bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Industry 4.0 and Sustainability
Authors: Ejsmont Krzysztof , Gladysz Bartlomiej , Kluczek Aldona
Published: July 2020

Sustainability and Industry 4.0 (I4.0) are trending concepts used in the literature on industrial processes. Industry 4.0 has been mainly addressed by the current literature from a technological perspective, overlooking sustainability challenges regarding this recent paradigm. The objective of this encyclopedia entry is to evaluate the state of the art of relations between sustainability and I4.0. The goal will be met by (1) mapping and summarizing existing research efforts, (2) identifying research agendas, (3) examining gaps and opportunities for further research. Web of Science, Scopus, and a set of specific keywords were used to select peer-reviewed papers presenting evidence on the relationship between sustainability and I4.0. To achieve this goal, it was decided to use a dynamic methodology called “systematic literature network analysis”. This methodology combines a systematic literature review approach with the analysis of bibliographic networks. Selected papers were used to build a reference framework formed by I4.0 technologies and sustainability issues. The encyclopedia entry contributes to the Sustainable Industry 4.0 reference framework with application procedures. It aims to show how I4.0 can support ideas of sustainability. The results showed that apart from a huge contribution to both concepts, many papers do not provide an insight into realization of initiatives to introduce Sustainable Industry 4.0.
Menyelamatkan Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah dari Dampak Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Sugiri Dani
Published: July 2020

Pemerintah telah melakukan berbagai upaya penyelamatan Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) dari dampak pendemi COVID-19. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memetakan kebijakan pemerintah dalam memperkuat UMKM tersebut serta memetakan strategi jangka pendek dan jangka panjang yang diperlukan sebagai pelengkap kebijakan tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif. Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder yang berasal dari berbagai literatur seperti buku-buku, artikel, serta homepage untuk mengakses data dan informasi terkini berkaitan dengan kebijakan penyelamatan UMKM dari dampak pandemi COVID-19. Teknik analisis dilakukan dengan analisis deskriptif. Berdasarkan penelitian, diketahui bahwa keberhasilan kebijakan penyelamatan UMKM dari dampak pandemi COVID-19 perlu didukung dengan strategi jangka pendek dan strategi jangka panjang untuk menjaga kesinambungan UMKM sebagai salah satu pelaku perekonomian Indonesia.
Analisis Laporan Keuangan Sebagai Alat untuk Menilai Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan pada PT Multi Bintang Indonesia Tbk
Authors: Nurcahya Yulida Army , Dewi Rizky Puspita
Published: July 2020

This study aims to analyze the financial performance of PT. Multi Bintang Indonesia Tbk in 2016, 2017 and 2018. The analytical tools used in this study are liquidity ratios (current ratios and fast ratios), solvency ratios (ratio of total debt to assets and total debt to equity) ratios), and profitability ratios (return on investment and return on equity). The results of the current ratio and quick ratio research in 2017 show that the company's financial condition is quite good, because the debt is less than the assets and profits obtained. Whereas in 2016 and 2018, the company's financial condition was not good because of higher debt. The quick ratio in 2016 shows that the company's financial condition is not good. Based on the measurement of the solvency ratio, an increase in the total debt to asset ratio and the total debt equity ratio in 2016 and 2018 indicate that the financial condition is not in good condition. Judging from the profitability ratio, the decrease in return on assets and return on equity in 2016 and 2018 shows that the company's financial performance is not good because the ratios are not maximized in generating profits.
Formação Disciplinar ou Transversal
Authors: Fernanda Meireles Jaqueline , Corrêa Lindino Terezinha
Published: July 2020

O ensino de Educação Ambiental está inserido no currículo escolar de forma específica ou transversal, a Conferência de Tbilisi realizada em 1977, é considerada um dos principais eventos sobre Educação Ambiental, originando conceitos vigentesaté hoje. A Educação Ambiental é considerada fundamental na resolução dos problemas ambientais. No Brasil, ela foi abordada pela primeira vez na Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente, estabelecendo sua presença no ensino formal e não formal, oque foi consolidado no ano de 1999 com a instituição da Política Nacional de Educação Ambiental. Este trabalho se propõe analisar o nível de conhecimento dos acadêmicos de uma Universidade sobre as questões ambientais, em dois cursos da área ambiental, constatando que em um curso a Educação Ambiental é ensinada de forma específica e no outro, de forma transversal, por fim foi comparando os resultados obtidos, com intuito de verificar em qual abordagem há maior compreensão do conteúdoensinado, e o quanto difere o nível e a percepção do conhecimento dos universitários, considerando esse tema ser exaustivamente debatido e até o momento não há um senso comum entre qual abordagem apresenta maior eficiência no ensino de Educação Ambiental. O instrumento utilizado para coleta de dados, foi um questionário semiestruturado padrão com dez perguntas, aplicado para os acadêmicos do segundo ano de cada curso, no segundo semestre do ano de 2018. Conclui-se que o nível de percepção e o conhecimento ambiental foi superior entre os acadêmicos que estudaram Educação Ambiental em uma disciplina específica, em relação aos que estudaram na abordagem interdisciplinar.
Práticas e Conhecimentos de Educadores Infantis Sobre Alimentação Complementar
Authors: Soares Guerin Cintia , Loureiro Trevisan Carina , De Lourdes de Almeida Maria , Antonio Silva-Sobrinho Reinaldo , Meire Munhak da Silva Rosane , Angelica Iossi da Silva Marta , Zilly Adriana
Published: July 2020

Identificar a prática e o conhecimento dos educadores sobre alimentação complementar nos Centros Municipais de Educação Infantil de Foz do Iguaçu. Método: Estudo qualitativo, realizado em 2017, com 21 educadores infantis, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, utilizando-se da técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo para análise dos dados. Resultados: A caracterização dos educadores mostrou uma totalidade feminina, maioria com idade até 25 anos e com o ensino superior concluído. Na prática, os educadores referem a oferta de alimentos diversos, inclusive doces e refrigerantes. Surgiram discursos referentes ao consumo de alimentos industrializados pelas crianças, discussão sobre alimentação saudável somente em datas específicas e inaptidão das educadoras para lidar com situações de necessidade de alimentação específica. Identificou-se desconhecimento das educadoras sobre alimentação complementar e fragilidade no suporte técnico para oferta das refeições. Conclusão: Reforça-se a necessidade de reestruturar políticas de alimentação escolar, elaborar e executar programas de treinamento sobre educação nutricional para os educadores, com supervisão contínua dos efeitos da capacitação como estratégia para melhorar a nutrição infantil.
Estratégia Multirrepresentacional para o Ensino de Fenômenos Ópticos para Alunos do 4º Ano do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Katia Giehl Leidi , Back Lenita
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo trata-se de estudo exploratório sobre o Ensino de Física nos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental a partir de questões geradoras utilizando uma abordagem pedagógica centrada na multimodalidade representacional. A coletade dados para a investigação foi a partir do estágio de docência em uma turma de 4° ano do ensino fundamental dos anos iniciais em um colégio público no estado do Paraná. O conteúdo teve como foco a Óptica Física e Geométrica, com questões geradorascentradas em discutir a formação das cores, o arco-íris, entre outros voltados para a luz. A aplicação das aulas, organizadas em oficinas, baseou-se em discussões que abordassem os fenômenos apresentados e diversas atividades, que se baseassem nametodologia de ensino por multimodos e múltiplas representações (MMR), ou seja, trabalhando determinado conceito a partir de diversas atividades. Com a aplicação do estágio percebeu-se que as crianças possuem uma curiosidade nata, e isso faz comque a maioria dos alunos ficassem muito interessados em aprenderem conceitos que poderiam explicar dúvidas que estes têm sobre o ambiente e a natureza, esse fato abre possibilidades positivas para que o professor consiga trabalhar de forma produtiva a disciplina de Ciências. Além disso, constatou-se que por meio dos MMR pode-se criar metodologias que possibilitem às crianças engajamento melhor no desenvolvimento das atividades e com isso resultados positivos relacionados a sua aprendizagem.
Crowd Modeling and Simulation for Safer Building Design
Authors: Selamat Hazlina , Khamis Nurulaqilla , Mohd Ghani Nuritaasma
Published: July 2020

Crowd modeling and simulation are very important in the investigation and study of the dynamics of a crowd. They can be used not only to understand the behavior of a crowd in different environments, but also in risk assessment of spaces and in designing spaces that are safer for crowds, especially during emergency evacuations. This paper provides an overview of the use of the crowd simulation model for three main purposes; (1) as a modeling tool to simulate behavior of a crowd in different environments, (2) as a risk assessment tool to assess the risk
posed in the environment, and (3) as an optimization tool to optimize the design of a building or space so as to ensure safer crowd movement and evacuation. Result shows that a simulation using the magnetic force model with a pathfinding feature provides a realistic crowd simulation and the use of ABC optimization can reduce evacuation time and improve evacuation comfort. This paper is expected to provide readers with a clearer idea on how crowd models are used in ensuring safer building planning and design.
建筑结构设计中BIM技术应用实践分析与研究
Authors: 郭 强
Published: July 2020

建筑信息模型（BIM）是一种非常先进的技术，仿真性强、模拟度高，特别是在建筑结构的设计其应用效果是非常好的。并且，利用BIM技术还能够实现协同设计，能够通过更直观的方式对设计图进行呈现，同时因为BIM技术还可以对信息进行集成，能够将信息共享给相关的人员和部门，能够更加方便的对设计进行调整，获得相关的各种信息，不断对设计进行优化。
公路沥青路面预防性养护技术探讨
Authors: 李 淑明
Published: July 2020

沥青路面是目前最为常见的公路路面类型，在公路交通建设方面发挥了举足轻重的作用。沥青路面的正常使用离不开养护工作的支持。采用适当的养护方法，对公路沥青路面进行科学合理的养护，是提升公路使用寿命，减少使用风险的重要途径。基于此，文章首先说明公路沥青路面预防性养护的含义，阐释预防性养护的工作原则，并对预防性养护的相关技术进行探讨。
油田污水处理过程影响因素与改善措施
Authors: 翟 旭 , 张 宝生 , 薛 蕾
Published: July 2020

在社会发展的带动下，使得各个领域都的得到了良好的发展和壮大，从而使得大量的资源被开采和利用，油田能够为社会的发展提供大量的油气资源，所以我们需要对油田的生产给予重点关注。要想保证油田的生产效率，那么最为重要的就是要切实的落实污水处理工作，这样不但可以保证油条正常生产，并且可以起到环境保护的作用。鉴于此，这篇文章主要针对油田污水处理水质影响因素展开深入的研究分析，希望能够对油田行业的良好发展有所帮助。
大直径顶管浅埋穿越既有城市快速路地表沉降控制措施
Authors: 霍 九坤
Published: July 2020

非开挖工程技术彻底解决了管道埋设施工中对城市建筑物破坏和道路交通拥堵等问题，在稳定土层和环境保护方面凸显其优势，顶管施工属于非开挖工程施工技术一枝独秀，具有较为明显优势，随着城市地下空间的开发，管道布置也越来越密集，管径也越来越大。文章以两湖泵站周边配套管网工程（施工）项目为依托，浅谈大直径顶管浅埋穿越既有城市快速路地表沉降控制措施。
Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on lipid metabolism: through the prism of evidence from 2019.
Authors: Gubergrits N. B. , Byelyayeva N.V. , Mozhyna T. L. , Lukashevich G. M. , Fomenko P. G.
Published: July 2020

After the discovery of the method of ursodeoxycholic acid’s (UDCA) synthesis and the publication of evidence confirming its ability to reduce the lithogenic properties of bile, active clinical use of UDCA began in the world. This drug, which has pleiotropic effect (choleretic, cytoprotective, immunomodulatory, antiapoptic, litholytic, hypocholesterolemic), has proven its effectiveness in the treatment various diseases: primary biliary cholangitis, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, gallstone disease.

Being a tertiary bile acid, UDCA stimulates bile acid synthesis by reducing the circulating fibroblast growth factor 19 and inhibiting the activation of the farnesoid X-receptor (FXR), which leads to the induction of cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase, a key enzyme in the synthesis of bile acid de novo, mediating the conversion of cholesterol into bile acids. Changes in the formation of bile acids and cholesterol while taking UDCA intake is accompanied by activation of the main enzyme of cholesterol synthesis - 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR). Under the influence of UDCA the activity of stearoyl-Coa desaturase (SCD) in visceral white adipose tissue increases. According to studies conducted in 2019, UDCA improves lipid metabolism by regulating the activity of the ACT/mTOR signaling pathway, reduces the synthesis of cholesterol, decreases the fractional synthesis rate of cholesterol and the fractional synthesis rate of triglycerides. It has been proved that UDCA is accompanied by a decrease in the level of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Increased awareness enhances physician recognition of the role of smoking in chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Muniraj T. , Yadav D. , Abberbock J. N. , Alkaade S. , Amann S. T. , Anderson M. A. , Banks P. A. , Brand R. E. , Conwell D. , Cote G. A. , Forsmark C. E. , Gardner T. B. , Gelrud A. , Guda N. , Lewis M. D. , Romagnuolo J. , Sandhu B. S. , Sherman S. , Singh V. K. , Slivka A. , Tang G. , Whitcomb D. C. , Wilcox C. M.
Published: July 2020

Background: We have previously reported that physicians under-recognize smoking as a chronic pancreatitis (CP) risk factor. We hypothesized that availability of empiric data will influence physician recognition of this relationship.

Methods: We analyzed data from 508 CP patients prospectively enrolled in the North American Pancreatitis Study-2 Continuation and Validation (NAPS2-CV) or NAPS2-Ancillary (AS) studies (2008–2014) from 26 US centers who self-reported ever-smoking. Information on smoking status, physician-defined etiology and identification of smoking as a CP risk factor was obtained from structured patient and physician questionnaires. We compared how often physician identified smoking as a CP risk factor in NAPS2-CV/NAPS2-AS studies with NAPS2-original study (2000–2006).

Results: Enrolling physician identified smoking as a risk factor in significantly (all p< 0.001) greater proportion of patients in NAPS2-CV/AS studies when compared with NAPS2-original study among ever (80.7 vs. 45.3%), current (91.3 vs. 53%), past (60.3 vs. 30.2%) smokers, in those who smoked ≤1 pack/day (79.3 vs. 39.5%) or ≥1 packs/day (83 vs. 49.8%). In multivariable analyses, the enrolling physician was 3.32–8.49 times more likely to cite smoking as a CP risk factor in the NAPS2-CV/NAPS2-AS studies based on smoking status and amount after controlling for age, sex, race and alcohol etiology. The effect was independent of enrolling site in a sub-analysis limited to sites participating in both phases of enrollment.

Conclusions: Availability of empiric data likely enhanced physician recognition of the association between smoking and CP. Wide-spread dissemination of this information could potentially curtail smoking rates in subjects with and those at risk of CP.
Complications of pancreatitis: features of the course and tactics of treatment
Authors: Hontsariuk D. A. , Patratii M. V.
Published: July 2020

The aim of this article is to draw attention of gastroenterologists, surgeons and primary care physicians to the features of the course of pancreatitis complications, which tend to have an acute course and are a complex process that causes medical errors and life tragedies.

The importance of complications of pancreatitis such as cysts, pseudocysts, fistulas, cholestatic syndrome, portal hypertension syndrome, bleeding from varicose veins of the esophagus, stomach and erosive-ulcerative secondary gastroduodenal processes is emphasized.

Attention is focused on the mechanisms of development of these complications, features of the clinical course, management tactics of such patients, depending on the location of the complications, which is important for the treatment strategy (conservative or surgical). The peculiarities of the clinical picture of the syndrome of compression of neighboring organs, thrombosis of the hepatic and splenic veins, biliodigestive bleeding, including hemobilia, bleeding from the large and small duodenal papilla, are directly related to the analytical approach regarding the diagnosis of these complications. Angiographic techniques are considered to be the most effective diagnostic techniques, which include celiacography, upper mesentericography, percutaneous and transhepatic portography. It is indicated that on their basis, techniques for stopping bleeding have been developed, namely endovascular catheter hemostasis.
Pancreatology: debunked myths
Authors: Gubergrits N. B. , Byelyayeva N. V.
Published: July 2020

Enzyme replacement therapy is not always effective enough upon exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. One of the main reasons is myths — doctors’ misconceptions about the indications and rules of replacement therapy.

In particular, there is an outdated opinion about the effectiveness of tablet enzyme preparations used for the relief of pancreatic pain. However, a number of evidence-based studies have proved that enzyme preparations are not effective enough to relieve pain in chronic pancreatitis, and thus should not be used for this purpose. This statement is recorded in the United European Gastroenterology evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis and therapy of chronic pancreatitis, as well as in the recommendations of the American College of Gastroenterology. In addition, tablet preparations are characterized by asynchronism of the passage of the chyme and the tablet along the digestive tract.

The second myth is that drugs without an acid-resistant coat start hydrolyzing the components of the chyme in the stomach, which ensures higher efficiency as compared to Creon. But in the absence of a coat, enzymes are inactivated in the acidic environment of the stomach and cannot have any effect at all.

The third myth is that enzyme preparations always cause constipation. In fact, constipation occurs in no more than 10% of cases. They are usually associated with an overdose of the drug, concomitant pathology or insufficient compliance.

The fourth myth is that prescribing the doses of enzyme preparations indicated in the European Guidelines causes addiction. It is crucial to know that such doses do not exceed 10% of the pancreas’s own capacities, therefore, they cannot significantly affect these capabilities, which is also demonstrated by evidence-based studies.

The fifth myth is that patients gain weight because of enzyme preparations, and they should not be prescribed upon overweight and obesity. Numerous data firmly show that pancreatic insufficiency often occurs in such cases, and enzyme preparations are required.

The sixth myth is that a drug with a different composition can be produced under the usual established product name. For example, NEO is added to the name to “mask” a drug with a new composition. Doctors should carefully monitor the composition of such drugs.

The seventh myth is that a minimicrospherical preparation (Creon) is as effective as microspherical preparation. However, this statement turned out to be a myth as well. Minimicrospherical preparations are proved to be significantly more effective in clinical practice.

Thus, the above-mentioned myths, like many others, are based on insufficient knowledge in the field of pancreatology.
Liver fibrosis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment prospects
Authors: Tsymmerman Ya. S.
Published: July 2020

The review discusses one of the common problems of modern gastroenterology, namely liver fibrosis. Given the lack of a generally accepted definition of liver fibrosis, some of the most successful definitions of this clinical and morphological condition are given first. The main factors triggering a cascade of pathological reactions of fibrogenesis (accumulation of extracellular matrix, stellate cells activation) are considered, and typical triggers (viral hepatitis B, C, hepatotoxins, oxidative stress) of this process are listed. The role of stellate cells in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis is highlighted. The diagnosis of liver fibrosis is described in detail, the key role of puncture biopsy with subsequent histological assessment according to the METAVIR scale, Klodell index, is emphasized. The existing disadvantages of the liver puncture biopsy are listed, the advantages of using serological tests to determine the degree of fibrogenesis activity (FibroTest and FibroMax panels), as well as modern imaging study based on assessing the degree of density of the liver tissue, namely elastography, are presented. A comparative assessment of the therapeutic capabilities of modern drugs with antifibrotic features is given. The possibility of using various hepatoprotectors (ursodeoxycholic acid, phosphatidylcholine, silymarin), corticosteroids, antiviral drugs (interferon, ribavirin), other medications (vitamin E, colchicine, pentoxifylline, decorin), and genetic engineering to inhibit fibrogen activity was considered. The probability of malignant transformation of fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular liver carcinoma is emphasized.
LESSONS LEARNT FOR THE INDONESIAN MILITARY LEADERS FROM GENERAL PERICLES’ STRATEGIC-TRANSFORMATIVE LEADERSHIP
Authors: Widodo Wibawanto Nugroho
Published: July 2020

For a nation to be great, such a nation shall have great and professional military leaders which are contextual to the time and social context of their nation. That is why Indonesian military leaders need to take some lesson-learned from historical records of great military leaders, one of them is the strategic and transformative leadership of General Pericles, an Athenian General.  Therefore, this article analyzes about Pericles’ great leadership, especially in what ways and how to measure it. The data corpus of this study is “The Landmark Thucydides: A Comprehensive Guide to the Peloponnesian War” by Thucydides. The research uses qualitative study and critical review on related archival documentation. All data collected is validated by cross-checking with other credible open sources about the life and leadership records of General Pericles. The qualitative analysis uses to examine three main variables that are critical to his strategic-transformative leadership: his grand strategy (strategic mindset); his dedication to the highest level of life for Athenian citizens (altruistic mindset and heart); and his statesmanship, generalship, leadership (his leadership traits). The main International Relations theories used for examining General Pericles’s leadership are the theory of realism and institutionalism coupled with personality analysis of General Pericles himself. This article lays out the answer to the two thesis questions. This article proves that as a realist and visionary leader, Pericles’s leadership was central to the Athenian greatness in terms of its political, social, demographic, and military affairs, that successfully brought his nation to the global height. Putting in the current Indonesian context, this strategic-transformative leadership is important for any Indonesian military leaders to possess since any great nations shall have great and professional military leaders which are contextual to the time and social context of their nation.
Cervical cancer screening for individuals at average risk: 2020 guideline update from the American Cancer Society
Authors: Fontham Elizabeth T. H. , Wolf Andrew M. D. , Church Timothy R. , Etzioni Ruth , Flowers Christopher R. , Herzig Abbe , Guerra Carmen E. , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Shih Ya‐Chen Tina , Walter Louise C. , Kim Jane J. , Andrews Kimberly S. , DeSantis Carol E. , Fedewa Stacey A. , Manassaram‐Baptiste Deana , Saslow Debbie , Wender Richard C. , Smith Robert A.
Published: July 2020

The American Cancer Society (ACS) recommends that individuals with a cervix initiate cervical cancer screening at age 25 years and undergo primary human papillomavirus (HPV) testing every 5 years through age 65 years (preferred); if primary HPV testing is not available, then individuals aged 25 to 65 years should be screened with cotesting (HPV testing in combination with cytology) every 5 years or cytology alone every 3 years (acceptable) (strong recommendation). The ACS recommends that individuals aged >65 years who have no history of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or more severe disease within the past 25 years, and who have documented adequate negative prior screening in the prior 10 years, discontinue all cervical cancer screening (qualified recommendation). These new screening recommendations differ in 4 important respects compared with the 2012 recommendations: 1) The preferred screening strategy is primary HPV testing every 5 years, with cotesting and cytology alone acceptable where access to US Food and Drug Administration‐approved primary HPV testing is not yet available; 2) the recommended age to start screening is 25 years rather than 21 years; 3) primary HPV testing, as well as cotesting or cytology alone when primary testing is not available, is recommended starting at age 25 years rather than age 30 years; and 4) the guideline is transitional, ie, options for screening with cotesting or cytology alone are provided but should be phased out once full access to primary HPV testing for cervical cancer screening is available without barriers. Evidence related to other relevant issues was reviewed, and no changes were made to recommendations for screening intervals, age or criteria for screening cessation, screening based on vaccination status, or screening after hysterectomy. Follow‐up for individuals who screen positive for HPV and/or cytology should be in accordance with the 2019 American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology risk‐based management consensus guidelines for abnormal cervical cancer screening tests and cancer precursors.
Clinico-Pathological Findings of Bangladeshi Covid 19 Patients with their Clinical Outcome: Study of A Cohort of 201 Cases
Authors: Ahmed Nasir Uddin , Islam Md Azizul , Kabir Md Anwarul , Rahman Md Habibur , Sadat SM Anwar
Published: July 2020

Introduction: COVID-19 is a major threat to human beings. Clinical characterization, rapid identification of cases and isolation are vital for containments of rapidly spreading disease. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the clinico pathologic profile of Covid 19 positive Bangladeshi patients and also to see their clinical outcome within defined period. Methods: This cohort study on 201 Bangladeshi cases was done in Combined Military Hospital, a tertiary level hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh from April 2020 to May 2020. Total 201 COVID-19 cases were enrolled after getting the result positive for RT-PCR. After collection, data were analysed to show the characteristics of Covid 19 and their outcome after treatment.

Results: Among 201 cases, 180 (90%) were male and 21 (10%) were female. The most prevalent affected age groups were 71 (35.5%) patients in 26-35 years age, 54 (27%) in 16- 25 years, 49 (24.5%) in 35-45 years. Mean age is 32.2±2. Among the total cases, 146 (73%) have positive history of contact, 37 (18.5%) have no history of any contact, 8 (4%) denied any contact with COVID-19 patients. Regarding clinical presentations, 67 (33.5%) patients presented with only one symptoms, 125 (62.5%) had multiple symptoms and 9 (4.5%) cases were asymptomatic. 154 (77%) patients presented with fever. Other presentations were cough 71 (35.5%), headache 27 (13.5%), myalgia 25 (12.5%), sore throat 25 (12.5%), malaise 15 (7.5%), respiratory distress 11 (5.5%). Respiratory system was the dominant domain of clinical presentation. Leukopenia was presented by 12 patients and 12 had lymphopenia. 18 patients had mild thrombocytopenia. Pulse oxymetry showed oxygen saturation below 88% in 12 cases. After oxygen therapy 7 cases were improved and 5 cases were shifted to Corona ICU as their saturation fell below 70. These 5 patients are categorised as severe disease, rest 196 patients were mild in nature.

Conclusion: COVID 19 affects male more than female. Common symptoms are fever, cough, headache, myalgia, sore throat, malaise, respiratory distress. Respiratory system is the dominant domain of clinical presentation. ICU support was needed in 2.5 % cases and death rate was 1% which was associated with comorbidity of CKD.

J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2020; 38(0): 37-42
Re-purposive Use of Drugs in COVID-19: A Wake-up Call
Authors: Rahim Muhammad Abdur , Mostafi Mamun
Published: July 2020

Abstract not available

J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2020; 38(0): 3-4
COVID-19 and Dengue Combination Dilemma: A Case of Probable Dengue False Positivity in a COVID 19 Patient
Authors: Islam Mohammad Rafiqul , Hossan Alamgir , Uddin MM Nasir , Hasan Md Tanvir
Published: July 2020

A 58-year-old diabetic and hypertensive patient showed symptoms of fever for seven days with cough and irritation in throat for the same duration. He did not complain of any headache, shivering, confusion, breathlessness, tastelessness or smell abnormalities. His first RT-PCR for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and IgM for dengue were both positive. His first PCV value and platelet value were normal on seventh and ninth day respectively. False positive serology for dengue may happen in COVID 19 cases.

J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2020; 38(0): 133-135
Doctors died of Suspected COVID-19
Authors: Editor in Chief -
Published: July 2020

Abstract not available

J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2020; 38(0): 151
Vitamin D3 supplementation on plasma antioxidant enzymes in D3 deficient patients with COPD - a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Anjum Salma , Ali Taskina , Bennoor Kazi Saifuddin , Hossain Md Ali , Islam Md Saiful , Mahmud Maksuda Bintey , Hassan Samia , Nahar Salsa Bil , Rosy Sharkia Khanam , Sultana Naznin , Akter Khalada
Published: July 2020

Background: Free radical is a crucial factor for progression of COPD. Antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) have been well known to reduce morbidity of chronic disease. Vitamin D3 has antioxidant effect in human body.

Objectives: To assess the effects of D3 supplementation on plasma SOD and CAT levels in D3 deficient COPD patients.

Method: A double blinded placebo controlled randomized clinical trial was carried out on 30 vitamin D3 deficient male, smoker and stable COPD patients of age >40 years. All the patients were randomly allocated to ‘Study’ (n=15) or ‘Control’ (n=15) and their baseline plasma SOD and CAT were measured. Study patients received 80,000 IU (2 oral capsules) of D3 per week for first 13 weeks. Subsequently, after checking their serum 25(OH)D or Ca2+, they received 40,000 IU (1 oral capsule) of D3 either per 1 week or per 2 weeks or per 6 weeks or no further supplementation for next 13 weeks. All the ‘Control’ patients received two oral capsules of placebo weekly for consecutive 26 weeks. Additionally, all patients of both groups were also advised to have sunlight exposure (within 11 to 14 hrs) at least for 5 to 15 minutes daily. After 26 weeks of follow up, both enzymes, serum 25(OH)D or Ca2+of all patients were measured by spectrophotometry. Data were analyzed by paired sample and independent sample ‘t’ test.

Results: The baseline plasma SOD (14.80±3.86U/ml vs 11.95±4.03U/ml) and CAT (11.0±7.59U/ml vs14.41±4.83U/ml) in study and control was almost similar (p>0.05). However, the mean SOD (18.98±2.98U/ml) and CAT (32.75±9.70U/ml) significantly increased (p<0.01; p<0.001) after 26 weeks of follow up only in ‘Study’ patients. In addition, both enzymes were significantly (p<0.001) higher in the D3 supplemented patients than those of placebo treated patients after 26 weeks of follow up.

Conclusion: The present study reveals that vitamin D3 supplementation increases the plasma antioxidant enzymes in D3 deficient patients with COPD.

Trial registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT04011930

J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2020, June; 15(1): 23-32
Rehabilitation Infrastructure and Services in a Tertiary Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan Md Israt , Mohammed Emran - , Md Atiquzzaman - , Hossain Md Shahadat , Morshed Taufiq , Newaz Fatema , Banik Amitav , Hasan Abu Saleh Mohammad Mainul
Published: July 2020

Background: Rehabilitation Medicine is the focal point on the refurbishment of the health and function, and reintegration of the patient into the community. Since inception, department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PMR) is dispensing state of the art services despite its fewer resources.

Objective: To anticipate a brief recapitulation of the infrastructure of Rehabilitation medicine and its' services as well as demographic data and, disease pattern among the patients dealt by it in a Tertiary Hospital.

Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study executed in the department of PMR of Kurmitola General Hospital, Dhaka from January 2019 to December 2019.

Results: Currently 4 Rehabilitation Physicians (Physiatrist) and 3 Physical Therapists, are involved in indoor, outdoor and, specialized PMR services with 4 indoor beds. Total thirty four thousands seven hundred thirty six (n=34,736) patients were studied who received our services, among them 35.62% were male and 64.38% were female. 16% of patients were under 20 years of age, about 61% of patients belong to 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th decades and 23% were above 60 years of age. Nonspecific Low Back Pain (NSLBP) were 23.80%, 8.29% Neck pain, cervical spondylosis11.15%, lumbar spondylosis 11.52%, frozen shoulder 9.83%, PLID 7.39%, osteoarthritis 9.15%, facial palsy 0.53%, rheumatoid arthritis 4.47%, seronegative spondyloarthopathy 1.26%, Guillain-Barre` Syndrome (GBS) 0.15%, planter fasciitis 4.68%, 2.10 % postsurgical/post-traumatic stiffness and others were 5.13%.

Conclusion: It is time demand to build more infrastructures country wide to improve physical medicine and rehabilitation services for the country people.

KYAMC Journal Vol. 11, No.-2, July 2020, Page 62-66
Emergence of Colistin Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria in a Tertiary Care Rural Hospital in 2019
Authors: Ahmed Abdullah Akhtar , Juyee Nusrat Akhtar , Hasan SM Ali
Published: July 2020

Background: Colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria is a rapidly emerging global threatgenerated a sense of public alarm.

Objective: To combat this challenge a study was designedto evaluate the fast spreading infections by colistin-resistant pathogens in the tertiary care rural hospital of Bangladesh.

Materials and Methods: To study isolation ofpathogenic gram-negative bacilli,clinical sample (n-640) of hospitalized patients of Khwaja Yunus Ali Medical College Hospital in Enayetpur, Bangladesh during the 1st quarter of the year 2019 were used. The bacterial isolates were screened for meropenem and colistin-resistance.

Results: A total of 156 bacterial isolates were studied which included Escherichia coli (n-112), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n-14), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n-27), and Salmonella typhi (n-3). Antibiotic sensitivity testing showed that 32/156(20%) and 119/156 (76%) isolates were resistant to meropenem and colistin, respectively. whereas 50/156 (32%) isolates were resistant to both antibiotics. Escherichia coli, K. pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhi isolates respectivelywere 112/156 (72%), 14/156 (9%). 27/156 (17%), and 3/156 (2%).

Conclusion: Colistin is typically used as salvage therapy, or last-line treatment, for MDR gramnegative infections.But there is worrisome therapeutic scenario in our study finding of colistin resistance is 76% in Gram-negative bacteria of the clinical isolates. The restricted and rational use of colistin drug is the need of hour.

KYAMC Journal Vol. 11, No.-2, July 2020, Page 87-90
HIV e gestação em adolescentes e adultas jovens: perfil epidemiológico e fatores associados à transmissão
Authors: Oliveira Evaldo Hipólito de , Lima Hildeneide Rocha , Verde Roseane Mara Cardoso Lima , Holanda Elison Costa , Sousa Francisco das Chagas Araújo , Andrade Sâmia Moreira de
Published: July 2020

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalência da infecção pelo Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV) e fatores de risco associados a transmissão em gestantes de uma maternidade pública do Piauí. O ponto de corte foi de outubro de 2015 e junho de 2016, onde foram coletados dados de 412 gestantes com até 26 anos de idade, relacionados a características sociodemográficas, fatores associados a infecção, e fatores obstétricos e ginecológicos. Foi verificado a presença de correlações por meio do teste Qui quadrado (χ2), estabelecendo um nível de significância inferior 5% (p < 0,05). A prevalência da infecção pelo vírus do HIV entre as gestantes foi de 2,2%. Existiu associação significativa entre a infecção materna pelo HIV e o uso de drogas ilícitas (p=0,027), uso de drogas ilícitas endovenosas (p=0,02) e aborto (p=0,005). Em contrapartida, não houve significância na associação com outros fatores, como faixa etária, ocupação, número de parceiros e orientação sexual da gestante. Com isso, observou-se que a prevalência de gestantes com HIV na maternidade em questão é consideravelmente alta. Além disso, a grande parte dessas gestantes se encontraram em estado de vulnerabilidade social.
In silico evaluation of the inhibitory effect of antiretrovirals Atazanavir and Darunavir on the main protease of SARS-CoV-2: docking studies and molecular dynamics
Authors: Silva José Danilo de Sousa , Leite Samuel da Costa , Silva Maria Thalita Sobral da , Meirelles Lyghia Maria Araújo , Andrade Anderson Wilbur Lopes
Published: July 2020

SARS-CoV-2 is part of an RNA virus family described again in 2019, causing the Covid-19 disease. The integration of computational strategies is of great importance in the identification and development of promising new compounds. Atazanavir and Darunavir, were designed to combat resistance to mutant drugs mainly by increasing the number of polar interactions with the main atoms in the HIV protease chain. This study aims to assess the molecular interaction of the drugs Atazanavir and Darunavir with the main SARS-CoV-2 protease through docking and molecular dynamics studies. This is a descriptive, experimental study with a qualitative and quantitative approach on the subject. For that, using the programs BIOVIA Discovery Studio, PyMol, AutoDock Tools 1.5.6, AutoDock Vina, the modeling and simulation of the anchoring of the drug at the action site were carried out. Lower scores were demonstrated, with -7.0 (Darunavir) the closest to the UAW 247 Inhibitor. It is possible to notice that the drugs showed similar residual bonds, also, in relation to the protease structure, the closest tested molecule was Atazanavir. Taking into account the stability of the RMSD values, it is valid to infer that in relation to the UAW 247 inhibitor, the drug Atazanavir is the one that best resembles, unlike Darunavir, which presents greater variations. The two drugs fit into the binding site mainly due to electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds. Atazanavir is the most similar to molecular activity, and Darunavir is the one with the best anchoring score.
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) in Children and Adolescents With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: GAMROT Z , ADAMCZYK P , ŚWIĘTOCHOWSKA E , ROSZKOWSKA-BJANID D , GAMROT J , SZCZEPAŃSKA M
Published: July 2020

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is one of the members of endocrine arm of FGF family. Its actions as a glucose and lipids metabolism regulator are widely known. Although the mechanism of FGF21 action in kidneys is still under investigation, FGF21 was considered as a marker of early kidney function decline. While many researchers focused on adult subjects in this matter, there are no data regarding children. Therefore, we have investigated the relationship between plasma or urine FGF21 levels and kidney function in a group of 42 pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Anthropometrical parameters and blood pressure were taken, routine biochemical tests were performed. The concentration of FGF21 in serum and urine was determined by enzyme immunoassay. The results revealed significantly higher serum FGF21 concentration among children from CKD group. However, serum FGF21 level was not related to gender, proteinuria, eGFR or renal replacement therapy. Urine FGF21 concentration correlated negatively with albuminuria and positively with eGFR. Documented negative correlation of FGF21 fractional excretion and eGFR is not enough to support the role of FGF21 as a biomarker for predicting kidney disease progression in children and adolescents. Other mechanisms including local kidney FGF21 production or enhanced excretion due to higher extrarenal production may result in higher urine FGF21 concentrations.
Transformation of High-Tech Distinctive Competencies through International Joint Ventures: A Case Study in the Saudi Petrochemical Industry
Authors: Alankari Hanan
Published: July 2020

In the present era of globalization, every business entity in developed and developing economies are relying on technology to advance its production or service processes. The technological race is revolutionizing the aspects of product or service production system even most business organizations may not typically consider high-tech operations. Although technology-oriented organizations may produce very different products or services to sustain their differentiation and leadership in the market. These organizations when developing their business model and strategies may have more emphasis to build their high-tech capacity to sustain their position in the competitive market, particularly in the Saudi-based petrochemical industry. For this purpose, Saudi-based organizations attempt to obtain high-tech distinctive competencies across their national border by using the option of international joint ventures. These choices may allow them and partner firms to take advantage of national differences in terms of cost and quality factors of production such as labor, energy, land, and capital, which permits these organizations to lower their cost structures and boost oval profitability.
Influence Maximization with Priority in Online Social Networks
Authors: Pham Canh V. , Ha Dung K. T. , Vu Quang C. , Su Anh N. , Hoang Huan X.
Published: July 2020

The Influence Maximization (IM) problem, which finds a set of k nodes (called seedset) in a social network to initiate the influence spread so that the number of influenced nodes after propagation process is maximized, is an important problem in information propagation and social network analysis. However, previous studies ignored the constraint of priority that led to inefficient seed collections. In some real situations, companies or organizations often prioritize influencing potential users during their influence diffusion campaigns. With a new approach to these existing works, we propose a new problem called Influence Maximization with Priority (IMP) which finds out a set seed of k nodes in a social network to be able to influence the largest number of nodes subject to the influence spread to a specific set of nodes U (called priority set) at least a given threshold T in this paper. We show that the problem is NP-hard under well-known IC model. To find the solution, we propose two efficient algorithms, called Integrated Greedy (IG) and Integrated Greedy Sampling (IGS) with provable theoretical guarantees. IG provides a 1−(1−1k)t-approximation solution with t is an outcome of algorithm and t≥1. The worst-case approximation ratio is obtained when t=1 and it is equal to 1/k. In addition, IGS is an efficient randomized approximation algorithm based on sampling method that provides a 1−(1−1k)t−ϵ-approximation solution with probability at least 1−δ with ϵ>0,δ∈(0,1) as input parameters of the problem. We conduct extensive experiments on various real networks to compare our IGS algorithm to the state-of-the-art algorithms in IM problem. The results indicate that our algorithm provides better solutions interns of influence on the priority sets when approximately give twice to ten times higher than threshold T while running time, memory usage and the influence spread also give considerable results compared to the others.
Evaluation of the Relationship between Adipose Metabolism Patterns and Secretion of Appetite-Related Endocrines on Chicken
Authors: Chuang Wen Yang , Hsieh Yun Chen , Chen Li Wei , Lee Tzu-Tai
Published: July 2020

In addition to the influence of genes, the quality of poultry products is mainly controlled by the rearing environment or feed composition during rearing, and has to meet human use and economical needs. As the only source of energy for poultry, feed considerably affects the metabolic pattern of poultry and further affects the regulation of appetite-related endocrine secretion in poultry. Under normal circumstances, the accumulation of lipid in adipose reduces feed intake in poultry and increases the rate of adipose metabolism. When the adipose content in cells decreases, endocrines that promote food intake are secreted and increase nutrient concentrations in serum and cells. By regulating the balance between appetite and adipose metabolism, the poultry’s growth and posture can maintain a balanced state. In addition, increasing fiber composition in feed can effectively increase poultry welfare, body weight, lean composition and antioxidant levels in poultry. According to this, the concept that proper fiber content should be added to feed should be considered for better economic benefits, poultry welfare and meat productivity.
Effects of Diets Containing Finger Millet Straw and Corn Straw on Growth Performance, Plasma Metabolites, Immune Capacity, and Carcass Traits in Fattening Lambs
Authors: Chen Xiaoyong , Mi Hao , Cui Kai , Zhou Rongyan , Tian Shujun , Zhang Leying
Published: July 2020

As the byproduct of finger millet, millet straw is a new forage resource of ruminants. The effect of the combined utilization of millet straw with corn straw on fattening lamb production is seldom reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different proportions of millet straw instead of corn straw on the growth performance, blood metabolites, immune response, meat yield, and quality of fattening lamb. Sixty-three-month-old healthy Small-Tailed Han sheep crossbred rams with an average initial weight of 19.28 ± 2.95 kg were randomly divided into four groups, with three replicates in each group and five lambs in each replicate. The replacement ratio of millet straw of each group (Group I, II, III, IV) was 0%, 25%, 35%, 50% at the first stage (the first two months) and 0%, 20%, 28%, 40% in the second period (final two months), respectively. The experiment lasted 4 months 10 days of the pre-feeding period. The results indicated that the body weight gain and average daily gain of group Ⅱ were significantly higher than those of group Ⅰ and group Ⅳ (p < 0.05). The concentration of total protein in group Ⅳ was significantly increased compared to those of the other three groups at the second stage (p < 0.05), which proved that the protein synthesis metabolism capacity was improved with the addition of millet straw. The concentration of the plasma glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and lactic dehydrogenase of lambs was significantly decreased in group Ⅱ (p < 0.05). The combination of millet straw and corn straw had no impact on the glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides metabolism (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the pre-slaughter weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage, loin-eye area, and GR value among the four groups (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the immune response and meat quality were not impacted by the different proportions of millet and corn forage diets. The results showed that the combined utilization of millet straw with corn straw could improve the blood biochemistry metabolism capability of fattening lambs. The replacement of 50% of corn straw with millet straw could improve the growth performance and be an application in fattening lamb production.