bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GOMT: Multispectral video tracking based on genetic optimization and multi‐features integration
Authors: Qian Kun , Chen Peng , Zhao Dong
Published: January 2023

Traditional visual tracking algorithms on RGB cannot effectively distinguish an object from background with similar colour feature, resulting in the migration problem in the tracking process. In order to solve this problem, a tracking algorithm with spectral information is proposed by using band selection, information fusion, and deep features. Firstly, the correlation analysis of 16 spectral band information is carried out, and genetic optimization method is introduced to obtain two bands with low correlation coefficient and abundant information. Moreover, under the framework of kernel correlation filtering tracking, guided filtering is adopted to fuse the information referring to the target region of the two bands. Besides, the feature maps are generated by histogram of gradient and pretrained visual geometry group network. Finally, target is detected via finding the maximum value of a strong response. The proposed genetic optimization based multifeature tracker is compared with multiple tracking methods including correlation filtering and deep learning. Experimental results with multiple groups of spectral videos and corresponding RGB videos demonstrate that the genetic optimization based multifeature tracker method achieves good results in subjective vision and objective evaluation.
Multiple emission components in the Cygnus cocoon detected fromFermi-LAT observations
Authors: Astiasarain X. , Tibaldo L. , Martin P. , Knödlseder J. , Remy Q.
Published: January 2023

Context. Star-forming regions may play an important role in the life cycle of Galactic cosmic rays (CRs), notably as home to specific acceleration mechanisms and transport conditions. Gamma-ray observations of Cygnus X have revealed the presence of an excess of hard-spectrum gamma-ray emission, possibly related to a cocoon of freshly accelerated particles.

Aims. We seek an improved description of the gamma-ray emission from the cocoon using ~13 yr of observations with theFermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) and use it to further constrain the processes and objects responsible for the young CR population.

Methods. We developed an emission model for a large region of interest, including a description of interstellar emission from the background population of CRs and recent models for other gamma-ray sources in the field. Thus, we performed an improved spectro-morphological characterisation of the residual emission including the cocoon.

Results. The best-fit model for the cocoon includes two main emission components: an extended component FCES G78.74+1.56, described by a 2D Gaussian of extensionr68= 4.4° ± 0.1°−0.1°+0.1°and a smooth broken power law spectrum with spectral indices 1.67 ± 0.05−0.01+0.02and 2.12 ± 0.02−0.01+0.00below and above 3.0 ± 0.6−0.2+0.0GeV, respectively; and a central component FCES G80.00+0.50, traced by the distribution of ionised gas within the borders of the photo-dissociation regions and with a power law spectrum of index 2.19 ± 0.03−0.01+0.00that is significantly different from the spectrum of FCES G78.74+1.56. An additional extended emission component FCES G78.83+3.57, located on the edge of the central cavities in Cygnus X and with a spectrum compatible with that of FCES G80.00+0.50, is likely related to the cocoon. For the two brightest components FCES G80.00+0.50 and FCES G78.74+1.56, spectra and radial-azimuthal profiles of the emission can be accounted for in a diffusion-loss framework involving one single population of non-thermal particles with a flat injection spectrum. Particles span the full extent of FCES G78.74+1.56 as a result of diffusion from a central source, and give rise to source FCES G80.00+0.50 by interacting with ionised gas in the innermost region.

Conclusions. For this simple diffusion-loss model, viable setups can be very different in terms of energetics, transport conditions, and timescales involved, and both hadronic and leptonic scenarios are possible. The solutions range from long-lasting particle acceleration, possibly in prominent star clusters such as Cyg OB2 and NGC 6910, to a more recent and short-lived release of particles within the last 10–100 kyr, likely from a supernova remnant. The observables extracted from our analysis can be used to perform detailed comparisons with advanced models of particle acceleration and transport in star-forming regions.
A Study on the Comparison and Enhancement of Health Literacy of College Students in Guangdong Province in 2020 and 2022
Authors: Guo Yintong , Jiang Dan , Dong Jian , Zhuang Mengli , Lin Jieping , Wang Xiaodan , Feng Juan , Li Zhuangwei
Published: January 2023

In order to compare the health literacy level of college students in Guangdong province in 2020 and 2022, so as to provide a scientific basis for targeted health literacy intervention and policy formulation for college students in Guangdong province, surveys were respectively conducted in 2020 and 2022. The data collation and analysis were performed using SPSS 19.0 statistical software. The χ2 test was used to compare different health literacy, and logistic regression was performed to analyse the factors influencing health literacy. The results show that the general health literacy level of college students in Guangdong province in 2022 is 46.5%, 6.3% higher than 40.2% in 2020, which difference is statistically significant. The three dimensions and six aspects of health literacy all have improved. The results of both years showed that health skills, basic medical literacy and health information literacy were at a low level. According to logistic regression analysis, the health literacy level of senior students is higher than that of junior students，and those who have taken health related courses have higher health literacy level. The most desirable type of health knowledge is prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, and the new media access is becoming more popular among students to gain health knowledge. In conclusion, Guangdong college students’ health literacy is relatively high, but still needs to be improved, especially in health skills, basic medical care and health information literacy. The government, colleges and universities should work together to improve college students’ health literacy.
Have Housing Prices Affected Residents’ Level of Social Integration?
Authors: Li Yiping
Published: January 2023

In recent decades, most cities in China have experienced a large number of population movements, and the local integration of mobile populations has become a new challenge, not only in relation to their own quality of life, but also in relation to the development potential of the cities. While urban housing prices have soared, real estate has gradually become the main economic industry in China, and high housing prices have brought enormous housing pressure to this group. This paper analyzes the negative impact of house prices on social integration by combining labor market discrimination theory.
“Cultural and Creative IP” Empowerment Model for Red Culture under the New Media Environment
Authors: Ye Xiaoling , Liao Chenya , Cai Xiaofan , Wu Zixin , Xue Lin
Published: January 2023

Boasting exemplary national qualities and high educational value, Red Culture is a unique spiritual wealth that make the Chinese nation stand out from the rest nations. Under the new media environment, however, the collision between the disparate characteristics of Red Culture and new media has given rise to the predicament plaguing the communication of Red Culture. With the advent of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, both tangible and intangible cultural heritage and resources are being valued, tapped and cultivated across the country. With the cultural and creative industry in the ascendant, the concept of intellectual property (“IP”) has seeped into all aspects of our everyday lives. Against that backdrop, this study attempts to explore novel ways to link up the Red Culture resources scattered across China, to combine education with cultural tourism through the “4+5+2” cultural and creative IP empowerment model, and to pass on and spread Red Culture and add new value to the industry on the strength of influential IPs.
Research on the Countermeasures of Military Equipment Instructors’ Teaching Ability Construction in the New Era
Authors: Zhang Wei , Gu Chenggang , Fang Qiqing , Wang Jingjing
Published: January 2023

According to the requirements of military education policy in the new era, military equipment instructors must constantly strengthen the construction of teaching ability in order to provide professional equipment technical personnel for the new information war in the future. In view of how to comprehensively improve the teaching ability of military equipment instructors, this paper first analyses the main problems existing in the current teaching ability construction of equipment instructors in our Institute, and then puts forward some specific measures to strengthen the teaching ability construction of equipment instructors, which has certain guidance and reference for rapidly and efficiently improving the actual combat teaching ability of equipment instructors.
Analysis of social media’s online expression strategy for social hot spots based on the perspective of mass communication - Take “Bilibili” as an example
Authors: Chen Shuying
Published: January 2023

With the rapid development of information technology on the Internet and the establishment of new online media platforms, it has played a great role in the delivery of information and the reception of content. The new media have profoundly influenced people’s lives in terms of the way they communicate, the construction of ideas and the execution of processes. This has not only enriched the ways in which news is disseminated, but has also opened up wider avenues and channels for news reporting. Since 2009, Bilibili has grown into a representative domestic secondary platform which is a high-density group of young internet users. The development and dissemination of social events that cater to the moods and emotions of young people can also serve to moderate cultural tensions to some extent, but, if used poorly, can be counterproductive. It is important to pay attention to the issue of culture, both to prevent pan-entertainment and to achieve cultural identity. In the face of online public opinion, government news media should change their previous negative attitude and adopt new and timely methods of response. The correct way to guide public opinion in hot events is a problem that the news media has to face and urgently needs to solve.
Psychology and Solutions of Perpetrators in Cyber Violence
Authors: Chen Zhenming
Published: January 2023

As of December 2021, the number of Chinese Internet users reached 1.032 billion, an increase of 42.96 million from December 2020, and the Internet penetration rate reached 73.0%. In the Internet era, people’s freedom of speech has been greatly released, and many insulting and inflammatory remarks and pictures posted on the Internet have brought great harm to people’s personal health, especially teenagers [1]. Therefore, this paper studies the psychology of online abusers and tries to provide corresponding solutions. It can be concluded that the psychology of abusers is divided into subjective and objective parts, and the corresponding solutions are to improve the relevant legal construction, strengthen the platform management, and deepen legal education.
Guideline for Green Design of Computer Products
Authors: Zong Jianfang , Zhang Xin , Yang Yutao , Li Husheng , Yuan Han
Published: January 2023

This paper regulates the purposes and basic principles of green design of computer products, and provides the green design requirements and procedures of computer products. This paper will provide the guiding targets for the computer product manufacturer, standardize the enterprise behaviour of computer product, and lead the computer product enterprise to implement the product green design, which is of great significance in promoting the transformation and upgrading of computer product, enhancing the green manufacturing level and increasing the green product supply.
A Federated Domain Adaptation Algorithm Based on Knowledge Distillation and Contrastive Learning
Authors: HUANG Fang , FANG Zhijun , SHI Zhicai , ZHUANG Lehui , LI Xingchen , HUANG Bo
Published: January 2023

Smart manufacturing suffers from the heterogeneity of local data distribution across parties, mutual information silos and lack of privacy protection in the process of industry chain collaboration. To address these problems, we propose a federated domain adaptation algorithm based on knowledge distillation and contrastive learning. Knowledge distillation is used to extract transferable integration knowledge from the different source domains and the quality of the extracted integration knowledge is used to assign reasonable weights to each source domain. A more rational weighted average aggregation is used in the aggregation phase of the center server to optimize the global model, while the local model of the source domain is trained with the help of contrastive learning to constrain the local model optimum towards the global model optimum, mitigating the inherent heterogeneity between local data. Our experiments are conducted on the largest domain adaptation dataset, and the results show that compared with other traditional federated domain adaptation algorithms, the algorithm we proposed trains a more accurate model, requires fewer communication rounds, makes more effective use of imbalanced data in the industrial area, and protects data privacy.
Assessment of the Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer, Retina, and Choroid in Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Keles Ali , Citirik Mehmet , Muratoglu Sahin Nursel , Karaman Suleyman Korhan , Cetinkaya Semra
Published: January 2023

Background Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder in which there are problems in tissues containing type I collagen, predominantly the cornea and sclera in the eye. Although there are many studies on problems with the anterior segment of the eye in patients with OI, studies on posterior structures are limited. Involvement of the sclera may affect the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL), which is indirectly related to intraocular pressure. In addition, the retina and choroid containing type I collagen may be affected. The aim of the study was to compare the posterior segment structures of the eye, including the RNFL, retina, and choroid, in patients with OI to those of healthy control subjects.

Methods This cross-sectional study recruited 19 patients with OI, as well as 22 age- and gender-similar healthy control subjects. Measurements of the RNFL, retina, and choroid were obtained with optical coherence tomography (Spectralis SD-OCT, Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany).

Results Patients with OI (mean age 14.32 ± 5.08 years) and the control group (mean age 13.73 ± 3.56 years) had similar age, refractive error, and intraocular pressure values (p > 0.05). There was no difference between groups in terms of RNFL thickness, including the superonasal, nasal, inferonasal, inferotemporal, temporal, and superotemporal sectors, retinal thickness, and choroidal thickness from five different locations (p > 0.05, for all).

Conclusion According to these results, OI does not clinically affect the RNFL, retina, and choroid in childhood.
Retinal Findings in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients, Is Routine Ophthalmological Examination Required after Discharge? Prospective Case-Control Study
Authors: Akalin Irfan , Kalkisim Ahmet , Gunay Betul Onal , Esenulku Cenap Mahmut
Published: January 2023

Objectives To investigate retinal findings by comparing patients hospitalized for COVID-19 with the control group.

Methods In this prospective study, 188 eyes of 94 recovered COVID-19 patients and 108 eyes of 54 healthy participants as a control group were evaluated. Patients were divided into
three groups, those with mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19. Refractometry, tonometry, optical biometry, optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements, and complete ophthalmological
examinations were performed on healthy volunteers and COVID-19 patients on average 2 weeks after discharge. Pulse O2 and vital parameters were also assessed. Primary outcomes were
evaluated, such as retinal findings, and secondary outcomes as retinal thickness, choroidal thickness (CT), retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and ganglion cell layer thickness.

Results There was no difference between the groups in terms of demographic data, ocular biometry, and intraocular pressure (p > 0.05). Pulse O2 was lower in the study
group (p < 0.001). Retinal findings were detected in 68 (36.1%) of 188 eyes in the study group and 28 (25.9%) of 108 eyes in the control group (p = 0.07). The two most common retinal
findings were hypertensive retinopathy and retinal pigment epithelium alterations and/or drusen in both groups. In OCT measurements, significant thinning was observed in nasal macular
thickness and superior 2 mm CT in the study group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In patients divided into subgroups according to disease severity, no significant difference was
found between the groups in any OCT parameter (p > 0.05).

Conclusion It has been observed that COVID-19 infection does not cause a specific and sensitive finding in the ocular tissues, especially the retina, and does not produce a
reproducible measurement result. Recommending routine eye exam after COVID-19 does not seem cost-effective.
Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis Enabled by Electrochemistry
Authors: Faisca Phillips Ana Maria , Pombeiro Armando J. L.
Published: January 2023

Catalytic enantioselective electrochemical synthesis has emerged in recent years as an efficient, clean, sustainable way to obtain chiral, non-racemic molecules. The difficulties in finding reaction conditions that are compatible with the delicate functional groups of many chiral ligands and organocatalysts has hampered the developments in this field. However, the fact that very minute differences in potential can be selected, allows for fine-tuning, so that very high chemoselectivities can be achieved, which is attracting much attention. Although still few in number compared to other areas of knowledge, the existing methods allow a variety of bond-forming reactions to be performed, and very high yields and ees can be achieved. The present review surveys the literature published in the last four years.

1 Introduction

2 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Reactions

2.1 Alkylation by C–H Bond Functionalization: C(sp3)–C(sp3) Bond Formation

2.2 C(sp3)–C(sp2) Bond Formation

2.2.1 Alkene Functionalization by Cross-Coupling Reactions

2.2.2 Arylation by Cross-Coupling Reactions

2.3 Alkynylation: C(sp3)–C(sp) Bond Formation

2.4 Cross-Coupling Reactions for the Synthesis of Axially Chiral Biaryls

2.5 Cyanofunctionalization

2.6 Miscellaneous

3 Organocatalysis

4 Conclusions
NIS-Mediated Oxidation of Hydrazones: A Rapid Access to Fused Lactones and Tosylhydrazides
Authors: Al-Harrasi Ahmed , Takallou Ahmad , Al-Shidhani Sulaiman , Al-Siyabi Munir , Mobaraki Akbar , Anwar Muhammad U.
Published: January 2023

A tandem one-pot strategy for the synthesis of 4-iodo-3-aryl(alkyl)-1H-pyrano[4,3-b]quinolin-1-ones and (E)-3-(iodo(phenyl)methylene)isobenzofuran-1-(3H)-ones from 2-alkynylhydrazones has been developed through oxidation and regioselective 6-endo- and 5-exo-iodocyclization pathways by using NIS as an iodinating reagent. This approach tolerates a variety of in situ generated alkynyl-containing tosylhydrazones and affords the corresponding products in high yields. The protocol has also been applied for the synthesis of different derivatives in good to excellent yields.
A Novel Heterocyclic Xanthene-Analogous pH Probe for ­Quantitative Monitoring of Cell Surface pH by Fluorescence ­Lifetime Imaging
Authors: Zhang Xinfu , Li Xiaoxi , Xiao Yi , Wu Shuyao , Sun Shulan , Wang Ze Hui , Li Dingxuan
Published: January 2023

Rapidly capturing slight changes in cell surface pH is extremely important to evaluate the rapid diffusion of acidic metabolites into the extracellular environment caused by disease and physiological pH fluctuations of cells. In this work, we designed a membrane-targeted pH probe, Mem-COC18
, based on a novel heterocyclic xanthene-analogous backbone. Mem-COC18
shows specific and stable staining ability towards membrane. Importantly, the fluorescence lifetime of Mem-COC18
is highly sensitive against acidity within membrane, which is in favor of quantifying pH through fluorescence lifetime imaging. Using Mem-COC18
, we recorded pH changes of 0.61 units on the surface of human cervical cancer cells (Hela) during glycolysis. Further on, we observed a robust pH-regulating mechanism of the plasma membrane that the pH fluctuation range within membrane (5.32–6.85) is much smaller than the change in extracellular environment (4.00–8.00). Consequently, we demonstrate a pH probe for quantifying small pH fluctuations within cell membrane that merits further evaluation for biology applications.
MilliLoc: Human computer interaction oriented acoustic millimeter-level real-time locating system
Authors: Wang Zhisheng , Liu Liang , Cui Junning , Zhao Dongfang , Li Muhang
Published: January 2023

In recent years, people have become more interested in using acoustics to locate equipment in intelligent human–computer interfaces (HCI). However, existing acoustic locating systems have poor compatibility with smart devices. To achieve millimeter-level accuracy, most systems require large microphone spacing, complex algorithms, and a high cost. In this paper, we propose a new HCI system, MilliLoc, to achieve millimeter-level real-time acoustic locating. Our first contribution is to design a high-performance and convenient microphone array. It has a high sampling rate of 96 kHz, real-time complete dataflow, and is compatible with any smart device. The second contribution is to propose an improved generalized cross-correlation phase transform method with simplicity and real-time capability. Even if the signal-to-noise ratio is not high enough, it can still estimate the time delay accurately. We combine the microphone array with the algorithm to illustrate the implementation of MilliLoc. Experiments show that MilliLoc has a median 2D accuracy of 7.2 mm in a 60 cm sector area and achieves millimeter-level locating.
A quantum-classical Liouville formalism in a preconditioned basis and its connection with phase-space surface hopping
Authors: Wu Yanze , Subotnik Joseph E.
Published: January 2023

We revisit a recent proposal to model nonadiabatic problems with a complex-valued Hamiltonian through a phase-space surface hopping (PSSH) algorithm employing a pseudo-diabatic basis. Here, we show that such a pseudo-diabatic PSSH (PD-PSSH) ansatz is consistent with a quantum-classical Liouville equation (QCLE) that can be derived following a preconditioning process, and we demonstrate that a proper PD-PSSH algorithm is able to capture some geometric magnetic effects (whereas the standard fewest switches surface hopping approach cannot capture such effects). We also find that a preconditioned QCLE can outperform the standard QCLE in certain cases, highlighting the fact that there is no unique QCLE. Finally, we also point out that one can construct a mean-field Ehrenfest algorithm using a phase-space representation similar to what is done for PSSH. These findings would appear extremely helpful as far as understanding and simulating nonadiabatic dynamics with complex-valued Hamiltonians and/or spin degeneracy.
Spin and spin current—From fundamentals to recent progress
Authors: Maekawa Sadamichi , Kikkawa Takashi , Chudo Hiroyuki , Ieda Jun’ichi , Saitoh Eiji
Published: January 2023

Along with the progress of spin science and spintronics research, the flow of electron spins, i.e., spin current, has attracted interest. New phenomena and electronic states were explained in succession using the concept of spin current. Moreover, as many of the conventionally known spintronics phenomena became well organized based on spin current, it has rapidly been recognized as an essential concept in a wide range of condensed matter physics. In this article, we focus on recent developments in the physics of spin, spin current, and their related phenomena, where the conversion between spin angular momentum and different forms of angular momentum plays an essential role. Starting with an introduction to spin current, we first discuss the recent progress in spintronic phenomena driven by spin-exchange coupling: spin pumping, topological Hall torque, and emergent inductor. We, then, extend our discussion to the interaction/interconversion of spins with heat, lattice vibrations, and charge current and address recent progress and perspectives on the spin Seebeck and Peltier effects. Next, we review the interaction between mechanical motion and electron/nuclear spins and argue the difference between the Barnett field and rotational Doppler effect. We show that the Barnett effect reveals the angular momentum compensation temperature, at which the net angular momentum is quenched in ferrimagnets.
A POD-DMD augmented procedure to isolating dominant flow field features in a street canyon
Authors: Fu Yunfei , Lin Xisheng , Li Lu , Chu Qi , Liu Haiqing , Zheng Xing , Liu Chun-Ho , Chen Zengshun , Lin Chongjia , Tse Tim K. T. , Li Cruz Y.
Published: January 2023

This work develops a data analysis procedure, namely, proper orthogonal decomposition (POD)-dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) augmented analysis, to isolate the energy- and evolution-wise dominant features of flow field in a street canyon. This combination aims to extract modes imposing critical influence on pollutant dispersion from both energetic and dynamic perspectives. The two techniques were first conducted based on large-eddy simulation results. Subsequently, based on the POD and DMD ranking, the extracted modes were classified into three types: (1) type 1: energetically and dynamically significant mode; (2) type 2: energetically significant and dynamically insignificant mode; and (3) type 3: energetically insignificant and dynamically significant mode. Results show that mode type 1 contributes to the mainstream flow and the main vortex structures, which can be observed near the stagnation point, the separating point, and the fluid reattachment area. Mode type 2 throws light on where the turbulent kinetic energy is the largest, leading to periodically sudden pollutants increase on the building roof and the wake region. Mode type 3 contributes to the long-term reversed flow structures occurring near the stagnation point, inside the street canyon, and in the wake region. This technique can provide a systematic analysis of the flow field within a street canyon, and it also provides help for potential applications at a city scale, such as solving pollutant dispersion issues in urban areas.
A stability bound on the T-linear resistivity of conventional metals
Authors: Murthy Chaitanya , Pandey Akshat , Esterlis Ilya , Kivelson Steven A.
Published: January 2023

Perturbative considerations account for the properties of conventional metals, including the range of temperatures where the transport scattering rate is 1/
τ
tr
 = 2
π
λ
T
, where
λ
is a dimensionless strength of the electron–phonon coupling. The fact that measured values satisfy
λ
 ≲ 1 has been noted in the context of a possible “Planckian” bound on transport. However, since the electron–phonon scattering is quasielastic in this regime, no such Planckian considerations can be relevant. We present and analyze Monte Carlo results on the Holstein model which show that a different sort of bound is at play: a “stability” bound on
λ
consistent with metallic transport. We conjecture that a qualitatively similar bound on the strength of residual interactions, which is often stronger than Planckian, may apply to metals more generally.
Pour une intelligence interculturelle
Authors: Sauquet Michel
Published: January 2023

Le travail en milieu pluriculturel est facilité par une démarche dite d’intelligence interculturelle. Cette
démarche suppose à la fois une prise de recul, un questionnement constant sur les représentations et les pratiques de nos
interlocuteurs, et un effort de « négociation socioculturelle » permettant de résoudre les problèmes posés par les écarts
culturels entre pays, professions, institutions et générations. Les traducteurs et les interprètes ont dans ce travail un rôle de
médiateurs essentiels.
Communicating in multilingual churches
Authors: Valero-Garcés Carmen
Published: January 2023

This paper aims to expand the boundaries of public service interpreting and translation (PSIT) and map the still widely unexplored territory of translating and interpreting in ecclesiastical settings. The starting point is the consideration that 21st-century societies are shaped by cross-cultural contact and interaction because of migration flows. Consequently, parishes are culturally and linguistically diverse. In such a context, translation and interpreting services are of utmost importance to ensure the integration of parishioners and preachers in the religious community. I intend to explore some of the realities, needs, and challenges posed by interpreting in ecclesiastical settings in Spain. A mainly qualitative methodology based on discourse analysis is used. Data come from empirical studies on related topics, an open questionnaire, and observation. The study touches on issues relating to the specific communication needs and audience expectations in religious settings, the context dependency of ecclesiastical translation and interpreting, and the interpreter’s role(s) of the interpreter in the religious environment.
Neural machine translation and the indivisibility of culture and language
Authors: Sánchez-Gijón Pilar
Published: January 2023

Neural machine translation (NMT) is becoming a common resource both for professional translators and for people who need small, occasional translations. The wide use of NMT for professional purposes reshapes the conditions of translation assignments. Moreover, the effects on the target text and language are not well known, although some studies already suggest a stronger influence of the source language on them. On the other hand, since many NMT tools are easily and freely available and even accessible via mobile devices, they are being increasingly used by non-professionals to carry out short translations mostly. These occasional translators use these tools both to understand a text originally written in a language they do not fluently speak (translation into their first language) and to publish a text in the language they do not master (translation into their second language or even into a language in which the user has poor or no knowledge at all). Finally, NMT is also present in everyday digital products even without users being aware of its intervention, for example in specific apps on smart devices. This article proposes a reflection on the effects of NMT in all these scenarios, with a special focus on the effects on the reception of the target text and on the target language standard.
Numerical study of beam oscillation and its effect on the solidification parameters and grain morphology in remote laser welding of high-strength aluminium alloys
Authors: Mohan Anand , Ceglarek Dariusz , Franciosa Pasquale , Auinger Michael
Published: January 2023

This study investigated the effect of beam oscillation on the solidification behaviour during laser welding of Al-5754 to Al-6061 alloy. In this study, a finite element model has been developed to simulate temperature and fluid flow fields by implementing different combinations of volumetric heat source models. Solidification parameters such as temperature gradient ( G), solidification rate ( R), cooling rate ( G × R) and G/ R are evaluated to understand the mechanism of microstructure formation. It was found that beam oscillation improves the tensile strength by 21.4% for full penetration welding due to an increase in the percentage of formation of equiaxed grains. Modelling results revealed that the cooling rate increases with an increase in oscillation frequency. However, tensile strength followed a parabolic distribution with a peak at the oscillation frequency of 300 Hz.
Transverse electronic transport properties of single DNA nucleobase pairs between different electrode materials
Authors: Ni Guangfu , Li Zirui , Liang Yao , Fang Yongjun , Wang Meishan , Liu Desheng , Xu Yuqing
Published: January 2023

Detection of gene mutation through electronic transport properties measurements is an attractive research topic. For this purpose, we computed the current–voltage characteristics of adenine-thymine and guanine-cytosine nucleobase pairs, using a combination method of density-functional theory with non-equilibrium Green’s function. Gene mutation was also simulated by structural change in nucleobase pairs by a double proton transfer mechanism. Four different metal electrodes were tested. Comparing the results, nucleobase pairs between platinum surfaces showed distinct electronic transport properties. Such as reverse rectifying direction and negative differential resistance behaviors. The discrepancy can be explained from series of electronic and structural analyses. All these results made identification of structural changes in individual DNA nucleobase pairs possible.
Development of a generalized method to allow the estimation of doses to the ICRP reference adults from CT, on the basis of normalized organ and CTDI dose data determined by Monte Carlo calculation for a range of contemporary scanners
Authors: Jansen Jan TM , Shrimpton Paul C , Edyvean Sue
Published: January 2023

Objective. Development of a method to provide organ and effective dose coefficients to reference adults for any CT scanner based on values of CTDI measured both in air and in standard CT dosimetry phantoms. Approach. Results from previous Monte Carlo simulations for a range of contemporary CT scanners have been analyzed to provide linear models relating values of organ dose (normalized to CTDI
free-in-air), for each slab of 3 reference phantoms (ICRP Male/Female, and AH hermaphrodite), to similarly normalized values of CTDI in standard CT dosimetry phantoms. Three methods have been investigated to apply the models to values of CTDI for a ‘new’ scanner not previously simulated: a Generic approach using averaged normalized organ dose profiles for whole body exposure of the phantoms; and two processes for matching the scanner, on the basis of normalized organ doses or effective dose (
n

E
103,phan
), to one of the 102 sets of dose coefficients previously calculated for 12 contemporary CT scanner models, from 4 manufacturers, operating under a range of conditions. Main results. The merit of each method has been quantitatively assessed when applied to both the present contemporary scanners with each test data set being excluded in turn during the matching process, and also to 3 previously-simulated older scanners. Whereas all three methods appear viable, with all doses being within 1% and 10% for the contemporary and old scanners respectively, matching to
n

E
103,phan
is overall the approach preferred in practice, yielding an uncertainty of around 6% in estimated values of
n

E
103,phan
. The present methodology also provides superior performance when compared against some other common normalization factors for E
103,phan
. Significance. The CT dose model and the data sets will be incorporated into a new CT dosimetry tool that will be made available from UKHSA in support of facilitating improvements in patient protection.
Pairwise attention-enhanced adversarial model for automatic bone segmentation in CT images
Authors: Chen Cheng , Qi Siyu , Zhou Kangneng , Lu Tong , Ning Huansheng , Xiao Ruoxiu
Published: January 2023

Objective. Bone segmentation is a critical step in screw placement navigation. Although the deep learning methods have promoted the rapid development for bone segmentation, the local bone separation is still challenging due to irregular shapes and similar representational features. Approach. In this paper, we proposed the pairwise attention-enhanced adversarial model (Pair-SegAM) for automatic bone segmentation in computed tomography images, which includes the two parts of the segmentation model and discriminator. Considering that the distributions of the predictions from the segmentation model contains complicated semantics, we improve the discriminator to strengthen the awareness ability of the target region, improving the parsing of semantic information features. The Pair-SegAM has a pairwise structure, which uses two calculation mechanics to set up pairwise attention maps, then we utilize the semantic fusion to filter unstable regions. Therefore, the improved discriminator provides more refinement information to capture the bone outline, thus effectively enhancing the segmentation models for bone segmentation. Main results. To test the Pair-SegAM, we selected the two bone datasets for assessment. We evaluated our method against several bone segmentation models and latest adversarial models on the both datasets. The experimental results prove that our method not only exhibits superior bone segmentation performance, but also states effective generalization. Significance. Our method provides a more efficient segmentation of specific bones and has the potential to be extended to other semantic segmentation domains.
1/f noise and anomalous scaling in Lévy noise-driven on–off intermittency
Authors: van Kan Adrian , Pétrélis François
Published: January 2023

On–off intermittency occurs in nonequilibrium physical systems close to bifurcation points, and is characterised by an aperiodic switching between a large-amplitude ‘on’ state and a small-amplitude ‘off’ state. Lévy on–off intermittency is a recently introduced generalisation of on–off intermittency to multiplicative Lévy noise, which depends on a stability parameter α and a skewness parameter β. Here, we derive two novel results on Lévy on–off intermittency by leveraging known exact results on the first-passage time statistics of Lévy flights. First, we compute anomalous critical exponents explicitly as a function of arbitrary Lévy noise parameters

(
α
,
β
)

for the first time, by a heuristic method, extending previous results. The predictions are verified using numerical solutions of the fractional Fokker–Planck equation. Second, we derive the power spectrum S(f) of Lévy on–off intermittency, and show that it displays a power law

S
(
f
)
∝

f

κ

at low frequencies f, where

κ
∈
(
−
1
,
0
)

depends on the noise parameters

α
,
β

. An explicit expression for κ is obtained in terms of

(
α
,
β
)

. The predictions are verified using long time series realisations of Lévy on–off intermittency. Our findings help shed light on instabilities subject to non-equilibrium, power-law-distributed fluctuations, emphasizing that their properties can differ starkly from the case of Gaussian fluctuations.
Dynamics of closed quantum systems under stochastic resetting
Authors: Sevilla Francisco J , Valdés-Hernández Andrea
Published: January 2023

We consider a closed quantum system subject to a stochastic resetting process. The generic expression for the resulting density operator is formulated for arbitrary resetting dynamics, fully characterised by the distribution of times between consecutive reset events. We analyse the behaviour of the state in the long-time regime, as well as the evolution of relevant quantities in the study of quantum coherence and closed- versus open-system dynamics. Our general results are complemented with examples involving particular resetting distributions, and special attention is paid to the two-level (qubit) system, in which we elucidate the effects of the renewal process on the speed of evolution toward an orthogonal state, and gain insight into the resetting applied to open systems.
Translating insights from experimental analyses with single-crystal electrodes to practically-applicable material development strategies for controlling the Pt/ionomer interface in polymer electrolyte fuel cells
Authors: Kodama Kensaku , Suzuki Takahisa , Shinozaki Kazuma , Jinnouchi Ryosuke
Published: January 2023

Ionomers are used in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) catalyst layers to improve proton conduction. Recent analytical studies have clarified that the adsorption of the ionomer on the surface of a Pt catalyst deteriorates the catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen transport properties near the catalyst surface. These findings have led to the development of new materials, such as mesoporous carbon support and highly oxygen-permeable ionomer, which are now commercially used. In this review article, we summarize recent analytical studies of the Pt/ionomer interface focusing on half-cell experiments with single-crystal electrodes. We also present promising approaches for mitigating ionomer adsorption, as well as the remaining challenges in the application of these approaches to PEFCs.
Everyone Wins: Vaccine Lotteries Can Cost-Effectively Increase COVID-19 Booster Vaccination Rates
Authors: McLaren Zoë M
Published: January 2023

Booster vaccination remains a key strategy to address the ongoing threat of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, take-up has been slow. By the fall of 2022, less than 50% of eligible US residents had received a booster dose. It is a central tenet in health economics that incentives or penalties are necessary to reach optimal vaccination rates. Six rigorous real-world studies provide evidence that COVID-19 vaccine lotteries cost-effectively raised vaccination rates at an estimated cost of $49 to $82 per additional dose. The 5 studies that found no impact of lotteries used statistical methods that underestimated the impact: They were statistically underpowered to detect a small yet cost-effective impact and did not adequately address selection bias. Vaccine lotteries are cost-effective because they not only provide financial incentives but also influence the public via nonfinancial channels: They garner media attention, tap into social networks, combat procrastination, and signal the importance of sustaining high vaccination rates. In fact, vaccine lotteries are likely to be more effective for booster vaccination than for initial doses because barriers to vaccination are higher. The ongoing threat of COVID-19 presents a unique opportunity to develop and implement innovative, evidence-based public health policies like vaccine lotteries to address current challenges.
Hypertrophic genital herpes simplex due to HSV 2 sensitive to maximum dose of oral aciclovir
Authors: Folch Hugo , Jahr Catalina , Giacaman Paula , Zuñiga Priscila , Del Pino Marcelo
Published: January 2023

In patients who are HIV-positive, genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections can present with atypical clinical presentations, representing a diagnostic challenge. Hypertrophic herpes simplex has been classified as a clinical presentation that generally tends to be resistant to treatment with aciclovir. We present a case of hypertrophic HSV due to HSV Type 2, which was sensitive to maximum doses of oral aciclovir.
Opportunities for implementing a patient-initiated follow-up pathway for patients with psoriasis completing phototherapy
Authors: Kanji Alpa , Hussain Khawar , Patel Neil P
Published: January 2023

We performed a retrospective case analysis to identify opportunities to introduce a patient-initiated follow-up (PIFU) pathway for patients with psoriasis completing narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy at our centre. In total, 42 patients completed phototherapy between January 2016 and August 2018 and outcomes were observed for 36 months after phototherapy cessation. Had a PIFU pathway been in place, 24 routine follow-up appointments could have been saved and 8 nonattendances could have been avoided. Seven patients who were discharged or did not attend follow-up after phototherapy flared within 12 months and could have benefited from PIFU to re-access dermatology care. In total 21 patients (50.0%) experienced a relapse within 36 months of completion of phototherapy, and 18 of these (85.7%) relapsed at 0–12 months. The median time to relapse was 6 months. We conclude a post-phototherapy PIFU pathway could help eliminate unnecessary appointments for patients in remission and improve access for patients who relapse. A 12-month PIFU duration prior to discharge would be sufficient to capture the majority of relapses.
Comparison of the cardiovascular effects of immobilization with three different drug combinations in free-ranging African lions
Authors: Donaldson Ashleigh Claire , Meyer Leith Carl Rodney , Fuller Andrea , Buss Peter Erik
Published: January 2023

Thirty-six free-ranging lions (12 per group) were immobilized with tiletamine–zolazepam (Zoletil 0.6 mg/kg i.m.) plus medetomidine (0.036 mg/kg i.m.) (TZM), ketamine (3.0 mg/kg i.m.) plus medetomidine (0.036 mg/kg i.m.) (KM) or ketamine (1.2 mg/kg i.m.) plus butorphanol (0.24 mg/kg i.m.) plus medetomidine (0.036 mg/kg i.m.) (KBM). During immobilization cardiovascular variables were monitored at 5-minute intervals for a period of 30 minutes. Lions immobilized with all three drug combinations were severely hypertensive. Systolic arterial pressure was higher at initial sampling in lions immobilized with KM (237.3 ± 24.8 mmHg) than in those immobilized with TZM (221.0 ± 18.1 mmHg) or KBM (226.0 ± 20.6 mmHg) and decreased to 205.8 ± 19.4, 197.7 ± 23.7 and 196.3 ± 17.7 mmHg, respectively. Heart rates were within normal ranges for healthy, awake lions and decreased throughout the immobilization regardless of drug combination used. Lions immobilized with TZM had a higher occurrence (66%) of skipped heart beats than those immobilized with KBM (25%). The three drug combinations all caused negative cardiovascular effects, which were less when KBM was used, but adverse enough to warrant further investigations to determine if these effects can be reversed or prevented when these three combinations are used to immobilize free-living lions.
Effect of super-chilling storage on maintenance of quality and freshness of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas)
Authors: Dong Shiliang , Niu Yabin , Wei Huamao , Lin Yumeng , Lu Xin , Yamashita Tetsuro , Yu Kefeng , Takaki Koichi , Yuan Chunhong
Published: January 2023

The quality changes of shelled Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) were examined in relation to the effects of superchilling storage at −1 °C for 28 d by measuring changes in biochemical properties (microbial analysis, adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-related compounds, pH, free amino acids) and sensory evaluations in this study. The results indicated that microorganism growth was significantly inhibited during superchilling storage. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) accumulated while ATP rapidly decreased in the adductor muscle. ATP and ADP were the primary components in the other 3 tissues including mantle, gill, and body trunk of oysters, and they remained ­relatively stable over time. The pH and adenylate energy charge in the adductor muscle could be utilized as freshness indicators for shelled oysters. However, there were no significant differences (P>0.05) among the free amino acids during whole storage. According to the sensory evaluations, oysters could be alive and tolerated up to 21 d at −1 °C storage. The study demonstrated that superchilling storage at −1 °C could better maintain the eating quality of shelled oysters and the shelf life was extended to 21 d.