bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Curonian linguistic elements in Livonian
Authors: Vaba Lembit
Published: July 2014

Researchers of Finnic languages have stressed the special position of Livonian among its close relatives due to the great number of Latvian loan elements. The Latvian influence is noteworthy and present in all levels of the language. Baltic influence on Livonian is, however, more diverse both linguistically and chronologically. Livonians, especially Courland Livonians have been in contact with Curonians – their close neighbours – for a longer period of time. This is because Livonian has preserved a number of linguistic elements from Old Curonian – a language that belonged to the Baltic language group. The nature of Curonian and its position among other Baltic language has been – and still is – a matter of dispute. In the article, the possible Curonian elements in various levels of Livonian are presented and analysed.Kokkuvõte. Lembit Vaba: Kura keele aines liivi keeles. Läänemeresoome keelte uurijad on rõhutanud liivi keele eriasendit võrreldes teiste läänemeresoome keeltega rohkete läti laenelementide tõttu. Läti keele mõju liivi keelele on tõepoolest ulatuslik, ilmnedes kõigil keeletasanditel. Siiski balti mõju liivi keelele on lingvistiliselt ja ajaliselt mitmekihiline. Liivlastel, eriti Kuramaa liivlastel on pikka aega olnud kontakte kurelaste ehk kuršidega, kes olid nende vahetud naabrid. Seetõttu on liivi keel säilitanud mitmeid keelelisi elemente kunagisest kura keelest, mis kuulus balti keelte hulka. Kura keele olemus ja koht teiste balti keelte hulgas on olnud ja on üha vaidlusteema. Selles artiklis tuuakse esile ja analüüsitakse võimalikku kura keele ainest liivi keele eri tasanditel.Märksõnad: substraat, adstraat, keelekontaktid, läänemeresoome keeled, liivi keel, balti keeled, kura keelKubbõvõttõks. Lembit Vaba: Kuršõd kīel ain līvõ kīels. Vāldamiersūomõ kīeld tuņšlijid ātõ pāinatõn ku līvõ kīel um īžki munt vāldamiersūomõ kīeld siegās, sīepierāst ku līvõ kīels um pǟgiņ leţkīelst perīņ elementidi. Leţkīel mȯjjimi līvõ kīel pǟlõ um tuodpūolst laigāli, se um nägţõb amši kīel tazāpīndis. Baltõd mȯjjimi līvõ kīel pǟlõ um nei kīel ku āiga pūolstõ setkȭrdali. Līvliztõn, īžkiz Kurāmō līvliztõn um kōgiņ aigõ vȯnd kubbõpūtimiži mōkurāliztõks agā kuršõdõks, kis vȯļtõ nänt kāimad. Sīepierāst um līvõ kīelsõ īend pǟgiņ kīel elementidi jedlõmist kurā kīelst, mis kūliz baltõd kīeld sieggõ. Kurā kēļ ja sīe kūož munt baltõd kīeld siegās um īdõkabāl vȯnd iļrõkūd temāt. Sīes kēras sōb vaņţõltõd kurā kīel võibizt ainõ līvõ kīel īžkis tazāpīndis.
Loanword strata in Livonian
Authors: Winkler Eberhard
Published: July 2014

The article deals with loanword strata in Livonian. The first part of the article compares loanword strata in Courland Livonian to those of Salaca Livonian with regard to source language (Middle Low German, Latvian, High German, and Russian) and parts of speech. The second part of the article examines semantic fields in Salaca Livonian in which the influence of Latvian is particularly strong or weak. Finally, historical conclusions are drawn based on the data presented.Kokkuvõte. Eberhard Winkler: Liivi keele laensõnakihid. Artikkel käsitleb liivi keele laensõnakihte. Esimeses osas võrreldakse Kuramaa ja Salatsi liivi keele laensõnakihte, pidades silmas laenuandjat keelt (keskalamsaksa, läti, ülemsaksa ja vene), seejärel analüüsitakse laensõnu sõnaliigiti. Teises osas vaadeldakse salatsiliivi sõnavara semantilisi välju, milles läti keele mõju avaldub eriti tugevalt või piiratult. Lõpuks esitatakse keeleajaloolisi järeldusi.Märksõnad: liivi keele, laensõnakihid, läti laensõnade semantilised väljadKubbõvõttõks. Eberhard Winkler: Līvõ kīel līensõnād kȭrdad. Kēra tuņšlõb līensõnād kȭrdidi. Ežmis jagsõ ītlõb Kurāmǭ līvõ kīel ja Salāts līvõ kīel līensõnād kȭrdidi līenāndajiz kīel pierrõ (sidāmizalāmsaksā, lețkīel, iļīzsaksā, krīevõ kēļ) ja sīetagān līensõnād sõnāvīțiņ. Tuois jagsõ vaņţlõb Salāts līvõ kīel sõnāvīļa semantiliži nūrmidi, kus lețkīel mȯj um vȯnd īžkiz kangti agā suorndõd. Lopāndõksõks tīeb pierāldõkši iļ kīelistōrij.
Livonian language texts in the Estonian Literary Museum 175th or Oskar Loorits fund
Authors: Blumberga Renāte
Published: July 2014

The article considers written Livonian language sources located in the Estonian Cultural History Archives of the Estonian Literary Museum and which linguists can use in their studies. The most extensive collection of Livonian language sources – around 1200 pages of unpublished texts – are located in the Oskar Loorits 175th fund. Estonian folklore researcher Oskar Loorits (1900–1961) visited Livonians for scientific purposes several times in the 1920s and 1930s and helped Livonians in their cultural efforts as well. Since most of his communication with Livonians consisted of letters, Loorits’ archive is a valuable information source not only about Livonian social and cultural life, but also about the Livonian language. There are lots of original Livonian poems and translations into Livonian in the 175th fund, too.Kokkuvõte. Renāte Blumberga: Liivi keele tekstid Eesti Kirjandusmuuseumi 175. ehk Oskar Looritsa fondis. Artikkel käsitleb Eesti Kirjandusmuuseumi kultuuriloolises arhiivis talletatud liivi keele kirjalikke allikaid, mida keeleteadlased saavad kasutada oma uurimustes. Kõige suurem liivi keeleallikate kogu, mis sisaldab umbes 1200 lehekülge publitseerimata tekste, on 175. ehk Oskar Looritsa fond. Eesti rahvaluuleuurija Oskar Loorits (1900–1961) külastas liivlasi mitmeid kordi teaduslikel eesmärkidel 1920. ja 1930. aastatel ning aitas samuti liivlasi nende kultuurilistes ettevõtmistes. Kuna tema suhtlemine liivlastega toimus ikkagi põhiliselt kirja teel, on Oskar Looritsa arhiiv väärtuslik infoallikas mitte ainult liivi ühiskondliku ja kultuurielu kohta, vaid ka liivi keele uurimiseks. Selles 175. fondis on ka rohkelt algupärast liivi luulet ja tõlkeid liivi keelde.Märksõnad: liivi keel, liivi murded, liivi keele kirjalikud allikad, liivi kirjanduse ajalugu, liivi kultuuriajalugu, Eesti arhiividKubbõvõttõks. Renāte Blumberga: Līvõ kīel tekstõd Ēsti Literatūrmuzēj 175. agā Oskar Loorits fondõs. Kēra um iļ līvõ kīel kēratõd ovātõd, mis ātõ Ēsti Literatrmuzējsõ kultūristōrij arhīvõs ja midā kēļnikād sōbõd kȭlbatõ eņtš tuņšlõkšis. Amā sūŗimi līvõ kīelovātõd kub, kus ātõ immõr 1200 līedpūoldõ ulzandõmõt tekstidi, um 175. fond agā Oskar Loorits fond. Ēsti folklōr tuņšliji Oskar Loorits (1900–1961) kei līvlizt jūsõ tieudlizt võttõkstõks setmiņ kõrdõ 1920. ja 1930. āigastis ja äbțiz ka līvliztõn nänt kultūrtīesõ. Ku Oskar Loorits kubbõpūtimi līvliztõks vȯļ pǟažālistõz kērakouţi, sīesõt um Oskar Loorits arhīv vǟrtli tīetovāt äb set iļ līvõ ītkub ja kultūr, bet ka līvõ kīel tuņšlimiz pierāst. Sīes 175. fonds um ka pǟgiņ irgizt līvõ lūolõ ja tulkõmidi līvõ kīelõ.
Dundaga parish oronyms (hill names) of Livonian origin in Juris Plāķis’ Latvian toponym publication
Authors: Bušs Ojārs
Published: July 2014

Each less known addition to the collection of authentic Livonian language materials is very valuable, and a small contribution can also be made by Juris Plāķis’ publication about Latvian, i.e., Courland toponyms, among which Livonian ones can be found as well. This collection includes toponyms collected by J. Plāķis himself, toponyms from Augusts Bīlenšteins’ onomastic materials, as well as toponyms which have been sent in to the Folklore depository by pupils from different parishes. This article goes through oronyms (hill names).Kokkuvõte. Ojārs Bušs: Dundaga kihelkonna liivi päritoluga oronüümid (mäenimed) Juris Plāķise läti toponüümide väljaandes. Iga väikegi lisandus liivi keeleainestiku autentsesse kogusse on väärtuslik. Pisut lisa võib saada ka Juris Plāķise koostatud läti kohanimede väljaandest, nimelt Kuramaa toponüümidest, mille hulgas on ka liivi omi. See kogu sisaldab kohanimesid, mis on kogutud J. Plāķise enda poolt, aga samuti August Bīlenšteini onomastilisi materjale ning toponüüme, mida on eri kihelkondade õpilased saatnud Läti rahvaluule arhiivi. See artikkel käsitleb oronüüme (mäenimesid).Märksõnad: liivi keel, läti keel, oronüümid, toponüümid, onomastika, murdedKubbõvõttõks. Ojārs Bušs: Dūoņig pagāst līvõpierrizt oronīmõd (mägūd nimūd) Juris Plāķis lețkīel kūožnimūd ulzandõksõs. Jegā piški jūrõāndam līvõ kīel sõnāvīļa kubbõn um tǟdzi. Rōz jūrõ võib sōdõ ka Juris Plāķis kubbõ pandõd lețkīel kūožnimūd ulzandõksõst, īžkist Kurāmō kūožnimīst, kus siegās ātõ ka līvõkēļizt. Sīes kubs ātõ nei J. Plāķis eņtš kuoŗdõd kūožnimūd, ku ka toponīmd August Bīlenštein onomastika materiālišt, mis setmiņ kilgõnd skūollapst ātõ sōtõnd Lețmō folklōr arhīvõn. Se kēra nīžõb iļ oronīmd (mägūd nimūd).
STOCK MARKET FLUCTUATIONS SIMULATION WITHIN LOWLY VOLATILE AND HIGHLY VOLATILE PERIODS
Authors: Kirillov Kirill Valeryevich
Published: July 2014

The simulation of stock price fluctuations is analyzed. The statistical criteria application allows drawing the conclusion on the investigated models’ validity. Alongside with well-known Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Anderson-Darling criteria, comparatively new Christoffersen and Berkowitz criteria are used to assess interval predictions. Berkowitz criterion is particularly effective when used to assess extreme price leaps within highly volatile periods, since it gives good results also for a small number of observations. It is shown that the customarily used time-series models with normal distribution and with Student distribution are applicable exclusively during relatively stable periods. Under the unstable conditions at the financial markets, models by means of which it is possible to describe a high probability of great price leaps are required. The time-series model with the heavy tailed distribution is studied. The recommendations on the portfolio management under the crisis time are provided on the basis of the performed calculations.
INVESTIGATION OF THE ROLE OF LIME UNDER SLAGGING AND INERT-GAS SECONDARY STEEL REFINING
Authors: Bakhayev Denis Anatolyevich , Kochetov Alexander Ivanovich , Kem Alexander Yuryevich , Ansimov Alexey Alexandrovich
Published: July 2014

It is shown that the creation of such technologies is caused by the necessity of making standard high-quality steel in composition and temperature. The secondary steel refining provides these conditions and, consequently, the efficient operation of the steel continuous casting plants. The commercially proven experimental results on the lime consumption effect on the slagging processes in the electric arc furnaces and on the further secondary refining in the ‘ladle-furnace’ units are presented. A flow chart of the complex processing “Electric Arc Furnace → Secondary Refining → Steel Continuous Casting Plant” is offered. It eliminates the increase of the slag oxidation degree under bottom blowing, aluminum loss in the bucket, and the increase of the oxygen concentration in the liquid steel. The proposed technology solutions to optimize the lime flow, slag adjustment, and to regulate the steel ladle stirring regime have permitted to raise the basic technical and economic indicators of the steelmaking at Oskolsky electrometallurgical works.
GENERALIZED ALGORITHM OF COMBINE PROCESS ADJUSTMENT BASED ON FUZZY KNOWLEDGE MODELS
Authors: Dimitrov Valery Petrovich , Borisova Lyudmila Victorovna
Published: July 2014

The problem of creating the mechanism of an expert system fuzzy inference meant for decision-making on the combine process adjustment is considered. The fuzzy inference algorithm is based on the domain models of ‘prior configuration’ and ‘process adjustment’. Fuzzification, composition, and defuzzification are general stages of the problem solution. The problem-solving mechanism is based on the deductive scheme (for the prior configuration problem), and on the inductive one (for the process adjustment problem). The specific feature of the proposed problem-solving algorithm is the hypothesis testing of emerging combining process non-conformances under the machine parameter variations. In this case, the validity of the exception condition generation when an additional breakdown in the technological process occurs is checked. The developed fuzzy inference algorithm and the domain model based on the fuzzy expert knowledge permit to approach considerably the solution to the decision-making automation problem under the combine process adjustment in the field environment.
ON MINIMAL INDUCTION OF THYRISTOR DRIVE SMOOTHING THROTTLE UNDER CONVERTER EDGE OPERATING CONDITIONS
Authors: Karnaukhov Nikolay Fedorovich , Martynov Vladimir Vasilyevich , Statovoy Dmitry Alexandrovich
Published: July 2014

The smoothing throttle operations in the DC-motor circuit of a thyristor drive are studied. The main mathematical and graphic dependences of the smoothing throttle Lс inductance modification on the control angle, and on the number of the thyristor converter (TC) phases are given. The situation of the technological machine (TM) executing mechanism (EM) low conveying speed and of the armature pulsating current zone (PCZ) reduction is considered. In this case, it is reasonable to determine the minimal induction value of the smoothing throttle (Lс) at the boundary control angle αboun equal to 50—60 electric degrees for the increase in the mechanical characteristic rigidity of the DC motor. Then, the throttle magnetic conductor condition is defined by the branches of the specific limit asymmetric hysteresis cycle characterizing the electromagnetic processes in the magnetic conductor under the influence of the unipolar current pulses. Thus, the efficiency of the throttle core usage is defined through the incremental induction, i.e. through the difference in the residual induction B(0) levels, and the magnetic conductor material saturation induction. The airgap injection (δ) stabilizes the core equivalent magnetic capacity which can be broken by heating the throttle magnetic conductor with the armature current, by the environmental temperature fluctuations, and by the operation conditions of the thyristor drive. At the minimum inductance Lc of a smoothing throttle (for a boundary angle αboun), effects of the stabilizing factors of the core equivalent magnetic capacity (with airgap δ) decrease, PCZ is excluded. This permits to reduce electric losses in the power contour of the TC — DC-motor system, and also to form the required rigidity of the DC-motor mechanical characteristics, and the TM EM movement steadiness in the anchor low rotation frequency zones.
FEATURES OF ENERGY BALANCE UNDER GRAIN GRAVITATION OUTFLOW FROM SIDE-OPENING GRAIN-TANK
Authors: Kunakov Victor Stefanovich , Savenkov Dmitry Nikolayevich , Timolyanov Konstantin Andreyevich
Published: July 2014

The minimum cut height at which a stable grain (wheat) outflow starts is calculated. The energy balance of the system is analyzed. The specific work done by the viscous and skin-friction forces under the grain outflow from the hopper is eventually defined. The dependence of this work on both the transported layer height and the outlet opening height is specified. The grain outflow velocity at various bottom tilt angles and the outlet height are determined experimentally. Besides, the specific work done by the friction forces under grain moving along the end sidewalls and the hopper bottom is calculated. The energy needed to destroy roofs at various bottom tilt angles is found. The obtained results could be used in bulk side-feeding mechanisms.
MANIPULATION OF INTERCOURSE ELEMENTS AS A WAY TO OPTIMIZE THE PRAGMA-SEMANTIC FIELD OF MODERN BUSINESS ENGLISH COMMUNICATION: FUNCTIONAL-SYNERGETIC ASPECT
Authors: Khramchenko Dmitry Sergeyevich
Published: July 2014

The detailed functional-synergetic analysis of interdiscourse elements in the pragma-semantic system of the Business English discourse is considered. These elements catalyze self-organizing processes and generate new spontaneous functional qualities. Analysis of examples taken from both oral and written Business English situations proves that when semantic fields and structural peculiarities of Business English overlap with those of other types of the institutional communication, the pragma-semantic system is optimized, the communicative purpose is achieved easier despite the chaos at earlier stages of the system development, and the text acquires semantic versatility as a result of the interaction intensification between the discourse and the recipients’ consciousness which functions as a non-linear external environment. Manipulating the parameters of the functional system and conditioning constructive chaos increase the pragmatic potential of the business English rhetoric.
Optimization of disturbed landscapes of Kabardino-Balkaria Republic
Authors: Панков  , Pankov Yakov
Published: July 2014

Based on the studies, the character of natural afforestation of key fields in KBR is determined depending on various environmental factors, species composition is studied and a range of tree species is proposed, the basic directions of biological recultivation of disturbed lands of the region are developed. Under the natural way to recovery of disturbed lands, it should be helped in the form of constant monitoring of the condition of forest plantations, not assumptions of illegal logging and conduct their reconstruction.
Effect of thinning on growth and commodity structure of mixed stands of pine and spruce of wood-sorrel family type forests
Authors: Данилов  , Danilov Dmitriy , Беляева  , Beliaeva Nataliia , Ковалев  , Kovalev Nikolay
Published: July 2014

The problems of joint cultivation of pine and fir, as well as the choice of the optimal composition of the target woods are examined. Collection of material for analysis of the commodity structure and forest indices of plantings was conducted in the summer of 2013 in Lisinsky teaching experimental forestry of Leningrad region in maturing stands of mixed conifer forest of sorrel type passed by thinning with intensity of 10 to 30 % in homogeneous soil conditions. Temporary sample plots measuring 0.25 hectares were laid by conventional forestry techniques considering OСT 56-69-83. Accounting of trees and calculation of the commodity structure of forest stands was conducted by conventional taxational methods.
Prospects for the introduction of exotic species in the range of private gardens, green spaces of Bratsk
Authors: Рунова  , Runova E. , Гнаткович  , Gnatkovich Pavel
Published: July 2014

The possibility of expanding the range of urban green space through the use of exotic species of wood is considered. Due to the lack of specialized institutions dealing with introductory test, it is proposed to use the experience of the introduction of trees and shrubs of private gardens for their subsequent use in green building of Bratsk. Phytopathologic and sanitary evaluation of plantations of private gardens is held, average morphometric parameters, age, life forms and eco-geographical groups of exotic species are defined. Integral evaluation successful introduction was conducted and classes of promising studied plants are defined.
Modeling of optimization calculations to establish the structure and volume of processing enterprises of the Republic of Komi
Authors: Бурмистрова  , Burmistrova Olga , Сушков  , Sushkov Sergey , Пильник  , Pilnik Yuliya
Published: July 2014

The justification of the integrated optimal utilization of wood resources of the Republic of Komi is made. The conditions of wood raw material resource allocation at prevailing consumers and possible reorganized processing industries are considered. Criteria for optimization of existing production facilities in the region and establishing new industries are considered. Established criteria of optimization and formalized conditions of distribution of forest resources allow you to present a mathematical model of optimization calculations to establish the structure and volume of processing industries, taking into account the limitations of eight.
Effect of cutting width on the optimum size of bars and boards when cutting sawlogs with sawing three bars of equal thickness and four pairs of side boards
Authors: Агапов  , Agapov Aleksandr
Published: July 2014

There is a task of cutting optimization of sawlogs considering the width of cut. Output of sawn timber produced after the first pass of cutting sawlogs is chosen as optimality criterion. The objective function is represented as the sum of the cross-section of bars and planks. Such a mathematical model of the objective function establishes a relationship between size of bars and planks. Constraint equations represent the relationship of sawlogs diameter with the size of bars and boards, as well as the width of the cut. To solve the mathematical model the method of Lagrange multipliers is used.
History of Baroque Furniture
Authors: Гарин  , Garin V. , Чернышев  , Chernyshev Aleksandr , Разиньков  , Razinkov Egor
Published: July 2014

The Baroque style is the result of the further evolution of the style of the Renaissance. It began to take its forms from the end of XVI century. Baroque developed in European countries during the first half of the XVII and XVIII century. Germany, Austria and England, which had only some features of this style in the middle of XVII century, occupy a special place. The architecture of Italy Baroque began to take shape in the second half of the XVI century, and the formation of its features was largely due to the work of Michelangelo. Baroque style left its mark not only on the architecture of buildings, but also on the interior of the rooms, furniture design.
Economic, forestry and technical aspects of the total biomass of the tree
Authors: Бурмистрова  , Burmistrova Olga , Сушков  , Sushkov Sergey , Пильник  , Pilnik Yuliya
Published: July 2014

A model of production and transportation task, with the inclusion of conditional vendor is given. The most difficult task is assessing the value of individual components of the forest and produced in the process of its processing products, as the range of manufactured products is extremely large and may be replaced by products from other production areas. The problem of optimal use of wood waste and reduce of transport costs on their importation from other regions of the country is considered.
Innovative designs of wood products plating in jointless gluing
Authors: Разиньков  , Razinkov Egor , Чернышев  , Chernyshev Aleksandr , Ковешникова  , Koveshnikova N.
Published: July 2014

The paper discusses the features of design and technology of finger joints in the manufacture of frame-paneled platings of doors and furniture fronts. At the design stage we solve two problems: a) the choice of shapes and sizes of studs and grooves according to GOST R 9330, b) calculation of probabilistic values of the maximum deviations of landings with interference by GOST 6449. It was proposed to abandon the finger joints, restrict ourselves to assembly in tongue and groove, so with conjugation in counterprofiles groove is milled on the ends the horizontal bars after pre-pruning to eliminate chipping and tongue - on inner shared edge of vertical bars.
Influence of geometrical parameters of the universal tillage equipment on its efficiency
Authors: Попов  , Popov I.
Published: July 2014

The task of optimization of geometrical parameters of the universal tillage equipment (UTE) is got to improve its performance. The solution to this problem is based on an analytical approximation of the results of simulation and analysis of optimization sheets. Based on the previously developed mathematical model of the functioning of UTE a series of computer experiments was conducted, during which the angle of convergence of discs was changed from –30 to 30 º C in steps of 10 º, and the length of the drive piece (the distance from the axis of the shaft of gear unit to the geometric center of the disc) from 0.4 to 0.7 m in steps of 0.1 m.
Modernization of milling brush cutter
Authors: Малюков  , Malyukov Sergey , Аксенов  , Aksenov Aleksey
Published: July 2014

The shoots design of supporting device allowing to raise completeness of vegetation cutting and to increase the bush cutter efficiency is developed. We propose the idea to give the working body reciprocating movement. This movement will be carried out by hydraulic cylinders mounted on frame of bush cutter. The bush cutter is equipped with two milling cutters on the sides of which are located two hydraulic cylinders. When removing young growth bush cutters are the most widely adopted having a working body in the form of a cylindrical cutter.
Methods of indistinct multicriteria decision support in network planning
Authors: Сатторов  , Sattorov F.
Published: July 2014

In this paper we consider the solution of multicriteria decision support in the assessment of the time parameter of network plan under uncertainty fuzzy character. Proposed method is based on the mechanisms of fuzzy set theory and multicriteria optimization and represents a fuzzy model, as input parameters of which set of fuzzy criterion act, the calculation in a fuzzy model is carried out on the bases of fuzzy reasoning (logical implication) of the base of rules, and as an output parameter of model, ie, possibilistic duration of work acts as the resulting function.
A New Solution for the Moral Hazard Problem in Team Production
Authors: Guillen Pablo , Merrett Danielle , Slonim Robert
Published: July 2014

We propose an intergroup competition scheme (ICS) to theoretically solve free riding in team production and provide experimental evidence from a voluntary contribution mechanism public goods game. The ICS includes an internal transfer payment from the lowest to highest contributing team proportional to the difference in group contributions. The ICS requires minimal information, makes the efficient contribution a dominant strategy, and is budget balanced. These features make the ICS ideally suited to solve the moral hazard problem in team production. Our experiment demonstrates that the ICS raises contributions to almost reach optimality with the appropriate parameters. We also show experimentally that the success of the ICS can be primarily attributed to the effect of higher returns and to the introduction of competition, and it is not due to the introduction of potential losses or information regarding other groups.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2014.1922 .

This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
Alliance Partners and Firm Capability: Evidence from the Motion Picture Industry
Authors: Vandaie Ramin , Zaheer Akbar
Published: July 2014

Interfirm alliances have long been identified as channels for learning and acquiring partners’ knowledge and capability. In this study, we offer a new perspective on the influence of alliance partners on a focal firm’s capability by focusing on “link” alliances that are motivated by the prospect of exploiting complementarities rather than acquiring partners’ capabilities. Specifically, we consider the case of alliances between resource-rich and resource-poor firms and examine the capability development opportunities and threats that face the resource-poor focal firm as by-products of a link alliance. We use data on the population of independent motion picture production studios in the United States and their alliances with the major studios during 1990–2010 to test our proposed theory. The results show that the number of major partners exhibits an inverted U-shaped effect on an independent studio’s capability. We also find contingent effects: both an independent studio’s alliance experience with major partners and its level of specialization intensify (positively moderate) this relationship. Contrary to our expectation, we find no support for the contingency of major partner turnover. In addition to offering a new perspective on the role of alliances in a firm’s capability development process, our study highlights some of the key contingencies surrounding the benefits resource-poor firms receive from their resource-rich partners.
Percutaneous Gastrojejunostomy under Fluoroscopic Guidance: Results from a Single Center in a Cohort of 23 Consecutive Patients
Authors: Grasso Rosario Francesco , Cazzato Roberto Luigi , Faiella Eliodoro , Schena Emiliano , Del Vescovo Riccardo , Giurazza Francesco , Mercurio Simona , Luppi Giacomo , Zobel Bruno Beomonte
Published: July 2014

Introduction: to retrospectively investigate technical success, clinical success, complication rate, tube patency and 30-day mortality in a population of patients receiving percutaneous gastro-jejuonostomy (PGJ) under fluoroscopic guidance. Method: Institutional review board was obtained for the present study. Twenty-three patients (11 male, 12 female; mean age 68.3 years, range 37-95 years) were included. Descriptive statistics was used to investigate all variables and tube patency was investigated with Kaplan-Myer plot during a 4-month period. Results: Twenty-three PGJs were placed during a 3-year period in 23 consecutive patients. Technical success for PGJ first placement was reached in 22 patients (95.6%). PGJ exchange was always successful. Clinical success was always reached (100%) after each single procedure. We registered two cases of major complications consistent with bleeding requiring interventions. Minor complications encountered during follow-up were tube clogging and superficial stomal infection. Four-months tube patency was 76.5%. Overall 30-day mortality was 17.4% and 30-day PGJ related mortality was 0%. Conclusion: PGJ under fluoroscopic guidance is a safe and effective procedure with high rates of technical and clinical success coupled to low rates of complications and mortality.
Study of Low-Pressure Argon Adsorption on Synthetic Nontronite: Implications for Smectite Crystal Growth
Authors: Decarreau Alain , Petit Sabine , Andrieux Pauline , Villieras Frederic , Pelletier Manuel , Razafitianamaharavo Angelina
Published: July 2014

Because relatively little information about the crystal-growth process of smectite is available, the process was assessed here by studying the size and shape of nontronite particles synthesized at six different temperatures from 75 to 150°C over a period of 4 weeks.

The morphology of nontronites was studied using low-pressure isotherms of argon adsorption at 77 K, a method which enables the measurement of the basal and edge surface areas of the nontronite particles and of their mean diameter and thickness. During the crystal growth of nontronite, the mean particle length increased whereas their thickness (and the number of stacked layers) did not vary significantly.

A specific two-dimensional crystal-growth process was observed for smectite via the lateral extension of the layers. This process also appears to occur during the growth of neoformed natural smectite.
Stability of Iron in Clays Under Different Leaching Conditions
Authors: Dousova Barbora , Fuitova Lucie , Kolousek David , Lhotka Miloslav , Grygar Tomas Matys , Spurna Petra
Published: July 2014

The iron chemistry of aluminosilicates can markedly affect their adsorption properties due to possible changes in surface charge upon exposure to a variety of processes in the environment. One of these processes is chemical leaching, but to date little has been reported on the susceptibility of structural Fe to chemical leaching. The purpose of the current study was to determine the effects of solution pH on the stability of structural Fe in kaolinites, illite, and bentonite and the potential for formation of ancillary (oxyhydr)oxides. Structurally bound Fe does not participate in sorption properties but Fe that is released and phase transformed during leaching could take part in adsorption processes and form complexes and/or covalent bonds via Fe ions. Five different Fe-bearing clay minerals were treated in 0.5 M and 2 M HCl, distilled H2O, 0.1MKCl, and 0.5MKHCO3 for 24 h. The amount of Fe leached varied from 10 μg g-1 (for 0.1 M KCl) to 104 μg g-1 (for 2 M HCl) depending on the leaching agents. Acidic and water treatments indicated a relative independence of leached Fe on the initial Fe content in the clay and, conversely, a heavy dependence on the crystallinity of initial Fe phases. Well crystallized Fe(III) was stable during the leaching process, while poorly crystallized and amorphous Fe(III) phases were less stable, forming new ion-exchangeable Fe3+ particles. Under alkaline conditions, no relation between Fe crystallinity and mobility was found. The structural and surface changes resulting from leaching processes were identified by equilibrium adsorption isotherms. In kaolinite, the specific surface area (SBET) and porosity changed independently of Fe leaching due to the stability and crystallinity of Fe. In bentonite, the number of micropores was reduced by their partial saturation with Fe3+ particles caused by poorly crystallized and more reactive Fe forms during the leaching process. Potential phase transformations of Fe were characterized by the voltammetry of microparticles; well crystallized Fe(III) oxides remained stable under leaching conditions, while poorly crystallized and amorphous Fe(III) phases were partially dissolved and transformed to reactive Fe3+ forms.
First Principles Ab Initio Study of CO2 Adsorption on the Kaolinite (001) Surface
Authors: He Man-Chao , Zhao Jian , Li Yang
Published: July 2014

The capture and storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) have considerable potential for mitigating climate change. Adsorption is one of the most popular methods for the storage of CO2. The adsorption of CO2 molecules on the hydroxylated (001) surface of kaolinite was investigated using density-functional theory within the generalized gradient approximation and a supercell approach. The coverage dependence of the adsorption structures and energetics was studied systematically for a wide range of coverage, Θ [from 0.11 to 1.0 monolayers (ML)], and adsorption sites. The CO2 was adsorbed on the two-fold bridge-x (see the text for a definition) and the one-fold top-x sites in the bent, recumbent configuration, and on the three-fold hollow-z, two-fold bridge-z site, and the one-fold top-z sites in the vertical configuration. The surface-adsorbed binding site of CO2 was strongest at the bridge-x site and weakest at the top-z site. The adsorption energy increased with coverage, thus indicating the greater stability of surface adsorption and a tendency to form CO2 islands (clusters) with increasing coverage. The other properties of the CO2/kaolinite (001) system, including the different charge distribution, the lattice relaxation, and the electronic density of states, were also studied and are discussed in detail.
From Beijing with love: The global dimension of Bertolucci’s The Last Emperor
Authors: Baschiera Stefano
Published: July 2014

Famous for being the first foreign feature film that obtained permission to shoot in the Forbidden City, The Last Emperor (1987) is also one of the most ambitious and expensive independent productions of its time, awarded four Golden Globes and nine Academy Awards, including Best Picture. In addition, The Last Emperor can be considered as one of the first attempts of cinematic collaboration between West and East, in a period of cultural and economic transformations witnessed by China. This article aims to offer an overview of the production history of The Last Emperor, focusing on the co-production collaborations and the outcomes of a western auteur’s gaze on Chinese history. Questions of Orientalism, travel narrative and critical reception are taken into account in order to engage with the transnational implications of Bertolucci’s film and the western fascination with China.
New hosts and distribution records of Braga patagonica, a parasite cymothoidae of fishes from the Amazon
Authors: Tavares-Dias Marcos , Araújo Cleuza Suzana Oliveira , Barros Márcia Souza , Viana Gabriela Moraes
Published: July 2014

Specimens of Braga patagonica SchiÃ¶dteÂ  &Â  Meinert,Â  1884Â  (Isopoda: Cymothoidae) from freshwater fishes deposited in Ichthyological Collection of Amazon National Research Institute (INPA), in central Amazon and from fishes from eastern Amazon (Brazil) were investigated. Prevalence, infection intensity and body measures of B. patagonicafor different populations of this cymothoid in wild fishes species from Amazon were carried out. Four species of Serrasalmidae, one Characidae, one Cichlidae, one Cynodontidae, one Curimatidae, one Acestrorhynchidae and one Sciaenidae were recorded as new hosts for B. patagonicain the Amazon. This study indicates a low intensity and low parasitic specificity of B. patagonica, and also recorded the first parasitism by this ectoparasite in farmed Colossoma macropomum, describing its highly pathogenic effect.
The Making of a Classification Scheme for Libraries of Judaica
Authors: Elazar David
Published: July 2014

This paper describes the history of A Classification System for Libraries of Judaica, its development, the process involved in preparing the second and third revisions, and its use in various libraries.The authors of the scheme contend that there was-and is-a need for a classification system for libraries of Judaica to classify and arrange their collections according to Jewish concepts based upon Jewish thought and terminology.
Pricing of First-Run Movies in Small U.S. Metropolitan Areas: Multimarket Contact and Chain Effects
Authors: Feinberg Robert M.
Published: July 2014

In recent years, the role of multimarket contact (MMC) among firms in influencing market performance has been studied for a relatively small group of industries – with banking and airlines most often examined, though the cement and telecommunications industries have been studied as well. This paper investigates this issue for the local movie theater industry in the U.S., one not previously studied in this regard. In small U.S. metropolitan areas, there is considerable variation in the nature of MMC among theater chains (large and small), which allows us to examine whether MMC among firms has an impact on movie pricing in these smaller markets. Data on movie pricing, market structure, and income and population characteristics are obtained for 118 multi-screen first-run movie theaters in 79 small metropolitan areas – those with under 250,000 people – which are not part of larger “consolidated” metropolitan areas. Analysis provides evidence supportive of MMC effects but suggestive of its limited applicability.
On Run-preventing Contract Design
Authors: Ohashi Yoshihiro
Published: July 2014

This study considers how to implement an efficient allocation of a financial intermediation model, including liquidation costs. The main result shows that there is a mechanism such that, for any liquidation cost, an efficient allocation is implementable in strictly dominant strategies. There is no need for third-party assistance, such as deposit insurance. In addition, the mechanism is tolerant of a small, unexpected shock caused by premature withdrawals.
Liver rupture in HELLP syndrome
Authors: Jungfleisch Katrin , Fittschen Monica , Rapp Hans-Jürgen , Schäfer Henry , Bahlmann Franz
Published: July 2014

We report on a 30-year-old Caucasian woman admitted to our clinic after 34 weeks of gestation because of a severe partial hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (HELLP) syndrome. A cesarean section was performed when her clinical symptoms and laboratory values worsened. Intraoperatively she was diagnosed with hepatic subcapsular hematoma and liver rupture. Surgical treatment, including perihepatic packing with sterile towels removed 2 days post-surgery, resulted in an uneventful recovery. The patient was discharged 26 days after admission. Case reports such as ours may contribute to the management of pregnancies complicated by hepatic hematoma and rupture of the liver capsule associated to HELLP syndrome.
Medicare Reimbursement Reform for Provider Visits and Health Outcomes in Patients on Hemodialysis
Authors: Erickson Kevin F. , Winkelmayer Wolfgang C. , Chertow Glenn M. , Bhattacharya Jay
Published: July 2014

The relation between the quantity of many healthcare services delivered and health outcomes is uncertain. In January 2004, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services introduced a tiered fee-for-service system for patients on hemodialysis, creating an incentive for providers to see patients more frequently. We analyzed the effect of this change on patient mortality, transplant wait-listing, and costs. While mortality rates for Medicare beneficiaries on hemodialysis declined after reimbursement reform, mortality declined more – or was no different – among patients whose providers were not affected by the economic incentive. Similarly, improved placement of patients on the kidney transplant waitlist was no different among patients whose providers were not affected by the economic incentive; payments for dialysis visits increased 13.7% in the year following reform. The payment system designed to increase provider visits to hemodialysis patients increased Medicare costs with no evidence of a benefit on survival or kidney transplant listing.
„Aus der Krankheit konnten wir unsere Waffe machen.“
Authors: Köppen Paul
Published: July 2014

Vorspann

War die restriktive Finanz- und Haushaltspolitik der von Heinrich Brüning zwischen 1930 und 1932 geführten Präsidialkabinette alternativlos? Oder hätte es Handlungsspielräume für einen anderen Kurs gegeben, um die sozialen und ökonomischen Folgen der Weltwirtschaftskrise zumindest abzumildern? Über diese Fragen ist viel diskutiert worden, und sie stehen auch im Mittelpunkt des Aufsatzes von Paul Köppen. Der Historiker nähert sich der Thematik am Beispiel der französischen Kreditangebote auf dem Höhepunkt der Krise, arbeitet davon ausgehend Brünings langfristige Ziele heraus und kommt schließlich zu einer eindeutigen Antwort.
Volksgemeinschaft und die Gesellschaftsgeschichte des NS-Regimes
Authors: Steber Martina , Gotto Bernhard , Föllmer Moritz , Longerich Peter , Süß Dietmar , Harvey Elizabeth
Published: July 2014

Vorspann

Taugt Volksgemeinschaft als analytischer Leitbegriff einer erneuerten Gesellschaftsgeschichte des „Dritten Reiches“? Über kein anderes Thema wird in der NSForschung seit Jahren heftiger diskutiert. Ihren Höhepunkt erreichte die Kontroverse 2010 auf einer internationalen Konferenz am Deutschen Historischen Institut London, deren Ergebnisse der Sammelband „Visions of Community in Nazi Germany. Social Engineering and Private Lives“ (Oxford 2014) bündelt. Martina Steber und Bernhard Gotto, die Herausgeber des Werkes, werben für die Innovationskraft des Zugangs und synthetisieren aus den Diskussionsbeiträgen ein Modell, das den Begriff der Volksgemeinschaft operationalisiert. Moritz Föllmer, Elizabeth Harvey, Peter Longerich und Dietmar Süß diskutieren seine Vorzüge und Grenzen, zeigen zugleich aber auch auf, dass der vielversprechende gesellschaftsgeschichtliche Zugriff den großen Praxistest noch bestehen muss.
Thickness Dependent Photoelectrochemical Performance of Chemo-Synthesized Nanostructured CdS Thin Films
Authors: Vanalakar Sharadrao A. , Mali Sawanta S. , Suryawanshi Mahesh P. , Tarwal Nilesh L. , Agawane Ganesh L. , Gurav Kishor V. , Shin Seung W. , Moholkar Annasaheb V. , Kim Jin H. , Patil Pramod S.
Published: July 2014

Thin films of cadmium sulfide (CdS) with different film thicknesses
were chemo-synthesized onto soda lime glass and fluorine doped tin
oxide (FTO) coated glass substrates. The synthesized CdS films were
characterized by using UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD),
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy
(AFM). The XRD patterns revealed the formation of CdS with a cubic
crystal structure. The variation in band gap energies was found to be
in the range of 2.42–2.85 eV. An increase of
0.43 eV over the bulk band gap energy of CdS was found due
to the quantum size effect in CdS thin films. The atomic force
microscopy study depicted a novel egg-like morphology of CdS
nanoparticles. Further, photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of as
grown CdS thin films was investigated using two electrode
configurations in polysulfide electrolyte. The sample with film
thickness 1389 Å showed the best PEC performance
compared to other samples.
Ptychographic X-ray Microscopy with the Vacuum Imaging Apparatus HORST
Authors: Gorniak Thomas , Rosenhahn Axel
Published: July 2014

Imaging is one of the key drivers for new scientific insights – from
the observation of distant stars in astronomy to microscopic studies
of sub-cellular structures in biology. In the latter case, X-rays are
a versatile probe due to their small wavelength and thus high spatial
sensitivity. We give an overview of applicable lensless, coherent
imaging approaches relying on scattering with a focus on ptychographic
microscopy and discuss the experimental requirements for the soft
X-ray scattering experiment HORST. Besides the experiment itself, we
highlight the importance of sample environments, especially when
biological specimens are investigated. Here, the water window is of
central importance. In addition to exploitation of the contrast and
resolution, resonant ptychography allows to distinguish chemical
species at high spatial resolution with both phase and amplitude
contrast.
Measurement of Moisture Content with a Penetrometer
Authors: Singh Gurdev , Das Braja M. , Chong M. K.
Published: July 2014

Interpretation and reliability of in situ tests, such as cone penetration, can be improved if in situ moisture content and density can be measured without affecting the speed of site investigation significantly. This paper describes the principle and technique of determining moisture content with a penetrometer that can measure the dielectric constant (specific inductive capacitance) of soils. Effects of various factors, such as salt content of water, on the measured parameter are discussed with special reference to frequency of the measuring bridge. This study shows that it is possible to determine the in situ moisture content of soils from measurements conducted at very high frequencies. This method presents particular promise because the moisture content versus capacitance relationship has been found to be practically independent of soil type.
Rapid Density Profiling of Consolidating Clay Using Synchrotron Radiation
Authors: Charlie Wayne A. , Durnford Deanna , Steenhuis Tammo S.
Published: July 2014

The high-energy, highly collimated X-ray beam at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) was used to provide rapid and high-resolution temporal and spatial density distributions in a consolidating saturated clay specimen. Porewater pressure at the undrained base of the clay was obtained by a porewater pressure transducer. Test results show good agreement between theoretical and experimental density distributions and indicate that synchrotron radiation is a promising and unique method to study consolidation.
Soil Fabric Changes During Consolidation
Authors: Adamcewicz Amy S. , Muhunthan Balasingam , Masad Eyad
Published: July 2014

A method for characterizing the directional distribution of voids in soils at the microstructural level is presented. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to obtain high-resolution, high-magnification images of the soil microstructure. These images were analyzed using an image analysis program to obtain parameters of the directional void ratio distribution function. Useful indices based on both solid and void phases for describing the changes of fabric in soils are proposed, and their evolution under one-dimensional compression of soils is studied. The analyses showed a high degree of preferred orientation attained by soil particles during consolidation.