bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on waiting times for elective surgery patients: A multicenter study
Authors: Uimonen Mikko , Kuitunen Ilari , Paloneva Juha , Launonen Antti P. , Ponkilainen Ville , Mattila Ville M.
Published: July 2021

Background

A concern has been that health care reorganizations during the first COVID-19 wave have led to delays in elective surgeries, resulting in increased complications and even mortality. This multicenter study examined the changes in waiting times of elective surgeries during the COVID-19 pandemic in Finland.

Methods

Data on elective surgery were gathered from three Finnish public hospitals for years 2017–2020. Surgery incidence and waiting times were examined and the year 2020 was compared to the reference years 2017–2019. The mean annual, monthly, and weekly waiting times were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The most common diagnosis groups were examined separately.

Findings

A total of 88 693 surgeries were included during the study period. The mean waiting time in 2020 was 92.6 (CI 91.5–93.8) days, whereas the mean waiting time in the reference years was 85.8 (CI 85.1–86.5) days, resulting in an average 8% increase in waiting times in 2020. Elective procedure incidence decreased rapidly in the onset of the first COVID-19 wave in March 2020 but recovered in May and June, after which the surgery incidence was 22% higher than in the reference years and remained at this level until the end of the year. In May 2020 and thereafter until November, waiting times were longer with monthly increases varying between 7% and 34%. In gastrointestinal and genitourinary diseases and neoplasms, waiting times were longer in 2020. In cardiovascular and musculoskeletal diseases, waiting times were shorter in 2020.

Conclusion

The health care reorganizations due to the pandemic have increased elective surgery waiting times by as much as one-third, even though the elective surgery rate increased by one-fifth after the lockdown.
GeneXpert on patients with human immunodeficiency virus and smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Cuong Nguyen Kim , Ngoc Nguyen Bao , Hoa Nguyen Binh , Dat Vu Quoc , Nhung Nguyen Viet
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Vietnam is a high-prevalence country for tuberculosis (TB). Xpert MTB/RIF is a novel PCR-based diagnostic test that is substantially more sensitive for detecting M. tuberculosis than traditional smear-based techniques. However, locally-derived evidence of Xpert MTB/RIF in HIV-infected people is limited. This study evaluates the performance of the Xpert MTB/RIF in HIV-infected patients with smear-negative pulmonary TB (SNTB).

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study in 3 hospitals. The performance of Xpert MTB/RIF was compared with the reference standard of liquid culture and phenotypic drug-susceptibility testing for rifampicin (RIF) resistance.

Results

Out of 123 patients, the median age was 37.0 (IQR: 32.0–41.0) and 81.3% were male. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of Xpert MTB/RIF for pulmonary TB diagnosis were 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.63–0.81), 66.7% (95%CI: 54.8–77.1) and 77.1% (95%CI: 62.7–88.0), respectively, while Se and Sp of Xpert MTB/RIF in detecting RIF resistance were 50.0 (11.8–88.2) and 86.4% (95%CI: 72.7–94.8).

Conclusion

The performance of Xpert MTB/RIF in HIV-infected patients with SNTB for the diagnosis of TB and RIF-resistance was low. Further studies are required to evaluate the results of Xpert MTB/RIF assay in HIV-infected patients with SNTB and the role of Xpert repetition on the same specimens.
Dancing with atrial fibrillation – How arrhythmia affects everyday life of family members: A qualitative study
Authors: Rosenstrøm Stine , Risom Signe Stelling , Ejlertsen Camilla , Hove Jens Dahlgaard , Brødsgaard Anne
Published: July 2021

Background

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. Patients with AF often experience debilitating symptoms, stress and reduced health-related quality of life. Previous qualitative research on AF has primarily focused on the patient. AF, however, can also be burdensome for the patient’s family.

Aim

The aim of this study was to explore how family members experience life when a close member in the family has AF.

Method

Transcribed focus group interviews were analysed using content analysis approach inspired by Graneheim and Lundman.

Results

Two focus group interviews were conducted with 11 family members. The overall theme was Dancing with AF. The theme emerged from three categories: 1) Handling AF as a living condition, 2) Influencing the roles of family members, 3) Fear of AF attack. AF had a very significant impact on the patients’ family members, forcing them to reconstruct their daily lives.

Conclusions

AF has multiple consequences for family members and can give rise to conflicts concerning family roles. Family members have a lack of knowledge of AF and fear of how AF can cause changes in the family members’ everyday lives. This study demonstrates that there is a need for further research of ways to support the family members of patients with AF.
Genetic engineering of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum, the Syphilis Spirochete
Authors: Romeis Emily , Tantalo Lauren , Lieberman Nicole , Phung Quynh , Greninger Alex , Giacani Lorenzo
Published: July 2021

Despite more than a century of research, genetic manipulation ofTreponema pallidumsubsp.pallidum(T.pallidum), the causative agent of syphilis, has not been successful. The lack of genetic engineering tools has severely limited understanding of the mechanisms behindT.pallidumsuccess as a pathogen. A recently described method forin vitrocultivation ofT.pallidum, however, has made it possible to experiment with transformation and selection protocols in this pathogen. Here, we describe an approach that successfully replaced thetprA(tp0009) pseudogene in the SS14T.pallidumstrain with a kanamycin resistance (kanR) cassette. A suicide vector was constructed using the pUC57 plasmid backbone. In the vector, thekanRgene was cloned downstream of thetp0574gene promoter. Thetp0574prom-kanRcassette was then placed between two 1-kbp homology arms identical to the sequences upstream and downstream of thetprApseudogene. To induce homologous recombination and integration of thekanRcassette into theT.pallidumchromosome,in vitro-cultured SS14 strain spirochetes were exposed to the engineered vector in a CaCl2-based transformation buffer and let recover for 24 hours before adding kanamycin-containing selective media. Integration of thekanRcassette was demonstrated by qualitative PCR, droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of transformed treponemes propagatedin vitroand/orin vivo. ddPCR analysis of RNA and mass spectrometry confirmed expression of thekanRmessage and protein in treponemes propagatedin vitro. Moreover,tprAknockout (tprAko-SS14) treponemes grew in kanamycin concentrations that were 64 times higher than the MIC for the wild-type SS14 (wt-SS14) strain and in infected rabbits treated with kanamycin. We demonstrated that genetic manipulation ofT.pallidumis attainable. This discovery will allow the application of functional genetics techniques to study syphilis pathogenesis and improve syphilis vaccine development.
Eine Afrikanerin in Schlesien
Authors: Holdenried Michaela
Published: July 2021

Michaela Holdenried widmet sich Gerhart Hauptmanns Novelle »Der Schuß im Park«, einem der weniger bekannten Texte des Literaturnobelpreisträgers. Sie wurde 1939 veröffentlicht und von Goebbels als »rassenschänderisch« eingestuft. In vielerlei Hinsicht überschreitet Hauptmann mit seiner Novelle Grenzen: Der Artikel reflektiert die Überschreitung der Gattungsgrenzen zwischen Novelle und Kriminalerzählung durch den Autor. Insbesondere aber geht er der Frage nach, wie das weibliche Fremde in »Der Schuß im Park« in die europäische Wirklichkeit eindringt und deshalb durch Gewalt aufgehoben werden muss. Dabei wird intertextuellen Hinweisen nachgegangen, die uns zu Kleist und seinen literarischen Reflexionen über Rasse, Verrat und koloniale Gewalt (und zu Conrads »Herz der Finsternis«) führen.
Herkunft - Ähnlichkeit - Tod
Authors: Zink Dominik
Published: July 2021

Dieser Beitrag möchte zeigen, dass die Ähnlichkeitsoperationen, die für die Verschiebungs- und Verdichtungsarbeit und somit für Verdrängung und die Wiederkehr des Verdrängten in der Psychoanalyse bestimmend sind, bei Stanišić aufgegriffen werden und zum wesentlichen Modus der Sinnneuschöpfung avancieren. Dadurch wird auch das Forschungsdesiderat deutlich werden, das die Ähnlichkeitsforschung in Bezug auf Freud hat.
Germanistik in Deutschland und in Italien während der Covid-19-Krise
Authors: Costa Marcella , Bremer Kai
Published: July 2021

Die Linguistin Marcella Costa (Turin) und der Literaturwissenschaftler Kai Bremer (Osnabrück) diskutieren in ihrem Gespräch die Folgen der Covid-19-Pandemie für die germanistische Lehre und den akademischen Austausch.
From Community Capital to Sustainable Rural Livelihood: Exploring Green Development Program in Masoso, Indonesia
Authors: Syafar Muhammad , Ulumi Helmy Faizi Bahrul
Published: July 2021

Community capital has approached to formulate a sustainable rural livelihood. As an agreement in the world development challenges, it have been designed in the framework of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that was supported by the United Nations as a global effort to attain 169 targets, such as natural resources management for sustainable rural development. This article aims to analyze community empowerment on green development to strengthen energy self-sufficient villages based on the community capital. The method in this research used the qualitative approach that was used in order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of all phenomena that occurred in the study of Masoso village, Indonesia. The result of the discussion found that the implementation of green development through micro-hydro power plants supported by the village fund, and has contributed for local community prosperity. This study concludes that the adherence of the community to traditional institutions and local wisdom needed to preserve as the basis of community collectivity to conserve natural resources. New opportunities of local economic activities on integrated agriculture could promote socio-economic development in the modern era through strengthening of farmer groups and community development.
Design and Fabrication of a Novel Ultra Compact Microstrip Diplexer Using Interdigital and Spiral Cells
Authors: Yahya Salah I. , Rezaei Abbas
Published: July 2021

A dual-band bandpass-bandpass microstrip diplexer with very small size and good performance is designed in this work. The proposed diplexer has a novel structure which is introduced for the first time in this paper. In comparison with the previously reported diplexers, it occupies the most compact size of 0.002 λg2 (226.7 mm2), fabricated on 0.787 mm dielectric substrate height. The resonance frequencies of the presented diplexer are located at 0.76 GHz and 1.79 GHz making it suitable for the global system for mobile communications (GSM) applications. It has a wide flat channels with two fractional bandwidths (FBWs) of 41.1% and 50%. Another feature of the proposed diplexer is its ability to suppress the harmonics. It can attenuate the 1st to 7th harmonics. Moreover, it has low insertion losses and low group delays at both channels while the isolation and return losses are acceptable. Finally, the proposed diplexer is fabricated and measured to verify the simulation results, where a good agreement between the simulation and measurement results is obtained.
Chrystianizacja Anglii według Historia ecclesiastica gentis Angelorum Bedy Czcigodnego
Authors: Kołodziejczyk Dorota
Published: July 2021

Bede Venerable from Northumbria belongs to the group of the most prolific writers of the early medieval period. This Benedictine friar from Britain became famous thanks to his chronicle: Historia ecclesiastica gentis Angelorum, dedicated to the history of his motherland since the moment of Gaius Julius Caesar’s arrival until the year 731. Thanks to this chronicle, but also his other historical records concerning, e.g. Benedictine abbots, Bede Venerable owes his name of ‘the father of English historiography’. The issue of the Christianisation of Britain, connected with the continuous sending of missionaries on the British territory, creates the main part of this chronicle. This article is an attempt, undertaken with a certain amount of timidity, to outline the  history of the introduction and renewal of Christianity in Britain based only on the chronicle written by Bede Venerable.
Siedem cech charakteryzujących nową ewangelizację
Authors: Zborowski Michał
Published: July 2021

The new evangelization is a concrete task, precisely described in the documents and teaching of the Church. Its characteristic features include: a new context in which the Gospel is proclaimed, a new recipient of this message, a new enthusiasm, new methods, new means of expression, as well as a new keryx and a new content, which is the kerygma sensu stricto. The new evangelization is one of the three types of evangelization in addition to the mission ad gentes and the ordinary evangelization.
Populizm religijno-polityczny Eva Moralesa wyzwaniem dla Kościoła katolickiego
Authors: Tomaszewski Jarosław
Published: July 2021

The article shows the diffi cult problem of how to renew the dialogue between the Catholic Church, present in Bolivia since the sixteenth century and the populist regime of Evo Morales, nowadays expelled by the Bolivian opposition from his own country. The painful division of the Bolivian society into several distinctly separate groups is a huge missionary challenge for the Catholic Church in Bolivia. Catholicism cannot look indiff erently at the many social experiments conducted in the area of this very poor  Andean country. What is required, is a radical change of the spiritual formation, which will lead effi ciently to a renewed reception of the Gospel in the free heart of the Bolivian nation.
Starobabilońskie prawo sądowe w świetle listów z epoki
Authors: Tyborowski Witold
Published: July 2021

Oprócz starobabilońskich zbiorów prawnych, także dokumenty prawne pochodzące z tego okresu pokazują, że procedury związane z procesem sądowym w Babilonii w pierwszej połowie drugiego tysiąclecia p.n.e. miały wyraźnie znormalizowaną postać. Sugerują to zarówno paragrafy 9–13 Praw Hammurabiego, jak i liczne dokumenty procesowe. Niestety, żadna z tych kategorii tekstów nie pozwala stwierdzić, czy był to efekt porządkowania doświadczeń płynących z praktyki, czy też odgórnych regulacji ze strony władzy państwowej. Odrębną kategorią tekstów mówiących o przebiegu i procedurach w starobabilońskim procesie są listy z tej epoki, w których pojawiają się wzmianki o dekretach królewskich (ṣimdatum / ṣimdat šarrim), które regulują, jak ma przebiegać proces sądowy, a nawet samo ogłoszenie wyroku. Wszystkie sprawy, w przypadku których nakazuje się postępowanie zgodnie z dekretami królewskimi, związane są z osobami funkcjonującymi w ramach aparatu administracyjnego państwa. Może to oznaczać, że był on zobowiązany do popularyzowania prawa stanowionego przez władzę. Wprawdzie dotychczas nie zidentyfikowano tekstów, które noszą nazwę ṣimdatum bądź ṣimdat šarrim, lecz mogły mieć one postać konkretnych zaleceń, odnoszących się do problemów prawnych, jak np. AbB 3 1, który zawiera prosty zakaz określonych działań.
Tezy prawne z zakresu prawa karnego wydawane przez polskie (nieniemieckie) sądy apelacyjne w Generalnym Gubernatorstwie (1940–1943)
Authors: Mielnik Hubert
Published: July 2021

Celem artykułu jest analiza tez prawnych wydawanych przez sądy apelacyjne w obszarze prawa karnego. Tezy prawne były najważniejszymi wypowiedziami jurydycznymi sądów polskich (nieniemieckich) w Generalnym Gubernatorstwie. W artykule przedstawiono szczegółową statystykę dotyczącą omawianego zagadnienia. W rezultacie poszerzono wiedzę na temat stosowania prawa przez sądy polskie (nieniemieckie) w Generalnym Gubernatorstwie, przede wszystkim w odniesieniu do rodzajów spraw karnych rozpatrywanych przez te sądy oraz związanych z nimi problemów prawnych. W szerszym znaczeniu przeprowadzona analiza pozwoli odpowiedzieć na pytanie o rolę i aktywność sądownictwa polskiego (nieniemieckiego) i czy sądy te były wykorzystywane do prowadzenia nazistowskiej polityki w Generalnym Gubernatorstwie w sprawach karnych.
Falsyfikat dokumentu rzekomo z 1150 r. i jego transumpt z 1251 r.
Authors: Pytel Marcin
Published: July 2021

Artykuł jest poświęcony falsyfikatowi lędzkiemu datowanemu na rok 1150 oraz jego transumptowi, wystawionemu w 1251 r. Podtrzymuję zdanie o sfałszowaniu dokumentu datowanego na 1150 r. oraz autentyczności jego transumptu. Uważam, że imię księcia Kazimierza, w jakie opatrzono falsyfikat, było nieprzypadkowe, a wiązało się to z pojęciem autorytetu w średniowieczu, którym uwierzytelniano dokumenty. Sądzę ponadto, że omawiany falsyfikat zawiera archaiczne sformułowania w tzw. instruktarzu powinności i obowiązków mieszkańców wsi klasztornych, starsze od znanych z rzekomego dokumentu fundacyjnego opactwa. Natomiast analiza formularza redagowanych w klasztorze w Lądzie transumptów prowadzi do wniosku, że choć pozbawiony większości formuł dyplomatycznych falsyfikat datowany na 1150 r. zawierał analogiczne formuły jak jego transumpt.
Sovereignty and Decentralization – two competing perspectives on the crisis of the French monarchy in the 16th century
Authors: Wilmanowicz Maciej
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this paper is to analyze two significant treatises concerning the constitutional structure of the 16th century French monarchy, namely Jean Bodin’s Les Six livres de la République and Vindiciae, contra tyrannos written under the pseudonym of Brutus. The texts were answers to an ongoing institutional crisis of the monarchy, especially in light of the strictly connected issues of decentralization and the weakness of the royal administrative apparatus. The paper portrays how the tension between the royal administration and the complicated structure of the local networks of power not only rendered it impossible for both Bodin and Brutus not to take a stance on the matter but also how it influenced the shape of their theories. An analysis of how Brutus and Bodin tried to incorporate the complex institutional realities of the French kingdom into their own theories sheds some light on the authors’ attitude towards the functioning of the local centres of power, their theoretical disabling or using them on purpose; it also points to how much the actual decentralization of the state influenced the shape of the theories of both authors.
The Arguments in Justice in Transactions: A Reply to Commentators
Authors: Benson Peter
Published: July 2021

This reply addresses some of the basic questions and criticisms raised by commentators in their interesting pieces on Justice in Transactions. My aim in that book is to work out a public basis of justification for the common law of contract. Given the limits of space, the discussion here is unavoidably selective and incomplete. Within these parameters, however, the article presents, and hopefully clarifies, some of the book’s main arguments that are relevant to the comments, using the footnotes for more detailed responses to the particular points made. These points encompass both methodological and substantive issues. The former center around the nature of public justification and whether the proposed theory of contract law meets its requirements. The substantive issues addressed include the role of promises in contract law, the compatibility between contractual fairness and contractual freedom, and the relation between contract and distributive justice.
Justice in Contract, no Justice in the Background
Authors: Rödl Florian
Published: July 2021

In the first part of his book, Peter Benson elaborates for the common law that fairness in exchange is not only a fundamental principle of contract law, but that it is, moreover, conceptually rooted in the idea of private autonomy. For the common law presumes that a party to a contract intends, in principle, to exchange performance at its value and on fair terms. The following comment shows that this presumption also animates German contract law, including the rules on the review of standard terms. In the second part, Benson develops the image of a harmonious complementarity of private law, which is characterised by transactional justice, and public law, which instantiates distributive justice. The following comment disputes the claimed harmony by demonstrating the fundamental asymmetry in the institutionalisation of both forms of justice in civil society.
Electricity demand modeling techniques for hybrid solar PV system
Authors: Minai Ahmad Faiz , Husain Mohammed Aslam , Naseem Mohammad , Khan Akhlaque Ahmad
Published: July 2021

In recent period, electricity need is increasing because of automatic control systems in developing modern societies. So it is necessary to estimate the consumption and needs of a particular sector to match the generation and demand for whole society. This task is performed by the modeling of electricity demand, in which many tools/plans and policies are involved. According to which, tariffs are made to benefit the society as well as energy suppliers. Electricity demand modeling is also needful when any of the generation plant is going to be installed, especially in the case of solar PV plant, in which number of panels, area, and balance of system completely depends upon the electricity demand. Hence in this work, modeling is proposed for electricity demand after analyzing various sectors. After the proper energy audit in initial stage, hybrid generation system (Thermal/Solar PV/DG/Batteries) will be modeled to match the demand in peak hours using metaheuristics optimization techniques. Low carbon emission and energy storage are the key features of power generation using solar PV system, which are very beneficial for any state of India.
Ein Beitrag zum Forschenden Lernen von Tutorinnen und Tutoren in Fortbildungsmaßnahmen am Beispiel des ProgrammsDeutsch Lehren Lernen
Authors: Abramović Blaženka
Published: July 2021

Der Anspruch des Fort- und WeiterbildungsprogrammsDeutsch Lehren Lernen (DLL), den Berufsbezug in den Vordergrund zu stellen, wird in diesem Beitrag auch auf die Ebene der Tutorin bzw. des Tutors übertragen und es wird gezeigt, wie Forschendes Lernen auch auf dem Gebiet der Tutorierung greift. Ausgehend von der Analyse zweier Datensätze aus Dokumentationen von Praxiserkundungsprojekten (PEP) erkennt die Tutorin eine Abweichung von ihren Erwartungen in Bezug auf die Reflexionskompetenz der Teilnehmenden und verändert vor diesem Hintergrund ihre Vorgehensweise bei der Betreuung der Teilnehmenden in einem neuen Kurs des Fort- und WeiterbildungsprogrammsDeutsch Lehren Lernen. Im Beitrag werden die Resultate dieser veränderten Vorgehensweise vorgestellt.
Online survey on uterotomy closure techniques in caesarean section
Authors: Kaps Celine , Schwickert Alexander , Dimitrova Desislava , Nonnenmacher Andreas , Siedentopf Jan-Peter , Henrich Wolfgang , Braun Thorsten
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Uterine closure technique in caesarean section (CS) influences the rate of late complications in subsequent pregnancies. As no common recommendation on suture techniques exists, we developed a questionnaire to determine the techniques currently used and the frequencies of late complications.

Methods

The online questionnaire consisted of 13 questions and was sent to 648 obstetric hospitals (level I–IV) in Germany. Number of CS, rate of vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC), the type of uterus suturing technique and the frequency of uterine dehiscences, ruptures and placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) were queried. The answers were anonymous, and results were evaluated descriptively.

Results

The response rate was 24.7%. The mean CS rate was 27.3% (±6.2), the repeat CS rate 33.2% (±18.1). After CS, 46.2% (±20.2) women delivered vaginally. To close the uterotomy, 74.4% of hospitals used single layer continuous sutures, 16.3% single layer locked sutures, 3.8% interrupted sutures, 3.1% double layer continuous sutures and 2.5% used other suture techniques. The percentages of observed uterine dehiscences did not differ significantly between the different levels of care nor did the uterotomy suture techniques.

Conclusions

There is no uniform suturing technique in Germany. A detailed description of suture technique in surgery reports is required to evaluate complications in subsequent pregnancies. National online surveys on obstetric topics are feasible and facilitate the discussion on the need to define a standardized uterine closure technique for CS.
How a West African language becomes North African, and vice versa
Authors: Souag Lameen
Published: July 2021

Updating the methodology of Hayward, Richard J. 1991. A propos patterns of lexicalization in the Ethiopian language area. In Daniela Mendel & Ulrike Claudi (eds.),Ägypten im afroorientalischen Kontext. Special issue of Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere, 139–156. Cologne: Institute of African Studies, using the concept of colexification (François, Alexandre. 2008. Semantic maps and the typology of colexification: Intertwining polysemous networks across languages. In Martine Vanhove (ed.),Studies in language companion series, vol. 106, 163–215. Amsterdam: John Benjamins), this paper, for the first time, provides quantitative evidence that the languages of the West African Sahel/Savanna form a lexical-typological language area characterised by shared colexifications absent further north. It then uses the linguistic comparative method to determine how languages entering or leaving this area, or coming into increasing contact with it at its edges, have converged with their new neighbours within the past millennium. The results indicate sharp differences in the respective roles and rates of borrowing and calquing, with the latter acting almost exclusively to increase shared colexifications.
Regional Innovation Profiles: A Comparative Empirical Study of Four Chinese Regions Based on Expert Knowledge
Authors: Liefner Ingo , Kroll Henning , Zeng Gang , Heindl Anna-Barbara
Published: July 2021

In emerging economies such as China, marked by profound regional disparities in terms of socio-economic wealth and technology, different regions use not only different levels of inputs into the innovation process, but also produce different outputs with qualitative diversity that is seldom sufficiently acknowledged. This paper uses structured expert interviews (AHP) to provide insights into the innovation profiles of four selected Chinese regions: Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing and Kunming. It combines information on drivers of innovation as well as innovation characteristics and objectives to establish and compare regional innovation profiles.
Public Libraries as Agonistic Spaces
Authors: Bekić Irena , Dolanjski Petra
Published: July 2021

The paper deals with the possibilities of engaged interdisciplinary activity implemented at the crossroads of librarianship and contemporary art practices. By relying on the theoretical concepts on which critical librarianship is based on the one hand, and contemporary art on the other hand, a possibility is shown of their interference with the aim to introduce a critical perspective within librarianship through art and to establish a new methodology at the crossroads of the two disciplines. The aforementioned is demonstrated in the paper through the coexistence and activity of S. S. Kranjčević Library and Prozori Gallery (Zagreb City Libraries), the programmatic and curatorial concept of which deals with the questions of the manner in which the theoretical positions of contemporary art and their practical and discursive analysis can contribute to the visibility, importance, and cultural capital of the library, the library profession, and the encouragement of critical attitude within the framework of information and communication sciences, the branch of which being librarianship, with emphasis on the project Uncertain Interventions: LGBTIQ Users in Public Libraries as a case study. Finally, the paper introduces the concept of libraries as agonistic public spaces.
Prospects For the Introduction of Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Higher and General Education
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Nekrasova Irina Ivanovna , Rozov Konstantin Vladimirovich ,   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Schreiner Boris Aleksandrovich ,   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University
Published: July 2021

At present, comprehensive research on the implementation of artificial intelligence technologies is of particular relevance. The article is devoted to the implementation of artificial intelligence technologies in the field of education. The perspective directions of using artificial intelligence in the sphere of higher and general education are considered and analyzed. The article actualizes the problem of implementing artificial intelligence technologies in teaching students and schoolchildren. The purpose of the article is to reveal the specifics of the use of artificial intelligence technologies in the field of education. The study is theoretical in nature and includes an analysis of the possibilities of using artificial intelligence technologies at different levels of education. The program of the discipline “Artificial Intelligence Technologies”, developed in the areas of Teacher education training at the Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, is presented. The possibilities of studying artificial intelligence technologies using the Python language in a school computer science course are considered, which will allow you to move to a new level of learning programming both in schools and in higher education.
Model of the Poly-Component Structure of Formation of the Professional Creative Activity of the Student
Authors:   Novosibirsk College of Food Industry and Processing, Romanchenko Mikhail Konstantinovich
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the experience of forming the foundations of professional creative activity of students, on the example of training specialists in educational institutions of secondary vocational education. The relevance of the issue is closely related to the introduction of foreign production technologies at domestic enterprises. The influence of the experience of participation of students in professional competitions on the formation of a creative personality is considered. A number of theoretical provisions are proposed that make it possible to form the creative activity of students from the standpoint of the competence approach. Analysis of production requirements and educational standards made it possible to single out such components as technological, rationalization, modernization, organizational and management activities in the future graduate’s activities. The potential possibility of optimizing the system of secondary vocational education is analyzed. The purpose of the article is to theoretically substantiate a model of a multicomponent structure of the formation of professional creative activity of a student in the system of secondary vocational training. Methodology. The research is carried out on the basis of practical methodology, focuses on solving practical problems and purposefully solving the issues of organizing educational activities in professional educational institutions of the region. The article discusses the issue of organizing the work of colleges, in the context of timely, anticipatory updating and changes in curricula that guarantee the training of a specialist with the necessary set of competencies. Results consist in the dissemination of experience in the formation of the foundations of the professional creative activity of students and the organization of educational activities of professional educational institutions within the Siberian region, contributing to the creation of a situation of success in the system of secondary vocational education and allowing to increase the efficiency of the educational process. In conclusion, the importance of the formation of skills of professional creative activity among students is noted as an effective resource that has an impact on social development. The study explains the peculiarities of the work of educational institutions in the formation of professional skills. The author focuses on the criteria that determine the promising areas of activity and efforts of employers and educational institutions in the aspect of the development of professional creative activity. The work is an analysis of the potential for improving the quality of training students of secondary vocational education, as a priority task of modern society.
Rationale of a lower dexamethasone dose in prenatal congenital adrenal hyperplasia therapy based on pharmacokinetic modelling
Authors: Stachanow Viktoria , Neumann Uta , Blankenstein Oliver , Fuhr Uwe , Huisinga Wilhelm , Michelet Robin , Reisch Nicole , Kloft Charlotte
Published: July 2021

Context

Prenatal dexamethasone therapy is used in female foetuses with congenital adrenal hyperplasia to suppress androgen excess and prevent virilisation of the external genitalia. The traditional dexamethasone dose of 20 µg/kg/day has been used since decades without examination in clinical trials and is thus still considered experimental.

Objective

As the traditional dexamethasone dose potentially causes adverse effects in treated mothers and foetuses, we aimed to provide a rationale of a reduced dexamethasone dose in prenatal congenital adrenal hyperplasia therapy based on a pharmacokinetics-based modelling and simulation framework.

Methods

Based on a published dexamethasone dataset, a nonlinear mixed-effects model was developed describing maternal dexamethasone pharmacokinetics. In stochastic simulations (n = 1000), a typical pregnant population (n = 124) was split into two dosing arms receiving either the traditional 20 µg/kg/day dexamethasone dose or reduced doses between 5 and 10 µg/kg/day. Target maternal dexamethasone concentrations, identified from the literature, served as a threshold to be exceeded by 90% of mothers at a steady state to ensure foetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression.

Results

A two-compartment dexamethasone pharmacokinetic model was developed and subsequently evaluated to be fit for purpose. The simulations, including a sensitivity analysis regarding the assumed foetal:maternal dexamethasone concentration ratio, resulted in 7.5 µg/kg/day to be the minimum effective dose and thus our suggested dose.

Conclusions

We conclude that the traditional dexamethasone dose is three-fold higher than needed, possibly causing harm in treated foetuses and mothers. The clinical relevance and appropriateness of our recommended dose should be tested in a prospective clinical trial.
LOS MARCOS DE VARIACIÓN EN UNA ECONOMÍA PARA LA VIDA
Authors: Herrera Torres Hugo Amador
Published: July 2021

El objetivo del artículo es definir los límites que delinean el marco de variación del proceso económico atendiendo la propuesta de una economía para la vida de Hinkelammert y Mora. El método de análisis comprende dos pasos: 1) caracterización de la racionalidad reproductiva y de la racionalidad medio-fin, que son las racionalidades fundamentales que componen al proceso económico en una economía para la vida; y 2) identificación de las restricciones que impone la racionalidad reproductiva a la racionalidad medio-fin. Los resultados señalan, utilizando un esquema simple con dos sujetos productores, que el marco de variación del proceso económico tiene, cuando menos, cuatro límites. El límite superior está determinado por la naturaleza, los límites laterales constituyen las fronteras de existencia de los sujetos productores, quienes desarrollan —insertos en un sistema de la división social de trabajo— sus actividades, por lo que éstas dependen de las dinámicas productivas de los otros. El sistema considera dos criterios básicos de funcionamiento, donde uno está en función del otro. El primero se centra en el pleno empleo de los productores. El segundo hace referencia a que la innovación tecnológica contenida en los factores de producción debe estar ajustada al pleno empleo. La permanencia de los sujetos productores en el sistema garantiza que atiendan las necesidades que permitan reproducir las condiciones que posibilitan su vida. Esta garantía traza al límite inferior, que indica la satisfacción mínima de necesidades. Los límites están cubiertos de complejidad, solo pueden representar aproximaciones y su estimación incorpora aspectos cualitativos y cuantitativos.
Cambios en la composición de aves en diferentes fisionomías de vegetación en un enclave seco en Colombia
Authors: Zuluaga-Carrero Juliana , Renjifo Martínez Luis Miguel
Published: July 2021

[Introducción]: La marcada estacionalidad del enclave seco favorece endemismos y especies de distribución restringida, aunque durante el periodo de lluvias esta distribución puede variar, siendo más amplia para aprovechar recursos de otros ecosistemas. [Objetivo]: El presente trabajo tiene el propósito de estudiar las variaciones que ocurren en la avifauna diferentes fisionomías en un gradiente altitudinal en un bosque seco durante las lluvias. [Metodología]: Se utilizaron 72 unidades muestrales simultáneas para aves y plantas en nueve sitios pertenecientes a tres fisionomías de vegetación (bosques riparios, de ladera y matorrales) en tres franjas de altitud, establecimos dos variables dependientes, abundancia y riqueza; y cuatro variables independientes: riqueza de árboles, área basal, franja de altitud y sitio. [Resultados]: Se encontró que la franja alta corresponde con el bioma azonal del zonobioma húmedo y tiene mayor riqueza de avifauna y menor riqueza florística, mientras que la zona baja representa un zonobioma alternohídrico tropical, con menor diversidad de avifauna y alta diversidad florística. La menor riqueza de aves se encuentra en los bosques riparios y la mayor en los bosques de ladera, con un bajo recambio en esta última fisionomía. [Conclusiones]: Durante el periodo de lluvias hay un bajo recambio altitudinal de especies en los bosques de ladera y esto puede explicarse por la heterogeneidad florística, así mismo, los bosques riparios merecen atención por su baja riqueza de aves y plantas, aspectos que podrían considerarse en el establecimiento de áreas protegidas en ecosistemas secos.
Determinación de la ecoeficiencia en desperdicios alimentarios generados a nivel de hogar: Caso piloto en Chile
Authors: Cáceres Paola , Strasburg Virgilio J. , Morales Marion , Huentel Constanza , Jara Catalina , Solís Yazmín
Published: July 2021

[Introducción]: El hogar es el eslabón de la cadena alimentaria que más contribuye al desperdicio de alimentos en el mundo. En Chile no existen datos sobre la cantidad y/o composición del desperdicio generado a nivel de hogar, desconociéndose su impacto medioambiental. [Objetivos]: Determinar la ecoeficiencia como indicador de impacto ambiental del desperdicio de alimentos, en base al cálculo de su huella hídrica (HH), aporte calórico y costo económico. [Metodología]: Estudio piloto descriptivo, realizado en base al desperdicio, obtenido por registro y pesaje diario, de 15 hogares de nivel socioeconómico medio / medio bajo de Santiago, Chile. Los desperdicios fueron categorizaron según su origen, en vegetales y animales, y se determinó su huella hídrica, aporte calórico y costo económico, datos utilizados para el cálculo de la eco-eficiencia (EE) según tres ecuaciones diferentes. [Resultados]: El total de desperdicios generado fue de 54.7 kg en una semana, siendo los productos vegetales los responsables del 80.9 % del total. El valor calórico fue de 65 028 kcal (1 141 kcal por persona), mientras que el costo económico alcanzó los $83 444 (US$ 102.02). La HH fue de 11 2136.66, siendo los productos animales responsables del 67.8 % del total. En los cálculos de EE, los peores resultados se relacionaron con la cantidad de residuos de origen animal. [Conclusiones]: Conocer el impacto ambiental del desperdicio de alimentos a nivel de hogar en Chile es un paso fundamental para el desarrollo de políticas públicas o campañas de educación orientadas a promover el consumo sostenible.
Cambios en la línea de costa en el Caribe Sur de Costa Rica durante el periodo 2005-2016
Authors: Barrantes Castillo Gustavo , Sandoval Murillo Luis Fernando
Published: July 2021

[Introducción]: A nivel global el 24 % de las playas arenosas del planeta se están erosionando. En el caso de América Latina no es un problema generalizado, pero sí severo en determinadas regiones. En la costa Caribe de Costa Rica se reportan 11 puntos críticos con erosión intensa. [Objetivo]: Analizar los cambios en la línea de costa en el Caribe Sur de Costa Rica, con el fin de cuantificar los procesos de erosión y acreción y comprender la influencia de las corrientes litorales en la distribución del sedimento. [Metodología]: Se basa en la cuantificación de los cambios en la línea de costa para el periodo 2005-2016 mediante la extensión DSAS, utilizando como proxi la línea de vegetación sobre la costa. [Resultados]: El 54 % de la costa presenta estabilidad, un 23 % experimenta erosión y un 22 % acreción. Se presenta un proceso severo de erosión en el aeropuerto de Limón, al sureste Westfalia, en Cahuita, Puerto Vargas, Manzanillo y Gandoca. Se localizaron playas con importante acreción como Cieneguita al norte del espigón, playa Bananito, la playa próxima al río Dixibre, la playa entre la desembocadura de los ríos Estrella y Tuba, y un pequeño sector en Punta Cahuita. [Conclusiones]: El Caribe Sur de Costa Rica experimenta procesos de erosión y acreción que se alternan, los mayores cambios están relacionados con la migración en las desembocaduras de importantes sistemas fluviales. Entre los sitios con mayor afectación están las áreas protegidas.
Alerta temprana: innovación educativa para disminuir el riesgo de abandono escolar en el Colegio Nocturno de Pococí
Authors: Jiménez-Castro Maynor , Umaña Calderón Marjorie
Published: July 2021

In this article, an educational innovation for the reduction of school dropout is described through a strategy called Early Warning, which consists of registering a series of aspects that the students show when they are at risk of dropping out from the educational system. The strategy is part of the Yo me apunto program implemented by the Costa Rican Ministry of Public Education, but has been adapted by the Pococí Adult Night High School (CNP) in order to use mobile technologies and the Google forms tool to make reports mainly of absenteeism by the teachers, while the group of school counselors follow each case up. This mechanism has allowed to identify the main risk factors that students present before leaving school, which makes it possible to provide prompt and timely attention to the cases and proper decision-making by institutional authorities. This article describes the experience obtained in the CNP, where the exclusion rates are very high, and the results of applying this strategy show a significant improvement in the monitoring and prevention of the risks of high school dropouts.
Una mirada a la epistemología latinoamericana y la mediación didáctica en la enseñanza de las ciencias en general
Authors: Mesén Mora Luis Diego
Published: July 2021

The critical analysis of traditional and Latin American epistemology allows building a frame of reference that helps to understand the current educational situation. The marked globalization trend in the teaching and learning processes has helped to increase the social gap since colonial times. The development of autochthonous culture permits the creation of a Latin American conscience that allows basing the educational processes on the traditions and not on the imposed Western epistemology. In this way, critical and emancipatory pedagogy allows us to design a learning process that fosters the development of social, cultural, and scientific skills that support the evolution of the country. With this epistemological basis, it is possible to work with a critical didactics in the teaching of science that allows opening new models of pedagogical mediation, achieving a comprehensive and equitable education.
Acerca de la “filosofía del turismo” y de la educación turística: compromisos y responsabilidades
Authors: Villalobos Paniagua Ricardo Antonio
Published: July 2021

A piece of writing is intended which relates tourism, as a profession, to philosophy and education, appreciating the role of the touristologist, and in this way, transcending the character of the tourist who, commonly, takes pleasure in his or her egocentric intentions to produce an ephemeral and solipsistic pleasure (“solus ipse”), with the danger of opting for indifference, even, of what happens around him or her as an extension of consumerism and materialism. Still, and despite the fact that attempts have been made to generate responsible tourism committed to the cultural environment, ecology, and the legacy of historical heritage, this essay shows an ideal understood as a personal goal and with a pedagogical and ethical objective. This appreciation stems from the author’s existential, work, and academic experience, the ultimate goal of which is to denote a constant need to ethically interpret tourism, being itself a potential pedagogical path, rather than simply one aimed at leisure.
Del discurso a los hechos: Política educativa del Ministerio de Educación Pública de Costa Rica
Authors: Robles-Barrantes Andrés Ariel
Published: July 2021

In November 17th, 2017, the Ministry of Education of Costa Rica (MEP, for its acronym in Spanish) published a new policy in terms of education. It emphasizes on positioning the validation of humans as diverse and complex and the necessity of educational practices that project equality and inclusivity for all the students in the educational system. However, when analyzing critically the political discourse of the ministry of education and the reality that is faced in the classrooms, it is possible to discover the real effects of the policy, many of them covered in the shadows of MEP. A new policy does not mean a change in the paradigm of education. In this academic essay, different theoretical referents are used to analyze the real implications and contradictions of the new policy as well as the neoliberal influences in the changes undertaken in the institution.
Pedagogía teatral y anti conductismo, una experiencia de enseñanza y aprendizaje en la comunidad indígena de Amubri
Authors: Masis Mata Gerardo Arturo
Published: July 2021

A current sector of the education in Costa Rica could be compared to the disease of “bulimia” in which students memorize -ingest- concepts and then transcribe -regurgitate them- in a written test, thereby generating purely rote and behavioral learning The most dangerous part about this is that an “educational pathology” is being created in the student body. The promotion of criticism and motivation to go to classroom spaces and the significance of learning no longer have room in a neoliberal system, which fosters mastery of basic concepts and submissive labor. This essay aims to propose the tool of dramatic play through a classroom systematization in the area of Social Studies to undermine the situation of rote learning in addition to the use of sociocultural learning of Lev Vygotsky and Theater Pedagogy as theoretical support, which promote learning contextualized in the culture where the student is immersed in a liberation of the mind and educational motivation. This is done to build more meaningful learning not only for students but also for them to transmit it to the people around them, generating social learning, a task that is urgent in our current society.