bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A BRAVE NEW FRONTIER IN THE DICHOTOMOUS INDONESIAN LABOUR LAW: GIG ECONOMY, PLATFORM PARADOX AND WORKERS WITHOUT EMPLOYERS
Authors: Tan David
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Historical records have admitted the labour law as a curative mechanism for the disparity of bargaining power in the labour market, with contemporary theories concentrating on essential rights protection and fixing inefficiencies. The emergence of the gig economy brings turmoil despite their beneficial nature. The methodology in this study utilises a normative juridical method. The study reveals that the gig economy is not a new phenomenon, but within the context of precarious work. Recommendations were put forward as the justified necessity for a new personalised labour regulation in Indonesia based on the two general principles of statutory efficiency.
 
Intisari
Catatan sejarah telah mengakui hukum ketenagakerjaan sebagai suatu mekanisme kuratif untuk mengatasi masalah disparitas daya tawar di bursa tenaga kerja dengan teori kontemporer saat ini yang berkonsentrasi pada perlindungan hak-hak esensial serta memperbaiki inefisiensi. Munculnya gig economy membawa gejolak hukum meskipun sejatinya tetap bersifat sangat benefisial. Metodologi dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif. Studi ini mengungkapkan bahwa gig economy bukanlah fenomena baru, melainkan masih tergolong ke dalam konteks pekerjaan tidak tetap. Rekomendasi juga diajukan sebagai suatu kebutuhan yang dijustifikasi untuk memperbarui peraturan ketenagakerjaan yang lebih dipersonalisasi di Indonesia berdasarkan dua prinsip umum efisiensi hukum.
Analisis Yuridis Terkini Terhadap Tugas Common Law And Fidusia Direktur di Inggris, Amerika, Kanada Dan Indonesia
Authors: Rissy Yafet Yosafet Wilben
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This article discusses the role of the Supreme Court in defending the principle of the supremacy of the constitution. This article argues that the Supreme Court has inherent judicial authority to defend the supremacy of the constitution over legislation even the Constitution itself does not confer the authority explicitly. The supremacy of the constitution is a fundamental constitutional principle that binds all public authorities of the State. As part of the public authorities, the Supreme Court has a duty to disregard unconstitutional legislation. To do this the Supreme Court has judicial discretion to set aside legislation whenever he assumes that the legislation in question is contrary to the Constitution before it can be applied in a concrete case. Unlike the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court does not have authority to invalidate unconstitutional legislation. The Supreme Court may assess the constitutionality of legislation in the sense of weak-form judicial review. Whereas the Constitutional Court’s authority to review the constitutionality of legislation is a strong-form judicial review. The two models of judicial review should work together because Indonesia adopts the supremacy of the constitution principle, instead of the supremacy of the Constitutional Court.
 
Intisari
Artikel ini mendiskusikan peran Mahkamah Agung dalam mempertahankan asas supremasi konstitusi. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa Mahkamah Agung memiliki kewenangan yudisial inheren dalam mempertahankan supremasi konstitusi terhadap undang-undang meskipun Konstitusi sendiri tidak memberikan kewenangan eksplisit. Supremasi konstitusi adalah asas konstitusional fundamental yang mengikat seluruh badan pemerintah. Sebagai bagian dari badan pemerintah, Mahkamah Agung memiliki diskresi yudisial untuk mengesampingkan undang-undang manakala dia beranggapan bahwa undang-undang tersebut bertentangan dengan konstitusi sebelum menerapkannya ke dalam kasus konkret. Tidak seperti Mahkamah Konstitusi, Mahkamah Agung tidak memiliki kewenangan untuk menyatakan undang-undang tidak memiliki kekuatan mengikat. Mahkamah Agung dapat menilai konstitusionalitas undang-undang dalam pengertian weak-form judicial review. Sementara kewenangan Mahkamah Konstitusi untuk menguji konstitusionalitas undang-undang adalah strong-form judicial review. Kedua model pengujian yudisial tersebut seyogianya berjalan bersama karena Indonesia mengadopsi asas supremasi konstitusi, ketimbang supremasi Mahkamah Konstitusi.
PROTEKSI TERSELUBUNG UNI EROPA TERKAIT PENGENAAN BEA MASUK ANTI-DUMPING BIODIESEL INDONESIA
Authors: Pane Andi Rio
Published: June 2024

Abstract
International free markets often create conflicts between countries as a result of their competition. As occurred in 2013, Europe Union (EU) issued an Anti-Dumping Import Duty policy on biodiesel products from Indonesia. Indonesia took legal action against EU policy by filing a lawsuit against EU to the World Trade Organization (WTO) through its special agency, the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB). With this lawsuit, Indonesia won the dispute and forced EU to revoke the policy. This study finds that the failure of EU to show its accusations, stating that Indonesia is conducting dumping, is a piece of clear evidence that EU is carrying out covert protection of its domestic market. This research is normative legal research that examines in detail library materials such as books, scientific journals, laws, provisions in the 1947 GATT, and other information related to this research. This study argues that EU policy aims to isolate and exclude palm oil from the renewable energy sector for the benefit of other, less competitive vegetable oils produced in EU member countries.
Abstrak
Pasar bebas internasional tidak jarang menciptakan konflik antar negara sebagai akibat dari persaingan mereka. Seperti yang terjadi pada 2013 lalu saat Uni Eropa mengeluarkan kebijakan Bea Masuk Anti-Dumping atas produk biodiesel dari Indonesia. Terhadap tindakan Uni Eropa ini, Indonesia mengambil langkah hukum dengan mengajukan gugatan kepada World Trade Organization (WTO) melalui badan khusus yang bernama Dispute Settlement Body (DSB). Indonesia akhirnya berhasil memenangkan sengketa dan memaksa Uni Eropa untuk mencabut kebijakan tersebut. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kegagalan Uni Eropa membuktikan tuduhannya yang menyatakan Indonesia melakukan dumping adalah bukti nyata bahwa mereka sedang melakukan proteksi terhadap pasar domestiknya secara terselubung. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian normatif yang mengkaji secara detail bahan-bahan kepustakaan seperti buku, jurnal ilmiah, undang-undang, ketentuan dalam GATT 1947 dan informasi lainnya yang dianggap berkaitan dengan penelitian ini. Penelitian ini berpendapat bahwa kebijakan Uni Eropa tersebut pada hakikatnya bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengecualikan minyak sawit dari sektor energi terbarukan untuk kepentingan minyak nabati lain yang kurang kompetitif yang diproduksi di negara-negara anggota Uni Eropa.
KONVENSI PUTUSAN PENGADILAN ASING DEN HAAG 2019: PERSPEKTIF HUKUM PERDATA INTERNASIONAL INDONESIA
Authors: Dinda Rizqiyatul Himmah
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The issue of recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments is one of the scopes of Private International Law. On 2 July 2019, the Hague Conference on Private International Law (HCCH), as an inter-governmental organization facilitating cross-border cooperation in civil or commercial matters, has concluded the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Civil or Commercial Matters (Judgments Convention). This Convention aims to facilitate cross-border recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments within member states. This research aiming to examine the perspective of Indonesian Private International Law towards the Convention as well as the possibility for Indonesia to ratify the Convention. The conducted research shows that there is yet urgency for Indonesia to ratify the Judgments Convention at the moment.
Abstrak
Isu hukum mengenai pengakuan dan pelaksanaan putusan pengadilan asing merupakan salah satu ruang lingkup utama dalam Hukum Perdata Internasional. Pada 2 Juli 2019, the Hague Conference on Private International Law (HCCH), sebagai organisasi antar pemerintah yang mendukung kerja sama lintas batas negara dalam ranah perdata dan komersial, telah mencapai konklusi atas Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Civil or Commercial Matters (Judgments Convention). Konvensi ini ditujukan untuk memfasilitasi pengakuan dan pelaksanaan putusan pengadilan asing di antara para negara anggota dari Konvensi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji lebih dalam mengenai perspektif Hukum Perdata Internasional Indonesia terhadap Konvensi yang mengatur mengenai pengakuan dan pelaksanaan putusan pengadilan asing, serta kemungkinan Indonesia untuk meratifikasi Konvensi tersebut. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa saat ini belum terdapat urgensi bagi Indonesia untuk meratifikasi Judgments Convention.
IMPLEMENTASI HILIRISASI MINERAL DAN BATU BARA DALAM RANGKA MEWUJUDKAN KEDAULATAN ENERGI DAN DAYA SAING INDUSTRI NASIONAL
Authors: Rio Fafen Ciptaswara  , Sulistiowati
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This research is aimed at identifying the obstacles of coal and mineral downstreaming implementation in Indonesia, as well as policy formulations that could be drawn up so that the implementation of downstreaming can realize energy sovereignty and increase the competitiveness of the national industry. The research method is sociological juridical research by analyzing the gap between the law (Das Sollen) and the implementation that being carried out in the field (Das Sein), and analyzed by using comparative descriptive with a qualitative approach, where the collected data comes from related regulations regarding mineral and coal resources management as well as the obligation to implement mineral and coal downstreaming in Indonesia, as well as regulations and policies for the management of mineral and coal resources in other countries that have characteristics related to Indonesia. The results of the study reveal that the obstacles of coal and mineral downstreaming implementation are resulted from the potential occurrence of resource curse; the existence political intervention; inconsistencies of policies to achieve energy sovereignty, and synergy challenge on national mining industry and manufacture industry. In order to formulate the downstreaming policy, it shall address and encourage the development of an Integrated Mineral and Coal Based Industry as well as the strengthening of the role of SOEs in the implementation of mineral and coal downstreaming.
 
Abstrak
Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengidenfikasi hambatan yang timbul dalam pelaksanaan hilirisasi atas mineral dan batu bara di Indonesia, serta formulasi kebijakan yang dapat disusun agar pelaksanaan hilirisasi dapat mewujudkan kedaulatan energi dan peningkatan daya saing industri nasional. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian yuridis sosiologis dengan melihat kesenjangan antara hukum yang dikehendaki (das sollen) dengan implementasi yang terlaksana di lapangan (das sein), serta dilakukan analisa secara deskriptif komparatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif, dimana data yang dikumpulkan bersumber dari peraturan-peraturan terkait dengan pengelolaan sumber daya mineral dan batu bara serta kewajiban pelaksanaan hilirisasi mineral dan batu bara di Indonesia, serta peraturan dan kebijakan pengelolaan sumber daya mineral dan batu bara di negara lain yang memiliki karakteristik yang terkait dengan Indonesia. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa hambatan pelaksanaan hilirisasi mineral dan batu bara di Indonesia diantaranya berasal dari adanya potensi timbulnya resource curse; adanya political intervention; serta inkonsistensi kebijakan dalam pencapaian kedaulatan energi dan tidak sinerginya industri pertambangan dengan industri manufaktur nasional. Dalam menyusun formulasi kebijakan yang disusun, haruslah mendorong adanya pembangunan Integrated Mineral and Coal Based Industry serta adanya penguatan peran BUMN dalam pelaksanaan hilirasi mineral dan batu bara.
UU P2SK DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP MODEL PENGAWASAN OJK: TWIN PEAKS SEBUAH ALTERNATIF
Authors: Agus Riyanto  , Budi Santoso  , Paramita Paraningtyas  , Rafsi Azzam Hibatullah Albar
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The supervisory journey in the financial sector in Indonesia, which has been going on for approximately 12 years since the emergence of the Financial Services Authority (OJK) has uncovered serious problems. Various problems in the financial sector from banks, insurance, pension funds, capital markets, and so on made the OJK the institution most frequently reported to the Indonesian Ombudsman. The change in model from integration to twin peaks is deemed relevant to adapt to global developments and also the national situation in the future. Therefore, it is hoped that the presence of the P2SK Law can carry out these reforms to strengthen the optimal regulatory and supervisory role of the OJK. Seeing the success of several countries in implementing twin peaks can be used as a consideration to initiate changes to the P2SK Law so as not to allow problems in various sectors to continue to pile up and not be resolved properly and ultimately consumers become victims of the weaknesses in creating good financial institutions.
Abstrak
Perjalanan pengawasan di sektor keuangan di Indonesia yang telah berlangsung kurang lebih 12 tahun sejak kemunculan Lembaga Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) menemukan persoalan yang serius. Berbagai persoalan di sektor keuangan dari bank, asuransi, dana pensiun, pasar modal, dan lain sebagainya menjadikan OJK sebagai Lembaga yang paling sering dilaporkan di Ombudsman RI. Perubahan model dari integrasi ke twin peaks dirasa relevan untuk menyesuaikan dengan perkembangan global dan juga situasi nasional kedepannya. Oleh karena itu kehadiran UU P2SK diharapkan bisa melakukan reformasi tersebut untuk memperkuat peran regulasi dan pengawasan yang optimal dari OJK. Melihat keberhasilan beberapa negara dalam menerapkan twin peaks dapat dijadikan pertimbangan untuk memulai perubahan pada UU P2SK agar tidak membiarkan persoalan di berbagai sektor terus menumpuk dan tidak terselesaikan dengan baik dan akhirnya konsumen menjadi korban dari kelemahan penciptaan kelembagaan keuangan yang baik.
BELEIDSREGEL SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN PERLINDUNGAN WARGA NEGARA DALAM UPAYA PELESTARIAN SATWA
Authors: Susila Wibawa Kadek Cahya , Shania Prilla Davanti  , F.C. Susila Adiyanta
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Consequences of the stipulation of Permenlhk No. 20 of 2018 is the shift in the classification of some animals that were not protected before to become protected. Beleidsregel is a logical consequence of the usage of discretion in the government administration in a welfare state. The realization of public welfare as the main goal of a welfare state can be accomplished by recognizing discretion. Beleidsregel is needed if there is any urgent problem that requires immediate solution, including the efforts of animals conservation that intersect the interest of citizens who exploit protected animals that are unprotected before. Beleidsregel issued by agencies within the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, namely the Circular Letter of the General Director of Natural Resources and Ecosystem Conservation and the Announcements of the Central Java Natural Resources Conservation Agency, has provided legal certainty regarding the transition required in the classification change of unprotected animals into protected animals. The Circular Letter has instructed the Natural Resources Conservation Agencies to collect data and tag the protected animals, while the Announcements has provided informations regarding provisions of protected animals data collection during the COVID-19 pandemic to reduce the transmission of COVID-19.
 
Abstrak
Konsekuensi penetapan Permenlhk No. 20/2018 adalah beralihnya penggolongan beberapa satwa yang semula tidak dilindungi menjadi dilindungi. Beleidsregel adalah konsekuensi logis penggunaan asas diskresi dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan di negara kesejahteraan. Perwujudan kesejahteraan umum yang menjadi tujuan utama negara kesejahteraan dapat terakomodir dengan adanya pengakuan asas diskresi. Beleidsregel dibutuhkan apabila terjadi persoalan yang mendesak di masyarakat dan membutuhkan penyelesaian yang segera, termasuk dalam upaya pelestarian satwa yang bersinggungan dengan kepentingan warga negara pemanfaat satwa yang semula tidak dilindungi menjadi dilindungi. Beleidsregel yang dikeluarkan oleh instansi yang berada di lingkup Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan, yaitu SE Dirjen Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam dan Ekosistemnya serta Pengumuman Balai Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Jawa Tengah, telah memberikan kepastian hukum dengan perihal peralihan yang dibutuhkan dalam perubahan penggolongan satwa menjadi satwa yang dilindungi. SE telah menginstruksikan kepada Balai/Balai Besar Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam untuk melakukan pendataan dan penandaan satwa, sedangkan Pengumuman telah memberikan informasi perihal ketentuan pendataan satwa di masa pandemi COVID-19 untuk mengurangi penyebaran COVID-19.
Validation of Patient-Reported Outcome Measure in Pediatric CKD (PRO-Kid)
Authors: Matsuda-Abedini Mina , Zappitelli Michael , Widger Kimberley , Rapoport Adam , Dionne Janis M , Chanchlani Rahul , Samuel Susan , Davison Sara N. , Bei Ke Fan , Wai Lai Veronica Ka , Dufault Brenden , Dart Allison B.
Published: June 2024

Key Points

PRO-Kid is a patient-reported outcome measure of the frequency and burden of symptoms.

Higher PRO-Kid scores are associated with lower Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory scores.

Background

Measuring the burden of symptoms that matter most to children and adolescents with CKD is essential for optimizing patient-centered care. We developed a novel CKD-specific patient-reported outcome measure (PRO-Kid) to assess both frequency and impact of symptoms in children. In this study, we further assessed the validity and internal consistency of PRO-Kid.

Methods

In this multicenter study, children age 8–18 years with stages 3–5 CKD, including those on dialysis, were recruited from five pediatric centers. Children completed the 14-item PRO-Kid questionnaire and the validated Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL 4.0). We explored the dimensionality of the PRO-kid scale using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, to either establish that it is a unidimensional construct or identify evidence of subfactors. We then assessed internal consistency (Cronbach alpha) and construct validity (Pearson correlations).

Results

In total, 100 children were included. The median eGFR was 27.4 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (7.43–63.4), and 26 children (26%) were on dialysis. Both the PRO-Kid frequency and the impact scales were unidimensional. Cronbach alpha was high for both the PRO-Kid frequency and impact scales, 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78 to 0.88) and 0.84 (95% CI, 0.80 to 0.89), respectively, showing strong internal consistency. Pearson correlations between PRO-Kid and PedsQL scores were also strong: −0.78 (95% CI, −0.85 to −0.70) for the frequency score and −0.69 (95% CI, −0.78 to −0.56) for the impact score, reflecting the association between poorer quality of life and higher symptom burden.

Conclusions

PRO-Kid is a novel patient-reported symptom burden tool for children age 8–18 years with CKD that correlates strongly in the expected direction with PedsQL, supporting its validity. Future work will evaluate changes in PRO-Kid score with progression of CKD and implementation of the tool into clinical care.
The Party Building and the Integration of Agriculture and Tourism Help the Rural Revitalization of Ganzi Prefecture—Take Shawan Village of Liba Town as an Example
Authors: Ma Hairui , Xue Zhengting
Published: June 2024

Rural revitalization is an important task to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and the implementation of rural revitalization strategy is the general starting point of the work of “three rural areas” in the new era. To explore the party building guidance and the integration of agriculture and tourism under the vision of rural revitalization can promote the realization of rural revitalization. In the process of investigation, it is found that there are some problems such as unreasonable organizational structure and low degree of integration of party building and agriculture and tourism in Ganzi Prefecture. In order to solve these practical dilemmas and realize the rural revitalization, it adds “thickness” to the rural revitalization of Ganzi Prefecture by strengthening the organizational capacity hub continuously. It is deeply integrated with the “global park”, extends the “breadth” and deeply integrates with the “natural ecology” for the rural revitalization of Ganzi Prefecture, increases the “brightness” for the rural revitalization of Ganzi Prefecture, and takes the road of rural revitalization well.
Double Freezing Beef Strip Loin Steaks at Blast or Consumer Freezing Temperatures in Vacuum and Overwrapped Packaging
Authors: Eckhardt Megan E. , Lawrence Ty E. , Tennant Travis C. , Lucherk Loni W.
Published: June 2024

Our objective was to evaluate the combined effect of blast freezing vacuum packaged USDA Low Choice Longissimus lumborum beef steaks followed by consumer freezing of retail overwrapped steaks upon objective and subjective measures of beef palatability. The experimental design utilized a randomized complete block with a 3 × 3 treatment structure of targeted freezing treatments initially in vacuum and secondly in overwrap packaging (unfrozen = NOT; blast frozen at −34.4°C = BF; consumer-frozen at −17.8°C = CF) to accomplish 9 treatment combinations. Descriptive sensory attributes were evaluated by trained panelists on a 100-point line scale. Slice shear force and expressible moisture were assessed. Data were analyzed via PROC GLIMMIX using a randomized complete block design with a 3 × 3 treatment structure. Of descriptive panel attributes, overall juiciness was the only interaction observed (P = 0.006). Though similar to steaks initially CF in the vacuum package and followed by a second freeze (CF/BF or CF/CF) in the overwrap package, steaks singly frozen to simulate a CF (CF/NOT and NOT/CF) resulted in the overall driest ratings by panelists (P = 0.006). Only bloody/serumy differed (P = 0.002) within the initial freeze, where steaks not frozen (NOT) in the vacuum package were rated higher than those that were frozen (BF or CF). During the second freeze in the overwrap package after retail display, steaks BF rated higher for oxidized (P = 0.051) off-flavor than steaks CF and higher than both CF and NOT steaks for refrigerator-stale (P = 0.006) off-flavor; all other attributes did not differ (P ≥ 0.155). Although some freezing combinations that included CF were generally lower for overall juiciness, BF vacuum packaged steaks had no effect on palatability when compared to NOT steaks. The beef industry and consumers should feel confident using freezing as a means to extend shelf-life of beef steaks.
Hot Carcass Fabrication Intervention for Managing Top Round Quality in Heavy Weight Beef Carcasses
Authors: Guo Yufei , Epperson Brooklyn , Heimbuch Mikayla , Jepsen Sierra , Shaw Claire , Wottoon Meagan , Van Buren Jessie , Nasados James A. , Piaskowski Julia , Bass Phillip D. , Colle Michael J.
Published: June 2024

Chilling-related meat quality issues have been observed in the deep portion of the top round due to the increase of average beef carcass size. The current study examines the impact of an alternative fabrication method aimed at alleviating top round quality in heavy weight beef carcasses (n = 11; 510 kg average weight). Prior to rigor, the knuckle subprimal was partially fabricated to expose the femur on alternating sides of each carcass (TRT), and each adjacent intact side served as a control (CON). All sides were air chilled (2°C) for 48 h before further fabricating. Temperature loggers placed at approximately 2.54 cm below the top round surface was the superficial (SP) location while loggers for the deep (DP) location were inserted at the midline sagittal center of the round until in contact with the femur bone. Temperature and pH decline were monitored for 48 h. The top rounds were collected, aged under vacuum packaging until 14 d postmortem, and then cut into steaks (2.54 cm). Each steak was separated into SP and DP portions and subjected to Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), consumer sensory panel, and a 3-d retail display analysis which included lipid oxidation and objective color evaluation. The TRT accelerated the rate of temperature decline at the DP location (P < 0.001) and increased the pH decline rate at the SP location (P = 0.029). Retail day and location were more impactful than TRT on objective color traits. SP steaks were more tender (P = 0.001) than DP steaks. Consumer taste panel indicated TRT improved overall acceptability (P = 0.042) and flavor (P = 0.035) of top round steaks regardless of locations. TRT accelerated top round DP chilling rate and elevated steak palatability attributes. Findings of the present study report an improvement of top round steaks due to the innovative fabrication treatment.
El enfoque de competencias en la educación
Authors: Díaz Barriga Ángel
Published: June 2024

Un elemento que caracteriza y distingue a las reformas educativas es el de la “innovación”, tema que si bien significa un reto, su ejecución, la mayoría de las veces, va acompañada de una compulsividad que impide su consolidación y revisión conceptual. En este ensayo se parte de un cuestionamiento base: ¿realmente el enfoque de competencias representa una innovación, o sólo una apariencia de cambio? La idea es llegar a una articulación conceptual del término que permita caracterizar los elementos que definen a las competencias en educación y, desde un sentido más pedagógico, ubicar su posible aplicación en el campo curricular.
Systematic Study of Prompt Engineering
Authors: Rathod Jay Dinesh
Published: June 2024

Abstract: Now a days Generative Artificial Intelligence is the buzz in the field of technology and science it is the implementation of the Artificial intelligence to generate different types of contents with the help of its models and ease the human life to a extend. Prompt Engineering is one of the arts of crafting instructions to guide large language models (LLMs), and has emerged as a critical technique in natural language processing (NLP). This systematic study delves into the intricacies of prompt engineering, exploring its techniques, evaluation methods, and applications. The study categorizes prompt engineering techniques into instruction-based, information-based, reformulation, and metaphorical prompts. It emphasizes the importance of evaluating prompt effectiveness using metrics like accuracy, fluency, and relevance. Additionally, the study investigates factors influencing prompt effectiveness, including prompt length, complexity, specificity, phrasing, vocabulary choice, framing, and context. The study highlights the impact of prompt engineering in enhancing LLM performance for NLP tasks like machine translation, question answering, summarization, and text generation. It underscores the role of prompt engineering in developing domainspecific LLM applications, enabling knowledge extraction, creative content generation, and addressing domain-specific challenges. The study concludes by addressing ethical considerations in prompt engineering, emphasizing the need to mitigate bias and discrimination while ensuring transparency
Bloom Anderson's Taxonomy-Based Cognitive Level Analysis of Grade 10 Interactive Mathematics Book Questions
Authors: Samsudi Moh , Gafrillia Annisa Lathifa , Hazarika Anurag
Published: June 2024

This research examines the distribution of cognitive abilities within the interactive mathematics textbook designed for 10th-grade students. The study recognizes the significance of mathematics education in nurturing students' cognitive skills. However, it also acknowledges the presence of ineffective methods that impede students' grasp of concepts and their capacity to solve problems. Employing a qualitative research approach, the study identifies and resolves questions in the interactive mathematics book. It explains each cognitive skill used to solve these questions and categorizes these skills according to Bloom's taxonomy. The findings reveal an uneven allocation of cognitive skills in both chapters. Questions falling under the application category (C3) are predominant, while those demanding higher-order thinking, such as creation (C6), are limited in number. This lack of diversity and balance underscores the necessity for incorporating a broader array of questions spanning various cognitive levels. The interactive mathematics book for 10th-grade students enhances comprehension and reinforces core principles. Nevertheless, it necessitates refinement in cognitive skill distribution, especially by including more questions that require advanced thinking. Rectifying this disparity would empower the book to foster students' critical thinking and problem-solving skills.
THE INFLUENCE OF FINANCIAL KNOWLEDGE, FINANCIAL SELF-EFFICACY AND LOCUS OF CONTROL ON ISLAMIC FINANCIAL BEHAVIOR IN GENERATION IN DKI JAKARTA
Authors: Pahlevi Muhammad Reza , Gusniarti Gusniarti
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Financial Knowledge, Financial Self-Efficacy, dan Locus of Control baik secara parsial maupun secara simultan terhadap Islamic Financial Behavior pada Generasi Z di DKI Jakarta. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan pendekatan kausalitas. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengambilan sampel adalah purpossive sampling. Hasil uji parsial menunjukkan bahwa variabel financial knowledge berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap islamic financial behavior, financial self-efficacy berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap islamic financial behavior, dan locus of control berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap islamic financial behavior. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa financial knowledge, financial self-efficacy, dan locus of control secara simultan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap islamic financial behavior.
Schrödinger as a Quantum Programmer: Estimating Entanglement via Steering
Authors: Philip Aby , Rethinasamy Soorya , Russo Vincent , Wilde Mark M.
Published: June 2024

Quantifying entanglement is an important task by which the resourcefulness of a quantum state can be measured. Here, we develop a quantum algorithm that tests for and quantifies the separability of a general bipartite state by using the quantum steering effect, the latter initially discovered by Schrödinger. Our separability test consists of a distributed quantum computation involving two parties: a computationally limited client, who prepares a purification of the state of interest, and a computationally unbounded server, who tries to steer the reduced systems to a probabilistic ensemble of pure product states. To design a practical algorithm, we replace the role of the server with a combination of parameterized unitary circuits and classical optimization techniques to perform the necessary computation. The result is a variational quantum steering algorithm (VQSA), a modified separability test that is implementable on quantum computers that are available today. We then simulate our VQSA on noisy quantum simulators and find favorable convergence properties on the examples tested. We also develop semidefinite programs, executable on classical computers, that benchmark the results obtained from our VQSA. Thus, our findings provide a meaningful connection between steering, entanglement, quantum algorithms, and quantum computational complexity theory. They also demonstrate the value of a parameterized mid-circuit measurement in a VQSA.
Origin of rules of law choice: the primitive era
Authors: Get’man-Pavlova Irina V.
Published: June 2024

The article explores the concept that the first relations falling under the subject of private international law originated in the primitive period. These relations include exogamy and incest taboos, the institution of hospitality and exchange agreements. Exogamy and incest taboos are fundamental relationships that emerged parallel to the development of society and law, forming he cornerstone of these constructs. These represent the earliest interactions involving “foreign persons” and are characterized by personal non-property character. Hospitality ties are linked to exogamy while exchange relationships follow subsequently. Intergroup agreements serve as primary mechanism for regulating these relations and lay the groundwork for the inception of the initial choice-of-law rules. The conflicts are not interstate but rather intergroup (intercommunal), similar to contemporary interpersonal or interlocal disputes. The author applies a number of methods such as comparative analysis, reconstruction, formal-logical, dialectical, natural science and historical analysis in this research. In conclusion, the author asserts that three key institutions emerged in the pre-state era, forming the foundation of modern PIL: exogamy (cross-border marrital and family relations), hospitality (foreigners’ law), and exchange (international contract law). During this period the first conflict resolution rules also emerged. The principle method for addressing conflict issues in primitive societies is the unified substantive approach through intergroup agreements. Additionally, archaic law incorporated conflicting principles like personal law and the law of the place where the action occurred. These conclusions are drawn through a reconstructive approach and are supported by archeology, genetics, anthropology, as well as domestic and foreign scholarly research on legal genesis.
Social and legal regulators. Conceptual developments by V.I. Nizhechek
Authors: Vlasenko Nikolai A.
Published: June 2024

The role of the Soviet scientist-activist V.I. Nizhechek in the development and establishment of social regulation concepts, and its importance in governing societal affairs, as well as functions and potential of law, and its relationship with morality as a social regulator are thoroughtly explored. V.I. Nizhechek posits that legal and social regulations share a common nature, are deeply interconnected, and exhibit numerous practical manifestations of unity. While aknowledging the independent nature of law, the scientist concludes that legal norms essentially form a component of social regulation in society. Notably, the author emphasizes moral regulation, and the interplay between legal norms and morality, while examining various social regulators such as corporate norms, ethincs, religion, and others. V.I. Nizhechek does not differential between morality ad ethics; however, he asserts that morality holds a dominant role in the system of social regulation, highlighting the so-called “proximity” of morality and law. Morever, the author draws relevant parallels that substantiate the systematic nature of social regulation. V.I. Nizhechek delves into the crucial question of the theory of law as a tool of legal regulation in historical and contemporary contexts. He considers the evolution of legal regulation in terms of broadening its scope and reinforcing its role in Soviet society, unlimately concluding that legal regulation has become more complex. The concept of the intimate connection between economic and legal methods of regulation is presented; the author asserts that there may be no contradiction between these methods of regulation since all economic methods are mediated by legal norms. The material is prefaced by the author's personal recollections of meetings and conversations with V.I. Nizhechek, as well as with scholars, colleagues, who were associated with him.
Ecological culture of Russian citizens: constitutional consolidation and regulatory support of its formation practice
Authors: Kodaneva Svetlana I.
Published: June 2024

The increasing concern over environmental degradation, ecological deterioration and climate change underscores the imperative for the active state environmental policy. An essential aspect of such a policy is formation of environmental culture among Russian citizens, as reflected in the amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation adopted in 2020. The relevance of this article is underscored by the necessity to develop holistic approaches for the formation of legal mechanisms to implement paragraph e.6. of Article 114 of the Constitution effectively, as the current focus of environmental culture formation is predominantly limited to school education and upbringing. The study aims to delineate the contents of environmental culture and devise comprehensive recommendations to enhance the normative and regulatory framework to foster this culture not only among children, but also within the adult population of the country. The research methodology encompasses the sociological and legal methods, interdisciplinary analysis of Russian and foreign scientific literature, generalization, systematization, analogy, as well as the method of legal modelling. The study has identified three elements of environmental culture, each necessitating distinct approaches for its legal regulation. Furthermore, the author has formulated specific proposals for amending the legislation of the Russian Federation to actualize the constitutional provision concerning the cultivation of environmental culture of the country's population.
Destinos turísticos inteligentes: uma análise da governança turística de Búzios
Authors: Cid Bárcia Liana , Falcão de Oliveira Carlyle Tadeu , Almeida Gouveia Tânia
Published: June 2024

Na década de 1990, surgiu o termosmart city, ou cidade inteligente, com o significado atrelado aodesenvolvimento urbano. A partir desse termo, foi desenvolvido o conceito de destinos turísticosinteligentes, que são capazes de trazer mais inovação, competitividade, melhoria da qualidade devida e da experiência turística em um território. Para que esses benefícios aconteçam, é necessárioque o local receba investimentos principalmente nas áreas de sustentabilidade e tecnologia dainformação e comunicação. Além disso, empresas, moradores e a governança local devem estarengajados no processo de transformação de um destino em inteligente, conforme critérios decertificação definidos pelo Ministério do Turismo. Em 2011, a concessionária de energia Ampla/Enel iniciou o projeto Cidade Inteligente Búzios, voltado para melhorias na rede elétrica. Em 2016,o projeto foi encerrado sem que seu propósito tenha sido alcançado, entre outros fatores, pelafalta de envolvimento dos atores locais e mudanças na governança do município. A partir dessecontexto, esta pesquisa buscou identificar como a governança do turismo pode favorecer queum destino turístico se torne inteligente. Além do levantamento bibliográfico, foi feita pesquisaem documentos sobre o Projeto Cidade Inteligente Búzios, em atas das reuniões do ConselhoMunicipal de Turismo de Búzios e em seu regimento interno, bem como entrevistas com atoresrelacionados a esse Conselho.
Stakeholder management and organizational form of arable farms: a comparison of paddy farm corporations in Japan
Authors: Yagi Hironori , Tanaka Katsuya , Fujii Yoshitaka , Inoue Norikazu
Published: June 2024

As agricultural operations are increasingly industrialized, the role of stakeholders (SHs) becomes critical to the sustainability of the farming business. Arable farms are particularly expanding their geographical scales and socioeconomic impacts on the surrounding community, which gives particular importance to stakeholder management in relation to internal and external parties. Although the majority of arable farming comprises family farms, they have been on the decline because of succession problems, while non-family farms have been increasing. Success or failure of SHM is closely related to organizational forms because the form represents primal SHs. However, little research has examined the impact of SHM on performance in arable farming. This paper empirically investigates how SHM in various organizational forms is associated with the corporate performance of Japanese paddy farms. A questionnaire survey of Japanese paddy farm corporations was conducted in 2014, and 217 questionnaires from 63 family, 64 joint-stock, and 90 community farms were used in our estimates. Our estimation examines the following hypotheses: (i) SHM is associated with the corporate performance of paddy farms, and (ii) effective SHM varies depending on the organizational forms. The results suggest that, first, effective SHM is linked to organizational forms. In other words, the choice of form can offset the impact of SHs. Second, excessive emphasis on listening to opinions from the surrounding community may harm their performance, particularly at joint-stock farms, which expand in scale. Third, at family farms, attracting younger employees is crucial for running the business. Last, harmonious relations with the community are most important at community farms compared with other types of farms.
Entrepreneurial growth: Bridging experiential learning, ecological systems analysis and governance of entrepreneurship center environments
Authors: Mpofu Raphael Tabani
Published: June 2024

This paper delves into the intricate interplay of leadership dynamics, governance, and regulatory concepts within a South African university-based entrepreneurship center (EC). Guided by Kolb’s (2014) experiential learning model (Kolb, 2014), the research aims to understand how experiential learning shapes leadership and the “self” within the EC, unraveling the nuanced relationship between leadership, personal mastery, governance, and regulatory compliance. The methodology integrates experiential insights, literature reviews, and systems analysis. Key findings highlight the implicit integration of governance and regulatory concepts, ensuring ethical standards adherence. Senge’s (2006) fifth discipline model emphasizes the pivotal role of a learning culture, while concepts of governance structure learning processes and ensure compliance. Personal mastery aligns with governance, emphasizing leaders’ responsibility for ethical standards and continuous self-improvement. Short’s (1998) insights on learning in relationships and Kaner’s (2014) facilitation guide contribute to the governance of participatory decision-making processes within the EC. The methodology contributes to a conceptual framework exploring the reciprocal influence between leadership and the “self”. The study concludes by offering actionable strategies for EC leaders, emphasizing adaptability, collaboration, and a profound understanding of leadership dynamics, governance, and regulatory concepts. Its relevance lies in guiding EC leaders toward sustained growth in the ever-evolving entrepreneurship ecosystem.
Evaluation of soil microbial activity after application of Paenibacillus polymyxa-based biofertilizer in wheat field experiment
Authors:   Agricultural University-Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Dimitrova Katya
Published: June 2024

The establishment of eco-friendly principles in agriculture requires, from one side, a reduced dependence on chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides, and on the other, a maintenance of consistent yield and high plant productivity. Such substantial shift in the contemporary agricultural practices can be achieved only if a wide variety of alternative options is available. Furthermore, in order to become part of agricultural practices these options have to be affordable in a broad scale and effective against the loss of biodiversity and reduced soil fertility. The current study presents data about the metabolic activity and microbial community` structure in two soil samples – one treated with chemical fertilizer and another treated with chemical fertilizer reduced by 25% dose and supplemented with commercially available biofertilizer. Metabolic activity and properties of microbial soil communities were assessed by the BIOLOG® EcoPlate technique. The estimated parameters included average well-color development (AWCD) and utilisation of six guilds of substrates. Several functional indexes that are used for evaluation of community diversity and evenness were also estimated. The AWCD, expressed either as total activity or as guilds utilisation during the EcoPlate incubation period of seven days did not reveal significant difference between variants. However, most of the estimated functional indexes consistently indicated higher microbial diversity and more balanced structure of microbial community in the biofertilizer-supplemented variant. The results clearly implied that the biofertilizer based on nitrogen-fixing bacteria can positively influence the structure of soil communities and its application could be beneficial for soil fertility and plant productivity. Keywords: diazotroph, biofertilizer, BIOLOG® EcoPlate, functional indexes, metabolic activity, microbial communities
In vitro study of Trichoderma isolates – potential antagonists of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and other soil pathogens causing root and stem rots on pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors:   Maritsa Vegetable Crops Research Institute (MVCRI) – Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Karadzhova Nataliya
Published: June 2024

White mold Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is a potentially serious disease of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) grown in unheated greenhouses. Control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is difficult due to lack of Capsicum spp. resistance towards this pathogen. Currently, among the registered fungicides there is none that can combat this pepper disease. The isolation and selection of local strains of antagonistic microbes is part of the strategy to combat pathogens by means of alternative methods. In vitro studies have been carried out on soil isolates of Trichoderma spp. regarding their antagonistic activity on the pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. All isolates were found to have a higher ability to compete with the phytopathogen for the food substrate. The competitive ability coefficient of Trichoderma spp. isolates varies widely – from 1.2 to 11. Among them, an isolate with pronounced antagonistic activity and a competitive ability coefficient of 10.8 stands out. The isolated fungus was identified as Trichoderma viride based on the cultural and morphological characteristics. The isolated strain was found to have high in vitro antagonistic activity not only against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum but also against various pathogens causing root and stem rot of pepper such as Botrytis cinerea, Verticillium dahliae and Rhizoctonia solani. The results of the current study showed that Trichoderma viride (Trv) has the potential to be used for production of biopreparation intended to control Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and other soil-borne pathogens in greenhouses. Keywords: antagonistic fungi, in vitro screening, antifungal activity, biological control, white mold, Capsicum annuum
Implementation of MOHID-Land model for simulating soil water dynamics for tomato crop
Authors:   Institute of Mechanics, Sofia, Bulgaria, Philipova Nina ,   Climate, Atmosphere, Water Research Institute, Sofia, Bulgaria., Shopova Nadejda ,   Climate, Atmosphere, Water Research Institute, Sofia, Bulgaria, Kercheva Milena ,   Institute of Soil Science, Agrotechnologies and Plant Protection “N. Pushkarov”, Sofia, Bulgaria, Chilikova-Lubomirova Mila ,   Institute of Mechanics, Sofia, Bulgaria
Published: June 2024

The agriculture sector on the whole planet has been subjected to abrupt climate changes, sudden floods and continuous drought. The nutrition of the planet is indangered taking into account the rate of population growth combating with water resources scarcity on some places. There is a need of developing water efficient technologies and improving their management. The MOHID-Land model has been developed in 2018 and simulates the full soil-water-plant-atmosphere transfer system and can help the improvement of agricultural water management. The current paper discussed the simulation of the soil water dynamics of drip-irrigated tomatoes cultivated in the Experimental field of the Agricultural University – Plovdiv, Bulgaria. The data by the simulations has been compared with experimental data obtained at three soil depths. Keywords: MOHID-Land Model, 3D numerical simulations, soil water dynamics, field experiments