bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Physical Housing Characteristics, Housing Accessibility and Different Aspects of Health Among Community-Dwelling Older People: A Systematic Review
Authors: Heller Christina , Haak Maria , Schmidt Steven M. , Chiatti Carlos , Ekstam Lisa , Nilsson Maria H. , Slaug Björn
Published: May 2023

Objectives: To synthesize the evidence on the relationships between physical housing characteristics or housing accessibility and different aspects of health among community-dwelling people 60 years and older. Methods: A systematic review of recent evidence with a narrative synthesis was conducted. Results: We included 15 studies and found three themes covering physical housing characteristics or housing accessibility that are associated with aspects of health among community-dwelling older adults: (1) interventions by home modifications targeting housing features both at entrances and indoors; (2) non-interventions targeting indoor features; (3) non-interventions targeting entrance features, that is, the presence of an elevator or stairs at the entrance. The overall quality of evidence across studies was assessed as very low. Discussion: The findings highlight the need for studies with a stronger research design and higher methodological quality that address the physical housing environment in relation to health among older adults to strengthen the body of evidence.
Worker-Led Dissent in the Age of Austerity: Comparing the Conditions of Success
Authors: Bailey David J
Published: May 2023

The decline of the power of organised labour, which is a central feature of neoliberalism, was compounded during the ‘age of austerity’. Yet, the potentially disruptive agency of workers remains. This article presents a qualitative process-tracing exercise for over 150 prominent episodes of worker-led dissent in the period 2010–2019 in the UK, the results of which are also made available in a website accompanying the article: ‘ Contesting the UK’s neoliberal model of capitalism: worker-led dissent (2010–2019). The article identifies seven configurations of causal conditions that proved sufficient for workers to successfully pursue their stated aims during this period. While ‘standard’ national disputes led by mainstream trade unions were on the whole not sufficient to achieve success during this period, nevertheless a number of alternative combinations of conditions did prove to be sufficient, especially locally-focused campaigns, those undertaken by grassroots ‘indie’ unions and those in the transport sector.
Process parameter optimization of hot-wire TIG welding of 10 mm thick type 316LN stainless steel plates
Authors: Neelamegam Chandrasekhar , Meenakshisundaram Ragavendran , Muthukumaran Vasudevan
Published: May 2023

This study aims to reduce the number of weld passes and total heat input to 316LN stainless steel during hot-wire tungsten inert gas (HW-TIG) welding process by optimizing process parameters. Therefore, the response surface methodology (RSM) of design of experiments (DOE) approach has been adopted to optimize HW-TIG welding parameters and study the interaction between the parameters and responses. In order to minimize the total number of experimental runs, a design matrix was generated with 30 sets of process parameters. The bead-on plate welding experiments were carried out based on the above generated process parameters. Using the RSM, a quadratic model was developed based on a central composite design to establish the regression equations between input variables (welding current, wire feed current, welding speed, and wire feed rate) and responses (bead width, depth of penetration, and weld cross sectional area). The input process parameters and their responses were correlated with the regression model. Further, parameter values were optimized using the desirability approach and the optimized solutions were generated. Using the optimized process parameters, 316LN stainless steel weld joints were fabricated. Tensile testing and metallography samples were extracted from the fabricated weld joints. The results reveal that the optimization of process parameters by RSM based approach reduced the number of weld passes and improved the weld quality with lower heat input to 316LN stainless steel. In addition, the fabricated weld joint of 316LN stainless steel using the optimized process parameters exhibited better microstructure and strength properties.
Prediction of higher heating values based on imminent analysis by using regression analysis and artificial neural network for bioenergy resources
Authors: Singh Pawan Kumar , Chauhan Sansar Singh , Sharma Abhishek , Prakash Satya , Singh Yashvir
Published: May 2023

As biomass becomes increasingly important as an energy source, predicting its higher heating value using more efficient algorithms based on schedule information, such as imminent analysis, enables timely decisions on bioenergy usage. A random search optimiser is used to describe higher heating values of raw biomass using regression analysis methodologies based on experimentally discovered properties. A unique artificial smart model based on an intriguing approach was developed as well as an artificial neural network with a random search optimiser for determining the higher heating value of raw biomass. The current study and findings include the importance of each physicochemical parameter on raw biomass higher heating value predictions using this unique prototype. According to the new model used in this scenario, the estimated coefficients of determination and correlation coefficients resulting from the data analysis are 0.7554 and 0.9999, respectively, when the new model is applied to the analysis of the data. The importance of employing learning machines may be seen in the appraisal of energy resources for energy systems to develop a bioenergy-specific algorithm. The unanimity between the recorded data and the regression archetype or artificial neural network on which it was built showed a high degree of efficiency. There was a strong correlation between the random search/artificial neural network-based method and the random search/regression-based method regarding how well the model fit observed data, indicating that the second method exhibited the best results.
Carotid Ultrasound Abnormalities of People Living With HIV in Kunming, China: Multiple Correspondence Analysis Approach to Identify Influencing Factors
Authors: Pan Shuishui , Fu Haiyan , Ai Zhiqiong , Li Chongxi , Bai Jinsong
Published: May 2023

Background

With the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART), the life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLWH) is gradually increasing, but subclinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is becoming increasingly common in PLWH.

Methods

We obtained data from 326 PLWH. Based on the results of carotid ultrasonography, we divided patients into normal and abnormal carotid ultrasound groups and performed the χ2 test and multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) to determine the influencing factors of abnormal carotid ultrasound.

Results

Among the 326 PLWH, the overall abnormality rate of carotid ultrasound was 31.9% (104/326). MCA showed that carotid ultrasound abnormalities were markedly more common in patients with age (non-youth), BMI ≥24.0 kg/m2, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, ART treatment ≥5 years, and CD4+T lymphocyte count <200/μL.

Conclusion

Carotid ultrasound is more likely to be abnormal when PLWH have higher age, BMI ≥24.0 kg/m2, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, a longer course of ART, and a low CD4+ T lymphocyte count.
Spatial and temporal features of cavitation in micropump by dynamic mode decomposing
Authors: Li Jiajun , Yu Dan , Chen Shuangtao
Published: May 2023

This study investigates the spatial and temporal features of micropump cavitation. The numerical model is based on the k-Epsilon turbulence model and the Zwart cavitation model. Cases with different rotation speeds and flow volumes are carried out experimentally to validate the numerical model by changing rotation speed and flow rate separately. The periodic to chaos cavitation is observed by varying the cavitation number. Spatial modes of cavitation on the blade are identified by the dynamic mode decomposing. The frequencies of those modes are also obtained. The most energetic modes are presented and discussed. Cavitation of micropump on the suction side of the blade experiences growing, breaking, and shedding. With the decrease of cavitation number, the cavitation occurs at the leading-edge part, the middle part, and the entire blades. The leakage of cavitation can result in the interaction between cavitation between neighboring gaps of blades and the symmetrical distribution. The results also show that with the increase of cavitation number, there exists a downshift of frequency, and the bump point of the blade can influence the cavitation significantly.
Improved performance of Kalina cycle system 11 cycle with new arrangement of ejector cycle
Authors: Bahrampoury Rasool , Pahamli Younes , Torbatinejad Ali , Hosseini Mohammad Javad
Published: May 2023

In order to boost the cycles’ thermal efficiency, their power generations and reduce industrial equipment costs the growing need to develop and improve the performance of power generation cycles has provided the basis for research. Currently, there are quite a few investigations aiming to consider Kalina cycles as a power generation system using low-grade heat sources. In this research, firstly KCS-11 (Kalina Cycle System11) as well as Ekalina cycle (enhanced KCS-11 with ejector) has been studied. The SEKalina cycle, which is a modification of Ekalina cycle, is introduced, examined, and simulated by EES software. In the structure of the EKalina, the throttle valve and absorber are removed and the ejector is used instead. The use of the ejector reduces pressure at the turbine’s outlet and augments the difference between the enthalpy of two turbine ends, leading to enhancement of the thermal proficiency and net power output. Including an ejector and benefited from a split configuration, SEKalina cycle proposes a potential for efficiency improvement. Examining the results of the cycles, it is found that by employing the SEKalina cycle, compare to the two previously introduced cycles (EKalina and KCS-11), the thermal efficiency and net power output rise significantly. Moreover, as a result, the net power output in SEKalina cycle is 2% higher than that of EKalina cycle.
Distributed tube model predictive control for string stability of heterogeneous vehicle platoons
Authors: Mao Xingyan , Li Panshuo , Weng Zhixiang , Zhao Jing
Published: May 2023

This article develops a distributed tube model predictive control method to guarantee the string stability of the heterogeneous vehicle platoon under external disturbance and controller saturation. The error model of each vehicle is proposed based on the desired distance and velocity, where the coupled factor between vehicles is treated as a random disturbance. The linear feedback controller is devised to reject disturbances by keeping the actual trajectory within a tube around the nominal trajectory, and a model predictive controller is proposed by treating the input saturation and string stability as state constraints in the optimization problem. Compared with previous results, the proposed control strategy achieves a better performance of disturbance rejection and greatly reduces the online computation burden, which would be more favorable in engineering applications. The method proposed in this article is illustrated to be effective by simulation.
Robust control strategy for networked vehicle system with fake data injection attack
Authors: Zhu Di , Li Meng , Chen Yong
Published: May 2023

This article investigates the safety control problem of intelligent networked vehicle and utilizes the sliding-mode control to solve the system with time delay, system disturbance, and parameter uncertainty. First, the modeling of automobile system is introduced. What’s more, time delay, parameter uncertainty, disturbance, and attack are added to the original model. Then, designed an integral sliding-mode surface and given the sufficient conditions for system stability using linear matrix inequalities. Furthermore, the controller is designed according to the slide approach rate, and it is proved that the designed controller can make the system state reach the sliding surface in finite time. Finally, the simulation is used to verify the effectiveness of the arithmetic.
Indigenous Anti/Deportation: Contesting Sovereignty, Citizenship, and Belonging in Canada and Australia
Authors: Gardner Karl
Published: May 2023

This article focuses on attempts by settler colonial states to deport Indigenous non-citizens. The concept of “Indigenous anti/deportation” is introduced to capture both the inseparability of deportation from its contestation, as well as the unique stakes involved in contesting the imminent deportation of members of Indigenous communities. Comparing cases in Canada and Australia, Indigenous anti/deportation highlights fundamentally divergent claims of sovereignty, the assertion of Indigenous citizenship orders, and a transformation of how belonging is understood in contexts of settler colonial occupation. This article concludes by considering the implications of cases of Indigenous anti/deportation for future struggles for Indigenous sovereignty and for solidarity-building between migrants and Indigenous peoples.
Bodily contrast experiences in cultivating character for care
Authors: Vanlaere Linus , Burggraeve Roger
Published: May 2023

Since 2008, in Flanders, we organize immersion sessions in a simulated context with the aim of stimulating student nurses and health professionals to learn virtuous caring. In this contribution, we first outline the purpose of this experiential learning: the cultivation of moral character. We come to the core of what we mean by moral character for care. We refer to Joan Tronto and Stan van Hooft to claim that caring is central to all aspects of nursing practice and is the basis of its moral quality. We also stipulate that caring involves the integration of action with emotions, motivations, and knowledge. Second, we briefly explain how the immersion sessions in the care ethics lab take place and, in particular, reflect on what it yields in terms of experiences for the participants who take on the role of simulant patients in this experiential learning process. We focus on the significant role contrast experiences play in these experiences. Especially the negative contrast experiences do not wear off easily; care professionals remember even long after the immersion session and continue to carry them with them as a “corporeal built-in alarm.” Third, we discuss the role of contrast experiences in cultivating moral character for care. In particular, we explore the role of the body in the kind of knowing it cultivates and, by extension, its role in cultivating virtuous caring. By referring to specific philosophical ideas of Gabriël Marcel, Hans Jonas and Emmanuel Levinas, we try to understand how contrast experiences bring about an integration of virtuous action into knowledge, motivation, and emotion. We conclude that we need more space for contrast experiences in cultivating moral character. More attention should be paid to the role of the body in this learning process.
Essential Newborn Care Services in Nonpublic Health-Care Facilities in Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Iloh Ogochukwu N. , Iloh Kenechukwu K. , Osuorah Chidiebere D. I. , Onukwuli Vivian O. , Igbokwe Obianuju O. , Ezeudu Chijioke E. , Nwafia Ifeyinwa , Nwaneli Ezinne I. , Nwokeji-Onwe Linda
Published: May 2023

Background

The World Health Organization (WHO) has set some standards of essential newborn care (ENC) with some activities, the implementation of which minimizes the incidence of neonatal morbidity and mortality. This study attempted to assess the practice of ENC services among nonpublic health-care facilities and determinants of adequate ENC practice in southeast Nigeria.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in 4 of the largest cities in southeast Nigeria. The studied facilities were selected by purposive and convenient sampling method. Scores were assigned to the practice of ENC and computed based on standard validated criteria. Data analysis was done using Epi Info version 7.2 and statistical significance was set at P < .05.

Results

A total of 77 health facilities in the study area were surveyed. The mean annual birth rate in the surveyed health facilities was approximately 342.2. Majority (64.9%) of the health facilities efficiently executed 3 of the 8 ENC practices while only 27 (35.1%) facilities had good essential newborn practices score. The city where the health-care facilities were located influenced the practice of adequate ENC. A greater proportion of health facilities located in Abakaliki and Awka practiced adequate ENC compared to facilities in Enugu and Nnewi ( P = .001).

Conclusion

ENC service is poor in nonpublic health-care facilities in southeast Nigeria. Training and retraining of health workers as well as provision of necessary incentives through government-private partnership may help ensure better implementation of ENC in order to reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality in southeast Nigeria.
Effect of Kangaroo Care Following Immersion Bath on Body Temperature in Preterm Neonates
Authors: Veeraiah Raju , Mangalgi Sharanabasavesh , Maralusiddappa Pradeep G. C. , Veerabhadraiah Krithika M. , Shenoy Sangeetha
Published: May 2023

Objectives

One of the aspects of routine care in stable preterm in the ward is bathing. However, during and after bath, drop in body temperature has been observed. Providing Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) instead of routinely covering the baby with clothes following bath helps in better thermoregulation. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of standard care and KMC following immersion bathing in stable preterm neonates in postnatal ward.

Patients and Methods

Prospective nonrandomized interventional study done in the postnatal ward of a tertiary referral hospital. All consecutively born preterm neonates with corrected gestational age between 34 weeks and 37 weeks (mean 35 weeks +5) were enrolled in the study. Neonates received immersion bath in a tub using water temperature adjusted to 37 to 38℃. Neonates in this group were allocated to receive standard care and KMC immediately after bath on Day 1 and Day 2, respectively. Axillary temperature was recorded before bath (baseline), immediately after bath and subsequently at 15 min, 30 min, 45 min, and 60 min after bath. Data was analyzed to compare the effect of standard care and KMC immediately after bath.

Results

The pre-bath mean temperature between standard care and KMC were 36.27℃ and 36.47℃, respectively. In both standard care and KMC group immediately after bath there was no fall in temperature from baseline. Mean difference from baseline temperature between standard care and KMC group at 30 min, 45 min, and 60 min were 0.2℃, 0.25℃, and 0.18℃, respectively, all of which were statistically significant ( P < .05).

Conclusions

In this pilot study on immersion bathing followed by KMC, temperature regulation was better with KMC after bathing, with a mean temperature difference ranging between 0.18 ℃ and 0.25℃ (95% CI –0.103 to0.374) between 30 min and 60 min of bathing.
The Triad Divided: A Curvilinear Mediation Model Linking Founder Machiavellianism, Narcissism, and Psychopathy to New Venture Performance
Authors: Brownell Katrina M. , Quinn Audra , Bolinger Mark T.
Published: May 2023

Across two studies, we apply self-regulation theory to test nonlinear relationships between founder Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy and new venture performance. Our hypotheses are supported for Machiavellianism and psychopathy, but contrary to our theorizing, we find a positive relationship between narcissism and performance. Furthermore, we identify an important explanatory mechanism in knowledge sharing, which mediates the curvilinear relationships at moderate and high levels. Our research has implications for how we understand the influence of problematic founder personality traits and how behavioral differences at varying levels of these traits can explain relationships with performance, and it presents a nuanced perspective to trait-based explanations for destructive entrepreneurial actions.
Factors Associated With Transitions to Adult Care Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Medical Complexity
Authors: Mooney-Doyle Kim , Ventura Castellon Erika , Lindley Lisa C.
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Thanks to advances in healthcare and technology, adolescents with medical complexity (AMC) and life-threatening conditions are living longer lives and may be expected to transition to adult health care. Yet, current systems and policies of transition care may not reflect their needs, those of their family, or the impact of social determinants of health. The goal of this study was to describe the relationship between social determinants of health and high-quality transition care. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of the 2019-2020 National Survey of Children’s Health. The main outcome variable was any support for transition to adult health care. Independent variables were based on a social determinants of health framework. Weighted logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between social determinants and any support for transition to adult health care. Results: Final weighted sample included 444,915 AMC. AMC were distributed across income levels, most commonly lived in the South, and in supportive, resilient communities. More than 50% experienced adverse childhood events and less than 50% had adequate insurance. Less than one third received any transition support from providers; those who did reported time alone with the provider or active management. Social determinants related to missed days of school, community support/family context, and poverty were associated with both receipt and absence of transition care. Conclusion: AMC and their families navigate complex environments and associated stressors. Social determinants of health, particularly economic, community/social, and healthcare exert significant and nuanced influence. Such impacts should be incorporated into transition care.
Persistent Buccopharyngeal Membrane – A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Case Series
Authors: Parekh Nishreen M. , Bansal Shivani P. , Mehta Vini , Shirsat Pankaj M. , Prasad Pooja , Desai Rajiv S.
Published: May 2023

Objective

Persistent buccopharyngeal membrane (PBM) is a rare anomaly associated with failure of ecto-endodermal resorption of the buccopharyngeal membrane on the 26th day of intrauterine life. The current literature has insufficient information about PBM.

Design

Systematic Review.

Patients, Participants

Online electronic databases such as PubMed-MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus were searched using appropriate keywords from the earliest available data until 30th August 2022, with no language restriction. Additional sources such as Google Scholar, major journals, gray literature, conference proceedings, and cross-referencing were also explored.

Main Outcome Measures

The present systematic review evaluated and analysed the data available on PBM along with its treatment options and clinicopathological findings, prevalence, and prognosis of the patient.

Results

Thirty-four publications with 37 reported cases were included in this systematic review. The majority of patients had dyspnea (n = 18), followed by dysphagia (n = 10). Approximately 16 patients suffering from PBM reported orofacial abnormalities. Seventeen patients reported complete PBM, and 18 patients had partial PBM. The treatment modality followed by most patients (n = 15) was surgical excision of the membrane, along with stent placement in four patients. Oropharyngeal reconstruction was performed in four cases. The overall prognosis and survival rate of this rare condition is good.

Conclusion

This review suggests that PBM is poorly understood, and the diagnosis of partial PBM is confirmed only when the patient complains of difficulty in breathing or eating. In-depth analysis and follow-up of the reported cases should be performed to diagnose the disease early so that clinicians can provide adequate treatment to the patients.
Optimization and control of an energy-efficient vibration-driven robot
Authors: Amiri Niloufar , Sohrabi Kourosh , Eftekharian Ghazal , Fakhari Vahid
Published: May 2023

Vibration-driven robots are innovative mechanical systems that exhibit a wide range of capabilities and applications due to their simple propellers. The applications of these robots span from clearing debris after an incident, traversing pipelines for inspection and maintenance, or medical purposes. In this paper, optimization and motion control of an energy-efficient two-module vibration-driven robot are investigated. The robot contains two blocks connected by a spring as its main body, and an unbalanced rotating mass to drive the robot rectilinearly. At first, the governing dynamic equations of the robot are derived and solved using MATLAB/Simulink. Then, the dynamic model of the robot is verified by comparing the obtained results with the simulation results from MSC Adams. Subsequently, a parametric study is conducted to investigate the effect of various physical parameters of the robot on its average velocity and consumed energy. Afterward, optimization variables are determined and a proper objective function is considered. By performing an optimization process using a genetic algorithm (NSGA-II), optimal parameters of the robot are obtained. Moreover, for motion control of the optimized robot, two control schemes, PID and Fractional Order PID, are designed. To evaluate and compare the performance of the proposed controllers, parameters of both controllers are optimized using a genetic algorithm in which both tracking error and control input are minimized, simultaneously. Finally, tracking error and control effort of the mentioned controllers for motion control of the robot are compared and discussed.
Relational Ethics Through the Flesh: Considerations for an Anti-Colonial Future in Art Education
Authors: Rallis Nicole , Leddy Shannon , Irwin Rita L.
Published: May 2023

In this article, we reflect on our teaching practices that include the development of an artist-in-residency program in one teacher education course and one graduate course in the Fall of 2022 at The University of British Columbia. During these residencies, Carrier Wit’at artist and printmaker Whess Harman and Indigenous scholar and a/r/tographer Jocelyne Robinson of the Algonquin Timiskaming First Nation demonstrate through their art practices how love and land are central tenets to relational ethics. We engage with Cherrie Moraga and Gloria Anzaldua’s theory in the flesh alongside the artists-in-residencies as we consider an anti-colonial future in art education. We propose the concept of relational ethics through the flesh as a reflexive, embodied, social justice–oriented way of being in the world.
In Motion: An Adaptation of Enriched and Inclusive Audio Description Practices
Authors: Bergonzoni Carolina
Published: May 2023

In Motion is an audio-described video piece that applies techniques from audio-described museum tours. The piece, sound recording, and audio description were done by the author, allowing for an enriched audio description, which combines the practice of verbally describing images with sound recordings and personal insights from the author/describer. I propose that audio description (AD) can advance social justice since it can only exist if it includes disability justice and provides an opportunity for embodied reflexivity through art-based practices. In Motion is representative of how accessibility can be part of the creative process and not an afterthought. It also shows how audio description can advance social and disability justice.
An Exploratory Study of Financial Health as an Antecedent of Economic Abuse Among Women Seeking Help for Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Adams Adrienne E. , Beeble Marisa L. , Biswas Anjana , Flynn Rebecca L. , Vollinger Lauren
Published: May 2023

Economic abuse is a common component of intimate partner violence (IPV). This study explored whether IPV victim and perpetrator financial health at relationship outset are associated with two types of economic abuse—restriction and exploitation—during the relationship. With a sample of 315 women seeking services for male-perpetrated IPV, the study showed increased use of economic restriction when perpetrators were advantaged in terms of assets or disadvantaged in terms of debt. There was increased use of economic exploitation when victims were advantaged in terms of assets or credit and when perpetrators were disadvantaged in terms of assets, debt, or credit. Implications for research and intervention are discussed.
New classes of linearizable hyperelastic compressible materials
Authors: DJ Arrigo , TC Chism
Published: May 2023

The governing equations for plane deformations of isotropic compressible hyperelastic materials are highly nonlinear, and consequently, very few exact solutions are known. At present, there are only two classes of material in which the governing equations are known to be linearizable. The first is the harmonic material, and the second is a class of material recently introduced by the authors. In this paper, we show new materials exist where the governing equations are linearizable.
Implementation of Non-pharmacological Interventions in Dementia Care: Family Caregiver Perspective
Authors: Ross Sabrina D. , Ziegert Nadja , Rodriguez Francisca S.
Published: May 2023

Background:

Non-pharmacological interventions show promising positive effects on dementia symptoms. Since the majority of dementia care activities are performed by family caregivers, it is important to know how they perceive and implement such approaches. We aimed to investigate the extent to which non-pharmacological interventions are considered by family caregivers in dementia care and the barriers they encounter in implementing them.

Methods:

A total of 30 family caregivers (mean age: 63.07 years, female: 70%) living inside (30%) and outside the homes (70%) of people with dementia participated. Descriptive data analysis was used to determine the frequency of non-pharmacological interventions implemented, perceived effects, lacking resources, and barriers, while inferential statistics were used to examine whether funding source varied between interventions with high versus low frequency.

Results:

The most frequently implemented non-pharmacological interventions were initiating/maintaining social contact, cognitively stimulating and rehabilitative activities, and time in nature. In general, enjoyment was the most commonly perceived effect of non-pharmacological interventions. Additional effects were reported with respect to well-being, cognitive decline, autobiographical memory, perception of competence, and other symptoms. Major barriers were organizational burden, accessibility, and a lack of funding. Further, lacking resources included a lack of services (e.g., therapies, transport, group activities) and information on possible interventions.

Discussion:

This study highlighted that family caregivers frequently implement non-pharmacological interventions in dementia care. Given the perceived positive effects on dementia symptoms, health care interventions are needed that address barriers and provide resources to foster the implementation of non-pharmacological interventions by family caregivers.
The Structure and Diagnostic Accuracy of the QbTest in Pediatric ADHD: A Retrospective Clinical Study
Authors: Stevanovic Dejan , Nasic Salmir , Doric Ana , Wentz Elisabet , Knez Rajna
Published: May 2023

Objective:

The QbTest that combines a continuous performance task (CPT) with a motion-tracking system may help identify attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study examined the structure and diagnostic ability of the QbTest in children and adolescents.

Method:

Retrospective data from 1,274 children and adolescents were analyzed. The study assessed data on a principal component analysis (PCA), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV).

Results:

The QbActivity component included the variables micro-events, distance, area, and time active; the QbImpulsivity included normalized commissions and commissions (anticipatory errors were added in a version for 6–12-year-olds only); and the QbInattention included omissions, reaction time, and reaction time variation. Sensitivity ranged between 22% and 50%, specificity 79% and 96%, PPVs 40% and 95%, and NPVs 24% and 66%.

Conclusion:

The structure of the QbTest with three cardinal parameters and nine/ten CPT and motion analysis variables was supported. The diagnostic accuracy was found to be poor to moderate. Given that this is a retrospective study, the interpretation of diagnostic accuracy should be considered within this context.
Several serum lipid metabolites are associated with relapse risk in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis
Authors: Virupakshaiah Akash , Ladakis Dimitrios C , Nourbakhsh Bardia , Bhargava Pavan , Dilwali Sonam , Schoeps Vinicius , Borkowski Kamil , Newman John W , Waubant Emmanuelle
Published: May 2023

Background:

The circulating metabolome is altered in multiple sclerosis (MS), but its prognostic capabilities have not been extensively explored. Lipid metabolites might be of particular interest due to their multiple roles in the brain, as they can serve as structural components, energy sources, and bioactive molecules. Gaining a deeper understanding of the disease may be possible by examining the lipid metabolism in the periphery, which serves as the primary source of lipids for the brain.

Objective:

To determine if altered serum lipid metabolites are associated with the risk of relapse and disability in children with MS.

Methods:

We collected serum samples from 61 participants with pediatric-onset MS within 4 years of disease onset. Prospective longitudinal relapse data and cross-sectional disability measures (Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS]) were collected. Serum metabolomics was performed using untargeted liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Individual lipid metabolites were clustered into pre-defined pathways. The associations between clusters of metabolites and relapse rate and EDSS score were estimated utilizing negative binomial and linear regression models, respectively.

Results:

We found that serum acylcarnitines (relapse rate: normalized enrichment score [NES] = 2.1, q = 1.03E–04; EDSS: NES = 1.7, q = 0.02) and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (relapse rate: NES = 1.6, q = 0.047; EDSS: NES = 1.9, q = 0.005) were associated with higher relapse rates and EDSS, while serum phosphatidylethanolamines (relapse rate: NES = −2.3, q = 0.002; EDSS: NES = −2.1, q = 0.004), plasmalogens (relapse rate: NES = −2.5, q = 5.81E–04; EDSS: NES = −2.1, q = 0.004), and primary bile acid metabolites (relapse rate: NES = −2.0, q = 0.02; EDSS: NES = −1.9, q = 0.02) were associated with lower relapse rates and lower EDSS.

Conclusion:

This study supports the role of some lipid metabolites in pediatric MS relapses and disability.
Translanguaging and Learning Stories in preschool: Supporting language rights and social justice for Latinx children, families, and educators
Authors: Escamilla Isauro M , Alanís Iliana , Meier Daniel R
Published: May 2023

This article focuses on elements of successful sociocultural inclusion and linguistic participation in a bilingual dual-language preschool for Latinx children. It presents a subset of findings from a three-year qualitative research project in which Latinx critical race theory and a translanguaging framework were used to illuminate critical intersections between children's funds of knowledge, their translanguaging talents, and their interests in play and social interaction. Learning Stories served as both the focus for documentation and the unit of analysis for understanding children's translanguaging experiences, as well as for promoting new forms of authentic assessment for family engagement.
Literary attachment and the American spoken-word song: An interarts-based reading pedagogy
Authors: Palmeirim Bernardo Manzoni
Published: May 2023

Have we been teaching reading well? Close reading has been the signature practice in literary studies. More recently, however, postcritique has polemically revised this traditional mode of teaching reading. This essay proposes the initial framework for a novel arts-based pedagogy based on Spoken-Word Song, bridging critical literary interpretation and teacher-student co-created artistic performance. Spoken-Word Song is here cast as a privileged means for allowing university students to become intellectually and emotionally invested in poetry, following precepts of the affective turn in the humanities. Moving from theory to practice, this paper will contextualize Spoken-Word Song within three domains before describing the practical steps of my pedagogy: (1) its relevance to contemporary literary theory, (2) a brief overview of the American Spoken-Word Song and (3) Spoken Word pedagogies currently practiced in the American educational system.
No Signs of Inclusive Fitness or Reciprocal Altruism in Advantageous Inequity Aversion
Authors: Antfolk Jan , Marklund Emmie , Nylund Irene , Gunst Annika
Published: May 2023

Advantageous inequity aversion (i.e., the tendency to respond negatively to unfairness that benefits oneself) usually develops in 6–8-year-olds. However, little is known about the selection pressures that might have shaped this phenomenon. Using data collected from 120 4–8-year-old Finnish children, we tested two evolutionary explanations for the development of advantageous inequity aversion: reciprocal altruism (i.e., benefiting from sharing when the roles are likely reversed in the future) and inclusive fitness (i.e., benefiting from sharing with biological relatives that carry the same alleles). We first successfully replicated a previous experiment, showing that 6–8-year-olds display advantageous inequity aversion by preferring to throw away a resource rather than keep it for themselves. Here, this behavior was also displayed in 5-year-olds. Using a novel experiment, we then asked children to distribute five erasers between themselves, a sibling, a peer, and a stranger. That is, an equal distribution was only possible if throwing away one eraser. We found no support for advantageous inequity aversion being shaped by either inclusive fitness or reciprocal altruism. Future studies could investigate costly signaling and adherence to social norms to avoid negative consequences as ultimate explanations for advantageous inequity aversion.
Reverse passive strategy exploration for building massing design-An optimization-aided approach
Authors: Wang Likai , Luo Ting , Shao Tong , Ji Guohua
Published: May 2023

In building massing design, using passive design strategies is a critical approach to reducing energy consumption while offering comfortable indoor environments. However, it is often impractical for architects to systematically explore passive design strategies at the outset of the building massing design and architectural form-finding processes, which may result in inefficient or ineffective utilization of the strategies. To address this issue, this study presents a reverse passive design strategy exploration approach that leverages the capability of computational optimization and parametric modeling to help architects identify feasible passive design strategies for building massing design. The approach is achieved using a building massing design generation and optimization tool, called EvoMass, and various building performance simulation tools in Rhino-Grasshopper. The optimization can produce site-specific design references that reflect rich performance implications associated with passive design strategies, such as atriums and self-shading. As such, architects can screen out promising passive design strategies corresponding to different performance factors from the optimization result. Two case studies related to daylighting, sky exposure, and solar heat utility are presented to demonstrate the approach, and the relevant utility and limitations are discussed.
Public Perceptions Toward Community Management Policies for Individuals Convicted of Sexual Offenses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sánchez de Ribera Olga , Christensen Larissa S. , Trajtenberg Nicolás , Hudson Kirsty
Published: May 2023

Community management policies for individuals convicted of sexual offenses (ICSO) are controversial, mainly because the effectiveness of these policies in reducing recidivism is limited and appear to have some collateral effects. Despite this, the current meta-analysis found the public highly support these policies. Studies examining public perceptions regarding community management policies for ICSO to understand levels of support, misconceptions about the policies, and factors affecting the views of the public were reviewed. After searching 7 electronic databases, 43 studies, both quantitative and qualitative, were included in the systematic review and 31 in the meta-analysis. Studies could be longitudinal or cross-sectional, needed to include public attitudes, opinions, and perceptions about ICSO community management policies and could include standardized or non-standardized measures, indirect assessments of attitudes, along with interviews and focus groups. Results suggest that overall, policies were supported by 76% of the public, 61% believed in their effectiveness, and 63% felt safer because of the policies. However, only 36% accessed the registry, 38% took preventive actions, and 40% were aware/concerned about the collateral consequences. All analyses yielded high levels of heterogeneity. Misconceptions about policies and ICSO were moderate. Finally, 36 studies explored factors that affected the public’s attitudes and perceptions of policies with a variety of significant associations and predictors. The findings provide comprehensive evidence that while these policies are supported by the public, the public have less belief in the effectiveness of them in protecting children and reducing recidivism. Implications for public policy and future research are discussed.
City Marathon Events and Tourism Industry: A Quasi-Natural Experiment
Authors: Gan Chen , Deng Taotao , Zhao Weishu
Published: May 2023

Building the relationship between marathon events and tourism is a significant strategy for the local governments. However, there has been little agreement on the effect of city marathon events on local tourism performance. Therefore, this research gap is addressed by providing empirical evidence for the effect of city marathon events on local tourism performance. First, the paper analyzes the theoretical mechanism of the effect of city marathon events on tourism from three aspects: the preliminary effect before marathon events, the agglomeration effect during marathon events, and the legacy effect after marathon events. Second, taking the city marathon events in China as a quasi-natural experiment, the paper uses the Difference-in-Difference model to identify the effect of the marathon events on tourism based on the panel data of 50 major tourist cities from 2010 to 2017. The results indicate that city marathon events significantly boost local tourism performance. These research findings are further confirmed by performing various robustness checks.
A finite element analysis of auxetic composite fabric with rotating square structure
Authors: Chang Yuping , Liu Yanping , Hu Hong
Published: May 2023

The auxetic property of macro-porous rotating square structure has been investigated by many using either experimental or numerical approaches. Given the low breaking strength of the typical rotating square structure, it was proposed to employ an elastic base material to the cellular auxetic structure to improve its strength while maintaining its auxetic behavior in our previous study. Despite the experimental studies conducted, a numerical analysis is needed to explain the auxetic effect found in the produced laminated fabrics. In this paper, the auxetic properties of the 2-layer laminated system were simulated using the finite element approach and the effects of the modulus difference between the frame and the base were discussed. The main findings are (1) the simulated results based on a simplified model are broadly consistent with experimental ones under low tensile strain ranges; (2) the initial modulus of the frame material in the stretched direction and that of the base material in the lateral direction are critical to the generation of auxetic effect in the laminated system; (3) at least a 10-time difference of the modulus between the frame and the base materials is required to generate an auxetic effect in the 2-layer laminated structure and the overall auxetic property is increased by enlarging difference of the modulus within a tolerance. It is expected that this research could provide an instructive reference for the future design of auxetic materials.
Scoreboard Urbanism: Theorizing Mental Life in the Digitally Mediated Metropolis
Authors: Patterson Matt
Published: May 2023

Georg Simmel famously argued that the sensory onslaught of the urban environment forces people to reduce the world to calculable quantities over colorful qualities and adopt a blasé attitude of muted emotions. Today’s digitally mediated city involves levels of quantification that Simmel could have scarcely imagined. However, rather than exacerbating the blasé attitude, this paper makes the case that digital technologies potentially increase our emotional and moral attachments to the urban environment—a phenomenon that can be called “scoreboard urbanism.” From Yelp ratings to Fitbit step scores, our relationship to the city is increasingly mediated by quantitative metrics. The purpose of this paper is to outline the basic characteristics of scoreboard urbanism as a distinct mode of life that entails new ways of perceiving and interacting with the urban public realm. In doing so, the paper argues that this phenomenon has transformed the city into a “gamespace” characterized by the competitive and exhilarating drive to score points.
Isolated Fourth Carpometacarpal Joint Injury in High-Level Baseball Players: A Case Series
Authors: Stults William P. , Lourie Gary M. , Royal Jeremy T.
Published: May 2023

Background:

We present a case series of high-level baseball players having sustained a rare, isolated injury to the fourth carpometacarpal joint of the nondominant or bottom hand during a jammed swing.

Methods:

Ten patients were evaluated for ulnar-sided wrist pain and were subsequently diagnosed with fourth carpometacarpal joint synovitis based on physical examination and magnetic resonance imaging revealing increased signal intensity within the joint.

Results:

Conservative treatment modalities including rest, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications, splinting, and corticosteroid injections resulted in return to play within 4 weeks for all patients.

Conclusions:

We propose a mechanism of injury involving the bottom hand in relative pronation receiving a dorsally directed force from bat during a jammed swing resulting in isolated injury to the fourth carpometacarpal joint. This report serves to highlight this rare injury in high-level baseball players and recommend a treatment algorithm for early return to play.