bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Self‐Healable Sulfide/Polymer Composite Electrolyte for Long‐Life, Low‐Lithium‐Excess Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Ren Yuxun , Cui Zehao , Bhargav Amruth , He Jiarui , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: October 2021

Solid electrolyte‐protected lithium‐metal anodes promise energy‐dense, safe cells. While sulfide solid electrolytes enable facile processability and fast ion transport, they suffer from complex chemo‐mechanical issues, including Li plating‐induced fracture and Li stripping‐induced contact loss. To address these issues, a grafting approach is implemented to functionalize the sulfide solid electrolyte (Li3,85Sn0.85Sb0.15S4) with a self‐healing unit. This leads to a dynamic bonding between the solid electrolyte network and a mechanically robust polymer scaffold, which reversibly accommodates the volume changes of the lithium‐metal anode. Moreover, the approach improves the interfacial contact between the lithium‐metal anode and the composite electrolyte, enabling stable cycling at a mild stack pressure (160 kPa). With a negative to positive capacity ratio equals to 1, pouch full cells with a high‐nickel cathode (nickel content > 90%) and lithium‐metal anode display 92% capacity retention for 140 cycles. Engineering the interface between solid electrolyte and the polymeric binder offers a promising pathway to address the chemo‐mechanical issues.
Ultrasensitive Molecular Sensors Based on Real‐Time Impedance Spectroscopy in Solution‐Processed 2D Materials
Authors: Moore David C. , Jawaid Ali , Busch Robert , Brothers Michael , Miesle Paige , Miesle Adam , Rao Rahul , Lee Jonghoon , Beagle Lucas K. , Motala Michael , Wallace Shay Goff , Downing Julia R. , Roy Ajit , Muratore Christopher , Hersam Mark C. , Vaia Richard , Kim Steve , Glavin Nicholas R.
Published: October 2021

Chemical sensors based on solution‐processed 2D nanomaterials represent an extremely attractive approach toward scalable and low‐cost devices. Through the implementation of real‐time impedance spectroscopy and development of a three‐element circuit model, redox exfoliated MoS2 nanoflakes demonstrate an ultrasensitive empirical detection limit of NO2 gas at 1 ppb, with an extrapolated ultimate detection limit approaching 63 ppt. This sensor construct reveals a more than three orders of magnitude improvement from conventional direct current sensing approaches as the traditionally dominant interflake interactions are bypassed in favor of selectively extracting intraflake doping effects. This same approach allows for an all solution‐processed, flexible 2D sensor to be fabricated on a polyimide substrate using a combination of graphene contacts and drop‐casted MoS2 nanoflakes, exhibiting similar sensitivity limits. Finally, a thermal annealing strategy is used to explore the tunability of the nanoflake interactions and subsequent circuit model fit, with a demonstrated sensitivity improvement of 2× with thermal annealing at 200 °C.
Molecular Cleavage of Metal‐Organic Frameworks and Application to Energy Storage and Conversion
Authors: Zhou Xianlong , Jin Huanyu , Xia Bao Yu , Davey Kenneth , Zheng Yao , Qiao Shi‐Zhang
Published: October 2021

The physicochemical properties of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) significantly depend on composition, topology, and porosity, which can be tuned via synthesis. In addition to a classic direct synthesis, postsynthesis modulations of MOFs, including ion exchange, installation, and destruction, can significantly expand the application. Because of a limitation of the qualitative hard and soft acids and bases (HSAB) theory, posttreatment permits regulation of MOF structure by cleaving chemical bonds at the molecular level. Here, methods of coordination bond scission to tailor the structure are critically appraised and the application to energy storage and conversion is assessed. MOF structures synthesized by molecular‐level coordination bond cleavage are described and the corresponding MOFs for electrocatalysis and renewable battery applications are evaluated. Significant emphasis is placed on various coordination bond cleavage to tune properties, including chemical groups, electronic structures, and morphologies. The review concludes with a critical perspective on practical application, together with challenges and future outlook for this emerging field.
Dimethylaminomicheliolide Sensitizes Cancer Cells to Radiotherapy for Synergistic Combination with Immune Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Li Yingying , Ni Kaiyuan , Chan Christina , Guo Nining , Luo Taokun , Han Wenbo , Culbert August , Weichselbaum Ralph R. , Lin Wenbin
Published: October 2021

Radiotherapy (RT) has demonstrated synergy with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in preclinical models. However, its potential as an immunoadjuvant is limited by low immunogenicity at low radiation doses and immunosuppression at high radiation doses. It is hypothesized that radiosensitizers can enhance both the anticancer and immunogenic effects of low‐dose radiation. Herein the authors report the antitumor immunity of combined RT and immunotherapy with dimethylaminomicheliolide (DMAMCL), a prodrug of the anti‐inflammatory sesquiterpene lactone micheliolide (MCL). DMAMCL sensitized cancer cells to a single fraction of RT in vitro by inducing apoptosis and DNA double‐strand breaks. DMAMCL with 5 fractions of 2 Gy focal X‐ray irradiation led to significant anticancer efficacy in subcutaneous and spontaneous models of murine cancer. DMAMCL‐sensitized RT upregulated programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression in the tumors. Combination of DMAMCL‐sensitized RT with anti‐PD‐L1 ICB significantly enhanced antitumor efficacy by increasing tumor‐infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and establishing immune memory.
Large Magnetoresistance in Scandium Nitride Magnetic Tunnel Junctions Using First Principles
Authors: Karki Suyogya , Rogers Vivian , Jadaun Priyamvada , Marshall Daniel S. , Incorvia Jean Anne C.
Published: October 2021

The state‐of‐the‐art magnetic tunnel junction, a cornerstone of spintronic devices and circuits, uses a magnesium oxide tunnel barrier that provides a uniquely large tunnel magnetoresistance at room temperature. However, the wide bandgap and band alignment of magnesium oxide‐iron systems increases the resistance‐area product and creates variability and breakdown challenges. Here, the authors study using first principles narrower‐bandgap scandium nitride (ScN) transport properties in magnetoresistive junctions in comparison to magnesium oxide. The results show a high magnetoresistance in Fe/ScN/Fe via Δ1 and symmetry filtering with low wave function decay rates, suggesting scandium nitride could be a new barrier material for spintronic devices.
Patient‐Derived Organoids Can Guide Personalized‐Therapies for Patients with Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Chen Ping , Zhang Xu , Ding Renbo , Yang Linglin , Lyu Xueying , Zeng Jianming , Lei Josh Haipeng , Wang Lijian , Bi Jiong , Shao Nan , Shu Ditian , Wu Bin , Wu Jingbo , Yang Zhihui , Wang Haiyan , Wang Biqiong , Xiong Kang , Lu Yun , Fu Shaozhi , Choi Tak Kan , Lon Ng Wai , Zhang Aiping , Tang Dongyang , Quan Yingyao , Meng Ya , Miao Kai , Sun Heng , Zhao Ming , Bao Jiaolin , Zhang Lei , Xu Xiaoling , Shi Yanxia , Lin Ying , Deng Chuxia
Published: October 2021

Most breast cancers at an advanced stage exhibit an aggressive nature, and there is a lack of effective anticancer options. Herein, the development of patient‐derived organoids (PDOs) is described as a real‐time platform to explore the feasibility of tailored treatment for refractory breast cancers. PDOs are successfully generated from breast cancer tissues, including heavily treated specimens. The microtubule‐targeting drug‐sensitive response signatures of PDOs predict improved distant relapse‐free survival for invasive breast cancers treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. It is further demonstrated that PDO pharmaco‐phenotyping reflects the previous treatment responses of the corresponding patients. Finally, as clinical case studies, all patients who receive at least one drug predicate to be sensitive by PDOs achieve good responses. Altogether, the PDO model is developed as an effective platform for evaluating patient‐specific drug sensitivity in vitro, which can guide personal treatment decisions for breast cancer patients at terminal stage.
Non‐Volatile Photo‐Switch Using a Diamond pn Junction
Authors: Masante Cédric , Kah Martin , Hébert Clément , Rouger Nicolas , Pernot Julien
Published: October 2021

Ultrawide bandgap semiconductor technologies offer potentially revolutionary advances in the rapidly developing areas of quantum communication, short wavelength optics, smart energy conversion, and biomedical interfaces. These strongly demanding technologies can be partly constructed using conventional devices but new hybrid architectures are needed to overpass current performances and add functionalities. Here, a new concept based on the specific properties of a diamond pn junction combined with both an electric and optical control of the depletion region is proposed. Using this junction as a gate in a junction field effect transistor, a proof of concept of a non‐volatile diamond photo‐switch is reported. A diamond pn junction made with nitrogen deep donors in the n‐side is demonstrated to be optically activated thanks to visible light. The n‐type diamond gate is almost devoid of free carriers in the dark and thus insulating. Illuminating the device renders the standard electrical gate control of the transistor efficient. Without illumination, the device is frozen, keeping a permanent memory of the current state. This new way of operating the device opens numerous possibilities to store and transfer information or energy with applications in the field of electrical aircraft or aerospace electronics, power electronics, bio‐electronics, and quantum communication.
Quantifying and Suppressing Proton Intercalation to Enable High‐Voltage Zn‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Fei , Blanc Lauren E. , Li Qin , Faraone Antonio , Ji Xiao , Chen‐Mayer Huaiyu H. , Paul Rick L. , Dura Joseph A. , Hu Enyuan , Xu Kang , Nazar Linda F. , Wang Chunsheng
Published: October 2021

Rechargeable Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are widely regarded as promising candidates for large‐scale energy storage applications. Like most multivalent battery systems (based on Zn, Mg, Ca, etc.), further progress in ZIB development relies on the discovery and design of novel cathode hosts capable of reversible Zn2+ (de)intercalation. Herein, this work employs VPO4F as a ZIB cathode and explores ensuing intercalation mechanisms along with interfacial dynamics during cycling to quantify the water dynamics in concentrated electrolytes and/or hybrid aqueous‐non aqueous (HANEs) electrolyte(s). Like most oxide‐based cathode materials, proton (H+) intercalation dominates electrochemical activity during discharge of ZnxHyVPO4F in aqueous media due to the hydroxylated nature of the interface. Such H+ electrochemistry diminishes low‐rate and/or long‐term electrochemical performance of ZIBs which inhibits implementation for practical applications. Thus, quantification of the water dynamics in various electrolytes is demonstrated for the first time. Detailed investigations of water mobility in various concentrated electrolytes and HANEs systems enable the design of an electrolyte that enhances aqueous anodic stability and suppresses water/proton activity during discharge. Tuning Zn2+/H+ intercalation kinetics simultaneously allows for a high voltage (1.9 V) and long‐lasting aqueous zinc‐ion battery: Zn|Zn(OTf)2·nH2O‐PC|ZnxHyVPO4F.
Experimental Observation of Hydrocarbon Growth by Resonance‐Stabilized Radical–Radical Chain Reaction
Authors: Couch David E. , Zhang Angie J. , Taatjes Craig A. , Hansen Nils
Published: October 2021

Rapid molecular‐weight growth of hydrocarbons occurs in flames, in industrial synthesis, and potentially in cold astrochemical environments. A variety of high‐ and low‐temperature chemical mechanisms have been proposed and confirmed, but more facile pathways may be needed to explain observations. We provide laboratory confirmation in a controlled pyrolysis environment of a recently proposed mechanism, radical–radical chain reactions of resonance‐stabilized species. The recombination reaction of phenyl (c‐C6H5) and benzyl (c‐C6H5CH2) radicals produces both diphenylmethane and diphenylmethyl radicals, the concentration of the latter increasing with rising temperature. A second phenyl addition to the product radical forms both triphenylmethane and triphenylmethyl radicals, confirming the propagation of radical–radical chain reactions under the experimental conditions of high temperature (1100–1600 K) and low pressure (ca. 3 kPa). Similar chain reactions may contribute to particle growth in flames, the interstellar medium, and industrial reactors.
Nuclear organization of serotonergic neurons in the brainstems of a lar gibbon and a chimpanzee
Authors: Williams Victoria M. , Bhagwandin Adhil , Swiegers Jordan , Bertelsen Mads F. , Hård Therese , Sherwood Chet C. , Manger Paul R.
Published: October 2021

In the current study, we detail, through the analysis of immunohistochemically stained sections, the morphology and nuclear parcellation of the serotonergic neurons present in the brainstem of a lar gibbon and a chimpanzee. In general, the neuronal morphology and nuclear organization of the serotonergic system in the brains of these two species of apes follow that observed in a range of Eutherian mammals and are specifically very similar to that observed in other species of primates. In both of the apes studied, the serotonergic nuclei could be readily divided into two distinct groups, a rostral and a caudal cluster, which are found from the level of the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle to the spinomedullary junction. The rostral cluster is comprised of the caudal linear, supralemniscal, and median raphe nuclei, as well as the six divisions of the dorsal raphe nuclear complex. The caudal cluster contains several distinct nuclei and nuclear subdivisions, including the raphe magnus nucleus and associated rostral and caudal ventrolateral (CVL) serotonergic groups, the raphe pallidus, and raphe obscurus nuclei. The one deviation in organization observed in comparison to other primate species is an expansion of both the number and distribution of neurons belonging to the lateral division of the dorsal raphe nucleus in the chimpanzee. It is unclear whether this expansion occurs in humans, thus at present, this expansion sets the chimpanzee apart from other primates studied to date.
AWWA’s Free Water Audit Software: Updates and Improvements
Authors: Jernigan Will , Sayers David
Published: October 2021

Key Takeaways

AWWA's Water Loss Control Committee's Software Subcommittee has announced the release of a new version of the Free Water Audit Software.

The new release has nearly 1,000 updates and is intended to improve the user experience and increase the value of the software's data outputs.

With substantial enhancements that include interactive data grading and dashboard outputs for benchmarking, utilities that conduct top‐down water audits are advised to use the newest software.
Adaptive dose‐response studies to establish proof‐of‐concept in learning‐phase clinical trials
Authors: Ma Shiyang , McDermott Michael P.
Published: October 2021

In learning‐phase clinical trials in drug development, adaptive designs can be efficient and highly informative when used appropriately. In this article, we extend the multiple comparison procedures with modeling techniques (MCP‐Mod) procedure with generalized multiple contrast tests (GMCTs) to two‐stage adaptive designs for establishing proof‐of‐concept. The results of an interim analysis of first‐stage data are used to adapt the candidate dose‐response models and the dosages studied in the second stage. GMCTs are used in both stages to obtain stage‐wise ‐values, which are then combined to determine an overall ‐value. An alternative approach is also considered that combines the ‐statistics across stages, employing the conditional rejection probability principle to preserve the Type I error probability. Simulation studies demonstrate that the adaptive designs are advantageous compared to the corresponding tests in a nonadaptive design if the selection of the candidate set of dose‐response models is not well informed by evidence from preclinical and early‐phase studies.
Stability of proteins encapsulated in Michael‐type addition polyethylene glycol hydrogels
Authors: Ghassemi Zahra , Ruesing Samuel , Leach Jennie B. , Zustiak Silviya P.
Published: October 2021

Degradable polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogels are excellent vehicles for sustained drug release due to their biocompatibility, tunable physical properties, and customizable degradation. However, protein therapeutics are unstable under physiological conditions and releasing degraded or inactive therapeutics can induce immunogenic effects. While controlling protein release from PEG hydrogels has been extensively investigated, few studies have detailed protein stability long‐term or under stress conditions. Here, lysozyme and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) stability were explored upon encapsulation in PEG hydrogels formed through Michael‐type addition. The stability and structure of the two model proteins were monitored by measuring the free energy of unfolding and fluoresce quenching when confined in a hydrogel and compared to PEG solution and buffer. Hydrogels destabilized lysozyme structure at low denaturant concentrations but prevented complete unfolding at high concentrations. ADH was stabilized as the confining mesh size approached the protein radius of gyration. Both proteins retained enzymatic activity within the hydrogels under stress conditions, including denaturant, high temperature, and agitation. Conjugation between lysozyme and PEG‐acrylate was identified at long reaction times but no conjugation was observed in the time required for complete gelation. Studies of protein stability in PEG hydrogels, as the one detailed here, can lead to designer technologies for the improved formulation, storage, and delivery of protein therapeutics.
Subacute thyroiditis following COVID‐19 vaccination
Authors: Soltanpoor Pardis , Norouzi Ghazal
Published: October 2021

Physicians should be alert about the possibility of subacute thyroiditis (SAT) being induced by COVID‐19 vaccination. SAT may present with anterior neck pain, extended fever or palpitation in recently vaccinated patients, which should not be easily dismissed as expected post‐vaccination flu‐like symptoms, thereby, facilitating in time diagnosis and treatment.
A man with an alcoholic‐related duodenal perforation after losing his job due to the SARS‐COV‐2 pandemic
Authors: Mahdi Dana , Ali Mohamed Adam
Published: October 2021

Pneumoperitoneum is a medical emergency, diagnosed by subdiaphragmatic free air upon X‐ray. The underlying cause, in this case a perforated duodenal ulcer from increased alcohol intake, must also be identified and treated. Public health crisis can impact physical health to varying degrees across socioeconomic groups.
Direct Ink Printing for Flexible Zinc‐Ion‐Hybrid Micro‐Supercapacitors Based on Hierarchical Porous Carbon as Cathode
Authors: Gu Yifan , Yu Tiantian , Xue Pan , Zhang Qian , Ma Shaoshuai , Xu Xinhua
Published: October 2021

Flexible artificial intelligence and rechargeable electronic devices have been the research hotpot due to the status quo of the energy crisis. However, the existing energy storage devices suffering from undesirable electrochemical performance, poor flexibility, and toxicity, have unsatisfactory practical application prospect. Owing to its unique stability, normal electrodes in energy storage equipment are built out of carbon‐based materials. Recently, zinc hybrid supercapacitors have attracted a lot of attention. Herein, a high‐performance zinc‐ion hybrid micro‐supercapacitor is successfully constructed using hierarchical honeymoon‐like porous carbon frameworks as cathode by direct ink printing method. Due to the bivalent feature of zinc and electric double layered capacitive characteristic of the porous carbon, the optimized device possesses excellent electrochemical performance of excellent specific capacity of 189.06 mA h g−1 at a current density of 1 mA cm−2, high energy density of76.38 Wh kg−1, power density of 499.94 W kg−1 and superior capacity retention of 95.71 % at 10 mA cm−2 after 1000 cycles. Through direct ink printing, the as‐assembled zinc hybrid micro‐supercapacitors based on flexible substrate exhibit outstanding flexibility with controllable active material mass loading.
Enhancing Mg2+ and Mg2+/Li+ Storage by Introducing Active Defect Sites and Edge Surfaces in MoSe2
Authors: Yang Jingdong , Wang Jinxing , Zhu Ling , Wang Xiao , Dong Xiaoyang , Zeng Wen , Wang Jingfeng , Pan Fusheng
Published: October 2021

Recently, Mg‐ion batteries (MIBs) and Mg−Li hybrid ion batteries (MLIBs) are deemed as potential energy‐storage devices. However, due to the insufficient storage sites of Mg2 + in the cathode, MIBs show a low reversible capacity. For MLIBs, the property is also seriously restricted due to the main Li+ intercalation reaction and less Mg2+ intercalation reaction. Herein, ultrathin MoSe2 nanosheets with enriched atomic defects and exposed edge surfaces are prepared by the hydrothermal method and subsequent hydrogen treatment. It is found that the Mg2+ storage performance is markedly enhanced, and Mg2+/Li+ co‐intercalation can be achieved. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation shows that, by introducing a large number of atomic defects and edge exposed surfaces in the ultrathin MoSe2 nanosheets, the Mg2+ storage sites are increased, and the diffusion and migration ability of Mg2+ and Li+ are improved, resulting in a significant property improvement. Further, the Mg2+ intercalation in MIBs and Mg2+/Li+ co‐intercalation in MLIBs are confirmed. The discharge‐charge mechanisms only based on the intercalation reactions for both MIBs and MLIBs are also revealed.
Efforts at Enhancing Bifunctional Electrocatalysis and Related Events for Rechargeable Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Ipadeola Adewale K. , Haruna Aderemi B. , Gaolatlhe Lesego , Lebechi Augustus K. , Meng Jiashen , Pang Quanquan , Eid Kamel , Abdullah Aboubakr M. , Ozoemena Kenneth I.
Published: October 2021

Invited for this month's cover picture is the group of Prof. Dr. Kenneth I. Ozoemena at the University of the Witwatersrand and collaborators from Qatar University and Peking University. The Front Cover illustrates the significance of bifunctional electrocatalysis (ORR / OER) and zinc anode as the key drivers for the development of rechargeable zinc‐air batteries that promise to revolutionize electricity storage and applications (represented herein as electric vehicle charging point). Read the full text of the Review at 10.1002/celc.202100574.
Chiral‐Directing‐Group‐Assisted Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Addition of Inert Arene C−H Bond to Aldimines with Subsequent Intramolecular Cyclization
Authors: Cai Xuhong , Chen Wenkun , Nie Ruifang , Wang Jun
Published: October 2021

By using a chiral directing group, an asymmetric rhodium(III)‐catalyzed C−H bond addition to aldimines followed by intramolecular cyclization to form chiral isoindolinones has been achieved (up to 68 % yield, up to 93 % ee). A three‐component variant that resembles Mannich reaction was also realized (41 % yield, 83 % ee). Product elaborations and preliminary mechanistic studies were described.
Tailoring Additively Manufactured Titanium Implants for Short‐Time Pediatric Implantations with Enhanced Bactericidal Activity
Authors: Maher Shaheer , Linklater Denver , Rastin Hadi , Le Yap Pei , Ivanova Elena P. , Losic Dusan
Published: October 2021

Paediatric titanium (Ti) implants are used for the short‐term fixation of fractures, after which they are removed. However, bone overgrowth on the implant surface can complicate their removal. The current Ti implants research focuses on improving their osseointegration and antibacterial properties for long‐term use while overlooking the requirements of temporary implants. This paper presents the engineering of additively manufactured Ti implants with antibacterial properties and prevention of bone cell overgrowth. 3D‐printed implants were fabricated followed by electrochemical anodization to generate vertically aligned titania nanotubes (TNTs) on the surface with specific diameters (∼100 nm) to reduce cell attachment and proliferation. To achieve enhanced antibacterial performance, TNTs were coated with gallium nitrate as antibacterial agent. The physicochemical characteristics of these implants assessed by the attachment, growth and viability of osteoblastic MG‐63 cells showed significantly reduced cell attachment and proliferation, confirming the ability of TNTs surface to avoid cell overgrowth. Gallium coated TNTs showed strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa with reduced bacterial attachment and high rates of bacterial death. Thus a new approach for the engineering of temporary Ti implants with enhanced bactericidal properties with reduced bone cell attachment is demonstrated as a new strategy toward a new generation of short‐term implants in paediatrics.
Origin and dispersion pathways of guava in the Galapagos Islands inferred through genetics and historical records
Authors: Urquía Diego , Gutierrez Bernardo , Pozo Gabriela , Pozo Maria Jose , Torres Maria de Lourdes
Published: October 2021

Guava (Psidium guajava) is an aggressive invasive plant in the Galapagos Islands. Determining its provenance and genetic diversity could explain its adaptability and spread, and how this relates to past human activities. With this purpose, we analyzed 11 SSR markers in guava individuals from Isabela, Santa Cruz, San Cristobal, and Floreana islands in the Galapagos, as well as from mainland Ecuador. The mainland guava population appeared genetically differentiated from the Galapagos populations, with higher genetic diversity levels found in the former. We consistently found that the Central Highlands region of mainland Ecuador is one of the most likely origins of the Galapagos populations. Moreover, the guavas from Isabela and Floreana show a potential genetic input from southern mainland Ecuador, while the population from San Cristobal would be linked to the coastal mainland regions. Interestingly, the proposed origins for the Galapagos guava coincide with the first human settlings of the archipelago. Through approximate Bayesian computation, we propose a model where San Cristobal was the first island to be colonized by guava from the mainland, and then, it would have spread to Floreana and finally to Santa Cruz; Isabela would have been seeded from Floreana. An independent trajectory could also have contributed to the invasion of Floreana and Isabela. The pathway shown in our model agrees with the human colonization history of the different islands in the Galapagos. Our model, in conjunction with the clustering patterns of the individuals (based on genetic distances), suggests that guava introduction history in the Galapagos archipelago was driven by either a single event or a series of introduction events in rapid succession. We thus show that genetic analyses supported by historical sources can be used to track the arrival and spread of invasive species in novel habitats and the potential role of human activities in such processes.
Phosphorescent Metallacrown Ethers Enchained Through Coordination of Arsafluorene to Platinum(II) Dihalide
Authors: Kikuchi Kazuma , Sumida Akifumi , Imoto Hiroaki , Naka Kensuke
Published: October 2021

Metallacrown ethers have functionality due to the incorporated metals as well as a host cavity. In this work, a novel class of enchained‐type metallacrown ethers were developed by using acyclic bidentate arsine ligands and platinum(II) dihalides (PtX2, X=Cl, I). Two arsafluorenes were linked through oligo(ethylene oxide) chains with different lengths. The PtCl2 complexes adopted cis‐configurations, and showed weak emission even at 77 K. In contrast, the PtI2 complexes adopted trans‐configurations, and showed phosphorescence at 298 K. The emission properties were affected by the chain length of the oligo(ethylene oxide) moiety.
A comprehensive approach to the feasibility assessment of on-campus food waste composting
Authors: Al-Aomar Raid , Haroun Aya , Osman Ahmed
Published: October 2021

Food waste management is increasingly being emphasized globally due to its economic and environmental impacts and strategic transformation towards sustainability. This can be observed from the increasing number of zero food waste (ZFW) initiatives that are being adopted by communities and institutions, including universities. Food waste composting, in particular, is increasingly being used for food waste recovery on university campuses. Campus sustainability managers are often challenged with the interrelated impacts of economic and noneconomic factors when selecting a composting system and the sensitivity and risks involved in such a decision. Reviewed research highlights the need for a comprehensive assessment of economic and operational feasibility in order to adopt an effective on-campus food waste composting system. This paper presents a methodological framework for assessing the feasibility of on-campus food waste composting systems. In addition to the composting project's economic feasibility, the framework utilizes the analytical hierarchy process to integrate noneconomic criteria into the assessment of composting alternatives. The framework then analyzes the sensitivity of the present worth of each composting system to projected changes in the economic parameters used. The framework also models the impacts of variability in the operational parameters of the composting system. Assessment values are then integrated into a normalized ranking of the alternative composting systems. The framework is illustrated through the assessment of three alternatives for installing on-campus food composters in a major university. The results provide insight and guidelines for adopting economically effective food waste recovery systems and ZFW initiatives for green and sustainable university campuses. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:964–977. © 2021 SETAC

KEY POINTS

On-campus zero food waste (ZFW) initiatives including composting can significantly contribute to the overall campus sustainability. Financial analyses based on cost benefit analysis (CBA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) do not address all critical aspects of assessing the feasibility of on-campus composting systems. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is an effective methodology for integrating non economic factors into the assessment of composting systems. Sensitivity and risk analyses can address and rank the impacts of projected changes to the economic parameters of the assessment and model the variability in its operational parameters.
Long noncoding RNA LINC01410 promotes tumorigenesis of osteosarcoma cells via miR‐497‐5p/HMGA2 axis
Authors: Ma Weiguo , Gao Yun , Zhang Junhua , Yao Xiaobin , Jia Lina , Xu Qingxia
Published: October 2021

LINC01410 is a tumor promoter that is upregulated in some cancer types, such as osteosarcoma (OS). Nonetheless, its role in OS and the underlying molecular mechanism have not been fully understood. Hence, we sought to elucidate it. We performed reverse‐transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction for examining LINC01410, miR‐497‐5p and HMGA2 levels. Additionally, we carried out the cell counting kit‐8 and Transwell assays for detecting cell proliferation and invasion/migration. Bioinformatics predicted that there was a miR‐497‐5p binding site in LINC01410 or HMGA2; meanwhile, miR‐497‐5p was found to interact with HMGA2 and LINC01410 through dual‐luciferase reporter assay. LINC01410 and HMGA2 were high, and miR‐497‐5p showed low expression in OS tissues and cells. Cell function assay demonstrated that LINC01410 or HMGA2 knockdown or miR‐497‐5p overexpression obviously restrained OS proliferation, invasion, and migration. Oppositely, inhibiting miR‐497‐5p had the opposite effects. Functionally, miR‐497‐5p bound with LINC01410 3′‐untranslated region and HMGA2 was found to be the miR‐497‐5p target gene. Lastly, LINC01410 enhanced OS cell growth, invasion, and migration via decreasing miR‐497‐5p expression, whereas increasing that of HMGA2. We have demonstrated that LINC01410 promoted OS development partly by miR‐497‐5p/HMGA2 signal transduction pathway and this provides a reference for studying the mechanism of LINC01410 in OS.
The role of unpaved roads in the sediment budget of a semiarid mesoscale catchment
Authors: Farias Teresa Raquel Lima , Medeiros Pedro Henrique Augusto , Araújo José Carlos de , Navarro‐Hevia Joaquín
Published: October 2021

High erosion and runoff rates have been measured on road infrastructure, indicating that unpaved roads might be significant sources of sediment in catchments. In this paper, the production of surface sediments from unpaved rural roads is assessed in Northeastern Brazil, in a semiarid area of the caatinga biome, vulnerable to desertification. Sediment production data from road surface segments were monitored for 2 years (2013–2014) under conditions of natural precipitation. By using hydrosedimentological modeling and a geographical information system (GIS), the sediment budget was calculated at the meso‐scale catchment (aprox. 930 km2), in order to identify the relative contribution of roads to the sediment balance. The universal soil loss equation (USLE) associated with Maner's sediment delivery ratio (SDR) equation, proved to be an adequate approach for predicting sediment yield on the road segment scale. The best results were obtained for the road without traffic, due to the non‐interference in this segment of external factors, such as traffic and maintenance activities, not explicitly considered in the model formulation. The modeling procedure showed that the roads, which occupy only 0.7% of the catchment surface, were responsible for approximately 7% of soil loss in the area. Furthermore, sediment connectivity might be enhanced by roads, which cross the river network and, therefore, deliver more directly the sediment generated at hillslopes. This is particularly important in the studied environment, where sediment connectivity is low due to limited runoff and the existence of a dense network of surface water reservoirs.
Identification of novel ACAN mutations in two Chinese families and genotype–phenotype correlation in patients with 74 pathogenic ACAN variations
Authors: Wei Ming , Ying Yanqin , Li Zhuxi , Weng Ying , Luo Xiaoping
Published: October 2021

Background

ACAN (OMIM 155760) is located on chromosome 15q26 and encodes the production of aggrecan. Aggrecan is a large chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan with a molecular weight of 254 kDa and contains 2530 amino acids. It is a critical structural component of the extracellular matrix of cartilage, including growth plate, articular, and intervertebral disk cartilage. It plays a key role in bone development.

Methods

Here, we describe two pedigrees with loss‐of‐function variants in ACAN. Whole exome sequencing was performed for the probands from each family. We illustrate the clinical variability associated with ACAN variants.

Results

The proband of pedigree A manifested short stature, relative macrocephaly, mild flat nasal bridge, low‐set ears, short neck, and short thumbs. The proband of pedigree B had short height, abnormal vertebral development, and central precocious puberty. By trio‐based whole exome sequencing and in silico analyses, we identified two de novo heterozygous variants of ACAN: NM_013227.4: c.116dupT, p.Arg40Glufs*51 and NM_013227.4: c.2367delC, p.Ser790Glnfs*20 (accession number: AC103982.10).

Conclusion

The clinical manifestations of ACAN gene variants are diverse. ACAN gene variants are important genetic factors for short stature and should be considered as the differential diagnosis of children with idiopathic short stature (ISS).
A cross‐sectional study of memory and executive functions in patients with sporadic inclusion body myositis
Authors: Lu Kirsty , Yong Keir X. X. , Skorupinska Iwona , Deriziotis Stephanie , Collins Jessica D. , Henley Susie M. D. , Hanna Michael G. , Rossor Martin N. , Ridha Basil H. , Machado Pedro M.
Published: October 2021

Introduction/Aims

Sporadic inclusion body myositis (IBM) is a degenerative and inflammatory acquired myopathy characterized by muscle deposition of various proteins typically associated with Alzheimer disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. Although cognitive impairment is not noted as a clinical feature of IBM, evidence is lacking. In this study we investigated whether cognitive performance of patients with IBM differs from population norms, focusing on cognitive domains affected in early Alzheimer disease (memory, executive function), and to test whether disease duration and the level of disability of IBM are associated with cognitive function.

Methods

Twenty‐four patients with IBM (mean [standard deviation]: age, 62.0 [7.2] years; disease duration, 9.6 [4.8] years) were assessed cross‐sectionally on neuropsychological tests covering multiple cognitive domains, including the Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite (PACC). Performance was compared with published normative data adjusted for age, sex, and education (National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center; N = 3268). Associations were examined between PACC score, disease duration, and level of disability (assessed using the IBM Functional Rating Scale [IBMFRS]).

Results

Across all cognitive tests, group performance was within ±1 standard deviation of the normative mean. There was no evidence of associations between PACC score and either disease duration (ρ = −0.04, P = .87) or IBMFRS total score (ρ = 0.14, P = .52).

Discussion

Memory and executive function in patients with IBM did not differ from normative data, and we observed no evidence of associations between the cognitive composite and disease duration or level of disability. This addresses a question frequently asked by patients and will be of value for clinicians and patients alike.
Microcomputed tomography (laboratory and synchrotron) of intact archeological human second metacarpal bones and age at death
Authors: Stock Stuart R. , Mays Simon , Turner‐Walker Gordon , Soriano Carmen
Published: October 2021

Laboratory microcomputed tomography (microCT) and synchrotron microCT imaged intact human second metacarpal bones (mc2) from two UK archeological sites: Ancaster (3rd to 4th century CE) and Wharram Percy (11th to 14th century CE). Two female mc2 were studied from each of three age at death cohorts (young, 18–29 years; middle, 30–49 years; old ≥50 years) along with a modern control mc2. The present investigation is complementary with an X‐ray scattering study of the same mc2 where the authors found no age‐at‐death‐related changes in carbonated apatite lattice parameters and found collagen D‐period peaks in the small angle regime in a minority of the mc2. This led the present authors to ask whether microCT could assign mc2 to the age cohort estimated by dental wear and whether material between bioerosion porosity and apparently free of diagenetic changes correlated with presence of strong D period peaks. Lab‐microCT derived values of bone volume fraction BV/TV (bone volume BV divided by total volume TV) for distal and proximal metaphyses provided age estimates that agree with those of dental wear. Cortical microstructure corroborated the BV/TV determination. Synchrotron microCT revealed significant diagenesis in all of the Wharram Percy and two of the Ancaster mc2; the resulting microstructural changes were attributed to microbial attack. The Ancaster mc2 whose microstructure matched that of the modern mc2 had D‐period peaks with intensities matching the modern bone. MicroCT with different voxel sizes was shown, therefore, to be very useful in age determination and in the assessment of 3D diagenetic changes.
Fault detection and diagnosis in photovoltaic panels by radiometric sensors embedded in unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: Segovia Ramírez Isaac , Das Bikramaditya , García Márquez Fausto Pedro
Published: October 2021

Photovoltaic solar energy is increasing its capacity in the global electric market due to its lower operating costs and higher efficiency, together with the support of the governments. Photovoltaic solar panels require high initial investments, and it is necessary to use advanced and efficient methods that lead to the maintainability and reliability of these systems, extending their life cycle and productivity. New condition monitoring systems are being applied to reduce the cost of inspections and ensure efficient data collection. The main contribution of this paper is a new efficient and low‐cost condition monitoring system based on radiometric sensors. The thermal patterns of the main photovoltaic faults (hot spot, fault cell, open circuit, bypass diode, and polarization) are studied in real photovoltaic panels. Different scenarios are considered, analyzing online the main patterns of the faults by Internet of Things. The accuracies of the results are statistically analyzed and compared with fault‐free scenarios. The validation of the approach is done by thermographic analysis of the experiments and employing a different radiometric sensor. The detection of faults with statistical analysis is achieved in 100% of the cases, and the identification of the specific fault in 96% of the scenarios. An artificial neural network and classification learner algorithms are employed to validate the results, obtaining similar results for fault identification, 95% and 94%, respectively, and 100% for fault detection.
Biomimetic double network hydrogels: Combining dynamic and static crosslinks to enable biofabrication and control cell‐matrix interactions
Authors: Aldana Ana A. , Morgan Francis L. C. , Houben Sofie , Pitet Louis M. , Moroni Lorenzo , Baker Matthew B.
Published: October 2021

Hydrogels are promising candidates for recapitulation of the native extracellular matrix (ECM), yet recreating molecular and spatiotemporal complexity within a single network remains a challenge. Double network (DN) hydrogels are a promising step towards recapitulating the multicomponent ECM and have enhanced mechanical properties. Here, we investigate DNs based on dynamic covalent and covalent bonds to mimic the dynamicity of the ECM and enable biofabrication. We also investigate the spatiotemporal molecular attachment of a bioactive adhesive peptide within the networks. Using oxidized alginate (dynamic network, Schiff base) and polyethylene glycol diacrylate (static network, acrylate polymerization) we find an optimized procedure, where the dynamic network is formed first, followed by the static network. This initial dynamically cross‐linked hydrogel imparts self‐healing, injectability, and 3D printability, while the subsequent DN hydrogel improves the stability of the 3D gels and imparts toughness. Rheology and compression testing show that the toughening is due to the combination of energy dissipation (dynamic network) and elasticity (static network). Furthermore, where we place adhesive sites in the network matters; we find distinct differences when an adhesive peptide, Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD), is attached to the different networks. This DN strategy bring us closer to understanding and recreating the complex multicomponent ECM—pushing us past a materials view of cell adhesion—while enabling injectabiltiy and printing of tough hydrogels.
Monitoring process variability using decile mean standard deviation
Authors: Abu‐Shawiesh Moustafa Omar Ahmed , Saeed Nadia
Published: October 2021

The control charts are essential tools in order to monitor the process quality as well as are used in numerous industries. The classical Shewhart S‐control chart is the most prevalent control chart in Statistical Process Control (SPC) for assessing changes in process over time. This paper modifies the S‐control chart by proposing SDDM‐control chart based on the SDDM (decile mean standard deviation), which presume that the quality function is monitored normally. The traditional and proposed control charts’ performances under study are evaluated via a Monte‐Carlo simulation study by estimating expected widths (EW) as well as expected out‐of‐control points (EPO). In the simulation, the average out of control run length (ARL1) is considered the best method for analyzing sensitivity of the control charts. The outcomes of the simulation analysis revealed that the proposed SDDM‐control chart is well performed and very close contender of the classical S‐control chart insofar that the improvement in process variability is very similar to that of the S‐control chart. In addition, the architecture layout of the proposed SDDM‐control chart is more powerful than the conventional S‐control chart for the smaller sample size value (n) that is the most realistic situation in SPC applications. Hence the proposed chart is equally compatible for shift detection under normal process. In case of abnormal processes, the proposed SDDM‐control limits are less affected by the presence of outliers. A real‐life dataset is evaluated to help our observations from the simulation analysis for illustrative purposes. Consequently, the SDDM version of the S‐control chart is recommended to be used by the practitioners in various fields of industry, engineering, medical and physical sciences.
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis with an unusual bronchoscopic complication
Authors: Sweeney Duncan J. , Munsif Maitri , Pilcher David , Stirling Rob G. , Leong Tracy L.
Published: October 2021

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare respiratory syndrome, which can be challenging to diagnose given its non‐specific presentation and imaging findings. While most primary cases of PAP have an autoimmune basis, the triggers for the disease are uncertain with occupational factors increasingly thought to be important. We report the unusual complication of pneumomediastinum and bilateral pneumothoraces following endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspirate in the setting of PAP. We discuss the possible physiological mechanisms of this complication, which appears to be more common in conditions with reduced lung compliance.
Entrectinib forROS1‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer after crizotinib‐induced interstitial lung disease: A case report
Authors: Tanimura Mai , Kataoka Nobutaka , Kunimatsu Yusuke , Tsutsumi Rei , Sato Izumi , Nakano Takayuki , Tanimura Keiko , Takeda Takayuki
Published: October 2021

Chromosomal rearrangements involving the c‐ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) are identified in approximately 1% of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Crizotinib is the first tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) againstROS1‐rearranged NSCLC. G2032R, a secondary resistant mutation, is observed in 41% of patients treated with crizotinib. Entrectinib, a TKI against neurotrophic tropomyosin receptor kinase, is reportedly efficacious againstROS1‐rearranged NSCLC. However,ROS1‐G2032R is resistant to entrectinib both in vitro and in vivo. We report an 85‐year‐old female patient withROS1‐rearranged NSCLC, who developed drug‐induced interstitial lung disease (DI‐ILD) 2 months after crizotinib treatment, and was treated with prednisolone followed by entrectinib. Entrectinib treatment resulted in stable disease with a marginal response after a partial response to crizotinib. Entrectinib treatment following crizotinib cessation due to DI‐ILD was efficacious, which suggested thatROS1‐G2032R gatekeeper mutation, frequently observed in crizotinib‐resistant disease, was absent.