bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflecting on a social studies-mathematics day
Authors: Araujo Blanca , Uribe Florez Lida , Goenaga Ruiz de Zuazu Adriana
Published: July 2017

Purpose

Social studies may be taught in relevant and powerful ways regardless of the current barriers and challenges teachers encounter with this subject. While it would be best to give social studies the same importance and time as other subjects, schools today often do not teach social studies or it is taught within an integrated topic. The purpose of this paper is to address current issues regarding integrating social studies in elementary classrooms. The authors then provide one example of an attempt to integrate social studies and mathematics. Finally, the authors conclude with important points to consider while integrating social studies and mathematics using a critical multicultural lens.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors engaged in the social studies and mathematics day to support teacher candidates in their practicum experience. In this study, the authors followed the Action Research paradigm; constantly reflect on the practices while preparing elementary school teachers. The authors understand action research as “a continuous process of inquiry, reflection, and evaluation to understand and improve practice” (Goenaga Ruiz de Zuazu, 2016, p. 8). As teacher educators, the authors particularly focused on self-study research, as indicated by Pine (2009), which can be implemented to improve educators’ own teaching to facilitate personal-professional growth.

Findings

Reflecting on the authors’ experiences and the barriers to teaching social studies, the authors continuously return to discussing the importance of balancing both content areas. In the activities designed by teacher candidates, the authors found they put more emphasis on the mathematics portion, leaving the social studies portion till the end and only if time permitted. In not addressing this situation with them, the authors perpetuated the low status of social studies. The authors needed to permit more time for teacher candidates to allow students to reflect on social and critical issues and promote discussions throughout the lesson, giving social studies equal status to mathematics.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the teacher education literature and how students planned and implemented a social studies and math day.
Population characteristics of Macrocheles glaber (Acari: Macrochelidae) and Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Acari: Laelapidae) reared on a mushroom fly Coboldia fuscipes (Diptera: Scatopsidae)
Authors: Wen Mei‐Fang , Chi Hsin , Lian Ying‐Xiao , Zheng Yu‐Hao , Fan Qing‐Hai , You Min‐Sheng
Published: July 2017

Subterranean predatory mites are important biological control agents of pests in soil. In order to understand the population characteristics of two predatory mites, Macrocheles glaber Müller and Stratiolaelaps scimitus Womersley, we studied their development, survival and fecundity data under laboratory conditions using Coboldia fuscipes Meigen as a food source and analyzed them with the age‐stage, two‐sex life table. Macrocheles glaber had a significantly shorter developmental time, oviposition period, longevity and lower fecundity than those of S. scimitus. The intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), net reproductive rate (R0), net predation rate (C0), and finite predation rate (ω) of M. glaber were significantly lower than those of S. scimitus. Both population parameters and computer simulation implied that S. scimitus is a potential powerful biocontrol agent compared to M. glaber.
Understanding ethnic differences in perceptions, attitudes, and behaviours: a study of domestic water use in Sydney
Authors: Yan Liping , McManus Phil , Duncan Elizabeth
Published: July 2017

There is growing realisation among environmental and social studies researchers that people's decision‐making about water use conforms to their internal norms and beliefs, which are developed in social and cultural contexts. Little research, however, has addressed the possible impacts that ethnic and cultural diversity may have on domestic water use and management. This paper presents the results of a study conducted in Sydney, with specific reference to questionnaire findings. Among respondents from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds, significant differences were observed in terms of perceptions, specific knowledge, attitudes, and self‐reported behaviours in relation to water use and conservation. The disparities identified were not masking socio‐demographic and economic characteristics but were the result of a series of constructs closely tied to ethnicity, including cultural value, environmental experience, language preference, and information access. As a factor explaining variation in the engagement of pro‐conservation behaviour, ethnic status was found to be more useful than some socio‐economic factors. The study highlights the importance of including ethnicity and cultural sensitivity issues in the decision‐making process of environmental management.
Transient receptor potential melastatin 4 channel is required for rat dental pulp stem cell proliferation and survival
Authors: Ngoc Tran T.D. , Stovall K.E. , Suantawee T. , Hu Y. , Yao S. , Yang L.‐J. , Adisakwattana S. , Cheng H.
Published: July 2017

Objectives

Investigate the role of the transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) channel in rat dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) proliferation and survival.

Materials and methods

Immunofluorescence and FACS analysis were used to detect the stem cell marker CD90. Alizarin Red S and Oil Red O staining were used to identify osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation, respectively. To characterize TRPM4, patch‐clamp recordings were obtained from single cells in the whole‐cell configuration mode. The significance of TRPM4 for proliferation and survival was examined with 9‐phenanthrol, a TRPM4 inhibitor during a 96‐hour period of culture. Real‐time Ca2+ imaging analysis with Fura‐2AM was used to investigate the impact of TRPM4 on intracellular Ca2+ signals.

Results

DPSCs were CD90‐positive and differentiated into osteoblasts. Patch‐clamp recordings revealed currents typical of TRPM4 that were Ca2+‐activated, voltage‐dependent and Na+‐conducting. Inhibition of TRPM4 resulted in a significant reduction in the cell population after a 96‐hr period of culture and transformed the biphasic pattern of intracellular Ca2+ signalling into sustained oscillations.

Conclusions

Rat DPSCs have stem cell characteristics and functional TRPM4 channels that are required for proliferation and survival. These data suggest that the shape and frequency of intracellular Ca2+ signals may mediate stem cell proliferation and survival.
An extended finite element method‐based representative model for primary water stress corrosion cracking of a control rod driving mechanism penetration nozzle
Authors: Lee H. , Kang S.J. , Choi J.B. , Kim M.K.
Published: July 2017

Primary water stress corrosion cracking incidents have been reported in nuclear reactors over the past several decades. Garud et al developed an empirical equation to express primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC) initiation time by using experimental data. This strain rate damage model has been used in multiple simulation studies. Some of these studies used the extended finite element method (XFEM) to simulate the PWSCC propagation in Alloy 600. However, several studies showed that the accuracy of XFEM depends on the mesh quality. Different mesh qualities can change the heat flux of a welding procedure, leading to different weld residual stresses. We performed a parametric study on PWSCC initiation and propagation of a control rod driving mechanism by using different mesh qualities. The major variables explored here are number of elements per bead, number of circumferential elements, and number of weld beads. Finally, an XFEM‐based representative model was suggested for PWSCC initiation and propagation simulation.
Lifestyle factors and Alzheimer's disease in people with Down syndrome
Authors: Kenshole Athena V. , Gallichan Deanna , Pahl Sabine , Clibbens John
Published: July 2017

Background

Lifestyle has previously been associated with the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the typically developing population, but research investigating this association in Down syndrome (DS) is limited.

Method

Adults with DS and AD (n = 27) were compared to adults with DS without AD (n = 30) on physical activity, diet, weight, where participants currently lived, where participants had lived for the majority of their lives, educational attainment, occupational attainment and cognitive activity.

Results

There was a significant difference between samples on where participants currently lived, with the majority of the clinical sample living in institutionalized settings and the majority of the control sample living in independent/supported living settings. This may reflect a tendency to move people once they start to deteriorate which, if correct, is contrary to clinical recommendations that people with AD should be supported to “die in place.”

Conclusions

Further research into the way in which lifestyle factors, particularly living environment, could contribute to the increased risk of AD in adults with DS is required. This may support interventions aimed at preventing or delaying the onset of the disease.
Phylogeography and population differentiation in the Psittacanthus calyculatus (Loranthaceae) mistletoe: a complex scenario of climate–volcanism interaction along the Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt
Authors: Pérez‐Crespo María José , Ornelas Juan Francisco , González‐Rodríguez Antonio , Ruiz‐Sanchez Eduardo , Vásquez‐Aguilar Antonio Acini , Ramírez‐Barahona Santiago
Published: July 2017

Aim

The formation of the Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB) played an important role in driving inter‐ and intraspecific diversification at high elevations. However, Pleistocene climate changes and ecological factors might also contribute to plant genetic structuring along the volcanic belt. Here, we analysed phylogeographical patterns of the parrot‐mistletoe Psittacanthus calyculatus to determine the relative contribution of these different factors.

Location

Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt.

Methods

Using nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequence data for 370 individuals, we investigate the genetic differentiation of 35 populations across the species range. We conducted phylogenetic, population and spatial genetic analyses of P. calyculatus sequences along with ecological niche modelling and Bayesian inference methods to gain insight into the structuring of genetic variation of these populations.

Results

Our analyses revealed population structure with three genetic groups corresponding to individuals from Oaxaca and those from the central‐eastern and western TMVB regions. A significant genetic signal of demographic expansion, an east‐to‐west expansion predicted by species distribution modelling, and approximate Bayesian computation analyses strongly supported a scenario of habitat isolation and invasion of TMVB by P. calyculatus during the late‐Pleistocene.

Main conclusions

The genetic differentiation of P. calyculatus may be explained by the combined effects of (1) geographical isolation linked to the effects of the glacial/interglacial cycles and environmental factors, driving genetic differentiation from congeners into more xeric vegetation and (2) the invasion of TMVB from east to west, suggesting a role for both colonization and glacial/interglacial cycles models.
Observations of marine wildlife tourism effects on a non‐focal species
Authors: Rizzari J. R. , Semmens J. M. , Fox A. , Huveneers C.
Published: July 2017

A radio‐acoustic positioning system was used to assess the effects of shark cage‐diving operators (SCDO) on the fine‐scale movements of a non‐focal species, the smooth stingray Bathytoshia brevicaudata. The results revealed that the time spent in the array was individually variable, but generally increased when SCDO were present and that the presence of SCDO may have the capacity to elicit changes in the space use of B. brevicaudata. These results indicate that the effects of marine wildlife tourism may extend beyond the focal species of interest.
Lunch‐time food source is associated with school hour and school day diet quality among Canadian children
Authors: Tugault‐Lafleur C. N. , Black J. L. , Barr S. I.
Published: July 2017

Background

There is limited research on the dietary behaviours of Canadian children at school, including where students obtain food from during school hours or whether lunch‐time food source influences diet quality.

Methods

Nationally representative cross‐sectional data from 24‐h dietary recalls were analysed from the 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey (n = 4589). Dietary outcomes included school hour and school day dietary intakes and School Healthy Eating Index (S‐HEI) scores. Survey‐weighted covariate‐adjusted linear regression models examined differences in dietary outcomes across lunch‐time food source groups.

Results

The majority of children (72.8%) reported bringing lunch from home, whereas fewer students obtained lunch from off‐campus locations (11.6%), schools (9.6%) or skipped lunch (5.9%). Compared to off‐campus lunches, home‐packed lunches were significantly higher in fibre, vitamins A, D and C, thiamin, magnesium, iron, grains, vegetables and fruit, but lower in total calories, fat and calories from minimally nutritious foods. Average school hour diet quality required improvement for all age groups, although S‐HEI scores did not differ significantly by lunch‐time food source among 6–8‐year‐old children. However, for children age 9–17 years, bringing a home‐packed lunch was associated with significantly higher S‐HEI scores compared to students obtaining lunch from off‐campus locations. After adjusting for age and sex, lunch‐time food source was also significantly associated with whole day dietary quality.

Conclusions

Although the nutritional quality of off‐campus lunches was lower than home‐packed lunches, the quality of foods was suboptimal, regardless of food source. Strategies are needed to enhance access to nutritious foods on campus and improve the nutritional quality of packed lunches, which supply the majority of lunch‐time foods consumed by Canadian children.
Do the Constructs of the FACES IV Change Based on Definitions of “Family?” A Measurement Invariance Test
Authors: Priest Jacob B. , Parker Elizabeth O. , Woods Sarah B.
Published: July 2017

The Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale (FACES) IV does not provide instructions about which family members respondents should think about while answering questions. This study examined which family members respondents thought about while completing the FACES IV, and if this changed measurement invariance and population heterogeneity of the measure. Using a sample of n = 511 individuals, a latent class analysis showed three distinct classes: Nuclear Family, Family of Origin, and All of the Above. The FACES IV demonstrated measurement invariance across classes on the majority of subscales; however, population heterogeneity tests suggested that the means and variances of the subscales varied across classes. The findings suggest further examination of how the measure functions with unique family constellations is warranted.
Diagnostic Utility of Wireless Video‐Electroencephalography in Unsedated Dogs
Authors: James F.M.K. , Cortez M.A. , Monteith G. , Jokinen T.S. , Sanders S. , Wielaender F. , Fischer A. , Lohi H.
Published: July 2017

Background

Poor agreement between observers on whether an unusual event is a seizure drives the need for a specific diagnostic tool provided by video‐electroencephalography (video‐EEG) in human pediatric epileptology.

Objective

That successful classification of events would be positively associated with increasing EEG recording length and higher event frequency reported before video‐EEG evaluation; that a novel wireless video‐EEG technique would clarify whether unusual behavioral events were seizures in unsedated dogs.

Animals

Eighty‐one client‐owned dogs of various breeds undergoing investigation of unusual behavioral events at 4 institutions.

Methods

Retrospective case series: evaluation of wireless video‐EEG recordings in unsedated dogs performed at 4 institutions.

Results

Electroencephalography achieved/excluded diagnosis of epilepsy in 58 dogs (72%); 25 dogs confirmed with epileptic seizures based on ictal/interictal epileptiform discharges, and 33 dogs with no EEG abnormalities associated with their target events. As reported frequency of the target events decreased (annually, monthly, weekly, daily, hourly, minutes, seconds), EEG was less likely to achieve diagnosis (P < 0.001). Every increase in event frequency increased the odds of achieving diagnosis by 2.315 (95% confidence interval: 1.36–4.34). EEG recording length (mean = 3.69 hours, range: 0.17–22.5) was not associated (P = 0.2) with the likelihood of achieving a diagnosis.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Wireless video‐EEG in unsedated dogs had a high success for diagnosis of unusual behavioral events. This technique offered a reliable clinical tool to investigate the epileptic origin of behavioral events in dogs.
Lions, trophy hunting and beyond: knowledge gaps and why they matter
Authors: Macdonald David W. , Loveridge Andrew J. , Dickman Amy , Johnson Paul J. , Jacobsen Kim S. , Du Preez Byron
Published: July 2017

What does trophy hunting (selective hunting for recreation) contribute to wild lion conservation? Macdonald (Report on Lion Conservation with Particular Respect to the Issue of Trophy Hunting. WildCRU, Oxford, UK, 2016) summarises what we know. We identify unknowns, gaps in the knowledge that inhibit conservation planning, including: the causes of lion mortality, the amount of land used for lion trophy hunting, the extent to which trophy hunting depends on lions for financial viability, and the vulnerability of areas used for hunting to conversion to land not used for wildlife, if trophy hunting ceased. The cost of reversing biodiversity loss exceeds income from tourism, including hunting. New financial models are needed, particularly in view of the expanding human population in Africa.
Host modulation: controlling the inflammation to control the infection
Authors: Bartold P. Mark , Van Dyke Thomas E.
Published: July 2017

Historically, periodontal disease (gingivitis and periodontitis) has been recognized as being primarily of bacterial origin. However, recent evidence indicates that while bacteria are necessary for disease development they are not sufficient for the clinical manifestation of the many and varied forms of periodontal disease. It is becoming increasingly apparent that it is the host inflammatory response to the subgingival bacteria that is responsible for the tissue damage and, most likely, progression of the disease. We explore the concept that it is the subgingival microenvironment modified by the inflammatory response that leads to a change from a commensal to pathogenic microbiota. In this review, we examine the evidence for the emerging paradigm supporting the central role of inflammation rather than specific microbiota in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, and that by controlling the inflammation, it is possible to control the infection. As an extension of this, we propose a working model for the ongoing monitoring of periodontal patients using the medical model of ‘treat to target’.
Nonsurgical and surgical treatment of periodontitis: how many options for one disease?
Authors: Graziani Filippo , Karapetsa Dimitra , Alonso Bettina , Herrera David
Published: July 2017

Treatment of periodontitis aims at preventing further disease progression with the intentions to reduce the risk of tooth loss, minimize symptoms and perception of the disease, possibly restore lost periodontal tissue and provide information on maintaining a healthy periodontium. Therapeutic intervention includes introduction of techniques to change behavior, such as: individually tailored oral‐hygiene instructions; a smoking‐cessation program; dietary adjustment; subgingival instrumentation to remove plaque and calculus; local and systemic pharmacotherapy; and various types of surgery. No single treatment option has shown superiority, and virtually all types of mechanical periodontal treatment benefit from adjunctive antimicrobial chemotherapy. Periodontal treatment, because of the chronic nature of periodontitis, is a lifelong commitment to intricate oral‐hygiene techniques, which, when properly implemented, will minimize the risk of disease initiation and progression.
Periodontitis: facts, fallacies and the future
Authors: Slots Jørgen
Published: July 2017

This volume ofPeriodontology 2000represents the 25th anniversary of the Journal, and uses the occasion to assess important advancements in periodontology over the past quarter‐century as well as the hurdles that remain. Periodontitis is defined by pathologic loss of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. The disease involves complex dynamic interactions among active herpesviruses, specific bacterial pathogens and destructive immune responses. Periodontal diagnostics is currently based on clinical rather than etiologic criteria, and provides limited therapeutic guidance. Periodontal causative treatment consists of scaling, antiseptic rinses and occasionally systemic antibiotics, and surgical intervention has been de‐emphasized, except perhaps for the most advanced types of periodontitis. Plastic surgical therapy includes soft‐tissue grafting to cover exposed root surfaces and bone grafting to provide support for implants. Dental implants are used to replace severely diseased or missing teeth, but implant overuse is of concern. The utility of laser treatment for periodontitis remains unresolved. Host modulation and risk‐factor modification therapies may benefit select patient groups. Patient self‐care is a critical part of periodontal health care, and twice‐weekly oral rinsing with 0.10‐0.25% sodium hypochlorite constitutes a valuable adjunct to conventional anti‐plaque and anti‐gingivitis treatments. A link between periodontal herpesviruses and systemic diseases is a strong biological plausibility. In summary, research during the past 25 years has significantly changed our concepts of periodontitis pathobiology and has produced more‐effective and less‐costly therapeutic options.
Community‐acquired pneumonia management and outcomes in the era of health information technology
Authors: Mecham Ian D. , Vines Caroline , Dean Nathan C.
Published: July 2017

Pneumonia continues to be a leading cause of hospitalization and mortality. Implementation of health information technology (HIT) can lead to cost savings and improved care. In this review, we examine the literature on the use of HIT in the management of community‐acquired pneumonia. We also discuss barriers to adoption of technology in managing pneumonia, the reliability and quality of electronic health data in pneumonia research, how technology has assisted pneumonia diagnosis and outcomes research. The goal of using HIT is to develop and deploy generalizable, real‐time, computerized clinical decision support integrated into usual pneumonia care. A friendly user interface that does not disrupt efficiency and demonstrates improved clinical outcomes should result in widespread adoption.
Remittances and return migration
Authors: Collier William , Piracha Matloob , Randazzo Teresa
Published: July 2017

This paper utilizes survey data of return migrants to analyze the determinants of remittances sent while the migrants were abroad. We approach our research question from the perspective of three sending countries in the Maghreb, namely Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia. We investigate the remittance behavior using the migrants’ conditions before migration as well as during the migration experience. Using a two‐part model, we show that the decision to remit and the amount remitted depend on a combination of different migrant characteristics and reasons for migration as well as the form of migration. More importantly, we also consider if the remittance behavior is dependent on the type of return: “decided” or “compelled.” We show that the two groups have different incentives to remit, which can help explain the link between type of migrants and their remittance behavior.
Can Cameras Stop the Killings? Racial Differences in Perceptions of the Effectiveness of Body‐Worn Cameras in Police Encounters,
Authors: Ray Rashawn , Marsh Kris , Powelson Connor
Published: July 2017

Recent killings of blacks by police have renewed a national discussion about crime, racism, unjust treatment, and implicit bias. Outfitting police officers with body‐worn cameras (BWC) is heralded by federal and state lawmakers as one solution to providing more transparency during police encounters. Missing from this discussion is what everyday citizens think about the potential effectiveness of BWC. Using data on residents of Prince George's County, Maryland, this study explores racial differences in views about police treatment and the effectiveness of BWC. We find that nonwhites report more fear of and mistreatment by the police than whites. Regarding BWC, we find that respondents are either supporters or skeptics. On one hand, respondents either believe that BWC will illuminate the difficulties of policing—police supporters—or create more transparency to hold officers more accountable for their actions—citizen supporters. On the other hand, skeptics fall into one of two types—respondents who think that BWC may put police officers more at risks—privacy skeptics—or those who do not see BWC as structurally changing the power dynamics between citizens and police officers—structural skeptics. We conclude by discussing how BWC may operate as a solution to improve interactions between citizens and the police but not necessarily alter power relations.
Reconsidering the Unusual Suspect: Immigration and the 1990s Crime Decline
Authors: Barranco Raymond E. , Shihadeh Edward S. , Evans David Allan
Published: July 2017

The United States experienced a dramatic decline in crime during the 1990s. A number of explanations for this decline have been put forth, including demographic shifts, economic trends, stricter gun control laws, and changes in drug markets. A widely reported explanation is that the surge of immigration during the 1990s was the main cause for that decade's crime decline. Although the claim has received considerable attention, it has yet to be tested empirically using national‐level data. In order to fully test the immigration‐1990s crime decline relationship, we use national‐level homicide and Census data from 1990 to 2000. Our results reveal four key findings: (1) crime declined for nearly all groups during the 1990s; (2) non‐Latino blacks contributed the most to the crime decline, by a wide margin; (3) both overall and black homicide declined the least in areas with the highest levels of immigration; and (4) we find no evidence that immigration indirectly lowered non‐immigrant crime rates by revitalizing communities. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings.
Mitigation of the threat posed to transfusion by donors traveling to Zika‐affected areas: a Canadian risk‐based approach
Authors: Germain Marc , Delage Gilles , O'Brien Sheila F. , Grégoire Yves , Fearon Margaret , Devine Dana
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND

The recent spread of the Zika virus to the Americas and the recognition that it can cause severe disease in the developing fetus has prompted the adoption of measures to mitigate the risk that this virus might pose to transfusion safety. In nonendemic countries, the risk to transfusion results from donors traveling to an endemic region. Canada implemented a 21‐day temporary deferral for prospective donors who traveled to such regions. We present the rationale for this policy, including a quantitative risk assessment supported by a Monte Carlo simulation.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

The model considered the following parameters, each with specified values and ranges: the probability that a donor recently returned from a Zika‐endemic region, the duration of travel to this region, the daily risk of acquiring Zika while in an endemic region, and the incubation and viremic periods. We ran the simulation 20 times, each with 10 million iterations.

RESULTS

In the absence of any travel deferral, 32 donors (range, 20‐46 donors) would be able to donate while still being at risk of transmitting Zika, corresponding to a rate of 1:312,500 (range, 1:217,000 to 1:500,000). None of these donors would be viremic beyond 21 days after returning from their travel, with a risk estimated at less than 1:200,000,000.

CONCLUSIONS

A 21‐day temporary travel deferral offers an extremely wide margin of safety for the possible transmission of Zika by a donation obtained from someone who recently returned from a country where the virus is circulating.
Mandibular body fracture repair with wire‐reinforced interdental composite splint in small dogs
Authors: Guzu Michel , Hennet Philippe R.
Published: July 2017

Objective

To report the outcome of mandibular body fractures treated with a wire‐reinforced interdental composite splint (WRICS) in small breed dogs.

Study design

Retrospective case series.

Animals

Client‐owned small breed dogs (n = 24).

Methods

Medical records (1998‐2012) of small breed dogs (<10 kg) with mandibular body fractures treated by WRICS were reviewed for signalment, history, type of fracture, treatment, and clinical and radiological follow‐up. The angle of the fracture line (ANG) was measured on dental radiographs. A mandibular injury severity score (MISS) and a dental injury score (DIS) were evaluated as potential prognostic factors.

Results

Fractures most commonly involved P4‐M1 (56%), and healed in a mean time of 2.37 ± 0.7 months. Healing was slower (P = .012) if teeth were present in the fracture line and required extraction, hemisection, or root canal therapy prior to WRICS placement (2.39 ± 0.7 months) than if no dental treatment was required (1.46 ± 0.8 months). Contrary to the MISS, the DIS was associated with longer time to bone healing (P = .001; r = .63) and risk of complications (P = .004). Bone healing time was decreased (P = .003; r = .61) with increasing fracture angles.

Conclusion

WRICS can be considered to treat mandibular body fractures in small breed dogs if the fracture is not severely comminuted, and if at least the canine and first molar tooth can be used for anchorage. More severe lesions, such as those with teeth in the fracture line and a shorter fracture surface, are associated with prolonged bone healing.
An approach to setting ecological flow thresholds for southern English chalk streams
Authors: Westwood Christian G. , England Judy , Dunbar Michael J. , Holmes Nigel T. H. , Leeming David J. , Hammond Diana
Published: July 2017

This paper presents a study of 10 English chalk streams in the River Thames Basin historically affected by abstraction of groundwater. Using macroinvertebrates, macrophytes and river discharge records from across 76 monitoring sites, and spanning the period 1992–2009 we assess how the communities change over time. River discharge is seen to be the most influential variable in biological community composition, and is used to calculate the annual average river discharge (in m3/s) needed to sustain different biological assemblages at each study site, from the lowest to the highest expression of fluvial aquatic community development. This represents a bottom‐up or site‐specific approach to the determination of ecological flow thresholds, from which more empirical trends may be inferred at regional level. The approach also provides a useful understanding of the timescales involved in the recovery of communities from drought.
Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for chronic wounds: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhang Li , Weng Changshui , Zhao Zhanbo , Fu Xiaobing
Published: July 2017

A growing number of clinical studies demonstrate that extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is a feasible noninvasive method for improving chronic wound healing. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to assess the effectiveness of ESWT compared with that of the standard care treatment for the healing of chronic wounds, irrespective of etiology, in clinical practice. Randomized controlled trials that investigated the effect of ESWT on chronic wounds with different etiologies from 2000 to 2017 were included in this review. The methodological quality of each selected article was rated using the Jadad scale. A fixed or random effects model was used to calculate the pooled effect sizes according to the heterogeneity of the studies. The cumulative effect of ESWT on each outcome was illustrated using forest plots. Seven randomized controlled trials involving 301 subjects were included in this review. Meta‐analyses revealed that the use of ESWT as an adjunct to wound treatment could significantly accelerate the impaired healing process of chronic wounds. Compared with the control treatment, ESWT markedly increased the wound healing rate by 1.86‐fold (OR = 2.86, 95% CI: 1.63–5.03, p = 0.0003) and the percentage of the wound healing area by 30.46% (SMD = 30.46; 95% CI: 23.80–37.12; p < 0.00001). In addition, the wound healing time was reduced by 19 days (SMD = −19.11, 95% CI: −23.74–(–14.47), p < 0.00001) in chronic wound patients. No serious complications or adverse effects were observed secondary to the application of ESWT. The above data suggested that ESWT as an adjunct to wound treatment, could more significantly improve the healing process of chronic wounds than the standard care treatment alone. More high‐quality, well‐controlled randomized trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy of ESWT in clinical practice.
Nurses’ Perceived Barriers to Bedside Handover and Their Implication for Clinical Practice
Authors: Tobiano Georgia , Whitty Jennifer A. , Bucknall Tracey , Chaboyer Wendy
Published: July 2017

Background and Rationale

Bedside handover during the change of shift allows nurses to visualize patients and facilitate patient participation, both purported to improve patient safety. But, bedside handover does not always occur and when it does, it may not involve the patient.

Aim

To explore and understand barriers nurses perceive in undertaking bedside handover.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey was administered to 200 nurses working on medical wards, recruited from two Australian hospitals, one private and one public. As part of the survey, there was one open‐ended question asking about perceived barriers to bedside handover. Content analysis was used to analyze data. Barriers were assessed using a determinant framework.

Results

The open‐ended question was answered by 176 (88%) participants. Three categories were identified. First, censoring the message showed nurses were concerned about patients and third‐parties hearing sensitive information. In the second category, disrupting the communication flow, nurses perceived patients, family members, other nurses and external sources, interrupted the flow of handover and increased its duration. Finally, inhibiting characteristics demonstrated that individual patient and nurse views or capabilities hindered bedside handover. Barriers to bedside handover were determined to relate to individual nurse factors, patient factors, social, political and legal factors, and guideline factors.

Linking Evidence to Action

Suggestions for enhancing bedside handover include debunking nurses’ misconceptions, reflecting on nurses’ viewpoints, using active educational approaches, and promotion of legal requirements to heighten nurses’ confidence dealing with sensitive information. Regular patient rounding, and standardized handover may enable patient involvement in handover. Finally, reviewing the local context to ensure organizational processes support bedside handover is recommended.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF BIOELECTRICITY-MICROBIAL FUEL CELL FOR ELECTRICITY GENERATION: PERFORMANCE CHARACTERIZATION AND CAPACITY IMPROVEMENT
Authors: Bohari Zul Hasrizal , Azhari Nur Asyhikin , Ab Rahman Nuraina Nasuha , Baharom Mohamad Faizal , Jali Mohd Hafiz , Sulaima Mohamad Fani , Ahmad Izzuddin Tarmizi
Published: July 2017

Energy trending lately shown the need of new possible renewable energy. This paper studies about the capability and capacity generating of electricity by using Bio-electricity-Microbial Fuel Cell (Bio-MFC). Bio-MFC is the device that converts chemical energy to electrical energy by using microbes that exist in the sewage water. The energy contained in organic matter can be converted into useful electrical power. MFC can be operated by microbes that transfer electrons from anode to cathode for generating electricity. There are two major goals in this study. The first goal is to determine the performance characteristics of MFCs in this application. Specifically we investigate the relationship between the percentages of organic matter in a sample results in higher electricity production of MFCs power by that sample. As a result, the sewage (wastewater) chosen in the second series experiment because the sewage (wastewater) also produced the highest percentage of organic matter which is around 10%. Due to these, the higher percentage of organic matter corresponds to higher electricity production. The second goal is to determine the condition under which MFC work most efficiently to generating electricity. After get the best result of the combination for the electrode, which is combination of zinc and copper (900mV),the third series of experiments was coducted, that show the independent variable was in the ambient temperature. The reasons of these observations will be explained throughout the paper. The study proved that the electricity production of MFC can be increased by selecting the right condition of sample type, temperature and type of electrode.Â
NOVEL TECHNIQUE OF MODAL ANALYSIS FOR LIGHT STRUCTURE VIA PIEZOFILM SENSOR: A COMPARISON STUDY
Authors: Ramli Mohd Irman , Nuawi Mohd. Zaki , Abdullah Shahrum , Mohammad Rasani Mohammad Rasidi , Ko Seng Kho , Ahmad Muhamad Arif Fadli
Published: July 2017

This study is conducted to determine the modal parameters namely natural frequencies and mode shapes of aluminum 6061 (Al6061). A light and small structure made from Al6061 is chosen as the experimental specimen mainly because of its wide application in industries such as automotive parts or accessories and robotic, mainly in manufacturing of automobile frames. If a component vibrates with a frequency that is coherent with the componentâ€™s natural frequency, resonance frequency will occur and structural failure might emerge. Two sensors i.e. piezoelectric film and accelerometer were used. The result obtained were ya = 329.60x â€“ 142.27 (accelerometer) and yp = 304.98x + 15.18 (piezofilm). The relation between natural frequency of accelerometer and piezofilm for the triangle-shape specimen was ya = 1.08yp â€“ 158.67 and can be concluded that the regression ratio of 1.08 was approximately 1.0 which agreed with the status of piezoelectric film sensor that can be used as an alternative sensor for accelerometer. There was a good results agreement between simulation and experimental work outcome.Â
MICROSTRUCTURAL INVESTIGATION AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THIXOFORMED AL-6SI-XCU-0.3MG ALLOYS
Authors: Salleh Mohd Shukor , Mohamad Ishak Nurul Naili , Yahaya Saifudin Hafiz
Published: July 2017

In this study, the effect of different amounts of copper (CU) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of thixoformed Al-6Si-xCu-0.3Mg (x= 3, 4 and 5, mass fraction, %) were investigated. The alloys were prepared via cooling slope casting technique, before there were thixoformed using compression press. All of the alloys were then characterized using optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The results obtained revealed that cooling slope casting produced a non-dendritic microstructure and the intermetallic phase in the thixoformed samples was refined and evenly distributed. The results also revealed that as the Cu content in the alloy increases, the hardness and tensile strength of the thixoformed alloys also increase. The hardness of thixoformed Al-6Si-3Cu was 104.1 HV while the hardness of Al-6Si-5Cu alloy was increased to 118.2 HV. The ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation to fracture of the thixoformed alloy which contained 3wt.% Cu were 241 MPa, 176 MPa and 3.2% respectively. The ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation to fracture of the alloy that contained 6wt.% of Cu were 280 MPa, 238 MPa and 1.2% respectively. The fracture surface of the tensile sample with lower Cu content exhibited dimple rupture while higher Cu content showed a cleavage fracture.
A New Sequence Stratigraphic Framework of Terrestrial Fluvial
Authors: Lin Zhipeng , Chen Le , Shan Jingfu , Zhang Tan , Sun Qianjun , Wang Yiwu
Published: July 2017

Currently, the recognition and research on the classification of fluvial types mainly focus on the description and results of a series of indicators, such as the plane shape and sediment characteristics. However, there is limited literacy about how to demonstrate the fluvial types from the depositional process, especially less on sequence model of inland fluvial. Thus, this paper aims o propose a new kind of sequence stratigraphic framework, which is able to reflect the fluvial processes under the perspective of sequence stratigraphy. Accordingly, we use the principle of concrete analysis for concrete problems by comprehensively summing up the previous classification schemes of river types. With the research method of sedimentation process, new fluvial systems tracts for fluvial are presented here, including four parts: low fluvial system tract (LFST), advancing fluvial system tract (AFST), flooding fluvial system tract (FFST), receding fluvial system tract (RFST). Moreover, these could be applied to tackle the problem of the traditional division of fluvial. Various rivers have the different characteristics of systems tracts, then this may play a vital role in the discrimination of meandering river, braided river, anastomosing river and branched river. This study embodies the philosophical thought of Process Sedimentology and may contribute to revealing the deposition process of the fluvial system more profoundly from the aspect of genetic mechanism and evolution course. Most importantly, the fluvial classification system is definitely improved from the description stage to a complete rational stage.
An evaluation of several methods for computing lingual coarticulatory resistance using ultrasound
Authors: Rodríguez Clara , Recasens Daniel
Published: July 2017

The paper evaluates the efficiency of six computation methods in distinguishing lingual coarticulatory resistance among consonants and vowels using ultrasound data. This research goal is tested on a corpus of symmetrical vowel-consonant-vowel sequences composed of 10 consonants and five vowels produced by five Catalan speakers. Results show that, while the coarticulatory resistance hierarchies obtained by all methods conform largely to the predictions of the degree of articulatory constraint model of coarticulation, some (i.e., area of the articulatory zone, mean point-by-point coefficient of variation, and mean nearest neighbour distance) are somewhat more highly predictive than others (i.e., locus equation, mutual information, and highest point of the tongue dorsum). Methods differ mostly regarding the classification of consonants exhibiting intermediate degrees of coarticulatory resistance due to the way the methods have been designed. The implications of these findings for research on dialectal variation are discussed.
Automatic sociophonetics: Exploring corpora with a forensic accent recognition system
Authors: Brown Georgina , Wormald Jessica
Published: July 2017

This paper demonstrates how the Y-ACCDIST system, the York ACCDIST-based automatic accent recognition system [Brown (2015). Proceedings of the International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Glasgow, UK], can be used to inspect sociophonetic corpora as a preliminary “screening” tool. Although Y-ACCDIST's intended application is to assist with forensic casework, the system can also be exploited in sociophonetic research to begin unpacking variation. Using a subset of the PEBL (Panjabi-English in Bradford and Leicester) corpus, the outputs of Y-ACCDIST are explored, which, it is argued, efficiently and objectively assess speaker similarities across different linguistic varieties. The ways these outputs corroborate with a phonetic analysis of the data are also discovered. First, Y-ACCDIST is used to classify speakers from the corpus based on language background and region. A Y-ACCDIST cluster analysis is then implemented, which groups speakers in ways consistent with more localised networks, providing a means of identifying potential communities of practice. Additionally, the results of a Y-ACCDIST feature selection task that indicates which specific phonemes are most valuable in distinguishing between speaker groups are presented. How Y-ACCDIST outputs can be used to reinforce more traditional sociophonetic analyses and support qualitative interpretations of the data is demonstrated.
The effect of dairy and nondairy beverages consumed with high glycemic cereal on subjective appetite, food intake, and postprandial glycemia in young adults
Authors: Law Marron , Huot Pedro S.P. , Lee Ying Ti , Vien Shirley , Luhovyy Bohdan L. , Anderson G. Harvey
Published: July 2017

The objective was to compare the effect of dairy and nondairy beverages when consumed with carbohydrate at breakfast on subjective appetite, food intake (FI), and postprandial glycemia (PPG) in healthy young adults. Twenty-six healthy males and females (13 males and 13 females; 23.0 ± 2.6 years; BMI: 22.3 ± 1.5 kg/m2) participated in a randomized crossover study. They consumed nonisocaloric amounts (250 mL) of almond beverage, soy beverage, 1% fat milk, yogurt beverage, and water (control) with cereal and 120 min later, an ad libitum meal. Subjective appetite, PPG, and insulin were measured at baseline and at intervals before and after the meal at which FI was measured. Post-treatment blood glucose was lowest following soy beverage compared with all treatments but was not different from milk (p = 0.0002). There were no differences between any other treatments. However, over the first hour, PPG for all treatments was 27% lower compared with water (p < 0.0001). Milk and yogurt beverage led to the highest insulin concentrations post-treatment (p < 0.0001) but there were no differences between treatments postmeal. All treatments reduced appetite and led to lower FI at the meal compared with water, but FI was lower after milk compared with all treatments except yogurt beverage (p < 0.0001). Both dairy and nondairy beverages consumed with a high glycemic cereal at breakfast increased satiety and decreased FI compared with water with cereal. Despite higher carbohydrate content, all beverages led to similar or lower PPG than the water breakfast, but dairy beverages increased insulin more than nondairy beverages.