bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The use of Waste Management in the Baltic Sea Region: Analysis of Economic and Operational Indicators
Authors: Ermochenko A. I. , Uvarov R. A.
Published: October 2023

An effective waste management system is based on a comprehensive knowledge of the current situation in terms of the quality and quantity of waste generated. The article presents the results of the analysis of economic and production indicators of waste management in the countries of the European Union of the Baltic Sea region: Denmark, Germany, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Finland and Sweden. Statistical indicators for 2005–2020 and profile studies have been studied. The indicators of waste generation excluding basic mineral waste per unit of GDP (leader: Estonia — 885–532 kg / 1000 euros), household waste generation (leader: Denmark — 717.5–814 kg/person), the level of disposal of utility costs (leader: Germany — 59.25–68.35%) and the level of biowaste recycling (leader: Denmark — 120.5–151.3 kg/person). Extreme and average values were identified for each indicator for the countries under consideration, the dynamics of growth and decline were determined, general trends were identified, and median values of the indicators under consideration were compared. It was found that the generation of waste per unit of GDP for 2005–2020 decreased from 107.5 to 74 kg / 1000 euros (-31.2%); the formation of household waste increased from 448.75 to 458 kg/person (+2.1%), the level of municipal waste disposal increased from 27.5 to 42% (+14.5%), the number of recycled bio-waste increased from 22.5 to 72.5 kg/person (+222.2%). This allows us to see the results of the EUʼs purposeful work to reduce the negative burden of individual countries on the environmental sustainability of entire regions.
Investment attractiveness of the agro-industrial complex: problems and solutions
Authors: Butko G. P. , Nabokov V. I. , Chasovskih V. P. , Ramenskaya L. A. , Gusmanov R. U. , Sinegubova E. S.
Published: October 2023

Relevance. The analysis of trends in the development of the agricultural sector is presented, which makes it possible to interpret the importance of increasing the investment attractiveness of the agricultural sector of the economy.

Methods. Within the framework of a systematic approach, methods of economic research were used: systematic, bibliographic, comparative.

Results. A number of the most common risks arising in the investment process have been identified. Based on theoretical considerations, it is established that the main disadvantage is the underestimation of the main indicators. The role and importance of methods for assessing the profitability of investments are determined. The most acceptable approaches in this area are highlighted. The mechanisms of adjusting the investment attractiveness of the agro-industrial complex are presented. The features of the study of the effectiveness of socio-economic development of the agro-industrial complex through its supply and creative functions are revealed. The importance of competitiveness factors is pointed out.

In order to implement investment projects and programs in this context, it is necessary to develop and use management systems that increase the attractiveness of investments in agricultural enterprises. When evaluating alternatives (investment projects) with respect to essential objective functions, quantitative values (or utility values) are determined. An appropriate scale should be used for each objective function. The type of measurement scale depends on the measurement of the expression of the objective function. They should be presented in the order of levels — starting from the lowest level of measurability. The use of these techniques can significantly improve the quality of investment decision-making. In this study, it is considered that methodologies are particularly useful when creating a system for monitoring the investment attractiveness of organizations.
Structure of the probiotic market in Russia
Authors: Sevastyanova T. V.
Published: October 2023

The article provides an overview of the Russian market of probiotic products, taking into account the registration of products of domestic and foreign production in the segments of medicines for veterinary use and animal feed additives by conducting a content analysis of the state information system. The increase in consumer preferences in favor of natural products is the main factor influencing the growth of the market. The growing demands of consumers for the maintenance and breeding of animals using biologically active feed additives, including complex functional probiotic products, stimulate the expansion of the market. The demand for veterinary probiotics has also increased due to the global trend of combating antibiotic resistance and the rational use of antibacterial drugs, pesticides and agrochemicals. Rational use of available antimicrobial veterinary drugs is becoming increasingly necessary, taking into account the spectrum of their activity and the profile of antibiotic resistance of the main pathogens, as well as the development of comprehensive animal treatment programs using alternative products. In many countries, scientists recommend the use of probiotics for the preservation and correction of intestinal biocenosis starting from the first hours of animal life. The ways of using probiotics, their component composition, and the types of target animals have expanded. Probiotics are used as preparations for veterinary use, feed additives to correct intestinal dysbiosis in animals, restore the resident microflora of animals, as well as to improve various production indicators.
The content and composition of organic matter of sod-podzolic soil when applying fertilizer mixtures based on sewage sludge
Authors: Rabinovich G. Yu. , Podolian E. A. , Zinkovskaya T. S.
Published: October 2023

Relevance. The organic matter of the soils of the Non-Chernozem zone requires additional sources of its replenishment, which can include sewage sludge (SS). The paper investigates the use of sewage sludge from Tver, introduced fresh into a mixture with additional organic substrates (sawdust, peat, straw) in the field crop rotation link.

Methods. The experiment was carried out in the Tver region on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil in fourfold repetition. OSV was introduced as part of a total dose of a fertilizer mixture of 60 t/ha with additional organic substrates (sawdust, peat, straw) taken in different proportions (1:1, 1:2, 1:3) at the beginning of the experiment. The area of the experimental plot is 6 m2. Crops of the crop rotation link — mixture vetch and oat, winter rye, spring barley. The content of organic matter, its group and fractional composition were determined in soil samples according to the methods generally accepted in agrochemistry.

Results. The introduction of SS together with additional substrates contributed to an increase in the amount of soil organic matter (1,38–1,5%) and its maintenance in the aftereffect at the level of 1,33–1,49%, in the control variant this indicator was 1,26% (the significance of differences p < 0,05). The studied fertilizers provided an increase in the share of GA-1 and a decrease in FA-1a. In comparison with the finished compost, fertilizer mixtures, in which the components were in equal proportions, were ahead of the comparison options in their effect. They also contributed to the highest increase in productivity of the crop rotation link among all the variants of the experiment (an increase in control — 61,1–68,2%). Compost provided an increase in productivity by only 37,9%.
Artificial Intelligence in Digital Public Relations: A Delphi Study
Authors: Çataldaş İbrahim , Özgen Ebru
Published: October 2023

Digitalization has brought many new technologies. One of these technologies is artificial intelligence, which has started a new change process in public relations. Some digital public relations duties are currently being performed using artificial intelligence, but it is still unclear what role this technology will play in the field's future. In this study, artificial intelligence is discussed in the context of digital public relations. In this vein, the primary purpose of this study is to identify new technologies and trends that may affect the future transformation of public relations. According to the purpose of the study, expert opinions were used by applying the Delphi technique in the research part. The goal of the first round of this research, which consists of two rounds, was to gather as many opinions as possible from participants on the study's subject. In the second round of the research, the points on which the experts agreed and disagreed were determined. As a result of the research, experts agreed on 55 of 59 opinions and did not agree on 4. Depending on the findings of the research, digital public relations activities in the future will likely be based on human and artificial intelligence cooperation.
İletişim Bilimlerinde Yeni Bir Kavram: “Sosyal Ağ Yorgunluğu”
Authors: Acar Nihal , Gülnar Birol
Published: October 2023

Sosyal ağların son dönemlerde kullanıcı kaybetmesi yeni bir kavramın literatüre girmesini sağlamıştır: “sosyal ağ yorgunluğu”. İlk kez Gartner Dijital Danışmanlık Şirketi tarafından 2010-2011 yıllarında yapılan pazar araştırmalarının sonunda elde edilen verilere göre dillendirilen kavram, sosyal ağ üyelerinin platform kullanımının fiziksel ve psikolojik sonuçlarından beslenerek iletişim bilimciler tarafından betimlenmiştir. Tıbbi yorgunluk kavramından yola çıkılarak yapılandırılan sosyal ağ yorgunluğu kavramı, nitel ve nicel araştırmaların sonuçları üzerine kurularak açıklanmıştır. Literatürde yer alan araştırmalarda kavramın tanımlama aşamasının henüz sonuçlanmadığı ve yapılacak araştırmalarla sınırlarının genişleme olasılığının yüksek olduğu vurgulanmaktadır. Sosyal ağ yorgunluğunun varlığı Türkçe literatürde henüz yer almamıştır. Bu araştırmanın amacı sosyal ağ yorgunluğunun kuramsal çerçevesini Türkçe literatüre kazandırmak ve gelecekte yapılacak sosyal ağ araştırmalarında bu yeni olgunun farklı değişkenler ile incelenmesini sağlamaktır. Buradan hareketle bu çalışma, nitel araştırma desenlerinden literatür taraması ile oluşturulmuştur. Araştırma sonunda, sosyal ağ çalışmaları ile ilgilenen akademik camiaya bu yeni kavramın incelenmesine ağırlık verilmesi tavsiye edilmiştir.
The Role of Corporate Governance in the Choice of Arbitration as a Dispute Resolution Mechanism
Authors: Rocha Filho João Cesar de Oliveira
Published: October 2023

Conflicts of interest are a phenomenon inherent to human beings, and inevitably, within private, public, corporate, and business relationships, there will be disputes over the same object or claims resisted for various reasons. The hypercomplex society in which we are immersed has brought changes in human behavior, where individuals’ objectives, success, and results are being pursued in an increasingly immediate manner. The reflections of these values directly impact companies because, in addition to being responsible for producing services and products that will be consumed by those seeking full satisfaction, they also aim for their organization’s profitability to exceed annual targets. Market demands have made business relationships multidisciplinary, requiring partners, advisors, administrators, and directors to have the knowledge and caution to operate in areas that were never professionally explored before, as well as care in decision-making and their social repercussions, where consultation with legal, accounting, technological, administrative, and commercial experts is becoming increasingly common. The problematic question is defining the contours and elements that should precede the company’s decision-making in choosing an appropriate method for conflict resolution. The general objective of this study is to analyze the values and characteristics that a conflict must possess to be brought to arbitration, without giving rise to new problems, relying on good corporate governance and ESG values. Using the deductive method and specialized doctrinal analysis of the topic, the conclusion is reached that when the conflicting parties cannot resolve the dispute themselves through negotiation or even through conciliation or mediation, this is when arbitration gains space, as the judiciary is not capable of efficiently resolving complex issues with the confidentiality and reasonable timeframe required by business organizations due to the increasingly competitive market. This paper aims to study the advantages of arbitration and the role of corporate governance in participating in the decision-making process.
La sobrepoblación en el sistema carcelario brasileño: sus causas y consecuencias
Authors: Gomes Mayra Araujo , Albuquerque Artênio Félix Oliveira de , Galvão Iara Rosa Damasceno , Araújo Fábio Vieira de , Santos Filho Orlando Ferreira dos , Gomes Lara Rafaela
Published: October 2023

Ante el escenario actual, es evidente que la sobrepoblación en el sistema penitenciario brasileño es consecuencia de graves problemas estructurales que han ido empeorando desde su fundación en la época colonial hasta los problemas que enfrentamos hoy, como el predominio de facciones criminales, lo que aumenta sustancialmente la criminalidad, entre otros factores, como la infraestructura que ha causado una gran crisis en el sistema penitenciario. Por lo tanto, este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar el problema de la sobrepoblación en las cárceles brasileñas, mostrando las causas y posibles soluciones para aliviar esta deficiencia en el sistema carcelario. Para ello, se recopilaron información y datos considerando la percepción de estudiosos sobre el problema de la sobrepoblación en las cárceles brasileñas, basándose en los derechos fundamentales inherentes a todo ser humano, tal como se establece en la Constitución Federal de 1988, con el propósito de responder a la siguiente pregunta de investigación: ¿cuáles son las causas y consecuencias de la sobrepoblación en el sistema penitenciario brasileño? En este sentido, este artículo se propone con el objetivo de permitir una reflexión integral sobre el sistema penitenciario y resaltar las causas y consecuencias que la sobrepoblación trae a los reclusos. Como recurso metodológico, se utilizó la revisión bibliográfica y se realizó una descripción. Al final de la investigación, se puede concluir que la falta de asistencia por parte del Estado y la falta de proporción entre el número de plazas y la cantidad de reclusos son las causas de este grave problema que enfrenta la sociedad brasileña.
МЕТОДИКА ФОРМУВАННЯ УЯВЛЕНЬ ПРО ПРОСТОРОВО-ЧАСОВІ ПАРАМЕТРИ ТА СУЧАСНІ МАТЕРІАЛИ У НАВЧАННІ ФАХОВИХ ДИСЦИПЛІН ТА ІНЖЕНЕРНО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯХ
Authors: ТРИФОНОВА Олена , САДОВИЙ Микола
Published: October 2023

Стаття присвячена дослідженню науково-педагогічних детермінант становлення та розвитку світоглядної складової наукових досліджень в сфері природничих, технологічних та професійних галузей знань, обґрунтуванню наукового світорозуміння новітніх досягнень науки, шляхів впровадженню результатів дослідження в практику. Детально проаналізовано фундаментальні поняття часу та простору починаючи з часів Архімеда-Арістотеля, показана їхня еволюція у класичній фізиці Галілея-Ньютона, Фарадея-Максвелла. Зроблено акцент на ролі загальної теорії відносності та квантової фізики у перегляді сутності понять часу та простору, а відповідно перегляду світоглядної наукової картини світу. Акцентовано увагу на тому, що суспільна свідомість не повинна путати зворотні процеси у фізиці з ходом часу від минулого до нинішнього та до майбутнього з гносеологічної точки зору. Підкреслено, що починаючи з середини ХХ століття наукові дослідження дали можливість виготовляти вироби з новими властивостями, відмінними від традиційних, що в свою чергу впливає на формування наукового світогляду суспільства. Мета дослідження: проаналізувати методологію розвитку та трансформації природничих знань, запропонувати методику формування уявлень про просторово-часові параметри та сучасні матеріали у навчанні фахових дисциплін та інженерно-педагогічних дослідженнях. За результатами дослідження встановлено, що починаючи з середини ХХ століття наукові дослідження дали можливість виготовляти вироби з новими властивостями, відмінними від традиційних. У цьому випадку перед суб’єктами навчання постає завдання здійснити переворот у їхньому світогляді в частині психологічної готовності до сприйняття нових, відмінних від традиційних знань. Ці погляди нерідко можуть мати неймовірний світоглядний вектор близький до протилежного кута точки зору до давно впроваджених і перевіреною практикою наукових, філософських поглядів, які визначають ставлення людини до навколишньої дійсності, до себе, до Планети Земля, до Всесвіту, до Метагалактики.
РЕНТАБЕЛЬНІСТЬ ЯК ОСНОВНИЙ ПОКАЗНИК ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ УПРАВЛІННЯ АКТИВАМИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА
Authors: Кисіль Ярослав , Кисіль Максим , Тітенко Зоя
Published: October 2023

У статті розглядається важливий аспект фінансового аналізу та оцінки ефективності управління активами підприємства – рентабельність. Проводиться аналіз сутності та значення показника рентабельності. Стаття детально розглядає різні види рентабельності, такі як валова, операційна та чиста рентабельність, і розкриває їхню методологію розрахунку та інтерпретацію результатів. Проводиться аналіз розрахунку рентабельності підприємства. Досліджується роль рентабельності в управлінні активами підприємства. Стаття також надає практичні рекомендації щодо покращення рентабельності підприємства. Висновки статті демонструють, що рентабельність є ключовим показником фінансового здоров’я підприємства та його здатності до забезпечення прибуткової діяльності в довгостроковій перспективі.
Treating gaps and biases in biodiversity data as a missing data problem
Authors: Bowler Diana , Boyd Rob , Callaghan Corey , Isaac Nick , Robinson Rob , Pocock Michael
Published: October 2023

Big biodiversity datasets have great potential for monitoring and research because of their large taxonomic, geographic and temporal scope. Such datasets have become especially important for assessing the temporal change of species’ populations and distributions. Gaps in the available data, however, often hinder drawing large-scale inferences about species’ trends. Here, we conceptualise biodiversity data gaps as a missing data problem, which provides a unifying framework for the challenges and potential solutions across different types of biodiversity datasets. We characterise the typical types of data gaps in biodiversity data as different classes of missing data and then use missing data theory to explore the implications for different research questions. By using this framework, we show that bias due to data gaps can arise when the factors affecting sampling and/or data availability overlap with those affecting biodiversity. But the outcome also depends on the ecological questions, which determines choices around the analytical approach. We argue that typical approaches to long-term species trend modelling are especially susceptible to data gaps since such models do not tend to account for the factors that drive missingness. To identify general solutions, we review empirical studies and use simulation studies to compare some of the most frequently employed approaches to deal with data gaps, including subsampling, weighting and imputation. All these methods have the potential to reduce bias but may come at the cost of increased uncertainty of parameter estimates. Weighting approaches are arguably the least used so far in ecology and have the potential to reduce both the bias and variance of parameter estimates. Regardless of the method, the ability to reduce bias critically depends on knowledge of, and the availability of data on, the factors creating data gaps. We use our review to outline the necessary considerations when dealing with data gaps at different stages of the data collection and analysis workflow.
Psychosocial Predictors in College Writing
Authors: Cuevas Gloria Con-ui , Pacaldo Joavanni M. , Geraldizo-Pabriga Maria Gemma , Reponte-Sereño Raiza Rhea , Hernando Mary Joy
Published: October 2023

The prevalence of writing anxiety among college students has been a pervasive concern across various academic disciplines, extending beyond Basic English courses. This study delved into the psychosocial factors contributing to writing-related challenges among students at the University of Cebu Main Campus during the 2016-2017 academic year. The data from 567 randomly selected college students enrolled in Writing in the Discipline classes were collected by implementing a descriptive-correlational research design and utilizing adapted and modified questionnaires. The research findings not only shed light on the relationship between students' profiles and their experiences of writing anxiety and motivation but also unveiled significant gender-based variations in the process and evaluation subscales of writing-related issues. Ultimately, this study underscored the substantial link between the students' chosen programs and the predictors of their writing challenges. Based on these insights, it is recommended to implement a strategic intervention program to alleviate writing anxiety and enhance motivation among college students, fostering improved writing outcomes across disciplines.
The Readiness of Indonesian Space Defence
Authors: Francoise Jeanne , Leuwayan Santalia
Published: October 2023

Abstract

This academic paper is aimed to analyze how far is ASEAN member countries, as well as Indonesia to implement the ideas of space defence programmes. For analyzing the factor of current geopolitics, this paper is using the theory of neorealism, for analyzing the readiness of space defence, this paper is using Republic of Indonesia’s national defense strategy, which includes inward looking and outward looking, then to analyze the implementation of the programmes of space defence, this paper is using dual use of civil defense. This paper will be the first eye opener about the importance and urgency of space defence as part of people’s nationalism, identity, modernism, and economy.

Keywords: space defence, neorealism, ASEAN, Indonesia, nationalism,

geopolitics
Strategi Indonesia Dalam Menangani Pandemi Covid-19 Melalui Foreign Policy and Global Health Initiatives Tahun 2020
Authors: Az Zahra Alfiana Nur , Fathun Laode Muhamad , Nathanael Garcia Krisnando
Published: October 2023

Health diplomacy is carried out by various countries in the world to overcome the Covid-19 pandemic, especially Indonesia through Foreign Policy and Global Health (FPGH) Initiatives by 2020. The concept of global health diplomacy and health security is used to analyze the research problem. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative using three stages of data analysis, namely data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion drawing and verification. The results shows that the diplomacy carried out by Indonesia through FPGH in 2020 aims to create affordable health access and ensure the availability of vaccines as one of the steps to accelerate the pandemic. Covid-19 consciously increases the ability of countries to collaborate in dealing with the impact of inequality and gap by involving multilateral cooperation as the main factor in realizing health security. These activities are demonstrated through international meetings such as the UN General Assembly, WHO, WHA, and ASEAN and involve the COVAX Facility to ensure fair and equal distribution of vaccines.
A "Splash" of Taiwan Bubble Tea: Gastrodiplomacy, Nation Brand and A Symbol
Authors: Putri Angelika Rachelina , Baskoro Riski M.
Published: October 2023

Bubble Tea is one of the typical drinks of Taiwan, which has become known since the 1980s in Taichung, Taiwan. Bubble Tea is prevalent in various circles of society. With the recognition of Bubble Tea, the government of Taiwan took advantage of this opportunity to build a positive image amidst its conflict with China regarding the One China Policy.The Taiwanese government developed Bubble Tea as a national brand through gastrodiplomacy to introduce its signature drink to the world. A qualitative approach will be chosen in this study based on literature review withexploratory and descriptive approach. The author will use the concepts of gastrodiplomacy and nation branding. Also, this paper aims to prove how the Taiwanese government uses Bubble Tea not only as a typical Taiwanese drink but also as a symbol in the anti-China movement. The results of this study examine the Taiwanese government's efforts to utilize Bubble Tea as a disparities between China and Taiwan culture that can differentiate Taiwan from China.

 
Deixis Analysis in the Novel “Kala” Works of Syahid Muhammad and Stefani Bella: Pragmatic Study
Authors: Sarmila Suhita Devi Damanik  , Yusni Khairul Amri
Published: October 2023

Deixis is the study of speech acts produced by speakers either directly or in writing. Language as a communication tool is a form of communication in the form of words or expressions that function as pointers or deixis. This study aims to describe the use of deixis in the novel Kala by Syahid Muhammad and Stefani Bella. This study used a qualitative descriptive method. The data of this research is the content of the text of the novel Kala which contains deixis. The source of the research data is the novel Kala which is divided into five types, namely (1) persona deixis, (2) place deixis, (3) time deixis, (4) discourse deixis, and (5) social deixis. Data collection techniques using document studies. The data analysis technique uses five steps, namely re-reading carefully, collecting data from the contents of the novel, underlining the contents of the story related to deixis elements, describing the findings of researchers in the novel and concluding the results of the research. The results of the analysis of the research data found that there were 8,550 deixis, namely 2,593 persona deixis which were divided into 324 first persona deixis, 430 second persona deixis, 230 third persona deixis, 89 first singular persona deixis, 76 first persona deixis fruit, second person singular deixis 267, second person plural deixis 121, third person singular deixis 143, third person plural deixis 92. There are 682 place deixis. There are 555 time deixis, 16 discourse deixis, and 240 social deixis.
Kajian Keberlanjutan dan Perubahan Sosial Ekonomi dan Budaya di Jawa Timur
Authors: Martu Martutik Intan Rahayu , Dede Moh. Dede Ardiansyah , Khusnul Khotimah
Published: October 2023

Pandemi Corona Virus Diesease 2019 (Covid-19) menjalar di seluruh wilayah, tidak terkecuali Kelurahan Ketintang, kec. Gayungan, Surabaya. Aspek Sosial ekonomi, dan Budaya merupakan dampak yang paling mendapat perhatian setelah aspek kesehatan. Bidang sosialisme, Perekonomian, dan Kebudayaan kelurahan Ketintang mengalami penurunan akibat pengaruh dari luar maupun keadaan di daerah sendiri. Krisis sosial, ekonomi, dan budaya harus segera diatasi agar tidak terpuruk lebih dalam lagi menjadi depresi Pancagatra. Karena itu, pemulihan Sosial, ekonomi, dan budaya harus segera dirancang dan mulai dilaksanakan. Melalui kajian secara deskriptif kualitatif, jurnal ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan basis sosial, ekonomi, dan budaya di Kelurahan Ketintang untuk melakukan pemulihan akibat pandemi Covid-19. Kelurahan Ketintang yang kaya akan sumber daya manusia, serta masyarakatnya yang mayoritas sebagai wirausaha dalam arti luas, maka strategi pemulihan Sosial, ekonomi, dan budaya.
Kata kunci: Covid-19, pemulihan ekonomi, sosial dan budaya.
The 2019 Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) pandemic is spreading throughout the region, including the Ketintang Village, kec. Gayungan, Surabaya. The socio-economic and cultural aspects are the impacts that get the most attention after the health aspect. The fields of socialism, economy, and culture in the Ketintang sub-district experienced a decline due to external influences and conditions in the area itself. The social, economic, and cultural crises must be addressed immediately so that they do not sink further into the Pancagatra depression. Therefore, social, economic, and cultural recovery must be immediately designed and started to be implemented. Through a qualitative descriptive study, this journal aims to reveal the social, economic, and cultural bases in the Ketintang Village to recover from the Covid-19 pandemic. Ketintang village, which is rich in human resources, and the majority of the community as entrepreneurs in a broad sense, is a strategy for social, economic, and cultural recovery.
Keywords: Covid-19, economic recovery, social and culture.
Recent Developments in Endometrial Cancer Research Presented at the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) Annual Meeting 2023: Interviews with Two Key Opinion Leaders
Authors: Scott Brigitte
Published: October 2023

Endometrial cancer is the most common gynaecological malignancy
in developed countries, and often presents at an early stage. Paclitaxel plus
carboplatin is the standard first-line chemotherapy for endometrial cancer; however,
there is new evidence that the combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy
has synergistic effects in the treatment of this disease. For this article, EMJ
conducted an interview in August 2023 with two key opinion leaders: Jubilee
Brown and Wendel Naumann from Atrium Health Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte,
North Carolina, USA, both of whom have a wealth of experience and expertise in
the management of endometrial cancer. The experts gave valuable insights into
recent developments in endometrial cancer research as presented at the Society
of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancers 2023, held
on 25th–28th March 2023 in Tampa, Florida, USA, and online. Topics discussed
included the unprecedented progression-free survival (PFS) data from two Phase III
randomised controlled trials evaluating first-line immunotherapy in combination with chemotherapy in patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer, RUBY with
dostarlimab, and NRG GY018 with pembrolizumab, which created a buzz at SGO
2023. Clinically meaningful benefit of dostarlimab or pembrolizumab in combination
with chemotherapy versus standard-of-care chemotherapy was seen regardless of
mismatch repair status in RUBY and NRG-GY018, respectively. Brown and Naumann
considered the implications of these results on first-line treatment and recurrent
settings, and outlined the management of immune-related adverse events related
to immunotherapy-based treatment regimens. The experts also explored key earlier
stage studies presented at SGO, and the potential for personalised medicine in
endometrial cancer. Finally, Brown and Naumann described what the future of the
management of patients with endometrial cancer might look like, which clinical trials
are needed, and which advancements in research they would like to see.
Role of multidisciplinary team in management of unresectable HCC: Opportunities that exist today
Authors: Shveykin A. O. , Kanner D. Yu.
Published: October 2023

Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is one of the most common and, at the same time, little-known gastrointestinal oncopathologies in wide clinical practice. HCC ranks 5th in the world in the structure of oncological morbidity and 3rd in cancer mortality. HCC accounts for 70–85 % of all primary liver tumors. The involvement of doctors from various specialties is considered the most effective approach to cancer treatment in today’s dynamic and complex healthcare system. One of the nosologies where the introduction and application of a multidisciplinary consultation system is extremely important is HCC, because a large number of clinicians of various specialties are involved in the treatment of these patients. The effectiveness of an interdisciplinary approach in patients with HCC has been confirmed by clinical studies. However, the creation of such multidisciplinary consultations for patients with HCC has quite objective difficulties: A low percentage of curable patients at the time of detection of this disease and diagnosis, either due to the initially disseminated tumor process, or due to the initially low functional status of these patients. Overcoming these obstacles and creating such teams, their wide replication and integration into clinical practice will increase the number of patients detected at earlier stages and naturally improve the immediate and long-term results of treatment of such patients
Treatment of patients with progression of primary cerebral ependymomas in adults
Authors: Sarycheva M. M. , Vazhenin A. V. , Mozerova E. Ya.
Published: October 2023

The aim of this work is to evaluate the results of treatment of patients with progression of primary cerebral ependyma in adults. The study included 10 patients who have been hospitalized at the Chelyabinsk Regional Center for Oncology and Nuclear Medicine since 2016 to 2022. The mean age of the patients was 33.0 ± 11.21 years. In 60 % (n = 6) progression of grade 3 ependymoma was diagnosed, in 40 % (n = 4) relapse of grade 2 ependymoma was noted. All patients were female. The mean time to recurrence was 29.6 months (from 11 to 44 months). According to the method of relapse treatment, in 60 % (n = 6) of cases patients received monochemotherapy with temozolomide, 20 % (n = 2) of patients underwent stereotaxic radiotherapy on the CyberKnife device with a single focal dose (SOD) of 5.5 Gy in five fractions, before summing up the total focal dose (SOD) of 27.5 Gy, two patients underwent repeated external beam radiation therapy in the traditional mode of fractionation with SOD 40 Gy. The median overall survival (OS) for all patients was 48 months. Indicators of 1-year OR were 100 %, 2-year – 83.3 %, 3-year – 50 %. The median progression-free survival was 20 months. In the neurological status after the completion of the special treatment, a decrease in motor deficit and one aphatic disorder was noted.
Breast fibrosarcoma (case study)
Authors: Khakimova G. G. , Orifjonova G. P. , Khakimova Sh. G.
Published: October 2023

Breast fibrosarcoma is a rare tumor and accounts for less than 1 % of malignant breast tumors. This article describes a case of breast sarcoma in a 32-year-old patient who developed a rapidly growing malignant breast fibrosarcoma with a diameter of more than 30 cm. The young age of the patient and the use of all methods of treatment (surgical treatment; radiation therapy; chemotherapy) make this case special.
Havayolları İşletmelerinde Misyon, Vizyon Beyanları ve Değer İfadelerinin İçerik Analizi
Authors: ÇUBUKCU Murat
Published: October 2023

Yoğun bir rekabetin olduğu havayolları sektöründe havayolu işletmeleri, diğer işletmelerden çok daha fazla kuralları olan ve standart prosedürleri olan bir sektörde faaliyetlerini sürdürmek zorundadırlar. İşletmelerde önemli bir stratejik yönetim aracı olarak misyon ve vizyon beyanlarına hem literatürde hem de uygulamada önem atfedilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, önceki çalışmalardan elde edilen bulguları güncellemek için literatür taraması ile mevcut Türkiye’deki ve dünyadaki havayolu işletmelerindeki misyon, vizyon beyanlarının ve değer ifadelerinin içeriğini incelemektir. Bu amaçla ulusal ve uluslararası literatür taraması çerçevesinde havayolu işletmelerinin misyon, vizyon beyanlarının ve değer ifadelerinin içerik analizine odaklanmıştır. Kasti örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilen havayolu işletmelerinin misyon, vizyon beyanları ve değer ifadelerinin analizi için içerik analizi yöntemine başvurulmuştur. Türkiye’de ve dünya genelinde faaliyet gösteren havayolu işletmelerin misyon, vizyon beyanları ve değer ifadelerinde en çok kullanılan kavramların emniyet ve güvenilirlik, yenilik, küresellik, liderlik ve ekip çalışması olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Un caso de carcinoma testicular
Authors: Garmendia-Lorena Fausto
Published: October 2023

El adenocarcinoma de testículo suele presentarse en varones de 20 a 35, pese a su baja incidencia se debe efectuar una búsqueda temprana para aplicar el tratamiento respectivo con la finalidad de reducir la morbi-morbilidad.
El Fenómeno El Niño y su impacto en la salud
Authors: Morales-Soto Nelson Raúl
Published: October 2023

Según Naciones Unidas, entre los años 2000 al 2019, se registraron en el mundo 7,348 grandes desastres que ocasionaron la muerte de 1.23 millones de personas y afectaron otros 4.2 mil millones, la pérdida económicapromedió US$ 2.97 billones. Estas cifras casi duplican las del período precedente. Genera una preocupación especial el fuerte incremento de eventos de origen climático: 3,656 entre 1980-1999 vs. 6,681 entre 2000-2009. Las inundaciones mayores se elevaron de 1,389 a 3,254 siendo, con las tormentas, las más frecuentes, seguidas de sequías, incendios forestales y temperaturas extremas.
Development of a 3D map of city of Quy nho’n of Bindin province, R. Vietnam
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Mining University, Kopylova N. S.
Published: October 2023

The article discusses various sources of cartographic information for creating three-dimensional maps with full assignment of metric and semantic characteristics to each object, complete filing, application, storage of attribute data in the form of a database, an algorithm for creating maps is presented in the form of block diagrams. A smart storage and management system through a system of language queries is carried out in SQL. As the main software environment, in which the processing of cartographic materials was carried out, was the geoinformation system GIS "Panorama". The resulting design solutions are presented in the form of vector graphics and visualized in 3D space. It is concluded that against the background of the growing volume of spatial information about terrain objects, structuring and storing information, including cartographic materials, is an important aspect in the effective use of data for making decisions of different levels.
Learn.Design.Bio.K12: A workshop report on connecting computing and biodesign in K-12 education.
Authors: Kafai Yasmin , Hogan Karen , Telhan Orkan , Walker Justice
Published: October 2023

The last decade has seen exponential growth in engineering and design biologies (also: synthetic biology, biodesign) and their applications. These developments have critical implications for education and its role in shaping future generations of innovators and critically engaged citizens, all of whom will be responsible for using and stewarding these biotechnologies. This report draws on discussions that took place over the last two years during a series of workshop meetings and public panels in which biologists and science educators, artists and designers, and computer and learning scientists came together to examine three critical areas: the way we can think about biology and design, the role computational metaphors can assume in biodesign, and approaches and tools of biodesign for K-12 education. We have identified several directions for future work, among them the development of (1) conceptual integrations between biodesign and computation for disciplinary connections; (2) tools and designs that will make biodesign understandable and accessible for K-12 students; (3) learning environments in community labs, classrooms, science centers, and homes that will provide access to tools, activities, and support; (4) professional activities and curriculum for teachers on how best to introduce activities in classrooms; and (5) critical biodesign literacies for K-12 students that will promote conceptual understanding and skills as well as critical perspectives on biodesign. We also provide an annotated reading list for those interested in exploring these new applications of biology.
MYC function and regulation in physiological perspective
Authors: Jha Rajiv Kumar , Kouzine Fedor , Levens David
Published: October 2023

MYC, a key member of the Myc-proto-oncogene family, is a universal transcription amplifier that regulates almost every physiological process in a cell including cell cycle, proliferation, metabolism, differentiation, and apoptosis. MYC interacts with several cofactors, chromatin modifiers, and regulators to direct gene expression. MYC levels are tightly regulated, and deregulation of MYC has been associated with numerous diseases including cancer. Understanding the comprehensive biology of MYC under physiological conditions is an utmost necessity to demark biological functions of MYC from its pathological functions. Here we review the recent advances in biological mechanisms, functions, and regulation of MYC. We also emphasize the role of MYC as a global transcription amplifier.
Influence of standard modifiable risk factors on ventricular tachycardia after myocardial infarction
Authors: Deshmukh Tejas , Kovoor Joshua G. , Byth Karen , Chow Clara K. , Zaman Sarah , Chong James J. H. , Figtree Gemma A. , Thiagalingam Aravinda , Kovoor Pramesh
Published: October 2023

Background

Inducible ventricular tachycardia (VT) at electrophysiology study (EPS) predicts sudden cardiac death because of ventricular tachyarrhythmia, the single greatest cause of death within 2 years after myocardial infarction (MI).

Objectives

We aimed to assess the association between standard modifiable risk factors (SMuRFs) and inducible VT at EPS early after MI.

Methods

Consecutive patients with left ventricle ejection fraction ≤40% on days 3–5 after ST elevation MI (STEMI) who underwent EPS were prospectively recruited. Positive EPS was defined as induced sustained monomorphic VT cycle length ≥200 ms for ≥10 s or shorter if hemodynamically compromised. The primary outcome was inducibility of VT at EPS, and the secondary outcome was all-cause mortality on follow-up.

Results

In 410 eligible patients undergoing EPS soon (median of 9 days) after STEMI, 126 had inducible VT. Ex-smokers experienced an increased risk of inducible VT [multivariable logistic regression adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.0, p = 0.033] compared with current or never-smokers, with comparable risk. The presence of any SMuRFs apart from being a current smoker conferred an increased risk of inducible VT (adjusted OR 1.9, p = 0.043). Neither the number of SMuRFs nor the presence of any SMuRFs was associated with mortality at a median follow-up of 5.4 years.

Conclusions

In patients with recent STEMI and impaired left ventricular function, the presence of any SMuRFs, apart from being a current smoker, conferred an increased risk of inducible VT at EPS. These results highlight the need to modify SMuRFs in this high-risk subset of patients.
Phenotypic plasticity of male calls in two populations of the katydid Neoconocephalus triops (Insecta: Tettigoniidae)
Authors: Beckers Oliver M. , Kijimoto Teiya , Schul Johannes
Published: October 2023

The ability to respond to environmental changes plays a crucial role for coping with environmental stressors related to climate change. Substantial changes in environmental conditions can overcome developmental homeostasis, exposing cryptic genetic variation. The katydid Neoconocephalus triops is a tropical species that extended its range to the more seasonal environment of North America where it has two reproductive generations per year. The harsher winter conditions required adults to diapause which resulted in substantially different mating calls of the diapausing winter animals compared to the non-overwintering summer animals in northern Florida. The summer call corresponds to that of tropical populations, whereas the winter call represents the alternative call phenotype. We quantified call plasticity in a tropical (Puerto Rico) and a temperate population of N. triops (Florida) that differ in experiencing winter conditions in their geographic regions. We hypothesized that the plastic call traits, i.e., double-pulse rate and call structure, are regulated independently. Further, we hypothesized that phenotypic plasticity of double-pulse rate results in quantitative changes, whereas that of call structure in qualitative changes. We varied the photoperiod and duration of diapause during male juvenile and adult development during rearing and analyzed the double-pulse rate and call structure of the animals. Double-pulse rate changed in a quantitative fashion in both populations and significant changes appeared at different developmental points, i.e., the double-pulse rate slowed down during juvenile development in Florida, whereas during adult diapause in Puerto Rico. In the Florida population, both the number of males producing and the proportion of total call time covered by the alternative call structure (= continuous calls) increased with duration spent in diapause. In the Puerto Rico population, expression of the alternative call structure was extremely rare. Our results suggest that the expression of both pulse rate and call structure was quantitative and not categorical. Our systematic variation of environmental variables demonstrated a wide range of phenotypic variation that can be induced during development. Our study highlights the evolutionary potential of hidden genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity when confronted with rapidly changing environments and their potential role in providing variation necessary for communication systems to evolve.
Cattle-derived knob paratopes grafted onto peripheral loops of the IgG1 Fc region enable the generation of a novel symmetric bispecific antibody format
Authors: Yanakieva Desislava , Vollmer Lena , Evers Andreas , Siegmund Vanessa , Arras Paul , Pekar Lukas , Doerner Achim , Valldorf Bernhard , Kolmar Harald , Zielonka Stefan , Krah Simon
Published: October 2023

In this work we present a novel symmetric bispecific antibody format based on engraftments of cattle-derived knob paratopes onto peripheral loops of the IgG1 Fc region. For this, knob architectures obtained from bovine ultralong CDR-H3 antibodies were inserted into the AB loop or EF loop of the CH3 domain, enabling the introduction of an artificial binding specificity into an IgG molecule. We demonstrate that inserted knob domains largely retain their binding affinities, resulting into bispecific antibody derivatives versatile for effector cell redirection. Essentially, generated bispecifics demonstrated adequate biophysical properties and were not compromised in their Fc mediated functionalities such as FcRn or FcγRIIIa binding.