bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
التَغيّرات الُمناخيّة وآثارَها في تَغَيُر مَحصول الباِقلّاء الخَضراء في مُحافَظة واِسط
Authors: محمد كريم جنيط م. د.
Published: October 2021

يهدف البحث الى تحليل التغيرات المناخية وآثارها في تغير محصول الباقلاء الخضراء في محافظة واسط ، ليظهر آثار تلك التغيرات المناخية العالمية والتي أثرت على تغير العناصر المناخية في محافظة واسط ( منطقة الدراسة)، وتأثيرها على محصول الباقلاء الخضراء، إذ تم الاعتماد على بيانات لأربع محطات مناخية            (بغداد – الحلة - الحي- الديوانية)، ولثلاث دورات مناخية صغرى للمدة (1986-2018) .

     خلص البحث وجود تغيرات في عناصر المناخ ، وأن هذه التغيرات لها دور في التأثير في الحياة النباتية أثرت في محصول الباقلاء الخضراء في محافظة واسط .
فلسفة التقية في القرآن الكريم دراسة تفسيرية موازنه.
Authors: بركاوي جليب دارم ا.م. د.
Published: October 2021

التقية مبدأ عقلائي فطري ينجم عنه مكاسب كثيرة تكمن في حفظ النفوس وصون الحرمات وحماية الدين, فلم تكن وسيلة للرضوخ والاستسلام أو دعوة للضعف والانهزام , فالإسلام أعظم من أن يجيز مثل ذلك, وقد شغل هذا المبدأ اهتماما واسعاً من قِبل رواد الفكر الإسلامي, اكتسبت أهميتها من إجازة الوحي المتواتر لها وتشديد السنة عليها, واستحسان العقل لها عندما يصادر المجتمع حرية الفكر والعمل, ومع ذلك فهي غير جائزة على كل حال بل يحظر اللجوء إليها إذا استدعى العمل بها فساداً للدين أو إضلالاً للخلق أو سفكاً للدماء, وعن اختلاف بعض علماء المسلمين بشأنها ما هو إلا خلاف لفظي فقد بحث بعضهم مبانيها بعنوان الإكراه واصطلح عليها بعضهم اسم التقية, فالتشنيع والتقريع بحق الشيعة الإمامية لاستعمالهم إيّاها مفتقداً لمرتكزاته , مفتقر لمقوماته.
واقع التعلم عن بعد في المرحلة الابتدائية من وجهة نظر المعلمين والمعلمات
Authors: حذام جليل عباس حسين م. د.
Published: October 2021

يمثل التعلم عن بعد احد التقنيات الحديثة التي انبثقت عن فكرة الجمع بين التعليم التقليدي والتعليم الالكتروني, وهو من الاساليب التعليمية التي تهدف الى خلق بيئة تفاعلية افتراضية عبر شبكة الانترنيت تسمح للتلميذ والمعلم اللقاء من خلالها إذ تحتوي مجموعة من الانشطة المشابهة لأنشطة الصف التقليدي التي يقوم بها المعلم وتلاميذه ,تفصلهم حواجز مكانية ويعملون معاً بغض النظر عن مكان وزمان تواجدهم .

ولأهمية التعلم عن بعد في وقتنا الحاضر وتزامناً مع المتغيرات المتسارعة التي نعيشها اليوم ,فقد جاء البحث الحالي بهدف التعرف على واقع التعلم عن بعد من وجهة  نظر معلمي ومعلمات المرحلة الابتدائية .

ومن أجل تحقيق هدف البحث تم التوجه إلى عينة من معلمي ومعلمات المرحلة الابتدائية في محافظة واسط/قضاء الصويرة بلغت (60 ) معلم ومعلمة ,وبواقع (30 ) معلم و(30 ) معلمة في المدارس الحكومية التابعة للمديرية العامة لتربية قضاء الصويرة, وقد تم الاعتماد على الاستبانة كأداة للبحث للتوصل الى النتائج  وبعد جمع المعلومات والبيانات توصلت الباحثة الى واقع التعلم عن بعد في المرحلة الابتدائية , فضلا عن التعرف عما يوجهه هذا التعلم من تحديات تقنية وبشرية ومادية  .
تقييم البيئة التعليمية من وجهة نظرالطلبة العراقيين دراسي لغة الانجليزية كالغة اجنبية
Authors: حسين كمر كرم م.
Published: October 2021

الملخص

      تمثل  إنشاء بيئة صفية إيجابية مرحلةً مهمةً في التّدريس الفعّال؛لخلق بيئة صفية إيجابية . ولإيجادها (بيئة التّعلم الإيجابية) لابد أنّ يكون هناك عنصران فيها وهما: ( الجسديّة والنّفسيّة). ويتضمن الأول  في البيئة الماديّة للفصل الدَّراسيّ عبر كيفية ترتيب الأشياء ، وكيفية تخزين المواد. ولابد أن يكون الفصل الدَّراسيّ جذابًا باستعمال ألوان واضحة على جدران الفصل. بالإضافة إلى ذلك ، يمكن توفير الرّسومات على الحائط والوحدات الموضوعية كأدوات تحفيزية للطلاب وبالتالي يمكنهم الإستمتاع  بالتّواجد هناك. أمّا العنصر الثانيّ فيهتم  بالبيئة المعنويّة حيث  الجانب النّفسيّ للفصل الدَّراسيّ  حيث شعور الطلاب بتعلمهم. ويمكن أن يسمح إنشاء بيئة صفية إيجابية للطلاب بتجنب العزلة ، وتطوير مهارات التّواصل ، والمهارات الإجتماعيّة المعرفيّة ، وتعزيز نمو الطلاب ، ومساعدتهم على مشاركة المعتقدات ، وتحسين التّفاعل الإيجابيّ ، ومساعدتهم على الشّعور بالسّعادة .كذلك  يحفز التّعلم الإيجابيّ الإندورفين في الدّم ، والذي يدور حول النّشوة ويحفز الفص الجبهي . في الأساس ؛ ليصبح التّعلم تجربة ممتعة بدلاً من كونه موقفًا طاردًا للمتعلم.
الحجاب في شعر المرأة في العصر الجاهلي
Authors: نضال أحمد باقر أ. م . د .
Published: October 2021

إنَّ محاولة رصد ظاهرة الحجاب في شعر المرأة في العصر الجاهلي تكشف عن موقفها النفسي منه ، وبيان مدى حبها له واعتزازها به، أو نفورها منه، ومن ثم تتبعنا ظاهرة السفور التي تتشكل بالضد من ظاهرة الحجاب بوصفها دالة ارتهنت بالأعراف والتقاليد في المجتمع الجاهلي.

        ونظرًا لاتساع مصطلح  الحجاب وتشعبه في مفهومه اللغوي بوصفه دالاً على الستر والمنع والحيلولة، قسمنا البحث الى مبحثين، تناول المبحث الأول: الحجاب الملبوس، فيما تناول المبحث الثاني: الحجاب غير الملبوس، وبيان أثر هذين  النوعين في إثراء صور الحجاب ومدلولاته، وإظهار قدرة هذا الشعر على حمل معاني الحجاب وأهدافه التي تنشدها الشواعر الجاهليات بوصفهن المعبرات عن طموح المرأة العربية ورغباتها في العفة والطهارة مع العيش  بآمن وسلام.

        توصل البحث الى القيمة العليا التي يتمتع بها حجاب المرأة وما يمكن أن يحدثه عند الآخر (الرجل)، إذ تبينَ أن المرأة لم تكن وحدها حريصة على الستر والعفاف، بل شاركها في ذلك الرجل، فقد كان مطلباً مشتركاً بينهما على الرغم من وجود دراسات وأبحاث تشير إلى تهميش المرأة وإباحيتها في تلك الفترة المتقدمة من الزمن.
The new BRT system has led to an overall increase in transit-based accessibility to essential services during the COVID-19 pandemic: Empirical evidence from Winnipeg, Canada
Authors: Singh Suraj Shirodkar , Javanmard Reyhane , Lee Jinhyung , Kim Junghwan , Diab Ehab
Published: October 2021

Recently, in Winnipeg, the implementation of new bus rapid transit (BRT) system in the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic has raised many concerns, challenging the rationale behind the untimely release. However, the new BRT service can benefit low-income, socio-economically vulnerable, and transit captive passengers who must travel to essential services and work opportunities during the pandemic. This study evaluates whether the new BRT system has positive impacts on accessibility to such essential services during the pandemic. Isochrones with different time budgets as well as times of a day are generated based on high-resolution public transit network via the General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) data and used for evaluating accessibility benefits before and after the BRT construction. The new BRT service in Winnipeg demonstrates varying accessibility impacts across different parts of the BRT corridor. Areas near dedicated lane-section show a significant increase, whereas areas near non-dedicated lane sections show a decrease in accessibility. Nevertheless, across the whole BRT corridor, the new BRT service presents an overall increase in accessibility to essential services. This demonstrates the positive accessibility benefits of the new BRT service to residents seeking essential services during the COVID-19 pandemic. A decrease in accessibility along some parts suggests the necessity of using local transit improvement strategies (e.g., dedicated lanes) to improve service speed when planning BRT services within urban areas.
COVID-19 experience and challenges from a referral hospital in East Borneo, Indonesia: a case series
Authors: Aristyo Kevin , Adlar Filbert Riady , Adhyaksanti Diah
Published: October 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a multifaceted disease and pandemic control requires a collaborative approach between various stakeholders from frontline doctors to governing bodies. Here we report the challenges faced in early COVID-19 cases that were admitted to Balikpapan General Hospital, East Borneo, Indonesia. We highlighted the insufficiencies in implementing the regulations endorsed by Indonesian Government in low resource settings.
静电场和静止的引力场之间存在相互作用吗？
Authors: YANG Zheng-Ling
Published: October 2021

物理学里引力和电磁力的统一，会遇到一个基本问题。即：引力和电磁力是否两种严格独立的作用力。在简化的情况下，即只有静电场、静止的万有引力场等作用下，建议了一个判定实验的原理性方案。使一个宏观物理客体，在静电场、静止的万有引力场的共同作用下恰好处在相对静止的状态。只改变静电场，或只改变万有引力场，精确测量该宏观物理客体的三维空间运动状态。在扣除各种已知的作用后，假如该宏观物理客体还有剩余的运动信号，则可能是由引力和电磁力不是严格独立而引起。
Synthèse de l'Indigo
Authors: Labidi Aymen
Published: October 2021

Un pigment est une molécule et non une couleur. Le pigment est un élément chimique qui permetde créer une couleur, et donc une peinture ou une teinture, en le mélangeant avec un liant. Lespigments peuvent être d’origine minérale, animale ou végétale ou synthétique. Selon le type depigment employé, on obtiendra une couleur plus ou moins vive, parmi ces pigments, on cite l’indigo.L’indigo est historiquement la matière colorante bleu-violacé extraite des feuilles et des tiges del’indigotier. À partir de la fin du XIXe siècle, les chimistes montrèrent que la couleur bleu-indigoextraite de diverses plantes tinctoriales correspondait à un même pigment nommé indigotine ouindigo. Dans cet article sous forme de rapport de laboratoire, on va détailler le protocol de synthtèsede l’indigo.
Evaluating the Evolution of ECMWF Precipitation Products Using Observational Data for Iran: From ERA40 to ERA5
Authors: Ghajarnia Navid , Akbari Mahdi , Saemian Peyman , Ehsani Mohammad Reza , Hosseini-Moghari Seyed-Mohammad , Azizian Asghar , Kalantari Zahra , Behrangi Ali , Tourian Mohammad Javad , Klöve Björn , Torabi Haghighi Ali
Published: October 2021

ECMWF Reanalysis (ERA), one of the most widely used precipitation products evolved over time from ERA-40 to ERA-20CM, ERA-20C, ERA-Interim, and ERA5. Studies evaluating the performance of individual ERA products cannot adequately assess the evolution in the products. We compared the performance of all ERA precipitation products using daily, monthly, and annual data (1980-2018) from more than 2100 Iran precipitation gauges. Results indicated that ERA-40 performed worst, followed by ERA-20CM, which showed only minor improvements over ERA-40. ERA-20C considerably outperformed its predecessors, benefiting from assimilation of observational data. Although several previous studies have reported full superiority of ERA5 over ERA-Interim, our results revealed several shortcomings compared with ERA-Interim in ERA5 estimates. Both ERA-Interim and ERA5 performed best overall, with ERA-Interim showing better statistical and categorical skill scores, and ERA5 performing better in estimating extreme precipitations. These results suggest that the accuracy of ERA precipitation products improved from ERA-40 to ERA-Interim, but not consistently from ERA-Interim to ERA5. This study employed a grid-grid comparison approach by firstly creating a gridded reference dataset through spatial aggregation of point source observations, however, the results from a point-grid approach show no change in the overall ranking of products (despite the existence of slight changes in the error index values). These findings are useful for model development at global scale and for hydrological applications in Iran.
Oblique convergence causes both thrust and strike-slip ruptures during the 2021 M 7.2 Haiti earthquake
Authors: Okuwaki Ryo , Fan Wenyuan
Published: October 2021

A devastating magnitude 7.2 earthquake struck Southern Haiti on 14 August 2021. The earthquake caused severe damage and over 2000 casualties. Resolving the earthquake rupture process can provide critical insights into hazard mitigation. Here we use integrated seismological analyses to obtain the rupture history of the 2021 earthquake. We find the earthquake first broke a blind thrust fault and then jumped to a disconnected strike-slip fault. Neither of the fault configurations aligns with the left-lateral tectonic boundary between the Caribbean and North American plates. The complex multi-fault rupture may result from the oblique plate convergence in the region, so that the initial thrust rupture is due to the boundary-normal compression and the following strike-slip faulting originates from the Gonâve microplate block movement, orienting SW-NE direction. The complex rupture development of the earthquake suggests that the regional deformation is accommodated by a network of segmented faults with diverse faulting conditions.
The Effect of Formation Processes on The Frequency of Palaeolithic Cave Sites in Semi-Arid Zones: Insights From Kazakhstan
Authors: Varis Aristeidis , Miller Christopher , Cuthbertson Patrick , Namen Abay , Taimagambetov Zhaken , Iovita Radu
Published: October 2021

Central Asian caves with Palaeolithic deposits are few but they provide a rich record of human fossils and cultural assemblages that has been used to model Late Pleistocene hominin dispersals. However, previous research has not yet systematically evaluated the formation processes that influence the frequency of Palaeolithic cave sites in the region. To address this deficiency, we combined field survey and micromorphological analyses in the piedmont zone of south Kazakhstan. Here we present our preliminary results focusing on selected sites of the Qaratau mountains. Sediment cover varies among the surveyed caves and loess-like sediments dominate the cave sequences. The preservation of cave deposits is influenced by reworking of cave sediments within the caves but also by the broader erosional processes that shape semi-arid landscapes. Ultimately, deposits of potentially Pleistocene age are scarce. Our study provides new data in the geoarchaeologically neglected region of Central Asia and demonstrates that micromorphology has great analytical potential even within the limitations of rigorous survey projects. We outline some of the processes that influence the formation and preservation of cave deposits inKazakhstan, as well as broader implications for the distribution of Palaeolithic cave sites in Central Asia and other semi-arid environments.
The Interpersonal Consequences of Moral Grandstanding
Authors: Savejnarong Trin , Pornsukjantra Pattramon , Manley Harry
Published: October 2021

Moral grandstanding refers to the use of moral talk to gain status. Although moral grandstanding has a negative impact on general discourse, little is known about its interpersonal consequences; in other words, how are grandstanders perceived by others? In three studies (N = 525), we examined how prestige and dominance-based moral grandstanding is associated with a range of interpersonal outcomes (Study 1 and 2: social status, morality, attraction; Study 3: engagement and morality), and how these effects are moderated by perceptions of hypocrisy (Study 2) and shared attitudes (Study 3). Results from these studies indicate that prestige-based moral grandstanding was associated with more positive perceptions of status, morality, and interpersonal attraction compared to dominance-based moral grandstanding.
Internet-based peer support interventions for people living with HIV: A Scoping Review
Authors: Costa-Cordella Stefanella , Grasso-Cladera Aitana , Rossi Alejandra , Duarte Javiera , Guinazu Flavia , Cortes Claudia P.
Published: October 2021

Peer support interventions for people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) are widely effective, but their associated time and material costs for the recipient and the health system make them reachable for only a small proportion of PLWHA. Internet-based interventions are an effective alternative for delivering psychosocial interventions for PLWHA as they are more accessible and offer anonymity.Currently, no reviews are focusing on internet-based interventions with peer support components. This study aims to map the existing literature on psychosocial interventions for PLWHA based on peer support and delivered through the internet. We conducted a systematic scoping review of academic literature following PRISMA guidelines. Nine articles met our criteria, and we summarized them using a narrative synthesis method. We found internet-based peer support interventions for PLWHA are feasible and acceptable to participants and healthcare workers. We conclude that internet-based peer support interventions for PLWHA are a promising alternative to those in person.
The FOE Effect: Overestimated Prevalence of Opponent Extremists, and Miscalibrated Political Contempt
Authors: Parker Victoria Ashley , Feinberg Matthew , Tullett Alexa Mary , Lefebvre Paul , Wilson Anne E
Published: October 2021

Americans’ hostility toward political opponents has intensified to a degree not explained by actual ideological polarization. We propose that political animosity is particularly driven by partisans’ overestimation of the prevalence of extreme, egregious views held by only a minority of opponents but imagined to be widespread. In contrast, we did not expect opponents’ more moderate positions to be overestimated or to account for much hostility. Across five studies (N= 5402; three preregistered), we examine issue extremity as an antecedent of attitude overestimation. A majority of liberals and conservatives agreed with their party’s moderate issues but most rejected their side’s extreme or “fringe” issues. Our findings offer three key advances: First, partisans consistently overestimated the prevalence of their opponents’ extreme, caricatured views but not opponents’ moderate policy views, which they actually tended to underestimate. This selective overestimation reveals a specific bias towards perceiving extreme or fringe partisan views as much more prevalent than they are, a phenomenon we describe as the Fringe Overestimation Error, or the FOE effect. Second, this overestimation is linked to partisan media consumption, which amplifies perceptions of opponent extremity. Third, partisans’ (over)estimation of political opponents’ agreement with extreme (but not moderate) issues consistently predicted cross-partisan dislike, which in turn predicted unwillingness to engage with opponents, foreclosing opportunities to correct misperceptions (Studies 2-5). When asked about the basis of their opponent dislike, participants even explicitly attributed animosity to extreme more than moderate issues, revealing that opponent dislike was based largely on views opponents did not have (Study 3).
Assessing Perceptions of Immigrant Contribution: Scale Development and Organizational Implications
Authors: Li Sharon , Kung Franki Y. H.
Published: October 2021

The literature on immigrant perceptions has predominantly focused on the effects of perceived threat on attitudinal and behavioral outcomes towards immigrants. Although this threat perspective is useful, it is mismatched with many public opinions that immigrants are vital contributors to organizational and societal growth. The implications of immigrant contribution perceptions are still largely unknown. Building on a dual-dimension framework, this paper explores and presents the perceived immigrant contribution (PIC) construct and develops a scale as a tool to measure perceptions of economic/realistic (i.e., physical resources) and symbolic (i.e., cultural resources) immigrant contributions. Five studies provide evidence for the scale and construct validity in both general and workplace-specific contexts. The inclusion of this construct will allow future scholars to capture an alternative perspective and gain additional insights into immigrant-directed attitudes and behaviors, guiding future research towards a more positive psychology approach to studying immigrant perceptions and its organizational implications for workplace well-being, treatment, and integration.
Research Note: School Reopenings During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Implications for Gender and Racial Equity
Authors: Landivar Liana Christin , Ruppanner Leah , Rouse Lloyd , Scarborough William , Collins Caitlyn
Published: October 2021

In the fall of 2020, school districts across the country reopened under varied instructional modes. Some school districts returned to in-person instruction; some operated remotely. Others reopened under hybrid models, wherein students alternated times, days, or weeks of in-person instruction. To capture this variation, we developed the Elementary School Operating Status (ESOS) database. ESOS provides data on elementary school districts’ primary operating status in the first grading period of the 2020-2021 school year, covering 24 million students in over 9,000 school districts in all states. In this research note, we introduce these data and offer two analytical examples. We show that school districts with greater representation of Black and Hispanic students were less likely to offer in-person instruction compared to districts with greater representation of White students. These racial disparities remained after accounting for geographic locale and COVID-19 prevalence. We also show that fewer in-person elementary school instruction days was negatively associated with mothers’ labor force participation relative to fathers and women without children. ESOS is a critical data source to evaluate the mid- and long-term implications for students who experienced reduced in-person learning and for mothers who exited employment in the absence of in-person instruction and care.
The Rise of Machine Learning in the Academic Social Sciences
Authors: Rahal Charles , Verhagen Mark D. , Kirk David
Published: October 2021

This short data visualisation and accompanying perspective explains recent trends and outlines three reasons to be even more optimistic about the future of Machine Learning in the academic Social Sciences.
Factors which are Affecting Human Capital in Singapore
Authors: Sakib S M Nazmuz
Published: October 2021

The human capital index is a multivariate variable used to measure the assessment of human resource productivity in the future. Human capital has a connection with economic development. Moreover, the study looks to analyses the relationship between Human Capital and Economic Growth indicators such as HCI and GDP. Human Capital relates to the development of individual skills to make them function more profitable for the national economy. The study was aimed at investigating the effect of population, the number of people engaged and the average annual hours worked by engaged persons on the human capital index. The analysis was in SPSS for the findings. Correlation tests were used for analysis. The study revealed that population, the number of people engaged and the average annual hours worked by engaged persons had a significant positive effect on the human capital index.
Liminal urbanity: Wars, connections and material culture in early modern Helsingborg
Authors: Sumner Amanda
Published: October 2021

In the 1600s, Helsingborg was a small market town with great importance as a transport and trade connection between Scandinavia and the rest of Europe. Caught in the middle between two empires, Denmark and Sweden, the lives of Helsingborg residents were affected by wars, plagues and political disturbances. This thesis investigates the status of Helsingborg as a contested periphery town in relation to Helsingör on the other side of Öresund and in a wider southern Scandinavian context. Analysis of archaeological finds from six post-medieval sites in town centre, with primary focus on ceramics, examines how the material culture reflects urban consumption patterns, global trade connections and political changes. The results of the study demonstrate that Helsingborg in the 1600s was closely connected by trade and personal relationships to Helsingör.
Anatomical atlas of Panchavalkala – effective healing five bark drugs in gynaecological disorders
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Dravyaguna, Shree Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda, Kuthpady, Udupi, 574118, Karnataka, India, Suma V Mallya , Prabhu Suchitra ,   Research Officer, Shree Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara Centre for Research in Ayurveda & Allied Sciences, Udupi, Karnataka, India, Vishwanatha U ,   Research Officer, Shree Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara Centre for Research in Ayurveda & Allied Sciences, Udupi, Karnataka, India, Kumar KN Sunil ,   Research Officer, Department of Pharmacognosy, Siddha Central Research Institute, Central Council for Research in Siddha, Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India, Arumbakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu-600106, India
Published: October 2021

About: Panchavalkala is a combination of five bark drugs indicated in wide range of therapeutics in Ayurveda. These are the barks of five trees ie. Nyagrodha (Ficus benghalensis L.), Udumbara (Ficus racemosa L.), Ashwatha (Ficus religiosa L.), Plaksha (Ficus lacor Buch. Ham.), Parisha (Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol.ex Correa). Barks of these trees are dried in shade and are used for different formulations, in different pathological conditions, especially as wound healing and gynaecological disorders. Because of similar appearance of these five barks usually said to be adulterated with other barks of same species. Macro-microscopic works done under scientific guidelines are easy evident sources to prevent such problems. Materials and Methods: Bark samples of PVK were collected from their natural habitat, authenticated using floras and botanist’s opinion. Macro-microscopic features of these samples were taken as per standard protocol. Results: Bark samples of PVK were thick and fibrous except T. populnea which was thick with transverse crack and fissure, whereas bark of F. racemosa was mucilaginous and F. lacor had transversely arranged lip shaped lenticels on outer surface. Wide secondary phloem and masses of stone cells; thick lignified cortical cells, secondary phloem with sieve tubes and laticiferous cells in the region of phloem were marked histological features of F. religiosa and F. racemosa respectively. F. benghalensis shows a wide secondary cortex with groups of stone cells, pitted cells while a wide secondary phloem is the feature of F. lacor. Starch grain, crystals of calcium oxalate, stone cells were common among powder characters of each sample of PVK.
Screening of analgesic activity of Phoenix sylvestris leaves in rodents
Authors:   Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan-304022, India, Jain Pankaj , Jain Sonika ,   Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan-304022, India, Swarnkar Surendra Kumar ,   Lal Bahadur Shastri College of Pharmacy, Jaipur, Rajasthan- 302004, India, Sharma Swapnil ,   Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan-304022, India, Paliwal Sarvesh ,   Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan-304022, India
Published: October 2021

Aim: The present study evaluated the central and peripheral analgesic activity of methanolic leaf extract of Phoenix sylvestris (PSLME) in swiss albino mice. Method: Peripheral and central analgesic activity was evaluated by tail immersion and acetic acid writhing in swiss albino mice. Dextropropoxyphene was used as a standard drug in the dose of 65mg/kg body weight in both models. PSLME was tested at 100 and 500mg/kg dose level. Results: The result revealed that methanolic extract exhibit 48% and 40.5% writhing inhibition at 500 and 100 mg/kg doses whereas ~30% tail withdrawal reflexes inhibition at 500mg/kg which was analogous to the standard drug dextropropoxyphene. Conclusion: Methanolic extract of leaves of P. sylvestris possesses both peripheral and central analgesic activity in experimental animal.
In-silico studies in herbal drugs: A review
Authors:   PG Scholar, Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana (Medicinal chemistry and pharmacy), Amrita School of Ayurveda, Amritapuri, Monisha.M Dr. ,   Amrita Viswa Vidyapeetham,   India, Mishra Dr. Abhaya Kumar ,   Professor, Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana (Medicinal chemistry and pharmacy), Amrita School of Ayurveda, Amritapuri; Amrita Viswa Vidyapeetham; India, Ramesh N V Dr. ,   Professor and HOD, Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana (Medicinal chemistry and pharmacy), Amrita School of Ayurveda, Amritapuri; Amrita Viswa Vidyapeetham; India, Pillai Dr. K Unnikrishna ,   Professor, Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana (Medicinal chemistry and pharmacy), Amrita School of Ayurveda, Amritapuri; Amrita Viswa Vidyapeetham; India, Vineeth P K Dr. ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, (Medicinal chemistry and pharmacy), Amrita School of Ayurveda, Amritapuri; Amrita Viswa Vidyapeetham; India
Published: October 2021

Bioinformatics is the latest technology in the research field. In-silico studies are done to identify the exact target of the drug. Which finds a drug for the particular binding site and final stage animal testing can be done for obtaining a conform result. Reviews of in-silico studies in herbal drugs were retrieved through the use of PubMed. Specific software on a computer allows researchers to analyse enormous data without actually conducting a large number of experiments. It helps to give the existing information to model disease pathway and identifies precise targets of the selected drugs. Modern instrumental techniques like XRD, XRF, ICP-MS etc. help in quantitative and qualitative estimation of metals and minerals and structural analysis of compound drugs. A later stage in vivo and in vitro studies can be done for obtaining the confirmatory result.
A clinical study of Shunthyadi churna in the Management of Tamaka shwasa W.S.R. to Bronchial Asthma
Authors:   PhD Scholar, Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT and RA, Gujarat Ayurved University Jamnagar, Gujarat, India, Jadav Rajnik , Dave Alankruta ,   Associate Professor, Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT and RA, Gujarat Ayurved University Jamnagar, Gujarat, India, Varsakiya Jitendra ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Kayachiktsa, Chaudhary Brahm Prakash Ayurved Charaka Smasthan, Najafgarh, Khera Dabar, New Delhi, India
Published: October 2021

In classics Tamaka Shwasa is Pitta Sthana Samudbhava Vhadhi, mainly affected Doshas are Vata and Pitta. In modern science Tamaka Swasa is correlate with bronchil ashtha, Symptoms of Tamaka Swasa is nearly similar to. Bronchial asthma a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways in which the chronic inflammation causes an associated increase in airway hyperresponsiveness that leads to recurrent episodes of asthmatic exacerbation. Modern science has no permanent cure of Tamaka Swasa, thats why it is necessity to search herbal and herbo-minaral preparations for the treatment of disease. It is safe and effective in asthma. Shunthyadi Churna described in Yogratnakara for the treatment of Shwasa. Aim: Role of Shunthyadi Churna in treatment of Tamaka Shwasa. Materials and Methods: Total 23 patients of Tamaka Shwasa age group of 18 to 60 years fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected for trial. Disscussion: Properties having Shuthyadi Churna is Tikta Katu Rasa, Laghu and Tikna Guna (light and penetrating properties), Ushna Virya (hot potency) and Vatakaphagna (decrease Vata and Kapha Dosha). Shuthyadi Churna is effective in break down the Samprapti of Tamaka Swasa and effective remedy for the patient of bronchial asthma.
Effect of Oral Co-administration of Curcumin and Piperine on the Development of Induced Cutaneous Tumors in Mice
Authors:   Professor, Laboratory of Biology and Health, Research Unit Associate CNRST - URAC 34, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco., Amsaguine Siham , Bouraymi Omar ,   Student, Laboratory of Biology and Health, Research Unit Associate CNRST - URAC 34, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco., amrani Najat El ,   Professor, Laboratory of Biology and Health, Research Unit Associate CNRST - URAC 34, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco., Radallah Driss ,   Professor, Laboratory of Biology and Health, Research Unit Associate CNRST - URAC 34, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco.
Published: October 2021

Turmeric is a yellow powder from the rhizomes of a herbaceous plant, Curcuma longa. Curcumin, a major component of turmeric, is a polyphenol that has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties that give it an antitumor effect. Administration of oral curcumin appears few effective because of its low bioavailability but adjuvants such as piperine present in black pepper may improve this bioavailability. The aim of the present study is the evaluation the effect of curcumin and piperine-based regimen on the development and growth of chemo-induced cutaneous tumors in Swiss albino mice. A single topical application of 400 nmol of DMBA (7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene) is followed one week later by the application twice a week of 5 nmol of TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) during 10 weeks. DMBA/TPA-induced papillomas are evaluated in mice fed a standard diet or curcumin (0.5%) and piperine (0.005%) diet. Curcumin significantly inhibited the tumorigenic effect of DMBA and TPA by decreasing tumor incidence by 50%, tumor multiplicity by 38% and tumor volume by 90%. In addition, the histological study showed that the curcumin and piperine diet attenuated epidermal changes caused by DMBA/TPA treatment such as hyperplasia, cellular atypia and hyperkeratosis. Our study demonstrated that oral co-administration of curcumin and piperine has a significant inhibitory effect on DMBA/TPA-induced cutaneous tumorigenesis. Piperine, by increasing the bioavailability of curcumin, improves its chemoprotective and chemo-preventive efficacy against tumor development.
Applied Knowledge of ‘Shrama’ (Fatigue) in Sushruta Samhita
Authors:   Ph.D. Scholar, PG Department of Dravyaguna Vigyana, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, Mahajon Bidhan , Murthy A. Rama ,   Assistant Professor, PG Department of Dravyaguna Vigyana, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Published: October 2021

Ayurveda is an antique conventional system of medicine of India. It has projected copious supposition and speculation for the contentment of society. The majority of these thought are in implied language. Contravention these implied languages is the technique of rationalization for discriminating the inner meaning of the subject. Present review was under taken to find out the concept of ‘shrama’ in ancient book of surgery, Sushruta Samhita. Review was made based on searching criteria ‘shrama’ in the transcript of Sushruta Samhita and discussion was made by analysing the concept of fatigue with contemporary science. Review find out there are total 28 references are available regarding ‘shrama’ in Sushruta Samhita. Among them in sutrasthana 11, nidanasthana 2, chikitsasthana 10 and in uttartantra 5 references are available. After analysing all these concept, present review depict that the concept of shrama explained by acharya Sushruta can be explained through the theory of fatigue, as per modern researcher. There is lots of scope for further scientific research on views of acharya Sushruta regarding theory of shrama.
A review of Solennostemma argel: Phytochemical, pharmacological activities and agricultural applications
Authors:   Agro-technology Department, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Traditional Medicine Research Institute (MAPTMRI), National Centre for Research (NCR), Khartoum- Sudan, Teia Farah Khameis Farag
Published: October 2021

The present review aims to outline the research on biological activities and phytochemical composition of Solennostemma argel Del. Hayenne reported in literature from 1980 to late 2017. The plant is indigenous to Africa, has a beneficial side in the folk medicine, and is used to treat many diseases including kidney, liver, stomach diseases, and some allergies in different places worldwide, particularly in African countries, Saudi Arabia, and Palestine. Substantial studies indicate that S. argel contains a variety of compounds and provides diverse bioactivities with no toxicity. This review paper focuses mainly on the herbal uses, phytochemicals, pharmacological activities, and agricultural applications, further study should be given to identify and evaluate the potential compounds of Argel plant that have biological activities in medicine and agriculture, which should be useful for further advance study and application.
Ayurvedic management of generalized anxiety disorder – A case report
Authors:   P.G Scholar, Department of Kayachikitsa, Amrita School of Ayurveda, Kollam, Kerala- 6090525, India, Pillai Chandni. C. , Chacko James ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Kayachikitsa, Amrita School of Ayurveda, Kollam, Kerala – 690525, India, Soman Devipriya ,   Associate Professor, Department of Kayachikitsa, Amrita School of Ayurveda, Kollam, Kerala – 690525, India, Kundagol Mahesh C ,   Associate Professor, Department of Kayachikitsa, Amrita School of Ayurveda, Kollam, Kerala- 6090525, India
Published: October 2021

Generalized Anxiety Disorder is a common and disabling disorder characterized by persistent worrying, anxiety symptoms and tension about a variety of everyday problems for a period of at least 6 months [1]. The symptoms of this disease shows resemblance with the Chittodwega (Excited state of mind) which is one among the Manovikara (disease of mind) explained by Acharya Charaka. The contemporary management of this disease employs anxiolytics to be used in long run which is not conducive to health. This a case of 57 year old gentleman who presented with persistent anxiety and inability to relax . Based on signs and symptoms he was diagnosed as a case of GAD according to the ICD 10 F41.1 criteria. Treatment planned was Nasya (nasal administration) and Abhyanga (massage) followed by Shamanaushadhis (internal medicines). Brahmi gritha (medicated ghee) is widely practised as Paana (internal administartion) but in this case we have used it for nasal administration as it is the easiest way of delivering the potency of a drug to brain. Assessment of the condition of the patient before and after the treatment was done using Hamilton’s Anxiety Rating Scale to evaluate efficacy of treatment. After the completion of schedule of one week of IP treatment and further 21 days of OP level administration of medicine, a significant reduction in score from 18 to 13 on Hamilton’s Anxiety Rating Scale and improvement in symptoms was observed.
Antioxidant activities and A549 lung adenocarcinomic cells against capacity from various extracts of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb
Authors:   Department of Tropical Agriculture and international Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, Ung Le Quang , Liang Lay Horng ,   Department of Plant Industry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, Chang Wu Ming ,   Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
Published: October 2021

Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb (AL) has received considerable attention as a herbal medicine for its applications in ethnopharmacology with heath benefits. This study aimed to investigate antioxidant activities and A549 growth inhibitory capacity from its root extract (RE) and aerial parts extract (AE). The 50% ethanol extracts were used for the tests. The total polyphenol content and the antioxidant effects comprising ABTS+ and DPPH free radical scavenging activities were evaluated. Phenolic compounds in the extracts were isolated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Lactate dehydrogenase released in medium was also evaluated. Total phenolic and flavonoid content, and in vitro antioxidant potential of the RE were higher (p<0.01) than that of the AE. Two individual phenolic compounds consisting of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and p-coumaric acid were firstly identified in both by HPLC. The RE exhibited higher A549 inhibitory capacity compared to the AE and activated the apoptotic proteins of bcl-2, bax, bad, caspase-3 and caspase-9 in A549. In conclusion, the AL extracts were more effective in antioxidant and A549 cells inhibitory capacity.
Derivation of regression equation for estimation of stature by using measurement of femur
Authors: Laishram Diana , Chandrasekaran Shanta , Shastri Deepti
Published: October 2021

Background: Reconstruction of stature from broken fragments of bones is used as a part of the analysis in forensic anthropology for the purpose of identification of an individual. Long bones are traditionally used for estimation of stature. Long bones such as femur and tibia are the most important components of an individual’s stature. In the present study, regression equation was derived for estimation of maximum femoral length from measurements of the proximal end of femur.
Aims and Objectives: To derive regression equations using femur length from measurements of neck-shaft angle and maximum vertical diameter of femur head.
Materials and Methods: Two hundred unpaired femurs, devoid of gross pathology and irrespective of gender obtained from the Department of Anatomy of both VMKVMC &VMHMC were used for this study. The correlation coefficients of the neck-shaft angle and maximum diameter of head of femur to the maximum length of femur was calculated. These co-efficient were used for formulation of regression equation.
Results: The present study was done to show that the maximum length of femur can be best calculated from the metric evaluation of vertical diameter of the head when the proximal fragments are available. The parameters in our study which includes maximum vertical diameter of the head showed positive correlation but the neck- shaft angle showed a low correlation and is not reliable to measure MFL from it.
Conclusion: The present study concludes that the maximum length of femur can be best calculated from the metric evaluation of vertical diameter of the head when the proximal fragments are available.
Indices in differentiating iron deficiency anemia from thalassemia trait- a comparative study
Authors: Ahmad Sufia , Zaidi Noorin , Mehdi Syed Riaz , Irfan Sumaiya , Ahmad Sharique
Published: October 2021

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and beta thalassemia trait (BTT) are the two most common and important causes of microcytic hypochromic anemia in India. It is very difficult to differentiate between the two. Many different types of techniques have been proposed for the same. While some are invasive like bone marrow examination others are not available at all centers, like electrophoresis. Hence different indices come into play.
Aims and Objective: This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of Shine and Lal index and Mentzer index in differentiating between IDA and BTT.
Materials and Methods: A total of 407 anemia cases were studied over a period of 18 months and their blood samples were subject to different hematological and biochemical assays to diagnose the type of anemia.
Results: Based on these tests 92.1% cases were found to be of IDA whereas 3.7% cases were found to be of BTT. Then both the indices were applied in the above mentioned cases.
Conclusion: While Shine and Lal index was found to have better sensitivity, Mentzer index was found to have better specificity.
Thyroid dysfunction in patients of metabolic syndrome: A study from a tertiary care center in India
Authors: Gupta Ritu , Vijayan Akhil K , Choudhary Sushma
Published: October 2021

Background: Metabolic syndrome is characterized by hypertension, dyslipidemia, central obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance. Thyroid hormone acts as general pacemaker, accelerating metabolic process and may be associated with metabolic syndrome. There is no information available in literature regarding the prevalence and association of thyroid dysfunction in metabolic syndrome in this central region of the country.
Aims and Objective: To estimate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in patients of metabolic syndrome.
Materials and Methods: It is a duration based prospective cross sectional study including 200 patients of metabolic syndrome. A detailed history, clinical examination and relevant investigations including serum Free T4 (FT4), Free T3 (FT3), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) were done. Range, frequencies, percentage, mean, standard deviation and P value were calculated. P value of < 0.05 was taken as significant.
Results: Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in metabolic syndrome patients was 28.5%. Prevalence of subclinical and overt hypothyroidism was 18.5% and 8.5% respectively. In patients with both metabolic syndrome and thyroid dysfunction, most common components associated are diabetes mellitus and hypertriglyceridemia.
Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction is significantly common in metabolic syndrome patients. It should be aggressively detected and treated in these patients for better outcome.
An application of the geometric distribution for assessing the risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 by location
Authors: Polymenis Athanase
Published: October 2021

Background: COVID-19 disease has quickly become a pandemic because of high infectiousness among populations. In order to assess for infectiousness reproduction numbers have been widely used in existing literature. A recent research has estimated reproduction numbers by location in order to account for differences among infectiousness.
Aims and Objective: The aim of the present work was to use reproduction numbers in order to obtain an estimate for the mean number of contacts of some patient up to the first transmission of the disease to some other person in a specific location. The objective is to help authorities collect even more information on disease transmission.
Materials and Methods: Our study was based on results obtained in a recent research work where replicated values of reproduction numbers have been generated in order to estimate medians and 95% confidence intervals for these numbers and thus assess infectiousness. We proposed a method that relies on a geometric distribution such that the parameter for this distribution is related to these reproduction numbers.
Results: Our method showed that large reproduction numbers were associated with small mean numbers of contacts up to first transmission of the disease whereas small reproduction numbers were associated with a large mean number of contacts up to first transmission of the disease for all the locations under investigation.
Conclusion: Our method has shown a nice performance and thus it can be considered as an alternative tool, by comparison with reproduction numbers, for assessing the risk of disease transmission, which is particularly useful when locations are investigated separately.
Ethno-Medicinal Uses of Plants in Putali Bazar Municipality of Syangja District, Nepal
Authors: Aryal Puspa , Thapa Chandra Bahadur
Published: October 2021

In the several rural areas of Nepal, due to lack of modern health facilities, people still rely on traditional medicine practice. This present research seeks to explore the information of medicinal plants used by the people of Putalibazar municipality of Syangja district. In total of 108 plants species belonging to 100 genera and 60 families were recorded as ethno medicinal plants of Putalibazar Municipality. In which dominant families were Poaceae, Fabaceae, Moraceae, Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, and Euphorbiaceae respectively with 7, 6, 5, 5 and 4 genera. On the basis of their habit, the plants species were climbers 7 spp. (6.48%), herbs 48 spp. (44.44%), shrubs 24 spp. (21. 82%) and trees 29 spp. (26. 85%). Some of the useful species are under the serious threat due to unsustainable activities. Hence, a proper documentation of useful plants with their present status and local traditional knowledge as well as practices is urgently needed. Effort should also be initiated to implement appropriate conservation measures for preservation and sustainable uses of these useful plants.
The Power of Voice: Using Audio Podcasts to Teach Vocal Performance and Digital Communication
Authors: Hill Amanda
Published: October 2021

Today’s students often speak through mediated technologies. Thus, understanding how
nonverbal cues impact meaning-making is key to understanding effective communication across mediums. This case study explores a group project where students created audio podcasts to teach others about a specific aspect of communication studies while considering the way sound and vocal performance affect the transference of the message. This article examines the use of audio podcasts as a vehicle for teaching university students about the power of paralinguistic and chronemic nonverbal behaviors.