bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE THINK-PAIR-SHARE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR BAHASA INGGRIS PESERTA DIDIK TENTANG BERBICARA DI KELAS XI MIPA 4 SMA NEGERI 7 KOTA BOGOR
Authors: Rostiati M.TH.
Published: April 2019

Penelitian ini diawali dengan adanya fenomena yang terjadi di kelas bahwa rendahnya hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris peserta didik tentang berbicara. Oleh karena itu guru perlu mempertimbangkan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think-Pair-Share sehingga dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) Mengetahui efektifitas penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe think-pair-share dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggris tentang berbicara di kelas XI MIPA 4 SMA NEGERI 7 Kota Bogor semester 1 tahun 2015-2016; (2) Menggambarkan proses peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggris tentang berbicara melalui penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe think-pair-share di kelas XI MIPA 4 SMA NEGERI 7 Kota Bogor semester 1 tahun 2015-2016; (3) Mengukur seberapa besar peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggris tentang berbicara melalui penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe think-pair-share di kelas XI MIPA 4 SMA NEGERI 7 Kota Bogor semester 1 tahun 2015-2016.
Dari hasil pembelajaran berbicara menggunakan tipe think-pair-share, dapat disimpulkan bahwa tipe tersebut dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas XI MIPA 4 SMA NEGERI 7 Kecamatan Bogor Utara Kota Bogor pada keterampilan berbicara. Nilai terendah pada pra siklus adalah 60 kemudian meningkat menjadi 65 pada siklus I dan meningkat lagi menjadi 79 pada siklus II. Selanjutnya nilai tertinggi pada pra siklus adalah 92 kemudian meningkat menjadi 96 pada siklus I dan meningkat lagi menjadi 100 pada siklus II. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa tipe think-pair-sharecocok untuk diterapkan pada kompetensi dasar berbicara. Selain peningkatan rata-rata nilai peserta didik, penerapan tipe think-pair-share pada pembelajaran kompetensi dasar berbicara juga dapat meningkatkan persentase ketuntasan belajar peserta didik. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa pada pra siklus hanya 33% atau 9 peserta didik yang nilainya di atas KKM yang telah ditetapkan, kemudian pada siklus I meningkat menjadi 52% atau 14 peserta didik yang nilainya di atas KKM dan pada ahirnya pada siklus II menjadi 100%, artinya 27 peserta didik mencapai nilai dan atau melampui nilai KKM.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN DAN MINAT BELAJAR SISWA TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM KELAS IV SDN BANTARKAMBING 03 KECAMATAN RANCABUNGUR KABUPATEN BOGOR
Authors: Masunah Neneng , . Yanuardi
Published: April 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memperoleh data empirik tentang hubungan antara persepsi antara Minat Belajar Siswa Terhadap hasil Belajar Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Kelas IV Di SDN Bantarkambing 03 Kecamatan Rancabungur Kabupaten Bogor. Masalah ini di rumuskan sebagai berikut: (1) Perbedaan hasil belajar antara siswa yang dibelajarkan dengan menggunakan model torso dan gambar (2) Pengaruh interaksi media pembelajaran dengan minat belajar terhadap hasil belajar (3) Perbedaan antara hasil belajar siswa dengan minat belajar tinggi yang dibelajarkan menggunakan model torso dan gambar (4) perbedaan antara hasil belajar siswa dengan minat belajar rendah yang dibelajarkan menggunakan model torso dan gambar.
Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuasi eksperimen dengan jumlah sample sebanyak 36 orang.
Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini yaitu : (1) terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar IPA pada peserta didik yang dibelajarkan dengan Media Pembelajaran Torso dan Media sebesar 0,050% (2) Terdapat pengaruh interaksi antara Media Pembelajaran dan Minat Belajar Siswa peserta didik terhadap hasil belajar IPA sebesar 0,050% (3) Terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar IPA pada peserta didik yang dibelajarkan dengan Media Pembelajaran Torso dan Media Pembelajaran Gambar sebesar 2,11% (3) bahwa hasil belajar IPA peserta didik yang memiliki Minat Belajar Rendah yang dibelajarkan dengan Media Pembelajaran Gambar lebih tinggi daripada peserta didik yang dibelajarkan dengan Media Pembelajaran Torso dengan selisih rata-rata 0,33%
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE EXAMPLES NON EXAMPLES UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK TENTANG DIAGONAL BIDANG, DIAGONAL RUANG DAN BIDANG DIAGONAL
Authors: Yuningsih Yuyun
Published: April 2019

Penelitian ini beranjak dari fenomena yang terjadi di kelas bahwa rendahnya pemahaman dan hasil belajar peserta didik pada pembelajaran matematika tentang diagonal bidang, diagonal ruang dan bidang diagonal. Oleh karena itu seorang guru perlu mempertimbangkan strategi pembelajaran sehingga dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik.
Penelitian ini bertujuan: 1) Untuk mengetahui penggunaan Model Pembelajaran kooperatif tipe examples non examples dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik pada pelajaran matematika tentang diagonal bidang dan diagonal ruang di kelas XII Bangunan B; 2) Untuk menggambarkan adanya proses peningkatan pemahaman dan hasil belajar peserta didik pada pelajaran matematika tentang diagonal bidang dan diagonal ruang di kelas XII Bangunan B; 3) Untuk mengukur besarnya peningkatan pemahaman dan hasil belajar peserta didik pada pelajaran matematika tentang tentang diagonal bidang dan diagonal ruang di kelas XII Bangunan B.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Penggunakan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif tipe example non examples dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik tentang diagonal bidang, diagonal ruang dan bidang diagonal di kelas XII Bangunan B SMK Negeri 2 Bogor semester ganjil tahun pelajaran 2015/2016, dengan adanya peningkatan pada kegiatan pra siklus, siklus 1, dan siklus 2 terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik. Adanya proses peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik tentang diagonal bidang, diagonal ruang dan bidang diagonal di kelas XII Bangunan B SMK Negeri 2 Bogor semester ganjil tahun pelajaran 2015/2016 pada pelajaran matematika, sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan Model Pembelajaran example non example, sedangkan besarnya peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik tentang diagonal bidang, diagonal ruang dan bidang diagonal pada pelajaran matematika, setelah menggunakan Model Pembelajaran example non example di kelas XII Bangunan B SMK Negeri 2 Bogor semester ganjil tahun pelajaran 2015/2016 untuk pra siklus adalah 22,58%, siklus 1 adalah 61,29% dan siklus 2 adalah 100% terhadap ketuntasan belajar peserta didik.
Theoretical Analysis on the Effect of Surface Horizontal Traction on Top-Down Cracking of Flexible Pavement
Authors: Alkaissi Zainab Ahmed , Al-Badran Yasir M. , Wasif Najwa
Published: April 2019

Fatigue cracking of flexible pavement is one of the most important elements that should be considered due to the damage occurs in asphalt layer under the effect of wheel load repetitions. This research demonstrated theoretical study on top-down fatigue crackingusing the finite element method. A three- dimensional finite elastic structural element is used to modal pavement using (ABAQUS ver. 6.12.1) program. The results obtained from this studydemonstrated that maximum value of tensile strain developed at the surface of asphalt layer for flexible pavement due to the horizontal traction generated from wheel load application at contact area. Also, the horizontal tensile strain ( ) at surface of asphalt layer is increasing rapidly with load repetitions with values greater than that generated at bottom by (94%) at failure. This prescribed the basic or inherent features of top crack initiation and down propagates within asphalt layer in flexible pavement. The top horizontal tensile strains obtained from the finite element model is higher than the empirical relations by (20%); since the finite element analysis of flexible pavement considered the surface horizontal tensile strains due to contact traction force at tire pavement interface. Finally, according to the results of this study the horizontal tensile strains at the top of asphalt surface significantly increase the damage intensity of fatigue failure for flexible pavement.
Generate dazzling structural structures in contemporary architecture
Authors: Hamed Shahad Raad , Ali Safaa Al-deen Hussein
Published: April 2019

Contemporary life has been accompanied by a series of technological developments and inventions, which enthuses the designer in new challenges and on a number of its levels, whether architectural or structural, and how to combine the two in a product whose structure reflects the creators' high creative expression. Which may lead to dazzling by employing a number of styles to produce a dazzling structure. And from it emerged the research problem is (The lack of detailed studies of the strategies and mechanisms for the generation of dazzling structures in contemporary architecture) The aim of the research was to construct a theoretical framework that describes the forms of generation of dazzling structures in contemporary architecture, The research approach were concentrated in three stages of the analytical descriptive, The first is to clarify the dimensions of the research and to extract the research problem, the second is to construct a theoretical framework on the concept of dazzling and ways to achieve it; the third is to conduct the case study on the samples. It was concluded that the strategy of creation is the mother strategy to generate the dazzling structure and the other strategies revolve around its mechanisms.
RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA: CASOS DE ENSINO COMO FOMENTO DE ENSINO-APRENDIZAGEM – RELATO DE EXPERIÊNICA NO CURSO DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO
Authors: Gemelli Cátia Eli , Lucas dos Santos Geneia , Paz Nunes Adriana
Published: April 2019

As reflexões sobre a qualidade do ensino em Administração no contexto brasileiro destacam a utilização de ferramentas e metodologias que possam contribuir para a formação de um profissional mais autônomo e preparado para a realidade a ser vivenciada no mercado de trabalho; um dos principais objetivos do método do caso é expor aos alunos os processos decisórios e dilemas que os profissionais de Administração vivem diariamente. Este estudo aborda a utilização de casos de ensino como forma de promover o ensino-aprendizagem atentando sobre as vantagens, os limites e as possibilidades de adaptação do uso deste método no ensino em Administração. Apresenta uma breve discussão teórica sobre o tema que foi abordado em sala de aula. Espera-se contribuir para o avanço na discussão sobre o tema, destacando a necessidade do desenvolvimento de novos casos de ensino, com foco em organizações brasileiras, apresentando situações de tomada de decisão em equipe e com diferentes perfis de profissionais como protagonistas.

Palavras-chave: Casos de ensino. Ensino-Aprendizagem. Aprendizagem ativa.
ABSTRACT
The reflections on the quality of teaching in Administration in the Brazilian context highlight the use of tools and methodologies that can contribute to the formation of a more autonomous professional prepared for the reality to be experienced in the labor market; one of the main objectives of the case method is to expose the students to the decision-making processes and dilemmas that the professionals of Administration live daily. This study addresses the use of teaching cases as a way of promoting teaching-learning, considering the advantages, limits and possibilities of adapting the use of this method in teaching in Administration. It presents a brief theoretical discussion about the topic that was approached in the classroom. It is hoped to contribute to the advancement in the discussion on the subject, highlighting the need to develop new teaching cases, focusing on Brazilian organizations, presenting decision-making situations in team and with different profiles of professionals as protagonists.

Keywords: Teaching cases. Teaching-Learning. Active learning.
Оценка дозиметрических характеристик нейтронного излучения, генерируемого медицинским линейным ускорителем электронов
Authors: Веренич Кирилл , Кутень Семен , Хрущинский Аркадий , Макаревич Кристина , Миненко Виктор
Published: April 2019

Линейные ускорители электронов используются для лучевой терапии с использованием фотонов высокой энергии. Эти фотоны генерируются в виде тормозного излучения при попадании высокоэнергетичных электронов на мишень из тяжелого металла. Фотоны с энергией свыше 10 МэВ вызывают появление вторичного нейтронного излучения вокруг линейного ускорителя. В статье изложены результаты моделирования транспорта нейтронов через выходную головку линейного ускорителя Клинак 2300C/D и помещение бункера с применением метода Монте-Карло. Промоделированы энергетические спектры нейтронов и оценена эффективная доза облучения от нейтронов вокруг головки ускорителя.
Результаты моделирования показывают, что средняя энергия прямых нейтронов от головки ускорителя составляют порядка 0,5 МэВ, а энергия рассеянных нейтронов от стен снижается до тепловой (0,025 эВ). Дозовые нагрузки от нейтронов на персонал во время работы ускорителя значительно меньше допустимых уровней облучения.
Склонность и готовность к риску. Восприятие риска офицером-спасателем в условиях чрезвычайной ситуации
Authors: Врублевский Андрей
Published: April 2019

Рассмотрены подходы к пониманию риска и отношения к риску, как в обычной жизни, так и в условиях чрезвычайной ситуации. Отмечено существенное различие понятий «готовность к риску» и «склонность к риску» для их применения к профессиональной деятельности спасателя. Выделены предпосылки готовности и склонности к риску офицера-спасателя: объективные параметры ситуации, субъективное восприятие ситуации, качества и свойства личности, условия деятельности, жизненный и профессиональный опыт, мотивация достижения. Описаны различия в отношении к риску офицера-спасателя и обычного человека в условиях чрезвычайной ситуации. Отмечены оптимальные уровни отношения к риску спасателя для успешной деятельности.
Международное сотрудничество Республики Беларусь в области обеспечения ядерной и радиационной безопасности
Authors: Трафимчик Зоя , Соболев Олег Владимирович
Published: April 2019

Проанализированы вопросы развития международного сотрудничества Республики Беларусь в области обеспечения ядерной и радиационной безопасности в контексте реализации первой ядерной энергетической программы на двусторонней и многосторонней основе, выполнения страновых обязательств в рамках международных конвенций, соглашений и договоров, использования передового международного опыта, наработок и рекомендаций для совершенствования системы ядерной и радиационной безопасности в Беларуси.
Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome-Associated Genes Are Enriched in Motile Neural Crest Cells and Affect Craniofacial Development in Xenopus laevis
Authors: Mills Alexandra , Bearce Elizabeth , Cella Rachael , Kim Seung Woo , Selig Megan , Lee Sangmook , Lowery Laura Anne
Published: April 2019

Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome (WHS) is a human developmental disorder arising from a hemizygous perturbation, typically a microdeletion, on the short arm of chromosome four. In addition to pronounced intellectual disability, seizures, and delayed growth, WHS presents with a characteristic facial dysmorphism and varying prevalence of microcephaly, micrognathia, cartilage malformation in the ear and nose, and facial asymmetries. These affected craniofacial tissues all derive from a shared embryonic precursor, the cranial neural crest (CNC), inviting the hypothesis that one or more WHS-affected genes may be critical regulators of neural crest development or migration. To explore this, we characterized expression of multiple genes within or immediately proximal to defined WHS critical regions, across the span of craniofacial development in the vertebrate model systemXenopus laevis. This subset of genes,whsc1,whsc2,letm1, andtacc3, are diverse in their currently-elucidated cellular functions; yet we find that their expression demonstrates shared tissue-specific enrichment within the anterior neural tube, migratory neural crest, and later craniofacial structures. We examine the ramifications of this by characterizing craniofacial development and neural crest migration following individual gene depletion. We observe that several WHS-associated genes significantly impact facial patterning, cartilage formation, neural crest motilityin vivoandin vitro, and can separately contribute to forebrain scaling. Thus, we have determined that numerous genes within and surrounding the defined WHS critical regions potently impact craniofacial patterning, suggesting their role in WHS presentation may stem from essential functions during neural crest-derived tissue formation.
Reseña del Libro: “La Práctica de la Terapia Sistémica” de Alicia Moreno (Ed.). Editorial Declée de Brouwer (2018)
Authors: Moggia Danilo
Published: April 2019

Es una recensión de libro.
Imbalanced Soil Chemical Properties and Mineral Nutrition in Relation to Growth and Yield Decline of Sesame on Different Continuously Cropped Upland Fields Converted Paddy
Authors: Wacal Cosmas , Ogata Naoki , Basalirwa Daniel , Sasagawa Daisuke , Ishigaki Tadashi , Handa Takuo , Kato Masako , Tenywa Moses Makooma , Masunaga Tsugiyuki , Yamamoto Sadahiro , Nishihara Eiji
Published: April 2019

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an important oilseed crop, but is negatively affected by continuous cropping. There is still a lack of information on the effect of continuous cropping on soil chemical properties and mineral nutrition related to sesame growth and yield decline. Therefore, we investigated sesame growth and yield, nutrient concentration and soil chemical properties on five fields with continuous cropping history: non-continuous cropping (Year 0) and durations of two, four, five and six years on an upland field converted paddy in Tottori, Japan. Results show that plant height significantly decreased by 18.76%, 15.22%, and 13.64% in the Year 4, Year 5 and Year 6 fields, respectively, compared to Year 0. The effect of continuous cropping was more pronounced on the 1000-seed weight decline than seed yield. Compared to Year 0, seed yield decreased by 52.86% in Year 2 with no significant differences among the Year 2, Year 4, Year 5 and Year 6 fields, whereas the 1000-seed weight decreased by 6.68% and 12.20% in the Year 2 and Year 5 fields, respectively, compared to Year 0. Plant leaf tissue N concentration significantly decreased in the Year 2, Year 4 and Year 6 fields compared to Year 0, whereas leaf tissue K concentration decreased in the Year 6 field. The increase in duration of continuous cropping years gradually altered soil chemical properties. Soil pH, exchangeable Ca and Mg and cation exchange capacity (CEC) gradually increased in the long duration of continuous cropping, whereas total N and C, exchangeable NH4+-N, urease, dehydrogenase and catalase activities decreased. Our study suggested that the decrease in soil available N and enzyme activities, and decrease in K nutrition due to competitive ion effect as a result of increase in soil Ca and Mg could possibly contribute to the growth and yield decline of continuous sesame on upland field converted paddy.
Ethephon Improved Stalk Strength of Maize (Zea Mays L.) Mainly through Altering Internode Morphological Traits to Modulate Mechanical Properties under Field Conditions
Authors: Zhang Yushi , Wang Yubin , Ye Delian , Wang Wei , Qiu Xinming , Duan Liusheng , Li Zhaohu , Zhang Mingcai
Published: April 2019

Stalk strength is critical for reducing maize stalk lodging and maintaining grain yield. Ethephon has been widely applied to molding compact plant-type to reduce the lodging risk in maize production. However, there is little information on how ethephon regulates internode mechanical properties to improve maize stalk strength. Multiyear field experiments (2013–2017) were conducted to determine the effects of foliar-applied ethephon on summer maize internode morphological, chemical and mechanical characteristics. The hypothetical structural equation model was used to analyze the contribution of ethephon-induced changes of internode morphological and chemical traits to stalk mechanical strength. Ethephon significantly reduced the basal internode length, while increasing internode diameters and breaking resistance. Meanwhile, ethephon significantly increased the ratio of structural dry matter to total dry matter and the amount of structural dry matter per unit length and volume. Mechanical assays suggested that ethephon significantly altered geometric properties and increased the maximum bending moment, maximum failure force, while depressing the material properties. Furthermore, correlation and path analyses revealed strong correlations and significant contribution of internode morphological properties to stalk mechanical strength, respectively. These results support the conclusion that ethephon-induced morphology alteration played a major role in improving maize internode strength.
Propane Flaming as a New Approach to Control Mediterranean Invasive Weeds
Authors: Horesh Alon , Goldwasser Yaakov , Igbariya Karam , Peleg Zvi , Lati Ran Nisim
Published: April 2019

In recent decades, anthropogenic activity and climate changes have reshaped global weed dispersal and establishment in new territories. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of propane flaming approach in the control of perennial invasive and native Mediterranean broadleaf and grass weeds. The invasive weeds, Cyperus rotundus, Sorghum halepense, and Ecballium elaterium, were treated multiple times with a single propane dose (2.5 kg propane km−1), using the broadcast technique. The local annual weeds, Sinapis arvensis, Lavatera trimestris, and Avena sativa, were treated once at five propane doses (0–2.5 kg propane km−1), using the cross-row technique. Dose-response analysis was performed. Three applications provided effective control (up to >90%) for all tested perennials, and affected seed and flower production in Sorghum halepense and Ecballium elaterium, respectively. However, the timing of the sequential application had a significant impact on the degree of control, in terms of dry weight reduction and seed production. Weed density had an impact on control efficacy but was only a significant determinant for Ecballium elaterium. Cross-row application was effective during early growth stages of broadleaf weeds (ED50 < 1.2 kg propane km−1), but was less effective during later growth stages (ED50 > 2.6 kg propane km−1). For grass weeds, both early and late application were ineffective (ED50 > 4.1 kg propane km−1). More research is needed to optimize this weed control tactic for various cropping systems and weed species. Implementation of this novel approach into integrated weed management programs will increase the control efficacy of invasive weed under the projected climate changes and reduce the evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds.
Replacing Soybean Meal with Sesame Meal in the Diets of Lactating Awassi Ewes Suckling Single Lambs: Nutrient Digestibility, Milk Production, and Lamb Growth
Authors: Obeidat Belal S. , Kridli Rami T. , Mahmoud Kamel Z. , Obeidat Mohammed D. , Haddad Serhan G. , Subih Hadil S. , Ata Mysaa , Al-Jamal Ahmed E. , Abu Ghazal Tasneem , Al-Khazáleh Jáfar Mansur
Published: April 2019

Two experiments were conducted to assess the influence of sesame meal (SM) feeding on nutrient digestibility, N balance, milk production and composition, ewes’ body weight change, and growth performance of lambs. In experiment 1, 18 ewe lambs were randomly distributed into three diets to evaluate the effects of soybean meal replacement with SM on nutrient intake, digestibility, and N balance. Treatments were no SM (SM0), 7.5% SM (SM7.5), or 15% SM (SM15) of the dietary dry matter (DM). Aside from intake and digestibility of ether extract (EE), which was greater in the SM-containing diets compared with SM0, intake and digestibility of the remaining nutrients was similar among dietary treatments. In experiment 2, 30 ewes suckling single lambs were randomly assigned to the same diets used in experiment 1. Intakes of DM, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber were unaffected by treatment. Milk yield was greater in SM diets than in the SM0 diet. Cost/kg of milk production decreased while feed efficiency improved in the SM-diets compared to the SM0 diet. In conclusion, results of the current studies demonstrate the possibility of replacing soybean meal with sesame meal in diets of lactating Awassi ewes.
MIFT: A Moment-Based Local Feature Extraction Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Hua-Zhen , Kim Dong-Won , Kang Tae-Koo , Lim Myo-Taeg
Published: April 2019

We propose a local feature descriptor based on moment. Although conventional scale invariant feature transform (SIFT)-based algorithms generally use difference of Gaussian (DoG) for feature extraction, they remain sensitive to more complicated deformations. To solve this problem, we propose MIFT, an invariant feature transform algorithm based on the modified discrete Gaussian-Hermite moment (MDGHM). Taking advantage of MDGHM’s high performance to represent image information, MIFT uses an MDGHM-based pyramid for feature extraction, which can extract more distinctive extrema than the DoG, and MDGHM-based magnitude and orientation for feature description. We compared the proposed MIFT method performance with current best practice methods for six image deformation types, and confirmed that MIFT matching accuracy was superior of other SIFT-based methods.
IMU-Aided High-Frequency Lidar Odometry for Autonomous Driving
Authors: Xue Hanzhang , Fu Hao , Dai Bin
Published: April 2019

For autonomous driving, it is important to obtain precise and high-frequency localization information. This paper proposes a novel method in which the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), wheel encoder, and lidar odometry are utilized together to estimate the ego-motion of an unmanned ground vehicle. The IMU is fused with the wheel encoder to obtain the motion prior, and it is involved in three levels of the lidar odometry: Firstly, we use the IMU information to rectify the intra-frame distortion of the lidar scan, which is caused by the vehicle’s own movement; secondly, the IMU provides a better initial guess for the lidar odometry; and thirdly, the IMU is fused with the lidar odometry in an Extended Kalman filter framework. In addition, an efficient method for hand–eye calibration between the IMU and the lidar is proposed. To evaluate the performance of our method, extensive experiments are performed and our system can output stable, accurate, and high-frequency localization results in diverse environment without any prior information.
Low Frequency Sound Absorption by Optimal Combination Structure of Porous Metal and Microperforated Panel
Authors: Shen Xinmin , Bai Panfeng , Yang Xiaocui , Zhang Xiaonan , To Sandy
Published: April 2019

The combination structure of a porous metal and microperforated panel was optimized to develop a low frequency sound absorber. Theoretical models were constructed by the transfer matrix method based on the Johnson—Champoux—Allard model and Maa’s theory. Parameter optimizations of the sound absorbers were conducted by Cuckoo search algorithm. The sound absorption coefficients of the combination structures were verified by finite element simulation and validated by standing wave tube measurement. The experimental data was consistent with the theoretical and simulation data, which proved the efficiency, reliability, and accuracy of the constructed theoretical sound absorption model and finite element model. The actual average sound absorption coefficient of the microperforated panel + cavity + porous metal + cavity sound absorber in the 100–1800 Hz range reached 62.9615% and 73.5923%, respectively, when the limited total thickness was 30 mm and 50 mm. The excellent low frequency sound absorbers obtained can be used in the fields of acoustic environmental protection and industrial noise reduction.
Extraction Efficiency of a Commercial Espresso Machine Compared to a Stainless-Steel Column Pressurized Hot Water Extraction (PHWE) System for the Determination of 23 Pharmaceuticals, Antibiotics and Hormones in Sewage Sludge
Authors: Svahn Ola , Björklund Erland
Published: April 2019

Two green chemistry extraction systems, an in-house stainless-steel column Pressurized Hot Water Extraction system (PHWE) and a commercially available Espresso machine were applied for analysing 23 active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in sewage sludge. Final analysis was performed on UPLC-MS/MS using two different chromatographic methods: acid and basic. When analysing all 23 APIs in sewage sludge both extraction methods showed good repeatability. The PHWE method allowed for a more complete extraction of APIs that were more tightly bound to the matrix, as exemplified by much higher concentrations of e.g., ketoconazole, citalopram and ciprofloxacin. In total, 19 out of 23 investigated APIs were quantified in sewage sludge, and with a few exceptions the PHWE method was more exhaustive. Mean absolute recoveries of 7 spiked labelled APIs were lower for the PHWE method than the Espresso method. Under acid chromatographic conditions mean recoveries were 16% and 24%, respectively, but increased to 24% and 37% under basic conditions. The difference between the PHWE method and the Espresso method might be interpreted as the Espresso method giving higher extraction efficiency; however, TIC scans of extracts revealed a much higher matrix co-extraction for the PHWE method. Attempts were made to correlate occurrence of compounds in sewage sludge with chemical properties of the 23 APIs and there are strong indications that both the number of aromatic rings and the presence of a positive charge is important for the sorption processes to sewage sludge.
Solution-Based Synthesis and Processing of Metal Chalcogenides for Thermoelectric Applications
Authors: Shah Kwok Wei , Wang Su-Xi , Zheng Yun , Xu Jianwei
Published: April 2019

Metal chalcogenide materials are current mainstream thermoelectric materials with high conversion efficiency. This review provides an overview of the scalable solution-based methods for controllable synthesis of various nanostructured and thin-film metal chalcogenides, as well as their properties for thermoelectric applications. Furthermore, the state-of-art ink-based processing method for fabrication of thermoelectric generators based on metal chalcogenides is briefly introduced. Finally, the perspective on this field with regard to material production and device development is also commented upon.
Multi Objective for PMU Placement in Compressed Distribution Network Considering Cost and Accuracy of State Estimation
Authors: Kong Xiangyu , Wang Yuting , Yuan Xiaoxiao , Yu Li
Published: April 2019

A phasor measurement unit (PMU) can provide phasor measurements to the distribution network to improve observability. Based on pre-configuration and existing measurements, a network compression method is proposed to reduce PMU candidate locations. Taking the minimum number of PMUs and the lowest state estimation error as the objective functions and taking full observability of distribution network as the constraint, a multi objective model of optimal PMU placement (OPP) is proposed. A hybrid state estimator based on supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) and PMU measurements is proposed. To reduce the number of PMUs required for full observability, SCADA measurement data are also considered into the constraint by update and equivalent. In addition, a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) is applied to solve the model to get the Pareto set. Finally, the optimal solution is selected from the Pareto set by the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by IEEE standard bus systems.
Noise Reduction Using Active Vibration Control Methods in CAD/CAM Dental Milling Machines
Authors: Song Eun-Sung , Lim Young-Jun , Kim Bongju , Mun Jeffery Sungjae
Published: April 2019

Used in close proximity to dental practitioners, dental tools and devices, such as hand pieces, have been a possible risk factor to hearing loss due to the noises they produce. Recently, additional technologies such as CAD/CAM (Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing) milling machines have been used in the dental environment and have emerged as a new contributing noise source. This has created an issue in fostering a pleasant hospital environment. Currently, because of issues with installing and manufacturing noise-reducing products, the technology is impractical and insufficient relative to its costly nature. In this experiment, in order to create a safe working environment, we hoped to analyze the noise produced and determine a practical method to attenuate the noises coming from CAD/CAM dental milling machines. In this research, the cause for a noise and the noise characteristics were analyzed by observing and measuring the sound from a milling machine and the possibility of reducing noise in an experimental setting was examined using a noise recorded from a real milling machine. Since a milling machine generates noise mainly due to vibration of the dust collector, the possibility of reducing noise was examined by controlling vibration. This study was conducted to understand the cause for noise from the milling machine and verify the possibility of improving noise by a tactile transducer.
Optimization of Salix Carbonation Solid Acid Catalysts for One-Step Synthesis by Response Surface Method
Authors: Lu Ping , Wang Kebing , Gong Juhui
Published: April 2019

Salix carboniferous solid acid catalysts were successfully obtained via one-step carbonization and sulfonation of Salix psammophila in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid, which was then used in the esterification reaction between oleic acid and methanol to prepare the biodiesel. The esterification rate of the catalyst obtained from the reaction indicated the catalytic performance of the catalyst. Afterwards, the recycling performance of the catalyst was optimized and characterized based on Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The catalyst performance was examined and optimized through the response surface method, and the catalyst was determined and characterized based on scanning electron microscope (SEM), elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and infrared analysis. The results suggested that the optimal preparation conditions were as follows: reaction temperature of 125 °C, reaction time of 102 min, solid–liquid ratio of 17 g/100 mL, standing time of 30 min, and the highest conversion level of 94.15%.
Examination of Multi-Pulse Rectifiers of PES Systems Used on Airplanes Compliant with the Concept of Electrified Aircraft
Authors: Setlak Lucjan , Kowalik Rafał
Published: April 2019

This article focuses on power electronic multi-pulse 12-, 24- and 36-impulse rectifiers based on multi-winding rectifier transformers. The effectiveness of voltage processing with different variants of supply voltage sources is discussed and arguments are formulated for limiting oneself to 24-pulse processing, which is used in the latest technological solutions of modern aviation technology. The main purpose of this article is to conduct a study (analysis, mathematical models, simulations) of selected multi-pulse rectifiers in the context of testing their properties in relation to the impact on the electrified power supply network. The secondary objective of the article is to assess the possibility of using Matlab/Simulink to analyze the work of rectifier circuits implemented in aircraft networks compliant with the more/all electric aircraft (MEA/AEA) concept. The simulation tests included designing a typical auto-transformer rectifier unit (ATRU) system in the Simulink program and generating output voltage waveforms in this program in the absence of damage to the rectifier elements. In the final part of this work, based on a critical analysis of the literature on the subject of the study, simulations were made of exemplary rectifiers in the Matlab/Simulink programming environment along with their brief analysis. Practical conclusions resulting from the implementation of the MEA/AEA concept in modern aviation were formulated.
Using ANN and SVM for the Detection of Acoustic Emission Signals Accompanying Epoxy Resin Electrical Treeing
Authors: Dobrzycki Arkadiusz , Mikulski Stanisław , Opydo Władysław
Published: April 2019

Electrical treeing is one of the effects of partial discharges in the solid insulation of high-voltage electrical insulating systems. The process involves the formation of conductive channels inside the dielectric. Acoustic emission (AE) is a method of partial discharge detection and measurement, which belongs to the group of non-destructive methods. If electrical treeing is detected, the measurement, recording, and analysis of signals, which accompany the phenomenon, become difficult due to the low signal-to-noise ratio and possible multiple signal reflections from the boundaries of the object. That is why only selected signal parameters are used for the detection and analysis of the phenomenon. A detailed analysis of various acoustic emission signals is a complex and time-consuming process. It has inspired the search for new methods of identifying the symptoms related to partial discharge in the recorded signal. Bearing in mind that a similar signal is searched, denoting a signal with similar characteristics, the use of artificial neural networks seems pertinent. The paper presents an effort to automate the process of insulation material condition identification based on neural classifiers. An attempt was made to develop a neural classifier that enables the detection of the symptoms in the recorded acoustic emission signals, which are evidence of treeing. The performed studies assessed the efficiency with which different artificial neural networks (ANN) are able to detect treeing-related signals and the appropriate selection of such input parameters as statistical indicators or analysis windows. The feedforward network revealed the highest classification efficiency among all analyzed networks. Moreover, the use of primary component analysis helps to reduce the teaching data to one variable at a classification efficiency of up to 1%.
Comparison of the Pullout Strength of Pedicle Screws According to the Thread Design for Various Degrees of Bone Quality
Authors: Shen Feng , Kim Ho-Joong , Kang Kyoung-Tak , Yeom Jin S.
Published: April 2019

Although dual-threaded pedicle screws have been developed, the advantages over single-threaded screws remain controversial. We aimed to investigate the biomechanical performance of two types of dual-threaded pedicle screw by comparing their pullout strength with that of a single-threaded screw in relation to bone quality. Four types of pedicle screw with different thread patterns were designed. Type I: single-threaded screw; Type II: double-threaded screw; Type III: dual-threaded screw; Type IV: a newly designed double dual-threaded screw. Five types of polyurethane foams simulating various degrees of bone quality were used. These were: Type A: cancellous bone; Type B: cancellous bone with cortical bone in the upper margin; Type C: osteoporotic cancellous bone; Type D: osteoporotic cancellous bone with cortical bone in the upper margin; and Type E: osteoporotic bone with cortical bone in the upper and lower margins. A comparison of the pullout strength of Type I, II, and III screws in Type A, B, C and D bone specimens was performed. Type C and E bone specimens were used for comparisons among Type I, II, and IV screws. Compared to the single-threaded screw, the dual-threaded pedicle screws exhibited higher pullout strength in normal-quality bone and significantly lower pullout strength in compromised osteoporotic bone. However, the double dual-threaded screw exhibited better pullout biomechanics in osteoporotic bone with bi-cortical bone.
Deep Learning in the Biomedical Applications: Recent and Future Status
Authors: Zemouri Ryad , Zerhouni Noureddine , Racoceanu Daniel
Published: April 2019

Deep neural networks represent, nowadays, the most effective machine learning technology in biomedical domain. In this domain, the different areas of interest concern the Omics (study of the genome—genomics—and proteins—transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics), bioimaging (study of biological cell and tissue), medical imaging (study of the human organs by creating visual representations), BBMI (study of the brain and body machine interface) and public and medical health management (PmHM). This paper reviews the major deep learning concepts pertinent to such biomedical applications. Concise overviews are provided for the Omics and the BBMI. We end our analysis with a critical discussion, interpretation and relevant open challenges.
Experimental Study of Steel Reinforced Concrete (SRC) Joints
Authors: Montava Isaac , Irles Ramón , Pomares Juan Carlos , Gonzalez Antonio
Published: April 2019

This research analyzes the solution of reinforced concrete joints reinforced with steel sections, known as steel reinforced concrete (SRC). The aim is to verify the improvement of the ductile characteristics of steel reinforced concrete structures compared to conventional reinforced concrete structures. Another objective is to better understand the experimental behavior and thus be able to perform numerical simulations adjusted with the experimental ones. In addition, the behavior of reinforced concrete structures in all the bars with steel sections is compared with others in which only the joints are reinforced to obtain more efficient and economical structures. All these objectives have the main purpose of improving the behavior of structures against seismic loads. Five specimens of concrete joints with reinforced with steel were tested with cyclic loads to analyze their behavior. The strength superposition method can predict the shear strength. The results obtained confirm the greater capacity of absorption of energy of the structures with sections of steel embedded compared with the structures of conventional reinforced concrete, with greater ductility when facing large displacements.
A Graphical Analysis Method of Guided Wave Modes in Rails
Authors: Xu Xining , Xing Bo , Zhuang Lu , Shi Hongmei , Zhu Liqiang
Published: April 2019

The cross-section of a rail has a complex geometry, and there are many propagating modes of ultrasonic guided waves in a rail. The analysis of mode shapes or the cross-sectional wave structure is of high significance to the design of an appropriate wave excitation approach for long-range defect detection of a rail. Traditionally, the semi-analytical finite elements (SAFE) method is used to obtain ultrasonic guided waves’ dispersion curves of a rail. Then, through solving the eigenvectors, it is able to calculate the displacement values of discrete nodes in three degrees of freedom (DOFs) and further obtain the wave structures. In this paper, a graphical analysis method of guided wave mode shapes is proposed. The displacements of each node in three DOFs are converted into Red Green Blue (RGB) image pixels, and the complex vibration vector data is expressed by an image. Therefore, the graphical analysis of mode shapes can be realized by using conventional image processing methods without the design of special data processing algorithms. This will improve the processing efficiency, and it is more intuitive and easier to analyze the vibration displacements represented by the image. The simulation results show that the proposed graphical analysis method can quickly and precisely locate the excitation position of the guided wave mode in the rail. By adopting image processing methods, such as the K-means clustering algorithm, the guided wave modes at a 35 kHz frequency in a rail are classified according to their mode shapes. Classification is essential for exploring the relations and fundamentals of vibrations in modes. The graphical analysis method proposed in this paper provides a novel method for the mode analysis of guided waves in rails.
Targeted Advertising for Women in Athenian Vase-Painting of the Fifth Century BCE
Authors: Bennett Danielle Smotherman
Published: April 2019

This paper analyzes the trends in depictions of women in Athenian vase-painting during the 5th century BCE through an examination of approximately 88,000 vases in the Beazley Archive Pottery Database. It found a 15% increase in depictions of women during the 5th century BCE and a diversification in subject matter in which women appear. By considering these trends within the historical context of the hegemonic position of Athens in the Delian League and its wars, this paper proposes that the changes in representations and subject matter denote an expanded marketability of vases to female viewers. As targeted imagery, the images give perceptible recognition to an increased valuation of women’s work and lives at a time when their roles in Athenian society were essential for the continued success of the city-state. This paper suggests that these changes also point to the fact that a greater share of the market was influenced by women, either directly or indirectly, and successful artists carefully crafted targeted advertisements on their wares to attract that group. This paper provides new insights into the relationships between vases and their intended audiences within the context of the cultural changes occurring in Athens itself.
Spatial Characteristics of Deep-Developed Boundary Layers and Numerical Simulation Applicability over Arid and Semi-Arid Regions in Northwest China
Authors: Ma Minjin , Tan Ziyuan , Ding Fan , Chen Yue , Yang Yi
Published: April 2019

The spatial distribution and long-time variation of the deep-developed boundary layer are not well understood in arid and semi-arid regions of northwest China. ERA-Interim (ECMWF Reanalysis data, ECMWF: European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) were used to study the deep-developed boundary layer in the five representative areas in summer and then the Weather Research Forecast (WRF) model was applied to simulate and verify its applicability. The results show that the boundary layer heights in the five representative areas are higher in late spring and summer (the highest is 2485~3502 m in June) and lower in autumn, winter and early spring (the lowest is 758~907 m in December). The seasonal variations of the boundary layer height are smaller at 02:00 BJT and 08:00 BJT, while the variations are relatively larger at 14:00 BJT and 20:00 BJT. The atmospheric boundary layer, with heights over 4000 m, generally exists in late spring and summer. The boundary layer heights are higher in the arid region than in the semi-arid region and the deep-developed boundary layer lasts longer in the arid region. The boundary layer heights present reductions from the northwest to the southeast, except for Minqin in the middle north. The numerical simulation results show that there is a significant difference between different combinations of parameterization schemes to simulate the deep-developed boundary layer in these areas. The combination Goddard+SLAB+ACM2 performs better in the extreme arid area, Dunhuang, and the arid areas, Jiuquan and Minqin, whereas the simulation effect of the combination Dudhia+Noah+ACM2 is better in the semi-arid areas, Yuzhong and Lanzhou. The difference between the schemes is related to the determination of the boundary layer height.
Periodic Solution and Asymptotic Stability for the Magnetohydrodynamic Equations with Inhomogeneous Boundary Condition
Authors: Kondrashuk Igor , Notte-Cuello Eduardo , Poblete-Cantellano Mariano , Rojas-Medar Marko
Published: April 2019

We show, using the spectral Galerkin method together with compactness arguments, the existence and uniqueness of the periodic strong solutions for the magnetohydrodynamic-type equations with inhomogeneous boundary conditions. Furthermore, we study the asymptotic stability for the time periodic solution for this system. In particular, when the magnetic field h ( x , t ) is zero, we obtain the existence, uniqueness, and asymptotic behavior of the strong solutions to the Navier–Stokes equations with inhomogeneous boundary conditions.