bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The protective effects of Bacillus licheniformis against inflammatory responses and intestinal barrier damage in broilers with necrotic enteritis induced by Clostridium perfringens
Authors: Zhang Ruiqiang , Qin Songke , Yang Caimei , Niu Yu , Feng Jie
Published: June 2023

Background

Bacillus licheniformis is a gram‐positive bacterium that has strong environmental adaptability and can improve the growth performance, immunity, and antioxidant function of broilers. The current study aimed to elucidate the protective capability of B. licheniformis against inflammatory responses and intestinal barrier damage in broilers with necrotic enteritis (NE) induced by Clostridium perfringens (CP).

Results

The results showed that B. licheniformis enhanced the final body weight in broilers compared with that of broilers in the CP group after the stress of infection (P < 0.05). Bacillus licheniformis reversed the decreased levels of serum and jejunum mucosa immunoglobulins and anti‐inflammatory cytokines, reduced the values of villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth, and mitigated the increased levels of serum d‐lactic acid and diamine oxidase in CP‐challenged broilers (P < 0.05). Moreover, B. licheniformis modulated the expression levels of genes involved in the TLR4/NF‐κB signalling pathway, the NLRP3 inflammasome activation pathway, and the sirt 1/Parkin signalling pathway in CP‐challenged broilers. Compared with the CP challenge group, the B. licheniformis‐treated group exhibited reduced abundance values of Shuttleworthia and Alistipes and enhanced abundance values of Parabacteroides in the caecal contents (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Bacillus licheniformis improved the final body weight and alleviated the inflammatory response and intestinal barrier function damage in birds with NE induced by CP by maintaining intestinal physiological function, enhancing immunity, regulating inflammatory cytokine secretion, modulating the mitophagy response, and increasing the abundance of beneficial intestinal flora. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
HO2•$_{2}^{\bullet }$+O3 → OH•+2O2 reaction: A potential source of vibrationally hot OH radicals in the atmosphere
Authors: Rai Philips Kumar , Kumar Pradeep
Published: June 2023

In the present work, using on‐the‐fly classical trajectory calculations along with quantum chemical computation, we have shown that HO+O3→ OH•+2O2 reaction can be a potential source of the vibrationally excited OH radical. The investigation suggests that OH radical will be majorly produced in ν=1 and ν=2 states. We have also shown that the vibrationally hot OH radical is key in interpreting the observed branching fraction of 16OH• in the gas phase experiment of Nelson and Zahniser (J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 2101–2104). Lastly, we have discussed the atmospheric implications of title reaction by comparing it with other chemical reactions known to produce hot OH radical in the atmosphere.
Changes in reported levels of depression and anxiety among rural and urban populations during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Danek Robin , Taylor Heather , Ellis Hilts Katy
Published: June 2023

The COVID‐19 pandemic has affected nearly everyone, however experiences and perceptions of COVID have been different across rural and urban areas in the United States, including effects on mental health. The purpose of the current study is to examine changes in levels of reported anxiety and depression within rural and urban populations before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United States. Using the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), we used a repeated cross‐sectional study design including adults (age 18 or older) who were sampled in 2019 and 2020. We examined the relationship between worsening mental health outcomes (depression and anxiety) and rurality, controlling for individual's demographic and health‐related measures. Individuals living in an urban area were more likely to report worsening anxiety (28.8% vs. 23.0% p < 0.001) and use of mental health services (10.4% vs. 8.1% p = 0.054) in the previous 12 months than their rural counterparts. No significant differences were detected in the likelihood of reporting worsening depression, when comparing those living in rural versus urban areas. We found that individuals living in urban areas were more likely to report worsening anxiety than those living in rural areas during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Urban areas were affected earlier and more severely as early epicenters of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United States, which may have contributed to worsening anxiety among these populations as compared to rural populations. Additionally, our findings may reflect urban and rural population differences in the perception and/or enforcement of COVID‐19 policies such as lockdown and social distancing policies.
A host E3 ubiquitin ligase regulates Salmonella virulence by targeting an SPI‐2 effector involved in SIF biogenesis
Authors: Meng Kun , Yang Jin , Xue Juan , Lv Jun , Zhu Ping , Shi Liuliu , Li Shan
Published: June 2023

Salmonella Typhimurium creates an intracellular niche for its replication by utilizing a large cohort of effectors, including several that function to interfere with host ubiquitin signaling. Although the mechanism of action of many such effectors has been elucidated, how the interplay between the host ubiquitin network and bacterial virulence factors dictates the outcome of infection largely remains undefined. In this study, we found that the SPI‐2 effector SseK3 inhibits SNARE pairing to promote the formation of a Salmonella‐induced filament by Arg‐GlcNAcylation of SNARE proteins, including SNAP25, VAMP8, and Syntaxin. Further study reveals that host cells counteract the activity of SseK3 by inducing the expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM32, which catalyzes K48‐linked ubiquitination on SseK3 and targets its membrane‐associated portion for degradation. Hence, TRIM32 antagonizes SNAP25 Arg‐GlcNAcylation induced by SseK3 to restrict Salmonella‐induced filament biogenesis and Salmonella replication. Our study reveals a mechanism by which host cells inhibit bacterial replication by eliminating specific virulence factors.
Dynamics of the (2+1)$$ \left(2+1\right) $$‐dimensional coupled cubic–quintic complex Ginzburg–Landau model for convecting binary fluid: Analytical investigations and multiple‐soliton solutions
Authors: Selima Ehab S. , Abu‐Nab Ahmed K. , Morad Adel M.
Published: June 2023

The
‐dimensional coupled cubic–quintic complex Ginzburg–Landau equations (
‐DCC‐QCGLEs) can simulate a variety of binary fluid thermal convection characteristics, containing complex parameters. The analysis of pattern formation in chaotic and nonlinear dynamical systems can benefit greatly from the use of this thermal convection model. The primary goal of this study is to find analytical solutions for some recent advances that have been made for Rayleigh–Bénard convection by applying the
‐DCC‐QCGLEs model for slowly varying spatio‐temporal amplitudes of the wave motion. In addition, novel traveling solitary wave solutions for the model equation are derived using a very useful method to investigate how complex physical coefficients affect the profiles of propagating waves. Furthermore, we introduce the WTC‐Kruskal algorithm of the Painlevé methodology to examine the integrability of the
‐DCC‐QCGLEs and the truncated Painlevé expansion is used to extract the Bäcklund transform, from which new solitary solutions can be acquired. The results also demonstrated a good agreement with previous works and were more significant and accurate in two and three dimensions of the proposed model. Finally, the computational results indicate that the effects of the physical parameters of the considered equations can be demonstrated by utilizing 2D and 3D graphics for different values of these parameters.
A GIS framework for prediction of basin‐wide post‐failure geometry of confined subaqueous landslides
Authors: Klein Boaz , Leuch Corina , Puzrin Alexander M.
Published: June 2023

Stability analysis of submarine and sub‐lacustrine slopes requires special attention to the strain‐softening nature of clay‐rich sediments. Utilizing the often‐used infinite slope assumption using the peak strength is inadequate for the task at hand as the well‐known limit equilibrium method may provide non‐conservative estimate of marine slopes’ stability. In this paper, a GIS based framework is developed to account for a more suitable shear band propagation slope‐failure criterion for basin‐wide stability calculations. After determining the slab failure prone areas, the framework employs analytical criterion for retrogressive failure above the slab and depth‐integrated finite element method for calculating the size of confined slides at the toe. This allows predicting the landslide's post‐failure configuration and the overall landslide coverage zone. The framework is first benchmarked to prove its competence and then applied to the well documented Zinnen Slide and the southeastern banks of the Küssnacht Basin, Lake Lucerne, Switzerland. The results of the application show good agreement with the observed basin geomorphology.
Exact solution approaches for the discrete α‐neighbor p‐center problem
Authors: Gaar Elisabeth , Sinnl Markus
Published: June 2023

The discrete ‐neighbor ‐center problem (d‐‐CP) is an emerging variant of the classical ‐center problem which recently got attention in literature. In this problem, we are given a discrete set of points and we need to locate facilities on these points in such a way that the maximum distance between each point where no facility is located and its ‐closest facility is minimized. The only existing algorithms in literature for solving the d‐‐CP are approximation algorithms and two recently proposed heuristics. In this work, we present two integer programming formulations for the d‐‐CP, together with lifting of inequalities, valid inequalities, inequalities that do not change the optimal objective function value and variable fixing procedures. We provide theoretical results on the strength of the formulations and convergence results for the lower bounds obtained after applying the lifting procedures or the variable fixing procedures in an iterative fashion. Based on our formulations and theoretical results, we develop branch‐and‐cut (B&C ) algorithms, which are further enhanced with a starting heuristic and a primal heuristic. We evaluate the effectiveness of our B&C algorithms using instances from literature. Our algorithms are able to solve 116 out of 194 instances from literature to proven optimality, with a runtime of under a minute for most of them. By doing so, we also provide improved solution values for 116 instances.
Gαi‐coupled GPR41 activation increases Ca2+ influx in C2C12 cells and shows a therapeutic effect in diabetic animals
Authors: Lee Do‐Hyung , Heo Kyung‐Sun , Myung Chang‐Seon
Published: June 2023

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the possible mechanisms by which orphan G protein‐coupled receptor GPR41 activation enhances glucose uptake into C2C12 myotubes using a GPR41‐selective agonist, AR420626, and to examine the ability of this agent to improve insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis in vivo.

Methods

Basal and insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake and glucose transporter 4 translocations were measured in C2C12 myotubes. Ca2+ influx into cells was measured and GPR41‐mediated signaling by AR420626 was examined. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed, and plasma insulin levels were measured in streptozotocin‐treated or high‐fat diet‐fed diabetic mice. The glycogen content was measured in skeletal muscle tissue.

Results

AR420626 increased basal and insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake, which was reduced by pertussis toxin, an inhibitor of Gαi‐mediated signaling, and treatment with small interfering RNA for GPR41 (siGPR41). AR420626 increased intracellular Ca2+ influx and phosphorylated Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase type II, cyclic AMP‐responsive element‐binding protein, and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38) in C2C12 myotubes, which were inhibited by treating with pertussis toxin, amlodipine (Ca2+ channel blocker), and siGPR41. AR420626 increased plasma insulin levels and skeletal muscle glycogen content and improved glucose tolerance in streptozotocin‐ and high‐fat diet‐induced diabetic mouse models.

Conclusions

GPR41 activation with AR420626 increased glucose uptake mediated by Ca2+ signaling via GPR41, improving diabetes mellitus.

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Curcumin‐loaded nanoparticle based on poloxamer188 for glioma treatment: Synthesis, characterization and in vitro evaluation
Authors: Hou Xueyan , Xu Jingjing , He Sisi , Bai Jintao , Guan Yalin , Pan Xiaofei , Yang Jiake , Zhang Nan , Yang Shang , Hu Jie , Yang Xue
Published: June 2023

Glioma is the most common primary cancer of central nervous system due to its rapid proliferation and high lethality. In this study, a novel poloxamer188‐based drug delivery system, poloxamer188‐poly(1,4,8‐trioxaspiro[4.6]undecan‐9‐one)‐poly(1,3‐dioxan‐2‐one) nanoparticles (P188TT NPs) were developed. The 1H NMR, Raman and FITC spectra demonstrated that P188TT copolymer was successfully synthesized. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) measurement showed that P188TT NPs had a low CMC. The characterization and bio‐safety assessment verified that P188TT NPs had the appropriate size, zeta potential, good stability, and ideal bio‐safety. In addition, the curcumin‐loaded P188TT NPs (Cur/P188TT NPs) were fabricated and then analyzed by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermalgravimetric analysis (TGA). The in vitro release study displayed that the release rate of Cur from Cur/P188TT NPs in pH 6.8 was appreciably faster than that in pH 7.4. The tissue distribution study showed that these NPs had good brain‐targeting efficiency. The cellular uptake assay suggested that P188TT NPs could promote the uptake of Cur in glioma cells. The MTT tests indicated that P188TT NPs could increase the anti‐tumor activity of encapsulated drugs. Therefore, P188TT NPs showed potential as a brain targeting nano‐carrier for glioma therapy, which required further validation in glioma models in vivo.
Structure and mechanical properties of natural rubber vulcanized with various zinc oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Kim Bunsreyneang , Boonkerd Kanoktip , Kawahara Seiichi
Published: June 2023

Effect of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles on vulcanization mechanism of natural rubber and crosslinking structure of its vulcanizate was investigated by rubber‐state NMR spectroscopy. Natural rubber was compounded with various ZnO nanoparticles (c‐ZnO, NC105, NC205, NC23, NC234(STA), and AZ12N), stearic acid, N‐tert‐butyl‐2‐benzothiazole sulfonamide (TBBS), N‐(1,3‐dimethylbutyl)‐N′‐phenylenediamine (6PPD), and sulfur. Vulcanization of the compounded natural rubber was analyzed with a moving die rheometer. The resulting natural rubber vulcanizates were characterized by swelling method, rubber‐state NMR spectroscopy, and tensile test. The rubber‐state NMR measurements revealed that natural rubber was efficiently vulcanized with NC205 and AZ12N but not with c‐ZnO, NC234, and NC234(STA). A relationship between the structure of vulcanized natural rubber and surface activity, surface structure, and particle size of the ZnO nanoparticles was investigated in this study. The mechanical properties of vulcanized natural rubber were found to depend on not only strain‐induced crystallization but also amount of effective CS linkages.
Twin‐twin transfusion syndrome recipient with arterial calcification and heterozygous variant in ABCC6: Evidence of a gene‐environment interaction?
Authors: Springman Andrea , Forde Braxton , Tolusso Leandra , DeFranco Emily , Swarr Daniel T. , Wright E. Deah , Habli Mounira
Published: June 2023

We report a case of a twin‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) recipient who, after successful fetoscopic surgery, developed a large pericardial effusion and calcifications of the aorta and main pulmonary artery. The donor fetus never had cardiac strain and never developed cardiac calcifications. A heterozygous likely pathogenic variant in ABCC6 (c.2018T > C, p.Leu673Pro) was identified in the recipient twin. While TTTS recipient twins are at risk of arterial calcifications and right heart failure secondary to the disease, calcifications of the great vessels are also observed in generalized arterial calcification of infancy, a Mendelian genetic disorder with associated biallelic pathogenic variations in ABCC6 or ENPP1, which can result in significant pediatric morbidity or mortality. The recipient twin in this case had some degree of cardiac strain prior to TTTS surgery; however, the progressive calcification of the aorta and pulmonary trunk occurred weeks after TTTS resolution. This case raises the possibility of a gene‐environment interaction and emphasizes the need for genetic evaluation in the setting of TTTS and calcifications.
Prevalent new user designs: A literature review of current implementation practice
Authors: Tazare John , Gibbons Daniel C. , Bokern Marleen , Williamson Elizabeth J. , Gillespie Iain A. , Cunnington Marianne , Logie John , Douglas Ian J.
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Prevalent new user (PNU) designs extend the active comparator new user design by allowing for the inclusion of initiators of the study drug who were previously on a comparator treatment. We performed a literature review summarising current practice.

Methods

PubMed was searched for studies applying the PNU design since its proposal in 2017. The review focused on three components. First, we extracted information on the overall study design, including the database used. We summarised information on implementation of the PNU design, including key decisions relating to exposure set definition and estimation of time‐conditional propensity scores. Finally, we reviewed the analysis strategy of the matched cohort.

Results

Nineteen studies met the criteria for inclusion. Most studies (73%) implemented the PNU design in electronic health record or registry databases, with the remaining using insurance claims databases. Of 15 studies including a class of prevalent users, 40% deviated from the original exposure set definition proposals in favour of a more complex definition. Four studies did not include prevalent new users but used other aspects of the PNU framework. Several studies lacked details on exposure set definition (n = 2), time‐conditional propensity score model (n = 2) or integration of complex analytical techniques, such as the high‐dimensional propensity score algorithm (n = 3).

Conclusion

PNU designs have been applied in a range of therapeutic and disease areas. However, to encourage more widespread use of this design and help shape best practice, there is a need for improved accessibility, specifically through the provision of analytical code alongside guidance to support implementation and transparent reporting.
Registration of ‘ARoma 22’, an aromatic long‐grain rice cultivar
Authors: Wisdom D. K. A. , De Guzman C. T. , Moldenhauer K. A. K.
Published: June 2023

The University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture's Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station released the cultivar ‘Aroma 22’ (Reg. no. CV‐157, PI 701903) in February 2022. ARoma 22 is a high‐yielding, mid‐season, jasmine‐type aromatic long‐grain rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar derived from the cross ‘Jazzman’//‘Drew’/PI 637517/3/‘Taggart’ made at the Rice Research and Extension Center, Stuttgart, AR, in 2012. ARoma 22 has a milling yield of 62/69 (% whole:% total), has an average plant height of 97 cm and reaches 50% heading at 90 days in Arkansas Rice Performance Trials. The aromatic line, ARoma 22, offers a jasmine‐type rice adapted to Arkansas growing conditions for rice producers who wish to serve the aromatic rice consumer market.
Global analysis of lysine acetylation in the brain cortex of K18‐hACE2 mice infected with SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Wang Qiaochu , Peng Wanjun , Yang Yehong , Wu Yue , Han Rong , Ding Tao , Zhang Xutong , Liu Jiangning , Liu Jiangfeng , Yang Juntao
Published: June 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has infected hundreds of millions of people all over the world and thus threatens human life. Clinical evidence shows that SARS‐CoV‐2 infection can cause several neurological consequences, but the existing antiviral drugs and vaccines have failed to stop its spread. Therefore, an understanding of the response to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection of hosts is vital to find a resultful therapy. Here, we employed a K18‐hACE2 mouse infection model and LC‐MS/MS to systematically evaluate the acetylomes of brain cortexes in the presence and absence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Using a label‐free strategy, 3829 lysine acetylation (Kac) sites in 1735 histone and nonhistone proteins were identified. Bioinformatics analyses indicated that SARS‐CoV‐2 infection might lead to neurological consequences via acetylation or deacetylation of important proteins. According to a previous study, we found 26 SARS‐CoV‐2 proteins interacted with 61 differentially expressed acetylated proteins with high confidence and identified one acetylated SARS‐CoV‐2 protein nucleocapsid phosphoprotein. We greatly expanded the known set of acetylated proteins and provide the first report of the brain cortex acetylome in this model and thus a theoretical basis for future research on the pathological mechanisms and therapies of neurological consequences after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
Changes in the herbicide sensitivity and competitive ability of Abutilon theophrasti over 28 years: Implications for hormesis and weed evolution
Authors: Ethridge Sandra R. , Chandra Saket , Locke Anna M. , Everman Wesley J. , Jordan David L. , Owen Micheal D.K. , Leon Ramon G.
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

The potential of weed species to respond to selection forces affecting the evolution of weedy traits such as competitive ability is poorly understood. This research characterized evolutionary growth changes in a single Abutilon theophrasti Medik. population comparing multiple generations collected from 1988 to 2016. A competition study was performed to understand changes in competitive ability, and a herbicide dose–response study was carried out to assess changes in sensitivity to acetolactate synthase‐inhibiting herbicides and glyphosate over time.

RESULTS

When grown in monoculture, A. theophrasti biomass production per plant increased steadily across year‐lines while leaf number decreased. In replacement experiments, A. theophrasti plants from newer year‐lines were more competitive and produced more biomass and leaf area than the oldest year‐line. No clear differences in sensitivity to imazamox were observed among year‐lines. However, starting in 1995, this A. theophrasti population exhibited a progressive increase in growth in response to a sublethal dose of glyphosate (52 g a.e. ha−1), with the 2009 and 2016 year‐lines having more than 50% higher biomass than the nontreated control.

CONCLUSION

This study demonstrates that weeds can rapidly evolve increased competitive ability. Furthermore, the results indicate the possibility of changes in glyphosate hormesis over time. These results highlight the importance of the role that rapid (i.e., subdecadal) evolution of growth traits might have on the sustainability of weed management strategies. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Bavachinin selectively modulates PPAR γ and maintains bone homeostasis in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Liu Jingwen , Li Xiaoye , Wang Hong , Ren Yan , Li Yiming , Guo Fujiang
Published: June 2023

Full peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) γ agonists, Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), effectively prevent the process of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), but their side effects have curtailed use in the clinic, including weight gain and bone loss. Here, we identified that a selective PPAR γ modulator, Bavachinin (BVC), isolated from the seeds of Psoralea Corylifolia L., could potently regulate bone homeostasis. MC3T3‐E1 pre‐osteoblast cells and C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells were assessed for osteogenic differentiation activities, and receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL)‐induced RAW 264.7 cells were assessed osteoclasts formation. Leptin receptor‐deficient mice and diet‐induced obesity mice were applied to evaluate the effect of BVC on bone homeostasis in vivo. Compared to full PPAR γ agonist rosiglitazone, BVC significantly increased the osteogenesis differentiation activities under normal and high glucose conditions in MC3T3‐E1 cells. Moreover, BVC could alleviate osteoclast differentiation in RANKL‐induced RAW 264.7 cells. In vivo, synthesized BVC prodrug (BN) has been applied to improve water solubility, increase the extent of oral absorption of BVC and prolong its residence time in blood circulation. BN could prevent weight gain, ameliorate lipid metabolism disorders, improve insulin sensitivity, and maintain bone mass and bone biomechanical properties. BVC, a unique PPAR γ selective modulator, could maintain bone homeostasis, and its prodrug (BN) exhibits insulin sensitizer activity while circumventing the side effects of the TZDs, including bone loss and undesirable weight gain.
Statistical inference for the two‐sample problem under likelihood ratio ordering, with application to the ROC curve estimation
Authors: Hu Dingding , Yuan Meng , Yu Tao , Li Pengfei
Published: June 2023

The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is a powerful statistical tool and has been widely applied in medical research. In the ROC curve estimation, a commonly used assumption is that larger the biomarker value, greater severity the disease. In this article, we mathematically interpret “greater severity of the disease” as “larger probability of being diseased.” This in turn is equivalent to assume the likelihood ratio ordering of the biomarker between the diseased and healthy individuals. With this assumption, we first propose a Bernstein polynomial method to model the distributions of both samples; we then estimate the distributions by the maximum empirical likelihood principle. The ROC curve estimate and the associated summary statistics are obtained subsequently. Theoretically, we establish the asymptotic consistency of our estimators. Via extensive numerical studies, we compare the performance of our method with competitive methods. The application of our method is illustrated by a real‐data example.
Direct Blood Cell Flow Imaging in Microvascular Networks
Authors: Kim Gyounghwan , Park Hyun‐Sang , Shin Paul , Eom Taeguk , Yoon Jin‐Hui , Jeong Yong , Oh Wang‐Yuhl
Published: June 2023

Blood flow dynamics in microvascular networks are intimately related to the health of tissues and organs. While numerous imaging modalities and techniques have been developed to assess blood flow dynamics for various applications, their utilization has been hampered by limited imaging speed and indirect quantification of blood flow dynamics. Here, direct blood cell flow imaging (DBFI) is demonstrated that provides visualization of individual motions of blood cells over a field of 0.71 mm × 1.42 mm with a time resolution of 0.69 ms (1450 frames s−1) without using any exogenous agents. DBFI enables precise dynamic analysis of blood cell flow velocities and fluxes in various vessels over a large field, from capillaries to arteries and veins, with unprecedented time resolution. Three exemplary applications of DBFI, quantification of blood flow dynamics of 3D vascular networks, analysis of heartbeat induced blood flow dynamics, and analysis of blood flow dynamics of neurovascular coupling, illustrate the potential of this new imaging technology.
Strategies for Improving the Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction of Carbon Nitride‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Chu Xueze , Sathish C.I. , Yang Jae‐Hun , Guan Xinwei , Zhang Xiangwei , Qiao Liang , Domen Kazunari , Wang Shaobin , Vinu Ajayan , Yi Jiabao
Published: June 2023

Due to the depletion of fossil fuels and their‐related environmental issues, sustainable, clean, and renewable energy is urgently needed to replace fossil fuel as the primary energy resource. Hydrogen is considered as one of the cleanest energies. Among the approaches to hydrogen production, photocatalysis is the most sustainable and renewable solar energy technique. Considering the low cost of fabrication, earth abundance, appropriate bandgap, and high performance, carbon nitride has attracted extensive attention as the catalyst for photocatalytic hydrogen production in the last two decades. In this review, the carbon nitride‐based photocatalytic hydrogen production system, including the catalytic mechanism and the strategies for improving the photocatalytic performance is discussed. According to the photocatalytic processes, the strengthened mechanism of carbon nitride‐based catalysts is particularly described in terms of boosting the excitation of electrons and holes, suppressing carriers recombination, and enhancing the utilization efficiency of photon‐excited electron–hole. Finally, the current trends related to the screening design of superior photocatalytic hydrogen production systems are outlined, and the development direction of carbon nitride for hydrogen production is clarified.
A Novel Process for Hot‐Galvanized Quenching and Partitioning Steel with Excellent Yield–Ductility Synergy by Prior Treatment
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhang Tianyu , Xu Yunbo , Wang Yuan , Hou Xiaoying
Published: June 2023

The present work is aimed at a process to obtain a hot‐galvanized quenching and partitioning (Q&P) steel with excellent yield–ductility synergy by prior treatment. For this purpose, the cold‐rolled sheets with ferrite–pearlite structure are applied to “quenching (Q),” “quenching and tempering (Q&T),” “quenching and austempering (QAT),” and “quenching and austempering followed by tempering (QAT&T)” before the continuous galvanizing line (CGL)‐compatible Q&P treatment. Compared with Q&P sample, Q + Q&P, Q&T + Q&P, QAT + Q&P, and QAT&T + Q&P samples can obtain more homogeneous filmy/lath retained austenite (RA) with an increased C concentration, which can provide the transformation‐induced plasticity (TRIP) effect and improve elongation significantly. The maximum austenite reverse transformation rates are obtained in Q&T and QAT&T samples because of the increased nucleation sites, such as grain boundaries and cementite particles. QAT&T + Q&P sample has the longest plateau region before break and obtains the attractive mechanical properties with a yield strength of 694 MPa, tensile strength of 927 MPa, total elongation of 31.3%, and product of strength and elongation above 29 GPa%.
Brandbemessung von Stahltragwerken mit der Finite‐Elemente‐Methode
Authors: Lequime Pascal
Published: June 2023

Brandschutztechnisch komplett ungeschützte Stahlkonstruktionen sind in der Baupraxis nicht etabliert. Insbesondere in Verbindung mit Verbunddecken lassen sich mit erweiterten Finite‐Elemente‐Modellen jedoch oft ungeschützte Stahlkonstruktionen realisieren. Falls durch die Bemessung kein Wegfall der Brandschutzmaßnahmen möglich ist, können diese optimiert werden, z. B. hinsichtlich der Schichtdicken von dämmschichtbildenden Brandschutzanstrichen. Analytische Methoden oder vereinfachte Verfahren resultieren in der Praxis meist in Konstruktionen mit eher konservativen Brandschutzmaßnahmen und vernachlässigen physikalische Phänomene wie z. B. die thermischen Dehnungen und Zwängungen. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird die Bemessung im Brandfall mit numerischen Methoden und dem Fokus auf die praktische Anwendung dargestellt. Zur Beurteilung werden Tragfähigkeitskriterien mithilfe des Spannungs‐Dehnungsverhaltens der Werkstoffe und der Schrauben angesetzt. Die praktische Anwendung von Finite‐Elemente‐Modellen wird anhand ausgewählter Beispiele mit Teilsystemen oder Einzelbauteilen gezeigt – sowohl mit dem Ziel des kompletten Verzichts auf Brandschutzmaßnahmen als auch einer Optimierung der Schichtdicken dämmschichtbildender Brandschutzanstriche.
Establishment of green graphite industry: Graphite from biomass and its various applications
Authors: Shi Ziyi , Wang Shule , Jin Yanghao , Zhao Lingfeng , Chen Shiwei , Yang Hanmin , Cui Yuxiao , Svanberg Rikard , Tang Chuchu , Jiang Jianchun , Yang Weihong , Jönsson Pär G. , Han Tong
Published: June 2023

Resource‐ and energy‐efficient biomass exploitation for green graphite production is one of the most effective strategies for satisfying graphite demand while minimizing energy consumption and carbon emissions. This study investigated green graphite production from biomass waste and its applications to establish a green graphite industry. Biomass pyrolysis and catalytic graphitization of biochar were studied first to produce green graphite. The optimized green graphite exhibited a reversible capacity of 264 mA h/g and 97% capacity retention over 100 cycles in a half‐cell. Green graphite electrodes with a resistivity lower than 5 μΩ m were fabricated by using organic fraction bio‐oil as a green binder. Other green graphite applications, including printing, conductive printing, pencils, and refractories, were also achieved. The overall process of graphite anode and electrode synthesis from biomass waste and short‐rotation energy crops was modeled. Approx. 95 kg of battery graphite or 109 kg of metallurgical graphite electrodes can be produced per ton of biomass with low primary energy consumption and carbon footprint. Prominently, the modeling result and life cycle assessment demonstrated that, for the production of battery graphite from biomass waste, net‐negative‐CO2 emissions (−0.57 kg CO2‐eq/kg graphite powders) with net‐negative‐primary energy consumption (−28.31 MJ/kg graphite powders) was achieved.
Comparison of clinical cure rates from footrot and contagious ovine digital dermatitis using zinc sulphate foot bathing and topical oxytetracycline: A randomised trial
Authors: Jackson Alana , Grove‐White Dai H. , Angell Joseph W. , Duncan Jennifer S.
Published: June 2023

Background

This study reports the clinical cure rates of topical oxytetracycline and 10% zinc sulphate foot bathing for treatment of interdigital dermatitis (ID), footrot (FR) and contagious ovine digital dermatitis (CODD) in lambs.

Methods

The study was a randomised controlled trial of 75 lambs. Group A (n = 38) was foot bathed daily for 5 days in 10% zinc sulphate for 15 minutes and group B was treated with daily topical oxytetracycline for 5 days. On days 0, 7, 14, 28 and 42, lambs were scored for locomotion and foot lesions were recorded.

Results

The initial cure rates for ID were 96.20% and 97.00%; for FR, 100% and 95%; and for CODD, 90.09% and 83.33% for zinc sulphate and oxytetracycline, respectively. By day 42, these had changed to 53.16% and 61% for ID; 47.82% and 70% for FR; and 100% and 83.33% for CODD. There were no significant differences in cure rates between the treatments for most time points.

Limitations

The sample size was small, and further studies in larger cohorts and different classes of sheep are required before the findings can be translated into recommendations for clinical practice.

Conclusion

Both treatments achieved cure rates that are comparable to reported cure rates using systemic antibiotics and could be an effective alternative.
Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies' perspectives on lead, alternative ammunition, and wildlife management
Authors: Mawdsley Jonathan , Johansen Paul
Published: June 2023

Between 1970 and 2010, the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (AFWA) approved 7 resolutions and one position statement related to lead, alternative ammunition, and wildlife management. The resolutions and statement address the following topics: transitioning from lead to nonlead shot for waterfowl hunting; addressing concerns relating to lead mobility at outdoor shooting ranges; and developing guiding principles for the future regulation of lead ammunition. We provide a brief overview of AFWA's committee structure and decision‐making processes, and also note the presence of ongoing discussions about lead ammunition in the AFWA Fish and Wildlife Health Committee and the AFWA Lead and Fish and Wildlife Health Working Group.
Exploring the utility, limitations, and possibilities of the leadership identity development (LID) model
Authors: Bitton Adrian L. , Devies Brittany , Hassell‐Goodman Sharrell , Shetty Rebecca , Owen Julie E.
Published: June 2023

The article summarizes a conversation with early career scholars who utilize the LID theory and model in their scholarship and practice. Authors offer thoughts as to which aspects of leader and leadership identity development remain most useful to leadership education and development, as well as ways this body of scholarship might also be incomplete and insufficient. They reflect on how leader and leadership identity development theorizing is related to identity, equity, and power. The article concludes with ideas about how the scholarship and practice of leadership identity development may evolve in the future for deeper leadership identity development.
Boosting Employability Through Fostering an Entrepreneurial Mindset: Critical Analysis of Employability and Entrepreneurship in EU Policy Documents
Authors: Laalo Hanna , Kinnari Heikki , Silvennoinen Heikki , Haltia Nina
Published: June 2023

In EU higher education policy, improving graduate employability is a central concern, setting guidelines and putting pressure not only on higher education institutions but also on individuals. In this chapter, the policy discourse on producing employable graduates is analysed by considering entrepreneurship education as a governing technology. The analysis illustrates how entrepreneurship education is represented as an empowering solution to maximise graduates’ employment and economic potential. Graduates are within the policy being governed by risk. While the goal of the policy appears to be producing empowered and employable graduates with a self-responsible entrepreneurial mindset, the policy might also set unintentional pressures and participate in generating a character of a ‘neurotic citizen’ who has a constant fear of losing control in life and dropping out from society.
Das Leibliche Selbst
Authors: Ekweariri Dominic Nnaemeka
Published: June 2023

In diesem Kapitel behandeln wir Richirs Phänomenologie des Selbst, die auf zwei Stufen aufbaut. Im ersten Schritt wendet sich Richir gegen all diejenigen Theorien des Selbst, die als „leiblose“ Ideale zusammengefasst werden können und die durch das Prisma einer metaphysischen Hyperbel (Heidegger, Levinas, Binswanger) denkbar sind. Im zweiten Schritt folgt Richir Husserl, um die transzendentale Geschichte des Selbst zu verteidigen. Hier wird das Konzept des Leibes unvermeidlich, wenn man alle Schwierigkeiten, Ambiguitäten und Rätsel der ersten Stufe, also des leiblosen Selbst, abbauen muss. Im Rahmen dieses zweiten Schrittes, in dem das Register des primordialen Leibes als Basis der Erfahrung und der Orientierung im Raum durch die Einfühlung (die Introjektion der transzendentalen Intersubjektivität) aktiviert wird, vertrete ich als erste These, dass das Selbst als Leib-Körper eine unmögliche Möglichkeit ist. Mit dieser Bezeichnung, die für ein Zeichen des Überschusses in der Erfahrung steht, argumentiere ich im Anschluss an Husserls physisch-psychische Einheit des Menschen, dass das Selbst aus der lückenhaften Einheit zwischen einem Nichtdarstellbaren und einem Darstellbaren, einer Unmöglichkeit und einer Möglichkeit besteht. Ich argumentiere, dass der Phantasieleib im Abstand zwischen der Unmöglichkeit und der Möglichkeit ein „Nichtgegebenes“ empfindet und so ein kommunikatives Verhältnis zwischen den Leibern ermöglicht. Weiter vertrete ich die zweite These, dass die oben genannte Unmöglichkeit im Hinblick auf das leibliche Selbst und die Möglichkeit im Hinblick auf das Körperding verstanden werden kann. Das leibliche Selbst bleibt für uns unmöglich, insofern es ein Träger des Sinns ist; jedoch ist es als Körperding erst innerhalb der Bedeutung (in einem Sprachsystem) möglich. Mit dem Begriff des Phantomleibs werden eine mögliche Täuschung des Selbst und eine Sinnlosigkeit behandelt. Nur so können alle von Richir erhobenen Vorwürfe von Richir gegen ein „ideales Selbst“ konsistent aufgehoben werden.
Versorgung von Menschen mit Seltenen Erkrankungen: Empfehlungen für eine gelungene intersektorale Zusammenarbeit
Authors: Inhestern Laura , Brandt Maja , Otto Ramona , Zybarth David , Härter Martin , Bergelt Corinna
Published: June 2023

Hintergrund

Seltene Erkrankungen (SE) sind häufig durch komplexe Beschwerdebilder charakterisiert und erfordern in der Regel im Diagnose- und Versorgungsverlauf die Zusammenarbeit von spezialisierten Zentren und Primärversorgenden. Reibungslose Schnittstellen mit geringem Informationsverlust und Kooperation stellen daher eine essenzielle Grundlage in der Versorgung dar. Das Projekt „Evaluation von Schnittstellenmanagementkonzepten bei Seltenen Erkrankungen“ (ESE-Best) verfolgte mittels verschiedener Erhebungsinstrumente das Ziel, Empfehlungen für die Gestaltung und Umsetzung von Schnittstellen in der Versorgung von Menschen mit Seltenen Erkrankungen zu entwickeln.

Methoden

Es wurden mittels quantitativer und qualitativer Befragungen die Perspektiven der Zentren für Seltene Erkrankungen (ZSE), der Primärversorgung und der Betroffenen (Patient:innen, Eltern) erfragt sowie 2 Expert:innen-Workshops durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse

Es wurden insgesamt 28 Empfehlungen in den folgenden 5 Bereichen formuliert: 1) Vernetzung zwischen Primärversorgung und Zentren für Seltene Erkrankungen (ZSE), 2) Schnittstellen innerhalb der ZSE, 3) Bekanntheit von Seltenen Erkrankungen, ZSE-Strukturen und Zuständigkeiten, 4) Schnittstellen zwischen ZSE und Patient:innen sowie 5) weiterführende Empfehlungen.

Diskussion

Die Empfehlungen sollen zukünftig zu einem funktionierenden Schnittstellenmanagement bei der Versorgung von Menschen mit Seltenen Erkrankungen beitragen. Da die Erfahrungswerte von Primärversorgenden, ZSE und Betroffenen in die Entwicklung der Empfehlungen eingeflossen sind, können die externe Validität und damit die Umsetzbarkeit im Alltag angenommen werden. Es ist zu bedenken, dass zeitliche und personelle Ressourcen sowie organisationale Strukturen die Schnittstellenarbeit im Einzelfall beeinflussen können. Die Empfehlungen können an örtliche Gegebenheiten adaptiert werden.
Unbounded Predicate Inner Product Functional Encryption from Pairings
Authors: Dowerah Uddipana , Dutta Subhranil , Mitrokotsa Aikaterini , Mukherjee Sayantan , Pal Tapas
Published: June 2023

Predicate inner product functional encryption (P-IPFE) is essentially attribute-based IPFE (AB-IPFE) which additionally hides attributes associated to ciphertexts. In a P-IPFE, a message $${\textbf {x}}$$
x
is encrypted under an attribute $${\textbf {w}}$$
w
and a secret key is generated for a pair $$({\textbf {y}}, {\textbf {v}})$$

(
y
,
v
)

such that recovery of $$\langle {{\textbf {x}}}, {{\textbf {y}}}\rangle $$

⟨
x
,
y
⟩

requires the vectors $${\textbf {w}}, {\textbf {v}}$$

w
,
v

to satisfy a linear relation. We call a P-IPFE unbounded if it can encrypt unbounded length attributes and message vectors. $$\bullet $$
∙
zero predicate IPFE. We construct the first unbounded zero predicate IPFE (UZP-IPFE) which recovers $$\langle {{\textbf {x}}}, {{\textbf {y}}}\rangle $$

⟨
x
,
y
⟩

if $$\langle {{\textbf {w}}}, {{\textbf {v}}}\rangle =0$$

⟨
w
,
v
⟩
=
0

. This construction is inspired by the unbounded IPFE of Tomida and Takashima (ASIACRYPT 2018) and the unbounded zero inner product encryption of Okamoto and Takashima (ASIACRYPT 2012). The UZP-IPFE stands secure against general attackers capable of decrypting the challenge ciphertext. Concretely, it provides full attribute-hiding security in the indistinguishability-based semi-adaptive model under the standard symmetric external Diffie–Hellman assumption. $$\bullet $$
∙
non-zero predicate IPFE. We present the first unbounded non-zero predicate IPFE (UNP-IPFE) that successfully recovers $$\langle {{\textbf {x}}}, {{\textbf {y}}}\rangle $$

⟨
x
,
y
⟩

if $$\langle {{\textbf {w}}}, {{\textbf {v}}}\rangle \ne 0$$

⟨
w
,
v
⟩
≠
0

. We generically transform an unbounded quadratic FE (UQFE) scheme to weak attribute-hiding UNP-IPFE in both public and secret key setting. Interestingly, our secret key simulation secure UNP-IPFE has succinct secret keys and is constructed from a novel succinct UQFE that we build in the random oracle model. We leave the problem of constructing a succinct public key UNP-IPFE or UQFE in the standard model as an important open problem.
Intersection theory on moduli of smooth complete intersections
Authors: Di Lorenzo Andrea
Published: June 2023

We provide a general method for computing rational Chow rings of moduli of smooth complete intersections. We specialize this result in different ways: to compute the integral Picard group of the associated stack; to obtain an explicit presentation of rational Chow rings of moduli of smooth complete intersections of codimension two; to prove old and new results on moduli of smooth curves of genus $$\le 5$$

≤
5

and polarized K3 surfaces of degree $$\le 8$$

≤
8

.
Synthesis of a novel isotopically labelled standard for quantification of γ-nonalactone in New Zealand Pinot noir via SIDA-SPE-GC–MS
Authors: Miller Gillean C. , Barker David , Pilkington Lisa I. , Deed Rebecca C.
Published: June 2023

γ-Nonalactone is a linear aliphatic lactone ubiquitous in wine, associated with coconut, sweet, and stone fruit aroma descriptors. Little research has been conducted looking at the importance of this compound to New Zealand (NZ) wine aroma. 2H213C2-γ-Nonalactone, a novel isotopologue of γ-nonalactone, was synthesised in this work for use in a stable isotope dilution assay (SIDA) for quantification of γ-nonalactone in NZ Pinot noir wines for the first time. Synthesis was carried out using heptaldehyde as the starting material, and 13C atoms and 2H atoms were introduced via Wittig olefination and deuterogenation steps, respectively. The suitability of this compound as an internal standard was demonstrated by spiking model wine at normal and elevated conditions during sample preparation, with subsequent analysis via mass spectrometry showing stability of 2H213C2-γ-nonalactone. A model wine calibration, with concentrations of γ-nonalactone from 0 to 100 µg L−1, was shown to have excellent linearity (R2 > 0.99), reproducibility (0.72%), and repeatability (0.38%). Twelve NZ Pinot noir wines, representative of a range of NZ Pinot noir–producing regions, prices, and vintages, were analysed by solid-phase extraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (SPE-GC–MS). The concentrations of γ-nonalactone ranged from 8.3 to 22.5 µg L−1, the latter of which was close to the odour detection threshold of this compound. These findings provide a basis for further research into γ-nonalactone and its impact on NZ Pinot noir aroma and provide a robust method for the quantification of this compound in Pinot noir.

Graphical abstract
Multifocal osteoclast-rich tumour in Paget bone disease and conventional giant cell tumour, two genetically distinct entities? Sequencing from a single case
Authors: Haefliger Simon , Bubbear Judith , Davies Christropher , Cottone Lucia , Amary Fernanda , Tirabosco Roberto , Cortes-Ciriano Isidro , O’Donnell Paul , Flanagan Adrienne M
Published: June 2023

Paget disease of bone is a metabolic disorder with a strong genetic component, characterised by pronounced disorganised bone remodelling. Complications of this disease include an increased risk of developing bone neoplasms. Here, we describe the case of a 60-year-old Italian patient with Paget disease of bone, presenting with an osteoclast-rich tumour. Our analysis of this entity, based on the clinical, morphological and genetic data (whole exome sequencing), suggests that osteoclast-rich lesions in Paget disease of bone are genetically distinct from classical giant cell tumour of bone. We discuss the importance of differentiating these osteoclast-rich lesions.