bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
importância do olhar das crianças e suas representações sobre ciência na educação infantil
Authors: Abel Letícia Bett , Schwambach Ailim
Published: March 2022

A presente pesquisa teve como problema saber qual a perspectiva que as crianças possuem em relação às concepções de ciência e pesquisa. Para tanto organizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva e qualitativa em uma escola particular do município de Novo Hamburgo – RS. Para isso foram utilizados como ferramenta de investigação desenhos, registros gráficos e diálogos das crianças da faixa etária dos 5 aos 6 anos. Buscou-se compreender o olhar destas crianças em relação aos temas ciência e gênero, visando a compreender as representações do pensamento infantil em relação à ciência e a quem faz ciência. Autores como Rosset (2017), e a Base Nacional Comum Curricular e o Referencial Curricular Gaúcho: Educação Infantil entre outros autores foram utilizados como referência nesta pesquisa. Ao final novos olhares e reflexões a respeito do tema foram emergindo, buscando compreender o potencial infantil e seu protagonismo perante a ciência e a pesquisa, assim como buscar novas alternativas como docentes para potencializar as crianças na busca de respostas às suas curiosidades e também no processo científico.
Paleontologia na Educação básica
Authors: Leite Marcelo Guglielmi
Published: March 2022

A Paleontologia figura nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN) como temática inerente à educação básica, estando presente em muitos livros didáticos vinculada aos conceitos geológicos. Abordagens mais completas sobre o tema são, ainda, muito ausentes no currículo, devido a inúmeros fatores, como deficiência na formação de docentes e às dificuldades de aprendizado dos alunos. A Paleontologia apresenta conceitos fundamentais para o conhecimento dos fenômenos naturais e para a capacidade de reflexão crítica sobre os acontecimentos naturais referentes ao Planeta Terra e o meio ambiente. Portanto, atividades lúdicas surgem como ferramentas atrativas e eficazes as quais os professores podem utilizar para motivar o educando na jornada de aprendizagem geológica. Desse modo, são descritas aqui atividades realizadas junto a turmas de Ensino Fundamental e Médio em aulas de Geografia de 2013 até o presente em escolas públicas de Gravataí (RS), propondo o uso da Paleontologia através de atividades lúdicas na construção do conhecimento geológico na disciplina de Geografia, especificamente nos conteúdos referentes à Geografia Física. A ideia visa à aproximação do aluno ao paleontológico, à realidade e aos temas geológicos referentes à Geografia. A Geografia, nesse contexto, é imprescindível, uma vez que é incumbida da tarefa de auxiliar a inserir a solidariedade e o pensamento crítico nas novas gerações, a partir de reflexões sobre o uso racional dos recursos naturais e do desenvolvimento técnico-científico na produção do espaço geográfico. Uma parcela das atividades já foi concluída, e outras ainda estão em fase de conclusão ou em andamento, e os resultados obtidos têm sido bastante significativos no que se refere ao compartilhamento e exposição do conhecimento geológico técnico-científico em linguagem acessível, facilitando a compreensão dos alunos. Foram também comparados e analisados os índices de acertos dos estudantes nas atividades lúdicas propostas com relação aos conceitos trabalhados de forma tradicional e observou-se aumento considerável dos acertos quando do uso da proposta, corroborando o maior interesse e aprendizado quando da realização da atividade lúdica. Portanto, as atividades estão auxiliando na aprendizagem quanto a apropriação de conceitos, mas espera-se que também contribuam no sentido de ajudar na mobilização dos educadores para a importância e eficiência de práticas mais dinâmicas, que incentivem o aluno e a proposição de alternativas à educação bancária e longínqua da realidade.
Ana Terra e Catarina
Authors: Lippert Monalisa , Goldmeyer Marguit Carmen
Published: March 2022

O presente artigo disserta acerca da mulher na sociedade e na literatura do Rio Grande do Sul, tendo a autora como objetivo analisar como Ana Terra e Catarina, personagens da literatura sul-riograndense, podem inspirar mulheres da atualidade na luta por espaço na sociedade. Para tanto examinaram-se as características da literatura sul-riograndense, como a mulher está inserida nela e a história da mulher na sociedade, bem como exploram-se as obras Ana Terra, de Érico Veríssimo, e A ferro e fogo I - Tempo de solidão, de Josué Guimarães. Constatou-se que as personagens Ana Terra e Catariana podem inspirar mulheres na busca por independência e determinação, uma vez que mostram poder e força em uma época em que a mulher era naturalmente submissa ao homem. Como embasamento para a elaboração do presente artigo foram utilizados os teóricos Luiz Marobin, Regina Zilberman, José Clemente Pozenato, Constância Lima Duarte, além de outros autores da área.
limites do Ensino Fundamental I
Authors: Bender Gabrieli Maria , Meinhardt Giovani
Published: March 2022

Este trabalho de pesquisa tem como objetivo avaliar a importância dos limites no Ensino Fundamental I, dando ênfase na problematização de transtornos e de esquemas mentais. A ausência dos limites na escola está muito presente na atualidade. Desse modo será visto como os alunos se comportam diante dos seus docentes, demonstrando se há falta de limites dentro da sala de aula. A pesquisa foi realizada em duas escolas públicas, uma no Vale do Caí e a outra na Encosta da Serra. Para dar seguimento, o processo deu-se por pesquisa de cunho qualitativo, utilizando estudos bibliográficos e um estudo de campo para a aplicação de entrevistas e questionários, através dos quais se procura interpretar as concepções dos professores perante os seus pareceres sobre os limites no Ensino Fundamental I. Para finalizar, efetuou-se a coleta de dados, relacionando com a fundamentação teórica e analisaram-se os resultados.
Núcleo de casas enxaimel de Ivoti
Authors: Silva Thainá Tuanne Borges da
Published: March 2022

Este trabalho tem como objetivo geral fazer uma pesquisa sobre dois aspectos: o processo de revitalização do Núcleo de Casas Enxaimel e a perspectiva da comunidade sobre o espaço, situado no município de Ivoti, Rio Grande do Sul. O processo de revitalização iniciou-se em consequência do tombamento da Ponte do Imperador em 13 de junho de 1988. A partir deste tombamento, em 1989, as equipes técnicas do IPHAN realizaram um levantamento do entorno desse patrimônio e constataram que o referido Núcleo era o mais original e intacto assentamento de origem da imigração alemã no Estado. Com esta pesquisa, procuro averiguar como ocorreu a revitalização do espaço, tornando-o um dos pontos turísticos mais visitados da região, e por qual motivo os Ivotienses frequentam esse Núcleo de Casas. Para este intento, analiso os documentos referentes ao levantamento efetuado na época, além de revisar a bibliografia sobre o antigo distrito Bom Jardim, atual Ivoti, buscando perceber quais as características que nortearam o IPHAN durante o processo de revitalização desse patrimônio. Concluo que os moradores de Ivoti visitam esse patrimônio histórico por sua paisagem cultural, ou seja, ao frequentarem o espaço sentem-se invadidos pela beleza, natureza e tranquilidade que ele propicia.
Masyarakat dan Sistem Ekonomi Islam
Authors: Merisa Oktapianti,  , Muhammad Iqbal Fasa  , Suharto
Published: March 2022

In life, Islam teaches its adherents to fight for the happiness of this world and the hereafter. Likewise with happiness when living life in the world, namely physical and spiritual prosperity. In preventing economic chaos, conflicts of interest in economic matters must be minimized, supported by all legal regulations in a society. So it is necessary to have a system that regulates the rights and obligations of the people in the state, especially in the economic field based on the Qur'an and As-Sunnah. The current economic system in Indonesia is arguably not good enough. When viewed from all existing systems, the capitalist system has mastered various lines to make people fall into poverty. Islamic finance can be a candidate for the conventional financial reform agenda. This opened the door for significant monetary reforms in today's prevalent economic system. This paper aims to provide economic reasons for Islamic finance and answer problems such as how the Islamic economic system.
Creating a Just and Joyful World for Dogs
Authors: Miller Tiro
Published: March 2022

Framing debates about how we should relate to companion animals as "rights vs welfare" is misleading and potentially harmful. Far from being the sole territory of abolitionists, many working behavior consultants today are using concepts that come from animal rights theory, although they may not recognize them as such. This article uses the theories of Sue Donaldson and Will Kymlicka to explain how animal rights can inform how we relate to and treat companion animals in our care, and argues that extending rights to our pets is both a moral obligation and a logical conclusion to the beliefs many behavior consultants already evince.
Prognostic factors and their effects on mortality in patients with COVID-19 with pneumothorax
Authors: Yakşi Osman , Kılıçgün Ali
Published: March 2022

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting pneumothorax development, lung expansion difficulty, and the impact on mortality in novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) patients.

Methods: Between March 2020 and January 2021, a total of 6,108 COVID-19 patients (3,050 males, 3,058 females; mean age: 49±17.6 years, range, 12 to 89 years) who presented to our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 (the COVID-19-pneumothorax group) consisted of patients developing pneumothorax while under treatment for COVID-19. Group 2 (COVID-19-without pneumothorax group) consisted of consecutive patients with pulmonary involvement during the same period, requiring intensive care, but not developing pneumothorax. Biochemical test results were examined for the day of hospitalization, day of transfer to intensive care unit, and Day 5 of intensive care unit stay. Lung parenchyma involvement rates on thoracic computed tomography, duration of drainage, duration of intensive care unit stay, and morbidity/mortality data were investigated.

Results: Of all patients with COVID-19, 2,342 were admitted to our clinic and 460 needed intensive care. Pneumothorax developed in 21 patients (0.34% of all patients and 0.9% of hospitalized patients). Significant involvement diffusion on computed tomography, ferritin and D-dimer elevation, and low lymphocyte (%) values were observed in the COVID-19 patients with pneumothorax. Pneumothorax development, and ferritin and D-dimer elevation were most correlated with mortality at regression analysis. There was a significant difference in difficulty in lung expansion between COVID-19 patients who developed pneumothorax and who did not.

Conclusion: Pneumothorax may develop in COVID-19 patients whose biochemical parameters worsen, and expansion difficulty may be experienced, which is likely to be associated with mortality.
Georg Höltker SVD (1895‒1976)
Authors: Grauer Harald
Published: March 2022

This study is the first to focus on the life and work of the Divine Word Missionary and anthropologist Georg Höltker (1895–1976) in a monograph. The work reconstructs the life of this important member of the Anthropos Institute against the background of his membership in a missionary society, interpreting the latter as a transnational network. Through this, it also casts a new light on the history of the Anthropos Institute.

The study is aimed at people interested in the history of cultural anthropology and the history of missiology. It offers insights into how knowledge was generated and popularized in Catholic missionary societies and religious communities in the 20th century.
Use of Hybrid Methods (Hole-Drilling and Ring-Core) for the Analysis of the RS on Welded Joints
Authors: Zuccarello Bernardo
Published: March 2022

The hybrid methods (HMs) for the residual stress (RS) analysis, such as the well-known hole-drilling method (HDM) and the ring-core method (RCM), have been widely developed since 80’. They are mechanical methods based on the partial relaxation of the RSs that occur when a proper geometry variation of the analysed component is introduced by drilling a hole (HDM) or a proper annular groove (RCM). The RS computation is performed by measuring the strains relaxed on surface and then by combine properly such measured strains with the influence coefficients previously computed accurately by using a numerical codes that consider the geometry of the particular component to be examined. In such a manner, the HMs can be potentially applied to any RS distribution independently from the cause that have caused them. In more detail, the HMs can be used for the analysis of the RS on welded joint by using both classical welding methods, as MIG or TIG processes, or modern methods as friction stir welding, etc. In the present chapter, after a brief presentation of the theory of the HMs, their application to various cases of welding joints are treated, and the possible limitation are discussed.
Strategy as Plan for Technology Integration to Reposition Lecturers for the New Normal in Higher Education
Authors: R. Ngcapu Sibongile , Simelane-Mnisi Sibongile , Mji Andile
Published: March 2022

This chapter reports on the strategy as plan using ICT policy that could impact on repositioning the lecturers for the integration of technology for the new normal in education. Global, the COVID-19 pandemic distinctly exposed the unpreparedness of lecturers to integrate technology in teaching and learning when the shutdown of the higher institutions was announced. The participants consisted of 37 lecturers from four departments in the School of Education at a university of technology in South Africa. A qualitative case study method was used. An open-ended questionnaire, individual interviews and document analysis were used to collect data. Atlas.ti was used to analyse data. The findings revealed that the study University does not have the eLearning policy to enforce technology integration. Hence the unpreparedness of lecturers to integrate was discovered during Covid-19. It is recommended the study university develops an ICT policy, involving lecturers as stakeholders to promote ownership and conformability.
Normative Mineralogy Especially for Shales, Slates, and Phyllites
Authors: Wolfgang Wagner Hans
Published: March 2022

First, an insight into normative mineralogy and the most important methods for calculating the standard or norm minerals, such as the CIPW norm, is given. This is followed by a more detailed explanation of “slatenorm” and “slatecalculation” for low and very low metamorphic rocks, such as phyllites, slates, and shales. They are particularly suitable for fine-grained rocks where the mineral content is difficult to determine. They enable the determination of a virtual mineral inventory from full chemical analysis, including the values of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon (C), and sulfur (S). The determined norm or standard minerals include the minerals—feldspars, carbonates, micas, hydro-micas, chlorites, ore minerals, and quartz. The advantages of slatenorm and slatecalculation compared to other methods for calculating normal minerals of sedimentary rocks are discussed.
Worldwide Colistin Use and Spread of Resistant-Enterobacteriaceae in Animal Production
Authors: Miranda Carla , Igrejas Gilberto , Capita Rosa , Alonso-Calleja Carlos , Poeta Patrícia
Published: March 2022

Colistin has been administrated for a long time in both human and veterinary medicine. Since the detection of the colistin resistance gene in animals, the increased concern about the impact on public health of colistin resistance has been evident, and several measures have been implemented. Some countries banned colistin use in food-producing animals, however, other countries continue the animal administration of colistin without restrictions. Consequently, colistin resistance originated on animal production can be transmitted to humans through the food chain or the contaminated environment. Nowadays, this antibiotic was considered as the last resort for the treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections or patients with fibrosis cystic. For these reasons, this review aimed to summarize the trend of antimicrobial use in livestock and aquaculture production, as well as, colistin-resistant bacteria in these animals, and the impact of its resistance on human health and the environment. In general, consumption and colistin use in livestock production have shown to decrease worldwide. In animal production, the detection of mcr genes, is well documented, demonstrating global dissemination of colistin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae isolates and the emergence of novel colistin-resistant genes. Moreover, identification of these genes has also been reported in animal food, humans and the environment.
SOFC-Gas Turbine Hybrid Power Plant: Exergetic Study
Authors: Faleh Salha , Khir Tahar
Published: March 2022

The combined solid oxide fuel cells and gas turbine hybrid system is known to be a promise alternative for power generation with high efficiency. This paper presents the third part of the parametric study of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell/Gas Turbine (SOFC/GT) hybrid system generating 120 MW Net power. The studied parameters are Pressure P, pre-reformed fraction Xr, extraction fraction fs, H2 flow, and air flow. Their effects on the performances of SOFC-GT hybrid system are investigated. The Engineering Equations Solver (EES) simulation is established to analyze the SOFC-GT exergetic and energetic system performances. The results show that increasing the air and fuel flows enhance system exergy. In contrary, the pressure at the SOFC and the extraction fraction negatively affects the exergy performance of the hybrid plant. It is also found that the combustion chamber, pre-reformer, and SOFC represent the greatest exergy destroyers.
Linkage between Urban Aerosols Distribution and Large-Scale Circulation
Authors: Mbululo Yassin
Published: March 2022

This chapter analyzed the dynamics of the atmospheric boundary layer structure (ABLS), Antarctic Oscillation Index (AAOI), and its relationship with air pollution. With regard to the linkage between Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) and pollutants distribution, AAOI was correlated with the dust surface mass concentration of PM2.5 over the mainland China, whereby the boreal summer (June and July) AAO signals (JJ–AAOI) was selected as the determinant factor in establishing a relationship with pollutants during boreal winter. It was found that the average of JJ–AAOI has a significant correlation with the dust surface mass concentration of PM2.5. Months from August to October were the most significant months over the Antarctic. These findings imply that the signals of JJ–AAOI can be stored in Antarctic Sea ice from August to October before affecting the ABL which at the end also affects the pollutant distribution. Analysis of the relationship between dust surface mass concentration of PM2.5 and the large-scale circulation involved the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) of the decomposed winter dust surface mass concentration of PM2.5. The time series from the EOF1 analysis showed a wave train of four years of positive and negative (+, −, +) followed by a decadal negative value.
Postmodernist Ideas and Their Translation into a Critical Pedagogy for Young Children
Authors: Eric Wilkinson John
Published: March 2022

Over the past 30 years, postmodernism has established a firm foothold in the Arts, Literature, Architecture, and Philosophy. However, in Education, the adoption of the postmodernist paradigm into teaching and learning in educational settings is still in its infancy, especially in early childhood education and care where many argue that the ideas of postmodernism are most needed. Academics and some administrators now acknowledge that the social consequences arising from the Age of Modernity are adversely affecting humanity. A clarion call has been sounded for a radical re-alignment of the curriculum and pedagogy for young children to re-shape their social attitudes and behaviour. This chapter claims that the education of children in their early years needs to be informed and reformed by postmodernist ideas. In a recent publication, it was argued that the focus of early childhood education and care be shifted from a central focus on ‘the self’ to one where children learn to be located in social contexts where the emphasis is on greater critical awareness, social responsibility and social justice. After briefly contextualizing postmodernism, the chapter explores how a critical pedagogy for young children might emerge.
Histologic and Clinical Correlates of Multiplex Stool Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay Results
Authors: Hissong Erika , Mowers Jon , Zhao Lili , Greenson Joel K. , Bachman Michael , Lamps Laura W.
Published: March 2022

Context.—

Multiplex stool polymerase chain reaction tests (SPTs) simultaneously test for many enteric pathogens. However, the clinical significance of a positive result, particularly in the context of chronic gastrointestinal disease, remains controversial.

Objective.—

To determine whether SPT results correlate with findings on colon biopsies obtained within a week of SPT or with clinical features.

Design.—

We reviewed 261 colon biopsies during a 15-month period that were obtained within a week of SPT, along with available clinical information, from patients with and without chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (CIIBD). Statistical analysis was used to test associations between SPT result, histologic features, and clinical variables.

Results.—

The most commonly detected pathogens were Clostridium difficile, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, and norovirus. The presence of underlying CIIBD did not correlate with a positive SPT result or with a specific pathogen. Positive SPT result was significantly associated with neutrophilic activity, pseudomembranes, and increased intraepithelial lymphocytes. In addition, the presence of C difficile on SPT was significantly associated with pseudomembranes and neutrophilic activity. There were no other statistically significant relationships between SPT result and any other histologic abnormality. Only about half of SPT positive results were acted on clinically, and most patients with CIIBD were managed as having a presumed IBD flare.

Conclusions.—

SPTs have many advantages; however, interpretation of results, particularly in the background of chronic gastrointestinal disease, remains a challenge. Therapeutic decisions influenced by a positive SPT result should integrate biopsy findings, clinical data, and other laboratory testing to avoid inappropriate treatment.
Elaboração de etograma para poedeiras criadas em gaiolas
Authors: Ferreira Joyce Augusta , Valentim Jean Kaique , Machado Luiz Carlos , Oliveira Helder Freitas de
Published: March 2022

A avicultura, no Brasil, evoluiu muito nas últimas décadas, sendo ainda proeminente, contribuindo de maneira significativa para o agronegócio brasileiro. Um dos fatores importantes para o sucesso da produção avícola é o monitoramento e o controle eficiente do ambiente de criação, que colaboram para a promoção de maior nível de bem-estar para as aves criadas em sistema de confinamento. O estudo do comportamento animal é, tradicionalmente, realizado através de observações visuais dos animais, o que consome tempo e gera decisões subjetivas e susceptíveis ao erro humano. O objetivo geral deste projeto foi elaborar um etograma e avaliar de maneira eficiente o comportamento de galinhas poedeiras alojadas em gaiolas, por meio de gravações digitais. Foram utilizadas aves da linhagem comercial Hisex Brown e Hisex White com 51 semanas de vida, criadas em gaiolas com capacidade para duas aves. Para analisar as imagens, foi proposto um etograma composto por 12 eventos comuns neste tipo de sistema, o qual registrou os seguintes comportamentos: “sentada”, “comendo”, “bebendo”, “explorando penas”, “bicagem não agressiva”, “bicagem agressiva”, “movimentos de conforto”, “ócio”, “postura”, “estereotipia”, “bico aberto” e “asas abertas”. A partir da avaliação deste etograma, percebeu-se que o comportamento “comendo” ocupou a maior parte do tempo das aves (58%), seguido pelo comportamento “parada” (17,3%) e “movimentos de conforto” (8,8%). Os outros 16% foram distribuídos entre os eventos: “bebendo”, “explorando penas”, “bicagem não agressiva”, “bicagem agressiva” e “bico aberto”. Nas condições de ambiência e temperatura em que o experimento foi realizado, as galinhas manifestaram comportamento de “bico aberto” em 100% do tempo no período da tarde, indicando clara situação de estresse calórico. Dessa maneira, o etograma funcionou como uma aferição indireta do grau de ambiência destes animais, o que reflete de maneira direta no atendimento aos preceitos de bem-estar animal, quesito fundamental para a produção moderna de ovos.
ASH Highlights and Commentary: Myeloid Malignancies
Authors: Lyle, MS, PA-C Lindsey
Published: March 2022

This supplement to JADPRO provides an overview of several abstracts that were presented at the 2021 ASH Annual Meeting, along with expert commentary that aims to contextualize the information presented at ASH for the advanced practitioner. Lindsey Lyle, MS, PA-C, of University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, considers promising results in the myeloid malignancies space. Ms. Lyle highlights long-term data on the combination of eprenetapopt (APR-246) and azacitidine in patients with TP53-mutated acute myeloid leukemia/myelodysplastic syndromes, a new option for patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, and valuable insights into Black and non-Black patient preferences regarding their treatment and communication with their providers.
Women Entrepreneurs’ Education Level, Political Skill, and Firm Performance: Political Influence and Human Capital Theories
Authors: Demirbağ Orkun , Demirbağ Kübra , Batı Gülgönül
Published: March 2022

Purpose: Because of the growing interest in the literature in education and political skill as facilitators of firm performance, this article aims to reveal whether there is a moderating role of women entrepreneurs’ political skill on the relationship between their education level and firm performance when firm- and entrepreneur-level characteristics remain under control. Methodology: The study was conducted in Istanbul, Kocaeli, and Bursa, cities with the lowest gender gap in Turkey. The participants of the questionnaires were 291 entrepreneurs who are members of the Women Entrepreneurs Association of Turkey (KAGIDER), the Women Entrepreneur Members of Endeavor Turkey, and the TOBB Women Entrepreneurs. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed to analyze the dataset. Findings: When firm- and the entrepreneur-level characteristics remain under control, women entrepreneurs’ political skill shows a moderator role in the relationship between women entrepreneurs’ education level and firm performance. Practical Implications: A bachelor’s degree or higher, along with political skill, allow women entrepreneurs to increase their firm performance. Furthermore, the higher the political skill, the higher the effect of education level on firm performance. Originality/Value: This is the first study to investigate the moderating role of political skill of women entrepreneurs in the relationship between education level and firm performance. Moreover, political influence and human capital theories are jointly applied to the theoretical model.
Expert Q-learning: Deep Reinforcement Learning with Coarse State Values from Offline Expert Examples
Authors: Meng Li , Yazidi Anis , Goodwin Morten , Engelstad Paal
Published: March 2022

In this article, we propose a novel algorithm for deep reinforcement learning named Expert Q-learning. Expert Q-learning is inspired by Dueling Q-learning and aims to incorporate semi-supervised learning into reinforcement learning through splitting Q-values into state values and action advantages. We require that an offline expert assesses the value of a state in a coarse manner using three discrete values. An expert network is designed in addition to the Q-network, which updates each time following the regular offline minibatch update whenever the expert example buffer is not empty. Using the board game Othello, we compare our algorithm with the baseline Q-learning algorithm, which is a combination of Double Q-learning and Dueling Q-learning. Our results show that Expert Q-learning is indeed useful and more resistant to the overestimation bias. The baseline Q-learning algorithm exhibits unstable and suboptimal behavior in non-deterministic settings, whereas Expert Q-learning demonstrates more robust performance with higher scores, illustrating that our algorithm is indeed suitable to integrate state values from expert examples into Q-learning.
Fast accuracy estimation of deep learning based multi-class musical source separation
Authors: Mocanu Alexandru , Ricaud Benjamin , Cernak Milos
Published: March 2022

Music source separation represents the task of extracting all the instruments from a given song. Recent breakthroughs on this challenge have gravitated around a single dataset, MUSDB, only limited to four instrument classes. Larger datasets and more instruments are costly and time-consuming in collecting data and training deep neural networks (DNNs). In this work, we propose a fast method to evaluate the separability of instruments in any dataset without training and tuning a DNN.This separability measure helps to select appropriate samples for the efficient training of neural networks. Based on the oracle principle with an ideal ratio mask, our approach is an excellent proxy to estimate the separation performances of state-of-the-art deep learning approaches such as TasNet or Open-Unmix.Our results contribute to revealing two essential points for audio source separation: 1) the ideal ratio mask, although light and straightforward, provides an accurate measure of the audio separability performance of recent neural nets, and 2) new end-to-end learning methods such as Tasnet, that operate directly on waveforms, are, in fact, internally building a Time-Frequency (TF) representation, so that they encounter the same limitations as the TF based-methods when separating audio pattern overlapping in the TF plane.
Surrogate-data-enriched Physics-Aware Neural Networks
Authors: Leiteritz Raphael , Buchfink Patrick , Haasdonk Bernard , Pflüger Dirk
Published: March 2022

Neural networks can be used as surrogates for PDE models. They can be made physics-aware by penalizing underlying equations or the conservation of physical properties in the loss function during training. Current approaches allow to additionally respect data from numerical simulations or experiments in the training process. However, this data is frequently expensive to obtain and thus only scarcely available for complex models. In this work, we investigate how physics-aware models can be enriched with computationally cheaper, but inexact, data from other surrogate models like Reduced-Order Models (ROMs). In order to avoid trusting too-low-fidelity surrogate solutions, we develop an approach that is sensitive to the error in inexact data. As a proof of concept, we consider the one-dimensional wave equation and show that the training accuracy is increased by two orders of magnitude when inexact data from ROMs is incorporated.
A New View at the Arabic Teaching Process through Generation Z
Authors: HARMANCI Hasan
Published: March 2022

Bu çalışmada geçmişten günümüze genel olarak dünyada özelde ise Türkiye’de teknolojik alanda yaşanan değişimlerle birlikte teoride ve pratikte yaşanan değişime ve bunun Z kuşağına yansıması kısaca incelendikten sonra ülkemizde Arapça
öğretimine dair hazırlanan çalışmaların genel muhtevasına bakılacaktır. Türkiye’de Arap Dili eğitimine dair hazırlanan çalışmalar genel bir incelemeye tabi tutulduktan sonra, bugünkü Arapça öğrencilerinin eskisinden farklı olarak
dünyaya nev-i şahsına münhasır bakışları ve bunun dil öğrenimine yansıma ihtimaline dikkat çekilecektir. Şimdiye kadar ülkemizde Arapça öğretimine dair hazırlanan teorik çalışmalar ile Arapça öğrencilerinin sanal dünya ile yaşadıkları
pratik arasında yaşanan tezat da bu çalışmanın ortaya çıkış sürecini oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın devam eden bölümlerinde bu alanda yoğunlaşılması gerektiğini düşündüğümüz türdeki daha yenilikçi çalışmalara değinilecektir. Akademik
dünyada hazırlanan bu konudaki araştırmalarda sıklıkla Arapça öğretim teknikleri ile Arapça öğretici kadrosunda sahip olunması gereken özelliklere yoğunlaşılırken değişen öğrenci tipolojisine farklı disiplinler, değişen dünya gerçeklikleri
üzerinden yeterince odaklanılmadığı görülmektedir. Günümüz dünyasında küreselleşme, post endüstriyel devrim, dijital dönüşüm, metaverse, gittikçe güç kazanan sanal dünya, hiper gerçeklik gibi farklılaşan gündelik hayat koşulları
ile birlikte başta çocuklar ve gençler olmak üzere insanların bilinci hızlı bir şekilde değişmekte ve bu süreç eğitim dünyasını hem teorik hem de pratik düzeyde sayısız yeni vakıa ile karşı karşıya bırakmaktadır. Değişime adapte
olma konusunda gençlere nazaran daha fazla zorluk yaşayan orta yaş ve üstü eğitim mensuplarının bu hususiyetinin üzerinde durulması gereken bir durum olduğu kanaatini taşımaktayız. Yukarıda açıklamaya çalıştığımız problemin sarih
bir şekilde tanımlanması adına Arap dili öğretim teknikleri dışında başka disiplinlerden de istifade eden bu çalışma meselenin genişliği ve zorluğu dikkate alındığında bir makale boyutunu ziyadesiyle aşması sebebiyle mevzu bahis
sorunu işaret etme ve yapılması gereken muhtemel Arap dili eğitimi çalışmalarının muhtevasına dair görüş ve önerilerle sonlandırılacaktır.
Negus al-Harisi and his Satires
Authors: MARAL Cüneyt
Published: March 2022

Arapların divanı olarak nitelendirilen şiir, tarih sahnesine çıktığı günden itibaren sadece edebi bir meta olmakla kalmamış onların yaşamlarına da eşlik etmiştir. Şiir Arap toplumunun hüzün, sevinç, yergi ve övgülerinin yansıdığı sahne
haline gelmiştir. Bunun yanında şiir, toplumsal etkileşimin yaşandığı ve ekonominin kalbinin attığı panayırların vazgeçilmezi haline gelmiştir. Bu da şairlerin toplum nazarında önemli ve etkin bir konuma gelmesini sağlamıştır.
Buna binaen kabilevî yapıyı benimsemiş olan Araplar, övgü ve yergilerini de şairlerin üzerinden icra etmeye çalışmışlardır. Asabiyet bağını önemseyen kabilevi yapılar, şairler eşliğinde sahip oldukları güç, konum ve maddi varlıklarla
övünürken muhataplarını bu hususlardan yoksun olmakla yermişlerdir. Toplumsal davranış haline gelen bu faaliyetler zamanla, yerginin edebi kisveye bürünmüş hali olan hicvin bir şiir türüne dönüşmesini sağlamıştır. Buna ek olarak
tarihi olaylara eşlik eden hiciv, meydana gelen devinimlere mutabık olarak içerikleri ve metaforlarıyla değişimlere uğramıştır. Necâşî el-Harisî de (ö. 40/660?) bahsi geçen devinimlere şahit olan hiciv şairidir. Muhadram şairlerden
olan Necâşî’nin günümüze ulaşan hicivleri, cahiliye döneminden sınırlı bir kesiti yansıtmasına rağmen Sâdru’l-İslam döneminin önemli bir kesitini yansıtmaktadır. Necâşî, özellikle siyasi-itikadi olayların yaşandığı çalkantılı dönemde,
ilkin Hz. Ali’nin yanında yer almış, daha sonra Hz. Muaviye’nin safına geçmiştir. Dolayısıyla bahse konu olan hicivler hem tarihi açıdan hem de hiciv sanatında tarihsel devinimlerin etkisini ortaya koymak bakımından da önem arz
etmektedir. Bu makalede bahsi geçen mülahazalar ışığında Necâşî’nin hicivleri analiz edilip hicvin muhteva açısından geçirdiği değişikliklere işaret edilecektir.
НОВОЕ АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ПЛЕЙСТОЦЕНОВОЕ МЕСТОНАХОЖДЕНИЕ МУОСТАХ, "II Международная конференция «Археология Арктики»"
Authors: Кандыба А.В. , Павлов И.С. , Зоткина Л.В. , Протопопов А.В.
Published: March 2022

Изучение проблемы первоначального освоения и последующего расселения древними популяциями человека экстремальных природных зон является сложным для изучения, но в случае обнаружения археологических и палеонтологических местонахождений - очень информативным источником. Обнаружение в 2020 г. местонахождения Муостах на одноименном мысе полуострова Быковский демонстрирует поверхностный характер залегания палеонтологического и археологического материала. В силу продолжающейся активной термоденудации происходит разрушение рельефа мыса, особенной в приморской его части. Чуть менее активно термоденудационные процессы действуют по долинам рек и ручьев, на относительно ровных тундровых площадях вдали от водотоков развиваются термокарстовые процессы. Все это способствует обнаружению палеонтологических остатков мамонтовой фауны. Обнаруженные кости в зависимости от того, залегали ли они в мерзлоте или были перезахоронены, имеют разную степень сохранности и в основном фрагментированы. В разрозненном состоянии обнаружены останки восьми видов плейстоценовой фауны (мамонт, бизон, северный олень, сайгак, лошадь, волк, заяц, овцебык), часть которых была фрагментирована, предположительно, древним человеком. Предварительный трасологический анализ палеонтологического материала с местонахождения Муостах показал, что следы искусственной обработки присутствуют на пяти из них. На фрагменте бивня мамонта были зафиксированы серии насечек разной глубины, направленные практически под прямым углом друг к другу. На одной из поверхностей кости волка отмечаются ярко выраженные следы строгания, большая серия разнонаправленных насечек и интенсивная сглаженность, предположительно, связанная с лощением. На двух фрагментах костей мамонта общие морфологические особенности указывают на преднамеренное отделение этих фрагментов, предположительно, путем рубки. Пластинка из бивня мамонта обнаруживает нескольких больших серий линейных следов разной направленности и глубины на внешней стороне. Общая форма предмета также указывает на ее искусственное получение путем расклинивания. Точный возраст местонахождения на данный момент определить трудно. Обнаруженный видовой состав местонахождения Муостах позволяет говорить о принадлежности костей к плейстоценовой фауне.
ОЦЕНКА ПОЛОЖЕНИЯ ТРАДИЦИОННОГО СЕВЕРНОГО ОЛЕНЕВОДСТВА НА ОСНОВЕ СТАТИСТИЧЕСКИХ ДАННЫХ О ПОГОЛОВЬЕ ОЛЕНЕЙ: ОСНОВНЫЕ ГЕОГРАФИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАКОНОМЕРНОСТИ, "II Международная конференция «Археология Арктики»"
Authors: Клоков К.Б.
Published: March 2022

В докладе представлены результаты анализа государственной статистики поголовья домашних северных оленей в разных формах собственности в разрезе муниципальных районов РФ за последние десятилетия (Клоков, 2020). Традиционное оленеводство в России существует в двух основных институциональных формах: общественные предприятия и семейные кочевые домохозяйства (часто формально объединенные в общины). Эволюция этих форм не просто различна, но часто противоположно направлена. В целом по стране она определяется политикой государства - степенью его поддержки предприятий и степенью его давления на семейные хозяйства (частный сектор), а на локальном уровне - способностями оленеводческих сообществ к адаптации. В советское время политика государства в оленеводстве была направлена на: а) увеличение поголовья, причем независимо от местных условий; б) ограничение частного сектора; в) выравнивание условий хозяйствования - поддержку, находящихся в худших условиях. В разных регионах успехи в достижении этих целей были различными, но общие тенденции сходными. В ходе рыночных реформ число оленей сократилось главным образом в предприятиях, причем в наибольшей степени в районах с худшими условиями. Ослабление гонений на частный сектор дало импульс к развитию семейных хозяйств, но только там, где для этого уже были благоприятные условия. Благоприятное для семейного оленеводства сочетание этнокультурных и географических условий сложилось только в ненецком оленеводстве в Ямальском и Тазовском районах Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа (ЯНАО), где непрерывный рост поголовья оленей начался еще в 1950-х гг. За 60 лет поголовье здесь увеличилось в четыре раза. С 2001 г. этот рост распространился на соседние с востока территории преимущественно ненецкого оленеводства в левобережной части Таймырского района Красноярского края (рост в четыре раза за 20 лет), а с 2006 г. - на соседний с запада Приуральский район ЯНАО (в четыре раза за 13 лет). Рост шел только за счет семейных хозяйств и продолжался до 2018 г. В результате в этих четырех районах сосредоточилось больше половины всего поголовья оленей РФ. На остальной территории РФ крупностадное оленеводство по-прежнему основано на институциональной форме предприятия. Его положение в целом отражает политику государства: после резкого спада в 1990-е годы, небольшой подъем в 2000-е, а с 2010 г. - новое снижение в восточных регионах и колебания на европейском севере.
«РЕГИСТР НАСЕЛЕНИЯ ОБДОРСКОГО КРАЯ»: ОПЫТ СОЗДАНИЯ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ, "II Международная конференция «Археология Арктики»"
Authors: Главацкая Е.М.
Published: March 2022

Одним из наиболее передовых и перспективных направлений современной социальной истории является анализ больших массивов первичных материалов учета населения с помощью компьютерных технологий. Наиболее масштабным зарубежным проектом по изучению народонаселения является американский «Integrated Public Use Microdata Series» (IPUMS), который реализуется Центром изучения народонаселения при Университете штата Миннесота и опирается на первичные данные переписей населения по более чем 80 странам.
ПАРАЛЛЕЛИ В ДРЕВНЕМ ИСКУССТВЕ ЯМАЛА И ЧУКОТКИ - СЛУЧАЙНОСТЬ ИЛИ ЗАКОНОМЕРНОСТЬ?, "II Международная конференция «Археология Арктики»"
Authors: Бронштейн М.М.
Published: March 2022

В результате раскопок памятников двух археологических культурных образований I тыс. н.э. - Усть-Полуйского на Ямале (конец 1 тыс. до н.э. - 1 тыс. н.э.) и Древнеберингоморского на Чукотке (даты) - в научный оборот введены изделия из кости и металла, которые с полным правом могут быть названы произведениями искусства. Сравнительный анализ этих находок позволяет выявить в них заметное сходство. Проявляется оно главным образом в самой идее передачи каких-то представлений через изображения животных, причем сюжеты этих изображений являются новыми для региона в сложной технике исполнения этих сюжетов, а также в обилии произведений и их стилистическом (или идейном) многообразии. Огромное расстояние, разделяющее эти ареалы, заметные различия в хозяйственных занятиях сухопутных охотников Ямала и морских зверобоев Чукотки, отсутствие надежных данных о каких-либо культурных связях между ними практически исключают вероятность взаимовлияний, результатом которых могло стать отмеченное сходство художественных традиций. Причины его появления следует, по-видимому, искать как в типологической общности усть-полуйского и древнеберингоморского социумов, так и в наиболее общих законах развития духовной культуры древнего общества. Таким образом, близость рассматриваемых изобразительных традиций можно в известном смысле слова назвать случайной. Однако нам представляется, что сходство в искусстве Усть-Полуя и Древнеберингоморья было обусловлено еще одним обстоятельством - большой ролью, которое играло в жизни традиционных сообществ Крайнего Севера художественное творчество. Суровый арктический климат требовал от небольших человеческих коллективов, осваивавших высокие широты, предельного напряжения физических и душевных сил, и искусство, теснейшим образом связанное с религиозными и мифологическими представлениями, а также новыми социальными явлениями, помогало людям далекого прошлого мобилизовать эти силы. Художественное творчество расширяло их позитивные знания о природе Арктики, ориентировало на активную поисковую деятельность, способствовало снятию стрессов, вызванных запредельными физическими нагрузками, полярной ночью и другими неблагоприятными для человека климатическими и природными условиями Крайнего Севера. Искусство, таким образом, представляло собой один из основных компонентов адаптивной стратегии арктических первопроходцев, и, следовательно, сходство усть-полуйской и древнеберингоморской художественных традиций можно рассматривать как достаточно закономерное явление.
СЕВЕРНЫЙ ОЛЕНЬ (Rangifer tarandus L., 1758) УСТЬ-ПОЛУЯ, "II Международная конференция «Археология Арктики»"
Authors: Бачура О.П. , Косинцев П.А.
Published: March 2022

Костные остатки северного оленя (Rangifer tarandus L., 1758) являются самыми многочисленными среди остатков млекопитающих. Все изученные выборки являются репрезентативными. В выборках из раскопов разных лет доля его среди костей млекопитающих существенно изменяется (табл. 1). По доле его остатков выделяется три группы выборок, различия между которыми можно считать значимыми. Первая группа - выборки 2009, 2010 и 2012 годов, где доля его остатков составляет от 47% до 50%; вторая группа - выборки 1993, 2006, 2011, 2013 и 2014 годов, в которых доля остатков изменяется от 61% до 66% и выборка 2015 года, в которой доля его остатков составляет 78% (табл. 1). Разные участки Усть-Полуя существенно различаются по количеству остатков северного оленя. Соотношение отделов скелета в выборках разных лет раскопок показывает относительно стабильную картину: во всех выборках наиболее малочисленны кости головы (включая изолированные зубы), немного больше фрагментов рогов и самые многочисленные - кости туловища и разных частей конечностей (табл. 2). В выборках 2006, 2009, 2010, 2015 годов соотношения отделов скелета существенно не различаются. В выборке 1993 года заметно меньше доля костей туловища; в выборке 2011,2012,2013 годов заметно больше доля костей верхнего отдела конечностей; в выборке 2014 года велика доля костей туловища. Разные участки Усть-Полуя существенно различаются по соотношению отделов скелета северного оленя. Анализ слоев в зубах показал, что северного оленя забивали осенью и зимой. Анализ изотопов стронция (87Sr/86Sr) в костях и рогах северного оленя показал, что на памятнике есть особи, обитавшие в разных геохимических районах.
ЭКВЕНСКИЙ МОГИЛЬНИК: К МЕТОДИКЕ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ ОБРАБОТКИ КОСТИ, "II Международная конференция «Археология Арктики»"
Authors: Алексашенко Н.А.
Published: March 2022

В Кунсткамере хранится большая коллекция резных костяных изделий из Эквенского могильника, расположенного в 25 км от поселка Уэлен (Первая Чукотская экспедиция ИЭ АН СССР, руководители: М.Г. Левин, С.А. Арутюнов, Д.А. Сергеев). Ее изучением уже много лет занимаются специалисты в области искусства древних эскимосов. Наше направление касается исследования технологии косторезного дела. Можем ли мы воссоздать ее, зная о специфике находок из погребений Какими источниками мы располагаем и что можем получить в результате их анализа Вопросам методики, которые можно применить для их изучения, посвящен доклад. Для реконструкции процесса обработки кости необходимо знать виды сырья, орудия и приемы (классическая триада технологии: что, чем и как обрабатывали). Визуально определено, что чаще всего в Эквене использовался клык моржа, меньше - рог северного оленя. Детализация и выявление костей других животных требует привлечения специалиста. Среди находок преобладают готовые предметы. Вопрос об инструментарии можно решать анализом найденных орудий и следов их воздействия, которые сохранились на предметах в виде канавок, поверхностных линий, отверстий, пазов. Следует учесть, что вряд ли в погребения попадают свидетельства первичной обработки костного сырья. Скорее всего, мы будем иметь инструменты для окончательного изготовления и декорирования деталей морского снаряжения, бытовых или ритуальных предметов. В настоящее время наиболее доступными для изучения являются каменные шлифованные резцы и рукояти, среди которых следует выявлять экземпляры, использованные с металлическими лезвиями. Последовательность технологических операций можно проследить, исследуя незаконченные предметы. Это возможно для массовых категорий находок, таких как наконечники гарпуна. Необходимо с помощью трасологического метода изучить микрорельеф поверхности изделий: длину линий или канавок, их профиль, ровность, неровность по всей длине, свидетельства «срывающегося» лезвия, место начала резной линии и ее завершения. Изучение гравированного орнамента особенно важно, так как он во многом маркирует культурные и хронологические комплексы Эквенского могильника. По отверстиям можно определить способы сверления кости. Часто на артефактах следы изготовления перекрыты следами их использования, что значительно затрудняет реконструкцию косторезного дела. Для верификации трасологических наблюдений требуется проведение экспериментов.