bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PESQUISA-AÇÃO COM TRABALHADORES DA ESTRATÉGIA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA SOBRE SAÚDE MENTAL NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA
Authors: SILVA E. S. , ADORNI M. , OLIVEIRA Í. A. S. , SANTOS L. S. , SANTOS B. F. , NÓBREGA T. B. F. , RODRIGUES P. V. S. , MEDRADO J. S. F. , SANTOS E. M. , REIS H. F. T.
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo geral compreender como os trabalhadores da Estratégia Saúde da Família percebem o desenvolvimento de ações de saúde mental na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: Pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva, exploratória, empregado como referencial metodológico a pesquisa-ação, como técnica de coleta de dados o grupo focal e analisada pela técnica de Análise de Conteúdo Temática. Participaram do grupo focal 08 trabalhadores da Estratégia de Saúde da Família, do município de Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil. Resultados: Depreenderam-se três categorias: Multiversos olhares sobre o cuidado em saúde mental; Obstáculos à saúde mental na Atenção Primária à Saúde, subdividida em três subcategorias: (Culpabilização da PSM X Rede de cuidado; fragilidades na formação do profissional e potencialidades X despreparo familiar); e Perspectivas de cuidado em saúde mental. E como contribuição dessa pesquisa foi elaborada uma intervenção por meio de uma oficina intitulada: Oficina de saúde mental na Estratégia de Saúde da Família: uma aproximação prática, a fim de potencializar ações em saúde mental nos serviços da ESF, enquanto principal “porta de entrada” da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial. Conclusão: Observaram-se vários entraves para efetivação de práticas e cuidados em saúde mental para a população adscrita da Estratégia de Saúde da Família, entretanto com a elaboração da oficina buscou-se construir junto aos trabalhadores possibilidades viáveis para a produção do cuidado em saúde mental.
ADIÇÃO E ESTUDO DA SOBREVIVÊNCIA DE Saccaromyces boulardii – 17 EM SORVETE POTENCIALMENTE PROBIÓTICO
Authors: Cassanego Daniela Buzatti , Richards Neila Silvia Pereira dos Santos
Published: December 2024

Objetivos: O objetivo foi o desenvolvimento de um sorvete probiótico, utilizando como micro-organismo a levedura Saccharomyces boulardii, proveniente do medicamento Floratil® (200 mg). Métodos: Foi adicionado ao sorvete a levedura S. boulardii, a elaboração dos sorvetes controle (SC) e sorvete probiótico (SP) bem como as análises físico-químicas e microbiológicas foram realizadas no Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos (DTCA) da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM). Resultados: Os resultados das análises físico-químicas e microbiológicas indicaram que as amostras de sorvete (SC – sorvete controle e SP – sorvete probiótico) estão de acordo com parâmetros preconizados pela legislação brasileira em relação a esse alimento e assemelham-se com resultados encontrados na literatura. Quando avaliados os testes de sobrevivência da S. boulardii, observou-se que a mesma apresentou viabilidade por até 90 dias de armazenamento do sorvete, em temperatura de -18 oC. Conclusão: O sorvete é uma alternativa viável para a utilização da levedura S. boulardii, entretanto, há necessidase de mais estudos sobre o comportamento da levedura na matriz sorvete para que, posteriormente, o produto esteja sendo comercializado.
MONITORAMENTO CONTÍNUO DE GLICOSE: TECNOLOGIA DIGITAL NO CONTROLE DE DIABETES
Authors: Pestana Paula Bonelá , Andrade Walefeer Nascimento , Gonçalves Matheus Bredoff Carleto , Souza Martina Pastorini Toscano de , Alves Eduarda da Conceição , Nunes Ana Moreira
Published: December 2024

A pesquisa buscou entender as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos pacientes no controle glicêmico e avaliar as vantagens e limitações do uso do CGM em relação às técnicas convencionais e teve como foco principal analisar os efeitos da utilização do sistema de monitoramento contínuo de glicose e no manejo do diabetes mellitus, comparando seus resultados aos métodos tradicionais, como a medição por punção digital. O estudo foi realizado no município de São Mateus, onde pacientes diabéticos responderam a questionários e participaram de entrevistas. O uso de tecnologias digitais, como o CGM, proporciona um controle glicêmico mais preciso, melhorando a qualidade de vida dos pacientes ao reduzir a ansiedade relacionada a variações de glicose. O monitoramento em tempo real permite ajustes imediatos no tratamento, seja na medicação, dieta ou estilo de vida. No entanto, o alto custo dos dispositivos limita seu acesso, fazendo com que muitos pacientes ainda recorram a métodos tradicionais, menos precisos e convenientes. A pesquisa demonstrou que a adesão ao CGM impacta positivamente a rotina dos pacientes, principalmente no que se refere ao conforto e à segurança emocional. A redução das picadas constantes nos dedos e a possibilidade de um monitoramento contínuo e menos invasivo são aspectos altamente valorizados pelos participantes, mesmo que os custos elevados limitam o uso dessa tecnologia, restringindo-a a uma parcela da população.
Transformações contísticas acerca da morte em contos de Luiz Vilela
Authors: Silva Letícia Dantas da , Dorneles Marcos Rogério Heck
Published: December 2024

Este artigo procura debater as maneiras pelas quais a morte se entrelaça aos pontos temáticos e aos procedimentos compositivos na criação literária dos contos “O que cada um disse" e "Corpos" da coletânea Você verá, de Luiz Vilela (2013). Com esse propósito, a pesquisa se estabelece a partir de proposições advindas dos estudos sobre os princípios constitutivos tema e motivo, de ponderações sobre as especificidades decorrentes das mudanças estabelecidas na modalidade conto e de considerações sobre parte da recepção crítica da contística de Luiz Vilela. Levando em conta esse direcionamento, salientam-se os seguintes objetivos: o exame do influxo da intersecção temática, a apreciação da elaboração criativa das narrativas e o levantamento de aspectos dispostos pela recepção crítica. Dimensiona-se como resultado do trabalho a estima da relevância dos aspectos temáticos no processo construtivo dos textos literários, da importância das especificidades contísticas e da inter-relação disposta pela recepção crítica.
COVID-19 E O IMPACTO NA SAÚDE MENTAL DOS ADOLESCENTES
Authors: Mathias C. S.
Published: December 2024

A pandemia foi um dos maiores desafios mundiais dos últimos tempos, tendo como medida de proteção a inclusão do distanciamento social. A adolescência é um período de crise no ciclo vital, sendo desafiador para toda a família. Durante a pandemia os jovens ficaram isolados, sem interação e identificação com seus pares, característica esta, tão importante para o bom desenvolvimento desta fase da vida. Com isso, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar se a pandemia da Covid-19 favoreceu o desenvolvimento dos transtornos mentais em adolescentes, identificando as principais dificuldades enfrentadas pelos adolescentes na Covid-19 em relação a saúde mental e investigando as estratégias de enfretamento utilizadas pelos adolescentes para lidar com o período pandêmico. O presente estudo trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa, realizada por meio de consulta em artigos científicos e publicações dos últimos 10 anos. A pandemia Covid-19 pode ter sido um fator de risco para a manifestação dos transtornos mentais nos adolescentes, já que esse período está associado a dificuldades que ocasionaram grande estresse e vulnerabilidade, levando os adolescentes a buscarem estratégias de enfrentamento que são disfuncionais e prejudiciais para essa fase do ciclo vital, favorecendo então, aos quadros patológicos na saúde mental.
FABRICAÇÃO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE PÓS DA LIGA DE ALUMÍNIO AA2090 PROCESSADOS ATRAVÉS DE MOAGEM DE ALTA ENERGIA
Authors: Torquato Jonathan Vinícius Moreira , Silva Clécio Vicente da , Lira Heronilton Mendes de , Silva Inaldo Amorim da , Silva João Lucas Araujo da , Lima Kamilla Rayssa Lucas de , Madureira Lizandra Lira , Júnior Moisés Euclides da Silva , Assunção Junior Severino Ferreira de , Filho Oscar Olímpio de Araújo
Published: December 2024

O estudo analisou a produção da liga de alumínio AA2090 por metalurgia do pó, visando reduzir sua densidade com adição de lítio e manter boa resistência mecânica. Pós elementares foram pesados e processados via moagem de alta energia (MAE) por 60, 120 e 240 minutos. As partículas resultantes foram caracterizadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), espectroscopia de energia dispersiva (EDS), difração de raios X (DRX) e granulometria por difração a laser (ATP). A caracterização revelou que o aumento no tempo de MAE reduz o tamanho das partículas e melhora a homogeneidade do material, com excelente incorporação do reforço na matriz. A análise por MEV destacou a morfologia das partículas, enquanto o EDS avaliou sua composição química. O DRX identificou as fases cristalinas presentes, e a ATP forneceu a distribuição dos tamanhos das partículas. Concluiu-se que a MAE é eficaz na preparação de pós metálicos homogêneos e finos, fundamentais para ligas com propriedades aprimoradas. O estudo demonstrou a viabilidade da metalurgia do pó na fabricação da liga AA2090, ressaltando a importância da otimização do tempo de moagem para alcançar propriedades mecânicas ideais. Essa pesquisa contribui para o desenvolvimento de ligas de alumínio de alto desempenho, oferecendo insights valiosos sobre o impacto do processamento na qualidade do material e suas propriedades finais.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE AGE OF FIRST INSEMINATION ON THE REPRODUCTIVE QUALITIES OF SOWS
Authors:   Penza State University, ILCHENKO A.A. , BUSOVA E.O. ,   Penza State University, BUSOV A.A. ,   Penza State University, DARIN A.I. ,   Penza State University
Published: December 2024

The article examines the influence of the age of first insemination on such reproductive qualities of sows as multiple fertility, dead birth, piglet safety, duration of gestation and service period, as well as the duration of the suckling period.
It was found out that insemination too early leads to a decrease in multiple births and an increase in mortality, stillbirth and, accordingly, a decrease in safety, but later insemination also does not give maximum productivity, since in this case the reproductive cycle of the sow in particular and the production cycle in general significantly increases.
Within the framework of this study, the optimal age of the first insemination was determined, amounting to 239–247 days, a shorter reproductive cycle in comparison with the latest period of insemination makes it possible to offset minor losses in multiple fertility during insemination at this age.
Undrained Shear Strength of Beaufort Peat: Behavioural Analysis
Authors: Sutarno Mohd Syeddre , Mohamad Habib Musa , Suro Sajiharjo Marto , Suradi Muhammad Aniq Azraei
Published: December 2024

Peat soil is a highly organic surface layer primarily derived from plant remains. Peat, on the other hand, is the subsurface of wetland systems and consists of unconsolidated superficial layers with a high content of non-crystalline colloid (humus). It is generally dark brown to black, has an organic odour, and a spongy consistency. Peat soil is commonly found in swamp areas and is a partly decomposed organic layer of soil generated from plant matter that accumulates under conditions of waterlogging, high acidity, oxygen scarcity, and nutritional deficiency. Peat soils typically have a low shear strength ranging from 5 to 20 kPa, high compressibility from 0.9 to 1.5, and a high moisture content exceeding 100%. Peat also exhibits significant deformation, varied magnitudes, and specific structures, with an organic matter content exceeding 75%. The investigation of peat soil involves Unconsolidated Undrained Triaxial Tests, where parameters are explored under varying Total Stress of 13kPa, 25kPa, 50kPa, and 100kPa, with samples taken from three different locations: Kpt-L1, Kpt-L2, and Kpt-L3. The findings suggest that different peat soil locations yield varying results due to differences in composition. The Triaxial Test Unconsolidated Undrained was used for the peat soil in Sabah. This was the first time this test was conducted by a researcher at Klias Peat Swamp Field Centre in Beaufort, Sabah. Unconsolidated Undrained and Consolidated Undrained tests are not significant since the moisture content of peat soil is high.
White Blood Cell Classification Using SMOTE-SVM Method with Hybrid Feature Extraction and Image Segmentation Using Gaussian Mixture Model
Authors: Sutabri Tata , Adi Putra Celvine
Published: December 2024

White blood cells are crucial to the immune system. The irregular structure of white blood cells, along with the fact that each type has its unique structure, makes manual identification challenging. Manual identification is prone to errors due to medical personnel's subjectivity and fatigue from time and effort demands. A fast and accurate method for classifying white blood cells is needed, but challenges remain regarding the quality and quantity of samples for each cell type. This study proposes the use of SMOTE and SVMSMOTE to address the issue of data imbalance, as well as a combination of shape features (size, circularity, convexity, solidity) and convolutional autoencoder (CAE) for feature extraction, along with a Gaussian mixture model for nucleus segmentation. The study finds that, without using SMOTE or SVMSMOTE for data balancing, the proposed features are already sufficient to represent each cell type except eosinophils, achieving an accuracy of 92.4%, precision of 91.9%, recall of 92.3%, F1-Score of 92%, MCC of 0.862, and CEN of 0.1376 using a polynomial kernel. The worst results were obtained with the sigmoid kernel. The combined feature extraction (shape and CAE) outperformed individual methods. Shape alone achieved 86.8% accuracy, CAE alone 87.8%. Recall for eosinophil cells improved using SMOTE and SVMSMOTE.
Penerapan Uang Pesangon bagi Pekerja Tetap atas Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja secara Sepihak
Authors: Angelia  , Lie Gunardi
Published: December 2024

Pemberian pesangon merupakan hak pekerja tetap yang diatur oleh hukum ketenagakerjaan dan bertujuan untuk memberikan perlindungan finansial setelah Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja (PHK). Penelitian ini menelaah bagaimana pelaksanaan pembayaran pesangon dilakukan, terutama ketika PHK terjadi tanpa kesepakatan dari pihak pekerja, serta peran peraturan perundang-undangan dalam menjamin hak-hak pekerja yang terkena PHK secara sepihak dan mengeksplorasi upaya hukum yang dapat ditempuh oleh pekerja ketika hak pesangon tidak diberikan sesuai peraturan ketenagakerjaan, yakni melalui langkah-langkah yang dapat dilakukan pekerja, seperti penyelesaian melalui mediasi di Dinas Ketenagakerjaan ataupun jalur pengadilan. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan bersifat yuridis normatif, yakni menggunakan data sekunder atau kepustakaan yang terdiri dari bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan bahan non-hukum. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dibutuhkannya pengawasan ketat dan sosialisasi aturan terkait oleh pihak pemerintah agar hak-hak pekerja tetap terlindungi sesuai amanat Undang-Undang Ketenagakerjaan.
DECaPS and SMA Discovery of a Highly Inclined Class I Young Stellar Object with an Outflow: IRAS 08235–4316
Authors: Lovell Joshua Bennett , Monsch Kristina , Keating Garrett K. , Wilner David J. , Edenhofer Gordian , Gurwell Mark , Rao Ramprasad
Published: December 2024

We present images of IRAS 08235–4316 with the Dark Energy Camera Plane Survey (DECaPS; spanning 0.398–1.034 μm, at ∼1″ resolution) and the Submillimeter Array (SMA; at 1.38 mm (217 GHz) and ∼1

.

″

9 × 1

.

″

2 resolution), a young stellar object (YSO) located in the Vela constellation near to the Puppis boundary, detected in a systematic search for new large/extended emission sources. The DECaPS data show an asymmetric bipolar morphology with a large angular extent of ∼7

.

″

1 separated by a dark lane, characteristic of highly inclined protoplanetary disks and less-evolved YSOs with outflows. The SMA data show an extended continuum structure along the optical dark lane with a smaller angular extent of ∼4

.

″

6. The detected 12CO J = 2–1 emission tentatively shows a velocity gradient along the position angle of the dark lane/millimeter continuum, which may trace rotating gas. Additional 12CO emission is present, which could trace infalling/outflowing gas and/or a nearby gas cloud. We estimate a distance to IRAS 08235–4316 of at least ∼191 pc. Supported by additional spectral energy distribution modelling, we infer IRAS 08235–4316 to be a newly discovered Class I YSO with an outflow, host to an embedded protoplanetary disk, with a large millimeter radius of ∼440 au and dust mass ≳ 11 M
⊕.
Central versus Global Quenching Traced by the APEX-CALIFA Survey
Authors: Barrera-Ballesteros J. K. , Cruz-González I. , Colombo D. , Sánchez S. F. , Levy R. C. , Villanueva V. , Wong T. , Bolatto A. , Alonso Hernández D.
Published: December 2024

The quest for the mechanisms that halt star formation in galaxies is essential to understand their evolution. Here, we use the APEX-CALIFA survey, which includes 560 galaxies (0.005 < z < 0.08), so far the largest sample of galaxies in the nearby universe with both Integral Field Spectroscopic, Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area (CALIFA) and single-aperture millimeter observations, as well as the extended CALIFA sample (823 targets). Using these observations we derive (i) the deficit or excess of star formation for a given stellar mass with respect to the star formation main sequence (ΔSFMS), (ii) the gas fraction, and (iii) the star formation efficiency (SFE) for two apertures (central and global apertures using the APEX-CALIFA and CALIFA samples, respectively). We confirm the so-called “inside-out” quenching, that is, for quiescent galaxies the central values of ΔSFMS are usually smaller than those values derived from global measurements. However, for a given ΔSFMS we find that for retired galaxies the central gas fraction is larger in comparison to global measurements. Furthermore, the central SFE is significantly smaller in comparison to global counterparts. In general, in comparison to the global measurements, the deficit of star formation at the center of retired galaxies is primarily caused by the inefficiency to form new stars rather than the lack of molecular gas. We suggest that even though at the center of retired galaxies the gas fraction is larger, morphological structures could prevent that the molecular gas is transformed into new stars. Even more so in the outskirts of some retired galaxies with small gas fractions, star formation activity is still occurring.
Toward Understanding the Evolutionary Role of Star-forming Lenticular Galaxies: New H i Detections and Comparison with Quiescent S0s and Red Spirals
Authors: Chen 陈 Pei-Bin 培彬 , Wang 王 Junfeng 俊峰 , Cao 曹 Tian-Wen 天文 , Shen 沈 Mengting 梦婷 , Xu 许 Xiaoyu 啸宇
Published: December 2024

As one type of blue early-type galaxy, the evolutionary history and fate of star-forming lenticular galaxies (S0s) remain elusive. We selected 134 star-forming S0s from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV MaNGA survey and found that they have steep and warped size–mass relations, similar to quiescent S0s and red spirals, indicating that they may have similar gas dissipation scenarios. These galaxies have a higher central stellar mass surface density than normal blue spirals. The radial profiles of D
n4000 and [Mgb/Fe] show that red spirals and quiescent S0s have similar old central populations and high [Mgb/Fe] values, suggesting rapid bulge formation, though red spirals exhibit a steeper gradient possibly due to residual star formation (SF) in outer regions. In contrast, star-forming S0s exhibit profiles between quiescent S0s/red spirals and normal blue spirals, with relatively flat D
n4000 and [Mgb/Fe] gradients. More long-term SF history causes normal blue spirals to have very flat D
n4000 and [Mgb/Fe] profiles, and the majority of them (79% ± 5%) have a Sérsic index of <2. We also found that the halo mass of star-forming S0s resembles that of quiescent S0s/red spirals, with 82% ± 5% exceeding the critical mass (M
halo = 1012
M
⊙
h
−1). To supplement previous H i detection of star-forming S0s covered by H iMaNGA, we obtained new observations for H i emission from 41 star-forming S0s in our sample using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope. We found that the H i mass distribution of star-forming S0s matches that of normal blue spirals, although both star-forming S0s and red spirals are relatively gas-poor, resulting in varying atomic gas depletion times due to different SF levels. Based on these observational results, we discuss the possible evolutionary scenarios of star-forming S0s.
Threshold Mass of the General-relativistic Instability for Supermassive Star Cores
Authors: Shibata Masaru , Fujibayashi Sho , Jockel Cédric , Kawaguchi Kyohei
Published: December 2024

The dependence of the final fate of supermassive star (SMS) cores on their mass and angular momentum is studied with simple modeling. SMS cores in the hydrogen-burning phase encounter the general-relativistic instability during stellar evolution if the mass is larger than ∼3 × 104
M
⊙. Spherical SMS cores in the helium-burning phase encounter the general-relativistic instability prior to the onset of the electron–positron pair instability if the mass is larger than ∼1 × 104
M
⊙. For rapidly rotating SMS cores, these values for the threshold mass are enhanced by up to a factor of ∼5, and thus, for SMSs with mass smaller than ∼104
M
⊙, the collapse is triggered by the pair instability, irrespective of the rotation. After the onset of the general-relativistic instability, SMS cores in the hydrogen-burning phase with reasonable metallicity are likely to collapse to a black hole irrespective of the degree of rotation, whereas SMS cores in the helium-burning phase could explode via nuclear burning with no black hole formation, as previous works demonstrate.
Reverberation Mapping of Lamppost and Wind Structures in Accretion Thin Disks
Authors: Chan 詹 James Hung-Hsu 弘旭 , Fagin Joshua , Best Henry , O’Dowd Matthew J.
Published: December 2024

To address the discrepancy where disk sizes exceed those predicted by standard models, we explore two extensions to disk size estimates within the UV/optical wavelength range: disk winds and color correction. We provide detailed, self-consistent derivations and analytical formulas, including those based on a power-law temperature approximation, offering efficient tools for analyzing observational data. Applying our model to four type I active galactic nuclei with intensive reverberation mapping observations, we find a shallower temperature slope (T ∝ R
−0.66, compared to R
−3/4 traditionally) and a color-correction factor (f
col ≈ 1.6), consistent with previous studies. We observe a positive correlation between accretion rate and color correction with black hole mass. However, the small sample size limits our conclusions. The strong degeneracy between the temperature slope and accretion rate suggests that incorporating flux spectra or spectral energy distributions could improve fitting accuracy. Our simulation approach rapidly generates quasar light curves while accommodating various observational scenarios for reverberation mapping, making it well-suited for training machine learning algorithms.
Reinforcing treatment and evaluation workflow of stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy for refractory ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Kim Hojin , Park Sangjoon , Kim Jihun , Kim Jin Sung , Kim Dong Wook , Kim Nalee , Uhm Jae-Sun , Kim Daehoon , Pak Hui-Nam , Hong Chae-Seon , Yoon Hong In
Published: December 2024

Purpose: Cardiac radioablation is a novel, non-invasive treatment for ventricular tachycardia (VT), involving a single fractional stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) session with a prescribed dose of 25 Gy. This complex procedure requires a detailed workflow and stringent dose constraints compared to conventional radiation therapy. This study aims to establish a consistent institutional workflow for single-fraction cardiac VT-SABR, emphasizing robust plan evaluation and quality assurance.Materials and Methods: The study developed a consistent institutional workflow for VT-SABR, including computed tomography (CT) simulation, target volume definition, treatment planning, robust plan evaluation, quality assurance, and image-guided strategy. The workflow was implemented for two patients with cardiac arrhythmia. Accurate target volume definition using planning CT images and electronic anatomical mapping was critical. A four-dimensional (4D) cone-beam CT (CBCT) and breath-hold electrocardiographic gated CT images reliably detected target motion.Results: The resulting plans exhibited a conformity index greater than 0.7 and a gradient index around G4.0. Dose constraints for the planning target volume (PTV) aimed for 95% or higher PTV dose coverage, with a maximum dose of 200% or lower. However, one case did not meet the PTV dose coverage due to the proximity of the PTV to gastrointestinal organs. Plans adhered to dose constraints for organs at risk near the heart, but meeting constraints for specific cardiac sub-structures was challenging and dependent on PTV location.Conclusion: The plans demonstrated robustness against respiratory motion and patient positional uncertainty through a robust evaluation function. The 4D and intra-fractional CBCT were effective in verifying target motion and setup stability.
Role of memantine to mitigate radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction in brain metastasis patient receiving whole brain radiotherapy: a systematic review
Authors: Oktavianda Yoga Dwi , Permata Tiara Bunga Mayang
Published: December 2024

Purpose: Identifying comprehensively the evidence of neuroprotective effects of memantine for preserving cognitive function in brain metastasis patients receiving whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT).Methods: We searched randomized clinical trials (RCTs) analyzing the effects of memantine to preserve cognitive function in patients with brain metastasis treated with WBRT, performed in some databases, including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. The protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42023476632). We reported the selection process according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guideline. The studies were appraised by using the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0).Results: We included three RCTs that met the eligibility criteria. No high risk of bias was found. Two articles compared WBRT + memantine to WBRT + placebo, and the other one compared hippocampal avoidance (HA)-WBRT + memantine to WBRT + memantine. There was no significant difference in characteristics among groups of treatment arms. The differences in cognitive function deterioration between treatment arms began to appear four months after initiated the treatment. The risk of cognitive failure was lower in patients receiving memantine compared to placebo. Moreover, combining HA-WBRT + memantine lowered the cognitive failure compared to standard WBRT + memantine. No article stated significant difference in quality of life (QoL) and survival outcomes in patients receiving memantine.Conclusion: Although the evidence was still limited, memantine was reported to have the potential to mitigate radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction in patients with brain metastasis receiving WBRT. However, there was no evidence revealing the benefit of memantine for enhancing QoL and prolonging survival.
Fait et théorie : quelles connaissances de base pour la cladistique structurale ?
Authors: Tassy Pascal
Published: December 2024

Cet article a pour but de présenter le débat autour des interprétations phylogénétique et structurale de la cladistique, débat remontant à 1979. La résurrection du débat en 2000 est largement liée à la question de l’essor des méthodes probabilistes de construction d’arbre, ce qui n’est pas étonnant puisque la double facette structure et processus en forme la toile de fond. Pour ce qui est de la cladistique, insister sur la mise en avant de l’étape initiale : la congruence des données (la nature est hiérarchique), tient de l’approche structurale. Un tel raisonnement est parfois qualifié d’opérationnaliste et non justifié scientifiquement. Cependant, à partir d’une déduction poppérienne simple il est possible de contredire cette affirmation. Les propositions de subordination de caractères – «  pattern  » – sont réfutables et donc scientifiques.
Systématique phylogénétique et sens de l’histoire
Authors: Barberousse Anouk
Published: December 2024

Cet article est l’occasion pour moi de tenter de clarifier certaines questions qui ont été soulevées dans les discussions des Journées 2004 de la Société française de systématique. On y a parlé de Popper et de régimes de preuve, ainsi que des différences entre les disciplines scientifiques du point de vue des raisonnements qu’elles mobilisent. Je me propose d’apporter quelques éclaircissements terminologiques et conceptuels au débat, et de montrer que les questions générales et abstraites concernant les raisonnements à l’œuvre dans l’activité scientifique ont parfois des répercussions plus concrètes.
Phylogénie et classification : concepts, méthodologie générale et postulats requis
Authors: Deleporte Pierre
Published: December 2024

Une phylogénie représente une succession d’événements de spéciation, constituant une explication historique sommaire de la distribution des caractères dans les organismes (matrice taxons x caractères ). L’inférence phylogénétique nécessite la mise en œuvre d’un « algorithme à remonter le temps », fondé sur une conception du processus évolutif (le « modèle » d’évolution des caractères). Les méthodes phylogénétiques diffèrent fondamentalement par les modèles mis en œuvre, plutôt que par les techniques d’optimisation. Mais que savons-nous des lois d’évolution des caractères ? C’est toujours le point faible de l’inférence phylogénétique. Chaque modèle nécessiterait une justification biologique du choix des caractères pertinents, de l’algorithme et de la valeur des paramètres. Le modèle classique héritage avec modification est nécessaire mais insuffisant pour choisir un algorithme particulier. La recherche constante d’une amélioration de notre connaissance des processus évolutifs fait de la phylogénétique une science intégrative. Une classification sert à faciliter l’analyse et la communication concernant les objets classés. Les classifications sont des concepts, on ne les découvre pas toutes faites dans la nature. Les classifications les plus utiles répondent à un cahier des charges optimal pour un usage particulier. Les classifications purement « structuralistes », dénuées de sens, sont inutiles (excepté comme possibles outils d’investigation exploratoire). Une classification fondée sur la parenté phylogénétique peut convenir aux biologistes de l’évolution. Elle consiste à regrouper les organismes en classes (groupes monophylétiques, clades ) dont les membres partagent la « propriété historique » d’ascendance commune exclusive. Ces clades ne sont pas « découverts » (bionominalisme), mais conçus comme classes d’organismes biologiques en référence à une phylogénie (conceptualisme). Il faut éviter la réification (i.e. l’erreur de considérer les clades comme « individus » observables). D’autres classifications sont possibles, répondant à divers besoins. La quête d’une classification unique qui serait optimale pour tous les usages est vaine.
De la méthode comparative à la méthode comparative évolutive
Authors: Morand Serge
Published: December 2024

Dans les disciplines qui font référence à l’évolution, la méthode comparative a pour ambition de dépasser la description des séquences temporelles, généralement décrite par un arbre de relations de parenté, pour aller vers une compréhension des adaptations issues de l’évolution des organismes. Les méthodes d’inférence statistique en analyse comparative sont donc centrales, mais souvent leurs fondements épistémologiques et théoriques sont peu explicites. Ce chapitre est une brève exploration des fondements épistémologiques de la méthode comparative évolutive et de ses enjeux.
Le contrôle de gestion dans l’Économie Sociale et Solidaire, un partenaire d’innovation sociale grâce à l’hybridation au jour le jour
Authors: Clavijo Nathalie , Oriot Fabienne , d’Astros Caecilia Drujon
Published: December 2024

Dans cet article, nous étudions une association de l’Économie Sociale et Solidaire (ESS), actrice de l’innovation sociale, qui promeut l’émancipation des enfants et des jeunes dans un contexte de concurrence et réduction des financements. À partir d’entretiens et d’une analyse de documents, nous cherchons à comprendre comment le contrôle de gestion est utilisé pour piloter cette organisation, dans un contexte de tensions entre logiques financières et missions sociales. Ce pilotage est incarné à la fois par des acteurs et par des outils. Pour répondre à plusieurs interlocuteurs, le contrôle de gestion se segmente en trois espaces : 1/ la négociation des marchés publics pour assurer la viabilité financière et « jouer avec le jeu politique » des élus et des collectivités, 2/ le pilotage de la masse salariale et la lutte contre la précarité et le temps partiel des salariés, 3/ la mise en marche de plans pour former les salariés et de projets innovants pour émanciper enfants et adolescents. À travers l’étude de l’hybridation au jour le jour et la segmentation dans le travail du contrôle de gestion, nous proposons deux contributions à la littérature en contrôle de gestion sur les organisations de l’ESS et les organisations à but non lucratif. Nous mettons en évidence l’usage du contrôle de gestion dans un contexte structurellement générateur de tensions où une vision pragmatique des situations est permise par l’hybridation au jour le jour. Les usages pluriels et situés du contrôle permettent au contrôleur de gestion de prendre sa place en tant que « partenaire d’innovation sociale » avec toutes les limites que cette posture comporte. Nous soulignons ensuite ce que ce positionnement permet pour la réhumanisation d’un métier essentiel et la mise en œuvre d’une offre de prestations innovantes dont on ne cherche pas à mesurer le résultat.
Mathematical modeling of microtube-driven regrowth of gliomas after local resection
Authors: Shyntar Alexandra , Hillen Thomas
Published: December 2024

Recently, glioblastoma tumors were shown to form tumor microtubes, which are thin, long protrusions that help the tumor grow and spread. Follow-up experiments were conducted on mice in order to test what impact the tumor microtubes have on tumor regrowth after the partial removal of a tumor region. The surgery was performed in isolation and along with growth-inhibiting treatments such as a tumor microtube-inhibiting treatment and an anti-inflammatory treatment. Here, we have proposed a partial differential equation model applicable to describe the microtube-driven regrowth of the cancer in the lesion. We found that the model is able to replicate the main trends seen in the experiments such as fast regrowth, larger cancer density in the lesion, and further spread into healthy tissue. The model indicates that the dominant mechanisms of re-growth are growth-inducing wound-healing mechanisms and the proliferative advantage from the tumor microtubes. In addition, tumor microtubes provide orientational guidance from the untreated tissue into the lesion.
Ethnographic Descriptions of “Land und Leute” in the Alps-Adriatic Region in the 19th Century
Authors: Fikfak Jurij , Schönberger Klaus
Published: December 2024

Ethnographic accounts from the 19th century, including “Land und Leute”, statistical reports and travelogues, provide insight into how ethnographers (broadly defined) presented and investigated the transformations occurring in the multicultural Alps-Adriatic region. An examination of these documents elucidates “in-between” practices among diverse languages and cultures, and facilitates an exploration of how individuals negotiated complex national and cultural identifications.
Revelation of the overlooked conceptual mistakes in the derivation of the Lorentz transformation factor
Authors: Ghoshal Suniti K.
Published: December 2024

The conceptual foundation of Einstein's theory for the derivation of the Lorentz transformation factor (LTF) has been subjected to a thorough examination both analytically and experimentally and there reveals a host of conceptual mistakes that the theory suffers from. The presumed temporal
concept of the theory that the time of occurrence of an event measured in a moving frame (t′) should be different from that measured in a stationary frame (t) and the frame's velocity dependent temporal concept that the theory concludes have been conclusively proven to
be conceptually incorrect ones. That the LTF theory suffers from a logical flaw—the fallacy of circular reasoning—is quite evident from the fact that what the theory concludes is the same as what it assumes. The experimental observation conclusively proves that t′ = t,
that is, the time-measurement readings by all ideal clocks are exactly the same, irrespective of their state of motion. All the key equations involving t′ that Einstein deduced in his LTF theory have also been shown to be the incorrect ones. That the LTF was erroneously derived
on the basis of faulty temporal concept has been conclusively proven in this article.
On the justification and validity of application of the Stirling approximation in evaluation of the entropy of a perfect gas
Authors: Choe Haengjin
Published: December 2024

Numerous introductory textbooks on physics compute the entropy change of an ideal gas in the case of free expansion. Some of those textbooks compute that change using the Stirling approximation. But, the procedure of obtaining the solution using the Stirling formula has fatally serious
flaws. The reader will see that the Stirling formula must be applied in very limited situations in evaluating the entropy change of a freely expanding gas.
Kinematics of balls and light versus the theory of special relativity
Authors: Filipescu Filip Dambi
Published: December 2024

The study of the emission, propagation, and reflection of balls leads to the mechanical ballistic law, which applies to both balls with and without mass. A natural extension of the ballistic law is to encompass massless entities such as light. According to the ballistic law, a ball
or light emitted by a source inherits the velocity of the source in the absolute frame. The phenomenon described by the ballistic law works in the absolute frame which acts as the background of inertial frames and governs the kinematics of balls and light in each inertial frame. It explains
why the light emitted, propagated, and reflected speed is the universal constant  c  in any inertial frame when the sources and mirrors are at rest, why the laws of physics have the same form in any inertial frame,
and why no experiment in such a frame can prove its motion. By understanding the kinematics of light, we can understand the multiple issues rooted in Lorentz’s transformation and Einstein’s special relativity. For example, the theory of special relativity misapplies the symmetry
observed in some phenomena to two inertial frames. Thus, it duplicates a physical phenomenon from one inertial frame considered stationary to another. The Lorentz transformation imposes the speed of light  c  in
the moving and opposite directions of the inertial frame. Simultaneously, it varies in any other direction converging to infinite. The time contraction in the moving direction of the inertial frame is different from the time dilation in the opposite direction, and both times are different
from those in any other direction. Thus, each direction requires a ruler and time synchronization. Lorentz’s transformation has no length contractions to support this fundamental concept of special relativity. These unacceptable conclusions prove that the theory of special relativity
is self-negating.
A kinetic interpretation of E = mc2
Authors: Frade José M.
Published: December 2024

The Special Theory of Relativity (STR) has equalized resting mass with energy, the latter being proportional to the squared speed of light (c) (E = mc2). This value exactly doubles the kinetic energy of a mass moving at c speed (E = 1/2mc2).
Therefore, E = mc2 could be kinetically explained within the framework of a previously described, four-dimensional (4D) universe (U4D) where the 3D space in which we live (U3D) moves at c speed along its fourth
dimension. We have shown that the counterintuitive effects on kinematics and dynamics of the STR can be explained as a misperception of the 4D reality when projected to U3D. Based on this universe model, E = mc2 could be interpreted
as the sum of the kinetic energy associated with the mass, due to its displacement together with U3D along the fourth dimension, plus the variation of the kinetic energy of U3D itself when the mass is either annihilated or created, due to the principle of
momentum conservation. This kinetic interpretation of E = mc2 provides a new framework for our understanding of the Universe through a new-Newtonian perspective. Importantly, our results provide a way to experimentally test our universe model and, additionally,
to estimate the mass present in U3D.
Entrepreneurial Leadership
Authors: Obuobisa-Darko Theresa
Published: December 2024

Using the social exchange theory, the paper explains why Entrepreneurial leadership influences employee engagement and employee's innovative behaviour towards organisation success. Findings indicate that entrepreneurial leaders influence employee engagement and employee innovative behaviour because of their People, Learning and Purpose oriented mindset. These enable the leader to influence employees positively and the employees reciprocate by being engaged, thus strive to achieve goals, work with vigour, dedication and absorbed and exhibit innovative behaviour by generating new ideas, promote and implement them for organisation success. The chapter makes a novel theoretical contribution by utilizing social exchange theory to explain the relationship between entrepreneurial leadership, employee engagement and employee's innovative behaviour. A model is developed to guide future empirical studies.
Interpretations of Entrepreneurial Leadership Across Cultures
Authors: Katjiteo Ancia
Published: December 2024

Entrepreneurial leadership is shaped by cultural influences, presenting diverse interpretations across different societies. This chapter examines the multifaceted nature of entrepreneurial leadership through a cultural lens and explores its implications for cross-cultural leadership development. Drawing on established cultural dimensions proposed by scholars like Hofstede and Trompenaars. Through case studies from various countries, the chapter illustrates the cultural nuances in entrepreneurial leadership practices.
Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Infused Agricultural Transformation for Sustainable Harvest
Authors: Satpathy Ipseeta , Nayak Arpita , Jain Vishal , Arif Md. Zahir Uddin
Published: December 2024

The world's population is predicted to surpass 10 billion by 2050, placing pressure on agriculture to enhance food supply and production. Two alternatives are to increase acreage or embrace large agricultural methods, as well as to develop novel approaches that use technology to promote crop growth on current farms. Farming has advanced greatly from manual ploughs and horse-drawn machines, and new technologies are being developed to improve farming operations. The agricultural artificial intelligence business is anticipated to increase from USD 1.7 billion in 2023 to USD 4.7 billion in 2028. AI can assist to mitigate many of the problems of traditional farming by complementing existing technologies and collecting and analysing massive quantities of data. This research attempts to add to the existing understanding of AI in agriculture, with an emphasis on sustainability.
Detailed Analysis of Climate Change and Its Mitigation via Technology
Authors: Das Dhruvarshi , Tripathi Anant , Chaudhary Poonam
Published: December 2024

The issue of climate change is widely recognized by numerous scientists and policymakers as one of the most urgent challenges facing Earth today. The escalation of human activities over the past two centuries, including activities like burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and the release of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and other toxic substances into the atmosphere, has significantly impacted both the climate and human civilization. Observable consequences of these activities range from an increase in global mean temperatures (GMTs) to a rise in the frequency of natural disasters such as cyclones, hurricanes, droughts, and floods. These occurrences underscore the imperative nature of addressing climate change as an urgent and imminent emergency. However, the positive aspect is that solutions are attainable. This research article intends to explore and comprehend the scenario of climate change, including its causes and mechanisms, as well as how this tragedy can be avoided, and the cause of a sustainable future may advance, thanks to technical advancements.
Building Climate Resilience in the Caribbean
Authors: Charles Don
Published: December 2024

Trinidad and Tobago (T&T) is dependent on food imports, rendering the country susceptible to risks within the global value chains for food. The objective of this study is to model and forecast T&T's import of vegetables and fruit. Second, this study sought to provide policy recommendations to address T&T's reliance on imported fruits and vegetables.Using monthly data from the CSO on SITC 05 over the January 2007 to June 2023 period, a Long Short-Term Memory model was used to forecast T&T's imports of fruits and vegetables. The results revealed that the sum of the 12-month point estimates of the forecast is TT $1,062,807,376. Therefore, the forecasts suggest that T&T fruit and vegetable imports will remain over TT$1 billion annually is no new policy intervention is introduced.This study recommends the implementation of commercial hydroponics farms integrated with real-time monitoring, precision nutrient management, and predictive analytics to enhance the agriculture output in T&T.
Using Process-Based Pedagogical Assessment Practices to Challenge Generative AI in the Writing Classroom
Authors: Gagich Melanie
Published: December 2024

In this chapter, I begin with a contextualization of a college writing course and a brief review of scholarship related to writing pedagogy. I then provide a discussion detailing various ways that I have seen my ENG 100 students using (and misusing) generative AI. Following these observations, I share two assignments and related supplemental materials that can be used to resist the unethical use of AI in writing classrooms and that embrace process over product pedagogy. I argue for the use of process over product pedagogy to resist, challenge, and counter-act this paradigm as well as a way to respond to students' misuse of generative AI.
Educational Assessments in the Age of Generative AI
Authors: Manokore Kudakwashe , Manokore Anita Sithabisiwe , Chigora Tendai Blessing
Published: December 2024

Educational assessments are essential for evaluating student learning and academic achievement. Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI), a branch of AI that generates content based on natural-language prompts, offers new possibilities in education, particularly in the areas of content design, delivery, and student support. With GAI, there is growing interest in leveraging AI-driven assessments to enhance formative and summative evaluation processes. This chapter explores the benefits of GAI in promoting personalised learning, improving student engagement, and optimising feedback. While GAI holds promise in transforming educational assessments, its implementation also raises important challenges, such as algorithmic bias, data privacy concerns, and issues of fairness, particularly within the African context where infrastructural disparities and digital divides remain significant barriers. Addressing these challenges is critical to ensuring that AI-driven tools are used responsibly and equitably in African educational systems.