bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AUTOMATED CONTROL OF HF ELECTROTHERMY OF ORGANIC AND POLYMERIC MATERIALS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT RESONANT PHENOMENA
Authors:   Irkutsk State Transport University, FILIPPENKO NIKOLAY
Published: July 2022

The paper presents an overview of existing technological systems designed for ultra-high-frequency and high-frequency electro-thermal and dielectric processing of polymer, organic and biological materials. A comparative analysis of electrothermia and other types of heating and theirs advantages are described. Deficiencies in control systems and automation capabilities of existing high-frequency industrial equipment have been identified. The optimal industrial frequency of high-frequency exposure allowed for industrial use has been evaluated. The main controlled parameter for non-intrusive heating was determined in order to improve and activate (seeding) the processed material. (Research purpose) The research purpose is developing a method of electrothermal treatment of organic and polymer materials and its automated control, excluding the influence of various little-studied processes. (Materials and methods) The theoretical justifications showing the uneven heating of the samples were confirmed by field tests. Heating is mainly carried out on the surface of the samples, which often leads to their melting. The method of heating with the use of high-frequency electrothermia, which is free of these disadvantages, was studied. Industrial high-frequency equipment of the UZP 2500 model was used in the experiment. (Results and discussion) The paper presents the results of the use of the electrothermia process and the analysis of the technological process of controlling high-frequency processing on the example of samples of polymer composites similar to natural organic materials. A resonant phenomenon manifested when exposed to high-frequency electrothermia was described. The paper presents the solution of its accounting in the organization of the management process. We have developed technical equipment, selected processing modes for organic and polymer materials. (Conclusions) The practical possibilities of the proposed method of automated control of high-frequency electrothermia of organic and polymer materials used in industry and agriculture during transportation and preparation for their operation, as well as prolongation of their residual life during storage, have been revealed.
DEVELOPMENT OF A TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS AND A DEVICE FOR REMOTE SEED RIPENESS CONTROL
Authors:   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, BELYAKOV MIKHAIL , EFREMENKOV IGOR ,   Branch of the National Research University "MPEI"
Published: July 2022

Bjective determination of the ripeness of plant seeds is one of the directions of development of agricultural electrical technologies. The methods currently used have disadvantages related either to subjectivity or to their duration, or they are destructive and require the chemicals. A good alternative to existing methods is the optical luminescent method. (Research purpose) The research purpose is developing a technological process for determining the ripeness of plant seeds based on changes in their spectral luminescent properties and creating a remote control system for its practical implementation. (Materials and methods) Experiments were carried out to measure the spectral excitation response (effective absorption) and photoluminescence of plant seeds of various ripeness. Samples of wheat, oats, corn and peas with varying ripeness were selected for experiments during the ripening process. (Results and discussion) The spectral excitation response with the ripening of seeds have maxima at wavelengths of 362 and 424 nanometers and decrease, the long-wavelength of 485 nanometers remains unchanged. Therefore, the ratio of photoluminescence fluxes allows us to predict the ripeness of seeds. The dependence of the ratio on the maturation time is statistically reliably approximated by a linear function. The developed technological process for assessing the ripeness of seeds includes the following stages: sample preparation, excitation of luminescence in the short-wave and long-wave ranges, its registration and amplification, followed by analysis based on previously obtained a priori equations and making a decision on the timing of harvesting. The developed design can be implemented both as a separate device and as an attachment on an unmanned aerial vehicle, the most suitable for the implementation of remote ripeness monitoring is the DJI Phantom 4 pro drone. (Conclusions) A device has been developed to determine the level of physiological maturity of seeds. The device can be used remotely using an unmanned aerial vehicle.
AUTONOMOUS POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR SURFACE DISINFECTION BY INFRARED RADIATION IN PROTECTED GROUND
Authors:   Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy, POSPELOVA IRINA , VOZMISHCHEV IVAN , NIYAZOV ANATOLIY , DORODOV PAVEL , VLADYKIN IVAN ,   Kalashnikov Izhevsk State Technical University
Published: July 2022

Reducing heat losses and utilization of secondary energy resources contribute to improving the energy efficiency of equipment, technologies and enterprises. The improvement of one of the processes in the technology of growing vegetables and berries, the use of thermal energy in the disinfection of surfaces in protected ground is the main idea of the developed autonomous power supply system of the installation. (Research purpose) The research purpose is developing a technological scheme of the power supply system of the installation for disinfection of surfaces with infrared radiation in protected ground. (Materials and methods) The article presents the scheme of an experimental installation for surface disinfection with infrared radiation, allowing to develop a technological scheme of the power supply system. The experimental setup is designed to study the distribution of the temperature field of infrared radiation on the surface (soil, substrate, concrete floor). (Results and discussion) During the operation of infrared radiators during disinfection of surfaces in protected ground running on liquefied gas, not all the thermal energy from gas combustion passes into infrared radiation; part of the thermal energy is lost to the environment due to convection and thermal conductivity. Losses can reach up to 50 percent. In order to reduce heat losses and reach the autonomy of the surface disinfection unit in protected ground, it was proposed to use thermal generators operating on the Seebeck - Peltier effect, the conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy for electricity generation. The Peltier elements are connected both sequentially and in parallel. The electricity received from the Peltier elements enters the battery, accumulates, and then is spent on the operation of the installation. (Conclusions) The technological scheme of power supply system of the surface disinfection plant being developed can be adapted and applied to other technological processes where there are heat losses to the environment.
STUDYING THE INFLUENCE OF A HOMOGENEOUS ELECTRIC FIELD ON THE QUALITY OF CUCUMBER SEEDS
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State Agrarian University, YUDAEV IGOR' , KASAKOVA ALIYA , STEPANCHUK GENNADIY , NOZIMOV KADRIDDIN , YUDIN ANDREY ,   Azov-Black Sea Engineering Institute - branch of the Don State Agrarian University in Zernograd
Published: July 2022

Ncreasing yields, including vegetable products, is the most important task of agricultural production. The solution of this problem is connected with seed production. (Research purpose) The research purpose is studying the influence of the parameters of a homogeneous electric field, the duration of processing and subsequent binning on the quality of cucumber seeds during their pre-sowing treatment. (Materials and methods) Cucumber seeds of the Phoenix Plus variety were used. Pre-sowing treatment of seeds was carried out with a homogenous alternating electric field of industrial frequency with a vorticity of 0.5 kilovolts per centimeter on a laboratory installation with an exposure time of 20, 40 and 60 seconds; the time interval between processing seeds and binning them for germination was from one to nine days. (Results and discussion) The germination energy and germination rate of the seeds that were exposed were higher than in the control sample, regardless of the treatment parameters during the nine days of binning. In seeds that had been binned from one to four days after treatment, the length of the sprouts is lower than in the control sample. All the treated seeds, which were binned from five to nine days, have a length of sprouts longer than in the control sample. The length of the roots is lower from the control sample only in seeds with an exposition of 20 seconds that were in the first two days, in other cases it is higher. (Conclusions) The treatment of cucumber seeds with a homogenous alternating electric field with a voltage of 0.5 kilovolts per centimeter is effective. The best results were obtained when stimulating the seed material at an exposure of 40 seconds: the seed germination energy is 16 percent higher, germination rate is 12 percent, the average length of the sprouts is 3.3 times longer, and the average length of the roots is 2.7 times longer compared to the control sample. The maximum improvement in seed quality was observed after five days of laying.
CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTRIC COMPANIES BY THE NUMBER AND LENGTH OF TRANSMISSION LINES AND SUBSTATION CAPACITY
Authors:   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, VINOGRADOV ALEKSANDR , LANSBERG ALEKSANDR , SOROKIN NIKOLAY ,   Branch of PJSC «Rosseti Center»-«Orelenergo»,   FSBEI HE «Orel State Agrarian University named after N.V. Parakhin»
Published: July 2022

The article presents statistical data on the number and length of power transmission lines, the number and capacity of substations of different voltage classes in the branches of the Public Joint Stock Company «Rosseti Center and Volga Region». A review of the literature shows that there is no information about the specific values of the length of the power transmission line, substation capacity and transformer capacity per square kilometer and per inhabitant of the regions where the branches of the Public Joint Stock Company «Rosseti Center and Volga Region» are located. (Research purpose) The research purpose is analyzing the structure of electrical companies on the example of the electric company PJSC Rosseti Center and Volga Region. (Materials and methods) In the research was used literary sources, statistical data on the structure of electrical equipment of the Public Joint Stock Company «Rosseti Center and Volga Region» by area and number of residents in the regions where the branches are located. (Results and discussion) Calculations of average and specific values of the number and length of power transmission lines, the number and capacity of substations by branches of the Public Joint Stock Company «Rosseti Center and Volga Region» were performed. The branches were compared according to the specified values, the largest and smallest values of the considered characteristics. (Conclusions) The characteristics of electric companies providing electricity to rural consumers were given on the example of branches of the Public Joint Stock Company Rosseti Center and Volga Region in terms of the number and length of power transmission lines, the number and capacity of substations of different voltage classes, including their specific values. The described characteristics, when further compared with the values of population density, agricultural production indicators and other indicators of the regions, make it possible to analyze the dependence of the development of regions on the characteristics of electric networks and vice versa. The data obtained for January 2022 make it possible to assess the dynamics of the development of grid complexes of branches of the Public Joint Stock Company Rosseti Center and Volga Region.
TRANSFER OF AN ASYNCHRONOUS ELECTRIC MOTOR TO GENERATOR FOR PARALLEL OPERATION WITH MICROGRID
Authors:   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, ROSHCHIN OLEG , ZHUKOV KIRILL
Published: July 2022

One of the issues of the energy sector is to increase the efficiency of energy supply to remote or isolated territories by creating microgrids based on renewable energy sources. The requirements for generators are design simplicity and high operational reliability, as well as the parameters of the generated electricity. (Research purpose) The research purpose is converting an asynchronous motor into an asynchronous generator. The technical solution for the transfer of an asynchronous electric motor to the generator has two directions: the creation of reactive energy in the electric motor and the excitation control. We took the first direction as a basis. (Materials and methods) The article presents a semi-automatic synchronization scheme for the operation of an asynchronous electric motor in generator mode, when one part of the operations is performed automatically and the other is performed manually. A test stand was made. The characteristics of an asynchronous generator when working in parallel with the grid are presented. (Results and discussion) During the analysis of the data obtained, the dependence of the power transmitted by the generator to the grid on the rotating frequency of the asynchronous electric motor was drawn. Using experimental studies, capacitor banks included in the stator winding of an asynchronous motor according to the «triangle» scheme allow it to be used as an asynchronous generator. (Conclusions) The parameters of the asynchronous generator depend on the rotation speed and the power transmitted by the micro-gas turbine engine; the semi-automatic synchronization scheme, in which one part of the operations is carried out automatically and the other manually, makes it possible to turn on the asynchronous generator to work with the distribution grid without equalizing current.
APPLICATION OF A DAY-NIGHT TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE ENERGY CONVERTER FOR POWER SUPPLY OF REMOTE AGRICULTURAL FACILITIES
Authors:   Komsomolsk-on-Amur State University, CHELUHIN VLADIMIR , VASILIEV ALEKSANDR , ABRAMSON ELIZAVETA , AUNG PYEY ZON , GRINKRUG MIRON
Published: July 2022

Due to the development of information technologies, microelectronics and control systems, all electronic devices are being minimized. In some cases there is a need for electricity supply to remote agricultural facilities, for example, nomadic apiaries, remote pastures, hunting camps, reindeer herder camps. To solve this problem, the article proposes to use power supply devices based on the day-night temperature difference developed by the authors. (Research purpose) The research purpose is increasing the environmental safety and the reliability of energy supply of autonomous hybrid energy complexes based on renewable energy sources using the device of the daily temperature difference in their construction. (Materials and methods) The article proposes a method for producing energy using the day-night temperature difference. The advantages of the method are the absence of harmful environmental influences, safety for humans and nature, the inexhaustibility of the source, the possibility of using the device anywhere and the simplicity of technical implementation at the modern level. The authors have developed a methodology for calculating the device, its structural elements for electrical strength for autonomous power supply of remote agricultural production facilities. Classical methods for calculating charged containers with a dynamic change in their values at ambient temperature drop have been used in the research. (Results and discussion) Equation presented allows the calculation of a converter for a given capacity of autonomous power supply to remote agricultural production facilities. The advantages of the energy converter device, that is free of radioactive materials, there are the absence of combustion processes, gases, odors or volatile fractions. (Conclusions) The service life of the device can be long, up to hundreds of years. This technology can also be successfully used in the power supply on planets and space objects, for example, on the Moon, Mars, and other planets, where the temperature difference can reach up to hundreds of degrees.
THE USE OF INFRARED HEATING IN SOIL DISINFECTION IN PROTECTED GROUND AND THE MECHANISM OF HEAT PROPAGATION
Authors:   Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy, DORODOV PAVEL , POSPELOVA IRINA , VOZMISHCHEV IVAN , TITOV IL'YA ,   Izhevsk State Technical University named after M.T. Kalashnikov
Published: July 2022

To disinfect the soil in protected ground, installations operating on various methods of energy supply are used. The article proposes using infrared heating as an energy carrier. When infrared radiation interacts with the surface of the medium, it is partially reflected, and partially penetrates into the material, is absorbed in it and turns into heat. The transfer of thermal energy (kinetic energy of microparticles) in a substance (in a solid layer of soil) is determined by the processes of thermal conductivity. The phenomenon of thermal conductivity is manifested by direct contact of individual particles in the soil layer having different temperatures, through the propagation of elastic waves. Infrared radiation has a small penetrating power. The question arises whether infrared heating can provide the required depth of soil disinfection. Therefore, a theoretical and experimental justification of the heat propagation in the soil is necessary. (Research purpose) The research purpose is studying the possibility of using infrared heating during soil disinfection in protected ground and the mechanism of heat propagation. (Materials and methods) The following assumptions were used for the analytical analysis of soil heating: the soil is isotropic and homogeneous, that is, its properties are the same in all directions, and the temperature dependences of the physical coefficients are weak; the source of heat is the soil surface and it does not depend on temperature. The article presents the solution of the equation of thermal conductivity. (Results and discussion) In order to verify the adequacy of the mathematical model and evaluate the empirical coefficients, full-scale studies of the temperature field in protected ground conditions were carried out. A numerical study of the solution of the equation in the range of its approximations from 100 to 200 terms gives the value of the heating time τ = 15-16 minutes. (Conclusions) It is recommended to use infrared heating when disinfecting only thin layers, for example, a layer of soil on a conveyor belt or any surface in protected soil.
THE USE OF THERMAL ENERGY OF VENTILATION AND HEATING SYSTEMS IN LIVESTOCK PREMISES
Authors:   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, TRUNOV STANISLAV , KHIMENKO ALEKSEY , TIKHOMIROV DMITRIY , RASTIMESHIN SERGEY , KUZMICHEV ALEKSEY ,   Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology - MVA named after K.I. Skryabin,   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy
Published: July 2022

In order to save energy resources when managing microclimate in livestock premises, installations and systems based on renewable energy sources are being developed, in particular, regenerative heat exchangers made using heat pipes. Among the well-known designs of heat exchangers using heat pipes, static designs of heat exchangers using heat pipes have become widespread, since they do not have moving parts, their warranty life is 15-20 years. They are easy to manufacture, have a higher thermal and energy efficiency than heat exchangers with intermediate operating fluid, can be used for both heating and cooling without changing their design. (Research purpose) The research purpose is analyzing the use of heat pipes (thermosiphons) in heat recovery plants of agricultural technological processes and developing a heat exchanger circuit using heat pipes with a thermoelectric heat pump. (Materials and methods) Patent search has been made using the websites of the Eurasian Patent Organization, the World Intellectual Property Organization, Rospatent and Google patents. (Results and discussion) The article presents the analysis of the use of heat pipes (thermosiphons) in heat recovery plants of technological processes of agricultural production. The article presents the developed functional and technological schemes of a heat exchanger using heat pipes for livestock premises. The use of a thermoelectric heat pump for additional heating of the supply air was justified in order to overcome freezing of the surface of the heat exchanger instead of using the electric heater. Smooth-walled gravitational heat pipes (thermosiphons) are the most promising in agriculture. (Conclusions) The process of heat utilization from the removed ventilation air is effectively carried out using a regenerative heat exchanger with heat pipes. The usage of thermal energy from the air removed from the room is possible using the proposed design of a heat exchanger on heat pipes with a thermoelectric heat pump.
CALCULATION OF THE ELECTRIC HEATING SYSTEM OF A RURAL HOUSE
Authors:   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, YUFEREV LEONID
Published: July 2022

Heating is one of the most important issues for a private house, especially in the middle zone of the Russian Federation. Boilers running on solid fuel or gas have become the most widespread as a heat source. Electric heating has advantages: reliability (except for power supply interruptions), environmentally friendliness, quietness; they do not require a separate room, wall mounting is possible, and are also fireproof. To save electricity, electric boilers can be programmed to turn on at a certain time, automatically turn off when the required temperature is reached, or by remote control. (Research purpose) The research purpose is calculating the heat loss of a private house depending on the size, materials, weather conditions and the number of people living. (Materials and methods) Used known data on the characteristics of building materials, their resistance to heat transfer and thermal conductivity. The article presents a calculation methodology that allows us to estimate the required capacity of the heating boiler, as well as the daily and monthly power consumption of the heating system. A single-tube heating system with the possibility of working without a circulation pump was justified and tested. (Results and discussion) A water heating system with natural circulation of the coolant and the method of calculating heat loss and characteristics of common building materials were given. In order to avoid overspending of fuel or electrical energy, a heating boiler control device is required, which will turn it off when the desired temperature is reached in the room. (Conclusions) The created water heating system according to a single-pipe scheme with natural circulation of the coolant makes it possible to work in the absence or interruption of power supply when using a solid fuel boiler. A calculation methodology allows us to estimate the required capacity of a heating boiler depending on the size of a private house, the construction materials used, weather conditions and the number of people living, as well as the energy consumed daily and monthly.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PHYSICAL AND OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYMER SAMPLES FILLED WITH OIL
Authors:   Irkutsk State Transport University, BYCHKOVSKIY VLADIMIR , FILIPPENKO NIKOLAY , LIVSHITS ALEKSANDR , BAKANIN DENIS , FARZALIEV EMIL
Published: July 2022

A study was conducted in order to substantiate the effectiveness of the developed technology of electrothermal filling of polymer and composite materials, designed to increase the strength and abrasion resistance of machine parts used in the agro-industrial complex and to study the load characteristics of polymer samples. Two indicators are used as indicative characteristics: the slack during cantilever fastening with a given load duration and the elastic modulus calculated according to a known equations. (Research purpose) The research purpose is determining the physical and operational characteristics of the polymer sample PA6 filled with motor oil M8-B, used in transport and in agro-industrial complex. (Materials and methods) As a basis was taken the polymer material kaprolon PA6, which is used as a separator in the bearings of mechanisms of machines of agro-industrial and transport complexes. Test benches were developed and manufactured to determine the load capacity indicators. Each indicator was set according to a separate methodology. (Results and discussion) Oil-filled samples become more elastic than in the initial state. The article presents the conditions under which the greatest elasticity of the polymer sample impregnated by a filler consisting of hexane and oil is achieved. (Conclusions) The results of the study make it possible to predict the load indicators of oiled polymer materials depending on the method of electrothermal oil filling and the percentage of oil and hexane. This knowledge allows us to obtain the specified properties of materials used in the mechanisms of machines of agro-industrial and transport complexes, based on the amount of slack during cantilever fastening and the elastic modulus.
RESEARCH OF THE SPRAYING SYSTEM WITH THE METHOD OF DIFFERENTIATED APPLICATION
Authors:   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, MIRZAEV MAKSIM , SLAVKINA VIKTORIYA
Published: July 2022

Processing of valuable crops by applying various agrotechnical means is one of the most important factors that affects the volume and quality of the crop. When processing crops, it is necessary to ensure the accuracy of the actuators of the robotic device and analyse the optimal modes to improve the efficiency of the performed agrotechnical operation. (Research Purpose) The research purpose is studying the dependence of factors affecting the processing of plants on the quality indicators of this operation and comparing the main parameters of the robot during equivalent tests taking out of account secondary factors. (Materials and methods) For the study was uses an autonomous field robot of differentiated application of agrochemical agents by spraying. According to GOST 34630-2019 «Machines for plant protection. Sprayers. Test methods», laboratory studies of the positioning system of an autonomous device for differentiated application of agrochemical agents were conducted. The working documentation has been designed. A laboratory installation, a program and methodology for laboratory research were made. (Results and discussion) The article presents optimal settings of an autonomous field robot for differentiated application of agrochemicals, designed to ensure the effectiveness of applied plant protection products and improve the quality of its application. The features of all working organs and their influence on the uniformity of spraying plants were taken into account. (Conclusions) An autonomous field robot for differentiated application of agrochemical agents ensures uniformity of spraying by hovering the working organ over the plant, thereby reducing the risk of spreading of the working fluid. This is confirmed by a smaller relative spread of drops caught by cards. The data on the considered agrotechnical process comply with GOST 34630-2019 «Machines for plant protection. Sprayers. Test methods».
Effect of COVID-19 Patients Flow Rate from ER to LPD on COVID-19 Patients Healing Rates at RSUP DR. Sardjito’s ER
Authors: Arifin Muchammad Choerul , Muna Naelufa Syifna Wifaqotul , Yuliana Arizka , Mahardhika Lingga Sanjaya Putra , Santoso Albert Hosea , Ertiningsih Dwi
Published: July 2022

COVID-19 or Coronavirus Disease-19 which first appeared in December 2019 has spread around the world, one of which is Indonesia. The spread of the COVID-19 has affected all areas of human life and the most affected area is health. It can be known from the number of COVID-19 patients in numerous national referral hospitals, one of which is RSUP Dr. Sardjito. This large number of COVID-19 patients often causes a high number of bed occupancy rates and has an impact on special rooms, the room for COVID-19 patients who come to the hospital for the first time or the Emergency Room (ER) and the room for COVID-19 patients from the ER who was declared seriously ill or inpatient. Furthermore, imbalance between the number of ER and Long-stay Patient Department (LPD) and the number of COVID-19 patients result in a decrease in the flow rate of COVID-19 patients from the ER to the long stay patient department. To find out the impact of that flow rate, this research was conducted using Richard's Curve and Kaplan-Meier Estimator. The results of this research show effect of flow rate which can be observed from the probability of COVID-19 patients who recovered or died in each special room. The probability of a COVID-19 patient in the ER recovered is greater than the probability of a patient died. Meanwhile, the probability of a COVID-19 patient in the long stay patient department recovered is smaller than the probability of a patient died.
Vector-Valued Inequality of Fractional Integral Operator with Rough Kernel on Morrey-Adams Spaces
Authors: Salim Daniel , Soeharyadi Yudi , Budhi Wono Setya
Published: July 2022

In 2019, Salim et al proved the vector-valued inequality for maximal operator with rough kernel on Lebesgue spaces and Morrey spaces. This results extend Fefferman-Stein inequality (1971). In 1970’s, Adams introduced another variant of Morrey spaces, which called as Morrey-Adams spaces. In this article, we prove vector-valued inequality for maximal operator and fractional integral operator with rough kernel on Morrey–Adams spaces.
Numerical Simulation of Flood Routing, Model of Dynamic Equations
Authors: Wiryanto Leo Hari , Widyawati Ratna
Published: July 2022

Dynamic equations of flow in a rectangular inclined channel are solved numerically for the case where the friction force of the channel wall is neglected by the gravity force. The flow discharge and the cross-section area along the channel are physical quantity that is calculated. In non-dimensional variables, the equations indicate solution in traveling wave occurring for critical flow. Near that type of flow, the perturbation method is applied to get second order equations that are first order partial differential equation with external force from the lower order equations. Numerical solution is obtained by predictor-corrector method, and the effect of these second order equations can be observed to the traveling wave, depending on the type of the flow, su-percritical or subcritical.
Some Properties of Von Neumann Regular Graphs of Rings
Authors: Kharkongor Diamond , Boro Laithun , Singh Madan Mohan , Dutta Sanghita
Published: July 2022

Let R be a ring with unity. Taloukolaei and Sahebi [2] introduced the Von Neumann regular graph GV nr+(R) of a ring, whose vertex set is R and two distinct vertices x and y are adjacent if and only if x + y is a Von Neumann regular element. In this article, we investigate some new properties of GV nr+(R) such as traversability, pancyclic, unicyclic, chordal and perfect. We also investigate the domination parameters of GV nr+(R) such as dominating set, domination number, total domination number, connected domination number and give the condition when the GV nr+(R) is an excellent graph. Finally we determine the bondage number.
n-Boundedness and n-Continuity of Linear Operators
Authors: Soibam Romen Meitei
Published: July 2022

The concept of n-bounded and n-continuous operators is discussed as an extension of the concept introduced in [12]. The equivalence of three statements on n-continuity and n-boundedness of a linear operator from a normed space into an n-normed space is also proved. This newly introduced concept is proved to be identical to one type of n-continuity introduced in [12].
Intussusception, A Rare Presentation of MIS-C
Authors: Jayakanthan S , Krithika A.P
Published: July 2022

Intussusception refers to the invagination of one part of intestine into itself. It is the most common abdominal emergency encountered in children younger than 2 years of age. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children or pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with covid -19{PIMS-TS} is a relatively rare complication of COVID 19 infection occurring in<1% of children who may have a past history of confirmed covid-19 infection. Many cases of intussusception are reported when a child suffers from acute covid 19 infection. But a case of intussusception which itself is a manifestation of MIS-C is not reported so far. A 7-year-old boy presented with fever, abdomen pain was found to have ileocolic intussusception. It was then successfully reduced pneumatically. But he continued to have high temperatures and later developed mucocutaneous manifestations and shock. Keeping the current pandemic in view, he was investigated and was found to be suffering from MIS-C. He was then treated by our hospital protocol successfully. This is a rare presentation of MIS-C, and so is reported here. This 7year old boy presented with fever, abdomen pain and was found to have ileocolic intussusception. It was then reduced pneumatically. He continued to have high temperature and later developed mucocutaneous manifestations and shock. With the investigations, he was found to be suffering from MIS-C. He was then treated by our hospital MISC-C protocol successfully. This is a rare presentation of MIS-C, which warrants a high index of suspicion.
Effect of Vitamin – D Supplementation On Serum TSH Levels in Pregnant Women and Its Co Relation to Age and Body Mass Index.
Authors: V Srilekha , B Vijayalakshmi , Reddy Yogananda
Published: July 2022

The main aim of the study is to investigate the association between vitamin D after insufficiency and thyroid hormone levels in pregnancy. The objective of the present study is to see how serum vitamin D levels are related to Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) during the first trimester of after pregnancy in relation to the age and BMI of the pregnant women. In this crosssectional study 100 pregnant women (50as control group, 50 as vitamin D supplementation group) are included and categorized as per their age and BMI. Vitamin D supplementation is done under the supervision of the gynecologist at the start of 1st trimester and at the end of the first-trimester, serum TSH levels are estimated in them. The mean was analysed by two-way ANOVA (Twoway analysis of variance with Bonferroni‘t’ test method). For all the statistics and graph plotting, SigmaPlot 13.0 (Systat software, USA) was used. P <0.05 is considered significant. The difference in the mean values among the different levels of the group is not significant enough to exclude the after possibility that the difference is just due to random sampling variability after allowing for the effects of differences in BMI Category. There is not a statistically significant difference (P = 0.506). According to the findings of this study, there is no correlation between vitamin D levels and TSH levels in relation to the age and BMI of pregnant women; therefore, more research should be done on groups of pregnant women divided by weeks of pregnancy and age, and vitamin D supplementation should be recommended.
Evidence Supporting the Diethylstilbestrol Induction of Endometriosis Via Immune-Inflammatory Pathway in Rat Model
Authors: Priya Krishnamoorthy Sathiya , Balamuthu Kadalmani
Published: July 2022

Endometriosis is a benign reproductive disorder distinguished by chronic inflammation and anomalous progress of stromal cells and glands outside the uterus. Though the etiology of endometriosis is still a matter of debate, the immuneinflammatory mediators are thought to play a major role. Macrophage infiltration and proinflammatory intermediaries in the peritoneal environment peritoneal milieu impact ovarian, uterine function and pelvic morphology, resulting in endometriosis symptoms and signs. The endometriosis model system was developed using diethylstilbestrol (DES) which is examined to develop the disease via the immune-inflammatory pathway. The immune-inflammatory markers (NFKB, MAPK, TNF-α, IL-6 and STAT- 3) were investigated in this study. The results demonstrated that the DES induced endometriosis animal model had a higher level of CA-125, a biomarker of endometriosis. Endometriosis-induced groups had increased levels of NFKB, MAPK, TNF-α, IL-6 and STAT-3 which clearly depicts the immune-inflammatory role in the induction. Finally, the results conclude that DES induced endometriosis via the immune-inflammatory pathway.
Transmissão de energia mecânica por meio de correias flexíveis
Authors: Nunez David Lira
Published: July 2022

Uma grande quantidade de equipamentos é acionada por motores elétricos
que transmitem uma determinada rotação e torque por meio de sistemas de
transmissão flexíveis, especificamente pelo uso de correias. Estas
apresentam, no seu perfil transversal, o formato em V, mas também
existem correias que, comparadas com as de formato em V, oferecem maior
precisão de rotação entre o sistema de acionamento e o sistema acionado,
ou seja, sincronizam a rotação durante a partida, o funcionamento e a
parada da máquina, e é daí o nome do segundo tipo de correias de
transmissão flexíveis, as correias síncronas ou sincronizadoras. Embora
as correias sejam um elemento mecânico de suma importância na nossa
atualidade, poucas atualizações foram encontradas na literatura
consolidada dos cursos de Engenharia Mecânica, forçando em alguns casos
a seguir o procedimento de cálculo errado ou desatualizado para a
seleção de um tipo de correia, não levando em consideração o que se
encontra disponível na atualidade. Nesse sentido, esta publicação busca
apresentar os cálculos consolidados da literatura acadêmica para a
seleção correta de uma correia flexível e atualizar os mesmos com
gráficos e fatores padronizados pelos principais fabricantes desse tipo
de elemento de transmissão mecânica. Também são abordadas as principais
normas internacionais usadas para a fabricação de correias e suas
respectivas polias. Finalmente, com o intuito de consolidar o
procedimento de cálculo de uma correia de transmissão, é apresentado um
estudo de caso que busca a seleção da melhor correia flexível.
Supporting Information for "Hierarchical planning with deep reinforcement learning for three-dimensional navigation of microrobots in blood vessels"
Authors: Yang Yuguang , Bevan Michael A. , Li Bo
Published: July 2022

This supporting information includes supplemental figures, movies,
additional results, and the key steps in the neural network training
algorithm.

 Corresponding author Email: 
 yyang60@jhu.edu (Y.Y.)   
 libome@tsinghua.edu (B.L.)
The Nature of Long COVID and its Solution
Authors: Ola Paul
Published: July 2022

Logical conclusions from observations have been unable to verifiably account for the nature of long COVID or the nature of its solution. In this paper, a verifiable hypothesis emerges from the reality we have illustrated with a superior method of obtaining knowledge which makes logical deductions only to obtain consequences, those predictions which must agree perfectly with observations if indeed our hypotheses are the knowledge we require to solve longstanding problems. The results of the illustrated reality in the previous investigation 1 lead to a very interesting and important consequence. And with the goal of eliminating difficulties such as those presented by long COVID, we shall deduce this consequence here.
The Nature of the Problem of Immunity and its Solution
Authors: Ola Paul
Published: July 2022

Tens of millions of our own kind are killed by diseases in spite of the laudable effort of our healthcare teams every single year that the problem of immunity remains unsolved. But this problem is not longstanding because of the complexity of the nature of immunity but rather because we have been trying to obtain the knowledge we require to solve problems from theories that are logically deduced from observations when such knowledge can only be obtained from theories that are obtained with a method that requires reality to be illustrated and deductions to be made only for the purpose of knowing whether or not we have obtained the knowledge we seek from the results of our illustrations through the agreement or disagreement between facts and the consequences we have deduced from such results. The most influential among the theories of immunity is that which Ilya Mechnikov logically deduced from inflammatory phenomena in which phagocytosing cells that envelope and store foreign entities are brought to sites of cell death even in the absence of pathogens. This theory of immunity aimed to find proof for the logical deduction in which Pasteur and co-workers proposed the mechanism by which
Cultural Intelligence: Use Case of Haitian Refugee
Authors: Hussain Shafiq , Maker Paul
Published: July 2022

After providing the exact background to Haitian migration and its multifaceted vulnerability, this paper argues that diaspora geographies largely explain the location of Haitian refugees and asylum seekers in North America and the French Caribbean. Is. We then explore the relationship between the evolution of immigration coverage and the improvement of recent immigration routes in the direction of South America, where the spread of the multidimensional nature of this immigration paved the way for the legalization of Haitian immigration, particularly But in Brazil. The complementary immigrant characteristics of Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, and Chile have created an entirely new local immigrant machine centered on southeastern and southern Brazil. This emerging South-South migration route is part of a larger Haitian migration machine that connects Latin America with North America and the Caribbean.
Serum biochemistry suggests a physiological response to environmental stress in a native urban Eastern Gray Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) population
Authors: Schmidt Chloé , Treberg Jason , Kinnunen Riikka , Garroway Colin
Published: July 2022

Urban wildlife populations experience human-driven environmental changes that can be both beneficial and detrimental to individual health. We measured body condition and serum chemistry (electrolyte levels, markers of kidney and liver function, protein, glucose, and cholesterol) in a native urban and rural population of Eastern Gray Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) to assess whether we could detect physiological responses to environmental stressors or dietary differences. We found no differences in body condition between habitats and no evidence of malnutrition at either site. However, urban squirrels had higher blood glucose, lower potassium, phosphorus, chloride, and albumin:globulin ratios. These results align with previous findings of increased dietary sugar in cities and suggest that urban populations of gray squirrels are under greater environmental stress than rural populations, providing future directions for studying physiological responses to urbanization.
Foraging patterns vary with the degree of sociality among Common Loon (Gavia immer) overwintering on a freshwater lake
Authors: Mager John , Wade Brooks , Abts Sherry , Paruk James
Published: July 2022

Little is known about the behaviour of Common Loon (Gavia immer) during the critical overwintering period, let alone the behaviour of the small, but increasing number of loons that overwinter on freshwater lakes in North America. We examined the diurnal time-activity budgets of Common Loon overwintering on a large reservoir in northwest South Carolina between 2018 and 2020. Similar to previous studies of breeding individuals and individuals that overwinter in marine waters, loons (n = 132) overwintering on this reservoir spent most of their time (52%) foraging. However, we found distinct differences in the activity budgets of individuals associated with their degree of sociality. Solitary birds (individuals spending 0–20% of time within 20 m of conspecifics) spent significantly more time foraging than did those that were either loosely-social (>20–<70% of time within 20 m of conspecifics) or strongly-social (70–100% of time). Although solitary loons made as many foraging dives as social birds, their dives were much longer, likely reflecting dives for larger predatory fish. In contrast, social individuals made much shorter, shallower dives, often foraging on shallower baitfish that they appear to pursue to the water surface and consume collectively. Such findings add to our understanding of loon winter behaviour and raise interesting questions regarding social behaviour and the short- and long-term trade-offs associated with social foraging in this species.
First report of Eastern Red-backed Salamander (Plethodon cinereus) on Newfoundland
Authors: Baxter-Gilbert James , King Lorne , Riley Julia
Published: July 2022

The island of Newfoundland has no native amphibian taxa, although six species of Anura (i.e., frogs and toads) have been introduced since European colonisation, four of which have established self-sustaining populations. Here, we document Eastern Red-backed Salamander (Plethodon cinereus) on Newfoundland for the first time, in what appears to be a self-sustaining population near Conception Bay South. This is the first species of Caudata (i.e., newts and salamanders) to have been introduced to the island, as well as the first occurrence of Eastern Red-backed Salamander establishing a population outside its native range. The impact that this non-native species might have on forest ecosystems on Newfoundland is unclear and further study is required to determine whether eradication of the species from Newfoundland is necessary or feasible.
La didáctica del cálculo integral: el caso de los procedimientos de integración
Authors: Sandoval Hernández Mario. A. , Vázquez Leal Héctor , Huerta Chua Jesús , Filobello Nino Uriel A. , Mayorga Cruz Darwin
Published: July 2022

En el presente artículo se analizan algunos procedimientos adicionales para la solución de integrales que complementan la manera tradicional de enseñanza en el cálculo integral. Dado que el contenido de los libros de cálculo solo se enfoca en ciertos procedimientos, que se ven plasmados dentro del aula, se propone, en primer lugar, una ampliación del formulario básico de cálculo integral adicionando las funciones Lambert W y las funciones Leal recientemente publicadas. En segundo lugar, se propone una guía didáctica para la solución de integrales por partes. Además, en este trabajo se presentan el método de integración Hermite-Ostrogradsky y el método para integrales de funciones irracionales. Ambos métodos pueden considerarse como una extensión de la integración por fracciones parciales y de la sustitución trigonométrica por cambio de variable; así, se evita el discurso matemático escolar. Como objetivo, se exponen procedimientos facilitadores y novedosos en la didáctica del cálculo integral para estudiantes del nivel medio superior y superior.