bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of Honey Adulteration by Investigation of the Physico-chemical Properties of Honey Adulterated with the Addition of Glucose-Fructose and Maltose Corn Syrups
Authors: Gün Ramazan , Karaoğlu Mehmet Murat
Published: November 2022

This study aims to experimentally investigate the effect of sugar syrup additions on quality measurements of honey and to detect adulteration. For that purpose, two different pure blossom honey samples were adulterated by directly mixing 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% of commercially available glucose-fructose corn syrup and maltose corn syrup. In this regard, key physicochemical properties like moisture, pH, free acidity, proline, diastase number, colour (L, a, b and Delta-E), electrical conductivity, HMF, sugar profile (glucose, fructose, sucrose and maltose), and C4 sugar analysis were tested. Individual measurement of sugar profile and C4 sugar ratio allowed determining adulterations of sugar syrups to certain extend; however, results obtained from analyses of moisture, pH, free acidity, proline, diastase number, colour, electrical conductivity, and HMF fails to detect sugar syrup adulteration. Then, the experimental test results of moisture, pH, free acidity, proline, diastase number, colour, electrical conductivity, and HMF were statistically evaluated using Principal Component Analysis that enables us to detect adulterations at the all-syrup ratios (5% - %50).
Clusters of co-regulated proteins in brain cortex associate with fronto-temporal lobar degeneration
Authors: Bridel Claire , Gils Juami HM van , Miedema Suzanne SM , Hoozemans Jeroen J , Pijnenburg Yolande AL , Smit August B , Rozemuller Annemieke JM , Abeln Sanne , Teunissen Charlotte E
Published: November 2022

Background
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is characterized pathologically by neuronal and glial inclusions of hyperphosphorylated tau or by neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions of TDP43. This study aimed at deciphering the molecular mechanisms leading to these distinct pathological subtypes.
Methods
To this end, we performed an unbiased mass spectrometry-based proteomic and systems-level analysis of middle frontal gyrus cortices of FTLD-tau (n = 6), FTLD-TDP (n = 15), and control patients (n = 5). We validated these results in an independent patient cohort (total n = 24).
Results
The middle frontal gyrus cortex proteome was most significantly altered in FTLD-tau compared to controls (294 differentially expressed proteins at FDR = 0.05). The proteomic modifications in FTLD-TDP were more heterogeneous (49 differentially expressed proteins at FDR = 0.1). Weighted co-expression network analysis revealed 17 modules of co-regulated proteins, 13 of which were dysregulated in FTLD-tau. These modules included proteins associated with oxidative phosphorylation, scavenger mechanisms, chromatin regulation and clathrin-mediated transport in both the frontal and temporal cortex of FTLD-tau. The most strongly dysregulated subnetworks identified Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 (CDK5) and Polypyrimidine Tract Binding Protein 1 (PTBP1) as key players in the disease process. Dysregulation of 9 of these modules was confirmed in independent validation datasets of FLTD-tau and control temporal and frontal cortex (total n = 24). Dysregulated modules were primarily associated with changes in astrocyte and endothelial cell protein expression levels, indicating pathological changes in FTD are not limited to neurons.
Conclusions
Using this innovative workflow and zooming in on the most strongly dysregulated proteins of the identified modules, we were able to identify disease-associated mechanisms in FTLD-tau with high potential as biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets.
The Divergent Effects of Remittance Transfers for Post-Disaster States
Authors: Eldemerdash Nadia , Landis Steven
Published: November 2022

This paper asks how remittances flows, the value of which has increased substantially in the last 20 years, moderate disruptions in state capacity generated by rapid-onset natural disasters. Focusing specifically on earthquakes, we consider how remittances affect social welfare and unrest. We propose two causal pathways that reflect the complex effects both natural disasters and remittances have on states and societies. First, we argue that remittances can mitigate political instability by smoothing disruptions in individual consumption, which are most salient during times when states are struggling to supply public goods, as in the aftermath of natural disasters. Second, we argue that remittance flows can supply financial resources that empower dissident groups to mobilize protests and other anti-state action. Although these pathways appear conflicting, we contend that they stem from the same causal mechanism—income smoothing—which is an important refinement in existing research that reports contradictory findings. Our results are supportive of our theoretical argument and show that remittances can paradoxically improve social welfare while also heightening the conditions for social unrest.
JEL: F24, O57, Q54
South-Eastern Dinaric Karst – Contrasts in Water Treasury
Authors: Stevanović Zoran , Milanović Petar
Published: November 2022

South-eastern Dinarides comprise territories of four countries of SE Europe - Croatia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Montenegro and Albania and their parts belonging to the Adriatic basin. The region consists mainly of highly karstified carbonate rocks and is characterised by a high precipitation rate. As a result, karst aquifers can accumulate large amounts of groundwater issuing at numerous karst springs, some being the world’s largest in terms of maximal flow. Locally, the annual total rainfall rate sometimes reaches 5,000 mm or even more, while an average specific groundwater yield of examined karst aquifers ranges from 40 to 50 l/s/km2. However, as discussed in this paper, the region also has many contrasts: abundant water reserves yet water shortage in certain parts, natural phenomena and wonders yet limited sources of life, good natural water quality marred by its vulnerability to pollution, feasible engineering solutions accompanied by their partly negative impact on environment, and water management at the national level contrasting with the transboundary character of most large aquifers. Doubts whether waters from this “treasury” are utilised in the best way and what the prospects are for their sustainable use and protection in the future are also analysed in the text.
Dietary Grape Seed Extract, Onion Peel Extract or Rosemary Extract supplementation alleviates Diquat-induced Restrained Growth and Oxidative Stress of Lohmann Chicks
Authors: Wang Man , He Zongze , Xiong Zhaolong , Liu Hongwei , Zhou Xiang , He Jian
Published: November 2022

The present study was carried out to evaluate thegrape seed extract,onion peel extractandrosemary extracton Diquat-induced restrained growth and oxidative stress in Lohmann chicks. A total of 200 Lohmann chicks, one day old, were assigned randomly into 5 diets: the positive control (PC) group, the negative control (NC) group, the grape seed extract (GSE) 100 mg/kg supplementing diet, the onion peel extract (OPE) 100 mg/kg supplementing diet and the rosemary extract (ROE) 100 mg/kg supplementing diet. During the first 7 days of trial, compared with NC and PC groups, the GSE group enhanced average daily feed intake (P < 0.05). On day 8, all chicks were intraperitoneally injected with diquat except PC which was injected with normal saline. Diquat injection decreased the growth performance (P < 0.05), increased platelet volume distribution width (PWD) concentration (P < 0.05), increased malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the serum of chicks (P < 0.05), decreased total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB) concentration, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the serum (P < 0.05), increased MDA concentration and decreased GST activities in the liver (P < 0.05). From d 8 to 21, lower average daily gain (ADG) was observed in NC group than other groups (P < 0.05). Compared with NC group, GSE decreased ALT activities, MDA, RDW and PDW concentration (P < 0.05), increased SOD, GST activities (P < 0.05). Compared with NC group, ROE decreased ALT activities and MDA concentration (P < 0.05). Compared with NC group, the OPE group decreased ALT activities, MDA, RDW and PDW concentration (P < 0.05), increased SOD activities (P < 0.05) of chicks. These results suggest that supplementing antioxidants in diets alleviated oxidative stress in chicks challenged by improve antioxidant capacity and liver function.
Overwintering aggregation patterns of a freshwater giant
Authors: Westrelin Samuel , Moreau Mathieu , Fourcassié Vincent , Santoul Frédéric
Published: November 2022

Animal aggregation, particularly in large-bodied species, is both a fascinating and intriguing phenomenon. Here we analyzed the overwintering behavior of the European catfish,Silurus glanisLinnaeus, 1758, the largest freshwater fish in Europe. By tracking 47 subadults and adults in a shallow lake in southeastern France, we reported a consistent aggregative behavior across four successive winters. By implementing time series analysis and Cox proportional hazard models, we investigated the dynamics of these aggregations (formation, stability, dislocation), and the factors that govern it, whether external (temperature, time of the day) or specific to the fish (size, key individuals). These aggregations lasted 1.5–2 months and mainly took place in a single small 4m-deep area whose environmental conditions (temperature, oxygen, substrate) did not differ from other parts of the lake. In some periods during winter, all tagged fish were aggregated, which suggests that a large proportion of the lake population gathered there. Low temperatures (below 9°C) triggered the formation of aggregations. They became more stable with decreasing temperatures, while individuals more frequently left the aggregation, preferentially at dusk and at night, when temperatures increased. The largest individuals swam more frequently back and forth to the aggregation. Irrespective of their size, some individuals consistently arrived earlier in the aggregation in winter and left later. This could mean that some individuals seek social interactions while others are more independent. This predictable seasonal grouping of individuals and, more generally, the knowledge provided by such studies on how species use space have important operational value and are useful for species conservation as well as for species control.
Multiple Linear Regression Approach for Sensorless MPPT of PMSG Wind Power Generation Systems
Authors: Abo-Khalil Ahmed G. , Sobhy Ahmed , Sayed Khairy
Published: November 2022

In this paper, a novel approach for extracting the maximum power from a wind energy conversion system (WECS) eqquiped with a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) is presented. Wind power generation systems have gained prominence as an alternative to conventional power plants worldwide, being the renewable energy source with the best growth prospects. However, the intermittent nature of wind power reduces energy reliability and hinders the development of technologies in this area. Therefore, a sensorless controller for a WECS with a PMSG is developed to enhance the conversion efficiency of the wind enegy system. The proposed control algorithm predicts the wind speed from the wind turbine power-speed characteristics. It uses the predicted speed to determine the optimum reference rotating speed to extract the maximum power point (MPPT) based on the optimum tip-speed ratio. The proposed control approach is based on a multiple linear regression (MLR) algorithms which is used to predict the wind speed value by calculating the regression coefficients from the predetermined training samples of the turbine power, rotating speed, and wind speed. The MPPT operating mode is maintained as long as the available power is less than the rated power of the converter. Otherwise, the MPPT algorithm is disabled, and a mechanical power control loop guarantees nominal power. A complete theoretical analysis and the experimental results considering the prototype with the nominal power of the 3 kW wind turbine used are presented. The experimental results has proven the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control approach.
The significance of spread through air spaces in the prognostic assessment model of stage I lung adenocarcinoma and the exploration of its invasion mechanism
Authors: Niu YangYang , Han XinHao , Zeng Yuan , Nanding Abiyasi , Bai Qiang , Guo SaiNan , Hou YaLi , Yu Yan , Zhang QiuJu , Li XiaoMei
Published: November 2022

Purpose
Spread through air spaces (STAS) is a crucial invasive mode of lung cancer and has been shown to be associated with early recurrence and metastasis. We aimed to develop a prognostic risk assessment model for stage I lung adenocarcinoma based on STAS and other pathological features and to explore the potential relationship between CXCL-8, Smad2, Snail, and STAS.
Methods
312 patients who underwent surgery at Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital with pathologically diagnosed stage I lung adenocarcinoma were reviewed in the study. STAS and other pathological features were identified by H&E staining, and a prognostic risk assessment model was established. The expression levels of CXCL8, Smad2, and Snail were determined by immunohistochemistry.
Results
The nomogram was established based on age, smoking history, STAS, tumor lymphocyte infiltration, tissue subtype, nuclear grade, and tumor size. The C-index for DFS was (training set 0.84 vs validation set 0.77) and for OS was (training set 0.83 vs validation set 0.78). Decision curve analysis showed that the model constructed has a better net benefit than traditional reporting. The prognostic risk score validated the risk stratification value for stage I lung adenocarcinoma. STAS was an important prognostic factor associated with stronger invasiveness and higher expression of CXCL8, Smad2, and Snail. CXCL8 was associated with poorer DFS and OS.
Conclusions
We developed and validated a survival risk assessment model and the prognostic risk score formula for stage I lung adenocarcinoma. Additionally, we found that CXCL8 could be used as a potential biomarker for STAS and poor prognosis, and its mechanism may be related to EMT.
Evaluation of dexamethasone and its combination with mineral suppliments on the DNA compactness/breakage of antioxidant defense enzymes
Authors: aslan cagla , Arman Ibrahim , Nabi-Afjadi Mohsen
Published: November 2022

Dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid drug, is widely used as an anti-inflammatory/anti-allergic agent worldwide. Several previouse studies suggested that in the inflammatory or enriched free radical condition, Dexamethasone directly bind to DNA leading to DNA brekage/remodeling and subsequently cancer or other DNA breakage related disorders. So, for the first time, we computationally and experimentally investigated the interaction of Dexamethasone drug, alone and in combination with H2O2, ascorbic acid, iron and copper, with a routine supercoiled plasmid DNA. In the next step, the intrinsic DNA binding constant (kd) was calculated using UV absorption titration method via Dexamethasone interaction with calf thymus DNA (ctDNA). Also, interaction of the drug with antioxidant enzymes including catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase 4, glutathione reductase was investigated by molecular docking methods. Interestingly, our in-vitro study demonstraded that dexamethasone binds to DNA by binding energy of -5.35 kcal/mol. Our study also indicatd that dexamethasone/DNA interaction lead to no DNA breakage while, its combination with the mineral supplies cause to DNA damage/breakage. This results are consistent with our Docking study that indicated dexamethasone stungly bind to DNA and the catalytic site of glutathione peroxidase 4, FAD-binding site of the glutathione reductase, the active site of the superoxide dismutase and NADPH binding residues of the catalase enzyme. Therefore, we hypothesis that Dexamethasone may indirectly make DNA damages by inhibiting antioxidant defense enzymes and causing oxidative stress in cells.
Method for obtaining Nyquist plots identical to those of the three-electrode AC impedance method in concrete- embedded rebar without requiring electrical continuity
Authors: Hashimoto Nagate , Tanaka Motoki , Kaneko Yasuaki , Kato Yoshitaka , Hirama Akinobu
Published: November 2022

Corrosion of steel bars is one cause of deterioration in reinforced concrete structures. The state of corrosion of rebar in concrete structures can be measured using the AC impedance method. The typical three-electrode AC impedance method requires electrical continuity between the rebar and the measurement device, which may be inconvenient because the structure requires to be partly damaged by processes such as drilling. The present study proposes a method to obtain the same impedance spectra as the three-electrode method by modifying the electrode configuration of the four-electrode method. The procedure for such a measurement is as follows. First, the counter electrode and the measurement reference electrode place at the measurement point. Next, another counter electrode at a sufficient distance from the measurement point place. Another reference electrode place at a sufficient distance from both the measurement point and the applied counter electrode. And Connect WE_I to the applied counter electrode, WE_V to the reference electrode, CE to the applied counter electrode, and RE to the applied counter electrode, and measure the impedance. In this paper, the physical experiments and the numerical experiments demonstrate the validity of the above method.
Impact of the cost exception policy on long-term treatment interruption among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in South Korea: a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Lee Sang Chul , Lee Jae Kwang , Lee Jung Mo , Park Seon Cheol , Han Chang Hoon
Published: November 2022

Background
Political change regarding for exemption of co-payment for tuberculosis (TB) treatment was made in July 2016. We investigated the effect of the co-payment waiver on long-term treatment interruption and clinical outcomes among pulmonary TB patients in South Korea.
Methods
Patients who had newly treated TB in South Korea from 2013–2019 were selected from nationwide data using the entire Korean National Health Insurance Service population. Interrupted time series analysis was used to evaluate the effect of policy implementation on treatment adherence. Moreover, mortality rates were assessed depending on the history of long-term treatment interruption.
Results
A total of 73,116 and 1,673 patients were included in the final study population for each drug-susceptible and drug-resistant pulmonary TB. After implementing the cost exemption policy, the long-term treatment discontinuation rates tended to decrease in the continuation phase in the drug-susceptible TB group (slope change: −0.097, P = 0.011). However, it was increased in the intensive phase in the drug-resistant TB group (slope change: 0.733, P = 0.001). Drug-resistant TB patients were likely to experience long-term discontinuation of TB treatment (adjusted odds ratio, 6.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.43–6.71), and history of long-term treatment interruption was a significant risk factor for both 1-year and overall mortality rates among the study population (adjusted hazard ratios: 2.01, 95% CI, 1.86–2.18 and 1.77, 95% CI, 1.70–1.84, respectively).
Conclusions
Implementing the cost exemption policy effectively reduced the long-term treatment discontinuation rate among pulmonary TB patients. Because long-term treatment interruption is relevant to increasing mortalities, political change for widening the coverage helped improve treatment outcomes in TB patients.
Online Speech Assessment of the Psychotic Spectrum: Exploring the relationship between overlapping acoustic markers of Schizotypy, Depression and Anxiety.
Authors: Olah Julianna , Diederen Kelly , Gibbs-Dean Toni , Kempton Matthew J , Dobson Richard , Spencer Thomas , Cummins Nicholas
Published: November 2022

Background
Remote assessment of acoustic alterations in speech holds promise to increase scalability and validity in research across the psychosis spectrum. A feasible first step in establishing a procedure for online assessments is to assess acoustic alterations in psychometric schizotypy. However, to date, the complex relationship between alterations in speech related to schizotypy and those related to comorbid conditions such as symptoms of depression and anxiety has not been investigated. This study tested whether (1) depression, generalized anxiety and high psychometric schizotypy have similar voice characteristics, (2) which acoustic markers of online collected speech are the strongest predictors of psychometric schizotypy, (3) whether controlling for generalized anxiety and depression symptoms can improve the prediction of schizotypy.
Methods
We collected cross-sectional, online-recorded speech data from 441 participants, assessing demographics, symptoms of depression, generalized anxiety and psychometric schizotypy.
Results
Speech samples collected online could predict psychometric schizotypy, depression, and anxiety symptoms, however, most influential features of these models largely overlapped. The predictive power of speech marker-based models of schizotypy significantly improved after controlling for symptoms of depression and generalized anxiety (from R2 = 0.296 to R2 = 0. 436).
Conclusions
Acoustic features of online collected speech are predictive of psychometric schizotypy as well as generalized anxiety and depression symptoms. The acoustic characteristics of schizotypy, depression and anxiety symptoms significantly overlap. Speech models that are designed to predict schizotypy or symptoms of the schizophrenia spectrum might therefore benefit from controlling for symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Efficacy of homoeopathic treatment: Systematic review of meta-analyses of randomised placebo-controlled homoeopathy trials for any indication
Authors: Hamre Harald Johan , Glockmann Anja , von Ammon Klaus , Riley David S , Kiene Helmut
Published: November 2022

Background and objective
Since 1997 several meta-analyses (MA) of placebo-controlled randomised efficacy trials of homoeopathy for any indication (PRETHAI) have been published, with different methods, results, and conclusions. To date, a formal assessment of these MA has not been undertaken. Main research objective for this systematic review was efficacy of homoeopathic treatment in MA of PRETHAI.
Methods
Inclusion criteria: MA of PRETHAI in humans; all ages, countries, settings, publication languages; published 1.1.1990-31.10.2020. Exclusion criteria: systematic reviews without MA; MA restricted to age or gender groups, specific indications, or specific homoeopathic treatments; MA not including efficacy. We searched 8 online databases (completed 14.12.2020).
Primary outcome was the effect estimate for all included trials in each MA and after sample restriction to trials of higher methodological quality, according to predefined criteria. Risk of bias of MA was assessed by ROBIS. Quality of evidence was assessed by GRADE. Data synthesis was the proportion of MA showing a significant positive effect of homoeopathy vs. no significant difference.
Results
Six MA were included, covering individualised homoeopathy (I-HOM, n = 2), non-individualised homoeopathy (NI-HOM, n = 1) and all homoeopathy types (ALL-HOM = I-HOM + NI-HOM, n = 3), respectively. The MA comprised between 16 and 110 trials, published 1943-2014, with a median trial sample size of 45 to 97 patients. Risk of bias (low/unclear/high) was rated as low for three MA and high for three.
Effect estimates for all trials in each MA showed a significant positive effect of homoeopathy, compared to placebo (5 of 5 MA, no data in 1 MA). Sample restriction to high-quality trials was available from 4 trials, the effect remained significant in 3 MA (thereof 2x ALL-HOM, 1x I-HOM) and was no longer significant in 1 MA of NI-HOM.
Discussion
The quality of evidence for positive effects of homoeopathy beyond placebo (high / moderate / low / very low) was high for I-HOM and moderate for ALL-HOM as well as for NI-HOM. There was no support for the alternative hypothesis of no outcome difference between homoeopathy and placebo.
The available MA of PRETHAI show significant positive effects of homoeopathy beyond placebo. This is in accordance with laboratory experiments showing effects, in part reproducible, of homoeopathically potentised preparations in physico-chemical, in-vitro, plant-based and animal-based test systems.
Other
Primary funding sources: Christophorus-Stiftung, Stuttgart, DE; Stiftung Marion Meyenburg, Hamburg, DE; Dr. Hauschka-Stiftung, Bad Boll/Eckwälden, DE. Registration: PROSPERO, CRD42020209661
Molecular identification and genetic characterization of Theileria and Anapalsma in naturally infected sheep and goats of North Gujarat
Authors: Prajapati Ankit , Prajapati Bhavesh , Patel Arun , Chauhan Prakash , Das Bhupamani , Raval Samir , Suthar Abhinav , Sutariya Tarun , Chaudhari Ravji , Patel Pankaj , Chauhan Vandip , Patel Ramesh
Published: November 2022

Ticks and tick-borne diseases are significant health concerns in small ruminants. The present study was conducted to identify and characterize the genetic makeup of Theileria and Anapalsma species in sheep and goats located in different districts of North Gujarat. A total of 226 blood samples were collected from sheep (n=78) and goats (n=148) viz. Banaskantha (n=175), Patan (n=26), and Bhuj (n=25). PCR was carried out using a species-specific primer of Theileria targeting 18S rRNA, SSU rRNA, and Anapalsma targetting the msp5 gene. A total of 29/78 (37.18%) sheep and 16/148 (10.81%) goats were found positive for Theileria. At the same time, 12/78 (15.38%) sheep and 38/148 (25.68%) goats were found positive for Anaplasma infection. Moreover, mixed infection was found in 10/226 (4.42%) sheep and goats. Tick-borne diseases were more prevalent in females compared to male sheep and goats. Theileria infection was more common in sheep, whereas Anapalsma was more dominant in goats of north Gujarat. Sequencing of six positive samples revealed the T. ovis and A. ovis infections in sheep and goats. Phylogenetic analysis of T. ovis SSU rRNA and Anaplasma spp. msp5 revealed that the pathogens identified in this study are clustered together, indicating similar molecular characteristics. Hyaloma and Rhipicephalus were common ticks identified in sheep and goats. We concluded that Theileria and Anaplasma are highly prevalent in the study area, and continuous monitoring of sheep and goats in North Gujarat is highly required. This is the first scientific report on Theileria and Anaplasma co-infections in sheep and goats from North Gujarat.
Equity and trends in general practitioners’ allocation in China: Based on ten years of data from 2012-2021
Authors: Kou Ruxin , Mei Kangni , Bi Yuqing , Huang Jingwen , Yang Shilan , Chen Kexuan , weili
Published: November 2022

Background
General practitioners (GP) are the gatekeepers of residents' health, and 2021 is the 10th year of the establishment of the GP system in China. This study aims to assess the equity and trends of GP allocation in China from 2012–2021, summarize the efforts and progress of GPs in China during the decade, and predict the development trend of GPs in mainland China in the next five years to provide a reference for regional health planning and rational allocation of GPs in China.
Methods
Data from 2012 to 2021 on GPs in 22 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, and 4 municipalities directly under the central government in mainland China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) are collected by us. Gini coefficient, Lorenz curve and health resource agglomeration degree (HRAD) were used to analyze the equity of the allocation of GPs in China from different dimensions, and a Grey forecasting model was used to forecast the number of GPs in 2022–2026.
Results
The number of GPs in mainland China increased from 109,794 to 434,868 from 2012–2021, with 3.08 GPs per 10,000 people. The Gini coefficient of GPs allocation by population in China decreased from 0.312 to 0.147 from 2012–2021, while the Gini coefficient of geographic dimension remained between 0.7 ~ 0.75. Compared with the degree of curvature of the Lorentz curve in the geographic dimension, the degree of curvature of the population and economic dimension were smaller. In 2021, the HRAD in the Eastern region was 4.618, and the Central region was 1.493, with different degrees of imbalance among regions, and the HRAD/PAD in the Eastern, Central and Western regions were 1.196, 0.880 and 0.821, respectively. GPs in the Eastern region is still concentrated, while the Central and Western regions were at a similar level, and GPs were more scarce. The Grey forecasting model predicts that the number of GPs in mainland China will reach about 720,000 in 2026, and the number of GPs per 10,000 people will reach 4.9.
Conclusion
After a decade of development, the number of GPs in China has increased significantly. It has reached the goal of the GP system when it was first established. However, the equity of the geographical dimension, both in terms of Gini coefficient and HRAD, has great differences between different regions, and at a low level. The Western region has the problem of insufficient GP allocation in both population and geographical dimension. In the future, the number of GPs in China will continue to grow rapidly with the support of policies. The "2030" goal, proposed in 2018, is expected to be achieved by 2026. But due to certain factors (such as COVID-19), the actual situation may be different from the predicted results.
Morphological and molecular characterization based on ITS-2 of Moniezia expansa Rudolphi, 1810 (Anoplocephalidae) isolated from the intestine of sheep, Ovis aries (Bovidae) from Egypt
Authors: Hassanein Hassan A , Elsayed Ayman Nabil , Abdelaal Mohamed , Abdel-Aziz Ahmed
Published: November 2022

One hundred and twenty small intestines of sheep obtained from the Basateen Automated Slaughterhouse in Cairo, Egypt, between February 2021 and May 2021 were examined for cestodes. The cestode observed was Moniezia expansa (10.8%). It was measured 175–200 cm in length and varied in width according to the maturation of proglottids. Scolex was measured 0.75–0.88 mm in size and composed of a clear apical region without a rostellum. It had four conspicuous suckers with diameters of 0.25–0.31 mm. Scolex was followed by an unsegmented neck and proglottids. Proglottids were substantially wider than they were long. The immature proglottids measured 0.35–0.60 mm in length and 1.97–3.20 mm in width, without obvious structures. While mature proglottids were measured 0.70–1.40 mm in length and 6.75–8.25 mm in width and possess completely formed reproductive organs. The gravid proglottids were measured 1.38–4.43 mm in length and 14.25–16.75 mm in width, packed with eggs, and came towards the end of the strobila. PCR amplification produced a fragment of approximately 800 bp in size. The analyses showed distinct genotypes with sequence identities that ranged from 98.90–100% when compared to the GenBank sequences of M. expansa. The variation of evolutionary divergences was extended from 0.000 to 1.356 for Moniezia spp. and another genus of cestodes. Based on morphological traits and molecular analyses, the currently isolated worms were confirmed as M. expansa.
Y-type Hexagonal Ferrite-based Band-Pass Filter with Dual Magnetic and Electric Field Tunability
Authors: Popov Maksym , Xiong Yuzan , Zavislyak Igor , Chumak Hryhorii , Fedorchuk Oleksandr , Saha Sujoy , Bidthanapally Rao , Qu Hongwei , Page Michael R. , Sriniva Gopalan
Published: November 2022

This work is on the design, fabrication and characterization of a hexagonal ferrite band-pass filter that can be tuned either with a magnetic field or an electric field. The filter operation is based on a straight-edge Y-type hexagonal ferrite resonator symmetrically coupled to the input and output microstrip transmission lines. The Zn2Y filter demonstrated magnetic field tunability in the 8-12 GHz frequency range by applying an in-plane bias magnetic field H0 provided by a built-in permanent magnet. The insertion loss and 3 dB bandwidth within this band were 8.6±0.4 dB and 350±40 MHz, respectively. The electric field E tunability of the pass-band of the device was facilitated by the nonlinear magnetoelectric effect (NLME) in the ferrite. The E-tuning of the center frequency of the filter by (1150±90) MHz was obtained for an input DC electric power of 200 mW. With efforts directed at a significant reduction in the insertion loss, the compact and power efficient magnetic and electric filed tunable Zn2Y band-pass filter has the potential for use in novel reconfigurable RF/microwave devices and communication systems.
Silicon Nutrition in Young Olive Plants: Effect of Dose, Application Method, and Cultivar
Authors: Nascimento-Silva Kelly , Benlloch-González María , Fernández-Escobar Ricardo
Published: November 2022

Silicon (Si) is a nonessential element for plant growth, but it influences the tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses in many plant species. Most research about the uptake and beneficial effects of Si in plants has been carried out on monocotyledonous species, Si-accumulating plants. Little attention has been paid to woody crops, characterized as low-Si-accumulating plants. In this sense, available information about Si nutrition in olive trees is scarce. Therefore, this work aimed to study the effect of Si application on the uptake, accumulation, and organ distribution of Si in young olive plants by analyzing the influence of the dose, the method of application, and the cultivar. Three experiments were conducted under shade-house conditions with mist-rooted ‘Arbequina’ and ‘Picual’. The treatments consisted of different Si doses, ranging from 0 to 20 mg·L−1, depending on the experiment, applied by foliar sprays or through the irrigation water. Choline-stabilized orthosilicic acid (H4O4Si) was used as the source of Si. Results indicated that after 120 days of Si treatments, this element was accumulated in major proportion in the roots, followed by the leaves and the shoot of the plants. Si organ concentration increased according to the doses applied, independently of the olive cultivar and the method of Si application. Differences in leaf Si accumulation between treated and control plants were evident 60 days after its application. The dose of 20 mg·L−1 was the most effective to increase Si level in leaves under the trial conditions. Si is recommended to be applied periodically to ensure its accumulation in growing leaves.
Estrategias de clasificación en niños preescolares
Authors: Sánchez Ríos Hernán
Published: November 2022

La clasificación es una capacidad representacional que le permite a los niños, desde temprana edad, construir categorías con los objetos con los que se relacionan cotidianamente para agruparlos de acuerdo con sus semejanzas y ordenarlos en función de sus diferencias. Este estudio de carácter exploratorio descriptivo, con un diseño transversal, analiza las estrategias de clasificación que utilizan 405 niños de tres, cuatro y cinco años, que viven en sectores urbanos pobres de Cali y Santa Marta. El modelo de análisis microgenético hizo posible identificar las estrategias diferenciadas que emplean los niños en la resolución de un problema que demanda el uso de la clasificación multiplicativa. Los resultados muestran que los niveles de desempeño al resolver la problemática fueron significativamente altos para los tres grupos de edad. La investigación favoreció examinar la complejidad progresiva de los esquemas de acción que subyacen a las estrategias de resolución que exigen el empleo de la clasificación multiplicativa con el propósito de inferir la actividad cognitiva de los niños, documentar el fenómeno de la variabilidad y analizar los procesos de cambio en el pensamiento de los niños preescolares en función de lo que saben y pueden hacer.
Effect of land use change on climate elasticity of water quality at multiple spatial scales
Authors: Khan Mehran , Khan Sunaid , Ullah Khan Afed , Noman Muhammad , Usama Muhammad , Ahmad Khan Fayaz , Haleem Kashif , Khan Jehanzeb
Published: November 2022

Investigating the influence of land use change on climate elasticity of water quality (CEWQ) at multiple spatial scales is very critical for sustainable water management policies. The current research work investigated land use change–water–climate nexus through the lens of 32 water quality monitoring sites located at major rivers of Pakistan. The novelty of the current research work is the assessment of the instability consequences of precipitation and temperature CEWQ indicators owing to land use dynamics (2001–2019) at both sub-watershed and buffer scales. Precipitation elasticity values are lower and spatially homogeneous in comparison with temperature elasticity. Majority CEWQ-land use correlation coefficients have not shown any temporal trend with land use change except a few CEWQ indicators, namely pH, CO3, F, Ca, SiO2, silt, and clay. Temperature CEWQ developed many linear models with land use in comparison with precipitation CEWQ. A small number of land use classes cause instability consequences at the buffer scale in comparison with the sub-watershed scale. Savanna, shrublands, and ice and snow decline instability consequences of CEWQ indicators at both spatial scales. The identified land use classes that bring stability in CEWQ indicators are recommended to be incorporated in watershed management policies to bring sustainability in the aquatic environment.
Simplified approach for determination of parameters for Kostiakov's infiltration equation
Authors: Gebul Mekonen Ayana
Published: November 2022

Knowledge of soil infiltration characteristics is required increasingly for the proper design and efficient management of irrigation. Various empirical and physically based infiltration models have been used for several years, but the practical use of many is limited by parameter determination problems, which, in turn, are influenced by factors acting at the surface and within the soil, initial and boundary conditions, etc. In this study, a simplified approach for determining parameters for the Kostiakov equation was tested and validated. The equation's linearized form, using logarithmic transformation and field data collected from five sites, was employed. The results show that cumulative infiltration can be described well using the approach. Its quality is also confirmed by performance indices like R2 and standard error, whose values ranged from 0.985 to 0.999 and 0.020 to 0.005, respectively, suggesting that the simplified approach described is sufficient for practical purposes, when data are too scarce to apply other, complex methods to predict cumulative infiltration.
Removal of levofloxacin by persulfate activated by nZVI/Co/N-CNT
Authors: Jia Xiaoning , Xu Miao , Li Cailan , Cai Yongjie , Wu Tong , Huang Jing
Published: November 2022

A composite catalyst nZVI/Co/N-CNT was prepared by loading nano-zero-valent iron-cobalt bimetals on porous materials (N-CNT) by a liquid-phase reduction method. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the X-ray electron spectroscopy (XPS) characterization method were used to characterize and analyze the structure of the prepared samples. The effects of different factors on the removal of levofloxacin (LOF) by the nZVI/Co/N-CNT activated persulfate (PMS) system were compared. The results show that the removal rate of LOF can reach 98.14% when the LOF concentration is 20 mg/L, the iron-cobalt molar ratio is 5:1, the dosage of nZVI/Co/N-CNT is 0.3 g·L−1, and the dosage of PMS is 0.2 g·L−1 and pH = 7. Free radical quenching experiments showed that SO4−· and ·OH coexisted during the reaction, and ·OH was the main active species, and the possible removal mechanism of LOF was speculated.
Chemical Synthesis of Chitin Binding Domain of Potato WIN2 Protein
Authors: Muraki Michiro , Morii Hisayuki , Harata Kazuaki
Published: November 2022

The N-terminal domain of potato WIN2 protein, a 43-residue polypeptide, was synthesized by Fmoc solid phase methodology. The refolded sample in the presence of a glutathione oxidoreduction buffer was identified as the disulfides-bridged molecule accompanied with the formation of a pyroglutamate residue by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The purified sample showed a strong binding activity toward solid chitin and the binding behavior was very similar to the lectin UDA.
Major Structural Reorganisation Most Likely Accompanies the Transient Formation
of a Physiological Electron Transfer Complex
Authors: Sutcliffe Michael J. , Chohan Kamaldeep K. , Scrutton Nigel S.
Published: November 2022

Modelling studies coupled with experimental observations show that the transfer of electrons from trimethylamine dehydrogenase to its electron transferring flavoprotein (ETF) requires a large quaternary change in ETF. These studies describe for the first time how complex and substantial changes in quaternary structure could control interprotein electron transfer reactions, and direct electrons onto specific and ntended redox partners.
Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology of Pyrethrum
tatsienense (Bureau & Franch.) Ling ex C. Shih: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Wu Guang , Guan Yang , Chen Jie , Zhu Mei-Ning , Qiu Yong-Wei , Zhu Cai-Qing , Wu Yong-Zhong , Zhong Guo-Yue , Ma Qin-Ge , Wei Rong-Rui
Published: November 2022

Background:

Pyrethrum tatsienense (Bureau & Franch.) Ling ex C. Shih (PTLCS) belongs
to the family Compositae, which is a perennial medicinal plant mainly distributed in the
Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the ethnopharmacology,
phytochemistry, and pharmacology of PTLCS. This review offers valuable references
and guidance for researching PTLCS in depth.

Methods:

The related references of PTLCS were retrieved from an online database, such as Web of
Science, Google Scholar, SciFinder, PubMed, SpringLink, Elsevier, Willy, CNKI, and so on.

Results:

PTLCS is widely reported for treating headaches, head injuries, traumatic injuries, anabrosis,
impetigo, hepatitis, and other diseases in the medical field. Phytochemical research revealed
that this plant contained flavonoid aglycones, flavonoid glycosides, xanthones, triterpenoids, coumarins,
polyacetylenes, volatile oils, and other compounds. Meanwhile, PTLCS exhibited extensive
pharmacological activities including anti-cardiac ischemia, anti-hypoxia, hepatoprotective, anti-
inflammatory and analgesic, and antioxidant activities.

Conclusions:

PTLCS is widely used as a Tibetan medicine, which has a variety of chemicals with
diverse bioactivities. Therefore, further studies are necessary to perform on the PTLCS to assay biological
activities, discover their bioactive constituents, and reveal pharmacological mechanisms.
This review may supply an important theoretical basis and valuable reference for in-depth research
and exploitations of PTLCS.
Gastric Cancer Growth Modulated by circSNTB2/miR-6938-5p/G0S2 and
PDCD4
Authors: Rong Baohai , Chen Xiqi , Xie Guangdong , Han Letian , Chen Hanhan , Sun Qingying , Zhou Yongkun
Published: November 2022

Background:

Gastric cancer (GC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related
death worldwide. Increasing studies have indicated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play critical
roles in cancer progression. However, the precise mechanism and functions of most circRNAs are
still unknown in gastric cancer.

Methods:

In the present study, we aim to uncover the mechanism by which circRNAs regulate gastric
cancer tumorigenesis. By analyzing the microarray data, we screened differential expressed circRNAs in
the gastric cancer group and identified a down-regulated circRNA, hsa_circ_0040039 (circSNTB2). Mechanically,
circSNTB2 served as a sponge for the miR-6938-5p and up-regulated its expression.

Results:

Meanwhile, G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) and programmed cell death gene 4 (PDCD4)
were identified to be the aim genes of miR-6938-5p, constructing circSNTB2/miR-6938-5p/G0S2
and PDCD4 pathways.

Conclusion:

Taken together, our findings demonstrated that circSNTB2 plays an essential role in
gastric cancer by regulating miR-6938-5p through G0S2 and PDCD4 genes. CircSNTB2 could be
a promising biomarker for GC diagnosis and targeted therapy.
Melanocortin Receptors: Emerging Targets for the Treatment of Pigmentation,
Inflammation, Stress, Weight Disorders and Sexual Dysfunction
Authors: Maurya Miteshkumar Rajaram , Munshi Renuka , Zambare Sachin
Published: November 2022

Melanocortins are tiny protein molecules formed by the post-translational cleavage of proopiomelanocortin. These are bioactive peptides that are responsible for human and lower animal pigmentation patterns, energy homeostasis, and sexual function modulation. These peptides regulate numerous physiological functions by being generated in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. Melanocortins elicit their varied biological effects by binding to a separate family of G protein, two primary proteolytic enzymes, proconvertases 1 and 2, according to recent research. These breakthroughs have opened up new avenues for research into the role of melanocortins, antagonists, and receptors in a number of physiological activities.
Lightweight Carbon Composite Foams for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Applications
Authors: Kumar Rajeev , Gupta Tejendra K. , Dwivedi Neeraj , Mondal D.P.
Published: November 2022

In the modern technological era, various electronic devices are being widely used in proportion to the fast-growing demand in society. These devices have created electronic pollutions such as electronic noise, electromagnetic interference (EMI), and radiofrequency interference (RFI), leading to improper functioning of electronic devices. In view of mitigating these detrimental effects, strong EMI shielding materials are required. In recent years, carbon composite foams have attracted worldwide interest due to their outstanding properties such as lightweight, interconnected porosity, high surface area, excellent corrosion resistance, superior electrical and thermal properties that are highly useful for suppressing electromagnetic noises. In this chapter, several carbon foam preparation methods, such as the foaming method, pressure release method, template method, etc., are described. The effect of precursors like pitches, resins, polymers, and biodegradable materials on the microstructure, electrical, and EMI shielding properties of carbon composite foams have been studied. The influences of different fillers such as CNT, graphene, MXene, metals, and magnetic materials on the electrical conductivity and EMI shielding properties of carbon composite foams have been deeply reviewed. The EMI shielding, density, and thickness of carbon composite foam with various loading of fillers are summarized in tables in this chapter, which will provide readers with useful information. In the last section, current challenges and future research directions of this growing field are also discussed.
Synthesis of Poly (3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene) Conducting Polymer Composites for EMI Shielding Applications
Authors: Farukh M. , Dalal Jasvir , Ohlan Anil , Dhawan S. K.
Published: November 2022

This chapter gives a brief oversight of the preparation, characterization, and electromagnetic interference shielding studies of conducting polymer and MWCNT composites. The different approaches have been implemented to fabricate composites, which are used as EMI shielding materials. The key emphasis has been given to PEDOT conducting polymer, which is synthesized via emulsion polymerization. The topographical and chemical analyses of polymer composite samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermo gravimetric analysis, and Raman spectroscopy. The dielectric and electromagnetic shielding measurements of the polymer composites were conducted by a vector network analyzer. In addition, PEDOT/MWCNT coated polyurethane foam usage as an antistatic material has also been discussed in this chapter.