bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Standard Sample Package for Calibration of X-Ray Stress Measurement
Authors: Yasukawa Shoichi , Miyoshi Tatsuki , Yamamoto Masayuki , Yamamoto Takashi , Ohya Shinichi
Published: September 2013

The purpose of our study is to provide standard samples for X-ray stress measurement. Typically zero adjustment is performed by a stress free sample which is a fine powder of pure metal. However, if the sample has stress (not stress-free), the stress value obtained by measurement can contain the errors caused by each stress measurement instrument. To solve this instrumental error, we have created a standard sample package. The sample package includes the following three samples. 1) Fluorescent powder to confirm the beam position and size. 2) Iron powder (particle size 6-8μm) to calibrate the zero-stress. 3) Bulk iron material which has approx. -100(MPa) of residual stress. Each sample has been laid out in a 6mm thick plate, and each sample can be selected by sliding the plate manually. By measuring the bulk material and the powder, correction and calibration of the stress measurement instrument is possible. The manufacturing process employed in this study has confirmed that the iron bulk material does not have residual stress and FWHM changes over time in the past 20 years. Therefore, the standard sample can be used semi permanently by adequate management. Correction of instrument by using this standard sample package increases the reliability of X-ray stress measurement method which will help to employ it in a wide range of practical uses.
Synchrotron Diffraction Study of the Cementite Phase in Cold Drawn Pearlitic Steel Wires
Authors: Tacq Jeroen , Kriška Martin , Seefeldt Marc
Published: September 2013

Energy dispersive synchrotron diffraction has been carried out on cold drawn pearlitic steel wires. In this paper the observed cementite peaks are analysed. For a broad range of true drawing strains sin²(Ψ) curves have been measured. The residual stress in the cementite is found to saturate after reaching a maximum at a strain of about 1.6. No indication of significant texture development in the cementite could be observed. An explanation is given in terms of possible physical mechanisms. Peak broadening was observed at the early stages of deformation.
Prediction of the Distortions Caused by the Redistribution of the Residual Stresses During Machining Using FEM
Authors: Cerutti Xavier , Hassini Sami , Duc Emmanuel , Mocellin Katia
Published: September 2013

Aeronautic parts have generally complex structure and need high mechanical properties. Machining is an essential step to manufacture aluminium alloy aeronautical parts. To obtain parts complying with geometrical specifications, the machining process must be well understood and mastered. Indeed, many factors may induce geometrical deflections during the machining process. On large aeronautical parts, the main factor which can lead to non-complying part is the unexpected release of original residual stresses. In this work, a specific finite element solver has been developed to predict the distortion due to the redistribution of the original residual stresses during machining. Then, results obtained are compared with experimental tests to validate this approach.
The Investigation of the Triaxial Residual Stress in the Friction Stir Welded Lap Joint Using Neutron Diffraction
Authors: Bach Michael , Merati Ali , Gharghouri Michael A. , Rogge Ronald , Bell Robert , Wang Xin
Published: September 2013

A detailed study of the complex triaxial residual stress distribution of the double-pass friction stir welded (FSW) lap-joint between two different high strength aluminum alloy sheet materials was conducted. A non-destructive technique known as neutron diffraction was used to measure the internal residual stress distribution in the three principal direction of the lap-joint in the as-welded and hammer peened configurations to determine effects of hammer peening on redistribution of residual stresses across the weld. The residual stress variation across the weld in the transverse direction contained the highest values of tensile stress in all three principal directions. The residual stress in the hammer peened test specimen was in most cases reduced in all three principal directions.
Identification of Load Induced Inhomogeneous Plastic Deformations in Aluminium Welds by Diffraction Methods
Authors: Workowski Michael , Nitschke-Pagel Thomas , Dilger Klaus
Published: September 2013

Cold formed and precipitation hardened aluminium alloys welded with arc welding and electron beam welding processes have been investigated to analyse the local deformation behaviour under static and cyclic loads. Therefore lateral strain measurements with different techniques have been carried out in the surrounding of the weld seam. The strain measurements were combined with micro hardness measurements in order to determine loading induced local softening and hardening. These investigations were combined with X-ray diffraction experiments which should provide information about the residual stress condition and additionally about load induced changes of the hardening condition by the analysis of the FWHM-values of the diffraction lines. Additionally in-situ diffraction experiments using synchrotron radiation where carried out to analyse the deformation behaviour of particular welds under varying static loads. The paper gives an overview about the experimental procedures and important results and their consequences for the evaluation of such aluminium welds.
Defining CD8+ T Cell Determinants during Human Viral Infection in Populations of Asian Ethnicity
Authors: Rivino Laura , Tan Anthony T. , Chia Adeline , Kumaran Emmanuelle A. P. , Grotenbreg Gijsbert M. , MacAry Paul A. , Bertoletti Antonio
Published: September 2013

The identification of virus-specific CD8+ T cell determinants is a fundamental requirement for our understanding of viral disease pathogenesis. T cell epitope mapping strategies increasingly rely on algorithms that predict the binding of peptides to MHC molecules. There is, however, little information on the reliability of predictive algorithms in the context of human populations, in particular, for those expressing HLA class I molecules for which there are limited experimental data available. In this study, we evaluate the ability of NetMHCpan to predict antiviral CD8+ T cell epitopes that we identified with a traditional approach in patients of Asian ethnicity infected with Dengue virus, hepatitis B virus, or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. We experimentally demonstrate that the predictive power of algorithms defining peptide–MHC interaction directly correlates with the amount of training data on which the predictive algorithm has been constructed. These results highlight the limited applicability of the NetMHCpan algorithm for populations expressing HLA molecules for which there are little or no experimental binding data, such as those of Asian ethnicity.
The Host Environment Is Responsible for Aging-Related Functional NK Cell Deficiency
Authors: Chiu Bo-Chin , Martin Brian E. , Stolberg Valerie R. , Chensue Stephen W.
Published: September 2013

NK cells play an important role in immunity against infection and tumors. Aging-related functional NK cell deficiency is well documented in humans and mice. However, the mechanism for this is poorly understood. Using an adoptive transfer approach in mice, we found that NK cells from both young and aged mice responded vigorously to priming by pathogen-derived products after being cotransferred into young mice. In contrast, NK cells from young mice responded poorly to priming by pathogen-derived products after being transferred to aged mice. In addition to defects in NK cell priming, maturation of NK cells under steady-state conditions is also impaired in aged mice, resulting in a decreased proportion of CD27− mature NK cells. We found that bone marrow from young and aged mice gave rise to CD27− mature NK cells similarly in young mixed bone marrow chimeric mice. Furthermore, by using a novel bone marrow transfer approach without irradiation, we found that after being transferred to aged mice, bone marrow from young mice gave rise to NK cells with maturation defects. Finally, we found that aging-related functional NK cell deficiency was completely reversed by injecting soluble IL-15/IL-15Rα complexes. In contrast, blockade of IL-10 signaling, which broadly augments inflammatory responses to pathogen-derived products, had little effect on aging-related defects in NK cell priming. These data demonstrate that the aged host environment is responsible for aging-related functional NK cell deficiency. Additionally, our data suggest that IL-15 receptor agonists may be useful tools in treating aging-related functional NK cell deficiency.
Double Deficiency for RORγt and T-bet Drives Th2-Mediated Allograft Rejection in Mice
Authors: Sabet-Baktach Manije , Eggenhofer Elke , Rovira Jordi , Renner Philipp , Lantow Margareta , Farkas Stefan A. , Malaisé Muriel , Edtinger Karoline , Shaotang Zhou , Koehl Gudrun E. , Dahlke Marc H. , Schlitt Hans J. , Geissler Edward K. , Kroemer Alexander
Published: September 2013

Although Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells are thought to be major effector cells in adaptive alloimmune responses, their respective contribution to allograft rejection remains unclear. To precisely address this, we used mice genetically modified for the Th1 and Th17 hallmark transcription factors T-bet and RORγt, respectively, which allowed us to study the alloreactive role of each subset in an experimental transplant setting. We found that in a fully mismatched heterotopic mouse heart transplantation model, T cells deficient for T-bet (prone to Th17 differentiation) versus RORγt (prone to Th1 differentiation) rejected allografts at a more accelerated rate, indicating a predominance of Th17- over Th1-driven alloimmunity. Importantly, T cells doubly deficient for both T-bet and RORγt differentiated into alloreactive GATA-3–expressing Th2 cells, which promptly induced allograft rejection characterized by a Th2-type intragraft expression profile and eosinophilic infiltration. Mechanistically, Th2-mediated allograft rejection was contingent on IL-4, as its neutralization significantly prolonged allograft survival by reducing intragraft expression of Th2 effector molecules and eosinophilic allograft infiltration. Moreover, under IL-4 neutralizing conditions, alloreactive double-deficient T cells upregulated Eomesodermin (Eomes) and IFN-γ, but not GATA-3. Thus, in the absence of T-bet and RORγt, Eomes may salvage Th1-mediated alloimmunity that underlies IL-4 neutralization-resistant allograft rejection. We summarize that, whereas Th17 cells predictably promote allograft rejection, IL-4–producing GATA-3+ Th2 cells, which are generally thought to protect allogeneic transplants, may actually be potent facilitators of organ transplant rejection in the absence of T-bet and RORγt. Moreover, Eomes may rescue Th1-mediated allograft rejection in the absence of IL-4, T-bet, and RORγt.
Role of theIghIntronic Enhancer Eμ in Clonal Selection at the Pre–B to Immature B Cell Transition
Authors: Peng Cheng , Eckhardt Laurel A.
Published: September 2013

We previously described a checkpoint for allelic exclusion that occurs at the pre–B cell to immature B cell transition and is dependent upon the IgH intronic enhancer, Eμ. We now provide evidence that the breach in allelic exclusion associated with Eμ deletion results from decreased Igμ levels that make it difficult for emerging BCRs to reach the signaling threshold required for positive selection into the immature B cell compartment. We show that this compartment is smaller in mice carrying an Eμ-deficient, but functional, IgH allele (VHΔa). Pre–B cells in such mice produce ∼ 50% wild-type levels of Igμ (mRNA and protein), and this is associated with diminished signals, as measured by phosphorylation of pre-BCR/BCR downstream signaling proteins. Providing Eμ-deficient mice with a preassembled VL gene led not only to a larger immature B cell compartment but also to a decrease in “double-producers,” suggesting that H chain/L chain combinations with superior signaling properties can overcome the signaling defect associated with low Igμ-chain and can eliminate the selective advantage of “double-producers” that achieve higher Igμ-chain levels through expression of a second IgH allele. Finally, we found that “double-producers” in Eμ-deficient mice include a subpopulation with autoreactive BCRs. We infer that BCRs with IgH chain from the Eμ-deficient allele are ignored during negative selection owing to their comparatively low density. In summary, these studies show that Eμ's effect on IgH levels at the pre–B cell to immature B cell transition strongly influences allelic exclusion, the breadth of the mature BCR repertoire, and the emergence of autoimmune B cells.
Unfavourable results with distraction in craniofacial skeleton
Authors: Agarwal Rajiv
Published: September 2013

Distraction osteogenesis has revolutionised the management of craniofacial abnormalities. The technique however requires precise planning, patient selection, execution and follow-up to achieve consistent and positive results and to avoid unfavourable results. The unfavourable results with craniofacial distraction stem from many factors ranging from improper patient selection, planning and use of inappropriate distraction device and vector. The present study analyses the current standards and techniques of distraction and details in depth the various errors and complications that may occur due to this technique. The commonly observed complications of distraction have been detailed along with measures and suggestions to avoid them in clinical practice.
Unfavourable results in free tissue transfer
Authors: Koul Ashok Raj , Patil Rahul K. , Nahar Sushil
Published: September 2013

With recent advances in the instrumentation and with increased expertise the results of microvascular surgery are getting better. Complications though, cannot be completely avoided. This paper gives a brief introduction to the possible complications at various stages of free tissue transfer. With careful planning and execution and vigilant postoperative care the overall success rate can be improved.
Head and neck reconstruction
Authors: Yadav Prabha
Published: September 2013

Whatever is excisable, is reconstructable! "You excise, we will reconstruct" are the confident words of reconstructive surgeons today. Reconstruction with multiple flaps has become routine. Radial artery (FRAF), Antero lateral thigh (ALT) and Fibula osteo cutaneous flap (FFOCF) are three most popular free flaps which can reconstruct any defect with excellent asthetics and performance. Radial Artery provides thin, pliable innervated skin; ALT large amount of skin & bulk; and FFOCF strong 22 to 25 centimetres of bone and reliable skin paddle. Free flap survival has gone to 98% in most of the renouned institutes and is an established escalator in management of defects.
Avoidance of unfavourable results following primary flexor tendon surgery
Authors: Giesen T. , Elliot D.
Published: September 2013

This review describes the biological problems faced by those managing primary flexor tendon injuries and explains why these problems still thwart attempts to achieve normal, or near normal, function after this injury, despite a century of surgical effort. It considers the historical background of the early 20 th century attempts to improve the results and analyses the clinical usefulness of more recent research into tendon core and circumferential suture modification, including the authors′ work in this field, and changes in post-operative mobilisation over the last 50 years. More recent manipulation of the sheath to improve results and the future possibility of manipulation of adhesions are discussed. It also discusses other factors, e.g., the patient, the experience of the surgeon, the use of therapists, the timing of repair, complex injuries, injuries in zones other than zone 2, which can have a bearing on the results and considers how these can be modified to avoid an unfavourable outcome.
Avoiding unfavourable outcomes in liposuction
Authors: Khanna Atul , Filobbos George
Published: September 2013

The origin of liposuction can be traced to an adverse event by Dujarrier in 1921 when he used a uterine curette to remove fat from the knees of a ballerina ending in an amputation secondary to damage of the femoral artery. The history of liposuction since then has been one of avoiding complications and optimising outcome. After this adverse event, liposuction was abandoned until the 1960′s when Schrudde revived the practice using small stab incisions and sharp curettage with the secondary suction to aspirate the freed tissue. This technique was associated with a high incidence of complications especially seroma and skin necrosis. Illouz then replaced the curette with a blunt cannula connected to vacuum pump thus avoiding the complications of a sharp curette. Despite the presence of various techniques for liposuction, suction assisted liposuction (SAL) is still the standard technique of liposuction. This article aims to discuss literature regarding the various aspects of liposuction (SAL) and to highlight the salient points in the literature and in the senior author′s experience in order to avoid unfavourable outcomes in liposuction. A literature review on avoiding complication is in liposuction including some of the seminal papers on liposuction. Liposuction is generally a safe procedure with reproducible outcome. Just like any surgical procedure it should be treated with the utmost care. Illouz published 10 commandments for liposuction in 1989 and we review these commandments to demonstrate how liposuction has evolved.
Unfavourable results in acute burn management
Authors: Bilwani P. K.
Published: September 2013

An etiology based classification has been devised to innumerate all possible unfavorable results (complications) which may occur during acute burn management. Various factors, right from the onset of burns, may affect the final outcome. These factors, starting from the onset of burns till the occurrence of complication, have been discussed in details. Unfavorable results in regional burns (chest, limb, eye, ear, and hand) have been discussed. Unfavorable results in various chemical burns have been described with necessary precautions to prevent. Various septic complications have been narrated and their prevention is also discussed.
Anaesthetic complications in plastic surgery
Authors: Nath Soumya Sankar , Roy Debashis , Ansari Farrukh , Pawar Sundeep T.
Published: September 2013

Anaesthesia related complications in plastic surgeries are fortunately rare, but potentially catastrophic. Maintaining patient safety in the operating room is a major concern of anaesthesiologists, surgeons, hospitals and surgical facilities. Circumventing preventable complications is essential and pressure to avoid these complications in cosmetic surgery is increasing. Key aspects of patient safety in the operating room are outlined, including patient positioning, airway management and issues related to some specific conditions, essential for minimizing post-operative morbidity. Risks associated with extremes of age in the plastic surgery population, may be minimised by a better understanding of the physiologic changes as well as the pre-operative and post-operative considerations in caring for this special group of patients. An understanding of the anaesthesiologist′s concerns during paediatric plastic surgical procedures can facilitate the coordination of efforts between the multiple services involved in the care of these children. Finally, the reader will have a better understanding of the perioperative care of unique populations including the morbidly obese and the elderly. Attention to detail in these aspects of patient safety can help avoid unnecessary complication and significantly improve the patients′ experience and surgical outcome.
Lake‐size dependent physical forcing drives carbon dioxide and methane effluxes from lakes in a boreal landscape
Authors: Kankaala Paula , Huotari Jussi , Tulonen Tiina , Ojala Anne
Published: September 2013

We studied the concentrations and diffusive fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) in 12 lakes in a size range of 0.004–35 km2 and mean total organic carbon (TOC) range of 6–25 mg L−1, located in the southern boreal area of Finland. TOC, mainly originating from the catchment, was the best predictor of concentrations and areal CO2 effluxes in the whole lake‐area range, but among the lakes with an area < 1 km2 having an anoxic hypolimnion during summer, the areal effluxes were also related to lake size and an index of turbulence. The concentration and areal effluxes of CH4 from the lakes' pelagic zones were related more closely to lake‐size‐related water column stability and turbulent mixing than directly to TOC. The total regional flux estimate from 619 lakes in the region of 1600 km2 showed that seven lakes with an area of 10–50 km2 were responsible for 57–69% of the pelagic CO2 effluxes and about half of the sum of pelagic and littoral CH4 effluxes from the lakes. The proportion accounted for by the small lakes (area < 1 km2) in the gas effluxes was 1.4–2.1 times higher, 18–26% for CO2 and 21–26% for CH4, than their areal proportion (12.5%) in the landscape, although numerically these small lakes predominate in the whole lake population (96%).
Sponges as important sources of nitrate on an oligotrophic continental shelf
Authors: Keesing John K. , Strzelecki Joanna , Fromont Jane , Thomson Damian
Published: September 2013

In situ field measurements of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) release by sponges in southwestern Australia revealed nitrate release rates of 0.022 to 0.743 µmol g dry weight−1 (dry wt) h−1 and ammonium release rates of between 0.002 and 1.366 µmol g dry wt−1 h−1. The highest and most consistent rates of nitrate release were among the Thorectidae (0.324 to 0.725 µmol g dry wt−1 h−1), while mycalid and verongid sponges were highly variable (0.024 to 0.743 µmol g dry wt−1 h−1). The ratio of nitrate to ammonium in released nitrogen ranged from 0.1 to 197.0, indicating a wide range of nitrogen release modes by sponges, from predominantly ammonium to very efficient nitrate producers. The study more than doubles the number of temperate sponge species recorded to release nitrate. Nutrient concentrations near the seabed sponge assemblages were higher at low wind speed (a proxy for turbulent mixing). These observations and our measurements of nitrogen release rates from sponges are consistent with the hypothesis that primary production in the region depends on wave‐induced mixing at the seabed for resupply of remineralized nitrogen to a nutrient‐impoverished water column and that sponges make an important contribution to these fluxes. Based on known biomass of sponges in southwestern Australia, we calculate that sponges may contribute DIN of 1.8 to 3.2 g N m2 yr−1. Taking into account the distribution of sponge habitat across the continental shelf to 100 m depth, this constitutes a contribution of 10% to 18% of the total recycled nitrogen flux required from the benthos to balance a regional nitrogen budget.
Distribution and expression of the cyanate acquisition potential among cyanobacterial populations in oligotrophic marine waters
Authors: Kamennaya Nina A. , Post Anton F.
Published: September 2013

We assessed the significance of cyanate utilization in marine primary productivity from the distribution of a dedicated transporter (encoded by cynABD) in different ocean environments. Several lines of evidence indicate that the cyanate utilization potential is associated mainly with surface populations of Prochlorococcus. Spatial and temporal dimensions of cynA, cynS, and ntcA expression by picocyanobacteria in the northern Red Sea supported our previous finding that cynA transcripts accumulate under more stringent N‐limiting conditions. At the same time, cyanate utilization appeared to be more complex than suggested in our earlier publication, as we showed that picocyanobacteria also express their cyanate utilization potential under conditions where labile organic N compounds, such as urea, accumulate. These include N‐sufficient transient conditions that result from nutrient upwelling during early mixing events in autumn as well as during spring bloom conditions that follow deep mixing events. Our finding that cynA occurrence is common in diverse marine environments suggests that cyanate utilization may be of a more fundamental importance to picophytoplankton productivity than previously considered.
New approach to analysis of voltammetric ligand titration data improves understanding of metal speciation in natural waters
Authors: Wells Mona , Buck Kristen N. , Sander Sylvia G.
Published: September 2013

In this study, previously published multiple analytical window datasets of competitive ligand exchange—adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry titrations for dissolved copper with salicylaldoxime as the competing ligand were reanalyzed. A new numerical method was applied, the Sander‐Wells (S‐W) method, which is able to simultaneously analyze multiple analytical window titrations as a unified dataset and calculate parameters for one to three ligand classes in the samples. The two datasets used were from separate sampling events at Dumbarton Bridge, San Francisco Bay. The aim of this study was to see if discrete ligand classes can be resolved from these data, and how these compare with results obtained by applying commonly used manual calculations of individual analytical window titrations separately: Scatchard and van den Berg/Ružic linearizations, and the Gerringa non‐linear regression. The united multiple analytical window dataset could only be analyzed simultaneously by the S‐W method, and two or three discrete ligand classes were resolved for each sample. Applying the four different data analysis methods independently to each of the five analytical windows resulted in solutions spanning a continuum of conditional stability constants and ligand concentrations. It was shown that the sensitivity S, as well as data structure and iterative optimization, are the major reasons for different results. This study demonstrates the utility of simultaneous analysis of multiple analytical window titration curves to better determine the distribution of trace metal species in aqueous systems and the advantages of adopting such a ‘unified data set’ approach over fitting individual titration curves.
Retroesophageal Right Subclavian Artery with Nonrecurrent Laryngeal Nerve: Unique Variation of Surgical Importance
Authors: Gupta Sumit , Naik Sudhir , Halkud Rajshekar , Nanjundappa A , Shenoy Ashok M , Chavan Purshottam , Naidu Kunal
Published: September 2013

A nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve (NRLN) is a rare anatomical variant and is not detected on routine preoperative imaging. NRLN is related with absence of the brachiocephalic trunk and aberrant retroesophageal course of the right subclavian artery (arteria lusoria) which is evident on contrast-enhanced computerized tomographic (CT) scan of the chest. We report three cases of NRLN accidentally documented during total thyroidectomies for papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. All the three NRLNs seen on the right side were of the type IB variety. All the three NRLN were seen with its direct branch from the vagus at the level of the isthmus entering the cricothyroid muscle 2.5 to 3 cm away from the vagus without a recurrent course. Reviewing of contrast-enhanced CT scan of the chest revealed retroesophageal right subclavian artery (arteria lusoria) a variation of type I variety was evident in all the three cases. NRLN is a rare anatomical variant and routine preoperative imaging studies are not indicated. The risk of injury to the nerve is nullified by routine dissection and identifying its course along the paratracheal region. NRLN is related with absence of the brachiocephalic trunk and aberrant (mainly retroesophageal) course of the right subclavian artery which is evident on contrast-enhanced CT scan of the chest. Expensive imaging modalities are not warranted to screen a variation which is less than 1%.

How to cite this article

Shenoy AM, Nanjundappa A, Halkud R, Chavan P, Gupta S, Naidu K, Naik SM. Retroesophageal Right Subclavian Artery with Nonrecurrent Laryngeal Nerve: Unique Variation of Surgical Importance. World J Endoc Surg 2013;5(2): 33-38.
Thyroid Carcinoma in Hot Nodules: Review of the Literature
Authors: Iranmanesh Pouya , Pusztaszeri Marc , Robert John , Meyer Patrick , Schiltz Boris , Sadowski Samira Mercedes , Goumaz Michel Olivier , Triponez Frederic
Published: September 2013

Thyroid hot nodules are virtually always considered benign. Rare cases of hot thyroid carcinoma exist. We briefly described a clinical case and performed a review of the literature. We performed an extensive research on medical databases, such as PubMed and compiled all published cases matching preset criteria defining true hot thyroid carcinomas as well as guidelines regarding their management. We analyzed 103 articles published over the past 50 years. We selected 16 articles, including 45 cases matching our criteria. The majority were follicular carcinomas. Papillary carcinomas were infrequently found in this setting. Recommended management and survival rates were similar to classical cold thyroid cancer. Although hot nodules should continue to be considered benign most of the time, rare cases of hot thyroid cancers exist and clinicians should not hesitate to ask for additional tests if they encounter any abnormal finding. This form of thyroid cancer can reasonably be managed the same way as the cold thyroid cancers.

How to cite this article

Iranmanesh P, Pusztaszeri M, Robert J, Meyer P, Schiltz B, Sadowski SM, Goumaz MO, Triponez F. Thyroid Carcinoma in Hot Nodules: Review of the Literature. World J Endoc Surg 2013;5(2):50-54.
Autoimmune Rheumatic Disease (Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis) associated with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Lal Geeta , Bhama Anuradha R
Published: September 2013

Autoimmune rheumatic diseases, such as polymyositis and dermatomyositis, have been demonstrated to carry a risk of the development of malignancy. Thyroid cancer is a rare occurrence in this setting; however, multiple cases have been reported. We present two cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma associated with dermatomyositis and polymyositis. The first patient is a 64-year-old female found to have papillary thyroid cancer after the diagnosis of polymyositis who underwent thyroid resection. The second patient is a 51-year-old male who was found to have synchronous papillary thyroid cancer and small cell carcinoma of the lung. He did not undergo thyroid resection due to widely metastatic lung cancer. We describe two cases of papillary thyroid cancer associated with autoimmune rheumatic disease. Though it is rare, thyroid cancer should remain in the differential diagnosis of a patient with new onset autoimmune rheumatic disease, as this may alter the eventual management of these patients.

How to cite this article

Lal G, Bhama AR. Autoimmune Rheumatic Disease (Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis) associated with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature. World J Endoc Surg 2013;5(2):55-58.
Recurrent Medullary Carcinoma detected by Gallium-68 Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Soydal Cigdem , Araz Mine , Kucuk Ozlem N , Ozkan Elgin , Demirer Taner
Published: September 2013

In this case, we would like to share our experience of a recurrent medullary thyroid cancer patient whose recurrence was detected by Ga-68 DOTATATE PET/CT.

How to cite this article

Soydal C, Ozkan E, Araz M, Kucuk ON, Demirer T. Recurrent Medullary Carcinoma detected by Gallium-68 Positron Emission Tomography. World J Endoc Surg 2013;5(2):59-60.
Gasless Transaxillary Thyroidectomy: A Technique of Endoscopic Thyroidectomy
Authors: Bhargav PRK
Published: September 2013

Various endoscopic thyroidectomy (ET) techniques ranging from video-assisted, total endoscopic, transaxillary endoscopic, robotic and chest wall approaches have been reported for thyroid surgery. They can be broadly divided in to gas-dependent and gasless approaches. Here, we describe our technique of gasless transaxillary thyroidectomy with synergistic benefits of open and endoscopic thyroidectomies.

How to cite this article

Bhargav PRK. Gasless Transaxillary Thyroidectomy: A Technique of Endoscopic Thyroidectomy. World J Endoc Surg 2013;5(2):61-63.
Nonrecurrent Laryngeal Nerve: A Nerve that needs Careful Dissection
Authors: Pradeep PV
Published: September 2013

How to cite this article

Pradeep PV. Nonrecurrent Laryngeal Nerve: A Nerve that needs Careful Dissection. World J Endoc Surg 2013;5(2):64
Delving Deeper: Geometry of the Fibonacci Matrix
Authors: Triplett Shawn
Published: September 2013

Diagonalization of the Fibonacci matrix ties the sequence to geometry.
Zerovalent Organometallics
Authors: Platt Andrew W.G.
Published: September 2013

The identification of lanthanide complexes by co‐condensation of metal atoms with carbon monoxide in matrix isolation experiments is described. Structures have been suggested on the basis of infrared spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. The reactions on lanthanide atoms with unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons led to the isolation of a variety of materials whose exact nature remains uncertain. Cyclooctatetraene forms ionic compounds with Ln
3+
ions as a result of its ability to form an aromatic dianion. The formation of bulk quantities of complexes with sterically demanding aromatic hydrocarbons and heteroaromatic compounds leads to sandwich‐type complexes. The compounds are thermodynamically stable for many of the lanthanides. The variations in stability have been correlated with the f→d promotion energy and the size of the lanthanide atoms. The compounds are all air and moisture sensitive, and other reactions such as substitution and reaction with compounds containing acidic hydrogen are described.
Photoluminescence of ZnO quantum dot films prepared by low temperature chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Kobayashi Kenkichiro , Tomita Yasumasa , Maeda Yasuhisa , Kohno Yosiumi
Published: September 2013

Films have been prepared at substrate temperatures of 125 to 200 °C by chemical vapor deposition. As a substrate temperature decreases, the grain sizes of the films are decreased. From transmission electron microscopic observation, the film grown at 125 °C is found to be constructed from ZnO quantum dots with 5 nm in diameter. Photoluminescence spectra in ultraviolet region at 40 K or less are assigned to both free electron‐acceptor and donor‐acceptor pair emissions, whereas photoluminescence spectra at temperatures higher than 50 K are due to the free electron‐acceptor emission. The peak energy of the free electron‐acceptor emission for the film deposited at 125 °C is 0.143 eV larger than that for the film deposited at 200 °C. The blue shift of the emission peak is ascribed to the quantum confinement effect. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of Monoacylglycerols on Kinematic Viscosity and Cold Filter Plugging Point of Biodiesel
Authors: Dunn Robert O.
Published: September 2013

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel composed of mono‐alkyl fatty acid esters made from the transesterification of plant oils or animal fats with methanol or ethanol. After conversion, biodiesel may contain trace concentrations of unconverted monoacylglycerols (MAG). These MAG have low solubility in biodiesel and may form solid residues when stored at cold temperatures. The present study evaluates the measurement of kinematic viscosity (ν) and cold filter plugging point (CFPP)‐time to filter (Δt) as parameters that predict the temperature where small concentrations of MAG may lead to formation of solids or other phase transitions that restrict the flow of soybean oil fatty acid methyl esters (SME) through filters and fuel lines. Mixtures of SME doped with MAG were prepared and ν and Δt were measured as the temperature decreased from 20 to below 0 °C. Results showed a correlation between ν and Δt that held for neat SME (SME without added MAG) and SME‐MAG mixtures as the temperature decreased to the threshold temperature (Tth). Sharp increases in Δt disrupted the correlation as temperature decreased below Tth. Furthermore, Tth generally increased as added MAG concentration increased in the mixtures.
Physicochemical Properties of Conjugated Linoleic Acid‐Rich Soy Oil
Authors: Ruan Chuan Min , Proctor Andrew
Published: September 2013

CLA‐rich soy oil (CLARSO) has been produced by linoleic acid isomerization in soy oil TAG. The objective was to determine the physicochemical properties of the novel CLARSO relative to conventional refined bleached deodorized soy oil (RBDSO). Iodine value decreased in CLARSO samples despite unsaturation being unchanged, probably because conjugated double bonds in triacylglycerol (TAG) of CLARSO impede the complete addition of iodine. Thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimetry showed the melting point temperature increased with the increase in the CLARSO CLA concentration, and melting point broadening occurred in CLA contained samples. Dynamic viscosity of CLARSO conducted from 4 to 44 °C increased with the increase in CLA concentration, relative to RBDSO. Greatest viscosity differences occurred at the lower temperatures. Refractive indices and density were not greatly affected. The change in physical properties was attributed to the increased intermolecular hydrophobic interaction force due to conjugated double bonds and trans,trans isomers, relative to RBDSO. This may provide hard fat characteristics that may be useful for use in producing margarine or shortenings. Furthermore, the higher viscosity at refrigerator temperatures may be useful in salad oil and refrigerated sauces to enable suspension of particles and maintain a rich, thicker texture.
Gifts of Money and Gifts of Time: Folk Religion and Civic Involvement in a Chinese Society
Authors: Hu Anning
Published: September 2013

Drawing on representative survey data collected in Taiwan, this study examines the effects on volunteering of Chinese folk religion. We find (1) practicing ancestor worship lowers people's likelihood of donating to secular groups while local deity worshippers are more likely to donate money to religious organizations. (2) Sectarian group membership can significantly promote members’ odds of volunteering in religious groups. (3) Individual folk religion is positively associated with the odds of religious giving and volunteering. (4) Individual folk religion adherents mainly donate to Buddhism, Taoism, and Folk Religion, but on an occasional basis.
God-Mediated Control and Optimism: Exploring Variations by Denominational Affiliation
Authors: Krause Neal , Hayward R. David
Published: September 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between feelings of God-mediated control and optimism in Conservative Protestants and individuals affiliated with all other denominations. God-mediated control is defined as the belief that problems in life can be overcome and important goals can be reached by working together with God. Findings from a nationwide survey of older people reveal that Conservative Protestants are more optimistic than people who affiliate with other denominations. Moreover, the results indicate that differences in optimism across the two groups can be explained to a significant extent by a stronger relationship between God-mediated control and optimism in the Conservative Protestant group.
Addressing career barriers for high risk adolescent girls: The PATHS curriculum intervention☆
Authors: Doren Bonnie , Lombardi Allison R. , Clark Julie , Lindstrom Lauren
Published: September 2013

The study evaluated a gender‐specific comprehensive career development curriculum designed to target career barriers faced by high risk adolescent girls – those with disabilities and at risk for school failure. The goal of the curriculum was to promote social cognitive career and self determination outcomes associated with adaptive career development and adjustment. A pre‐post control group design was used to evaluate the curriculum. Findings suggest that participation in the curriculum resulted in significant and large gains in autonomy and in disability and gender‐related knowledge. Meaningful gains were noted in perceptions of social support and relevance of school. Participants in a high fidelity sample made significant and large gains in vocational skills self‐efficacy and disability and gender‐related knowledge. Meaningful improvements were noted in self‐advocacy, autonomy, and vocational outcome expectations. The findings suggest that the curriculum can improve important indicators of positive career development and adjustment in high risk adolescent girls.
Therapists’ professional and personal characteristics as predictors of outcome in long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis
Authors: Heinonen E. , Knekt P. , Jääskeläinen T. , Lindfors O.
Published: September 2013

Background:

Whether long-term psychodynamic therapy (LPP) and psychoanalysis (PA) differ from each other and require different therapist qualities has been debated extensively, but rarely investigated empirically.

Methods:

In a quasi-experimental design, LPP was provided for 128 and PA for 41 outpatients, aged 20–46 years and suffering from mood or anxiety disorder, with a 5-year follow-up from start of treatment. Therapies were provided by 58 experienced therapists. Therapist characteristics, measured pre-treatment, were assessed with the Development of Psychotherapists Common Core Questionnaire (DPCCQ). General psychiatric symptoms were assessed as the main outcome measure at baseline and yearly after start of treatment with the Symptom Check List, Global Severity Index (SCL-90-GSI).

Results:

Professionally less affirming and personally more forceful and less aloof therapists predicted less symptoms in PA than in LPP at the end of the follow-up. A faster symptom reduction in LPP was predicted by a more moderate relational style and work experiences of both skillfulness and difficulties, indicating differences between PA and LPP in the therapy process.

Conclusions:

Results challenge the benefit of a classically “neutral” psychoanalyst in PA. They also indicate closer examinations of therapy processes within and between the two treatments, which may benefit training and supervision of therapists.
Cellular Reprogramming of Human Peripheral Blood Cells
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Bing
Published: September 2013

Breakthroughs in cell fate conversion have made it possible to generate large quantities of patient-specific cells for regenerative medicine. Due to multiple advantages of peripheral blood cells over fibroblasts from skin biopsy, the use of blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) instead of skin fibroblasts will expedite reprogramming research and broaden the application of reprogramming technology. This review discusses current progress and challenges of generating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from peripheral blood MNCs and of in vitro and in vivo conversion of blood cells into cells of therapeutic value, such as mesenchymal stem cells, neural cells and hepatocytes. An optimized design of lentiviral vectors is necessary to achieve high reprogramming efficiency of peripheral blood cells. More recently, non-integrating vectors such as Sendai virus and episomal vectors have been successfully employed in generating integration-free iPSCs and somatic stem cells.
Clinical Therapy Using iPSCs: Hopes and Challenges
Authors: Lu Xiao , Zhao Tongbiao
Published: September 2013

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are generated by ectopic expression of defined transcription factors in somatic cells. They can undergo unlimited self-renewal and maintain the embryonic stem cells (ESCs)-like ability to differentiate into all three germ layers. iPSCs can potentially provide unlimited autologous cells for therapy and therefore hold great promise for regenerative medicine. Here we reviewed the recent advances in iPSC studies on disease modeling and clinical treatment as well as challenges correlated with clinical development of iPSCs, like tumorigenicity, immunogenicity and genomic instability.
Sexually transmitted infections and women's sexual and reproductive health
Authors: Gottlieb Sami L. , Newman Lori M. , Amin Avni , Temmerman Marleen , Broutet Nathalie
Published: September 2013

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are widespread globally and result in a large burden of sexual and reproductive health consequences that disproportionately affect women, including pregnancy complications, cancer, infertility, and enhanced HIV transmission. A new WHO publication, available online, outlines key points of action and new and future technologies for global STI prevention and control. Highlights from the WHO publication are described in the present article.
Why the bride wears white: Grounding gender with brightness
Authors: Semin Gün R. , Palma Tomás A.
Published: September 2013

Two studies examine the grounding of gender by the alignment of the female–male with the bipolar dimension of light–dark (most likely due to sexual dimorphism in skin pigmentation). We hypothesized and showed that in a speeded classification task male names are processed faster when they are presented in a black typeface (Exp. 1) or a dark color (Exp. 2) than when they are presented in white or a light color, with the opposite pattern for female names. The applied relevance of these findings is investigated in study 3 where lightness and darkness of consumables are revealed to drive gender specific preferences for foods and drinks, with the lighter consumables being female and darker ones being male preferences. Study 4 shows that gender preferences for consumer goods are uniformly driven by whether the good is in black or white, the former being male and the latter being female preference. The implications of these findings are discussed for theory formation in relation to the grounding of abstract concepts and in terms of how to design targeted marketing of products.
Competent in Competition and Health: Das gesundheitsökonomische Forschungszentrum CINCH
Authors: Felder Stefan , Herr Annika
Published: September 2013

Einleitung

Kompetenz in den Bereichen Wettbewerb und Gesundheit ist Anspruch des gesundheitsökonomischen Forschungszentrums in Essen: CINCH – competent in competition and health. Mehr Wettbewerb im Gesundheitswesen kann den Zielkonflikt zwischen umfassender und qualitativ hochwertiger medizinischer Versorgung einerseits und Begrenzung von Kosten andererseits entschärfen. Wettbewerbsfragen liegen im Kernbereich gesundheitsökonomischer Forschung und werden im Rahmen von CINCH von zwei Nachwuchsgruppen und in ergänzenden Projekten untersucht.
Lebensqualität als Wettbewerbsvorteil in der frühen Nutzenbewertung
Authors: Klose Kristina , Witte Julian , Kreimeier Simone , Greiner Wolfgang
Published: September 2013

Einleitung

Patientenberichtete Endpunkte (Patient-Reported Outcomes, PRO), wie die gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität (Health-Related Quality of Life, HRQoL), finden zunehmend Berücksichtigung im Bereich der Evaluation von Arzneimitteln. In diesem Beitrag wird der Stellenwert der HRQoL als patientenbezogener Endpunkt bei der frühen Nutzenbewertung von (neuen) Arzneimitteln in Deutschland vor dem Hintergrund der bisherigen Erfahrungen aufgezeigt.