bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender disparities in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia: Insights from a comprehensive analysis.
Authors: Kaldas David , Thapa Shrinjaya , Shariff Bushra , Modukuri Shrikar , Shain Kenneth H. , Blue Brandon Jamaal , Chavez Julio C. , Baz Rachid C. , Grajales-Cruz Ariel Felipe
Published: June 2024

e19064

Background: Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare, complex hematological malignancy with paucity of research about the landscape of gender disparities regarding clinical phenotype, genotype and outcomes. The aim of our abstract to identify those gender-based variations in WM. Methods: This is a retrospective study using a large WM database at Moffitt Cancer Center (MCC). We reviewed the baseline characteristics and molecular information of patients evaluated at MCC from years 1995 to 2020 and outcomes based on gender. Chi-square tests were used for comparing categorical variables and t-test for continuous variables. Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare survival. Results: Total of 265 patients with WM were identified, 63% (167) were males and 37% (98) were females. Mean age at diagnosis was 76 years for both groups, most of the patients were white non-Hispanics (94% in men vs 96% in women) (P=0.09) and had performance status (PS) 0 at diagnosis, 63% in men, 70% in women. The table summarizes baseline characteristics based on gender, men had slightly lower hemoglobin mean 11.1 vs11.5 in women (P =0.013), lower platelet count mean 209 vs 264 in women (P=<0.001) and slightly lower albumin mean 3.8 vs 3.92 in women (P=0.0445). Hyperviscosity and plasmapheresis were more in women 10% vs 2% in men (P=<0.001), Cryoglobulinemia was more in men 11% vs 1% (P=<0.001). There were no statically significant gender differences based on the presence of mutations in MYD88, CXCR4, tp53, or del6q. The median overall survival (mOS) was slightly longer in lower-risk WM female pts, but not in high-risk (based on International Prognostic Scoring System for WM). The overall mOS was 98 months (mo) for females compared to 95 for males, P=0.004. The mOS for low-risk WM was 137 vs 132 mo, for intermediate risk 89 vs 87 mo, and for high-risk 37 vs 39 mo respectively for females and males (P=<0.001). The rate of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma transformation was not different (7% and 4%, respectively for women and men, (P=0.11) Women were more likely to respond to Bendamustine + Rituximab (BR)/BR + steroids than men (43%vs 25%, p=0.04)There were no differences in response to Cytoxan+ Rituximab+ Prednisone, Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitors, or Venetoclax treatment. Conclusions: This retrospective review of a large database of WM patients highlights important gender differences in clinical WM disease features. Women had better overall survival, mainly in lower risk WM and higher responses to immunosuppressive therapy. Although disparities in WM may be multifactorial, disparities based on gender needs more studies to be explored for better understanding of the disease biology and outcomes. [Table: see text]
Effect of 1-L-MT on immunotherapy of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma via downregulation of PD-L1.
Authors: Chengtao Sun , Xu Xue , Yao Chunping
Published: June 2024

e19066

Background: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common lymphoma, accounting for more than 30% of all cases. Although with the development of treatment, the 5 years overall survival rates remain low, range from 30%-50% for all DLBCL patients. In addition to R-CHOP, immunotherapy has attracted much attention. However, the single-agent activity of most immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in DLBCL has been overwhelmingly disappointing. It is urgent to develop new methods to enhance the efficacy of DLBCL treatment. Our previous study demonstrated that 1-L-MT, an IDO1 inhibitor, can inhibit tumor growth of DLBCL. Here, we investigate whether 1-L-MT promotes antitumor immunity of ICI in DLBCL. Methods: The role of 1-L-MT on cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in NOD/SCID mice were investigated. RNA-seq analysis was performed in 1-L-MT treated and control OCI-Ly10 cells. ChIP assay was performed using AhR-precipitated DNA samples of OCI-Ly10 cells (treated with or without 1-L-MT) and primers for PD-L1, and he expression of PD-L1 was evaluated by RT-qPCR. The combination of 1-L-MT and PD-1 blockade therapy were performed in C57BL/6 mouse bearing tumor cells to evaluate the antitumor activity. Results: In our study, IDO1 inhibitor 1-L-MT sensitized diffuse large B cell lymphoma to immunotherapy via downregulation of PD-L1. Further study confirmed that 1-L-MT could reduce the expression of PD-L1 and upregulate the expression of MHC-I antigen presentation factors. In addition, RNA-seq and bioinformatics analysis revealed that the transcription factor AhR may involved in the downregulation of PD-L1 transcription level induced by 1-L-MT. Mechanistically, ChIP and RT-qPCR assays were conducted to test AhR-PD-L1 interaction, and the results showed that AhR directly bound the promoter of PD-L1. 1-L-MT-mediated PD-L1 reduction promoted T cell activation and T cell killing of tumor cells. The combination of 1-L-MT and anti PD-1 antibody significantly inhibited DLBCL growth and extends the lifespan of tumor-bearing mice. Conclusions: Our study unveiled a mechanism by which 1-L-MT induces PD-L1 downregulation via AhR and provides methods to facilitate immunotherapy in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The present study may provide a theoretical foundation for overcoming the challenge of low-sensitivity to immunotherapy in DLBCL.
External validation of the lactate dehydrogenase/albumin ratio as a clinical predictor of overall survival in Peruvians with diffuse large B cell lymphoma.
Authors: Pichardo-Rodriguez Rafael , Beltran Garate Brady E , Castro-Uriol Denisse , Paredes-Noguni Sally , Vela-Ruiz Manuel , Alarcon Rozas Ashley Efrain , De La Cruz-Vargas Jhony A. , Vilela Luis
Published: June 2024

e19072

Background: The lactate dehydrogenase/albumin ratio (RLA), a potentially promising inflammatory biomarker derived from the division of serum lactate dehydrogenase and albumin values, has shown a strong correlation with overall survival (OS) in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, its validity in our specific population requires confirmation. We aimed to validate the RLA as an early predictor of OS in a cohort of Peruvian patients with DLBCL. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study recruiting consecutive patients diagnosed between 2009 and 2017, with the last follow-up on July 1, 2022, at the National Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins and the Maria Auxiliadora Hospital. The optimal cutoff point for RLA was estimated using ROC curve analysis, and survival curves were plotted and analyzed using Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier methods with the Log-Rank test. Results: A total of 283 patients with a median follow-up of 2.6 (range: 0.02-10.51) years were included. The optimal cutoff point for RLA was established at 23.6. Values below 23.6 were associated with poor OS when comparing survival curves (p<0.001). In the multivariate model, a prognostic association was found between RLA and OS (HR: 3.37, 95% CI: 1.78-6.39, p<0.001). Conclusions: The RLA is confirmed as a valid biomarker in our population for predicting OS in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), allowing for early evaluation. [Table: see text]
Characteristics and outcomes of plasmablastic lymphoma in a predominantly Hispanic population.
Authors: Kolawa Adam Alexander , McLain Julian Hardy , Ye Shirley , Siddiqi Imran , Mohrbacher Ann
Published: June 2024

e19079

Background: Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and is frequently associated with immunosuppression. PBL displays immunoblastic morphology and a plasma cell immunophenotype. Data regarding patient characteristics, outcomes, and optimal treatment for this disease is limited. The reported prognosis of patients with PBL has been historically poor, with median overall survival ranging from 6 to 18 months. A recent publication of the SEER/NCDB database found a significantly improved OS in the Hispanic population (HR 0.7, p=0.014). This study investigates demographic, treatment, and survival outcomes for a primarily Hispanic PBL population. Methods: We identified 42 cases of pathologically confirmed PBL at two high volume tertiary care centers in Southern California between March 2010 and June 2023. Chart review was used to collect data on clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes. Results: Median age of patients at diagnosis was 46 years (range 17-91 years) and 90% were male. Hispanic patients represented 81% of the total cohort. Predisposing immunosuppression was identified in 60%, and 50% of the total cohort were HIV-positive. Pathologic analysis showed EBV positivity by EBER in situ hybridization in 67%. 76% of patients presented with advanced disease (Stage III/IV). The most common regimens were EPOCH (27%) and V-EPOCH (49%). Response rates and CR rates were 63% and 50% respectively. Median follow-up was 10.5 months. OS was 72% at 1-year and 60% at 2-years. Conclusions: Our cohort demonstrated a 1-year OS of 72% compared to the 56% 1-year OS for PBLs in the SEER/NCDB database. There was no statistically significant difference in survival between the Hispanic and Non-Hispanic cohorts in our study. However, this is likely due to the small sample size in the latter. Notably, our patient population had more advanced disease at presentation (76% Stage III/IV) than the SEER/NCDB cohort (60% Stage III/IV). This improved survival is likely multifactorial, but could represent ethnic differences in PBL biology, high EBV positivity, and the frequent utilization of higher intensity regimens (EPOCH/V-EPOCH = 76%). Further studies are needed to better characterize this disease in the Hispanic population. [Table: see text]
Epidemiological insights and survival patterns of HHV8-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (HDN) associated with multicentric Castleman disease (CD): A comprehensive analysis using SEER database.
Authors: Bharathi Vanthana , Farooq Aamer
Published: June 2024

e19080

Background: Castleman Disease (CD) encompasses a diverse range of lymphoproliferative disorders, featuring subtypes like unicentric CD (UCD), multicentric CD (MCD), HHV-8 associated multicentric CD, and HHV-8 negative/idiopathic MCD (iMCD). HDN is a rare and aggressive lymphoma often linked with HHV8-positive multicentric Castleman disease (CD). It often manifests without any other obvious symptoms and may be confused with other causes of lymph nodal enlargement. The epidemiology, treatment patterns, and survival outcomes of HDN are poorly understood, prompting this study to explore CD's epidemiology using the National Cancer Institute's SEER database. Methods: Using SEER 2000-2020, we identified 77 CD cases through ICD Code 9738 for Large B Cell Lymph HHV8 Multicentric Castleman Disease. Demographic, socio-economic, clinicopathologic characteristics, and survival outcomes were assessed. Secondary-primary malignancy risk (SIR) and mortality risk (SMR) were both calculated with observed to expected (O:E) ratios from the general population, with significance set at P < 0.05 and 95% CIs. Results: The median age at diagnosis was 51.7 years. The primary site distribution was mainly nodal (77.9%), while the extra nodal sites were rarely involved (22.1%). Only 3.8% of patients received radiotherapy, while 50.6% received chemotherapy. The patients were predominantly male (80.5%) and White (63.6%). Patients with a household income above $65,000 accounted for 75.3%. At diagnosis, 33.7% of the patients were married. Survivors had increased risk of malignancies at all sites (O:E 7.75, 95% CI: 0.94-28.01) and significantly increased risk of all solid tumors (O:E 8.95, 95% CI: 1.08-32.32), malignancy of kidney and renal pelvis (O:E 88.37, 95% CI: 2.24-492.36) and Kaposi Sarcoma (O:E 2,329.89, 95% CI: 58.99-12,981.34) within one year. The two most common causes of death in the CD cohort were infectious and parasitic diseases, including HIV, and malignant cancers. The 1-year, 3-year and 5-year Overall survival was 63.6%, 59.7%, and 54.4% respectively, and the corresponding Cancer-specific survival was 68.8%, 68.8%, and 65.7%, respectively. Conclusions: This study sheds light on the epidemiology of HDN. Despite the rarity of HDN, our analysis of data reveals key demographic and clinical characteristics of HDN patients. The survival outcomes indicate a challenging landscape, with notable risks of secondary malignancies, particularly within the first-year post-diagnosis. The identification of specific risks, treatment patterns, and survival rates contributes valuable insights for future research and clinical management strategies in addressing this aggressive lymphoma.
Can teclistamab be safely administered in the community? A single-center experience.
Authors: Jiwani Rahim , Maples Samantha , Sadashiv Santhosh , Mewawalla Prerna
Published: June 2024

e19502

Background: Majority of patients with multiple myeloma are treated in community settings. Teclistamab, a highly effective bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE), was approved for the treatment of relapsed refractory multiple myeloma but has the potentially lethal toxicity of cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Due to the risk of CRS, pharmacies/providers must be REMS-certified prior to prescribing treatment. CRS most commonly occurs after the 1st 3 doses with a median onset time of 2 days. The hospitals most comfortable administering and monitoring for BiTE toxicities are typically transplant/cellular therapy centers. Patients are hospitalized for 48 hours following the administration of first 3 doses. Subsequent outpatient treatment typically continues at these centers as well, limiting patient access to highly effective treatment. Whether teclistamab can safely be given in non-rapid response community infusion centers (CIC) with a less vigorous monitoring schedule is unknown. We established a monitoring guide to expand teclistamab accessibility to 18 (CIC) in our network. Methods: At AHN, a monitoring guide was devised for teclistamab (Table) based on existing safety data regarding the incidence and timing of CRS. Patients would be admitted for the 1st 3 doses and monitored for 48 hours after each dose. Starting with the 4th dose, teclistamab administration at CIC with no additional monitoring would be allowed if there were no CRS events with the immediately preceding dose. If the patient experienced a CRS event with the immediately preceding dose, the patient would be monitored for 1 hour until a dose was tolerated with no subsequent CRS events. Nursing and pharmacist education was arranged for all CIC regarding CRS identification and management. All CIC pharmacies were prospectively enrolled in the teclistamab REMS program at the time education was deployed. Prescribing providers were REMS certified as well. Results: Between 1/2023 and 1/2024, a total of 8 patients were treated at 6 CIC within AHN. Of those 6 centers, 3 were non-rapid response CIC. Out of the eight patients treated at local infusion centers, starting with the fourth teclistamab dose, none experienced CRS events. No additional safety occurred, and no patients were subsequently hospitalized for teclistamab toxicities. Conclusions: Teclistamab can be safely administered at CIC, including centers without rapid response capabilities, starting with the 4th dose after prior ramp-up administration. Post-injection monitoring may be reduced without increased incidence of CRS-related toxicities. Our monitoring guide may serve as a model for the safe administration of teclistamab and other BiTEs in CIC. [Table: see text]
Analyzing the impact of type 1 and type 2 diabetes on patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and multiple myeloma (MM): A retrospective study at a tertiary care center.
Authors: Thirugnanasambandam Ram Prakash
Published: June 2024

e19512

Background: Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS) and Multiple Myeloma (MM) are hematologic conditions characterized by demographic and clinical feature variations. Examining the prevalence and outcomes of MGUS and MM in individuals with different types of diabetes is crucial for personalized healthcare. The primary aim of this study was to explore potential differences in prevalence and outcomes between type 1 and type 2 diabetes populations. Methods: A cohort of 193 patients(pts),obtained from a large endocrine clinic in Brooklyn,New York, between 2015 and 2024, comprising 56 pts with MGUS and 137 pts with MM, was analyzed for demographic characteristics, comorbidities (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, chronic kidney disease), Hemoglobin A1C levels, and diabetes type. Fisher’s exact test and chi-square test were employed to assess the statistical significance of associations. Results: The cohort predominantly consisted of Black individuals (93%), with a statistically significant association between race and the conditions (p = 0.036). While gender distribution showed no significant association, a borderline significance was observed in the relationship between the type of diabetes and the conditions (p = 0.061). Age, co-morbidities, and Hemoglobin A1C levels did not exhibit significant associations with MGUS or MM. Conclusions: In conclusion, our preliminary analysis reveals significant associations between race and the potential links between types of diabetes and occurrences of MGUS and MM. Ongoing research aims to expand the cohort, addressing data limitations for a more comprehensive exploration. This study establishes a foundation for understanding and offers insights into personalized healthcare strategies for individuals with MGUS or MM who have diabetes. [Table: see text]
Characterization of atypical IGH rearrangement patterns in plasma cell neoplasms.
Authors: Owen Nichole , Bi Weimin , Zhao Xiaonan , Smith Janice
Published: June 2024

e19525

Background: Approximately half of plasma cell neoplasms carry a primary IGH rearrangement, the most common partners being t(4;14) FGFR3/IGH, t(11;14) CCND1/IGH, and t(14;16) IGH/MAF. While the typical IGH breakapart (BAP) patterns are well-described, atypical patterns are scarcely summarized in the literature. Characterizing atypical or variant patterns aid in the interpretation of positive results, the understanding of pathogenesis and clone evolution, and from a lab perspective, ranking probes for reflex when limited sample is available. Methods: Bone marrow samples underwent CD138 separation to enrich for plasma cells. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed using a panel of probes including the IGH BAP probe (3' red, 5' green). If the IGH BAP probe was positive for any typical or atypical pattern, reflex testing was initiated with dual fusion FISH probes for FGFR3, CCND1 and MAF. For all cases, a typical pattern for the IGH BAP is considered 1Y1R1G and atypical is any deviation from that pattern that includes at least one single red or green signal. For dual fusion probes, the typical pattern is considered 2Y1R1G. Results: Over a two year period at a reference laboratory, 184 bone marrow samples were positive for either a typical or an atypical IGH rearrangement by FISH and reflexed to the dual fusion FISH panel described above. Of these, 19 represented repeat samples from a previously tested patient; however, they were included in this study as clones often evolve leading to different patterns than observed previously. No patient was included more than twice. Of 184 samples, 105 were rearranged with CCND1, 24 with FGFR3, and 15 with MAF. The remaining 38 samples had an unknown partner. These figures approximate the relative frequency of each partner with typical rearrangements described in the literature, with CCND1 as the most common followed by FGFR3 and MAF. For cases with FGFR3 rearrangements, 11/24 had an atypical pattern with the IGH BAP probe. The 1Y1G (n=8) pattern was the most common; this pattern was rarely observed in cases of CCND1 or MAF. For cases with CCND1 rearrangements, 41 had atypical patterns; the most common was 1Y1R (n=22) followed by 1Y2R1G representing a gain of the der(14) (n=10). The 1Y1R pattern is enriched in CCND1 and MAF rearrangements and absent from FGFR3 cases. The 1Y2R1G pattern is unique to CCND1 in this cohort.For MAF, 8/15 cases had an atypical pattern including 5 with the 1Y1R pattern. Other rare atypical patterns were also observed. Conclusions: The most common atypical IGH BAP patterns are characterized and show non-random association with specific rearrangement partners. Utilizing specific atypical patterns as a guide may inform probe choices when limited plasma cells are available, and aid in the interpretation of positive results. [Table: see text]
Advancing Equity in Cancer Care: The Critical Role of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Data Collection
Authors: Wheldon Christopher W. , Sklarz Tammarah , Frosch Zachary A.K.
Published: June 2024

New study highlights critical gaps and opportunities to enhance equitable cancer care for sexual and gender minority patients.
On Artificial and Post-artificial Texts: Machine Learning and the Reader's Expectations of Literary and Non-literary Writing
Authors: Bajohr Hannes
Published: June 2024

With the advent of ChatGPT and other large language models, the number of artificial texts we encounter on a daily basis is about to increase substantially. This essay asks how this new textual situation may influence what one can call the “standard expectation of unknown texts,” which has always included the assumption that any text is the work of a human being. As more and more artificial writing begins to circulate, the essay argues, this standard expectation will shift—first, from the immediate assumption of human authorship to, second, a creeping doubt: did a machine write this? In the wake of what Matthew Kirschenbaum has called the “textpocalypse,” however, this state cannot be permanent. The author suggests that after this second transitional period, one may suspend the question of origins and, third, take on a post-artificial stance. One would then focus only on what a text says, not on who wrote it; post-artificial writing would be read with an agnostic attitude about its origins. This essay explores the implications of such post-artificiality by looking back to the early days of text synthesis, considering the limitations of aesthetic Turing tests, and indulging in reasoned speculation about the future of literary and nonliterary text generation.
Safety and Efficacy of Conscious Sedation Versus General Anesthesia for Distal Vessel Thrombectomy
Authors: Mehta Amol , Reddi Preethi , Goldman Daryl , Kellner Christopher P. , De Leacy Reade , Fifi Johanna T. , Mocco J. , Majidi Shahram
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Anesthesia modality for endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for distal and medium vessel occlusions remains an open question. General anesthesia (GA) may offer advantages over conscious sedation (CS) because of reduced patient movement facilitating catheter navigation, but concerns persist about potential delays and hypotension affecting collateral circulation.

METHODS:

In our prospectively maintained stroke registry from December 2014 to July 2023, we identified patients with distal and medium vessel occlusions defined as M2, M3, or M4 occlusion; A1 or A2 occlusion; and P1 or P2 occlusion, who underwent EVT for acute ischemic stroke. We compared patients who received CS with those who received GA. Primary outcomes were early neurological improvement (ENI), successful reperfusion, first-pass effect, and good outcome at 90 days. Secondary outcomes included intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and 90-day mortality.

RESULTS:

Of 279 patients, 69 (24.7%) received GA, whereas 193 (69.2%) received CS. CS was associated with higher odds of ENI compared with GA (odds ratio [OR] 2.59, 95% CI [1.04-6.98], P < .05). CS was also associated with higher rates of successful reperfusion (OR 2.33, 95% CI [1.11-4.93], P < .05). CS nonsignificantly trended toward lower rates of mortality (OR 0.51, 95% CI [0.2-1.3], P = .16). No differences in good outcome at 90 days, intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, or first-pass effect were seen.

CONCLUSION:

The use of CS during EVT seems to be safe and feasible with regard to successful recanalization, hemorrhagic complications, clinical outcome, and mortality. In addition, it may be associated with a higher rate of ENI. Further randomized studies in this specific EVT subpopulation are warranted.
Ανάπτυξη χαλύβων υψηλής αντοχής-χαμηλής κραμάτωσης, βασισμένων σε συνδυασμένες μικροκραματικές προσθήκες τιτανίου-βαναδίου
Authors: Δεληγιάννης Σταύρος
Published: June 2024

Οι χάλυβες υψηλής αντοχής – χαμηλής κραμάτωσης (High-Strength Low-Alloy Steels, HSLA) εφαρμόζονται ευρέως στην αυτοκινητοβιομηχανία, λόγω των εξαιρετικών μηχανικών τους ιδιοτήτων, όπως είναι η υψηλή αντοχή στον εφελκυσμό, η δυσθραυστότητα και η διαμορφωσιμότητα. Σκοπός της παρούσας διατριβής είναι η συσχέτιση των μικρογραφικών χαρακτηριστικών με τις μηχανικές ιδιότητες, δύο νέων πειραματικών τύπων χάλυβα HSLA, οι οποίοι χαρακτηρίζονται από ελεγχόμενες χημικές συστάσεις, βασισμένες στις μικροκραματικές προσθήκες τιτανίου και βαναδίου. Επιπρόσθετα, εκτενής μελέτη και αξιολόγηση της μικροδομής επιτυγχάνεται μέσω τεχνικών ηλεκτρονικής μικροσκοπίας, με στόχο την παρατήρηση των μηχανισμών σκλήρωσης που λαμβάνουν χώρα κατά τη διάρκεια των θερμομηχανικών κατεργασιών, οι οποίες πραγματοποιήθηκαν μέσω συστήματος Gleeble 3500.Πιο συγκεκριμένα, διερευνάται η συνδυασμένη επίδραση που έχουν η διαφορετική χημική σύσταση και οι παράμετροι που διέπουν τις κατεργασίες (θερμοκρασία τελικής παραμόρφωσης, θερμοκρασία συσπείρωσης και ρυθμός απόψυξης από το στάδιο τελικής παραμόρφωσης στη συσπείρωση) στη διαμόρφωση της μικρογραφικής δομής και κατ’ επέκταση στη μηχανική συμπεριφορά των υπό μελέτη υλικών. Τα αποτελέσματα της ηλεκτρονικής μικροσκοπίας καταδεικνύουν τον επιτυχημένο έλεγχο του μεγέθους των κόκκων του φερρίτη, μέσω της σκλήρωσης με εκλέπτυνση των κόκκων και μέσω κατακρήμνισης δευτερευουσών φάσεων, κυρίως καρβιδίων του τιτανίου και του βαναδίου. Ιδιαίτερη βάση δίνεται στο μέγεθος, στο κλάσμα όγκου, καθώς και στην κατανομή των κατακρημνίσεων σκλήρωσης και διερευνάται η επίδρασή τους στη σκληρότητα των δύο τύπων χάλυβα HSLA. Αξιολογώντας τα ευρήματα της παρούσας διατριβής, προσδιορίζεται ο βέλτιστος κύκλος θερμομηχανικών κατεργασιών για την παραγωγή προϊόντων θερμής διαμόρφωσης πειραματικών τύπων χάλυβα HSLA, η χημική σύσταση των οποίων βασίζεται στη συνδυασμένη μικροκραματική προσθήκη τιτανίου και βαναδίου.
Association between eNOS rs1799983 (894G>T) Polymorphism with Cancer and Stroke Risk: A meta-analysis
Authors: Tualeka Abdul Rohim , Jalaludin Juliana , Gasana Janvier , Sopian Nor Ashikin , Chao How Ran , Yusmaidie Mohd , Perumal Velu , Zurimi Suardi , Rahmawati Pudji , Ahsan Ahsan , Novianti Salsabila
Published: June 2024

Background Although numerous case-control studies have examined the role of nitric oxide, particularly the 894G>T polymorphism in the eNOS gene, in increasing the risk of stroke and cancer, there remains a need for a comprehensive meta-analysis to clarify these associations. This study aims to address this gap by thoroughly evaluating the relationship between the eNOS 894G>T polymorphism and the risks of cancer and stroke. Methods We conducted an exhaustive search across digital databases including Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2012-2023. A rigorous selection process was employed to include relevant studies, which were then analyzed using robust meta-analytical techniques to determine the association between the eNOS 894G>T polymorphism and the risks of cancer and stroke. Results In this meta-analysis, we combined data from 2,013 cases and 2,187 control subjects for cancer risk assessment and 1,006 cases with 1,146 control subjects for stroke risk evaluation. Our findings indicate that the eNOS 894G>T polymorphism is significantly associated with an increased risk of cancer when comparing GG vs. GT+TT genotypes. Additionally, there is a notable correlation between this polymorphism and stroke incidence under various genetic models (T vs. G, TT vs. GG + GT, GG + GT vs. TT). Conclusions The results of this meta-analysis suggest a significant association between the eNOS 894G>T polymorphism and increased risks of cancer and stroke. These findings underscore the importance of conducting future studies with larger sample sizes and more comprehensive analyses further to elucidate the role of nitric oxide in these diseases. This study addresses some concerns but further detailed and non-repetitive research is necessary for conclusive evidence.
Effect of fluticasone-impregnated throat packs on postoperative sore throat (POST) and hoarseness of voice: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Talapatra Arjun , Mathew Shaji , Kanakalakshmi Sushma Thimmaiah , Rani Rama
Published: June 2024

Background Post-operative sore throat (POST) is one of the most common complaints post-endotracheal intubation and can be decreased through various interventions. This study aimed to determine the effect of fluticasone-impregnated versus saline throat packs on the occurrence and severity of POST and voice hoarseness. Methods This prospective, randomized, double-blinded trial was conducted on patients undergoing nasosinus surgeries at Kasturba Medical College and Hospital. Patients were randomized to groups based on a computer-generated table of random numbers post-intubation after placing a definite length of oropharyngeal packs into group F (fluticasone) who received four puffs of fluticasone furoate-soaked throat packs and group C (control) wherein normal saline-soaked throat packs were used. Determining the incidence of POST and voice hoarseness was the primary outcome; severity of POST and voice hoarseness, patient satisfaction scores at 24 hours post-surgery and adverse events were secondary outcomes. Results Overall, 86 patients were randomized and 43 patients were included in each group. Incidence of POST (%) and voice hoarseness (%) were 55.8, 55.6, 55.8, 53.4 and 30.2, 28, 28, 28 in group C. Incidence of POST (%) and voice hoarseness (%) were 37.2, 37.2, 37.2, 34.8 and 14, 14, 14,14 in group F at 1, 2, 6 and 24 hours, respectively, however, the p values were not found to be significant at any time interval. There was no significant difference in terms of severity of POST and voice hoarseness, patient satisfaction scores between the groups and there were no reported adverse events. Conclusions In patients undergoing nasosinus surgery under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation, fluticasone furoate-impregnated throat packs failed to show any significant reduction in the incidence and severity of POST as well as hoarseness of voice, and even though it was not statistically significant, the fluticasone impregnated group had higher patient satisfaction scores. Registration CTRI (CTRI/2020/09/027946; 22/09/2020).
Corneal tissue engineering: From research to industry, quality of life impact, and Latin American ophthalmologists' perspectives
Authors: Rodríguez Fuentes David E , Flores Nucamendi Katiana , Valdez-García Jorge E. , Raquel Cuevas Díaz Duran , Isaac Alejandro Vidal-Paredes , Cirian Oneill , Zavala Judith
Published: June 2024

Background Tissue engineering research aims to address the global shortage of donated corneal tissue, yet challenges persist in clinical translation. This study assesses the pathway from basic research to clinical adoption in corneal tissue engineering. Methods Bibliometric and patent analyses were conducted using the Web of Science-Core Collection and Lens databases to identify top authors, countries, journals, publication trends, inventors, patent statuses, and affiliated companies. A quality-adjusted life year (QALY) analysis compared engineered corneal endothelium to full keratoplasty. A pilot study surveyed thirty ophthalmologist surgeons from eight Latin American countries. Results A strong upward publication trend (R2 = 0.89, p = 1.53x10^-9) in corneal endothelium engineering was observed over the past decade, led by the USA, China, and Japan. Among 614 research papers, 26 patents and 10 companies were identified. Engineered corneal endothelium showed a QALY gain of 0.74 versus 0.07 of corneal transplants. Most survey respondents (97%) expressed interest in adopting engineered corneal endothelium for transplantation if affordability, biocompatibility, and functionality were assured. Conclusions While tissue engineering offers promise in alleviating corneal scarcity, a significant gap remains between scientific advancements and clinical adoption, presenting “death valleys.” Addressing this requires more efficient navigation of the interplay between scientific progress, technology adoption, and clinical practice.
An increase in global daily precipitation records in response to global warming based on reanalysis and observations
Authors: Ciarlo' James , Giorgi Filippo
Published: June 2024

Understanding trends in extreme precipitation events in the context of global warming is critical for assessing climate change impacts. This study employs a novel methodology developed by Giorgi and Ciarlo (2022) to analyze record-breaking daily precipitation events from 1980 to 2020, utilizing three reanalysis products (ERA5, MERRA-2, and JRA-55) and one global observation dataset (MSWEP). Our results indicate a consistent and statistically significant increase in record-breaking precipitation events globally, with variations across different latitude bands and between land and ocean areas. This trend is evident in all datasets, with the most substantial increases observed over oceans in ERA5 and over land in JRA and MERRA. Notably, the Southern Hemisphere shows mixed results, with some regions displaying negative trends. This study highlights the increasing frequency of extreme precipitation events, supporting the hypothesis of intensified hydrological cycles under a warming climate. Our findings enhance understanding of precipitation extremes and underscore the importance of regional analyses in climate impact studies. Future work could extend these findings to formal attribution studies linking observed trends directly to anthropogenic climate change.
Lenguaje e interdisciplinariedad en los periodos griego y romano
Authors: González Jiménez Juan Miguel
Published: June 2024

Este libro aborda desde la historiografía de la lingüística las reflexiones inter- y multidisciplinares entre las tesis sobre el lenguaje y otros campos de conocimiento en dos de los periodos más productivos intelectualmente, el griego y el romano, con el fin de determinar posibles antecedentes e influencias en los enfoques surgidos a lo largo del siglo XX, tales como la biolingüística, la psicolingüística y la neurolingüística. La fundamentación teórico-metodológica de la investigación parte de la modelización del hecho historiográfico como un acto comunicativo y de dos instrumentos fundamentales para el análisis del corpus: la teoría de las series textuales y la teoría del canon. Este marco es fundamental para la perspectiva integradora adoptada, que toma en consideración tanto los textos como sus contextos de producción.
HARNT-2 HINDFOOT NAIL OR PRO-TIBIAL SCREW FIXATION FOR EARLY MOBILIZATION: MULTICENTRE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF UTILIZATION AND OUTCOMES IN COMPLEX ANKLE FRACTURES
Authors: Bethel J. , Najefi A.A. , Davies M. , Gosney E. , Patel K. , Ahluwalia R.
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Hindfoot intramedullary nail fixation (HFN) or fibula pro-tibial screw fixation (PTS) are surgical options for ankle fractures in patients with multiple co-morbidities; we compared their outcomes.

Methods

A retrospective review of 135 patients who underwent HFN fixation (87 patients) or PTS fixation (48 patients) for ankle fractures (AO/OTA A/B/C) from 5 major trauma centres. Patient demographic data, co-morbidities, Charlson Co-morbidity Index Score (CCIS), weight-bearing, and post-operative complications were recorded. Radiographs were assessed for non-union and anatomical reduction.

Results

HFN estimated 10-year survival was 27±31% and was 48±37% for PTS (p<0.001). Average time to full weightbearing (FWB) in the HFN group was 1.7±3.3 weeks compared to 7.8±3.8 weeks in the PTS group (p<0.001). Despite this, HFN fixation carried a greater VTE risk (p=0.02). HFN accompanied by joint preparation had greater risk of infection (p=0.01), metalwork failure (p=0.02) and wound breakdown (p=0.01). The overall complication rate in diabetic patients was 56%, but 76% in HFN patients. In the HFN group 17 (20%) patients died at 1 year. Patients with open fractures(p=0.01), dementia (p<0.05), and a higher CCIS (p=0.04) were more likely to die after HFN surgery. Age and co-morbidity matched data showed a higher rate of complications and mortality in those above 75 years fixed with a HFN, irrespective of CCIS. In those between 60–75 years, there was a greater risk of superficial infection and mortality after HFN, irrespective of CCIS. These complications were not seen after PTS.

Conclusion

HFN carries a greater risk of superficial infections, VTE and mortality compared to PTS, independent of age and CCIS. Diabetes leads to a greater comparative risk of deep infections, wound breakdown and non-union in HFN. Alternative methods of fixation (e.g. PTS) should be considered before HFN. HFN may be suitable in selective indications where other methods are not appropriate.
COMPARISON OF WEARABLE ACCELEROMETER AND FOREARM-ATTACHED ACTIVITY PATCH FOR MONITORING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN BARIATRIC PATIENTS
Authors:   Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Warsaw, Poland, Gaździńska Agata , Przewodzka Anna ,   Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Warsaw, Poland, Gaździński Stefan ,   Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Standard, wearable devices for measuring physical activity can be removed by the patient. Therefore, there is concern about the reliability of the results obtained. This study compares selected physical activity measurements obtained with a wearable device to those obtained with an activity patch permanently attached to the patient’s forearm (for the duration of a single week only), providing continuous measurement. Methods: Physical activity was measured simultaneously with both devices in a group of 14 morbidly obese patients over a period of one week: one month before insertion of intragastric balloon (IGB) and one month after its removal. Selected measures (covered distance and energy expenditure during physical activity) were compared both cross-sectionally and in terms of changes over course of the IGB treatment. Results: The covered distance measurements obtained using both devices were correlated both before IGB placement and after IGB (r>0.606, p<0.024). Similarly, the increases in distance traveled measurements obtained with both devices were correlated (r=0.76, p=0.04). The obtained measurements of energy expenditure during physical activity correlated only after IGB removal (r=0.600, p=0.012). Conclusion: The results confirm that in large cohorts, measurements of physical activity obtained with wearable devices are comparable to those obtained with activity patches. However, the possibility remains that in individual cases the measurement may differ due to patient non-compliance.
REVIEW OF LOWER BODY NEGATIVE PRESSURE APPLICATIONS TO SIMULATE +GZ-INDUCED CARDIOVASCULAR STRAIN: RESEARCH HISTORY
Authors:   Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Warsaw, Poland, Lewkowicz Rafał , Krej Mariuisz ,   Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Warsaw, Poland, Baran Paulina ,   Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Warsaw, Poland, Dereń Mirosław ,   Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Warsaw, Poland, Dziuda Łukasz ,   Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
Published: June 2024

Introduction: In the paper, a general overview of the development and applications of l ower body negative pressure ( LBNP) technology have been provided. The article also descr ibes the LBNP designs used to investigate the relationship between tolerance to negative pressure around the lower body and tolerance to acceleration (+Gz). Methods: A systematic review of the literature on the development and application of LBNP in the sc ope not limited to the time or geography framework was explored. Searches were performed using predefined keywords and filters for LBNP (e.g., aerospace, medicine, cardiovascular, space, acceleration, Gz ). Databases such as PubMed, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDire ct, and others relevant to this field of study were selected for the search. Results: The results of the review were organized by thematic categories (LBNP development, applications and use to s imulate +Gz induced cardiovascular strain ). Syntheses of the r esults are presented, highlighting key themes and insights. Discussion and Conclusion: T he use of LBNP to simulate cardiovascular strain, typically induced by positive G forces (+Gz) in fighter jet flight, has played an important role in our understanding of the cardiovascular response to gravitational forces. This knowledge not only benefits pilots, but also has wider implications for healthcare and working conditions where individuals may face similar physiological challenges. Although numerous reports su pport the development of LBNP for space mission applications, there is no evidence for the use of LBNP to simulate accelerations greater than +1 Gz over the past two decades. However, further research in this area is still warranted.
Un enfoque comunitario vivencial del aprendizaje-servicio de la Epidemiología Nutricional en la formación de nutricionistas
Authors: Wilson Rojas Edgar , Hidalgo Alisson , Salazar Camila , Sigüenza Daniela
Published: June 2024

El aprendizaje-servicio es una de las metodologías pedagógicas innovadoras aplicada en el aprendizaje de Epidemiología Nutricional en la carrera de Nutrición y Dietética. En este estudio se describe como se utilizó la metodología en las comunidades de una parroquia rural, con el apoyo de socios comunitarios. Este estudio se realizó durante un período académico de formación profesional. Utilizando herramientas de estudios epidemiológicos se identificaron problemas nutricionales y los priorizaron, siendo la malnutrición uno de los más relevantes. Una vez identificadas y priorizadas las problemáticas nutricionales se procedió al planteamiento de alternativas de intervención, principalmente relacionadas con estrategias educomunicativas. Con esta metodología de aprendizaje se trabajó el pensamiento crítico de los estudiantes, adaptaciones de las intervenciones nutricionales al contexto de las familias, intervenciones integrales e interculturales, y familias más empoderadas de su salud.
Numerical investigations into the impact of substrate defects on a grooved GaN-based ultraviolet phototransistor with an AlGaN polarization gate
Authors: Li Yan , Chu Chunshuang , Xuan Zhan , Zhu Zhengji , Tian Kangkai , Zhang Yonghui , Zhang Zi-Hui , Sun Xiaowei
Published: June 2024

In this work, we propose defect-related models for a grooved GaN/AlxGa1−xN/GaN UV phototransistor with an AlGaN polarization gate. The AlGaN polarization gate is set under the absorptive layer. With the developed models, we find that without the AlGaN polarization gate, the donor-type traps increase the dark current. In contrast, the electron trapping effect by acceptor-type traps reduces the dark current. Moreover, the AlGaN polarization gate helps deplete the electrons under the grooved region, which makes the dark current further suppressed. We also investigate the influence of the Al composition and the polarization level for the AlGaN polarization gate on the carrier transport, the dark current, and the photocurrent. Meanwhile, we report that the grooved depth plays an important role in reducing the background channel electron concentration, and the channel under the grooved region can be effectively closed by the AlGaN polarization gate when the grooved depth is properly set.
Long-term imaging of three-dimensional hyphal development using the ePetri dish
Authors: Zhang Oumeng , Dahlquist Nic , Leete Zachary , Xu Michael , Schneider Dean , Yang Changhuei
Published: June 2024

Imaging three-dimensional microbial development and behavior over extended periods is crucial for advancing microbiological studies. Here, we introduce an upgraded ePetri dish system specifically designed for extended microbial culturing and 3D imaging, addressing the limitations of existing methods. Our approach includes a sealed growth chamber to enable long-term culturing, and a multi-step reconstruction algorithm that integrates 3D deconvolution, image filtering, ridge, and skeleton detection for detailed visualization of the hyphal network. The system effectively monitored the development of Aspergillus brasiliensis hyphae over a seven-day period, demonstrating the growth medium’s stability within the chamber. The system’s 3D imaging capability was validated in a volume of 5.5 mm × 4 mm × 0.5 mm, revealing a radial growth pattern of fungal hyphae. Additionally, we show that the system can identify potential filter failures that are undetectable with 2D imaging. With these capabilities, the upgraded ePetri dish represents a significant advancement in long-term 3D microbial imaging, promising new insights into microbial development and behavior across various microbiological research areas.
Optical solitons in multimode fibers: recent advances
Authors: Zitelli Mario
Published: June 2024

Optical solitons in multimode fibers were predicted 40 years ago and extensively investigated theoretically. Transmission experiments in nonlinear multimode fibers have gained renewed interest, motivated by their potential to extend the capacity of long-distance transmission systems; only in the last few years, new experiments have revealed unexpected properties of optical solitons propagating in graded-index and step-index multimode fibers, partially re-writing the existing theory. Here we provide an overview of the recent experimental, numerical, and theoretical studies that revealed those new properties. It will be shown that multimode fiber solitons form with specific pulse width and energy dependent on the wavelength, and that they naturally evolve toward fundamental-mode Raman solitons. New soliton fission mechanisms, governed by the modal dispersion, will be explained. Possible applications in space-division multiplexed systems will be discussed. A recent thermodynamic approach to soliton condensation will be described.
Optically-reconfigurable integrated optical directed logic computing based on silicon photonics
Authors: Wang Weiqin , Yu Xinyang , Lai Sihao , Wu Hao , Yan Siqi , Tang Ming
Published: June 2024

Optical directed logic, as a novel logical operation scheme, harmoniously combines the benefits of optical and electrical signals, surpassing traditional electrical and all-optical logic operations in terms of the flexibility and power consumption. Its potential in high-speed optical signal processing and electro-optical computing is immense. However, achieving tunability of the logic function normally relies on external electrical tuning or multiple laser sources, which often results in excessive power consumption and costs. In this work, by utilizing the polarization state of light within the optical directed logic, we demonstrate an optical directed logic device on a silicon-based platform. This single device can realize three different logic operations, which are XNOR, XOR and NAND, by simply changing the input light's polarization state, which comes at a minimal additional power consumption. Moreover, we also significantly enhance the device's response speed through a novel side-integrated metal thermal phase shifter, reducing the response time to 5 µs. Ultimately, we demonstrate logic operations at 60 kbps which maintains a leading standard among the currently reported thermally tuning optical-directed logic (ODL) devices, and successfully integrated polarization division multiplexing technique into ODL devices. This result provides a novel method to realize high-speed optical directed logic with high reconfigurability, which presents significant application prospects in the high-speed optical information processing field.