bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Strength and Failure Behaviors of Sandstone Specimens at Elevated Temperature under Triaxial Compression
Authors:   School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, HUANG Yanhua , YANG Shengqi ,   School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, TIAN Wenling ,   School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering
Published: May 2024

Deep rocks are in high geostress and high temperature environment, which makes the exploitation of deep resources face great challenges, so it is of great significance to study the triaxial mechanical behaviour of rocks under high temperature. This paper comprehensively adopts indoor test and numerical simulation methods to analyze the influence of real-time temperature and peripheral pressure on the strength and damage characteristics of sandstone, and reveals the law of rock thermal crack evolution. Firstly, triaxial compression tests on sandstone with different real-time temperatures were conducted and the influences of temperature and confining pressure on the mechanical properties of sandstone were obtained. Secondly, a three-dimensional numerical model of sandstone was constructed using PFC3D, and a set of microscopic parameters reflecting the mechanical behavior. of sandstone were calibrated by comparing with triaxial compression results at room temperature, on the basis of which a numerical simulation on sandstone under realtime high temperature triaxial compression was carried out, and the numerical results were consistent with the laboratory experimental results. The numerical results show that no microcracks are generated in the specimen and the peak strength changes were not obvious when the temperature does not exceed 150℃; when the temperature exceeds 150℃, microcracks begin to sprout in the sandstone specimen. Under low confining pressure conditions, the peak strength of sandstone decreases with increasing temperature. The closure effect of high confining pressure on microcracks reduces the weakening effect of temperature on peak strength of sandstone. The fracture pattern of thermal sandstone is influenced by both temperature and peripheral pressure. The thermal sandstone exhibits axial splitting failure under low confining pressure, and shear failure under high confining pressure.
Book Review of Vorticity Vibration Effects,Principles and Aerodynamic Control Measures for Large-Span Bridges
Authors:   Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), CAO Congjie
Published: May 2024

With the rapid development of the world's economy and technology, bridge structures are developing in the direction of large spans. Large span means that the main girder of the bridge becomes longer, the whole bridge becomes more flexible, and the effect of the fluid, mainly wind, will be more obvious. Vortex Vibration Effects, Principles and Pneumatic Control Measures for Large-Span Bridges is a monograph in the field of wind engineering related to bridge structures written by Zhao Lin and Ge Yaojun of Tongji University (published by Tongji University Press) , which starts from the basic characteristics of vortex vibration of large-span bridges, the research progress and principles, and experimental situations, and puts forward the control countermeasures applicable to vortex vibration of a wide range of bridges and pneumatic control measures. This paper provides a brief introduction to the editors of the work, systematizes the chapter structure of the book, and explores its academic and theoretical values. The monograph shows how to apply the theory and mechanism related to vortex vibration of large-span bridges to practice, with a view to providing reference for workers and researchers in the fields of bridge structural wind engineering, disaster prevention and mitigation engineering.
Experimental Investigation of Effect of Orifice Diameter on Volumetric Efficiency of Two-Stage Reciprocating Air Compressor
Authors: Satpute Manoj B.
Published: May 2024

The volumetric efficiency is an important parameter commonly adopted to quantify the performance of air compressors. The present work is concerned with the design of an optimum air intake system for a single acting two stage reciprocating air compressor. The intake air system comprised of different diameter of orifice which affect the quantity, pressure of air to the compressor. The study approaches the effect of change in the intake orifice opening, affects the volumetric efficiency of air compressor. In this we used the standard procedure to find the efficiency, and it shows us the as orifice diameter increases the volumetric efficiency changes with increasing order to some extent
A Comparative Study of Zinc Phosphate and Zirconium-Based Conversion Coatings on Galvannealed Steel: Effect on Corrosion Performance of Electrocoated Systems
Authors: Glover C.F. , Romanovski V. , Romanovskaia E. , Bhargava G. , Ren C. , Surendranath A. , Houze E. , Scully J.R.
Published: May 2024

The efficacy of an electrocoated system that uses a Zr-based conversion coating was assessed to protect galvannealed (GA) steel. The aim was to determine if a Zr-based system has the potential to replace a system with a traditional zinc phosphate (ZnP) conversion coating, where there are concerns for the environmental and economic sustainability. A comparative study between the two conversion coatings, and a control system with no conversion coating, is presented. Data from AC and DC electrochemistry are utilized with surface analysis investigations of pristine specimens, where scanning electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction have been used to determine the mechanism through which protection, or coating failure, occurs. Further investigations study surface morphology and stability of specimens during immersion in a simulated electrocoat bath, and their effect on the performance of fully electrocoated systems. The corrosion current density (icorr) for bare, ZnP, and Zr-based conversion coated specimens in chloride-containing solution with no electrocoat were found to be approximately 1.90 µA/cm2, 0.30 µA/cm2, and <0.01 µA/cm2, respectively. Rp values of 0.05 kΩ, 4.2 kΩ, and 20.7 kΩ were recorded for bare, ZnP and Zr-based specimens, respectively. The corrosion current density (icorr) for bare, ZnP, and Zr-based conversion coated specimens under chloride-containing conditions with electrocoat were found to be 3.82 µA/cm2, 0.53 µA/cm2, and 0.06 µA/cm2, respectively. |Z| values at 0.01 Hz (|Z|0.01 Hz) were measured, yielding 45.5 GΩ, 47.4 GΩ, and 31.6 GΩ for bare, ZnP, and Zr-based pretreatments respectively, demonstrating excellent barrier properties after electrocoating. Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) rate values of 3.52 × 10−2 mol·m−2·s−1, 3.12 × 10−2 mol·m−2·s−1, and 2.94 × 10−2 mol·m−2·s−1 were recorded for the bare, ZnP, and Zr-based systems, respectively. This study produced a ranking order of HER rate. This was bare > ZnP > Zr-based. These results suggest that the Zr-based system is less prone to HER, interfering with the electrocoat deposition process. A performance ranking order for pretreated and electrocoated systems was established, where Zr-based > ZnP > control. The level of thickness and roughness provided by the conversion coating is speculated to be the controlling factor for coating performance, where the ZnP conversion coating was found to provide a thicker layer with greater surface coverage beneficial for a uniform electrocoat film build.
Influence of a Modified versus a Typical Microcycle Periodization on the Weekly External Loads
and Match Day Readiness in Elite Academy Soccer Players
Authors: Douchet Tom , Christos PAIZIS , Christopher CARLING , Nicolas BABAULT
Published: May 2024

A typical weekly periodization strategy in soccer positions the most demanding sessions four and three days before the match-day (MD−4/MD−3). However, a modified periodization strategy could intersperse the two most demanding sessions with a low-load training session. This study aimed to investigate the impact of these periodizations on external loads and MD readiness. Twenty academy players were tested. The modified weekly periodization strategy included a low-load training session between the two most demanding sessions, while the typical periodization implemented them consecutively. Players wore a GPS and rated their perceived exertion (RPE) during the most demanding sessions. Players were also tested using a CMJ, a 20-m sprint, the Illinois agility test (IAT), and the Hooper questionnaire on MD−4 to obtain baseline values (CONTROL) and on the match-day (TEST). CONTROL values were similar during experimental weeks. During the second most demanding session, players covered greater distances for the modified versus the typical periodization in the 20–25 km/h (306.3 ± 117.1 m vs. 223.5 ± 92.2 m, p < 0.05) and >25 km/h speed zones (89.5 ± 44.8 m vs. 67.2 ± 44.5 m, p < 0.05). On the MD, CMJ, 20-m sprint, and IAT performances were similar between both periodizations. However, 10-m time (1.89 ± 0.10 s vs. 1.92 ± 0.09 s, p < 0.05) and the Hooper index score (7.90 ± 2.14 a.u. vs. 9.50 ± 3.44 a.u., p < 0.05) were significantly lower during the modified periodization strategy. A decreased training load session positioned between the most demanding sessions may be of interest in elite academy soccer players as it can lead to increased weekly external loads and readiness on the MD.
El albaceazgo en las nuevas realidades sucesorias, vital, digital y empresarial. Una figura compleja de larga tradición y de conveniente proyección en la actualidad
Authors: De la Torre Olid Francisco
Published: May 2024

Abordar el estudio de una figura de larga tradición es interesante en tanto esa pervivencia en el tiempo evidencia su interés, utilidad y eficacia en la práctica jurídica. Por demás, el albaceazgo muestra una complejidad que requiere abundar en extremos de la institución para profundizar en su clarificación, al tiempo que, por exigir la comparativa con otras categorías, sugiere una enriquecedora labor de contraste. A todo ello se suman cuestiones y necesidades nuevas a las que el albacea va a servir de manera idónea para gestionar contenidos digitales del causante y para ejecutar disposiciones comprometidas con la bioética. En efecto, el testamento vital y el testamento digital justifican el recurso al albaceazgo incentivando esta designación testamentaria, lo que se suma a complicaciones que en la actualidad presenta tanto en el plano más personal como en el orden patrimonial, como son la necesaria armonización y satisfacción de intereses de herederos de distintos vínculos matrimoniales y las exigencias de la administración y gestión de activos patrimoniales vinculados cada vez más a empresas, cuanto más cuando de empresa familiar se trata y se debe atender a posibles pactos sucesorios. El interés de la tarea del albacea se explica, por añadidura, en la ventaja de contribuir a la solución extrajudicial de los conflictos de intereses que la sucesión expone.
La renuncia a un legado se considera ocultación a efectos del artículo 42.2 a) de la Ley general tributaria
Authors: Banacloche Palao Carmen
Published: May 2024

La Sentencia del Tribunal Superior de Justicia de la Comunidad Valenciana 1066/2023, de 15 de diciembre, considera que la renuncia a un legado por parte del deudor principal, como consecuencia de la cual acrece la herencia de sus hijos, constituye ocultación a efectos de justificar la derivación de responsabilidad solidaria regulada en el artículo 42.2 a) de la Ley general tributaria. Las circunstancias que rodean la aceptación de la herencia por parte de los hijos aportan indicios suficientes para acreditar la intención defraudatoria que precisa el presupuesto habilitante de esta clase de responsabilidad.
Mobile air quality monitoring and comparison to fixed monitoring sites for instrument performance assessment
Authors: Whitehill Andrew R. , Lunden Melissa , LaFranchi Brian , Kaushik Surender , Solomon Paul A.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Air pollution monitoring using mobile ground-based measurement platforms can provide high-quality spatiotemporal air pollution information. As mobile air quality monitoring campaigns extend to entire fleets of vehicles and integrate smaller-scale air quality sensors, it is important to address the need to assess these measurements in a scalable manner. We explore the collocation-based evaluation of air quality measurements in a mobile platform using fixed regulatory sites as a reference. We compare two approaches: a standard collocation assessment technique, in which the mobile platform is parked near the fixed regulatory site for a period of time, and an expanded approach, which uses measurements while the mobile platform is in motion in the general vicinity of the fixed regulatory site. Based on the availability of fixed-reference-site data, we focus on three pollutants (ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and nitric oxide) with distinct atmospheric lifetimes and behaviors. We compare measurements from a mobile laboratory with regulatory site measurements in Denver, CO, USA, and in the San Francisco Bay Area, CA, USA. Our 1-month Denver dataset includes both parked collocation periods near the fixed regulatory sites and general driving patterns around the sites, allowing a direct comparison of the parked and mobile collocation techniques on the same dataset. We show that the mobile collocation approach produces similar performance statistics, including coefficients of determination and mean bias errors, to the standard parked collocation technique. This is particularly true when the comparisons are restricted to specific road types, with residential streets showing the closest agreement and highways showing the largest differences. We extend our analysis to a larger (yearlong) dataset in California, where we explore the relationships between the mobile measurements and the fixed reference sites on a larger scale. We show that using a 40 h running median converges to within ±4 ppbv of the fixed reference site for nitrogen dioxide and ozone and up to about 8 ppbv for nitric oxide. We propose that this agreement can be leveraged to assess instrument performance over time during large-scale mobile monitoring campaigns. We demonstrate an example of how such relationships can be employed during large-scale monitoring campaigns using small sensors to identify potential measurement biases.
Multiple-scattering effects on single-wavelength lidar sounding of multi-layered clouds
Authors: Shcherbakov Valery , Szczap Frédéric , Mioche Guillaume , Cornet Céline
Published: May 2024

Abstract. We performed Monte Carlo simulations of single-wavelength lidar signals from multi-layered clouds with special attention focused on the multiple-scattering (MS) effect in regions of the cloud-free molecular atmosphere (i.e. between layers or outside a cloud system). Despite the fact that the strength of lidar signals from the molecular atmosphere is much lower compared to the in-cloud intervals, studies of MS effects in such regions are of interest from scientific and practical points of view. The MS effect on lidar signals always decreases with the increasing distance from the cloud far edge. The decrease is the direct consequence of the fact that the forward peak of particle phase functions is much larger than the receiver field of view (RFOV). Therefore, the photons scattered within the forward peak escape the sampling volume formed by the RFOV (i.e. the escape effect). We demonstrated that the escape effect is an inherent part of MS properties within the free atmosphere beyond the cloud far edge. In the cases of the ground-based lidar, the MS contribution is lower than 5 % within the regions of the cloud-free molecular atmosphere with a distance from the cloud far edge of about 1 km or higher. In the cases of the space-borne lidar, the rate of decrease of the MS contribution is so slow that the threshold of 5 % can hardly be reached. In addition, the effect of non-uniform beam filling is extremely strong. Therefore, practitioners should employ, with proper precautions, lidar data from regions below the cloud base when treating data of a space-borne lidar. In the case of two-layered cloud, the distance of 1 km is sufficiently large so that the scattered photons emerging from the first layer do not affect signals from the second layer when we are dealing with the ground-based lidar. In contrast, signals from the near edge of the second cloud layer are severely affected by the photons emerging from the first layer in the case of a space-borne lidar. We evaluated the Eloranta model (EM) in extreme conditions and showed its good performance in the cases of ground-based and space-borne lidars. At the same time, we revealed the shortcoming that can affect practical applications of the EM. Namely, values of the key parameters – i.e. the ratios of phase functions in the backscatter direction for the nth-order-scattered photon and a singly scattered photon – depend not only on the particle phase function but also on the distance from a lidar to the cloud and the receiver field of view. Those ratios vary within a quite large range, and the MS contribution to lidar signals can be largely overestimated or underestimated if erroneous values of the ratios are assigned to the EM.
Comparison of size distribution and electrical particle sensor measurement methods for particle lung deposited surface area (LDSAal) in ambient measurements with varying conditions
Authors: Lepistö Teemu , Lintusaari Henna , Salo Laura , Silvonen Ville , Barreira Luis M. F. , Hoivala Jussi , Markkula Lassi , Niemi Jarkko V. , Ondracek Jakub , Teinilä Kimmo , Manninen Hanna E. , Saarikoski Sanna , Timonen Hilkka , Dal Maso Miikka , Rönkkö Topi
Published: May 2024

Abstract. During recent years it has become evident that additional metrics along the particle mass concentration together with dense air quality monitoring networks within cities are needed to understand the most efficient ways to tackle the health burden of particulate pollution. Particle lung deposited surface area (LDSAal) is a metric to estimate particle exposure in the lung alveoli, and it has gained interest as a parameter for air quality monitoring as it is relatively easy and cost-efficient to measure with electrical particle sensors. Also, various studies have indicated its potential as a health-relevant metric. In addition to the electrical particle sensors, LDSAal can be measured with various size distribution methods. However, different LDSAal measurement methods have fundamental differences in their operation principles e.g., related to the measurement size ranges, size-classification or conversion from the originally measured quantity into LDSAal. It is not well understood how these differences affect the accuracy of the measurement in ambient conditions where especially the particle effective density and hygroscopicity can considerably change the particle lung deposition efficiencies. In this study, the electrical particle sensor measurement (Partector) and two size distribution approaches (ELPI+, DMPS/SMPS) were compared in road traffic environments with different environmental conditions in Helsinki and Prague. The results were compared by utilising general assumptions of LDSAal measurement (spherical hydrophobic particles with the standard density) and by evaluating the effects of the particle effective density and hygroscopicity. Additionally, the Partector and ELPI+ were compared in various urban environments near road traffic, airport, river traffic and residential wood combustion. The results show that comparison of different LDSAal measurement methods can be complicated in ambient measurements. The challenges were especially related to the estimated lung deposition of accumulation mode particles roughly larger than 200–400 nm. On the other hand, the results suggest that the differences between the methods are reasonably low when considering only ultrafine and soot particles, highlighting the suitability of LDSAal as a monitored metric when estimating spatial differences in the particulate pollution within cities.
Compressibility and thermal expansion of magnesium phosphates
Authors: Leyx Catherine , Schmid-Beurmann Peter , Brunet Fabrice , Chopin Christian , Lathe Christian
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The ambient-temperature compressibility and room-pressure thermal expansion of two Mg3(PO4)2 polymorphs (farringtonite = Mg3(PO4)2-I, with 5- and 6-fold coordinated Mg, and chopinite = “Mg-sarcopside” = [6]Mg3(PO4)2-II), three Mg2PO4OH polymorphs (althausite, hydroxylwagnerite and ε-Mg2PO4OH, all with [5]Mg and [6]Mg) and phosphoellenbergerite ([6]Mg) were measured on synthetic powders using a synchrotron-based multi-anvil apparatus to 5.5 GPa and a laboratory high-temperature diffractometer, with whole-pattern fitting procedures. Bulk moduli range from 64.5 GPa for althausite to 88.4 GPa for hydroxylwagnerite, the high-pressure Mg2PO4OH polymorph. Chopinite, based on an olivine structure with ordered octahedral vacancies (K0 = 81.6 GPa), and phosphoellenbergerite, composed of chains of face-sharing octahedra (K0 = 86.4 GPa), are distinctly more compressible than their homeotypical silicate (127 and 133 GPa, respectively). The compressibility anisotropy is the highest for chopinite and the lowest for phosphoellenbergerite. First-order parameters of quadratic thermal expansions range from v1 = 2.19×10-5 K−1 for ε-Mg2PO4OH to v1 = 3.58×10-5 K−1 for althausite. Phosphates have higher thermal-expansion coefficients than the homeotypical silicates. Thermal anisotropy is the highest for farringtonite and the lowest for hydroxylwagnerite and chopinite. These results set the stage for a thermodynamic handling of phase-equilibrium data obtained up to 3 GPa and 1000 °C in the MgO–P2O5–H2O and MgO–Al2O3–P2O5–H2O systems.
Optimal feature selection for improved ML based reconstruction of Global Terrestrial Water Storage Anomalies
Authors: Mandal Nehar , Das Prabal , Chanda Kironmala
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Understanding long-term Terrestrial water storage (TWS) variations is vital for investigating hydrological extreme events, managing water resources, and assessing climate change impacts. However, the limited data duration from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and its follow-on missions (GRACE-FO) poses challenges for comprehensive long-term analysis. In this study, we reconstruct TWS anomalies (TWSA) for the period Jan 1960 to Dec 2022 thereby filling data gaps between GRACE and GRACE-FO missions as well as generating a complete dataset for the pre-GRACE era. The workflow involves identifying optimal predictors from land surface model (LSM) outputs, meteorological variables, and climatic indices using a novel Bayesian Network (BN) technique for grid-based TWSA simulations. Climate indices, like the Oceanic Niño Index and Dipole Mode Index, are selected as optimal predictors for a large number of grids globally, along with TWSA from LSM outputs. The most effective machine learning (ML) algorithms among Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Support Vector Regression (SVR), Extra Trees Regressor (ETR), and Stacking Ensemble Regression (SER) models are evaluated at each grid location to achieve optimal reproducibility. Globally, ETR performs best for most of the grids which is also noticed at the river-basin scale, particularly for the Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghana, Godavari, Krishna, Limpopo, and Nile river basins. The simulated TWSA (BNML_TWSA) outperformed the TWSA from LSM outputs when evaluated against GRACE datasets. Improvements are particularly noted in the river basins such as Godavari, Krishna, Danube, Amazon, etc., with median values of the correlation coefficient, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency, and RMSE for all grids in Godavari, India, being 0.927, 0.839, and 63.7 mm respectively. A comparison with TWSA reconstructed in recent studies indicates that the proposed BNML_TWSA outperforms them globally as well as for all the 11 major river basins examined. The presented dataset is published at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.25376695 (Mandal et al., 2024) and updates will be published when needed.
Regional beryllium-10 production rate for the mid-elevation mountainous regions in central Europe, deduced from a multi-method study of moraines and lake sediments in the Black Forest
Authors: Hofmann Felix Martin , Rambeau Claire , Gegg Lukas , Schulz Melanie , Steiner Martin , Fülling Alexander , Léanni Laëtitia , Preusser Frank ,   ASTER Team
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Beryllium-10 cosmic-ray exposure (CRE) dating has revolutionized our understanding of glacier fluctuations around the globe. A key prerequisite for the successful application of this dating method is the determination of regional production rates of in situ accumulated 10Be, usually inferred at independently dated calibration sites. Until now, no calibration site has been available for the mid-elevation mountain ranges of central Europe. We fill this gap by determining in situ 10Be concentrations in large boulders on moraines and by applying radiocarbon and infrared-stimulated luminescence (IRSL) dating to stratigraphically younger lake sediments in the southern Black Forest, SW Germany. The dating methods yielded concordant results, and, based on age–depth modelling with 14C ages, the age of a cryptotephra, and IRSL ages, we deduced a regional 10Be production rate in quartz. Calibrating the Black Forest production rate (BFPR) in the Cosmic-Ray Exposure program (CREp) resulted in a spallogenic sea-level and high-latitude (SLHL) production rate of 3.64±0.11 atoms 10Be g−1 quartz a−1 when referring to time-dependent Lal–Stone scaling, the European Reanalysis (ERA)-40 atmosphere model, and the atmospheric 10Be-based geomagnetic database in CREp. The BFPR turned out to be ∼11 % lower than both those at the nearest calibration site in the Alps (4.10±0.10 atoms 10Be g−1 quartz a−1 at SLHL) and the canonical global 10Be production rate (4.11±0.19 atoms 10Be g−1 quartz a−1 at SLHL) in CREp. A stronger weathering and snow cover bias and a higher impact of forest, soil, moss, and shrub cover at the study site likely explain this discrepancy.
Decision-making strategies implemented in SolFinder 1.0 to identify eco-efficient aircraft trajectories: application study in AirTraf 3.0
Authors: Castino Federica , Yin Feijia , Grewe Volker , Yamashita Hiroshi , Matthes Sigrun , Dietmüller Simone , Baumann Sabine , Soler Manuel , Simorgh Abolfazl , Mendiguchia Meuser Maximilian , Linke Florian , Lührs Benjamin
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The optimization of aircraft trajectories involves balancing operating costs and climate impact, which are often conflicting objectives. To achieve compromised optimal solutions, higher-level information such as preferences of decision-makers must be taken into account. This paper introduces the SolFinder 1.0 module, a decision-making tool designed to identify eco-efficient aircraft trajectories, which allow for the reduction of the flight's climate impact with limited cost penalties compared to cost-optimal solutions. SolFinder 1.0 offers flexible decision-making options that allow users to select trade-offs between different objective functions, including fuel use, flight time, NOx emissions, contrail distance, and climate impact. The module is included in the AirTraf 3.0 submodel, which optimizes trajectories under atmospheric conditions simulated by the ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry model. This paper focuses on the ability of the module to identify eco-efficient trajectories while solving a bi-objective optimization problem that minimizes climate impact and operating costs. SolFinder 1.0 enables users to explore trajectory properties at varying locations of the Pareto fronts without prior knowledge of the problem results and to identify solutions that limit the cost of reducing the climate impact of a single flight.
Towards understanding the influence of seasons on low-groundwater periods based on explainable machine learning
Authors: Wunsch Andreas , Liesch Tanja , Goldscheider Nico
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Seasons are known to have a major influence on groundwater recharge and therefore groundwater levels; however, underlying relationships are complex and partly unknown. The goal of this study is to investigate the influence of the seasons on groundwater levels (GWLs), especially during low-water periods. For this purpose, we train artificial neural networks on data from 24 locations spread throughout Germany. We exclusively focus on precipitation and temperature as input data and apply layer-wise relevance propagation to understand the relationships learned by the models to simulate GWLs. We find that the learned relationships are plausible and thus consistent with our understanding of the major physical processes. Our results show that for the investigated locations, the models learn that summer is the key season for periods of low GWLs in fall, with a connection to the preceding winter usually only being subordinate. Specifically, dry summers exhibit a strong influence on low-water periods and generate a water deficit that (preceding) wet winters cannot compensate for. Temperature is thus an important proxy for evapotranspiration in summer and is generally identified as more important than precipitation, albeit only on average. Single precipitation events show by far the largest influences on GWLs, and summer precipitation seems to mainly control the severeness of low-GWL periods in fall, while higher summer temperatures do not systematically cause more severe low-water periods.
Diatom and radiolarian biostratigraphy in the Pliocene sequence of ODP Site 697 (Jane Basin, Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean)
Authors: Kato Yuji , Hernández-Almeida Iván , Pérez Lara F.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Bio- and magnetostratigraphic events are essential to construct age models of marine sedimentary sequences for which no other dating methods are available. In this study, we re-visit Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 113, Hole 697B (drilled in the Jane Basin, the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean; 61°48.626′S, 40°17.749′W), to refine diatom and radiolarian biostratigraphy for the early and middle Pliocene, a warm interval of Earth's history which is often considered a climatic analogue for the future. In total, 16 bioevents were identified in the diatom analysis and 3 in the radiolarian analysis. From these, 8 diatom events and one radiolarian event were identified for the first time in Hole 697B. We correlate the identified bioevents with existing paleomagnetic datums in Hole 697B to recalculate and update the ages of the bioevents. Although most of the calculated ages fall within the range of previously published ages, this study allowed us to narrow the age ranges of a number of bioevents. The updated biostratigraphy, as well as the assemblage data presented here, contributes to strengthening the Pliocene chronological framework at Hole 697B for future paleoceanographic work. In addition, we found an interval characterized by abundant reworked Miocene microfossils (e.g., Denticulopsis spp.) at ca. 4.5–3.7 Ma that may suggest sediment disturbance caused by regional tectonic and/or paleoceanographic events in the Southern Ocean during this time interval.
Geothermal heat source estimations through ice flow modelling at Mýrdalsjökull, Iceland
Authors: Jarosch Alexander H. , Magnússon Eyjólfur , Hannesdóttir Krista , Belart Joaquín M. C. , Pálsson Finnur
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Geothermal heat sources beneath glaciers and ice caps influence local ice-dynamics and mass balance but also control ice surface depression evolution as well as subglacial water reservoir dynamics. Resulting jökulhlaups (i.e., glacier lake outburst floods) impose danger to people and infrastructure, especially in Iceland, where they are closely monitored. Due to hundreds of meters of ice, direct measurements of heat source strength and extent are not possible. We present an indirect measurement method which utilizes ice flow simulations and glacier surface data, such as surface mass balance and surface depression evolution. Heat source locations can be inferred accurately to simulation grid scales; heat source strength and spatial distributions are also well quantified. Our methods are applied to the Mýrdalsjökull ice cap in Iceland, where we are able to refine previous heat source estimates.
Thin Layer Shade Drying of Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra)
Authors: Ritu Raj Mehta  , Surjeet Jain  , M.K. Garg
Published: May 2024

Liquorice roots (Glycyrrhiza glabra) were harvested and cut into small pieces and were dried to safe moisture content for storage i.e., between 10-12%. Initial moisture content of liquorice roots was 72.58 %db, and it took 76 hours to reach up to a level of 11.42 % db. Five different thin layer mathematical models namely; Newton, Page, Modified Page, Henderson and Pabis, Geometric were linearised and fitted with drying time and moisture ratio. Henderson and Pabis model satisfactorily described the shade drying of liquorices with the coefficient of correlation (r) of 0.9642 and standard error (e) 0.1613.
Design and development of programmed switching system for processing of mechanically picked cotton
Authors: Jyoti M Nath  , SK Shukla  , P G Patil
Published: May 2024

Mechanically picked cotton requires approximately 3 to 4 times more machinery as compared to hand picking to bring down trash to an acceptable level. It is required that any machinery that is not necessary should be bypassed and switched off. In addition, gin machines must get started and stopped in a definite sequence to avoid chokage of cotton as well as overloading of machines in ginneries. A programmed switching system for operating ginneries through a handheld keypad control or a personal computer has been presented. It should assist in proper gin management, energy conservation and minimization of productivity loss.
Studies on Biodiesel Production Technology from Jatropha curcas and its Performance in a CI Engine
Authors: P.K. Sahoo  , S.N. Naik  , L.M. Das
Published: May 2024

The importance of diesel fuel in Indian context is very different from that in the developed countries. Diesel is being used in mechanized agricultural, public transportation sector and also for several other applications. In the wake of the present fuel crisis, it has become essential to identify some renewable and environmentally compatible substitutes to diesel fuel. In the present investigation the high viscosity of the Jatropha curcas oil which has been considered as a potential alternative fuel for the diesel engine was decreased by transesterification (methanolysis) and blending the methyl ester with diesel. Three test fuels of neat diesel; blends of 20% volume (B20) of proportions of jatropha oil methyl ester (JOME) with diesel; and neat JOME (B100) were prepared, analyzed and compared with diesel fuel. The performance and exhaust emission of the engine using blend of 20% JOME With diesel and neat JOME was evaluated in a single cylinder C.I. engine and compared with the performance obtained with diesel. Significant improvement in engine performance was observed compared to biodiesel alone. The specific fuel consumption and the exhaust gas temperature were reduced due to decrease in viscosity of the biodiesel. Acceptable thermal efficiencies of the engine were obtained with neat JOME (100% volume of JOME). Exhaust emission behavior was environment friendly. From the properties and engine test results it has been established that 100% of jatropha oil methyl ester can be substituted for diesel without any engine modification.
Formação e prática docente: limites e potencialidades para a educação geográfica
Authors: Vieira Ferreira Afonso , Vallerius Daniel Mallmann
Published: May 2024

Formar professores se constitui em um desafio permanente para todos que, em alguma dimensão, estão envolvidos com esta demanda. No sentido de contribuir com a busca para qualificar tais processos formativos, esta investigação anseia identificar aspectos que podem contribuir para a compreensão sobre como os professores de Geografia da educação básica vislumbram a formação, a Geografia e alguns elementos da prática docente, defendendo que estas dimensões se colocam, dialeticamente, como limites e possibilidades para Educação Geográfica, bem como a importância da escuta ativa a estes sujeitos como uma estratégia potencialmente qualificadora da formação inicial. Optou-se pelo diálogo com professores do estado do Tocantins (região Norte do Brasil), dando voz aos sujeitos que estão trabalhando diretamente com a construção da Geografia cotidianamente nas escolas. Sem qualquer intenção de esgotar o debate, este artigo coloca-se como um retrato das percepções de alguns professores sobre a formação e a prática docente, compreendendo que estas dimensões contribuem de maneira indissociável para o delinear de uma Educação Geográfica que seja efetivamente significativa.
Syntactic Analysis of the Noun Phrases in Justin Bieber’s Song Lyrics
Authors: Nasution Andini nabila , Setia Eddy , Deliana Deliana
Published: May 2024

This thesis showed the syntactic analysis of the noun phrases used in Justin Bieber’s song lyrics. The objectives of the study are: (1) to find out the noun phrases in Justin’s selected song lyrics. (2) to find out the most dominant noun phrases among Justin’s selected song lyrics. It was a qualitative descriptive research with Labelled Bracketing by Lesley Milroy as its approaches. The writer used 3 data of song lyrics then classified, analyzed and counted the data. The result of this study showed that there were 50 noun phrases with the details as follows : 15 noun phrases in What Do You Mean song lyrics (30%), 16 noun phrases in Sorry song lyrics (32%) and 19 noun phrases in  Love Yourself song lyrics (38%). And the most dominant noun phrases found in Love Yourself song lyrics with 38% (19 noun phrases).
Custom Application Booking Information System at PT Mitra Tekno Nusantara
Authors: Ridwan Alfian Junior , Pantjarani Ari , Hastomo Mursid Dwi
Published: May 2024

Information systems can provide strategic opportunities in facing business competition when implemented to support a business process. PT. Mitra Tekno Nusantara (PT. MTN) is a company engaged in the Information Technology sector that produces various kinds of software and hardware. The process of recording custom application order transactions that are still manual has weaknesses in terms of speed of recording transaction processes. In addition, the deadline on a project is rarely monitored so that there are projects whose progress exceeds the specified time target. This of course of course from customers. To fix this problem, the researcher proposes to design a website-based computerized system to manage custom application order transaction data at PT. MTN. The design of the custom application ordering information system that the author proposes is made using the PHP Native programming language and MySQL database. The proposed information system design uses the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) method with the Waterfall model. With the design of this custom application ordering system, it is hoped that it will make it easier for admins to record transaction data for custom application orders. In addition, it makes it easier for the project head to monitor the deadline date of each project being worked on.
Information System for the Inventory of Census Needs at the Central Statistics Agency of Sragen Regency
Authors: Hajid Luthfi Hayban , Naury Chairullah , Purbiyanto Eko
Published: May 2024

The inventory system is a system used to input inventory data into a database to avoid errors in entering, retrieving, and losing inventory data. The limitation of manual inventory recording for census purposes at the Central Statistics Agency (Badan Pusat Statistik) in Sragen Regency causes a relatively long reporting time for inventory and the possibility of errors in data collection. To support the performance of employees, a computerized system is needed as a tool for employees to carry out their activities. Considering the increasing amount of inventory data that needs to be stored at the Central Statistics Agency in Sragen Regency, there is a need for a web-based inventory information system for census purposes. The aim of this research is to design an inventory information system for the needs of the census at the Central Statistics Agency in Sragen Regency. The author uses the Waterfall method in the system development process and the PHP programming language, along with the MySQL database. The system designed by the author is expected to produce an application that can record inventory accessible via the web so that the leadership can directly see the inventory at the Central Statistics Agency in Sragen Regency.
Comparative Analysis of Weather Prediction Using Classification Algorithm: Random Forest Classifier, Decision Tree Classifier and Extra Tree Classifier
Authors: O. A. Oluwabunmi , I. A. Zainab , L. Adeolu
Published: May 2024

Comparison of machine learning models is carried out in order to determine which models are best to deploy as a system. However, for the purpose of our research, we carried out a comparative analysis on Random Forest classifier, Decision Tree classifier and Extra Tree classifier for weather prediction systems as we focused on seeking the classifier with the highest performance metrics. Based on the metrics, accuracy score, the best model for the system was determined. We carried out training, testing and validation of the three different models on the same dataset from the Kaggle dataset. We were able to implement Random Forest Classifier, Decision Tree Classifier and Extra Tree Classifier from Scikit-Learn to make weather prediction and using matplotlib to visualize the accuracy score of the implemented models. The Random Forest Classifier was chosen as the best able to achieve the highest at 66% accuracy.
English Language Teaching and Learning in Secondary Schools in Isoko North Local Government Area of Delta State: Problems and Prospects
Authors: E. I. Margaret , U. E. Joyce
Published: May 2024

This paper studied the problems of teaching and learning English as a second language in junior school certificate examination in Isoko North Local Government Area of Delta State. The study sought to establish the extent to which students in Junior Secondary School and teachers should value English as the language of instruction. The framework adopted is the behaviorist theory of bilingualism. The simple percentage method of data analysis was employed to analyze data. The population comprised students in junior secondary schools in Ozoro precisely the students of Opute Grammar School, Ozoro and Heroes Group of Schools, Ozoro both in Delta State of Nigeria. The sample size was 100, and the instrument for data collection was the questionnaire which was tested and retested on some other students to ensure that it was reliable. It was found out that the majority of the students consider the English language a difficult subject because of their inability to understand every aspect, which the English language entails. It was also found out among others that the level of infiltration of mother tongue into the respondents’ English is very high. This research recommended that good reading habits should be developed in the students and also well-equipped libraries should be provided in the schools and communities in order to improve better performance in their study of English language. It concluded that the problems of teaching and learning English as a second language is as a result of the impact of mother’s tongue, inadequate textbooks, poor language background and lack of professional growth and development of teachers. If these discovered factors are not checked there will be a drastic decline in standard of education.
A New Hope? Combination Immunotherapy for Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Cancer
Authors:   First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China., Xu Qian , Jia Caiyan ,   First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China., Kong Fanming ,   First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China., Jia Yingjie ,   First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
Published: May 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the three most common malignancies globally while the mortality ranks second. Currently immunotherapy, like therapeutic monoclonal antibodies targeting immune checkpoints, have been found to have obvious benefit for patients who are DNA mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR)/high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) CRC, however the majority of patients are the DNA mismatch repair proficient (pMMR)/microsatellite stable (MSS) or low microsatellite instability (MSI-L), which are considered as the “cold tumors”. The absent of tumor T cell infiltration, which is an essential feature of socalled “cold tumors,” and thus contributes to the resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this article, we want to review the progress of immune combination therapy in MSS CRC (for example, anti-VEGF drugs, anti-EGFR drugs, MAPK signaling pathway target drugs, TGF-β antibodies, radiotherapy, bispecific antibodies, neoantigens vaccines and oncolytic viruses), and we hope to provide new sparks for the treatment of this group of patients.
Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) for those in Early Addiction Recovery
Authors:   University of Maryland, School of Nursing, USA., Canha Benjamin
Published: May 2024

The honesty exercise is a one-hour-long CBT sessions was designed specifically to treat addictive disorders that focus on the first three steps of the 12 Steps adapted from Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). We admitted we were powerless over alcohol-that our lives had become unmanageable. This review article describes step by step instructions for confronting denial in a new and powerful way using CBT principles. The Honesty Exercise and cartoons [2] were created by the author.