bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The return of long-lost Sumero-Akkadian heritage and modern disorders: rediscovering Gilgamesh, Victorian tension, and aftermath
Authors: Al-Hadi Abdullah Qasim Safi , Xiaoling Gao
Published: June 2024

Much has been said about the paradigms that generated and complexed the Victorian and post-Victorian tension, but surprisingly enough no sufficient attention was given to the role of the rediscovery of the Epic of Gilgamesh in this process. This paper first follows the actual origin, process, and importance of the rediscovery and reception of Gilgamesh since the second half of the nineteenth century. Second, the paper argues that Gilgamesh controversy has been central to the great multifaceted tension that defined the Victorian and post-Victorian periods. Finally, the paper attempts to answer the questions of why Gilgamesh has been deemed as a subject of great interest and importance for the modern literary and cultural scholars and general public and what aspects of themselves and their culture they recognized in the ancient Mesopotamian epic and its hero. Such discussions help increasing contemporary awareness of the more famous and more notable than all of cuneiform literatures, the Gilgamesh Epic, and lead therefore to raising awareness of the high richness of Ancient Near Eastern heritage and the crucial significance of preserving Sumer’s and Babylon’s legacy for future generations.
Three-dimensional hard X-ray ptychographic reflectometry imaging on extended mesoscopic surface structures
Authors: Myint Peco , Tripathi Ashish , Wojcik Michael J. , Deng Junjing , Cherukara Mathew J. , Schwarz Nicholas , Narayanan Suresh , Wang Jin , Chu Miaoqi , Jiang Zhang
Published: June 2024

Many nanodevices and quantum devices, with their sizes often spanning from millimeters down to sub-nanometer, have intricate low-dimensional, non-uniform, or hierarchical structures on surfaces and interfaces. Since their functionalities are dependent on these structures, high-resolution surface-sensitive characterization becomes imperative to gain a comprehensive understanding of the function–structure relationship. We thus developed hard x-ray ptychographic reflectometry imaging, a new technique that merges the high-resolution two-dimensional imaging capabilities of hard x-ray ptychography for extended objects, with the high-resolution depth profiling capabilities of x-ray reflectivity for layered structures. The synergy of these two methods fully leverages both amplitude and phase information from ptychography reconstruction to not only reveal surface topography and localized structures, such as shapes and electron densities, but also yields statistical details, such as interfacial roughness that is not readily accessible through coherent imaging solely. The hard x-ray ptychographic reflectometry imaging is well-suited for three-dimensional imaging of mesoscopic samples, particularly those comprising planar or layered nanostructures on opaque supports, and could also offer a high-resolution surface metrology and defect analysis on semiconductor devices, such as integrated nanocircuits and lithographic photomasks for microchip fabrications.
Best practices in measuring absorption at the macro- and microscale
Authors: Bowman A. R. , Ma J. , Kiani F. , García Martínez G. , Tagliabue G.
Published: June 2024

The fraction of light absorbed in a material is a key parameter for a wide range of optoelectronic and energy devices, including solar cells, light emitting diodes, and photo(electro)chemical devices. It can reveal detailed performance information and establish a material’s theoretical efficiency limits. However, measuring absorption accurately is challenging, especially due to scattering effects at the macroscale and achieving perpendicular illumination over a small area at the microscale. In this tutorial, we present concepts and best practices in measuring absorption at both the macro- and micro-scale. We also give examples of using absorption to reveal critical optoelectronic information in energy devices. This work aims at standardizing the recording of absorption measurements across a number of fields, allowing for improved microscale understanding of a wide range of samples.
Enhanced interlayer electron transfer by surface treatments in mixed-dimensional van der Waals semiconductor heterostructures
Authors: Odagawa Takeshi , Yamamoto Sota , Zhang Chaoliang , Koyama Kazuki , Ishihara Jun , Mariani Giacomo , Kunihashi Yoji , Sanada Haruki , Nitta Junsaku , Kohda Makoto
Published: June 2024

We investigate the excitonic species in WS2 monolayers transferred onto III–V semiconductor substrates with different surface treatments. When the III–V substrates were covered with amorphous native oxides, negatively charged excitons dominated the spectral weight in low-temperature near-resonance photoluminescence (PL) measurements. However, when the native oxides of the III–V substrates were reduced, neutral excitons began to dominate the spectral weight, indicating a reduction in the electron density in the WS2 monolayers. The removal of the native oxides enhanced the electron transfer from the WS2 monolayer to the III–V substrate. In addition, an additional shoulder-like PL feature appeared ∼50 meV below the emission of neutral excitons, which can be attributed to the emission of localized excitons. When the III–V substrate surface was passivated by sulfur after the reduction of the native oxides, neutral excitons still dominated the spectral weight. However, the low-energy PL shoulder disappeared again, suggesting the effective delocalization of excitons through substrate surface passivation. Surface engineering of the semiconductor substrates for two-dimensional (2D) materials can provide a novel approach to control the carrier density of the 2D materials, implement deterministic carrier localization or delocalization for the 2D materials, and facilitate the interlayer transfer of charge, spin, and valley currents. These findings open the avenue for novel device concepts and phenomena in mixed-dimensional semiconductor heterostructures.
The causal effect of mental health on labor market outcomes: The case of stress-related mental disorders following a human-made disaster
Authors: Andersen Signe Hald , Richmond-Rakerd Leah S. , Moffitt Terrie E. , Caspi Avshalom
Published: June 2024

As disasters increase due to climate change, population density, epidemics, and technology, information is needed about postdisaster consequences for people’s mental health and how stress-related mental disorders affect multiple spheres of life, including labor-market attachment. We tested the causal hypothesis that individuals who developed stress-related mental disorders as a consequence of their disaster exposure experienced subsequent weak labor-market attachment and poor work-related outcomes. We leveraged a natural experiment in an instrumental variables model, studying a 2004 fireworks factory explosion disaster that precipitated the onset of stress-related disorders (posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depression) among individuals in the local community (N = 86,726). We measured labor-market outcomes using longitudinal population-level administrative data: sick leave, unemployment benefits, early retirement pension, and income from wages from 2007 to 2010. We found that individuals who developed a stress-related disorder after the disaster were likely to go on sickness benefit, both in the short- and long-term, were likely to use unemployment benefits and to lose wage income in the long term. Stress-related disorders did not increase the likelihood of early retirement. The natural experiment design minimized the possibility that omitted confounders biased these effects of mental health on work outcomes. Addressing the mental health and employment needs of survivors after a traumatic experience may improve their labor-market outcomes and their nations’ economic outputs.
Nanoscale architecture of synaptic vesicles and scaffolding complexes revealed by cryo-electron tomography
Authors: Held Richard G. , Liang Jiahao , Brunger Axel T.
Published: June 2024

The spatial distribution of proteins and their arrangement within the cellular ultrastructure regulates the opening of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors in response to glutamate release at the synapse. Fluorescence microscopy imaging revealed that the postsynaptic density (PSD) and scaffolding proteins in the presynaptic active zone (AZ) align across the synapse to form a trans-synaptic “nanocolumn,” but the relation to synaptic vesicle release sites is uncertain. Here, we employ focused-ion beam (FIB) milling and cryoelectron tomography to image synapses under near-native conditions. Improved image contrast, enabled by FIB milling, allows simultaneous visualization of supramolecular nanoclusters within the AZ and PSD and synaptic vesicles. Surprisingly, membrane-proximal synaptic vesicles, which fuse to release glutamate, are not preferentially aligned with AZ or PSD nanoclusters. These synaptic vesicles are linked to the membrane by peripheral protein densities, often consistent in size and shape with Munc13, as well as globular densities bridging the synaptic vesicle and plasma membrane, consistent with prefusion complexes of SNAREs, synaptotagmins, and complexin. Monte Carlo simulations of synaptic transmission events using biorealistic models guided by our tomograms predict that clustering AMPARs within PSD nanoclusters increases the variability of the postsynaptic response but not its average amplitude. Together, our data support a model in which synaptic strength is tuned at the level of single vesicles by the spatial relationship between scaffolding nanoclusters and single synaptic vesicle fusion sites.
Structural dynamics at cytosolic interprotomer interfaces control gating of a mammalian TRPM5 channel
Authors: Karuppan Sebastian , Schrag Lynn Goss , Pastrano Caroline M. , Jara-Oseguera Andrés , Zubcevic Lejla
Published: June 2024

The transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) tetrameric cation channels are involved in a wide range of biological functions, from temperature sensing and taste transduction to regulation of cardiac function, inflammatory pain, and insulin secretion. The structurally conserved TRPM cytoplasmic domains make up >70 % of the total protein. To investigate the mechanism by which the TRPM cytoplasmic domains contribute to gating, we employed electrophysiology and cryo-EM to study TRPM5—a channel that primarily relies on activation via intracellular Ca2+. Here, we show that activation of mammalian TRPM5 channels is strongly altered by Ca2+-dependent desensitization. Structures of rat TRPM5 identify a series of conformational transitions triggered by Ca2+binding, whereby formation and dissolution of cytoplasmic interprotomer interfaces appear to control activation and desensitization of the channel. This study shows the importance of the cytoplasmic assembly in TRPM5 channel function and sets the stage for future investigations of other members of the TRPM family.
A typological approach to language change in contact situations
Authors: Sinnemäki Kaius , Di Garbo Francesca , Napoleão de Souza Ricardo , Ellison T. Mark
Published: June 2024

Language contact phenomena have increasingly been researched from different historical linguistic, sociolinguistic
and areal-typological perspectives. However, since most of this research is based on case studies, an assessment of contact
phenomena from a worldwide comparative perspective has been missing in the literature. In this article, we draw inspiration from
historical linguistics and language typology to present a new typological approach for evaluating evidence that given linguistic
domains have been affected by language contact. This method has three parts: (1) a new approach to sampling, (2) the analysis of
typological data, and (3) making probabilistic inferences about language contact. We argue that this is a parsimonious method for
evaluating contact effects that can serve as a starting point for the further development of typological approaches to language
contact.
Determining how many cells to average for statistical testing of microscopy experiments
Authors: Zweifach Adam
Published: June 2024

From a statistical standpoint, individual cells are typically not independent experimental replicates. To test for differences in mean, cells from each experimental sample can be averaged and each sample’s average treated as an n of 1. Here, I outline how to determine how many cells to average per sample.
Normal and Superconducting Properties of La3Ni2O7
Authors: Wang 王 Meng 猛 , Wen 闻 Hai-Hu 海虎 , Wu 吴 Tao 涛 , Yao 姚 Dao-Xin 道新 , Xiang 向 Tao 涛
Published: June 2024

This review provides a comprehensive overview of current research on the structural, electronic, and magnetic characteristics of the recently discovered high-temperature superconductor La3Ni2O7 under high pressures. We present the experimental results for synthesizing and characterizing this material, derived from measurements of transport, thermodynamics, and various spectroscopic techniques, and discuss their physical implications. We also explore theoretical models proposed to describe the electronic structures and superconducting pairing symmetry in La3Ni2O7, highlighting the intricate interplay between electronic correlations and magnetic interactions. Despite these advances, challenges remain in growing high-quality samples free of extrinsic phases and oxygen deficiencies and in developing reliable measurement tools for determining diamagnetism and other physical quantities under high pressures. Further investigations in these areas are essential to deepening our understanding of the physical properties of La3Ni2O7 and unlocking its superconducting pairing mechanism.
Nondipolar photoelectron angular distributions from fixed-in-space N2 molecules
Authors: Rezvan D V , Pier A , Grundmann S , Novikovskiy N M , Anders N , Kircher M , Melzer N , Trinter F , Schöffler M S , Jahnke T , Dörner R , Demekhin Ph V
Published: June 2024

We investigate experimentally and theoretically the N 1s photoionization of fixed-in-space N2 molecules at a photon energy of 880 eV. In our experiment, we employed circularly polarized synchrotron radiation for the photoionization and coincident electron and fragment-ion detection using cold target recoil ion momentum spectroscopy. The accompanying angle-resolved calculations were carried out by the multichannel single-center method and code within the frozen-core Hartree–Fock approximation. The computed emission distributions exhibit two distinct features along the molecular axis, which are the results of a superposition of the direct and nearest-neighbor scattering amplitudes for the photoemission from two nitrogen atoms. In the electric-dipole approximation, these peaks are symmetric with respect to both nitrogen atoms. Including nondipole (retardation) effects in the calculations results in a simultaneous increase and decrease of the scattering peaks towards the nitrogen atoms pointing in the forward and backward directions along the light propagation, respectively. These theoretical findings are in agreement with our experimental findings.
4D printing roadmap
Authors: Bodaghi Mahdi , Wang Linlin , Zhang Fenghua , Liu Yanju , Leng Jinsong , Xing Ruizhe , Dickey Michael D , Vanaei Saeedeh , Elahinia Mohammad , Hoa Suong Van , Zhang Danchen , Winands Katarina , Gries Thomas , Zaman Saqlain , Soleimanzadeh Hesam , Barši Palmić Tibor , Slavič Janko , Tadesse Yonas , Ji Qinglei , Zhao Chun , Feng Lei , Ahmed Kumkum , Islam Shiblee MD Nahin , Zeenat Lubna , Pati Falguni , Ionov Leonid , Chinnakorn Atchara , Nuansing Wiwat , Sousa A M , Henriques J , Piedade A P , Blasco Eva , Li Honggeng , Jian Bingcong , Ge Qi , Demoly Frédéric , Qi H Jerry , André Jean-Claude , Nafea Marwan , Fu Yun-Fei , Rolfe Bernard , Tao Ye , Wang Guanyun , Zolfagharian Ali
Published: June 2024

Four-dimensional (4D) printing is an advanced manufacturing technology that has rapidly emerged as a transformative tool with the capacity to reshape various research domains and industries. Distinguished by its integration of time as a dimension, 4D printing allows objects to dynamically respond to external stimuli, setting it apart from conventional 3D printing. This roadmap has been devised, by contributions of 44 active researchers in this field from 32 affiliations world-wide, to navigate the swiftly evolving landscape of 4D printing, consolidating recent advancements and making them accessible to experts across diverse fields, ranging from biomedicine to aerospace, textiles to electronics. The roadmap’s goal is to empower both experts and enthusiasts, facilitating the exploitation of 4D printing’s transformative potential to create intelligent, adaptive objects that are not only feasible but readily attainable. By addressing current and future challenges and proposing advancements in science and technology, it sets the stage for revolutionary progress in numerous industries, positioning 4D printing as a transformative tool for the future.
Late time acceleration in Bianchi type-V dark energy cosmological models with linear deceleration parameter
Authors: Singh Kangujam Priyokumar , Meitei Asem Jotin
Published: June 2024

We present a Bianchi type-V cosmological model with deceleration parameter as a simple linear function of the Hubble parameter interacting with a perfect fluid in the general theory of relativity. For Bianchi type-V space-time, the available solutions of Einstein field equations have been procure under the assumption of linear deceleration parameter, q = A + BH, where H is the Hubble parameter. Also,during the evolution of the Bianchi-V universe, dark energy(DE) with a variable EoS parameters has been studied in detail and w slowly varies around w = –0.33 for a 10 GYr. lapse, which involves an accelerated expansion, through an expansion not compatible with current. In this article, we discuss the physical and geometrical facets of the cosmological parameter of the model. Several elements of the model universe are explained by the jerk parameter and energy conditions, including the recent cosmological expansion and singularity theories. We also deliberated state-finder parameters, which forecast that the Universe created from Einstein’s static era rallies towards ΛCDM model (r = 1, s = 0).
RF, harmonic distortion and linearity analysis of core-shell junctionless-FET using NQS small signal model
Authors: Chattopadhyay Ankush
Published: June 2024

This paper deals with the performance analysis of Core-Shell (C-S) Junctionless (JL) FET structure in the RF domain application. The analysis begins with the non-quasi static (NQS) small signal model representation and from there the extraction of RF-parameters; and there after the harmonic distortions, linearity FOMs and Y-parameter are analyzed in detail. The device is investigated based on the variations of core/shell-thicknesses and shell-dopant concentrations. Y-parameters are evaluated from the NQS small signal model. In the RF domain analysis, the parameters such as,
C

gs

,
C

gd

,
R

gs

,
R

gd

,
f

T

and
τ

m

are assessed to determine its RF merits. Using the two-port equivalent model, the Y-parameters (
Y

11

, Y

12

, Y

21

, Y

22
) are evaluated and investigated. The second and third order harmonic distortions (
HD

2

, HD

3
) are calculated using IFM method and studied in detail. In addition to that, second, third harmonic intercept voltages (
VIP

2
,
VIP

3
) and third order intermodulation distortion (
IMD

3
) are also assessed for its linearity performances in domain specific applications. The proposed device is designed using the
Silvaco ATLAS TCAD
. The device is calibrated with the experimental data that shows a close match between the two. The proposed device is found to exhibit good linearity and very low harmonic distortion behavior by modulating the shell-doping and thickness.
Large-scale multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock calculations of atomic data, Landé gj
-factors and hyperfine constants of the neutral Rn-211 isotope
Authors: Salah Wa’el , Hassouneh Ola
Published: June 2024

We computed the atomic data of ns[K]J ( n = 7, 8, 9), np[K]J ( n = 7, 8, 9), nd[K]J ( n = 6, 7, 8, 9), and nf[K]J ( n = 5, 6, 7, 8) and 5g[K]J autoionized Rydberg spectra of the neutral radon-211 isotope. The computations are carried out by using the Multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock method (MCDHF) together with the relativistic configuration (RCI) approach. The convergence of the obtained results is monitored by incorporating relativistic electron-electron correlation, the Breit-interaction effect, self-energy, and vacuum-polarization corrections. As a result, we acquired the energy levels, transition rates, oscillator strengths, Landé

g

J

-factors and magnetic dipole hyperfine constants. The transition parameters between the levels belonging to different series are computed for all allowed electric dipole transition selection rules. The present results are in very good agreement with other experimental and theoretical data available in the literature database. The present data could be useful in predicting spectral lines of radon via astrophysics and stellar spectroscopy.
Effect of La2O3 on the optical, thermal, structural and radiation shielding properties of TeO2–ZnO–BaO glasses
Authors: Karthikeyan B , Manikandan N
Published: June 2024

Influence of lanthanum oxide (La2O3) on various properties of melt quenched zinc barium tellurite glasses (TeO2–BaO–ZnO) have been investigated. Lanthanum was limited to 10 mol% beyond which the glass formation ability was affected leading to crystallization in the proposed tie-line. Glass transition temperature improved with lanthanum oxide incorporation, while the density and energy band gap values showed a minimum at 5 mol%. The observed variation with lanthanum oxide doping was clearly elucidated from Raman spectral data, which indicated their influence in modifying the host ternary glass network. Radiation shielding parameter calculations showed a larger mass and linear attenuation coefficients for glasses doped with 10 mol% lanthanum oxide, indicating the influence of heavier oxides in improving the shielding properties and consequently acting as replacement candidate for toxic lead-based compounds.
Giant and nonreciprocal photonic spin Hall effect in asymmetric multilayered structure with bulk Dirac semimetal
Authors: Liu Wentao , Zhang Mengru , Yin Dekang , Da Haixia
Published: June 2024

The nonreciprocal photonic spin Hall effect features the different reflected or transmitted spin shifts along two opposite incident wave propagating directions. However, previous investigations have always focused on the features of the photonic spin Hall effect along one incident wave propagating direction. How to achieve the nonreciprocal photonic spin Hall effect remains obscure. Here, we theoretically study the nonreciprocal photonic spin Hall effect in the asymmetric multilayered structure containing the Bulk Dirac Semimetal and other dielectric materials. It is found that under the horizontal polarization the maximum reflected spin shift value along one direction is up to around

−
14.4

times of the incident wavelength at

70.88
°
,

but it is only

0.46

times of the incident wavelength at

73.2
°

along the other direction, which reflects the nonreciprocity of photonic spin Hall effect and thus can act as the photonic spin Hall diode. Such a sizeable directional difference between the reflected spin shifts along these two opposite directions originates from the fact that this structure loses its mirror symmetry and becomes an asymmetrical one, and the obvious difference in the values of the reflected spin shifts along the two directions can be attributed to the large difference in the values of

∣
r

s

/
r

p

∣
.

At the same time, we find that the Fermi energy of the Bulk Dirac Semimetal can effectively tune the spin shift along the backward direction, as well as the difference between the spin shifts for two different propagating directions, which causes the controllable nonreciprocal photonic spin Hall effect. Our results establish the alternative configuration for realizing the nonreciprocal photonic spin Hall effect, which facilitates the potential applications in the spin photonic devices.
Q-Map: quantum circuit implementation of boolean functions
Authors: Hajjdiab Hassan , Khalil Ashraf , Eleuch Hichem
Published: June 2024

Quantum computing has gained attention in recent years due to the significant progress in quantum computing technology. Today many companies like IBM, Google and Microsoft have developed quantum computers and simulators for research and commercial use. The development of quantum techniques and algorithms is essential to exploit the full power of quantum computers. In this paper we propose a simple visual technique (we call Q-Map) for quantum realization of classical Boolean logic circuits. The proposed method utilizes concepts from Boolean algebra to produce a quantum circuit with minimal number of quantum gates.
Collective excitation of quantum droplet with different ranges of the interaction of Pöschl-Teller potential
Authors: Banerjee Avra , Majumder Dwipesh
Published: June 2024

In this article, we studied quantum droplet with the Pöschl-Teller (PT) interaction potential between the Bose atoms. The Gross–Pitaevskii (GP) equation governs the system. The range and strength of the PT interaction can be adjusted. First, we studied the quantum droplet’s density variation for various PT interaction parameters by the imaginary-time split-step Crank-Nicolson (CN) method. We then used the Bogoliubov theory to examine the collective excitation spectra. We observed that sharp roton forms and phonon modes are missing during long-range interactions. There is a gap at the zero momentum zone due to the long-range PT interaction, which increases with the range and strength of the interaction.
Portfolio optimization based on quantum linear algorithm
Authors: Guo Zhengming , Song Tingting , Lin Ge
Published: June 2024

The rapid development of quantum computation has brought new possibilities to many fields. Especially in finance, quantum computing offers significant advantages. Recently, the portfolio optimization problem has been solved by a quantum algorithm with a mean-variance model with sparse data. However, the mean-variance model does not match the practice, and furthermore, the data is mostly dense. To fill the gap, we propose the Quantum-Enhanced Portfolio Optimization based on the mean-semi-variance model, where the mean-semi-variance model incorporates an optimized risk definition. The algorithm also effectively reduces the time complexity of solving high-dimensional linear systems and achieves sparsity independence.
Comparing optical deposition and drop casting for enhanced tunability in Q-switched fiber lasers using a biogenic AgNPs-CS saturable absorber
Authors: Zalkepali N U H H , Awang N A , Zamri A Z M , Mahmud N N H E N , Mun K L
Published: June 2024

This study presents the successful synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Camellia sinensis (CS) leaf extract as a biogenic saturable absorber (SA) for tunable Q-switched applications. The AgNPs-CS SA was fabricated through optical deposition and drop casting methods into a fiber ferrule. The nonlinear optical properties of AgNPs-CS as SA were investigated, revealing a modulation depth of 24.37% and a saturation intensity of 0.15 MW cm−2. Q-switching based on optical deposition exhibited a pump power of 213.40 mW, a 3-dB bandwidth of 3.20 nm, a pulse repetition rate of 78.74 kHz, and a pulse duration of 2.38 μs. Meanwhile, the drop casting method showed a 3-dB bandwidth of 2.0 nm, a pulse repetition rate of 53.05 kHz, and a pulse duration of 5.53 μs for the Q-switched pulse. Additionally, the tunability of wavelength in Q-switching using AgNPs-CS SA was investigated. The drop casting method achieved a tuning range of 32.00 nm, covering the S-band to C-band, while the optical deposition technique resulted in a tuning range of 54.20 nm, spanning from the C-band to L-band. Notably, this work represents the first utilization of AgNPs synthesized with leaf extract as a biogenic SA in the tunability of Q-switched lasers, employing two distinct fabrication techniques for the SA.
Loop corrections in the separate universe picture
Authors: Iacconi Laura , Mulryne David , Seery David
Published: June 2024

In inflationary models that produce a spike of power on short scales, back-reaction of
small-scale substructure onto large-scale modes is enhanced. Loop corrections that quantify this
back-reaction have been evaluated by a number of authors. We argue that the separate universe
framework provides a highly convenient tool for such computations. Each loop of interest is
characterized by large hierarchies in wavenumber and horizon exit time. The separate universe
framework highlights important factorizations involving these hierarchies. We interpret each loop
correction in terms of a simple, classical, back-reaction model, and clarify the meaning of the
different volume scalings that have been reported in the literature. We argue that significant
back-reaction requires both short-scale nonlinearities and long-short couplings that
modulate the short-scale power spectrum. In the absence of long-short couplings, only incoherent
“shot noise”-like effects are present, which are volume-suppressed. Dropping the shot noise,
back-reaction from a particular scale is controlled by a product of f
NL-like parameters: an
equilateral configuration measuring the nonlinearity of the short-scale modes, and a squeezed
configuration measuring the long-short coupling. These may carry important scale dependence
controlling the behaviour of the loop in the decoupling limit where the hierarchy of scales
becomes large. In single-field models the long-short coupling may be controlled by this
hierarchy, in which case the net back-reaction would be safely suppressed. We illustrate our
framework using explicit computations in a 3-phase ultra-slow-roll scenario. Our analysis differs
from earlier treatments of this model, which did not consistently include the effect of
small-scale modes. Finally, we discuss different choices for the smoothing scale used in the
separate universe framework and argue the effect can be absorbed into a renormalization of local
operators. This complicates interpretation of the loop, because the analytic part of each loop
integral is degenerate with unknown, ultraviolet-sensitive contributions.
Stochastic gravitational wave background: birth from string-wall death
Authors: Ge Shuailiang
Published: June 2024

We study a new source of stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) from the final collapse of a network of topological defects. Typically, the final collapse is considered negligible for generating gravitational waves (GWs) due to its subdominance compared with the network's long-term evolution in the scaling regime. However, in some cases, a network can be driven outside of horizon by inflation and later re-enter horizon. Then, the network's final collapse after re-entering horizon becomes the dominant GW source and therefore cannot be neglected. We demonstrate this phenomenon in the context ofNDW= 1 string-wall networks which naturally arise in axion models, although the framework can be generalized to other types of topological networks. The final collapse of walls bounded by strings releases GWs. Our calculation of the corresponding GW spectrum suggests it could be related to the first few bins of the nano-Hertz SGWB signal possibly detected by various Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) collaborations. However, it is important to note that such GW spectrum falls within a relatively narrow frequency range, which may not completely account for the PTA signal that spans more than one order of magnitude in frequency. Furthermore, with different parameter choices, the resultant GWs generated in this mechanism could be probed by various GW interferometry experiments.
Radial stability of spherical bosonic stars and critical points
Authors: Santos Nuno M. , Benone Carolina L. , Herdeiro Carlos A.R.
Published: June 2024

We study radial perturbations of spherically symmetric spin-0 and spin-1 bosonic stars, computing numerically the squared frequency of the fundamental mode. We find that not all critical points — where the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner mass attains an extremum — correspond to zero modes. Thus, radial stability does not always change at such critical points. The results are in agreement with the so-called critical point method.
Peculiarities of the intrinsic symmetry of linear and nonlinear optical susceptibility tensors in nonabsorbing inhomogeneous media with nonlocality of optical response
Authors: Ryzhikov P S , Makarov V A
Published: June 2024

We show that using the Landau–Lifshitz form of the constitutive equations to construct electrodynamics of inhomogeneous nonabsorbing media with nonlocality of optical response leads to previously unknown intrinsic symmetry relations of the spatially dependent tensors of local and nonlocal optical susceptibilities guaranteeing that the energy conservation law is fulfilled. The discovered relations drastically differ from the analogous relations for homogeneous spatially dispersive media and make it possible to correctly write down the balance equation for the energy conservation law in inhomogeneous media with nonlocality of optical response without the previously accepted artificial addition of any new terms to the classical constitutive equations suggested by Landau and Lifshitz.
Pulsating dynamics of noise-like pulses in a fiber laser with nonlinear optical loop mirror
Authors: Wang Xude , Li Kaixin , Lu Mengxiang , Fan Yuhan , Fu Mingzhu , Xu Aijia , Li Suwen
Published: June 2024

We experimentally investigate the nature of pulsating noise-like pulses (NLPs) in a fiber laser based on the nonlinear optical loop mirror. By adjusting the intra-cavity polarization, three types of pulsating NLPs can be obtained in the cavity. By utilizing the dispersive Fourier transformation technique, the real-time evolution dynamics of NLP pulsation have been investigated in detail. Different from the conventional pulsating behavior, the NLPs undergo remarkable and periodical variations in their width with slight changes in pulse peak powers during pulsation process. We speculate that the wavelength-dependent gain saturation is involved in the pulsating NLP evolution. Quasi-periodic energy oscillations are associated with cyclic generation and subsequent walkoff of wavelength-shifted components, resulting in the different pulsating dynamics of NLP. Moreover, during pulsation process, the NLP splitting could happen with the increasing of energy. All these findings will help to complement our understanding of NLP pulsation in a fiber laser.
Average coherence and average correlated coherence as indicators of quantum phase transitions in the XY model with staggered Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction
Authors: Li Gan-Lu , Xie Yu-Xia
Published: June 2024

The performance of average coherence (AC) and average correlated coherence (ACC) in detecting quantum phase transitions (QPTs) has been explored by considering the XY model with staggered Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. By using the quantum renormalization group method, it is shown that the ground-state AC and ACC show either a maximum or a minimum at the QPT point. Moreover, the AC and ACC susceptibilities (i.e. their derivatives with respect to the driving parameter) have two extreme points near the two sides of the QPT point. A finite-scaling analysis reveals that these extreme points tend to the QPT point after several iterations of the renormalization and the susceptibilities at the QPT point become divergent in the thermodynamic limit.
Generating Baikal-GVD high energy cascade-like neutrino events with a GEANT4-based simulation toolkit*
Authors: Wang 王 Zike 子珂 , Avrorin A.D. , Cao 曹 Zhen 臻 , Chen 陈 Mingjun 明君 , Chu 褚 Peiyuan 培元 , Dzhilkibaev Zh.-A.M. , Gao 高 Bo 博 , Huang 黄 Tianqi 天奇 , Liu 刘 Jiali 加丽 , Qi 齐 Ying 莹 , You 游 Xiaohao 晓浩 , Zaborov D.N.
Published: June 2024

Using the GEANT4 and Cosmic Ray Monte Carlo (CRMC) software packages, we developed a new simulation toolkit for astrophysical neutrino telescopes. By configuring the Baikal-GVD detector and comparing the vertex position and direction of incident particles, as well as the channel-by-channel signals, to the events detected by Baikal-GVD, we successfully generated 13 high-energy cascade neutrino events with the toolkit. Our analysis revealed a systematic offset between the reconstructed shower position and the true interaction position, with a distance close to the scale of the shower maximum of −0.54±1.29 m. We achieved a good linear relationship between the photoelectron number of neutrino events obtained by simulation and the real data measured by Baikal-GVD. The simulation toolkit could serve as a reliable basis for studying the performance of astrophysical neutrino telescopes.
Exploring the impact of anti-shadowing effect on unintegrated gluon distributions in the MD-BFKL equation*
Authors: Wang 王 Xiaopeng 晓鹏 , Cai 蔡 Yanbing 燕兵 , Chen 陈 Xurong 旭荣
Published: June 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the MD-BFKL equation, considering both shadowing and anti-shadowing effects in gluon recombination processes. By deriving analytical expressions for unintegrated gluon distributions through the solution of the MD-BFKL equation, with and without the incorporation of the anti-shadowing effect, we offer new insights into the influence of these effects on the behavior of unintegrated gluon distributions. Our results, when compared to those from the CT18NLO gluon distribution function, demonstrate that the anti-shadowing effect has a notably stronger impact on the characteristics of unintegrated gluon distributions, particularly in regions of high rapidity and momentum. This work significantly contributes to the understanding of gluon recombination mechanisms and their implications in high energy physics.
Brain-implantable needle-type CMOS imaging device enables multi-layer dissection of seizure calcium dynamics in the hippocampus
Authors: Olorocisimo Joshua Philippe , Ohta Yasumi , Regonia Paul R , Castillo Virgil C G , Yoshimoto Junichiro , Takehara Hironari , Sasagawa Kiyotaka , Ohta Jun
Published: June 2024

Objective: Current neuronal imaging methods mostly use bulky lenses that either impede animal behavior or prohibit multi-depth imaging. To overcome these limitations, we developed a lightweight lensless biophotonic system for neuronal imaging, enabling compact and simultaneous visualization of multiple brain layers. Approach: Our developed ‘CIS-NAIST’ device integrates a micro-CMOS image sensor, thin-film fluorescence filter, micro-LEDs, and a needle-shaped flexible printed circuit. With this device, we monitored neuronal calcium dynamics during seizures across the different layers of the hippocampus and employed machine learning techniques for seizure classification and prediction. Main results: The CIS-NAIST device revealed distinct calcium activity patterns across the CA1, molecular interlayer, and dentate gyrus. Our findings indicated an elevated calcium amplitude activity specifically in the dentate gyrus compared to other layers. Then, leveraging the multi-layer data obtained from the device, we successfully classified seizure calcium activity and predicted seizure behavior using Long Short-Term Memory and Hidden Markov models. Significance: Taken together, our ‘CIS-NAIST’ device offers an effective and minimally invasive method of seizure monitoring that can help elucidate the mechanisms of temporal lobe epilepsy.
Random matrix statistics and safety rest areas on interstates in the United States
Authors: Cai J , Peca-Medlin J , Wan Y
Published: June 2024

We analyze physical spacings between locations of safety rest areas on interstates in the United States. We show normalized safety rest area spacings on major interstates exhibit Wigner surmise (WS) statistics, which align with the eigenvalue spacings for the Gaussian unitary ensemble from random matrix theory as well as the one-dimensional gas interactions via the Coulomb potential. We identify economic and geographic regional traits at the state level that exhibit Poissonian statistics, which become more pronounced with increased geographical obstacles in interstate travel. Other regional filters (e.g. historical or political) produced results that did not diverge substantially from the overall WS model.
Tracer dynamics in the active random average process
Authors: Santra Saikat , Singh Prashant , Kundu Anupam
Published: June 2024

We investigate the dynamics of tracer particles in the random average process (RAP), a single-file system in one dimension. In addition to the position, every particle possesses an internal spin variable

σ
(
t
)

that can alternate between two values, ±1, at a constant rate γ. Physically, the value of

σ
(
t
)

dictates the direction of motion of the corresponding particle and, for finite γ, every particle performs non-Markovian active dynamics. Herein, we study the effect of this non-Markovian behavior in the fluctuations and correlations of the positions of tracer particles. We analytically show that the variance of the position of a tagged particle grows sub-diffusively as

∼

ζ

q

t

at large times for the quenched uniform initial conditions. While this sub-diffusive growth is identical to that of the Markovian/non-persistent RAP, the coefficient

ζ

q

is rather different and bears the signature of the persistent motion of active particles through higher-point correlations (unlike in the Markovian case). Similarly, for the annealed (steady-state) initial conditions, we find that the variance scales as

∼

ζ

a

t

at large times, with the coefficient

ζ

a

once again different from the non-persistent case. Although both ζ
q and

ζ

a

individually depart from their Markovian counterparts, their ratio

ζ

a

/

ζ

q

is still equal to

2

, a condition observed for other diffusive single-file systems. This condition turns out to be true even in the strongly active regimes, as corroborated by extensive simulations and calculations. Finally, we study the correlation between the positions of two tagged particles in both quenched uniform and annealed initial conditions. We verify all our analytical results using extensive numerical simulations.
Nonequilibrium formulation of varying-temperature bit erasure
Authors: Whitelam Stephen
Published: June 2024

Landauer’s principle states that erasing a bit of information at fixed temperature T costs at least

k

B

T
ln
⁡
2

units of work. Here we investigate erasure at varying temperature, to which Landauer’s result does not apply. We formulate bit erasure as a stochastic nonequilibrium process involving a compression of configuration space, with physical and logical states associated in a symmetric way. Erasure starts and ends at temperature T, but temperature can otherwise vary with time in an arbitrary way. Defined in this way, erasure is governed by a set of nonequilibrium fluctuation relations that show that varying-temperature erasure can done with less work than

k

B

T
ln
⁡
2

. As a result, erasure and the complementary process of bit randomization can be combined to form a work-producing engine cycle.
Effect of Vortex Generator on Gas Turbine Blade Cooling
Authors: Halder Nirmal , Nikhade Sanjay D. , Sulakhe Vishal N.
Published: June 2024

The current numerical study suggests using a vortex generator to lessen the consequences of a counter-rotating vortex pair. For this inquiry, the delta winglet pair in the common-flow-down arrangement is selected. A suitable model for turbulence is examined. The x, y, and z vorticity is studied. Additionally, the effect of variations in turbulent kinetic energy is examined. The outcome is contrasted with the reference scenario. Employing the k-omega SST turbulence model and the commercial code FLUENT, numerical analysis is accomplished.
Development of statistical model for the indoor solar cooking system
Authors: Chaudhari K S , Walke P V
Published: June 2024

The use of solar energy for the cooking has taken place for the last few decades. This type of cooking has conducted outside the door. But this attempt has been conducted to cook the food inside the kitchen as a conventional cooking type. This cook-friendly device introduces a new solar heat transfer concept for indoor cooking by developing a special types of cooking utensils, i.e., pans and pots. The present study investigated the different parameters associated with the performance of indoor solar cooking systems. During the study of indoor solar cooking, it has been observed that the most important parameters that affect the performance, considering them as independent parameters, are the time duration of the system exposed to the sun, solar intensity, mass flow rate of the working fluid, and the type of working fluid. Also, the performance is measured in terms of output parameters such as the temperature of the pan, pot, and thermal storage system. In this study, a mathematical relationship has developed between these independent parameters and dependent parameters. The ANOVA method is used to develop mathematical relationships. The experimentation has been carried out for different times ranging from 0 to 8 hours, with solar intensity ranging from 100 W/m2 to 800 W/m2 and mass flow rate in lpm (6, 9, and 12) with heat transfer oils such as Therminol 55 and Soyabean Oil. Further, the equation is formulated and established for each independent parameter in terms of the actual factor. The accuracy of the equations was measured in terms of R2 and found to be 0.9615, 0.9629, and 0.9886 for the temperature of the pan, the temperature of the pot, and the temperature of the thermal storage system, respectively.
Advanced UPFC Controllers to Improve Transient and Dynamic Stabilty of Power System
Authors: Jagtap Prashant , Chandrakar V.K.
Published: June 2024

The industrial revolution is thought to have had its foundation in electricity. Electricity must be produced and transferred in greater quantities in order to meet the ever rising demand that must be delivered to numerous homes and businesses. it is slightly challenging to do so in a very flexible and efficient manner. So for transmission of such a large amount of electricity, In terms of the examination of the power system, (FACTS) will have been discovered to be a potential component. The comparative analysis of UPFC in the presence LG fault is described in this paper. Fuzzy logic controller has better performance in improving transient stability than conventional PI controller. System consist of multimachine power system with fault is simulated in MATLAB environment the results are also tested using prototype hardware model of set up 01 KVAR UPFC. There is improvement in rotor angle stability of power system using Fuzzy logic controller compared to conventional PI controller. Oscillations are also reduce with this FUZZY based UPFC controller
Intelligent method for Power flow using Artificial Neural Network with UPFC
Authors: Jagtap Prashant , Chandrakar V.K.
Published: June 2024

It is slightly difficult to transmit such a large amount of electricity in very flexible and efficient way as the size of conventionally used relay and protective devices will increase while transmitting such a large amount of electricity which will increase the operating cost. So for transmission of such a large amount of electricity, Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) will have been found to be promising aspect in terms of the analysis of the power system. In this paper the comparative analysis of unified power flow controller(upfc) is presented in presence of LG fault. ANN controllers are applied in UPFC in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. There is significant reductions in oscillations in rotor angle deviation of multimachine systems using ANN controller compare to conventional PI controller. Hardware prototype model of UPFC also shows improvement in voltage stably in multimachine. There is improvement in rotor angle stability of power system using ANN controller compared to conventional PI controller. Oscillations are reduced.