bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating the Returns to Schooling: A Comparison of Fixed Effects and Selection Effects Models for Twins
Authors: Agyeman A.
Published: September 2020

Strong empirical links exist between the number of years spent schooling and earnings. How­ever, the relationship may be masked due to the effect of unobserved factors that influence both wages and schooling. Two of the main econometric models, namely fixed-effects and se­lection-effects, used to analyse returns to schooling were compared using monozygotic and di­zygotic twins’ datasets in Ghana. The efficiency of the models was assessed based on the stan­dard errors associated with the return to schooling estimates. Goodness of fit measures was used as a basis for comparison of the performance of the two models. The results revealed that based on their standard errors, the regression estimates from the selection effects model (MZ = 0.1014±0.0197; DZ = 0.0947±0.0095) were more efficient than the regression estimates from the fixed-effects model (MZ = 0.1115±0.0353; DZ = 0.082±0.0127). However, the AICc values of the fixed effects model (MZAICc = 57.8 and DZAICc = 105.4) were smaller than the AICc values of the selection effects model (MZAICc = 151.6 and DZAICc = 221.6). Findings from the study indicate that, although both models produced consistent estimates of the economic returns to schooling, the fixed effects model provided a better fit to the twins’ data set.
Road Use Behaviour of Urban Primary School Children in Ghana: Case Study of Ablekuma South Education Circuit of Metropolitan Accra
Authors: Yankson I. K. , Nsiah-Achampong N. K. , Yeboah-Sarpong A.
Published: September 2020

School children form majority of injured children on Ghanaian roads. The objective was to observe the road use behaviour of public primary school pupils in Ablekuma Education Circuit, Accra. This unobtrusive observational study targeted Primary one to six pupils. Five behaviours were studied: Walking while crossing road; Stopping at the kerb; Looking left-right-left before crossing; Keep looking left-right-left while crossing and Facing traffic while walking. 882 pu­pils on their way to or from school were observed from eight schools. A little over two in three children stopped at the kerb before crossing the road while almost three in four children looked for cars before stepping off the kerb. A little over three in four children walked while crossing and less than one in four children kept looking while crossing. Not looking for cars before crossing, not facing on-coming traffic and not keeping looking for cars while crossing, were more associated with boys than girls (p < 0.001; 95%CI in all cases). Girls behaved significant­ly more safely than boys. In stopping at the kerb, there was no difference in gender behaviour (p < 0.135; 95%CI). Child Road Safety Education in Schools and Communities is recommended.
Detection of Human Genotype “B” Giardia lamblia in Ghanaian Cattle from Frafraha in Adentan Municipality of Ghana
Authors: Mensah G. T. , Narh C. A. , Brown C. A. , Ayeh-Kumi P. F. , Frempong I. O.
Published: September 2020

Giardia duodenalis is a common intestinal parasite in humans, a wide range of domesticated and wild animals. There are human and animal specific, as well as zoonotic pathogenic gen­otypes. It is not clear whether livestock in close proximity to humans could be infected with human specific genotypes, and vice versa. In this study, Giardia-positive faecal samples were collected from both humans (n = 4) (from Maamobi Polyclinic in the Ayawaso Sub- Metro) and calves (n = 8) (from Animal Research Institute Farms, Adentan Municipality), in Ghana. Nested PCR amplification using Giardia-specific, Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) genes and Tri­osephosphate isomerase (TPI) gene primers for human and animal faecal samples respectively was carried out. Results showed that 100% of the calves carried the TPI-B genotype, which is a common pathogenic genotype in humans. This report is based on the unusual results obtained as Giardia duodenalis genotype B is known to occur in humans but is being observed in calves for the first time. This suggests that calves in close proximity to humans could be reservoirs and sources of human Giardia infections.
Investigating the Relationship between Diabetes and Alzheimer’s Disease:
Authors: Sahrawat Tammanna R. , Dwivedi Jyoti
Published: September 2020

Ageing is associated with a number of diseases. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and diabetes are among such most common diseases. These two diseases are considered to be fundamentally similar disorders because they share some common elements, though they differ in the time of onset, tissues affected as well as the magnitudes of their specific traits. The present study was undertaken to prospect the association between the genes involved in Diabetes and AD; and their common pathophysiology. Using a network system biology approach, the genes common between Diabetes and AD were retrieved from DisGeNET database. The common genes were analysed using in silico tool, Cyctoscape’s various plug-ins, ClusterONE, CytoHubba, ClueGO and CluePedia. Eleven genes which can act as potential marker for both Diabetes and AD namely IL4, ICAM1, ALB, INS, CSF2, IL6, TNF, IL10, GAPDH, TLR4, and AKT have been identified in the present study. This is the first study of its kind in which relationship between Diabetes and AD has been investigated to identify their common genes, which can help in better understanding of pathophysiology of these age-related diseases.
Pedagogical Considerations of E-Learning in Education for Development in the Face of COVID-19
Authors: Ananga Patricia
Published: September 2020

Education undergoes changes in globalization which makes it necessary to link people's lives towards development through teaching and learning. This paper explores the pedagogical issues of e-learning in education for development. With the growth of technologies and the fast pace at which Internet usage is spreading worldwide, there is a change in education demand and supply. Demographic changes resulting in increased populations in some contexts pose challenges for Higher Education (HE) regarding the demand for and supply of education especially amidst the global challenge of COVID-19. HE institutions are exploring and adopting instructional modes to manage the changing demands of education as they deal with various challenges especially, with COVID-19. E-learning is one of such modes. This study reviewed literature on the concept pedagogy, the concept of e-learning, theories of learning and their implications to e-learning, contributions of e-learning in education and a discussion around them. It revealed that the contribution of e-learning is a spotlight on learners' needs as they are the focus of all educational processes. The review finally concludes that e-learning should become an option for higher education delivery and recommended the need for instructors to be committed and motivated for effective instructional delivery.
College Students’ Views on the Pandemic Distance Education: A Focus Group Discussion
Authors: Tümen Akyıldız Seçil
Published: September 2020

The COVID-19 is a deadly pandemic that has affected every aspect of life including education. The schools have been closed to prevent the spread of the virus, and they have converted their system into distance education. Completing the semester there is a need to address the problematic issues in the new system to develop it for future implementations. Thus the current research aimed to examine the perceptions of Turkish university students on the pandemic distance education period.  In particular, this research addressed the following research questions: (1) How has the COVID-19 pandemic affected your life in general? (2) What do you think about web-based pandemic education that you have? (3) What are your suggestions on future distance education implementations? It was conducted by focus group discussion. The researcher carried out the discussion via Skype one of the best ways in pandemic period. The 12 undergraduates were determined randomly and voluntarily from each grade. A number of issues that were obtained from the discussion were identified through qualitative content analysis. The findings have revealed that most of the participants were affected by the pandemic period negatively feeling anxiety, despair, and boredom. It is apparent from the findings of the second research question that pandemic education process has had its weaknesses rather than its advantages such as lack of interaction, and communication which lead the students to isolation, problems about exams, traditional educational habits, the load of assignments, and time management. The advantages on the other hand have been flexibility of time and place, students’ having more responsibilities in learning and comfort in exams. The suggestions of the participants are also worth to note like instructors’ changing their way of lecturing, their perspectives as educators, and the way of assessment. It is hoped to contribute to the current distance education literature with its worthwhile results.
A Case Study of Students’ and Teachers’ Perceptions in a Finnish High School during the COVID Pandemic
Authors: Niemi Hannele Marjatta , Kousa Päivi
Published: September 2020

This study describes one local upper secondary school in Finland during the COVID-19 pandemic. All teaching was changed to distant for around two months. The study describes students’ and teachers’ perceptions during that time. Participants responded to the survey four times and freely described their experiences five times. The number of participants varied from 56 to 72 students and 9 to 15 teachers at different times. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, and qualitative content analysis. The main findings indicate that distance teaching was implemented very successfully. However, open comments and cluster analysis revealed many challenges. Students complained of heavy workloads and fatigue. Some students lost motivation. These difficulties did not disappear over time. The main challenges for teachers included non-authentic interaction and a lack of the spontaneity that in-person teaching provides. Teachers quickly learned to use technological platforms, but interaction through it was not of as high quality. Teachers were also worried about students’ progress. Teachers did not recognize students’ heavy workload and motivation problems in the way that students described them. The study provides several recommendations for future remote teaching.
Caracterização da fauna de Collembola em diferentes formações vegetais no município de Santa Bárbara, estado do Pará, Brasil
Authors: Martins Andreza Mesquita , Gutjahr Ana Lúcia Nunes , Braga Carlos Elias Souza
Published: September 2020

Collembola apresenta grande importância na ciclagem de nutrientes, sendo indicador da qualidade ecológica do solo. O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a abundância e a riqueza da fauna de Collembola nas fitofisionomias de floresta primária, plantação de dendê e sistema agroflorestal, no município de Santa Bárbara, Pará. Foram realizadas quatro expedições de coletas, duas na estação chuvosa e duas no período mais seco da região. As amostras foram obtidas através da armadilha de pitfall, totalizando 144 exemplares. A identificação e a obtenção de dados quantitativos da colembofauna foram feitas em nível de família. Nas fitofisionomias, foram coletados 86.770 espécimes de colêmbolos, classificados em 15 famílias. A maior abundância de colêmbolos foi registrada na floresta primária, com 19.245 espécimes no período chuvoso, enquanto no período menos chuvoso o destaque foi para a plantação de dendê, com 22.322 espécimes. Observou-se que a maior riqueza de famílias ocorreu no ambiente de floresta primária, sendo as mais representativas Paronellidae e Neanuridae, com, respectivamente, 17.145 e 9.545 espécimes. O estudo evidenciou a variabilidade na composição de famílias da colembofauna e gerou novas informações sobre a abundância e a riqueza dos grupos taxonômicos nas fitofisionomias estudadas.
Estudo comparativo da fauna de comensais nos formigueiros de três espécies de grande tamanho da mirmecofauna brasileira (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Moreira Ivone De Jesus Sena , Cruz Charles Darwin Ferreira , Fernandes Anny Kelly Cantanhede , Delabie Jacques Hubert Charles , Castaño-Meneses Gabriela , Mariano Cléa Dos Santos Ferreira
Published: September 2020

O ambiente interno de um formigueiro mantém condições homeostáticas, permitindo a sobrevivência de outros animais, além de a colônia ser um lugar complexo e com um sistema bem estruturado de defesa. Ninhos de formigas se tornam adequados para a sobrevivência e a reprodução de inúmeros organismos, que podem utilizá-los apenas como abrigo ou até mesmo se alimentar dos restos das formigas. Os substratos de formigueiros de Dinoponera lucida, Dinoponera gigantea (Ponerinae) e Paraponera clavata (Paraponerinae) foram coletados nos municípios de Belmonte, Bahia, e Caxias, Maranhão. Foram, assim, amostrados três ninhos de D. lucida, quatro de D. gigantea e um de P. clavata. Os animais de maior tamanho foram coletados diretamente no substrato, colocado, em seguida, em funis de Berlese durante sete dias para extração da mesofauna. Nossos dados mostraram que existe maior diversidade de invertebrados associados ao ninho de P. clavata do que aos de D. lucida e D. gigantea, provavelmente por este possuir volume maior e oferecer diversidade maior de locais para reprodução e nidificação de numerosas pequenas espécies animais. Além disso, a população de P. clavata é consideravelmente maior do que aquelas de Dinoponera, aumentando proporcionalmente a probabilidade de ocorrer interações dentro da colônia.
Peixes do Brasil: uma janela para o passado
Authors: Akama Alberto
Published: September 2020

Resenha
Covering Letter
Authors: Journals EJMS
Published: September 2020

COvering Letter
Gender Fairness in National Pensions
Authors: Goodell John W.
Published: September 2020

International business policy is a growing area of interest. I discuss the relationship between gender fairness, national fiscal challenges, and pension design. Focus is on how the degree of connectedness of pension benefits to earnings history impacts both gender fairness and fiscal sustainability. Gender wage gaps across countries suggest disconnecting pension benefits from earnings history has the potential to provide both greater gender fairness and greater fiscal sustainability. However, as firms design private benefits to optimally offer utility in tandem with national pensions, private firms may compensate by increasing the connection of their benefits to earnings history.
Letter from the Editors: Special Issue on Latin America
Authors: Mezias John , Newburry William
Published: September 2020

This special issue of AIB Insights focuses on international business in Latin America. The issue includes “Multilatinas and International Business Studies” by Alvaro Cuervo-Cazurra; “Innovation in Emerging Markets: The Case of Latin America” by Lourdes Casanova, Fernanda Cahen, Anne Miroux, Diego Finchelstein, Anabella Davila, Juana García, Veneta Andonova, Moacir Miranda de Oliveira Jr.; “Corporate Governance in Latin America: Towards Shareholder Democracy” by Ruth V. Aguilera, Rafel Crespí-Cladera, Luiz Ricardo Kabbach de Castro; “The Dominance of Pyramidal Business Groups in Latin America Persists” by Susan Perkins; and “The Importance of Institutional Knowledge for Expats Working in Latin America” by Daniel Friel.
The Dominance of Pyramidal Business Groups in Latin America Persists
Authors: Perkins Susan
Published: September 2020

This article provides insight on the historically dominant ownership structures in Latin America known as grupos. Unlike the widely-held standalone firm, the corporate governance dilemma in these business groups often arises between the concentrated ownership and outsiders from the lack of minority shareholder rights coupled with self-dealing schemes of the dominant controlling owner. The more recent stock market reforms of the MILA and BOVESPA exchanges, suggest that the long-term strategy for Latin American markets is not to expect these dominant ownership structures to change, but instead to focus attention towards understanding the corporate governance incentives that motivate business groups’ behaviors.
(How) Does Africa Matter for International Business Scholarship?
Authors: Boso Nathaniel , Debrah Yaw A. , Amankwah-Amoah Joseph
Published: September 2020

In this article, we provide insights on the fundamental question of “(How) Does Africa Matter for International Business Scholarship?” Although Africa has always been “open for business”, there are some emerging opportunities and challenges for business and these are advancing International Business Scholarship in Africa. The paper outlines some contemporary topics for international business research in Africa. In addition, a review of the international businesses challenges in Africa is presented. Also, we shed light on the emerging and growing internationalisation of African businesses to other emerging markets as well as greater emphasis on intra-African expansion as market reforms advance.
Examining the Contextual Richness of Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Jaklič Andreja , Rasković Matevz , Schuh Arnold
Published: September 2020

Context richness in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) can be leveraged to further international business research and advance business practice in a new multipolar, regionalized, and increasingly “glocalized” world. CEE markets and MNCs have faded to the background of existing research on emerging markets and emerging market multinationals. The specific CEE context call on IB scholars to re-examine how (foreign and domestically grown) MNCs adapt their strategies in resource-constrained business environments that have undergone incredible socio-economic transitions over the last 25 years, characterized by dynamic institutional evolution, unique transition processes, geographically compressed cultural diversity, sophisticated market behaviour and innovation patterns.
A Text Analytic Approach to Study Host Country Nationalist Sentiments and MNE Responses during National Conflicts
Authors: Tian Xiaocong
Published: September 2020

International business scholars have conducted lots of studies on MNE strategic choices in host country. However, most of the strategic choices are those need a long time to be implemented and to take effect, and we known little about how MNEs can instantly respond to host country environmental changes. Using social media textual data, I focus on nationalist sentiment and develop two types of nationalist sentiment, namely expressive nationalist sentiment and instrumental nationalist sentiment, through textual analysis. Then, I examine what rhetorical strategies MNEs adopt when different types of nationalist sentiment are high.
Technological Catch-up and Knowledge Sourcing of Latecomers from Emerging Economies
Authors: Song Jaeyong
Published: September 2020

This article discusseses processes by which late mover firms from emerging markets were able to close the technology gap they face with respect to first mover firms from advanced economies. Citing patent filing as evidence of technological catch-up, the article shows how the successful technological advancement of late mover firms from emerging markets was partially due to their creative knowledge sourcing techniques, as well as their balanced approach to pursuing a mix of imitation and innovation strategies.
Letter from the Editors: Special Issue on the 2016 Peter J. Buckley and Mark Casson AIB Dissertation Award
Authors: Rottig Daniel , Mezias John
Published: September 2020

This editorial introduces the AIB Insights special issue dedicated to the 2016 Peter J. Buckley and Mark Casson AIB Dissertation Award. It includes introductory articles and these dissertations: “Heterogeneous Implementation of CSR in an MNE: The Role of Subsidiaries’ Institutional Contexts and Behaviors” by Anne Jacqueminet; “Influence of Institutional and Geographical Factors on the Openness and Dispersion of Knowledge-Sourcing Practices” by Marcelo Cano-Kollmann ; “Influences on Transfer Effectiveness: An Exploratory Study of Headquarters Transfer of Capabilities to Subunits in the MNC” by Olof Lindahl; and “Language Strategies in Multinational Corporations: A Cross-Sector Study of Financial Service Companies and Manufacturing Companies” by Guro Sanden.
Russian Foreign Trade under a New Wave of Political Pressure: A Glance from the Inside
Authors: Varshney Sanjay , Mikhailitchenko Andrey
Published: September 2020

The changes and ramifications that followed in Russia after annexation of Crimea in 2014, both political and economic, are drastic and fundamental. While Russian foreign policy, geo-political developments and mainstream macroeconomic trends (oil prices, inflation) are quite visible to foreign investors and observers, the changes in government regulations of the Russian economy (both official and covert) are often overlooked.  New customs regulations and enforcement practices, development of “grey” customs clearing system, new wave of political restrictions are considered in the article. The authors state that these changes are even more pivotal and impactful than those that occur at the macro-level.
Effective Use of Business Simulation Games in International Business Courses
Authors: Rogmans Tim
Published: September 2020

This paper provides an account of technology-based international business simulations and discusses six suggestions for the effective use of simulations based on experience and academic research on the topic. It constitutes a valuable addition to the teaching repertoire of IB educators interested in covering international tax issues in the classroom, and using international business simulations in their courses.
The Outsized Costs of Investor-State Dispute Settlement
Authors: Johnson Lise , Sachs Lisa
Published: September 2020

The Investor State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) mechanism, included in over 3000 treaties, has raised widespread concerns, particularly as investors increasingly challenge measures related to environmental protection, public health and safety, and financial stability. Even some investors – the purported beneficiaries – have voiced concerns about the costs of proceedings, uncertainty regarding outcomes of disputes, and an absence of rules to ensure the impartiality of arbitrators. As states continue to include ISDS in their treaties, this analysis argues that the costs of ISDS outweigh its alleged benefits, and alternative strategies should be employed to protect investors and promote the rule of law.
Once BITten, Forever Shy: Explaining India’s Rethink of Its Bilateral Investment Treaty Provisions
Authors: Satyanand Premila Nazareth
Published: September 2020

India’s has rewritten basic provisions of its Bilateral Investment Agreements (BIT) regime, due to the heavy costs of internationally litigating disputes with foreign investors. While BITs are agreed between Governments, most have enabled foreign investors to internationally sue host States for perceived breaches of treaty provisions. To minimize this risk, India has fundamentally rethought the Most Favoured Nation principle and automatic resort to international arbitration - hallowed tenets underpinning today’s International Investment Agreements (IIA) regime. Interestingly, India has had to narrow the rights and protections it offers investors in disputes, even as it significantly intensifies efforts to attract them.
Why Do Regional Headquarters Live and Die?
Authors: Kähäri Perttu
Published: September 2020

This article provides a summative overview of the author’s doctoral dissertation, which investigates regional headquarters (RHQ) and their dynamism in the context of the organizational structures of multinational companies (MNCs) addressing a simple, yet fundamental research question: Why do regional headquarters live and die? The empirical analysis in the dissertation’s three empirical essays is based on a unique, longitudinal data set of RHQ in Finland.
Letter from the Editors: Special Issue on Student Internships
Authors: Littrell Romie Frederick , Rottig Daniel
Published: September 2020

This editorial article introduces the special issue of AIB Insights focused on Student Internships. The issue includes “Note on a Gallup-Purdue University Study and Related Articles: Useful Internships Improve University Graduates Chances of Full-Time Work” by Romie Frederick Littrell; “Short-Term Faculty-Led Study Abroad Programs - Lessons from the CEU Business School New York City Program” by Bala Mulloth, Mel Horwitch, and Erin Newton; “Internships Abroad: A Career Booster for German Students” by Pascal Cromm and Karin Kadow ; and “Increasing Students’ Global Mindset and Entrepreneurial Competencies through E-Consulting Projects” by Amanda Bullough.
The Organizational Design of Offshoring
Authors: Larsen Marcus M.
Published: September 2020

This short article summarizes my PhD dissertation entitled ‘The Organizational Design of Offshoring’ that has as its purpose to investigate why some firms fail when offshoring and other do not. The thesis consists of four research papers using various datasets and methodologies that investigate offshoring in an organizational context. It is argued that whether firms relocate activities with the purpose of accessing resources or as a response to political pressures, the process of offshoring presents firms and their decision makers with the daunting challenge of recognizing the need for coordinating and integrating offshoring activities in a global organization.
Stepping on Cultural and Religious Assumptions
Authors: Peterson Mark F.
Published: September 2020

This essay suggests that we should think of ourselves not only as individual culture trainers but also as a community. We should also think of our students both as individuals and as points of contact with larger cultural communities. As individual cultural trainers, we should reflect on our personal assumptions about why and how we challenge our students’ most basic self-schemas and social identities. As a community of cultural scholars, we also should reconsider our professional norms. Our norms may sometimes direct us to unnecessarily stigmatize our students’ cultural backgrounds and trigger undesirable, but predictable, responses from their cultural communities.
The China-Latin America Axis: Following the Path of the Manila Galleon
Authors: Fornes Gaston , Philip Alan Butt
Published: September 2020

This article discusses the China-Latin America Axis. It seems that the re-emergence of China on the world stage is not only creating a multi-polar world, but also brings back ancient trade routes like the Manila Galleon or the Silk Road. The new relative position of China in the world has led to a big temptation to dance with the dragon, but where can the dragon take you? The relationship with China for many Latin American states will be transformative, a source of “concern” for the US as well as for some of the Latin American states who are themselves beneficiaries.
Born Global in Bangalore: Emergent Pathways for International New Ventures via Multinational Enterprise Networks
Authors: Prashantham Shameen
Published: September 2020

I briefly describe three new ventures in Bangalore, India that were founded at different stages of the local entrepreneurial ecosystem’s maturation process, and all internationalized from inception. As the Bangalore entrepreneurial ecosystem matured, the ventures engaged in progressively closer partnerships with the local subsidiaries of foreign multinationals that facilitated their (the new ventures’) internationalization. Thus I point to an upward trajectory in, and interface between, innovation activities of both foreign MNEs and indigenous new ventures. An important implication for international entrepreneurship research is the opportunity (and necessity) to explicitly incorporate the role of partnerships with large MNEs in future research.
A Few Lessons from my Long Experience in IB Research
Authors: Aharoni Yair
Published: September 2020

This opinion/editorial piece presents lessons from Yair Aharoni’s career as an IB researcher. Dr. Aharoni reflects on what he considers a few of the major challenges and implications for IB researchers.
Featured Commentary: Special Issue on the Middle East North Africa Region
Authors: Balakrishnan Melodena Stephens
Published: September 2020

The MENA region is filled with contrasts. Though some of the oldest civilizations exist here, there are still geographical boundaries that are undefined, such as Palestine (home to ten million people). The Arab Spring, which began at the end of 2010, has led to mass migration of over one million people from Tunisia, Libya, and Syria that surged to neighbouring countries in Africa, Asia, and Europe, creating a humanitarian crisis. There is a need to redefine the boundaries of IB from an emerging market context and look at new topics as globalisation, not internationalisation, will drive the world!
Building Political Risk Management Skills in the Middle East
Authors: Rogmans Tim J.
Published: September 2020

Global markets are increasingly characterized by political risk and uncertainty, nowhere more so than in the Middle East and Northern Africa (MENA) region. In this environment, are there are any good reasons for companies to invest in the region? What are the entry methods and ownership modes that successful companies use when faced with political turmoil? A number of multinational companies are aware that there are fundamental strengths in the economies in the region that are likely to endure and are taking action to capitalize on the opportunities. This article provides valuable advice on risk management in the region.
Is It Chilly Out There? International Investment Agreements and Government Regulatory Autonomy
Authors: Côté Christine
Published: September 2020

The plain packaging of tobacco products, the disposal of hazardous waste and the management of toxic chemicals are all areas of health, safety and environmental (HSE) regulations which have faced legal challenges by private corporations under international investment agreements (IIAs) and their unique investor state dispute settlement (ISDS) provisions, raising concerns about regulatory chill. Research into the Canadian context does not provide support for this concern, but rather finds that regulators are generally not aware of the existence of IIAs or of the potential threat of an ISDS challenge and do not take them into account when developing regulations.
Positivismo: inicios y criticas epistemológicas
Authors: Pozuelos Juárez Eimson José Guillermo
Published: September 2020

A lo largo de la historia de la humanidad los cambios constantes han marcado cambios evolutivos de forma, el pensamiento y las ciencias no han sido la excepción a esta regla y han moldeado el desarrollo de conocimiento universal. Desde sus inicios en el ya lejano siglo XIX el positivismo se erigió un estandarte en contraposición a la metafísica y el pensamiento del idealismo y racionalidad. De la mano de Saint-Simone y Comte, este último reconocido como el padre fundador de la sociología, se introdujo la trasposición de la metodología de las ciencias exactas dentro del campo de la ciencia social dando pie a grandes avances para su época en relación del estudio de fenómenos de interacción del individuo dentro de su colectivo social. Sin embargo, su práctica reduccionista y minimalista, circunscrita a la búsqueda y definición de relaciones entre los objetos de estudio y el intento forzado de concretar teorías y leyes que explicarán los fenómenos sociales fue la causa que dio pie a una critica racional directa sobre sus métodos y la implementación de una reforma científica donde las ciencias sociales apoyadas en nuevos conocimiento y teorías en múltiples campos del conocimiento rechazan este paradigma y se concentran en la interpretación de los hechos y la relación del investigador con el objeto de estudio.
Multidimensionalidad en el pensamiento de los pueblos en torno al coronavirus
Authors: Tzoc Juan
Published: September 2020

Desde el pensamiento de los pueblos indígenas, todo lo que existe tiene vida, tal es el caso del Coronavirus. En muchas comunidades rurales, la enfermedad es sujeto a atenciones y discusiones. En la actualidad, aun no se ha logrado comprender la magnitud de la expansión, aun viendo los datos estadísticos que se conocen tanto a nivel local como a nivel internacional. Pero mientras muchos lo ven como muy peligroso, en las comunidades q’eqchi’es se torna una oportunidad para mirarse a sí mismos, una forma de verse en el espejo, observar el reflejo de la realidad en el diario vivir, valorar la vida y la muerte.Aprender a vivir con ella, es la primera practica a desarrollar, es parte del medio ambiente como sucede con otros virus y otras enfermedades, visto desde un enfoque sistémico. Las enfermedades son vistos como seres o entidades que llegan para cumplir una misión en el caos, y el caos da lugar a pensar en respuestas y valoraciones desde la cultura. Esto le da carácter multidimensional al tema actual.
Learning Evaluation Management
Authors: JH Sabri , Baderiah Baderiah
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of learning evaluation management in improving the quality of graduates at the Palopo State Islamic Institute. This type of research is descriptive qualitative, with pedagogical, juridical, and sociological approaches. The objects in the study were academic implementers and students, and the instruments used were observation guidelines, interview guidelines, and documentation. The results showed that the learning evaluation management at IAIN Palopo consisted of planning, organizing, implementing, and evaluating programs. At the planning stage, the academic side prepares every need for learning evaluation, then holds the schedule by referring to the academic calendar and arranges the place for lectures, at the evaluation stage, the UTS and UAS are supervised by a lecturer or lecturer who teaches the subject in question. Constraints in learning evaluation management include; the incomplete several course material so that it affects planning; besides that, some students who have not received a score in the previous semester (comprehensive examination), in the organizational aspect, some lecturers are late in entering exam questions. Some have even tested the material but did not provide information to the study program/faculty, aspects of the facilities that have less influence on organizing learning evaluation. Obstacles in the implementation of the evaluation are the lack of student preparation in facing exams, the existence of cheating by students during the exam, and the constraints on program evaluation, namely the absence of a set time in evaluating the program.
PROBLEM POSING LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Marlina Lina , Hamzah Udi
Published: September 2020

The research problem of this classroom  action research is the low achievement to learn civics class XA SMA AL-Husen City of Tunjung Teja in the academic year 2017. The purpose of this research is to increase the students’ achievement on the subjects of civic education. The results of this research for the school is to improve the quality of civic education, besides that it is also useful for teachers and students. By doing classroom action research the teachers get experience in conducting the learning more interesting and enjoyable. This research implemented in three cycles, where each cycle includes the activities of planning, action, observation and reflection. The Subjects of the research are students of class XA as many as 28 students. The troubleshooting method used is to apply model problem posing learning on the subjects of civic education, the instruments of the research is using observation sheet increase student achievement. Implementation of the research conducted collaboratively with teachers as implementers and researchers act as an observer. The results of this research shows increased student achievement. The cycle I with an average of 53,58. The cycle II with an average 61,76. The cycle III with an average 80,26 Therefore this classroom action research is successful so the researchers recommended the implementation of model problem posing learning can be increasing the students’ learning outcomes on the subjects of civic education.
PERAN PARTAI GOLONGAN KARYA DALAM MELAKSANAKAN PENDIDIKAN POLITIK
Authors: Taufik M Triyastono , Jamaludin Ujang , Juwandi Ronni
Published: September 2020

This studies aim to get knowing that . The Role of Golongan Karya Political Party in The Political Education Implementation. This research held for four month start from December until April 2019. Used on the descriptive method with qualitative approach, data are collected use with interview, observation, and documentation, analysis data collected are following presented taking data, data reduction, data presentation and withdrawal data. Research result indicate theres a trouble from Golongan Karya Political Party (Golkar) in Political Education implementation to society. Political Education implementation do with various methode, theres with visit society door-to-door, sosialization, workshop. Based on research result concluding that an Implementation of Political Education by Golongan Karya Political Party (Golkar) Serang City means to society reinforcement and enhancement quality in order to be political invidual capable.
ANÁLISE MULTIDIMENSIONAL DOS CUSTOS LOGÍSTICOS CONTRIBUINDO À GESTÃO DE UMA EMPRESA DE CONTABILIDADE
Authors: Oliveira Danielle Santos , Nunes Rosângela Venâncio , Siebra Alexandra Alencar , Costa de Assis Charles Washington , Adriano Nayana De Almeida , Fonseca Rita De Cassia
Published: September 2020

O objetivo deste estudo é verificar como a análise multidimensional dos custos logísticos pode contribuir à gestão de uma empresa prestadora de serviços contábeis. Para mostrar a relevância da análise multidimensional dos custos logísticos, como ferramenta para auxiliar o gestor na tomada de decisão, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica e o estudo de caso em uma empresa de contabilidade, durante o mês de Maio/2018, em que foram coletados dados por meio de  entrevistas realizados junto ao sócio da empresa. As análises foram baseadas na Lucratividade Direta por Cliente (LDC) e Lucratividade Direta por Serviços (LDS). Os resultados encontrados são provenientes da análise da LDC e da LDS, comprovando que a análise multidimensional dos custos logísticos é uma ferramenta relevante para auxiliar o empresário desse segmento a tomar decisões que colaborem com o aumento da lucratividade da empresa, através do conhecimento de informações até então não conhecidas pelo gestor.
ANÁLISE DE CUSTOS EM UMA INSTITUIÇÃO DE ENSINO SUPERIOR: UM ESTUDO APLICADO NO INSTITUTO FEDERAL DO TOCANTINS
Authors: Alves Samara Oliveira , Rodrigues Sobrinho William Brasil
Published: September 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho corresponde à aplicação de um modelo de gestão de custos por meio da utilização da premissa do método Custeio Baseado em Atividades (ABC) em um campus do Instituto Federal do Tocantins (IFTO), mediante um estudo de caso. Optou-se pela utilização do método ABC em razão da vasta recomendação pela literatura existente. Constatou-se que cerca de 85% dos custos são referentes a folha de pagamentos dos servidores. Adicionalmente, identificou-se que somente 18,4% dos recursos são alocados em atividades de apoio ao ensino, enquanto 81,6% dos recursos são destinados às atividades primárias da instituição, ou seja, atividades diretamente relacionadas ao ensino, pesquisa e extensão. Por fim, o custo anual médio do aluno matriculado no IFTO campus Porto Nacional no ano de 2017 equivale a R$ 16.596.
GERENCIAMENTO DE UMA SALA DE CINEMA, NO INTERIOR DO ESTADO DE MINAS GERAIS, COM BASE NO CUSTEIO DIRETO
Authors: Neto Alaerte Gomes de Assis , Oliveira Natani Andreza Jesus , Santos Fernando De Almeida
Published: September 2020

Com a competitividade existente no mercado, adquirir conhecimento sobre gestão de custos consiste em um diferencial sobre os concorrentes. O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar os dados obtidos com a aplicação do método de custeio direto em uma sala de cinema para construir uma forma de apurar seus custos. A metodologia da pesquisa é documental, com a utilização de informações que não haviam sido analisadas, descritiva e de caráter qualitativo. Para validar e exemplificar os conceitos apresentados, utilizou-se de um estudo de caso com a aplicação de um questionário e do método de custeio direto. Conclui-se que, de acordo com a metodologia utilizada, o gestor passou a ter informações de quais foram os gastos diretos e indiretos no período analisado, a margem de contribuição unitária dos itens comercializados e o ponto de equilíbrio da empresa. A contribuição do trabalho consiste na adaptação do método de custeio direto para utilização em uma sala de cinema, onde o gestor pode buscar reduzir os gastos, aumentar a margem de lucro e, com isso, contribuir para o crescimento da empresa.
IMPLIKASI HUKUM TERHADAP AKAD YANG MEMUAT KLAUSUL PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA PERBANKAN SYARIAH MELALUI PENGADILAN NEGERI PASCA PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR 93/PUU-X/2012
Authors: Hasima Rahman
Published: September 2020

This research aims to determine the legal implications of the agreement on which the sharia banking dispute resolution clause was submitted through the state court's post-decision of the Constitutional Court No. 93/PUU-X/2012. The research method used normative research with a statute approach and a conceptual approach and analyzed descriptive qualitative. The results of the study show that the contract that contains the clause for the settlement of Islamic banking disputes through the District Court after the Constitutional Court decision has the implication of being null and void because it contradicts the contract or causa that is lawful, so that the parties make an addendum so that no future disputes occur.
The Impact of TEEAL on the usage of AGORA in Academic and Research Institutions in Ugand
Authors: Mulumba Onan , Kinengyere Alison Annet
Published: September 2020

The Essential Electronic Agricultural Library (TEEAL) and the Access to Global Online Research in Agriculture (AGORA) are key information support programs in learning, teaching, and research. They provide access to relevant scientific evidence, in agriculture and related sciences. While AGORA was introduced in Uganda in 2005, TEEAL was introduced earlier as a “Library in a Box” and later as LAN-TEEAL. With the recent increase in acquisition of TEEAL sets at a number of academic and research institutions in Uganda and with the TEEAL and AGORA campaigns through the training organized under the Information Training and Outreach Center for Africa (ITOCA), it is not clear how TEEAL has impacted on Agricultural research and on the usage of AGORA as an online program in Uganda. The aim of his paper was to explore how TEEAL is used compared to its counterpart, AGORA. The key question to this study relates to respondents’ preference among the two programs and the underlying reasons. An online questionnaire was used to gather responses regarding preference and use of the two programs by students, academics, librarians, IT specialists, and researchers at the various institutions in Uganda. The study was informed by a review of literature from related studies. Findings from 59 respondents indicate that all (100%) the respondents had an idea of TEEAL while for AGORA it was 58 (98.3%) respondents. Of the respondents, 52.5% preferred TEEAL to AGORA because it required no internet access, although the majority believed that AGORA was more important than TEEAL, due to the coverage of more relevant online scientific literature. The most prominent challenges to TEEAL and AGORA were network failures and slow internet, respectively. TEEAL and AGORA were both acknowledged to be very vital resources for academic and research institutions in Uganda. TEEAL mainly had one advantage over AGORA and that is being an offline resource that can be used in institutions with unreliable and inadequate internet. AGORA was also found to have an advantage over TEEAL in that it had a wider content coverage. The most common strategy for improving the use of both programs, as stated by the respondents, was increasing awareness through training and marketing. It was thus recommended that the program hosts utilize the results of this study to improve the utilization of these vital agricultural databases through further training and awareness. It was also recommended that institutions be advised to strengthen their IT infrastructure to support the programs and ensure effective use, for increasing their academic and research output.
Sobre el conocimiento científico y la investigación narrativa en la escuela
Authors: Agudelo Torres José Federico , Clavijo Zapata Sandra Juliet , Ocampo Olarte Jaime Alberto
Published: September 2020

El presente artículo pretende reflexionar en torno a la dimensión humana que subyace y co-habita en la reflexión científica y en los horizontes epistemológicos que se han desarrollado en el interior de la denominada cultura occidental. Para ello, los autores realizaron un ejercicio cercano a una historialidad del conocimiento, de igual forma en el texto se plantean una serie de cuestionamientos, mismos que no tienen la pretensión de ser contestados en el texto, sino que esperan exhortar a nuevas reflexiones por parte de los lectores. Entre los más importantes hallazgos se lograron ubicar: la historia de toda revolución científica se halla enmarcada y circunscrita en una revolución social, evidenciando el anthropos y el interés extra-científico que habita en la ciencia misma, en tanto se advierte el tránsito de un horizonte hipotético deductivo, propio de la modernidad, hacia un territorio movedizo y azaroso, cercano al sentir y al narrar-se de estos tiempos presentes.
Networks of idealization, stalking and planning of the violence reflected in university students of the center of Mexico
Authors: Sánchez-Sánchez Arturo , García-Lirios Cruz , Bermúdez-Ruiz Gilberto , Aldana-Balderas Wilfrido Isidro , Rosas-Ferrusca Francisco Javier , Rincón-Ornelas Rosa María , Puebla-Urbina Luisa Alejandra
Published: September 2020

A neural network supposes a learning that the present work set out to reveal as asymmetries between narratives of sexist violence. A retrospective, descriptive and interpretive study was carried out with an intentional selection of students in a public Institution of Higher Education (IES) in central Mexico. A contemplative structure was revealed, considering the synaptic weights that explained the relationship between the entry, processing and exit of units of idealization, contemplation and conflict planning. Research lines related to the structure of relationships between the categories are suggested.