bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Speckle-based off-axis holographic detection for non-contact photoacoustic tomography
Authors: Buj C. , Horstmann J. , Münter M. , Brinkmann R.
Published: September 2015

A very fast innovative holographic off-axis non-contact detection method for Photoacoustic Tomography (PAT) is introduced. It overcomes the main problems of most state-of-the-art photoacoustic imaging approaches that are long acquisition times and the requirement of acoustic contact. In order to increase the acquisition speed significantly, the surface displacements of the object, caused by the photoacoustic pressure waves, are measured interferometrically in two dimensions. Phase alterations in the observed speckle field are used to identify changes in the object’s topography. A sampling rate of up to 80 MHz is feasible, which reduces the occurrence of motion artefacts.

This approach was validated with a silicone phantom with cylindrical absorbers that are similar to the shape of blood vessels. A tomographic reconstruction leads to the three dimensional location of the absorbers. A reliable reconstruction proves the ability of the method.
Mesh structure-independent modeling of patient-specific atrial fiber orientation
Authors: Wachter Andreas , Loewe Axel , Krueger Martin W , Dössel Olaf , Seemann Gunnar
Published: September 2015

The fiber orientation in the atria has a significant contribution to the electrophysiologic behavior of the heart and to the genesis of arrhythmia. Atrial fiber orientation has a direct effect on excitation propagation, activation patterns and the P-wave. We present a rule-based algorithm that works robustly on different volumetric meshes composed of either isotropic hexahedra or arbitrary tetrahedra as well as on 3-dimensional triangular surface meshes in patient-specific geometric models. This method fosters the understanding of general proarrhythmic mechanisms and enhances patient-specific modeling approaches.
Biomechanical parameter determination of scaffold-free cartilage constructs (SFCCs) with the hyperelastic material models Yeoh, Ogden and Demiray
Authors: Reuter T. , Ponomarev I.
Published: September 2015

The biomechanical properties are crucial indicators for the functional characterization of cartilaginous tissue. In this contribution native articular cartilage and three-dimensional scaffold-free cartilage constructs (SFCCs) are characterized by hyperelastic material models (Yeoh, Ogden and Demiray). SFCCs were developed for the therapy of damaged articular cartilage. The normalized error (NE) of fit and experiment is in the range of 0.04 and 0.13. The material model Yeoh with two parameters yields the best fit. The stress-like parameterc
20 is 0.489 MPa for native cartilage, 0.120 MPa and 0.041 MPa for SFCCs produced from mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes, respectively. The significance of the fits and the derived parameters are presented and evaluated.
Philosophie als Kritik
Authors: Jaeggi Rahel
Published: September 2015

Michael Hampes Buch ist, als mit Verve vorgebrachter Einspruch gegen das Selbstverstandnis der zeitgenossischen Philosophie, eine hochst willkommene Intervention. Das Buch etabliert aber in der Fulle seiner Themen und Einfalle seinerseits nicht nur eine Kritik an der Philosophie, sondern auch positiv ein bestimmtes Verstandnis von Philosophie, namlich das einer Philosophie als Kritik, einer Kritik, die die gesellschaftlichen Ordnungen im Namen der Erringung semantischer Autonomie uberschreitbar machen soll. Diesem Gegenbild mochte ich im Folgenden nachgehen. Dabei teile ich so viele seiner Positionen und Intuitionen, dass meine Einwande eher als Versuch einer kritischen Aufnahme und Weiterfuhrung der von Hampe ausgehenden Anregungen zu verstehen sind denn als fundamentaler Einspruch.
Fatigue Life Improving of Drill Rod by Inclusion Control
Authors: Wang Linzhu , Yang Shufeng , Li Jingshe , Liu Wei , Zhou Yinghao
Published: September 2015

Large and hard inclusions often deteriorate the service performance and reduce the fatigue lifetime of drill rods. In this paper, the main reasons of the rupture of drill rods were analyzed by the examination of their fracture and it is found that the large inclusions were the main reason of breakage of rod drill. The inclusions were high of Ca content or Al2O3 rich. Smaller and better deformability inclusions were obtained by the optimization of refining slag, calcium treatment process and the flow control devices of tundish. Results of industrial experiment after optimization show that total oxygen content of drill rods decreased by more than 50%, macro-inclusions weight fraction decreased from about 4 mg/10 kg to about 0.3 mg/10 kg and the micro-inclusions average size decreased from 6 to 3.6 μm. The average using times of drill rods after optimization were increased by about 60%.
Investigation into the Spall Strength of Cast Iron
Authors: Plume Gifford , Rousseau Carl-Ernst
Published: September 2015

The spall strength of cast iron has been investigated by means of planar plate impact experiments conducted in a vacuum. A single stage gas gun was utilized to drive projectiles to velocities between 100 and 300 m/sec, resulting in low to moderate shock loading of the cast iron specimens. Measurement of the stress histories were made with the use of commercial manganin stress gauges that were imbedded between the back face of the cast iron specimen and a low impedance backing of polycarbonate. Spall strength values were calculated utilizing the measured peak stress and minimum stress pullback signals captured in the stress history. Spall Strength values were found to vary between 0.98 and 1.45 GPa for the cast iron tested. Post-Mortem analysis of recovered specimen has provided insight into the evolution of spall failure in cast iron and shed light on the varying nature of the spall strength values calculated. It was determined that the lower bound of strength values was associated with small scale micro-failure, while the upper bound values corresponded to complete spall fracture.
A Motion Model of Reinforced Concrete Fragments Driven by Internal Explosion
Authors: Bi Wu , Sheng Fu Yue , Li Chen , Kai Zhang
Published: September 2015

The movement of reinforced concrete fragments driven by internal explosions was investigated, and a model was built in consideration of the interaction and deformation harmony between steel bars and concrete for the description of fragments movement. The calculated and experimental results indicate that the model is reasonable.
Application of Recent Powerful Analytical Approaches on the Non-Linear Vibration of Cantilever Beams
Authors: Sedighi Hamid M. , Shirazi Kourosh H. , Noghrehabadi A.
Published: September 2015

This paper presents the advantages of some effective analytical approaches applied on the governing equation of transversely vibrating cantilever beams. Six studied methods are Min-Max Approach, Parameter Expansion Method, Hamiltonian Approach, Variational Iteration Method, Bubnov-Galerkin and Energy Balance Method. The powerful analytical approaches are used to obtain frequency-amplitude relationship for dynamic behavior of nonlinear vibration of cantilever beams. It is demonstrated that one term in series expansions of all methods are sufficient to obtain a highly accurate solution. Finally, a numerical example is conducted to verify the accuracy of these methods.
FAKTOR - FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PDRB KABUPATEN / KOTA JAWA TENGAH TAHUN 2008-2012
Authors: Rahman Yozi Aulia , Chamelia Ayunda Lintang
Published: September 2015

Pertumbuhan ekonomi yang tinggi merupakan kondisi utama bagi kelangsungan pembangunan ekonomi daerah. Untuk mengukur kemajuan perekonomian daerah dengan mengamati seberapa besar laju pertumbuhan ekonomi yang dicapai daerah tersebut yang tercermin dari kenaikan Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB). PDRBKabupaten/Kota di Jawa Tengah selama tahun 2008- 2012 mengalami pertumbuhan karena banyak yang mempengaruhinya, seperti: Tabungan, Kredit, PAD dan Belanja Daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis seberapa besar faktor-faktor tersebut mempengaruhi tingkat PDRB kabupaten/Kota di Jawa Tengah selama tahun 2008-2012. Variabel dependen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah PDRB, sedangkan variabel-variabel independen yaitu Tabungan, Kredit, Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) dan Belanja Daerah. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda melalui metode OLS dengan menggunakan data    time series 2008  –2012 dan data crosssection 35 kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Jawa Tengah atau yang dimaksud dengan data panel. Pengujian model dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode FixedEffect. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa hasil analisis regresi pada α=5%menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial  variabel tabungan   dan kredit berpengaruh signifikan, sedangkan variabel PAD, dan Belanja Daerah tidak signifikan terhadap PDRB kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Jawa Tengah tahun 2008–2012. 

High economic growth is the main condition for the continuation of regional economic development. To measure the progress of the regional economy, observation on the economyc growth rate in each area can be conducted. It is reflected in the increase of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GDP). The increase of GDP of regency/city in Central Java during the year of 2008- 2012 was influenced by several factors such as savings, credit, local generated revenue (PAD), and Expenditure. This study intends to analyze the affect of these factors to the level of GDP on districts / cities in Central Java during the years 2008-2012. The dependent variable used in this study is GDP. Meanwhile, the independent variables are savings, credit, revenue (PAD) and expenditure. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis by the OLS method using time series data in 2008 -2012 and data crosssection of 35 districts / cities in Central Java province which are often called as the data panel. The model is tested by using Fixed Effect. The result indicates that the results of the regression analysis on the α = 5% shows that in partial,  saving and loan have significant effect on GDP.  Meanwhile,  PAD variable and expenditurehave no significant effect on GDP districts / cities in Central Java province in 2008-2012.
ANALISIS PENYEBAB RESISTENSI OBAT ANTI TUBERKULOSIS
Authors: Nugrahaeni Dyan Kunthi
Published: September 2015

Jumlah penderita TB Indonesia sekitar 5,8% total TB dunia dan menempati peringkat keempat dengan angka prevalensi 281/100.000 penduduk. Kendala program pemberantasan dan penanggulangan TB adalah Resistensi obat anti tuberkulosis, karena pengobatan lama, mahal, dan tingginya efek samping. Tujuan penelitian menganalisis penyebab resistensi OAT. Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2013 dengan rancangan penelitian menggunakan kasus kontrol. Sampel kasus penderita TB resisten dan sampel kontrol penderita TB yang sembuh masing-masing 26 orang. Data dari hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium dan catatan medik di RS Dr. HA. Rotinsulu Kota Bandung. Uji statistik dengan chi square dan besar risiko dari OR. Hasil penelitian didapatkan 80,8% kategori MDR-TB dan 19,2% XDR-TB. Penderita TB mengalami efek samping 42,3%, riwayat pengobatan tidak adekuat 96,2%, adanya kontak erat 30,8%, tempat pengobatan sebelumnya tidak menerapkan DOTS 15,4%. Penyebab resistensi OAT adalah riwayat pengobatan tidak adekuat (nilai p= 0,001; OR= 40,00, 95%CI: 4,66-343,14). Pencegahan resistensi OAT dengan penatalaksanaan TB komprehensif, menerapkan program DOTS agar pengobatan tidak terputus dan berkesinambungan.

 

Number of case TB Indonesia approximately 5.8% total TB in world, was ranked fourth with prevalence rate 281/100,000 population. Anti-tuberculosis drug resistant become problem prevention and eradication TB programmes, because treatment for longer, expensive, and greater side effects. The purpose this study was analysis causes Anti-tuberculosis drug resistant. This research was conducted at 2013 with design using case control. Cases which TB patients drug resistance, control which patients were cured TB each one as 26 people. Data obtained from the results laboratory and medical records in  hospital Dr. HA. Rotinsulu Bandung. Statictic analyzed using chi-square test and risk factor from OR. Results showed 80.8% MDR-TB and 19.2% XDR-TB. TB patients who experience side effects 42.3%, inadequate treatment 96.2%, 30.8% close contact, not implementing DOTS 15.4%. The causes anti-tuberculosis drug resistance inadequate treatment (P value= 0.001; OR= 40.00, 95%CI: 4.66-343.14). Prevention of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance by comprehensive TB management, implementing DOTS program that uninterrupted and continuous treatment.
PENGARUH MEDIA FILM TERHADAP SIKAP IBU PADA DETEKSI DINI KANKER SERVIKS
Authors: Mulyati Sri , Suwarsa Oki , Desy Arya Insi Farisa
Published: September 2015

Salah satu cara yang praktis dan murah untuk mencegah terjadinya kanker serviks adalah melalui tes Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat (IVA). Upaya untuk mempengaruhi sikap ibu pada tes IVA adalah pendidikan kesehatan melalui film. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan melalui film terhadap sikap ibu pada tes IVA. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tahun 2014. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah non randomized within group design. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik consecutive sampling pada 60 responden.  Analisis bivariat yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah  uji wilcoxon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh positif pendidikan kesehatan melalui film terhadap sikap ibu (P<0,05) dengan peningkatan median (rentang) skor sikap dari 44,23 (19,23-75) menjadi 78,85 (25-94,23). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah terdapat pengaruh positif pendidikan kesehatan melalui film terhadap sikap ibu.

 

The Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) test is a practical and cheaper way to prevent cervical cancer. One way to influence attitude in VIA test is health education based on the movie. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of health education based on the movie on the attitude,of women in VIA test. The study conducted at 2014. The study design was nonrandomized within group design. The sampling technique was consecutive sampling technique on 60 respondents. The data analysis employed  bivariable analysis with wilcoxon test. This study shows there was a significant positive effect of the health education based on the movie on the mother’s attitude (P<0.05) with median and range attitude score increasing from 44.23 (19.23-75) to 78.85(25-94.23). This study concludes that there is significant positive effect of the health education based on the movie on attitude.
POLA ASUH DALAM KESEHATAN ANAK PADA IBU BURUH PABRIK
Authors: Oemar Rindu , Novita Astrid
Published: September 2015

Kemajuan tingkat ekonomi dan pendidikan wanita membuat banyak ibu rumah tangga yang bekerja di luar rumah sehingga mempengaruhi pola asuh ibu terhadap anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui gambaran pola asuh ibu dan aspek penting yang mempengaruhi serta proses pengembangan pola asuh kesehatan anak pada ibu yang bekerja sebagai buruh pabrik di wilayah Cimanggis Depok pada tahun 2014. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain mixed methode yaitu gabungan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain studi cross-sectional dan kualitatif studi kasus intrinsik. Penelitian dilakukan di 3 pabrik dari Bulan Februari 2014 - Februari 2015. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 40 responden. Analisa data menggunakan analisa tematik dengan menggunakan triangulasi sumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan antarasosial ekonomi (nilai p 0,026), keadaan  keluarga (nilai p 0,024),  keadaan  kesehatan  keluarga nilai p 0,009),  dan  lingkungan keluarga (nilai p 0,045) terhadap pola asuh pada ibu buruh pabrik di wilayah Cimanggis Depok sedangkan  variabel  lainnya  tidak  berhubungan.  Simpulan penelitian ini adalah ada hubungan faktor sosial ekonomi, keadaan keluarga, keadaan kesehatan keluarga dan lingkungan keluarga dengan pola asuh pada ibu buruh pabrik dan selain itu komunikasi menjadi faktor terpenting. Diperlukan adanya pola komunikasi yang baik, sehingga dapat tercipta pola asuh yang ideal.

 

Economic progression and educational level of women make housewives who work outside home affect parenting mother to child. This study aims to find a description of parenting mothers and important aspects that affect the development process of parenting and child health in women who worked in factories in the area Cimanggis Depok in 2014. This study used a mixed method design which combines quantitative research with cross-sectional design and intrinsic qualitative case-studies. The study was conducted in three factories in February 2014 - February 2015 with 40 respondents. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis using triangulation. The results showed no relationship between socioeconomic (p value = 0.026, OR 12.143), family circumstances (p-value = 0.024), the state of health of the family (p-value = 0.009), and the family environment (p value = 0.045) against maternal parenting factory workers in the area Cimanggis Depok. The result was there were relationship among socioeconomic factors, family circumstances, state of health of the family and the family environment with maternal parenting factory workers and besides communication becomes the most important factor. There needs to be a good communication pattern to create the ideal parenting.
Innenregress und Haftung der Unternehmensleitung bei Kartellverstößen
Authors: Rust Ulrich
Published: September 2015

Der Beitrag bespricht das Teilurteil des LAG Düsseldorf vom 20. Januar 2015, in dem der Innenregress des Unternehmens gegen die Unternehmensleitung auf Ersatz von Kartellbußgeldern kategorisch ausgeschlossen wird. Der Verfasser kommt zum Ergebnis, dass das Urteil nicht überzeugt und ein absolutes Regressverbot verfehlt ist. Vielmehr erfasst der Innenregress dem Grunde nach auch Kartellbußgelder. Allerdings ist die Haftung im Innenverhältnis jedenfalls bei fahrlässigen Pflichtverletzungen der Höhe nach zwingend zu begrenzen, um Wertungswidersprüche zwischen gesellschaftsrechtlicher Organhaftung einerseits und der Kartellbußgeldsystematik andererseits auszuschließen.
Der Sanktionszweck heiligt den Regressausschluss – Zur Haftung von Vorstandsmitgliedern für Verbandsgeldbußen
Authors: Friedl Markus J. , Titze Laura A.
Published: September 2015

Mit seinem viel beachteten Teilurteil vom 20. Januar 2015 hat das LAG Düsseldorf als erstes deutsches Obergericht zum sog. Kartellinnenregress Stellung bezogen. Nach Ansicht der Arbeitsrichter haftet ein pflichtvergessener Geschäftsleiter nicht für das dem Unternehmen auferlegte Kartellbußgeld, das durchaus existenzvernichtende Ausmaße annehmen kann. Zu dieser in der Literatur kaum vertretenen Ansicht kommt das Landesarbeitsgericht, indem es die Trennung von ordnungsrechtlicher Sanktionierung und zivilrechtlicher Lastentragung faktisch aufhebt. Oder anders gewendet: Es vermeidet eine Sabotage des Kartellbußgeldrechts durch das Zivilrecht. Im Folgenden soll vor dem Hintergrund des Meinungsstands zum Innenregress (unter II) das Teilurteil des LAG Düsseldorf dargestellt (unter III) und bewertet (unter IV) werden. Darüber hinaus sollen weitere Konsequenzen für die Praxis und noch offene Fragen aufgezeigt werden (unter V).
Szisztematikus irodalmi áttekintések módszertana és jelentősége. Segítség a diagnosztikus és terápiás döntésekhez
Authors: Kamarási Viktória , Mogyorósy Gábor
Published: September 2015

There is no proven effective treatment for many diseases today that proves to be one of the greatest problems of health care. Therefore, different therapeutic decisions are made in connection with the same disease by hospitals. There is a growing need for reviews which summarize the information collected from professional literature with scientific methods. The aim of the authors was to show the limitations of conventional narrative reviews, and to present the method and importance of systematic reviews to Hungarian professionals. Systematic reviews are transparent studies which are based on a predetermined protocol and collate all empirical evidence to answer a specific research question, and consequently provide more reliable results. They use explicit and systematic methods to minimize bias, and provide evidence for clinicians and policy makers to help them make diagnostic and therapeutic decisions which are essential in several fields of the health care system and health policy, too. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(38), 1523–1531.
Uma noção de história em "A cidade e as serras" de Eça de Queirós
Authors: Lellis Ito Santos Giuliano
Published: September 2015

Este artigo apresenta uma leitura da história inerente ao romance A cidade e as serras, de Eça de Queirós. Para isso, levaram-se em conta os procedimentos narrativos escolhidos pelo autor para compor seu livro e os indícios apresentados nos discursos de alguns personagens, buscando sempre entender quais elementos do pensamento histórico daquele período estavam elencados na produção do texto e como podiam nos ajudar a entender o sentido do romance. Diante de uma construção pouco positivista da História, pudemos apontar um posicionamento pautado por certa relativização da construção do discurso histórico, pois alguns procedimentos apontam para uma reflexão sobre a ideologia e a interpretação do passado centrado no homem.
Fragmentos da literatura de Edward P. Thompson: a prosa de The Sykaos Papers e os versos de My Study
Authors: Furtado Filho João Ernani
Published: September 2015

Edward Palmer Thompson (1924-1993) foi um dos mais importantes historiadores do século XX. Em 1988, foram publicados os The Sykaos Papers, um livro de ficção científica acerca das angústias de uma era nuclear, mas, também, uma declaração de amor (e de direitos) a certo planeta azul. Este artigo objetiva apontar alguns elementos e aspectos desse romance. Um objetivo mais geral poderia ser a análise a partir dos escritos de Thompson da prática literária mesma, e das fronteiras e interseções entre essa prática e a “lógica histórica”. A principal fonte desta análise é o poema My Study, escrito em setembro de 1973.
Comparing Leaf and Root Insertion
Authors: Geldenhuys Jaco , Van der Merwe Brink
Published: September 2015

We consider two ways of inserting a key into a binary search tree: leaf insertion which is the standard method,

and root insertion which involves additional rotations. Although the respective cost of constructing leaf and root

insertion binary search trees trees, in terms of comparisons, are the same in the average case, we show that in

the worst case the construction of a root insertion binary search tree needs approximately 50% of the number of

comparisons required by leaf insertion.
Software Testing in Small IT Companies: A (not only) South African Problem
Authors: Gruner Stefan , Van Zyl Johan
Published: September 2015

Small software companies make for the majority of software companies around the world, but their software development processes are often not as clearly defined and structured as in their larger counterparts. Especially the test process is often the most neglected part of the software process. This contribution analyses the software testing process in a small South African IT company, here called X, to determine the problems that currently cause it to deliver software fraught with too many defects. The findings of a survey conducted with all software developers in company X are discussed, and several typical problems are identified. We also discuss two prevalent test process improvement models that can be used to reason about the possibilities of process improvement. Solutions to those (or similar) problems often already exist, but a major part of the problem addressed in this contribution is the unawareness, or unfamiliarity, of many small industrial software developers and IT managers as far as the scientific literature on software science and engineering, and especially in our case: software testing, is concerned.
Offline Signature Verification using Locally Optimized Distance-based Classification
Authors: Moolla Yaseen , Viriri Serestina , Nelwamondo Fulufhelo , Tapamo Jules-Raymond
Published: September 2015

Although handwritten signature verification has been extensively researched, it has not achieved an optimal classification accuracy rate. Therefore, efficient and accurate signature verification techniques are required since signatures are still widely used as a means of personal verification. This research work presents efficient distance-based classification techniques as an alternative to supervised learning classification techniques (SLTs). The Local Directional Pattern (LDP) feature extraction technique was used to analyze the effect of using several different distance-based classification techniques. The classification techniques tested, are the Euclidean, Manhattan, Fractional, weighted Euclidean, weighted Manhattan, weighted fractional distances and individually optimized resampling of feature vector sizes. The best accuracy, of 90.8%, was achieved through applying a combination of the weighted fractional distances and locally optimized resampling classification techniques to the Local Directional Pattern feature extraction. These results are compared with results from literature, where the same feature extraction technique was classified with SLTs. The distance-based classification was found to produce greater accuracy than the SLTs.
Weak factor automata: the failure of failure factor oracles?
Authors: Cleophas Loek , Kourie Derrick G. , Watson Bruce W.
Published: September 2015

In indexing of, and pattern matching on, DNA and text sequences, it is often important to represent all factors of a sequence. One efficient, compact representation is the factor oracle (FO). At the same time, any classical deterministic finite automata (DFA) can be transformed to a so-called failure one (FDFA), which may use failure transitions to replace multiple symbol transitions, potentially yielding a more compact representation. We combine the two ideas and directly construct a failure factor oracle (FFO) from a given sequence, in contrast to ex post facto transformation to an FDFA. The algorithm is suitable for both short and long sequences. We empirically compared the resulting FFOs and FOs on number of transitions for many DNA sequences of lengths 4 − 512, showing gains of up to 10% in total number of transitions, with failure transitions also taking up less space than symbol transitions. The resulting FFOs can be used for indexing, as well as in a variant of the FO-using backward oracle matching algorithm. We discuss and classify this pattern matching algorithm in terms of the keyword pattern matching taxonomies of Watson, Cleophas and Zwaan. We also empirically compared the use of FOs and FFOs in such backward reading pattern matching algorithms, using both DNA and natural language (English) data sets. The results indicate that the decrease in pattern matching performance of an algorithm using an FFO instead of an FO may outweigh the gain in representation space by using an FFO instead of an FO.
A Methodology to Institutionalise User Experience in Provincial Government
Authors: Pretorius Marco Cobus , Calitz André
Published: September 2015

Problems experienced with website usability can prevent users from accessing and adopting technology, such as e-Government. At present, a number of guidelines exist for e-Government website user experience (UX) design; however, the effectiveness of the implementation of these guidelines depends on the expertise of the website development team and on an organisation’s understanding of UX. Despite the highlighted importance of UX, guidelines are rarely applied in South African e-Government website designs. UX guidelines cannot be implemented if there is a lack of executive support, trained staff, budget and user-centred design processes. The goal of this research is to propose and evaluate a methodology (called the “Institutionalise UX in Government (IUXG) methodology”) to institutionalise UX in South African Provincial Governments (SAPGs). The Western Cape Government in South Africa was used as a case study to evaluate the proposed IUXG methodology. The results show that the IUXG methodology can assist SAPGs to establish UX as standard practice and improve the UX maturity levels.
Spatial analysis of carbon isotopes reveals seagrass contribution to fishery food web
Authors: Connolly Rod M. , Waltham Nathan J.
Published: September 2015

Despite the widespread use of carbon stable isotopes to distinguish among potential energy pathways in food webs, their usefulness is limited where potential basal carbon sources are numerous and diverse. We measured carbon isotope values of the major fisheries species, the mostly carnivorous Scylla serrata (giant mud crab), and potential basal, autotrophic sources supporting the food web. Conventional mixing modelling of autotroph and crab isotope data could not differentiate contributions from different sources. Pooling of modelled contributions from sources with similar isotope values indicated a role for organic matter from seagrass meadows or saltmarshes, but still did not define contributions well. Crab isotope data from a subsequent, spatially explicit survey of 14 sites, selected to represent different distances from key habitats, were analyzed using multiple regression. Crab isotope values showed a significant relationship with distance from seagrass (R2 = 0.87), but not with distance from mangroves or saltmarsh grass. Alongside seagrass meadows, crabs had very enriched isotope values, demonstrating their reliance on sources with enriched isotope values (seagrass and algae epiphytic on seagrass, 65–90% of their energy intake). At the site furthest from seagrass (21 km), crabs assimilated carbon primarily from depleted sources such as mangroves and terrestrial organic matter from coastal catchments (70–85%). Explicit spatial analysis of isotope data following a comprehensive survey revealed energy pathways not evident in conventional analyses.
Recursive movement patterns: review and synthesis across species
Authors: Berger-Tal Oded , Bar-David Shirli
Published: September 2015

Recursive movement—returns to previously visited areas—is a widespread phenomenon exhibited by a large range of species from bees and birds to primates and large felines, at different spatial scales. Nevertheless, the wide scope and generality of this phenomenon remain underestimated by the scientific community. This limited appreciation for the pervasiveness of recursive movement can be attributed to its study by parallel lines of research, with different methodologies and nomenclature, and almost no cross referencing among them. Among these lines of studies are traplining behavior in foraging ecology, path recursions in movement ecology and the ecology of fear in predator–prey studies. We synthesize these three lines of research, to underline the mechanisms driving these patterns and create a conceptual model for recursive movement behavior across species and spatio‐temporal scales. The emergence and complexity of recursive movement patterns are determined by the rate of resource recovery, environmental heterogeneity, the predictability of resource recovery, and the animal's cognitive capabilities. Our synthesis can be used to generate predictions within and among systems, as well as to promote the sharing of knowledge and methodologies gained in each sub‐field. Such sharing can greatly advance our understanding of behavioral and ecological processes and provide novel opportunities for future research.
Change in community phylogenetic structure of tropical forest along the southern coast of China during restoration
Authors: Chang Xiao-Yu , Zhou Ting , Peng Shao-Lin
Published: September 2015

Analyzing the change in community phylogenetic structure during restoration succession processes may assist in determining the mechanisms of community assembly and community composition change. An analysis of a 15–30 year succession series of degraded forest restoration sample plots at the Xiaoliang Research Station for Restoration of Tropical Coastal Degraded Ecosystem was performed to evaluate the patterns in the phylogenetic structure of tropical forest over time in the early stage of succession. In our study, we attempted to determine whether it was possible to predict future variations in the community composition based on the phylogenetic positions of different species. The results showed that the random colonization pattern of pioneer species resulted in the random community phylogenetic structure in the early stage of succession. Subsequently, the rapid development of species with close genetic relationships possess similar traits which were adaptive to the local homogeneous environment resulted in phylogenetic clustering. We also proposed a new method to determine the relationships between the phylogenetic positions of the species in a community and the quantitative dynamics of their populations. The results indicated that species with close initial community phylogenetic positions (lnD << 0) had more related species, high population growth rates, whereas species with relatively unrelated initial community phylogenetic positions (lnD >> 0) had fewer related species, low population growth rates, and even decreased populations. These results reflected the construction and maintenance of species in tropical forests from a certain perspective.
Ridge Preservation After Tooth Extraction With Buccal Bone Plate Deficiency Using Tunnel Structured β‐Tricalcium Phosphate Blocks: A 2‐Month Histologic Pilot Study in Beagle Dogs
Authors: Ikawa Takahiro , Akizuki Tatsuya , Matsuura Takanori , Hoshi Shu , Ammar Shujaa Addin , Kinoshita Atsuhiro , Oda Shigeru , Izumi Yuichi
Published: September 2015

Background: Reduction in alveolar ridge volume is a direct consequence of tooth extraction. Tunnel β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) blocks were manufactured from randomly organized tunnel‐shaped β‐TCP ceramic. Efficacy of these blocks compared to extraction alone for alveolar ridge preservation after tooth extraction with buccal bone deficiency was evaluated.

Methods: Maxillary first premolars of six beagle dogs were extracted after removing the buccal bone, and bone defects of 4 × 4 × 5 mm (mesio‐distal width × bucco‐palatal width × depth) were created. Fresh extraction sockets with buccal bone defects were filled with tunnel β‐TCP blocks at test sites. Two months after the operation, histologic and histometric evaluations were performed.

Results: Regarding histologic sections, coronal and middle horizontal widths of the alveolar ridge were significantly greater at test sites (3.2 ± 0.5 and 3.6 ± 0.4 mm, respectively) than at control sites (1.2 ± 0.3 and 2.0 ± 0.6 mm, respectively). The amount of woven bone was significantly greater at test sites (62.4% ± 7.9%) than at control sites (26.8% ± 5.3%), although that of connective tissue and bone marrow was significantly greater at control sites (38.1% ± 6.2% and 16.0% ± 6.9%, respectively) than at test sites (10.7% ± 5.7% and 4.1% ± 2.2%, respectively). Regarding basic multicellular units, no statistically significant difference was found between the test and control sites (0.5% ± 0.1% and 0.6% ± 0.1%, respectively).

Conclusion: Tunnel β‐TCP blocks represent an effective bone‐graft material for alveolar ridge preservation in fresh extraction sockets with buccal bone defects.
A Dynamic Discrete Fracture Model for Fluid Flow in Fractured Low-Permeability Reservoirs
Authors: Lei Zhengdong , Gong Bin , Wang Fang , Wang Tingting , Li Qianshan
Published: September 2015

Waterflooding has been an effective method for improving oil recovery process of Low-Permeability Reservoirs. Tight Low-Permeability reservoirs are characterized by natural fractures, hydraulic fractures, and induced fractures by water injection. These fractures may have a significant impact on process performance and ultimate recovery. The interaction between pre-existing natural fractures and the propagating fractures are critical factors affecting the complex fracture network. It is a great challenge to model accurately fluid flow due to the multi-scale nature of the problems and the strong coupling that exists between flow and mechanical behaviors.

In this paper, a dynamic discrete Fracture modeling approach was developed and implemented which enabled integrated simulation of fracture network propagation, interactions between hydraulic fractures and pre-existing natural fractures, fracture fluid leak off and fluid flow in reservoir. We apply the Discrete Fracture Modeling (DFM) approach to represent large-scale fractures individually and explicitly. The model allows inclusion of the impact of stress regime on fluid flow in a discrete fracture network. This entails highly constrained unstructured gridding and construction of a connection (transmissibility) list of all neighboring cells. A methodology for modeling fracture propagation in length- and height-direction is presented with respect to poro- and thermo-elastic stresses acting on the fracture. The method was solved using the discrete fracture control volume method. Results were obtained in terms of saturation and pressure distribution for various fractured porous media. Comparisons for simulation results and well production performance show an excellent match. The new model allows us to better understand the multi-scale and multi-physics flow behavior caused by complex fracture system.

Sensitivity studies by varying the production rate, pressure and fracture parameters could be conducted to provide guidance on optimizing production designs. The simulation results show that reservoir dynamic fractures play an important role in both direction and speed of water displacement fronts through tight low-permeability reservoirs. The oil recovery rate significantly depends on the fractures orientation and the rate of fracture growth.

The proposed simulation method provides a useful tool for modeling the effect of fractures on waterflooding performance and can be used to optimize injection pressures and rates, water quality as well as well patterns for maximizing oil recovery.
Accurate Modeling of Polymer Enhanced Oil Recovery Corefloods by Reservoir Simulation
Authors: Su Shi , Giddins Marie Ann , Naccache Paul , Clarke Andrew , M Howe Andrew
Published: September 2015

Characterization of polymer flow behavior, using data from laboratory measurements, is an essential step in the development of predictive reservoir simulation models of polymer enhanced oil recovery (EOR). We describe a methodology for calibrating simulation parameters, using detailed observations from multiphase coreflood experiments and taking account of the core geometry and polymer rheology.

A series of multiphase brine and polymer floods were performed on an oil-filled sandstone core plug, at different concentrations and at different flow rates. Measured data included pressure drop along the core and oil saturation derived from nuclear magnetic resonance. A fine-scale, three-dimensional simulation grid was designed to capture accurately the geometry of the experimental apparatus, including the coreholder platens for fluid injection and extraction. The simulation input parameters were adjusted to match the experimental results of each coreflood, and sensitivity studies were performed to assess the impact of uncertainties.

In the coreflood experiments, different recovery efficiencies were observed, depending on the type of aqueous solution and the injection flow rates. An initial relative permeability model was defined by matching a constant-rate brine flood. Further tests were performed for brine, xanthan, and hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) solutions, at incrementally increasing flow rates, and the resulting residual oil saturations were used to define capillary desaturation curves. Experimental data also showed that the apparent polymer solution viscosity at different shear rates differed from the values predicted by conventional rheology. To represent this behavior in the simulator, a new method for estimating the apparent aqueous-phase viscosity during multiphase flow has been developed and validated. At each step in the simulation study, sensitivity studies were used to check the quality of the experimental results, and unexpected behavior was explained or corrected.

High accuracy is required when designing EOR processes. In this project, close collaboration between research scientists and simulation experts led to development of innovative workflows to interpret experimental results, build the simulation grid, and characterize the polymer properties.
Root-Cause Identification and Production Diagnostic for Gas Wells with Plunger Lift
Authors: Singh Ajay
Published: September 2015

The paper presents an application of the regression tree technique as a root-cause identification and production diagnostic tool, and presents case studies for gas wells using the plunger-lift system. The regression tree model is data-driven and easy to construct, and does not require all of the parameters that a first principle-based model often requires. Thus, these models are quite useful in cases where real-time data or the required data for a detailed analysis are unavailable. To improve prediction capability, a cross-validation technique was used to optimize tree size. A total of 8–10 variables that could potentially impact the gas production rate were considered, with case studies conducted on actual field data. Questions, such as which group of wells are performing well or poorly, are quickly answered. Regression tree analysis, when applied at the field level, can identify a group of wells that underperform compared to other wells. As a result, an asset team can prioritize wells identified as poor performers. Further, a statistical analysis helps to gain insight into understanding the causal relationship between the gas production rate and various operational variables. Based on this analysis, recommendations are also provided to improve the gas production rate of poorly performing wells. Individual well models were also constructed to identify the root causes for high or low gas production based on operational changes made over a certain period of time. Only a few of the variables were found to have a significant impact on gas production. The interpretation of the decision tree indicated that additional operational variables, such as production time and pressure build-up time, should be included in the regression tree analysis to improve the diagnostic process. This paper summarizes these conclusions and recommends future work to improve the prediction capability of the regression tree analysis.
Sourceless Porosity and Anisotropy While Drilling Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Azimuthal Acoustic LWD Tools Drilling Technology: A Case History
Authors: Azim Shaikh Abdul , Turky Huda A , Thakuria Nabajyoti , Khesroh Sawsan , Abdulkarim Anar , Saukova Olesya , Samie Mohamed , Aki Ahmet
Published: September 2015

A combination of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and azimuthal acoustic tools was recently run in a logging-while-drilling (LWD) tool combination. This tool combination was used for the first time in Kuwait as a part of the bottomhole assembly (BHA), in addition to conventional tools, to acquire porosity without using radioactive sources.

A deviated 8.5-in. borehole section of a well was planned through sand-shale sequences with a borehole inclination ranging from 0 to 90°. This geological section is typically crucial from a borehole stability point of view. Borehole deterioration and significant variations in pore pressure can create a high risk of becoming stuck-in-hole. The use of conventional porosity tools in a LWD BHA with installed radioactive sources would significantly elevate the risks to an environmental-hazard level. And, even retrievable based sources become problematic for successful extraction in high angle wells.

LWD NMR and azimuthal acoustic tools, free of radioactive sources, were run for the first time in a LWD tool combination, with the primary objective to measure porosity, pressure prediction, and possible anisotropy using a centralized four-axis acoustic caliper.

Previous experiences in the same geological setting encountered borehole enlargements by approximately 5 in. after only 15 to 16 hours. LWD helped bypass this issue and acquire high-quality data before borehole enlargement occurred. Additionally, indications of the presence of possible rock anisotropy were observed. The results were then correlated and matched to offset well data as well as with existing field geomechanics knowledge.

This paper presents the planning, design, and execution of using LWD NMR and azimuthal acoustic tools in this well. It also discusses the viability, integrity, and robustness of logged data as well as interpreted results. Optimization of real-time drilling operations and petrophysical data acquisition requirements are also investigated to improve future field development and overall reservoir management strategies.
Integrated History Matching Workflow to Parameterize and Characterize the Uncertainty Features of a Carbonate Reservoir
Authors: Thomas Tony , Bejaoui Riadh , Al Khoori Ahmed Abdulla
Published: September 2015

This paper details the history matching workflow that was used in calibrating and hence parameterizing the key uncertainties in a carbonate reservoir. Multiple uncertainties in the reservoir model, inability to draw conclusions from data obtained, and how to effectively integrate data from different sources (cores, logs, geological model, well test and production data) were the challenges. Steps were taken to overcome these challenges, to recognize the key uncertainty parameters, using an integrated workflow approach resulted in improved well and reservoir characterization. The details of this workflow are presented in this paper.

This paper provides an integrated workflow for dynamic reservoir characterization and improved matching of reservoir behavior. It involves:Analyzing and incorporating dynamic data (well tests, pressure transient interpretation, saturation logs and pressure versus depth),Parameterizing key uncertainties impacting dynamic well and reservoir behavior,Characterizing the key uncertainties and incorporating them into the dynamic model, andValidating the dynamic model with geological information to corroborate the uncertainty findings.

This integrated workflow provided an uncertainty parameterization loop by enabling identifying the key uncertainty parameters that have the biggest impact on the dynamic behavior. This then enabled to narrow down the focus on these key parameters from a multitude of different factors. In carbonate reservoirs the dynamic history matching with the aim of understanding and modeling the key parameters through integrating existing dynamic information is not well defined. This workflow enables this integration and identifying the key parameters that can then be integrated into the modeling of the reservoir for improving the model behavior and predictability.

An integrated approach and workflow towards reservoir characterization and modeling resulting in improved well and reservoir modeling is presented. Data integration from multiple sources, identification of key uncertain reservoir parameters and their impact on the modeling and production prediction are highlighted.