bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moving toward reality: Electrocortical reactivity to naturalistic multimodal emotional videos
Authors: Sabatinelli Dean , Farkas Andrew H. , Gehr Matthew C.
Published: January 2024

While previous research has investigated the effects of emotional videos on peripheral physiological measures and conscious experience, this study extends the research to include electrocortical measures, specifically the steady‐state visual‐evoked potential (ssVEP). A carefully curated set of 45 videos, designed to represent a wide range of emotional and neutral content, were presented with a flickering border. The videos featured a continuous single‐shot perspective, natural soundtrack, and excluded elements associated with professional films, to enhance realism. The results demonstrate a consistent reduction in ssVEP amplitude during emotional videos which strongly correlates with the rated emotional intensity of the clips. This suggests that narrative audiovisual stimuli have the potential to track dynamic emotional processing in the cortex, providing new avenues for research in affective neuroscience. The findings highlight the potential of using realistic video stimuli to investigate how the human brain processes emotional events in a paradigm that increases ecological validity. Future studies can further develop this paradigm by expanding the video set, targeting specific cortical networks, and manipulating narrative predictability. Overall, this study establishes a foundation for investigating emotional perception using realistic video stimuli and has the potential to expand our understanding of real‐world emotional processing in the human brain.
Crisis in the UK National Health Service: What does it mean, and what are the consequences?
Authors: Greener Ian , Powell Martin
Published: January 2024

There have been more‐or‐less continual suggestions that the UK National Health Service (NHS) has been suffering from one kind of crisis or another since its creation in 1948. If we are to understand the problems the NHS faces, then we need to empirically investigate what kinds of crises it has faced, if such crises have patterns to them, and whether or not they tend to lead to policy change. This article considers NHS crisis in terms of academic accounts of its history, as well in occurrences of the term ‘NHS crisis’ (and its synonyms) in national newspaper headlines from the 1980s up to 2020 through the application of topic modelling. The combination of these two sources of data leads to the construction of a typology of NHS crises. Having constructed this typology, we can then examine the timing and frequency of NHS crises, and consider the relationship between crises and periods of policy change, as well as to the wider economic and social context in which crises occur through the notion of the ‘NHS spatio‐temporal fix’.
Informing Asset Life Extension: Probabilistic Fatigue Life Reassessment of Offshore Wind Turbine Structural Components Using a Bayesian Network
Authors: Mitchell Hannah , Pready Nigel , García Cava David , Mehmanparast Ali , Thies Philipp
Published: January 2024

Substantiating the safe operation of a wind turbine beyond its original design life requires a reassessment of the fatigue life of its structural components. It is common practice to use the same partial safety factors in the fatigue reassessment as were applied in the original design. However, using the same partial safety factors for through-life fatigue assessments may lead to overly conservative estimations, which could result in assets being removed from service prematurely. This paper proposes a methodology for conducting a probabilistic fatigue life assessment of wind turbine structural components through implementation of a Bayesian network (BN). The BN has been trained on inputs from offshore wind turbine design codes and standards to calculate the fatigue design life of a steel tower. The results from the fatigue calculations for the tower sections determined the P50 and P95 values for damage equal to 0.42 and 0.51 respectively, while the fatigue assessment of the tower flange connections resulted in P50 and P95 value of 0.63 and 0.81. The paper also presents the results of applying Sobol variance analysis to the BN, which shows how the variance in the output parameters can be decomposed to determine the largest contributors to uncertainty in the tower damage assessment.
Turbulent Wind Simulation Duration’s Impact on Mooring Fatigue Damage for Floating Offshore Wind Turbines
Authors: Lee Alistair , Ling Bradley A. , Martin Bruce
Published: January 2024

With the ever-increasing size of floating wind turbines, correct modelling of the wind field is becoming ever more important. One aspect where there is little guidance given by standards and variation within the industry is on the length of wind input files, with the common choice being between 10-minutes and 60-minutes. This paper explores the differences between fatigue simulations when using the two different wind file lengths. For the project site of reference, a 40% reduction in fatigue damage is observed when using 10-minute simulations instead of 60-minute simulations. Rainflow counting results of turbine thrust are investigated and it is found that 60-minute wind files produce thrust cycles of higher magnitude and higher mean value. The same study is undertaken for a similar project and a similar reduction in fatigue damage is observed, although to a lesser extent at only 15%. Whilst this study can not state which length of wind file is more “correct”, use of wind files of 60-minute length will lead to more conservative fatigue results.
Heave Plate Hydrodynamic Coefficients for Floating Offshore Wind Turbines – A Compilation of Data
Authors: Turner Matthew , Wang Lu , Thiagarajan Krish , Robertson Amy
Published: January 2024

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s OpenFAST software is utilized by academics and industry professionals alike to simulate offshore wind turbines. The software’s modeling of hydrodynamic loads on heave plates attached to these structures relies on user-specified hydrodynamic coefficients. To guide the proper selection of these coefficients and potentially develop a new functionality within OpenFAST that automatically prescribes and/or adjusts the heave-plate hydrodynamic coefficients, we review past literature to examine the dependence of the added mass, damping, and drag coefficients on various relevant nondimensional parameters, including the Keulegan-Carpenter number, the frequency parameter, and the plate thickness ratio. Existing data in the literature show strong dependence of the hydrodynamic coefficients on the Keulegan-Carpenter number. We observe consistent trends across a range of different plate geometry, plate porosity, and flow conditions. Secondary dependence of the coefficients on the frequency parameter and plate thickness ratio is also present.
Ultimate Limit State Safety Format Requirement for Mooring Lines of Floating Wind Turbines
Authors: Amlashi Hadi , Jiang Zhiyu , Karimirad Madjid
Published: January 2024

This paper deals with the ultimate limit state (ULS) safety format requirement for the design of mooring lines for floating wind turbines (FWTs). Uncertainties in mooring line strength and response quantities of FWTs and their effects on the mooring line design safety format are discussed and quantified. The ULS safety format for mooring systems is established based on current DNV design safety format requirement. A comparative structural reliability analysis is conducted to illustrate the variation in implied safety levels in the mooring systems under different design load conditions. The impact of parameters such as consequence class, mean tension to dynamic tension ratio, and number of components in a mooring segment on the implied probability of failure is investigated. The results indicate industry standards are not sufficient to achieve target reliability levels and are not adequate to account for all the design parameters that impact the safety level. This study provides insights into the design, performance, and reliability of mooring systems for FWTs. By quantifying appropriate uncertainties and calibrating partial safety factors to achieve a more harmonized safety level across design parameters, efficient and sustainable deployment of floating wind farms (FWFs) can be ensured.
Parametric Study on Deep-Water Taut Mooring for Floating Offshore Turbines
Authors: Balakrishnan Krishnaveni , Arwade Sanjay , DeGroot Don
Published: January 2024

The utilization of offshore wind power in the United States has been a topic of discussion in recent times, and it has become apparent that floating wind technology holds the most potential in water depths exceeding 300 [1] [2] meters. However, to fully harness the benefits of this technology, it is imperative to enhance the station-keeping systems of the floating platforms. This work aims to present the findings from various parametric studies on the novel phenomenon called multiline anchors for floating offshore wind turbines. Since research on emerging wind technologies is shifting focus to deeper water to meet the growing demand of the renewable energy industry, the paper is based on taut-type mooring systems adopted in deep waters. The work entails the analysis of a multiline anchor connecting three different floating offshore wind turbine systems with taut mooring lines, with simulations conducted using the National Renewable Energy laboratory’s open-source tools, FAST and openFAST. The findings help to understand the implication of an increase in turbine size by a three-scale factor on the net multiline anchor forces, and the sensitivity of the environmental force direction on the multiline anchor forces. The influence of the taut angle on the multiline anchor forces in each water depth could also be understood.
HAXPES reference spectra of CeO2 with Cr Kα excitation
Authors: Zheng Dong , Young Christopher N. , Stickle William F.
Published: January 2024

Hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) using monochromatic Cr Kα radiation (5414.8 eV) has been used to acquire XPS and Auger data on an argon gas cluster-sputtered CeO2 sample. Survey data, high-resolution scans of all observed photoelectron peaks, and high-resolution scans of Auger lines are presented herein.
Cross-ionization of the sputtered flux during hybrid high power impulse/direct-current magnetron co-sputtering
Authors: Šroba Viktor , Viskupová Katarína , Wicher Bartosz , Rogoz Vladyslav , Li Xiao , Mikula Marián , Greczynski Grzegorz
Published: January 2024

Time-resolved ion mass spectrometry is used to analyze the type and the energy of metal-ion fluxes during hybrid high-power impulse/direct-current magnetron co-sputtering (HiPIMS/DCMS) in Ar. The study focuses on the effect of HiPIMS plasma plumes on the cross-ionization of the material flux sputtered from the DCMS source. Al, Si, Ti, and Hf elemental targets are used to investigate the effect of the metal’s first ionization potential IPMe1 and mass on the extent of cross-ionization. It is demonstrated that the interaction with HiPIMS plasma results in the significant ionization of the material flux sputtered from the DCMS source. Experiments conducted with elements of similar mass but having different IPMe1 values, Si and Al (Si-HiPIMS/Al-DCMS and Al-HiPIMS/Si-DCMS) reveal that the ionization of the DCMS flux is favored if the sputtered element has lower ionization potential than the one operating in the HiPIMS mode. If elements having similar IPMe1 are used on both sources, the metal mass becomes a decisive parameter as evidenced by experiments involving Ti and Hf (Ti-HiPIMS/Hf-DCMS and Hf-HiPIMS/Ti-DCMS). In such a case, Ti+ fluxes during Hf-HiPIMS/Ti-DCMS may even exceed Hf+ fluxes from the HiPIMS cathode and are much stronger than Hf+ fluxes during Ti-HiPIMS/Hf-DCMS. The latter effect can be explained by the fact that heavier Hf+ ions require longer transit time from the ionization zone to the substrate, which effectively increases the probability of interaction between the Hf-HiPIMS plasma plume and the Ti-DCMS flux, thereby leading to higher Ti ionization. Thus, the common notion of low ionization levels associated with DCMS has to be revised if DCMS is used together with highly ionized plasmas such as HiPIMS operating at higher peak target currents. These results are particularly important for the film growth in the hybrid configuration with substrate bias pulses synchronized to specific ion types.
Direct observation and identification of nanoplastics in ocean water
Authors: Moon Seunghyun , Martin Leisha M. A. , Kim Seongmin , Zhang Qiushi , Zhang Renzheng , Xu Wei , Luo Tengfei
Published: January 2024

Millions of tons of plastics enter the oceans yearly, and they can be fragmented by ultraviolet and mechanical means into nanoplastics. Here, we report the direct observation of nanoplastics in global ocean water leveraging a unique shrinking surface bubble deposition (SSBD) technique. SSBD involves optically heating plasmonic nanoparticles to form a surface bubble and leveraging the Marangoni flow to concentrate suspended nanoplastics onto the surface, allowing direct visualization using electron microscopy. With the plasmonic nanoparticles co-deposited in SSBD, the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy effect is enabled for direct chemical identification of trace amounts of nanoplastics. In the water samples from two oceans, we observed nanoplastics made of nylon, polystyrene, and polyethylene terephthalate—all common in daily consumables. The plastic particles have diverse morphologies, such as nanofibers, nanoflakes, and ball-stick nanostructures. These nanoplastics may profoundly affect marine organisms, and our results can provide critical information for appropriately designing their toxicity studies.
Climate change, society, and pandemic disease in Roman Italy between 200 BCE and 600 CE
Authors: Zonneveld Karin A. F. , Harper Kyle , Klügel Andreas , Chen Liang , De Lange Gert , Versteegh Gerard J. M.
Published: January 2024

Records of past societies confronted with natural climate change can illuminate social responses to environmental stress and environment-disease connections, especially when locally constrained high–temporal resolution paleoclimate reconstructions are available. We present a temperature and precipitation reconstruction for ~200 BCE to ~600 CE, from a southern Italian marine sedimentary archive—the first high-resolution (~3 years) climate record from the heartland of the Roman Empire, stretching from the so-called Roman Climate Optimum to the Late Antique Little Ice Age. We document phases of instability and cooling from ~100 CE onward but more notably after ~130 CE. Pronounced cold phases between ~160 to 180 CE, ~245 to 275 CE, and after ~530 CE associate with pandemic disease, suggesting that climate stress interacted with social and biological variables. The importance of environment-disease dynamics in past civilizations underscores the need to incorporate health in risk assessments of climate change.
Spatiotemporal control of pattern formation during somitogenesis
Authors: McDaniel Cassandra , Simsek M. Fethullah , Chandel Angad Singh , Özbudak Ertuğrul M.
Published: January 2024

Spatiotemporal patterns widely occur in biological, chemical, and physical systems. Particularly, embryonic development displays a diverse gamut of repetitive patterns established in many tissues and organs. Branching treelike structures in lungs, kidneys, livers, pancreases, and mammary glands as well as digits and bones in appendages, teeth, and palates are just a few examples. A fascinating instance of repetitive patterning is the sequential segmentation of the primary body axis, which is conserved in all vertebrates and many arthropods and annelids. In these species, the body axis elongates at the posterior end of the embryo containing an unsegmented tissue. Meanwhile, segments sequentially bud off from the anterior end of the unsegmented tissue, laying down an exquisite repetitive pattern and creating a segmented body plan. In vertebrates, the paraxial mesoderm is sequentially divided into somites. In this review, we will discuss the most prominent models, the most puzzling experimental data, and outstanding questions in vertebrate somite segmentation.
Electrical 180° switching of Néel vector in spin-splitting antiferromagnet
Authors: Han Lei , Fu Xizhi , Peng Rui , Cheng Xingkai , Dai Jiankun , Liu Liangyang , Li Yidian , Zhang Yichi , Zhu Wenxuan , Bai Hua , Zhou Yongjian , Liang Shixuan , Chen Chong , Wang Qian , Chen Xianzhe , Yang Luyi , Zhang Yang , Song Cheng , Liu Junwei , Pan Feng
Published: January 2024

Antiferromagnetic spintronics have attracted wide attention due to its great potential in constructing ultradense and ultrafast antiferromagnetic memory that suits modern high-performance information technology. The electrical 180° switching of Néel vector is a long-term goal for developing electrical-controllable antiferromagnetic memory with opposite Néel vectors as binary “0” and “1.” However, the state-of-art antiferromagnetic switching mechanisms have long been limited for 90° or 120° switching of Néel vector, which unavoidably require multiple writing channels that contradict ultradense integration. Here, we propose a deterministic switching mechanism based on spin-orbit torque with asymmetric energy barrier and experimentally achieve electrical 180° switching of spin-splitting antiferromagnet Mn
5
Si
3
. Such a 180° switching is read out by the Néel vector–induced anomalous Hall effect. On the basis of our writing and readout methods, we fabricate an antiferromagnet device with electrical-controllable high- and low-resistance states that accomplishes robust write and read cycles. Besides fundamental advance, our work promotes practical spin-splitting antiferromagnetic devices based on spin-splitting antiferromagnet.
Longitudinal profiling of the intestinal microbiome in children with cystic fibrosis treated with elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor
Authors: Reasoner Seth A. , Bernard Rachel , Waalkes Adam , Penewit Kelsi , Lewis Janessa , Sokolow Andrew G. , Brown Rebekah F. , Edwards Kathryn M. , Salipante Stephen J. , Hadjifrangiskou Maria , Nicholson Maribeth R.
Published: January 2024

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease with significant gastrointestinal symptoms in addition to pulmonary complications. Recently approved treatments for CF, CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators, are anticipated to substantially improve the care of people with CF and extend their lifespans. Prior work has shown that the intestinal microbiome correlates with health outcomes in CF, particularly in children. Here, we study the intestinal microbiome of children with CF before and after the CFTR modulator, ELX/TEZ/IVA. We identify promising improvements in microbiome diversity, reduced measures of intestinal inflammation, and reduced antibiotic resistance genes. We present specific bacterial taxa and protein groups which change following ELX/TEZ/IVA. These results will inform future mechanistic studies to understand the microbial improvements associated with CFTR modulator treatment. This study demonstrates how the microbiome can change in response to a targeted medication that corrects a genetic disease.
Supplemental Material: Tidal dissipation morphodynamic feedback triggers loss of microtidal marshes
Authors: Zapp Samuel , Mariotti Giulio
Published: January 2024

Further description of previously described hydro-morphodynamic feedbacks, the numerical modeling approach, model inputs, unvegetated-vegetated ratio calculation, and alternative relative sea-level rise and sediment supply scenarios. Figures S1–S8 and a video of the simulation presented in Figure 2 are also included. 
Laminar Swirling Wall Jets
Authors: Gaifullin A. M. , Shcheglov A. S.
Published: January 2024

The problem of determining the characteristics of a laminar swirling wall jet of an incompressible fluid is considered. Numerical solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations are obtained in the stationary and non-statitonary formulations. It is shown that the jet characteristics obey a self-similar law at large distances from the jet source, as in the case of a three-dimensional laminar non-swirling jet, but in our case the jet propagates at a certain angle to the initial direction of jet blowing. With a large swirling of flow in the jet, regions of recirculation flow appear and the jet flow becomes unsteady.
New advances in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Subramanian Savitha , Khan Farah , Hirsch Irl B
Published: January 2024

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition resulting in insulin deficiency and eventual loss of pancreatic β cell function requiring lifelong insulin therapy. Since the discovery of insulin more than 100 years ago, vast advances in treatments have improved care for many people with type 1 diabetes. Ongoing research on the genetics and immunology of type 1 diabetes and on interventions to modify disease course and preserve β cell function have expanded our broad understanding of this condition. Biomarkers of type 1 diabetes are detectable months to years before development of overt disease, and three stages of diabetes are now recognized. The advent of continuous glucose monitoring and the newer automated insulin delivery systems have changed the landscape of type 1 diabetes management and are associated with improved glycated hemoglobin and decreased hypoglycemia. Adjunctive therapies such as sodium glucose cotransporter-1 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists may find use in management in the future. Despite these rapid advances in the field, people living in under-resourced parts of the world struggle to obtain necessities such as insulin, syringes, and blood glucose monitoring essential for managing this condition. This review covers recent developments in diagnosis and treatment and future directions in the broad field of type 1 diabetes.
Dynamics of comparative analysis of Reynold’s and Vogel’s models (variable viscosity) in a wire coating process filled with magnetized porous
Authors: Satish Rekha , Raju B. T. , Prasad P. Durga , Raju S. V. Siva Rama , Raju C. S. K. , Kumar M. Dinesh
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we investigate the analysis of Oldroyd 8-constant fluid flow with nanoparticle suspension via a porous media during the coating of wire is carried out. A constant magnetic field and electrically conducting fluid are considered. The governing equations thus obtained for the present model are converted to nonlinear differential equations using variables in dimensionless form. These equations are analytically solved. The influence of some parameters, like magnetic field parameter, porosity parameter, dilatant constant, pseudo-plastic constant and Brinkman number on velocity and temperature distributions are discussed graphically. For fluctuating viscosity, two models, Reynold’s and Vogel’s are considered. It is observed that the magnetic parameter and the Brinkman number increase, both temperature and velocity profiles show a retarding effect in both Reynold’s and Vogel’s models.
Blasius–Rayleigh–Stokes nanofluid dusty flow influenced by Cattaneo–Christov double diffusion and melting heat transfer — application of response surface methodology
Authors: Mehmood Tahir , Ramzan Muhammad , Saleel C. Ahamed , Kadry Seifedine
Published: January 2024

This paper focuses on the study of Blasius–Rayleigh–Stokes nanofluid dusty flow with generalized Fourier and Fick laws under the influence of a transitive magnetic field. The Blasius–Rayleigh–Stokes nanofluid dusty flow has significant applications in various fields, including the design of heat exchangers, microfluidic devices and industrial processes involving the transportation of suspended particles in fluids. This paper considers the impact of melting heat transfer at the surface boundary. By employing relevant transformations, the mathematical model is transformed into a system of self-similar equations. The solution to this set of highly nonlinear equations is obtained using the bvp4c numerical method in combination with the response surface methodology (RSM) statistical approach. The results are presented through graphical illustrations and numerically calculated tabulated values. It is observed that the fitted model for the skin friction coefficient [Formula: see text] optimal. Moreover, the model parameters [Formula: see text], Q, [Formula: see text], M and L are linearly and quadratically significant in explaining the variation presented for skin friction coefficient [Formula: see text]. This indicates the response skin friction coefficient [Formula: see text] is minimized to 0.005 at [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and is maximized to 1.387 at [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
The role of initial system–environment correlations with a spin environment
Authors: Mirza Ali Raza , Jamil Mah Noor , Chaudhry Adam Zaman
Published: January 2024

Open quantum systems are a subject of immense interest as their understanding is crucial in the implementation of modern quantum technologies. In the study of their dynamics, the role of the initial system–environment correlations is commonly ignored. In this work, to gain insights into the role of these correlations, we solve an exactly solvable model of a single two-level system interacting with a spin environment, with the initial system state prepared by a suitable unitary operation. By solving the dynamics exactly for arbitrary system–environment coupling strength while taking into account the initial system–environment correlations, we show that the effect of the initial correlations is, in general, very significant and nontrivial. To further highlight the importance of the initial system–environment correlations, we also extend our study to investigate the dynamics of the entanglement between two two-level systems interacting with a common spin environment.
RAMPART: Reinforcing Autonomous Multi-Agent Protection through Adversarial Resistance in Transportation
Authors: Hossain Md Tamjid , La Hung , Badsha Shahriar
Published: January 2024

In the field of multi-agent autonomous transportation, such as automated payload delivery or highway on-ramp merging, agents routinely exchange knowledge to optimize their shared objective and adapt to environmental novelties through Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (CMARL) algorithms. This knowledge exchange between agents allows these systems to operate efficiently and adapt to dynamic environments. However, this cooperative learning process is susceptible to adversarial poisoning attacks, as highlighted by contemporary research. Particularly, the poisoning attacks where malicious agents inject deceptive information camouflaged within the differential noise, a pivotal element for differential privacy (DP)-based CMARL algorithms, pose formidable challenges to identify and overcome. The consequences of not addressing this issue are far-reaching, potentially jeopardizing safety-critical operations and the integrity of data privacy in these applications. Existing research has strived to develop anomaly detection based defense models to counteract conventional poisoning methods. Nonetheless, the recurring necessity for model offloading and retraining with labeled anomalous data undermines their practicality, considering the inherently dynamic nature of the safety-critical autonomous transportation applications. Further, it is imperative to maintain data privacy, ensure high performance, and adapt to environmental changes. Motivated by these challenges, this article introduces a novel defense mechanism against stealthy adversarial poisoning attacks in the autonomous transportation domain, termed
Reinforcing Autonomous Multi-agent Protection through Adversarial Resistance in Transportation
(RAMPART). Leveraging a GAN model at each local node, RAMPART effectively filters out malicious advice in an unsupervised manner while generating synthetic samples for each state-action pair to accommodate environmental uncertainties and eliminate the need for labeled training data. Our extensive experimental analysis, conducted in a private payload delivery network—a common application in the autonomous multi-agent transportation domain—demonstrates that RAMPART successfully defends against a DP-exploited poisoning attack with a 30% attack ratio, achieving an F1 score of 0.852 and accuracy of 96.3% in heavy traffic environments.
Metal Homeostasis in Land Plants: A Perpetual Balancing Act Beyond the Fulfilment of Metalloproteome Cofactor Demands
Authors: Krämer Ute
Published: January 2024

One of life's decisive innovations was to harness the catalytic power of metals for cellular chemistry. With life's expansion, global atmospheric and biogeochemical cycles underwent dramatic changes. Although initially harmful, they permitted the evolution of multicellularity and the colonization of land. In land plants as primary producers, metal homeostasis faces heightened demands, in part because soil is a challenging environment for nutrient balancing. To avoid both nutrient metal limitation and metal toxicity, plants must maintain the homeostasis of metals within tighter limits than the homeostasis of other minerals. This review describes the present model of protein metalation and sketches its transfer from unicellular organisms to land plants as complex multicellular organisms. The inseparable connection between metal and redox homeostasis increasingly draws our attention to more general regulatory roles of metals. Mineral co-option, the use of nutrient or other metals for functions other than nutrition, is an emerging concept beyond that of nutritional immunity.
Accurate and Rapid Determination of Ammonium in Water by Voltametric Analysis on a Novel Modified Electrode
Authors: Altahan Mahmoud Fatehy , AbdelAzzem Magdi , El-Attar Mona A.
Published: January 2024

The development of efficient and sensitive electrochemical sensors is of crucial for a wide range of applications, including environmental monitoring, chemical analysis, and biomedical diagnostics. In this study, we present on the development and characterization of a novel of electrochemical sensor, based on a silver/poly 1-aminoanthraquinone/glassy carbon modified electrode (Ag/PAAQ/GC), with high sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of ammonium ions (NH4
+) in water. The Ag/PAAQ/GC electrode was prepared by a simple and low- cost electrochemical co-deposition method, which enabled for a uniform and stable deposition of PAAQ and Ag ions on the surface of the GC electrode. The resulting electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity in the oxidation of NH4
+ ions. The performance of the Ag/PAAQ/GC electrode as an electrochemical sensor for NH4
+ was evaluated using square wave voltammetry (SWV) in aqueous solutions. The results showed that the Ag/PAAQ/GC electrode exhibited a linear response to NH4
+ in a concentration range of 0.01 to 9 mgL−1, with a detection limit of 3 μgL−1 and a sensitivity of 0.0413 μA.Lmg−1. In addition, the Ag/PAAQ/GC electrode showed excellent selectivity for NH4
+ over interfering ions such as K+, Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. Overall, our results show that the Ag/PAAQ/GC electrode is a promising platform for the development of advanced electrochemical sensors for the detection of NH4
+ in water. Due to its high sensitivity, selectivity and stability, the Ag/PAAQ/GC electrode is suitable for a wide range of environmental and analytical applications, e.g., water quality monitoring, wastewater treatment and fertiliser analysis. The precision of the method was tested by analysing sixteen measurements of the same NH4
+ concentration, yielding standard deviation (RSD) of 1.78%. Good recovery values were obtained when measuring spiked tap water samples analysed by the classical Colorimetric Nessler reagent methods and measuring natural water by the ion-selective electrode.
An Indirect Method for the Estimation of Sodium Vapour Concentration Using an Online Oxygen Sensor
Authors: Kundu Dipankar , Ravindranath Nair Afijith , Ganesan Rajesh , Jayaraman V.
Published: January 2024

An online method is developed for the estimation of sodium vapour concentration in a confined volume using an oxygen sensor. First, the sodium vapour is made to react with a known amount of oxygen and the change in oxygen concentration in the presence and absence of the sodium vapour are measured using a YSZ-based potentiometric sensor. The sodium vapour concentration in the confined volume is then calculated from the consumed oxygen concentration. This methodology utilizes an indirect way for the estimation of sodium vapour concentration.
Method—An Investigation Into Post-Hoc Analysis Methods for Electrochemical Biosensor Data
Authors: Teo Desmond K. X. , Maul Tomas , Tan Michelle T. T.
Published: January 2024

Recently, researchers are exploring machine learning (ML) algorithms as post-hoc analysis tools to improve performances of electrochemical biosensors (EBs). While reported results are promising, yet comprehensive study on optimal methods for model development is still lacking. For improved efficiency, accuracy, and robustness, it is essential to optimise the relationships between feature extraction techniques and choice of training algorithms. Herein, this paper presents a comparative study between different feature extractions methods, namely principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminative analysis (LDA), fast Fourier transform (FFT) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT), to compress and extract significant components from differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) datasets. Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) models were developed, and their performances were compared with conventional post-analysis methods. The best performing combination for DPV dataset was MLP with DWT, achieving an R2 of 0.995, and for EIS dataset was MLP with PCA, achieving an R2 of 0.960, on test set, respectively. The developed models had achieved an average of 0.61% improvement for real sample recovery tests. The presented approaches demonstrated the capabilities of optimised ML models to automate post hoc analysis for more robust outcomes, while eliminating tedium of post-analysis for end users.
Morphological and Optical Characterization of Hydrothermally-Synthesized Two-Dimensional MoS2 Nanosheets
Authors: Afsana  , Bansal Sonia
Published: January 2024

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are extensively utilized in optoelectronics, sensors, and battery storage due to their versatile properties. Among the TMDs, Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets possess remarkable optical, electronic, and chemical properties. This study employed a cost-effective hydrothermal method to synthesize high-quality 2D MoS2 nanosheets. Different characterization techniques such as XRD, SEM, EDS, FTIR, Raman, UV–vis, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy were utilized to evaluate the structural, morphological, chemical, and optical characteristics of the nanosheets. The XRD analysis revealed that the MoS2 nanosheets have a hexagonal crystal structure, with an average crystallite size of 27.76 nm. Furthermore, SEM images confirmed the formation of thin MoS2 nanosheets, with an estimated thickness ranging from 20–30 nm. The growth mechanism of the formation of MoS2 is discussed in detail. Different functional groups present in the material were analyzed using FTIR spectra. The difference in vibration modes analysed by Raman spectroscopy indicated the presence of layered nanosheets. The optical bandgap (2.20 eV) of the material was determined by analyzing its UV–vis spectroscopy data using the Tauc plot. PL analysis indicates a direct transition between the upper valence and lower conduction bands, suggesting that the nanosheets were synthesized with high quality. These findings have opened new possibilities for the use of MoS2 nanosheets in various applications such as optoelectronics and sensing devices.
Resistance Drift in Melt-Quenched Ge2Sb2Te5 Phase Change Memory Line Cells at Cryogenic Temperatures
Authors: Talukder A. B. M. Hasan , Bin Kashem Md Tashfiq , Khan Raihan , Dirisaglik Faruk , Gokirmak Ali , Silva Helena
Published: January 2024

We characterized resistance drift in phase change memory devices in the 80 K to 300 K temperature range by performing measurements on 20 nm thick, ∼70–100 nm wide lateral Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) line cells. The cells were amorphized using 1.5–2.5 V pulses with ∼50–100 ns duration leading to ∼0.4–1.1 mA peak reset currents resulting in amorphized lengths between ∼50 and 700 nm. Resistance drift coefficients in the amorphized cells are calculated using constant voltage measurements starting as fast as within a second after amorphization and for 1 h duration. Drift coefficients range between ∼0.02 and 0.1 with significant device-to-device variability and variations during the measurement period. At lower temperatures (higher resistance states) some devices show a complex dynamic behavior, with the resistance repeatedly increasing and decreasing significantly over periods in the order of seconds. These results point to charge trapping and de-trapping events as the cause of resistance drift.
Shock Reduction Technique in Thin‐Plate Structure Using Elastic Patches with Gradual Thickness Variations
Authors: Park Hyun-Su , Hwang Dae-Hyun , Han Jae-Hung
Published: January 2024

Reducing structural shocks propagated as elastic waves in thin plate‐like structures is of paramount importance in diverse engineering applications. In this study, a shock reduction method using elastic patches that deflect bending waves through wave refraction, while maintaining the structural stiffness and strength is presented. Elastic patches with gradual thickness variation were designed and thoroughly investigated both numerically and experimentally. Two types of triangular elastic patches, flat and pyramid‐shaped, were utilized to refract and attenuate transient bending waves at different incident angles. All results from ray tracing, finite element analysis, and experiments consistently demonstrated the effective reduction of passing waves in areas behind the attached patches. Moreover, the influence of gradual thickness variation was thoroughly discussed. The proposed method provides a practical approach to mitigate transient shock responses in specific target areas across various structural applications without compromising structural stiffness and strength.
Supplementary Materials & Methods, Supplementary Figures 1-4, Supplementary Tables 1-2, References from Histone Demethylase JMJD1A Promotes Tumor Progression via Activating Snail in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Tang Dong-E , Dai Yong , Fan Ling-Ling , Geng Xin-Yan , Fu De-Xue , Jiang Hao-Wu , Xu Song-Hui
Published: January 2024

Fig. S1. (A) RV1 cells stably expressing control vector or Flag-JMJD1A for 48 h, qRT-PCR detect Snail mRNA level (mean {plus minus} SD). *p<0.05; **p<0.01. (B) RV1 cells were transfected with control shRNA, shJMJD1A#1 or shJMJD1A#2, separately and then mRNA levels of the indicated genes were determined by qRT-PCR (mean {plus minus} SD). *p<0.05; **p<0.01. Fig. S2. (A) The viability of RV1 cells stably expressing pLKO.1 or JMJD1A shRNA together with or without Flag-Snail was detected by MTT assay. **p<0.01. (B) The cells generated as above were seeded on 6-well plates for 2D colony formation assays. Fig. S3. CHIP assay was used to examine the interaction between JMJD1A and the Snail promoter in RV1 cells. Fig. S4. Luciferase-expressing RV1 cells (pLKO.1 and shJMJD1A#1) were injected into mouse bone. Table S1. Clinic pathological variables and KDM3A expression in 14 prostate cases for detecting by western blot and RT-PCR. Table S2. Clinic pathological variables and KDM3A expression in 77 prostate cancer patients from TAM.
Supplementary Table 7 from Exploring Co-occurring POLE Exonuclease and Non-exonuclease Domain Mutations and Their Impact on Tumor Mutagenicity
Authors: Shah Shreya M. , Demidova Elena V. , Ringenbach Salena , Faezov Bulat , Andrake Mark , Gandhi Arjun , Mur Pilar , Viana-Errasti Julen , Xiu Joanne , Swensen Jeffrey , Valle Laura , Dunbrack Roland L. , Hall Michael J. , Arora Sanjeevani
Published: January 2024

Mutations in Group 3 tumors with P286R or V411L plus one variant and mTMB comparisons.
Supplementary Table 5 from Exploring Co-occurring POLE Exonuclease and Non-exonuclease Domain Mutations and Their Impact on Tumor Mutagenicity
Authors: Shah Shreya M. , Demidova Elena V. , Ringenbach Salena , Faezov Bulat , Andrake Mark , Gandhi Arjun , Mur Pilar , Viana-Errasti Julen , Xiu Joanne , Swensen Jeffrey , Valle Laura , Dunbrack Roland L. , Hall Michael J. , Arora Sanjeevani
Published: January 2024

Neoantigens predictions for Group 3 tumor mutations by DeepNeo (sheet 1 for CRC; sheet 2 for EC) and Neodb (sheet 3 for CRC, and EC).
Supplementary Table 3 from Exploring Co-occurring POLE Exonuclease and Non-exonuclease Domain Mutations and Their Impact on Tumor Mutagenicity
Authors: Shah Shreya M. , Demidova Elena V. , Ringenbach Salena , Faezov Bulat , Andrake Mark , Gandhi Arjun , Mur Pilar , Viana-Errasti Julen , Xiu Joanne , Swensen Jeffrey , Valle Laura , Dunbrack Roland L. , Hall Michael J. , Arora Sanjeevani
Published: January 2024

mTMB comparisons in the Caris Life Sciences dataset.
FIGURE 3 from Exploring Co-occurring POLE Exonuclease and Non-exonuclease Domain Mutations and Their Impact on Tumor Mutagenicity
Authors: Shah Shreya M. , Demidova Elena V. , Ringenbach Salena , Faezov Bulat , Andrake Mark , Gandhi Arjun , Mur Pilar , Viana-Errasti Julen , Xiu Joanne , Swensen Jeffrey , Valle Laura , Dunbrack Roland L. , Hall Michael J. , Arora Sanjeevani
Published: January 2024

Molecular features of colorectal cancer (A) and endometrial cancer (B). The mutational landscape and patient demographic/clinical characteristics (PD-L1 by IHC, MSI comprehensive, age, and sex) of the four cohorts for each cancer type were plotted using the GenVisR package of R.
Optimized parameter extraction techniques for enhanced performance evaluation of organic solar cells
Authors: Uvais Mohd , Ansari Asif Jamil , Asim Mohammed , Manzar Mohammad Saood
Published: January 2024

The global energy landscape is in the midst of a transformative shift, compelled by the urgent need to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels and embrace eco-friendly alternatives. Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have emerged as a promising alternative, offering the distinct advantage of performing well in low-light conditions, including indoor environments. Extensive research and development efforts are dedicated to realizing the full potential of OPVs as adaptable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly solar energy solutions. This paper conducts a thorough examination of the intricate characterization of organic solar cells, with a specific emphasis on crucial parameters like power conversion efficiency, open-circuit voltage, and fill factor. The study utilizes a single diode model to simulate these cells' behavior, employing a meticulous process for parameter extraction. This method leverages Origin software and Python programming, incorporating open-source packages to ensure robust validation. This systematic and rigorous approach significantly enhances our comprehension of OPVs and plays a substantial role in optimizing their performance. In essence, this research represents a significant step forward in advancing sustainable energy technologies, laying a foundation for a greener and more environmentally conscious future.
Optimal scheduling and demand response implementation for home energy management
Authors: Priolkar Jayesh , Sreeraj ES
Published: January 2024

The optimal scheduling of the loads based on dynamic tariffs and implementation of a direct load control (DLC) based demand response program for the domestic consumer is proposed in this work. The load scheduling is carried out using binary particle swarm optimization and a newly prefaced nature-inspired discrete elephant herd optimization technique, and their effectiveness in minimization of cost and the peak-to-average ratio is analyzed. The discrete elephant herd optimization algorithm has acceptable characteristics compared to the conventional algorithms and has determined better exploring properties for multi-objective problems. A prototype hardware model for a home energy management system is developed to demonstrate and analyze the optimal load scheduling and DLC-based demand response program. The controller effectively schedules and implements DLC on consumer devices. The load scheduling optimization helps to improve PAR by a value of 2.504 and results in energy cost savings of ₹ 12.05 on the scheduled day. Implementation of DLC by 15% results in monthly savings of ₹ 204.18. The novelty of the work is the implementation of discrete elephant herd optimization for load scheduling and the development of the prototype hardware model to show effects of both optimal load scheduling and the DLC-based demand response program implementation.
A proposal and simulation analysis for a novel architecture of gate-all-around polycrystalline silicon nanowire field effect transistor
Authors: El-amiri Asseya , Demami Fouad
Published: January 2024

A proposal for a novel gate-all-around (GAA) polycrystalline silicon nanowire (poly-SiNW) field effect transistor (FET) is presented and discussed in this paper. The device architecture is based on the realization of poly-SiNW in a V-shaped cavity obtained by tetra methyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) etch of monocrystalline silicon (100). The device’s behavior is simulated using Silvaco commercial software, including the density of states (DOS) model described by the double exponential distribution of acceptor trap density within the gap. The electric field, potential, and free electron concentration are analyzed in different nanowire regions to investigate the device's performance. The results show good performance despite the high density of deep states in poly-SiNW. This can be explained by the strong electric field caused by the corner effect in the nanowire, which favors the ionization of the acceptor traps and increases the free electron concentration.
Testing nanometer memories: a review of architectures, applications, and challenges
Authors: Sontakke Vijay , Atchina Delsikreo
Published: January 2024

Newer defects in memories arising from shrinking manufacturing technologies demand improved memory testing methodologies. The percentage of memories on chips continues to rise. With shrinking technologies (10 nm up to 1.8 nm), the structure of memories is becoming denser. Due to the dense structure and significant portion of a chip, the nanometer memories are highly susceptible to defects. High-frequency specifications, the complexity of internal connections, and the process variation due to newer manufacturing technology further increased the probability of the physical failure of memories to a great extent. Memories need to be defect-free for the chip to operate successfully. Therefore, testing embedded memories has become crucial and is taking significant test costs. Researchers have proposed multiple approaches considering these factors to test the nanometer memories. They include using new fault models, march algorithms, memory built-in self-test (MBIST) architectures, and validation strategies. This paper surveys the methodologies presented in recent times. It discusses the core principles used in them, along with benefits. Finally, it discusses key opens in each and offers the scope for future research.