bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Age Factor and its Role in the Readers’ Comprehension of Stylistic Heterogeneity: Evidence from Eye Movements and Default Responses
Authors: Kiose Maria I.
Published: May 2020

The article discusses the role of the age factor in the readers’ comprehension of stylistically heterogeneous texts, here the text fragments containing figurative noun groups of salient and non-salient character. The salience effects on eye movement and default responses are studied in the oculographic experiment where the secondary school children had to read the sentences displaying figurativeness. The earlier detected statistically significant corpus salience indices of referential, linguistic and discourse parameters in figurativeness construal get verified experimentally. In accordance with the Graded Salience and Defaultness hypotheses I assumed that the interpretation of figurative noun groups of varied referential, linguistic and discourse salience will require different cognitive effort in terms of both eye movement reactions and default inferences. Several eye-tracking experiments with adult participants sufficed to prove the dependency, however, the results obtained with children did not support the Salience hypothesis in the part of visual perception. The eye movements of children facing figurative noun groups did not show steady correlation patterns with the salience effects of these groups, whereas the default interpretations correlated strongly with referential, linguistic, and discourse salience. The results show evidence in favor of Mixed-Effects Model of interpretation
Basic Principles of Analysis of the Inner Determinant in Linguistic Systemology
Authors: Valentinova Olga I. , Rybakov Mikhail A.
Published: May 2020

The paper discusses the concept of the inner determinant of a language proposed by the founder of systemic linguistics G.P. Mel’nikov in continuation of W. von Humboldt’s idea of the inner form of language. The purpose of the research is to actualize one of the methods of systemic linguistics in the light of modern scientific paradigms. We examine the method of determinantal analysis of language systems and the notions which are closely related to it: morphological type of language, nominative and communicative angles of presenting a situation in a typical utterance, ways of organizing grammatical semantics in languages of various types. The research shows that G.P. Mel’nikov’s concept of inner determinants of languages allows to interpret the traditional morphological classification of languages as a system of types opposed according to their inner determinants in historically formed specific communicative conditions acting as external determinants of languages
THE PRINCIPLE OF GENDER EQUALITY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: DIMENSIONS AND THEIR CONTENT
Authors: Rionidze Kh.
Published: May 2020

The topicality of this issue is related to the fact that the EU is founded on a set of values, including equality. Nowadays the attitude towards women in the society is significantly different from that of men. Unfortunately, inequality does not decline over time. The basic idea of gender equality is to provide both women and men with the same rights, opportunities and conditions for full-fledged development. The article is devoted to the dimensions of the principle of gender equality in the European Union, which is important for Ukraine due to the conditions of European integration. The dimensions of gender equality cover the political, economic, civil, social and cultural spheres of our live activity, including achieving gender equality in employment, equal pay for equal work, gender balance in decision making, harmonization of professional and family life, education and «gender mainstreaming».

That is why research and analysis of gender equality's dimensions in the EU and defining the legal aspects of their regulation are relevant to the legal system of Ukraine. Over the past few decades, the EU has notably worked for equal treatment legislation, gender mainstreaming and specific measures for the advancement of women. Moreover, the EU has defined the following dimensions of gender equality: equal economic independence for women and men; equal pay for work of equal value; equality in decision-making; dignity, integrity and ending gender-based violence; and promoting gender equality beyond the EU.

The dimension of gender equality is a strategy for making women's as well as men's concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and programmes in all political, economic and social spheres, so that women and men benefit equally and the inequality is not perpetuated. Although the EU has achieved positive results in protecting human rights, the work is still continuing in this direction. The idea of gender equality is an integral part of equality as a general principle, development and peace in the world. Without this principle, it is impossible to establish

the basis for democracy, freedom, justice and tolerance. Recently, the principle of gender equality is getting paramount importance for Ukraine, as one of the conditions for successful European integration.
Reactive astrogliosis in rats with LPS-induced Parkinson's disease
Authors: Oliynyk Zh. , Senchylo N. , Dovbynchuk T. , Stepanenko S. , Guzik M.
Published: May 2020

The astrogliosis was considered as a beneficial process to protect neurons and repair the tissue after CNS insult for a long time. However, numerous study indicate that under some specific conditions, reactive astrocytes can exacerbate neuroinflammation and tissue damage. Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases that is a major medical and social problem. The progressive course of the disease requires continuous therapy, in the later stages it causes a disability of the patient, which entails the need for constant care and causes significant economic losses. The pathophysiological bases of CP remain unclear, making it impossible to diagnose the disease early, predict its course, and develop pathogenetic treatments. Neuroinflammation of polyetiological genesis, whose development involves micro- and astroglial cells, is considered to be a leading pathogenetic factor of CP. However, the functional state of astroglia in the conditions of development of this neuropathology remains the least studied. The aim of the study was to investigate the functional state of astroglia in rats with PD induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS-PD). It has been established that the development of LPS-PD in rats is accompanied by reactive astrogliosis with overexpression of glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP) and products of its degradation by astrocytes of the hippocampal region of the brain. Overexpression of GFAP is associated with an increase in the level of myelin basic protein (MBP) in brain homogenates and a decrease in the level of neuronal NO synthase.
The analysis of quantal characteristics of spontaneous evoked excitatory post synaptic potential sin long-term depression of glutamatergic neurotransmission between cultured hippocampal neurons
Authors: Chernyshenko K. , Kolesnyk O. , Veselovskiy N.
Published: May 2020

The results of electrophysiological studies of the quantal release features of glutamate in hippocampal neurons' synapses in long-term depression of synaptic transmission are presented.
To research the topic, weused the primary culture of the rat hippocampus. Using the patch-clamp technique, the frequencies and amplitudes of excitatory spontaneous postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) were determined, theirdistributions were analyzed and the basicquantal parameters were calculated.
Long-term depression of synaptic transmission was achieved by tetanic stimulation of the axon of the presynaptic cell for 5 minutes with a stimulation frequency of 5 Hz. Spontaneous current in depression was recorded 20-30 min after tetanic stimulation.
It has been shown that the amplitude of the EPSCs registered in hippocampal neurons decreased in the long-term depression of synaptic
transmission. It has been found that two neurotransmitter vesicles are usually released in the control at the same time and one during the long-term depression of synaptic transmission.It means that the probability of release decreased. In addition, the average quantalamplitude and quantum content decreased. It indicates the effect of presynaptic mechanisms in the expression of long-term depression of synaptic neurotransmission between hippocampal neurons in culture.In the conditions of long-term depression, no significant changes were found in the frequency of EPSCs.
The analysis of quantum parameters in long-term depression of glutamatergic synaptic transmission between neurons is important for the formation of more complete ideas about the mechanisms that play a fundamental role in the normal functioning of the CNS and the development of neural networks.
A Procedure for 3D Seismic Simulation from Rupture to Structures by Coupling SEM and FEM
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wang Jin-Ting , Xu Yan-Jie , He Chun-Hui , Zhang Chu-Han
Published: May 2020

This article aims at numerically simulating the 3D seismic wave propagation from rupture to structures. A two-step method coupling the spectral element method (SEM) and the finite-element method (FEM) is proposed based on the domain reduction method to simultaneously simulate the seismic wave propagation in large-scale regions and analyze the dynamic behavior of structures in local sites. First, the concept of the proposed two-step method is illustrated. In the first step, the seismic wave propagation of the entire area, involving the source, propagation media, and local region of interest, is simulated using the SEM. In the second step, the dynamic analysis of structure-foundation system with local geological and topographical conditions is implemented using the FEM in a fine mesh based on the results in the first step. Subsequently, the FEM grid size is evaluated to match the SEM results, and the proposed SEM–FEM procedure is verified using both point-source and finite-fault model in a layered flat model. Finally, two analysis examples are presented using the proposed procedure. The analysis results show that the proposed SEM–FEM procedure can well consider the effects of local geological and topographical conditions on synthesized ground motions and can be applied to the rupture-to-structure simulations in earthquake engineering.
Types and Areal Distribution of Ground Failure Associated with the 2019 Ridgecrest, California, Earthquake Sequence
Authors: Jibson Randall W.
Published: May 2020

The July 2019 Ridgecrest, California, earthquake sequence included the largest earthquake (M 7.1) to strike the conterminous United States in the past 20 yr. To characterize the types, numbers, and areal distributions of different types of ground failure (landslides, liquefaction, and ground cracking), I conducted a field investigation of ground failure triggered by the sequence around the periphery of the epicentral area (which had limited access). The earthquake sequence triggered sparse and widely scattered landslides over an area of ∼22,000  km2 and at a maximum epicentral distance of 114 km; these metrics are within the upper bounds as compared with global averages for earthquakes of similar size. Some rock falls blocked primary and secondary roads, but no other landslide damage was reported. Almost all of the landslides in the peripheral area were small rock falls (∼1–10  m3), but a few larger (∼100  m3) rock slides also occurred. Though there are only informal reports about ground failure in the immediate epicentral area and we lack a detailed survey there, the small number (hundreds) and size of the landslides still seems to be far below global averages for M 7.1. This could be a result of the arid landscape and lack of a deeply weathered zone of soil and regolith. Liquefaction occurred along part of the western margin of Searles Valley. One large (∼0.4  km2) lateral spread caused by liquefaction severely damaged parts of Trona. Minor liquefaction also occurred in a ∼100-m-wide band along the fault-rupture zone in some places.
Diyabetik Ratlarda Zakkum (Nerium oleander L.) Çiçeği Etanolik Liyofilize Ekstresinin Eritrosit Frajilite, Hematolojik ve Antioksidan Etkilerinin Araştırılması
Authors: DOĞAN Abdulahad
Published: May 2020

Bu çalışma streptozotosin (50 mg kg-1) ile Tip 1 diyabet oluşturulan ratlarda zakkum (N. oleander) çiçeğinden elde edilen etanolik liyofilize ekstresinin eritrosit frajilite, hematolojik parametreler, total antioksidan kapasite (TAS), total oksidan kapasite (TOS) ve oksidatif stress indeksi (OSI) üzerine olan etkilerine odaklandı. Toksisite testi sonrası, 49 rat 7 gruba ayrıldı. Kontrol, Nerium oleander (NO) (50 mg kg-1), Diabetes mellitus (DM), DM+Gly-3 (3 mg kg-1), DM+NO-25 (25 mg kg-1), DM+NO-75 (75 mg kg-1) ve DM+NO-225 (225 mg kg-1). 21 günlük uygulamadan sonra elde edilen bulgulara göre, DM grubunda eritrosit hemolizi (%0.2-0.6 NaCI konsantrasyonlarda) kontrol gruplarına göre önemli artış gösterirken (P<0.05); özellikle DM+NO-225 grubunda eritrosit hemolizi önemli oranda azaldı (P<0.05). Hematolojik parametreler, bazı gruplarda dalgalanmalar göstermesine rağmen, DM+Gly grubunda eritrosit (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB) ve hematokrit (HCT) düzeyleri diğer gruplara göre önemli artış gösterdi (P<0.05). Ayrıca, DM grubu lökosit (WBC), eritrosit dağılım genişliği (RDW) ve ortalama eritrosit hacmi (MCV) değerleri kontrol gruplarına göre önemli artış gösterirken, eritrosit ortalama hemoglobin konsantrasyonu (MCHC) ise önemli oranda azaldı (P<0.05). DM grubunda plazma TAS seviyesindeki azalma, ile TOS ve OSI değerindeki artış kontrol ve uygulama gruplarına göre önemli bulundu. N. oleander çiçek liyofilize ekstresinin STZ ile diyabet oluşturulan ratlarda diyabetin sebep olduğu artan hemolizi önleyici/azaltıcı etkilere ve antioksidan özelliklere sahip olabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Memorias del 2do Simposio en Fisiología Vegetal
Authors: León Antonio
Published: May 2020

Memorias del 2do Simposio en Fisiología Vegetal
Memorias del 4to Simposio en Fisiología Vegetal
Authors: León Antonio , Barriga Noelia
Published: May 2020

Memorias del 4to Simposio en Fisiología Vegetal
Memorias del primer Simposio de Genética y Genómica en el Ecuador
Authors: Caviedes Mario , Albán Gabriela
Published: May 2020

Memorias del primer Simposio de Genética y Genómica en el Ecuador
Educación en Competencias Financieras, Administrativas y de Marketing para la Comunidad
Authors: Abad Candy , Valencia Paola , Velez Marithza , Paredes Arturo
Published: May 2020

Educación en Competencias Financieras, Administrativas y de Marketing para la Comunidad
Calidad de vida de pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, participantes en un programa educativo integral
Authors: Bolívar Grimaldos Fabio , Cano Rosales Diana Jimena , Duran Sandoval Juan Nicolás , María José Albarracín Ruiz María José , Rincón Romero Katherine
Published: May 2020

ntroducción: La Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica (EPOC) es una enfermedad altamente prevalente que se caracteriza principalmente por la disnea, la cual genera un impacto sobre la calidad de vida del individuo. El programa de cuidado respiratorio integral ofrece una intervención esencialmente educativa, individualizada y multidisciplinaria enfocada en las necesidades del paciente y su familia, buscando mejorar la calidad de vida. Objetivo: Describir el efecto de un programa educativo de cuidado integral en la calidad de vida de pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal incluyendo pacientes con diagnóstico de EPOC en quienes se aplicó el cuestionario para medición de calidad de vida Saint George al ingreso y a los seis meses de estar vinculado al programa. Se realizaron pruebas estadísticas no paramétricas debido al comportamiento no gaussiano de las variables. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 31 pacientes con promedio de edad 82,7 años, 43,3% tenían antecedente de tabaquismo, de las variaciones en la encuesta Saint George se observó un cambio significativo en el dominio de actividad y en el puntaje global de la encuesta al ser aplicada a los seis meses de seguimiento. Conclusiones: La implementación del programa educativo integral parece apoyar la mejoría en la calidad de vida de los participantes con diagnóstico de EPOC. Futuros estudios prospectivos podrán validar esta hipótesis
Fracturas en niños: experiencia en un centro de alta complejidad del suroccidente Colombiano
Authors: Martínez-Cano Juan Pablo , Zamudio-Castilla Laura , Mantilla Julio César , Caicedo Diana Carolina , Vernaza Obando Daniel , Martínez Rondanelli Alfredo
Published: May 2020

Introducción: Es importante conocer las características demográficas y clínicas de las fracturas en niños para mejorar las estrategias de prevención y tratamiento en estos pacientes. Objetivos: Describir las fracturas en niños y sus características epidemiológicas. Metodología: Estudio tipo corte transversal desde enero 2014 hasta diciembre 2017. Pacientes menores de 18 años que consultaron por fracturas a una clínica en Colombia fueron incluidos. Se incluyeron datos demográficos, lugar donde ocurrió el trauma, huesos fracturados y tipo de tratamiento. Se evaluó la distribución por género y grupo etario. La fuente de información fue la historia clínica. Se utilizaron medidas de tendencia central y dispersión para agrupar los datos. Se calculó la incidencia de fracturas por cada 1000 niños/año. Este estudio recibió aval del comité de ética de la institución. Resultados: Hubo 2436 niños fracturados, 65.6% (n=1597) ocurrieron en hombres. La mayoría fueron entre 6-11 años (40.7%, n=991), luego entre 12-17 años (36.4%, n=887) y finalmente, menores de 6 años (22.9%, n=558). La localización de la fractura más frecuente entre 0-5 años fue el húmero (30.6%, n=171), seguido por el radio (29%, n=162) y la clavícula (15.9%, n=89); entre 6-11 años fue el radio (45.2%, n=448), seguido por el húmero (18%, n=178) y el cúbito (16.6%, n=165); y entre 12-17 años fue el radio (34.6%, n=307), seguido por los huesos de la mano (22.7%, n=201) y los huesos del pie (10.8%, n=96). Requirieron manejo quirúrgico 30.9% de los niños fracturados (n=752). La incidencia de fracturas fue de 29.7/1000 niños por año. Conclusión: Las fracturas en niños se presentan con mayor frecuencia en el género masculino. Los huesos fracturados varían dependiendo del grupo etario, con un porcentaje importante del radio en todos los grupos. La mayoría se manejan de forma conservadora
Asociación entre la razón Tg/HDL y la Enfermedad Renal Crónica en una cohorte colombiana
Authors: Carolina Becerra-Arias Carolina , Vera-Cala Lina M , Fernández-Niño Julián A
Published: May 2020

Introducción: La Enfermedad Renal Crónica (ERC) supone un fuerte impacto en la salud pública mundial. Esto es debido al elevado riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular que presentan quienes la padecen. La razón triglicéridos/lipoproteína de alta densidad se ha asociado con el desarrollo y progresión de la enfermedad renal. Objetivo:Estimar la asociación entre la razón triglicéridos/lipoproteína de alta densidad y la incidencia de enfermedad renal en una cohorte colombiana. Metodología: Estudio de cohorte prospectiva del seguimiento de INEFAC 2007-2017, con 1626 participantes. Para determinar la exposición principal se tomó como punto de corte >3,75 en la razón. Los casos se definieron con una tasa de filtración glomerular estimada <60ml/min/1,73m2 o con diagnóstico médicoprevio. Se ajustaron modelos de regresión lineal y log-binomial para los cambios en la tasa estimada y la incidencia de enfermedad renal crónica. Como covariables: edad, sexo, raza, alcohol, cigarrillo, circunferencia de cintura y actividad física. Resultados: La incidencia de enfermedad renal fue de 0,4% (IC 95% 0,1-0,8), el promedio de la tasa estimada de 94,3 ml/min/1,73m2. La asociación entre la razón triglicéridos/lipoproteína de alta densidad y la enfermedad renal crónica no fue estadísticamente significativa en el modelo crudo (RR= 2,3; IC 95%: 0,5-9,4) ni en el ajustado por confusores (RR= 1,1; IC 95%: 0,2–5,6). Conclusión: A partir del modelo múltiple no fue posible determinar la asociación, probablemente porque ésta no existe en la población estudiada o porque se requiere una alta muestra debido al bajo número de eventos encontrados.
Abordaje del recién nacido con alteraciones del desarrollo sexual
Authors: Acosta-Rodríguez Ariana Liseth , Mendoza-Rojas Víctor Clemente
Published: May 2020

Introducción: Las alteraciones del desarrollo sexual en el recién nacido no es una condición infrecuente durante la práctica médica pero sí resulta ser un reto tanto en el abordaje diagnostico como en el terapéutico. Se definen como el conjunto de condiciones en donde el desarrollo del sexo cromosómico, gonadal o anatómico es atípico. Objetivos: Realizar un abordaje integral de las alteraciones del desarrollo sexual y reconocer la importancia de los equipos transdisciplinarios para el manejo de esta patología. Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura con las palabras clave Disorders of sex development, Ovotesticular disorders of sex development, True Hermaphroditism, Gonadal dysgenesis, Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital en cinco bases de datos bibliográficas, se limitó la búsqueda para artículos en idioma español o inglés de los últimos 10 años. Resultados: Se obtuvieron110 artículos de los cuales 36 fueron incluidos en esta revisión, los artículos revisados eran artículos originales, presentación de casos, consensos y artículos de revisión. Conclusiones: La sensibilización al personal de salud sobre esta condición es fundamental para realizar un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno, con el objetivo de evitar complicaciones en la salud del recién nacido. La asignación del sexo es uno de los problemas más relevantes para el manejo de esta patología; esta decisión deberá ser tomada por el equipo transdisciplinario de especialistas con experiencia en el tema en donde se realice una evaluación detallada e individual de cada caso
Circulación de información sobre medicamentos y otras sustancias para aumentar el rendimiento cognitivo: un estudio de un blog brasileño (2015-2017)
Authors: De Castro Bruno Pereira , Brandão Elaine Reis
Published: May 2020

Al observar los procesos de (bio)medicalización y farmacologización de la sociedad, este artículo aborda los medicamentos que han sido utilizados por individuos sanos para aumentar sus dimensiones cognitivas, como el estado de alerta, la memoria y la concentración. Las llamadas “drogas inteligentes” o “drogas nootrópicas” se han extendido entre los jóvenes a través de Internet. La circulación de información sobre tales drogas se analiza desde un blog brasileño llamado Cérebro Turbinado, sobre el que se realizó una investigación documental basada en el material publicado en el blog entre 2015 y 2017, de acceso público. La investigación adopta marcos teóricos y metodológicos de las ciencias sociales, junto a una perspectiva antropológica. Los resultados muestran que el blog actúa como un medio para la difusión del conocimiento biomédico entre el público lego y muestra la producción de nuevas formas de subjetividad al revelar los significados que se atribuyen a tales sustancias en los procesos de socialización.
The comparison of changes in hearing thresholds and insertion losses due to occlusion induced by ear impression in sound field assessment
Authors: Hosseini Seyyed Hossein , Rahbar Nariman , Sameni Seyyed Jalal
Published: May 2020

Background and Aim: The methods of deter­mining the amount of sound attenuation by ear mold, earplug or any other foreign body that placed in or out of the ear canal, is divided in subjective and objective. Due to the contradic­tory results in the studies in this field, this study aimed to use more audiometric frequencies con­sidering the strengths and weaknesses of previ­ous studies.
Methods: This study was conducted on 30 indi­viduals with normal hearing in the age range of 21-26-year-old. First the impression mold was prepared from both ears. The evaluating real ear unaided response and the real ear occluded res­ponse. In the next step, hearing thresholds were assessed by sound field with a precision of 1 dB, once in both open ear and once in both clo­sed ears. Finally, the insertion loss due to mold placement at each frequency was compared with the amount of behavioral threshold changes at the same frequency.
Results: By using paired t-test at frequencies of 400, 500, 800, 1000, 1500, 1600, 2000, 2500, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 6300 and 8000 Hz, the difference in behavioral hearing thresholds with
and without molding was greater than the amo­unt of the insertion loss (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: The insertion loss due to impre­ssion for behavioral assessment at all of the tes­ted frequencies were more than the attenuation in real ear evaluation (p < 0.001). In this regard, consequently the standard deviation of insertion loss due to impression in behavioral threshold condition was more than real ear measurement.
Keywords: Sound field assessment; insertion loss; real ear occluded response; ear impression; probe microphone measurement; real ear measurement
A preliminary study on the reliability of the Persian version of the tinnitus functional index in a military population
Authors: Mahdavi Mohammad Ebrahim , Heydarpour Meymeh Maryam , Nazeri Ahmadreza , Jalilvand Hamid , Heidari Fatemeh , Fathollahzadeh Farnaz
Published: May 2020

Background and Aim: Tinnitus functional index (TFI) has been introduced as a standard self-assessment questionnaire for the evaluation of tinnitus severity and its negative consequences with enough sensitivity to detect the outcomes of treatment. The purpose of this study was to translate the original tinnitus functional index into Persian and to evaluate its reliability in a military population.
Methods: The translation was performed in accordance with the Principles of Good Practice for the Translation and Cultural Adaptation Pro­cess for Patient-Reported Outcomes Measures. 32 military and veteran men with tinnitus aged 22−74 years participated in the current study. The participants completed the Persian version of the TFI and the second re-evaluation session was conducted over the telephone 10−14 days later. Both relative and absolute reliability indices were computed.
Results: Intraclass correlation coefficient(2,1) with consistency definition for the TFI subscales varied from good to excellent. The agreement between the TFI total scores in the evaluation and re-evaluation using Bland-Altman analysis was acceptable and only one case was not located within the limits of agreement.
Conclusion: Initial evaluation of the Persian version of TFI shows acceptable results in terms of reliability. The evaluation of the Persian TFI in different populations of patients with tinnitus and its validity would facilitate its clinical appli­cation.
Keywords: Tinnitus; questionnaire; Persian
The Healthy Eating Index 2005 among 13-17 Year-Old Students in Iran
Authors: Yaghoobloo Khadijeh , Azadbakhat Leila , Nourian Mojgan , Mahaki Behzad
Published: May 2020

Background: Quality of diet is one of the most important factors in maintaining and improving the children's health; whereas, the quality of children's diet has not been studied in Isfahan City of Iran. This study was conducted to assess the adequacy of diet using healthy eating index (HEI)-2005 among 13-17 year-old students in Isfahan during 2014.
Methods: The empirical data on dietary intakes were collected after three-days of food record. Later, a valid and reliable standard questionnaire was administered to measure the participants' physical activities. The participants' dietary intakes, daily energy, and nutrients were recorded by four researchers and were analyzed using SPSS 22by running ANOVA and Tukey tests.
Results: The mean score of HEI in adolescents was 67.72. The correlation of calorie intake and mother's career with the HEI score was statistically significant (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Adults taking care of adolescents are recommended to improve the quality of diet among teenagers. They should also apply  relevant methods to correct the adolescents' nutritional habits.
Isolation of Beta-Lactamase Producing Genes (SHV, CTX-M1, CTX-M2, CTX-M3) in Escherichia coli Isolated from Pregnant Woman Patients
Authors: Rezaie Kahkhaie Kolsoum , Rezaie Kehkhaie Ashrafali , Rezaie Kahkhaie Leili , Koochakzai Maryam , Rezaie Keikhaie Khadijeh , Nakhaee Moghaddam Maryam
Published: May 2020

Background: In recent decades, extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) generating bacteria have increased universally. Among the most important causative agents of nosocomial infections throughout the world, Escherichia coli as main ESBL-producing bacteria are so highly regarded. Trends in the treatment of infections by such bacteria have led to a global concern.
 
Methods: All strains were cultured and identified by the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory and were recovered from blood and urine cultures. In-vitro presence of ESBL was confirmed with Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute double disc and PCR for CTX-M1, CTM-M2, CTX-M3 method.
 
Results: The results of this study showed that Escherichia coli samples were resistant to AN (42.85%), GM (28.57%), AM (35.71%), AMC (35.71%), CZ (35.71%), and AZM (50%) antibiotics. While the most susceptible to antibiotic was ampicillin (64.28%), the least resistance to antibiotics was gentamicin.
 
Conclusion: The current situation of multiple bacterial antibiotic resistance has become a worrisome issue in UTI. Multi-drug-resistant E. coli can be readily encountered in hospital settings during daily clinical practice, and urologist should act timely. The management of such infections is extremely important for the future, with particular reference to prevention of new antibiotic resistance patterns.
Association between IRF6 rs642961 Polymorphism and Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip with or without Cleft Palate Risk in an Iranian Population
Authors: Niktabar Seyed Mohammadreza , Amooee Abdolhamid , Piroozmand Parisa , Farahnak Soudabeh , Foroughi Elnaz , Nasiri Rezvan , Latifi Seyed Mojtaba , Neamatzadeh Hossein
Published: May 2020

Background: The extent of the contribution of rs642961 polymorphism of interferon regulatory factor-6 (IRF6) gene with susceptibility to the syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) in the Iranian patients is still unknown. Thus, to test the role of IRF6 in NSCL/P susceptibility in an Iranian population, we performed a population based case-control stud.
 
Methods: One-hundred ten patients with NSCL/P and 110 matched healthy subjects were recruited to this population-based study. The IRF6 rs642961 polymorphism was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay.
 
Results: Participants did not differ significantly by age and gender(P > 0.05). The AA, AG, and GG genotypes frequencies of the IRF6 rs642961 polymorphism in the NSCL/P cases were 27.3%, 53.6% and 19.1%, respectively while the corresponding frequencies in the healthy subjects were 34.5, 56.4% and 9.1%, respectively. There was a significant association between homozygote mutant genotype (GG) of IRF6 rs642961 polymorphism and increased risk of NSCL/P (OR = 2.360, 95% CI 1.055-5.280, P = 0.037).
 
Conclusion: the current study suggested that IRF6 rs642961 polymorphism might be associated with susceptibility to NSCL/P in an Iranian population. However, well-designed epidemiological studies with larger sample size are needed to further validate our results.
Genetic Disorders in the Fetus from Diagnosis to Treatment
Authors: Rabaninia Tayebeh , Amjadi Nooshin
Published: May 2020

Background: Today there are many diseases that genetics contributes to these, including diabetes, hypertension, cancer, heart disease, various types of cancers and even mental illness, and by the advancement of medical knowledge The number of genetic diseases is increasing now. most people think about genetic diseases as inherited diseases, which are mostly caused by gene mutations and other genetically inherited factors. Most of the genetic disorders currently do not have 100% treatment, and the only way is to preventing the prevalence of them before marriage.
 
Methods: Eligible articles were identified by search of databases including NCBI, PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge and Google scholar up to July 2017.
 
Results: In the field of prevention of disability and genetic disorders, many members who are at risk of genetic disease should have genetic counseling to get useful information about it. Without genetic counseling, genetic testing is meaningless, as people do not go to the laboratory without a doctor's visit; Genetic counselors won’t be able to stop people from getting married, but they provide solutions to prevent them from possible disorders.
 
Conclusions: This study provides information on genetic diseases and prevents them in newborns and suggests new solutions for the treatment of these diseases.
A Girl with Farber Disease Treated with Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Ali Mirhosseini Naser , Farasat Elham , Sheikhpour Elnaz
Published: May 2020

Background: Farber disease is a very rare autosomal recessive disease of lipid metabolism caused by deficient activity of lysosomal acid ceramidase. Symptoms can begin in the first year of life by a triad of painful and swollen joints and subcutaneous nodules, progressive hoarseness and variable central nervous system involvement.
 
Case Report: A 5 months old girl with subcutaneous nodules in limbs, pain and swelling in her fingers, Knees, elbow and hoarseness was referred to our clinic. She had neurodevelopment delay in walking and talking. Genetic analysis was reported homozygosity for a c.830C>A mutation in exon 11 of N-Acylsphingosine Amidohydrolase 1 (ASAH1) gene. She diagnosed with Farber disease and treated with bone marrow transplantation. After that her signs and symptoms were improved and she could to walk.
 
Conclusion: Farber disease is associated with characteristics including swollen joints, subcutaneous nodules, progressive hoarseness and variable CNS involvement. Moreover, bone marrow transplantation improved these symptoms.
XENOPHOBIA AND CITIZENSHIP IN MEG VANDERMERWE’S ZEBRA CROSSING
Authors: Mohammed Abdullah Mustafa , Kaur Hardev , Baizura Bt Bahar Ida , Mani Manimangai
Published: May 2020

Purpose of the study: In the past two decades several researchers have explored the concern of xenophobia in South African fiction. Studies sought to determine the reasons behind the prevalence of xenophobic violence in South Africa. Previous research on xenophobia claims that xenophobic violence is prevalent in the state is, in fact, due to economic and social reasons only. Yet, this article aims to correct the misconception of the Rainbow Nation that South Africa was supposed to have been achieved after 1994.

Methodology: The text Zebra Crossing (2013) by the South African novelist Meg Vandermerwe is under the focus. The concept of Michael Neocosmos of Citizenship from the postcolonial theory is applied to the selected text. A close reading of the text and qualitative research is the method of my analysis. The article will focus on the acts of violence reflected in the text in an attempt to find the reasons behind such acts. Neocosmos' valid conceptualization about the outbreaks of xenophobia in South Africa in the post-apartheid is applied to the selected text.

Main Findings: the article will conclude that the notion of the rainbow nation in South Africa is no more than a dream due to the outbreaks of xenophobia and the ongoing violence against foreigners. It will also prove that the continuous xenophobic violence in South Africa is not because of social or economic reasons only yet, there is a political discourse that engenders and triggers the natives to be more xenophobic. Thus, the state politics of exclusion, indigeneity, and citizenship are the stimuli for citizens to be more aggressive and violent against foreigners.

Applications of this study: the study will add new insight to the domain of English literature generally and the South African literature specifically. The study will be valuable in immigration literature as it deals with the plights of migrants in South Africa and their suffering from xenophobic violence. The study is located in the postcolonial approach.

Novelty/Originality of this study: the study offers new insight towards xenophobia in South Africa. The concept applied in the study has not been explored so far in the selected text. Previous research claimed that xenophobia in South Africa is due to economic and social reasons but did not focus on the legacies of postcolonialism nor the new political system. The study is original and new as it discusses an ongoing and worldwide phenomenon utilizing a new concept.
THE APPROACH OF MANAGERS REGARDING INNOVATIVE WORK BEHAVIOUR
Authors: Fithriany Rahmah Yulia , Sandi Marta M , Anton Athoillah Mohamad , Farid Diana
Published: May 2020

Purpose of the study: Although many factors can influence innovative work behaviour, we may not know exactly which practices make a difference in influencing innovative work behaviour. This study aims to determine which positive and negative factors can affect the IWB theory understanding. Methodology: This study used a qualitative approach by a systematic review of the literature, the authors conducted a content analysis of 32 international journals. Main Findings: The analysis results gave evidence that transformational leadership, knowledge sharing, and organizational learning were positive factors in creating innovative work behaviour. Meanwhile, organizational politics, job insecurity, and transactional leadership were negative factors that could decrease innovative work behaviour. Applications of this study: The results of this study provide practical information for professional leaders and managers to develop employees’ innovative work behaviour that might help build an innovative environment. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study has a difference in terms of study approaches by looking at positive and negative factors that could affect innovative work behaviour in a literature review technique.
Dyeing Polyester, Cotton and Wool with Some Schiff Bases Derived from 4-chloroaminophenol and Various Benzaldehydes
Authors: GÜRBÜZ Demet
Published: May 2020

Dyeability of ten Schiff bases obtained from 4-chloroaminophenol and various benzaldehydes including methyl, chloro, bromo, nitro, methoxy and hydroxy groups was investigated on polyester, wool, and cotton fibers. The dry/wet rubbing and washing fastness of the compounds were measured. It is observed that the rubbing and washing fastness values are varying at the 4 – 5 range (1: weak, 5: excellent). The lightness (L), red-greenness (a) and yellow-blueness (b) properties of the compounds were also investigated. It was observed that dyeing properties of the compounds change depending on the substituent positions and the substituent effect is observed on wool mostly. Especially, 3- and 5-methyl derivatives (VIII and IX) exhibit similar behavior toward polyester and cotton while they behave differently on wool in point of the L, a and b values. On the other hand, it can be claimed that chlorine substituent increases the L value on wool.
Salvar la vida de las mujeres: aprovechando oportunidades perdidas
Authors: Gómez Sánchez Pío Iván
Published: May 2020

Traducción de Conferencia dictada por el Dr. Pío Iván Gómez en: Population Council conference on Post-Abortion Care Programs in Latin America. Junio 2001 en Ciudad de Guatemala.Cuando revisamos las cifras de morbimortalidad materna asociadas a la mala calidad de atención en los servicios clínicos o secundarias al aborto inseguro, nos vienen a la mente palabras como: impotencia, inequidad, negligencia, tragedia, injusticia social y es cuando más cobran vigencia las palabras del profesor Mahmoud Fathalla:" Las mujeres no están muriendo por causas que no podemos evitar…están muriendo debido a que la sociedad considera que sus vidas no valen el precio de salvarlas."
Los nuevos anticonceptivos orales combinados de ultra baja dosis
Authors: Monterrosa Castro Álvaro
Published: May 2020

Desde la introducción y uso masivo a nivel mundial de la píldora en la década de los sesenta, se ha generado un cumulo creciente de información relacionada con sus beneficios, sus efectos adversos y sus riesgos.Producto de ese conocimiento se ha venido realizando una continua disminución en la concentración del estrógeno, lo que ha generado el establecimiento de una clasificación según la concentración del etinil estradiol. Tenemos entonces las macrodosis, microdosis, muy baja dosis y ahora ultra baja dosis. A su vez los gestágenos por su propiedad androgénica intrínseca producen alteraciones lipídicas y vasculares, por lo cual los más antiguos compuestos han dado paso a nuevas moléculas más neutras.Esas dos estrategias en el manejo del estrógeno y el gestágeno, han permitido disminuir los riesgos cardiovasculares y en especial los tromboembólicos. Como se debe a la vez mantener la eficacia anticonceptiva, se han postulado y utilizan diversos regímenes como los trifásicos.La nueva píldora de ultra baja dosis, aporta la menor cantidad hormonal a la fecha. La combinación 15 ug de etinil estradiol más 60 ug de gestodeno, es la primera disponible, posee una mayor tasa de amenorrea, hipomenorrea y de sangrado intermenstrual que píldoras de mayor concentración hormonal, y debe administrarse en el régimen novedoso de 24 días y 4 días libre de la píldora.
Infección perinatal por listeria: reporte de un caso
Authors: Sánchez C. Edgar , Castillo Alicia , Ortega Claudia
Published: May 2020

La listeriosis es un enfermedad bacteriana poco frecuente con una susceptibilidad mayor por mujeres embarazadas y especialmente por la unidad feto-placentaria. A continuación presentamos un caso ocurrido en el Hospital Central de la Policía, en que se logró confirmar el diagnóstico. Se reviso el tema y se estableció la diferencia en lo que respecta al manejo de este y otro tipo de corioamnionitis.
Aplicaciones en ginecología de los antagonistas de lh-rh
Authors: Madero José Ignacio , Guerra Óscar Eduardo , Barbosa Gabriel , Morán Carlos , Gaitán Pilar , Ávila Mabel , Ruiz Jesús Alberto
Published: May 2020

Las modificaciones a la LH-RH nativa produjeron la aparición de los análogos: agonistas cuyas aplicaciones en la medicina reproductiva han sido ampliamente estudiadas y los antagonistas de reciente estudio y aparición. Existen ciertas situaciones clínicas en las cuales lo que se necesita es una rápida supresión de la producción de las gonadotropinas endógenas, y por el efecto estimulador inicial del análogo no se logra. Los antagonistas causan una supresión inmediata de la producción de FSH y LH por un bloqueo competitivo de los receptores lo cual hace que su uso sea óptimo en los casos de inducción de ovulación mas técnicas de reproducción asistida. Otras de la indicaciones potenciales serían los casos en los que se requiere una supresión de la producción endógena de esteroides sexuales como el caso de la hiperplasia benigna de próstata, el cáncer de próstata y el cáncer de ovario, en los cuales ha demostrado una promisoria utilidad.
Manejo de masas anexiales benignas por laparoscopia: experiencia en la unidad de endoscopia ginecológica del Hospital Infantil Universitario Lorencita Villegas de Santos (1995-1999)
Authors: Rueda Beltz Camilo , Arbeláez Casas Felipe , Ruiz Sternberg Ángela María
Published: May 2020

Introducción: La información que en la actualidad muestra la literatura mundial, acerca del manejo de las masas anexiales benignas por vía laparoscópica, al compararla con la laparotomía, resalta las bondades de la laparoscopia en importantes aspectos como son el costo, la estancia hospitalaria y el tiempo de convalecencia.Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, bidireccional , serie de casos con 120 pacientes que fueron llevadas a laparoscopia operatoria, por sospecha diagnóstica de masa anexial benigna, en la Unidad de Endoscopia Ginecológica del Hospital Infantil Universitario Lorencita Villegas de Santos, durante el período comprendido entre noviembre de 1995 y marzo de 1999. Se analizaron tanto variables clínicas como paraclínicas y se correlacionaron con el resultado de histopatología. Los datos fueron procesados mediante Excel versión 7.0, obteniendo los porcentajes y la desviación estándar en cada una de las variables numéricas analizadas.Resultados: El principal motivo de consulta fue el dolor pélvico crónico presentado en 68,33%. Dentro del grupo de pacientes estudiadas no se presentó ningún caso de malignidad y el tipo histológico más frecuente correspondió al quiste de paraovario en 30,8%. El rango de tamaño de las masas por ultrasonografía estuvo entre 4,73 cm +/- 1,37 y 5,47 +/- 1,29. El resultado del Ca 125 fue anormal en el 40% de los endometriomas, en el 12,5% de los teratomas quísticos maduros y en el 22,2% del grupo clasificado como "otros". No se registraron complicaciones intraoperatorias ni postoperatorias.Discusión: En este estudio, la adecuada evaluación prequirúrgica e intraoperatoria de las masas anexiales, permitió en todos los casos llevar estas a cirugía con una alta presunción de benignidad, resultado que se corroboró en la patología definitiva. La laparoscopia es una vía segura para abordar las masas anexiales sugestivas de benignidad y se puede considerar como una alternativa respecto a la laparotomía.
Uniting Continuity and Rupture
Authors: Marlatte Nicholas
Published: May 2020

A review of Josh Moufawad-Paul's recent book, Continuity and Rupture. Through which I present the poltical salience of this piece as a means of clarifying the terrain of revolutionary politics in terms of the reimergence of proletarian politics, the development of opportunistic critiques of Leninism and Maoism, and the necessity to reassert a scientific understanding of revolution.
Impact of speed reading training on reading speeds and comprehension skills of secondary school students
Authors: Durukan Erhan
Published: May 2020

The aim of this research is to study the impact of speed reading training on reading speeds and comprehension skills of secondary school students. The research has been conducted on 40 students receiving education at the level of secondary school 8th grade in Trabzon province. Experimental pattern with single group pretestâ€“posttest was applied in the study. First of all, reading speeds and comprehension levels of the students were determined during the research, and then 20 hours of speed reading training was provided to the students every other day for 5 days. Before applying the last test after the training, 2 weeks of time was given to the students in order to repeat the exercises. Reading speed and comprehension levels of the students were detected with two separate texts and reading comprehension questions related to these texts at the start and finish of the process. Data were analysed with dependent/independent groups t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient on SPSS 20.

Keywords: Comprehension level, reading speed, reading training, secondary school.
Availability of virtual museum applications in courses based on the views of classroom teachers
Authors: Eguz Sule
Published: May 2020

Virtual museum applications allowed individuals to access the museums that are located in distant areas and those who could not visit due to various reasons independent of time and space. The aim of this study was to determine the utilisation of virtual museum applications in life science courses based on the views of classroom teachers and the contribution of the applications to the students. This study was designed as a qualitative research based on the phenomenology method. The study data were collected using an interview form, developed by the author, in March 2019 during the 2018â€“2019 academic year spring semester. The study findings demonstrated that classroom teachers considered virtual museum applications important in life science courses; however, they also stated that not all curriculum topics were suitable for the virtual museum application, and the application was most frequently used in the second grade elementary school.

Keywords: Classroom teacher, life science, virtual museum.