bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of high- and low-level deep learning approaches in microsatellite instability prediction
Authors: Park Jeonghyuk , Chung Yul Ri , Nose Akinao
Published: April 2022

Deep learning-based approaches in histopathology can be largely divided into two categories: a high-level approach using an end-to-end model and a low-level approach using feature extractors. Although the advantages and disadvantages of both approaches are empirically well known, there exists no scientific basis for choosing a specific approach in research, and direct comparative analysis of the two approaches has rarely been performed. Using the Cancer Genomic Atlas (TCGA)-based dataset, we compared these two different approaches in microsatellite instability (MSI) prediction and analyzed morphological image features associated with MSI. Our high-level approach was based solely on EfficientNet, while our low-level approach relied on LightGBM and multiple deep learning models trained on publicly available multiclass tissue, nuclei, and gland datasets. We compared their performance and important image features. Our high-level approach showed superior performance compared to our low-level approach. In both approaches, debris, lymphocytes, and necrotic cells were revealed as important features of MSI, which is consistent with clinical knowledge. Then, during qualitative analysis, we discovered the weaknesses of our low-level approach and demonstrated that its performance can be improved by using different image features in a complementary way. We performed our study using open-access data, and we believe this study can serve as a useful basis for discovering imaging biomarkers for clinical application.
A distributed and efficient population code of mixed selectivity neurons for flexible navigation decisions
Authors: Kira Shinichiro , Safaai Houman , Morcos Ari S. , Panzeri Stefano , Harvey Christopher D.
Published: April 2022

Decision-making requires flexibility to rapidly switch sensorimotor associations depending on behavioral goals stored in memory. We identified cortical areas and neural activity patterns that mediate this flexibility during virtual-navigation, where mice switched navigation toward or away from a visual cue depending on its match to a remembered cue. An optogenetics screen identified V1, posterior parietal cortex (PPC), and retrosplenial cortex (RSC) as necessary for accurate decisions. Calcium imaging revealed neurons that can mediate rapid sensorimotor switching by encoding a conjunction of a current and remembered visual cue that predicted the mouse’s navigational choice from trial-to-trial. Their activity formed efficient population codes before correct, but not incorrect, choices. These neurons were distributed across posterior cortex, even V1, but were densest in RSC and sparsest in PPC. We propose the flexibility of navigation decisions arises from neurons that mix visual and memory information within a visual-parietal-retrosplenial network, centered in RSC.
T-cell Abca1 and Abcg1 cholesterol efflux pathways suppress T-cell apoptosis and senescence and increase atherosclerosis in middle-agedLdlr-/-mice
Authors: Bazioti Venetia , La Rose Anouk M. , Maassen Sjors , Bianchi Frans , de Boer Rinse , Guilbaud Emma , Flohr-Svendsen Arthur , Groenen Anouk G. , Marmolejo-Garza Alejandro , Koster Mirjam H. , Kloosterhuis Niels J. , Pranger Alle T. , Langelaar-Makkinje Miriam , de Bruin Alain , van de Sluis Bart , Kohan Alison B. , Yvan-Charvet Laurent , van den Bogaart Geert , Westerterp Marit
Published: April 2022

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease driven by hypercholesterolemia. During aging, T-cells accumulate cholesterol, which could lead to a pro-inflammatory phenotype. However, the role of cholesterol efflux pathways mediated by ATP-binding cassette A1 and G1 (ABCA1/ABCG1) in T-cell-dependent age-related inflammation and atherosclerosis remains poorly understood. In this study, we generated mice with T-cell-specificAbca1/Abcg1-deficiency on the low-density-lipoprotein-receptor deficient (Ldlr-/-) background. T-cellAbca1/Abcg1-deficiency decreased blood, lymph node, and splenic T-cells, and increased T-cell activation and apoptosis. T-cellAbca1/Abcg1-deficiency induced a premature T-cell aging phenotype in middle-aged (12-13 months)Ldlr-/-mice, reflected by upregulation of senescence markers. Despite T-cell senescence and enhanced T-cell activation, T-cellAbca1/Abcg1-deficiency decreased atherosclerosis and aortic inflammation in middle-agedLdlr-/-mice, accompanied by decreased T-cells in atherosclerotic plaques. We attribute these effects to T-cell apoptosis downstream of T-cell activation. Collectively, T-cell cholesterol efflux pathways are critical for maintaining T-cell numbers, suppress senescence, and induce atherosclerosis in middle-agedLdlr-/-mice.
Polerovirus N-terminal readthrough domain structures reveal novel molecular strategies for mitigating virus transmission by aphids
Authors: Schiltz Carl J. , Wilson Jennifer R. , Hosford Christopher J. , Adams Myfanwy C. , Preising Stephanie E. , DeBlasio Stacy L. , MacLeod Hannah J. , Van Eck Joyce , Heck Michelle L. , Chappie Joshua S.
Published: April 2022

Poleroviruses, enamoviruses, and lutoeviruses are icosahedral, positive sense RNA viruses that cause economically important diseases in food and fiber crops. They are transmitted by phloem-feeding aphids in a circulative manner that involves the movement across and within insect tissues. The N-terminal portion of the viral readthrough domain (NRTD) has been implicated as a key determinant of aphid transmission in each of these genera. Here, we report crystal structures of the NRTDs from the poleroviruses turnip yellow virus (TuYV) and potato leafroll virus (PLRV) at 1.53-Å and 2.22-Å resolution, respectively. These adopt a two-domain arrangement with a unique interdigitated topology and form highly conserved dimers that are stabilized by a C-terminal peptide that is critical for proper folding. We demonstrate that the PLRV NRTD can act as an inhibitor of virus transmission and identify NRTD mutant variants that are lethal to aphids. Sequence conservation argues that enamovirus and luteovirus NRTDs will follow the same structural blueprint, which affords a novel approach to block the spread of these agricultural pathogens in a generalizable manner.
Weighted Kernels Improve Multi-Environment Genomic Prediction
Authors: Hu Xiaowei , Carver Brett F. , El-Kassaby Yousry A. , Zhu Lan , Chen Charles
Published: April 2022

Crucial to variety improvement programs is the reliable and accurate prediction of genotype’s performance across environments. However, due to the impactful presence of genotype by environment (G×E) interaction that dictates how changes in expression and function of genes influence target traits, prediction performance of genomic selection (GS) using single-environment models often falls short. Furthermore, despite the successes of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), the genetic insights derived from genome-to-phenome mapping have not yet been incorporated in predictive analytics, making GS models that use Gaussian kernel primarily an estimator of genomic similarity, instead of the underlying genetics characteristics of the populations. Here, we developed a GS framework that, in addition to capturing the overall genomic relationship, can capitalize on the signal of genetic associations of the phenotypic variation as well as the genetic characteristics of the populations. The capacity of predicting the performance of populations across environments was demonstrated by an overall gain in predictability up to 31% for the winter wheat DH population. Compared to Gaussian kernels, we showed that our multienvironment weighted kernels could better leverage the significance of genetic associations and yielded a marked improvement of 4-33% in prediction accuracy for half-sib families. Furthermore, the flexibility incorporated in our Bayesian implementation provides the generalizable capacity required for predicting multiple highly genetic heterogeneous populations across environments, allowing reliable GS for genetic improvement programs that have no access to genetically uniform material.
Novel first-row transition-metal phosphates: hydrothermal synthesis and crystal structures
Authors: Kiriukhina Galina V. , Yakubovich Olga V. , Verchenko Polina A. , Volkov Anatoly S. , Dimitrova Olga V.
Published: April 2022

Two new compounds, sodium copper nickel diorthophosphate, Na2CuNi(PO4)2 (I), and dimanganese copper diorthophosphate, Mn2Cu(PO4)2 (II), were synthesized hydrothermally, yielding single crystals, and were studied by X-ray diffraction. In the crystal structures, various transition metals of d-elements occupy symmetrically independent crystallographic positions with different coordination geometries. In the crystal structure of Na2NiCu(PO4)2, NiO6 and CuO6 octahedra share edges to form chains that PO4 groups link into a framework with cavities filled with Na atoms. Layered cationic fragments formed from dimers of MnO5 trigonal bipyramids and CuO4 square planes, sharing vertices, are connected through PO4 tetrahedra into a 3-periodic Mn2Cu(PO4)2 crystal structure. Structural correlations between Na2NiCu(PO4)2 and NaCuPO4 are discussed, and crystal–chemical details of the currently known exclusively synthetic mixed Mn/Cu and Ni/Cu phosphates are presented.
Correlation between two- and three-dimensional crystallographic lattices for epitaxial analysis. I. Theory
Authors: Simbrunner Josef , Domke Jari , Forker Roman , Resel Roland , Fritz Torsten
Published: April 2022

The epitaxial growth of molecular crystals at single-crystalline surfaces is often strongly related to the first monolayer at the substrate surface. The present work presents a theoretical approach to compare three-dimensional lattices of epitaxially grown crystals with two-dimensional lattices of the molecules formed within the first monolayer. Real-space and reciprocal-space representations are considered. Depending on the crystallographic orientation relative to the substrate surface, proper linear combinations of the lattice vectors of the three-dimensional unit cell result in a rhomboid in the xy plane, representing a two-dimensional projection. Mathematical expressions are derived which provide a relationship between the six lattice parameters of the three-dimensional case and the three parameters obtained for the two-dimensional surface unit cell. It is found that rotational symmetries of the monolayers are reflected by the epitaxial order. Positive and negative orientations of the crystallographic contact planes are correlated with the mirror symmetry of the surface unit cells, and the corresponding mathematical expressions are derived. The method is exemplarily applied to data obtained in previous grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) measurements with sample rotation on thin films of the conjugated molecules 3,4;9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA), 6,13-pentacenequinone (P2O), 1,2;8,9-dibenzopentacene (trans-DBPen) and dicyanovinyl-quaterthiophene (DCV4T-Et2) grown by physical vapor deposition on Ag(111) and Cu(111) single crystals. This work introduces the possibility to study three-dimensional crystal growth nucleated by an ordered monolayer by combining two different experimental techniques, GIXD and low-energy electron diffraction, which has been implemented in the second part of this work.
Numerical study of the yaw control of flapless aircraft
Authors: Li Ling-Xiao , Xu He-Yong , Fu Zhi-Jie , Huang Zeng-Chun
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the yaw control of the flapless aircraft and investigate the equivalent control effect (ECE) and the power consumption of the pneumatic control.

Design/methodology/approach

The control effects of the mechanical control and the pneumatic control are calculated and the ECE curves are obtained. The power consumption of the pneumatic control is analyzed. A new pneumatic drag-type yaw control method is proposed. The mechanisms of the drag-type yaw control and the conventional thrust-type yaw control are explored. The drag-type yaw control is divided into two combined blowing forms: inner-top outer-bottom blowing and inner-bottom outer-top blowing. The differences between two kinds of the drag-type yaw control at a small angle of attack and a large angle of attack are explored.

Findings

The ECE curves of the pneumatic control are obtained. The power consumption of the drag-type yaw control is much lower than that of the thrust type. The lift coefficient of the inner-top outer-bottom blowing is higher than that of the inner-bottom outer-top blowing, but the inner-bottom outer-top blowing has higher efficiency of the yaw control at a large angle of attack.

Practical implications

This paper contributes to the research of the flapless aircraft.

Originality/value

A new pneumatic drag-type yaw control method of the flapless aircraft is proposed.
The maturity of open government data maturity: a multivocal literature review
Authors: Çaldağ Murat Tahir , Gökalp Ebru
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The aim of this study is to provide administrators in government institutions a roadmap to achieve benefits of open government data (OGD) by reviewing and classifying studies with assessment or maturity models (MMs) in the OGD domain with a Multivocal Literature Review (MLR).

Design/methodology/approach

To achieve this goal, the authors conducted an MLR that includes data from not only the formal literature but also the grey literature (e.g. white papers and online documents).

Findings

Out of 3,569 sources, 81 studies were selected by following the elimination scheme and assessing sources by relevance and methodology. As a result of the quality assessment of the identified MMs based on predefined criteria, unambiguity, comparability, repeatability, completeness, clearness and objectivity, it was observed that there are a limited number of MMs in this domain and none of them fully satisfies the requirements.

Originality/value

This study is likely the first MLR on OGD domain. This MLR serves as a first step for future research on OGD assessment and MMs by presenting the need to establish a holistic approach covering all OGD dimensions, creation of an objective assessment method, prescriptive properties, and empirical evaluation demonstrating the applicability and usefulness at different scope levels.
The changing context of walking behavior: coping with the COVID-19 Pandemic in urban neighborhoods
Authors: Lotfata Aynaz , Gemci Ayse Gul , Ferah Bahar
Published: April 2022

Purpose

It is observed that the COVID-19 Pandemic mostly restricts people's movement and walking habits. In this direction, this study aims to highlight how the walking behaviors of individuals affected in different geographies' neighborhoods before and during the Pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper focuses on the relationship between neighborhood characteristics and the changing walking behavior of 24 sample regions (514 participants) with the highest incidents of COVID-19 infection from American, European, Asian, Western Pacific, African and Middle Eastern cities. The paper's methodology is supported by an /online questionnaire survey conducted in these 24 disparate neighborhoods in December 2020.

Findings

Findings show that “walkable access” varies over geographies during the Pandemic. Urban amenities within 15–20 min of access become more important than ever. The results unravel that either walkable or non-walkable neighborhoods showcased similarities despite that urban amenities were not within 15–20 min of access. Three prominent aspects should be emphasized to plan walkable neighborhoods: providing walkable access, forming spatial proximity and sustaining social cohesion.

Social implications

The availability of daily amenities, such as shopping stores, health care, education services and pharmacies within a 15–20-min walking distance maintain everyday life and increase social interactions. In addition, places with walkable access encourage an active lifestyle and contribute the public health. The impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic movement restrictions on the walking behavior of individuals highlights how the qualities of distance-based urban planning need to be supported with time-based practical attributes that can shape neighborhood planning frameworks.

Originality/value

This paper highlights the coexistence of “walkability” and “accessibility” measures in urban practice and research to create resilient and sustainable neighborhoods. The “walkable access” term used in the paper addresses joint measures of walkability and accessibility.
Analysis of the influence of reputation, identity and image on the country brand
Authors: Revilla-Camacho Maria-Angeles , Rodriguez-Rad Carlos , Garzon Dolores , Sánchez del Río-Vázquez María-Elena , Prado-Roman Camilo , Palacios-Florencio Beatriz
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The main objective of this study is to identify some of the variables that affect the perception of Brazil country brand, as well as the knowledge of the relationships between them.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed model aims to find out the influence of the affective image, the cognitive image, the identity and the reputation on the country brand. Partial Least Squares (PLS) is the method used to test the proposed model.

Findings

According to the results obtained, it seems that both identity and reputation have a positive and significant effect on the country brand. On the other hand, the cognitive image is positively related to identity and the affective image, while it is surprising that the affective image itself shows no significant influence on identity.

Originality/value

The study is of particular interest to the policy makers of territories, explaining the factors they must influence in order to successfully enhance the country brand. It also contributes to theoretical development by proposing a conceptual model that highlights the importance of the cognitive image in the country brand, due to its effect on the affective image and identity.
The interaction effect of country-of-origin positioning and cultural distance on international advertising effectiveness: a construal level perspective
Authors: Septianto Felix , Japutra Arnold , Sung Billy , Seo Yuri
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This research draws upon construal level theory to investigate how brands can develop effective international marketing strategies using country image versus product image across international markets with different cultural distances between them.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper reports two preliminary studies and three experimental studies in the context of Australian brands using a “clean and green” image. The preliminary studies explore how product versus country image and cultural similarity are related to construal levels. Then, Study 1 examines consumers from different countries as a proxy of cultural distance, whereas Studies 2 and 3 manipulate levels of cultural distance to test the effects on consumers. Moreover, Study 3 also uses a behavioral outcome as the focal dependent variable and tests the underlying mechanism.

Findings

The results demonstrate a significant interaction effect between country-of-origin positioning and cultural distance, such that an Australian brand emphasizing the country (vs product) image gains more favorable responses among consumers with high levels of cultural distance. Conversely, an Australian brand emphasizing the product (vs country) image gains more favorable responses among consumers with low levels of cultural distance. Further, this research identifies perceived brand cultural authenticity as the underlying process driving the interaction effect.

Originality/value

The findings of this research contribute to the literature on international marketing in general and the country-of-origin literature in particular by examining country-of-origin positioning and cultural distance from the construal level perspective. The research also provides managerial implications on how to promote products in the international market across different cultural distances.
Destruction, heritage and memory: post-conflict memorialisation for recovery and reconciliation
Authors: Atabay Zeynep Ece , Macedonio Alessandra , Teba Tarek , Unal Zeynep
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The destruction of armed confrontations – ranging from chronic armed conflicts to full-scale wars – leads to enormous loss of human lives and causes wide-scale devastation. They also leave deep and lasting traumas in the minds of those whose lives are torn apart because of a conflict. Memorialisation of conflict-affected sites plays an invaluable part in post-trauma recovery and can contribute to the reconciliation of different groups involved in a conflict as these sites are representatives of communities' collective memory, identity and a source of unity and resilience. This paper aims to investigate post-trauma recovery and reconciliation processes through the phenomena of memorialisation. It aims to answer how and if the memorialisation of sites of pain can contribute to the recovery and reconciliation of affected communities and serve as examples for other people around the world.

Design/methodology/approach

The documentation of such processes and the lessons learnt can offer valuable information for conducting similar exercises in other settings ravaged by a conflict. To achieve this, a review of literature on trauma, memory, memorialisation and difficult heritage was conducted, while the memorialisation processes from different cases such as Hiroshima and Nagasaki (1939–1945), Beirut (1975–1990) and Sarajevo's Vijecnica and Mostar Bridge (1992–1995) were analysed.

Findings

It was identified that the potential of memorialisation for post-trauma recovery and reconciliation is vast. However, if these processes can “heal” or “hurt” depend largely on who the stakeholders are; how the site and events are interpreted and presented; how pre/post-conflict relationships and dynamics are harnessed; how symbolic meanings (old and new) are [re]interpreted; the spatial-temporal nature of the site and those interacting with it; and the intended and perceived messages. Altogether, memorialisation of conflict-affected sites is a political and continuous process that should take into consideration all those directly and indirectly involved, the dynamics between them and all the symbolic meanings acquired and attributed to the site.

Originality/value

The study critically explores frameworks of memorialisation and their impact on both the built environment and communities. It contributes to the wider discussion of difficult heritage memorialisation and approaches to reflect on sites and cities emerging from crises such as conflict.
Keeping up appearance? Nigeria’s anti-corruption crusade and image dilemma in the global arena
Authors: Nwozor Agaptus , Afolabi Oladiran
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Corruption is a long-standing challenge in Nigeria. The country’s development crises, including widespread poverty and insecurity, have direct and indirect links to corruption. The paradox of corruption in Nigeria is that political elites have politicised its elimination: while preaching anti-corruption, they are still neck-deep in corrupt practices. The purpose of this study centres on Nigeria’s anti-corruption crusade in the context of its effectiveness in attracting global support for external loot recovery. A related preoccupation of this study is to unravel the extent to which Nigeria’s anti-corruption accomplishments or otherwise have shaped international perception.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopts a qualitative research design. It draws from primary data generated from 25 key informant interviews and complemented with secondary data from archival materials to examine Nigeria’s anti-corruption crusade, especially global perception and its overall implication in motorising the country’s quest for external loot recovery. It deploys unstructured interview guide to generate data from the key informants.

Findings

This study unveils three interrelated issues: since 1999, the promise of eliminating corruption from Nigeria’s body politic has been a recurring campaign theme without corresponding credible action against it. Although anti-corruption agencies exist in Nigeria, the country’s corruption profile is high, an indication of their ineffectiveness. The persistence of corruption has resulted in poor national image, thereby shaping negative international perception about Nigeria. The politicisation of Nigeria’s anti-corruption crusade has undermined international support and created uncertainty in the country’s quest for the recovery of its looted national funds.

Practical implications

The negative perception of the international community about the commitment of the Nigerian Government in fighting corruption has negative implications on the strategic partnership necessary for loot recovery across the globe.

Social implications

The overall social implication is loss of global support for Nigeria’s anti-corruption drive, including its quest to recover its stolen national assets and other forms of international assistance for national development.

Originality/value

The value of this study is two-fold, one, its recency and originality in terms of interrogating the interconnections between domestic efforts at anti-corruption and global perception of such efforts; and two, the contextualisation of the compromised efficiency of Nigeria’s anti-graft agenda and its overall implications in securing global support for external loot recovery.
The influence of Power’s audit society in environmental and sustainability accounting
Authors: Bebbington Jan , Larrinaga Carlos
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to reflect upon the contribution of the Mike Power’s Audit Society and associated papers from the 1990s to the (then) emerging field of environmental accounting. The paper also looks forward to how these seminal ideas are influenced by accounting in the Anthropocene, as examined in more recent sustainability accounting literature.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a reflective essay, drawing from the broad sweep of social, environmental and sustainability accounting literature.

Findings

The performativity of accounting and audit, as it pertains to the practices of environmental audit and sustainability reporting, is clearly evident, with Power’s work contributing significantly to this conceptualisation. At the same time, there is also a material dimension to this process. Indeed, distinguishing first and second-order risk (drawing from Power and others) is a critical and ongoing task for sustainability accounting.

Originality/value

We suggest that the Anthropocene offers challenges to the notion of the performativity of audit and reporting.
A review of existing and potential blue carbon contributions to climate change mitigation in the Anthropocene
Authors: Gao Guang , Beardall John , Jin Peng , Gao Lin , Xie Shuyu , Gao Kunshan
Published: April 2022

The atmospheric concentration of CO2 is steadily increasing and causing climate change. To achieve the Paris 1.5 or 2°C target, negative emission technologies must be deployed in addition to reducing carbon emissions. The ocean is a large carbon sink but the potential of marine primary producers to contribute to carbon neutrality remains unclear.

Here we review the alterations to carbon capture and sequestration of marine primary producers (including traditional ‘blue carbon’ plants, microalgae and macroalgae) in the Anthropocene, and, for the first time, assess and compare the potential of various marine primary producers to carbon neutrality and climate change mitigation via biogeoengineering approaches.

The contributions of marine primary producers to carbon sequestration have been decreasing in the Anthropocene due to the decrease in biomass driven by direct anthropogenic activities and climate change. The potential of blue carbon plants (mangroves, saltmarshes and seagrasses) is limited by the available areas for their revegetation. Microalgae appear to have a large potential due to their ubiquity but how to enhance their carbon sequestration efficiency is very complex and uncertain. On the other hand, macroalgae can play an essential role in mitigating climate change through extensive offshore cultivation due to higher carbon sequestration capacity and substantial available areas. This approach seems both technically and economically feasible due to the development of offshore aquaculture and a well‐established market for macroalgal products.

Synthesis and applications. This paper provides new insights and suggests promising directions for utilizing marine primary producers to achieve the Paris temperature target. We propose that macroalgae cultivation can play an essential role in attaining carbon neutrality and climate change mitigation, although its ecological impacts need to be assessed further.
Exploring the relevance of intersectionality in Australian dietetics: Issues of diversity and representation
Authors: Delbridge Robyn , Jovanovski Natalie , Skues Jason , Belski Regina
Published: April 2022

Through an exploration of the origins of dietetics in the West, and specifically in Australia, we problematise the lack of diversity within the profession through the lens of intersectionality. Dietetics in Australia continues to be dominated by Australian‐born women, and ideologies about dietitians perpetuate narratives of white, young, slim, women. Intersectional approaches to critiquing diversity in dietetics provides a useful framework to extend critical studies of health disparities into disparities in the dietetics professional workforce, which is advanced through structural, political and representational intersectionality guided critique. Through the analysis, a dialog is prompted in order to chart paths forward to find ‘how differences will find expression’ within the professional group. To do this, dietetics as a profession must reckon with its historical roots and step forward, out of a perceived position of objective neutrality regarding people and diversity, and into a position that can recognise that professional institutions have the power to exclude and marginalise, along with the power to include and transform.
False Beliefs and Consent to Sex
Authors: Dsouza Mark
Published: April 2022

When, if ever, do mistaken beliefs render sexual activity non‐consensual despite a person's seeming consent? I suggest that existing answers can be improved upon by paying due attention to two things, (1) that valid consent is often given through exercises of sexual autonomy that are, to different extents, unreflective rather than considered; and (2) that a belief can define both the object of consent, and a precondition for it. I propose that where V putatively consents to sexual activity with D, the falseness of a belief that V holds renders the sexual activity non‐consensual when it means either that what happened to V fell outside the (consideredly or unreflectively selected) boundaries of the object of V's consent, or that a precondition that V consideredly set for her consent, had not been met.
AHLS‐pred: a novel sequence‐based predictor of acyl‐homoserine‐lactone synthases using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Hu Jie , Wang Jin , Li Jiahao , Hu Haidong , Wu Bin , Ren Hongqiang , Wang Jinfeng
Published: April 2022

Acyl‐homoserine‐lactones (AHLs), as the major quorum sensing (QS) signalling molecules in Gram‐negative bacteria, have shown great application potential in regulating biological nutrient removal process. The identification of AHLs synthases plays an essential role in in‐depth research on QS mechanisms and applications of biological wastewater treatment processes. This work proposed the first prediction model for AHLs synthases based on machine learning algorithms, namely, AHLS‐pred. The training dataset AHLS1400 and the independent testing dataset AHLS132 for AHLSs prediction were first established. Three sequence‐based feature extraction methods are utilized to generate feature descriptors, namely, amino acid composition, dipeptide composition and G‐gap dipeptide composition respectively. Subsequently, the optimal features were obtained based on the sorted feature descriptors (in F‐score order) and the sequential forward search strategy. By comparing five different machine learning algorithms, the final prediction model is trained with support vector machine classifier on AHLS1400 in fivefold cross‐validation with the best performance (ACC = 99.43%, MCC = 0.989, AUC = 0.997). The results show that AHLS‐pred achieves an ACC of 94.70%, MCC of 0.894 and AUC of 0.995 on the independent testing dataset AHLS132. It demonstrates that AHLS‐pred is a promising and powerful prediction method for accelerating the process of AHLSs computational identification.
Does acute alcohol consumption increase risk‐taking while gambling? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Horn Tori L. , Whelan James P. , Weil Gregory T.
Published: April 2022

Aims

To estimate the effect of acute alcohol consumption on risk‐taking while gambling, examine blood alcohol concentration as a moderator and explore possible moderators of this effect.

Design, Setting and Participants

A systematic review and meta‐analysis was completed. A Boolean search strategy was used to identify studies that included (a) alcohol consumption as an independent variable; (b) a gambling or risk‐taking task; (c) a control or placebo comparison; (d) human participants; and (e) English publications. Descriptive information, sample characteristics and experimental data were extracted from each study. Searched databases included: PsycINFO, Web of Science, Medline, Cochrane Library and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Included as participants were experiments that compared the effects of alcohol and non‐alcoholic or placebo beverages on risk‐taking while gambling.

Measurement

Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis version 3.3.070 was used. Standardized mean differences of risk‐taking while gambling between the experimental and control conditions were calculated when studies did not report effect sizes. Random‐effects models were used for overall effect and meta‐regressions while mixed‐effects models were used for subgroup analyses.

Findings

Twenty articles containing 47 alcohol versus control comparisons met inclusion criteria. The overall Hedges’g for the difference between groups consuming alcohol and groups consuming a placebo or non‐alcoholic drink control was 0.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.07, 0.12, p = 0.60, indicating no significant difference. Larger effect sizes were found for studies using non‐alcoholic control drinks (Hedges’ g = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.01, 0.58) compared to placebo beverages (Hedges’ g = −0.03, 95% CI = −0.13, 0.06), Cochran’s Q = 4.67, p = 0.03.

Conclusions

Finding that acute alcohol consumption had no reliable effect on risk‐taking while gambling was consistent with existing animal research. No support was found for the relation between alcohol dose and risk‐taking. The significantly larger effect size for experiments using non‐alcoholic versus placebo beverages suggests the potential role of expectancy effects.
Liver resection for large and huge hepatocellular carcinoma: Predictors of failure, recurrence patterns, and prognoses
Authors: Xiang Cailing , Xiao Yating , Ma Zhongzhi , Peng Yuchong , Li Xun , Mao Xianhai , Li Lequn
Published: April 2022

Background

Characteristic symptoms and signs are often absent in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). As a result, many patients are not diagnosed until their tumors have grown to large (> 5cm) or huge sizes (> 10cm). Liver resection has traditionally been reserved for patients with small HCC, but more recently it is being used for patients with large and huge tumors. The aim of this study was to determine risk predictors of recurrence, patterns of recurrence, and survival rates for large and huge HCC patients who underwent curative liver resection.

Materials and methods

We retrospectively identified a subgroup of patients who underwent liver resection for HCC with diameters 5 cm or larger. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) rates were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to investigate potential risk factors for recurrence and death.

Results

Among 897 patients, the median follow‐up was 48 (range, 5–140) months. The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year RFS rates were 51.6%, 36.1%, and 30.1%, respectively, and OS rates were 80.2%, 55.4%, and 47.7%, respectively. Significant independent predictors of recurrence were preoperative satellite nodule (HR = 2.25; 95% CI, 1.17–4.31; p = .02), preoperative AFP levels above 400 ng/ml (HR = 1.23; 95% CI, 1.04–1.45; p = .01), resection margins of 1 cm or less (HR = 1.21; 95% CI, 1.00–1.46; p = .047), cirrhosis (HR = 2.64; 95% CI, 2.13–3.28; p < .001), and microvascular invasion (HR = 1.71; 95% CI, 1.45–2.20; p < .001). All of these except narrow resection margin were also independent risk factors of OS.

Conclusions

Hepatic resection for patients with large and huge HCC without hepatic vascular invasion, extrahepatic metastases, or severe chronic liver disease results in acceptable long‐term outcomes.
Development of the Cold Urticaria Activity Score
Authors: Ahsan Dalia Melina , Altrichter Sabine , Gutsche Annika , Bernstein Jonathan A. , Altunergil Tatjana , Brockstaedt Maxi , Maurer Marcus , Weller Karsten , Terhorst‐Molawi Dorothea
Published: April 2022

Background

Cold urticaria (ColdU) is a form of inducible urticaria where cold induces wheals and/or angioedema. The burden of disease is high and linked to trigger thresholds, exposure, and avoidance. There are presently no validated patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) to assess and monitor disease activity. Our objective was to develop a disease‐specific activity score for ColdU that is easy to administer and evaluate.

Methods

A Cold Urticaria Activity Score (ColdUAS) questionnaire was developed, directed by PROM developing guidelines. After the generation of a conceptional framework, the item generation phase included the literature research on ColdU signs and symptoms and on comparable tools for similar diseases and 47 ColdU patient interviews. Subsequently, an impact analysis for content validity was performed. The final selection of items underwent expert review for face validity and cognitive debriefing.

Results

The ColdUAS, a self‐administered questionnaire for the prospective assessment of disease activity in patients with ColdU, consists of 4 items: 1. the frequency and severity of the signs (wheals and/or angioedema), 2. the frequency and severity of the symptoms (e.g., itch and burn), 3. the exposure to specific triggers, and 4. the avoidance of these triggers. The recall period for each item is the last 24 h.

Conclusions

The ColdUAS is the first disease‐specific PROM to assess ColdU disease activity. It may help to better assess patients' disease status in routine clinical practice as well as in clinical trials. Anchor‐based approaches are currently used to validate the ColdUAS.
Short‐ and long‐term effects of body weight, calorie restriction and gastric bypass on CYP1A2, CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 activity
Authors: Kvitne Kine Eide , Krogstad Veronica , Wegler Christine , Johnson Line Kristin , Kringen Marianne K. , Hovd Markus Herberg , Hertel Jens K. , Heijer Maria , Sandbu Rune , Skovlund Eva , Artursson Per , Karlsson Cecilia , Andersson Shalini , Andersson Tommy B. , Hjelmesæth Jøran , Åsberg Anders , Jansson‐Löfmark Rasmus , Christensen Hege , Robertsen Ida
Published: April 2022

Aim

Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) may influence drug disposition due to surgery‐induced gastrointestinal alterations and/or subsequent weight loss. The objective was to compare short‐ and long‐term effects of RYGB and diet on the metabolic ratios of paraxanthine/caffeine (cytochrome P450 [CYP] 1A2 activity), 5‐hydroxyomeprazole/omeprazole (CYP2C19 activity) and losartan/losartan carboxylic acid (CYP2C9 activity), and cross‐sectionally compare these CYP‐activities with normal‐to‐overweight controls.

Methods

This trial included patients with severe obesity preparing for RYGB (n = 40) or diet‐induced (n = 41) weight loss, and controls (n = 18). Both weight loss groups underwent a 3‐week low‐energy diet (<1200 kcal/day, weeks 0‐3) followed by a 6‐week very‐low‐energy diet or RYGB (both <800 kcal/day, weeks 3‐9). Follow‐up time was 2 years, with four pharmacokinetic investigations.

Results

Mean ± SD weight loss from baseline was similar in the RYGB‐group (13 ± 2.4%) and the diet group (10.5 ± 3.9%) at week 9, but differed at year 2 (RYGB −30 ± 6.9%, diet −3.1 ± 6.3%). From weeks 0 to 3, mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) CYP2C19 activity similarly increased in both groups (RYGB 43% [16, 55], diet 48% [22, 60]). Mean CYP2C19 activity increased by 30% (2.6, 43) after RYGB (weeks 3‐9), but not in the diet‐group (between‐group difference −0.30 [−0.63, 0.03]). CYP2C19 activity remained elevated in the RYGB group at year 2. Baseline CYP2C19 activity was 2.7‐fold higher in controls compared with patients with obesity, whereas no difference was observed in CYP1A2 and CYP2C9 activities.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that CYP2C19 activity is lower in patients with obesity and increases following weight loss. This may be clinically relevant for drug dosing. No clinically significant effect on CYP1A2 and CYP2C9 activities was observed.
Using Personal‐Disclosure Mutual‐Sharing (PDMS) with first‐year undergraduate students transitioning to higher education
Authors: Evans Andrew L. , Slater Matthew J. , Turner Martin J.
Published: April 2022

Background

Using Personal‐Disclosure Mutual‐Sharing (PDMS) with students transitioning to Higher Education (HE) has yet to be researched in education.

Aims

In two studies, we aimed to explore the immediate effects of a Coping Oriented Personal‐Disclosure Mutual‐Sharing (COPDMS) intervention on first‐year undergraduate students’ relational and organizational identification, perceived social support availability, and self‐efficacy for learning and performance. In our second study, we also aimed to examine student‐perceptions of participating in a COPDMS intervention.

Sample and Methods

At the beginning of induction week in both studies, first‐year undergraduate students on the same degree programme at a HE provider in England received an education session where COPDMS was introduced. Students participated in a COPDMS session a few days later. During COPDMS sessions, students mutually‐shared and disclosed personal information and/or stories relating to transitional experiences.

Results

Across both studies, students’ relational identification with staff and perceived emotional, esteemed, and informational support availability from others on the degree programme significantly increased from pre‐ to post‐COPDMS phases. Findings relating to relational identification with other Year 1 students and perceived availability of tangible support were mixed. No significant changes occurred for organizational identification with the university and self‐efficacy for learning and performance. In Study 2, five higher‐order themes relating to students’ perceptions of COPDMS were found: (1) emotionality; (2) personal development; (3) storytelling; (4) enhanced group processes; and (5) task appropriateness and value.

Conclusions

Study findings provide evidence that COPDMS is a useful psychological intervention to deliver to students transitioning to HE. Practical considerations, limitations, and future research suggestions are provided.
Innovation energy: The stimulus converting employees' innovation properties into innovative work behaviour
Authors: van Essen Henk Jan , de Leede Jan , Bondarouk Tanya
Published: April 2022

Anticipating the post‐Covid‐19 period, the need for innovation remains urgent, with the innovative work behaviour (IWB) exhibited by employees being a crucial aspect. Since Scott and Bruce (1994) wrote about this behaviour, many IWB‐related factors have been found. In this study, we distinguished various employees' personal innovation properties as IWB‐related factors: creativity, psychological empowerment, optimism and work‐contextual factors like room for autonomy, leadership, multidisciplinary innovative teamwork and external contacts. In our qualitative research within two innovative Dutch companies (Philips and Topicus), we interviewed 49 employees, most with a high degree of IWB, and their 22 managers to uncover the relation between the factors and IWB. Earlier research provided rich information about IWB and its factors, mostly from an organizational viewpoint. Our research focuses on the employees themselves, who are showing IWB. We assumed at the start of our research that in addition to these factors, there must be an overall energetic stimulus, because innovation is a process with many obstacles. Therefore, we introduce the concept of innovation energy, which converts employees' innovation properties into innovative work behaviour. This outcome can be used in further research and in the managerial and HRM practice.
Developmental foundations of physiological dynamics among mother–infant dyads: The role of newborn neurobehavior
Authors: Gao Mengyu (Miranda) , Speck Bailey , Ostlund Brendan , Neff Dylan , Shakiba Nila , Vlisides‐Henry Robert D. , Kaliush Parisa R. , Molina Nicolette C. , Thomas Leah , Raby K. Lee , Crowell Sheila E. , Conradt Elisabeth
Published: April 2022

This study tested whether newborn attention and arousal provide a foundation for the dynamics of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) in mother–infant dyads. Participants were 106 mothers (Mage = 29.54) and their 7‐month‐old infants (55 males and 58 White and non‐Hispanic). Newborn attention and arousal were measured shortly after birth using the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale. Higher newborn arousal predicted a slower return of infant RSA to baseline. Additionally, greater newborn attention predicted mothers’ slower return to baseline RSA following the still‐face paradigm, and this effect only held for mothers whose infants had lower newborn arousal. These findings suggest that newborn neurobehavior, measured within days of birth, may contribute to later mother–infant physiological processes while recovering from stress.
‘Sentí que Alguien Murió’ (‘I felt someone died’): Ambiguous loss in the face of parental deportation
Authors: Taschman Katrina , Muruthi Bertranna A. , Thompson Cañas Reid E. , Romero Lindsey
Published: April 2022

Over 16 million people in the United States belong to a mixed‐status family in which at least one member of their household is undocumented. The current study will explore adult reflections on childhood experiences of parental deportation in order to elucidate their meaning of the loss and if their experiences resemble an ambiguous loss. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was utilized to analyse in‐depth retrospective meaning‐making narratives of adult children who lost a parent to deportation. Findings indicate that the children of detained or deported parents experienced difficulty not knowing what was happening, believed their parents would return, and noted family practices that they found to be helpful or unhelpful in processing their loss.