bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developmental deficits, synapse and dendritic abnormalities in a Clcn4 KO autism mice model : Endophenotypic target for ASD
Authors: Kim Yeni , Lee Seong Mi , Choi Yura , Kim Dayeon , Jeong Ha Jin , Do Young Ho , Jung Sohee , Lee Bomee , Choi Hyung Joon , Kim Suhyeon , Oh Jung-Min , Han Jinju , Jeon Songhee
Published: October 2023

Chloride voltage-gated channel-4 (Clcn4) deletion is associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in humans. Previous studies reported that Clcn4 knockout (KO) mice do not exhibit neurological alterations in the brain. In the present study, Clcn 4 KO C57BL/6 mice was assessed using three chamber test and marble burying test at 7 to 8 weeks of age, KO mice showed reduction in social interaction and an increase in repetitive behavior mimicking ASD. RNA expression analysis from Clcn4 knockdown mice neural progenitor cells (NPCs) showed significant decreases in genes related to neuronal projection and synapse development, suggesting aberrance in the early stage of neuronal differentiation from NPCs. In primary cortical neurons, the cell viability, the length of dendritic branches, the number of MAP2 positive cells and the phosphorylation levels of Synapsin 1 and PSD95 were decreased in Clcn4 KO mice compared to wild-type mice, all of which were reversed by Risperidone. In the prefrontal cortex of Clcn4 KO mouse, the phosphorylation levels of Synapsin 1, ERK, CREB and PSD 95 were decreased. Risperidone treatment for 2 weeks in Clcn4 KO mouse at 5 weeks of age, reversed the cognitive impairment in the Y maze test and the passive avoidance test and improved ASD associated behaviors in three chamber test and marble burying test. Risperidone treatment increased the expression levels of PSD95 and CDK5 and the phosphorylation level of Synapsin 1 in the KO mice brain. Finally, risperidone restored the number of dendritic branches in human neurons derived from CLCN4 KD NPCs. In conclusion, the results show that CLCN4 affect early social development through regulation of dendritic outgrowth and synapse remodeling. Moreover, risperidone can reverse the Clcn4 KO induced aberration in early development in addition to synapse and dendrite deficits suggesting an endophenotypic targets for drug development in ASD.
Psychiatric disorders and comorbidity in women with Turner Syndrome: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Naessén Sabine , Thunström Sofia , Wide Ulla , Landin-Wilhelmsen Kerstin , Berntorp Kerstin , Bryman Inger , Krantz Emily Amundson , Wahlberg Jeanette , Ekman Bertil , Isaksson Magnus , Karlsson Anders , Bergström Ingrid
Published: October 2023

Turner syndrome (TS) is a genetic condition characterized by partial or complete monosomy X. A reduced life expectancy has been shown in TS, depending on an increased risk of aortic dissection, and ischemic heart disease. Studies covering the occurrence of psychiatric conditions are sparse within TS. Several case reports describe concomitant TS and neuropsychiatric abnormalities that may represent a pathogenetic link to genetics, as well as feature correlates of TS. The aim of this study was to determine the presence, and the frequency of psychiatric diagnosis in women with TS in a Swedish cohort followed during 25 years’ time. Statistics from the entire female population in Sweden of corresponding age was used as reference. Data were retrieved from clinical examinations and validated from the National Board of Health and Welfare registries for women with TS (n = 487), aged 16 to 84 years, with respect to mental health disorders. The most common diagnoses were mood and anxiety disorders. There was no increase in psychiatric diagnosis within the group with time, nor correlation to specific karyotype or somatic comorbidity as congenital heart disease and hypothyroidism, hormonal treatment or childbirth. In addition, the frequency of psychiatric diagnosis in TS was lower than in the population-based data. Further investigations are needed in the view of the fact that women with Turner syndrome should not be burden with more severe diagnosis.
Shared genetic architecture and causality between autism spectrum disorder and irritable bowel syndrome, pain, and fatigue
Authors: Li Yiran , Xie Tian , Snieder Harold , Hartman Catharina
Published: October 2023

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often co-occurs with functional somatic syndromes (FSS), such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), pain, and fatigue. However, the underlying genetic mechanisms and causality have not been well studied. Using large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) data, we investigated the shared genetic architecture and causality between ASD and FSS. Specifically, we first estimated genetic correlations and then conducted a multi-trait analysis of GWAS (MTAG) to detect potential novel genetic variants for single traits. Afterwards, polygenic risk scores (PRS) of ASD were derived from GWAS and MTAG to examine the associations with phenotypes in the large Dutch Lifelines cohort. Finally, we performed Mendelian randomization (MR) to evaluate the causality. We observed positive genetic correlations between ASD and FSS (IBS: rg = 0.27, adjusted p = 2.04×10− 7; pain: rg = 0.13, adjusted p = 1.10×10− 3; fatigue: rg = 0.33, adjusted p = 5.21×10− 9). Leveraging these genetic correlations, we identified 4 novel genome-wide significant independent loci for ASD by conducting MTAG, including NEDD4L, MFHAS1, RP11-10A14.4, and C8orf74. PRS of ASD derived from both GWAS and MTAG were associated with ASD and FSS symptoms in Lifelines, and MTAG-derived PRS showed a bigger effect size, larger explained variance, and smaller p-values. We did not observe significant causality using MR. Our study provided new evidence of shared genetic architecture between ASD and FSS, specifically with IBS, pain, and fatigue. The findings confirm the genetic associations between ASD and FSS, and advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying co-occurrence.
Insufficient stem antetorsion is a crucial risk factor for posterior hip dislocation in patients undergoing THA for femoral neck fractures: A retrospective analysis
Authors: ZHOU Xiaoxiao , YE Xiuzhang , GUO Shengyang , LIU Ju , SUN Zhenguo , YANG Yang , JI Houlin
Published: October 2023

Background
The role of acetabular and femoral component positions with respect to the risk of post-operative instability and dislocation remains debated. In this study, we aimed to identify potential risk factors for early dislocation following primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) for displaced intracapsular femoral neck fractures (FNF) using radiological measurements.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed data for patients who underwent cementless primary THA for FNF using a posterolateral approach between January 2018 and December 2021. Follow-up duration, age, sex, affected side, and mean time from THA to dislocation were recorded. Leg-length inequality, abductor lever arm, vertical and horizontal femoral offsets, vertical and horizontal hip centers of rotation, abduction, anteversion of the acetabulum and femoral prosthesis, and combined anteversion were measured.
Results
The study sample included 17 men and 34 women, with 21 and 30 patients undergoing left- and right-hip operations, respectively. The mean patient age was 70.18 ± 7.64 years, and the mean follow-up duration was 27.73 ± 13.52 months. The mean time between THA and dislocation was 1.58 ± 0.79 months. Seven patients (13.73%) sustained posterior dislocation of the hip. The abduction angle (36.05 ± 6.82° vs. 45.68 ± 8.78°) (p = 0.008) and anteversion of the femoral prosthesis (8.26 ± 4.47° vs. 19.47 ± 9.01°) (p = 0.002) were significantly lower in the dislocation group than in the control group. There were no significant differences in other parameters.
Conclusions
Insufficient stem antetorsion, lower abduction angle of the acetabular component, and joint hyperlaxity were associated with a high risk of dislocation. Insufficient stem antetorsion can shift the neck of the prosthesis in the posterosuperior direction, while joint hyperlaxity can make it unstable. When combined with a lower abduction angle of the acetabular component, especially in patients with deep flexion or internal rotation of the flexed hip joint and knees, impingement may then occur in the neck of the prosthesis and cup component, ultimately resulting in posterior dislocation. Based on these findings, surgeons should aim to restore the acetabular component and neck of the prosthesis to appropriate spatial locations. These results provide new insight into risk factors for hip dislocation in patients undergoing primary THA for FNF and may aid in reducing the risk of instability and dislocation.
Level of evidence:
Prospective comparative study Level II.
A Multicenter Registry Protocol for Suicidal Behaviors in Iran: The SUBRP Study (2019-2022)
Authors: Fathi Marjan , Malakouti Seyed Kazem , Rezaeian Mohsen , Sayehmiri Kourosh , Sheikhtaheri Abbas , Ghaemmaghamfarahani Ida , Hajebi Ahmad , Ghanbari Behrooz , Etesam Farnaz
Published: October 2023

Background
Considering the limited information on suicide determinants, especially in low- and middle-income countries, the establishment and promotion of a suicide registration system are among the prominent strategies for suicide prevention programs around the world.
Objectives
The SUBRP protocol describes the purpose, design, methodology, and statistics used to register suicide, suicide attempt, and self-harm in the two provinces of Iran by the latest World Health Organization Guidelines.
Method
The Suicidal Behavior Registration Program (SUBRP) is an observational, prospective, and multicenter study, which is designed in five stages: a) literature review, b) infrastructure establishment, c) database and software design, d) training and implementing) analysis of obtained data, as well as examining opportunities and challenges. Considering the number of suicidal behaviors in the country, the research samples include cases of suicide attempts and self-harm in the two referral hospitals in Tehran and three hospitals in the three cities of Ilam province.
Result
This manuscript outlines the protocol of the forthcoming study.
Ethics and publication: The ethics board of Iran University of Medical Sciences approved this observational study. Enrollment began in November 2019 to mid-2022. Publication programs include presentations at scientific conferences and scientific publications.
Discussion
The design and implementation of the suicide registration program help researchers and policymakers make more innovative and effective interventions to prevent suicide by creating a comprehensive database of suicidal behavior determinants.
Risk Factors and Management of Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients With or Without Antiplatelet and Anticoagulation therapy: a Multicenter Real-world Prospective Study
Authors: Hao Wenlin , Liu Anlei , Zhu Huadong , Yu Xuezhong , Chen Gang , Xu Jun
Published: October 2023

Background
Antiplatelet and anticoagulation drugs complicate acute gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) patients. Limited data has been presented about the risk factors and patient management. This study aimed to explore the association between previous antiplatelet or anticoagulant drug usage and clinical outcomes in GIB patients in order to further improve awareness and optimize treatment.
Methods
We conducted a multicenter, non-interventional, real-world prospective study in 106 hospitals in 23 provinces in China. GIB patients confirmed in the emergency department were included and were grouped according to previous drug histories. Univariate analysis, multivariate logistic regression, and multivariate stratification models were performed separately to investigate the associations.
Results
A total of 2299 patients (57.23 ± 17.21 years old, 68.34% male) were included, of whom 20.10% and 2.91% received antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapy, respectively. The all-cause 28-day mortality rates in patients without antiplatelet or anticoagulants, patients undergoing antiplatelet treatment, and patients with anticoagulation therapy were 2.82%, 4.55%, and 10.45%, respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors, both antiplatelet [odd ratio (OR), 2.92; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.48–5.76; p = 0.0019] and anticoagulation therapy (OR, 8.87; 95% CI, 3.02–26.02; p < 0.001) were associated with higher 28-day mortality. In the subgroup analysis, blood transfusion, especially red blood cell transfusion, in patients undergoing antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapy was associated with a decreased death risk.
Conclusion
We confirmed an association between concurrent antiplatelet or anticoagulation therapy in GIB patients and elevated 28-day mortality. Blood transfusions could improve poor outcomes in such patients.
Moving from theory to practice: Barriers and facilitators to physiotherapy students’ use of the biopsychosocial approach in the management of chronic pain
Authors: Sujee Laeeqa , Munshi Shehnaz , Christofides Nicola
Published: October 2023

Background: Chronic pain poses a challenge to the health and well-being of people globally. A biopsychosocial approach is recommended for the management of chronic pain. Little is known about how the curriculum prepares students to apply this approach in practice. The aim of this study was to explore the facilitators and barriers for the use of the biopsychosocial approach, as experienced by physiotherapy students.Methods:The study utilised a case study approach located within an interpretive paradigm. Purposive and snowball sampling were used to select physiotherapy students in their clinical years. In-depth interviews were conducted over Microsoft Teams using a semi-structured interview guide. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and coded after which thematic analysis was conducted.Results:The study found that students were aware of the biopsychosocial approach and understood its importance in theory but had difficulty translating their theoretical understanding to practice. Facilitators to the use of the approach included positive attitudes towards patients with chronic pain, good interpersonal skills, emotional awareness, effective clinical supervision, guidance from supervisors and personal experience with pain. Barriers to the use of this approach included negative attitudes towards patients with chronic pain, clinical supervision and minimal interaction with members of the interdisciplinary team.Conclusion:The study highlights the gap between theoretical training and practice when using the biopsychosocial model when treating patients with chronic pain. The importance of supporting and guiding students when treating patients with chronic pain is emphasised. The use of a biopsychosocial approach and an interdisciplinary team must be encouraged in practice.
Utilizing Gradient Boosting Machine Algorithms to Analyze the Causal Impact of Antimicrobial Agents on Recovery Times of fever and Hospital Lengths of Stay in Non-Critical Pediatric Patients with Acute Viral Respiratory Tract Infections
Authors: Qahtani Mohammed Al , AlFulayyih Saleh Fahad , Baridi Sarah Saleh Al , Alomar Sara Amer , Alshammari Ahmed Nawfal , Albuaijan Reem Jassim , Uddin Mohammed Shahab
Published: October 2023

Background
The widespread prescribing of antibiotics in paediatric patients with upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) exacerbates global concerns about antimicrobial resistance. The purpose of this study is to look at the effect of antibiotics on hospital stay duration and fever resolution in paediatric patients who have been diagnosed with viral infections using a comprehensive multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) respiratory panel.
Methods
From October 2016 to December 2021, we performed a careful retrospective cohort analysis on paediatric patients confirmed with viral infections using nasopharyngeal aspirates at Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Hospital. We accurately balanced the cohorts’ getting antibiotics versus those not receiving them using the Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) technique for propensity score matching, ensuring a standardised mean difference threshold of 0.15.
Results
Human Rhinovirus/enterovirus was the most common (44.5%) among 238 paediatric patients, followed by respiratory syncytial virus (18.1%). In 8.4% of cases, significant co-infections were found, primarily involving HRV/EV and RSV. According to our survey-weighted linear regression model, antibiotic administration increased hospital LOS by an average of 2.19 days (p-value 0.00). Surprisingly, the presence of diarrhoea resulted in a 2.26-day decrease in LOS, while higher albumin levels resulted in a 0.40-day decrease in LOS. Neither fever nor CRP levels had a significant effect on LOS. The Kaplan-Meier curve comparing Time to Recovery from Fever for Abx0 (antibiotic-free) and Abx1 (antibiotic-received) groups indicated no significant difference in recovery length (p-value: 0.391), with a hazard ratio of 0.84 (CI: 0.57–1.2), confirming that antibiotic administration had no effect on recovery duration.
Conclusions
Our findings provide an insightful look at the common antibiotic prescribing practises for paediatric patients with acute viral respiratory infections. Although antibiotics did not speed up recovery, they were associated with longer hospital stays. The study emphasises the importance of clinicians exercising caution when giving antibiotics to paediatric patients with proven viral infections, especially when their clinical status is non-critical.
Responses of Rhizosphere and Root Surface Bacterial Communities and biomass of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Schima superba Seedlings to Nitrogen Forms
Authors: Liang Haiyan , Wang Lidong , Wang Yanru , Quan Xiaoqiang , Li Xiaoyu , Xiao Yaning , Yan Xiaoli
Published: October 2023

Background and aims
Ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) that can be absorbed and utilized by plants are heterogeneously distribute in nature soil, which will affect the plant growth and bacterial communities. This study aims to investigate the effects of single and mixed nitrogen (N) on bacterial communities in rhizosphere and root surface of Cunninghamia lanceolata (CR, CRS) and Schima superba (SR, SRS) seedlings.
Methods
Three N ratios NH4+-N: NO3−-N = 10:0, 5:5(control, CK), 0:10 were set to grow seedlings in pot culture with sand. The bacteria in the rhizosphere and root surface of the tree species were determined by High-throughput sequencing (16S rDNA), and bacterial numbers and growth indicators were fitted linearly.
Results
Compared with the CK, the 0:10 increased the bacterial numbers, richness and diversity in CR, while the 10:0 and 0:10 were both decreased them in CRS, SR and SRS, which was more similar between the 0:10 and CK. Overall, the bacterial numbers and richness were: CR > SR > CRS > SRS, but no obvious rule in diversity. The dominant bacterial phyla in CR and CRS were mainly Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota, while in SR and SRS were mainly Proteobacteria and Acidobacteriota. Except for the root biomass of S. superba, the linear relationship of other indicators in the rhizosphere were greater than root surface.
Conclusion
Mixed N was more conducive to bacterial community proliferation, and there were significant differences between the two tree species and the bacterial communities at different rhizosphere sites.
Medical student perceptions of mental illness: a cross-sectional transnational study in two medical schools
Authors: Rees Annie , Cuthbert Callum , Shah Viraj , Rong Lim , Peh Daniel , Baptista Ana , Smith Susan
Published: October 2023

Background:
Despite shifting global attitudes, mental illness remains highly stigmatised amongst practicing doctors. This has wider implications on doctors’ training and preparation to care for patients with mental illness. Despite remaining under-researched in the literature, there is need for exploration of the presence and mitigation of stigma in early medical education to prevent such attitudes propagating into clinical practice. Thus, this study explores whether stigmatising attitudes are detectable amongst medical students in London and Singapore and examines whether they are ameliorated by specific curricular and welfare features of formal medical education, utilising the Mental Illness Stigma Framework.
Methods:
A mixed-methods approach was adopted. Medical students at Imperial College London (UK; n = 211) and Nanyang Technological University (Singapore; n = 141) completed a validated scale (the OMS-HC-15) to assess attitudes towards mental illness. Semi-structured interviews were conducted (Imperial: n = 12, NTU: n = 8) until theoretical saturation was reached. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively and comparatively using SPSS and interview data subjected to inductive thematic analysis.
Results:
No differences in overall stigma scores were found between the two schools, or when comparing the year groups within each school. Four themes were identified: student perceptions, impacts of medical school culture, university support, and curricular impacts on mental illness perceptions. Themes allowed identification of aspects of medical school that were well-received and warranted further emphasis by students, alongside areas student deemed important to consider in developing their holistic understanding of mental illness.
Conclusion:
Average stigma scores obtained were lower than those measured in prior literature assessing medical student stigma utilising the same scale, perhaps explained by cultural differences and improved social attitudes. Curricular improvements such as earlier psychiatric teaching and sharing of personal stories may improve future stigma scores as students’ progress through the course. Specific welfare-based changes to formal support systems were also deemed to be beneficial by students. Stigma scores were comparable between UK and Singapore medical students and demonstrated less prejudice compared to published literature on students in other countries in previous years. The impacts of welfare and curriculum in relation to societal influence on students’ attitudes warrants further investigation, as does medical students’ self-stigma.
Difficult toddler temperament – Prevalence and associated factors at 18-month follow-up of a birth cohort
Authors: Bhadelia A'ishah , Barr Karlen R , John James Rufus , Jalaludin Bin , Dissanyake Cheryl , Williams Katrina , Woolfenden Susan , Eapen Valsamma
Published: October 2023

Background
A difficult temperament, when coupled with other risk factors, may lead to mental health problems in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of parental perception of difficult temperament in toddlers in a population cohort and identify associated individual and family-level socio-demographic risk factors.
Methods
The prevalence of parental perception of difficult temperament was derived from items in the 18-month follow-up questionnaire within the Watch Me Grow (WMG) longitudinal birth cohort study in a multicultural and socioeconomically disadvantaged community in Sydney, Australia. Data was available for 500 children and their parents. Primary analysis included multivariate logistic regression to assess significant risk factors associated with a difficult temperament.
Results
Parental perception of difficult temperament in the cohort was 7.3% (n = 492). Findings of the multivariate logistic regression showed that screen time > 2 hours a day (AOR 2.43, 95% CI: 1.2, 4.9), child not being read to (AOR 3.92, 95% CI: 1.8, 8.5), and family history of mental health problems (AOR 2.69, 95% CI: 1.1, 6.5) significantly increased the odds of having a difficult temperament.
Conclusions
Toddlers with a difficult temperament were less likely to have received stimulatory experiences and their families were more likely to be under greater stress. The findings emphasise the importance of parental support and anticipatory guidance in promoting nurturing care to facilitate child health and development, particularly in disadvantaged communities.
Effects of different mulch materials on the Photosynthetic Characteristics, yield, and soil water use efficiency of Wheat in Loess tableland
Authors: Ye Shenglan , Li Juan , Kong Hui , Shen Jianglong , Wu Dan
Published: October 2023

Due to the lack of precipitation and poor temporal and spatial stability in the Loess Plateau for a long time, it is necessary to adopt mulching technology to support the stable and high yield of wheat cultivation system. This study aims at exploring different mulching materials on the soil water content, photosynthetic characteristics, wheat yield, and yield components of winter wheat in the gully region of the Loess Plateau. The results showed that the traditional flat soil water content is the lowest in the seedling stage. In the jointing stage and heading stage of many crop water requirements, ridge film mulching treatment can effectively promote the growth of wheat and increase the water use efficiency. The leaf area index (LAI) of different treatments wheat showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. In the jointing stage, ordinary mulching film (T1) and liquid mulching film (T3) had the highest LAI content, which were 3.78 and 3.71 respectively. The Pn and Gs in wheat flag leaves of T3 treatment is higher than that of CK throughout the entire growth period, and T3 significantly increased Ci and WUEi in different growth stage. And the grain number per panicle and grain weight of T3 treatment were 24.44 and 41.00 g, which were 19.3% and 5.4% higher than CK, respectively. Through the actual production calculation of the final harvest, the ridge film mulching has a significant increase in production compared with the CK. The yield of T3 treatment was 4980.25 kg•hm− 2, which was 29.37% higher than CK. It was significantly different from CK (P < 0.05). Based on the comprehensive analysis, the ridge film mulching treatment significantly affected the soil water content and wheat yield. And the liquid mulching film had the best effect. Exploring the impact of different covering techniques on the wheat cultivation system in the Loess Plateau region, to promote the scientific promotion of this technology.
Injectable core-shell microspheres deliver prime-boost immunisation in a single shot
Authors: Guyon Romain , Bau Luca , Reinke Sören , Salman Ahmed , Hill Adrian , Stride Eleanor , Milicic Anita
Published: October 2023

Incomplete vaccination poses a significant challenge to worldwide disease eradication efforts, resulting in approximately 1.5 million preventable deaths each year1. A single-injection method for administering a full prime-boost course of immunisation would help to improve global coverage, reduce preventable deaths, and alleviate logistical and cost burdens on healthcare systems2,3. To address this need, we have developed a system for high-precision continuous production of liquid-core-solid-shell microspheres, with tuneable size and thickness, that can be delivered by standard injection. These core-shell particles enable delayed vaccine release, with a lag phase programmable from two weeks to several months. In vivo proof-of-concept is demonstrated with the leading malaria vaccine, adjuvanted R214,5, in a mouse model: a single injection of the priming dose combined with the booster dose encapsulated within the core-shell particles resulted in higher immunogenicity and protection against malaria than a single, dose-matched, priming vaccine. The process is suitable for a wide range of vaccines, enables programmable delayed release, antigen stability and high encapsulation efficiency with ease of injection, potent immunogenicity and potential for production at scale. It thus offers a practical means of addressing the long-standing issue of delivering prime-boost immunisation with a single injection, a long-held goal of the World Health Organisation (WHO) and their Special Programme for Vaccine Development6.
Hip joint articulator-to-trochanteric distance measurements in children: which in children aged 5 to 14 years does not grow with age.
Authors: Yang Di , Ouyang Haiping , Wang Zhongliang
Published: October 2023

Background
For pediatric orthopedists, the articulator-to-trochanteric distance (ATD) can be used in many diseases such as Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD), Developmental dysplaisa of the hips (DDH), Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), Pathological dislocation of the hips. The purpose of this study is to determine whether age affects the ATD values recorded in hip orthographic radiographs of children under the age of 14. The second aim is to study the growth rate of greater trochanter.
Methods
We retrospectively radiological results of 1787 cases of hip joint radiographs. The ATD, trochanter-to-trochanter distance (TTD), lesser trochanter-to-articular surface distance (LTA), capital femoral epiphysis-to- lesser trochanter distance (CLD) were measured. Grouping was performed according to gender and age. independent sample t-test, one-Way ANOVA were used.
Results
A total of 1787 cases of hip joints from six month to 14 years old were reviewed. The overall mean ATD of males aged 5 to 14 were 23.51 mm (p > 0.05), and that of females was 21.40 mm (p > 0.05), 95% confidence interval for male is (14.96, 31.60) mm, for female it is (13.99, 30.40) mm. k(TTD/AGE) was no statistical significance in k− male among men aged 8–14 (p > 0.05) and k− female among women aged 6–14 (p > 0.05).
Conclusions
Our data showed that the ATD value of children aged 5 to 14 years old was different between men and women in hip orthographic radiographs, but there was no difference between different ages. And the greater trochanter grows faster before the age of 8 for men and 6 for women.
Dietary inulin supplementation promote hepatic gluconeogenesis in goats
Authors: Zhu Dan , Hu Yun , Liu Yong , Zhou Chuanshe , Tan Zhiliang , Liu Qin , Kang Jinhe , Wang Zheng
Published: October 2023

Gluconeogenesis serves as the primary mechanism for ruminants acquire glucose. Enhancing gluconeogenesis can elevate the efficiency of glucose absorption in ruminants, subsequently boosting their growth and production capacity. In the context of ruminants, propionic acid stands out as a crucial substrate for gluconeogenesis. Increasing its production is therefore crucial for boosting gluconeogenesis. Inulin, a natural plant-derived polysaccharide, boasts capabilities such as fostering a healthier gut microbiota and modulating metabolism. Yet, limited research has been conducted on inulin's impact within the ruminant rumen ecosystem. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether dietary inulin supplementation affects rumen microbiota, rumen fermentation parameters, and hepatic gluconeogenesis in goats. In this study, 18 goats were randomly assigned to two groups: the control group and the inulin group, with 9 goats in each group. In the inulin group, 18.9% inulin was added instead of normal corn. Serum insulin concentration in the inulin group decreased . Increased activity of gluconeogenic rate limiting enzymes (PEPCK, G6Pase) and expression of FoxO1 in the liver. The mRNA expression levels of PAT1, DRA, MCT1, AE2 in rumen epithelium were increased. Meanwhile, inulin increased the concentration of total VFA and the proportion of propionic acid in ruminal fluid.In addition, inulin supplementation increased the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria (Lachnospiracea, Blautia, Prevellela-1, Pseudobotyrivibrio). Our findings suggest that inulin facilitates gluconeogenesis by amplifying the production of gluconeogenic substrates and curtailing insulin secretion.
TIMELESS promotes reprogramming of glucose metabolism in oral squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Chen Yafan , Han Zhengyang , Zhang Le , Gao Caihong , Wei Jingyi , Yang Xuyuan , Han Yabing , Li Yunbo , Zhang Chunmei , Wei Yixin , Dong Jiaqi , Xun Wenxing , Sun Weifu , Zhang Taotao , Zhang Hui , Chen Jingtao
Published: October 2023

Background
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant of the oral cavity, with a high prevalence and a poor survival rate. There have been studies that indicate circadian disruption has been related to many biological processes within the body and contributes to different diseases, including cancer. Circadian gene TIMELESS is strongly expression-specific in various tumors, but there are very few studies on TIMELESS and OSCC in the literature. The goal of this research is to inquire the impact of TIMELESS on cell growth and glucose metabolism in OSCC.
Methods
Expression of TIMELESS in OSCC cell lines and tissues was analyzed by western blot, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) and CCLE (Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia) databases. To evaluate the role of TIMELESS in OSCC, the clone formation experiment, MTS assay, cell cycle assay, EdU experiment and subcutaneous tumor formation experiment in nude mice were employed to detect the cell proliferation. Changes in glucose metabolism phenotype were evaluated by glucose uptake, lactate production, oxygen consumption and medium pH to determine if the phenotypes were linked to TIMELESS, the effect of TIMELESS on SIRT1, HK2, PKM2, GLUT1 and LDHA was also examined.
Results
Our results demonstrated that the obvious elevation of TIMELESS in OSCC tissues and cell lines, high expression of TIMELESS was conferred shorter overall survival of patients. TIMELESS overexpression promoted OSCC cells proliferation, increased glucose uptake and lactate production, decreased oxygen consumption rate and pH. Whereas the knockdown of TIMELESS remarkably inhibited OSCC cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo, reduced glucose uptake and lactate production, increased oxygen consumption rate and pH, while overexpression of SIRT1 showed a reversed trend. Correlation analysis demonstrated that expression of SIRT1 was positively associated with TIMELESS expression, and the expression of SIRT1, HK2, PKM2, GLUT1 and LDHA could change with the variation of TIMELESS in OSCC cells.
Conclusion
TIMELESS promotes OSCC cell growth by promoting glycolysis and inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation through SIRT1.
Effects of Nurses-led Multidisciplinary-Based Psychological Management in Spinal Surgery: a retrospective, propensity-score-matching comparative study
Authors: Liu Ying , Chen Jiali , Li Peifang , Chen Hong , He Junbo , Wu Tingkuii , Wang Beiyu , Ning Ning
Published: October 2023

Background
Patients in spine surgery often have emotional disorders which is caused by multi-factors. Therefore, a multidisciplinary and multimodal intervention program is required to improve emotional disorders during the perioperative period. However, related studies were rare. This study aimed to confirm that the multidisciplinary-based psychological management leading by nurses was effective in treating emotional disorders and show the assignments of the members of the multidisciplinary team with the orientations of nurses.
Design:
A retrospective, comparative study.
Method
This study was a retrospective cohort research and compared the results between the intervention group and control group using the Huaxi Emotional Distress Index (HEI) which was used to evaluate emotional disorders. The intervention group consisted of patients who underwent surgery between January 2018 and December 2020 after psychological management was implemented. The control group consisted of patients with regular care who underwent surgery between January 2015 and December 2017. To improve comparability between the two groups, baseline data from the recruited patients were analyzed using propensity-score-matching (PSM) based on age, sex, marital status, education, and disease region.
Results
A total of 539 (11.5%) people developed emotional disorders, of which 319 (6.8%), 151 (3.2%) and 69 (1.5%) had mild, moderate mood and severe emotional disorders, respectively. 2107 pairs of patients were matched after PSM. Scores of HEI in the intervention group were heightened compared with those in the control group (P＜0.001) after matching. Moreover, the incidence of emotional disorders in patients decreased after implementing psychological management (P = 0.001). The severity of emotional disorders was alleviated with statistical significance as well (P = 0.010).
Conclusions
Nurses-led Multidisciplinary-Based psychological management was able to reduce the incidence of emotional disorders and improve the severity of these in spine surgery patients.
Reliability and validation of an electronic penicillin allergy risk-assessment tool in a pregnant population
Authors: Wang Joanne , Elwood Chelsea , Paquette Vanessa , Kwan Natasha , Erdle Stephanie , Watt Melissa , Schalkwyk Julie Van , Bone Jeffrey , Roberts Ashley , Mak Raymond , Wong Tiffany
Published: October 2023

Background:
Penicillin allergy adversely impacts patient care, yet most cases do not have true allergies. Due to high reported prevalence of penicillin allergy, clinicians require efficient, reliable clinical tools to identify low risk patients who can be safely de-labeled. Our center implemented the FIRSTLINE electronic point-of-care decision support tool to help practitioners risk stratify patients with penicillin allergy. We sought to explore the reliability and validity of this tool in relation to actual patient outcomes. We additionally compared it with two other published stratification tools: JAMA and PENFAST, to assess ability to accurately identify low risk patients appropriate for direct oral challenge.
Methods:
In this single-center, retrospective, observational study, 181 pregnant females with self-reported penicillin allergy between July 2019 to June 2021 at BC Women’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada were used to assess the reliability and validity of all three tools. Physician-guided history of penicillin use and symptoms were used for scoring. Results and recommendations were compared to actual patient outcomes after clinician decision for direct oral challenge or intradermal tests. We additionally applied two other tools to the patient population and compared performance across the tools.
Results:
176 (97.2%) patients were assessed and deemed not allergic. Compared to the gold standard of clinician judgement, our electronic assessment tool has a specificity 0.93(0.88, 0.97), sensitivity 0.65 (0.41, 0.85), positive predictive value (PPV) 0.54 (0.33, 0.74), negative predictive value (NPV) 0.96 (0.91, 0.98). Other clinical tools were applied to the same population with the following results: 1) PENFAST specificity 0.85 (0.79, 0.90), sensitivity 0.40 (0.19, 0.64), PPV0.25 (0.11, 0.43), and NPV 0.92 (0.86, 0.96) and 2) JAMA toolkit specificity 0.66 (0.58, 0.73), sensitivity 0.85 (0.62, 0.97), PPV 0.24 (0.14, 0.35) and NPV 0.97 (0.92, 0.99).
Conclusion:
We demonstrate that our point-of-care electronic algorithm is reliable at identifying low risk pregnant patients, as compared to the gold standard of allergist assessment. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide direct comparison between multiple decision support tools using the same population, minimizing participant bias. Providing clinical algorithms to accurately identify patients with low risk penicillin allergy, can enable healthcare professionals to safely risk stratify individuals to direct penicillin oral challenges versus referral to specialists. This increases the generalizability and efficiency of penicillin allergy de-labelling.
HAR-BiNet: COVID-19 Prediction Using Hybrid Attention based Residual Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit
Authors: Joseph S. John , R Gandhiraj
Published: October 2023

One of the most disruptive emergency situations of the century, as seen globally, is the coronavirus epidemic and its quick spread. Clinical image analysis of chest computed tomography (CT)images can be useful in the prevention of the spread of this virus by providing a precise diagnosis. Detecting COVID-19 is possible with the use of artificial intelligence-assisted image analysis.Hence, a deep learning based technique is introduced in this research to forecast the COVID-19. The CT image acquired from the dataset is pre-processed using image resizing and image normalization to make the input image appropriate for the further processing. Then, the significant features will be extracted using convolutional neural network (CNN), Haralick Texture Features,and Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG). Using the extracted attributes the optimal best features are chosen using the proposed Chaotic Fennec Fox Optimization (CFFA) algorithm. Using the selected features, COVID-19 prediction will be devised using the proposed Hybrid Attention ResidualBiGRUNetwork (HAR-BiNet), which is designed by integrating attention module, ResNet_152 and Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit.The analysis of the proposed CFFA-HAR-BiNet based on accuracy, specificity, precision, recall, F1-Measure and MSE acquired the values of 96.10%, 99.71%, 96.54%, 94.70%, 96.30%, and 3.29% respectively.
Nematode-resistance loci in Upland cotton genomes are associated with structural differences
Authors: COHEN ZACHARY , Perkin Lindsey , Wagner Tanya , Liu Jinggao , Bell Alois , II Mark Arrick , Grover Corrinne , Yu John , Udall Joshua , Suh Charles
Published: October 2023

Reniform and root-knot nematodes are two of the most destructive pests of conventional Upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., and continue to be a major threat to cotton production in semi-arid regions of the southern United States and Central America. Fortunately, natural tolerance to these nematodes has been identified in Pima cotton varieties (G. barbadense) and several Upland varieties (G. hirsutum), which has led to a robust breeding program that has successfully introgressed and stacked these independent resistant traits into several Upland cotton lines with superior agronomic traits, e.g. BAR 32-30 and BARBREN-713. This work identifies the genomic variations that have been bred into these nematode tolerant lineages by comparing their respective genomes to the last susceptible parental line Phytogen PSC355 (PSC355) in order to identify nematode resistant loci. We discover several large genomic differences within marker regions that harbor resistance genes and expression mechanisms shared by the resistant lines with respect to the susceptible parental line. This work emphasizes the utility of whole genome comparisons as a means of elucidating large and small differences by lineage.
Acute kidney injury in children hospitalized with unoperated structural congenital heart disease
Authors: Muralidhar Aishwarya Padubidri , Mahajan Akanksha , Mantan Mukta , Agarwal Anurag
Published: October 2023

Background
Most acute kidney injury (AKI ) has been reported in post operative children with congenital heart disease (CHD); limited data is available on unoperated cases who get admitted frequently with recurrent heart failure and pneumonia.
Methods
This observational study enrolled 125 (77M, 48F) hospitalized children (100 retrospective during 2019–2020 and 25 prospective in 2021) with unoperated structural CHD (2 months-5 years) with a minimum stay of 7 days. The primary objective was to determine proportion of children developing AKI by KDIGO and pRIFLE definition, during hospital stay; secondary objectives were to identify the risk factors for AKI. Children with underlying structural kidney diseases were excluded. Baseline serum creatinine values were obtained at admission followed by D3, D7 and weekly thereafter until discharge/death during the course of hospitalization.
Results
The median (IQR) age of enrolment was 6 (4–11) months; 72.8% had acyanotic and 27.2% cyanotic CHD. AKI as defined by KDIGO was seen in 50.4% and by pRIFLE in 56%; 27.2%, 12.8% % and 10.4% had stage I, II and stage III AKI by KDIGO classification. Timing of onset of AKI for most children (58.7%) was at admission (day 1). The mean recovery time from AKI was 11.2 days. Presence of hypovolemia (p = 0.015), cyanotic spells (p = 0.029), sepsis (p = 0.021), longer duration of ACE inhibitors (p = 0.029) and diuretic intake (p = 0.031) were significantly associated with AKI.
Conclusion
Significant proportion of children with unoperated CHD develop AKI during hospitalization which may have consequences on their post operative outcomes and progression to chronic kidney disease.
Microhabitat variation of ant nests mediates the local distribution and abundance of an ant associate
Authors: Parmentier Thomas , Braem Simon
Published: October 2023

Symbionts form intricate associations with their hosts. They can only establish when potential hosts are present, but their distribution is in addition often influenced by microhabitat preferences, which may not overlap to those of their hosts. This leads to a local patchy distribution of the symbiont, where it is present with some hosts while being absent from others. We studied the drivers of local distribution and density ofCyphoderus albinus, an obligate ant-associated springtail, across a mosaic of ant nests. The ant hosts display intra- and interspecific variation in nest structures, including soil, dead wood, arboreal and thatch mound nests. The springtail was always present in the thatch nests of red wood ants (Formica rufagroup) and the arboreal nests ofLasius fuliginosus. A high prevalence was recorded in the smaller thatch mounds ofFormica sanguinea. There was a higher likelihood to find the springtail in dead wood nests ofFormica fusca, Lasius and Myrmicaspecies compared to the soil nests of these host taxa. The springtail densities in thatch nests ofFormica(F. rufagroup andF. sanguinea) were much higher than those in other nest types and reached the highest densities (1148 individuals per L nest material) recorded for a social insect symbiont. Our findings emphasize that host nests with wood structures and thatch material provide a more favourable habitat for this symbiotic springtail compared to soil nests. Overall, this study underscores the importance of microhabitat variation in the local distribution and density of a symbiotic species.
Analytical Analysis of the Slotted Double-Sided Linear Flux Switching Permanent Magnet Motors by Considering Different Layers of Winding
Authors: shirzad ehsan
Published: October 2023

This paper states an analytical model for double-sided linear flux switching permanent magnet motors (DSLFSPMMs) to predict magnetic quantities more accurate and faster in comparison to numerical model in 2-layer of winding (single and double layer). At first, formulation of DSLFSPMMs based on Maxwell equations in different regions is implemented then by boundary conditions, unknown parameters are verified and revealed under each arbitrary number of teethes and slots eventually, the results of analytical model are compared with those which extracted from numerical model.
Proposing New-Specific BMI Cutoff Points for Diagnosing Obesity in Older Hispanic Adults: Insights from a National Representative Sample
Authors: Gonzalez-Arellanes Rogelio , Esparza-Hurtado Natalia , Martagon Alexandro , Hart-Vazquez Delia , Rodriguez-Tadeo Alejandra
Published: October 2023

Background: Current body mass index (BMI) cutoff points (≥30 kg/m2) underestimate obesity prevalence in older adults.
Objective: To propose new BMI cutoff points for identifying obesity in older Hispanic adults.
Subjects/Methods: In this study, new internally derived (ID) BMI cutoff points for obesity in older Hispanic adults were developed by analyzing data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey of 2018-19 from Mexico. To evaluate the performance/validation of these newly proposed cutoff points, data from the "Study of the 1,000," conducted in Northern Mexico, were utilized. Sensitivity, and negative predictive value (NPV) were assessed using receiver operating characteristic analysis, with obesity defined by fat mass index (FMI; >9.0 kg/m2 for men and >13.0 kg/m2 for women) as the reference method.
Results: The newly proposed ID BMI cutoff points were ≥27.2 kg/m2 for men and 28.8 kg/m2 for women and demonstrated high sensitivity (≥98.0%) and NPV (≥99.0%) in both sexes. Furthermore, the prevalence of obesity estimated by the new BMI cutoff points was comparable to that estimated by the FMI.
Conclusion: The newly proposed BMI cutoff points provide a more accurate identification of obesity in older Hispanic adults. These findings have implications for improving obesity diagnosis and management in this population.