bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Depth, Ecology, and the Deep Ecology Movement
Authors: Valera Luca ,   Center for Environmental Philosophy, The University of North Texas
Published: August 2020

The aim of this paper is to focus on the idea of depth developed by Arne Næss, which is related both to his research methodology and some of its anthropological/cosmological implications. Far from being purely a psychological dimension (as argued by Warwick Fox), in Næss’s perspective, the subject of depth is a methodological and ontological issue that underpins and lays the framework for the deep ecology movement. We cannot interpret the question of “depth” without considering the “relational ontology” that he himself has developed in which the “ecological self” is viewed as a “relational union within the total field.” Based on this point of view, I propose that we are able to reinterpret the history of the deep ecology movement and its future, while rereading its politics, from the issue of depth.
Environmental Intergenerational Justice and the Nonidentity Problem
Authors: Loewe Daniel ,   Center for Environmental Philosophy, The University of North Texas
Published: August 2020

A moral Kantian approach can be developed to deal with the nonidentity problem with regard to environmental intergenerationl justice—at least in cases of depletion or risky policy. Being a duty-oriented moral theory, this approach allows both that people coming into existence in a nonidentity situation can be glad to exist while simultaneously taking into account depletion or risky policy, to which their existence is causally related, as possibly being morally wrong because of a violation of moral duties.
Aimé Bonpland: A Land Ethic in the La Plata
Authors: Nye Andrea ,   Center for Environmental Philosophy, The University of North Texas
Published: August 2020

Recent books promote Alexander Humboldt as an environmental hero, dismissing Humboldt’s partner in exploration, the botanist Aimé Bonpland, in a few inaccurate phrases: left Europe, went native somewhere in South America, did some farming. Bonpland’s writings and his forty years of regional development, botanical research, ethno-pharmacology, and environmental conservation in Argentina and Brazil present a better model for an environmental ethics than Humboldt’s climb to fame in Europe.
Herbert of Cherbury, Descartes and Locke on Innate Ideas and Universal Consent
Authors: Mantovani Mattia ,   Zeta Books
Published: August 2020

The present paper investigates the seventeenth-century debate on whether the agreement of all human beings upon certain notions—designated as the “common” ones—prove these notions to be innate. It does so by focusing on Descartes’ and Locke’s rejections of the philosophy of Herbert of Cherbury, one of the most important early modern proponents of this view. The paper opens by considering the strategy used in Herbert’s arguments, as well as the difficulties involved in them. It shows that Descartes’ 1638 and 1639 reading of Herbert’s On Truth—both the 1633 second Latin edition and Mersenne’s 1639 translation—was instrumental in shaping Descartes’ views on the issue. The arguments of Locke’s Essay opposing Herbert’s case for innatism are thus revealed to be ineffective against the case which Descartes makes for this same doctrine, since Descartes had in fact framed his conception of innateness in opposition to the very same theses as Locke was arguing against. The paper concludes by explaining how two thinkers as antithetical as Locke and Descartes came to agree on at least one point, and a truly crucial one: namely, that universal consent counts as a criterion neither for innatism nor for truth.
Common Notions and Instincts as Sources of Moral Knowledge in Leibniz’s New Essays on Human Understanding
Authors: Roinila Markku ,   Zeta Books
Published: August 2020

In his defense of innateness in New Essays on Human Understanding (1704), Leibniz attributes innateness to concepts and principles which do not originate from the senses rather than to the ideas that we are born with. He argues that the innate concepts and principles can be known in two ways: through reason or natural light (necessary truths), and through instincts (other innate truths and principles). In this paper I will show how theoretical and moral reasoning differ from each other in Leibniz, and compare moral reasoning and instincts as sources of knowledge in his practical philosophy. As the practical instincts are closely related to pleasure and passions, which are by nature cognitive, my emphasis will be on the affective character of instinctive moral action and especially deliberation which leads to moral action. I will argue that inclinations arising from moral instinct, which lead us to pleasure while avoiding sorrow, can direct our moral action and sometimes anticipate reasoning when conclusions are not readily available. Acting by will, which is related to moral reasoning, and acting by instincts can lead us to the same moral knowledge independently, but they can also complement each other. To illustrate the two alternative ways to reach moral knowledge, I will discuss the case of happiness, which is the goal of all human moral action for Leibniz.
Christian Wolff on Common Notions and Duties of Esteem
Authors: Blank Andreas ,   Zeta Books
Published: August 2020

While contemporary accounts understand esteem and self-esteem as essentially competitive phenomena, early modern natural law theorists developed a conception of justified esteem and self-esteem based on naturally good character traits. This article explores how such a normative conception of esteem and self-esteem is developed in the work of Christian Wolff (1679–1754). Two features make Wolff’s approach distinctive: (1) He uses the analysis of common notions that are expressed in everyday language to provide a foundation for the aspects of natural law on which his conception of natural duties of esteem depends. (2) He develops a non-competitive conception of esteem and self-esteem into a cooperative conception, according to which enhancing the esteem in which others are held is seen as a tool for promoting self-perfection. Wolff’s ideas offer a solution to the well-known problems connected with competitive life-styles, and at the same time assign a central role in moral motivation to the desire of being esteemed and of having high self-esteem. Moreover, due to his emphasis on presenting a philosophical analysis based on common notions, he offers a solution that is meant to be persuasive from the perspective of everyday morality.
Conscious Matter and Matters of Conscience
Authors: Owen Matthew ,   Evangelical Philosophical Society
Published: August 2020

In recent decades consciousness science has become a prominent field of research. This essay analyzes the most recent book by a leading pioneer in the scientific study of consciousness. In the The Feeling of Life Itself Christof Koch presents the integrated information theory and applies it to multiple pressing topics in consciousness studies. This essay considers the philosophical basis of the theory and Koch’s application of it from neurobiology to animal ethics.
On Mere Theistic Evolution
Authors: McCall Thomas H. ,   Evangelical Philosophical Society
Published: August 2020

What Michael J. Murray and John Ross Churchill offer as “Mere Theistic Evolution” is an intriguing proposal that should be taken seriously by Christians who are convinced of the truth of classical Christian theology while also engaged in respectful and appreciative dialogue with the natural sciences. In this essay, I argue that the main theological arguments against theistic evolution put forth in the influential volume Theistic Evolution: A Scientific, Philosophical, and Theological Critique are not decisive against mere theistic evolution. The proposal raises many interesting and important issues, and it deserves further engagement.
Response to “Mere Theistic Evolution”
Authors: Craig William Lane ,   Evangelical Philosophical Society
Published: August 2020

Murray and Churchill argue correctly that theistic evolution as they define it is theologically compatible with orthodox Christian doctrines concerning divine providence, natural theology, miracles, and immaterial souls. I close with some reflections on mutual misunderstandings of Intelligent Design proponents and theistic evolutionists that arise because each sees the other as a distorted mirror image of himself.
USING OF ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION METHOD FOR OBTAINING THIN FILMS BASED ON LiMn2O4 AND LiFePO4
Authors: Gants Oksana Yu. , Kashkin Vladimir M. , Yudina Angelina D. , Zhirnova Valentina O. , Timonina Anna S. , Nichchev Konstantin N.
Published: August 2020

An approach to the synthesis of LiFePO4 and LiMn2O4 by atomic layer deposition is proposed and successfully implemented. The main regularities of the process are revealed and the method of synthesis realization is proposed. The following reagents were proposed and used: 2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptan-3,5 - dione of manganese, oxygen, iron (II) chloride, trimethyl phosphate, water and lithium tret-butylate. Nitrogen was used as an inert gas for purging the reactor and as a carrier gas. The influence of process parameters on the synthesis of thin films based on LiFePO4 and LiMn2O4 is described. It has been established that the phase composition of the resulting films is influenced by the time of precursor release and the process temperature. It is concluded that the increase in process temperature has a positive effect on the density of thin films of LiFePO4 and LiMn2O4. The optimum deposition temperature of LiFePO4 and LiMn2O4 is 400 ºC. It was shown that it is possible to regulate the content of each element and phase composition in films based on LiFePO4 and LiMn2O4 by changing the time of precursors release. The optimal time for the release of precursors for the synthesis of LiFePO4 and LiMn2O4 is 4 s under the stated conditions. Of great importance is the time of release of oxidizing agents-4 and 6 s for the deposition of LiFePO4 and LiMn2O4, respectively. The correlation of the layer growth rate per cycle was revealed, which was 0.2 nm/cycle for the synthesis of LiFePO4. The film obtained in the process is X-ray amorphous. To obtain the crystal structure, the films were annealed in argon at a temperature of 800 ºC. The mechanism of interaction of precursors with the substrate surface is studied. The influence of substrate activation on the uniformity of film growth is revealed.
COORDINATION PROPERTIES OF NITRO-SUBSTITUTED 5,15-DIPHENYL-3,7,13,17-TETRAMETHYL-2,8,12,18-TETRAETHYLPORPHYRIN WITH MANGANESE ACETATE IN PYRIDINE AND ACETIC ACID
Authors: Kuvshinova Elizaveta M. , Gornukhina Olga V. , Semeikin Alexander S. , Vershinina Irina A. , Syrbu Sergey A.
Published: August 2020

The synthesis of 5,15-diphenyl-3,7,13,17-tetramethyl-2,8,12,18-tetraethylporphyrin and its nitro substituted was carried out. Nitro groups are located in meso-positions of the tetrapyrrole macrocycle and (or) para-positions of the phenyl rings. The synthesized porphyrins are characterized by a set of modern research methods: electron absorption spectroscopy; IR and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 1H. The reactions of the formation of manganese complexes with nitro-substituted 5,15-diphenyl-3,7,13,17-tetramethyl-2,8,12,18-tetraethylporphyrin and their stability in organic solvents are studied. It was found that the rate of reactions of formation of manganese complexes in pyridine with the introduction of nitrogroups in 5,15-diphenyl-3,7,13,17-tetramethyl-2,8,12,18-tetraethylporphine grows as the degree of deformation of the tetrapyrrole macrocycle increases. Obviously, in this case, not only the stretching of NH bonds, due to the presence of electron-withdrawing substituents (NO2) in the para positions of the phenyl rings, makes a decisive contribution to the energy of the transition state, but also the increase in the basicity of tertiary nitrogen atoms, which form strong bonds in the transition state with a solvated cation of salt. In acetic acid, the macrocycle deformation effect leads to a decrease in the reaction rate, which is due to the specific solvation of the porphine reaction center by acetic acid molecules. It was found that steric distortions of the planar structure of porphyrins have relatively little effect on the kinetic parameters of the solvoprotolytic dissociation of manganese complexes of 5,15-diphenyl-3,7,13,17-tetramethyl-2,8,12,18-tetraethylporphyrin and its nitro-substituted ones. This is probably due to the fact that the coordination of the manganese cation results in a more planar structure of the porphyrin macrocycle. The decrease in the dissociation reaction rate with an increase in the number of nitrogroups in 5,15-diphenyl-3,7,13,17-tetramethyl-2,8,12,18-tetraethylporphyrine is due to the influence of the negative inductive effect of nitrogroups, which reduces the effective charge in the macrocycle on nitrogen atoms that are attacked by a solvated proton.
Auctorialité en partage : réappropriation de la pop culture chez Olivier Choinière et le Wooster Group
Authors: Lafrance Maude B.
Published: August 2020

Cet article se penchera sur la manière dont Olivier Choinière (Québec) et le Wooster Group (États-Unis) font usage de la pop culture dans leurs spectacles pour concevoir des assemblages singuliers, leur posture de créateurs glisse vers celle d’agenceurs d’objets culturels hétéroclites. La notion d’auctorialité se brouille, car elle se trouve télescopée entre le geste d’instauration de l’oeuvre scénique, et celui qui renvoie à la multiplication de citations des références pop — elles-mêmes mettant à mal l’attribution à un auteur unique. Leur posture s’apparente alors à celle du prosumer, conjuguant les gestes de production et de réception des objets esthétiques. Les valeurs d’originalité et d’authenticité de leurs voix de créateurs se décèlent alors dans les mouvements de sélection et de recadrage.
De l’artiste à l’auteur : processus de légitimation du cirque comme art de création en France
Authors: Guyez Marion
Published: August 2020

Cet article propose d’étudier la notion d’auteur dans le contexte circassien français des années 2010 où elle reste controversée et floue malgré un usage de plus en plus courant. Il s’agira notamment de comprendre comment, dans un mouvement d’attraction et de répulsion envers les modèles littéraires et dramatiques, l’identification et la reconnaissance de l’auctorialité des formes scéniques de cet art du corps contribuent à renforcer la légitimité du cirque comme art de création et non pas seulement comme art du divertissement. Après avoir étudié les dimensions visuelle, sensible et physique des écritures scéniques circassiennes proches des esthétiques des scènes postdramatiques, nous détaillerons les formes que prennent les écrits (dossiers, notes, croquis, traces, etc.) produits par les circassien·ne·s.
Portraits littéraires et généricité
Authors: Maingueneau Dominique
Published: August 2020

Cet article étudie les collections à visée commerciale, en particulier « Écrivains de toujours » et « Poètes d’aujourd’hui », du point de vue de la généricité. En s’appuyant sur une typologie des genres de discours, il s’attache à montrer pourquoi les textes qu’on y publie ne peuvent qu’être très divers ; leur seule contrainte est de se tenir à distance de deux frontières : celles qui les séparent, d’une part, des ouvrages scolaires et, d’autre part, de la littérature. Corrélativement, leurs auteurs ne sont pas, en règle générale, des écrivains de premier plan et ne doivent pas se présenter comme des enseignants, mais plutôt comme des « connaisseurs » de la littérature. La comparaison avec le genre des « souvenirs littéraires », qui est alors en voie d’extinction, est à cet égard éclairante. Cette double instabilité, celle du genre et celle du statut des auteurs, se manifeste à travers l’écriture de ces livres, qui montrent un ethos de « lettré » ; en témoigne l’étude d’un passage du Pascal (« Écrivains de toujours ») d’Albert Béguin, auteur très représentatif de l’esprit de la collection concernée.
Image d’auteur entre unicité et sérialité : la collection « Écrivains de toujours » dans les années 1950
Authors: Amossy Ruth
Published: August 2020

Cet article analyse « l’image d’auteur » dans une perspective générique et sérielle telle qu’elle se construit dans la collection « Écrivains de toujours » lors de la première décennie de son existence (les années 1950). On y dégage le profil global de l’auteur des livres « X par lui-même » en montrant comment ce dernier donne son assise à la collection. Il s’agit ainsi à la fois d’explorer la régulation d’un genre de discours et de contribuer à l’étude de l’image d’auteur dans son rapport à l’ethos discursif.
« Poètes d’aujourd’hui » (1944-2007) : collection d’anthologies, collection-anthologie
Authors: Labbé Mathilde
Published: August 2020

Chaque volume de la collection « Poètes d’aujourd’hui », créée en 1944 par Pierre Seghers, comprend, de manière systématique, un essai critique et biographique, un choix de textes ou une anthologie, une biographie ou chronologie, une bibliographie des oeuvres de l’auteur et des études dont elles font l’objet et, enfin, un ensemble d’illustrations. Parmi les genres critiques en présence, l’anthologie (ou choix de textes) apparaît comme un élément d’autant plus difficile à saisir qu’elle met en abyme le fonctionnement de la collection de monographies au sein de laquelle elle est composée. Se pencher sur la nature et les fonctions de ce genre critique dans la collection « Poètes d’aujourd’hui » des éditions Seghers, c’est en effet en même temps s’interroger sur les objectifs de la collection elle-même. Cependant, alors que le genre biographique est régulièrement mis en question et rejeté dans l’essai critique, le genre anthologique n’est que très rarement discuté par les auteurs des volumes. Pourquoi ce silence ? Quel est le rôle qui est explicitement donné à l’anthologie, quel est celui qu’elle joue implicitement ? S’il est évident que l’anthologie est au coeur du projet éditorial de la collection, on peut s’étonner du positionnement a-critique de l’éditeur et des auteurs dans cette section des ouvrages ; on ne peut en comprendre le fonctionnement qu’en interrogeant la dimension anthologique de la collection elle-même.
Studi Tinjauan Pustaka: Risiko Kejadian Kanker Paru pada Penderita Tuberkulosis Paru.
Authors: Ramadhaniah Fariha , Syarif Syahrizal
Published: August 2020

Indonesia merupakan satu dari lima negara di dunia dengan insiden kasus TB yang tinggi, sementara itu kanker paru di Indonesia merupakan kasus keganasan utama yang paling sering terjadi. Untuk melihat gambaran risiko kejadian kanker paru diantara penderita TB paru, dilakukan studi tinjauan pustaka pada sepuluh jurnal yang dipublikasikan melalui Pubmed pada tahun 2009-2019. Kriteria inklusi dalam pemilihan jurnal yaitu TB paru sebagai faktor risiko dan kanker paru primer sebagai outcome, sedangkan kriteria ekslusi adalah jurnal yang merupakan tinjauan pustaka sistematis, skrining, diagnosis, dan evaluasi hasil pengobatan yang berkaitan dengan infeksi TB dan kanker paru. Analisis deskriptif menunjukan subjek sebagian besar merupakan laki-laki dan berusia antara 40-60 tahun. Pada kelompok TB paru didominasi perokok, peminum alkohol, memiliki penyakit paru lainnya dan komorbiditas. Penderita TB paru secara konsisten mempunyai risiko yang lebih besar untuk terjadinya kanker paru dibandingkan penderita non TB paru. Dari delapan penelitian kohor, menunjukkan hubungan secara statistik bermakna dengan nilai RR 1,37 – 6,1. Dari dua penelitian kasus kontrol, hanya satu yang menunjukkan hubungan secara statitstik bermakna dengan kisaran nilai OR 1,52 - 3,21 spesifik pada jenis kanker paru tertentu. Terdapat tiga studi menampilkan resiko yang lebih besar pada interval lima tahun pertama sejak terdiagnosanya TB paru hingga berkembang menjadi kanker paru. Studi tinjauan pustaka ini menyimpulkan bahwa penyakit infeksi TB paru berpotensi untuk dapat menimbulkan kanker paru, hal ini dapat menjadi bahan pertimbangan dalam upaya intervensi preventif kanker paru.
Stres Kerja Perawat Meningkatkan Gejala Sindrom Pramenstruasi di Rumah Sakit X Bekasi
Authors: Yulianingsih Ratih , Agus Yenita , Maftuhah Maftuhah
Published: August 2020

Profesi perawat berisiko terhadap stres kerja yang dapat mencetuskan sindrom pramenstruasi. Sindrom pramenstruasi yang terjadi ketika perawat bekerja akan berdampak pada penurunan produktivitas dan risiko terjadinya kecelakaan kerja, maka kondisi tersebut akan membahayakan pasien. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat stres kerja perawat, sindrom pramenstruasi, dan hubungan stres kerja perawat dengan sindrom pramenstruasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi potong lintang. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 160 perawat dalam usia subur di Rumah Sakit (RS) X Bekasi dan sebanyak 12 perawat termasuk ke dalam kriteria ekslusi penelitian yakni mengonsumsi kontrasespi oral atau menderita sindrom polikistik ovarium. Stres kerja perawat dibagi dalam 8 subskala yaitu beban kerja, konflik, kurangnya dukungan, ketidakpastian mengenai pengobatan pasien, berurusan dengan kematian dan sekarat, keputusan organisasi, persiapan yang tidak memadai, dan pelecehan seksual. Analisa univariat meliputi skor numerik dan persentase masing-masing skor subskala stres kerja perawat dan sindrom pramenstruasi. Hubungan antara skor stres kerja perawat dan 8 subskala stres kerja dengan sindrom pramenstruasi menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil penelitian didapatkan nilai   stres kerja perawat sebesar 42,55 dan sebanyak 133 (89,9%) perawat mengalami stres kerja ringan. Nilai rata-rata sindrom pramenstruasi sebesar 38,6 dan sebanyak 113 perawat (76,4%) megalami gejala ringan. Subskala beban kerja, konflik, kurangnya dukungan, keputusan organisasi dan pelecehan seksual menunjukkan hubungan bermakna dan positif dengan sindrom pramenstruasi. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara stres kerja perawat dan sindrom pramenstruasi (p=0,002 ; r=0,250). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semakin meningkatnya skor stres kerja maka semakin tinggi skor sindrom pramenstruasi. Perawat diharapkan mampu untuk mengendalikan stres di tempat kerja sehingga dapat mencegah terjadinya sindrom pramenstruasi yang berefek pada keselamatan pasien.
Karakteristik Ibu melahirkan Sectio Caesaria Peserta Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional di Rumah Sakit Profit X di sekitar Jakarta
Authors: Widjayanti Trisna Budy
Published: August 2020

Program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) memudahkan akses ibu melahirkan Sectio Caesaria (SC) di RS. Dalam tahun 2014-2017 persalinan SC menempati urutan 10 jumlah kasus dan klaim tertinggi.  WHO menetapkan angka optimum SC sebesar 15% sebagai salah satu standar kualitas pelayanan persalinan ibu. Tujuan penelitian ini untukmengidentifikasi karakteristik sosial ekonomi dan klinis dari ibu yang melahirkan SC yang berhubungan dengan penggunaan JKN  di Rumah Sakit Profit (RSP) X di sekitar Jakarta. Penelitian menggunakan desain Cross Sectional dengan total sampel sebanyak 385 ibu melahirkan SC yang diambil dari rekam medis pada periode januari 1- 31 Desember 2018. Karakteristik sosial ekonomi dan klinis Ibu melahirkan SC sebagai variabel independen dan penggunaan JKNsebagai variabel dependen Dilakukan analisisdeskriptif untuk menggambarkan distribusi frekwensi dari variabel-variabel yang diteliti dan analisis regressi logistik digunakan untuk menguji hubunagn antara variabel independen dan dependen..Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa ibu melahirkan SC di RSP sebesar 71.29% dari total persalinan dan79%nyaadalah peserta JKN.Hasil uji statistik menunjukan bahwa terdapat hubunganyang signifikan antara kasus rujukan (p=0.002; OR=2.320); usia ibu (p=0.010; OR=2,574), dan penyakit penyerta (p=0.001; OR=2.761) denganpenggunaan JKN pada ibu-ibu yang melahirkan dengan SC
Job Demands–Resources Model Affects the Performance of Associate Nurses in Hospital
Authors: Batubara Khairunnisa , Syam Bustami , Wahyuni Sri Eka
Published: August 2020

Low nurses’ performance is related with increased job demands and unprofessional job resources. This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the effects of the job demands–resources model on the performance of associate nurses. The study population was composed of 126 nurses randomly selected. Data were analyzed using the multiple linear regression test. The results showed that job demands and job resources significantly affected the performance of associate nurses. A moderate or heavy level of job demands supported with good job resources will have a positive effect on nurse motivation; thus, nurse’s performance remains good. Job demands must be balanced with job resources, which is important in formulating an organizational policy model that contributes to improving nurse performance.Abstrak Model Tuntutan-Sumber Daya Pekerjaan Memengaruhi Kinerja Perawat Pelaksana di Rumah Sakit. Kurangnya kinerja perawat berkaitan dengan tuntutan pekerjaan yang meningkat dan sumber daya pekerjaan yang tidak profesional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh job demands-resources model terhadap kinerja perawat pelaksana dengan menggunakan cross-sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 126 perawat ruangan rawat inap dan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan persamaan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa job demands-resources model berpengaruh terhadap kinerja perawat pelaksana. Tuntutan pekerjaan pada kategori sedang maupun berat namun diimbangi dengan sumber daya pekerjaan yang baik, maka perawat memiliki motivasi yang bersifat positif sehingga kinerja perawat tetap baik. Direkomendasikan pada pihak manajemen agar tuntutan pekerjaan yang diberikan harus diseimbangkan dengan sumber daya pekerjaan sehingga pada akhirnya dapat dirumuskan model kebijakan organisasi yang berkonstribusi dalam meningkatkan kinerja perawat. Kata Kunci: job demands-resources model, kinerja perawat
Effective Ultrasound and Neural Mobilization Combinations in Reducing Hand Disabilities in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Patients
Authors: Andayani Ni Luh Nopi , Wibawa Ari , Nugraha Made Hendra Satria
Published: August 2020

Excessive activity in the hands and wrists over a prolonged period of time can cause repetitive strain injury, which leads to the occurrence of carpal tunnel syndrome. The purpose of this study is to determine the differences in the effectiveness of ultrasound and neural mobilization interventions with ultrasound and passive stretching in reducing hand disabilities in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. It is an experimental study, using the pre- and post-test control group design. The sampling technique employed was simple random sampling, with a study sample comprising 30 people. The difference test with an independent t-test showed a significant difference between the control group and the treatment group (p= 0.000), with a decrease hand disability percentage of 7% in the control group and 15% in the treatment group. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the combination of ultrasound and neural mobilization is more effective in reducing hand disability than a combination of ultrasound and passive stretching in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. Abstrak Aktivitas yang berulang pada pergelangan tangan apabila berlangsung lama dapat menimbulkan repetitive strain injury yang berujung terhadap terjadinya carpal tunnel syndrome. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan efektivitas intervensi ultrasound dan neural mobilization dengan ultrasound dan passive stretching dalam menurunkan disabilitas tangan pada pasien carpal tunnel syndrome. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan menggunakan rancangan penelitian pre-test and post-test control group design. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini dengan cara simple random sampling. Sampel penelitian pada penelitian ini berjumlah 30 orang. Uji beda selisih dengan independent t-test menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang bermakna antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan (p= 0,000) dengan persentase penurunan disabilitas tangan sebesar 7% pada kelompok kontrol dan 15% pada kelompok perlakuan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kombinasi ultrasound dan neural mobilization lebih efektif dalam menurunkan disabilitas tangan daripada kombinasi ultrasound dan passive stretching pada pasien carpal tunnel syndrome. Kata kunci: carpal tunnel syndrome, disabilitas tangan, neural mobilization, passive stretching, ultrasound
Descriptive profile of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases using WHO STEP wise approach in Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Kokane Arun M. , Joshi Rajnish , Kotnis Ashwin , Chatterjee Anirban , Yadav Kriti , Revadi G , Joshi Ankur , Pakhare Abhijit P.
Published: August 2020

Background

Periodic information on risk factor distribution is critical for public health response for reduction in non-communicable disease (NCDs). For this purpose, the WHO has developed STEPs wise approach. State representative population-based STEPS survey was last conducted in 2007–08 in seven states of In India. Since then no such work has been reported from low ETL states. This survey was carried out to assess the prevalence of risk factors associated with NCDs and the prevalence of NCDs in the low ETL state of Madhya Pradesh using the WHO STEPs approach.

Methods

A total of 5680 persons aged 18–69 years were selected from the state of Madhya Pradesh using multi-stage cluster random sampling. Using the WHO STEPs approach, details were collected on demographics, STEP 1 variables (tobacco consumption, alcohol consumption, physical activity, diet), STEP 2 variables (weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure) and STEP 3 variables (fasting blood glucose, blood cholesterol).

Results

We found that 9.4% individuals smoked tobacco, 15.3% were overweight/obese, 22.3% had hypertension, and 6.8% have diabetes mellitus. As compared to women, men were less likely to be overweight or obese, but more likely to smoke tobacco, and have diabetes mellitus. Hypertension was also more common in men. Overall, about a fourth of all adults had three or more risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

Conclusion

The survey shows that a large section of the population from Madhya Pradesh is either suffering from NCDs or have risk factors which predispose them to acquire NCDs. This state representative survey provides benchmarking information for behavioural and biological risk factor distribution for recently scaled up National Programme for the Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Stroke (NPCDCS).
N‐terminal amino acid sequence of intact human fibrinogen
Authors: Irion Eckart , Blombäck Birger
Published: July 2002

N‐Terminal amino acid sequence analysis by Edman's phenylisothiocyanate method on intact human fibrinogen revealed the first seven amino acids of the γ‐chain: H‐Tyr‐Val‐Ala‐Thr‐Arg‐Asp‐Asn‐.
Translation in vitro and regulation of mouse liver S‐adenosylmethionine synthetase messenger RNA
Authors: Sato Fumiyasu , Kitahara Namiko , Ohmura Nobuhisa , Tsukada Kinji
Published: July 2002

Total RNA was isolated from adult mouse liver tissues. The α‐ and β‐form isozymes of S‐adenosyl‐methionine synthetase existing in liver were synthesized in a reticulocyte lysate cell‐free system under the direction of total RNA and were immunoprecipitated with antibody to the β‐form. The newly synthesized and the in vivo labeled S‐adenosylmethionine synthetase subunits were compared by SDS—polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Both the α‐ and β‐forms consist of the same size M
r 48 000 subunit. The level of the β‐form mRNA activity in mouse liver was shown to increase following intraperitoneal transplantation of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells and the changes in the mRNA activity parallel those in the cellular level of S‐adenosylmethionine synthetase β.
Norepinephrine‐induced loss of phosphatidylinositol from isolated rat liver plasma membrane
Authors: Wallace Michael A. , Poggioli Josiane , Giraud Françoise , Claret Michel
Published: July 2002

Norepinephrine at 5 μM induces a rapid (60 s) and specific loss of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) when added to isolated rat liver plasma membranes. The hormone action is inhibited by the α‐adrenergic antagonist phentolamine (20 μM). Depletion of Mg2+ and Ca2+ singly or in combination from the incubation buffer mimicks the hormone effect on PtdIns breakdown. No further effect on PtdIns degradation could be measured when norepinephrine was added to the cation‐depleted buffers. Addition of the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 to the isolated membranes has no effect. It is concluded that PtdIns degradation can be provoked in isolated rat liver plasma membrane through α‐adrenergic receptor activation and that this effect is dependent on divalent cations in the sense that loss of cations from the membrane allows degradation to commence.
Superoxide‐dependent formation of hydroxyl radical catalyzed by transferrin
Authors: Motohashi Noriko , Mori Itsuhiko
Published: July 2002

Hydroxyl radicals are generated in the hypoxanthine‐xanthine oxidase system in the presence of iron‐saturated transferrin isolated from human serum. This has been demonstrated by colorimetrically measuring the hydroxylation of salicyclic acid and by EPR using the spin trap DMPO (5,5‐dimethyl‐1‐pyrroline‐N‐oxide). A Fenton‐type Harber‐Weiss reaction catalyzed y transferrin is proposed.
Incorporation of chromaffin granule membranes into large‐size vesicles suitable for patch‐clamp recording
Authors: Picaud Serge , Marty Alain , Trautmann Alain , Grynszpan-Winograd Odile , Henry Jean-Pierre
Published: July 2002

Incubation of chromaffin granules with excess liposomes at pH 6.0 resulted in the formation of cell‐size structures, which were purified by centrifugation on sucrose gradients. Experiments with fluorescein‐labeled granules indicated incorporation of granule membrane to these structures. The preparation contained various vesicular structures with a diameter up to 15 μm. The largest elements were studied by the ‘patch‐clamp’ technique. ‘Cell‐attached’ and ‘whole‐cell’ recordings indicated the presence of currents corresponding to unitary conductances ranging from 100 to 500 pS.
Coupling between proteolytic processing and translocation of the precursor of the F1AT Pase β‐subunit during its import into mitochondria of intact cells
Authors: Kolarov Jordan , Hatalová Irena
Published: July 2002

The intracellular transport of newly synthesized β‐subunits of the F1‐ATPase (βF1) and of newly synthesized ADP/ATP carrier was followed in isolated rat hepatoma cells. As tested by rapid fractionation of [35S]methionine pulse‐ and pulse‐chase‐labeled cells and by sensitivity of labeled polypeptides to externally added protease, the import of βF1 into mitochondria was strongly inhibited by the additional low concentrations of rhodamine 6G (R6G). In contrast, the import of the ADP/ATP carrier into mitochondria was not affected by the inhibitor. The results imply that the proteolytic processing of the precursor of βF1, is coupled to its translocation across the mitochondrial membrane.
Inhibition of the activity of restriction endonucleases by spermidine and spermine
Authors: Kuosmanen Malla , Pösö Hannu
Published: July 2002

Physiological concentrations (0.5–2.0 mM) of spermidine and spermine were observed to inhibit the digestion in vitro of plasmid pJDB 207 by the restriction endonucleases BamHI (EC 3.1.23.6), EcoRI (EC 3.2.23.13), HindIII (EC 3.1.23.20), HpaI (EC 3.1.23.23) and PstI (EC 3.1.23.31). The polyamines protected all the tested restriction sequences of DNA, since the activity of all endonucleases used was strongly inhibited. These results show the need for caution when using polyamines as experimental tools for recombinant DNA chemistry.
Purification and characterisation of chicken brain hypoxanthine‐guaninephosphoribosyltransferase
Authors: Veres Gabor , Monostori Eva , Rasko Istvan
Published: July 2002

Hypoxanthine‐guanine phosphoribosyltransferase enzyme (EC 2.4.2.8) from chicken brain has been purified 10000‐fold to homogeneity. The molecular mass of the native enzyme is 85 kDa, with four subunits, each of 26 kDa, and exerts its maximum activity at pH 10.0. The Km
values for hypoxanthine and guanine are 5.2 and 1.8 μM, respectively. The half‐life of the enzyme is 30 min at 85°C. Monoclonal antibodies were raised against the native purified enzyme and were used for purification of enzyme to homogeneity. The monoclonal antibody did not bind to the active centre of the enzyme.
Low rate of NADPH/ADP‐iron dependent lipid peroxidation in hepatic microsomes of DBA/2 mice
Authors: Cheeseman Kevin H. , Proudfoot Karen A. , Maddix Susan P. , Collins Margaret M. , Milia Anna , Slater Trevor F.
Published: July 2002

Hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation has been studied in 4 inbred strains of mice: C57BL/6, BALB/c, AKR and DBA/2. The rates of lipid peroxidation stimulated in vitro by carbon tetrachloride, ascorbate‐iron and cumene hydroperoxide were similar in all 4 strains. Lipid peroxidation induced by NADPH/ADP‐iron, however, proceeded at a substantially lower rate in the hepatic microsomes of DBA/2 mice. It is suggested that this low rate of enzymic iron‐induced lipid peroxidation is a factor that may be involved in the resistance of this strain of mice to experimental hepatic porphyria induced by polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons.
An ammonium sulphate fraction from rabbit reticulocytes increases the release of proteins from rat liver mitochondria
Authors: Miralles Vicente J. , Grisolía Santiago
Published: July 2002

Incubation of [35S]methionine labeled mitochondria from rat liver with rabbit reticulocyte lysate under the same conditions as those used in the import of mitochondrial protein precursors results in the release of mitochondrial proteins to the medium. Fractionation of the lysates with ammonium sulphate yields a fraction, essentially free of haemoglobin, which exhibits higher activity for the release of mitochondrial proteins than the starting lysate. The fraction has a molecular mass of > 10 kDa and is heat‐sensitive. The release is insensitive to inhibitors of reticulocyte lipoxygenase.
Transformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae spheroplasts by high electric pulse
Authors: Karube Isao , Tamiya Eiichi , Matsuoka Hideaki
Published: July 2002

Transformation
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Spheroplast
Plasmid
Electric pulse
Mechanism of translational initiation in prokaryotes
Authors: Pon Cynthia L. , Gualerzi Claudio O.
Published: July 2002

Protein synthesis
Initiation factor
Initiation factor 3 recycling
Ribosome N‐Ethylmaleimide
Phospholipase A2activity in T‐lymphocytes
Authors: Goppelt-Struebe M. , Kyas U. , Resch K.
Published: July 2002

Phospholipase A2activity was shown indirectly in T‐lymphocytes from rat thymus and a permanent T‐cell line by the liberation of arachidonic acid from phospholipids. In addition, phospholipase A2activity was measured directly with two different substrates, phosphatidylcholine and labelledE. coli.
Glutathione peroxidase and oxidative hemolysis in trout red blood cells
Authors: Falcioni Giancarlo , Cincolà Giulio , Brunori Maurizio
Published: July 2002

Red blood cells from the trout Salmo irideus contain several hemoglobin components that are prone to oxidation with production of oxygen radicals. The rate of hemolysis has been correlated to the extent of methemoglobin formation. A difference in the rate of hemolysis between red blood cells saturated with either CO or O2 was evident only when diminished glutathione peroxidase activity was observed. These results confirm the important role of this enzyme in providing protection against or repair of oxidative damage to the red cell membrane.
A 500 MHz study of peptide T in a DMSO solution
Authors: Picone D. , Temussi P.A. , Marastoni M. , Tomatis R. , Motta A.
Published: July 2002

Peptide T, an octapeptide of sequence ASTTTNYT that binds to human T cells, was studied as a zwitterion in DMSOd6 solution by means of proton NMR spectroscopy at 500 MHz. The unusual dispersion of the resonances of residues of the same type (T) makes it possible to assign all resonances to specific residues by means of several 2D techniques. The non‐random nature of the conformation is substantiated by the observation of sequential nuclear Overhauser enhancements (NOEs). The low value of the temperature coefficient of the chemical shift of the NH of T8 and a diagnostic NOE between the NHs of T7 and T8 hint that a β‐turn including T5, N6, Y7 and T8 is a prominent conformational feature in solution. The ring current high field shifts of the methyl group and of the NH of T8 are consistent with an interaction with the side‐chain of Y7, favoured by the β‐turn.
A single‐crystal EPR study of the reduced iron‐quinone acceptor complex in reaction centers of Rhodopseudomonas viridis
Authors: Evelo R.G. , Nan H.M. , Hoff A.J.
Published: July 2002

The EPR signal of the reduced iron‐quinone complex in a single crystal of Rhodopseudomonas viridis has been investigated as a function of orientation. The results are consistent with P43212 symmetry. Using the corresponding symmetry relations the directions of the principal axes of the effective g tensor of the iron‐quinone complex were evaluated.
ESR studies on iron‐sulfur clusters of complex II in Ascaris suum mitochondria which exhibits strong fumarate reductase activity
Authors: Hata-Tanaka Akiko , Kita Kiyoshi , Furushima Rieko , Oya Hiroshi , Itoh Shigeru
Published: July 2002

Complex II of Ascaris suum mitochondria, which functions as fumarate reductase in physiological conditions, contains three types of iron‐sulfur clusters. These correspond to clusters S‐1, S‐2 and S‐3 and are distinguishable by low‐temperature ESR studies. Cluster S‐1 is reduced by succinate, giving ESR signals with g
z, g
y and g
x values at 2.033, 1.939 and 1.920. The existence of cluster S‐2 is suggested by an enhancement of the S‐1 spin relaxation induced upon reduction of S‐2 by dithionite. Cluster S‐3 is ESR detectable under air‐oxidized conditions and gives a strong signal at g= 2.025. Cluster S‐3 was only partially reduced even with an excess amount of sodium succinate, which is a common characteristic of fumarate reductase but this is not seen in the mitochondrial complex II.
Binding of tissue‐specific factors to the enhancer sequence of hepatitis B virus
Authors: Chou Hsiao-Wen , Harrell David , Forough Reza , Watabe Kounosuke
Published: July 2002

We have identified tissue‐specific factors, in human hepatoma cells, that bind specifically to the transcriptional enhancer sequence of the human hepatitis B virus (HBV). Two different types of protein factor were found in nuclear extracts of hepatoma cells by the gel mobility shift assay. One factor was observed in human hepatoma cells but not in human kidney, lung, or vein cells, or in embryonic mouse cells. The other was discovered in both human hepatoma cells and human vein cells. DNase I footprint analysis, using the enhancer fragment (164 bp, AccI‐SphI) from HBV, revealed that two specific sites are recognized by the nuclear factors. These sites contain consensus octamer sequences which have been found in many other enhancer elements. These results strongly suggest that the two nuclear factors found in hepatoma cells play key roles in the function of the HBV enhancer.
Characterisation and partial purification of a novel prohormone processing enzyme from ovine adrenal medulla
Authors: Tezapsidis N. , Parish D.C.
Published: July 2002

An enzymatic activity has been identified which is capable of generating a product chromatographically identical with adrenorphin from the model substrate BAM 12P. This enzyme was purified by gel filtration and ion‐exchange chromatography and characterised as having a molecular mass between 30 and 45 kDa and an acidic pI. The enzyme is active at the acid pH expected in the secretory vesicle interior and is inhibited by EDTA, suggesting that it is a metalloprotease. This activity could not be mimicked by incubation with lysosomal fractions and it meets the criteria to be considered as a possible prohormone processing enzyme.
Interaction of BlaI, the repressor for the β‐lactamase gene of Bacillus licheniformis, with the blaP and blaI promoters
Authors: Grossman Matthew J. , Curran Ivan H.A. , Lampen J.Oliver
Published: July 2002

BlaI repressor for the β‐lactamase gene (blaP) of Bacillus licheniformis 749, was shown to repress expression of blaP and of the repressor gene (blaI), using the purified protein in a DNA‐directed in vitro translation assay. Binding of BlaI to the promoter regions of blaP and blaI was examined by equilibrium and competitive binding assays. BlaI binds to the blaP promoter with an equal or only slightly higher affinity than to the blaI promoter. DNase I footprinting shows that BlaI binds directly to the blaP and blaI promoters, such that RNA polymerase binding and/or transcript elongation would be blocked.
Evidence for a type II topoisomerase in wheat chloroplasts
Authors: Pyke K.A. , Marrison J. , Leech R.M.
Published: July 2002

Western blotting of total cell extracts from the young developing wheat leaf with an antibody to yeast topoisomerase II locates two proteins of molecular mass 96–101 kDa which also appear on blots of chloroplast proteins. The maximal levels of both proteins are present in chloroplasts in which chloroplast DNA replication is occurring prior to chloroplast division.
Characterization of the Ca2+‐switch in skeletal and cardiac muscles
Authors: Babu A. , Lehman W. , Gulati J.
Published: July 2002

To determine the significance of the global structure of the regulatory proteins in the mechanism of the Ca2+‐switch in cardiac and skeletal muscle contractions, the properties of a family of Ca2+‐binding proteins with 4 or 3 EF‐hand motifs have been studied with desensitized skinned fiber preparations. Proteins with 4 EF hands (such as troponins C ‐ TnCs) are dumb‐bell shaped, those with 3 EF hands (parvalbumin) being ellipsoidal. The number of active sites varied between four and two. We find that the ability to anchor in the fiber is limited to proteins with 4 EF hands and, at least, two active Ca2+‐binding sites, one each in the N‐ and C‐termini. The results suggest that the dumb‐bell shaped global structure is critical for the switching action in muscular contraction, and a trigger site in the N‐terminus and a structural site in the C‐terminus need to be active in order to regulate contractility.
Synthesis and secretion of bacterial α‐amylase by the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Kovaleva I.E. , Novikova L.A. , Luzikov Y.N.
Published: July 2002

α‐Amylase fromBacillus amyloliquefaciens, synthesized in yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaewithout substitution of the signal sequence, is efficiently secreted from yeast cells: 60–70% of the overall amount of the enzyme is found in the culture fluid. In contrast to many yeast secretory proteins, which accumulate in the periplasmic space and in the cell wall, intracellular α‐amylase is localized mainly in the cytoplasm. Obviously, transfer across the cell wall is not a rate‐limiting step in α‐amylase export from the cell. The glycosylated forms of proteins are predominantly found both inside the cell and in the culture medium.
Kinetic analysis of nuclear factor I and its DNA‐binding domain with the adenovirus origin of replication
Authors: Cleat P.H. , Hay R.T.
Published: July 2002

Nuclear factor I (NFI) is the collective name for a heterogeneous group of proteins, purified from HeLa cells, which stimulate the initiation of adenovirus type 2 DNA replication on binding to the adenovirus origin of replication. Protease treatment of NFI reduced all DNA‐protein complexes to a single NFI‐DNA complex, suggesting that they share a common DNA‐binding domain. We present here a comparison of rate constants for the interaction of the full‐length NFI protein and the core DNA‐binding domain with their recognition site in the replication origin. The results demonstrate that the core protein alone can bind efficiently to the recognition site and that amino acid sequences outside this domain appear to have minor influence over the binding kinetics of NFI.