bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of different doses of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to lignocaine nebulization: A comparative study during awake flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy
Authors: Kumar Amarjeet , Kumari Poonam , Sinha Chandni , Kumar Ajeet , Karmakar Saurabh
Published: March 2024

Background and Aims:

Mild to moderate sedation during bronchoscopy is essential for patient safety, comfort during and after the procedure, and to facilitate the performance of the bronchoscopist. Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective, centrally acting α-2 agonist used to provide conscious sedation during various procedures. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of three different doses of dexmedetomidine nebulization as an adjuvant to lignocaine during bronchoscopy.

Material and Methods:

Ninety American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I/II patients, aged from 18 to 60 years, scheduled for an elective bronchoscopy, were recruited. They were divided into three groups: 30 patients in each group. Group I: The patient was nebulized with a mixture of 4 ml of 4% lignocaine and dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg. Group II: The patient was nebulized with a mixture of 4% lignocaine, 4 ml, and dexmedetomidine, 1 μg/kg. Group III: The patient was nebulized with 4% lignocaine 4 ml and dexmedetomidine 1.5 μg/kg.

Results:

The mean cough score was (1.17 ± 0.37), (1.40 ± 0.49), and (1.70 ± 0.75) in group III, group II, and group I, respectively. A significant difference was found between the groups. Patients were more comfortable with a statistically significant difference in the comfort score in group III as compared to group II and group I.

Conclusion:

Dexmedetomidine nebulization in a dose of 1.5 μg/kg (compared to 1 μg/kg or 0.5 μg/kg) as an adjuvant to lignocaine, provides better bronchoscopy conditions and patient satisfaction.
Determinants of gastric residual volume before elective surgery in diabetic patients: An observational study
Authors: Aydın Berrak Sebil , Güldoğan Işıl Köse
Published: March 2024

Background:

We investigated factors affecting the low- and high-risk groups for aspiration by measuring gastric volume with ultrasound in diabetic patients who fasted for elective surgery.

Methods:

The study was conducted as an observational study. Sixty-five patients scheduled for elective surgery, aged 18–86 years, with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) scores II–III, and who have diabetes were included after local ethics committee approval. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Demographic data of cases were recorded. Patients whose gastric residual volume (GRV) was calculated using the pupils equal, round, reactive to light, and accommodation (PERLA) formula following gastric antrum measurement in the right lateral decubitus and supine position by ultrasound were categorized as low or high risk for aspiration.

Results:

Thirty-one patients were in the low-risk group, and 34 patients were in the high-risk group. Sex, weight, body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values, and duration of diabetes were not statistically significant (p > 0.5). Age (p = 0.006) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) (p = 0.005) were statistically significant. The risk of aspiration decreases with age. Hyperglycemia is related to delayed gastric emptying and a high risk for aspiration. The duration of fasting, GRV, and cross-sectional area (CSA) were statistically significant (p = 0.017, p = 0.000, and p = 0.000, respectively).

Conclusion:

Gastric emptying might be delayed in diabetic patients resulting in a high risk for aspiration pneumonia. The risk of aspiration increases in young diabetic patients, and preoperative FBG measurements can provide an idea about gastric emptying in diabetic patients. Gastric ultrasound (USG) may contribute to guidelines for determining more appropriate fasting times for other patient populations, such as obese, pregnant, or child patients.
Pathways of dye spread after injections in the paraspinal spaces—A cadaveric study
Authors: Diwan Sandeep , Shivamallappa Shivprakash , Timane Rasika , Pai Pallavi , Gupta Anju
Published: March 2024

Background:

The erector spinae plane (ESP) block is the most sought-after block since its inception. However, it is more of dorsal rami block with unpredictable ventral diffusion to the paravertebral area. We injected dye in ESP and other paraspinal spaces to study and compare the dye diffusion pattern along the neuroaxis and paraspinal region in human cadavers.

Methods:

In six soft-embalmed cadavers (12 specimens), 20 mL methylene blue dye (erector spinae plane and paravertebral space) or indocyanine green dye (inter-ligament space) was injected bilaterally using an in-plane ultrasound-guided technique at the level of the costotransverse junction of fourth thoracic vertebrae. Dye spread was evaluated bilaterally in the coronal plane in the paravertebral and intercostal spaces from the 1st and the 12th rib. Axial and sagittal sections were performed at the level of the 4th thoracic vertebrae. After cross sections, the extent of dye spread was investigated in ESP, inter-ligament, and paravertebral spaces. The staining of the ventral and dorsal rami and spread into the intercostal spaces was evaluated.

Results:

ESP injection was mainly restricted dorsal to the costotransverse foramen and did not spread anteriorly to the paravertebral space. The paravertebral injection involved the origin of the spinal nerve and spread laterally to the intercostal space. The inter-ligament space injection showed an extensive anterior and posterior dye spread involving the ventral and dorsal rami.

Conclusions:

Following ESP injection, there was no spread of the dye anteriorly to the paravertebral space and it only involved the dorsal rami. Inter-ligamentous space injection appears to be the most promising block as dye spread both anteriorly to paravertebral space and posteriorly toward ESP.
A rare case of huge frontoethmoidal encephalocele projecting through mouth, with cleft palate
Authors: Rathod Darshana , Goyal Neha , Sharma Ankur , Kumari Kamlesh , Meshram Tanvi
Published: March 2024

Frontoethmoidal encephalocele represents protrusion of meninges and brain in a sac through a defect in the anterior skull base, mostly as swelling over the nose. Rarely it is associated with facial dysmorphism and palatal cleft. There are various perioperative concerns like airway difficulties, leaking from the swelling causing fluid and electrolyte disturbances, risk of infection, compression of the swelling causing a rise in intracranial pressure, bleeding, hypothermia, etc., In neonates, these challenges rise exponentially because of the inherent difficulties in dealing with this group of patients. Frontoethmoidal encephaloceles are common in low socioeconomic strata and are often missed in the antenatal period. We are reporting a rare case of frontoethmoidal encephalocele, with a huge swelling protruding through the cleft palate and occupying more than 50% of the face and oral cavity, making mask ventilation impossible.
Utilizing the integrated dual recording system to enhance documentation and analysis of airway management in children with difficult airway: A case report
Authors: Kajino Tatsuo , Ichiyanagi Shogo , Kako Hiromi
Published: March 2024

This case report highlights the use of an integrated Dual Recording System (iDRS) to document and analyze airway management. The iDRS combines video laryngoscopy and a wide-angle camera to capture dual-view recordings of the larynx and operating room during airway procedures. We utilized this system in a 5-month-old boy with a difficult airway who underwent pulmonary artery banding under general anesthesia. Retrospective video analysis showed discrepancies between written information and iDRS video findings, including differences in the desaturation cause, description of airway procedures, and effectiveness of interventions. Video analysis facilitated a revised airway management strategy for subsequent anesthesia for cardiac catheterization. This emphasizes the value of the comprehensive information provided by iDRS recordings that facilitate effective post-procedure analysis and better planning of airway management strategies for subsequent care, which ultimately improves clinical decision-making and patient care.
Association of malignant hyperthermia and exertional heat illness in young athletes: An analysis of awareness among clinical and athletic first responders
Authors: Watt Stacey , Chue James , Kocz Remek
Published: March 2024

Background:

Malignant hyperthermia (MH), a rare inherited condition seen almost exclusively in the perioperative setting, is triggered by volatile anesthetics or an intravenous paralytic drug, succinylcholine. It can, however, occur without any exposure to anesthetic drugs, being associated with heat illness and rhabdomyolysis, thus presenting a little-known risk to young athletes exercising in hot environments.

Objective:

This study aimed to determine the first responder awareness of MH and its association with heat illness in young athletes within athletic and clinical environments.

Methods:

Awareness within the clinical milieu was assessed by an institutional chart review of 3296 charts. The identified heat illness cases were examined for treatment consistent with the management of a suspected episode of MH. Awareness among first responders in an athletic setting was examined by a survey administered to a total of 1,500 coaches and athletic trainers at the high school level along with emergency medical services providers across the United States.

Results:

No treatment consistent with the suspicion of MH was noted among clinical first responders, suggesting a lack of awareness. Survey administration also revealed a limited amount of knowledge of MH and its potential role in heat illness.

Conclusion:

The results point to lack of awareness among pre-hospital and hospital-based first responders of the relationship between MH and heat illness in young athletes. An effort to educate these members of the healthcare community can contribute to an expeditious and life-saving intervention.

Clinical Relevance:

First responders who may interact with a young athlete have low knowledge of MH and its relationship to heat illness. Similar lack of awareness exists among hospital personnel who care for young individuals with heat illness. Educating the first responders about this condition can speed up the time to intervene and save lives.
Dexmedetomidine as an effective alternative tool for heart rate control in atrial fibrillation during general anesthesia—A case report
Authors: Heo Min Hee , Cho Min Ji , Lee Sang Il , Kim Kyung Woo
Published: March 2024

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia requiring effective heart rate (HR) management. Conventional therapies may not always achieve the desired HR control during intraoperative conditions. We present two cases of AF patients in whom dexmedetomidine, an alpha-2 receptor agonist, was utilized during surgery when conventional treatments proved ineffective. In Case 1, a 65-year-old male with multiple comorbidities underwent surgery. Despite receiving intraoperative medications for AF, his HR remained uncontrolled. Dexmedetomidine successfully stabilized his HR without complications. In Case 2, a 75-year-old male with heart disease experienced a sudden HR surge during surgery, which remained uncontrolled despite conventional treatment. Dexmedetomidine effectively managed his HR, ensuring a safer surgical course. While the primary indication of dexmedetomidine is not arrhythmia management, this case report suggests its potential in challenging cases. Further research is needed to explore its therapeutic role in tachyarrhythmia management and establish appropriate dosing strategies.
Effect of denture base acrylic resin containing silver nanoparticles on Candida Albicans adhesion and its release in artificial saliva
Authors: Sonkol Nagwa M. A. El-Fatah , Kashef Nahed A. K. , El-Segai Azza A. El- Moneim , El-Badry Anwer S. M.
Published: March 2024

Background

Candida albicans was considered a main reason of precipitate formations and decomposition of acrylic denture base; so many trials were objected to resist this microbial action and prolong the shelf life of the formulated fitting base.

Aim of the work

The present study aimed to adopt a new mixture of the silver nanoparticles with the PMMA denture base to get a prolonged antimicrobial protection for the formed base against Candida albicans.

Statement of problem

Accumulation of Candida Albicans on fitting surface of poly methyl meth-acrylate (PMMA) denture base.

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of denture base acrylic resin containing silver Nanoparticles (Ag NP) on Candida Albicans adhesion and its release in artificial saliva.

Materials and methods

Sixty round disks with dimensions of 15 mm diameter and 3 mm thickness specimens were prepared for this research. Control group A: 10 specimens were prepared from pure PMMA. Experimental group B: 50 specimens were prepared from PMMA containing 5% of Ag NP. Isolation and identification of Candida Albicans were taken from oral cavity of 10 patients by swabbing. The Specimens were immersed in artificial saliva for 3, 6, and 9 months. Microbiological test was done for specimens of each group to detect Candida Albicans accumulation at the same interval period by measuring the inhibition zone created around the disks. Specimens were taken from the artificial saliva to evaluate silver release in it by using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer Instrument ‘SHIMADZO UV-310 PC. For Spectrophotometer 1.0 cm and/or 0.2 cm matched silica cells. The amount of accumulated silver released was calculated to detect its cytotoxic effect1.

Results

For control group A there was no inhibition zone for Candida growth around the specimens. While for group B with Ag NP the greatest antimicrobial effect was found at zero time then was decreased gradually with increasing the time till reaching zero effect after 9 months resembling the control group. The amount of Nano silver in artificial saliva after 3 months was found to be little then it was increased gradually with increasing time.

Conclusion

Adding Ag NP to PMMA denture base has antimicrobial effect against Candida Albicans for only 9 months; then there was no effect as silver was released in saliva. The amount of released silver was found to be with no cytotoxic effect.
Digital Visual Design Reengineering and Application Based on K-means Clustering Algorithm
Authors: Ren Lijie , Kim Hyunsuk
Published: March 2024

INTRODUCTION: The article discusses the key steps in digital visual design reengineering, with a special emphasis on the importance of information decoding and feature extraction for flat cultural heritage. These processes not only minimize damage to the aesthetic heritage itself but also feature high quality, efficiency, and recyclability.OBJECTIVES: The aim of the article is to explore the issues of gene extraction methods in digital visual design reengineering, proposing a visual gene extraction method through an improved K-means clustering algorithm.METHODS: A visual gene extraction method based on an improved K-means clustering algorithm is proposed. Initially analyzing the digital visual design reengineering process, combined with a color extraction method using the improved JSO algorithm-based K-means clustering algorithm, a gene extraction and clustering method for digital visual design reengineering is proposed and validated through experiments.RESULT: The results show that the proposed method improves the accuracy, robustness, and real-time performance of clustering. Through comparative analysis with Dunhuang murals, the effectiveness of the color extraction method based on the K-means-JSO algorithm in the application of digital visual design reengineering is verified. The method based on the K-means-GWO algorithm performs best in terms of average clustering time and standard deviation. The optimization curve of color extraction based on the K-means-JSO algorithm converges faster and with better accuracy compared to the K-means-ABC, K-means-GWO, K-means-DE, K-means-CMAES, and K-means-WWCD algorithms.CONCLUSION: The color extraction method of the K-means clustering algorithm improved by the JSO algorithm proposed in this paper solves the problems of insufficient standardization in feature selection, lack of generalization ability, and inefficiency in visual gene extraction methods.
K-theory of co-existentially closed continua
Authors: Eagle Christopher J. , Lau Joshua
Published: March 2024

We describe the possible values of $K$-theory for $C(X)$ when $X$ is a co-existentially closed continuum.  As a consequence we also show that all pseudo-solenoids, except perhaps the universal one, are not co-existentially closed.
Human-artificial intelligence interaction in gastrointestinal endoscopy
Authors: Campion John R , O'Connor Donal B , Lahiff Conor
Published: March 2024

The number and variety of applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy is growing rapidly. New technologies based on machine learning (ML) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are at various stages of development and deployment to assist patients and endoscopists in preparing for endoscopic procedures, in detection, diagnosis and classification of pathology during endoscopy and in confirmation of key performance indicators. Platforms based on ML and CNNs require regulatory approval as medical devices. Interactions between humans and the technologies we use are complex and are influenced by design, behavioural and psychological elements. Due to the substantial differences between AI and prior technologies, important differences may be expected in how we interact with advice from AI technologies. Human–AI interaction (HAII) may be optimised by developing AI algorithms to minimise false positives and designing platform interfaces to maximise usability. Human factors influencing HAII may include automation bias, alarm fatigue, algorithm aversion, learning effect and deskilling. Each of these areas merits further study in the specific setting of AI applications in GI endoscopy and professional societies should engage to ensure that sufficient emphasis is placed on human-centred design in development of new AI technologies.
Computed tomography for the prediction of oesophageal variceal bleeding: A surrogate or complementary to the gold standard?
Authors: Fouad Yasser , Alboraie Mohamed
Published: March 2024

In this editorial we comment on the in-press article in the World Journal of Gastrointestinal endoscopy about the role of computed tomography (CT) for the prediction of esophageal variceal bleeding. The mortality and morbidity are much increased in patients with chronic liver diseases when complicated with variceal bleeding. Predicting the patient at a risk of bleeding is extremely important and receives a great deal of attention, paving the way for primary prophylaxis either using medical treatment including carvedilol or propranolol, or endoscopic band ligation. Endoscopic examination and the hepatic venous pressure gradient are the gold standards in the diagnosis and prediction of variceal bleeding. Several non-invasive laboratory and radiological examinations are used for the prediction of variceal bleeding. The contrast-enhanced multislice CT is a widely used non-invasive, radiological examination that has many advantages. In this editorial we briefly comment on the current research regarding the use of CT as a non-invasive tool in predicting the variceal bleeding.
Synthesis, spectroscopic and biological characterizations of platinum(IV), ruthenium(III) and iridium(III) theophylline complexes
Authors: A. El-Habeeb Abeer , S. Refat Moamen
Published: March 2024

This study used micro-analyses, (FTIR, UV-Vis) spectra, magnetic, thermogravimetric, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) patterns, and transmittance electron microscopy (TEM) techniques to characterize three synthesized theophylline (TPH) complexes with ruthenium(III), platinum(IV), and iridium(III) metal ions. The metal ions indicated above were found to align with the TPH drug chelate as a mono-dentate ligand via the deprotonated NH group at the nitrogen atom position N7, as verified by FTIR measurements. Additionally, the complexes conductivity and magnetic susceptibility were examined. The octahedral geometry for the synthesized complexes was proposed by the current data. Except for the iridium(III) complex, which has a non-electrolytic nature due to the presence of a chlorine atom inside the chelation sphere, the molar conductivity of the complexes in DMSO solution was electrolyte in nature. Theophylline complexes with a (metal: ligand) stoichiometry of 1:2 were produced. The TPH complexes have also been tested in vitro against G(+) bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus Aureus) and G(-) bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) to evaluate their antibacterial efficacy. Human breast and liver cancer cell lines were used as a test for the TPH complexes in vitro anti-cancer properties.

KEY WORDS: Theophylline, Metal ions, Chelation, Octahedral, Spectral analysis, Nano-particles, Biological evaluation

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(3), 725-738.                                                              

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i3.14
Design, synthesis of novel Schiff bases as potential insecticidal agents against Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Alkorbi Faeza , A. Abdelaziz Mahmoud , Mazi Wafa , Omer Noha , Jame Rasha , A. Gad Mohamed , A. Omran Omran , M. Ali Ali
Published: March 2024

In the present work, novel series of Schiff base 2-7 were synthesized via treatment of p-tosyloxy benzaldehyde with some indole and quinoxaline derivatives in ethanol under reflux. All product structures were verified using elemental analysis and spectroscopic investigations, including 13C NMR, 1H NMR, and IR. Our research was conducted on the insecticidal activity, and biological effects of the recently synthesized Schiff bases on S. frugiperda. The results showed that compound 5 was the most active insecticide, nearly surpassing methomyl as a reference, with LC50 values of 46.35 mg/L for second-instar larvae and 97.37 mg/L for fourth-instar larvae. This research opened up new avenues for the search for a novel class of insecticide.

KEY WORDS: Schiff bases, Spodoptera frugiperda, Insecticidal activity, Biological aspects, Toxicity

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(3), 765-774.                                                              

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i3.17
New approaches for the synthesis of chromene and quinoline derivatives and their anti-proliferative, morphological studies
Authors: Milad Mohareb Rafat , Maged Labib Hanan
Published: March 2024

This work aimed to evaluate the anticancer potential of the novel 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromenes against selected six cancer cell lines together with the prostate cancer cell line PC-3. A novel series of substituted 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromenes were synthesized through feasible synthetic strategy. The synthetic schemes involve firstly the multi-component reactions of dimedone with the aromatic aldehydes and ethyl acetoacetate to produce the 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromenes derivatives. On the other hand, carrying the same reactions using NH4OAc produced the hexahydroquinoline compounds. Anti-proliferative evaluations and inhibitions for all synthesized compounds toward selected cancer cell lines were carried out and the results revealed that many of them exhibited high inhibitions. Morphology of A549 cell line by the effect of compounds 14f and 16c was performed.

KEY WORDS: Anti-proliferative activity, Chromene derivatives, Morphology, Multi-component reactions

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(3), 775-798.                                                            

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i3.18
Prolific application of green synthesised CdS nanoparticles for the sequestration of cationic dyes from aqueous solution
Authors: Tamil Elakkiya G. , Sundararajan G. , Lakshmipathy R. , Anitha P. , Muruganantham N.
Published: March 2024

Synthesis of cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles using watermelon rind aqueous extract was explored for its effectiveness in eliminating Methylene Blue (MB) and Crystal Violet (CV) dyes from water. The synthesised CdS nanoparticles were characterised with XRD, TEM and EDX and found to be around 10 nm in size with spherical shape. A central composite design was developed to optimise independent variables such as pH, contact time and initial concentrations. The developed quadratic model was found to be significant with p-value <0.0001 and lack of fit >0.005 suggesting the reliability of the model. Isotherm modelling analysis revealed that Langmuir and Freundlich's isotherms provided better explanation for the equilibrium data. The loading capacities of the CdS nanoparticles were found be 227.3 and 185.1 mg g-1, respectively for MB and CV. The experimental data showed a good fit with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating that chemical reactions were the determining factor in controlling the rate-limiting step. Thermodynamic analyses indicated that the process was spontaneous and exothermic. Desorption and regeneration investigations demonstrated that CdS nanoparticles could be successfully regenerated up to 5 times and reused in the adsorption process. The results conclude that the CdS nanoparticles are capable of remediating water containing cationic dyes.

KEY WORDS: Watermelon rind, CdS nanoparticles, Synthetic dyes, Adsorption, RSM

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(3), 631-645.                                                           

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i3.7
Preliminary
Authors: Titanji Vincent P.K.
Published: March 2024

No Abstract.
Science Advisory to Governments and Regional/Sub-Regional Organizations in West and Central Africa
Authors: Mbah David A. , Diallo Madiagne , Guewo-Fokeng Magellan
Published: March 2024

Science advice to governments and regional and sub-regional organizations in West and Central Africa has been reviewed. The objectives  were to analyze its evolution and characterize the sources of advice. During the colonial period, it was by the colonial administrations and  for their needs. At independence, in general, the new nations (particularly French speaking) entered into agreements with the  former colonial powers to develop science, technology and innovation capacity for sustainable development. English speaking nations  sought more partners outside the colonial experience. Colonial research institutes were increasingly transformed into national research  institutes/institutions with national development mandates. Governments increasingly turned to science advice from consultants, inter- ministerial committees, advisory bodies, ad hoc experts’ groups, or a combination of these. Regional/sub-regional organizations sought  advice from consultants, ad hoc technical experts’ groups, advisory bodies or a combination of these. Increasingly, science advice is  delivered by Africans. Science advice by science academies is most rigorous. The arrival of more science academies, with varying links  with governments, indicates that evidence-based science advice is growing in the region.
Non-governmental Organizations’ programmes and Poverty Alleviation in Enugu State Nigeria
Authors: Walter Ezeodili , Okwueze Felicia , Emeka Onah Vitalis
Published: March 2024

There has been tremendous involvement of NonGovernmental Organizations in helping governments alleviate poverty in Nigeria. This study therefore investigated the programmes of Non-governmental Organizations towards alleviating poverty using Enugu State as a  case study. Specifically, it sought to examine the poverty alleviation programmes embarked upon by the NGOs; to ascertain how these programmes impacted on poverty alleviation; and to determine the various challenges affecting the success of these programmes in  Enugu State. Descriptive survey design was employed for the investigation. Three (3) notable NGOs were engaged in the study.  Population of the study was 527 persons comprising of staff of the three NGOs involved in the study and the beneficiaries of their  programmes. Questionnaire instrument was used to elicit data for the study. T-test analysis technique was used to test the hypotheses  formulated. Findings of the study revealed that there are various programmes initiated by NGOs in Enugu State and these programmes  positively impacted on the citizens. However, these organizations were found to face various challenges which include limited funding,  infrastructural deficiency, etc. The study recommended among other recommendations that NGOs should collaborate with government  and private sector organizations to address funding and infrastructure deficiencies.
Influence of Outsourcing on Performance of Nigeria Petroleum Development Company, Benin City Nigeria
Authors: Enabunene Israel Osazee , Chukwuemeka Emma
Published: March 2024

This study investigated the influence of outsourcing on the performance of Nigeria petroleum development company, three objectives  and three research questions was design to guild the study. The study adopted quantitative research techniques, using the taro yamani  formula to derive a sample size of 300 respondents was use for the analysis , findings revealed that outsourcing have a significant effect  on the performance of the staff of Nigeria petroleum development company, the study concluded that Outsourcing as perpetuated in Nigeria is a threat to the desired level of economic growth and development of Nigeria workers and recommends among others that Nigeria government managers or Administrators should Endeavour to provide more frameworks for selecting outsourcing vendors that  will benefit the organizations in the area of need to avoid financial crisis.
Multi optimization in slot milling of CFRP composites through grey relational- based Taguchi analysis
Authors: Bahei El-Deen A.
Published: March 2024

Carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) composite materials are challenging to machine due to their anisotropy and heterogeneity. Thus, the experimental study of milling CFRP composite material is very crucial. In the current study, based on Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array, slot milling experiments were performed on CFRP composite samples to make a decision on a parametric optimization of multiple responses such as material removal rate (MRR), delamination factor (Fd) and surface roughness (Ra) using grey relational-based Taguchi analysis. The selected milling parameters are cutting speed (A), feed (B), and depth of cut (C). Based on Grey Relational Grade (GRG), Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the parameters' significant contributions and the parameters' optimal levels. The results showed, with a 95% confidence level, that all of the chosen cutting parameters have a substantial impact on all of the measured responses. Based on a confirmatory test performed under ideal milling conditions, MRR has been increased with an improvement of 31.25 %, Fd has been decreased with an improvement of 1.66% and Ra has been decreased with an improvement of 28.3%. These improvements in all measured responses are equivalent to an improvement of GRG by 3%.
Enhancing adsorption capacity of a kaolinite mineral through acid activation and manual blending with a 2:1 clay
Authors: Abu T. O. , Adegoke H. I. , Odebunmi E. O. , Shehzad M. A.
Published: March 2024

The efficiencies of raw and modified kaolinite mineral in removing selected heavy metal ions from their respective aqueous solutions were investigated. The mineral was modified through two different methods; i) activation with HNO3, H2SO4, H3PO4, CH3COOH and C2H2O4 acids to form NK, SK, PK, AK and OK acid activated clays respectively and ii) preparations of 3:1 and 1:1 Kaolinite: Bentonite blends to form UBK and EBK composites respectively through manual blending. The adsorbents were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) analysis for surface area determination. The surface area increased in some of the modified clays from 114.9457 m2/g (RK) to 288.685 m2/g (EBK), 205.92 m2/g (UBK), 162.227 m2/g (NK), 151.335 m2/g (SK), and 115.837 m2/g (OK) but reduced to 113.872 m2/g (PK) and 112.865 m2/g (AK) after modification. Adsorption studies were subsequently conducted out to remove Pb2+, Cd2+ and Ni2+ ions from synthetic solutions. Pb2+ was found to be most removed (383.5 mg g-1 (RK), 591.13 mg g-1 (EBK), 576.61 mg g-1 (UBK), 475 mg g-1 (NK), 450 mg g-1 (SK), and 425 mg g-1 (PK), 375 mg g-1 (OK) and 375 mg g-1 (AK)) with highest removals on the composites.
Nigerian theatre in a digital era
Authors: Ododo Sunday Enessi
Published: March 2024

Within the last two decades, there have been diverse painstaking attempts by Nigerian theatre pedagogues, under the umbrella of the Society of Nigeria Theatre Artists (SONTA), to underscore the germaneness of the theatre in society by constructing themes to address issues of concern in its yearly conference. One of such is the thematic preoccupation of SONTA 2022 which was headlined, “Nigerian Theatre in a Digital Era.” In this paper, we argue against the frame of apprehending the ‘digitalisation’ of Nigerian theatre from the lens of electronic or computerised technology as constructed by the West. We examine the historical boundaries of what it means for a theatre to be in a digital era and more so, at what point would we say that the Nigerian theatre entered its own digital era. The paper draws on historical analysis to contend that Nigerian theatre is caught betwixt the web of Eurocentric apprehension of ‘digitalisation’ and a functionalist logjam of finding relevance in a fast-changing world driven by the Western-styled technology. It submits that the Nigerian theatre is far behind in its attempt to catch up with the Western idealisation of ‘digital theatre’ as the West is gradually shifting from digitalisation to post-digital encounters with emphases on human beings. Hence, the call for a reinterpretation of the digital era in the Nigerian theatre based on a fresh understanding in light of the argument for a post-digital world.
The changing narratives in Nollywood movie viewing through online streaming
Authors: Idyo Solomon , Methuselah Jeremiah
Published: March 2024

The deployment of digital technologies for film production, distribution and marketing in the Nigerian film industry can be considered a giant stride, which has triggered drastic changes in the production values, quality and standards of the industry. This study examines the impact of these digital technologies on Nollywood film industry, howbeit, with particular focus on the changing narratives of movie viewing through online streaming. The study adopted the qualitative methodology, and the use of documents and visual media research instrument was utilized. Thus, different types of documents and other visual media like books and other publications, newspapers and the Internet were used to extract relevant data. Amongst other findings, movie viewing in Nollywood through online streaming has drastically changed the phase of the industry, as it has attracted new deals and secured production partnerships, locally and internationally; created new revenue streams for filmmakers and placed the industry on the global scale of vibrant film cultures. However, amidst these plethora of benefits, there are peculiar challenges that unless tackled, this development would not last. Consequently, this study concludes that, to sustain and maximize the gains of online movie streaming in Nollywood to deliver for the greater good, even in the long run, these loopholes in the system like issues bordering on content development, contractual agreements, cyber security, illegal downloaders etc. should be addressed. This study recommends the respective agencies of government and relevant industry stakeholders should leverage on this great advancement, and expedite action in tackling the issues that will truncate it.
Performing on the cyberspace: The Mupun Njingkook experiment
Authors: Longgul Dakwom Makpring
Published: March 2024

In a networked society where the internet is an enabler, the theatre also takes in certain changes and continues to reshape itself in line with the dominant idea of the time. This paper examines the experiment conducted using Njingkook which is a Mupun storytelling performance. It argues on the frame that the experiment of capturing traditional Mupun stories as content using the video format, and uploading them on the YouTube platform is an avenue to create global audience for the Mupun people. Using the theory of the Networked Society (NS) by Georg Simmel, the paper contends that the world is a networked space and there is a newfound arena in the theatre known as “cyberspace.” The researcher observed that the content uploaded is still online and visible to all people across the globe and the number of views keeps increasing both on the content as well as the subscribers of the channel. The YouTube page created for the research has about 99 subscribers representing the dedicated viewers, with the indigenous language of performance with English subtitle. The cyberspace will enhance the scientific and cross-cultural analysis of African performance, with the Njingkook experiment as a beacon, because it is online, researchers with interest outside the community can observe and make a scholarly analysis of the performance.
Distribution and abundance of mosquito species in Otuoke, Ogbia Local Government Area, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Authors: Ezenwaka C. O. , Ailogie T. E.
Published: March 2024

The distribution and abundance of mosquito species in Otuoke community of Ogbia Local Government Area, Bayelsa State, Nigeria was studied between April and July 2021. Indoor mosquito collections were carried using the Pyrethrum spraying method. Six (6) locations were sampled, consisting of Federal University Otuoke (FUO) female hostel and five other streets mapped out randomly within the community. The results of the study revealed 112 individual mosquitoes belonging to two genera; Anopheles and Culex. Culex species (83.93%) was significantly (p<0.05) more abundant than Anopheles (16.07%). All the Culex mosquitoes were identified as Culex pipiens (83.93%) Two species of anopheles, Anopheles gambiae 16(14.28%) and Anopheles funestus 2(1.76%) were identified morphologically. Nine (9) out of the 112 mosquitoes collected had slightly damaged genitals and were identified into genera and species but could not be differentiated into sexes. The total number of mosquitoes identified into sexes in the study was 103, out of which 13 (12.62%) were males and 90 (87.38%) were females. There was a significant difference between the sexes (p<0.05). Development of efficient mosquitoes’ control strategy by the government and local communities is recommended. Also, regular sanitation and proper waste disposal should be undertaken by the residents.
Assessment of reproductive hormones in prepubertal and postpubertal rats (Rattus norvegicus) on chronic exposure to various spectra of artificial light at night
Authors: Kehinde F. O. , Dedeke G. A. , Olude M. A. , Ademolu K. O. , Aladesida A. A. , Adewale A. O. , Owagboriaye F. O.
Published: March 2024

Exposures to Artificial Light at Night (ALAN) is on the increase with resultant varied physiological impact related to the light spectrum via the non-visual pathway. This study examined the effects of various spectra of ALAN on Testosterone (Te), Progesterone (Pr) and Estradiol (Es) in rats exposed to Blue (BL), Green (GL), Yellow (YL), Red (RL), White (WL) and Darkness (DD) light wave-lengths while Ambient light (CL) served as the control. Dams with their post-natal day 1 pups were housed in cages exposed to various light wavelengths for 12 hours: (6:00pm–6:00am) daily for 126 days. At d63 and d126, five rats per treatments were euthanized; blood serum was collected and the serum hormones: Te, Es and Pr were analysed using ELISA. The results showed that light treatments had significant effect on the level of Te at d63 but not at d126 in male rats. At d63, onset of puberty, Te was significantly highest (p < 0.05) under BL. In females exposed to YL and WL at d126, Te was significant high and Es was significantly low. Estradiol was heightened significantly (p < 0.05) in both sexes exposed to RL. In conclusion, BL seemed to stimulate early sexual development in males, WL and GL enhanced post-pubertal male albino rat reproductive system while RL provided the best reproductive environment for females in the long term. Long periods of exposure to YL seemed to pose risks for male and female reproductive function.
Peran Orang Tua Dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Anak Untuk Sekolah Minggu Di Era Society 5.0
Authors: Rolis Hesty Rolis Anabertus , Mendel Yefrichen Tabun  , Elkana Yehezkiel Pasaribu  , Ruth Judika Siahaan
Published: March 2024

Orang tua adalah orang yang melakukan kewajiban yang mana mengayomi anaknya dengan mengajarkan, membimbing, mengarahkan, dan menasihati untuk mendapati anak itu kepada jalan yang tidak menyimpang. Namun di era society 5.0, sebagian kehidupan masyarakat dipengaruhi oleh teknologi. Hal ini haruslah menjadi sebuah keprihatinan bagi umat Kristen  terutama gereja, guru, dan orang tua terhadap pertumbuhan rohani anak. Terutama peran dari orang tua untuk memotivasi anak-anak supaya memiliki kemauan untuk mengikuti sekolah minggu. Dengan sekolah minggu dapat membantu orang tua untuk mengenali anak kepada Tuhan Yesus dan memiliki pertumbuhan iman yang kuat sejak dari kecil. Maka tujuan dari artikel ini untuk mengetahui masalah yang dialami oleh anak sekolah minggu dan bagaimana peran orang tua untuk memotivasi diri anak ikut serta sekolah minggu di era society 5.0. Penelitian ini mempergunakan penelitian deskriptif melalui metode kualitatif dengan tujuan untuk mengumpulkan data secara rinci, komprehensif, dan teraktual untuk mendapatkan hasil yang valid dan diakui secara kebenaran. Selanjutnya, ada pula hasil dari penelitian ini yang mana orang tua berperan untuk memberikan pemahaman kepada anak tentang pentingnya sekolah Minggu, meluangkan waktu untuk mengantarkan anak sekolah minggu, apabila orang tua tidak sempat mengantarkan sekolah Minggu orang tua dapat mendampingi anak ibadah secara online dan yang paling utama dilakukan orang tua yaitu harus selalu memberikan motivasi serta keteladanan kepada anak.
Derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva desde la perspectiva constitucional ecuatoriana
Authors: López Domínguez José María
Published: March 2024

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo estudiar el derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva con una perspectiva general constitucional en la República del Ecuador. La metodología aplicada se caracteriza por ser de carácter documental cualitativa, al involucrar el estudio de fuentes de naturaleza bibliográfica como doctrina, nacional e internacional; normas jurídicas de rango constitucional y legal; así como jurisprudencia dictada por la Corte Constitucional del Ecuador, con mención de algunos aportes interesantes emanados del Tribunal Constitucional Español en torno a la figura de la tutela judicial efectiva y sus elementos o vertientes distintivos. El método aplicado es el descriptivo analítico, materializado a través del análisis de contenido como técnica de investigación. Se concluyo que es necesario contar con una administración de justicia robusta y comprometida con los principios del Estado constitucional de derechos y justicia social y, además, con jueces suficientemente capacitados en el enfoque de derechos humanos en conocimientos jurídicos y de argumentación hermenéutica, y regidos por criterios de independencia e imparcialidad, y que cuenten con las facultades suficiente para cumplir y hacer cumplir las normativas inherentes a los procesos por ellos conocidos.
Do Brasil à Moçambique: um olhar da participação popular na luta pelo direito à cidade
Authors: Ali Miguel Abudo Momade
Published: March 2024

As cidades do mundo uma reprodução consolidada pelo modelo neoliberal, carregando consigo uma colonização da terra urbana e da habitação como um capital financeiro, fazendo com que as cidades deixem de desempenhar a sua função de espaço social e passem a ser um potencial ativo financeiro. Este arquétipo de pensar e reproduzir as cidades, as colocam numa situação de capturadas, manipuladas e reorganizada para atender os interesses mercadológicos. Quando temos a produção desta cidade oculta, igualmente estamos perante a um grupo de cidadãos que lhe são excluídos de usufruir do Direito à cidade.O objectivo do estudo, de perceber como é que o Brasil e Moçambique por meio da participação popular/movimentos lutam para o Direito a Cidade. Buscando uma reflexão entorno de algumas diferenças e semelhanças entre estes dois contextos no âmbito da participação popular da luta pelo Direito a Cidade. Metodologicamente o artigo assenta-se numa abordagem qualitativa comparativa.O resultado aponta para a necessidade dos cidadãos se imporem e conquistarem os espaços de tomada decisão para alcançar o Direito à Cidade; a necessidade de mobilização e publicação dos conceitos do Direito a Cidade tanto para os cidadãos, para os  movimentos sociais, e para as universidades como forma de apropriação deste direito.
Securing Digital Frontiers: Innovations and Imperatives in Network Security Protocols
Authors: Reddy Chittibala Dinesh , Ramakrishnan Shanmugavelan
Published: March 2024

In the contemporary digital era, the integrity and security of network protocols are paramount in safeguarding the global infrastructure of communication, commerce, and information exchange. This paper delves into the intricate world of network security protocols, spotlighting the recent advancements that fortify our digital defence mechanisms against the burgeoning wave of cyber threats. Amidst a backdrop of escalating digital interconnectivity, this exploration is timely, revealing how innovations in network security protocols are pivotal in maintaining the sanctity of our digital domains. With an analytical lens, this research examines the evolution and current efficacy of seminal protocols such as SSL/TLS, IPsec, and SSH. These protocols, foundational to encrypted and authenticated communications, are scrutinized for their resilience against the sophisticated strategies employed by cyber adversaries. Further, the paper ventures beyond these traditional bulwarks to explore the integration of avant-garde technologies quantum-resistant algorithms, blockchain, and artificial intelligence in bolstering network security. These emerging technologies are dissected for their potential to revolutionize our defence mechanisms, offering a beacon of hope in an era riddled with cyber vulnerabilities. However, this journey through the annals of network security is not devoid of challenges. The paper identifies critical gaps in current research and practical deployment highlighting the relentless sophistication of cyber-attacks, the need for agility in security protocols to match rapid technological advances, and the imperative balance between security measures and privacy concerns. Addressing these challenges necessitates a clarion call for incessant innovation, rigorous research, and robust international cooperation. This comprehensive inquiry aims to serve as a cornerstone for future explorations in network security, advocating for a proactive stance in the development and refinement of security protocols. It underscores the relentless need for collaboration across borders and disciplines to safeguard our digital frontiers. As we tread forward, the paper echoes the sentiment that securing our digital ecosystems is a shared responsibility, urging for a collective effort to ensure that our interconnected world remains a realm of opportunity, innovation, and trust.