bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemotypes and antibacterial activity of Matricaria pubescens of Algeria
Authors: Mekhadmi Nour Elhouda , Ramdani Messaoud , Lograda Takia , Chalard Pierre , Figueredo Gilles
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Mekhadmi NE, Ramdani M, Lograda T, Chalard P, Figueredo G. 2019. Chemotypes and antibacterial activity of Matricaria pubescens of Algeria. Biodiversitas 20: 3170-3179. The objectives of this study were to determine the chemical composition and to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Matricaria pubescens L. essential oils from 14 sampling locations in southern Algeria. The extraction of essential oils was carried out by the hydro-distillation; the analysis of chemical composition of essential oil was carried out by GC-MS. Antibacterial activity was performed by disc diffusion method at the undiluted and diluted essential oil (1/1, 1:2, 1:4 and 1:8 v:v of DMSO) against eight species of bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Listeria innocua, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica and Staphylococcus aureus). The results showed that the average yields of essential oils were 0.4 ± 0.27%. A total of 34 components were identified, averaging 99.22 ± 0.8% of the total oils. The main components were β-ocimene (Z) (47.41 ± 13.67%), α-pinene (19 ± 7.36%), β-bulnesene (4.96 ± 10.6%), ocimene-allo (4.46 ± 1.3%), 1-phenyl-penta-2,4-diyne (4.06 ± 5.7%), limonene (3.84 ± 1.8%), caryophyllene oxide (2.36 ± 3.6%) and γ-bisabolene-E (2.08 ± 4.3%). Based on the UPGMA cluster analysis, there were two distinct clades of M. pubescens. This species has a chemical polymorphism with different chemotypes marked in nature. There were four chemotypes identified in the essential oil of M. pubescens in the region studied. The essential oil of M. pubescens has antibacterial activity against eight bacteria tested in a concentration-dependent manner.
Morphology and anatomy of the fruit and seed of Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson
Authors: Ferawati Oktia Nurhayani  , ARUM SEKAR WULANDARI  , TATIEK KARTIKA SUHARSI
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Nurhayani FO, Wulandari AS, Suharsi TK. 2019. Morphology and anatomy of the fruit and seed of Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson. Biodiversitas 20: 3199-3206. Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson is one of the Annonaceae family which has high benefits for humans such as constructions, furniture, cosmetics, perfumes, and traditional medicines. The planting efforts were needed to support the existence of these plants. These plants have low regeneration and germination. The morphology and anatomy of fruit and seed could enhance the understanding of the reproductive biology in the species. There is little information about the morphology and anatomy of fruit and seed of C. odorata var. odorata forma genuina. The aim of this study is to understand the morphology and anatomy of fruit and seed of C. odorata. The morphologic description was made from the analysis of the fresh fruits and seeds. The anatomical description was made from the analysis of permanent slides with longitudinal sections of the fruits and seeds. The samples were fixed, dehydrated, alcoholized, embedding in paraffin, and stained with safranin-fast green. Data analysis consists of the morphological observation (shape, color, size and the number of seeds per fruits) and the anatomical observation (the pericarp layers of fruit, the seed coat layers, and the structure in the seed). The fruit of C. odorata var. odorata forma genuina was fleshy, ovoid or obovoid, 0.98-2.75 cm long, 0.42-1.63 cm in diameter, and contain 1-12 seeds. The seeds were pale brown, flattened, ovoid, and hard. The fruit anatomy showed that the pericarp layers derived from parenchymatous cells and differentiated into three zones, i.e. exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp. The seed has ruminated endosperm with irregular folds. The seed coat was divided into three integuments, i.e. outer, middle, and inner integument. The information about the fruit and seed anatomy of C. odorata var. odorata forma genuina might enhance the understanding of future studies regarding natural reproduction and conservation programs with generative propagation.
TomoGAN: low-dose synchrotron x-ray tomography with generative adversarial networks: discussion
Authors: Liu Zhengchun , Bicer Tekin , Kettimuthu Rajkumar , Gursoy Doga , De Carlo Francesco , Foster Ian
Published: January 2020

Synchrotron-based x-ray tomography is a noninvasive imaging technique
that allows for reconstructing the internal structure of materials at
high spatial resolutions from tens of micrometers to a few nanometers.
In order to resolve sample features at smaller length scales, however,
a higher radiation dose is required. Therefore, the limitation on the
achievable resolution is set primarily by noise at these length
scales. We present TomoGAN, a denoising technique based on generative
adversarial networks, for improving the quality of reconstructed
images for low-dose imaging conditions. We evaluate our approach in
two photon-budget-limited experimental conditions: (1) sufficient
number of low-dose projections (based on Nyquist sampling), and
(2) insufficient or limited number of high-dose projections. In both
cases, the angular sampling is assumed to be isotropic, and the photon
budget throughout the experiment is fixed based on the maximum
allowable radiation dose on the sample. Evaluation with both simulated
and experimental datasets shows that our approach can significantly
reduce noise in reconstructed images, improving the structural
similarity score of simulation and experimental data from 0.18 to 0.9
and from 0.18 to 0.41, respectively. Furthermore, the quality of the
reconstructed images with filtered back projection followed by our
denoising approach exceeds that of reconstructions with the
simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique, showing the
computational superiority of our approach.
Composite nanostructured design for dynamic control of metasurface holograms
Authors: Jia Shiqi , Liu Juan , Khalid Ata Ur Rahman , Pi Dapu
Published: January 2020

Metasurface holograms that can be dynamically controlled have attracted wide attention and been realized in many ways. In particular, the phase change materials (PCMs) that can be switched into amorphous and crystalline states at high speed by external thermal stimulation are one of the most promising candidates to break the limitations of material properties and fixed structures. Here we propose a metasurface hologram that aims to realize a dual display that can reconstruct different images by annealing thermal stimulation. The designed metasurface incorporates alternated chalcogenide PCMs cubes and sector columns that possess uniform amplitude and full

2

π

phase coverage. Simplicity and compactness make this metadevice able to be easily integrated into various applications such as memory storage, augmented reality, anti-counterfeiting, and so on.
Power scaling and spectral linewidth suppression of hybrid Brillouin/thulium fiber laser
Authors: Shi Chaodu , Sheng Quan , Fu Shijie , Sun Shuai , Zhang Junxiang , Shi Wei , Yao Jianquan
Published: January 2020

In this paper, an ultra-narrow linewidth hybrid Brillouin/thulium fiber laser (BTFL) was demonstrated. By optimizing the output coupling, pump scheme, fiber length and Brillouin pump power for the linewidth narrowing, 344-mW output power with a narrow linewidth of 0.93 kHz was obtained from the BTFL, in which the linewidth of Stokes light was suppressed more than 43 times compared with the 40 kHz linewidth of the Brillouin pump. Besides, the influences of output coupling and pump scheme on the power and linewidth behavior of a single-frequency BTFL were also experimentally investigated, and there exists a performance balance among linewidth narrowing, output power and SBS threshold. The output coupling exerted a significant influence on the BTFL performance.
Tunable polymer lasing in chirped cavities
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Cui Li-Bin , Zhang Xiao , Tong Jun-Hua , Zhai Tianrui
Published: January 2020

Continuously tunable polymer lasing was achieved in one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and compound chirped cavities. The chirped cavity was simply fabricated by using interference lithography and spin coating. Two-dimensional and compound chirped cavities were obtained by employing oblique exposure and double exposure, respectively. The tunability range of two-dimensional chirped cavities was much wider than that of one-dimensional chirped cavities, which varied from 557 nm to 582 nm. The interaction between lasing modes was studied in the compound cavity by introducing an additional nanostructure into the two-dimensional chirped cavities. The threshold of the compound chirped cavities changed with the coupling strength between lasing modes. These results may be helpful for designing compact polymer laser sources.
Learning-based method to reconstruct complex targets through scattering medium beyond the memory effect
Authors: Guo Enlai , Zhu Shuo , Sun Yan , Bai Lianfa , Zuo Chao , Han Jing
Published: January 2020

Strong scattering medium brings great difficulties to image objects. Optical memory effect makes it possible to image through strong random scattering medium in a limited angle field-of-view (FOV). The limitation of FOV results in a limited optical memory effect range, which prevents the optical memory effect to be applied to real imaging applications. In this paper, a kind of practical convolutional neural network called PDSNet (Pragmatic De-scatter ConvNet) is constructed to image objects hidden behind different scattering media. The proposed method can expand at least 40 times of the optical memory effect range with a average PSNR above 24dB, and enable to image complex objects in real time, even for objects with untrained scales. The provided experiments can verify its accurateness and efficiency.
Enhanced injection efficiency and light output in bottom tunnel-junction light-emitting diodes
Authors: Bharadwaj Shyam , Miller Jeffrey , Lee Kevin , Lederman Joshua , Siekacz Marcin , Xing Huili (Grace) , Jena Debdeep , Skierbiszewski Czesław , Turski Henryk
Published: January 2020

Recently, the use of bottom-TJ geometry in LEDs, which achieves N-polar-like alignment of polarization fields in conventional metal-polar orientations, has enabled enhancements in LED performance due to improved injection efficiency. Here, we elucidate the root causes behind the enhanced injection efficiency by employing mature laser diode structures with optimized heterojunction GaN/In0.17Ga0.83N/GaN TJs and UID GaN spacers to separate the optical mode from the heavily doped absorbing p-cladding regions. In such laser structures, polarization offsets at the electron blocking layer, spacer, and quantum barrier interfaces play discernable roles in carrier transport. By comparing a top-TJ structure to a bottom-TJ structure, and correlating features in the electroluminescence, capacitance-voltage, and current-voltage characteristics to unique signatures of the N- and Ga-polar polarization heterointerfaces in energy band diagram simulations, we identify that improved hole injection at low currents, and improved electron blocking at high currents, leads to higher injection efficiency and higher output power for the bottom-TJ device throughout 5 orders of current density (0.015–1000 A/cm2). Moreover, even with the addition of a UID GaN spacer, differential resistances are state-of-the-art, below 7 × 10−4 Ωcm2. These results highlight the virtues of the bottom-TJ geometry for use in high-efficiency laser diodes.
Bendable disordered metamaterials for broadband terahertz invisibility
Authors: Liu Dong , Hong Yu-Liang , Fan Ren-Hao , Jing Hao , Peng Ru-Wen , Lai Yun , Huang Xian-Rong , Sun Cheng , Wang Mu
Published: January 2020

We experimentally demonstrate a bendable cloaking structure composed of obliquely stacked planar metallic shells that individually enclose the objects to be hidden. The ensemble of shells acts as a disordered oblique grating capable of bending along a curved structure and exhibits broadband invisibility from 0.2 to 1.0 THz. Hiding cloaked objects sized hundreds of microns could prevent the detection of certain powders that are sensitive to terahertz waves; such a cloaking structure can also be considered as a shape-changing passageway that transfers the electromagnetic waves without interfering with them. Our approach provides a unique way to achieve broadband electromagnetic invisibility.
Asymmetric direct detection of twin-SSB signals
Authors: Li Xueyang , Zhu Mingyue , Xing Zhenping , O’Sullivan Maurice , Plant David V.
Published: January 2020

We propose the asymmetric direct detection (ADD) of twin-single sideband (SSB) signals based on a simple receiver front-end composed of one optical filter and two photodiodes. ADD exploits the photocurrent difference between a filtered and unfiltered signal pair to reconstruct and linearize the received twin-SSB signal with a high electrical spectral efficiency (ESE). We evaluate the performance impact of the critical system parameters on ADD and demonstrate 231 Gb/s net rate 16-QAM twin-SSB transmission with 6.03 b/s/Hz ESE over an 80 km standard single-mode fiber below the

1

×

10

−
2

hard-decision forward error correction threshold. We also found that the bit error rate performance of ADD is robust against the relative center wavelength drifting of the optical filter.
744-nm wavelength conversion of PAM-4 signal using an AlGaAsOI nanowaveguide
Authors: Kong Deming , Pu Minhao , Liu Yong , Zheng Yi , Semenova Elizaveta , Yvind Kresten , Katsuo Oxenløwe Leif , Galili Michael , Hu Hao
Published: January 2020

Exploring new frequency bands for optical transmission is essential to overcome the capacity crunch. The 2-µm band is becoming a research spotlight due to available broadband thulium-doped fiber amplifiers as well as low-latency, low-loss hollow-core fibers. Yet most of the 2-µm band devices designed for optical communication are still in their infancy. In this Letter, we propose wavelength conversion based on four-wave mixing in a highly nonlinear AlGaAsOI nanowaveguide to bridge the 2-µm band and the conventional bands. Due to the strong light confinement of the AlGaAsOI nanowaveguide, high-order phase match is enabled by dispersion engineering to achieve a large synergetic conversion bandwidth with high conversion efficiency. Simulation results show a possible conversion bandwidth over an octave. An AlGaAsOI nanowaveguide with 3-mm length and a nominal cross-section dimension of320nm×680nmis used for the wavelength conversion of a 10 Gbit/s non-return-to-zero on–off keying signal and a 10 Gbit/s Nyquist-shaped four-level pulse-amplitude modulation signal. A conversion efficiency of−28dBis achieved using a 17.5-dBm continuous-wave pump in the C band, with 744 nm conversion from 1999.65 to 1255.35 nm.
Transfer printing of AlGaAs-on-SOI microdisk resonators for selective mode coupling and low-power nonlinear processes
Authors: McPhillimy John , May Stuart , Klitis Charalambos , Guilhabert Benoit , Dawson Martin D. , Sorel Marc , Strain Michael J.
Published: January 2020

The transfer printing of aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) microdisk resonators onto a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguide platform is demonstrated. The integrated resonators exhibit loaded

Q

-factors reaching

4
×

10
4

, and the vertical assembly approach allows selective coupling to different spatial mode families. The hybrid platform’s nonlinearity is characterized by four-wave mixing with a measured nonlinear coefficient of

γ
=
325

(

W
m

)

−
1

, with the devices demonstrating minimal two-photon absorption and free-carrier absorption losses that are inherent to SOI at telecommunications wavelengths.
Sobre o sistema mundial e a construção de alternativas
Authors: Vitorino Fontes Paulo
Published: January 2020

As transformações estruturais da economia mundial e as mudanças na cultura política das sociedades condicionam a relação das pessoas com a esfera da política. Neste sentido, ao explorarmos as alternativas que se produzem no sistema mundial, recorrendo a vários contributos da investigação sociológica e política, pretende-se contribuir para a reflexão em torno das dificuldades e das potencialidades que os recentes movimentos sociais alternativos apresentam. Pretende-se explorar os diferentes comportamentos sociais que se expressam na ação coletiva e expor as dificuldades da imaginação política que condicionam a construção de um pensamento crítico alternativo.
Medios de comunicación y neoliberalismo en Argentina
Authors: Francia Juan Luis
Published: January 2020

En este trabajo se utiliza una muestra de noticias desde 2015 a 2019 procedentes de tres de los principales periódicos argentinos y de algunos medios de comunicación digitales del mismo país para desarrollar una reflexión sobre la relación entre mass media y poder. Los resultados sugieren que la prensa es un brazo de las políticas de lawfare aplicadas en Argentina al servicio de implementar políticas neoliberales y en desmedro del régimen democrático. La oposición política y los llamados líderes populistas han sido sistemáticamente descalificados, ridiculizados y calumniados. Mientras, con un poderoso ariete comunicacional se logró instalar en la presidencia de Argentina en el año 2015 a Mauricio Macri, un personaje con una carrera política breve y numerosos escándalos en su historial que lo vinculaban con el contrabando, las escuchas ilegales y la corrupción.
Entrevista a Andrés Piqueras Infante: “Separando sociedad civil de sociedad política, seremos impotentes tanto los unos como los otros”
Authors: Caparrós Gironés Pau , Català Oltra Lluís
Published: January 2020

Hablar con Andrés Piqueras es experimentar una extraña mixtura entre tranquilidad e intensidad, entre la gravedad de sus palabras y el sosiego de su discurso. Un discurso que ha ido ganando en concreción, capacidad didáctica y compromiso, para servir de referencia a cierta parte de la academia y el conjunto de la sociedad con aspiración transformadora. Andrés es un madrileño que, cuando llegó a la Universitat de València para desarrollar su tesis sobre las bases de la identidad valenciana, pensó que era imprescindible hablar en valenciano con sus entrevistados y ahora su catalán dialectal fluye prácticamente como su lengua materna, en un territorio donde la situación diglósica compromete muy poco a los recién llegados. Es un ejemplo como los hay otros muchos, actualmente sobre todo en la línea de asumir un compromiso con aquellas vías que él valora más útiles para acercarse al objetivo último del socialismo (a pesar de la dureza del diagnóstico). En lo curricular, Andrés Piqueras es desde hace tiempo profesor titular del departamento de Filosofía y Sociología de la Universitat Jaume I de Castelló, y es un científico social marxista cuyos campos de investigación son las crisis del capitalismo, los movimientos sociales y las identidades y sujetos colectivos, las migraciones transnacionales y los procesos socioculturales ligados a la fase actual del capitalismo. También ha sido profesor invitado en numerosas universidades, especialmente de América Latina. El momento político-intelectual de Piqueras podría condensarse en cuatro obras: La opción reformista, entre el despotismo y la revolución: una explicación del capitalismo histórico a través de la lucha de clase (2014), Capitalismo mutante. Crisis y lucha social en un sistema en degeneración (2015), La tragedia de nuestro tiempo. La destrucción de la sociedad y la naturaleza por el capital (2017) y Las sociedades de las personas sin valor (2018). Conversamos especialmente en el marco de esta producción reciente, pero también en segundo plano en tanto que lector temprano de nuestra revista, que en su volumen 0 entrevistó a Raúl Zibechi. El escritor y activista uruguayo desplegó un discurso propio de una izquierda de la que Andrés no se siente exactamente partícipe y explica por qué en esta estimulante entrevista.
Эволюция административного каркаса земельно-арендного хозяйства Кабинета на Алтае в 80-х — первой половине 90-х гг. XIX в.
Authors: Кухаренко Алексей Евгеньевич , Сковородников Александр Васильевич , Куденко Наталья Валерьевна
Published: January 2020

Рассматривается процесс развития административной конструкции земельно-арендного хозяйства в Алтайском горном округе, которая была обозначена авторами как «административный каркас», в период между административными реформами 1883 и 1896 гг. Авторы анализируют появление и структуру Земельной части, которая должна была заниматься арендой в округе, а также указывают на то, что практически сразу стала понятна ее недостаточность. Прослеживается постепенное распространение обязанностей по надзору за арендаторами и сбору арендных денег к другим окружным структурам, приводится упрощенная управленческая модель земельно-арендного хозяйства. Эта модель состояла из горных чиновников, заведовавших арендой в заводских дачах; лесничих, занимавшихся оброчными статьями в пределах лесных массивов; смотрителей Боровых и Бурлинских соляных озер, надзиравших за арендными участками Кулундинской, Соляной и Карасуксой степей; чиновников по сбору аренды, отвечавших в пределах закрепленного района за состояние отрасли на остальных землях округа. Кроме того, периодически с помощью специальных командировок в каркас включались служащие окружной администрации. Авторы установили, что к концу рассматриваемого периода управление земельными и лесными ресурсами округа осуществляли 20 административно-хозяйственных единиц без четкого районирования и разделения обязанностей, что приводило к хаосу и путанице. Делается вывод, что административный каркас отставал от развития хозяйственного пространства земельно-арендных отношений и не мог обеспечить эффективное распределение нарастающей нагрузки. Это логичным образом подвело кабинетскую администрацию к новой реформе 1896 г.
Из истории образования на Алтае: польские школы в Барнауле (1940-1946 гг.)
Authors: Никулина Ирина Николаевна , Литвинова Оксана Александровна
Published: January 2020

В статье освещен процесс функционирования школ для польских детей, оказавшихся в условиях Второй мировой войны на территории Сибири, в том числе в Барнауле и на близлежащей к городу территории. Авторы уточнили фактологические сведения о школах, содержащиеся в публикациях других исследователей. Для этого были введены в научный оборот не привлекаемые ранее архивные материалы и документы из Музея Независимости в Варшаве. Авторы изучили официальные сведения об этнической принадлежности учеников барнаульских школ и сделали вывод о возможном обучении в школах города детей поляков-спецпереселенцев. Отмечено несоответствие информации о числе польских школ, представленной в публикациях польских исследователей, сведениям, обнаруженным в настоящий момент в региональном архиве. В связи с этим сформулировано предположение, что информация о некоторых польских школах могла не попасть в официальные документы отдела народного образования Барнаула. Поднят вопрос о соотношении субъективных и объективных факторов в процессе развития польского национального образования на территории СССР, в том числе в Барнауле. Авторы обратили внимание на материальную помощь, которая была оказана региональным отделением Союза польских патриотов польской школе и польскому детскому дому.
Характеристика документов личного происхождения по истории сибирского купечества второй половины XIX — начала XX в.
Authors: Колокольцева Наталья Юрьевна
Published: January 2020

Рассматриваются особенности создания источников личного происхождения второй половины XIX — начала XX в. Центральным является вопрос о видовом разнообразии источников. Определен круг исследовательских задач, которые могут быть решены с привлечением источников. При характеристике документов личного происхождения выявлены информационные возможности, аргументировано доказано, что при всей субъективности содержания источника он позволяет произвести полную историческую реконструкцию социальной истории рассматриваемого периода.

Обозначены терминологические расхождения при работе с данной группой источников. Были проанализированы источниковедческие исследования ведущих историков по вопросу классификации источников личного происхождения. Охарактеризована специфика формирования источников купеческого происхождения во второй половине XIX — начале XX в. Данная социальная группа ни в предшествующий, ни в последующий периоды не отличалась таким количеством попыток фиксирования исторической памяти, что является отображением глубоких кризисных процессов в социальной сфере. Это попытки определения своего места в России пореформенного периода.
THERE IS NO DISCRIMINATION BETWEEN GIRLS AND BOYS!
Authors: DEMIRAL SERAN
Published: January 2020

This paper refers to a selected fragmant, which is about children’s gendered behaviours and children’s thoughts on gender issue, of an ethnographic study on children’s subjectivitation processes through digital technologies. For this whole study, philosophy for children approach was used as a technique to conduct focus group interviews with children in a periodical basis. The selected parts for this paper are based on three different sections of those interviews; first one is about children’s opinions on gender roles, referring to gendered occupations and plays for kids, the second one is also conducted to reveal the hidden discourses on gender in real society and virtual world which has been built on the existed world, and lastly adult-children hierarchical relations, was debated with children in order to connect this distinction to gender differences, will be mentioned.
A THINKING PIECE. THE ROLE OF LANGUAGE IN EDUCATION FOR PEACE
Authors: ETEMADIBOUSHERI SANAZ
Published: January 2020

Iran is a country of great ethnic diversity. Although the official language of the country is Farsi, more than 8 other languages and hundreds of dialects are spoken throughout the country. This great ethnic diversity has led to emergence and growth of different cultures and religions (both official and non-official). This great diversity has potential for cultural growth and development. In recent years, many non-governmental organizations have made great efforts to teach children peace in different ways. The biggest motivation for these trainings are: to end misbelieves toward education, and professing to equal citizenship rights for all the ethnic groups. In the past 20 years, the issue of the right to equal education has been a hot topic of discussion in most non-governmental children’s researches. This refers to the promotion of peace culture, by peace-based educational programs for all age groups, from the beginning pre-school education stages. A group of active consultants and educational planners did a lot of work in this way. They held lots of workshops and meetings, and achieved successful programs with positive results.
Novel benzimidazole-based conjugated polyelectrolytes: synthesis, solution photophysics and fluorescent sensing of metal ions
Authors: Wei Yuhan , Xu Lei , He Shengjiao , Li Chenglei , Wu Qi , Zeng Xianyin , Wang Hanguang , Liu Kuan
Published: January 2020

Two benzimidazole-based conjugated polyelectrolytes (+)-PPBIPV and (-)-PPBIPV which have opposite charges on their side chains were synthesized via Heck coupling reaction and characterized by 1H-NMR, UV-vis and PL spectroscopy. These two polyelectrolytes are both consisted of benzimidazole derivatives and phenylenevinylene units. The absorption and emission spectra reveal that the polymers both have solvent-dependency and concentration-dependency, and they exhibit aggregation effect in aqueous solution. In the respect of ion detection, the aqueous solution of (+)-PPBIPV has excellent selectivity and sensitivity for Fe3+. Moreover, Pd2+ can almost completely quench the fluorescence of (+)-PPBIPV in methanol solution, and its quenching constant K
SV is 5.93×104 M-1. For (-)-PPBIPV, Sn2+ can double the fluorescence intensity of its aqueous solution, while (-)-PPBIPV has good identification for Fe3+ in methanol with a K
SV = 3.44×105 M-1. Hence, two polyelectrolytes have considerable potential to become effective fluorescent sensing materials for some specific metal ions. All of the stoichiometric relationships between metal ions and conjugated polyelectrolytes were calculated using Benesi-Hildebrand equation.
Planning the peninsula-wide recovery of the Iberian lynx: identification of favourable habitat areas
Authors: Garrote Germán , Fernández-López Javier , Rojas Eva , López Guillermo , Simón Miguel Angel
Published: January 2020

The creation of new populations through reintroductions in their former range is still necessary for the long-term conservation of the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus). A large-scale assessment of habitat suitability is a necessary prerequisite for evaluating the possibility of carrying out lynx reintroductions. We modelled habitat suitability for the Iberian lynx in the Iberian Peninsula using MaxEnt. Lynx presence data for 2010–2013 from Andujar-Cardeña and Doñana populations were used. Habitat variables were quantified using the CORINE Land Cover. This habitat suitability model predicted an environmentally suitable area of 87,747 km2, which represents 14.08% of the whole Iberian Peninsula. Of the total suitable habitat identified, 45% is located in a large continuous area in the south-western quadrant coinciding with the historical range of the species in the mid-20th century. However, there are also relevant patches mainly in the north-eastern quadrant. About 55% of the potential area suitable for the lynx falls outside protected areas. If Iberian lynx populations are to attain levels that will facilitate their long-term survival, it will be necessary to consider potential habitat for the species throughout the whole of the Iberian Peninsula.
Decolonial Information Practices: Repatriating and Stewarding the Popol Vuh Online
Authors: de los Monteros Pamela Espinosa
Published: January 2020

The digitization and online dissemination of the Popol Vuh, a historical indigenous knowledge work, poses distinct ethical, legal, intellectual, and technological concerns for humanities researchers and information practitioners seeking to study and digitally curate works through a decolonized consciousness. Ongoing debates on data sovereignty, the repatriation of cultural artifacts, and cultural appropriation question the ability of researchers and information practitioners to effectively steward indigenous knowledge works in a digital environment. While consensus on best practices for the postcolonial digital library or archive remain to be established, information inequity continues to persist, effacing indigenous knowledge, languages, and content from the knowledge society. The following case study will discuss the results of a 10-year multi-institutional initiative to curate, repatriate, and steward the reproduction of an indigenous knowledge work online. From the vantage point of the library, the case study will explore the project’s successes, failures, and the work left to be done.
The Cumulative Effect of Transient Synchrony States on Motor Performance in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Tinkhauser Gerd , Torrecillos Flavie , Pogosyan Alek , Mostofi Abteen , Bange Manuel , Fischer Petra , Tan Huiling , Hasegawa Harutomo , Glaser Martin , Muthuraman Muthuraman , Groppa Sergiu , Ashkan Keyoumars , Pereira Erlick A. , Brown Peter
Published: January 2020

Bursts of beta frequency band activity in the basal ganglia of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are associated with impaired motor performance. Here we test in human adults whether small variations in the timing of movement relative to beta bursts have a critical effect on movement velocity and whether the cumulative effects of multiple beta bursts, both locally and across networks, matter. We recorded local field potentials from the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in 15 PD patients of both genders OFF-medication, during temporary lead externalization after deep brain stimulation surgery. Beta bursts were defined as periods exceeding the 75th percentile amplitude threshold. Subjects performed a visual cued joystick reaching task, with the visual cue being triggered in real time with different temporal relationships to bursts of STN beta activity. The velocity of actions made in response to cues prospectively triggered by STN beta bursts was slower than when responses were not time-locked to recent beta bursts. Importantly, slow movements were those that followed multiple bursts close to each other within a trial. In contrast, small differences in the delay between the last burst and movement onset had no significant impact on velocity. Moreover, when the overlap of bursts between the two STN was high, slowing was more pronounced. Our findings suggest that the cumulative, but recent, history of beta bursting, both locally and across basal ganglia networks, may impact on motor performance.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBursts of beta frequency band activity in the basal ganglia are associated with slowing of voluntary movement in patients with Parkinson's disease. We show that slow movements are those that follow multiple bursts close to each other and bursts that are coupled across regions. These results suggest that the cumulative, but recent, history of beta bursting, both locally and across basal ganglia networks, impacts on motor performance in this condition. The manipulation of burst dynamics may be a means of selectively improving motor impairment.
Fantasmagórica en la Modernidad: cuerpos e identidades expulsas
Authors: Rojas Hernández Aníbal Alejandro
Published: January 2020

Mujeres, negros, indios y aquella physis que inspiró a los presocráticos fueron separados e invisibilizados de la Modernidad. No solo mediante una racionalidad subjetiva que se endosaba ser faro de luz, sino también a través de las transformaciones en las relaciones sociales que habían servido como fundamento de aquella. Los cuerpos de mujeres y negros debían ser sometidos a trabajos sin valor, y las primeras, además, a ser fuente reproductora de trabajadores libres; indios y naturaleza, a ser seres irracionales que en el mejor de los casos sirven como folclor y entretención romántica de ese pasado del que Latinoamérica no se siente partícipe. Todas y cada una de esas identificaciones fluctúan expulsando de la modernidad a sujetos que pueden ser despojados de su fuerza de trabajo para la acumulación de riqueza y el afianzamiento de las condiciones que hicieron posible la existencia del capital como un sistema político, social, económico y cultural. La visibilización y reivindicación de esa subalternidad aparentemente denota la superación de la realidad actual y se presenta como la opción más viable en medio de las emergencias en las que se encuentra la Modernidad y todo su entramado fantasmagórico.
Crítica al marxismo estándar, al socialismo real y al anarquismo bakuninista desde la perspectiva liberacionista
Authors: Ochoa Gómez J. Alfredo
Published: January 2020

En su libro Política de la liberación. Volumen ii: arquitectónica, Enrique Dussel emprende el análisis de la filosofía política burguesa para de­construir el orden vigente que instauró la modernidad colonizadora, e incluye alternativas como el marxismo estándar, el socialismo real y el anarquismo de izquierda.En este sentido, el presente texto rastrea la disquisición del maestro de la liberación latinoamericana por todo el eje de la crítica enunciada y a través de las principales categorías que desarrolla en su arqui­tectónica, a saber: 1) en los niveles de la acción estratégica; 2) en el nivel político-institucional; 3) en el nivel de los principios implícitos fundamentales.Por otro lado, se sugiere un equívoco conceptual en el que Dussel incurriría acerca del anarquismo de izquierda —craso error tratándo­se de la teoría política que junto al marxismo ha acometido la lucha revolucionaria contra el orden burgués—. Este señalamiento no debe confundirse con una empresa antitética a la dusseliana pues se reco­noce como expresión disidente pero comprometida con el proceso liberacionista.
Crítica de la razón eurocéntrica a través del concepto de naturaleza en Marx: sacralización de la tierra y el cuerpo
Authors: Acevedo Oquendo Rogelio
Published: January 2020

La tradicional lectura que se hace de Marx como continuador de Hegel, pero ateo y determinista económico o histórico, falsea el propio pensa­miento del pensador alemán. Alfred Schmidt y Enrique Dussel, entre otros, muestran en qué medida se trata de un Marx desconocido aún en los medios académicos. Este desconocimiento reviste una inevitable banalización de su legado, lo que dificulta el ejercicio pedagógico-político que pueda inspirar el avance social en América Latina. Aclarar en qué fallan estas miradas nos permite encontrar críticas a la razón eurocéntrica, aun cuando el propio Marx fuese eurocéntrico. Tal lectura se hace posible redefiniendo estos aspectos usualmente asociados al marxismo y buscando en qué medida resulta poseurocéntrica. Se trata de poner en cuestión las concepciones de historia, ciencia y naturaleza, alrededor de la antropología materialista —no ontológica— presente en la obra de Marx.Nos proponemos reflexionar sobre esas cuatro líneas problemáticas en torno a Hegel y Marx —el ateísmo, el determinismo económico e histórico, la idea de historia y la relación entre ciencia y naturaleza— que se construyen a la luz de la filosofía materialista marxiana. A partir de las relaciones puestas en juego allí sería posible establecer las bases de una comprensión de la naturaleza —la tierra y el cuerpo— más allá del sesgo de la razón instrumental, ecocida, inmoral y desacralizadora. Una concepción que podría entrar en diálogo con las cosmovisiones indígenas del planeta.
Indicador económico para la evaluación de la gestión municipal de los residuos valorizables en Costa Rica
Authors: Salazar-Acuña Esteban
Published: January 2020

[Introducción]: La gestión integral de los residuos sólidos es uno de los grandes desafíos de las ciudades, especialmente en los países en vías de desarrollo. Uno de los principales problemas es la falta de indicadores que faciliten la evaluación y la toma de decisiones. [Objetivo]: Proponer un indicador multivariado de valoración económica que permita la optimización al evaluar los procesos de gestión integral de residuos en el nivel municipal. [Metodología]: Se aplicó la Inversión Ambiental Remanente (IA) al programa municipal de gestión de residuos valorizables de la Municipalidad de Belén, entre el 2015 y el 2018. [Resultados]: Se encontró que la inversión realizada en la gestión de residuos valorizables no cubrió las necesidades del programa; lo que implica que existe un déficit en la inversión, la cual es asumida por este gobierno local. [Conclusiones]: El indicador propuesto permite la evaluación y comparación en la gestión de los residuos. El indicador no es compatible con los indicadores oficiales utilizados en el país. Sin embargo, provee información comparativa que permite una visión holística de los procesos municipales de valorización de residuos.
Planes de manejo de las áreas silvestres protegidas en Paraguay: un análisis histórico
Authors: Espínola-Torres María Soledad , Amarilla-Rodríguez Stella Mary , Pinazzo Jorge
Published: January 2020

[Introducción]: El Sistema Nacional de Áreas Silvestres Protegidas del Paraguay debe armonizar objetivos de conservación de la biodiversidad, siendo gestionadas y manejadas bajo criterios de efectividad. Con más de 25 años de vigencia, no se ha sistematizado la información referida a la disponibilidad de los planes de manejo, por tanto, un vacío de información requerido para su apropiada gestión y manejo. [Objetivo]: Analizar la disponibilidad histórica de planes de manejo en las áreas protegidas y los factores que condicionan su elaboración. [Metodología]: Se caracterizaron las áreas protegidas en cuanto a la disponibilidad histórica de dichos planes desde 1973 al 2018. Hemos utilizado la consulta a informantes clave, la sistematización de información, el diseño de la base de datos, el análisis documental, talleres con personas expertas y el mapeo de los resultados. [Resultados]: Se determinó que 42 áreas protegidas registraron plan de manejo, anteriormente o en la actualidad; donde 14 corresponden al subsistema público, 18 al privado y 10 al especial. Se detectó que el diseño de estos requiere de financiamiento suficiente para su preparación, considerable información técnica de base y tiempo. Otro aspecto detectado señala el difícil acceso a los documentos, pese a su naturaleza pública. [Conclusiones]: En su mayoría, las áreas protegidas no registraron plan de manejo hasta el año 2005, posterior a este, se ha incrementado la cantidad asociado a las oportunidades de financiamiento externo y la capacidad técnica científica en el nivel país. Aspectos que deben ser potenciados para el fortalecimiento del sistema nacional de conservación.
El río Reventazón: producción de energía y gestión ambiental
Authors: Chaves Quirós Anny
Published: January 2020

El río Reventazón ha sido objeto de múltiples intervenciones, a fin de obtener de sus aguas la energía que sostiene una importante parte de la matriz eléctrica del país. Como parte de equipos de trabajo en gestión ambiental en el Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad (ICE), me correspondió participar en estudios de impacto ambiental en proyectos de desarrollo eléctrico en la cuenca del río Reventazón, con la oportunidad de integrar conocimientos y experiencias para identificar medidas que permitan evitar y mitigar los impactos, así como proponer opciones para la compensación de los impactos residuales. La definición de un caudal ambiental, con base en una metodología de tipo holístico, que resultó en un cambio en el diseño del proyecto, al igual que el desarrollo y ejecución de un modelo de compensación, en el cual se definió el compromiso de conservar al río Parismina como un río sin barreras, constituyen dos iniciativas impulsadas por el ICE, que lo ubican como referente en la gestión ambiental del país.
Stem cell therapies for equine tendinopathy
Authors: Smith Roger K.W.
Published: January 2020

Tendons can be injured through over-strain at a number of different sites. When injured outside a synovial cavity (extra-thecal), injuries frequently repair by fibrosis, but this tissue is functionally deficient compared to normal tendon. Stem cells offer the prospect of improving this repair to restore function and enable a successful restoration of activity while minimizing the risk of re-injury. Naturally occurring equine Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon (SDFT) overstrain injuries usually have a contained lesion, thereby enabling simple intra-tendinous injection and, by the time of stem cell implantation, is filled with granulation tissue which acts as a vascularized scaffold. An anabolic drive is provided by mechanical loading of the tendon and the suspension of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in bone marrow supernatant, which we have shown to have significant anabolic effects in vitro. To test the hypothesis that stem cells will enhance tendon healing, a controlled experimental study of naturally occurring SDFT injuries (n=12) has been performed (Smith et al. 2013). MSC treatment appeared to ‘normalize’ the tissue parameters so that they were closer to the contralateral, relatively normal, and untreated tendons than saline-injected controls, in spite of labelling experiments showing the majority of cells being lost within 24 hours (Becerra et al. 2013; Sole et al. 2013). A second adequately powered and independently analyzed study evaluated the clinical outcome of naturally occurring SDFT injuries treated using this technique (n=113), which showed a significantly reduced re-injury rate (Godwin et al. 2012). Intrasynovial (intra-thecal) tendon tears usually communicate with the synovial cavity where the synovial environment is particularly challenging for successful repair. However, MSCs administered intra-synovially failed to improve healing in either equine (naturally occurring) and ovine (induced) deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) tears (Khan et al. 2018). Labelling of the implanted cells showed them to lodge within the synovium with no cells present in the tendon defect. Scaffolds are likely to offer better advantages for enhancing repair of intra-thecal tendon tears.
Smart and advanced biomaterials for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering
Authors: Mata Alvaro
Published: January 2020

There is great interest to develop new materials with properties that resemble those of biological systems such as hierarchical organization, the capacity to grow or self-heal, and the ability to guide complex biological processes. These kinds of materials would open opportunities to engineer tissues with a much-needed higher level of complexity and overcome major obstacles in regenerative medicine. To this end, supramolecular chemistry offers an exciting opportunity to grow such materials from the bottom-up using molecules and processes found in nature. However, the ability to transform molecular and nano-scale design into functional devices with practical utility at the macroscale remains a challenge.The paper will describe new strategies that integrate supramolecular chemistry with engineering principles to develop practical materials with tuneable and advanced properties such as hierarchical organization, the capacity to grow, tuneable mechanical properties, and specific bioactivity (Inostroza-Brito et al. 2015; Aguilar et al. 2017; Elsharkawy et al. 2018; Hedegaard et al. 2018). These materials are being used towards new regenerative therapies of tissues such as enamel, bone, and blood vessels as well as creating more biologically relevant in vitro models.
Cognition After Early Tonsillectomy for Mild OSA
Authors: Waters Karen A. , Chawla Jasneek , Harris Margaret-Anne , Heussler Helen , Black Robert J. , Cheng Alan T. , Lushington Kurt
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVES:

It remains uncertain whether treatment with adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea in children improves cognitive function. The Preschool Obstructive Sleep Apnea Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy study was a prospective randomized controlled study in which researchers evaluated outcomes 12 months after adenotonsillectomy compared with no surgery in preschool children symptomatic for obstructive sleep apnea.

METHODS:

A total of 190 children (age 3–5 years) were randomly assigned to early adenotonsillectomy (within 2 months) or to routine wait lists (12-month wait, no adenotonsillectomy [NoAT]). Baseline and 12-month assessments included cognitive and behavioral testing, medical assessment, polysomnography, and audiology. The primary outcome was global IQ at 12-month follow-up, measured by the Woodcock Johnson III Brief Intellectual Ability (BIA). Questionnaires included the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire, Parent Rating Scale of the Behavioral Assessment System for Children–II, and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, Preschool Version.

RESULTS:

A total of 141 children (75.8%) attended baseline and 12-month assessments, and BIA was obtained at baseline and 12-month follow-up for 61 and 60 participants in the adenotonsillectomy versus NoAT groups, respectively. No cognitive gain was found after adenotonsillectomy compared with NoAT, adjusted for baseline; BIA scores at 12-month follow-up were as follows: adenotonsillectomy, 465.46 (17.9) versus NoAT, 463.12 (16.6) (mean [SD]). Improvements were seen for polysomnogram arousals and apnea indices and for parent reports of symptoms (Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire), behavior (Behavior Assessment System for Children behavioral symptoms, P = .04), overall health, and daytime napping.

CONCLUSIONS:

Structured testing showed no treatment-attributable improvement in cognitive functioning of preschool children 12 months after adenotonsillectomy compared with NoAT. Improvements were seen after adenotonsillectomy in sleep and behavior by using polysomnogram monitoring and parental questionnaires.