bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Measurement Parameters on Frequency Response Analysis Diagnosis of Oil‐Immersed Transformer
Authors: Sano Takahiro , Miyagi Katsunori
Published: October 2013

Appropriate monitoring and maintenance become important as an oil‐immersed transformer ages. Generally, dissolved gas analysis (DGA) is effective for the online diagnosis, and if an abnormality is detected, frequency response analysis (FRA) is effective for the offline diagnosis to localize the failed part. FRA diagnosis detects a slight change of waveforms; however, external factors may influence the results. Here, we discuss the influence of an insulating oil presence, tap position, and measurement lead wire length as possible parameters that influence the FRA characteristics. We confirmed that the measurement parameters examined here greatly influenced the FRA characteristics. In the actual diagnosis, it is important to remove these external parameters as much as possible, and keep a detailed record of the measurement parameters. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 186(1): 18–25, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22313
Effect of Ground Pattern Size on FM‐Band Crosstalk Between Two Parallel Signal Traces of Printed Circuit Boards for Vehicles
Authors: Iida Michihira , Maeno Tsuyoshi , Fujiwara Osamu
Published: October 2013

It is well known that electromagnetic disturbances in vehicle‐mounted radios are mainly caused by conducted noise currents flowing through wiring harnesses from vehicle‐mounted printed circuit boards (PCBs) with common ground patterns containing slits. To suppress the noise current outflow from these kinds of PCBs, we previously measured noise current outflow from simple two‐layer PCBs having two parallel signal traces and different ground patterns with and without slits to reveal that making slits with open ends on the ground patterns in parallel with the traces can reduce the conducted noise currents. In the present study, using FDTD simulation we investigated the reduction effects of ground pattern size on the FM‐band crosstalk noise levels between two parallel signal traces by using four types of simple PCB models having different ground patterns formed in different numbers but containing the same planar dimension slits parallel to the traces, in addition to two types of PCB models with different ground patterns divided into two parts parallel to the traces. It was found that the crosstalk noise currents for the above six types of PCBs decrease by 6.9 to 8.5 dB compared to the PCB which has a plain ground with no slits. We found that a contributing factor to the above‐mentioned crosstalk reduction is reduction of the mutual inductance between the two parallel traces. In addition, in this study it is interesting to note that noise current leakage from PCBs is more significantly reduced when the size of the return ground of each signal trace is small. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 186(1): 11–17, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22316
Decomposition of Persistent Organic Compounds in Water Using Pulsed Discharge on Water
Authors: Miichi Tomoaki , Fujimoto Takafumi , Takeda Takanori
Published: October 2013

Acetic acid simulating a persistent organic compound in water was decomposed by a discharge on water using a thin blade electrode. The thin blade electrode facilitates the generation of wide‐ranging discharges on water. The effect of differences in the species of the supply gas and the discharge power on the decomposition of acetic acid was investigated. Compared with argon, when helium was used, a larger amount of acetic acid was decomposed. Experiments also confirmed that the decomposition rate of acetic acid rose with the discharge power. It was also found that the decomposition efficiency was improved when the discharge power was reduced. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 186(1): 1–10, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22318
Characteristics of the Arc Voltage of a High‐Current Air Arc in a Sealed Chamber
Authors: Watanabe Shinya , Kokura Kentaro , Minoda Kyohei , Sato Shinji
Published: October 2013

The effect of the arc voltage on various factors of design and control was investigated for high currents in order to develop design guidelines for circuit breakers. In this study, the dependence on such factors, namely, the current, arc length, electrode surface area, and internal pressure of the arc voltage, was evaluated quantitatively. As a result of the evaluations, it was estimated that the arc voltage near the electrode surface rises linearly with the arc current and the power −0.8 of the surface area, and that the voltage in the arc column rises as the 0.3 power of the pressure increase. We confirmed the validity of the estimated voltage characteristics by comparison with the generated voltage in an actual arc‐extinction chamber. The characteristics of the estimated voltage can provide effective guidelines for the design of arc extinguishing chambers. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 186(1): 34–42, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22487
An Inverter‐Driven Induction Motor System with a Deadlock Breaking Capability
Authors: Ichikawa Takuto , Yoshida Toshiya , Miyashita Osamu
Published: October 2013

Induction motors are very widely used in various industrial applications. In semiconductor manufacturing processes, deadlock failure of pumps may occur due to adherence of glass material contained in the gas to the rotor. This can lead to shutdown of a manufacturing plant. Therefore, a countermeasure to prevent deadlocking of motors is required. This paper proposes a method of generating an impulse torque in an induction motor fed by an inverter. The proposed inverter circuit is composed of a conventional inverter and a few additional relays. The on‐and‐off control of the relays supplies an appropriate magnetizing current and a large torque current from the DC‐link capacitor. In experiments, a 1.5‐kW cage‐type induction motor generated a torque that was approximately seven times the rated torque of the motor. This large impulse torque is useful for breaking motor deadlock. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 186(1): 51–57, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22492
A fluorous porous polymer monolith photo‐patterned chromatographic column for the separation of a flourous/fluorescently labeled peptide within a microchip
Authors: Xu Zhenpo , Oleschuk Richard D.
Published: October 2013

A fluorous porous polymer stationary phase is photo‐patterned within a glass microfluidic chip to conduct CEC. During free radical‐initiated polymerization, extraneous polymer forms and contributes to excessive microfluidic channel clogging. Nitrobenzene is explored as free radical quencher to limit clogging by minimizing extraneous polymer formation and a number of initiator to quencher ratios are explored with a 0.5:1 quencher (nitrobenzene): initiator (benzoin methyl ether) molar ratio shown to be optimal. The microchip patterned with a fluorous monolith was used to carry out the electrochromatographic analysis of a mixture containing fluorescent and fluorous labeling products. The fluorous monolithic column shows fluorous selectivity for compounds labeled with perfluoromethylene tags and a custom peptide is synthesized that possesses functional groups that can be both fluorescently and fluorously labeled. MALDI MS was used to identify the labeled fragments and microchip based electrochromatography was used to analyze the resulting labeling mixture. This is the first report to our knowledge that uses fluorous porous polymer monolith within a microchip to separate analytes using fluorous–fluorous interactions.
Total Oxidation of Propane by using Platinum‐Group‐Metal Catalysts Recovered from Fuel‐Cell Recycling
Authors: Mollenhauer Thomas , Scholz Peter , Ondruschka Bernd
Published: October 2013

Platinum‐group‐metal materials were recovered from fuel cells and studied as catalysts for the total oxidation of propane as model reaction. Therefore a representative number of metal‐foam catalysts containing platinum, palladium, and ruthenium in certain ratios were prepared and investigated. Interestingly, particularly active catalysts were observed with a high fraction of one metal and small amounts of the other two metals. This suggests a principal trend for preparing efficient catalysts using ternary‐precious‐metal systems. For the recycling of fuel‐cell compounds the composition of the material could be varied by the substitution or addition of appropriate amounts of precious metals to achieve the highest performance.
Identifying Rare Variants With Optimal Depth of Coverage and Cost‐Effective Overlapping Pool Sequencing
Authors: Cao Chang‐Chang , Li Cheng , Huang Zheng , Ma Xin , Sun Xiao
Published: October 2013

Genome‐wide association studies have identified hundreds of genetic variants associated with complex diseases although most variants identified so far explain only a small proportion of heritability, suggesting that rare variants are responsible for missing heritability. Identification of rare variants through large‐scale resequencing becomes increasing important but still prohibitively expensive despite the rapid decline in the sequencing costs. Nevertheless, group testing based overlapping pool sequencing in which pooled rather than individual samples are sequenced will greatly reduces the efforts of sample preparation as well as the costs to screen for rare variants. Here, we proposed an overlapping pool sequencing to screen rare variants with optimal sequencing depth and a corresponding cost model. We formulated a model to compute the optimal depth for sufficient observations of variants in pooled sequencing. Utilizing shifted transversal design algorithm, appropriate parameters for overlapping pool sequencing could be selected to minimize cost and guarantee accuracy. Due to the mixing constraint and high depth for pooled sequencing, results showed that it was more cost‐effective to divide a large population into smaller blocks which were tested using optimized strategies independently. Finally, we conducted an experiment to screen variant carriers with frequency equaled 1%. With simulated pools and publicly available human exome sequencing data, the experiment achieved 99.93% accuracy. Utilizing overlapping pool sequencing, the cost for screening variant carriers with frequency equaled 1% in 200 diploid individuals dropped to at least 66% at which target sequencing region was set to 30 Mb.
The Link Among Information Technology, Business Models, and Strategic Breakthroughs: Examples from Amazon, Dell, and eBay
Authors: Kimble Chris , Bourdon Isabelle
Published: October 2013

It is widely accepted that information technology (IT) plays a central role in creating and maintaining a firm's competitive advantage. When discussions turn to strategic breakthroughs—innovations that are so fundamental that they disrupt the way an existing market operates—however, the role played by IT appears less clear‐cut. The experiences of three well‐known companies—Amazon, Dell, and eBay—show that the way that IT was used to gain a more intimate knowledge of the customer formed a common component of each of their business models. Those companies' experiences also indicate that the task of creating the type of radically different business model needed to create a strategic breakthrough might be easier to achieve in a new organization, unencumbered by the baggage of the past, than it is in an established organization with a preexisting business culture and an established way of doing things. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimizing Total Rewards to Meet a Health Insurer's Strategic and Staffing Needs
Authors: Roberts Darryl R.
Published: October 2013

An American health insurance company faced large‐scale change because of legislative reform that reshaped its industry and the anticipated departure of key leaders approaching retirement. Recognizing that its workforce needed to adapt in order to drive high performance in this new environment, its leaders decided to use Total Rewards Optimization, a rigorous analysis of rewards options based on both employee views and rewards cost. The results of their efforts led to the development of a total rewards strategy to enable the organization to increase employee engagement, innovation, and performance in an increasingly demanding climate, along with a stronger leadership development process to ensure a strong pipeline of leadership talent. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and Characterization of Polybenzoxazinone and its Prepolymer Using Gas Separation
Authors: Pientka Zbyněk , Brozova Libuše , Pulyalina Alexandra Y. , Goikhman Mikhail Y. , Podeshvo Irina V. , Gofman Iosif V. , Saprykina Natalia N. , Polotskaya Galina A.
Published: October 2013

Polybenz‐3,1‐oxazinone‐4 (PBOZ) films are prepared via the thermal rearrangement of poly[(methylene‐bis‐anthranilamide) 4,4′‐diphenyloxidicarboxylic acid] (PAA) films by heating to 300 °C. PAA is synthesized by low‐temperature polycondensation. The PBOZ film exhibits excellent mechanical properties and a high glass‐transition temperature. Conversion of PAA to PBOZ leads to an increase in the fractional free volume as a result of thermal dehydration and cyclization during membrane formation and due to the removal of residual solvent. The excess free volume in the PBOZ film is approximately 3–4% of the total volume. The gas permeability and selectivity of the PBOZ film is higher than that of the PAA film. The thermal rearrangement of polymers is recognized as a suitable method to improve separation efficiency.

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Complexes between Poly(amido amine) Dendrimers and Poly(methacrlyic acid): Insight from Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Tanis I. , Karatasos K. , Posocco P. , Laurini E. , Pricl S.
Published: October 2013

In this work we present results from fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of aqueous solutions of poly(amido amine) dendrimers and poly(methacrylic) acid in the dilute regime and at low ionic strength and physiological pH conditions, in which the polymeric components are charged. We have studied stoichiometric (1:1) and non‐stoichiometric (1:2) systems, comprised by dendrimers of two different generations and two different lengths of the linear polyelectrolyte. For all systems studied, a polymer‐rich and a solvent‐rich region is formed. The polymer‐rich region consists of aggregated complexes between the polymeric components bearing similarities to percolated structures met in physical hydrogels. We examine morphological characteristics of the two components as well as the degree of ionic pairing between the different ionic moieties, providing information regarding the degree of physical adsorption of the linear chains on the dendrimer's surface and that of the respective counterions on the oppositely charged monomers.
Crosslinking of Epoxidized Natural Rubber by Dicarboxylic Acids: An Alternative to Standard Vulcanization
Authors: Pire Myriam , Oikonomou Evdokia K. , Imbernon Lucie , Lorthioir Cédric , Iliopoulos Ilias , Norvez Sophie
Published: October 2013

It is demonstrated that epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) may be efficiently crosslinked by dicarboxylic acids in presence of 1,2‐dimethylimidazole. The activation mechanism of the crosslinking involves the formation of an imidazolium dicarboxylate salt. The formation of ester bridges is ascertained by solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. Due to different epoxidation levels, blends of ENRs can be selectively crosslinked, giving rise to semi‐interpenetrated networks.
Cross‐Linked High Temperature Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Morfopoulou Christina I. , Andreopoulou Aikaterini K. , Kallitsis Joannis K.
Published: October 2013

Aiming at the development of robust and durable aromatic polyethers that can be doped with phosphoric acid and still maintain their mechanical integrity at temperatures higher than 200 °C, we focused on the optimization of the chemical process for oxadiazole (OXD) cross‐linked membranes through cyclodehydration of dihydrazide groups. Aromatic polyethers containing polar pyridine units in the main chain and bearing side carboxylic group have reacted with terephthalic dihydrazide (TDH) resulting initially in a dihydrazide (DHD) containing intermediate cross‐linked membrane which resulted in the final OXD‐ cross‐linked material after thermal treatment. The conversion of the dihydrazide to the 1,3,4‐oxadiazole bridging groups was monitored with FT IR spectroscopy, in order to optimize the cross‐linking conditions, while the obtained DHD and OXD‐ membranes were studied for their chemical, mechanical and thermal properties pointing out the advantages of the OXD‐polymers.
Structure and Dynamics in Hydrophilic Polymer/Layered Silicate Nanocomposites
Authors: Chrissopoulou Kiriaki , Fotiadou Sapfo , Frick Bernhard , Anastasiadis Spiros H.
Published: October 2013

The research efforts on the structure and dynamics of three different nanohybrid systems composed of hydrophilic polymers and layered silicates are summarized. A hydrophilic sodium montmorillonite, Na+‐MMT, is utilized as the inorganic material whereas three different polymers, poly(ethylene oxide), PEO, poly(hexa(ethylene glycol) methacrylate), PHEGMA, and a hyperbranched polyesteramide, Hybrane S 1200, were used in order of increasing complexity. In all cases, intercalated structures have been identified. We used quasi elastic neutron scattering, QENS, to investigate the effect of nanoconfinement on polymer dynamics by studying nanohybrids in which all polymer is confined within the inorganic galleries. The segmental dynamics in confinement are significantly influenced by the polymer‐surface interactions whereas the more local motions remain unaffected.
On the Synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Analytical and Sensor Applications
Authors: Gkementzoglou Chrysoula , Kotrotsiou Olympia , Stoukides Michael , Kiparissides Costas
Published: October 2013

Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via the precipitation polymerization process in a single preparative step. Initially, the effects of process parameters (i.e., type of functional monomer and porogen) on the particle morphology were experimentally investigated. Subsequently, various MIP NPs were synthesized in the presence of a herbicide (i.e., atrazine), acting as template molecule. Batch‐wise guest binding experiments were then performed to determine the rebinding capacity of the synthesized MIP NPs toward the template molecule. The present results demonstrate the potential application of the synthesized MIP NPs for analytical and sensor applications.
Phenolic metabolites of anthocyanins following a dietary intervention study in post‐menopausal women
Authors: de Ferrars Rachel M. , Cassidy Aedín , Curtis Peter , Kay Colin D.
Published: October 2013

Scope

Numerous studies feeding anthocyanin‐rich foods report limited bioavailability of the parent anthocyanins. The present study explores the identity and concentration of the phenolic metabolites of anthocyanins in humans.

Methods and results

Anthocyanin metabolites were quantified in samples collected from a previously conducted 12‐wk elderberry intervention study in healthy post‐menopausal women. Individual 1‐, 2‐ and 3‐h post‐bolus urine samples and pooled plasma samples following acute (single bolus) and chronic (12‐wk supplementation) anthocyanin consumption (500 mg/day) were analysed using HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS. Twenty‐eight anthocyanin metabolites were identified in urine and 21 in plasma (including sulfates of vanillic, protocatechuic and benzoic acid). Phenolic metabolites reached peak concentrations of 1237 nM in plasma, while anthocyanin conjugates only reached concentrations of 34 nM. Similarly, in urine, phenolic metabolites were detected at concentrations of 33 185 ± 2549 nM/mM creatinine, while anthocyanin conjugates reached concentrations of 548 ± 219 nM/mM creatinine. There was no evidence that chronic exposure had any impact on either the profile or quantity of metabolites recovered relative to acute exposure.

Conclusion

An extensive range of phenolic metabolites of anthocyanin was identified following elderberry consumption in humans, including 11 novel metabolites, which were identified at much higher concentrations than their parent compounds.
Evaluation of the mixing performance for one novel twin screw kneader with particle tracking
Authors: Wei J. , Liang X.L. , Chen D.B. , Yang Y.L. , Zhou D.M.
Published: October 2013

In this article, a novel continuous twin‐screw kneader was proposed. The end‐cross section of the screw rotor consists of convex arcs and cycloidal curves and the rotors profiles were presented. The mixing performance of the novel twin screw kneader was simulated using finite element method (FEM) combined with mesh superimposition technique (MST). Statistical analysis was carried out for flow field using particle tracking technique to research the effect of geometry parameters and working parameters on the mixing performance. To study the dispersive mixing performance, specifically the maximum shear rate, maximum shear stress, maximum mixing index, residence time distribution (RTD) and RTD density function of tracer particles, and dispersive mixing is evaluated using the mixing index in combination with the shear stress. The results show that the changes of centre distance between female and male rotor have little influence on dispersive mixing performance, the lead of rotor has little effect on maximum shear stress and maximum shear rate, while it has an obvious effect on mixing index, cumulative RTD, and RTD density function. The rotor speed has obvious influence on mixing performance, and average residence time of material decreases greatly and the mixing ability is weakened, while the self‐cleaning performance of rotor improved obviously with the increasing of rotor speed. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:2407–2419, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Design and Analysis of a Shock Generator
Authors: Liao Chih Yeh , Lee Shyong , Wung Tzong Shyan , Chiu Min Han
Published: October 2013

The purpose of this study is to design a high‐shock acceleration apparatus that can be used in a laboratory, alleviating the need for expensive and complex experiments. The key components of this device include a detonator, dynamite, a shock transmission bar, the housing for the test object, and an accelerometer. The device uses the detonation of the dynamite to generate instantaneous accelerations of up to 105 m s−2, which last for hundreds of microseconds. The acceleration forces over the most significant frequency range of the system were analyzed using the shock response spectrum (SRS) method. The device output provides a test sample of 1 kg with the high‐acceleration shock condition required by the Mil‐Std‐810F shock test specification.
NMR structural analysis of Sleeping Beauty transposase binding to DNA
Authors: Carpentier Claire E. , Schreifels Jeffrey M. , Aronovich Elena L. , Carlson Daniel F. , Hackett Perry B. , Nesmelova Irina V.
Published: October 2013

The Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon is the most widely used DNA transposon in genetic applications and is the only DNA transposon thus far in clinical trials for human gene therapy. In the absence of atomic level structural information, the development of SB transposon relied primarily on the biochemical and genetic homology data. While these studies were successful and have yielded hyperactive transposases, structural information is needed to gain a mechanistic understanding of transposase activity and guides to further improvement. We have initiated a structural study of SB transposase using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Circular Dichroism (CD) spectroscopy to investigate the properties of the DNA‐binding domain of SB transposase in solution. We show that at physiologic salt concentrations, the SB DNA‐binding domain remains mostly unstructured but its N‐terminal PAI subdomain forms a compact, three‐helical structure with a helix‐turn‐helix motif at higher concentrations of NaCl. Furthermore, we show that the full‐length SB DNA‐binding domain associates differently with inner and outer binding sites of the transposon DNA. We also show that the PAI subdomain of SB DNA‐binding domain has a dominant role in transposase's attachment to the inverted terminal repeats of the transposon DNA. Overall, our data validate several earlier predictions and provide new insights on how SB transposase recognizes transposon DNA.
The Impacts of Temporary Labour Migration on Farming Systems of the Loess Plateau, Gansu Province, China
Authors: Li Lihua , Tonts Matthew
Published: October 2013

Across much of rural China, members of farm households spend parts of the year working in cities to generate additional income. This process of temporary labour migration has gathered pace in recent years as rural households capitalise on China's economic expansion and look to improve their own levels of well‐being. Yet, to date, relatively little research has examined the impacts of temporary migration on the structure and performance of farming systems. Accordingly, this paper examines the ways in which temporary migration has resulted in significant changes to the nature of farming on the Loess Plateau in Gansu Province. It draws primarily on a survey of 175 households in three different agroclimatic zones. The analysis indicates that temporary migration is associated with quite complex changes in land use, agricultural production and farm enterprise productivity. Although households involved in temporary migration tend to have higher incomes than non‐migration households, this appears to be at the expense of farm productivity. Indeed, higher levels of migration are closely associated with more extensive, low labour farming practices, suggesting a tendency towards disinvestment in agricultural enterprise. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Raman scattering of multiferroic FePb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 core–shell wire arrays
Authors: Baibarac Mihaela , Sima Marian , Matei Elena , Pasuk Iuliana , Mihut Lucian
Published: October 2013

A new method to fabricate an Fe–PZT core–shell wire arrays developed in three steps is reported in this paper. This involves the electrochemical growth of an iron wire array by template method, deposition by spin coating of the PZT precursor prepared by sol–gel technique on the iron wires surface and annealing treatment to obtain Fe–PZT core–shell structures. The structure of the Fe–PZT core–shell wire array was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman scattering. Raman lines situated at 372 and 575 cm−1 indicate the formation of the FeO particles on the Fe wires surface as a result of the use of an aqueous solution for electrochemical synthesis. An upshift of Raman lines of Fe decorated with FeO wires was observed after formation of Fe–PZT core–shell structure. The annealing treatment of this structure involves a partial transformation of the FeO into Fe2O3 particles both with structure rhombohedral and cubic that were evidenced by Raman lines peaked at 243 and 497 cm−1, respectively.
An analysis of the observed low‐level structure of rapidly intensifying and mature hurricaneEarl(2010)
Authors: Montgomery Michael T. , Zhang Jun A. , Smith Roger K.
Published: October 2013

We examine dynamic and thermodynamic aspects of Atlantic hurricaneEarl(2010) during its intensification and mature phases over four days of intensive measurements. During this period,Earlunderwent an episode of rapid intensification, maturity, secondary eyewall replacement, re‐intensification and the early part of its decline. The observations are used to appraise elements of a new model for tropical‐cyclone intensification.

The results affirm the conventional (vortex interior) and boundary‐layer spin‐up mechanisms that form dynamical elements of the azimuthally averaged view of the new intensification model. The average maximum tangential winds beneath the eyewall are found to exceed the gradient wind by between 20 and 60%. The results suggest also that the gradient wind balance approximation in the low‐level vortex interior above the strong inflow layer may not be as accurate in the inner‐core region of a tropical cyclone during its intensification as has been widely held. An analysis of the low‐level thermodynamic structure affirms the radial increase of moist equivalent potential temperature,θe, with decreasing radius during the intensification process, a necessary ingredient of the new model for maintaining convective instability in the presence of a warming upper troposphere. An unanticipated finding is the discovery of an unmixed boundary layer in terms ofθewithin several hundred kilometres of the vortex centre. In the inner‐core region, this finding is not consistent with the axisymmetric eruption of the boundary layer into the eyewall unless there are non‐conservative (eddy) processes acting to modify the entropy of ascending air.
Disruptive Change
Authors: Macer Tim
Published: October 2013

The new vision of today's research innovators
Redefining Quality
Authors: Salisbury Alice , Braier Simon
Published: October 2013

Bridging the growing gulf between agencies and clients
It's What You Do with Research That Counts
Authors: Liptrot Alastair , Labagnara Paul
Published: October 2013

How to ensure large projects are part of the firm's fabric
Learning with many experts: Model selection and sparsity
Authors: Izbicki Rafael , Stern Rafael Bassi
Published: October 2013

Experts classifying data are often imprecise. Recently, several models have been proposed to train classifiers using the noisy labels generated by these experts. How to choose between these models? In such situations, the true labels are unavailable. Thus, one cannot perform model selection using the standard versions of methods such as empirical risk minimization and cross validation. In order to allow model selection, we present a surrogate loss and provide theoretical guarantees that assure its consistency. Next, we discuss how this loss can be used to tune a penalization which introduces sparsity in the parameters of a traditional class of models. Sparsity provides more parsimonious models and can avoid overfitting. Nevertheless, it has seldom been discussed in the context of noisy labels owing to the difficulty in model selection and, therefore, in choosing tuning parameters. We apply these techniques to several sets of simulated and real data. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining, 2013
Interactions and Chemical Transformations of Coronene Inside and Outside Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Botka Bea , Füstös Melinda E. , Tóháti Hajnalka M. , Németh Katalin , Klupp Gyöngyi , Szekrényes Zsolt , Kocsis Dorina , Utczás Margita , Székely Edit , Váczi Tamás , Tarczay György , Hackl Rudi , Chamberlain Thomas W. , Khlobystov Andrei N. , Kamarás Katalin
Published: October 2013

By exposing flat and curved carbon surfaces to coronene, a variety of van der Waals hybrid heterostructures are prepared, including coronene encapsulated in carbon nanotubes, and coronene and dicoronylene adsorbed on nanotubes or graphite via π–π interactions. The structure of the final product is determined by the temperature of the experiment and the curvature of the carbon surface. While at temperatures below and close to the sublimation point of coronene, nanotubes with suitable diameters are filled with single coronene molecules, at higher temperatures additional dimerization and oligomerization of coronene occurs on the surface of carbon nanotubes. The fact that dicoronylene and possible higher oligomers are formed at lower temperatures than expected for vapor‐phase polymerization indicates the active role of the carbon surface used primarily as template. Removal of adsorbed species from the nanotube surface is of utmost importance for reliable characterization of encapsulated molecules: it is demonstrated that the green fluorescence attributed previously to encapsulated coronene is instead caused by dicoronylene adsorbed on the surface which can be solubilized and removed using surfactants. After removing most of the adsorbed layer, a combination of Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy was employed to follow the transformation dynamics of coronene molecules inside nanotubes.
The Effect of Thermo‐Mechanical Processing Parameters on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Low Carbon, High Strength Steel
Authors: Li Da‐Zhao , Liu Yong‐Chang , Cui Tian‐Xie , Li Jian‐Min , Wang Yu‐Tian , Fu Pei‐Mao
Published: October 2013

High‐strength steel investigation is focused on the production of low carbon microalloying steel, particularly in the enhancement of steel strength through microstructure control, which is an urgent problem nowadays. This paper investigates the effect of various thermal mechanical control processing parameter on the properties and microstructures of Mn–Ti low carbon steels. The steel exhibited yield strength of 920 to 1069 MPa, elongation of approximately 10%, and impact absorbed energy between 16.7 and 45.3 J. At constant coiling temperature, more lath‐shaped carbonless ferrites, retained austenitic films with finer width, and island‐like twin martensites were generated. Strength and yield ratio increased with increase in finishing rolling temperature, but impact absorbed energy and total elongation decreased. When the finishing rolling temperature and coiling temperature were 860 and 220°C, respectively, the steel exhibited the highest strength and yield ratio but the lowest plasticity and toughness. At increased coiling temperature and unchanged finishing rolling temperature, more lath‐shaped ferrites with greater width were generated and gradually changed from carbonless to low‐bainite because of precipitations inside them. The width of the retained austenite increased with increase in coiling temperature. Thus, the strength and yield ratio decreased, but plasticity and impact toughness increased.
Copper‐induced immunotoxicity involves cell cycle arrest and cell death in the liver
Authors: Keswani Tarun , Mitra Soham , Bhattacharyya Arindam
Published: October 2013

Inorganic copper, such as that in drinking water and copper supplements, largely bypasses the liver and enters the free copper pool of the blood directly and that promote immunosuppression. According to our previous in vivo report, we evaluate the details of the apoptotic mechanism in liver, we have investigated how copper regulates apoptotic pathways in liver. We have analyzed different protein expression by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry expression. We have also have measured mitochondrial trans‐membrane potential, Annexin V assay, ROS, and CD4+ and CD8+ population in hepatocyte cells by flow cytometry. Copper‐treated mice evidenced immunotoxicity as indicated by dose‐related, distinct histomorphological changes in liver. Flow cytometric analyses revealed a dose‐related increase in the percentages of hepatocyte cells in the Sub‐G0/G1 state, further confirmed by Annexin V binding assay. In addition, the copper treatments altered the expression of apoptotic markers, further ROS generation and mitochondrial trans‐membrane potential changes promote intrinsic pathway of apoptosis that was p53 independent. Apart from the role of inflammation, our findings also have identified the role of other partially responsible apoptotic molecules p73 that differentially changed due to copper treatment. Our study demonstrates how apoptotic pathways regulate copper‐induced immunosuppression in liver. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 411–421, 2015.
Characterization of the respiration‐induced yeast mitochondrial permeability transition pore
Authors: Bradshaw Patrick C. , Pfeiffer Douglas R.
Published: October 2013

When isolated mitochondria from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae oxidize respiratory substrates in the absence of phosphate and ADP, the yeast mitochondrial unselective channel, also called the yeast permeability transition pore (yPTP), opens in the inner membrane, dissipating the electrochemical gradient. ATP also induces yPTP opening. yPTP opening allows mannitol transport into isolated mitochondria of laboratory yeast strains, but mannitol is not readily permeable through the yPTP in an industrial yeast strain, Yeast Foam. The presence of oligomycin, an inhibitor of ATP synthase, allowed for respiration‐induced mannitol permeability in mitochondria from this strain. Potassium (K+) had varied effects on the respiration‐induced yPTP, depending on the concentration of the respiratory substrate added. At low respiratory substrate concentrations K+ inhibited respiration‐induced yPTP opening, while at high substrate concentrations this effect diminished. However, at the high respiratory substrate concentrations, the presence of K+ partially prevented phosphate inhibition of yPTP opening. Phosphate was found to inhibit respiration‐induced yPTP opening by binding a site on the matrix space side of the inner membrane in addition to its known inhibitory effect of donating protons to the matrix space to prevent the pH change necessary for yPTP opening. The respiration‐induced yPTP was also inhibited by NAD, Mg2+, NH4+ or the oxyanion vanadate polymerized to decavanadate. The results demonstrate similar effectors of the respiration‐induced yPTP as those previously described for the ATP‐induced yPTP and reconcile previous strain‐dependent differences in yPTP solute selectivity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anomalous dimensions and non-gaussianity
Authors: Green Daniel , Lewandowski Matthew , Senatore Leonardo , Silverstein Eva , Zaldarriaga Matias
Published: October 2013

Abstract

We analyze the signatures of inflationary models that are coupled to interacting field theories, a basic class of multifield models also motivated by their role in providing dynamically small scales. Near the squeezed limit of the bispectrum, we find a simple scaling behavior determined by operator dimensions, which are constrained by the appropriate unitarity bounds. Specifically, we analyze two simple and calculable classes of examples: conformal field theories (CFTs), and large-N CFTs deformed by relevant time-dependent double-trace operators. Together these two classes of examples exhibit a wide range of scalings and shapes of the bispectrum, including nearly equilateral, orthogonal and local non-Gaussianity in different regimes. Along the way, we compare and contrast the shape and amplitude with previous results on weakly coupled fields coupled to inflation. This signature provides a precision test for strongly coupled sectors coupled to inflation via irrelevant operators suppressed by a high mass scale up to ~ 103times the inflationary Hubble scale.
Chiral condensate from the twisted mass Dirac operator spectrum
Authors: Cichy Krzysztof , Garcia-Ramos Elena , Jansen Karl
Published: October 2013

Abstract

We present the results of our computation of the dimensionless chiral condensater0Σ1/3withNf= 2 andNf= 2 + 1 + 1 flavours of maximally twisted mass fermions. The condensate is determined from the Dirac operator spectrum, applying the spectral projector method proposed by Giusti and Lüscher. We use 3 lattice spacings and several quark masses at each lattice spacing to perform the chiral and continuum extrapolations. We study the effect of the dynamical strange and charm quarks by comparing our results forNf= 2 andNf= 2 + 1 + 1 dynamical flavours.
Three- and four-point correlators of excited bosonic twist fields
Authors: Anastasopoulos Pascal , Goodsell Mark D. , Richter Robert
Published: October 2013

Abstract

We compute three- and four-point correlation functions containing excited bosonic twist fields. Our results can be used to determine properties, such as lifetimes and production rates, of massive string excitations localised at D-brane intersections, which could be signatures of a low string scale even if the usual string resonances are inaccessible to the LHC.
Long‐term clinical outcome, therapy and mild mitochondrial dysfunction in hyperprolinemia
Authors: van de Ven Steffi , Gardeitchik Thatjana , Kouwenberg Dorus , Kluijtmans Leo , Wevers Ron , Morava Eva
Published: October 2013

Although hyperprolinemia type‐II has a discriminative metabolic phenotype and is frequently associated with neurological system involvement, the casual relation between the metabolic abnormalities and the clinical features, except for those of the secondary B6 deficiency, has been frequently debated. In order to evaluate disease frequency and the neuro‐metabolic outcome we searched our laboratory database between 1992 and 2010, including 20,991 urinary organic acid profiles. From these individuals 16,720 parallel blood samples were available, and were investigated by serum amino acid analysis. We also evaluated the clinical, neurological, psychological features, laboratory data and vitamin levels and therapeutic effect in metabolically confirmed hyperprolinemia. Due to the mitochondrial localization of both ALDH4A1 and PRODH mitochondrial enzyme complex activity was evaluated and oxygen consumption was measured to assess ATP production in patient‐fibroblasts. The Mitochondrial Disease Score was used to evaluate clinical mitochondrial dysfunction. The child behavior checklist was used to screen for psychopathology. We found four patients with increased urinary P5C diagnosed with hyperprolinemia type II, and only one patient had hyperprolinemia type I. All children with hyperprolinemia type II had low normal B6 concentration, and three of the patients had biochemical markers suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial dysfunction was confirmed in a muscle biopsy in one case. Intellectual disability was found in two adolescent patients. All patients showed seizures and significant behavioral problems, including anxiety and hallucinations. The clinical course was non‐progressive and independent from the B6 concentration and B6 therapy. Hyperprolinemia is a rare inborn error. Individuals with hyperprolinemia should be monitored closely due to their frequent behavioral problems.
Sustained antipsychotic effect of metacognitive training in psychosis: A randomized-controlled study
Authors: Favrod J. , Rexhaj S. , Bardy S. , Ferrari P. , Hayoz C. , Moritz S. , Conus P. , Bonsack C.
Published: October 2013

Persistent psychotic symptoms represent a major challenge for psychiatric care. Basic research has shown that psychotic symptoms are associated with cognitive biases. Metacognitive training (MCT) aims at helping patients to become aware of these biases and to improve problem-solving. Fifty-two participants fulfilling diagnostic criteria of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders and persistent delusions and stabilized antipsychotic medication were enrolled in this study. Following baseline assessment patients were randomized either to treatment as usual (TAU) conditions or TAU + MCT. The intervention consisted of eight weekly 1-hour sessions (maximum: 8 hours). Participants were assessed at 8 weeks and 6-months later by blind assessors. Participants were assessed with the Psychotic Symptoms Rating Scales (PSYRATS) and the positive subscale of the PANSS. Between-group differences in post- and pre-test values were significant at a medium effect size in favor of the MCT for the PSYRATS delusion scale and the positive scale of the PANSS both at post and follow-up. The results of this study indicate that MCT training has a surplus antipsychotic effect for patients suffering from schizophrenia-related disorders who demonstrate only a partial response to antipsychotic treatment and that the effect of the intervention persists for at least 6 months after the intervention.
Destination Social Business: Exploring an Organization's Journey with Social Media, Collaborative Community and Expressive Individuality
Authors: Weinberg Bruce D. , de Ruyter Ko , Dellarocas Chrysanthos , Buck Michael , Keeling Debbie Isobel
Published: October 2013

This paper delineates the main characteristics of the evolution of the organization as a social business in response to the socially networked marketplace. We advance the notion that the modern day firm is increasingly organized as a community according to the principle of collaboration. The main message is that the prominence of organizational structure is not redundant but needs to be complemented by collaborative community in response to market demands. In order to fulfill this complementary role, the concept of organization is profoundly changing. Based on recent theorizing, we review the role of collaborative community as a key characteristic of social business, provide an overview of its principles, show how social media can effectively facilitate and support collaborative community, and introduce the concept of expressive individuality. We provide illustrative examples that feature Dell. We conclude by identifying an agenda for further academic inquiry, and by specifying a large number of issues that researchers may address.
Fuzzy set theoretic applications in poverty research
Authors: Neff Daniel
Published: October 2013

The logic of fuzzy sets derived from the mathematical theory developed by Zadeh (1965) has not only influenced the development of fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fs/QCA), but has also found entry into poverty research. The aim of this paper is to point the reader to these parallel developments. Poverty researchers necessarily have to make two methodological choices which are always contestable: the identification of a poverty line or threshold, the identification problem, and the choice of a unit of analysis as well as of a measure, the aggregation problem. Current theoretical and practical contributions to poverty research have pointed to the vagueness of the concept itself and the complexity of its measurement and have made use of fuzzy set logic to address these challenges. As shall be argued, fuzzy set theory provides a solution or at least a less arbitrary way forward to address these problems and is particularly suitable for the analysis of multidimensional poverty. Using unique household level data from two villages of Andhra Pradesh, India from 2007, the paper provides an illustrative example of what steps to take to derive a multidimensional poverty index based on fuzzy set theory and discusses the distinct advantages such a procedure offers for policy analysis and evaluation purposes.
A fuzzy set ideal-type approach to measuring the competition state
Authors: Horsfall Daniel
Published: October 2013

Contemporary empirical explorations of the welfare state have paid much attention to its multidimensional nature, noting that nations blend differing approaches to the various dimensions of the welfare state. Sometimes such behaviours can even be contradictory with behaviour in one policy arena perhaps being typically liberal in contrast to the corporatist roots of other behaviours. In much the same way those who argue that the welfare state has changed so substantially as to warrant redefining offer nuanced and multidimensional accounts of what has replaced the welfare state. In this paper we see how nations engage with the competition state as the successor to the welfare state and are presented with data that suggests countries, while engaging with the competition state model, are doing so in their own ways.