bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The investors' prospects on mandatory auditor rotation: evidence from Euronext Lisbon
Authors: Montenegro Tânia Menezes , Meira Pedro , Silva Sónia
Published: September 2023

The costs and benefits of mandatory auditor rotation (audit firm rotation and partner rotation) are far from being conclusive. This paper helps fill this gap in the literature by examining the relationship between mandatory auditor rotation and firms' stock market performance in the Portuguese context. Using a sample of listed companies in Portugal from 2009 to 2020, the main finding indicates that mandatory audit firm rotation is positively and significantly related to the firm's market performance. The evidence gathered suggests investors perceive mandatory audit firm rotation as a mechanism for improving audit quality. Controlling for the engagement partner rotation, we do not find that the rotation rule has a positive effect on firms' market performance. The net benefits of the mandatory audit rotation rule seem to be driven by the mandatory change of the audit firm, with improvements in market perceptions of earnings. Robustness tests suggest that the signal and significance of the association of firms' market performance and mandatory audit firm rotation holds in the presence of corporate governance mechanisms. Also, the audit experience of the departing and incoming partners does not interact with the relationship between mandatory partner rotation and firms' market performance.
Motivations for nostalgia in the Nintendo fandom
Authors: Lima Leandro Augusto Borges , Varga Bertalan Zoltán
Published: September 2023

Nintendo's presence in games culture is pervasive and influential, with a history of success in the Eastern and Western markets and a fanbase that spans different generations of players. While works about the fandoms of Nintendo-owned franchises exist, less is known about those who are fans of the company itself, without a necessary attachment to a particular intellectual property (IP). The theoretical lenses of game studies, fan studies, retro gaming, and nostalgia help explore the Nintendo fandom to uncover the nostalgic motivations that fans develop and maintain toward the brand and how they are interrelated. Through a narrative analysis of eleven in-depth interviews with self-identified fans of Nintendo, we find that these motivations are sentimental, historical, and personal, as well as hierarchical according to their ease of attainment by those outside of the fandom. Furthermore, retro gaming acts as a Nintendo company strategy that aids the development of these motivations.
Producers, prosumers, and the expansion of the Chinese IP engine
Authors: Cuenca O. C.
Published: September 2023

The export of Chinese cultural products has been enabled by voluntary acts of translation and dissemination, showcasing prosumerism where consumers influence media production and co-opt production functions held by cultural industries. In this paper, I delve into the industry reception of such prosumer activity and its effects on the transnational diffusion of Chinese cultural products.
The White Knight: Batman as esoteric hero for the dissident right
Authors: Packer Joseph , Stoneman Ethan
Published: September 2023

This paper examines how white-nationalist and identitarian fan communities read The Dark Knight film series as a coded attack on liberal values by the secretly sympathetic writer-director Christopher Nolan. In a classic esoteric reading, white nationalists posit super villains like Ra's al Ghul and Bane as giving voice to the true message of the trilogy, namely, that liberal countries have become decadent and must be destroyed so as to give rise to archeofuturistic ethnostates. We examine the white nationalists' criticisms of traditional media critics on both the left and the right in a way that helps differentiate esoteric hermeneutics from more conventional professional critical readings. We highlight the peculiar capacity of pronoiac, fan-based esotericism to resignify and circulate pop-cultural memes for radical, right-wing ends and to do so in ways that avoid the strategies of cultural censors.
What blaseball fandom can teach us about baseball and fandom
Authors: Cohan Noah
Published: September 2023

I trace the development of the internet browser–based baseball simulator known as Blaseball from its origins as an attempt to fill the entertainment void left by the suspension of spectator sports in North America during the early stages of the Covid-19 pandemic to the conclusion of season 24 in July 2021. Along the way, Blaseball changed the way that tens of thousands of fans understand the narrative possibilities of the sport of baseball, albeit in a virtual realm.
"Social TV: Multi-screen content and ephemeral culture," by Cory Barker
Authors: Hatchell Rusty
Published: September 2023

Cory Barker, Social TV: Multi-screen content and ephemeral culture. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2022, hardback $99 (272pp) ISBN 9781496840929.
Fan studies state of the field 2023
Authors: Editor TWC
Published: September 2023

Editorial for TWC No. 40 (September 15, 2023).
Influences of Anchored Instruction on Fragmented Learning Outcomes of University Students
Authors: Li Wenfang , Wang Dan , Cao Yali
Published: September 2023

With the rapid development of information technology (IT), the traditional knowledge media can no longer meet the needs of students to acquire knowledge and instant messages quickly in the information era. Various online learning platforms have been developed accordingly to provide continuous access to fragmented knowledge and information. IT has been extensively applied in the field of education, offering extensive development spaces and technological supports to establish an “anchored” teaching mode based on the constructivism theory. This has made fragmented learning outcomes, which extensively use IT technology, a salient topic in anchored instruction. The present study draws data from 252 Traffic Engineering students to analyze the influence of anchored instruction on the fragmented learning outcomes of university students. The results indicate the good reliability and validity of the questionnaire, with the five aspects of anchored instruction—context setup, problem identification, independent study, cooperative learning and effectiveness evaluation—all capable of significantly improve the fragmented learning outcomes of university students. Different course types, such as practice courses and theory courses, yield different learning outcomes. The research conclusions provide important references to construct a knowledge network of fragmented knowledge based on anchored instruction, facilitate students to extend existing research contents in fragmented deep learning, and discuss the convenient information environment for anchored instruction based on information technology.
The Effect of Using iPad Apps in Developing Components of Cooperative Learning Among Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Alktebi Ayesha
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of iPad use in the enhancement of structure and factors of interactional education among students during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this respect, the educational community that emphasized using interactional traditional methods imposed social distancing due to rapid global changes in recent years and the COVID-19 pandemic. This directly affected the traditional educational methods, and many students were deprived of the positive effects of interactional education. For all the aspects of education to achieve their goals, electronic applications were used in education to fully accomplish the results of public education and specifically achieve interactional training. Modern studies and investigations recommend following scientific methods about the effects of technology, in general, and iPad applications, in particular. We investigated the consequences of learning from peer groups and interactional education. The results showed that students prefer interactional and cooperative learning to individual education. Finally, it is important to study the effect of using iPad applications in improving and updating educational interactional resources for students. In this research, we try to answer the question What is the effect of electronic applications on the improvement of interactional educational lessons among students during the COVID-19 pandemic? We studied the ways that students had access to the iPad during the course and the effectiveness of the resulting education as well as the reasons for what was or was not effective.
A New Collaborative Filtering Recommendation Algorithm for Course Resources Based on Language-Scoring Data
Authors: Song Jiao , Wang Ru , Zhao Xin , Gao Mingli
Published: September 2023

As digital tools and online resources are widely used in education these days, providing students with personalized learning resource recommendations is now an important task for educators- however, the currently available recommendation algorithms created based on language-scoring data are deficient in aspects of sentence similarity calculation and students’ acceptance of new knowledge, so this study proposed an automatic language-scoring method based on the improved sentence similarity calculation; then, combining with the language-scoring data of students, a new collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm of course resources was proposed for changes in the effect of students’ acceptance of new knowledge. The proposed new algorithm can more accurately evaluate students’ language ability, with students’ interests and capacity taken into consideration, and it can give more suitable and personalized recommendations of learning resources for students. In terms of algorithm design, both efficiency and accuracy have been taken into account and balanced, so the algorithm is applicable to large-scale data processing and real-time recommendation. This study not only helps in improving students’ learning effect, but also provides useful references for educational institutions to optimize course design and teaching methods. Research findings of this study can be used in other disciplines and fields as well.
Multi-Level Text Clustering in Subject Knowledge Library and its Visualization
Authors: Liu Ying , Hao Yaofei
Published: September 2023

The large-scale and complex data generated in the teaching field of business administration poses challenges for decision-makers and managers of companies, and how to effectively extract and manage the useful information contained in these data has become a problem to be solved. Currently available methods of subject knowledge library clustering and visualization struggle to handle the complexity and multi-hierarchies of such subject data effectively or meet users’ requirements for advanced semantic understanding and retrieval. In view of these matters, this study aims to probe deeper into the problem of multi-level text clustering in the subject knowledge library and its visualization. Firstly, an innovative strategy-based subject semantic representation method for knowledge libraries was proposed to better interpret and represent the semantic information of subject data. Secondly, a subject clustering model of the knowledge library was constructed based on an improved hierarchical Dirichlet polynomial distribution, enabling efficient and accurate clustering of subject data. Lastly, visualization technology was employed to display the cluster results, allowing users to gain a clear understanding of the internal relationships and structure of the subject data. The research findings of this study could provide valuable new tools and methods for solving the problem of subject knowledge library management and utilization, analyzing the subject data, and supporting decision-making. As a result, they hold both theoretical and practical significance.
P2FLF: Privacy-Preserving Federated Learning Framework Based on Mobile Fog Computing
Authors: B. Ankayarkanni  , Niroj Kumar Pani  , M. Anand  , V. Malathy  , Bhupati
Published: September 2023

Mobile IoT devices provide a lot of data every day, which provides a strong base for machine learning to succeed. However, the stringent privacy demands associated with mobile IoT data pose significant challenges for its implementation in machine learning tasks. In order to address this challenge, we propose privacy-preserving federated learning framework (P2FLF) in a mobile fog computing environment. By employing federated learning, it is possible to bring together numerous dispersed user sets and collectively train models without the need to upload datasets. Federated learning, an approach to distributed machine learning, has garnered significant attention for its ability to enable collaborative model training without the need to share sensitive data. By utilizing fog nodes deployed at the edge of the network, P2FLF ensures that sensitive mobile IoT data remains local and is not transmitted to the central server. The framework integrates privacy-preserving methods, such as differential privacy and encryption, to safeguard the data throughout the learning process. We evaluate the performance and efficacy of P2FLF through experimental simulations and compare it with existing approaches. The results demonstrate that P2FLF strikes a balance between model accuracy and privacy protection while enabling efficient federated learning in mobile IoT environments.
Strategies and Supports for More Effective English Teaching
Authors: Vu Hai Yen
Published: September 2023

Vietnamese English teachers (VETs), especially those working in high schools, are under public pressure because of their poor performances in national English proficiency assessments. As Le suggests, this is widely seen as the main reason why Vietnamese English learners have poor learning outcomes. Research shows, however, that it is the effectiveness of instruction that plays a crucial role in determining the success of language students. Given this dilemma, it is necessary to investigate what VETs think can help improve their teaching. Little is known about this in the Vietnamese context. To bridge this gap, this study investigates perspectives of a range of pre-service and in-service VETs on issues related strategies and supports for more effective English language teaching. Data were collected through questionnaires, individual interviews, and focus group interviews, and were analyzed thematically. The findings are expected to be of great benefit not only to pre-service and in-service VETs but also to other stakeholders.
Web Semantic-Based MOOP Algorithm for Facilitating Allocation Problems in the Supply Chain Domain
Authors: Lin Chun-Yuan , Rahaman Mosiur , Moslehpour Massoud , Chattopadhyay Sourasis , Arya Varsha
Published: September 2023

The facility allocation of the supply chain is critical since it directly influences cost efficiency, customer service, supply chain responsiveness, risk reduction, network optimization, and overall competitiveness. When enterprises deploy their facilities wisely, they may achieve operational excellence, exceed customer expectations, and obtain a competitive advantage in today's volatile business climate. Due to this reason, a multi-objective facility allocation problem is introduced in this research with cooperative-based multi-level backup coverage considering distance-based facility attractiveness. The facility of the coverage is further described as two different layers of the coverage process, where demand can be covered as full, partial, and no coverage by their respective facilities. The main objectives of this facility allocation problem are to maximize the coverage of the facility to maximize overall facility coverage in the supply chain network and simultaneously minimize the overall cost.
A Study on hardiness, Knowledge of Menopause, Menopausal Management among Middle Aged Women
Authors: Shin Hye Sook , Kwon Sook Hee
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study was to identify the degree of hardiness, knowledge of menopause, menopausal management of the middle aged women to identify the variables that show differences in the hardiness, knowledge of menopause and menopausal management of middle aged women and to investigate the relationship among hardiness, menopausal knowledge and menopausal management of the middle aged women. The subjects were 132 middle-aged women and belonged to the age between 40 and 60. They were selected in Pusan, Korea. Data were collected from Oct. to Nov., 1998 by means of a structured questionnaire. The instruments used for this were the hardiness scale developed by Song In Sook and Song Ae Ri and the menopausal management scale developed by Song Ae Ri.The results were as follows 1. The mean score of hardiness was 2.83, in minimum score 1.24 tomaximun score 5.04. The mean score of knowledge of menopausal was 0.68, in minimum score 0.21 to maximum score 0.71. the mean score of menopausal management was 2.26, in minimum score 1.35 to maximum score 3.18.2. In the relation between social demographic and hardiness there were significant differences in the health condition, income, supportive person. In relation between social demographic and menopausal knowledge there were significant differences in the health condition, family members. In the menopausal management there was significant differences in the marital state.3. There was significant correlation between the hardiness and menopausal management of middle aged women(r=-0.208,p=0.017).4. There was not significant correlation between the knowledge of menopause and menopausal management(r=0.001, p=0.992).These findings suggest the need to develop nursing strategy to improve the power of hardiness in middle aged women. hardiness is important to improve the menopausal management of middle aged women.
A Study on Uterine Leiomyoma Patients' Experience of Total Hysterectomy
Authors: Cho Hyeon Ae , Kwon Hye JIn , Yeoum Soon Gyo
Published: September 2023

This study is designed to describe and analyze the experiences of hysterectomy. It also attempts to develop the practical theory of their experiences and thus suggest a fundamental frame that can help nurses broaden their clinical understanding of hysterectomy patients and take better care. The data was collected through interviewing the selected subjects. The subjects were five hysterectomy patients. They were interviewed at first hand by this researcher and recorded under their permissions. Each interview took one hour or two hours per interviewer. The data was collected through the interview.The method of "the Griond Theory" by Strauss & Corbin (1990) was used for data analysis. A total of 129 concepts were extracted from the data analysis. which were classified into 27 subcategories through reanalysis. The subcategories were grouped under 12 higher categories. During the process of the data analysis the following three propositions repeatedly appeared.(1) The higher importance of sexual life and pregnancy, the greater the patients' despair. The support system was not satisfied. The closed defense intensified their despair. They felt that the operation result was out of control.(2) The lower the importance of sexual life and pregnancy, the lesser the patients' despair. The support system proved to be highly satisfactory. As a result more favorably.(3) The lower physical change, the lesser importance of pregnancy. the lesser the patients' despair, the patients' thought turned out to be more positive, which, in turn, left the patients the less despaired. As a results the patients accept the operation result more favorably.
Motherhood and Role Confidence in the Immediate Postpartum Period
Authors: Bang Mi Ran , Lee Jung Hee , Lee Jee Ae , Jung Jee Yun , Park Se Young , An Ok Sim , Park Sook Hee , Kim Young Hee
Published: September 2023

Being a mother is motherhood which means maternal role attainment and has to meet maternal identity and role confidence of caring infant.This study was designed to examine maternal identity as a motherhood and role confidence in the immediate postpartum period, and then explain the correlations of them. Data were collected for 2 months by questionnaires from 64 mothers in the hospital. The scales were to measure motherhood questionnaire which consisted of 11 items and role confidence questionnaire which consisted of 13 items.The analysis of data was done with SPSSWIN program for descriptive statistics and t-test, ANOVA, Multiple Regression Analysis.The results were as follows: 1. Mean score of maternal identity of primipara was 55.41 and multipara was 53.81. In this outcome primipara's score was higher than multipara's.2.Mean score of role confidence of primipara was 44.0 and multipara was 46.81. Multipara's score was higher than primipara's.3.Correlation between maternal identity and role confidence was r=0.29(P=0.03).This was a interesting result. Because many studies reported that primipara had a lower score of maternal identity and role confidence than multipara's. But this study showed that primipara's score of maternal identity was higher than multipara's. So nurse has to support primipara's identity as a mother, taking advantage of nursing intervention from prenatal to postnatal periods. Also nurse has to offer many opportunities to experience premiparas and multiparas how to care their infants.
Psychoneuroimmunologic Effect of Aromatherapy massage
Authors: Lee Sung Hee
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study was to explore the psychoneuroimmunologic effect of aromatherapy massage and to compare the effect with that of massage. This study is designed as a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study and each twenty postpartum mothers volunteered the experimental group and control group. For experimental group, researcher used massage with 2% Jojova oil mixed with Lavender and Rosemary oil (Bush Boake Allen Inc., USA) for 20 minutes, whereas for control group Jojova oil was used as luburicant for massage. Skin temperature was measured with YSI Tele-thermometer(Simpson electric Co., USA) and the concentration of IgA in salivary was analyzed by immunoturbididimeter assay(Cobas INTEGRA, Roche, Swiss) at pre and post test. Also at this time fatigue were measured by Rhoten Fatigue Scale through self-report. The data were analyzed using SAS and hypothesis was tested with unpaired t-test. The results were as follows : 1) Score of fatigue decreased significantly after use of aromatherapy massage. 2) Skin temperature increased significantly after use of aromatherapy massage. 3) Concentration of salivary IgA increased significantly after use of aromatherapy massage. In conclusion, from the standpoint of psychoneuroimmunologic view, the results suggest that aromatherapy massage have greater effect compared with massage and can be effective nursing intervention to enhance relaxation of mind and body in the postpartum mothers.
Effect of Comunication with Mother and Depression to Headache in Children
Authors: Chung Bok Yae , Hong Youn Lan
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the variables such as communication with mother and depression with regard to headache in headache-suffering children.The study subjects consisted of 315 in 5th&6th grade elementary school children in T city. headache-suffering children mean children experiencing twice or more march. 2. 2000 - July, 20. 2000.The data were analyzed by SAS computer program.The results of this study were as follows: 1. The mean score for communication with mother was 73.74 in headache-free group and 70.42 in headache-suffering group and difference had statistical significance.2. The mean score for depression was 39.43 in headache-free group and 43.03 in headachesuffering group and difference had statistical significance.This study in relation to nursing implies that there is a need to teach mothers to encourage positive communication with children and that to develop depression-reducing program to prevent headache attack in children.
A Study of Depression and Perceived Health Status in Matriarchs
Authors: Shin Yoo Sun , Choi Soon Ock , Kim Sook Nam
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data for developing a social policy and group counseling program that will help matriarchs adapt successfully by investigating the level of depression and perceived health status in them.The data was collected from the period February to July, 2000, which included 155 matriarchs who registered at the YWCA, Working Women Center located in Busan.The matriarch's depression was measured through a questionnaire composed of 13 selected items which correspond to depression of SCL-90-R scale and the tool for perceived health status measured by Ware (1976) translated by Yoo Ji Soo, Kim Jo Ja, and Park Ji Won (1985).The data was then analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results of which are, as follows:1. The mean score of depression was 30.8 (SD = ±5.1) from a range of 13 to 52, and perceived health states was 28.3 (SD = ±4.4) from a range of 11 to 44.2. 83.3 % of the matriarchs have experienced mild depression and above, and 3.9% of them experienced a high level of depression. 9.0% of the matriarchs perceived their health status low and 78.6% of them have perceived their health status moderately.3 . There was a significant difference statistically in the degree of depression according to the religion (t = 2.852, p = .005) and income (t = 4.25, p = .000).4 . There was also a negative correlation between depression and perceived health status (r = -0.499, p = 0.000)In conclusion, the majority of matriarchs have experienced depression and perceived their health status below moderately, and there was a significant correlation between depression and perceived health status. Considering these facts, we recommend that this data be used in developing nursing intervention programs and in understanding matriarchs. Finally, it is suggested that the nursing assistance for matriarchs should not be limited only to physical support but also psychological and systematic support as well.
Effects of Doula-type-delivery Nursing Care on Plasma beta-Endorphin, Serum Cortisol related to Delivery Stress during Labor, and Postpartum Status Anxiety of Primipara : Clinical trial
Authors: Hur Myung-Haeng
Published: September 2023

This study was designed to verify the effect of Doula-type delivery nursing care on plasma β-endorphin, serum cortisol, related to delivery stress during labor, and postpartum anxiety of primipara by a quasi-experiment (nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design), from December 1999 to August 2000. Corrected spacing, punctuation, and capitalization.The subjects of this experiment consisted of sixty-eight primipara, with single gestation, full term, uncomplicated pregnancies, thirty-three for the experimental group and thirty-five for the control group. Their mean age was 26.1 years for the experimental group and 25.5 years for the control group. Their mean gestation period was 39.7 weeks for the experimental group and 40.1 weeks for the control group.As treatment, Doula-type delivery nursing care was given for the experimental group.Data assessed plasma β-endorphin, serum cortisol during labor, and anxiety during postpartum. Plasma β-endorphin, serum cortisol were measured in the latent phase before treatment (pre-test) and the transition phase after treatment (post-test). Also, anxiety was measured in the latent phase before treatment (pre-test) and 24 hours postpartum after treatment (post-test).Data was analyzed by t-test, ²-t-test, Repeated measures ANOVA with SAS Program.The results of this study were as follows;1. Plasma β-endorphin was significantly elevated in the experimental group who were cared for with Doula-type delivery nursing care during labor (P = .0463).2. No significant group effects were found, but significant time effects were found for serum cortisol.3. The postpartum anxiety of the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group (P = .010).In conclusion, these findings indicate that Doula-type delivery nursing care during labor could be effective in increasing maternal plasma β-endorphin and decreasing postpartum anxiety.Doula-type delivery nursing care during labor could be applied as an effective nursing treatment for primipara.
A Structural Equation Model Explaining Contraception Behaviors of Married Korean Women
Authors: Kim MiJong
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study was to develop and test the structural model of a contraceptive behavior in Married Korean women. A hypothesis model was constructed on the basis of the health belief model, the theory of planned behavior and extensive literature review of contraception. The model was built by seven constructs. Four exogeneous variables included in the model were consisted of the contraceptive knowledges, the perceived threats, the sexual autonomy and the communication within a couple. Four endogenous variables were consisted of the attitudes toward contraception, the perceived control, the ability to plan a intercourse and the contraceptive behaviors. Empirical data for testing the hypothetical model were collected by the self report questionnaires from 243 Korean married women. The questionnaires used in this study were developed by this researcher and their Cronbach's alpha scores were ranged from .60 to .88. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS program(ver. 8.0) for descriptive statistical analysis and LISREL program(ver. 8.12a) for covariance structural analysis.On the basis of this results, it could be suggested that contraceptive behaviors be greatly affected by the perceived threats, the communications within couple, the attitudes toward contraception and the perceived control. Finally this model would be useful for the practice, theory and research of nursing.
Recent advances in the treatment of monkeypox drugs and vaccines
Authors: Palanisamy Priyadharsini Raman , Elango Dhivya , Ananthy Vimala , Subramanian Umamaheswari
Published: September 2023

Monkeypox disease is caused by virus belonging to Orthopoxviridae family. There was a sudden rise in outbreak of the monkeypox cases, and it was hypothesized that the smallpox eradication and stoppage of smallpox vaccination are the reasons for the increase in the number of cases. The patient infected with monkeypox presents with symptoms such as rash, fever, body pain, headache, and swollen lymph nodes. The diagnosis of monkeypox is done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. The drug therapy includes antiviral drugs such as tecovirimat, cidofovir, and brincidofovir. Tecovirimat was approved by the Food and Drug Administration for smallpox under “animal rule” because it is unethical to perform human studies after the eradication of smallpox in 1980. The drug was used under compassionate use or expanded access for monkeypox. Cidofovir is originally approved for cytomegalovirus retinitis and brincidofovir is approved in June 2021 for the treatment of smallpox. The vaccines include JYNNEOS and ACAM2000 which are given as 2 doses and 1 dose, respectively. JYNNEOS vaccine is comparatively safer with less adverse effects compared to ACAM2000. The vaccines are used for either preexposure or postexposure prophylaxis. The symptomatic management of monkeypox includes antipyretics for fever, intravenous fluids for dehydration, antihistamines for itching pruritus, and antibiotics for secondary infections. The most common methods of prevention of monkeypox include avoiding contact with the infected animal or person and washing hands after any contact with an infected person. This review gives an overview regarding the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of monkeypox.
Cost variance analysis of antidepressant drugs available in the Indian Pharmaceutical Market between January 2023 and March 2023
Authors: Sawant Ankita Y. , Wagh Ranjit Jagannath
Published: September 2023

CONTEXT:

Major depression is a neuropsychiatric condition, with a prevalence of 4.5% in the Indian population. It affects public health by causing huge economic disbursement. Previous studies show that Indian Pharmaceutical Market has price variations ranging from 21.53% to 1000% in various brands of the same antidepressant.

AIMS:

The aim of the study is to appraise the price variation analysis of various brands of antidepressant drugs.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN:

This is an analytical study.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:

The prices of 30 antidepressant drugs available in 96 brands were obtained per unit from http://www.medguideindia.com and http://www.mims.com from January to March 2023. For each formulation percentage price variation, mode price and cost ratio were calculated and analyzed.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED:

Percentage price variation, cost ratio, and mode price.

RESULTS:

Among oral antidepressants, the highest percentage of price variation and cost ratio was seen in tablet amitriptyline 50 mg of 3511.11% and 36.11, respectively, followed by tablet escitalopram 10 mg with price variation of 1005.09% and cost ratio of 11.05%. Furthermore, topical doxepin cream has a percentage price variation and cost ratio of 1331.29% and 14.31, respectively. Tablet imipramine 100 mg was found to have a mode price for all the available brands.

CONCLUSIONS:

Since there is a plethora of price variations for various brands of antidepressants, more stringent laws need to be made by the Government and drug regulatory authorities such as the National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority. Generic antidepressants need to be made available at all times in various accessible drug stores where prices of the drugs are regularly monitored and are under constant price control.
Sharp Hardy–Sobolev–Maz’ya, Adams and Hardy–Adams inequalities on quaternionic hyperbolic spaces and on the Cayley hyperbolic plane
Authors: Flynn Joshua , Lu Guozhen , Yang Qiaohua
Published: September 2023

The main purpose of this paper is to establish the higher order Poincaré– Sobolev and Hardy–Sobolev–Maz’ya inequalities on quaternionic hyperbolic spaces and on the Cayley hyperbolic plane using the Helgason–Fourier analysis on symmetric spaces. A crucial part of our work is to establish appropriate factorization theorems on these spaces, which can be of independent interest. To this end, we need to identify and introduce the “quaternionic Geller operators” and the “octonionic Geller operators”, which have been absent on these spaces. Combining the factorization theorems and the Geller type operators with the Helgason–Fourier analysis on symmetric spaces, some precise estimates for the heat and the Bessel–Green– Riesz kernels, and the Kunze–Stein phenomenon for connected real simple groups of real rank one with finite center, we succeed to establish the higher order Poincaré– Sobolev and Hardy–Sobolev–Maz’ya inequalities on quaternionic hyperbolic spaces and on the Cayley hyperbolic plane. The kernel estimates required to prove these inequalities are also sufficient to establish the Adams and Hardy–Adams inequalities on these spaces. This paper, together with our earlier works on real and complex hyperbolic spaces, completes our study of the factorization theorems, higher order Poincaré–Sobolev, Hardy–Sobolev–Maz’ya, Adams and Hardy–Adams inequalities on all rank one symmetric spaces of noncompact type.
Driving Behavior during Right-Turn Maneuvers at Intersections on
Left-Hand Traffic Roads
Authors: Matsui Yasuhiro , Hosokawa Naruyuki , Oikawa Shoko
Published: September 2023

In Japan, where vehicles drive on the left side of the road, pedestrian fatal
accidents caused by vehicles traveling at speeds of less than or equal to 20
km/h, occur most frequently when a vehicle is turning right. The objective of
the present study is to clarify the driving behavior in terms of eye glances and
driver speeds when drivers of two different types of vehicles turn right at an
intersection on a left-hand traffic road. We experimentally investigated the
drivers’ gaze, vehicle speed, and distance on the vehicle traveling trajectory
from the vehicle to the pedestrian crossing line, using a sedan and a truck with
a gross vehicle weight of < 7.5 tons (a light-duty truck) during right-turn
maneuver. We considered four different conditions: no pedestrian dummy (No-P),
right pedestrian dummy (R-P), left pedestrian dummy (L-P), and right and left
pedestrian dummies (RL-P). Regarding the gazing characteristics, there was no
significant difference in the average total gaze time at each AOI between the
two vehicles under different conditions, which suggests that the total gaze time
was not affected by the vehicle type. All participants gazed at the pedestrian
dummies in R-P, L-P, and RL-P. However, the average total gaze time at the right
pedestrian dummy (0.63–0.72 s) in R-P was significantly shorter than that at the
left pedestrian dummy (1.46–1.57 s) in LP for both vehicles. The average vehicle
speed at the entrance line to the intersection (L1) of the light-duty truck
(16.8–18.2 km/h) was lower than that of the sedan (18.8–19.7 km/h). The average
vehicle speed at the pedestrian crossing line (L0) of the light-duty truck
(15.5–16.0 km/h) was lower than that of the sedan (16.0–17.8 km/h). There was no
significant difference in the average vehicle speeds at L1 and L0 between them
under any two conditions. We investigated the estimated time to collision (TTC),
calculated from the distance on the vehicle traveling trajectory from the
vehicle to the pedestrian crossing line and the vehicle speed at the moment when
the drivers first gazed at the pedestrian dummies. The average TTC of the right
pedestrian dummy in R-P for the sedan (3.5 s) was significantly shorter than
that for the light-duty truck (4.0 s). Similarly, the average TTC of the left
pedestrian dummy in L-P for the sedan (3.7 s) was significantly shorter than
that for the light-duty truck (4.8 s). The driving characteristics obtained in
this study may contribute to the development of advanced driver support systems,
particularly for vehicles turning right at intersections.
Secondary Cooling Based Thermal Management System for Electric Commercial Vehicle-An Environment Friendly Solution
Authors: Sharma Nishant , Goel Arunkumar , Suman Saurabh
Published: September 2023

Global climate change is a major concern worldwide and most refrigerants which are being used today are Hydro-fluorocarbon (HFC), which are potent green house gases. With the rising popularity of electric vehicles, there has been an increased demand for effective and efficient cooling system, not only for cabin cooling for bus but for battery pack Thermal Management Systems also. This has led to an increase in the refrigerant amount and it is even more in case of commercial electric vehicle.

Alternate refrigerant with low global warming potential like R1234yf (GWP = 4), Co2 (GWP = 1), R- 152a (GWP = 124) emerged to cater this challenge; But due to their high cost, risk regarding flammability and relative performance, some researchers found secondary loop cooling system as the next possible solution. In secondary loop cooling system Water-Ethylene glycol mixture circulate inside the vehicle cabin and exchange heat with refrigerant loop, which primarily circulate in small loop outside the cabin. These systems reduced the refrigerant quantity and provide versatile control but due to concern about extra plumbing issues, higher cost and need for optimized control system; it has not gain much interest. With projected increase in commercial electric vehicle market, feasibility of secondary loop cooling system is analyzed. In present study a comparative analysis of a secondary loop cooling systems with respect to conventional refrigeration system for a commercial electric vehicle is being done. A full scale model of Secondary loop cooling system having water-Ethylene glycol mixture is developed for a Electric bus. The model has two circuits: a primary small refrigerant circuit and a secondary coolant circuit for battery and cabin cooling, both controlled by a smart drive. Performance parameters like system cooling capacity and Coefficient of performance is measured and compared with conventional system. This study also involve comparative analysis of Conventional cooling system and Secondary loop cooling system when battery cooling is integrated.
What is the purpose of securities regulation?
Authors: H. Webber David
Published: September 2023

The second, expanded edition of the acclaimed Encyclopedia represents a major update of the most authoritative reference work in the field of law and economics and the nine print volumes are now released online as a single integrated product.
Taxation of Charitable Giving in Terms of Martial Law in Ukraine: Legislative Novelties and Future Models
Authors: Korol Volodymyr , Nebyltsova Oksana , Burylo Yurii , Teremetskyi Vladyslav , Pryianchuk Igor
Published: September 2023

The purpose of the article was to reveal the conditions and consequences of key developments in the Ukrainian tax legislation, with respect to charitable donations by residents and non-residents in the context of the martial law regime, but de facto, large-scale war; as well as to determine models of development forecasting tax incentives for the post-war period of the restoration of Ukraine. Interdisciplinary descriptive, analytical and prognostic methods were used in the development of the research; in particular, comparative, situational and matrix analysis, interpolation and extrapolation of trends, conceptual and cognitive modelling. It is concluded that, Ukrainian tax policy is being significantly modernized by implementing a wide range of novelties related to key national taxes, namely: corporate income tax and individual income tax, to create the most favourable treatment for charitable donations by individuals, legal entities, charitable organizations and business entities. It is expected that the post-war legislative strategy for taxation of charitable giving will be different from the peacetime and wartime models.
Policy issues and legal support for the activity of the State Bureau of Investigation in Ukraine
Authors: Gulak Оlena , Halai Viktoriia , Spartak Pozniakov , Parkhomenko Pavlo , Hurkovskyy Maryan
Published: September 2023

Using dialectics and cognition method the purpose of this work was to analyze the appropriate level of legal support for the activities of the State Bureau of Investigation, to determine its effectiveness and to identify problematic aspects. A number of statutes, reports, online meetings and speeches delivered in the media and in the specialized committee of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine were investigated. It is concluded that among the shortcomings of the State Bureau of Investigation regulation, the following stand out: 1) Absence of a system of internal law enforcement agencies and clear delimitation of their role; 2) Uncertainty about the status of the State Investigation Bureau as an anti-corruption body; 3) Changes in the status compared to the principal established in the first edition of the Basic Law of Ukraine; 4) Inadequacy of regulatory consolidation of social and pension provision of employees of the State Bank of Ukraine; 5) Questions about the need to create expert services in the SBI system and include them among the state institutions entitled to conduct forensic examinations in Ukraine.
Identification of new threats to the national security of the state
Authors: Svoboda Ivo , Shevchuk Mykhailo , Shamsutdinov Oleksandr , Lysianskyi Pavlo , Voluiko Oleksii
Published: September 2023

The objective of the article was to identify new threats to the national security of countries and, at the same time, to determine the adaptation tasks related to their identification. The synergistic approach, comparative legal analysis methods and foresight were the main tools of this research. Manipulation actions involving deep forgeries are spreading rapidly. Autonomous weapons with artificial intelligence are used to create negative fake events. Criminal use of users’ smart devices to create a unique behavioural profile has been detected. New cyber threats to Ukraine’s national security during the military conflict are characterized by attempts to disrupt critical infrastructure. It is concluded that “cyber looting” has emerged with the use of social engineering methods. The activities of the Belgian Center for Cyber Security (CCB) are a positive example of the identification of new cyber threats in the countries of the European Union EU. Furthermore, CCB performs activities related to the identification, monitoring and analysis of online security issues. Coordination between relevant services and agencies, public authorities, private sector and academia is ensured.
Armed violence in the system of state image formation
Authors: Zablotskyi Volodymyr , Novoskoltseva Liudmyla , Mezhenska Olena , Khodko Fedir , Brynchak Stephanie
Published: September 2023

The purpose of the article was to analyze the impact of armed violence on shaping the image of democracy, the image of foreign policy and the image of information policy of Ukraine. In the context of Russia’s aggression against Ukraine, a real fact is the transformation of Ukraine’s image in the perception of the world during the processes of European integration. Methodologically, dialectical, systematic, structural-functional, institutional, conflictological, political-cultural and axiological approaches were used in the study. It is concluded that the definition of state image presents many variants, since each scholar interprets this concept according to his or her subjective experience. However, the study of the image of a state in the context of international relations makes it possible to assume that the image of a state may arise under the influence of spontaneous (unconscious) factors, armed violence, geopolitical position and other characteristics; as well as a result of the selective influence of the mass media. A positive image of the state is formed through the proper functioning of three components: internal image, foreign policy image and information image.
Mechanisms of strengthening the economic sovereignty of the state in the context of military operations
Authors: Bilousov Yevhen , Yakoviyk Ivan , Yefremova Kateryna , Novikov Eugene , Zhukov Ihor
Published: September 2023

The objective of the study was to determine the methodological aspects of the construction of mechanisms for strengthening economic sovereignty in the context of the processes of globalization and war. Comparative law and economic statistics were used in the study. The research found that economic security, which showed a significant decrease after a large-scale invasion, is the material expression of economic sovereignty. The Debt/GDP ratio reached 85% and gross external debt was 83% of GDP. Mechanisms for strengthening Ukraine's economic sovereignty and economic security were determined by analysing international experience. They included, in particular: improvement of the legal framework, development of emergency response mechanisms, development of international partnerships, strengthening of economic governance, balancing regional development. Reactive and proactive approaches to the development of response measures should be taken into account when introducing such mechanisms. The results of the study are of value to government representatives in terms of ensuring the economic security and economic sovereignty of the country. Further research can focus on identifying the main methods for forecasting threats to the economic sovereignty of the country.