bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genotypic diversity of multi- and pre-extremely drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Morocco
Authors: Oudghiri Amal , Momen Ghizlane , Aainouss Achraf , Laglaoui Amin , El Messaoudi My Driss , El Mzibri Mohammed , Chaoui Imane
Published: July 2021

In Morocco, the prevalence of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) continues to increase especially within previously treated cases; these MDR cases may evolve to extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) raising major concern to TB control programs. From an epidemiological window, scarce informations are available about the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strains fueling these forms of resistance. The aim of this study was to assess to genetic diversity of MDR-MTB strains. Hence, this prospective study was conducted on patients diagnosed with MDR-TB at Pasteur Institute of Casablanca from 2010 to 2013. A total of 70 MDR-MTB isolates were genotyped by spoligotyping and 15-loci MIRU-VNTR methods. Spoligotyping generated four orphan patterns, five unique profiles whereas 61 strains were grouped in nine clusters (2 to 25 strains per cluster), the clustering rates being 87.1%. Subtyping by 15 loci MIRU-VNTR splitted all clusters already established by spoligotyping and generated 70 unique profiles not recognized in SITVIT2 database; clustering rate was equal to zero. HGDI analysis of 15 loci MIRU demonstrated that eight out of 15 loci were highly discriminant. Of note, all pre-XDR strains belongs to many clades, meaning that there no association between gyrA mutants and particular clade. Overall, the data generated by this study (i) describe the population structure of MDR MTBC in Morocco which is highly homogenous, (ii) confirm that TB in Morocco is almost exclusively transmitted by modern and evolutionary lineages with high level of biodiversity seen by MIRU, and (iii) validate the use of optimized 15-loci MIRU-VNTR format for future investigations in Morocco.
Registered Report Protocol: Survey on attitudes and experiences regarding preregistration in psychological research
Authors: Spitzer Lisa , Mueller Stefanie
Published: July 2021

Background

Preregistration, the open science practice of specifying and registering details of a planned study prior to knowing the data, increases the transparency and reproducibility of research. Large-scale replication attempts for psychological results yielded shockingly low success rates and contributed to an increasing demand for open science practices among psychologists. However, preregistering one’s studies is still not the norm in the field. Here, we propose a study to explore possible reasons for this discrepancy.

Methods

In a mixed-methods approach, an online survey will be conducted, assessing attitudes, motivations, and perceived obstacles with respect to preregistration. Participants will be psychological researchers that will be recruited by scanning research articles on Web of Science, PubMed, PSYNDEX, and PsycInfo, and preregistrations on OSF Registries (targeted sample size:N= 296). Based on the theory of planned behavior, we predict that positive attitudes (moderated by the perceived importance of preregistration) as well as a favorable subjective norm and higher perceived behavioral control positively influence researchers’ intention to preregister (hypothesis 1). Furthermore, we expect an influence of research experience on attitudes and perceived motivations and obstacles regarding preregistration (hypothesis 2). We will analyze these hypotheses with multiple regression models, and will include preregistration experience as control variable.
Admission systolic blood pressure as a prognostic predictor of acute decompensated heart failure: A report from the KCHF registry
Authors: Kawase Yuichi , Kato Takao , Morimoto Takeshi , Hata Reo , Murai Ryosuke , Tada Takeshi , Katoh Harumi , Kadota Kazushige , Yamamoto Erika , Yaku Hidenori , Inuzuka Yasutaka , Tamaki Yodo , Ozasa Neiko , Yoshikawa Yusuke , Iguchi Moritake , Nagao Kazuya , Sato Yukihito , Kuwahara Koichiro , Kimura Takeshi
Published: July 2021

Background

Admission systolic blood pressure has emerged as a predictor of postdischarge outcomes of patients with acute decompensated heart failure; however, its validity in varied clinical conditions of this patient subset is unclear. The aim of this study was to further explore the prognostic value of admission systolic blood pressure in patients with acute decompensated heart failure.

Methods

The Kyoto Congestive Heart Failure (KCHF) registry is a prospective, observational, multicenter cohort study enrolling consecutive patients with acute decompensated heart failure from 19 participating hospitals in Japan. Clinical characteristics at baseline and prognosis were examined by the following value range of admission systolic blood pressure: <100, 100–139, and ≥140 mmHg. The primary outcome measure was defined as all-cause death after discharge. Subgroup analyses were done for prior hospitalization for heart failure, hypertension, left ventricular ejection fraction, and medications at discharge. We excluded patients with acute coronary syndrome or insufficient data.

Results

We analyzed 3564 patients discharged alive out of 3804 patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure. In the entire cohort, lower admission systolic blood pressure was associated with poor outcomes (1-year cumulative incidence of all-cause death: <100 mmHg, 26.8%; 100–139 mmHg, 20.2%; and ≥140 mmHg, 15.1%, p<0.001). The magnitude of the effect of lower admission systolic blood pressure for postdischarge all-cause death was greater in patients with prior hospitalization for heart failure, heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, and β-blocker use at discharge than in those without.

Conclusions

Admission systolic blood pressure is useful for postdischarge risk stratification in patients with acute decompensated heart failure. Its magnitude of the effect as a prognostic predictor may differ across clinical conditions of patients.
The correlation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related gene expression and the clinicopathologic features of colorectal cancer patients in Taiwan
Authors: Dai Yuan-Chang , Fang Chuan-Yin , Yang Hsin-Yi , Jian Yi-Jun , Wang Shou-Chieh , Liu Yi-Wen
Published: July 2021

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. It has been the most prevalent malignancy in Taiwan for consecutive thirteen years. Despite the diversity of its etiologic and pathophysiologic factors, a biological process named as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is indispensable in the progression of epithelial cancer. Our aim is to investigate the correlation between the expression of 8 EMT-related proteins (E-cadherin, β-catenin, claudin-1, CD44, N-cadherin, fibronectin, vimentin, S100A4) and the clinicopathologic features of CRC in Taiwan, along with the DNA CpG epigenetic status of CD44 gene. In immunohistochemical assessment, decreased expression of E-cadherin is statistically associated with the progression of cancer stage, while decreased expression of claudin-1 as well as increased β-catenin nuclear translocation and N-cadherin expression is statistically associated with the progression of histopathologic grade. E-cadherin, nuclear β-catenin and claudin-1 are also associated with other important prognostic factors, including nodal metastasis, tumor deposits, and elevated serum CA 19–9 levels. In addition, the left-sided colon and rectal cancers show increased nuclear translocation of β-catenin compared to the right-sided colon cancers, while the rectal cancers show increased fibronectin expression compared to the right-sided and left-sided colon cancers. Moreover, vimentin is aberrantly expressed in one case of signet-ring cell carcinoma. The DNA methylation levels of CD44 gene promoter between the tumoral and non-tumorous tissues by NGS comparison showed statistical difference on six CpG sites. However, such difference may not be sufficient because these DNA methylation proportions are too low to inactivate CD44 gene. Our results demonstrate the expression of E-cadherin, claudin-1, and nuclear β-catenin is closely related to the clinicopathologic prognostic determinants of CRC in Taiwan. The DNA methylation level of CD44 gene and its protein expression, however, show no correlation with the clinicopathologic features in CRC.
Does greater patient involvement in healthcare decision-making affect malpractice complaints? A large case vignette survey
Authors: Birkeland Søren , Bismark Marie , Barry Michael J. , Möller Sören
Published: July 2021

Background

Although research findings consistently find poor communication about medical procedures to be a key predictor of patient complaints, compensation claims, and malpractice lawsuits (“complaints”), there is insufficient evidence to determine if greater patient involvement could actually affect the inclination to complain.

Objectives

We conducted an experimental case vignette survey that explores whether greater patient involvement in decision-making is likely to influence the intention to complain given different decisions and consequences.

Methods

Randomized, national case vignette survey with various levels of patient involvement, decisions, and outcomes in a representative Danish sample of men. We used prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening in men aged 45 to 70 years as the intervention illustrated in 30 different versions of a mock clinical encounter. Versions differed in the amount of patient involvement, the decision made (PSA test or no PSA test), and the clinical outcomes (no cancer detected, detection of treatable cancer, and detection of non-treatable cancer). We measured respondents’ inclination to complain about care in response to the scenarios on a 5-point Likert scale (from 1: very unlikely to 5: very likely).

Results

The response rate was 30% (6,756 of 22,288). Across all scenarios, the likelihood of complaint increased if the clinical outcome was poor (untreatable cancer). Compared with scenarios that involved shared decision-making (SDM), neutral information, or nudging in favor of screening, the urge to complain increased if the patient was excluded from decision-making or if the doctor had nudged the patient to decline screening (mean Likert differences .12 to .16, p < .001). With neutral involvement or nudging in favor of intervention, the desire to complain depended highly on the decision reached and on the patient’s course. This dependence was smaller with SDM.

Conclusions

Greater patient involvement in decision-making appears to be associated with less intention to complain about health care, with SDM resulting in the greatest reduction in complaint likelihood.
The variable prevalence of bovine tuberculosis among dairy herds in Central Ethiopia provides opportunities for targeted intervention
Authors: Almaw Gizat , Conlan Andrew J. K. , Ameni Gobena , Gumi Balako , Alemu Alemseged , Guta Sintayehu , Gebre Solomon , Olani Abebe , Garoma Abebe , Shegu Dereje , Yimesgen Letebrhan , Nigussie Demeke , Wood James L. N. , Abebe Tamrat , Mihret Adane , Berg Stefan ,   the ETHICOBOTS consortium
Published: July 2021

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an important disease for dairy productivity, as well as having the potential for zoonotic transmission. Previous prevalence studies of bTB in the dairy sector in central Ethiopia have suggested high prevalence, however, they have been limited to relatively small scale surveys, raising concerns about their representativeness. Here we carried out a cross sectional one-stage cluster sampling survey taking the dairy herd as a cluster to estimate the prevalence of bTB in dairy farms in six areas of central Ethiopia. The survey, which to date is by far the largest in the area in terms of the number of dairy farms, study areas and risk factors explored, took place from March 2016 to May 2017. This study combined tuberculin skin testing and the collection of additional herd and animal level data by questionnaire to identify potential risk factors contributing to bTB transmission. We applied the single intradermal cervical comparative tuberculin (SICCT) test using >4mm cut-off for considering an individual animal as positive for bTB; at least one reactor animal was required for a herd to be considered bTB positive. Two hundred ninety-nine dairy herds in the six study areas were randomly selected, from which 5,675 cattle were tested. The overall prevalence of bTB after standardisation for herd-size in the population was 54.4% (95% CI 48.7–60%) at the herd level, and it was 24.5% (95% CI 23.3–25.8) at the individual animal level. A Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) with herd and area as random effect was used to explore risk factors association with bTB status. We found that herd size, age, bTB history at farm, and breed were significant risk factors for animals to be SICCT positive. Animals from large herds had 8.3 times the odds of being tuberculin reactor (OR: 8.3, p-value:0.008) as compared to animals from small herds. The effect of age was strongest for animals 8–10 years of age (the oldest category) having 8.9 times the odds of being tuberculin reactors (OR: 8.9, p-value:<0.001) compared to the youngest category. The other identified significant risk factors were bTB history at farm (OR: 5.2, p-value:0.003) and cattle breed (OR: 2.5, p-value: 0.032). Our study demonstrates a high prevalence of bTB in central Ethiopia but with a large variation in within-herd prevalence between herds, findings that lays an important foundation for the future development of control strategies.
Relationship between average daily rehabilitation time and decline in instrumental activity of daily living among older patients with heart failure: A preliminary analysis of a multicenter cohort study, SURUGA-CARE
Authors: Kato Michitaka , Mori Yuji , Watanabe Daisuke , Onoda Hiroshige , Fujiyama Keita , Toda Masahiro , Kito Kazuya
Published: July 2021

Background

Limitation of instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) is independently associated with an adverse prognosis in older heart failure (HF) patients.

Aims

This multicenter study aims to examine the relationship between average daily rehabilitation time (ADRT) and risk of IADL decline during acute hospitalization in older patients with HF.

Methods

Four hundred eleven older patients who were hospitalized due to acute HF and underwent rehabilitation were divided into three groups based on the tertile of the ADRT: short, intermediate, and long groups. IADL was assessed by the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Activities of Daily Living (NCGG-ADL) scale. Change in NCGG-ADL (Δ NCGG-ADL) was calculated by subtracting the pre-hospitalization score from the at-discharge score and IADL decline was defined as Δ NCGG-ADL < = −1 point. Logistic regression analysis was carried out examining the association between ADRT and occurrence of IADL decline.

Results

The ADRT was 23.9, 32.0, and 38.6 minutes in short, intermediate, and long group, respectively. The proportion of patients with IADL decline during hospitalization was 21% among all subjects and short group had the highest proportion of IADL decline (33%) and long group had the lowest proportion (14%). The long group had significantly lower odds of IADL decline compared with the short group (OR:0.475, 95% CI:0.231–0.975, P = 0.042). Among the items of NCGG-ADL scale, significant decreases in the “go out by oneself”, “travel using a bus or train”, “shop for necessities”, “vacuum”, and “manage medication” were observed at discharge compared to pre-hospitalization in the short group (p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.05, and p<0.05).

Conclusions

The present study demonstrated that short of ADRT may be associated with the risk of IADL decline during hospitalization in older patients with HF.
Oxytetracycline-hydrocortisone ointment reduces the occurrence of both dry socket and post-extraction pain after third molar extraction: An observational study
Authors: Otake Hiroki , Sato Yoko , Nakatani Eiji , Hawke Philip , Takei Shingo , Ogino Akihiko , Asai Hideaki , Abe Atsushi , Fukuta Kohta , Adachi Moriyasu
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Dry socket and post-extraction pain are typical discomforts experienced by patients after tooth extraction. In this study, we inserted gauze coated with oxytetracycline-hydrocortisone ointment into the extraction socket immediately after lower third molar extraction and then evaluated the occurrence of dry socket and post-extraction pain compared with gauze non-insertion.

Methods

This retrospective study was carried out on patients undergoing lower third molar extraction in the Department of Oral Surgery at Shizuoka Prefectural General Hospital in Shizuoka, Japan from November 2018 to October 2019. A comparison was carried out between a gauze-insertion group and a non-insertion group. The occurrence versus non-occurrence of dry socket was determined, and degree of pain was assessed based on a visual analogue scale (VAS) and on patients reporting the number of loxoprofen sodium oral analgesic tablets (60mg/tablet) that they had taken. Dry socket was defined as patient-reported spontaneous pain that did not subside 1 to 3 days postoperatively. Spontaneous post-extraction pain was recorded four times: on the operative day, on the first postoperative day (POD1), on POD3, and during suture removal (POD7).

Results

The occurrence of dry socket was lower in the gauze-insertion group than in the non-insertion group (0.9%, 2/215 vs. 19.6%, 9/46, p<0.001). The results also showed that both VAS-defined pain level and the number of analgesic tablets taken were lower in the gauze-insertion group than in the non-insertion group on POD3 and POD7.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Inserting gauze coated with oxytetracycline-hydrocortisone ointment into the extraction socket immediately after third molar extraction reduces the occurrence of both dry socket and post-extraction pain.
Is pedagogical training an essential requirement for inclusive education? The case of faculty members in the area of Social and Legal Sciences in Spain
Authors: Lopez-Gavira Rosario , Orozco Inmaculada , Doménech Ana
Published: July 2021

Introduction

This study investigates the profiles of 25 faculty members of the area of Social and Legal Sciences, from seven Spanish universities, who were selected by students with disabilities. Specifically, the aim of this paper is to understand why, despite their lack of pedagogical and disability training, they are considered to be inclusive faculty members.

Objective

For this purpose, we analysed the professional characteristics of these academics, their conceptions about disability, what actions they carry out to provide an inclusive response and how they consider that the current situation of university students with disabilities could be improved.

Methods

Semi-structured individual interviews were used to collect the data. Subsequently, a progressive analysis of the data was performed, using an inductive system of categories and codes.

Results and conclusions

The results show that these faculty are responsible, involved and committed to their teaching performance. Moreover, they regard reasonable adjustments as a fundamental requirement to handle the different needs of students with disabilities. This paper–which can also be useful for faculty and researchers in other areas of knowledge–comes to the conclusion that training is relevant for becoming an inclusive faculty member. Nevertheless, good will and eagerness to do one’s job properly are even more important aspects.
Ventilação mecânica
Authors: Ghiggi Karine Cristina , Audino Lázaro Fagundes , Almeida Guilherme Brandão
Published: July 2021

A ventilação mecânica é uma modalidade de suporte de vida avançado essencial para pacientes que evoluem para quadros graves. Quando empregado como ferramenta de diagnóstico, o ventilador fornece dados sobre a conformidade estática do sistema respiratório e a resistência das vias aéreas. O cenário clínico e os dados obtidos do ventilador permitem ao clínico fornecer ventilação mecânica invasiva eficaz e segura através da manipulação das configurações do ventilador. O conhecimento dos conceitos básicos e da utilização prática da ventilação mecânica é indispensável para médicos que pretendem trabalhar nas áreas de emergência e medicina intensiva. Este capítulo tem por objetivo apresentar os conceitos básicos da ventilação mecânica e correlacionar com a mecânica ventilatória do paciente.
Identifying a Convergence between Non-Financial Information and Islamic Accounting for Islamic Decision Usefulness: A Review and Synthesis
Authors: Qizam Ibnu
Published: July 2021

This study aims to explore a framework of developing the Islamic decision usefulness (IDU) concept through a review of non-financial information and Islamic accounting under the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) literature for convergence and the extent to which this convergence will inspire future empirical-research opportunities for the increased Islamic decision usefulness (IIDU). Exploring and delineating historically non-financial information literature to be linked with Islamic accounting trends through content analysis, this study suggests that decision usefulness of non-financial information has flourished from being complementary to the strategic role of information, adopting the ideas of creating shared value (CSV), and sustainable value-creation (SVC). To this point, the enhancement of decision usefulness emitted from non-financial information and Islamic accounting literature points to the same pole (convergence), exposing the firms’ relevant-sustainable shared-value for 3Ps (profit, people, and planet) blended with Islamic accounting concepts, whereby welcoming many future empirical-research opportunities for the increased Islamic decision usefulness (IIDU).
Tourist Perceptions on Brand Equity for Authentic Product: Specific Case of Traditional Culinary in Karawang, West Java
Authors: YUSUF Abdul , MUSLIHAT Asep , FADILI Dadan A.
Published: July 2021

The research is aimed to obtain a comprehensive description of brand equity of authentic-culinary product which is (roasted fish wrapped in a banana leaf) that is mostly found in Karawang as the original culinary food. The samples of this research are the visitors of tourism destinations in Karawang who come to traditional restaurants serving the traditional food. Factor analysis is used as data analysis technique to find determinant factors of this research object. In overall, brand equity of traditional culinary food has better level compared to its awareness and loyalty level. As a matter of fact, the customer trust of traditional restaurant is still in unpromising level. In other hands, all of the brand equity dimensions have significant causality level in creating brand equity. Image and trust become strong and significant dimensions in making loyalty.
Travel Bubble Policy Supporting between Thailand and Laos: Evidence from Tourist Market Integration Testing
Authors: CHUSAKUL Wisitsiri , NONTHAPOT Sakkarin
Published: July 2021

This paper examines international tourist market integration for international tourists from China, Japan, Malaysia, Korea and USA visiting Thailand and Laos for supporting the travel bubble policy. These are being integrated to be offered as a single destination, using quarterly data from 2001 to 2019. The cointegration test of the ARDL approach assesses the number of international tourists. The results of the research show that the tourism markets of Thailand and Laos are integrated. In the short run, international tourists from China and Malaysia who visit Laos also visit Thailand.  Bi-directional causality was evident for tourists from Japan, Korea and the USA. For long run causality, tourists from Japan, Malaysia, Korea and the USA who visit Laos also visit Thailand. Therefore, we can confirm that both Thailand and Laos follow the single destination policy and both countries are complementary tourism destinations for international tourists. Therefore, this study confirms that Thailand and Laos can be launch the travel bubble policy. The Thailand and Laos governments should target tourism markets by travel bubble policy with special protocols that is designed to improve competitiveness or to enhance tourism market efficiency.
A Cluster Analysis of Tourist Sites in the Regions of Kazakhstan
Authors: ASKEYEV Abylkair , BAIZHOLOVA Raissa
Published: July 2021

Natural and cultural sites is a basic elements of tourism development in all over the world. Kazakhstan has a significant number of objects of nature reserve fund and the historical and cultural heritage, which, along with the development of health-improving, ecological, ski tourism, also contribute to the development of ethnographic, gastronomic, cultural and educational and other types of tourism. The purpose of the study is to identify traits of the most attractive tourist destinations, as well as to study the degree of importance of natural, cultural and dual (natural and cultural) sites for target consumers. In this regard, a comparative analysis of the level of tourism development in 14 regions of Kazakhstan was carried out, using a two-step cluster analysis, the degree of significance of three types of sites for target consumers was determined. The findings of the analysis suggest that the Akmola, Almaty, East Kazakhstan and Karaganda regions are in the greatest demand among tourists. Along with this, natural sites are the most important determinants of tourism, cultural sites are the least important. Thus, tourists in Kazakhstan are more attracted by regions with a rich natural reserve fund than by historical and cultural heritage. In this regard, it is proposed to pay more attention to promoting the cultural sites of Kazakhstan. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study that analyses 14 regions of Kazakhstan according to their basic tourism characteristics, identifies attractions that are underutilized, and proposes strategies to identify opportunities for the tourism industry in Kazakhstan. In this regard, its results can be very useful in justifying the feasibility of implementing the relevant regional initiatives and making a decision to reorient the efforts of interested government agencies to develop alternative types of tourism.
Measuring Revisit Intention of Domestic Tourists in Langkawi UNESCO Global Geopark, Malaysia: A Road to Sustainable Tourism
Authors: YUSOF Mohd Fadil Mohd , KAMARUDIN Lina Munirah , PATWARY Ataul Karim , MOHAMED Ahmad Edwin
Published: July 2021

Domestic tourism in Malaysia has contributed significantly to the country's economy and made a sustainable impact on the tourism industry. Langkawi is one of the most visited tourists' attractions in Malaysia which is well-known for island tourism and Geotourism. This study explores the relationship of tourists' motivation, destination brand engagement and domestic tourists' revisit intention in Langkawi UNESCO Global Geopark, Malaysia. The study also examined the mediating role of destination brand management and destination trust between tourists motivation and revisit intention. This study used a quantitative approach to explore the relationships among dependent, independent and intervening variables. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed, and 212 usable questionnaires returned and utilised for further analysis. For analysis purpose, the researchers decided to utilise SPSS version 25.0 for descriptive statistics and PLS-SEM version 3 for inferential analysis. The results found that tourists' motivation significantly influences destination brand engagement and destination trust for a direct relationship. Results also found that destination brand engagement and destination trust significantly affect tourists' revisit intention in Geopark Langkawi, Malaysia.
Biodiversity of Birds in Urban Green Space for Support Ecotourism activities in Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University Thailand
Authors: BORUAH Ichangdaw , HASIN Sasitorn , POPRADIT Ananya , SAWASDEE Vanatpornratt , CHEENTAM SOONTAREE
Published: July 2021

Bird watching is one of the attractive ecotourism activities for travelers and nature enthusiasts, which rapidly growing in Thailand. This study aims to: (1) explore bird diversity in various green spaces in ValayaAlongkorn Rajabhat University (VRU); and (2) examine which bird species dominates the study areas. Bird data were collected using point count techniques in two sessions; early morning, and late afternoon, at VRU from May 2020 to April 2021. Frequency of occurrence value (FQ) was analyzed for classifying status groups of birds in the VRU. Order Passeriformes was numerically the dominant order in our study area, with 22 species (47.7% of total represented species), while the other bird orders were the least dominant, represented by 1 to 5 species in range. A total of 47 species of birds belonging to 29 Families and 12 Orders were recorded. During this study, significantly, the highest bird richness was recorded in agriculture areas (35 ± 2.3 SD), followed by the species from recreation areas (27 ± 1.8 SD) and natural wetland (17 ± 1.7 SD) (P>0.05). Five migrant bird species and 35 resident species were observed, and 10 bird species were recorded in both the seasonal status as migrant and resident species. Most of the bird species are listed as of least concern, while only one species, Mycteria leucocephala, are listed as near-threatened. Nine bird species are classified as common species in the VRU with > 80 % of frequency of occurrence. The pattern of bird diversity in the VRU in general follows the natural condition of green area space in the VRU. Typical characteristics of birds, their habitat and appearing period can develop bird-watching objects, which become interesting attractions for travelers and nature enthusiasts, promoting ecotourism development and efforts to conserve bird diversity.
IMPLEMENTASI KRIPTOGRAFI KURVA ELIPTIK ELGAMAL DI LAPANGAN GALOIS PRIMA PADA PROSES ENKRIPSI DAN DEKRIPSI BERBANTUAN SOFTWARE PYTHON
Authors: Latifah Ummu Wachidatul , Prasetyo Puguh Wahyu
Published: July 2021

Perkembangan teknologi memberikan dampak terhadap kemajuan di segala bidang kehidupan manusia terutama dalam bidang informasi. Hal ini memberikan dampak positif dan negatif. Salah satu dampak positifnya adalah mudahnya bertukar informasi dari yang bersifat umum atau rahasia melalui internet. Dampak negatifnya adalah data yang bersifat rahasia menjadi kurang aman dan dapat disalahgunakan oleh pihak yang tidak berwenang. Kriptografi kurva eliptik El-Gamal (ECC: Eliptic Curve Cryptosystem) memberikan solusi untuk keamanan suatu informasi. ECC merupakan salah satu metode kriptografi kunci publik yang mempunyai tingkat keamanan tinggi dibandingkan dengan algoritma kunci publik lainnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memahami konsep kriptografi kurva eliptik El-Gamal yang akan didefinisikan di Galois field prima. Hasil dari penelitian ini, yaitu penggunaan kurva eliptik El-Gamal di Galois field prima untuk proses pembentukan kunci, proses enkripsi dan proses dekripsi pada suatu data dengan menggunakan Python.
Hubungan Safety Promotion dengan Perilaku Aman pada Pekerja Konstruksi Proyek Pembangunan
Authors: Andriyadi Yakub , Setyowati Dina Lusiana , Ifroh Riza Hayati
Published: July 2021

Background: As much as 88% of work accidents are caused by unsafe behavior. Encouraging a safety culture through a behavior-based safety approach could prevent work accidents. PT X's Mulawarman University building construction project reporting from June 2018 to November 2019, there were 13 accidents. It is crucial to encourage a behavior-based safety approach by promoting occupational safety and health to prevent accidents in the workplace. The research objective was to determine the relationship between safety promotion consisting of safety talk, K3 training, supervision with safe behavior in PT X construction workers, and the Mulawarman University building construction. Method: This study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional method. The population of this study was all employees of PT X, with a sample of 138 workers using probability sampling techniques with a proportionate stratified random sampling method. The data source obtained from a questionnaire that previously tested the validity with a value> 0.361 and reliability with a value of safe behavior (0.892), safety talk (0.920), training (0.920), and supervision (0.739). Bivariate analysis using Spearman Rank test and multivariate analysis using Binary Logistics Regression test (significant level 0.05). Results: The results of this study indicate that there is a relationship between safety promotion which consists of a safety talk (p-value = 0.001), training (pvalue = 0.009) and supervision (p-value = 0.001) with safe behavior in PT X building construction workers. The variable that has the level of influence on the safe behavior of workers is the supervision variable. Therefore, efforts to improve by having a commitment through safety promotion activities and involving workers in implementing safety in the company environment are critical.
Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Sikap terhadap Praktik Pencegahan COVID-19 pada Narapidana
Authors: Muhdar Muhdar , Siagian Heriviyatno Julika , Tulak Grace Tedy , Baeda Abd Gani , Tukatman Tukatman , Mariany Mariany
Published: July 2021

Background: A prison or Detention Center is a closed community with a high risk of COVID-19 transmission. Preventive efforts to disseminate the virus are needed as soon as possible for the safety of assisted residents who have the possibility of conducting social distancing, considering that the number exceeds the ideal capacity of the detention centre. This study aimed to describe the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of assisted residents at Detention Center Class II B Kolaka regarding the COVID-19 Pandemic, which is very important as an evaluation of the condition of the inmates as a closed community and as a consideration for related parties for further local policymaking. Method: This was quantitative research using the cross-sectional design. There were 166 samples in Detention Center Class II B Kolaka. The instrument used was a questionnaire using 20 items. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test. Results: Out of 166 respondents, 92.8% had good knowledge, 87.3% had a confident attitude, 86.7% practised vigilance against the COVID-19 Pandemic. Based on the analysis using Chi-Square, it was found that p-value = 0.000, which means that there is a relationship between the level of knowledge and practice and between the respondent's attitude and practice.
Chromium induced changes in growth and physiological attributes of Chicory (Cichorium intybus L), an important medicinal plant
Authors: Kouser Ashyana , Khan Athar Ali
Published: July 2021

This study was conducted to determine the impact of different concentrations (25, 37.5 and 50 mg kg-1 soil) of chromium (Cr) on growth, photosynthetic pigments, protein content, proline content, activities of antioxidant enzymes and seed yield of Cichorium intybus in a pot experiment. The results revealed that all the Cr treatments significantly (P </= 0.05) reduced the growth, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll and carotenoids contents), protein content and seed yield in C. intybus. The activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and proline content in C. intybus leaves increased significantly (P </= 0.05) with increasing levels of Cr treatments. Cr accumulation was found greater in the roots than in the shoots and enhanced with increasing Cr concentrations. Hence, C. intybus may serve as a bio-meter of Cr in Cr contaminated soils.
Nie ma domu. Krajobraz kulturowy w literaturze (wybrane przykłady)
Authors: Peroń Małgorzata
Published: July 2021

Artykuł obejmuje tematykę związaną z geografią kulturową i jej związkami z literaturą. W spotkaniu tych dziedzin powstają zagadnienia przynależne do geopoetyki,przestrzeni pamięci i narracji o tożsamości. Tekst prezentuje literackie transpozycje przeżyć osób doświadczających wspomnień związanych z utratą domu. Są oneskonfrontowane z rodzinnym krajobrazem. Utwory literackie i osobiste wspomnienia ukazują koncepcję symbolicznego rozumienia krajobrazu (Żeromski, Iwaszkiewicz, Miłosz).Monika Sznajderman w książce Pusty las odtwarza pamięć miejsc, z których ludzie zostali wysiedleni. Głos pisarza staje się głosem strażnika pamięci o ich krzywdzie. Odczytywanie ukrytych w krajobrazie znaczeń prowadzi do odkrywania biografii osobistych i historii narodów i mniejszości etnicznych
Król Maciuś Pierwszy, czyli polska powieść dla dzieci najczęściej tłumaczona na język angielski
Authors: Borodo Michał
Published: July 2021

Artykuł jest próbą przybliżenia czytelnikowi historii polskiej powieści dla dzieci, która doczekała się największej liczby angielskich przekładów. Jest to próba wyjaśnienia, za pomocą nieomawianych wcześniej przykładów, w jaki sposób tłumacze Korczaka potraktowali tekst Króla Maciusia Pierwszego w przekładzie, stosując odmienne strategie tłumaczeniowe. Badany materiał zasługuje na uwagę nie tylko ze względu na to, że pozostawał dotąd jedną z „białych plam” polskiego przekładoznawstwa, ale również dlatego że każdy ze wspomnianych tłumaczy zaakcentował inne pokłady znaczeniowe oryginału, modyfikując go pod względem stylu, organizacji językowej oraz odniesień kulturowych.
Kisch i Pruszyński: o korzyściach i ograniczeniach perspektywy porównawczej w badaniach nad reportażem
Authors: Bednarczuk Monika
Published: July 2021

Reportaż cieszył się dużą popularnością w międzywojennej Europie. Niektórzy reportażyści wywarli znaczący wpływ na rozwój gatunku i zyskali status międzynarodowychcelebrytów, jak Egon Erwin Kisch. Inni, mimo niewątpliwego talentu i świetnego warsztatu, rozpoznawalni są jedynie w swoich krajach, i do tej drugiej grupy należy Ksawery Pruszyński. Artykuł analizuje (niekiedy uderzające) podobieństwa oraz różnice między biografiami i wybranymi tekstami obu autorów. Kisch i Pruszyński nigdy się nie spotkali, są jednak powody, dla których warto podjąć się przeprowadzenia analizy porównawczej. W artykule omówiono ewolucję ich postaw wobec Rosji, uwypuklono miejsca wspólne ich reportaży, zwłaszcza geopolityczne miejsca zapalne ówczesnej Europy, a także pewne zbieżności w zakresie stylu. Artykuł stawia także pytanie, czy Pruszyński mógł słyszeć o Kischu, i rozważa możliwe powody braku zarówno polemicznych, jak i afirmatywnych odniesień do Kischa w wypowiedziach polskiego reportażysty.
Świat w ekfrazach odpominany
Authors: Czyżak Agnieszka
Published: July 2021

Artykuł zawiera analizę istotnych kulturowych i literackich wątków podjętych w książce Kolce Grünewalda. Nie tylko o ekfrazach autorstwa Katarzyny Szewczyk-Haake. Główny cel recenzji to przedstawienie najważniejszych kategorii teoretycznych konstytutywnych dla obszaru badawczego, w obrębie którego Szewczyk-Haake prowadzi swoje poszukiwania, przede wszystkim wielopoziomowych relacji między literaturą a sztukami plastycznymi. Rozpoznania prowadzone w ramach założeń metodologicznych obranych przez badaczkę prowadzą do wniosku, że interpretacja ekfraz we współczesnej poezji nie powinna ograniczać się do analizowania ich estetycznych funkcji, lecz stawać się poszukiwaniem ich wymiaru etycznego oraz sensów egzystencjalnych.
The Works of Marc Chagall in Polish Poetry (from the 1950s to the 1980s)
Authors: Szewczyk-Haake Katarzyna
Published: July 2021

The article presents a profound and artistically very successful phenomenon of the reception of Marc Chagall’s works in Polish poetry form the 1950s to the 1980s. Different from the reception of Chagall in other “Western” literatures (examples discussed in the article derive from French poetry), the Polish reception is marked first of all by the events of the Second World War and the Holocaust. As during the war almost all material and cultural traces of the Jewish presence in Poland were annihilated, the works of Chagall became a point of reference for many poets (e.g. Jerzy Ficowski, Joanna Kulmowa, Janusz S. Pasierb, Tadeusz Śliwiak), enabling them to express a part of Polish culture which was tragically deprived of its own forms of expression and existence.
Sharp conditions on global existence and blow-up in a degenerate two-species and cross-attraction system
Authors: Carrillo Antonio José , Lin Ke
Published: July 2021

We consider a degenerate chemotaxis model with two-species and two-stimuli in dimensiond≥ 3 and find two critical curves intersecting at one point which separate the global existence and blow up of weak solutions to the problem. More precisely, above these curves (i.e. subcritical case), the problem admits a global weak solution obtained by the limits of strong solutions to an approximated system. Based on the second moment of solutions, initial data are constructed to make sure blow up occurs in finite time on and below these curves (i.e. critical and supercritical cases). In addition, the existence or non-existence of minimizers of free energy functional is discussed on the critical curves and the solutions exist globally in time if the size of initial data is small. We also investigate the crossing point between the critical lines in which a refined criteria in terms of the masses is given again to distinguish the dichotomy between global existence and blow up. We also show that the blow ups is simultaneous for both species.
Perspectives on the current state of pre-clerkship clinical reasoning instruction in United States medical schools: a survey of clinical skills course directors
Authors: Gupta Shanu , Jackson Jennifer M. , Appel Joel L. , Ovitsh Robin K. , Oza Sandra K. , Pinto-Powell Roshini , Chow Candace J. , Roussel Danielle
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Clinical reasoning skills are essential for sound medical decision-making. Though many have suggested that clinical reasoning instruction should begin in pre-clerkship curricula, neither pre-clerkship clinical skills director perspectives nor extent of instruction is known. This survey study serves as part of a needs assessment for United States medical school pre-clerkship clinical reasoning curricula.

Methods

United States medical school pre-clerkship clinical skills course directors were surveyed about perceived importance of formal instruction on clinical reasoning concepts, inclusion of these concepts in the curricula, barriers to instruction, and familiarity with clerkship curricula. Results were analyzed using descriptive and analytic statistics. Narrative comments were analyzed qualitatively for themes.

Results

Of 148 directors surveyed, 102 (69%) participated and 89 (60%) completed all closed-ended items. Each clinical reasoning concept was identified as somewhat to extremely important to include in pre-clerkship curricula by 90–99% of respondents. Pre-clerkship curricula included variable degrees of formal instruction for concepts, though most respondents rated their inclusion as moderate or extensive. Perceived importance of teaching most concepts moderately correlated with the degree of inclusion in the curriculum (Spearman’s rho 0.39–0.44). Curricular time constraints and lack of faculty with skills to teach these concepts were the most frequently cited barriers to instruction. Respondents indicated being somewhat 57% (n=54) to extremely 29% (n=27) familiar with clerkship curricula at their institutions.

Conclusions

This study is the first to examine pre-clerkship clinical skills course director perspectives about clinical reasoning instruction and extent of its inclusion in their curricula.
Towards modular and scalable on-board computer architecture
Authors: Kulau Ulf , Herpel Juergen , Qedar Ran , Rosenthal Patrick , Krieger Joachim , Schoen Friedrich , Masar Ivan
Published: July 2021

The demand for satellites and space systems with ever-increasing avionics requirements is constantly growing, whether in the field of satellite communications or earth observation. Traditional architectures for Data Handling Systems (DHS) on satellites are reaching their limits in terms of flexibility, interoperability and reusability, while slowing down the innovation cycle due to costly qualification. With regard to commercial and industrial solutions, it is evident that ‘plug and play’-like systems based on open standards can overcome the above-mentioned disadvantages. For this reason, this paper describes how open standards could affect the architecture of future satellite DHSs. In particular it shows an transition path from the traditional federated architecture to a centralized but modular architecture based on adapted industrial standards.
Analysis of the side effect of QTc interval prolongation in the bedaquiline regimen in drug resistant tuberculosis patients
Authors: Ardhianto Denny , Suharjono  , Soedarsono  , Fatmawati Umi
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Indonesia is one of the top 20 countries with the highest prevalence of drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) worldwide with a percentage of new cases of 2.4% and retreatment of 13%. Bedaquiline (BDQ) is one of the drugs that used in the individual long regimen treating DR-TB. BDQ is also combined with levofloxacin (LFX) and/or clofazimine (CFZ) that can cause QTc interval prolongation. The aim was to study the differences in the use of BDQ regimens to the lengthening of the QTc interval and to study risk factors (diabetes, hypokalemia, sex, BMI, and age) in BDQ regimen.

Methods

This study was an observational retrospective study with a total sampling method, which was conducted at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya. Samples from this study were patients diagnosed with DR-TB at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya in the period of January 2015–December 2019 who used BDQ regimen and met the inclusion criteria. The ECG data were analyzed from the mean of each group (BDQ regimen and risk factors), also analyzed using statistical analysis.

Results

Data obtained from total sample in this study were 73 patients. The most widely used different regimens in this study were the combination of BDQ + LFX by 36 patients (49.3%), BDQ + LFX + CFZ by 16 patients (21.9%), BDQ by 11 patients (15.1%) and BDQ + CFZ 10 patients (13.7%). Out of 73 patients, 52 patients (71.2%) experienced lengthening of the QT interval and grade 1 of QTc interval prolongation occurred in most patients and also the onset was mostly one month after using BDQ regimen. The side effects of QTc interval prolongation from groups of combination and risk factors were no difference in each month (p>0.05).

Conclusions

This study can be concluded that there were no differences in the QTc prolongation between the groups of BDQ regimen (BDQ, BDQ + LFX, BDQ + CFZ and BDQ + LFX + CFZ) and the groups of risk factors.