bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Why do publishers send out their catalogues?
Authors: Moorbath Paul
Published: February 2008

A questionnaire was sent to publishers asking them for their objectives in sending out catalogues. They were asked whom they consider to be the target audience for catalogues and also for information sheets and handbills. They were asked for their policy on the inclusion of prices and forthcoming titles in their catalogues.
Information management: state of the art in the United Kingdom
Authors: Lewis D.A. , Martin W.J.
Published: February 2008

As a genre, state of the art studies are vulnerable to all manner of criticism, not least on grounds of completeness, the methodology employed, the nature of the data or the quality of any findings presented. This study is no exception. Indeed, given the time available and the nebulous character of the central concept, a degree of optimism bordering on an act of faith, was required in order to complete it. While the outcome can only be described in terms of the ‘quick and dirty’, it nonetheless encompasses a wide range of experiences and locales and is the product of two questionnaires, a telephone survey and a number of structured face to face interviews.
Managing serendipity
Authors: Cryer Gerald
Published: February 2008

One of my most recurring nightmares is the office of the future. It is a vision, a vision out of 1984; of robots, expert systems and facelessness. Maybe you share it? So the first thing we need to do today is to characterise and dispel some of the myths around this area. It seems to me that the common thread of concern is about rampant technology. It is about a paperless and cashless society. It is about people working at home talking only to their PC or through video conferences, but more importantly it is about the impact of technology developments.
Users' requirements of bibliographic records: publishers, booksellers, librarians
Authors: Dempsey Lorcan
Published: February 2008

The exchange of bibliographic records throughout the whole of the book world has raised new questions for the booktrade and librarians alike. This brief paper examines some of the features of concern to the three sectors, and the interaction between them. It falls into three parts: • Some aspects of the current situation as regards automation and the generation of bibliographic data are examined. • The uses of bibliographic data across the book world, and the different emphasis in the commercial and library communities are sketched. • The content of records is looked at. A trend is noted towards the provision of records which include more content and subject‐descriptive data elements.
Building for performance: Discovery Place
Authors: Hughes James R. , Moskun Carol K.
Published: February 2008

What happens when a library outgrows its second automated circulation and cataloguing system? It sets stringent functional, performance and growth specifications and builds from scratch. This article describes Discovery Place, which was built on Tandem hardware for the Columbus Metropolitan Library and became operational in November of 1988. The specific focus is on the features of the design which the development team incorporated to meet the contracted performance guarantees.
Computers, databases and thesauri
Authors: McLelland Joe
Published: February 2008

Two rather different approaches are used for handling a thesaurus as a printed document and for using one as an adjunct to a database management system. This results in term relationship information being lost and opportunities for enhanced retrieval routines being missed. The technical difficulties involved in doing better, i.e. slow data transmission etc., are gradually being solved especially through the advent of standalone micro systems such as CD‐ROM. What might a better subject search interface look like?
The organisational impact of the new media
Authors: Scott Patrick
Published: February 2008

To understand the impact of the so‐called ‘new media’ of communication on today's organisations, we must not only understand what these new media are, but understand the way in which they alter the relationship between information and the organisation. This demands some historical perspective. For every medium of communication has an effect on the form and content of the information which is passed, on the people receiving it and on the conditions under which it is received.
Introduction to the third Dawson's research seminar
Authors: Meadows A.J.
Published: February 2008

Three years ago, John Cowley, on behalf of Dawson's, agreed to provide funding for an annual one‐day research seminar to be held in the Department of Library and Information Studies at Loughborough University. When, in 1989, we began to plan for the third seminar in the series, I suggested we should devote it to workstations. It seemed timely, since they were becoming increasingly a topic of discussion within the information profession. It was, however, immediately pointed out to me by my better‐informed colleagues that ‘workstation’ was a very ill‐defined term. It would really be necessary to specify more precisely what ‘workstation’ meant in this context. For this reason, the seminar, held on 26 June 1990, was Finally entitled, ‘Integrated software workstations in library and information work’. Even given this limitation, the papers presented in this issue demonstrate just how wide a range of activities can be brought under the ‘workstation’ umbrella.
Installing LANs in the British Library
Authors: Packham K.
Published: February 2008

Libraries do not have a reputation for being the most exciting places on earth. Usually depicted as quiet, sleepy halls filled with dusty books they hardly fit the image of a leading light when it comes to technology. And yet behind the facades of the British Library a team of people are hard at work supporting one of the most advanced library information networks in the world, while at the same time coping with the prospect of a site reorganisation large enough to daunt even the most experienced data processing manager.
Doing Business in Europe: The Information Industry
Authors: White Martin
Published: February 2008

Anyone speaking about the information industry faces two major obstacles in analysing events, developments and trends. First, there is no widely accepted definition of what constitutes the information industry. Second, the information industry, especially in Europe, is so fiercely secretive about any aspect of its commercial operations that no matter what definition one takes, basic data on market size and growth, and on company performance, is so sparse as to be a cause for grave concern.
More than just IT: Strategic Information Management
Authors: Strömfelt Ralph
Published: February 2008

One might think that there is a certain readiness within companies and other organisations to adopt new organisation methods with information processing as the starting point. At least if you read the big “thinkers” within information theory you might think this.
Merging and moving — the NRI Experience: an exercise in library integration and relocation
Authors: Lumley A. , Datta V.K. , Wright J.A.
Published: February 2008

The Scientific Units of the Overseas Development Administration (ODA) were merged over recent years to form the Overseas Development Natural Resources Institute which is now called, after becoming an Executive Agency of the ODA, the Natural Resources Institute. The new unit was relocated from several separate sites to a refurbished site at Chatham, Kent. For the Library and Information Services these changes presented both challenges and opportunities. The paper reviews and discusses these from the library manager's point of view, covering planning, logistics, rationalisation of systems and services, user support, staff management and organisation of work.
Prototyping a text information management system
Authors: Jackson A.E.
Published: February 2008

Collection, selection, analysis and dissemination of technical and commercial information are the basic functions of an information centre in a typical corporate scientific establishment. Information is sourced internally and from a variety of commercial information vendors world‐wide. The development of a prototype computer‐based system is described which provides these facilities to users on a distributed computer network. Although designed for scientists, the concept could be equally well applied throughout industry and commerce. The information management environment facilitates access to a wide range of bibliographic and textual databases, offers automated document ordering and provides comprehensive facilities for interactive handling of document surrogates. It preserves the investment made in data collection by promoting information sharing and re‐use via interpersonal transfer and personal database preparation.
Liability for information provision: spectre or reality?
Authors: Sykes Phil
Published: February 2008

This article is an impressionist sketch of the legal landscape rather than a detailed route map. If it can indicate some of the more dangerous quagmires and quicksands to be avoided and suggest some possible bridges over them, then it will have fulfilled its purpose. A reader who needs detailed and specific advice about particular legal problems would be well advised to go to a currently practising lawyer.
Local government information
Authors: Barton Judith
Published: February 2008

Until about 1989, most local authorities were under the impression that the Single European Act had no direct relevance for their work. With the exception of a few departments and some interested individuals, the single European market was perceived as being only of interest to businesses and exporters. Government cutbacks on local government finance had meant that the European Community existed merely as an alternative source of funding. Local government meant ‘local’ interests: any activity outside the borough boundary bore little relation to an individual department's work.
European Community documentation and social policy — an introduction
Authors: Cooper Mike
Published: February 2008

“Social”, in terms of EC policy, covers areas from “youth” to health and safety. This, and the many non‐EC organisations involved in this field, means that any comprehensive overview of published material on the social dimension to Europe would fill a whole issue of Aslib Proceedings!
Electronic information and Eastern Europe
Authors: Meadows Jack
Published: February 2008

No‐one doubts that the changes occurring in Eastern Europe will affect all forms of communication between the East and the West. The theme on which I was asked to speak is electronic communication. But the changes in availability of hard‐copy will be at least as important. I remember being in Warsaw in the early 1970s and spotting a copy of a German book that looked interesting in the Academy of Sciences bookshop. When I tried to buy it, I was referred to the bookshop manager, who explained that, although I was certainly entitled to do so, it was the only copy of the book that had been imported into Poland. We agreed that it was more important for it to go to a Polish library than into my collection. This underlined two points to me. The obvious one was that financial and other restrictions were limiting, in a major way, East European access to R & D information. Secondly, perhaps less obviously, it struck me that centralisation — in this case, of the purchase of books from abroad — could have some advantages. At least the bookshop manager seemed to have a clear grasp of the overall problems of book distribution in Poland. These same two aspects — problems of access and the role of central organisation — also seem to be basic to a discussion of electronic communication between East and West.
Information and the information professional
Authors: Jones Kevin P
Published: February 2008

Librarians are in the fortunate position of having a firm institutional foundation. Books and libraries can exist without librarians or readers, but few would question the nature of libraries as such. Although individual libraries may differ greatly in character, the essence of what a library is remains constant, and there is usually at least a hint of bricks and mortar. The concept of the library is sufficiently strong to be able to use the word for analogous collections of things (such as a library of computer programs) without degrading the overall concept. Information is a far less secure phenomenon: 50% of a library and 50% of the information may both be used in conversation, but whereas we might expect to receive 1500 books (out of total of 3000) in the case of the former, 50% of the information might be found in three books, and the remaining 50% in the remainder of the collection! The position of the information professional is also less secure than that of the librarian who at the very least is the custodian of tangible objects. This insecurity was captured succinctly by the Vickerys in the concluding chapter of a major textbook on information science where it was stated:
Current awareness service and the information centre
Authors: Weaving Edmond
Published: February 2008

Information is knowledge of a particular fact, event, or situation. People in business use information to analyse and resolve problems and to plan strategy. People often do not distinguish between information and data. Data are records of facts and events; they are a source of information. By themselves data have no meaning. Information is this data manipulated and presented.
Financing European projects and access to funds in Poland
Authors: Dijckmeester Alexander
Published: February 2008

The importance of information in making correct decisions. That was what the Business Foundation asked me to talk about in general. Now the statement is so obviously true, that information is of crucial importance in making correct decisions, that I would have hardly dared to talk about it. It is a matter of immediate importance when information decisions have to be made and when one sits around to talk about investments, which is the most crucial information decision that one can make in business life.
The Chamber of Commerce in Poland and abroad
Authors: Arendarski Andrzej
Published: February 2008

All over the world Chambers of Commerce act as hosts of information systems and via these institutions information reaches business people, that is, a group who, apart maybe from the police, use this information most effectively.
The academic initiative (2)
Authors: Tetyk Jerzy
Published: February 2008

Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen. I think that my short speech will be a natural continuation of my colleague's lecture since I will also be speaking about computers and about the academic milieu. There were a lot of projects concerning the presentation of IBM to this public. However, without hesitation we decided that the subject that we want to discuss is the IBM initiative addressed to the Polish academic and scientific milieu. In our firm we call it the IBM Academic Initiative.
The academic initiative (3)
Authors: Duch Jacek
Published: February 2008

First let me thank you very much for inviting us to attend the conference. Digital Equipment Corporation formally opened its operation in Poland two weeks ago after having been absent here in the country for the last 10 years. Still I believe I am able to say that we are very popular as a computer systems and networks manufacturer, not only in industry but in the academic and research community.
BC‐Net: today's tool for building international trade relations with Poland
Authors: Hamelinck Eric
Published: February 2008

You will have seen in the programme the abbreviation BC‐Net. Well, BC‐Net as an abbreviation stands for Business Co‐operation Network. Network seems to be a trendy word, but networking is the way of opening the future and in fact BC‐Net as a business co‐operation tool has been built upon this idea of networking.
The role of the healthcare information officer
Authors: Herring James E
Published: February 2008

Following large‐scale automation of the information functions within the NHS, a large number of new information‐related posts have been created. The role of the Healthcare Information Officer (HIO) is examined in relation to information provision, the development of information systems, staff supervision, training, liaison with other healthcare professionals; the organisation of libraries; and the Data Protection Act. The main conclusion reached is that, as information professionals, HIOs have a multi‐faceted role to play, with extremely wide‐ranging responsibilities which draw on knowledge and skills in the areas of information analysis, systems analysis, library and information science, and computing and management.
Online in Poland
Authors: Mortier John
Published: February 2008

According to the programme I am to speak to you about Online in Poland, but I am afraid that since this is my first visit to your country I will have to admit that my factual knowledge of this topic is somewhat limited, not about online, but online in Poland. Most of all I know I just learnt in this congress what I am absolutely certain of — going online here is possible. I know because we have a stand in the exhibition in the next room and we are online giving demonstrations of our databases. The other thing is that the online information that we provide is available to you and can be found.
Electronic delivery of information
Authors: Bawden David
Published: February 2008

I am going to speak on the general topic of electronic information, that is to say information provided in electronic form. I am going to give very much an overview presentation and a fairly brief presentation.
Sources and uses of environmental, land use and development information
Authors: Hochstrasser Scott L
Published: February 2008

The major purpose of the EuroInfo Conference is to discuss information resource management. Members of the European Commission and Polish business and industry managers have expressed the need for improved information management in Poland. Improved information resource management is essential to aid quick and efficient reform and recovery of the Polish economy. Future economic growth and sustainable economic development for Poland is dependent on the efficient use and management of vast amounts of information.
Question time
Authors: Karska Ewa
Published: February 2008

I would like to introduce myself. My name is Eugeniusz Makowski and I am the owner of a Polish consulting agency which has an agreement with the Federation International d'Ingenieurs et Conseir. I would like to reply to the gentleman from Holland who presented some types of programme.
CAIN, a Computer Assisted INdexing system
Authors: Goodier John
Published: February 2008

The CAIN indexing system was demonstrated. This paper gives some details of the operation of the system and some comments on the practical and theoretical background are made.
UPDATE: the farming and countryside index of the Welsh Agricultural College
Authors: Evans Ann
Published: February 2008

Update was started by the library staff of the Welsh Agricultural College (WAC) in 1974 to fill the gap in the information services provided as there was no comparable system to CAB for practical agricultural literature. It aims to provide a current awareness service, and also to create a database for the retrieval of information by specific subject headings. Unlike CAB it is not aimed at the scientific researcher, but at students coming to grips with the subject, often for the first time.
Information UK 2000 The world we'll be living in
Authors: Stoat Patricia
Published: February 2008

Information UK 2000 is a stimulating and valuable study which ranges widely over the issues confronting information professionals as we approach the 21st century. Parts of the report are repetitive, for certain critical issues cannot be avoided: information work will be more international in scope after 1992; both hardware and software for information handling will become more sophisticated; attracting, developing and retaining the best people will become more difficult. Despite this, British Library Research deserves our thanks for undertaking and publishing this study, as does Aslib for inviting comments, and hosting this conference.
Human resource implications of adopting IT
Authors: Norton Bob
Published: February 2008

Adopting IT would usually imply implementing and applying some form of equipment for staff to use in order to achieve the objectives of the organization. Equipment would usually imply some form of computer hardware in possibly a local area network configuration, or perhaps a wide area network. In the past this may have been the cabling of dumb terminals located at the workplace to a central mainframe or minicomputer. In the future this may involve the networking of the new, exciting 486 processor with microcomputers in a more decentralized configuration. The 486 processor may well have quite a far‐reaching impact not only on what staff can do and how they do it, but also on the DP/MIS/IT departments, as well as on the organization's budget.
The Dickens House Museum Library: a hypermedia prototype
Authors: Phelan Colleen A
Published: February 2008

The subject of a recent MA thesis in Library and Information Studies is the development of a prototype scholars workstation for presentation of materials, in a hypermedia format, from the Dickens House Museum Library, London. Type and number of materials is provided. Basic hypertext features and authoring attributes of the hypermedia software used, Guide 3.0 for Windows, are described and the time factors inherent in research, planning and development of such a project are emphasized. Elements of screen design are described and presentation of textual and visual materials are provided with accompanying illustrations of navigational pathways. Testing of the prototype is described, including the test sample, the questionnaire and evaluation form, and brief conclusions.
The education and training of information and library staff in the UK
Authors: Jespersen Sherry
Published: February 2008

When I began to consider this topic I was struck by the number of times I wrote the word ‘change’ in my preliminary notes, and change is really the theme or leitmotiv which runs throughout this paper. I shall look first at a number of issues which are changing the use of information and the nature of information work Those changes have implications for the future information workforce and for the education and training of that workforce. Next, I shall briefly describe the way in which the main providers of information education and training are themselves changing to meet the new demands. Specifically, I shall discuss developments within library and information schools, the provision of continuing education against the ever present backcloth of reduced budgets and inadequate funds, and finally I shall touch on the development of the New National Vocational Qualifications in library and information work.
Information and the health of the nation
Authors: Brittain Michael
Published: February 2008

I would like to discuss the implications of recent NHS reforms for the provision and use of information in healthcare—particularly in the National Health Service.
Electronic document delivery: a reality at last?
Authors: Braid J. Andrew
Published: February 2008

Document delivery is in the process of undergoing many changes from a manual to an electronic system. Two main reasons for this change are presented — the financial pressures on library acquisition budgets and the recent advances in enabling technology. A history of some of the trials carried out by the British Library Document Supply Centre (BLDSC) is given and current plans for services are described. The role of standards and possible barriers to the implementation of new technology systems are briefly discussed.
The office you wish you had
Authors: Cochrane Peter , Fisher Kim , Taylor‐Hendry Rob
Published: February 2008

In many respects the office has changed little over the past 200 years. The introduction of the telephone, copier, fax and computer have only served to speed up and proliferate the basic processes. We are now faced with an increasingly complex and difficult environment that requires fundamental changes to humanize the processes. In this paper we address some of the interface issues that now appear to have near term solutions.
Information for enterprise: the Scottish Enterprise Network and the provision of business information
Authors: Farmer Jane , Sanson Fiona
Published: February 2008

Scottish Enterprise was established by the Secretary of State for Scotland on 1 April 1991 by bringing together the functions of the Scottish Development Agency and the Training Agency. Its overall role is to encourage and aid economic development on behalf of the Scottish Office. Part of this role is the provision of business information and advice services to companies in Scotland, particularly smaller companies. This paper aims, firstly, to examine the structure of the Scottish Enterprise network, looking at the roles played by Local Enterprise Companies (LECs) and Local Enterprise Trusts (LETs). It then goes on to look at how Enterprise provides information for businesses in two distinctly different areas of Scotland‐Grampian and Ayrshire. The paper concludes with an overview of current and possible future developments, such as One Stop Shops, and their impact on the provision and uptake of business information.
Strategic aspects of networking
Authors: Ashford John H
Published: February 2008

The basic technical components of ‘information networking’ have been in place since the mid‐1970s, when the first generation online bibliographic services such as the INSPEC databases and MEDLINE, implemented on dial‐up hosts like Dialog and ESA changed the ways in which librarians approached bibliographic searching — at least in the better funded organizations. The peak of diversification and growth of the online bibliographic database probably came around 1988 when Williams reviewed the near‐exponential growth of new services and the extraordinary diversity of the sources which appeared to be viable. At about the same time, however, it was being pointed out that despite the excitement this was generating in libraries, it amounted to less than 15% of the European market in electronic information services, with data‐oriented financial services dominating the remainder. The share of the host‐based financial data services has probably subsequently grown — at the time of writing in August 1993, Reuters (a market leader in financial data services) was reported as having difficulty in disposing of its trading profits.
Standards: their relevance to scientific and technical information
Authors: Ward Sandra
Published: February 2008

Standards exist for many aspects of scientific and technical information and its management. This paper examines standardization from the perspective of an ‘ideal information scenario’. It focuses both on the older well‐established standards and those standards currently under development which are most important for information management. It concludes with a proposed approach for planning standards activity.
Information consultancy services and development
Authors: Gilchrist Alan
Published: February 2008

Consultancy in the West is relatively big business. In 1991, the top 25 European consulting firms earned over £2,000 million. In 1992, income earned in the UK alone by the top 25 topped £1,000 million; and a surprisingly high number of consultancies were untouched by the recession. Some even increased their profitability — in some cases quite dramatically (Table 1).
The 1991 Census on CD‐ROM: challenges for libraries
Authors: Rowley J.E.
Published: February 2008

The publication in 1993 of the 1991 Census on CD‐ROM by Chadwyck‐Healey makes the data much more accessible, cheaper and easier to use. The data is available in a variety of different formats to suit different user groups. A number of software products are available to assist the user in the exploitation of the Census data. The Census Data on CD‐ROM is particularly likely to be important in public and academic libraries. As with the development of any CD‐ROM based service there are a number of strategic and practical day‐to‐day issues that will need to be addressed.
Maintenance of the Dobis/Libis database
Authors: Khurshid Zahiruddin
Published: February 2008

The paper describes various database maintenance functions of Dobis/Libis. In addition, two authority control components: (1) adding cross‐references to provide linkage between headings, and (2) adding authority notes as local decisions about the use of series, both name and title, are discussed.
Taking advantage of developments in the world information industry in planning information services and managing information
Authors: Orna Elizabeth
Published: February 2008

In this paper I shall try to define the ‘world information industry’, and to outline its present situation.
New trends in terminology processing and implications for practical translation
Authors: Nkwenti‐Azeh Blaise
Published: February 2008

This paper examines how the changes currently taking place in terminology processing and documentation are related to the multilingual needs of translation, and also how progress in natural language processing in general, and terminology processing in particular, can contribute to the development of reliable, up‐to‐date terminology support tools for translators. The paper also describes some recent experiences in the automatic identification of terminological units from corpora. The paper concludes by identifying some specific areas in terminology software development which can benefit from the expertise of translators and other language professionals.
Forty ways to skin a cat: users report on machine translation
Authors: Lawson Veronica , Vasconcellos Muriel
Published: February 2008

In probably the most extensive survey of MT use ever performed, some forty users have reported directly on their experience. This paper explores their responses. Many are favourable. What are they doing? Are they language professionals? What is MT for? ‘PCMT’ — affordable MT software for your desktop — has transformed the user profile. One vendor has sold over 200,000 MT packages at under $100.
The Internet — an electronic treasure trove
Authors: Obenaus Gerhard
Published: February 2008

The Internet, a network of computers with distinctive software and hardware, interconnects millions of people world wide and offers tremendous amounts of information. Translators may benefit from the Internet throughout the translation process. The Internet is growing so fast that trying to find the right information is like looking for a needle in a haystack. This paper discusses some of the benefits of the Internet for the translator, and then points out various tools and guides which can be used to get the most out of the Internet.
Terminology and the computer — attention shifts to the micro
Authors: Bennett Roger
Published: February 2008

Following an outline of the organizational context of terminology work in the Commission, this paper considers the various types of computer application used, ranging from mainframe terminology databases (Eurodicautom) through documentary databases and wordprocessing software to specialized PC applications, with particular attention to current developments. An attempt is made to explain the factors leading to the development of an in‐house terminology management tool for a networked PC environment and the features of the package developed are reviewed. Consideration is also given to the lessons which others might draw from the Commission's experience.
The user perspective of the ELINOR electronic library
Authors: Wu Zimin , Ramsden Anne , Zhao Dianguo
Published: February 2008

The electronic library is emerging as the library of the foreseeable future but its user aspect, particularly the usability, requires more research. This article describes the ELINOR (Electronic Library and Information Online Retrieval) developments at De Montfort University from the user's perspective. It firstly shows the main features of the ELINOR user interface which illustrates how a user can find a document in the Electronic Library and subsequently read the retrieved document on the screen. This is then followed by a discussion of the methodology and findings of a user study based on a random sample of eight ELINOR users conducted in the Autumn term of 1993. The user study included searching/reading/browsing tasks and a questionnaire. The former is a controlled experiment designed to gauge objectively the usability of ELINOR by comparing the use of the electronic books with that of printed books. The questionnaire shows the user's subjective reaction to ELINOR. Future work on the user study will expand the sample to include all the first‐ and second‐year students doing the Business Information Systems Course at the University's Milton Keynes campus.
Interactive corpus‐based translation drafting tool (Translearn)
Authors: Piperidis Stelios
Published: February 2008

This paper describes the research and development activities carried out in the framework of the Translearn project. The aim of the project is to build a translation memory tool and the appropriate translation work environment. Translearn's application corpus consists of regulations and directives of the European Union (EU), extracted from the CELEX database, the EU's documentation system on EU law, and the language versions it concentrates on are English, French, Portuguese and Greek. The development of the prototype tool for the envisaged system proves the application's usefulness in the translation process of international multilingual organizations as well as in the localization‐internationalization process of international enterprises.
‘In the beginning was the word…’: social and economic factors in scholarly electronic communication
Authors: Wilson Tom
Published: February 2008

I have given this address the title, ‘In the beginning was the word…’, which is not exactly a novel coinage! However, they are words worth remembering, since they draw attention to the primacy of the word in the formation of our understanding (and, indeed, definition) of the world around us. Words still have that primacy, but they can be illuminated by images and moving pictures and by numbers and sounds. Electronic communication now provides the means for integrating words, sounds, numbers and pictures to present ideas and research findings more rapidly and more effectively — and the world is changing.
Is electronic publishing viable? An analysis of the factors of electronic publishing affecting viability in bibliographic and reference publishing
Authors: Butcher David , Rowley Jennifer
Published: February 2008

There is currently a general air of euphoria concerning the potential for electronic publishing on CD‐ROM and over the Internet. Yet many publishers are proceeding cautiously and are supplementing their print products with CD‐ROM or online full text products. Most publishers view the future for electronic publishing as uncertain, not because they can not see the potential of the technology, but because they are unsure of the extent of acceptance of electronic information products in the marketplace.
Technology strategy surveys as an aid to change in publishing
Authors: Evans PM
Published: February 2008

The so‐called information revolution has reached the stage where the publishing industry had joined in, beginning a transformation into electronic forms as computer technology impacts in a more significant way on a relatively traditional industry. The transformation required is, over the long term, essentially a change from mass manufacture to flexible manufacturing and requires an increased marketing orientation. Technology is the enabler both of the product and, in part, of organizational change towards innovation cultures provided it is focused on the market and technology users, both within and outside the firm. This paper examines the use of an IT strategy survey of managers and key staff within a publishing organization where they have been selected from both IT and business functions. It demonstrates the method may be useful in creating an awareness of issues to be confronted to create the transformation required not just in terms of IT, but also marketing orientation and organizational modernization. It is argued that this awareness is a necessary adjunct to the formulation of corporate strategy in publishing companies as the electronic era gathers pace.
Managing a library automation project
Authors: Khurshid Zahiruddin
Published: February 2008

The paper begins with a brief history of library automation and the implementation of DOBIS/LIBIS at the King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Library. It also discusses the management aspects of the automation project including the composition of the project management teams, the roles of the Project Manager and the Library Systems Analyst and the relationship between the Library and the Data Processing Center as two major partners of the project. The paper also highlights the limitation of the Systems Office in the absence of full‐time staff and suggests that library automation must be managed just as other activities are managed.
Using the Internet as a strategic business tool
Authors: Ban Seng Lim
Published: February 2008

This article discusses the potential benefits of using the Internet to conduct business — to boost business productivity and to enhance business competitiveness. Six key Internet tools and how they can be used to support online commerce are briefly introduced. Ways in which businesses are capitalising on the use of the Internet as a major strategic tool for commerce are described. The extent to which local firms in Singapore are tapping into the Internet to increase business profitability is also outlined. While there are currently some problems hampering a more widespread adoption of Internet commerce, chief of which is the issue of security, there is nevertheless determined and concerted effort to resolve these.
Shared human resources in academic libraries in Nigeria
Authors: Abareh H.M.
Published: February 2008

The aim of this paper is to examine the possibility of sharing human resources between university libraries in Nigeria, a relatively unknown form of cooperation. It examines the opinions of 168 practising librarians who replied to a questionnaire about exchanges and highlights their views. The author recommends the implementation of shared human resources as a matter of urgency between university libraries in Nigeria.
Foucault's view of knowledge
Authors: Hannabuss Stuart
Published: February 2008

Knowledge, as represented in the history of ideas and in studies of knowledge paradigms and bibliographical structures, appears coherent and rationalistic. By examining the work of the French historian and philosopher Michel Foucault, this view is discussed. Special attention is given, in any cultural or scientific interpretation of an age, to the need to get behind the dominant or hegemonistic body of institutionalized and documented knowledge. We need to investigate the assumptions and underlying influences on the ways in which discourse embody and shape meanings. What preconceptually underpins, we might ask, what people know as knowledge. Important links between language, truth and power are examined, and these are major concerns for Foucault. It is argued that Foucault's ‘archaeological’ and ‘genealogical’ insights into the nature of warranted knowledge are crucial for an understanding of the communication process and the knowledge‐organizing activities of information specialists.
Machine translation: success or failure using MT in an IT research and development environment
Authors: Bernard Ursula
Published: February 2008

This paper discusses the use of raw machine translations in an IT research and development environment. Researchers use machine translation as a drafting tool for scientific papers. The language pairs are German→ English and English→ German. The raw machine translations are produced on an experimental basis by means of the MT systems LOGOS, METAL and Globalink Power Translator Professional. The experiments are to show whether the systems are suitable for this purpose or not. Since the use of raw machine translations is considered to be crucial to the future of MT, the paper discusses success or failure of the technology against this background.
Security issues on the Internet
Authors: Leiby Chris , Konkol Mark
Published: February 2008

The Internet is rapidly becoming one of the most important technologies for global communication and business. Although businesses are generally aware of the necessity of safeguarding valuable company information, the scope of networked communications and the speed of change can make it easy to overlook the many and varied modes of access to data. This paper presents a non‐technical overview and points the way towards a sensible consideration of security issues.
Education for the lubricant industry
Authors: DAVEY W.
Published: February 2008

SCIENTIFIC lubrication is concerned with the effective reduction of friction and the efficient running of machinery and since this subject affects everyone to a greater or lesser extent it is highly desirable that some knowledge of the principles and practice of lubrication should be available to all. Since machinery is likely to play an even greater part in our lives in the future the need for knowledge of scientific lubrication is urgent and, with this in mind, a survey of education in relation to lubrication should prove valuable in assessing the present and future needs, and in finding the best ways of satisfying them. In such a survey the following five groups of people are involved :—
Lubricants for COLD STARTING
Authors: ARTER K.T.
Published: February 2008

The modern motorist rightly expects to use his car under all weather conditions. In fact, its utility is greatest in bad weather. It is, therefore, essential that he—and his wife—should be able to start the engine promptly and drive away in cold weather with the minimum of trouble.
Emulsions and lubrication
Authors: BRANCKER A.V.
Published: February 2008

In the first part of this article, in our last issue, DR. BRANCKER discussed the fundamental elements of emulsification, the orientation and wetting theories and their connections with lubrication. In this part he discusses metal cleaning, solid emulsions and atomisation. The theories discussed are of primary importance in connection with spraying metal surfaces for corrosion inhibition or for lubrication. The theories of atomisation are also important in connection with lubrication by aerosols.
ENGINE BEARING FAILURES
Authors: STOKELY J.M.
Published: February 2008

The frequent use of copper‐lead and cadmium alloy bearings for heavy duty diesel engine use has brought about a number of problems and a lot of troubles that occur with these bearings are frequently blamed on to the lubricating oil. The difficulty of differentiating between failures caused by fatigue and corrosion is a real one and quite apart from these two causes, there may be many contributory factors. A paper recently presented to the Society of Automobile Engineers at California by Mr. Stokely of the California Research Corporation on this subject has provided some valuable guidance on these matters. The following is a condensation of this paper.
Soluble cutting oils
Authors: HARMAN H.M.
Published: February 2008

MOST of the heat generated in cutting is caused by the chips breaking away from the stock and it is therefore necessary to maintain the cutting coolant at a constant temperature. Reduced coolant temperature will also prolong tool life. In addition, if temperatures are excessive, oil will be lost in smoke which is both wasteful and objectionable.
The CRISIS IN I.C. ENGINE LUBRICATION
Authors: STEINITZ E.W.
Published: February 2008

Part One of this article discussed the engine side of the crisis in i.c. engine lubrication. In this part, the author makes some suggestions that will be certain to instigate considerable discussion. He suggests that the darkening of normal petroleum i.c. engine oils is almost wholly due to the ageing of the oil itself and not to contamination with products of fuel combustion. The illustrations show a very clean engine after covering 12,000 miles without oil change and using a modern synthetic motor oil which, the author claims, was still transparent and free from carbon. Another suggestion concerns the modern lubrication system which the author suggests might be replaced with an oil mist lubricator in which the mist is produced external to the engine and therefore escapes its present ill effects of polymerisation in the crank case. Readers views upon these important matters will be welcomed.
Powder metallurgy and lubrication
Authors: GREENWOOD H.W.
Published: February 2008

There are three directions in which powder metallurgy has made outstanding contributions to the problems of efficient and economical lubrication. First, we have the porous (sometimes called the self‐lubricating) bearing, then there are the steel‐backed bronze lined oil retaining bearings and bushes and the copper lead or other alloy porous bearings and lastly, powder metallurgy has provided materials for filtering oils at high speed and under considerable pressures.
AIRCRAFT LUBRICATION
Authors: HUNT KENNETH C.
Published: February 2008

The design and construction of a successful modern aircraft makes the highest demands on engineering techniques, demands which are not equaled in any other field. An aircraft flies only because it is refined in design and manufactured to the limit of its builder's knowledge and its usefulness as a means of transportation direct proportion to the builder's skill in weight reduction and in the extraction of the maximum possible power per pound of power unit weight.
PHOSPHATE COATINGS
Authors: ROOSA M.B.
Published: February 2008

The automotive, aircraft and diesel engine fields have maintained one common trend toward increased power output, higher compression ratios, and resultant higher engine temperatures. As a result, the break‐in and scuffing problems in engine design have become of prime importance wherever ferrous metals are used as bearing surfaces.
The viscosity‐temperature dependence of lubricating oils
Authors: BRANKER A.V.
Published: February 2008

ON the basis of the kinetic theory, molecules in a liquid, at a given temperature, are at a certain energy level. Before the molecules can undergo a transition to a higher energy level they must acquire an activation energy designated by E. The Maxwell distribution law states that the number of molecules possessing sufficient energy for transition are in relation to the expression e‐E/RT where R is the gas particularly over extended temperature ranges, a study has been made of these deviations to ascertain whether they are anomalous or whether equation la fails to apply to such cases.
The importance of using
Authors: THOMSEN T.C.
Published: February 2008

EVER since mineral lubricating oils came into use, the practice of lubrication has shown an increasing tendency to use oils lower in viscosity. The reason for this development is obviously the introduction of higher and higher speeds, and, accordingly, an endeavour to reduce the greater frictional losses arising from these higher speeds. Let us analyze the problem by considering the various forms of friction.
MORE LUBRICATION PROBLEMS OVERSEAS
Authors: Tong Robert W.
Published: February 2008

Earlier notes on this subject have been published in our December 1950 issue, and the writer here adds a few more observations from his day‐to‐day experience in South Africa, for he feels that the lubrication problems of these areas are definitely not receiving the care and attention from designers and suppliers in England that they should.
REFRIGERATOR OILS
Authors: VAUGHAN BRIAN J
Published: February 2008

In this article the performance and properties which are desirable for a low temperature lubricant will be discussed. The article will be divided into three main headings, namely :—