bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep Adaptive Learning‐Based Beam Combining Framework for 5G Millimeter‐Wave Massive 3D‐MIMO Uplink Systems
Authors: Mahendran K. , Sudarsan H. , Rathika S. , Shankarlal B.
Published: December 2024

In today's wireless communication systems, the integration of 5G millimeter‐wave (mmWave) Massive Multiple Input–Multiple Output (M‐MIMO) technology offers significant advancements and capabilities that address the growing demand for higher data rates, increased capacity, and improved user experiences. In three‐dimensional (3D) environments, the design of beamforming for uplink multi‐user M‐MIMO relies on accurate uplink channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter/receiver. In fact, it is difficult for the Base Station (BS) and the User Equipment (UE) to obtain beam patterns due to computational complexity, multiple 3D beams, and regulating the weight of antenna elements, which leads to significantly low sum‐rate. Hence, a robust, deep adaptive learning framework in the case of 3D beamforming is needed. This paper proposes a deep adaptive learning‐based beam combining framework using User‐Wise Attention‐Assisted Deep Adaptive Neural Network (UWA‐DANN) for mmWave‐3DM‐MIMO systems. In this, a UWA mechanism learns a set of beam features and corresponding weights for each user. This mechanism allows the system to focus on different users independently and adapt the beamforming process accordingly. Also, it allows the network to dynamically focus on relevant information from the input channels and user constraints. To this end, a dynamic beam pattern is adapted using the DANN model to learn user positions, channel measurements, and beamforming weights. This approach learns to map input parameters such as user positions, channel measurements, and corresponding beam patterns to extract relevant features for beam pattern adaptation. Thus, the UWA‐DANN approach provides higher data rates, low complexity, and improved link stability for users. Experimental results show that the proposed UWA‐DANN model obtains robust performance over existing schemes in terms of achievable rate and sum‐rate under field trial sites in urban scenarios.
PCOT: An open‐source toolkit for multispectral image processing
Authors: Finnis James , Miles Helen C. , Ladegaard Ariel , Gunn Matt
Published: December 2024

PCOT is a Python program and library which allows users to manipulate multispectral images and associated data. It is in active development in support of the ExoMars mission and intended to be used on data from the Rosalind Franklin rover, but it has much greater potential for use beyond this specific context. PCOT operates on a graph model – the data are processed through a set of nodes which manipulate it in various ways (e.g. add regions of interest, perform maths, splice images together, merge image channels, plot spectra). A PCOT document describes this graph, and we intend that documents are distributed along with the data they generate to help reproducibility. PCOT is open‐source, and contributions can be made to the core software, as plugins, or by using PCOT as a library in your own code.
Beyond Focal Lesions: Dynamical Network Effects of White Matter Hyperintensities
Authors: Leone Riccardo , Geysen Steven , Deco Gustavo , Kobeleva Xenia ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: December 2024

White matter (WM) tracts shape the brain's dynamical activity and their damage (e.g., white matter hyperintensities, WMH) yields relevant functional alterations, ultimately leading to cognitive symptoms. The mechanisms linking the structural damage caused by WMH to the arising alterations of brain dynamics is currently unknown. To estimate the impact of WMH on brain dynamics, we combine neural‐mass whole‐brain modeling with a virtual‐lesioning (disconnectome) approach informed by empirical data. We account for the heterogeneous effects of WMH either on inter‐regional communication (i.e., edges) or on dynamics (i.e., nodes) and create models of their local versus global, and edge versus nodal effects using a large fMRI dataset comprising 188 non‐demented individuals (120 cognitively normal, 68 with mild cognitive impairment) with varying degrees of WMH. We show that, although WMH mainly determine local damage to specific WM tracts, these lesions yield relevant global dynamical effects by reducing the overall synchronization of the brain through a reduction of global coupling. Alterations of local nodal dynamics through disconnections are less relevant and present only at later stages of WMH damage. Exploratory analyses suggest that education might play a beneficial role in counteracting the reduction in global coupling associated with WMH. This study provides generative models linking the structural damage caused by WMH to alterations in brain dynamics. These models might be used to evaluate the detrimental effects of WMH on brain dynamics in a subject‐specific manner. Furthermore, it validates the use of whole‐brain modeling for hypothesis‐testing of structure–function relationships in diseased states characterized by empirical disconnections.
Enhancing Employee Outcomes Through Common Good Human Resource Management: Exploring the Role of Meaningfulness and Thriving
Authors: Lu Ying , Zhang Mingqiong Mike , Yang Miles M. , Li Teng
Published: December 2024

In the evolving landscape of human resource management (HRM), common good HRM (CG‐HRM) practices are increasingly recognized for their potential to align organizational goals with societal sustainability. Despite their importance, how CG‐HRM influences employee outcomes remain underexplored. Drawing on Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, this research explores the impact of CG‐HRM practices, conceptualized as critical organizational‐level resources, on employees' perception of meaningfulness of work. [Correction added on 20 December 2024, after first online publication: The definition of COR has been corrected in the preceding sentence.] This perception significantly affects employee thriving, which in turn fosters innovative behavior. Employing a multi‐wave, multisource survey design, we collected data from 45 firms in China, involving 82 executives and 206 employees, to test our conceptual model. The findings from a multilevel path model reveal that organizational CG‐HRM practices contribute to employees' perceived meaningfulness of work, which promotes employee thriving and subsequently innovative behavior at the organizational level, while meaningfulness also contributes to thriving and, thus, innovative behavior at the employee level. Our research enriches the COR theory and contributes to the HRM, thriving, and innovation literature, offering insights for future research and practical implications for organizations striving to align their goals with societal and environmental sustainability while nurturing a thriving workforce.
Establishing the Hydrological Controls on Water Surface Area Variations in Oxbow Lakes
Authors: Ahmed Joshua
Published: December 2024

Oxbow lakes are iconic fluvial landforms found in the floodplains of meandering rivers around the world. Their formation is associated with meander cutoff, a process that excises sections of river channel to optimise the downstream transmission of water and sediment. Overbank floods and conveyance through tie channels maintain some hydrological connectivity, but lakes are generally considered to passively infill until they are terrestrialised. Here, a suite of 64 lakes across two meandering rivers in the Bolivian Amazon Basin are used to demonstrate the hydrological dynamism of oxbow lakes by quantifying interannual variations in lake water surface area (WSA), using the modified Normalised Difference Water Index (mNDWI) on an archive of Landsat images, and evaluating the mechanisms controlling these changes using remotely sensed rainfall data and geospatial analysis. The majority of lakes (75%) decreased in size over the study period, while 25% increased in size. The results suggest that WSA variations are controlled by proximity to the active channel, with the magnitude of these variations being set by mechanisms of connectivity. Lakes connected by tie channels experienced WSA changes up to 3.9 times larger than lakes with no visible connection mechanisms. Incursion lakes displayed similar WSA changes to those with tie channels, while isolated lakes were found furthest from the mainstem and had the smallest range of WSAs. Chute lakes experienced a wider range of WSA change (−95% to +281%) and were more strongly controlled by mainstem proximity than neck lakes. Connectivity between the river and oxbow lakes is essential for governing lake hydrodynamics, and tie channels provide the critical conduit by which water can be transmitted deep into the floodplain.
A Personal Journey in Nanoscience via Developing and Applying Liquid Phase TEM
Authors: Zheng Haimei
Published: December 2024

Liquid phase TEM has attracted widespread attention in recent years as a groundbreaking tool to address various fundamental problems in nanoscience. It has provided the opportunity to reveal many unseen dynamic phenomena of nanoscale materials in solution processes by direct imaging through liquids with high spatial and temporal resolution. After my earlier work on real‐time imaging of the nucleation, growth, and dynamic motion of nanoparticles in liquids by developing high‐resolution liquid phase transmission electron microscopy (TEM) down to the sub‐nanometer level, I established my own research group at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab in 2010. My group focuses on developing and applying liquid phase TEM to investigate complex systems and reactions. We have studied a set of scientific problems centered on understanding how atomic level heterogeneity and fluctuations at solid‐liquid interfaces impact nanoscale materials transformations using advanced liquid phase TEM. This article describes my personal journey in nanoscience, highlighting the main discoveries of my research group using liquid phase TEM as a unique tool. Some perspectives on the impacts of liquid phase TEM and the future opportunities in nanoscience and nanotechnology enabled by liquid phase TEM are also included.
Are conductivity sensors useless for irrigators? Exploring measurement consistency around soil moisture thresholds relevant to different applications
Authors: Al‐Kilani Muhammad Rasool , Abdelal Qasem , Al‐Shishani Ghaith
Published: December 2024

The cheap conductivity‐based sensors favoured by farmers for soil moisture monitoring remain largely ignored by researchers because of their low accuracy, which results in high uncertainty regarding their utility for irrigators. In this work, conductivity measurements were compared with dielectric permittivity measurements in moisture ranges relevant to different applications. The results showed that the permittivity measurements captured moisture variability well (R2 > 0.8) throughout the full range tested (0%–35%), which is consistent with the literature. Conductivity measurements consistently distinguished dry from wet conditions (p < 0.0001) and reflected moisture variability in lower ranges (R2 > 0.5) but not in higher ranges (>20%). This is problematic because important monitoring thresholds such as field capacity and saturation are in the upper moisture ranges. Conductivity measurements were found to lack any meaningful utility in most applications except those relevant to distinguishing dry from wet conditions and indicating lower‐range moisture patterns, such as monitoring in arid environments. This gives some merit to conductivity sensors considering their very low cost if corrosion is minimised. The described evaluation approach is suggested as an example for developers, labs and extension services to better communicate potential sensor utilities and restrictions to practitioners to improve their accessibility to decision support technologies.
Association of Lipoprotein‐Associated Phospholipase A2 and Lipoprotein(a) With the Risk of Recurrence Stroke in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Feng Yu , Zhang Shenyang , Li Hailiang , Li Hao , Dong Ruiguo , Zhu Shiguang , Zhou Yanlong
Published: December 2024

Objective

It is still a major global challenge to reduce the high morbidity and mortality of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and improve the prognosis of patients. This study aims to investigate the prognostic value of lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 (Lp‐PLA2) combined with lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) for long‐term stroke recurrence in patients with AIS.

Methods

This study included 580 patients with AIS. Assessment of Lp‐PLA2 and Lp(a) levels was conducted upon patient admission. Continuous monitoring over the long term categorized stroke recurrence as an endpoint. Patients were categorized based on these identified thresholds to compare the risk of stroke recurrence: high Lp‐PLA2 and high Lp(a), high Lp‐PLA2 and low Lp(a), low Lp‐PLA2 and high Lp(a), and low Lp‐PLA2 combined with low Lp(a).

Results

Among the 580 participants, 101 individuals (17.41%) experienced stroke recurrence within the 2‐year follow‐up. The majority were male (61.39%), with a median age of 62 years (interquartile range: 55–69.5). Factors independently associated with heightened the risk of recurrence stroke comprised age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.025; p = 0.021), diabetes mellitus (HR, 1.751; p = 0.007), Lp‐PLA2 (HR, 1.004; p < 0.001), and Lp(a) (HR, 1.002; p < 0.001). Noteworthy is that the combination of Lp‐PLA2 and Lp(a) displayed superior predictive efficacy for long‐term stroke recurrence risk in AIS patients compared to individual factors.

Conclusion

This investigation underscores the potential advantage of leveraging the combined impact of Lp‐PLA2 in conjunction with Lp(a) as a more precise and cost‐effective predictive tool for the risk of recurrence stroke in patients with AIS.
Group diversity, diversity beliefs, and group processes in a design course for engineering students
Authors: Ping Cui , Kleingeld Ad , Hendrickx Marloes , Rispens Sonja , Taconis Ruurd
Published: December 2024

Background

The engineering profession has changed dramatically, and engineers today must work in diverse (multidisciplinary or international) groups. As such, practice in diverse student groupwork can be beneficial to develop all‐round skillsets. However, simply mixing students with different backgrounds into one group is not always effective in engineering group projects.

Purpose

This study investigates how a diverse student group composition is related to group processes and, subsequently, group output, and also to see whether students' positive diversity beliefs influence the relation between diverse student group composition and group processes.

Method

Multilevel analyses were performed on 124 groups to analyze associations between diversity in group compositions (nationality and gender diversity), group processes (task elaboration, shared understanding of the task, and trust in the group), and group outcomes (performance and satisfaction), at both the individual and group level. Positive diversity beliefs were included as moderators.

Results

We found negative group‐level associations between nationality diversity and shared understanding of the task and trust in the group. On the individual level, we found students' relative positive diversity beliefs to be positively associated with their perceptions of all group processes, which, in turn, were positively associated with perceived group performance and satisfaction.

Conclusions

A student group with different nationalities may encounter challenges in group processes, although we did not find direct implications for group performance and group‐level satisfaction. Individual student perceptions of group processes were more clearly associated with outcomes than group‐level aggregates. To facilitate diverse student groupwork, educators need to pay attention to and enhance students' awareness of the value of working in a diverse group.
The Effect of Immediate Dentin Sealing Using Different Universal Adhesives on the Bond Strength of Pretreated Monolithic Zirconia to Dentin and Microscopic Morphological Alterations
Authors: Fazlioglu Leyla , Oglakci ozkoc Burcu , Tagtekin Dilek
Published: December 2024

This study evaluated the effects of immediate dentin sealing (IDS) using different universal adhesives on microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of pretreated monolithic translucent tetragonal polycrystalline zirconia‐based CAD/CAM restoration to dentin and microscopic morphological alterations. Mid‐coronal dentin were obtained from 32 human molars and randomly allocated into 8 groups according to the presence/absence of IDS, universal adhesives for IDS (Single Bond Universal/SBU, Clearfil Quick Bond/CUQ, Optibond Universal/OBU) and zirconia surface pretreatments (tribochemical silica coating‐30 μm CoJet particles/TSC, sandblasting‐50 μm Al2O3/SB): Group TSC, Group TSC+SBU, Group TSC+CUQ, Group TSC+OBU, Group SB, Group SB+SBU, Group SB+CUQ, Group SB+OBU. CAD/CAM restorations (Lava Plus High Translucency Zirconia Disc) were produced, luted, and subjected to 10.000 thermocycles (5°C–55°C). Zirconia–dentin bars (2 × 2 × 8 mm) were subjected to μTBS test (n = 16). Surface morphology of zirconia and zirconia–dentin interfaces were analyzed under SEM (n = 1). Two‐way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests were used for statistical analyses (p < 0.05). Regarding the presence of IDS, Group TSC + OBU showed statistically higher μTBS than Group TSC (p < 0.05). Comparing the IDS applied groups, Group TSC+OBU and Group SB+OBU showed statistically higher μTBS than Group TSC+CUQ and Group SB+CUQ, respectively (p < 0.05). According to the surface pretreatments, no significant differences in μTBS were found (p > 0.05). A thick, intact hybrid layer with long resin tags were observed for Group TSC+OBU and Group SB+OBU. After tribochemical silica coating or sandblasting pretreatments of monolithic zirconia, IDS procedure with Optibond Universal could affect the bond strength to dentin and morphological appearance, positively.
Band Gap Engineering of Binary and Cobalt‐Doped PbS Thin Films Integrated by SILAR Method for Optoelectronic Potentials
Authors: Fazal Tanzeela , Mahmood Sajid , Ismail Bushra , Shah Mazloom , Zidan Ammar , Bahadur Ali , Iqbal Shahid , Rizwan Komal , Alam Shahid , Ali Fayyaz , Farouk Abd‐ElAziem , Aloufi Salman
Published: December 2024

Thin films of PbS, both undoped and cobalt‐doped (Co‐PbS), were produced on glass substrates using the straightforward and controllable approach of sequential ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR). The reactive substances employed to deposit the PbS thin films were lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2), cobalt nitrate (Co(NO₃)₂(H₂O)₆), sodium thiosulphate (Na2S2O3) and H2O for different dipping concentrations of lead and cobalt. The films were adherent to the substrate and were compact, and crack‐free with a shiny silver color. The films were structurally characterized by XRD and were found well crystallized according to the face‐centered cubic formation. The films were optically characterized by the UV–Vis. spectrophotometer and absorption were found stronger in the UV and UV–Vis. region and then diminishes. Band gaps were determined to be between 1.8 eV and 2.2 eV, making them significant materials with the option of band gap engineering according to the desire by manipulating the compositions.
Kinetic and Isothermal Analysis of the Adsorptive Elimination of Direct Yellow 26 Dye Utilizing Activated Bioadsorbent From Textile Effluent
Authors: Ahmad Mirza Nadeem , Nadeem Sohail , Javed Mohsin , Zidan Ammar , Anjum Muhammad Naveed , Farid Muhammad Fayyaz , Bahadur Ali , Iqbal Shahid , Mahmood Sajid , Farouk Abd‐ElAziem , Aloufi Salman
Published: December 2024

Due to their widespread usage in recent years, synthetic dyes may be difficult to remove and pose a health concern. Bioadsorbents proved a low‐cost and sustainable method for dye removal. In this study, straight yellow 26 is extracted from textile effluent using sugarcane bagasse. Sugarcane bagasse was treated with propionic acid to enhance the adsorption capability and 0.25 mm particle size was used for further studies which was confirmed by BET analysis. Standard solutions of direct yellow 26 dye were prepared from 10 to 100 ppm concentrations and absorbance was recorded with the help of a UV visible spectrophotometer. After optimizing different parameters (concentration of dye and bioadsorbent dose, pH, time, and particle size), the studies explored that the maximum dye removal percentage was 89% obtained at pH 3, contact time 120 min, particle size 0.25 mm, high adsorbent, and low concentration of dye solution. The kinetic studies were also employed to comprehend the adsorption isotherm and Freundlich isotherm that revealed the pseudo‐first‐order adsorption process.
A Case of Severe Post‐Biopsy Bleeding and Perforation in Gastric Amyloidosis
Authors: Matsuyama Sho , Fukuda Akihisa , Yamakawa Go , Ueo Taro , Seno Hiroshi
Published: December 2024

We herein describe a case of severe post‐biopsy bleeding and perforation in gastric amyloidosis. A 70‐year‐old man who had been on dialysis underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy and biopsy was performed. Post‐biopsy bleeding occurred, and three times of coagulation hemostasis and once clip hemostasis were performed. After the hemostasis, he eventually had a gastric perforation and omental patch surgery was performed, however, he passed away after the surgery. From the pathological finding of biopsy specimen, he was diagnosed with gastric amyloidosis caused by dialysis‐related amyloidosis. In patients of amyloidosis, the risk of bleeding and perforation is elevated due to vascular and tissue fragility. Therefore, when performing hemostasis in patients with gastrointestinal amyloidosis, clip hemostasis which minimizes tissue damage is considered preferable to coagulation hemostasis.
Integrative Analysis Identifies NSUN2 as an Essential Coordinator for Glioma Malignancy and Glucose Metabolism
Authors: He Yuze , Yuan Yunbo , Ji Linzi , Shu Yuting , Wang Zhihao , Zhang Shuxin , Yang Wanchun , Chen Mina , Liu Yanhui
Published: December 2024

Background

Glioma, particularly glioblastoma, is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor, with poor prognosis due to its metabolic heterogeneity. NSUN2, an m5C RNA methyltransferase and direct glucose sensor, has been implicated in various malignancies, but its role in glioma remains unclear.

Methods

Bioinformatic analysis was performed on multiple public databases and our glioma dataset from West China Hospital (WCH). In vitro experiments were conducted to assess the effects of NSUN2 knockdown on glioma cell proliferation, migration, and chemotherapeutic sensitivity. Transcriptomic analysis was employed to obtain mechanistic insights.

Results

NSUN2 expression was significantly upregulated in gliomas and correlated with higher tumor grade and poor prognosis. NSUN2 knockdown reduced glioma cell proliferation, migration, and increased sensitivity to temozolomide. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that NSUN2 knockdown downregulated key genes involved in glioma progression. Mechanistically, NSUN2 positively regulates the activity of mTORC1 signaling, as indicated by phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein and 4EBP1. Moreover, NSUN2 overexpression reciprocally increased tumor volume compared with controls, indicating NSUN2 promoting glioma cell proliferation in vivo.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight NSUN2 as a critical regulator of glioma malignancy. Targeting NSUN2 disrupts key pathways in glioma progression, suggesting it as a promising therapeutic target. Our work underscores the potential of NSUN2 inhibition to enhance treatment efficacy and improve patient outcomes in glioma.
The Complementary Use of Raman, ATR‐FTIR Spectroscopy, and Chemometrics for Investigating the Deterioration of Artificially Aged Parchment
Authors: Malea Ekaterini , Boyatzis Stamatis C. , Karlis Dimitris , Palles Dimitrios , Boghosian Soghomon , Zervos Spiros
Published: December 2024

Among the materials constituting our cultural heritage, parchment has a significant role as the substrate of many archival documents. The assessment of its state of preservation has an important benefit to conservation and delineates the adequate preventive measures that would lead to better‐controlled storage and exhibition conditions in museums and libraries worldwide. In the framework of this project, artificial aging of 48 new goat parchment samples was performed to induce deterioration similar to naturally aged parchment exposed to atmospheric pollutants. Five factors have been examined: relative humidity; NO2; SO2; exposure time, and the order of sequential exposure to NO2 and SO2. Temperature was kept constant at 25°C, while the effect of the above‐mentioned factors was examined at two levels (low and high). Statistics was involved in advance in the experimental design. Raman spectroscopy along with attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy were used to investigate the condition of collagen in parchment. The entire set of environmental factors along with detected changes in the spectra were investigated through a chemometrics scheme involving analysis of variance (ANOVA). According to the results, the onset of collagen's secondary structure decomposition was observed. Statistical elaboration of data reveals that the two analytical methods (Raman and ATR‐FTIR) function in a complementary manner related to the molecular changes and the chemical reactions that happen. In conclusion, both methods can increase their impact on the investigation of parchment degradation if they are combined with other analytical methods and chemometric applications.
Co‐Creation of Societal Benefits Through Human‐Centered Design and Management of Dynamic Capabilities in Oyster Farm Communities
Authors: Aitken James , Böhme Tillmann , McAsh Ewan
Published: December 2024

This paper explores how business reconciles the perceived conflicting demands of social and profit logic to deliver value to shareholders and the wider community it serves. Through a human‐centered design lens, the paper identifies co‐creation as pivotal in the design of the business model that delivers social and economic value. Empirical data from an aquaculture SME case study was collected and analyzed to comprehend the role of social good in the development of the business model. The results demonstrate that societal improvements can be achieved when concurrently considered and designed into each stage of the business model development. The findings reveal that technology when deployed within the context of economic and societal improvements has the potential to support businesses in organizing services that deliver economic, societal, and environmental benefits. Replicating this approach requires organizations to develop a deep understanding of the social context that their customers operate within.
Feeding broccoli stems and leaves meal to 94‐ to 100‐week‐old layers increases carotenoid content in eggs
Authors: Peña Guadalupe , Liu Yanhong , Blatchford Richard , King Annie J.
Published: December 2024

Background

Byproducts of broccoli floret production, stems and leaves meal (BSLM), could be fed to older layers, likely increasing production and egg quality. However, BSLM contains glucosinolates, possibly unpalatable and harmful to layers at high concentrations.

Results

A corn‐soy control diet (n = 55) and an experimental diet (n = 55) containing 15 g kg−1 BSLM and 2.37 g kg−1 excess protein compared with the control were fed to non‐molted 94‐ to 100‐week‐old layers, genetically bred for high livability and production. Significance was assessed at p ≤ 0.05. Egg production was lower (p < 0.01) for the control compared with the experimental diet. For weeks 4–6, the experimental diet produced a lower (p ≤ 0.05) ADFI and FCR compared with itself and the control at weeks 0–2. FCR was lower (p ≤ 0.05) for the experimental diet. ADFI, egg weight, Haugh unit, and shell beak force were statistically similar. Yolks from the experimental diet had greater xanthophyll content (p ≤ 0.001) and color (p ≤ 0.01) but not greater ascorbic acid. Zeaxanthin in eggs from the experimental diet was temporally reduced.

Conclusions

Variations of N in BSLM or other byproducts collected over large acreage should be considered when formulating diets. A follow‐up study across layer age and breeds should ascertain the effect of quantities of various dietary constituent (protein, BSLM, and fiber alone and in combinations) on production and carotenoids in eggs at 2‐week intervals. Studies involving heating methods and consumption of BSLM eggs and subsequent uptake of xanthophylls and carotenes by humans may help determine the value of these eggs for human health. Assessment of physiological conditions for layers fed broccoli at 15.00 g kg−1 in the diet will ensure lack of harmful effects for younger and older layers.
Comparison of Different High‐Speed Countercurrent Chromatography Injection Modes for the Separation of Glabridin
Authors: Wang Sheng‐Bing , Yang Kun , Wang Xing‐Cui , Li Shu , Wang Ning‐Li , Pei Dong , Pu Lu‐Mei , Huang Xin‐Yi
Published: December 2024

In this work, different injection modes (single injection, overlapping injection, and continuous injection) of countercurrent chromatography were used and compared for the isolation and purification of glabridin from the crude extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra. The two‐phase solvent system consisting of n‐hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (5:4:5:4, v/v) was employed as stationary and mobile phases. Compared with single injection mode, both overlapping injection and continuous injection modes exhibited higher separation efficiency at the same sample loading capacity. Their total separation times were 89.68% and 53.97% of the single injection mode, and the total solvent consumption were 74.88% and 52.49% of the single injection mode, respectively. Meanwhile, the yield, purity, and recovery rate of these three injection modes were almost the same. It was demonstrated that high‐speed countercurrent chromatography in continuous injection mode was the most effective way for separating glabridin in three methods and it can be further applied to the separation of other economically valuable natural products.
Exploring the Differences of Chemical Components of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Powder Decoction and Pieces Decoction Based on UHPLC‐Q‐Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS and Network Pharmacology
Authors: Deng Hanxiu , Huang Shuteng , Wei Xia , Zhao Xue , Zhang Ruyue , Zhang Zhonglei , Zhang Zhenmin , Li Ning , Zhang Jiayu
Published: December 2024

Taking Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP) as an example, it is proved that there are differences between the powder decoction and pieces decoction of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In this study, an ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole exactive orbitrap MS/MS (UHPLC‐Q‐Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS) method was established to characterize 80 chemical components of CRP. The content of components was compared based on extraction rate, alcohol solubility rate, and mass spectrum peak area. The result showed that the content in CRP powder decoction was generally higher than that in CRP pieces decoction. The principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares‐discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA) were used to distinguish between the two decoctions. In addition, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) were used as a model to investigate whether the increased content of components has practical significance. Network pharmacology screened five core targets of CRP in CVDs. The results of molecular docking indicated that the binding energies were all ≤ −5.0 kcal/mol between effective compounds (M34, M57, M80, etc.) and key targets (Akt1, SRC, ESR1, EGFR, and PTGS2) with good affinity. These results provide an important reference for further development and use of CRP powder decoction.
Systematic Profiling and Quantitative Comparison of Chemical Components in Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma From Different Habitats and Growing Periods Based on Ultra‐High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography With Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Wu Didi , Qu Cheng , Yu Daixin , Yang Fan , Wu Qinan
Published: December 2024

Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma, a traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used to treat various ailments such as pulmonary abscesses, measles pneumonia, and swelling. Its notable therapeutic effects are closely related to the chemical constituents, making it crucial to conduct in‐depth research on the chemical components. In this study, a total of 209 compounds were preliminarily identified using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry in Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma. Subsequently, a method was established using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐triple quadrupole/linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of 24 main ingredients (flavonoids and phenolic acids) in Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma from different habitats and growing periods. Quantitative results showed that different compounds displayed varying contents across different habitats, with catechin, epicatechin, procyanidin B2, and procyanidin C1 being relatively abundant. Principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis showed there were significant differences among Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma from different habitats, and the quality from Yunnan was superior. Entropy weight TOPSIS analysis showed that Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma grown until late October has better comprehensive quality, which is basically consistent with the traditional harvesting time. In summary, this study can provide reference methods for the comprehensive evaluation of the quality of Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma.
Development and Validation of a Sensitive LC–MS/MS Method for Determination of Lenvatinib and Its Major Metabolites in Human Plasma and Its Application in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Guan Shaoxing , Yuan Guosheng , Bi Guofang , Yu Qingqing , Fang Jian‐Hong , Chen Jinzhang , Bi Huichang
Published: December 2024

Lenvatinib has been demonstrated effective in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamics behavior of lenvatinib and its metabolites remains unclear. To investigate the pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamics behavior of lenvatinib and its active metabolites in advanced HCC patients, it is important to develop a simple and rapid method to analyze the exposures of lenvatinib and its metabolites in human samples. Here, we established and validated a simple and rapid method for determining lenvatinib and its three major metabolites, descyclopropyl lenvatinib (M1), O‐demethyl lenvatinib hydrochloride (M2), and lenvatinib N‐Oxide (M3) by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method. Lenvatinib and its main metabolites were separated on an X‐Terra RP18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, 3.5 µm) at 35°C within 3 min, and the analytes were isocratically eluted with the mobile phase of methanol–water (10:90, v/v) containing 0.1% of formic acid at a flow rate of 0.15 mL/min. The calibration range was 1–1000 ng/mL for lenvatinib, while 0.1–100 ng/mL for M1–M3 under positive electrospray ionization mode. The inter‐ and intra‐batch precisions and accuracy were acceptable for lenvatinib and its metabolites. This method was successfully applied to measure lenvatinib and its metabolites in plasma samples from HCC patients, which provides a robust tool for pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamics studies of lenvatinib.
Differential impacts of pH on growth, physiology, and elemental stoichiometry across three coccolithophore species
Authors: Chauhan Nishant , Rickaby Rosalind E. M.
Published: December 2024

Coccolithophores are pivotal players in ocean biogeochemistry, yet the impact of changing pH on the physiology of different species remains unclear as there has been a dominant focus on Gephyrocapsa huxleyi. Meta‐analyses of existing experimental data are challenging due to the differences in multidimensional culture conditions. This study investigated the response of three species—Gephyrocapsa huxleyi, Coccolithus braarudii, and Chrysotila carterae—under varying CO2 conditions (via pH). The sensitivity to pH differed between species, but all species showed reduced growth rates under the highest CO2 (lowest pH) treatment possibly due to high [H+]‐related inhibition. Low pH impacted cellular physiology and elemental stoichiometry, while the impact of high pH was less adverse. The changes in elemental production induced by low pH could exert a negative influence on the contribution of coccolithophores to nutrient and carbon export, especially for biogeochemically relevant open‐ocean species. pH also affected coccolith formation, especially in C. braarudii, through CO2 limitation at high pH and low calcite saturation state at low pH. Contrasting species‐specific pH sensitivities highlighted the potential for species like G. huxleyi to further outperform others like C. braarudii in an acidic ocean. Literature synthesis showed that coccolithophores show a broad CO2 optimum, although growth rates and particulate inorganic carbon to particulate organic carbon ratios consistently declined with increasing CO2. Strain‐specific CO2 optima partly contributed to the variability within responses of individual species, giving the misleading perception of a broad species‐level CO2 optimum. Strain‐specific optima exist possibly due to their adaptation to carbonate chemistry conditions at the place of origin.
Patterns of siderophore production and utilization at Station ALOHA from the surface to mesopelagic waters
Authors: Bundy Randelle M. , Manck Lauren E. , Repeta Daniel J. , Church Matthew J. , Hawco Nicholas J. , Boiteau Rene M. , Park Jiwoon , DeLong Edward F. , Saito Mak A.
Published: December 2024

The North Pacific subtropical gyre is a globally important contributor to carbon uptake despite being a persistently oligotrophic ecosystem. Supply of the micronutrient iron to the upper ocean varies seasonally to episodically, and when coupled with rapid biological consumption, results in low iron concentrations. In this study, we examined changes in iron uptake rates, along with siderophore concentrations and biosynthesis potential at Station ALOHA across time (2013–2016) and depth (surface to 500 m) to observe changes in iron acquisition and internal cycling by the microbial community. The genetic potential for siderophore biosynthesis was widespread throughout the upper water column, and biosynthetic gene clusters peaked in spring and summer along with siderophore concentrations, suggesting changes in nutrient delivery, primary production, and carbon export seasonally impact iron acquisition. Dissolved iron turnover times, calculated from iron‐amended experiments in surface (15 m) and mesopelagic (300 m) waters, ranged from 9 to 252 d. The shortest average turnover times at both depths were associated with inorganic iron additions (14  9 d) and the longest with iron bound to strong siderophores (148  225 d). Uptake rates of siderophore‐bound iron were faster in mesopelagic waters than in the surface, leading to high Fe : C uptake ratios of heterotrophic bacteria in the upper mesopelagic. The rapid cycling and high demand for iron at 300 m suggest differences in microbial metabolism and iron acquisition in the mesopelagic compared to surface waters. Together, changes in siderophore production and consumption over the seasonal cycle suggest organic carbon availability impacts iron cycling at Station ALOHA.
Photoperiods and light differentially influence growth and potential niches of phycocyanin‐ and phycoerythrin‐rich picocyanobacteria
Authors: Śliwińska‐Wilczewska Sylwia , Konik Marta , Savoie Mireille , Aguilera Anabella , Omar Naaman M. , Campbell Douglas A.
Published: December 2024

Strains from the picocyanobacteria genus Synechococcus are currently found across a wide range of photoperiods and photosynthetically active radiation. Future scenarios now forecast range expansions of marine Synechococcus into new photic regimes. We found that strains of temperate, coastal phycocyanin‐rich and phycoerythrin‐rich Synechococcus grew fastest under moderate photosynthetically active radiation, and a 24‐h photoperiod, despite a cumulative diel photon dose equivalent to conditions where growth was slower, under higher light and shorter photoperiods. Under optimal conditions, a phycoerythrin‐rich Synechococcus strain achieved a highest recorded cyanobacterial chlorophyll‐specific exponential growth rate (μ) of 4.5 d−1. Two phycoerythrin‐rich strains demonstrated wider ability to modulate light capture capacity, whereas two phycocyanin‐rich strains showed less change in light capture across increasing cumulative diel photon dose. All four coastal strains showed a decrease of effective absorption cross‐section for photosystem II photochemistry, vs. increasing cumulative diel photosynthetically active radiation doses. Within each strain, μ showed consistent, saturating responses to increasing cumulative diel photosystem II electron flux, with more variations in responses of μ to cumulative photosynthetically usable radiation. As photoperiod opportunists, coastal picocyanobacteria show potential to expand into longer photic regimes as higher latitudes warm.
Shifting phenology as a key driver of shelf zooplankton population variability
Authors: Honda Isabel A. , Ji Rubao , Britten Gregory L. , Thompson Cameron , Solow Andrew R. , Zang Zhengchen , Runge Jeffrey A.
Published: December 2024

The timing of biological events, known as phenology, plays a key role in shaping ecosystem dynamics, and climate change can significantly alter these timings. The Gulf of Maine on the Northeast U.S. Shelf is vulnerable to warming temperatures and other climate impacts, which could affect the distribution and production of plankton species sensitive to phenological shifts. In this study, we apply a novel data‐driven modeling approach to long‐term datasets to understand the population variability of Calanus finmarchicus, a lipid‐rich copepod that is fundamental to the Gulf of Maine food web. Our results reveal how phenology impacts the complex intermingling of top‐down and bottom‐up controls. We find that early initiation of the annual phytoplankton bloom prompts an early start to the reproductive season for populations of C. finmarchicus in the inner Gulf of Maine, resulting in high spring abundance. This spring condition appears to be conducive to enhanced predation pressure later in the season, consequently resulting in overall low C. finmarchicus abundance in the fall. These biologically controlled dynamics are less pronounced in the outer Gulf of Maine, where water exchanges near the boundary have a greater influence. Our analysis augments existing hypotheses in fisheries oceanography and classical ecological theory by considering unique plankton life‐history characteristics and shelf sea dynamics, offering new insights into the biological factors driving C. finmarchicus variability.
Improving Perception Threshold Tracking for Rapid Evaluation of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Klit Frederik Østergaard , Bollerslev Vitus Milver , Borbjerg Mette Krabsmark , Røikjer Johan , Ejskjær Niels , Mørch Carsten Dahl
Published: December 2024

Introduction/Aims

Accurate assessment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is essential to prevent further complications, yet current methods have limitations. Perception threshold tracking (PTT) offers promise as a novel approach for rapid evaluation of both large and small fiber dysfunction. To enhance efficiency, this study explores the Psi method compared to the Method of Limits (MoL) in estimating perception thresholds. The aim is to assess agreement, uncertainty, and the number of stimuli required for adequate estimation by each method.

Methods

Forty‐three participants with diabetes underwent an estimated sural nerve conduction study, quantitative sensory testing, vibration perception threshold testing, and PTT. PTT utilized both patch and pin electrode configurations to activate large and small fibers, respectively. The uncertainty of perception thresholds was estimated as the inverse slope of the psychometric functions.

Results

Perception thresholds were significantly higher for the patch electrode (2.5 [2.1–3.0] mA) compared to the pin electrode (0.71 [0.56–0.91] mA; rmANOVA, p < 0.001). Bland–Altman analysis revealed a non‐significant 3.3% bias between the methods, but wide limits of agreement (−42%–84%). Uncertainty was lower for the Psi method (0.80 [0.58;1.11] mA) compared to MoL (2.0 [1.2;2.9] mA; rmANOVA, p < 0.005). The Psi method achieved acceptable perception threshold estimation with only 30 stimuli.

Discussion

At the group level, the MoL and Psi methods produced similar perception thresholds. However, the Psi method required fewer stimuli and yielded less uncertainty in perception threshold estimation compared to MoL. Future studies should prioritize the Psi method for its efficiency and reliability.
Recent Advances in Multifunctional Naturally Derived Bioadhesives for Tissue Engineering and Wound Management
Authors: Jafari Aliakbar , Al‐Ostaz Ahmed , Nouranian Sasan
Published: December 2024

Recent advancements in naturally derived bioadhesives have transformed their application across diverse medical fields, including tissue engineering, wound management, and surgery. This review focuses on the innovative development and multifunctional nature of these bioadhesives, particularly emphasizing their role in enhancing adhesion performance in wet environments and optimizing mechanical properties for use in dynamic tissues. Key areas covered include the chemical and physical mechanisms of adhesion, the incorporation of multi‐adhesion strategies that combine covalent and non‐covalent bonding, and bioinspired designs mimicking natural adhesives such as those of barnacles and mussels. Additionally, the review discusses emerging applications of bioadhesives in the regeneration of musculoskeletal, cardiac, neural, and ocular tissues, highlighting the potential for bioadhesive‐based therapies in complex biological settings. Despite substantial progress, challenges such as scaling lab‐based innovations for clinical use and overcoming environmental and mechanical constraints remain critical. Ongoing research in bioadhesive technologies aims to bridge these gaps, promising significant improvements in medical adhesives tailored for diverse therapeutic needs.
Prenatal‐Postnatal Outcomes and Prognostic Risk Factors of Fetal Volvulus: Analysis of 26 Cases
Authors: Taşdemir Ümit , Eyisoy Ömer Gökhan , Gezer Murad , Celayir Ayşenur , Eriç Özdemir Mucize , Demirci Oya
Published: December 2024

Objective

The aim of the current study was to reveal ultrasonographic and clinical features, prenatal–postnatal outcomes and prognostic risk factors of fetal volvulus.

Method

This retrospective study evaluated all cases of fetal volvulus diagnosed between 2018 and 2024 at the Perinatology center of Zeynep Kamil Women and Children Diseases Training and Research Hospital. In the vast majority of cases, the pediatric surgery team confirmed the conclusive diagnosis of volvulus during the postnatal period. The cohort was divided into two groups, the “survivor” and “deceased”, in order to compare the outcome and to evaluate factors determining the outcome.

Result

A total of 26 cases of fetal volvulus were followed up in our perinatology center which were confirmed by postnatal pediatric surgery or autopsy. Termination of pregnancy in two cases and intrauterine fetal death in one case were observed. Twenty‐three cases reached live birth. Preterm labor, fetal growth restriction, ascites and decreased intestinal peristalsis were significantly more common in the deceased group. Neonatal death in five cases (19.2%), infant death in four cases (15.3%) and short gut syndrome in three cases (11.5%) were long term outcomes.

Conclusion

Overall mortality rate may increase when fetal growth restriction, ascites, and decreased intestinal peristalsis are present with volvulus.