bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance comparison of three prototype biomass stoves with traditional and Mirt stoves for baking Injera
Authors: Tesfay Asfafaw Haileselassie , Tsegay Kibreab , Kahsay Mulu Bayray , Hailu Mesele Hayelom , Adaramola Muyiwa Samuel
Published: January 2024

Background

Injera is food consumed daily by Ethiopians like bread and rice in other parts of the world. Biomass stoves are used to bake Injera in most rural households. The unsustainable use of fuelwood causes deforestation. Improved cook stoves such as Mirt (name in local language) were introduced to replace traditional stoves and save fuel wood. This study presents a performance comparison of three newly developed prototype biomass stoves with traditional and Mirt stoves. The prototype stoves were made with a clay pan (designated MUC: Mekelle University prototype with clay pan), with a glass pan (MUG) and with an aluminum pan (MUA). Controlled cooking tests were conducted for each type of stove to determine the thermal efficiency and specific fuel consumption.

Results

The thermal efficiencies of the traditional, Mirt, MUC, MUA and MUG stoves were found to be 14%, 17%, 21%, 29% and 32%, respectively. Similarly, the percentage fuel wood savings by Mirt, MUC, MUA and MUG compared to the traditional stove were 32%, 48%, 64% and 67%, respectively. The results indicate that the prototype stoves had significantly better performance compared to the traditional and Mirt stoves.

Conclusion

The prototype stoves have the potential to reduce fuel wood consumption by more than half of that currently consumed employing traditional stoves. In addition to the economic benefit of saving fuel wood, the improved stoves will have significant environmental implication. Based on the fuel saving figures, it is estimated that 0.4, 0.5 and 0.52 tons/year of fuel wood may be saved per household adopting MUC, MUA and MUG stoves, respectively.
SGLT2 inhibitors and the cardiac rhythm: unraveling the connections
Authors: Paul Aritra , Tabaja Chadi , Wazni Oussama
Published: January 2024

Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is), primarily used for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus, have recently gained attention for their potential cardiovascular benefits. This review explores the emerging evidence surrounding the association between SGLT2is and arrhythmias. Initial studies and large cardiovascular outcome trials have indicated that SGLT2is may reduce major adverse cardiovascular events, including HFHs, which inherently suggests a potential anti-arrhythmic role. Mechanistic insights propose that SGLT2is may exert their anti-arrhythmic effects by modulating cardiac ion channels, thereby impacting cardiac action potentials. Direct clinical evidence linking SGLT2 is to reduced arrhythmias remains limited but evolving. Potential implications of these findings could revolutionize treatment approaches, expanding the indications for SGLT2is prescriptions beyond the diabetic population and possibly providing a novel therapeutic avenue for patients at risk of arrhythmias. However, the exact mechanism, efficacy, and safety profile need further investigation. While various post-hoc and meta-analyses shed light on the topic, prospective, randomized controlled trials are warranted to explicate the potential of SGLT2is in arrhythmia management, their place in clinical guidelines, and their overall impact on patient outcomes.
Osteogenesis imperfecta type XVII: expansion of the phenotype
Authors: Dunleavy Brooke M. , Schildt Alison J. , Harrington Caitlin , Stevenson David A.
Published: January 2024

Background

Biallelic variants in SPARC are extremely rare, and have been reported in only a few cases of autosomal recessive osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type XVII. Here, we describe an individual with a SPARC homozygous missense variant (c.787G > A; p.Glu263Lys) and expand on the phenotype.

Case presentation

The proband had a history of multiple fractures, osteopenia, severe thoracolumbar levoscoliosis, rib fusion, global hypotonia, conductive hearing loss, and was non-ambulatory. Several of his features were similar to previously described cases, such as early neuromuscular concerns, scoliosis, long bone and vertebral compression fractures, and delayed motor milestones, suggesting these are consistent across SPARC-related osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). However, the proband sustained fractures at a younger age with a more severe course compared to most previous reports. He also had bony fusion of several ribs and hearing loss, which have not been reported in SPARC-related OI.

Conclusions

Overall, the proband supports the current phenotype of SPARC-related OI, but also expands the phenotypic variability.
Feeling better? – Identification, interventions, and remission among women with early postpartum depressive symptoms in Sweden: a nested cohort study
Authors: Gidén Karin , Vinnerljung Lisa , Iliadis Stavros I. , Fransson Emma , Skalkidou Alkistis
Published: January 2024

Background

Postpartum depression affects around 12% of mothers in developed countries, with consequences for the whole family. Many women with depressive symptoms remain undetected and untreated. The aim of this study was to investigate to what extent women with depressive symptoms at 6 weeks postpartum are identified by the healthcare system, the interventions they received, and remission rates at 6 months postpartum.

Methods

Postpartum women scoring 12–30 on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at 6 weeks after delivery (n = 697) were identified from the longitudinal cohort study “Biology, Affect, Stress, Imaging and Cognition” (BASIC) in Uppsala, Sweden. A total of 593 women were included. Background and remission information at 6 months was collected from the BASIC dataset. Medical records were examined to identify interventions received.

Results

Most women (n = 349, 58.7%) were not identified by the healthcare system as having depressive symptoms and 89% lacked any record of interventions. Remission rates at 6 months postpartum were 69% in this group. Among women identified by the healthcare system, 90% received interventions and about 50% were in remission at 6 months postpartum. The EPDS reduction during the study period was largest in the group identified by the child health services (CHS, −5.15) compared to the non-identified (−4.24, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Despite screening guidelines, many women with depressive symptoms had no documentation of screening or interventions by the healthcare system. Furthermore, a significant proportion did not achieve remission despite interventions. Being identified by CHS was associated with the largest reduction of symptoms. Research is needed to understand gaps in the healthcare processes, to better identify peripartum depression.
Cost-Effectiveness of Reduced-Intensity Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Older Patients With High-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Analysis of BMT CTN 1102
Authors: Saber Wael , Bansal Aasthaa , Li Lily , Scott Bart L. , Sangaralingham Lindsey R. , Thao Viengneesee , Roth Joshua A. , Wright Winona , Steuten Lotte M.G. , Pidala Joseph A. , Mishra Asmita , Maziarz Richard T , Westervelt Peter , McGuirk Joseph P. , Cutler Corey , Nakamura Ryotaro , Ramsey Scott D.
Published: January 2024

PURPOSE

BMT CTN 1102 was a phase III trial comparing reduced-intensity allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (RIC alloHCT) to standard of care for persons with intermediate- or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). We report results of a cost-effectiveness analysis conducted alongside the clinical trial.

METHODS

Three hundred eighty-four patients received HCT (n = 260) or standard of care (n = 124) according to availability of a human leukocyte antigen–matched donor. Cost-effectiveness was calculated from US commercial and Medicare perspectives over a 20-year time horizon. Health care utilization and costs were estimated using propensity score–matched cohorts of HCT recipients in the OptumLabs Data Warehouse (age 50-64 years) and Medicare (age 65 years and older). EuroQol 5 Dimension (EQ-5D) surveys of trial participants were used to derive health state utilities.

RESULTS

Extrapolated 20-year overall survival for those age 50-64 years was 29% for HCT (n = 105) versus 13% for usual care (n = 44) and 31% for HCT (n = 155) versus 12% for non-HCT (n = 80) for those age 65 years and older. HCT was more effective (+2.36 quality-adjusted life-years [QALYs] for age 50-64 years and +2.92 QALYs for age 65 years and older) and more costly (+$452,242 in US dollars (USD) for age 50-64 years and +$233,214 USD for age 65 years and older) than usual care, with incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of $191,487 (USD)/QALY and $79,834 (USD)/QALY, respectively. For persons age 50-64 years, there was a 29% chance that HCT was cost-effective using a willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of $150K (USD)/QALY and 51% at a $200K (USD)/QALY. For persons age 65 years and older, the probability was 100% at a WTP >$150K (USD)/QALY.

CONCLUSION

Among patients age 65 years and older with high-risk MDS, RIC HCT is a high-value strategy. For those age 50-64 years, HCT is a lower-value strategy but has similar cost-effectiveness to other therapies commonly used in oncology.
Γλωσσική και υφολογική προσέγγιση των Ηθικών του Πλουτάρχου
Authors: Κατσούλα Αδαμαντία
Published: January 2024

Η παρούσα διατριβή εξετάζει πώς αποτυπώνεται λεξικογραφικά και υφολογικά η πολυσχιδής προσωπικότητα του Πλουτάρχου στο corpus των Ηθικών και πιο συγκεκριμένα αναδεικνύει τις ακόλουθες πτυχές της: τη διδακτική, την επιστημονική, τη θρησκευτική και τη συλλογική. Αναφορικά με το λεξικολογικό τμήμα της έρευνας παρουσιάζονται γλωσσικοί όροι που συνδέονται με το παραδοσιακό λεξιλόγιο της θρησκείας και της επιστήμης, το οποίο χρησιμοποίησε ο πεζογράφος στην εργογραφία του, αλλά εκεί όπου δίνεται κυρίως έμφαση είναι στην ανάλυση των ἅπαξ λεγομένων του χαιρώνειου συγγραφέα, τα οποία σχετίζονται με τους συγκεκριμένους τομείς. Διερευνώνται και θέματα σχετικά με την κατασκευή των νεολογισμών του φιλοσόφου και ένα από αυτά αναφέρεται στην προτίμησή του να προβαίνει στη λεξιπλασία όρων, οι οποίοι φέρουν ως πρώτα γλωσσικά τους ενδύματα κάποιες συγκεκριμένες προθέσεις, όπως είναι η άκλιτη λέξη σύν, διότι με τη βοήθειά της κατάφερε να αποτυπώσει λεκτικά μια βασική έννοια που κατοικούσε στη σκέψη του, αυτήν της συλλογικότητας. Οι υφολογικές παρατηρήσεις της συγκεκριμένης μελέτης αφορούν τον κόσμο των απρόσωπων ρημάτων και των ρηματικών επιθέτων σε -τέον. Από όλα τα απρόσωπα ρήματα ο πεζογράφος χρησιμοποίησε, με μεγαλύτερη ένταση και συχνότητα, το δεῖ και εντός της διατριβής αναλύονται και επεξηγούνται οι λόγοι, οι οποίοι τον ώθησαν στη συγκεκριμένη υφολογική επιλογή καθώς παρουσιάζονται και οι διάφορες έννοιες με τις οποίες συνέδεσε το δεῖ, αλλά και ορισμένα ακόμα απρόσωπα ρήματα, όπως το χρή και το προσήκει. Πέρα από τα απρόσωπα ρήματα ο Πλούταρχος στα Ηθικά προέβη και σε διευρυμένη χρήση και των ρηματικών επιθέτων σε -τέον προκειμένου να μεταλαμπαδεύσει με μεγαλύτερη ευκρίνεια τα νάματα αρετής και παιδείας του.
Digital documentation of three largest subterranean structures of Hagia Sophia: The passage under the esonarthex, the vaults under the atrium and the hypogeum
Authors: Diker Hasan Fırat
Published: January 2024

The terrestrial scanning project of Hagia Sophia's subterranean structures took place in 2020. This initiative facilitated the creation of a three-dimensional point cloud model capturing the underground tunnels and structures. Subsequently, in 2022, a more detailed documentation of the older hypogeum within Hagia Sophia was conducted. This study particularly focused on the three largest subterranean structures on the site. The first of these is the passage beneath the esonarthex, delineating a structural transition between the Theodosian and Justinian periods, spanning from the fifth to the sixth centuries. Notably, the discovery of a previously unnoticed column base on the floor of this structure prompted an update to the plan of the Theodosian atrium. The second focus lies on the vaults beneath Justinian’s atrium, requiring an architectural visualization update since Schneider's documentation in 1941. These subterranean structures define the boundaries of the no longer physically existing Justinian atrium, and the debris within them awaits excavation to provide further insights. The last structure examined is the hypogeum dating back to the 4th century. This structure underwent a more detailed redocumentation following a partial clean-up and has been digitally visualized.
The interventions for the main dome of Hagia Sophia throughout its history and a preservation proposal
Authors: Diker Hasan Fırat , Günel Mehmet Halis , Kapucu Güzelbulut Beyza
Published: January 2024

Throughout its history, Hagia Sophia has faced seismic risks due to structural issues. The ambitious design led to the complete collapse of the main dome merely 21 years after its construction, and partial collapses occurred in the 10th and 14th centuries. Over time, the structure underwent various repairs and reinforcements. Following the collapse of the south-eastern section during the 1346 earthquake, flying buttresses were installed, attaching to the main dome from four directions. However, during the Fossati repairs (1847-1849), these elements were removed and replaced with iron beams, framing the upper perimeter of the pedestal supporting the main dome. The current challenges faced by the main dome are primarily rooted in the design of the piers and arches rather than the dome itself. Since reconstructing these structural elements is impossible, efforts to address the dome's issues have concentrated on retrofitting the supporting system. This study critically assesses the current state of the main dome, examining past interventions. As a solution, it proposes reinforcing the main dome structure by installing a tension ring to enhance stability.
Z Krzyżakami przeciw królowi Polski w 1388 roku. Umowa wielkopolskich panów z Zakonem Krzyżackim w sprawie pomocy zbrojnej przeciwko Władysławowi Jagielle i jej sygnatariusze
Authors: Szybkowski Sobiesław
Published: January 2024

18 VI 1388 r. w Malborku kilku wielkopolskich panów zawarło układ z wielkim mistrzem zakonu krzyżackiego Konradem Zöllnerem von Rotenstein w sprawie udzielenia mu pomocy zbrojnej przeciwko królowi Polski Władysławowi Jagielle, polegającej m.in. na udostępnieniu Krzyżakom na ich każde życzenie należących do nich „zamków”. W artykule dokonujemy identyfikacji owych wielkopolskich panów, przedstawiamy również hipotezy dotyczące pobudek, które doprowadziły ich do popełnienia zdrady wobec polskiego monarchy. W aneksie zostały również opublikowane dwa źródła: wspomniany dokument z 18 VI 1388 r. oraz dokumenty Wierzbięty ze Smogulca z 29 VII 1390 i 25 VII 1391 r.
La verdad elaborada y los nuevos modos de acceso al conocimiento: la enunciación performática a través de las prácticas artísticas.
Authors: Macías Recio Alicia
Published: January 2024

El presente artículo trata de hacer un breve recorrido alrededor de las distintas posturas que han sostenido la idea de la verdad como elaboración interpretativa. Para ello, se revisarán textos de autores tales como Nietzsche o Deleuze, junto con otros más contemporáneos como López Petit. Así, se pretende descifrar el papel que tienen las colectividades en los mecanismos de generación del sentido, planteando la performatividad como vía de acceso a las certezas y entendiendo la verdad no como aquello que tan solo es verificable a través del discurso, sino como evento encarnado inmerso en la dimensión estética
Filosofía y fracaso de la representación en el Sistema del Idealismo trascendental de Schelling.
Authors: Hernández-Villaescusa Hirsch Henrik
Published: January 2024

Primero repasaremos algunos de los múltiples interrogantes interpretativos que dejó abiertos la Crítica del Juicio de Kant, sobre todo en lo que se refiere a una eventual configuración definitiva del sistema de las facultades y el estatuto de la propia filosofía crítica. A continuación, nos centraremos en la filosofía estética de Schelling, tal como esta se desarrolla en su Sistema del Idealismo trascendental, donde el arte ofrece a la filosofía un producto que esta puede considerar como representación del conflicto dialéctico entre las facultades kantianas. Las implicaciones de ello serán 1) un peculiar estatuto de lo bello, que aparece como representación de una imposibilidad esencial al discurso, 2) una reformulación del Yo como devenir, y 3) sustituir la filosofía por el arte. El progreso de este devenir no es lineal, de modo que la dialéctica representada en la obra de arte oscilará también entre el inicio y el final de la autoconciencia
Contra la moderación: El problema de la forma (musical) en Theodor W. Adorno.
Authors: Hervás Muñoz Marina
Published: January 2024

En este artículo se trata de reconstruir el desarrollo de la idea de forma musical en el pensamiento adorniano a partir de tres textos fundamentales: “Evolución y formas en la nueva música”, “Vers une musique informelle” y “La forma en la nueva música”. A partir de ellos, se pone en relación la forma con la idea de libertad, la imaginación y el color, en cada caso, para mostrar la complejidad del término, así como la relación con otros aspectos clave de la filosofía adorniana. Palabras clave: Forma musical, Theodor W. Adorno, Filosofía de la música, Darmstadt, Nueva música
La teoría de la novela de Theodor W. Adorno.
Authors: Zittel Claus
Published: January 2024

El artículo expone la teoría de la novela de Adorno, pero, en contra de lo que suele suceder en la recepción de la filosofía adorniana que suele conectarla con las reflexiones sobre la novela de Benjamin y Lukács, lo hace a partir del material sobre lo épico —todavía no investigado en profundidad— que Adorno hace presenta en su libro sobre Mahler. Una de las principales y novedosas tesis que se quiere mostrar es la interdependencia del lenguaje musical y el literario, así como la necesidad de pensar el papel que juegan ambos para construir la teoría de la novela de Adorno
El lenguaje en la Teoría Crítica.
Authors: Sevilla Sergio
Published: January 2024

El artículo elabora la tesis de que las aportaciones de Benjamin y Adorno realizan su propio “giro lingüístico”, diferenciado de la tradición analítica, tanto como de la hermenéutica y de las filosofías de la conciencia. Compara la concepción del lenguaje de Benjamin con la de Adorno, y valora la apropiación que realizan de Schlegel y Freud. Adorno rechaza entender la Deutung como reconstrucción de un hipotético sentido de la realidad, puesto que falsea a su juicio nuestra experiencia del sinsentido estructural en las sociedades contemporáneas que tiene su expresión en ciertas obras de arte de las vanguardias. Para captar su verdad introduce la noción de “imagen dialéctica”.
Obstáculos en la evaluación de descanalización fenotípica como modelo etiológico alternativo para el aumento en la incidencia de diabetes tipo 2 en población argentina.
Authors: Petino Zappala María Alejandra , Benítez Vieyra Santiago , Folguera Guillermo
Published: January 2024

En este trabajo, en base a análisis realizados en población adulta argentina que vinculan patrones de salud a nivel poblacional con una hipótesis de la biología evolutiva, buscamos poner en evidencia las limitaciones y problematizar algunos de los supuestos y enfoques de la epidemiología “clásica” para explicar condiciones complejas no transmisibles como, en este caso, la diabetes tipo 2. Asimismo, a través de este análisis cuestionamos la adopción acrítica y descontextualizada de criterios diagnósticos y categorías desarrolladas de acuerdo a intereses particulares e impuestas través de relaciones desiguales de poder.
Dezinformacja to problematyczny termin?
Authors: Ślufińska Monika
Published: January 2024

The chapter ‘Is ‘disinformation’ a problematic term?’ focuses on presenting disinformation as an ambiguous phenomenon. In doing so, it discusses the many existing criteria and ways to define disinformation. In addition, it explains how disinformation techniques have changed and advanced and what role the media, in particular social media, play in spreading both so-called ‘misinformation’ and ‘proper disinformation’. An important aspect of this section of the chapter is to identify the authors, creators and reasons behind the use of disinformation strategies.
Jak nie dać się zaczarować językowi mediów?
Authors: Zając Beata
Published: January 2024

The aim of this article is to highlight the most important mechanisms used in the language of the media in Poland to achieve the assumed goals of media broadcasters. It also suggests ways of reading that allow recipients to protect themselves from the negative consequences of such procedures. It has been assumed that most of the mentioned mechanisms are based on the emotionalisation of the reception with the simultaneous exclusion of critical analysis. In the introduction the principles of the functioning of contemporary media, which create specific conditions for the functioning of media languages, were recalled. Then, the following features of the language of the media were discussed: increasing the expressiveness of the language, using conflict rhetoric, building a black and white vision of the world, ranking view of reality, vulgarisation of language and related language aggression, colloquialisation of the language, cliché-ness, and language banality. The argument is illustrated with examples taken from various types of contemporary Polish media. The summary of the article is an attempt to answer the question of what reception strategies allow to protect oneself against uncritical acceptance of the media image of reality, and often against media manipulation.
Od retuszu do deepfake’a – „zwrot piktorialny” i niebezpieczeństwo obrazów
Authors: Kwieciński Bartosz
Published: January 2024

Photography is one medium most often subjected to falsification and visual manipulation. This is largely related to the suggestive impact of photography, which, through the illusion of reality, is one of the most frequently used platforms to create alternative realities. The extra-linguistic origins of the medium were also conducive to this – photography transcended language barriers and the cultural competence of the viewer. This outline presents a brief history of forgeries – from the first retouched photographs aimed at influencing the viewer and creating erroneous historical narratives, to digital forgeries and reflections on the dangers of deepfake technology and the dynamic development of artificial intelligence (AI).
La inmigración en la prensa chilena: análisis basado en minería de datos en Facebook
Authors: Nesbet Montecinos Felipe , Cárcamo Ulloa Luis
Published: January 2024

La inmigración se ha convertido en una temática cada vez más presente en la sociedad chilena, que pasó de ser un país exportador a receptor de personas en tránsito migrante. En este contexto, este artículo ofrece un análisis de contenido de los titulares de 156 medios de comunicación chilenos relacionados con la inmigración. La obtención de dichos titulares se logró mediante un trabajo de minería de datos en la red social Facebook. El interés primordial de la investigación es ver cómo han evolucionado las visiones sobre este fenómeno, con respecto a otros estudios que analizaron el tema en 2017, tomando en cuenta que en este período la población venezolana se convirtió en la colonia extranjera más grande del país, superando a los peruanos que desde 1990 ocupaban ese sitial. Entre los resultados se observa una predominancia de titulares ligados a la inmigración irregular y a la seguridad, muchas veces vinculando íntimamente ambos fenómenos. También existe un foco regional, ya que gran parte de los titulares ocurrió en la zona norte del país, tomando relevancia la localidad de Colchane, donde se produjeron crisis humanitarias por la gente que quería entrar al país irregularmente.
Preference Externality Estimators: A Comparison of Border Approaches and IVs
Authors: Li Xing , Hartmann Wesley R. , Amano Tomomichi
Published: January 2024

This paper compares two estimators—the Border Approach and an Instrumental Variable (IV) estimator—using a unified framework where identifying variation arises from “preference externalities,” following the intuition in Waldfogel (2003) . We highlight two dimensions in favor of the IV approach. First, an econometric model of the data-generating process reveals that the border approach requires a set of identification assumptions that are not easily satisfied in practice: the ignorance of some payoff-relevant information and conflicting spatial correlation assumptions. The IV approach, in contrast, exhibits greater internal validity because it is derived from the model that generates the data. Second, the border approach suffers from representative issues when the true effect sizes are different between border and off-border regions. We use a common political advertising example to evaluate these estimators and suggest ways to evaluate or limit the above concerns, such as excluding localities that are a large share of the policy making region and evaluating spatial correlations of observables. We find the border approach’s representative issue to be substantial when the ignorance assumption is most plausible and observe that spatial correlations do not reflect those needed in the unobservables for consistency of the estimator. The IV, in contrast, does not exhibit concerns related to local average treatment effects. We also derive the specific conditions when the border approach can reduce bias relative to OLS.

This paper was accepted by Raphael Thomadsen, marketing.

Funding: This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [72072004, 72131001].

Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4977 .
Uma análise teórica da depressão sob a visão dos modelos psicométricos hegemônicos
Authors: Baptista Makilim Nunes , Franco Vithor Rosa
Published: January 2024

Apesar dos profissionais de saúde mental utilizarem de forma generalizada o termo depressão, o mesmo se refere a diferentes tipologias do transtorno, apresentando centenas de perfis sintomatológicos distintos. Esses diferentes perfis compõem o que se conhece como “heterogeneidade sintomatológica” da depressão. Além disso, modelos psicométricos sobre os paradigmas de como o Transtorno Depressivo Maior é concebido podem influenciar nos princípios etiológicos do fenômeno, bem como estar diretamente relacionado à fundamentação dos aos procedimentos clínicos de tratamento. Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir as várias facetas do fenômeno depressão do ponto de vista de sua heterogeneidade, avaliação e diagnóstico, expondo os seus principais modelos psicométricos, a saber: formativo, reflexivo e redes. O modelo formativo é aquele que assume que a depressão não é a causa dos sintomas, mas sim a coocorrência destes. O modelo reflexivo assume que há um processo interno que pode ser chamado de depressão e que leva à sintomatologia do transtorno. O modelo de redes propõe que o que chama de depressão emerge a partir de relações mutualísticas e dinâmicas entre sintomas. Por fim, neste artigo se aborda também a relação das visões paradigmáticas e sua relação com os aspectos clínicos da prática do psicólogo.
O Cuidado Psicológico à População LGBTI+ em Normativas Profissionais
Authors: Damaceno Netto José Vicente , Rasera Emerson Fernando
Published: January 2024

Nos últimos anos, organizações de Psicologia ao redor do mundo têm produzido documentos que propõem um olhar atento sobre particularidades da realidade LGBTI+ que podem interferir na saúde mental e no cuidado psicológico e sugerem princípios para ação para orientar o profissional na oferta adequada de atendimento à indivíduos LGBTI+. A existência desses documentos reafirma a necessidade de aproximação e sensibilização dos profissionais da área frente às questões tocantes a esse grupo. Este estudo teve o objetivo de compreender de que forma o cuidado psicológico com a população LGBTI+ é descrito e proposto por associações profissionais ao redor do mundo. Trata-se de um estudo documental no qual foi realizada uma análise descritiva e comparativa de documentos produzidos por organizações de diferentes países. Os resultados demonstram uma ênfase na conscientização do profissional sobre as contribuições históricas da Psicologia; a necessidade de autoavaliação do mesmo; a importância do desenvolvimento de uma postura profissional afirmativa e do envolvimento com a promoção de mudanças sociais e políticas.
Enablers and barriers to pharmacists and nurses becoming independent prescribers
Authors: Alhawas Saja , Langran Catherine , Hall Kat
Published: January 2024

Independent prescribing was introduced in the UK in 2006, allowing qualified nurses and pharmacists to prescribe medicines independently; however, only 13% of nurses and 15% of pharmacists are currently independent prescribers (IPs). This study aimed to explore the factors that influence the intended behaviours of pharmacists and nurses enrolled on an independent prescribing course, and identifies enablers and barriers to becoming IPs. A cross-sectional qualitative study used semi-structured interviews based on two models of health behaviour: social cognitive theory and the theory of planned behaviour. A total of 20 interviews were completed with 15 pharmacists and five nurses. Themes that emerged related to attitudes, facilitators, barriers, social and environmental influences, and optimism. Participants demonstrated a positive attitude and a willingness to progress in their roles, but some participants stated that time constraints were the most significant barrier to becoming IPs. Consideration of the results of this study will reinforce the intention of these groups to become prescribers and engage in the role of enhancing healthcare outcomes.
Experimenting with Law and Development
Authors: Burset Christian R.
Published: January 2024

This chapter begins by describing how Britain sought to adapt English law to the colonies it had taken from France during the Seven Years’ War. It shows how the extension of English law to Quebec and Grenada raised difficult questions about religious toleration, the relationship between statute and common law, and the extent to which colonial laws ought to reflect local economic conditions. But although these questions led to heated disagreements, they assumed that some version of English law should govern all colonies. Starting in the 1760s, however, some policymakers started to question that assumption and to propose radically different colonial legal systems. In Illinois, General Thomas Gage tried to govern without any civil courts at all, relying instead on state-backed arbitration to strengthen local elites while deterring new settlement. Gage and likeminded politicians also explored a revival of feudalism in North America, which they hoped would ensure colonies’ security and obedience. Together, these experiments revealed a new interest in withholding English law to shape the development of Britain’s latest acquisitions.
Despotic Humanitarianism and the New Imperial Common Law
Authors: Burset Christian R.
Published: January 2024

This chapter explains why paternalists won the debates over colonial law. To some extent, their victory reflected the contingencies of parliamentary politics. But two ideological changes also contributed. First, although paternalists initially embraced legal pluralism because of its effect on colonial development, they came to reframe their position as a moral issue. Building on older vocabularies of humanitarian intervention and religious toleration, paternalists successfully persuaded many Britons that they had a humanitarian duty to preserve the laws of their conquered subjects. Over time, this humanitarian defense of legal pluralism persuaded even the common law’s staunchest advocates that legal pluralism was sometimes an imperial obligation. Second, even as paternalists were withdrawing the common law from the colonies, courts in England became increasingly willingly to adjudicate disputes arising overseas. As a result, politicians could comfort themselves with the hope that the courts of Westminster Hall would prevent the colonies from diverging entirely from British notions of justice.
The Generation of 1928
Authors: Wells Allen
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines two student leaders, who followed markedly different political trajectories—Rómulo Betancourt and the communist Gustavo Machado. They illustrate how some youthful activists experimented with leftist ideology before rejecting it, while others embraced it wholeheartedly. For Betancourt, leftist radicalization represented a temporary interlude, a period he would spend the rest of his life explaining away as a moment of youthful indiscretion. Like many former believers, his antipathy for his former colleagues turned increasingly visceral. The dogmatic Machado, on the other hand, remained a loyal and faithful servant of the party, no matter the inconsistencies and ideological twists and turns in position dictated by Moscow. He had no tolerance for the likes of Betancourt and Haya, whom he dismissed as bourgeois pseudorevolutionaries.
Polestar
Authors: Wells Allen
Published: January 2024

Nowhere was student protest more successful than in Cuba, where the island’s proximity to the Colossus of the North fueled nationalistic fervor and calls for the ouster of the ruthless dictator Gerardo Machado. What was distinctive about the Cuban student movement was its determination to thoroughly transform the island’s neocolonial relationship with the United States. To students at the University of Havana, the North American intervention in 1898, successive military occupations, the Platt Amendment, and the ceding of Guantanamo to the U.S. military, represented a betrayal of the principles for which heroic mambises (guerrilla fighters) had fought and died for during the wars of independence. The firebrand of revolution was the Communist Julio Antonio Mella, whose incendiary rhetoric galvanized youthful opposition to the dictatorship before he was murdered in Mexico City in 1929 by gunmen sent by Machado.
Latin America’s Representative in the U.S. Congress
Authors: Wells Allen
Published: January 2024

Between 1952 and 1961, ten Latin American dictators either stepped down voluntarily or were driven from power. With despots falling by the wayside, progressives on both sides of the border had reason to believe that democracy was finally on the march. Representative Charles Porter’s meteoric rise from obscurity could not have happened without the assistance of the region’s reformers. This chapter explores Porter’s ascendancy, his embrace of the reformist agenda, and the limitations of the liberal critique of U.S. foreign policy. To be sure, this new generation of liberal politicians never once questioned the Cold War binary. As a result, they remained vulnerable to attacks from both the right and the left. But with dictators falling by the wayside, progressives on both sides of the border had reason to believe that democracy was finally on the march. Porter’s emergence occurred at a pivotal moment, just as Venezuela and Colombia were transitioning from authoritarianism to democratic rule. A closer examination of such “pacted” democracies illustrates why civilian rule was so tenuous in mid-twentieth-century Latin America.
The allow sequence of distinct eigenvalues for a sign pattern
Authors: Breen Jane , Brouwer Carraugh , Catral Minerva , Cavers Michael , Van den Driessche Pauline , Vander Meulen Kevin N.
Published: January 2024

A sign pattern $\mathcal{A}$ is a matrix with entries in $\{+,-,0\}$. This article introduces the allow sequence of distinct eigenvalues for an $n\times n$ sign pattern $\mathcal{A}$, defined as $q_{\rm seq}(\mathcal{A})=\langle q_1,\ldots,q_n\rangle$, with $q_k=1$ if there exists a real matrix with exactly $k$ distinct eigenvalues having pattern $\mathcal{A}$, and $q_k=0$ otherwise. For example, $q_{\rm seq}(\mathcal{A})=\langle 0,\ldots,0,1\rangle$ is equivalent to $\mathcal{A}$ requiring all distinct eigenvalues, while $q_{\rm seq}(\mathcal{A})=\langle 1,0,\ldots,0\rangle$ is equivalent to the digraph of $\mathcal{A}$ being acyclic. Relationships between the allow sequence for $\mathcal{A}$ and composite cycles of the digraph of $\mathcal{A}$ are explored to identify zeros in the sequence, while methods based on Jacobian matrices are developed to identify ones in the sequence. When $\mathcal{A}$ is an $n\times n$ irreducible sign pattern, the possible sequences for $q_{\rm seq}(\mathcal{A})$ are completely determined when $n\leq 4$ and when the sequence has at least $n-4$ trailing zeros for $n\geq 5$.
DO WE NEED LAMINAR FLOW IN TRAUMA?
Authors: Lewandowski D. , Hussein A. , Matthew A. , Ahuja S.
Published: January 2024

Laminar flow theatres were first introduced in the United Kingdom in the 1960s and 1970s and have become standard in orthopaedic surgery involving implants. A study from 1982 showed a 50% reduction in infections with joint arthroplasties when compared to conventional theatres and laminar flow became standard in the following decades. Recent evidence including a meta-analysis from 2017 questions the effectiveness of these theatre systems. Most of the evidence for Laminar flow use is based on arthroplasty surgery. We aimed to determine the effect of using non-laminar flow theatres on our trauma patients.

A total of 1809 patients who had trauma surgery were identified from 2019 to 2021. 917 patients were operated on in a laminar theatre and 892 in a non-laminar theatre across two operating sites. We identified the surgical site infections as reported through our surveillance program within the first 90 days of infection. Patient co-morbidities were noted through patient records and procedure length was also noted.

Of the 1809 trauma patients identified between the years of 2019 and 2021, 917 patients had operations in a laminar flow theatre and 892 in a non-laminar theatre. Of the 892 operated in non-laminar flow theatres, 543 were operated in the University Hospital of Wales (UHW) and 349 at the University Hospital of Llandough (UHL). An analysis of soft tissue infections and hospital acquired infections post-operatively demonstrated 15/543 and 71/543 respectively for non-laminar UHW infections and 4/349 and 21/349 for non-laminar UHL infections. A look at laminar flow patients showed 25/917 with soft tissue infections and 86/917 hospital acquired infections. There was no difference between laminar and non-laminar flow theatre infection rates showing rates of 12.1% and 12.2% respectively.

In our trauma patients we noticed no significant advantage of using laminar flow theatres when compared to non-laminar flow theatres. This is in keeping with some recently published literature. Laminar flow theatres have been shown to decrease airborne pathogen counts under controlled conditions, but we conclude in the day to day environment of trauma theatres these conditions are either not met or that the theoretical advantage of laminar flow does not translate to a direct advantage of reduction of infections which may be achieved by standard prophylactic antibiotics.
OUTCOME OF TREATMENT FOLLOWING PRIMARY ARTHROSCOPIC REPAIR OF BUCKET HANDLE MENISCUS TEARS IN ADULTS
Authors: Nanjundaiah R. , Guro R. , Chandratreya A. , Kotwal R.
Published: January 2024

Aims

We studied the outcomes following arthroscopic primary repair of bucket handle meniscus tears to determine the incidence of re-tears and the functional outcomes of these patients.

Methodology

Prospective cohort study. Over a 4-year period (2016 to 2020), 35 adult patients presented with a bucket handle tear of the meniscus. Arthroscopic meniscal repair was performed using either the all inside technique or a combination of all-inside and inside-out techniques. 15 patients also underwent simultaneous arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Functional knee scores were assessed using IKDC and Lysholm scores.

Results

Mean patient age at surgery was 27 years (range, 17 to 53years). Medial meniscus was torn in 20 and lateral in 15 cases. Zone of tear was white on white in 19, red on white in 9 and red on red in 7 cases. Average delay from injury to surgery was 4 months. At a mean follow-up of 4.5 years, the meniscus repair failed in 3 patients (8.5 %). Outcome following re-tear was meniscus excision. Average IKDC scores in patients with intact repair were 74.04 against 56.67 in patients with a failed repair (p< 0.0001). Similarly, Lyshlom scores were 88.96 and 67.333, respectively (p<0.0001).

Conclusion

The survivorship of primary repair of bucket handle meniscus tears in our series was 91.5% at medium term follow-up. Functional outcomes were significantly poor in patients with a failed repair compared to those with an intact repair.
A NOVEL 3D-PRINTED DUAL-MOBILITY IMPLANT: RESULTS UP TO SEVEN YEARS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
Authors: Raj S. , Magan A. , Jones S. A.
Published: January 2024

Dual mobility (DM) is an established bearing option in Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA). The traditional mono-block DM designs have limited ability for additional fixation, whereas the modular DM designs allow additional screw fixation but limit internal diameter and have the potential to generate metal debris. We report the early results of a CoCrMo alloy mono-block implant manufactured by additive technology with a highly porous ingrowth surface to enhance primary fixation and osseointegration.

Prospective follow-up of the DuplexTM implant first inserted in March 2016 enrolled into Beyond Compliance (BC). Primary outcome measure was all-cause revision and secondary outcomes dislocation, peri-prosthetic fracture (PPF) and Oxford Hip Score (OHS). Patients were risk stratified and all considered to be high risk for instability. Complications were identified via hospital records, clinical coding linkage using national database and via BC website.

159 implants in 154 patients with a mean age 74.0 years and a maximum F/U of 7 years. Survivorship for all-cause revision 99.4% (95% CI 96.2–99.8). One femoral only revision. Mean gain in OHS 27.4. Dislocation rate 0.6% with a single event. Patients with a cemented Polished taper stem (PTS) had a Type B PPF rate of 2.1% requiring revision/fixation. Compared to conventional THA this cohort was significantly older (74.0 vs 68.3 years), more co-morbidity (ASA 3 46.5% vs 14.4%) and more non-OA indications (32.4% vs 8.5%). Every patient had at least one risk factor for falling and >50% of cohort had 4 or more risk factors using NICE tool.

We believe our results demonstrate that risk stratification successfully aids implant selection to prevent dislocation in high-risk patients. This novel design has provided excellent early results in a challenging cohort where individuals are very different to the “average” THA patient. NJR data on DM has reported an increase in revision for PPF. A “perfect storm” maybe created using DM in high-risk falls risk population. This re-enforces the need to consider all patient and implant factors when deciding bearing selection.
Loving in Queer Time: Rahel Varnhagen's Life and Letters
Authors: Hein Rhiannon
Published: January 2024

Abstract: In this essay I argue that the salonnière Rahel Levin Varnhagen's extended singlehood and Jewishness made her a queer figure in early nineteenth century Berlin. While her non-normativity was initially compelling to Berlin's social elite, the Napoleonic Wars engendered antisemitic, patriotic impulses among her friends that left Varnhagen isolated from her social circle. However, out of this alienation came the opportunity to forge intimate friendships with other women who were also rejected or stigmatized by Berlin's elite. Varnhagen's correspondence with Rebecca Friedländer and Pauline Wiesel reveals how loneliness opened a space for queer expression that destabilized contemporary notions of sexual normativity. In analyzing Rahel as a queer figure and exploring the tensions that arose from this status, I examine the intersectional boundaries of belonging that emerged within early-nineteenth-century Prussia's shifting sociopolitical landscape.
Intimacy and Failed Solidarity in the Teen Girl Film Lollipop Monster (2011)
Authors: Scott Claire E.
Published: January 2024

Abstract: In this article I analyze the 2011 German indie film Lollipop Monster as a contemporary model for what Lauren Berlant calls "intimate publics." This film twists the genre of the teen girl film by portraying female friendship as a catalyst for unleashing suppressed emotions and subverting oppression. Instead of directing their aggression internally as self-harm, the protagonists of Lollipop Monster use violence against others to reinforce their strong social bond. By employing cinematic techniques from the popular multimedia genre of the music video, Lollipop Monster harkens back to the imagined sisterhoods of Riot Grrrl culture. In its nostalgic celebration, the film fails to address the racism of this movement, ultimately remaining focused on whiteness and failing to fully explore possibilities for solidarity between Black and white women. Overall, Lollipop Monster updates Berlant's cautionary theory, illustrating how gendered intimate publics co-create neoliberal landscapes of digital, multimedia music and social media stardom.
The Widow's Tale
Authors: Bausch Richard
Published: January 2024

Abstract: The Winter 2023-24 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares "the Triton among minnows." The Winter 2023-24 Issue, edited by Ladette Randolph, features poetry and prose by Richard Bausch, Jesse Lee Kercheval, Ian Stansel, Ariana Benson, Rebecca Morgan Frank, Marie Howe, and more.
I Watched a Box Kite Swoon
Authors: Ackerman Stephen
Published: January 2024

Abstract: The Winter 2023-24 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares "the Triton among minnows." The Winter 2023-24 Issue, edited by Ladette Randolph, features poetry and prose by Richard Bausch, Jesse Lee Kercheval, Ian Stansel, Ariana Benson, Rebecca Morgan Frank, Marie Howe, and more.
The Last Gardenia Writes to Lady
Authors: Benson Ariana
Published: January 2024

Abstract: The Winter 2023-24 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares "the Triton among minnows." The Winter 2023-24 Issue, edited by Ladette Randolph, features poetry and prose by Richard Bausch, Jesse Lee Kercheval, Ian Stansel, Ariana Benson, Rebecca Morgan Frank, Marie Howe, and more.
Ariadne After the Thread
Authors: Bolden Emma
Published: January 2024

Abstract: The Winter 2023-24 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares "the Triton among minnows." The Winter 2023-24 Issue, edited by Ladette Randolph, features poetry and prose by Richard Bausch, Jesse Lee Kercheval, Ian Stansel, Ariana Benson, Rebecca Morgan Frank, Marie Howe, and more.