GROUND OF WAYS OF OVERCOMING OF EUTROPHICATION OF RESERVOIRS
Authors:   Donetsk National Technical University, Tavrel Maryna 
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Increasingly, due to excessive growth of nutrients and decomposition of plants and animals in the reservoir, low turbulence, increased temperature, and due to this decrease in the solubility of oxygen in water, leads to eutrophication and as a consequence – “blooming” of the reservoir. It is the signal of trouble in a hydrosphere that needs immediate permission. Problem Statement. For today processes and conformities to law of growing speed of distribution of eutrophication of reservoirs, is studied not enough and there is not the only setting, the structural parameters of that will be able to provide optimal terms that will assist breeding of industrial fish, both in summer and in a winter period of year, and thus it is the issue of the day of present time. Purpose. Exposure on the basis of analysis of existing for today methods and facilities of prevention of excessive increase of reservoirs by cyanobacterias, to execute the review of methods airing of reservoir, that answer the requirements of seasonal temperature condition, the capable normalized necessary concentration of oxygen, as in a summer period of year so in winter. Id est creation of such terms an eutrophication will not develop at that. Materials and methods. Methods of analysis of literature sources, laboratory studies of the effect of nutrient concentration in water on the development of algae, microscopic control of the number of cyanobacteria in experimental vessels, chemical analysis of the presence of dissolved oxygen in water were used. Water samples from the Pokrovsk pond were selected as research material. Results. Excessive growth of cyanobacteria is observed at a water temperature of 15 ° C. And when exposed to elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus, the growth rate increases several times, as evidenced by a number of laboratory experiments. The results of the experiment showed that even a small concentration of fertilizers in the pond can lead to rapid flowering of algae, to a critical decrease in oxygen concentration, which in turn will lead to the death of fish and other aquatic organisms. The general analysis of modern methods and methods of combating eutrophication allowed us to identify their main advantages and defects. Different methods of preventing and combating eutrophication have their advantages, but they mainly have a unidirectional effect, low efficiency, some use toxic reagents that are unacceptable in fisheries. Conclusions. A review of recent studies on the occurrence of eutrophication of water bodies and as a result – harmful algal blooms, investigated the main environmental factors that mediate the expansion of cyanobacterial blooms. At present, there is no single way or means to combat eutrophication processes that can completely clean the reservoir, but their use in the complex can be effective. Of particular interest is the deep aeration, which can be used both in the warm season and in winter. Eutrophication today is mainly a consequence of human activity, and which requires mainly a comprehensive solution. It includes both preventive and regulatory methods. Promising is the use of aeration, the result of which is achieved in the fight against “blooming” of the reservoir by cyanobacteria, including those that produce toxins, both in the warm season and cold, preventing the formation of ice crusts. Keywords: cyanobacteria, algae, eutrophication, aeration, oxygen saturation, conditioning.