bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-material additive manufacturing: investigation of the combined use of ABS and PLA in the same structure
Authors: Yermurat Bagdaulyet , Seçgin Ömer , Taşdemir Vedat
Published: June 2023

3D printing using multi-materials has been one of the most popular topics recently. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is one of the most widely used techniques for the three-dimensional printing of plastics and composites by all industries. In this study, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polylactic acid (PLA) were printed in the same structure with an independent double extruder FDM 3D printer. In the study, three different layer thicknesses (0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, and 0.3 mm), three different infill ratios (30%, 60%, and 90%) and three different infill types (hexagon, triangle, and 3D infill) were used. Tensile specimens were produced according to the ASTM D638 type-IV standard. Tensile specimens of 4 mm in thickness were produced in 1 mm ABS and PLA layers. As a result of the tensile tests, it has been seen that when PLA and ABS are used together in the same structure, the tensile strength increases significantly.
HIV infections in youth: prevalence and associated factors
Authors: Silva Juliana Kelly Batista da , Santos Jamira Martins dos , Romero Renata Olívia Gadelha , Nóbrega Luciana Maria Bernardo , Queiroga Rodrigo Pinheiro Fernandes , Leadebal Oriana Deyze Correia Paiva , Nogueira Jordana de Almeida
Published: June 2023

Objective: to estimate the prevalence and associated factors with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection in youths. Methods: cross-sectional study in two Centers for Testing and Counseling, with 279 youths from 15 to 24 years old. An anti-HIV test and a structured instrument were applied. We used bivariate analysis and logistic regression, with Bonferroni corrections, to investigate the association between the variables and the outcome. Results: the prevalence of HIV in the youth analyzed was 3.9% (Confidence interval - CI95%: 1.0-10.1). The association with the outcome of HIV was statistically significant in male youth (p=0.001), homosexuals (p<0.001), those who tested due to sexual exposure (p=0.034), perception of a high risk of acquiring HIV (p=0.002), and anal sex (p=0.004). Homosexual youth (odds ratio-OR=13.46; CI95%;1.14-15.84), with a perception of high risk of acquiring HIV (OR=18.11; CI95%: 2.28-143.69) had a higher chance of being HIV positive. Conclusion: the prevalence of HIV and associated factors in youth was ascertained. Contributions to practice: the information produced here shows evidence for those who aim to formulate policies, including health managers and workers. It can give support to the elaboration of strategies that involve perfecting preventive, coordinated actions, adjusted to behavioral contexts in the settings studied.
Nursing work during the COVID-19 pandemic: (dis)satisfaction and (de)motivation
Authors: Santos Letícia de Assis , Uzeda Allana de Lacerda , Garcia Luana Ramos , Goulart Maithê de Carvalho e Lemos , Góes Fernanda Garcia Bezerra , Santos Janaina Luiza dos
Published: June 2023

Objective: to show the factors that lead to (dis)satisfaction and (de)motivation in the work of nursing professionals in the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: qualitative study, developed virtually, with professionals from nursing teams. Data was processed using the software Interface de R pour Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires and analyzed according to Thematic Analysis. Results: 72 workers participated. 45 (62.5%) stated to be satisfied and 46 (63.9%) to be motivated for work. The text segments were separated into four classes, each showing a factor that interfered in work (dis)satisfaction and (de)motivation. Conclusion: factors that intervene in satisfaction and motivation were mostly associated with patient recovery and helping one another. Among the factors that impacted on dissatisfaction and demotivation, the lack of needed supplies and work overload stood out. Contributions to practice: we identified needs and strategies relevant to improve the work environment.
Controlling the Spending of EU Funds in Italian and Polish Law Against the Background of EU Regulations
Authors: Wantoch-Rekowski Jacek , Tatì Elisabetta
Published: June 2023

Spending from the budget of the European Union (EU) should be done correctly, in line with EU and Member State legislation. However, minor or major irregularities cannot be avoided in the disbursement of EU funds, so procedures must be in place to detect and eliminate them. Control procedures are key in this respect. This article reviews the EU regulations that apply to the control of EU spending and analyses the control concepts adopted in two Member States: Italy and Poland. The authors found that in these two countries, the control of EU spending is carried out by a number of actors. Solutions for improvement were identified. The authors find it reasonable to conclude that administrative controls on the use of EU funds in Italy and Poland can be considered as on the path of being effective and efficient.
Controlling Public Expenditure in the Light of Constitutional Standards in Poland and the Czech Republic: Selected Aspects
Authors: Czudek Damian , Kozieł Michal , Lotko Ewa , Tyniewicki Marcin
Published: June 2023

This paper aims to answer the following research problem: what are the models of reasonable (proper) implementation of public expenditure arising from specific constitutional rules, and what are the standards for such spending? The authors present a thesis that the constitutional principle of legality, as well as the principle of public finance as a good which is protected constitutionally, sets general models, which consequently determine the standards of reasonable (proper) spending of public funds in the broad sense, i.e. in the context of legality and economy (purpose, economy, effectiveness and efficiency). Notably, these models and standards meet the postulate of complete financial control, i.e. at every stage of the budget procedure (budget design, planning and execution). The article uses so-called non-reactive research methods, based on the analysis of the content and availability of source information, i.e. theoretical and legal publications as well as legal regulations (especially constitutional ones) crucial from the point of view of the selected subject.
Control of Public Finances in French Law: Selected Institutional Aspects
Authors: Mariański Michał
Published: June 2023

This publication is a part of a study of the French Code des juridictions financières in the field of the institutional aspects of the control of public finances. The main purpose is not only to describe the specificity of the French legal system in this field but also to focus on the solutions and type of support institutions that were developed by the French legislator. The general control exercised by the Court of Auditors (Cour des comptes) and regional and territorial audit chambers (Chambres régionales et territoriales des comptes) can be more effective thanks to the so-called supporting institutions, such as the Court for Budgetary and Financial Discipline (Cour de discipline budgétaire et financière), the Supreme Council of Public Finance (Haut Conseil des finances publiques), or the Tribunal for Compulsory Contributions (Conseil des prélèvements obligatoires). This study and analysis of the provisions of the Code des juridictions financières related to the three above-mentioned supporting institutions may also be considered as the first step towards further in-depth analysis and research, and thus the possible application of structures and solutions that are present in French tax law by the Polish legislator or that of any other European country.
Mass transfer properties (permeability and mass diffusivity) of four Australian hardwood species
Authors: Redman Adam L. , Bailleres Henri , Turner Ian , Perré Patrick
Published: June 2023

Characterization of mass transfer properties was achieved in the longitudinal, radial, and tangential directions for four Australian hardwood species: spotted gum, blackbutt, jarrah, and messmate. Measurement of mass transfer properties for these species was necessary to complement current vacuum drying modeling research. Water-vapour diffusivity was determined in steady state using a specific vapometer. Permeability was determined using a specialized device developed to measure over a wide range of permeability values. Permeability values of some species and material directions were extremely low and undetectable by the mass flow meter device. Hence, a custom system based on volume evolution was conceived to determine very low, previously unpublished, wood permeability values. Mass diffusivity and permeability were lowest for spotted gum and highest for messmate. Except for messmate in the radial direction, the four species measured were less permeable in all directions than the lowest published figures, demonstrating the high impermeability of Australian hardwoods and partly accounting for their relatively slow drying rates. Permeability, water-vapour diffusivity, and associated anisotropic ratio data obtained for messmate were extreme or did not follow typical trends and is consequently the most difficult of the four woods to dry in terms of collapse and checking degradation.
SIMPOLE — Simulation of wood poles mechanical behaviour
Authors: Morgado Telmo F. M. , Dias Alfredo M. P. G. , Machado José S. , Negrão João H.
Published: June 2023

Generation of virtual poles, based on the statistical distribution of selected visual and physical properties, and the estimation of their mechanical properties are of great help for predicting the quality of the roundwood that a forest stand can provide. With this objective in mind, an algorithm, SIMPOLE (SIMulator of POLEs), was developed. This algorithm allows the generation of pole’s geometry, as well as the mechanical properties of clear wood and the distribution of knots along its length. This generation is made through statistical distributions. The generated poles are simulated, either according to standard EN14251 or according to EN14229, for testing with simple supported beam conditions or with cantilever beam conditions, respectively. The algorithm outputs are: the bending strength, the modulus of elasticity, the location, and cause of failure. The algorithm was calibrated with a sample of 56 maritime pine utility poles and validated with another sample of 57 small diameter maritime pine poles. The results for the validation sample show: for bending strength, a mean error of 16.9%, and for modulus of elasticity, a mean error of 17.2%. Based on these results, the algorithm shows potential to estimate mechanical characteristics of small diameter poles from a forest.
Metabolites and chemical group changes in the wood-forming tissue of Pinus koraiensis under inclined conditions
Authors: Shi Jiangtao , Li Jian
Published: June 2023

The differential expression of metabolites in wood-forming tissue in response to abiotic stresses might regulate or decide the cell wall contents and architecture via multiple pathways or networks. In order to determine whether such chemical modifications were associated with compression wood formation in a Pinus koraiensis sapling stem, polar metabolites were identified by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and their major chemical components were measured. Varieties and abundances of metabolites were significantly affected by the number of days during which the saplings were bent into an inclined position. Polysaccharides like glucose, fructose, and glucopyranoside sharply decreased in treated stems, and simultaneously, some compounds related to biological resistance increased. This indicated that the monomer content showed changes in polymer synthesis. However, major metabolites clearly showed changes at an stage of stress application but were not obvious at later stages. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), cellulose crystallinity, and quantitative analysis of lignin showed similar variation patterns at different inclined times, but no consistent relationship.
Evaluation of different approaches for the drying of lignocellulose residues
Authors: Tenorio Carolina , Moya Roger
Published: June 2023

The main objective of this study was to evaluate three methodological approaches for the drying (air drying, solar drying, and hot-air drying) of three lignocelluloses residues in Costa Rica, namely the empty fruit bunches of oil palm (EFB), pineapple plant leaves (PL) with different treatments on this leaf, and sawdust from Gmelina arborea (GAD). The initial moisture content (MCi), the drying times, and the variation of moisture content (MC) with time were determined. A mathematical model of the relation between MC and drying time was also established. The results showed that the MCi was the highest in PL (over 79%), followed by EFB (over 47%), and GAD (lower than 47%). Drying times were higher for air drying, followed by solar drying, and finally hot-air drying. PL showed the longest drying times, followed by GAD and EFB. However, it can be reduced by shortening strands, application of grooves in the cuticle, or crushing the leaf. The MC variation model revealed that the function was Y = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d for all three drying techniques, and the weather conditions where the drying was tested. This model presents high coefficients of determination (over 0.97) and low percentage of errors (1.85-4.73%).
Effect of alkali treatment on water absorption of single cellulosic abaca fiber
Authors: Ramadevi Punyamurthy , Sampathkumar Dhanalakshmi , Srinivasa Chikkol Venkteshappa , Bennehalli Basavaraju
Published: June 2023

Environmentally beneficial composites can be made by replacing synthetic fibers with various types of cellulosic fibers. Fibers from pine wood, coir, sisal, abaca, coir, etc. are all good candidates. The most important factor in finding good fiber reinforcement in the composites is the strength of adhesion between matrix polymer and fiber. Due to the presence of hydroxyl groups and other polar groups in various constituents of abaca, the moisture absorption is high, which leads to poor wettability and weak interfacial bonding between fibers and the more hydrophobic matrices. Therefore, it is necessary to impart a hydrophobic nature to the fibers by suitable chemical treatments in order to develop composites with better mechanical properties. In the present work, the effect of alkali treatment on the moisture absorption tendency of single abaca fiber was investigated. The results shown that the alkali treated fiber absorbs less moisture than the untreated raw fiber.
Ethanol production from the mixture of hemicellulose prehydrolysate and paper sludge
Authors: Kang Li , Lee Y. Y. , Yoon Sung-Hoon , Smith Allen J. , Krishnagopalan Gopal A.
Published: June 2023

Much of the hemicellulose fraction of pulp mill feedstock is released into black liquor during the pulping process, and it is combusted to recover chemicals and energy in the form of steam and electricity. It is technically feasible to recover this fraction of carbohydrates and convert it into value-added products. In this study, a portion of the hemicellulose in pulp feed was hydrolyzed to soluble sugars by hot-water treatment. The sugars (mixtures of pentose, hexose, and their oligomers) were then converted to ethanol by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) employing pectinase and the ethanologenic microorganism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The prehydrolysate produced from wood also contained toxins, primarily lignin and sugar degradation products, which strongly inhibited the microbial and the enzymatic reactions. De-toxification of the prehydrolysates was achieved by over-liming (addition of excess CaO). The total sugar concentration in the prehydrolysate obtained from softwood was below 4 wt%, which is roughly equivalent to 2 wt% ethanol, far below the acceptable level for downstream processing. In our previous study (Kang et al. 2010), a certain amount of water is added to attain fluidity required for SSF operation. In this study, prehydrolysate, in place of water, was added into the bioreactor along with the sludge. The proposed scheme has proven that total sugar concentration as well as product concentration in the bioreactor can be significantly increased above that of the sludge-alone operation.
Process variables optimization for preparation and characterization of novel adsorbent from lignocellulosic waste
Authors: Chowdhury Zaira Zaman , Zain Sharifuddin Mohd. , Khan Rashid Atta , Arami-Niya Arash , Khalid Khalisanni
Published: June 2023

In this study, powdered activated carbon (PAC) was produced from agricultural waste biomass of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) core or stalk, and the process variables were optimized by applying central composite design (CCD). The influences of carbonization temperature, duration of activation, and impregnation ratio on removal percentage of copper Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution and carbon yield were investigated. A quadratic model for adsorption percentage and a 2FI model for carbon yield were developed. The models were used to determine optimum process variables for production of activated carbon from the woody core of kenaf. From the analysis of variance (ANOVA), the most significant factor on each response of adsorption capacity and yield were identified. An activation temperature of (568±1)°C, activation time of 2.02 hours, and impregnation ratio of 1.75 were found as optimum production conditions. The experimental results showed excellent agreement with the predicted results obtained from a designed experiment that included the variables and responses of sorption capacity and yield. Textural properties of the prepared activated carbons were determined. The performance of the prepared activated carbon was further evaluated by fitting the equilibrium data with regression equations of Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models at different temperatures. The research concluded that the prepared sorbent has good potential to remove Cu (II) ions from waste water.
Assessment and utilization of agricultural residue resources in Henan province, China
Authors: Wang Zhi-Wei , Lei Ting-Zhou , Yan Xiao-Yu , Li Ying-Li , He Xiao-Feng , Zhu Jin-ling
Published: June 2023

Henan is the main agricultural province in China and is the top producer of wheat, representing 25% of the national wheat output. Henan has been the top province in terms of total food crop production since 2000. So, agricultural residue resources, which could provide material for future social and economic development, are abundant in Henan. But the province is facing critical problems from burning agricultural residues. Both efficient use and environmental protection of the resources are beginning to receive more attention. This study assessed the agricultural residue resources available for utilization and examined recent development targets in Henan. Agricultural residues were estimated for the base year 2009. Approximately 59.12 million tonnes of agricultural residues were consumed in various ways, and the average percentage of agricultural residue utilization was 70.07%. Agricultural residue is mainly used as a fertilizer, an energy source, industrial material, forage, and as feedstock for edible fungi. Short-term targets were provided for the development of suitable uses for agricultural residues through several demonstration projects, which will help to increase the efficient use of agricultural residue in Henan, China.
Comparison of the expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae of endoglucanase II from Trichoderma reesei and endoglucanase I from Aspergillus aculeatus
Authors: Zhang Weina , Liu Cheng , Wang Guoqiang , Ma Yuanyuan , Zhang Kun , Zou Shaolan , Zhang Minhua
Published: June 2023

Two distinct expression cassettes were synthesized by overlapping PCR for expressing the endoglucanase I gene (egl1) from Aspergillus aculeatus and the endoglucanase II gene (egl2) from Trichoderma reesei in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae host. One contained the anchored sequence from the S. cerevisiae cwp2 gene, while the other did not. The low and high copy number plasmids YCplac33 and YEplac195 were used. The enzymatic activities and viscosity changes in the YP-CMC medium varied between the eight recombinant yeast strains produced, and the greatest values were obtained with the YE-TrEII’ strain, which had an activity of 347.7 U/g dry cell weight (DCW) and viscosity at 12 h of 4.7% of the initial control value, respectively; YE-TrEII’ was YEplac195-based and contained T. reesei egl2 and no Cwp2 sequence. Strains YC-AaEI and YC-TrEII showed the lowest enzyme activitiy (80.5 and 30.4 U/g DCW, respectively) and viscosity changes at 12 h (20.5 and 26.2% of the initial control viscosity, respectively), which were YCplac33-based and contained the Cwp2 sequence. The results showed that gene copy number was the most significant factor to influence the expression of endoglucanases in S. cerevisiae, and the existence of Cwp2 sequence led to decreased enzymatic level and viscosity-reducing performance, while it was shown not to realize efficient surface display of these two endoglucanases.
Cellulosic pulps of cereal straws as raw material for the manufacture of ecological packaging
Authors: Vargas Fátima , González Zoilo , Sánchez Rafael , Jiménez Luis , Rodríguez Alejandro
Published: June 2023

The aim of this work was to study the potential application of four types of cereal straws: oats, maize, rapeseed, and barley, in order to obtain cellulose pulp through the Specel® process for use in the manufacture of 100% biodegradable and ecological packaging. Raw materials were chemically characterized to determine alcohol-extractives, ash, lignin, holocellulose, and α-cellulose. Cellulosic pulps obtained from raw materials were characterized to determine yield, Kappa number, and viscosity. Paper sheets made from cellulosic pulps were characterized to determine beating degree, tensile index, stretch, burst index, tear index, and brightness. Finally, the results were compared to the raw material used in the industrial manufacturing of packaging (wheat). The four studied raw materials (oats, maize, rapeseed, and barley) were judged to be suitable for use in the Specel® process to obtain cellulosic pulp suitable for production of ecological containers.
On the recovery of hemicellulose before kraft pulping
Authors: Vila Carlos , Romero Javier , Francisco José L. , Santos Valentín , Parajó Juan C.
Published: June 2023

To assess the feasibility of implementing hemicellulose recovery stages in kraft mills, Eucalyptus globulus wood samples were subjected to aqueous treatments with hot, compressed water (autohydrolysis processing) to achieve partial dissolution of xylan. Autohydrolyzed solids were subjected to kraft pulping under selected conditions to yield a pulp of low kappanumber, and to an optimized TCF bleaching sequence made up of three stages (alkaline oxygen delignification, chelating, and pressurized hydrogen peroxide), with minimized additions of pulping and bleaching chemicals. The final product had a relatively low kappa number (1.4), 641 mL/g ISO intrinsic viscosity, and 86.4% brightness.
Antifungal activity of geothermal fluids from different regions of Turkey
Authors: Var Ahmet Ali , Yalcin Mesut , Sen Selim , Tascioglu Cihat
Published: June 2023

Antifungal effects of geothermal fluids obtained from the Ankara, Afyon, Denizli, and Eskişehir regions of Turkey on white-rot (Trametes versicolor, MAD-697) and brown-rot (Coniophora puteana, FPRL 11E) fungus (Basidiomycetes) were studied. Fungal experiments were performed on kraft paper and Scots pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.). We used non-concentrated geothermal water and concentrated geothermal water (via evaporation) in ratios of 25%, 50%, and 75%. To evaluate the results, we measured the concentration of specific minerals in the geothermal fluids such as boron (B), arsenic (As), copper (Cu), sulfate (SO4), sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), fluoride (F), potassium (K), and ammonia (NH3). The highest antifungal effect was observed for a geothermal fluid from the Denizli region, followed by Ankara, Afyon, and Eskişehir, in decreasing order. Antifungal properties of GFs are thought to be associated with the type and amount of mineral substances. In addition, the antifungal effects increased with increasing concentrations of geothermal water.
Controlled enzymolysis preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose from pretreated cotton fibers
Authors: Chen Xiaoquan , Deng Xueyan , Shen Wenhao , Jiang Lingling
Published: June 2023

Natural cotton fibers were pretreated with DMSO, NaOH, or ultrasonic waves and hydrolyzed by cellulase (Trichoderma vride G) to prepare nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). The as-prepared samples were characterized by TEM, DLS, XRD, and FT-IR. The influences of the pretreatment on the yield and morphology of NCC were investigated. The alterations of the crystalline phase and chemical structure of NCC were also measured during the enzymolysis process. The experimental results proved that the pretreated cotton fibers could be hydrolyzed by the Trichoderma cellulase to prepare a nanosized strip (10 to 40 nm ´ 70 to 280 nm) and grainy (20 nm or 6 nm) crystalline cellulose, in which the different morphologies resulted from the different manners of pretreatment. The unaltered crystalline phase and chemical composition of NCC prepared by enzymolysis of pretreated cotton fibers were measured. The highest yield of NCC reached was 32.4%.
A concise review of the natural existance, synthesis, properties, and applications of syringaldehyde
Authors: Mohamad Ibrahim Mohamad Nasir , Sriprasanthi R. B. , Shamsudeen Shaharuddin , Adam Farook , Bhawani Showkat A.
Published: June 2023

Syringaldehyde is a promising aromatic aldehyde that no longer deserves to remain in obscurity. It possesses worthy bioactive properties and is, therefore, used in pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, textiles, pulp and paper industries, and even in biological control applications. Mostly, the synthetic form of syringaldehyde is being used. This review serves as an appraisal of potential research and commercialization of naturally occurring syringaldehyde beyond the scope of the food and cosmetic industries. This article also provides a comprehensive account of the various conventional extraction and chromatographic techniques used in the separation, isolation, and quantification of syringaldehyde. Further, to understand this unique compound, a brief outline on the natural formation of syringaldehyde in lignin is accentuated in this article.
A review of oil palm biocomposites for furniture design and applications: Potential and challenges
Authors: Suhaily S. S. , Jawaid M. , Abdul Khalil H. P. S. , Mohamed A. R. , Ibrahim F.
Published: June 2023

This review considers the potential and challenges of using agro-based oil palm biomasses, including the trunk, frond, empty fruit bunch, and palm press fiber biocomposites, for furniture applications. Currently, design and quality rather than price are becoming the primary concern for consumers when buying new furniture. Within this context, this paper focuses on the design of innovative, sustainable furniture from agro-based biocomposites to meet the needs of future population growth and technology. This research also discusses the need for biocomposite materials that do not depend on the growth of populations, but on the growth and development of the economy. This study focuses on globally available agro-based biocomposites, especially those from oil palm biomass: plywood, medium density fiberboard (MDF), wood plastic composite (WPC), laminated veneer lumber (LVL), oriented strand board (OSB), hardboards, and particleboard. Additional positive aspects of biocomposites are their environmentally friendly character, high quality, competitive design, and capacity to improve the value proposition of high-end products. These attributes increase the demand for agro-based biocomposite furniture on the international market.
Didactics: peculiarities of planning and managing the process of teaching the Mae hiza geri chudan technique in 8-year-old boys
Authors: Marchenko Svitlana , Khudolii Oleg , Ivashchenko Olha , Musliumova Sabina
Published: June 2023

The aim of the study was to develop models for planning and managing the development of the Mae hiza geri chudan technique in 8-year-old boys.

Materials and methods. 32 of 8-year-old boys took part in the study. Children and their parents were informed about all peculiarities of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment. The following research methods were used to solve the tasks: study and analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observation, timing of educational tasks, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics, and methods of mathematical planning of the experiment. The method of algorithmic orders was used in the learning process.

Results. The obtained correlations show the interrelation of training the Mae hiza geri chudan technique in Kyokushinkai karate with load intensity parameters such as the number of approaches and rest intervals. Because of determining the ratio of the largest estimation of variances to the sum of all estimations of variances and comparing its value with the critical one (Gcalcul. < Gtabl.), the hypothesis of homogeneity of variances of experimental data is accepted. The obtained values of Fisher's criterion (F) indicate the adequacy of the obtained mathematical models they are able to predict the results of the experiment with the required accuracy (Fcalcul. ≤ Ftabl.).

Because of practical modeling of the pedagogical process, the following variants of conditions of educational tasks performance for mastering the Mae hiza geri chudan technique were obtained: 1 series – 4 approaches, rest interval 60–120 s; 2 series – 4 approaches, rest interval 60 s; 3 series – 2–4 approaches, rest interval 60 s; 4 series – 4 approaches, rest interval 60 s; 5 series – 4 approaches, rest interval 60–120 s; 6 series – 4 approaches, rest interval 60–120 s.

Conclusions. The verification of the obtained regression models allows us to state that they adequately describe the results of the experiment. It is possible to plan and control the training process on the basis of regression equations and to select rational modes of training the Mae hiza geri chudan technique in Kyokushinkai karate in 8-year-old boys.

The influence of exercise modes on the effectiveness of training in a series of motor tasks was determined as a result of the factorial experiment. The number of approaches positively influences the mastering of the first series by 95%, the second series by 81.4%, the third series by 71.4%, the fourth series by 71.3%, the fifth series by 96.5%, and the sixth series by 99.78%.
Mapping of processes and risks in the digital transformation in metrology of ionizing radiation, a case study in X-rays air kerma calibration
Authors: Garcia Igor Fernando Modesto , Santos Ferreira Jeovana , Matos Macedo Eric , Teixeira Navarro Marcos Vinicius , Pereira Peixoto José Guilherme
Published: June 2023

For the new metrological challenges of an increasingly digitized world, several countries are developing applications and infrastructure for Digital Calibration Certificates – DCC, researching the comparability of real and virtual measurements. Objective: to map the processes and risks related to the digital transformation of X-rays air kerma calibration. The Failure Mode and Effect Analysis - FMEA was used to quantify risks and is widely used in the aviation and automotive industry due to its reliability. The results presented a conceptual model for calibrating ionizing radiation quantities in the framework of new technologies and calibration 4.0 and comparing processes and risks. The conceptual model of calibration 4.0 comprises three main parts: a transmitter, the 4.0 communication network, and a receiver. Intelligent devices with configurations enable calibration data transfers by radio-frequency messaging in all these parts. Comparing risks in contemporary and calibration 4.0 processes, a slight reduction in the total risk can be observed. But new risks are unique to the 4.0 model, all with maximum severity, and how to mitigate them is still unknown. It is also possible to estimate that artificial intelligence and automation can significantly reduce measurement risks, identification, and error in the analysis and use of calibration certificates.
The Musical Underground as an Alternative to the Art Scene of Totalitarianism and Post-Totalitarianism
Authors: Ovcharenko Sviatoslav
Published: June 2023

The musical underground as an underground art testifying what is outside the framework of the Soviet cultural mainstream of the 1980s and 1990s to various extent is considered in the article. It is proved that the concept of underground correlates with the notion of an alternative to the official party art scene of totalitarianism, and is often confused with the related concept of sixties. It is emphasized that the underground is a form of protest art, that is a form of protest in art. It is determined that the musical underground can be, in fact, political, aesthetic, and artistic. It characterizes the artistic surroundings of the underground in which the artist lives. The musical underground has appeared on the territory of Ukraine since the 1980s after all the complex transformations those taking place in academic art (opera and symphony) and after the final legalization of jazz, rock, eco-jazz and other trends those have become permissible and legitimate in the context of the post-Soviet reality of music. Conclusions. The underground as an underground art expresses its socio-cultural functions in different contexts. Thus, in a totalitarian space underground art becomes a certain locus of elite, selected performers opposing the general oppression of freedom and human rights, and also carrying out the process of creative self-expression, declaration of will in post-totalitarian societies. It is found out that the underground becomes an art symbol aimed at certain vectors of communication and defines itself as a trash culture, or as a niche character and method of culture creation.
On Song Dictation and Their Texts in the Village of Shalanky (Transcarpathia)
Authors: Gál Adél
Published: June 2023

The present paper examines a novel aspect of folk literacy within the ethnographical research, in particular to a separate genre of oral folk art, which is an organic component of modern Ukrainian and Hungarian cultures. The focus of the study is written sources from the village of Shalanky (Berehove District, Transcarpathia), as well as from some other areas of the former Hungarian historical region of Ugocsa. The collection entitled The Book for Funeral Ceremonies (Halottas alkalmakra készített és írott könyv) is presented in four copies, each containing songs for a funeral ceremony. The main occasions for recitative singing are, on the one hand, church events, divine services, and, on the other, funerals and commemorations. For the latter, there were prepared, in the Reformed communities, separate handwritten songbooks titled The Book-Collection of Funeral Songs, or The Book, Prepared and Written to Honour the dead. Currently, more than ten manuscripts have been collected in the studied region. Information about their use and purpose, the role in the life of a community can be obtained from narrations of informants. The oldest collection was compiled in the 1880s. The books contain only the texts that provide a decent burial of the dead. For burial, a cantor (singer) selects suitable songs by age, sex, ecclesiastical order of the deceased, etc. Most manuscripts have a similar structure; we can also find much in common in the subjects of song texts. In general, as already noted, the content of each manuscript is divided into ten sections, the songs are mainly grouped by age. Until recently, in the communities surveyed, there was a custom of so-called song dictation (recitative). Community members have different views on its decline. The older generation prefers recitative, while young people prefer rhythmic singing and new songs. However, the fact is that the song dictation was a characteristic sign of both the Reformed divine services and the Hungarian identity. It also had a moral content in relations between members of a community. Our duty is to show and preserve this custom!
Methodological platform for determining energy efficiency indicators of a complex system
Authors:   Interregional Academy of Personnel Management, 2, Frometivska St., Kyiv, 03039, Ukraine, Eutukhova Tatiana , Iliev Iliya ,   University of Ruse Angel Kanchev, 8 Studentska St., POB 7017, Ruse, Bulgaria, Novoseltsev Oleksandr ,   General Energy Institute of NAS of Ukraine, 172, Antonovycha St., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine, Nikitin Yevhen ,   General Energy Institute of NAS of Ukraine, 172, Antonovycha St., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine,   The Gas Institute of the NAS of Ukraine, 39, Degtyarivska St., Kyiv, 03113, Ukraine, Shcherbyna Yevhen ,   General Energy Institute of NAS of Ukraine, 172, Antonovycha St., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine
Published: June 2023

The correct determination of the energy efficiency (EE) of a complex system is a problematic task that requires the use of specialized methods and approaches. Most often, EE is considered as an indicator of the quality-of-service provision, which most fully corresponds to the technical and economic essence of this indicator. The structural and functional organization of the system of such indicators is carried out either on a bottom-up approach or a top-down approach, gradually deploying macroeconomic indicators defined at the system levels. This paper considers the tensor form of organization of the system of such indicators, which allows combining within a single model not only their organizational levels (economy as a whole, economic sectors, enterprises, technologies and equipment), but also the types of activities that reflect these indicators (energy, financial, economic, institutional, environmental, social, etc.), and the factors of changes in energy use (structural, technological, resource, managerial, regulatory, etc.). The paper presents the mapping of this model on the plane of structural and functional factors in the form of classification tables (matrices) of these factors (system elements). The paper describes the procedure for optimizing indicators, which can be carried out for each of these factors separately, their aggregate at each level and for the system as a whole, taking into account the need to implement iterative procedures for coordinating the global (system-wide) goal and local objective functions. Given the use of optimization variables measured in energy and monetary units, this problem is formalized within the framework of the set-theoretic approach. For the purpose of comparing the results, the paper examines the relevant provisions of the International Energy Agency methodology, which uses the direct method of three-factor Laspeyres decomposition analysis, and the Sectoral Methodology for Calculating Harmful Emissions of the Ministry for Communities and Territories Development of Ukraine. Keywords: Energy efficiency, energy efficiency indicators, system analysis, tensor approach.
Роль олова у формуванні мікро- і наноструктури поверхні шаруватих плівок Si–Sn–Si
Authors: Neimash V.B. , Shepelyavyi P.E. , Nikolenko A.S. , Strelchuk V.V. , Chegel V.I. , Olkhovyk I.V. , Voronov S.O.
Published: June 2023

Методи Раманiвської спектроскопiї, растрової електронної мiкроскопiї, атомно-силової мiкроскопiї i рентґено-флуоресцентного мiкроаналiзу застосованi з метою дослiдження впливу олова на форму i розмiри мiкро- та наноструктури поверхнi шаруватих плiвок Si–Sn–Si, а також на утворення в них нанокристалiв Si пiд час iндукованої оловом кристалiзацiї аморфного кремнiю. В данiй роботi вирiшувалися задачi експериментальної оцiнки ефективностi формування нанокристалiв Si в плiвках Si–Sn–Si, а також визначення форм i масштабiв шорсткостi поверхнi плiвок, мiкророзподiлу домiшок по їх площi i перерiзу. Експериментально пiдтверджено можливiсть формування нанокристалiв Si масштабу одиниць нанометрiв в бiльшiй частинi об’єму плiвок Si–Sn–Si. Вперше встановлено, що при виготовленнi таких плiвок методом термiчного вакуумного напилення товщина шару олова та її спiввiдношення з шарами кремнiю визначають форму i масштаб перiодичної структуризацiї рельєфу поверхнi, яка важлива для виготовлення реальних електронних приладiв. Головним елементом структурування рельєфу поверхнi плiвок виявилися квазисферичнi утворення дiаметром вiд 20 нм до 2–3 мкм. Зумовлена ними шорсткiсть поверхнi змiнюється в дiапазонi вiд одиниць до кiлькох десяткiв нанометрiв залежно вiд умов осадження шарiв. Форма поверхневих утворень змiнюється вiд гроно-подiбних дендритiв фрактального типу до опуклих елiпсоїдiв i багатокутникiв. Показано, що первинне структурування вiдбувається у виглядi утворення шару пiвсферичних мiкрокрапель олова вже у процесi його осадження. Вторинне структурування вiдбувається на етапi осадження другого шару кремнiю на шар олов’яних пiвсфер. На цьому етапi вiдбувається формування шару аморфного напiвпровiдника на поверхнi рiдинного металу, що дослiджувалось вперше. Отриманий таким чином аморфний кремнiй має порувату структуру, що складається з гроно-подiбних дендритiв фрактального типу масштабу сотень нанометрiв. Найменшi елементи дендритiв теж мають квазисферичну форму дiаметром 20–50 нм. Отриманi результати обговоренi з точки зору можливих застосувань.
Canine ophthalmic patients with endocrine and metabolic disorders - a review
Authors: Lapšanská M. , Balicka A. , Trbolová A.
Published: June 2023

The eye is particularly sensitive to various pathological processes in the body. Ocular changes are often the first symptoms of serious systemic diseases. Due to hormonal and metabolic disturbances in patients with endocrinopathies and metabolic disorders, secondary ophthalmic diseases can occur. Systemic diseases often cause ocular problems in animal and human patients. Early diagnosis of ophthalmic symptoms can help to identify a primary cause, such as endocrinopathies, and start an effective treatment. In some cases, clinical signs of systemic diseases are poorly documented in veterinary ophthalmology. Cataracts, retinopathy, metabolic disorders and systemic hypertension are common problems in animals with diabetes mellitus. Patients with hyperadrenocorticism may develop complications secondary to hyperlipidaemia and hypertension. Acute blindness due to sudden retinal dege­ne­ration (SARDS) has been associated with pituitary-adrenal axis disorders. Growth hormone disorders can result in secondary ocular complications due to hypertension (corneal infiltrates, decreased tear production and neurological dysfunction). Animals with hyperthyroidism may have ophthalmic problems associated with systemic hypertension and subsequent retinal bleeding or detachment.
Method of preparation individual instrument for knee arthroplasty
Authors: Golovakha Maxim , Bondarenko Stanislav
Published: June 2023

Objective. To improve the results of total knee arthroplasty by developing a methodology for the design and manufacture of an individual instrument for the implants accuracy installation. Methods. An analysis of the literature on various concepts of alignment was carried out. In practice, one of them was chosen depending on the clinical case. For preoperative planning, a CT scan of the lower extremities was performed with the capture of the pelvis or hip joint; feet completely or up to the calcaneus (CT 64 or 128 slices were used for better visualization and increased accuracy). With the help of RadiAnt DICOM, the 3D model was converted into an STL file, which was uploaded to the FreeformPlus program, where preoperative planning was done. The program allows not only to assess the presence of varus or valgus deformity of the limb, to determine its degree, but also other deformities of the lower legs. In the program, after assessing the deformity, we perform preoperative planning using one of the concepts: anatomical, mechanical, or kinematic. After choosing the concept and virtual correction of the limb, we prepare an individual instrument and print is with additive technology. In addition, we print joint parts of the femur and tibia, which allows the surgeon to orient himself intraoperatively. Results. Thanks to the completed work and software, it was possible to improve the results of knee arthroplasty by increasing accuracy implants installing. The developed technique of 3D-design and manufacture of an individual tool allowed us to use any of the alignment concepts with high accuracy. Preoperative planning increases the deformity understanding because surgeon himself, not the engineer, does it. Conclusions. Developed technique of three-dimensional modeling of the lower extremity makes it possible to correctly plan, manufacture and put into practice a patient specific tool for knee arthroplasty, taking into account the individual characteristics of the lower extremity.
Problem of surgical priority choice at combined pathology of lumbar spine and hip joint (literature review)
Authors: Kovernyk Oleksii , Popsuishapka Kostiantyn , Pidgaiska Olga , Fedotova Inga , Shmanko Oleksandr
Published: June 2023

Pathological processes that affect the hip joint and the lumbar spine often coexist, leading to a significant loss of quality of life. Therefore, the problem of surgical treatment of degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine with conditions of hip joint arthritis is actual. Objective. To analyze the available scientific information regarding the priority of choosing a surgical intervention under the conditions of a combined pathology of the lumbar spine and hip joint. Methods. The research material was an analysis of relevant literature in specialized sources over the past 10 years. Results. The opinion of specialists about the possibility of direct influence of instability and sagittal spine balance on the functional orientation of acetabulum and, therefore, on the risk of impingement and dislocation of the hip joint was found. Conversely, flexion contracture in the hip joint can affect the sagittal balance of the spine and cause back pain. The indication for priority surgical treatment of the spine, in addition to acute or rapidly progressive neurological deficits, is the loss of sagittal balance, in particular, lumbar lordosis with subsequent changes in the sagittal profile. When, under the conditions of the hip joint arthritis, the pelvic tilt and the lordosis of the lumbar spine increase combined with the stenosis, spinal surgery is preferred. The combination of lumbar stenosis with hip joint arthritis may be a factor in increasing the risk of neurological deficits after hip arthroplasty. However, some authors in the case of combined pathology in any case recommend performing total joint arthroplasty in the first place because of its obvious excellent results, others did not find the best variant of the sequence of intervention based on the assessment of quality of life. Conclusions. Despite the long history of the study, the practical issues of treatment of the combined pathology of the lumbar spine and hip joint, the choice of optimal treatment tactics remain debatable and require further study