bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of the Occurrence and Mechanisms of Induction of Osteoporosis Following Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Barzegar-Bafrouei Abolfazl , Javdani Moosa
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes devastating injuries in patients. The main mechanisms of the pathogenesis of secondary injury include nerve degeneration, gliosis, and inflammation. Spinal cord injury induces a disorder or failure in several organs due to the vital role of the spinal cord in regulating bodily functions. Osteoporosis is a consequence of spinal cord injury that occurs in the vast majority of patients with spinal cord injury.
Articles on the related topic were searched in the following databases: Science Direct, Scopus, Springer Science, PubMed and Google scholar to have been used in writing from this review article. A total of 120 related research papers, including quantitatve and qualitative researches in English, from the last 57 years papers (1962- 2019) were included in this study. The review article is written according to 120 articles and the keywords “Spinal cord injury, Osteoporosis, Inflammation, Osteoblast and Osteoclast”.
Conclusion: Although weight loss is an important factor in the development of osteoporosis following SCI, inflammation, nerve damage, and hormonal changes also contribute to this process. Hormonal changes mediated by SCI may contribute to postoperative osteoporosis with several mechanisms. These mechanisms included: increased renal excretion and decreased intestinal absorption of calcium, consequently, a negative balance of calcium ions; Vitamin D deficiency; impair the function of the gonads and inhibits the osteoanabolic (ossification) activity of sex steroids; elevated blood leptin; Pituitary suppression of parathyroid hormone, and bone loss following SCI may (at least in part) be caused directly by insulin resistance and insulin-like growth factor.
Relationship between Tooth Loss and Physical Activity, Dietary Habits and Smoking in Residents of Yazd City (YaHS Study)
Authors: Hatami Mahnaz , Mirzaei Masoud , Saeed Nasim
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Tooth loss is debilitating and affects the quality of life. This problem has multiple etiologies like microorganisms, physical activity, nutrition and smoking. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between tooth loss and physical activity, dietary habits and smoking in adults of Yazd City.
Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted using the information of registration phase of the Yazd People's Health Study on 9966 residents in the age group of 20 to 70 years between 2014 and 2015. The data were obtained using standard questionnaires. Frequency and relationship between the variables were analyzed using SPSS 23 statistical software with descriptive and Chi-square statistical test.
Results: The data of 4949 (49.9%) men and 5017 (50.6%) women were analyzed in this study. 23.3% of population had lost 9 teeth and more. There was a statistically significant relationship between tooth loss and age, physical activity, dietary habits and smoking (P ≤ 0.0001). However, there was no statistically significant relationship between tooth loss and gender (P = 0.84).
Conclusion: Considering the limitations of this study, resulted that aging, poor dietary habits, lack of physical activity and smoking related with tooth loss, but there is no relationship with gender.
Prevalence and Incidence of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in Guilan Province
Authors: Hosseininezhad Mozaffar , Saadat Sajjad , Bakhshipour Houra , Nasiri Paria
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Guilan Province) and to compare the standardized prevalence by the factor of age in this province.
Methods: The study was a cross-sectional design that was conducted in 2018 at the Guilan MS Society (GMSS) on people with multiple sclerosis and examined the 654 people with multiple sclerosis case. In this study, the trend of MS disease was examined from 2009 to 2019 and in order to investigate the rate of cumulative incidence of the disease, new cases were defined based on the date of diagnosis of the disease from the beginning of 2018. Data collection was performed using a checklist that was collected during the GMSS registration by a registrar in the form of a structured interview. Prevalence rate was compared between different subgroups using Chi-Square and Fisher's exact tests. Field characteristics were described by using absolute and relative frequency indices or mean and standard deviation using Stata 13 and SPSS 19 statistical software.
Results: The results showed that 71.4% of all patients were female. The mean age of the patients was 36.5 years and the highest frequency of MS was observed in the age group of 30-40. The MS patients lived in the urban were 81%. The highest initial manifestations of people with multiple sclerosis were reported in numbness or tingling, vision problems, weakness, other symptoms, and walking (Gait) difficulties, respectively. The highest prevalence of MS was in Lahijan and then Rasht and Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh citie..
Conclusion: From the results of this study, it is concluded that there is no significant difference between the prevalence rate in Guilan Province and the standardized rate with the age adjustment based on the WHO standard population, although no analytical comparison has been performed in this study.
Assessment of safety climate status in personnel of Naeen Tile Industries Company in 2019
Authors: Taherzadeh Chenani Kh , Jafari Nodoushan R , Madadizadeh F , Vaziri Sarashk AM
Published: April 2021

Introduction: safety occupational safety researchers have always analyzed climate analysis. Climate can be investigated at different organizational levels. The purpose of the present study was to examine the safety climate among Nain tile factory workers and its relationship with having a history of occupational accidents.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2019 among the Nain Tile factory staff. The Nordic Safety Climate Questionnaire (NOSACQ-50) was used to assess the safety climate among workers of the different organizational departments. Out of 252, 142 workers were selected by simple random sampling. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used to analyze the data. The instrument's internal consistency was also calculated by calculating Richardson's coefficient of coefficient 0.942.coefficients were used for analytical analysis. Analyzes were performed in SPSS software version 19 with a significance level of 5%.
Results: The reliability coefficient of the whole questionnaire was calculated 0.95 using Cronbach's alpha test. The safety climate score was higher than two in all domains. Safety climate score was significantly correlated with work area and shift type. The highest score of safety climate was in the crusher section as well as in day shift work. There was no significant relationship between safety climate score and other variables of the study.
Conclusion: The safety atmosphere score is affected by the day shift and the workplace section. Therefore, it is suggested to modify the job plan and work shifts to improve the prevailing safety climate.
A review of covid-19 disesse and Occupational Considerations
Authors: Davari MH , Mehrparvar AH , Loukzadeh Z , Piri Ardakani M
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Due to the prevalence of Covid-19 disease in the country, there is a possibility of infecting employees who provide services in different work environments. Our purpose in writing this review article is to assess and analyze studies on the nature of the disease, its causative agent, occupations at risk, and the prevention and control of Covid-19 in the workplace.
Materials and Methods: In this study, intending to investigate high-risk occupations and prevent and control Covid-19 disease in the workplace, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus databases from 2019 to 2020, and CDC, ACOEM, OSHA, CCHOS, WHO guidelines were assessed by thematic search method. Twenty-four articles and 12 instructions were selected and used in writing this article.
Results: Studies have shown that many occupations, including healthcare staff, public transport staff, customs and airport staff, waste collection and disposal workers, and bathhouse staff, are at risk for this disease.
Conclusion: To take effective action to control this emerging disease in the workplace and maintain the health of workers and the continuation of economic activities, first we must better understand this disease and its causative agent, and all components of society must have sufficient information about the nature of the disease, ways of transmitting the virus, and ways to prevent and control Covid-19 disease, this can be effective in reducing lost workdays, absenteeism and preventing the spread of the virus in the community.
Cidade e sociedade: análise da paisagem urbana do município de Santana do Araguaia-PA
Authors: Silva Leandro Gracioso de Almeida e , Fonseca Karliane Massari , Silva Victoria de Souza , Silva Marinete Almeida
Published: April 2021

Vivencia-se atualmente uma onda de crescimentos, desenvolvimentos e transformações no território urbano, que por consequência acarretam uma série de problemas urbanos. A paisagem urbana de determinado local compreende a expressão sociocultural da cidade, que se mostra através de uma diversidade de materialização e simbologia que se apresentam em cada lugar e se expande no contexto social, econômico e cultural. Pretende-se, aqui, analisar a configuração da paisagem urbana do município de Santana do Araguaia-PA, a partir de sua estrutura visual, os elementos que a compõem, os problemas que se apresentam e tentar, de alguma maneira, refletir sobre as características socioespaciais, que podem contribuir futuramente na reformulação e construção de projetos urbanísticos e políticas públicas para a cidade. Diante da pesquisa bibliográfica, observações in-loco e análise das informações, verifica-se que o município está em constante transformação, mesmo a partir de certa ausência de iniciativas públicas para o seu desenvolvimento. Conclui-se então que o município apresenta certa deficiência em espaços públicos de qualidade, que correspondem desde os aspectos da pavimentação, arborização e mesmo a transformação dos usos desses espaços de lazer para outros fins.
AVIAN INFLUENZA SUBTYPE H5N1 SEROPREVALENCE OF BALINESE DUCKS IN BERINGKIT ANIMAL MARKET AND PUBLIC GALIRAN MARKET, IN BALI
Authors: UNGSYANI DERISNA SAWITRI , Kencana Gusti Ayu Yuniati , Tenaya I Wayan Masa
Published: April 2021

Flu burung atau Avian influenza (AI) subtipe H5N1, termasuk kelompok Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) yang masih mengancam industri perunggasan, kesehatan manusia, dan sejumlah spesies burung liar. Itik merupakan reservoir alami virus AI H5N1 dan diduga kuat dapat menularkan virus ke unggas lain maupun manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seroprevalensi virus AI subtipe H5N1 pada itik bali di dua pasar yang menjual hewan hidup yaitu Pasar Hewan Beringkit di Kabupaten Badung dan Pasar Umum Galiran di Klungkung, Bali. Total sampel yang diambil sebanyak 120 serum itik bali, yang diambil dari itik umur lebih dari tiga bulan dan tidak divaksinasi AI subtipe H5N1. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan sebanyak empat kali dengan interval waktu dua minggu dari masing-masing pasar tersebut. Semua sampel serum tersebut selanjutnya diuji dengan uji Hambatan Hemaglutinasi (HI). Hasil uji menunjukan bahwa seroprevalensi AI subtipe H5N1 di Pasar Hewan Beringkit sebesar 20,0%, sedangkan di Pasar Umum Galiran sebesar 23,3%. Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa itik bali yang disampling dari kedua pasar tersebut pernah terpapar virus AI H5N1 secara alami. Surveilans dan monitoring serta tindakan pencegahan secara berkala perlu dilakukan untuk mencegah penyebaran penyakit AI H5N1 di pasar hewan.
EXPRESSION OF TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-beta AND GROWTH DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR-9 ON SHEEP OOCYTES VITRIFIED AFTER AND BEFORE IN VITRO MATURATION
Authors: Faizah Zakiyatul , Aswin Raden Haryanto
Published: April 2021

Oocyte vitrification today became a hope to preserve fertility. Its was a major challenge because of oocyte characteristic in every phase. Immature oocytes were more sensitive to osmotic stress and the membrane wes less stable while mature oocyte have spindles that were very susceptible to temperature decrease. The study aim to compare the effect of vitrification before and after in vitro maturation to the expression TGF beta and GDF9. Oocyte of ewes divided into control groups (K0), K1 maturation prior vitrification, K2 vitrification prior maturation. Vitrification begins with washing oocytes in PBS supplemented of 20%serum for 1-2 minutes, followed by equilibration medium PBS + 20% serum + 10% ethylene glycol for 10-14 minutes, then transferred to 20% serum + PBS + 0.5 M sucrose + 15% ethylene glycol + PROH 15% for 25-30 seconds. Thawing was processed by in the media: 1). PBS + 20% serum + 0.5 M sucrose, 2).PBS + 20% serum + 0.25 M sucrose, and 3).PBS + 20% serum + 0.1 M sucrose. Immunocytochemical stain was performed to evaluate TGF ? and GDF9 expression. Remmele scale index (IRS) was used to read the result. TGF beta expression both in oocyte and cummulus of K0 and K1 was significant statistically difference (p<0.05) compare with K2. GDF9 expression both in oocyte and cummulus of K0 and K1 was significant statistically difference (p<0.05) compare with K2. We concluded that immature oocyte give better expression of TGF â and GDF9 than mature oocyte.
OPTIMIZATION F BALI CATTLE PERFORMANS THROUGH FEED CONCENTRATE AND ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN BULELENG REGENCY, BALI
Authors: Budiari Ni Luh Gede , Kertawirawan I Putu Agus , Yasa I Made Rai , Adijaya I Nyoman
Published: April 2021

Research related to the optimization of cow performans is done through concentrate feed and reproduction technology. This research was conducted in 2018 in Musi Village, Gerokgak Sub-district, Buleleng Regency, Bali. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 feed treatments and used 7 pregnant cows as replicates. The treatment is carried out when the cows enters 7 months pregnancy. Treatments tested: P0 cows given forage + rice bran 1 kg /cow/day + Bio Cas 5 ml/cow/day (mating with males), P1 = P0 cows mated with Artificial Imsemination (IB), P2 cows given forage + concentrates 1 kg/cow/day + bio cas 5 ml/cow/day (mating with a male), and P3 = P2 cattle mated with IB. Parameters observed that the parent body weight, weight gain calf, calf birth weight, weaning weight, calving interval, dry matter intake and feed rations convertions ratio. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance, if there are significant differences (P <0.05), followed by LSD 5%. The results showed that cows given feed concentrates and mated with IB (P3) result in weight gain of 0.52 kg/calf/ day was significantly higher (P <0.05) of P0 (0.40 kg/calf/day). Consumption of dry matter ration for P3 (2.59 kg) was significantly less (P <0.05) than P0 (2.87 kg) and resulted in the highest weight gain causing P3 FCR value of 4.98 was significantly lower than P0. Calf birth weight of all treatments showed no significant difference (P>0.05), but calf weight gain for P3 0.57 kg/calf/day was highest (P <0.05) compared to treatments P0 and P1 so that weaning weight calves P3 to 121.43 kg was significantly higher (P <0.05) than treatments P0 and P1. Estrus post partus for P3 is 2.87 months and calving interval is 12.36 months shorter than other treatments. This shows that the cows whose given concentrate feed mated through artificial insemination / males cattle produces the highest birth weight and calf weaning and short calving intervals.
ANTIPROLIFERATION ACTIVITIES OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF ROBUSTA LAMPUNG GREEN COFFEE SEEDS ON DOG TUMOR LINE CELLS
Authors: Sasmita Farra , Wientarsih Ietje , Prasetyo Bayu Febram , Priosoeryanto Bambang Pontjo
Published: April 2021

This study aim at determining the activity of ethanol extract of Robusta green coffee beans as an antiproliferation agent in MCA-B1, MCM-B2, and Vero normal cell lines as a control. Ethanol extract of Robusta green coffee beans was obtained by maceration method, bioactive compounds in the extract were tested by phytochemical screening methods, testing levels of antioxidants were tested by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, cytotoxicity effects (LC50) were tested by the method Brine Shrimp Lethallity Test (BSLT) and antiproliferation activity were carried out by counting the number of cells after being tested with several extract concentrations namely 100, 250, 400, 550, 700 and 850 ppm and doxorubicin as a positive control with a concentration of 100 ppm. The results showed that the ethanol extract of Robusta green coffee beans contained flavonoids and tannins, had very strong antioxidant levels with IC50 values of 40.9923 ppm, cytotoxicity effects obtained LC50 values of 430.64 ppm, and the highest antiproliferation activity was achieved at a concentration of 850 ppm at 69.58 % in MCM-B2 tumor cells, 60.46% in MCA-B1 tumor cells, and 14.2% in Vero normal cells. Based on the results, the ethanol extract of Robusta Lampung green coffee beans has antiproliferation activity on the test tumor cells and is relatively non-toxic to normal cells.
VAGINAL FIBROSARCOMA IN GOLDEN RETRIEVER DOG: CASE REPORT
Authors: Ahmad Fauzi , Haryo Albiruni , Permata Fajar Shodiq , Titisari Nurina
Published: April 2021

A Golden Retriever bitch, 10 years old, came to the Animal Hospital of Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia, her conditions was discharge from the vagina, stink smell, polyuria, polydipsia and swelling in the vaginal area that begin to appear one month ago. Physical examination results found her weight 30 kg, scored three for body condition score (scale 1-5), body temperature at 38ºC, pale mucous membrane, and Capillart Reill Time > 2 seconds. Hard mass was palpable in the vaginal area. Based on the anamnesis, physical examination and clinical symptoms, the bitch appeared have some different diagnosis such as pyometra, endometritis, vaginitis, and vaginal tumors. Hematology, radiograph, and histopathological laboratory tests were performed to confirm the diagnosis. Hematologic results showed the bitch suffered from leukocytosis of 41.7 x 103/?L, granulocytosis 36.5 x 103/?L, and hyperchromic microcytic anemia. The results of the radiograph examination showed a radiopaque solid mass in the vagina and uterus. The results of the histopathological examination found there were hyperchromasia nuclei and pleomorphism of fibroblast cell, and formation spindles cell of connective tissue. Based on the results of physical examination, hematological test, radiographic test, and histopathology, the dog was diagnosed with fibrosarcoma in the vagina. The treatment of this case was ovariohysterectomy and removal of the vaginal tumor. Early diagnosis and early treatment largely determine the patient’s prognosis, metastatic vaginal fibrosarcoma tumors showed poor prognosis.
DETECTION OF SALMONELLA SPP. IN COMMERCIAL EGGS FROM LAYER CHICKEN FARMS AND TRADITIONAL MARKETS IN BALI
Authors: Yansri Alifianita Anake , Plumeriastuti Hani , Effendi Mustofa Helmi
Published: April 2021

This study aims to early detect Salmonella spp. and identify serotypes in commercial chicken eggs from layer chicken farms and traditional markets in Bali. Early detection study of Salmonella spp. was carried out by conventional bacteriological methods, while serotype identification by duplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (d-PCR) test against the invA gene from Salmonella spp. and the sefA gene from Salmonella enteritidis. Egg samples in this study were taken from 10 layer chicken farms in Bali which included districts of Bangli, Gianyar, Tabanan and Karangasem. Egg samples from traditional markets were taken from 18 traditional markets from the districts of Bangli, Gianyar, Tabanan, Karangasem, Badung, and Denpasar City. Samples were eggshells and egg whites. Analysis of positive results from Salmonella spp. described descriptively. The results showed that eggshells and white eggs from all of the layer chicken farms are negative contaminated with Salmonella spp. (0%). In eggshell samples taken from the traditional markets of Taman Bali and Tulikup from the districts of Bangli and Gianyar, positive with Salmonella spp. (11,1%) by conventional bacteriological tests. In the duplex Polymerase Chain Reaction test, S. enteritidis serotypes were identified. The finding contamination of Salmonella enteritidis in commercial chicken eggs from traditional markets require periodically detection to prevent the occurrence of salmonellosis due to consumption of contaminated chicken eggs in traditional markets in Bali.
PENGARUH PANDEMIK COVID-19 TERHADAP GERAKAN TRANSPORTASI DI JABODETABEK
Authors: Sylvira Ananda Azwar  , Yusuf Abdurrohman
Published: April 2021

Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu dengan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada responden yang merupakan masyarakat Jabodetabek. Analisis yang dilakukan adalah analisis destinasi perjalanan, analisis daerah asal dan tujuan, serta analisis pilihan moda selama pandemi Covid-19 hingga restriksi sosial skala besar (PSBB). Hasil penyebaran kuisioner terhadap 150 responden menyatakan terjadi penurunan pergerakan di Jabodetabek dengan persentase sebesar 38%. Penurunan terjadi pada 36% perjalanan rekreasi, 34% pendidikan, 28% pekerjaan dan 23% kegiatan sosial. Tingkat kenaikan kendaraan pribadi adalah 25%. Dari hasil tersebut dapat dikatakan bahwa pandemi Covid-19 berpengaruh terhadap pergerakan manusia dan transportasi di Jabodetabek. Beberapa saran dalam hal ini adalah meningkatkan pengawasan perjalanan dan memperketat protokol kesehatan di setiap moda, serta meningkatkan pelayanan pada angkutan umum ketika perjalanan sudah kembali normal dengan menambah jadwal dan armada pada angkutan umum untuk mengurangi kemacetan guna menjaga protokol kesehatan di masyarakat. mengangkut.
Philosophical Review of Faith and Religion in the Conditions of the Post-Secular World: from J.W. Goethete’s Wandering to Religious Consumerism
Authors:   Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Shadrina Olga N.
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the philosophical understanding of faith in the post-secu­lar world in the context of the phenomenon of interfaith pilgrimage: from the hu­manism of the Renaissance and Enlightenment (Goethe) to the religion of the laity and religious consumerism in the philosophy of postmodernism. Goethe’s model of individual religiosity in the face of challenges to traditional faiths (migration crisis) and the spread of post-secular, poor theology on a global scale as the world­view of a liberal democratic society (exotic churches, evangelics, charismatics, etc.), and also the process of psychologization, even the mythologization of tradi­tional religions, the movement towards a “religion without grace” can be the sought-after alternative, which is a balance between tradition and innovation; and the reli­gious and philosophical worldview of Goethe, conceptually meaningful, is the new horizon of philosophizing after the post-philosophy.
Conjugation of Meanings and Subjectivity (Reflection on the Book)
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University, Gryakalov Alexey A.
Published: April 2021

The article presents reflections on the book Roman Osipovich Yakobson [Avtonomova, Baran, Shchedrina (eds.) 2017], published in the series Philoso­phy of Russia of the First Half of the 20th Century, which contains critical ana­lytical works on the theoretical heritage of the outstanding linguist and humani­ties of 20th century. The problems of the articles are considered in the current contexts of the humanities and in the prospects of contemporary philosophical discussions. Particular attention is paid to such topics as poetic, language, struc­ture, local development, structuralism, creativity, subjectivity. The creative pres­ence of Jacobson’s ideas in the humanitarian knowledge of the 20th–21th cen­turies shown in the interaction of scientific ideas and in the dialogues of scientific and national and cultural traditions. This confirms the universal re­sponsiveness of the ideas of an outstanding scientist, which most of all testifies to the demand for his views in the interdisciplinary space of philosophical and humanitarian reflection: the holistic coverage of the material and the desire for theoretical integrity from the very beginning were in the center of attention of Ja­cobson. The publication of the collection carefully studied the basic constants of the theoretical heritage of Jacobson – shows interdisciplinarity in action. The methodological gesture inherent in Jacobson’s research outlines and sub­stantiates the most important trend in the formation and transformation of knowledge of the 20th and 21st centuries – the growing importance of concep­tual interactions and topological aspirations of thought. These qualities of reflec­tion contain a path to the existential, anthropological, aesthetic and ethical as­pects of life: freedom of co-creation and freedom of existence can only be determined against the background of symbolic determinations – the human lan­guage, first of all.
The Theory of Social Relay by M.A. Rozov: Pathway for Understanding
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Kuznetsova Nataliya I.
Published: April 2021

The article analyzes the problems of modern epistemology in the context of pre­senting the views and philosophical heritage of the famous Russian philosopher Mikhail Alexandrovich Rozov. The relevance of the theory of social relay devel­oped by him and the corresponding “wave” ontology, especially in the period of thematic, terminological and substantial transformations of modern epistemo­logy, is shown. The author carry out the idea that without solving the ontological and methodological problems of the empirical analysis of scientific knowledge, it is impossible to correctly investigate knowledge. The article describes in detail the logic of Rozov’s reasoning, and also demonstrates the scale of M.A. Rozov on the reforming of epistemology and philosophy of science, on the formulation of an urgent agenda, problems, goals and objectives of the study of knowledge. The bottom line is that understanding semiotic objects (scientific knowledge) as phenomena of social memory, which are reproduced according to direct or indi­rect (verbalized) patterns, opens a new world of social relay races. The broad ap­plicability of Rozov’s theory in various empirical contexts is demonstrated, which allows discussing both traditional and modern philosophical and method­ological problems of the natural and socio-humanitarian sciences, as well as in epistemology and philosophy of science.
Schelling As a Forerunner of Symbolist Aesthetics
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bychkov Victor V.
Published: April 2021

The aesthetics of early Schelling constitutes the philosophical foundation of the po­etic consciousness of German Romantics and becomes one of the theoretical sources for symbolist aesthetics. The article accentuates proto-symbolist elements in Schelling’s aesthetics. It shows that the spiritual cosmos in Schelling – which is a world of ideas and gods that connects to the material world, in particular, through art – develops out of the Absolute. The universe itself is manifested in God as an absolute work of art. At the same time, art in its formation is based on mythol­ogy and realises itself as the unity of the “infinite and finite in the finite”, as an identity of the conscious and the unconscious, as a lack of distinction between the ideal and the real, as a depiction of the absolute in a particular. This accounts for a polysemantic understanding of a work of art. Schelling focuses attention on the aesthetic essence of art, which is founded on the principles of the beautiful and the sublime. He values beauty in art – as something that ascends from visible forms to prototypes – higher than natural beauty. He associates the sublime with size, “formlessness”, and chaos, and he classifies its expression in art (“the finite”) as symbolic. Schelling is interested in chaos as a potential for every kind of form, because the contemplation of the infinite – i.e., the Absolute as the highest “form in formlessness”, which can only be manifested to the world symbolically – is rooted in chaos. The notion of symbol occupies one of the central places in Schelling’s aesthetics, because it deals with the expression of the infinite in the finite, of the ideal in the real, and of the universal in the particular. The symbol marks and manifests an idea, and this is why the main point of artisticity lies within the symbol. Schelling understands language (speech) as a work of art, and for this reason he sees more symbolic potential in verbal than in pictorial arts. All these ideas in many ways form the foundation of symbolist aesthetics.
Existential optimism: Сonditions, Advantages, Problems
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Zolotukhina-Abolina Elena V. , Ingerleyb Mikhail B. ,   Southern Federal University
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of existential optimism. The authors interpret it as a mental attitude inherent in an individual and including a positive assessment of the world, the ability to enjoy and the will to live. Existential opti­mism does not merge with social optimism, it is associated with determining the individual trajectory of fate and is able to help a person to go through some difficult social circumstances, maintaining a positive attitude and realizing their goals. Its core is the feeling and choice of a personal life project, which exists not only in youth, but can be actualized in different ways at any age. The authors define the figure of an existential optimist using the concepts of “productivity” (E. Fromm) and “self-actualization” (A. Maslow), as well as the image of a “winner” (E. Bern). Life’s obstacles are seen by such a person not only as a normal characteristic of reality, but also as a field for the game of our forces, which brings him the joy of being. In the formation of such a world relation, ed­ucation and personal example of the elders play a great role. The authors also consider the theme of death and frustration that any person faces, and emphasize that death is not the focus of an existential optimist. The last theme discussed in the article is “positive thinking” practices. The conclusions emphasize that the position of an optimist can’t be imposed on anyone, but can only be indepen­dently accepted.
Culture As a Genome of Civilizational Development
Authors:   Belarusian State University, Danilov Alexander N.
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the problems of forming a new type of civilizational devel­opment, analyzes the features and new technologies for updating life’s meanings and basic values. Characteristics and growth points are revealed where “world­view universals” (according to V.S. Styopin) act as some sort of basic genes of a different type of sociality. Just like the origin of new types of organisms is impossible without genetic transformations changing the organism genome, the emergence of new types of society and new types of sociality are impossible without updating fundamental life meanings and basic values. Today’s actuali­zation of the phenomena of culture as an object of transferring historical and national legacy is connected with an attempt to imagine it as the genome of civilization’s development. Mostly on this way the strategies compete which pre­serve basic values of the previous type of development with innovational inten­tions focused on searching for new life meanings and on renewing the content of modern reality values. New values are generating within the old culture, and the humanity is interested in these seeds of the future to grow into new civiliza­tion. The author shows that the formation of a new value matrix and the renewal of vital meanings is a condition for the transition to a new type of civilizational development, which grows within modern civilization. The information revolu­tion in the field of communication is radically changing the nature of civiliza­tional development, it is one of the factors affecting the renewal of basic values and life meanings.
Culture as a Market: “Inspiration Is Not for Sale”?
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Bulavka-Buzgalina Liudmila A.
Published: April 2021

Considering artistic creativity through the prism of socio-philosophical prob­lems, the author reveals the reasons and the course of the increasing subordina­tion of culture to the market and capital in the process of evolution of modern society. The article shows that this subordination becomes most intense due to the expansion of the total market of simulacra – a system that is becoming dominant in the 21st century. The dominance of simulacra on the market de­velops to the extent that the main object of not only economic, but all social transactions are signs that have no basis (denotatum) – simulacra. This process of increasing subordination to the total market of simulacra extends not only to the external (sale of the results of artistic creation, which was typical for the previous market), but also to the internal life of culture, including the goals, values, motives of the artist’s activity and transforming co-creativity into alien­ated market relations. This transformation is transforming the market for manuscripts into a market for “inspiration”. The author identifies contradic­tions specific to this process, including the dual nature of the brand, artifact, glamour and the measure of the transformation of cultural phenomena into an “empty sign”.
The cyclical and asymmetrical impact of green and sustainable technology research (GSTR) on carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) in BRICS economies: Role of renewable energy consumption, foreign direct investment, and exports
Authors: Khattak Shoukat Iqbal , Ahmad Manzoor , Khan Shehzad , Li Hui
Published: April 2021

Environmental degradation is harming the sustainable development of all societies by reducing the availability of resources for development. And environmental pollution is largely due to the use of fossil fuels, like natural gas, petroleum, coal, heavy oil, bitumen, and oil shales. According to many researchers and environmentalists, clean technologies have been considered an effective method to deal with environmental pollution. Thus, governments and enterprises have invested a significant amount in green research and development expenditures for green and sustainable research to improve clean technologies. However, cyclical fluctuations (increasing in the boom period and declining in the recession) could badly affect the research and development expenditures and green and sustainable research. Moreover, the pro-cyclicality in green and sustainable technology research may have a non-linear effect on environmental sustainability. However, there are no empirical studies on the non-linear link between green and sustainable technology research and environmental sustainability. This paper explored the asymmetrical relationships between green and sustainable technology research and environmental sustainability among the BRICS states, along with foreign direct investment, renewable energy use, and exports as control variables. The data was analyzed by second and third-generation economic techniques such as Slope Heterogeneity and Cross-Section Independence Test, Unit Root Test, structural break unit root test, Panel Cointegration with Structural Breaks cointegration tests, CS-ARDL, AMG, FMOLS, and Dumitrescu-Hurlin Panel Causality test. The results showed that positive shocks to green and sustainable technology research and renewable energy consumption are proper to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions (short- and long-run). Meanwhile, negative shocks to green and sustainable technology research, gross domestic product, foreign direct investment, and exports increase carbon dioxide emissions.
Phosphorus requirement for achieving the Sustainable Development Goal “Zero Hunger”
Authors: Langhans Christoph , Beusen Arthur , Mogollón José , Bouwman Alexander
Published: April 2021

Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for life. In many tropical countries, P-fixing soils and very low historical P input limit uptake of P in crops and thus yields. This presents a serious obstacle for achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 2.3 of doubling productivity in smallholder farms. We calculated the geographic distribution of actual over potential P uptake (P limitation) and the P input required to achieve this SDG target in 2030 following the shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP2) scenario for five world regions where smallholder farms dominate. To achieve target 2.3, these regions require 39 % more P application (126 Tg). While P limitation is most widespread in Sub-Saharan Africa, it is the only region on path to achieving the doubling of productivity (increase by a factor of 1.8). Achieving the target requires a strong increase in P input, while protecting soils and waterways from excessive P runoff.
Qualitative Analysis of Interviews with Patients on Facilitators and Barriers to Reducing Chemotherapy for Early Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Andrews Courtney , Childers Timothy C. , Wiseman Kimberly D. , Lawhon Valerie , Ingram Stacey , Smith Mary Lou , Wolff Antonio C. , Wagner Lynne , Roque Gabrielle
Published: April 2021

Background As the combination of systemic and targeted chemotherapies is associated with severe adverse side effects and long-term health complications, there is interest in reducing treatment intensity for patients with early stage breast cancer (EBC). Clinical trials are needed to determine if it is feasible to reduce treatment intensity while maintaining 3-year recurrence-free survival of greater than 92%. In order to recruit patients for de-implementation trials, it is important to understand patient perspectives on barriers and facilitators to reducing treatment intensity. Methods We collected qualitative interview data from patients with Stage II-III breast cancer (N=24) and patient advocates (N=16). Interviews explored interest in de-implementation trial participation and identified potential barriers and facilitators to participation. 17 participants were asked about the potential impact of COVID-19 on de-implementation efforts. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed, and researchers used qualitative content analysis (NVIVO and Atlas.ti) to code for dominant themes. Results 17 participants (42.5%) expressed interest in participating in a trial of reduced chemotherapy. Barriers to reducing chemotherapy included (1) fear of recurrence and inefficacy, (2) preference for aggressive treatment, (3) disinterest in clinical trials, (4) lack of information about expected outcomes, (5) fear of regret, and (6) having young children. Facilitators included (1) avoiding physical toxicity, (2) understanding the scientific rationale of reducing chemotherapy, (3) confidence in providers, (4) consistent monitoring and the option to increase dosage, (5) fewer financial and logistical challenges, and (6) contributing to scientific knowledge. Of those asked, nearly all participants said they would be more motivated to reduce treatment intensity in the context of Covid-19, primarily in order to avoid exposure to the virus while receiving treatment. Conclusions We recommend framing de-implementation strategies and recruitment to trials in terms of customizing treatment to the individual patient and added benefit—reduced toxicities, higher quality of life during treatment and lower risk of long-term complications—rather than in terms of taking treatments away or doing less than the standard of care. Doctor-patient rapport and provider support will be crucial in this process.
WITHDRAWN: THBS4/Integrin α2 axis mediates BM-MSCs promote angiogenesis of gastric cancer associated with chronic Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: He LingNan , Wang WeiJun , Shi HuiYing , Jiang Chen , Yao HaiLing , Zhang YuRui , Qian Wei , Lin Rong
Published: April 2021

BackgroundBM-MSCs contribute to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-induced gastric cancer, but its mechanism is still unclear. The aim of our study is to investigate the specific role and mechanism of BM-MSCs in H. pylori-induced gastric cancer.Main methodsMice were received total bone marrow transplantations and then infected with H. pylori. BM-MSCs were extracted and transplanted to gastric serosal layer of mice infected with H. pylori chronically. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry staining and immunofluorescence were performed to detect the tumor growth and angiogenesis in mice stomach tissues. Chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay, xenograft tumor model, and Human umbilical vein endothelial cells tube formation assay were used for in vivo and in vitro angiogenesis study. THBS4 was screened out from RNA-SEQ Analysis with gastric tissues of BM-MSCs transplantation into H. pylori infected mice.ResultsBM-MSCs can migrate to the site of chronic mucosal injury and promote tumor angiogenesis associated with chronic H. pylori infection. Migration of BM-MSCs to the site of chronic mucosal injury induced the up-regulation of THBS4, which was evident also in human gastric cancer, and correlated with more blood vessel formation and worse outcome. THBS4/Integrin α2 axis exhibited promoting angiogenesis by facilitating PI3K/AKT pathway in endothelial cells.ConclusionsOur results discover that BM-MSCs have a new pro-angiogenic effect in chronic H. pylori infection microenvironment, primarily through THBS4/Integrin α2 axis, which activated PI3K/AKT pathway in endothelial cells and eventually induced formation of new tumor vessels.
Investigation of Pollutants Formation in a Diesel Engine Using Numerical Simulation
Authors: Zahid Muhammad , Syed Khalid Saifullah
Published: April 2021

The current study aims to explore the combustion process in a diesel engine and investigate the behavior of pollutant formation at different time events and different locations in the combustion chamber. The time event for maximum rate of production of pollutant soot is also investigated. Further, time events are investigate at which almost all the amounts of pollutants soot and nitric oxide have been produced. The combustion simulation is performed on a 3D sector. Finite volume method is used for numerically solving the partial differential equations that govern the flow along with Transition SST turbulence model. Eddy dissipation model is used for turbulence chemistry interaction. For soot calculation, Moss-Brookes model is used which has less empiricism and theoretically provides superior accuracy.
Bacteriological Concentration of Peritoneal Drainage Fluid Could Make an Early Diagnosis of Anastomotic Leakage Following Rectal Resection
Authors: Ge Wei , Gong Hai-yan , Xia Yong-quan , Shao Li-hua , Shen Han , Chen Gang
Published: April 2021

Purpose: To investigate that the bacteriological concentration and pH value in peritoneal drainage fluid might serve as indicators of early diagnosis of anastomotic leakage following rectal resection.Methods: We prospectively analyzed consecutive patients who were treated for rectal diseases with anastomotic stoma at the department of general surgery, the affiliated hospital of Nanjing University Medical School between August 2018 and December 2020. The bacteriological concentration and the pH levels in peritoneal drainage fluid were tested on the first, fourth, seventh days postoperatively.Results: A total of 300 consecutive patients underwent rectal resection were tested. 21 patients present with AL and the overall AL rate was 7%. The bacteriological concentration in peritoneal drainage fluid of AL group was significantly higher than that in non-AL group. The AUC value was 0.98 according to the ROC curve. The best cut-off value was 1143/uL and the sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 93.19% respectively. There was no difference of pH value between the AL and non-AL groups. Conclusion: According the results of present study, a high bacteriological concentration in peritoneal drainage fluid is a good marker for predicting and diagnosing AL following rectal resection. The best cut-off value is1143/uL and the sensitivity and specificity are 100% and 93.19% respectively.
An Approach to stimulate the sustainability of Eco-industrial Park using a coupled emergy and system dynamics
Authors: Zhao Yu , Yu Miao , Xiang Yinghui , Chang Chunguang
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we study the emergy evaluation index system of the sustainable development of Shenyang Economic and Technological Development Zone (SETDZ) by system dynamics model, and employ the simulation of dynamic evaluation analysis. By the simulation of system dynamics model, four SETDZ’s development scenarios are designed, including inertia scenario, economic scenario, environmental protection scenario and science and technology scenario, and the sustainable development status of each scenario is simulated and dynamically evaluated. The results show that under the background of coordinated development of economy and environment, science and technology scenario based on high-tech investment is the most dynamic, and it also is the best development strategy of SETDZ. Furthermore, SETDZ could achieve the coordinated development of economy and environment by reasonable layout of industrial enterprises, integration of public resources, effective utilization and disposal of waste, establishment of enterprise symbiosis system, development of cleaner production and other measures.
Mechanism of Nitrite Transporter NirC in Motility, Biofilm Formation, and Adhesion of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Zhang Dong , Lian Siqi , Gu Xuanqiang , Hou Qianxi , Xia Pengpeng , Zhu Guoqiang
Published: April 2021

The Escherichia coli (E. coli) nirC gene encodes a nitrite transporter, which involved in transporting toxic nitrite (NO2-) from the environment into the bacteria. Although the deletion of nirC gene could cause changes in motility, adhesion in the previous study, and the virulence involved in the specified mechanism for pathogenic E. coli remains to be known. In the present work, we aimed to evaluate the role of NirC in a serotype O2:K1:H7 avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strain. For this purpose, we generated a NirC-deficient mutant of APEC XM strain and examined its biological characteristics. The nirC gene deletion mutant enhanced ability of motility, decreased in biofilm formation, and it markedly reduced ability to adhere mouse brain microvascular endothelial cell b.End3 cells. For understanding its mechanism, sequentially we detected and found the stress regulator rpoS and its downstream genes csrA were up-regulated in NirC-deficient mutant while diguanylate cyclase gene dgcT was down-regulated. By high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) experiment, we demonstrated the concentration of intracellular 3',5'-cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) significantly decrease in nirC gene deletion mutant. Taken data together, we may make a conclusion with a possible signal pathway clue, due to NirC mutation, environmental NO2- accumulation leads to nitrite stress and inactivates c-di-GMP synthesis by stimulating the stress regulator RpoS, resulting in changes of biological characteristics.