bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated ultra-wideband tunable Fourier domain mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator
Authors: Tian Yonghui , Han Zhen , Wang Liheng , Zheng Yong , Zhang Pu , Jiang Yongheng , Xiao Huifu , Zhou XuDong , Yuan Mingrui , Low Mei Xian , Dubey Aditya , Nguyen Thach , Boes Andreas , Hao Qinfen , Ren Guanghui , Mitchell Arnan
Published: July 2024

Fourier domain mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator (FDML OEO) is a crucial component for the upcoming sixth-generation (6G) communication era, as it can break the limitation of mode building time in the conventional OEO and generate high-quality frequency-tunable microwave signals or waveform such as linearly chirped microwave waveform (LCMW) for millimeter-wave applications thanks to its ultra-low phase noise. However, most FDML OEOs reported thus far are discrete and their operating bandwidth are limited, which makes it difficult to meet the real applications’ requirements. Here, we propose and demonstrate the first integrated tunable FDML OEO with the tunable frequency range of 3-42.5 GHz in the lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) photonic integrated circuit platform. As examples, we demonstrate the generation of LCMW, quadratic-chirp signal, and triangle waveform with the center frequency covering millimeter-wave band using the proposed FDML OEO and the phase noise can be maintained as low as -93dBc/Hz at 10 KHz. The FDML OEO provides a promising solution for the compact and effective signal generation solution, which breaks the bandwidth limitations and facilitates the realization of extensive applications in the field of radio frequency (RF), including high-precision microwave photonic radar, next-generation wireless communication, and unmanned autonomous driving systems.
Meta-unstable mRNAs in activated CD8+ T cells are defined by interlinked AU-rich elements and m6A mRNA methylation
Authors: Gameiro Paulo A , Foskolou Iosifina P. , Martens Aniek , Kuret Klara , Mozos Igor Ruiz de los , Hozjan Žan , Kot Veronica , Faraway Rupert , Vermeulen Michiel , Wolkers Monika C. , Johnson Randall S. , Ule Jernej
Published: July 2024

CD8+ T cells can rapidly produce effector molecules following activation. This activation triggers fast changes in gene expression that rely on control of mRNA levels via multiple transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms, including RNA modifications. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is an abundant post-transcriptional modification that promotes the decay of messenger RNAs in the cytosol. How recognition of m6A sites is integrated with other regulatory mechanisms that alter the fate of immunoregulatory mRNAs in CD8+ T cells remains unexplored. Here, we applied the m6A-iCLIP (miCLIP) method and identified m6A antibody binding in RRACH and in AU-rich (ARE) motifs within 3’UTRs of CD8+ T cell mRNAs. The combined miCLIP signal in both motifs defined and predicted meta-unstable mRNAs that rapidly decayed upon CD8+ T cell activation. We demonstrate that mutations in the identified AREs are epistatic with RRACH mutations in their effects on TNF mRNA stability. Notably, the AREs in these mRNAs show enriched iCLIP crosslinking of YTHDF proteins, which were also identified by proteomic analyses of methylated ARE sequences along with additional novel RNA-binding proteins. Our study thus reveals a hitherto unexplored regulatory layer that interlinks m6A and ARE biology in CD8+ T cells, providing new approaches for modulating mRNA decay through m6A and ARE sites.
In Silico Evaluation of Lumacaftor for Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: M TEJAS
Published: July 2024

Cystic fibrosis is a common life-limiting autosomal recessive genetic disorder that causes severe damage to lungs, digestive system and other organs in the body. This disease is a result of mutation in a gene that encodes for chloride-conducting transmembrane channel called CFTR, which in turn regulates mucociliary clearance and anion transport in the airways. No effective curative options exist for treatment of Cystic fibrosis. The available drugs exhibit low therapeutic index and can only ease symptoms and reduce complications associated with it. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of one such FDA approved drug called Lumacaftor by molecular docking and other in silico studies. The most prevalent CFTR mutation causing cystic fibrosis, ΔF508, impairs folding of nucleotide binding domain 1 and stability of the interface between NBD1. Lumacaftor and drugs like Lumacaftor are modulators 0f F508del-CFTR are responsible for the partial correction of interfacial stability and cellular processing defects.
Classification code: I
The Work of the Resettlement Administration in the Uriankhai Region in the Early 20th Century in the Context of the Development of Russian-Tuvan Relations
Authors: Vasilenko Victoria A. ,   St. Petersburg Branch of the Archive, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of the work of the resettlement administration at the beginning of the twentieth century in the Uriankhai region (modern Republic of Tyva). The creation of a permanent resettlement management body on the territory of the former colony of China has become an important factor contributing to the strengthening of Russian-Tuvan economic ties. In foreign and domestic historiography, the issues of implementing tasks to streamline the colonization process in Uriankhai are considered in the context of a general analysis of the socio-political development of Russian-Tuvan ties, the solution of the “Uriankhai issue” in the diplomacy of Russia, China and Mongolia. In fact, there are no special studies devoted to the analysis of the work of the resettlement management bodies in the field. The purpose of this article is to analyze the activities of the Russian authorities to streamline the process of resettlement and improvement of the region in the early twentieth century. This topic is relevant in the context of the implementation of state support programs for the settlement of Siberia and the Far East. The article uses a microhistoric approach, a special method of source analysis, as well as general scientific methods of comparison, analysis, generalization and comparison of factual material, which made it possible to identify the general nature of the implementation of the tasks of resettlement management in border regions. The article is based on the materials of the Russian State Historical Archive, the State Archive of the Republic of Tyva, the State Archive of the Irkutsk region. China and Mongolia, seeking to strengthen their influence in the province after the establishment of the Russian protectorate, did not have their own mechanisms of political and economic influence, so most of the activities implemented by the Resettlement Department on the ground were perceived positively by the Tuvan population. This fact refutes the prevailing opinion of Soviet researchers about the purely "negative" impact of the tsarist government on the economic development of Tuva in the early twentieth century. The conflicts and contradictions arising between the resettlement official and the border commissioner, the local population, were not of a private nature, as is commonly believed in Russian historiography, but were due to the difference in the official positions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Main Directorate of Land Management and Agriculture on the "Urianhai question"
The Consequences of the Pandemic: Pro-Social Practices and Community Solidarity
Authors: Polyushkevich Oksana A. ,   Irkutsk State University
Published: July 2024

The relevance of the work is in studying the impact of pro-social practices on the social solidarity of society after the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of the study was pro-social practices and processes of social solidarity in a pandemic. The research methods were electronic diaries of participants in pro-social practices and their publications on social networks about which events they took part in. As a result of the study, we found that a decrease in habitual activity led to a desire to seek additional activity, its main motives are four key meanings of prosocial activity (care for others, participation in socially useful activities, the opportunity to share one’s experience and knowledge, form social capital, be useful and needed by other people). Among pro-socially active people, a high level of trust in the government has been established, which was formed during the pandemic and continues to this day as an internal confidence in the correctness of decisions made at any level, while fear as a social phenomenon that took shape during the start of the pandemic now continues, but is transforming into new levels and forms of anxiety. The key role of negative emotional experiences and emotional stress is emphasized, the counterbalance (struggle) against which was participation in prosocial practices, emphasis is placed on strengthening the best and worst qualities of a person in a pandemic and participation in prosocial activities, this either enhances positive or smooths out negative qualities. It is also concluded that education and health are more important than consumption, this determines the format of new meaningful life guidelines for participants in pro-social practices. The novelty of this study lies in the conclusion that the consequence of the new living conditions after the pandemic are alternative behaviors, new meanings of life and life scenarios. The prospect of further research is to monitor the more distant consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, their impact on social identity and community solidarity.
The Problem of Human Self-Understanding in the Era of Challenges of the Technologically Developing World
Authors: Chernikova Irina V. ,   National Research Tomsk State University
Published: July 2024

Today, in the era of technoscience challenges, while NBICS technologies allow transformation of human nature, the problem is readdressed. What should we do not to lose a human nature while deploying human enhancement technologies? In what way the theme of human nature and the theme of human evolution relate to each other? What is the difference between the attitudes of new humanism, transhumanism and posthumanism, in the context of which the evolution of human being is discussed today? Achievements of science and technology in studying the consciousness, brain, genes, human evolution, as well as the impact of NBICS technologies on humans and programs of human enhancement have actualized the problems of human self-understanding. In the discussion of the problem of human future, several contexts were identified in which various options for transforming a human, human extension, transition to a posthuman are considered. The very idea of formation of the posthuman concept speaks of the acceptance of the human transformation under the influence of high technologies and the will to discuss the mechanisms of its species evolution. The projects of new humanism focus on improving the human being according to the programs of human enhancement. Transhumanism and posthumanism are characterized by the unifying principle of antihumanism, the rejection of human as a measureof all things. The paper presents the concepts of human and his evolution that have developed in classical philosophical anthropology, a comparative analysis of the philosophical attitudes of humanism, transhumanism and posthumanism in understanding human evolution is carried out. We show the danger of the involutional development path, which hides behind many constructs of a person proposed in transhumanism, posthumanism, in the humanological concept of human evolution.
Philosophy of Suicide in Virtual Space
Authors: Ardashev Roman G. ,   Siberian Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Published: July 2024

The paper studies the formation of the philosophy of suicide, the involvement of participants of different ages and statuses in death groups, and also reveals the specifics of the development of the philosophy of suicide in the digital world. The theoretical basis for the development of the philosophy of suicide in the virtual world is the concept of the game and the person playing by Johan Huizinga. Playing as a principle of the virtual world leaves its mark on the irrational foundations of the work of consciousness, where the lines between real and unreal, between life and death, between the willingness to start re-living life after death as in a computer game and the ability to also perceive suicide, after which another life is possible, are blurred in the same world. As a confirmation of the hypotheses put forward, we present the results of a qualitative study conducted by the method of structural-symbolic analysis of 1820 publications on the Internet, on sites and pages of social networks, which reflect the psychology and philosophy of suicide. The data obtained were analyzed using cluster analysis of the AskNET package. As well as an expert survey of psychologists, psychotherapists, philosophers, culturologists, priests working on the theoretical understanding of suicide issues or with those who have had suicide attempts. As a result, data were obtained on the irrational foundations of thinking of those who are prone to suicide or suicidal behavior, unwillingness to solve their social fears and limitations, the presence of behavioral stigmatization, the absence of critical thinking, emotional, cognitive and intellectual rigidity. There are three strategies for the development of the philosophy of suicide in the virtual world: auto-aggression, imposed ideas about death, contagiousness (imitation) of the behavior of members of death groups. The structure of the development of the philosophy of suicide, which is maximally revealed in the virtual world, is also substantiated: reliance on existing buildings, mythologization, crystallization, alternative options, rebirth. Further research is needed to study resistance to external pressure, readiness to obey and find support in closed communities of death and to analyze virtual-mediated philosophy of suicide.
Sensitivity of model-based leakage localisation in water distribution networks to water demand sampling rates and spatio-temporal data gaps
Authors: Oberascher Martin , Maussner Claudia , Cominola Andrea , Sitzenfrei Robert
Published: July 2024

Model-based leakage localisation in water distribution networks requires accurate estimates of nodal demands to correctly simulate hydraulic conditions. While digital water meters installed at household premises can be used to provide high-resolution information on water demands, questions arise regarding the necessary temporal resolution of water demand data for effective leak localisation. In addition, how do temporal and spatial data gaps affect leak localisation performance? To address these research gaps, a real-world water distribution network is first extended with the stochastic water end-use model PySIMDEUM. Then, more than 700 scenarios for leak localisation assessment characterised by different water demand sampling resolutions, data gap rates, leak size, time of day for analysis, and data imputation methods are investigated. Numerical results indicate that during periods with high/peak demand, a fine temporal resolution (e.g., 15 min or less) is required for the successful localisation of leakages. However, regardless of the sampling frequency, leak localisation with a sensitivity analysis achieves a good performance during periods with low water demand (localisation success is on average 95%). Moreover, improvements in leakage localisation might occur depending on the data imputation method selected for data gap management, as it can mitigate random/sudden temporal and spatial fluctuations of water demands.
Coupled weather and crop simulation modeling for smart irrigation planning: a review
Authors: S. Mohamed Naziq , N. K. Sathyamoorthy , Ga Dheebakaran , S. Pazhanivelan , N. Vadivel
Published: July 2024

Efficient irrigation scheduling is essential for optimizing crop yields and water-use efficiency. This review examines crop simulation models and methods for improving irrigation management, with a focus on integrating weather forecast data. The FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) developed models such as AquaCrop, WOFOST (WOrld FOod Studies), DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer), and APSIM (Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator), exploring the incorporation of forecasted ETo (reference evapotranspiration) calculated based on forecasted values of weather through the Penman-Monteith method and rainfall data into the models using modified rule-based approaches with various forecast horizons, which enhances irrigation planning. Optimization methods, including genetic algorithms coupled with crop models, are also assessed and have shown significant water savings and profit gains compared with traditional farming practices. Emerging real-time irrigation scheduling tools, including simulation-optimization, field data assimilation, and human–machine interactions, further improve productivity and water conservation. Studies have also shown that web-based decision support using satellite remote sensing and crop models can be used to effectively monitor crop water status and predict real-time irrigation needs. Ongoing innovations like coupling crop models with optimization techniques, weather forecasting, remote sensing, and recommendations based on field experiments have shown promise for transforming irrigation planning and management.
Challenges Faced by Midwives who Care for Neonates in Neonatal Intensive Care Units of Public Hospitals in Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Mathebula Mpho G , Bopape Mamare A , Mutshatshi Takalani E , Ramavhoya Thifhelimbilu I
Published: July 2024

Background

Providing quality neonatal care is one of the most challenging healthcare service issues globally. Ensuring quality care during pregnancy and delivery is paramount to improving health outcomes and reducing mortality among neonates. About 2.9 million neonatal deaths occur worldwide, accounting for 40% under 5 years’ deaths. Midwives in the neonatal intensive care units of public hospitals in Limpopo province encounter challenges such as shortage of staff, inadequate and malfunctioning equipment, etc. when rendering care to small and sick neonates.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the challenges encountered by midwives who provide care to neonates at neonatal intensive care units of Public hospitals in Limpopo province, South Africa.

Methods

A qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual research designs were used. A non-probability purposive sampling was employed to select twelve (12) midwives who constituted the sample. The sample size was not pre-determined, however, it was determined by data saturation. Data were collected through one-on-one semi-structured interviews using an interview guide. Tesch’s eight steps were utilised to analyse data wherein themes and sub-themes emerged.

Results

The results revealed that midwives encounter several challenges such as shortage of staff, inadequate infrastructure or structure of NICU, work overload, lack of equipment and supplies, etc., when providing care to neonates in NICUs of the public hospitals.

Conclusion

The study recommended the implementation of hiring additional staff, staff training in neonatal care specialty and short courses, renovations of NICUs, consistent provision of equipment and material resources to improve the quality of neonatal care and reduce neonatal mortality.
Regular Consumption of Fortified Growing-up Milk Attenuates Upper Respiratory Tract Infection among Young Children in Indonesia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Dewi Dian Kusuma , Adi Nuri Purwito , Prayogo Ari , Sundjaya Tonny , Wasito Erika , Kekalih Aria , Basrowi Ray Wagiu , Jo Juandy
Published: July 2024

Introduction

A Growing-up Milk (GUM) supplemented with short-chain Galacto-oligosaccharides (scGOS), long-chain Fructo-oligosaccharides (lcFOS), and omega-3 Long-chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (n-3 LCPUFAs) could support the development of the immune system to prevent the Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URTI) and associated morbidities. It is of interest to assess whether a daily consumption of scGOS/lcFOS/n-3 LCPUFAs-fortified GUM for a minimum of 6 months reduces URTI incidences within the subsequent 3 months among young children in Indonesia.

Methods

A total of 154 children aged 18 to 36 months were recruited in this retrospective cohort study and categorized into exposed and non-exposed groups (78 and 76 children, respectively). A guided interview was conducted with each subject’s parent. Demographic and clinical information was collected, including incidence of URTI within the past three months, duration of URTI, as well as the frequency of medical visits when contracting URTI. The bivariate analysis via chi-square test as well as the multivariate analysis via binary logistic regression were performed.

Results

The overall characteristics were similar between groups with certain distinctions. The bivariate analysis indicated the exposed group to have better protection against URTI within the past 3 months as compared to the non-exposed group (RR=0.62; 95% CI=0.41-0.92; P<0.05). The multivariate analysis reinforced the finding by reporting that the exposed group was indeed protected against URTI (adjusted RR=0.42; 95% CI=0.21-0.85; P<0.05).

Conclusion

A routine consumption of scGOS/lcFOS/n-3 LCPUFAs-fortified GUM for a minimum of 6 months among Indonesian young children protected against URTI up to 58%, suggesting that fortified GUM consumption supports proper development of the immune system.
THE ANTIFUNGAL EFFECTIVITY TEST OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF KIDNEY BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.) AGAINST CANDIDA ALBICANS USING IN VITRO METHOD
Authors: Hakim Hidayat Lukman , Dwi Fitriani Risa
Published: July 2024

Introductions: Candida albicans can causes an infection called candidiasis. Kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are natural products that contain several active compounds such as saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and coumarins that can damage the membrane and cell wall of Candida albicans. Methods: The design of this study used true experimental post control design only with the tube dilution method. Extract concentrations used were 3200 mg/ml, 3600 mg/ml, 4000 mg/ml, 4400 mg/ml, 4800 mg/ml, 5200 mg/ml, 5600 mg/ml, and 6000 mg/ml. This study used a negative control (extract 0%) and a positive control (Nystatin 1%), each of which was added with Candida albicans. Results: The results showed that the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was obtained at 5200 mg/ml and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) was obtained at 6000 mg/ml. One Way ANOVA statistical test results showed a significant difference (significance value 0,000; p< 0.05). Pearson correlation test showed the direction of the negative correlation (r = -0.945; p <0.01). Discussion: The ability of ethanolic extract of kidney bean to inhibit growth and kill the Candida albicans is due to the active compounds contained in it, namely flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and coumarin. Flavonoids can cause protein denaturation. Saponins have the ability to kill Candida albicans by forming pores in the double lipidic layer that results on the loss of cell integrity. Tannins have the ability to inhibit fungal growth by inhibiting the synthesis of chitin and damaging cell membranes. Coumarins can cause fungal death by interfering with cell wall synthesis. Conclusions: The conclusion of this research is the ethanol extract of kidney bean can inhibit at the concentration of 5200 mg/ml and kill the growth of Candida albicans at the concentration of 6000 mg/ml.
Colocacións co verbo soporte «dar» en galego e español mailos seus equivalentes en lingua croata
Authors: Martínez Vicente Alejandro
Published: July 2024

Este livro, Colocacións co verbo soporte «dar» en galego e español mailos seus equivalentes en lingua croata, é produto de uma tese de doutoramento em galego realizada na Croácia na Universidade de Zadar. O objetivo desta tese foi compilar e analisar o aparelho colocacional com o verbo suporte «dar» em galego e espanhol e, a par deste, estabelecer os equivalentes que existem em croata e comparar as três línguas. Desta forma, neste livro oferece-se um estudo das colocações com verbo suporte (CVS) para cada uma das línguas ibero-românicas, para além de um para os equivalentes croatas. A par disto, é também feita uma análise contrastiva entre as compilações das três línguas. A análise das CVS ibero-românicas permitiu-nos dar contributos sobre a descrição linguística deste tipo de semifrasemas. Tornando assim possível detalhar de forma sólida a sua natureza interna e as suas características em comparação com outros tipos de fraseologismos ou combinações, para, desta forma, estabelecer limites precisos para as CVS. Do lado croata, apesar de se tratar de uma compilação de equivalentes, que não necessitam de ser CVS, são também oferecidas conclusões que contribuem para a descrição linguística desta língua eslava. No estudo contrastivo das três línguas, para além dos contributos já referidos, são apresentadas conclusões e propostas relevantes para melhorar a aquisição do GLE e do ELE com especial enfoque nos alunos cuja língua materna é o croata. A extensa compilação de unidades de análise deste artigo inclui 11687 vozes, das quais 7776 são CVS, 3457 verbos simples correspondentes, 294 unidades fraseológicas e 160 equivalentes que são sintagmas livres.
Mapping and projections of obesity in the Brazilian adult population assisted in Primary Health Care: impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Cruciol e Souza Luiza , Usuda Prado Rocha Daniela Mayumi , Da Silva Costa Guilherme Henrique , Vidigal Castro Luiza Carla , Miranda Hermsdorff Helen Hermana
Published: July 2024

Objective: To map the temporal evolution of overweight and obesity in Brazilian adults and estimate the prevalence of obesity for 2025 and 2030, evaluating the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Data were collected on the nutritional status of adults from 2008 to 2021 from the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN), from which we calculated the prevalence and average annual rates of the variation of overweight and obesity. The projection of obesity, using linear regression, was analyzed in three scenarios: PP: with data from the pre-pandemic period (2008- 2019); outlier: with adjustment of the data trend (2008-2021), including the pandemic period, considering a return of scenario PP for projections from 2022; P: adjustment of pandemic data (2019-2021) to estimate the projection. Result: In the period 2008– 2021, we observed an average annual rate of overweight increase of 0.48 %/year. The prevalence of obesity more than doubled during this period, from 14.5% in 2008 to 32.9% in 2021 (i.e., an increase of 1.42). In the outlier scenario, the prevalence projections for obesity are 38.8% and 45.5% for 2015 and 2030, respectively. In the PP scenario (without the pandemic), the expected prevalence for the same period would be approximately 36.8% and 43.4%, respectively. Conclusion: Obesity and overweight follow an increasing trend. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the increase in the prevalence of obesity in Brazil and impacted its projections for the coming years.
ChatGPT's Role in Healthcare: What Does Twitter Tell Us About Public Sentiment? (Preprint)
Authors: Li Meng-Hao , Baxter Patrick , Wei Jiaxin , Koizumi Naoru
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

The advent of AI-based large language models (LLMs) in 2022 has given rise to a plethora of discussions within the academic community. The discourse is multifaceted, with enthusiastic users lauding the sophisticated chatbots' potential to assist with writing tasks. Nevertheless, critics have warned that the cultural and ethical implications of relying on LLMs may be too costly to bear. The literature on LLMs spans multiple fields and often focuses on overlapping themes, such as their appropriate integration, analytical performance, and practical benefits for users. However, there is a notable gap in examining the nature of these discussions. The societal impact of LLMs ultimately depends on users' opinions, as technophiles and luddites shape the trajectory of technological adoption. To address this, our study assessed public opinion and perception of the most popular LLM available: ChatGPT.

OBJECTIVE

In our current work, we aimed to understand how LLMs opinions and sentiment shared by the general public may contrast the opinions shared among academic researchers and other field experts to gain a broader view for the future direction of LLMs in healthcare.

METHODS

We utilized the Academic Twitter API to retrieve tweets with search terms “ChatGPT AND (health OR healthcare OR hospital OR physician OR nurse OR nursing OR patient)”. This data collection process was executed for the period between December 1st, 2022, the day after ChatGPT became publicly available, to March 20th, 2023. Our analysis consisted of three phases: 1) Human-labeled sentiment tweet classification; 2) Algorithm-based sentiment tweet classification; and 3) Structural Topic Model to distinctly group tweet content.

RESULTS

Using an innovative approach that integrates the Syuzhet package with GPT-3.5, we achieved 84% accuracy in sentiment classification. Further investigation using structural topic modeling revealed eight distinct topics covering both optimistic and concerned perspectives. The results indicated a predominantly positive sentiment towards the integration of LLMs in healthcare, especially in areas such as patient care and decision making. However, notable concerns were raised in the areas of mental health support and patient communication.

CONCLUSIONS

This study highlights the significant potential of LLMs to transform healthcare, while also addressing the ethical and practical challenges. It further contributes to the ongoing scholarly discourse concerning the advantages and disadvantages of LLMs within the healthcare domain.

CLINICALTRIAL
Antifungal Effect of Leaf Extracts on the Groundnut Late Leaf Spot Pathogen Cercosporidium personatum
Authors: Putranto Dwiyandito Ikhsan , Kasiamdari Rina Sri
Published: July 2024

Late leaf spot of groundnut is caused by the fungal pathogen of Cercosporidium personatum. Efforts to prevent this disease generally use synthetic fungicides that can cause environmental pollution. This study aims to identify the fungal pathogen of groundnut late leaf spot and study the antifungal effect of leaf extract of some plants for leaf spot intensity suppression. Late leaf spot pathogen was identified based on morphological characteristics of hyphae and conidia. The leaf extracts of butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea), Mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia), basil (Ocimum gratissimum), and sugar apple (Annona squamosa) at a concentration of 25% against C. personatum were evaluated in vitro based on growth inhibition. The growth and intensity of groundnut disease attacks were assessed for seven weeks by inoculating C. personatum and application of the leaf extracts. Results showed that the pathogen was identified as C. personatum with conidia characteristics of cylindrical to obclavate, short and slightly curved with four septa, and 35.75 × 7.11 µm in size. The percentage of inhibition of C. personatum in vitro reached 94.03% by leaf extract of C. ternatea, 88.56% by T. diversifolia, 87.20% by O. gratissimum, and 84.10% by A. squamosa. Treatment of C. ternatea increased plant height up to 12.85% and reduced the most optimal percentage of the infected leaves up to 61.53%. C. ternatea leaf extract was found to be the most effective extract to suppress C. personatum infection by 77.94%, while T. diversifolia, O. gratissimum, and A. squamosa reduced disease severity by 70.15%, 65.43%, and 57.76%, respectively.
Bosque, campo y barbecho. Selecciones de William M. Denevan
Authors: William Maxfield Denevan
Published: July 2024

Este libro es un tributo tanto a William M. Denevan como a los numerosos investigadores —geógrafos y afines— de una docena de disciplinas diferentes de quienes ha sido mentor, en quienes ha influido y con quienes ha colaborado a lo largo de su extensa trayectoria. A través de selecciones de su obra publicada, este libro presenta y cataloga los setenta años de carrera de uno de los geógrafos latinoamericanistas más productivos y comprometidos. A lo largo de siete secciones temáticas, se publican en este compendio algunos de los trabajos más representativos de Denevan, acompañados de presentaciones realizadas por expertos en las materias tratadas. Se incluyen también tres capítulos que ofrecen antecedentes biográficos y reflexiones personales sobre la carrera de Denevan. En conjunto con la presentación de la bibliografía cronológica completa de este estudioso y con los cuidadosos escritos introductorios a cargo de los editores y del célebre periodista y académico Charles Mann, los textos reunidos en este volumen trazan el panorama biográfico e intelectual de una trayectoria que se ha esforzado por responder a los desafíos empíricos y teóricos del estudio geográfico. Así, este libro promete ofrecer a los actuales y futuros estudiantes e investigadores de la vida y los paisajes latinoamericanos una colección de estudios y comentarios que señala el camino hacia las tradiciones más genuinas de la geografía.
Prevalencia y Grado de Insatisfacción con la Talla Corporal y con Partes del Cuerpo entre Adultos
Authors: Bello Martínez Itzel Araceli , Acuña Morales Laura
Published: July 2024

Se averiguó la prevalencia y el grado de insatisfacción con la talla corporal global y con partes del cuerpo de adultos mexicanos con diferentes características sociodemográficas e Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC). De entre ocho siluetas femeninas o masculinas, 1205 mujeres y 431 hombres (18-86 años) seleccionaron las representativas de sus tallas actual e ideal y respondieron un cuestionario de insatisfacción con partes y características del cuerpo. La prevalencia de insatisfacción con la talla global fue más alta que con las distintas partes del cuerpo. El grado de insatisfacción varió entre anhelar hasta siete tallas menos gruesas que la actual y hasta tres más gruesas. La prevalencia de insatisfacción con la talla global no varió en función del sexo, pero las mujeres estaban insatisfechas en mayor grado que los hombres. Ambos índices de insatisfacción con las partes del cuerpo fueron mayores entre mujeres. La talla conforme el IMC determinó la insatisfacción en mayor medida que las características sociodemográficas; la insatisfacción aumentó con el IMC. Se concluyó que los adultos están tan insatisfechos con su talla como los jóvenes. Se recalca la importancia de reportar los puntos de corte y los datos para ambos, la prevalencia y el grado de insatisfacción.
Bacteriófagos: los virus que se emplearán como agentes terapéuticos de las infecciones ocasionadas por bacterias multirresistentes a los antimicrobianos
Authors: Garza Velasco Raúl , Garza-Manero Sylvia P. , Pastelín-Palacios Rodolfo , Moreno-Eutimio Mario Adán
Published: July 2024

Una de las peores crisis en el campo de la salud humana es la relativa a la actual incompetencia de numerosos antibióticos para curar enfermedades bacterianas ocasionadas por cepas multirresistentes. Se estima que alrededor de 700,000 personas mueren cada año por esta causa y que la cifra ascenderá a 10 millones anuales en 2050. Además, en los recientes 20 años la Food and Drug Administration sólo ha autorizado dos nuevos antibióticos, lo que resulta insuficiente para contender con la creciente resistencia bacteriana.
Ante este oscuro panorama, el estudio de los bacteriófagos (fagos, abreviado) se ha venido intensificando mundialmente, buscando hallazgos que conduzcan a la aprobación de la denominada terapia fágica. Ésta se basa en la capacidad de innumerables fagos para replicarse en sus respectivas bacterias “blanco” y causar su inexorable destrucción.
La terapia fágica ha mostrado mejores cualidades que los antibióticos: no ocasionaría efectos secundarios ni afectaría a la microbiota humana, entre otros diversos beneficios.
El presente trabajo describe las principales características de los bacteriófagos y señala las principales observaciones de los trabajos científicos, lo que actualizará en el tema al profesorado y estudiantado en general, pero sobre todo al de la carrera de Química Farmacéutico-Biológica.
Effective law enforcement and human security in Mexico
Authors: Betancourt Higareda Felipe Carlos , Olvera García Jorge , Piña Libien Hiram Raúl , Flores Martínez Alejandra
Published: July 2024

Mexico is experiencing a level of violence and crime that threatens human rights and prevents the attainment of human security and human development. Effective law enforcement should not only be approached as a worthy ideal, or something only desirable or convenient, but as a human right, since it is focused on achieving the greatest protection of the most fundamental rights of the people: life, freedom, integrity, property, among others. This article develops this argument by examining legal doctrines on the subject and proposes the centrality of effective law enforcement to strengthen not only the rule of law, but individual security as well as other types of security. It thus highlights the importance of a better state handling of law enforcement in order to achieve peace, order, and prosperity in Mexico. Finally, this article also provides a description of the various means of challenge and appeal which are available in Mexico by which the human right to effective law enforcement may be obtained in order to achieve a minimum threshold of public security that could effectively guarantee human security and freedom.
Entrevista al Dr. José Antonio Álvarez León
Authors: Guerrero Benitez Axel Joseph , Flores Flores Juan Alberto
Published: July 2024

El Dr. José Antonio Alvarez Léon, es Profesor de Carrera Titular "B" Tiempo Completo Definitivo, Adscrito al Programa de Posgrado en Derecho de la Fes Acatlán. Es PRIDE "C"  y Pertenece al Sistema Nacional de Investigadores Nivel 1.
Editorial
Authors: Brito Melgarejo Rodrigo , Álvarez León José Antonio
Published: July 2024

El número  20 de la Revista del Posgrado en Derecho de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, abre una nueva época editorial. Los contenidos aquí presentados guardan la línea que ha caracterizado las dos anteriores épocas, es decir, presentar trabajo jurídicos con corte multidisciplinario, con temas de actualidad y de reflexión científica, pero se aderezará con comentarios editoriales que refieran a temas de cine, cultura y política jurídica. También se seguirán incorporando entrevistas de interés para la comunidad universitaria y para los lectores así como, temas relevantes que resalten en trabajo que cada una de las entidades  participantes del Posgrado que las hace particulares  y relevantes.
En este número se publica  un artículo relacionado con México y el contexto mundial que es indispensable para entender temas de actualidad como los tratados internacionales en materia comercial y la propiedad intelectual, junto a la vinculación con la legislación de nuestro país. El texto lleva por nombre “La regulación de las marcas no tradicionales en el T-MEC y en la nueva ley federal mexicana de propiedad intelectual” y fue escrito por César Joel Ramírez Montes, quien analiza comparativamente las legislaciones tanto de los Estados Unidos como de la Unión Europea en su relación con la legislación mexicana en materia de propiedad intelectual y respecto de marcas no tradicionales como son las olfativas, las sonoras, las táctiles y las gustativas. Si bien es cierto, la legislación emitida a partir de 2018 es más flexible en torno a dichos tipos de marcas, también es verdad que falta un largo camino por recorrer para darle más certeza y seguridad a ese tipo de producción del intelecto humano.
The Ability of the Indigenous Bacteria Chromobacterium haemolyticum strain W15 to Degrade Chromium (Cr) and Lead (Pb) in Liquid Coal Waste
Authors: Nidyananda Diva Chantya , Isworo Slamet
Published: July 2024

The use of coal as a raw material for power plants has a good economic impact, but it also has a detrimental environmental impact, particularly due to the presence of Cr and Pb, heavy metals with bioaccumulation and biomagnification qualities. Efforts to control Pb and Cr in liquid coal waste can be achieved by bioremediation. The goal of this study is to screen indigenous bacteria, identify, and test biodegradation on the best bacteria capable of degrading Cr and Pb. Bacterial screening is done experimentally in the lab. Bacterial identification is done using morphological, biochemical, and molecular genetic methods. Using atomic absorption spectroscopy to validate Cr and Pb biodegradation research. Biodegradation experiments revealed that the efficacy of indigenous bacteria reduced Pb by 216% (0.238 ppm to 0.11 ppm) and Cr by 195% (0.34 ppm to 0.174 ppm). The findings of biochemical, morphological, and molecular genetic studies revealed that the top bacterial strains were up to 96% related. using Chromobacterium haemolyticum strain W15. Chromobacterium haemolyticum strain X, an indigenous bacteria capable of degrading Cr and Pb, was successfully isolated from liquid waste.
Pengaruh konformitas positif terhadap kompetensi sosio-emosional yang dimediasi oleh self-efficacy pada santri remaja
Authors: Rita Rita , Iswinarti Iswinarti , Siti Suminarti Fasikhah
Published: July 2024

Socio-emotional competence in adolescence is needed in socio-emotional development where individuals are able to manage emotions and interact with others and develop healthy relationships. Positive conformity behavior is used as a cognitive strategy to adjust to peer groups so that deviant behavior can be avoided. In order for positive conformity to develop properly, self-efficacy is needed as a mediator to increase socio-emotional competence. The purpose of this study was to examine self-efficacy as a mediator between positive conformity and socio-emotional competence. This research method uses a quantitative approach using population quotas. The subjects in this study were all 197 students of SMP YPUI Darul Ulum Banda Aceh City. The instruments used were the Delaware Social Emotional Competence Scale-Student (DSECS-S), the Peer Conformity Disposition Scale (PCDS), and the General Self Efficacy Scale (GSES). Data analysis was performed using the Process Macro Analysis Hayes mediation analysis technique. The results of the study show that there is a significant effect of positive conformity on socio-emotional competence. With the role of self-efficacy as a mediator, positive conformity can indirectly increase the socio-emotional competence of young students at Islamic boarding schools.
Peran pemaafan sebagai mediator hubungan antara kebersyukuran dan kebahagiaan pada remaja di panti asuhan
Authors: MEILIANAWATI MEILIANAWATI , Iswinarti  , Muhammad Salis Yuniardi
Published: July 2024

Abstract Happiness is everyone’s need, therefore everyone wants it, including teenagers in orphanages. Happinessis related to gratitude, teenagers in orphanages who have a high level of gratitude will have a high level of happiness.Likewise, teenagers in orphanages who have a high level of gratitude will have a high level of forgiveness. Teenagers inorphanages who forgive tend to be happier than teenagers who don’t forgive. The purpose of this study was to determinethe role of forgiveness as a mediator in the relationship between gratitude and happiness in adolescents in orphanages.This study uses a quantitative approach. Subjects were determined through a saturation sampling technique consistingof 100 teenagers at an orphanage in Malang City. The research instrument uses The Gratitude Questionnaire-SixItemForm (GQ-6), the Heartland forgiveness scale and the Indonesian version of The PERMA-Profiler scale. Mediationanalysis using Process model 4 by Hayes. The results show that gratitude has a positive and significant relationship tohappiness. The results of this study also prove that forgiveness is able to mediate the relationship between gratitude andhappiness with a value.The conclusion from the results of this study forgiveness can be a mediator of the relationshipbetween gratitude and happiness in adolescents in orphanages
Pengaruh celebrity worship terhadap body image pada remaja dimoderasi oleh self-esteem
Authors: Munawwarah Nadia Salsabila , Cahyaning Suryaningrum
Published: July 2024

Body image is a conscious representation that can form positive or negative judgments. Negative body image isoften associated with celebrity worship. A person’s personality influences their body image. Personality traits includeself-esteem. Individuals with high self-esteem will not be obsessed with the body standards depicted by their favoritecelebrities which can lead to a negative body image if they cannot achieve the standards depicted. Self-esteem as amoderator variable is expected to be able to moderate the influence of celebrity worship on body image. The researchmethod used was quantitative with a moderated research design on 287 teenagers aged 16-18 years who liked K-popand Korean culture. The research instruments used were the Celebrity Attitude Scale (CAS), Body Image DisturbanceQuestionnaire (BIDQ), and Self Esteem Scale. Data analysis in this study used Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA).The results showed that self-esteem could not moderate the influence of celebrity worship on body image.
About the Medieval Bulgar-Tatar Architectural Tradition (in the case of Golden Horde Mausoleums)
Authors: Valeeva-Suleimanova Guzel F. ,   Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2024

Research objectives: The purpose of the article is to complement the existing scientifically based narratives about the origin of the stone mausoleums in the Bulgar ulus of the Golden Horde. Research materials: In the territory of the Volga-Ural region, to varying degrees of preservation, we have the medieval mausoleums in the city of Bolgar (Khan’s tomb, Eas­tern and Northern mausoleums). Located in the territory of the Chishminsky district of Bashkortostan, we have the Keshene mausoleum (currently called the Tura Khan mausoleum) and mausoleum of Husain Bek. The sources for this analysis were architecture and construction techniques, drawings of plans and sections of buildings, materials from archaeological excavations, and descriptions from scientific expeditions of the 19th century. Research results and scientific novelty: A reliable and significant source in the study is the architecture of the Golden Horde mausoleums in the territory of the city of Bolgar and the periphery of the state that is now the territory of the Chishminsky district of Bashkortostan. The specific features of the architectural appearance of the mausoleum buildings and the influence of regional schools of Muslim monumental architecture are revealed. Comparative analogies of the architecture of buildings make it possible to outline the problem of the origin of the Chishma mausoleums and draw a conclusion about the common style and traditions of Bulgarian Golden Horde architecture over the vast territory of the Volga-Ural region.