bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soziologie der Mobilität
Authors: Manderscheid Katharina
Published: December 2022

Der Band führt in die soziologische Mobilitätsforschung ein und schließt dabei an das „Mobilities Paradigm“ an. Im Anschluss an die Darstellung soziologischer Traditionslinien werden verschiedene Gegenstände dieser Forschungsrichtung wie Formen räumlich flexibilisierter Arbeitsverhältnisse, Pendel- und Reisepraktiken, Freizeitverkehr, multilokale Lebensformen und Migration vorgestellt.
The Reactive and Radiation Electromagnetic Energies of Antennas: A New Formulation
Authors: Xiao Gaobiao
Published: December 2022

It is
required to calculate the stored reactive energy of an antenna in
order to evaluate its Q factor. Although it has been investigated for a long
time, some issues still need further clarification. The main difficulty
involved is that the reactive energy of an antenna tends to become infinitely
large when integrating the conventionally defined energy density in the whole
space outside a small sphere containing the antenna. The reactive energy is
usually made to be bounded by subtracting an additional term associated with
the radiation fields. However, there exists no well-accepted accurate
definition for this additional term that is valid for all cases. By re-checking
the definition of reactive energies, a new formulation is proposed in this
paper which can separate the reactive energy and the radiation energy
explicitly based on source-potentials. The clearly defined reactive energy is
bounded without necessity to subtract that additional term, and the resultant formulae
are easy to implement.
Learn to Live Longer: Counterfactual Inference using Balanced Representations for Parametric Deep Survival Analysis
Authors: Gupta Muskan , Kannan Gokul , Prasad Ranjitha , Gupta Garima
Published: December 2022

We derive the fundamental frameworks and propose a deep
neural network framework for analysing time-to-event under different treatment regimes.
Securing Medical Implants: Still a Long Way to Go
Authors: Siddiqi Muhammad Ali , Taouil Mottaqiallah , Hamdioui Said , Strydis Christos
Published: December 2022

Considerable research effort has been put on securing Implantable Medical Devices (IMDs) over the last two decades. However, this has not been effectively translated into practice. We highlight the key problems the IMD industry needs to address in order to bridge this gap.
Optical Frequency Transfer for Geopotential Difference Measurements via a Flying Drone
Authors: Dix-Matthews Benjamin , Gozzard David , Walsh Shane , McCann Ayden , Karpathakis Skevos , Frost Alex , Gravestock Charles , Schediwy Sascha
Published: December 2022

Geopotential and orthometric height differences between distant points can be measured via timescale comparisons between atomic clocks. Modern optical atomic clocks have residual instabilities on the order of 10^-18}, allowing height differences of around 1 cm to be measured. Frequency transfer via free-space optical links will be needed for measurements where linking the clocks via optical fiber is not possible, but requires line of sight between the clock locations, which is not always practical due to local terrain or over long distances. We present an active optical terminal, phase stabilization system, and phase compensation processing method robust enough to enable optical frequency transfer via a flying drone, greatly increasing the flexibility of free-space optical clock comparisons. We demonstrate a residual instability of 2.5x10^-18 after 3 s of integration, corresponding to a height difference of 2.3 cm, suitable for applications in geodesy, geology, and fundamental physics experiments.
Fast Traction Control of Rovers on Prescribed Dynamic Trajectories with Wheel-Fighting Consideration
Authors: Mottaghi Mohammadreza , Chhabra Robin , Huang Wei
Published: December 2022

To reliably localize and control wheeled autonomous rovers, their controllers must keep the wheels away from traction loss. In this paper, we develop a fast and practical traction control system for rovers that track dynamic trajectories on rough firm terrains, leveraging their normally existing redundant control directions. Trajectory-tracking performance is guaranteed by input-output linearizing a nonholonomic model of the system and employing an appropriate stabilizing control law. We propose a novel methodology to optimally lift the control signals at the rover’s output level to determine the control actions that enhance the system’s traction without affecting the tracking performance. The methodology uses the knowledge of wheels’ friction coefficients and estimation of normal and tractive forces based on a nonholonomic rover model to optimally distribute the tractive forces among the wheels. The novelty is in redefining the optimization problem in both lateral and longitudinal directions that require minimum information about wheel-ground interactions and leads to linear optimality conditions. We define the notion of total required force/moment at system’s center of mass to (i) introduce reference directions for tractive forces in the proposed cost functions, and (ii) identify the rover wheels fighting against the motion. To prevent wheel-fighting, we find sub-optimal solutions that suppress tractive forces at the fighting wheels. The proposed traction control system is implemented on a six-wheel autonomous Lunar rover and its efficacy is investigated by a developed software-in-the-loop simulation environment using Vortex Studio. This software simulates a 3-dimensional digital twin of the system, with different terrain and tire model options. When compared to the conventional pseudo-inverse solution, the developed traction controller demonstrates improved overall traction and it saves the rover from traction loss.
Deep RL-assisted Energy Harvesting in CR-NOMA Communications for NextG IoT Networks
Authors: Asad Ullah Syed , Zeb Shah , Hassan Syed Ali , Mahmood Aamir , Gidlund Mikael
Published: December 2022

 Zero-energy radios in energy-constrained devices are envisioned as key enablers to realizing the next-generation Internet-of-things (NG-IoT) networks for ultra-dense sensing and monitoring. This paper presents analytical modeling and analysis of the energy-efficient uplink transmission of an energyconstrained secondary sensor operating opportunistically among several primary sensors. The considered scenario assumes that all primary sensors transmit in a round-robin, time division multiple access-based schemes, and the secondary sensor is admitted in the time slot of each primary sensor using a nonorthogonal multiple access technique, inspired by cognitive radio. The energy efficiency of the secondary sensor is maximized by exposing it to a deep reinforcement learning-based algorithm, recognized as a deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG). Our results demonstrate that the DDPG-based transmission scheme outperforms the conventional random and greedy algorithms in terms of energy efficiency at different operating conditions. 
Evolution of Cyber Attacks and Their Economic Impact
Authors: Kelley Patrick
Published: December 2022

  With the widespread use of internet devices worldwide, many individuals hope to profit from exploits within these devices for monetary gain from or losses to unsuspecting victims and corporations. Through research results,  we explore the origins of cyber-attacks and how they have had economic impacts on small businesses, large corporations,  and countries around the world. This article demonstrates weakness in the current software and shows the increasing number of publications associated with the impacts that were a  direct result of these vulnerabilities. The article includes trends of  increasing or decreasing number of attacks carried out on a  timeline to show the overall impact on different industry types.  This article provides details of the types of attacks used, their  origination, and the methods in which they were implemented. It  discusses tools that have been used to mitigate these attacks and  the existence of attacks that are still active to the date of  publication.  
SVM transformations for Multi-labeled Topics
Authors: Elsayed Amr
Published: December 2022

The rapid growth of research papers poses a significant challenge for manual curation and interpretation for categorizing the articles into one or more related topics. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) model addressed this multi-labeled topic classification problem over different datasets, however, transforming the multi-labeled dataset into single-labeled ones to fit the SVM-required modeling plays a vital role in the performance. Applying different transformations over the problem leads to different behavior and accuracy for SVM over datasets.

This paper employs the SVM model on a research multi-labeled articles dataset. It addresses different kinds of transformations to measure their behavior. It proposes the Least Class Classifier (LCC) technique that challenges the problem of the imbalanced datasets to achieve an equal chance for the minor classes. The results showed the label powerset transformation achieved the best average accuracy score across all topics classification. Both the label powerset and the binary relevance reached $\approx 90\%$ as the Hamming loss measurement for the fraction of topics that are incorrectly assigned. However, the binary relevance illustrated the best recall and precision balancing as per class classification measurements. Moreover, the proposed LCC technique showed promising results for increasing the recall calculations for the minor class in the imbalanced dataset.
Counteracting Eavesdropper Attacks Through Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: A New Threat Model and Secrecy Rate Optimization
Authors: Alexandropoulos George C. , Katsanos Konstantinos D. , Wen Miaowen , B. da Costa Daniel
Published: December 2022

The potential of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) for energy-efficient and performance-boosted wireless communications is recently gaining remarkable research attention, motivating their consideration for various $5$-th Generation (5G) Advanced and beyond applications. In this paper, we consider a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) Physical Layer Security (PLS) system with multiple data streams including one legitimate passive RIS and one malicious passive RIS, with the former being transparent to the multi-antenna eavesdropper and the latter's presence being unknown at the legitimate multi-antenna transceivers. We first present a novel threat model for the RIS-boosted eavesdropping system and design a joint optimization framework for the eavesdropper's receive combining matrix and the reflection coefficients of the malicious RIS. Focusing next on the secrecy rate maximization problem, we present an RIS-empowered PLS scheme that jointly designs the legitimate precoding matrix and number of data streams, the Artificial Noise (AN) covariance matrix, the receive combining matrix, and the reflection coefficients of the legitimate RIS. The proposed optimization algorithms, whose convergence to at least local optimum points is proved, are based on alternating maximization, minorization-maximization, and manifold optimization, including semi-closed form expressions for the optimization variables. Our extensive simulation results for two representative system setups reveal that, in the absence of a legitimate RIS, transceiver spatial filtering and AN are incapable of offering non-zero secrecy rates, even for malicious RISs with small numbers of elements. However, when an $L$-element legitimate RIS is deployed, confidential communication can be safeguarded against eavesdropping systems possessing even more than a $5L$-element malicious RIS.
Modeling of Demand Response Resources in the Energy Management and Market Systems for Better Participation in MISO Market
Authors: Chen Yonghong
Published: December 2022

This paper starts by reviewing demand response models in MISO’s energy management and market systems. It then discusses a recent enhancement that improves the ability of demand response to participate in MISO energy and ancillary service markets. Some future enhancements are also discussed. 
On the Electrical Modeling and Synchronization of Diffusively Coupled FitzHugh-Nagumo Oscillators
Authors: Lautenbacher Robin , Al Beattie Bakr , Ochs Karlheinz , Köhl Ralf
Published: December 2022

We study the synchronization behavior of a class of identical FitzHugh-Nagumo-type oscillators under linear diffusive coupling. We describe the oscillators by a circuit model and we provide a sufficient synchronization condition that relies on the shape of the nonlinear conductance’s (i, u)-curve and the connectivity of the linear coupling network. We propose that this condition may have benefits with regard to the design of neuromorphic circuits using such oscillators and furthermore investigate how sharp our condition is. 
Wave Digital Emulation of an Enhanced Compact Model for RRAM Devices with Multilevel Capability
Authors: Al Beattie Bakr , Quesada Emilio Perez-Bosch , Uhlmann Max , Perez Eduardo , Kahmen Gerhard , Solan Enver , Ochs Karlheinz
Published: December 2022

The reliable and compact modeling of RRAM devices is crucial for supporting the development of novel technologies including them. The latter includes a wide range of applications, such as in-memory computing in neuromorphic networks or memristive logic. A major advantage of the considered HfO2- based RRAM devices is their CMOS-compatibility, which allows them to already be utilized in present applications. However, one problem with RRAMs is that their fabrication still leads to device variabilities. This makes it challenging to test the functionality of aspiring technologies utilizing them in an experimental fashion. This work is dedicated to the compact modeling and efficient emulation of 1T-1R RRAM devices. Specifically, we aim to provide an enhanced model, based on the Stanford-PKU model, that can be used on any simulation platform such as SPICE, VERLIOGA, or even standard ODE solvers to simulate multilevel capable RRAM devices. Furthermore, we provide an algorithmic model, based on the wave digital concept, which allows for emulating the considered RRAM device in real-time. Using the latter, we show the hysteresis of our enhanced model to exhibit astounding resemblance with real device measurements. 
A Novel UWB Antenna Integrated with Active Circuit for High Resolution Near Field Microwave Brain Imaging
Authors: Goodarzi Pouya
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we will investigate, design, and construction of a compact ultrawideband antenna that has been amplified utilizing an active amplifier circuit to be used in microwave imaging. There are some principal features regarding the proposed antenna: simple design, compact and small dimensions, and bandwidth. We utilize the Monopole antenna powered by Coplanar Waveguide CPW to diagnose strokes and brain tumors in a heterogeneous brain environment. The wide bandwidth of the designed antenna has been achieved by producing a slot on the ground, forming a non-uniform structure, and applying a split-ring resonator. The size of the designed compact antenna is equal to 0.1𝜆×0.08𝜆×0.005𝜆, which is placed on a substrate of FR-4 material and has a full connection with the biological tissue of the head. The outcomes of simulations and construction confirm that the designed antenna has impedance bandwidth specifications of 1 to 6 GHz (10 dB), efficiency more than 90%, specific absorption rate 0.007 W/Kg, fidelity factor higher than 70%, near field directivity more than 93% and homogeneity more than 90% of the field in the center of the phantom. The proposed active circuits also have impedance bandwidth specifications of 1 to 6 GHz, a gain of more than 10 dB, and a noise of less than 3 dB.
Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Based Joint Resource Allocation for Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Vehicular Communication
Authors: Khan Nasir
Published: December 2022

Future vehicular networks must ensure ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) for the timely delivery of safety-critical information. Previously proposed resource allocation schemes for URLLC mostly rely on centralized optimization-based algorithms and cannot guarantee the reliability and latency requirements of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications. This paper investigates the joint power and blocklength allocation to minimize the worst-case decoding-error probability in the finite blocklength (FBL) regime for a URLLC-based V2V communication network. We formulate the problem as a non-convex mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem (MINLP). We first develop a centralized optimization theory-based algorithm based on the derivation of the joint convexity of the decoding error probability in the blocklength and transmit power variables within the region of interest. Next, we propose a two-layered multi-agent deep reinforcement learning based centrally trained and distributively executed framework. The first layer involves establishing multiple deep Q-networks (DQNs) at the central trainer to train the local DQNs for block length optimization. The second layer involves an actor-critic network and utilizes the deep deterministic policy-gradient (DDPG)-based algorithm to train the local actor network for each V2V link. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed distributed scheme can achieve close-to-optimal solutions with a much lower computational complexity than the centralized optimization based solution. 
A Comprehensive Review of AIoT-based Edge Devices and Lightweight Deployment
Authors: Sun Kailai , Wang Xinwei , Zhao Qianchuan
Published: December 2022

Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) which integrates artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT), has attracted increasing attention recently. With the remarkable development of AI, deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved great success from research to deployment in many applications. However, deploying complex and state-of-the-art (SOTA) AI models on edge applications is increasingly a big challenge. This paper focuses on the convergence of AIoT-based edge devices, lightweight DNNs, and neural network compression. We provide a comprehensive analysis of them and many practical suggestions for researchers: how to obtain/design lightweight DNNs, how to select suitable AI edge devices, and how to compress and deploy them in practice. Finally, future trends and opportunities are presented, including trustworthy AI, federated learning, and robust deployment. 
Time-Optimal Model Predictive Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Considering Current and Torque Constraints
Authors: Brosch Anian , Wallscheid Oliver , Böcker Joachim
Published: December 2022

In various permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive applications the torque dynamics are an important performance criterion. Here, time-optimal control (TOC) methods can be utilized to achieve highest control dynamics. Applying state-of-the-art TOC methods leads to unintended overcurrents and torque over- and undershoots during transient operation. To prevent these unintended control characteristics while still achieving TOC performance the time-optimal model predictive control (TO-MPC) is proposed in this work. The TO-MPC contains a reference pre-rotation (RPR) and a continuous control set model predictive flux control (CCS-MPFC). By applying Pontryagin's maximum principle, the TOC solution trajectories for states and inputs of the PMSM are determined neglecting current and torque limits. With the TOC solution, a flux linkage reference for the CCS-MPFC is calculated that corresponds to a pre-rotation of the operating point in the stator-fixed coordinate system. This pre-rotated flux linkage reference is reached in minimum time without overcurrents and torque over- as well as undershoots by incorporating current and torque limits as time-varying softened state constraints into the CCS-MPFC. Simulative and experimental investigations for linearly and nonlinearly magnetized PMSMs in the whole speed and torque range show that, compared to state-of-the-art TOC methods, overcurrents and torque over- as well as undershoots are prevented by the proposed TO-MPC.
تحليل حجم تداول الأسهم باستخدام الأساليب الكمية دراسة تطبيقية في سوق العراق للأوراق المالية
Authors: الحسناوي سالم , داود تحسين
Published: December 2022

يهدف البحث الى التعرف على مدى إمكانية استخدام نموذج السلاسل الزمنية في تحليل حجم تداول اسهم شركات القطاع الصناعي المدرجة في سوق العراق للأوراق المالية ، الذي يساعد المستثمرين في معرفة التغيرات المؤثرة على إداء الأسهم ، من خلال معدل دوران الاسهم لمدة سنتين اعتباراً من1/1/2017 ولغاية 31/12/2018 ، بالاعتماد على البيانات الأسبوعية والشهرية ، إذ تم استخدام (طريقة المربعات الصغرى) ، وتوصل البحث الى استنتاج مفاده ان سلسلة القيمة النسبية لمعدل دوران الاسهم الاسبوعية والشهرية المجردة من تأثير الاتجاه العام لسنة 2017 كانت أكثر استقراراً , مقارنة بسلسلة القيمة النسبية لمعدل دوران الاسهم الاسبوعية والشهرية المجردة من تأثير الاتجاه العام  لسنة 2018 وذلك لان القيم النسبية في سنة 2018 كانت متذبذبة في أغلب قيمها .
الأداء الاقتصادي لمشروع مصفى الديوانية
Authors: الغزالي فاضل , مثقال علي
Published: December 2022

تحظى الدراسات المتعلقة بالقطاع الصناعي النفطي بأهمية كبيرة من قبل الباحثين الاقتصاديين والماليين في الدول المتقدمة والنامية على حد سواء. وتكمن مشكلة البحث في وجود وتوفر الموارد التي من شأنها ان تسهم في عملية توسيع وزيادة الانتاج لكن تحتاج الى قرار من الإدارة العليا لكي يتسنى لإدارة المشروع القيام بالإجراءات اللازمة لذلك. ويهدف البحث الى اجراء عملية تقويم الاداء لمشروع مصفى الديوانية عن طريق استخدام معايير تقويم الاداء الاقتصادي والمالي بغية معرفة مدى كفاءة المشروع وقدرته على استغلال الموارد المتوفرة لديه وقياس مدى كفاءته الانتاجية وتشخيص مقدار الانحرافات ووضع الحلول المناسبة لها. وتضمن البحث ثلاثة مباحث، هي الجانب النظري والمفاهيمي لعملية تقويم الأداء الاقتصادي والجانب الوصفي لمشروع مصفى الديوانية والجانب التطبيقي لمشروع مصفى الديوانية.
القضاء والقدر لإبراهيم بن محمد البيهقي- دراسة تحليلية
Authors: دهش عقيل
Published: December 2022

يرمي البحث الى بيان موقف البيهقي من مسألة القضاء والقدر وما جاء في كتابه (القضاء والقدر) من تفريعات كثيرة وقف عندها واستدل عليها من القرآن والسنة النبوية. ويتلخص منهج البيهقي في كتابه بالاستشهاد أولا بالنصوص القرآنية ثم أحاديث النبي وأقوال الصحابة والتابعين والرواة والمحدثين والإخباريين. وينقسم البحث الى مدخل ومبحثين، تضمن المدخل نبذة عن حياة المؤلف، وتناول المبحث الأول موقف البيهقي من القضاء والقدر، وتندرج تحته خمس فقرات هي: موقف البيهقي من تقدير المقادير وتدوينها في الذكر، وموقفه من المسح على ظهر آدم وخروج الذرية وموقفه من تقدير أفعال العباد وموقفه من الإيمان بمشيئة الله وموقف من دخول الناس الجنة، أما المبحث الثاني فتناول استدلالات البيهقي على القضاء والقدر، ويشمل خمس فقرات أيضا: الأولى ما استدل به الصحابة وأعلام الدين، والثانية النفع والضر كلاهما بيد الله عز وجل، والثالثة بلوغ الإيمان باللطف الإلهي لا بمجرد العمل، والرابعة كل إنسان يبعث على ما مات عليه، والخامسة الهداية والضلال من عند الله سبحانه.
التباين المكاني لمؤشرات خدمات المستشفيات الحكومية وكفاءتها في محافظة بابل
Authors: الربيعي عامر , سامي قاسم
Published: December 2022

تعد المستشفيات أحد اهم وأكبر مكونات النظام الصحي التي تقدم الخدمات الصحية في المجتمعات المنظمة. ونظراً لما يتوافر للمستشفيات من امكانيات مادية وفنية وبشرية كبيرة, ازداد الاهتمام بها بهدف ضمان كفاءة وفعالية استعمال هذه الموارد بما يحقق الهدف الاساسي من وجودها وهو تقديم خدمات صحية ذات جودة عالية وبأقل كلفة.

يهدف البحث الى دراسة واقع مؤشرات الخدمات المقدمة في المستشفيات الحكومية في محافظة بابل من حيث كفاءتها وكفايتها وفقاً للمؤشرات التخطيطية المحلية. واتضح تدني مستوى الخدمات الصحية وعدم عدالة التوزيع المكاني لها مقارنة بالحجم السكني, وبالتالي فأن المستشفيات القائمة لا تسد الحاجة الفعلية للسكان, ويتضح ذلك من خلال وجود تركز للمستشفيات في مدينة الحلة وبعض الوحدات الادارية الاخرى, وحرمان وحدات ادارية اخرى منها, كما وتفتقر اغلب هذه المستشفيات الى المراكز الطبية التخصصية وقلة عدد الاسرة في بعض المستشفيات مما يسبب ضغطاً على المستشفيات الاخرى. وقد اتضح ضعف الكفاءة الوظيفية للمستشفيات, إذ اظهرت الدراسة بأن معدل (مستشفى / نسمة) في المحافظة مرتفع بلغ (144,985) نسمة لعام (2020) وهو معدل مرتفع قياساً بالمعيار المحلي البالغ (50,000 نسمة/ مستشفى) كما بلغ العجز في عدد المستشفيات (23) على مستوى المحافظة ومعدل (نسمة / سرير) إذ يوجد (2,900) سرير داخل المستشفيات بينما بلغ العجز الحالي (10,873) سرير على مستوى محافظة بابل.
مدى مساهمة الأمم المتحدة في تشكيل القواعد الدولية الخاصة بالفضاء السيبراني دراسة في ضوء تقرير فريق الخبراء الدولي لعام ٢٠٢١
Authors: عبد الحمزة سامر
Published: December 2022

صدر تقرير فريق الخبراء عام 2021 متضمناً مجموعة من المبادئ حول تطبيق قواعد القانون الدولي العام علی العمليات التي تقوم بها الدول في الفضاء السيبراني، وقد كان لمنظمة الأمم المتحدة الدور الاساس في تشكيل الفريق والذي ساهم في اعداد هذه المبادئ، الا ان التساؤل الأهم هو اهمية دور منظمة الأمم المتحدة في تكوين قواعد متكاملة لما يخص التهديدات التي فرضها الفضاء السيبراني علی الأمن والسلم الدوليين.

وسوف نتناول موضوع البحث في ثلاث مباحث يكون الأول مخصص للتطور التاريخي لدور الأمم المتحدة في التعامل مع الفضاء السيبراني، ويكون الثاني لبحث مضمون المبادئ الواردة في تقرير الخبراء لعام 2021 اما المبحث الاخير فنتناول فيه اهمية تلك المبادئ في تشكيل قواعد دولية تحكم الفضاء السيبراني.
تطبيقات نظرية الضرورة في ظل جائحة كورونا وفقاً للقانون العراقي
Authors: عبد الزهرة غصون , محمد علي زينب
Published: December 2022

مما لاشك فيه إن الازمة الكورونية التي تخطت في تداعياتها حواجز الحدود الوطنية ، ولامست في مفاعيلها القانونية كافة الانظمة الدستورية والقانونية حول العالم ، شكلت بلا ريب "أزمة قانونية" واختبارا حقيقياً ومباشراً لمدى كفاية النصوص في إيجاد تكييف قانوني لها من خلال المفاهيم الثابتة والمبادئ التي دأبت النظم القانونية على ترسيخها والعمل بهديها منذ عقود مضت ، تأكيدأً لمقولة " إن حماية الانسان وخدمته هما هدف أي نص تشريعي ، ومحور أي قرار أو إجراء أو تدبير تنفيذي " , لكل ذلك ، وجدنا من المفيد ، بل من الضروري ، محاولة البحث عن إجابات سليمة لبعض التساؤلات الهامة التي تعكس بمجملها أبرز جوانب هذه الازمة الكونية التي نرجو أن تكون آنية وغير ممتدة ، كونها تلامس مصالح وحقوق وحريات معظم الافراد والمجتمعات الكونية.  

ومن ابرز هذه الاسئلة , محاولة معرفة مدى امكانية اعمال نظرية الضرورة في ظل جائحة كورونا لاسيما ان من مبررات هذه النظرية إن سلامة الدولة فوق كل اعتبار ، كما ويقوم جوهر نظرية الضرورة على إفتراض قيام خطر جسيم وحال يهدد كيان الدولة و المؤسسات الدستورية ، بحيث لاتجدي القواعد القانونية التي وضعت للظروف العادية في مواجهته ، فتجد نفسها مضطرة لتقریر إجراءات خاصة لمواجهة هذه الجائحة التي قد تشكل تهدیداً لمؤسسات الدولة واستقرارها ، وسلامة وصحة مواطنیها ، وبالتالي الانتقال من نطاق " المشروعیة العادیة " إلى " المشروعیة الاستثنائیة " التي تسمح باتخاذ إجراءات أكثر تقییداً للحقوق والحریات ، بما یتماشى مع طبیعة الوضع المُستجد الخطیر , ولنا كذلك ان نتساءل عن التكييف القانوني لهذه الجائحة ومدى انطباق المصطلحات التي تناولتها الدساتير وهل تعد جائحة كورونا حدثاً استثنائياً ام انها قوة قاهرة .
انقضاء الافلاس بالمقايضة
Authors: عبد بارق , الفحام هبة
Published: December 2022

ان التطورات الاقتصادية ادت الى تعقد الحياة فبدأ الافراد يبحثون عن موارد تمكنهم من توفير مصدر العيش لهم, ومن مجمل تلك الموارد هو اللجوء الى الاتجار, فأضحت التجارة سبب في التبادل بنوعيه الداخلي والخارجي , حيث اتسعت العلاقة التجارية فلم تعد مقتصرة على التجارة الداخلية بل اصبح هناك تبادل على مستوى دولي, والتجارة قد تكون ذا صفقة رابحة واخرى غير رابحة, مما ينتج عنها في حالة الخسارة اصابة الشخص التاجر بالافلاس, فالتاجر يتعرض للعديد من الازمات والاخفاقات في حياته التجارية من شأنها ان تؤدي الى حدوث  ضائقة مالية تعجزه عن الوفاء بديونه, يجد التاجر نفسه في موقف يصعب تجاوزه ، خصوصاً إذا تمسك الدائنون بحقهم في الحصول على ديونهم وعدم الموافقة على التسوية ، وأمام هذا الوضع لابد من ايجاد الحلول الكفيلة بمعالتجها وتمثلت بنظام المقايضة ، مفادها أن يكون دائن معين صاحب حق على التاجر المفلس ، ولكن في نفس الوقت يتوفر مقابل لدى المدين التاجر المفلس ، وعليه ينتج عن هذه المقايضة زوال الدينين المتقابلين على الرغم من افتتاح إجراءات الإفلاس ، وحصول الدائن المعني على دينه بطريقة غير مباشرة متقدماً على بقية الدائنين , يتضح مما سبق ان الافلاس يعتبر حكم على الشخص التاجر يترتب عليه جملة من الاجراءات, بعض تلك الاجراءات تنصب على شخص التاجر, فالافلاس هنا شرع لحماية المدين وحماية دائنية, بالنسبة لشخص المدين يحميه من بقية الدائنين الذي يروم كل منهم التنفيذ على اموال التاجر المفلس, ومن ناحية اخرى يصب في مصلحة الدائنين لان اموال التاجر تقسم بينهم على التساوي كي لا ينفرد احد منهم في امواله وضياع حق ما تبقى من الدائنين.
جدلية الرأي والاجتهاد العقلي في تفسير آيات القرآن الكريم
Authors: المدني علي , الفتلاوي زهير
Published: December 2022

تكمن أهمية الموضوع في أن التفريق بين الرأي والاجتهاد لهي من ضروريات الدخول في مجال تفسير القرآن الكريم فمن دون الوقوف على حل هذه الجدلية فلا يسلم من المفسر من الخوض في الرأي. وتضمنت منهجية البحث: المنهج الاستقرائي، واستعمل لجمع المادة العلمية من مصادرها، والمنهج التحليلي، وتم من خلاله تفكيك المادة العلمية وبيانها وفهم أواصر الارتباط بين جزئياتها، وتمت هيكلة البحث بحسب المادة العلمية المستقاة من المصادر على مقدمة وتمهيد ومبحثين ونتائج، إذ استعرض في التمهيد تعدد الاتجاهات التفسيرية واختلافهم في منع وجواز التفسير بالرأي، أما المبحث الأول تمحور حول التفسير بالرأي وحقيقته، وأما طبيعة المبحث الثاني فقد اختصت ببيان علاقة العقل بالتدبر.
Enzymatic Characterization, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Protease from Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Seed and Leaf Extracts
Authors: Wubie Nigatu , Yusuf Zekeria , Desta Mulugeta , Tekilu Tadele
Published: December 2022

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)  proteins are appreciated due to their high biological values, well balanced amino acid content and low content of anti-nutritional factors. The present study was undertaken to investigate enzymatic characterization, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of protease extract from chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). The chickpea seed and leaf samples collected from farmer’s field were used for protease enzyme extraction. The protein concentration was determined by Lowry method. Protease activity was assayed by using casein as a substrate. Optimization of the enzyme activity was made based on pH and temperature. The antioxidant activity was tested based on hydrogen peroxide, and DPPH free radical scavenging activities. The antimicrobial experiment was conducted based on disc diffusion and broth dilution methods. The result of crude protein extracts and protease activity has demonstrated that significantly the highest protein concentration (74.53%) and protease activity (22. 20U/ml) in seed supernatant solution. The effect pH on protease activity demonstrated the optimum pH for the protease extract was > pH6. The effect of temperature on protease activity demonstrated that the optimum temperature for protease activity was around 40oC. Significantly the highest free radical scavenging activity of diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl DPPH (40.65%) and HPSA (57.95%) were recorded for seed supernatant enzyme extract. The the strongest antibacterial activity with maximum zone of inhibition (22.35mm), minimum inhibitory concentration MIC (1.5µg/ml) and corresponding minimum bactericidal concentration MBC (2.5µg/ml) against S. aureus were recorded for leaf supernatant enzyme extract against  Staphylococcus aureus. The highest dose of the enzyme extract (30µg/ml) revealed maximum antifungal activity with the highest zone of inhibition (18.25mm), MIC (1.5µg/ml) and corresponding minimum fungicidal concentration MFC (2µg/ml) was recorded for leaf supernatant against Candida albicans. The finding of the present study demonstrated that the supernatant enzyme extract has got higher biological activities including antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials.
CONJUGATED HYDROGELS BASED ON POLY-N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE, EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX AND PLATELET LYSATE, AND THEIR MEDICAL IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Останкова Ирина Валерьевна , Полтавцева Римма Алексеевна , Пульвер Александр Юрьевич , Пульвер Наталья Александровна
Published: December 2022

Важной темой исследований в современной науке является получение интеллектуальных материалов на основе полимеров, которые могут самостоятельно регулировать свои физические и (или) химические характеристики при воздействии внешних раздражителей. Гидрогели на основе поли-N-изопропилакриламида (ПНИПААм) показывают отличные термореактивные свойства, что повышает их возможности в различных биомедицинских применениях, таких как доставка лекарств, тканевая инженерия и перевязка ран. В статье представлены разработки синтеза гидрогелей на основе ПНИПААм, внеклеточного матрикса (ВКМ) и тромбоцитарного лизата (ТЛ) для медицинского применения. Основным способом синтеза поли-N-винилкапролактама (ПВК) является полимеризация N-винилкапролактама (ВК) в органических растворителях по радикальному механизму, в нашей работе используют синтез поли-N-винилкапролактама в этиловом спирте. Полученные образцы геля ПВК со степенями сшивки 5-10% от массы мономера не обладают текучестью и представляют собой набухшие студнеобразные полимеры при комнатной температуре. Задачей жидкой биоинженерной ткани (БТ) является создание покрытия поврежденного слоя ткани (например, эндометрия) с целью предупреждения формирования спаек, а также улучшение структуры регенерирующей ткани. Использование гидрогеля ПНИПА позволяет увеличить адгезию к живой ткани за счет его солидификации

Smart polymer-based materials that can self-regulate their physical and/or chemical properties when exposed to external stimuli are an important research topic in modern science. Poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAAm) - based hydrogels show excellent thermosetting properties, which increases their potential for a wide range of biomedical application, such as drug delivery, tissue engineering and wound dressing. The article presents some developmental designs for hydrogels based on PNIPAAm, extracellular matrix and platelet lysate (PL) slated for medical applications. The main method for the synthesis of poly-N-vinylcaprolactam is the polymerization of N-vinylcaprolactam in organic solvents according to the radical mechanism; in our work, the synthesis of poly-N-vinylcaprolactam in ethanol is used. The resulting PVC gel samples with degrees of crosslinking of 5-10% by weight of the monomer do not have fluidity and are swollen gelatinous polymers at room temperature. The task of liquid bioengineered tissue is to create a coating of a damaged tissue layer (for example, the endometrium) in order to prevent the formation of adhesions, as well as improve the structure of the regenerating tissue. The use of PNIPA hydrogel makes it possible to increase adhesion to living tissue due to its solidification
ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITY OF THE AMBULANCE STATION
Authors: Новикова Екатерина Ивановна , Арчегова Алана Валерьевна , Копалиани Алина Рамазовна , Новиков Максим Константинович
Published: December 2022

Существует прямая зависимость исходов тяжелых травм и патологических состояний, требующих экстренных лечебных мероприятий, от времени прибытия врача к пострадавшим и больным, от качества и объема оказанной им медицинской помощи, правильно организованной транспортировки в стационар с продолжением оказания помощи в пути. Оказание неотложной медицинской помощи при угрожающих жизни состояниях в полном объеме и в кратчайшие сроки является зачастую решающим фактором для спасения жизни людей и обусловливает необходимость постоянной мобильной готовности всей службы. Служба скорой медицинской помощи представлена разветвленной сетью станций, подстанций, отделений скорой помощи и городских больниц скорой медицинской помощи. Для наглядного представления процессов, протекающих в системе, выявления взаимосвязей основных и вспомогательных элементов, управления и главных видов ресурсов, деятельность станции СМП была смоделирована при помощи методологии IDEF0. Эффективность деятельности станции СМП можно узнать, рассчитав ее основные статистические показатели и проанализировав их. По полученным значениям был проведен анализ эффективности деятельности. Скорая медицинская помощь является одним из важнейших видов медицинской помощи, по этой причине необходим жесткий контроль со стороны ведомственных органов как за самим исполнением медицинских услуг данного вида, так и за их качеством

There is a direct correlation between the outcomes of severe injuries and pathological conditions requiring emergency treatment, on the time the doctor arrives to the injured and sick, on the quality and volume of medical care provided to them, on properly organized transportation to the hospital with continued assistance along the way. The provision of emergency medical care in life-threatening conditions in full and in the shortest possible time is often a decisive factor for saving people's lives and necessitates the constant mobile readiness of the entire service. The ambulance service is represented by an extensive network of stations, substations, emergency departments and city emergency hospitals. For a visual representation of the processes occurring in the system, to identify the relationship between the main and auxiliary elements, management and main types of resources, the activity of the NSR station was modeled using the IDEF0 methodology. The effectiveness of the NSR station can be found by calculating its main statistical indicators and analyzing them. Based on the obtained values, an analysis of the effectiveness of the activity was carried out. Emergency medical care is one of the most important types of medical care, for this reason, strict control by departmental bodies is necessary both for the very performance of medical services of this type and for their quality
METROPOLIZAÇÃO
Authors: Seabra Odette Carvalho de Lima
Published: December 2022

A formação da metrópole é considerada no encadeamento lógico dos processos que interessam à urbanização da sociedade. Constata-se que a incapacidade física e normativa da cidade para responder adequada e funcionalmente aos processos de concentração e de centralização, explica a formação do tecido urbano que prolifera em todas as direções e sentidos. Disto resulta que as noções de cidade, de bairro e de metrópole correspondem às circunstâncias temporais da história sendo, a metrópole, um ponto de chegada do processo de implosão e explosão da cidade. Conseqüentemente a reprodução social, enquanto reprodução do urbano, expressa uma espacialidade fragmentada que configura os territórios de uso (guetos).
CAPILARES DA TRANSFORMAÇÃO SOCIAL
Authors: Lanz Stephan
Published: December 2022

o artigo discute inicialmente, de forma crítica, o conceito de “movimento social urbano” cunhado por manuel Castells, e investiga, utilizando exemplos de diferentes metrópoles sul-americanas, a questão de saber nos marcos de quais “constelações societais e políticas” os movimentos urbanos que objetivavam mudanças fundamentais nas cidades durante a segunda metade do século xx puderam se desenvolver. Serão diferenciadas três fases: as revoltas urbanas radicais que se seguiram aos movimentos estudantis do final dos anos 60, a atuação dos movimentos urbanos no processo de democratização durante a fase final dos regimes autoritários e a fase marcada pelos atores coletivos que, no final dos anos 90, reagiram às consequências sociais do neoliberalismo.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Berbicara dengan Menerapkan Metode Role Playing pada Siswa Kelas IV
Authors: Prawiyogi Anggy Giri , Sri Wulan Anggraeni  , Dian Amalia  , Annita Rosalina
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil kemampuan berbicara siswa sebelum dan sesudah menerapkan metode Role Playing, serta penerapan metode Role Playing pada siswa kelas IV SDN Kondangjaya I. Penelitian ini tergolong ke dalam Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Penelitian ini akan menciptakan kolaborasi peneliti dan guru kelas IV SDN Kondangjaya I. Teknik pengumpulan data yang  digunakan adalah observasi dan test. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data observasi dan analisis data hasil tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukan, hasil kemampuan berbicara siswa sebelum menerapkan metode Role Playing menunjukan bahwa aspek atau indikator kebahasaan berada pada posisi rendah dengan nilai 126 rata-rata 31,5%, sedangkan dalam aspek atau indikator non kebahasaan dengan nilai 191 rata-rata 31,83%.  Penerapan metode Role Playing dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara siswa kelas IV di SDN Kondangjaya 1 mengalami  peningkatan secara signifkan berdasarkan hasil belajar siswa selama menggunakan metode Role Playing. Oleh karena itu, penerapan metode Role Playing merupakan metode yang tepat dalam kemampuan berbicara siswa khususnya jenjang SD.  Hasil kemampuan berbicara siswa setelah menerapkan metode Role Playing dengan 2 siklus yaitu hasil siklus I dengan 2 kali pertemuan angka dalam aspek atau indikator kebahasaan tersebut berubah naik menjadi 146 dengan rata-rata 36,5%, sedangkan dalam aspek atau indikator non kebahasaan dengan nilai 207 rata-rata 34,5%. Adapun pada siklus II dengan 2 kali pertemuan ternyata kemampuan berbicara siswa kelas IV di SDN Kondangjaya 1 ini ternyata naik lagi dengan aspek atau indikator kebahasaan menjadi 186, rata-rata 46,5% sedangkan aspek atau indikator non kebahasaan menjadi 288 dengan  rata-rata 48.
Perbedaan Performa Motor Revo 110 Cc dengan menggunakan Campuran Zat Aditif pada Bahan Bakar Pertalite dan Tanpa Zat Aditif
Authors: Kristiana A Yanuar
Published: December 2022

Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi kini semakin berkembang pesat, terutama dalam bidang teknologi otomotif, Perkembangan teknologi di bidang otomotif ini diikuti dengan meningkatnya keinginan masyarakat Indonesia  akan performa motornya yang baik dengan berbagai cara, mulai dari memodifikasi motor, sampai menambahkan zat aditif sebagai campuran bahan bakar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh penambahan zat aditif dalam bahan bakar pertalite terhadap performa dan konsumsi bahan bakar. Metode penelitian ini adalah eksperimen dan statistika deskriptif. dilakukan variasi RPM 3000, 4000, dan 5000 RPM untuk mengetahui perbedaan daya, torsi dan konsumsi bahan bakar, pengujian daya dan torsi menggunakan Dhynotest, sedangkan pengujian konsumsi bahan bakar dilakukan dengan pengamatan melalui burret/labu ukur. Dari hasil penelitian dapat dilihat bahwa adanya peningkatan daya dan torsi disebabkan karena adanya peningkatan RON yang membuat tekanan kompresi dan juga saat pengapian yang tepat sehingga tekanan hasil pembakarannya relatif maksimal dan torsi yang dihasilkan juga maksimal. torsi maksimal dihasilkan pada 4000 rpm dengan menggunakan campuran pertalite zat aditif yaitu sebesar 7.80 Nm, sedangkan daya maksimal dihasilkan pada 5000 rpm dengan menggunakan campuran pertalite zat aditif yaitu sebesar 3.40 kW.  Menurunnya konsumsi bahan bakar dikarenakan terbentuknya campuran bahan bakar dan udara yang proposional dan dikarenakan proses pembakaran yang sempurna di dalam ruang bakar. Konsumsi bahan bakar terendah didapat pada 4000 rpm dengan menggunakan campuran pertalite zat aditif yaitu sebesar 0.33 kg/kW.jam.
Criterios para diseñar tareas que desarrollen el razonamiento algebraico elemental
Authors: Gaita Cecilia , Ugarte Francisco , Gonzales Cintya
Published: December 2022

Se presenta una propuesta de criterios que permiten valorar y modificar problemas para lograr un incremento progresivo en el nivel de algebrización de las actividades matemáticas realizadas por los alumnos. Para la construcción de los mismos, se toman en cuenta los niveles de razonamiento algebraico, propuestos por el Enfoque Ontosemiótico. Luego, se valida la propuesta a partir del trabajo con un grupo de docentes en ejercicio y presentamos el resultado de su aplicación a una tarea perteneciente a un libro de texto, se analiza el problema original y se modifica de acuerdo a los criterios. Concluimos que el uso de los criterios propuestos ayudó a incorporar interrogantes que demandan el empleo de diversos lenguajes, evidenciando a través de la solución esperada que, en ese proceso, las prácticas matemáticas demandarán cada vez un mayor grado de generalización: desde la identificación de las regularidades a partir de un conjunto finito de valores, las cuales se comunican verbalmente, hasta la unitarización de la regla de formación de funciones lineales y afines, y el reconocimiento de familias de funciones, empleando el lenguaje alfanumérico.
History and modern aspects of treatment of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
Authors: Zabolotnyi Dmitry I. , Zabolotna Diana D. , Ismahilov Eldar R. , Tsvirinko Irina R. , Kizim Yaroslav V.
Published: December 2022

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a rare benign tumor that is clinically manifested by epistaxis, usually occurs in males aged 9–27 years and accounts for approximately 0.5% of all head and neck tumors.
The article presents historical data on the diagnosis and treatment of JNA. Modern views on the etiology of JNA are also represented.
The development of such areas of medicine as anesthesiology (intubation, adequate analgesia and anesthesia, hemosubstitution, resuscitation), neuroradiology, endovascular surgery contributed to a further push in solving the problem of JNA. Attempts to visualize and treat this tumor have accompanied the evolution of the surgical treatment of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma.
Today, the problem of JNA surgery is one of the most controversial and relevant in modern otolaryngology and neurosurgery. The key to this problem is the optimal choice of access to JNA.
The article presents the results of treatment of 32 patients with JNA in the State Institution “Kolomiychenko Institute of Otolaryngology of NAMS of Ukraine. All patients underwent surgery by endoscopic endonasal approach. Selective angiography with embolization was performed only in patients with stages II and III according to Fisch classification. Patients with stage I did not receive embolization. The study protocol included CT and MRI examinations with intravenous contrast to determine the diagnosis and determine the stage of the tumor according to Fisch. Tumor recurrence was observed in 2 patients, and these patients had stage II according to Fisch.
Tumor recurrence in all cases was observed in the pterygopalatine fossa area.
Assessment of Fruit Fly Infestation on Melon Manis Terengganu (Cucumis melo var. inodorus) at Different Fruit Ripening Stages
Authors: Azizol Azeli Nor Aminah , Mohamed Salmah , Md.Yusof Nur Athiqah
Published: December 2022

Cucumis melo var inodorus or known as Melon Manis Terengganu (MMT) is a new variety of rockmelon and has been developed and grown exclusively in Terengganu since 2015. However, pest infestations such as fruit flies have reduced melon production yields, and research on fruit flies is still poorly studied in this new variety. Therefore, this study was aimed to identify the fruit fly’s species infested MMT as well as to determine the infestation rate of fruit flies on MMT at different ripening stages. The infested MMT fruits were randomly collected for three consecutive weeks prior to harvest and each week was represented as unripe stage (Week 1), ripe stage (Week 2) and fully-ripe stage (Week 3). Each week, 10 fruit samples were brought to the laboratory and weighed individually before being placed in plastic containers. The fruits were reared until all larvae transformed into pupae for determination of infestation rates and emergence of adult fruit flies for species identification. A total of 232 of fruit flies adults emerged from 30 MMT fruit samples collected and all the flies were identified as Zeugodacus cucurbitae (previously known as Bactrocera cucurbitae).  Unripe stage fruits recorded the highest infestation rate of fruit flies at 28.24 ± 18.58 pupae/kg and followed by ripe stage at 24.47 ± 8.17 pupae/kg. Whilst the fully-ripe stage had the lowest infestation rate of flies at 13.5 ± 5.07 pupae/kg. However, no significant difference (P>0.05) of infestation rate was recorded among the different fruit stages. This study contributes new information on the fruit fly’s species that attack MMT and its infestation rate. Hence, these findings are expected to help better management of MMT fruit flies in the future.