bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Socioeconomic Contextual Factors on Racial Differences in CFSR-3 Permanency Outcomes
Authors: Heaton Leanne , Sabol William , Baumann Miranda , Harison Arya , Goodell Charlotte
Published: January 2025

We examined the role of state and county socioeconomic contextual characteristics in explaining Black-White child differences in permanency within one year of foster care entry. We estimated race-specific hierarchical linear models consisting of individual-level demographic and case characteristics of children, state and county socioeconomic contextual factors, and CFSR-3 performance-improvement plans. Findings showed that socioeconomic contextual characteristics were significantly associated with permanency for Black and White children in different ways. Rises in per capita income increased permanency for Black and White children. Conversely, increases in unemployment and SNAP recipiency decreased permanency for Black and White children. Expansions in public welfare benefits for children in female headed households increased permanency for White children but decreased permanency for Black children. County variation in effects and the permanency gap between White and Black children imply the need for further race-specific research on the efficacy of localized, cross-system responses that address socioeconomic conditions.
The Promise of a Retreat: Perspectives of U.S. Women Veterans and Interdisciplinary Experts on the Development of a Retreat-Based Suicide Prevention Program for Violence-Exposed Women Veterans
Authors: Presseau Candice , Walls Sarah A. , Murray-Swank Nichole , Portnoy Galina A. , Decker Suzanne E. , Kroll-Desrosiers Aimee , Martino Steve
Published: January 2025

To supplement the mental health programming offered to women veterans within the Veterans Health Administration, a retreat-based suicide prevention program could foster healing through social connection and holistic health. However, no study has investigated retreat-based suicide prevention program components relevant for violence-exposed women veterans. To address this gap, we conducted focus groups with women veterans and semi-structured interviews with interdisciplinary subject matter experts to examine perceptions, beliefs, concerns, and preferences related to a retreat-based suicide prevention program for women veterans. Emergent themes included interest and appeal, concerns about program execution, and program preferences. Findings suggest that both women veterans and experts agree that a retreat-based suicide prevention program for women veterans is a promising and welcomed prevention strategy that may reduce suicide risk. Both interest groups emphasized that programming should be trauma-informed with training for program facilitators and attention to group dynamics.
Implementation and Evaluation of a High-Fidelity, Interprofessional Simulation Project Using Standardized Patients to Address Aggression in a Psychiatric Emergency Department
Authors: Bowllan Nancy M. , O’Brien Heather P. , Blackwood Courtney , Cross Wendi F. , Walsh Patrick
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Increased aggression in a regional Comprehensive Psychiatric Emergency Program (CPEP) led to a significant rise in physical assaults, restraints, and use of security personnel. Root cause analysis revealed a need for more extensive training on de-escalation, teamwork and communication.

Aims:

This quality improvement project evaluated the impact of an interprofessional, high-fidelity simulation project on interdisciplinary collaboration to manage de-escalation and aggression safely and effectively.

Methods:

Interdisciplinary team members ( N = 171 nurses, psychiatrists, social workers, crisis specialists, and safety officers) participated in a 2.5-hr educational initiative that included Crisis Prevention Intervention (CPI) and Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety (TeamSTEPPS) interventions, high-fidelity simulation using standardized patients, observation, and debriefing. Quantitative data collection and analysis included the use of the Confidence in Coping with Patient Aggression Instrument (CCPAI), TeamSTEPPS Perception Questionnaire (T-TPQ), pre–post data on restraints, injuries, and an educational survey. A qualitative analysis of debriefing themes was also performed.

Results:

Statistically significant improvement was noted in individuals’ confidence to manage aggression. In addition, data collected over a 5-month period before and after simulation demonstrated a 35% reduction in restraints and a 52% reduction in injuries. Interestingly, quantitative evidence revealed no changes in perceptions of teamwork. Results from the educational survey highlighted the positive impact of standardized patients and debriefing, and gaining new insights into patient care. Qualitative analysis of debriefing themes revealed educational opportunities to improve communication, role clarity, de-escalation, and insights into patient impact.

Conclusion:

The use of high-fidelity simulation with standardized patients has the potential to strengthen interdisciplinary collaboration to safely manage aggression in an acute psychiatric setting.
Infant Home Safety Programs for Parents to Prevent Injuries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kim Mi Hye , Kim Mi-Seon , Park SunHwa
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to create the foundation for developing infant home safety intervention programs by systematically reviewing the characteristics and effects of such programs designed for parents. A systematic literature search encompassing PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and CINAHL was conducted to select studies reported in English or Korean from 2003 to 2023. Out of the 5419 studies extracted, 7 were selected for review. The infant home safety topics by development were varied such as integrated safety or specific like burn and scalds safety or car safety. Most studies reported positive effects on safety behavior or practice. Moreover, various intervention methods, such as home visitations, home safety kit, brochures, counseling, discussions, videos, etc., were utilized. The systematic review suggests that complex topics are essential for parents with infants and for expectant parents. The findings provide foundational data for evidence-based practices and directions for infant home safety programs for parents in community.
Effect of acetate- and lactate-containing intravenous fluid on acid-base status, electrolytes and plasma lactate concentration in dehydrated cats
Authors: Banzhaf Isabel , Klein-Richers Ute , Heitland Annika , Hartmann Katrin , Dörfelt René
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Acetate (ACE) and lactate (LAC)-containing balanced resuscitation fluids are commonly used for fluid therapy in cats. These fluids can influence acid-base and electrolyte status. This prospective randomised study compared two balanced crystalloid solutions regarding their effect on acid-base status, electrolytes and LAC concentrations in dehydrated cats after intravenous fluid therapy.

Methods

A total of 100 client-owned cats presenting to the emergency service with dehydration ⩾5% due to diarrhoea, vomiting or anorexia were included in this study. They were randomised to receive either ACE- (Sterofundin ISO; B Braun Vet Care) or LAC-containing (Ringer-Laktat nach Hartmann; B. Braun Vet Care) fluids for rehydration. Exclusion criteria were age <6 months, severe electrolyte abnormalities, severely increased creatinine or bolus therapy, and decompensated heart disease and liver diseases. Vital parameters were assessed and venous blood gas analysis was performed before and after fluid therapy. Data were analysed using the Mann–Whitney U-test and the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test. The significance level was set at P ⩽0.05.

Results

Post-rehydration pH normalised, and bicarbonate and base excess increased in both groups. Anion gap and LAC and potassium concentrations decreased in both groups. No difference in electrolyte, acid-base status and LAC was observed between cats receiving ACE and cats receiving LAC.

Conclusions and relevance

Both fluids have similar effects on dehydrated cats’ acid-base status and electrolyte and LAC concentrations. No significant differences in values were found between ACE- and LAC-containing resuscitation fluids. Blood LAC concentration decreased in both groups.
Diagnostic and Predictive Recurrence Value of Plasma Fibrinogen in Patients With Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Authors: Ma Chengquan , Yang Bin , Mao Quanzong
Published: January 2025

Background:

The correlation between fibrinogen levels and adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the value of preoperative plasma fibrinogen as a biomarker for ACC.

Methods:

We identified 40 patients with ACC and 170 patients with adrenal adenoma (AA) who underwent surgery at our institution between 2015 and 2022. Plasma fibrinogen levels and postoperative tumor recurrence information of the patients were also recorded. For intergroup comparisons, data obtained from the AA and ACC groups were evaluated using a t-test. The cutoff value of fibrinogen level was determined using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results:

Mean fibrinogen levels in the AA and ACC groups were 2.81 ± 0.59 g/L and 3.88 ± 1.75 g/L, respectively ( P < .001). Fibrinogen level, which can help distinguish between AA and ACC, was evaluated using the ROC curve. The cutoff fibrinogen level was estimated as 3.87 g/L according to the Youden index. With this value, the sensitivity was 62.5%, specificity was 95.7%, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.74 ( P < .001). Fibrinogen level, which can help distinguish between recurrence and non-recurrence, was evaluated using the ROC curve. The cutoff fibrinogen level was estimated as 3.96 g/L according to the Youden index. The sensitivity, specificity, and AUC were 90%, 71.4%, and 0.85, respectively ( P < .001).

Conclusion:

According to the data in this study, plasma fibrinogen could be used to distinguish ACC from AA. Most importantly, plasma fibrinogen may be used to identify recurrence of postoperative ACC.
Seeing Energy Justice: Drone and Computer Visualisations of Renewable Energy Industries on Indigenous Lands in Native America and Australia
Authors: Fish Adam , Zeunert Joshua
Published: January 2025

As a key component of decarbonisation, many nations are undergoing an energy transition from fossil fuels to solar, wind, and other renewable energies. This is creating landscape transformations in ways prior energy regimes did not. Scholars, environmentalists, and Indigenous people are calling attention to how the renewable energy economy impacts the environment. This article reveals the findings of a practice-led project involving the production of drone-based images and the generation of scaled computer visualisations to present aerial views of existing, under-construction and proposed renewable energy industries on Indigenous lands in Australia and the United States. Research outcomes are an initial step in conceptualising energy justice and understanding what is being created and lost during the energy transition. More broadly, this research contributes to a theory of the politics of perception and how seeing is relative to technological perspective, energy regimes, and historical context.
The power of party to help voters overcome a participation obstacle in the United States
Authors: Niven David
Published: January 2025

Can partisanship itself – independent of any party mobilizing activity – help voters overcome participatory obstacles? Challenges for evaluating this question in normal circumstances abound as parties mobilize voters specifically based on their partisanship and in order to counter participatory hurdles they may face. Here, taking advantage of a quasi-experimental circumstance in which a targeted mobilizing effort was not feasible, I show that party membership itself reduced vulnerability to an unforeseeable electoral hurdle and did so even among a class of supervoters who participated in every recent election. Employing logistic regression and propensity matching to isolate the influence of party, the results show the inoculating effect of party applies not only to major U.S. parties (Democrats and Republicans), but also to adherents of minor parties, rendering partisans about 40% less likely to have their ballot thwarted. The results offer unique evidence that party loyalties have an effect independent of party mobilization and a stark warning that while party-less voters may not be the intended target of procedural voting hurdles, they are likely to bear the sternest burden of them.
Can tourism expenditure mitigate regional depopulation crises?
Authors: Xu Yan , Yang Eunjung
Published: January 2025

As birth rates decline and populations age, coupled with the growing concentration of people in major cities, many regions are experiencing severe population loss, which is leading to the functional extinction of communities. Policymakers have recognized the economic benefits of tourism in addressing regional depopulation, as visitors can revitalize communities and support their economic sustainability. However, action plans often overlook the locally varying effects of different types of tourism expenditures across diverse regions. This study examined whether tourism expenditure can mitigate regional depopulation and identified key expenditure categories for each region. We analyzed six tourism expenditure sectors for domestic and international tourists using a geospatial model across all districts in the Republic of Korea, which are critically facing these crises. The results revealed significant regional variations in the impacts of domestic and international tourism expenditures. These findings can help policymakers develop localized tourism supply-demand strategies to effectively address regional depopulation challenges.
Concepts and conditions of penal moderation: Penal policy, public philosophy, and political ideologies. Theoretical reflections from Italy (2010–2018)
Authors: Gallo Zelia
Published: January 2025

This article analyses the meaning and conditions of penal moderation, conceptualizing it as a spectrum between non-punitiveness and a public penal philosophy. It explores two examples of Italian penal policy—the decarceration provisions of 2010–2015, and the Stati Generali sull’Esecuzione Penale and 2017 Orlando Law—elaborating upon them to enrich the theoretical debate on penal parsimony and its relationship to democratic politics. The article explores the implications of ‘democratic disfigurements’ for penal moderation, explaining how they can stimulate short-term forms of non-punitiveness but militate against moderation as a public philosophy. It also discusses whether the ascendancy of these ‘democratic disfigurements’ signals an impoverishment of contemporary western politics that casts doubt on the possibility of a ‘better politics of crime’ in the absence of ‘better politics’.
Optimal intensity measure assessment and developing fragility curves for submerged intake towers under near-fault ground motions
Authors: Haghgou Hossein , Bigdeli Ali , Gholampour Aliakbar
Published: January 2025

This paper aims to study probabilistic seismic demand models (PSDMs) of intake tower structures under the forward-directivity effects of near-fault earthquakes numerically using finite element method. The relationship between earthquake parameters and structural response was depicted to investigate the onset of damage to the structure. Furthermore, seismic demand hazard curves were developed to indicate the annual possibility of surpassing a particular EDP for any certain IM while taking into account the hazard level of the site or area. Finally, seismic fragility curves for estimating the initial vulnerability of intake towers after the occurrence of earthquakes with and without the FD effect are demonstrated. The results show that near-fault records with NFD effects provide more predictivity in measuring potential hazards induced by the intake towers and choosing optimal IM criteria than those with FD effects. It is also demonstrated that, unlike earlier studies in the literature in which peak ground acceleration and spectral acceleration at the first natural period were commonly chosen as optimal IMs, ASI, Cordova Intensity, and Two-period Intensity can also be appropriate IMs for seismic vulnerability assessment of intake towers.
Troubling power and knowledge creation dynamics through research subject inter-viewing: critically exploring the field of possibilities
Authors: Rådesjö Megan
Published: January 2025

Interviewing is a commonly used qualitative method in social scientific research. However, researchers departing from feminist theories have long been critical of power and knowledge creation dynamics in the context of this method. In contribution to this literature, this article aims to introduce research subject inter-viewing, which is an interview guide-facilitated audio- or video-recorded interview between at least two research subjects. The researcher is the organiser and coordinator but is not present during the interview. Instead, the research subjects interview each other about the problem or phenomenon that the researcher delineates through interview topics, questions or vignettes. In this article, I critically explore research subject inter-viewing's field of possibilities through seven research subject interviews with fourteen participants. In this critical exploration, research subject inter-viewing changed the power and knowledge creation dynamics during the interview process. It shifted to a dynamic between research subjects changing the scope of knowledge creation through the research subjects’ initiatives. Therefore, research subject inter-viewing contributes an alternative approach to interviewing that facilitates a transformative shift of power dynamics and opens new ways of co-creating sensitive or cultural knowledge in an interview setting.
Development of silver nanoparticles infiltrated PLA films for food packaging
Authors: Kawale Ashlesha , Shukla Sourabh , Thiruvengadam Veeraswamy , Bansod Ankur
Published: January 2025

Biodegradable polymers are substitutes for non-biodegradable polymers manufactured from fossil fuels to reduce plastic waste. Polylactic acid is a promising candidate for biodegradable polymers. Antimicrobial agents such as silver and copper are added to polylactic acid to improve its antimicrobial properties for food packaging applications. In this work, silver nanoparticles were infiltrated into the polylactic acid matrix to form composite films. The presence of silver nanoparticles has enhanced antimicrobial resistance with attested its suitability to be explored like food packaging film. Additionally, the nanoparticle composite film was to be non-toxic and to have high durability. The properties of polylactic acid/silver nanoparticle films were studied as a function of the silver nanoparticle's weight percentage (0%, 5% and 10%). The incorporation of silver nanoparticles in the polylactic acid matrix was established by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrometer, ultraviolet-visible spectrometer, and field emission-scanning electron microscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectrum suggest the presence of silver nanoparticles in the composite films. Thermal gravimetric analysis and differential calorimeter analysis reveal the change in degradation and glass transition temperature with an increase in silver nanoparticle concentration. The antibacterial property using the disk diffusion method indicates that polylactic acid/silver nanoparticles (10%) had the highest antibacterial property. Antibacterial action is enhanced when silver nanoparticles are combined with a tiny dose of antibiotics, especially when battling multi-strain-resistant bacteria.

Graphical Abstract

[Formula: see text]
‘Can’t Help Myself’: on generative AI, the performance of qualitative research and slow scholarship
Authors: Nolan Ryan
Published: January 2025

This article navigates the confluence of advanced generative AI tools, the intensifying demands of academic research, and the concept of slow scholarship. It employs the artwork ‘Can’t Help Myself’ by Sun Yuan and Peng Yu as a metaphor to discuss the challenges and opportunities faced by researchers in this rapidly changing landscape. The discussion explores the surveillance nature of AI tools, the evolving demands of academia, and the implications for conducting qualitative research. The article proposes a synthesis where AI tools can be harnessed to enable depth and deliberation in research, echoing the principles of slow scholarship. This perspective helps alleviate the fear of being overwhelmed by AI and shifts the focus to constructive engagement with these powerful tools.
Context-aware lighting for office lounge with simple algorithm
Authors: Kim B , Yi G , Suk H-J
Published: January 2025

This study proposes context-aware lighting presets for the office lounge based on user behaviour. We explored five kinds of optimised light scenarios: empty, relaxation, discussion, chatting and party, while matching them with patterns of user behaviours. Firstly, we designed lighting solutions for each context through expert interviews. Using these, we developed an algorithm that detects the number of users, their movement and their sound volume using a camera and microphone and suggests appropriate lighting settings based on this data. Then, we implemented the algorithm in two types of office lounges. Finally, user assessments and interview results confirmed that the adaptive lighting preset enriched users’ experience. We also discussed the challenges for better implementation.
Expert consensus on integrative lighting descriptors and indicators for green building rating systems: A Delphi study
Authors: Ruiz VJ , Rodriguez RG , Pattini AE
Published: January 2025

The study on integrative lighting (IL) focuses on its impact on the visual system and various non-visual physiological processes. Its goal is to optimize light exposure to positively influence multiple light-affected functions. Despite advancements in understanding and measuring IL, field measurement methodologies need refinement. The research aims to define descriptors and indicators for evaluating IL in workplace environments through a Delphi study with 32 experts. The study had three stages: (I) consensus on descriptors, (II) agreement on indicators and (III) weighting of descriptors and indicators. In stage I, candidate descriptors from the Ergonomic Lighting Indicator (ELI) dimensions, including Visual performance, Vista, Visual comfort, Vitality and Control, were presented. Experts agreed when at least 75% rated descriptors as ‘important’ or ‘very important’. The study emphasized comprehensive assessments of these dimensions and the importance of indicators that are simple, valid, reliable and non-intrusive, categorized into visual/photometric and temporal/human factors. The study proposed a weighting procedure for ELI dimensions in educational, administrative, commercial, industrial and healthcare contexts, using a multiple-criteria decision-making framework. This facilitated identifying descriptors and indicators through expert consensus, enabling comprehensive evaluation, accreditation or certification of indoor spaces.
Computational approaches to space planning: A systematic review of enhancing architectural layouts
Authors: Gurcan Bahadir Cemile Gul , Tong Togan
Published: January 2025

In architectural design, a well-structured and adaptable approach is fundamental to creating functional and cohesive spaces, providing a foundational framework for spatial organization. As design requirements grow increasingly complex, traditional methods often fall short of addressing multifaceted design needs, such as user preferences, environmental considerations, and geometric constraints. Computational design techniques offer advanced methods to automate and refine architectural space planning. Despite significant advancements in computational software and data processing capabilities, challenges remain in practically embedding diverse design criteria. This study systematically reviews computational methods for architectural spatial design from 2013 to 2023, analyzing methodologies, typological applications, user preferences, and advancements in environmental data integration. The findings highlight a shift from rule-based to data-driven approaches, emphasizing the development of scalable and intuitive tools. This research identifies pathways for adopting computational design in architectural practice and education, underlining the critical role of user-centered adaptability and environmental responsiveness in shaping future tools.
Controversial issues in Swedish citizenship education: Teachers’ strategies
Authors: Larsson Anna , Ledman Kristina , Lindmark Torbjörn
Published: January 2025

Understanding controversial issues is important for students to develop as future democratically participating citizens. However, addressing them can be challenging for teachers and there is a clear need for increased knowledge about how to deal with them in teaching. This article examines the strategies applied by civics teachers when teaching Swedish pupils of grades 7–9. We focus particularly on civics teachers as civics is an important subject in Swedish schools, in which there is a strong tradition of dealing with current issues and social problems. We analyse their approaches to four common strategies for teaching controversial issues identified from previous research (avoidance, neutrality, norm mediation and provocation) using data obtained from a survey of 73 civics teachers, six interviews and two observational case studies. The findings are discussed in terms of three educational functions formulated by Biesta: qualification, socialisation and subjectification. They indicate that teachers adopt varying strategies that seem most appropriate according to their professional judgement in specific situations, and the educational functions are usually closely intertwined in practical teaching.
Interest in Sports and Sports Betting
Authors: Garcia Jaume , Pérez Levi , Suárez María José
Published: January 2025

There has been a worldwide growth in sports betting activity, in part due to the widespread use of the Internet. The objective of this research is to make a joint analysis of the probabilities of offline and online sports gambling participation, focusing on their association with sport-related variables. To this aim, we estimate a bivariate probit model of online and offline sports betting using the 2022 Spanish Survey of Sporting Habits, a cross-sectional database representative of the Spanish population (sample size: 10,267 observations). In general, interest in sports and sports practice are correlated with sports betting. Moreover, people who play sports and, in particular, those who play football, have a higher probability of betting offline. In the case of online betting, all sport-related variables are statistically significant but sports participation. Another noteworthy result is the positive correlation in the random terms of the probabilities of offline and online sports betting.
Knock, Knock, Who's There? Not SCN1A in Brain Organoids
Authors: Wong Jennifer C.
Published: January 2025

[Box: see text]
Exploitative Leadership and Employees’ Unethical Behavior from the Perspective of ego Depletion Theory: The Moderating Effect of Microbreaks
Authors: Nie Qi , Wang Miaomiao
Published: January 2025

Exploitative leadership is a form of destructive leadership behavior that has adverse effects on the overall organization. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms underlying the association between exploitative leadership and employees’ unethical behavior. Drawing on ego depletion theory, we proposed a theoretical model wherein exploitative leadership increases employees’ unethical behavior through ego depletion, with microbreaks acting as a contextual condition. Using a multi-wave diary study across ten consecutive workdays from 115 employees, we found that exploitative leadership was positively associated with employees’ unethical behavior and that ego depletion mediated this relationship. Moreover, microbreaks buffer the positive relationship between exploitative leadership and ego depletion as well as the indirect effect of exploitative leadership on employees’ unethical behavior through ego depletion. We discussed the theoretical and practical implications and proposed future research directions.
Characterizing PTSD Using Electrophysiology: Towards A Precision Medicine Approach
Authors: Kovacevic Natasha , Meghdadi Amir , Berka Chris
Published: January 2025

Objective. Resting-state EEG measures have shown potential in distinguishing individuals with PTSD from healthy controls. ERP components such as N2, P3, and late positive potential have been consistently linked to cognitive abnormalities in PTSD, especially in tasks involving emotional or trauma-related stimuli. However, meta-analyses have reported inconsistent findings. The understanding of biomarkers that can classify the varied symptoms of PTSD remains limited. This study aimed to develop a concise set of electrophysiological biomarkers, using neutral cognitive tasks, that could be applied across psychiatric conditions, and to identify biomarkers associated with the anxiety and depression dimensions of PTSD. Approach. Continuous simultaneous recordings of EEG and electrocardiogram (ECG) were obtained in veterans with PTSD (n = 29) and healthy controls (n = 62) during computerized tasks. EEG, ERP, and heart rate measures were evaluated in terms of their ability to discriminate between the groups or correlate with psychological measures. Results. The PTSD cohort exhibited faster alpha oscillations, reduced alpha power, and a flatter power spectrum. Furthermore, stronger reduction in alpha power was associated with higher trait anxiety, while a flatter slope was related to more severe depression symptoms in individuals with PTSD. In ERP tasks of visual memory and sustained attention, the PTSD cohort demonstrated delayed and exaggerated early components, along with attenuated LPP amplitudes. The three tasks revealed distinct and complementary EEG signatures PTSD. Significance. Multimodal individualized biomarkers based on EEG, cognitive ERPs, and ECG show promise as objective tools for assessing mood and anxiety disturbances within the PTSD spectrum.
Perianastomotic pH Monitoring for Early Detection of Anastomotic Leaks in Gastrointestinal Surgery: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Walshaw Josephine , Hugh Katherine , Helliwell Jack , Burke Joshua , Jayne David
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Anastomotic leak (AL) represents a significant complication following gastrointestinal (GI) surgery, contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. pH monitoring has emerged as a potential diagnostic tool for the early detection of AL, but its effectiveness and clinical utility remain to be fully elucidated. This review aims to summarise the evidence regarding perianastomotic pH monitoring for AL detection.

Methods

A systematic search of relevant databases was conducted to identify pre-clinical and clinical studies investigating pH monitoring for AL detection following GI surgery. Studies were screened by two independent reviewers based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were extracted and presented as a narrative synthesis.

Results

A total of 10 studies were included in the review, comprising animal studies (n = 2), and human studies in upper GI (n = 3) and colorectal (n = 5) patients. Consistent findings of lower pH values in patients with AL across various postoperative time points were demonstrated. There was diversity in the pH detection method, in addition to variable frequency and timing of pH monitoring. Four studies reported a shorter time for AL detection with pH monitoring vs conventional methods, although no statistical comparisons were used. No standard pH cut-off value for AL detection was identified.

Conclusion

pH monitoring shows potential as a diagnostic tool for the early detection of AL following GI surgery. While the existing evidence supports its potential utility, further research is required to establish standardised protocols and assess its clinical impact.
Flex vs. Vantage Pipeline™ Flow Diverters: Technical analysis in treating complex fusiform basilar artery aneurysm
Authors: Desai Harsh , Thind Sonam , Morsi Rami Z. , Kothari Sachin A. , Karar Lina , Chahine Ahmad , Zakaria Jehad , Kass-Hout Tareq
Published: January 2025

We present a case of an adult patient with a large symptomatic fusiform basilar artery aneurysm. This video demonstrates the ease of deploying the new Pipeline™ Vantage Flow Diverter compared to the Flex model in the same vessel. The Flex and Vantage have different deployment techniques—as using the Flex maneuvering technique on the Vantage may damage the braid. The Vantage stent does not require resheathing, dragging, or system loading. The video shows the operator's hands making multiple adjustments to deploy the Flex, while they deploy two Vantage stents and a LOBO® device occluder before fully deploying the Flex. The Vantage appears to offer a simpler, more streamlined deployment process of mostly unsheathing compared to the Flex flow diverter. Also, the Vantage design might offer a higher aneurysmal occlusion rate with a shorter course of anti-platelet regimen. 1 Of note, the Pipeline™ Shield may be a more appropriate option in some cases.
Sub-scale helium tests and numerical simulations for studying the effect of location and magnitude of BIPV double skin façade fires on the smoke spread
Authors: Aram Monireh , Zhang Xin , Qi Dahai , Ko Yoon
Published: January 2025

Nowadays climate change all over the world, imposed risk to human health, security, and economies. Thus, renewable clean energy sources have been recently promoted as the means of sustainability of world’s energy system and mitigation for the climate change impacts. It is still questionable if the new building technologies such as photovoltaics are well observed in terms of finding the associated risks. According to the wide application of PV systems and lack of investigation on the BIPV (specifically on the façade), there is high demand of studying scenarios through which the fire behavior and smoke propagation are extensively noticed. Hence in the current research, the smoke spread from BIPV DSF (Double Skin Façade) fire is investigated employing the helium tests and a newly proposed helium similarity. The experiments are conducted for the parametric study of the case study building for different location of the fire on the façade and different heat release rates (HRR). Moreover, to link the dimensionless full-scale real fire simulated temperatures with the downscaled dimensionless helium test measurements, a new equation of similarity is proposed. Subsequently, via proposed theory and Froude modeling, the helium test is designed and carried out. The validated numerical simulation in Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) can verify the governing theory and scaling method between small-scale helium test and full-scale real fire smoke test.
Unveiling the online dynamics influencing the success and virality of TikTok social movements: A case study on pro and anti hijab feminist activism
Authors: Arafat Rana , Khamis Sahar
Published: January 2025

When TikTok started as a youth-oriented platform, it was mostly used for light entertainment, including music, songs and dance clips. Today, however, it is often relied upon as a hub for social and political activism. Hashtags are an important affordance to create visibility and attract attention. Using a qualitative multimodal thematic analysis, this study examines the shifting patterns in TikTok’s nature as a social media platform and investigates its various affordances in the realm of activism, in general, and feminist activism, in particular. Adopting a comprehensive approach, which takes into account various dynamics, including the overall political and social context, the various actors and the deployed tools and tactics, this study investigates why and how some feminist TikTok campaigns, such as #MahsaAmini which erupted in Iran to resist the imposition of the hijab following the murder of Mahsa Amini, are more likely to go viral and gain more international visibility than other TikTok feminist campaigns, such as #HandsOffMyHijab which erupted in France to resist the hijab and niqab ban. Findings revealed how various factors contributed to increasing the virality and international visibility of the Iranian Mahsa Amini’s #WomanLifeFreedom campaign, including the used online tactics, the support of media and political actors, the power of celebrities and social media influencers, and the online and offline support by male figures. The undertaken thematic analysis identified different dominant themes and representations of hijab in the two online social movements, reflecting varying expressions of feminisms, activisms and resistance. In so doing, the study offers a conceptual model for understanding these online dynamics within the appropriate socio-political and cultural contexts.
Exploring oncogenic roles and clinical significance of EZH2: focus on non-canonical activities
Authors: Wozniak Michal , Czyz Malgorzata
Published: January 2025

The enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a catalytic component of Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) mediating the methylation of histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) and hence the epigenetic repression of target genes, known as canonical function. Growing evidence indicates that EZH2 has non-canonical roles that are exerted as PRC2-dependent and PRC2-independent methylation of non-histone proteins, and methyltransferase-independent interactions of EZH2 with various proteins contributing to gene expression regulation and alterations in the protein stability. EZH2 is frequently mutated and/or its expression is deregulated in various cancer types. The cancer sensitivity to inhibitors of EZH2 enzymatic activity and state-of-the-art approaches to deplete EZH2 with chemical degraders are discussed. This review also presents the clinical trials in various phases that evaluate the use of EZH2 inhibitors, both as monotherapy and in combination with other agents for the treatment of patients with diverse types of cancers.
The validation of a measure to identify academic English skills that matter for tertiary education
Authors: Lim Lyndon , Bo Wenjin Vikki
Published: January 2025

Since students’ academic English levels have been well researched to positively influence students’ academic success in English-medium universities, it has been the common practice for these universities to provide general English for academic purposes (EAP) support for linguistically weaker students. However, there is a lack of understanding in the importance of different EAP skills as perceived by instructors, and this might hinder the quality of the EAP provisions to prepare students from different academic backgrounds for their degree programmes. The current study aimed to fill in this gap by examining instructors’ perceptions of students’ academic English skills in tertiary education, regarding which academic English skills and areas might be perceived as more important in that particular subject for the degree programme. The 42-item Faculty Survey Instrument developed by Rosenfeld et al. to assess the importance of English competency in reading, writing, listening and speaking for academic success of university studies was adapted, and the Rasch analyses confirmed four skills perceived by instructors across disciplines as important for students’ university studies. The findings could provide direct insights to the development of EAP provisions in the English-medium universities to better help students to prepare for their academic studies in different disciplines.
Psychometric evaluation of the insomnia severity index in 570,295 Chinese adolescents: A bifactor item-response theory analysis
Authors: Wang Weijun , Shen Xiaosong , Guo Xiaorong , Liu Siyang , Chen Qian , Ma Shihao , Jian Yongjian
Published: January 2025

Insomnia is a prevalent concern among adolescents, but accurately measuring its severity remains challenging. The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) is widely used to assess insomnia symptoms, yet its psychometric properties have not been thoroughly evaluated in Chinese adolescents. This study addresses this gap by applying bifactor modeling and item-response theory (IRT) analysis to a large sample of 570,295 Chinese adolescents. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) identified a three-factor structure with correlated factors as the best-fitting model (CFI = 0.996, TLI = 0.991, RMSEA = 0.035, SRMR = 0.010). Further bifactor CFA revealed that a two-factor model (excluding item 4) provided a superior fit (CFI = 0.999, TLI = 0.997, RMSEA = 0.021, SRMR = 0.004), with the general insomnia severity factor explaining 69% of the common variance. The general factor captured variances related to nighttime sleep difficulties (e.g., trouble falling asleep or staying asleep) and daytime impairments (e.g., fatigue, irritability). IRT analysis demonstrated that the ISI exhibited high reliability and discrimination across moderate to high levels of insomnia severity, although reduced reliability was observed at the extreme ends of the scale. Gender differences showed that females had higher insomnia scores than males (Cohen's d = 0.12), while boarding students exhibited significantly higher insomnia severity compared to day students (Cohen's d = 0.30). These findings underscore the ISI's reliability and validity for measuring insomnia severity among Chinese adolescents, highlighting its utility as a valuable assessment tool for both research and clinical practice. The results provide important insights into adolescent sleep health and suggest potential applications for targeted interventions aimed at mitigating insomnia symptoms in this population.
Empowering Through Education: The Legacy of Mahatma Gandhi and His Impact on Adult, Teacher, Vocational, and Women’s Education
Authors: Mahmoud Mahmoud Kariman
Published: January 2025

Mahatma Gandhi is famously known as the “Father of the Indian Nation.” People closely associated with him also lovingly call him “Bapu,” which means father. His contribution to the Indian freedom movement has been immense and noteworthy. His educational views were transformative and provided the first blueprint on which modern India’s national education system was based. Gandhi’s educational endeavors were preserved with the values of truth and nonviolence. The aim of this paper is to shed light on Mahatma Gandhi (1869–1948), one of the significant adult education figures in India, who should be honored not only for his contributions to the adult education field but also for his educational philosophy. It also examines Gandhi’s reflections on teachers’ training, vocational, and women’s education, with a separate section devoted to the timeless nature of Gandhian thoughts and principles that are still applicable in the contemporary era, as demonstrated by the inclusion of varying Gandhian measures in the current national educational policy. Gandhi’s thoughts on adult education, which he called education for all, are inseparable from his thoughts on education as a whole. In addition, Gandhian education focuses on personality development, making learners self-financing and ready for employment. He acknowledged that since Indian villagers come to school with previously acquired knowledge and ideas, they should be taught relevant fundamental basic craft skills to be economically independent by enhancing their critical and creative thinking abilities, which he labeled as a “ learning to know” concept, which recommends that knowledge must be correlated with activity and practical experience. In addition, Gandhi introduced the Nai Talim educational program, which has been described as “ education for life.” The first phase of this educational program is adult education, in which Gandhi wanted to teach adult learners the laws of health, hygiene, happiness, and self-reliant life. Moreover, Gandhi wanted teachers to act as role models for the students, represent their society, and set an example of simple living (free from any addiction) and high thinking. Hence, in his new scheme of education, he highlighted teaching learners the pride of labor and handicrafts, which will help them to pay for their training and accordingly pay the cost of the teacher and the production materials expenses. Lastly, Gandhi was keen on women’s education. He was against early marriages, dowry, and purdah systems; he encouraged women and other marginalized sections to improve their living conditions by fighting for their self-development.
Unusual anatomic variation: The posterior inferior cerebellar artery arising from the middle meningeal artery
Authors: Lozupone Emilio , Scalise Simona , Trombatore Pietro , Pauciulo Alfredo , Direnzo Vita , Signorelli Francesco , Barbarini Leonardo , Paladini Adriana
Published: January 2025

An adult patient was admitted to our emergency department for a first episode of generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging showed a temporal intracranial hemorrhage and parenchymal edema caused by a dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF), whose angioarchitecture was better understood through the DSA which showed as intriguing and rare vascular anomaly the origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) from the middle meningeal artery (MMA). The endovascular treatment of the DAVF was then successfully performed.

This case describes the first case of a PICA arising from the MMA in the literature and highlights as an accurate knowledge of vascular anatomy and its variations is essential for the endovascular treatment of the cerebrovascular diseases.