bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of different pH of 3.5% NaCl solution on steel under zero charge corrosion protection technique
Authors: Wardan Rajaselan , Shamsudin Shaiful Rizam , Sampasivam Thivyasai , Wahid Mohd Fitri Mohamad , Yati Mohd Subhi Din
Published: November 2021

The study is carried out to understand the new corrosion protection technique, non-polarization concept, using current/voltage pulses to achieve a potential of zero charges (Epzc) of the metal-solution interface. As a result, a cost-saving and ecological method has been proposed as a new anti-corrosion method. In the methodology, U-bend samples are immersed in a 3.5% NaCl solution with different pH values. The readings prove the occurrence of electrochemical reaction, absence of charges, and the effect of Epzc. An examination on the ZCCP on low-carbon steel in 3.5% NaCl solution was analyze for 120 hours days. This study is carried out to understand the concept of corrosion behaviour and a new corrosion protection technique which applies non-polarization concept. A U-bend mild steel is used to corrosion effect in various pH values under zero charge protection. Samples were then immersed in 3.5% NaCl solution with different pH values. Electrochemical behaviour of steel sample in 3.5% NaCl solution was analysed by means of Tafel extrapolation. It was found that Ecorr and icorr recorded dissimilar readings at different pH values. As Ecorr rises, icorr drops from pH 6 to pH 9, hence corrosion rate also decreases from pH 6 to pH 9. Zero charge corrosion protection (ZCCP) technique is used to study the efficiency of corrosion protection method in different pH values. Readings of alternating current (IAC) and direct voltage (VDC) are recorded throughout the ZCCP experiment. These readings prove the occurrence of electrochemical reaction, absence of charges and the effect of Epzc.
Different Setup of Capacitive Coupling Protection System on Mild Steel
Authors: Ahmad Wan Mohd Haqqi Wan , Salleh Siti Hawa Mohamed , Shamsudin Shaiful Rizam , wardan Rajaselan , Yati Mohd Subhi Din , Gunasilan Mahalaksmi
Published: November 2021

A Capacitive Coupling Corrosion Protection (CCCP) technology based on coupler pads was investigated. The layout of the coupler pads on the mild steel surface was studied to get the best outdoor corrosion protection. A square wave of current/voltage is supplied to the steel surface for 72 hours via a copper coupler pad in three arrangements, i.e., single, double-sided, and opposite configurations. The efficiency of the CCCP configuration was assessed by measuring electrical current consumption, weight loss, and post-experimental surface morphology observations. It is found that the current consumption of 600 μA/cm2 in the double-sided configuration is practically stable. The lowest weight loss and clean surface morphology also prove that the double-sided configuration can improve the corrosion protection of mild steel. It was discovered that by employing more coupling pads on both sides of the metal sheet, the excessive positive charge capable of producing oxidation of mild steel could be easily discharged.
Microstructure and Phase Investigation of Sn-58Bi-xCu Lead-Free Solder After Immersion in Sodium Chloride Solution
Authors: Samsudin Rabiatul Adawiyah , Wong Wei Yee , Nazeri Muhammad Firdaus Mohd , Singh Pramod K , Othman Rosli , Masri Mohamad Najmi
Published: November 2021

The changes in microstructure and phase of tin-bismuth-copper (Sn-58Bi-xCu) were investigated after immersion in 3.5 wt. % sodium chloride (NaCl) at variations of Cu micro-alloying at 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 and 1.25 wt. %. The morphological observation revealed that the long crystal grains of the Cu-rich phase were produced as the amount of Cu increased. The phase analysis shows that at 0.5 wt. % Cu additions, the intermetallic compound od Cu6Sn5 began to form and dominate the microstructure. After immersion in NaCl, a porous structure was seen covering the surface of the ternary solder, indicating the formation of a defective corrosion protection layer. The predominance of Cu6Sn5 is believed to boost the galvanic corrosion coupling potential of the ternary solder. As a result, the more electrochemically reactive phase was pushed to be eliminated during immersion in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. Thus the black spots were formed. The presence of Cu6Sn5 was seen to be detrimental to the electrochemical performance of Sn-58Bi-xCu.
Compatible organic and natural solvent mixture of synthesising biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles
Authors: Othman R. , Mun G.K. , Sinnathamby N. , Gopinanth S. C. B. , Ekanem E.
Published: November 2021

The Flory-Huggins model interaction explained the compatibility and extent of polymer dissolution in selected solvent mixtures via Hansen Solubility Parameters (HSP). Metastable zone where nucleation of NPs would start was determined by the solvent mixture – polymer – water interaction. Simulation results explained that the combination of acetone-chloroform (0.20:0.80) was better than acetone-ethyl lactate (0.40:0.60) for PCL solvation while ethyl lactate-dimethyl sulfoxide (0.60:0.40) was better for PLA solvation as compared to ethyl lactate-acetone (0.80:0.20). Nanoprecipitation with aqueous to organic volume ratio of 10 was used to prepare the biodegradable PCL nanoparticles for experimental validation. The organic phase was 1 g L−1 PCL in solvents or solvent mixtures and the antisolvent was deionized (DI) water. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) were used to examine the morphology and size of nanoparticles formed. Results showed that the acetone-chloroform with volume fraction of 0.20 to 0.80 was the best solvent mixture for PCL in producing NPs with the mean size less than 100 nm. Solvent mixture proved by numerical simulation and experimental validation, able to enhance the affinity of polymer (PCL or PLA) for water to produce nanoparticles with much smaller size.
Modelling Teachers’ Perceptions Towards Science Technology Engineering Mathematics (STEM) among Secondary School in Kota Bharu
Authors: Sobri Norafefah Mohamad , Ramli Wan Khairiyah Hulaina Wan , Razak Nor Fatihah Abd , Ismail Idari , Rosdi Mohamad Hafiz Asyraf Mohammad , Shupian Muhammad Hazwan Hariz Mohd , Hamdan Harith Farhan
Published: November 2021

In an era of Education 5.0 where technology is advancing, Science Technology Engineering Mathematics education (STEM) is one of the important aspects. Teachers play an important role to support students in developing better awareness towards the importance of STEM education. Unfortunately, recent statistics show that there is a lack of students’ participation in choosing STEM education. Therefore, the aim of the study is to determine the teacher’s perception on factors which might influence students’ lack of interest towards Science Technology Engineering Mathematics (STEM) in secondary schools located in Kota Bharu. There are several factors that affect students’ interest in STEM education which are attitude, management policy, learning method and gender of students. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 290 secondary school teachers in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. A combination of stratified sampling and cluster sampling technique was applied to collect data. Pearson Correlation and Multiple Linear Regression revealed that management policy and learning methods were significantly associated with teachers’ perception. Findings from this study indicated that it may be effective to increase the students’ interest towards STEM education by improving the management policies and learning method.
Supervised and Unsupervised Data Mining Techniques on Employability of Public Higher Learning Institute Graduates in Malaysia
Authors: Pauzi Wan Nurul Dalilah Wan , Hasan Haliza , Mahmud Zamalia
Published: November 2021

It is the students’ dream to secure a job right after graduation. However, there are factors that hinder their employability. This study aims to predict Malaysian graduates’ employment status based on employability factors and to profile the graduates’ satisfaction towards their curricular activities and information and communications technology (ICT) skills. A total of 375,507 student records were obtained based on tracer studies conducted by the Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education between 2015 and 2018. Due to the large amount of data with various categories, supervised and unsupervised data mining techniques were used to unmask the underlying variables and reveal hidden information about graduates’ employability for better tracing the employment status of graduates. Various types of consolidation techniques were also used to reduce the number of levels for categorical inputs in the dataset, namely, classifiers without consolidation, with manual consolidation, and with tree consolidation. Three types of data mining variable selections were used to improve the performance of the classifiers in predicting employment status. The results show that logistic regression (LR) without variable selection is the best classifier for data without consolidation, while LR using variable selection with LR stepwise is the best classifier for data with manual and tree consolidations. In profiling the satisfaction of graduates, K-Means Clustering was used, which revealed seven clusters. The most prominent cluster consisted of graduates who were highly satisfied with their ICT skills but less satisfied with their curricular activities. These data mining techniques were able to trace graduates’ employment status and identify the success factors of graduates’ employability.
Role of Clustering Method in Items Delivery Optimization
Authors: Yudhanegara Mokhammad Ridwan , Indratno Sapto Wahyu , Sari Kurnia Novita
Published: November 2021

In the process of items delivery, the map of the destination locations is represented as a network. The network is used to facilitate vehicles for items delivery. This paper provides an overview of the importance of the clustering method in items delivery optimization. The simulation compares the minimum distance between items delivery using the clustering method and the classic method. The results show that optimization using the clustering method has the total minimum distance.
Numerical solution of a Gamma - integral equation using a higher order composite Newton-Cotes formulas
Authors: Nzokem Aubain H
Published: November 2021

The paper aims at solving a complex equation with Gamma - integral. The solution is the infected size (p) at equilibrium. The approaches are both numerical and analytical methods. As a numerical method, the higher-order composite Newton-Cotes formula is developed and implemented. The results show that the infected size (p) increases along with the shape parameter (k). But the increase has two phases: an increasing rate phase and a decreasing rate phase; both phases can be explained by the instantaneous death rate characteristics of the Gamma distribution hazard function. As an analytical method, the Extreme Value Theory consolidates the numerical solutions of the infected size (p) when k ≥ 1 and provides a solution limit (

p
=
1
−

1

2
R

) as k goes to +∞.
SIR Mathematical Model of Convalescent Plasma Transfusion Applied to the COVID-19 Pandemic Data in Indonesia to Control the Spread of the Disease
Authors: Husniah Hennie , Ruhanda  , Supriatna Asep Kuswandi
Published: November 2021

In this paper we develop a mathematical model of disease transmission dynamics. Although some vaccines for some infectious diseases are available, there are some cases where handling new emerging infectious diseases, such as COVID-19 pandemic, is still a difficult problem to handle. Preventive actions, such as wearing masks, distance guarding, frequent hand washing, and others are still the most important interventions in handling the transmission of this disease. Recently, several countries have allowed the use of convalescent plasma transfusion (CPT) in the management of moderate and severe COVID-19 patients. Several early studies of this use have yielded prospective results with reduced mortality rates. A recent work also shows that using a simple discrete mathematical model of CPT could reduce the outbreak of disease transmission, in the sense of reducing the peak number of active cases and the length of the outbreak itself. In this paper, we use a continuous SIR model applied to COVID-19 pandemic data in Indonesia to address an important question whether convalescent plasma transfusion may reduce the transmission of the disease.
Shifted Genocchi Polynomials Operational Matrix for Solving Fractional Order Stiff System
Authors: Isah Abdulnasir , Phang Chang
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we solve the fractional order stiff system using shifted Genocchi polynomials operational matrix. Different than the well known Genocchi polynomials, we shift the interval from [0, 1] to [1, 2] and name it as shifted Genocchi polynomials. Using the nice properties of shifted Genocchi polynomials which inherit from classical Genocchi polynomials, the shifted Genocchi polynomials operational matrix of fractional derivative will be derived. Collocation scheme are used together with the operational matrix to solve some fractional order stiff system. From the numerical examples, it is obvious that only few terms of shifted Genocchi polynomials is sufficient to obtain result in high accuracy.
A Comparative Analysis on Algebraic Questions in Chinese and Indonesian textbook
Authors: Huang Yuxian , Zhou Ying , Wijaya Tommy Tanu , Kuang Kai , Zhao Mingli
Published: November 2021

Textbook has a significant impact on students’ mathematical ability. This research aims to analyse algebraic questions in Chinese and Indonesian junior high school textbooks. This research was done at Guangxi Normal University, China from November to December 2020. The textbook analysis was done using a quantitative method on three aspects, which were presentation, context, and type of answer. Other aspects considered were proportional of algebra chapter in the textbook and how questions were presented. Chinese textbooks gave more contextual questions but there were a lot more of open-ended questions in the Indonesian textbook. From this research, we can conclude that both Indonesian and Chinese textbooks have their own advantages that can be adopted in both countries. Future research can talk about how class activity and teacher teaching method can affect students’ mathematical ability on algebra.
Optimization of a CZT photon counting detector for contaminant detection
Authors: Nguyen J. , Rodesch P.-A. , Richtsmeier D. , Iniewski K. , Bazalova-Carter M.
Published: November 2021

In the food industry, X-ray inspection systems are utilized
to ensure packaged food is free from physical contaminants to
maintain a high level of food safety for consumers. However, one of
the challenges in the food industry is detecting small, low-density
contaminants from packaged food. Cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) photon
counting detectors (PCDs) can potentially alleviate this problem
given its multi-energy bin capabilities, high spatial resolution and
ability to eliminate electronic noise, which is superior to the
conventional energy integrating detector (EID). However, the image
quality from a CZT PCD can be further improved by applying an
optimized energy bin weighting scheme that maximizes energy bin
images that provide the largest image contrast and lowest image
noise. Therefore, in this work, five contaminant materials embedded
in an acrylic phantom were imaged using a CZT PCD while the phantom
was in constant motion to mimic food products moving on a conveyor
belt. Energy bin optimization was performed by applying an
image-based weighting scheme and these results showed
contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) improvements ranging between
1.02–1.91 relative to an equivalent EID acquisition.
Salience of multisensory feedback regulates behavioral variability
Authors: Comertler Muhammed Seyda , Uyanik Ismail
Published: November 2021

Many animal behaviors are robust to dramatic variations in morphophysiological features, both across and within individuals. The control strategies that animals use to achieve such robust behavioral performances are not known. Recent evidence suggests that animals rely on sensory feedback rather than precise tuning of neural controllers for robust control. Here we examine the structure of sensory feedback, including multisensory feedback, for robust control of animal behavior. We re-examined two recent datasets of refuge tracking responses of Eigenmannia virescens, a species of weakly electric fish. Eigenmannia rely on both the visual and electrosensory cues to track the position of a moving refuge. The datasets include experiments that varied the strength of visual and electrosensory signals. Our analyses show that increasing the salience (perceptibility) of visual or electrosensory signals resulted in more robust and precise behavioral responses. Further, we find that robust performance was enhanced by multisensory integration of simultaneous visual and electrosensory cues. These findings suggest that engineers may achieve better system performance by improving the salience of multisensory feedback rather than solely focusing on precisely tuned controllers.
The kapok petal: superhydrophobic surface induced by microscale trichomes
Authors: Chen Junchi , Yu Shudong , Fu Ting , Xu Liang , Tang Yong , Li Zongtao
Published: November 2021

For the first time it is reported that the kapok petal shows a superhydrophobic characteristic with a static water contact angle higher than 150°. Intriguingly, there exist single-scale micro-trichomes and no more nanocrystals on a kapok petal in contrast to most natural superhydrophobic surfaces with hierarchical morphologies, such as the lotus leaf and rose petal. Experimental results show that the kapok petal has an excellent self-cleaning ability either in air or oil. Further scanning electron microscopy characterization demonstrates that the superhydrophobic state is induced by densely distributed microscale trichomes with an average diameter of 10.2 μm and a high aspect ratio of 17.5. A mechanical model is built to illustrate that the trichomes reentrant curvature should be a key factor to inducing the superhydrophobic state of the kapok petal. To support the proposed mechanism, gold-wire trichomes with a reentrant curvature are fabricated and the results show that a superhydrophobic state can be induced by the microstructures with a reentrant curvature surface. Taking the scalability and cost-efficiency of microstructure fabrication into account, we believe the biomimetic structures inspired by the superhydrophobic kapok petal can find numerous applications that require a superhydrophobic state.
Functionalized self-assembled peptide RAD/Dentonin hydrogel scaffold promotes dental pulp regeneration
Authors: Liu Yijuan , Fan Lina , Lin Xuemei , Zou Luning , Li Yaoyao , Ge Xinting , Fu Weihao , Zhang Zonghao , Xiao Kuancheng , Lv Hongbing
Published: November 2021

RADA16-I is an ion-complementary self-assembled peptide with a regular folded secondary conformation and can be assembled into an ordered nanostructure. Dentonin is an extracellular matrix phosphate glycoprotein functional peptide motif-containing RGD and SGDG motifs. In this experiment, we propose to combine RAD and Dentonin to form a functionalized self-assembled peptide RAD/Dentonin hydrogel scaffold. Furthermore, we expect that the RAD with the addition of functional motif Dentonin can promote pulp regeneration. The study analyzed the physicochemical properties of RAD/Dentonin through circular dichroism, morphology scanning, and rheology. Besides, we examined the scaffold’s biocompatibility by immunofluorescent staining, CCK-8 method, Live/Dead fluorescent staining, and 3D reconstruction. Finally, we applied ALP activity assay, RT-qPCR, and Alizarin red S staining to detect the effect of RAD/Dentonin on the odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). The results showed that RAD/Dentonin spontaneously assembles into a hydrogel with a β-sheet-based nanofiber network structure. In vitro, RAD/Dentonin has superior biocompatibility and enhances adhesive proliferation, migration, odontogenic differentiation, and mineralization deposition of hDPSCs. In conclusion, the novel self-assembled peptide RAD/Dentonin is a new scaffold material suitable for cell culture and has promising applications as a scaffold for endodontic tissue engineering.
What do we mean, ‘tipping cascade’?
Authors: Klose Ann Kristin , Wunderling Nico , Winkelmann Ricarda , Donges Jonathan F
Published: November 2021

Based on suggested interactions of potential tipping elements in the Earth’s climate and in ecological systems, tipping cascades as possible dynamics are increasingly discussed and studied. The activation of such tipping cascades would impose a considerable risk for human societies and biosphere integrity. However, there are ambiguities in the description of tipping cascades within the literature so far. Here we illustrate how different patterns of multiple tipping dynamics emerge from a very simple coupling of two previously studied idealized tipping elements. In particular, we distinguish between a two phase cascade, a domino cascade and a joint cascade. A mitigation of an unfolding two phase cascade may be possible and common early warning indicators are sensitive to upcoming critical transitions to a certain degree. In contrast, a domino cascade may hardly be stopped once initiated and critical slowing down-based indicators fail to indicate tipping of the following element. These different potentials for intervention and anticipation across the distinct patterns of multiple tipping dynamics should be seen as a call to be more precise in future analyses of cascading dynamics arising from tipping element interactions in the Earth system.
Performance and emission characteristics of biogas-bio diesel fuelled RCCI engine at various butanol-gasoline injection timings
Authors: Bhuvanashankar P , Bindu S B , Feroskhan Mohammed Musthafa , Nova Hamsadhwan B , Krishna Ganesh V , Amarnath M , Gobinath N
Published: November 2021

Energy, a basic need of human life, has been playing significant role behind many technological developments. Most of the world’s commercial energy requirements are fulfilled by using fossil fuels. Combustion of fossil fuels releases toxic gases which in further turns as a source of pollution for the environment, globally. The present research work focused on minimizing the emissions that emerges during combustion in an IC engine through Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) mode. The performance and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder CI engine are analyzed with 3 different fuels; biodiesel, butanol-gasoline (1:4 ratio), and biogas. The operational loads taken for the present study falls in the range from 5 N-m to 20 N-m at the engine speed of 1800 RPM. The influence of biogas on the emission characteristics is exclusively carried out with two different flow rates; 12lpm and 16lpm. The injection timings for butanol-gasoline blend are varied from 0 to 8ms. Fuel properties such as Viscosity, Vapor pressure, Density, Cloud point, Pour point, and Flashpoint are estimated. Engine parameters such as Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE), Volumetric Efficiency (VE), HC, CO, NOx and smoke emissions, Peak pressure, Heat Release Rate (HRR), Ignition Delay, are analyzed. It is observed from the experiments that increasing injection time of pilot fuel - increases the HC and CO emissions; reduces the NOx emissions; decreases the smoke level with increase in biogas flow rate; and decreases the BTE, VE, and HRR
Development of a Flame Shield for use in Domestic Gas Stoves
Authors: Srinivasan Naveen Raj , Venkateshwaran Akash , Akash Menon S , Chamala Vaishnavi J , Srajaysikhar D , Janardhan Reddy K
Published: November 2021

Gas stove is one of the most common and basic domestic appliances found in any home in the subcontinent. It is the foremost article used for cooking at home, and thus necessitates interaction with it by the users in a significant way. Despite the advent of more advanced devices like the microwave oven or the induction cooktop, a traditional gas stove reigns supreme in the lives of homemakers. Therefore, an endeavor was undertaken to design a product that would improve the usage and performance of a gas stove, by way of alleviating the general problems faced by users in its operation. Design thinking strategies had been followed throughout the stages of the product development, beginning with a customer survey to understand the desirable needs, followed by translating them into tangible target specifications for the product to achieve, and finally using the ideation techniques to develop the concepts into feasible product. The morphological method of concept generation yielded possible concepts aimed towards a solution, which were evaluated by following the analysis techniques of Forced Decision (FD) and Decision Alternative Ratio Evaluation (DARE). The filtered concept was then subjected to product architecture design, where it was given an efficient physical form by using the Computer Aided Design (CAD) software SolidWorks, and lastly, the parametric design result was evaluated by means of various Design For Excellence (DFX) guidelines. The product turned out to be an appendage to the existing stove, that would shield the flame and provide efficient operation along with enhanced safety and ease of use, as validated by DFX principles and a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study to gauge its performance in relation to that of a standalone gas stove. This paper comprises of expositions of all the aforementioned processes as carried out, along with the final result, and pertinent analyses.
Performance and emission characteristics of dual fuel engine using biodiesels
Authors: Kumar Nikhil Muthu , Bhavsar Harsh , Sakthivel G , Feroskhan Mohammed Musthafa , Karunamurthy K
Published: November 2021

The introduction of the strict emissions norms is diverting the research for the development of new technologies which leads to the reduction of engine exhaust emissions. The usage of biodiesel in CI engine can enhance air quality index and protects the environment. Biodiesel can do an increment in the life of CI engines because it is clean-burning and a stable fuel when compared to diesel. Moreover, biogas has the potential to decrease both nitrogen oxides and smoke emissions simultaneously. Operating the engine in dual-fuel mode can provide lower emissions and a proper substitute for diesel. In this research, a modified CI Engine with single cylinder is used. Biogas is used as primary fuel and diesel, Mahua oil-diesel blend and Fish oil-diesel blend are used as secondary fuel. The effect of various secondary fuel blends on performance and emission characteristics in dual fuel engine are compared. In light of the performance and emission qualities it is reasoned that, utilization of the dual fuel mode in engine signifies the durability and lessens the harmful emissions from the engine with the exception of hydrocarbon and CO emissions. The excessive viscosity of fish oil and mahua oil prompts inconvenience in siphoning and spray attributes. The incompetent mixing of raw fish oil and raw mahua oil with diesel and biogas including air leads to incomplete combustion.
Design and fabrication of multi-functional equipment to produce gaseous nitrogen/oxygen and water from ambient air
Authors: Chatterjee Debdutta , Karunamurthy Krishnasamy , Aditya Nimmagadda Sree Nigam , Dalal Deepak
Published: November 2021

Mother earth provides all the necessary resources for the existence of life. Despite the rich resources of water on our planet, majority of world’s total population experiences water shortage annually. Studies have shown that with the increase of global warming, the average humidity of ambient air is rising annually. Due to the decrease of water table on land, alternative sources of acquiring potable water can be of great utility. Out of the several methods available to tap potable water, this paper aims to achieve an alternate source of receiving fresh water directly from ambient air. This process is completely different from distillation. The ambient air also comprises a majority of Nitrogen, and this N2 is used for the purpose of creating an inert environment in packaging industries and for the purpose of extinguishing fire, a multi-functional equipment has been fabricated in order to extract water, along with pure Nitrogen gas from the residual dry air. A Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) system is used to separate the Nitrogen from remaining air molecules based on their relative molecular size. In the current industrial sectors, the valves required to actuate the flow of air in PSA system are controlled by PLC circuits and Cam followers. These electro-mechanical components are overpriced. In this work electronic timers are used to actuate the valve timing, which resulted in economical. The system fabricated is simple in construction and it is easy to replace the Carbon Molecular Sieves (CMS) with Zeolite Molecular Sieves in order to obtain Oxygen gas as the pure product that can be used to help Covid-19 patients using medical grade filters. The system can be scaled up with larger mass of CMS, bigger PSA towers and greater compressor power in order to increase productivity.
Computational analysis of mixture(LPG/Air) formation and performancein a dual fuel diesel engine
Authors: Thomas Renald C J , Somasundaram P , Yuvaraj S , Karthikeyan K
Published: November 2021

This paper focuseson the use of CFD in advancing the LPG/air blend development of a dual fueled IC engine (Diesel and LPG). LPG is introduced through a secondary gas tube to the intake duct of the engine, keeping up 45° point to the flow direction. The variations in the stream boundaries change the output of the engine. Thus there is apossibility for gas tube design to position it and to get an optimized performance. From the previous literatures, CFD tool can be utilized to streamline the gas flow boundaries to improve execution. Familiar programming has been utilized to tackle this issue and approved with trial results. The outcomes show that the streamlined flow boundaries by FLUENT demonstrate 3% improvement in performance of the engine and 11% decrease in NOx emission.
Analytical Investigation on non-linear dynamic analysis of reinforced concrete building subjected to blast loading
Authors: Prashanthi R. , Elavenil S.
Published: November 2021

The blast explosion causes catastrophic failure of structure both externally and internally. In this work the analytical investigation is carried out on the blast performance of the reinforced concrete building frame. Reinforced concrete building connection is vital in the Moment Resistant Frames (MRF) and they play a vital role under constant blast load. It is important to design the building for blast loading since they are subjected to large displacements. The non-linear dynamic behavior of the building by time history analysis method is performed by using SAP2000 finite element stimulation software. Blast load is idealized as the triangular pulse for single degree of freedom system and the effect of the blast load at a different standoff distances on the building element is examined. The analytical method could predict the overall flexural, non-linear shear behavior and ductile response of the building at different modes. The results of the stimulations for various failure conditions such as maximum displacement, maximum base shear and spectral acceleration as per IS 1893-2016 for non-linear dynamic responses are investigated in this study.
Transient Thermal Analysis of a Hybrid Energy Harvester
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Varun , Manian Swetha S , Karen A , Niranjan H , Venugopal T , Feroskhan M
Published: November 2021

The seasonal nature of solar panels and windmills has been a major challenge towards realizing sustainable energy. Over the years, several attempts have been made to perfect a device capable of harnessing the energy of wind and rain, titled as triboelectric and piezoelectric nano generators. Although such technologies yield promising results, a superior energy device can be achieved by addition of solar cells to wind and rain energy harvesting devices. Hybrid Nano generators are expected to be the future of commercially sustainable energy generation which are used to simultaneously harvest wind, rain, and solar energy. Though a substantial amount of work has been done with regard to such energy harvesting modules, studies that test their environmental capabilities are limited. In this study, a hybridized power panel comprising of dual-mode triboelectric nano generator and a solar cell have been tested under majorly solar, majorly windy, majorly rainy, and normal tropical conditions. Average temperature attained by the panel in such conditions have been studied through a transient thermal analysis done using Ansys Fluent. The results obtained are used to calculate thermal strain in the panel for different cases. The proposed model is an innovative way to make use of energy.
Self-Powered Supercapacitor for Low Power Wearable device Applications
Authors: Bharathi Sankar Ammaiyappan A. , Ramalingam Seyezhai
Published: November 2021

Piezoelectric generators can be used strong vibrations convert to electrical power, it can be stored and utilized in low power devices such as radio frequency identification tags (RFIDs), wireless, global position system (GPS) and sensors. Since most low power devices are wireless, it is important that they have their own independent power. Traditionally, electrical energy comes from heavy lead acid and lithium ion batteries, which contain chemicals that are not environmental friendly. More importantly, lead acid and lithium ion batteries have an average lifespan of 500–1000 cycles, compared to carbon-based supercapacitors (10 lakhs cycle). With the introduction of a wide range of portable, wearable electronics devices and health monitoring equipment. Piezoelectric power harvesting equipment is one of the most applications of portable electronic power supply. Supercapacitors are promising electrochemical energy storage devices which possessing very high power density, rapid charge, and discharge rates with a long lifecycle. Supercapacitors hold high power density as compared to dielectric capacitors and hence supercapacitors are extensively utilized for powering several portable electronic devices. Supercapacitors explore a wide range of applications as they can deliver a high power within a very short period. In this paper describes various supercapacitor powered potential applications in various sectors like flexible, portable, wearable electronics, implantable healthcare and biomedical sensor, etc.
Optimization Technique Inspired Load Frequency Controller for Multi Area Power System with Renewable Energy Source
Authors: Saranyaa J Shri , Peer Fathima A , Mishra Asutosh , Ghosh Rushali , Das Shalmali
Published: November 2021

Modern day scenario has an increasing power demand due to the growing development which indeed increases the load on the generation which might cause turbulence in the system and may bounce out of stability. The governor itself can’t handle such frequent load changes and adjust the generation amount to keep the frequency between the margins. This paper proposes an approach towards such predicament to incorporate an optimization method in order to ensure stability of the system despite the drastic changes in demand. Load frequency control is a control method for maintaining the frequency of the system during the change in demand. Use of controllers has proven to be effective in controlling the frequency deviations in the power systems and the response of the controller is further improved using optimization technique for better stability. The PID controller tuned by Particle Swarm Optimization is employed in multi-area system which reduces the time response by a considerable amount and the deviation settles much quicker despite the rapid load changes. The proposed controller is executed further for renewable energy sources connected to the individual areas and demonstration proves that the optimized controller is efficient enough in handling the frequency deviations when wind and solar with sunlight penetration is incorporated.
Design analysis and Work load characteristics of a Micro data Center
Authors: Renugadevi T , Hari Prasanth D , Yaswanth Appili , Muthukumar K , Venkatesan M
Published: November 2021

Data centers are large-scale data storage and processing systems. It is made up of a number of servers that must be capable of handling large amount of data. As a result, data centers generate a significant quantity of heat, which must be cooled and kept at an optimal temperature to avoid overheating. To address this problem, thermal analysis of the data center is carried out using numerical methods. The CFD model consists of a micro data center, where conjugate heat transfer effects are studied. A micro data center consists of servers aligned with air gaps alternatively and cooling air is passed between the air gaps to remove heat. In the present work, the design of data center rack is made in such a way that the cold air is in close proximity to servers. The temperature and airflow in the data center are estimated using the model. The air gap is optimally designed for the cooling unit. Temperature distribution of various load configurations is studied. The objective of the study is to find a favorable loading configuration of the micro data center for various loads and effectiveness of distribution of load among the servers.
Numerical Analysis of Fire Water Storage Tank under Seismic Loading
Authors: Nishanth R , Kishok Rai D , Sharma Hemkar , Kingston Rivington , Jebaseelan Davidson , Michael Christo
Published: November 2021

Maintenance and continuously monitoring the condition of above ground storage tanks are significant when the tanks are placed in service. The American Petroleum Institution (API) 653 and other international codes provides the minimum requirements for inspection & maintaining the integrity of tanks during its service. The tank settlement is one of the major threats for tank’s integrity. In this paper, a storage tank is assessed for uniform settlement under various loading condition such as seismic, dead load, static load, corrosion loss of shell plate etc. In the present study, a finite element model is designed with uniform settlement condition and study of its governing hoop stress at shell plate has been carried out under different loading conditions. A fire water storage tank (constructed with IS 2060 GR. B material) and different seismic zones in India are taken for this study. The finite element analysis simulation shows that increase of hoop stress in the bottom shell course due to uniform settlement, the decrease in plate thickness and with different seismic active regions. Moreover, the maximum stresses have been observed at shell bottom course (close to bottom plate).
EVALUATION OF THE RANS TURBULENCE MODEL PREDICTIVE CAPABILITY OF FLAT PLATE FILM COOLING
Authors: Ferdaus F , Raghukiran N
Published: November 2021

The two-equation turbulence models used for the present study are the commonly used standard k-ॉ model and k-ω model. In order to achieve this target, numerical simulation was initiated in Ansys Fluent to simulate a flow over a flat test surface with a diameter of 4mm straight, circular film cooling hole at angled injections of 25°, 30°, 35°and 40°. The comparison between the numerical calculations and the theoretical results showed the standard k-ω turbulence model gave better predictions against those with the standard k-ω turbulence models. The ability of k-ω model in closely predicting the cooling behavior is due to the precise modeling of the lateral spreading of the film. The isotropic two-equation turbulence models exhibited a huge dissent. The results also indicated that increasing the mass flow rates in the mainstream channels reduces the temperature distribution along the stream-wise direction.
Vane induced two phase flow mixing
Authors: Sowndarya K , Monica S , Abhisheka M S , Pradikshan A K , Venkatesan M
Published: November 2021

Micromixers are used for mixing of multiphase fluids in microchannels. Passive micromixers help in mixing of fluids by having a designed periphery in their structure. In the current study, a Y micro-channel section of 25 mm length with an inlet diameter of 2 mm is considered. Vane shaped micromixers are placed inside the channel to mix fluids of two different concentrations. The vanes are positioned at specific places inside the channel to enhance mixing in the stratified flow stream. The presence of vanes during the flow induces mixing of the stratified fluids without requiring additional components. The study is carried out using COMSOL Multiphysics. The mixing index increases with increase in the number of vanes and no considerable change in velocity is observed downstream of the last vane. Further, when the thickness of the vane is increased, it is found that the mixing index also increases.
Numerical study of a double inlet chamber counter flow vortex tube with insulation
Authors: Singh Ravi Kant , Kumar Pramanick Achintya , Chandra Rana Subhas
Published: November 2021

The present study intends to improve the performance of the Ranque-Hilsch counter flow vortex tube, analysed using computational fluid dynamics. In the axisymmetric 3-D, steady-state, compressible, and turbulent flow vortex tube, the air has been used as the working fluid. The ANSYS17.1 FLUENT software has been used with the standard º-ε turbulent model for different mass fraction of cold fluid and inlet pressure in the numerical simulation and validated with the experimental results. It is observed from the study that as the inlet chambers number increases from 1 to 2, there is a decrease of 7.8 % in the cold exit temperature of the vortex tube. However, insulating the double chamber vortex tube leads to a further reduction of 4.2% in the cold exit temperature. Therefore, it indicates that the overall decline in the cold exit temperature from one chamber non-insulated vortex tube to double chamber insulated vortex tube is 9.6%. In terms of cold exit temperature, it can be concluded that using a double inlet chamber vortex tube with insulation yields the optimum results.
CFD analysis of the fluid motion in the isolation rooms
Authors: Tamil Selvan P , Abhiram K , Anu Raghava Ch , Naveen Sai V
Published: November 2021

COVID-19 is declared as a pandemic by WHO (world health organization) which has led to many deaths all over the world. This study deals with the fluid motion in the isolation rooms with 12 or more ACH (air changes per hour) and maintaining a minimum pressure difference of 2.5 Pascal that can help in reducing the transmission of the virus from affected people. ANSI/ASHRAE guidelines are considered for the analysis. These Isolation rooms help in eradicating the spread of the contaminated particles to the surroundings by creating a pressure less than the atmospheric pressure in in the room. CFD simulations are carried to study the fluid motion of the particles emitted by the patient inside the room. The Analysis is carried out with various human cough velocities of different particle diameters and we observed from the results that the time taken by the particles to reach the exhaust increases with increase in particle diameter, and the flow inside the room increases with increase in human cough velocity.
CFD analysis on the influence of angle of attack on vertical axis wind turbine aerodynamics
Authors: Srivastava Prateek , Kansal Sachin , Talwalkar Ashish , Harish R
Published: November 2021

The Angle of Attack (AOA) in a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) plays an important role in determining the forces and the power generated by the wind turbine. It is difficult to find the suitable AOA due to the complex and constantly changing wind flow patterns. In this paper, we have performed CFD simulations using Ansys Fluent software, based on the constantly changing AOA. The CFD simulations were conducted by selecting a suitable range of AOA and the velocity of the wind. The selected range of AOA varied from 5 degrees to 25 degrees with increments of 5 degrees and the range of the air velocities varied from 7m/s to 21m/s with increments of 7m/s. The tests were also performed using the X-Foil software. The results obtained from the CFD simulations, done by using the Ansys Fluent Software and from the X-Foil software, were then compared to give a more accurate and optimized AOA and velocity value. This optimization of the AOA could enhance the overall performance of the Vertical Axis Wind turbine.
Comparative analysis on heat transfer of various fin profile using solid works: A systematic review
Authors: Madhavadas Vaishnav , Das Dibyarup , Mohta Kaustubh Anand , Senthur Prabu S.
Published: November 2021

Fins are widely used to enhance the amount of heat transfer by improving the rate of convection heat transfer. Fins are also known as extended surfaces, i.e., extrusions from the object surface. There are numerous kinds of fins, and based on the shape and size, the amount of heat transfer through the fins will differ. Heat transfer depends upon the geometry of the fin and depends upon a number of factors such as the nature of the fin surface, the ambient temperature; the velocity of the air, etc. In this present study, the systematic review is carried out by critically analyzing the different types of fin profile such as plain rectangular fin, wavy fin, circular pin fin, and rectangular pin fin to increase the fins efficiency. The outcome from this study reveals that the heat transferred by the fins is mainly dependent on the fins profile (type and shape), length, angle, and surface area. Alongside the orientation of the fins, porosity, thermo-geometry also affects the fins’ efficiency.
Numerical simulation on the effects of Ambient velocity and Temperature on solar panel efficiency
Authors: Ackshaya Varshini K S , Rajan H , Sankararaman Rithika
Published: November 2021

In desert regions like Thar located in India, the efficiency and capacity of solar panels is affected by many natural factors like wind velocity, surrounding temperature, dust, humidity etc. The main aim of this research is to find the temperature rise observed in solar panels due to surrounding temperature and wind velocity in the Thar Desert. A solar panel model is constructed for this research. The panel is simulated under three different velocities, 2.23m/s, 6.17m/s and 10.10m/s that are prominently observed in different months of a year in the Thar Desert. The surrounding temperatures considered for the simulation are 22.22°C, 30°C and 45°C respectively. Analysis results are obtained using Ansys simulation software. Based on the result, the ambient temperature and wind velocity can be determined to obtain best efficiency of the solar panel constructed in the Thar Desert.
Battery thermal management system using nano enhanced phase change materials
Authors: Ashwin Ramanathan Y , Anuradha G , Rajan Harish , Lakshmi Sriman R
Published: November 2021

Electric vehicles are being developed as a crucial tool in the fight against global warming and car pollution. As a result, battery heat management is critical for optimal operation in all climates in electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Extreme or higher temperatures may cause the battery’s maximum voltage to drop and its durability to deteriorate. An effective battery cooling system is required for the safe operation of electric vehicles throughout their lifecycle. The current work involves the simulation of a battery thermal management system that employs nano-enhanced phase change materials (NEPCM). Ansys Fluent is used to conduct the numerical analysis. To test the thermal performance, paraffin wax is used as the base fluid, into which various combinations of nanoparticles such as Copper Oxide, Copper, and Multi Walled Carbon Tube (MWCNT) are disseminated. The parametric study is carried out by altering the battery temperature and nanoparticle volume fraction. The findings show that at large particle volume fractions, the battery system’s heat transmission properties are greatly improved. The findings of this study will aid in the identification of optimal NEPCMs with increased thermal performance.