bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RATING ASSESSMENT IN MAKING FINANCIAL DECISIONS BY METHODS OF MULTI-CRITERIA ANALYSIS
Authors: Berezhna Lesya , Snytuk Oksana
Published: June 2021

The article attempts to reveal the problems of decision support processes by consumers of banking services. Choosing the best financial strategy always requires significant mathematical tools. The comparison of methodological tools for making management decisions has allowed us to identify groups of methods. The most common among them are game theory, multidimensional ranking and multi-criteria analysis, a fairly modern method exploring alternative options using multi-objective optimization without certain shortcomings of the first two methods. The main purpose of the study is to adapt the methods of multi-criteria analysis and to form universal tools to substantiate management decisions on the optimal financial strategy.

We suggest a methodological approach based on the use of multi-criteria assessment tools, for the rating assessment of possible alternatives in making financial decisions, namely Smart method to determine the weighting factors of the evaluation criteria and TOPSIS method to assess the optimum banking institution from the perspective of bank depositors. The article pays special attention to highlighting and describing the hierarchy of the task of choosing a depository financial institution and the main features of strategic alternatives. To assess the banks’ ratings we set up the system of generalized criteria including three groups, each of which by means of decomposition is divided into 11 partial criteria, which have monotonically increasing target functions (except for "additional associated costs"). Initial data in the form of a constructed "decision matrix" according to certain particular criteria are formed on the basis of statistical and expert information. We have chosen the end of 2020 ‒ beginning of 2021 as the research period for utilizing up-to-date information.

The research of rating assessment in the article is carried out in the following logical sequence: analysis of existing methods of financial decision-making support and the significance of modern methods of multi-criteria analysis among them, a thorough problem statement from the perspective of the banks’ services consumers, singling out the list of alternatives and their estimation criteria, substantiating the values of the weighting coefficients of generalized and particular criteria by the SMART method, practical application of the TOPSIS method algorithm to select the best alternative and recommendations for making a financial decision. Therefore by means of mathematical calculations the article justifies the choice of the optimum strategy by a consumer of financial services of the banking institution offering the most attractive conditions for opening an account.

Thus, the study empirically confirms and theoretically proves that the use of modern economic and mathematical methods, in particular the TOPSIS method, helps the consumer of banking services in supporting of making well-considered and optimum management decisions, taking into account the previously set evaluation criteria.
INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF ORGANIZATION OF ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES
Authors: Odintsov Oleh , Ilchenko Natalia , Lyashov Dmytro
Published: June 2021

The article considers the international experience of the organization of administrative services in the system of public services. The international experience of providing administrative services by the authorities in Germany, Poland, the Netherlands, Great Britain, Canada, and the USA is studied. Positive experience in solving the problems of organizing the provision of quality administrative services by the authorities of these countries has been revealed. Possibilities of using international experience in providing administrative services in Ukraine have been studied. Emphasis is placed on the prospects of the Polish experience in the provision of administrative services, in particular on the policy of reducing communication between providers and consumers of administrative services while maintaining the quality of these services, as well as active involvement of the private sector in the service delivery process. The German experience of improving the organization of administrative services may be relevant. The establishment of a mechanism for the provision of administrative services states that a removal of public authorities, in particular local governments, from the direct course of service provision is sufficiently effective and realistic example. In this case, the authorities are given only the functions of control and supervision, which allows them to perform more important tasks. The introduction of a quality management system in government has enabled individuals and legal entities to receive services at a decent level. In the selection of employees who perform the functions of providing services to citizens, in addition to professional qualities, attention is also paid to personal qualities, because close contact with customers involves the impact of the human factor on service activities. As a result of all administrative reforms in the country, multi-channel access to various services has been organized on a "single window" basis and a feature of positive changes in the public sphere based on the culture of national identity the culture of statehood. Ways to improve the provision of administrative services in public administration are proposed. Practical recommendations for improving the organization of administrative services in the country are provided.
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE ASSESSMENT OF THE TAX POTENTIAL OF THE REGIONS OF UKRAINE
Authors: Demydenko Svitlana , Demydenko Viktor
Published: June 2021

The article considers the essence and main properties of the tax potential of the region. The structure of tax potential, including three main components – realized, unrealized and forecasted ones – is studied. It is proved that the main sources of tax potential formation are potential tax revenues, opportunities of taxpayers, tax base resources and rates.

The results of an analysis of tax revenues structure in Consolidated Budget of Ukraine for 2013–2019 have shown that the actual tax revenues, forming the realized component of the tax potential, occupy the largest share among all types of budget revenues. The main budget-forming taxes in Ukraine are personal income tax, value added tax, corporate income tax, and excise tax.

The characteristics of the existing methods of assessing the tax potential in the region, their advantages and disadvantages are given. To assess the tax potential of the regions in Ukraine, the method using the index of tax potential based on gross regional product has been applied. The analysis of the tax potential index has allowed to systematize the regions of Ukraine into groups according to the indicator of tax capacity, to objectively assess the real income opportunities of each region in the country and to prove that the factors of influence on increasing tax potential should be the growth of gross regional product and income. It is proved that the assessment of tax potential is an important step in the system of tax planning and forecasting, which is based on information about the level of potential income. Based on the results of the assessment of the tax potential of the regions, it is advisable to develop measures aimed at expanding and improving the structure of the tax base, which may be prospects for further development in this area.
INTRODUCTION OF ELECTRONIC DOCUMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Odintsov Oleh , Ilchenko Natalia , Kryzhanivska Liudmyla
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the introduction of electronic document management technologies in public administration. Peculiarities of introduction of electronic document management system in public authorities are analyzed. Regulations on electronic document management in public administration are studied in detail. The main problems faced by organizations during the introduction of electronic document management are summarized. The main advantages and disadvantages of the organization of electronic document management in public administration bodies are systematized. The following advantages of electronic document management technologies are revealed: integrated approach to electronic document management planning, saving time and resources, creating a single information space, facilitating document management, the effect of long-term use and successful implementation of electronic document management system, which helps managers and employees work more productively. Innovative technologies for the development of electronic document management in public administration are analyzed. The efficiency of management mechanisms in public authorities is substantiated, taking into account a set of external and internal factors of influence, development trends in a competitive environment and the need to organize the rationality and quality of the process of implementing electronic document management. The main purpose of the introduction of electronic document management technologies in public administration is to rid public authorities of the routine, clumsy, bureaucratic machine of traditional office work.
The Relevance of Inquiry-Based Learning in Basic Reading Skills Exercises for Improving Student Learning Outcomes in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Authors: Aslan Aslan
Published: June 2021

This study discussed inquiry-based learning activities in reading skills training students in Madrasah Ibtidayah and elementary schools in Indonesia. In learning to understand according to Islam, reading skills receive special attention from other skills such as speaking, listening, and writing skills. Get an understanding and application of strengthening reading learning that can be started from the elementary school level, and this theme will be discussed with the literature review method from national and international journal publications. A descriptive qualitative design study will be a method of analyzing a series of data. The review process involves a phenomenological approach, coding systems, and critical evaluation to produce data findings to answer our research themes that meet the findings' validity and reliability. Finally, we can conclude our findings, among others, that the ten publications and literature have confirmed that the application of inquiry-based learning approaches is very relevant to be applied in the learning environment of elementary madrasah schools. Thus these findings will be useful to whichever party
PENGEMBANGAN MANAJEMEN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN AKADEMIK
Authors: Sari Vista Firda
Published: June 2021

Strategi yang paling tepat dalam meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan akademik pada perguruan tinggi adalah dengan meningkatkan variabel yang ada pada kualitas pelayanan secara nyata, keandalan, responsivitas, jaminan, dan empati, dengan dibuktikan dengan ketersesuaian yang ada di lapangan, di antaranya kesesuaian kurikulum antara harapan dan kenyataan, kesesuaian sarana dan prasarana perkuliahan antara harapan dan kenyatan, kesesuaian pelaksanaan perkuliahan antara harapan dan kenyataan, dan kesesuaian pembimbing akademik antara harapan dan kesesuaian.
THE INFLUENCE OF MEDIA LEARNING SIGUM IN THE PANDEMIC TIME COVID-19
Authors: Salamudin Salamudin , Kelana Anda , Muslim Muslim , Nirwan Nirwan , Suriono Zuhud
Published: June 2021

Covid-19 has been declared a pandemic since the beginning of 2020 causing the learning process to be carried out from home with an online system at all levels of education. This study aims to determine how much influence the GIS Learning Media will have during the Pandemic. This type of research is a qualitative research based on literature study. This research was conducted at SMK Negeri 2 Binjai. The results showed that: (1) Students already have basic facilities that are used to carry out online learning with GIS learning media; (2) online learning with SIGUM learning media is very flexible in its implementation and is able to encourage independent learning and motivation to be more active in participating in learning; and (3) Learning using SIGUM learning media is included in innovative learning, which of course has weaknesses and strengths. In essence, innovative learning requires teacher creativity in designing, arranging and conditioning students so that they are enthusiastic in learning, have the ability to think, solve problems faced correctly, especially problems related to everyday life and the world of work later.Keywords: Learning Media, SIGUM, Pandemic Covid-19
Techno-animism or the Magical Existence of Technical Objects
Authors:   CICANT / Lusófona University, Bogalheiro Manuel
Published: June 2021

If, on the one hand, the classic notion of artefact presupposes inert objects and a reliability between the user and the uses that can be extracted from the objects, on the other hand, it is recognized a suspicion that technical objects and their operative schemes, the machines and the “artificial” solutions contain in themselves an inauthentic and adulterating nature, a power of cunning and trickery capable of emancipate and process in autonomous forms, regardless of the uses and apprehensions that humans, their operators, may make. The western imaginary of technics would thus have been constituted under presuppositions that, together with the formal laws of mechanics or the cold mathematics that governs any grammar of codes, projected a animistic and a magical dimension in all the artificiality that allowed to manipulate the original productivity of nature. With the emergence of digital technologies and the general informatization of artefacts, this dimension took shape in what Philip K. Dick would consider to be a techno-animism tendency and that ubiquitous computing and internet of things would materialize in the era of so-called cognitive capitalism. In this paper, we seek to approach techno-animism as a speculative aesthetics that, by projecting a life into technical objects, inscribes in them an alterity and a strangeness that could enhance other perspectives beyond the usual uses and relationships that we take for granted and that hide objects, as well as the political or commercial strategies that mobilize them. Enchanting technical objects is, on the one hand, creating a possibility to suspend them from their instrumental flows and, on the other, installing a weird or magical realism that disturbs the articulations of a mere and exclusively human reality.
El siglo XVIII
Authors: Torres Puga Gabriel
Published: June 2021

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Los entresijos académicos de un episodio heroico: Reforma, Intervención e Imperio
Authors: Pani Erika
Published: June 2021

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Recuerdos plurales de una breve dirección
Authors: Lida Clara E.
Published: June 2021

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¿Ventanas al Mundo? Las relaciones internacionales
Authors: Riguzzi Paolo , Zuleta María Cecilia
Published: June 2021

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Migración, naturalización y exilios
Authors: Yankelevich Pablo
Published: June 2021

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Capacidad de resiliencia en pacientes oncológicos al principio y al final de la enfermedad
Authors: Hauché Rocío Anabel , Pedrón Valeria Teresa
Published: June 2021

En la presente investigación se buscó comparar la capacidad de resiliencia entre sujetos adultos (M= 43.0, DS= 12.0) en fase diagnóstico (i.e., proceso y diagnóstico) (n=30) y en fase de supervivencia (i.e., post tratamiento) (n=30) de la evolución de la enfermedad oncológica. Se administró un cuestionario sociodemográfico y la Escala de Resiliencia. Los resultados indicaron que los pacientes que se encontraban en la fase de supervivencia tenían mayor capacidad de resiliencia que los pacientes en fase de diagnóstico. Por otro lado, las mujeres que reportaban poseer apoyo familiar y quiénes se encontraban en tratamiento psicológico presentaban mayores niveles de resiliencia. Estos resultados apoyan la importancia de realizar intervenciones centradas en la influencia de factores psicológicos relevantes, tendientes a reforzar la capacidad de resiliencia durante la fase de diagnóstico, de modo de promover la salud mental en el proceso oncológico para la optimización y mejora en los resultados del tratamiento.
Testi és társadalmi nem, szexuális orientáció
Authors: Vitrai Sára
Published: June 2021

A szexuális nevelés témájában gyakran felmerülnek a nemi szerepekhez, szexuális orientációhoz hasonló kifejezések, amelyeknek rövid magyarázatát adja ez a cikk. Az emberek szexuális vágyai és adottságai sokfélék lehetnek, amit fontos észben tartanunk, amikor szexuális nevelésről beszélünk. Amennyiben csak cisznemű, heteroszexuális és monogám emberekről ejtünk szót, sok fiatal kívülállónak érezheti magát, vagy úgy gondolhatja, az elhangzott tájékoztatás nem vonatkozik rá, esetleg a számára releváns információ nem is hangzik el.
Támpontok az egészségfejlesztéssel kapcsolatos kutatásokhoz - Következtetések a 2015-ös Egészségfejlesztés folyóiratban ismertetett kutatások áttekintése alapján
Authors: Tóth Gergely
Published: June 2021

Az Egészségfejlesztés folyóirat szerkesztősége a megújulása során fokozott figyelmet kíván szentelni annak, hogy tudományos szempontból minél magasabb színvonalat képviseljen. Ezen törekvésbe illeszkedik jelen munka is, amely a korábbi számokban megjelent írások alapján rá kíván mutatni eleddig előforduló általánosabb jellegű kutatás-módszertani problémákra. Ennek célja nem az eddigi tanulmányok kritikája, hanem hogy a jövőbeni munkák számára segítséget nyújtson, és hibás gyakorlatok csökkenő mértékben forduljanak elő. Ennek megfelelően konkrét ajánlásokat és támpontokat is igyekeztünk megfogalmazni írásunkban. Rövid elemzésünkben a 2015-ös évben az Egészségfejlesztésben megjelent kutatásokat tartalmazó tanulmányok nemzetközi ajánlásokon alapuló szisztematikus áttekintését végeztük el, ami alapján számos problémát azonosítottunk. Ezek közül a legalapvetőbbeknek a mintaválasztás és kutatási design téves gyakorlatait és a levont következtetések tévesen általánosító jellegét találtuk.
Economic Analysis of International Interaction: International Economics and International Political Economy
Authors: Оleinov A. G.
Published: June 2021

The article focuses on two major fields of economic analysis of international interaction: international economics and international political economy. Each of the areas is considered through its formal methodological foundations. An attempt to formulate a general theoretical and methodological foundations of economic analysis of international interaction is made.
The Initial Evaluation of the Economic Effects of the Customs Union Operating Process within the Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC)
Authors: Ratushnyak E. S.
Published: June 2021

This note provides an initial estimation of some of the economic effects of the customs union operating process within the Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC) and the single economic space,statistical data on mutual trade between the states of the customs union both as a whole on the customs union, and separately on its members(respectively, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia), besides it provides the main results of functioning of the Customs union during the period of 2010–2011.
To Justifying of the Humanistic Theory of Complexity of Society
Authors: Kravchenko S. A.
Published: June 2021

In article problems of the introduction of mankind in the difficult society which intrinsic line is the formation which is occurring not linearly, with accompanying risks, traumas, gaps, paradoxes are considered. The author claims that adequate interpretation of these processes does necessary humanistic turn in sociology. Respectively, the interdisciplinary humanistic theory of complexity which itself is at a formation stage, is capable to prove approaches to implementation of humanistically focused modernization of the Russian society.
Value - Orientated Approach to the Study of Socio-Economic Problems of the Organization of the Innovation Community
Authors: Chepyuk O. R.
Published: June 2021

The author presents a review of scientific papers and methodological manuals on the researching of innovation community problems. It is stated that different approaches can be applied to analyze national innovation systems and clusters. Special attention is given to the value-based approach. That enables to find out ways and methods how to build a high effective innovation system and social-stable innovation community.
Non-Linear Development of Society and Nоn-Economic Capital
Authors: Fedotov L. N.
Published: June 2021

The paper focuses on nonlinear sociocultural dynamics inherent in a number of modern development processes. New approaches which reject the linear interpretation of social development and take into account its complexity and risks are discussed in the paper. The author analyses the types of non-economic capital (human, intellectual, social, cultural, sembolic and environmental) and their influence on the processes of the development and modernization.
Arlen Vaagovich Meliksetov (January 1, 1930 – February 15, 2006)
Authors: Stepanova N. V.
Published: June 2021

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The Political System of Contemporary Japan
Authors: Lounyev S. I.
Published: June 2021

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Annual Scientific Conference of Philosophy Chair
Authors: Silantyeva M. V.
Published: June 2021

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Pedagogics and Getting Foreign Affairs Specialists Prepared
Authors: Torkunov A. V.
Published: June 2021

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Historical and theoretical justification of Movement of non-alignment
Authors: Pavlov I. I.
Published: June 2021

In the article the author draws attention to the subject of the Non-Aligned Movement, examines key periods of its evolvement as well as compares various points of view on the role and place of the Non-Aligned Movement in the contemporary world. More importantly, the author regards as one of the crucial problems the question of a further organization's development within the confines of current international relations; as well as analyses following transformation of its goals and aims in response to the threats of the changing world.
National and cultural conditionality of indirect communication
Authors: Gurevich T. M.
Published: June 2021

Research issues related to indirect communication engaged paralinguistics studying the factors that accompany speech communication and engaged in the transfer of information. The funds, which are called paralinguistic can give meaning to a variety of shades of expression, including direct antonymous sense, transmitted verbally.
The Methodology of Sociological Research in the Composit Society
Authors: Trufanov A. Y.
Published: June 2021

The article highlights the problems encountered in sociological research, the customer is State authorities of subjects of the Russian Federation. Also the article discusses the methods of picking the participants of placing the order as an open electronic auction, open tender, quoted bid. The article contents comparative analysis of given methods, considers their benefits and limitations, touches on the practical questions associated with the funtioning one or the other method.
Adaptation to Social Complexity
Authors: Negrova M. S.
Published: June 2021

Modern Society as a Complex Dynamic System is Affected by Unforeseen Fluctuations. By Historical Standards, the Recent Introduction of the Nonlinear Approach into the Scientific World Picture put the Classical Understanding of Space and Time to the Obstruction. Consequently, there Appeared the Problem of Human Adaptation and his Worldview to the Asserting Complexity of the Society
The Problem of Logico-Philosophical Origins of the Category of Modality
Authors: Selezneva T. A.
Published: June 2021

The article represents theoreticomethodological analysis of linguistic modality. It deals with the question of correspondence between the notions of modus and modality in philosophy and linguistics, as two related, but not identical categories. The author notices fundamental logico-philosophical conceptions of the modality and studies their impact on development of linguistic approaches to this category.
Persons and Generations. Gennady Konstantinovich Ashin
Authors: Shestopal A. V.
Published: June 2021

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Mariano Raho: Рolitical Portrait
Authors: Anikeeva N. E.
Published: June 2021

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Legal and International Aspects of Preservation and Use of a Cultural Heritage
Authors: Busygin A. E.
Published: June 2021

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Internet Activity of the Russian Higher Education Institutions in 2012 According to Webometrics
Authors: Bolshova N. N. , Kharkevich M. V.
Published: June 2021

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A Word about Sculptor Y. Zlotia
Authors: Ahtamzyan A. A.
Published: June 2021

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«The Muslim Brotherhood» and prospects of the political process in contemporary Egypt
Authors: Razhbadinov M. Z.
Published: June 2021

The article focuses on the role of the moderate islamists movement «The Muslim Brotherhood» in current political situation in Egypt. «The Muslim Brotherhood» is the most organized and powerful force in contemporary Egypt. The author deals with ideology and strategy of the movement, the relationship with other political forces, internal differences and opportunities in power. He concludes that the «Cairo effect» caused long overdue tectonic shift in the Arab region. Egypt has begun its move to build up a democratic state but with their own specifics. The future situation in the country will depend on the relationship «The Muslim Brotherhood» with the army and political secular powers. The country has just started to move in the way that Turkey did a few decades ago
Starting Up a World Class University: New Trends in Russian Higher Education
Authors: Torkunov A. V.
Published: June 2021

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Approaches to cyber weapons classification problem
Authors: Kabernik V. V.
Published: June 2021

Article focuses on the problem of classification of modern and prospective cyber weapons. Suggested complex of characteristics, based on analytical approach allows for type determination for existing and future cyber weapons. Current wider-known samples are classified and their respective niches are pointed out among different aims for cyber weapons application. Working criteria for differentiation between information warfare and practical cyber warfare is suggested for proper classification of malware, espionage toolkits, hacking tools and combat software.
The Battle of Stalingrad and the Second Front Problem
Authors: Pechatnov V. O.
Published: June 2021

Using less-known documents from American and British archives the article examines the impact of developments on Soviet-German front in late 1942 on military-political planning in U.S. and U.K. with a special emphasis on the second front problem. It is demonstrated how deeply the German defeat at Stalingrad affected Anglo-American military and intelligence estimates of situation at Soviet- German front and prospects of the war in general.
The Battle of Stalingrad in the focus of western historiography
Authors: Paderin A. A.
Published: June 2021

This article is about: The Battle of Stalingrad is drastic turning point in World War II. The Battle of Stalingrad is discussed by western historians in markedly different ways. Methods and techniques of perversion the historical significance of the Battle of Stalingrad. Different ways to expose misrepresentation of crucial events and results of the Battle of Stalingrad.
To the Question about the Ratio of Norms of Administrative and Financial Law
Authors: Petrykina N. I.
Published: June 2021

Article is devoted to the comparative analysis of norms of the administrative and financial law on the basis of comparison of a subject and a method of the administrative and financial law and other characteristics.
The National Human Capital in Modern Russia: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Shestopal A. V.
Published: June 2021

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Human Capital and Culture
Authors: Dolgov K. M.
Published: June 2021

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The culture of creativity - a condition of flourishing Russia
Authors: Glagolev V. S.
Published: June 2021

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Universities as part of the national human capital
Authors: Repina M. I.
Published: June 2021

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The Values of Human Capital
Authors: Panfilova T. V.
Published: June 2021

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Speech Image of German Politicians as an Expression of Language Picture of the World.
Authors: Kryachkova A. P.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the article is to give a general notion of the meanings “language picture of the world” and “speech image” and identify the relationship of these meanings in cultural linguistics. The author describes German language picture of the world and its development in German politicians’ speech image.
Belonogov A.M. – "One of Our Outstanding Diplomats"
Authors: Podtserob A. B.
Published: June 2021

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Orientalist Vladimir Ivanovich Goryunov
Authors: Gladkova E. I.
Published: June 2021

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"Red Сaptains" 1930: Structure, Relationships, Destiny
Authors: Paderin A. A.
Published: June 2021

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American Assistance to Israel: Origins, Structure, Dynamics
Authors: Degterev D. A. , Stepkin E. A.
Published: June 2021

This article provides an analysis of the U.S. foreign assistance to Israel. It shows the evolution, structure and key trends of aid flows in 1949-2012. Particular emphasis is placed on military assistance to Israel, aimed to provide Qualitative military edge (QME) of the country in the Middle East and to ensure regional stability. The game-theoretic analysis in particular the repeated games is applied in order to understand the mechanisms of the effect of U.S. military assistance to Middle Eastern countries. The basic directions of U.S. aid (development of missile defense systems in Israel and financing of a number of civil programs) are shown. The main point of critic of U.S. foreign assistance to Israel, as well as an assessment of the influence of the «Arab Spring» and the global economic crisis on aid flows are provided.
EСONOMIC AND MONETARY UNION: CORRECTION ОF FAILURES
Authors: Tsibulina A. N.
Published: June 2021

The articles deals with the initial design failures of the European and Monetary Union which could have lead to the current sovereign debt crisis of some of its member-states. It touches upon issues such as the Theory of Optimum Currency Areas, economic imbalances and situation with the public finances within the EU. The EU makes efforts to implement new initiatives which could prevent the euro area from future crises while debates remain on the best possible options. These initiatives imply not only deepening of economic integration but also of a political one. Under these circumstances reaching a consensus in EU- 27 becomes quite a challenging process and different groupings of countries might appear and this can even more complicate decision-making and functioning of the EU. While the outcome of the reforms is still to be seen in the future, some macroeconomic indicators show that real adjustment process has started in the periphery countries due to urgent measures taken at the EU level. Nonetheless the latter ones have not yet generated what is necessary for a sustained way out of the crisis.
EUROPEAN MISSILE DEFENSE AS A NEW FORM OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION OF USA ON MISSILE DEFENSE
Authors: Degtereva E. A.
Published: June 2021

This article examines U.S. efforts to build a broad international coalition in the area of missile defense. The basic formats of military cooperation with foreign countries in the deployment of the U.S. global missile defense system are described, as well as the principles of cooperation on the part of the United States. A review of the regional missile defense systems created by the United States as an intermediate step on the way to a global missile defense system is provided. Particular emphasis is placed on the implementation of The Phased Adaptive Approach for Missile Defense in Europe (European Phased Adaptive Approach, EPAA) and the creation of Active Layered Theater Ballistic Missile Defense (ALTBMD). Specified milestones and activities under the program, as well as the practical difficulties faced by the U.S. and European countries to deploy missile defense in the context of the global economic crisis are analyzed.
THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE INTERNET FOR POLITICS
Authors: Terin V. P.
Published: June 2021

The managerial importance of the internet increasingly attracts political forces. The article deals with the internet as a political resource referring to President Obama involving the American people in his fight with the Republicans in Congress, and other similar issues of general concern. The author analyses the use of information and communication technologies in the USA political life and also makes conclusions about global tendencies of the information technologies development. After Barack Obama was elected president in the USA, information technologies have gained political significance. The author believes that Obama plans his second term in power as a turning point for the development of the country which is connected to the economic development. USA political strategy is global; the same is true for the information sphere. Barack Obama influences global politics as if it were operation system of the computer. Thus the author believes that such problems as determination of the driving forces of the Arab spring and real reasons for the USA refusal to sign new telecommunications treaty at the ITU conference in Dubai deserve special analysis taking into account the role of the information and communication technologies.
«IT IS REPARABLE HISTORICAL JUSTICE …»: FAR EAST CAMPAIGN OF 1945 IN CONSCIOUSNESS OF THE SOVIET MILITARY PERSONNEL
Authors: Senyavskaya E. S.
Published: June 2021

In this article on the basis of documentary evidence and memories of the participants of the events shows, what was the sentiments in the summer of 1945, after the victory over Germany, when the Soviet troops departed from Europe to the far East, to participate in the war with Japan, and how the Soviet command solved a difficult problem - to mobilize for perform the new military tasks people who were weary up to the limit from years of war, dreamed of a speedy return to their families and relatives on. Also review the features of the preparation for a new war veterans of European fights and “dalnevostochny stays”, with the consideration of rich combat experience of the first category of servicemen and better knowledge of the natural-climatic conditions of the forthcoming theatre of war the second category. In article analyzes massive army representation of the Japanese as a military rival and their correspondence to reality. Underestimation of the enemy in the first days of the war led to a “criminal carelessness” and losses, so the commanders had to strengthen explanatory work with staff about insidiousness of the enemy and vigilance increase. The bitterness of the fighting shows in widespread phenomenon of “kamikaze bombers. Special attention is paid to violations of the Japanese party norms of international law, the laws and customs of war. In conclusion it is shown that the military campaign of the Soviet army in the far East not only hasten the end of the Second world war and provided a new balance of strategic forces in the postwar world, but also contributed to the eventual eradication of complex of a defeated country, inherited from tsarist Russia.
REPUBLIC OF YEMEN: OVERCOMING SEPARATIST TRENDS
Authors: Fedorchenko A. V.
Published: June 2021

The article deals with ethnic and religious problems of modern Yemen. Based on the analysis of the main barriers between Yemeni societies, the author assesses the political and economic basis of separatist tendencies in the country. In the prospective part of the article the author examines the possible development of disintegration tendencies in the country. The Republic of Yemen is noted for severity and variety of domestic political, sectarian, clan challenges that still manages to soften, but are capable to split the country and lead to the establishment on its territory of the new states in the near future. Despite the fact that the change in top state leadership in Yemen after the "Arab Spring" was held on the softer model compared with Libya or Syria scenario, the transition period is not crowned with the stabilization of the political and economic situation and the onset of systemic reform. The most favorable scenario - the successful completion of a conference on National dialogue involving the main political parties and movements. This is not an easy task, given the negative attitude to this idea of the South Peace Movement and the Movement of al-Husi who are deeply involved in the conflict. Maintaining the status quo - the continuation of the armed conflict in Yemen and growth of base for international terrorism. The negative scenario - the territorial disintegration of the country. In this case, the possible are establishment of two states - South Yemen and North Yemen, as well as creation of an independent state in northern border areas adjacent to Saudi Arabia. The vast majority of the southern Yemeni officials until recently argued for its separation. Decentralization on the basis of the federal state. Separatist tendencies are gaining strength, but as a compromise the creation of a federal state should be considered. The implementation of this option is only possible as a result of peaceful national reconciliation, as well as with external support.
CORRUPTION IN GOVERNMENT AS A GLOBAL PROBLEM
Authors: Sukhanov V. A.
Published: June 2021

The article focuses on the political consequences of corruption in government. The author analyzes the foreign and domestic experience in the fight against corruption. At the turn of the twentyfirst century the problem of corruption in the government of national states is attracting continuous international attention with the increasing role of interstate agencies and transnational actors in the struggle against it. The article discusses government corruption in the making as a global contemporary problem, proves the need for closer international cooperation to succeed in fighting against it. Political will of state’s leadership and successful functioning of the civil society institutions guarantee the adoption and consistent implementation of comprehensive anti-corruption programs. Special attention is paid to the method of determining the level of corruption in state. The author proposes a set of measures, which will improve the effectiveness of the fight against corruption.
CHRISTIAN THINKERS ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS (REINHOLD NIEBUHR AND GIORGIO LA PIRA)
Authors: Zonova T. V.
Published: June 2021

The author examines the legacy of two great Christian thinkers, the American Reinhold Niebuhr and the Italian Giorgio La Pira. Reinhold Niebuhr was a protestant theologian and political adviser to the Council of Foreign Relations and George Kennan’s Policy Planning Staff. The Mayor of Florence, Giorgio La Pira was a Dominican tertiary and professor of Roman law; he was a prominent Italian statesman and one of the fathers of the Italian Constitution. During the Cold War period both played a significant role in influencing public opinion, both proved to be among most influential religious thinkers of the 20th century. The author analyzes their views on international relations, in particularly on the western policy towards the Soviet Union, the use of nuclear weapons, the war in Vietnam and the communist issue. The legacy of the two thinkers is highly topical in front of the ethical dimension of choices in international politics today. Therefore the names of Christian thinkers are back again to the fore. It is worth noting that President Obama cites Niebuhr as one of his favorite philosophers. In an interview with «The New York Times» Obama felt it necessary to emphasize the Niebuhr's idea that there is “a real evil, fatigue and pain in the world, and one should be careful and modest in his belief of being able to eliminate these things. Nevertheless, we should not use it as an excuse for cynicism and inaction”. European observers and scholars also admit that Obama is following the thought of Niebuhr, who was demythologizing the idea of America as a visible place of the Kingdom of God». Niebuhr was well aware of the limitations of all humane schemes. Giorgio La Pira was aware as well that politics should always base on ethical principles and reflect the existing spiritual, cultural, political and economic diversity. His main purpose was the formation of a new hierarchy of values. Just like Reinhold Niebuhr, Giorgio La Pira, reflecting on key events of the 20th century, looked for a policy based on the precepts of Christianity. Just like Reinhold Niebuhr, La Pira stated the primacy of politics over economics. However there were some differences between the two thinkers. Niebuhr’s ontological pessimism was well known. On the contrary, La Pira was an optimist. He sincerely believed that his personal policy would help mankind to promote the cause of a new world.
THE AUTHOR’S EXPLICIT PRESENCE IN A NARRATIVE TEXT: THE AUTHOR’S OPINION ABOUT THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD
Authors: Fedotova O. S.
Published: June 2021

The paper shows that the author of a narrative text might interrupt the course of fictional action to express his view of the situation. The diachronic analysis of English emotive prose proves that the author is always present in the text, be it the 19C, 20C, or the beginning of the 21C. One of the topics of the author’s dialogue with the reader may cover peculiarities of the contemporary world. The problems discussed are very much the same in different time periods. The analysis of English novels shows that authors usually give evaluation of the surrounding world which is far from ideal and which is full of difficulties, obstacles and disappointments. The difference lies in the forms of address of the author to the reader. In the novels of the end of the 18C and the beginning of the 19C the author usually acts as a personage who speaks directly to the reader. That’s why forms of direct address and personal pronouns mark this period. At the end of the 20C – at the beginning of the 21C the author’s comments are more laconic and are usually presented in the form of a maxim. Time shift is characteristic of all time periods discussed.
ON INTEGRATION OPTIONS OF UKRAIN FOREIGN POLICY
Authors: Borishpolets K. P. , Chernyavskiy S. I.
Published: June 2021

The article evaluates the impact of domestic political regional imbalance and inter-elite divisions of Ukraine in its choice of guidelines for integration. The main sphere of Ukrainian economy is controlled by more than ten financial industrial groups that actively lobby their interests in the policy. The Ukrainian elite is far from establishing the optimal balance between “Western” and “Eastern” vectors of integration cooperation. We believe that the reduction of tension between «Western» and «Eastern» vectors of integration policy of Ukraine in the short term is unlikely. Apparently, the choice in favour of rapprochement with the EU has already been made. But the peculiarity of this choice is the lack of completeness, the more that the question of who and in what volume will be able to sponsor a «European path» of the Ukrainian elite remains open
EUROPEAN UNION AFTER THE CRISIS: DECLIN OR RENAISSANCE?
Authors: Butorina O. V.
Published: June 2021

The second challenging period (after the «eurosclerosis» of the 70-th) in the history of European integration has been going on for eight years. Measures taken by the EU institutions prevented the disintegration of the euro area, but the crisis is not over. We distinguish its four main consequences for the integration: 1) growing federalization of the euro zone, 2) a switch from multi-speed to a two- or three-tier integration model, 3) economization of decision-making process in the euro area, and 4) clearer demarcation of borders within the EU and with its neighbours. The rotation in the ECB Governing Council that may start in 2015, is likely to consolidate the leadership of the "hard core" countries in the decisionmaking process. Further communitarization of the economic part of the EMU makes it more difficult for newcomers to join the euro area and practically closes this window of opportunity for the Great Britain. The crisis revealed the objective limits of EU enlargement, the accession of Turkey became hardly realistic, as well as the start of accession negotiations with Ukraine. The return to a sustainable development of the EU countries requires deep modernization of the European economy and society. However, the ways of this modernization has not been determined yet. It is clear that further accumulation of wealth and growing consumption cannot be a solution. The headline targets and indicators of the "Europe 2020" strategy will be implemented only partially. Modernization process will be hampered by the lack of funding for basic science, which occurred due to the end of the "cold war", as well as social factors whose role in the economic progress had been previously underestimated. Upgrading the EU integration strategy will be possible after the elections to the European Parliament and the appointment of the new Commission in 2014.
The Prospects of Eurasian Economic Integration
Authors: Torkunov A. V.
Published: June 2021

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CAPITAL OUTFLOWS BY RUSSIAN MULTINATIONALS: EXPLANATION OF WIDER EUROPE’S DOMINANCE
Authors: Kuznetsov A. V.
Published: June 2021

Regulation of capital outflows has become an important task for the Russian economic policy. Such regulation needs the real picture of the Russian outward foreign direct investment (FDI) geography without distortions by official statistics with its data on indirect FDI via offshores. The article is based on new empirical FDI data collected by the author. This information shows the dominance of Wider Europe in the Russian outward FDI geography. The regional character of many Russian multinationals can be explained by several key factors, including the importance of market-seeking FDI motives, Russian oligarchs’ attempts at increasing their bargaining power and relatively comfortable business climate of neighboring countries in combination with the lack of experience and weak state support of Russian investors abroad. At the end of the article, some measures for regulation of FDI outflows are offered for diversification of the Russian outward FDI geography. Russian companies need information and institutional support which is a crucial type of incentives for initial stages of their investment projects abroad. Bilateral investment and double taxation treaties are main measures of institutional support. State insurance of investments is a key element of support for mature projects abroad.
Trends in Evolution of Pakistan’s Islamism
Authors: Chekrizova O. P.
Published: June 2021

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EXPORT OF RUSSIAN MANUFACTURES TO EU COUNTRIES: TENDENCIES, PROBLEMS AND OPPORTUNITIES
Authors: Korobkov I. A.
Published: June 2021

The modernization and specialization of the economy in hi-tech and high-value-added goods is the long term goal defined and set forward within the frame of Russian Federation 2020 Concept for the Social and Economic Development. According to the principles and clauses of the abovementioned document these high-tech and high-value-added products in the long run are intended to be exported to the European Union countries. For the foreseeable future EU will remain Russia’s key trade partner and moreover will play an immense and significant role for the integration of the Russian Federation in the international manufacturing and industrial processes. However, considering the high level of economic development of the EU countries and their strong positions in global exports of processed products including hi-tech goods, the export of the manufactures to the EU countries is quite a challenging task for Russia. Currently the manufactures that are supplied to the European Union mainly consist of semi-processed commodities, e.g., metals, diamonds and chemicals. Russian high-value-added products are exported to a limited number of partners; export volumes are comparatively moderate and volatile. However, some high-tech Russian products are successfully exported to the EU countries and meet growing demand from consumers from Central and Western Europe. The share of finished products and high-value-added goods exported to the Central and Eastern Europe slightly exceeds the EU average; the growing machinery and transport equipment sales are determined by an increased supply towards Poland, Slovakia, Bulgaria and Czech Republic.