bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ISA Tree Valuation Guide: A Critical Examination
Authors: Tate Robert
Published: June 2022

The ISA Tree Valuation Guide is the most widely used method to determine the monetary values of amenity plants. Variables used to arrive at an appraisal are divided into subjective and objective classes and are critically examined. Each of the four factors: size, species, condition and location used to determine the final value of a plant are discussed. Suggestions and recommendations are made to improve the evaluation process and the individual appraiser.
Implantation of Acephate and Injection of Microbial Insecticides into Pin Oaks for Control of Gypsy Moth: Time and Efficacy Comparisons
Authors: Fleischer S.J. , Delorme D. , Ravlin F.W. , Stipes R.J.
Published: June 2022

The efficacy and temporal pattern of gypsy moth mortality resulting from implantation and injection of pin oaks with synthetic organic (acephate) and microbial (gypsy moth nucleopolyhedrosis virus = NPV, and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner = B.t.) insecticides was investigated. All mortality occurred in the larval stage. Implantation of acephate produced significant increases in cumulative mortality. Neither microbial treatment showed a significant increase in mortality over controls. In all acephate treated trees, and in one of three B.t. treated trees, there was an exponential sigmoid pattern of increase in cumulative mortality over time. There was considerable variation among trees. In the acephate treatment, this was expressed as variation in the lag-time of a sigmoid mortality pattern. In the S.f. treatment, larvae on only one of three trees showed a mortality response. The successful use of implantation of acephate in this and other recent papers suggest that this technology will undoubtedly have a place in gypsy moth integrated pest management programs in urban environments. Further work to determine the reasons for the lack of success with the microbials is warranted.
Decay Detection in Eucalyptus: An Evaluation of Two Methods
Authors: Costello L.R. , Peterson J.D.
Published: June 2022

A field study was conducted to evaluate the ShigometerR and a drilling method for detecting decay in Eucalyptus globulus and E. vimlnalls. A decay detection test for wood in-service (pick test) was used as a reference method. Results found that both the Shigometer and the drilling method predicted more decay than that found by the pick test. Limitations of all three tests are discussed. It is suggested that either method. Shigometer or drilling, be used with caution for detecting decay in Eucalyptus species.
Ash Flower Gall: Within Tree Distribution and Chemical Management
Authors: Wawrzynski Robert , Ascerno Mark
Published: June 2022

Ash flower gall (AFG) distribution within green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), and the chemical control of Eriophyes fraxlniflora, which causes AFG are discussed. Gall density was found to be significantly different among three crown levels in trees studied. Percentages were approximately 62, 25 and 13 for the top, middle and bottom crown levels, respectively. This distribution may vary from tree to tree, and is therefore, most useful in large scale sampling programs. Chemical controls were erratic, with carbaryl (Sevin) 80S providing the best control. Dicofol (Kelthane) 35WP and fluvalinate (Mavrik Aquaflow) treated trees had higher gall numbers.
Effects of Turfgrass and Mulch on the Establishment and Growth of Bare-Root Sugar Maples
Authors: Green Thomas , Watson Gary
Published: June 2022

Bare-root, 5-6.25 cm (2-2.5 in) diameter Green Mountain sugar maples (Acer saccharum 'Green Mountain') were planted with one of four treatments: 1) lawn, 2) an 2.5 m (8 ft) circle of organic mulch on the soil surface, 3) soil tilled and lawn replaced, 4) soil tilled and similar mulch applied. Mulching resulted in significant increases in diameter growth, crown development, and root development. Tilling had no effect. Landscape features around the trees, such as pavement, did have an effect on above-ground growth but not on root development. Mulching can enhance establishment of trees in a minimal maintenance landscape situation.
Patterns of Gall Formation by the Cooley Spruce Gall Adelgid on Colorado Blue Spruce
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney
Published: June 2022

Observations were made of galling patterns by the Cooley spruce gall adelgid (Adelges cooleyi) on landscape and nursery plantings of Colorado blue spruce from 1985-1988. Overall incidence of galling varied widely between seasons, and appeared to be related to late winter and early spring weather conditions. Strong orientation of galls occurred with highest numbers of galls occurring along the north (37%) and east (34%) sides of the trees. Galling was also found to be consistently correlated on individual trees, suggesting a possible genetic basis for resistance. Galling was associated with tree color, being greatest on trees with greener coloration, but was not correlated with onset of spring bud break. The implication of these findings in tree siting and in identifying resistant genotypes is discussed.
Esthetic Perceptions of the Urban Forest: A Utility Perspective
Authors: Schroeder Herbert
Published: June 2022

This paper reviews research about the esthetic and psychological values of trees and suggests implications of this research for utility arboriculture. Research on human perception of urban environments has shown repeatedly that trees have a powerful positive influence on esthetics and visual quality. They also promote relaxation and recovery from stress. Street trees are primarily valued for visual esthetics and shade. Large trees are the most preferred, especially when their foliage forms a continuous canopy above the street.
Arboricultural Training in Britain
Authors: Paterson David
Published: June 2022

An insight into arboricultural training techniques and standards as practiced in Britain is described. A particular training plan is described with recognized associate level qualifications. Justifications for entering into training exercises are outlined.
Coping with the stigma of home birth: Strategies of engagement and disengagement
Authors: Bommarito Rachael Kulick
Published: June 2022

Background

Home birth in most developed countries is stigmatised. Negative discourses frame women planning home births as risk mothers who put their desire for a particular birthing experience above the health and safety of their children. As a result, one of the primary challenges home-birthing women face during pregnancy is how to cope with this stigma.

Participants and procedure

This study was conducted in the upper Midwest region of the United States with women who were planning home births with midwives. Eleven women participated in the study. Data included in-depth interviews, participant-observation field notes, and content from one participant’s blog. Data were analysed using inductive content analysis.

Results

Participants coped with home birth stigma in three ways: (1) avoidance, (2) engaging in an education campaign, and (3) focusing on a family tradition of home birth. These responses represent both disengagement and engagement approaches to coping. Nine participants exhibited one dominant coping strategy: three relied on avoidance, three on an education campaign, and three on family tradition. Two participants used more than one approach. Both of these participants used avoidance and family tradition.

Conclusions

Home birth stigma is a source of chronic stress for women who choose to give birth at home. Women cope with this stress in a number of ways. Interventions to increase women’s coping resources and processes may be helpful. Changing the environment through efforts to destigmatise home birth may reduce the overall stress experienced by home-birthing women and improve their wellbeing.
ANALISIS DISTRIBUSI PENDAPATAN RUMAH TANGGA PETANI CENGKEH DI KECAMATAN POSIGADAN
Authors: Indrianti Merita Ayu , Pau Ian Eka Prawita , Ardiansyah Widiastuti , Gobel Yusriah A.
Published: June 2022

AbstrakPendapatan merupakan faktor penting yang menjadi indikatorkeberhasilan suatu usaha. Cengkeh merupakan salah satu bahanpertanian yang sangat penting. Ketidakmertaan distribusi pendapatanakan menyebabkan kemiskinan. Penelitian dilakukan di KecamatanPosigadan Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Selatan. Tujuan penelitianuntuk mengetahui pendapatan petani cengkeh dan distribusipendapatan petani cengkeh di Kecamatan Posigadan KabupatenBolaang Mongondow Selatan. Penelitian ini melibatkan 74 petaniresponden yang tersebar di tujuh desa. Metode dalam penelitian adalahkuantitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkatpendapatan petani cengkeh dinilai layak dan menguntungkan dilihatdari imbangan penerimaan dan biaya rata-rata yaitu sebesar 1,89.Distribusi pendapatan cengkeh berada pada kecenderungan yangmerata yang ditunjukkan dengan koefisien Gini sebesar 0,10.Kata Kunci : Pendapatan, distribusi pendapatan, petani, cengkeh,koefisien gini

 

AbstractIncome is an important factor that becomes an indicator of thesuccess of a business. Clove are one of the most important agriculturalingredients. Inequality of income distribution will lead to poverty. Theresearch was conducted in Posiga and South Bolaang MongondowDistricts. The purpose of the study was to determine the income ofclove farmers and the distribution of clove farmers' income inPosigadan District, South Bolaang Mongondow Regency. This studyinvolved 74 respondent farmers spread over seven villages. Themethod in this research is descriptive quantitative. The results showedthat the income level of clove farmers was considered feasible andprofitable in terms of the balance of revenues and average costs of1.89. The distribution of clove income is in an even trend as indicatedby a Gini coefficient of 0.10.Key words: Iincome, income distribution, farmers, clove, ginicoefficient
Preparedness required for ensuring best coordinated use of international urban search and rescue assistance by earthquake affected countries
Authors:   , Morris Brendon
Published: June 2022

Strong earthquakes are frequent catastrophic disasters occurring worldwide and often lead to structural collapse of buildings. Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) is the specialised process of locating, extricating and providing immediate medical treatment to victims trapped in collapsed structures. This research project aimed to identify the key preparedness efforts necessary by an earthquake affected country to ensure best coordinated use of international USAR assistance.
Cost-Effectiveness of Second-Generation Injectable Antipsychotic Drugs
Authors: Darvesh Nazia , MacDougall Danielle , Mahood Quenby
Published: June 2022

For adults with bipolar I disorder, the second-generation antipsychotic injectable drug aripiprazole is less costly and more effective over a patient’s lifetime, compared to the second-generation antipsychotic oral drug cariprazine. For adults with bipolar I disorder, aripiprazole injections are more effective compared to the second-generation antipsychotic oral drug asenapine; the cost-effectiveness over a patient’s lifetime depends on the willingness to pay. These results are based on 1 economic evaluation.

No cost-effectiveness studies were found comparing second-generation to first-generation antipsychotic injectable drugs.
A 1 km daily surface soil moisture dataset of enhanced coverage under all-weather conditions over China in 2003–2019
Authors: Song Peilin , Zhang Yongqiang , Guo Jianping , Shi Jiancheng , Zhao Tianjie , Tong Bing
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Surface soil moisture (SSM) is crucial for understanding the hydrological
process of our earth surface. The passive microwave (PM) technique has long been
the primary tool for estimating global SSM from the view of satellites, while
the coarse resolution (usually >∼10 km) of PM
observations hampers its applications at finer scales. Although quantitative
studies have been proposed for downscaling satellite PM-based SSM, very few
products have been available to the public that meet the qualification of 1 km
resolution and daily revisit cycles under all-weather conditions. In this
study, we developed one such SSM product in China with all these
characteristics. The product was generated through downscaling the
AMSR-E/AMSR-2-based (Advance Microwave Scanning Radiometer of the Earth Observing System and its successor) SSM at 36 km, covering all on-orbit times of the two
radiometers during 2003–2019. MODIS optical reflectance data and daily
thermal-infrared land surface temperature (LST) that had been gap-filled for
cloudy conditions were the primary data inputs of the downscaling model so
that the “all-weather” quality was achieved for the 1 km SSM. Daily images
from this developed SSM product have quasi-complete coverage over the
country during April–September. For other months, the national coverage
percentage of the developed product is also greatly improved against the
original daily PM observations through a specifically developed sub-model
for filling the gap between seams of neighboring PM swaths during the
downscaling procedure. The product compares well against in situ soil moisture
measurements from 2000+ meteorological stations, indicated by station
averages of the unbiased root mean square difference (RMSD) ranging from 0.052 to 0.059 vol vol−1.
Moreover, the evaluation results also show that the developed product
outperforms the SMAP (Soil Moisture Active Passive) and Sentinel (active–passive microwave) combined SSM
product at 1 km, with a correlation coefficient of 0.55 achieved against
that of 0.40 for the latter product. This indicates the new product has
great potential to be used by the hydrological community, by the agricultural
industry, and for water resource and environment management. The new product is available for download at https://doi.org/10.11888/Hydro.tpdc.271762 (Song and Zhang, 2021b).
An 8-day composited 36 km SMAP soil moisture dataset from 1979 to 2015 produced using a random forest and historical CCI data
Authors: Yang Haoxuan , Wang Qunming , Zhao Wei , Atkinson Peter M.
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Soil moisture (SM) plays a significant role in many natural and anthropogenic systems which are essential to supporting life on Earth. Thus, accurate measurement and assessment of changes in soil moisture globally is of great value, including long-term historical assessment. Since the on-board cycle and detailed parameters of disparate sensors are different, the European Space Agency established the Climate Change Initiative (CCI) program to harmonize the available multisource SM data, producing long time-series surface SM datasets starting from 1978 to the present. However, the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission, launched in 2015, has shown more satisfactory performance in both spatial accuracy and in capturing pattern of temporal changes. In this paper, a random forest (RF) model was proposed to extend the superior SMAP dataset historically (named RF_SMAP), using the corresponding CCI time-series. We assumed that the temporal changes in the SMAP dataset are similar generally to those in the available CCI dataset. Accordingly, the RF model was constructed using the CCI SM v05.2 data, which was migrated to the prediction of the RF_SMAP dataset. The available in-situ SM data and the real SMAP data from 2015 to 2019 were used as references to validate the predicted RF_SMAP data. It was shown that compared with the CCI dataset, the predicted RF_SMAP dataset is closer to the in-situ SM data and the real SMAP data. Thus, the RF_SMAP dataset was shown to be a reliable substitute for the historical CCI dataset. The new long time-series RF_SMAP dataset, which will be available to download, will be of great value for a range of research in applications such as climate assessment, agricultural planning, food insecurity monitoring and drought assessment and monitoring.
A 1-km daily soil moisture dataset of China based on in-situ measurement using machine learning
Authors: Li Qingliang , Shi Gaosong , Shangguan Wei , Li Jianduo , Li Lu , Huang Feini , Zhang Ye , Wang Chunyan , Wang Dagang , Qiu Jianxiu , Lu Xingjie , Dai Yongjiu
Published: June 2022

Abstract. High quality gridded soil moisture products are essential for many Earth system science applications, and they are usually available from remote sensing or model simulations with coarse resolution. Here we present a 1 km resolution long-term dataset of soil moisture derived through machine learning trained with in-situ measurements of 1,789 stations, named as SMCI1.0. Random Forest is used to predict soil moisture using ERA5-land time series, leaf area index, land cover type, topography and soil properties as covariates. SMCI1.0 provides 10-layer soil moisture with 10 cm intervals up to 100 cm deep at daily resolution over the period 2010–2020. Using in-situ soil moisture as the benchmark, two independent experiments are conducted to investigate the estimation accuracy of the SMCI1.0: year-to-year experiment (ubRMSE ranges from 0.041–0.052 and R ranges from 0.883–0.919) and station-to-station experiment (ubRMSE ranges from 0.045–0.051 and R ranges from 0.866–0.893). SMCI1.0 generally has advantages over other gridded soil moisture products, including ERA5-Land, SMAP-L4 and SoMo.ml. However, the high errors of soil moisture often located in North China Monsoon Region. Overall, the highly accurate estimations of both the year-to-year and station-to-station experiments ensure the applicability of SMCI1.0 to studies on the spatial-temporal patterns. As SMCI1.0 is based on in-situ data, it can be useful complements of existing model-based and satellite-based datasets for various hydrological, meteorological, and ecological analyses and modeling. SMCI1.0 can be accessed at http://dx.doi.org/10.11888/Terre.tpdc.272415 (Shangguan et al., 2022).
Seasonal extrema of sea surface temperature in CMIP6 models
Authors: Wang Yanxin , Heywood Karen J. , Stevens David P. , Damerell Gillian M.
Published: June 2022

Abstract. CMIP6 model sea surface temperature (SST) seasonal extrema averaged over 1981–2010 are assessed against the World Ocean Atlas (WOA18) observational
climatology. We propose a mask to identify and exclude regions of large differences between three commonly used climatologies (WOA18, WOCE-Argo Global Hydrographic climatology (WAGHC) and the Hadley Centre Sea Ice and Sea Surface Temperature data set (HadISST)). The biases in SST seasonal extrema are largely consistent with the annual mean SST biases. However, the amplitude and spatial pattern of
SST bias vary seasonally in the 20 CMIP6 models assessed. Large seasonal variations in the SST bias occur in eastern boundary upwelling regions,
polar regions, the North Pacific and the eastern equatorial Atlantic. These results demonstrate the importance of evaluating model performance not
simply against annual mean properties. Models with greater vertical resolution in their ocean component typically demonstrate better representation
of SST extrema, particularly seasonal maximum SST. No significant relationship of SST seasonal extrema with horizontal ocean model resolution is
found.
Bazı Ekmeklik Buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotiplerinin Sırta Ekim Sisteminde Morfolojik, Fizyolojik, Verim Ve Kalite Yönünden İncelenmesi
Authors: YORULMAZ Levent , AKINCI Cuma
Published: June 2022

2019 yılından itibaren bütün dünyada görülen Covid-19 virüs salgını, insan beslenmesinde birçok bitkinin üretimi gibi buğday üretiminin de ne denli önemli olduğunu açıkça göstermiştir. Bu süreçte ülkelerin kendi vatandaşlarına gerekli temel ihtiyaçlarını karşılamaları konusunda zorlandıkları ve talebi karşılayamadıkları görülmüş olup, bu tür dünya geneli salgınlara karşı önlemlerin alınması konusunda, bitkisel üretimin artırılmasıyla gıda ihtiyacının karşılanması hedeflenmektedir. Bu çalışmada bazı ekmeklik buğday genotiplerinin (yerel genotipler, ticari çeşitler, CIMMYT hatları ve Dicle Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi hatları); sırta ekim sisteminde, destekleyici sulamayla ve arttırılmış gübreleme ile birlikte maksimum düzeyde verim ve kalite elde edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yapılan SPAD ölçümlerinde en yüksek değere sahip genotip DZE-7 (60.93) iken en düşük değere sahip genotip YE-47 (42.92) olarak görülmüştür. Normalize edilmiş vejatasyon indeksi (NDVI) bakımından en yüksek değere sahip genotip 0.82 ile Avaric ve en düşük değere sahip genotip ise 0.62 ile Sagittario genotiplerinde gözlenmiştir. Başaklanma gün sayısı bakımından en erkenci 138.7 gün ile 14 STEMRRSN 6037 genotipi olurken, en geççi 162.56 gün ile DZE-3 genotipi olmuştur. Metrekarede başak sayısı bakımından en yüksek değeri veren 557.71 başak/m2 ile YE-98 genotipi iken en düşük değere sahip genotip 239.67 başak/m2 ile YE-68 genotipi olmuştur. Tane verimi en yüksek genotip değerine sahip genotip 375,74 kg/da ile DZE-3 genotipinden elde edilirken, en düşük değer ise 89,43 kg/da ile Beşköprü genotipinde bulunmuştur. En yüksek protein oranı değerine sahip genotip %19,37 ile YE-98 genotipinden elde edilirken, en düşük değer ise %13,13 ile 13 STEMRRSN 6024 genotipinde bulunmuştur ayrıca en yüksek yaş gluten oranı değerine sahip genotip %43,36 ile YE-98 genotipinden elde edilirken, en düşük değer ise %29,4 ile 13 STEMRRSN 6024 genotipinde belirlenmiştir.
Kırmızı Biber Atıklarının Silaj Olarak Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: DOĞAN DAŞ Besime , KIRAR Nurcan , TOP Şermin , DAŞ Aydın , BUDAK Duygu , KAHRAMAN Mücahit , AVCI Mehmet
Published: June 2022

Bu çalışma çeşitli katkı maddeleri ilave edilerek hazırlanan biber atıkları silajının silaj kalite parametreleri üzerine etkisinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada katkısız biber atıkları silajı kontrol grubunu oluştururken, biber atıklarına  %1 melas,  %2 melas, % 4 melas, % 5 saman , %10 saman, % 15 saman, %1 melas+ %5 saman, %1 melas+ %10 saman, %1 melas+ %15 saman, %2 melas+ %5 saman, %2 melas+ %10 saman, %2 melas+ %15 saman, %4 melas+ %5 saman, %4 melas+ %10 saman ve %4 melas+ %15 saman katkısı ilaveli gruplar deneme gruplarını oluşturmuştur. Silajlar 60 günlük fermantasyon süresi sonunda açılarak ham besin madde bileşimleri ve fermentasyon ürünleri tespit edilmiştir. Çeşitli katkı maddeleri ilave edilerek hazırlanan biber atıklarının silajların besin madde değeri üzerine etkileri incelendiğinde kuru madde değerleri arasında en yüksek B+%4 M+ %15S grubu silajdan elde edilmiştir. Ham kül değerleri arasında en yüksek B +% 15SHP silajdan elde edilmiştir. Silajların pH, NH3-N/TN, CO2 ve flieg puanı değerlendirildiğinde gruplar arası farklılıklar istatistiki olarak önemli bulunmuştur. (P<0.05). Çeşitli katkı maddeleri ilave edilerek hazırlanan biber atıklarının silajların en düşük pH değeri B+%4 M+ %5S grubu silajdan elde edilmiştir. Silajların NH3-N/TN değerleri incelendiğinde en düşük %20.07 NH3-N/TN) B+%4 M+ %5S silajdan elde edilmiştir. Çalışma sonuçları incelendiğinde düşük kuru madde içeriğine sahip biber silajına saman ve melas katkısı ilavesinin silaj fermantasyon özelliklerini iyileştirdiği, ayrıca biber silajına %4 melas ile %5 saman katkılarıyla kaliteli bir silaj elde edildiği tespit edilmiştir.
Exploring the Motivation-Engagement Link: The Moderating Role of Positive Emotion
Authors: Liu Meng
Published: June 2022

In self-determination theory (SDT), the role of positive emotion in the motivational process is undertheorized. Most previous research considered emotion as an outcome variable, rather than a main construct of the motivational process. There is, however, some evidence in domains outside language learning suggesting that positive emotion moderates the motivation-engagement link. The extent to which this could be applied to the domain of language learning remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the role of positive emotion as a moderator of the motivational process of language learning. Moreover, a comparative multilingual perspective was adopted to better understand simultaneous language learning. Specifically, this study assessed whether positive emotion moderated the relationship between two types of motivation (i.e., autonomous and controlled motivation) and behavioral engagement in two foreign languages. A sample of 108 Chinese university students concurrently learning English as L2 and French as L3 participated in the survey study. Results of regression analysis suggest the differential role of positive emotion and motivation in English and French: For French learning, positive emotion served as a moderator that optimized the motivation-engagement link (i.e., positive interaction between emotion and motivation). For English learning, no moderating effect was discovered, with positive emotion being the significant and strong predictor of engagement. The findings supplied initial evidence of the potential role of positive emotion as a moderator of the motivation-engagement link, contributing to the theoretical incorporation of emotion as a more central player in the motivational process proposed by SDT. The differential role of positive emotion and motivation in learning English and languages other than English points to the value of a multilingual comparative perspective to uncovering the language-specific characteristics of the motivational processes.
Epistemic Priority or Aims of Research? A Critique of Lexical Priority of Truth in Regulatory Science
Authors: Verghese Joby
Published: June 2022

A general criterion for distinguishing between epistemic and non-epistemic values is that the former promotes the attainment of truth whereas the latter does not. Daniel Steel (2010, 2016) is a proponent of this criterion, although it was initially proposed by McMullin (1983). There are at least two consequences of this criterion; (i) it always prioritizes epistemic values over non-epistemic values in scientific research, and (ii) it overlooks the diverse aims of science, especially the aims of regulatory or policy-oriented science. This criterion assumes the lexical priority of truth or lexical priority of evidence. This paper attempts to show a few inadequacies of this assumption. The paper also demonstrates why epistemic priority over non-epistemic values is a problematic stance and how constraining the role of non-epistemic values as ‘tiebreakers’ may undermine the diverse aims of science.
Cladism, Monophyly and Natural Kinds
Authors: Boucher Sandy C.
Published: June 2022

Cladism, today the dominant school of systematics in biology, includes a classification component—the view that classification ought to reflect phylogeny only, such that all and only taxa are monophyletic (i.e. consist of an ancestor and all its descendants)—and a metaphysical component— the view that all and only real groups or kinds of organisms are monophyletic. For the most part these are seen as amounting to much the same thing, but I argue they can and should be distinguished, in particular that cladists about classification need not accept the typically cladist view about real groups or kinds. Cladists about classification can and should adopt an explanatory criterion for the reality of groups or kinds, on which being monophyletic is neither necessary nor sufficient for being real or natural. Thus the line of reasoning that has rightly led to cladism becoming dominant within systematics, and the attractive line of reasoning in the philosophical literature that advocates a more liberal approach to natural kinds, are seen to be, contrary to appearances, compatible.
Strict conditionals
Authors: Heylen Jan , Horsten Leon
Published: June 2022

Both Lowe and Tsai have presented their own versions of the theory that both indicative and subjunctive conditionals are strict conditionals. We critically discuss both versions and we find each version wanting.
Comparison of Apache IV Vs Apache II Scoring System in Predicting the Clinical Outcomes of patients in Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Dhakshinamoorthy Sasikala
Published: June 2022

Background: Prognostication of critically ill patients is an integral part of the quality of care in ICU. The use of scoring system such as Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) to predict risk of mortality and evaluating outcome in critically ill patients is important in modern evidence-based medicine. the aim of the study was to compare the APACHE II and APACHE IV in predicting the mortality of patients intensive care unit. Methods: A prospective descriptive was among 100 adult patients admitted irrespective of diagnosis and managed for >24hours in the 25 bedded multidisciplinary ICU of a tertiary care hospital. The APACHE II and APACHE IV scores were calculated using the online calculators, based on the worst values in the first 24hours of admission. All the study participants were followed up, to determine the observed mortality rates and length of stay of ICU which were compared with predicted mortality rates obtained from both the APACHE II and APACHE IV scoring systems. The receiver operator characteristic curves (ROC) were used to compare accuracy of the two scores using SPSS 20version. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the estimated mortality rate of patients in ICU based on APACHE II and APACHE IV scoring system (t= 1.674) at p<0.05 level. There was a significant weak correlation between actual length of stay and estimated length of stay based on APACHE IV score (r = 0.469) at p < 0.01level. Discrimination for APACHE II and APACHE IV models were good with area under the curve of o.965 and 0.760 respectively. APACHE II was more accurate than APACEIV in this regard. Conclusion: Discrimination was more-better for APACHE II than APACHE IV model. there was a moderate correlation observed between the two models in this study.
A Study to Assess the Knowledge regarding Alzheimer's Disease among people above 45 years of age in selected areas at kollam
Authors: Jigu Jismi , Jose Jitty , Thomas Leema , Sherry Shinu , Varghese Vincy , S Sheeja
Published: June 2022

The research project undertook was “study to assess the knowledge regarding Alzheimer’s disease among people above 45 years of age in selected areas at Kollam”. The objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge regarding Alzheimer’s disease among people above 45 years of age selected areas at Kollam, to find out the association between knowledge regarding Alzheimer’s disease among people above 45 years of age and selected demographic variables such as age, sex, educational qualification, occupation economic status, nutritional status. Non experimental survey design was adopted for this study. The study was conducted among 60 people above 45 years of age in selected areas at kollam. In order to assess the knowledge regarding alzhemiers disease, the study sample was selected by non-probability convenient sampling technique. The tool used for the data collection consisted of demographic performa and structured questionnaire, basic information of the study was given to subjects. The analysis of the data was based on objectives of the study using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of the study revealed that there was no significant association between knowledge and demographic variables like age, sex, educational qualification, occupation, economic status, Nutritional status. Based on the findings investigator has drawn implications which were of vital concerns in the field of nursing practice, nursing administration, nursing pattern, nursing education for the future development.
Health outcomes and comorbidities among Covid-19 patients from a Peri urban community of Chandigarh
Authors: Amanpreet Amanpreet , Kaur Chann Arshdeep , Dixa Dixa , Jyoti Jyoti , Kataria Misha , Kavita Kavita , Pebma Monika , Thakur J. S
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Covid-19 is a respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory disease syndrome Coronavirus 2(sars-cov-2). Health outcomes varies broadly in patients with and without comorbidities. Objectives: The purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence of comorbidities and health outcomes among Covid-19 patients residing in Indira colony, Chandigarh. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to enroll all Covid-19 patients over a period of two weeks. The list of patients was obtained from ANM’s of the selected area. A semi structured interview schedule was developed to collect information telephonically and responses were recorded on Google forms. Result: A total of 110 participants were enrolled in the study. The results revealed that 81% of participants were having Covid-19 symptoms. Fever was the most common symptom (88.8%) A total of 25 patient (22.7%) person having comorbidities diabetes mellitus was the most common comorbidity (44%) seen in participants. About 27.2% of the total patients required hospitalization. Only few participants required mechanical ventilation. Zero deaths were reported in the present study. Conclusion: Fever was the most common symptom in symptomatic patients followed by cough. The most prevalent comorbidity in patient was diabetes mellitus and there was no fatality seen in studied population.
A Descriptive Study to assess the knowledge regarding Fungal infections among adolescent girls in selected areas of Kollam
Authors: Yesudas Arya , Babu Aswathy , Anil Athira , S Athira , Thomas Brincy , Fulgen Feby
Published: June 2022

A descriptive study to assess the knowledge regarding fungal infections among adolescent girls in selected areas of Kollam. The objectives of the study were to: a) assess the knowledge regarding fungal infections among adolescent girls in selected areas of Kollam b) find the association between knowledge regarding fungal infections among adolescent girls and selected demographic variables. A quantitative approach was used with descriptive research design. Convenient sampling technique was used. Sample size was 60. The investigator assessed sample’s knowledge using structured questionnaire regarding fungal infections.
Comparing the Learning Material and Lesson Plan Designed for Teaching Arabic and English Curriculums and Exploring the Possibility of Conjoining the Textbooks Lesson Themes
Authors: Al-Hozali Futoon
Published: June 2022

This research observes Arabic and English language curriculums adopted in a private school which follows a cooperative and communicative language teaching approach. The research reveals the similarities and differences found in the textbooks and classroom procedures via analyzing the Arabic and English curriculums implemented in a private school. Additionally, the researcher suggests, based on their observation, the possibility of conjoining the topics and themes of both language courses.
The Application of TikTok in Instructing Grade 7 Students’ Thai Traditional Dancing Art
Authors: Niyomsuk Sasina , Polyiem Titiworada
Published: June 2022

The influence of social media on education has been glowing in the last decade, and it shows a potential path to develop learners’ practical skills. The purposes of the study were to investigate the effectiveness of TikTok as a supportive activity on grade 7 students’ Thai traditional dancing art learning achievement and to investigate the students’ satisfaction with the learning activity of TikTok in a Thai traditional dancing art classroom. The participants were 35 grade 7 students in a public school in Thailand. They were selected using a cluster sampling method using their section as the main sampling criteria. The instruments were learning management designed using the model of teaching practical skills with TikTok activities, a Thai traditional dancing art evaluation form, and a satisfaction questionnaire. The data were analyzed using percentage, mean score, standard deviation, single sample t-test, and effectiveness index with the determining criterion of 80. The study’s findings indicate that the integration of Davies’ practical skill instruction approach and TikTok application helped develop the Thai traditional dancing art performances of the participants and it led to a satisfying learning experience for students. Therefore, teaching staff should consider using social media in performing art instruction. Likewise, the result also benefits scholars who seek to understand the impact of social media on practical skill development.
The Effect of Subject Matter Knowledge Education on Pre-Service Science Teacher’s Approach to Errors
Authors: Değirmenci Salih
Published: June 2022

The aim of this research is to examine the effect of subject matter knowledge education (SMKE) on the pre-service science teachers’ approach to error about plane mirrors. This study was conducted using developmental research and phenomenology designs, which are qualitative research methods. In the study, the data were analyzed with the descriptive research method. As a result of the research, it was observed that the rate of detecting the correct or incorrect statements given by the teacher candidates increased after the SMKE. It has been revealed that many candidates, who identified the wrong solutions directed to them after the SMKE, were able to make correct statements. These show that although it is dependent on the question, SMKE contributes to the conceptual development of many candidates and their learning at a metacognitive level. Some teacher candidates participating in the research has misconceptions. These are the misconceptions given in the literature such as “the location and size of an object’s image in plane mirrors are affected by the movement of the observer”, “if there is an obstacle in front of an object, some or all of the object does not appear in the mirror”, “when we look at the plane mirror, the image of the object is formed, when we do not look, the image of the object does not form”, and “the size of the image depends on the distance of the object from the mirror”. In addition, it was revealed that a few candidates had a misconception, which was not seen in the literature, as “if the mirror size increases, the image becomes smaller”.
Concrete Data and Abstract Notions in the Philosophical Study of Indigenous African Thought: The Struggle for Disciplinary Identity in the Era of the Near-Hegemonic Natural and Social Sciences
Authors: Oduor Reginald M. J.
Published: June 2022

Due to the growth of neo-liberalism with its emphasis on “market-driven courses,” the humanities, of which philosophy is a part, find themselves disparaged and under-funded. As a result, some African philosophers have yielded to the temptation to deploy the empirical methodology of the natural and social sciences in a bid to illustrate the practical value of their discipline, thereby eroding philosophy’s distinctive characteristic, namely, reflection. Consequently, drawing from the contemporary discourse on methodology in African philosophy, this article argues that in order to preserve the distinctive character of their discipline, philosophers who inquire into indigenous African thought ought to treat the collection of empirical data on the subject as a preliminary step to the core task of philosophical reflection that deploys such techniques as criticism, linguistic analysis, and systematic speculation. Only then will African philosophy make its proper contribution to the interdisciplinary field of African studies.
Machine learning prediction of bottomhole flowing pressure as a time series in the volve field
Authors: Olugbenga Olamigoke  , David Chinweuba Onyeali
Published: June 2022

Bottomhole flowing pressure (BHFP) is a critical parameter in analyzing oil and gas well performance, production forecasting and reservoir management. This study is focused on obtaining feature combinations towards low-error prediction of time-series BHFP in two wells in the Volve field. Three machine learning (ML) models (support vector regression (SVR), a distance-based model; random forest (RF), a tree-based ensemble model and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), a type of recurrent neural network) are used for BHFP prediction in two wells of the Volve field. The data for each well was split such that the first 70% is used in training the model, the next 15% as validation data for selecting the optimal hyperparameters and the last 15% for testing the models. The train and validation sets were used to train the models before making predictions on the test sets. While the SVR and RF models reasonably predicted the BHFP in both wells with a maximum Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 5.0% and 4.3% respectively, the LSTM model performed best across both wells with the MAPE less than 2.9% in both wells. ML model performance was superior for the well with the data distributed more uniformly. The three feature combinations with superior ML model performance for BHFP prediction all have five features in common namely: bottomhole temperature, oil flow rate, gas flow rate, choke size, onstream hours. The workflow in this work can be adopted for fieldwide BHFP prediction.
Managing geothermal project implementation conflicts through mediation: A case of Olkaria IV Project, Nakuru county, Kenya
Authors: Kong'ani Lilian Namuma S , Wahome Raphael G. , Thenya Thuita
Published: June 2022

Geothermal energy installations generate conflicts that escalate when improperly managed. Studies from outside Kenya have demonstrated application of mediation in managing conflicts over natural resources. However, its efficacy has not been adequately covered in Kenya. This study used the case of mediation between project affected persons (PAPs) and the developers of Olkaria IV energy project to document the process, to assess its role in resolving conflicts that emanated from the implementation of the project. A PAPs’ household heads survey, focus group discussions (FGDs), and key informant interviews (KII) were conducted. Primary data was collected on pre-mediation preparations; mediation attributes, post-mediation buy-in and endorsements and the sequel of mediation. Secondary data was obtained from documents available in the mediation archive. The protagonists, that is, the Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen) and PAPs agreed to use mediation to resolve their conflicts. The mediation neutralized conflicts between KenGen and the PAPs, mended relationships between them, improved PAPs’ livelihoods and smoothened project operations. The community representatives, selected by themselves, regularly reported back and held consultation with the larger community. This promoted acceptability of the results and is here presented as a good practice, in addition to having competent mediators with good listening and probing skills. Further, inclusion of women and youth in the mediation exercise combined with freedom of expression during the mediation clinics, ensured that the weaker gender’s voice was heard and its input incorporated in the agreement. In spite of the above, there is a need for greater democratization for the PAPs representation, and a more comprehensive documentation of the process. The last two provide opportunity for copying this case for an improved mediation process. Finally, it is recommended that policies be formulated to provide for use of mediations as an alternative dispute resolution mechanism, in future project developmental conflicts in Kenya.
Quantificação de perdas geradas no processo de desodorização do óleo de palma a partir do índice de acidez
Authors: Santos Jaymes Eliezer Almeida dos , Barbosa Emanuela França , Pinho Thaiana de Fátima Ventura de , Santos Wenderson Gomes dos , Oliveira Romero Moreira de , Cardoso Dilson Nazareno Pereira , Rodrigues Emerson Cardoso , Ferreira Josiel Lobato
Published: June 2022

A refinação física do óleo de palma bruto gera em seu processo perdas associadas às etapas de produção (degomagem, branqueamento e desodorização). A desodorização, que consiste em uma destilação por arraste a vapor dos componentes voláteis presentes no óleo de palma tem como produto principal um óleo de palma refinado, clarificado e desodorizado (RBD PO) que está apto para comercialização. Na etapa de desodorização há a geração do subproduto comercializado como ácido graxo e há a geração de resíduos de componentes voláteis. Não há quantificação padrão do volume gerado do resíduo na etapa de desodorização que permita a realização de apontamento para criação de saldo em sistema gerando por consequência uma diferença mensal entre estoque físico e virtual. Mapeando pontos estratégicos em todo o processo de desodorização e com base nos índices de acidez desses pontos, o estudo tem como objetivo estimar uma porcentagem padrão de resíduo para um determinado volume de matéria-prima consumida, sendo assim, reduzir a diferença existente entre estoque físico e virtual. A partir da metodologia proposta foi possível reduzir em 42,36% a diferença entre saldo virtual e estoque físico para geração de resíduo no processo.
Tertiary teachers’ instructional methods, strategies and resources used
Authors: Jaani Al-Nashra A.
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to determine the teaching strategies, methods and resources of teachers teaching Social Studies in one of the colleges in the Zamboanga Peninsula.  It Is a quantitative-descriptive research which aims to determine the teaching strategies, methods and teaching resources utilized by the respondents in teaching Social Studies related courses across Departments. The survey questionnaires were used to gather data. Frequency count and percentage were also used to interpret the data and answer the research objectives.  The data reveal that the teacher’s responses on the Teaching strategies, methods and resources, have high attitude toward teaching; generally, the faculty members often use teaching approaches and teaching methods; the researchers found out that teachers used varieties of teaching strategies. Methods and resources but reporting technique emerged to be common among the faculty members. The best strategy, methods and resources to promote social studies interest is to build positive self-concept to raise levels of achievement among diverse learners in multicultural context including teacher related limitations.
Dealing with the psychological well-being of mompreneurs in millennia India
Authors: Mehta Payal G. , Parikh Riddhita
Published: June 2022

Mompreneur refers to “An individual who discovers and exploits new business opportunities within a social and geographical context that seeks to integrate the demands of motherhood and business ownership.” In every decade a new set of challenges wait for the Mompreneurs[2,4] to conquer their dream by overcoming the hurdles. One such major challenge is dealing effectively with the psychological well-being and developing the art of balancing the motherhood and business ownership. Psychological well-being refers to the life moving well. It combines the factors of “feeling good” and “effective functioning”. Psychological well-being implies to the ability of an individual to manage the painful or negative emotions effectively – that which is essential for a person’s long-term well-being.Many community services and other social media groups are in existence but there is a remarkable gap in the field of academic research for the emerging community of Mompreneurs. Thus, primary objective of the paper is to explore the levels of psychological well-being experienced by Mompreneurs in Gujarat. It aims at proposing a theory which may offer a possible solution to overcome the challenges to the Mompreneurs across India. The current study is a quantitative study.
analysis of law relating to censorship of literary and cinematographic works
Authors: Joshi Namita Vyas
Published: June 2022

Despite the fact that India produces more films per year than any other country, film certification for public exhibition has always been an arbitrary and politically charged procedure. The fact that the government appoints members of the Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) rather than an industry or group independent of the government has resulted in the board being used to disburse political patronage. There have been instances when after getting certification of Films by censor board the films had to face violence or threats of violence or disruptions by self-styled protector of Indian values and fringe groups as it happened in the case of Ae Dil Hai Mushkil1 and Bahubali 22. All these instances lead us to the conclusion that there are unreasonably stringent on the freedom of speech and expression of authors and film-makers.