bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantifying Feedback from Narrow Line Region Outflows in Nearby Active Galaxies. IV. The Effects of Different Density Estimates on the Ionized Gas Masses and Outflow Rates
Authors: Revalski Mitchell , Crenshaw D. Michael , Rafelski Marc , Kraemer Steven B. , Polack Garrett E. , Falcão Anna Trindade , Fischer Travis C. , Meena Beena , Martinez Francisco , Schmitt Henrique R. , Collins Nicholas R. , Falcone Julia
Published: April 2022

Active galactic nuclei (AGN) can launch outflows of ionized gas that may influence galaxy evolution, and quantifying their full impact requires spatially resolved measurements of the gas masses, velocities, and radial extents. We previously reported these quantities for the ionized narrow-line region outflows in six low-redshift AGN, where the gas velocities and extents were determined from Hubble Space Telescope long-slit spectroscopy. However, calculating the gas masses required multicomponent photoionization models to account for radial variations in the gas densities, which span ∼6 orders of magnitude. To simplify this method for larger samples with less spectral coverage, we compare these gas masses with those calculated from techniques in the literature. First, we use a recombination equation with three different estimates for the radial density profiles. These include constant densities, those derived from [S ii], and power-law profiles based on constant values of the ionization parameter (U). Second, we use single-component photoionization models with power-law density profiles based on constant U, and allow U to vary with radius based on the [O iii]/Hβ ratios. We find that assuming a constant density of n
H = 102 cm−3 overestimates the gas masses for all six outflows, particularly at small radii where the outflow rates peak. The use of [S ii] marginally matches the total gas masses, but also overestimates at small radii. Overall, single-component photoionization models where U varies with radius are able to best match the gas mass and outflow rate profiles when there are insufficient emission lines to construct detailed models.
Magnetic Field Structure and Faraday Rotation of the Plerionic Supernova Remnant G21.5–0.9
Authors: Lai Paul C. W. , Ng C.-Y. , Bucciantini Niccolo’
Published: April 2022

We present a polarimetric study of the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) in supernova remnant G21.5−0.9, using archival Very Large Array data taken at 5 and 7.4 GHz. The rotation measure (RM) map of the PWN shows a symmetric pattern that aligns with the presumed pulsar spin axis direction, implying a significant contribution to the RM from the nebula. We suggest that the spatial variation of the internal RM is mostly caused by the nonuniform distribution of electrons originating from the supernova ejecta. Our high-resolution radio polarization map reveals a global radial B-field. We show that a simple model with overall radial field and turbulence on a small scale can reproduce many observed features of the PWN, including the polarization pattern and polarized fraction. The modeling results also reject a strong large-scale toroidal B-field, suggesting that the toroidal field observed in the inner PWN cannot propagate to the entire nebula. Lastly, our model predicts that the internal Faraday rotation would break the linear relation between the polarization angle and the square of the wavelength, and cause severe depolarization at low frequencies.
ALMA Discovery of a Disk around the Planetary-mass Companion SR 12 c
Authors: Wu Ya-Lin , Bowler Brendan P. , Sheehan Patrick D. , Close Laird M. , Eisner Joshua A. , Best William M. J. , Ward-Duong Kimberly , Zhu Zhaohuan , Kraus Adam L.
Published: April 2022

We report an Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array 0.88 mm (Band 7) continuum detection of the accretion disk around SR 12 c, an ∼11 M
Jup planetary-mass companion (PMC) orbiting its host binary at 980 au. This is the first submillimeter detection of a circumplanetary disk around a wide PMC. The disk has a flux density of 127 ± 14 μJy and is not resolved by the ∼0.″1 beam, so the dust disk radius is likely less than 5 au and can be much smaller if the dust continuum is optically thick. If, however, the dust emission is optically thin, then the SR 12 c disk has a comparable dust mass to the circumplanetary disk around PDS 70 c but is about five times lower than that of the ∼12 M
Jup free-floating OTS 44. This suggests that disks around bound and unbound planetary-mass objects can span a wide range of masses. The gas mass estimated with an accretion rate of 10−11
M
☉ yr−1 implies a gas-to-dust ratio higher than 100. If cloud absorption is not significant, a nondetection of 12CO(3–2) implies a compact gas disk around SR 12 c. Future sensitive observations may detect more PMC disks at 0.88 mm flux densities of ≲100 μJy.
TwitterBulletin: An Intelligent and Real-Time Automated News Categorization Tool for Twitter
Authors: Demirci Sedef , Sagiroglu Seref
Published: April 2022

Social media platforms have become popular news sources thanks to their immense popularity and high speed of information dissemination. Using these platforms is essential for news organizations and journalists to track and discover news in digital journalism age. However, the abundance of meaningless data and the lack of organization on these platforms make it difficult to reach valuable news for journalists. In this paper, we create the first public dataset containing large number of real-world Turkish news tweets belonging to different news categories, to the best of our knowledge. We propose an artificial intelligence-based two-step approach to assist journalists for accessing the news shared by various sources on social media under the relevant categories like politics (elections, riots, etc.), health (pandemic, covid-19, etc.), etc. via a single platform by reducing the possibility of overlooking needed information. In the first step, we propose a machine learning based novel model for collecting and categorizing news posts on social media. We implement several traditional machine learning and deep learning based algorithms and evaluate their classification performance in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. In the second step, we develop a software tool, named TwitterBulletin, which automatically retrieves Turkish news tweets and groups them under news categories in real time by using the CNN classifier which achieves the best performance in the first step. The results show that the overall accuracy rate of TwitterBulletin is reasonably high and satisfactory despite the challenge of classifying short tweets.
A low-cost, durable, submersible light trap and customisable LED design for pelagic deployment and capture of fish parasite Salmincola sp. copepodids
Authors: Murphy Christina A. , Gerth William , Neal Travis , Arismendi Ivan
Published: April 2022

Documenting species invasions and assessments of ecological changes depend on detection. Here, we present a simple design of a plankton light trap with specific wavelength LEDs and modifications. We used PVC pipe to create standardised small, rigid, low-cost traps that can be deployed in lentic habitats. With a cost of under $30 US each, including lights and rechargeable batteries, our traps are affordable without the need for disposable chemical lights. These small traps rely on a vacuum to retain contents upon retrieval, eliminating complicated closing mechanisms and allowing bottom entry. Our design includes submersible LED lights that can withstand pressures of at least 5 atm. We expect that the included instructions for underwater light construction and rubber weights using sand may be broadly applicable. However, we designed and field-tested our traps focusing on the detection and capture of the infective copepodid lifestage of a freshwater parasitic copepod, Salmincola californiensis. This lifestage had previously only been observed by rearing in a laboratory setting and is of concern due to continued spread outside of its native range and detrimental impacts on salmonids, especially in freshwater reservoirs. We used a 445–450 nm wavelength LED light for capturing Salmincola copepodids, but the light design can be modified to any readily available LED and heat sink to attract other target organisms. In our case, the overall affordability of the trap and components allowed for the extensive trapping needed to capture and map the occurrence of rarely-observed species and lifestages, such as the copepodids of S. californiensis. In general, increasing the number of traps that can be deployed within or across sites can aid in the spatial comparisons of plankton distributions needed in studies of ecology and species life histories. Light traps may aid in the detection of introduced zooplankton, such as S. californiensis, outside of their native range and associated plankton community changes.
« Jaloux de sa gloire ». Cinq observations à propos d’une émotion absolutiste
Authors: Bjørnstad Hall
Published: April 2022

Cet article explore la fonction de la jalousie dans la figuration du pouvoir suprême dans la culture absolutiste sous Louis XIV. En se penchant successivement sur les panégyriques du roi prononcés à l’Académie française, le décor de Charles Le Brun dans la voûte de la Galerie des glaces à Versailles et les Mémoires de Louis XIV, l’article suggère une persistance inexplorée de la jalousie dans l’imaginaire de l’absolutisme, dont elle est, d’une certaine manière, constitutive.
Imago, identifications et identités trans à l’adolescence
Authors: Velt Johanna
Published: April 2022

Dans cet article, nous nous proposons de questionner les imagos et les identifications chez une jeune adolescente se revendiquant comme transgenre. À partir de la clinique, nous déploierons chez cette jeune fille l’imago d’une mère anale qui sous-tend et fixe son fonctionnement. Nous ferons l’hypothèse d’une incorporation de la haine de la mère pour son propre corps malformé et de la haine du corps sexuel dans un fonctionnement familial fusionnel et indifférencié, incorporation en lien avec le registre imagoïque. Nous mettrons en lien ce fonctionnement imagoïque et les identités trans, au regard du questionnement de la différence des sexes. Puis nous montrerons comment le travail thérapeutique, inauguré par un enactment de lever de masques en période de pandémie a ouvert un espace de transitionnalité permettant une déconstruction de l’imago et une mise en représentations de fantasmes et d’identifications, témoin d’un enrichissement du fonctionnement psychique.
Asymptotic expansion of 2-dimensional gradient graph with vanishing mean curvature at infinity
Authors: Liu Zixiao , Bao Jiguang
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we establish the asymptotic expansion at infinity of gradient graph in dimension 2 with vanishing mean curvature at infinity. This corresponds to our previous results in higher dimensions and generalizes the results for minimal gradient graph on exterior domain in dimension 2. Different from the strategies for higher dimensions, instead of the equivalence of Green's function on unbounded domains, we apply a version of iteration methods from Bao–Li–Zhang [Calc.Var PDE, 52(2015), pp. 39-63] that is refined by spherical harmonic expansions to provide a more explicit asymptotic behavior than known results.
Ground state solutions for asymptotically periodic nonlinearities for Kirchhoff problems
Authors: Silva Edcarlos D. , Silva Jefferson S.
Published: April 2022

It is establish existence of ground state solutions for nonlocal elliptic problems driven by Kirchhoff problem in the following form:

   \begin{document}$ \begin{equation*} -\left(a+b\int_{\mathbb{R}^3}|\nabla u|^2dx\right)\Delta u +V(x)u = \lambda q(x)u + g(x, u), \; \; \; x \in \mathbb{R}^3, u \in H^{1}(\mathbb{R}^{3}). \end{equation*} $\end{document}

where the potential \begin{document}$ V $\end{document} and nonlinearity \begin{document}$ g $\end{document} are periodic or asymptotically periodic. The main difficulty is to handle the lack of compactness due to the invariance under translations. The approach is based on minimization arguments over the Nehari set taking into account the fibering maps. Furthermore, due to the lack of compactness of Sobolev embedding into Lebesgue spaces, we need to recovery some kind of compactness required in variational methods. In order to do that we apply some fine estimates together with Lions' Lemma.
Impact of photovoltaic grid-tied systems on national grid power factor in Palestine
Authors: Braik Amer , Makhalfih Asaad , Abd Hamid Ag Sufiyan , Sopian Kamaruzzaman , Ibrahim Adnan
Published: April 2022

Residential photovoltaic systems are a cost-effective solution for Palestinians to reduce their power costs while improving the environment. Despite their numerous advantages, these systems have several negative effects on the entire electric grid infrastructure. Increased penetration of photovoltaic (PV) systems, for example, may result in a fall in the power factor of the distribution grid. When the power factor is low, heat production and switch failures are more likely to occur. Even though comparable research has been published in the past, this is the first time PV systems have been investigated in terms of power factors in Palestine. This research serves as a resource for people interested in how photovoltaics (PVs) impact their systems' total power factor. To begin, the researchers in this study presented an intuitive power factor selection criterion for photovoltaic (PV) systems. Second, the article included a proposal for an auxiliary power factor controller. This article's conclusions may be utilized by municipalities, grid operators, and legislators to aid them in planning, forecasting, and accommodating new PV systems in their grids in terms of total power factor, as demonstrated by the results of this study. However, even though the data in this study is drawn from Palestinian sources, it may be applied to other regions because the data sets used are worldwide in scope.
Bistability, bifurcations and chaos in the Mackey-Glass equation
Authors: Duruisseaux Valentin , Humphries Antony R.
Published: April 2022

Numerical bifurcation analysis, and in particular two-parameter continuation, is used in consort with numerical simulation to reveal complicated dynamics in the Mackey-Glass equation for moderate values of the delay close to the onset of chaos. In particular a cusp bifurcation of periodic orbits and resulting branches of folds of periodic orbits effectively partition the parameter space into regions where different behaviours are seen. The cusp bifurcation leads directly to bistability between periodic orbits, and subsequently to bistability between a periodic orbit and a chaotic attractor. This leads to two different mechanisms by which the chaotic attractor is destroyed in a global bifurcation with a periodic orbit in either an interior crisis or a boundary crisis. In another part of parameter space a sequence of subcritical period-doublings is found to give rise to bistability between a periodic orbit and a chaotic attractor. Torus bifurcations, and a codimension-two fold-flip bifurcation are also identified, and Lyapunov exponent computations are used to determine chaotic regions and attractor dimension.
Approximation of the initial value for damped nonlinear hyperbolic equations with random Gaussian white noise on the measurements
Authors: Duc Phuong Nguyen , Nane Erkan , Nikan Omid , Tuan Nguyen Anh
Published: April 2022

The main goal of this work is to study a regularization method to reconstruct the solution of the backward non-linear hyperbolic equation $ u_{tt} + \alpha\Delta^2u_t +\beta \Delta ^2u = \mathcal{F}(x, t, u) $ come with the input data are blurred by random Gaussian white noise. We first prove that the considered problem is ill-posed (in the sense of Hadamard), i.e., the solution does not depend continuously on the data. Then we propose the Fourier truncation method for stabilizing the ill-posed problem. Base on some priori assumptions for the true solution we derive the error and a convergence rate between a mild solution and its regularized solutions. Also, a numerical example is provided to confirm the efficiency of theoretical results.
The assessment of cultures and the autonomy of communities
Authors: Eisenberg Avigail
Published: April 2022

Cultural rights are one response to the mistreatment of minorities by dominant groups. Their protection has become a litmus test for the liberal nature of democratic states. At the same time, criticisms of cultural rights abound in scholarship and popular discourse. These include concerns that cultural rights distort and essentialize culture, that cultural protections shield gender discrimination, and that cultural rights legitimize a false narrative about the capacity of Western states to act justly towards subjugated minorities and, in particular, indigenous peoples. The question addressed here is whether the protection of cultural rights, as defended by Kymlicka in his 1989 book Liberalism, Community and Culture, is still an important project today in light of these criticisms and against the background of recent political circumstances which find some political leaders distancing themselves from multiculturalism and where, once again, cultural difference is used to exclude minorities from the full rights of citizenship.
Denmark and norway: matching labor market needs with qualified migrants
Authors: Aragones Ana Maria , Salgado Uberto
Published: April 2022

The relevance of our article is based on the fact that migrant workers have been very important in recent years, and since the 2007-2008 financial crisis, these kinds of workers have been playing a substantial role in the developed countries, particularly the highly qualified migrants. These countries are facing several problems. Structural demographic changes have negatively affected the labor market, which has also caused problems in the education sector. These are obstacles to economic growth in the framework of the knowledge economy, and incorporating highly skilled migrants and talented foreign students is a way to overcome these difficulties. In this article, we analyze two Scandinavian countries, Denmark and Norway, and the ways they are adopting various strategies to overcome their problems, implementing new public policies to retain talented foreign students and hiring highly qualified migrant workers.
Slovenski učbeniki kot akter etnocentrične in rasistične socializacije: primer osnovnošolskih učbenikov za geografijo
Authors: Šabec Ksenja
Published: April 2022

V članku so glavne ugotovitve kritične diskurzivne analize šestnajstih osnovnošolskih učbenikov za geografijo prikazane z vidika uporabljenega diskurza o Zahodu oziroma Evropi, posameznih celinah in razmerjih med njimi. Avtorica ugotavlja, da velika večina vsebuje jezikovne strategije, vsebine, miselne vzorce, slikovno gradivo, ki vodijo v stereotipne, poenostavljene, evropocentrične in tudi rasistične sklepe o neevropskem svetu in njenih prebivalcih, migrantih itd. Obenem to potrjuje tudi domnevo, da več učbenikov za posamezni predmet na tržišču še ne zagotavlja tudi pluralnosti diskurzov in vsebin, s katerimi naj bi učenci usvojili postavljene standarde znanja.
Vračanje potomcev slovenskih izseljencev v ZDA in Kanadi k slovenski identiteti v kontekstu globalnega trenda individualizacije
Authors: Valentinčič Dejan
Published: April 2022

Avtor v članku preučuje pojav posameznikov slovenskih korenin iz ZDA in Kanade, ki so stik z etnično identiteto in s slovensko skupnostjo izgubili že zelo zgodaj oz. jim predniki slovenske identitete sploh niso predali, a so jo pozneje (ponovno) odkrili. Življenjske zgodbe posameznikov postavlja v kontekst globalnega trenda individualizacije, ki ga aplicira na omenjene mikro primere. Zanima ga, kaj jih je privedlo do iskanja korenin, kaj jim te pomenijo in kako se renesansa etnične identitete odraža v njihovih življenjih.
Zaira Vidau, Upravljanje jezikovne različnosti v javni upravi: Primer slovenske, furlanske in nemške skupnosti v deželi Furlaniji Julijski krajini
Authors: Komac Miran
Published: April 2022

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Les enjeux de la représentativité dans la scène contemporaine
Authors: Uhiara Rafaella , Cobello Denise
Published: April 2022

Cet article s’intéresse au souci de représentativité dans la scène contemporaine qui s’exprime par la mise en scène de non-acteurs. Notre réflexion se fonde sur l’analyse de Mucamas, un spectacle-installation de l’artiste argentine Lola Arias, et de Gala (2015) du chorégraphe français Jérôme Bel. Quels sont les enjeux éthiques et esthétiques de ce choix de se passer du savoir-faire des professionnels de la scène ?
How Do We Communicate
Authors: Ursyn Anna
Published: April 2022

This chapter examines our modes of imparting or exchanging facts and opinions. After discussion of the role of electromagnetic waves in our sensory perception, further text describes the ways we and other living beings gain information through the senses, especially when enhanced with technology. Finally, communication between people, with computers, and with other living things is described, especially when animal communication involves senses unavailable to human beings. Emphasis is put on visual communication, some basic notions about semantics, and also visualization techniques and domains. Basic art concepts, elements of design in art, and principles of design in art serve as background information, followed by learning projects.
The Nature of the Relationship Between Sounds and Their Meanings
Authors: Adi Tom , Abdelghany Hala , Adi Kathy
Published: April 2022

In this chapter, the authors look at how the sounds that make up words may play a role in determining the meanings of words.
The Dispositive of Intercultural Communication
Authors: Busch Dominic
Published: April 2022

This article presents the concept of dispositives as it has been introduced by the French philosopher Michel Foucault. The concept will be contrasted with competing approaches from discourse analysis, and it will then be explored in its potential as a basis for empirical analysis. Dispositive analyses provide insights into how discourse, power, and knowledge shape society on a very general macro-level. Instead of linguistic, textual analyses, dispositive analysis helps to re-read the emergence, the development, and, as an example here, the inner composition of academic fields. This article sketches insights from a dispositive perspective into the field of intercultural communication research that is then interpreted as maintaining the dispositive of intercultural communication even if recent debates primarily aim at transcending old cementations of the discipline. The article will close with a discussion of shortcomings of the method that culminate in the challenge of argumentative circularity.
Narrative Generation Using Psychological Value Variables
Authors: Tanida Yasuo
Published: April 2022

In terms of story generation, the author proposes a method wherein stories can be rewritten using psychological value variables to ensure positive evaluation from readers. This method includes two phases wherein (1) a story likely to be chosen by readers from a selection of stories in the story generation system is chosen and (2) the selected story is rewritten using words that readers can relate to. It is imperative to understand the psychological values of the recipient and the relation between linguistic expressions and psychological values to complete the two phases of this study. In this chapter, the author examines the definition of psychological values and how to obtain them as well as the verification of the relation between linguistic expressions and values. This study aimed to rewrite the output of a story generation system using psychological values, and this paper is a research report on the preparation for rewriting stories. A proposal is offered for a study to construct and verify the system.
A Discourse Analytic Approach to Practices of Hawaiian Language Revitalization in the Mass Media
Authors: Furukawa Toshiaki
Published: April 2022

Scholars of language policy and planning (LPP) have recently started using ethnographic and discourse-analytic methods. Examining the collaborative sense-making activity of language users can shed light on how they construct their version or versions of reality by using semiotic resources, creating intertextual links, and referring to language ideologies. This study investigates an under-researched area in LPP: spoken discourse in media talk, specifically in media involved in indigenous language revitalization in Hawaiʻi. Using audio recordings of Ka Leo Hawaiʻi (The Hawaiian Voice) broadcast from the 1970s for over 25 years, the study explores the multilingual practices of the hosts, the guests, and the call-in listeners of the translingual contact zone of this Hawaiian language radio show by analyzing these participants' metapragmatic comments on the use of English and their bivalent utterances.
Inclusion in Linguistic Education
Authors: Monte-Serrat Dionéia Motta
Published: April 2022

Education norms have been altered over the years; however, marginalization problems in linguistic education have not changed. A contemporary approach to linguistic education is taken in which individuals with brain injury or dysfunction are not observed isolatedly from the operations that structure them. This chapter is a study on the signification processes that are constituted during enunciation by subjects who, due to brain dysfunction, appropriate reality and produce conscience of themselves in a particular fashion. Linguistic monitoring articulated with neurolinguistics is suggested in order to promote rhythmic, lexical, and syntactic modifications in such subjects' discourse so as to place the significant chain in order as regards its oral or written production. Hence, subjects with brain dysfunction can develop authorship characteristics as concerns both language appropriation and the subjective aspect, thus showing unicity under the form of coherence: such subjects' creative imagination is imposed, ordinating and coordinating the content expressed.
Dynamics of Translanguaging Practices
Authors: Ilosvay Kimberly
Published: April 2022

Translanguaging is a process by which people draw from all of their semiotic resources to co-construct meaning, thus learning from each other. While scholars tout translanguaging as being advantageous for work environments and cognitive development, educational practices often do not include translanguaging. Teaching of and through language traditionally adheres to the boundaries of separate language systems. Additionally, students may not want to code-mesh because traditionally, languages have been treated as distinct systems and individuals take on identities based on these systems as they provide membership in specific groups. Drawing on data from two different educational contexts, this chapter highlights some ways educators can legitimize translanguaging in the classroom in concrete ways. Suggestions offer new spaces to be explored when designing curricula and learning environments that value the language practices of students and families.
Signs of Plurilingualism
Authors: Daryai-Hansen Petra , Kirilova Marta
Published: April 2022

During the last decade, universities worldwide have gradually become more internationalized. The article contributes theoretically as well as empirically to the field of internationalization in higher education by discussing two plurilingual language strategies that have recently been implemented in Danish higher education. The authors discuss signs of plurilingualism, how they can be conceptualized and why the promotion of plurilingualism seems to be central to Danish universities' internationalization efforts. Furthermore, the authors present a preliminary model that tries to capture the plurilingual countermoves and the quantitative data that have been collected in order to investigate students' language needs and teachers' language needs, competences and practices. These findings suggest a multifaceted picture of language needs among students and language competences, practices and needs among university staff and problematize the perception of English and the national language(s) as sufficient languages for academia.
Linguistic Analysis of Science Teachers' Narratives Using AntConc Software
Authors: Muchnik-Rozanov Yulia , Tsybulsky Dina
Published: April 2022

This chapter presents the linguistic analysis of science teachers' narratives regarding their worldviews in the digital age and their views of technology. The analysis was performed using Laurence Anthony's software AntConc, which is suitable for analyzing large data corpora. The language behavior of the following groups of teachers was analyzed by exploring three distinctive linguistic markers: personal pronouns to study participants' foci of attention; emotion words, to measure the extent of their emotional immersion in the discourse; and semantic fields of specific word collocations. The results, based on the variations in the language behavior, indicated differences between the three groups of teachers' worldviews. In addition, the examination of the degree of descriptive elaboration, expressed through the use of sense, motion, and exclusion words, revealed similar levels of truthfulness in all three groups. The linguistic analysis, enhanced by various computational linguistic technologies available through the AntConc software, made it possible to identify implicitly conveyed thoughts and feelings, thereby affording a better understanding of complex education-related processes and phenomena.
Lawyer's ICC as a Result of Integration of Linguo-Didactics, Linguoculturology, and Jurisprudence
Authors: Glumova Elena Petrovna , Sokolova Elena Gennadievna
Published: April 2022

In terms of the current complicated socio-cultural and economic situations in the global communication system, achieving international cooperation becomes a challenge for Russia. A lawyer carries out legal regulations of interstate disputes with peaceful measures in the process of foreign language professional communications. One of the most important factors of successful international activity in the legal sphere is to master lawyer's intercultural communicative competence (ICC), as knowledge of foreign linguocultural features of verbal and non-verbal lawyers' behavior contributes to mutual understandings in professional interactions. The structure and content of a lawyers' ICC indicates its integrative nature, which enabled the authors to recognize an ESP approach in the intercultural context as a modern and perspective variant of integrated foreign language teaching for future law bachelors. This study offers methodological recommendations to implement an ESP model aimed at the development of lawyer's intercultural communicative competence.
Second Language Expressive Writing in Times of Global Crisis
Authors: Golzar Jawad , Miri Mir Abdullah
Published: April 2022

Meaningful literacy has tremendous yet untapped potential to engage language learners in significant ways. This study explored the EFL students' poetry writing in terms of gender, poetic features use, degree of emotionality, language learning, and therapeutic effects. During the times of global crisis, the researchers recruited two EFL students who had a meaningful literacy project as a course requirement. After analyzing the two poetic pieces considering linguistic measures, the two participants were interviewed to investigate students' reported experiences with writing poetry. The analysis revealed that the participants expressed positive attitudes toward poetry writing as it helped them share their inner thoughts and feelings despite sociocultural constraints. It was also found that poetry writing helped the participants improve their target language, feel emotionally relieved, serving as psychological therapy. The study proposed several pedagogical implications related to L2 expressive pedagogy that can be incorporated into second writing education curriculums.
Translanguaging and Digital Technologies in the Realm of Language Learning
Authors: Tzirides Anastasia Olga
Published: April 2022

In the globalized world that we live in, people communicate by using not only their primary language, but all the languages they know complemented by the use of multimodal elements, like images, videos, emoticons, memes, and more. This idea of using the whole linguistic and semiotic repertoire for communication is called translanguaging. This chapter focuses on the notion of translanguaging and explores its implementation in relation to digital tools. It offers an evolution of the definition of translanguaging, and it continues by analyzing it as a theoretical and pedagogical approach. It also explores, based on the literature, the way that translanguaging can be practically implemented in educational practice and in combination with digital technologies. This chapter provides cases and examples of digital translanguaging, and it concludes by determining the gaps in the literature and the potential future steps in this area.
English Sounds in Context
Authors: Wiltshire Caroline
Published: April 2022

The chapter takes the reader from the concrete phonetic descriptions of sounds, found in Chapters 11 and 12, to the use of these sounds in English. As in every language, sounds are influenced by their context. A large part of phonological description of a language is an effort to describe how the “same” sound is pronounced differently in different contexts, both phonetic and morphological. The chapter provides the phonemes of English, which are the distinctive units of sound, and examples of how they vary in context. It also illustrates the variation of English morphemes in context, by providing examples of allomorphy. Some implications of variation in context for teaching English are discussed.
Advertising With Humour
Authors: Mihăeş Lorena Clara , Epure Manuela
Published: April 2022

The chapter considers verbal humour used in advertising as a rhetorical device. To understand humour, one needs to make inferences by resorting to background knowledge (the domain of pragmatics), and to knowledge of the linguistic code (the domain of semantics). This endeavour examines a series of successful marketing campaigns for ROM, a Romanian chocolate bar brand, and tries to analyse the humorous elements they feature from a pragmatic and semantic perspective. Dwelling on ingrained prejudices and stereotypes, the advertisements for the Romanian chocolate bar have managed to attract attention by humorously exaggerating and sometimes by shocking the audience, compelling them to take action and share their opinions on the advertised matters on various websites. This strategy, which employs humour extensively, has turned out to be successful and, as a consequence, the brand's sales have dramatically increased.
A State-of-the-Art Review of Nigerian Languages Natural Language Processing Research
Authors: Asubiaro Toluwase Victor , Igwe Ebelechukwu Gloria
Published: April 2022

African languages, including those that are natives to Nigeria, are low-resource languages because they lack basic computing resources such as language-dependent hardware keyboard. Speakers of these low-resource languages are therefore unfairly deprived of information access on the internet. There is no information about the level of progress that has been made on the computation of Nigerian languages. Hence, this chapter presents a state-of-the-art review of Nigerian languages natural language processing. The review reveals that only four Nigerian languages; Hausa, Ibibio, Igbo, and Yoruba have been significantly studied in published NLP papers. Creating alternatives to hardware keyboard is one of the most popular research areas, and means such as automatic diacritics restoration, virtual keyboard, and optical character recognition have been explored. There was also an inclination towards speech and computational morphological analysis. Resource development and knowledge representation modeling of the languages using rapid resource development and cross-lingual methods are recommended.
Teachers' Attitudes, Knowledge and Skills in Respect to the Language Awareness Approach
Authors: Daryai-Hansen Petra , Lefever Samúel , Rimšāne Inta
Published: April 2022

This article will present findings from the DELA-NOBA project. During the project, quantitative and qualitative data from the participating teachers from pilot schools in Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, and Sweden were collected to investigate the participating teachers' attitudes, knowledge and skills and experiences of using language awareness activities in teaching. Based on teacher cognition as theoretical and methodological framework, the authors will present data from the teachers' survey at the beginning of the project, the teachers' interim survey and the focus group interviews at the end of the project.
Developing a Community of Learners From Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Backgrounds With Social Justice and Inclusive Critical Literacy Practices
Authors: Msengi Shadrack Gabriel
Published: April 2022

This case study is an investigation of cultural and linguistic diverse perspectives among parents, children, teachers, and teacher candidates. Survey and interview data were collected and analyzed to determine how these diverse perspectives affect teachers' application of culturally responsive literacy practices to develop a community of learners. Findings suggest that teachers and teacher candidates knew little about their students' diverse backgrounds. Their participation in the study and initial discussions among teachers, teacher candidates, children, and parents had a positive effect on experienced and novice teachers' knowledge of students. This knowledge included the ability to begin planning and managing instruction, as well as determining appropriate assessments and instructional strategies. Findings also suggest ways these teachers could engage students, families, and teachers in social justice practices.
Language Hierarchisations and Dehierarchisations
Authors: Daryai-Hansen Petra , Layne Heidi Johanna , Lefever Samúel
Published: April 2022

This article describes how Nordic societies have become more diverse with regard to languages presented at school. However, strong language hierarchies can be identified, which position majority, migrant and minority languages in the schools differently. This article will present some findings from the DELA-NOBA project which focus on parents' perspective on plurilingualism and language awareness. In the project, a set of teaching activities focusing on language awareness and diversity were developed in schools in the participating countries in order to contribute to language dehierarchisations. The theoretical framing for this study is based on a conceptualisation of language hierarchisation and dehierarchisation, and the data used are from parents' pre- and post-questionnaires in Denmark, Iceland and Finland. An important aim of this study was to investigate parents' choices and representations concerning plurilingualism and plurilingual education. The results indicate that plurlingualism is strongly appreciated by the parents, but the recognition of language hierarchies needs more attention.
Chinese Foreign Language Online Course Design to Improve English Monolingual Teachers' Awareness of ELLs
Authors: Wang Congcong
Published: April 2022

To improve English monolingual teachers' awareness of obstacles that English language learners (ELL) may encounter at school, in 2012 the author conducted a study to explore preservice teachers' perceptions of learning a foreign language online. No participant had Chinese learning experience and their interest varied. This study suggested that preservice teachers perceived their initial experiences as online language learners increased their linguistic, cultural and technological awareness, which would further benefit them when working with ELLs. However, it was unclear if teachers perceived they could transfer their awareness into teaching practice. Thus, this follow-up study explores in-service teachers' perceptions of linguistic, cultural, and technological awareness transfer in teaching ELLs by asking them to engage and reflect on their experiences with a Chinese language online course. This chapter proposes a model for language teacher linguistic, cultural, and technological awareness development and transfer, as well as discussing issues related to language teacher awareness transfer.
Cultural Identity and Catalan Language Planning
Authors: Escolano Xènia
Published: April 2022

The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of the current situation of Catalan as a factor that aids the construction of identity in the areas where language has a long historical presence and has been used as primary language. This introduces a qualitative variable from a sociolinguistic point of view: linguistic identity in the context of languages in contact. This chapter will focus specifically on the Spanish areas where Catalan is spoken and is an official language: Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and the Valencian Community. It will also analyse the influence of language planning—especially carried out within the educational system—on the maintenance of Catalan language as a vehicle of communication, considering the acquisition of Catalan by Spanish speakers from the above-mentioned areas.
Marking Community Identity Through Languaging
Authors: White Jonathan R.
Published: April 2022

This chapter takes up the issue of authenticity in language pedagogy. Traditional views of authenticity take the native speaker to be the primary authority for linguistic norms. Written standard language is especially highly valued here. It is argued herein that TELL environments are equally valid as learning environments, and that students can use the freedom they provide to develop their own locally negotiated cultural and linguistic norms. Evidence is provided that students on a net-based MA program develop their own norms for reducing language, and use them and other means to mark membership of a local TELL community. Thus, TELL is a rich and authentic environment for learners of English to become what is referred to as “language practitioners.”
A Study on Linguistic Management in Online and Offline Communities
Authors: Baek U Jin , Lee Miji , Lee Jongtae
Published: April 2022

There are many conflicts among online communities' users and there are diverse types of online communities which have their own conflict management. Also, there are many users who perceive their online communities useful both in their cyber and real lives. This study clarifies the effects of jargons and focuses on finding out whether there are considerable relationships among individual inclination, linguistic habits, and conflict management types to affect the user's intention to participate in communities. There are significant relationships among jargons, conflict managements, selfishness, and perceived usefulness. This study also explains whether the frequency usage of jargon in online communities would affect the types of management, perceived usefulness, and community members' participation. Moreover, it may be clear that online jargon effect community members' participation and perceived usefulness.
The Influence of Teacher Talk in English Grammar Acquisition
Authors: Alkhazraji Asmaa Muwafaq
Published: April 2022

This chapter reviews studies related to the teacher talk through grammar instruction that occurs naturally with learners. It attempts to portray the impact of teacher talk in English grammar acquisition. It focuses on the manner learners acquire grammar verbally from their teachers' conversation. Teacher talk is the crux of grammar instruction, and the manner teachers handle it in their classroom is the main purpose of this chapter. This chapter also highlights the role of techniques, strategies, and procedures used during teacher talk in the learning process. It contributes to improving the grammatical rules acquisition through the post-method pedagogy. The conversation analysis method was used for the transcription and analysis of the data. Consequently, this chapter focuses on the issues related to grammar, grammar instruction, techniques, and strategies used in teacher talk through grammar explanation. This was done with reference to the interaction procedures used by the teacher to improve and extend the learning space.
Diurnal activity patterns and feeding ecology of geladas (Theropithecus gelada) in Ankober District at Kundi, North Shewa, Ethiopia
Authors: Abraham Gojjam Tenaw , Mammo Dereje Yazezew , Teferedegn Gezahegn Degefe
Published: April 2022

Theropithecus gelada is the primate species endemic to the central and northwestern highlands of Ethiopia and is the only extant species of the genus Theropithecus. Diurnal activity patterns and feeding behavior of geladas were studied at Kundi, Ankober district, Ethiopia from August 2017 to March 2018 to cover both wet and dry seasons. Scan sampling method was employed to study the activity patterns and feeding behavior of geladas in the study area. Activity scans were collected at 15-minutes intervals for up to 5 minutes duration from 0700 to 1730h.  During each scan, individuals were recorded as performing one of the following behaviors: feeding, moving, resting, playing, aggression, grooming, sexual activity and others. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test were used in data analysis. During the wet season geladas spent grooming 20%, playing 19%,  14%  resting,  feeding 12%,  other activity 11%,  moving 9%  and 3% in aggression. Geladas spent 27% feeding, 21% moving, 13% other activities, 12% aggression, 7% grooming, 7% playing and 4% resting during the dry season. There were significant differences in all activity time budgets between seasons except other activities. The total time spent feeding on grass blades and cereals were 25.5% and 23.5% in the study area, respectively. There was a significant difference between the age and sex classes of geladas in their activity time budgets. Eleven species of plants were recorded as the food of geladas in this study area. This study provides baseline information on the behavioral ecology of geladas outside protected areas.
REAL WORLD MULTIPLE MYELOMA REGISTRY FROM JORDAN, A DEVELOPING COUNTRY.
Authors: Awidi Abdalla , Qasem Farah , Abu-Qamar A'sem , Aqel Batool , Aladayleh Rand , Alteerah Ilham , Magableh Ahmad , Bawa”neh ,  Hisham , Al-fararjeh Feras
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background and objective: Very scanty reports from the middle east and north Africa (MENA) region have been published on multiple myeloma (MM). Multiple myeloma registry has been established at Jordan University Hospital (JUH) since 2009. In this work we aim to review Multiple Myeloma registry with data from 113 patients who were diagnosed with MM at JUH and analyze their management and course.
Methods: This is a non-interventional, and retrospective analysis of MM registry from 2009-2016 involving 113 patients at JUH. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Overall survival (OS) was analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method. P value was considered significant if it was (<0.05).
Results: We found no gender difference in this registry. The median age is 62 years. Most patients are ISS stage II and III (36.28% for each). Immunoglobulin type G Kappa is the dominant subtype. Bone pain is the most common presenting symptom. The most common laboratory finding is anemia (45.6%). Most of our patients (85.2%) had received thalidomide and dexamethasone, while only 14.8% received bortezomib, thalidomide, and dexamethasone.
The mean overall survival (OS) in our patients was 74 months, and the median survival was 38 months. Median OS for ISS stage I, II, and III were 96, 46, and 16 months respectively.
Conclusion: MM in a developing country presents a challenging disease compared with that in industrial countries in both the epidemiology and management. An improved road map in the care of MM in these countries is needed. The use of three or four drug combination upfront is warranted. However, this is limited because of the high cost of these drugs. We expect the following decade to show better survival and quality of life for MM patients once these drugs are widely used.
 
KEYWORDS: MYELOMA, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, JORDAN, NEW THERAPIES, THERAPY COST.