bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drenaje ácido de rocas en taludes de la Ruta Nacional 27, San José - Caldera, Costa Rica
Authors: Ruiz Paulo , Arauz Alejandro , García Jairo , Villalobos Giorghi , Sedó Ariel , Suárez Carolina
Published: January 2016

Este trabajo se enfoca en determinar, mediante análisis de laboratorio de pH en pasta y geoquímica de aguas superficiales, la existencia de drenaje de ácido de rocas (DAR) en dos taludes de la Ruta Nacional 27, Costa Rica. Los resultados de laboratorio (muestras con pH de hasta 1,5), así como las evidencias físicas observadas en el campo, muestran que efectivamente esta carretera presenta DAR en algunos de sus taludes. El DAR en la ruta está afectando directamente las propiedades químicas y físicas del concreto lanzado que se colocó sobre los taludes, el acero electrosoldado y las cunetas para el manejo de aguas superficiales, ocasionando su colapso y generando un peligro para los usuarios. La importancia de identificar este proceso químico y físico que está alterando los materiales de los taludes en los cortes de la carretera, es fundamental para plantear las medidas correctivas adecuadas y resolver el problema, o al menos minimizar los efectos negativos y su influencia en la inestabilidad de taludes de la ruta.
Sismicidad en Costa Rica durante el 2014
Authors: Porras Juan L. , Linkimer Lepolt , Barquero Rafael , Araya María C. , Rojas Wilfredo , Lücke Oscar H. , Taylor Magda
Published: January 2016

Durante el 2014 la Red Sismológica Nacional (RSN: UCR-ICE) localizó 6836 sismos de los cuales 219 fueron sentidos por la población. Se percibieron en Costa Rica seis sismos con magnitud Mw ≥ 6,0. La mayoría (83%) de los sismos percibidos fueron superficiales (< 30 km) y el 74% tuvo una magnitud (Mw) de entre 3,0 y 4,9. El fallamiento local y regional provocó el 64% de los sismos, seguido por el proceso de subducción de la placa del Coco bajo la placa Caribe y la microplaca de Panamá que originó el 29%. La intensidad máxima observada en el 2014 fue de VI (Mercalli Modificada) en la península de Burica debido al sismo del 8 de diciembre (Mw 6,1) cuyo epicentro se localizó en el oeste de Panamá.
Electroglottographic Measures Based on GCI and GOI Detection Using Multiscale Product
Authors: Bouzid Aicha , Elouze Noureddine
Published: January 2016

This paper deals with glottal parameter estimation such as local pitch and open quotient from electroglottographic signal (EGG). This estimation is based on glottal closing instants and glottal opening instants determined by a multi-scale product of this signal. Wavelet transform of EGG signal is made with a quadratic spline function. Wavelet coefficients calculated on different dyadic scales, show modulus maxima at localized discontinuities of EGG signal. The detected maxima and minima correspond to the glottal opening and closing instants called GOIs and GCIs. To improve the estimate precision, we operate the multi-scale product of wavelet transform coefficients of three successive dyadic scales. This processing enhances edge detection. A Multi-scale product is a nonlinear combination of successive scales; it reduces noise and spurious peaks. We apply cubic root amplitude on the product to improve the representation of weak amplitudes. The method has a good representation of GCI and a best detection of GOI. The method was tested on the Keele University database; it is effective and robust in multiple cases even for a typical signal showing undetermined GOIs and multiple peaks at GCIs. Finally precise measurement of these instants allows accurate estimation of prosodic parameters as local pitch and open quotient.
Learning about Learners: System Learning in Virtual Learning Environment
Authors: Chen Zhengxin
Published: January 2016

Virtual learning is not just about a set of useful IT tools for learning. From an examination on where virtual learning stands in the overall learning spectrum, we point out the important impact of natural computing on virtual learning. We survey and analyze selected literature on important role of natural computing aspects, such as emergence (using swarm intelligence to achieve collective intelligence) and emotion, to virtual learning. In addition, in order to effectively incorporate these aspects into virtual learning, we propose using infrastructural support for virtual learning through system learning: The virtual learning environment not only provides facilities for learners, but also observes the behavior of learners and takes actions, so that its own performance can be improved (i.e., to better serve the learners). In this sense, system learning is concerned with learning about learners. Consequently, a virtual learning environment is a true human-machine symbiosis, paired by human learning and system learning.
Mobile Message Passing using a Scatternet Framework
Authors: Donegan Brendan J. , Doolan Daniel C. , Tabirca Sabin
Published: January 2016

The Mobile Message Passing Interface is a library which implements MPI functionality on Bluetooth enabled mobile phones. It provides many of the functions available in MPI, including point-to-point and global communication. The main restriction of the library is that it was designed to work over Bluetooth piconets. Piconet based networks provide for a maximum of eight devices connected together simultaneously. This limits the libraries usefulness for parallel computing. A solution to solve this problem is presented that provides the same functionality as the original Mobile MPI library, but implemented over a Bluetooth scatternet. A scatternet may be defined as a number of piconets interconnected by common node(s). An outline of the scatternet design is explained and its major components discussed.
Adaptive Compensation of Friction Forces with Differential Filter
Authors: Mitsunaga Kouichi , Matsuo Takami
Published: January 2016

In this paper, we design an adaptive controller to compensate the nonlinear friction model when the output is the position. First, we present an adaptive differential filter to estimate the velocity. Secondly, the dynamic friction force is compensated by a fuzzy adaptive controller with position measurements. Finally, a simulation result for the proposed controller is demonstrated.
Experimental evidence for a possible dispersion mechanism of polycarboxylate-type superplasticisers
Authors: Shui Liangliang , Sun Zhenping , Yang Haijing , Yang Xu , Ji Yanliang , Luo Qiong
Published: January 2016

In this paper, a brief overview of the current literature on the dispersion mechanism of polycarboxylate-type superplasticisers (PCEs) is first presented. Then, the available free water amount and fluidity of cement paste with various water-to-cement ratios (w/c) and PCE dosages are measured. The phase and particle size distribution of early cement hydrates are analysed by X-ray diffraction and laser particle size analysis, respectively. As a result, a surprising tendency is observed: the increase rate of fluidity increases with decreasing w/c ratio when the dosage of PCE gradually increases. This phenomenon cannot be explained by the steric effect. The authors also conclude that not less than 2·0% of solids volume of ‘AFt–PCE’ structures (early hydrates of ettringite (AFt) coated with PCE, < 200 nm) are dispersed well in the interstitial pore space along with non-adsorbed PCE. Based on these results, the authors present a possible dispersion mechanism in the PCE–cement system studied here based on the repulsion originating from the exclusion of free polymers (non-adsorbed PCE, ‘AFt–PCE’ structure and some other fine matters coated with PCE) from the gap between cement particles.
Effects of CeO2 on microstructure, friction and wear properties of SiCp/Al-Si composites
Authors: Han Huihui , Wang Aiqin , Xie Jingpei , Wang Rongqi
Published: January 2016

Silicon carbide particle (SiCp)/aluminum (Al)-silicon (Si) composites with the addition of cerium (IV) oxide (CeO2) were fabricated by powder metallurgy. The effect of cerium (IV) oxide content on microstructures, friction, and wear properties of the SiCp/aluminum-silicon composites were investigated. The modification mechanism of cerium (IV) oxide is also discussed in this paper. The results show that cerium (IV) oxide can refine the precipitated silicon particles. When the cerium (IV) oxide content was 0·6%, the modification effect was the best. When the cerium (IV) oxide content was more than 0·6%, the reunion phenomenon of cerium (IV) oxide gradually increased with the increase in the cerium (IV) oxide content. When the cerium (IV) oxide content was 0·6%, the friction factor and friction force was the largest and the abrasion loss was the smallest. The wear mechanism of composites with varying contents of cerium (IV) oxide was abrasive wear, and the wear surface of the composite with 0·6% cerium (IV) oxide was the smoothest.
Nanocomposites: an overview
Authors: Singh Nakshatra Bahadur , Agarwal Sonal
Published: January 2016

Materials play key role in every field of technology such as automobile, aerospace, construction, electronics, medicine, sensors and computing to make people’s lives more comfortable. There is always a critical need to use new materials with improved properties so that the demand for betterment can be satisfied. With the advancement of nanoscience, nanocomposites have emerged as very useful materials for a variety of applications. Subject of nanocomposites is an interdisciplinary area, encompassing physics, chemistry, biology, materials science and engineering. The knowledge arising from scientists with different backgrounds, create new science, and in particular new materials, with unforeseen technological possibilities such as creation of macroscopic engineered materials through nanoscale structures. Various nanocomposites have been designed with the aim to achieve high thermal, electrical and mechanical properties. This paper presents an overview of the type, synthesis, characterisation, properties, modelling and applications of nanocomposites in various sectors.
Influence of pretreatment of SiC on microstructure and properties of SiCp/A390
Authors: Min Li , Aiqin Wang , Jingpei Xie , Pengfei Zhang , Yali Sun
Published: January 2016

In this paper, two pretreatment methods of silicon carbide (SiC) particles were adopted: washing by hydrochloric acid (HCl) and high-temperature oxidation after washing by hydrochloric acid. The powder metallurgy method was used for better controllability of the prepared particles of the silicon carbide-reinforced aluminium alloy composites of A390. The changes in the morphology and composition of the silicon carbide particles after different pretreatment methods were studied; at the same time, the effects of the different pretreatment methods on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites were analysed. Research shows that washing by hydrochloric acid of the silicon carbide particles is mainly for cleaning, and high-temperature oxidation of the silicon carbide particles after washing by hydrochloric acid is mainly for producing a passivation effect, producing silicon dioxide. The high-temperature oxidation of the silicon carbide particles in the composites leads to the following: the particles distribute well; the interface bonding density improves; the resulting composites are without holes; the tensile strength and the relative density of A390 composites, reinforced by silicon carbide particles, after oxidation treatment, increased by 36% and 2·64%, respectively, compared to those of the original state of the silicon carbide particle-reinforced composites of A390.
System reliability of slopes using multimodal optimisation
Authors: Reale C. , Xue J. , Gavin K.
Published: January 2016

Many engineered and natural slopes have complex geometries and are multi-layered. For these slopes traditional stability analyses will tend to predict critical failure surfaces in layers with the lowest mean strength. A move toward probabilistic analyses allows a designer to account for uncertainties with respect to input parameters that allow for a more complete understanding of risk. Railway slopes, which in some cases were built more than 150 years ago, form important assets on the European rail network. Many of these structures were built at slope angles significantly higher than those allowed in modern design codes. Depending on the local geotechnical conditions these slopes may be susceptible to deep-seated failure; however, a significant number of failures each year occur as shallow translational slips that develop during periods of high rainfall. Thus, for a given slope, two potential failure mechanisms might exist with very similar probabilities of failure. In this paper a novel multimodal optimisation algorithm (‘Slips’) that is capable of detecting all feasible probabilistic slip surfaces simultaneously is presented. The system reliability analysis is applied using polar co-ordinates, as this approach has been shown to be less sensitive to local numerical instabilities, which can develop due to discontinuities on the limit state surface. The approach is applied to two example slopes where the complexity in terms of stratification and slope geometry is varied. In addition the methodology is validated using a real-life case study involving failure of a complex slope.
Serviceability of foam core structural panels based on bond strength
Authors: Delijani Farhoud , Dick Kris J.
Published: January 2016

Oriented strand board (OSB) face sheets adhered to polyurethane (PUR) foam have been used to make structural insulated panels (SIPs) for energy-efficient buildings for many years. One challenge for more widespread use is lack of a clear indication of service life and durability. Many regulatory agencies do not allow the use of SIPs without dimensional lumber framing, asserting OSB is typically not a principal structural member and citing a concern for service life. This paper presents the results of research focused on the evaluation of bond strength between the OSB skins and the PUR foam core as one measure of service life and fabrication quality. A total of 120 pull-off tests were conducted on panels subjected to various environments. A total of 120 tests were conducted on new to highly weathered, aged panels. Only 2·5% of these tests displayed partial debonding between the OSB and foam. Of the remaining specimens, 77·5% exhibited shear failure within the foam, indicating acceptable bond strength. The remaining 20% failed within the OSB skin. This paper discusses the findings and potential implications for service life of OSB skins and PUR foam core.
The Effects of Perceived Corporate Social Responsibility on Employees’ Trust, Commitment, Satisfaction, and Turnover Intention
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Jung ARam , Ryu Ki Sang
Published: January 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of corporate social responsibility(CSR) on employee’s organizational trust, organizational commitments, job satisfaction, and turnover intention. A survey was conducted on 286 employees and 255 samples were finally used for the data analysis to test hypotheses using the structural equation model, Results revealed that employees’ CSR partially influenced their trust. In particular, the ethical and legal responsibility of CSR had positive effects on organizational trust. Additionally, organizational trust had positive effects on both affective commitment and continuance commitment. Accordingly, both affective and continuance commitments positively influenced employee satisfaction. Finally, the satisfaction affected their turnover intention. In the final section, both practical and theoretical implications were discussed.
The Impact on the Wellness Value of a Healing Program and its Influence on Satisfaction, Loyalty and Overall Life Satisfaction: Focusing on the Participants’ of ‘Forest Healing’ Program
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Lee JinEui , Kim Nam Jo
Published: January 2016

Recently, the interest in health has been increasing over the world, and accordingly wellness tourism is rapidly increasing due to health-seeking tourism activities. Also in Korea, health-seeking tourism activities are drastically increasing, and thereby the Korea Forest Service and local governments are implementing healing programs using forests. This study, targeting the increasing healing tourists, conducted an empirical analysis by adding satisfaction with life to the wellness value, satisfaction, and loyalty in a healing program. Study subjects were 311 participants from the Saneum Healing Forest program managed by the Korea Forest Service. As a result of the analysis, it turned out that the wellness value of healing programs has a higher effect on loyalty through healing program satisfaction than in a direct way. In addition, while wellness value of healing programs was found to have no significant effect on satisfaction with life, it turned out to have a significant effect through healing program satisfaction. These results show that wellness value of healing programs cannot directly influence satisfaction with life but influence it through healing program satisfaction, indicating that healing programs play a great role for healing tourists’ satisfaction with life.
An Examination of the Relationship between Technology-Organization-Environment Factors and their Performance at a Smart Exhibition: Mediating Effects of Collaboration Activities
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Hlee Sunyoung , Lee Ji-Min , CHUNG NAMHO , Koo Chulmo
Published: January 2016

This study analyzed the influential factors of collaborative activities and the relationship between collaborative activities and exhibition performance in the smart exhibition environment including the usage of information technology(IT). The usage of IT, customer orientation, customer dependence, booth location and environmental uncertainty was suggested for the impacts of these factors on collaborative activities, selling and non-selling performance were analyzed empirically. For this study, data were collected from 96 exhibitors from the KIMES(Korea International Medical & Hospital Equipment Show). The results showed a strong support for the direct impacts of usage of IT, customer orientation, and booth factor on collaboration. These three factors were mediated by the collaborative activities. Based on these results, this study suggests the theoretical and practical implications regarding collaborative activities of exhibitors in a trade exhibition.
The Effects of Monetary Easing on Spatial Convergence in Hungary
Authors: Kocziszky György , Szendi Dóra
Published: January 2016

There has been no substantive change in the existing disparities between the central and peripheral regions in the ten years after the Hungarian accession to the EU (2004-2014). The authors summarise in their study the possibility of econometric modelling of the relationship between regional convergence and monetary easing. On the basis of the represented model the effects of monetary easing, beginning in 2012, on the central, peripheral and semi-peripheral territories are construed, and other interventions needed to reach substantive path-correction are identified.
Barriers, Determinants, Financial Support Mechanisms in Green SME Areas
Authors: Kucęba Robert , Jędrzejczyk Waldemar
Published: January 2016

In the present paper the authors investigated barriers, determinants and financing sources (own and external capital) of planned and performed pro-ecological activities/investments in SMEs. The variables were aggregated on the basis of data from the European Commission and the authors’ own research in Polish enterprises of the SME sector, through purposeful selection (enterprises declaring pro-environmental activity). The authors distinguished an overarching determinant of pro-ecological activity in the SME sector, unique compared to large-scale enterprises: the convergence of pro-ecological activeness and cost reduction of own basic activity.
Corporate Income Tax Avoidance in the European Arena : Evidence and Remedies
Authors: Pál Tibor , Tóth Zsófia
Published: January 2016

According to the OECD, 4% to 10% of the global corporate income tax revenue, i.e. USD 100 to 240 billion annually, is lost due to corporate income tax avoidance (OECD, 2015). Although the existence of the issue is well-accepted by the tax policy makers of the developed world, it is extremely difficult to agree on an international tax policy standard which could reduce the vulnerability of the sovereign tax regimes. In this article, we summarize the historical background of corporate income tax avoidance, and provide evidence of its existence in the EU member states. In addition, we also examine a new international income tax model proposed by the European Commission and analyse the expected effects of the proposal onthe risk associated with tax avoidance in Europe.
Knowledge Sharing Behaviour and Development of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises
Authors: Słocińska Anna , Depta Adam
Published: January 2016

The aim of the article is to indicate the knowledge sharing behavior (KSB) in SMEs. The task is to be achieved through an analysis research results on KSB. This kind of behaviour is associated in the literature with much broader knowledge management issues. This paper is an attempt to correlate the employees' statements with their work places (company’s size) and aims at research made on force of such correlation, including specific character of personnel behaviour resulting from company policy.
Utilization of reversible long acting family planning methods among married 15-49 years women in Areka town, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Kabalo Mulugeta Yohannis
Published: January 2016

Background: Utilization of family planning can improve the means of people in poverty. Long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods in particular can considerably reduce the level of unwanted pregnancy as well as maternal mortality and morbidity more in developing countries. Thus, study was conducted with the aim of assessing the level of LARC utilization and associated factors among married women (15-49) in Areka town, Southern Ethiopia.

Methods: Community based cross-sectional study was conducted in a total of 357 women within the study area. Population proportion to size was used to assign sample to kebele and participates were selected by systematic random sampling technique from randomly selected kebeles. Data collection was conducted by trained data collectors, using structured and pretested questionnaire. Finally, data entered, cleaned, and analysed in SPSS 16.

Results: The utilization of LARC was 106(29.7%) of study participants. Particularly, LARCs utilization were 81(22.7%) for implants and 25(7.0%), Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD). Statistically, LARC utilization was (AOR=2.47 at 95%CI (1.24-4.90)) times likely among 26-36 aged mothers compared to 15-24 age groups. Government employed mothers were (AOR=2.59 at 95%CI (1.39-4.79)) times probable to use LARC compared to merchants. Hence, maternal education and occupation were the independent predictors of LARC utilization as the principal findings of this study.
Conclusions: Enormous extent of unmet need exist in utilization of LARC within the study area. Mothers’ age and occupation were significantly associated with its utilization. Therefore, health promotion activities on the benefits of LARC need to be undertaken to increase awareness and usage of these contraceptives.
La historia contemporánea en Francia
Authors: Dosse François
Published: January 2016

La  escuela   de  los  Annales  entra   en  crisis  a partir   de los años  ochenta.  Como  respuesta, retoma    a la historia   política, biográfica  y al individuo,  a la identidad  nacional francesa y la formación  de la historia   social  sobre  bases renovadas.  Existe  una  crisis  de  identidad  en la historia  en pos de su objeto  y de la singularidad   de  sus procedimientos.  El repliego del historiador   sobre   el  individuo  indica   crisis en la idea  misma  de historicidad,  que  condujo  al historiador  a una  poshistoria  que  interpreta   desde  una  perspectiva  genealógica
Reseña del libro: El fusil y el olivo: la cuestión militar en Centroamérica, Aguilar, Gabriel
Authors: Rodríguez de Ita Guadalupe
Published: January 2016

Análisis   sobre   las fuerzas   armadas    en  Centroamérica          en   la  década    de   los  ochenta. Reúne   seis  trabajos    que   presentan   un  eje común:   la trilogía   fuerzas   armadas,  guerra y democracia.   Destaca   la  relación    entre   la sociedad,  el ejercicio  del  poder   y los  agentes externos  en los conflictos  armados  de la región.
Aguascalientes: una respuesta regional a la descentralización
Authors: Martínez Omaña María Concepción
Published: January 2016

Análisis    del   proceso    de   descentralización que  se prevé   en Aguascalientes en los sectores de la vivienda, educación y salud  durante el gobierno  de Miguel  de la Madrid.
El concepto de espacio y el análisis regional
Authors: Hiernaux N. Daniel , Lindon Alicia
Published: January 2016

Revisión sobre  las principales  conceptualizaciones  del  espacio   bajo  diferentes  perspectivas disciplinarias  (filosofía,  economía y geografía).      Se   parte     de   niveles     de   mayor generalización  para  descender  a los conceptos más  específicos, por  lo que  se presentan tres  perspectivas  distintas   que  corresponden a categorías  generales,  a fin  de  determinar cuál  puede   ser  mejor   para   el  análisis  regional,   en  la  inteligencia  de  que   este   análisis debe  comprender  los efectos  de la diferenciación  espacial.
El ritmo de la historia y la región
Authors: Lameiras José
Published: January 2016

Los  estudios   regionales  ameritan  una  teorización   del  problema.  Para  delimitar  una  región  es menester  definir  el espacio  y el tiempo.   Diversas   disciplinas   con   sus   propias metodologías   precisaran  su  marco   de  referencia  para  que  las vivencias cotidianas  trasciendan    a  los  espacios   sociales.   La  región como  la historia   posee  un ritmo,  que el autor asocia  a las melodías.
Temario para la discusión de un proyecto social alternativo
Authors: Vuskovic Pedro , Ruíz Eduardo
Published: January 2016

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El sistema político mexicano en el cambio democrático en América Latina
Authors: Alcántara Sáez Manuel
Published: January 2016

En la teoría  actual  sobre  democracia,  la vertebración de las formas  políticas Latinoamericanas  en el ámbito  genérico de las democracias  políticas   no  incidió   en  la  tipología  de estas  últimas,   que  quedaron  inmersas  en  el cuadro   general   del  presidencialismo.  Analiza los intentos   de  descripción  de  la realidad política  latinoamericana  desde  el estudio   de la  política   comparada   reciente.  Ejemplifica con  el caso  mexicano  y su  inserción  en  los procesos   electorales  e  institucionales.   Concluye  que  México  no  es  todavía   un  país  en vías de consolidación democrática.
Democracia y desarrollo en Centroamérica: oportunidad y reto
Authors: Flores de la Vega Margarita
Published: January 2016

El retorno   a la democracia  en  Centroamérica  es  necesario  para   una  solución  a  todos sus  problemas,  desde   los  económicos  a los sociales,  ya que  se acentuó   la pobreza   extrema  en la última   década,   Menciona  los Límites y vacíos  que  un proceso   de democratización   trae   consigo   y analiza   las  principales etapas    que   deben    transcurrir    para   llegar a  la   democracia.    Ponencia    al   Coloquio Democracia  Política,   Democracia  Social  en América  Latina.
Democracia sin compromiso en la República Dominicana y Ecuador
Authors: Conaghan Catherine M. , Espinal Rosario
Published: January 2016

Se enfoca   a las estructuras  socioeconómicas y el legado   político  que  produjo  un  régimen "democrático autoritario", en República Dominicana  y Ecuador.   Analiza   el  tipo  de  democracia que emergió  de este proceso  de transición.   Actualmente  los  nuevos   regímenes  en  estos  países  son  "propensos  a crisis". Su comportamiento  tiende  a prácticas   no democráticas  que  van  desde  golpes  de  estado hasta  un  ejecutivo  autoritario.
Pintura mural política en las calles de Haití
Authors: Duval Guy
Published: January 2016

Testimonio  sobre  la pintura   mural   popular en  Haití.  Se le contempla  como  un  fenómeno político   cultural,   una  forma  de  expresión social,  ideológica  y artística   que   resulta   de una  mezcla:  la  criolla.   Se  considera  el  arte pictórico haitiano   como  un  vehículo   de  consigna,  "[... ]Motor   de lucha,  [ ...   ] exacerbación de  [la] voluntad  de  defensa   aun  violenta   de las  conquistas   revolucionarias.   En   ella   se mezclan   todos   los  elementos  culturales  del haitiano".
Reseña del libro: Los sistemas políticos en América Latina, Alcántara Sáez, Manuel
Authors: Dutrénit Bielous Silvia
Published: January 2016

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Reseña del libro: Historia económica y social de Costa Rica (1750-1950), Acuña, Víctor Hugo ; Molina, Iván
Authors: Yankelevich Pablo
Published: January 2016

Reflexión  sobre   las nuevas   corrientes  historiográficas  costarricenses  que  incluye   estudios  de historia   económica y social,  la industrialización   y  el  desarrollo   capitalista   del país.   La  obra   reseñada   se  inserta   en  esta corriente  y retoma  el desarrollo  del capitalismo  desde   la colonia;  destaca   los movimientos sociales  y obrero sindicales    de los treinta. Se considera  ejemplo  de investigación dirigida por  convicciones personales.
Arquitectura mexicana en el siglo XIX. Cuatrocientos años de occidentalización
Authors: Lira Carlos
Published: January 2016

Revisión  del proceso  arquitectónico  en México  durante    el siglo  XIX  Estudia  la etapa   de florecimiento   del  neoclásico  y  SU   carácter oficialista,  hasta   el  eclecticismo porfiriano. Hace  hincapié en  la labor  de  la Real  Academia de San Carlos  como  eje de la producción artística,   no  sin destacar   los trabajos   realiza­ dos  al margen  del control   de  aquella,   Subraya la importancia  de  aplicar   globalmente   el desarrollo de la arquitectura.
Ayuntamiento y poder público en Monterrey. La comuna empresarial (1915-1917)
Authors: Flores Torres Óscar
Published: January 2016

Repaso   histórico  sobre  la consolidación   de la burguesía  industrial   neoleonesa   en  una poderosa  organización  que  opera   como   órgano  parlamentario  de asesoría  y en las decisiones  del  gobierno  en  las  cuestiones  públicas.  Expone   las causas  que  determinaron   el papel estratégico  de dicha organización ­representada   en  la  Cámara    Nacional   de  Comercio­   en la regularización  y homogeneización  de toda  actividad económica.
Autoritarismo y militares en el siglo XIX argentino
Authors: Forte Riccardo
Published: January 2016

Interpretación   histórica sobre  las causas  que determinaron   el crecimiento  progresivo    del poder   militar   y su articulación  en  el Estado burocrático-autoritario, como    sistema    de control   político de la sociedad. Propone  que el  autoritarismo-burocrático    "deriva   de  las contradicciones   existentes    por   la  presencia contemporánea   de  elementos  de  cambio   y continuidad  inconciliables" característicos de la sociedad  argentina  entre  los siglos XIX y XX.
Reseña del libro: Ulysses and the syrens. (Studies in rationality and irrationality), Elster, Jon
Authors: Loyo Aurora
Published: January 2016

Serie  de ensayos  enfocados  a la racionalidad y la irracionalidad,  con  un orden  descendente:  la racionalidad   perfecta,  la racionalidad imperfecta,  la problemática  y la irracionalidad,  además   de  tener   una  perspectiva  general  sobre  la filosofía   de la ciencia.
Agustín de Iturbide: entre la memoria y el olvido
Authors: Zárate Toscano Verónica
Published: January 2016

Análisis  de los efectos  de la muerte   de Iturbide  en  la política conservadora  y liberal   del siglo  XIX   Destaca  el afán   por   reconocerlo como   héroe   de  la independencia   y el culto a  sus  restos   por   parte    de  sus  partidarios. Subraya   que   las  tradiciones   inventadas  fomentan   ceremonias  y monumentos   populares   que   se  usan   como   símbolos  políticos. Enfatiza   que   no   trata   de  reivindicarlo,  pero que  la historia   debe  tomar   en  cuenta   la multiplicidad de enfoques.
Las figuras heroicas de la revolución en los historiadores protomarxistas
Authors: Rajchenberg S. Enrique
Published: January 2016

Análisis   de   las   interpretaciones    históricas que  los protomarxistas  dan  de los héroes   de la revolución mexicana.   Flores Magón,  Madero,  Obregón,   etc.  encabezan  la  lista   de   la "Galería   Heroica"  que   Teja  Zabre,   Romos Pedrueza,  Cue  Canovas   y otros   consideran como  expresión  de los intereses  de los sectores populares.  "Los  héroes   de  los protomarxistas  [ ... ]  son  exaltados  por  su honestidad, incorruptibilidad,   nacionalismo  y la defensa de las clases  oprimidas".
La Mano Negra en defensa de la propiedad y el orden: Veracruz 1928-1943
Authors: Santoyo Antonio
Published: January 2016

Analiza  el contexto político   durante   el periodo de gobierno  de Adalberto Tejeda  en Veracruz   y el  conflicto   que   se  originó    por   su proyecto  de   reforma    agraria    radical.    Manuel   Parra    ocupó    un  lugar   predominante en   la  defensa    de   los  intereses   de   grupo sociales   privilegiados  y su  relación   estrecha con  caciques,  pistoleros,   funcionarios    meno res, militares  con jurisdicción  local,  entre otros.  La alianza  tejedista­campesina  fracasó y esto  llevó  a Parra   a desafiar   el populismo cardenista.
Las ciencias sociales en Estados Unidos desde la perspectiva de una historiadora
Authors: Ross Dorothy
Published: January 2016

Análisis   del  desarrollo   teórico historiográfico  norteamericano    desde   el siglo  XVIII al XIX   Destaca   la permanencia   del  "excepcionalismo   norteamericano"    ante   las  influencias  metodológicas   y filosóficas   europeas. Señala  la asociación  del  método    científico con  las ciencias   sociales   como   determinante  de  la tendencia  triunfalista   estadunidense  que  sostiene   y justifica    la  defensa    de  la utopía   progresista  y democrática   de  su cultura
Curative Effects Observation of the Foot Care on Type 2 Diabetes Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Zhang Xiumei , Huang Kunzhu , Gu Yanshan
Published: January 2016

Objective: To discuss the curative effects of foot care on type 2 diabetes peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Methods: This study selected 80 cases of type 2 diabetes peripheral neuropathy, and divided them into two groups randomly: the experimental group and the control group, both of the two groups were treated with standard hypoglycemic therapy plus promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis drugs and nutritional nerve medicine therapy and regular nursing, the observation group was conducted foot care, education and guidance on the basis of these measures in 3 months. Assessed the improvement of the double lower limbs symptoms and the speed of lower limbs sensory nerve conduction velocity. Results: The curative effects of the observation group were more significant than the control group (p < 0.01), the overall efficiency was 86%, and the improvement of the lower limbs sensory nerve conduction velocity was superior to the control group (p < 0.01, p < 0.05). Conclusion: The foot care can improve the microcirculation, promote the repair of the damaged nerve, improve the DPN symptoms, and prevent the occurrence of the diabetic foot.
Risks Assessment of Nurses based on Aggressive Behaviors of Patients in Department of Psychiatry and the Research on Nursing Intervention Effects
Authors: Zhan Guolian
Published: January 2016

Objective: To assess the risks of nurses based on aggressive behaviors of patients in Department of Psychiatry and to explore the nursing intervention effects. Method: Select 794 schizophrenia patients treated in our hospital from January 2012 to December 2013, make an assessment of nursing risks based on aggressive behaviors in Department of Psychiatry, adopt corresponding nursing intervention measures and observe effects. Results: 320 patients have mild degree of attack risks, 282 patients have moderate degree of attack risks and 192 patients have severe degree of attack risks. After nursing intervention measures are taken, aggressive behaviors have not happened. Conclusion: Nursing personnel should comprehensively master the conditions and mental activities of patients, make conditions assessment to the patients with tendency of violence and take corresponding grade of nursing intervention measures to prevent the attack risks of patients during hospitalization.
The Preliminary Study on Perioperative Nursing of Pituitary Adenoma
Authors: Li Kun
Published: January 2016

Including nursing of complications during preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative process. Closely observing postoperative complications, actively preventing the occurrence of complications, taking corresponding nursing measures as early as possible, improving the success rate of surgery, reducing the case fatality rate and promoting patients recover.
Peri-operative Nursing for Treatment of Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy with Anterior Cervical Decompression Surgery for Anterior Cervical Spine
Authors: Zhang Na
Published: January 2016

Objective: To analyze the clinical effect of peri-operative nursing for treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) with anterior cervical decompression surgery for anterior cervical spine. Method: Select 23 cases of CSM with anterior cervical decompression surgery for anterior cervical spine conducted by the department from August 2013 to January 2015, provide pre-operative nursing, post-operative nursing and rehabilitation training, and then carry out the observation and nursing of complications. Result: 23 patients show good clinical effect and have no post-operative complications or nursing complications. Conclusion: Nurses should pay attention to the requirements for nursing at the beginning of peri-operative period for treatment of CSM with anterior cervical decompression surgery for anterior cervical spine, and take good actions to prevent all kinds of complications so as to help better improve the effect of treatment and nursing.
The Analysis of the Preventive Nursing of Infection after Orthopedic Operation
Authors: Ai Min
Published: January 2016

Objective: To explore the preventive nursing methods of infection after orthopedic operation and provide some basis for clinical nursing. Method: 1000 patients who have received orthopedic operations are selected randomly from our hospital from September 2009 to September 2014, then we make follow-up and survey, analyze the factors influencing infection and implement corresponding nursing measures. Result: Among the 1000 patients, 26 patients have incision infection of sterile operation and the infected positions are on spinal cord, upper limbs and lower limbs. Surveys find that after orthopedic operation, infection patients are mostly infected 3-4 weeks after being hospitalized with the earliest infection occurring after one week after being hospitalized. We can find that the longer patients are hospitalized for, the higher the occurrence of infection is. Conclusion: In the preventive nursing of infection after orthopedic operation, sterile operation and preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative nursing should be remembered. And the most important one is to adopt sterilization and isolation system after orthopedic operation to lower the occurrence of infection to the lowest.
Mobile Ict Integration in Extension Service Delivery: Case Assessment of Application Variance in Extension Tasks Executions in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Adebowale O. A. LAWAL
Published: January 2016

The study examined the usage of mobile information and communication technologies (ICTs) in execution of extension tasks by extension personnel in southwest Nigeria. Findings are that mobile phones, laptops, and multimedia projectors were intensively used by all the extension personnel. Extension tasks executed were connectivity and linkages with stakeholders in agricultural development, presentation and teaching of extension messages, typesetting, and sourcing of extension information. Effects of mobile ICT applications in extension tasks executions include enhanced quality time usage in reaching out stakeholders in agriculture, reduced the risks of having to travel round the extension clients for interactions, and enhanced social interactions. Recommendation is that among several emerging mobile ICTs, appropriation of the devices for extension service delivery should be ensured.
Structure and Functioning of dairy based women Self Help Group in Rewari district of Haryana
Authors: Yadav Rekha , Sagar M. P. , Yadav Jyoti
Published: January 2016

In order to study the structure and functioning of SHGs, a structured interview schedule was developed. The data were collected from 90 respondents drawn from 30 SHGs. The study findings revealed that most of the SHGs were functioning for the last three to six years, have 10 members, home as the place of meetings, conducted weekly meetings, penalty was not imposed on absentee members, no chronic absentee in their groups, monthly saving D 100, and 7.15 average milk yield per day. There has always been predetermined schedule for holding the meetings and proceedings were recorded by an office bearer followed collective decision making during meeting itself. Decision making power, however, was vested in the office bearers. SHGs maintain various types of records. Three types of leadership position were normallyfound, i.e. President, Secretary, and Treasurer.
Socio – Economic status of Fishermen Community of Kashmir, India.
Authors: MALIK Rizwana , RATHER Mansoor Ahmad , ABUBAKR Adnan
Published: January 2016

The purpose of this study was to identify the detailed socio-economic profiles of the fishers inhabiting the highest number of fishers in the state of Kashmir. The findings revealed that fishing community of this state lives in abject poverty practicing traditional fishing methods that either need improvement or replacement by modern scientific technology. Study further revealed that 99% of the population is educated up to primary level with 0% participation in extension programs and 87.5% have low information sources. Impoverishment has led to a negative impact on the socio -psychological behavior of the fishers. Fishers are facing problems in procuring basic amenities of life that mark a sure deprivation and neglect of the communityfrom governmental supports. Trainings and technological interventions alone will not help the community cope up with the financial stress, some definite support from governmental and non – governmental organizations play an instrumental role in their socio -economic upliftment. Formation of Cooperatives and Self-Help Groups (SHGs) may be a positive move to bring change in their lives and help them achieve goals they dreamt for.
Efficacy of biotechnologically derived product in counteracting ill effects of aflatoxins in broiler chicken
Authors: Kumar C. Basavanta , Reddy B. S.V. , Gloridoss R. G. , Prabhu T. M. , Wodeyar D. S. , Suresh B. N.
Published: January 2016

A preliminary in-vitro aflatoxin adsorption study was conducted, and it was found that, the degradability of aflatoxin (AF) by the biotechnologically derived product (BTP) was similar to that of hydrated sodium calcium allumino-sillicate (HSCAS) and mannan ologosachharide (MOS). Further, an in-vivo trial was undertaken to assess BTP over HSCAS in broiler chicken fed diet containing aflatoxin (AF) with experimental design: T1-basal diet; T2-250 ppb of AF; T3-AF 250 ppb with HSCAS at 1 kg/ton; T4 and T5-AF 250 ppb with BTP 200 g/ton and 400 g/ton, respectively. During 42 days, trial revealed non-significant differences in performance parameters, dressing percentage, relative organ weights and serum biochemical parameters among treatments. Whereas, serum profile of ALT (P<0.01) and AST (P<0.05) was significantly increased with addition of AF (T2) indicating limitation of toxicity only to cellular level at liver. Addition of BTP was found to normalize the increased ALT and AST levels.
Factors affecting weight and age at first calving, first lactation milk yield in Gir cows
Authors: Singh Basdev , Sawant Pushkraj , Sawant Dhruvaraj , Todkar Sachin , Jain Richa
Published: January 2016

The present study was undertaken on data of 113 Gir cows maintained at Kasturba Gram Dairy Farm, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India over a period of 18 years from 1995 to 2012, based on age at first calving. The overall means for weight at first calving (WFC), age at first calving (AFC), and first lactation milk yield (FLMY) were 402.22± 1.28 kg, 1709.04± 51.92 days and 1664.95± 280.72 litres respectively. The heritability estimates for WFC, AFC and FLMY were 0.248± 0.234, 0.307± 0.206 and 0.112± 0.252 respectively. The genetic correlation between WFC and AFC was positive and significant, while it was negative in between WFC and FLMY. The genetic correlation between AFC and FLMY was low and negative. The phenotypic correlations between all traits were positive.
First report on in vivo fertility trial of frozen thawed boar semen in India#
Authors: Baishya S. K. , Biswas R. K. , Kadirvel G. , Deka B. C. , Kumar Suresh , Ngachan S. V.
Published: January 2016

The present study was conducted to evaluate the in vivo fertility of frozen thawed boar semen. Twenty ejaculates collected from six mature boars were frozen in a programmable freezer. After freezing the semen was evaluated for different sperm quality parameters. Twenty five sows were inseminated artificially utilizing frozen thawed semen. The percentage of sperm motility, live sperm, live intact acrosome, plasma membrane intact sperm, HOST-reacted sperm, live sperm with high mitochondrial membrane potential, lipid peroxidised sperm and DNA-damaged sperm of frozen semen utilised for AI were 56.25 ± 0.96, 63.75 ± 1.47, 59.88 ± 1.09, 41.08 ± 1.01, 40.31 ± 1.02, 86.23 ± 1.29, 9.28 ± 0.83 and 4.20 ± 0.29 respectively. The farrowing rate was 44.00 per cent and the mean litter size at birth was 5.91 ± 0.69. It could be concluded that the freezing and insemination protocol of boar semen used in the present study resulted in moderate fertility of frozen boar semen and it would help in further improvement and utilization of frozen boar semen for AI in India.
Practical use of percoll density gradient centrifugation on sperm sex determination in commercial dairy farm in Thailand
Authors: Promthep Kornkanok , Satitmanwiwat Saranya , Kitiyanant Narisorn , Tantiwattanakul Pisit , Jirajaroenrat Kanya , Sitthigripong Ronachai , Singhapol Chatchawan
Published: January 2016

Our experiment demonstrated an extension of Percoll® Density Gradient Centrifugation to use as a selection tool for sperm sexing developed for dairy farmer. We develop a simple protocol for bovine sperm sexing and used for artificial insemination (AI) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) for embryo transfer (ET). The quality of sperm after centrifugation in each layer were significantly different (P <0.01). There was no significant difference between percentage of live sperm after centrifugation and fresh sperm before centrifugation (P >0.05). The phenotype and swimming capacity of sperms in each layer were significantly different (P < 0.01). It was found that the most appropriate sperm in the layer after centrifugation and after quinacrine staining was between 65-70% Percoll®. X-bearing spermatozoa at this layer was 60.75% and motility was 95.86±0.46%. After insemination, the pregnancy ratio in the experiment was 40% which is similar to the percentage of normal AI. The number of female offspring in the experiment was 71.4% in selected sperm vs 50% in non-selected sperm AI. In the In Vitro fertilization experiment, sperm from our 7 layer Percoll® gradient concentration can fertilize and produce blastocyst embryo successfully. The simple 7 layer Percoll® gradient concentration protocol is appropriate for dairy farmer to do as a pre-AI step to increase their female offspring in their herd.