bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maternal depression and mother–child interaction patterns: association with toddler problems and continuity of effects to late childhood
Authors: Leckman‐Westin Emily , Cohen Patricia R. , Stueve Ann
Published: May 2009

Objective:  Increased behavior problems have been reported in offspring of mothers with depression. In‐home observations link maternal depressive symptoms (MDS) and mother–child interaction patterns with toddler behavior problems and examine their persistence into late childhood.

Method:  Maternal characteristics (N = 153) and behaviors of two‐year‐old offspring (N = 215) were assessed in families from a randomly selected population cohort. Maternal self‐reported depressive symptoms and observed maternal–toddler interaction patterns were evaluated as risks for toddler problem behaviors. Follow‐up CBCL assessments about a decade later assessed persistence of effects identified in the toddler data.

Results:  Maternal negativity toward her toddler was related to toddler problems, regardless of maternal depressive symptoms. MDS in combination with positive mother–toddler interaction showed only marginal ill effects on toddler offspring and no long‐term effects. Depressive symptoms of less responsive/emotion teaching dyads were related to offspring tantrums and to mother and observer rated fearfulness, independent of family contextual risks. Analyses of Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) problem scales obtained on these children in late childhood showed persistent effects similar to those shown at the younger age.

Conclusions:  In sum, these findings suggest that for mothers with high levels of depressive symptoms, demonstrations of affection and responsiveness to toddler offspring may mitigate both current and long‐term consequences on offspring behavior.
Tonic blood pressure modulates the relationship between baroreceptor cardiac reflex sensitivity and cognitive performance
Authors: Reyes Del Paso Gustavo A. , González M. Isabel , Hernández José Antonio , Duschek Stefan , Gutiérrez Nicolás
Published: May 2009

This study explored the effects of tonic blood pressure on the association between baroreceptor cardiac reflex sensitivity and cognitive performance. Sixty female participants completed a mental arithmetic task. Baroreceptor reflex sensitivity was assessed using sequence analysis. An interaction was found, indicating that the relationship between baroreceptor reflex sensitivity and cognitive performance is modulated by blood pressure levels. Reflex sensitivity was inversely associated to performance indices in the subgroup of participants with systolic blood pressure above the mean, whereas the association was positive in participants with systolic values below the mean. These results are in accordance with the findings in the field of pain perception and suggest that tonic blood pressure modulates the inhibitory effects of baroreceptor stimulation on high central nervous functions.
A probiotic strain of Escherichia coli, Nissle 1917, given orally exerts local and systemic anti‐inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide‐induced sepsis in mice
Authors: Arribas B , Rodríguez‐Cabezas ME , Camuesco D , Comalada M , Bailón E , Utrilla P , Nieto A , Concha A , Zarzuelo A , Gálvez J
Published: May 2009

Background and purpose:  Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 is a probiotic strain used in the treatment of intestinal immune diseases, including ulcerative colitis. The aim of the present study was to test if this probiotic bacterium can also show systemic immunomodulatory properties after oral administration.

Experimental approach:  The probiotic strain was administered to rats or mice for 2 weeks before its assay in two experimental models of altered immune response, the trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS) model of rat colitis, localized in the colon, and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model of systemic septic shock in mice. Inflammatory status was evaluated both macroscopically and biochemically after 1 week in the TNBS model or after 24 h in the LPS shock model. In addition, splenocytes were obtained from mice and stimulated, ex vivo, with concanavalin A or LPS to activate T or B cells, respectively, and cytokine production (IL‐2, IL‐5 and IL‐10) by T cells and IgG secretion by B cells measured.

Key results:  E. coli Nissle 1917 was anti‐inflammatory in both models of altered immune response. This included a reduction in the pro‐inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor‐α both in the intestine from colitic rats, and in plasma and lungs in mice treated with LPS. The systemic beneficial effect was associated with inhibited production of the T cell cytokines and by down‐regulation of IgG release from splenocyte‐derived B cells.

Conclusions and implications:  The anti‐inflammatory effects of E. coli Nissle 1917 given orally were not restricted to the gastrointestinal tract.
Blood Glucose Level, Alcohol Heavy Drinking, and Alcohol Craving During Treatment for Alcohol Dependence: Results From the Combined Pharmacotherapies and Behavioral Interventions for Alcohol Dependence (COMBINE) Study
Authors: Leggio Lorenzo , Ray Lara A. , Kenna George A. , Swift Robert M.
Published: May 2009

Background:  Heavy drinking may increase blood glucose levels. Moreover, in alcohol‐dependent subjects, glucose may play a putative role in alcohol preference.

Methods:  This study investigated the relationship between blood glucose levels and both alcohol heavy drinking and craving in alcohol‐dependent subjects participating in the COMBINE Study. The primary objective was to evaluate the relationship between baseline (pretreatment) glucose levels and percentage of heavy drinking day (PHDD) during treatment. The secondary objective was to evaluate the relationship between glucose levels, baseline PHDD, and craving measured by the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS).

Results:  This analysis consisted of 1,324 participants. Baseline glucose levels were significantly and positively associated with PHDD during treatment [F(1, 1225) = 5.21, p = 0.023], after controlling for baseline PHDD [F(1, 1225) = 36.25, p < 0.0001], gender [F (1, 1225) = 3.33, p = 0.07], and body mass index (BMI) [F(1, 1225) = 0.31, p = 0.58]. Higher glucose levels at baseline were associated with a higher percentage of PHDD at pretreatment [F(1, 1304) = 5.96, p = 0.015], after controlling for gender [F(1, 1304) = 0.29, p = 0.59] and BMI [F(1, 1304) = 0.90, p = 0.34]. Glucose was not significantly associated with the OCDS total score [F(1, 1304) = 0.12, p = 0.73], the OCDS Obsessive subscale [F(1, 1304) = 0.35, p = 0.56], or the OCDS Compulsive subscale [F(1, 1304) = 1.19, p = 0.28] scores, after controlling for gender and BMI.

Discussion:  A link between pretreatment glucose levels and heavy drinking during treatment was found, suggesting a role of glucose in predicting heavy alcohol consumption. Although caution is needed in the interpretation of these results, elevated glucose and heavy drinking may be affected by a common mechanism and manipulations affecting glucose regulation may influence alcohol consumption.
Real Time Three‐Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography‐Guided Placement of Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Device
Authors: Brinkman Vincent , Kalbfleisch Steven , Auseon Alex , Pu Min
Published: May 2009

real time three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3D TEE) is a novel imaging technique whose full utility is still being evaluated. We present a case utilizing 3D TEE for percutaneous placement of a left atrial appendage occlusion device. This evolving technology has potential application in other cardiovascular interventional procedures.
Discrimination of Falls and Blows in Blunt Head Trauma: Assessment of Predictability Through Combined Criteria*
Authors: Kremer Célia , Sauvageau Anny
Published: May 2009

Abstract:  The discrimination of falls from homicidal blows in blunt head injuries is a common but difficult problem in both forensic anthropology and pathology. Three criteria have been previously proposed for this distinction: the hat brim line rule, side lateralization of fractures, and number of lacerations. The aim of the present study was to achieve a better distinction rate by combining those criteria and assess the predictability of these combined criteria tools. Over a 6‐year period, a total of 114 cases (92 males and 22 females) were studied: 21 cases of downstairs falls, 29 cases of falls from one’s own height, and 64 cases of head trauma by a blunt weapon. The results revealed predictability rates varying from 62.5 to 83.3% for criteria pointing towards a fall. As for combined criteria in favor of a blow, the assumption was accurate in all cases (100%).
Age at Death Estimation Using Multislice Computed Tomography Reconstructions of the Posterior Pelvis*
Authors: Barrier Pierre , Dedouit Fabrice , Braga José , Joffre Francis , Rougé Daniel , Rousseau Hervé , Telmon Norbert
Published: May 2009

Abstract:  Thanks to recent advances, computed tomography is now seen as a tool of great value in the field of physical anthropology. In this study, we focused on the posterior pelvis and the auricular surface and evaluated the accuracy of 3D reconstructions of the auricular surface, using a methodology derived from a previous study by Lovejoy et al. We also looked for trabecular bone criteria expressing age‐related changes. Forty‐six coxal bones were scanned, and scoring of macroscopic criteria showed a good agreement between 3D reconstructions and photographs, especially for transverse organization (k = 0.90). The changes occurring in the posterior part of the sacropubic trabecular bundle were evaluated on CT reconstructions via three new criteria, which exhibited a good intra‐ and inter‐observer agreement (k = 0.77–0.89), and were particularly useful in identifying older subjects. We concluded that these CT‐evaluated trabecular bone criteria are promising and yield useful information about age at death.
Baseline cortisol measures and developmental pathways of anxiety in early adolescence
Authors: Greaves‐Lord K. , Huizink A. C. , Oldehinkel A. J. , Ormel J. , Verhulst F. C. , Ferdinand R. F.
Published: May 2009

Objective:  This study investigated whether baseline cortisol measures predicted future anxiety, and compared cortisol values of groups with different developmental pathways of anxiety.

Method:  Cortisol levels were assessed in 1768 individuals (10–12 years). Anxiety levels were assessed at the same age and 2 years later.

Results:  Cortisol measures did not predict future anxiety levels. Individuals with persistent anxiety problems did not show higher morning cortisol levels than those with persistently low, decreasing, or increasing anxiety levels. Instead, individuals with persistently high anxiety levels showed significantly lower evening cortisol levels than all other individuals. Further, participants with increasing anxiety levels showed higher morning cortisol levels (area under the curve; AUC) than individuals with persistently low anxiety levels.

Conclusion:  The extent to which the HPA‐axis – by itself – plays a role in the aetiology of anxiety is questionable. Interactions of the HPA‐axis with other biological or environmental factors may be more important.
Epidemiology of jellyfish stings reported to summer health centres in the Salento peninsula (Italy)
Authors: De Donno Antonella , Idolo Adele , Bagordo Francesco
Published: May 2009

Background:  The presence of jellyfish along coasts constitutes a potentially serious public health problem because of the toxic effects of contact with them.

Objective:  To determine the epidemiology of jellyfish stings in the Province of Lecce, Italy, in 2007.

Methods:  The study involved the gathering and processing of data on patients seeking medical treatment at summer first aid centres and hospitals along the coast of Salento following contact with jellyfish.

Results:  In 2007, 446 bathers sought medical assistance following contact with jellyfish. The spatial distribution indicates a greater frequency of stings sustained along the Adriatic coast, while the time analysis shows patterns related to wind direction. Most of the injuries were seen in persons aged between 1 and 10 years and in females. In 24% of cases, injuries were sustained to several parts of the body, while single injuries were mainly to the lower limbs (33%). In 4.9% of cases, there were complications, including one case of anaphylactic shock.

Conclusion:  In the light of the significant level of medical assistance provided, there is a need to identify suitable strategies that will guarantee the best response in terms of both prevention and treatment.
Climate‐induced temporal variation in the productivity–diversity relationship
Authors: Laughlin Daniel C. , Moore Margaret M.
Published: May 2009

Spatial scales are known to influence the form of the productivity–diversity relationship, but less attention has been given to the influence of temporal scales. Interannual climatic variation in semi‐arid ponderosa pine–bunchgrass ecosystems causes significant year‐to‐year differences in herbaceous production. We hypothesized that unimodal (or ‘hump‐backed’) relationships would be detected between herbaceous production and species richness in wet years, whereas positive logarithmic relationships would be detected in dry years. We analyzed nine years of herbaceous production and species richness data and used Akaike's information criterion (AICc) to determine the weight of evidence for each model in each year. As predicted, species richness exhibited a unimodal relationship to herbaceous production in wet years; however, richness exhibited a logarithmic relationship with herbaceous production in dry years. These results suggest that competitive exclusion occurred within this semi‐arid plant community in years of high production when enough moisture was available to drive abundant plant growth. Thus, just as it is important to sample broad spatial variation in production to detect the full unimodal productivity–diversity relationship, it is also important to recognize that the full unimodal curve may be undetectable in less productive dry years in semi‐arid ecosystems.
Long‐term Administration of Rapamycin Reduces Adiposity, but Impairs Glucose Tolerance in High‐Fat Diet‐fed KK/HlJ Mice
Authors: Chang Geng‐Ruei , Wu Ying‐Ying , Chiu Yi‐Shin , Chen Wen‐Ying , Liao Jiunn‐Wang , Hsu Hong‐Ming , Chao Te‐Hsin , Hung Siu‐Wan , Mao Frank Chiahung
Published: May 2009

Abstract:  Rapamycin is an immunosuppressant drug used to prevent organ rejection in transplant patients. In this study, we investigated the metabolic effects of rapamycin in an obese animal model, KK/HlJ mice. Mice were treated with a daily intraperitoneal injection of rapamycin at 2 mg/kg or vehicle for 42 days on a high‐fat diet. Treated mice lost body weight and adiposity, reduced weight gain and retroperitoneal and epididymal fat pads/body weight, decreased serum leptin and plasma triglyceride levels and had lower liver fat concentration. However, treated mice had higher serum insulin levels and food intake. Dissection of rapamycin‐treated mice revealed a marked reduction in fatty liver scores and fat cell size in retroperitoneal and epididymal adipocytes. Moreover, Western blot analysis revealed that rapamycin treatment resulted in decreasing adipophilin expression, as a marker of lipid accumulation, and reducing phosphorylation of mTOR downstream targets S6K1 compared to control group. Unfortunately, rapamycin‐treated animals showed a marked decline in glucose tolerance as judged by the 180‐min. area under the curve for plasma glucose levels, paralleled by increased generation of plasma reactive oxygen species. These results suggest that continual rapamycin administration may help to prevent diet‐induced obesity, while prolonged use of rapamycin may exacerbate glucose intolerance.
Effects of Embelin on Lipid Peroxidation and Free Radical Scavenging Activity against Liver Damage in Rats
Authors: Singh Dharmendra , Singh Ruchi , Singh Pahup , Gupta Radhey S.
Published: May 2009

Abstract: The study aimed to evaluate the hepatic antioxidant capacity of embelin (from Embelia ribes) using different antioxidant tests, free radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation in albino rats. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) treatment to rats has been more susceptible to peroxidative damage through production of reactive metabolites, namely trichloromethyl‐free radicals (CCl?3 and/or CCl3OO?) as measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive species. After the induction of liver damage by CCl4 intoxication to rats, the concentration of lipid peroxidation was significantly (P ≤ 0.001) higher in liver and serum, along with concomitant decrease in the levels of antioxidants and cytochrome P450 enzyme in liver as compared to vehicle controls. The activities of marker enzymes – transaminases (AST, ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) – along with the total bilirubin and total protein levels were altered significantly (P ≤ 0.001) in the serum of CCl4‐treated rats. When these rats received embelin orally (25 mg/kg) from day 1 to day 15, peroxidative damage was minimal in both liver and serum along with effectively inducing the antioxidant potential in CCl4‐treated rats. The biochemical results were compared with the standard drug silymarin – a combination of flavonolignans of Silybum marianum and histology of liver sections. In conclusion, this study suggests that embelin acts as a natural antioxidant against hepatotoxicity induced in rats.
TRAINING AND TRANSFORMING STUDENTS THROUGH INTERDISCIPLINARY EDUCATION: THE INTERSECTION OF LAW AND PSYCHOLOGY
Authors: Applegate Amy G. , D'Onofrio Brian M. , Holtzworth‐Munroe Amy
Published: May 2009

This article describes a developing interdisciplinary approach to training legal students and psychology students at Indiana University–Bloomington (IU) to work at the intersection of their disciplines. The approach provides strong clinical training while emphasizing the necessity to scientifically evaluate interventions with separating couples. The training includes a combined academic course and clinical training program in divorce mediation offered through the IU Maurer School of Law, and a series of graduate‐level seminars and clinical practica through the IU Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences. The manuscript reviews the historical settings for the pedagogical approaches and interdisciplinary opportunities, details the offerings and rationale for the training components, and discusses ongoing research projects stemming from the interdisciplinary collaboration, including research designed to test the effectiveness of the interdisciplinary training for students in both disciplines.
Poor Glycemic Control is a Significant Predictor of Cardiovascular Events in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Tsujimoto Yoshihiro , Ishimura Eiji , Tahara Hideki , Kakiya Ryuusuke , Koyama Hidenori , Emoto Masanori , Shoji Tetsuo , Inaba Masaaki , Kishimoto Hiroshi , Tabata Tsutomu , Nishizawa Yoshiki
Published: May 2009

We investigated the impact of glycemic control on the emergence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in diabetic patients who were on maintenance hemodialysis in a prospective observational study. One hundred and thirty‐four diabetic hemodialysis patients (63 ± 10 years‐old, hemodialysis duration of 4.5 ± 3.9 years) at a single dialysis center were enrolled. The cohort was observed prospectively for 5 years, and the emergence of fatal and non‐fatal CVD was recorded. Patients were categorized into two groups; good (mean hemoglobin (Hb) A1C <7.0%, N = 65) and poor HbA1C (mean HbA1C ≥7.0%, N = 69). The relationship between glycemic control and CVD emergence was evaluated by Kaplan‐Meier estimation and Cox proportional hazard models. During the follow‐up period, 50 CVD events were observed. The cumulative CVD incidence in the poor HbA1C group was significantly higher than that of the good HbA1C group, as determined by Kaplan‐Meier estimation (P = 0.0250, log‐rank test). After adjustment for gender, age, duration of dialysis, and past history of CVD, a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model showed that poor HbA1C was a significant predictor of CVD events (hazards ratio [HR] 1.828 [95% CI, 1.008–3.314], P = 0.0470). When ischemic heart disease, cerebral infarction, and arteriosclerosis obliterans were determined as an endpoint, both HbA1C levels and the poor HbA1C group were significant predictors for the emergence of CVD (HR 1.269 per 1% HbA1C [95%CI, 1.022–1.574], P = 0.0307,and HR 2.816 [95% CI, 1.377–5.759], P = 0.0046, respectively). In diabetic hemodialysis patients, poor glycemic control is a significant, independent predictor of the emergence of CVD, indicating the importance of careful management of glycemic control in hemodialysis patients.
Housing Wealth, Financial Wealth and Consumption in China
Authors: Chen Jie , Guo Feng , Zhu Aiyong
Published: May 2009

The paper investigates the relationship between changes in asset wealth and the trend movements of household consumption in urban China. Using the vector error correction cointegration model, we demonstrate that there is a unique long‐run cointegrating relationship between household consumption, disposable income, financial wealth and housing wealth in urban China. We find that housing wealth is the only factor that restores the long‐run equilibrium relationship when the cointegrated system is disturbed by an external shock. In addition, our permanent–transitory variance decomposition analysis indicates that nearly all variance in the movement of consumption is permanent, supporting the classical random walk hypothesis of consumption behavior. However, a large proportion of variance in the short‐run movements of housing wealth is found to be transitory.
Impact of Foreign Bank Entry on the Performance of Chinese Banks
Authors: Shen Chung‐Hua , Lu Chin‐Hwa , Wu Meng‐Wen
Published: May 2009

This study investigates how foreign bank/investor penetrations influence local bank performance in China. At the country level, foreign bank penetration is proxied by MacroFP, measured by the percentage of banks with foreign strategic investors (FSI) among total banks. At the bank level, foreign bank penetration is proxied by MicroFP, measured by the percentage shareholding of FSI in a bank. When foreign bank penetration is proxied by MacroFP, it is found to improve the profitability of local banks but not to reduce costs. Next, when foreign bank penetration is proxied by MicroFP, it is found to affect neither profitability nor costs. In sum, the present study demonstrates that the opening‐up policy is correct from a macro perspective. However, for banks that have introduced FSI, determining the reasons for improvements in performance being inhibited is more important than releasing more shares to foreign investors.
Quality assurance audit: A prospective non‐randomised trial of chemotherapy and radiotherapy for osteolymphoma (TROG 99.04/ALLG LY02)*
Authors: Christie D , Le T , Watling K , Cornes D , O’Brien P , Hitchins R
Published: May 2009

A quality assurance (QA) audit of the Trans Tasman Radiation Oncology Group and Australasian Lymphoma and Leukaemia Group trial (TROG 99.04/ALLG LY02) began after accrual of 25 patients. The trial is a prospective non‐randomized study of standard treatment for osteolymphoma. Data relating to informed consent, eligibility, chemotherapy and radiotherapy were reviewed. The audit showed a relatively low level of major variations from the protocol, with an overall rate of 3.6%. As this trial has accrued slowly over a long period, the concept of QA has also developed. Amendments were made to the protocol accordingly. In the future, QA procedures should be predetermined, conducted rapidly in real time, and appropriately funded in order to be relevant to the ongoing conduct of the trial.
The sealing of fissures in a school dental programme
Authors: Roder D. M. , Sundrum P.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— An examination was made of 817 children, mean age 6.9 years. Of their first permanent molars 42.4 per cent were assessed as suitable for fissure sealant. Of these teeth 522 were sealed and compared with contra‐lateral controls after one year. The retention rate of and the mean application time for the sealant are presented and discussed.
Incisal angle adhesive resins: a two‐year clinical survey of three materials*
Authors: Smales R. J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Three composite resin materials gave reasonable results in the short‐term, provided that they were placed and finished correctly. This would be easier to do with the small incisal fractures. Although slightly more defects became apparent with time, most could be corrected without the replacement of the restorations.
Examination, diagnosis and treatment of occlusal pain‐dysfunction
Authors: McNamara David C.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The complaint of chronic oro‐facial pain is common, and this often presents as a frustrating diagnostic problem. Conventional efforts at dental management of chronic pain‐dysfunction in the occlusal components, tend to be unrewarding when the tissue degeneration is advanced. However, early treatment and prevention of the signs and symptoms are in the realm of every‐day general practice.
Periodontology and its relevance to clinical dentistry
Authors: Amerena Vincent C.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The important role played by restorations and prostheses in the accumulation of plaque necessitates careful design of all contours to enable proper removal of plaque by the patient. Early diagnosis of impacted teeth is essential as well as careful design of gingival flaps preserving the maximum of attached gingiva where their removal or exposure is planned. Difficulties arising from closed bite and orthodontic treatment, the need for careful consideration to the importance of endodontic therapy, and removable partial dentures in relation to the health of periodontium, are discussed.
Dental implications of narcotic addiction
Authors: Carter Eric F.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Reasons are presented for the higher prevalence of dental caries in narcotic addicts than in the general population. The particular problem of dentalgia during withdrawal phases is examined and approaches to dental treatment suggested.
In vitro studies on the use of cetylpyridinium chloride as a bacterial plaque control agent
Authors: Holbeche James D. , Reade Peter C.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Studies have shown that cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) containing mouthwash may in vitro inhibit artificial bacterial plaque accumulation under certain conditions. These studies, together with the findings of clinical trials, suggest that the clinical activity of CPC in partially limiting plaque accumulation depends on its adherence to cleaned enamel surfaces, rather than its penetration in preformed plaque.
The effect of aluminium on the metallography of a nickel base removable partial denture casting alloy
Authors: Lewis A. J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Three special nickel‐chromium alloys were prepared in which the aluminium levels were adjusted both above and below that of a commercial nickel base dental casting alloy. Tensile and metallographic evaluation of representative samples of the alloys were made and the changes in the properties of the alloys are reported.
The composite bridge
Authors: Cunningham Peter J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The technique of using composite resin for the adhesive in bonding acrylic or natural tooth pontics as a form of fixed prosthesis is presented.
The dental application of electroformed pure gold. I. Porcelain jacket crown technique*
Authors: Rogers Olbert W.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— the use of gold electroforms provides (1) a porcelain jacket crown and adaptable gold margin; (2) a matrix for porcelain inlays; (3) an adaptable margin for cast ceramic bonded to metal crowns or abutments.

Further, by the application of electrodeposited tin to the gold, excellent bonding of porcelain occurs. This system can be used advantageously as a substrate for bonding porcelain to metals.
Oroantral fistula: broad‐contact closure
Authors: Lam William
Published: May 2009

Abstract— —A method using broad mesodermal tissue contact for the closure of oroantral fistula is advocated. This method has several advantages over the traditional ones.
The strength of fifteen amalgam alloys
Authors: Bryant Roland W.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— —The compressive and tensile (by diametral compression) strengths of amalgams prepared from fifteen conventional and higher copper alloys are compared and the rate at which these amalgams develop strength is investigated.

Alloys of the single melt high copper type generally possess the greatest strength at all times of testing. The amalgams tend to achieve maximum tensile strength more rapidly than maximum compressive strength. The major increase in strength takes place between one hour and one day.
Multiple neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease). Case report
Authors: Smith Graydon C. , Smith Ronald J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— —The development of an intra‐oral neurofibroma following tooth extraction in a patient with von Recklinghausen's disease is presented.
A survey of the elemental composition of alloy for dental amalgam
Authors: de Freitas J. F.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Fifty‐one silver amalgam alloys were analysed quantitatively for elemental composition by a specially developed procedure depending largely on atomic absorption spectroscopy. All were dental alloys commercially available in Australia and both conventional and high‐copper types were tested. The results for individual alloys are detailed for Ag, Sn, Cu, Zn, Hg, In, Cd, Pb and Sb contents.
The needs of the homebound and institutionalized in South Australia, 1977
Authors: Vowles N. J. , Watson B. I. , Dahl Barbara J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A survey of 1,658 homebound and institutionalized persons suggested that about 7,000 chronically ill South Australians may need dental care and that such treatment is currently unavailable to the great majority of them.
Clinical evaluation of a restorative resin with organic filler. Preliminary report and discussion
Authors: Bryant R. W. , Rees F. T. , Ross I. D.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Assessment of 192 Class III and V Isopast restorations was made up to 18 months after insertion. Within this time, there was no evidence to suggest early, marked marginal failure. Continued evaluation is required to assess marginal adaptation and discolouration over a longer period.
Some reflections on the work of the Committee for the Dental Care of Handicapped Children (N.S.W. Branch)
Authors: Vern‐Barnett Andrew
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The history of the Committee for the Dental Care of Handicapped Children (N.S.W. Branch) is presented. There is some discussion on the difficulties of establishing just how many children there are, the concern of members of the profession and many people involved with their every‐day care for their dental health, the results and some conclusions arrived at from questionnaires forwarded to voluntary organizations and dentists, the need for the involvement of dental educators, the difficulties encountered in the actual implementation of the concept, the task of the Dental Services Division and the Government Anaesthetic Service of the Health Commission of New South Wales in allocating manpower resources, and, finally, some inferences to be drawn as a result of being involved in the scheme.
Dental management of the chronically ill child
Authors: Hall Roger K.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Recent advances in the medical management of chronically ill children are of interest to the general dental practitioner in those areas which relate to groups of child patients frequently treated in practice. There is now a greater understanding of the effects on the child with a chronic illness or handicap of multiple visits to hospital or medical consultants, and of hospitalization for extended periods with separation from parents and family. The bearing this has on our dental management of such children is considered, as also are the recent advances in the care of children with congenital cardiac defects, haematological disorders, and neurological disturbances.
The cost of school dental care–some thoughts on economic analysis
Authors: Godfrey A. I.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The paper by Blaikie and Weidenhofer (“The Cost of School Dental Care: A Preliminary Economic Analysis”–Australian Dental Journal, April, 1978) is used as the basis for some considerations of economic analysis applied to public dental services. It is shown that the public sector is not necessarily more cost‐effective than private dentists.
The resistant dentine shell of teeth suffering from idiopathic external resorption
Authors: Yaacob Hashim B.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Histological examination of 18 erupted and eight unerupted teeth with idiopathic external resorption demonstrated that the pulp remained protected by a thin layer of dentine approximately 23–308 μm wide. There was no significant difference between erupted and unerupted teeth.
Psychological complications from the use of hypno‐sedatives in dental practice
Authors: Lambert Colin
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The use of hypno‐scdatives in dentistry, diazepam, and nitrous oxide, may result in psychological sequelae for the patient. These problems are not remedied by technical approaches to treatment. They may be decreased by a better understanding of suggestion, personality, and anxiety. The study of the use of suggestion is recommended.
COMMITTEE ON OVERSEAS PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS: Expert Panel in Dentistry
Authors: Sutherland K. J. G.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A written and clinical examination acceptable to six of the eight Australian dental boards and designed for the assessment of overseas‐trained dentists was introduced in 1979 by the Expert Panel in Dentistry of the Committee on Overseas Professional Qualifications (COPQ). It is planned to hold the clinical examination, which was developed with the assistance of the Dental Board of New South Wales, in various State capitals in future years.
Some properties of a stir‐cast Ni‐Cr based dental alloy
Authors: Boswell P. G. , Stevens L.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A Ni‐Cr based crown and bridge alloy has been successfully stir‐cast into small investment mould spaces using a modified induction melting and casting machine. Stir‐casting produced substantial improvements to the mechanical properties of the cast alloy. A model for the development of the stir‐cast microstructure is described and the clinical significance of the improvements in the alloy's properties is discussed.
Regional odontodysplasia
Authors: Ferguson J. W. , Geary C. P. M.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A case of regional odontodysplasia is reported. An unusual feature, only twice previously described in the world literature of fifty‐four cases, was the presence of an apparently normal tooth within the group of affected teeth. The implications of such a finding for the various theories relating to aetiology and pathogenesis are discussed.
Oral condyloma acuminatum or venereal wart.: Case report
Authors: Doran G. A. , Capper B.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Oral eondyloma acuminatum or venereal wart is an infectious disease of the oral mucosa caused by a virus similar or identical to that causing Verrucae vulgaris and plantaris. It consists of papillomatous projections with marked parakeratosis or keratosis and acanthotic epithelial downgrowlhs. Vacuolated cells are often a feature of the stratum spinosum. Criteria for the differential diagnosis and surgical management of this condition are presented.
A comparative study on the retention of 3H lignocaine and 3H prilocaine in the presence of various vasoconstrictors
Authors: Almasi William , Gerke Dale C. , Frewin Derek B.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The efficacy of adrenaline, noradrenaline, and a mixture of adrenaline and felypressin in enhancing the retention of either prilocaine or lignocaine at an injection site has been tested in vivo using the rat tongue as the experimental model. It was found that adrenaline in equivalent concentrations was more effective than noradrenaline. The addition of felypressin to the adrenaline/prilocaine mixture further enhanced the retention of the local anaesthetic.
Preventive measures to control further bone loss and soft tissue damage in denture wearing
Authors: Penhall Brian
Published: May 2009

Abstract— It is suggested that poor plaque control by denture wearers contributes seriously to the tissue destruction often seen in these patients. Any preventive programme aimed at the public at large should include simple instructions and advice to denture wearers. An outline of important points is presented to assist the dentist in encouraging his patients to adopt a more sensible approach to denture wearing.
Bacteriocin typing of Streptococcus mutans strains isolated from family groups
Authors: Rogers A. H.
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT Specific identification of strains of Streptococcus mutans isolated from family groups has been accomplished by a bacteriocin typing method. A common Strep. mutans type was found within most families and although the actual source of infection appeared to vary from family to family, the study supports the concept of intrafamiliar transfer of this potentially cariogenic organism.
Hard tissue repair in idiopathic external resorption of teeth
Authors: Yaacob Hashim B.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Histological examination of 18 erupted and eight unerupted teeth with idiopathic external resorption demonstrated that 21 teeth showed metaplastic hard tissue repair in some teeth up to about 69 per cent of the resorbed dentinal surface. The significance is discussed of osteoblasts and mononuclear cells.
What are the variables related to dental compliance?
Authors: Bailey Chris , Dey Fiona , Reynolds Karen , Rutter Georgina , Teoh Tony , Peck Connie
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Sixty‐five patients at two private dental clinics were assessed on compliance and motivation by questionnaire prior to their scheduled appointment. Four practitioners completed Dentist questionnaires after the appointments. The results of both revealed differences in behaviour in high and low compliance groups. It is suggested that some accepted medical care incentives may not be relevant to dentistry.
The treatment of some disorders of the maxillo‐mandibular apparatus. II. Osteo‐arthritis
Authors: Griffin C. J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract

This paper describes the diagnosis and treatment of three cases of osteo‐arthritis and one case of potential osteo‐arthritis of the temporomandibular joint complex. Diagnosis was based on tomography of the joint, radiology of the nasal fossae, and in certain cases electrodiagnosis. All cases showed asymmetrically positioned or displaced condyles. Electrodiagnosis showed inordinately long open‐close‐clench (OCC) cycles, suppressed or incomplete jaw opening reflexes, and an inordinately prolonged duration of elevator muscle contraction prior to initial tooth contact (DMC). Signs of the maxillo‐septal syndrome were present in three, and it is emphasized that this syndrome usually formed the basis for TMJ pathosis. Treatment consisted of occlusal splints to reposition the mandibular condyles, and in one case rapid maxillary expansion (RME) to unlock the bite.
Xerostomia—a complication of ageing*
Authors: Ettinger Ronald L.
Published: May 2009

Abstract

This paper reviews the physiological and histological changes in salivary glands associated with ageing and concludes that there is no evidence to show that xerostomia is likely to result from the ageing process alone. The signs and symptoms of xerostomia are discussed. The four main factors causing xerostomia are presented and it can be seen that the condition is a side effect of diseases and the drugs used to treat these diseases. A multifaceted approach to treating xerostomia is presented and illustrated with case histories.
Silica bonded investment and diatomite
Authors: Stevens L.
Published: May 2009

Abstract

Some effects of the addition of a diatomite product to a silica bonded investment were investigated. The expansion of moulds made from the diatomite product was compared with that of gypsum bonded cristobalite investment moulds. Attention is drawn to the possible use of diatomite as a source of cristobalite for investments.
An orthodontic‐prosthetic solution to complex malocclusions
Authors: Grave K. C. , Smart L. M.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Five case reports present different problems associated with severe malocclusion arising from mutilated dentition or poor aesthetics and their solution following treatment planning and co‐operation between general practitioner and orthodontist. Satisfactory function and excellent aesthetic results have been achieved.
Interrelations between the fluoride concentrations in dental plaque and enamel, and exposure to fluoride
Authors: Schamschula R. G. , Un Pauline S. H. , Agus Helen M. , Sugár Edit , Tóth K.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The F concentrations in plaque and in underlying enamel were determined in a sample of 99 schoolchildren aged 8.4 years (S.D = 0.37), comprising four groups, exposed life‐long to contrasting concentrations of F in the water (range ≤ 0.12 ppm to 2.8 ppm) and to supplements of 350 mg F/kg domestic salt. The mean total F concentrations in plaque (dry wt) increased consistently with increasing exposure to F, but the absolute differences were small and the individual variation was high within each group. Significant inverse associations were demonstrated between individual plaque and surface enamel values within two groups, supported by consistent inverse trends (ns) in the remaining groups. These associations and trends are considered to reflect transfer of F from plaque to underlying surface enamel and concommitant reduction in plaque F concentration.
Thermal expansion of addition polymerization (Type II) silicone impression materials*
Authors: Jørgensen K. D.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The coefficients of thermal expansion and contraction of several dental addition silicone impression materials have been measured and their importance for precision of impressions recorded. Dies were made from impressions following: (1) cooling to 22 °C for 15 min, (2) cooling to 22 °C for 15 min and heating to 37 °C for 15 min, (3) holding for 24 hr at 22°C, and (4) storing for 24 hr and then heating to 37 °C for 15 min. The results show that a reheating of the impressions to mouth temperature before die casting reduces their inaccuracy significantly.
The rationale for the indication and design off the MOD inlay
Authors: Kayser A. F. , Battistuzzi P. G. F. C. M. , Snoek P. A. , Spanauf A. J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract

Modern preventive measures enable an occlusion based approach in the design of an MOD inlay. Treatment planning should require control of the caries problem and institution of sound oral hygiene before any permanent cast restoration is provided. Because of stress developing from occlusal forces being translated into a wedge action fracture of the crown weakened by cavity preparation is enhanced. When inlay restorations are indicated preference should be given to partial coverage of the crown.
Nomogram to determine parameters of mechanical amalgamators
Authors: Darvell B. W.
Published: May 2009

Abstract

A nomogram has been prepared to illustrate directly the mutual interaction of amalgamator parameters and the constraints on design that may then arise or the consequences of proposed modifications.
Dental health of children in Australia 1977–1980
Authors: Carr L. M.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— An extensive programme was begun in 1977 to assess annually the dental health of school children aged four to thirteen years examined by the school dental services in each State and Territory. This report is based on 1,858,439 dental examinations.

In the period 1977 to 1980, the number of DIMF teeth per child was reduced by 26.9 per cent while the oral hygiene index was reduced by 15 per cent. An association was demonstrated between dental caries and oral hygiene. The continuing and substantial reduction in dental caries highlights the need for long‐term manpower planning.
Cuspal failures of MOD restored teeth
Authors: Bell J. G. , Smith M. C. , de Pont J. J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— It is observed clinically that some years after MOD restoration of molar and premolar teeth, cuspal failures commonly occur. The period between restoration and failure is usually from eight to fifteen years. Evidence has been found, both from observations of fractured cusps and from a mathematical model of an idealized molar tooth, that allows a clear description of the mechanism of these slow failures. Suggested changes in clinical practice are recommended if such failures are to be prevented in the future.
Splinting for reimplantation and transplantation of teeth: a technique
Authors: Smith G. C. , Mouser P. G.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A technique is described for splinting reimplanted or transplanted teeth. Other methods of splinting used with these surgical procedures as well as the duration of splint fixation are reviewed.
Infant feeding patterns1
Authors: Hocking B. M. , Campbell M. J. A. , Storey E.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The feeding patterns of 437 infants, aged less than 1 month to 12 months, were studied by interview and questionnaire in 11 Maternal Child Health Centres of the Melbourne City Council.

Ninety‐nine mothers had never breast fed, 146 breast fed for less than 5 months. The major additives to formula, drinks and to dummies were a wide range of sweetening agents including sucrose, honey, syrups, and vitamin C preparations. Some mothers tasted the drinks and food to adjust to their own taste. Older mothers consumed less sugar themselves and gave less to the child. Lone mothers used more additives than married ones. With the introduction of solid foods, salt or salt‐containing preparations increased to form 60 per cent of the additives used. There was a trend to more sweetened additives in some ethnic groups. Most mothers were aware of the dental hazards of sugar.
Occlusal splints: a critical assessment of their use in prosthodontics
Authors: Klineberg I.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— An essential aid in diagnosis and treatment planning for occlusal dysfunctions is an interocclusal splint to disocclude the dental arches, to provide bilaterally balanced jaw support in the retruded jaw position (RP) and bilateral simultaneous contacts on anterior and posterior teeth in the median occlusal position (MOP). The design of the splint processed in heat cured acrylic should ensure coverage of the lingual and occlusal surfaces and 2–3 mm of the labial and buccal surfaces of the teeth. The splint should have sufficient bulk to permit appropriate adjustment on its occlusal aspects. The physiological and psychological effects in relation to jaw function must be recognised and their influence on general muscle performance interpreted with care.
Effects of prolonged administration of azathioprine and pilocarpine on parotid glands of rats: an assessment by light microscopy and autoradiography
Authors: Keys D. W. , Adkins K. F.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Daily administration of 2 mg/kg of azathioprine compared with doses of the drug plus pilocarpine, 0.125 mg/kg caused neither complete destruction of, nor cessation of synthesis in the parotid glands of rats. Even if continued for 70 days, deleterious effects were followed by complete recovery. The addition of pilocarpine lessened the changes to a limited extent. Autoradiographic estimations showed rapid reduction but not complete cessation of synthesis in acinar cells.