bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
larval rearing of the white leg shrimp Penaeus vannamei and the first culture laboratory in Iraq, Basrah
Authors: Ghazi A.H. , Ali M. A. , AL-Noor S. S.
Published: March 2023

In the study we cultured the shrimp L. vannamei (initial weight 0.0004 g) under laboratory conditions in marine science center and using three types of food. These were life food (Artemia nauplii), artificial died and mixed food (Artemia nauplii and artificial died). The highest average weight were achieved when feeding on the mixed feed (1.210 g), while, lower values achieved when fed on artificial diets 0.220 g. There are significant differences (P<0.05) between these three food types. A similar results were obtained for growth in terms of length, the highest average length of larvae after six weeks was achieved when fed on the mixed food (36.58 mm ), comparing with these larvae fed on Artemia and artificial feed were 31.11 and 18.72 mm respectively, and there are difference significantly too (P < 0.05) between the three food types. The highest average weight increment was recorded during the sixth week with mixed food it was 0.55 g, compared with 0.23g and 0.12 g for Artemia and artificial diets respectively. The higher survival rates after sixth week were calculated for the three treatments, the high survival in larvae fed on Artemia it was 90.58 %, while, these fed on mixed food and artificial diet it was 85.62% and 73.24 % respectively.
Population biology of the Hilsa Shad Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822) during migration to Shatt Al-arab River and southern Al-Hammar marsh, Basra-Iraq
Authors: Al-Mukhtar Mustafa A. , Mutlak Falah M. , Mahdi Amal A.
Published: March 2023

Hilsa Shad Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822) is one of the most important commercial fish species in Iraq and the region. Fish samples were collected during March 2013-April 2014 from Shatt Al-arab Estuary in Al-FAW city, Abu al-Khasib city, Sinbad Island and south Al-Hammar marsh. The first individuals were caught during February with length ranging 30.5-35.4cm in the estuary and the Shatt al-Arab. Monthly changes were found in mean fish length. The estuary region showed a marked increase in the average length of fish during June and November. The age composition was 0-V+ year. Length-Weight relationships were y=0.0086x3.067 for females, y=0.0119x2.947 for males, y=0.0141x2.833 for juveniles, y=0.0098x3.01 for male and female and y=0.0093x3.0304 for the overall population. The average relative condition factor (Kn) for female was 1.07 (± 0.12) ranging from 0.61-1.04. For males it reached 1.09 (± 0.125) ranging between 0.72-1.47. For young the mean was 1.21 (± 0.149) ranging from 0.66 to 1.73. The proportional size distribution showed that stock length was 13 cm, whereas the calculated specified lengths of Hilsa shad were 23, 29, 35 and 44 cm for quality, preferred memorable and trophy lengths respectively. The value of PSD Hilsa shad population was 60.7, which represents a balanced population consists a large proportion of breeding individuals. However, the decline in other specified lengths showed that Hilsa shad population was mostly medium-sized fishes, with RSD-T value of 3.8.
Study of some reproductive aspects of Penaeus semisulcatus shrimp in marine Iraqi water, North West Arabian Gulf
Authors: Ghazi Abdul-Hussein H.
Published: March 2023

The reproductive periods of Penaeus semisulcatus were investigated from July 2013 to Jun 2014, the results shows two reproductive peaks in this species, the first was in May and the second in December. Five stages were detected for oval development, these were: Immature, early mature, late mature, full mature and spent. The females have more weights have heaver ovaries.
Viral Diseases of Some Species from Penaeid Shrimp in Iraqi marine waters
Authors: Jassim Abdul Amer Reheim , Al-Salim Nadirah Kadhim
Published: March 2023

A total of 140 specimens of penaeid shrimps from Metapenaeus affinis and Penaeus semisulcatus were collected from different parts of Iraqi coastal waters to detect three species of viruses Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis virus (IHHNV), White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) and Monodon Baculovirus (MBV). PCR and nest PCR used to identify the viruses. The main important results in this study were detection two of more important viruses, (IHHNV) and (WSSV). So, we thought the studied shrimp was not suitable for aquaculture stock without screening because which may play a vertical and horizontal vector role. This study represents the first attempt to detect viral shrimp diseases in Iraq.
Reproduction strategy of Arabian carpetshark Chiloscyllium arabicum (Gubanov, 1980) in Iraqi marine water
Authors: Al-Lammy Jinan Hassan , Hassan Sajid Saad , Resen Amjad Khathim
Published: March 2023

Reproduction strategy of Arabian carpetshark Chiloscyllium arabicum were studied in Iraqi marine water from January, 2014 to December, 2015. A total of 475 Arabian carpetshark (260 female and 215 male) were cached by trawling net of Bahith Ship (related to Marine Science Center). Results appeared the occurrence of seven length groups and the length-weight relationship was represented by the following equations: W= 0.000006 × L 2.91. Hepato somatic index (HIS) was differ according to maturing conditions of males and females, where highest value (11.906) of HSI for females recorded at October and lowest value (6.908) recorded at June. There were negative correlation between oil ratio of female’s liver and maturing condition. Smallest matured female was 421 ml in total length and 785.23 g in weight, while smallest matured male was 401 in total length and 693.14 in weight. The cycle of gonad maturation was divided into three stages: immature, maturing and mature for males and females. The GSI values were different during study period, where highest values (8.84 and 7.93) for females recorded during April and May respectively and lowest value (0.73) during June, while highest value (6.74) for males recorded during March and lowest value (0.66) during May. Monthly differences in GSI especially for females refers that spawning period extended from May to June. This result can be supported by gonad inspection for males and females.
The effect of Phenolic extract of the green alga Chara vulgaris on the Cysticercus of Taenia taeniaeformis
Authors: Al-Sultan Emad Yousif , Abdullah Basim Hashim , Al-waeli Aqeel Abdulsahib
Published: March 2023

The present study was made to observe the effect of phenolic extract isolated from the green alga Chara vulgaris on the larval stage (Cysticercus) of Taenia taeniaeformis in mice infected in the laboratory compared with two sets of control and Albendazole drug. It found The phenolic extract, after 3 days of treatment has more effect on the larval stage of T.taeniaeformis from Albendazole drug.The lowest average number of live larvae was 3.75 larvae at concentrations of 0.065 and 0.115 mg/kg of the phenolic extract and the highest average was5 larvae at the concentrations of 0.015 and 0.2 mg/kg of phenolic extract and Albendazole, respectively, while the lowest average number of dead larvae reached 2.5 larva by the same two concentrations.The highest average reached 6 larvae at the concentration of 0.115 mg/kg of phenolic extract, while the lowest percentage of dead larvae was 33.33% at the concentration of 0.015 and 0.2 mg/kg of phenolic extract and Albendazole, respectively.The highest percentage (61.53%) at the concentration of 0.115 mg/kg of the phenolic extract.The higher therapeutic efficiency was (63.96%) at the concentrations 0.065 and 0.115 mg/kg of the phenolicextract and the lowest the rapeutic efficiency (51.59%) was at the concentration of 0.015 and 0.2 mg/kg of the phenol and Albendazole, respectively.
Effect of bay laurel (Laurus nobilis) extract as prebiotic on growth and food conversion of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Taher Majid M. , Al-Niaeem Khalidah S. , Al-Saad Safaa A.
Published: March 2023

Effect of prebiotic, bay laurel’s (Laurus nobilis) leaf extract, on growth, food conversion and survival of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was studied in the laboratory. Three concentrations (1% T1, 2% T2 and 3% T3) in addition to control (0%) were used in eight aquaria with two replicates. Experiment was conducted between 1 February to 4 May, 2016 including 21 days for acclimation. Results appeared that highest weight increment (7.63 g) achieved by T2 compared with the lowest (5.42 g) that achieved by control. Results also appeared that no fish mortalities occurred during experiment. Better food conversion (4.56) achieved by T2 compared with 6.59, 5.46 and 5.2 for control, T1 and T3 respectively. Highest daily growth rate (0.099 g/day) was achieved by T2 comparing with (0.07, 0.078 and 0.081) g/day achieved by control, T1 and T3 respectively. Highest specific growth rate (0.975 %/day) was achieved by T2 comparing with other treatments. It was concluded that better results achieved by T2 that 2% of laurel leaf extract was added to fish food.
Landing of Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton - Buchanan, 1822) from the Iraqi marine waters and the southern part of Shatt Al-Arab at Basrah city, Iraq
Authors: Younis Kadhim H. , Jabir Amir A. , Ahmed Arafat R. , Hameed Tark
Published: March 2023

In the present study, data on total fishing of Tenualosa ilisha have been collected from the Iraqi marine waters and the southern part of Shatt Al-Arab which were landed at Basrah city. The study was conducted during the period from January 2013 to December 2013, from 41 Sampling sites (stations). The total number of landed T. ilisha was 1141671 individuals; the highest numbers of landed T. ilisha were obtained during April and May which were 301598 and 339748 individuals with a percentage of 26.4 % and 29.8 % of the total number of landed fishes, respectively. The total weight of the landed T. ilisha was 560.053 tons and its highest level was obtained during March 81.805 tons, April 151.500 tons, May 169.700 tons, and June 117.900 tons with a percentage of 27.05, 14.6, 30.30, and 21.05 % of the total weight of landed T. ilisha then start to decrease to lowest level in January 300 kg, 0.053 % of the total weight of the landed fish. The numbers of the large sized T. ilisha landed (larger than 24 cm) were 1089896 individuals with a total weight of 545,283. The highest number and weight of the landed fishes at Al-FAO station 185520 individuals, 185.520 tons, and the lowest number and weight was at Al-Behar station was 23686 individuals, 23.686 tons. The total number of fishing trips which were catching T. ilisha during 2013 was 11042 sampling trips. The highest fishing trips were recorded during March (1580), April (1512), May (1670), June (1277), July (1177), and the lowest fishing trips were during December (221 trips).
The effect of irrigation with wastewater fish ponds on the quality of peanut, (Arahis hypogeae)
Authors: Othman Ali S. , Abd Al-Aziz M. , Haifa S. , Saad Adib Ali
Published: March 2023

The research was carried out at Alsen research center of the General Authority for Fisheries in the Banias region–Tartus Governorate - during two agricultural seasons 2018-2019, in order to study the effect of irrigation with fish culture effluent on some morphological characteristics and some productive characteristics of peanut yield (Syrian 1). The experiment consisted of five treatments: Irrigation with freshwater. (control, T1), irrigation with fish culture effluent (T2), irrigation alternately with fish culture effluent tri and freshwater once (T3), irrigation alternately with fish culture effluent once and freshwater once (T4), irrigation alternately with fish culture effluent once and freshwater tri (T5). The experiment was done according to the completely randomized block design with three replicates. Soil and water samples were collected and analyzed. Results of the study showed: The irrigation in waste water fish ponds adds positive effect on the morphological characteristics and improves the productive characteristics. It was observed that irrigation with water of mature fish ponds exceeded of the witness.(control). The research concluded to highlight the importance of using the drainage water of fish ponds to irrigate the peanut crop (Syrian-1) for the richness of this water with dissolved solids.
Some reproductive characters of Himantura walga (Müller , 1841) male, in Iraqi marine waters
Authors: Al-Zaidy Faleh , AL-Lami Genan
Published: March 2023

Some reproductive characters of Himantura walga (Müller, 1841)male were studied. The fish were caught from the Iraqi marine waters in the northwest of the Arabian Gulf during the period from January to December 2017. Samples were obtained by fishing boats in the Iraqi marine waters, and 102 males were collected by trawls. The gonadal somatic index was studied in males and were highest in May and September (10.048 , 9.97) respectively, and it decreased in the months February, July, and August (0.452 , 0.654, and 0.664) respectively, the results showed that there were four groups of disk width, the male clasper was also dissected as well as the canal or siphon. The appearance of matures males was observed in May and September, indicating the existence of breeding periods for the studied fish. The relationship between body weight and the disc width of the fish were estimated by formula: T W= 0.00031× (DW) 2.595 as well as the length of the clasper and the disk width of the studied fish.
Macro-invertebrates response to acute salinity changes in the Shatt Al-Arab River system, Southern Iraq
Authors: Mohammed Hanaa H. , Ahmed Huda K. , Altaee Samer Adnan , Ali Malik H.
Published: March 2023

The stress of acute salinity increase on the life of macro-invertebrates in Shatt Al-Arab River system were investigated based on their abundance estimation acute salinity increase during the year 2018,where the salinity of the River at central, Basrah City became above 5 ppt and reached up to 25 ppt. Review work was done to determine the sizes and densities of the species during the normal conditions in past decades (1975-1995). The results of observations, photography and semi-quantitative sampling which were taken during many visits in the years 2012, 2015, 2016, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020 at Al-Salhia, Abo Al-Kassib, Al-Garmma and Al-Gurnah, were expressed in an ordinal six abundant scales (SACFOR), modified for species sizes and densities. All the species were have superabundance or common scale during the period 1975-1995, whereas at 2018-2020 the abundance of all species except M. affinis, were declined in general, 7 species were absent and 3 more were rare. The amphipods Parhyale basrensis, Platorchestia monodi, the isopod Sphaeroma annandalei and the annelid Namalycastis indica were commonly or frequently found at good state indicating their ability to resist the mesohaline conditions, the euryhaline species M. affinis and B. amphitrite weren’t affected. The study concluded that, in case of long term mesohaline conditions, most of the estuarine macro-invertebrates will be unable to persist and may be shifting to the upper reaches of the River.
Biodiversity of annelids and its relationship with sediments being polluted by heavy elements in Shatt Al-Arab
Authors: Abed Hassan B. , Al-Abbad Murtatha Y. , Al-Qarooni Imad H.
Published: March 2023

The present study aims at diagnosing the species of Annelida in the sediment of Shatt Al-Arab and studying their density. The study period  and the sample collection starts from January 2021 up to May 2021. Nine stations lying on Shatt Al-Arab at Basrah district were chosen starting from Qurna station northward to Al-Fao station southward. The study included measuring some environmental factors of water and sediments.  Water temperature ranged between 9-19, 7.2-8.6 for pH, 5.8-9.1 Mg/ltr for dissolved oxygen, 2.1-29.5 ppt for salinity concentrations. In sediments, the percentage of TOC was 0.25-1.03 %.

 Three species of Annelida were diagnosed in the study stations, two of them belong to Namalycastis indica, Dendronereides heteropoda. The third species belongs to Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri. The density of the diagnosed Annelida during the study period were recorded. It ranged between 1550-3709 individual/m2 for Polychaeta species while for L. hoffmeisteri, the density ranged between 2159-8885 individual/m2. The distribution of diagnosed Annelida into longitudinal classes was studied and it recorded the least appearance rates of the D. heteropda species in the 40-50 mm class in most of the study stations while the highest appearance was recorded for the 1-10mm class in a number of stations. N. indica has recorded the least appearance rates for 40-50 class mm in most of the study stations, however, it has recorded the highest rates of appearance for 30-40 mm class in four stations. For the L. hoffmeisteri species, the least rate of appearance was recorded for 18-21 mm class in some stations, while the highest rate of appearance was recorded for 3-6mm in many stations.   The statistical analysis showed that temperature, pH, and salinity are directly related to the density of both species of Annelida while the dissolved oxygen is directly related to the density of L. hoffmeisteri (r=0.470) and inversely with  Polychaeta species (r=-0.094).
Morphoscopic changes in Iraqi territorial waters and their border repercussions
Authors: Al-Mahmood Hassan K.
Published: March 2023

The present study includes the analysis of the morphological change in the Iraqi coast line in Khor Abdullah and the entrance to the Shatt Al-Arab (Al-Ruka Channel), as the northwestern region of the Arabian Gulf is exposed for different erosion and depositions due to the suspended sedimentary load, The comparison between the periods studied showed severe erosion in some coastal areas and depositions in other parts, which led to changes in the shape and extension of the barriers or the sedimentary tongues and made them prominent, especially in the shallow sites (shoals) areas at the entrance to Khor Abdullah and Khor Shaitanah, and those changed parts appear in the maps of the British Admiralty, which draw detailed curves surrounding the varying depths. The extension of the suspended sedimentary load at the head of the Arabian Gulf amounted to 11,014 km2 in the year 2003, which expanded in 2011 to 12,680 km2, by adding suspended sediments about 1,676 km2 to 6,452,600 tons over 8 years, at a rate of 806.575 tons annually, or 8.5% of the volume of suspended sediments in 1996 due to the decrease of the river flows from the Tigris, Euphrates and Karun. The line of the lowest tide (zero line) showed a change in the cross-section of the Iraqi waterway lines that it shares with Iran and Kuwait, affecting the location of the approved border line between Iraq and Kuwait, and the largest change was in the width of the entrance to the Shatt Al-Arab (Al-Ruka Channel), and this was influenced by the erosion, sedimentation patterns and deflection of tidal currents, as well as the temporary effect of port activities in Khor Abdullah. The extension of Abdullah’s Marqat at Ras Al-Bishah reached 15.5 km in 2003, its extension became 17.2 km in 2019 with a vary range of 1.7 km in 16 years, which has increased at lower rates in recent years due to the decrease in the sedimentary load of rivers to legalize water releases. The maximum change in Khor Abdullah in the middle part was 453 meters, which is a contraction in favor of Kuwait at a rate of 453 meters, and in the middle of the Al-Ruka Channel with an average width of 403 meters in favor of Iran, expansion in favor of Iraq was at a rate of 152 and 42 meters at the entrance and middle of Khor Shaitana.
Study of organic pollution indicators in two stations of the Garmat Ali River, Basra, Iraq
Authors: Ahmed Mayada H. , Abdullah Abdulaziz M. , Nasir Noori A.N.
Published: March 2023

Water is one of the most important natural sources for sustaining life, as human life and various activities depend on it. The current study dealt with knowing the effect of organic pollution on physical and chemical properties in  Garmat Ali river, which was represented in  two stations, the first station called Al-Mashab, and the second Al-Sindbad. Water and sediment samples were collected monthly during the period from August, 2016 to July, 2017.

Numbers of physical and chemical variables were measured during this period (water temperature, light penetration, pH, Salinity, dissolved oxygen, biological demand oxygen, chemical demand oxygen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total organic carbon in sediment). The results of the study was showed that water temperature were ranged between 13.2-31.3°C for the first station and 13.4-33.1°C  for the second station. The light penetration values were ​​ranged between 20.6-58.5 cm for the first station and 35-65 cm for the second station. The pH values were ​​ranged between 7.5-8.6 for the first station and 7.5-8.5 for the second station. Salinity values were ​​ranged between 1.58-3.16 g/l for the first station and 0.92-2.13 g/l for the second station. Dissolved oxygen values were ​​ranged between 4.66-10.8 mg/l for the first station and 11.85-6.26 mg/l for the second station. The values ​​of BOD5 were ​​ranged between 1.1-4.26 mg/l for the first station and 0.75-4.06 mg/l for the station. The values ​​of the COD were ranged between 8-120 mg/l for the first station and 8-61 mg/l for the second station. Total nitrogen values were ​​ranged between 2.8-29.4 mg/l for the first station and 2.4-33.6 mg/l for the second station. The total phosphorus values were ​​ranged between 1.11-19.6 mg/l for the first station and between 1.24-19.98 mg/l for the second station. Total organic carbon values were ​​ranged between 0.36-2.19% for the first station and 0.32-2.94% for the second station. The two stations were recorded a little increased in organic pollution levels during summer months and first station (Al-Mashab) was most affected.
Study of some physical and chemical properties of the southern part of Al-Hawizeh Marsh/ Southern of Iraq
Authors: Saki Safa H. , Al-Shaheen Maitham A.
Published: March 2023

Some physical and chemical properties of the water quality at the Al-Hawizeh Marsh Southern of Iraq studied seasonally during the period from October 2020 to July 2021 at four stations. The studied factors included air and water temperature, pH, transparency, water salinity, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, nitrate, phosphate, silicate and chloride ion. The results of the current study showed that the water of the southern Al-Hawizeh Marsh has high average concentrations of salinity (9.2 ppt), electrical conductivity (14.8 mS/cm) and chloride (1749.4 mg/l), as it rise to record high values ​​by a large difference from the previous local studies, and thus it is more saline than the northern part of Al-Hawizeh Marsh due to the impact of the drought extending for nine consecutive years, which threatens to change a large area in the marsh environment may lead, in the event of the continuation of the current situation of lack of water revenues and the deterioration of environmental factors of the southern Al-Hawizeh marsh, to affect the important biodiversity of this vital area.
New record of six Brachionus species from the South of Iraq
Authors: Hassan Hala F. , Ali Malik H. , Al-Badran Adnan I.
Published: March 2023

In this survey, six species of Brachionus genus are indexed as new record in the south Iraqi water resource at the first time in Iraq depending on the sequence of 18S rRNA gene,  these species  were registered as a new  record in Iraq and the other two species which are  HH1 and HH2 were registered in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), The European  Nucleotide  Archive (ENA) and DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ) sequentially.
A review of the Cladocera in Basrah, Iraq
Authors: Ajeel Shaker G.
Published: March 2023

Sixty-five species of freshwater Cladocera belong to twenty-two Genera are reported from Basrah city, based on 15 studies mentioned the species of Cladocera in addition to seven other studies reported only density of Cladocera group. The maximum density of Cladocera was 91225 (ind./m3) recording at Shatt Al-Arab- Al-Hartha region.
FIRST STUDY ON THE USAGE OF OVAPRIM FOR THE INDUCED SPAWNING OF COMMON CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO) IN BASRAH - IRAQ
Authors: Almukhtar MUSTAF A. , ALNOOR SAJD S. , FADAGH M. S. , ABDULKAREEM TAQI
Published: March 2023

The synthetic hormonal product Ovaprime was used for the induced spawning of Cyprinus carpio , in comparson with the Pituitary gland extract. The study was done in Basrah univ. Marine Sience Center freshwater fish hatchery. The Ovaprime is an Analog of Gonadotropine releasing hormone of salmon (sGnRHa) as well as Domperidone as Dopamine Antagonist. The first fish group of C.carpio was injected with 0.5 ml of Ovaprime in one dose , while the second ( control) group was injected with PG extract in two dose ( 0.3mg/kg as a first & 3.0 mg/Kg as a second dose). The results showed that the usage of Ovaprime gives better results than PG extract in the performing parameters of induced spawning. Average Ova weight provided by hand stripping was higher in Ovaprime treatment. The average ova weight per body weight was also higher in Ovaprime (11.97%) compaired with 7.245% for PG, but these results were not statisticaly significant . With Ovaprime all the fishes had free flowing Ova while half of the fishes had free flowing ova in PG injected fishes. Fertilization rate was higher (95%) with Ovaprime, and this was highly significant differences from PG. Hatching rate was increased by Ovaprime to reach 93.75% while it was 83.75% for PG,it was also significant differences. In addition to that it was seen that the usage of Ovaprime is more practical in the hatchery management work..also It was found that Ovaprime is cheapest than the usage of PG extraction during the study period.
POST- NAUPLIAR STAGES OF"ACARTIA (ACARTIELLA) FAOENSIS" , KHALAF (COPEPODA : CALANOIDA ), FROM KHOR AL-ZUBAIR SOUTH OF IRAQ
Authors: Khalaf TALIB A.
Published: March 2023

Acartia (Acartiella ) faoensis has been established by the author,(Khalaf, 1991) from Khor Al-Zubair and Khor Abdulla NW Arabian Gulf. It passes through six copepodite stages identical with most other copepods; the last stage is the adult. Description, illustration and measurements for every stage are presented.
SOME NOTES ON MELANOPSIDAE (GASTROPODA) OF MESOPOTAMIA
Authors: NASER MURTADA D.
Published: March 2023

An investigation to clarify some obscurity about Melanopsidae was performed on specimens collected from different sites of the South of Iraq. Three different morphs were recognized, two are widespread: Melanopsis costata and Melanopsis nodosa, the other Melanopsis subtingitana has a narrow distributions. Key words: Melanopsidae; Melanopsis costata; Melanopsis nodosa; Melanopsis subtingitana; South of Iraq
ACTIVITY DETERMINATION OF PLANT EXTRACTS IN THE CONTROL OF CYANOBACTERIA.
Authors: JAWAD ABDUL- LATEEF M.
Published: March 2023

Some Iraqi plants which belonging to different families were extracted in 80% Ethanol and the ability of these extracts to control and growth of Cyanobacteria was evaluated. Results indicated that Artemisia campestris, Achillia santolina, Artemisia herba-alba and Centurea khotchii extracts were very active in inhibiting the growth of the test Cyanobacterial species. However, other plants extracts in this study did not show any promising algicidal potencies.
Preliminary Observations on the Sperm Biology of (Bunnei Barbus sarpeyi, 1874) after Hormone Injection and Preservation
Authors: Al-Mukhtar Mustafa A. , Al- Noor Saged S. , Al-Zaidy Faleh M.
Published: March 2023

Observations on the sperm biology of Bunnei (Barbus sharpeyi), after hormone injection perm activity for the injected fish ranged between 85 % - 100 %. The most amazing finding was the sperm activity of the collected semen from deceased fish after one hour was 90 %, and it has the highest activity time(120 sec.), this time was higher than that for the Bunnei from Al-Therthar reservoir during spawning season. The sperm volume was very low (1- 0.4 ml). which is a characteristic of this species. The sperm concentration ranged between (25.85 - 40.69) × 109 , and it is also higher than that for Bunnei in Al-Therthar reservoir.
GROWTH RATES OF YOUNG BUNI Barbus sharpeyi (GUNTHER,1874) AND COMMON CARP Cyprinus carpio L. UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS
Authors: Al-Hamadany Qusay Hamid
Published: March 2023

Fishes of buni ,(Barbus sharpeyi (Gunther,1874)) with average weight (20.13 ± 1.77) gm and common carp ,(Cyprinus carpio) with average weight (20.63 ± 0.56) gm were reared in eight plastic aquariums of 15 L cabacity. Four treatments (two replicates) were carried out as following:(1) 10 common carp per aquarium, (2) 8 buni and 8 common carp in one aquaria, (3) 6 buni and 6 common carp in another aquarium and (4) 10 buni per aquarium. Artificial food (29.31 % protein) was fed to the fishes once daily 3 % of body weight.Water temperature was 26-28ºC, Oxygen concentration 6.2 mg/L and pH 8.1. Results showed no significant (P>0.05) differences between buni in 2 ,3 ,4 treatments, however fish in treatments 4 (0.059 gm) mean growth rate showed better growth than of fish in both 2 , 3 (0.053 , 0.056gm). The experiment showed highest growth parameters of common carp compared with buni .This may be due to its efficiency in utilization of food comparing to buni, which showed lower growth parameters. More experiments are needed, using different types of diets to achieve better growth of buni .
ABIOTIC ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THREE SELECTED FISH FARMS IN BABYLON AND BASRAH PROVINCES, IRAQ.
Authors: Hussein S. A. , Abed J. M. , Salem N. K.
Published: March 2023

The study is part of a comprehensive work to investigate impact of fish enemies on cultivated species. It has taken in consideration some vital abiotic characteristics necessary for cultivated fishes. Three fish farms were selected in two provinces, namely Al-Manahel fish farm (presently called Al-Belad) in Babylon province; Basrah University fish farm (Marine Science Center) and Al-Mutawaa fish farm situated south to city of Basrah. Water samples were monitored on monthly basis for the period from January to October 2002. Several parameters namely, temperature, pH, salinity, total alkalinity and total hardness were measured. The highest water temperature (31ºC) was recorded in July and August from Al-Mutawaa fish farm and the maximum pH value 8.0 was encountered during January from Basrah university fish farm and the lowest pH= 7.2 in May from the same farm. Results indicate a notable rise in salinity in Al-Mutawaa fish farm and the highest (6.0 g/L) encountered in June and the lowest (2.8 g/L) in March. The maximum concentration of total alkalinity (172 mg/L) was from Al-Mutawaa as well recorded in September. Values of total hardness were almost similar in Al- Manahel and Basrah university fish farms, but the latter revealed a bit higher value in May (581 mg/L), whereas Al-Mutawaa fish farm showed, by no means, the highest concentrations all the year round, but the maximum (880 mg/L) was detected in March.
A review of the world wide work on the breeding and production of Groupers
Authors: Al Mukhtar Mustafa A.
Published: March 2023

The Groupers fishes consist many important marketable species, in the world and the Gulf region, but it's populations were gravely reduced. The production of Groupers was either by fisheries- based aquaculture, or by artificial breeding. The baby Groupers were caught during early summer from the costal waters, estuaries and tidal pools. The Groupers are mostly Protogynous hermaphrodites, and the hormones implantation were used for sex reverse. The enrichment of the brooders diet must be done with polyunsaturated fatty acids, that to amelioration the eggs quality and increasing larval quality and survival rate. The hormone injection was used either for artificial insemination or semi-natural breeding. The induced brooders were placed in spawning tanks, and then the floating fertilized eggs were collected by collecting funnel. The hatching troughs were used for hatching the fertilized eggs. The larvae could be produced in raceways, earthen ponds, and outside cement tanks. The live food must produce in the hatchery for the feeding of the newly hatching larvae. Then the fingerlings could be reared to marketing size for a period of 6-8 months.
Using vitamin C and sodium bentonite as food additives in the diets of common carp Cyprinus carpio L.
Authors: Al_Dubakel A.Y. Al_Dubakel , Al_Sanaban M.A .
Published: March 2023

An experiments were conducted in open culture system to study the effect of food additives i.e. vitamin C and sodium bentonite to improve the diets characteristics of common carp Cyprinus carpio in concentrations 100, 250 and 500 mg vitamin C/ kg diet and 10, 20 and 30 gm S.B./ kg diet. The results indicate that there was a significant differences (P<0.01) between diets contain additives superior than diets without it (control) the weight increase in fish were 49.03 gm(500 mg vitamin C), 50.79 gm ( S.B. 30 gm) while it was 40 gm in control diets. Also the values of relative growth rates increased (38.35, 40.23 and 31.33 % respectively) and specific growth rats (0.46, 0.48 and 0.39 % wt/day respectively). A distinct effect was noticed of these additives on the food conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and productive protein value (PPV).While no significant differences (P>0.01) were noticed between diets in food in take which ranged between 2.62 to 3.43 % from body weight .The body protein levels were increased (16.36 – 21.00 %) compared to it level before experiments (15.59) .The diets contain all levels of vit.C and 20 gm of sodium bentonite showed high protein digestibility. The feces weight increased with vit.C level but decreased with sodium bentonite level. It was concluded from the present study that food additives are economically important to increase growth and food efficiency which in turn lowering fish production cost.
Catch rates of marine fish species from Shatt Al- Basrah Canal, Southern Iraq
Authors: Taher Majid Makky , Resen Amjed Kadhum , Mohamed Sadiq Jawad
Published: March 2023

Monthly fish samples were collected from one location at Shatt Al- Basrah Canal from July 2008 to June 2009, using coastal seine net of dimensions 80 m length and 8 m height with a mesh size 10×10 mm. Water temperature, salinity and water transparency were measured. Fishes were identified in the laboratory and total lengths and weights were measured. Catch per unit of effort was estimated for 22 species collected during the sampling period. The a biotic factors exhibited monthly fluctuations, especially in salinity and water temperature. The water temperatures were varied between 12 and 31.5 ºC, and the range of salinity gradient was 5.5-47.5 ppt., however the water transparency showed less variation (37.1-61 cm). Catch per unit of effort found to be zero in December, while the highest catch rate was 39.9 kg / h for Liza subviridis during July and the lowest was 0.02 kg / h for many species during several months. Basing on average as total, the highest average of catch rate was 5.89 kg / h for Liza subviridis, followed by 2.96 kg / h for Liza klunzingeri, while the lowest was 0.14 kg / h for Brachirus orientalis. The two mugilid species Liza subviridis and Liza klunzingeri) consisted 69 % of the overall catch rate and 75 % of the commercial catch rate. The catch rate of Johnius belangerii showed the highest significant positive correlation coefficient (0.72) with temperature, however highest non significant negative correlation was -0.37 for Sillago arabica. For salinity, the results revealed that the highest significant positive correlation was 0.74 with the catch rate of Johnius belangerii and thehighest significant negative correlation (-0.54) with Sillago sihama. The correlations with water transparency showed that the highest significant positive correlation was 0.66 with Acanthopagrus latus and highest non significant negative correlation (-0.39) with Sillago arabica.
Some reproductive characters of the fantail goldfish Carassius auratus auratus females from rearing ponds in Basrah, Southern Iraq.
Authors: Najim Salah M. , Al-Mudhaffar Raja A.A. , Jassim Furat K.
Published: March 2023

This study was carried out to determine some reproductive characteristics of the fantail goldfish Carassius auratus auratus females (standard length 69-224 mm. and total weight 21.1- 255.35 g.) from rearing ponds in Basrah province, Southern Iraq. Standard length, total weight, gonad weight, absolute fecundity, relative fecundity, gonadosomatic index (GSI) and egg diameter were determined from October 2010 to April 2011 in 77 fantail goldfish females. Results showed that the studied reproductive parameters increased gradually from October, to attain peak in March and decreased again thereafter. Absolute fecundity ranged between 2877- 357246 eggs, GSI 7.28-19.11 and egg diameter 298-1006 micron. Regression relationships between the various studied morphometric and reproductive parameters were calculated and the importance of these results to the culturists of this commercially important ornamental fish species was discussed.
Water quality study for Southern part of Al- Hammar marsh
Authors: AL-Shamary A.Ch. , Yonis K.H. , AL.Zawar J.K.
Published: March 2023

The Present study was Include some physical and chemical characteristics for east southern AL-Hammar marsh south of Iraq during November 2006 to November 2007 .The Samples were collected on monthly two stations, first AL-Nagarah and second ALBurgah, monthly change for temperature. The highest temperature value in august 30mºand 25mº for two station respectively, wheel lowest value in February 11mº to first station and January 10mº to second station. highest of salinity in Ogest 2 part thousand in first station and July 1.8 part thousand in second station, ammonia, Nitrite values were decreased generally and phosphates highest values, monthly changes for ecological characteristics in the first and second study, and all environmental characteristics monthly deferent between two station . The calculate coloration coefficient between physical and chemical characteristics. Positive and Negative relation. There were significant differences (F-test) (P<0.05) between two station respectively.
Intralipid blocks the entry of the SARS-Cov2/COVID/19 virus into cells by maintaining receptor a leucine-rich repeat containing 15 (LRRC15), an angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor competitor.
Authors: Vasilieva Irina , Vasilieva Maria , Vasiliev Ilie
Published: March 2023

The effectiveness of Intralipid against SARS-Cov2/COVID/19 with Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) prevention or regression is described in the original scientific paper [1]. Intralipid at Oxidative and Nitro-Galogenic stress in patients with SARS-Cov2 / COVID /19, favors the predominance of the membrane-cytoprotective action of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) / Reactive Nitrogen Species (ROS/RNS) over the membrane-to-destructive action, restoring the balance between [ROS /AS] / [RNS / ANOS]. Membrane-cytoprotective mechanism Intralipid is due to a decrease in ROS and RNS and an increase in the activity of the Antioxidant System (AS) and Anti Nitro Oxidant System (ANOS), stopping lipid peroxidation (LPO), reducing Electro-Ion Membrane Distress Syndrome (Maria&Irina Vasilieva syndrome) [2], accelerates the regeneration of endothelial and epithelial cells of the alveolar acinus, restoring gas-respiratory metabolism and the predominance of physiological cell apoptosis over necrosis. Intralipid at SARS-Cov 2 / COVID / 19 opposes Microcirculatory Mitochondrial Distress syndrome (MMDS) by Microcirculatory - Mitochondrial Recruitment; as a result of which pCO2 (AVgap) <6 mm Hg, since LPO decreases and at the level of mitochondrial membranes, improving the function of Mitochondrial permeability transition pore-dependent Ca uniporter, mPT pore, support energy metabolism, eliminating energy deficits, restoring Extreme / Abnormal myelopoiesis and impaired autophagy (mitophagy). Thus, Intralipid has been shown in the strategy of targeted treatment of LPO in Oxidative and Nitro-Galogenic stress in patients with SARS-Cov2 /COVID / 19.
REVISITING GENDER SENSITIVITY IN THE CLIMATE CHANGE POLICIES OF BANGLADESH
Authors: Debnath Dipty ,   Bangladesh Institute of Law and International Affairs (BILIA)
Published: March 2023

Gender and climate change are inextricably linked, particularly in a country like Bangladesh, where the lack of gender awareness has been a significant issue. Because of how they make a living, their responsibilities and limitations in a society, and their special dietary and health needs, especially during pregnancy, women in Bangladesh are largely affected by the adverse impacts of climate change. In this regard, targeted climate change policy actions could play a vital role in mitigating women’s vulnerability amid global climate change. Accordingly, gender-sensitive climate change policies are required in Bangladesh to address this problem. Considering the scenario, this study will provide an overview of the significant climate change policies of Bangladesh. The study aims to ascertain whether Bangladesh’s climate change policies pragmatically address gender concerns. Critical climate interventions are also evaluated to see if gender is taken into account in the operational activities. This research applies the qualitative method, including the desk study and textual analysis approach. The study employs both primary and secondary data to analyse gender sensitivity in the climate change policies of Bangladesh. The findings demonstrate that there are very few gender-sensitive climate change policies in Bangladesh. While superficially acknowledging that women are more vulnerable than men, climate change policies often lack action plans to address the above-mentioned issue.
2022 RUSSIAN INTERVENTION OF UKRAINE: IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS UNDER THE INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW
Authors:   Department of Law, University of Dhaka, Alam Jobair , Chowdhury Ahmed Ragib ,   Attorney Raju Mahajan and Associate, Chowdhury Sal Sabil ,   Bangladesh International Arbitration Centre(BIAC)
Published: March 2023

In 2022, the Ukraine-Russia conflict resulted in Russia intervening in the territory of Ukraine. The Russian intervention has been a topic of global discussion ever since, raising several international legal issues. The wide range of issues arising under international law, although distinct, are intertwined. Ukraine has already brought this matter before Ukrainian national courts alleging war crimes and the International Court of Justice alleging genocide. But the inevitable violation of human rights arising out of large-scale casualties has not been an issue of discussion before either forum. This article analyses the implications of such intervention broadly under international human rights law. The significance of this article lies in exploring the nuances associated with these legal issues through a viewpoint methodology with a critical approach, which could help national, regional, and international actors understand the interconnectedness among these issues, and act expeditiously to effectively address the crisis having geo-political impacts.
IMPACTS OF COVID 19 PANDEMIC ON MIGRANTS AT THE ORIGIN: LESSONS FOR MIGRATION GOVERNANCE
Authors:   Bangladesh Institute of International and Strategic Studies (BIISS), Ferdousi Benuka , Hossain Segufta ,   Bangladesh Institute of International and Strategic Studies (BIISS)
Published: March 2023

Considering the crucial role played by the migrants in the country’s macroeconomic stability, it is very important to assess the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the migrant community of Bangladesh both at the destination and origin. Though the condition of the migrants at their destination is well discussed in the literature, there is little focus on their condition at the origin. In this context, the present study aims to analyze the impacts of the pandemic on the economic, social and psychosocial well-being of Bangladeshi migrants and their families at the origin to identify the weaknesses of the existing migration governance of the country which have contributed to perpetuating their sufferings. The study found that the returnee migrants and their households faced multifaceted negative impacts of the pandemic. Involuntary return of their migrant members and their stranded conditions, lack of employment and reduced remittance flow severely curtailed the income of migrant households, added to their debt burden and led to the curtailment of necessary expenditures. Migrants faced stigmatization and discrimination at both their destination and origin. Social stigma and involuntary repatriation had psychosocial impacts on them. The Government of Bangladesh took various initiatives to assist the migrants in coping with the challenges though they were not adequate. The present study suggests focusing on undocumented migration, “failed migration,” and reintegration to make the existing migration governance more prepared for similar future challenges.
CITIZENSHIP OF THE ROHINGYAS: AN ISSUE BETWEEN SILENCE AND PRONOUNCEMENT
Authors:   Department of International Relations, Jahangirnagar University, Bala Sajib
Published: March 2023

The paper explores the rationality behind the Rohingyas’ claim for citizenship in their homeland, Myanmar. Globally known as the ‘Rohingya Crisis’, the crux of the problem lies in the citizenship issue of the Rohingyas, who underwent an exodus from their homeland in successive waves and took shelter mostly in neighbouring Bangladesh to escape reported inhuman atrocities committed to them by the Myanmar military junta. While the international community has initiated several peaceful diplomatic means to resolve the crisis, the fact remains that such efforts have yielded no positive result. This is because the core solution to the problem centres around one very perplexing issue—granting citizenship to the Rohingyas. This political strategy is expected to open the portal for the Rohingyas, refuged now in Bangladesh, to return to Myanmar. The issue of Rohingyas’ citizenship is, however, intricated by legal, political and historical narratives by Myanmar authorities, many of which are illusive and without historical veracity. The study, thus, has attempted to unravel how and in what ways the Rohingyas have been deprived of the recognition of an indigenous race of Myanmar and finally deprived of their citizenship rights. The paper argues that politico-historic and legal arguments are in favour of the Rohingyas’ citizenship and that the ground reality should break through the recalcitrance and stubbornness of Myanmar’s current regime.
Frequency and Pattern of Left Main Stem Stenosis in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography.
Authors: Ali Hashmi Kashif , Akhtar Ammar , Ishfaq Adeeba , Sohail Saleemi Muhammad , Muhammad Abdul Kabeer Hafiz
Published: March 2023

Background: To find out the frequency and pattern of left main stem (LMS) stenosis among patients who had coronary angiography in a tertiary care hospital.

Methodology: The cross-sectional observational study was carried out for the duration of six months. Total number of 123 patients referred for coronary angiography to the department of cardiac catheterization (Cath Lab). All patients underwent coronary angiography, diagnosis of LMS stenosis was made. Pattern of LMS (ostial or distal) and vessel involvement was also observed.

Results: Mean age of patients was 51.12±10.44 years. There were 81 (65.85%) males and 42 (34.15%) female patients. There were 39 (31.71%) obese, 50 (40.65%) patients were diabetics, hypertension was found in 83 (67.48%) patients, and 46 (37.40%) were smokers. LMS disease was found in 15 (12.20%) patients. Ostial LMS was found in 05 (4.07%) and distal LMS in 10 (8.13%) patients.

Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of left main disease. Majority of patients with LMS have distal lesions.