bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of the Latvian peat industry over the last 100 years
Authors:   University of Latvia, Krigere Ingrida
Published: December 2020

Various economic, political and social developments influenced the development of the peat extraction industry in Latvia during the 20th century. In comparison with some other European countries, where peat had been used for the needs of the energy sector for several centuries, the development of peat industry in Latvia was somewhat different. The aim of this study was to find out the nature of the development of the peat industry based on an analysis of historical information and a comparison of advantages over other European countries. In order to understand the changes and factors influencing the development of the peat industry in Latvia, it was necessary to identify and evaluate peat extraction volumes, changes in peat use purposes and technologies, as well as factors influencing the industry’s development. A comparison of historical data on peat industry development in Latvia and in other European countries reveals a number of differences. Latvia was the first country in Europe to restructure peat extraction from using peat for energy to extracting and processing it for horticultural needs. Large amounts of peat were used for combustion in Latvia only for a relatively short time: between 1960 and 1990. Peat extraction decreased significantly in 1992 – a time when export markets were beginning to develop. Since 2003, more than 90% of extracted peat has been exported, mainly for the horticultural peat market.
Analisis diskriminan faktor kecemasan karyawan menghadapi dampak Pandemi Covid-19: Kasus perusahaan manufacturing dan jasa survey
Authors: San Setiawan , Atikno Welly , Suratno Suratno
Published: December 2020

At the beginning of 2020 the world was shocked by the corona virus pandemic (Covid-19) which infected almost all countries in the world. In Indonesia this has an impact on the manufacturing industry sector and survey services. Through this phenomenon, researchers want to look at human psychological factors, how anxious they are about the impact of covid-19, which can lead to potential infection, reduced personal income, companies going bankrupt, massive layoffs, reduced need for staples, and communication between employees which is obstructed. The study design used a cross sectional approach by distributing questionnaires to 220 employees, from the manager, supervisor and staff level using the Discriminant analysis method so that the discriminant function to determine the level of anxiety evaluation was D = -0.003 + 0.634x1 + 0.696x3 - 0.520x4 + 0.168 x5 - 0.864x7.
A rare case of acute myocardial infarction, related to mobile papillary fibroelastoma of the aortic valve
Authors: Tang Zhuoqin , Liu Mei , Huang He
Published: December 2020

We present a case of a 75-year-old woman with typical myocardial
infarction, however coronary angiogram was negative. Echocardiography
identified the rare cause of chest pain, as a mobile mass of aortic
valve was found to obstruct the coronary ostium. histopathology revealed
a papillary fibroelastoma (PFE). Chest pain was relieved after surgical
resection of the mass.
Rainfall-Runoff Modeling Using NRCS-CN method and GIS approach
Authors: Verma Rekha , Husain Azhar , Sharif Mohammed
Published: December 2020

Rainfall-Runoff modeling is a hydrological modeling which is extremely
important for water resources planning, development, and management. In
this paper, Natural Resource Conservation Service-Curve Number (NRCS-CN)
method along with Geographical Information System (GIS) approach was
used to evaluate the runoff resulting from the rainfall of four
stations, namely, Bilodra, Kathlal, Navavas and Rellawada of Sabarmati
River basin. The rainfall data were taken for 10 years (2005-2014). The
curve number which is the function of land use, soil and antecedent
moisture condition (AMC) was generated in GIS platform. The CN value
generated for AMC- I, II and III were 57.29, 75.39 and 87.77
respectively. Using NRCS-CN method, runoff depth was calculated for all
the four stations. The runoff depth calculated with respect to the
rainfall for Bilodra, Kathlal, Navavas and Rellawada shows a good
correlation of 0.96. The computed runoff was compared with the observed
runoff which depicted a good correlation of 0.73, 0.70, 0.76 and 0.65
for the four stations. This method results in speedy and precise
estimation of runoff from a watershed.
Zebrafish modeling mimics developmental phenotype of patients with RAPGEF1 mutation
Authors: Li Na , Zhou Pei , Yang Miaomiao , Fang Xiang , Krämer Nadine , Mughal Tauqeer Ahmed , Abbassi Ansar , Kaindl Angela , Hu Hao
Published: December 2020

RAPGEF1 is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor responsible for
transmitting extracellular signals to the Ras family of GTPase located
at the inside of membrane. Here, we report for the first time a
homozygous mutation of RAPGEF1 in a consanguineous family with two
siblings affected by neuropsychiatric disorder. To confirm the
correlation of the mutation and the phenotype, we utilized in silico
analysis and established a zebrafish model. Survival rate was reduced in
the rapgef1a-knockdown model, and the zebrafish showed global
morphological abnormalities, particularly of brain and blood vessels.
Co-application of human RAPGEF1 wildtype mRNA effectively rescued the
abnormal phenotype, while that of RAPGEF1 mRNA carrying the human
mutation did not. This work is the first report of a human Mendelian
disease associated with RAPGEF1 and the first report of a zebrafish
model built for this gene. The phenotype of zebrafish model provides
further evidence that defective RAPGEF1 may lead to global developmental
delay in human patients.
Disparities in the survival of endometrial cancer patients in a public healthcare system: A population-based cohort study.
Authors: Helpman Limor , Pond Gregory , Elit Laurie , Anderson Laura , Kong Iwa , Schnarr Kara , Seow Hsien
Published: December 2020

Objective: Social determinants of health (SDH) have been shown to
correlate with adverse cancer outcomes. It is unclear if their impact
goes beyond behavioral risk or healthcare access. We aimed to evaluate
the association of SDH with endometrial cancer outcomes in a public
healthcare system. Design and Setting: A retrospective cohort study of
endometrial cancer patients in Ontario, Canada. Population: Women
diagnosed with endometrial cancer in Ontario between 2009-2017. Methods:
Clinical and sociodemographic variables were extracted from
administrative databases. Validated marginalization scores for material
deprivation, residential instability and ethnic concentration were used.
Associations between marginalization and survival were evaluated using
log-rank testing and Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: 20228
women with endometrial cancer were identified. Fewer patients in
marginalized communities presented with early disease (70% vs. 76%,
p<0.001) and received surgery (89% vs. 93%,
p<0.001). Overall survival was shorter among marginalized
patients (p<0.001). On multivariable analysis adjusted for
patient and disease factors, overall marginalization (HR=1.22, 95% CI
1.03-1.08), material deprivation (HR=1.22, 95% CI 1.10-1.35) and
residential instability (HR=1.32, 95% CI 1.19-1.46) were associated
with increased risk of death (p<0.001). Conclusions:
Socioeconomic marginalization is associated with an increased risk of
death in endometrial cancer patients. Targetable events in the cancer
care pathway should be identified to improve health equity Funding: This
study was supported by a grant (#RD-196) from the Hamilton Health
Sciences Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Center Foundation Keywords:
uterine cancer, endometrial cancer, social determinants of health
Drawing Methods for Lowest Energy Boat and Pentane Conformations
Authors:   Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 S. Tucker Dr., Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, United States, Hussaini Syed R. , Secka Jim ,   Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 S. Tucker Dr., Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, United States
Published: December 2020

Pentane and boat conformations help predict and understand the stereochemical outcome of several chemical reactions. This report presents two methods that teach the processes of drawing the lowest energy boat conformations and pentane conformations. Both techniques use cyclohexane drawings that students learn in undergraduate organic chemistry courses. We provide step-by-step instructions for both techniques and show that implementing these methods results in improved student performance in questions related to boat and pentane conformations.
Effect of School Facilities Utilization on the Academic Performance of Secondary School Students in Wukari Metropolis, Taraba State, Nigeria
Authors:   General Studies Unit, Federal University Wukari, Nigeria, LIVALA Sunsuwa Dauda , BULUS Christian ,   General Studies Unit, Federal University Wukari, Nigeria, DAVER Tyohemba Rita ,   National Examination Council, Minna, Nigeria, LIVALA Sunsuwa Chirmikat ,   National Examination Council, Minna, Nigeria
Published: December 2020

This paper investigated the utilization of school facilities as they affect students’ academic performance in Wuakari metropolis of Taraba State. An ex-post facto research design was adopted for the study. The population of students comprise those who completed JSS3 between 2014-2017. Data for the study were collected using a School Facility Utilization Questionnaire (SFUQ) and School Facility Provision Checklist (SFPC). The results of the student were obtained from the State Ministry of Education. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive analysis while t-test was used to test the hypothesis. The findings revealed that 17 out of the 25 schools are inadequately equipped. The finding also revealed that there is sufficient utilization of facilities by teachers and students. It recommended that government and relevant stakeholders should ensure adequate provision of school facilities and put in place supervisory measures for their utilization.
The Role of Learning Analytic in Education Reform
Authors:   Wenzhou Polytechnic, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China, Dai Ruihong
Published: December 2020

In year 2009, the nascent research community of Educational Data Mining (EDM) has been found to continually and increasingly grow. Now the education data mining has become popular and deeply studied in all universities. Specially, in United Kingdom, United State, Canada, they held several conferences annually on learning analytic discussion, which is related with Educational Data Mining. Learning analytics refers to the collection of large volume of data about students in an educational setting and to analyze the data to predict the students' future performance, identify risk and provide recommendations for improvement. LA is an increasingly emerging field, it is necessary for higher education stakeholders to become more familiar with the issues related to LA's use in education. Such a paper provides a brief introduction, methods and benefits, and challenges of LA.
Role of Amphipathic α-helix and Division-related Proteins in Bacillus Subtilis
Authors:   School of life science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, Zhang Zehui , Zhang Rui ,   School of Medicine, The Capital Medial University, Beijing, China
Published: December 2020

In many bacteria, cell division is initiated by a tubulin-like protein FtsZ, which forms a ring structure known as the Z-ring at midcell. FtsA and SepF are important membrane anchor of Z-ring, which exists widely in bacteria species and binds to the membrane by a C-terminal amphipathic α-helix in a membrane potential-dependent manner. It reported that amphipathic α-helix binds to the leading edge of developing septum with an intrinsic preference. These discoveries led to a hypothesis, proteins of amphipathic helix might not only function as membrane anchor of FtsZ, but also participating the regulation of septum synthesis. Several variants were made by genetic techniques, and cell length measurements were performed by fluorescence microscopy and ImageJ. All helix variants were found viable, the amphipathic α-helix does affect the cell division but does not affect the functionality.
The dynamics of overgrowing of spawning areas of Lake Pskov, using the example of Anokhovo Bay
Authors: Mikhailova Kristina B. , Mikhalap Sergey G.
Published: December 2020

The dynamics of overgrowing of spawning grounds in the southern area of Peipsi-Pihkva Lake complex is considered, based on 28 years of observations from Anokhovo Bay. The history of the study of the water area is analyzed in detail, the species and syntaxonomic composition of plant associations in the littoral areas of the bay is described, and the dominant species are established. Over the entire observation period, the total number of macrophyte species increased by almost 2.5 times, and the number of plant associations increased approximately twofold. The area of the bay overgrown with macrophytes increased by 9.5%, with a simultaneous increase in the overgrowth density. The dominant species are common reed Phragmites australis, lakeshore bulrush Schoenoplectus lacustris, and yellow water-lily Nuphar lutea.
Hvordan kan vi forstå skandinavisk militæraktivisme?
Authors: Heier Tormod
Published: December 2020

Siden Gulfkrigen i 1991 har skandinaviske land deltatt i nesten 30 år med sammenhengende krig, på blant annet Balkan, i Afghanistan, i Irak, Libya, Mali og Syria. Hvordan kan vi forstå denne formen for militæraktivisme? Tradisjonelle teorier fra realismen, institusjonalismen og konstruktivismen gir ingen gode svar. Innenfor organisasjonsteorien derimot, finnes det forklaringer knyttet til begrepet «strategisk kultur». Ved å utforske den strategiske kulturen i USAs militære styrker under krigene i Afghanistan, Irak og Libya trer det frem et tydelig mønster: det bombes for mye på militær side, og det snakkes for lite på diplomatisk side. I USAs doktriner levnes det lite til overs for dialog, forhandling og kompromiss. Dermed blir den strategiske kulturen innad i de militære styrkene et outrert uttrykk for en krigføringsform der operasjonene ses på som et null-sum spill. Resultatet blir oftest systemkollaps i statene som angripes. Denne kulturen har store konsekvenser for små skandinaviske allianseavhengige land: knappe forsvarsressurser trekkes inn i hengemyrerer det er vanskelig å komme ut av, ikke minst fordi koalisjonslederen selv, USA, forårsaker dem.
Abstract in English:How Should Scandinavian Military Activism Be Understand?Since the 1991 Gulf War, Scandinavian states have continuously been engaged in various international operations, i.e. on the Balkans, in Afghanistan, in Iraq, Libya, Mali and Syria. How can we comprehend this peculiar form of Scandinavian military activism? Traditional theories derived from realism, institutionalism and constructivism provides few convincing explanations. Within organisational theory however, plausible explanations may be found though the concept of ‘strategic culture’. By exploring the military culture prevailing inside US forces operating in Afghanistan, Iraq and Libya, a consistent pattern arises: too much bombing from the military side, coupled with insufficient diplomatic talks. Little effort is paid to dialogue, negotiations and compromises. US warfighting thereby becomes a one-dimensional expression of a zero-sum game where the winner takes it all. The result is a collapse inside the states that are attacked. This culture has grave consequences for small Scandinavian allies: scarce military resources are trapped into a quagmire made by the coalition leader itself, the United States.
Altid beredt! Den danske ekspeditionsparathed i komparativt lys
Authors: Mouritzen Hans
Published: December 2020

Komparation med sammenlignelige lande negligeres som oftest i studier af dansk militær ’aktivisme’. Dette bidrag vil bøde på det i en analyse af Danmarks interventionsparathed med Norge og Polen som baggrundstæppe. Den konkrete situation, der studeres, er krisen vedr. begrænsede luftangreb mod Syrien i september 2013 i kølvandet på regimets formodede anvendelse af kemiske våben i Ghouta. I modsætning til de fleste allierede lod Danmark sig ikke afskrække af den kontroversielle Irak-intervention 10 år tidligere. Danmarks særlige parathed handlede mindre om lokale omstændigheder end om Danmark selv, forholdet til Washington og landets angivelige historiske ’gæld’ til USA. Det er imidlertid svært at måle en sådan gæld, ligesom det er en udfordring for superatlantismen, at Danmarks interesser er mere geografisk begrænsede end stormagten USAs.
Abstract in EnglishAlways ready! Danish intervention enthusiasm in comparative perspectiveComparison with similar countries is much neglected in studies of Danish military ‘activism’. This contribution seeks to remedy that in an analysis of Danish forces’ ’happiness both to travel and to fight’, in which Norway and Poland serve as the comparative backcloth. The specific situation under scrutiny is the crisis over limited air raids over Syria in September 2013 in the wake of the regime’s alleged use of chemical weapons in Ghouta. As distinct from most allies, Denmark was not discouraged by the controversial Iraq intervention 10 years earlier. The special Danish readiness was less about perceptions of the local conditions than about Denmark itself, its relationship to Washington and an alleged historical ‘debt’ to the US. However, not only is such debt difficult to measure; a challenge to superatlanticism is also that Danish interests are geographically more delimited than those of the US great power.
Militær aktivisme uden politisk handling. Mod en ny forståelse af aktivisme i dansk udenrigs- og sikkerhedspolitik inspireret af Hannah Arendt
Authors: Dreyer Jakob , Nissen Christine Marie Simonsen
Published: December 2020

Aktivisme bruges hyppigt blandt forskere og praktikere som en ”overordnet etikette på dansk udenrigspolitik” (Pedersen & Ringsmose, 2017, s. 339). Der er ikke konsensus om, hvornår Danmark blev aktivistisk, eller om etiketten passer lige godt på alle områder af udenrigspolitikken. Ikke desto mindre er der bred enighed om, at Danmarks militære engagement i de seneste årtier, herunder særligt deltagelsen i Irak- og Afghanistan-krigene, udgør et højdepunkt i dansk aktivisme. Vores analyse diskuterer og nuancerer denne karakteristik ved at formulere en alternativ forståelse af politisk aktivisme inspireret af Hannah Arendts politiske teori. Med vores konceptualisering gentænker vi centrale begreber i litteraturen – initiativ, risiko og deltagelse – og sondrer mellem militært engagement og egentlig politisk aktivisme. Ud fra denne begrebslige ramme genbesøger vi Danmarks krigsdeltagelse i 2000’erne. Vi argumenterer for, at dansk udenrigspolitik, selv hvad angår krigsdeltagelsen, har været reaktiv, risikoavers og med begrænset folkelig forankring og derfor mindre aktivistisk, end litteraturen hidtil har antaget. Ved at fjerne den aktivistiske etikette forsøger vi at rejse nye spørgsmål om, hvad udenrigspolitisk aktivisme fremadrettet kan og bør være.
Abstract in English:Military Activism Without Political Action? Towards a New Conception of Activism in Danish Foreign and Security Policy Inspired by Hannah ArendtActivism is frequently used by researchers and practitioners alike as “a general label on Danish foreign policy” (Pedersen & Ringsmose, 2017, p. 339, authors’ translation). There is no consensus as to when Denmark became activist or if the label is equally fitting to all foreign policy issue areas. However, there is broad agreement that the military engagements in recent decades, particularly the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, constitute a high point in Danish activism. Our analysis challenges and nuances this characterization by exploring an alternative understanding of political activism inspired by Hannah Arendt’s political theory. Our alternative concept of activism revisits the central elements of activism; initiative, risk and participation, and distinguishes between military engagement and political activism. Drawing on this conceptual framework, we revisit Denmark’s war engagements focusing on Iraq and Afghanistan in the 2000s. We argue that from a political perspective even Denmark’s war engagements have been reactive, risk averse, and with limited popular anchorage, and are therefore, less activist than hitherto argued. By tearing off the activist label we aim to revitalize the discussion about what Danish Foreign and Security policy can and should be at a time when such questions have rarely had more relevance.
Militæraktivisme brandet som fredsaktivisme? Norges kampanje for en plass i FNs sikkerhetsråd
Authors: Moss Sigrun Marie , Langford Malcolm
Published: December 2020

Hvordan håndterer Norge sin militæraktivisme og sitt NATO-medlemskap når landet vil presentere seg selv som en fredsnasjon? Problemstillingen ble aktuell i det norske utenriksdepartementets nylige kampanje for å få Norge valgt inn i FNs sikkerhetsråd, hvor ideen om Norge som fredsnasjon stod sentralt. I denne artikkelen bruker vi nasjonsbranding som et analytisk rammeverk for å forstå hvordan Norge bygget opp sin kampanje som fredsnasjon og håndterte det konkurrerende narrativet om sin rolle i krig. Som et sekundærfokus ser vi også på hvordan Norges to konkurrenter, Irland og Canada, fremstilte seg på disse to dimensjonene – som er av særinteresse da Irland ikke er NATO-medlem. For å utforske disse spørsmålene analyserer vi taler og tekster fra det norske diplomatiet og regjeringen vedrørende kampanjen, samt ser på kampanjematerialet til de tre landene. Gitt at de tre landenes profil er påfallende lik, fant vi at alle måtte forsøke å finne en måte å brande seg på som uttrykket ens særtrekk og høynet ens relevans i sammenligning med de to andre landene. I analysen av Norge ser vi at militæraktivisme stadig ble hvisket ut i løpet av den norske kampanjen og at andre tematikker ble brukt i brandingen – som for eksempel likestilling og bidrag til internasjonal utvikling. Dette skulle dermed skulle legitimere ideen om fredsnasjonen Norge, et land som alle andre kan stole på.
Abstract in English:Military Activism Branded as Peace Activism? Norway’s Campaign for a Seat on the UN Security CouncilIn seeking to present itself as a peace nation, how has Norway sought to address its military activism and NATO membership? This tension was apparent in Norway’s recent campaign for a seat on the UN Security Council, where the idea of the country as a peace nation stood central. Using nation branding as an analytical framework, we ask how Norway built and sustained this peace narrative and managed the competing narrative of its role in controversial armed conflicts. As a secondary focus, we ask how Norway’s two competitors, Ireland and Canada, presented themselves on these two axes of peace and military activism. Ireland posed a particular threat as it is not a NATO member. To explore these questions, we analyse speeches and texts from Norwegian officials regarding the campaign and examine the official campaign material from all three countries. Given that the image of all three countries was generally similar, we find that each country sought to find unique ways to brand themselves as well as countering the few specific advantages of the others. In the case of Norway, we find that during the campaign the country’s military activism was downplayed and other themes were foregrounded in the branding, such as gender equality and international development cooperation. This would legitimate the idea of Norway as a peace nation, a reliable partner that all states could trust.
Om forholdet mellom revisjonens og skattemyndighetenes vesentlighetsforståelse relatert til revisjon av skatterelevante regnskapsopplysninger
Authors: Ludvigsen Eivind , Kulset Ellen M.
Published: December 2020

Vesentlighetsbegrepet spiller en stor rolle i revisjonsfaget når revisor planlegger, gjennomfører og konkluderer på det arbeidet han har utført hos en kunde, ved at det legges til grunn at revisors arbeid er å avdekke og rapportere feil som er å regne som vesentlige enten alene eller i kombinasjon med andre feil. I dette kapittelet analyserer vi forskjellen mellom hvor stor en skatterelevant regnskapsfeil må være for at skattemyndighetene skal handle på grunnlag av den, og hvor stor den må være for at revisjonen skal være innrettet på å avdekke den, samt konsekvenser av denne forskjellen for samspillet mellom revisor og skattemyndigheter. Forskjellen er stor, unntatt for enkelte utvalgte forhold, der det i medhold av særregler om forholdet til skatteforvaltningen stilles store krav til hva revisjonen skal avdekke. Kapittelet viser at det representerer et logisk brudd i regelverket at ikke disse særreglene om hva revisjonen skal avdekke, legger til grunn likere vesentlighetsgrenser for alle de postene som reelt er skatterelevante.
Fisjon under IFRS1 – mulige regnskapsmessige løsninger2
Authors: Stenheim Tonny
Published: December 2020

I dette kapittelet diskuteres mulige regnskapsmessige løsninger for fisjon etter IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards). I motsetning til god regnskapsskikk finnes det ikke en enkelt standard eller tolkningsuttalelse under IFRS som er spesifikt innrettet mot å regulere regnskapsføring av fisjon. Derimot vil reguleringen være spredt mellom standarder og tolkningsuttalelser. I dette kapittelet diskuteres først regnskapsføring av fisjon i overtakende foretak og deretter i overdragende foretak. I de tilfeller hvor det som overtas ved fisjonen, er å anse som virksomhet, vil IFRS 3 og overtakelsesmetoden gjelde, dvs. regnskapsføring til virkelig verdi. Forutsetningen er at fisjonen ikke skjer under samme kontroll, dvs. fisjoner som verken skjer mellom selskaper innad i et konsern eller mellom selskaper under kontroll av en enkelt eier/eiergruppering. Hvis det som overtas, ikke er å anse som virksomhet, må fisjonen anses som overtakelse av eiendeler og forpliktelser (ikke virksomhet) med vederlag i aksjer. I overdragende foretak vil IFRIC 17 kunne få anvendelse. Det innebærer at utfisjoneringen skjer til virkelig verdi. Forutsetningen er at eierne likebehandles, og at fisjonen ikke skjer under samme kontroll. Hvis det ikke skjer en likebehandling, argumenteres det for at en analog anvendelse av IFRIC 17-bestemmelsene, dvs. regnskapsføring til virkelig verdi, vil gi relevant og pålitelig informasjon og dermed være en foretrukket løsning. Hvis fisjonen derimot skjer under samme kontroll, må de regnskapsmessige løsningene utledes. Her kan også løsninger etter de norske regnskapsstandardene ha relevans, slik som NRS (F) Fisjon og NRS 9 Fusjon, men da som en av flere kilder i kildehierarkiet.
Regnskapsestimater – når er dårlige vurderinger straffbare?
Authors: Kulset Ellen M. , Ludvigsen Eivind , Baksaas Kjell Magne
Published: December 2020

Regnskapslovens straffebestemmelse i § 8-5 og straffeloven § 392 gir ingen klar angivelse av når et feil regnskapsestimat blir straffbart. Revisor har ved sin gjennomgang et avklart vesentlighetsprinsipp å forholde seg til. Noe tilsvarende finnes ikke uttrykt i regnskapsloven, men teori og reelle hensyn tilsier at noe tilsvarende finnes også i regnskapsretten. Ut fra de nevnte bestemmelsenes ordlyd og forarbeider vil imidlertid ethvert avvik fra beste estimat kunne straffeforfølges, og den begrensede rettspraksisen som foreligger, gir ikke noe grunnlag for å konkludere med det motsatte. Påtalemyndighetene synes i sin praksis å legge inn en nedre grense for hva som faktisk blir straffeforfulgt, men dette belyser ikke selve straffbarheten i særlig grad og bidrar ikke til forutsigbarhet. Det er heller ingen påviselig forankring for å si at den nedre grensen som praktiseres av påtalemyndigheten, er bygget på, eller forutsetter, noe regnskapsrettslig vesentlighetsprinsipp. Det synes å være et rettssikkerhetsproblem at lovteksten favner for vidt og/eller gir for svak forutsigbarhet, samt angir straff på forhold som ikke vil bli straffeforfulgt. Rettspolitisk burde det vært inkludert et vesentlighetsbegrep i straffebestemmelsen.
Lipodistrofia Congénita Generalizada. Informe de caso
Authors: Miranda Suárez Kevin , Ochoa Andrade Miguel , Giler Natasha , Bonifaz Valverde Marco
Published: December 2020

La Lipodistrofia Congénita Generalizada o síndrome de Berardinelli – Seip, es un trastorno autosómico recesivo, con baja prevalencia a nivel mundial. Se caracteriza por lipoatrofia, características acromegaloides, hepatomegalia, hipertrigliceridemia, insulinorresistencia (criterios principales); miocardiopatía hipertrófica, deterioro intelectual, hirsutismo, pubertad precoz, quistes óseos, flebomegalia (criterios menores). Ésta patología se clasifica en 4 tipos, de acuerdo al gen alterado y por algunos síntomas característicos adicionales; tipo 1 (gen AGPAT2); tipo 2 (gen BSCL2); tipo 3 (gen CAV1); y tipo 4 (gen PTRF). Se realiza el abordaje de una adolescente que clínicamente cumple criterios clínicos diagnósticos, es necesario la verificación diagnóstica genética.
Man in a World without God
Authors: Papazu Monica
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the gulf between the Christian and the secular view of man. Anthropocentric humanism is characterized by the rejection of the natural (moral) law, which has been supplanted by law positivism. So-called rights are disconnected from the moral law and from the moral duties from which they derive. As the idea of “essence” (that which gives a being its identity) is abolished, man can be redefined at will, and “the right to life” is being conceived as a relative, highly conditional right.
Orthodoxy and “Radical Orthodoxy”: Understanding of “Mediation” and Prospects of Collaboration
Authors: Shchipkov Vasiliy A.
Published: December 2020

The article critically examines the concept of “mediation” used by the modern conservative Christian philosophical and theological movement “Radical Orthodoxy” (arose at the end of the 20th century among Anglican and Catholic philosophers) and also puts the question about the prospects of dialogue between Orthodox tradition and the “Radical Orthodoxy”. The article gives general information about this movement and contemporary researches on it. It is noted that the term “Orthodoxy” in its name does not indicate a connection with Orthodoxy or any Christian denomination but is used in the sense close to the concept of Christian tradition and placed in a postmodern context. “Radical Orthodoxy” considers Christian theology a universal “mediator” which is designed to replace secular meta-discourse and strengthen the voice of Christianity in the world today. The author notes that the idea of universal mediation is connected with the gnostic approach to theology. Analyzing the principles of philosophical and theological constructions in this movement the author draws a parallel between the proposed concept of “mediation” and the fact that the authors of “Radical Orthodoxy” of all the themes of Russian religious philosophy showed special interest in gnostic Sofia. The article analyzes the origins of this view of Sofia and identifies the margins beyond which the Church considers sophiology to be a heresy. “Radical Orthodoxy” sophiologizes the concept of “mediation” in order to protect it from the threat of its “adaptation” to secular reality and to establish an ideal mediator which possesses the maximum possible explanatory theological flexibility. Nevertheless, this approach has some vulnerabilities, since its way of theologisation of secular discourse can lead to the opposite effect – the secularization of theology, which was sometimes done by Russian religious philosophers of the 19th-20th centuries. In conclusion the author argues that a successful dialogue between representatives of the Orthodox tradition and the “Radical Orthodoxy” is more promising in the socio-political plane than in the theological one.
Desecularization as Phenomenon at the Turn of 21st Century
Authors: Lebedev Sergey V.  ,  Lebedeva Galina N.
Published: December 2020

In the article the authors note that since the 1970s, with the rise of the Islamic movement and the Islamic revolution in Iran, philosophers and political scientists started to talk about religious renaissance in many regions of the world. In addition, the point at issue is the growing role of religion in society, including European countries that have long ago gone through the process of secularization. The reasons for this phenomenon, regardless of its name, are diverse, but understandable: secular ideologies of the last century failed to explain the existing social problems and give them a rational alternative.
“The Fumes of Polonism and the Stench of Herzenism”: “Vestnik Zapadnoy Rossii” Against Class Revolution and Clas Reaction
Authors: Kotov Aleksandr E.
Published: December 2020

The journal of Ksenofont A. Govorsky “Vestnik Yugo-Zapadnoy I Zapadnoy Rossii” (“South-West and West Russia Herald”) is known in the history of pubic thought as odious and reactionary. However, this stereotypical image needs some revision: the anti-Polish discourse on the pages of the magazine was not so much nationalistic as anti-aristocratic in nature. Considering the “Poles” primarily as carriers of the aristocratic principles, the editorial board of the magazine claimed to protect the broad masses of the people. Throughout its short history, the magazine consistently opposed both revolutionary and aristocratic propaganda. However, the regional limitations of the problems covered in the magazine did not give it the opportunity to reflect on the essential closeness of the revolutionary and reactionary principles. Yu.F. Samarin and I.S. Aksakov – whose conservative-democratic views, on the whole, were close to “Western Russianism”, promoted by the authors of “Vestnik Yugo-Zapadnoy I Zapadnoy Rossii”, managed to reach that goal.
The Western Boundary of Russian Civilization
Authors: Darenskiy Vitaliy Yu.
Published: December 2020

The article shows the historical, economic, political and cultural determinants of the Western boundary of Russian civilization. The author singles out the factors of modern actualization of this boundary related to the closeness of the “Golden Billion” community, the creation of limitrophe states, the civilizational aggression of the West and the imposition of Russophobic ideology. He substantiates the conception of the mobilization and bi-system nature of the Russian society and the state.
Belorussian Historiography in Russian Historical Journals of the Second Half of the 19th and the Beginning of the 20th Century
Authors: Khoteev Aleksey S.
Published: December 2020

There is a number of articles on Belorussian history in Russian historical journals of the second half of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. Those are publicistic articles, news reports, obituaries and book reviews. The articles presented the history of Belorussia to the broad circles of readers, noting ethnographical, confessional and cultural aspects of Belorussia in the spirit of “West-Russism” conception.
“History Misappropriation or Compreension?” (Russian Lihuanian Studies in the 19th and the Beginning of the 20th Century)
Authors: Dvornichenko Andrey Yu.
Published: December 2020

The abundant Russian historiography of the medieval history of Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lithuanian-Russian State) has become in the last decades the centre of the discussions and is often subject to groundless criticism. This historiography was not very lucky in the Soviet period of the 20th century either, as it was severely criticized from the Marxist-Leninist position. When discussing Russian historiography the author of this article is consciously committed to the Russian positions. There are no reasons to consider this historiography branch either Byelorussian or Ukrainian one, as that was really Russian historiography, - the phenomenon that formed under the favorable specific conditions of Russian Empire before the beginning of the 20th century. The said phenomenon can be studied in different ways: according to the existing then main trends and schools or according to their affiliation with specific universities of Russian Empire. But according to the author of this article the best way to study the issue is in accordance with the main concepts of history. And then the pre-revolutionary historiography appears as an integral scientific paradigm that turns out to be the most divaricate branch of the Lithuanian studies of the time. It created, in its turn, the most vivid and objective historical picture that can still serve as the basis for the studies of Lithuanian-Russian state.
Белоруссизм в контексте столыпинского национализма
Authors: Gayda Fyodor A. 
Published: December 2020

The article examines the political potential of the two programs and practices of nation-building at the beginning of the twentieth century associated with all-Russian and Belarusian national movements. The all-Russian project was formulated by the Prime Minister of the Russian Empire P.A. Stolypin. He proceeded from the idea of gradual and inevitable erosion of the estate system and democratization of the social system of Russia. Stolypin envisioned the creation of the political nation, the core of which would be the Russian people, quite traditionally understood as the trinity of Great Russians, Little Russians and Belarusians. According to Stolypin, the creation of the Russian nation led not to the restriction of the rights of ethnic minorities, but to their gradual expansion in the future, but on condition of loyalty to the state system and the national development of Russia. Until 1917, Russian nationalism in the Northwest region was much more influential than Belarusianism. The latter was represented by only a small circle of «Nasha Niva» journal supporters. Unlike Stolypin’s project, Belarusianism had no impact on any significant part of the local population.
Westrussism Concept in the Process of Modern Belorussian Identity Formation
Authors: Paulavets Yury S.
Published: December 2020

The article examines the main stages of the Westrussism ideology formation and its development in the Belarusian historical school. The author analyzes the influence of this movement on the formation of the Belarusians identity in process of the Republic of Belarus development. He singles out the levels of contemporary Belarusian authentication and denotes the place of Westrussism concept within those levels. At the same time the author estimates Westrussism involvement in the process of Belorussian society public consciousness modernization, and the degree of it acceptance by the official historical science.
Count M.N. Muraviev-Vilensky in the Government Policy of Imperial Russia. Historiographic Note
Authors: Shevchenko Maxim M.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the reflection in historiography of the role and character of M.N. Muraviev-Vilensky’s activities and its influence on the historical destiny of Belorussia, Western Russia and Russia as a whole.
“Russian Historiography” of N.L. Rubinstein and the Problem of West Rus (Russia) Place in History in the Context of the General History of Russia
Authors: Teslya Andrey A.
Published: December 2020

“Russian Historiography” of N.L. Rubinstein is one of fundamental works on the history of Russian historical significance which importance for native history is great and diverse. The focus of the issue examination in this article is the absence in Rubinstein’s work of practically any materials on the history of the “Great Duchy of Lithuania”, “Lithuanian-Russian State”, “West Provinces”, etc. In this sense we come across a paradoxical situation when the fundamental research on the comprehension of Russian history development ignores and gives no explicit answer to the total number of above listed subjects, their interpretation and their place in various concepts of Russian history. The author of the article attempts to explain the situation relying on the general concept of Rubinstein’s “Russian Historiography” demonstrating the absence of problematization of Russian historical process subject and its limits, constraints and consequences of the “transparency” of the subject, in particular, the possibility of manifold functioning of the general scheme suggested by Rubinstein depending on the specific political context.
“Overwhelmingly the Heart Bleeds When You Read the Message of a Local Resident of Belarus...”: Western Russia as Perceived by the Conservative Intelligentsia (by the Example of V.V. Rozanov’s Publicism on the Polish Issue)
Authors: Timiryaev Denis O.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of V.V. Rozanov’s views on the situation in the western borderlands of the empire – Western Russia. Those views were expressed in his publicism on the Polish issue. As sources of information the author uses the articles published in the period of the publicist’s active creative work in 1890s–1914. In his articles Rozanov promptly responded to all current events in the region. His debut in covering that subject matter can be traced to the publication of his reflections regarding the personality of M.N. Muravyev-Vilensky and the latter’s contribution to the «Russian Case» in Western Russia (informational cause was the opening of the monument to him in Vilna). Also he was interested in the following subjects of Western Russia problematic: the problem of introducing local government in Belarusian provinces; the outbreak of religious violence between Catholics and Orthodox Christians in Belarus and Kholmshchina in 1905–1907; the problem of the compliance of the government policy in the Western provinces with the true national goals. In his articles Rozanov repeatedly drew the authorities’ and society’s attention to the danger of Polish nationalism and to the danger of the repeated attempts to assimilate the Russians (Belarusians and Ukrainians) of the Western region. He never stopped worrying about the situation with the Orthodox Christians. The inconsistency of judgments and views inherent to Rozanov was vividly demonstrated in his publications devoted to that subject.
Yükseköğretimin Uluslararasılaşması Bağlamında Farklılıkların Yönetiminin Farlılıkları Algılama Üzerine Etkisi: Uluslararası Öğrenciler Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: DEMİREL Yavuz , AKTEPE Eray , TOHUM Enes Uğur
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, yükseköğretim kurumlarında öğrenim gören yabancı uyruklu öğrencilerin üniversitelerine uyumlarının kolaylaştırılması için belirlenen/belirlenecek farklılıkların yönetiminin rolünü ortaya koymaktır. Farklılık kavramı, bireylerin; dil, din, etnik köken, yaş, kültürel geçmiş, engelli olma, cinsiyet durumu, kişilik, yaşam tarzı, yetenek ve görevler gibi insanların belirgin veya belirgin olmayan özellikleri olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Farklılıkların yönetimi kavramı ise; kurum içinde bulunan insanların sahip oldukları farklılıklarına hoşgörü ile yaklaşarak, onların farklılıklara değer veren yönetim uygulamalarıdır. Bu bağlamda çalışmada, öğrencilerin farklılıkları algılama düzeyleri ve üniversitenin algılanan farklılıkları yönetebilme durumu farklı kültürlerden gelen öğrencilerin görüşleri alınarak belirlenmiştir. Temel amaç doğrultusunda, Kastamonu Üniversitesi’nde bulunan yabancı uyruklu öğrencilere farklılıkların yönetimi algısı hakkındaki görüş ve düşüncelerini belirlemek amaçlı nicel araştırma yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonunda öğrencilerin farlılıkları algılama düzeyleri ile farklılıkların yönetimi arasında güçlü pozitif yönlü ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
16.5%
Authors: Hill Natasha
Published: December 2020

My name is Gabriella Campbell and I am a white Māori. Growing up, this is what I heard from my classmates and teachers. The way I acted, behaved or dressed most likely convinced most of them I was white. I mean seriously, just because my skin is a shade lighter than the ‘real’ Māori kids, doesn’t mean I can’t be one of them. In fact, I was probably one of the few Māori kids at my school, which was located right in the middle of other high decile schools around Auckland.  St Helinbergs was where it began.
Sobre Francisco Rodríguez Cascante y Ricardo Martínez Esquivel (coords.), Sujetividades esotéricas. Estudios sobre masonería, espiritismo y teosofía en Costa Rica
Authors: Pozuelo Andrés Yván
Published: December 2020

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Sobre Ariel Rodríguez Kuri, Museo del universo: los juegos olímpicos y el movimiento estudiantil de 1968
Authors: Reyes Pérez José Carlos
Published: December 2020

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Re-appraising and Re-classifying: a New Look at the Corpus of Miniature Socketed Axes from Britain
Authors: Bliss Alex
Published: December 2020

The advent of the Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS) has added a great deal to our understanding of prehistoric metal artefacts in England and Wales, namely in expanding enormously the corpuses of objects previously thought to be quite scarce. One such artefact type is the miniature
socketed 'votive' axe, most of which are found in Wiltshire and Hampshire. As a direct result of developing such recording initiatives, reporting of these artefacts as detector finds from the early 2000s onwards has virtually trebled the number originally published by Paul Robinson in his
1995 analysis. Through extensive data-collection, synthesising examples recorded via the PAS with those from published excavations, the broad aims of this paper (in brief) are as follows: firstly, produce a solid typology for these artefacts; secondly, investigate their spatial distribution
across England and Wales. As a more indirect third aim, this paper also seeks to redress the imbalance of focus and academic study specifically applying to Hampshire finds of this object type, which despite producing a significant proportion of the currently known corpus have never been the
subject of detailed analysis.
Diálogos críticos con sistemas complejos
Authors: Sánchez Coterón Lara
Published: December 2020

El arte y el diseño en la era digital están estrechamente vinculados a modelos y estructuras sistémicas en lo formal y lo discursivo. Entendiendo este tipo de hibridaciones entre arte y ciencia (estudios de sistemas) como punto de partida para pensar en la activación, reconfiguración o generación de sistemas complejos como recurso artístico, este artículo reflexiona sobre las posibilidades de crear discurso desobediente, de superponerse y problematizar las ontologías políticas de los sistemas normativos en esa confluencia. La investigación utiliza la teoría los puntos críticos de intervención sobre sistemas complejos de la científica D. H. Meadows, como marco referencial y como pretexto para analizar los diversos modos de generar experiencia significativa y semánticas disruptivas que utilizan los artistas y los diseñadores contemporáneos.
Construyendo el concepto de arte norteamericano en Sudamérica
Authors: Matallana Andrea
Published: December 2020

Este artículo analiza el papel de Grace Morley, directora del Museo de Arte Moderno de San Francisco, durante los años de la política de Buena Vecindad (1940-1943), y, en particular, su intervención en el Comité de Arte de la Oficina de Asuntos Interamericanos (OIAA) como curadora de la exhibición «La pintura contemporánea norteamericana». En este sentido, se analiza la constitución del corpus de la muestra y la perspectiva que esta especialista le dio a la política de intercambio cultural iniciada por el gobierno norteamericano.
El rol del oficial de cumplimiento y los programas de integridad en las organizaciones
Authors: D´Onofrio Paula A.
Published: December 2020

El presente trabajo tiene por fin revisar los resultados de una encuesta realizada en el segundo semestre del año 2019, en el marco del proyecto de Desarrollo Estratégico (PDE) de la Universidad de Buenos Aires  PDE_9_2019 “Corrupción, fraude empresario y sistemas de cumplimiento en las organizaciones”.

Las preguntas están dirigidas a los participantes internos cualquiera sea el rol que ocupan dentro de la organización.  El objetivo de esta encuesta es poder determinar la importancia que las organizaciones le dan a los sistemas de Compliance.

Las respuestas consideradas fueron 70. Si bien los resultados no son categóricos podemos observar que la figura del Compliance ocupa un posicionamiento jerárquico adecuado lo que debería darle independencia y recursos dentro de la estructura. Sin embargo, aún queda un camino por recorrer en relación con las capacitaciones y entrenamiento acerca de elementos claves del programa de integridad, consideradas necesarias de acuerdo con los términos de la Ley 27.401.