bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
More popular, more listings? Effects of popularity on Airbnb host expansion
Authors: Tang Li , Xu Zhen , Lyu Xuanxuan
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Sharing accommodation has lowered the threshold for digital entrepreneurship in the accommodation industry, prompting entrepreneurs to join this industry. However, digital micro-entrepreneurs have been ignored by previous studies. To bridge the gap, this study aims to explore the impact of reputational asset (host popularity) and host’s human capital (entrepreneurial entry speed and managerial seniority) on host expansion grounded on the resource-based theory.

Design/methodology/approach

This study obtained crawler data by python from Airbnb.com, locking the time range to the past five years from 2013 to 2018 in Beijing of China. This study finally has 348 hosts’ balanced panel data to estimate the ordinary least squares regression model with fixed-year effect.

Findings

Results demonstrate that host popularity has a significant positive effect on host expansion. Furthermore, entrepreneurial entry speed strengthens the positive effect of host popularity on host expansion, whereas managerial seniority weakens the positive effect. The three-way interaction analysis reveals that the positive impact of host popularity on host expansion is strongest when managerial seniority is smaller and entrepreneurial entry speed is faster.

Research limitations/implications

The research has important implications to how the platforms interfere with the implementation of host expansion strategy and adds valuable insights to understand the transformation process of host expansion from nonprofessional to professional.

Originality/value

The research has expanded the literature related to the micro-entrepreneurship of the sharing economy and verified the application of resource-based theory under sharing economy.
Factors affecting social entrepreneurial intentions in a Portuguese higher education institution
Authors: Sousa-Filho José Milton de , Almeida Fernando
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This study aims to identify and explore the factors affecting social entrepreneurial intentions considering an educational institution in Portugal. It also intends to determine the relevance of moderating factors in the antecedents and entrepreneurial intention of these students.

Design/methodology/approach

A panel of 177 undergraduate students enrolled in a social entrepreneurship course between the academic years 2018 and 2021 is considered. The data is explored quantitatively considering descriptive analysis techniques, correlational analysis and hypothesis testing.

Findings

The findings reveal that entrepreneurial intention depends on multiple individual, organizational and contextual dimensions. Students' entrepreneurial intention remains unchanged regardless of the student’s profile. However, students' professional experience is a more relevant factor for the identification of organizational dimensions related to curriculum and critical pedagogy, while previous involvement in volunteer activities contributes to a higher prevalence of individual factors.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is original in exploring the role of entrepreneurial intention and its antecedents considering a heterogeneous students' profile. It offers theoretical and practical contributions by extending the literature on social entrepreneurial intention that can be used by higher education institutions to offer specific training more focused on the student's profile.
A qualitative exploration of factors driving sustainable innovation in small-and medium-sized enterprises in Jordan
Authors: Zighan Saad , Abuhussein Tala , Al-Zu’bi Zu’bi , Dwaikat Nidal Yousef
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Business excellence relies heavily upon sustainable innovation. Still, sustainable innovation is an emerging concept in business practices and has yet to reach a common perception among small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This study aims to address sustainable innovation in SMEs and the factors driving sustainable innovation development.

Design/methodology/approach

An exploratory study was conducted to gain insight into the emerging concept of sustainable innovation in the SMEs’ context. Empirical evidence was collected from five case studies. Twenty-five interviews were conducted.

Findings

This study findings show that SMEs have different ways of understanding sustainable innovation, resulting in different approaches to integrate sustainable innovation into their business. In SMEs, sustainable innovation may not be a fixed concept due to its ambiguous boundaries and various ways of understanding. External and internal factors are driving SMEs’ sustainable innovation. It depends mainly on organizational culture and the capabilities of SMEs and their members in terms of cooperation and integration in work teams, conditions to achieve consensus, articulation of activities, coherence and commitment to the firms’ objectives. These factors collide and enhance each other and positively impact SMEs’ sustainable innovation.

Originality/value

The scientific relevance of this study lies in the integration of sustainable innovation research in the context of SMEs. There has been limited exploration of how SMEs perceive and engage in sustainable innovation and the factors that drive sustainable innovation development outside of large firms. This study empirically explored the concept of sustainable innovation in the context of SMEs to understand underlying factors related to sustainable innovation.
Seasonality and forecasting analysis of the South-East Asian container freight market
Authors: Vemuri Samhita , Munim Ziaul Haque
Published: March 2023

Purpose

While previous studies focused mainly on East Asia to Europe or United States trade routes, in recent years, trade among South-East Asian countries has increased notably. The price of transporting a container is not fixed and can fluctuate heavily over the course of a week. Besides, extant literature only identified seasonality patterns in the container freight market, but did not explore route-varying seasonality patterns. Hence, this study analyses container freight seasonality patterns of the six South-East Asian routes of the South-East Asian Freight Index (SEAFI) and the index itself and forecasts them.

Design/methodology/approach

Data of the composite SEAFI and six routes are collected from the Shanghai Shipping Exchange (SSE) including 167 weekly observations from 2016 to 2019. The SEAFI and individual route data reflect spot rates from the Shanghai Port to South-East Asia base ports. The authors analyse seasonality patterns using polar plots. For forecasting, the study utilize two univariate models, autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and seasonal autoregressive neural network (SNNAR). For both models, the authors compare forecasting results of original level and log-transformed data.

Findings

This study finds that the seasonality patterns of the six South-East Asian container trade routes are identical in an overall but exhibits unique characteristics. ARIMA models perform better than SNNAR models for one-week ahead test-sample forecasting. The SNNAR models offer better performance for 4-week ahead forecasting for two selected routes only.

Practical implications

Major industry players such as shipping lines, shippers, ship-owners and others should take into account the route-level seasonality patterns in their decision-making. Forecast analysts can consider using the original level data without log transformation in their analysis. The authors suggest using ARIMA models in one-step and four-step ahead forecasting for majority of the routes. The SNNAR models are recommended for multi-step forecasting for Shanghai to Vietnam and Shanghai to Thailand routes only.

Originality/value

This study analyses a new shipping index, that is, the SEAFI and its underlying six routes. The authors analyze the seasonality pattern of container freight rate data using polar plot and perform forecasting using ARIMA and SNNAR models. Moreover, the authors experiment forecasting performance of log-transformed and non-transformed series.
Management accountants’ image, role and identity: employer branding and identity conflict
Authors: Ala-Heikkilä Virpi , Järvenpää Marko
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This study aims to take a step toward integrating research regarding the image, role and identity of management accountants by understanding how employers’ perceptions of the ideal management accountant image differ from operational managers’ perceived role expectations, how management accountants perceive their identity and how those factors shape management accountants’ understanding of who they are and want to be.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative design draws upon the case company’s 100 job advertisements and 31 semi-structured interviews with management accountants and operational managers. Those data are entwined with role theory and its core concepts of expectations and identities and also early recruitment-related theoretical aspects such as image and employer branding.

Findings

The findings reveal how employers’ perceptions of the ideal image and operational managers’ role expectations shape and influence the identity of management accountants. However, management accountants distance themselves from a brand image and role expectations. They experience identity conflict between their current and desired identity, the perception of not being able to perform the currently desired role. Although this study presents some possible reasons and explanations, such as employer branding for the misalignment and discrepancy between perceptions of employer (image), expectations of operational managers (role) and management accountants’ self-conception of the role (identity), this study argues that the identity of a management accountant results from organizational aspects of image and role and individual aspects of identity.

Research limitations/implications

Image and external role expectations can challenge identity construction and also serve as a source of conflict and frustration; thus, a more comprehensive approach to studying the identity of management accountants is necessary to understand what contributes to the fragility of their identity.

Practical implications

The results provide an understanding of the dynamics of the image, role and identity to support management accountants and employers and to further address the suggested dissonance and ambiguities.

Originality/value

This study contributes by showing how the dynamics and connections between the image, role and identity influence the identity construction of management accountants. Moreover, this study shows how overpromising as a part of employer branding might not reflect the reality experienced by management accountants but may cause frustration and threaten the management accountants’ identity.
Research progress of omalizumab in the treatment of bullous pemphigoid
Authors: Ling Xiaoya , Shou Xinyang , Lou Yufei , Ling Jie , Zhang Mengyuan , Yu Tugen , Gu Weijia
Published: March 2023

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering disease associated with anti‐BP180 and anti‐BP230 antibodies. The pathogenic action mechanism of immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies in BP has been studied since the 1970s, and IgE antibodies have gradually been confirmed as being important in BP; therefore, anti‐IgE therapy may be a new option for the treatment of BP. Omalizumab, as an IgE monoclonal antibody, has been increasingly used clinically to treat BP in recent years. Here, we collected 35 papers investigating omalizumab for BP treatment in a total of 83 patients, and the vast majority of patients showed varying degrees of improvement after treatment, except for a small number of patients with poor clinical outcomes. The patients were then divided into three groups according to dosing frequency and number of doses. Statistical analysis indicated that dosing frequency had little effect on clinical efficacy. While the groups with different numbers of doses were evaluated, the results concluded that clinical efficacy was affected by the number of doses, but there was no positive correlation between the number of doses and clinical efficacy.
Aporetic differences? Equality entitlements, religious schools, and contours of protection
Authors: Kasstan Ben
Published: March 2023

The requirement for schools in England to implement equality education has led religious conservative minorities to voice a conflict between legally protected characteristics of religion and sexual orientation. Drawing on long‐term ethnographic engagement with Jewish orthodoxies in England, the article critiques these apparent aporetic differences by tracing the grammars of protection that are fielded by custodians of state governance and religious conservativism in public disputes and how particular grammars of protection are rendered authoritative over others. The article excavates how the staging of authoritative grammars of protection by state and religious conservative actors forecloses an understanding of the subject‐positions that manoeuvre at the sidelines to integrate ways of being and protect a space for difference. Through the framing of an arm‐wrestle, the article critiques negotiations over policy and legal reform as it is grasped in social worlds, and explores how state and religious conservative actors move within the conventions of secular liberal governance to maintain their authority and stakes amidst challenges to continuity.
Suitability of acid whey for fermented and fresh‐pack cornichon pickle production
Authors: Ozturk Cetin Ozlem , Cebeci Avunca Semanur , Cagri Mehmetoglu Arzu , Yemis Oktay , Ozturk Mustafa
Published: March 2023

Suitability of acid whey (AW) as brine media in fermented and fresh‐pack cornichon pickle production was investigated. Fermented and fresh‐pack pickles were produced with AW and vinegar (control). Microbiological, textural, colour and sensory properties of the pickles were monitored during 12‐wk storage at room temperature. Fermented and fresh‐pack pickles manufactured with AW exhibited higher total solids content than the pickles manufactured with vinegar. Acid whey as pickling media increased the development of presumptive lactococci species both in fermented and in fresh‐pack pickles. This study shows that AW is a suitable pickling media for fermented and fresh‐pack cornichon pickle manufacture.
Efficacy of various activation techniques on tubule penetration of resin‐based and bioceramic root canal sealers: Anin vitroconfocal microscopy study
Authors: Coşkun Başoğlu Ezgi , Koçak Sibel , Özdemir Olcay , Koçak Mustafa Murat , Sağlam Baran Can
Published: March 2023

To compare the penetration of Ah Plus and MTA Fillapex after irrigation activation with sonic, passive ultrasonic, SWEEPS and XP‐Endo Finisher using confocal microscopy. Instrumented root canals of 160 mandibular premolar teeth were allocated randomly to four groups (n = 40/group) and eight subgroups according to the activation techniques and canal sealers (n = 20/subgroup). After the obturation, three sections at 1–2, 5–6 and 9–10 mm levels from the apex were examined. Penetration area and maximum penetration depth values were represented as mean and standard deviation, and results below 0.05 were considered statistically significant. For penetration area and maximum penetration depth, the statistical difference was found in terms of material, device and region (Maximum penetration depth:p = 0.006,p < 0.001,p < 0.001; Penetration area:p = 0.004,p < 0.001,p < 0.001). SWEEPS was found to be relatively higher than other groups. Sealers presented similar results when evaluated independently of the region. The use of SWEEPS for irrigation activation is promising in terms of tubule penetration.
Evaluation of the value of genetic testing for cystinuria in the Danish population of English bulldogs
Authors: Fitzwilliams Therese , Wolff‐Sneedorff Julie L. , Fredholm Merete , Karlskov‐Mortensen Peter , Guldbrandtsen Bernt , Bruun Camilla S.
Published: March 2023

Cystinuria is a genetic disease that can lead to cystine urolith formation. The English bulldog is the dog breed most frequently affected. In this breed, three missense mutations have been suggested to be associated with cystinuria: c.568A>G and c.2086A>G in SLC3A1 and c.649G>A in SLC7A9. In this study, the occurrence of these three mutations in the Danish population of English bulldogs was investigated. Seventy‐one English bulldogs were genotyped using TaqMan assays. The dogs’ owners were given questionnaires concerning the medical histories of their dogs. Allele frequencies of 0.40, 0.40, and 0.52 were found for the mutant alleles in the three loci: c.568A>G, c.2086A>G, and c.649G>A, respectively. For both mutations in SLC3A1, a statistically significant association was found between cystinuria and homozygosity for the G allele among male, English bulldogs. For the mutation in SLC7A9, there was no statistically significant association between homozygosity for the mutant allele and cystinuria. Due to high allele frequencies, limited genetic diversity, continued uncertainty about the genetic background of cystinuria, and more severe health problems in the breed, selection based on genetic testing for the mutations in SLC3A1 cannot be recommended in the Danish population of English bulldogs. However, results of the genetic test may be used as a guide to recommend prophylactic treatment.
Adventures in “belief”: Hearing an old concept in a new key
Authors: Tomlinson Matt
Published: March 2023

The well‐worn critique of “belief” as inadequate for understanding ritual motivation and practice has become a truism in need of reevaluation. For groups who foreground the establishment of truth in ritual practice, “belief” is a useful analytic term that brings together propositions and commitment to the relationships and systems articulating those propositions. Spiritualism is a religious movement in which mediums attempt to communicate between the spirits of deceased people and their loved ones. As Spiritualist mediums see it, their main job is to provide “proof of survival”—evidence that they are really in touch with the spirit world. In doing so, they “serve Spirit,” working on behalf of those in the spirit world. Drawing on Bakhtin's treatment of dialogism and architectonics, I urge a rethinking of “belief” as a never‐completed project worked on intersubjectively. This approach to belief not only makes sense for analysis of groups who insist on the importance of truth claims but also liberates the term for use outside of Christian and self‐consciously modern contexts, as Bakhtinian dialogism is grounded in a model of the utterance and interactivity in general and not in any specific utterance or pattern of interaction.
Trend of unplanned reoperation rates after lumbar degenerative surgery from 2011 to 2019: a large patient population study
Authors: Luo Zhi‐Wen , Wu Jia‐Bao , Sun Bo‐Lin , Liao Wei‐Jie , Huang Shan‐Hu , Zhang Zhi‐Hong , Liu Zhi‐Li , Liu Jia‐Ming
Published: March 2023

Background

Unplanned reoperation is commonly performed due to postoperative complications. Previous studies have reported the incidence of unplanned reoperation following lumbar spinal surgery. But few study focused on the trend of reoperation rates, and the reasons of unplanned reoperation were not clear. In this study, we conducted a retrospective study to determine the trend of unplanned reoperation rates after degenerative lumbar spinal surgery from 2011 to 2019, and the reasons and risk factors of unplanned reoperation were also determined.

Methods

Data of patients who were diagnosed with degenerative lumbar spinal disease and underwent posterior lumbar spinal fusion surgery in our institution from January 2011 to December 2019 were reviewed. Those who received unplanned reoperation during the primary admission were identified. The demographics, diagnosis, surgical segments and postoperative complications of these patients were recorded. The rates of unplanned reoperation from 2011 to 2019 were calculated, and the reasons of unplanned reoperation were statistically analysed.

Results

A total of 5289 patients were reviewed. Of them, 1.91% (n = 101) received unplanned reoperation during the primary admission. The unplanned reoperation rates of degenerative lumbar spinal surgery firstly increased from 2011 to 2014, with a peak rate in 2014 (2.53%). Then, the rates decreased from 2014 to 2019, with the lowest one in 2019 (1.46%). Patients with lumbar spinal stenosis have a higher rate of unplanned reoperation (2.67%) compared with those diagnosed as lumbar disc herniation (1.50%) and lumbar spondylolisthesis (2.04%) (P < 0.05). The main reasons for unplanned reoperation were wound infection (42.57%), followed by wound hematoma (23.76%). Patients who underwent 2‐segment spinal surgery had a higher unplanned reoperation rate (3.79%) than those receiving other segments surgery (P < 0.001). And different spine surgeons had different reoperation rates.

Conclusions

The rates of unplanned reoperation after lumbar degenerative surgery increased at first and then decreased during past 9 years. Wound infection was the major reason for unplanned reoperation. 2‐segment surgery and surgeon's surgical skills were related to the reoperation rate.
Social egg freezing: Motivations, treatment experiences and the impact of Covid‐19 – a single‐center experience
Authors: Murugesu Sughashini , Charalambides Mikaela Maria , Jones Benjamin P. , Saso Srdjan , Faris Raef , Parikh Jaya , Nicopoullos James , Thum Meen‐Yau , Bracewell‐Milnes Timothy
Published: March 2023

Introduction

This study aims to assess the motivations and treatment experiences of women undergoing social egg freezing and to understand the impact of the Covid‐19 pandemic.

Material and methods

Between January 2011 to December 2021, 191 social egg freezing patients were recruited from the Lister Fertility Clinic, London UK. Participants completed a validated questionnaire investigating patients’ perspectives of social egg freezing. A response rate of 46.6% was achieved.

Results

In all, 93.9% of women expressed concern regarding age‐related fertility decline which influenced their decision to undergo social egg freezing. The majority (89.5%) of women were not in a relationship at the time of social egg freezing and considered this a motivating factor. Also, 39.0% of participants had side effects related to treatment which affected work and social life. Participants were significantly more likely to experience side effects if they underwent multiple egg freezing cycles (χ2, p < 0.01) or if they cryopreserved oocytes during the COVID‐19 pandemic (χ2, p < 0.05). Of the women, 64.0% wished to have cryopreserved oocytes at a younger age, a view significantly more likely if older than 37 years at first social egg freezing cycle (χ2, p < 0.001). Also, 82.3% of women reported their decision to undergo social egg freezing was not delayed due to concerns regarding COVID‐19 exposure during treatment; 44.1% considered the pandemic made them more willing to undergo social egg freezing.

Conclusions

Most participants did not regret their decision to undergo social egg freezing but the majority wished they had cryopreserved oocytes at a younger age. This highlights the importance of early education to optimize outcomes and patient choice. The egg freezing process can be stressful, women may have concerns around social egg freezing and unprecedented situations such as the COVID‐19 pandemic may alter treatment experience.
Radial stem astrocytes (aka neural stem cells): Identity, development, physio‐pathology, and therapeutic potential
Authors: Yeh Chia‐Yu , Wu Kuan‐Yu , Huang Guo‐Jen , Verkhratsky Alexei
Published: March 2023

Adult neurogenesis is a striking example of neuroplasticity, which enables adaptive network remodelling in response to all forms of environmental stimulation in physiological and pathological contexts. Dysregulation or cessation of adult neurogenesis contributes to neuropathology negatively affecting brain functions and hampering regeneration of the nervous tissue while targeting adult neurogenesis may provide the basis for potential therapeutic interventions. Neural stem cells in the adult mammalian brain are at the core and the entry point of adult neurogenesis. By their origin and properties, these cells belong to astroglia, and are represented by stem radial astrocytes (RSA) which exhibit multipotent “stemness”. In the neurogenic niches, RSA interact with other cellular components, including protoplasmic astrocytes, which in turn regulate their neurogenic activity. In pathology, RSA become reactive, which affects their neurogenic capabilities, whereas reactive parenchymal astrocytes up‐regulate stem cell hallmarks and are able to generate progeny that remain within astrocyte lineage. What makes RSA special is their multipotency, represented by self‐renewing capacity capability to generate other cellular types as progeny. A broad understanding of the cellular features of RSA and parenchymal astrocytes provides an insight into the machinery that promotes/suppresses adult neurogenesis, clarifying principles of network remodelling. In this review, we discuss the cellular hallmarks, research tools, and models of RSA and astrocytes of the subventricular zone along the lateral ventricle and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. We also discuss RSA in ageing, which has a great impact on the proliferative capacity of RSA, as well as the potential of RSA and astrocytes in therapeutic strategies aimed at cell replacement and regeneration.
Comparison of carcass traits and nutritional profile in two different broiler‐type duck lines
Authors: Gao Wen , Cao Zhengfeng , Zhang Yu , Zhang Yang , Zhao Wenming , Chen Guohong , Li Bichun , Xu Qi
Published: March 2023

Cherry Valley ducks (CVDs) and White Kaiya ducks (WKDs) are judged to be fast‐ and slow‐growing lines, respectively. To investigate the carcass traits and nutritional profile at their marketable ages, 12 birds (38 days for CVDs, n = 6; 56 days for WKDs, n = 6) were randomly selected and slaughtered. Indicators such as breast muscle weight, shear force, and proximate composition were comprehensively detected. Although the carcass and breast muscle weight in WKDs were significantly lower, remarkably higher intramuscular fat and tenderness and less moisture content were observed in WKDs. Besides, WKDs contained higher contents of Cu, Zn, and Ca, whereas CVDs contained higher leucine (Leu) and histidine (His) compositions (P < 0.01). Moreover, higher monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) along with lower saturated fatty acids (SFAs) were detected in WKDs (P < 0.01). Taken together, despite light carcass and breast muscle weight, WKDs had advantages in nutritional compositions except for amino acid constituents, including intramuscular fat, MUFAs, and PUFAs, as well as Cu, Zn, and Ca. These data would not only provide genetic resources for breeding new duck lines but also offer a useful reference for making decisions on high‐nutrient meat consumption.
Economic bifurcations in pandemic leadership: Power in abundance or agency amid scarcity?
Authors: Uyheng Joshua , Montiel Cristina Jayme
Published: March 2023

Social psychological scholarship has emphasized the importance of effective leadership during the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, the wider material contexts of these dynamics have often remained understudied. Through a critical discursive lens, this paper investigates differences in the social constructions used by leaders of richer and poorer nations during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We identify a sharp economic bifurcation in global discourses of pandemic leadership. Pandemic leadership in wealthier nations exercises power in abundance by mobilizing institutions and inspiring communities through discursive frames of coordination and collaboration. Conversely, pandemic leadership in poorer settings negotiates agency amid scarcity by tactically balancing resources, freedoms and dignity within discursive frames of restriction and recuperation. Implications of these findings are unpacked for understanding leadership especially during an international crisis, highlighting the need for critical sensitivities to wider societal structures for a genuinely global social psychology.
Chemical aposematism: the potential for non‐host odours in avian defence
Authors: Weldon Paul J.
Published: March 2023

Many birds display plumage coloration and patterns that act as visual aposematic and mimetic signals for predators. Avian aposematism can also be communicated via chemical cues, where so‐called non‐host odours (NHO) emitted from the plumage, the uropygial (preen) gland or other chemical sources denote the status of birds as dangerous or unprofitable hosts for ectoparasitic and haematophagous arthropods. Avian NHO are aposematic signals that in natural concentrations repel nuisance arthropods or inhibit their attraction to hosts, as opposed to being generally unpalatable or toxic to predators. Birds that emit NHO preempt encounters with nuisance arthropods and the pathogens they transmit. Nuisance arthropods that respond to NHO avoid birds that exhibit disabling behavioural, anatomical, physiological and/or chemical defences. As with distinctive plumage patterns that evolved as visual warnings to predators, birds are selected to advertise their non‐host status to nuisance arthropods via distinctive semiochemicals. Short‐chain (C6–C10) aldehydes emitted from the plumage of some birds may act as NHO against a variety of nuisance arthropods. In some birds, the size of the uropygial gland (and presumably its secretory output) is negatively correlated with the degree of ectoparasite infestation or the incidence of malarial infection, thus implicating uropygial secretions in defence against dipteran vectors of haemosporidian pathogens. A field experiment demonstrates that volatiles emanating from the uropygial gland of the Eurasian HoopoeUpupa epopsdeter some biting flies. Birds' risky habit of plucking hair from live mammals and incorporating the stolen hair tufts into their nests is hypothesized to serve as a mechanism of appropriating NHO from mammalian skin secretions for nest defence against arthropods. Feathers plucked from heterospecifics and shed snake skins that are incorporated into nests also may emit NHO. Behavioural assays measuring the repellence or attraction‐inhibition of arthropods are needed to elucidate avian NHO. Experimental efforts to elucidate the underlying defences that support avian NHO entail challenges that include the enactment of defences that are variously effective against different arthropods, and the emission of chemical signals that are variously ‘understood’, i.e. avoided, by different arthropods.
COVID‐19 (Omicron strain) hospital admissions from a virtual ward – who required further care?
Authors: Mackay Ian , France Megan , McAuley Duncan , Wing Sean , Wheeldon Mary , Britton Susan , Todd Catherine , Pitiris Alexandra , Barrett‐Beck Leah , Rushbrook Elizabeth , Bennett Cameron , McCarthy Kate
Published: March 2023

Background

The COVID‐19 virtual ward was created to provide care for people at home with COVID‐19. Given this was a new model of care, little was known about the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients requiring admission to hospital from the virtual ward platform.

The aims were to characterise hospital admission volume, patient epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcome from a virtual ward in the setting of an Omicron (BA.1, BA.2) outbreak.

Methods

A retrospective observational study was performed for all virtual ward patients admitted from 1st January 2022 to 25th March 2022 (over 16 years old). Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory data was reviewed on all patients who required hospital admission.

Results

A total of 7021 patients were cared for on the virtual ward over the study period with 473 referred to hospital for assessment. Twenty‐six (0.4%) patients were admitted to hospital during their care on the ward. Twenty‐two (84.6%) admissions were COVID‐19 related. Fifty three percent of the hospitalised patients were fully vaccinated and 11 had received prior therapeutics for COVID‐19. Shortness of breath was the most common reason for escalation to hospital. Chest pain was the second most common reason and the most common diagnosis after investigation was non‐cardiac chest pain.

Conclusions

Few patients required admission from the virtual ward in the setting of the Omicron variant (BA.1, BA.2) as a direct result of COVID‐19 disease and virtual ward care. Shortness of breath and chest pain were the most common symptoms driving further clinical care.
Retention in nursing education and scholarship programs: Survival analysis of the Veterans Health Administration National Nursing Education Initiative Data
Authors: Toyinbo Peter , Rugs Deborah , Nedd Nicole , Wang Xinping , Hall Kimberly S. , Hyacinthe Martin , Cowan Linda
Published: March 2023

Aims

To investigate factors affecting non‐completion by registered nurses (RNs) participating in degree programs supported by the scholarship program of the National Nursing Education Initiative of the United States Veterans Health Administration. Secondarily, to assess overall retention in the scholarship program over time.

Design

Retrospective longitudinal design using administrative data.

Methods

Defining retention time as the time elapsed from enrollment date to non‐completion, we performed survival (retention) analysis (i.e.,Kaplan–Meier survival functions, log‐rank tests and Cox regressions) to retrospectively analyzea national sample of RNs (N  = 15,908) enrolled in the scholarship program between the United States federal fiscal years 2000 and 2020.

Results

Nurses' mean age was 44 years (range: 19–71), and 86% were females. Six‐ and 12‐month cumulative educational program retention rates were 92% and 84% respectively. The newest group of enrollees (2016–2020), younger nurses (<50 years), and nurses in traditional degree programtype were more likely to complete their academic programs than the earlier groups, older nurses and nurses in non‐traditional type, respectively. Male nurses who aspired to advanced occupational levels upon completion were more likely to complete their academic programs compared to those who expected no change from their current level of practice.

Conclusion

Multiple factors affected non‐completion of academic degree programs by RNs enrolled in the scholarship program. More work is needed to examine these plus additional plausible factors and their correlates extensively.

Impact

Our findings highlighted areas for quality improvement in employee scholarship programs for RNs. The findings are expected to inform tailoring of proactive helpful intervention towards individual needs and prioritization of limited resources to maximize graduation rate from academic programs for scholarship recipients. The study will have impact on nursing workforce policy makers interested in implementing employee scholarship programs, and on their scholarship recipients.
Online prelicensure nursing students' experiences of academic incivility during COVID‐19: A qualitative inquiry
Authors: Wilson Sharon T. , Urban Regina W. , Smith Jessica G.
Published: March 2023

Aim

The aim of this study was to describe online prelicensure nursing students' experiences of incivility during COVID‐19.

Design

Qualitative descriptive. Five optional open‐ended questions were presented to nursing students to share their experiences with incivility during the pandemic.

Methods

Data were collected from September to October 2020 as a part of a larger multimethod study on stress, resilience and incivility with nursing students and faculty (n = 710) from a large public undergraduate nursing programme in the southwestern United States. Out of the initial 675 students who completed the survey, 260 individuals responded to three or more of the open‐ended questions which were reviewed and coded using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

Thirteen themes were organized into four analytical categories: (1) experiencing incivility, (2) causes and consequences of incivility, (3) the pandemic and academic incivility and (4) promoting civility in the academic setting.

Conclusions

Prelicensure nursing students perceived unrealistic expectations, a lack of awareness and miscommunication hindered academic performance, as well as, created feelings of stress, discouragement and inadequacy.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

Fostering academic civility during virtual educational experiences may require training in proper coping strategies when challenged with incivility.

Impact

As the body of research emerges concerning the effects of COVID‐19 and undergraduate nursing education, understanding prelicensure students' experiences of academic incivility could prove to be beneficial to designing strategies co‐created with students to promote positive educational outcomes. Understanding students' viewpoints of uncivil experiences revealed prioritizing civility awareness is essential in creating healthy academic environments, improving clinical performance and providing safe patient care.

Reporting Method

The COREQ (COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research) checklist was used.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
A range‐wide postglacial history of Swiss stone pine based on molecular markers and palaeoecological evidence
Authors: Gugerli Felix , Brodbeck Sabine , Lendvay Bertalan , Dauphin Benjamin , Bagnoli Francesca , van der Knaap Willem O. , Tinner Willy , Höhn Maria , Vendramin Giovanni G. , Morales‐Molino César , Schwörer Christoph
Published: March 2023

Aim

Knowing a species' response to historical climate shifts helps understanding its perspectives under global warming. We infer the hitherto unresolved postglacial history of Pinus cembra. Using independent evidence from genetic structure and demographic inference of extant populations, and from palaeoecological findings, we derive putative refugia and re‐colonisation routes.

Location

European Alps and Carpathians.

Taxa

Pinus cembra.

Methods

We genotyped nuclear and chloroplast microsatellite markers in nearly 3000 individuals from 147 locations across the entire natural range of P. cembra. Spatial genetic structure (Bayesian modelling) and demographic history (approximate Bayesian computation) were combined with palaeobotanical records (pollen, macrofossils) to infer putative refugial areas during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and re‐colonisation of the current range.

Results

We found distinct spatial genetic structure, despite low genetic differentiation even between the two disjunct mountain ranges. Nuclear markers revealed five genetic clusters aligned East–West across the range, while chloroplast haplotype distribution suggested nine clusters. Spatially congruent separation at both marker types highlighted two main genetic lineages in the East and West of the range. Demographic inference supported early separation of these lineages dating back to a previous interstadial or interglacial c. 210,000 years ago. Differentiation into five biologically meaningful genetic clusters likely established during postglacial re‐colonisation.

Main Conclusions

Combining genetic and palaeoecological evidence suggests that P. cembra primarily survived the LGM in ‘cold period’ refugia south of the Central European Alps and near the Carpathians, from where it expanded during the Late Glacial into its current Holocene ‘warm period’ refugia. This colonisation history has led to the distinct East–West structure of five genetic clusters. The two main genetic lineages likely derived from ancient divergence during an interglacial or interstadial. The respective contact zone (Brenner line) matches a main biogeographical break in the European Alps also found in herbaceous alpine plant species.
Barrier function‐related genes and proteins have an altered expression in acne‐involved skin
Authors: Dull Katalin , Lénárt Kinga , Dajnoki Zsolt , Póliska Szilárd , Uchiyama Eri , Hendrik Zoltán , Szegedi Andrea , Törőcsik Dániel
Published: March 2023

Background

Acne vulgaris provides a unique disease setting in which a prominent skin inflammation is coupled with the overproduction of lipid‐rich sebum.

Objectives

Our goal was to evaluate the expression of barrier molecules in papular acne skin samples obtained from untreated patients and compare those to the results of healthy and of papulopustular rosacea‐involved ones at the mRNA and protein levels. In addition, we aimed to assess the effects of various sebum composing lipids on the expression of proteins involved in barrier formation in keratinocytes.

Methods

Available microarray data sets of papular acne and papulopustular rosacea‐affected skin samples were re‐analysed with a focus on epidermal barrier‐related pathways. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect barrier molecules in the interfollicular regions of human acne and healthy skin samples. Protein levels of barrier‐related genes were measured by western blot in samples of HaCaT keratinocytes treated with selected lipids.

Results

Meta‐analysis of whole transcriptome data sets revealed that barrier‐related pathways are significantly affected in acne vulgaris skin samples. While an altered expression of key molecules in maintaining barrier functions such as filaggrin, keratin 1, involucrin, desmoglein 1, kallikrein 5 and 7, was also observed at the protein levels, our data demonstrated that sebum composing lipids may selectively modify the levels of epidermal barrier‐related molecules.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that although not as prominently as in the dry papulopustular rosacea skin, the epidermal barrier in the interfollicular region may be damaged also in the lipid‐rich skin samples of papular acne. Furthermore, our findings indicating diverse regulatory effects of various sebum lipids on the expression of barrier molecules in keratinocytes suggest, that they may influence the moisturization of the skin as well. Altogether, our findings could have implications in the development of sebum‐modulating anti‐acne therapies and even in the care of symptom‐free skin.
Institutional investors' corporate site visits and aggressive financial reporting
Authors: Cui Xin , Liao Jing , Wang Lu
Published: March 2023

This paper investigates the impact of institutional investors' corporate site visits on financial reporting aggressiveness. While prior research has shed light on the monitoring impact of institutional shareholding on firms' financial reporting practices, institutional investors' preference regarding financial reporting remains unclear. Using a sample of Chinese firms listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange from 2012 to 2019, we find that institutional investors' on‐site visits significantly increase financial reporting aggressiveness of hosting firms. The on‐site visit effect is more salient in firms that are more sensitive to the influence of institutional investors, for example, firms with a less powerful chief executive officer, financially constrained firms, and firms operating in competitive industries. Our study highlights that under a setting of weak minority shareholder protection such as in China, managers are likely to recognize revenue aggressively to please powerful shareholders who paid intensive attention to them.
Competitive Effects of IPOs: Evidence from Chinese Listing Suspensions
Authors: PACKER FRANK , SPIEGEL MARK M.
Published: March 2023

Theory suggests that initial public offerings (IPOs) can adversely impact listed firms, both directly by increasing intraindustry competition, and indirectly by completing related asset market spaces. However, the endogeneity of individual IPO activity hinders testing these channels. This paper examines listing suspensions in China in a panel specification that accounts for macro‐economic and financial conditions, isolating the firm‐level IPO impact. We identify the competitive impact of listing suspensions through the value share of postponed firms in the IPO queue in their industry, and asset‐space competition by firms' historical covariance with a synthetic portfolio of listed firms with the IPO queue industry mix at the time of suspension. Our results support the predicted IPO effects through both channels. We also document heterogeneity in IPO effects. Stronger firms, measured through a variety of proxies, benefit less from the suspension news. These results are robust to a battery of sensitivity tests.
Measurement properties of quality‐of‐life outcome measures for children and adults with eczema: A systematic review update 2.0
Authors: Gabes Michaela , Donhauser Theresa , Piontek Katharina , Kann Gesina , Fechtner Marie , Gulde Isabell , Knüttel Helge , Apfelbacher Christian ,   for the quality of life working group of the Harmonising Outcome Measures for Eczema (HOME) initiative
Published: March 2023

A systematic review on measurement properties of patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) for the assessment of quality of life (QoL) in children and adults with eczema was published in 2016 and updated in 2019. We now aimed to systematically assess the measurement properties of PROMs based on recently published development and validation studies regarding quality‐of‐life skin‐ or disease‐specific PROMs using the COnsensus‐based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) guidelines and integrate these findings with those from the 2019 update. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and Embase. Eligible studies reported on measurement properties of QoL skin‐ or disease‐specific PROMs for the assessment of QoL in children and adults with eczema. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist. The methodological quality of the included PROMs was judged using updated criteria for good measurement properties, and the quality of evidence was graded. The new evidence was integrated into the results from the 2019 update. Finally, a recommendation for use of the identified PROMs was derived based on all evidence. We identified 12 studies fulfilling our inclusion criteria. Based on the newly generated evidence, the Childhood Atopic Dermatitis Impact Scale—short form (CADIS‐SF) for infants and the Skindex for adults can be recommended for use. We identified three new PROMs, which have the potential to be used, but require further validation: the Pediatric Allergic Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (PADQLQ), the Skindex‐Mini, and the Scratch Intensity and Impact Scale (SIIS). All other assessed PROMs still have the opportunity to be recommended for use (except for the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI)) but need further validation. Currently, two PROMs for the assessment of QoL in eczema can be recommended for use: the CADIS‐SF for infants and the Skindex for adults. Many PROMs, including the recently developed and/or validated PROMs PADQLQ, Skindex‐Mini and SIIS, need further validation.