bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Vehicle Pre-Braking Speed
Authors: Tseng Wen Kung , Liao S. X.
Published: February 2012

An expert system has been proposed to estimate the relationship between the vehicle pre-braking speed and the length of the skid mark. Since the length of the skid mark varies with many factors, there is no a single formula or equation which can represent the relationship between the vehicle pre-braking speed and the length of the skid mark. Therefore in this paper an expert system is built to estimate the relationship between the vehicle pre-braking speed and the length of the skid mark. The radial basis function (RBF) neural network is used for the expert system due to its shorter training time and higher accuracy. There are many factors affecting the skid mark. In this paper we choose 7 factors, i.e. brand of vehicle, vehicle displacement, year of manufacture, vehicle weight, vehicles with and without ABS, roadway surface, and vehicle speed for the training in the RBF neural network. The total number of the training data for the RBF neural network is 2619. The results showed that high accuracy is obtained for estimating the relationship between the vehicle pre-braking speed and the length of the skid mark. Thus the expert system proposed in this paper is demonstrated to be a suitable system for estimating the relationship between the vehicle pre-braking speed and the length of the skid mark.
Design and Implementation of Fuzzy Based Person Following Mobile Robot
Authors: Mahbubur Rashid Muhammad , Akramin Shafie Amir , Bin Alamgir Tarik , Jawad Alfar Ibrahim
Published: February 2012

Tracking a person successfully and following robustly is a significant ability that requires to be overwhelmed by a service robot while it requires completing some human-related tasks. Such capability has desires, which cannot be met pleasingly using conventional numerical process. Most remarkably, the robot has to stay at a certain safe distance as of the person that is being tracked and simultaneously be in motion in a smooth way which does not seem to be frightening to the person. In this research, consequently, a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) is developed and used as a controller to provide decisions achieving smooth and safe person-following activities. The Fuzzy system is made to work in combination with a Optoelectronic (IR) sensor detection algorithm which acquire the position in using co-ordinate system and the velocity of the person is detected by using ultrasonic sensor and these are used to generate the Fuzzy Inference System distance and velocity information necessary for the control process. The simulation and result on this research established that even though the detection of IR is subject to minor noise and false negatives, the robot will achieve the smoothness and safety objectives while following its target. An example with a mobile robot tracking a person demonstrates the performance of our approach.
Study on Weathering Quality of PP/PP-g-AN Blend
Authors: Wang Ya Zhen , Xue Shou Cheng , Lan Tian Yu , Zhang Yan Ling
Published: February 2012

Acrylonitrile grafted polypropylene for grafting modification of polypropylene. Different mass polypropylene-g-acrylonitrile (PP-g-AN) was blended with polypropylene. The aging behavior pattern of PP/PP-g-AN was studied on the condition high temperature and illumination. Mechanical properties of different blend ratios were systemic studied on different accelerated weathering process. The results indicated that acrylonitrile grafted polypropylene effective improved weathering resistant of polypropylene.
Temperature On-Line Measured in Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Pelleting Cellulosic Biomass
Authors: Tang Yong Jun , Chen Chun Mu , Wang Guan
Published: February 2012

Cellulosic biofuels have been proposed to replace part of traditional liquid transportation fuels. Cellulosic biomass is the feedstock in cellulosic biofuel manufacturing. Costs associated with collection and transportation of cellulosic biomass account for more than 80 percent of the feedstock cost. By processing cellulosic biomass into pellets, density and handling efficiencies of cellulosic feedstock can be improved, resulting in reduction of transportation and handling costs. The pellet temperature is one of the most important parameter in Ultrasonic Vibration (UV-A) pelleting. There is very few literature on the pellet temperature of UV-A pelleting. This paper mainly studied how to on-line measure the pelleting temperature, also, the detailed temperature characteristics of the pellet was obtained. The results are valuable for selecting suitable pelleting parameters and controlling the quality of pellet in UV-A pelleting. Also, the accurate measurement of the pellet temperature is helpful to understand pelleting mechanism, charring, and durability issues.
Effect of Burning-Out Materials on the Properties of Synthesized Microporous Mullite
Authors: Bi Yu Bao , Wang Hui Fang , Lu Wei
Published: February 2012

Mullite can be prepared as lightweight refractories for its low thermal conductivity, advanced volume stability at high temperature environment. Using industrial alumina and nature silica powders as starting materials, the mullite aggregates with microporous structure were synthesized by adding some burning-out materials as pore forming agents. The effects of burning-out materials on the pore size distribution, mullite contents and microstructure of microporous mullite have been investigated. The results show that the effects on the mullite contents and microstructure of microporous mullite are significant. All the burning-out materials have a similar effect for the pore size distribution.
The Oxidation Resistance of Cu-Ag Alloy Nanopowders Prepared by Induction Plasma Technology
Authors: Zou Min Ming , Yan Mi , Shang Fu Jun , Huang Wei , Liu Yong , Su Ji Hong , Shi Wen Lu , Wang Run Zhen , Chen Xiang Yu
Published: February 2012

The Cu-30wt%Ag alloy nanopowders are prepared by induction plasma technology, and the nanopowder is successfully coated by terpineol (C10H18O). The morphology, phase composition and oxidation resistance of nanopowders are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. When the suitable processing parameters of induction plasma are chosen, the spherical morphology and average diameter about 89 nm of Cu-30wt%Ag nanopowders are obtained. Meanwhile, the Cu-Ag alloy nanopowders which are coated by terpineol are free from oxidation when temperature is below 280°C.
Preparation of Functionalized Hollow ZnS Microspheres and their Analytical Application
Authors: Chen Shi Jie , Li Ying Jie , Lü Ren Jiang , Wang Peng
Published: February 2012

Hollow ZnS microsphere were prepared by hydrothermal method and modified with L-Cysteine. The functionalized hollow ZnS microspheres were characterized using transmission electron microscopy(TEM), field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and photoluminescence spectroscopy. They were used as fluorescence probes in the determination of ciprofloxacin. The pH value of the system was selected at pH 8.5 with excitation and emission wavelength at 270 nm and 423 nm. Under the optimum conditions, the fluorescence of hollow functionalized ZnS microspheres was enhanced by ciprofloxacin. The responses are linearly proportional to the concentrations of ciprofloxacin, the linear range of calibration curve is 0.20 µg•L-1–870 µg•L-1 for ciprofloxacin, the detection limit is 0.06 µg•L-1.
Research of Leaching Alumina and Iron Oxide from Bayer Red Mud
Authors: Lu Rong Rong , Zhang Yi He , Zhou Feng Shan , Wang Xin Ke
Published: February 2012

Adopting Bayer red mud as raw material, researching five acid leaching of alumina and iron oxide methods, hydrochloric acid leaching, sulfuric acid leaching, mixed acid leaching and two methods of classification acid leaching, affecting on leaching ratio of Al and Fe in red mud. All the five acid leaching experiments have a good effect on the leaching ratios of alumina and iron oxide. The highest leaching ratios of alumina and iron oxide are 90.1% and 99.0% when the volume of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid are 25mL in the mixed acid leaching. Finally, obtain better condition of preparing flocculants solution for water treatment by leaching Fe and Al in red mud.
Microstructure Characteristic of Directionally Solidified NTS-09C Alloy
Authors: Yu Jin Jiang , Yang Yan Hong , Sun Xiao Feng , Hu Zhuang Qi , Nie Quan Xin , Xie Wei Ping , Wang Jin Hui
Published: February 2012

The directionally solidified Nb-Ti-Si-Cr-Al-Ta-Hf-C-B (NTS-09C) superalloys were prepared by HRS method. This alloy with strong orientations of (Nb, Ti)ss and Nb-silicide along the growth direction consists of (Nb,Ti)ss, (Nb,Ti)3Si, Nb5Si3, MC carbide and C14 Laves phases. Not only the morphologies and compositions of various phases have been systemically studied, but also the formation mechanisms have been analyzed and discussed in detail.
Research of Chebyshev Equivalent Ripple Approximation Filter Based on DSP
Authors: Zhen Li Ping , Si Shao Wei
Published: February 2012

Abstract: Researched Chebyshev equiripple approximation FIR filter theory. In the algorithm process, we adopt direct remez algorithm, by a recursive formula to calculate the filter coefficients directly. Combined TMS320VC5502, we designed software and hardware system of Chebyshev equiripple band-pass filter to realize the voice signal filtering. In hardware system TLC320AC01 complete A/D and D/A converter, TMS320VC5502 complete data processing and filtering.
Noise Compensation Based Hysteretic Noisy Chaotic Neural Network for Broadcast Scheduling Problem in Wireless Multihop Networks
Authors: Sun Ming , Guo Yuan , Dai Xue Feng , Xu Yao Qun
Published: February 2012

Compared with the noisy chaotic neural network, hysteretic noisy chaotic neural network always exhibits better optimization performance at higher noise levels, but exhibits worse optimization performance at lower noise levels. In order to enable the hysteretic noisy chaotic neural network to behave more excellent optimization performance not only at higher noise levels but also at lower noise levels, we introduce a noise compensation factor to the original hysteretic noisy chaotic neural network, and present noise compensation based hysteretic noisy chaotic neural network. The proposed network can outperform the hysteretic noisy chaotic neural network by the interaction of hysteretic activation function and the noise compensation factor. One benchmark broadcast scheduling problem is used to verify the superiority of the proposed network. The simulation results show that the proposed network takes advantages over the noisy chaotic neural network, the hysteretic noisy chaotic neural network and other algorithms.
Towards the Visualization of XML
Authors: Guo Yong Ning
Published: February 2012

The cyber informatics solution to IPv7 is defined not only by the refinement of IPv7, but also by the important need for super pages. In fact, few experts would disagree with the synthesis of scatter/gather I/O, which embodies the unproven principles of theory. In this position paper, we demonstrate not only that SCSI disks and kernels can collaborate to address this grand challenge, but that the same is true for SMPs.
Knowledge Structure of TRIZ Case Based on Situational Analogy
Authors: Liu Shang
Published: February 2012

In order to translate TRIZ solution into specific solution, situational analogy is introduced. Considering complex case is usually composed of several sub-situations which can be converted to each other, and the conversions between sub-situations contain implicit hint which are useful for the translating process, a knowledge structure of TRIZ case is proposed based on analyzing the relationship among the situation, concept and percept. Based on the proposal knowledge structure, a case searching process is offered. Finally, using the ARIZ process shows the availability of proposal knowledge structure.
Study on Software Vulnerability Dynamic Discovering System
Authors: Song Guang Jun , Zhao Chun Lan , Li Ming
Published: February 2012

Developed a new system model of software vulnerability discovering, which was based on fuzzing, feature matching of API sequences and data mining. Overcame the disadvantages of old techniques, this new method effectively improves the detection of potential unknown security vulnerabilities in software. Besides, this method is more automated and performs better in finding new security vulnerabilities.
Simulation on Drilling with Water-Jet Guided Laser
Authors: Li Chun Qi , Yan Li Jun , Wang Yang
Published: February 2012

Water-jet guided laser processing is a kind of material processing technology using variable-length water jet optical waveguide. In this paper, by means of the finite element method (FEM), the simulation on drilling with water-jet guided laser was carried out based on thermal effect of laser and mechanical effect origining from shock pressure of shock wave caused by heat-induced explosion and impact of high-speeds water jet. The results show that evaporation and mechanical ablation of molten material is the main form of the material removal, the mechanical effect only contributes the slight deformation to the material with temperature gradient, the rapid water jet cooling after laser pulse played a quenching role in the processing area. In addition, the paper also analyzed the variable tendency of the impact of water jet to workpiece and clarified the scope and trend of the role of water jet.
Experimental Study of the Impact of a Strong Underwater Shock Wave on a Concrete Dam
Authors: Lu Lu , Xin Li , Jing Zhou
Published: February 2012

To study the effect of a strong underwater shock wave on a concrete dam, in this research the hammers impact were applied to simulate the underwater shock in a model test. The model scale was 200 according to the gravity-elasticity similitude law. Five acceleration sensors were imbedded along the downstream surface of the dam. The maximum input pressure was evaluated based on the recorded accelerations. The explosive charge and the distance between the explosion center and the dam were determined corresponding to the maximum impact pressure. After the hammers impacted, the upstream face of the dam was fractured and downstream was scabbed; some cracks extended from the upstream face to the downstream face; the head of dam was projected; and the dam appeared entirely displacement. Although the damage similarity of the model and prototype is not verified, this method may be used to verify the quality of a protection project and offered evidence to define a protection project.
The Pressure Relief Control Technology of the Defects Method on Dynamic Pressure Area in Zhaogezhuang Coal Mine
Authors: Yang Zhong Dong
Published: February 2012

Because of deep mining and the serious dynamic pressure appearance in Zhaogezhuang coal mine, this paper has statistical and analyzed phenomena of dynamic pressure appearance, and proposed the engineering defects method to relief the pressure for high stress zone of working face and roadway according to the actual situation, which can transfer the stress distribution of coal rock and release impact energy. Based on the numerical simulation analysis of pressure relief on cavity defects, it has analyzed the feasibility of pressure relief using engineering defect, acquired good effect of pressure relief and achieved the safety of coal mining in the 2337E working face.
The Influence Factors and Improvement Measures for Accuracy of Correlation Velocity Measurement
Authors: Yang Xiang Lin , Huang Xiao Bing
Published: February 2012

he basic principle of the correlation velocity measurement is introduced, the influence factors for accuracy of the correlation velocity measurement are analyzed, the installation position and mode of the sensor, the real-time simplification error and the discrete sampling error are especially discussed according to the general and basic principle of the correlation velocity measurement system, and the corresponding measures are provided.
Sectionalized Motion Control for Automatic Guided Vehicle
Authors: Yin Xiao Hong , Yang Can , Zhao Han
Published: February 2012

In this work, an approach called sectionalized motion control (SMC) was proposed in order to achieve control with high precision and low energy consumption for the entire AGV tracking process. In this method, according to the characteristics of the AGV’s early, middle and terminal motion phases, the neural dynamics-based tracking, energy-efficient tracking, and model predictive technologies were adopted. Furthermore, a simulation using Matlab software was performed in order to verify the proposed approach. The simulation results showed that SMC is capable of providing smooth, energy-efficient, robust and globally stable control for the AGV system.
Modal Analysis of Dynamically Tuned Gyroscope Based on ANSYS11.0
Authors: Qin Zhong Bao , Liu Guang Bin , Guo Jian Feng , Hu Xiao Long
Published: February 2012

This paper proposed a method to analyses and obtain the vibration identities of DTG(Dynamically Tuned Gyroscope) within the vibration-overloading environment based on ANSYS11.0. Finite element model of DTG was constructed by ANSYS11.0. The Natural Frequencies and vibration modals of DTG in the cases of both being stationary and rotating were studied respectively through the method of modal analysis. The influence of each-rank vibration model of DTG on its output was investigated. The result of this paper provides a stable basis for improving the design of DTG and enhancing the functions of it.
Study on Vehicle Emissions Dispersion in Asymmetrical Street Canyons and Proper Location of Air Intake for Ventilation System
Authors: Gao Guo Hua , Liu Jing , Ma Fei , Luo Wei Dong
Published: February 2012

Traffic–related pollutant has been recognized as an air pollution hot spot due to its large emission rate and great health impacts for the exposed population. In the present investigation, a computational fluid dynamics technique is used to investigate the effect of street layout on pollutant dispersion and find proper location for air inlet in ventilation systems. Four typical configurations of asymmetric street canyons are considered. It is found that pollutant retention time at people stayed zones is shorter, when buildings near the road are laid as down-wind building lower than the up-wind building. For buildings at down-wind side of a main road, air inlet should be located at the leeward façade of the building.
Study on Dynamic Fracture Property and Temperature Effect of 4145H Drilling Collar Steel
Authors: Liu Fei , Zeng De Zhi , Shi Tai He , Lv Fu Zhi , Tu Lin , Tu Jun Jun
Published: February 2012

Oscillography impact properties were studied in four different temperatures. The research indicated that impact energy of sampled 4145H DC met the standard of“SYT5144-2007 Drilling collar” and “API SPEC7” in four different temperatures. With temperatures getting down, impact energy, crack propagation energy, and crack propagation energy/impact energy ratio decreased, cracking energy/impact energy ratio increased, crack propagation rate increased and dynamic fracture toughness decreased. In drilling, crack growth rate in DC was slow; the DC was not liable to fracture in normal temperature. On the contrary, crack growth rate was fast, as a result, the DC was easy to fracture in low temperature. The results provide reliable experiment resources for research on 4145H DC fracture. The research results provide reliable guidance for DC production and use in drilling and offer basic experimental evidence to the analysis of 4145H DC fracture mechanism.
Investigation of Crack Initiation and Propagation during Rolling Contact Fatigue of SUJ2 Steel Bearings Using a Newly Developed One-Point Testing Machine
Authors: Rozwadowska Justyna , Kida Katsuyuki , Santos Edson Costa , Honda Takashi , Koike Hitonobu , Kanemasu Kenji
Published: February 2012

An innovative type of one-point rolling contact fatigue (RCF) machine was developed in order to investigate crack initiation and propagation in metals. The microstructural changes and propagation of subsurface cracks during rolling contact in specimens tested by using the new device were studied by laser confocal microscope and X-ray diffraction. It was shown that this new method presents several important advantages compared to the conventional thrust type RCF machines.
Design and Simulation of Missile-Borne Measuring Device Shell
Authors: Gao Li Long , Di Chang An , Kong De Ren , Liu Xin
Published: February 2012

Missile-borne measuring device needs to be installed in the missile body. When projectiles running in trajectory, they are in a high temperature, high pressure, high g value of the overload conditions, therefore whether reasonable of the mechanical shell design or not has important implications for the entire test system anti-overloading performance. According to the test environment characteristics and compatibility with the principles of the PCB, Mechanical protection shell takes cylindrical structure. According to strength theory, calculates the design parameters of the cylinder and make structure design、strength analysis、limited simulation calculation. Simulation results show that, the strength of missile-borne measuring device designed meet the requirements of gun in high chamber pressure when fired.
Effects of Nano-Cr2O3 Doping on Properties and Microstructures of Vitrified Bond CBN Grinding Tools
Authors: Zheng Hong Juan , Zhao Zhi Wei , Xia Shao Ling , Wei Feng Chun , Zhang Lin Qi
Published: February 2012

Nano-Cr2O3 was added to vitrified bond CBN grinding tools to improve their properties. Effects of nano-Cr2O3 on properties and microstructures of vitrified bond CBN grinding tools were investigated. The samples were characterized by differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and related detecting techniques. Results show that the refractoriness of vitrified bond firstly decreases and then increases with the addition of nano-Cr2O3, but the fluidity has the opposite change. Compared with basic vitrified bond, the refractoriness and fluidity of vitrified bond (4 wt.% nano-Cr2O3) are reduced by 25°C and increased by 5.4%, respectively. The bending strength of CBN grinding tools can be enhanced obviously with the addition of nano-Cr2O3, and it has the maximum bending strength (59.27MPa) when adding 4 wt.% nano-Cr2O3. SEM result shows that CBN grinding tool has the most dense structure and the least pore when adding 4 wt.% nano-Cr2O3.
Numerical Simulation of Flow and Heat Transfer with Large-Eddy Simulation in a Mixing T-Junction
Authors: Lu Tao , Zhu Xing Guo , Wang Ping , Zhu Wei Yyu
Published: February 2012

In the present paper, large-eddy simulation (LES) based on commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software FLUENT for prediction of flow and heat transfer in a mixing T-junction was completed. Mean and root mean square (RMS) temperature and velocity were defined to describe the distributions and fluctuations of temperature and velocity. Numerical results indicate that profiles between symmetrical planes are almost same and the root mean square temperature and velocity close to the center of the main duct in the downstream are larger than those near the main duct wall. The prediction of the fluctuations of temperature and velocity is significant to understand the knowledge of the cause of thermal fatigue in a mixing T-junction.
Simulation and Springback Prediction of Integral Panel with High Ribs in Age Forming
Authors: Gan Zhong , Tan Hai Bing , Zhu Jia Zan
Published: February 2012

Age forming is the best forming method of integral panel parts of aircrafts, which have large amount of springback and the springback’s accuracy, is hard to control, so a method which can make an accurate prediction of the springback after forming is needed. This article which is based on creep test data and CPT, fits the creep constitutive equation and obtained the material parameter. The numerical simulation is adopted to process age forming simulation on springback of T-specimen of aluminum 2124, and the simulation result is compared with the test result to do revision of the material parameter; the revised material parameter is applied into the numerical simulation of age forming of the integral panel which is of high strength. Through tests which can confirm the error ranges from -1mm to +1mm, this method’s accuracy is proved.
Development and Application of a New Type Rock Drill with Hydraulic Rotary Cutting and Pneumatic Impacting
Authors: Luo You Xin , Wen Hui Jun , Zhou Yu
Published: February 2012

A new type hydraulic rotary cutting and pneumatic impacting rock drill is used to drill medium and deep hole. This rock drill is made up of three components: impact system, rotary system and dedust mechanism. The power is provided by hydraulic liquid and compressed air, and the hydraulic power is separated with the pneumatic power. The rotary system driven by hydraulic liquid transfers motion and force by its components: motor, input gear, mid-gear, revolving sheath, etc. The maximum rotary power is greater than the impact power. Compared with other drill, this new rock drill has a simple structure, high reliability, fast drilling speed, long service life of the drilling tools, easy maintenance, high performance-price ratio and other advantages
The Propulsion Mechanism with High-Order Elliptic Profile Shaft Connection
Authors: Luo You Xin , Li Heng Shu , Wen Hui Jun , Zhou Yu
Published: February 2012

Dealing with the existing propulsion mechanism, the paper analyzes the deficiency of the flat key and the spline, studies the specialities of high-order elliptic profile. On the basis of chain propulsion mechanism, we get a high-order elliptic profile shaft connection. (a keyless joint) through changing the fit of the inner hole of sprocket gear and the outer circle of intermediate shaft, then introduce the propulsion mechanism with high-order elliptic profile shaft connection. At last, applying Solidworks2011 software, we create the three-dimensional modeling of the propulsion mechanism, thus laid a solid foundation for the further study. This new propulsion mechanism enjoys the superiorities like self-centralizing, easy disassembly, low stress concentration, with a simple fit cross-section, transmitting big torque, suitable for the heavy loads of rock drilling.
The Propulsion Mechanism with Enveloped Isometric Trilateral Profile Shaft Connection
Authors: Luo You Xin , Li Heng Shu , Wen Hui Jun , Zhou Yu
Published: February 2012

This paper deals with the existing propulsion mechanism, analyzes the disadvantages of the flat key and the spline, studies the features of the generated isometric trilateral profile shaft connection. In an existing chain propulsion mechanism, we change the fit of the inner hole of sprocket gear and the outer circle of intermediate shaft to get a generated isometric trilateral profile shaft connection(a keyless joint), then introduce the propulsion mechanism with generated isometric trilateral profile shaft connection. At last, we create the three-dimensional modeling of the propulsion mechanism, which would lay a solid foundation for the further study. This new propulsion mechanism has such advantages as self-centralizing, easy disassembly, low stress concentration, with a simple fit cross-section, transmitting big torque, suitable for the heavy loads of rock drilling.
A Driven Model Research of a Parallel Coil Gun
Authors: Guo Fang , Tang Yue Jin , Li Ren
Published: February 2012

Compared with the coaxial coil gun, the structure of parallel coil gun is conducive to release the effective load which carried by the emitter, and easy to add the suspension device. So, for some massive emitter which could not be easy wrapped inside of the barrel, to design an open parallel coil gun with a high temperature superconducting (HTS) maglev assist device is great significance. The directions of driving force are inconsistent during the drive current pulse up and down under only one coil driven. Eliminating the resistance is an effective way to improve the emission efficiency. A new mode of single-stage and multi-stage driven is designed in this paper. The pulse link up method between the various coils is analyzed. And then a small parallel coil gun model is established in the finite element software ANSOFT. The propulsion effects of single-stage and two-stage driven are simulated. And the feasibility of this driven mode is verified by these simulation results.
Movement Analysis of Micro-Robot’s Fin Actuated by ICPF
Authors: Nie Lin , Zhang Xing Lan , Nie Rong
Published: February 2012

ICPF (Ionic Conducting Polymer Film) is a kind of smart film and has the characteristics of flexibility, good response and being driven by a low voltage. In order to illuminate the deformation dynamics of ICPF, the curvature of a thin strip ICPF under stepwise application of electric field is formulated according to Flory’s gel swell theory. The interplay mechanism of the deformation of gel, permeation of water and the transport of ions is described. A novel fish-like flexible micro-robot whose fin is actuated by ICPF is presented. According to the Pseudo-Rigid-Body-Dynamic-Model (PRBDM) the frequency analysis of the micro-robot is investigated, and then, the relation between the structure parameters and the natural frequency of the fin is theoretically derived and some analysis and experiment graphs about the fin’s angle displacement and angle velocity are performed.
Finite Element Analysis of Damping Plate for the Airbag Vibration Damper
Authors: Wang Jin Long
Published: February 2012

The finite element model of damping plate for the airbag Vibration Damper was established.Displacement and stress analysis of the damping plate structure was done by means of software ANSYS,and the displacement diagram and effective stress distribution of the of damping plate were obtained. The simulation results indicate that the bottom zones of damping plate , which bear considerably great forces,and the displacement variation of the hole have less influence, it could satisfy the demand of sustained vibration attenuation.
Effect of Thermal Residual Stress on FBG Sensors Embedded in Composite T-Stiffened Panels
Authors: Zhou Yu Jing , Liu Gang , Li Xue Qin , Yi Xiao Su
Published: February 2012

The reflection spectrum from the Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors embedded in the composite was disturbed because of the thermal residual stress. In this study, two types of the FBG sensors, uncoated and UV-cured resin coated FBG sensors, were embedded in the triangle area of the T-stiffened composite panels. The strains during the curing process were measured by these two kinds of FBG sensors. Through the comparison of the results, it was found that the effect of thermal residual stress on the reflection spectrum could be attenuated when the FBG sensor was coated with UV-cured resin. Furthermore, the strain responses during the low-velocity impact test were observed by both two FBG sensors. The maximum-strain measured by the coated FBG sensors was more accurately than that measured by the uncoated one.
Performance Prediction and Experimental Verification of Axial Flow Pump Based on CFD
Authors: Zhang De Sheng , Zhang Guang Jian , Shi Wei Dong , Li Tong Tong
Published: February 2012

The full flow field numerical simulation of the axial-flow pump model is carried out to predict the pump performance based on RNG k-ε model and SIMPLE algorithm and the method of calculating head and efficiency. The numerical results show that the head and efficiency prediction curves have a good agreement with the experimental results. In the optimal operating condition, the prediction error of head is 0.04% and the efficiency error is 0.39% which could meet the requirements of engineering applications. The prediction error based on RNG k-ε turbulence model is larger in the off-design condition owing to the complex flow field of axial-flow pump. The predicted head is lower than the experimental results in the small flow rate conditions and its maximum error is 5.12%, while is higher than the experimental data in the large flow rate conditions and its maximum error is 17.39%. The conclusions will provide the basis and reference for the performance prediction of axial-flow pumps based on CFD.
Effect of Casting Design to Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 5 mm TWDI Plate
Authors: Soedarsono Johny Wahyuadi , Suharno Bambang , Sulamet-Ariobimo Rianti Dewi
Published: February 2012

In producing thin wall ductile iron (TWDI) cooling rate must be strictly maintained to prevent carbide formation. There are many ways to control cooling rate BUT the most independent one is by casting design. By choosing this parameter major changes in equipment and raw material used in the foundry can be avoided. This paper discusses the effect of gating system design on microstructure and mechanical properties of 5 mm TWDI plate. A casting design based on vertical gating system is made to produce 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mm TWDI plates. Plate with 5 mm thickness becomes an interesting subject due to its position as the thickest and furthest from ingate in casting design with a new concept. There are three designs coded as T1, T2, and T3. These three designs were also used in making 1 and 3 mm TWDI plates of which the result has been published. The plate with 5 mm thickness will be used for automotive components. Casting design simulation for filling flow and solidification were conducted with Z-Cast. Result of flow simulation shows that the filling flow happens in two kinds. Result of solidification shows that T3 has the highest solidification rate. In the experiment, the moulds used were furan sand. Experiment result shows that all the designs have microstructure consisting of nodule graphite in ferrite matrix, no trace of carbide and skin effect are formed. Skin effect length is various for all designs. The highest nodularity is only 72% and nodule count shows only 700 nodules/mm2. Brinell hardness number for all design is beyond standard given by JIG G5502. As for UTS and elongation none of the designs exceed the minimal standard. Experiment results confirms simulation result. Compared to the previous result nodularity and nodule count decrease and curve trends for every result are not similar.
Study on TBM Cutterhead Working Principle
Authors: Liu He Ping
Published: February 2012

This paper studies the working principle of TBM cutterhead and analyzes the models of cutterhead breaking rocks. A revised model is presented to think about some rock factors based on the CSM model, in which the attribute of wall rock such as foliation, joint spacing, the angle between boring axis and the surface of foliation and abrasiveness had be taken into account. This probably describes more exactly the real conditions of TBM to break wall rock. To raise the level of design and manufacturing of TBM cutterhead, some advices are provided to design main parameters of TBM and excavating parameters.
Using Surface Electromyography to Analyze the Assistive Force Produced by Wearable Assistive Robot
Authors: Zhu Min , Li Xiao Lai , Zhang Qiang
Published: February 2012

This paper proposed a method for using the integration of surface electromyography (iSEMG) signals to compute the assistive force produced by wearable assistive robot (WAR). A study was conducted to analyze a subject during lifting his leg tied with different weights. The iSEMG of vastus lateralis (VL) muscle was computed. Then the linear correlation between muscle force and iSEMG was obtained. Finally, the assistive force produced by WAR could be computed by the linear correlation with iSEMG. We find that the effect of assistive force produced by WAR can be clearly analyzed by iSEMG.
Small Satellite Modelling and Three-Axis Magnetorquer-Based Stabilisation Using Fuzzy Logic Control
Authors: Asadabadi Amirhossein , Anvar Amir M.
Published: February 2012

Recently small satellites have become increasingly popular because of their ability to provide educational institutes with the chance to design, construct, and test their spacecraft from beginning to the possible launch due to the low launching cost and development of microelectronics (Figure 1). Clearly, using only electromagnetic coils instead of different types of actuators will serve the purpose of weight reduction where every grams counts. But some restrictions described in the paper limit utilising only “Electromagnetic” actuation for 3D stabilisation and adversely affects the efficiency of the controller. However, there are some theories developed recently that have made the aforementioned purpose feasible. In this paper a new control method based on Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) is presented that keeps the satellite in desired conditions only by electromagnetic coils. More precisely, an approach of Fuzzy control which is incorporated with electromagnetic actuation is presented for the in-orbit attitude control of a small satellite. The design is developed to stabilize the spacecraft against disturbances with a three-axis stabilizing capability. The paper also describes the required hardware and the design and development of the magnetic torquers.
Intelligent Signal Generator Based AT89C51 Microcontroller
Authors: Zhang Li Rong
Published: February 2012

In order to precisely control signals generators，we designed hardware of waveform signal generator by using AT89C51 Microcontroller, on this basis, design program of the sine wave, triangle wave, square wave and saw tooth wave detailed , final testing of the system as a whole and performance testing , these have high practical and useful in the production.
The Intelligent Clamping Fixture
Authors: Kostalova Miroslava , Košťál Peter
Published: February 2012

Present situation in the industrial manufacture has brought new trends in the kind of flexibility and intelligence. That means new generation of intelligent manufacturing systems. New generation of clamping fixtures is represented by group of clamping fixtures which can be used in intelligent manufacturing systems.
Design of a Compact and Multi-Function Magnetic Field Steered Arc Source
Authors: Lang Wen Chang , Wu Bai Zhong , Gao Bin
Published: February 2012

Based on the principle of the control of magnetic field on arc spot motion, a compact and multi-function magnetic field steered arc source has been designed in this paper. The rotating magnetic field generator driven by small DC motors or AC motors has been also equipped behind the base of the target materials of magnetic field steered arc source. The magnet yoke fixed on shaft will be driven by the motors so as to promote the rotation of permanent magnets which are rationally distributed on magnet yoke. The different distribution of permanent magnets will produce the rotating magnetic field with different configuration structures and then the purpose of multi-control mode can be achieved. Meanwhile, the dynamic rotating magnetic field with different configurations have been also produced in this design through employing the simple and compact arc source as well as the permanent magnet with different distributions in order to improve the discharge form of arc spots, control the trajectory of arc spots, improve the utilization of target materials and the uniformity of etching as well as reduce or inhibit the emission of large particles. At the same time, the high-quality film can be also prepared so as to realize the arc spot control with various forms in an arc source, satisfy the different demands and expand the application of arc ion plating.
Design of Fast Scanning Langmuir Probe Diagnostic System Suitable for Transient Arc Plasma Diagnosis in Arc Ion Plating
Authors: Lang Wen Chang , Wang Xiang Hong , Nan Xiu Rong
Published: February 2012

In order to detect the arc plasma, an in-depth analysis on the relationship between the technology and film properties is conducted in this article. In addition, a fast scanning Langmuir probe diagnostic system suitable for transient plasma diagnosis is also designed, coupled with the design scheme and schematic diagram. Regard the integrated circuit of MAX038 as the core，and utilize FET to input high-fidelity operational amplifier OPA604 as well as high power amplifier PA93 to complete the intelligent saw-tooth wave sweep frequency power with the output amplitude of ± 100V, output frequency ranging from 10Hz to 10MHz as well as the adjustable frequency and duty cycle. Then test the output waveform and the results show that the power module can precisely generate triangle wave, saw-tooth wave, rectangular wave (including square wave) and sine wave signal.
Hydro Thermo-Baric Processing and Properties of Nano Silica from Rice Husk
Authors: Benjamin Iyenagbe Ugheoke , Mamat Othman
Published: February 2012

Several processing methods have been used to obtain silica from rice husk with a persistent problem of lack of scalability from laboratory scale to levels of production necessary for commercial or industrial applications, at low cost. To address this draw-back, a novel method- hydro thermo-baric process, was developed and used to process high purity silica from rice husk. Since the suitability of rice husk silica in a given application is dependent on the nature of its structure and morphology and the two parameters are affected by the processing methods used in obtaining the silica, this paper reports the preliminary studies done on the silica obtained from this novel method using XRF, XRD, FESEM and EDX. XRD results show that the silica produced, which by XRF analysis had purity approaching 98%, is amorphous in nature. FESEM images showed that the particles have nanometric size. However, EDX results show an increase in residual carbon in the silica, with increase in the processing temperature. BET analysis showed an increased surface area from 21.42m2/g to 133.94m2/g for the untreated and treated samples, respectively.
Positioning Control System Based on ZPETC and Optimal Control Method for Plant with Dead-Time
Authors: Endo Junichi , Sasaki Kazuhiro , Matsumoto Kazusa , Shibasaki Hiroki , Ishida Yoshihisa
Published: February 2012

In this paper, a method for positioning control based on zero phase error tracking controller (ZPETC), optimal control method for plant with dead-time is proposed. A discrete transformed unstable plant is composed of unstable zeros and poles. In the proposed method, we subject stabilization of a plant by optimal control method, compose inverse model of a system with unstable zeros by ZPETC and control a plant with dead-time by predicted-state feedback technique and modified smith predictor composed of a predictor and an observer. In addition, optimal control method achieves good robustness for modeling errors by adjusting the weight of the LQR-scheme. The simulation studies and the experimental result, it is shown that the proposed method is effective for these plants and DC motor.
Effect of Pass Thickness Reduction on Microstructure and Formability in AZ31 Magnesium Produced by Differential Speed Rolling
Authors: Xia Wei Jun , Liu Ling , Zhang Fu Quan , Xu Cong Chang
Published: February 2012

AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets were prepared by multi-pass differential speed rolling (DSR) with small mismatch roll speed ratio. Effect of pass thickness reduction on microstructure, texture and formability at room temperature were investigated. The results showed that the low pass thickness reduction DSR is effective to improve the formability by refining the grain size and weakening the basal texture, which is characterized by the increasing of strain hardening exponent (n value) and elongation as soon as decreasing of yielding ratio and normal anisotropy ratio (r value). With the increasing of pass thickness reduction, more effective grain refinement is achieved due to the forming of deformation bands. While the ability of forming the title basal texture is weakened and the formability is reduced.
Large Eddy Simulation of Wind Loads on a Low-Rise Structure and Comparison with Wind Tunnel Results
Authors: Janajreh Isam , Emil Simiu
Published: February 2012

This work presents estimates of time histories of pressure coefficients at several taps on the roof of a 1/200 model of a 200 x 100 x 20 ft low-rise building with a 1/24 slope gable roof building. The estimates were obtained by large eddy simulation (LES). The first and second moments as well as peaks for the time histories are compared with those obtained in boundary layer wind-tunnel measurements at the University of Western Ontario. It is noted that the computation times required to obtain records of length comparable to wind tunnel records are at present prohibitively large.
Theory of Fast Multipole Virtual Boundary Element Method and Discussion on Key Issues
Authors: Jiang Yan Tao , Bai Hong Yuan
Published: February 2012

The basic theory of fast multipole virtual boundary element method (VBEM) is discussed through expanding the fundamental solution, and the algorithm can make the complexities of operation and memory about solution of the equations to be of linear proportion to the freedoms of the problem. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the feasibility, accuracy and efficiency of the method. At the same time, the relationships between the order for expansion and the storage capacity, computing time, precision are analyzed, and the influence of boundary points in the leaf to the calculation efficiency is discussed. The corresponding reference value is put forward for the convenience of engineering application.
Design of MEMS Based Energy Harvester to Profile Environmental Parameter Using Autonomous WSN Components
Authors: Zaman Mukter , Witjaksono Gunawan , Othman Masuri , Islam Mahamod , Amin Nowshad
Published: February 2012

With the rapid development on micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) and wireless transmission technology, wireless sensor networks (WSN) are becoming an emerging technology with a number of potential applications. One such application is the monitoring of agricultural environmental parameter. Such an application requires an infinite-life power source that will harvest energy continuously from the ambient environment. This paper describe about the design, and development consideration of an energy harvester for an autonomous sensing system. The sensing components of WSN are connected with the energy harvester on the same structure to generate required energy from the ambient environment. As a case study, the power requirement by MIMOS Berhad [1] developed WSN components are measured from real time deployment. Based on the power requirement an autonomous system is designed (patent granted [2]) and proof of concept (POC) of the system is implemented. The POC shows from 1 cm2 area of the energy harvester a potential difference of 0.6 V and current of 0.25mA can be achieved. These results shows, by cascading several unit area of the energy harvester and integrating it with WSN components, it is possible to achieve autonomous WSN system, which is very essential for realistic deployment of WSN.
Experimental Study on NVH Performance of Midi Pure Electric Vehicle
Authors: Li Hui Bin , Zhang Chen Xia , Li Quan Xi , Jin Ting , Wang Ke Feng
Published: February 2012

Measurement of interior noise and vibration signals were conducted in accelerating and constant velocity driving conditions. By using time domain, frequency domain and 3D spectral array methods, the exterior noise, interior noise, the vibration acceleration of driver’s seat and suspension, the NVH characteristics of the Midi EU vehicle were analyzed. On the one hand, we find that the interior noise is larger than exterior noise under accelerating state, due to the cabin poorly sealing. On the other hand, because of the poor isolation rate of the driver’s seat, the vibration acceleration on the driver’s seat is very great and affecting the driver’s comfort. The experimental results also shows that the isolation rate of the suspension are relative good under different velocities. These experimental results will give help to further study of the NVH characteristic of the pure electrical vehicle.