bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aprendizagens acadêmicas sobre saúde pública em uma universidade canadense: contribuições para a formação brasileira
Authors: Patuzzi Gregório Corrêa , Lira Adrielle Priscilla Souza , Santos José Diego Marques , Reinisch Andrieli Oliveira Barros , Veleda Aline Alves
Published: March 2018

RESUMO Objetivo Discutir aprendizagens de estudantes brasileiros de graduação da área da saúde sobre saúde pública. Método Estudo descritivo, reflexivo, baseado em experiências de internacionalização do ensino, utilizando-se bases teóricas dos sistemas de saúde canadense e brasileiro para a construção de uma análise crítica sobre o fazer em saúde pública e o impacto da internacionalização para o ensino e a formação profissional. Resultados Existem similaridades teóricas e conceituais nos sistemas de saúde, no entendimento sobre determinantes sociais. No entanto, o uso dos determinantes mostra-se mais resolutivo no sistema canadense. Conclusão As aprendizagens sobre saúde pública em uma universidade canadense revelaram grande enfoque nos determinantes, permitindo a reflexão sobre os modelos de atenção à saúde brasileiros. Com esta experiência, pode-se levantar discussões nos espaços de ensino, refletindo o compromisso social do Programa Ciência sem Fronteiras e sua importância para a formação profissional.
A utilização de instrumentos para avaliação da liderança nos serviços de saúde e enfermagem
Authors: Carrara Gisleangela Lima Rodrigues , Bernardes Andrea , Balsanelli Alexandre Pazetto , Camelo Silvia Helena Henriques , Gabriel Carmen Silvia , Zanetti Ariane Cristina Barboza
Published: March 2018

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar as evidências científicas disponíveis acerca da utilização de instrumentos para a avaliação da liderança nos serviços de saúde e enfermagem, bem como verificar a utilização de estilos/modelos/teorias de lideranças na construção dos mesmos. Método Revisão integrativa da literatura de estudos indexados nas bases de dados LILACS, PUBMED, CINAHL e EMBASE, no período de 2006 a 2016. Resultados 38 artigos foram analisados, exibindo 19 instrumentos de avaliação da liderança, sendo os mais utilizados o Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, a Global Transformational Leadership Scale, o Leadership Practices Inventory, o Servant Leadership Questionnaire, o Servant Leadership Survey e o Authentic Leadership Questionnaire. Conclusões A busca na literatura possibilitou a identificação das principais teorias/estilos/modelos de liderança contemporâneos, assim como a análise de sua utilização na construção de instrumentos de avaliação da liderança, se destacando a liderança transformacional, situacional, servidora e autêntica. Em menor proporção, foram evidenciadas as lideranças quantum, carismática e clínica.
Pré-natal: preparo para o parto na atenção primária à saúde no sul do Brasil
Authors: Gonçalves Mariana Faria , Teixeira Érica Mairene Bocate , Silva Márcia Aparecida dos Santos , Corsi Nathalia Maciel , Ferrari Rosângela Aparecida Pimenta , Pelloso Sandra Marisa , Cardelli Alexandrina Aparecida Maciel
Published: March 2018

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a relação entre assistência pré-natal e orientações para o parto na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos Estudo transversal com 358 puérperas de maternidade pública do sul do Brasil. Coleta de dados realizada de julho a outubro de 2013, com transcrição de dados do cartão de pré-natal e entrevista estruturada. Dados analizados pelo Teste Qui-quadrado (p<0,05). Resultados O pré-natal teve alta cobertura (85,5%) e início precoce em 71,8% das mulheres, porém 52% destas não receberam orientação para o parto. Houve associação estatística entre o recebimento de orientação para o parto e menor número de consultas (p=0,028), maior intervalo entre a última consulta pré-natal e o parto (p=0,002) e classificação do cuidado pré-natal como intermediário e inadequado (p=0,024). Conclusões Apesar da oferta ideal do número de consultas, a qualidade do cuidado foi classificada como intermediária ou inadequada e evidenciou-se acesso precário a orientações para o parto durante o pré-natal.
Validação de intervenções e atividades de enfermagem para pacientes em terapia hemodialítica
Authors: Lucena Amália de Fátima , Magro Cecília Zys , Proença Maria Conceição da Costa , Pires Ananda Ughini Bertoldo , Moraes Vítor Monteiro , Aliti Graziella Badin
Published: March 2018

RESUMO Objetivo Validar intervenções e atividades de enfermagem propostas pela Nursing Interventions Classification, para pacientes com insuficiência renal aguda ou doença renal crônica agudizada, em terapia hemodialítica com os diagnósticos de enfermagem Volume de Líquidos Excessivo e Risco de Volume de Líquidos Desequilibrado. Métodos Validação de conteúdo com 19 enfermeiros peritos de um hospital universitário. A coleta de dados ocorreu de setembro a novembro de 2011, por meio de instrumentos que continham as intervenções e atividades de enfermagem em estudo. A análise considerou a média dos escores obtidos na validação. Resultados O Controle Hídrico foi validado como intervenção prioritária (média ≥ 0.8), com oito atividades principais para o diagnóstico Volume de Líquidos Excessivo e oito para o diagnóstico Risco de Volume de Líquidos Desequilibrado. Conclusão A intervenção validada de Controle Hídrico possibilita o monitoramento do equilíbrio hídrico e facilita a prevenção de complicações, consideradas importantes atividades do cuidado ao paciente em terapia hemodialítica.
Photovoice: method experiment research with adolescent mothers
Authors: Leal Caroline Cândido Garcia , Gomes-Sponholz Flávia Azevedo , Mamede Fabiana Villela , Silva Marta Angélica Iossi , Oliveira Nathália Teresinha Baptista , Leite Adriana Moraes
Published: March 2018

Abstract Objective: To report on the development of the phases of the photovoice method in qualitative research with adolescent mothers who were experiencing or experienced breastfeeding and/or weaning. Method: Twelve individual interviews and one focus group were conducted. Results: The photovoice was developed in the phases: Identification of the political decision makers in the community with some community leadership profile; Recruitment of participants; Introduction of the methodology to the participants; Obtaining informed consent; Identification of the theme (s) for the photographs; Distribution of cameras and review of their handling; Provision of time for the registration of photographs; Meeting (s) for discussion on photographs and identification of community resources and issues; Shared planning of the dissemination formats of the images and stories produced. Final considerations and implications for the practice: Photovoice stands out as a way to approach health professionals with the life circumstances of adolescent mothers, in order to promote and support breastfeeding.
Síndrome de Burnout em médicos: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Moreira Hyan de Alvarenga , Souza Karen Nattana de , Yamaguchi Mirian Ueda
Published: March 2018

Resumo Introdução: médicos são profissionais altamente vulneráveis à Síndrome de Burnout (SB), pois lidam com fatores de stress ao longo de sua vida profissional. Objetivo: identificar a frequência da SB em diferentes especialidades médicas e seus possíveis fatores associados. Métodos: revisão sistemática de acordo com a declaração PRISMA, por meio das bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE, PubMed e SciELO, incluindo trabalhos que usam o Maslach Burnout Inventory para identificar a síndrome. Resultados: 22 especialidades médicas foram relacionadas à SB. As cinco especialidades identificadas com maior prevalência de casos foram, em ordem decrescente: medicina de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, medicina de família, medicina de emergência, medicina interna e ortopedia. Discussão: a etiologia da SB é multifatorial. Há fatores que contribuem para o desencadeamento da síndrome e outros que atuam de modo a prevenir o seu desenvolvimento. Identificaram-se fatores comuns a atuação profissional do médico e outros associados com as especialidades médicas. Os fatores que se destacam como associados à SB são os relacionados à organização e ambiente do trabalho e à maneira como os profissionais enfrentam o stress. Discussão: a etiologia da SB é multifatorial. Há fatores que contribuem para o desencadeamento da síndrome e outros que atuam de modo a prevenir o seu desenvolvimento. Identificaram-se fatores comuns a atuação profissional do médico e outros associados com as especialidades médicas. Os fatores que se destacam como associados à SB são os relacionados à organização e ambiente do trabalho e à maneira como os profissionais enfrentam o stress.
Comparison of numerical schemes of river flood routing with an inertial approximation of the Saint Venant equations
Authors: Fassoni-Andrade Alice César , Fan Fernando Mainardi , Collischonn Walter , Fassoni Artur César , Paiva Rodrigo Cauduro Dias de
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT The one-dimensional flow routing inertial model, formulated as an explicit solution, has advantages over other explicit models used in hydrological models that simplify the Saint-Venant equations. The main advantage is a simple formulation with good results. However, the inertial model is restricted to a small time step to avoid numerical instability. This paper proposes six numerical schemes that modify the one-dimensional inertial model in order to increase the numerical stability of the solution. The proposed numerical schemes were compared to the original scheme in four situations of river’s slope (normal, low, high and very high) and in two situations where the river is subject to downstream effects (dam backwater and tides). The results are discussed in terms of stability, peak flow, processing time, volume conservation error and RMSE (Root Mean Square Error). In general, the schemes showed improvement relative to each type of application. In particular, the numerical scheme here called Prog Q(k+1)xQ(k+1) stood out presenting advantages with greater numerical stability in relation to the original scheme. However, this scheme was not successful in the tide simulation situation. In addition, it was observed that the inclusion of the hydraulic radius calculation without simplification in the numerical schemes improved the results without increasing the computational time.
“Estados imaginados” e novas virtudes: notas sobre a construção das políticas de transparência e combate à corrupção
Authors: Brito Simone Magalhães
Published: March 2018

Resumo O artigo discute os processos cotidianos da construção da política de transparência e combate à corrupção no Brasil a partir das experiências de campo em dois órgãos de controle. Seu enfoque não é a efetividade dessas políticas ou seus efeitos sobre as formas de accountability, mas a compreensão de sua dimensão moral: como esses valores são incorporados nas práticas cotidianas de auditores e funcionários. Seguindo uma perspectiva da antropologia moral para a compreensão do Estado, buscou-se entender as lógicas de poder atualizadas no ideal de Estado transparente em processo de constituição. As dificuldades encontradas na tentativa de aproximação das burocracias estatais e mesmo de apresentar academicamente os “resultados” de um mundo marcado pelo dilema entre sigilo e “ficções” de transparência serão utilizadas como um caminho para compreender as ambiguidades na constituição do projeto que propõe a “abertura” ou visibilidade do poder como forma segura de controle.
Políticas em movimento: instituições, ações de estado e servidores públicos indígenas na Secretaria de Estado para os Povos Indígenas do Amazonas (Seind/AM)
Authors: Lobato Tiemi Kayamori
Published: March 2018

Resumo O presente trabalho trata do processo de produção de uma instituição pública vinculada ao poder executivo amazonense: a Secretaria de Estado para os Povos Indígenas do Amazonas (Seind/AM), criada em 2009, e extinta seis anos depois, em 2015. A forma como os servidores indígenas se percebem em tal processo implica a continuidade de um projeto político que, até então, havia tido seus principais desdobramentos através de organizações e associações do movimento indígena. Ao mesmo tempo em que o surgimento da Seind possibilita a ocupação de um lugar inédito na estrutura estatal, estar em tal posição também significa entrar em consonância com um novo universo político e certa ordem e forma da organização estatal brasileira. Busca-se refletir sobre a interação de indígenas, não indígenas, e suas instituições em tal processo, explorando a maneira como diferentes modos de se fazer política, de pensar a administração pública, e de estar no estado, confluem no sentido de compor esse novo espaço indígena.
Agenciar palavras, fabricar sujeitos: sentidos da educação inclusiva no Paraná
Authors: Carniel Fagner
Published: March 2018

Resumo O texto aborda os usos políticos e pedagógicos de uma concepção de inclusão educacional que adquiriu proeminência na gestão pública da educação brasileira durante a primeira década deste novo milênio. Para tanto, lança mão de uma reflexão construída a partir da inserção como técnico do Departamento de Ensino Básico na divisão de sociologia e tomando como eixo de discussão a interlocução com uma profissional que participou ativamente da organização da Secretaria de Estado da Educação do Paraná entre os anos de 2003 e 2011. Desse modo, o objetivo desta análise não se refere às experiências de pessoas em fase de escolarização, mas ao projeto institucional que pretendeu inseri-las em categorias pedagógicas relativamente estáveis e passíveis de inclusão fomentando um processo de organização estatal com base na nomeação e normatização de sujeitos. Trata-se, portanto, de uma tentativa de apresentar as práticas de gestão e sua justificativa discursiva em relação ao multiculturalismo, destacando as prerrogativas da educação inclusiva para pessoas surdas.
Garantia de direitos e burocracias estatais: mediadores universitários, protagonistas quilombolas e a tradição em disputa
Authors: Aragon Ovalle Luiza , Ribeiro Yolanda Gaffrée
Published: March 2018

Resumo Discutimos o lugar de mediadores na captação e no direcionamento de recursos para comunidades remanescentes de quilombos em duas chamadas públicas, veiculadas pela Delegação da União Europeia no Brasil e pelo Estado brasileiro, onde nossa participação como antropólogas foi requisitada pelas lideranças comunitárias do Quilombo Sacopã, território localizado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Tanto a referida agência de fomento internacional quanto a Secretaria Especial de Políticas de Promoção da Igualdade Racial (Seppir) buscavam propostas voltadas à defesa dos direitos humanos no Brasil. Refletimos sobre a captação de recursos através de projetos, na interface entre o acesso a direitos e a moldagem da tradição através das relações políticas com Estados nacionais e suas burocracias, que informam as relações institucionais com esses grupos. A conformação de tradições através dos vínculos sociais que as possibilitam também constituem uma competição com o Estado pela sua definição para além dos moldes generalizados e padronizados assim impostos.
Entre a ameaça e a proteção: categorias, práticas e efeitos de uma política de inclusão na Cracolândia de São Paulo
Authors: Nasser Marina Mattar Soukef
Published: March 2018

Resumo O presente artigo parte de pesquisa etnográfica realizada na região conhecida como Cracolândia no centro de São Paulo. Seu objetivo é discutir uma operação para inclusão de beneficiários no De Braços Abertos a partir da experiência de uma jovem excluída do programa. Procuro tratar dos modos de funcionamento, práticas e categorias acionadas pelos agentes nessa intervenção, problematizando a noção de vulnerabilidade, bem como seus efeitos na trajetória dessa personagem. Partindo de seu percurso e reflexões, argumento que o Estado produz “labirintos” ao induzir e condicionar o movimento de diversos sujeitos na cidade.
Políticas de inclusão e relações com a diferença: considerações sobre potencialidades, transformações e limites nas práticas de acesso e permanência da UFG
Authors: Herbetta Alexandre Ferraz
Published: March 2018

Resumo O texto descreve e analisa algumas políticas de inclusão e permanência, efetivadas na UFG – Universidade Federal de Goiás, para coletivos culturalmente diferenciados. A partir da comparação entre duas delas, o programa UFGInclui e a criação do Núcleo Takinahakỹ de Formação Superior Indígena (NTFSI), busca-se refletir sobre ambiguidades, potencialidades e transformações observadas na universidade. Aventa-se a hipótese de que a agência de pessoas e coletivos é fundamental no processo de democratização universitária. E, fundamentalmente, que a universidade necessita de transformações estruturais para a concreta efetivação da inclusão e permanência.
A emergência e evanescência da nova classe média brasileira
Authors: Kopper Moisés , Damo Arlei Sander
Published: March 2018

Resumo Entre 2001 e 2013, o Brasil cresceu e redistribuiu renda. Fruto da estabilidade inflacionária, do aumento do salário mínimo, da expansão do crédito e das políticas sociais, esse período foi marcado pela mobilidade ascendente de milhões de brasileiros. Economistas, jornalistas, políticos e marqueteiros viram na ascensão econômica dessa população a emergência de uma “nova classe média”, definida na releitura de estatísticas nacionais e tornada alvo de intervenções governamentais e de mercado. A partir de uma etnografia documental e de entrevistas com experts, este artigo propõe uma arqueologia dessa categoria, problematizando os caminhos taxonômicos de sua emergência e evanescência. Argumentamos que a “nova classe média” deve ser pensada como uma assemblage científica, política e econômica, agenciada, respectivamente, através de alinhamentos estatísticos, governamentais e mercadológicos. Essas escalas difusas de conhecimento e poder cristalizaram frentes discursivas que tornaram a mobilidade econômica inteligível, em um país tradicionalmente conhecido pela estagnação e desigualdade.
Ações afirmativas no ensino superior e povos indígenas no Brasil: uma trajetória de trabalho
Authors: Lima Antonio Carlos de Souza
Published: March 2018

Resumo Este texto apresenta um relato, à guisa de depoimento, da trajetória de um projeto de intervenção desenvolvido por uma equipe de pesquisadores vinculados ao Laboratório de Pesquisas em Etnicidade, Cultura e Desenvolvimento/Departamento de Antropologia/Museu Nacional-Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro no fomento a ações afirmativas para o acesso, permanência e sucesso educacional de estudantes indígenas no ensino superior. A equipe do Laced/MN-UFRJ que desenvolveu tais atividades pensou-as à luz da antropologia e de estar institucionalmente baseada numa instituição de ensino superior voltada para a pesquisa e a pós-graduação. O período abarcado é, grosso modo, aquele da primeira década do século XXI. O texto busca recuperar e documentar as condições de possibilidade que facultaram tal intervenção, financiada com recursos da Fundação Ford, e em relação direta com as lutas por ações afirmativas no ensino superior movidas pelo(s) movimento(s) negro(s), caracterizando-a como marcada pela percepção das demandas essenciais para os povos indígenas por terra e sustentabilidade. Narram-se as formas como a equipe do Laced procedeu à indução da demanda de recursos por universidades disponíveis a desenvolverem ações afirmativas para indígenas, a disseminação do debate em torno dessas ações, as articulações para que fossem desenvolvidas políticas governamentais que as fomentassem a mais longo prazo, os conhecimentos e documentos gerados nesse processo.
Arte – antropologia – arte: sobre as capas da revista Horizontes Antropológicos
Authors: Ramos Paula
Published: March 2018

Resumo De suvenir de museu a mote de releituras, o universo da história da arte tem atendido a distintos propósitos extra-artísticos. Cineastas, designers e, em especial, profissionais da área da comunicação referenciam-no constantemente, levando para campanhas publicitárias, cartazes e identidades visuais, entre outros produtos, fragmentos e alusões a esse campo. O mesmo se verifica, com frequência, nas capas da revista Horizontes Antropológicos. A partir de uma reflexão acerca dos usos das imagens artísticas pela comunicação e tomando como escopo cinco edições do periódico, o artigo perscruta as obras adotadas, enfatizando aspectos como representação e simbologia, funções sociais e trajetória. Do diálogo sintético e temático entre arte e antropologia, proposto pelos editores, vai-se a um diálogo analítico, que explicita o valor histórico desse patrimônio, tendo como base o seu valor primordial, artístico. No alinhavo entre as obras e na abordagem das mesmas, ressalta-se a construção, pelos artistas, de suas próprias imagens, como agentes de transformação social.
Sleep characteristics in an adult with sleep complaints in three cities at different altitudes
Authors: Castellanos-Ramírez Julio Cesar , Ruíz Alvaro J , Hidalgo-Martínez Patricia , Otero-Mendoza Liliana
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT Sleep studies conducted at an altitude that is different from the home altitude can yield misleading results regarding the severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The objective of the present study was to determine the sleep characteristics of a patient undergoing polysomnography (PSG) in three Colombian cities at different altitudes (Bogotá, at 2,640 m above sea level [ASL]; Bucaramanga, at 959 m ASL; and Santa Marta, at 15 m ASL). The patient was an obese man with diabetes and suspected OSA. All PSG recordings were scored and interpreted in accordance with American Academy of Sleep Medicine criteria. In Bogotá, PSG revealed moderate OSA (an apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] of 21 events/h); in Bucaramanga, PSG revealed increased upper airway resistance (an AHI of 2 events/h); in Santa Marta, PSG revealed mild OSA (an AHI of 7 events/h). The reduction in the AHI was predominantly a reduction in hypopneas and obstructive apneas. The respiratory events were shorter in duration in the city at an intermediate altitude. Given that the AHI varied widely across cities, we can assume that the patient is normal or has moderate OSA depending on the city where he is. Central apneas were found to have no influence on the AHI.
Diagnostic value of α-enolase expression and serum α-enolase autoantibody levels in lung cancer
Authors: Zhang Lihong , Wang Hongbin , Dong Xuejun
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of α-enolase (ENO1) and serum ENO1 autoantibody levels in lung cancer. Methods: Immunohistochemistry staining and ELISA were performed to detect ENO1 expression in lung tissue and serum ENO1 autoantibody levels, respectively. Results: The expression of ENO1 was higher in lung cancer tissues than in benign lung disease tissues (p < 0.001). The proportion of lung cancer samples expressing ENO1 was not significantly different among the various pathological classification groups. The proportion of samples expressing ENO1 was higher in lung cancer patients in stages I/II than in those in stages III/IV (χ2 = 5.445; p = 0.018). The expression of ENO1 in lung cancer tissues was not associated with age, gender, or smoking history. Serum ENO1 antibody levels were significantly higher in the lung cancer group than in the benign lung disease and control groups (p < 0.001). The differences among the pathological classification groups were not statistically significant. Serum ENO1 antibody levels were also in lung cancer patients in stages I/II than in those in stages III/IV (p < 0.01). Serum ENO1 antibody levels were not associated with age, gender, or smoking history in lung cancer patients. The ROC curve representing the diagnosis of lung cancer based on ENO1 antibody levels had an area under the curve of 0.806. Conclusions: Our results suggest that high levels of ENO1 are associated with the clinical stage of lung cancer and that ENO1 expression and its serum autoantibody levels show diagnostic value in lung cancer.
Comparison of diaphragmatic mobility between COPD patients with and without thoracic hyperkyphosis: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gonçalves Márcia Aparecida , Leal Bruna Estima , Lisboa Liseane Gonçalves , Tavares Michelle Gonçalves de Souza , Yamaguti Wellington Pereira , Paulin Elaine
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare diaphragmatic mobility, lung function, and respiratory muscle strength between COPD patients with and without thoracic hyperkyphosis; to determine the relationship of thoracic kyphosis angle with diaphragmatic mobility, lung function, and respiratory muscle strength in COPD patients; and to compare diaphragmatic mobility and thoracic kyphosis between male and female patients with COPD. Methods: Participants underwent anthropometry, spirometry, thoracic kyphosis measurement, and evaluation of diaphragmatic mobility. Results: A total of 34 patients with COPD participated in the study. Diaphragmatic mobility was significantly lower in the group of COPD patients with thoracic hyperkyphosis than in that of those without it (p = 0.002). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups of COPD patients regarding lung function or respiratory muscle strength variables. There was a significant negative correlation between thoracic kyphosis angle and diaphragmatic mobility (r = −0.47; p = 0.005). In the sample as a whole, there were statistically significant differences between males and females regarding body weight (p = 0.011), height (p < 0.001), and thoracic kyphosis angle (p = 0.036); however, there were no significant differences in diaphragmatic mobility between males and females (p = 0.210). Conclusions: Diaphragmatic mobility is lower in COPD patients with thoracic hyperkyphosis than in those without it. There is a negative correlation between thoracic kyphosis angle and diaphragmatic mobility. In comparison with male patients with COPD, female patients with COPD have a significantly increased thoracic kyphosis angle.
Association between the display of cigarette packs at the point of sale and smoking susceptibility among adolescents in Brazil
Authors: Hallal Ana Luiza Curi , Macario Andreza Madeira , Souza Roberto Hess de , Boing Antônio Fernando , Botelho Lúcio , Cohen Joanna
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT This was a cross-sectional study aimed at determining the association between exposure to tobacco displays at the point of sale and susceptibility to smoking in schoolchildren in the 14- to 17-year age bracket. Of the participating students, 69.0%, 21.3%, and 9.7% were classified as never smokers, experimenters, and smokers, respectively. Of the participants who were classified as being exposed to smoking, 18.9% were susceptible to smoking. Of the participants who were classified as being unexposed to smoking, 12.9% were susceptible to smoking (OR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.04 -2.35; p = 0.029). Exposure to point-of-sale tobacco displays is associated with smoking susceptibility in Brazilian adolescents.
Evaluation of smoking cessation treatment initiated during hospitalization in patients with heart disease or respiratory disease
Authors: Garcia Thaís , Andrade Sílvia Aline dos Santos , Biral Angélica Teresa , Bertani André Luiz , Caram Laura Miranda de Oliveira , Cezare Talita Jacon , Godoy Irma , Tanni Suzana Erico
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a smoking cessation program, delivered by trained health care professionals, in patients hospitalized for acute respiratory disease (RD) or heart disease (HD). Methods: Of a total of 393 patients evaluated, we included 227 (146 and 81 active smokers hospitalized for HD and RD, respectively). All participants received smoking cessation treatment during hospitalization and were followed in a cognitive-behavioral smoking cessation program for six months after hospital discharge. Results: There were significant differences between the HD group and the RD group regarding participation in the cognitive-behavioral program after hospital discharge (13.0% vs. 35.8%; p = 0.003); smoking cessation at the end of follow-up (29% vs. 31%; p < 0.001); and the use of nicotine replacement therapy (3.4% vs. 33.3%; p < 0.001). No differences were found between the HD group and the RD group regarding the use of bupropion (11.0% vs. 12.3%; p = 0.92). Varenicline was used by only 0.7% of the patients in the HD group. Conclusions: In our sample, smoking cessation rates at six months after hospital discharge were higher among the patients with RD than among those with HD, as were treatment adherence rates. The implementation of smoking cessation programs for hospitalized patients with different diseases, delivered by the health care teams that treat these patients, is necessary for greater effectiveness in smoking cessation.
Complexity of autonomic nervous system function in individuals with COPD
Authors: Vanzella Laís Manata , Bernardo Aline Fernanda Barbosa , Carvalho Tatiana Dias de , Vanderlei Franciele Marques , Silva Anne Kastelianne França da , Vanderlei Luiz Carlos Marques
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate autonomic modulation in individuals with COPD, compared with healthy controls, via recurrence plots (RPs) and linear heart rate variability (HRV) indices. Methods: We analyzed data on 74 volunteers, who were divided into two groups: COPD (n = 43) and control (n = 31). For calculation of HRV indices, heart rate was measured beat-by-beat during 30 min of supine rest using a heart-rate meter. We analyzed linear indices in the time and frequency domains, as well as indices derived from the RPs. Results: In comparison with the control group, the COPD group showed significant increases in the indices derived from the RPs, as well as significant reductions in the linear indices in the time and frequency domains. No significant differences were observed in the linear indices in the frequency domains expressed in normalized units or in the low frequency/high frequency ratio. Conclusions: Individuals with COPD show a reduction in both sympathetic and parasympathetic activity, associated with decreased complexity of autonomic nervous system function, as identified by RPs, which provide important complementary information in the detection of autonomic changes in this population.
Is suicidal ideation associated with allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis?
Authors: Bedolla-Barajas Martín , Pulido-Guillén Norma Angélica , Vivar-Aburto Bolívar , Morales-Romero Jaime , Ortiz-Peregrina José Raúl , Robles-Figueroa Martín
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate whether there is an association between suicidal ideation (SI) and allergic diseases in adults. Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study involving individuals ranging from 20 to 50 years of age recruited from a university hospital in the city of Guadalajara, Mexico. We included patients with a confirmed diagnosis of allergic asthma, those with a confirmed diagnosis of allergic rhinitis, and healthy controls. All subjects completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), which includes an item that evaluates the presence of suicidal thoughts or desires within the last two weeks, in order to identify SI. Results: The sample comprised 115 patients with allergic asthma, 111 patients with allergic rhinitis, and 96 healthy controls. The number of individuals identified with SI in the three groups were, respectively, 17 (14.8%), 13 (11.7%), and 8 (8.3%). Regarding the presence of SI, no statistically significant association was found in the allergic asthma group (OR = 1.98; 95% CI: 0.78-4.64; p = 0.154) or in the allergic rhinitis group (OR = 1.46; 95% CI: 0.58-3.68; p = 0.424) when they were compared with the control group. However, the presence of depression was associated with SI in the three groups: allergic asthma (OR = 12.36; 95% CI: 2.67-57.15; p = 0.001); allergic rhinitis (OR = 6.20; 95% CI: 1.66-23.14; p = 0.006); and control (OR = 21.0; 95% CI: 3.75-117.36; p < 0,001). Conclusions: In comparison with the control group, no association was found between SI and the groups with allergic diseases. In contrast, there was association between SI and depression in the three groups.
Lung cancer in Brazil
Authors: Araujo Luiz Henrique , Baldotto Clarissa , Castro Jr Gilberto de , Katz Artur , Ferreira Carlos Gil , Mathias Clarissa , Mascarenhas Eldsamira , Lopes Gilberto de Lima , Carvalho Heloisa , Tabacof Jaques , Martínez-Mesa Jeovany , Viana Luciano de Souza , Cruz Marcelo de Souza , Zukin Mauro , Marchi Pedro De , Terra Ricardo Mingarini , Ribeiro Ronaldo Albuquerque , Lima Vladmir Cláudio Cordeiro de , Werutsky Gustavo , Barrios Carlos Henrique
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT Lung cancer is one of the most incident types of cancer and a leading cause of cancer mortality in Brazil. We reviewed the current status of lung cancer by searching relevant data on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in the country. This review highlights several issues that need to be addressed, including smoking control, patient lack of awareness, late diagnosis, and disparities in the access to cancer health care facilities in Brazil. We propose strategies to help overcome these limitations and challenge health care providers, as well as the society and governmental representatives, to work together and to take a step forward in fighting lung cancer.
Soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor as a measure of treatment response in acute exacerbation of COPD
Authors: AboEl-Magd Gehan Hassan , Mabrouk Maaly Mohamed
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the value of soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) in the diagnosis of acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) and in monitoring treatment response, analyzing the relationship between suPAR and fibrinogen in AECOPD. AECOPD leads to increased airway inflammation, contributing to an exaggerated release of inflammatory mediators. Methods: We recruited 45 patients with AECOPD and 20 healthy control subjects. Medical histories were taken, and all subjects underwent clinical examination, chest X-ray, pulmonary function tests, and blood gas analysis. On day 1 (treatment initiation for the AECOPD patients) and day 14 (end of treatment), blood samples were collected for the determination of serum suPAR and plasma fibrinogen. Results: Serum levels of suPAR were significantly higher in the AECOPD group than in the control group. In the AECOPD patients, there was a significant post-treatment decrease in the mean serum suPAR level. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of suPAR were 95.6%, 80.0%, and 93.0%, respectively. The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stage (i.e., COPD severity) correlated positively and significantly with serum levels of suPAR and plasma levels of fibrinogen. Conclusions: Monitoring the serum suPAR level can be helpful in the evaluation of the COPD treatment response and might be a valuable biomarker for determining the prognosis of AECOPD. Because serum suPAR correlated with plasma fibrinogen, both markers could be predictive of AECOPD.
Risk factors and infection due to Cryptosporidium spp. in dogs and cats in southern Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Moreira Andrios da Silva , Baptista Cristiane Telles , Brasil Carolina Litchina , Valente Júlia de Souza Silveira , Bruhn Fábio Raphael Pascoti , Pereira Daniela Isabel Brayer
Published: March 2018

Abstract This study investigated the frequency of oocysts of Cryptosporidium spp. in feces from dogs and cats in five municipalities in the southern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The risk factors associated with infection were also investigated. Feces samples from 110 dogs and 18 cats were stained using the auramine method. At the time of feces sampling, a questionnaire with semi-open-ended questions was applied to the animal guardians and all data obtained underwent statistical analysis. The real frequency of oocysts of Cryptosporidium spp. was 24.63% (27 dogs and two cats). Only four samples of dog feces were diarrheic and no presence of oocysts was observed in any of them. Variables that represented risk factors for infection were: homemade food, untreated water, circulation of animals on grassy terrain and living in the same environment as other animals (cattle). The results made it possible to inferring that within the population studied, the frequency of parasitism due to Cryptosporidium spp. in dogs was relevant and emphasize the asymptomatic nature of this infection. The adopting control measures are highlighted, particularly in relation to variables that represent risk factors for this infection.
A new species of Acanthobothrium (Eucestoda: Onchobothriidae) in Aetobatus cf. narinari (Myliobatidae) from Campeche, México
Authors: Rodríguez-Ibarra Erick , Pulido-Flores Griselda , Violante-González Juan , Monks Scott
Published: March 2018

Abstract The helminthological examination of nine individuals of Aetobatus cf. narinari (spotted eagle ray; raya pinta; arraia pintada) revealed the presence of an undescribed species of cestode of the genus Acanthobothrium. The stingrays were collected from four locations in México: Laguna Términos, south of Isla del Carmen and the marine waters north of Isla del Carmen and Champotón, in the State of Campeche, and Isla Holbox, State of Quintana Roo. The new species, nominated Acanthobothrium marquesi, is a category 3 species (i.e, the strobila is long, has more than 50 proglottids, the numerous testicles greater than 80, and has asymmetrically-lobed ovaries); at the present, the only category 3 species that has been reported in the Western Atlantic Ocean is Acanthobothrium tortum. Acanthobothrium marquesi n. sp. can be distinguished from A. tortum by length (26.1 cm vs. 10.6 cm), greater number of proglottids (1,549 vs. 656), a larger scolex (707 µm long by 872 µm wide vs. 699 µm long by 665 µm wide), larger bothridia (626 µm long by 274 µm wide vs. 563 µm long by 238 µm wide). This is the first report of a species of Acanthobothrium from the Mexican coast of the Gulf México.
Is competition an interaction as relevant as predation for tropical planktonic cladocerans?
Authors: Ferreira Tânia Cristina dos Santos , Arcifa Marlene Sofia , Domingos Andrés Ricardo
Published: March 2018

Abstract Aim To test the relevance of competition and predation for the two most abundant and frequent cladoceran populations, the medium-sized Ceriodaphnia richardi Sars, 1901 and the large-sized Daphnia gessneri Herbst, 1967, in a tropical shallow lake. Methods Laboratory experiments and weekly samplings in the lake for a year were performed to evaluate: density fluctuations and reproduction; predation on juveniles and adults by larvae of Chaoborus brasiliensis Theobald, 1901; competitive interactions and possible implications of competition and predation on the fluctuations of populations in the lake. Juveniles and adults of both cladocerans were offered to larvae instar IV of chaoborid, for testing selective predation in laboratory experiment. Competitive interaction between the two cladocerans was tested in experiments, with high (0.70 mg C.L-1) and low (0.25 mg C.L-1) concentrations of the edible chlorophycean Desmodesmus spinosus Chodat. Results C. richardi and D. gessneri were more abundant in the cool season, when their densities were inversely correlated, and when invertebrate predators, C. brasiliensis and the water mite Krendowskia sp., were less abundant. Despite higher concentrations of food and larger number of offsprings produced by the cladocerans in the warm season in the lake, their densities were lower, coincident with the increase of invertebrate predators, mainly chaoborid larvae. C. brasiliensis preyed on adult C. richardi and on young D. gessneri. In the competition experiments, the densities and the population growth rates of C. richardi were higher than those of D. gessneri. The competition results support the “small body size” and the “rmax” hypotheses. The exclusion of D. gessneri by C. richardi occurred only in experimental conditions, while they coexist in the lake, but without reaching their carrying capacity. Conclusions Predation is the key factor influencing the populations of cladocerans, whereas competition seems to play a secondary role, probably restricted to some periods of lower food concentration in the cool season.
Eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems: a scientometric study
Authors: Costa Jéssica Alves da , Souza João Paulo de , Teixeira Ana Paula , Nabout João Carlos , Carneiro Fernanda Melo
Published: March 2018

Abstract Aim: Reveal the direction for future studies about eutrophication, or even reveal the preoccupation among the scientific community about this environmental problem. With a systematic synthesis of eutrophication studies, scientists may be able to understand the state of the literature on aquatic ecosystems around the world. This study intends to identify the main factors used to control algal blooms and the eutrophication process, the countries and environments which have more research about this theme or even identify the articles’ subjects in different periods (e.g.: Experimental, theoretic, monitoring, conservation). Methods We analyzed all studies published in the Thomson ISI Web of Science on both eutrophication and phytoplankton between 2001 and 2016. Results During the period analyzed, we observed an increase in concern about this subject. Authors from institutions in the USA and China wrote most of the studies. The most important geographic and socioeconomic aspects to determine the publication number were total area and HDI respectively. However, the main determinant for the publication about this subject was international collaboration. Some of the most actual themes in ecology and conservation (e.g.: functional groups, climate change, experiment, perdition models, regional scales, invasive species) were addressed in the studies analysed. Invasive species such as Tilapia and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii were the most cited species on these keywords. Conclusion Despite the current issues addressed in the studies on phytoplankton and eutrophication, some subjects, such as climate change or spatial pattern, were only common in years more recent. Even though studies focusing in functional diversity are highly relevant for conservation, they were not common in any year studied. The major determinant factor related to the increasing in eutrophication knowledge was the international collaboration
Rechargeable Multi-Valent Metal-Air Batteries
Authors: Hardwick Laurence J. , de León Carlos Ponce
Published: March 2018

Rechargeable metal-oxygen cells could exceed the stored energy of today’s most advanced lithium-ion cells. However challenges exist that must be overcome to bring this technology into practical application. These challenges include, among others, the recharge and cyclability efficiency, materials development and improvements in fundamental understanding of the electrochemistry and chemistry inside the cell. The common challenges for the anode, including corrosion, passivation and dendrite formation and those for the air cathode and the electrolyte are summarised in this review for cells based on magnesium, calcium, aluminium, silicon, zinc and iron.
SINTESIS METIL ESTER SULFONAT MELALUI SULFONASI METIL ESTER MINYAK KEDELAI UNTUK APLIKASI CHEMICAL FLOODING
Authors: Putra Richie , Ismayanti Renisa , Kalista Agam Duma
Published: March 2018

Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan sintesis Metil Ester Sulfonat (MES)dari bahan baku yaitu Methyl Soyate dengan NaHSO3 sebagai agent pensulfonasi. Tahapan proses untuk sintesis Metil Ester Sulfonat yaitu reaksi sulfonasi, pemurnian, penetralan dan pemisahan. Reaksi sulfonasi dilakukan pada beberapa kondisi proses yaitu, suhu reaksi 100 °C, 110 °C, 120 °C, waktu reaksi 210 menit, 270 menit, 330 menit dan rasio mol reaktan antara metil ester dengan NaHSO3 (1:1,1:1,5,1:2) dengan katalis Al2O3 1,5% pada reaksi sulfonasi. Pemurnian dilakukan pada 55 °C dan 60 menit dengan penambahan metanol 35 %(v/v). Penetralan dilakukan dengan NaOH 20% sampai pH6-8. Metanol sisa pada Metil Ester Sulfonat kemudian dipisahkan menggunakan rotary evaporator. MES yang dinyatakan memenuhi uji kompabilitas yaitu MES pada variabel (100 °C, 210 menit dan rasio mol 1:2). Selanjutnya dilakukan uji FT-IR untuk melihat terbentuknya gugus sulfonat. Pada hasil uji FT-IR gugus sulfonat terbentuk pada spektrum panjang gelombang antara (1000-1300) cm-1 dimana puncak tertinggi terdapat pada panjang gelombang 1176 cm-1. Dari hasil uji kualitatif tersebut kemudian MES diuji secara kuantitatif yaitu dengan pengujian IFT menggunakan bahan pembanding light oil lapangan X. Didapatkan penurunan tegangan permukaan antara brine water 12.000 ppm dengan light oil (lapangan X) dengan penambahan 0,3 %(v/v). MES dari sampel blanko sebesar 3,36 dyne/cm2 menjadi 1,54 dyne/cm2.
Interpreting Process Analyzed Based on the Multidirectional Reformulation Activities of New Learners
Authors: Yamada Hiroko
Published: March 2018

Aiming at a comprehensive account of interpreting processing, this paper first examines the efficacy of reformulation activities employed in interpreting classes at a university and then analyzes the reformulating products so as to explore the comprehension and the reformulation phases in line with three distinguished hypotheses. They are the meaning-based comprehension (deverbalization) and the form-based comprehension, both of which have the precedence over reformulation phase, and the TL parallel processing occurring during the SL comprehension, in which language-pair specific process is discussed by investigating multi-directional language combinations: from L1 to L1, L1 to L2, L2 to L2, and L2 to L1 reformulations. The main findings of this study suggest that the process of reformulating varies, depending on specific language pairs, which may shed light on the salient link between language combinations and the interpreting process.
TEFL Teachers’ Conceptions of Writing: A Case of China
Authors: Kong Yunjun
Published: March 2018

In teaching writing in English as a foreign language (EFL) context, a little information is known about teachers’ knowledge base of writing. The current study, therefore, used the case of Chinese context to explore how TEFL (teaching English as a foreign language) teachers understand writing and what impacts their conceptions. A questionnaire containing the natures, functions, and development of writing, and text features of good writing were developed to collect data online; items had 5-point Likert scales. 490 (female 76.3%) participants were engaged in the sample. Respondents generally identify linguistic, cultural and cognitive natures of writing, but many question its social nature, and a few are in trouble with recognizing the multifaceted concepts of writing. Participants highlight writing functions related to the self and self-expression but fail to note those targeting the addressees. The majority accede to the facilitation of other language skills and writing instruction to the development of writing, but lay the greatest stress on the transfer effects of reading. When evaluating texts, they do not seem to focus on linguistic features more relevant to foreign language learning (e.g. vocabulary, grammar). Demographic components (gender, teaching experience, school level, class size, and frequency of writing instruction) do not influence their conceptions systematically. These findings may be of interest for in-service teacher trainers.