bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of postoperative bleeding in surgically debrided wounds: topical haemostat versus electrocautery
Authors: Thibodeaux Kerry T , Speyrer Marcus S , Thibodeaux Ryan P , Rogers Alan A , Rippon Mark G
Published: August 2020

Objective:

To compare the effectiveness of a temporary topical external haemostat (OMNI-STAT Granules, Omni-stat Medical Inc., US) versus the use of electrocautery for bleeding control in patients who have undergone surgical wound debridement. Time saved in the operating room (OR) was evaluated.

Method:

A prospective evaluation of use of a topical haemostat in an OR setting was compared with retrospective data collected using electrocautery to understand the time-saving benefits of using a topical haemostat versus electrocautery.

Results:

A total of 52 patients were treated with the topical haemostat, and 89 patients with electrocautery. The topical haemostat was shown to be as effective in achieving haemostasis post-surgical debridement as electrocautery, with the added benefits of significant time savings in the OR (reducing the mean total OR time by 19.1%). Additionally, preprocedure and surgical procedure times in patients treated with the topical haemostat were significantly reduced. The results showed that wounds treated with the topical haemostat demonstrated a more advanced stage of healing, which may be a result of the lack of tissue damage demonstrated with the topical haemostat compared with electrocautery.

Conclusion:

This study found that the temporary topical haemostat was equally as effective as cauterisation in achieving haemostasis. In addition, significant saving in OR time was demonstrated relative to electrocautery. The improved OR times may translate into increased cost-effectiveness, relative to electrocautery, by increasing the number of surgical cases per day and/or using resources more effectively to treat more patients. It may also enable bleeding control in the outpatient clinic or at the bedside, freeing up costly OR time and enabling more effective management of healthcare resources.
Chronic neck sinus secondary to retained polyglactin 910 suture following sub-total thyroidectomy: a case study
Authors: Ibrahim Nasiru A , Ahmad Saeed , Njokanma Iloba , Oludara Mobolaji , Akanji Akinwunmi , Ibrahim Ishola T
Published: August 2020

Objective:

Reaction to sutures is a rare cause of non-healing in clean wounds. Cases of severe reaction to silk sutures have been reported, causing chronic infection and failure of thyroidectomy wound healing. We report a case of retained polyglactin 910 suture presenting with a chronically discharging sinus of the neck after sub-total thyroidectomy.

Case:

The patient, a 37-year old female, presented with a simple benign multinodular goitre. She had subtotal thyroidectomy and was discharged on day six postoperatively, after satisfactory primary wound healing. The patient observed swelling, pus/discharge and extrusion of the suture in the neck three weeks after surgery. Discharge did not stop after initial wound debridement under local anaesthesia. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed a small area of ring-enhancement soft tissue density, anterior to the right thyroid remnant. Subsequent wound exploration under general anaesthesia revealed a sinus tract extending to the thyroid bed with undegraded strands of thickened polyglactin 910 suture. Suture remnants were removed and the wound healed satisfactorily a week later.

Conclusion:

Non-healing post thyroidectomy wounds should raise suspicion of a retained suture. Early recognition and surgical intervention will shorten the period of morbidity.
A smooth version of Sylvester's law of inertia and its numerical realization
Authors: Kunkel Peter
Published: August 2020

A smooth version of Sylvester's law of inertia is presented for symmetric matrix functions of constant rank. The techniques used in the proof are constructive but the resulting numerical approaches are unstable, and therefore require stabilization. Two different stabilization techniques are suggested, one based on a descent method and one based on Newton's method. Some numerical tests are included to demonstrate the applicability of the obtained numerical methods.
Development of Online Egg Grading Information Management System with Data Warehouse Technique
Authors: Yoon Seung-Chul , Shin Tae Sung , Lawrence Kurt , Jones Deana R.
Published: August 2020

Highlights

Digital data collection and management system is developed for the USDA-AMS’s shell-egg grading program.

Database system consisting of OLTP, data warehouse and OLAP databases enables online data entry and trend reporting.

Data and information management is done through web application servers.

Users access the databases via web browsers.

Abstract
. This paper is concerned with development of web-based online data entry and reporting system, capable of centralized data storage and analytics of egg grading records produced by USDA egg graders. The USDA egg grading records are currently managed in paper form. While there is useful information for data-driven knowledge discovery and decision making, the paper-based egg grading record system has fundamental limitations in effective and timely management of such information. Thus, there has been a demand to electronically and digitally store and manage the egg grading records in a database for data analytics and mining, such that the quality trends of eggs observed at various levels (e.g., nation or state) are readily available to decision makers. In this study, we report the design and implementation of a web-based online data entry and reporting information system (called USDA Egg Grading Information Management System, EGIMS), based on a data warehouse framework. The developed information system consisted of web applications for data entry and reporting, and internal databases for data storage, aggregation, and query processing. The internal databases consisted of online transaction processing (OLTP) database for data entry and retrieval, data warehouse (DW) for centralized data storage and online analytical processing (OLAP) database for multidimensional analytical queries. Thus, the key design goal of the system was to build a system platform that could provide the web-based data entry and reporting capabilities while rapidly updating the OLTP, DW and OLAP databases. The developed system was evaluated by a simulation study with statistically-modeled egg grading records of one hypothetical year. The study found that the EGIMS could handle approximately up to 600 concurrent users, 32 data entries per second and 164 report requests per second, on average. The study demonstrated the feasibility of an enterprise-level data warehouse system for the USDA and a potential to provide data analytics and data mining capabilities such that the queries about historical and current trends can be reported. Once fully implemented and tested in the field, the EGIMS is expected to provide a solution to modernize the egg grading practice of the USDA and produce the useful information for timely decisions and new knowledge discovery. Keywords: Data warehouse, Database, OLTP, OLAP, Egg grading, Information management, Web application, Information system, Data.
Rose Quality as Affected by Higher Air Temperatures Resulting from Poly-Tunnel Height in a Subtropical Region
Authors: Zou Ling , Li Shenchong , Falinski Kim , Wang Lihua , Zhang Yiping , Yost Russell , Wu Xuewei , Wang Jihua
Published: August 2020

Highlights

Interior temperatures increased with decreasing poly-tunnel height.

In subtropical regions, high interior temperatures of poly-tunnels could degrade quality of rose-cut flower.

Stunted growth of rose plants because of higher temperatures could lead to mis-interpretations of nutrient deficiency.

Abstract
. High temperature is a major constraint to plant production in many regions of the world. Observations indicate that poly-tunnel structure design can influence interior temperature, and in turn determine the quality of cut flowers, including the length of the stems, the leaf biomass, and nutrient uptake. In this study, interior temperature and cut-flower quality of roses were assessed in five poly-tunnels with eave heights ranging from 2 to 4 m. Interior temperatures from 11:00-15:00 h in the hottest months of July and August were monitored. Rose (Rosa hybrida ‘Peach Avalanche’) was cultivated in these poly-tunnels with the same cultivation regimes. Higher interior temperatures were observed in poly-tunnels with lower eave heights. Leaf membrane thermal stability (MTS) values were negatively correlated with higher interior temperatures, indicating that the photosynthetic system of plant leaves was impaired. Stem length and mass were decreased with higher temperature by over 50%, while leaf biomass decreased by 25% in the poly-tunnel with eave height of 2 m in comparison with that of 4 m. Nitrogen concentration in plant leaves increased with higher temperature, whereas the patterns of other elements were not associated with different poly-tunnel eave heights. These results indicate that poly-tunnel interior high temperatures that were associated with lower eave heights are a major constraint for commercialized rose-cut flower production in this region, and improved design of poly-tunnels could increase production. Keywords: Cut flower, Membrane thermal stability, Stem length, Stem mass, Yunnan Province.
Design and Applied Research of Indoor Soilless Planting Device for Sprout-Seedling Vegetables in Family Rooms
Authors: Wang Shi-fa , Li Huan-yong , Feng Chun-ya , Zhang Sheng-ai , Zhang Xue , Zhang Zhu-qi , Feng Tong , Wang Yu-yan , Ma Yi-wei
Published: August 2020

Highlights

The planting device designed in the study was very suitable for planting sprout-seedling vegetable in family room.

The humidity in the planting device was maintained higher than 80%, which far exceeded the humidity in the room.

Increasing both the humidity and water supplementation for sprouts was an innovation of this design.

The sprout yield reached 50-70 kg m
-2
yr
-1
, the economic value reached 700-1000 RMB yuan ($99.5-$142.2) m
-2
yr
-1
.

Abstract
. In this study, we designed an indoor soilless planting device for planting sprout-seedling vegetables in family rooms and used it to conduct experiments. The results showed that the indoor soilless planting device designed by us had the advantages of a high moisturizing effect (above 80%), convenient disassembly, attractive appearance, low cost and high practicability, and it was very suitable for planting sprout-seedling vegetables such as radish seedlings, water spinach seedlings, pea seedlings, pine willow seedlings, sunflower seedlings, etc. The planting device could meet the needs of people to plant sprouts in family rooms in their spare time, which could not only provide families with high-quality fresh vegetables but could also beautify indoor environments with high economic and ecological benefits. The results show that the average yield of sprout-seedling vegetables reached 50 kg m-2 yr-1 to 70 kg m-2 yr-1, and the average economic value reached 700 RMB yuan ($99.5) m-2 yr-1 to 1000 RMB yuan ($142.2) m-2 yr-1. Keywords: Design, Family rooms, Indoor, Planting device, Soiless, Sprout-seedling vegetables.
Chip scale GaAs optical phased arrays for high speed beam
steering
Authors: Wang Zihao , Liao Jiali , Sun Yanling , Han Xiang’e , Cao Yang , Zhao Run
Published: August 2020

High speed photoelectronic optical phased arrays are demonstrated by
vertically arranged GaAs-AlGaAs slab waveguides. The optical phased
arrays are composed of 15-channel independently tuned waveguide with
end-fire emission. We achieve a very fast beam steering step response
of 0.34 µs, beam divergence of 4.7°, and beam steering ranges
of around 30°with side lobe level better than 8 dB. The presented
optical phased arrays provide a superior approach for high speed beam
steering on a nano-photoelectronic integrated chip.
Improved preparation techniques for preparing high-performance GaAs photocathodes
Authors: Liu Jian , Guo Yiliang , Feng Cheng , Zhang Jingzhi , Wang Ziheng , Qian Yunsheng
Published: August 2020

Efficiency and lifetime are always problems raised with photocathodes during operation. With the purpose of obtaining high-performance GaAs photocathodes with high sensitivity and long operational lifetime, it is necessary to investigate the preparation techniques during both the cleaning and the activation procedure. By comparison with the classical preparation techniques, the improved preparation techniques with an optimized chemical etching method and activation procedure are proposed. The experimental results show that the optimized chemical etching solution is more effective in removing oxide and carbon contamination, which can help photocathodes obtain higher sensitivity. On this basis, better long wavelength response and longer operational lifetime can be obtained with the help of the more competitive activation procedure. The proposed preparation techniques will be useful for applications as a source of spin-polarized electrons.
Optical communication system using Gaussian vortex beams
Authors: Eyyuboğlu Halil Tanyer
Published: August 2020

We describe the details of an optical communication system using Gaussian vortex beams (GVBs). Our main focus will be on the detection strategy. The transmitter encodes the message symbols into the topological charges of the GVBs. Then the receiver implements a detection strategy based on the orthogonality of the GVBs. The graphical results obtained from the related theoretical derivation indicate that this detection strategy has almost no bounds. Thus, it is concluded that the performance of such a system can only be practically limited.
Optical cavity with intracavity two-photon absorption
Authors: Lehmann Kevin K.
Published: August 2020

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the optical properties of an optical cavity with both one- and two-photon intracavity absorption loss, without saturation. The cavity two-photon absorption loss per pass is assumed to be small, but otherwise the analysis is general. Analytical results for the cavity transmission as a function of cavity parameters, linear and two-photon intracavity loss, and detuning from resonance are derived and limiting cases discussed. Extraction of the two-photon loss from both cavity ring-down and cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy methods is analyzed and the predicted shot-noise limited sensitivities derived and compared. Numerical results are computed using the parameters of a recent experimental intracavity measurement of two-photon absorption of nitrous oxide. The results will be useful in the design and interpretation of cavity-enhanced, two-photon absorption spectroscopy.
Hybrid pulse propagation model and quasi-phase-matched four-wave mixing in multipass cells
Authors: Hanna Marc , Daher Nour , Guichard Florent , Délen Xavier , Georges Patrick
Published: August 2020

We describe a nonlinear propagation model based on a generalized Schrödinger equation in the time domain coupled to Gaussian beam evolution through ABCD matrices that account for Kerr lensing in the spatial domain. This model is well suited to simulate propagation in mildly nonlinear systems such as multipass cells for temporal compression. It is validated against both a full

(
x
,
y
,
z
,
t
)

numerical model and recently reported experimental results in multipass cells, with excellent agreement. It also allows us to identify the physical mechanism for the recently reported parasitic appearance of spectral content in the 700–950 nm range in argon-filled multipass cells that are used to compress pulses at 1030 nm. We think this is due to a quasi-phase-matched degenerate four-wave mixing process. This process could be used in the future to perform wavelength conversion as is already done in fibers and capillaries.
Scattering of polychromatic partially coherent radially polarized twisted beams upon a deterministic medium
Authors: Liu Zhirong , Wang Xun , Huang Kelin
Published: August 2020

The scope of scattering theory was expanded such that a novel polychromatic partially coherent radially polarized twisted beam was, for the first time to our knowledge, introduced to investigate the scattering upon a deterministic medium. Analytical expressions were derived, and spectral changes were numerically demonstrated. Results showed that the vector scattering fields would present much more abundant features than the scalar scattering fields. For instance, seen along the incident direction (

θ
=

0

), the vector scattered spectrum would present a slight blueshift compared with the incident spectrum in the case of the polychromatic partially coherent radially polarized twisted beam (a kind of vector beam) scattered from a deterministic medium; however, the scalar scattered spectrum would demonstrate a significant blueshift in the case of scalar beam scattered from a deterministic medium. Moreover, for a vector incidence, with increasing correlation the central frequency of the scattered spectrum would remain unchanged; however, for a scalar incidence, the central frequency of the scattered spectrum gets higher with increasing correlation. Results obtained here would further enrich the research content of the weak scattering of the vector light beam and provide theoretical support for obtaining the structure information of the scattering media.
Optical activity and excitation of surface plasmon polaritons with electromagnetically induced chiral media
Authors: Din Rafi Ud , Zhang Shaoliang , Ikram Manzoor , Ahmad Iftikhar , Ge Guo-Qin
Published: August 2020

Chiral materials possess some unusual properties for which they have attracted tremendous interest in recent research. In this paper, we discuss the interaction of electromagnetic fields with an initially isotropic material, making it anisotropic chiral by inducing magnetoelectric cross coupling. We consider a four-level double

Λ

-type configuration of an atomic ensemble, which is simultaneously sensitive to relative phase of the applied fields due to its closed-loop nature, providing an extra degree of freedom for controlling the birefringent nature of the medium. We show that the material splits a linearly polarized probe field into left- (LCP) and right-circularly polarized (RCP) components, and their angular divergence can be related to the optical activity of the medium. This leads to efficient modulation of the probe field, which may be helpful in accurate position detection of the transmitted beams and images. Next, we demonstrate that such a medium can be used to couple incident light with surface plasmons (SPs) in two ways: (1) as a prism-like coupler, in either Otto- or Kretschmann-type geometry, where excitation of SPs can be achieved beyond a certain incident angle of the interacting pulse in a plasmonic waveguide placed closed to it; and (2) direct excitation of SPs by a LCP or RCP beam from the chiral medium in a particular slit-type plasmonic waveguide. We find that the coupled modes in the latter case are unidirectional and highly tunable. Further, we show that the birefringent nature of the medium as well as the plasmonic field intensities can be efficiently manipulated with a number of controlling parameters. Our results may find applications in image coding, plasmonic sensors, and bio-photonics.
High-dimensional cryptography with spatial modes of light: tutorial
Authors: Otte Eileen , Nape Isaac , Rosales-Guzmán Carmelo , Denz Cornelia , Forbes Andrew , Ndagano Bienvenu
Published: August 2020

Fast and secure sharing of information is among the prime concerns of almost any communication system. While commonly used cryptographic algorithms cannot provide unconditional security, high-dimensional (HD) quantum key distribution (QKD) offers an exceptional means to this end. Here, we provide a tutorial to demonstrate that HD QKD protocols can be implemented in an effective way using optical elements that are known to most optics labs. We use spatial modes of light as our HD basis and show how to simulate QKD experiments with bright classical light, fostering its easy implementation for a more general audience including industry laboratories or laboratory classes in university teaching and in advanced laboratories for validation purposes. In particular, we use orbital angular momentum Bessel–Gaussian modes for our HD QKD demonstration to illustrate and highlight the benefits of using spatial modes as their natural Schmidt basis and self-healing feature.
Performance evaluation and comparative analysis of a highly efficient FAPbI3-based perovskite solar cell
Authors: Nine Kazi Barria , Shazon Md. Nahid Haque , Mahmood Shaikh Asif
Published: August 2020

Methylammonium lead halide (

M
A
P
b
I

3

) is widely used as perovskite absorber material in thin-film solar cell technology because of its eminent cell performance. Recently, formamidinium lead iodide perovskite (

F
A
P
b
I

3

) has received great attention because of its optimum bandgap value closer to the infrared single junction range. In this paper, a suitable combination of hole transporting material (HTM) and electron transporting material (ETM) is determined to achieve higher efficiency compared to existing structures utilizing an

F
A
P
b
I

3

absorber. The proposed structure uses two stable metal oxides as HTM (

N
i
O

X

) and ETM (

S
n
O

2

). A comparative numerical analysis of solar cell performance is shown among four different HTM materials using the Solar Cell Capacitor Simulator (SCAPS-1D). Performance evaluation is also carried out for three different compositions of

F
A
P
b
I

3

having different band gaps with respect to absorber thickness. Optimized absorber thickness, HTM and ETM doping density, and absorber defect density are enumerated using numerical simulation. By deploying the optimized parameters, maximum power conversion efficiency is found to be 26.23%. Later on, effects of

R

s
e
r
i
e
s

and

R

s
h
u
n
t

on ideal solar cell performance are analyzed using numerical simulation.
DeepCGH: 3D computer-generated holography using deep learning
Authors: Hossein Eybposh M. , Caira Nicholas W. , Atisa Mathew , Chakravarthula Praneeth , Pégard Nicolas C.
Published: August 2020

The goal of computer-generated holography (CGH) is to synthesize custom illumination patterns by modulating a coherent light beam. CGH algorithms typically rely on iterative optimization with a built-in trade-off between computation speed and hologram accuracy that limits performance in advanced applications such as optogenetic photostimulation. We introduce a non-iterative algorithm, DeepCGH, that relies on a convolutional neural network with unsupervised learning to compute accurate holograms with fixed computational complexity. Simulations show that our method generates holograms orders of magnitude faster and with up to 41% greater accuracy than alternate CGH techniques. Experiments in a holographic multiphoton microscope show that DeepCGH substantially enhances two-photon absorption and improves performance in photostimulation tasks without requiring additional laser power.
Topological optimization of hybrid quantum key distribution networks
Authors: Wang Yaxing , Li Qiong , Mao Haokun , Han Qi , Huang Furong , Xu Hongwei
Published: August 2020

With the growing complexity of quantum key distribution (QKD) network structures, aforehand topology design is of great significance to support a large-number of nodes over a large-spatial area. However, the exclusivity of quantum channels, the limitation of key generation capabilities, the variety of QKD protocols and the necessity of untrusted-relay selection, make the optimal topology design a very complicated task. In this research, a hybrid QKD network is studied for the first time from the perspective of topology, by analyzing the topological differences of various QKD protocols. In addition, to make full use of hybrid networking, an analytical model for optimal topology calculation is proposed, to reach the goal of best secure communication service by optimizing the deployment of various QKD devices and the selection of untrusted-relays under a given cost limit. Plentiful simulation results show that hybrid networking and untrusted-relay selection can bring great performance advantages, and then the universality and effectiveness of the proposed analytical model are verified.
Evaluation of the Tenti S6 model for hydrocarbon fuels at elevated temperatures using filtered Rayleigh scattering measurements
Authors: Pu Jinpeng , Sutton Jeffrey A.
Published: August 2020

This Letter targets the assessment of the well-known Tenti S6 model for predicting the Rayleigh–Brillouin scattering (RBS) spectra of select gas–phase hydrocarbon fuels (

C
H

4

,

C

2

H

2

,

C

2

H

4

,

C

3

H

8

, and

C

4

H

10

) over a temperature range of 300 to 700 K. The Tenti S6 model is evaluated by comparing filtered Rayleigh scattering (FRS) measurements to synthetic FRS signals generated from the combination of the Tenti S6 output and an accurate iodine absorption filter model. The experimental and synthetic FRS results agree very well (

<

3

%

difference) over the full temperature range for

C
H

4

,

C

2

H

2

, and

C

2

H

4

, indicating accurate calculation of the RBS spectra. For

C

3

H

8

and

C

4

H

10

, there are some large differences between the experimental and synthetic FRS results which cannot be resolved through tuning of bulk viscosity, internal heat capacity, or inclusion of vibrational degrees of freedom, suggesting the need for detailed measurements of the Rayleigh–Brillouin spectra.
Modelo de Interacción Inteligente del Reglamento del Congreso de Colombia para Dispositivos Móviles
Authors: Pinzon Ortiz Jesus Emilsen , Espinel Ortega Alvaro , Ramos Sandoval Olga Lucia
Published: August 2020

Contexto: No existe un sistema tecnológico para dispositivos móviles, que interactúe en forma natural con el usuario y entregue respuesta precisa sobre alguna pregunta relacionada con el Reglamento del Congreso. El presente trabajo establece un “Modelo Interactivo Inteligente del Reglamento del Congreso de Colombia para dispositivos móviles” MIRC; y para lograrlo se implementa en un aplicativo app.

Método: El Modelo de Interacción propuesto está basado en el Modelo de Recuperación de Información (Arquitectura de un Sistema de Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural). Sin embargo, fue necesario incluirle varios cambios estructurales en el sentido en que como el sistema debe procesar la voz del usuario y responder con voz sintetizada, fue necesario emular varios procesos que facilitan la interacción del móvil con el usuario.

Resultados: se hace entrega de una app MIRC “Modelo Interactivo Inteligente del Reglamento del Congreso para dispositivos móviles”, ajustado a requerimientos sugeridos por varios usuarios (sin discapacidad y con discapacidades); en general muy útil por su facilidad de consulta sobre temas del Reglamento.

Conclusiones:Se cumplió con el objetivo de entregar una app MIRC, mediante un Modelo de Interacción Inteligente para la consulta del Reglamento del Congreso, usando la Programación en Lenguaje Natural PLN.  Donde el usuario interactúa con el dispositivo móvil, usando su voz para hacer una solicitud y la respuesta se da al dispositivo en voz digital.
Nuevas Expectativas de Mejora a Pesar de las Dificultades
Authors: Diaz Aldana Nelson Leonardo
Published: August 2020

Nota Editorial V25N1
Los revolucionarios años 60. Apuntes en torno a una conversación en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Maestría en Urbanismo, sede Bogotá
Authors: Desde la Cátedra -
Published: August 2020

En el marco de las actividades programadas por el grupo de investigación sobre Espacio Urbano y Territorial- EUT de la Facultad de Artes de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, el día 5 de noviembre de 2015 se llevó a cabo un conversatorio entre el historiador Germán Mejía Pavony y el también historiador y ex-embajador ante la OEA Álvaro Tirado Mejía, con la moderación de José Salazar Ferro, profesor de la Maestría en Urbanismo de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. El diálogo se realizó con motivo de la reciente publicación del libro Los Años Sesenta. Una revolución en la Cultura, publicado por Tirado Mejía y como complemento y contextualización de la investigación Bogotá años 60.
“Estamos entusiasmados y compartimos con ustedes la esperanza de la paz en Colombia”
Authors: Antolinez Franco Johan Stephen , Sánchez Lemus Angela Cristina
Published: August 2020

Hay un síndrome que parece afectar a Colombia en muchos aspectos de la vida social, política y económica del país, ese indicio de acción y creencia de que los acontecimientos que suceden aquí son únicos e irrepetibles. La conversación que da origen a esta entrevista busca desmentir el principio de que lo que pasa en este país no tiene par y que sólo los colombianos pueden entender lo que ha sucedido con el conflicto armado y el camino de la construcción de paz.
La paz no se rinde. Entrevista con Olga Behar Leiser
Authors: CiudadPazando Revista
Published: August 2020

Yo he trabajado los temas de la guerra y la paz, era así como se llamaba, hoy se conoce como los temas del conflicto y la búsqueda de la paz y la reconciliación, desde comienzos de la década de los ochenta. Diría que el detonante en mi ejercicio profesional está ubicado en el robo de las armas del cantón norte por parte del M-19, en el año nuevo de 1979; trabajaba en la radio, y hasta ese momento todos los temas que tenían que ver con guerra, se asignaban al periodista que cubría la fuente de orden público, a lo que llamaban crónica roja.
Realidades colombianas, una mirada desde la historia, la comunidad y la cátedra
Authors: Hernández Cubides Jairo Andrés
Published: August 2020

En el mes de agosto del año 2019, el gobierno de Iván Duque cumplió un año de haber asumido el poder, y en este tiempo son varios los acontecimientos importantes que pueden colaborar a la configuración del panorama nacional en el que se consolida este número de la revisa Ciudad Paz-ando. Sin embargo, puede ser prudente retomar el ambiente nacional que se ha venido tejiendo desde que el ataque terrorista contra la Escuela de Cadetes de Policía General Santander, asumido por el Ejército de Liberación Nacional-ELN, conllevó al cese definitivo de la mesa de negociación que se mantenía con el grupo guerrillero desde el gobierno pasado. En un análisis evaluativo, un poco en retrospectiva y también sobre la marcha, parece que la violencia y el inconformismo siguen imperando en el paisaje nacional a pesar del cambio de gobierno y los nuevos horizontes nacionales planteados en el primer semestre del año 2019.
El ruidoso cuerpo de Frida: una lectura fenomenológica sobre la obra de Frida Kahlo
Authors: Guerrero Abel
Published: August 2020

El presente artículo ofrece una lectura de la obra de Frida Kahlo desde la psiquiatría y la fenomenología. En este sentido, desarrollo algunas consideraciones sobre sus particulares condiciones médicas, para posteriormente presentar una hipótesis sobre la presencia de experiencias autoscópicas1 como una probable causa de su “necesidad” de dibujarse, esto mediante un análisis fenomenológico2 del material experiencial dejado por ella: entrevistas y diario personal
Flirteando con el mal:Los avatares de la etnografía colectiva en una atmósfera ritual
Authors: Ospina Martínez María Angélica
Published: August 2020

A través de la evocación de una experiencia etnográfica colectiva, la autora de esta ponencia se propone exponer algunos aspectos del trabajo de campo que atraviesan la interpretación de las que denomina

atmósferas rituales. En particular, el contexto de investigación al que hace referencia es el de las misas de sanación del municipio de Soracá (departamento de Boyacá, Colombia), convocadas y oficiadas por el sacerdote católico Álvaro de Jesús Puerta

.

Además de describir la experiencia en mención, se pondrán de manifiesto ciertas consideraciones

sobre el tránsito del cuerpo del etnógrafo en el terreno del ritual, en específico cuando se sumerge en

ámbitos como la lucha espiritual contra el mal.
Foundation-sponsored networks: Brokerage roles of higher education intermediary organizations
Authors: Haddad Nabih
Published: August 2020

Philanthropic foundations are influential policy entrepreneurs in higher education, advocating new ideas, engaging in collaborative activities, and seeding research to inform the decision-making process. Despite occupying this role, the higher education literature has yet to examine how philanthropic foundations promote ideas between entities or how shared granting relationships are used to distribute and exchange information. By utilizing several sources of data, including in-depth interviews and an original dataset of postsecondary grants, and by applying social network concepts, this study explores the strategies educational funders use to disseminate ideas and promote information exchange. This study found that major foundations are not only taking on an advocacy-oriented role within their communication strategies, but they are also facilitating information sharing among intermediaries based on mutual granting relationships and shared agendas. Furthermore, the most impactful grantees are those who cross sectoral boundaries, such as advocacy nonprofits, think tanks, membership associations, and government agencies.
Partie polityczne i ich elektoraty. Od sympatii do antagonizmu. Na przykładzie Platformy Obywatelskiej i Prawa i Sprawiedliwości
Authors: Zagała Zbigniew
Published: August 2020

Od 2005 roku życie polityczne w Polsce w znaczącym stopniu zdominowane jest przez spór dwóch partii: Platformy Obywatelskiej (PO) oraz Prawa i Sprawiedliwości (PiS). Spór ten nie jest tylko rywalizacją liderów i członków partii na programy polityczne. To konfrontacja antagonistycznych światopoglądów wyborców oraz sympatyków obu partii. Jej symbolicznym początkiem są nieudane rozmowy między gremiami przywódczymi obu partii, które nie doprowadziły do powstania koalicyjnego rządu w 2005 roku. Intensywność sporu, toczonego w wielu środowiskach, skłania obserwatorów życia publicznego do formułowania tezy o dwóch metaforycznych Polskach, o dwóch obcych sobie plemionach. Autorzy naukowych i publicystycznych analiz tego fenomenu często wskazują na różnice w zakresie cech demograficznych i społecznych, jakimi charakteryzują się elektoraty obu partii. Odmienności te mają jednak drugorzędne znaczenie w stosunku do różnic w poglądach zwolenników PO i PiS na temat wydarzeń, problemów, zjawisk i osób istotnych dla partyjnych tożsamości. Istotną rolę w podtrzymywaniu i reprodukcji odmiennych światopoglądów sympatyków obu partii odgrywają media. Celem tekstu jest dokonanie charakterystyki cech oraz podzielanych poglądów sympatyków obu partii oraz analiza ewolucji ich sympatii i antypatii politycznych w ostatnich kilkunastu latach. Wnioski formułowane są na podstawie wtórnej analizy danych zebranych w latach 2001–2019 przez Centrum Badania Opinii Społecznej oraz przez innych badaczy.
Functional variations of NFKB1 and NFKB1A in inflammatory disorders and their implication for therapeutic approaches
Authors: Kanigur-Sultuybek Gonul , Yenmis Guven , Soydas Tugba
Published: August 2020

Nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) is a sophisticated transcription factor that is particularly important in the inflammatory response, but it regulates more than 400 individual and dependent genes for parts of the apoptotic, angiogenic, and proliferative, differentiative, and cell adhesion pathways. NF-κB function is directly inhibited by the binding of inhibitor of κB (IκB), and the imbalance between NF-κB and IκB has been linked to the development and progression of cancer and a variety of inflammatory disorders. These observations might broaden the horizon of current knowledge, particularly on the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases considering the roles of NF-κB and IκB. In this context, we focus this narrative review on a comparative discussion of our findings with other literature regarding variations of NFKB1 and NFKB1A and their association with susceptibility to widespread inflammatory disorders (such as atherosclerosis, morbid obesity, Behçet syndrome, Graves disease, Hashimoto disease) and common cancers (such as gliomas).
Prevalence and time course of elevated serum levels of liver enzymes in otherwise healthy Thai infants with breast milk jaundice: a cohort study
Authors: Kotcharit Pirarat , Chongsrisawat Voranush , Chatproedprai Susheera
Published: August 2020

Background

Neonatal jaundice and elevated levels of liver enzymes are found in infants with breast milk jaundice (BMJ).

Objectives

To determine the prevalence and duration of elevated serum levels of liver enzymes in Thai infants with BMJ.

Methods

We conducted a prospective study of Thai infants with BMJ, excluding those with pathological causes of jaundice. We measured the serum levels of total bilirubin (TB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT); followed infants with elevated levels; and estimated the time for levels to become normal using Kaplan–Meier analysis.

Results

We included 42 infants (median age: 17.5 days) with BMJ, and elevated serum levels of at least 1 enzyme were found in 27 (64%) infants. We excluded 4 (10%) infants because they did not continue to be exclusively breastfed, 17 (40%) were lost to follow-up, and 21 (50%) completed the study. We found that 19 (45%) of the 42 infants had elevated GGT, 11 (26%) had elevated ALT, and 9 (21%) each had elevated AST and ALP levels. The median time for enzyme levels to normalize was 291 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 109.8 to 472.2) for ALT, 240 days (95% CI, 139.0 to 340.9) for AST, 184 days (95% CI, 4.4 to 363.6) for ALP, 120 days (95% CI, 74.6 to 164.5) for TB, and 63 days (95% CI, 61.44 to 64.6) for GGT. Infants were otherwise healthy during the follow-up.

Conclusion

The prevalence of elevated serum levels of liver enzymes in Thai infants was unexpectedly high, but the levels became normal spontaneously despite continued breastfeeding, which endorses a “watchful waiting” strategy in managing asymptomatic infants with BMJ.
Regularity for sub-elliptic systems with VMO-coefficients in the Heisenberg group: the sub-quadratic structure case
Authors: Wang Jialin , Zhu Maochun , Gao Shujin , Liao Dongni
Published: August 2020

We consider nonlinear sub-elliptic systems with VMO-coefficients for the case 1 <p< 2 under controllable growth conditions, as well as natural growth conditions, respectively, in the Heisenberg group. On the basis of a generalization of the technique of 𝓐-harmonic approximation introduced by Duzaar-Grotowski-Kronz, and an appropriate Sobolev-Poincaré type inequality established in the Heisenberg group, we prove partial Hölder continuity results for vector-valued solutions of discontinuous sub-elliptic problems. The primary model covered by our analysis is the non-degenerate sub-ellipticp-Laplacian system with VMO-coefficients, involving sub-quadratic growth terms.
Strict Positivity for the Principal Eigenfunction of Elliptic Operators with Various Boundary Conditions
Authors: Arendt Wolfgang , ter Elst A. F. M. , Glück Jochen
Published: August 2020

We consider elliptic operators with measurable coefficients and Robin boundary conditions on a bounded domain

Ω
⊂

ℝ
d

{\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{d}}

and show that the first eigenfunction v satisfies

v
⁢

(
x
)

≥
δ
>
0

{v(x)\geq\delta>0}

for all

x
∈

Ω
¯

{x\in\overline{\Omega}}

, even if the boundary

∂
⁡
Ω

{\partial\Omega}

is only Lipschitz continuous. Under such weak regularity assumptions the Hopf–Oleĭnik boundary lemma is not available; instead we use a new approach based on an abstract positivity improving condition for semigroups that map

L
p

⁢

(
Ω
)

{L_{p}(\Omega)}

into

C
⁢

(

Ω
¯

)

{C(\overline{\Omega})}

. The same tool also yields corresponding results for Dirichlet or mixed boundary conditions. Finally, we show that our results can be used to derive strong minimum and maximum principles for parabolic and elliptic equations.
Aktuelle Entwicklungen an den österreichischen Bibliotheken 2019
Authors: Bauer Bruno
Published: August 2020

Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird über aktuelle Projekte und Trends im österreichischen Bibliothekswesen im Jahr 2019 berichtet. Vorgestellt werden Verbundprojekte und Kooperationsprojekte österreichischer Bibliotheken, aktuelle Projekte der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek und des Forums Universitätsbibliotheken Österreichs. Angesprochen werden auch Themen wie Forschungsdaten, Open Access, NS-Provenienzforschung, Bibliotheksausbildung, Tagungen und Publikationen der Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare sowie Bibliotheks- und Informationspolitik in Österreich.
Der Kosmos eines dritten Ortes
Authors: Degkwitz Andreas
Published: August 2020

Im Zuge des digitalen Wandels sind Bibliotheken in der Situation, tiefgreifende Innovationsherausforderungen aufzugreifen und in ihren Serviceportfolios zu realisieren. Dabei reichen die Konzepte weit über die wechselseitigen Einflüsse analoger und digitaler Medien hinaus. Vielmehr geht es um neue Bibliotheksmodelle, wie die des „dritten Ortes“ oder der „Lernräume“. Dabei stellt sich die Frage, inwieweit sich Bibliotheken mit solchen Weiterentwicklungen tatsächlich neu erfinden oder ob sie Modelle aufgreifen, die in der Vergangenheit bereits praktiziert wurden. Aktuell spielt das Thema „Openness“ eine große Rolle für Bibliotheken, das mit „Open Access“ seinen Anfang nahm, inzwischen aber deutlich darüber hinausgeht. Mit Buchbeständen, die oft weit in die Vergangenheit zurückreichen, hat der „dritte Ort“ der Bibliothek aber auch etwas, das als gegenläufig zu unserer fortschrittsorientierten Zeit zu begreifen wie auch zu begrüßen ist.
Infrastrukturentwicklung für digitale Editionen am Beispiel der Universität Zürich: Herausforderungen, Erfahrungen und Perspektiven
Authors: Malits Andrea
Published: August 2020

Für die nachhaltige Verfügbarkeit von Forschungsdaten im Allgemeinen und von digitalen Editionen im Besonderen fehlt es in der Schweiz nach wie vor an Infrastrukturen. Neben technischen Lösungen gelten Koordination und ein verlässliches Netzwerk von Dienstleistungen als Gelingensvoraussetzung für die nachhaltige Verfügbarkeit von Daten. Im Jahr 2014 publizierte der Schweizerische Nationalfonds (SNF) neue Fördermöglichkeiten für digitale Editionsprojekte im Rahmen der Infrastrukturförderung und initiierte damit Strukturbildungsprozesse auf lokaler und auch nationaler Ebene. Zu den wichtigsten Voraussetzungen einer möglichen Förderung zählte entsprechend die Vorlage eines Konzepts zur Gewährleistung der langfristigen Verfügbarkeit der digitalen Edition. Die Frage der Sicherstellung der digitalen Langzeitverfügbarkeit im Rahmen eines Konzepts adressierte auch Hochschulen und Gedächtnisinstitutionen bzw. deren Rolle und Verantwortlichkeit. Vor diesem Hintergrund schlossen sich vier Editionsprojekte der Universität Zürich (UZH), die Zentralbibliothek Zürich (ZB) sowie die auf Forschungs-IT spezialisierte Abteilung S3IT der UZH zusammen und erarbeiteten ein Kooperationskonzept. Der Artikel beleuchtet diese neuen Kooperationsstrukturen, schildert den Status quo und skizziert mögliche nächste Schritte auf dem Weg zu einer lokal und national koordinierten Infrastrukturlösung für digitale Editionen.
“To begin, at the beginning [...]“
Authors: Strauch Annette
Published: August 2020

Der Artikel1 beschreibt, wie das Forschungsdatenmanagement innovativ in der Universitätsbibliothek Hildesheim umgesetzt worden ist, auch welcher langfristige Nutzen daraus entstanden ist. Ständige Kollaborationen mit den relevanten Akteuren im Forschungsdatenmanagement in der Welt sind dabei präsent. Seit über einem Jahr (Stand: Mai 2020) gibt es Beratungen, Coffee Lectures, Workshops und andere Veranstaltungen, die bei der Umsetzung der neuen digitalen Aufgaben ganz forschungsnah helfen.
Open Access im Blick! Mehr Sichtbarkeit von Open-Access-Publikationen in der Bibliothek – Projekt visOA
Authors: Geith Uwe , Kraß Thomas
Published: August 2020

Um Open-Access-Publikationen stärker in den Wahrnehmungsbereich der Bibliotheksbenutzer zu bringen, ist es notwendig, sie besser sichtbar zu machen. Im visOA-Projekt, das von der NTNM-Bibliothek des INM durchgeführt wurde, wurden Open-Access-Publikationen sowohl im OPAC als auch im Discovery-System und in den Publikationslisten des INM deutlich hervorgehoben. Eine selbstprogrammierte virtuelle Zeitschriftenanzeige (VIDIJO)1 bietet eine fachspezifische Auswahl von Open-Access-Zeitschriften. Die Wirksamkeit der im Projekt ergriffenen Maßnahmen wurde durch Begleitforschung überprüft.
(Digitale) Medienkompetenz in der Stadtbibliothek Kreuztal – Ein Blick in das Projekt „Wissen, Können, Machen“
Authors: Escher-Schenkschuck Annamarie , Flecke Sabine
Published: August 2020

Digitale Medienkompetenz ist weiterhin ein wichtiger Faktor in der Arbeit einer Öffentlichen Bibliothek. Die Stadtbibliothek Kreuztal hat ein Angebot entwickelt, das alle Altersgruppen erreichen soll und dessen Fokus es ist, digitale Medien nicht nur zu konsumieren, sondern sie zu verstehen, selbst zu gestalten und einen Bezug zu ihnen herzustellen. Die Voraussetzungen, Motivationen, Angebote und Umsetzungsstrategien werden im Folgenden beschrieben.
The impact of a peer-facilitated discussion initiative on international students’ learning experience in the context of internationalisation at home
Authors: Jeanneau Catherine , O’Riordan Stéphanie
Published: August 2020

Fostering skills development is one of the tenets of education. For a long time, the traditional binary teacher-student interaction was used as the sole approach to teaching and learning but it is now overwhelmingly regarded as insufficient. The present paper reports on an initiative based on the principles of peer learning. The discussion groups and one-to-one sessions in languages, facilitated by native speakers (NS) who are international students in the institution, were set-up to enable language learners to develop their oral skills. While the advantages of the activity for language learners are clear, it is not as easy to determine the benefits for the NS peer-facilitators. The study presents findings from questionnaires and interviews conducted with some of these NS peer-facilitators and discuss the reported impact of the initiative on these students. While personal growth and development of intercultural awareness feature strongly in the data analysis, an enhanced language learning experience and an influential factor in some participants’ educational and career paths are also revealed. These findings are explained with reference to relevant developments in the study abroad, volunteering and peer learning literature. We will conclude that the initiative is a positive tool for international students’ integration into the host institution and offers a novel way for them to socialise and engage in their new learning environment.
Research on Innovation Signals and Feedbacks between SMEs and the Government
Authors: Feng Xiao , Meng Weidong , Huang Bo
Published: August 2020

Due to the financing constraint that faced by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), SMEs are more cautious in innovation investments, and thus more eager to gain external financial support. This paper discusses the impact of SMEs’ R&D investment on government subsidy under the constraint of hidden information. It adopts a modified endogenous switching regression model to solve the endogenous problems. The results show that SME’s initiative to signal its underlying innovative capacity has an important impact on Chinese government’s subsidy feedback. SMEs that send high-type signals have gained more subsidies. And when SMEs are with different types of innovation signals, they would have different influence mechanisms on subsidy feedback. This study concludes that the policymakers should make more use of its belief and give effective feedbacks to the entrepreneurs.