bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formation of senior preschoolers’ cognitive activity and independence in the Maria Montessori pedagogical system
Authors:   Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Rudenskyi Rostyslav
Published: October 2024

The article notes that the 6–7 years of children’s life are basic and at the same time the most favourable period in the transition from visual to abstract thinking. The purpose of the article is to actualize and generalize the experience of forming cognitive activity and independence of senior preschool children in the pedagogical system of Maria Montessori. It is noted that the concept of M. Montessori is based on the following: a prepared environment, a prepared adult, a child as an autonomous subject of cognition, and the child’s individuality. The functions of the educator (according to V. Khromets) are characterized as follows: to assist, interest, objectify, and simplify. It was determined that the environment should stimulate cognitive activity and should be prepared in such a way that a child, according to Montessori, would assimilate the “idea of order”. The content of the definition of “cognitive enthusiasm” is determined – the ability of a preschool child to spontaneously react, learnm and remember objects and phenomena of the surrounding reality. M. Montessori called this ability the “absorbent mind” or “absorbing culture”. Methodical recommendations for the use of Montessori materials for the development of cognitive activity in accordance with the following principles are substantiated: materials provide for the possibility of controlling actions, preventing, and correcting mistakes; materials are grouped by educational subjects in activity centres; materials are arranged “from simple to more complicated”; materials are aesthetically pleasing, harmonious and visually structured. It has been determined that internal discipline is the basis of cognitive and subsequently educational self-discipline, which is a formative means of actively directed personality of senior preschooler. To summarize, cognitive independence is an element of the child’s general independence, which is based on natural cognitive powers and abilities, is formed in the space of functional freedom, is regulated by the internal mechanism of self-discipline, and is aimed at developing a self-motivated child capable of self-education. It is pointed out that teachers need to direct the educational process towards the development of the child’s desire to be independent in his/her actions, deeds, and behaviour. Thus, the Montessori approach is relevant in the context of the reformed preschool education content (2021), aimed at its implementation, and can be used by educators in the modern conditions of the educational process. Keywords: preschool education, senior preschool children, activity formation, cognitive activity, cognitive agency, cognitive independence, self-activity, M. Montessori’s concept, pedagogical system.
Prosopographic portrait of Anton Kuchta (1923–1994)
Authors:   Ivan Franko Lviv National University, Hertsyuk Dmytro
Published: October 2024

The article highlights the educational, scientific, public, and educational activities of Anton Kukhta (1923–1994), a well-known educator in the Lviv region in the second half of the twentieth century. It outlines the main stages of the educator’s professional advancement, namely his studying at Sambir Teachers’ Seminary and at the Faculty of History of Lviv University, his teaching and management activities in secondary education institutions, educational authorities of Lviv region, and at Lviv University. Anton Kukhta worked for many years as a teacher, a vice-principle, and a principal in several secondary schools. He was also elected a head of the local education department in Lviv region, where his talents as an innovative teacher, a skillful manager, and a leader of the educational environment were clearly revealed. His creative personality was manifested and developed while working in the positions of the director of Lviv Scientific and Pedagogical Library, and later as the head of Lviv Regional Institute for Advanced Teacher Training. The author of the article examines A. Kukhta’s contribution to the development of the theory and practice of pedagogical science, and emphasizes his scientific interest in the issues of students’ teaching and training, which reflected the general trend and increasing attention of contemporary scholars to the issues of higher education pedagogy and its identification as a separate field of pedagogical science. A special attention is paid to Kukhta’s research work in the field of moral education of student youth and the need for continuity in the formation of moral traits and qualities of a young person, his ideas on the professional training of future teaching staff with the emphasized need for consistent and purposeful search and selection of talented young people with the appropriate potential to master the teaching profession. Noteworthy is A. Kukhta’s research on the historical role of Lviv University in the development of education and science alongside its famous scientists and graduates who worked in various educational centers of Eastern Europe in the mid-eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The prosopographical portrait of A. Kukhta is enriched by his social, cultural, and educational work among educators and students. Keywords: Anton Kukhta, historical and pedagogical research, regional perspective, education of Lviv region, secondary school, Lviv University, Pedagogy of Higher Education, students’ moral education, teacher training.
Formation of pedagogical technique of future teachers
Authors:   Ivan Franko Lviv National University, Kalagurka Khrystyna , Kinakh Kateryna , Matkovskyi Mykhailo
Published: October 2024

The peculiarities of the formation of pedagogical techniques of future teachers have been investigated in the article. Based on the study of psychological and pedagogical literature, the essence of the concept “pedagogical technique” has been revealed. According to the purpose of use, internal (creating the internal experience of the individual, psychological adjustment of a teacher to future activity through the influence on the mind, will, and feelings) and external (embodiment of the inner feelings of a teacher in his/her bodily nature: facial expressions, voice, speech, movements, plasticity) techniques have been considered. The conditions for the formation of pedagogical techniques, such as motivation, development of creative abilities, acquiring primary experience of pedagogical activity, have been disclosed. Factors of influence on the effective formation of pedagogical techniques have been determined. Based on the empirical research (survey), the students’ interpretation of the phenomenon of pedagogical technique has been examined and a comparative analysis of the results of the survey of future teachers has been carried out. Methodological guidelines for future teachers concerning the improvement of pedagogical techniques have been proposed. They are divided into three groups: acquisition of theoretical knowledge (acquisition of professional knowledge at methodological, theoretical, methodical, technological levels; deepening of knowledge about pedagogical technique and psychological and pedagogical activity of a future teacher; formation of systematic knowledge about self-control and self-regulation; familiarization with new learning technologies), formation of practical skills and abilities (mastering methods and techniques of professional activity; developing professional thinking; gaining experience of public speaking at scientific conferences, pedagogical tournaments, roundtables, seminars; modeling cases for the development of pedagogical technique during seminars and practical classes), and systematic professional development (continuous professional development; self-prediction and identification of achieved goals; performing a critical analysis of own abilities using various tests; analysis of strengths and weaknesses of pedagogical technique during pedagogical practice, verification of foreign experience concerning the formation of pedagogical techniques of future teachers). Keywords: pedagogical technique, pedagogical skill, peculiarities and factors of the formation of pedagogical technique, methodological guidelines.
Yaşlılara Yönelik Sosyal Politika Uygulamaları Olarak Aktif Yaşlanma ve Gümüş Ekonomi Stratejilerinin Dünya ve Türkiye Perspektifinden Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Başaran Nurgül
Published: October 2024

Amaç – Dünyada ve Türkiye’de yaşlılık çeşitli veriler ışığında ortaya konularak, yaşlılara yönelik sosyal politikalar içerisinde yer alan aktif yaşlanma ve gümüş ekonomi stratejilerinin yakın gelecekte Türkiye’de yaşlılıkla ilgili meydana gelebilecek sorunların önlenmesindeki katkısı araştırılacaktır.
Yöntem – Çalışmada uluslararası ve ulusal kuruluşların raporlarından elde edilen ikincil veriler kullanılarak başta dünya ve Türkiye’nin yaşlılık projeksiyonu, nüfus artış hızı, yaşlı bağımlılık oranları, istihdam oranları ele alınmış, ardından aktif yaşlanma ve gümüş ekonomi stratejilerinin dünyadaki örneklerine yer verilmiştir.
Bulgular – Veriler göstermektedir ki, Türkiye’de de dünyadakine benzer şekilde ortalama yaşam süresi ve nüfus içerisindeki yaşlı nüfus oranı artmaktadır. Sosyal politika açısından bu gelişmeler, yaşlılara yönelik sosyal harcamaların payının artması ve sosyal güvenlik sistemlerine daha fazla yüklenilmesi anlamına gelmektedir.
Sonuç – Yaşlıların hem ekonomik hem sosyolojik açıdan daha aktif ve müreffeh bir konuma gelebilmesinde sosyal politika uygulamaları olarak aktif yaşlanma ve gümüş ekonomi stratejilerinin Türkiye’ye uyarlanması, yaşlılarla ilgili Türkiye’de yakın gelecekte oluşabilecek birçok sorunun önlenebilmesine katkı sağlayabilecektir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Sosyal Politika, Nüfus Projeksiyonları, Yaşlılık, Aktif Yaşlanma, Gümüş Ekonomi
JEL Kodları: I38, I39
Voicing the Border: On Some Spectral Essay Films
Authors: Rascaroli Laura
Published: October 2024

Giving prominence to the auditory nature of the border, this article argues for the importance of voice to the epistemological practices of border essay films. By engaging with three relevant case studies—Appunti del passaggio by Maria Iorio and Raphaël Cuomo (2014–2016), Spectres Are Haunting Europe by Maria Kourkouta and Niki Giannari (Fantasmata planiountai pano apo tin Evropi, 2016), and An Asian Ghost Story by Bo Wang (九龍東往事, 2022)—it carries out an acoustemology of spectral border essay films that, to cite Jacques Derrida, speak of the ghost to speak of justice. In so doing, it shows that, through an experimental use of voice, these films perform the border by making it audible. Their experimental approach to make the border “heard” subverts the standard relationship between sound and image in documentary cinema. Simultaneously, it de-forms and re-forms the essay film via postcolonial and feminist appropriations and spectral modifications of the essayist’s translocal, border-crossing voiceover.
“Hacer hablar”: operaciones de escucha en Autor material (2023) y Las cruces (2019)
Authors: Donoso Pinto Catalina , Osorio Fernández Javier
Published: October 2024

El presente trabajo examina una obra cinematográfica y una literaria –ambas de carácter documental–, que abordan hechos relacionados con violaciones a los derechos humanos durante la dictadura civil-militar chilena. Las cruces (2019), de Teresa Arredondo y Carlos Vázquez, es un film que pone en escena el expediente judicial sobre la matanza de Laja y San Rosendo, y Autor material (2023), de Matías Celedón, es una publicación que recompone fragmentos del archivo sonoro que uno de los integrantes del servicio de inteligencia grabó para una biblioteca para ciegos. Desde los ejes voz/archivo buscamos examinar cómo estas obras promueven un tipo particular de escucha, recogiendo la expresión “hacer hablar”, fuertemente asociada a las sesiones de tortura, con la intención de iluminar otras posibles acepciones en las que esta se propone reparar la violencia a través de la irrupción de un inconsciente aural.
Морфологія та морфометрія крові великої рогатої худоби української червоно-рябої молочної породи
Authors: Коломак І. О. , Сахненко С. Ю. , Кононенко Д. О. , Овчаренко Д. Ю.
Published: October 2024

Гематологічні дослідження є важливим елементом, що відображає фізіологічний стан тварин. Їх проводять з метою постановки діагнозу, особливо за прихованого перебігу інфекційних захворювань. Підрахунок лейкоцитарної формули широко використовується у діагностиці інфекційних патологій. Останні дані свідчать про принципову відмінність у співвідношенні формених елементів крові молодняку та дорослих особин, окремі дані відображають міжвидову та вікову відмінність. Інформація, щодо референтних діапазонів для гематологічних параметрів формених елементів крові української червоно-рябої молочної породи наразі має частковий характер. Тому, метою досліджень було визначити референтні показники лейкоцитарної формули та морфометричні показники крові корів української червоно-рябої молочної породи двох вікових груп та порівняти їх значення. Гематологічні дослідження здійснювалися на базі кафедри нормальної і патологічної анатомії та фізіології тварин Полтавського державного аграрного університету. Кров для досліджень відбирали від великої рогатої худоби української червоно-рябої молочної породи двох вікових груп (молодняк до 3-х місячного віку та корови віком від 3-х до 5-ти років), що належить ПП «Агроекологія». Дослідженнями встановлено, що у крові телят української червоно-рябої молочної породи у віці 3-х місяців за результатами дослідження лейкограми відсоток лімфоцитів є на 3,56 % вищим (Р<0,05) у порівняні з коровами віком від 3-х до 5-ти років. Поряд з тим, у крові корів від 3-х до 5-ти річного віку відсоток моноцитів виявився вищим на 20,3 % (Р<0,05) у порівнянні з молодняком телят у віці до 3-х місяців. Морфологічно у виготовлених мазках поряд з фізіологічно нормальними за формою й будовою еритроцитами та лейкоцитами виявлено й патологічні форми. Зокрема, у мазках виявлено патологічні форми еритроцитів. При цьому, у мазках, виготовлених з крові телят, виявлено такі патологічні форми еритроцитів як кодоцити та мішенеподібні форми еритроцитів. Натомість у мазках, виготовлених з крові корів, виялено лише кодоцити. Кількість кодоцитів у молодняку виявилася більшою (від 4-х, 5-ти до 9-ти екземплярів у полі зору мікроскопа) порівняно з дорослими тваринами. Визначено, що метрично, за показниками площі лімфоцити у молодняку виявилися вірогідно більшими на 9,01 % (Р<0,05) у порівняні з дорослими тваринами. Натомість моноцити і еозинофіли на 15,32 та 1,29 % (Р<0,05) виявилися за площею більшими у групі тварин віком від 3-х до 5-ти років.
Neural Network Compression and Knowledge Distillation: Tutorial and Survey
Authors: Ghojogh Benyamin , Ghodsi Ali
Published: October 2024

Large neural networks, such as large language models, cannot be easily implemented in edge devices and embedded systems, such as cell phones, because of limitations in memory storage and battery. Therefore, large neural networks need to be compressed. This tutorial and survey paper introduces the methods of neural network compression. Different categories of neural network compression, i.e., neural network pruning, weight sharing, compression by matrix decomposition, compression by quantization, and knowledge distillation, are explained. Knowledge distillation is explained with more details.
Beyond Games: Unspoken Challenges of Pre- Service Physical Education Teachers – A Pilot Study
Authors: Catama Bryan V. , Tejada Nelwyn L.
Published: October 2024

Studies on teacher preparation highlight the importance of practical experiences such as internships in adequately preparing pre-service teachers for the demands of the profession. However, there has been a lack of focus on the specific difficulties encountered by pre-service physical education (PE) teachers during internships. This study utilized qualitative methods to examine the specific obstacles encountered by eight pre-service physical education teachers while completing their internships at private secondary schools in the northern region of the Philippines. Through thematic analysis of weekly reflective journals, four main themes were identified: personal well-being and emotional strain, classroom management and student interactions, instructional practices and pedagogical challenges, and school environment and institutional factors. The results emphasize the importance of integrating well-being strategies into PE teacher education programs, improving PE-specific classroom management training, and promoting stronger partnerships between universities and schools to offer consistent support, resources, and practical experiences for future teachers navigating the complexities of the PE teaching environment. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the experiences of pre-service PE teachers and provide practical suggestions for enhancing teacher preparation and support systems.
Modeling value integration during decision making under uncertainty: The Florida-and-Georgia (FLAG) gambling task
Authors: Wang Shensheng , Wilson Robert , Ebner Natalie C. , Lighthall Nichole Renee
Published: October 2024

Humans frequently make decisions that involve repeated interactions under uncertain conditions in everyday life. A constellation of cognitive biases may drive such decisions. To investigate how these biases influence decision making by potentially altering how values are integrated across trials, we developed a novel paradigm—the Florida-And-Georgia (FLAG) gambling task. In the FLAG task, 170 young adult participants chose between a deck, which yields variable outcomes, and a sure-thing offer. This approach allows us to model value integration as influenced by both learning processes (e.g., primacy-recency bias) and key factors drawn from Prospect Theory, including sensitivity to outliers and loss aversion. Our findings reveal that individuals in their decision making underweight outliers for both gains and losses and are biased by recent outcomes, but we found no evidence of loss aversion. The FLAG task strives to strike a balance between ecological validity and experimental control, providing insights into the cognitive processes involved in decision making. In closing, we discuss future directions for the FLAG task and its potential societal and clinical applications.
Characterizing the Cognitive and Mental Health Benefits of Exercise and Video Game Playing: The Brain and Body Study.
Authors: Wild Conor J , Paleczny Sydni G. , Xue Alex , Highfield Roger , Owen Adrian M
Published: October 2024

Two of the most actively studied modifiable lifestyle factors, exercise and video gaming, are regularly touted as easy and effective ways to enhance brain function and/or protect it from age-related decline. However, some critical lingering questions and methodological inconsistencies leave it unclear what aspects of brain health are affected by exercise and video gaming, if any at all. In a global online study of over 1000 people, we collected data about participants' physical activity levels, time spent playing video games, mental health, and cognitive performance using tests of short-term memory, verbal abilities, and reasoning skills from the Creyos battery. The amount of regular physical activity was not significantly related to any measure of cognitive performance; however, more physical activity was associated with better mental health as indexed using the PHQ-2 and GAD-2 screeners for depression and anxiety. Conversely, we found that more time spent playing video games was associated with better cognitive performance but was unrelated to mental health. We conclude that exercise and video gaming have differential effects on the brain, which may help individuals tailor their lifestyle choices to promote mental and cognitive health, respectively, across the lifespan.
Remote autobiographical memories have wider spatial scales and are more context-rigid than recent memories
Authors: Matorina Nelly , Guliyev Javid , Wang Yilin , Barense Morgan
Published: October 2024

Memories are always encoded within an environmental context. Autobiographical memories, also known as memories of everyday life events, may be particularly connected to the environment in which they took place due to the incorporation of context into other memory features (e.g., people, activity, emotion). However, little is known about how the relationship between an autobiographical memory and its context changes throughout the course of memory consolidation. One theory proposes that during consolidation, autobiographical memories are decontextualized and integrated into existing memory networks. In line with this theory, we predicted that remote memories would be less context-dependent than recent memories. In the current study, 353 participants recalled two recent episodic (within last two weeks) and two remote episodic (1.5 – 2.5 years old) autobiographical memories. They were then tested on novel measures of context-dependency and memory integration. Contrary to our predictions, we found that remote memories were more context-dependent, such that they were more difficult to imagine in a new location and would be more changed if imagined in a new location. Additionally, the locations listed for remote memories had a wider spatial scale compared to recent memories. One explanation for these results might be that remote memories are more difficult to imagine in a new location due to their wider spatial scale. However, spatial scale did not mediate the relationship between age and context-dependency. We conclude that rather than a linear decrease in context-dependency, autobiographical memories that remain episodic both have wider spatial scales and are more context-dependent.
Adapting a web-based moral elevation intervention for veterans with PTSD using stakeholder perspectives
Authors: McGuire Adam P , Riera Alexander , Lascano Xrystyan
Published: October 2024

Background: Alternative, easily accessible treatment options are needed to aid efforts to addressthe negative effects of PTSD among veterans. One approach that has shown promise in a pilottrial is a moral elevation-based intervention titled, MOVED. Qualitative feedback from veteransin the pilot trial identified several strengths, but also highlighted opportunities to improve theintervention. In this adaptation phase, we incorporated feedback from pilot participants withinput from key stakeholders to inform adaptation decisions using the Model for AdaptationDesign and Impact (MADI) framework. In this paper, we outline the process and finaladaptations decisions in preparation for a future efficacy trial to assess the impact of MOVED ontargeted outcomes for veterans with PTSD.Method: We identified 10 stakeholders that included veterans, clinicians, and researchers whoparticipated in workgroup meetings to review 17 identified issues from the pilot and potentialadaptations to address those concerns. We used the MADI framework to guide workgroupmeeting discussions to determine what changes should be incorporated, including identifyingpotential negative outcomes for any adaptations and if they can be mitigated with other actions.Results: Stakeholders agreed with proposed adaptations for 15 of 17 issues and proposedmitigating measures for four of those adaptations to avoid anticipated negative outcomes. Twoproposed solutions were refuted and not selected for adaptation.Conclusions: Using the MADI framework with input from key stakeholders allowed us to makeinformed decisions about adaptations for MOVED, which has contributed to further treatmentdevelopment in preparation for a future efficacy trial.
Prehistoric numeracy: Approaches, assumptions, and issues
Authors: Overmann Karenleigh A.
Published: October 2024

Two approaches to prehistoric numeracy are analyzed and compared. The first uses traditional archaeological methods and criteria to examine and characterize marks on prehistoric artifacts for the purpose of assessing whether they were notations. The second uses a theoretical framework in which cognition is extended—meaning that material forms are a component of the mind—in order to understand the role of counting devices in numerical cognition. Each answers a different question: The traditional approach is concerned with understanding the intent and meaning of artifactual marks, while the extended approach focuses on how material forms contribute to numerical realization, explication, and elaboration. Both highlight ongoing issues in investigating prehistoric numeracy, which might benefit from a combined and expanded methodology.
Malignant transformation in mature cystic teratoma of ovary: Series of 4 cases
Authors: Gupta Aruna , Katoch Nandita , Shah Garima , Gupta Vikas , Verma Nikhil
Published: October 2024

Mature cystic teratoma is the most common benign ovarian tumour of germ cell origin. Malignant transformation is rare in mature cystic teratoma. Here we present a series of 4 cases showing malignant transformation in the form of squamous cell carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, and clear cell carcinoma in mature cystic teratoma. Our case series suggest that there should be suspicion of malignant transformation in mature cystic teratoma when they are present in perimenopausal and postmenopausal females.
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: A case report
Authors: Kansara Khevna , Parmar Zalak , Chaudhari Sanjay , Mulla Faruq , Inaniya Kailash
Published: October 2024

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia is a clonal stem cell disorder characterized by persistent monocytosis along with myelodysplasia and/or myeloproliferation. According to the World Health Organization 2016 4th edition, Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia is categorized as a myeloproliferative/myelodysplastic disorder and its diagnosis requires the presence of persistent monocytosis and dysplasia involving one or more myeloid cell lineages. Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia is a rare disease with a heterogeneous clinical presentation. Recent progress in the molecular and cellular pathogenesis of Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia has stirred a renewed interest in this clinically heterogeneous disorder. Herein, we report of case of Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia in a 70-years male patient.
Serological profile of voluntary blood donors in a blood bank of tertiary health care centre- An institution-based study
Authors: Bhateja Jyotsna , Tomar Rishabh , Kaushik Sanjay , Bhardwaj Aparna , Thakur Brijesh , Bhateja Jyotsna
Published: October 2024

Background: The safe transfusion of blood facilities is an essential component of an efficient, excellent healthcare sector. Unsafe blood transfusions can be a cause of transfusion-transmitted infections and can be lethal. The present study was conducted to find out the seroprevalence of HBsAg, HCV, HIV, malarial parasites, and syphilis in voluntary blood donors in a tertiary care center.
Materials and methods: This prospective study was conducted at the blood bank of the Shri Mahant Indiresh Hospital, Dehradun. 16413 samples from all blood donations were screened for HBsAg, HCV, HIV 1 and 2, malaria, and syphilis. Samples were collected in vacutainers at the time of blood donation and screened for HIV 1and2, HBsAg, and HCV using the fourth-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Syphilis was tested by Treponema antibodies using the VITROS Syphilis TPA Reagent Pack. Malaria was tested by pan malaria card, monoclonal anti-pan specific parasite lactate dehydrogenase antibody conjugated to colloidal gold, and another monoclonal anti-pan specific parasite lactate dehydrogenase antibody immobilized on a nitrocellulose strip in a thin line.
Results: Out of 16413 blood donors 342(2.1%) were found to be seropositive and 16071 (97.9%) were found to be seronegative. The total number of donors, who were found positive for HBsAg/Anti HCV was 1 (0.3%). Out of the seropositive cases, HBsAg, HCV, HIV, and Syphilis infections constituted 28.9%, 27.5, 14.6, and 28.7% cases respectively.
Conclusions: There is a need for the development and implementation of stringent donor selection and sensitive screening tests to reduce the risk of acquiring transfusion-transmitted illnesses.
Immunohistochemical expression of PD-L1 in esophageal carcinoma and its correlation with histopathological features
Authors: Saini Tarunpreet , Salwan Manisha
Published: October 2024

Background: Carcinoma of the esophagus poses a considerable medical and public health challenge in many parts of the world. Despite advances in screening and multimodal management of this disease, overall survival remains poor. There is an utmost need to find a marker for the establishment of targeted immunotherapy. One immunohistochemical marker that has surfaced with the advent of anti-PDL1 immunotherapy is PD-L1 which has been proven to be advantageous. This study aimed to determine PD-L1 expression and its correlation with the grade of tumor and other histopathological parameters in 50 patients.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 cases of histopathologically proven esophageal carcinoma. Antibody used for PD-L1 was rabbit monoclonal (CAL10) Biocare. PD-L1 expression was considered positive when a complete or partial membranous or cytoplasmic staining pattern was noted in more than 5% of tumor cells. Correlation between PD-L1 expression and clinicopathological parameters was calculated. Proper consent was taken. The findings of the study were statistically analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21.0, a statistical program for Microsoft Windows.
Results: This study revealed that PD-L1 positivity increases as the histopathological grade of esophageal squamous cells increases.
Conclusions: The expression of PD-L1 increases with grade and shows more positive expression in poorly differentiated tumors. This indicates that PD-L1 overexpression is associated with aggressive disease. Targeted therapy against PD-L1 may prove to be beneficial in such patients.
Bone marrow evaluation in a pediatric population with pancytopenia in a tertiary care children’s hospital of Nepal
Authors: Bhatta Uma , Rana Magar Sagar , Khanal Surendra
Published: October 2024

Background: Pancytopenia, which is characterized by a triad of anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, is frequently observed among the pediatric population. This study was carried out to determine the common etiologies of pancytopenia in children through bone marrow aspiration examination.
Materials and methods: A one-year retrospective cross-sectional study of 64 cases of pancytopenia in the pediatric population was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Kanti Children’s Hospital, from July 2019 to June 2020.
Results: 64 (35.55%) cases underwent bone marrow examination for pancytopenia. The patients' ages ranged from 4 months to 14 years, with a median age of 6.24±1.12 years. The majority of the patients fell into the age group of 1-5 years. The most common cause of pancytopenia was acute leukemia and hypoplastic bone marrow followed by erythroid hyperplasia, leishmaniasis, and megaloblastic anemia.
Conclusions: Bone marrow examination is the fundamental diagnostic modality to diagnose the majority of cases of pancytopenia. It is important to consider acute leukemia, hypoplastic bone marrow, and leishmaniasis into account when evaluating pancytopenia in pediatric patients.
Dual infection of maxillary sinus masquerading as a malignant lesion; A rare presentation
Authors: Chawla Nitika , Sheoran Tanu Priya , Agarwal Ruchi , Kaur Swaran , Pardeep
Published: October 2024

Primary sinonasal tuberculosis is a rare form of TB even in developing countries where TB is prevalent and invasive mycotic infection is more common in immunocompromised patients. It is unusual to have a dual infection with tuberculosis and mycosis in the maxillary region mimicking a neoplastic process and causing bone erosion. A 49-year old male presented with 2-year history of left-sided facial swelling. On microscopic examination, epithelioid cell granulomas, chronic inflammatory infiltrate, macrophages, giant cells, and focal necrosis were seen. Ziehl Neelsen staining for acid-fast bacilli with 20% H2SO4 was positive. Fungal hyphae were also seen in the sections examined. Special stains (Periodic acid-Schiff and Grocott’s methenamine silver stain) for fungal hyphae were positive. Mycosis and tuberculosis should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of maxillary lesions or sinusitis.
Endometrial pattern in women with abnormal uterine bleeding attending a tertiary care centre of Kathmandu
Authors: Paudel Deliya , Regmi Himanshu
Published: October 2024

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding is one of the most common problems among pre and postmenopausal women. Abnormal uterine bleeding is diagnosed when there is a substantial change in frequency, duration, or amountof bleeding during or between periodsin the absence of any organic pathology.  The study was perform to assess the endometrial causes of abnormal uterine bleeding and their incidence in different age groups.
Materials and methods: It was a cross sectional and descriptive study carried out at a Manmohan medical College & hospital, over a period of two year from 13th April, 2020 to 15th March, 2022. In the study all the endometrial tissue either obtained by endometrial curettage and biopsy or hysterectomy presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding for more than 3 months were included
Results: A total of 88 cases were received during this period, out of which there were 78 endometrial tissue samples and 10 hysterectomy specimens. The patient’s age ranged from 20 years to 73years. The pattern of endometrial biopsy are Proliferative (37.5%) and secretory (20.45%) phase endometrium is the most common pattern seen, followed by disordered proliferative endometrium (13.63%), endometrial hyperplasia without atypia (9.09%), Change consistent with Exogenous Hormone (5.68%), Chronic Endometritis (5.68%), Endometrial Polyp(3.40%), Endometrial Hyperplasia with Atypia(2.27%) and Endometrial Carcinoma (2.27%).
Conclusions: Patients with abnormal uterine bleeding show a varying spectrum of endometrial pattern. Cyclic endometrium is commonly seen in the reproductive age group whereas hyperplasia and carcinomas are seen in pre/postmenopausal age group. Endometrial biopsy with histopathological examination is a major diagnostic tool in the evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding.
Spectrum of renal diseases in the pediatric population of Nepal
Authors: Mainali Nirajan , Acharya Barsha , Phulara Ganesh
Published: October 2024

Background: The spectrum of renal diseases varies with different ethnic populations, geographical locations and environmental factors. In children, many signs of kidney disease are either hidden or mimic other systemic diseases. There is a need of identifying renal disorders at an early stage to retard the rapid progression. This study aims to identify the different histopathological spectrum of glomerular diseases in pediatric renal biopsies.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional prospective study undertaken at the Pathology Department at Pratham Pathology Laboratory, Lazimpat for 17 months duration (May 1ST - December 31ST 2023).  The final diagnosis was made by a pathologist after correlating the histopathological findings with immunofluorescence and other clinical and laboratory findings.
Results: A total of 97 pediatric patients’ renal biopsy specimens were evaluated. Patients’  age ranged from 0-16 years. The majority of patients were in the age group of 11-16 years (62.8%). The study showed slight female predominance with male to female ratio of 0.8:1. The most common glomerular disease was Lupus Nephritis with a frequency of 19 (19.6%). The most common cause for Rapid progressive Glomerulonephritis in the pediatric population was Post Infectious Glomerulonephritis with a frequency of 5 (50%).
Conclusions: The most commonly diagnosed glomerular disease in pediatric renal biopsies was Lupus Nephritis. The leading cause of Rapid Progressive Glomerulonephritis was Post Infectious Glomerulonephritis and Lupus was one of the leading causes of chronic kidney disease.
Direct immunofluorescence in bullous disorders: A mini-review
Authors: Pant Anil Dev
Published: October 2024

Background: Immunofluorescence microscopy is an invaluable tool for different lesions in dermatopathology.  These lesions include bullous lesions, vasculitis, and connective tissue disorders/systemic lupus erythematosus.  In this review, we take a look at bullous disorders. 
Some of these diagnoses are not possible on routine histopathology alone and require immunofluorescence for confirmation.  Different diseases can be diagnosed according to the immunoglobulins/complements, sites of deposition (dermo-epidermal / intercellular spaces / dermal), and their patterns (linear, granular).  Knowing the exact type of lesion can help guide treatment accordingly.
Literatura o tysiącu twarzy. Roczniki siedemdziesiąte w "Wypiskach ostatnich" Henryka Berezy
Authors: Libich Maciej
Published: October 2024

The article is an attempt to reconstruct, albeit partially, a group portrait of representatives of the 1970s generation of Polish writers that emerges from Henryk Bereza’s diary "Wypiski ostatnie". The author describes Bereza’s late diaries, discusses the critic’s views on literature – especially regarding the division between written and spoken language – and seeks to answer the question of whether Bereza’s notes provide grounds for a synthesis of the entire 1970s generation.
Niemożliwa polityczność projektu organicznego
Authors: Partyka Adam
Published: October 2024

In the article I argue against the thesis that the naturalization of aesthetics and anthropology – that is, the reduction of language, art and human subjectivity to their material substrate – is an adequate means to advance an emancipatory political project that can offer a rebuff to the disturbing phenomena of late postmodernity. I discuss this thesis by referring to the critical reception of Kacper Bartczak’s poetry, on the example of articles by Grzegorz Jankowicz, Anna Kałuża and Dawid Kujawa. I propose an outline of the naturalist stance present in these texts and identify some of the aesthetic means applied in Bartczak’s poetry volume "Naworadiowa" (2019) that correspond with it. I indicate potential links between naturalism and Richard Rorty’s neopragmatism and, citing the work of Walter Benn Michaels, point to the contradiction contained in the notion of naturalistic politics.
Bioautonomia a zawieszenie (między)gatunkowej wspólnotowości. "Pokarm suweren" Kacpra Bartczaka wobec filozofii suwerenności
Authors: Koniuszy Przemysław
Published: October 2024

The article, which is an analysis of Kacper Bartczak’s poetry collection "Pokarm suweren" ["Food Sovereign"], presents the characteristics of the title figures (food and sovereignty), their interdependence and their significance for the issues addressed by the poet. The interpretation is built against the background of the concept of sovereignty as understood by Carl Schmitt, Giorgio Agamben and Roberto Esposito. Readings of individual poems aim to demonstrate that Bartczak’s lyrical subjects, in the course of experience, attempt to approach a (neo)vitalism tailored to their world-feeling, and thus initiate the objective imperative of the power of biology, deriving this necessity from the idiomatically seen poetic language – a source of order located outside the system of technopolitics and arbitrary law, but deeply connected to life.
Chińsko-polski dialog kulturowy od XIII do początku XX wieku
Authors: Yinan Li
Published: October 2024

The cultural dialogue between Poland and China can be traced back to the 13th century, the time of Mongol invasions of Europe, and can also be linked to the activities of the missionary Benedict of Poland. Particularly important place should be attributed to the Jesuit Michał Boym and his fascination with learning about the life, customs, flora, fauna and medicine of China, as well as his sense of research and substantive scholarly preparation. Concurrently, Chinese researchers, historians and politicians spread knowledge about Poland in China by a number of historical and geographical studies about the world; at the same time, essayists and reformers drew practical knowledge from Polish historical fate and made their compatriots aware of the need to modernize China. Those first attempts to learn about both cultures had a significant impact on the contemporary cultural dialogue between Poland and China.
Mickiewicz poetą mściwym czy nauczającym przebaczenia? W poszukiwaniu „trzeciej drogi” przekładu interkulturowego na przykładzie "Zdań i uwag" Adama Mickiewicza
Authors: Zhang Tingting
Published: October 2024

The literature of Polish Romanticism, which Marta Piwińska called “a Renaissance of Christianity”, from the beginning of its presence in China has had a contrastingly different reception from that of Polish readers. This article offers a reading of Adam Mickiewicz’s "Zdania i uwagi. Z dzieł Jakuba Bema, Anioła Ślązaka (Angelus Silesus) i Sę-Martena" ["Sentences and Remarks. From the Works of Jakob Böhme, Angelus Silesius and Saint-Martin"], conducted so as to open up a space for reflection on a set of questions that are crucial to cross-cultural studies: Will cultural differences always impede intercultural translations and, by the same token, the reception of works originating from one tradition by readers from another? Is it possible to find a platform that would allow for a dialogue between an author rooted – often in a dialogical way – in the Christian Romantic tradition on the one hand and a reader brought up in the Confucian culture on the other? The aim of this article is to propose an answer to these questions.
Czy Tadeusz Miciński znał taoizm? O "Romansie Siedmiu Braci Śpiących w Chinach"
Authors: Jastrzębska Agnieszka Agata
Published: October 2024

The aim of this article is to examine how elements of Taoist philosophy are incorporated into Tadeusz Miciński’s one-act drama "The Ballad of the Seven Sleeping Brothers in China". Despite culturally syncretic references to Eastern philosophical systems, the author rarely referred to Chinese traditions of thought in his works. Published posthumously from manuscript, the ballad is therefore original in the context of Miciński’s oeuvre, both in terms of these references and its dramatic construction. It is interesting to note that the drama was written around 1910, the year when Polish translation of the Daodejing book was published under the title "Tao czyli Droga niebios czyli Doktryna najwyższego rozumu: (Lao-Tse i jego nauka)" ["Tao or the Path of Heaven or the Doctrine of the Supreme Reason: (Lao Tzu and His Teachings)"]. Taoism is one of the many aspects of the work that constitutes a reflection on the condition of the artist and evidence of Tadeusz Miciński’s exploration of Chinese religious-philosophical systems.
في القانون والعدالة: من الواقعية القانونية إلى القانون بوصفه تأويلًا
Authors: رينتورف جاكوب
Published: October 2024

تناقش هذه الدراسة نظرية التنبؤ من منظور أنّ العلم القانوني من حيث هو علم اجتماعي لا يمكنه اليوم أن يهرب من المسائل المعيارية للعدالة والأخلاق في تطبيق العدالة. ولا يمكن ببساطة رفض هذه المشكلات باعتبارها آراء غير علمية. وفي هذا السياق، سأقدم مناقشةً نقدية لواقعية ألف روس القانونية من جهة صلتها بنظريات العدالة الحديثة لدى هابرماس ورولز. سأعرض مرجعية نظرية التوقع في القانون. وبعد ذلك، أناقش نظرية التنبؤ لدى روس على نحو ما صاغها في كتابه في القانون والعدالة On Law and Justice، ثم أقدم بعض الاعتراضات على نظرية التنبؤ. وأنا أذهب إلى القول إنّه لا يكفي وصف القانون المعمول به، بل يجب استكماله باعتبارات معيارية وأخلاقية تتعلق بإمكان العمل بالمصادر القانونية وبالأساس القانوني للطريقة القانونية.
Comparative Study of the Use of Learning Modules and Learning Motivation on Integrated Science Learning Outcomes of Junior High School Students in Jember
Authors: Ahmad Robith Firdausi
Published: October 2024

The teacher as the main actor in learning is required to be able to provide meaning and understanding of each chapter studied. Teachers must be able to develop Integrated Science lessons in such a way that they can be challenging, impressive and excite students in learning. From this view, it can be concluded that to improve the cognitive and mental development of students optimally, the process of interaction and communication. The existence of an effective and good module must meet various existing criteria such as communicative, detailed, simple and straightforward, attractive layout, pictures, tables, graphs and other illustrations, concise and practical examples. Through the learning module media, integrated science material will be better presented and effectively support student learning success. This research uses a comparative quantitative approach. The sample in the study were seventh grade students with a total of 62 students in the jember district analysed using the independent T test. the conclusion of the study which states that there is no more dominant difference between the use of learning modules and learning motivation on student learning outcomes of integrated science subjects of class VIII junior high school students in jember
Transformative Dialogue
Authors: Neyman Roger , Wenninger Charlotte
Published: October 2024

The Bahá’í writings prescribe consultation “on all matters,” and specify not only the broad shape of the consultative process, but the prerequisite attitudes of those seeking to consult. But what is to be done when these prerequisites are lacking—when, for instance, people seem unable or unwilling to even understand each other? A similar challenge confronts public discourses, many of which appear fundamentally dysfunctional. In this paper, we canvass current research to identify elements of a process that can facilitate understanding among dialogue partners. The resulting “Transformative Dialogue,” which aims primarily at transforming relationships, can potentially lay the groundwork for true consultation. We argue that TD is a distinct mode of dialogue, embodying a recognizable set of precepts and processes, and can therefore be studied, systematically developed within local communities, and applied to specific problems within those communities.
Pemahaman Konsep Fisika Calon Guru Biologi Pada Topik Kinematika
Authors: Sarkity Dios , Sundari Putri Dwi
Published: October 2024

Physics is closely related to problem solving. To be able to solve the problem appropriately, it takes a good conceptual understanding to analyze the concepts underlying the problem and to determine the correct problem-solving procedure based on the condition of the problem. Poor conceptual understanding causes the inability of students to solve various physics problems. Kinematics is a fundamental concept in physics that is needed to understand other physics concepts. As a biology teacher candidate, a biology education student is required to master other science fields such as physics. Therefore, the authors tested the physics conceptual understanding of biology teacher candidates on the topic of kinematics. The purpose of this study was to determine the physics conceptual understanding possessed by biology teacher candidates on the topic of kinematics. This research was a descriptive study with data collection techniques using questionnaires in the form of essay questions to test students' conceptual understanding regarding distance and displacement, velocity and acceleration. The results showed that there were still problems for biology teacher candidates in understanding the concepts of distance, displacement, velocity and acceleration. Therefore, a lecture method is needed that can improve the physics conceptual understanding of biology teacher candidates through general physics courses.