bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital Hazards for Feeding and Eating - meta-analysis and discussion of putative mechanisms
Authors: Ioannidis K.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Eating disorders are widespread illnesses with significant impact. There is growing concern about how those at risk of eating disorders overuse online resources to their detriment.

Objectives

We present systematically gathered and pooled quantitative evidence from our review and meta-analysis study which aimed to provide a quantitative synthesis of all available data linking problematic usage of the internet (PIU) and eating disorder and related psychopathology. We synthesize how PUI influences eating disorder and related psychopathology, and examine what the moderating parameters influencing this relationship are.

Methods

Our systematic review and meta-analysis protocol was pre-registered electronically in PROSPERO international register and included case-control studies using correlational statistics of association between internet use (various facets) and eating disorder psychopathology. Experimental and prospective studies are systematically reviewed separately.

Results

The meta-analysis comprised n=32,295 participants, in which PUI was correlated with significant eating disorder general psychopathology Pearson r=0.22 (s.e.=0.04, p<0.001), body dissatisfaction r=0.16 (s.e.=0.02, p<0.001), drive-for-thinness r=0.16 (s.e.=0.04, p<0.001) and dietary restraint r = 0.18 (s.e.=0.03). Effects were not moderated by gender, PUI facet or study quality. Results are in support of PUI impacting on eating disorder symptoms; males may be equally vulnerable to these potential effects. Prospective and experimental studies in the field suggest that small but significant effects exist and may have accumulative influence over time and across all age groups.

Conclusions

Those findings are important to expand our understanding of PUI as a multifaceted concept and its impact on multiple levels of ascertainment of eating disorder and related psychopathology. Putative specific effects of PUI on EDs are discussed.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Eating disorders in the structure of depressive states
Authors: Barkhatova A. , Smolnikova A. , Sorokin S.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Anorexia nervosa is a disease that occurs mainly in adolescent and young girls and is expressed in a conscious, extremely persistent and purposeful desire to lose weight, often reaching severe cachexia with a possible fatal outcome.

Objectives

Clinical and psychopathological analysis of eating disorders and modeling of clinical and dynamic patterns in terms of their association with depressive disorders, improving the criteria for nosological diagnosis, prognosis and therapy.

Methods

58 patients aged 15 to 25 years who were on outpatient and inpatient observation of the clinic were studied.

Results

It was found that eating disorders are divided into 2 types. The first type is an overvalued eating disorder. In this category, the depressive state developed either during the course of the eating disorder or preceded its development. The second type is delusional eating disorder. In this type, the development of the depressive state did not depend on the eating disorder and proceeded independently of it. At each of these levels, three types of dynamics were identified: narrative type of dynamics (44%), implicit type (25%) and type of selective dissociation (22.4%).

Conclusions

Eating disorders in the structure of depression are heterogeneous and have different degrees of association with depressive symptoms and different variants of the dynamics of their course. The revealed patterns make it possible to formulate a clearer idea of the prognosis of the disease as a whole and to optimize the algorithms for the therapeutic intervention of these conditions.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Art therapy in eating disorders. A systematic review of literature
Authors: Trably F. , Gorwood P. , Di Lodovico L.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Art-therapy (encompassing plastic arts, music, theather and writing) is a promising and acceptable management strategy of eating disorders (ED). It has the potential to improve well-being and therapeutic alliance, targeting psychological dimensions of ED, and dealing with difficulties of expression and rationalization of patients. Nevertheless, the efficacy of this approach is difficult to evaluate because of the lack of studies in this area.

Objectives

We sought to provide an overview on the efficacy of art therapy in the management of ED, by a systematic review of all controlled trials using art therapy on patients with ED.

Methods

This systematic review included all controlled trials using
art-therapy on a population of adolescent and adult patients with ED. The effect of art therapy on clinical indicators such as anthropometric variables, symptoms and dimensions of ED was evaluated.

Results

Of the 1286 screened records, only four respected inclusion criteria. These four trials evaluated plastic art therapy, music therapy, writing therapy, and dance-movement therapy. A large number of bias and strong heterogeneity of inclusion criteria, techniques and variables prevented any attempt of quantitative synthesis. Music therapy appeared to have a significant effect on post-prandial anxiety, while dance-movement therapy showed an effect on body dissatisfaction.

Conclusions

The generalizability of the results found is weakened by the high heterogeneity of trials. Replication studies and a rigorous methodologies are necessary for more reliable conclusions. Art therapy could help improving some specific dimensions of ED.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
A disorder in executive functions crosses traditional diagnostic borders of the schizophrenia-bipolar spectrum
Authors: Szendi Md Habil I. , Pajkossy P. , Bagi A. , Marián M. , Szőllősi Á. , Racsmány M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Our series of studies in the spectrum of psychosis (schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, schizoaffective disorder) is based on the concept of the RDoC system.

Objectives

In this study, we were interested in knowing whether cross-diagnostic disturbances in cognitive functions can be found in the spectrum and whether they predict clinical symptoms.

Methods

In the study, N = 66 schizophrenic (M = 38.2 ± 9.37 years, 26 women), N = 30 bipolar (M = 47.4 ± 9.35 years, 19 women), N = 33 schizoaffective (M = 39.8 years± 11.3 years, 21 women) and N = 28 healthy subjects (M = 36.5 ± 9.9 years, 14 women) participated. All subjects underwent the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Raven Test, Digit Span Test, Visual Patterns Test, Letter and Semantic Fluency tests, Metaphor and Irony Comprehension, Directed Forgetting, Stop Signal Test, and Lexical Decision Task. In addition, symptom rating scales were administered (PANSS, SANS, YMRS, MADRS).

Results

Based on our results, the performance of the WCST-deficient group lagged behind the WCST-non-deficient group and the healthy control group in most executive control tests. Importantly, this effect was independent of diagnosis, so it appeared in all three patient groups. Members of the deficit group had a higher rate of negative symptoms.

Conclusions

Disruption of executive functions is a transdiagnostic feature of the schizophrenia-bipolar spectrum, which could be associated with any diagnosis.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Long-term brain changes in bipolar disorder
Authors: Landén M. , Liberg B. , Abé C.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The term “neuroprogression” imply that bipolar disorder (BD) progressively worsens for some patients and accompanying neuroanatomical changes. BD has indeed been associated with cortical and subcortical brain abnormalities. But cross-sectional studies cannot determine whether the observed brain alterations reflect static premorbid traits or whether they result from progressive changes during the course of illness.

Objectives

The aims of this series of studies were to determine if progressive brain changes occur in bipolar disorder, and if so, what the drivers of these changes are.

Methods

We addressed these questions in the St. Göran cohort – a longitudinal study where patients and controls undergo structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans at baseline and after 7 years. We have also conducted a longitudinal multicenter study within the ENIGMA consortium including 307 patients and 925 healthy controls scanned at two time points.

Results

We addressed these questions in the St. Göran cohort – a longitudinal study where patients and controls undergo structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans at baseline and after 7 years. We have also conducted a longitudinal multicenter study within the ENIGMA consortium including 307 patients and 925 healthy controls scanned at two time points.

Conclusions

BD is associated with some (accelerated ventricular enlargement) but not global progressive brain changes (change in cortical structures do not differ from controls). Occurrence of manic episodes is, however, associated with accelerated cortical thinning over time. These results highlight the importance of preventing the potentially toxic effects of manic episodes and might explain why some patients experience worsening cognitive function.

Disclosure

ML has received lecture honoraria (unrelated to this topic) from Lundbeck pharmaceuticals.
The potential protein marker of bipolar disorder
Authors: Seregin A. , Dmitrieva E. , Simutkin G. , Ivanova S.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Difficulties in the diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BD) are associated with a lack of understanding of the mechanisms of its pathogenesis. Identification of proteins involved in the pathogenesis of BD will bring us closer to an understanding of its mechanisms and can help in diagnosis.

Objectives

The search of proteomic biomarkers of bipolar disorder.

Methods

We performed a proteomic analysis of the serum of 16 healthy people and 33 patients with BD. Patients were hospitalized in an acute state of the depressive phase, and they did not receive therapy for more than 6 months. Blood was collected before the start of therapy. Serum was purified from major proteins by affinity chromatographyandseparatedby1D-electrophoresis. After trypsinolysis, the proteins were identified by HPLC/mass spectrometry. The ELISA kit was used to determine the amount of zNMDAR1.

Results

We identified a protein that does not occur in healthy people: a subunit of the glutamate NMDA receptor zeta-1 (zNMDAR1). As a result, we found a statistically significant (p = 0.037) almost fivefold increase in the concentration of this protein in the serum of patients with bipolar disorder (0.64 [0.18; 0.78] ng/ml) compared with healthy individuals.

Conclusions

Thus, in bipolar disorder NMDAR is damaged, which can lead appearance of their subunits in the serum, and which indicated a violation of glutamatergic neurotransmission. Then this protein claims the role of markers of bipolar disorder. Mass spectrometric analysis was carried out of the “Human Proteome” Core Facility of the Institute of Biomedical Chemistry Moscow. RSW project, state registration number AAAA-A19-119020690013-2.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Digital Mental Health: Towards Personalised Care in Psychiatry
Authors: Myin-Germeys I.
Published: September 2022

Within psychiatry, there is a need for more personalized and person-centered care. Whereas the focus has largely been on the search for biomarkers to advance the field, I will focus on the use of digital technology to further personalized care in psychiatry. I will discuss how using a structured diary applet could help in developing a much more fine-grained understanding of how psychopathology emerges in the realm of ordinary life, often in interaction with contextual factors. This digital mobile health tool makes patients active partners in the clinical process as they will have to actively collect their own data. This will not only increase empowerment and self-management, it also will allow to provide more detailed evaluations of both medical and psychological interventions, it will point towards individualized treatment goals as well as provide a tool for shared decision making. In addition, I will discuss the possibility of digital mobile health tools for blended care, where standard clinical therapeutic interventions are extended outside the therapy room into the daily life of people. I will give some examples of such Ecological Momentary Interventions, where digital tools are used to offer psychological intervention in daily life, with a specific focus on young people.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Cognitive function in bipolar disorder
Authors: Sparding T.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

In bipolar disorder, cognitive deficits persist across mood episodes and euthymia. Despite recent advances, cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder remains poorly understood. The presentation will focus on recent work where different approaches are used to clarify the role of cognitive deficits in bipolar disorder.

Objectives

First, we have examined the clinical relevance of cognitive impairments and examined if cognitive abilities differ between bipolar disorder subtypes and healthy controls. Second, we examined if cognitive abilities differ between individuals with bipolar disorder with and without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Third, we examined the relationship between cognitive functioning and occupational functioning. Lastly, we examined if long-term changes in cognitive functioning in bipolar disorder patients differ from normal aging.

Methods

The St. Göran Bipolar Project is an interdisciplinary, prospective, naturalistic study of bipolar disorder. Patients were recruited and followed-up at two specialized out-patient clinics in Stockholm and Gothenburg, Sweden.

Results

We showed that there is evidence for significant cognitive heterogeneity in bipolar disorder. Comorbid ADHD could not explain this heterogeneity. Moreover, we showed that excutive functioning is a powerful predictor of occupational functioning. The cognitive trajectory over a 6-year period did not differ between bipolar disorder patients and healthy controls.

Conclusions

There is no conclusive cognitive profile characterizing bipolar disorder. However, cognitive functioning is of great importance in understanding occupational functioning in bipolar disorder. Contrary to the assumption that cognitive impairments may be progressive we show that changes in cognitive functioning over time do not differ between patients and healthy controls.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Binge Eating Disorder in Patients with Bipolar Disorder and Relationship with Clinical Features
Authors: Karabiyik B. , Sahmelikoglu Onur O. , Karamustafalioglu N.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Current studies indicate a strong relationship between Eating Disorders and obesity, while studies on Bipolar Disorder (BPD) show that patients with BPD form an important risk group in terms of obesity.

Objectives

The aim of this study is to investigate the frequency of Binge Eating Disorder (BED) in patients diagnosed with euthymic Bipolar Disorder 1 (BPD 1), and the relationship between their clinical features

Methods

This study included 150 patients between 18-65 years of age, diagnosed with euthymic BPD 1 according to DSM 5 criteria. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders, Structured Sociodemographic Form, Young Mania Scale, Beck Depression Scale, Eating Disorders Assessment Scale (EDAS) , Eating Attitude Test (EAT) were applied to participants.

Results

A diagnosis of BED was detected in 19.3% of the patients. Body weight, highest weight and BMI values were significantly higher in those who were diagnosed with BED compared to those who were not diagnosed with BED. Most of the diagnosed with BED are women; gender was found to be determinant for BED. The total and subscale scores of EAT and EDAS of those with a diagnosis of BED were statistically significantly higher than those who did not. The rate of attacks with psychotic symptoms, rapid cycling and presence of suicide attempt were significantly higher in those with a diagnosis of BED compared to those who did not.

Conclusions

BED may be frequent in BPD 1 patients. Noticing BED in BPD1 patients might help both the more effective treatment of BPD and the prevention of obesity.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Impact of childhood trauma on impulsivity in patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Bougacha D. , Ellouze S. , Jenhani R. , Ghachem R.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Childhood trauma has been demonstrated to be associated with several indicators of worse course in bipolar disorder (BD). Links between early adversity and the complexity of the disorder might be mediated by various dimensions of psychopathology, such as impulsivity.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of traumatic childhood experiences on impulsivity in individuals with bipolar disorder.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study. Sixty-one euthymic patients with bipolar disorder were recruited in the department of psychiatry B of Razi Hospital, during their follow-up. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11) were used to assess childhood traumatic experiences and impulsivity.

Results

The mean age of patients was 43.4. The sex ratio was 2.4. The mean score obtained on the Bis-11 scale was 74.8. More than half of patients (53%) had high levels of impulsivity. Almost two-thirds of patients (64%) had experienced at least one type of childhood trauma. Higher scores on the various dimensions of childhood trauma apart from physical neglect, were significantly associated with higher total BIS-11 score as well as with all its subscales. Linear regression with the CTQ total score as the independent variable showed a statistically significant effect of childhood trauma score on attentional impulsivity.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that interventions that target impulsive behavior in individuals with bipolar disorder should pay particular attention to traumatic childhood experiences. Furthermore, early identification and management of childhood trauma may reduce levels of impulsivity and thus improve the outcome and prognosis of bipolar disorder.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Comparison of two questionnaire for subjective symptoms of dry eye in patinents with schizophrenia
Authors: Bakija I. , Filipcic I. , Bogadi M. , Kaštelan S.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Psychiatric disorders may be one of considerable contributing factors for dry eye symptoms and the severity of subjective symptoms of dry eye are often related to psychological factors.

Objectives

The aim of this research was to determine which of two chosen questionnaires for subjective symptoms of dry eye (Ocular Surface Disease Index and Schein questionnaire) is more reliable in the assessment of dry eye in patients with schizophrenia.

Methods

Our research included 80 patients of both sexes with schizophrenia ranging between the age of 25 and 55 who have been taking antipsychotics (clozapin, olanzapin, quetiapin) for five years and were in remission. All participants were required to satisfy all included and excluded criteria. They all filled out the Schein and OSDI questionnaires for assessment of subjective symptoms. Tear break-up time test (TBUT) for objective evaluation of tear film stability was also performed. In order to determine the correlation between two subjective and objective tests we calculated Spearmans correlation coefficients.

Results

A analysis shows that there are no statistically significant differences between the correlations. Both subjective questionnaires are statistically significantly and negatively related to the TBUT test, showing that an increase in the results on the OSDI and Schein’s questionnaires led to the decreases in the results on the TBUT test.

Conclusions

In patients with schizophrenia the OSDI and Schein questionnaires are equally reliable in the assessment of subjective symptoms of Dry eye disease. Considering that, OSDI is more common in clinical practice, it is recommended for use in patients with schizophrenia.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Psychotic symptoms in Cushing’s syndrome secondary to ACTH-secreting lung carcinoid tumor: report of a case
Authors: Llimona González A. , Oller Canet S. , Mayans J.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Cushing’s syndrome is a hormonal disorder caused by chronic exposure to excess glucocorticoids, either exogenous or endogenous. The bronchial carcinoid tumor is an extremely rare origin, described in less than 1% of cases. The most frequent psychiatric symptoms are depression and anxiety, with manic and psychotic symptoms being less frequent. Psychotic symptoms are difficult to manage, as they are usually resistant to antipsychotic treatment, which is why it is considered an indication for medical treatment of Cushing’s syndrome.

Objectives

To give visibility to this type of psychotic disorders of organic origin to deepen their study as well as raise awareness among professionals dedicated to clinical care with the intention of improving their prevention.

Methods

A description of a clinical case is made, accompanied by a bibliographic review on psychosis of endogenous corticosteroid origin.

Results

We describe the case of a 44-year-old woman who was admitted to the charge of Internal Medicine due to Cushing’s syndrome. During her admission, she presented a debut of positive psychotic symptoms, so the liaison psychiatry team followed her up. She was diagnosed with an ACTH-secreting lung carcinoid tumor.

Conclusions

This entity should be taken into account in cases of atypical psychosis in patients with compatible phenotypic characteristics.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
What ePROs are telling us about patients with substance use disorder
Authors: Krasteva S. , Apostolov Z. , Kozhuharov H.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Despite the high prevalence of substance use disorders, the majority of affected individuals do not seek any medical help or receive treatment targetting mainly symptoms of intoxication, withdrawal or general medical conditions due to chronic use of psychoactive substances. Patients with substance use disorders are more likely to remain undiagnosed regarding other psychiatric illnesses. Electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePRO) provide an easy-to-use instrument for detailed assessment at low economic cost.

Objectives

To assess patients’ attitude towards self-reporting of symptoms related to substance use, mood, anxiety, quality of sleep, medication intake, social performance, and psychotic symptoms.

Methods

Mobile application consisting of seven questionnaires (Mood, Anxiety, Substance Use, Sleep, Medication, Social Activity and Various symptoms) was offered for use to patients with substance use disorder. Enrolled subjects were encouraged to use the app to report their actual condition in accordance with their own willingness and lifestyle.

Results

Throughout the study a total of 1077 completed questionnaires were submitted, of which 193 (17.9%) were on mood, 188 (17.5%) - on substance use, 187 (17.4%) – on sleep, 155 (14.4%) – on anxiety, 139 (12.9%) – on medication intake, 111 (10.3%) – on psychotic symptoms, and 104 (9.7%) – on social performance.

Conclusions

Our research revealed that patients with substance use disorder are likely to share concerns regarding variety of psychiatric symptoms besides these attributed to their primary diagnosis. Implementation of ePROs can be a valuable tool for in-depth assessment and subsequent meeting the needs of such patients.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Whis is the opinion of Italian psychiatrists regarding Telepsychiatry?
Authors: Orsolini L. , Volpe U.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Italy was the first European country to face up with COVID-19 pandemic, which posed challenges to National Health System (NHS), including the need to adapt mental health services/infrastructures and implement digitalization.

Objectives

Despite telepsychiatry (ie., delivery of psychiatric care remotely through IT), is extensively used in non-European countries, only during the COVID-19 pandemic, became a convincing alternative to face-to-face modality for many psychiatrists in their clinical practice. Our aim was investigating Italian psychiatrists’ opinion about telepsychiatry.

Methods

A questionnaire, disseminated during the third Italian phase, constituted by three sections (socio-demographic, opinions and personal experience about/with telepsychiatry) was build by adapting the 42-item questionnaire by Schubert (2019) and CAMH’s Client Experience Survey from the psychiatrist’s perspective.

Results

90 questionnaires were collected from a sample of 54 women (60%) with an average age of 43(SD=11.4). Mostly were psychiatrists (85.6%) working in NHS (66.7%) with an average working years of 13.7(SD=11.5) and a previous experience in telepsychiatry (71.1%). Overall, participants do not believe that telepsychiatry is comparable with face-to-face modality. A significant positive opinion was reported among younger psychiatrists compared to those more experienced, regarding efficacy, feasibility and mental health access (p<0.05). No significant differences were reported in psychiatrists’ opinion, according to the level of telepsychiatry use in their clinical practice.

Conclusions

Overall, sufficient digital skills and knowledge of technological tools are evident among younger psychiatrists who also appeared to be more prone to implement telepsychiatry in their clinical practice.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Assessment of functionality and scientific evidence of mobile health applications (mHealth apps) for people with dementia and their caregivers
Authors: Zeiler M. , Chmelirsch C. , Kolominsky-Rabas P.L.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

There is a rapid increase in the use of mHealth apps to provide care and support to people with deminetia (pwd) and their caregivers.

Objectives

Functionality as well as scientific evidence of mHealth apps were analysed from a Health Technology Assessment (HTA) perspective

Methods

mHealth apps for pwd and their caregivers were identified in the app stores and assessed for functionality and methodological quality of the underlaying scientific evidence. Functionality was assessed with the Mobile App Rating Scale-German (MARS- G), methodological quality of studies using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) checklists.

Results

A total of 20 mHealth apps for were identified via systematic search in the Apple App Store and the Google Play Store. The overall quality of the apps can be rated medium with a mean score of 3.38. Studies have been published for only 30% of the apps (n = 6). 13 studies were included in the assessment of methodological quality, but the app itself was the object of study in only 2 publications. In summary methodological weaknesses such as small group sizes, a short study duration and insufficient comparative therapy were frequent.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate that the majority of apps is lacking reliable scientific evidence. To support pwd and caregivers as end users in their choice standardised HTA criteria has to be defined and applied for mHealth apps.

The Digital Dementia Registry Bavaria (digiDEM Bayern) is funded by the Bavarian Ministry of Health (No.: G42d-G8300-2017/1606-381).

PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42021260309.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Is frailty a predictor of mortality in late-life depression?
Authors: Arts M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Frailty is a clinical phenotype that predicts negative health outcomes including mortality. Similar to frailty, late-life depression is also associated with increased mortality rates.

Objectives

Our objective was to examine whether frailty and frailty related biomarkers predict mortality among depressed older patients.

Methods

Among 378 older patients (≥60 years) with a depressive disorder (DSM-IV criteria) we examined whether frailty predicts time-to-death during a six-year follow-up using Cox-regression analyses adjusted for confounders. Baseline data were collected between 2007 and September 2010. Frailty was defined according to Fried’s criteria (muscle weakness, slowness, exhaustion, low activity level, unintended weight loss). Similarly, we examined the predictive value of three inflammatory markers, vitamin D level, and leucocyte telomere length, and whether these effects were independent of the frailty phenotype.

Results

During follow-up, 26.2% frail depressed patients died compared to 12.7% non-frail depressed patients (p<.001). Adjusted for confounders, the number of frailty components was associated with an increased mortality rate (HR=1.38 [95%CI: 1.06–1.78], p=.015). All biomarkers were prospectively associated with mortality, but only higher levels of hsCRP and lower levels of vitamin D were independent of frailty associated with mortality.

Conclusions

Frailty identifies older patients at increased risk of adverse negative health outcomes in late-life depression. Therefore, among frail-depressed patients, treatment models that include frailty-specific interventions might reduce mortality rates.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Social phobia and other syndroms in late-onset psychosis
Authors: Pochueva V. , Savina M. , Sheshenin V.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Anxiety disorders are frequent comorbidity in patients with schizophrenia. Their frequency in late-onset psychosis is unknown.

Objectives

We aimed to study life-time anxiety disorders as well as other psychiatric pathology in patients with late-onset schizophrenia (LoS) and late-onset delusional disorder (LoDD).

Methods

42 patients with LoS (age 64,1±9,2, 12% males) and 15 patients with LoDD (n=15; age 69,9±10,9, 14% males ) underwent clinical assessment (PANSS, HDRS-17), cognitive examination (MMSE, MoCA), structured interviewing on life-time pathology. Control group included 24 subjects with no signs of depression or psychosis (age 58,1±10,8, 50% males). Kruscal-Wallis and χ2statistic was used.

Results

Patients with LoS and LoDD had higher frequency of social phobia (50% and 30% compared to 16,7 in control group, χ2 (2)= 6,834, p= 0,033) and more animal phobias (KW χ2 (2)=15,536, p<0,001). The number of habitual anxiety reaction was increased in LoS but not LoDD patients compared to controls (KW χ2 (2)=7,275, p= 0,026) with more severe motor (KW χ2 (2)=8,516, p= 0,014), vegetative (KW χ2 (2)=8,633, p= 0,013 and ideatory symptoms (KW χ2 (2)=6,969, p= 0,031) of anxiety. There was no group difference in life-time frequency of depression. Patients and controls had similar rate of complicated grief, but controls had often no reaction in response to loss and LoS patients responded to loss with manifestation of psychosis (χ2 (6)= 14,473, p= 0,025).

Conclusions

Social phobia and other anxiety disorders are frequent in late-onset psychosis. Symptoms of generalized anxiety are more specific to LoS than to LoDD.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
‘MALADAPTIVE DAYDREAMING’: An introduction to a new condition
Authors: Thorburn C.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Daydreaming is a normal, very common experience in childhood and adulthood. However, a new phenomenon – termed ‘Maladaptive Daydreaming (MD)’ – which takes daydreaming to an extreme form, is currently being investigated. Maladaptive Daydreaming is not listed as an official disorder in the ICD-10 or DSM-5 presently.

Objectives

To review current literature on MD and explore whether MD could be acknowledged and classified as a real psychiatric disorder.

Methods

Data gathered via academic papers found through reliable sites, such as, Ovid, PubMed and Cochrane; through articles, videos and online forums to gather patients’ perspectives.

Results

There is enough information and literature available to create specific criteria to qualify a diagnosis of MD in patients. Possible aetiologies of Maladaptive Daydreaming have been identified. There has also been exploration into treatment options.

Conclusions

There is sufficient evidence for Maladaptive Daydreaming to be classified as an official disorder. Being included in the ICD-10 and DSM-5 would motivate research, expand identification of this disorder in patients, and advance access to help and support for patients.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Examining the association between personality traits and university faculty: a web-survey among Italian students
Authors: Ciancio A. , Fusar-Poli L. , Gabbiadini A. , Saitta G. , Signorelli M.S. , Aguglia E.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The influence of personality on field of study choice is comparable to that of cognitive skills. Additionally, personality traits seem linked with academic motivation, and engagement. Choosing the most suitable career is also related to students’ personal well-being and work success.

Objectives

To explore how personality traits are associated with the choice of university courses among Italian students.

Methods

A web-survey was spread on social networks between March and June 2020 through Google Forms. Eligibility criteria for inclusion were: 1) Being a university student between 18 and 35 years of age; 2) Attending a course in an Italian university; 3) Good comprehension of Italian language. On-line informed consent, socio-demographic, and career data were collected during the survey. Personality traits were assessed using the Big Five Inventory
(BFI). We computed multinomial linear regressions to calculate potential associations between personality traits and university courses.

Results

Lower Conscientiousness, higher Neuroticism, and higher Openness to experience are associated with the attendance of Humanities compared with students of Health faculties. Higher Neuroticism traits are associated with the attendance of a scientific course compared with Health faculties. High Conscientiousness is significantly associated with the attendance of Law-related courses compared with Health courses. Non significant differences were detected in the other domains according to the big five personality model.

Conclusions

Our results suggest interesting associations between personality traits and educational choices. Future research may investigate this relationship in high-school students to implement appropriate strategies for better addressing students’ educational needs and career outcomes.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Deep learning approach to evaluate sex differences in response to neuromodulation in Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Seenivasan S. , Adamson M. , Phillips A.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Identifying the factors that mediate treatment response to rTMS in MDD patients can guide clinicians to administer more appropriate, reliable, and personalized interventions.

Objectives

The present study aimed to investigate sex differences in response to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) patients.

Methods

In this paper, we developed a novel pipeline based on convolutional LSTM-based deep learning (DL) to classify 25 female and 25 male subjects based on their rTMS treatment response.

Results

Five different classification models were generated, namely pre/post-rTMS female (model 1), pre/post-rTMS male (model 2), pre-rTMS female responder vs. pre-rTMS female non-responders (model 3), pre-rTMS male responder vs. pre-rTMS male non-responder (model 4), and pre-rTMS responder vs. non-responder of both sexes (model 5), achieving 93.3%, 98%, 95.2%, 99.2%, and 96.6% overall test accuracy, respectively.

Conclusions

These results indicate the potential of our approach to be used as a response predictor especially regarding sex-specific antidepressant effects of rTMS in MDD patients.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Comorbidities and treatment of somatoform disorders before switching to DSM-5 and ICD-11: what to consider
Authors: Marinescu R. , Fadgyas Stanculete M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Somatoform disorders, previously diagnosed according to DSM-IV-TR and ICD-10, are shifting towards somatic symptom disorder in DSM-V and bodily distress disorder in ICD-11.

Objectives

Before using the current criteria, because the new diagnostic entities can identify a larger pool of patients with various physical complaints and diagnoses, it is essential to consider the physical and psychiatric comorbidities that have an important role in deciding the pharmacological treatment.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective observational study on a group of 169 patients previously diagnosed with a type of somatoform disorder and hospitalized between January 2015 - January 2021 in a psychiatric emergency hospital in Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

Results

Male:female ratio was 1:1.41. The mean age was 52.35±13.3 years, the mean period of hospitalization was 12±5.39 days. 54% of patients lived in urban areas, and almost half of them were married. Most patients were not professionally active and did not receive a superior education. Most patients had one hospitalization and had at least one physical and one psychiatric comorbidity. The most frequent somatic comorbidities were: cardiovascular, metabolic, rheumatological, gastrointestinal, endocrinological, and neurological, and the most frequent psychiatric ones were: depressive, personality, anxiety, neurocognitive, and substance use disorders. The most frequent type of somatoform disorders were: undifferentiated somatoform disorder and somatization disorder. Regarding psychiatric treatment, antidepressants, antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, anticonvulsants, and hypnotics were used. No correlations were observed between the presence of depressive or anxiety disorders and somatic comorbidities.

Conclusions

ICD and DSM need to clarify diagnostic criteria and develop therapeutical guidelines for this type of patient.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Relationship between attitude towards vaccination against COVID-19 and psychological characteristics of personality
Authors: Boyko O. , Medvedeva T. , Enikolopov S. , Vorontsova O. , Kazmina O.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Vaccination is an effective way to control the infection. COVID-19 is a new disease, and so is the vaccine against it.

Objectives

The aim of the study was to investigate psychological characteristics associated with attitude towards vaccination.

Methods

An online survey was used (N=1336) (31.03.2020–9.02.2021). Respondents completed COPE, «Moral dilemmas» (30 Green’s Dilemmas, 10 of each type) and decided which strategy to stop the pandemic they found the effective (vaccination, herb immunity, innovative treatment or simply waiting until it fades away on its own). The study analyzed groups of those who see the benefits of vaccination and those who do not consider vaccination as a way to solve the problem of coronavirus.

Results

«Vaccination» attitude is more typical for men, for younger people and is also associated with assessment of COVID-19 as a dangerous disease (61% versus 21% for «vaccination» and «no vaccination» groups respectively), more diligent compliance with anti-epidemic rules (3,7 and 2,9 mean number of protection methods used), at the same time, the “vaccination” group responds about the less inconvenience associated with restrictions during the pandemic. This social attitude is associated with «need for creativity» and constructive coping: «planning», «concentration on emotions», the use of instrumental and emotional social support. There is a difference in personal moral choices (3,6 versus 2,9 for «vaccination» and «no vaccination» groups respectively), that demonstrated that positive attitude towards vaccination signifies an active personal position.

Conclusions

Positive attitude towards vaccination is associated with a proactive personal position and involvement in social interaction using interpersonal coping strategies.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Psychiatric care in Croatia during COVID-19 lockdown and earthquake: significant decrease in admissions to University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapce in Zagreb
Authors: Polšek D. , Botica A. , Sabo T. , Baković M. , Marinović V. , Arbanas G.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an enormous impact on both physical and mental health of people around the world.

Objectives

The aim of the study was to evaluate the number and characteristics of people seeking emergency psychiatric help during combined psychosocial stressful events in March 2020.

Methods

Data for 3927 patients seeking emergency psychiatric help were collected and analyzed for the months preceding, during and after lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic and concomitant earthquake that took place on 22nd March 2020 in Zagreb, and compared with the same months of 2019.

Results

A significant decrease in both the number of visits and admissions to the hospital was found for the month of lockdown. There was a significant decrease in the number of out-patients visits and day hospital admissions. Compared with other months, more women and younger patients sought help. There was a significant rise in the number of patients presenting with suicidal thoughts, as well as a larger percentage of involuntary admissions.

Conclusions

Overall less people sought psychiatric help in the face of an unpredictable acute threat, which was interpreted in the light of prioritizing fear of infection over mental health issues. Alternatively, it is possible that people threatened with immediate danger mobilize short- term compensatory psychological resources which help deal with or put off mental illness. This research was conducted as part of the project of the Croatian Science Foundation CORONA-04-2086 Life in the time of COVID-19-social implications on the security and well-being of vulnerable groups in the European context.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Prognostic Accuracy of DSM-5 Attenuated Psychotic Symptoms in Adolescents: Prospective Real-World 5-year Cohort Study
Authors: Iorio M. , Coci C. , Ballante E. , Fusar-Poli P. , Borgatti R. , Mensi M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

There is limited research in adolescent at risk for psychosis. The new criteria of Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome (APS) of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders- 5 (DSM-5) have not been validated.

Objectives

The aims of this study were to: 1) characterize adolescent’s profile with APS (DSM-5 APS) compared to adolescents with early onset psychosis (EOP) and with other psychiatric disorders (non-APS); 2) to estimate their long-term risk of transition to psychosis and prognostic accuracy of DSM-5
APS.

Methods

243 adolescents, aged 12-17, were included (October 2012-
July 2019) and dived in three sub-groups (110 DSM-5 APS, 31 EOP, 102 non-APS). All underwent a comprehensive assessment evaluating: sociodemographic characteristics, family and personal history of any DSM-5 psychiatric disorders, psychopathological assessment and level of functioning. An annual follow-up evaluation was carried out (up to 7 years) including a clinical interview to investigate DSM-5 criteria for transition to psychosis.

Results

DSM-5 APS adolescents had on average higher comorbid disorders (2.3) and intermediate psychopathological and functioning profile between non-APS/EOP. The cumulative risk of transition at 1,2,3, 4-5 years was 13%, 17%, 24.2%, 26.8% and 26.8% in DSM-5 APS group, 0%, 0%, 3.2%, 3.2% and 3.2% in the non-APS. The 5-year prognostic accuracy of the DSM-5 APS in adolescent was adequate (Area Under the Curve=0.77) with high sensitivity (91.3%) and suboptimal specificity (63.2%).

Conclusions

The DSM-5 APS diagnosis can be used to detect help-seeking adolescents at risk of psychosis and predict their long-term outcomes, leading the way to new preventive approaches.

Disclosure

The authors declare that they do not have a significant financial interest, consultancy or other relationship with products, manufacturer(s) of products or providers of services related to this abstrac.
Exploring DNA methylation within the CYP17A gene as a potential mediator between childhood adversity and stress-related phenotypes in schizophrenia
Authors: Alfimova M. , Kondratyev N. , Golov A. , Gabaeva M. , Plakunova V. , Golimbet V.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Stress caused by childhood adversity (CA) is known to contribute to schizophrenia risk and symptoms. Its effects might be mediated by epigenetic mechanisms, specifically DNA methylation (meDNA) within relevant genes, and predominantly influence the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC). CYP17A1 is a candidate, as it situates within a schizophrenia risk locus and is involved in glucocorticoid synthesis.

Objectives

To explore meDNA within CYP17A and its relations to hippocampus- and PFC-dependent schizophrenia symptoms: depression and deficits of declarative memory and executive functions.

Methods

We assessed meDNA at each CpG within a CYP17A fragment (chr10:104594471-104595887, hg19) in blood of 66 schizophrenia patients using the third-generation sequencing. Immediate memory, depression, cognitive shifting and cognitive inhibition (CI) were assessed with the RAVLT, PANSS, TMT-B and Stroop word-color test, respectively. ANCOVA and regression models adjusted for sex and age were applied to explore the relations between the phenotypes, local haplotype, meDNA and CA, defined as the presence of parental alcoholism or psychiatric illness.

Results

MeDNA at CpG-SNP rs3781286 correlated with CI (corrected p=0.01). However, there were no main or interaction effects of CA either on meDNA at this site or on CI. Both CI and meDNA associated with haplotype, but subsequent analysis showed that meDNA did not mediate the relation between haplotype and CI.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that CYP17A associates with PFC-dependent cognitive deficits in schizophrenia but did not support the hypothesis that CA plays a role in this association via meDNA or any other mechanism. Grant support: 21-15-00124/Russian Science Foundation https://rscf.ru/project/21-15-00124/.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
The investigation of implicit Theory of Mind in patients with schizophrenia – a whole brain fMRI study
Authors: Varga E. , Bugya T. , Hajnal A. , Tényi T. , Herold R.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Theory of Mind is the ability to attribute mental states to others. Investigations have distinguished implicit and explicit forms of ToM. It is known, that patients with schizoprenia have deficits in their explicit ToM, and they also show altered brain activations during examining explicit ToM.

Objectives

In this study our aim was to investigate the underlying neural substrates of implicit ToM in patients with schizophrenia with fMRI.

Methods

Seven healthy subjects and two patients with first episode schizophrenia were involved. We used: false belief condition and control condition. All movies consisted of a belief formation phase and an outcome phase. The belief formation phase started with an agent placing a ball on a table in front of an occluder. Then the ball rolled behind the occluder. The movies could continue in different ways leading to a true or false belief. At the end of each movie, the agent reentered the scene and the occluder was lowered. In the outcome phase the ball was either present or absent behind the occluder. The control conditions started with a ball rolled behind the occluder on a table ended up with two different ways as the ball was either present or absent behind the occluder. There was no agent in the control movies.

Results

We found that healthy subjects activated significantly stronger the left lingual gyrus as well as the right temporoparietal junction.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest deficits in implicit ToM in schizophrenia and our findings also might help to clarify the underlying neural substrates of implicit ToM.

Disclosure

This research project was supported by the KTIA-13-NAP-A-II/12 (2018–2022) and the Hungarian National Excellence Centrum Grant 2018–2019.