bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is brazilian capitalism at an institutionalequilibrium?: a varieties of capitalism approach
Authors: Doctor Mahrukh
Published: March 2021

Dado que o capitalismo brasileiro não se enquadraem nenhum tipo ideal de variedade de capitalismo,este artigo discute se o capitalismo brasileiro aindaestá evoluindo para um tipo ideal, ou se já está emum equilíbrio híbrido institucional. A análise incide sobre o regime de produção, com especial referênciaàs relações capital-trabalho-estado e analisa as estratégias como estratégias empresariais e o políticas públicas impactam a natureza do capitalismo no Brasil. A análise mostra como as empresas podemrealmente estar puxando o capitalismo brasileiro emum sentido diferente do que o estado.
Características Epidemiológicas en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos, Hospital General Docente de Calderón, Quito
Authors: Jimenez Freites Martha Roseny , Vega Muñoz Diana Maribel , Ortega Calvo Deivis Enrique , Álvarez Perdomo María Eugenia , González Muñoz Carla Viviana
Published: March 2021

Introducción: La valoración de la gravedad, inestabilidad clínica y pronóstico es un componente vital a enfrentar en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos (UCIP). Por tal razón, la evaluación sistemática de los indicadores epidemiológicos en dichos servicios desempeña un papel fundamental en los servicios públicos de salud. El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar las características epidemiológicas en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital General Docente de Calderón, Quito, en el período 2018-2019.

Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal basado en la revisión de historias clínicas de todos los pacientes pediátricos ingresados en el período 2018-2019, considerando las variables edad, género, causa de ingreso, apoyo ventilatorio, infecciones asociadas a cuidados de la salud (IACS), estancia en la UCIP y causa de egreso.

Resultados: 217 casos fueron incluidos. Hubo predominio del sexo masculino 130/217 (60%) y en el grupo etario predominaron los lactantes 116/217(53%). Las infecciones fueron la principal causa de ingreso 137/217(63%). Un sector importante de pacientes necesitó ventilación mecánica invasiva 84/217(38.7%); las tasas de IACS fueron mínimas (neumonía 3.2%; infección de catéter de vía central 2.3%); el promedio de estancia hospitalaria en la UCIP fue 4.8±0.8 días y la mortalidad fue de 5.99% (IC95 5.78-6.21%).

Conclusión: Los resultados concuerdan con los reportes internacionales en mortalidad, prevalencia y epidemiología.
Implementasi Program Indonesia Pintar bagi Siswa Tingkat Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Rahman Bobby , Asmara Romi
Published: March 2021

This study aims to observe closely the implementation of the Smart Indonesia Program at an elementary school in Lhokseumawe city and the obstacles encountered in its implementation. A qualitative descriptive was employed to obtain data through interviews, observation, and documentation. The results revealed that the assistance provided to students is very useful, even though only in the amount of Rp. 450,000, but it can ease the strain on parents, which is used to meet student needs. The Smart Indonesia Program is expected to be sustained so that students can continue their studies to higher levels of education. However, the obstacle faced is that the supervision from the local government (stakeholder) has not been effective. Some students cannot afford to have not been registered as recipients of the Smart Indonesia Card even though the school operator has submitted it through the Dapodik application. As a result, some parents of students complained to the school regarding this case.
Gamificação e jogo educativo: 76 ideias para dinamizar suas aulas
Authors: Ivanio Dickmann
Published: March 2021

Coletânea de textos sobre gamificação
The Impact of Liquidity and Leverage on Profitability in Industrial Sector in Jordan
Authors: Saleh Mousa Mohammad Abdullah , Jaradat Muneer M. , Wedyan Lu'ay M. , Saleh Haneen Mahmoud Ibrahim
Published: March 2021

Financial leverage is linked to the funding structure in terms of the proportion of debt in the capital structure; the higher the financial leverage is, the more the company depends on debt in its financing structure. On the other hand, the lower the debt is, the more the company relies on equity funding. The company thus decides the optimal funding combination that minimizes the company's capital costs and maximizes shareholder returns.The aim of this analysis was to quantify the effect of the analysis on the profitability of the Jordanian industrial sector listed on the Amman Stock Exchange during the period (2008-2017) and on a sample of (54) industrial companies to assess the impact of leverage and liquidity. In order to evaluate the data obtained from the actual financial statements of the industrial companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange, a descriptive and systematic methodology was used. As a result, the statistical conclusion showed that the effect of liquidity and leverage on profitability was a significant result.
The film and the theater of panpsychism in 'Letters About the Theater' of L.N. Andreyev
Authors: Đuričić Mila
Published: March 2021

In our research, we saw that Andreyev's assumptions were fulfilled - the film perfected the technique of depicting the action and the scene. The truth theater has replaced the incomprehensible naturalist theater with the new viewer. Enchanted theater is what makes everyone involved in a play - the writer, the stage, the theater and the audience. New Age viewers have to play offstage. In order for viewers to participate in a play, it must be responsive to new challenges - a more developed intellect, which gives the theater a representation of "intellectual experiences", or as Andreyev puts it: "the time of the drama of the Word has come. The body is surrendered to the film, and the soul and thought to the theater. (…) there is the subtlest crack of survival, almost like a dream of the soul, projection into the fourth dimension…" In further research into this topic it would be interesting to examine the extent to which today's participants in the drama of the Moscow Art Theater (the Hudozhestveny Theater) follow Andreyev's conception, as well as to look at the pro et contra views of contemporary playwrights on the theater of panpsychism.
Social legal position of waqf in the area of the Republic of North Macedonia
Authors: Izeti Muhammed
Published: March 2021

Waqf is an Islamic institution that has its foundations in Islamic legal sources: the Qur'an and the Sunnah. The norms on which waqf rests are established through the process of creation and interpretation of Islamic law by relevant Muslim jurists who set the waqf standards. Waqf played an invaluable role in the development of Muslim society and economy in the territory of the Republic of North Macedonia. In many historical periods, when different state systems in this region were in crisis, the Waqfis took the initiative and supplemented the weaknesses and weakness of the state. This was evident in the fields of religion, education, culture, health, social, economic affairs, etc. It is well known that, under repressive measures in past sociopolitical systems, the Waqf property was confiscated, nationalized and destroyed in various ways. During the reign of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, the Kingdom of the SKS, the Yugoslav Kingdom and the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, over 95% of vacant property was confiscated, nationalized and destroyed in various ways. Throughout history, the waqf has been in the service of Muslims, always maintaining their basic charity and human purpose, their return, on the one hand, will strengthen the context of the rule of law, while on the other, it will promote the positive development of the religious educational and cultural processes of the Islamic community, and will at the service of the population and society. The maximum commitment of the Islamsle community administration in the context of reclaiming waqf property is a good example of both legal and social commitment to alleviate the injustice done to this institution in the previous system.
A Case Report on Aesthetic Rehabilitation of Midline Diastema- An Insight into Perio-Restorative Interrelationship
Authors: Khera Archie , Bhalla Vidhi Kiran , Ranjan Rajeev , Shankar Daya
Published: March 2021

Aesthetic restorative procedures have gained immense popularity in the recent years. Midline diastemas have been commonly reported by a majority of patients due to poor aesthetic appeal. Various treatment modalities are available and cases have to be managed differently depending on the aetiological factors. Also, the selection of an appropriate restorative option is imperative to providing a pleasing smile. Conservative treatments that provide a solution to aesthetic problems and fulfil the patient’s expectations should always be the first therapeutic option. Ceramic veneers are capable of providing an accurate replica of the natural teeth along with good colour stability and periodontal biocompatibility. Soft tissues play a vital role in creating a harmonious and aesthetic result between the restorations, hard tissues and surrounding gingiva. Therefore, periodontal treatments such as crown lengthening and frenectomy are essential for creating an ideal soft tissue form corresponding to the tooth proportions. Management of large anterior interdental spaces requires a comprehensive treatment planning and often, a multidisciplinary approach is essential from a team of restorative dentists and periodontists to focus on the aetiological factors, patient needs, aesthetics and achieve stable long-term clinical results. The present case report discussed the satisfactory management of a wide anterior maxillary midline diastema in a 30-year-old female using a conservative perio-restorative approach with ceramic veneers after frenectomy and aesthetic crown lengthening procedure without any orthodontic intervention. The success of the present case was determined by a proper diagnosis of the underlying aetiology, treatment planning, use of ceramic veneers and total-etch adhesive technique.
An Evaluation on Full Coverage Crown Preparation: An Institutional Analysis
Authors: Rashid Nabilah Raihana Binti Mohd , Talib Muhammad Afif Imran Bin Abu , Ali Wan Nor Syariza Wan , Jaafar Azlan , Alauddin Muhammad Syafiq
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Undergraduate (UG) dental students are trained for fixed prosthodontics course clinically in teaching institutions during the clinical years. However, there is a lack of objective data on the quality of fixed prostheses preparations done by UG students on their patients for academic and clinical staff. Aim: To evaluate the full-coverage crown preparations performed by UG dental students in the university clinical teaching programme. Materials and Methods: This study was a clinical audit done in the Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam, Malaysia (USIM) from April to July 2018. The demographic and clinical data were collected from the patients’ notes and included relevant information of patients such as age, gender and others. Full-coverage crowns were analysed and crown preparation assessments were done using specific criteria and standards. The descriptive data were measured in frequency and percentage for categorical variables and mean and standard deviation for continuous data. Results: A total of 31 patients fitted with 45 units of full-coverage crowns were analysed. The mean age of patients treated by fifth year dental students was 40.5 (±14.16) years. A 51% Porcelain Fused to Metal (PFM) crown provided to the patients. On the whole, UG undergoing the dentistry programme in the institution scored the lowest (51%) on proximal reduction and the highest (97.7%) on producing smooth and continuous preparation. Conclusion: Majority of the crowns prepared by students have acceptable preparation except in proximal reduction and cervical margin preparation that can be improved upon and emphasised further during the teaching and learning sessions.
Impact of Improved Rice Variety on Productivity and Crop Diversity: A Case of Singye Gewog (Block) in Sarpang District of Southern Bhutan
Authors: Dendup Chezang , Dorji Sonam , Tshomo Sonam , Tshering Langa
Published: March 2021

The survey was conducted in 2019 to generate baseline information for rice yield and varietal diversity, involving 54 experienced rice farmers of Singye Gewog (block) under Sarpang Dzongkhag (district) in Southern Bhutan. A total of 9 varieties were found under cultivation, of which 2 and 7 were assessed to be improved varieties and landraces respectively. The mean yield of improved varieties was 1253.2 kg acre-1, whereas landraces yielded 777.1 kg acre-1 (P=.006). The chronological varietal diversity revealed that 47.05% of farmer-named varieties were either lost or replaced over 20 years. However, landrace such as Choti Mahsino was popular, covering 24.6% of the rice cultivated area. Further, taste, yield stability, and utility for festivals were the main reasons for perpetuating landraces’ cultivation. The study showed the positive impact of improved varieties on productivity while it has narrowed varietal diversity. On the flip side, the current research found that only one improved variety was adopted which shows a need to promote improved varieties, while the improvement of landraces should also be given priority.
Producers' Perception of Grain Delivery in a Cereal Company in Northern Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Zilli Julcemar Bruno , Lettrari Felipe
Published: March 2021

Agribusiness is constantly growing every year, all due to the increase in the world population, which makes the demand for food ever greater. Agriculture in Brazil is seen today with the greatest potential for expansion and growth compared to other countries, thus the market and the agricultural industries are expanding. The objective of this work is to help a cereal company in the north of the state of the Rio Grande do Sul through a field survey in verifying the customers’ perception, and exploring the predominant factors in choosing the delivery of grain production. The purpose of the literature review was to clarify aspects regarding agribusiness and the area in which the research was carried out. Information collected in the literature review provided support for the construction of a questionnaire used in the data collection. Results showed explanation of the diversity of each region in which the company operated and with that, it was noted the different profiles of the producers, and consequently the competition, since each one had its peculiarities, and each client, regardless of region, had distinct needs that needed to be seen and met by the company in general. The company is in full growth, and has a very broad view of the market, that is, it is diversifying its areas of operation in the agribusiness branch in search of competitiveness, valuing customers and partners, always bearing in mind its principles and values, being this is a differential valued by its customers.
Improving the Productivity through Site-Specific Nutrient Management in Cashew through a Mobile App in Coastal India
Authors: Mangalassery Shamsudheen , Preethi Palpandian , Muralidhara Bommanahalli Munivenkate , Nayak Mundakochi Gangadhara
Published: March 2021

Nutrient management plays a key role in the productivity and sustainability of land resources. Balanced application of mineral nutrition to the crops not only helps to realise increased yields but also to prevent land degradation. Cashew is generally grown as a rainfed crop in tropical regions with limited attention on nutrient management. Making an informed decision on the scientific aspects of the nutrient application in terms of the right amount, time and place of application are important for the growers. The mobile apps come handy in this direction because the farmers can themselves find out nutrient management schedule as per the field conditions. A mobile app for nutrient management in cashew was developed which takes care of varied field situations of farmers and was demonstrated in the farmer’s fields under participatory research mode. The app helped farmers to devise their own site-specific nutrient management. The field implementation for the site-specific nutrient management with the help of a mobile app showed improvement in soil and leaf nutrient status as well as the raw cashewnut yield. The yield improvement was in the range of 58 to 67% and the BC ratio was increased by 9 to 47% compared to the initial status. The mobile app DCR-Cashew Nutrient Manager was useful to empower the farmers, and field implementation was beneficial to improve the productivity, income and ecosystem sustainability by improving the nutrient balance in the soil.
Farmers’ Perceptions, Attitudes and Adaptions towards Climate Change in Selected Semi-Arid Districts of India: Implications from an Adaptation View
Authors: Shankar K. Ravi , Nagasree K. , Nirmala G. , Rao C. A. Rama , Raju B. M. K. , Beevi C. N. Anshida , Rohit Jagriti , Pankaj P. K. , Ramana D. B. V. , Srinivas I. , Kumar S. Vijaya , Sindhu K. , Rao Ch. Srinivasa
Published: March 2021

The effects of climate change on agriculture are being witnessed all over the world. Rainfed agriculture is likely to be impacted severely in view of its’ high dependency on monsoon, the likelihood of increased extreme weather events due to aberrant behavior of south west monsoon. Anantapur, Akola, Solapur and Bijapur districts in India were selected for the study because, rainfed area is more than irrigated area and rainfall is the most critical factor affecting crop production in these districts. Major perceptions of climate change in the four rainfed study districts were prolonged dry spells, rise in temperatures, and delayed and shorter rains. Major adaptation measures towards climate change in four study districts were insurance, change in planting dates and cropping pattern. Majority of farmers positively agreed with attitude towards climate change statements which augurs well for current and future adaptation actions. As farm-level adaptation becomes an increasingly important across the world, policies at all levels will need to be accounted for appropriate factors, including perceptions and how perceptions affect human behavior and adaptive actions. Adaptation through transformation (in the present study diversify to livestock and work as labor) has the potential to become an inclusive, engaging and empowering process that contributes to alternative and sustainable development pathways which needs to be encouraged. The present findings contribute to research on climate change adaptation decision making both as a function of intra-individual processes such as knowledge, attitudes; and extra-individual factors like policies, infrastructure, information, forecasts etc. along with socio-economic contributory factors which deserve due attention in the light of scaling up adaptations.
Unveiling Perturbing Effects of P-R Drag on Motion around Triangular Lagrangian Points of the Photogravitational Restricted Problem of Three Oblate Bodies
Authors: Amuda Tajudeen Oluwafemi , Leke Oni , Abdulraheem Abdulrazaq
Published: March 2021

The perturbing effects of the Poynting-Robertson drag on motion of an infinitesimal mass around triangular Lagrangian points of the circular restricted three-body problem under small perturbations in the Coriolis and centrifugal forces when the three bodies are oblate spheroids and the primaries are emitters of radiation pressure, is the focus of this paper. The equations governing the dynamical system have been derived and locations of triangular Lagrangian points are determined. It is seen that the locations are influenced by the perturbing forces of centrifugal perturbation and the oblateness, radiation pressure and, P-R drag of the primaries. Using the software Mathematica, numerical analysis are carried out to demonstrate how the dynamical elements: mass ratio, oblateness, radiation pressure, P-R drag and centrifugal perturbation influence the positions of triangular equilibrium points, zero velocity surfaces and the stability. Our investigation reveals that, though the radiation pressure, oblateness and centrifugal perturbation decrease region of stability when motion is stable, however, they are not the influential forces of instability but the P-R drag. In the region when motion around the triangular points are stable an inclusion of the P-R drag of the bigger primary even by an almost negligible value of 1.04548*10-9 overrides other effect and changes stability to instability. Hence, we conclude that the P-R drag is a strong perturbing force which changes stability to instability and motion around triangular Lagrangian points remain unstable in the presence of the P-R drag.
Mechanically Efficient Cellular Materials Inspired by Cuttlebone
Authors: Mao Anran , Zhao Nifang , Liang Yahui , Bai Hao
Published: March 2021

Cellular materials with excellent mechanical efficiency are essential for aerospace structures, lightweight vehicles, and energy absorption. However, current synthetic cellular materials, such as lattice materials with a unit cell arranged in an ordered hierarchy, are still far behind many biological cellular materials in terms of both structural complexity and mechanical performance. Here, the complex porous structure and the mechanics of the cuttlebone are studied, which acts as a rigid buoyancy tank for cuttlefish to resist large hydrostatic pressure in the deep‐sea environment. The cuttlebone structure, constructed like lamellar septa, separated by asymmetric, distorted S‐shaped walls, exhibits superior strength and energy‐absorption capability to the octet‐truss lattice and conventional polymer and metal foams. Inspired by these findings, mechanically efficient cellular materials are designed and fabricated by 3D printing, which are greatly demanded for many applications including aerospace structures and tissue‐engineering‐scaffold. This study represents an effective approach for the design and engineering of high‐performance cellular materials through bioinspired 3D printing.
Copper‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Cascade Reaction of Benzaldehyde with Benzylamine and Hydroxylamine or Aniline: Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Oxadiazoles and Quinazolines
Authors: Wang Chao , Rui Xiyan , Si Dongjuan , Dai Rupeng , Zhu Yueyue , Wen Hongmei , Li Wei , Liu Jian
Published: March 2021

The analogous three‐component synthesis strategy for substituted 1,2,4‐oxadiazole and quinazoline derivatives from readily available benzaldehyde, benzylamine and hydroxylamine or aniline has been developed. Both the cascade reaction sequences involves nucleophilic addition of C−N bond, introduction a halogen donor, nucleophilic substitution and Cu(II)‐catalyzed aerobic oxidation. This synthesis methodology demonstrated good yields, broad substrate scope and oxygen as a green oxidant. Thus, this synthesis protocol provides strategies for the construction of substituted 1,2,4‐oxadiazole and quinazolines from readily and simple starting materials.

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Synthesis, crystal structure, density functional theory calculations, and antimicrobial activity of silver(I) complex derived from 2‐aminobenzothiazole ligand
Authors: Jiang Jian‐Hong , Lei Yan‐Hua , Ou Yang‐Hao , Li Xu , Pi Yi‐Yuan , Ye Li‐Juan , Li Qiang‐Guo , Li Chuan‐Hua
Published: March 2021

Reaction of silver nitrate with 2‐aminobenzothiazole (abbreviated as Habt) in methanol at 45°C gave mononuclear complex of formula [Ag (Habt)2]NO3•CH3OH. The structure of the complex was characterized by infrared (IR) spectra, single crystal X‐ray diffraction, and elemental analysis. X‐ray diffraction analysis indicated that the title complex was crystallized in the triclinic crystal system with space group P–1, in which silver(I) ion was coordinated to two 2‐aminobenzothiazole ligands through the benzothiazol nitrogen atom. Theoretical study of the complex was carried out by density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP method. The antimicrobial effects of the ligand and its silver(I) complex were evaluated by bio‐microcalorimetry on the growth of Schizosaccharomyces pombe (S. pombe). Some quantitative metabolic parameters, such as growth rate constant (k), maximum heat power (Pmax), inhibition ratio (I), and half inhibition concentration (IC50), were derived from the metabolic power–time curves of S. pombe growth. The half inhibition concentration (IC50) of the ligand was calculated to be 2.58 × 10−3 mol L−1. The complex could strongly influence the lag phase of S. pombe.
The Effect of Human Tissue on Field Strength Measurements In Vivo Using a Resonant UHF Cavity‐Backed Slot Antenna
Authors: M. Albadri Noor , A. Hides Julie , Espinosa Hugo G. , Thiel David V.
Published: March 2021

An inward‐looking wearable antenna can be used for radio communications with internal transceivers in vivo. The radio transmissions are recorded using an array of electric field sensors on the skin. This paper reports the effect of living tissue on a small cavity‐backed slot antenna pressed onto soft tissue of the human torso at 2.09 GHz. In‐vivo measurements were made on the skin surface at 13 torso locations using eight participants (age range, 22–68 years old), with body mass index ranging between 20.3 and 31.6 kg/m2. Ultrasound imaging was used to determine the skin and fat thickness at every measurement location. The variation in the antenna input impedance measurements demonstrated that the human tissues (fat and muscle) affect the antenna impedance but the mismatch creates field strength measurement errors of less than 2 dB. Fat thickness in the range of 3–30 mm can slightly degrade the performance of these wearable antennas. These effects can be partly mitigated by selective location and antenna retuning to improve transceiver communications. Bioelectromagnetics. 2021. © 2021 Bioelectromagnetics Society
Multicentric phase II trial of TI‐CE high‐dose chemotherapy with therapeutic drug monitoring of carboplatin in patients with relapsed advanced germ cell tumors
Authors: Chevreau Christine , Massard Christophe , Flechon Aude , Delva Rémy , Gravis Gwenaëlle , Lotz Jean‐Pierre , Bay Jacques‐Olivier , Gross‐Goupil Marine , Fizazi Karim , Mourey Loïc , Paci Angelo , Guitton Jérôme , Thomas Fabienne , Lelièvre Bénédicte , Ciccolini Joseph , Moeung Sotheara , Gallois Yohan , Olivier Pascale , Culine Stéphane , Filleron Thomas , Chatelut Etienne
Published: March 2021

Background

High‐dose chemotherapy (HDCT) with TI‐CE regimen is a valid option for the treatment of relapsed advanced germ cell tumors (GCT). We report a phase II trial with therapeutic drug monitoring of carboplatin for optimizing area under the curve (AUC) of this drug.

Methods

Patients with unfavorable relapsed GCT were treated according to TI‐CE regimen: two cycles combining paclitaxel and ifosfamide followed by three cycles of HD carboplatin plus etoposide administered on 3 days. Carboplatin dose was adapted on day 3 based on carboplatin clearance (CL) at day 1 in order to reach a target AUC of 24 mg.min/mL per cycle. The primary endpoint was the complete response (CR) rate.

Results

Eighty‐nine patients who received HDCT were included in the modified intent‐to‐treat (mITT) analysis. Measured mean AUC was 24.4 mg.min/mL per cycle (22.4 and 26.8 mg.min/mL for 10th and 90th percentiles). Thirty‐five (44.3%) patients achieved a CR with or without surgery of residual masses and 20 patients achieved a partial response with negative tumor markers. With a median follow‐up of 44 months (m), median PFS was 12.3 m (95% CI: 7.5–25.9) and OS was 46.3 m (95% CI: 18.6–not reached). For high‐ and very high‐risk patients, according to the International Prognostic Score at first relapse or treated after at least one salvage treatment (n = 51), 2‐year PFS rate was 41.1%.

Conclusion

The rates of complete and favorable responses were clinically relevant in this very poor risk population. Individual monitoring of carboplatin plasma concentration permitted to control more accurately the target AUC and avoided both underexposure and overexposure to the drug.
S100A7 promotes the development of human endometriosis by activating NF‐κB signaling pathway in endometrial stromal cells
Authors: Sun Qingqing , Cao Yijuan , Lan Yonglian , Lei Lingling , Zhang Bei , Wang Shuyu
Published: March 2021

Endometriosis (EM) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting women aged between 23 and 42 years with a prevalence of 6%–10%. S100A7, a member of the S100 protein family, has been implicated in promoting inflammation. However, the role of S100A7 in EM and its underlying mechanism remain to be elucidated. S100A7 was silenced or overexpressed in primary endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). Cell proliferation was determined using a Cell Counting Kit‐8. Cell cycle/apoptosis was monitored using a flow cytometer. Cell invasion was studied by a Transwell assay. Quantitative RT‐PCR and Western blot analyses were used to evaluate gene expression. S100A7 and NF‐κB expression is increased in both endometriotic tissue and ESCs from women with EM. The expression of S100A7 is correlated with the expression of NF‐κB. S100A7 knockdown inhibits ESCs proliferation, cell cycle progression, cell invasion, and inflammation, but promotes cell apoptosis in an NF‐κB dependent manner. In contrast, S100A7 overexpression demonstrated an inverse effect. S100A7 is increased in both endometriotic tissue and ESCs from women with EM. S100A7 overexpression contributes to EM through increasing ESCs proliferation, cell cycle progression, cell invasion, and inflammation, and inhibiting cell apoptosis in the NF‐κB dependent manner. These findings highlight the importance of S100A7/NF‐κB signaling in EM and provide new insights into therapeutic strategies for EM.
Tuning the Properties of Metal Surfaces to Make Them CO‐Tolerant and Highly Active Catalysts for Hydrogen Oxidation: A First‐Principles Approach
Authors: Campbell Tyler , Dhakal Nagendra , Alcántara Ortigoza Marisol , Stolbov Sergey
Published: March 2021

CO poisoning hinders the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) on Pt‐based hydrogen‐fuel‐cell anodes. To be more active than Pt toward CO removal, a catalyst must satisfy seemingly contradictory conditions: to bind more strongly OH radicals and more weakly CO than Pt does. It is shown that this is possible for a surface if: a) its d‐band is located at a sufficiently lower energy than that of Pt‐this is to weaken the covalent CO‐surface bonds; b) it transfers more charge to OH; c) its work function is sufficiently lower than that of Pt‐this is to strengthen the ionic OH‐surface bonds. We show that Pd on Mo(110) and W(110) substrates meet these requirements. Indeed, our reaction free energy diagrams indicate that Pd/Mo(110) and Pd/W(110) are much more active toward CO removal than Pt. Also, our free energy calculations show that the HOR thermodynamics is more favorable for Pd/Mo(110) and Pd/W(110) than for Pt. We thus propose these materials as highly active and CO tolerant HOR catalysts.
Successful Prediction of Human Steady‐State Unbound Brain‐to‐Plasma Concentration Ratio of P‐gp Substrates Using the Proteomics‐Informed Relative Expression Factor Approach
Authors: Storelli Flavia , Anoshchenko Olena , Unadkat Jashvant D.
Published: March 2021

In order to optimize central nervous system (CNS) drug development, accurate prediction of the drug’s human steady‐state unbound brain interstitial fluid‐to‐plasma concentration ratio (Kp,uu,brain) is critical, especially for drugs that are effluxed by the multiple drug resistance transporters (e.g., P‐glycoprotein, P‐gp). Due to lack of good in vitro human blood‐brain barrier models, we and others have advocated the use of a proteomics‐informed relative expressive factor (REF) approach to predict Kp,uu,brain. Therefore, we tested the success of this approach in humans, with a focus on P‐gp substrates, using brain positron emission tomography imaging data for verification. To do so, the efflux ratio (ER) of verapamil, N‐desmethyl loperamide, and metoclopramide was determined in human P‐gp‐transfected MDCKII cells using the Transwell assay. Then, using the ER estimate, Kp,uu,brain of the drug was predicted using REF (ER approach). Alternatively, in vitro passive and P‐gp–mediated intrinsic clearances (CLs) of these drugs, estimated using a five‐compartmental model, were extrapolated to in vivo using REF (active CL) and brain microvascular endothelial cells protein content (passive CL). The ER approach successfully predicted Kp,uu,brain of all three drugs within twofold of observed data and within 95% confidence interval of the observed data for verapamil and N‐desmethyl loperamide. Using the in vitro–to–in vivo extrapolated clearance approach, Kp,uu,brain was reasonably well predicted but not the brain unbound interstitial fluid drug concentration‐time profile. Therefore, we propose that the ER approach be used to predict Kp,uu,brain of CNS candidate drugs to enhance their success in development.
Female extra‐pair behavior is not associated with reduced paternal care in Thorn‐tailed Rayadito
Authors: Poblete Yanina , Botero‐Delgadillo Esteban , Espíndola‐Hernández Pamela , Südel Gabriela , Vásquez Rodrigo A.
Published: March 2021

Extra‐pair behavior is present in 76% of socially monogamous bird species with biparental care. This behavior may produce costs to females related to a reduction in paternal care. We estimated the percentage of extra‐pair offspring and quantified paternal care in 44 nests of Thorn‐tailed Rayadito (Aphrastura spinicauda) to assess whether males reduce their parental care when females obtain extra‐pair fertilizations. We used data from a sub‐Antarctic population of Rayadito located on Navarino Island (55°4′S, 67°40′W), southern Chile. We found no statistical support for a relationship between variation in paternal care and the percentage of extra‐pair offspring. We discuss how the inability of breeding males to assess their genetic paternity and potential restrictions on behavioral flexibility may explain this result. Additionally, if paternal care is subjected to sexual selection, this could limit a facultative response to female extra‐pair behavior by males. Finally, it is possible that a reduction in paternal care might not have evolved in this particular locality given the low frequency of extra‐pair paternity in our study population.
N‐acylethanolamine‐hydrolysing acid amidase: A new potential target to treat paclitaxel‐induced neuropathy
Authors: Toma Wisam , Caillaud Martial , Patel Nipa H. , Tran Tammy H. , Donvito Giulia , Roberts Jane , Bagdas Deniz , Jackson Asti , Lichtman Aron , Gewirtz David A. , Makriyannis Alexandros , Malamas Michael S. , Imad Damaj M.
Published: March 2021

Background

Although paclitaxel is an effective chemotherapeutic agent used to treat multiple types of cancer (e.g. breast, ovarian, neck and lung), it also elicits paclitaxel‐induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN), which represents a major dose‐limiting side effect of this drug.

Methods

As the endogenously produced N‐acylethanolamine, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), reverses paclitaxel‐induced mechanical hypersensitivity in mice, the main goals of this study were to examine if paclitaxel affects levels of endogenous PEA in the spinal cord of mice and whether exogenous administration of PEA provides protection from the occurrence of paclitaxel‐induced mechanical hypersensitivity. We further examined whether inhibition of N‐acylethanolamine‐hydrolysing acid amidase (NAAA), a hydrolytic PEA enzyme, would offer protection in mouse model of PIPN.

Results

Paclitaxel reduced PEA levels in the spinal cord, suggesting that dysregulation of this lipid signalling system may contribute to PIPN. Consistent with this idea, repeated administration of PEA partially prevented the paclitaxel‐induced mechanical hypersensitivity. We next evaluated whether the selective NAAA inhibitor, AM9053, would prevent paclitaxel‐induced mechanical hypersensitivity in mice. Acute administration of AM9053 dose‐dependently reversed mechanical hypersensitivity through a PPAR‐α mechanism, whereas repeated administration of AM9053 fully prevented the development of PIPN, without any evidence of tolerance. Moreover, AM9053 produced a conditioned place preference in paclitaxel‐treated mice, but not in control mice. This pattern of findings suggests a lack of intrinsic rewarding effects, but a reduction in the pain aversiveness induced by paclitaxel. Finally, AM9053 did not alter paclitaxel‐induced cytotoxicity in lung tumour cells.

Conclusions

Collectively, these studies suggest that NAAA represents a promising target to treat and prevent PIPN.

Significance

The present study demonstrates that the chemotherapeutic paclitaxel alters PEA levels in the spinal cord, whereas repeated exogenous PEA administration moderately alleviates PIPN in mice. Additionally, targeting NAAA, PEA's hydrolysing enzyme with a selective compound AM9053 reverses and prevents the PIPN via the PPAR‐α mechanism. Overall, the data suggest that selective NAAA inhibitors denote promising future therapeutics to mitigate and prevent PIPN.
Fingerprinting triacylglycerols and aldehydes as identity and thermal stability indicators of camellia oil through chemometric comparison with olive oil
Authors: Peng Ling , Yuan Jieyao , Yao Dan , Chen Chi
Published: March 2021

Camellia oil is widely recognized as a high‐quality culinary oil in East Asia for its organoleptic and health‐promoting properties, but its chemical composition and thermal stability have not been comprehensively defined by comparisons with other oils. In this study, the triacylglycerols (TAGs) in camellia, olive, and six other edible oils were profiled by the liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS)‐based chemometric analysis. Besides observing the similarity between camellia oil and olive oil, TAG profiling showed that OOO, POO, and OOG (O: oleic acid, P: palmitic acid, and G: gadoleic acid) can jointly serve as the identity markers of camellia oil. Thermal stability of virgin camellia oil (VCO) was further evaluated by extensive comparisons with virgin olive oil (VOO) in common lipid oxidation indicators, aldehyde production, and antioxidant and pro‐oxidant contents. The results showed that p‐anisidine value (AnV) was the sensitive lipid oxidation indicator, and C9‐C11 aldehydes, including nonanal, 2‐decenal, 2,4‐decadienal, and 2‐undecenal, were the most abundant aldehydes in heated VCO and VOO. Under the frying temperature, heated VCO had lower AnV and less aldehydes than heated VOO. Interestedly, the VCO had lower levels of pro‐oxidant components, including α‐linolenic acid, free fatty acids, and transition metals, as well as lower levels of antioxidants, including α‐tocopherol and phenolics, than the VOO. Overall, great similarities and subtle differences in TAG and aldehyde profiles were observed between camellia and olive oils, and the thermal stability of camellia oil might be more dependent on the balance among its unsaturation level, pro‐oxidant, and antioxidant components than a single factor.
Deep‐features with Bayesian optimized classifiers for the breast cancer diagnosis
Authors: Sannasi Chakravarthy S. R. , Rajaguru Harikumar
Published: March 2021

To improve the state‐of‐the‐art works in breast cancer diagnosis, this paper proposes ensemble‐based deep‐transfer learning with classifiers namely optimizable K‐nearest neighbors, optimizable naïve Bayes, optimizable ensemble, and optimizable support vector machine algorithms for the auto‐feature extraction, detection, and severity classification of input mammograms. The hyperparameters of these classification algorithms are optimized by using the Bayesian optimization technique. The extracted robust features are normalized and then classified using the Bayesian optimized classifiers. Thus, the work throws a light of research on detecting whether the input mammogram is normal or abnormal. Afterward, it further focuses on the severity classification of abnormalities that is, benign or malignant. The aforesaid algorithms are trained and tested for the three‐class classification problem, thus achieving a maximum performance using the Bayesian optimized SVM algorithm applied with ResNet18 deep features providing classification accuracy of 99.689% for MIAS and 98.883% for INbreast dataset.
Low expression of tRF‐Pro‐CGG predicts poor prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Jun , Jin Lei , Gao Yuan , Gao Peng , Ma Le , Zhu Bei , Yin Xu , Sui Shizhen , Chen Shuai , Jiang Zijian , Zhu Chunfu
Published: March 2021

Background & Aims

tRFs (tRNA‐derived RNA fragments) have been reported to facilitate cancer progression in multiple cancers. However, their role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains to be determined. In this study, we mainly investigated the expression of tRF‐Pro‐CGG in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and evaluated its relationship with the clinicopathology and survival time of patients.

Methods

37 cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and 15 cases of normal pancreatic tissues were collected which were resected by surgery from January 2017 to June 2020 from the Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic surgery of Changzhou second people's Hospital. The expression of tRF‐Pro‐CGG in paraffin‐embedded tissues was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The clinical data including age, sex, tumor location, tumor diameter, tumor clinical stage (TNM stage), depth of invasion, regional lymph node metastasis, serum CA199, and serum CEA were collected and analyzed retrospectively, whether the expression tRF‐Pro‐CGG was correlation with the pathological parameters and clinical outcomes of patients.

Results

The expression level of tRF‐Pro‐CGG was significantly downregulated in PDAC and associated with an advanced TNM stage (P=0.000) and the N stage (P=0.000) of patients. More importantly, low tRF‐Pro‐CGG expression predicted poor survival in PDAC patients (P=0.003).

Conclusions

TRF‐Pro‐CGG is under‐expressed in PDAC and is associated with short clinical survival and poor prognosis. tRF‐Pro‐CGG is an independent prognostic factor, which highlights its role as a potential biomarker for PDAC progression and therapy.
African American adolescent suicidal ideation and behavior: The role of racism and prevention
Authors: Robinson W. LaVome , Whipple Christopher R. , Jason Leonard A. , Flack Caleb E.
Published: March 2021

Suicide is one of the most devastating, yet preventable, health disparities for African American adolescents. African American adolescent suicidal ideation and behavior may have different manifestations and risk factors relative to those of adolescents from other ethnic backgrounds that impact prevention efforts. For example, in addition to more common manifestations of suicidal ideation and behavior, African American youth may engage in violent or high‐risk behaviors, use more lethal means, or report ideation at lower depression levels. The Adapted‐Coping with Stress Course (A‐CWS), an adaptation of Gregory Clarke and colleagues' Coping with Stress Course, was developed to address the cultural nuances of African American adolescents. The A‐CWS is a 15‐session cognitive‐behavioral, group‐based preventive intervention that aims to enhance adaptive coping skills and reduce suicidal ideation, by incorporating strategies that counter stressors associated with systemic racism that burden African American adolescents. This study evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of the A‐CWS intervention, using a sample of predominantly African American ninth‐grade students. Results indicated that the adolescents were very favorable and receptive to the A‐CWS intervention and that the intervention could be conducted feasibly. The A‐CWS intervention serves as a model to advance culturally‐grounded, evidence‐based preventive intervention, for an underserved sector of adolescents.
Amidation/non‐amidation top‐down analysis of endogenous neuropeptide Y in brain tissue by nano flow liquid chromatography orbitrap Fourier transform mass spectrometry
Authors: Yamagaki Tohru , Kimura Yuka , Yamazaki Takashi
Published: March 2021

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a transmitter molecule in nerve system, and it was an over 4‐kDa large peptide with the C‐terminal end amidation. NPY is biosynthesized through many maturation processes from a large pre‐pro‐peptide with peptide‐cleavages and amidation that is important to study the biosynthesis regulation. Previously, it was reported that cathepsin L participates in the production of NPY and that cathepsin L generates both of amidated and non‐amidated NPYs. However, the non‐amidated NPY (NPY‐COOH) has not been reported in brain tissues until now. In this study, endogenous NPY‐COOH in mouse brain tissue was detected and identified by using nano flow liquid chromatography (nanoLC) orbitrap Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FT‐MS) after the effective purification and separation of NPY‐COOH from NPY‐amide and other peptides using two different gel‐filtration chromatography. Amidated NPY was eluted earlier than non‐amidated NPY‐COOH in the C18 reversed phase nanoLC and the silica‐based gel‐filtration chromatogram with hydrophobic interaction. The amount of endogenous NPY‐COOH was about 0.05% of the matured NPY‐amide amount in adult mouse brain.
Maternal and iatrogenic neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome: Differences and similarities in recognition, management, and consequences
Authors: Isaac Lisa , van den Hoogen Nynke J. , Habib Sharifa , Trang Tuan
Published: March 2021

Opioids are potent analgesics used to manage pain in both young and old, but the increased use in the pregnant population has significant individual and societal implications. Infants dependent on opioids, either through maternal or iatrogenic exposure, undergo neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS), where they may experience withdrawal symptoms ranging from mild to severe. We present a detailed and original review of NOWS caused by maternal opioid exposure (mNOWS) and iatrogenic opioid intake (iNOWS). While these two entities have been assessed entirely separately, recognition and treatment of the clinical manifestations of NOWS overlap. Neonatal risk factors such as age, genetic predisposition, drug type, and clinical factors like type of opioid, cumulative dose of opioid exposure, and disease status affect the incidence of both mNOWS and iNOWS, as well as their severity. Recognition of withdrawal is dependent on clinical assessment of symptoms, and the use of clinical assessment tools designed to determine the need for pharmacotherapy. Treatment of NOWS relies on a combination of non‐pharmacological therapies and pharmacological options. Long‐term consequences of opioids and NOWS continue to generate controversy, with some evidence of anatomic brain changes, but conflicting animal and human clinical evidence of significant cognitive or behavioral impacts on school‐age children. We highlight the current knowledge on clinically relevant recognition, treatment, and consequences of NOWS, and identify new advances in clinical management of the neonate. This review brings a unique clinical perspective and critically analyzes gaps between the clinical problem and our preclinical understanding of NOWS.