bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health Programs and Problems Encountered with Incoming Calves and Yearlings in the Feedlot
Authors: Hundley O. E.
Published: March 2023

Perhaps a little background would help clarify our practice. In 1960 we built an animal clinic primarily for large animals. Adjacent to the sick pens we built a processing area with the idea in mind that it was better to process the feedlot cattle on arrival rather than at any later date. In 1960 this was contrary to most of the information that was being printed. They said to rest and feed the cattle for 10-14 days before working them. Our idea was that they were already stressed and that the processing didn't add that much to the existing problem. It has been interesting to see that through the years the feeders and those who research have shifted their thinking to where most of our clients do process on arrival. It used to be that our cattle feeders would get their cattle in, then after 10-15 days they would call in their neighbors fora branding party. I'm sure you have had clients who have had cattle that they didn't get processed because of other pressing things like silage, haylage, or a lack of help at the right time. Because of this delay their cattle broke with one of the diseases they intended to immunize against. It was our thinking that we could be of service by having a good facility and a crew to process the cattle.
Problems of Recycling Manure for Feed Cattle Manure
Authors: Anthony W. B.
Published: March 2023

Animal waste, what is it? I think today we must pretty well accept, based on the data, that it is are source out of place. It is out of place and many times we don't like to fool with it because it is so out of place. Manure to improve feed efficiency of cattle. That's why we want to use it in a feeding program and I do consider that that is a new dimension in livestock production.
Public Relations for the Bovine Practitioner
Authors: Meloy Chandler
Published: March 2023

Public Relations: (External) Using the total skills of communication to provide information and education to the general public-through media, in personal contact, and with the written or spoken word-and providing training and counsel to D VMs in communication.
Opening Remarks
Authors: Allenstein Leland
Published: March 2023

As president of the AABP may I extend a most enthusiastic welcome to this, our ninth annual conference in California. How I ever got here to sunny California, I'll never know, after leaving snowcovered Wisconsin at 10°F below last Saturday! It reminds me of that convention we had in Milwaukee when the snow fell on us the morning we were going to start ours in Milwaukee. I think we lost two speakers that morning.
Update of National Brucellosis and Tuberculosis Eradication Programs
Authors: Nelson C. J.
Published: March 2023

The brucellosis eradication program was making progress towards reducing the number of infected herds until about 1972. A number of problems, including a reduction in funds and manpower due to the detailing of personnel to the VEE eradication program, the exotic Newcastle disease eradication efforts, and the hog cholera eradication campaign, resulted in an increase in the incidence of brucellosis throughout the country. This increase was observed in both the high-risk and the predominantly clean populations.
Basic Structure, Function, Pathophysiology and Immune Mechanisms of the Bovine Gut
Authors: Smith Bradford P.
Published: March 2023

The bovine intestine can be thought of as a tube. Food goes into one end and, after a few changes, comes out as feces at the other end. We never worry much about what's going on in that tube unless something goes wrong. When something goes wrong with the intestine, the most common clinical sign is diarrhea. Unfortunately, it is often difficult to determine the what and the why of the problem, and one is forced to treat all diarrheas in a similar manner, largely with antibacterial drugs and/or parasympatholytic anti-cholinergic agents. In order to prevent and treat diarrheas, other than symptomatically, we must develop an understanding of what is.happening in the gut and what are some of the mechanisms by which bacteria and viruses can cause diarrhea.
Infectious Diseases of the Bovine Lower Gastrointestinal Tract and the Immune Response
Authors: Duncan J. Robert
Published: March 2023

Of what significance is modern-day immunology with its T and B lymphocytes, various immunoglobulin classes and subclasses, transfer factor, suppressor cells, immunosuppressive factors, and immunodeficiency diseases to everyday bovine practice? The amount of talent being devoted to continuing education in this area might suggest that it is grossly over-rated. However, when we consider that the control, diagnosis and prevention of some of the major disease problems of cattle, namely, tuberculosis, brucellosis, blackleg, virus diarrhea, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and vibriosis, to name a few, are being conducted principally with immunological tools, possibly it is not over-rated. If we further accept that a major portion of our practice problems are related to infectious diseases of epithelial surfaces, namely the respiratory, digestive, reproductive system and mammary gland; that failure of immunity in its broadest context, whether of animal origin or management-induced, plays an important role in infectious disease, the onus is on us as veterinarians to understand the immune system so that we may use it to our best advantage.
Use of Fetotomy in Large Animal Practice
Authors: Bierschwal C. J.
Published: March 2023

A primitive form of fetotomy was recorded in history as early as the fourth century B.C. and again in the first century A.D. However, centuries passed before a practical form of fetotomy was developed. The dismemberment of the fetus is often erroneously referred to as an embryotomy. It is not dismemberment or dissection of an embryo but that of a fetus, hence, the term fetotomy is the more correct term.
Ultrasonic Treatment of Penile Hematoma in Bulls
Authors: Bracken Frank B.
Published: March 2023

Corrective surgery for hematoma of the penis has been used for many years (1,2,3,4). Basically, this method is comprised of using sterile surgical technique to remove the blood clot and suturing the rent in the tunica albuginea of the penis followed by skin sutures to close the surgical incision. Metcalf (5) described a variation in clot removal by using a stab incision and suction. The above methods are followed by sexual stimulation soon after the surgery-breeding or electro-ejaculation.
Surgical Correction of Hematoma of the Penis in Bulls
Authors: Hudson Robert S.
Published: March 2023

Rupture of the tunica albuginea of the penis of bulls occurs at a very predictable location, i.e., on the dorsal aspect of the distal bend of the sigmoid flexure (7). The rupture probably occurs as a result of extreme bending of the erect penis during an inept copulatory thrust. The location of the rupture has been described as the point at which a fulcrum (the preputial orifice) is applied to the erect penis (5). However, experimental rupture of 25 cadaver penises with hydraulic pressure at the predicted site with or without bending indicated an intrinsic weakness at the rupture site (3). The tunica albuginea has been described as focally thinner at this point ( 4). The angioarchitecture of the distal bend of the sigmoid flexure with its relatively large cavernous spaces (1) may also contribute to the predisposition. The force for the rupture comes from within the corpus cavernosum penis (CCP) and may be facilitated by the proposed bending. Whereas normal copulatory CCP pressure frequently reaches 200-400 lbs. per sq. in. (psi) (2), the pressure required for the rupture of cadaver penises was ca. 1486 psi (3). At rupture a jet of blood under this pressure serves as a highly traumatic force, which accounts for the severity of the lesions encountered on surgical exposure. The blood tears and displaces the surrounding elastic tissue layers and collects en masse along variable planes of the elastic tissue. The blood may invade the sheaths of the retractor penis muscles. The sensory nerves and vessels dorsal to the penis are vulnerable to injury. The resultant hematoma formation in the excavated surrounding tissue gives the clinical condition its popular name.
Field Results of Anaplasmosis Vaccination Programs in Southeast Oklahoma
Authors: Winsor Paul
Published: March 2023

Anaplasmosis in my practice area is endemic. In the fifteen years I have practiced there it has been, in my estimation, the most costly pathological condition with which I have had to deal, with the exceptions of internal parasitism and the shipping fever complex.
Clinical Approach to Herd Mastitis
Authors: Morse Jack
Published: March 2023

I am here to discuss what we do in our practice relative to mastitis control and first I want to lay down some basic principles upon which we base what we do in our practice. Secondly, I want to examine what we do in our practice relative to the various factors which influence mastitis and mastitis control. And then, thirdly, I want to examine some actual cases we have had with the idea hopefully that it will help to put the pieces together.
Food and Drug Regulations as they Affect the Practicing Veterinarian
Authors: Kerr Eldred E.
Published: March 2023

The veterinary practitioner today is faced with a number of conditions which affect his daily operations that those of us in practice 20 years ago, or even 10 to 15 years ago, did not even consider. The most important of these are:1. Loss of drugs routinely used in practice for many years;2. The long delays in approval of new products due to increased demands by FDA for safety and effectiveness data;3. In food animal medicine, the public announcements of dangers from residues in animal source food products and the practitioner's moral and legal responsibilities to preyent residues;4. The great changes in livestock operations where the size of the operation necessitates first diagnosis, and most treatment, by employees at the livestock operation; and5. The public awareness of malpractice and the trend toward many more court claims against veterinary practitioners.
Rumensin for Ruminants
Authors: Prigge Edward C.
Published: March 2023

Rumensin (trade name for monensin Na, Eli Lilly and Company) is a biologically active compound produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis and initially proven to be an effective anticoccidial in poultry rations. Currently, Rumensin is used by a large percentage of cattle feeders through the country to increase feed efficiency. The efficacy of this compound is well documented, however, much still needs to be known about its effects on animal health, protein utilization and mode of action.
Association of the "Rat Tail" Syndrome with Bovine Papular Stomatitis in Feedlot Cattle
Authors: Bechtol David T.
Published: March 2023

A problem designated as the "rat tail" syndrome was widespread in high plains feedlots in the late summer of 1975 and in 1976 and has become a matter of economic importance to the cattle feeder.

The "rat tail" steer is one that has lost the switch in his tail, a warning that the animal should be culled from a pen of feedlot cattle as a potentially poor performer. "Rat tail" is an external sign of disturbed digestive function. Chronics that fail to recover from an acute infection such as bovine viral diarrhea may develop rat tails; however, such incidence seldom exceeds one percent of a pen. When five to ten percent of the cattle in a feedlot develop rat tails, the situation presents a different problem called the "rat tail syndrome."
Self-Assessment for Bovine Practitioners Beef Cow-Calf Section
Authors: Kilpatrick Warren J. , Sippel William L. , Young Mark F. , Ramge John C.
Published: March 2023

This program was produced and recorded for presentation by television. The material has been abstracted and converted for use in the printed form. Because some questions or problems relied on visual presentations on television, they could not be changed to printed form and are therefore omitted.
Welcome
Authors: Harris Robert J.
Published: March 2023

Thank you, Jim. Well it's a great pleasure to be up here to start off another annual meeting. When our Association was formed some 12-13 years ago, this meeting and the education that goes with it and the getting together and meeting of all the practitioners from other parts of the country was one of the main purposes of starting this organization. I think as an organization we have done very well over the past 10 years.
Program
Authors: Jarrett James
Published: March 2023

According to the printed program, at this point I am supposed to say a word or two about the program. I guess in my early desire to develop this program, Jerry Litton probably expressed it as well as any when he talked about the part that we play in agriculture and the part that agriculture plays in our national economy.
Greetings from the AVMA
Authors: Tharp Vernon
Published: March 2023

I am supposed to give greetings from the AVMA and I think there is no better time to give greetings from the AVMA than in this holiday season that is approaching. And so I do welcome the opportunity to wish you greetings from all of AVMA.
Problems and Opportunities in the Cattle Business
Authors: Finney Wray
Published: March 2023

Thanks very much, Jim, ladies and gentlemen. It is a pleasure for me to be here today. I follow a long line of very impressive speakers. John White I have known several years, and I always hate to follow John, but in this particular case today, I am glad I do. I have a few choice words to say about the USDA. And John is unfortunately not here to defend himself, he has already gone back to Washington. And, if he had been after me, my speech would probably not been as good.
Modern Management as a Road to Profit
Authors: Longo Louis
Published: March 2023

The American Association of Bovine Practitioners. What a title! You are the guys that were the high percentage in your class. The guys that beat me out so I had to go farming. I want to express my appreciation to you. You know, I could see you guys working hard to get your marks in school, college, so you could get up into that 3% so you could get into veterinary school. You got into veterinary schools and you broke your backsides to get through veterinary school. You mortgaged everything you had to start a practice. When you got out there, what did you find? Biting horses, kicking cows, scratching cats, retained placentas that were two weeks old, hoof rot and so forth.
Suggested Techniques and Clinical Pathology Information for the Veterinary Practitioner
Authors: Hibbs Clair M.
Published: March 2023

Materials required, step-by-step procedure, and sources of error for various diagnostic test and treatment techniques, as well as Clinical Pathology Information.
Nutrition and Its Subsequent Effects on Diseases
Authors: Norman Ben
Published: March 2023

I would like to talk to you today about the interaction between disease and nutrition. So that we all have the same basis of discussion-semantics is one of the problems that occurs between veterinarians and consulting nutritionists-let's talk a little bit about synergism, antagonism, primary and secondary malnutrition. The simplest definition of malnutrition is too much or too little of a required nutrient. By that definition I am malnourished by about 40 pounds.
Opening Keynote Address
Authors: Goldstein Louis
Published: March 2023

Keynote Speech on Maryland, agriculture, agricutural business in Maryland.
Rumen Acidosis and Related Complications
Authors: Vestweber Jerry
Published: March 2023

Milk and meat production have become more dependent on the increased use of concentrates in the ration and whether these practices will continue with the known problems that exist and altered rumen fermentation that occurs, is dependent upon the continued advantage of use and solutions to modify the problems of high-concentrate rations.

Rations that consist of primarily roughage provide enough energy to maintain the average annual milk production of approximately 10,000 lbs. per cow in the United States, but most cows have a genetic potential for more milk production and this can be obtained by increased use of grain. Kansas Dairy Herd Improvement records indicate the advantage of concentrate feedings for increased milk production.

When dairy cows are fed high levels of concentrates, major changes in the rumen environment occur. Some of these changes are detrimental as described in the previous disease conditions. Numerous attempts have been made to use rumen buffers to counteract some of these negative effects (15,16,17,31).

The effects of these buffers on volatile fatty acids, lactate production, and metabolism have been variable. If appropriate levels of supplementation can be determined, they may be useful in combating the negative effects of high-concentrate feeding.
Cryosurgery
Authors: Farris Harold E.
Published: March 2023

Cryosurgery is the medical application of cold to destroy tissue. Since the first veterinary reports on cryosurgery in 1970 (1), cryosurgery has become a widely accepted modality for the treatment of skin cancer in animals (2,3,4). In food animal practice cryosurgery is widely used to treat bovine ocular squamous-cell carcinoma. A preliminary report on the cryosurgical treatment of interdigital fibromas, papillomatosis and fibromas of glans penis is presented. A treatment protocol that has resulted in a cure rate of more than 90% of bovine ocular squamouscell carcinomas and the cryosurgical instrumentation required in veterinary practice are discussed in detail.
Blood Levels of Oxytetracycline After the Use of a Long-Acting Formulation to Eliminate the Carrier State of Bovine Anaplasmosis
Authors: Roby T. O.
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this paper is to present data on the blood plasma levels of oxytetracycline which resulted when cattle were injected intramuscularly (IM) once a week with a strengthened and improved formulation of oxytetracycline containing 200 mg/ml of base drug. One injection of this formulation has been reported to have an inhibitory effect on the parasitemia in acute anaplasmosis equivalent to three daily injections of oxytetracycline containing 50 mg/ml (2). Also, the former formulation has been recently reported to effect the elimination of the carrier state of bovine anaplasmosis when administered IM at seven-day intervals (3).

The use of tetracycline drugs at relatively high dosage levels for varying periods of time has been an accepted procedure for eliminating A. marginale infection. Either prolonged feeding of chlortetracycline or daily injection of oxytetracycline have been used for this purpose in a number of earlier studies. The present study suggests that the use of a long-acting oxytetracycline will effectively eliminate the carrier state of sensitive strains of A. marginale. Also, the present study shows that in a limited ·number of cattle, detectable blood levels were present in 10 of 12 cattle seven days after one treatment with the long-acting formulation of oxytetracycline. It will be necessary to further evaluate the use of this treatment regimen to determine if similar results can be achieved under field conditions.
Bovine Lameness
Authors: Uecker C. F.
Published: March 2023

This paper will cover the corrective procedures for some of the more common forms of lameness as found in the adult bovine male in the western Dakotas. The causes of these problems are fairly obvious to most veterinarians, and the treatment procedures have been established for a number of years. I realize that this is not a new disease, nor are any of the surgical or treatment procedures new, but I certainly feel that proper treatment and evaluation are important. The quick return of this animal to its intended use is paramount. I want to remind all of you that no breeding bull, regardless of confirmation, haircoat, color, size or breed is any better than the feet he travels on. For most of you here this afternoon, this will serve as a short refresher course-and I hope you will find it interesting and informative.
New and Not-So-New Concepts in Bull Evaluation and Management
Authors: Chenoweth Peter J.
Published: March 2023

Bulls vary greatly in their reproductive capabilities. This variation can have a marked effect on overall pregnancy rates as well as on the time period required for pregnancies to be achieved. This, in turn, affects weaning weights. Apart from disease, injury, or physical obstacles in the breeding pasture, this variation is due to one or more of three factors: a) semen quality and/or quantity; b) sex-drive (libido) and mating ability; and c) social interactions between animals.
Starting Rations and Procedures for Stressed Calves
Authors: Davis, Jr. George V.
Published: March 2023

Many interstate and intrastate shipments of yearlings and calves occur each year throughout the United States. Because they have been exposed to a wide range of conditions, it is difficult to decide on which rations and management techniques should be used to obtain efficient, economical gains. These studies were designed to help develop procedures and starting rations for stressed calves so that some of the above management decisions could be made with a higher degree of confidence. In summary, calves performed better when fed a ground alfalfa hay ration. Yearlings performed best on the corn silage ration. Therefore, results from these trials substantiate results from other studies that suggest that prior nutrition (feeding regime) of cattle greatly influence their adaptability to various rations. These results indicate that stressed calves undergoing weaning stress seem to adapt and perform better on ground hay rations while cattle past the stresses of weaning appear to perform well on either corn silage or ground hay rations.
Cattle Problems As I See Them
Authors: Eller Burton
Published: March 2023

What are 1979 prospects for federal legislation and regulations that will affect cattlemen? What are some of the issues that NCA will be working on? On this page and subsequent pages, we are presenting some answers to these questions such as beef cattle research and improvement, environmental management, foreign trade, labor, marketing, transportation etc.
Beef Business in the 1980's
Authors: Monfort Kenny
Published: March 2023

I should be projecting dramatic changes if I were really going to impress you but I frankly do not see dramatic change ahead. I do not see changes of the magnititudeofthe establishment of the feeding industry or the establishment of quality grades or the establishment of packing plants where cattle are produced instead of where. the railroad ends and where the people live. But I do see some changes. I think that we will see a beef business that is more atoned in the 1980's to the general economy, and more apt to react to the costs ofcompeting meats and foods. I happen to think that our society in the 80's is not going to have the same affluence or growth in affluence as we have become used to. Why? We are going to spend more of our money on energy. We are going to continue to spend more of our money on transportation costs, health care, and unfortunately I think that taxes are going to mop·up more of our income. Primarily, in the 80's I think that taxes will do this because I think that we will wake up and decide that we need to re-establish our defence capabilities in this country. This is going to drain off some of our income and our people are not going to have the same affluence as they had in the 60's and 70's. I think that they will become more price conscious.
AVMA Drug Availability Committee
Authors: Upson Dan
Published: March 2023

For your information, the Drug Availability Committee is really an outgrowth of the activities of two of the councils of the AVMA, the Council of Veterinary Service and the Council on Biologic and Therapeutic Agents. Both of these groups were working in the area of concern for the availability of drugs to our profession. The Council of Biological and Therapeutic Agents because of their title deal with the drug problem in our profession and Council Veterinary Services because they felt that the lack of available drugs had an inhibiting factor on the quality ofveterinary service that they could offer.
Northwest Area
Authors: Anderson Neil , Washington George , Sterner Keith
Published: March 2023

Dicussion about calf diseases, veterinary medicine.
Retained Placenta in the Dairy Cow
Authors: Bierschwal C. J.
Published: March 2023

The exact mechanism which actually causes retention of the placenta~is not thoroughly understood. Comparison of histological sections taken at 4 to 5 hours after calving from cows which retain and those which cleanse normally cannot be distinguished from each other either in the villi of the fetal membranes nor in the maternal crypts of the caruncles. With retained placenta the normal separation of the fetal villi from the maternal crypts is interfered with and adhesions are formed. Two theories have been offered as basic etiologiccauses of retention. The first theory is that the result is due to imperfect contraction of the uterus, and the second is that the retention is a result of a proliferative placentitis such as seen in abortion caused by Bruce/la abortus. The placentitis theory does not hold up well because, in many abortions investigated today, there is no evidence of infection present. There seems to be a return to the older theory of uterine inertia or lack of motility and hormone dysfunction due to a variety of causes.
Milk Progesterone Assays in Pregnancy Diagnosis
Authors: Abbitt Bruce
Published: March 2023

The results of several studies2,3,4 on the accuracy of early pregnancy diagnosis by determination of milk progesterone levels are shown in Table I. Thus, both methods are reported to be of similar accuracy, approaching 100 percent for the nonpregnant cow and 85 to 90 percent overall if both pregnant and nonpregnant diagnoses are combined. This is not surprising as pregnancy diagnosis by palpation 20 to 22 days following breeding depends on the presence or absence of a corpus luteum and/ or changes (edema and tonus) related to its presence or absence. The presence and amount of progesterone in the milk is also a function of the presence or absence of a corpus luteum and/or its age.
Surgery in Abomasal Disease, Uterine Torsions and Thermal Treatment of Eye Lesions
Authors: Magee Derry D.
Published: March 2023

Surgery is sometimes a last resort measure used by practitioners. I would like to present two surgical procedures that are simple to complete. They will enhance your reputation as competent veterinarians and also be profitable for your clients. If you share the view that surgery is a last resort measure I hope to change your view point. I hope to convince you to consider surgery as a first alternate in deciding how to handle these situations. Time does not permit an extensive commentary on the three topics I have to cover; therefore, I have not covered every detail and you should keep this in mind as I go through these presentations.
Panel Discussion
Authors: Garrison Dr. , Bitter Dr. , Hutcheson Dr. , Evans Dr.
Published: March 2023

Panel about use of computers for herd health management.
Reproductive Performance and Recording Systems
Authors: Williamson Norman B.
Published: March 2023

Records are important for the evaluation of herd reproductive performance. Therefore veterinarians should know how to examine and analyse records to help diagnose the causes of inadequate reproductive performance in cattle enterprises whether due to disease or management. It is more likely that a diagnosis of the cause of inadequate reproductive performance in a herd can be made by thorough examination and analysis of herd records than by serological testing or microbiological culture. However, most veterinarians start to investigate the inadequate reproductive performance by examining cows and obtaining samples for serology or biochemistry. Many veterinarians argue that this must be done, because this is what farmers expect. It can also be argued that farmers expect this approach because this is the approach they have grown accustomed to.
Diseases of the Ruminant Stomachs and Intestines of Cattle
Authors: Radostits O. M.
Published: March 2023

In the study of diseases of the ruminant stomachs the first consideration is the clinical and laboratory findings which attract special attention to the stomachs. The first step is the recognition that a basic syndrome of ruminant gastrointestinal dysfunction occurs without evidence of disease in another system which might suggest that the dysfunction is secondary.
Lifetime Reproductive Performance of Brood Cows Representing First-Crosses Between Three Exotic and Three British Breeds
Authors: Fredeen H. T. , Lawson J. E. , Rahnefeld G.W. , Newman J. A. , Weiss G. M.
Published: March 2023

Prior to 1900, the North American beef industry was dominated by the three British breeds, the Angus, Hereford and Shorthorn introduced to this continent by early settlers. Differences in their ability to adapt to the wide range in environmental conditions were reflected in differences in rates of expansion and geographical dispersion. Cattle of predominantly Hereford breeding proved most adaptable to extensive rangeland management and they had come to predominate on the semi-arid Western plains. Elsewhere the three breeds were of approximately equal importance with some preference for Shorthorn under circumstances where both milk and beef production were desired.
Use of Beta Carotene in Dairy Rations
Authors: Smith M. W.
Published: March 2023

Prolonged calving intervals and culling losses due to infertility are profit leaks that many dairy farmers want to reduce. Beta Carotene is a management tool that you can use to meet this challenge.
Bypassing the Rumen with Lipids and Protein
Authors: Macleod G. K.
Published: March 2023

One of the most significant developments in ruminant nutrition in recent years has been that of learning to manipulate diets for more effective digestion and production. One of these techniques has been to bypass the rumen when digestion of protein or lipid is not desirable at this site. By bypass we mean that proteins and/or lipids pass through the reticlo-rumen without being affected by rumen microbes and without altering normal bio-chemical processes in the rumen.
Clinical Management of Early Fetal Death
Authors: Woelffer Elmer
Published: March 2023

Our program was this, if we found that a cow had early embryonic death we would start the progesterone treatment on the fourth day after service. That is we gave l0cc (or 500mg) intramuscularly and then we repeated it every IO days. Now if the embryonic death occurred later, let's say after 50, 60 or 90 days, then we would wait until the cow passed one heat period and start the progesterone injection on the 27th or 28th day and we tried to estimate the time that the embryo died and from that date we would go beyond 60 or 70 days and then we would stop.
Herd Health in Free Stalls
Authors: Abernathy R. F.
Published: March 2023

We use mostly bunker silos. These barns are dirve-through barns and this particular barn holds about two hundred cows, a hundred cows on each side divided into groups of fifty. The cows are in one part, another part is the drive-through, the trucks can drive on both sides. There is a row of free stalls on one side and another row of free stalls on the other side. The hay storage is above the feeding alley. So the hay truck can drive through and put the hay off on either side. One barn has tie stalls or they have tie ups, so herd health is a piece of cake in this herd, they have about an eighty cow herd, I can go in twice a month.
Bovine Embryo Transfer and the Veterinary Practitioner
Authors: Elsden R.P.
Published: March 2023

Once embryo transfer techniques become familiar to the veterinary practitioner, embryos can be efficiently collected from four to five donors and transferred nonsurgically into recipients in less than half a day provided excellent facilities are available. However, considerable initial effort is required to learn the techniques of recovery, recognition, manipulation, and transfer of embryos. It usually takes a full year for an experienced bovine practitioner to become proficient in the technique of embryo transfer.
Personal Financial Planning and Common Sense Estate Review
Authors: Mccafferty Owen E.
Published: March 2023

3 papers are part of a seminar presented by the author: 1981 Economic Recovery Act; Valuation of a Veterinary Practice; Economic Order Quality Methodology in Inventory Order and Control.
Embryonic Death & Early Abortion in Cattle
Authors: Woelffer E.A.
Published: March 2023

To what extent do losses from early deaths occur? Reports range all the way from 2 per cent to 35 per cent. When a low level loss occurs in a large commercial herd, the situation may not always seem significant, however, if embryonic or early fetal death occurs in one or more valuable individuals, or the loss becomes a herd problem, the situation assumes considerable economic importance.
Laparohysterectomy as a Therapy for Uterine Rupture
Authors: De Nooij P. P.
Published: March 2023

This paper describes the treatment of uterine rupture by means of a laparohysterectomy.
Spaying of Western Range Heifers
Authors: Curtis Jim
Published: March 2023

Spayed heifers can be run with steers, breeding heifers or even stock cows without causing the least disturbance to the herd because of cycling. Bulls need not be provided for them and the cost of spaying is much less than the cost of breeding
Research Summary of Factors Affecting Conception To First Service in Dairy Cows. Part III
Authors: Darlington R. L.
Published: March 2023

The objective of this analysis is to evaluate the effects of various health disorders on the reproductive and productive performance of dairy cattle.
What Are Animal Welfare People Telling Us?
Authors: Black Neal
Published: March 2023

In brief, the animal welfarists are telling us that the most popular systems for producing meat, milk and eggs in the U.S. constitute abuse and deprivation of the animals involved. One of the major lessons of that trial and of other experience regarding this issue is that there are very good reasons why livestock producers have adopted the practices and systems they use. We've sometimes forgotten why these systems were adopted, but we're reminded quickly when we test some of the alternatives suggested by the welfarists.
Veterinarian
Authors: Herrick John B.
Published: March 2023

Animal welfare is our responsibility. Let's demonstrate this charge by leading out to show the public that we love animals, that we want to care for them and that we will make this attempt without necessitating monetary return. In this way and in many other undescribed ways, veterinarians can take charge of animal welfare and not allow the uninformed to assume leadership. The mere fact that you are a veterinarian makes you an animal welfarist. With your training and knowledge, you are the logical resource personon items pertaining to the welfare of animals.
Panel Discussion
Authors: Ardans Dr. , Osborn Dr.
Published: March 2023

Panel discussion about use of modified live BVD viruses in dairy herds, colostrum, hand milking versus machine milking and the resultant antibody level in the colostrum.
Review of Bovine Bluetongue
Authors: Osburn B. I. , MacLachlan N. J. , Anderson G. A. , Scott J. L.
Published: March 2023

Bluetongue (BT) is an insect-transmitted, virus disease of domestic and wild ruminants. The disease was first described in South Africa, but has subsequently been recognized in a number of other countries, including the United States. 1,2 The best means of controlling infection in cattle is through control of the culicoides vector. This can be accomplished by frequent application of larvicides to water sources such as ponds, lagoons, etc. Variation oflagoon or pond water levels at weekly intervals will reduce the breeding sites of the culicoides. Application of insecticides at weekly intervals to cattle may reduce an insect population sufficiently so that the infection rate is reduced.
Panel Discussion
Authors: Hancock Dr. , Miller Dr.
Published: March 2023

Panel discussion about using a TS meter to check serum protein as a comparison against the zinc sulphate turbidity test, what disinfectants or type of chemicals can be used to disinfect equipment that is being used on multiple animals, use of vaccine to keep herds intact, culling procedure of the herds in Europe, importance of insect vectors, percent of fetal calves developing lymphosarcoma.
Panel Discussion
Authors: Eberhart Dr.
Published: March 2023

Panel discussion about reduction in the cell counts in cows over seven years of age.
Bovine Rumensin Toxicity
Authors: Kimberling C. V. , Schweitzer D. J.
Published: March 2023

In reviewing the epidemiological findings on this case of monensin toxicity, it is postulated that the reason for the increased number of deaths occurring in the yearling heifer group, is a dose/weight relationship. The other factor involved is that this group of animals received the very last portion of liquid supplement at the bottom of the tank. The deaths in the yearling heifers were primarily in the larger, more aggressive heifers. This, of course, puts some question on the dose relationship but when viewing the total amount of feed bunk availability, the smaller heifers were not allowed to the first feeding which contained the toxic level of monensin. The other groups where death losses occured were in the two year old heifers with calves at side and the yearling steers. The yearling steers and cull cows running together again indicates a dose/weight relationship. Although the two year old heifers with calves at side were heavier, it is postulated there may be some relationship due to stress on this particular group of animals.
Dietary Effects on Abomasal Motility in Cattle
Authors: Becht J. L. , Whitlock R.H. , Chalupa W.
Published: March 2023

This experiment was an attempt to provide additional information on the nutritional etiopathogenesis of abomasal displacement in cattle and stimulate more attention to the prepartum and early postpartum feeding of cattle to prevent abomasal displacement. The objectives of this study were: ( 1) to determine the effect of various rations on abomasal electromyographic activity, contractile strength and intraluminal pressure changes and ( 2) to determine the relationship of rumen volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and abomasal VF A concentration to abomasal motility. Contrary to Swenson's findings we did not see an increase in abomasal contractions during a corn silage diet, neither on grass diet. We can therefore seriously question the theory that cows on an increased concentrate diet have decreased abomasal motility which predisposes them to abomasal displacement.
Results of Oral Selenium Supplementation in Cattle
Authors: South Peter
Published: March 2023

Recent investigations by researchers at the University of Idaho Department of Veterinary Science have revealed extremely low tissue selenium levels in cattle maintained on forage grown on selenium deficient areas in Idaho and Washington. Significant elevations of tissue selenium were evident 60 days following initiation of selenium supplementation using levels of 50 ppm and 90 ppm. Very little or no response was seen at levels of 20 ppm. Calves from dams that had access to a 90-ppm selenium-salt mix were blood sampled within three days of birth and found to have adequate tissue selenium levels, suggesting that in the bovine animal, significant placental transfer occurs.
Prevalence of Paratuberculosis (Johne's Disease) in Illinois Cattle Herds
Authors: McPherson T. E.
Published: March 2023

There has been an increasingly severe clinical problem with paratuberculosis for several purebred beef breeders who are clients of the Field Service Section, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois. Several approaches have been made to estimate the significance of the disease and its impact on both management and health status of these herds. Preliminary studies to assess the significance of paratuberculosis in Illinois in herds without previous history of clinical J ohne' s disease indicated one third (5 / 15 ) had one or more cows shedding the causative organism. Based on this finding, a statistically designed random sampling study was begun to assess the extent of the disease in Illinois cattle herds. Partial results at this time indicate approximately 31 % of Illinois herds sampled have one or more cows shedding Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.
Weight Changes of Male Dairy Calves Following Zeranol Implants
Authors: Donovan G. A. , Braun R. K. , Littell R. C. , Suissa S.
Published: March 2023

In a trial to determine the effect of zeranol implants on weight gains from birth to 180 days of age, 269 male Holstein calves were assigned randomly to one of three groups: a) 56 intact calves, b) 106 castrated calves implanted at birth and again at 90 days with 36 mg zeranol, and c) 107 castrated controls. All calves were weighed at 0, 28, 56, 90, and 180 days of age. Zeranol implanted steers averaged 9.2% greater average daily gain at 90 days and 9. 5% greater at the end of the trial than control steers. Intact male calves' weight gains were intermediate between the two steer groups. There was no correlation between implant status, total protein of blood serum, mortality, birth weight, or parity of the dam. During the first 180 days of age, implanting Holstein calves with zeranol at birth and repeated at 90 days can return upwards of $14.89 per dollar invested. (Key words: Zeranol, dairy beef, total serum protein, colostrum, mortality, weight gain.)
Teat Surgery
Authors: Lloyd K.
Published: March 2023

During my years of practice I have made some observations and developed a procedure for handling those "stepped on teats" that routinely occur in most dairy operations and too often end up with the loss of a quarter or slaughter of a good cow. The procedure I will describe is not generally printed in the literature but it has served me well for 35 years.
Vaginal Prolapse Repair
Authors: Whitford R. E.
Published: March 2023

Prolapsed vagina is a problem for all of us involved in large animal practice. Our treatment procedures are probably not much difference than anyone else. We treat most of these cases in our haul-in facility at the clinic. Our facilities are not elaborate, but functional, allowing us to do about 75 % of our large animal work at the clinic. I feel this is about the only way a mixed practice can survive continuing to do large animal work.
Relative Contributions of Veterinary Service Programs to Dairy Herd Health and Milk Production
Authors: Goodger William J.
Published: March 2023

Veterinary services to the food animal industries are in a period of important adjustments, if not crisis, induced in part by the long-term success of veterinary science in reducing exotic diseases and by competition from other inputs. While control of exotic diseases and competition from other inputs have reduced the demand for food animal services, the supply of veterinarians to industry has been diminished by a growing demand for companion animal veterinarians as consumer incomes have increased.
Tidbits From Tennessee
Authors: McCambell Hugh
Published: March 2023

Practice tips about herd health infusions, bovine surgery are discussed.
Welcome to Oklahoma
Authors: Boger Lawrence L.
Published: March 2023

I want to say just a word or two about the kind of world in which we are living, how fast paced it is and some of the resulting obligations that we feel here at Oklahoma State University. I am sure land grant universities across this land feel the same obligations. They offer tremendous challenges as we look to the years ahead.
Embryo Transfer in a Group Practice
Authors: Robertson Edwin G.
Published: March 2023

In summary, (1) embryo transfer has been an added source of income for our practice (2) It has led to better reproductive work on our farms where we do regular monthly sterility exams (3) It has led to better utilization of staff time and enabled us to keep a staff large enough to allow adequate time off for vacations and continuing education trips while still serving the needs of the three communities in which we work (4) and also, and maybe most importantly, it provides new and exciting challenges to keep daily practice from becoming ho-hum.
Applied Fluid Therapy in Bovine Practice
Authors: Bucholtz David C.
Published: March 2023

Affordability, Convenience, and Effectiveness produce an Ace card answer to why you, the bovine practitioner, should incorporate fluid therapy into your routine treatment schemes. In the following discussion, we will examine how inexpensively and easily fluid treatment can be accomplished, as well as the therapeutic benefits obtained by its use.
Use of Microcomputers for Consultation
Authors: Leverett Gene
Published: March 2023

Microcomputer programs are real great tools for storing, tabulation, and analysing information. The proper use of this tool requires a well developed rational philosophy of livestock production to benefit the producer, which I hope I have given a good idea of in my explanation of the cow-calf program. The other problem with the computer is the inadequacy of available software. There is a lot of junk software available that just isn't worth the powder to blow it up. To make your own software is a very time consuming project that most people will not be able to accomplish to their satisfaction.
Effects of Cold Exposure on Neonatal Calves
Authors: Olson David P.
Published: March 2023

Cold stress is an environmental hazard that potentially can produce life-threatening changes in susceptible young calves. Calves may die either directly or indirectly as a result of cold exposure. A combination of adequate case history, clinical signs, and laboratory data often provide enough information necessary to make a correct diagnosis. Several methods of treatment are available to effectively and rapidly assist hypothermia calves during recovery. The fluid and electrolyte balances in hypothermic calves should also be taken into account when considering the most effective treatment regimen. It is important to realize the resilience and fortitude of young calves even though they have been severely cold stressed. These natural qualities, coupled with prompt and vigorous treatment, greatly enhance their chances for uneventful and complete recovery.
Role of Colostrum in Managing Calf Health
Authors: Gay Clive C.
Published: March 2023

Passive immunity acquired by the newborn calf following ingestion of colostrum is a major determinant, but not the sole determinant, of health during the neonatal period. Colostral immunoglobulins provide both circulating antibody and antibody active at local surfaces such as the gut. There is a high prevalence of failure of passive transfer of colostral immunoglobulins in calves. The transfer of colostral immunoglobulins to the calf is influenced by factors such as age at first feeding, method of feeding, the volume of colostrum ingested and its immunoglobulin concentration, the feeding of single versus pooled colostrum, a possible effect from the presence of the dam, seasonal influences and individual calf variation in efficiency of absorption. In this paper the influence of each of these individual factors will be discussed, however, in most herds the occurence of failure of passive transfer results from an interplay between most of these influences.
Report on the North American Symposium on Bovine Respiratory Disease
Authors: Cummins Joseph M.
Published: March 2023

Most acute respiratory disease in humans is caused by viruses, and, similarly in cattle, viruses are blamed for the majority of cases of acute bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Viruses as etiologic agents in bovine respiratory sisease are discussed. All recognize the "Big 3", IBR, BYD, and Pl-3 as being ubiquitous bovine viruses. There are several types of evidence commonly cited to suggest that respiratory viruses are immunosuppressive.