bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calculation of winter average ten-day minimum flows of rivers of the Lake Sevan Basin and analysis of its time variability
Authors: Маргарян Вардуи Гургеновна
Published: June 2020

Studying decadal minimum costs, especially in the context of expected climate change, is relevant and urgent. Both on the rivers of the study area and the whole republic, minimum water discharge is observed during periods of summer- autumn and winter low water. In both cases, the power of the rivers is mostly underground. However, summer-autumn rains can often disrupt the river’s feeding patterns and cause flooding. The paper calculated the winter average ten-day minimum costs for posts that have a long series of observations on rivers flowing into Lake Sevan. In a number of longterm observations, the dynamics of changes in the winter average ten-day minimum costs of rivers flowing into the basin and the patterns of their spatial distribution have been estimated. As a source material daily data from actual observations at 12 hydrological posts in the study area of the Service of the Hydrometeorology and Active Influence on Atmospheric Phenomena, Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Armenia, are used. All observed hydrological posts have a number of observations 40 years or more. The methods used in the work are: mathematical-statistical, extrapolation, interpolation, analysis, analogue and correlation. It turned out that most rivers in the Lake Sevan Basin have a tendency to increase in winter average ten-day minimum costs.
The correlation of the environmental dynamics of the southeastern periphery of the Poo zer ye (Valdai) glaciation in the Late Glacial and Holocene
Authors: Зерницкая Валентина Петровна , Власов Борис Павлович , Матвеев Алексей Васильевич , Новик Алексей Александрович , Субетто Дмитрий Александрович , Кублицкий Юрий Анатольевич , Орлов Александр Владимирович
Published: June 2020

The landscape-climatic reconstruction in the southeastern sector of the last Scandinavian (Poozerye (Valdai)) glaciation was carried out within transect in the direction from Lake Naroch (Belarus) to the Lake Ilmen (Russia) based on palynological, isotopic and radiocarbon data. The first stage of deglaciation of the territory located between the maximum Orsha (Ostashkov) stage and the Vepsian-Krestetskiy marginal formations lasted from 20.0 to 15.5 cal. ka BP. The onset of lake sedimentogenesis in this region dates from the final stages of the Pleniglacial (16.5–15.5 cal. ka BP). The vegetation cover about 14.7 cal. ka BP represented by grass-shrub tundra. At the beginning of the Belling-Allered interstadial, there was an active expansion of tree species (birch, pine) to the north, following the retreating glacier. At the end of the Allered (13.3 cal. ka BP), open pine forests with birch dominated in the north of Belarus, and birch and pine-birch in the neighboring regions of Russia. The beginning of the expansion of spruce, both in Belarus and in the northwestern regions of Russia, dates from 13.2 cal. ka BP, which is comparable with the oscillation of Herzensee (GI-1b). Late Dryas cooling characterized by the spread of herb-forest-tundra landscapes, in which, apart from pine and birch, spruce played a significant role. The boundary Late Glacial ‒ Holocene (about 11.5 cal. ka BP) is marked by a decrease in the content of spruce pollen, shrubs of tundra and grass. According to isotopic and palynological data during the Holocene, revealed episodes of cooling. Changes in vegetation occurred in the following sequence: birch and pine-birch forests (11.5‒10.0 cal. ka BP), mixed birch-pine with the participation of broadleaved species (10.0 ‒8.0 cal. ka BP), coniferous-broadleaved (8.0 ‒5.8 cal. ka BP), broadleaved ‒ dark coniferous (5.8‒2.7 cal. ka BP), dark coniferous and oak ‒ dark coniferous with birch forests (2.7 cal. ka BP ‒ modern stage).
Classification of mineral components of granitoid rocks by using methods of digital petrography and machine learning
Authors: Василёнок Елена Анатольевна
Published: June 2020

Machine learning methods have begun to be used in petrography relatively recently. However, thanks to the rapid programming development, more powerful algorithms and tools appear, the use of which to solve petrographic tasks hasn’t yet been considered. That’s why the purpose of this work was to use modern machine learning methods to identify mineral components from macro images of rock samples, as well as to use digital image processing methods. This article presents the method of determination of quantitative characteristics and the method of classification of minerals on macro images of rocks. An open source program for analyzing and processing images ImageJ, and its plugin Trainable Weka Segmentation were used as a toolkit. Macro images are obtained by scanning polished granite samples. Seven macro images of various representatives of the granites were selected for the experiment. Training with a teacher was conducted, where the decision tree method was used for classification. Based on this data set, classes were created for each of the rock-forming minerals: quartz (Q), potassium feldspar (Fps), plagioclase (Pl) and biotite (Bi). Regions of interest were prepared and stored in one database on the basis of which the classifier was trained. Based on the obtained classification data, masks of each mineral were created. A quantitative analysis was performed based on these masks: the percentage content and amount of grains of each mineral were determined. Results are presented in tabular and graphical forms.
Digital ultraviolet petrography: approaches and applications
Authors: Samodurov Vladimir P. , Vasilionak Alena A. , Yalenski Yuriy N. , Erohovets Anastasia M.
Published: June 2020

Integrated data on the approaches and applications of the rock fluorescent macro- and micropetrography is presented. Fluorescence in minerals is caused not by the major chemical elements but a wide range of chemical impurities (activators). As a result, fluorescence cannot be used for the mineral identification in the different deposits because of the different activators prevailing in the different localities. Nevertheless, fluorescence is the reliable typomorphic feature because the minerals with specific fluorescence forms in the same geochemical condition. This methodical approach is based on the combination of the epifluorescent microscopy and multifocal petrography of the rocks. Ultraviolet (UV) investigations by the reflectance microscopy method reveal some advantages, mostly in the sedimentary rocks studying – improving an optical resolution of the images, avoiding the microparticles overlapping inside the thin sections. On the contrary to the classical petrography which uses light source, fluorescent minerals are the source of light themselves, and this feature improves the optical resolution of this method as well. Ultraviolet investigations of the samples of Starobin UpperDevonian bed reveal polygenic processes of their forming. Silt-sized minerals with the different fluorescence features, small and high quantum yields, have been brought from the different sources. Prevailing marls, consisting of the clay minerals and dispersed calcite reveal invisible for the other methods structures – colloform aggregates, metasomatic replacement of the marls in the fracture zones of the rocks. Fluorescent features let to define hydrothermal and chemogenic minerals in the sedimentary rocks. For example, fluorescent borates in the salt formations of the evaporates. Nevertheless, complex methodical approach, such as XRD and XRF, needs for the accurate mineral definition.
Differential Diagnostics of Vertebrogenic and Nonvertebrogenic Vascular Pathologies
Authors: Karkischenko N. N. , Nikolaev A. A. , Chudina Yu. A. , Chaivanov D. B. , Vartanov A. A.
Published: June 2020

This article investigates consistency in the work of the heart and blood vessels in vascular diseases of a vertebrogenic and non-vertebrogenic nature, which are characterized by disorders of the cardiovascular system leading to an insuffi cient blood supply to the spinal cord and the brain. Vertebrogenic vascular pathologies were studied by the example of vertebral artery disorders in osteochondrosis of the cervical spine, while non-vertebrogenic pathologies were considered in the syndrome of somatoform dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system. It is shown that, compared to the norm, the degree of consistence in the work of the heart and blood vessels is lower in vertebrogenic and non-vertebrogenic vascular pathologies.
Children of Revolutionaries under Stress: The Case of the Bordeaux Girondins
Authors: Reynolds Siân
Published: June 2020

This article is part of a study of the families of French revolutionaries. Many leading politicians had young children and often suffered disproportionately from family disruption, internal exile, imprisonment or death in the years 1793–95. This sample focuses on families of ten Girondin deputés to the Convention, most of whom were executed during the Terror. Based in the commercial port of Bordeaux, several of these families were linked by marriage or friendship. It considers their survival strategies, networks of support, and the trajectories of certain children. The (controversial) reputation of the Girondins was later defended by some of their descendants resulting in Bordeaux's Monument to them, dating from 1901.
The Deadly Paternity of a Deserter from the Great War
Authors: Virgili Fabrice , Voldman (Translated by Ethan Rundell) Danièle
Published: June 2020

This article draws on archived documents and press reports to recount the tragic history of an unorthodox couple and their young child in the aftermath of the Great War. Having married Louise Landy, Paul Grappe was mobilized in 1914. Wounded and disaffected, he deserted from the army and for the next ten years, until the amnesty, lived as a woman in order to evade arrest, leading a sexually adventurous life into which Louise was drawn. But the birth of their only child in 1925 altered relations between the couple, leading to Paul's alcoholism and violence. The article starts from the conventional and idyllic family photograph of the couple and their baby, in order to explore the tensions seething behind the façade of this apparently happy family.
HEMŞİRELİK ÖĞRENCİLERİ VE KLİNİK HEMŞİRELERİNİN YAŞLILIĞA İLİŞKİN TUTUMLARININ KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: UYSAL Neşe , ÜNAL TOPRAK Filiz , KOÇ Ayşegül
Published: June 2020

Bu araştırma hemşirelik bölümü öğrencilerinin ve klinik hemşirelerinin yaşlı ayrımcılığına ilişkin tutumlarını karşılaştırmak amacıyla kesitsel olarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırma örneklemi, bir üniversitenin hemşirelik bölümünde öğrenim görmekte olan birinci ve dördüncü sınıf öğrencileri (n=212) ile bir eğitim ve araştırma hastanesinde çalışan 45 hemşire oluşmuştur. Araştırmada veriler, tanıtıcı özelikler bilgi formu ve Yaşlı Ayrımcılığı Tutum Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Çalışmamızda, hemşireler ve hemşirelik bölümü öğrencilerinin, yaşlının yaşamını sınırlama, yaşlıya yönelik olumlu ayrımcılık, yaşlıya yönelik olumsuz ayrımcılık alt ölçek ortalama puanları ve toplam puan ortalamaları arasında anlamlı farklılık olduğu saptanmıştır. Hemşirelerin mesleki deneyim süreleri ile olumlu ayrımcılık puanları arasında anlamlı korelasyon olduğu, öğrencilerin yaşı ile olumlu ayrımcılık puanları arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. Yaşlı bakım hizmetlerinin kalitesinin artırılması yaşlılara ilişkin olumlu tutuma sahip olma ile yakından ilişkilidir. Hemşirelik uygulamalarından biri olan yaşlı bakımını geliştirmek için sürekli eğitim ve geriatri alanında sağlık bakım hizmetlerinin geliştirilmesi önerilmektedir.
Multimorbidity of ischemic diseases of the visual organ and chronic cerebral ischemia in atherosclerosis
Authors: Makhamova D
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this research was to study the features of the comorbid course of ischemic diseases of the visual organ and chronic cerebral ischemia in atherosclerosis.
The material for this study was the results of complex examinations of 37 patients (74 eyes) with ischemic diseases of the visual organ in combination with chronic cerebral ischemia and atherosclerotic vascular lesions. In addition to complex ophthalmologic examination, ultra¬sound examination with color Doppler mapping of ex-tracranial and intracranial segments of the great vessels of the brain, Color-Doppler sonography and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain with tractography were used to study the peculiarities of the course of ischemic diseases of the visual organ in chronic cerebral ischemia. The quantitative characteristics of blood flow in the ves¬sels of the eye and brain were the maximum systolic, final diastolic speeds, resistance index, carotid – ophthalmic ratio.
Material didático de Português Língua Adicional para o curso preparatório PEC-G na UFMG
Authors: Leroy Henrique Rodrigues , Freitas André de Sousa Figueiredo , Santos Camila de Souza , Paula Milena Maria Ferreira de , Mamani Silvana Maria
Published: June 2020

O presente estudo, de natureza qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória, objetiva avaliar uma unidade didática para o ensino de Português Língua Adicional (PLA) em um curso preparatório para o Certificado de Proficiência em Língua Portuguesa para Estrangeiros (CelpeBras) no contexto do Programa Estudante-Convênio de Graduação (PEC-G) na Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Busca-se investigar quais tarefas integram Metodologias Ativas e Letramento Crítico em relação aos critérios de avaliação da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) e do exame CelpeBras. Os resultados da análise indicam que a proposta promove a integração das habilidades comunicativas e busca contribuir com a autonomia e com reflexões mais críticas dos aprendizes.
EMI em foco: percepções, possibilidades e desafios
Authors: Züge Aline Priscilla Brancalhão , Barreto Ana Igraíne de Góis , Novelli Josimayre
Published: June 2020

A internacionalização das universidades brasileiras reflete no uso da língua inglesa como meio de instrução (English as medium of instruction – EMI) em cursos e disciplinas de graduação e pósgraduação. O presente trabalho visa analisar o impacto de um curso de extensão de EMI oferecido pelo Programa “O Paraná Fala Idiomas/Inglês”, em uma universidade pública paranaense. Trata-se de um estudo de caso, de natureza qualitativa; os dados foram gerados por meio de questionários a docentes participantes do referido curso, com o intuito de compreender as expectativas iniciais e finais desses docentes com relação ao curso e às práticas e conteúdos a ele associados. Os resultados apontam, dentre outras constatações, que parte dos desafios atrelados ao desenvolvimento de ações em EMI pode ser superada por meio de iniciativas que promovam a adaptação das aulas ao contexto do EMI.
Formação de professores de línguas em contexto de internacionalização
Authors: Molinari Andressa Cristina , Franco Sandra Aparecida Pires , Passoni Taisa Pinetti
Published: June 2020

Investigar como a formação de professores em contextos mercadológicos se realiza é essencial para empreendermos práticas que operem na educação de indivíduos não alienados. Assim sendo, neste trabalho buscamos compreender quais aspectos da formação de professores, em contextos de internacionalização, são tratados nos resumos de trabalhos apresentados em dois eventos da área de linguística aplicada, sendo um deles internacional e um latino americano. Deste modo, visamos colaborar com o panorama de pesquisas que tratam sobre formação de professores em contextos de internacionalização. Nossa análise foi pautada na análise léxico-semântica desses resumos para compreender quais os sentidos dados à formação de professores no contexto do programa Idioma sem Fronteiras (IsF). Os resultados apontam que a maioria dos trabalhos que tratam de professores em formação inicial está em consonância com temas já abordados na formação de professores, e também destacam questões ainda não exploradas nessa área.
Somos herdeiros do pecado original? Algumas considerações acerca dos discursos religiosos perante o corpo na Antiguidade Tardia
Authors: Gatt Pablo , Baccega Marcus
Published: June 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar as representações cunhadas acerca do corpo pelos pensadores cristãos canônicos dos primeiros séculos, durante à Antiguidade Tardia e pelas religiões ditas pagãs opostas ao movimento cristão. Nesse sentido, discutiremos como era visto o corpo na sociedade romana republicana e do Império, assim como na Antiguidade Tardia, uma vez que com o advento do Pecado Original esse corpo passou a ser relegado à margem da sociedade e depreciado sob o viés da concupiscência da carne. Ademais, investigaremos a maneira como o imaginário cristão tardo-antigo gramaticalizou o corpo no âmbito das demais práticas e prédicas sociais, assim como a sua função predicada ao mesmo na instituição do casamento.
Late Acceptance Hill-Climbing Matheuristic for the General Lot Sizing and Scheduling Problem with Rich Constraints
Authors: Goerler Andreas , Lalla-Ruiz Eduardo , Voß Stefan
Published: June 2020

This paper considers the general lot sizing and scheduling problem with rich constraints exemplified by means of rework and lifetime constraints for defective items (GLSP-RP), which finds numerous applications in industrial settings, for example, the food processing industry and the pharmaceutical industry. To address this problem, we propose the Late Acceptance Hill-climbing Matheuristic (LAHCM) as a novel solution framework that exploits and integrates the late acceptance hill climbing algorithm and exact approaches for speeding up the solution process in comparison to solving the problem by means of a general solver. The computational results show the benefits of incorporating exact approaches within the LAHCM template leading to high-quality solutions within short computational times.
Why the Carbon-Neutral Energy Transition Will Imply the Use of Lots of Carbon
Authors: Mertens Jan , Belmans Ronnie , Webber Michael
Published: June 2020

This paper argues that electrification and gasification go hand in hand and are crucial on our pathway to a carbon-neutral energy transition. Hydrogen made from renewable electricity will be crucial on this path but is not sufficient, mainly due to its challenges related to its transport and storage. Thus, other ‘molecules’ will be needed on the pathway to a carbon-neutral energy transition. What at first sight seems a contradiction, this paper argues that carbon (C) will be an important and required chemical element in many of these molecules to achieve our carbon neutrality goal. Therefore, on top of the “Hydrogen Economy” we should work also towards a “Synthetic Hydrocarbon Economy”, implying the needs for lots of carbon as a carrier for hydrogen and embedded in products as a form of sequestration. It is crucial that this carbon is taken from the biosphere or recycled from biomass/biogas and not from fossil resources. Due to efficiency losses in capturing and converting atmospheric CO2, the production of renewable molecules will increase the overall demand for renewable energy drastically.
Current Landscape of Breast Cancer Imaging and Potential Quantitative Imaging Markers of Response in ER-Positive Breast Cancers Treated with Neoadjuvant Therapy
Authors: Jones Ella F. , Hathi Deep K. , Freimanis Rita , Mukhtar Rita A. , Chien A. Jo , Esserman Laura J. , van’t Veer Laura J. , Joe Bonnie N. , Hylton Nola M.
Published: June 2020

In recent years, neoadjuvant treatment trials have shown that breast cancer subtypes identified on the basis of genomic and/or molecular signatures exhibit different response rates and recurrence outcomes, with the implication that subtype-specific treatment approaches are needed. Estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancers present a unique set of challenges for determining optimal neoadjuvant treatment approaches. There is increased recognition that not all ER+ breast cancers benefit from chemotherapy, and that there may be a subset of ER+ breast cancers that can be treated effectively using endocrine therapies alone. With this uncertainty, there is a need to improve the assessment and to optimize the treatment of ER+ breast cancers. While pathology-based markers offer a snapshot of tumor response to neoadjuvant therapy, non-invasive imaging of the ER disease in response to treatment would provide broader insights into tumor heterogeneity, ER biology, and the timing of surrogate endpoint measurements. In this review, we provide an overview of the current landscape of breast imaging in neoadjuvant studies and highlight the technological advances in each imaging modality. We then further examine some potential imaging markers for neoadjuvant treatment response in ER+ breast cancers.
Recent Developments of Effective Catalysts for Hydrogen Storage Technology Using N-Ethylcarbazole
Authors: Zhou Liu , Sun Lin , Xu Lixin , Wan Chao , An Yue , Ye Mingfu
Published: June 2020

Hydrogen energy is considered to be a desired energy storage carrier because of its high-energy density, extensive sources, and is environmentally friendly. The development of hydrogen storage material, especially liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC), has drawn intensive attention to address the problem of hydrogen utilization. Hydrogen carrier is a material that can reversibly absorb and release hydrogen using catalysts at elevated temperature, in which LOHC mainly relies on the covalent bonding of hydrogen during storage to facilitate long-distance transportation and treatment. In this review, the chemical properties and state-of-the-art of LOHCs were investigated and discussed. It reviews the latest research progress with regard to liquid organic hydrogen storage materials, namely N-ethylcarbazole, and the recent progress in the preparation of efficient catalysts for N-ethylcarbazole dehydrogenation by using metal multiphase catalysts supported by carbon–nitrogen materials is expounded. Several approaches have been considered to obtain efficient catalysts such as increasing the surface area of the support, optimizing particle size, and enhancing the porous structure of the support. This review provides a new direction for the research of hydrogen storage materials and considerations for follow-up research.
A Simple and Efficient Protocol for Proline-Catalysed Asymmetric Aldol Reaction
Authors: Emma Marco Giuseppe , Tamburrini Alice , Martinelli Ada , Lombardo Marco , Quintavalla Arianna , Trombini Claudio
Published: June 2020

The proline-catalysed asymmetric aldol reaction is usually carried out in highly dipolar aprotic solvents (dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide, acetonitrile) where proline presents an acceptable solubility. Protic solvents are generally characterized by poor stereocontrol (e.g., methanol) or poor reactivity (e.g., water). Here, we report that water/methanol mixtures are exceptionally simple and effective reaction media for the intermolecular organocatalytic aldol reaction using the simple proline as the catalyst.
Sex Chromosomes and Sex Phenotype Contribute to Biased DNA Methylation in Mouse Liver
Authors: Zhuang Qinwei Kim-Wee , Galvez Jose Hector , Xiao Qian , AlOgayil Najla , Hyacinthe Jeffrey , Taketo Teruko , Bourque Guillaume , Naumova Anna K.
Published: June 2020

Sex biases in the genome-wide distribution of DNA methylation and gene expression levels are some of the manifestations of sexual dimorphism in mammals. To advance our understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to sex biases in DNA methylation and gene expression, we conducted whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) as well as RNA-seq on liver samples from mice with different combinations of sex phenotype and sex-chromosome complement. We compared groups of animals with different sex phenotypes, but the same genetic sexes, and vice versa, same sex phenotypes, but different sex-chromosome complements. We also compared sex-biased DNA methylation in mouse and human livers. Our data show that sex phenotype, X-chromosome dosage, and the presence of Y chromosome shape the differences in DNA methylation between males and females. We also demonstrate that sex bias in autosomal methylation is associated with sex bias in gene expression, whereas X-chromosome dosage-dependent methylation differences are not, as expected for a dosage-compensation mechanism. Furthermore, we find partial conservation between the repertoires of mouse and human genes that are associated with sex-biased methylation, an indication that gene function is likely to be an important factor in this phenomenon.
Acute Maternal Fasting or Fluid Abstention Does Not Significantly Affect the Macronutrient Composition of Human Milk: Clinical and Clinical Research Relevance
Authors: Allegaert Karel , Smits Anne
Published: June 2020

There are guidelines on lactation following maternal analgo-sedative exposure, but these do not consider the effect of maternal fasting or fluid abstention on human milk macronutrient composition. We therefore performed a structured search (PubMed) on ‘human milk composition’ and screened title, abstract and full paper on ‘fasting’ or ‘abstention’ and ‘macronutrient composition’ (lactose, protein, fat, solids, triglycerides, cholesterol). This resulted in six papers and one abstract related to religious fasting (n = 129 women) and observational studies in lactating women (n = 23, healthy volunteers, fasting). These data reflect two different ‘fasting’ patterns: an acute (18–25 h) model in 71 (healthy volunteers, Yom Kippur/Ninth of Av) women and a chronic repetitive fasting (Ramadan) model in 81 women. Changes were most related to electrolytes and were moderate and mainly in the chronic repetitive fasting model, with no clinical significant changes in macronutrients during acute fasting. We therefore conclude that neither short-term fasting nor fluid abstention (18–25 h) affect human milk macronutrient composition, so that women can be reassured when this topic was raised during consulting. Besides the nutritional relevance, this also matters, as clinical research samples—especially estimating analgo-sedative exposure by lactation—are commonly collected after maternal procedural sedation and maternal fasting. Based on these results, it is reasonable to assume stable human milk composition when such data are used in physiology-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models.
A Sinter Visualization Device for Observing the Relationship Between Fillers and Porosity of Precursor-Derived Ceramic Coatings
Authors: Wang Guangxin , Wang Jinqing , Wang Jie , Chi Zuohe , Zhang Guangxue , Zhou Zhiyi , Feng Zhi , Xiong Yunhao
Published: June 2020

Adding fillers to polysilazane (PSZ)-derived ceramic coating is one of the main methods used to reduce PSZ porosity. In this study, we designed a sinter visualization device for understanding the effect of fillers on coating porosity and observed pore evolution within the coating sintering process using different filler ratios. When there was no filler in the coating, gas evolution occurred at the initial sintering stage due to a PSZ pyrolysis reaction. In the final stage, numerous cracks appeared because of volume shrinkage. It was determined that such coatings cannot provide good protection. Although the cracks disappeared after adding glass powder, many bubbles appeared. After adding ZrO2, the bubbles in the coating significantly reduced. When the volume ratio of PSZ/glass powder/ZrO2 was 1:2:1, the coating porosity after sintering was the lowest. Based on our visualization experimental results, we concluded that the glass powder’s healing effect and the ZrO2 skeleton effect were the main reasons for the reduced coating porosity. In addition, the sinter visualization device can be used to observe the surface morphology of other similar coatings during the sintering processes.
Study on the Anti-Friction Mechanism of Nitriding Surface Texture 304 Steel
Authors: Chen Wengang , Xia Minhua , Song Wentao
Published: June 2020

In order to improve the extensive application of 304 steel in various industrial fields, dimples with different diameter and spacing arrayed on the surface of 304 steel were prepared by laser etching. Then the nitriding treatment was applied on the textured surface and 304 steel matrix surface. The surface microhardness, surface work function, apparent contact angle of the surface before and after nitriding, and surface morphology of the compound modification surface were tested. The tribological properties of five different samples were tested by a rotating friction and wear tester under oil lubrication conditions. The finite element simulation analysis is carried out with a single micro dimple and the upper specimen as the simulation object. The results show that the surface hardness of the compound modification surface is much higher than that of the 304 steel matrix. The surface work function and apparent contact angle of the nitrided surface is larger than that of the 304 steel matrix. These factors lead to the difficulty of abrasive particle stripping, which enhances anti-wear performance of nitrided smooth surface under the lubrication condition. The micro dimple will lead to the change of liquid streamlining, promote the change of liquid pressure in different regions, and result in convergence and divergence regions. But the dynamic pressure of the oil in the micro texture did not play an obvious role in reducing friction at a lower speed. The anti-friction and anti-wear properties of the compound modified surface are better than those of the nitrided smooth surface, which mainly is attributed to lubricant storage in texture and reduction of the real contact area.
Characterization of New H-Bonded Liquid Crystalline Complexes Based on Iminophenyl Nicotinate
Authors: Alnoman Rua B. , Hagar Mohamed , Ahmed Hoda A. , Abu Al-Ola Khulood A. , Naoum Magdi M. , Al-Elati Fahad , Abdullah Zaid Yousef , Alsharif Abdulrahman , Al-Juhani Yazeed , Abulrhelh Abdulmjeed
Published: June 2020

Two new 1:2 supramolecular H-bonded liquid crystalline complexes (SMHBCs) were prepared through double H-bond interactions between either isophthalic acid (A) or terephthalic acid (B) and a nicotinate Schiff base (I6). The formed complexes were thermally investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and their phases were identified by polarized optical microscopy (POM) and UV-spectroscopy. The formation of 1:2 hydrogen-bonded complexes was confirmed through their Fermi-bands observed by FT-IR spectroscopy. The first system (I6/A) was found to possess enantiotropic smectic A and nematic mesophases. Induced broad range of smectic A phase was observed in I6/A complex which is not shown by their individual components. The second complex system (I6/B) was purely nematogenic. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were applied to predict their geometrical parameters. Theoretical studies revealed that the isophthalic complex adopted the W-shape; while the U-shape was adopted by the terephthalic acid complex (I6/B). The linear geometry of the complex based on the isophthalic acid enhanced the mesomorphic behavior observed by the terephthalic complex; I6/B. Actually; the orientation of the two carboxylic groups was shown to highly affect the softness of the derived complex. On the other hand; the mapping orientation of the charge distribution can be used to explain the mesophase behavior. The photophysical characterization of isophthalic complex (I6/A) is also discussed
Identification of Human Ovarian Adenocarcinoma Cells with Cisplatin-Resistance by Feature Extraction of Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix Using Optical Images
Authors: Huang Chih-Ling , Lian Meng-Jia , Wu Yi-Hsuan , Chen Wei-Ming , Chiu Wen-Tai
Published: June 2020

Ovarian cancer is the most malignant of all gynecological cancers. A challenge that deteriorates with ovarian adenocarcinoma in neoplastic disease patients has been associated with the chemoresistance of cancer cells. Cisplatin (CP) belongs to the first-line chemotherapeutic agents and it would be beneficial to identify chemoresistance for ovarian adenocarcinoma cells, especially CP-resistance. Gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) was characterized imaging from a numeric matrix and find its texture features. Serous type (OVCAR-4 and A2780), and clear cell type (IGROV1) ovarian carcinoma cell lines with CP-resistance were used to demonstrate GLCM texture feature extraction of images. Cells were cultured with cell density of 6 × 105 in a glass-bottom dish to form a uniform coverage of the glass slide to get the optical images by microscope and DVC camera. CP-resistant cells included OVCAR-4, A2780 and IGROV and had the higher contrast and entropy, lower energy, and homogeneity. Signal to noise ratio was used to evaluate the degree for chemoresistance of cell images based on GLCM texture feature extraction. The difference between wile type and CP-resistant cells was statistically significant in every case (p < 0.001). It is a promising model to achieve a rapid method with a more reliable diagnostic performance for identification of ovarian adenocarcinoma cells with CP-resistance by feature extraction of GLCM in vitro or ex vivo.
Impact of Social Welfare Metrics on Energy Allocation in Multi-Objective Optimization
Authors: Clausen Anders , Umair Aisha , Demazeau Yves , Jørgensen Bo Nørregaard
Published: June 2020

Resource allocation problems are at the core of the smart grid where energy supply and demand must match. Multi-objective optimization can be applied in such cases to find the optimal allocation of energy resources among consumers considering energy domain factors such as variable and intermittent production, market prices, or demand response events. In this regard, this paper considers consumer energy demand and system-wide energy constraints to be individual objectives and optimization variables to be the allocation of energy over time to each of the consumers. This paper considers a case in which multi-objective optimization is used to generate Pareto sets of solutions containing possible allocations for multiple energy intensive consumers constituted by commercial greenhouse growers. We consider the problem of selecting a final solution from these Pareto sets, one of maximizing the social welfare between objectives. Social welfare is a set of metrics often applied to multi-agent systems to evaluate the overall system performance. We introduce and apply social welfare ordering using different social welfare metrics to select solutions from these sets to investigate the impact of the type of social welfare metric on the optimization outcome. The results of our experiments indicate how different social welfare metrics affect the optimization outcome and how that translates to general resource allocation strategies.
Emission Characteristics under Diesel and Biodiesel Fueled Compression Ignition Engine with Various Injector Holes and EGR Conditions
Authors: Kim Taejung , Park Jungsoo , Cho Honghyun
Published: June 2020

The combustion performance of a conventional rail diesel engine was investigated by measuring the exhaust gas with the respect to the number of injector holes, fuel type, and the use of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), to provide a detailed reduction of environmental pollutants. It was found that a six- or seven-hole injector was more effective than a five-hole injector for reducing the exhaust gas. In addition, the mixing of 20% biodiesel oil with diesel most effectively reduced the HC and NOx contents. The technology generally reduced the NOx and CO contents of the exhaust, but had no significant effect on the HC and CO2 contents.
Tensile and Shear Mechanical Characteristics of Longmaxi Shale Laminae Dependent on the Mineral Composition and Morphology
Authors: Li Lihui , Huang Beixiu , Huang Xiaolin , Wang Ming , Li Xiao
Published: June 2020

Laminae are well developed in shale and generally influence fracture propagation during hydraulic fracturing. Hence, comprehensively understanding the tension and shear behaviors of shale laminae is crucial. There have been limited systematic studies thus far on the tensile and shear strength as well as fracture morphology of shale laminae. In this study, the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Shale (China) was investigated via Brazilian tensile and angle-varied plate shear tests. Five lamina types were tested, i.e., calcite (Cal), pyrite (Py), organic-enriched (Oc), the interface between Cal and Oc (Cal-Oc), and the interface between Py and Oc (Py-Oc) laminae. Results showed that the tensile strength was in the range 0.43–8.22 MPa, mainly in the order of Cal > Py > Cal-Oc > Py-Oc > Oc. The modes of fracture morphology were highly related to the occurrence, continuity, and mineralogy fillings of laminae. Shear strength parameters were within the range 22.50–29.64 MPa for cohesion and 37.29–43.60° for internal friction angle. Fracture surface roughness was strongly related to its cohesion. Calcite laminae considerably influenced the tensile fracturing of shale, suggesting that the geometry and properties of calcite lamina should receive more attention during the design of shale gas exploration.
Analyzing Crude Oil Prices under the Impact of COVID-19 by Using LSTARGARCHLSTM
Authors: Bildirici Melike , Guler Bayazit Nilgun , Ucan Yasemen
Published: June 2020

Under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic and the concurrent oil conflict between Russia and Saudi Arabia, oil prices have exhibited unusual and sudden changes. For this reason, the volatilities of the West Texas Intermediate (WTI), Brent and Dubai crude daily oil price data between 29 May 2006 and 31 March 2020 are analysed. Firstly, the presence of chaotic and nonlinear behaviour in the oil prices during the pandemic and the concurrent conflict is investigated by using the Shanon Entropy and Lyapunov exponent tests. The tests show that the oil prices exhibit chaotic behavior. Additionally, the current paper proposes a new hybrid modelling technique derived from the LSTARGARCH (Logistic Smooth Transition Autoregressive Generalised Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity) model and LSTM (long-short term memory) method to analyse the volatility of oil prices. In the proposed LSTARGARCHLSTM method, GARCH modelling is applied to the crude oil prices in two regimes, where regime transitions are governed with an LSTAR-type smooth transition in both the conditional mean and the conditional variance. Separating the data into two regimes allows the efficient LSTM forecaster to adapt to and exploit the different statistical characteristics and ARCH and GARCH effects in each of the two regimes and yield better prediction performance over the case of its application to all the data. A comparison of our proposed method with the GARCH and LSTARGARCH methods for crude oil price data reveals that our proposed method achieves improved forecasting performance over the others in terms of RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) and MAE (Mean Absolute Error) in the face of the chaotic structure of oil prices.
A Foliar Endophyte of White Spruce Reduces Survival of the Eastern Spruce Budworm and Tree Defoliation
Authors: Quiring Dan , Adams Greg , McCartney Andrew , Edwards Sara , Miller J. David
Published: June 2020

Wild eastern spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens) were reared on white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) trees, half of which had been previously inoculated with a native endophytic fungus, Phialocephala scopiformis DAOM 229536 Kowalski and Kehr (Helotiales, Ascomycota). Survival up to pupation and up to adult emergence was approximately 27% higher for budworm juveniles that developed on control trees compared to trees inoculated with the endophyte. The endophyte did not influence the size or sex of survivors but did reduce defoliation by approximately 30%. Reductions in defoliation on endophyte-inoculated versus control trees, due to reductions in survival of juvenile budworms, suggests that tree inoculations with P. scopiformis could play an important role in integrated management programs against the eastern spruce budworm.
Consistent Velocity–Pressure Coupling for Second-Order L2-Penalty and Direct-Forcing Methods
Authors: Sarthou Arthur , Vincent Stéphane , Caltagirone Jean-Paul
Published: June 2020

The present work studies the interactions between fictitious-domain methods on structured grids and velocity–pressure coupling for the resolution of the Navier–Stokes equations. The pressure-correction approaches are widely used in this context but the corrector step is generally not modified consistently to take into account the fictitious domain. A consistent modification of the pressure-projection for a high-order penalty (or penalization) method close to the Ikeno–Kajishima modification for the Immersed Boundary Method is presented here. Compared to the first-order correction required for the L 2 -penalty methods, the small values of the penalty parameters do not lead to numerical instabilities in solving the Poisson equation. A comparison of the corrected rotational pressure-correction method with the augmented Lagrangian approach which does not require a correction is carried out.
“Old Wine in a New Bottle”. Depression and Romantic Relationships in Italian Emerging Adulthood: The Moderating Effect of Gender
Authors: Fermani Alessandra , Bongelli Ramona , Canestrari Carla , Muzi Morena , Riccioni Ilaria , Burro Roberto
Published: June 2020

Intimate partner violence is an important social issue all over the world, and human sciences, in particular, are working to reduce it. Despite this, the topic is a little recognized phenomenon. Understanding the origins and the variables that have an impact on manic-style romantic relationships, as defined by John Alan Lee, is of primary importance, in particular in Italy where the data reveal alarming statistics. Most studies have not controlled for earlier depressive symptoms as a cause of successive depression or as an antecedent of romantic styles. In our study, we investigate the association between depression and romantic style, trying to test the moderating role of the gender variable in 283 Italian emerging adults (139 women and 144 men). In order to achieve this aim, we performed a multigroup structural equation model analysis. The hypothesis that gender moderates the relationship between depression and romantic styles is still yet to be confirmed. Men with high levels of depression do not seem to be able to establish relationships based on commitment, as required by the eros style. Women with high levels of depression are more frequently involved in possessive and demanding relationships or in pragmatic ones, confirming their need for dependence.
Assessment of Functional Activities in Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease Using a Simple and Reliable Smartphone-Based Procedure
Authors: Serra-Añó Pilar , Pedrero-Sánchez José Francisco , Inglés Marta , Aguilar-Rodríguez Marta , Vargas-Villanueva Ismael , López-Pascual Juan
Published: June 2020

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder leading to functional impairment. In order to monitor the progression of the disease and to implement individualized therapeutic approaches, functional assessments are paramount. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of PD on balance, gait, turn-to-sit and sit-to-stand by means of a single short-duration reliable test using a single inertial measurement unit embedded in a smartphone device. Study participants included 29 individuals with mild-to moderate PD (PG) and 31 age-matched healthy counterparts (CG). Functional assessment with FallSkip® included postural control (i.e., Medial-Lateral (ML) and Anterior-Posterior (AP) displacements), gait (Vertical (V) and Medial-Lateral (ML) ranges), turn-to-sit (time) and sit-to-stand (power) tests, total time and gait reaction time. Our results disclosed a reliable procedure (intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.58–0.92). PG displayed significantly larger ML and AP displacements during the postural test, a decrease in ML range while walking and a longer time needed to perform the turn-to-sit task than CG (p < 0.05). No differences between groups were found for V range, sit-to-stand test, total time and reaction time (p > 0.05). In conclusion, people with mild-to-moderate PD exhibit impaired postural control, altered gait strategy and slower turn-to-sit performance than age-matched healthy people.
Sense of Coherence, Burnout, and Work Engagement: The Moderating Effect of Coping in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Mitonga-Monga Jeremy , Mayer Claude-Hélène
Published: June 2020

Research on coping, sense of coherence, burnout, and work engagement is well documented in western countries. However, a void of studies exists on how coping mechanisms can moderate the relationship among sense of coherence, burnout, and work engagement in a manufacturing company in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The objective of this research was to examine the moderating effect of coping (COP) in the relationship between sense of coherence (SOC), burnout (BO), and work engagement (WE). The study employed a quantitative research approach, while participants were recruited through convenience sampling. A total of 197 employees (n = 197; females 40%) who are permanently employed in a manufacturing organisation in the DRC participated in the study voluntarily. The results indicate that coping related positively to a sense of coherence. Moreover, the results indicate that sense of coherence and work engagement related negatively to burnout. Furthermore, the results show that coping acted as a moderator in the relationships between variables. The study adds value to the WE theory by suggesting that an employee who has a high level of COP, high SOC, low level of BO, will positively engage, perform, and be productive.
Integrating a Health Literacy Lens into Nutrition Labelling Policy in Canada
Authors: Mansfield Elizabeth , Wahba Rana , De Grandpré Elaine
Published: June 2020

An increasingly important concern in public health practice is health literacy. Simply stated, it refers to the interactions between individuals and health related information to make informed decisions concerning their health. Research shows that consumers face many health literacy challenges in accessing, understanding and evaluating nutrition labelling information when making food choices. The systematic integration of health literacy considerations into social science and consumer behaviour research can help address these challenges and better meet the needs of the increasingly diverse Canadian population. This application of a health literacy lens should be considered for all future food and nutrition labelling research, to maximize the positive impact of subsequent health policies and regulations on health outcomes and health status of Canadians.