bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increased EpCAM expression in malignant insulinoma: potential clinical implications
Authors: Raffel Andreas , Eisenberger Claus F , Cupisti Kenko , Schott Matthias , Baldus Stephan E , Hoffmann Imke , Aydin Feride , Knoefel Wolfram T , Stoecklein Nikolas H
Published: January 2010

Objective

EpCAM (CD326) is overexpressed in progenitor cells of endocrine pancreatic islands of Langerhans during fetal development and was suggested to act as a morphoregulatory molecule in pancreatic island ontogeny. We tested whether EpCAM overexpression is reactivated in insulinomas, endocrine tumors arising in the pancreas.

Design/method

We used monoclonal anti-EpCAM antibody Ber-Ep4 for immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tumor material. We analyzed 53 insulinomas: 40 benign (disease stage<IIa) and 13 malignant tumors (disease stage IIIb/IV). Disease stage disposition followed new TNM classification of the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) for foregut neuroendocrine tumors (2006). Additionally, ten insulinoma metastases were analyzed. Clinical follow-up was available for overall survival analysis from 49 patients. The EpCAM expression of the islands of Langerhans was classified as 2+ in healthy pancreatic tissue.

Results

In 38% of the benign insulinomas (disease stage<IIa), we found strong (3+) EpCAM expression. In contrast, malignant insulinomas (disease stage IIIb/IV) and their metastases exhibited a strong (3+) EpCAM expression with 78 and 80% respectively, significantly more frequent (P<0.01). The malignant tissue was characterized by a significantly lower number of unstained cells and significantly higher number of 3+ stained cells. Quantitative PCR for EpCAM mRNA validated strong EpCAM expression in malignant insulinoma. Kaplan–Meier curves indicated survival disadvantage for EpCAM 3+ insulinomas, but this was not statistically significant (log-rank test).

Conclusion

This first EpCAM expression study in benign/malignant insulinomas indicates that strong EpCAM expression could help to identify patients at risk for malignant disease and might be used as a therapeutic target for antibody-based therapies in patients with metastatic insulinoma.
Foreword
Authors: Wilton Patrick
Published: January 2010

We gratefully acknowledge the work of the Guest Editors Beverly MK Biller, Hugo Fideleff, Vera Popovic and Felipe Casanueva on the EJE special issue 15 years of KIMS® and 5 years of ACROSTUDY™ Their contribution to the management of adult patients with growth hormone disorders. This acknowledgement was omitted by mistake from EJE 161 (Suppl 1) S1–S2.
Nuclear export and mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum localization of IGF-binding protein 3 regulate its apoptotic properties
Authors: Paharkova-Vatchkova Vladislava , Lee Kuk-Wha
Published: January 2010

Tumor suppression by IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) may occur in an IGF-independent manner, in addition to its role as a regulator of IGF bioavailability. After secretion, IGFBP3 is internalized, rapidly localized to the nucleus, and is later detected in the cytoplasm. We identified a putative nuclear export sequence (NES) in IGFBP3 between amino acids 217 and 228, analogous to the leucine-rich NES sequence of p53 and HIV Rev. Mutation of the NES prevents nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of IGFBP3 and blocks its ability to induce apoptosis. Targeting of IGFBP3 to the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was confirmed by co-localization with organelle markers using fluorescence confocal microscopy and subcellular fractionation. Mitochondrial targeting was also demonstrated in vivo in IGFBP3-treated prostate cancer xenografts. These results show that IGFBP3 shuttles from the nucleus to the mitochondria and ER, and that nuclear export is essential for its effects on prostate cancer apoptosis.
Development and characterization of five rainbow trout pituitary single-cell clone lines capable of producing pituitary hormones
Authors: Chen Maria J , Chiou Pinwen Peter , Liao Yu-Hsian , Lin Chun-Mean , Chen Thomas T
Published: January 2010

Five single-cell clone lines (mRTP1B, mRTP1E, mRTP1F, mRTP1K, and mRTP2A) have been developed from adult rainbow trout pituitary glands. These cell lines have been maintained in a CO2-independent medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) for more than 150 passages. At about 150 passages, the doubling time of each single-cell clone in a CO2-independent medium supplemented with 10% FBS at 20 °C was 3.6±0.7, 2.8±0.7, 3.2±0.8, 5.5±0.6, and 6.6±0.6 days respectively. Each single-cell clone contains 60±2 chromosomes, which is within the range of the 2N chromosome numbers reported for rainbow trout. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis revealed that in addition to expressing gh, prolactin (prl), and estradiol (E2) receptor α (e2rα or esr1) genes, each single-cell clone line also expressed other pituitary-specific genes such as tsh, gonadotropin 1 (gth-1 or fshb), gonadotropin 2 (gth-2 or lhb), somatolactin (sl or smtl), proopiomelanocortin-B (pomcb), and corticosteroid receptor (cr or nr3c1). Immunocytochemical analysis showed that all the five single-cell clones produced both Gh and Prl. Furthermore, the expression of gh and prl genes in the single-cell clone lines is responsive to induction by E2, dexamethasone, and o,p′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane. All together, these results confirm that each of the single-cell clones was derived from rainbow trout pituitary glands. These single-cell clone lines not only can be used to study factors that regulate the expression of pituitary hormone genes, but can also be developed as a rapid screening system for identifying environmental endocrine disruptors.
Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in the growth plate is stimulated by estradiol and increases during pubertal development
Authors: Emons Joyce , Chagin Andrei S , Malmlöf Torun , Lekman Magnus , Tivesten Åsa , Ohlsson Claes , Wit Jan M , Karperien Marcel , Sävendahl Lars
Published: January 2010

Longitudinal bone growth is regulated in the growth plate. At the end of puberty, growth velocity diminishes and eventually ceases with the fusion of the growth plate through mechanisms that are not yet completely understood. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has an important role in angiogenesis, but also in chondrocyte differentiation, chondrocyte survival, and the final stages of endochondral ossification. Estrogens have been shown to up-regulate VEGF expression in the uterus and bone of rats. In this study, we investigated the relation between estrogens and VEGF production in growth plate chondrocytes both in vivo and in vitro. The expression of VEGF protein was down-regulated upon ovariectomy and was restored upon estradiol (E2) supplementation in rat growth plates. In cultured rat chondrocyte cell line RCJ3.1C5.18, E2 dose dependently stimulated 121 and 189 kDa isoforms of VEGF, but not the 164 kDa isoform. Finally, VEGF expression was observed at both protein and mRNA levels in human growth plate specimens. The protein level increased during pubertal development, supporting a link between estrogens and local VEGF production in the growth plate. We conclude that estrogens regulate VEGF expression in the epiphyseal growth plate, although the precise role of VEGF in estrogen-mediated growth plate fusion remains to be clarified.
Shifting Focus: From Books to Laptops to Face-to-Face Discussion
Authors: Heim Michael
Published: January 2010

Contemporary innovations in education tend to be information based or computer driven. A complete curriculum, however, needs flexibility in order to foster skills for shifting from one context to another. Face-to-face skills play an important role in the governance of democratic societies, and ‘having a good understanding’ of something involves the ability to communicate what is known. The dominant cognitive model of information (information and communications technology) should not weaken the human skills that belong to a full education. Computers need to be seen in a broad educational context. The iClass project and the No-Laptop policy described in this article show two different but related ways of acknowledging the limitations of the modern information paradigm. These two postmodern approaches share a critical distance from computers so as to customize information for specific learning situations. While engaging with computers, educators should weigh specific practices and ask how, and under what circumstances, computers actually contribute to a learning situation.
Personalization, Personalized Learning and the Reform of Social Policy: The Prospect of Molecular Governance in the Digitized Society
Authors: Peters Michael A.
Published: January 2010

This article argues that personalized learning has emerged in the last decade as a special instance of a more generalized response to the problem of the reorganization of the State in response to globalization and the end of the effectiveness of the industrial mass production model in the delivery of public services. The article examines personalization as one of a number of strategies for overcoming the bureaucratic State and then provides a discussion of ‘mass customization’ as the discourse from which personalization emerged. Finally, there is an analysis of the policy discourse of personalization in the United Kingdom, including a focus on personalizing learning as the model of future public sector reform.
Habermasian Reflections on the Question of Educational Technology
Authors: Sarid Ariel
Published: January 2010

The aim of this article is to provide a Habermasian-inspired approach to the application of educational technologies. Such an approach is advocated here in order to counter voices that are critical of the idea of applying technology in the classroom, as well as current (instrumentalist) views that uncritically and unreflectively embrace technology. The author claims, based on Habermas's analytic division between lifeworld and system, that the circular process between social values and technological development must be maintained if the malaises of instrumentalism can be confronted. The author also shows that applying educational technologies towards the development of autonomous communicative competences reinstates this circular process and supports the development of a vibrant democratic culture.
Supporting Self-Regulated Personalised Learning through Competence-Based Knowledge Space Theory
Authors: Steiner Christina M. , Nussbaumer Alexander , Albert Dietrich
Published: January 2010

This article presents two current research trends in e-learning that at first sight appear to compete. Competence-Based Knowledge Space Theory (CBKST) provides a knowledge representation framework which, since its invention by Doignon & Falmagne, has been successfully applied in various e-learning systems (for example, Adaptive Learning with Knowledge Spaces [ALEKS] and Enhanced Learning Experience and Knowledge Transfer [ELEKTRA]), providing automated personalisation to learners' current knowledge and competence levels. Principles of self-regulated learning (SRL), pioneered by, for example, Zimmerman, however, argue for increased learner control, thus resulting in giving learners greater responsibility over their e-learning. The research presented in this article shows that skill-based visualisations in the tradition of CBKST and SRL-based autonomy are in no way conflicting but rather complement each other towards an integrated approach of self-regulated personalised learning. The research has been carried out and technologically translated into a set of visual tools for supporting the whole learning cycle within the scope of the iClass project.
Morning Cortisol Levels and Cognitive Abilities in People With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Reynolds Rebecca M. , Strachan Mark W.J. , Labad Javier , Lee Amanda J. , Frier Brian M. , Fowkes F. Gerald , Mitchell Rory , Seckl Jonathan R. , Deary Ian J. , Walker Brian R. , Price Jackie F. ,   on behalf of the Edinburgh Type 2 Diabetes Study Investigators
Published: January 2010

OBJECTIVE

People with type 2 diabetes are at increased risk of cognitive impairment but the mechanism is uncertain. Elevated glucocorticoid levels in rodents and humans are associated with cognitive impairment. We aimed to determine whether fasting cortisol levels are associated with cognitive ability and estimated lifetime cognitive change in an elderly population with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This was a cross-sectional study of 1,066 men and women aged 60–75 years with type 2 diabetes, living in Lothian, Scotland (the Edinburgh Type 2 Diabetes Study). Cognitive abilities in memory, nonverbal reasoning, information processing speed, executive function, and mental flexibility were tested, and a general cognitive ability factor, g, was derived. Prior intelligence was estimated from vocabulary testing, and adjustment for scores on this test was used to estimate lifetime cognitive change. Relationships between fasting morning plasma cortisol levels and cognitive ability and estimated cognitive change were tested. Models were adjusted for potential confounding and/or mediating variables including metabolic and cardiovascular variables.

RESULTS

In age-adjusted analyses, higher fasting cortisol levels were not associated with current g or with performance in individual cognitive domains. However, higher fasting cortisol levels were associated with greater estimated cognitive decline in g and in tests of working memory and processing speed, independent of mood, education, metabolic variables, and cardiovascular disease (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

High morning cortisol levels in elderly people with type 2 diabetes are associated with estimated age-related cognitive change. Strategies targeted at lowering cortisol action may be useful in ameliorating cognitive decline in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Pediatric Endurance and Limb Strengthening (PEDALS) for Children With Cerebral Palsy Using Stationary Cycling: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Fowler Eileen G. , Knutson Loretta M. , DeMuth Sharon K. , Siebert Kara L. , Simms Victoria D. , Sugi Mia H. , Souza Richard B. , Karim Roksana , Azen Stanley P. ,   for the Physical Therapy Clinical Research Network (PTClinResNet)
Published: January 2010

Background

Effective interventions to improve and maintain strength (force-generating capacity) and endurance are needed for children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Objective

This study was performed to examine the effects of a stationary cycling intervention on muscle strength, locomotor endurance, preferred walking speed, and gross motor function in children with spastic diplegic CP.

Design

This was a phase I randomized controlled trial with single blinding.

Setting

The interventions were performed in community-based outpatient physical therapy clinics. Outcome assessments were performed in university laboratories.

Participants

Sixty-two ambulatory children aged 7 to 18 years with spastic diplegic CP and Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I to III participated in this study.

Intervention and Measurements

Participants were randomly assigned to cycling or control (no-intervention) groups. Thirty intervention sessions occurred over 12 weeks. Primary outcomes were peak knee extensor and flexor moments, the 600-Yard Walk-Run Test, the Thirty-Second Walk Test, and the Gross Motor Function Measure sections D and E (GMFM-66).

Results

Significant baseline-postintervention improvements were found for the 600-Yard Walk-Run Test, the GMFM-66, peak knee extensor moments at 120°/s, and peak knee flexor moments at 30°/s for the cycling group. Improved peak knee flexor moments at 120°/s were found for the control group only, although not all participants could complete this speed of testing. Significant differences between the cycling and control groups based on change scores were not found for any outcomes.

Limitations

Heterogeneity of the patient population and intrasubject variability were limitations of the study.

Conclusions

Significant improvements in locomotor endurance, gross motor function, and some measures of strength were found for the cycling group but not the control group, providing preliminary support for this intervention. As statistical differences were not found in baseline-postintervention change scores between the 2 groups; the results did not demonstrate that stationary cycling was more effective than no intervention. The results of this phase I study provide guidance for future research.
Aerobic Exercise During Early Rehabilitation for Cervical Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Tawashy Amira E. , Eng Janice J. , Krassioukov Andrei V. , Miller William C. , Sproule Shannon
Published: January 2010

Background and Purpose

People with spinal cord injuries (SCIs), particularly those with injuries causing tetraplegia, are at risk for cardiovascular illnesses. There is a compelling need to address poor cardiovascular health as early as possible after cervical SCI. The purpose of this case report is to illustrate the process of aerobic exercise prescription during inpatient rehabilitation for cervical SCI.

Case Description

The patient was a 22-year-old man who had sustained a complete C5 SCI during a swimming accident 12 weeks before he participated in an aerobic exercise program. The program was developed to facilitate aerobic capacity while minimizing muscular fatigue. The patient attended 18 sessions over a 2-month period.

Outcomes

The patient's exercise tolerance increased in terms of both exercise duration and exercise intensity. Measurements of cardiovascular health, taken before and after training, revealed substantial increases in peak oxygen uptake (20%) and orthostatic tolerance over the course of the program.

Discussion

The patient experienced typical complications associated with acute SCI (eg, orthostatic hypotension, urinary tract infections). He exhibited several signs of improved exercise tolerance and wheelchair mobility during the 2-month program, indicating potential cardiovascular and functional improvements from the exercise training.
Listening Skill At Tertiary Level: A Reflection
Authors: Abedin Md Minhajul , Majlish Saiful Hassan Khan , Akter Shorna
Published: January 2010

This study focuses on the real scenario of listening skill of learners at the tertiary level in private universities in our country and through this attempt we have tried to find out the reasons of poor listening skills of the learners. At secondary and higher secondary level, where Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) is in practice, writing and speaking are given maximum importance. Since learners' listening skill is not assessed like other skills, it remains unattended through out their academic career. The scenario of poor listening skill of the learners continues with the same negligence even at the tertiary level. Giving importance to the development of this skill, the study has been done throughout questionnaire survey both from students' and teachers' point of view. The survey result has been analyzed and some suggestions are given regarding the matter. Key words: Listening Skill, Tertiary level, Private UniversitiesDOI: 10.3329/dujl.v2i3.4144 The Dhaka University Journal of Linguistics: Vol.2 No.3 February, 2009 Page: 69-90
Morphosyntactic Analysis of Mro Language
Authors: Rashel Md Mostafa
Published: January 2010

In this article, I have used many examples to build up a concept about the relationship between Mro morphology and syntax, especially the different case markers to find out the relationship among them. During the research my goal was to provide a description of the constituent order; grammatical categories like tense; comparative marker -la'e (then), -leplep la'e (most); pronominal system (determiners used with first and second person but 3rd person is independent); demonstratives, adverbs, clause combination like conditional markers, reasons, time, motion; structures of question like y/n question, informal, exclamatory; case markers like noun, pronoun (relative), numeral relation to conjunction, suffix, clause/sentence level; grammatical relation (GR) as well as text analysis of Mro language. Key words: Morphosyntax, Language family, pronominal system, Case marker, grammatical relation, Mro.DOI: 10.3329/dujl.v2i3.4149 The Dhaka University Journal of Linguistics: Vol.2 No.3 February, 2009 Page: 141-160
FOXP 2: A gene for language and speech
Authors: Arif Hakim
Published: January 2010

Establishing the nature of relationship between Linguistics and bio-sciences, especially Genetic Studies is nether an imagination today, nor an ambitious project at all, as psychologists, linguists and genetic scientists started to put there keen interest in this endeavour at the beginning of the twentieth-first century. The study of FOXP2-a potential human gene responsible for the degeneration of half of the members of famous KE family's speech and language performances, starts an epoch-making initiative in this regard. This paper provides a brief description of the research projects dedicated to explore POXP2 gene, including identifying speech and language behaviour of human beings with particular reference to this gene. Key Words: Grammar gene, language development, autism, SLI, Dyspraxia.DOI: 10.3329/dujl.v2i3.4151 The Dhaka University Journal of Linguistics: Vol.2 No.3 February, 2009 Page: 173-184
Serum Apoprotein (ApoA1 and ApoB) in Myocardial infarction
Authors: Jhuma Khadija Akther , Hoque MM
Published: January 2010

30 diagnosed cases (Male26, Female 4) of MI (myocardial infarction) with the mean age of 55.5±9.8 years (range 40- 70 years) were included in a case control study to evaluate their apoprotein status. Serum apoA1 and apoB were measured and compared with those of age and sex matched healthy control subjects. Mean serum apoA1 concentration found significantly low in MI cases (91.84± 11.2 mg/dl) compared to control ( 123.2±10.5 mg/dl) and that of apoB found significantly high in MI cases( 135.3± 23.0 mg/dl ) compared to control (66.2±10.0 mg/dl).Serum apoB/apoA1 ratio of MI cases (1.49±0.3) also found significantly higher than that of control (0.54±0.1) .Since the serum apoA1 and apoB concentration stand for relatively more comprehensive measure of antiatherogenic and atherogenic potential respectively rather than the traditional lipid profile ; measurement of this apoprotein and their ratio may be more robust and specific marker for identification of individuals at risk of MI even in individuals with normal traditional lipid profile. Key word: ApoA1, ApoB, MI DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v26i2.4181 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2008; 26: 62-66
Radioiodine (131i) Therapy for Thyrotoxicosis Patients and their Outcome: Experience at Center for Nuclear Medicine & Ultrasound, Barisal
Authors: Biswas Shankar Kumar , Jahan Nafisa , Rahman KBM Abdur
Published: January 2010

Radioiodine therapy appears to be an effective means in controlling thyrotoxicosis and it acts either by destroying functioning thyroid cells or by inhibiting their ability to replicate. The variable radiosensitivity of the gland means that the choice of dose is empirical. Unfortunately all attempts at dosimetry have thus far failed to reliably deliver a dose that avoids recurrence and does not ultimately lead to hypothyroidism. Ninety five patients (female 66 and male 29) with thyrotoxicosis treated with radioiodine at the Center for Nuclear Medicine & Ultrasound, Barisal and their outcome were analyzed from January 2000 to December 2004. Before radioiodine administration clinical features of the patients, palpation of the thyroid gland and ultrasonogram were performed. 131I was given as fixed dose method and the dose ranged from 8-12 mCi. Higher doses were administered for larger goiter, multinodular goiter and in relapse cases. Hyperthyroid state was controlled in 85 (89%) patients after receiving single dose of radioiodine and 13 (13.6%) patients developed hypothyroidism within 3 months of therapy. Radioiodine therapy has proved to be cheap and effective method of treatment for thyrotoxicosis. Key words: Thyrotoxicosis, Radioiodine therapy, Hypothyroidism. DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v26i2.4184 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2008; 26: 73-78
Approach to Subclinical Thyroid Diseas
Authors: Sutradhar Satya Ranjan
Published: January 2010

Subclinical thyroid dysfunction is defined as an abnormal serum thyroid-stimulating hormone level and free thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels within their reference ranges. The prevalence of subclinical hyperthyroidism is about 2 percent. Subclinical hypothyroidism is found in approximately 4 to 8.5 percent of the population. Most national organizations recommend against routine screening of asymptomatic patients, but screening is recommended for high risk populations. The management of subclinical thyroid dysfunction is controversial. There is good evidence that subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with progression to overt disease. Patients with a serum thyroid-stimulating hormone level greater than 10 mIU/L have a higher incidence of elevated serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations; however, evidence is lacking for other associations. There is insufficient evidence that treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism is beneficial. A serum thyroid stimulating hormone level of less than 0.1 mIU/L is associated with progression to overt hyperthyroidism, atrial fibrillation, reduced bone mineral density, and cardiac dysfunction. There is little evidence that early treatment alters the clinical course. DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v26i2.4187 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2008; 26: 91-96
Henoch-Schonlein Purpura in an Elderly Women Presenting with Severe GI Bleeding: A case report
Authors: Chowdhury MA Jalil , Arafat SM , Hussain Abed
Published: January 2010

A 65-year-old lady presented with recent onset of purpuric rash over the lower limbs, polyarthritis, severe colicky abdominal pain associated with bloody diarrhea following a short episode of upper respiratory tract infection. Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) was diagnosed on the basis of normal platelet count, normal serum complement, leucocytoclastic vasculitis on skin biopsy and negative search for rheumatoid factor (RF), antinuclear antibody (ANA), hepatitis B and C virus markers and other infective causes. DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v26i2.4189 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2008; 26: 100-102
Fetal Abdominal Circumference Growth in Bangladeshi Population
Authors: Rashid Sabrina Q
Published: January 2010

Objective: Fetal abdominal circumference is the single most important parameter for determining fetal growth. Determination of fetal growth abnormalities will be more accurate if we use tables prepared on our own population. A nomogram of fetal abdominal circumference in Bangladeshi population is therefore presented in this study. Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted on well dated, singleton pregnancies. A table and a graph were prepared after fitting Polynomial regression models. Results: Fetal charts were constructed from1223 subjects. 3rd, 10th, 50th, 90th and 97th percentiles, mean and standard deviations were derived. The models showed good fit to the data. There was a gradual increase of the abdominal circumference measurements up to 37th week. Standard deviations showed increased variability as the pregnancy advanced. In the early second trimester Bangladeshi, Indian, and western measurements were similar but as pregnancy advanced there was variation between different races especially from the western. Conclusion: These findings suggest that this chart is unique for Bangladeshi population and can be useful for accurate assessment of fetal growth, especially in the 3rd trimester.Key words: abdominal circumference, fetal growth, Bangladesh. DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v26i3.4195 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2008; 26: 124-127
Preterm Very Low-Birth Weight Babies: Outcome of Admitted Newborns at a Community-Level Medical College Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed ASM Nawshad Uddin , Rob MA , Rahman Ferdous , Rahman Redwanur , Huda Nazmul
Published: January 2010

y, mainly due to infections and complications of prematurity. The present article is a descriptive analysis of the most common reasons for hospital admission of VLBW infants, morbidity during hospital stay, and their immediate outcome at a community level medical college hospital in Bangladesh. Sixty VLBW neonates (< 1,500 grams weight), 37 males and 23 females, < 72 hours of age were enrolled prospectively from March 2005 to February 2007; 4 babies were excluded. Thirty-four babies were hospital born and 26 home delivered cases admitted postnatally. The mean birth weight and gestational age of the newborns were 1270 ± 169 grams and 30.9 ± 2.9 weeks respectively. Forty-one of 60 cases (68.3%) mothers received at least one antenatal care visit. Common clinical presentations were prematurity alone (36.7%) and its complications like delayed crying (25.0%), feeding problem (23.3%), lethargy (16.7%), hypothermia (10.0%) and respiratory problem (8.3%). The commonest morbidity during hospital stay was neonatal hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy (26.7%), apnoea of prematurity (15.0%), and septicaemia (11.7%). The overall survival rate was 56.7%; most of the deceased cases were those < 1250 grams (15/28, 53.6%) and < 30 weeks of gestation (17/30, 56.7%). No infant with a birth weight < 850 grams or a gestational age < 28 weeks survived. The most common cause of death was birth asphyxia (38.5%), followed by extreme prematurity (26.9%), and septicaemia (19.2%). Very low birth weight infants had relatively higher survival rates probably due to low infection rate. DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v26i3.4196 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2008; 26: 128-134
Assisted Reproductive Technology: Techniques and Limitations
Authors: Begum Mosammat Rashida
Published: January 2010

Infertility is a source of social and psychological suffering for both men and women and can place great pressure on the relationship within the couple. One in six couples of any society remains infertile and 10% of them need help of assisted reproductive technology (ART). ART refers to all technology where gametes are manipulated outside the body. In-vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) are the commonest of all type of ART. Bilateral tubal block, endometriosis, severe oligospermia, and azoospermia are the commonest indications for ART. Whoever is responsible for infertility women are usually treated for superovulation, which sometimes involves risk of the patient. Collection of oocyte is also invasive. Result of treatment in terms of pregnancy is not very satisfactory. Average pregnancy rate is 30%- 34% worldwide. Abortion and congenital anomaly rate is a bit higher than normal population, which is related to age of the female partner not related to the procedure. There are a number of barriers in this treatment like high cost of treatment, poor result, social stigma and superstitious believe. In addition to creating family by means of assisted reproductive technology, it has made a new dimension for distressed infertile couple. DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v26i3.4197 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2008; 26: 135-141
Management of Sciatica: Conservative Versus Surgical
Authors: Rahman Md Shahidur , Uddin Mohd Taslim , Ahsanulla Md
Published: January 2010

Many peoples suffer from sciatica, which is a mechanical pain along sciatic nerve distribution. There is lot of controversy over superiority of either conservative or surgical treatment. The aim of the present review is to compare the efficacy of both sides of treatment options. In all available studies it seems that a substantial proportion of patients improve over time. This holds true for patients undergoing surgery or receiving conservative care. Patients undergoing disc surgery are more likely to get quicker relief of leg symptoms than patients receiving conservative care. If symptoms do not improve after 6-8 weeks, patients may opt for disc surgery. Those who are hesitant about surgery and can cope with their symptoms may opt for continued conservative care. Patient preference is therefore an important feature in the decision process. Key words: Sciatica, management, conservative, surgical. DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v26i3.4198 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2008; 26: 142-146
Laparoscopic Management of Unruptured Interstitial Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Nahar Shamsun
Published: January 2010

A 27 years old women para -1 had a complaint of dullache pain in right iliac fossa for 5 days with irregular spotting. Her previous menstrual cycle was normal but in last one month she had an irregular spotting. On examination she was normotensive. Hb% was 65%. there was no tenderness during per abdominal examination but tenderness during per vaginal examination on right side. Transvaginal ultrasonography (TUVS) detected a degenerative sub serous fibroid of 3.5 x 3 cm on the right fundoanterior side, both adnexae were normal, no fluid was present in cul-de-sac. Her pregnancy test was positive but signs and symptoms of pregnancy were absent. Operative plan was intervention by laparoscope. An unruptured interstitial ectopic pregnancy was found at the anterolateral wall of the fundus. Laparoscopic excision was done and the uterine wall sutured with 2/0 polyprolylin. Post operative outcome was good. DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v26i3.4199 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2008; 26: 147-148
Haemosiderosis as a Consequence of Haemolysis and Repeated Blood Transfusion following Arsenic Intoxication in a Child
Authors: Afroze Ainun , Rukunuzzaman M , Hasan S , Rahman A
Published: January 2010

Arsenic is a ubiquitous element detected in low concentration virtually in all environmental media. Arsenic intoxication may occur following ingestion, inhalation or contact. A 5 1/2 years old girl with arsenic intoxication and haemosiderosis was admitted in the department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. In Bangladesh 54 out of 64 districts are affected by arsenic contamination in tubewell water. 35 million people are at risk of arsenic toxicity. This patient presented with history of repeated blood transfusion since 4 months of age associated with fever, Jaundice and abdominal pain. She also had anaemia and hepatosplenomegaly. She had high arsenic level in urine and hair samples. Haemosiderosis was diagnosed by liver biopsy. She was treated with Desferrioxamine, antioxidant vitamins (Vit A, E), zinc and blood transfusion. In the present case haemolysis due to arsenic intoxication occurred at an early age, for which frequent blood transfusions were needed. Multiple transfusion without proper chealation led to development of haemosiderosis. DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v26i3.4200 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2008; 26: 149-152
AMERICAN SPECIES OF LUDIUS; THE CRUCIATUS AND EDWARDSI GROUPS (COLEOP.)
Authors: Brown W. J.
Published: January 2010

A recent critical study of a number of species of Ludius Esch. has shown that considerable confusion exists in collections of the group, due largely to lack of adequate descriptions of the various species and to the artificial nature of the classification now in use. The genus Ludius, as now recognized in the American literature, is not a true genus in any natural sense, but is, rather, a heterogeneous group of species the natural affinities of which are not known. For purposes of classification, the species have been grouped primarily by characters of the antennae.
ADDITIONAL NOTES ON TROPAEA LUNA
Authors: Wickwire Harriet , Calale Adele
Published: January 2010

The 1933 experiment in hybridizing Tropaea luna with Actias selene closed in the following manner:

Cocoons of Actias selene, formed in August, hatched in September, and the moths mated. A second brood of larvae was reared on rose leaves (purchased wholesale after the winter set in) but, owing to the difficulty of keeping this food supply fresh, the disease called Flatchery claimed all of the brood except one larva. The single cocoon, spun in December, gave us a female the following June, but this moth refused to mate with males of Tropaea luna.
A SHORT REVIEW OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OE PSEUDISTER (COLEOPTERA, HISTERIDAE)
Authors: Hinton Howard E.
Published: January 2010

While determining a collection of interesting Histeridae taken by the writer and others in Mexico during the past few years, three species were found to belong to the genus Pseudister Bickhardt. As two of these were undescribed, and as one species described from New York and one from Paraguay have been masquerading for many years under a different genus, the following short review is necessary to straighten out the existing confusion. Through the kindness of Dr. K. G. Blair and Dr H. Scott of the British Museum, types of all the species considered in this paper have been examined by the writer.
AN APPARENTLY NEW PHERNE FROM CALIFORNIA (LEPID., GEOMET.)
Authors: McDunnough J.
Published: January 2010

Among the material sent for identification by Mr. J. L. Sperry was a small series of what appears to be a new species of Pherne; at any rate the specimens do not agree with any of the three species at present listed under this generic name and figured in the Barnes and McDunnough “Contributions” III, Pl. XV, figs 7, 8. 14. As is usual the antennae are bipectinate in both sexes, the pectinations in the female being distinct but much shorter than in the male; the palpi are distinctly shorter than in subpunctata Hlst.; the apical portion of the outer margin of primaries is less excavated and the angle at vein 5 less sharp than in the other members of the genus.
THE GENUS CIDAPHUS IN CANADA (HYMEN.; ICHNEUMONIDAE)
Authors: Walley G. Stuart
Published: January 2010

In 1924 (Proc. U. S. N, M. Vo1. 64, Art. 20, pp. 4-6) Cushman reviewed the North American species of Cidaphus pointing out diagnostic characters for the separation of C. paniscoides from two species which he described as new under the names C. occidentalis and C. australis. At that time the only Canadian record for a member of the genus was that of the female type specimen of occidetalis from Revelstroke, B. C. The distribution given for paniscoides, N. H., N. Y., Pa. and Md. indicated that this species also probably would be found to occur in Canada.
LIFE HISTORY NOTES ON EPHORON, POTAMANTHUS, LEPTOPHLEBIA AND BLASTURUS WITH DESCRIPTIONS (EPHEMEROPTERA)
Authors: Ide F. P.
Published: January 2010

In June 1932 a very immature nymph of Ephoron leukon Will was found in the Credit R. near Erindale, Ontario. In 1934 full grown nymphs of this same species were found in great numbers in the same locality after their hiding place was once located. They are burrowing nymphs which inhabit a tubular burrow associated with stones in the rapids. Loose stones. when turned over revealed no nymphs and lackcd the marks of the tubes on them. Stones, however, which were partly imbedded in fine grey silt (originating from the breakdown of shales in the vicinity) when turned over- revealed nymphs clinging on the sides and bottom in the remnants of the tubes. Curiously enough the time of day at which col1ecting was done was important.
AMERICAN SPECIES OF LUDIUS; THE AERIPENNIS GROUP
Authors: Brown W. J.
Published: January 2010

In the preparation of the following notes, I have become indebted to Professor E. H. Strickland and Mr. C. A. Frost for the loan of specimens and to Mr. P. J. Darlington Jr., and the Museum of Comparative Zoology for the loan of much material and for permission to study the aedeagus of the type specimen of carbo Lec. Mr. K. G. Blair, by comparisons with types, has nlade it possible for me to identify semimetallicus Walk. and aeripennis Kby.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE HABITS OF AN INTRODUCED PINE SAWFLY DIPRION SIMILE HTG
Authors: Monro H. A. U.
Published: January 2010

On August 22, 1933, while the members of the Montreal staff were inspecting a nursery in Montreal, P. Q., a small number of sawfly larvae was observed feeding on the mugho pine trees. These were submitted to Ottawa and were identified as the larvae of Diprion simile Htg. This was the second record of the appearance of this species in Canada; the first being a record from Oakville, Ont., in 1931. This insect had previously been studied in the Northeastern United States by Britton and Zappe (1917) and Middleton (1923).
NEW CANADIAN EUCOSMIDS WITH NOTES (LEPIDOPTERA)
Authors: McDunnough J.
Published: January 2010

Walsingham described the species from 1 male, 2 females, from Shasta Co., Calif. Heinrich, in his revision, confines the distribution to the eastern section of the continent and in his key to the species (p. 132) characterizes it as having “basal patch heavily shaded with black, the blackish scaling extending diagonally to middle of costa.” Neither the original description nor the figure bears out this characterization; the figure, while somewhat crude, notable in the too great prominence given the outer patches as compared with the basal one, certainly shows no connecting band between the basal patch and the midcostal one; further the description distinctly calls for a dark spot at end of cell, in fact the name is based on this feature.
THE EFFECT OF PHOTOPERIODISM ON RESTING, TREEHOLE, MOSQUITO LARVAE
Authors: Baker F. C.
Published: January 2010

During the past few years several workers in culicid biology have made studies of the rest period that accompanies the hibernation of certain temperate and subtropical treehole mosquitoes. Incidental to these studies several attempts have been made to bring on prematurely the phase of active development by artificial agents. Roubaud (2, p. 1126) has shown that young, first stage, Aedes geniculatus larvae can be Induced to hatch from the egg and to begin active development by means of certain enzymatic ferments. As far as the writer knows, no one has yet reported any successful attempts to activate resting larvae in the more advanced stages.
THREE RARE CANADIAN HEMIPTERA
Authors: Walley G. Stuart
Published: January 2010

Specimens of three species of Hemiptera have recently come to the attention of the writer. Since two of these represent new family records for the Canadian fauna and the third is a genus hitherto unreported from North America it seems advisable to place their occurrence on record. The specimens are deposited in the Canadian National Collection.
NOTES ON CANADIAN NOCTUIDS AND PYRAMIDS WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES (LEPIDOPTERA)
Authors: McDunnough J.
Published: January 2010

Under the present listing the genus includes the species anceps Steph. (confragosa Morr.) and contadina Sm.; however, on the strength of the similarity of male genitalia, I believe that loda Stkr. should be transferred here from the genus Eumichtis Hbn. The two last-named species form a group in which the male antennae are serrate and fasciculate in distinction to the pectinate antennae of the genotype, anceps. Contadina was described from a specimen from Victoria, B. C., and is easily separated from loda by the whitish thorax and strong white suffusion in basal and terminal areas of forewing, loda being a rather unicolorous dark blackish, ercept for the whitish crosslines and spots; it also occurs on Vancouver Island and in the interior of British Columbia.
AN OCCURRENCE OF TRICHOCERA GARRETTI ALEX. AND A LARVAL PREDATOR (DIPTERA TRICHOCERIDAE AND COLEOPTERA, STAPHYLINIDAE.)
Authors: Leech Hugh B.
Published: January 2010

During the winter of 1931-32, iny attention was drawn to the swarms of long-legged flies in a root-house attached to the barn on my father's farm at Salmon Arm, B.C. The root-house is built above ground, with sawdust insulation between the double walls, and has three ventilation shafts through the ceiling, and one at ground level; the floor is of earth, on which planks are put down as required. At the timle in question it contained a bin each of mangels and potatoes, about 200 boxes of unpacked apples, and sundry cabbages and carrots.
WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS ORTHOPTERA, PART I, PRELIMINARY LIST OF THE ACRIDIDAE
Authors: Gurney Ashley B.
Published: January 2010

Professor Morse's well-known “Manual” treats of the orthopterous fauna of Massachusetts in general, but of the eastern maritime area in particular. The region extending from the Worcester Plateau to the New York State Line includes a variety of environment which apparently have not been examined from the standpoint of Orthoptera nearly as thoroughly as the eastern half of the state. The present list of Acrididae is the result of collections made by the writer chiefly at Cummington and about Amherst, during the past three years. Like our native ferns,grasshoppers arc usual1y found amid surroundings suited to the ecological complex of the particular species concerned. Mention of some differences shown by the Life Zones of western Massachusetts may be helpful in understanding the distributional factors of local Acrididae.
NOTES ON THE SEXUAL CHARACTERS OF SAPRINUS (HISTERIDAE, COLEOP.) WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES
Authors: Wenzel Rupert L.
Published: January 2010

In the course of an investigation of the secondary sexual characters of Saprinus assimilis Payk, the writer found five specimens of an hitherto undescribed species of Saprinus. At the request of Mr. Henry Dybas, who submitted the material for determination and study, the description of the species is included with the following notes.
APHID NOTES
Authors: Knowlton George F.
Published: January 2010

Aphids of many kinds persist in causing injury to range plants as well as to shade, forest, ornamental and crop plants. The following report deals largely with aphids taken in Utah and nearby states. The writer is indebted to Dr. A.A. Granovsky of the University of Minnesota for identifying a number of the species belonging to the tribe Callipterini.
DESCRIPTION OF THREE NEW CANADIAN PERLIDS
Authors: Ricker William E.
Published: January 2010

While at the University of Toronto in the spring of 1934, the author had the privilege of examining the Plecoptera of the collection of the Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology. It soon became apparent that a number of undescribed species were represented therein, and the present paper describes three of the most interesting of them. It is the interest and assistance of Dr. E. M. Walker and Dr. F. P. Ide that has made possible the descriptions appearing in this and in subsequent papers.
THREE SPECIES OF BEETLES FROM LABRADOR
Authors: Frost C. A.
Published: January 2010

In a box of Coleoptera sent me by Mr. C. P. Alexander of the Massachusetts State College for determination I found the following interesting records:

Pachyta liturata Kby. One specimen bearing the label, “Northwest River, Lab. VIII-15-1929. Coll. F. C. Sears.”

Anoplodera hirtella Lec. One specimen with the label, “Northwest River, Lab. Summer of 1933. F. C. Sears Coll.” This may be a synonym of tibialis Lec.
NOTES ON TWO NOVA SCOTIA BUTTERFLIES
Authors: McDunnough J.
Published: January 2010

Phyciodes tharos var. arctica Dos Passos. This recently described Newfoundland race (1935, Can. Ent. LXVII, 87) was differentiated from the typical form largly on the strength of the more orange coloration of the underside, especially of the hindwings, the author stating it to be “zinc orange” as compared with the “naples yellow” of tharos proper.
AMERICAN SPECIES OF LUDIUS; THE CRIBROSUS AND VOLITANS GROUPS
Authors: Brown W. J.
Published: January 2010

This group includes four black species which have the size moderate or large, the antennae strongly serrate, and the apical antennal segment constricted. All of the species are well characterized and can be recognized without much difficulty. The three western species, cribrosus, maurus, and colossus were confused together by Van Dyke in his recent synopsis (1932, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 4th ser., XX, 408). Dr. Fall (1934, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc. XLII, 32) has given reasons for rejecting Van Dylie's arrangement, and I am in full accord with his conclusions.