bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
URGENSI PENGUATAN PERAN PENUNTUT UMUM DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA INDONESIA
Authors: Achmad Farid , , Supanto
Published: February 2022

Abstract

The aim of this study is to know the urgency and the effort of strengthening the role of public prosecutor in criminal justice system in Indonesia. This study is a normative/doctrinal study using legislation approach and conceptual approach. The problem of this study is the reduction of the meaning and the function of Dominus Litis principle of public prosecutor by the effectuation of Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana. The result of this study is the effort of strengthening the role of public prosecutor in criminal justice system in Indonesia; by maximizing the function of additonal investigation institution as been regulated in article 27 section (1) point d UU no. 5 1991 and is maintained in UU No. 16 2004 [article 30 section (1) point e]. Besides, the improvement of law subtance is needed by adding the regulation about the active role of public prosecutor in doing investigation in criminal procedure law (KUHAP).

Keywords: criminal justice system, investigator, public prosecutor, strengthening.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui urgensi penguatan peran penuntut umum dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Indonesia dan untuk mengetahui bagaimana upaya penguatan peran penuntut umum dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian normatif/doktrinal yang menggunakan metode pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Permasalahan dari penelitian ini adalah di reduksinya makna dan fungsi dari asas Dominus Litis dari penuntut umum dengan berlakunya Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah upaya-upaya penguatan peran penuntut umum dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Indonesia berupa memaksimalkan fungsi lembaga pemeriksaan tambahan sebagaimana diatur dalam pasal 27 ayat (1) huruf d UU no. 5 tahun 1991 dan tetap dipertahankan dalam UU no.16 tahun 2004 pasal 30 ayat (1) huruf e. Selain itu, diperlukan penyempurnaan subtansi hukum dengan cara memasukkan ketentuan tentang peran aktif penuntut umum dalam tindakn penyidikan di dalam hukum acara pidana (KUHAP).

Kata kunci : Sistem Peradilan, Penyidik, Penuntut umum, Penguatan.
IMPLEMENTASI PERATURAN PEMERINTAH NOMOR 18 TAHUN 2016 TENTANG PERANGKAT DAERAH TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS KINERJA PEGAWAI SEKRETARIAT DAERAH DEWAN PERWAKILAN RAKYAT DAERAH (DPRD) DI KABUPATEN NGAWI
Authors: , Suprianto , Riwanto Agus , Firdaus Sunny Ummul
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article aims to analyze the implementation of government regulation No. 18 of 2016 on the regional apparatus against the effectiveness of the performance of employees in the local secretariat of the regional parliament (DPRD) in the district Ngawi. The research is research law that is evaluative with the empirical approach and sociological approach.The theory used for the analysis in this research is the theory of Lawrence M. Friedman with its three legal structures, from the analysis it is known that the performance of the employees in the local secretariat environment The ngawi district representative board is quite good but needs many new innovations and improvements in some aspects, in both the legal aspect in the legal structure
theory of friedman found that only in the aspect of the element of law culture which is not appropriate to the implementation of Government Regulation No. 18 of 2016 on the Regional Devices in Ngawi District is less able to improve the effectiveness of the performance of the Secretariat staff of Ngawi Regency DPRD. The competence of employees who moved from the merger of other agencies and agencies in accordance with Government Regulation No. 18 of 2016 is not in accordance with the needs of the Secretariat of Ngawi Regency DPRD, while in the other two aspects are appropriate.
Keywords: implementation of government regulation; effectiveness; law culture.

Abstrak
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi peraturan pemerintah Nomor 18 tahun 2016 tentang perangkat daerah terhadap efektivitas kinerja pegawai di lingkungan sekretariat daerah dewan perwakilan rakyat daerah (DPRD) di kabupaten ngawi. Berdasarkan bentuknya penelitian ini termasuk dalam evaluatif, yaitu “suatu bentuk penelitian yang dimaksudkan untuk menilai suatu program kerja. Teori yang dipakai untuk analisis dalam penelitian ini adalah teori dari Lawrence M. Friedman dengan tiga struktur hukumnya, dari analisis diketahui bahwa kinerja para pegawai di lingkungan sekretariat daerah Dewan perwakilan daerah kabupaten ngawi cukup baik namun perlu banyak inovasi baru dan peningkatan dibeberapa aspek, di kedua aspek hukum dalam teori struktur hukum dari friedman didapatkan bahwa hanya dalam aspek dari unsur kultur hukum saja yang tidak sesuai implementasi Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 18 Tahun 2016 tentang Perangkat Daerah di Kabupaten Ngawi kurang mampu meningkatkan efektivitas kinerja pegawai Sekretariat DPRD Kabupaten Ngawi. Kompetensi pegawai yang pindah dari adanya penggabungan Dinas dan Badan lain sesuai dengan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 18 Tahun 2016
tidak sesuai dengan kebutuhan Sekretariat DPRD Kabupaten Ngawi, sementara dalam kedua aspek lainnya sesuai.
Kata kunci: implementasi peraturan pemerintah; efektivitas; kultur hukum.
PROBLEMATIKA UNDANG-UNDANG NO 35 TAHUN 2009 TENTANG NARKOTIKA DALAM HAL PENERAPAN REHABILITASI BAGI PENYALAH GUNA NARKOBA
Authors: Kusumasari Ardya Rahma
Published: February 2022

Proses penegakan hukum pidana di Indonesia sangat unik, multidimensi serta destruktif, dilihat proses penegakan hukum khusunya dalam penyelesaian kasus pidana pecandu naroba, dimana dalam prosesnya banyak terjadi penyimpangan dari aturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku, sehingga seseorang yang tidak bersalah dengan kesalahan penjatuhan hukuman akan dinyatakan bersalah. Seiring perkembangan zaman, negara Indoneisa segera membenahi dan meningkatkan pembangunan dengan tujuan untuk mencapai kemakmuran masyarakat Indonesia adil berdasarkan pancasila dan undang-undang dasar negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 (UUD 1945) pembangunan tersebut dibidang hukum. Permasalahan dalam penulisan ini adalah Bagaimana penyimpangan pasal UU Narkotika dalam hal penerapan rehabilitasi ? dan Bagiamana permasalahan kasus yang terjadi akibat adanya penerapan pasal dalam UU Narkotika ?. Metode yang digunakan yaitu menggunakan metode penelitian normatif. Hasil penelitian dalam penerapan pasal UU Narkotika banyak terjadi penyimpangan hal ini akan berdampak pada penyalah guna maupun pecandu narkotika yang kehilangan hak rehabilitasinya.
PERBANDINGAN SISTEM JAMINAN KESEHATAN UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE (UHC) DI-INDONESIA DAN KUBA
Authors: Sobeang Detayu
Published: February 2022

 

 

Cakupan kesehatan semesta (UHC) telah tercapai jika seluruh penduduk memiliki akses terhadap layanan kesehatan yang komprehensip dan bermutu tanpa terkendala oleh biaya. Kuba walaupun merupakan negara yang berpenghasilan rendah namun memiliki dan merupakan salah satu negara dengan cakupan UHC terbaik di dunia dengan layanan kesehatan gratis kepada rakyatnya (100%). Indonesia sendiri saat ini cakupan kepesertaan Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) telah mencapai 82 persen.

Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui sistem kesehatan yang di terapkan negara Kuba dan melihat penerapan atau upaya UHC antara Kuba dan Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang di gunakan adalah literatur review atau kajian kepustakaan di mana penulis mencari data melalui jurnal, buku dan berita-berita yang di muat media. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Negara kuba lebih mengedepankan Primery Health Care (PHC) dalam upaya meningkatkan layanan kesehatan, meningkatkan jumlah Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) Kesehatan dengan telah mencapai rasio 1:150 untuk jumlah dokter dan penduduk yang dilayani. Sedangkan Indonesia rasionya adalah 1:2500 untuk jumlah dokter dan penduduk yang dilayani. Masih banyak tantangan yang dihadapi oleh Indonesia dalam rangka mewujudkan UHC, antara lain kelengkapan sarana prasarana di fasilitas kesehatan, ketersediaan obat dan alat kesehatan, pemerataan distribusi SDM Kesehatan, pemanfaatan data dan sistem informasi, kecukupan anggaran, kenaikan iuran serta regulasi-regulasi yang mendorong perbaikan penyelenggaraan Program JKN.

Kesimpulan: Kuba telah mampu memberikan jaminan kesehatan secara universal dalam kondisi finansial yang masih minim. Kuba sebagai negara berkembang memiliki sistem jaminan kesehatan terbaik dari seluruh negara berkembang lainya bahkan lebih baik dari negara maju. Berangkat dari hal tersebut dapat menjadi refleksi dari sistem jaminan kesehatan di Indonesia untuk mengadakan perbaikan dan tidak ragu dalam penambahan anggaran Kesehatan.

 
PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA MAFIA TANAH DALAM TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI
Authors: Prayitno Bambang
Published: February 2022

Hak menguasai negara harus dilihat dalam konteks hak dan kewajiban negara sebagai pemilik (domein), yang bersifat publiekrechtelijk, bukan sebagai eigenaar yang bersifat privaterechtelijk. Modus yang dilakukan oleh mafia tanah sangat beragam hingga melibatkan pejabat dan aparat penegak hukum. Bentuk pertanggungjawaban pidana bagi mafia tanah ialah penyertaan sebagaimana Pasal 55 ayat (1) KUHP bukan pemufakatan jahat sebagaimana pasal 15 Undang-undang Tindak Pidana Korupsi.
The Efficacy of Mycosorb in Broiler Diets Contaminated with Low Doses of Aflatoxin B1
Authors: Nalle Catootjie Lusje , Supit Max Arthur Julian , Bere Ignasius Juncen Riu , Hawu Roni
Published: February 2022

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of Mycosorb in broiler diets containing a low level of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). A total of 200 male broiler chicks (Lohmann) were randomly distributed into 20 pens (10 birds/pen). The experimental design used was a 2 x 2 factorial completely randomized design with two main factors which were the AFB1 levels (non-detectable level; 2.58 ppb) and mycotoxin binder (MB) (0 and 0.15% Mycosorb), respectively. The treatments were control diet (P1), control diet + MB (P2), 2.58 ppb AFB1 diet (P3), and 2.58 ppb AFB1 diet + MB (P3). The AFB1 diets were formulated by replacing the whole proportion of fresh corn with moldy corn containing 4.22 ppb AFB1. The results showed that except for the digestibility coefficient of crude fat (DCCF), AL x MB interaction was not significant (P>0.05) for the growth performance and DCCP. The AFB1 levels (AL) improved (P<0.001) feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and reduced the DCCF of broilers. The AFB1 levels enhanced the body weight gain (BWG) of growing broilers, but it did not augmented (P>0.05) the BWG of starter broilers. The digestibility coefficient of crude protein was not influenced (P>0.05) by the AFB1 levels. DCCF of broilers who received AFB1 diets were lower (P<0.05) than that of the control diet. Mycosorb did not affect (P>0.05) all variables measured. In conclusion, 1) except for DCCF, AFB1 levels x MB interaction did not improve growth performance and DCCP;  2) the AFB1 level of 2.58 ppb in the diets increased FI and BWG of broilers, but reduced the feed efficiency and DCCF; and 3) Mycosorb did not improve all variables measured.
Phenotype Diversity and Gene Myostatin (MSTN) of Bangkok Chicken using PCR-RFLP
Authors: Mardiah Triana , Depison Depison , Ediyanto Helmi
Published: February 2022

This study aims to characterize the phenotype and determine the diversity of the Myostatin (MSTN) gene at Bangkok chickens using the Polymerase Chain Reaction- Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. This study used 50 Bangkok chicken blood samples taken from the axillary vein on the wing. DNA was extracted using the protocol Genomic DNA Purification Kit from Promega and then amplified by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) using a pair of primers F: 5'GGT TTT GAC GAC ATG AGC CT3' R: 5'CAG GTG GAA TGT CAT GCA GA3' with product length 955 bp. Amplification products were cut using restriction enzyme MboI with cutting site ↓GATC. MSTN|MboI fragments of the Bangkok chicken were electrophoresed using 2% agarose gel and visualized using doc gel. The average difference test (T-test) on body weight and weight gain of Bangkok chickens from DOC to 3 months by gender. Polymorphism analysis includes allele frequency and genotype. Male and female Bangkok chickens have low phenotype diversity. The MSTN|MboI gene fragment is monomorphic with band positions of 492 bp, 244 bp, and 219 bp resulting in a genotype of ++, and there is one type of allele with a + allele frequency of 100%.
QUANTITATIVE VARIABILITY OF BURROW PERCENTAGE ESTIMATED FROM 2D VIEWS: EXAMPLE FROM THALASSINOIDES-BEARING STRATA, CENTRAL SAUDI ARABIA
Authors: ELTOM HASSAN ABDALLA , ALQUBALEE ABDULLAH MOHAMMED
Published: February 2022

This study examines computed tomography (CT) scans of a 15.24-cm diameter and 17.1-cm length core cut from Thalassinoides-bearing strata (Hanifa Formation, central Saudi Arabia) to explore the quantitative variability in burrow percentage when estimated using 2D views. A cropped quadrangular prism of this core allowed 202 2D slices in two vertical orientations and 165 horizontal 2D slices. Thalassinoides volume represents 20.0% (burrow percentage) of the total volume within this cropped quadrangular prism. The estimated burrow percentage by the 2D vertical slices varies from 11.8% to 30.3% with a mean value of 19.9% ± 3.3% and 19.6% ± 3.9%, and coefficients of variation of 17% and 20%, for the two vertical orientations. A wider range and slightly more variability are found when estimated burrow percentage using the horizontal slices (burrow percentage range from 6.1% to 33.1% with a mean value of 19.8% ± 6.5% and coefficient of variation of 33.1%). However, analysis of variance results indicated no statistically significant difference between the distribution of the burrow percentage among vertical and horizontal slices. A test of how randomly selected slices of the CT scan would represent the burrow percentage indicated that even five randomly selected slices could retain a mean comparable to the actual burrow percentage of the CT scan. Based on these results, we suggested a statistical way to quantify the uncertainty associated with estimating the burrow percentage from 2D views, an important step toward a complete understanding of variability in burrow percentage (and bioturbation intensity) when estimated from 2D views.
Alkali/Polymer Flooding of High-TAN Oil: Live Oil and Dead Oil Evaluation
Authors: Hincapie Rafael E. , Borovina Ante , Clemens Torsten , Hoffmann Eugen , Wegner Jonas
Published: February 2022

Alkali/polymer (AP) flooding of high-TAN oil is a promising enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method. Phase tests reveal that the generated emulsions are thermodynamically unstable macroemulsions rather than Winsor-type emulsions as observed in alkali/surfactant (AS) systems. We investigated the effect of gas on the phase behavior and displacement efficiency of AS systems. The reason is that the impact of gas in solution on the displacement efficiency in alkali projects is significant, neglecting the gas effects underestimates the incremental recovery factor by >15%.

Experiments and analysis were performed to investigate the effects of alkali injection into a live and dead high-TAN oil. Viscosity measurements using a capillary rheometer and oscillating u-tube were done to ensure the same viscosity of the dead oil (adding cyclohexane) to live oil. Alkali phase behavior scans were used to determine the amount of emulsions formed initially and over time. The structure and characteristics of the emulsions were investigated using a high-resolution microscope. Micromodel experiments (dead oil only) were performed to elucidate the displacement efficiency effects on pore scale, while flooding experiments showed the displacement efficiency on core scale.

Phase experiments showed that initially, a substantial amount of emulsions is formed. The volume of the emulsion is changing over time reaching zero for the live and dead oil. The microscope pictures show that in the initial stage, a “middle phase” macroemulsion is present. With time, the middle phase disappears supporting the results of thermodynamically unstable emulsions seen in the phase experiments. Micromodels show that oil is mobilized by AP injection on a local scale by elongating ganglia and reducing the size of trapped oil and only a limited amount of macroemulsions is formed at the oil/alkali/water interface. The increased oil recovery is thus an effect of the local capillary number and mobilization of ganglia. Here, no stable three-phase system consisting of oil/microemulsion/water as in AS system is generated. Live oil AP corefloods lead to recovery factors of 95% compared with 74% for dead oil. The gas in solution improves the local pore scale sweep efficiency and needs to be included in the evaluation of AP flooding to ensure that incremental oil production is not underestimated for high TAN number oils. The main findings are as follows:

Phase experiments of alkali with dead and live high TAN oil show that initially a large amount of emulsions is generated. However, these emulsions are thermodynamically unstable macroemulsions. Micromodel investigations show that the local pore scale displacement efficiency is improved by injecting AP solutions. Gas in solution is substantially improving the local displacement efficiency and needs to be included to correctly determine incremental oil production from AP flooding.
Rheology and Injectivity Studies on Scleroglucan Biopolymer for Carbonates under Harsh Conditions
Authors: Elhossary Deena , AlAmeri Waleed , Al-Shalabi Emad W.
Published: February 2022

Polymer flooding is a mature chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technology with more than 40 years of laboratory- and field-scale applications. Nevertheless, polymers exhibit poor performance in carbonates owing to their complex nature of mixed-to-oil wettability, high temperature, high salinity, and heterogeneity with low permeability. The main objective of this study is to experimentally evaluate the performance of a potential biopolymer (scleroglucan) in carbonates under harsh conditions of high temperature and high salinity. This experimental investigation includes polymer rheological studies as well as polymer injectivity tests. Rheological studies were performed on the biopolymer samples to measure the polymer viscosity as a function of concentration, shear rate, salinity, and temperature. Injectivity characteristics of this biopolymer were also examined through single-phase corefloods using high permeability carbonate outcrops. The injectivity tests consisted of two stages of water preflush and polymer injection. These tests were conducted using high salinity formation water [167,000 ppm total dissolved solids (TDS)] and seawater (43,000 ppm TDS) at both room (25°C) and high temperature (90°C) conditions.

The rheological tests showed that the biopolymer has a high viscosifying power, and it exhibits a shear-thinning behavior that is more prevalent at higher polymer concentrations. Also, a pronounced effect was observed for water salinity on both polymer filterability and injectivity. Moreover, the biopolymer exhibited better filterability at the high temperature as opposed to the room temperature. From the injectivity tests, the shear-thinning behavior of this biopolymer in the porous media was confirmed as the resistance factor (RF) decreased with increasing the flow rate applied. The potential biopolymer showed good injectivity at both the room and the high temperatures. A limited number of studies have evaluated the rheological and injectivity performance of this newly developed EOR grade scleroglucan biopolymer in carbonates under harsh conditions of high salinity and high temperature. Most of the previous studies were performed in sandstones under relatively mild salinity and temperature conditions. Hence, this study provides further insight into the performance of this biopolymer and encourages application in carbonates under harsh salinity and temperature conditions.
The Whistleblower's Dilemma: An Evolutionary Game Analysis of Early Warning System for Public Health Emergency
Authors: Cao Feng , Zhang Ling , Wu Yihan
Published: February 2022

The outbreak of a disease is presenting a serious challenge to China’s current public health emergency management system. Despite of China’s emergency preparedness is showing a good overall progress, gaps remain in the implementation of effective early warning system. In this context, a tripartite evolutionary game model composed of the local government, the whistleblower, and the public is formulated. By using MATLAB, the dynamic evolution path of the game model is stimulated under different conditions. The stable strategies for early warning system for public health emergency are also explored. The results indicate that the cost of whistleblowing, the cost of response, and the benefit of attention significantly influence strategic decisions among three parties. This study highlights the importance of the whistleblowing in managing public health emergency. Yet our findings provide theoretical support for policy recommendations for promoting the public health emergency preparedness.
Lipid-Coated Hybrid Nanoparticles for Enhanced Bacterial Biofilm Penetration and Antibiofilm Efficacy
Authors: Lee Hiang Wee , Kharel Sharad , Loo Say Chye Joachim
Published: February 2022

Background: The biofilm way of life is a common strategy for bacteria to adapt and gain tolerance towards antibiotic treatments. Up to 80% of all infections are biofilm-mediated and they are often challenging to treat as the underlying bacterial cells can become 100 – 1000-fold more tolerant towards antibiotics. Antibiotic-loaded nanoparticles have gained traction as a potential drug delivery system to treat biofilm infections. Specifically, lipid-coated hybrid nanoparticles (LCHNPs) were investigated on their capability to deliver antibiotics into biofilms. In this study, LCHNPs composed of a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) core and dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane (DOTAP) lipid shell were developed and loaded with vancomycin (Van). In vitro antibacterial and antibiofilm tests were performed to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of the LCHNPs.Results: LCHNPs were successfully fabricated with high vancomycin encapsulation efficiency of 48.66% and loading efficiency of 72.99 µg/mg. DOTAP was determined to be successfully coated on the PLGA core by measuring the ζ-potential of the nanoparticles. LCHNPs had a positive ζ-potential of +36.13 mV which contrasted significantly from the ζ-potential of -36.83 mV of bare PLGA nanoparticles (PLGANPs). LCHNPs exhibited enhanced antibacterial effects against planktonic Staphylococcus aureus USA300 cells, with at least 6-fold reduction in minimum inhibitory concentration when compared against Free-Van and Van-PLGANPs. When used to treat USA300 biofilms, Van-LCHNPs eradicated up to 99.99% of the underlying biofilm cells, an effect which was not observed for Free-Van and Van-PLGANPs. Finally, we showed that by possessing a robust DOTAP shell, LCHNPs were able to penetrate deeply into the biofilms. Conclusion: LCHNPs were shown to display remarkable antimicrobial efficacy towards both planktonic and biofilm cells as the presence of the lipid shell enhanced the interactions with bacterial cells and penetration into biofilms. More work could be done to understand nanoparticle-biofilm interactions; this would help to optimize the LCHNPs further to treat biofilm infections successfully.
The Moral Injury, PTSD, and Suicidal Behaviors in Health Professionals 1 Year After the COVID-19 Pandemic Peak in China
Authors: Ma Wanrui , Koenig Harold G , Wen Jing , Liu Jun , Shi Xiuquan , Wang Zhizhong
Published: February 2022

Background
Moral injury among healthcare workers received considerable attention in China during the COVID-19 pandemic as a predictor of poor mental health outcomes. This study explored the relationship between moral injury, PTSD, and suicidal behaviors approximately 1 year after the pandemic peaked in this country.
Methods
An online survey was conducted from March 27 to April 26, 2021, across mainland China. A total of 3,465 health professionals completed the Chinese version of the Moral Injury Symptoms Scale-Health Professional (MISS-HP), Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), and PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL‐5). Unconditional logistic regression modeling was used to examine the association between these variables.
Results
The prevalence of PTSD and suicidal behavior among health professionals were 26.9% and 24.2%, respectively. The MISS-HP was positively correlated with PCL-5 (r = 0.43) and SBQ-R (r = 0.24) scores. Logistic regression revealed that MI was associated with a higher likelihood of PTSD (OR = 3.52, 95% CI: 3.01–4.13) and of suicidal behaviors (OR = 2.13, 95% CI:1.81–2.50) after controlling for socio-demographical variables.
Conclusions
Moral injury symptoms were associated with a higher risk of PTSD and more suicidal behaviors among health professionals 1 year after the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings underscore the importance of identifying and treating the moral injury as one way to manage PTSD and suicidal behaviors among health professionals during the post-pandemic period.
Macroscale superlubricity enabled by rationally designed MoS2-based superlattice films
Authors: Ren Siming , Cui Mingjun , Martini Ashlie , Shi Yanbin , Wang Haixin , Pu Jibin , Li Qunyang , Wang Liping
Published: February 2022

Although superlubricity is highly desirable for many engineering applications, its implementation has so far been seriously restricted due to limitations in contact size, environmental adaptability and life time. By designing superlattice films with alternating molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and tungsten carbide (WC) layers, we show that long-term macroscale superlubricity (friction coefficient of 0.006) in low vacuum (~10-3 Pa) after a short running-in period in air. Such unusual behavior is enabled when the fine structure of the bilayer unit is rationally controlled to yield incommensurate contacts between MoS2 and metal oxides nanoparticles produced spontaneously during tribological sliding. Our analysis indicates that the WC phase is critical for superlubricity by helping stiffen the film, facilitate preferential growth of crystalline MoS2 along (002) plane parallel to substrate, and produce lubricous nanoparticles. We further demonstrate the superlattice design is generally applicable for MoS2/ceramics materials to achieve long life-time macroscale superlubricity with easy self-rejuvenation capability.
WITHDRAWN: LncRNA NHS-AS1 regulates osteo/odontogenic differentiation of stem cells from apical papilla via miR-5011-5p/SMAD7 axis
Authors: Yu Jiali , Yang Haibing , Yu Qiuyue , Wang Yan
Published: February 2022

Background: Elucidating the osteo/odontogenic differentiation mechanisms in human stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) is the key to promoting dentin regeneration. A growing number of studies have identified long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as key roles in osteogenesis. Nonetheless, their functions and mechanisms in osteo/odontogenic differentiation of SCAPs have yet to be clarified. Methods: We analyzed the expression profiles of lncRNAs between the osteo/odontogenic differentiation group and control group by lncRNAs microarray and found NHS-AS1 was a key factor during the osteo/odontogenic differentiation of SCAPs, as evidenced by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Explored the function of NHS-AS1 by transfecting NHS-AS1 overexpression plasmid vectors into SCAP cells. qRT-PCR, Western blot, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and alizarin red staining (ARS) were used to detect changes in osteo/odontogenesis-related indicators. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that NHS-AS1 could sponge miR-5011-5p and miR-5011-5p could target SMAD7, which were further affirmed by dual luciferase reporter assay. The role of miR-5011-5p and SMAD7 in the osteo/odontogenic differentiation of SCAP were also clarified by cell transfection techniques. We performed co-transfection experiments to confirm the involvement of miR-5011-5p and SMAD7 in NHS-AS1-mediated osteo/odontogenic differentiation of SCAP.Results: The expression of NHS-AS1 was down-regulated after osteo/odontogenesis of SCAP. Over-expression of NHS-AS1 significantly inhibited the osteo/odontogenesis of SCAPs. Dual luciferase reporter assay demonstrated NHS-AS1 could sponge miR-5011-5p. Further study showed that miR-5011-5p mimics promoted osteo/odontogenic differentiation of SCAPs and reversed NHS-AS1’s inhibitory impact on the process. Meanwhile, as the target gene of miR-5011-5p, SAMD7 depressed the osteo/odontogenic differentiation of SCAPs and could overcome the positive influence of miR-5011-5p mimics on the process. NHS-AS1 competitively sponged miR-5011-5p and alleviated the suppressive action of miR-5011-5p against SMAD7 expression, thereby significantly inhibiting the osteo/odontogenic differentiation of SCAPs. Conclusion: NHS-AS1 inhibits the osteo/odontogenic differentiation of SCAPs via miR-5011-5p/SMAD7 axis.
Impact of Dexamethasone and Inhaled Nitric Oxide on Severe Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Bobot Mickaël , Tonon David , Peres Noémie , Guervilly Christophe , Lefèvre Flora , Max Howard , Bommel Youri , Volff Maxime , Leone Marc , Lopez Alexandre , Simeone Pierre , Carvelli Julien , Hraiech Sami , Papazian Laurent , Velly Lionel , Bourenne Jérémy , Forel Jean-Marie
Published: February 2022

BackgroundKidney failure is the second most frequent condition after acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 and is strongly associated with mortality. The aim of this multicentric study was to assess the impact of the specific treatments of COVID-19 and ARDS on the risk of severe acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill COVID-19 patients.MethodsIn this cohort study, data from consecutive patients hospitalized in 6 ICUs for COVID-19 were retrospectively collected. The incidence and severity of AKI were monitored during the entire ICU stay. Patients older than 18 years admitted to the ICU for COVID-19-related ARDS requiring invasive mechanical ventilation were included.Results164 patients were included in the final analysis, 97 (59.1%) displayed AKI, of which 39 (23.8%) severe stage 3 AKI and 21 (12.8%) requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT). In univariate analysis, severe AKI was associated with Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) exposure (p=0.016), arterial hypertension (p=0.029), APACHE-II score (p=0.004) and mortality at D28 (p=0.008), D60 (p<0.001) and D90 (p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, the factors associated with the onset of stage 3 AKI were: exposure to ACEI (OR: 4.238 (1.307-13.736), p=0.016), APACHE II score (without age) (OR: 1.138 (1.044-1.241), p=0.003) and iNO (OR: 5.694 (1.953-16.606), p=0.001). Protective factors were prone positioning (OR: 0.234 (0.057-0.967), p=0.045) and dexamethasone (OR: 0.194 (0.053-0.713), p=0.014).ConclusionsDexamethasone was associated with a prevention of the risk of severe AKI and RRT, and iNO was associated with severe AKI and RRT in critically ill patients with COVID-19. iNO should be used with caution in COVID-19 related ARDS.
The iSEARCH Trials of oral Sildenafil in labour: Protocol for a randomised trial in 3,200 Australian women and Rationale for an Individual Participant Data Prospective Meta-Analysis of trials in 14,000 women in high-income countries and a mega-trial of 50,000 women in low or middle-income countries.
Authors: Kumar Sailesh , Tarnow-Mordi William , Mol Ben , Flenady Vicki , Liley Helen , Badawi Nadia , Colditz Paul , Walker Susan , Hyett Jonathan , Seidler Anna Lene , Callander Emily , Bora Samudragupta , O’Connell Rachel
Published: February 2022

IntroductionWe showed in a Phase 2 RCT that oral Sildenafil during term labour halves the need for operative birth for suspected fetal distress. To assess if Sildenafil reduces adverse perinatal outcomes, we describe a Phase 3 RCT (iSEARCH) and the rationale for an individual participant data prospective meta-analysis (IPD PMA) of RCTs in high-income countries and a mega-trial in low- and middle-income countries.Methods and analysisiSEARCH will enrol 3200 women in term labour, yielding >80% power to determine whether oral administration of up to three 50 mg doses of Sildenafil versus placebo reduces the relative risk of intrapartum hypoxia, determined as a primary composite endpoint of ten perinatal outcomes, by 35% (from 7% to 4.55%). We also outline the rationale for (i) an IPD PMA of RCTs in about 14,000 women in Australia and other countries with low perinatal mortality rates which would yield 90% power to test if oral Sildenafil achieves a more moderate and realistic reduction of 20% in the relative risk of this composite endpoint and (ii) a mega-trial in about 50,000 women in countries with moderate or high perinatal mortality rates to test if oral Sildenafil achieves a similarly moderate and realistic 20% reduction in the relative risk of a composite endpoint comprising intrapartum stillbirth or 7-day neonatal mortality. Secondary aims will be to evaluate the rate of operative birth for fetal distress, its cost-effectiveness, and developmental and educational outcomes.
Engaging More Women in Academic Innovation: Findings and Recommendations
Authors: Muir Jane , Aanstoos Megan , Barrett Tamsen , Campbell Almesha , Ghahramani Forough , Gottwald Jennifer , Leute Kirsten , Mercier Nichole , Shockro Jennifer
Published: February 2022

Diversity is a key driver of innovation and a critical component of success on a global scale. Countries that deploy strategies to foster greater inclusion of all inventors in the innovation lifecycle will ultimately be best positioned to maximize their gross domestic product and ensure
economic prosperity. The U.S. is losing ground because it is not fully engaging a significant portion of the inventive talent pool. According to a 2019 report from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, the share of women among all U.S. inventor-patentees is only 12.8%.
 In an effort
to understand factors that encouraged and discouraged academic women's participation in technology commercialization, a group of technology transfer professionals conducted a survey of academic women involved in innovation, invention and/or entrepreneurship. The 168 respondents were from public
and private research institutions of varying sizes from all regions of the U.S. This paper outlines the key findings from the qualitative and quantitative data around the themes that emerged. It also puts forth a set of recommendations based on the survey feedback, follow-up interviews, and
the collective experience of technology transfer professionals who work daily with academic innovators. It is our hope that these recommendations will provide valuable insights into concrete actions that can be taken to ensure systemic changes that foster greater engagement of academic women
and other under-represented populations in all stages of the innovation lifecycle.
Artificial Intelligence in Hematology
Authors: Luchinin Alexander Sergeevich
Published: February 2022

‘Artificial Intelligence’ is a general term to designate computer technologies for solving the problems that require implementation of human intelligence, for example, human voice or image recognition. Most artificial intelligence products with application in healthcare are associated with machine learning, i.e., a field of informatics and statistics dealing with the generation of predictive or descriptive models through data-based learning, rather than programming of strict rules. Machine learning has been widely used in pathomorphology, radiology, genomics, and electronic medical record data analysis. In line with the current trend, artificial intelligence technologies will most likely become increasingly integrated into health research and practice, including hematology. Thus, artificial intelligence and machine learning call for attention and understanding on the part of researchers and clinical physicians. The present review covers important terms and basic concepts of these technologies, as well as offers examples of their actual use in hematological research and practice.
Review About Using Limited Organic Wastes in Composting
Authors: Al-Eiadeh Hammam Riyad
Published: February 2022

This paper reviewed studies about the composting process of different types of organic wastes. These wastes can be produced from different sources such as kitchen waste, Municipal solid waste (MSW), human waste, animal waste, agricultural waste, sewage waste, and slaughterhouse waste. The improper management of these wastes can lead to many environmental problems. These wastes can be disposed be many methods, but the best method we can use to overcome these environmental problems is composting because its cheap, effective in organic wastes decomposition. Composting process can be used to degrade all kinds of organic wastes without any exception such as plants, vegetables, fruits, and others. The product (compost) has many uses such as soil conditioner, nutrients for crops, and can be used as contributor in environmental management. However, there are many factors that affect the quality and the efficiency of the compost, which are pH, temperature, moisture content and carbon nitrogen ratio (C:N ratio). By the way using different types of organic wastes means different types and concentrations of heavy metals and different concentrations of the main and the most common macro nutrients exist in fertilizers (N, P, K). The presence of heave metals gives an indication of the most suitable way that we can use to add compost to soil without any negative effect.
Competing topological orders in three dimensions
Authors: Mühlhauser M. , Schmidt Kai P. , Vidal Julien , Walther M. R.
Published: February 2022

We study the competition between two different topological orders in three dimensions by considering the X-cube model and the three-dimensional toric code. The corresponding Hamiltonian can be decomposed into two commuting parts, one of which displays a self-dual spectrum. To determine the phase diagram, we compute the high-order series expansions of the ground-state energy in all limiting cases. Apart from the topological order related to the toric code and the fractonic order related to the X-cube model, we found two new phases which are adiabatically connected to classical limits with nontrivial sub-extensive degeneracies. All phase transitions are found to be first order.
Iron Cobaltite (FeCo2O4) Nanocatalysts for Water-Oxidation: Effects of Annealing Temperature on Catalytic Properties
Authors: Magalhães River , Bargiela Pascal , da Rocha Maria da Graça , Gil Eric , de Souza Aparecido
Published: February 2022

The development of efficient, stable, and non-precious metal water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) is a matter of importance for sustainable energy research. In this work, iron cobaltite (FeCo2O4) nanoparticles were prepared by the coprecipitation method, and we present the effect of heat treatment (250, 350, 450, 650 and 900 °C) on the catalytic properties. Catalytic activity tests of FeCo2O4 nanocatalysts were performed in the presence of ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate (CAN), and the formation of oxygen was followed using a Clark-type oxygen electrode. The samples were characterized by infrared (IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and their surface areas were determined by the Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) method. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) data confirm a metal-oxygen bond at the octahedral and tetrahedral sites. XRDs data were characteristic of spinel-like cubic materials. The XPS results confirmed the presence of trivalent and divalent cobalt and iron ions in the samples and showed that the non-heated sample has a greater amount of cobalt on the nanoparticles’ surface than those heated to 900 °C. The surface area decreased from 92.00 m2 g-1 for the material that was unannealed to 2.00 m2 g-1 for the sample annealed at 900 °C. The unannealed nanomaterials showed an oxygen production of 790 mmol s−1 g−1. This was 790 times greater than the oxygen production from nanomaterials heated to 900 °C. Although the surface structure of nanomaterials is unclear, the amount of surface cobalt appears to have implications for catalytic activity. Optimization of superficial cobalt content may be key to improving catalytic activity.
Approximation by entire functions on a countable set of continua. The inverse theorem
Authors:   St. Petersburg Mining University, Silvanovich Olga V. , Shirokov Nikolay A. ,   St. Petersburg State University,   National Research University Higher School of Economics
Published: February 2022

The approximation theory contains many statements where the rate of approximation of a function by polynomials, rational functions and so on is measured with the help of a scale. The statements where some points on the relevant scale are associated with the smoothness of the approximated function are called direct theorems of the theory of approximation. The statements where the smoothness of the approximated function is derived from the points on the scale of approximation by polynomials, rational functions etc., are called inverse theorems of the theory of approximation. The class of functions is constructively discribed in terms of the rate of approximation by polynomials, rational functions etc., if the direct theorems correspond to the inverse theorems, i. e. the smoothness of the approximated function and the points on the scale of approximation have one-to-one correspondence for the class under consideration. The authors have stated earlier the direct theorem concerning approximation by entire functions of exponential type. We considered a set of functions defined on the countable set of mutually disjoint continua and found the rate of their approximation by those entire functions. The present paper contains the inverse theorem to the menthioned above direct one.
Machine learning and artificial intelligence in the works of V. A. Yakubovich
Authors:   Institute for Problems in Mechanical Engineering of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Fradkov Aleksandr L. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: February 2022

This note precedes the first part of the re-publication of the article by V. A. Yakubovich “Machines learning pattern recognition”, first published by the Leningrad University Publishing House in the collected works “Methods of Computation” in 1963.
Nonclassical vibrations of a monoclinic composite strip
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Ryabov Victor M. , Yartsev Boris A. ,   Krylov State Research Center
Published: February 2022

A mathematical model of damped flexural-torsional vibrations of monoclinic composite strip of constant length rectangular cross section is proposed. The model is based on the refined bending theory Timoshenko beams, the theory of generalized Voigt — Lekhnitskii torsion and the elastic-viscoelastic correspondence principle in the linear theory of viscoelasticity. A two-stage method for solving a coupled system of differential equations is developed. First, using the Laplace transform in spatial variable, real natural frequencies and natural forms are found. To determine the complex natural frequencies of the strip in found real values are used as their initial values of natural frequencies, and then the complex frequencies are calculated by the method iterations of the third order. An assessment of the reliability of the mathematical model and method of numerical solution, performed by comparing calculated and experimental values of natural frequencies and loss factors is given. The results of a numerical study of the effect angles of orientation of reinforcing fibers and lengths by the values of natural frequencies and loss factors for free-free and cantilever monoclinic stripes are discussed. It is shown that for the free-free strip the region of mutual transformation eigenmodes of coupled vibration modes arise for quasi-bending and quasi-twisting vibrations of either even or odd tones. In the console strip of the region of mutual transformation of eigenforms of coupled modes vibrations occur for both even and odd tones.
Equilibria and oscillations in a reversible mechanical system
Authors:   Institute of Control Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tkhai Valentin N.
Published: February 2022

The paper investigates symmetric periodic motions (SPM) of reversible mechanical systems. A solution is given to the problem of bilateral continuation of a nondegenerate SPM to the global family of such SPMs. The result is applied to the general case of Euler’s problem on a heavy rigid body, when the body parameters are not bound by equality conditions and two families of pendulum oscillations are found connecting the lower and upper equilibria.
Transport of ammonia nitrogen for groundwater pollution control in an informal low-permeability landfill site
Authors: Niu Juanting , Hu Litang , Zhang Menglin
Published: February 2022

In informal landfills, leachate leaked into the underlying soil and groundwater has been gaining increasing attention. Recently, an informal low-permeability landfill site in northern China was investigated in detail, and it was found that the groundwater was contaminated by leachate. A groundwater flow and contamination transport model was developed using FEFLOW to forecast contaminant transport and evaluate feasible pollutant control schemes. In this model, good matches between the simulated and observed groundwater level and good matches between the simulated and observed concentration of ammonia nitrogen show that the established model can reproduce the process of groundwater movement effectively. Three kinds of schemes, including natural conditions, pollution source removal, and pump and treatment, were simulated, and the results were compared. The results showed that, under natural conditions, the pollution does not travel far horizontally and vertically. Removal of pollution sources has little effect on the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in groundwater over a period of 100 years. The pump and treatment system can effectively remove high concentrations of ammonia nitrogen in the groundwater of the landfill site, with a maximum decline of over 90%. Therefore, the pump and treatment method may be valid for short-term soil and groundwater remediation.
Comparative analysis of molecular and conventional methods for bacteriological water quality assessment in drinking water resources around Chennai
Authors: Dinakaran Divakar Raj , Shanmugam Hemaiswarya , Nambi Indumathi M. , Doble Mukesh
Published: February 2022

Coliforms and Escherichia coli represent the fecal contamination in drinking water and hence its potability. The present study estimates uidA and lacZ genes as distinctive biomarkers for rapid and efficient detection of contaminated water resources. In total, 39 environmental water samples were collected in and around the metropolitan city of Chennai, India. The results were compared with culture-based method using selective medium. The study shows that the performance and amplification efficiency of uidA and lacZ are 99.6% and 103.4% respectively. The sensitivity of the qPCR method in selectively identifying E. coli was 71.4% in a total of 92.3% coliform contamination. The conventional method showed that 10 samples were positive for E. coli and 12 samples positive for coliforms from a total of 39 samples. A lower positive predictive value of the biomarkers observed is due to the insignificant association between the two methods and is determined to be 59.0% and 66.6% for E. coli and coliforms respectively. The study reports 50 and 70% of the overhead tank (OHT) samples were contaminated with E. coli and coliform respectively, which indicates sanitation measures through these water supplies are not adequately taken care of. High throughput molecular detection technique is reported here, which can be used for monitoring environmental samples more quickly.