bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current and emerging factor VIII replacement products for hemophilia A
Authors: Cafuir Lorraine A. , Kempton Christine L.
Published: August 2017

Hemophilia A is a congenital X-linked bleeding disorder caused by coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) deficiency. Routine infusion of factor replacement products is the current standard of care; however, the development of alloantibodies against FVIII remains a challenge. The treatment of hemophilia has undergone major advances over the past century to improve safety, effectiveness, manufacturing, and convenience of factor products. Major recent advances in the treatment of hemophilia A include the emergence of extended half-life products, factor VIII orthologs, and gene therapy products. Extended half-life products were designed to decrease the frequency of infusions, but only modest half-life extension is achieved. Factor VIII orthologs featuring lower cross-reactivity with anti-FVIII antibodies may be less susceptible to inactivation by inhibitors. Meanwhile, gene therapy may potentially provide a cure for hemophilia A, thus abrogating the need for protein-based factor replacement. This review aims to discuss current and emerging FVIII replacement products for hemophilia A.
Asbestos-related diseases in mineworkers: a clinicopathological study
Authors: Ndlovu Ntombizodwa , Rees David , Murray Jill , Vorajee Naseema , Richards Guy , teWaterNaude Jim
Published: August 2017

The accurate diagnosis of asbestos-related diseases is important because of past and current asbestos exposures. This study evaluated the reliability of clinical diagnoses of asbestos-related diseases in former mineworkers using autopsies as the reference standard.

Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated.

The 149 cases identified had clinical examinations 0.3–7.4 years before death. More asbestos-related diseases were diagnosed at autopsy rather than clinically: 77versus52 for asbestosis, 27versus14 for mesothelioma and 22versus3 for lung cancer. Sensitivity and specificity values for clinical diagnoses were 50.6% and 81.9% for asbestosis, 40.7% and 97.5% for mesothelioma, and 13.6% and 100.0% for lung cancer. False-negative diagnoses of asbestosis were more likely using radiographs of acceptable (versusgood) quality and in cases with pulmonary tuberculosis at autopsy.

The low sensitivity values are indicative of the high proportion of false-negative diagnoses. It is unlikely that these were the result of disease manifestation between the last clinical assessment and autopsy. Where clinical features suggest asbestos-related diseases but the chest radiograph is negative, more sophisticated imaging techniques or immunohistochemistry for asbestos-related cancers should be used. Autopsies are useful for the detection of previously undiagnosed and misdiagnosed asbestos-related diseases, and for monitoring clinical practice and delivery of compensation.
ISGylation – a key to lock the cell gates for preventing the spread of threats
Authors: Villarroya-Beltri Carolina , Guerra Susana , Sánchez-Madrid Francisco
Published: August 2017

Interferon stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is an ubiquitin-like protein whose expression and conjugation to targets (ISGylation) is induced by infection, interferon (IFN)-α and -β, ischemia, DNA damage and aging. Attention has historically focused on the antiviral effects of ISGylation, which blocks the entry, replication or release of different intracellular pathogens. However, recently, new functions of ISGylation have emerged that implicate it in multiple cellular processes, such as DNA repair, autophagy, protein translation and exosome secretion. In this Review, we discuss the induction and conjugation of ISG15, as well as the functions of ISGylation in the prevention of infections and in cancer progression. We also offer a novel perspective with regard to the latest findings on this pathway, with special attention to the role of ISGylation in the inhibition of exosome secretion, which is mediated by fusion of multivesicular bodies with lysosomes. Finally, we propose that under conditions of stress or infection, ISGylation acts as a defense mechanism to inhibit normal protein translation by modifying protein kinase R (PKR, also known as EIF2AK2), while any newly synthesized proteins are being tagged and thus marked as potentially dangerous. Then, the endosomal system is re-directed towards protein degradation at the lysosome, to effectively ‘lock’ the cell gates and thus prevent the spread of pathogens, prions and deleterious aggregates through exosomes.
Two modes of targeting transposable elements by piRNA pathway in human testis
Authors: Gainetdinov Ildar , Skvortsova Yulia , Kondratieva Sofia , Funikov Sergey , Azhikina Tatyana
Published: August 2017

PIWI proteins and their partner small RNAs, termed piRNAs, are known to control transposable elements (TEs) in the germline. Here, we provide evidence that in humans this control is exerted in two different modes. On the one hand, production of piRNAs specifically targeting evolutionarily youngest TEs (L1HS, L1PA2-L1PA6, LTR12C, SVA) is present both at prenatal and postnatal stages of spermatogenesis and is performed without involvement of piRNA clusters. On the other hand, at postnatal stages, piRNAs deriving from pachytene clusters target “older” TEs and thus complement cluster-independent piRNA production to achieve relevant targeting of virtually all TEs expressed in postnatal testis. We also find that converging transcription of antisense-oriented genes contributes to the origin of genic postnatal prepachytene clusters. Finally, while a fraction of pachytene piRNAs was previously shown to arise from long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs, i.e., pachytene piRNA cluster primary transcripts), we ascertain that these are a specific set of lincRNAs that both possess distinguishing epigenetic features and are expressed exclusively in testis.
Latent autoimmune disease in adults as a cause of diabetes
Authors: Morris David
Published: August 2017

David Morris explains the importance of identifying this often-overlooked autoimmune condition
Keeping travellers up to date with global vaccination requirements
Authors: Lang Sarah
Published: August 2017

Travel vaccines are an ever evolving area of practice, Sarah Lang highlights what you need to know
Picture the action…
Authors: Davis John
Published: August 2017

In the final part of this series that provides opportunities for pupils to acquire the skills to present text in different formats, John Davis focuses on the comic strip.
Building bridges to make connections
Authors: Davis John
Published: August 2017

John Davis concludes his reading to learn series by investigating bridge construction and asking children to create models, and comic strips to describe the process.
Activating citizens in Dutch care reforms: framing new co-production roles and competences for citizens and professionals
Authors: Nederhand José , Van Meerkerk Ingmar
Published: August 2017

This study explores the growing interest of governments in co-production and self-organisation by examining the framing of roles and responsibilities of citizens and professionals in care reforms. As in many other western countries, the Dutch welfare state is subject to major reforms, shifting responsibilities back towards society. A qualitative content analysis of policy letters of the Dutch national government shows that newer roles (citizen-as-co-producers) do not substitute traditional roles (citizen-as-clients), but constitute a new layer resulting in an expansion and diversification of roles for regular providers. Activating, supporting and partnering with citizens are framed as new competences of professionals.
‘Celebrating diverse motherhood’: physically disabled women’s counter-narratives to their stigmatised identity as mothers
Authors: Lappeteläinen Anita , Sevón Eija , Vehkakoski Tanja
Published: August 2017

This study examined how disabled women negotiated their stigmatised identity as mothers by presenting counter-narratives to the culturally dominant narrative of disabled motherhood. Eleven Finnish physically disabled mothers were interviewed. The data were analysed by focusing on these counter-narratives, their linguistic features and their functions in the interviews. The disabled mothers produced four types of counter-narratives about their motherhood experiences: (1) celebrating diverse motherhood through individual coping; (2) performing motherhood through collaborative caring; (3) boosting motherhood through praising one’s children; and (4) normalising (disabled women’s) motherhood through identifying with the mother community. All the counternarratives included explicit or implicit references to the culturally dominant narratives of disabled motherhood, but instead of taking their stigmatised identity for granted, they adopted a critical position towards it. Producing counter-narratives enabled the disabled mothers to position themselves as good mothers and care providers, and not as questionable mothers or recipients of care.
The Norwegian child protection services in stormy weather
Authors: Hennum Nicole
Published: August 2017

By examining children as symbols within a Norwegian context and, further, as icons in a larger Western context, the article shows how these ways of understanding children give the Norwegian child protection system both its strength and its potential to misuse power. It is clear that, today, there exist in Norway children whose experiences contravene hegemonic understandings of children. Many of these children encounter child protection professionals who seek to provide them with childhoods in keeping with the Norwegian consensus about how children should be and how childhood should be lived. The situations of such children are often interpreted with reference to two universal images: one involving the discourse of children’s rights; and the other involving the discourse of psychosocial rehabilitation. These images need to be changed in order to fit the realities of children’s own subjectivity, opportunities and material conditions of life.
Social justice beyond neoliberal welfare nationalism: challenges of increasing immigration to Sweden and Norway
Authors: Jönsson Jessica H. , Kojan Bente Heggem
Published: August 2017

This article critically examines the socio-political responses of Sweden and Norway to the increasing of immigration and refugees in 2015/16. Based on a review of governmental and municipal authorities’ responses to the increasing immigration to the two countries, the results show that the increasing of immigration and refugees in a time of neoliberal reorganisation in society creates new conceptual, ethical and practical challenges for the practices of social work in the two countries. It is argued that the neoliberal privatisation of the reception of newcomers deteriorates the possibilities of social work to play its effective role in promoting social justice and social cohesion. Social work as a global and human rights profession should move beyond national boundaries and care nationalism in order to realise solidary goals and the international commitments of social work and social workers.
Proximate, GC-FID, and micronutrient analysis of ex-tracts of azadirachta indica
Authors: Benjamin Amadi , Mary Emelieze , Charity Ogunka-Nnoka , Nnabugwu Agomuo , Peter Amadi
Published: August 2017

Different extraction media applied on the pulverized leaves of Neem plant (Azadirachta indica) were analyzed for its proximate, phytochemical, and micronutrient compositions, predominantly using the gas chromatographic technique. The results showed that the ethanol extract contained the highest amounts of carbohydrates and fibre. No significant difference (p>0.05) was recorded for the protein and ash content of both ethanol and methanol extracts, while the moisture and fat contents occurred highest in aqueous and methanol extracts respectively. The phytochemical screening revealed the absence of glycosides in all the extracts while steroids were found only in methanol and ethanol extracts. The aqueous extracts contained greater amounts of epicate chin (13.42%), lunamarine (5.81%), tannin (19.18%) and phytates (0.27%), but lacked anthocyanin, phenol and kaempferol, while rutin (77.54%), ribalinidine (2.06%), oxalate (1.23%), anthocyanin (1.16%), and sparteine (0.05%) occurred highest in the ethanol extract. Only sparteine was lacking in the methanol extract. No significant difference was recorded between the aqueous and ethanol extracts for the vitamin A, D, C, and B2­ contents, while except for vitamin B3 (0.22mg/100g) and vitamin K (0.08mg/100g), 08mg/100g), the methanol extracts contained the least amounts of the vitamins evaluated. Manganese, zinc, copper, calcium and lead contents of the methanol extract were significantly higher than those of the other extracts while the aqueous extract contained the highest amount of sodium. This study has provided the scientific backing for the application of a specific extraction medium during the exploitation of distinct phytochemicals, while water, ethanol, and methanol should be the preferred extraction media for vitamins, proximate and dietary mineral contents respectively.
Evaluation of patient’s perception and experience towards anterior microimplants for intrusion: A questionnaire study
Authors: Chinmay Dave , Bhavnit Vaghani , Kartik Patel , Goje Santosh , Shah Purvesh , Modi Bhumi
Published: August 2017

Introduction: Implants have gained popularity in orthodontics because they facilitate maximum anchorage with minimum patient    cooperation. However, some orthodontists avoid using implants because perception and experience of patients towards such anchorage systems is questionable and is not been fully reported.Aim and objectives: To evaluate the patient’s perception and experience towards the treatment with anterior microimplants for intrusion of anterior teeth using questionnaire.Materials and methods: After considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, Participants who are undergoing orthodontic treatment with anterior implants for the intrusion of the maxillary anterior teeth was selected for the study. Questionnaire which was validated from ten respondents and subject experts will be given to each participant and asked to fill it. After collection of filled questionnaire, all the data was subjected to statistical analysis.Results: Most of the patients had enough confidence on their orthodontist and did not think to take a second opinion when an anterior implant was recommended. Majority of the patients were concerned to know regarding advantages and disadvantages of anterior       microimplant and inquired about the time for the placement of anterior microimplant. More patients were worried about how long the anterior microimplant will remain inserted in their mouth and had fear of local anesthesia. On loading of microimplant, most of the   patients felt pressure at the implant and few felt pain.Conclusion: The procedure was pleasant and comfortable for large number of patients and they did not felt pain after placement of   anterior microimplant. Majority of the patients were satisfied with the treatment and would recommend it to other patients. Highest   number of patients got used to the anterior implant by day 7 followed by day 15. An average acceptable time period for the anterior   microimplant was 12 months. The overall perception and experience by the patients to the placement of anterior microimplant can be rated as expected and good.
Comparison between the commonly used radiographic techniques for intra oral imaging in dentistry-A questionnaire study
Authors: Tatapudi Ramesh , Myla Swathi , Gurugubelli Upendra , Koneru Jyothirmai , K Meenakshi , Bandaru Sravani , Thumula Reshmi
Published: August 2017

Aim:-To compare the opinion regarding usage of bisecting-angle technique and the paralleling techniques among BDS students, post graduate students, private practitioners in and around Bhimavaram town for intra oral imaging in dentistry. Materials and methods: A detailed questionnaire composed of questions regarding technical parameters, exposure parameters, operator and patient comfort and image accuracy in diagnosis. Details of the study were explained to the participants preferred option to be marked according to the question mentioned in the questionnaire. Total 500 individuals participated in the present study, with 100 individuals in each group. Data was collected and entered in Microsoft Excel (2010) and statistically analysed using SPSS 20. Chi-square test was used to evaluate differences in the responses with P-value ≤ 0.05 were considered significant. Results: Results showed that in technical parameters most of the people opted for bisecting angle technique with p value≤ 0.05 and found as significant. In aspect of exposure parameters, results are in favour of paralleling technique and p value is ≤ 0.05. In aspect of the operator and patient comfort there is an equal opinion most of them opted for bisecting angle technique and paralleling technique p value is significant. In aspect of image accuracy p value is significant for paralleling technique. Conclusion: Great work should have to be done to alleviate the quality of radiographs and the understanding and perspective of dental graduates regarding dental and maxillo-facial radiology. The results of present study revealed though there is knowledge about the techniques, but lack of application decreases their ability to get more accurate diagnostic radiograph. Paralleling technique being the most accurate in image accuracy should be emphasized to practice and needed to be modified in conditions where it is not feasible to deal with.
Algoritmo para la estimación de la frecuencia instantánea en señales de fase variante en el tiempo usando la transformación local polinomial de Fourier
Authors: Cubides Herbert Enrique Rojas , Forero Mejia Maria Carolina
Published: August 2017

La transformación local polinomial de Fourier (LPFT) es una representación tiempo-frecuencia (TFR) que generaliza los resultados obtenidos por la transformación de Fourier de corto tiempo (STFT). Esta herramienta matemática puede ser empleada para estimar la frecuencia  instantánea (IF)  y sus derivadas  en señales no-estacionarias o señales de fase variante en el tiempo . Varias publicaciones presentan diferentes métodos para calcular la LPFT. Sin embargo, estos trabajos no describen de manera completa un algoritmo para su implementación computacional o requieren del cálculo de funciones o transformaciones adicionales. Este artículo propone un algoritmo basado en la definición de la aproximación local polinomial (LPA) y el uso del periodograma local polinomial (LPP) como estimador de la IF y sus derivadas. Así mismo, se presenta la validación del algoritmo propuesto y se consideran los errores (SRMSE) en el cálculo de los estimados de la LPFT. Finalmente, se determinan los costos computacionales a partir de un caso de estudio. Los resultados muestran que el error en el cálculo de la LPFT disminuye dependiendo del ancho de la función ventana y de la resolución dada a los posibles estimados de , aunque esto provoque un incremento en la cantidad de operaciones  realizadas.
A Note on Cournot Competition in Differentiated Oligopolies
Authors: Dou Jiangli , Ye Bing
Published: August 2017

In this paper, we study a Cournot competition where there are a group of firms producing a homogeneous product and another group producing a differentiated product. We find that, fixing the total number of firms in the market, each firm’s profit is U-shaped and convex in the number of firms producing the same product when the degree of substitution is large, and each firm’s profit is U-shaped in the cross-price effect parameter when the number of firms producing the same product is large.
Eco-Firms and the Sequential Adoption of Environmental Corporate Social Responsibility in the Managerial Delegation
Authors: Lee Sang-Ho , Park Chul-Hi
Published: August 2017

This article investigates the strategic environmental corporate social responsibility (ECSR) of polluting firms in the presence of eco-firms. When the firms decide to adopt ECSR sequentially within the framework of the managerial incentive design and then face simultaneous price competition, we show that firms will adopt ECSR and purchase abatement goods to mitigate competition if the products are more substitutable, but the late adopter chooses lower ECSR and thus earns higher profit. It can partially explain the current expansive adoption of ECSR as an industry-wide wave.
Waste Heat Energy Harvesting by use of BaTiO3 for Pyroelectric Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Belitz R. , Meisner P. , Coeler M. , Wunderwald U. , Friedrich J. , Zosel J. , Schelter M. , Jachalke S. , Mehner E.
Published: August 2017

The generation of hydrogen as a chemical energy storage for power generation via fuel cells or for the synthesis of fuels has attained a strong interest in recent years. By way of example this is realized using electrolysis of water with the help of excess electricity of wind power plants. However with low temperature grade waste heat as it could be found in many industrial and household applications, there is another source of usable energy for this purpose. In a first pragmatic experimentation we investigated the pyroelectric effect of ferroelectric BaTiO3 combined with a temperature cycling to generate hydrogen from water. Therefore, single crystals ground to powder were brought into contact with distilled water and set to a cyclical temperature change from 40 °C to 70 °C. With the help of a highly selective and sensitive measuring system based on a coulometric solid electrolyte detector we could provide a first indication of pyroelectric generated hydrogen by a fraction of 300 Vol.-ppb in the sample gas.
Commutators of the fractional integrals for second-order elliptic operators on Morrey spaces
Authors: Chen Yanping , Ding Yong
Published: August 2017

Let

L
=

-

div
⁡

(

A
⁢
∇

)

{L=-\operatorname{div}(A\nabla)}

be a second-order divergence form elliptic operator and let A be an accretive,

n
×
n

{n\times n}

matrix with bounded measurable complex coefficients in

ℝ
n

{{\mathbb{R}}^{n}}

. Let

L

-

α
2

{L^{-\frac{\alpha}{2}}}

be the fractional integral associated to L for

0
<
α
<
n

{0<\alpha<n}

. For

b
∈

L
loc

⁢

(

ℝ
n

)

{b\in L_{\mathrm{loc}}({\mathbb{R}}^{n})}

and

k
∈
ℕ

{k\in{\mathbb{N}}}

, the k-th order commutator of b and

L

-

α
2

{L^{-\frac{\alpha}{2}}}

is given by

(

L

-

α
2

)

b
,
k

⁢
f
⁢

(
x
)

=

L

-

α
2

⁢

(

(

b
⁢

(
x
)

-
b

)

k

⁢
f

)

⁢

(
x
)

.

(L^{-\frac{\alpha}{2}})_{b,k}f(x)=L^{-\frac{\alpha}{2}}((b(x)-b)^{k}f)(x).

In the paper,
we mainly show that if

b
∈

BMO
⁢

(

ℝ
n

)

{b\in\mathrm{BMO}({\mathbb{R}}^{n})}

,

0
<
λ
<
n

{0<\lambda<n}

and

0
<
α
<

n
-
λ

{0<\alpha<n-\lambda}

, then

(

L

-

α
2

)

b
,
k

{(L^{-\frac{\alpha}{2}})_{b,k}}

is bounded from

L

p
,
λ

{L^{p,\lambda}}

to

L

q
,
λ

{L^{q,\lambda}}

for

p
-

⁢

(
L
)

<
p
<
q
<

p
+

⁢

(
L
)

⁢

n
-
λ

n

{p_{-}(L)

0

{\{e^{-tL}\}_{t>0}}

. Also, we establish the boundedness of the commutator of the fractional integral with Lipschitz function on Morrey spaces. The results encompass
what is known for the classical Riesz potentials and elliptic operators with Gaussian domination by the classical heat
operator.
Numerical Investigation on the Strain Evolution of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy during Multi-directional Forging at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Yan Chenkan , Shen Jun , Lin Peng
Published: August 2017

Multi-directional forging (MDF) is one of the most promising severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods used in fabricating large-scale bulk metal materials with ultra-fine grains (UFG). A finite element model for MDF is developed to investigate the strain evolution of Ti-6Al-4V alloy subjected to MDF. Results show that the billet subjected to MDF can be divided into four individual strain zones in terms of the equivalence of effective strain evolution, and that the strain increment in each individual strain zone varies from pass to pass. The deviation between the maximum and the minimum strain increases with the increase of passes and friction coefficient. The effective strain linearly decreases from the core to the exterior of the billet in all three directions after the MDF process. With the increase of the passes and friction coefficient, the gradient of the effective strain in the billet increases in all three directions due to the difference of deformability in different individual strain zones. For the definite friction coefficient, the average and maximum effective strains are in proportion to the accumulative compression strain.
The neurology and psychiatry of humor, smiling and laughter: A tribute to Paul McGhee. Part I. Introduction and clinical studies
Authors: Rodden Frank
Published: August 2017

This review article was written for people like Paul McGhee when he was 20 years old: curious and interested in the neurology and psychiatry of humor, smiling and laughter but neither physicians nor experts in cognitive science. It begins with necessary reflections on what it even means to consider humor, smiling and laughter from within these disciplines. These frames of reference, useful as they are, are far from neutral. The reader is encouraged to be sensitive to some logical and linguistic pitfalls that can fatally endanger meaningful discussions of these subjects. The results of empirical studies of humor, smiling and laughter which have employed the tools of neurology and psychiatry are then reviewed, roughly in the order in which the techniques have emerged historically, beginning with clinical studies (Part I) and continuing with current studies employing functional imaging methods in Part II. Therapeutic approaches using humor, smiling and laughter, particularly with respect to neurological and psychiatric diseases – but also including other diseases – are discussed. Finally a short synopsis of what is known about the neurology and psychiatry of humor, smiling and laughter is presented.
Conversational humor and job satisfaction at work: exploring the role of humor production, appreciation, and positive affect
Authors: Robert Christopher , da Motta Veiga Serge P.
Published: August 2017

This study examined whether everyday conversational humor is related to job satisfaction, and if the relationship is mediated by positive affect. We also explored differences between the roles of humor production and humor appreciation, and tested the cyclical nature of the relationship by examining whether job satisfaction stimulates subsequent humor. Data were obtained through an experience sampling study in which participants completed two brief surveys each day for 10 consecutive workdays (Level 1 n=237–279, Level 2 N=35). Results revealed a positive relationship between humor and job satisfaction that was partially mediated by positive affect, and also indicated that job satisfaction on day
Surface Characterization of Sulfated Iron Oxide and Its Synthesis of Biodiesel Under Microwave Radiation
Authors: Yuan Hong , Ma Xiaoqin , He Jie , Dong Zhaoyang
Published: August 2017

The solid acid catalysts SO42−/Fe2O3were prepared by impregnation technique, and the preparation conditions were different in calcination temperature, concentration of impregnation solution of H2SO4and impregnation time. The characterization was performed by using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Temperature programed desorption of NH3(NH3‒TPD), N2‒BET and microwave absorbing test. As shown by FTIR spectra, the S=O functional group existed in the sample, which was essential for the strong acidity of the SO42‒/MxOytype solid acids. The XRD results indicated that when the calcination temperature exceeded 400℃, iron in SO42‒/Fe2O3transformed from amorphous to crystalline phase. The results from NH3-TPD showed that the prepared sample possessed strong acid and superacid sites. As shown by N2-BET results, the BET surface area of the samples was up to 200m2/g, and their pore size distributions essentially belonged to mesoporous characteristic distribution. The SO42−/Fe2O3solid acid catalysts were used for the transesterification of castor oil under microwave radiation to produce biodiesel. The amounts of FAME in the product were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The highest yield of product was 65.3 wt.% when the reaction temperature was 65 ℃, alcohol/oil molar ratio was 30/1, catalyst loading was 20 wt.%, the reaction time was 3 h and the power of microwave was 300 w. Furthermore, the reaction results showed that SO42‒/Fe2O3had better catalytic activity under microwave radiation than under conventional heating condition.
Modified Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization for Combined Heat and Power Economic Dispatch
Authors: Pattanaik Jagat Kishore , Basu Mousumi , Dash Deba Prasad
Published: August 2017

This paper develops and suggests modified teaching-learning-based optimization to solve non-smooth non-convex combined heat and power economic dispatch (CHPED) problem. The valve-point loading and forbidden working regions of conventional thermal generator are taken into account. Modified teaching–learning-based optimization (MTLBO) introduces Gaussian random variables in the ‘Teacher phase’ and ‘Learner phase’ which perks up search efficiency and assurances a high probability of acquiring the global optimum without considerably impairing the convergence speed and the simplicity of the structure of teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO). The efficacy of the suggested MTLBO technique has been confirmed on three test systems and 15 benchmark functions. Test results of the suggested technique have been matched up to those achieved by other evolutionary techniques. It has been observed from the comparison that the suggested MTLBO technique has the ability to endow with superior solution.
Two Time Steps Predictive Control Application to a Bioprocess Simulator
Authors: Altuntaş Semin , Hapoglu Hale
Published: August 2017

The control of batch bioreactors to maintain the pH at a constant set point is quite different from the continuous system applications, because acid and base simultaneous addition has a strong effect on the closed-loop performance which may never reach the desired value. While it is most desirable to use approximate models based on the chemistry of the system, this may not always be possible for batch bioprocesses. The present paper discusses the usage of a simulator with appropriate input and output data obtained from the real batch bioprocess without control. The real process pH behaviour was simulated by using 7 M citric acid flow rate changes in the face of constant base addition. Two time steps predictive control was applied to the bioprocess simulator by coordinating 0.5 M citric acid and 0.5 M sodium bicarbonate flow rates. The best control weighting factor magnitude was determined. The control was achieved successfully for regulator problem.
Language is me: Language maintenance in Chipilo, Mexico
Authors: Tararova Olga
Published: August 2017

The present study analyses the attitudes of Italo-Mexican speakers in a bicultural, bilingual community, Chipilo, Mexico, who have preserved their minority language, Veneto, for over a century. The study was guided by two research questions, which examined the possible instruction in Veneto in schools and the link between speakers’ identity and Veneto. Three social variables were examined: gender, age, and education. The results showed a positive correlation between participants’ identity and Veneto use, specifically among younger male speakers. In terms of instruction in schools, the data revealed the possibility of incorporating Veneto in classrooms; predominantly positive responses were given among males (aged 35–55+) with College and University levels of education. Based on these two results, there is a high probability of Veneto maintenance in the near future.
Rap music in minority languages in secondary education: A case study of Catalan rap
Authors: Aliagas Marín Cristina
Published: August 2017

This article explores hip hop music as a powerful tool for educational institutions to promote minority languages among teenagers living in multilingual contexts. It reports on an educational experience in secondary education that consisted of a series of rhyme workshops given by a guest hip hop artist in a secondary school in Catalonia, where two main languages (Spanish and Catalan) coexist in an unbalanced situation that favours Spanish for peer-communication. Drawing on two articulated pieces of fieldwork (the first one in the classroom and the second outside school with three students who were emergent rappers), the study shows a rift between language practices in the classroom and hip hop language practices in the teenagers’ lives. It also shows the powerful effect of bringing a professional musician into the classroom and how the school can have an impact on the language practices of the students outside school.
The Prosser Letters: Scholar as Dean
Authors: Robinette Christopher J. , Graham Kyle
Published: August 2017

Examining a previously unexplored trove of letters, this article sheds new light on the thinking and work of William L. Prosser, the past century’s leading torts scholar. In these letters to family written while dean of the University of California, Berkeley School of Law, Prosser candidly describes his approach to scholarship; the development of his casebook, the second edition of Prosser on Torts, and some of his most well-known and influential articles. Moreover, Prosser provides his often-cynical impressions of the legal process; his views of his peers at Berkeley and at other institutions; and his work as dean. The letters also demonstrate some of Prosser’s limitations, including his craving for attention, a sometimes petty personality, and racial and ethnic biases. In all, the letters capture a scholar at the zenith of professional accomplishment in his field, who nevertheless showed signs of the insecurity that would later trigger his resignation from the Berkeley deanship and retreat from the forefront of torts scholarship.
The Chow-Lin method extended to dynamic models with autocorrelated residuals
Authors: Poissonnier Aurélien
Published: August 2017

I provide a closed-form solution to temporal disaggregation or interpolation models which is both general in terms of dynamic structure of the model (lags of the high-frequency variable) and flexible in terms of autocorrelation of its residual. As for static models, I show that assuming autocorrelated residuals in dynamic models is practically convenient. To illustrate the potential of the solution proposed, I provide an example for quarterly non-financial corporations’ capital stock in computers and communication equipment.
Semantic values as latent parameters: Testing a fixed threshold hypothesis for cardinal readings of few & many
Authors: Schöller Anthea , Franke Michael
Published: August 2017

Certain uses of vague quantifiers few and many intuitively compare a true quantity to a priori expectations about that quantity. A concrete proposal for the truth conditions of such readings stipulates a contextually-stable threshold on a contextually-variable representation of a priori expectations (Clark, H. H. 1991. Words, the world, and their possibilities. In Lockhead G. R. & Pomerantz J. R. (eds.), The perception of structure: Essays in honor of Wendell R Garner, 263–277. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; Fernando, T. & H. Kamp. 1996. Expecting many. In Galloway T. & Spence J. (eds.), Proceedings of SALT VI, 53–68. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University.) The main goal of this paper is to introduce data-driven computational modeling as a means to implement and test complex semantic theories of this kind, which may be hard to assess based on solitary introspection of meaning intuitions. Based on an empirical measure of a priori expectations, we use Bayesian inference to estimate likely values of the latent threshold parameters given empirical data from production and comprehension tasks. We demonstrate how posterior inference and statistical model comparison can help assess the plausibility of the fixed threshold hypothesis.
Incremental parsing in a continuous dynamical system: sentence processing in Gradient Symbolic Computation
Authors: Cho Pyeong Whan , Goldrick Matthew , Smolensky Paul
Published: August 2017

Any incremental parser must solve two computational problems: (1) maintaining all interpretations consistent with the words that have been processed so far and (2) excluding all globally-incoherent interpretations. While these problems are well understood, it is not clear how the dynamic, continuous mechanisms that underlie human language processing solve them. We introduce a Gradient Symbolic Computation (GSC) parser, a continuous-state, continuous-time stochastic dynamical-system model of symbolic processing, which builds up a discrete symbolic structure gradually by dynamically strengthening a discreteness constraint. Online, interactive tutorials with open-source software are presented in a companion website. Our results reveal that the GSC parser can solve the two computational problems by moving to a non-discrete blend state that evolves exclusively to discrete states representing contextually-appropriate globally-coherent interpretations. In a simulation study using a simple formal grammar, we show that successful parsing requires appropriate control of the discreteness constraint strength (a quantization policy). With inappropriate quantization policies, the GSC parser makes mistakes that mirror those made in natural language comprehension (garden-path or local-coherence errors). These findings suggest that the GSC model offers a neurally plausible solution to these two core problems.
Diversity and (In)equality in the Global Art World: Global Development and Structure of Field-Configuring Events
Authors: Morgner Christian
Published: August 2017

There is a boom of art historical studies on the globalisation of the arts or global art world. Sociological accounts are, despite the rise of cultural and art sociology in recent years, almost complete absent from this discussion. This paper makes a contribution to the globalisation of the arts, but from a sociological and quantitative perspective. The focus of this paper is on particular type of global institution – biennials and other types of art festivals or large-scale exhibitions. These institutions are seen being major places of exchange and formulation of norms and standards. They define what is hip and new. However, theories of globalisation, in combination with accounts from professionals of the field, claim that these institutions propagate only Western values or have a homogenising quality, because they only show caste works from artists of the Western hemisphere or that they repeat the same works and artists across the globe. However, based on a large-scale quantitative survey, this paper will demonstrate that picture is more complex and that we find tendencies to homogenisation and heterogenisation existing at the same time or that the locality of these events acts as a source of uniqueness and innovativeness. The paper proposes a new theoretical framework that interprets these findings as based on Niklas Luhmann’s idea of second-order observation and Bruno Latour’s and Harrison C. White’s conception of the network.
Natürliche Theologie: Ein Plädoyer für eine neue Definition und Bedeutungserweiterung
Authors: McGrath Alister
Published: August 2017

Natürliche Theologie ist bis heute sowohl auf dem Gebiet der Systematischen Theologie als auch der Religionsphilosophie eines der interessantesten Themengebiete. Dieser Aufsatz erläutert, wie wichtig es ist, die Bedeutung von Natürlicher Theologie zu überdenken. Allgemein wird von einem Verständnis ausgegangen, das den Beweis der Rationalität des christlichen Glaubens im Allgemeinen oder ein plausibles Argument für die Existenz Gottes im Besonderen bedeutet, ohne sich dabei auf religiöse Annahmen zu berufen oder diese vorauszusetzen. Durch eine genealogische Analyse zeigt dieser Aufsatz, dass der Begriff „Natürliche Theologie“ in der christlichen Tradition an einigen Stellen in einer deutlich unterschiedlichen Bedeutung verwendet worden ist, und dass der in der Gegenwart vorherrschende Sinn die kulturellen und intellektuellen Belange des siebzehnten und frühen achtzehnten Jahrhunderts widerspiegelt. Sechs einzelne (wenn auch verwandte) Verständnisweisen der Natürlichen Theologie werden herausgearbeitet, von der jedoch keine als selbstverständlich richtig oder als normatives Verständnis des Konzepts verstanden werden kann. Abschließend wird festgehalten, welche positiven Folgen es haben könnte, wenn ein breiteres oder tieferes Verständnis der Natürlichen Theologie akzeptiert werden würde.
Natürliche Theologie und Offenbarung
Authors: Nonnenmacher Burkhard
Published: August 2017

Was ist Natürliche Theologie und in welchem Verhältnis steht sie zur Offenbarung?
Gegebenheit, Präsenz, Ereignis – Kategorien einer phänomenologischen Gotteslehre
Authors: Beuttler Ulrich
Published: August 2017

Die neuere französische Phänomenologie hat erhebliches theologisches Potential, das im Gespräch mit J. L. Marion und J. Derrida erkundet wird. Ihre Grundkategorien Gegebenheit, Präsenz und Ereignis verweisen darauf, dass alles, was ist, gegeben oder Gabe ist. Andererseits verweigert die Gabe den Rückschluss auf den Geber, so dass eine radikale, nachmetaphysische Theologie der Offenbarung folgt. Gottes An-Abwesenheit wird qualifiziert als unmögliche Möglichkeit, als atopische Präsenz.
Real Relation and the Saturated Phenomenon (Part One)
Authors: Knight Taylor
Published: August 2017

In this article, I argue that Jean-Luc Marion’s concept of the saturated phenomenon offers a new way of thinking the relation between God and the human person. I show that the saturated phenomenon allows us to construct the relation between incommensurable terms (God and the human being) without requiring a similitude to mediate the relation. This essay will be published in two parts. In Part One of this essay (here below), I ground my argument in Thomas Aquinas’s doctrine of relation, and, through Pascal, link Marion’s understanding of “infinite distance” to Aquinas’s understanding of relation. As a consequence of this analysis, in Part Two I will develop a new concept of relation.
The problem of evil and the grammar of God
Authors: Koistinen Timo
Published: August 2017

In the contemporary Anglo-American philosophy of religion the problem of evil is one of the most widely discussed questions. In the context of these discussions, many prominent philosophers of religion have tried to offer a plausible – or, at least, a possible – explanation why an omnipotent and perfectly good being allows evil in the world and is also morally justified in doing that. There are also philosophers and theologians who think that this way of thinking is seriously misguided. In my paper I will deal with some ethical, theological/metaphysical and meta-philosophical arguments that have been offered against conceptual frameworks used in the discussion of theodicy. In particular, I will pay attention to affinities and differences between the ways D. Z. Phillips and Brian Davies have criticized contemporary forms of theodicy. I will also analyse the relation between their thought by taking up the question of the nature and aim of philosophy of religion.
Die Theologie der Pfingstbewegung: Beiträge und Herausforderungen an die christliche Dogmatik
Authors: Vondey Wolfgang
Published: August 2017

Eine Integration der pfingstlerischen Theologie in die heutige christliche Dogmatik eröffnet sich auf Grundlage einer Unterscheidung von Pfingsttheologie, pfingstlicher Theologie und pfingstlerischer Theologie. Der Artikel findet die Bestandteile dieser Unterscheidung in der Spiritualität Pfingstens, der Erfahrung des heiligen Geistes, dem pfingstlerischen Evangelium, den pfingstlerischen Affekten, der Materialität der Pfingstbewegung, und der Verleiblichung des Pfingstereignisses. Zusammengefasst als pfingstkirchliche Theologie formen diese Elemente das theologische Symbol „Pfingsten“ im Herzen der Pfingstbewegung und stellen somit die wesentliche Herausforderung an die heutige christliche Dogmatik dar.
Choosing Whether to Comply with a General Duty or with a Specification Standard
Authors: Calcott Paul
Published: August 2017

Regulated firms sometimes have a choice about whether to discharge a general duty or to comply with specification standards. This paper formalizes rationales for giving firms such a choice, but also points out drawbacks. One rationale is that choice can make compliance less onerous and hence more attractive. A second rationale is that the more socially efficient form of compliance can vary among firms. Whether this approach actually would be conducive to social efficiency depends on a range of factors, including the proportion of firms that would otherwise comply, the inflexibility that specification standards impose on firms, and on how strictly general duties would be interpreted.
Transaction Utility and Quality Choice
Authors: Sajeesh Sajeesh , Song Sang-Young
Published: August 2017

This paper uses a game-theoretic model to examine the role of reference price for firms that vary in their quality positioning in competing for customers. Reference prices provide consumers with additional components of utility. Building on previous research on the impact of consumer decision making on firm strategies, we focus on how firms choose their positioning when consumer utility is driven not only by acquisition utility but also by the transaction utility associated with the purchase and how this, in turn, affects firms’ pricing decisions and profits. Considering a competition between two firms, this paper shows that the firm with higher product quality provides greater discounts to consumers. We also show that when firms are allowed to set a high ‘regular’ price, product differentiation is greater between the firms, and price competition is less intense. Furthermore, under some conditions, the profits of both firms can be higher than the benchmark case (when the effects of transaction utility are ignored).
Expounding knowledge through explanations: Generic types and rhetorical-relational patterns
Authors: Matthiessen Christian M. I. M. , Pun Jack
Published: August 2017

In this paper, we focus on contexts where the primary activity is toexpound knowledgeabout general classes of phenomena, either by categorizing and characterizing them or by explaining them based on some theory, ranging from a commonsense folk theory to an uncommonsense scientific theory. Texts produced in such contexts include science lectures, research articles, and entries in encyclopedias. We focus onexplanations, considering them across strata in terms of context, semantics, and lexicogrammar, and summarizing contributions from different research strands. Against this background, we report on a study of the registers used in secondary school chemistry textbooks in Hong Kong. We begin by summarizing a framework for classifying the contexts in which texts operate – a framework designed to allow us to differentiate different kinds of text according to the contexts they operate in. Then, we focus on one type of context – that of expounding knowledge about general classes of phenomena. Next, we identify different strategies of expounding knowledge, contrasting explanations and categorizations, and then discuss explanations in more detail. Finally, we move to the question of how these contextual types are realized semantically as texts organized as rhetorical complexes, drawing on secondary school textbooks in chemistry in particular.