopic segmental (i.e., neuromeric) expression. (3) Underexpression in a gradient generally results in hypoplasia, noncleavage in the midline of paired structures or segmental deletion of neuromeres. These gradients may also affect the formation and migration of neural crest tissue, affecting non‐neural structures such as the face in the case of the mesencephalic neural crest, or induction of paraxial mesodermal in the posterior fossa. Additional criteria of the new classification allow for other genetic influences on developmental processes, such as cellular lineage, exemplified by tuberous sclerosis, and hemimegalencephaly. It is essential that the CNS be considered as a whole and classification not be regionalized, as to the cerebral cortex, because the limit of the rostrocaudal gradient may account for variability in clinical manifestations. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
3D analysis of facial morphology
Authors: Hammond Peter , Hutton Tim J. , Allanson Judith E. , Campbell Linda E. , Hennekam Raoul C.M. , Holden Sean , Patton Michael A. , Shaw Adam , Temple I. Karen , Trotter Matthew , Murphy Kieran C. , Winter Robin M.
Published: April 2004

Dense surface models can be used to analyze 3D facial morphology by establishing a correspondence of thousands of points across each 3D face image. The models provide dramatic visualizations of 3D face‐shape variation with potential for training physicians to recognize the key components of particular syndromes. We demonstrate their use to visualize and recognize shape differences in a collection of 3D face images that includes 280 controls (2 weeks to 56 years of age), 90 individuals with Noonan syndrome (NS) (7 months to 56 years), and 60 individuals with velo‐cardio‐facial syndrome (VCFS; 3 to 17 years of age). Ten‐fold cross‐validation testing of discrimination between the three groups was carried out on unseen test examples using five pattern recognition algorithms (nearest mean, C5.0 decision trees, neural networks, logistic regression, and support vector machines). For discriminating between individuals with NS and controls, the best average sensitivity and specificity levels were 92 and 93% for children, 83 and 94% for adults, and 88 and 94% for the children and adults combined. For individuals with VCFS and controls, the best results were 83 and 92%. In a comparison of individuals with NS and individuals with VCFS, a correct identification rate of 95% was achieved for both syndromes. This article contains supplementary material, which may be viewed at the American Journal of Medical Genetics website at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0148‐7299/suppmat/index.html. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cohen syndrome in the Ohio Amish
Authors: Falk Marni J. , Feiler Heidi S. , Neilson Derek E. , Maxwell Kathleen , Lee James V. , Segall Samantha K. , Robin Nathaniel H. , Wilhelmsen Kirk C. , Träskelin Ann‐Liz , Kolehmainen Juha , Lehesjoki Anna‐Elina , Wiznitzer Max , Warman Matthew L.
Published: April 2004

We describe eight members from two large Amish kindreds who share a phenotype characterized by early‐onset pigmentary retinopathy and myopia, global developmental delay and mental retardation, microcephaly, short stature, hypotonia, joint hyperextensibility, small hands and feet, common facial appearance, and friendly disposition. Several of the children had intermittent granulocytopenia. The phenotypic occurrence in three siblings coupled with the increased coefficient of inbreeding in the Amish suggested that this disorder is autosomal recessive and due to a single founder allele. Despite similarity to the clinical features of Cohen syndrome, experienced dysmorphologists attending the 23rd David W. Smith Workshop suggested the facial gestalt of the Amish children was inconsistent with this diagnosis. We mapped the locus responsible for these individuals' phenotype to chromosome 8q22‐q23, which contains the recently discovered Cohen syndrome gene, COH1. Complete sequencing of the COH1 gene identified a likely disease‐causing frameshift mutation and a missense mutation in the Amish patients. A comparison of features among different Cohen syndrome populations with shared linkage to the COH1 locus or known COH1 gene mutations may allow for the determination of improved clinical criteria on which to suspect the diagnosis of Cohen syndrome. We conclude that facial gestalt seems to be an unreliable indicator of Cohen syndrome between ethnic populations, although it is quite consistent among affected individuals within a particular ethnic group. Other features common to almost all individuals with proven COH1 mutations, such as retinal dystrophy, myopia, microcephaly, mental retardation, global developmental delay, hypotonia, and joint hyperextensibility appear to be better clinical indicators of this disorder. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Growth hormone deficiency, anorectal agenesis, and brachycamptodactyly: A phenotype overlapping Stratton–Parker syndrome
Authors: Spadoni Emanuela , Castelnovi Claudia , Maraschio Paola , Stacul Elisabetta , Beluffi Giampiero , Bozzola Mauro , Danesino Cesare
Published: April 2004

Stratton and Parker [1989] described a 17‐month‐old boy with the previously unreported combination of growth hormone (GH) deficiency, Wormian bones, mild developmental delay, brachycamptodactyly, heart defects, kidney hypoplasia, imperforate anus, bilateral cryptorchidism, and facial anomalies. A similar case was later reported by Gabrielli et al. [1994], who suggested the existence of a “Stratton–Parker syndrome.” Here, we describe a boy with isolated GH deficiency, body asymmetry, and brachycamptodactyly. At birth, complete anorectal agenesis and cryptorchidism were detected, which required surgical treatment. Radiographic examination showed the presence of bilateral proximal radioulnar subluxation and Kirner anomaly. Brain MRI showed asymmetry of the posterior horns of the lateral ventricles and enlarged cisterna magna. Psychomotor development had been mildly delayed during the first years of life. Due to the unique association of GH deficiency with intestinal, genital, and limbs abnormalities, we believe that our patient may represent a further case of Stratton–Parker syndrome. All patients reported, till date, are sporadic males born to healthy nonconsanguineous parents. X‐linked recessive inheritance is a possibility to consider. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of six polymorphisms of the NOTCH4 gene with schizophrenia in the Japanese population
Authors: Tochigi Mamoru , Zhang Xuan , Umekage Tadashi , Ohashi Jun , Kato Chieko , Marui Tetsuya , Otowa Takeshi , Hibino Hiroyuki , Otani Toshiyuki , Kohda Kazuhisa , Liu Shuzheng , Kato Nobumasa , Tokunaga Katsushi , Sasaki Tsukasa
Published: April 2004

The NOTCH4 gene is located at 6p21.3 and involved in the development and patterning of the central nervous systems. Recently, Wei and Hemmings [2000] observed that the gene was associated with schizophrenia. Subsequent to the report, several studies investigated the gene in schizophrenia, with controversial and inconclusive results. In the present study, we investigated six polymorphisms (SNPs 1–5 and a CTG repeat) of the gene in Japanese subjects with schizophrenia (n = 284) and the same number of controls. The polymorphisms include SNP5, which has been observed to be associated with schizophrenia in a Chinese population and two new SNPs 3–4 adjacent to SNP5, in addition to the SNPs 1–2 and the CTG repeat, which were suggested for the association with the disease in the previous study. As a result, no significant difference in genotypic distributions or allelic frequencies of the six polymorphisms of the gene was observed between the patients and the controls. Also, no significant difference was found in frequencies of haplotypes of the six polymorphisms between the patients and the controls. However, the distribution of SNP2 was significantly deviated from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in the patients (P = 0.000986), not in the controls, which could be a chance or due to an association of SNP2 with the disease. In conclusion, the present study provided no clear evidence for an association between the NOTCH4 gene and schizophrenia in the Japanese population. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of the high‐density polyethylene melt index on the microcellular foaming of high‐density polyethylene/polypropylene blends
Authors: Rachtanapun P. , Selke S. E. M. , Matuana L. M.
Published: April 2004

The effect of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE)/polypropylene (PP) blending on the crystallinity as a function of the HDPE melt index was studied. The melting temperature and total amount of crystallinity in the HDPE/PP blends were lower than those of the pure polymers, regardless of the blend composition and melt index. The effects of the melt index, blending, and foaming conditions (foaming temperature and foaming time) on the void fractions of HDPEs of various melt indices and HDPE/PP blends were also investigated. The void fraction was strongly dependent on the foaming time, foaming temperature, and blend composition as well as the melt index of HDPE. The void fraction of the foamed 30:70 HDPE/PP blend was always higher than that of the foamed 50:50 HDPE/PP blend, regardless of the melt index. The microcellular structure could be greatly improved with a suitable ratio of HDPE to PP and with foaming above the melting temperature for long enough; however, using high‐melt‐index HDPE in the HDPE/PP blends had a deleterious effect on both the void fraction and cell morphology of the blends. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 364–371, 2004
Preparation of polypropylene/carbon nanotube composite powder with a solid‐state mechanochemical pulverization process
Authors: Xia Hesheng , Wang Qi , Li Kanshe , Hu Guo‐Hua
Published: April 2004

A solid‐state mechanochemical pulverization process, that is, pan milling, was used to prepare a polypropylene (PP)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composite powder. The composite powder was then melt‐mixed with a twin‐roll masticator to obtain a PP/CNT composite. The morphology of the PP/CNT powder and the PP/CNT composite was investigated. The crystallization and mechanical properties of the latter were also studied. After 20 milling cycles (ca. 60 min), the average diameter of PP/3 wt % CNT composite powder particles was a few micrometers. The length of the CNTs was reduced from a few micrometers to 0.4–0.5 μm. The CNTs became straighter and more uniform in length. The effects of incorporating the CNTs into PP were as follows: (1) the crystallization rate and temperature of PP increased, (2) a strong b‐plane orientation of PP was induced, and (3) the Young's modulus and yield strength of PP increased. Interfacial adhesion between PP and the CNTs was improved by the mechanical action of the solid‐state pulverization process used, which favored the dispersion of the CNTs into PP. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 378–386, 2004
Implications for the functions of the four known midgut differentiation factors: An immunohistologic study of Heliothis virescens midgut
Authors: Loeb Marcia J. , Coronel Nicholas , Natsukawa Dai , Takeda Makio
Published: April 2004

Antibodies to the peptides that induce differentiation of midgut larval stem cells, the midgut differentiating factors MDF‐2, MDF‐3, and MDF‐4, bind to columnar cells in midgut cultures and in intact midgut of Heliothis virescens, in manners similar to the binding of anti‐ MDF‐1 to those tissues. Antibodies to MDF‐2 and MDF‐3 also stained droplets in the midgut lumen, suggesting that columnar cells may also release MDF‐2‐ and MDF‐3‐like cytokines to the lumen. Antibody to MDF‐4 exhibited similar staining patterns but also recognized stem and differentiating cells, the presumed targets of peptides that regulate stem cell differentiation. Antibody to MDF‐4 also bound to one type of endocrine cell in midgut cultures and in sections of midgut, as well as to the endocrine secretion released both to the midgut lumen and the hemolymph. Antibodies to the MDFs 1, 2, and 3, incubated with cultures of midgut cells, did not appear to prevent differentiation of the stem cells in the cultures but affected viability of mature cells, reflected in increased apoptosis and doubling of the number of differentiating cells compared to controls. Only antibody to MDF‐4 induced temporary necrosis and inhibition of population recovery, indicating that MDF4 may be the true differentiation factor. The other MDFs may have additional functions beyond regulation of midgut stem cell differentiation in vivo. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 56:7–20, 2004. Published 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chemiluminescence assay for reactive oxygen species scavenging activities and inhibition on oxidative damage of DNA in Deinococcus radiodurans
Authors: Tian Bing , Wu Yuanyuan , Sheng Duohong , Zheng Zhiguo , Gao Guanjun , Hua Yuejin
Published: April 2004

Free radical scavenging effects of the cellular protein extracts from two strains of Deinococcus radiodurans and Escherichia coli against O2−, H2O2 and •OH were investigated by chemiluminescence (CL) methods. The cellular protein extracts of D. radiodurans R1 and KD8301 showed higher scavenging effects on O2− than that of E. coli. D. radiodurans R1 and KD8301 also strongly scavenged H2O2 with an EC50 (50% effective concentration) of 0.12 and 0.2 mg/mL, respectively, compared to that of E. coli (EC50 = 3.56 mg/mL). The two strains of D. radiodurans were effective in scavenging •OH generated by the Fenton reaction, with EC50 of 0.059 and 0.1 mg/mL, respectively, compared to that of E. coli (EC50 > 1 mg/mL). Results from the chemiluminescence assay of •OH‐induced DNA damage and the plasmid pUC18 DNA double‐strand break (DSB) model in vitro showed that D. radiodurans had remarkably inhibitory effect on the •OH‐induced oxidative damage of DNA. The scavenging effects of D. radiodurans on reactive oxygen species (ROS) played an important role in the response to oxidation stress and preventing against DNA oxidative damage, and may be attributed to intracellular scavenging proteins, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antisense activity detection by inhibition of ﬂuorescence resonance energy transfer
Authors: Benítez‐Hess M. L. , DiPaolo J. A. , Alvarez‐Salas L. M.
Published: April 2004

Use of antisense nucleic acids to modulate expression of particular genes is a promising approach to the therapy of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV‐16)‐associated cervical cancer. Understandably, evaluation of the in vivo performance of synthetic antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS‐ODNs) or ribozymes is of ultimate importance to development of effective antisense tools. Here we report the use of a bacterial reporter system based on the inhibition of ﬂuorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to measure the interaction of AS‐ODNs with HPV‐16 target nt 410–445, using variants of the green ﬂuorescent protein (GFP). An optimal FRET‐producing pair was selected with GFP as the donor and yellow ﬂuorescent protein (YFP) as the acceptor molecule. Hybridization of AS‐ODNs with a chimaeric mRNA containing the antisense target site ﬂanked by GFP variants resulted in the inhibition of the FRET effect. Use of different linkers suggested that the amino acid content of the linker has no signiﬁcant effect on FRET effect. Antisense accessibility, tested by RNaseH assays with phosphorothioated target‐speciﬁc and mutant AS‐ODNs, suggested a speciﬁc effect on the chimaeric mRNA. FRET inhibition measurements correlated with the presence of truncated proteins conﬁrming true antisense activity over the target. Therefore, FRET inhibition may be used for the direct measurement of AS‐ODNs activity in vivo. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy study of the interaction of the antitumoral drug emodin with human serum albumin
Authors: Fabriciova G. , Sanchez‐Cortes S. , Garcia‐Ramos J. V. , Miskovsky P.
Published: April 2004

Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy was employed in this work to study the interaction between the antitumoral drug emodin and human serum albumin (HSA), as well as the influence of fatty acids in this interaction. We demonstrated that the drug/protein interaction can take place through two different binding sites which are probably localized in the IIA and IIIA hydrophobic pockets of HSA and which correspond to Sudlow's I and II binding sites, respectively. The primary interaction site of this drug seems to be site II in the defatted albumin. Fatty acids seem to displace the drug from site II to site I in nondefatted HSA, due to the high affinity of fatty acids for site II. The drug interacts with the protein through its dianionic form in defatted HSA (when placed in the site II) and through its neutral form in the site I of nondefatted albumins. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers, 2004
Infrared microspectroscopy of individual human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells
Authors: Romeo Melissa , Matthäus Christian , Miljkovic Milos , Diem Max
Published: April 2004

We report infrared (IR) spectra observed for individual, cultured human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells. Spectra were collected microscopically, in reflection/absorption modes, from cells deposited and dried on microscope slides or from cells grown directly on slides. Within the spectra of the dried cells, significant spectral heterogeneity exists that was previously attributed to different stages of the cell cycle [Boydston‐White. S., et al., Biospectroscopy 1999, 5, 219–227; Holman, H. Y., et al., Biopolymers Biospectrosc 2000, 57, 329–335; Tobin, M. J., et al., in First BASIE Workshop, Karlsruhe, Germany, 2003]. The results reported here confirm earlier findings and present the possibility of determining the abundance of cells within each stage of the cycle from the IR spectra. In an accompanying paper, we show that the spectra of cells in suspension exhibit spectral intensity distributions that are different from that of the dried cells. This result has far‐reaching implications for the use of infrared microspectroscopy to screen dried cell preparations for the presence of abnormal cells. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers, 2004
Infrared microspectroscopy of individual human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells suspended in growth medium
Authors: Miljkovic Milos , Romeo Melissa , Matthäus Christian , Diem Max
Published: April 2004

We report for the first time the infrared spectra of individual human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells suspended in buffer or cell culture medium. Although we did not establish whether these cells were viable at the time of spectral data acquisition, we believe that the methodology used is applicable to the study of live cells. Data were collected either from entire cells, using 25‐ to 40‐μm apertures, or via an imaging approach, where pixels measuring 6.25 × 6.25 μm were assembled to form a map of a cell in suspension. Measurements were carried out both in reflection/absorption and in transmission modes. The results reported here might have far‐reaching implications for the use of infrared microspectroscopy to monitor cell proliferation, drug response, and other cell biological parameters in live cells. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers, 2004
Effects of lipid rafts on dynamics of retroviral entry and trafficking: Quantitative analysis
Authors: Lim Kwang‐il , Narayan Shakti , Young John A.T. , Yin John
Published: April 2004

The association of cell surface receptors with sterol‐sphingolipid‐enriched microdomains of the plasma membrane, so‐called lipid rafts, may affect the receptor‐mediated entry and trafficking dynamics of viruses. A model retrovirus, subgroup A avian sarcoma and leukosis virus (ASLV‐A), can initiate infection by binding to either of two forms of the tumor virus subgroup A (TVA) receptor, a lipid‐raft‐associated glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐anchored receptor (TVA800) or a transmembrane receptor (TVA950). Narayan et al. previously found that virus particles bound to TVA950 were more rapidly internalized than virions bound to TVA800, and the internalization via TVA950 exhibited biphasic kinetics. To explore potential molecular mechanisms for these results we developed a mathematical model that accounts for internalization of viruses through cellular pits, trafficking to an endosomal compartment where fusion occurs, and viral DNA synthesis. By fitting the model to experimental data we found that viruses bound to TVA950 were internalized up to 2.6‐fold more rapidly than viruses bound to TVA800. Two‐ to threefold greater lateral diffusivities of transmembrane proteins, relative to GPI‐anchored proteins, observed in other systems, suggest that the internalization rate of ASLV‐A is diffusion‐limited. Furthermore, by allowing for recycling of internalized TVA950‐bound viruses back to the cell surface, we can account for the observed biphasic internalization kinetics. This mechanism is also consistent with the observed slower rate of DNA synthesis for viruses that enter via TVA950. Overall, the model provides a means to generate new experimentally testable hypotheses and sets a foundation for building a quantitative and integrated understanding of viral entry, trafficking, and intracellular dynamics. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lipid‐gel and poly(dimethylsiloxane) film to mimic bioaccumulation in adipocytes
Authors: Viravaidya Kwanchanok , Jan Edward , Shuler Michael L
Published: April 2004

Bioaccumulation is an increasingly important consideration in validation studies of the safety and efficacy of potential drugs. Although an “adipocyte” cell line model has been proven successful to mimic the accumulation of naphthalene in adipocytes, the prolonged incubation time limits its use in high‐throughput studies and reduces reproducibility. In this investigation, naphthalene and naphthol accumulation and uptake kinetics of thin poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) film and lipid nanospheres suspended in a crosslinked gelatin gel (lipid‐gel) were compared with those of adipocytes. Unlike the PDMS film, the lipid‐gel can mimic the kinetics and extent of naphthalene accumulation in the adipocytes reasonably well. However, the lipid‐gel accumulated about twice as much naphthol as the adipocytes, suggesting that hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of the metabolite may be an important factor in the accuracy of accumulation studies with the lipid‐gel. Nonetheless, the lipid‐gel system shows promise as an inexpensive, convenient, and reproducible fat mimic for bioaccumulation studies. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of oxidative enzymatic treatments on enzymatic hydrolysis of softwood
Authors: Palonen Hetti , Viikari Liisa
Published: April 2004

The impact of oxidative modification and partial removal of lignin by laccase–mediator treatments on the enzymatic hydrolysis of steam‐pretreated softwood (SPS) was evaluated. Two mediators, N‐hydroxy‐N‐phenylacetamide (NHA) and its acetylated precursor, were oxidized by the laccase from Trametes hirsuta, and their effects on the activity of cellulolytic enzymes and on the hydrolysis yield of SPS were examined. Both simultaneous and sequential combinations of laccase–mediator treatments with commercial cellulases increased the sugar yield in the enzymatic hydrolysis of SPS. The maximal increase was 21% when a sequential treatment was applied. Laccase treatment alone was also shown to improve hydrolysis. NHA oxidized by laccase inhibited significantly the cellulases of Trichoderma reesei, but the presence of the solid substrate protected the activities against oxidative inactivation. Surface analysis of the lignocellulosic substrate before and after the laccase and cellulase treatments revealed an enrichment of lignin and an increase of carboxylic groups on the surface of the hydrolysis residue. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coaxial technique for catheterization of the coronary arteries with a very dilated ascending aorta
Authors: Geijer Håkan , Kähäri Anders
Published: April 2004

This article describes a simple yet effective method to catheterize the coronary arteries when the ascending aorta is very dilated. Two catheters are used in a coaxial fashion. It was possible to catheterize a patient with a 9 cm wide ascending aorta. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;62:32–34. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New Phases in the Lithiumnitridovanadate System — The Solid Solution Li7‐2xMgx[VN4] with 0 ≤ x ≤ 1.
Authors: Niewa Rainer , Zherebtsov Dmitry A.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
In1.06Ho0.94Ge2O7: A Thortveitite‐Type Compound.
Authors: Juarez‐Arellano Erick A. , Rosales Ivonne , Oliver Alicia , Ruvalcaba Jose Luis , Carbonio Raul E. , Bucio Lauro , Orozco Eligio
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Mechanical Properties of KTiOPO4 Single Crystals.
Authors: Stus N. V. , Dub S. N. , Stratiychuk D. A. , Lisnyak V. V.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Oxysulfides Ln2Ti2S2O5 as Stable Photocatalysts for Water Oxidation and Reduction under Visible‐Light Irradiation.
Authors: Ishikawa Akio , Takata Tsuyoshi , Matsumura Tadaaki , Kondo Junko N. , Hara Michikazu , Kobayashi Hisayoshi , Domen Kazunari
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ruthenium(II) Porphyrin Catalyzed Imine Aziridination and Crystal Structures of (meso‐Tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrinato)ruthenium(II) Complexes Containing PhN=CH(p‐ClPh), CPh2, and Pyridine Ligands.
Authors: Li Yan , Chan Philip Wai Hong , Zhu Nian‐Yong , Che Chi‐Ming , Kwong Hoi‐Lun
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Microwave‐Assisted Oxidation of Side Chain Arenes by Magtrieve.
Authors: Lukasiewicz Marcin , Bogdal Dariusz , Pielichowski Jan
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A New Regioselective Synthesis of Vicinal Bromohydrins via Free Radical Decarboxylative Bromination of β‐Hydroxycarboxylic Acids.
Authors: Greb Marco , Hartung Jens
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Improved Yields with Added Copper(I) Salts in Carbonylative Stille Coupling of Sterically Hindered Vinylstannanes.
Authors: Mazzola R. D. Jr. , Giese Soeren , Benson Chantel L. , West F. G.
Published: April 2004

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Cobalt(II)chloride Catalyzed Chemoselective Thioacetalization of Aldehydes.
Authors: De Surya Kanta
Published: April 2004

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Titanacyclopentene Complexes and Their Application as 1,4‐Dicarbanion Equivalents.
Authors: Goeke Andreas , Mertl Daniel , Jork Stephanie
Published: April 2004

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Further Improvements of the Synthesis of Alkynes from Aldehydes.
Authors: Roth Gerald J. , Liepold Bernd , Mueller Stephan G. , Bestmann Hans Juergen
Published: April 2004

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Highly Stereoselective Reduction of β‐Keto Amides: The First General and Efficient Approach to N‐Mono‐ and Non‐Substituted anti‐α‐Alkyl β‐Hydroxy Amides.
Authors: Bartoli Giuseppe , Bosco Marcella , Marcantoni Enrico , Melchiorre Paolo , Rinaldi Samuele , Sambri Letizia
Published: April 2004

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Selectfluor: A Novel and Efficient Reagent for the Synthesis of β‐Hydroxy Thiocyanates.
Authors: Yadav J. S. , Reddy B. V. S. , Reddy Ch. Srinivas
Published: April 2004

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Reactions of 2,3‐Dichloro‐ and 2,3,5‐Trichloro‐4,4‐ethylenedioxy‐2‐cyclopentenones with Some O‐, S‐, and N‐Nucleophiles.
Authors: Akhmetvaleev R. R. , Shavaleeva G. A. , Ivanova N. A. , Miftakhov M. S.
Published: April 2004

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Ruthenium‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Double Allylation/Cycloisomerization of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds Leading to exo‐Methylenecyclopentanes.
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshihiko , Nakagai Yu‐ichiro , Itoh Kenji
Published: April 2004

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Preparation and Structure of Di(2‐azulenyl)ketene Adducts. γ‐Lactone and β‐Lactam Derivatives.
Authors: Ito Shingo , Hamazaki Hideki , Hirasawa Yusuke , Ohta Akira , Fujimori Kunihide , Tanaka Noriyuku , Shiro Motoo
Published: April 2004

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A Solvent‐Free Synthesis of (Dichloroiodo)arenes from Iodoarenes.
Authors: Zielinska Agnieszka , Skulski Lech
Published: April 2004

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Electrophilic Aromatic Nitration Using a Mixed Catalyst of Lithium, Molybdenum, Ytterbium on Silica Gel.
Authors: Shi Min , Cui Shi‐Cong
Published: April 2004

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Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,2‐Disubstituted β‐Amino Alcohols by Nucleophilic Addition to N‐tert‐Butanesulfinyl α‐Alkoxyaldimines.
Authors: Evans Jared W. , Ellman Jonathan A.
Published: April 2004

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Stereo‐ and Regiospecific Four‐Molecule Reaction of Aroyl Chlorides with iso‐Pentylene: Direct Formation of (E)‐β,γ‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds Promoted by Samarium Metal in DMF.
Authors: Liu Yongjun , Zhang Yongmin
Published: April 2004

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Application of Organolithium and Related Reagents in Synthesis. Part 29. A Concise Regiospecific Conversion of Benzoic Acids into 5‐(2‐Carboxyphenyl)‐5‐phenylpent‐2‐enoic Acids.
Authors: Bieniek Adam , Epsztajn Jan , Kulikiewicz Krystyna K.
Published: April 2004

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A Fast and Solvent‐Free Conversion of Thioamides into Thioesters.
Authors: Darabi Hossein R. , Aghapoor Kioumars , Tabar‐Heidar Kourosh
Published: April 2004

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Stille Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Polyfluorovinylstannanes. Stereospecific Synthesis of Polyfluoro‐alkenes and ‐α,β‐unsaturated Ketones.
Authors: Shen Yanchang , Wang Guoping
Published: April 2004

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Reactions of Arylhalocarbenes with Vinyl Isocyanates.
Authors: Rigby James H. , Aasmul Mona
Published: April 2004

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Condensation of p‐Benzoquinone with Anilides of β‐Aminocrotonic Acid.
Authors: Panisheva E. K. , Alekseeva L. M. , Shashkov A. S. , Granik V. G.
Published: April 2004

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Reactions of Thiophene‐2‐carbaldehydes with Thiols in the Presence of Chlorotrimethylsilane.
Authors: Papernaya L. K. , Levanova E. P. , Sukhomazova E. N. , Albanov A. I. , Deryagina E. N.
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis and Eletrochemical Reduction of Methyl 3‐Halo‐1‐benzothiophene‐2‐carboxylates.
Authors: Rejnak Michal , Klima Jiri , Svoboda Jiri , Ludvik Jiri
Published: April 2004

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Synthetic Methods for γ‐Lactam and Pyrrole Derivatives Exploiting a Three‐Component Coupling Strategy.
Authors: Clique Blandine , Anselme Colas , Otto Daniela , Monteiro Nuno , Balme Genevieve
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Rolipram.
Authors: Chang Meng‐Yang , Sun Pei‐Pei , Chen Shui‐Tein , Chang Nein‐Chen
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis of Heterocycle‐Substituted Pyropheophorbide Derivatives
Authors: Wang Jin‐Jun , Shim Young Key , Jiang Gui‐Ji , Imafuku Kimiaki
Published: April 2004

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Pyrene‐Fused Porphyrins: Annulation Reactions of meso‐Pyrenylporphyrins.
Authors: Yamane Osamu , Sugiura Ken‐ichi , Miyasaka Hitoshi , Nakamura Kazuya , Fujimoto Tatsuhiko , Nakamura Kazuki , Kaneda Takahiro , Sakata Yoshiteru , Yamashita Masahiro
Published: April 2004

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InBr3‐Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of Indoles to p‐Quinones: An Efficient Synthesis of 3‐Indolylquinones.
Authors: Yadav J. S. , Reddy B. V. S. , Swamy T.
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis of Substituted Imidazolines via [3 + 2]‐Cycloaddition of Aziridines with Nitriles.
Authors: Prasad B. A. Bhanu , Pandey Ghanshyam , Singh Vinod K.
Published: April 2004

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The Reaction of Dialkyl Carbonates with o‐Aminophenol Catalyzed by K2CO3: A Novel High‐Yield Synthesis of N‐Alkylbenzoxazol‐2‐ones.
Authors: Selva Maurizio
Published: April 2004

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Novel Reaction of [Bis(acyloxy)iodo]arenes.
Authors: Sheremetev Aleksei B. , Konkina Svetlana M.
Published: April 2004

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Diastereoselective Diels—Alder Reaction of 2‐Thienyl and 2‐Furyl Substituted 3‐Propenethioamides with Electron Deficient Dienophiles.
Authors: Bogdanowicz‐Szwed Krystyna , Budzowski Artur
Published: April 2004

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N‐3‐Oxoalkylamides and ‐thioamides in the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds. Part 6. The Effect of Structural Factors on the Regiodirection of Cyclization of Pyridinium Derivatives of N‐(3‐Oxoalkyl)chloroacetamides. Structure of 1‐(4‐Hydroxy‐4,6,6‐trimethyl‐2‐oxo‐3‐piperidyl)pyridinium Chloride.
Authors: Fisyuk A. S. , Poendaev N. V.
Published: April 2004

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The Synthesis of Indolo‐ and Pyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines.
Authors: de Koning Charles B. , Michael Joseph P. , Pathak Rakhi , van Otterlo Willem A. L.
Published: April 2004

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An Unexpected Rearrangement of 3‐Unsubstituted‐2‐acyl Substituted Indole Phenylhydrazones. A New Method for Benz[c]β‐carboline Synthesis.
Authors: Baranova Olga V. , Dubovitskii Sergey V.
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis of New Pyrrolo[2,3‐b]pyridines as a Potent Inhibitor of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha.
Authors: Mohammed Khalid , Hilmy Hassan
Published: April 2004

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A Convenient Diversification of Pyrrolo[2,3‐b]quinolines by Iodonation and Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Lee Won Jung , Gee Moon Bae , Yum Eul Kgun
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis and Stereochemistry of Some New 1,3‐Oxathiane Derivatives.
Authors: Stuparu Mihaiela , Grosu Ion , Muntean Luminita , Ple Gerard , Cismas Crina , Terec Anamaria , Nan Alexandrina , Mager Sorin
Published: April 2004

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Pyridazine Derivatives and Related Compounds. Part 9. Tetrazolo[1,5‐b]pyridazine‐8‐carbohydrazide Synthesis and Some Reactions.
Authors: Deeb Ali , Saad Hosam
Published: April 2004

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New Efficient Synthesis of 2‐Substituted 5,6,7,8‐Tetrahydro‐benzothieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐4(3H)‐ones.
Authors: Ding Ming‐Wu , Yang Shang‐Jun , Zhu Jing
Published: April 2004

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Tetrazoles. Part 46. 3H‐1,3,4‐Benzo‐ and Pyrido[6,7‐b][1,3,4]triazepines from 5‐Aryltetrazoles. Synthesis and Chemical Properties.
Authors: Nikulin V. V. , Artamonova T. V. , Koldobskii G. I.
Published: April 2004

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Effect of Crown Ether Macrocycle on the Methylation of the Thioamide Derivatives of Benzo‐15‐crown‐5 and Veratrole.
Authors: Sayfullina N. Zh. , Tashmukhamedova A. K. , Shakhidoyatov Kh. M.
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis of 3,3‐Dialkoxy‐2‐trialkylsiloxypropenes.
Authors: Keiko N. A. , Kuznetsova T. A. , Chuvashev Yu. A. , Sherstyannikova L. V. , Larina L. I. , Voronkov M. G.
Published: April 2004

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Hydrosilylation of 2‐(2‐Propynyl)‐2,3‐dihydro‐1,2‐benzothiazol‐3‐one 1,1‐Dioxide with 1‐Alkynyl(dimethyl)‐ and Bis(1‐alkynyl)methylsilanes.
Authors: Lyashenko G. S. , Dmitriev D. V. , Yazovtsev I. A. , Demina M. M. , Albanov A. I. , Medvedeva A. S.
Published: April 2004

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3,3‐Dimethyl‐2,3,5,6‐tetrahydroimidazo[2,1‐b][1,3,4]thiazasilole and Its Derivatives with Five‐Coordinate Silicon Atom.
Authors: Voronkov M. G. , Pestunovich A. E. , Albanov A. I. , Klyba L. V. , Pestunovich V. A.
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis and Transformations of 2,4,4,7‐Tetramethyl‐4‐silanaphtho[3,2‐b]thiophen‐9‐one.
Authors: Polosin V. M. , Astakhov A. A. , Ryashentseva M. A.
Published: April 2004

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A New Eudesmanolide from Sphaeranthus indicus. (Linn).
Authors: Jadhav Ravindra B. , Sonawane Kiran B. , Panse Govind T. , Rojatkar Supada R.
Published: April 2004

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Ring‐Closing Olefin Metathesis Reactions: Synthesis of Iso‐β‐bisabolol.
Authors: Moergenthaler Jutta M. , Spitzner Dietrich
Published: April 2004

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Selective Synthesis of Fluorinated Carbohydrates Using N,N‐Diethyl‐α,α‐difluoro‐(m‐methylbenzyl)amine.
Authors: Kobayashi Shingo , Yoneda Atushi , Fukuhara Tsuyoshi , Hara Shoji
Published: April 2004

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Flavonoids from Andrographis viscosula.
Authors: Rao Yerra Koteswara , Damu Amooru Gangaiah , Rao Alahari Janardhan , Venkatesan Shanmuganathan , Kuo Ping‐Chung , Rao Chunduri Venkata , Wu Tian‐Shung
Published: April 2004

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Microbial Transformation of Terreusinone, an Ultraviolet‐A (UV‐A) Protecting Dipyrroloquinone, by Streptomyces sp.
Authors: Li XiFeng , Lee Sang Mi , Choi Hong Dae , Kang Jung Sook , Son Byeng Wha
Published: April 2004

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Aspermytin A: A New Neurotrophic Polyketide Isolated from a Marine‐Derived Fungus of the Genus Aspergillus
Authors: Tsukamoto Sachiko , Miura Shunsuke , Yamashita Yuko , Ohta Tomihisa
Published: April 2004

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Syntheses and Radical Scavenging Activities of Resveratrol Derivatives.
Authors: Lee Hyun Jung , Seo Jai Woong , Lee Bong Ho , Chung Kyoo‐Hyun , Chi Dae Yoon
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis and Characterization of Bifunctional Organic‐Glasses Based on Diphenylhydrazone and Barbituric Acid Derivative for Photorefractive Application.
Authors: Lee Sang Ho , Choi Chil Sung , Kim Nakjoong , Choi Dong Hoon , Park Ki Hong
Published: April 2004

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Aqueous Synthesis of Group IIIA Nitrides at Low Temperature.
Authors: Xiong Yujie , Xie Yi , Li Zhengquan , Li Xiaoxu , Zhang Rong
Published: April 2004

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Diagrams of Electrochemical Equilibrium of M23C6 Type Carbides
Authors: Tyurin A. G.
Published: April 2004

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Structural Motifs and Reactivity of Small Molecules Containing Subvalent Group 13 Elements: Matrix Isolation and Quantum Chemical Studies
Authors: Himmel Hans‐Joerg
Published: April 2004

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Selective C—C Coupling Reactions of Me2N—CC‐NMe2 at Iron(0) Centers
Authors: Filippou Alexander C. , Rosenauer Torsten , Schnakenburg Gregor
Published: April 2004

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New Titanium Imido Chemistry with Polydentate N‐Donor Ligands
Authors: Mountford Philip
Published: April 2004

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Neutral Clusters EnRn of the Monovalent Elements Gallium and Indium: Recent Results in Synthesis and Reactivity
Authors: Uhl W.
Published: April 2004

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Metal Complexes in Asymmetric Oxidation of Sulfides
Authors: Volcho K. P. , Salakhutdinov N. F. , Tolstikov A. G.
Published: April 2004

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Photochemical Oxetane Formation: Addition to Heterocycles
Authors: Abe Manabu
Published: April 2004

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Enantioselective Photocycloaddition Reactions in Solution
Authors: Grosch Benjamin , Bach Thorsten
Published: April 2004

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Oxetane Formation: Intermolecular Additions
Authors: Griesbeck Axel G. , Bondock Samir
Published: April 2004

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Oxetane Formation: Stereocontrol
Authors: Griesbeck Axel G. , Bondock Samir
Published: April 2004

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