bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pemerolehan Pragmatik pada Anak Usia Tiga Tahun: Studi Kasus pada Amelia (The Pragmatic Acquisition of A Three-Year Old Child: A Case Study of Amelia)
Authors: Setyaningsih Nina
Published: October 2019

Penggunaan bahasa yang tepat harus diperoleh seorang anak karena kemampuan berbahasa yang baik tidak hanya terletak pada kepatuhan terhadap aturan gramatikal, tetapi juga pada aturan pragmatik. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi pemerolehan pragmatik anak Indonesia bilingual berusia tiga tahun melalui contoh kasus seorang anak bernama Amelia sebagai subjek. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik simak libat cakap, yakni penulis berpartisipasi langsung di dalam percakapan yang terjadi, dan teknik simak bebas libat cakap, yakni penulis tidak terlibat dalam percakapan (hanya menyimak). Ujaran yang telah direkam selanjutnya ditranskripsi. Analisis disajikan dengan mengikuti Dardjowidjojo (2000). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa banyak konsep universal yang dipatuhi oleh Amelia dalam pemerolehan bahasa. Ragam Bahasa yang diperoleh Amelia adalah ragam bahasa informal dalam bahasa Indonesia maupun bahasa Jawa. Bentuk wacana Amelia sudah mengikuti prinsip-prinsip keserasian, tetapi sering ada beberapa bagian yang kurang berterima bagi orang dewasa. Amelia juga berada dalam tahap pemerolehan pragmatik, yaitu menggunakan bahasa secara sosial dengan tepat, misalnya mengucapkan salam, menggunakan bentuk panggilan yang sesuai, dan kemampuan-kemampuan dalam menggunakan tindak ujar lokusi.Â The proper use of language must be obtained by a child because the good language skills lie not only in the obidience to grammatical rules, but also to pragmatic ones. This study explores the pragmatic acquisition of a bilingual Indonesian child aged three years old through a case of a child named Amelia as a subject. The technique of data collection used is simak libat cakap that is the writer participate directly in the conversation happening, and technique of simak bebas libat cakap that writer is not involved in conversation (just listening). The speech that has been recorded is transcribed. The analysis is presented following Dardjowidjojo (2000). The result shows that there are many universal concepts that Amelia obeys in her language acquisition. The language variation achieved by Amelia are both the formal variation of Indonesian and Javanese. The form of Ameliaâ€™s discourse has followed the principles of harmony, but there are often some parts which are unacceptable for adults. Amelia is also in the pragmatic stage of acquisition that is using language that is socially appropriate, such as greeting, using appropriate forms of calling, and the ability use the act of locution.
Sikap Bahasa Pambiwara Pernikahan Jawa dalam Pemertahanan Bahasa Jawa Kawi di Kecamatan Bendosari, Kabupaten Sukoharjo (Pambiwara Language Attitude of Javanese Wedding in Preserving Kawi Language at Bendosari, Sukoharjo)
Authors: Harsono Harsono
Published: October 2019

Pambiwara merupakan seseorang berketerampilan khusus dalam sastra dan bahasa Jawa yang mampu membawakan acara-acara di lingkungan masyarakat Jawa. Peran sentral pambiwara adalah membawa, mengatur, dan mengendalikan acara. Selain itu, juga bertugas mencitrakan mempelai (nyandra) dengan menggunakan kata dalam bahasa Jawa Kawi. Pada masa sekarang konsep pernikahan Jawa telah berubah dari konsep pernikahan yang klasik ke konsep semimodern. Hal ini mengakibatkan pambiwara harus mengubah sikap bahasanya untuk menyesuaikan keadaan. Penelitian ini berjenis deskriptif kualitatif melalui pendekatan ilmu sosiolinguistik. Penyediaan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode simak. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah metode padan dan distribusional (metode agih). Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penyajian hasil analisis adalah metode informal. Berdasarkan hasil kajian, ditemukan bahwa persentase penggunaan bahasa Jawa Kawi di kalangan pambiwara berbeda-beda. Persentase bahasa Jawa Kawi yang digunakan pambiwara adalah 3,3% dalam satu rangkaian acara pernikahan. Semakin besar penggunaan bahasa Jawa Kawi dalam distribusi tuturan pambiwara pernikahan Jawa, menunjukkan eksistensi dan wujud pemertahanan bahasa Jawa Kawi.Pambiwara is a person who has an ability in art and Javanese culture. Pambiwara has importance role in the Javanese wedding because he controls and arranges the wedding event in order to keep it running smoothly. Therefore, he has to master Javanese or Kawi vocabularies to create a wise word for the bride. Nowadays, the concept of Javanese wedding has changed from the classic to the modern event. It motivated the pambiwara to change their language attitude. This is a sociolinguistics descriptive qualitative research to analyze pambiwara language attitude. This research uses simak methode to collect the data. Meanwhile, it uses padan and agih methodes to analyze the data. The result shows that the percentage of Kawi that used by pambiwara is different. There are 3.3% of Kawi vocabularies that is used by pambiwara in each wedding event. The result also shows that the greater of the use of Kawi, it denotes the existance of Kawi language maintenance.
Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Berwawasan Literasi Baru di Perguruan Tinggi dalam Menjawab Tantangan Era Revolusi Industri 4.0
Authors: Ibda Hamidulloh
Published: October 2019

ABSTRAK Artikel ini membahas pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia berwawasan literasi baru di perguruan tinggi dalam menjawab tantangan era Revolusi Industri 4.0. Tantangan era ini sangat kompleks yang mengharuskan perguruan tinggi mengimplementasikan literasi baru (literasi data, literasi teknologi, literasi manusia) yang menjadi pelengkap literasi lama (membaca, menulis, berhitung). Artikel menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode studi pustaka ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia berwawasan literasi baru. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di perguruan tinggi berwawasan literasi baru sangat strategis menjawab tantangan Revolusi Industri 4.0. Implementasi literasi bisa dilakukan dengan penguatan literasi data, literasi teknologi, dan literasi manusia. Selain meningkatkan pemahaman mahasiswa pada materi kebahasaan, literasi baru meningkatkan keterampilan menulis dan berbicara berbasis data dan teknologi. Literasi baru menjadi ruh mahasiswa dalam menulis karya jurnalistik, karya ilmiah, dan karya sastra. Implementasi literasi baru sangat ditentukan dosen Bahasa Indonesia yang harus memiliki kompetensi digital, menciptakan pembelajaran kreatif dan berpikir kritis, serta berbasis online.Kata Kunci: Bahasa Indonesia, Literasi Baru, Perguruan Tinggi, Revolusi Industri 4.0Â ABSTRACTThis article discusses the learning of new literacy-oriented Indonesian Language in universities in answering the challenges of the fourth industrial revolution era. The challenge of this era is very complex which requires universities to implement new literacy (data literacy, technology literacy, human literacy) which complement old literacy (reading, writing, counting). The article uses a descriptive qualitative approach with this literature study method aimed at describing new literacy-oriented Indonesian language learning. The results of the study show that Indonesian language learning in new literacy-oriented universities is very strategic in responding to the challenges of the fourth industrial revolution. Literacy implementation can be done by strengthening data literacy, technology literacy, and human literacy. In addition to improving studentsâ€™ understanding of linguistic material, new literacy improves data and technology-based writing and speaking skills. Literacy has only become the spirit of students in writing journalistic works, scientific works, and literary works. The implementation of new literacy is very much determined by Indonesian language lecturers who must have digital competence, create creative learning and critical thinking, and online-based.Keyword: Indonesian Language, New Literacy, University, Fourth Industrial Revolution.
Kebutuhan Mahasiswa Asing KNB (Kemitraan Negara Berkembang) dalam Pembelajaran BIPA Di UPT Bahasa UNS Surakarta (The Needs of Foreign Students in BIPA Learning at UPT Bahasa UNS Surakarta)
Authors: Widhayani Arrie
Published: October 2019

This study aims to describe the needs of foreign students in BIPA learning at UPT Bahasa UNS Surakarta. The subjects of this study were foreign students of the KNB program (Developing Country Partnership). Data collection with questionnaires, interviews and documentation. The results of the study show that in general foreign students consider BIPA learning to be very helpful in academic fluency and communication. In addition, for foreign students BIPA learning also integrates Indonesian culture and language so that they consider the introduction of Indonesian culture to make it easier to learn Indonesian.
Rotas de Investigação sobre a formação do patrimônio cultural da Bahia
Authors: Ceravolo Suely
Published: October 2019

This paper analyses the studies that exist on the development of cultural heritage in Bahia via processes of musealization within the context of Museology, affiliated with the GP Bahia Museology Observatory, in the field of the History of Museology in Bahia (Department of Museology/PPG Museu/FFCH/UFBA – CNPq). Issues relating to research, the field of museology and cultural heritage in Bahia are evaluated based on the hypothesis that exhibits, museums and collections (both public and private) contributed to the development of support platforms for the construction of this heritage. The objective is to identify the variables, participants and entities that were involved in this historic process. The methodology based on the identification, cross-referencing and analysis of sources of information has brought to light details regarding Bahian institutions and personalities that are a response to local social and cultural demands. Finally, an overview is presented of the studies currently available to provide support to the paper’s historiographic focus.

Keywords: museology, exhibits, museums, collections, history of Museology in Bahia.
Patrimonialização: silêncios e escuta museológica
Authors: Teixeira Sid]elia
Published: October 2019

This article analyses the importance of integration between patrimonialization and Museology for social development. This research was carried out in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, in the do Abaeté and St. Bartholomew Metropolitan parks. The patrimonialization is analyzed in its sociological and anthropological dimension, considering it as part of the construction of citizenship. The methodological procedures adopted were bibliographical research, archiving, ethnographic observation and interviews. The results showed, on the one hand, an incomplete official patrimonialization, revealing tensions and difficulties in the dialogue between the institutional actors and local communities. On the other hand, patrimonialization although essential, must also respond to the museological demands of the social groups involved with the preserved heritage. There is also a further conclusion about how important it is that coordinated policies be formulated so as to make viable the integration patimonialization and museology as a means of stimulating local development.

Keywords: patrimonialization, museology, public policies, developme
A museologia e a construção de sua dimensão social: olhares e caminhos
Authors: Chagas Mario , Primo Judite , Storino Claudia , Assuncao Paula
Published: October 2019

To regard museology, in a special way, the so-called social museology or sociomuseology, conversing with ideas and notions that might be considered obvious, but which, perhaps, if examined by another angle, have something new to offer, is part of this essay’s objectives. Besides, it is relevant to ask: to whom is the obvious, obvious? Frequently, that which seems obvious to certain groups of specialists may not be obvious to a great majority of people. It’s in this sense that, wandering through obviousness, we may affirm that Social Museology or Sociomuseology did not arise out of nowhere and neither is it the result of illuminated intellectuals who brought out of themselves, of their essences, the museal or museistic light that was to illuminate the world; on the contrary, it emerged from wide-ranging discussions and clashes, of built-up of tensions, criticism, confrontations, experiences, reflections and practices that impacted museology and museums which had advanced from the 19th century into the 20th without submitting their paradigms to a critical analysis.In other words: social museology, or sociomuseology, is not the result of a theoretical construction that wants, at any cost, from the top down, to frame museums and different forms of thinking and practicing museology to its technical, scientific, artistic and philosophical dictates; on the contrary, it is a construction resulting from a specific historical context, that doesn’t have, and doesn’t want to have, a normative character; that presents singular answers to also singular problems and that, above all, explicitly assumes political and poetical commitments.

Keywords: Museology; social museology; sociomuseology; education; memory; social role of museums.
Por uma arquitetura ao serviço da museologia contemporânea
Authors: Moutinho Mario
Published: October 2019

A new generation of Museums organize and define their programs and targeted activities as a resource for development. They are concerned about the problems of the society in which they live, by promoting employment, fomenting new forms of tourism, revitalizing and creating new industries and reinforcing identities. Every day museums seek different forms of sustainability and are attentive to the promotion of human development and social and economic cohesion, demanding a new spatial organization. For these museums it will be obviously to seek a new architectural approach that takes account of the new museological realities. This is certainly the greatest challenge of contemporary architecture. Stop thinking only about traditional museums and develop a new approach to museums that are organized based on other concepts.

Keywords: Architecture, Museology, Sociomuseology, Social Museology
Development Of Appropriate Technology Adoption For Coffee Farmers In Sukawangi Village, Sumedang
Authors: Budiman Bentang Arief , Purnama Hari , Nugrahapraja Husna , Rasyid Muhammad Abdur , Daryono Putra Natas Setiabudhi , Suryani Sri Aswin , Nurillah Annisa Ratna , Zainuddin Ima Mulyama , Putri Rindia Maharani , Shalannanda Wervyan , Rahadi Raden Aswin
Published: October 2019

In this paper, the authors propose solutions to increase the added value of coffee in the form of the process of making the process of making coffee using appropriate technology adoption. This paper uses qualitative methods of locational survey and literature study. Survey activities are conducted in the form of interviews and observations. The team conducted interviews with coffee farming communities in the area and observed the conditions of coffee farming. The literature study was conducted by synthesizing literature reviews and continued by formulating the theory and principles of appropriate technology in the context of local agriculture in Sukawangi Village, Sumedang Regency, West Java. In this paper, the authors describe the solution proposals related to the problems of coffee farmers in Sukawangi, Sumedang. Two suggestions for increasing the value added of coffee beans are by using appropriate technology adoption. With both of these solutions, it is expected that the quality of coffee plantation in Sumedang can be increased and can be marketed in both domestic and international markets. As a result, the welfare of farmers in Sumedang will increase.
Implementasi Kebijakan Pemerintah Di Bidang Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap di Kabupaten Garut
Authors: Kartiwi Mulia , Hasyim Sartibi Bin
Published: October 2019

Pelaksanaan sertifikasi tanah selama ini dinilai masyarakat masih sulit, lama dan mahal. Oleh karena itu pemerintah berupaya melaksanakan program percepatan melalui Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap (PTSL) yang merupakan wujud pelaksanaan kewajiban pemerintah untuk menjamin kepastian dan perlindungan hukum atas kepemilikan tanah masyarakat. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analisis dengan metode pendekatan yuridis sosiologis yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi PTSL di Kabupaten Garut serta untuk mengetahui hambatan-hambatan yang terjadi dalam pelaksanaannya. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah implementasi kebijakan pemerintah tentang percepatan Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap di Kabupaten Garut dengan target 79.000 bidang tanah terdaftar pada tahun 2019 ini, pada kenyataanya belum dapat direalisasikan. Pelaksanaan PTSL yang dimulai bulan Januari sampai dengan pertengahan bulan September 2019 baru tercapai 74,07 % .Faktor penghambat dalam pelaksanaan program percepatan PTSLantara lain adalah :1).Penetapan lokasi tidak terpusat pada satu wilayah desa.2) Jumlah bidang tanah baru sebagian yang diukur dan didaftakan .3) Data penetapan calon peserta program tidak sesuai dengan data di lapangan.4) Keberatan dari pemilik tanah yang tidak masuk dalam lokasi PTSL.5).Keterbatasan Sumber Daya Manusia 6) Kurangnya koordinasi dengan instansi terkait. 7) Adanya pihak LSM yang ingin ikut terlibat dan kompromistis untuk penetapan lokasi PTSL.
Effect of ring size on photoisomerization properties of stiff stilbene macrocycles
Authors: Olsson Sandra , Benito Pérez Óscar , Blom Magnus , Gogoll Adolf
Published: October 2019

A series of stiff stilbene macrocycles have been studied to investigate the possible impact of the macrocycle ring size on their photodynamic properties. The results show that reducing the ring size counteracts the photoisomerization ability of the macrocycles. However, even the smallest macrocycle studied (stiff stilbene subunits linked by a six carbon chain) showed some degree of isomerization when irradiated. DFT calculations of the energy differences between the E- and Z-isomers show the same trend as the experimental results. Interestingly the DFT study highlights that the energy difference between the E- and Z-isomers of even the largest macrocycle (linked by a twelve carbon chain) is significantly higher than that of the stiff stilbene unit itself. In general, it is indicated that addition of even a flexible chain to the stiff stilbene unit may significantly affect its photochemical properties and increase the photostability of the resulting macrocycle.
Observation, Modern Light-curve Analysis, and 89 yr Period Study of the Short-period Algol, AE Cassiopeia
Authors: Samec Ronald G. , Chamberlain Heather , Caton Daniel B. , Faulkner Danny R.
Published: October 2019

AE Cas was observed some 40 yr ago by Srivastava & Kandpal and was analyzed by Kopal’s Fourier frequency -domain technique. No further precision observations have taken place until the present study, which represents the first modern synthetic analysis of light curves using the 2016 version of the Wilson–Devinney (W–D) Program. It was observed in 2015 October 2, 3 and 23, inclusive, at Dark Sky Observatory in North Carolina with the 0.81 m reflector of Appalachian State University and the 0.9 m reflector at Kitt Peak National Observatory remotely through the Southeastern Association for Research in Astronomy (SARA) consortia. V, R
c, I
c observations were taken. Five times of minimum light were determined from our present observations, which include three primary eclipses and two secondary eclipses. In addition, eight observations at minima were introduced as low weighted times of minimum light from archived All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae Variable Star Catalog (ASAS) data and 74 times of minimum light from the literature, some of which were from visual observations. This period study covers an interval of some 89 yr. The period was found to be decaying at a constant rate with a high level of confidence. A VR
c
I
c simultaneous W–D Program solution indicates that the system has a mass ratio somewhat less than unity (q = 0.856 ± 0.001), and a component temperature difference of ∼2060 K. A q-search was performed and the mass ratio minimized at the above value. The large temperature difference in the components verifies that the binary is not yet in contact. No spots were needed for the solution. The fill-out of our model is 83.2% for the primary component (smaller radius) and 99.1% for the secondary component. So, it is near a classical Algol configuration.
Teaching Caring to Nursing Students
Authors: Simonson Carol L S
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT

This article reports on phenomenological research designed to discover how caring was taught in a nursing education program. The basic questions were: 1) What is the meaning of caring to the faculty and students; 2) How do the faculty communicate this meaning to the students; and 3) How does this meaning shape the experience of the students? Data were collected from a small associate degree nursing program using: a) semi-structured interviews with all faculty and a selected group of students, b) classroom observations, and c) review of documents. Data were analyzed for and found to have content explaining the meaning of caring, how caring was being taught, and what students were learning about caring as the essence of nursing. Implications derived speak to the need for faculty and administrators to have caring as a way of being if they wish to communicate caring as the essence of nursing to students.
O ‘Grupo de Laerte’ e a escrita da história da educação (1962-1972)
Authors: Bontempi Jr. Bruno
Published: October 2019

: O artigo trata de uma experiência de pesquisa e escrita de história e filosofia da educação, que nos anos 1960 e 1970 tomou lugar na Universidade de São Paulo e nos Institutos Isolados de Ensino Superior, sob a orientação de Laerte Ramos de Carvalho. Esta experiência, que criou uma discernível tradição no campo de estudos historiográficos da educação brasileira, definiu seus temas à luz de problemas educacionais e políticos de seu tempo, assim como de concepções filosóficas, teorias da história, partições epistemológicas e disciplinares que então configuravam o modelo universitário. Pelo modo como se organizou para propor, produzir e divulgar a escrita da história, essa geração marcou esse campo em formação com características particulares, que incluem a preferência por determinados tipos de fontes, modos de periodizar e narrar os eventos históricos. A análise historiográfica proposta combina a compreensão textual e contextual dessa tradição, considerando as condições institucionais e disciplinares tanto quanto as ambiências social, intelectual e política em que essas narrativas se produziram.
COMPETÊNCIAS GERAIS DA BASE NACIONAL COMUM CURRICULAR E PARÂMETROS CURRICULARES NACIONAIS: CONTINUIDADE E CONSERVAÇÃO
Authors: Melchiotti Gonçalves Amanda , Guerra Dhyovana
Published: October 2019

A partir da compreensão de que a educação no atual contexto social expressa a relação antagônica entre Capital e Trabalho o presente artigo objetiva discutir quatro Competências Gerais da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), sendo: Conhecimento; Pensamento científico, crítico e criativo; Trabalho e projeto de vida; e Responsabilidade e cidadania e suas relações com os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN): Introdução de 1ª a 4ª série do Ensino Fundamental. Para tanto, são abordados aspectos da década de 1990, contexto de elaboração dos PCN e outros documentos produzidos em conformidade com as indicações dos Organismos Internacionais que têm orientado as Políticas Educacionais. Observa-se que os dois documentos abordados expressam finalidades comuns, voltam-se à aquisição de competências e capacidades para atuação no cotidiano, indicando o não rompimento da Política Educacional definida na década de 1990.
Apontamentos sobre educação de bebês e de crianças pequenas
Authors: Tunes Elizabeth , Prestes Zoia
Published: October 2019

No presente artigo, tomando por fundamento ideias e conceitos da psicologia histórico-cultural de Lev Semionovitch Vigotski, especialmente no campo da pedologia - ciência do desenvolvimento sistemático da criança, tecem-se algumas reflexões sobre educação e cuidados com bebês e crianças até os três anos de idade. São apontadas características importantes da consciência da criança bem pequena; em seguida, enunciam-se seus direitos e indica-se a necessidade de políticas mais vigorosas visando à sua garantia. Além disso, defende-se a importância de implementação de outros tipos de políticas públicas, além de creches, para a proteção da maternidade e da infância.Palavras-chave: Vigotski. Pedologia. Educação de bebês e crianças pequenas.
Teoria da brincadeira na psicologia histórico-cultural
Authors: Smirnova Elena , Riabkova Irina
Published: October 2019

O artigo expõe a teoria da brincadeira infantil de L. S. Vigotski de acordo com a qual o principal indício da brincadeira é a criação da situação imaginária e a substituição de objetos e personagens reais por imaginários. O texto mostra que a existência da brincadeira está ligada ao surgimento de afetos generalizados que fazem emergir a realização imaginária dos desejos infantis, ou seja, a unidade afeto e intelecto. Analisamos o papel da brincadeira com roteiro e a de papéis, de D. B. Elkonin - aluno e seguidor de Vigotski. São apresentados tipos de brincadeiras com roteiros (processuais, com papéis, dirigidas, de acontecimentos). Na parte final do artigo, são analisadas as principais diferenças dos estudos sobre a brincadeira entre a psicologia russa e a ocidental.Palavras-chave: Psicologia Histórico-Cultural. Brincadeira. Imaginação.
Formação da docência na Amazônia no período do regime militar
Authors: Da Costa Renato Pinheiro , Sousa Maria de Fátima Matos de , Castro Regina Celi Alvarenga de Moura , Silva Elaninses do Socorro Lima da
Published: October 2019

O presente artigo que objetiva discutir a formação de professores na região da Transamazônica e Xingu durante a ditadura militar, período de ocupação da região sudoeste do estão do Pará. Para tal finalidade utilizamos o método de pesquisa bibliográfica com apanhado histórico. Os resultados apontaram para uma desconstrução da ideia de empenho do Estado para a formação de professores nessa região, posto que nesse período de referência histórica essa política não foi realizada e minimamente cogitada na região. Conclui-se que em meio ao crescimento econômico e a existência do contingente de população na região amazônica, foram poucas as propostas por parte dos governos federal e estadual para a existência de uma educação institucionalizada na Transamazônica e Xingu, contribuindo para a presença maciça de professores leigos nas décadas de 1970 e 1980, nessa região.
Efficacy and safety profiles of programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 inhibitors in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer: A comprehensive systematic review
Authors: Lazarus Gilbert , Audrey Jessica , Iskandar Anthony William Brian
Published: October 2019

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with worse prognosis, with limited treatment regiments available and higher mortality rate. Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) or programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) showed great potentials in treating malignancies and may serve as potential therapies for TNBC. This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety profiles of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the treatment of TNBC. Literature search was performed via PubMed, EBSCOhost, Scopus, and CENTRAL databases, selecting studies which evaluated the use of anti-PD-1/PDL1 for TNBC from inception until February 2019. Risk of bias was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Overall, 7 studies evaluating outcomes of 1395 patients with TNBC were included in this systematic review. Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 showed significant antitumor effect, proven by their promising response (objective response rate (ORR), 18.5-39.4%) and survival rates (median overall survival (OS), 9.2-21.3 months). Moreover, anti- PD-1/PD-L1 yielded better outcomes when given as first-line therapy, and overexpression of PD-L1 in tumors showed better therapeutic effects. On the other hands, safety profiles were similar across agents and generally acceptable, with grade ≥3 treatment- related adverse effects (AEs) ranging from 9.5% to 15.6% and no new AEs were experienced by TNBC patients. Most grade ≥3 AEs are immune-mediated, which are manifested as neutropenia, fatigue, peripheral neuropathy, and anemia. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors showed promising efficacy and tolerable AEs, and thus may benefit TNBC patients. Further studies of randomized controlled trials with larger populations are needed to better confirm the potential of these agents.
Headloading in Africa: Preliminary findings on the locomotor effects of occupational headload carriage
Authors: Charteris J. A. , Scott P. A. , Wall J. C.
Published: October 2019

Headload walking is widespread in Africa, potentially medically harmful, but poorly understood. The present pilot study reveals what portions of the locomotor pattern deserve detailed further study. Basically under the headload condition, shorter, quicker more mincing steps are taken, raising the energy cost of locomotion. Shock-absorption mechanisms are impaired. Propulsive mechanisms are altered.
Cone Beam Computed Tomography Evaluation of Root Canal Anatomy in Primary Molars: An in vitro Study
Authors: Joshi Neelam , Poonacha KS , Bargale Seema , Naik Kishan , Mehta Dimple
Published: October 2019

Introduction

Endodontic treatment requires knowledge of root canal morphology and its commonly occurring variation. The utility and relevance of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to the practice of endodontics is reported with increasing frequency in the field of endodontics for successful procedures. Therefore, the present study is undertaken to assess the variation in number and morphology of the root canals of primary molars.

Materials and methods

Extracted primary molars with at least two-thirds of intact root, and 7 to 12 mm length were cleaned in water and stored in 0.5% sodium hypochlorite for 1 week. Thereafter, the anatomy of the root canals of these primary molars was assessed through CBCT.

Results

In the present study, the majority of canals were ribbon shaped. Accessory canals were few and maximum number was found to be present in mesiobuccal root of maxillary first molar and the least in mesiobuccal root of mandibular second molar.

Conclusion

The CBCT proved to be as accurate as the gold standard in studying the presence of accessory canals with clinical applicability. This study highlights the usefulness of CBCT imaging for accurate diagnosis of the unusual canal morphology.

How to cite this article

Joshi N, Deshpande A, Poonacha KS, Bargale S, Naik K, Mehta D﻿﻿﻿﻿. Cone Beam Computed Tomography Evaluation of Root Canal Anatomy in Primary Molars: An in vitro Study. Int J Clin Dent Res 2017;1(1):15-19.
Circummandibular Wiring: A Treatment Approach toward Management of Mandibular Fracture in Children
Authors: Singh Swati , Kumar Navin , Kumar Arvind , Syreen Shaguta
Published: October 2019

Understanding the repercussions of facial trauma on subsequent growth and the aftermath of the various methods of treating pediatric facial fractures is not something that those who treat adults have to take into account. Young bone possesses unique physical properties that coupled with the space-occupying developing dentition give rise to patterns of fracture not seen in adults. This results in a need for different forms of fixation for shorter periods of time. This case report documents trauma and follow-up care of a 4-year-old patient with mandibular fracture.

How to cite this article

Kumar N, Kumar A, Syreen S, Singh S. Circummandibular Wiring: A Treatment Approach toward Management of Mandibular Fracture in Children. Int J Clin Dent Res 2017;1(1):37-39.
Rehabilitation of Lower Anteriors with Implant Therapy in Localized Aggressive Periodontitis
Authors: Barot Varshal J
Published: October 2019

Periodontitis is the most common, destructive, inflammatory disease of supporting tissues of the teeth in humans, with profound effects on general health. Aggressive periodontitis (AgP) comprises a rare group of population, a rapidly progressing form of periodontitis, characterized by severe destruction of periodontal attachment apparatus and tooth loss at an early age. Considering the psychological problems that these patients have faced during the early stages of their life, the main aim of treatment is to achieve functional, esthetic, and phonetic rehabilitation. Dental implant is a widely used treatment option that provides functional and esthetic resolution. Implant placement in patients with a history of AgP might be considered a viable option to restore oral function; however, the risk for implant failure is significantly higher.

This report presents rehabilitation of lower anteriors with implant therapy in a 24-year-old systemically healthy male with history of localized AgP, who had previously received complete periodontal therapy for periodontal stabilization.

How to cite this article

Barot VJ. Rehabilitation of Lower Anteriors with Implant Therapy in Localized Aggressive Periodontitis. Int J Clin Dent Res 2017;1(1):40-44.
Gorlin–Goltz Syndrome: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Garg Sandeep , Bharti Rama , Jindal Govind , Kaur Supreet , Goyal Mehak , Pragati Gupta
Published: October 2019

Gorlin–Goltz syndrome is an uncommon autosomal dominant inherited disorder with complete penetrance and extreme variable expressivity. It is characterized by multiple odontogenic keratocysts and basal cell carcinomas; skeletal, dental, ophthalmic, and neurological abnormalities; intracranial ectopic calcifications of the falx cerebri, and facial dysmorphism. Due to importance of oral maxillofacial manifestations of this syndrome, it is important to know its characteristics in order to make diagnosis and to provide an early preventive treatment.

The purpose of this article is to present a report of two cases who reported to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, with features of Gorlin–Goltz syndrome in association with multiple odontogenic keratocysts in the maxillofacial region.

How to cite this article

Bharti R, Jindal G, Garg S, Kaur S, Goyal M, Gupta P. Gorlin–Goltz Syndrome: Report of Two Cases. Int J Clin Dent Res 2017;1(1):49-54.
Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy: Can We eradicate?
Authors: Munshi Sujal , Munshi Atul
Published: October 2019

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common type of anemia. Most of the anemic patients, especially women, suffer from mild to severe deficiency of iron. Almost 50% of all pregnant women experience IDA during their pregnancies, and at least 1 out of 5 of girls and women may experience it during their reproductive years. One complete eradication of IDA is not feasible but a try can help us on a long way. Only supplementation is not the answer. Going to the root cause, finding out current situation and managing accordingly by available resources is the correct answer.

How to cite this article

Munshi A, Munshi S. Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy: Can We eradicate? World J Anemia 2017;1(2):36-39.
Interações coloniais no Mediterrâneo global da Idade do Ferro
Authors: Hodos Tamar
Published: October 2019

A aplicação da teoria da globalização em contextos coloniais enfatizou, nos últimos anos, articulações entre colonizados e colonizadores. Para o Mediterrâneo na Idade do Ferro, o foco tem sido as expressões de identidades locais (colonizadas) e as variabilidades regionais de gregos e fenícios do além-mar. Qualquer atenção às interações que gregos e fenícios tiveram entre si durante esse tempo tem sido usada apenas para contrapor o enquadramento dos argumentos. O presente estudo examina o pano de fundo dessa circunstância tratando especificamente das interações entre tais culturas globais em escala mediterrânica durante o período de suas fundações ultramarinas. Vistos de um enquadramento global, os conjuntos de práticas em comum e de corpos de saberes compartilhados revelam uma profunda complexidade de contato intercultural durante a Idade do Ferro, lembrando-nos que as culturas nunca devem ser consideradas isoladamente.
Shifting tax burden to top income earners: what is the best way to reduce inequality?
Authors: Onrubia Jorge , Picos Fidel , Rodado María del Carmen
Published: October 2019

The authors analyze to what extent and how the tax burden should be shifted towards top income earners in order to reduce income inequality. Starting from Lambert and Aronson (Inequality decomposition analysis and the Gini coefficient revisited 1993) and Alvaredo (A note on the relationship between top income shares and the Gini coefficient 2011) decomposition by income groups, they prove that for three types of revenue-neutral linear personal income tax reforms (PIT) based on Pfähler (1984) the redistributive effect is always higher than before the reform; and when the size of the rich group is sufficiently small (e.g. 1%), the best option is allocating tax changes proportionally to net income, and the worst doing it proportionally to tax liabilities. An empirical illustration of the theoretical results is provided using micro data from the Spanish PIT.
Phase Separation and Development of the Microstructure for Stainless Steel to Copper Alloy Weld Joints Using a Fiber Laser
Authors: Medeiros de Carvalho Sheila , Humberto de Mota Siqueira Rafael , Sergio Fernandes de Lima Milton
Published: October 2019

Stainless steel and copper alloys joints are often applied in aerospace, marine and power industries where both high thermal and electrical conductivity (Cu) and corrosion resistance (steel) are required. In the aerospace industry, in particular for the combustion chamber of rocket engines, copper and steel combinations offer perfect materials selection due to their combined high thermal conductivity and good stiffness. In this work, laser welds were produced with intensity between 3.8 × 104 and 5.7 × 104 W/mm2 and a heat input between 72 and 108 J/mm, giving an aspect ratio of 1.8. The microstructure of the weld beads was marked by chemical heterogeneities due to the phase separation between Cu and Fe in the liquid state. The phase separation gave rise to globular precipitates which further transform due to a secondary precipitation at temperatures below 1000 °C. The steel side part of the weld presents around 20% Cu, leading to a liquation of the grain boundaries and cracking at high heat inputs. The hardness values situated between both base materials and the tensile shear behavior, when the weld is sufficiently tough, present strength up to 350 MPa and elongation up to 10%.
Single-Bus and Dual-Bus Architectures of Electrical Power Systems for Small Spacecraft
Authors: Gonzalez-Llorente Jesus Gonzalez-Llorente , Andrzej Lidtke Aleksander , Hurtado Ronald , Okuyama Kei-Ichi
Published: October 2019

Nowadays, it has become possible for universities and new businesses to launch satellites of reduced size and cost fulfilling viable missions. Nevertheless, there is still a considerable failure rate that reduces the expected lifetime of these spacecraft. One of the main causes of failure is the power system. Redundancy is one of the main options to enhance its lifetime and lower the failure rate. However, cost, mass, and complexity increase due to redundancy, making it more difficult to complete the projects. Thus, it is necessary to enhance the lifetime of power systems while keeping the development process simple and fast. This paper proposes two configurations of an electrical power system with duplicate components: single-bus configuration has been designed for a nanosatellite not yet launched and dual-bus configuration for a micro deep-space probe launched into a heliocentric orbit. The design and implementation of two dual electrical power systems are described; measurements and on-orbit data of the electrical power system of the micro deep-space probe are also presented, demonstrating that the dual-bus electrical power system can be successfully used in spacecraft. Lastly, conclusions regarding the redundancy considerations for small satellite electrical power systems are drawn based on these two examples.
The role of oestrogen and progesterone receptors in gigantomastia
Authors: Kasielska-Trojan Anna , Danilewicz Marian , Strużyna Jerzy , Bugaj Magdalena , Antoszewski Bogusław
Published: October 2019

Introduction

Gigantomastia is a rare condition characterised by excessive breast growth. The pathophysiology of mammary enlargement varies depending on the type of gigantomastia: gestational, juvenile virginal, or idiopathic. The study aimed at examining the receptor status (oestrogen receptor alpha [ERα] and progesterone receptor [PR]) of breast tissue in adult women with juvenile or idiopathic gigantomastia.

Material and methods

The study involved 70 women who underwent breast reduction due to juvenile or idiopathic gigantomastia. Control breast specimens were obtained from 18 female cadavers. ERα and PR expressions were detected immunohistochemically in breast gland samples.

Results

Categorised and uncategorised ERα and PR expression did not differ between women with gigantomastia and control women. It was found that in both groups weak (0–30%) ERα and PR expression was the most common. Analysis of categorised data also did not reveal any significant correlations between ERα or PR and the women’s age: for the whole group: p = 0.795 (ERα), p = 0.207 (PR), for women with gigantomastia: p = 0.934 (ERα), p = 0.43 (PR), and for control women: p = 0.638 (ERα), p = 0.805 (PR).

Conclusions

Gigantomastia is not caused by increased expression of ERα and PR. Analysing abnormal sensitivity of these receptors to hormones may be crucial in establishing the increased risk of breast cancer in women with gigantomastia.
IFN-γ +874 A>T (rs2430561) gene polymorphism and risk of pulmonary tuberculosis: a meta-analysis
Authors: Areeshi Mohammed , Mandal Raju , Dar Sajad , Jawed Arshad , Wahid Mohd , Lohani Mohtashim , Panda Aditya , Mishra B. , Akhter Naseem , Haque Shafiul
Published: October 2019

Introduction

The role of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) +874 A>T (rs2430561) gene polymorphism has been evaluated in different ethnicities with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) infection, and inconsistent results have been reported. In this study, a meta-analysis was performed to determine the precise association between IFN-γ +874 A>T gene polymorphism and PTB susceptibility.

Material and methods

A total of 21 studies comprising 4281 confirmed PTB cases and 5186 healthy controls were included in this meta-analysis by searching the PubMed (Medline), EMBASE, and Google Scholar web-databases.

Results

We observed reduced risk of PTB in allelic contrast (T vs. A: p = 0.001; OR = 0.818, 95% CI: 0.723–0.926), homozygous (TT vs. AA: p = 0.017; OR = 0.715, 95% CI: 0.543–0.941), heterozygous (AT vs. AA: p = 0.002; OR = 0.782, 95% CI: 0.667–0.917), dominant (TT+AT vs. AA: p = 0.002; OR = 0.768, 95% CI: 0.652–0.906), and recessive (TT vs. AA+AT: p = 0.042; OR = 0.802, 95% CI: 0.649–0.992) genetic models. In ethnicity-wise subgroup analysis, reduced risk of PTB was found in the Caucasian population. However, we did not find an association with any of the genetic models in the Asian population.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the IFN-γ +874 A>T gene polymorphism is significantly associated with reduced risk of PTB, showing a protective effect in the overall and in the Caucasian population. However, this polymorphism is not associated with PTB risk in the Asian population.
Sarcopenia is associated with increased severe postoperative complications after colon cancer surgery
Authors: Olmez Tolga , Karakose Erdal , Bozkurt Hilmi , Pence Halime , Gulmez Selcuk , Aray Emre , Bulut Can , Sert Ozlem , Polat Erdal , Duman Mustafa
Published: October 2019

Introduction

Studies have shown that sarcopenia is associated with poor outcomes in patients with gastrointestinal cancer undergoing surgery. We aimed to investigate the relationship between postoperative complications of sarcopenic patients who had been operated on for colon cancer and the effects on short-term mortality.

Material and methods

In this study, patients who had undergone colon cancer surgery between January 2013 and December 2018 were collected retrospectively. Sarcopenia was diagnosed by the skeletal muscle index (SMI) derived from a preoperative computed tomography scan. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine whether sarcopenia is associated with postoperative major complications (POMC).

Results

The study included 160 patients with a mean age of 62.4 ±12.6 years. Clavien-Dindo grade 1–2 (minor) complications were not significantly different between the groups (p = 0.896). However, grade ≥ 3 (major) complications were detected in 13 (17.8%) patients in the sarcopenic group (SG) and in 5 patients in the non-sarcopenic group (NSG) (5.7%) (p = 0.016). Length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay was longer in SG (p = 0.002) and there was no difference between 1-month and 6-month mortality rates (p = 0.273 and p = 0.402, respectively). According to univariate analyses, sarcopenia and age over 65 years were related to POMC. In multivariate analyses, sarcopenia (odds ratio = 3.039; 95% confidence interval 1.008–9.174; p = 0.048) and advanced age (odds ratio = 3.246; 95% confidence interval 1.078–9.803; p = 0.036) were found to be independent risk factors for POMC.

Conclusions

This study showed that while sarcopenia is a risk factor for POMC, sarcopenia also prolongs the duration of ICU stay. Also sarcopenia has no effect on short-term mortality.
Internalizing and externalizing behaviors in chronically ill adolescents in the context of family system functioning
Authors: Trawicka Agnieszka , Lewandowska-Walter Aleksandra , Bogdanowicz Marta , Woźniak-Mielczarek Lidia , Janikowska-Hołoweńko Dorota , Bilicka-Siewert Magdalena
Published: October 2019

Background

Diagnosis of chronic illness, which constitutes a life-threatening situation such as in Marfan syndrome or dis-ease with periods of remission and severity such as in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), leads to problems with the functioning of the adolescent and the whole family system. Therefore the aim of the study was to determine the differences in severity of internalizing and externalizing problems and in the perception of the family sys-tem between adolescents with Marfan syndrome, with JIA, and without chronic disease, as well as to determine whether characteristics of the family system are associated with externalizing and internalizing behaviors in those groups.

Participants and procedure

The study involved three groups of adolescents: 1) with Marfan syndrome (n = 25), 2) with JIA (n = 29), and 3) without chronic illness (n = 20). We used the adolescent version of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) Youth Self-Report (YSR) and the Family Assessment Scale.

Results

Our results indicated that adolescents with Marfan syndrome have similar scores compared to adolescents without illness on all subscales concerning both internalizing and externalizing behaviors, as well as the family system’s characteristics. Compared to adolescents with JIA, adolescents with Marfan syndrome had lower scores on externalization symptoms and Attention Problems and they also perceive their families as less bal-anced. Additionally, in the perception of adolescents with Marfan syndrome and with JIA the weaker the family bond, the stronger the intensity of externalizing behaviors.

Conclusions

Although in the light of our novel research, adolescents with Marfan syndrome do not present behavioral prob-lems different from healthy peers, it is worth continuing such research in order to verify the results. Adolescents with JIA present more externalizing behaviors than peers without chronic illness, which is consistent with some previous research. Research on families of an adolescent child with Marfan and JIA are quite novel and they should be continued.