bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Applications of Nanopore Sequencing Technology in Animal and Human Virus Research
Authors: Ji Chun-Miao , Feng Xiao-Yin , Huang Yao-Wei , Chen Rui-Ai
Published: May 2024

In recent years, an increasing number of viruses have triggered outbreaks that pose a severe threat to both human and animal life, as well as caused substantial economic losses. It is crucial to understand the genomic structure and epidemiology of these viruses to guide effective clinical prevention and treatment strategies. Nanopore sequencing, a third-generation sequencing technology, has been widely used in genomic research since 2014. This technology offers several advantages over traditional methods and next-generation sequencing (NGS), such as the ability to generate ultra-long reads, high efficiency, real-time monitoring and analysis, portability, and the ability to directly sequence RNA or DNA molecules. As a result, it exhibits excellent applicability and flexibility in virus research, including viral detection and surveillance, genome assembly, the discovery of new variants and novel viruses, and the identification of chemical modifications. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the development, principles, advantages, and applications of nanopore sequencing technology in animal and human virus research, aiming to offer fresh perspectives for future studies in this field.
The Impact of 9 Years of Swine Wastewater Application on the Mineral and Organic Quality of Soil in Various Agricultural Crops
Authors: Maciel Ana Paula Almeida Castaldelli , Medeiros Gabriela , Machado Amanda de Souza , Pilatti Maria Clara , dos Reis Ralpho Rinaldo , Sampaio Silvio Cesar
Published: May 2024

This study evaluates the long-term effects of swine wastewater (SWW) on relevant parameters for soil fertility, including calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K) cations, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and organic matter (OM) in an agricultural area with 9 years of crop cultivation. Three types of SWW (raw, after leaving the biodigester, and after the manure plant) were analyzed with four application rates of SWW (0, 100, 200, and 300 m3.ha−1), associated or not with mineral fertilization, resulting in eight treatments. The study found that the long-term use of SWW had significant effects on soil parameters. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to summarize the data. The soil’s calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) levels were higher in soybean compared to other crops and natural soil. Similarly, the treatment with 0 m3.ha−1 of pig manure and without mineral fertilization showed higher levels of these nutrients. In contrast, potassium (K) was found in greater quantities in oats, SWW from the biodigester, higher doses of manure, and with mineral fertilization. The crops had a higher organic matter (OM) content compared to the natural soil, with corn and raw SWW showing the most significant increase.
Monitoring and Assessment of the Quality of Chlorinated Water in Schools
Authors: Stein Vanessa , Galvão Alessandro Cazonatto , Paulino Alexandre Tadeu , Manfredi Alex Molina , Martendal Edmar , Vieira Tainara , Robazza Weber da Silva
Published: May 2024

All water destined for human consumption must be subjected to disinfection processes via chlorination with the aim of eliminating the risk of the transmission of waterborne diseases. However, the treatment of water using this method leads to the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs), which are toxic compounds that may be ingested, inhaled, or absorbed by the skin, increasing the risk of carcinogenic and mutagenic processes. High trihalomethane concentrations in water may be directly related to physicochemical properties, such as temperature, pH, hardness, and potentially toxic metal concentrations. In this work, physicochemical characterization was performed and water quality was assessed with regard to the presence of trihalomethanes in 17 samples collected from points before and after storage in reservoirs. Atomic absorption spectroscopy to determine potentially toxic metals and the measurement of physicochemical properties demonstrated that all results were in accordance with the standards established by Brazilian legislation. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was used to determine levels of trihalomethanes in the water samples (trichloromethane, bromodichloromethane, chlorodibromomethane, and bromoform), which were also in accordance with the limits established by Brazilian legislation. Hierarchical clustering on principal components confirmed changes in the water quality depending on location. This work constitutes a paradigm for future studies on the monitoring of toxic organic compounds in water to avoid health problems in humans and animals.
Monsoons and Tide-Induced Eddies Deflect the Dispersion of the Thermal Plume in Nan Wan Bay
Authors: Lee Hung-Jen , Huang Shih-Jen , Meng Pei-Jie , Chen Chung-Chi , Ho Chia-Ying , Tsai Yi-Chen
Published: May 2024

The present work employs a three-dimensional ocean model (MITgcm) driven by tidal and climatological forcings to assess the range of impacts of thermal wastewater discharge from the Third Nuclear Power Plant (NP_No.3) in Nan Wan Bay on the local ecosystem. Tides and daily wind forcings are incorporated into the MITgcm to examine their effects on thermal plume dispersion and water circulation in Nan Wan Bay. The model results reveal that the thermal plume is most likely to disperse to the southwest in the summer; it is unlikely to drift to the southeast or northeast because of the presence of the gentle southwesterly monsoon. In the winter, the thermal plume is most likely to be directed to the southwest and is unlikely to be directed to the northeast or southeast because of the prevailing northeasterly monsoon. Additionally, it is worth emphasizing that strong tidal currents generate a pair of counter-rotating eddies that significantly influence the dispersion of the thermal plume. However, seasonal monsoons also play an essential role in modifying the thermal plume’s direction and dispersion.
Water Quality and the First-Flush Effect in Roof-Based Rainwater Harvesting, Part II: First Flush
Authors: Lay Jessica J. , Vogel Jason R. , Belden Jason B. , Brown Glenn O. , Storm Daniel E.
Published: May 2024

Rainwater runoff samples from a range of roofing materials were temporally collected from 19 small-scale roof structures and two commercial buildings through simulated and actual storm events, and the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phosphorus flame retardants (PFLs), and pyrethroid insecticides and other water quality parameters were analyzed. In Part I of this research, the concentrations of these contaminants in roof runoff and soils receiving runoff from a range of roofing materials were evaluated. In Part II, recommendations have been developed for a first-flush exclusion to improve the quality of water harvesting for nonpotable uses. Recommendations focus on a first-flush diversion based on mass removals of total suspended solids (TSS) and PAHs linked to conductivity measurements throughout a storm event. Additionally, an upper-confidence limit (UCL) was constructed to determine the minimum diversion required to obtain 50, 75, 90, and 95% mass removal of TSS and PAH contaminants. The majority of TSS were produced during the initial 1.2 mm of runoff. Likewise, the majority of PAHs were removed during the initial 1.2 mm of runoff, except for the asphalt shingle roofs, where high PAHs were observed after 6 mm of runoff. The Texas Water Development Board (TWDB)-recommended first-flush diversion of one gallon for every 100 square feet of rooftop was not always adequate for removing 50% of TSS and PAHs from the roofs. Rainwater runoff conductivity decreased drastically between 1.2 to 2.4 mm of rainwater runoff. Diverting the first flush based on conductivity has the potential to also divert the majority of TSS and PAHs in roof runoff.
Epidemiological and clinical aspects of HFRS in the territory of the Voronezh region
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko «of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Voronezh, Russia, Krivoruchko I. V. , Pshenichnaya S. A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko «of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Voronezh, Russia, Kokoreva S. P. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko «of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Voronezh, Russia
Published: May 2024

At this time, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome remains one of the most common infectious diseases in the Russian Federation. An active natural focus of HFRS is the Voronezh region, where the natural reservoir of hantaviruses and the source of infection for people are wild rodents — bank vole, field mouse, and gray vole. The highest incidence rates of HFRS in the Voronezh region were recorded in 2019, significantly exceeding the rates of other years. The article presents data on the features of the epidemiology of HFRS and analyzes in detail the characteristic clinical manifestations of the disease. Important epidemiological aspects of hantavirus infection in the Voronezh region are the summer-autumn seasonality, the predominance in the structure of sick young men of working age living within the city. The pronounced summer-autumn seasonality of HFRS is due to contacts of patients with natural objects in both foci of infection. The clinical picture revealed a cyclical course of the disease, prolonged febrile-intoxication syndrome, enlarged liver and spleen, hemorrhagic syndrome, signs of renal pathology, thrombocytopenia. At the initial stage of the disease, typical manifestations of infection — symptoms of kidney damage, hemorrhagic manifestations, ophthalmological complaints, dry mouth and thirst — are rare or not clearly expressed. The studied features of the epidemiological aspects and clinical manifestations of HFRS in the Voronezh region are of great practical importance for differential diagnosis and early diagnosis at the prehospital stage for the purpose of timely hospitalization of the patient.
Assessment of the blood lipid spectrum of workers under stressful conditions labor
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Privolzhsky Research Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, Rakhmanov R. S. , Bogomolova E. S. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Privolzhsky Research Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, Razgulin S. A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Privolzhsky Research Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, Potekhina N. N. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Privolzhsky Research Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, Narutdinov D. A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after prof. V. F. Voyno-Yasenetsky» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, Russia, Nepryakhin D. V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Privolzhsky Research Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
Published: May 2024

The importance of dyslipidemia for health lies in the potentiation of cardiovascular diseases. We assessed the blood lipid spectrum and types of dyslipidemia in people with intense work (men aged 35.7 ± 0.8 years, n = 58). Body mass index (BMI) and nutritional status were determined. We assessed working conditions according to the degree of harmfulness and danger. A survey was conducted to establish the fact of tobacco and alcohol consumption. Mental work with high psycho-emotional stress and intensity of the work process in conditions of physical inactivity was assessed as harmful — 3.2. The proportion of smokers was 10.3 %, 100.0 % drank alcohol in moderate doses periodically. Body weight 84.6 ± 1.3 kg, BMI — 26.1 ± 0.3 kg/m2. The proportion of people with overweight and obesity was 68.4 %. Elevated triglycerides (TG) were detected in 17.7 %, total cholesterol (TC) in 60.3 %, low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in 74.0 %, reduced high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in 17.0 %. The atherogenic coefficient (AC) was 3.58 ± 0.13; in 51.8 % it exceeded the normal value. An adequate and inadequate response of the body to living conditions was evidenced by high and low levels of HDL: in 30.2 % and 5.4 % of those examined. The leading type of dyslipidemia was hypercholesterolemia (in 44.6 %). The proportion of mixed and atherogenic was 5.4 % and 1.8 %. In 23.2 %, excess levels of TC, LDL and TG in various combinations were recorded against the background of high HDL; their KA was normal. It can be assumed that physical inactivity against the background of intense work are risk factors for the development of dyslipidemia.
Hygienic and epidemiological factors of cervical erosion development
Authors:   Dagestan State Medical University, Makhachkala, Russia, Magomedov U. A. , Rabadanova P. M. ,   Dagestan State Medical University, Makhachkala, Russia, Bagandova D. S. ,   Dagestan State Medical University, Makhachkala, Russia
Published: May 2024

Cervical erosion (ESM) is widespread in the female population and is often asymptomatic. In some cases, women complain of vaginal discharge, bleeding after sexual intercourse, and unpleasant sensations. True ESM is found in 1.6–2.87 % of women who apply for gynecological complaints. Nevertheless, in foreign literature, ectopia of the cervix and true erosion are usually not distinguished. Currently, the most likely and relevant risk factors for ESM have been studied. There is no doubt that ESM is associated with infectious and inflammatory processes, human papillomavirus, traumatic injuries, hormonal and menstrual disorders, environmental and hygienic factors. Many of the listed risk factors are causally related, and this relationship needs to be substantiated. The purpose of this work was to analyze the impact of hygienic and epidemiological factors on the development of cervical erosion. To achieve this goal, an analysis of available literary sources was carried out. The role of ESM prevention is shown, which consists in managing risk factors, reducing the intensity of their effects or completely eliminating them. The high preventive effectiveness of vaccination against human papillomavirus has been established, which makes it possible to influence not only the incidence of ESM, but also cervical cancer. Improving personal hygiene skills can be a good prevention of infectious and inflammatory processes and, consequently, the incidence of ESM.
Predictors of chronic heart failure in occupational pulmonology
Authors:   FBSI F. F. Erisman Federal Scientific Centre of Hygiene of Rospotrebnadzor, Melentiev A. V. , Babanov S. A. ,   FSBEI HE Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Published: May 2024

The issue of occupational lung diseases, primarily dust lung diseases caused by exposure to industrial fibrogenic aerosols of varying degrees of fibrogenicity, remains relevant not only for the Russian Federation, but also for most of the world's leading economies. Purpose of the study: to investigate echocardiographic parameters and constitution features, assess the state of carbohydrate metabolism, and evaluate the concentration of leptin and resistin in patients with occupational respiratory diseases. Results of the study: fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed both subatrophic changes in the bronchial mucosa and phenomena of focal atrophy of the bronchial mucosa and diffuse atrophy in all study groups. According to the otorhinolaryngologist’s examination, there is a high detection rate of chronic atrophic rhino-pharyngolaryngitis in the study groups, which, taking into account the data of fiberop tic bronchoscopy, indicates the systemic and descending nature of the pathological process. Furthermore, our studies demonstrated the high informative value and diagnostic significance of computer spirography for occupational respiratory diseases. Conclusion. As a result of the study, novel clinical and pathogenetic features were identified, and myocardial con tractility was assessed in chronic dust bronchitis, occupational chronic obstructive pulmo nary disease, and interstitial pneumoconiosis. This allows recommending the determination of these indicators (leptin, resistin), as well as echocardiographic assessment of the state and function of the myocardium during periodic medical examinations of workers exposed to industrial fibrogenic aerosols of varying degrees of fibrogenicity in order to assess the risk of developing and predict chronic heart failure in occupational respiratory diseases associated with exposure to highly fibrogenic, moderately fibrogenic, and low fibrogenic industrial aerosols.
How to control product quality at an industrial enterprise?
Authors:   JSC Kamadi, Russia, St. Petersburg, Makarova A. A.
Published: May 2024

The article discusses a coordinate measuring machine as a quality control tool in an industrial enterprise. The history of creation, structure, operating principle of coordinate measuring machines, their classification by design, controlled parameters, and areas of application in various industries are described. The factors influencing the quality of control of measured products are given. The results of measurements on coordinate measuring machines are considered from the point of view of their influence on the optimization of production processes, and arguments are also given in favor of a coordinate measuring machine as one of the profit centers of the enterprise.
Is an EU Member State a weaker party in the context of the rules of jurisdiction in direct actions against insurers? Comments on the request for a preliminary ruling in the case Mutua Madrileña Automovilista, C-536/23
Authors: Pacuła Krzysztof
Published: May 2024

The request for a preliminary ruling in the case Mutua Madrileña Automovilista, C-536/23, puts to the ultimate test the concept of “weaker party” that underpins the …U rules of special jurisdiction in direct actions against insurers. The referring court asks whether an …U Member State, acting as a statutory subrogee to the rights of its employee injured in a road traffic accident, can rely on the rule of special jurisdiction established by Articles 11(1)(b) and 13(2) of the Brussels I bis Regulation for the benefit of injured parties. Against this background, first, the preliminary question is based on a premise that the …U Member State may sue the insurer “before the courts for the place where the official […] is domiciled”. This premise seems misguided. In fact, a successor in title of a directly injured party may bring the direct action before the court of their own domicile Second, it is immaterial that an …U Member State is a subject of public international law. Unless the state acts iure imperii [arg. ex Art 1(1) of the Regulation], it can rely on the rules of jurisdiction provided for in the Regulation, including the rules of special jurisdiction in matters of insurance. Third, since the rules of special jurisdiction in direct actions against insurers are established for the benefit of weaker parties, they cannot be relied on by the “professionals in the insurance sector”. To verify whether a claimant qualifies as such a professional in the insurance sector, a two-tier analysis is proposed. In the first step, an abstract and generalising assessment is carried out in order to verify whether the claimant belongs to the insurance sector or has close ties with that sector as the result of dealing (litigating or settling) regularly with the insurance claims as the inherent aspect of the commercial activity model they adopted or public mission they were entrusted with. In the second step, an additional check has to be made in order to ascertain whether the direct action brought against the insurer fits within such a general and abstract profile of the claimant or not. If the direct action does not originate in such a commercial activity or public mission, the claimant cannot be considered as a “professional in the insurance sector” in the context of the specific proceedings. In the light of the above, the contention is that an EU Member State, which, in its capacity of an employer continued to pay the remuneration to its official who became unfit for work as a result of a road traffic accident and which subrogated to the official’s rights vis-à-vis the insurer that provides the civil liability insurance for the vehicle involved in that accident, may rely on the rule of special jurisdiction set forth in Articles 11(1)(b) and 13(2) of the Brussels I bis Regulation.
Compensation for moral harm caused to a legal entity – does the new Polish Supreme Court resolution of 2023 provide a remedy for the Polish legal system? Some critical remarks in a comparative perspective
Authors: Wyszyńska-Ślufińska Paulina
Published: May 2024

In the resolution of 2023 the Polish Supreme Court ruled that legal entities are entitled to claim for compensation for moral damage in a case of violation of personal interests. Although the judgement is of great practical value and very interesting from the theoretical point of view, the court’s justification may raise more doubts than provide answers to the question whether it is justified to grant compensation for moral harm caused to legal entities. With the comparative analyses of the topic the author of this article aims at finding the answer whether the arguments provided by the Supreme Court shall be recognized as convincing and, as as such, shall be approved.
Perancangan UI/UX Website Search Buddy Menggunakan Pendekatan Design Thinking
Authors: Imin Jonathan Hansen , Fajar Mohammad , Hasniati
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang user interface (UI) dan user experience (UX) website Search Buddy menggunakan pendekatan design thinking sehingga memenuhi unsur kebergunaan (usability) bagi penggunanya. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penyebaran kuesioner dan wawancara terhadap 20 responden yang menjadi pengguna website. Selanjutnya data diolah dan dianalisis menggunakan system usability scale (SUS). Hasil pengukuran terhadap desain awal website Search Buddy menggunakan SUS diperoleh nilai sebesar 54,75 dengan rating “Ok”, tetapi berada pada rentang penerimaan (Acceptability ranges) marginal yang rendah dan belum memenuhi unsur usability. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, selanjutnya digunakan lima tahapan yang ada pada pendekatan design thingking dalam merancang ulang  prototype UI/UX website Search Buddy untuk menyelesaikan masalah yang dialami oleh pengguna.  Hasil evaluasi prototype sistem memperlihatkan peningkatan skor SUS sebesar 25.37, dimana rata-rata nilai skor SUS yaitu 80.12 dengan rating “Good”, berada pada rentang dapat diterima dan telah memenuhi unsur usability. Hasil ini memperlihatkan bahwa perancangan ulang UI/UX Website Search Buddy menggunakan pendekatan design thinking memberikan peningkatan usability terhadap website tersebut
Kiakhta ou l’épaisseur d'une frontière
Authors: Savelli Dany
Published: May 2024

Kiakhta and the broadness of the borders

This article is a reflection on the question of what is a “frontier.” The history of the three Kiakhtas (this name also designates Troitskosavsk and the Chinese trading town of Maimaicheng) reveals throughout the XVIIIth and XIXth centuries some particularly exceptional features. These were due to the unique position of the city on the border between the Russian and Chinese Empires. As a result of important trading and smuggling activities, which gave rise to a pidgin language between Russian and Chinese merchants and to the vanishing of social barriers, this frontier, which gathers together people and civilizations rather than separates them, became a lively battering hub. A window onto the world, the “Millionnaires’ town,” known as “The Venice of the Desert,” was also an exchange post for revolutionary ideas, an outpost for Orientalism and the cultural centre of Transbaikalia. Engaging with Kiakhta - which is considered here from the point of view of Western culture (including Russia) - is an opportunity to broach various debates: the fashion of chinoiserie in Russia as well as asiatism in that country; the status of Siberia given its proximity to China; and the historiography of Russian-Chinese relations.
Unlocking Therapeutic Potential: Enhanced shRNA Delivery with Tat Peptide in the Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Treatment
Authors: Amiri Zadeh Fard Saeid , Abuei Haniyeh , Behzad Behbahani Abbas , Rafiei Dehbidi Gholamreza , Zare Farahnaz , Nejabat Maryam , Safarpour Alireza , Farhadi Ali
Published: May 2024

Purpose: This research investigated the development of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) molecules designed to target specific regions of the human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) M and F genes. The study aimed to assess the therapeutic potential of these shRNAs and evaluate the effectiveness of Tat peptide-mediated delivery in enhancing their functionality. Methods: We acquired isolates from pediatric patients experiencing respiratory illness then cultured in HEp-2 cells. We constructed plasmids expressing shRNAs. Tat peptide as a facilitator for shRNA plasmid delivery was used. The cytotoxicity of ribavirin, shRNA constructs, and control agents was assessed using the MTT assay. The transfection efficiency of Tat peptide-mediated shRNA delivery with that of lipofectamine 3000™ were compared. Finally, real-time PCR was employed to quantify HRSV replication in the treated cells. Results: Tat peptide-mediated delivery of shRNA plasmids significantly suppressed the expression of the M and F genes of HRSV compared to lipofectamine 3000™. This suppression was evident in both short-term experiments and scenarios involving stable shRNA expression. Furthermore, the combination of ribavirin with shRNA treatment resulted in a substantial reduction in viral load. Notably, the most pronounced antiviral effect was observed when both shRNAs were employed simultaneously. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Tat peptide-mediated delivery of shRNA plasmids holds significant potential for achieving stable suppression of HRSV genes. This approach warrants further investigation as a potential gene therapy strategy for HRSV. By demonstrating promising results in vitro, this study highlights the need for future in vivo studies to comprehensively evaluate the therapeutic potential of this approach in a clinical setting.
COVID-19: An overview on possible transmission ways, sampling matrices and diagnosis
Authors: Armani Khatibi Elina , Farshbaf Moghimi Nastaran , Rahimpour Elaheh
Published: May 2024

COVID-19 is an RNA virus belonging to the SARS family of viruses and includes a wide range of symptoms along with effects on other body organs in addition to the respiratory system. The high speed of transmission, severe complications, and high death rate caused scientists to focus on this disease. Today, many different investigation types are performed on COVID-19 from various points of view in the literature. This review summarizes most of them to provide a useful guideline for researchers in this field. After a general introduction, this review is divided into three parts. In the first one, various transmission ways COVID-19 are classified and explained in detail. The second part reviews the used biological samples for the detection of virus and the final section describes the various methods reported for the diagnosis of COVID-19 in various biological matrices.
Detection of Excipient–Excipient Interaction in Dry Powder Inhaler Formulation Prepared by Spray Drying
Authors: Gholizadeh-Hashjin Aiesheh , Hamishehkar Hamed , Monajjemzadeh Farnaz
Published: May 2024

Background: Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are dosage forms that are used via the pulmonary route. Their formulations include two major parts; drug substance and carrier. For many years, DPIs have been made with lactose, a particularly popular carrier. Leucine has drawn more attention in recent years when it comes to DPI formulations made using the spray drying technique. Leucine was utilized in conjunction with carriers like lactose to enhance physicochemical and aerosolization properties. Method: In this investigation, when lactose and leucine were co-spray dried, the color of powders around the cyclone separators of the spray dryer turned brown while the produced powder in the collector was white. Both the white powder inside the collector and the brown powder around the cyclone separators were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) to determine the identity of the degraded chemicals and to look for any potential interactions. Results: A new peak at 177 ºC in DSC analysis is a sign of interaction. Also, FT-IR analysis shows the new peak at 1627 cm-1 which is related to the carbonyl group. According to SEM and XRD analysis co spray dried leucine-lactose is amorphous. Obtained data from LC-MS analysis indicates the adduct compound of leucine-lactose that resulted from the Maillard reaction was detected in both white and brown powder. Also, the reaction proceeded to form n-formyl compound. Conclusion: There is a possibility of lactose and leucine incompatibility during DPIs manufacturing, especially in elevated temperature and humidity.
Assessment of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Effects on the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Cyclophosphamide-Induced Damage in Human Granulosa Cells
Authors: Yahyavi Yahya , Karimi Abbas , Ebrahimi-Kalan Abbas , Ramezani Fatemeh , Hasanzadeh Mahdi , Yousefi Soudabe , Sadrekarimi Hourieh , Abouasoltani Neda , Nouri Mohammad , Edalati Mahdi
Published: May 2024

Background: Chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian failure is a prevalent issue for cancer patients, and current treatment options are associated with limitations. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has emerged as a safe and straightforward treatment option for various medical conditions, including infertility. The study aims to assess the impact of PRP on the follicular function of granulosa cells damaged with Cyclophosphamide (CTX). Methods: The study evaluated the biological characteristics of Human Granulosa Cells (HGrC1) that were damaged with 4 hydroxy-cyclophosphamide (4-HC) as the active form of CTX. Then, cells were treated with different concentrations of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and the expression of PI3K, K-RAS, BCL-2, P27, and Caspase 3 genes were analyzed. Cell viability and apoptosis were also assessed. Results: In the MTT assay, it was observed that cells treated with Cyclophosphamide had a faster growth rate when exposed to high concentrations of PRP. The results of the apoptosis assay using Annexin-V and propidium iodide (PI) revealed that PRP effectively inhibited apoptosis and enhanced cell proliferation across all incubation periods (24, 48, and 72 hours). Compared to untreated cells, those treated with different concentrations of PRP showed significantly lower levels of apoptosis, indicating higher cell viability. Real-time PCR results demonstrated that PRP treatment decreased the expression of apoptotic factors P27 and caspase 3 while increasing the expression of genes that promote cell survival and proliferation, such as BCL-2, PI3K, and K-RAS. These findings are consistent with previous research, which suggests that the growth factors present in platelets have anti-apoptotic effects and promote high rates of cell proliferation. Conclusion: The study suggests that PRP therapy may have potential benefits in promoting follicular growth and repairing ovarian tissue. However, further research is necessary to establish novel therapeutic strategies based on PRP therapy for treating infertility.
Response Surface Methodology Approach to Optimize the Expression of Thioredoxin-MOG Fusion Protein
Authors: Radmard Maryam , Hashemi Atieh
Published: May 2024

Background: The N-terminal domain of the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) has been shown to generate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. A considerable amount of MOG must be accessible for EAE induction. Here, for the first time, Response Surface Methodology-Box-Behnken (RSM-BBD) was employed to identify the ideal culture conditions for causing Escherichia coli (E. coli) BL21 to overproduce the Thioredoxin-MOG (Trx-MOG) fusion protein. The RSM method is a powerful, efficient, and reliable alternative to the One-Factor-At-A-Time (OFAT) method in optimizing process variables, allowing for a smaller number of experimental runs, investigating variable interaction, and being cheaper and less time-consuming. Methods: Here, using the 29 experimental assays, the direct and indirect effects of factors including post-induction time, IPTGinducer concentration, pre-induction optical density, and post-induction temperature on the protein expression level content were evaluated. Results: The proposed quadratic model demonstrated a significant effect of the two variables A (time) and C (temperature) on protein synthesis. An inducer concentration of 0.491 mM, the pre-induction optical density (OD600) of 0.8, and a temperature of 23 °C for 23.878 hours were found to be the best growth conditions for high yield Trx-MOG synthesis. The optimum protein concentration was attained (163.96 µg/mL) and was within the range of (200.04 µg/mL), which was the value predicted. Conclusion: The study concluded that RSM optimization effectively increased the production of Trx-MOG in E. coli, which could have the potential for large-scale fermentation.
Diagnostic system for assessing the stereotype of movement
Authors:   Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Polukarov N. V. , Barskova E.M. , Kuklev A.D. , Volkova M.V.
Published: May 2024

Russia does not have its own developments of «smart» shoes, as well as diagnostics of pathologies associated with walking upright. Currently, there are no universal diagnostic systems that allow not only to evaluate movement parameters: speed, step length, acceleration and braking parameters, but also to identify pathologies and problems that may affect shock loads on the foot in the future. One of the most important tasks of our system is precisely to identify predisposition to injuries and diseases and diagnose them at an early stage. As well as the development of a complex of rehabilitation measures for therapeutic and restorative procedures in the treatment of patients (having initial zero walking parameters, the doctor will be able to see whether he is approaching the initial data in rehabilitation after a patient’s injury or not). Gait analysis has traditionally been performed in the laboratory using expensive equipment, but recently reliable, affordable and wearable sensors have made it possible to integrate it into clinical applications, as well as use it in everyday life. The article describes an innovative solution — a software and hardware complex, its functionality and practical application.
Possibilities of combined correction of blood circulation and fat metabolism in hypertension and obesity
Authors:   FSBEI HE «Lipetsk State Pedagogical University named after P.P. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky», Golovanov S.A.
Published: May 2024

We examined 142 male patients, aged from 36 to 50 years, with a diastolic blood pressure level in the range of 90-104 mmHg. All patients received basic therapy with enalapril 10 mg per day. Patients with obesity and hypertension and patients suffering only from hypertension, in addition to basic therapy, received trecrezan at a dose of 600 mg/day for 21 days, 2 courses for 6 months. Trecrezan improved lipid metabolism and cardiac hemodynamic parameters.
Hardware and software complex for creating a digital passport of an athlete’smotor stereotype
Authors:   Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Polukarov N.V. , Barskova E.M. , Kuklev A.D.
Published: May 2024

The key feature of the dynamic stereotype in sports is that it is formed asstable only for standard movements, in the case of situational movements it has labilityand is determined by temporal and spatial characteristics. A more in-depth study of biomechanical processes within the framework of the athlete’s motor stereotype allows us to develop and implement effective approaches to preparing for competitive activity,as well as to form ideas about the recovery of athletes after injuries and competitions. Currently, in the process of training athletes, digital technologies are increasingly being used to create an up-to-date digital passport of athletes’ motor activity. The article presents modern data on the use of a software and hardware complex in the process ofcreating a digital passport of an athlete’s motor stereotype.
Effect of 1-(hydroxygermatrane monohydrate) on rate of healing of skin burn wounds
Authors:   Lipetsk State Pedagogical University named after P.P. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky, Solupaeva L.V.
Published: May 2024

It has been experimentally established that when treating burn wounds of the skin by applying a solution of 1-(hydroxygermatrane monohydrate) at a concentration of 10 vol% in a 30% aqueous solution of dimethyl sulfoxide, an increase in the intensity of proliferative and reparative processes is ensured in the conditions of correction of burn healing skin wounds. In particular, the healing of a burn lesion with applications of 10 vol% 1-(hydroxygermatrane monohydrate) in a 30% solution of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) occurs significantly 46.6% faster than with the use of 30% DMSO alone.Accelerated healing of a burn lesion with applications of 10 vol% 1-(hydroxygermatranemonohydrate) in a 30% solution of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) leads to a multiplereduction, even to zero, in the number of post-burn keloid scars.
Quantitative analysis as a tool for searching for an optimal irradiation plan for acancer patient
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Institution “N.N. Blokhin” of the Russian Ministry of Health, Lebedenko I.M.
Published: May 2024

The goal of the work was to find the optimal plan for irradiating a patient according to the homogeneity index. The HI dose homogeneity indices within the targetwere assessed depending on the patient irradiation technology for several nosologies:cervical cancer, lung cancer, prostate and breast cancer. Taking into account theprognostic capabilities of the HI index for relapse-free survival, the optimal irradiationtechnology was selected for each nosology. It has been shown, in particular, that when irradiating cervical cancer, 3D conformal radiation therapy technologies 3DCRT and radiation therapy with intensity modulation IMRT are suitable; for lung cancer, the technology of radiation therapy with intensity modulation in the rotational mode RapidArc has advantages; for prostate cancer, the technology dominates Rapid Arc. In breastcancer, 3D CRT technology dominates.
Smart fibres in forensics
Authors:   Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police, Razarenkow Katarzyna
Published: May 2024

n a publication titled „Smart fibres in forensics” contains collected information on modern textile products such as smart textiles and their connection to special-purpose garments such as military or medical clothing. According to the literature, specialised modifications are quite often used in such clothing, giving the textiles special properties, for example, antiseptic, i.e. bactericidal and fungicidal. This publication presents the main applications of modified fibres and interesting areas of this field that in the future may pose a real challenge in the work of experts involved in the forensic analysis of textiles. Since the population of special-purpose „smart” fibres is quite rare, the evidence secured at the scene of the crime may prove to be very strong material evidence in the case, which seems to be particularly important for those collecting and analysing the collected research material.
A Study on Improvement of Operation for Private Reintegration Facilities
Authors:   The Correction Welfare Society of Korea, Lee Sungkyu , Sung Hyeyeon
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study was to explore effective operating strategies for private rehabilitation facilities by conducting a focus group interview with seven practitioners who work at private rehabilitation facilities. Results of the focus group interview identified two main themes, seven sub-themes, and sixteen units of meaning that influence the effective operation of private rehabilitation facilities. As the first main theme, the factors contributing to the effective operation of private rehabilitation facilities were analyzed into two sub-themes: ‘inclusive mindset towards ex-offenders’ and ‘experience-based practice.’ As the second main theme, the factors hindering the effective operation of private rehabilitation facilities were analyzed into five sub-themes: ‘insufficient operating budget’, ‘poor staffing situation’, ‘ineffective services’, ‘inefficient administrative supervision’, and ‘institutional discrimination and exclusion.’ Based on these research findings, this study discussed practical and policy implications for the effective operation strategies for private rehabilitation facilities targeting ex-offenders.
Perspectives of CHUN JUNG HWAN emeritus professor on Psychological aspect of Korean Jessica's Bill
Authors:   The Correction Welfare Society of Korea, CHUNG JUNG HWAN
Published: May 2024

In Korea, there has been a divere public security measures against increasing sex offenders and sex crimes until 2022.
But, underlying divere public security measures has been a political and social interest and secret populism is deeply embedded in the foundation of divere security measures against increasing sex offenders and sex crimes. Therefore, in that context, competitive sensational reporting by korean media and the more sensational new media, etc has overproduced in unrest in the wake of the residents' anxiety which was raised ahead of the release of high-risk sex offenders until 2020. Korean political elite group with communicated with the ruling part announced-in a loud and splendid manne- in the name of public interest policy the strong security measures called the Korean Jessica bill in 2023.
But, this bill is an improvised anti-unconstitutional policy and mobocracy based on the punishment populism of public opinion.The bill has a very political character. Therefore, the human rights group raised the issue on the legal side of security measures called the Korean Jessica bill and in response to their criticism. korean policy makers revised the legislative notice and put it forward by the government in January 2024. But, the Government's amendments are still in place is being criticized for double punishment and so on. The feature of the government's amendments of security measures called the Korean Jessica bill in January 2024 is that regulations that can provide psychological treatment for high-risk offenders have been added.
The government with related legislation of the government's amendments of security measures called the Korean Jessica bill also proposed an amendment to strengthen the contents of the Chemical Castration Act.
Chemical Castration Act, a characteristic of body and family punishment prohibited by the Constitution is secret symbolic violence against the Constitution and the rule of law in South Korea. But, the essential problem of family punishment which is immanent in Korean chemical castration act against the Constitution remains lonely on a lonely uninhabited land in the indifference of the media and political circles.
Although it's an anti-unconstitutional personality that can be criticized in terms of psychology, correctional welfare, economic, judicial welfare, protective welfare and family welfare political and sociological aspects ,judicial welfare and so on, criticisms against the Korean Jessica bill by the Ministry of Justice has an interdisciplinary limit that is approached only from the legal aspect and there is diverse criticism in terms of diverse views. Therefore, I provide an original opinion from a protective welfare perspective after pointing out the psychological aspects, which are expected problem if the Korean Jessica Act is implemented after pointing out the path-dependent limitations of korean protective welfare bureaucratic regime which can be rationalized by scientific and quantification.
Kentlerde Suç ve Akıllı Kentler Yaklaşımı Ekseninde Türkiye’de Kentleşme ve Kent Güvenliği
Authors: Ak Tarık
Published: May 2024

Son yıllarda dünyadaki genel gelişmelerle birlikte Türkiye’de de kent ve kent güvenliği üzerine tartışmalar yoğun ilgi görmektedir. Özellikle bir taraftan kırsaldan kentlere göç, kentin kendine özgü, barınma, ulaşım, altyapı ve çevre sorunları diğer taraftan kentlerde yaşayan insanların kente özgü sosyal ve idari kurallara uyum gereksinimi, yaşam biçimlerinde farklılaşma ve toplumsal değişme faktörleri kentte huzur ve güvenliği sağlayacak farklı yaklaşımlara ihtiyaç göstermiştir. Günümüzde kentin güvenliği konusu, temel ve hak özgürlüklere engel olmadan kolluk tedbirleriyle birlikte teknolojiden de faydalanılarak kentin mekânsal açıdan tasarımı, planlanması ve inşasını da temel alacak bir yaklaşıma evrilmiştir. Bu süreçte özellikle kentte suçların ortaya çıkmasına ortam sağlayan toplumsal ve mekânsal koşullara da odaklanılması hedeflenmiştir. Bu kapsamda çalışmanın temel araştırma sorusu, dünyada kent ve güvenlik yaklaşımları bağlamında Türkiye’nin kent güvenliği üzerine durumunun ne olduğu tespitidir. Bunun için ilk olarak, kent ve kent yönetimi kavramlarında güvenliğin önemi incelenmiştir. Müteakiben kent güvenliği ve güvenli kent yaklaşımları değerlendirilmiş ve son olarak Türkiye’deki kentlerin durumu, güvenli kent yaklaşımı ve mevzuatı açısından tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma ile Türkiye’de kent ve güvenliğe ilişkin yaklaşımların ve mevzuatın geliştirilmesine katkı sağlanması hedeflenmiştir.
LEGAL FRAMEWORK TO REGULATE THE COMMERCIAL EXPLOITATION OF SPACE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THE UAE SPACE REGULATION LAW
Authors: Aldabousi Ahmed Moustafa
Published: May 2024

Outer space activities and technology represent some of the most crucial challenges that countries need to exploit commercially. This commercial exploitation is driven by specific goals, including enhancing economic prosperity, fostering technological advancement, and promoting international cooperation in space endeavors. The commercial exploitation of outer space implies that space activities serve as profitable ventures, making space technology and activities essential components across various promising commercial sectors for countries aiming to boost their economic growth, particularly concerning satellite communications, space travel, space tourism, extraterrestrial mining, and remote sensing. Commercial investment in space plays a significant role in increasing countries’ economic prosperity and directly impacts their economic growth and development. At the conclusion of our research, we have developed a set of recommendations, the most notable of which are as follows: 1) We recommend the establishment of an international system governing the commercial exploitation of outer space, named the International System for the Commercial Exploitation of Outer Space, under the auspices of the United Nations. This system aims to regulate activities in outer space and delineate the maximum scientific potential for commercial exploitation of outer space. 2) We advocate the creation of an international organization tasked with supervising and regulating commercial operations in outer space. This organization would serve as a mechanism for resolving disputes arising from commercial exploitation in outer space.