bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Betydelsen av historisk rättvisa efter kolonialismen
Authors: Collste Göran
Published: June 2015

Artikeln tar sin utgångspunkt i två aktuella exempel på krav på historisk rättvisa efter kolonialismen: forna Mau-Mau-kämpars krav på gottgörelse för britternas övergrepp på 1950-talet och hererofolkets krav till Tyskland på gottgörelse för det folkmord som ägde rum 1904–1907. Dessa exempel aktualiserar frågan om historisk rättvisa. Vad innebär historisk rättvisa? Vilka krav på historisk rättvisa är berättigade att ställa? Hur lång tid efter övergrepp och våld finns det skäl att kräva gottgörelse? Kan kraven ärvas till efterkommande generationer? Vem bör gottgöra dem som drabbats? Dessa frågor måste besvaras för att man skall kunna ta ställning till krav på gottgörelse och rättvisa. Syftet med denna artikel är att identifiera och söka besvara en rad frågor som krav på gottgörande rättvisa efter kolonialismen ställer. Avslutningsvis diskuteras kraven från Mau-Mau-kämparna som var internerade i brittiska läger och hererofolkets krav på kompensation från Tyskland.Nyckelord: Gottgörande rättvisa, kompensation, kolonialism, herero, Mau-Mau, global rättvisa, historisk rättvisaEnglish summary: The Meaning of Historical Justice after ColonialismRecently, four Kikuyus and former Kenyan Mau-Mau fighters claimed compensation for castration, torture and rape committed in the British detention camps in the 1950s. Also recently, representatives of the Herero people went to Berlin to bring home skulls that Germans brought to Berlin after the genocide at the beginning of the Twentieth Century. The detentions and abuses of Kikuyu and the genocide of the Herero people are just two examples of offenses carried out by European nations during colonialism. Do these offenses have any reverberations today? Should we simply forget about the deeds that happened such a long time ago or do they raise any legal or moral questions?The concept of justice has two dimensions, distributional and rectificatory. This article focuses on the meaning and implication of rectificatory justice for historical wrongs. The simple idea that if A is harming B, A has to correct her act, i.e. the basic idea of rectificatory justice, presupposes a line of complicated assumptions when it is applied to specific historical incidences, for example colonialism.A model provides a basis for an explication of rectificatory justice. It is then applied to a discussion of rectification after colonialism. The questions of who can rightly claim rectification and who owes rectification, if there are temporal limitations to rectification and what rectification after colonialism would imply are discussed. The article ends with an explication of the meaning of rectificatory justice, an argumentation for why rectificatory justice is commendable and an assessment of the demands of the Mau-Mau-fighters and the Herero.
Fastlegers reservasjonsadgang – hyklersk eller velbegrunnet?
Authors: Magelssen Morten , Langeland Gard Olav
Published: June 2015

I debatten om fastlegers adgang til reservasjon mot henvisning til abort hevdet noen at reservasjonslegenes ønske er selvmotsigende og utilstrekkelig begrunnet. Det ble hevdet at reservasjonslegenes foreslåtte balansegang – å nekte henvisning til abort, men i stedet legge til rette for at en kollega henviser («kollegahenvisning») – er etisk inkonsistent og innebærer et særegent etisk hykleri, som har blitt kalt «de rene henders etikk». Ved nærmere ettersyn viser det seg at denne viktige kritikken har brodd mot noen måter å praktisere reservasjon på, men ikke mot alle. Selv om den konkrete saken fikk en løsning som ikke innebærer reservasjonsadgang, er anklagen om «de rene henders etikk» prinsipielt interessant og kan anspore en diskusjon om samvittighetsfrihetens og toleransens grenser, et tema som vil vende tilbake til offentlighetens søkelys i stadig nye former.Nøkkelord: medisinsk etikk, naturrett, reservasjonsrett, samvittighetsfrihetEnglish summary: Conscientious objection for general practitioners – hypocritical or well-justified?In the Norwegian debate about General Practitioners’ (GP) right to conscientious objection to referrals for abortion, some claimed that the GPs’ request was self-contradictory and inadequately justified. It was claimed that the GPs’ suggested balancing act, that is, refusing referral for abortion, while instead facilitating referral by a colleague, is ethically inconsistent and implies a particular kind of ethical hypocrisy, termed ‘the ethics of clean hands’. Upon closer inspection, however, it turns out that this important critique applies to some ways of practicing conscientious refusal, but not to all. Even though this particular case was resolved in a way that does not involve toleration of conscientious objection, the charge of ‘ethics of clean hands’ is fundamentally interesting, and may spur a discussion of freedom of conscience and the limits of tolerance, a topic that will be recurring in the public square in ever new shapes.
Metadata for a long-term climate series from the Russian meteorological station “Pyramiden” (1948-1957) at Svalbard ( Short Communication)
Authors: Ivanov Boris V. , Sviashchennikov Pavel N. , Zhuravskiy Danila M. , Pavlov Alexey K. , Forland Eirik J.
Published: June 2015

Soviet weather station "Pyramiden" was located in the same mining settlement on the northern shore of the Mimer bukta (Billefjorden, West Spitsbergen Island). Research station operated from 1948 to 1957, as a branch of Barentsburg research observatory (Grnfjorden, West Spitsbergen Island). It was the only station that held regular meteorological observations in the inland areas of the archipelago. Observational data (in the form of handwritten books and tables) are preserved in state fond of Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI, St. Petersburg, Russia). So far, these data have not been digitized and with their help not conducted any climate researches. Fruitful scientific collaboration between MET-Norway (Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo) and AARI helped preserve these unique data to the polar scientific community. Now specialists-climatologists of both institutions complete joint climate researches that in the near future will be available to scientists, studying modern climate changes in the polar regions of the Earth.
Sea ice metadata for Billefjorden and Grnfjorden, Svalbard
Authors: Ivanov Boris V. , Sviashchennikov Pavel N. , Zhuravskiy Danila M. , Pavlov Alexey K. , Frland Eirik J. , Isaksen Ketil
Published: June 2015

Description of sea ice conditions in the fjords of Svalbard is crucial for sea transport as well as studies of local climate and climate change. Old observations from the Russian Hydrometeorological stations in the mining settlements Barentsburg (Grnfjorden) and Pyramiden (Billefjorden) have now been digitized. These visual and instrumental observations are archived in the State Archive of Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI) and Murmansk Branch of the Russian Hydrometeorological Service. In this paper, we bring an overview of the sea ice metadata with few examples of yearly changes in sea ice extent.
Central and Eastern European Attitudes in the Face of Union
Authors: Hloušek Vít
Published: June 2015

Guerra, Somina. 2013. Central and Eastern European Attitudes in the Face of Union. Basingstoke - New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 179 pages.
De novo 11q13.4q14.3 tetrasomy with uniparental isodisomy for 11q14.3qter
Authors: Xiao Bing , Xu Huihui , Ye Hui , Hu Qin , Chen Yingwei , Qiu Wenjuan
Published: June 2015

Interstitial triplications in conjunction with uniparental disomy (UPD) have been rarely reported. Here we report on a patient with de novo triplication at 11q13.4‐q14.3 and UPD for 11q14.3‐qter. Chromosomal analysis showed a karyotype of 46, XYqh+, der (11), and normal parental karyotypes. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array detected an 18.7 Mb copy number gain consistent with tetrasomy for 11q13.4‐q14.3 (chr11:71,002,347 bp–89,725,167 bp, hg19) and absence of heterozygosity for a 45 Mb stretch on 11q and consistent with uniparental isodisomy at 11q14.3‐qter (chr11:89,843,477 bp–134,930,689 bp, hg19) in our patient. FISH analysis using two probes on both sides of the tetrasomic region showed an inverted 11q13.4‐q14.3 region between two direct oriented 11q13.4‐q14.3 segments (11q13.4‐q14.3::11q14.3‐q13.4::11q13.4‐qter). Previously reported features of duplication overlapping 11q13‐q14 showed clinical variability. Our patient presented with some of those frequently described features, such as development delay, facial dysmorphism, and microcephaly but without congenital heart disease. Moreover, our patient had in addition a brain anomaly (absence of cerebellar vermis and partial absence of corpus callosum) which has not been reported. To our knowledge, this is the sixth patient reported an intrachromosomal triplication together with UPD. Interstitial 11q duplication overlapping 11q13‐q14 is associated with intellectual disability/development delay, microcephaly, and facial dysmorphism but also other malformations. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Socio‐demographic predictors of sleep complaints in indigenous Siberians with a mixed economy
Authors: Wilson Hannah J. , Klimova Tatiana M. , Knuston Kristen L. , Fedorova Valentina I. , Fedorov Afanasy , Yegorovna Baltakhinova M. , Leonard William R.
Published: June 2015

Objectives:

Socio‐demographic indicators closely relate to sleep in industrialized populations. However we know very little about how such factors impact sleep in populations undergoing industrialization. Within populations transitioning to the global economy, the preliminary evidence has found an inconsistent relationship between socio‐demographics and sleep complaints across countries and social strata.

Materials and methods:

Surveys were conducted on a sample of rural Sakha (Yakut) adults (n = 168) during the autumn of 2103 to assess variation in socio‐demographics and sleep complaints, including trouble sleeping and daytime sleepiness. Socio‐demographic variables included age, gender, socioeconomic measures, and markers of traditional/market‐based lifestyle. We tested whether the socio‐demographic variables predicted sleep complaints using bivariate analyses and multiple logistic regressions.

Results:

Trouble sleeping was reported by 18.5% of the participants and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) by 17.3%. Trouble sleeping was significantly predicted by older age, female gender, and mixing traditional and market‐based lifestyles. EDS was not significantly predicted by any socio‐demographic variable.

Discussion:

These findings support the few large‐scale studies that found inconsistent relationships between measures of socioeconomic status and sleep complaints in transitioning populations. Employing a mix of traditional and market‐based lifestyles may leave Sakha in a space of vulnerability, leading to trouble sleeping. Am J Phys Anthropol 157:641–647, 2015. © 2015 The Authors. American Journal of Physical Anthropology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biosynthetic Mechanism of Lanosterol: Cyclization
Authors: Chen Nanhao , Wang Shenglong , Smentek Lidia , Hess B. Andes , Wu Ruibo
Published: June 2015

The remarkable cyclization mechanism of the formation of the 6‐6‐6‐5 tetracyclic lanosterol (a key triterpenoid intermediate in the biosynthesis of cholesterol) from the acyclic 2,3‐oxidosqualene catalyzed by oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC) has stimulated the interest of chemists and biologists for over a half century. Herein, the elaborate, state‐of‐the‐art two‐dimensional (2D) QM/MM MD simulations have clearly shown that the cyclization of the A–C rings involves a nearly concerted, but highly asynchronous cyclization, to yield a stable intermediate with “6‐6‐5” rings followed by the ring expansion of the C‐ring concomitant with the formation of the D‐ring to yield the “6‐6‐6‐5” protosterol cation. The calculated reaction barrier of the rate‐limiting step (≈22 kcal mol−1) is comparable to the experimental kinetic results. Furthermore all previous experimental mutagenic evidence is highly consistent with the identified reaction mechanism.
Gadolinium‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Enantioselective Aminolysis of Aromatic trans‐2,3‐Epoxy Sulfonamides
Authors: Wang Chuan , Yamamoto Hisashi
Published: June 2015

The first enantioselective aminolysis of aromatic trans‐2,3‐epoxy sulfonamides has been accomplished, which was efficiently catalyzed by a Gd‐N,N′‐dioxide complex. Under the directing effect of the sulfonamide moiety the ring‐opening reaction proceeded selectively at the C‐3 position in a highly enantioselective manner furnishing various Ts‐ and SES‐protected 3‐amino‐3‐phenylpropan‐2‐olamines as products.
Local brain connectivity across development in autism spectrum disorder: A cross‐sectional investigation
Authors: Dajani Dina R. , Uddin Lucina Q.
Published: June 2015

There is a general consensus that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is accompanied by alterations in brain connectivity. Much of the neuroimaging work has focused on assessing long‐range connectivity disruptions in ASD. However, evidence from both animal models and postmortem examination of the human brain suggests that local connections may also be disrupted in individuals with the disorder. Here, we investigated how regional homogeneity (ReHo), a measure of similarity of a voxel's timeseries to its nearest neighbors, varies across age in individuals with ASD and typically developing (TD) individuals using a cross‐sectional design. Resting‐state fMRI data obtained from a publicly available database were analyzed to determine group differences in ReHo between three age cohorts: children, adolescents, and adults. In typical development, ReHo across the entire brain was higher in children than in adolescents and adults. In contrast, children with ASD exhibited marginally lower ReHo than TD children, while adolescents and adults with ASD exhibited similar levels of local connectivity as age‐matched neurotypical individuals. During all developmental stages, individuals with ASD exhibited lower local connectivity in sensory processing brain regions and higher local connectivity in complex information processing regions. Further, higher local connectivity in ASD corresponded to more severe ASD symptomatology. These results demonstrate that local connectivity is disrupted in ASD across development, with the most pronounced differences occurring in childhood. Developmental changes in ReHo do not mirror findings from fMRI studies of long‐range connectivity in ASD, pointing to a need for more nuanced accounts of brain connectivity alterations in the disorder. Autism Res 2015. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhanced biobutanol production using novel clostridial fusants in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of green renewable agriculture residues
Authors: Begum Sarkar , Dahman Yaser
Published: June 2015

Thermostable Clostridia species were developed in the present study through protoplast fusion between mesophilic and thermophilic clostridial species. Two parental strains of Clostridia species, Clostridium acetobutylicum (ATCC 4259) and Clostridium beijerinckii (ATCC BA101), along with three fused strains, Clostridium acetobutylicum Clostridium thermocellum (CaCt), Clostridium beijerinckii Clostridium thermocellum (CbCt) and Clostridium acetobutylicum Clostridium beijerinckii (CaCb), were examined for biobutanol production using wheat straw (WS) as a feedstock in a batch process of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). The objective of the study was to use the thermotolerant fused strains to enhance enzymatic activity during the SSF by raising the incubation temperature and thereby eventually increasing biobutanol production. Results from the current study indicated that the fused strains were able to produce the required enzymes at higher temperature essential for the saccharification of WS (i.e., endoglucanase, exoglucanase, and β‐glucosidase). This will have a major impact on eliminating costs associated with adding enzymes to the saccharification process. Fused strain CbCt achieved the highest biobutanol production of up to 14.13 g/L (i.e., a yield of 0.29) at 45 °C with total sugar consumption of 82%. Enzymatic activity of CbCt was found to be 61.67 FPU (filter paper unit) which was the highest in comparison with other fused strains evaluated in this study. These results indicate a breakthrough for the technological and economical obstacles associated with industrialization of the SSF process. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Mass Transfer Evolution in a Reactive Spray during Carbon Dioxide Capture
Authors: Ouboukhlik Maria , Godard Gilles , Saengkaew Sawitree , Fournier‐Salaün Marie‐Christine , Estel Lionel , Grehan Gérard
Published: June 2015

In view of global warming, improvement of CO2 capture efficiency in addition to carbon valorization has become a major concern. In the last decade, post‐combustion capture using amines evolved as one of the most mature technologies for industrial applications. The understanding of mass transfer phenomena is still a challenge for enhancing the absorption step. The mass transfer in a spray column during CO2 absorption using monoethanolamine as a solvent was characterized. An innovative optical technique called global rainbow technology as a non‐intrusive approach to investigate mass transfer is used to measure the amount of CO2 absorbed in a cloud of droplets in the spray. The CO2 absorbed flux obtained from experiments is compared to a basic mass transfer model simulated on Comsol Multyphysics®.
Identification and Fibrinolytic Evaluation of an Isoindolone Derivative Isolated from a Rare Marine Fungus Stachybotrys longispora FG216
Authors: Wang Ge , Wu Wenhui , Zhu Quangang , Fu Shiqing , Wang Xiaoyu , Hong Shaotong , Guo Ruihua , Bao Bin
Published: June 2015

An isoindolone derivative, Fungi fibrinolytic compound (R)‐2,5‐bis((2R,3R)‐2‐((E)‐4,8‐dimethylnona‐3,7‐dien‐1‐yl)‐3,5‐dihydroxy‐2‐methyl‐7‐oxo‐3,4,7,9‐tetrahydropyrano[2,3‐e]isoindol‐8(2H)‐yl)pentanoic acid (FGFC1, Fungi fibrinolytic compound 1), was isolated from a rare marine microorganism strain Stachybotrys longispora FG216. The structure of FGFC1 was elucidated by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, and MS data; moreover, it was also evaluated for fibrinolytic activity in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that 0.1–0.4 mmol/L of FGFC1 could stimulate generation of plasmin activity (increased by 2.05–11.44 folds) by measuring Glu‐plasminogen and Lys‐plasminogen activation in vitro. The experiment of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐fibrinogen degradation indicated that the effect of FGFC1 on fibrinolytic activity was mediated by plasminogen and scuPA. In addition, FGFC1 (10 mg/kg) could dissolve most of pulmonary thrombus of Wistar rat in vivo. It is possible that FGFC1 is a potential thrombolytic agent in the future.
Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of novel platinum containing anticancer agent BP‐C1 studied in rabbits using sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Navolotskii Denis V. , Ivanenko Natalya B. , Solovyev Nikolay D. , Fedoros Elena I. , Panchenko Andrey V.
Published: June 2015

A method of platinum quantification in whole blood samples after microwave digestion using sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry has been developed. The following analytical figures of merit have been established: limit of detection 1.1 µg/L for blood samples, dynamic range 3.6–200 µg/L, intra‐day precision (relative standard deviation, n = 9) did not exceed 5%. Spiked samples were analyzed for method validation. The method was used for pharmacokinetics studies of a novel anti‐cancer drug BP‐С1, a complex of cis‐configured platinum and benzene‐poly‐carboxylic acids. Main pharmacokinetic parameters (area under curve, maximum concentration, clearance, half‐life times for α‐ and β‐phase) were estimated for two dosage forms of BP‐C1 0.05 and 0.125 mass %. Pharmacokinetic curves were assessed for single and course administration. Studies were performed using rabbits (n = 6) as a model. BP‐C1 was injected intramuscularly. The study established dose proportionality of the tested dosage forms and suggested clinical dosing schedule: 5 days of injections followed by 2 days’ break. Platinum tissue distribution was studied in tissue samples collected 20 days after the last injection. Predominant platinum accumulation was observed in kidneys, liver, and muscles near injection site. ‘Slow’ phase of platinum excretion kinetics may be related to the muscles at the injection site. © 2015 The Authors. Drug Testing and Analysis published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Differential effects of temperature on the feeding kinematics of the tadpoles of two sympatric anuran species
Authors: de Sousa Verônica T.T. , Nomura Fausto , de C. Rossa‐Feres Denise , Andrade Gilda V. , Pezzuti Tiago L. , Wassersug Richard J. , Venesky Matthew D.
Published: June 2015

Temperature impacts ectotherm performance by influencing many biochemical and physiological processes. When well adapted to their environment, ectotherms should perform most efficiently at the temperatures they most commonly encounter. In the present study, we tested how differences in temperature affects the feeding kinematics of tadpoles of two anuran species: the benthic tadpole of Rhinella schneideri and the nektonic tadpole of Trachycephalus typhonius. Benthic and nektonic tadpoles have segregated distributions within ponds and thus tend to face different environmental conditions, such as temperature. Muscle contractile dynamics, and thus whole organism performance, is primarily temperature dependent for ectotherms. We hypothesized that changes in mean temperatures would have differential effects on the feeding kinematics of these two species. We conducted a laboratory experiment in which we used high‐speed videography to record tadpoles foraging at cold and warm temperatures. In general, tadpoles filmed at warm temperatures opened their jaws faster, attained maximum gape earlier, and exhibited shorter gape cycles than tadpoles in cold temperatures, irrespective of species. We also found species x temperature interactions regarding the closing phase velocity, and the percentage of time it takes tadpoles to achieve maximum gape and to start closing their jaws. These interactions could indicate that these two co‐occurring species differ in their sensitivity to differences in water temperature and have temperature‐dependent feeding strategies that maximize feeding performance in their preferred environment. J. Exp. Zool. 323A: 456–465, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Blood‐feeding ectoparasites as developmental stressors: Does corticosterone mediate effects of mite infestation on nestling growth, immunity and energy availability?
Authors: Pryor Leah J. Eisner , Casto Joseph M.
Published: June 2015

How resources are distributed to growth and self‐maintenance early in life is likely to impact survival and reproduction. Early resource allocation decisions may be particularly critical in altricial birds, as they have rapid developmental trajectories, and may be highly susceptible to environmental factors that can perturb development. The aim of this study was to determine if blood‐feeding ectoparasites act as developmental stressors in European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) nestlings, driving a trade‐off between growth and immunity. We hypothesized that because ectoparasites compete for resources they would induce growth‐immunity trade‐offs in parasitized nestlings. We also tested the hypothesis that changes in plasma corticosterone mediate the effects of ectoparasites on growth and immunity. Throughout development we assessed between‐nest variation in ectoparasite density, measured growth, and a variety of blood parameters, including plasma corticosterone. We also assessed immune function across development. We found that nestlings from nests with high levels of ectoparasites were smaller, had elevated blood glucose, lower hematocrit levels, and appeared to engage in compensatory growth prior to fledging. They also had elevated innate immune responses early, but reduced responses later relative to nestlings from nests with low levels of ectoparasites. Plasma corticosterone was not affected by ectoparasite load, but did increase with nestling age. Overall, we find evidence that ectoparasites are developmental stressors that affect growth‐immunity trade‐offs, but their effects do not appear to be mediated by changes in circulating levels of corticosterone. J. Exp. Zool. 323A: 466–477, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Developmental stages for the divergence of relative limb length between a twig and a trunk‐ground Anolis lizard species
Authors: Wakasa Hajime , Cádiz Antonio , Echenique‐Díaz Lázaro M. , Iwasaki Watal M. , Kamiyama Namiko , Nishimura Yuki , Yokoyama Hitoshi , Tamura Koji , Kawata Masakado
Published: June 2015

The divergent evolution of niche‐related traits can facilitate adaptive radiation, yet identification of the genetic or molecular mechanisms underlying such trait changes remains a major challenge in evolutionary biology. Conducting a detailed morphological comparison along growth trajectories is a powerful method for observing the formation of differences in niche‐related traits. Here, we focused on hindlimb length of Anolis lizards, differences in which are related to adaptation for use of different microhabitats. We measured the length of hindlimb skeletons in different ecomorphs of anole lizards (A. sagrei, a trunk‐ground ecomorph with long hindlimbs, and A. angusticeps, a twig ecomorph with short hindlimbs) from early embryonic stages to adulthood, to determine which hindlimb elements mainly differentiate the species and the timing of the formation of these differences. With respect to the digit, differences between the species mainly occurred during the embryonic stages of interdigit reduction, when the cartilage of the distal phalanges was simultaneously forming. In addition, we compared the relative length of developing autopods in early embryonic stages using whole‐mount in situ hybridization before the formation of the cartilaginous bones, and the results showed that the relative growth rate of the Hoxa11‐negative distal region in A. sagrei was greater than that in A. angusticeps. Our results show that there are several important developmental stages for hindlimb length differentiation between A. angusticeps and A. sagrei, depending on which hindlimb element is considered. In particular, the species differences were largely due to variations in digit length, which arose at early embryonic stages. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 324B: 410–423, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Retraction: Characterization of cellulolytic activities of newly isolated Thelephora sowerbyi from North‐Western Himalayas on different lignocellulosic substrates
Authors: Sharma Deepika , Goel Gunjan , Bansal Saurabh , Mahajan Rishi , Sharma B. M. , Chauhan Rajinder Singh
Published: June 2015

Characterization of cellulolytic activities of newly isolated Thelephora sowerbyi from North‐Western Himalayas on different lignocellulosic substrate J. Basic Microbiol. 2015, 55, 1–11 – DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201500107

The above article from the Journal of Basic Microbiology, published online on 08 June 2015 in Wiley Online Library as Early View (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jobm.201500107/pdf), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the Editor‐in‐Chief and Wiley‐VCH GmbH & Co. KGaA. The retraction has been agreed because the microorganism studied in the described experiments has been identified as the fungus Cotylidia pannosa (Gene Accession No. KT008117) instead of Thelephora sowerbyi. The culture has been identified on the basis of the sequence of the amplified ITS region of the microorganism which was submitted by the authors to the NCBI database.
Modeling the Pressure Generation in Aluminum‐Based Thermites
Authors: Baijot Vincent , Glavier Ludovic , Ducéré Jean‐Marie , Djafari Rouhani Mehdi , Rossi Carole , Estève Alain
Published: June 2015

The paper proposes a new theoretical model based on local thermodynamic equilibrium enabling the prediction of gas generation during the reaction of aluminum‐based thermites. We demonstrate that the model has the capability to predict the total pressure and the partial pressures of its components as a function of the reaction extent and compaction. Al/CuO, Al/Bi2O3, Al/Sb2O3, Al/MoO3, and Al/WO3 thermites are modeled and their capability to generate pressure is compared. Simulation results are also validated through dedicated experiments and show general agreement beyond the state of the art. Mechanisms underlying pressure generation are detailed. A two‐stage process for the pressure increase in Al/CuO reaction, also observed experimentally, is shown to be driven by oxygen generation as produced by CuO and Cu2O vaporization through different kinetics. Comparison with experimental data stresses the issue of understanding the complex chemical processes taking place during vaporization and subsequent gas phase reactions and the need to determine their thermodynamic constants.
Suppression effect of explosion in linked spherical vessels and pipelines impacted by wire‐mesh structure
Authors: Zhang Shangfeng , Wang Zhirong , Zuo Qingqing , Jiang Juncheng , Cheng Changde
Published: June 2015

A series of experiments are conducted to study suppression effect of multilayer wire‐mesh structure on methane‐air mixture explosion in linked vessels. Explosion suppression effect is analyzed for explosion suppression structures with different layers and meshes. The most reasonable multilayer wire‐mesh structure is obtained. The multilayer wire‐mesh has a greater impact on explosion intensity in the big vessel than that in the small vessel. The combination of different layer number and mesh number has different explosion suppression effect on explosion. Mesh number has little effect on explosion pressure in both vessels when the layers are few. When the layers are more, the explosion pressure in both vessels is greatly impacted by mesh number. Under the condition of the same mesh number, the more the layers are, the better the explosion suppression effect. 5 and 7 are the critical explosion suppression layer number for 40‐mesh and 60‐mesh wire‐mesh structure, respectively. Compared with 5‐layer 40‐mesh wire‐mesh structure, the effect of 7‐layer 60‐mesh wire‐mesh structure on explosion suppression is better. So, in actual explosion protection design, the optional explosion suppression structure should be decided by taking into account of the comprehensive effect of layer number and mesh number. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 35: 68–75, 2016
Electrical conductivity and relaxation processes in V2O5 nanorods prepared by sol–gel method
Authors: Prześniak‐Welenc M. , Szreder N. A. , Winiarski A. , Łapiński M. , Kościelska B. , Barczyński R. J. , Gazda M. , Sadowski W.
Published: June 2015

Properties of high purity V2O5 nanorods prepared by a sol–gel method are presented. The studied materials were characterized by: X‐ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrical impedance was measured as a function of temperature and frequency. The obtained results show that the electrical conductivity increases with increasing temperature. The d.c. conductivity exhibits activation energy of 0.23 eV (±0.01). Two dielectric relaxation processes were observed and attributed to the conductivity of grain boundaries and grains interiors
Robotic hysterectomy or myomectomy without power morcellation: A single‐port assisted three‐incision technique with manual morcellation
Authors: Chong Gun Oh , Lee Yoon Hee , Hong Dae Gy , Cho Young Lae , Lee Yoon Soon
Published: June 2015

Background

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a single‐port assisted three‐incision robotic hysterectomy or myomectomy with manual morcellation using a scalpel, and to introduce our novel surgical technique.

Methods

Between October 2010 and July 2014, 16 patients underwent robotic hysterectomy and 50 patients underwent robotic myomectomy using a single‐port assisted three‐incision technique. Manual morcellation through a single‐port site without power morcellation was used to remove the uterus or uterine fibroids.

Results

The mean operative times were 130.2 ± 32.6 min in the hysterectomy group and 178.8 ± 77.9 min in the myomectomy group. Intraoperative complications, including a rectal serosa injury and a small bowel injury, occurred in two cases. Three febrile morbidities occurred postoperatively. Finally, no complications were associated with manual morcellation.

Conclusions

Uterine tissues could be removed without any complications by manual morcellation within an endobag, using a scalpel. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) and ultrafined wollastonite on the physical properties and crystallization of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Authors: Chuayjuljit Saowaroj , Chaiwutthinan Phasawat , Raksaksri Laksamon , Boonmahitthisud Anyaporn
Published: June 2015

Recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (rPET), obtained mainly from postconsumer bottles, was melt‐mixed with either poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) or PBAT plus ultrafine wollastonite (∼5 μm) at different weight ratios on a twin‐screw extruder and then injection‐molded. Among the five rPET/PBAT blends (10–50 wt% PBAT) evaluated, the 80/20 wt% rPET/PBAT blend exhibited the highest tensile strength and degree of crystallinity, a slight increase in the tensile strain, and a remarkable increase in the melt flow index, but a lower tensile modulus and thermal stability with respect to the neat rPET. This blend was subsequently filled with four loading levels of wollastonite (10–40 wt%), where the tensile properties (modulus, strain at break, and strength) and thermal stability of the blend were all improved by the addition of wollastonite in a dose‐dependent manner. Based on differential scanning calorimetry analysis, the crystallinity of rPET in the rPET/PBAT/wollastonite composites decreased in the presence of wollastonite, accompanied with a noticeable increase in the glass transition, cold crystallization, and crystallization temperatures, but only a slight change in the melting temperature was noted compared with those of the neat 80/20 wt% blend. Moreover, the addition of wollastonite at 30 wt% or higher showed a strong reduction in the melt dripping of the composites during combustion. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 23:106–116, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Causes of mortality and temporal patterns in breeding season survival of lesser prairie‐chickens in shinnery oak prairies
Authors: Grisham Blake A. , Boal Clint W.
Published: June 2015

Baseline survival and mortality data for lesser prairie‐chickens (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) are lacking for shinnery oak (Quercus havardii) prairies. An understanding of the causes and timing of mortalities and breeding season survival in this ecoregion is important because shinnery oak prairies have hotter and drier environmental conditions, as well as different predator communities compared with the northern distribution of the species. The need for this information has become more pressing given the recent listing of the species as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. We investigated causes of mortality and survival of lesser prairie‐chickens during the 6‐month breeding season (1 Mar–31 Aug) of 2008–2011 on the Texas Southern High Plains, USA. We recorded 42 deaths of radiotagged individuals, and our results indicated female mortalities were proportionate among avian and mammalian predation and other causes of mortality but survival was constant throughout the 6‐month breeding season. Male mortalities were constant across avian and mammalian predation and other causes, but more mortalities occurred in June compared with other months. Male survival also varied by month, and survival probabilities were lower in June–August. We found predation on leks was rare, mortalities from fence collisions were rare, female survival did not decrease during incubation or brood‐rearing, and survival was influenced by drought. Our study corroborated recent studies that suggested lesser prairie‐chickens are living at the edge of their physiological tolerances to environmental conditions in shinnery oak prairies. As such, lesser prairie‐chickens in our study experienced different patterns of mortality and survival that we attributed to hot, dry conditions during the breeding season. Specifically, and converse to other studies on lesser prairie‐chicken survival and mortality, drought positively influenced female survival because females did not incubate eggs during drought conditions; the incubation period is when females are most vulnerable to predation. Male mortalities and survival were negatively influenced by drought later in the breeding season, which we attributed to rigorous lekking activities through late May combined with lack of food and cover as the breeding season progressed into summer. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Outcomes After Liver Resection for Hepatic Alveolar Echinococcosis: A Single‐Center Cohort Study
Authors: Joliat Gaëtan‐Romain , Melloul Emmanuel , Petermann David , Demartines Nicolas , Gillet Michel , Uldry Emilie , Halkic Nermin
Published: June 2015

Background

Switzerland is a region in which alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is endemic. Studies evaluating outcomes after liver resection (LR) for AE are scarce. The aim of this study was to assess the short‐ and long‐term outcomes of AE patients after LR in a single tertiary referral center.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed data pertaining to all patients with liver AE who were treated with LR at our institution between January 1992 and December 2013. Patient demographics, intraoperative data, extent of LR procedures (major vs. minor LR), postoperative outcomes, and negative histological margin (R0) resection rate were recorded in a database. Recurrence rates after LR were analyzed.

Results

LR was performed in 59 patients diagnosed with hepatic AE (56 complete surgeries, 3 reduction surgeries). Postoperative morbidity and mortality were observed in 34 % (25 % grade I–II, 9 % grade III–IV) and 2 % of the patients, respectively. R0 (complete) resection rate was 71 % (n = 42), and R1/R2 resection rate was 29 % (n = 17). Extra‐hepatic recurrence occurred in 1 case (lung) after R0 resection. In cases of R1/R2 resection, 7 intra‐hepatic disease progressions occurred with a median time of 10 months (IQR 6–11 months). Long‐term (more than 1 year) benzimidazole treatment stabilized the disease in 64 % (9/14) of patients with R1 status. The overall survival rate was 97 %.

Conclusions

Liver AE can be safely and definitively treated with LR, provided that R0 resection is achieved. In cases of R1 resection, benzimidazole therapy seems to be effective in stabilizing the intra‐hepatic disease and preventing extra‐hepatic recurrence.
The Effect of Body Mass Index on Perioperative Outcomes After Major Surgery: Results from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS‐NSQIP) 2005–2011
Authors: Sood Akshay , Abdollah Firas , Sammon Jesse D. , Majumder Kaustav , Schmid Marianne , Peabody James O. , Preston Mark A. , Kibel Adam S. , Menon Mani , Trinh Quoc‐Dien
Published: June 2015

Background

Obesity is associated with poor surgical outcomes and disparity in access‐to‐care. There is a lack of quality data on the effect of body mass index (BMI) on perioperative outcomes. Accordingly, we sought to determine the procedure specific, independent‐effect of BMI on 30‐day perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing major surgery.

Methods

Participants included individuals undergoing one of 16 major surgery (cardiovascular, orthopedic, oncologic; n = 141,802) recorded in the ACS‐NSQIP (2005–2011). Outcomes evaluated included complications, blood transfusion, length‐of‐stay (LOS), re‐intervention, readmission, and perioperative mortality. Multivariable‐regression models assessed the independent‐effect of BMI on outcomes.

Results

Nearly, 74 % of patients had a BMI disturbance; the majority being overweight (35.3 %) or obese (29.8 %). Morbidly obese patients constituted a small but significant proportion of the patients (5.7 %; n = 8067). In adjusted‐analyses, morbidly obese patients had significantly increased odds of wound complications in 15 of the examined procedures, of renal complications after 6‐procedures, of thromboembolism after 5‐procedures, of pulmonary, septic and UTI complications after 2‐procedures, and of cardiovascular complications after CABG. Conversely, obese/overweight patients, except for increased odds of wound complications after select procedures, had significantly decreased odds of perioperative mortality, prolonged‐LOS and blood transfusion relative to normal BMI patients after 4, 8, and 9 of the examined procedures.

Conclusions

The prevalence of BMI derangements in surgical patients is high. The effect of BMI on outcomes is procedure specific. Patients with BMI between 18.5 and 40‐kg/m2 at time of surgery fare equally well with regard to complications and mortality. However, morbidly obese patients are at‐risk for postsurgical complications and targeted preoperative‐optimization may improve outcomes and attenuate disparity in access‐to‐care.
It's All in the Hips: Sexual and Artistic Minority in Canadian Concert Jazz Dance
Authors: Newman Shawn
Published: June 2015

Contemporary sexual norms in Canada continue to dictate how sexuality should be presented on the stage in many styles of theatrical dance. Jazz dance is not excluded from this practice; in fact, since the early days of social dancing, jazz dance has often been considered synonymous with gratuitously deviant sex and sexuality. In contemporary artistic circles, concert jazz dance often finds itself subject to an additional classification as low-art because of this perceived relationship between sex and the dancing. This artistically marginalized position of concert jazz implies a conservative heteronormativity in Canada that is contrary to our apparent inclusion of subjugated sexual minorities as “normal.” “It's All in the Hips” explores sexuality in contemporary Canadian concert jazz dance to illustrate the potential for representations of marginalized sexualities on stage, and the perceived threat to artistic hegemony. While there is growing research into sexuality on the American stage in ballet and modern dance through scholars such as Jane C. Desmond, Jennifer Fisher, Susan Leigh Foster, and others, and also into jazz's roots in social dancing by Susan Manning, Anthea Kraut, Julie Malnig, and a growing host of scholars, very little work has been done on the Canadian concert jazz scene, save for the work of Iro Tembeck, Mark Miller, Meilan Lam, and a handful of dancers. This paper examines the intersection between sexual and artistic minority in Canadian concert jazz dance and problems that arise for positioning the form to dance audiences as high art.
Moving Studies: Somatic-Performative Research in a Wide Dance Field
Authors: Fernandes Ciane
Published: June 2015

This is a presentation of the principles of somatic-performative research with application to the audience's research. The proposal has been developed over ten years of artistic-scientific research at the Graduate Program of Performing Arts of Federal University of Bahia, Salvador BA, Brazil. The approach associates Somatic Education and Performance in dance research, especially regarding inner impulse in relation to the environment and collective awareness in a micro-macro political attitude.

While quantitative and qualitative research deals with practice as an object of study, in performative research, practice is in itself a research method (Haseman 2006). Somatic-performative research is defined and organized by thesomatic practice (“experienced body”), transforming the ephemeral nature of dance into the research'smodus operandi. From the starting point of inter-artistic moving principles with/in the environment, the object of study becomes a creative, live, and relational subject. Therefore, studies and methods become contaminated by the subject's dynamic nature, melting any prejudice ora priorisettings. In an unpredictable, autonomous, yet integrated, pulsing that destabilizes borders, discourses, and manners, dance becomes a spread-out medium of studies (rather than something to be studied).

As an integrated “soma,” dance research constantly dis-re-organizes “the way we form things,” subverting power relationships and discourses over art and the body. Somatic-performative exploration dilutes the separation and conflict between practice and theory, body and mind, art and science, dynamic multidimensional movement and fixed linear record, human and environment, place and non-place, matter and energy. In a connecting quantumspacetime, “being” is permanently perceived and reinvented as trans-cellular intelligence in movement or creative somatic wisdom in a “culture of becoming” with/in a “deep ecology.”
Seasonality and host–parasite interrelationship of Mytilus galloprovincialis parasites in Turkish Black Sea coasts
Authors: Özer Ahmet , Güneydağ Sevilay
Published: June 2015

This is the first comprehensive research study on the parasites of Mytilus galloprovincialis collected from the Sinop coasts of the Black Sea and their relationships with several environmental and biotic factors. A total of 1740 mussels were collected monthly at three sampling localities representing different ecosystems in the period between August 2012 and July 2013 and examined for parasites. Identified parasites were Nematopsis legeri, Peniculistoma mytili, Urastoma cyprinae, Parvatrema duboisi and Polydora ciliata. Infection prevalence (%), mean intensity and mean abundance values of each parasite species were calculated according to season, sampling localities and length classes of mussel. Nematopsis legeri was the most prevalent species (32.5%), followed by Pe. mytili (6.70%), U. cyprinae (6.30%), Pa. duboisi (4.50%) and Po. ciliata (2.20%). Nematopsis legeri and Parvatrema duboisi had their highest infection prevalence and intensity values in sampling locality III where secondary hosts present to complete their life cycle and larger sized mussels had higher parasite loads. Statistically significant differences were determined in the prevalence of infection and intensity values among seasons, length classes of mussel and sampling localities of each parasite species. The present study provided valuable information on mussel parasites and their relationships with host length, seasons and ecology.
First record of Litarachna caribica (Acari, Pontarachnidae) from the Pacific coast of Panama
Authors: Pešić Vladimir , Chatterjee Tapas , Schizas Nikolaos V.
Published: June 2015

We documented the existence of a population of the southern Caribbean pontarachnid miteLitarachna caribicafor the first time on the Pacific coast of Panama. Based on morphological observations, this is the first record of a pontarachnid mite with a trans-isthmian distribution, which can be explained by either modern biological dispersal or historical vicariance hypotheses.Litarachna caribicahad either passed through the Panama Canal, successfully colonizing the opposite coast, or previously continuously distributed populations had become disjunct after the rise of the Central American land.