bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LOSS OF EXTRACTION CAPACITY OF MEHLICH-1 AND MONOCALCIUM PHOSPHATE AS A VARIABLE OF REMAINING P AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO CRITICAL LEVELS OF SOIL PHOSPHORUS AND SULFUR
Authors: Novais Sarah Vieira , Mattiello Edson Marcio , Vergutz Leonardus , Melo Leônidas Carrijo Azevedo , Freitas Írio Fernando de , Novais Roberto Ferreira
Published: September 2015

The Mehlich-1 (M-1) extractant and Monocalcium Phosphate in acetic acid (MCPa) have mechanisms for extraction of available P and S in acidity and in ligand exchange, whether of the sulfate of the extractant by the phosphate of the soil, or of the phosphate of the extractant by the sulfate of the soil. In clayey soils, with greater P adsorption capacity, or lower remaining P (Rem-P) value, which corresponds to soils with greater Phosphate Buffer Capacity (PBC), more buffered for acidity, the initially low pH of the extractants increases over their time of contact with the soil in the direction of the pH of the soil; and the sulfate of the M-1 or the phosphate of the MCPa is adsorbed by adsorption sites occupied by these anions or not. This situation makes the extractant lose its extraction capacity, a phenomenon known as loss of extraction capacity or consumption of the extractant, the object of this study. Twenty soil samples were chosen so as to cover the range of Rem-P (0 to 60 mg L-1). Rem-P was used as a measure of the PBC. The P and S contents available from the soil samples through M-1 and MCPa, and the contents of other nutrients and of organic matter were determined. For determination of loss of extraction capacity, after the rest period, the pH and the P and S contents were measured in both the extracts-soils. Although significant, the loss of extraction capacity of the acidity of the M-1 and MCPa extractants with reduction in the Rem-P value did not have a very expressive effect. A “linear plateau” model was observed for the M-1 for discontinuous loss of extraction capacity of the P content in accordance with reduction in the concentration of the Rem-P or increase in the PBC, suggesting that a discontinuous model should also be adopted for interpretation of available P of soils with different Rem-P values. In contrast, a continuous linear response was observed between the P variables in the extract-soil and Rem-P for the MCPa extractor, which shows increasing loss of extraction capacity of this extractor with an increase in the PBC of the soil, indicating the validity of the linear relationship between the available S of the soil and the PBC, estimated by Rem-P, as currently adopted.
TAXAS DE RECUPERAÇÃO DE BORO POR EXTRATORES EM SOLOS DA BAHIA E DE MINAS GERAIS, NA PRESENÇA E AUSÊNCIA DE CALAGEM
Authors: Santos Neto José Augusto dos , Fontes Renildes Lúcio Ferreira , V Victor Hugo Alvarez , Neves Júlio César Lima , Fontes Maurício Paulo Ferreira , Faria Arlindo Ferreira de , Santos Helena Souza Nascimento
Published: September 2015

As informações referentes às taxas de recuperação do boro pelo extrator em razão das doses adicionadas são escassas e necessárias para os sistemas de recomendação de adubação e corretivos. Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de determinar as taxas de recuperação desse nutriente com água fervente e CaCl2 fervente em solos dos Estados da Bahia e Minas Gerais, na ausência e na presença de calagem. O experimento foi instalado em casa de vegetação, utilizando tratamentos em esquema fatorial (6 × 2 + 9) × 6, correspondendo a seis solos com e sem calagem, nove solos sem calagem e seis doses de B. Utilizaram-se blocos casualizados, com três repetições. As unidades experimentais foram constituídas por 0,6 dm3 de solo. A calagem foi calculada com base na análise de solo, seguindo a recomendação de calagem usada para o Estado de Minas Gerais. Após 15 dias de incubação, os solos receberam doses de B (0,0; 1,5; 3,0; 6,0; 9,0; e 15 mg dm-3), fazendo-se uma nova incubação por um período de 45 dias. Usou-se ácido bórico como fonte de B. Terminada a incubação, o teor de B disponível foi extraído com água fervente e CaCl2 5 mmol L-1 fervente, sendo a dosagem feita com azometina-H. Foram feitas análises de regressão e correlação para as diversas variáveis. O B extraído do solo com água fervente e o CaCl2 fervente, independentemente da calagem, aumentou linearmente com a elevação das doses aplicadas desse nutriente aos solos. Os extratores água fervente e o CaCl2fervente não são sensíveis à calagem. As taxas de recuperação de B dos solos pelos extratores usados variam de acordo com os teores de matéria orgânica, a quantidade e qualidade de argila e pelo equivalente de umidade. Os extratores utilizados foram altamente correlacionados entre si na extração do B do solo.
MERCURY QUANTIFICATION IN SOILS USING THERMAL DESORPTION AND ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY: PROPOSAL FOR AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD OF ANALYSIS
Authors: Soares Liliane Catone , Egreja Filho Fernando Barboza , Windmoller Cláudia Carvalhinho , Yoshida Maria Irene
Published: September 2015

Despite the considerable environmental importance of mercury (Hg), given its high toxicity and ability to contaminate large areas via atmospheric deposition, little is known about its activity in soils, especially tropical soils, in comparison with other heavy metals. This lack of information about Hg arises because analytical methods for determination of Hg are more laborious and expensive compared to methods for other heavy metals. The situation is even more precarious regarding speciation of Hg in soils since sequential extraction methods are also inefficient for this metal. The aim of this paper is to present a technique of thermal desorption associated with atomic absorption spectrometry, TDAAS, as an efficient tool for quantitative determination of Hg in soils. The method consists of the release of Hg by heating, followed by its quantification by atomic absorption spectrometry. It was developed by constructing calibration curves in different soil samples based on increasing volumes of standard Hg2+ solutions. Performance, accuracy, precision, and quantification and detection limit parameters were evaluated. No matrix interference was detected. Certified reference samples and comparison with a Direct Mercury Analyzer, DMA (another highly recognized technique), were used in validation of the method, which proved to be accurate and precise.
MODELING OF SOIL LOAD-BEARING CAPACITY AS A FUNCTION OF SOIL MECHANICAL RESISTANCE TO PENETRATION
Authors: Ortigara Cícero , Moraes Moacir Tuzzin de , Debiasi Henrique , Silva Vanderlei Rodrigues da , Franchini Julio Cezar , Luz Felipe Bonini da
Published: September 2015

Estimation of soil load-bearing capacity from mathematical models that relate preconsolidation pressure (σp) to mechanical resistance to penetration (PR) and gravimetric soil water content (U) is important for defining strategies to prevent compaction of agricultural soils. Our objective was therefore to model the σp and compression index (CI) according to the PR (with an impact penetrometer in the field and a static penetrometer inserted at a constant rate in the laboratory) and U in a Rhodic Eutrudox. The experiment consisted of six treatments: no-tillage system (NT); NT with chiseling; and NT with additional compaction by combine traffic (passing 4, 8, 10, and 20 times). Soil bulk density, total porosity, PR (in field and laboratory measurements), U, σp, and CI values were determined in the 5.5-10.5 cm and 13.5-18.5 cm layers. Preconsolidation pressure (σp) and CI were modeled according to PR in different U. The σp increased and the CI decreased linearly with increases in the PR values. The correlations between σp and PR and PR and CI are influenced by U. From these correlations, the soil load-bearing capacity and compaction susceptibility can be estimated by PR readings evaluated in different U.
Partidos legislativos e governo de coalizão: controle horizontal das políticas públicas
Authors: Inácio Magna , Rezende Daniela
Published: September 2015

ResumoEste artigo investiga a dinâmica de controle político entre Executivo e Legislativo sob o presidencialismo de coalizão no Brasil, com foco nos efeitos da delegação das tarefas de governo para o gabinete multipartidário. Argumentamos que as chances de controle horizontal, relativo ao monitoramento mútuo entre os partidos da coalizão, variam de acordo com o partido, o gabinete ministerial e as características das comissões parlamentares. O referente empírico da análise corresponde aos gabinetes presidenciais no Brasil no período de 1995 a 2010. Os resultados demonstram que a capacidade de controle horizontal de uma área de política pelo partido ministerial está relacionada à área temática considerada, às características da coalizão governante e aos partidos que ocupam os ministérios.
Efficiency of use of supplementary lighting in rearing of dairy calves during milk feeding stage
Authors: Almeida Gledson L. P. de , Pandorfi Héliton , Baptista Fátima , Guiselini Cristiane , Cruz Vasco F. da , Almeida Gleidiana A. P. de
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to evaluate programs of supplementary lighting for calves in individual shelters with different roof materials, as a strategy to stimulate concentrate consumption and the reduction of the milk feeding period and increase financial viability. Twenty seven dairy crossed Holstein × Gir female calves were randomly distributed in individual shelters with three different roofing materials (cement fiber tile, recycled tile and thatched roofs), associated with three different light duration (12, 16 and 20 h) and with three repetitions. The experimental design was completely randomized in 3 × 3 factorial arrangement. There was no interaction between the types of roofs × supplemental light; also, there was no significant effect of the covering types on the average consumption of concentrate and occurance of diarrhea in calves. On the other hand 20 h of lighting stimulated the consumption of concentrate and allowed weaning of calves at 55 days of age and 20% reduction in the cost of rearing animals during milk feeding stage.
Mapeamento do ambiente térmico de aviários de postura abertos em sistema vertical de criação
Authors: Coelho Diogo J. de R. , Tinoco Ilda de F. F. , Vieira Maria de F. A. , Mendes Múcio A. dos S. A. , Sousa Fernanda C. de , França Luís G. F.
Published: September 2015

RESUMOObjetivou-se, com este trabalho monitorar, em tempo real, o ambiente térmico de um aviário de postura e realizar o mapeamento completo da distribuição das variáveis temperatura do ar, umidade relativa do ar e índice de temperatura e umidade no alojamento. O trabalho foi conduzido no mês de janeiro de 2013 em uma granja comercial de aves de postura, sistemas verticais, com seis andares de gaiolas. O aviário é totalmente automatizado possuindo 100.000 aves alojadas na densidade de 300 cm2 ave-1. A partir dos dados coletados foram determinadas as médias de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar para período diurno e noturno de diferentes posições na instalação. Os mapas térmicos resultantes demostram que ocorreu uma variabilidade térmica em diferentes posições espaciais no interior do aviário, com a região central apresentando temperaturas superiores às das extremidades porém dentro da faixa de conforto térmico das aves considerando a situação de temperaturas médias, durante calor extremo a temperatura interna na instalação alcançou 33 oC. A umidade relativa do ar apresentou pequenas variações durante o dia e maiores no período da noite. Em relação ao índice de temperatura e umidade a maior parte da instalação permaneceu dentro da faixa de conforto.
Executive functions as a potential neurocognitive endophenotype in anxiety disorders: A systematic review considering DSM-IV and DSM-5 diagnostic criteria classification
Authors: Muller Juliana de Lima , Torquato Kamilla Irigaray , Manfro Gisele Gus , Trentini Clarissa Marceli
Published: September 2015

Evidence in the literature indicates that neurocognitive impairments may represent endophenotypes in psychiatric disorders. Objective: This study aimed to conduct a systematic review on executive functions as a potential neurocognitive endophenotype in anxiety disorder diagnosis according to the DSM-IV and DSM-5 classifications. Methods: A literature search of the LILACS, Cochrane Library, Index Psi Periódicos Técnico-Científicos, PubMed and PsycInfo databases was conducted, with no time limits. Of the 259 studies found, 14 were included in this review. Results: Only studies on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) were found. The executive function components of decision-making, planning, response inhibition, behavioral reversal/alternation, reversal learning and set-shifting/cognitive flexibility were considered to be a neurocognitive endophenotypes in OCD. Conclusion: Further studies on executive functions as a neurocognitive endophenotype in other anxiety disorders are needed since these may have different neurocognitive endophenotypes and require other prevention and treatment approaches.
Percepção da qualidade de serviços nas bibliotecas da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto na perspectiva do usuário
Authors: Soares Luciana Matias Felício , Sousa Caissa Veloso e
Published: September 2015

Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar e analisar a percepção dos usuários do Sistema de Bibliotecas e Informação na Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto no Estado de Minas Gerais, acerca da qualidade dos serviços prestados por essas bibliotecas. Para atender a esse objetivo adaptou-se a escala Servqual desenvolvida por Parasuraman, Zeithaml e Berry (2006) e o modelo Libqual desenvolvido por Cook, Thompson e Heath (2004), para a elaboração do questionário. A presente pesquisa é de abordagem quantitativa e quanto aos fins, se enquadra como descritiva. Quanto aos meios, a pesquisa se qualifica como um estudo de caso. Os dados dos questionários foram computados estatisticamente por meio de técnicas de análise univariadas, como a estatística descritiva e o teste não paramétrico de Friedmann. Nos resultados do estudo pode-se destacar que, em relação a expectativa dos serviços, os usuários esperam que as bibliotecas cumpram o que é prometido em relação aos atributos dos serviços, além disso, que os funcionários estejam dispostos a auxiliar os usuários e que os funcionários transmitam conhecimento e cortesia. Na percepção dos usuários, os serviços oferecidos pelas bibliotecas demonstram ser confiáveis e os funcionários auxiliam os usuários nas dúvidas em relação a utilização dos serviços das bibliotecas. Ainda em relação a percepção dos serviços, os usuários apresentaram insatisfação em relação aos equipamentos e infraestrutura das bibliotecas. Comparando os valores das diferenças entre expectativa e percepção, observou-se que em nenhuma dimensão as percepções superam as expectativas, o que enseja que devem ser realizadas melhorias em vários aspectos na prestação dos serviços das bibliotecas do Sisbin para que os serviços sejam considerados de qualidade pelos usuários.
Levels of selected essential and non-essential metals in seeds of korarima (Aframomum corrorima) cultivated in Ethiopia
Authors: Mekassa Birhanu , Chandravanshi Bhagwan Singh
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe levels of essential (Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Cr, Mn and Ni) and non-essential (Cd and Pb) metals were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry in samples of korarima (Aframomum corrorima) seeds and the corresponding soils collected from southern and southwestern Ethiopia. A wet digestion procedure involving the use of 3 mL of HNO3 (69-72%) and 1 mL of HClO4 (70%) were used to solubilize the metals from the korarima seed samples, and a modified aqua regia (HCl:HNO3) reagent with added hydrogen peroxide (6 mL of aqua regia and 1.5 mL of H2O2) was used for the soil samples. The levels of the nutrients in the korarima seed samples were in the following ranges: Ca (1794-2181); Mg (1626-2067); Mn (141-180); Fe (37-46); Zn (12-18); Ni (6.6-8.5); Cu (5.8-8.3); Cr (3.8-5.8) and Co (2.0-2.3) in µg g–1, respectively. The concentration of non-essential cadmium was in the range from 0.9-1 µg g–1 while that of lead was below the detection limit of the method. There was good correlation between the levels of some metals (Ni, Fe, Cd, Ca, Cu, Mg) in the korarima seeds and soil samples but poor correlation between other metals (Cr, Zn, Mn, Co).
ANÁLISE DAS REFLEXÕES DA PROFESSORA DE CIÊNCIAS SOBRE A SUA RELAÇÃO COM OS ALUNOS E IMPLICAÇÕES PARA A PRÁTICA EDUCATIVA
Authors: Rosa-Silva Patrícia de Oliveira , Lorencini Júnior Álvaro , Laburú Carlos Eduardo
Published: September 2015

Neste trabalho enfocamos as reflexões de dimensão discente de uma professora de Ciências. Para a coleta de dados, realizamos uma parceria colaborativa entre a pesquisadora e a professora, durante as horas/atividade na escola. Utilizamos a autoscopia trifásica como estra tégia de formação continuada, que possibilitou à professora refletir sobre a prática nas fases pré-ativa e pós-ativa, ou seja, antes e depois de ela ter desenvolvido as aulas (fase interativa). Apresentamos os dados da fase pós-ativa analisados à luz do referencial teórico sobre o conceito de prática reflexiva, segundo Schön (1997, 2000). As reflexões da professora demonstram que ela buscou avaliar a prática educativa mediante questionamentos, proposição de soluções e reestruturação de ações que a levariam a dissolver os preconceitos que criou contra os alunos para melhorar sua ação docente.
CIÊNCIAS NO NONO ANO DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL: DA DISCIPLINARIDADE À ALFABETIZAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA E TECNOLÓGICA
Authors: Milaré Tathiane , Alves Filho José de Pinho
Published: September 2015

Este artigo discute as características do Ensino de Ciências desenvolvido na última série do ensino fundamental na disciplina Ciências. Apresenta uma análise do que é oferecido pelos livros didáticos e o que efetivamente os professores abordam quando tratam de Química com seus alunos. Os resultados indicam que a Química é tratada discipli narmente, contrapondo-se à interdisciplinaridade e à contextualização ne cessárias nesta fase do ensino. Como proposta para possível reversão da situação constatada, são apresentados alguns pontos a serem considera dos no programa escolar de Ciências para a promoção da Alfabetização Científica e Tecnológica, utilizando como exemplo a abordagem do tema Leite.
Afogando em nomes: temas e experiências em história econômica
Authors: Fragoso João
Published: September 2015

O texto expõe preocupações temáticas do grupo de história econômica (séculos XVIIXIX), sob minha orientação, no LIPHIS e no PPGHIS. É dada especial atenção para os seguintes temas: império português, hierarquia social e processos de mudanças na sociedade colonial. O texto termina por apresentar questões metodológicas de pesquisa debatidas no grupo.Várias das idéias a seguir são hipóteses de investigações ainda em curso e, portanto, sujeitas a reparos.
Entre amadorismo e profissionalismo: as tensões da prática histórica no século XIX
Authors: Guimarães Manoel Luiz Salgado
Published: September 2015

O presente artigo discute dois diferentes projetos de constituição da escrita histórica no século XIX a partir especialmente da experiência francesa, importante modelo referencial para a constituição da disciplina no espaço acadêmico brasileiro. Ele apresenta resultados parciais de uma pesquisa realizada com acervos documentais franceses a partir da bolsa de pós-doutoramento concedida pela Capes no período 1999-2000.
Anistia e crise política no Brasil pós-1964
Authors: Lemos Renato
Published: September 2015

O artigo discute aspectos da anistia política promulgada em 1979 no Brasil. Considera suas conexões com a conjuntura de transição no país, mas propõe que seu significado profundo está relacionado com as tradições de conciliação e contra-revolução da história política brasileira.
A população no passado colonial brasileiro: mobilidade versus estabilidade
Authors: Nadalin Sérgio Odilon
Published: September 2015

O artigo apresenta diretrizes teóricas da história da população da América lusa colonial tendo como eixo narrativo - sem resvalar numa história regional - os habitantes dos campos paranaenses, no quadro cronológico do século XVIII.
Fundando a nação: a representação de um Brasil barroco, moderno e civilizado
Authors: Chuva Márcia
Published: September 2015

O artigo aborda as concepções que fundamentaram as práticas brasileiras de preservação cultural, especialmente relacionadas ao pertencimento à civilização ocidental, consagrado pela associação inédita entre as formas e princípios renovadores dobarroco e a produção arquitetônicamoderna. Essa associação será fundamentada pela noção de universalidade da arte e da cultura brasileiras, partilhada por modernistas como Rodrigo Melo Franco de Andrade, Carlos Drummond de Andrade e Lucio Costa, como funcionários do Serviço do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional.
A língua brasileira e os sentidos de nacionalidade e mestiçagem no Império do Brasil
Authors: Lima Ivana Stolze
Published: September 2015

No contexto da formação do Estado Imperial no Brasil, a problemática da língua foi incorporada pelas reflexões sobre a nacionalidade, e pode ser considerada como um dos campos produtores de sentidos em torno da mestiçagem. Especificamente, o artigo pretende discutir aspectos da polêmica sobre a "língua brasileira" em meados do século XIX, tendo como eixo três artigos - "Uma resposta", de Fernandes Pinheiro, "A língua brasileira", de Joaquim Norberto, e "Poesia brasileira", de Juan Valera - publicados na revistaGuanabara (Rio de Janeiro, 1849-1856), e procuraremos, simultaneamente, outros indícios capazes de revelar as tensões políticas, sociais e culturais envolvidas no processo de formação da língua nacional.
África no Brasil: mapa de uma área em expansão
Authors: Mamigonian Beatriz Gallotti
Published: September 2015

Resumo:Este artigo traça os contornos de uma nova área da historiografia brasileira, dedicada ao estudo da diáspora africana no Brasil. Nascida nos debates e pesquisas sobre o tráfico de escravos e a escravidão, a área hoje guarda suas próprias questões teórico-metodológicas, na busca dos historiadores por apreender a experiência própria dos africanos através do Atlântico e na sociedade escravista brasileira. O artigo discute as soluções dadas pelos historiadores para o desafio de definir a identidade africana no Brasil e apresenta algumas publicações recentes sobre os temas de trabalho, práticas culturais, resistência, religião e trajetórias individuais na diáspora.
In vino veritas: vinho e aguardente no cotidiano dos sodomitas lusobrasileiros à época da Inquisição
Authors: Mott Luiz
Published: September 2015

Com base nos processos e sumários inquisitoriais da Torre do Tombo, relativos ao nefando pecado de sodomia, interpretamos as informações relativas aos diferentes aspectos dos padrões de consumo de vinho e aguardente pelos sodomitas e fanchonos do mundo luso-brasileiro: ocasiões e situações em que se dava o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas; quantidade, medidas e utensílios ligados ao produto consumido; a utilização destas bebidas como ingrediente visando a socialização, sedução ou dirimente da culpa criminal dos amantes do mesmo sexo.
1625, o Fogo e a Tinta: a batalha de Salvador nos relatos de guerra 1625
Authors: Camenietzki Carlos Ziller , Pastore Gianriccardo Grassia
Published: September 2015

A reconquista da cidade de Salvador pelas forças da Monarquia Católica em 1625 foi um grande feito bélico. A abundância de testemunhos, relatos e histórias da batalha são tantos elementos que certificam a importância do acontecido para seus contemporâneos. Um exame detido dessa literatura é capaz de mostrar uma oposição, ainda que dissimulada, entre fidalgos portugueses e castelhanos: eles disputavam a proeminência nos feitos bélicos e a honra do desempenho vitorioso. Festejada, narrada e comemorada, a Batalha da Bahia acabou por se transformar num acontecimento revelador de tensões entre fidalgos de Portugal e de Castela, que iria alimentar uma dissensão mais que secular e que viria a tomar corpo em dezembro de 1640.
Crianças Expostas: um estudo da prática do enjeitamento em São João del Rei, séculos XVIII e XIX
Authors: Brügger Silvia Maria Jardim
Published: September 2015

Neste artigo, analiso a exposição de crianças em São João del Rei, no século XVIII e na primeira metade do XIX, tanto em termos das variações nos índices desta prática, quanto das motivações que a estimulavam e das relações que envolviam crianças, pais biológicos e os que recebiam os enjeitados em suas casas. Procuro analisar ainda alguns indícios sobre a inserção social dos expostos, ao longo de suas vidas. As principais fontes utilizadas são os registros paroquiais de batismo e casamento da Matriz de Nossa Senhora do Pilar de São João del Rei, inventários post-mortem, testamentos e listas nominativas.
Detection of agents associated with respiratory diseases of swine by real time PCR
Authors: FONSECA JUNIOR Antônio Augusto , NONAKA Carolina Kymie Vasquez , GUEDES Estefânia de Oliveira , LOBATO Zélia Inês Portela , DIAS Alessandra Silva , NASCIMENTO Juliana Amália Fonte Boa do , KLEIN Cátia Silene , REIS Jenner Karlisson Pimenta dos , HEINEMANN Marcos Bryan
Published: September 2015

Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex (PRDC) is a group of diseases that cause high losses in the swine industry. Several infectious agents are related to PRDC including porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2), pseudorabies virus (SuHV-1),Haemophilus parasuis (HP), Mycoplasma hypneumoniae (MH) and Pasteurela multocida (PM). The aim of this study was to develop real-time PCRs (qPCR) for the detection of these infectious agents. Oligonucleotides were designed for each specific infectious agent and labeled with different fluorophores to amplify specific parts of the genome. This was done in two groups of reactions—a duplex qPCR for SuHV-1 and PCV-2 and a multiplex qPCR to detect the three bacteria simultaneously. The reactions were tested in 142 pooled samples of swine lymph nodes and lungs with clinical signs of PRDC. There were 135 samples that tested positive for PCV-2, 61 for HP, 29 for PM, 30 for MH and zero for SuHV-1. We recorded 76 cases of co-infection. The qPCRs developed in this study are useful tools in the diagnosis of PRDC.
Fish assemblages in a small temperate estuary on the Argentinian coast: spatial variation, environmental influence and relevance as nursery area
Authors: Solari Agustín , Jaureguizar Andrés J. , Milessi Andrés C. , García Mirta L.
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe effects of different environmental variables on the fish community structure were evaluated in a small temperate estuary. The biological and environmental data were collected bimonthly between 2007 and 2009 along the main estuarine axis. Multivariate analyses were applied (CLUSTER, SIMPER, CCA) to determine the spatial structure of fish community and to estimate the environmental influence on it. A total of 48 species of "teleost" fishes were observed, with the families Characidae and Sciaenidae presenting the largest number of species, 90% of the catches being juveniles. The fish community was overwhelmingly dominated by one species (Micropogonias furnieri, 88.9%), and only four species contributed more than 1% of total catch (Odontesthes argentinensis5.4%, Brevoortia aurea 1.1%, Paralonchurus brasiliensis 1.1%, and Mugil platanus 1.0%). Estuarine and freshwater stragglers dominated in number of species, followed by freshwater migrants and marine migrants. Three areas with different fish assemblages, with distinctive species and functional guilds, were defined along the main axis. The occurrence and spatial spread of these areas were linked to spatial variation in salinity, which was consistently influenced by discharge from the Río de la Plata and local precipitation. The results highlight the importance of shallow environments as nursery areas and permit emphasis on their susceptibility to environmental changes.
SEMANTIC DESCRIPTION FOR THE TAXONOMY OF THE GEOSPATIAL SERVICES
Authors: Li Hao , Wang Yandong , Cheng Penggen
Published: September 2015

Abstract:With the advances in the World Wide Web and Geographic Information System, geospatial services have progressively developed to provide geospatial data and processing functions online. In order to efficiently discover and manage the large amount of geospatial services, these services are registered with semantic descriptions and categorized into classes according to certain taxonomies. Most taxonomies for geospatial services are only provided in the human readable format. The lack of semantic description for taxonomies limits the semantic-based discovery of geospatial services. The objectives of this paper are proposing an approach to semantically describe the taxonomy of geospatial services and using the semantic descriptions for taxonomy to improve the discovery of geospatial services. A semantic description framework is introduced for geospatial service taxonomy to describe not only the hierarchical structure of classes but also the definitions for all classes. The semantic description of taxonomy base on this framework is further used to simplify the semantic description and registration of geospatial services and enhance the semantic-based service matching method.
UM MÉTODO AUTOMÁTICO PARA REGISTRO DE DADOS LASER SCANNING TERRESTRE USANDO SUPERFÍCIES PLANAS
Authors: Pavan Nadisson Luis , Santos Daniel Rodrigues dos
Published: September 2015

Resumo:Neste trabalho é apresentado um método automático para registro de pares de nuvens de pontos derivados do sistema LASER scanning terrestre usando superfícies planas. Primeiramente, as superfícies planas são detectadas através do algoritmo RANSAC e, posteriormente, ajustadas pelo método dos Mínimos Quadrados Totais. Em seguida é proposto um algoritmo para estabelecimento automático de correspondências baseado em análises geométricas dos vetores normais aos planos. Finalmente, um modelo matemático baseado em abordagens plano-a-plano é empregado para determinar os parâmetros de transformação. Um experimento foi realizado para avaliar a viabilidade e potencialidade do método proposto. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que esta abordagem é promissora e determina medidas com precisão na ordem do centímetro
Antimicrobial activity of Stomoxys calcitransagainst Beauveria bassiana sensu lato isolates
Authors: Moraes Ana Paula Rodrigues de , Salles Cristiane Martins Cardoso de , Bittencourt Vânia Rita Elias Pinheiro , Bittencourt Avelino José
Published: September 2015

This study had the aims of evaluating the antimicrobial characteristics of Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) larvae against the fungal isolates CG138, CG228 and ESALQ986 of Beauveria bassiana sensu lato (Balsamo-Crivelli) Vuillemin, 1912 (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae). S. calcitrans eggs, larvae and pupae were exposed to these same isolates. Statistical analysis showed that the immature stages of S. calcitrans were not susceptible to the fungal isolates used, regardless of the exposure method. Diffusion test on solid culture medium reveled that macerated S. calcitrans larvae exposed to isolate CG138 reduced CG138 fungal development. The analysis of the chromatographic profiles indicated that the macerate or mucus of larvae of the control group and the groups exposed to the isolate CG138 presented different profiles. Reduced development of the isolate CG138 on the larvae cuticle was observed by means of scanning electron microscopy.
Facial Asymmetry in Children with Unicoronal Synostosis who have Undergone Craniofacial Reconstruction in Infancy
Authors: Öwall Louise , Darvann Tron A. , Larsen Per , Hove Hanne D. , Hermann Nuno V. , Bøgeskov Lars , Kreiborg Sven
Published: September 2015

Objective

Quantitatively assess 3D spatially detailed soft-tissue facial asymmetry in children who had undergone craniofacial reconstruction for Unicoronal Synostosis (UCS), and compare the facial asymmetry to control patients. It was hypothesized that there would be no significant differences in the facial asymmetry between the groups.

Design

Clinical, retrospective follow-up study. Methodological study.

Setting

Primary care center.

Patients/Participants

Twenty-two children with UCS were selected after review of records. Inclusion criteria: isolated UCS; surgically treated for UCS within the first 19 months of life, without secondary reconstruction; and DNA analysis for the Muenke mutation. An age- and sex-matched control group was employed.

Interventions

The UCS group had undergone bilateral craniotomy of the frontal bone with unilateral supraorbital rim advancement.

Main outcome Measure(s)

Using 3D surface scanning, a detailed map of 3D asymmetry presenting the amount of asymmetry in the sagittal, vertical, and transverse directions was calculated for six facial subregions.

Results

The facial asymmetry in the UCS group was significantly larger than in the control group for all regions, to the largest extent in the sagittal direction (level of significance: 5%). The regions with the most pronounced asymmetry were cheeks (mean: 5.45 mm; SD: 1.83 mm), forehead (mean: 5.00 mm; SD: 1.57 mm), and eyes (mean: 4.26 mm; SD: 1.44 mm).

Conclusions

Ninety percent of the UCS patients in the study had significant facial asymmetry throughout the facial area. The study demonstrates a methodology of facial asymmetry quantification well suited for soft-tissue surgical outcome evaluations and long-term follow-up studies in patients with craniofacial anomalies.
The Frequency, Characteristics, and Outcomes Among Cancer Patients With Delirium Admitted to an Acute Palliative Care Unit
Authors: de la Cruz Maxine , Ransing Viraj , Yennu Sriram , Wu Jimin , Liu Diane , Reddy Akhila , Delgado-Guay Marvin , Bruera Eduardo
Published: September 2015

Background.

Delirium is a common neuropsychiatric condition seen in patients with severe illness, such as advanced cancer. Few published studies are available of the frequency, course, and outcomes of standardized management of delirium in advanced cancer patients admitted to acute palliative care unit (APCU). In this study, we examined the frequency, characteristics, and outcomes of delirium in patients with advanced cancer admitted to an APCU.

Methods.

Medical records of 609 consecutive patients admitted to the APCU from January 2011 through December 2011 were reviewed. Data on patients’ demographics; Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale (MDAS) score; palliative care specialist (PCS) diagnosis of delirium; delirium etiology, subtype, and reversibility; late development of delirium; and discharge outcome were collected. Delirium was diagnosed with MDAS score ≥7 and by a PCS using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4th edition, Text Revision criteria. All patients admitted to the APCU received standardized assessments and management of delirium per best practice guidelines in delirium management.

Results.

Of 556 patients in the APCU, 323 (58%) had a diagnosis of delirium. Of these, 229 (71%) had a delirium diagnosis on admission and 94 (29%) developed delirium after admission to the APCU. Delirium reversed in 85 of 323 episodes (26%). Half of patients with delirium (n = 162) died. Patients with the diagnosis of delirium had a lower median overall survival than those without delirium. Patients who developed delirium after admission to the APCU had poorer survival (p ≤ .0001) and a lower rate of delirium reversal (p = .03) compared with those admitted with delirium.

Conclusion.

More than half of the patients admitted to the APCU had delirium. Reversibility occurred in almost one-third of cases. Diagnosis of delirium was associated with poorer survival.
Editorial
Authors: De Gloria Alessandro
Published: September 2015

In less than three months from now, a lot of us will be in Rome for the fourth edition of the Game and Learning Alliance – Gala Conf 2015 (http://www.galaconf.org). The conference has reached a huge number of submissions and we are sure that the level of the presentations will be further higher than in the previous editions. We will be pleased to have representatives from several continents, if not all, and with very different backgrounds, stressing the importance of different disciplines for the development of a good serious game and the possibility of a variety of application domains.
A Framework for Research in Gamified Mobile Guide Applications using Embodied Conversational Agents (ECAs)
Authors: Doumanis Ioannis , Smith Serengul
Published: September 2015

Mobile Guides are mobile applications that provide players with local and location-based services (LBS), such as navigation assistance, where and when they need them most. Advances in mobile technologies in recent years have enabled the gamification of these applications, opening up new opportunities to transfer education and culture through game play. However, adding traditional game elements such as PBLs (points, badges, and leaderboards) alone cannot ensure that the intended learning outcomes will be met, as the player’s cognitive resources are shared between the application and the surrounding environment. This distribution of resources prevents players from easily immersing themselves into the educational scenario. Adding artificial conversational characters (ECAs) that simulate the social norms found in real-life human-to-human guide scenarios has the potential to address this problem and improve the player’s experience and learning of cultural narratives [1]. Although significant progress has been made towards creating game-like mobile guides with ECAs ([2], [3]), there is still a lack of a unified framework that enables researchers and practitioners to investigate the potential effects of such applications to players and how to approach the concepts of player experience, cognitive accessibility and usability in this context. This paper presents a theoretically-well supported research framework consisted of four key components: differences in players, different features of the gamified task, aspects of how the ECA looks, sound or behaves and different mobile environments. Furthermore, it provides based on this framework a working definition of what player experience, cognitive accessibility and usability are in the context of game-like mobile guide applications. Finally, a synthesis of the results of six empirical studies conducted within this research framework is discussed and a series of design guidelines for the effective gamification of mobile guide applications using ECAs are presented. Results show that an ECA can positively affect the quality of the player’s experience, but it did not elicit better player retention of cultural narratives and navigation of routes.
Fetal Echocardiography in Iceland 2003-2007; indications and outcomes
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Þórisdóttir Sigurveig , Harðardóttir Hildur ,   National Hopspital's Maternity and Gynaecology Department, Hjartardóttir Hulda ,   National Hopspital's Maternity and Gynaecology Department, Óskarsson Gylfi ,   Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Children's hospital Landspítali, Helgason Hróðmar ,   Children's hospital Landspítali, Sigfússon Gunnlaugur ,   Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Children's hospital Landspítali
Published: September 2015

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the indications and outcomes of fetal echo (FE) and determine which indication has the highest detection rate for congenital heart disease (CHD). Methods: The referral indications and results of FE performed in Iceland during 2003-2007 were reviewed. Information regarding gestational age at diagnosis, nuchal translucency, pregnancy outcome, autopsy results and postnatal diagnosis were obtained from medical records. Results: During the five year period 1187 FE were performed. Structural heart defect was diagnosed in 73 fetuses. The most common referral indication was family history of CHD (631;53.2%) which led to diagnosis of 18 heart defects prenatally (2.9%). The second most common referral indication was increased nuchal translucency (159) and abnormal cardiac findings were present in 16 cases (10.1%). A total of 30 women were referred for FE because of abnormal four chamber view (AFCV) which resulted in the diagnosis of 22 (73.3%) major heart defects, either incompatible with life or requiring immediate intervention after birth. Other indications led mostly to the diagnoses of minor defects. Conclusions: AFCV is the most important predictor for diagnosis of structural heart defects. 2,5% were referred for FE due to AFCV which led to diagnosis of 30% of all heart defects, all of which were major.
Las políticas migratorias en España desde la prensa colombiana, 1990-1999: entre la integración europea y la integración iberoamericana
Authors: Bazurto Victoria
Published: September 2015

Frente a la idea de integración que se vive en la década de los noventa, se antepone igualmente la de protección de las fronteras que se pondrá en marcha con los acuerdos europeos de libre circulación. Frente a ello, las relaciones políticas que se establecen entre los diferentes países de Iberoamérica, se verán modificadas al constatar, según los resultados obtenidos del análisis minucioso realizado a la prensa colombiana, el desequilibrio no solamente en el trato –desde el punto de vista económico– entre Europa y América Latina, sino también, discriminatorio frente a los migrantes originarios de esta zona que ya empezaban a migrar hacia España.
Addressing challenges of developing countries in implementing five priorities for sustainable development goals
Authors: Sarvajayakesavalu Suriyanarayanan
Published: September 2015

As the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) deadline approaches, UN member states have established a new, universal set of goals, i.e., Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), to develop a global vision for sustainable development, balancing economic growth, social development, and environmental protection over the next fifteen years. There is a need to give specific attention, dependent on the capacities of nations and other national circumstances, to the different goals and targets. Focused guidelines and priorities are essential requirements for the achievement of the SDGs. The five priorities for the SDGs proposed by
Lu et al. (2015)
are of great significance to the participating communities, as they present the right directions for the proper functioning of the Sustainable Development Goals. There will be significant challenges for developing countries to put the five priorities into practice, depending on their policies and other national settings. This article addresses the major challenges that may be faced by developing nations when implementing the SDGs.
Nitrogen deposition across scales: hotspots and gradients in a California savanna landscape
Authors: Tulloss Elise M. , Cadenasso Mary L.
Published: September 2015

Nitrogen (N) deposition is a key component of global change. In order to predict the consequences of those changes, the spatial and temporal patterns of N deposition need to be quantified. We investigated patterns of inorganic‐N deposition across two spatial scales—regional and local—in six oak savanna sites across north‐central California during the 2008–2009 wet season. We found a regional‐scale deposition gradient in which sites closer to urban and agricultural sources received higher rates of deposition than more remote sites. Additionally, sites closer to urban sources received a greater proportion of N as NO3−‐N. At the local, within‐site scale, canopy understories received greater N inputs compared to the adjacent open grassland. Temporal heterogeneity in N deposition was also found. Deposition exhibited a strong seasonal pattern, corresponding to the distinct wet‐dry cycles characteristic of this Mediterranean ecosystem. While these spatial and temporal results were expected, it was surprising that the magnitude of the hotspot effect under oaks changed across the regional gradient. At the high deposition end of the regional gradient proportionally more N was received beneath canopies than at the low end of the gradient. This nonlinearity between local and regional scales demonstrates the importance of landscape context for understanding within‐site dynamics and the need for multi‐scalar research approaches. Incorporating regional‐scale landscape context and local‐scale vegetation structure, as well as temporal variability, into our understanding of deposition patterns is crucial for monitoring efforts as well as addressing potential ecological effects of increased N deposition.
Low conservatism of the climatic niche of sea turtles and implications for predicting future distributions
Authors: Mazaris A. D. , Vokou D. , Almpanidou V. , Türkozan O. , Sgardelis S. P.
Published: September 2015

Understanding how the ecological niches of species are formulated across space is critical for modeling the current and predicting future distributions under climate change. Here, we examine how stable are the realized niches of distinct populations of the endangered green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) which are defined on the basis of genetic and demographic data and are distributed around the globe. We used 906 georeferenced records of green turtle nesting sites that are embedded within eight Regional Management Units to compare climatic niche for each one of the distinct units. We used an asymmetric overall index and a decision‐tree model to assess niche conservatism through a comparison of temperature‐ and precipitation‐based bioclimatic variables that characterize the climatic niche breadth of the spatially distinct population segments. We found a high degree of variance in climatic space, which also lacks any latitudinal pattern. Environmental determinants vary significantly across the studied population units: variables that have been long‐recognized as critical for nesting (e.g., maximum temperature of the warmest month) showed only low overlap between some of different regional entities. Our results contribute substantially to the current debate on the predictive power of species distribution models that use only climate variables as predictors when aggregating data from various populations. We argue that studies on climatic‐niche evolution and divergent ecological selection mechanisms are required before attempting to identify suitable habitats for a species, describe climatic widths and search for plausible expansions of geographical shifts attributed to climate change.
Scale dependence in occupancy models: implications for estimating bear den distribution and abundance
Authors: Wilson Tammy L. , Schmidt Joshua H.
Published: September 2015

Monitoring programs are typically designed to identify long‐term trends in animal abundance, however estimating abundance at a relevant scale can be logistically prohibitive. This is particularly true for species that occur at low densities or those with large home ranges. In such cases, occupancy surveys are often employed in place of more expensive abundance estimation techniques such as mark‐recapture because precise estimation of occupancy probability generally requires fewer data. Although choice of plot size is a critical design element of occupancy monitoring, relatively little effort has been expended to develop or test plot size recommendations. Animal movement between surveys can complicate efforts to obtain an optimal plot size, but surveys of fixed objects, such as nests, dens, or burrows can provide insight about scale effects because the population exposed to sampling does not change during the duration of the survey. We used repeated aerial occupancy surveys to obtain estimates of brown bear (Ursus arctos) den distribution and abundance in a portion of Katmai National Park and Preserve in Alaska. We then used these data to assess the importance of plot size selection and highlight the effects of spatial grain on the resulting inference and utility for monitoring. Scale effects in estimates of mean den‐based site occupancy, but not total den abundance demonstrated that careful selection of sample unit size is important if estimating occupancy probability is a primary monitoring objective. We expect occupancy surveys based on important structures such as nests or dens could have wide applicability for many species.