bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing the Sustainability of Local and Global Food Chains: A Case Study of Cheese Products in Switzerland and the UK
Authors: Schmitt Emilia , Keech Daniel , Maye Damian , Barjolle Dominique , Kirwan James
Published: May 2016

Local food has recently gained popularity under the assumption that it is more sustainable than food from distant locations. However, evidence is still lacking to fully support this assumption. The goal of this study is to compare local and global food chains in five dimensions of sustainability (environmental, economic, social, ethical and health), covering all stages of the chain. In particular, four cheese supply chains are compared in detail: a local (L’Etivaz) and global (Le Gruyère) case in Switzerland and a local (Single Gloucester) and global (Cheddar) case in the UK. A multi-dimensional perspective is adopted to compare their sustainability performance. Eight attributes of performance (affordability, creation and distribution of added value, information and communication, consumer behaviour, resource use, biodiversity, nutrition and animal welfare) are used to frame the comparative analysis. The results suggest that local cheese performs better in the field of added value creation and distribution, animal welfare and biodiversity. Global chains, by contrast, perform better in terms of affordability and efficiency and some environmental indicators. This analysis needed to be expressed in qualitative terms rather than quantified indicators and it has been especially useful to identify the critical issues and trade-offs that hinder sustainability at different scales. Cheese supply chains in Switzerland and the UK also often present hybrid arrangements in term of local and global scales. Comparison is therefore most meaningful when presented on a local (farmhouse)/global (creamery) continuum.
Historic Food Production Shocks: Quantifying the Extremes
Authors: Jones Aled , Phillips Alexander
Published: May 2016

Understanding global food production trends is vital for ensuring food security and to allow the world to develop appropriate policies to manage the food system. Over the past few years, there has been an increasing attention on the global food system, particularly after the extreme shocks seen in food prices after 2007. Several papers and working groups have explored the links between food production and various societal impacts however they often categorise production shocks in different ways even to the extent of identifying different levels, countries and timings for shocks. In this paper we present a simple method to quantify and categorise cereal production shocks at a country level. This method can be used as a baseline for other studies that examine the impact of these production shocks on the global food system.
Measuring the Externality Effects of Commercial Land Use on Residential Land Value: A Case Study of Seoul
Authors: Yang Hee , Song Jihoon , Choi Mack
Published: May 2016

Two contrasting theories purport to explain the effects of neighborhood non-residential use on residential property values. In traditional zoning theory, separating land from commercial land use is considered to protect residential environments from negative externalities such as noise, litter, and congestion. By contrast, contemporary planning principles including Smart Growth emphasize positive impacts of mixed land use on residential environment, which lead to more walkable and sustainable communities. This study attempts to empirically investigate how positive and negative externalities of commercial land use, referred to as “proximity effects” and “disamenity effects” respectively, affect residential land values. Using data gathered in Seoul, we pay attention to two particular aspects of commercial land use: spatial concentration and neighborhood scale. Spatial concentration is determined by the number of commercial employees present in the buffer zone around an individual residential parcel. We model four geographically distinct neighborhood scales as we compare spatial concentrations in and across commercial zones. Quadratic regression analyses of our data show the trade-off relationship that a higher spatial concentration of commercial land use in a neighborhood initially results in increased residential land values, but drops off beyond a threshold level by excessive noise or crowding.
Conserved Endonuclease Function of Hantavirus L Polymerase
Authors: Rothenberger Sylvia , Torriani Giulia , Johansson Maria , Kunz Stefan , Engler Olivier
Published: May 2016

Hantaviruses are important emerging pathogens belonging to the Bunyaviridae family. Like other segmented negative strand RNA viruses, the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) also known as L protein of hantaviruses lacks an intrinsic “capping activity”. Hantaviruses therefore employ a “cap snatching” strategy acquiring short 5′ RNA sequences bearing 5′cap structures by endonucleolytic cleavage from host cell transcripts. The viral endonuclease activity implicated in cap snatching of hantaviruses has been mapped to the N-terminal domain of the L protein. Using a combination of molecular modeling and structure–function analysis we confirm and extend these findings providing evidence for high conservation of the L endonuclease between Old and New World hantaviruses. Recombinant hantavirus L endonuclease showed catalytic activity and a defined cation preference shared by other viral endonucleases. Based on the previously reported remarkably high activity of hantavirus L endonuclease, we established a cell-based assay for the hantavirus endonuclase function. The robustness of the assay and its high-throughput compatible format makes it suitable for small molecule drug screens to identify novel inhibitors of hantavirus endonuclease. Based on the high degree of similarity to RdRp endonucleases, some candidate inhibitors may be broadly active against hantaviruses and other emerging human pathogenic Bunyaviruses.
A Novel Water Supply Network Sectorization Methodology Based on a Complete Economic Analysis, Including Uncertainties
Authors: Campbell Enrique , Izquierdo Joaquín , Montalvo Idel , Pérez-García Rafael
Published: May 2016

The core idea behind sectorization of Water Supply Networks (WSNs) is to establish areas partially isolated from the rest of the network to improve operational control. Besides the benefits associated with sectorization, some drawbacks must be taken into consideration by water operators: the economic investment associated with both boundary valves and flowmeters and the reduction of both pressure and system resilience. The target of sectorization is to properly balance these negative and positive aspects. Sectorization methodologies addressing the economic aspects mainly consider costs of valves and flowmeters and of energy, and the benefits in terms of water saving linked to pressure reduction. However, sectorization entails other benefits, such as the reduction of domestic consumption, the reduction of burst frequency and the enhanced capacity to detect and intervene over future leakage events. We implement a development proposed by the International Water Association (IWA) to estimate the aforementioned benefits. Such a development is integrated in a novel sectorization methodology based on a social network community detection algorithm, combined with a genetic algorithm optimization method and Monte Carlo simulation. The methodology is implemented over a fraction of the WSN of Managua city, capital of Nicaragua, generating a net benefit of 25,572 $/year.
The Efficiency of Setting Parameters in a Modified Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm Applied to Optimizing Water Distribution Networks
Authors: Mora-Melia Daniel , Iglesias-Rey Pedro , Martínez-Solano F. , Muñoz-Velasco Pedro
Published: May 2016

This paper presents a modified Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm (SFLA) applied to the design of water distribution networks. Generally, one of the major disadvantages of the traditional SFLA is the high number of parameters that need to be calibrated for proper operation of the algorithm. A method for calibrating these parameters is presented and applied to the design of three benchmark medium-sized networks widely known in the literature (Hanoi, New York Tunnel, and GoYang). For each of the problems, over 35,000 simulations were conducted. Then, a statistical analysis was performed, and the relative importance of each of the parameters was analyzed to achieve the best possible configuration of the modified SFLA. The main conclusion from this study is that not all of the original SFL algorithm parameters are important. Thus, the fraction of frogs in the memeplex q can be eliminated, while the other parameters (number of evolutionary steps Ns, number of memeplexes m, and number of frogs n) may be set to constant values that run optimally for all medium-sized networks. Furthermore, the modified acceleration parameter C becomes the key parameter in the calibration process, vastly improving the results provided by the original SFLA.
Synthesis and fluorosolvatochromism of 3-arylnaphtho[1,2-b]quinolizinium derivatives
Authors: Pithan Phil M , Decker David , Sardo Manlio Sutero , Viola Giampietro , Ihmels Heiko
Published: May 2016

Cationic biaryl derivatives were synthesized by Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of 3-bromonaphtho[1,2-b]quinolizinium bromide with arylboronic acids. The resulting cationic biaryl derivatives exhibit pronounced fluorosolvatochromic properties. First photophysical studies in different solvents showed that the emission energy of the biaryl derivatives decreases with increasing solvent polarity. This red-shifted emission in polar solvents is explained by a charge shift (CS) in the excited state and subsequent solvent relaxation. Furthermore, the polarity of protic polar and aprotic polar solvents affects the emission energy to different extent, which indicates a major influence of hydrogen bonding on the stabilization of the ground and excited states.
APPLICATION OF THE GROWTH ACCOUNTING METHOD FOR THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Authors: LANKAUSKIENĖ Toma
Published: May 2016

As the growth accounting method can suggest research benefits, this paper is dedicated to the application of the method in the construction industry. The lack of methodologies for the application of the method in the less developed countries has necessitated the design of the methodology presented in the paper. Once the methodology is composed, comparable results can be obtained on the fulfilment of international academic standards. The paper presents the main methodological problems faced by the author while working on the problem. In addition, it enables the identification of the proximate sources of growth as well as the performance of economic analysis from a comparative perspective of countries at different stages of development. The scientific merit of the paper – the entire group of intangible capital rather than only software will correspond to knowledge based capital. The results suggest that Lithuania is in a rather strong position in terms of productivity growth, but the same could not be said when considering the structure of its main determinants compared with the more developed countries.
LEVERAGING 3D-HST GRISM REDSHIFTS TO QUANTIFY PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFT PERFORMANCE
Authors: Bezanson Rachel , Wake David A. , Brammer Gabriel B. , Dokkum Pieter G. van , Franx Marijn , Labbé Ivo , Leja Joel , Momcheva Ivelina G. , Nelson Erica J. , Quadri Ryan F. , Skelton Rosalind E. , Weiner Benjamin J. , Whitaker Katherine E.
Published: May 2016

We present a study of photometric redshift accuracy in the 3D-HST photometric catalogs, using 3D-HST grism redshifts to quantify and dissect trends in redshift accuracy for galaxies brighter than JH
IR > 24 with an unprecedented and representative high-redshift galaxy sample. We find an average scatter of 0.0197 ± 0.0003(1 + z) in the Skelton et al. photometric redshifts. Photometric redshift accuracy decreases with magnitude and redshift, but does not vary monotonically with color or stellar mass. The 1σ scatter lies between 0.01 and 0.03 (1 + z) for galaxies of all masses and colors below z < 2.5 (for JH
IR < 24), with the exception of a population of very red (U − V > 2), dusty star-forming galaxies for which the scatter increases to ∼0.1 (1 + z). We find that photometric redshifts depend significantly on galaxy size; the largest galaxies at fixed magnitude have photo-zs with up to ∼30% more scatter and ∼5 times the outlier rate. Although the overall photometric redshift accuracy for quiescent galaxies is better than that for star-forming galaxies, scatter depends more strongly on magnitude and redshift than on galaxy type. We verify these trends using the redshift distributions of close pairs and extend the analysis to fainter objects, where photometric redshift errors further increase to ∼0.046 (1 + z) at

. We demonstrate that photometric redshift accuracy is strongly filter dependent and quantify the contribution of multiple filter combinations. We evaluate the widths of redshift probability distribution functions and find that error estimates are underestimated by a factor of ∼1.1–1.6, but that uniformly broadening the distribution does not adequately account for fitting outliers. Finally, we suggest possible applications of these data in planning for current and future surveys and simulate photometric redshift performance in the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, Dark Energy Survey (DES), and combined DES and Vista Hemisphere surveys.
THE LAUNCHING OF COLD CLOUDS BY GALAXY OUTFLOWS. II. THE ROLE OF THERMAL CONDUCTION
Authors: Brüggen Marcus , Scannapieco Evan
Published: May 2016

We explore the impact of electron thermal conduction on the evolution of radiatively cooled cold clouds embedded in flows of hot and fast material as it occurs in outflowing galaxies. Performing a parameter study of three-dimensional adaptive mesh refinement hydrodynamical simulations, we show that electron thermal conduction causes cold clouds to evaporate, but it can also extend their lifetimes by compressing them into dense filaments. We distinguish between low column-density clouds, which are disrupted on very short times, and high-column density clouds with much longer disruption times that are set by a balance between impinging thermal energy and evaporation. We provide fits to the cloud lifetimes and velocities that can be used in galaxy-scale simulations of outflows in which the evolution of individual clouds cannot be modeled with the required resolution. Moreover, we show that the clouds are only accelerated to a small fraction of the ambient velocity because compression by evaporation causes the clouds to present a small cross-section to the ambient flow. This means that either magnetic fields must suppress thermal conduction, or that the cold clouds observed in galaxy outflows are not formed of cold material carried out from the galaxy.
A HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE STUDY OF THE ENIGMATIC MILKY WAY HALO GLOBULAR CLUSTER CRATER*
Authors: Weisz Daniel R. , Koposov Sergey E. , Dolphin Andrew E. , Belokurov Vasily , Gieles Mark , Mateo Mario L. , Olszewski Edward W. , Sills Alison , Walker Matthew G.
Published: May 2016

We analyze the resolved stellar populations of the faint stellar system, Crater, based on deep optical imaging taken with the Advanced Camera for Surveys on the Hubble Space Telescope. Crater’s color–magnitude diagram (CMD) extends ∼4 mag below the oldest main-sequence (MS) turnoff. Structurally, we find that Crater has a half-light radius of ∼20 pc and no evidence for tidal distortions. We model Crater’s CMD as a simple stellar population (SSP) and alternatively by solving for its full star formation history. In both cases, Crater is well described by an SSP with an age of ∼7.5 Gyr, a metallicity of [M/H] ∼ −1.65, a total stellar mass of

, and a luminosity of

, located at a distance of d ∼ 145 kpc, with modest uncertainties due to differences in the underlying stellar evolution models. We argue that the sparse sampling of stars above the turnoff and subgiant branch are likely to be 1.0–1.4

blue stragglers and their evolved descendants, as opposed to intermediate-age MS stars. We find that Crater is an unusually young cluster given its location in the Galaxy’s outer halo. We discuss scenarios for Crater’s origin, including the possibility of being stripped from the SMC or the accretion from lower-mass dwarfs such as Leo I or Carina. Despite uncertainty over its progenitor system, Crater appears to have been incorporated into the Galaxy more recently than z ∼ 1 (8 Gyr ago), providing an important new constraint on the accretion history of the Galaxy.
POLARIZED SYNCHROTRON EMISSIVITIES AND ABSORPTIVITIES FOR RELATIVISTIC THERMAL, POWER-LAW, AND KAPPA DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS
Authors: Pandya Alex , Zhang Zhaowei , Chandra Mani , Gammie Charles F.
Published: May 2016

Synchrotron emission and absorption determine the observational appearances of many astronomical systems. In this paper, we describe a numerical scheme for calculating synchrotron emissivities and absorptivities in all four Stokes parameters for arbitrary gyrotropic electron distribution functions, building on earlier work by Leung, Gammie, and Noble. We use this technique to evaluate the emissivities and the absorptivities for a thermal (Maxwell–Jüttner), isotropic power-law, and an isotropic kappa distribution function. The latter contains a power-law tail at high particle energies that smoothly merges with a thermal core at low energies, as is characteristic of observed particle spectra in collisionless plasmas. We provide fitting formulae and error bounds on the fitting formulae for use in codes that solve the radiative transfer equation. The numerical method and the fitting formulae are implemented in a compact C library called symphony. We find that the kappa distribution has a source function that is indistinguishable from a thermal spectrum at low frequency and transitions to the characteristic self-absorbed synchrotron spectrum,

, at high frequency; the linear polarization fraction for a thermal spectrum is near unity at high frequency; and all distributions produce O(10%) circular polarization at low frequency for lines of sight sufficiently close to the magnetic field vector.
THE K2 ECLIPTIC PLANE INPUT CATALOG (EPIC) AND STELLAR CLASSIFICATIONS OF 138,600 TARGETS IN CAMPAIGNS 1–8
Authors: Huber Daniel , Bryson Stephen T. , Haas Michael R. , Barclay Thomas , Barentsen Geert , Howell Steve B. , Sharma Sanjib , Stello Dennis , Thompson Susan E.
Published: May 2016

The K2 Mission uses the Kepler spacecraft to obtain high-precision photometry over ≈80 day campaigns in the ecliptic plane. The Ecliptic Plane Input Catalog (EPIC) provides coordinates, photometry, and kinematics based on a federation of all-sky catalogs to support target selection and target management for the K2 mission. We describe the construction of the EPIC, as well as modifications and shortcomings of the catalog. Kepler magnitudes (Kp) are shown to be accurate to ≈0.1 mag for the Kepler field, and the EPIC is typically complete to Kp ≈ 17 (Kp ≈ 19 for campaigns covered by Sloan Digital Sky Survey). We furthermore classify 138,600 targets in Campaigns 1–8 (≈88% of the full target sample) using colors, proper motions, spectroscopy, parallaxes, and galactic population synthesis models, with typical uncertainties for G-type stars of ≈3% in

, ≈0.3 dex in

, ≈40% in radius, ≈10% in mass, and ≈40% in distance. Our results show that stars targeted by K2 are dominated by K–M dwarfs (≈41% of all selected targets), F–G dwarfs (≈36%), and K giants (≈21%), consistent with key K2 science programs to search for transiting exoplanets and galactic archeology studies using oscillating red giants. However, we find significant variation of the fraction of cool dwarfs with galactic latitude, indicating a target selection bias due to interstellar reddening and increased contamination by giant stars near the galactic plane. We discuss possible systematic errors in the derived stellar properties, and differences with published classifications for K2 exoplanet host stars. The EPIC is hosted at the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST): http://archive.stsci.edu/k2/epic/search.php.
Bone Marrow Megakaryocytes May Predict Therapeutic Response of Severe Thrombocytopenia in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Zhao Lidan , Xu Dong , Qiao Lin , Zhang Xuan
Published: May 2016

Objective.

To analyze the predictive value of megakaryocyte counts in bone marrow (BM-MK) for determining the therapeutic response of severe thrombocytopenia (TP) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods.

Thirty-five patients with SLE with severe TP (platelet count ≤ 50 × 109/l) from the Peking Union Medical College Hospital admitted between 2007 and 2014 with appreciable bone marrow aspiration results were analyzed retrospectively. The associations between therapeutic response and clinical manifestations, laboratory findings including BM-MK counts, were evaluated.

Results.

Seventeen (49%) and 8 (23%) patients achieved a complete response (CR) and a partial response (PR), respectively, and 10 had no response (NR). The BM-MK counts in each group were 102 ± 25 (0–322), 136 ± 48 (2–419), and 28 ± 12 (0–105) per slide, respectively. Significant differences were observed in the counts of BM-MK between patients who achieved a clinical response (CR + PR) and those who did not (NR; p = 0.007). Patients in the NR group exhibited fewer BM-MK compared with those in the CR and PR groups (p = 0.017 and p = 0.006, respectively). A receiver-operation characteristic analysis identified that a cutoff value of BM-MK counts at 20 performed pretty well in discriminating patients with differential responses to immunotherapy, with sensitivity and specificity and area under the curve of 88%, 70%, and 0.798, respectively.

Conclusion.

BM-MK count may serve as a good predicting factor for immunotherapeutic response in patients with SLE with severe TP. Patients with BM-MK counts < 20 per slide tend to exhibit poor clinical response.
The Prevalence of Dental Implants and Related Factors in Patients with Sjögren Syndrome: Results from a Cohort Study
Authors: Albrecht Katinka , Callhoff Johanna , Westhoff Gisela , Dietrich Thomas , Dörner Thomas , Zink Angela
Published: May 2016

Objective.

To investigate prevalence and patient-reported outcomes of dental implants in patients with Sjögren syndrome (SS).

Methods.

A total of 205 female patients from an observational cohort study answered oral health questionnaires about periodontal signs and symptoms, dentures, dental implants, comorbidities, and therapies that may interfere with bone remodeling. Data were compared with the reports of 87 female healthy controls.

Results.

The patients were older than the controls (58 ± 12 and 54 ± 14 yrs, respectively) and differed substantially in the prevalence of self-reported gingivitis (60% and 35%), self-reported periodontitis (19% and 8%), and in the numbers of remaining teeth (21 ± 7 and 24 ± 5). Patients more frequently had removable prostheses (36% compared with 23%) and dental implants (16% compared with 7%). The 32 patients with SS with dental implants had a mean number of 3.1 ± 2.0 implants. Notably, for patients with implants, their oldest existing implant survived for a mean period of 4.9 ± 5.4 years. A total of 5 of 104 (4.8%) implants in the patients and none of the 14 implants in the controls had to be removed. A total of 75% of the patients were highly satisfied with the implants and 97% would recommend them to other patients with SS.

Conclusion.

A substantial portion of patients with SS have dental complications and require subsequent implants. The majority were satisfied with the implants and would recommend them to other patients. The high implant survival rate may encourage patients, rheumatologists, and dentists to consider dental implants for the treatment of patients with SS.
Incidence of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Lupus Nephritis in Denmark: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Hermansen Marie-Louise F. , Lindhardsen Jesper , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Faurschou Mikkel , Jacobsen Søren
Published: May 2016

Objective.

To determine the incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and SLE with concomitant or subsequent lupus nephritis (LN) in Denmark during 1995–2011, using data from the Danish National Patient Registry (NPR).

Methods.

To assess the incidence of SLE, we identified all persons aged ≥ 18 years in the NPR with at least 1 International Classification of Diseases, 10th ed (ICD-10) code of SLE and at least 365 days of followup under this diagnosis. Identification of LN cases was based on fulfillment of these criteria and ≥ 1 registration under an ICD-10 code of nephritis concomitantly with or after first SLE registration.

Results.

The overall annual incidence rate per 100,000 for SLE was 2.35 (95% CI 2.24–2.49); 0.69 (95% CI 0.60–0.78) for men and 3.96 (95% CI 3.75–4.17) for women. For LN, the mean annual incidence rate per 100,000 was estimated to be 0.45 (95% CI 0.38–0.53); 0.20 (95% CI 0.13–0.28) for men and 0.69 (95% CI 0.57–0.83) for women. The differences in SLE incidence rates between sexes decreased by age, and the incidence did not differ between men and women after the age of 60 years for LN. The estimated incidences showed no trends by calendar time. Estimated overall point prevalence (December 31, 2011) per 100,000 was 45.2 (95% CI 43.3–47.4) and 6.4 (95% CI 5.7–7.2) for SLE and LN, respectively.

Conclusion.

Our Danish population-based data showed a stable incidence of SLE and LN. As expected, we found higher incidence rates among women than among men, particularly in younger persons.
Simulation Training Improves Surgical Proficiency and Safety During Diagnostic Shoulder Arthroscopy Performed by Residents
Authors: Waterman Brian R. , Martin Kevin D. , Cameron Kenneth L. , Owens Brett D. , Belmont Philip J.
Published: May 2016

Although virtual reality simulators have established construct validity, no studies have proven transfer of skills from a simulator to improved in vivo surgical skill. The current authors hypothesized that simulation training would improve residents' basic arthroscopic performance and safety. Twenty-two orthopedic surgery trainees were randomized into simulation or standard practice groups. At baseline testing, all of the participants performed simulator-based testing and a supervised, in vivo diagnostic shoulder arthroscopy with video recording. The simulation group subsequently received 1 hour of total instruction during a 3-month period, and the standard practice group received no simulator training. After intervention, both groups were reevaluated with simulator testing and a second recorded diagnostic shoulder arthroscopy. Two blinded, independent experts evaluated arthroscopic performance using the anatomic checklist, Arthroscopic Surgery Skill Evaluation Tool (ASSET) score, and total elapsed time. All outcome measures were compared within and between groups. After intervention, mean time required by the simulation group to complete the simulator task (30.64 seconds) was 8±1.2 seconds faster than the time required by the control group (38.64 seconds;
P
=.001). Probe distance (51.65 mm) was improved by 41.2±6.08 mm compared with the control (92.83 mm;
P
=.001). When comparing ASSET safety scores, the simulation group was competent (3.29) and significantly better than the control group (3.00;
P
=.005) during final arthroscopic testing. This study establishes transfer validity for an arthroscopic shoulder simulator model. Simulator training for residents in training can decrease surgical times, improve basic surgical skills, and confer greater patient safety during shoulder arthroscopy. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(3):e479–e485.]
Comparison of Instrumented and Noninstrumented Surgical Treatment of Severe Vertebral Osteomyelitis
Authors: Pourtaheri Sina , Issa Kimona , Stewart Tyler , Shafa Eiman , Ajiboye Remi , Buerba Rafael A. , Lord Elizabeth , Hwang Ki , Mangels Daniel , Emami Arash
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of instrumented versus noninstrumented (decompression) surgical treatment of vertebral osteomyelitis. The study population included 104 patients with spinal osteomyelitis who were treated at the authors' institution between 2004 and 2012. This included 62 men and 42 women who underwent either instrumented (n=57) or noninstrumented (n=47) surgery. Mean patient age was 59 years, and mean follow-up was 38 months (range, 12–78 months). Specifically, the following criteria were assessed: mortality rates, infection clearance rates, clinical outcomes measured by Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), mean length of stay, and baseline differences between the 2 cohorts. Although patients in the instrumented cohort had more instability, more neurologic symptoms, and larger volume infection, they had similar clearance of infection (54% vs 42.5%; odds ratio [OR], 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61–3.9;
P
=.35), mortality rate (9% vs 17%; OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.14–1.54;
P
=.21), and ODI scores (40 vs 45 points;
P
=.32) compared with patients in the noninstrumented group. However, mean length of stay (19 vs 13 days;
P
=.02) was significantly higher for patients in the instrumented group. Even in more severe cases of vertebral osteomyelitis, instrumentation resulted in comparable outcomes to decompression. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(3):e504–e508.]
Epidemiology of Total Ankle Arthroplasty: Trends in New York State
Authors: Seaworth Christine M. , Do Huong T. , Vulcano Ettore , Mani Sriniwasan B. , Lyman Stephen L. , Ellis Scott J.
Published: May 2016

The rate of total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is increasing in the United States as its popularity and indications expand. There currently is no national joint registry available to monitor outcomes, and few studies have addressed the challenges faced with TAA. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence, complications, and survival rates associated with TAA using a large statewide administrative discharge database. Individuals who underwent primary TAA from 1997 to 2010 were identified in the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database from the New York State Department of Health. The age, sex, comorbidities, state of residence, primary diagnosis, and readmissions within 90 days were analyzed for patients with an ICD-9-CM procedure code of 81.56 (TAA). Failure of a TAA implant was defined as revision, tibiotalar arthrodesis, amputation, or implant removal. During the 14-year period, 420 patients underwent 444 TAAs (mean patient age of 61 years, 59% women, mean Charlson-Deyo comorbidity score of 0.45, and 86% New York State residents). The primary diagnosis was 37.4% osteoarthritis, 34.3% traumatic arthritis, and 15.5% rheumatoid arthritis. Surgery for failure was associated only with a younger age (56.5 vs 62 years,
P
=.005). The rate of subsequent failure procedures following TAAs performed in New York State was 13.8%. The incidence of TAAs is steadily increasing. The overall survival rate in New York State is better than rates reported in other national registries, but it is not yet comparable to those of hip and knee replacements. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(3):170–176.]
Biomechanical Analysis of Internal Bracing for Treatment of Medial Knee Injuries
Authors: Gilmer Brian B. , Crall Timothy , DeLong Jeffrey , Kubo Takanori , Mackay Gordon , Jani Sunil S.
Published: May 2016

The internal brace technique uses a high-strength suture tie to augment injured tissues or a primary repair, allowing early rehabilitation. Anatomic repair with internal bracing is a novel and promising treatment for femoral-sided medial knee avulsion injuries of the medial collateral ligament and posterior oblique ligament. Unfortunately, biomechanical and clinical data are lacking. To evaluate this technique compared with other treatment options, 3 assays of 9 cadaveric matched pairs (54 knees) were tested to failure at 30° under valgus load in a biomechanical testing apparatus. The primary outcome measure was moment at failure (Nm), with secondary outcome measures of stiffness (Nm/°), valgus angulation at 10 Nm (°), and valgus angulation at failure (°). Repair with internal bracing was compared with the intact state, repair alone, and allograft reconstruction. The mean moment to failure (62.5±24.9 Nm) for internal bracing was significantly lower than that for intact specimens (107.2±39.7 Nm) (
P
=.009). Mean moment to failure and valgus angle at failure were significantly greater for internal bracing (95±31.9 Nm) than for repair (73.4±27.6 Nm) (
P
=.05). Internal bracing was similar to reconstruction for the primary outcome measure (53.5±26.3 Nm vs 66.9±28.8 Nm) (
P
=.227) and for all secondary outcome measures. These findings indicate that posteromedial knee repair with internal bracing for femoral-sided avulsions is superior to repair alone and is similar to allograft reconstruction for all parameters measured; however, this technique did not recreate biomechanical properties equivalent to the intact state. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(3):e532–e537.]
Oxazepam for the Treatment of Substance Abuse and Depression: Is it Appropriate?
Authors: Howland Robert H.
Published: May 2016

Distinguishing itself from other benzodiazepine drugs, oxazepam has an interesting pharmacological and clinical profile, including binding effects on the translocator protein (TSPO) and a relatively favorable safety and abuse liability profile. TSPO is found in the brain (where it is involved in neurosteroid synthesis), but is also expressed in the heart and other peripheral tissues. Oxazepam is potentially useful in the treatment of substance abuse, especially in conjunction with the cortisol synthesis inhibitor metyrapone, and can be considered an appropriate medication to use in the treatment of depression. The oxazepam/metyrapone combination has been piloted in cocaine-dependent patients and should be investigated in patients with depression. Expression of cardiac TSPO is altered by different stress conditions, and drugs binding to TSPO may have cardioprotective effects. The possibility of oxazepam, alone or together with antidepressant drugs, having a positive effect on cardiac function in patients with depression should also be studied. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services
,
54
(5), 21–24.]
Implementing a Mobility Program to Minimize Post–Intensive Care Syndrome
Authors: Hopkins Ramona O. , Mitchell Lorie , Thomsen George E. , Schafer Michele , Link Maggie , Brown Samuel M.
Published: May 2016

Immobility in the intensive care unit (ICU) is associated with neuromuscular weakness, post–intensive care syndrome, functional limitations, and high costs. Early mobility–based rehabilitation in the ICU is feasible and safe. Mobility-based rehabilitation varied widely across 5 ICUs in 1 health care system, suggesting a need for continuous training and evaluation to maintain a strong mobility-based rehabilitation program. Early mobility–based rehabilitation shortens ICU and hospital stays, reduces delirium, and increases muscle strength and the ability to ambulate. Long-term effects include increased ability for self-care, faster return to independent functioning, improved physical function, and reduced hospital readmission and death. Factors that influence early mobility–based rehabilitation include having an interdisciplinary team; strong unit leadership; access to physical, occupational, and respiratory therapists; a culture focused on patient safety and quality improvement; a champion of early mobility; and a focus on measuring performance and outcomes.
Peer Support as a Novel Strategy to Mitigate Post–Intensive Care Syndrome
Authors: Mikkelsen Mark E. , Jackson James C. , Hopkins Ramona O. , Thompson Carol , Andrews Adair , Netzer Giora , Bates Dina M. , Bunnell Aaron E. , Christie LeeAnn M. , Greenberg Steven B. , Lamas Daniela J. , Sevin Carla M. , Weinhouse Gerald , Iwashyna Theodore J.
Published: May 2016

Post–intensive care syndrome, a condition defined by new or worsening impairment in cognition, mental health, and physical function after critical illness, has emerged in the past decade as a common and life-altering consequence of critical illness. New strategies are urgently needed to mitigate the risk of neuropsychological and functional impairment common after critical illness and to prepare and support survivors on their road toward recovery. The present state of critical care survivorship is described, and postdischarge care delivery in the United States and the potential impact of the present-day fragmented model of care delivery are detailed. A novel strategy that uses peer support groups could more effectively meet the needs of survivors of critical illness and mitigate post–intensive care syndrome.
Geological characteristics and petroleum resource assessment of the Macasty Formation, Anticosti Island, Quebec, Canada
Authors: Chen Z , Lavoie D , Jiang C , Duchesne M J , Malo M
Published: May 2016

This study presents the first independent evaluation of the in place hydrocarbon resources for the Macasty Formation on Anticosti Island. The evaluation uses the dual porosity model of the GSC. The data consists of all public domain information as well as
confidential data provided by the operators on the island.
Our evaluation indicates significant volume of both oil with a best estimate or P50 of 32.3 billion barrels of oil (BBO) with maximum (P5) of 55.4 and minimum (P95) of 17.1 BBO and for natural gas with a best estimate or P50 of 52.4 trillion cubic feet (TCF) with maximum (P5) of 85.2 and minimum
(P95) of 29.0 TCF. However, the comparison of the maximum (55.4 BBO / 85.2 TCF) and minimum (17.1 BBO / 29.0 TCF) resources in place illustrates a significant uncertainty on the evaluation most likely related to the relative low density and quality of the data (spatial coverage, diverse acquisition
methods).
Previous industry estimates suggest an in-place P50 resource of 42.9 billion barrels of oil equivalent, a value that lump together oil and gas based on a thermal equivalence of 1 barrel of oil equivalent for 6000 cubic feet of gas. Our P50 result is 42.1 billion of barrels of oil-equivalent. From
these results, a ratio of 78% oil to 22% gas is proposed as in-place resource on the island. Because of the lack of production data, no attempt was made to evaluate the recovery portion of the in-place resource.
Caractéristiques géologiques et évaluation des ressources pétrolières de la Formation de Macasty, Ile d'Anticosti, Québec, Canada
Authors: Chen Z , Lavoie D , Jiang C , Duchesne M J , Malo M
Published: May 2016

Cette étude présente la première évaluation indépendante du potentiel en hydrocarbures pour la Formation de Macasty sur l'île d'Anticosti. L'évaluation utilise le modèle à double porosité développé par
la CGC. Les données incluent celles du domaine public ainsi que des données confidentielles fournies par les opérateurs sur l'île (Hydrocarbures Anticosti SEC et Junex Exploration).
Notre évaluation indique un volume important de ressources en place et ce pour l'huile (meilleur estimé: P50) de 32.3 milliards de barils (MMb) de pétrole, maximum (P5) de 55.4 et minimum (P95) de 17.1 MMb et pour le gaz naturel (meilleur estimé: P50) de 52.4 trillions de pieds
cubes (Tpc), maximum (P5) de 85.2 et minimum (P95) de 29.0 Tpc. La comparaison des estimés maximum (55.4 MMb / 85.2 Tpc) et minimum (17.1 MMb / 29 Tpc) montre une incertitude significative de l'évaluation des ressources principalement due à la faible densité et qualité des
données disponibles (couverture spatiale, les méthodes différentes d'acquisition des données).
Les précédentes évaluations de l'industrie suggèrent une ressource en place à P50 de 42.9 milliards de barils d'équivalent pétrole, une valeur qui regroupe pétrole et du gaz sur la base d'une équivalence thermique de 1 baril d'équivalent pétrole
pour 6000 pieds cubes de gaz. Notre résultat à P50, exprimé en milliards de barils d'équivalent pétrole, est de 42.1 milliards de barils d'équivalent pétrole. De ces résultats, un rapport 78% huile et 22% gaz naturel est proposé comme ressource en
place sur l'île. En raison de l'absence de données de production sur l'île d'Anticosti, aucune tentative n'a été faite pour évaluer le taux de récupération de la ressource sur place.
Assessment of submarine slope failures off Vancouver Island, British Columbia
Authors: Riedel M , Naegeli K , Côté M M
Published: May 2016

Multibeam bathymetric data acquired off Vancouver Island across the accretionary prism of the Cascadia subduction zone reveal a prominent segmentation of the deformation front with dominant azimuths of the ridges at ~120° and ~150° and
abundant submarine landslides. Both these ridge-orientations are oblique to the direction of subduction (~45°). Ridges at a strike of ~120° show dominantly rectangular-shaped failure head-scarps and intact blocks of sediments within the failed sediment mass, whereas ridges with
an azimuth of ~150° show curved head-scarps and incoherent debris in the failure mass. We propose that this systematic change in failure-style is related to the underlying thrust fault system producing steeper and taller ridges for azimuths around 150°, but less steep and tall ridges
at 120°. Thus, debris-flow style failure is simply a result of higher kinetic forcing of the down-sliding sediment mass: more mixing and destruction of the coherent blocks for taller and steeper ridges, and blocks of intact sediment for gentle slopes and less elevated ridges. A segmentation of
the deformation front and ridge alignment into two dominant azimuths could be a result of: a) complex interaction and competing forces from overall slab-pull (45°), b) re-activated faults orientated almost N-S (~175°) on the oceanic plate and overlying sediment cover (reflected in the
magnetic stripes and abyssal plain strike-slip faulting), and c) relative orientation of the back-stop off Vancouver Island and accreted terranes (at ~127° following the coastline between Nootka Island and Port Renfrew). Extensional faulting is observed only at ridges with debris-flow
style failure, which also are the ridges with larger height and steeper slopes. These extensional faults may be the result of over-steepening of the ridges and collapse of the sediment pile that can no longer withstand its own weight due to limited internal shear strength.
Dual Creation Operators and a Dendriform
Algebra Structure on the Quasisymmetric
Functions
Authors: Grinberg Darij
Published: May 2016

The dual immaculate functions are a basis of the ring QSym of quasisymmetric functions and form one of the most natural analogues of the Schur functions. The dual immaculate function corresponding to a composition is a weighted generating function for immaculate tableaux in the same way as a Schur function is for semistandard Young tableaux; an immaculate tableau is defined similarly to a semistandard Young tableau, but the shape is a composition rather than a partition, and only the first column is required to strictly increase (whereas the other columns can be arbitrary, but each row has to weakly increase). Dual immaculate functions were introduced by Berg, Bergeron, Saliola, Serrano, and Zabrocki in arXiv:1208.5191, and have since been found to possess numerous nontrivial properties.

In this note, we prove a conjecture of M. Zabrocki that provides an alternative construction for the dual immaculate functions in terms of certain “vertex operators”. The proof uses a dendriform structure on the ring QSym; we discuss the relation of this structure to known dendriformstructures on the combinatorial Hopf algebras FQSym andWQSym.
Una nueva aproximación para la evaluación del golpe de ariete incluyendo la condición inicial de presurización de la instalación y del fluido
Authors: Kaless G.
Published: May 2016

El fenómeno del golpe de ariete es conocido desde el siglo XIX y su formulación matemática, en término de ecuaciones diferenciales, se debe a los trabajos de Allievi (1902) y otros investigadores del principio del siglo XX. Las ecuaciones presentes en la literatura técnica actual generan un fenómeno anómalo de golpe de ariete cuando el escurrimiento se encuentra en régimen permanente y no se introducen perturbaciones. En el presente trabajo se realiza una lectura crítica de la deducción presente en la literatura señalando las inconsistencias conceptuales. Luego se propone una nueva deducción y un conjunto de ecuaciones diferenciales que articulan consistentemente los conceptos de la mecánica de los fluidos y resuelven la anomalía detectada.
Previsão consumo diário de água: um estudo de caso de Nobres (Brasil)
Authors: Silva W. T. P. , Campos M. M. , Santos A. A.
Published: May 2016

Para obter eficiência operacional em sistema de abastecimento de água (SAA) a previsão de consumo de água em curto prazo (para o próximo dia) é necessária. Esse trabalho teve o objetivo de desenvolver um modelo matemático de previsão do consumo diário de água da cidade de Nobres, Estado de Mato Grosso, no Brasil. As etapas metodologicas realizadas foram: (1) revisão de literatura; (2) descrição da área de estudo; (3) coleta e análise de dados (consumo de água e clima); (4) proposição de modelo de previsão de consumo diário de água; (5) calibração e verificação do modelo; (6) aplicação de modelo. As técnicas de modelagem matemática empregadas foram regressão linear, Séries de Fourier e sistema especialista. Os resultados indicaram um erro médio percentual do modelo inferior a 10% indicando que apresentou bom ajuste e pode ser utilizado para prever o consumo de água. Como principal conclusão apresenta-se que o modelo desenvolvido que pode ser utilizado para o planejamento operacinal do SAA estudado.
Sistema de detección de fugas en tiempo real en presas de materiales sueltos mediante sensores distribuidos en fibra óptica
Authors: Muñoz O. , Gómez R. , Russo B. , Sánchez J.C.
Published: May 2016

El presente trabajo pretende analizar el uso de fibra óptica como sensor de temperatura distribuido para la detección de posibles fugas en presas de materiales sueltos. El uso de esta técnica permite complementar los sistemas de auscultación  normalmente utilizados mejorando la monitorización de las zonas críticas de la infraestructura. Este tipo de sistema de monitorización en tiempo real ha sido implementado en dos casos reales, (presa de Soto-Terroba y recrecimiento de la presa de Yesa). Finalmente este trabajo quiere proporcionar una visión práctica sobre esta nueva técnica implementada y en particular sobre los criterios de selección de materiales y las precauciones necesarias a la hora del despliegue del elemento sensor.
An adsorption theory of heterogeneous nucleation of water vapour on nanoparticles
Authors: Laaksonen A. , Malila J.
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Heterogeneous nucleation of water vapour on insoluble nuclei is a phenomenon that can induce atmospheric water and ice cloud formation. However, modelling of the phenomenon is hampered by the fact that the predictive capability of the classical heterogeneous nucleation theory is rather poor. A reliable theoretical description of the influence of different types of water-insoluble nuclei in triggering the water condensation or ice deposition would help to decrease uncertainty in large-scale model simulations. In this paper we extend a recently formulated adsorption theory of heterogeneous nucleation to be applicable to highly curved surfaces, and test the theory against laboratory data for water vapour nucleation on silica, titanium dioxide and silver oxide nanoparticles. We show that unlike the classical heterogeneous nucleation theory, the new theory is able to quantitatively predict the experimental results.