bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scientific and educational vector of the social and human capital network component formation
Authors: Yarmak Olga , Strashko Ekaterina , Bolshakova Mariya , Deryugin Pavel , Yarmak Veronika
Published: October 2021

The authors raise the problem of the scientific and educational vector of the formation of the network component of social and human capital in Russian regions. The development of the network component is becoming one of the policy directions for the formation of the region’s human capital through the creation of certain network centres. The emerging network connections of world-class scientific and educational centres in Russian regions are analyzed, which create conditions for transforming the existing human potential of the territory into the human and social capital of the country. Based on the definition of social capital by P. Bourdieu and M. Paldam as a group resource for obtaining social connections, the authors analyze the process of forming network connections between the educational, scientific environment of the region, its business community and government bodies at the sites of world-class scientific and educational centres operating in Russia, which is the basis for the formation of the social capital of the territory. The conclusions of the study are to determine the structure of ties in the scientific and educational vector of social and human capital through the functioning of network RECs, which become interregional coordination structures for the scientific and educational space of the country.
Humanitarian component of the proactive education model in the age of global transformations
Authors: Arkhipova Nadezhda , Shakarenkov Pavel , Makolov Vasily
Published: October 2021

The article presents and substantiates the humanitarian component of the proactive education model in the context of global transformations given the influence of modern threats and challenges (technological, biogenic, socio-cultural, etc.). In the framework of Russia’s contemporary education policy, the authors present key elements of the humanitarian component of the model under survey (professional competences, ideological values, spiritual-patriotic and humanitarian-ecological components as well as digital competences and soft skills).
Recirculating carbon dioxide refrigeration unit for freezing food
Authors: Neverov Evgeniy , Korotkiy Igor , Prib Ilya
Published: October 2021

The article describes the development process of a refrigeration unit using carbon dioxide as a refrigerant. A feature of the plant is the possibility of recirculating carbon dioxide. The authors substantiate the use of the natural substance CO2 as a refrigerant and consider the prospects for using the refrigerant R744. The efficiency of the cycle of a one-stage subcritical refrigeration unit is analyzed. The authors have designed a recirculating carbon dioxide refrigeration unit based on the traditional subcritical cycle. The essential and auxiliary components of the refrigeration machine were presented and described. The developed scheme allows freezing food products by direct contact of the product with snow-like carbon dioxide. After that, the sublimation process takes place in the freezing chamber and the gas-liquid mixture is sent through the liquid separator for recirculation. The article describes the operation of the system diagram, the principle of operation, and the purpose of the elements of automation and regulation.
Modern biotechnology: search for an optimal model of legal regulation
Authors: Matytsin Denis , Kazachenok Olesya , Inshakova Agnessa
Published: October 2021

This chapter justifies the conclusion that GMO technologies as a form of biotechnology are the greatest technological breakthrough of our time. With the help of GMOs, it is possible to increase the yield, which al-lows not only to solve the problems of world food security, but also to pre-serve untouched lands from human impact (including through the creation of national parks or other types and forms of specially protected natural areas there). The use of GMO technologies reduces the use of pesticides and agrochemicals in agriculture. However, in conditions where the harm from GMO technologies and products not convincingly proven, the search for an optimal model for their use should continue. The authors note that the concept of sustainable development implies a balance of environmental, economic and social interests. Deviation from this balance in any direction entails a number of negative consequences for the entire society, both in terms of problems with the realization of the right to food, as well as in terms of environmental protection. In this situation, it seems appropriate not to ban GMOs absolutely (as in Russia), which means the uselessness of the law of the relevant state as a regulator of public relations. Considering the measures of state regulation of the use of GMO technologies and products, the authors focus on the prospects for the use of certification and labeling of GMO products, which in a number of BRICS and EAEU countries has already had a positive effect.
The use of antibiotics in food technology: the case study of products from Moscow stores
Authors: Erofeeva Viktoriya , Zakirova Yulia , Yablochnikov Sergey , Prys Evgeny , Prys Irina
Published: October 2021

The global threat of the 21st century is the uncontrolled use of antibiotics. Many bacteria have developed resistance to antibacterial drugs, resulting in drug-resistant superbugs. The article presents the results of the case study of Russian food products from the stores in the city of Moscow and analyzes them for the presence of antibiotics. The object of the study is the Russian market of animal products. The subject of the study is detecting the presence of antibiotics in food products on the Russian market. As a result of studying of the range of food products of animal origin, it has been revealed that the amount of harmful substances (such as antibiotics) meets the MPC standards, according to the Russian GOST standards. The research results obtained in laboratory conditions are of interest for assessing the prevalence of antibiotic residues in meat and dairy products. Based on the monitoring studies, it has been found out that most of the residual antibiotics were present in poultry meat. In all three samples, the antibiotic enrofloxacin was found but the MPC of the antibiotic was not exceeded (the norm is not more than 100 μg / kg).
Coccidian parasites in the endangered Forest Musk Deer (Moschus berezovskii) in China, with the description of six new species of Eimeria (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae)
Authors: Gao Yunyun , Duszynski Donald W. , Yuan Fulin , Hu Defu , Zhang Dong
Published: October 2021

We examined 674 fresh fecal samples from forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii Flerov) in Sichuan and Shaanxi Provinces, China, for coccidian oocysts and 65% were infected with Eimeria spp. Previously, only four Eimeria species were known from Moschus spp. Here we describe six new Eimeria species. Eimeria aquae n. sp., in 38% deer, has ovoidal oocysts, 32.0 × 23.0 μm, micropyle (M) and scattered polar granules (PGs) of various sizes are present, sometimes oocyst residuum (OR) is present; ovoidal sporocysts, 14.1 × 7.5 μm, with Stieda body (SB) and sporocyst residuum (SR). Eimeria dolichocystis n. sp., in 11% deer; cylindroidal oocysts, 36.6 × 18.9, with a M, 1 PG and OR; ovoidal sporocysts, 13.9 × 7.7, with SB and SR. Eimeria fengxianensis n. sp., in 7% deer; ovoidal oocysts, 36.3 × 25.2, a M and PGs present but OR absent; ovoidal sporocysts, 13.9 × 7.3, with SB and SR. Eimeria helini n. sp. in 24% deer; subspheroidal oocysts, 27.0 × 24.1, OR and PGs often present, but M absent; ovoidal sporocysts, 13.5 × 7.7, with SB and SR. Eimeria kaii n. sp. in 26% deer; ovoidal oocysts, 33.2 × 20.7, M and PGs present, but OR absent; ovoidal sporocysts, 14.4 × 7.5, with SB and SR. Eimeria oocylindrica n. sp., in 17% deer; cylindroidal oocysts, 36.0 × 21.4, M and 1-2 PGs present but OR absent; ovoidal sporocysts, 13.8 × 7.7, with SB and SR. Eimeria dujiangyanensis n. nom. is proposed to replace E. moschus Sha, Zhang, Cai, Wang & Liu, 1994, a junior homonym of E. moschus Matschoulsky, 1947.
Was hätten Sie denn gern? – Betriebliche Sozialleistungen
Authors: von Eisenhart Rothe Anna
Published: October 2021

Kleine Freuden können die Zufriedenheit und Motivation Ihrer Mitarbeitenden deutlich steigern. Als Praxisinhaber*in haben Sie viele Möglichkeiten, über das Gehalt hinaus Ihre Wertschätzung auszudrücken.
Offener thorakaler und thorakoabdominaler Aortenersatz vs. f/b(T)EVAR
– komplementär oder kompetitiv?
Authors: Busch Albert , Wolk Steffen , Lutz Brigitta , Zimmermann Carolin , Ankudinov Miroslav , Klenk David , Ehehalt Florian , Rössel Thomas , Ludwig Stefan , Reeps Christian
Published: October 2021

Der offen-chirurgische thorakale und thorakoabdominelle Aortenersatz (open
repair, OR) bei Aneurysmen oder Dissektionen hat in der aktuellen
Versorgungsrealität im Vergleich zur endovaskulären Versorgung mit einfachen und
speziellen Stentprothesen (fenestrated/branched [thoracic] endovascular aortic
repair, f/b[T]EVAR) eine deutlich untergeordnete Rolle. Zudem besteht die
Notwendigkeit einer hohen technischen Expertise und eines umfangreichen
operativen Settings, um ein OR sicher anbieten zu können.

Zu Reduktion der spezifischen Komplikationen, wie z. B. perioperative Mortalität,
permanente Dialysepflichtigkeit, spinale Ischämie, Schlaganfall oder
Mesenterialischämie, ist ein hohes Maß an intraoperativer Protektion, z. B.
mittels Liquordrainage, Point-of-Care-Gerinnungstherapie, distaler oder
selektiver Aortenperfusion im Sinne eines temporären Linksherzbypasses und
sequenziellem Clamping der Aorta erforderlich. Trotz der Dominanz der
endovaskulären Therapie ist diese Expertise aber weiterhin nötig, um spezifische
Indikationen, wie beispielsweise junges Patientenalter oder
Bindegewebserkrankungen bzw. Protheseninfektionen, sicher versorgen zu können.
Zusätzlich ist nicht jedes Aneurysma oder jede Dissektion anatomisch langfristig
sicher mit einer endovaskulären Behandlung zu therapieren.

Die aktuelle Evidenzlage sieht einen geringen, meist nicht statistisch
signifikanten Vorteil von TEVAR und f/bEVAR versus OR bei den wichtigsten kurz-
und mittelfristigen Ergebnisparametern, bei deutlich geringerer Invasivität und
verkürzter Krankenhausliegedauer. Im langfristigen Verlauf sind die Ergebnisse
bezüglich Gesamtüberleben und Re-Interventionsraten bzw. sekundärer
Komplikationen bei OR deutlich besser.

Der offene thorakoabdominelle Aortenersatz ist also nach wie vor mehr als ein
exklusives Hobby, sondern vielmehr eine absolute Notwendigkeit im Gesamtspektrum
der aortalen Chirurgie, dessen Bedeutung in den nächsten Jahren mutmaßlich
wieder zunimmt.
Multiple Congenital Ocular Anomalies in a silver coat Missouri Fox Trotter stallion
Authors: Herb Verena Maria , Zehetner Verena , Blohm Klaas-Ole
Published: October 2021

This is the first description of Multiple Congenital Ocular Anomalies (MCOA) in a silver coat Missouri Fox Trotter determined to be heterozygous for the Silver PMEL17 missense mutation associated with MCOA and a silver coat in other breeds. The stallion was treated for meningoencephalitis and bilateral uveitis of unknown origin. A complete ophthalmic examination and ocular ultrasonography were performed. As an incidental finding, the patient exhibited bilateral cystic lesions restricted to the temporal anterior uvea consistent with the Cyst phenotype and was genotyped heterozygous for the Silver mutation. Additionally, 4 other non-silver colored Missouri Fox Trotters were genotyped homozygous for the wild-type allele. Screening for PMEL17 mutation in Missouri Fox Trotters accompanied by ophthalmic phenotype characterization is recommended to determine the allelic frequency and facilitate informed breeding decisions since the silver coat color is particularly popular.
Debatte infrarenales AAA bei jüngeren Patienten („fit for open repair“): Der offene Aortenersatz ist sicher und hat ein besseres Langzeitergebnis
Authors: Dorweiler Bernhard , Mylonas Spyridon , Salem Oroa
Published: October 2021

Die endovaskuläre Aneurysmatherapie, initial als Behandlungsverfahren für diejenigen Patienten eingeführt, die ein prohibitives Risiko für den offenen Aortenersatz vorwiesen, hat sich nach technischer Evolution zu einer sicheren und letztendlich präferierten Behandlungsmodalität des Bauchaortenaneurysmas für alle Patienten entwickelt. Die Spätanalysen der prospektiv-randomisierten Studien zur endovaskulären Behandlung belegen allerdings eine eingeschränkte Ergebnisqualität gegenüber der offenen Operation durch erhöhte Sterblichkeit und Reinterventionsrate im Langzeitverlauf (8 Jahre). Die offen-chirurgische Behandlung des infrarenalen Bauchaortenaneurysmas kann eine Erfahrung im klinischen Einsatz von 7 Dekaden vorweisen und erzielt gerade bei jüngeren Patienten mit niedrigem operativem Risiko exzellente Ergebnisse. Faktoren wie Narbenbrüche, erektile Dysfunktion oder reduzierte Lebensqualität, die meist als spezifischer Nachteil der offenen Operation angeführt werden,
können wirksam verhindert werden (Netzimplantation) bzw. zeigen in neueren Metaanalysen keinen Unterschied zur endovaskulären Therapie. Der individuellen Beurteilung des Patienten sowie seines operativen Risikos anhand validierter Parameter kommt damit eine zentrale Bedeutung in der Weichenstellung zwischen den beiden Behandlungsverfahren zu, die im Falle von niedrigem Alter und Komorbiditätsprofil, großem Aneurysma sowie ggf. vorhandener atoper Nierenarterien bzw. dominanter A. mesenterica inferior eine Empfehlung für die offene Operation favorisieren sollte.
Does Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest for Aortic Surgery Trigger Near-Death Experience? Incidence of Near-Death Experiences after Aortic Surgeries Performed under Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest
Authors: Mauduit Marion , Anselmi Amedeo , Tomasi Jacques , Belhaj Soulami Reda , Le Bars Florent , Flecher Erwan , Verhoye Jean-Philippe
Published: October 2021

Background Understanding near-death experiences (NDE) could provide a new insight into the analysis of human consciousness and the neurocognitive processes happening upon the approach of death. With a temporary interruption of systemic perfusion, aortic surgery under hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) may be the only available model of reversible clinical death. We present, herein, the results of an observational study designed to assess the incidence of NDE after aortic surgery.

Methods We performed a prospective study including consecutive patients who underwent thoracic aortic surgery between July 2018 and September 2019 at our institution. Procedures without HCA were included to constitute a control group. The primary outcome was the incidence of NDE assessed with the Greyson NDE scale during the immediate postoperative course, via a standardized interview of the patients in the surgical ward.

Results One hundred and one patients were included. Twenty-one patients (20.8%) underwent nonelective interventions for aortic dissection. Ninety-one patients had hemiarch replacement (90.1%). Sixty-seven (66.3%) interventions were performed with HCA, with an average circulatory arrest duration of 26.9 ± 25.5 minutes, and a mean body temperature of 23.7 ± 3.8°C. None of the patients reported any recollection from their period of unconsciousness. There was no NDE experiencer in the study cohort.

Conclusion Several confounding factors regarding anesthesia, or NDE evaluation, might have impaired the chance of NDE recollections, and might have contributed to this negative result. Whether HCA may trigger NDE remains unknown.
A Case of Pott's Puffy Tumor from Odontogenic Source
Authors: Merrill Tyler , Davis Kyle , Gardner James Reed , Kanaan Alissa
Published: October 2021

Pott's puffy tumor (PPT) is a known complication of frontal sinusitis. Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis can seldomly spread to involve the frontal sinus but has not been implicated in the development of PPT. Herein, we describe a case of frontal sinusitis originating from an odontogenic source and culminating in PPT.
Treatment of Class II Malocclusion With Removable Functional Appliances: A Narrative Review
Authors: Hirji Saima Nizar , Qamruddin Irfan , Mudassar Muhammad Adeel , Khurshid Zohaib , Alam Mohammad Khursheed
Published: October 2021

Around half of all malocclusions that need orthodontic treatment are Class II in nature. Patients with Class II malocclusion primarily seek treatment for aesthetic improvement. Most of the skeletal class II malocclusions are because of mandibular deficiency, and can be best treated during the growing phase of development by removable functional appliances. The objective of this review is to evaluate and compare skeletal and dentoalveolar effects of various removable functional appliances in the treatment of class II malocclusion. Manual and electronic databases were searched, and out of 5,711 articles, 221 abstracts were shortlisted and reviewed. A total of 19 articles that fulfilled the selection criteria was then retrieved and analyzed. A significant increase in mandibular length and dentoalveolar effects with an increase in vertical dimension in a short time was observed with Twin-Block appliance treatment, followed by Bionator appliance treatment. The long-term stability of results achieved with Twin-Block appliance treatment is still questionable. In addition, Frankel appliance treatment effects are more skeletal in nature, with better control in the vertical dimension. However, it takes a more extended treatment duration to produce similar effects. Based on available evidence, we are convinced that removable functional appliances are valuable tools for correction of the Class II malocclusion at a growing age with a horizontal growth pattern.
The Lip Repositioning Surgery: A Review of the Technique's Evolution
Authors: Gonzales-Medina Kelly , Mendoza-Geng Andrea , Vergara-Buenaventura Andrea
Published: October 2021

The lip repositioning technique (LRT) is considered a safe and predictable gummy smile (GS) treatment. However, since Rubinstein and Kostianovsky introduced it in 1973, it has undergone several modifications. This article aims to review and provide a historical compilation of LRT evolution to help clinicians understand each technique's description and the rationale for its modifications to treat GS.

An electronic search was performed in Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane Library up to May 2021 including the terms “lip repositioning,” “lip repositioning technique,” or “lip repositioning surgery” and studies evaluating or discussing the original LRT's modifications in detail. The search had no language or time restrictions. Additionally, a hand-searching of references of all included articles was performed.

Modifications described in the literature include muscle severance, subperiosteal dissection of the gingiva, frenectomies, and the use of adjuvant products. They aim to minimize relapse, morbidity, and improve stability. Discomfort, scar formation, and pain were the most frequent complications reported. The choice to use a modification should be analyzed and customized to the individual patient's needs.
Effects of verbal instruction vs. modelling on imitation and overimitation
Authors: Papa Aliki , Cristea Mioara , McGuigan Nicola , Tamariz Monica
Published: October 2021

Human culture is the result of a unique cumulative evolutionary process. Despite the importance of culture for our species the social transmission mechanisms underlying this process are still not fully understood. In particular, the role of language—another unique human behaviour—in social transmission is under-explored. In this first direct, systematic comparison of demonstration vs. language-based social learning, we ran transmission chains of participants (6- to 8-year-old children and adults from Cyprus) who attempted to extract a reward from a puzzle box after either watching a model demonstrate an action sequence or after listening to verbal instructions describing the action sequence. The initial seeded sequences included causally relevant and irrelevant actions allowing us to measure transmission fidelity and the accumulation of beneficial modifications through the lens of a subtractive ratchet effect. Overall, we found that, compared to demonstration, verbal instruction specifically enhanced the faithful transmission of causally irrelevant actions (overimitation) in children, but not in adults. Cumulative cultural evolution requires the faithful transmission of sophisticated, complex behaviour whose function may not be obvious. This indicates that, by supporting the retention of actions that appear to lack a causal function specifically by children, language may play a supportive role in cumulative cultural evolution.
Short-term high-fat feeding exacerbates degeneration in retinitis pigmentosa by promoting retinal oxidative stress and inflammation
Authors: Kutsyr Oksana , Noailles Agustina , Martínez-Gil Natalia , Maestre-Carballa Lucía , Martinez-Garcia Manuel , Maneu Victoria , Cuenca Nicolás , Lax Pedro
Published: October 2021

Significance

The retina is considered a window to the brain, and retinal degenerative diseases involve the same mechanisms as those of other neurodegenerative disorders. Neuronal degeneration is a complex process involving environmental stress, which can affect vulnerable neurons. High-fat diet–induced metabolic alterations may influence retinal homeostasis and exacerbate retinal degenerative diseases. This study provides evidence that short-term high-fat feeding promotes glucose intolerance, gut microbiome dysbiosis, retinal oxidative stress, and inflammation and accelerates the pathologic processes in retinal disease.
When in parliamentary debate there is no debate
Authors: Rubio-Carbonero Gema , Franco-Guillén Núria
Published: October 2021

On the 1st October 2017 an independence referendum was organised in Catalonia. The aim of this paper is to analyse the
nature of the political debate going on in the Catalan Parliament during the whole process by focusing on the kind of argumentation
strategies that were used by each of the leanings to legitimise their political decisions. We do that relying on a methodological
distinction that differentiates between sound argumentation and fallacious argumentation. By using a Critical Discourse Analysis approach,
this study offers a wide picture of the kind of argumentation used by the main political actors involved in the process of decision making
in Catalonia. The results show that there is more emphasis in antagonising with the others, than engaging in sound argument exchange that
could facilitate minimal points of consensus. Such results may help explain why the Catalan conflict is still unsolved at the political
level.
Effects of zirconium addition on microstructures and thermal conductivities of carbon/copper composites
Authors: Oku Takeo , Oku Tatsuo
Published: October 2021

Carbon (C)/copper (Cu)-based materials with high thermal conductivity and good stability at high temperatures were developed by adding a small amount of zirconium, which has a low enthalpy of alloy formation with C and Cu. The felt-type C/C composites, which were impregnated by Cu and zirconium, provided 1.4 times higher thermal conductivity at 1300 K than that of the original carbon materials. Microstructural analysis showed that the increase of thermal conductivity is due to the formation of zirconium compounds at the C/Cu interface. These carbon-based materials could be one of the candidate materials for the plasma-facing components of the fusion devices.
Effects of processing parameters on the fracture behaviour of cold roll bonded and accumulative roll bonded Al–Cu lamellar composites
Authors: Yousefi Mehr Vahid , Rezaeian Ahmad , Toroghinejad Mohammad Reza
Published: October 2021

Al–Cu composites were fabricated by cold roll bonding (CRB) and accumulative roll bonding (ARB) processes. The effects of different parameters were investigated on the failure mechanism of the composites. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an optical microscope (OM) were used to characterise the microstructures of the resulting composites. The peeled surfaces of the CRBed material revealed that micro-cracks were formed almost perpendicular to the rolling direction and caused the premature failure of the bonding during the peeling test. Also, tensile, microhardness and shear punch tests were conducted on the Al–Cu composites produced under different conditions. Failure analysis of the non-heat-treated composites revealed that the layers separated from the middle of ARBed specimens. However, these centre-line separations were alleviated in composites subjected to heat treatment, even though the initiation of inter-lamellar micro-cracks were observed due to the formation of intermetallic compounds for heat-treated specimens.
Development of corrosion-resistant Ni–Mo coatings from low-concentration bath: Effect of magnetoconvection
Authors: Gonsalves Cindrella N. , Hegde A. Chitharanjan
Published: October 2021

The phenomenon of magnetoconvection has been used effectively to improve the corrosion protection efficacy of Ni–Mo coatings from a low-concentration bath. Experimental studies demonstrated that magnetoelectrodeposited (MED) coatings developed under parallel (||) and perpendicular (⊥) magnetic field ( B) are, respectively, about 4 and 7 times more corrosion resistant than electrodeposited (ED) alloy coatings, developed from the same bath. Properties of MED alloy coatings have been analysed by FESEM-EDS and XRD studies. An attempt has been made to understand changed properties of MED⊥(Ni–Mo) coatings considering B controlled diffusion of Ni2+ ions, and magnetic field-controlled limiting current density ( iL) of metal ions in the bath. Ni–Mo coating of high corrosion resistance were developed from a low-concentration bath by proper manipulation of iL using induced B.
Unravelling the phonon scattering mechanism in half-Heusler alloys ZrCo1−
x
Ir
x
Sb (x
= 0, 0.1 and 0.25)
Authors: Yadav Kavita , Singh Saurabh , Muthuswamy Omprakash , Takeuchi Tsunehiro , Mukherjee K
Published: October 2021

Insight about the scattering mechanisms responsible for reduction in the lattice thermal conductivity (κ
L) in half-Heusler alloys (HHA) is imperative. In this context, we have thoroughly investigated the temperature response of thermal conductivity of ZrCo1−x
Ir
x
Sb (x = 0, 0.1 and 0.25). For ZrCoSb, κ
L is found to be ∼15.13 W m−1 K−1 at 300 K, which is drastically reduced to ∼4.37 W m−1 K−1 in ZrCo0.9Ir0.1Sb. This observed reduction is ascribed to softening of acoustic phonon modes and point defect scattering, on substitution of heavier mass. However, no further reduction in κ
L is observed in ZrCo0.75Ir0.25Sb, because of identical scattering parameter. This has been elucidated based on the Klemen’s Callaway model. Also, in the parent alloy, phonon–phonon scattering mechanism plays a significant role in heat conduction process, whereas in Ir substituted alloys, point defect scattering (below 500 K) and phonon–phonon scattering (above 750 K) are the dominant scattering mechanisms. The minimum κ
L is found to be ∼1.73 W m−1 K−1 (at 950 K) in ZrCo0.9Ir0.1Sb, which is the lowest reported value till now, for n-type Zr based HHA. Our studies indicate that partial substitution of heavier mass element Ir at Co-site effectively reduces the κ
L of n-type ZrCoSb, without modifying the nature of charge carriers.
3D nitrogen-doped graphene created by the secondary intercalation of ethanol with enhanced specific capacity
Authors: Fu Haiyang , Gao Bo , Hu Chenglong , Liu Zhuang , Hu Liang , Kan Jiawen , Feng Zhongbao , Xing Pengfei
Published: October 2021

Here, we report an improved synthesis strategy for 3D nitrogen-doped graphene to increase the specific capacity of supercapacitors. Ethanol replaces the strong oxidant hydrogen peroxide in the improved Hummers method, and the loose porous structure is conducive to charge transfer. N-doped porous 3D graphene was synthesized from RGO-C prepared by ethanol secondary intercalation modification of functional groups. Ammonia was selected as the dopant; the microstructure and electrochemical performance of samples synthesized at different temperatures were examined. The results demonstrate that the 3D nitrogen-doped graphene (N-RGO-5) had a layered tuple shape with a sheet thickness of 0.612 nm.The specific surface area of the 3D N-RGO-5, which was prepared at 190°C, was 258.371 m2 g−1, which was higher than that (5.877 m2 g−1) of the original graphite. The 3D N-RGO-5 exhibited a specific capacitance of 236 F g−1 and an energy density of 32.78 Wh kg−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, which is 27% higher than the specific capacitance of RGO. The 3D N-RGO-5 demonstrated an excellent capacity retention rate of 93.6% after 5000 cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1. This study demonstrates that the unique 3D structure and N-doping of N-RGO considerably improved the overall energy storage performance of graphene-based nanomaterials.
Mist chemical vapor deposition of crystalline MoS2 atomic layer films using sequential mist supply mode and its application in field-effect transistors
Authors: Kuddus Abdul , Rajib Arifuzzaman , Yokoyama Kojun , Shida Tomohiro , Ueno Keiji , Shirai Hajime
Published: October 2021

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) mono/bilayer have been systematically investigated using atmospheric-pressure mist chemical vapor deposition (mist CVD) from (NH4)2MoS4 dissolved in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as a precursor. Film deposition was performed by alternating MoS2 mist storage within a closed chamber and mist exhaust, i.e. sequential mist supply mode at different furnace temperatures, storage times of precursor, and repetition cycles of mist supply on thermally grown SiO2 (th-SiO2) and mist-CVD grown Al1−x
Ti
x
O
y
(ATO) layers coated on p+-Si substrates. The average size of the MoS2 flake and their number of stack layers could be controlled by tuning the deposition parameters combined with substrate pretreatment. Field-effect transistors with MoS2 atomic mono/bilayer as a channel layer exhibited mobility up to 31–40 (43–55) cm2 V−1 s−1 with a threshold voltage of −1.6 (−0.5) V, subthreshold slope of 0.8 (0.11) V dec.−1, and on/off ratio of 3.2 × 104 (3.6 × 105) on th-SiO2 (ATO) layers as gate dielectric layers without mechanical exfoliation. These findings imply that mist CVD is available for the synthesis of metal transition metal dichalcogenide and metal oxide layers as channel and gate dielectric layers, respectively.
Morphological, electronic, and magnetic properties of multicomponent cobalt oxide nanoparticles synthesized by high temperature arc plasma
Authors: Das Arkaprava , Balasubramanian C , Orpe Prachi , Pugliese Gian Marco , Puri Alessandro , Marcelli Augusto , Saini Naurang L
Published: October 2021

Many technological applications demand large amount of nanoparticles with well-defined properties, which is feasible only by using large-scale production methods. In this framework, we have performed structural and local geometric investigations of cobalt oxide nanoparticles synthesized by high temperature arc plasma route in helium and in air atmosphere with different arc currents, a competitive and low cost technological approach to synthesize large quantity of different types of nanoparticles. The complex scenario of phase fraction, shape, size distribution and hysteresis loop features of high temperature arc plasma synthesis of nanoparticles can be determined by the arc current and the selected gas. X-ray diffraction patterns reveal a multicomponent phase formation containing cubic cobaltous oxide (CoO), cobaltic oxide (Co3O4) and metallic cobalt phases. The synthesis of different phases is confirmed by x-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements at the Co K-edge. Both extended x-ray absorption fine structure and x-ray absorption near edge structure analyses show the presence of metallic nanoparticles in He ambient at high arc current. Moreover, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images and magnetic hysteresis loop measurements show that the mean particle size increases and the coercivity decreases with increasing arc current in air ambient due to the intense particle–particle interaction. At variance, in He ambient synthesized samples due to the high quenching rate and the high thermal conductivity, a multi-domain formation in which the nanoparticles’ crystalline fraction decreases and a fluctuating coercivity due to core–shell structure is observed.
Positive column dynamics of a low-current atmospheric pressure discharge in flowing argon
Authors: Savkin K P , Oks E M , Sorokin D A , Yushkov A Yu , Yushkov G Yu , Sintsov S V , Vodopyanov A V
Published: October 2021

We present the results of studies of a cold-plasma atmospheric pressure discharge in argon flow, in both DC and pulse-periodic modes. The burning voltage and the discharge current were 200 V and 15 mA in continuous mode; in pulse-periodic mode the voltage was 220 V and the current 15 mA for a pulse repetition rate of 100 kHz. Special attention was given to the positive column dynamics during the discharge stages of initiation, burning, and extinction. The main method of investigation employed optical diagnostics of the plasma in the visible range with high time resolution. The positive discharge column is shown to be a constricted current channel in the form of an elongated loop. In continuous mode, the length of the positive column, from anode attachment to inflection point outside the discharge system, is several millimeters. In pulsed mode, the positive column is an unsteady plasma formation, the length of which increases at about 4 m s−1, and reaches the same dimension over a time of order 1 ms. We find that the positive column plasma includes hydroxyl molecules OH, nitrogen N2, and atomic oxygen O I, along with atoms of the working gas argon. Observation of the time evolution of the optical emission from the plasma-forming gas shows that the plasma glow of the positive column is mainly determined by argon Ar I radiation, with maximum intensity at the trailing edge of the current pulse.
Simulation method for investigating the use of transition-edge sensors as spectroscopic electron detectors
Authors: Patel K M , Withington S , Thomas C N , Goldie D J , Shard A G
Published: October 2021

Transition-edge sensors (TESs) are capable of highly accurate single particle energy measurement. TESs have been used for a wide range of photon detection applications, particularly in astronomy, but very little consideration has been given to their capabilities as electron calorimeters. Existing electron spectrometers require electron filtering optics to achieve energy discrimination, but this step discards the vast majority of electrons entering the instrument. TESs require no such energy filtering, meaning they could provide orders of magnitude improvement in measurement rate. To investigate the capabilities of TESs in electron spectroscopy, a simulation pipeline has been devised. The pipeline allows the results of a simulated experiment to be compared with the actual spectrum of the incident beam, thereby allowing measurement accuracy and efficiency to be studied. Using Fisher information, the energy resolution of the simulated detectors was also calculated, allowing the intrinsic limitations of the detector to be separated from the specific data analysis method used. The simulation platform has been used to compare the performance of TESs with existing x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysers. TESs cannot match the energy resolution of XPS analysers for high-precision measurements but have comparable or better resolutions for high count rate applications. The measurement rate of a typical XPS analyser can be matched by an array of ten TESs with 120

μ

s

response times and there is significant scope for improvement, without compromising energy resolution, by increasing array size.
A dual-beam lens-free slot-array antenna coupled high-T
c superconducting fundamental mixer at the W-band
Authors: Gao Xiang , Zhang Ting , Du Jia , An Jianping , Bu Xiangyuan , Guo Jay
Published: October 2021

This paper presents a W-band high-T
c superconducting (HTS) Josephson-junction fundamental mixer which is coupled using a dual-beam lens-free slot-array antenna. The antenna features a uniplanar six-element slot array fed by an ungrounded coplanar waveguide line, of which each element is a long slot loaded by four rectangular loops. Highly directional radiation is therefore realized by utilizing the long slots and array synthesis to form a relatively large antenna aperture. The antenna also enables asymmetric dual-beam radiation in opposite directions, which not only reduces the RF coupling losses but greatly facilitates the quasi-optics design for the integration of the HTS mixer into a cryocooler. The electromagnetic simulations show that a coupling efficiency as high as −2.2 dB, a realized gain of 13 dB and a front-to-back ratio of 10 dB are achieved at the frequency of 84 GHz. Using this on-chip antenna, a W-band HTS fundamental mixer module is experimentally developed and characterized for different operating temperatures. The measured conversion gain is −10 dB at 20 K and −14.6 dB at 40 K, respectively. The mixer noise temperature is predicted to be around 780 K at 20 K and 1600 K at 40 K, respectively. It is also analyzed that the mixer performance can be further improved if the Josephson junction parameters were optimized.
Width-bending characteristic of REBCO HTS tape and flat-tape Rutherford-type cabling
Authors: Takayasu Makoto
Published: October 2021

The width-bending behaviors for a rare earth barium copper oxide (REBCO) high-temperature superconducting (HTS) tape have been investigated. It has been found experimentally that the width-bending strain of a Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide (YBCO) tape does not degrade the critical current as much as is expected from the axial strain. The critical current is not directly affected by the width-bending strain but by the axial strain, which the width-bending strain generates by the Poisson effect. Since Poisson’s ratio is about 0.3, the axial strain effective on the critical current is about 30% of the width-bending strain. Therefore, the width-bending strain of even 1.5% degrades the critical current by only 15% if the REBCO layer side is bent inward. However, the critical current degraded by more than 70% when the REBCO layer is outward. The width-bending effects on the critical current have been further examined, considering Poisson’s ratio changes and the neutral plane shift of the REBCO tape substrate. Those changes would occur when the material yields due to severe width-bending. Based on the width-bending of REBCO tapes, flat-tape Rutherford-type cabling is discussed. A REBCO Rutherford-type cable can provide various advantages, especially for narrow-tape cabling. The flat-tape Rutherford-type cable has better characteristics against an electromagnetic transverse Lorentz force. Furthermore, the tape length of the cable can be approximately the same as the cable length allowing for excellent tape usage. REBCO Rutherford-type cabling will be a promising high-current, high-field cabling method using thin substrate REBCO tapes. It will be useful for AC ramp-field and pulse-field applications with low AC losses and low shield currents. It notes that the filaments in the cable are symmetrically distributed in parallel. Therefore, each filament’s inductance is uniform, and a uniform current distribution among the filaments can be obtained.
Current–voltage curve of the high temperature superconductor with local reduction of critical current
Authors: Gömöry F , Šouc J
Published: October 2021

Particular feature of the 2nd generation of conductors, based on the high-temperature superconducting compounds and produced nowadays in industrial process, is the fluctuation of properties along the conductor length. As a consequence, the voltage appearing at approaching the maximum transportable DC current could come from just one single weak spot. In such a place, characterized by the critical current reduced with respect to the rest of the conductor, the excess dissipation results in a locally elevated temperature. We developed an analytical theory predicting the experimentally observed current–voltage characteristics of such conductor, based on the weak spot properties and the cooling conditions. It extends our previous work, that was focused on forecasting the value of current at which would happen the thermal runaway, accompanied by an abrupt growth of the measured voltage. Here we derive the analytical expression that provides prediction for the current–voltage curve in wider range of currents, without necessity to reach thermal runaway. Then, a more reliable determination of the superconductor properties, in particular the flux creep exponent, can be achieved. Use of the model in the analysis of experimental data is illustrated, and its limitations resulting from the simplifications, introduced in order to reach the analytical predictions, are discussed.
Penumbra lunar eclipse observations reveal anomalous thermal performance of Lunakhod 2 reflectors
Authors: Gao Tian-Quan , Zhang Cai-Shi , Zhao Hong-Chao , Zhou Li-Xiang , Wu Xian-Lin , Yeh Hsienchi , Li Ming
Published: October 2021

As the signal reflected by the corner-cube reflector arrays is very weak and easily submerged during the full moon, we analyze the influence of the thermal effect of corner-cube reflector arrays on the intensity of lunar laser ranging echo. Laser ranging measurements during the penumbra lunar eclipse verify suspected thermal deformation in the Lunakhod 2 reflectors. Signal levels vary over two orders of magnitude as the penumbra eclipse progresses. This can be explained by the change in the dihedral angle of the corner-cube reflectors caused by the temperature. The results show that when the dihedral angle errors reach 1″, the energy is reduced by 100 times compared with the ideal corner-cube reflector. In the experiment, our findings suggest that when the corner-cube reflector arrays enter the penumbra of the earth, the effective echo signal level which reaches 0.18 photons/s far exceeds the historical level of the full moon. However, 11 minutes after the penumbra lunar eclipse, the effective echo rate of Lunakhod 2 will drop two orders of magnitude. The mechanism can explain the acute signal deficit observed at full moon.
Review on typical applications and computational optimizations based on semiclassical methods in strong-field physics
Authors: Huo Xun-Qin , Yang Wei-Feng , Dong Wen-Hui , Jin Fa-Cheng , Liu Xi-Wang , Zhang Hong-Dan , Song Xiao-Hong
Published: October 2021

The semiclassical method based on Feynman’s path-integral is in favor of uncovering the quantum tunneling effect, the classical trajectory description of the electron, and the quantum phase information, which can present an intuitive and transparent physical image of electron’s propagation in comparison with the ab initio time-dependent Schrödinger equation. In this review, we introduce the basic theoretical concepts and development of several semiclassical methods as well as some of their applications in strong-field physics. Special emphasis is placed on extracting time delay on attosecond scale by the combination of the semiclassical method with phase of phase method. Hundreds of millions of trajectories are generally adopted to obtain a relatively high-resolution photoelectron spectrum, which would take a large amount of time. Here we also introduce several optimization approaches of the semiclassical method to overcome the time-consuming problem of violence calculation.
Reconstruction resolution enhancement of EPISM based holographic stereogram with hogel spatial multiplexing
Authors: Liu Yunpeng , Zhang Teng , Su Jian , Jing Tao , Lin Min , Li Pei , Yan Xingpeng
Published: October 2021

We investigate how the splicing mode of a holographic element (hogel) affects the reconstruction of a 3D scene to improve the reconstruction resolution of a holographic stereogram fabricated using the effective perspective image segmentation and mosaicking method (EPISM). First, the effect of hogel spatial multiplexing on holographic recording and reconstruction is studied based on the mechanism of recording interference fringes in the holographic recording medium. Second, combined with the influence of multiple exposures on the hologram’s diffraction efficiency, the diffraction efficiency of the holographic stereogram is analyzed in the spatial multiplexing mode. The holographic stereogram is then regarded as a special optical imaging system. The theory of spatial bandwidth product is adopted to describe the comprehensive resolution of the holographic stereogram, which explains why hogel spatial multiplexing can significantly improve the reconstruction resolution of a holographic stereogram. Compared with the traditional printing method under the same parameters in optical experiments, hogel spatial multiplexing has a lower diffraction efficiency but a higher quality of reconstructed image, consistent with the theoretical analysis.
Revealing pion and kaon structure via generalised parton distributions *
Authors: Raya K. , Cui Z.-F. , Chang L. , Morgado J. M. , Roberts C. D. , Rodríguez-Quintero J.
Published: October 2021

Clear windows onto emergent hadron mass (EHM) and modulations thereof by Higgs boson interactions are provided by observable measures of pion and kaon structure, many of which are accessible via generalised parton distributions (GPDs). Beginning with algebraic GPD Ansätze, constrained entirely by hadron-scale

and K valence-parton distribution functions (DFs), in whose forms both EHM and Higgs boson influences are manifest, numerous illustrations are provided. They include the properties of electromagnetic form factors, impact parameter space GPDs, gravitational form factors and associated pressure profiles, and the character and consequences of all-orders evolution. The analyses predict that mass-squared gravitational form factors are stiffer than electromagnetic form factors; reveal that K pressure profiles are tighter than

profiles, with both mesons sustaining near-core pressures at magnitudes similar to that expected at the core of neutron stars; deliver parameter-free predictions for

and K valence, glue, and sea GPDs at the resolving scale

GeV; and predict that at this scale the fraction of meson mass-squared carried by glue and sea combined matches that lodged with the valence degrees-of-freedom, with a similar statement holding for mass-squared radii.
Polarization-based transformations of linearly polarized quasi-Gaussian beams propagating in uniaxial crystals at an arbitrary angle
Authors: Albadry Aldsoky , Nawareg Mohamed , El-Din Mamdouh Shams
Published: October 2021

Studying the polarization of paraxial beams propagating through uniaxial anisotropic crystals at an arbitrary angle is a powerful feature to extend the range of utilization of these crystals. In this paper, we derive a general theoretical model, based on the existing theory, to describe the transformations of polarization state in cases of arbitrary beam propagation. Stokes parameters are employed for the determination of polarization state of the light beam. The derived model is applied to a linearly polarized quasi-Gaussian beam propagating through rutile crystal. The dependence of the polarization state of the beam on many parameters such as beam waist, angle of propagation, and thickness of the crystal is investigated. The variation of each of these parameters leads to an extensive and interesting change of the polarization state. Moreover, the results are employed to observe the variations of the spin angular momentum as a function of the above-mentioned parameters. Furthermore, we report on an interesting result regarding the longitudinal component of the propagating field, where we noticed the existence of clearly non negligible values of this component for certain propagation parameters. The results of the current work are promising and can be utilized to obtain the best functioning of the output beam depending on its shape and polarization. In addition, they are promising for other future applications such as designing polarization-based devices which are useful in many fields.