bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Engineering: Concepts, Techniques, and Security Countermeasures
Authors: Ul Aziz Maria
Published: July 2022

This research paper describes the social engineering concepts, techniques, and security countermeasures. This research aims to study various social engineering techniques to find the best countermeasures that would help to reduce social engineering attacks.
Heparan Sulfate Facilitates Binding of hIFNγ to its Cell-Surface Receptor hIFNGR1
Authors: Miladinova Elisaveta , Lilkova Elena , Krachmarova Elena , Malinova Kristina , Petkov Peicho , Ilieva Nevena , Nacheva Genoveva , Litov Leandar
Published: July 2022

The extremely controversial conclusions about the function of human interferon-gamma (hIFNγ) C-terminus as well as the lack of a consistent model explaining its role in the receptor binding prompted us to scrutinize the interaction of hIFNγ with its extracellular receptor hIFNGR1 in different scenarios by means of molecular dynamics simulations. We find that the two molecules alone fail to form a stable complex but the presence of heparan-sulfate-like oligosaccharides largely facilitates the process by both demobilizing the highly flexible C-termini of the cytokine and assisting in the proper positioning of its globule between the receptor subunits. An antiproliferative-activity essay on cells depleted from surface sulfation confirms qualitatively the simulation-based multistage complex-formation model. Our results reveal the key role of HS and its proteoglycans in all processes involving hIFNγ signalling.
Relevansi Pemikiran Ekonomi Abu Yusuf dan Al Syaibani dengan Kebijakan Ekonomi di Indonesia
Authors: Mubarok Anas Bayan , Witro Doli
Published: July 2022

Abu Yusuf and Al-Syaibani are great Islamic economists who gave birth to basic principles ini the economy. Through their thinking, they succeeded in bringing governments in their time to peak prosperity in economic development. This study aims to explain the economics of Abu Yusuf and Al-Syaibani's thinking and its relevance in Indonesian economic policies. This research belongs to the type of qualitative research, and the method of collecting data is library research. Research shows that: first, Abu Yusuf’s economic thinking can be found in his work al-kharaj, the core of his economic thinking speaks of the emphasis on the responsibility of rulers to welfare their people. Second, Al-Syaibani, in his economic view, is more likely to talk about micro-economic issues. Third, the economic thinking of these two figures has relevance to the economic policies implemented in Indonesia.
Defining “Normal” Static and Dynamic Spinopelvic Characteristics
Authors: Verhaegen Jeroen C.F. , Innmann Moritz , Alves Batista Nuno , Dion Charles-Antoine , Horton Isabel , Pierrepont Jim , Merle Christian , Grammatopoulos George
Published: July 2022

Background:

Spinopelvic characteristics influence the hip’s biomechanical behavior. However, there is currently little knowledge regarding what “normal” characteristics are. This study aimed to determine how static and dynamic spinopelvic characteristics change with age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) among well-functioning volunteers.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional cohort study of 112 asymptomatic volunteers (age, 47.4 ± 17.7 years; 50.0% female; BMI, 27.3 ± 4.9 kg/m2). All participants underwent lateral spinopelvic radiography in the standing and deep-seated positions to determine maximum hip and lumbar flexion. Lumbar flexion (change in lumbar lordosis, ∆LL), hip flexion (change in pelvic-femoral angle, ∆PFA), and pelvic movement (change in pelvic tilt, ΔPT) were determined. The hip user index, which quantifies the relative contribution of the hip to overall sagittal movement, was calculated as (∆PFA/[∆PFA + ∆LL]) × 100%.

Results:

There were decreases of 4.5° (9%) per decade of age in lumbar flexion (rho, −0.576; p < 0.001) and 3.6° (4%) per decade in hip flexion (rho, −0.365; p < 0.001). ∆LL could be predicted by younger age, low standing PFA, and high standing LL. Standing spinopelvic characteristics were similar between sexes. There was a trend toward men having less hip flexion (90.3° ± 16.4° versus 96.4° ± 18.1°; p = 0.065) and a lower hip user index (62.9% ± 8.2% versus 66.7% ± 8.3%; p = 0.015). BMI weakly correlated with ∆LL (rho, −0.307; p = 0.011) and ∆PFA (rho, −0.253; p = 0.039).

Conclusions:

Spinopelvic characteristics were found to be age, sex, and BMI-dependent. The changes in the lumbar spine during aging (loss of lumbar lordosis and flexion) were greater than the changes in the hip, and as a result, the hip’s relative contribution to overall sagittal movement increased. Men had a greater change in posterior pelvic tilt when moving from a standing to a deep-seated position in comparison with women, secondary to less hip flexion. The influence of BMI on spinopelvic parameters was low.
Stroke care and collaborative academic research in Latin America
Authors: Muñoz-Venturelli Paula , González Francisca , Urrutia Francisca , Mazzon Enrico , Navia Victor , Brunser Alejandro , Lavados Pablo , Olavarría Verónica , Almeida Juan , Guerrero Rodrigo , Rojo Alexis , Gigoux Juan Pablo , Vallejos José , Conejan Nathalie , Esparza Tomas , Escobar Arturo , Soto Alvaro , Pontes-Neto Octavio , Arauz Antonio , Abanto Carlos , Carcel Cheryl , Zafra-Tanaka Jessica Hanae , Liu Hueiming , Song Lili , Miranda J Jaime , Anderson Craig S
Published: July 2022

Objective. A narrative overview of regional academic research collaborations to address the increasing burden and gaps in care for patients at risk of, and who suffer from, stroke in Latin America (LA). Materials and methods. A summary of experiences and knowledge of the local situation is presented. No systematic literature review was performed. Results. The rapidly increasing burden of stroke poses immense challenges in LA, where prevention and manage­ment strategies are highly uneven and inadequate. Clinical research is increasing through various academic consortia and networks formed to overcome structural, funding and skill barriers. However, strengthening the ability to generate, analyze and interpret randomized evidence is central to further develop effective therapies and healthcare systems in LA. Conclusions. Regional networks foster the conduct of multicenter studies –particularly randomized controlled trials–, even in resource-poor regions. They also contribute to the external validity of international studies and strengthen systems of care, clinical skills, critical thinking, and international knowledge exchange.
The value of process evaluation for public health interventions: field-case studies for non-communicable disease prevention and management in five countries
Authors: Lazo-Porras María , Brandt Lena R , Cornejo-Vucovich Elsa , Denman Catalina A , Diez-Canseco Francisco , Malavera Alejandra , Mukherjee Ankita , Ouyang Menglu , Praveen Devarsetty , Schierhout Gill , Sun Yuewen , Yin Xuejun , Zhang Puhong , Liu Hueiming
Published: July 2022

Complex interventions are needed to effectively tackle non-communicable diseases. However, complex interventions can contain a mix of effective and ineffective actions. Process evaluation (PE) in public health research is of great value as it could clarify the mechanisms and contextual factors associ­ated with variation in the outcomes, better identify effective components, and inform adaptation of the intervention. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the value of PE through five case studies that span the research cycle. The interven­tions include using digital health, salt reduction strategies, use of fixed dose combinations, and task shifting. Insights of the methods used, and the implications of the PE findings to the project, were discussed. PE of complex interventions can refute or confirm the hypothesized mechanisms of action, thereby enabling intervention refinement, and identifying implementation strategies that can address local contextual needs, so as to improve service delivery and public health outcomes.
Evaluation of Ultrahigh-Temperature-Resistant Preformed Particle Gels for Conformance Control in North Sea Reservoirs
Authors: Schuman Thomas , Salunkhe Buddhabhushan , Al Brahim Ali , Bai Baojun
Published: July 2022

Preformed particle gels (PPGs) are 3D, crosslinked, dried polymer particles that can swell to several hundred times on contact with formation water. PPGs have been used extensively to control water production problems in reservoirs with conformance problems. The current state-of-the-art PPGs are polyacrylamide-based hydrogel compositions which lack long-term thermal stability under high-temperature and -salinity conditions. There are many oil reservoirs across the globe exhibiting conditions of temperatures higher than 120°C with high salinity. A novel ultrahigh-temperature-resistant PPG composition (DMA-SSS PPG) was designed to fill up the technology gap between existing polyacrylamide-based PPG technology that degrades readily over 110°C temperatures. DMA-SSS PPG exhibited excellent thermal stability for greater than 18 months in North Sea formation and formation water environments at 130°C. DMA-SSS PPG described herein showed swelling capacities of up to 30 times in different salinity North Sea brines. DMA-SSS PPG’s physiochemical properties like swelling, swelling rate, and rheological behavior were studied as a function of temperature and salinity. DMA-SSS PPGs showed excellent elastic modulus (G’) of about 3200 Pa in formation water of 90% water content. Thermostability of DMA-SSS PPGs was assessed at 130 and 150°C in North Sea brines with different salinity conditions. DMA-SSS PPGs proved to be stable for more than 18 months without losing molecular integrity. Thermostability was further confirmed through different metrics such as cross-polarization magic angle spinning carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (CPMAS 13C NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and morphology. Laboratory coreflood experiments were performed to demonstrate the plugging efficiency of open fractures and effectiveness in reducing the permeability. DMA-SSS PPG comprehensive evaluation confirms its novelty for excellent hydrothermal stability, thus can be used to control water production problems for mature reservoirs exhibiting conditions of high salinity and high temperature.
Upscaling Low-Salinity Benefit from Laboratory Scale to Field Scale: An Ensemble of Models with a Relative Permeability Uncertainty Range
Authors: Kazemi Nia Korrani Aboulghasem , Jerauld Gary Russell
Published: July 2022

The distribution of low-salinity benefit for an ensemble of models is required to evaluate low-salinity enhanced oil recovery (OREC) projects. To enable this, low-salinity pseudorelative permeability curves are required to estimate the benefit of low-salinity waterflooding at the field level. We present how the low-salinity benefit can be propagated through an ensemble of full-field models in which each simulation case could have a set of distinctive high-salinity pseudos. A 0.5-ft vertical resolution sector and its 10-ft upscaled counterpart are used. Relative permeability curves and the low-salinity benefit from corefloods are used in the high-resolution sector to create profiles. Pseudohigh- and low-salinity curves are generated for the upscaled sector by history matching high-salinity and incremental low-salinity profiles.

Low-salinity benefit is typically measured from corefloods and the same benefit is often assumed at the field scale. Our results show that generating low-salinity curves for high-salinity pseudos using low-salinity benefit from corefloods slightly underestimates the true low-salinity benefit at field scale estimated from high-resolution models. This conclusion is consistent for two extreme relative permeability scenarios tested (i.e., a high-total-mobility unfavorable fractional flow and low-total-mobility favorable fractional flow). Including capillary pressure in high-resolution models was crucial. We would have come to another conclusion if we had not used capillary pressure in fine-grid simulation as approximately one-third of the benefit of low-salinity waterflooding was attributable to more favorable capillary pressure under low-salinity injection. We demonstrate how a set of high-salinity relative permeability data obtained from corefloods, which encompasses a range for fractional flow and total mobility, can be included in ensemble modeling appropriately and how low-salinity benefit could be estimated for such an ensemble. It is adequate to generate low-salinity curves for bounding high-salinity sets of curves. The bounding low-salinity curves can then be used to estimate low-salinity curve for any interpolated high-salinity curve. This workflow significantly simplifies the process of generating the distribution of low-salinity benefit corresponding to an ensemble of models which may be calibrated to limited history.
Wireless Power Transfer Analysis in MmWave Networks
Authors: Parida Samparna , Das Santos Kumar
Published: July 2022

This research article verifies the scope of utilization of a very favourable combination of Wireless power transfer (WPT) and millimeter wave (mmWave) communications technology using selective beamforming in a Multiple input single output (MISO) system consisting of a Hybrid access point (HAP) having an array antenna in downlink and a user having single antenna in the uplink. A specific mmWave extended NYUSIM Channel model used for good spatial consistency. The mmWave based wireless powered cooperative communication network (WPCCN) considered here serves the user equipment in the network by harvesting energy from the received signal to use it further to power their uplink transmissions. The scope of wireless power transfer in an mmWave channel has been verified and discussed based on the analysis made on the output performance parameters derived using an mmWave based novel NYUSIM channel simulator, i.e., NYUSIM Version 2.01. The output results derived from the simulation results with sufficient analysis on user requirements support the fact that the proposed work discovers a good scope of development in the mmWave based WPCCN. Ultimately it explores the design and validation of a robust self-sustainable communication network model for the future green communication network. Some important technical challenges and future research scopes are also discussed effectively.
Vehicular Network based Emergency Data Transmission and Classification for Health Care System using Support Vector Machine
Authors: Senapati Biswa Ranjan , Khilar Pabitra Mohan , Dash Tirtharaj , Swain Rakesh Ranjan
Published: July 2022

COVID-19 pandemic has created an emergency across the globe. The number of corona positive cases and death cases are still rising across the world. The government of all countries is taking various steps to control the infection of COVID-19. One of the steps to control the spreading of the coronavirus is to quarantine. But the number of active cases at the quarantine center is increasing day by day. Also, the doctors, nurses, and paramedical staff providing service to the people at the quarantine center are getting infected. This demands the automatic and regular monitoring of people at the quarantine center. This paper proposed a novel and automated method for the monitoring of people at the quarantine center by two phases. These are the health data transmission phase and health data analysis phase. The health data transmission phase involves component NIBs, RSUs, and vehicles. For the transmission of data from the quarantine center to the observation center, an effective route is determined using route value. The route-value is dependent on factors like density, shortest path, delay, vehicular data carrying delay, and attenuation. The analysis of health data is done by using multi-class SVM. Finally, simulation results are obtained for the two phases. The simulation results obtained for the health data transmission phase is E2E delay, number of network gaps, and packet delivery ratio. The health data analysis phase determines parameters such as precision, recall, accuracy, etc.
Design a Photonic Crystal Narrowband Band pass Filter for Fiber Optic Communication Applications
Authors: jawad mohammed , Abed Naseer Hwaidi
Published: July 2022

The optical communications have been the backbone of the most dramatic developments in telecommunications systems in the past two decades, so that the current world of communications is unthinkable without the infrastructure of fiber optic networks. Also, the speed and bandwidth of optical devices have expanded the development of optical telecommunication systems, so the design, simulation and fabrication of optical devices have become more and more respected by researchers in this field. In this paper, a design for optical narrow Band Pass Filter (BPF) using two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) is presented that are suitable for applications in optical fiber communications (third window) in Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (WDM) systems. BPF was simulated by a two-dimensional timing method (FDTD) Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD). Also, the plane-wave expansion (PWE) method was used to evaluate the bands and calculate the Photonic Band Gap. Simulation results show this desired structure, acts as a very sharp optical BPF in the central wavelength of 1550 nm (In order to minimize attenuation). Normal voltage transmission efficiency, full width at half maximum (FWHM), and Focal Plane Module (FPM) for proposed BPF were 94.8%, 2583 and 0.6 nm, respectively.
Efficient malicious node detection system for forest fire monitoring by trust calculation using EDENN algorithm in WSN environment
Authors: M Jamuna Rani , A Azhagu Jaisudhan Pazhani
Published: July 2022

Wireless Sensor network (WSN) works in exceedingly advanced surroundings wherever it's troublesome for folks to achieve or work. The forest fire observation is that the promising application in WSN. However within the WSN openness of nodes ends up in security threats at risk of numerous attacks of nodes that are denoted because the malicious nodes. Recognition of malicious node is the encounters Janus-faced by the sensors in WSN for any application, protection of fire observation knowledge is critical for save the wild life animals. Existing analysis ways aren’t absolutely save the network lifespan and correct detection. To resolve that downside this analysis methodology projected a completely unique method for malicious node detection in WSN surroundings for fire observation. The projected methodology consists of seven steps. At first, the sensor nodes are initialized then, the residual energy is calculated within the pre-processing stage. By the assistance of calculated price the cluster is created mistreatment NCD-KM. Then, in every cluster the malicious node is detected mistreatment EDENN, if the cluster has malicious node then the malicious node is severally hold on for stop the cluster. Then, the cluster head is chosen by mistreatment the GDSHO formula. Finally the data transmission is managed by cluster head and super cluster head. In experimental analysis the performance of the projected methodology is analyzed with the present analysis methodologies. Within the analysis the projected methodology attains higher performance than the present analysis methodologies.
Computer Simulation and Modeling the Metal to Insulating Transition of liquid Mercury via Pair, Empirical and Many-Body Potentials
Authors: Karimi hedayat
Published: July 2022

In this study Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to detect the metal insulator transition in liquid mercury by changing the static properties at microscopic scale. In the simulations pair, empirical, and many-body potentials governs metal–metal interactions in the canonical ensemble. The structural and thermodynamic changes over the wide of temperature range from 773 to 1773 K are described in the first coordination shell and residual internal energy, respectively. The results reveal that during the simulated heating process the properties undergo significantly change at 1673 K, which is in connection with the metal nonmetal transition in the liquid. These findings coincide with the experimental observations of this thermodynamic phenomenon. Notably, the free energy of association that renders the system to this thermodynamic state is estimated.
Comparison of mask leak and respiratory mechanics in synchronized versus decoupled chest compression in a newborn manikin model
Authors: Shah Dharmesh , Tracy Mark , Hinder Murray , Badawi Nadia
Published: July 2022

Purpose
Newborn mask ventilation technique requires skills, and effective resuscitation is essential for pulmonary gas exchange. The most effective compression to ventilation (C:V) ratio in newborn resuscitation is still contentious and there is no evidence of human data supporting the current 3:1 ratio. We aimed to study mask leak and respiratory mechanics comparing synchronized and decoupled chest compression on a newborn manikin model.
Methods
Twenty-eight neonatal staff members trained in newborn resuscitation were randomly paired to provide mask ventilation with chest compression in a synchronized (3:1) C:V ratio followed by decoupled chest compression (CC) at a rate of 120 compression to 60 inflations per minute. A Laerdal Advanced Life Support leak-free manikin and a 240-mL self-inflating bag were used. Respiratory mechanical data were collected and analysed.
Results
Decoupled CC provided significantly higher minute ventilation (825.3 mL/min) compared to 534.8 mL/min with the synchronized CC group (p < 0.0001). The mean mask leak (%) was 27.9 (CI 18.4–37.4) in the synchronized CC group and 25.3 (CI 17.6–33.1) in the decoupled CC group. Higher mean airway pressure was noted in the decoupled CC group.
Conclusion
Mask leak was unchanged with introduction of decoupled CC to a traditional 3:1 C:V ratio. However, decoupled CC provided significantly higher minute ventilation. Human studies to investigate the respiratory mechanics and hemodynamic effects of decoupled CC are needed.
Physical mapping of qDTH3 for heading date reveals the evolutionary history of cultivated rice
Authors: Ikegaya Tomohito , Shirasawa Kenta , Fujino kenji
Published: July 2022

Crop breeding programs can improve traits associated with desirable phenotypic characteristics to different local environmental conditions. In rice, such improvements were achieved depending on genetic diversity among local populations. Here, we examined whether differences in traits of elite varieties are due to genetic differences and from what the genetic differences are derived. Previously, we identified one quantitative trait locus associated with heading date, i.e., the quantitative trait locus for days to heading on chromosome 3 (qDTH3). Using 592 plants of the F2 generation, fine mapping narrowed the qDTH3 locus down to a 158-kb region of the corresponding rice reference genome. Based on the genome sequences of a 656-kb region including the qDTH3 locus among four Oryza species populations, we propose the historic evolutionary process of cultivated rice, considering nucleotide polymorphisms and intrapopulation recombination. Phenotypic differences in qDTH3 in elite varieties may be derived from a different lineage split from the ancestor.
Quantitative assessment of the microstructure of the mesorectum with different prognostic statuses by intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighed magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Lu Bao-Lan , Chen Yan , Wen Zi-Qiang , Liu Yi-Yan , Ma Yu-Ru , Que Yu-Tao , Zhang Zhi-Wen , Wu Xue-Han , Yu Shen-Ping
Published: July 2022

Background
The mesorectum surrounding the rectal provides an ideal substrate for tumour spread. However, preoperative risk assessment is still an issue. This study aimed to investigate the microstructural features of mesorectum with different prognostic statuses by intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM DWI).
Methods
Patients with pathologically proven rectal adenocarcinoma underwent routine high-resolution rectal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and IVIM DWI sequences were recruited. The MRI-detected circumferential resection margin (mrCRM) and extramural vascular invasion (mrEMVI) were evaluated. IVIM parameters of the mesorectum adjacent to (MAT) and distant from (MDT) the tumour were measured and compared between and within the prognostic factor groups.
Results
The positive mrCRM (pMAT < 0.001; pMDT = 0.013) and mrEMVI (pMAT = 0.001; pMDT < 0.001) groups demonstrated higher D values in the MAT and MDT than the corresponding negative groups. Conversely, the positive mrCRM (p = 0.001) and mrEMVI (p < 0.001) groups both demonstrated lower f values in the MAT. Similarly, in the self-comparison between the MAT and MDT in the above subgroups, D showed a significant difference in all subgroups (p < 0.001 for all), and f showed a significant difference in the positive mrCRM (p = 0.001) and mrEMVI (p = 0.002) groups. Moreover, the MAT displayed a higher D* in the positive mrCRM (p = 0.014), negative mrCRM (p = 0.009) and negative mrEMVI groups (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
The microstructure of the mesorectum in patients with rectal cancer with poor prognostic status shows changes based on IVIM parameters. IVIM parameters might be promising imaging biomarkers for risk assessment of tumour spread in mesorectum preoperatively.
Functional Specialization and Coordination in the Amygdala-Hippocampus Circuit Support Working Memory
Authors: Li Jin , Cao Dan , Dimakopoulos Vasileios , Yu Shan , Xiao Xinyu , Imbach Lukas , Stieglitz Lennart , Sarnthein Johannes , Jiang Tianzi
Published: July 2022

Both the hippocampus and amygdala are involved in working memory (WM) processing. However, it is still an open question how the two structures interact to represent and maintain WM content. Here, we simultaneously recorded intracranial EEG from the amygdala and hippocampus of epilepsy patients while performing a WM task. Using a series of univariate, multivariate, and connectivity analyses, our results revealed a functional specialization of the amygdala-hippocampus circuit: The mnemonic representations in the amygdala were highly distinct and decreased from encoding to maintenance. The hippocampal representations, however, were less specific but remained stable in the absence of the stimulus. Furthermore, the amygdala and hippocampus coordinated their activity during WM: The hippocampal representation was reinstated in the amygdala during maintenance, with task induced information flow from the hippocampus to the amygdala. Importantly, the functional specificity and coordination were correlated only when they appeared in correct trials. Our study provides new evidence that successful WM processing in humans is associated with specialized and coordinated functions within the amygdala-hippocampus circuit.
Rank-Based Energy Efficient Key Management (RBE-EKM) Scheme Based Routing for Internet of Medical Things (IOMT)
Authors: M KRISHNAPRIYA , G ANGELINE PRASANNA , S ANBARASU
Published: July 2022

The growth in wireless services indicates the importance of wireless networks. Parameters in domains Specific Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) based applications such as infrastructure, physiological and activity monitoring are using the wireless services. Inactivity monitoring, the home care and hospital care Wireless IoT sensors devices continuously monitor and collect data. So, these devices consume lots of energy. With secure data transmission, the limited energy supply is the central issue in-home care and hospital care applications. This research focuses on restricted-energy utilization while monitoring users' postural activity information in homecare and hospital-care applications using IoT-based WSN devices (sensors). In this research, the Rank Based Energy Efficient key management (RBE-EKM) protocol is designed to discover an energy-efficient approach to transfer the sensor's data to the Base Station (BS). Initially, it assigns higher priority to the sensor nodes based on their emergency interrupt signals, and the shared key is allocated foremost to those prioritized nodes. This ranking key method establishes the secure routing path for these sensor nodes by verifying their shared secret key. The shared key-based security scheme is found in this research to prevent the WSN from node compromising attacks. The simulation analysis of the RBE-EKM protocol model shows that real-time data is successfully shared among the group of privileged Base Stations with minimum power consumption, delay, and throughput. Moreover, the experimental result proves that the proposed communication strategy, such as dynamic retransmit or rebroadcast decision control, significantly improves the performance of AODV protocol models.
Dual Band Vis-IR Absorber Using Bismuth Based Helical Metamaterial Surface
Authors: Agarwal Sajal , Srivast Gargi , Prajapati Yogendra Kumar
Published: July 2022

In this study authors worked to attain a metamaterial absorber for visible and infrared region using bismuth as its main constituent material. Proposed absorber would be used for various applications; solar cell, communication etc. To model the metamaterial surface, two different sets of materials are used to observe and compare the absorption, having metal-insulator-metal structure to observe the metamaterial. It is observed that proposed metamaterial layer having Al/TiO2/Bi, displays high absorption for two bands in different wavelength region with wide bandwidth. Absorption peaks are observed at 510 nm and 1590 nm. However, apart from the peaks, absorption is not less than 0.5 a.u. anywhere in the absorption spectrum, which depicts that this absorber can be used for whole wavelength range varies from 200 to 2500 nm. Designed absorber in this study also ensures the easy fabrication of the metamaterial surface due to its less complex design and small geometry, which ensures the stability of three dimensional structure.
A Circularly Polarized Wideband High Gain Antenna for THz Wireless Applications
Authors: Thami LCHHAB , GHZAOUI Mohammed EL
Published: July 2022

For several years, the fields of new technologies have been experiencing a real boom. The use of the terahertz band is an appropriate solution to meet the requirements of these technology. However, this technology has special requirements among which its antennas must have high bandwidth of few THz and achieve high gain for high productivity. In this paper, we will focus on the design and analysis of an antenna for THz technology. The antenna structure proposed in this work has better performance in terms of bandwidth and gain. In fact, multiples slots were added to the antenna to enhance the antenna’s bandwidth. in addition, to enhance the antenna performance in terms of gain and protect the antenna feed line against environmental jeopardies a thin layer as superstrate is used. The suggested antenna covers a wide − 10dB bandwidth from 0.9 THz to 17.3 THz with a peak gain of 12.8 dBi. Moreover, a VSWR less than 2 at the operating band is obtained. Furthermore, the suggested antenna has circular polarized radiations with an axial ration (AR) less than 3 dB over a wide band 13.6THz-17.3THz which mean that the proposed antenna is well suited for application where the transmitter and receiver are moving which is the most case for wireless system. Thus, the suggested THz antenna could be a successful choice for terahertz application like future high-speed short-range indoor wireless communication, explosive detections, arms detection, medical imaging, pharmaceutical analysis, and material characterization in the THz regime industrial inspections.
A flexible compartment model for simulation specific to COVID-19
Authors: Ohmori Hiroo
Published: July 2022

The dynamic relation among ‘Susceptible’, ‘Infected’, ‘Removed (Recovered)’, ‘Death’ and others for COVID-19 disease is a kind of multibody problem. It has been simulated mainly by the compartment models, of which the representative is the SIR model. For the SIR model, ‘Infected’ infects ‘Susceptible’ through the recovery period, and ‘Infected’ is removed as ‘Removed’ not only from the disease but also from the community after the recovery period is ended. For COVID-19, however, the infected individuals should be isolated from the community when they become symptomatic after the latent period is ended. Thus, the infected individuals do not infect susceptible individuals in the community after the latent period, even during the recovery period. Additionally, the infection has occurred in the community even during the latent period before the infected individuals are isolated due to being symptomatic. These two facts for COVID-19 suggest that the simulation by the SIR model would be less accurate in calculating the number of infected individuals and that the results might mislead political and medical interventions. For the model proposed here, the infected individuals are isolated from the community when they become symptomatic after the latent period is ended, but the recovered individuals who have medically recovered and have immunity return to the community, and the infection occurs even during the latent period. The model shows remarkably different results from those simulated by the SIR model. The model also provides the processes evaluating the political and social countermeasures against COVID-19.
Optical Bistability and Absorption characteristic of an Optomechanical system embedded with double quantum dot and nonlinear medium.
Authors: Yadav Surabhi , Bhatt Vijay , Bhattacherjee Aranya B , Jha Pradip K. , Roy Sanchita
Published: July 2022

Objective: This paper theoretically studies a hybrid optomechanical system embedded with two coupled quantum dots (CQDs) and a third-order Kerr nonlinear medium inside the cavity. The optical bistability and absorption spectrum are analyzed for the proposed system. Methods: From the Hamiltonian which describes the proposed system, a set of quantum Langevin equations are derived. Using these equations of motion, the steady-state mean field analysis is done which gives the phenomena of optical bistability. The performance of the optical switch is also analyzed in terms of gain and switching ratio. Further, the absorption spectrum of the system is derived and analyzed from the fluctuation dynamics. Results: The optical bistability has the potential to design tunable all-optical switches. The absorption spectra display peculiar characteristics of negative absorption (transparency dip). The transparency dips are found to be strongly dependent on the frequency of the mechanical resonator. The results of our investigation reveal that the proposed system can be used as an optical switch and has numerous other applications in quantum communication systems.
Risk factors associated with the incidence of clinical mastitis in pasture-based dairy herds in Colombia
Authors: Arenas David Jessé González , Vergara-Galván Mónica , Jiménez-Escobar Claudia , Zambrano-Varón Jorge
Published: July 2022

Inflammation of the mammary gland is a disease of great importance in milk production that generates significant financial losses worldwide. This study pretends to determine the occurrence, predominant pathogens, and risk factors associated with clinical mastitis in the province of Ubaté. The research required the design of a twenty-four-month longitudinal epidemiological study. Data from 504 small producers, 4233 animals in production, 133 mastitis clinical cases, and 53 microbiological cultures were analyzed using binary logistic regression models to establish the association between possible risk factors and disease. Results. The disease had an incidence rate per animal and per quarter between 2.0–4.0 and 0.6-1.0 new cases per 100 animals-quarter-year at risk. The most prevalent microorganisms isolated were Coagulase-negative staphylococci and environmental streptococci. The cow and quarter level risk factors identified were dirty mammary glands, hyperkeratosis, and nipple wounds. Herd-level risk factors include workwear exclusively for milking, the prevalence of subclinical mastitis, milking method, cleanness of the workwear, the water source used during milking, use of gloves, correct use of disinfectant, pre-milking management, handwashing before milking, and foremilk disposal. Conclusions. Preventive programs should aim to control risk factors related to hygiene and milking routine since these were associated with the presentation of clinical mastitis caused by environmental microorganisms that were the most prevalent in cows affected in this study.
Non-aging despite high mutation rate – genomic insights into the evolution of Hydra
Authors: Sahm Arne , Riege Konstantin , Groth Marco , Bens Martin , Kraus Johann , Fischer Martin , Kestler Hans , Englert Christoph , Schaible Ralf , Platzer Matthias , Hoffmann Steve
Published: July 2022

Hydra is a genus of freshwater polyps with remarkable regeneration abilities and a non-senescent phenotype under laboratory conditions. Thus, this animal is particularly interesting for aging research. Here, we gained insights into Hydra's recent genetic evolution by genome sequencing of single cells and whole individuals. Despite its extreme longevity, Hydra does not show a lower somatic mutation rate than humans or mice. While we identify biological processes that have evolved under positive selection in animals kept in optimal laboratory conditions for decades, we found no signs of strong negative selection during this tiny evolutionary window. Interestingly, we observe the opposite pattern for the preceding evolution in the wild over a longer time period. Moreover, we found evidence that Hydra evolution in captivity was accompanied and potentially accelerated by loss of heterozygosity. Processes under positive selection in captive animals include pathways associated with Hydra’s simple nervous system, its nucleic acid metabolic process, cell migration, and hydrolase activity. Genes associated with organ regeneration, regulation of mRNA splicing, histone ubiquitination, and mitochondrial fusion were identified as highly conserved in the wild. Remarkably, several of the processes under strongest selection are closely related to those considered essential for the exapted, i. e. not brought about by natural selection, feature: Hydra’s non-aging.
Classification of Ayurveda constitution types: A Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Khatua Debnarayan , Sekh Arif Ahmed , Kutum Rintu , Mukherji Mitali , Prasher Bhavana , Kar Samarjit
Published: July 2022

In precision medicine, there has been a paradigm shift, from a population average based one-size-fits all, to an individualized approach. The aim is to tailor a medicine according to an individual’s genetic make-up and response to drug, diet, and environment. Machine learning algorithms are being developed to dissect inter-individual variability in the population. This is more important for prevention of diseases in healthy individuals and early actionable interventions. In Ayurveda, the basic tenet of the practice is personalised - an individual’s constitution type “Prakriti” is used for predicting healthy and disease trajectories as well as individualized management. Any population can be stratified into seven Prakriti groups amongst which the Vata, Pitta and Kapha are the three phenotypic extremes with contrasting disease susceptibilities and response. Prakriti is assessed through examination of multi-system attributes and has been formalized into a questionnaire that captures 120 feature attributes for objective assessment. We use for the first time - powerful dense neural network deep learning algorithms for predicting Prakriti classes. The study was carried out on a validated dataset of 233 extreme Prakriti individuals derived from two genetically diverse cohorts from North and West India. We benchmark our method with the state-of-the-art supervised machine learning and establish a learning approach for transferring features from the Western to Northern Indian data and vice versa as well. Our study provides a computational framework for predicting Prakriti which can be implemented in large scale

studies of precision medicine. The dataset and the baseline implementation can be found in (https://github.com/skarifahmed/DeepAyurveda).
Impact of population based indoor residual spraying with and without mass drug administration with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine on malaria prevalence in a high transmission setting: a quasi-experimental controlled before-and-after trial in northeastern Uganda
Authors: Echodu Dorothy C. , Yeka Adoke , Eganyu Thomas , Odude Wycliff , Bukenya Fred , Amoah Benjamin , Wanzira Humphrey , Colborn Kathryn , Elliott Richard C. , Powell Suzanne E. , Kilama Maxwell , Mulebeke Ronald , Nankabirwa Joaniter , Giorgi Emanuele , Roskosky Mellisa , Omoding Osborn , Gonahasa Samuel , Opigo Jimmy
Published: July 2022

Background: Declines in malaria burden in Uganda have slowed. Modelling predicts that indoor residual spraying (IRS) and mass drug administration (MDA), when co-timed, have synergistic impact. This study investigated additional protective impact of population-based MDA on malaria prevalence, if any, when added to IRS, as compared with IRS alone and with standard of care (SOC). Methods: The 32-month prospective quasi-experimental controlled before-and-after trial enrolled an open cohort of residents (46,765 individuals, 1st enumeration and 52,133, 4th enumeration) in Katakwi District in northeastern Uganda. Consented participants were assigned to three arms based on residential subcounty at study start: MDA+IRS, IRS, and SOC. IRS with pirimiphos methyl and MDA with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine were delivered in 4 co-timed campaign-style rounds 8 months apart. The primary endpoint was population prevalence of malaria, estimated by 6 cross-sectional surveys, starting at baseline and preceding each subsequent round. Results: Comparing malaria prevalence in MDA+IRS and IRS only arms over all 6 surveys (intention-to-treat analysis), roughly every 6 months, post-interventions, a geostatistical model found a significant additional 15.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): [13.7%, 17.5%], Z=9.6, p= 5e-20) decrease in the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) due to MDA for all ages, a 13.3% reduction in under 5’s (95% CI: [10.5%, 16.8%], Z=4.02, p= 5e-5), and a 10.1% reduction in children 5-15 (95% CI: [8.5%, 11.8%], Z=4.7, p= 2e-5). All ages residents of the MDA + IRS arm enjoyed an overall 80.1% reduction (95% CI: [80.0%,83.0%, p=.0001] in odds of qPCR confirmed malaria compared with SOC residents. Secondary difference-indifference analyses comparing surveys at different timepoints to baseline showed aOR (MDA + IRS vs IRS) of qPCR positivity between 0.28 and 0.66 (p<.001). Of three serious adverse events, one (nonfatal) was considered related to study medications. Limitations include the initial non-random assignment of study arms, the single large cluster per arm, and the lack of an MDA-only arm, considered to violate equipoise. Conclusions: Despite being assessed at long timepoints 5-7 months post-round, MDA plus IRS provided significant additional protection from malaria infection over IRS alone. Randomized trials of large areas undergoing IRS recommended as well as cohort studies of impact on incidence. Trial registration: This trial was retrospectively registered 11/07/2018 with the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (PACTR201807166695568).
Novel use of Synthetic Titanium Dioxide Extracted from Zizyphus Spina-Christi for Removing CIP from Synthetic Wastewater
Authors: Alobaidi Tuqa B , alwared abeer
Published: July 2022

Biosynthesis of nanomaterials has piqued the interest of current researchers due to its low toxicity, reproducibility, environmental friendliness, economic viability, and low energy consumption. In this direction, for the first time, the ability of biosynthesis titanium dioxide nanoparticle prepared from Zizyphus-Spina-Christi leaves (Z-TiO2) to degrade ciprofloxacin(CIP) residue from aqueous solution by changing different initial parameters pH (3,5,7,9 and 11), CIP initial conc. (15,25,35,45,and 55) mg/L, Z-TiO2 concentration (15,25,35,45,and 55) mg/L, H2O2 conc. (50,75,100,200,400 and 600) mg/L, and temperature of (25,40,and 60) °C, and the results confirm the effectiveness of Z- TiO2 as that of commercial TiO2 to remove CIP, with a maximum removal percentage at 120 min of 91 % at (5,15 mg/L, 25 mg/L, 100 mg/L, and 25°C), respectively. Furthermore, the investigations demonstrated that Z-TiO2 might be employed as a potential for up to six cycles of photocatalytic oxidation of organic pollutants before it loses efficiency. Its usage as a catalyst is viable because of its low cost and great output rate.
Effect of Artificial Formalin Treatment on Fish Muscles Textural Quality and Different Formalin Lessening Techniques from Muscles
Authors: MEHTA NARESH KUMAR , Pal Durba , Majumdar Ranendra KUMAR , Priyadarshini M. Bhargavi
Published: July 2022

Many countries have reported formalin contamination for extending the shelf life of fish. As a reason, the current study was performed to understand the influence of three different concentrations of formalin on fish muscles quality and thereafter, some formalin lessening techniques were also assessed. The experimental fish treated with 1%, 5% & 10% formalin solutions for 5 min and as a result, the residual content enhanced to almost 7, 11 and 15 times respectively compared to fresh fish. The solubility and water holding capacity of muscle protein were found to be decreased significantly with increase in formalin concentration. The hardness of fish muscles increased with increase in formalin concentration and the value increased by 80% in the fish treated with 10% formalin. Similarly, the chewiness of muscles increased by 16–121% compared to untreated fish. Moreover, the total bacterial load on fish muscles also reduced markedly. In order to reduce formalin content in fish, formalin-treated fish was washed in running tap water, saline water and tepid water separately up to 30 minutes and thereby the content got reduced to the acceptable label in 20 min, 20 min, and 10 min respectively. Similarly, treated fish was fried for five minutes and content was reduced to acceptable limits. From the results, it was observed that formalin treatment not only reduced bacterial load but also impacted the texture of the fish muscles, creating the impression that the fish is fresh. Tepid water washing and frying process were effective in reducing formalin content in fish muscles.
Impact of different nitrogen additions on microbes and exopolysaccharides excretion in cyanobacterial biocrusts
Authors: Qian Long , Xiao Jingshang , Zhang Zulin , Yang Lie , Xia Ling , Farías María E. , Torres Rosa María , WU LI
Published: July 2022

Background Recently, it has been found that nitrogen (N) deposition could strongly affect the spatial pattern of biocrusts by reducing their cover. However, as the key cementing materials in the formation and stabilization of biocrusts, little has been known about the response of exopolysaccharides (EPS) to N deposition.Method Three N sources nitrate nitrogen (NN), ammonia nitrogen (AN), urea (UN) with three gradients (2 mg/g, 4 mg/g, 8 mg/g) were set to evaluate the effects of N addition on the microbial community and EPS excretion in laboratory. Results Our results showed the addition of AN and UN (2-4 mg/g) strongly decreased the cyanobacterial biomass, indicated by chlorophyll-a and16s rDNA gene copy-number. The results also suggested that although medium and high NN (4-8 mg/g) inhibited the growth of Microcoleus vaginatus, they promoted Cyanobacteria growth. Additionally, high-throughput sequencing results showed N addition increased the α-biodiversity of biocrusts, and microbial community shifted from more Cyanobacteria to more Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, especially driven by AN and UN. Notably, EPS in biocrusts was significantly reduced after high-N addition, and the co-reduction of cyanobacterial biomass and EPS would undoubtedly affect the stabilization and persistence of early-stage biocrusts. Meanwhile, the reduced proportion of Rhamnose and Fucose in EPSs may further reduce the adhesion of EPS to soil. Conclusion These findings improve our understanding of biocrusts' responses to N deposition. Considering the importance of cyanobacteria and EPS in biocrusts, cyanobacterial biocrust coverage may face more serious challenges, in the context of continuous increasing N deposition in drylands.