bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome Analysis of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis Reveals circRNAs Related to Egg Production of Bian Chicken
Authors: Li Peifeng , Zhang Qi , Chu Chengzhu , Ren Binlin , Wu Pengfei , Zhang Genxi
Published: August 2024

The hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian (HPO) axis plays a pivotal role in the regulation of egg production in chickens. In addition to the traditional understanding of the HPO axis, emerging research highlights the significant role of circRNAs in modulating the functions of this axis. In the study, we collected hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovarian tissues from low-yielding and high-yielding Bian chickens for transcriptome sequencing. We identified 339, 339, and 287 differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs with p_value < 0.05 and |log2 (fold change)| ≥ 1 in hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovarian tissues. The Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis for the source genes of DE circRNAs has yielded multiple biological process (BP) entries related to cell development, the nervous system, and proteins, including cellular component morphogenesis, cell morphogenesis, nervous system development, neurogenesis, protein modification process, and protein metabolic process. In the top 30 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, we observed the enrichment of the GnRH signaling pathway in both the hypothalamus and the pituitary, solely identified the GnRH secretion pathway in the pituitary, and discovered the pathway of oocyte meiosis in the ovary. Furthermore, given that circRNA primarily functions through the ceRNA mechanism, we constructed ceRNA regulatory networks with DE circRNAs originating from the GnRH signaling pathway, GnRH secretion, ovarian steroidogenesis, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and the estrogen signaling pathway. Finally, several important ceRNA regulatory networks related to reproduction were discovered, such as novel_circ_003662-gga-let-7b/miR-148a-3p/miR-146a-5p/miR-146b-5p and novel_circ_003538-gga-miR-7464-3p-SLC19A1. This study will contribute to advancements in understanding the involvement of circRNAs in the HPO axis, potentially leading to innovations in improving egg production and poultry health.
Challenges of the Calgary–Cambridge Consultation Guide in Veterinary Multicultural and Multilingual Scenarios and the Role of Veterinary Translators
Authors: Almendros Angel , Steagall Paulo V. , Lun Suen Caesar , Speelman Jonathan , Giuliano Antonio
Published: August 2024

The Calgary–Cambridge Guide is a widely recognised framework for teaching communication skills to healthcare professionals that has become a cornerstone of communication training programs in medicine and other healthcare fields. In the context of veterinary medicine, its integration into communication training programs has become an asset improving communication, education, interaction, and quality of service, enhancing the veterinary–client–patient relationship (VCPR). In veterinary medicine, however, a more challenging consultation dynamic involves the veterinarian, the owner, and the animal. The addition of a veterinary assistant that acts as an interpreter or translator is common in Hong Kong where the native language (Cantonese) coexists with English when consultations are led by non-native language speakers. This addition converts this commonly dyadic model into a triadic communication model. The addition of an assistant interpreter influences the way consultations are conducted, how information is conveyed, and how interpersonal cues and empathy are delivered. In this report we depict challenges applying the Calgary–Cambridge Guide in multicultural and multilingual veterinary medical centres in Hong Kong and highlight the role of veterinary supporting staff in these scenarios, specifically veterinary assistant interpreters.
MiR-20a-5p Targeting the TGFBR2 Gene Regulates Inflammatory Response of Chicken Macrophages Infected with Avian Pathogenic E. coli
Authors: Cao Xinqi , Ge Jiayi , Ma Yuyi , Li Huan , Han Wei , Lamont Susan J , Sun Hongyan
Published: August 2024

Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) causes localized and systemic infections and are a threat to human health. microRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in inflammation and immune regulation following pathogen invasion. However, the related regulatory mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the involvement of chicken microRNA-20a-5p (gga-miR-20a-5p) in host defense against APEC in chickens and the underlying mechanisms. We evaluated the expression levels of gga-miR-20a-5p in chicken tissues and cells and observed a significant decrease in expression following APEC infection. Dual luciferase reporter assays showed that gga-miR-20a-5p directly targeted transforming growth factor-beta receptor 2 (TGFBR2), specifically by binding to the 3′-untranslated region (3′UTR) of TGFBR2. Overexpression of gga-miR-20a-5p markedly reduced both the mRNA and protein levels of TGFBR2, whereas inhibition of gga-miR-20a-5p significantly increased expression. Mechanistic investigations revealed that overexpression of gga-miR-20a-5p also attenuated the expression levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL8, TNFα, IL6, and IL1β, whereas inhibition of gga-miR-20a-5p had the opposite effects. Collectively, our findings suggest that gga-miR-20a-5p regulates the immune response during APEC infection by targeting TGFBR2, thereby suppressing inflammatory cytokine production. This study provides valuable insights into the role of gga-miR-20a-5p in the host defense against APEC.
Assessing the Radon Exposure Variability and Lifetime Health Effects across Indoor Microenvironments and Sub-Populations
Authors: Lee Soo-Yong , Lim Sang-Hun , Kim Hee-Seok
Published: August 2024

To assess the health impacts of radon exposure over a lifetime, in the present study, the annual effective dose (AED) and cumulative excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR-C) were evaluated by considering various indoor microenvironmental exposures based on age-specific time–activity patterns using Monte Carlo simulations. Significant regional variations in indoor radon concentrations across the Republic of Korea were observed, with the highest levels found in schools and single detached houses. Based on the standard annual total of 8760 h spent indoors and outdoors, the AED varied by age group and dwelling type, with the ELCR-C for single detached houses being approximately 1.36 times higher than that for apartments on average. The present study highlights the importance of comprehensive health risk assessments that consider differences across indoor environments and age groups, indicating that limited evaluations of specific sites or areas may distort actual exposure levels.
An XAI Framework for Predicting Wind Turbine Power under Rainy Conditions Developed Using CFD Simulations
Authors: Syed Ahmed Kabir Ijaz Fazil , Gajendran Mohan Kumar , Taslim Prajna Manggala Putra , Boopathy Sethu Raman , Ng Eddie Yin-Kwee , Mehdizadeh Amirfarhang
Published: August 2024

Renewable energy sources are essential to address climate change, fossil fuel depletion, and stringent environmental regulations in the subsequent decades. Horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWTs) are particularly suited to meet this demand. However, their efficiency is affected by environmental factors because they operate in open areas. Adverse weather conditions like rain reduce their aerodynamic performance. This study investigates wind turbine power prediction under rainy conditions by integrating Blade Element Momentum (BEM) theory with explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). The S809 airfoil’s aerodynamic characteristics, used in NREL wind turbines, were analyzed using ANSYS FLUENT and symbolic regression under varying rain intensities. Simulations at a Reynolds number (Re) of 1 × 106 were performed using the Discrete Phase Model (DPM) and k–ω SST turbulence model, with liquid water content (LWC) values of 0 (dry), 10, 25, and 39 g/m3. The lift and drag coefficients were calculated at various angles of attack for all the conditions. The results indicated that rain led to reduced lift and increased drag. The innovative aspect of this research is the development of machine learning models predicting changes in the airfoil coefficients under rain with an R2 value of 0.97. The proposed XAI framework models rain effects at a lower computational time, enabling efficient wind farm performance assessment in rainy conditions compared to conventional CFD simulations. It was found that a heavy rain LWC of 39 g/m3 could reduce power output by 5.7% to 7%. These findings highlight the impact of rain on aerodynamic performance and the importance of advanced predictive models for optimizing renewable energy generation.
Local Evapotranspiration Is the Only Relevant Source of Moisture at the Onset of the Rainy Season in South America
Authors: Versieux Verônica , Costa Marcos Heil
Published: August 2024

The South American Monsoon System, which transports moisture from Amazonia to Central-West Brazil, is an important moisture source for the summer rainy season in this region. While local evapotranspiration also contributes to the atmospheric moisture supply, the balance between local and remote sources during the onset of the rainy season remains uncertain. Our research aimed to quantify the role of local evapotranspiration in initiating the rainy season in Central-West Brazil. By utilizing data from various sources, such as remote sensing (MODIS), modern reanalysis (ECMWF’s ERA5), and composite products of rainfall (CHIRPS), and analyzing them in a comparative way, we conclusively found that local evapotranspiration is the only relevant source of moisture to the atmosphere during the dry-to-wet season transition, preceding the establishment of the monsoon system.
Observed Impacts of Ground-Mounted Photovoltaic Systems on the Microclimate and Soil in an Arid Area of Gansu, China
Authors: Zhang Jia , Li Zaixin , Tao Junyu , Ge Yadong , Zhong Yuzhen , Wang Yibo , Yan Beibei
Published: August 2024

Ground-mounted photovoltaic (GMPV) systems are a crucial component of photovoltaic (PV) applications, and their environmental impacts during large-scale development require thorough attention. This study conducted continuous observations at a GMPV plant in an arid region, employing a three-site comparative monitoring system to assess the environmental impact of both shaded and non-shaded areas within GMPV systems. The parameters measured included atmospheric temperature (AT), relative humidity (RH), soil temperature (ST), soil water content (SWC), and wind speed. The results revealed significant diurnal and seasonal variations in AT, with daytime warming and nighttime cooling ranging from 0.1 to 0.7 °C, with particularly large variations observed during high-temperature seasons. Shaded areas under the PV panels exhibited increased RH at night and decreased RH during the day, along with a cooling effect on ST, with a maximum reduction of 7 °C. SWC was higher in shaded areas during dry seasons but exhibited complex redistribution patterns during rainy seasons. Wind speed and direction were notably altered, demonstrating a corridor effect. These findings contrast with previous studies that only focused on the environmental assessment of non-shaded areas within PV systems and external areas using two-site monitoring. This study highlights the critical role of shaded areas in understanding the local environmental impacts of PV systems. This comprehensive approach offers deeper insights into how PV systems influence local meteorological and environmental conditions, suggesting that optimized design and placement of PV systems can enhance their ecological benefits and mitigate adverse environmental impacts in arid regions.
Sustainable Battery Lifecycle: Non-Destructive Separation of Batteries and Potential Second Life Applications
Authors: Schlögl Gernot , Grollitsch Stefan , Ellersdorfer Christian , Feist Florian , Kirschner Christoph , Ecker Josef , Haas Franz
Published: August 2024

Large quantities of battery systems will be discarded from electric vehicles in the future. Non-destructive separation of used electric vehicle (EV) traction batteries enables a second life of battery components, extraction of high value secondary materials, and reduces the environmental footprint of recycling and separation processes. In this study, the key performance indicators (KPIs) for the second life application of spent EV batteries are identified. Three battery packs are analyzed in terms of the joining techniques used—and possible separation techniques—considering only direct recycling methods. The components that can be recovered from these batteries are evaluated against the KPIs. This study shows that all the batteries analyzed allow a second life in stationary and semi-stationary electrical storage systems and marine applications when used at the pack and module levels. Two packs can be reused in electric vehicles such as forklifts. However, the feasibility of re-use in micro-mobility and consumer electronics is very limited. This study shows that technically feasible separation methods are dictated and constrained by the joining techniques used. As welding and adhesive bonding pose challenges to separation processes, future efforts should prioritize ‘design for disassembly’ to ensure sustainable battery life cycle management.
A Computing System for Complex Cases of Major Recurrent Depression Based on Latent Semantic Analysis: Relationship between Life Themes and Symptoms
Authors: Sumedrea Alin Gilbert , Sumedrea Cristian Mihai , Săvulescu Florin
Published: August 2024

The paper presents a computing procedure with the goal of suggesting applicable solutions to improve complex cases of major recurrent depression. The focus is on identifying the patients’ illness patterns and on finding solutions for alleviating problematic symptoms. The illness patterns synthesize the outcomes of the relationship between the patients’ life themes and symptoms. The testing of the effectiveness of illness improvement solutions was conducted by evaluating and comparing the Beck scores of patients after each psychotherapy session. In addition to latent semantic analysis used to identify semantic relationships between life themes and symptoms, the research also employed the correlation method to find life themes/symptoms that are experienced undistortedly and associations between life themes that amplify latent symptoms. The computing system was applied to eleven patients with severe forms of depression and their progress was monitored for six months. The results obtained following the application of the computing system demonstrated its ability to describe personalized illness patterns and to significantly improve, through its suggestions, the illness of all patients. These findings recommend the use of the computing system in severe cases of major recurrent depression.
Machine Learning for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Cesarelli Giuseppe , Ponsiglione Alfonso Maria , Sansone Mario , Amato Francesco , Donisi Leandro , Ricciardi Carlo
Published: August 2024

Machine learning (ML) is a field of artificial intelligence that uses algorithms capable of extracting knowledge directly from data that could support decisions in multiple fields of engineering [...]
Hybrid Predictive Machine Learning Model for the Prediction of Immunodominant Peptides of Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Authors: Bukhari Syed Nisar Hussain , Ogudo Kingsley A.
Published: August 2024

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common respiratory pathogen that infects the human lungs and respiratory tract, often causing symptoms similar to the common cold. Vaccination is the most effective strategy for managing viral outbreaks. Currently, extensive efforts are focused on developing a vaccine for RSV. Traditional vaccine design typically involves using an attenuated form of the pathogen to elicit an immune response. In contrast, peptide-based vaccines (PBVs) aim to identify and chemically synthesize specific immunodominant peptides (IPs), known as T-cell epitopes (TCEs), to induce a targeted immune response. Despite their potential for enhancing vaccine safety and immunogenicity, PBVs have received comparatively less attention. Identifying IPs for PBV design through conventional wet-lab experiments is challenging, costly, and time-consuming. Machine learning (ML) techniques offer a promising alternative, accurately predicting TCEs and significantly reducing the time and cost of vaccine development. This study proposes the development and evaluation of eight hybrid ML predictive models created through the permutations and combinations of two classification methods, two feature weighting techniques, and two feature selection algorithms, all aimed at predicting the TCEs of RSV. The models were trained using the experimentally determined TCEs and non-TCE sequences acquired from the Bacterial and Viral Bioinformatics Resource Center (BV-BRC) repository. The hybrid model composed of the XGBoost (XGB) classifier, chi-squared (ChST) weighting technique, and backward search (BST) as the optimal feature selection algorithm (ChST−BST–XGB) was identified as the best model, achieving an accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F1 score, AUC, precision, and MCC of 97.10%, 0.98, 0.97, 0.98, 0.99, 0.99, and 0.96, respectively. Additionally, K-fold cross-validation (KFCV) was performed to ensure the model’s reliability and an average accuracy of 97.21% was recorded for the ChST−BST–XGB model. The results indicate that the hybrid XGBoost model consistently outperforms other hybrid approaches. The epitopes predicted by the proposed model may serve as promising vaccine candidates for RSV, subject to in vitro and in vivo scientific assessments. This model can assist the scientific community in expediting the screening of active TCE candidates for RSV, ultimately saving time and resources in vaccine development.
GCGACNN: A Graph Neural Network and Random Forest for Predicting Microbe–Drug Associations
Authors: Su Shujuan , Liu Meiling , Zhou Jiyun , Zhang Jingfeng
Published: August 2024

The interaction between microbes and drugs encompasses the sourcing of pharmaceutical compounds, microbial drug degradation, the development of drug resistance genes, and the impact of microbial communities on host drug metabolism and immune modulation. These interactions significantly impact drug efficacy and the evolution of drug resistance. In this study, we propose a novel predictive model, termed GCGACNN. We first collected microbe, disease, and drug association data from multiple databases and the relevant literature to construct three association matrices and generate similarity feature matrices using Gaussian similarity functions. These association and similarity feature matrices were then input into a multi-layer Graph Neural Network for feature extraction, followed by a two-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network for feature fusion, ultimately establishing an effective predictive framework. Experimental results demonstrate that GCGACNN outperforms existing methods in predictive performance.
Temporal Characterization of the Viral Load of Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease Virus in Rosy-Faced Lovebirds (Agapornis roseicollis)
Authors: Lam Derek Kong , Poon Emily Shui Kei , Sin Simon Yung Wa
Published: August 2024

Psittacine beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) is a widespread and highly pathogenic virus in parrots. The disease typically presents with feather and beak abnormalities, along with possible immune system suppression. No cure or commercialized vaccine is currently available. Our understanding of the Psittacine beak and feather disease often comes from infected individuals with visible symptoms. Limited knowledge exists regarding the pathology and role of asymptomatic individuals in disease transmission. Asymptomatic individuals could shed the virus in their crop secretion, feces, or feathers. In this study, we investigated the temporal change in the viral load in feather and fecal samples from 17 asymptomatic Rosy-faced Lovebirds (Agapornis roseicollis) using qPCR. Our results showed that most of the individuals had very low viral load, while three individuals with high viral load at the beginning of the experiment were observed to exhibit a decreasing trend in viral load in both fecal and feather samples. Surprisingly, the viral load in an individual can drop from a high level to an undetectable level within three months. This suggests that BFDV infection might not be lethal or highly pathogenic for some individuals. We also showed that the viral load in feathers was higher than in feces.
Gender Differences in the Longitudinal Linkages between Fear of COVID-19 and Internet Game Addiction: A Moderated Multiple Mediation Model
Authors: Liu Qing , Gao Bin , Wu Yuedong , Ning Bo , Xu Yufei , Zhang Fuyou
Published: August 2024

Background: The COVID-19 outbreak has profoundly affected the psychological well-being of university students globally. Previous studies have found a positive longitudinal link between fear of COVID-19 (FoC-19) and internet addiction. However, there is a notable gap in the literature regarding COVID-19-specific predictors and underlying mechanisms of internet gaming addiction (IGA). Methods: Integrating the compensatory internet use theory and social role theory as frameworks, a three-wave longitudinal approach was used in this study to test the hypothesized model. Data spanning a duration of one year were gathered from undergraduate students in China. From 2021 to 2022, we conducted online self-report surveys in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic to obtain participants’ levels of FoC-19, loneliness, depressive symptoms, and IGA. Results: FoC-19 showed a longitudinal positive relationship with IGA. The longitudinal link between FoC-19 and IGA was mediated by loneliness and depression. Gender moderated the direct effect of FoC-19 on IGA, with this effect being significant only among male students and not among their female counterparts. Conclusion: These findings advance our comprehension of the mechanisms and gender differences underlying the link between FoC-19 and IGA, and provide a novel perspective for interventions to reduce IGA.
Large-Deformation Modeling of Surface Instability and Ground Collapse during Tunnel Excavation by Material Point Method
Authors: Luo Haipeng , Zhang Shimin , Sun Miaomiao , Gong Shilin , Hu Chengbao
Published: August 2024

Recent rapid urbanization has led to an increase in tunnel construction, escalating the prevalence of ground collapses. Ground collapses, characterized by large deformation and strain-softening, pose a significant challenge for classical numerical theories and simulation methods. Consequently, a numerical framework combining the material point method (MPM) and strain-softening Drucker–Prager plasticity is introduced in this study to more accurately describe the evolution process and failure mechanism of the subgrade during tunnel excavation. The proposed numerical framework was validated against an analytic solution employing a typical ‘dry bottom’ dam model with solid non-linearity and large deformation; some of the results are also compared with those of the SPH method and centrifugal modeling tests to verify the validity of the MPM method in this paper. The validated model was used in this study to conduct a comprehensive analysis of surface instability and ground collapse under varying soil conditions. This included factors such as strata thickness, cohesion, internal friction angle, and a quantitative description of the development of longitudinal subsidence of the surface. The aim was to clarify deformation responses, failure patterns, and excavation mechanisms, providing insights for underground tunneling practices.
Assessing Health-Related Quality of Life in Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome: Unmet Needs
Authors: Brazel Danielle , Larocca Cecilia , Shinohara Michi M.
Published: August 2024

Mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS) can impair multiple dimensions of health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Currently, there is no standardized assessment tool for measuring HRQoL in patients with MF/SS. Here, we describe the existing literature on multiple dimensions of HRQoL in MF/SS with a special focus on the gaps in the current knowledge and identify future directions necessary to assess the HRQoL of patients with this disease.
Emerging Role of Hippo-YAP (Yes-Associated Protein)/TAZ (Transcriptional Coactivator with PDZ-Binding Motif) Pathway Dysregulation in Renal Cell Carcinoma Progression
Authors: Mondal Varsha , Higgins Paul J. , Samarakoon Rohan
Published: August 2024

Although Hippo-YAP/TAZ pathway involvement has been extensively studied in the development of certain cancers, the involvement of this cascade in kidney cancer progression is not well-established and, therefore, will be the focus of this review. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the most prevalent kidney tumor subtype, has a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate. Core Hippo signaling inactivation (e.g., LATS kinases) leads to the nuclear translocation of YAP/TAZ where they bind to co-transcriptional factors such as TEAD promoting transcription of genes which initiates various fibrotic and neoplastic diseases. Loss of expression of LATS1/2 kinase and activation of YAP/TAZ correlates with poor survival in RCC patients. Renal-specific ablation of LATS1 in mice leads to the spontaneous development of several subtypes of RCC in a YAP/TAZ-dependent manner. Genetic and pharmacological inactivation of YAP/TAZ reverses the oncogenic potential in LATS1-deficient mice, highlighting the therapeutic benefit of network targeting in RCC. Here, we explore the unique upstream controls and downstream consequences of the Hippo-YAP/TAZ pathway deregulation in renal cancer. This review critically evaluates the current literature on the role of the Hippo pathway in RCC progression and highlights the recent scientific evidence designating YAP/TAZ as novel therapeutic targets against kidney cancer.
The Performance and Clinical Applicability of HER2 Digital Image Analysis in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dunenova Gauhar , Kalmataeva Zhanna , Kaidarova Dilyara , Dauletbaev Nurlan , Semenova Yuliya , Mansurova Madina , Grjibovski Andrej , Kassymbekova Fatima , Sarsembayev Aidos , Semenov Daniil , Glushkova Natalya
Published: August 2024

This systematic review aims to address the research gap in the performance of computational algorithms for the digital image analysis of HER2 images in clinical settings. While numerous studies have explored various aspects of these algorithms, there is a lack of comprehensive evaluation regarding their effectiveness in real-world clinical applications. We conducted a search of the Web of Science and PubMed databases for studies published from 31 December 2013 to 30 June 2024, focusing on performance effectiveness and components such as dataset size, diversity and source, ground truth, annotation, and validation methods. The study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024525404). Key questions guiding this review include the following: How effective are current computational algorithms at detecting HER2 status in digital images? What are the common validation methods and dataset characteristics used in these studies? Is there standardization of algorithm evaluations of clinical applications that can improve the clinical utility and reliability of computational tools for HER2 detection in digital image analysis? We identified 6833 publications, with 25 meeting the inclusion criteria. The accuracy rate with clinical datasets varied from 84.19% to 97.9%. The highest accuracy was achieved on the publicly available Warwick dataset at 98.8% in synthesized datasets. Only 12% of studies used separate datasets for external validation; 64% of studies used a combination of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 as a set of performance measures. Despite the high accuracy rates reported in these studies, there is a notable absence of direct evidence supporting their clinical application. To facilitate the integration of these technologies into clinical practice, there is an urgent need to address real-world challenges and overreliance on internal validation. Standardizing study designs on real clinical datasets can enhance the reliability and clinical applicability of computational algorithms in improving the detection of HER2 cancer.
Adipose Stem Cells and Their Interplay with Cancer Cells and Mitochondrial Reservoir: A New Promising Target
Authors: Rehman Ayesha , Marigliano Martina , Torsiello Martina , La Noce Marcella , Papaccio Gianpaolo , Tirino Virginia , Del Vecchio Vitale , Papaccio Federica
Published: August 2024

Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) significantly influence tumor progression within the tumor microenvironment (TME). This review examines the pro-tumorigenic roles of ASCs, focusing on paracrine signaling, direct cell–cell interactions, and immunomodulation. ASC-mediated mitochondrial transfer through tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) and gap junctions (GJs) plays a significant role in enhancing cancer cell survival and metabolism. Cancer cells with dysfunctional mitochondria acquire mitochondria from ASCs to meet their metabolic needs and thrive in the TME. Targeting mitochondrial transfer, modulating ASC function, and influencing metabolic pathways are potential therapeutic strategies. However, challenges like TME complexity, specificity, safety concerns, and resistance mechanisms must be addressed. Disrupting the ASC–cancer cell–mitochondria axis offers a promising approach to cancer therapy.
Aaptamine: A Versatile Marine Alkaloid for Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Anticancer Therapeutics
Authors: Tailor Navin Kumar , Deswal Geeta , Grewal Ajmer Singh
Published: August 2024

Aaptamine (8,9-dimethoxy-1H-benzo[de][1,6]naphthyridine), an alkaloid obtained from marine sponges of the genus Aaptos (Demospongiae, Suberitida, Suberitidae), has attracted significant attention as a promising scaffold for the development of antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer agents. This review offers an extensive overview of updated research on aaptamine, focusing on its multifaceted pharmacological properties. The antioxidant potential of aaptamine reflects its potential ability for use in the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, for suppressing ROS, and subsequently deactivating the MAPK and AP-1 signaling pathway. Moreover, it demonstrates notable antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria, including mycobacterial active and dormant states, making it a potential candidate for combating bacterial infections. Additionally, aaptamine shows promising anticancer activity by inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis induction, and suppressing tumor growth through various signaling pathways, including the regulation of PTEN/PI3K/Akt and CDK2/4, and the regulation of cyclin D1/E in cell cycle arrest. The unique chemical structure of aaptamine offers opportunities for structural modifications aimed at enhancing its antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activities. The exploration of aaptamine as a scaffold in the development of novel therapeutic agents offers great promise for addressing various challenges associated with oxidative stress, bacterial infections, and cancer. This article underscores the potential of aaptamine as a valuable marine-derived scaffold in the fields of antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer therapy.
How to Link Assessment and Suitable Interventions for Adolescents: Relationships among Mental Health, Friendships, Demographic Indicators and Well-Being at School
Authors: Šambaras Rokas , Butvilaitė Agnė , Andruškevič Justina , Istomina Natalja , Lesinskienė Sigita
Published: August 2024

Background: Over the last 10 years, a noticeable deterioration in mental health has affected adolescents’ lives. Methods: This study was conducted in 12 secondary schools and 14 high schools located in different cities across Lithuania from October to December 2023. The survey included students aged 12 to 17 years. The adolescents filled out a questionnaire about the need for outside help, friendships, and well-being at school and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. The goal of our study was to analyze the risk factors that influence adolescents’ psycho-emotional state. Results: A total of 4124 students were involved in this study, with a mean age of 14.48 ± 1.15 years. The sample consisted of 50.9% males and 49.1% females. The boys showed a statistically significantly lower total difficulty score on the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ TDS) and internalizing score (IS) than the girls (12.45 ± 5.39 vs. 14.93 ± 5.76; 5.39 ± 3.30 vs. 7.49 ± 3.64, p < 0.001). Also, the SDQ TDS, IS, and externalizing score (ES) were statistically significantly lower in the group of adolescents who lived with both parents (13.50 ± 5.69 vs. 14.76 ± 5.72; 6.32 ± 3.61 vs. 6.98 ± 3.65; 7.18 ± 3.23 vs. 7.78 ± 3.35, p < 0.001). Linear regression analysis of the SDQ TDS (R2 = 0.406) indicated a significant impact on the feeling of safety at schools (β = −0.173, p < 0.001) and loneliness (β = 0.314, p < 0.001). Linear regression of the SDQ IS (R2 = 0.469) showed that there was a significant predictor effect of bullying (β = 0.170, p < 0.001) and loneliness (β = 0.345, p < 0.001). However, the linear regression of the SDQ ES (R2 = 0.256) showed that there was a significant predictor effect of the feeling of teacher care (β = −0.163, p < 0.001) and loneliness (β = 0.166, p < 0.001). We determined that gender (OR = 2.30) and loneliness (OR = 1.77) were the most significant factors associated with adolescents seeking help. Conclusions: It is crucial to determine specific risk factors and particular groups of teenagers who need psycho-emotional support the most. The findings of this study may offer valuable insights for advancing additional prevention or support programs aimed at adolescents within higher-risk groups.
Application of Galenic Strategies for Developing Gastro-Resistant Omeprazole Formulation for Pediatrics
Authors: Rouaz-El-Hajoui Khadija , García-Montoya Encarnación , Suñé-Pou Marc , Suñé-Negre Josep María , Pérez-Lozano Pilar
Published: August 2024

Objectives: This study addresses a critical need in pediatric pharmacotherapy by focusing on the development of an enteric formulation of omeprazole for pediatric use. Omeprazole, a widely used proton pump inhibitor, is essential for treating various gastrointestinal disorders in children. The main objective is to design a compounding formula that can be prepared in hospital pharmacy services without the need for industrial equipment, which is often unavailable in these settings. Methods: The research applied different galenic strategies to overcome the challenges of omeprazole’s instability in acidic environments and its complex pharmacokinetic and physicochemical properties. The experiments were conducted sequentially, employing salting out, ionic gelation, and matrix granulation strategies. Based on the results obtained, the control conditions and parameters for the various trials were established. Results: Among the techniques used, wet granulation proved to be the most promising, achieving a gastro-resistance level of 44%. In contrast, the ionic gelation and salting-out techniques did not yield satisfactory results. Conclusions: The findings of this study underscore the need to adopt alternative formulation strategies to ensure the stability of omeprazole. This goal requires a multidisciplinary approach and continuous effort to design omeprazole formulations that meet quality standards and appropriate gastro-resistance requirements.
Analysis of the Energy Expenditure of Sports School Activities in Children
Authors: González-Devesa Daniel , Sanchez-Lastra Miguel Adriano , Ayán-Pérez Carlos , Blanco-Martínez Nerea , Soutullo Rivas María , Vidal-Mariño María , Varela Silvia
Published: August 2024

(1) Background: This study explores the potential energy expenditure associated with participation in after-school sports activities among primary school children. (2) Methods: The study involved 129 children age (11.35 ± 0.55 years) recruited from eight different public after-school sport programs. (3) Results: Data analyses revealed significant differences between the eight sports in total calories per session, calories per minute, and METs (p < 0.05). All sports showed higher energy expenditure compared to chess (p < 0.05), with soccer and rugby exhibiting the highest energy expenditure per session. Team sports showed elevated energy consumption per session (p < 0.01, r > 0.30), calories per minute (p = 0.01, r > 0.40), and METs (p < 0.01, r > 0.40) in comparison with individual sports. (4) Conclusions: These findings enhance our understanding of the energy expenditure observed in primary school children following various after-school sports activities. The results indicate that team sports, in particular, are pivotal in elevating physical activity levels, thereby playing an essential role in fostering healthier lifestyles among children.
Modelling Climate Effects on Site Productivity and Developing Site Index Conversion Equations for Jack Pine and Trembling Aspen Mixed Stands
Authors: Sharma Mahadev
Published: August 2024

Forest site productivity estimates are crucial for making informed forest resource management decisions. These estimates are valuable both for the tree species currently growing in the stands and for those being considered for future stands. Current models are generally designed for pure stands and do not account for the influence of climate on tree growth. Consequently, site index (SI) conversion equations were developed specifically for jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) trees grown in naturally originated mixed stands. This work involved sampling 186 trees (93 of each species) from 31 even-aged mixed stands (3 trees per species per site) across Ontario, Canada. Stem analysis data from these trees were utilized to develop stand height growth models by incorporating climate variables for each species. The models were developed using a mixed effects modelling approach. The SI of one species was correlated with that of the other species and climate variables to establish SI conversion equations. The effect of climate on site productivity was evaluated by projecting stand heights at four geographic locations (east, center, west, and far west) in Ontario from 2022 to 2100 using the derived stand height growth models. Height projections were made under three emissions scenarios reflecting varying levels of radiative forcing by the end of the century (2.6, 4.5, and 8.5 watts m−2). Climate effects were observed to vary across different regions, with the least and most pronounced effects noted in the central and far western areas, respectively, for jack pine, while effects were relatively similar across all locations for trembling aspen. Stand heights and SIs of jack pine and trembling aspen trees grown in naturally originated mixed stands can be estimated using the height growth models developed here. Similarly, SI conversion equations enable the estimation of the SI for one species based on the SI of another species and environmental variables.
The Impact of Lunch Timing on Nap Quality
Authors: Fudge Jennifer E. , Peterson Emily T. , Koe Shae-Lynn M. , Dringenberg Hans C.
Published: August 2024

Purpose: Previous research has established that food intake is a biological regulator of the human sleep–wake cycle. As such, the timing of eating relative to sleep may influence the quality of sleep, including daytime naps. Here, we examine whether the timing of lunch (1 h vs. 2 h interval between lunch and a napping opportunity) impacts the quality of an afternoon nap. Methods: Using a randomized within-subject design over two separate experimental sessions (7 days apart), participants (n = 40, mean age = 25.8 years) consumed lunch 1 h and 2 h prior to an afternoon nap opportunity. Polysomnography and subjective self-reports were used to assess sleep architecture, sleepiness levels, and nap quality. Results: Results revealed no significant differences in subjective ratings of sleep quality and sleepiness, or in sleep architecture (total sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency, sleep stages) between the 1 h and 2-h lunch conditions. Conclusions: All sleep measures were similar when napping followed eating by either 1 h or 2 h, suggesting that eating closer to nap onset may not negatively impact sleep architecture and quality. Future research should continue to identify conditions that improve nap quality, given the well-documented benefits of naps to reduce sleep pressure and improve human performance.
Polymer-Gel-Derived PbS/C Composite Nanosheets and Their Photoelectronic Response Properties Studies in the NIR
Authors: Ma Xingfa , Zhang Xintao , Gao Mingjun , Wang You , Li Guang
Published: August 2024

Non-conjugated polymer-derived functional nanocomposites are one of the important ways to develop multifunctional hybrids. By increasing the degree of crosslinking, their photophysical properties can be improved. PbS is a class of narrow bandgap infrared active materials. To avoid aggregation and passivation of the surface defects of PbS nanomaterials, a large number of organic and inorganic ligands are usually used. In this study, PbS/C composite nanosheets were synthesized with Pb2+ ion-crosslinked sodium alginate gel by one-pot carbonization. The resulting nanosheets were coated on untreated A4 printing paper, and the electrodes were the graphite electrodes with 5B pencil drawings. The photocurrent signals of the products were measured using typical 650, 808, 980, and 1064 nm light sources. The results showed that the photocurrent switching signals were effectively extracted in the visible and near-infrared regions, which was attributed to the mutual passivation of defects during the in situ preparation of PbS and carbon nanomaterials. At the same time, the resulting nanocomposite exhibited electrical switching responses to the applied strain to a certain extent. The photophysical and defect passivation mechanisms were discussed based on the aggregation state of the carbon hybrid and the interfacial electron interaction. This material would have potential applications in broadband flexible photodetectors, tentacle sensors, or light harvesting interdisciplinary areas. This study provided a facile approach to prepare a low-cost hybrid with external stimulus response and multifunctionality. These results show that the interfacial charge transfer is the direct experimental evidence of interfacial interaction, and the regulation of interfacial interaction can improve the physical and chemical properties of nanocomposites, which can meet the interdisciplinary application. The interdisciplinary and application of more non-conjugated polymer systems in some frontier areas will be expanded upon.
Evaluation of Microbial Degradation of Thermoplastic and Thermosetting Polymers by Environmental Isolates
Authors: Nuccetelli Pierluca , Maisto Francesca , Kraková Lucia , Grilli Alfredo , Takáčová Alžbeta , Šišková Alena Opálková , Pangallo Domenico
Published: August 2024

In this study, a microbial–enzymatic strategy was pursued to address the challenge of degrading thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers. Environmental microorganisms were isolated, and their enzymatic activities were assessed using colorimetric assays to evaluate their potential for producing enzymes capable of degrading these polymers. Microorganisms demonstrating higher activity in the enzymatic assays were selected for a 30-day biodegradation experiment, in which epoxy resins, polyethylene terephthalate, or polystyrene served as the sole carbon source. The effectiveness of biodegradation was assessed through the ATR-FTIR analysis of the chemical composition and the SEM examination of surface characteristics before and after degradation. The results indicated that thermoplastic compounds were more susceptible to microbial degradation, exhibiting greater changes in absorbance. In particular, PET treated with Stenotrophomonas sp. showed the most significant efficacy, achieving a 60.18% reduction in the area under the curve with a standard error of ± 3.42 when analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy. Significant alterations in surface morphology were noticed in thermoplastic compounds. In contrast, thermosetting compounds demonstrated lower reactivity, as evidenced by the absence of band shifts in FTIR spectra and minor changes in bond absorbance and surface morphology.
Microorganisms in Red Ceramic Building Materials—A Review
Authors: Stanaszek-Tomal Elżbieta
Published: August 2024

Ceramic materials have a very long tradition of use in construction. Their durability is related to the surface of the material and the action of the corrosive environment. One of the corrosive factors acting on ceramic materials is microorganisms. They can contribute to the deterioration of the technical and performance properties of building materials. Aesthetic, physical, and chemical deterioration are considered to be the main destructive processes in ceramic materials. This work shows how the different types of the most commonly used ceramic materials, i.e., brick and tiles, are damaged. Each of these types is susceptible to microbial growth. Most microorganisms that occur on ceramic materials produce staining substances and thus form coloured biofilms. The direct action of metabolic products secreted by organisms on inorganic substrates is the main cause of chemical biodeterioration. Therefore, this work presents the impact of microorganisms on ceramic building materials.
On Low-Velocity Impact Response and Compression after Impact of Hybrid Woven Composite Laminates
Authors: Li Yumin , Jin Yongxing , Chang Xueting , Shang Yan , Cai Deng’an
Published: August 2024

This paper aims to study the low-velocity impact (LVI) response and compression after impact (CAI) performance of carbon/aramid hybrid woven composite laminates employed in marine structures subjected to different energy impacts. The study includes a detailed analysis of the typical LVI responses of hybrid woven composite laminates subjected to the impact with three different energies, as well as a comparative analysis of cracks and internal delamination damage within impact craters. Additionally, the influence of different impact energies on the residual compressive strength of hybrid woven composite laminate is investigated through CAI tests and a comparative analysis of internal delamination damage is also conducted. The results indicate that as the impact energy increases, the impact load and CAI strength show a decreasing trend, while impact displacement and impact dent show an increasing trend. The low-velocity impact tests revealed a range of failure modes observed in the hybrid woven composite laminates. Depending on the specific combination of fiber materials and their orientations, the laminates exhibited different failure mechanisms. Buckling failures were observed in the uppermost composite layers of laminates with intermediate modulus systems. In contrast, laminates with higher modulus systems showed early damage in the form of delamination within the top surface layers.