bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Miyake-jima anorthite: A lunar crustal material analog
Authors: Roy Arkadeep , Mallik Ananya , Hanna Kerri Donaldson , Goepfert Tyler J. , Hervig Richard L.
Published: August 2024

High-calcic (∼95% anorthite) plagioclase is the key mineral comprising the primary lunar crustal suites that cover over 60% of the Moon’s surface. Pristine crystals of similar high-calcic plagioclase are rare occurrences on Earth, which creates a roadblock to using terrestrial material as lunar crustal analogs. We discuss the potential of a particular megacrystic anorthite (An95.51±0.31) occurring in the basaltic lava flows of the island arc volcano in Miyake-jima, Japan, as a material analog. A comprehensive analytical routine for the Miyake-jima anorthites has been performed to explore intra- and inter-crystalline heterogeneities in major, minor, and trace elements. These anorthites show flat concentration gradients across core profiles for all major elements (Si, Al, Ca, Na), minor elements (Mg, Fe), and most trace elements (La, Ce, Pm, Nd, Eu). Comparing the chemical composition of the samples with that of different lunar crustal suites like ferroan anorthosites, high-magnesium suites, and high-alkali suites shows that the Miyake-jima anorthites are overlapping or depleted in most minor and trace elements except for a slight enrichment in Li, Ti, Fe, Sr, Eu, Ba, and Pb. Given the low abundance of most trace elements in the Miyake-jima anorthites, we can treat this sample suite as a “blank slate,” which provides the opportunity to dope the crystalline matrix with the elements of interest at different levels and use them for geochemical, petrologic, and spectroscopic studies. The lack of typical magmatic zoning and overlapping elemental compositions across the different megacrysts make the Miyake-jima anorthites very well suited as a lunar crustal material analog. Highly calcic, crystalline anorthite is shown to have unique spectral signatures from less calcic anorthite, and intermediate and sodic compositions of plagioclase feldspar as calcium and iron contents control the wavelength position and shape of the diagnostic spectral features in the thermal infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Thus, near- and thermal infrared spectral measurements of the Miyake-jima anorthites highlight the importance of developing chemically and mineralogically consistent terrestrial material analogs for remote sensing studies.
Gaussian state approximation of quantum many-body scars
Authors: Buijsman Wouter , Bar Lev Yevgeny
Published: August 2024

Quantum many-body scars are atypical, highly nonthermal eigenstates embedded in a sea of thermal eigenstates that have been observed in, for example, kinetically constrained quantum many-body models. These special eigenstates are characterized by a bipartite entanglement entropy that scales as most logarithmically with the subsystem size. We use numerical optimization techniques to investigate if quantum many-body scars of the experimentally relevant PXP model can be well approximated by Gaussian states. Gaussian states are described by a number of parameters that scales quadratically with system size, thereby having a much lower complexity than generic quantum many-body states, for which this number scales exponentially. We find that while quantum many-body scars can typically be well approximated by (symmetrized) Gaussian states, this is not the case for ergodic (thermal) eigenstates. This observation suggests that the non-ergodic part of the PXP Hamiltonian is related to certain quadratic parent Hamiltonians, thereby hinting on the origin of the quantum many-body scars.
Ambitions for theory in the physics of life
Authors: Bialek William
Published: August 2024

Theoretical physicists have been fascinated by the phenomena of life for more than a century. As we engage with more realistic descriptions of living systems, however, things get complicated. After reviewing different reactions to this complexity, I explore the optimization of information flow as a potentially general theoretical principle. The primary example is a genetic network guiding development of the fly embryo, but each idea also is illustrated by examples from neural systems. In each case, optimization makes detailed, largely parameter–free predictions that connect quantitatively with experiment.
SCHOOL DROPOUT AND STUDENTS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC TWELVE YEARS BASIC EDUCATION SCHOOLS OF RWANDA
Authors:   Post Graduate Student, Mount Kenya University, Rwanda., Celestin Maguru , Faustin Mugiraneza ,   Dean, School of Education, Mount Kigali, Rwanda.
Published: August 2024

The school dropout rate reduces significantly the school productivity including the students academic performance mostly in twelve years basic education in Rwanda. The purpose of this study therefore sought to establish the relationship between school dropout and students academic performance in public twelve years basic education schools of Burera District in Rwanda.Correlation research design was employed. The target population was 3575 people and Yamane (1967) formula was used to get the sample size of 360 respondents. Questionnaire and interview guide were used during data collection. IMB SPSS software version 20 was used in management of quantitative data. The findings revealed that 79.2% strongly agreed that Poor attendance can lead to school dropout. It was also noted that 79.4% strongly agreed that getting low Scores in examination can be considered as poor learning perspective. The findings also revealed that there is a statistical relationship between school dropout and students academic performance in public twelve years basic education schools. It was recommended that personal and social consequences of dropping out, accountability systems must emphasize dropout prevention measures.
EMPLOYING LANGUAGE STRATEGIES THROUGH BLENDED LEARNING IN IMPROVING STUDENTS SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENT AND CONCEPT RETENTION
Authors:   Pasig City Science High School., M. Villacrusis Ephraim
Published: August 2024

This study aims to determine the effects of language strategies in teaching science in the achievement of students in Science in blended learning approach. It is based in the belief that it has a positive effect on science achievement and retention of previously gained concepts in Biology 1. Following the quasi-experimental design, thirty-three 9th graders were treated as experimental group subjected to the use of different language strategies for teaching Biology1 in blended learning while the control group with another thirty-three participants was taught with the traditional approach in blended learning platforms. Both groups were given pretest and posttest and subjected to posttest re-administration to assess the retention level. Results showed that there is a significant difference between the posttest scores, and pretest and posttest mean scores of the experimental and control groups. In addition, retention of previously gained concept in science was also significant in the lag post-test scores of the experimental group and the control group but both groups recorded an increase in retention level. It is also identified that language strategies improves students engagement, enjoyment, skills development, critical thinking, comprehension and authentic learning experiences of the student participants during blended learning. Thus, suggesting that teachers may use the different language strategies in teaching science subjects to improve the achievement and enhance retention of previously gained concepts of students.
ANATOMICAL VARIATION HUMAN THORACIC RIB IN DRY BONE
Authors:   Assistant Professor (Anatomy Department) Zydus Medical College & Hospital, Dahod, Gujarat., Bhabhor Priyank , K. Katariya Bina ,   Assistant Professor (Anatomy Department) GMERS Medical College, Junagdh, Gujarat., Kumar Rakesh ,   Assistant Professor (Anatomy Department) Zydus Medical College & Hospital, Dahod, Gujarat., Shinde Dhairyashilrao ,   Assistant Professor (Anatomy Department) Zydus Medical College & Hospital, Dahod, Gujarat., Makwana Rekha ,   Tutor (Anatomy Department) Zydus Medical College & Hospital, Dahod, Gujarat., Chaudhari Gunwant ,   Head & Professor (Anatomy Department) Zydus Medical College & Hospital, Dahod, Gujarat.
Published: August 2024

Introduction:The ribs are essential structure of osseous thorax and provide information that aids in the interpretation of radiologic images. The purpose of this study to investigate variations in thoracic rib and its morphological & clinical importance. So, In present study attempted to find out additional intercostal spaces due to bifurcation of ribs, less intercostal space due to fusion of ribs, variation of the normal ribs like, gap in the rib, fusion of one rib to another at a shaft of rib. Congenital abnormalities of the ribs are usually asymptomatic, often discovered incidentally on chest X-ray. Effects of this neuroskeletal anomaly can include respiratory difficulties and neurological limitations. Materials & Methods: The study was carried out in Bone Store of Department of Anatomy, B.J.Medical College, Ahmedabad, and Zydus Medical College, Dahod, Gujarat. Study was carried out on 500 human dried ribs and the variations in the ribs are studied. We got variation in the human ribs and studied. Result: Variations were seen like out of 500 ribs, Bifid rib having two ends 9 (1.8%), rib having bifid space in 2(0.4%), Fusion rib at the level of shaft in 1(0.2%), fusion of first rib and second rib in 1(0.2%), and first rib having two ends in 1(0.2%) rib. (Table 1) Conclusion: Bifid rib is an anatomical variant where the sternal end of the rib is cleaved into two. So we can rule out mesoderm abnormalities, parenchyma lung disease, chest wall tumor or costal fracture.
DEXMEDETOMIDINE: A VERSATILE, MULTITASKING ANESTHETIC AGENT FOR PERIOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT, A NARRATIVE REVIEW
Authors: Khalafallah Susan , Arvind Arushi , Hammam Hekmat , Kloub Ghassan , Parekh Shrutika , Kapoor Sameer
Published: August 2024

Dexmedetomidine stands out as a versatile anesthetic agent with a unique combination of sedative, analgesic, and sympatholytic properties, making it highly suitable for various perioperative applications. Its ability to provide arousable sedation, reduce opioid requirements, and maintain hemodynamic stability offers significant advantages in the perioperative management of surgical patients, particularly those with cardiovascular risks or a history of opioid use. The neuroprotective potential of dexmedetomidine further broadens its clinical applicability, especially in neurosurgical and trauma settings. While generally well-tolerated, its use necessitates careful monitoring to mitigate side effects such as bradycardia and hypotension, particularly in patients with hepatic impairment. The availability of atipamezole as an antidote enhances the safety profile of dexmedetomidine, allowing for rapid and effective reversal of its sedative and cardiovascular effects. Given the comprehensive benefits and the evolving evidence supporting its use, dexmedetomidine represents a valuable addition to the anesthesiologists toolkit, warranting its continued exploration and integration into perioperative care protocols.
Use of tofacitinib in psoriatic arthritis (literature review)
Authors: Shafieva I. A. , Bulgakova S. V. , Kurmaev D. P. , Treneva E. V.
Published: August 2024

Introduction. Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic systemic immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the musculoskeletal system, and is a complex inflammatory arthropathy with a heterogeneous spectrum of manifestations. Persistent inflammation can lead to joint destruction and disability, which can be prevented with early diagnosis and treatment. Despite the extensive therapeutic arsenal, disease control in a significant proportion of patients is suboptimal. It is of interest to evaluate the effectiveness of the janus kinase inhibitor (JAK kinase) tofacitinib in the treatment of psoriasis and PsA.

Aim. Evaluate the possibilities of using tofacitinib in the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.

Materials and methods. We searched for literature on this topic in the databases of the electronic scientific medical libraries PubMed, PubMed Central, Scopus, eLibrary.Ru (until February 29, 2024). Our review scientific article is based on previously conducted research and does not contain any studies involving animals or humans conducted by any of the authors of our article. Results. Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the high efficacy of tofacitinib in the treatment of PsA. Tofacitinib is a modern effective drug for the treatment of psoriasis and PsA, with a good efficacy profile and an acceptable safety profile. Further long-term expanded research and clinical data will help expand the role of tofacitinib in the treatment of these diseases

Conclusion. The literature data indicate the high efficacy of tofacitinib in the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. The use of tofacitinib is promising in the treatment of patients with PsA, especially patients burdened with residual disease phenomena and pain.
Panic disorder and sleep disorders
Authors: Korabelnikova E. A. , Yakovleva E. V.
Published: August 2024

Introduction. Panic disorder (PD) are common problems in both primary and psychiatric specialty care. PD includes panic attacks (PA). PA are characterized by a sudden wave of fear or discomfort or a sense of losing control even when there is no clear danger or trigger. PD is frequently comorbid with sleep disorders, especially insomnia, сlosely interrelated etiopatogenically and worsen each other’s flow.

Aim. To evaluate the severity of the impact of sleep disturbances on the condition of patients with panic disorder and their dynamics during therapy.

Materials and methods. The study included 46 patients including 26 with a PD and sleep disturbances, assigned to the main group, and 20 healthy patients. The study design included clinical, anamnestic and psychometric methods (Sheehan scale, State-T rait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)) and sleep quality scales (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Spiegel questionnaire). Participants in the main group received psychoeducation and drug correction of PD (without the use of sedatives). A few months later, patients in the main group were re-tested.

Results. The results of the study indicate an obvious dependence of manifestation of clinical manifestations of panic disorder (agoraphobia attachment) and emotional disorders on the degree of severity of accompanying insomnia. With PR treatment not focused on correcting sleep disorders, patients experienced not only statistically significant reductions in Shihan levels of anxiety and trait anxiety in the STAI, but also statistically significant improvements in sleep quality.

Conclusion. Dependence of manifestation of clinical manifestations of panic disorder and emotional disorders on degree of manifestation of accompanying insomnia is shown. A panic disorder correction aimed at reducing anxiety led to a significant improvement in sleep subjectivity and psychometric testing.
The prognostic value of hematological indices in systemic inflammatory diseases of connective tissue
Authors: Manzyuk A. V. , Morozova T. E. , Gertsog A. A. , Litvinova M. A.
Published: August 2024

Introduction. The lack of available and effective laboratory markers makes predicting exacerbations and progression in systemic inflammatory diseases of connective tissue an intractable task for rheumatologists and primary care specialists who monitor patients. Hematological indices calculated from a complete blood count have demonstrated effectiveness in predicting the course of several diseases.

Aim. To determine the prognostic value of hematological indices of complete blood count (RDW, MPV, PLR, NLR, LMR, PMR,

PNR, SII) in predicting exacerbations and progression of systemic inflammatory diseases of connective tissue

Materials and methods. For a retrospective observational case-control study, patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and ANCA-associated vasculitis (microscopic polyangiitis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis) were selected. Patients with an exacerbation or progression of the disease that occurred within 3–12 months were assigned to the main group, patients with stable disease were assigned to the control group.

Results. 60 patients were selected, of which 25 had an exacerbation or progression over the next 3–12 months, 35 had a stable course of the disease. The initial clinical and demographic characteristics of patients had no significant differences, including between the subgroups with ANCA-associated vasculitis (n = 35) and systemic lupus erythematosus (n = 25). Patients in the main group had a higher initial erythrocyte distribution width (p < 0.001). Statistically significant differences were observed between the groups in the baseline level of platelet-lymphocytic, neutrophil-lymphocytic, platelet-neutrophil ratios and the index of systemic inflammation, but in the subgroups of SLE and ANCA-associated vasculitis, the differences were divergent.

Conclusion. The red blood cell distribution width demonstrated a higher prognostic value in relation to exacerbations and progression of ANCA-associated vasculitis and SLE compared with ESR and C-reactive protein and appears to be the most universal among the studied markers of prognosis of systemic inflammatory diseases of connective tissue.
Outpatient management of patients with vascular cognitive impairment
Authors: Pizova N. V. , Pizov A. V.
Published: August 2024

Age-related cognitive impairment is one of the top public health challenges nowadays. Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) includes a broad spectrum of cognitive disorders, from clinically mild cognitive impairment, which is revealed only due to  cognitive testing, to moderate and severe ones reaching the level of dementia. Vascular cognitive impairment covers the full spectrum of neurological disorders caused by cerebrovascular diseases. The neuropathology of cognitive impairment in later life is often a mixture of vascular pathology, Alzheimer disease, and other neurodegenerative diseases, which overlap and heighten the risk of cognitive impairment. Cognitive impairment is defined by the presence of a progressive reduction in cognitive abilities, worsening both of memory and attention, which leads to increased dependence and social isolation. Cerebrovascular risk factors are common among older adults and are major contributors to the development of vascular cognitive impairment. The most common vascular risk factors include hypertension, high cholesterol levels, diabetes and smoking, which have high prevalence rates in the population. The main causes of vascular cognitive impairment are considered to be acute cerebrovascular accidents, silent (asymptomatic) infarctions and cerebral microbleeds combined with or without white matter (WM) structural integrity and density changes. Cerebral small vessel disease is one of the most topical due to its effect in terms of socioeconomic burden. The use of neuroimaging, in particular magnetic resonance imaging, greatly improves the ability to identify the contribution of vascular diseases to the development of vascular cognitive impairment. Currently, no specific treatments for vascular cognitive impairment exist, but standard stroke prevention measures are recommended. Multimodal interventions including vascular risk factors and lifestyle modifications is currently the most promising treatment and prevention strategy. Cholinergic precursors were among the first compounds used to treat cognitive impairment.
The possibilities of using effective anti-anxiety therapy in the practice of a neurologist
Authors: Aronov P. V. , Belskaya G. N. , Cherepakhin D. I.
Published: August 2024

According to the diagnostic criteria for generalized anxiety disorder in ICD-10, the obligatory symptoms of anxiety are somatic (vegetative) manifestations, represented by a whole spectrum of disorders vital to the patient: cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological, gastrointestinal, urogenital, thermoregulatory, motor. Classic benzodiazepine drugs, such as phenazepam, alprazolam, and clonazepam, are quite effective in anxiolytic therapy. However, they have pronounced side effects, such as decreased reaction speed, drowsiness, weight gain, decreased libido, nervousness, headache, and others. With long-term use, side effects develop in more than 90% of patients. Side effects can significantly impair the patient’s quality of life and carry many hidden disorders of mental and somatic health. Etifoxine has a unique mechanism of action that includes allosteric effects on GABA(A) receptors and modulation of neurosteroid metabolism. It is effective in the treatment of anxiety disorders, reducing somatic and mental manifestations of anxiety. Etifoxine also has anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic effects. It does not cause dependence and withdrawal syndrome, does not affect psychomotor functions, and has high safety. Studies show that etifoxine can be recommended for widespread use in general medical practice as an effective and safe drug for daytime use to alleviate anxiety in various comorbid pathologies, especially in general neurological practice. It is a valuable tool for improving the quality of life of patients with anxiety disorders, especially when there are accompanying somatic manifestations of anxiety and comorbid neurological pathology.
Parenteral anti-B cell therapy for multiple sclerosis: From origins to the creation of the Russian drug divosilimab
Authors: Popova E. V. , Zeynalova S. R.
Published: August 2024

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease that leads to disability at the young, working age. Disease-modifying treatment are used to control multiple sclerosis. There are two models of therapy: escalation and induction. Recently, many experts have given preference to an induction approach to treatment, when highly effective drugs are prescribed as early as possible. One promising direction is parenteral anti- B cell therapy. The history of the development of this drug group begins with the successful use of Rituximab for the treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis. The results of the study were so impressive that this was the reason for prescribing this therapy off-lable in routine practice. And we are now noticing an increase in the number of patients on therapy with the Rituximab in European countries. Subsequently, the Ocrelizumab was developed, which became the first and only drug for the treatment of primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Divosilimab (Russian-made drug) was registered in 2023, which is also considered original due to the specific modified glycosylation scheme of the Fc-fragment. Having a sufficient selection of highly effective drugs, we must remember that in the pursuit of effectiveness we must not forget about the safety of the therapy. The issues of the possible use of an extended administration interval and reduction of the used dosage with long-term use of this type of therapy are discussed.
“Inmortalidad en la mortalidad”. La concepción y significación del fenómeno fundamental del eros en el pensamiento de Eugen Fink
Authors: Garrido Maturano Ángel Enrique
Published: August 2024

Este artículo analiza el concepto y la significación del fenómeno fundamental del eros en el pensamiento de Eugen Fink. Primero, explicita el eros como fenómeno supraindividual que vuelve excéntrica la libertad. Posteriormente, muestra el amor sexual como una determinación cósmica de la existencia que fusiona a los amantes con el impulso de renovación y perpetuación de la vida que atraviesa al mundo entero. Después expone la significación religiosa del eros como experiencia de lo divino y de la sacralidad de la vida. Finalmente, explicita el cuestionamiento ético fundamental que el análisis cosmológico del sentido del eros plantea a la sociedad actual.
The Counterintuitive Logic of the Nothing and the Gift of Nihilism: A Reading of Heidegger
Authors: Becker Lorca Martin Stephan
Published: August 2024

This paper presents an interpretation of nihilism based on the logic of nothingness. In the first part, I explore the mode of manifestation of nothingness, arguing that it resides at the core of the negative mode in which the Being of beings reveals itself: its withdrawal is precisely its mode of giving itself to us. To examine this obscure mode of disclosure, I distinguish between two different meanings of nothingness: nothingness as the total other of beings and Being as nothing. Following the latter and the negative and counterintuitive logic that it implies, in the second part, I offer an interpretation of nihilism. If in the age of nihilism “there is nothing to Being itself”—as Heidegger claimed—one may argue—with Heidegger—that this “denial itself had to become the highest and most austere revealing of Being.” This interpretation of nihilism may contradict Heidegger’s own often reactionary views on modernity.
Metáfora, ideología y posiciones metafísicas fundamentales. Un abordaje ontológico-discursivo desde la fenomenología hermenéutica
Authors: Bellocq Santiago
Published: August 2024

El presente artículo entabla un diálogo entre la fenomenología hermenéutica —particularmente aquella de cuño heideggeriano— y los estudios del discurso para reflexionar sobre el fenómeno de la metáfora y su funcionamiento esencial en la producción de sentido y verdad, así como en la (re)producción conceptual/discursiva de ideologías. Existe un relativo isomorfismo entre las modalidades operativas y estructurantes de lo que Heidegger llama “posiciones metafísicas fundamentales” y la ideología entendida de acuerdo con los trabajos de Althusser y Van Dijk. Entre ambas se ubica la metáfora como vía de acceso a las dinámicas propias de estas dimensiones heterogéneas pero complementarias. Comprender su carácter sistemático y significativo nos permitirá entender mejor la manera que tiene la verdad de fundamentar nuestro mundo y nuestra vida fáctica.
Los conceptos de Organisation y Dichtung de Friedrich Lange como marco teórico de la concepción nietzscheana del lenguaje
Authors: Dionicio Lozano Milton Fernando , Silva Rojas Alonso , Ávila Martínez Alexander
Published: August 2024

Este artículo examina la teoría del lenguaje de Nietzsche, la cual tiene una conexión esencial con postulados epistemológicos, estéticos y sociales de su pensamiento. Se argumenta que el lenguaje es el resultado de construcciones perspectivísticas y relativas de los seres humanos. Por esta razón, no se puede hablar de verdades absolutas o válidas universalmente dentro del lenguaje, sino únicamente de formas convencionales e interpretaciones: relatos de la realidad, mas no hechos objetivos. Se muestra que esta tesis de Nietzsche toma elementos importantes de la filosofía de Friedrich Albert Lange, reconocido filósofo de la ciencia del siglo XIX y fundador del neokantismo en Alemania. En particular, Nietzsche toma los conceptos de Organisation y Dichtung de Lange para algunos desarrollos centrales de su propia teoría del lenguaje en la etapa juvenil de su pensamiento.
Chitosan-Fortified Fermented Dairy Product with Extended Shelf-Life
Authors: Evdokimov I. , Kurchenko Vladimir , Alieva Ludmila , Lodygin Alexey , Grigorian Roza , Shipulin Valentin
Published: August 2024

If added to fermented dairy products, polysaccharide chitosan fortifies them with insoluble dietary fibers and increases their storage capacity. This research was conducted in the laboratories of the North Caucasus Federal University and the Belarusian State University. It showed that chitosan, when introduced into milk before fermentation, increases the system’s resistance to syneresis due to its moisture-retaining ability. However, the effect of chitosan on the lactic acid microflora is controversial. In this study, chitosan had an obvious bacteriostatic effect on Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp culture. bulgaricus but stimulated Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus. The combination of these starter cultures in a ratio of 1:3 made it possible to obtain a chitosan-fortified fermented dairy product with a pleasant taste and extended shelf-life.
The Relationship of Transposable Elements with Non-Coding RNAs in the Emergence of Human Proteins and Peptides
Authors: Mustafin Rustam Nailevich
Published: August 2024

:

Transposable elements are the oldest structural and functional units that were formed
during the emergence of life on Earth. The most ancient properties of transposable elements are
the multifunctionality of their transcription and translation products and the formation of their
many variants through processing, due to which transposable elements are key evolutionary
sources of long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs, microRNAs, proteins and peptides formation.
Moreover, the same type of transposon can simultaneously serve as the source of the origin of all
these molecules, providing the adaptive properties of living organisms, especially complex eukaryotes,
including humans. The ancient ability of transposable elements for mutual integration due to
their protein products interacting with DNA and RNA molecules, as well as for mutual regulation
due to the functionality of their RNA, is the basis for the origin of many proteins and non-coding
RNAs characterized by the same properties. This can explain the emergence of transcription factors
from transposable elements, that is, proteins capable of interacting with the structures of DNA
molecules due to the presence of specific amino acid sequences derived from transposable elements.
This article presents facts about the origin during the evolution of many protein and non--
coding RNA genes from transposable elements. Specific proteins and peptides translated from
long non-coding RNAs, pri-microRNAs and circular RNAs are described, which reflect the origin
of non-coding RNAs from transposable elements in evolution. These proteins and peptides are
promising tools for the treatment of viral infections and drug-resistant tumors, since, together with
non-coding RNAs, they are involved in antiviral and antitumor responses.
Recent Advancement and Novel Treatment Strategies for Breast Fibroadenoma: Clinical Approach and Prospects
Authors: Sahu Nandita , Jain Parag , Nagori Kushagra , Ajazuddin
Published: August 2024

Breast fibroadenoma, a common benign tumor, presents unique challenges in diagnosis
and management. This review article aimed to incorporate various aspects of fibroadenoma, including
diagnostic methods, treatment modalities, clinical case descriptions, and recent research
advancements. A comprehensive review of the literature and analysis of clinical cases were conducted
to elucidate the characteristics and management strategies of this condition. The morphological
size and nature of fibroadenoma were discussed, and clinical epidemiology and pathophysiology
were presented. The outcome of this study was to describe the importance of accurate diagnosis
through imaging techniques and histopathological examination. Furthermore, we explored
evolving treatment options, such as minimally invasive procedures and surveillance protocols for
conservative management. This article contributes to a deeper understanding of breast fibroadenoma
and informs clinical practice. Nonetheless, further research is warranted to refine diagnostic
and therapeutic approaches for optimal patient outcomes.
Cold Chain Logistics Vehicle Path Optimization Based on Improved Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm
Authors: Pughazendi N. , Lalitha K. , Chitra D. , Esakkiappan C. , Pandian M. Thurai
Published: August 2024

Aims and Background:

Cold Chain Logistics is defined as the secure storage, transportation,
and handling of temperature-sensitive items from the origin of production to the consumer
end. Transport and warehouses with refrigeration systems have been used in this process. Cold
chain logistics plays a key role in safely transporting food items to consumers.

Objectives and Methodology:

In this research article, we have proposed an improved Artificial Bee
Colony (ABC) algorithm for the path optimization method of cold chain logistics vehicles. It is difficult
to transfer resources across borders, there is no information sharing, and there are geographical
restrictions with traditional regional distribution systems. Reaching the consumer end in less
time, distance, and expense is made possible in large part by the cold chain logistics vehicle. Data
about the flow of traffic on the roads is taken into account when choosing routes.

objective:

: In this research article, we have proposed an improved artificial bee colony algorithm for path optimization method of cold chain logistics vehicles. It is difficult to transfer resources across borders, there is no information sharing, and there are geographical restrictions with traditional regional distribution systems. Reaching the consumer end in less time, distance, and expense is made possible in large part by the cold chain logistics vehicle. Data about the flow of traffic on the roads is taken into account when choosing routes. Path optimization methods are employed in this. One of the artificial swarm intelligence algorithms that is based on the functionality of bee colonies is the Artificial Bee Colony(ABC) Algorithm. The cold chain logistics(CCL) path is optimized with the aid of Internet technology and Global Positioning System technology. For the delivery of temperature-sensitive items, the most efficient short route is identified.

Result:

Path optimization methods are employed in this study. One of the artificial swarm intelligence
algorithms that is based on the functionality of bee colonies is the ABC algorithm. The Cold
Chain Logistics (CCL) path is optimized with the aid of Internet technology and Global Positioning
System technology. For the delivery of temperature-sensitive items, the most efficient short route is
identified.

Conclusion:

The main aim of this research is to reduce the time, distance, and cost involved in
transportation. The algorithm has provided an accuracy of 98.74% in attaining effective transportation
of cold logistics and optimal path selection.
Censorship in Early Childhood: A Critical Content Analysis of Banned and Challenged Latine Picture Books
Authors: Rodriguez Sanjuana , Osorio Sandra
Published: August 2024

Book bans have historically been used to limit the types of books that students have access to, especially for communities of Color and historically marginalized groups. Using Critical Race Content Analysis, we analyzed how Latine individuals and experiences are portrayed in banned/challenged picture books to understand the experiences portrayed in the texts. We identified ten Latine picture book titles that were banned or challenged and also award winners. We found that Latine picture books that were challenged or banned included experiential knowledge, the centrality of race and racism, challenged the dominant ideology of Latine communities, included interdisciplinary perspectives, and exhibited a commitment to social justice.  All children, especially Latine children, should engage and discuss children's books that include the Latine experience and their own stories.
Enhancing Medical Interview Skills Through AI-Simulated Patient Interactions: Nonrandomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yamamoto Akira , Koda Masahide , Ogawa Hiroko , Miyoshi Tomoko , Maeda Yoshinobu , Otsuka Fumio , Ino Hideo
Published: August 2024

Background

Medical interviewing is a critical skill in clinical practice, yet opportunities for practical training are limited in Japanese medical schools, necessitating urgent measures. Given advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) technology, its application in the medical field is expanding. However, reports on its application in medical interviews in medical education are scarce.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate whether medical students’ interview skills could be improved by engaging with AI-simulated patients using large language models, including the provision of feedback.

Methods

This nonrandomized controlled trial was conducted with fourth-year medical students in Japan. A simulation program using large language models was provided to 35 students in the intervention group in 2023, while 110 students from 2022 who did not participate in the intervention were selected as the control group. The primary outcome was the score on the Pre-Clinical Clerkship Objective Structured Clinical Examination (pre-CC OSCE), a national standardized clinical skills examination, in medical interviewing. Secondary outcomes included surveys such as the Simulation-Based Training Quality Assurance Tool (SBT-QA10), administered at the start and end of the study.

Results

The AI intervention group showed significantly higher scores on medical interviews than the control group (AI group vs control group: mean 28.1, SD 1.6 vs 27.1, SD 2.2; P=.01). There was a trend of inverse correlation between the SBT-QA10 and pre-CC OSCE scores (regression coefficient –2.0 to –2.1). No significant safety concerns were observed.

Conclusions

Education through medical interviews using AI-simulated patients has demonstrated safety and a certain level of educational effectiveness. However, at present, the educational effects of this platform on nonverbal communication skills are limited, suggesting that it should be used as a supplementary tool to traditional simulation education.
Assessment of Wearable Device Adherence for Monitoring Physical Activity in Older Adults: Pilot Cohort Study
Authors: Ding Huitong , Ho Kristi , Searls Edward , Low Spencer , Li Zexu , Rahman Salman , Madan Sanskruti , Igwe Akwaugo , Popp Zachary , Burk Alexa , Wu Huanmei , Ding Ying , Hwang Phillip H , Anda-Duran Ileana De , Kolachalama Vijaya B , Gifford Katherine A , Shih Ludy C , Au Rhoda , Lin Honghuang
Published: August 2024

Background

Physical activity has emerged as a modifiable behavioral factor to improve cognitive function. However, research on adherence to remote monitoring of physical activity in older adults is limited.

Objective

This study aimed to assess adherence to remote monitoring of physical activity in older adults within a pilot cohort from objective user data, providing insights for the scalability of such monitoring approaches in larger, more comprehensive future studies.

Methods

This study included 22 participants from the Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center Clinical Core. These participants opted into wearing the Verisense watch as part of their everyday routine during 14-day intervals every 3 months. Eighteen continuous physical activity measures were assessed. Adherence was quantified daily and cumulatively across the follow-up period. The coefficient of variation was used as a key metric to assess data consistency across participants over multiple days. Day-to-day variability was estimated by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients using a 2-way random-effects model for the baseline, second, and third days.

Results

Adherence to the study on a daily basis outperformed cumulative adherence levels. The median proportion of adherence days (wearing time surpassed 90% of the day) stood at 92.1%, with an IQR spanning from 86.9% to 98.4%. However, at the cumulative level, 32% (7/22) of participants in this study exhibited lower adherence, with the device worn on fewer than 4 days within the requested initial 14-day period. Five physical activity measures have high variability for some participants. Consistent activity data for 4 physical activity measures might be attainable with just a 3-day period of device use.

Conclusions

This study revealed that while older adults generally showed high daily adherence to the wearable device, consistent usage across consecutive days proved difficult. These findings underline the effectiveness of wearables in monitoring physical activity in older populations and emphasize the ongoing necessity to simplify usage protocols and enhance user engagement to guarantee the collection of precise and comprehensive data.
Peer Review of “In-Silico Works Using an Improved Hovorka Equations Model and Clinical Works on the Control of Blood Glucose Levels in People With Type 1 Diabetes: Comparison Study” (Preprint)
Authors: Gore Ross
Published: August 2024

UNSTRUCTURED
Performance of ChatGPT-4o in Real-Time Medical Consultation for Retroperitoneal Fibrosis Patients Under Doctor Supervision: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Chinese Clinical Setting (Preprint)
Authors: Gao Hui , Zhang Wuji , Liu Shibo , Li Yuanning , Zhu Yingxi , Long Ting , Yu Ruohan , Guo Qian , Zou Yadan , Li Ji , Zhang Lina , Yang Cui , Tong Yubing , Zhang Xuewu
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

LLMs like GPT-4 show promise in medical consultations but face challenges in non-English or real-time contexts. The new GPT-4o, with improved text processing and faster responses, may better address rare diseases like retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF).

OBJECTIVE

Performance of GPT-4o in providing real-time medical consultations for patients with rare disease remains underexplored, which is generally a challenge in clinical practice. We evaluate the competency of GPT-4o to generate responses to a rare autoimmune RPF on accuracy, completeness, readability, and quality, using a 7-point Likert scale.

METHODS

A total of 103 real-world RPF patients queries were collected from diverse sources. Responses were generated using the newly released version of GPT-4o (2024/5/17). All questions were also stratified and randomly divided into six groups. Six attending rheumatologists were assigned to answer one set of questions, then generated new responses with assistance of GPT-4o. All the responses were assessed blindly by three experts in RPF.

RESULTS

GPT-4o scored significantly higher than rheumatologists in accuracy (6.39 ± 0.50 vs. 4.99 ± 0.62), completeness (6.51 ± 0.44 vs. 4.55 ± 0.60), readability (6.45 ± 0.42 vs. 4.93 ± 0.59), and quality (6.42 ± 0.46 vs. 4.78 ± 0.55) (p < 0.001). Competency of rheumatologists + GPT-4o was better than that of rheumatologists alone (accuracy: 6.13 ± 0.63, completeness: 5.99 ± 0.81, readability: 6.05 ± 0.67, quality: 6.01 ± 0.71. p < 0.001), and physician revisions generally reduced the competency of GPT-4o. Subgroup analysis showed no significant difference on accuracy between GPT-4o and rheumatologists + GPT-4o in answering complex questions, but any type of revision lowered the competency of GPT-4o.

CONCLUSIONS

GPT-4o has the potential to provide real-time medical consultations for RPF in the Chinese clinical environment.
The adolescent learner’s perspectives regarding the influence of TikTok on the prevention of pregnancy in Vhembe District (Preprint)
Authors: Sepeng Nombulelo , Mulaudzi Fhumulani , Mathivha Pfarelo , Musie Maurine , Seretlo Raikane
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

TikTok is regarded as one of the major social media platforms for sharing health-related information, including teaching TikTok users about pregnancy prevention strategies. Adolescent learners are also using this social media to learn about various types of contraceptives that can be used to prevent pregnancy due to a lack of information on the subject from parents, teachers, and clinic staff, as well as a fear of being judged when discussing such sensitive health topics. However, pregnancy prevention material shared on TikTok can be either accurate or misleading.

OBJECTIVE

The study sought to explore and describe adolescent learners' perspectives on the influence of TikTok in pregnancy prevention in Vhembe District

METHODS

This study was conducted using a cooperative inquiry qualitative research design. This study stems from the study umbrella study, which aimed to develop strategies for the prevention of adolescent learner pregnancy. Data was collected using the Lekgotla data discussion method. This study's data was analyzed using NVIVO version 14 following the six Tesch thematic phases.

RESULTS

Four themes emerged from the data analysis: home-based concoctions recipes used for pregnancy prevention methods, other home-based recipes used for pregnancy prevention methods, home-based pregnancy test recipes, and different types of modern contraceptives used for pregnancy prevention.

CONCLUSIONS

Adolescent TikTok users learn pregnancy prevention methods that are myth-based and misleading. Regulating content on TikTok is crucial to avoid harm to teenagers using home remedies for pregnancy prevention.
Integrated Analysis by Geophysical and Spatial Data to Identify the Formation of Kepuhlegundi Hot Spring on Bawean Island
Authors: Rafi Muhammad Erfand Dzulfiqar , Fajar M Haris Miftakhul , Ulumuddin Faqih , Purwanto M Singgih
Published: August 2024

Bawean Island is a~result of volcanic activity in the back-arc volcanism zone located on the north side of Java Island. Bawean Island was formed due to the geological structure being controlled by the Paleogene-Neogene tectonic line in the Meratus Pattern. The mantle tearing resulted in the formation of the Bawean Arc. The Kepuhlegundi Hot Spring is a~component of the volcanism product on Bawean Island. To analyze the formation of hot springs in more detail, we conducted magnetic method measurements and integrated the data with gravity satellite and Fault Fracture Density (FFD) methods. The three methods were used to determine the continuity of the mapped geological structures surrounding the hot springs. The FFD method can be used to map the weak zone of the hot spring, which is caused by the lineament surrounding it. The magnetic and gravity methods reveal anomalous contrasts that extend towards the hot springs in the direction of the structure. The magnetic and gravity methods reveal anomalous contrasts that extend towards the hot springs in the direction of the structure. Based on regional anomaly analysis, spectrum analysis indicates that the structure is located at a~shallow depth of 15 to 80 meters. The drawing in each method shows a~dominant orientation in the Northeast-Southwest direction, which corresponds to the orientation of the Meratus Structure Pattern. Kepuhlegundi Hot Spring is formed due to the control of geological structures, allowing hot fluids to flow through fractures as an aquifer.