bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Turkey and Europe: Will East Meet West?
Authors: Yavuz M. Hakan , Khan Mujeeb R.
Published: May 2020

For many Europeans, integration with a large Muslim country of 70 million people with a lower level of economic development and a much faster-growing population seems a daunting prospect. Equally daunting, however, may be a Turkey cast adrift….
The Global Liberal Order: A Progress Report
Authors: Sorensen Alan
Published: May 2020

As 2005 nears, the state of the world is such that desperation shadows the lives of hundreds of millions of people, yet most of them yearn for the security, freedom, and goods that citizens of affluent democracies enjoy.
Geopolitics Reborn: The Global Struggle over Oil and Gas Pipelines
Authors: Klare Michael T.
Published: May 2020

With the global flow of energy assuming ever-growing economic and strategic prominence, oil and gas pipelines in the world today have become the major focus of international geopolitical competition.
Iran, the Status Quo Power
Authors: Milani Mohsen M.
Published: May 2020

Iran appears ready to discuss the future of Iraq as well as other security issues with the United States. It remains uncertain for Tehran whether a ‘tactical consensus’ on Iraq could … lead to a marked improvement in US-Iran relations.
The Seven Myths of Nuclear Terrorism
Authors: Bunn Matthew , Wier Anthony
Published: May 2020

A small but dedicated and resourceful terrorist group could very plausibly design and build at least a crude nuclear bomb. And the danger that they could get the nuclear material needed to do so is very real.
The Last Taboo: Israel's Bomb Revisited
Authors: Cohen Avner
Published: May 2020

Is it really possible to redesign and buttress the nonproliferation regime, as the Iranian case requires, while leaving Israel's nuclear capacity an untouched taboo? Is it healthy for Israeli democracy or global security to continue with the path of nuclear opacity?
Chinese Nationalism: Challenging the State?
Authors: Gries Peter Hays
Published: May 2020

It would be a mistake to attribute to the Communist Party complete control over Chinese nationalism today. With the emergence of the Internet, cell phones, and text messaging, popular nationalists in China are increasingly able to act independently of the state.
China's New Exchange Rate Regime
Authors: Eichengreen Barry
Published: May 2020

China's exchange rate system is a work in progress. Notwithstanding all the attention attracted by the dramatic decisions this July, that process has only started.
The Fallout of a Nuclear North Korea
Authors: Scobell Andrew , Chambers Michael R.
Published: May 2020

The nuclearization of North Korea will have a profound impact on Northeast Asia. If Pyongyang opts for crash nuclearization through a weapon test, that could bring the countries of the region together in opposition. This reaction is far from assured, however ….
Is the Orange Revolution Fading?
Authors: Arel Dominique
Published: May 2020

The Orange Revolution still has the potential to yield a profound regime change in Ukraine, but despite their relative youth and familiarity with Western modes of political conduct, Orange elites have yet to give indication that this change is imminent.
Autocrats, Islamists, and the Rise of Radicalism in Central Asia
Authors: McGlinchey Eric
Published: May 2020

Islamist radicalism in Central Asia … is in large part a response to authoritarianism. Where governments tolerate some degree of political opposition—either in parliaments or in the press—society's enthusiasm for Islamist goals is limited.
The Politics of Death in Darfur
Authors: Prunier Gérard
Published: May 2020

‘Genocide’ is big because it carries the Nazi label, which sells well. … But simply killing is boring, especially in Africa.
Zimbabwe after Mugabe
Authors: Maltz Gideon
Published: May 2020

If Mugabe's coming exit offers the first genuine opportunity for political change in Zimbabwe, it also threatens to drive the country deeper into despair.
Driven to Protest: China's Rural Unrest
Authors: Li Lianjiang
Published: May 2020

Beijing may wish to keep the rural population as apolitical and passive as possible, but it must understand that this is fast becoming an impossible task.
Russia's Ersatz Democracy
Authors: Shevtsova Lilia
Published: May 2020

What will it take for Russia's political class and society to realize that the current paradigm of development leads to a dead end?
Russia's Middle Class Muddle
Authors: Goldman Marshall I.
Published: May 2020

More and more Russians are coming to question whether their country will be able to create a viable and independent constituency of the sort that plays such an important role in Western democracies.
The Lessons of North Korea's Test
Authors: Sigal Leon V.
Published: May 2020

Countries that seek nuclear weapons are insecure. Trying to isolate or coerce them can easily backfire.
The US-India Nuclear Pact: Bad for Security
Authors: Milhollin Gary
Published: May 2020

It is impossible to weaken export controls for India without weakening them for everyone else. The ‘everyone else’ includes Iran, Pakistan, and even terrorists. …
The US-India Nuclear Pact: A Good Deal
Authors: Mistry Dinshaw , Ganguly Sumit
Published: May 2020

Stronger us-India strategic ties resulting from the pact would lessen India's need to greatly expand its nuclear arsenal and would bind Indian governments more firmly to norms against nuclear testing.
The Year of the Ballot
Authors: Castañeda Jorge , Navia Patricio
Published: May 2020

If governments and the international community learn from and act on the lessons of 2006, the hope of a stable, developed, and thriving region will be much closer to becoming a reality. …
How New Is Bachelet's Chile?
Authors: Siavelis Peter M.
Published: May 2020

If the Bachelet government is to usher in a new, more truly representative democracy, Chile will need to leave behind not just the trappings of Pinochet's institutional legacy, but also the model of elitist politics that it spawned.
Romania, Bulgaria, and the EU's Future
Authors: Shepherd Robin
Published: May 2020

Romania and Bulgaria enter a European Union that has stalled at a crossroads. It remains an open question how having them on board will influence the direction now taken.
The Somali Catastrophe: Bigger than the Horn—and Not Over Yet
Authors: Menkhaus Kenneth J.
Published: May 2020

All indications point to the Mogadishu insurgency growing more violent and uncontrolled.
Japan's Slow-Motion Transition
Authors: Alexander Arthur
Published: May 2020

As the Japanese manage economic adjustment at their preferred pace, they may be left even further behind than when they started, despite real progress over the past decade.
Just Another Environmental Problem?
Authors: Steffen Will
Published: May 2020

Climate change may just be the issue that triggers a fundamental reexamination of our place in the natural world.
Can the World Wean Itself from Fossil Fuels?
Authors: Hultman Nathan E.
Published: May 2020

Shaping a pathway for global development in light of climate change and oil depletion need not imply radical disruption or widespread social harm.
Stewardship for a “Full” World
Authors: Costanza Robert
Published: May 2020

The mainstream model of development … is based on a number of assumptions [that] emerged during a period—the early industrial revolution—when the world was still relatively empty of humans and their built infrastructure.
Lula's Brazil: A Rising Power, but Going Where?
Authors: Hurrell Andrew
Published: May 2020

One of the most interesting features of the Lula years has been a pessimistic view of the international system combined with a belief that there is scope for an activist and assertive foreign policy.
Energy and Democracy: The European Union's Challenge
Authors: Wood Steve
Published: May 2020

Energy requirements could end up compromising a central feature of the eu's self-understanding and projected image: its role as a committed promoter of democratization and civil freedoms.…
Algeria in Limbo: Stable Now, but Still Underperforming
Authors: Quandt William B.
Published: May 2020

Most Algerians seem fed up with the violence that has plagued their country and have little use for those who try to keep the flame of insurgency alive.
America's Place in the Asian Century
Authors: Mahbubani Kishore
Published: May 2020

The moment has come for fresh US policy on East Asia. This should be priority number one for the next president.
Clearing the Air in the Middle East
Authors: Kodmani Bassma
Published: May 2020

It will not take long for a new president to conclude that a different approach is needed to the critical issues of the region.
Forced Harmony: China's Olympic Rollercoaster
Authors: Yang Dali L.
Published: May 2020

The Chinese leadership is caught between the demands of populism and internationalism. Again and again, in order to win international approval, the government has had to buck public sentiments that the party propaganda machine itself has helped to foster.
South Korea's Not-So-Sharp Right Turn
Authors: Kang David C.
Published: May 2020

The scope of Lee's foreign policy, and the type of change he achieves, will depend as much on the factors constraining him as on his own ideas about how best to govern.
Taiwan's Liberation of China
Authors: Schriver Randall , Stokes Mark
Published: May 2020

There is reason for guarded optimism that—as long as Taiwan's process of democratic consolidation continues—the island will continue to exert influence over China's peaceful transformation.
Asia's Democracy Backlash
Authors: Kurlantzick Joshua
Published: May 2020

Leaders of nations like Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam have begun to debate how they can apply a Chinese model to their own nations.
People Power Sours: Uncivil Society in Thailand and the Philippines
Authors: Thompson Mark R.
Published: May 2020

In both countries, mass-based urban campaigns against authoritarianism have degenerated into an assault on democracy.
Indonesia's Reform Era Faces a Test
Authors: Fealy Greg
Published: May 2020

Upcoming parliamentary and presidential elections will be important in determining whether Indonesia continues along its present path of uneven but nonetheless substantial reform.
Navigating the Energy Transition
Authors: Klare Michael T.
Published: May 2020

The transition from our current energy system to one based largely on renewables will be fraught with danger and crisis. …
No Longer Washington's Backyard
Authors: Shifter Michael , Joyce Daniel
Published: May 2020

As Brazil's mega-summit in December made clear, nations in a transformed region are demanding treatment befitting serious countries with global interests and ambitions.
An Economic Storm Hits Latin America
Authors: Weintraub Sidney
Published: May 2020

All Latin American and Caribbean countries will be hard pressed to maintain satisfactory rates of GDP growth during the next two years, and perhaps longer.
Hemispheric Security: A New Approach
Authors: Cope John A. , Mora Frank O.
Published: May 2020

The Obama administration will encounter in Latin America and the Caribbean Basin a new strategic environment, in which security issues will require innovative attention.
The Dogs That Didn't Bark: The EU and the Financial Crisis
Authors: Gros Daniel
Published: May 2020

The common action was hailed as a success for ‘Europe.’ In reality … the EU's response to the crisis illustrates the limitations of trying to manage a monetary union without a fiscal union.
Detours on the Balkan Road to EU Integration
Authors: Cohen Lenard J.
Published: May 2020

Throughout the western Balkans, formidable challenges to economic reform and democratic consolidation threaten to reawaken old problems and reinforce negative tendencies.
Can Europe Catalyze Climate Action?
Authors: Anderson Jason
Published: May 2020

Global warming is an issue that cries out for central policy coordination, and in many respects policy making in this area has paved the way for EU cooperation.
The Race To Attract Mobile Talent
Authors: Skeldon Ronald
Published: May 2020

Migrations of skilled workers have traditionally been seen as a gain for the destination and a loss for the originating country. … Recent research, however, has thrown a question mark at such an easy conclusion.
A Country on the Move: China Urbanizes
Authors: Merkel-Hess Kate , Wasserstrom Jeffrey N.
Published: May 2020

China's government has managed rural-to-urban migration through heavyhanded policies that have guarded the prosperity of the cities at the expense of rural areas. …
In Congo's Conflict, a Surprising Twist
Authors: Stearns Jason
Published: May 2020

It would be foolhardy to believe … that a deal between Kigali and Kinshasa will bring an end to battles for power in North Kivu province.
The China-US Relationship Goes Global
Authors: Lieberthal Kenneth
Published: May 2020

If the two sides can engage effectively…, Sino-US relations will enter a new stage in which ties will become deeper, stronger, more stable, and more important for the international system than ever before.
Is Beijing Ready for Global Leadership?
Authors: Medeiros Evan S.
Published: May 2020

Beijing has been largely working within—indeed, deftly leveraging—the current international system to advance its foreign policy objectives.
China's Beleaguered Intellectuals
Authors: Goldman Merle
Published: May 2020

Although efforts to assert political rights in China are quickly suppressed, and although few political reforms have been introduced, it would be wrong to discount the impact of such efforts.
No Obituaries Yet for Capitalism in Russia
Authors: Charap Samuel
Published: May 2020

The unique form of capitalism that developed following the Yukos affair seems likely to survive the current economic upheaval.
Fixing the Mideast's Economies
Authors: Askari Hossein
Published: May 2020

Petroleum revenues, which theoretically should have supported economic prosperity, have in practice fueled regional conflicts, supported corruption, [and] created economic injustice. …
The New Schizophrenia: Asia Between Integration and Isolation
Authors: Kurlantzick Joshua
Published: May 2020

Many cultural, economic, and political trends suggest that Asian nations are becoming more integrated and even developing a regional consciousness. … Concurrently, however, other trends have led to rising nationalist sentiment in the region.
Waiting for Miracles on Cyprus
Authors: Pope Hugh
Published: May 2020

A clear-eyed look … suggests that this really is the last chance for a reunification on federal lines, and the lack of a settlement now will have consequences.
Turning Point for the European Social Model?
Authors: Kuhnle Stein
Published: May 2020

The form of the welfare state may change, but … European nation-states will continue to view public responsibility for citizen welfare as an important role.
Bangladesh's Quest for Political Justice
Authors: Alamgir Jalal
Published: May 2020

Stints in power have been occasions to wipe out opponents, justice has meant vengeance, and egregious abuses have been legalized through immunity.
Ethiopia Is Headed for Chaos
Authors: Nega Berhanu
Published: May 2020

Once the 2010 election passes without any meaningful change, the real contest among rival political and ethnic forces will work itself out in the theater of armed rebellion.
Behind China's Rise in Africa
Authors: Finan William W.
Published: May 2020

A new book likens Beijing's proliferating interests on the continent to the dealings of a “Godfather” engaged in everything from oil and uranium to textiles
Thailand: From Violence to Reconciliation?
Authors: Dalpino Catharin
Published: May 2020

Thailand runs the risk that future protest, a right and a mainstay of liberal democracy, will escalate quickly into violence and eventually be constricted as a matter of course.
Asia's Dangerous Security Dilemma
Authors: Godwin Paul
Published: May 2020

The military modernization that Beijing regards as defensive is provoking apprehension and countermoves. The resulting dynamic could threaten the regional stability that all sides want.
Medvedev's Potemkin Modernization
Authors: Shevtsova Lilia
Published: May 2020

The Russian system today has only two ideas: national egotism and personal enrichment. But Russians are beginning to ask: Is our might a delusion? And who is going to make us rich, and how?
Diffuse Threats, Frail Institutions: Managing Security in the New Era
Authors: Gill Bates
Published: May 2020

For the near to medium term, the international community likely will confront the consequences of weaker global security governance in an increasingly insecure world.
How the Peace Process Plays in Israel
Authors: Hermann Tamar
Published: May 2020

Neither Israeli leaders nor the general public seems to have high hopes for a … permanent peace agreement ending the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
Israel's Existential Predicament: Population, Territory, and Identity
Authors: DellaPergola Sergio
Published: May 2020

If one wants a country to be Jewish … a certain threshold of the population may actually need to be Jewish.
International Justice on Trial
Authors: Encarnación Omar G.
Published: May 2020

In many instances human rights violations are better confronted as a political problem rather than as an ethical or legal challenge.
Set Your Alarm Clocks for 2103
Authors: Finan William W.
Published: May 2020

A new book suggests the East will surpass the West in social development, but not until the next century, and in any case the whole world will likely rise or fall together.
Why Latin America Is Rearming
Authors: Isacson Adam
Published: May 2020

At a time when few traditional armed conflicts are under way, internal threats continue to anchor the missions of most Latin American and Caribbean militaries.
Rebuild Haiti, Not Just Its Capital
Authors: Maguire Robert
Published: May 2020

Port-au-Prince suffered most of the damage from a January 2010 earthquake. Even so, domestic and international aid efforts need to encompass the neglected rest of the country.
Poland's Progress: Where Warsaw Fits in Europe
Authors: Bugajski Janusz
Published: May 2020

Warsaw's aspirations to become a major EU player and to develop closer ties with Moscow could create the appearance of detachment from and even arrogance toward smaller neighbors.
Africa's Reluctant Fertility Transition
Authors: Cincotta Richard
Published: May 2020

Fertility decline and a maturing age structure typically prove more indicative of future human development … than do shifts toward economic or political liberalization. Why should it be any different south of the Sahara?
North Africa's Epochal Year of Freedom
Authors: Norton Augustus Richard , el-Sherif Ashraf
Published: May 2020

Uprisings in North Africa have electrified the world and inaugurated a new era in the region, but their outcomes are uncertain. The old order could yet prove resilient.
The Korean Peninsula on the Verge
Authors: Armstrong Charles K.
Published: May 2020

It has become apparent that a policy of isolation, sanctions, lack of dialogue, and ‘strategic patience’ has not worked to weaken North Korea or alter its behavior, much less bring the regime down.
Deep Danger: Competing Claims in the South China Sea
Authors: Ott Marvin C.
Published: May 2020

The South China Sea is a growing focus of concern in Washington, at the headquarters of the US Pacific Command in Honolulu, and in a number of Southeast Asian capitals.
Indonesia's Image and Reality
Authors: Weatherbee Donald E.
Published: May 2020

The world's largest Muslim democracy is an international success story, but domestic corruption and resistance from fellow ASEAN member-states hinder Jakarta's ambitions.
China According to Henry
Authors: Finan William W.
Published: May 2020

Henry Kissinger in his latest book parts company with international-relations realists who believe China's rise will necessarily entail conflict with the United States.
Russia, the 360-Degree Regional Power
Authors: Kuchins Andrew C.
Published: May 2020

For the first time in its history … Russia finds itself surrounded by states and political groupings that are economically, demographically, and politically more dynamic than itself.
A Front-Row Seat for the End of History
Authors: Finan William W.
Published: May 2020

A new book recounts the events of December 1991, when Mikhail Gorbachev resigned the presidency and the Soviet empire disappeared.
The Transnational Challenge to Arab Freedom
Authors: Brownlee Jason
Published: May 2020

The White House has not repealed the doctrines that in the Middle East prioritize the stability of allied autocracies over democratization.
Democracy and Reconfigured Power in Africa
Authors: Joseph Richard
Published: May 2020

The third wave of democracy did sweep across much of sub-Saharan Africa in the 1990s, but has now subsided, except for ripples and eddies.
The Middle East in Flux
Authors: Hudson Michael C.
Published: May 2020

The contagion effect created by the regime changes in Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya suggests a significant degree of imagined community among Arabs everywhere.
The Muslim World's Counter-Jihad
Authors: Finan William W.
Published: May 2020

A new book finds the sources of Arab unrest not only in fury at corrupt regimes and stagnant economies, but also in a popular culture that scorns Islamist extremism.
Is the Labor Market Global?
Authors: Dadush Uri , Shaw William
Published: May 2020

International wage convergence should not be read as a zero sum game, in which gains for laborers in developing countries are losses for workers in advanced countries.
Rio Tries Counterinsurgency
Authors: Muggah Robert , Mulli Albert Souza
Published: May 2020

There are uncanny similarities between Rio de Janeiro's pacification strategy and ongoing counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan and elsewhere.
Can Santos's Colombia Turn the Page?
Authors: Chaskel Sebastian , Bustamante Michael J.
Published: May 2020

Haunted by deep disparities and an unspeakable history of violence, the country may discover that ‘democratic prosperity’ remains an elusive horizon.
Chile's Middle Class Flexes Its Muscles
Authors: Navia Patricio
Published: May 2020

Large, diverse, and increasingly confident, the country's middle class is demanding that social policies be redesigned to fit its needs.
Ukraine's Perilous Balancing Act
Authors: Pifer Steven
Published: May 2020

As democratic backsliding cools Ukraine's relations with the West, Yanukovych faces the prospect of having to deal with Putin and Moscow from a weaker position.
Somalia at the Tipping Point?
Authors: Menkhaus Ken
Published: May 2020

While transitional politics and the war against Al Shabab are dominating headlines, … a combination of intense pressures is making subsistence livelihoods less and less viable and producing massive, irreversible migrations with enormous long-term implications for Somalia and Kenya.
Kenya Struggles to Fix Itself
Authors: Klopp Jacqueline M.
Published: May 2020

[T]he country has bought a short amount of time in which to entrench the new constitution, wield it for reform, and battle ghosts of the past.
US Africa Policy: Rhetoric Versus Reality
Authors: Piombo Jessica
Published: May 2020

Supporting shady regimes for security reasons can overshadow the actions America takes across the continent to aid democracy, human rights, development, and public health.
The Pirates of Puntland
Authors: Finan William W.
Published: May 2020

A freelance journalist living in Somalia studied the buccaneers who have seized ships in the Gulf of Aden and captured the attention of navies and news media.
Inequality: The Russian Experience
Authors: Treisman Daniel
Published: May 2020

From the turmoil of recent decades, Russians have inherited … a belief that the existing income distribution is arbitrary and unjust.
Moscow on the Pacific: The Missing Piece in the “Pivot” to Asia
Authors: Trenin Dmitri
Published: May 2020

Even as the Obama administration has pivoted toward the Asia-Pacific region, so has the Kremlin.…
The Responsibility to Protect: Dilemmas of a New Norm
Authors: Welsh Jennifer
Published: May 2020

Although the humanitarian rationale for the use of force has gained legitimacy, the consensus around this legitimacy … has remained both narrow and fragile.
After the Arab Spring: Islamism, Secularism, and Democracy
Authors: Lust Ellen , Soltan Gamal , Wichmann Jakob
Published: May 2020

Although Islamism is helping to shape political transitions in the Arab world, this does not foreclose the possibilities of democratization.
The Growing Threat of Maritime Conflict
Authors: Klare Michael T.
Published: May 2020

What makes these disputes so dangerous … is the apparent willingness of many claimants to employ military means in demarking their offshore territories and demonstrating their resolve to keep them.
Climate Change and Food Security
Authors: McCarl Bruce A. , Fernandez Mario A. , Jones Jason P. H. , Wlodarz Marta
Published: May 2020

The dual forces of population growth and climate change will exacerbate pressures on land use, water access, and food security.
Colombia: Another 100 Years of Solitude?
Authors: Robinson James A.
Published: May 2020

[D]espite all of the gains under the past two presidents, neither administration has broken with the fundamental system of governance that created the country's problems.
Shifting Fortunes: Brazil and Mexico in a Transformed Region
Authors: Shifter Michael , Combs Cameron
Published: May 2020

Just as Mexico has shown signs of an upswing, Brazil seems to be facing mounting difficulties.
Crisis and Reform in the Euro Area
Authors: Schwarzer Daniela
Published: May 2020

A major challenge for policy makers lies in the fact that they may have to move forward with a deepening of integration at a time when the EU and the euro area confront a growing crisis of acceptability.
The End of Equality in Europe?
Authors: Beckfield Jason
Published: May 2020

[T]he level of income inequality within European nations has been increasing since neoliberalism took hold in the EU in the 1980s and 1990s.
India's Inequality: An Uneasy Reconciliation With Economic Growth
Authors: Zagha Roberto
Published: May 2020

Inequality in India could be much more efficiently reduced through reforms that shrink the costly system of transfers, increase the role of markets in resource allocation, expand infrastructure investments, and improve the delivery of education and health care.
The Evolving Tactics of China's Green Movement
Authors: Shapiro Judith
Published: May 2020

The activists' strategies … reflect both the importance of new social media and the shifting constraints under which civil society must operate in an authoritarian state.
Is Assad's Syria a “Win” for Moscow?
Authors: Katz Mark N.
Published: May 2020

The Kremlin's support of Bashar al-Assad's regime appears to be working for now, but protecting unpopular autocrats hardly seems a sustainable long-term strategy.
Russia's Technical Difficulties
Authors: Lustig Joshua
Published: May 2020

A new book attempts to explain why Russia lags in the commercial application of scientific discoveries despite its traditional prowess in the arts and sciences.
The Quest for Global Governance
Authors: Ikenberry G. John
Published: May 2020

Most nations are eager to join the US-led liberal order, provided authority is shared.
The Information Revolution and Power
Authors: Nye Joseph S.
Published: May 2020

The rise of digital networks is diffusing power to new players. Fourth in a series on soft power.
The Brazilian Soft Power Tradition
Authors: Saraiva Miriam Gomes
Published: May 2020

“[E]ver since the Baron of Rio Branco asserted his theory of symbolic power resources, Brazil's foreign policy has operated under the assumption that the country will attain international standing through the mechanisms of soft power.” Fifth in a series on soft power around the world.
Central America's Violent Legacy
Authors: Lehoucq Fabrice
Published: May 2020

Devastated by decades of civil wars, the isthmus is still struggling with democratization and economic recovery, as well as contending with criminal violence.
Is the European Union's Soft Power in Decline?
Authors: Smith Karen E.
Published: May 2020

The EU is a powerful model for the rest of the world: Most neighboring countries wish to join it rather than balance it or resist it, and other regional groupings around the world seek to emulate it.
India's Changing Political Fortunes
Authors: Sen Ronojoy
Published: May 2020

[T]he principal opposition party, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), seems much better positioned than the Indian National Congress to win power in this year's elections.
The Struggle for Women's Empowerment in India
Authors: Bagchi Indrani
Published: May 2020

As more women get educated and move to the cities, they become the face of a society in transition. Tragically, they also become targets in the conflict that accompanies this transition.
Sri Lanka's Lingering State of War
Authors: Thiranagama Sharika
Published: May 2020

Civil war ended in mass slaughter five years ago. Since then, the militarization of Sri Lankan society has intensified, and violence against civilians continues.
The Pathological Alliance
Authors: Ganguly Sumit
Published: May 2020

In his new book, Husain Haqqani dissects the mutual delusions that have long shaped the dysfunctional relationship between Pakistan and the United States.
Ethiopia After Meles: Stability for How Long?
Authors: Aalen Lovise
Published: May 2020

[A]lthough the institutionalization of the ruling party organization after Meles's death ensured the immediate survival of the Ethiopian regime, we should not confuse short-term stability and growth with long-term sustainability.
Africa's New Political Homophobia
Authors: Epprecht Marc
Published: May 2020

New anti-gay laws in Nigeria and Uganda are part of an emergent trend of scapegoating sexual minorities as a distraction from governance failures. But sanctions are not the answer.
History's Unfinished Business in East Asia
Authors: Mitter Rana
Published: May 2020

China … is determined that it will have greater influence than it enjoys at present, and it will use historical justifications to make its case.
The Roots of China's Ethnic Conflicts
Authors: Sun Yan
Published: May 2020

A better understanding of the flaws in China's ethnic policy would help ease the vicious cycle of ever more sticks and carrots in dealing with sensitive regions.
Climate Change Policies in the Post-Socialist World
Authors: Henry Laura A. , Sundstrom Lisa McIntosh
Published: May 2020

Achieving relatively easy terms under the Kyoto Protocol did not necessarily inspire post-socialist states to engage enthusiastically in international climate talks….
The Burden of Communist Legacies
Authors: Tismaneanu Vladimir
Published: May 2020

A new volume edited by Mark R. Beissinger and Stephen Kotkin seeks to show how the communist past continues to shape the present in both state and society across the region.
The Many Meanings of National Self-Determination
Authors: Simpson Brad
Published: May 2020

Self-determination lacked legal standing in international law and remained ill-defined, and was thus open to appropriation and redefinition to suit diverse needs.
Dawn of the Almighty Dollar
Authors: Rosenberg Emily S.
Published: May 2020

A new book by Adam Tooze boldly seeks to revise the history of World War I and the interwar era. His focus on the rise of American financial power is apt, but overlooks the role of US politics.
A “New Mediocre” for the Global Economy?
Authors: Eichengreen Barry
Published: May 2020

Which view is correct—that which attributes the likelihood of a weak economy in 2015 to the unfortunate concurrence of transitory problems in a number of the world's largest economies, or that which warns of secular stagnation due to the declining productive potential of innovation?
Overcoming Cuba's Internal Embargo
Authors: Henken Ted A. , Ritter Archibald R.M.
Published: May 2020

Relations with Washington are suddenly warmer—but if Cuba wants a vibrant economy, it must allow its people to engage in entrepreneurship and enjoy unrestricted access to the Internet.
South Asia in Dark Times: Homogenizing Nation-States and the Problem of Minorities
Authors: Zamindar Vazira
Published: May 2020

“As we witness growing chauvinism and violence toward minorities in India and Pakistan alike, we must ask what price we are willing to pay for the homogenizing wrath of Partition's nation-states.” Seventh in a series on resurgent nationalism around the world.
China's Bold Economic Statecraft
Authors: Chin Gregory T.
Published: May 2020

Beijing has come to realize that multilateral organizations can legitimize and universalize Chinese interests at a time when China needs to reassure others about the way it will use its newfound powers in the global system.
Is Vietnam on the Verge of Change?
Authors: London Jonathan D.
Published: May 2020

Vietnam has arrived at a momentous juncture in its social and political development. It is a country ripe with potential, but it creaks under the weight of an almost feudalistic political system.
The Purpose of Putin's Machismo
Authors: Sperling Valerie
Published: May 2020

The Russian president carefully cultivates an image of muscular masculinity to pump up nationalist fervor against a West portrayed as culturally and sexually decadent.
Trade, Development, and Inequality
Authors: Dadush Uri
Published: May 2020

[T]he most powerful underlying force driving increased inequality is not trade by itself but skill-biased technological change—machines and methods that reduce the need for unskilled labor and boost demand for more specialized and skilled workers.
Iran's Uncertain Course After the Deal
Authors: Harris Kevan
Published: May 2020

The latest political realignment in the Islamic Republic resulted in détente with the West even as regional upheaval has drawn Tehran into overextended military interventions. While Iran's future is uncertain, it is definitely not a hegemon in the making.
Cybersurveillance and the New Frontier of Deterrence
Authors: Landau Susan
Published: May 2020

Why did the Obama administration treat threats against a Hollywood studio over a movie mocking North Korea as a matter of national security? It was sending a message to deter others.
After Paris: Good Enough Climate Governance
Authors: Busby Joshua
Published: May 2020

[F]or many developing countries, the Paris agreement is better than no deal and an important step in the right direction.
Europe's Social Safety Net Under Pressure
Authors: Bonoli Giuliano
Published: May 2020

It is [the] two-track labor market, rather than austerity, that is the biggest threat to the persistence of the European social model.
An East-West Split in the EU?
Authors: Grzymala-Busse Anna
Published: May 2020

Eastern Europe remains poorer and less democratically experienced than Western Europe, but there are as many differences within the regions as between them.
The Rise of Hindu Populism in India's Public Sphere
Authors: Rajagopal Arvind
Published: May 2020

The public sphere of debate and discussion predicated on transparency has given way to a public sphere of image and spectacle.
Democracy Deadlocked in Bangladesh
Authors: Shah Aqil
Published: May 2020

The prospects for successful democratic consolidation in Bangladesh will depend on the political elites' ability to abandon their zero-sum rivalry and demonstrate commitment to democratic norms in their attitudes and behavior.
Afghanistan's Arduous Search for Stability
Authors: Barfield Thomas
Published: May 2020

What divides Afghans more than ethnicity or ideology is an unwillingness to share power and a winner-takes-all approach to politics.
Can Civil Society Tame Violent Extremism in Pakistan?
Authors: Weiss Anita
Published: May 2020

[L]ocal people acting within civil society groups are responding to violent religious extremism in unprecedented ways.
Africa After the China Boom
Authors: Taylor Ian
Published: May 2020

Chinese demand drove a commodity supercycle that was good for many African economies. Now that it's over, those who failed to cultivate other industries are back to square one.
The Misconceived One-Child Policy Lives On
Authors: Fong Mei
Published: May 2020

Rules governing the size of Chinese families remain in place—and even with a recent loosening of the policy, it may be too late to avert demographic decline.
The Battle for Historical Memory in Postrevolutionary Ukraine
Authors: Shevel Oxana
Published: May 2020

The fundamental dilemma in Ukraine's decommunization process is how to undo the legal, institutional, and historical legacy of the Soviet era without repeating the Soviet approach of mandating one ‘correct’ interpretation of the past …
Anguished Echoes of Empire
Authors: Lustig Joshua
Published: May 2020

In her latest and most ambitious work, the oral historian Svetlana Alexievich assembles a chorus of ambivalent memories of an empire's collapse and the wrenching quarter-century since.
Diasporas' Impacts on Economic Development
Authors: Kapur Devesh
Published: May 2020

[S]ending countries can certainly do more, such as increase human capital investments, strengthen networks that increase the development value of diasporas, reduce barriers to return and circulation, and, above all, create an environment to attract and retain talent.
Why Humanitarian Intervention Still Isn't a Global Norm
Authors: Menon Rajan
Published: May 2020

Efforts to press the international community to supersede national sovereignty when necessary to stop atrocities have been hindered by inconsistent application of the principle.
Indigenous Empowerment in Evo Morales's Bolivia
Authors: Crabtree John
Published: May 2020

The Morales administration sought to give indigenous peoples more rights and greater influence in government, effectively breaking down traditional patterns of exclusion.
The Tangled Politics of Postwar Justice in Sri Lanka
Authors: Goodhand Jonathan , Walton Oliver
Published: May 2020

It was perhaps naive and overly optimistic to believe that regime change was the answer to a problem that has much deeper structural roots.
Brutal Realities of British Rule in India
Authors: Ganguly Sumit
Published: May 2020

A new book on Britain's reign in the subcontinent, departing from earlier generations of scholarship, does not sanitize the brutality and racism that undergirded the colonial enterprise.
The Tightening Authoritarian Grip on Thailand
Authors: Sopranzetti Claudio
Published: May 2020

The regime's aim is to impose an authoritarian form of order on the country's makeshift and improvisatory everyday life and its freewheeling public sphere …
Recovering from Disaster, Reinventing Japan?
Authors: Klien Susanne
Published: May 2020

Civil society groups have helped meet social needs left unaddressed by the official response to the 2011 triple disaster. Their influence may be changing traditional patterns of rural neglect.
A Perfect Storm: American Media, Russian Propaganda
Authors: Oates Sarah
Published: May 2020

The Russian state-sponsored campaign to spread disinformation abroad has found fertile ground in the United States, thanks to upheaval in the news media and politicians' denigration of the press.
The Impoverished Rhetoric of the US Welfare State
Authors: Morgan Kimberly J.
Published: May 2020

A new book lays blame for the weak social safety net on political rhetoric that justifies government aid as an individual right and not a public goodâ€“a tradition that dates back to the New Deal.
How Syria's Neighbors Have Treated Its Refugees
Authors: Chatty Dawn
Published: May 2020

The memory of the ties among the region's peoples under the Ottoman Empire has played a part in the kind of reception Syrians have received in their neighboring places of refuge.
Qatar's Maverick Streak Leaves It Friendless in the Gulf
Authors: Ulrichsen Kristian Coates
Published: May 2020

Years of anger at Doha's brash regional policies may have made the opportunity to put Qatar back in its place too tempting to pass up.
The Right Way to Build Resilience to Climate Change
Authors: Aldrich Daniel P.
Published: May 2020

Focusing solely on physical infrastructure runs the risk of overlooking another critical component of resilience: social infrastructure.
How NAFTA Has Changed Mexico
Authors: Staudt Kathleen
Published: May 2020

More people have risen above extreme poverty, but a majority remains stuck in the ranks of the working poor, with migration offering the only way out.
Living the Pious Dream in Lahore
Authors: Lustig Joshua
Published: May 2020

A rising middle class in Pakistan is striving to reconcile aspirations for a modern lifestyle with a desire for a deeper embrace of Islam as a guide to everyday ethics.
Pakistan at Fifty: A Tenuous Democracy
Authors: Ahmed Samina
Published: May 2020

Excerpts from Current History essays on major milestones, published two decades ago.
The Roots of the Anglophone Problem: Language and Politics in Cameroon
Authors: Anchimbe Eric A.
Published: May 2020

[T]he intertwined nature of language, politics, and identity permeates the nation, its institutions, and the public and private lives of its citizens.
Another Disputed Election Batters Kenya's Institutions
Authors: Opalo K. Ochieng'
Published: May 2020

[T]he conflicts surrounding the 2017 elections severely eroded the integrity of democracy in Kenya.
The Legacies of the Reformasi Movement in Indonesia
Authors: Lee Doreen
Published: May 2020

Reformasi-era values concerning citizen welfare and the public good remain deeply entrenched among a small but vocal segment of society.
Ukraine's Emerging Security State
Authors: Kudelia Serhiy
Published: May 2020

The increasing vibrancy of civil society had become a serious political threat to the authorities.
Uzbekistan Emerges from Karimov's Shadow
Authors: Zanca Russell
Published: May 2020

[L]abor migration brought the country to a point of no return: millions of the poorest Uzbeks could no longer be cut off from the rest of the world …
Post-Crisis Political Change in Western Europe
Authors: Lynch Julia , Hopkin Jonathan
Published: May 2020

[T]he financial crisis can be best understood as the final catastrophic stage of a process of dismantling the protective institutions that made Western European capitalism politically sustainable …
New Middle Classes Reshape the Developing World
Authors: Wietzke Frank-Borge
Published: May 2020

Political conflicts can flare up when new, increasingly vocal lower-middle-income groups enter the political arena and when this threatens the advantaged positions of established middle classes.
Ortega Faces a New Nicaraguan Opposition Movement
Authors: Morris Courtney Desiree
Published: May 2020

The heterogeneity and decentralized character of the protest movement is proving to be its greatest strength and weakness.
Colombia's Other Dangerous Crop
Authors: Oslender Ulrich
Published: May 2020

An idiosyncratic, literary-minded anthropologist returns to Colombia to observe the effects of the palm oil boom on a rural village under the shadow of paramilitary violence.
Consumers Demand More in Postsocialist Bulgaria
Authors: Jung Yuson
Published: May 2020

What do consumer rights actually mean in a context in which citizens are unsure whether there is even a functioning judicial system …?
The EU's Eastward Enlargement and the Illiberal Turn
Authors: Anna Vachudova Milada
Published: May 2020

What keeps European states committed to the EU project has not changed: it is economically much better to be inside the bloc than outside.
The Making of the Rohingya Genocide and Myanmar's Impunity
Authors: Fair C. Christine
Published: May 2020

Myanmar has consolidated its impunity, making its crimes a fait accompli. To do so, it first destabilized the legitimacy of the Rohingya as a group …
The Lose-Lose Trade War
Authors: Yang Xiangfeng
Published: May 2020

The feud not only has precipitated an economic decoupling of the United States and China, but also has pushed the overall bilateral relationship to its lowest point in half a century.
China's Social Credit System: Data-Driven Governance for a ‘New Era’
Authors: Backer Larry Catá
Published: May 2020

“Social credit redirects the power of data away from markets and strengthens the state's ability to comprehensively control behavior.” First in a series on ways of governing.
Belarus's Winding Path to a Post-Soviet Identity
Authors: Bekus Nelly
Published: May 2020

Some of the state's recent initiatives have sought to reappropriate ethno-cultural and pre-Soviet history and tradition, shaping a new politics of identity.
Repression and Quiet Resistance in Xinjiang
Authors: Harris Rachel
Published: May 2020

[T]he entire Uighur population is now regarded as a problem in need of an aggressive solution.
The Swinging Pendulum of Police Reform in the Americas
Authors: González Yanilda María
Published: May 2020

The role of exercising the state's coercive authority makes the police both an instrument of power and a formidable political actor whose cooperation is needed by politicians.
The Layers of History Beneath Algeria's Protests
Authors: Davis Muriam Haleh
Published: May 2020

One of the essential tasks of the movement is to reconstitute a richer tapestry of Algerian nationalism than has been permitted since independence.
Solving the Oceans' Plastic Problem
Authors: Mendenhall Elizabeth , Lopez Eliya M. Baron
Published: May 2020

The best set of solutions is likely to span the scale from individual to international action, and to address different points along the chain of production, consumption, and disposal.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) fusion proteins in Graves’ disease
Authors: Holthoff Hans-Peter , Uhland Kerstin , Laszlo Kovacs Gabor , Reimann Andreas , Adler Kristin , Wenhart Clara , Ungerer Martin
Published: May 2020

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder, which is characterized by stimulatory antibodies targeting the human thyrotropin receptor (TSHR), resulting in hyperthyroidism and multiple organ damage. We systematically investigated monomeric and dimeric fusion proteins of the A subunit of TSHR for efficacy to bind to the monoclonal patient antibody M22, to interact with Graves’ patient serum samples, and to impact on anti-TSHR antibody titers, hyperthyroidism, tachycardia and other in vivo read-outs in a long-term mouse model of Graves’ disease induced by immunization with a recombinant adenovirus encoding TSHR A. Binding assays and functional measurements of TSHR-dependent cAMP formation showed binding of monomeric TSHR-His and dimeric TSHR-Fc to the anti-TSHR antibody M22 at low-effective concentrations (EC50 of 5.7 nmol/L and 8.6 nmol/L) and inhibition of the effects of this antibody at high efficiencies (IC50 values of 16–20 nmol/L). Both proteins also block the effects of polyclonal anti-TSHR antibodies occurring in Graves’ patient sera with somewhat lower average efficiencies (mean IC50 values of 29 nmol/L and 68 nmol/L). However, in vivo characterization of epicutaneous patch administrations of TSHR-Fc at doses of 0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg body weight in a murine Graves’ disease model did not result in any improvement of disease parameters. In conclusion, high affinity binding of TSHR-Fc to pathological anti-TSHR antibodies was not matched by efficacy to improve Graves’ disease parameter in a long-term mouse model.