bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Der längsschnittliche Zusammenhang zwischen vorschulischen Selbstregulationsfähigkeiten und akademischen Kompetenzen in der Grundschule
Authors: Rademacher Annika
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung. Die Vorhersagekraft selbstregulatorischer Fähigkeiten für die Entwicklung früher akademischer Kompetenzen wurde vielfach hervorgehoben. Allerdings bestehen häufig variierenden Definitionen von Selbstregulation, die mit verschiedenen Operationalisierungsvarianten einhergehen. Das Ziel dieses systematischen Reviews ist es, unter Berücksichtigung der verschiedenen Definitionen, eine Übersicht der Ergebnisse zur Vorhersagekraft vorschulischer Selbstregulationsfähigkeiten auf die akademischen Kompetenzen in der Grundschule zu erstellen. Eine systematische Literaturrecherche in den bibliografischen Fachdatenbanken Web of Science, PsycINFO und Psyndex ergab 1.509 Studien, von denen 22 Studien die weiteren Einschlusskriterien erfüllt haben. Trotz unterschiedlicher Erhebungsmethoden und Definitionen unterstützen die Studienergebnisse übereinstimmend die bedeutende Rolle vorschulischer Selbstregulationsfähigkeiten für die Entwicklung mathematischer Kompetenzen und Lese- und Schreibfähigkeiten in den frühen Grundschuljahren. Insbesondere kognitive Aspekte der Selbstregulation scheinen im Zusammenhang mit der Schulleistungsfähigkeit von Kindern zu stehen. Implikationen für frühe Trainingsmaßnahmen und die Übertragbarkeit der Erkenntnisse der vorwiegend internationalen Studien auf das deutsche Bildungssystem werden diskutiert.
Lithospheric Delamination Beneath the Southern Puna Plateau Resolved by Local Earthquake Tomography
Authors: Chen Jing , Kufner Sofia‐Katerina , Yuan Xiaohui , Heit Benjamin , Wu Hao , Yang Dinghui , Schurr Bernd , Kay Suzanne
Published: September 2020

We present a local earthquake tomography to illuminate the crustal and uppermost mantle structure beneath the southern Puna plateau and to test the delamination hypothesis. Vp and Vp/Vs ratios were obtained using travel time variations recorded by 75 temporary seismic stations between 2007 and 2009. In the upper crust, prominent low Vp anomalies are found beneath the main volcanic centers, indicating the presence of magma and melt beneath the southern Puna plateau. Beneath the Moho at around 90‐km depth, a strong high Vp anomaly is detected just west of the giant backarc Cerro Galan ignimbrite caldera. This high Vp anomaly is only resolved if earthquakes with an azimuthal gap up to 300° are included in the inversion. However, we show through data subset and synthetic tests that the anomaly is robust due to our specific station‐event geometry and interpret it as a delaminated block of lower crust and uppermost mantle lithosphere under the southern Puna plateau. The low velocities in the crust are interpreted as a product of the delamination event that triggered the rise of fluids and melts into the crust and induced the high topography in this part of the plateau. The tomography also reveals the existence of low‐velocity anomalies that link arc magmatism at the Ojos del Salado volcanic center with slab seismicity clusters at depths of about 100 and 150 km and support fluid transport in the mantle wedge due to dehydration reaction within the subducted slab.
A Global Analysis of Interannual Variability in Potential and Actual Tropical Cyclone Intensities
Authors: Shields Shannon , Wing Allison A. , Gilford Daniel M.
Published: September 2020

We examine the relationship between interannual variability of potential intensity (PI) and tropical cyclone (TC) actual intensity (AI) and the factors contributing to this variability across all global ocean basins. Using best‐track data and three reanalysis products from 1980–2016, we find that the Western North Pacific is the only basin that yields consistently significant correlations between AI and PI sampled along the TC tracks. In contrast to a previous study, the North Atlantic does not yield statistically significant correlations. This is because the correlation between AI and PI in the North Atlantic is sensitive to the length of the time period considered and the individual years within that time period. Both thermodynamic efficiency and air‐sea disequilibrium contribute to interannual variability in along‐track PI.
P‐Wave Reflectivity of the Crust and Upper Mantle Beneath the Southern Appalachians and Atlantic Coastal Plain Using Global Phases
Authors: Verellen Devon N. , Alberts Erik C. , Larramendi Gustavo A. , Parker E. Horry , Hawman Robert B.
Published: September 2020

Reflection profiles generated using PKPdf as a virtual source show laterally continuous reflections from structures at depths less than 1 km to roughly 200 km beneath the southern Appalachian orogen and Atlantic coastal plain. Arrivals interpreted as reflections from the Moho increase in time from ~10 s beneath the coastal plain to 17.4 s (~57 km) beneath the Blue Ridge Mountains, providing additional evidence that the southern Appalachians are in rough isostatic equilibrium. Reflections at 32–36 s (120–135 km) are consistent with the depth to the base of the lithosphere found in recent inversions of Ps arrivals and surface waves. Alternatively, these and later reflections at times up to 58 s (~224 km) may be due to layering associated with drag‐induced flow in the asthenosphere, suggesting largely horizontal rather than vertical flow for depths less than 225 km beneath the Georgia coastal plain.
Observational Evidence for Solar Wind Proton Heating by Ion‐Scale Turbulence
Authors: Zhao G. Q. , Lin Y. , Wang X. Y. , Wu D. J. , Feng H. Q. , Liu Q. , Zhao A. , Li H. B.
Published: September 2020

Based on in situ measurements by Wind spacecraft from 2005 to 2015, this letter reports for the first time a clearly scale‐dependent connection between proton temperatures and the turbulence in the solar wind. A statistical analysis of proton‐scale turbulence shows that increasing helicity magnitudes correspond to steeper magnetic energy spectra. In particular, there exists a positive power law correlation (with a slope ∼0.4) between the proton perpendicular temperature and the turbulent magnetic energy at scales
, with k being the wave number and ρp being the proton gyroradius. These findings present evidence of solar wind heating by the proton‐scale turbulence. They also provide insight and observational constraint on the physics of turbulent dissipation in the solar wind.
Seismic Analysis of the 2020 Magna, Utah, Earthquake Sequence: Evidence for a Listric Wasatch Fault
Authors: Pang Guanning , Koper Keith D. , Mesimeri Maria , Pankow Kristine L. , Baker Ben , Farrell Jamie , Holt James , Hale J. Mark , Roberson Paul , Burlacu Relu , Pechmann James C. , Whidden Katherine , Holt Monique M. , Allam Amir , DuRoss Christopher
Published: September 2020

The 18 March 2020 Mw 5.7 Magna earthquake near Salt Lake City, Utah, offers a rare glimpse into the subsurface geometry of the Wasatch fault system—one of the world's longest active normal faults and a major source of seismic hazard in northern Utah. We analyze the Magna earthquake sequence and resolve oblique‐normal slip on a shallow (30–35°) west‐dipping fault at ~9‐ to 12‐km depth. Combined with near‐surface geological observations of steep dip (~70°), our results support a curved, or listric, fault shape. High‐precision aftershock locations show the activation of multiple, low‐angle (<30–35°) structures, indicating the existence of a complicated fault system. Our observations constrain the deep structure of the Wasatch fault system and suggest that ground shaking in the Salt Lake City region in future Wasatch fault earthquakes may be higher than previously estimated.
Deep Investigations of Outer‐Rise Tsunami Characteristics Using Well‐Mapped Normal Faults Along the Japan Trench
Authors: Baba Toshitaka , Chikasada Naotaka , Nakamura Yasuyuki , Fujie Gou , Obana Koichiro , Miura Seiichi , Kodaira Shuichi
Published: September 2020

To assess the risk of tsunamis from outer‐rise earthquakes, we carried out tsunami simulations using 33 simple rectangular fault models with 60° dip angles based on marine seismic observations and surveys of the Japan Trench. The largest tsunami resulting from these models, produced by a Mw 8.7 normal‐faulting event on a fault 332 km long, had a maximum height of 27.0 m. We tested variations of the predictions due to the uncertainties in the assumed parameters. Because the actual dip angles of the Japan Trench outer‐rise faults range from 45° to 75°, we calculated tsunamis from earthquakes on fault models with 45°, 60°, and 75° dip angles. We also tested a compound fault model with 75° dip in the upper half and 45° dip in the lower half. Rake angles were varied by ±15°. We also tested models consisting of small subfaults with dimensions of about 60 km, models using other earthquake scaling laws, models with heterogeneous slips, and models incorporating dispersive tsunami effects. Predicted tsunami heights changed by 10–15% for heterogeneous slips, up to 10% for varying dip angles, about 5–10% from considering tsunami dispersion, about 2% from varying rake angles, and about 1% from using the model with small subfaults. The use of different earthquake scaling laws changed predicted tsunami heights by about 50% on average for the 33 fault models. We emphasize that the earthquake scaling law used in tsunami predictions for outer‐rise earthquakes should be chosen with great care.
Hotspots of Dense Water Cascading in the Arctic Ocean: Implications for the Pacific Water Pathways
Authors: Luneva Maria V. , Ivanov Vladimir V. , Tuzov Fedor , Aksenov Yevgeny , Harle James D. , Kelly Stephen , Holt Jason T.
Published: September 2020

We explore dense water cascading (DWC), a type of bottom‐trapped gravity current, on multidecadal time scales using a pan‐Arctic regional ocean‐ice model. DWC is particularly important in the Arctic Ocean as the main mechanism of ventilation of interior waters when open ocean convection is blocked by strong density stratification. We identify the locations where the most intense DWC events occur and evaluate the associated cross‐shelf mass, heat, and salt fluxes. We find that the modeled locations of cascading agree well with the sparse historical observations and that cascading is the dominant process responsible for cross‐shelf exchange in the boundary layers. Simulated DWC fluxes of 1.3 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3/s) in the Central Arctic are comparable to Bering Strait inflow, with associated surface and benthic Ekman fluxes of 0.85 and 0.58 Sv. With ice decline, both surface Ekman flux and DWC fluxes are increasing at a rate of 0.023 and 0.0175 Sv/year, respectively. A detailed analysis of specific cascading sites around the Beaufort Gyre and adjacent regions shows that autumn upwelling of warm and saltier Atlantic waters on the shelf and subsequent cooling and mixing of uplifted waters trigger the cascading on the West Chukchi Sea shelf break. Lagrangian particle tracking of low salinity Pacific waters originating at the surface in the Bering Strait shows that these waters are modified by brine rejection and cooling, and through subsequent mixing become dense enough to reach depths of 160–200 m.
Observed Deep Anticyclonic Cap Over Caiwei Guyot
Authors: Guo Binbin , Wang Weiqiang , Shu Yeqiang , He Gaowen , Zhang Dongsheng , Deng Xiguang , Liang Qianyong , Yang Yong , Xie Qiang , Wang Haifeng , Wang Jun
Published: September 2020

The mean circulation pattern and its mechanism over Caiwei Guyot (1,308–5,600 m) in the Northwest Pacific were studied utilizing 3 years of in situ data. A deep anticyclonic cap was found to enclose the entire guyot from its bottom up to a depth of 728 m, which is composed of a stable but highly asymmetric anticyclonic circulation at the foot and a bottom‐trapped anticyclonic circulation over the summit. On the slope, the circulation is complex with a dominant anticyclonic circulation near the bottom and a weak cyclonic circulation at ∼2,200 m. The anticyclonic cap intensity over the summit is significantly modulated by the time‐varying impinging flow. An intensified cold ring above the summit edge was observed at Caiwei Guyot, which differs from the cold domes observed over traditional conic seamounts. Further analysis suggests that the impinging flow is primarily responsible for the cap formation, and the M2 tide‐seamount interaction plays a secondary role. The anticyclonic cap may play a role in the local geological distribution.
Asymmetry of Interannual Sea Level Variability in the Western Tropical Pacific: Responses to El Niño and La Niña
Authors: Ren Qiuping , Li Yuanlong , Zheng Fei , Wang Fan , Duan Jing , Li Rui
Published: September 2020

The western tropical Pacific (WTP) exhibits pronounced large‐scale sea level anomalies (SLAs) during El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events with amplitudes of ~0.1 m, exerting potential threats to many low‐lying islands. It is found that the sea level falling in El Niño condition is evidently stronger than the rising in La Niña condition. This SLA asymmetry in the WTP associated with ENSO is investigated in this study, and the underlying dynamic processes are explored. Such asymmetry is most prominent at around 160°E with the SLA response to El Niño being three times stronger than to La Niña, but it is much inconspicuous near the western boundary. Sensitivity experiments of a simplified ocean model suggest that the different structures of surface wind anomalies between El Niño and La Niña conditions are critical in generating asymmetric SLA responses of the WTP. The El Niño's westerly wind anomaly patch locates more to the east than the La Niña's easterly wind patch during the mature stage, and its upwelling effects are accumulated over a wider longitude range and cause stronger negative SLAs in the WTP. Near the western boundary, however, upwelling effects are attenuated by easterly wind anomalies during the mature stage of El Niño. Further analysis reveals that eastern Pacific‐type El Niño events are more favorable for generating asymmetric SLAs in the WTP than the central Pacific‐type events.
Alluvial Morphodynamics of Low‐Slope Bedrock Reaches Transporting Nonuniform Bed Material
Authors: Jafarinik S. , Viparelli E.
Published: September 2020

Recent studies reveal that low‐slope bedrock reaches (bedrock surface slope milder than ~5 m/km) are more common than previously thought and can be found in engineered rivers and densely populated deltas. Here we present a novel formulation of alluvial morphodynamics of low‐slope bedrock rivers transporting nonuniform bed material that accounts for the nonuniformity of the sediment size and the presence of small scale bedforms such as dunes and can thus be of aid to solve management/restoration problems in low‐slope bedrock rivers. The formulation is implemented in a one‐dimensional morphodynamic model. Numerical results are compared with laboratory experiments on equilibrium bedrock reaches downstream of stable alluvial‐bedrock transitions. The differences between experimental and numerical results are comparable with those obtained in the alluvial case. Model applications simulate (1) bedrock reaches with a stable bedrock‐alluvial transitions, (2) an alluvial‐bedrock transition subject to sea level rise, and (3) steep bedrock reaches. Upstream of a stable bedrock‐alluvial transition the flow decelerates in the streamwise direction with the formation of a stable pattern of downstream coarsening of bed surface sediment. In response to sea level rise, alluvial‐bedrock transitions migrate downstream and bedrock‐alluvial transitions migrate upstream. Opposite migration directions are expected in the case of sea level fall. When applied to steep channels, the model predicts gradual alluviation, but it fails to reproduce runaway alluviation.
A randomized controlled trial of cystoinflation to prevent bladder injury in the adhesive disease of multiple caesarean sections
Authors: Saaqib Shazia , Iqbal Ayesha , Naheed Munazza , Saeed Tayyaba , Khalid Mohammad
Published: September 2020

Caesarean sections carry the risk of urinary bladder injury due to formation of adhesions obscuring pelvic planes. Visualizing bladder during retro-fill (cystoinflation) makes it recognizable as it rises into the abdomen taking a tense rounded contour. We conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial to find out whether improved identification of bladder margins by cystoinflation could decrease bladder injury rate and blood loss without causing urological complications. This study included 214 healthy women with previous operative deliveries undergoing elective caesarean section and found to have dense pelvic adhesions. The subjects were randomly allocated into cystoinflation and control groups. Adhesiolysis was performed using bladder retro-fill with 300 cc saline in cystoinflation group, and without retro-fill in control. The bladder injury rate was significantly lower in cystoinflation group compared to control (2.8% vs 20.6%, P < .0001) with lesser blood loss in cystoinflation group (585.33 cc vs 797.10 cc, P < .0001). Mean operative time was similar in both groups. Urinary tract infection and micturition problems occurred more frequently in control group than cystoinflation group (16.8% vs 1.9%, P = .001 and .47 ± 1.63% vs 077 ± .633%, P = .021 respectively) with fistula in one subject compared to none in cystoinflation group. In this study, cystoinflation was effective to significantly reduce bladder injury rate and blood loss. This technique may also prove useful in the fields of surgery, urology and urogynecology.
Temperature-dependent optical constants of monolayer $${\text {MoS}}_2$$, $${\text {MoSe}}_2$$, $${\text {WS}}_2$$, and $${\text {WSe}}_2$$: spectroscopic ellipsometry and first-principles calculations
Authors: Liu Hsiang-Lin , Yang Teng , Chen Jyun-Han , Chen Hsiao-Wen , Guo Huaihong , Saito Riichiro , Li Ming-Yang , Li Lain-Jong
Published: September 2020

The temperature-dependent ($$T = 4.5 \, \hbox {-} \, 500 \, \hbox {K}$$

T
=
4.5

-

500

K

) optical constants of monolayer $${\text {MoS}}_2$$

MoS
2

, $${\text {MoSe}}_2$$

MoSe
2

, $${\text {WS}}_2$$

WS
2

, and $${\text {WSe}}_2$$

WSe
2

were investigated through spectroscopic ellipsometry over the spectral range of 0.73–6.42 eV. At room temperature, the spectra of refractive index exhibited several anomalous dispersion features below 800 nm and approached a constant value of 3.5–4.0 in the near-infrared frequency range. With a decrease in temperature, the refractive indices decreased monotonically in the near-infrared region due to the temperature-dependent optical band gap. The thermo-optic coefficients at room temperature had values from $$6.1 \times 10^{-5}$$

6.1
×

10

-
5

to $$2.6 \times 10^{-4} \, \hbox {K}^{-1}$$

2.6
×

10

-
4

K

-
1

for monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides at a wavelength of 1200 nm below the optical band gap. The optical band gap increased with a decrease in temperature due to the suppression of electron–phonon interactions. On the basis of first-principles calculations, the observed optical excitations at 4.5 K were appropriately assigned. These results provide basic information for the technological development of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides-based photonic devices at various temperatures.
Effect of collagen matrix on postoperative palatal fistula in cleft palate repair
Authors: Ha Jeong Hyun , Jeong Yeonwoo , Koo Youn Taek , Jeon Sungmi , Chung Jeehyeok , Kim Sukwha
Published: September 2020

Palatal fistula is a challenging complication following cleft palate repair. We investigated the usefulness of collagen matrix in the prevention of postoperative fistula. We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients with cleft palate who underwent primary palatoplasty (Furlow’s double opposing z-plasty) in Seoul National University Children’s Hospital. Collagen Graft and Collagen Membrane (Genoss, Suwon, Republic of Korea) were selectively used in patients who failed complete two-layer closure. The effect of collagen matrix on fistula formation was evaluated according to palatal ratio (cleft width to total palatal width) and cleft width. A total of 244 patients (male, 92 and female, 152; median age, 18 months) were analyzed. The average cleft width was 7.0 mm, and the average palatal ratio was 0.21. The overall fistula rate was 3.6% (9/244). Palatal ratio (p = 0.014) and cleft width (p = 0.004) were independent factors impacting the incidence of postoperative fistula. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the cutoff values in terms of screening for developing postoperative fistula were a palatal ratio of 0.285 and a cleft width of 9.25 mm. Among nonsyndromic patients with values above those cutoffs, the rates of fistula development were 0/5, 1/6 (16.7%), and 4/22 (18.2%) for those who received Collagen Graft, Collagen Membrane, and no collagen, respectively. Collagen matrix may serve as an effective tool for the prevention of palatal fistula when complete two-layer closure fails, especially in wide palatal clefts. The benefit was most evident in Collagen Graft with thick and porous structure.
The influence of Arctic Fe and Atlantic fixed N on summertime primary production in Fram Strait, North Greenland Sea
Authors: Krisch Stephan , Browning Thomas J. , Graeve Martin , Ludwichowski Kai-Uwe , Lodeiro Pablo , Hopwood Mark J. , Roig Stéphane , Yong Jaw-Chuen , Kanzow Torsten , Achterberg Eric P.
Published: September 2020

Climate change has led to a ~ 40% reduction in summer Arctic sea-ice cover extent since the 1970s. Resultant increases in light availability may enhance phytoplankton production. Direct evidence for factors currently constraining summertime phytoplankton growth in the Arctic region is however lacking. GEOTRACES cruise GN05 conducted a Fram Strait transect from Svalbard to the NE Greenland Shelf in summer 2016, sampling for bioessential trace metals (Fe, Co, Zn, Mn) and macronutrients (N, Si, P) at ~ 79°N. Five bioassay experiments were conducted to establish phytoplankton responses to additions of Fe, N, Fe + N and volcanic dust. Ambient nutrient concentrations suggested N and Fe were deficient in surface seawater relative to typical phytoplankton requirements. A west-to-east trend in the relative deficiency of N and Fe was apparent, with N becoming more deficient towards Greenland and Fe more deficient towards Svalbard. This aligned with phytoplankton responses in bioassay experiments, which showed greatest chlorophyll-a increases in + N treatment near Greenland and + N + Fe near Svalbard. Collectively these results suggest primary N limitation of phytoplankton growth throughout the study region, with conditions potentially approaching secondary Fe limitation in the eastern Fram Strait. We suggest that the supply of Atlantic-derived N and Arctic-derived Fe exerts a strong control on summertime nutrient stoichiometry and resultant limitation patterns across the Fram Strait region.
Parvimonas micra as a putative non-invasive faecal biomarker for colorectal cancer
Authors: Löwenmark Thyra , Löfgren-Burström Anna , Zingmark Carl , Eklöf Vincy , Dahlberg Michael , Wai Sun Nyunt , Larsson Pär , Ljuslinder Ingrid , Edin Sofia , Palmqvist Richard
Published: September 2020

The use of faecal microbial markers as non-invasive biomarkers for colorectal cancer (CRC) has been suggested, but not fully elucidated. Here, we have evaluated the importance of Parvimonas micra as a potential non-invasive faecal biomarker in CRC and its relation to other microbial biomarkers. The levels of P. micra, F. nucleatum and clbA + bacteria were quantified using qPCR in faecal samples from a population-based cohort of patients undergoing colonoscopy due to symptoms from the large bowel. The study included 38 CRC patients, 128 patients with dysplasia and 63 controls. The results were validated in a second consecutive CRC cohort including faecal samples from 238 CRC patients and 94 controls. We found significantly higher levels of P. micra in faecal samples from CRC patients compared to controls. A test for P. micra could detect CRC with a specificity of 87.3% and a sensitivity of 60.5%. In addition, we found that combining P. micra with other microbial markers, could further enhance test sensitivity. Our findings support the potential use of P. micra as a non-invasive biomarker for CRC. Together with other microbial faecal markers, P. micra may identify patients with “high risk” microbial patterns, indicating increased risk and incidence of cancer.
Evaluation of reproductive performances of the common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) reared in water recirculation systems and fed different diets
Authors: Casalini Antonio , Roncarati Alessandra , Emmanuele Pietro , Guercilena Niccolò , Bonaldo Alessio , Parma Luca , Mordenti Oliviero
Published: September 2020

The reproductive performance of Octopus vulgaris broodstocks fed two different diets (mixed fish [F group, BW 1,048.14 g] or mixed crustaceans [C group, BW 998.44 g]) was analyzed using an experimental recirculating aquaculture system consisting of a tank equipped with spawning and incubation chambers. A total of 8 females (F1–4; C1–4), and 8 males (M1–M8) were selected. DI of the C group females was significantly (p < 0.05) higher (3.0 ± 0.29%) than the F group (2.16 ± 0.67%). SGR in C group was significantly higher (1.43 ± 0.12%) than the F group (1.18 ± 0.25%). Egg clusters, number of clusters, number of clusters/kg BW, and total length were more favorable in the C group than the F group. The number of clusters/kg BW of C females was 2.5 times higher than that of F females (78.1 ± 6.5 vs 31.1 ± 13.3). The total eggs number, number of eggs/cm, number of eggs/kg BW in the C group were significantly (p < 0.05) higher compared with the F group; the number of eggs/kg BW and paralarvae/kg BW were 5 times higher in the C group (115,928 ± 12,513 C vs 22,109 ± 7912 F and 114,953 ± 12,591 vs 20,729 ± 7104, respectively). Hatching rate of the C group was significantly (p < 0.05) higher compared to the F group.
Sex-related impacts on clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Park Hyun Woo , Han Seungbong , Park Gyung-Min , Ann Soe Hee , Suh Jon , Kim Yong-Giun , Lee Seung-Whan , Kim Young-Hak
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study is to investigate sex-related impacts on clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We analyzed 90,305 patients (29.0% of women) with the first episode of coronary artery disease who underwent PCI from the Korean National Health Insurance claims database between July 2013 and June 2017. Women were significantly older than men (71.5 ± 10.5 vs. 61.8 ± 11.7 years, p < 0.001). The study population had a median follow-up of 2.2 years (interquartile range, 1.2–3.3). In the propensity-score matched angina population (15,104 pairs), the in-hospital mortality of women was not different from men (odds ratio, 0.87; 95% confidence interval: 0.71–1.08, p = 0.202). However, the post-discharge mortality of women was significantly lower (hazard ratio, 0.74; 95% confidence interval: 0.69–0.80, p < 0.001) than that of men. In the propensity-score matched acute myocardial infarction (AMI) population (8,775 pairs), the in-hospital mortality of women was significantly higher than that of men (odds ratio, 1.19; 95% confidence interval: 1.05–1.34, p = 0.006). Meanwhile, there was no difference in mortality after discharge (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% confidence interval: 0.91–1.06, p = 0.605). The post-discharge mortality of women was not higher than men under the contemporary PCI treatment. Altered sex-related impacts on clinical outcomes might be attributed to improved medical and procedural strategies.
Correction: Cascade dehydrative amination of glycerol to oxazoline
Authors: Pandya R. , Mane R. , Rode C. V.
Published: September 2020

Correction for ‘Cascade dehydrative amination of glycerol to oxazoline’ by R. Pandya et al., Catal. Sci. Technol., 2018, 8, 2954–2965, DOI: 10.1039/C8CY00185E.
Inorganic–organic hybrid polyoxovanadates based on [V4O12]4− or [VO3]22− clusters: controllable synthesis, crystal structures and catalytic properties in selective oxidation of sulfides
Authors: Li Jikun , Wei Chuanping , Guo Daigaojie , Wang Congcong , Han Yinfeng , He Guofang , Zhang Jianping , Huang Xianqiang , Hu Changwen
Published: September 2020

Three inorganic–organic hybrid polyoxovanadates have been synthesized. Among them, complex [Ni2(1-vIM)7H2O][V4O12]·H2O (1) exhibits extraordinary heterogeneous catalytic performance in the selective oxidation of sulfides using H2O2 as the oxidant.
A new dual stainless steel cryogenic trap for efficient separation of krypton from argon and xenon
Authors: Péron Sandrine , Mukhopadhyay Sujoy , Huh Michael
Published: September 2020

We use a new cryogenic system and a new protocol to achieve efficient krypton separation from argon and xenon.
Graphene-based flexible all-solid-state supercapacitors
Authors: Wu Dao-Yi , Shao Jiao-Jing
Published: September 2020

This contribution provides an up-to-date overview on the development, scientific issues, prospects, and challenges of graphene-based flexible all-solid-state supercapacitors.
Copper-catalyzed borylative cyclization of γ,δ-unsaturated aromatic oxime esters to (borylmethyl)pyrrolidines
Authors: Zhang Youcan , Wu Xiao-Feng
Published: September 2020

An efficient copper-catalyzed aminoborylation of γ,δ-unsaturated aromatic oxime esters with bis(pinacolato)diboron has been developed. A variety of α-(borylmethyl)pyrrolidine derivatives were constructed in high yields under mild conditions.
Visible light-driven selective carbon–carbon bond formation for the production of vicinal diols
Authors: Bai Peng , Tong Xinli , Gao Yiqi , Xue Song
Published: September 2020

A green and sustainable production of vicinal diols via the photocatalytic radical coupling of benzylic alcohols has been developed under visible light irradiation.
Contact network changes in ordered and disordered disk packings
Authors: Tuckman Philip J. , VanderWerf Kyle , Yuan Ye , Zhang Shiyun , Zhang Jerry , Shattuck Mark D. , O’Hern Corey S.
Published: September 2020

There are two ways to transition between different contact networks, point and jump changes, as shown in a packing fraction-strain landscape.
Dielectric lens with stacked cone‐shaped cavity for broadside radiation enhancement of circularly polarised patch antenna
Authors: Liu Hongmei , Mu Chen , Yan Tuanyuan , Fang Shaojun , Wang Guofeng , Wang Zhongbao
Published: September 2020

A dielectric lens is proposed here to broaden the half‐power beamwidth (HPBW) of conventional circularly polarised (CP) patch antenna. The lens printed by the 3D technique is constructed by a dielectric cylinder with a stacked cone‐shaped cavity. To illustrate the working principle, the energy distribution of the electromagnetic wave refracted by the lens is analysed. Besides, the design procedures of the lens are introduced in detail. The applicability of lens is also discussed including the changing of permittivity and dimensions. For verification, prototypes of the designed CP antenna with the lens are fabricated and measured. The performances of the CP antenna without lens are also provided for comparison. The measurements show that by using the proposed lens, the HPBW of the CP patch antenna is extended effectively from 69° to 170° while maintaining a wide 3‐dB axial ratio beamwidth of >200°.
20 GHz self‐oscillating parametric optical frequency comb generator using an electroabsorption modulated laser based dual‐loop optoelectronic oscillator
Authors: Cheng Yumin , Yan Juanjuan
Published: September 2020

In this work, a self‐oscillating parametric optical frequency comb generator is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. It consists of an electroabsorption modulated laser (EML) based dual‐loop optoelectronic oscillation loop and a parametric frequency mixer. In the experiments, a 20 GHz radio‐frequency signal is produced to drive the EML. The output pulses from the EML are amplified to work as pump seeds for the frequency mixer. In the mixer, a length of high non‐linear fibre (HNLF) is firstly used to introduce chirps to the pump pulses, a section of single mode fibre is then employed for pulse compression, and finally another HNLF is applied for parametric frequency mixing. When the pump power is 28 dBm, a nine‐line comb with a frequency spacing of 20 GHz and an optical signal‐to‐noise ratio >15 dB is generated. More comb lines can be obtained when another frequency mixer is cascaded.
Impact of COVID-19 on Cardio-obstetric Risk Indicators: Future Directions
Authors: Goyal Prerna , Chhabra Shibba Takkar
Published: September 2020

Cardiovascular illness is one the foremost causes of death in females. The goal of preventive medicine is to identify and target high-risk females belonging to the younger age group in order to prevent future onset of cardiovascular pathologies. Certain obstetric complications like idiopathic preterm birth, preeclampsia (PE), gestational diabetes and abruptio placentae mark their presence in the checklist of risk indicators for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among the female population. Previous severe acute respiratory syndrome-1 (SARS-1) infections recorded a significant impact on maternal and fetal outcomes. In this article, we aim to focus on the incidence of cardiovascular risk indicators with the incessant novel Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic in pregnant women and to provide recommendations for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in infected females. As the disease is novel and gradually unfolding to clinicians globally, the data and the publications are also evolving. Studies on COVID-19 in pregnancy has shown an increase in the number of preterm births, and PE with some reports on vertical transmission, but no significant increase in miscarriage, still births and teratogenicity. Preterm births appear more likely to be iatrogenic rather than idiopathic, owing to severity of infection or maternal/fetal safety. Causal association of virus with PE needs further analysis by large population studies, as both have common overlapping clinical and laboratory parameters. Direct placental involvement by virus leading on to PE or infection itself simulating PE needs further explication. Assessment of placental function, histopathological examination, and measurement of antiangiogenic factors are some of the suggested measures to differentiate further. Peripartum cardiomyopathy in COVID-19 positive pregnant females has not yet been actively explored, particularly in cases of clinical deterioration. Practical utilization of handheld point-of-care echocardiography machines stand in need for diagnosing myocardial dysfunction in this pandemic. COVID-19 infection and pregnancy together may impart a greater thromboembolism risk due to their inherent hypercoagulable states. All pregnant females with COVID-19 infection are candidates for VTE prophylaxis, both antepartum and postpartum depending on the severity of illness.
Recommendations for Gynecological Endoscopic Surgery during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kakollu Amrutha , Hari Anupama
Published: September 2020

The presence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to overwhelm health-care systems with numerous concerns around the safety of patients as well as health-care professionals. It is essential to allow for judicious use of resources and emphasize allotting maximum staff and resources to care for the affected. To this end, most centers are choosing to defer elective procedures and perform only emergency surgeries. The safety of all theater staff is of utmost importance, and the risks of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral transmission should be curbed when operating. In particular, there are concerns relating to the transmission of COVID-19 during gynecological laparoscopic surgery, arising from the possible generation of contaminated aerosols from gas leakage and the creation of smoke from the use of electrosurgical devices. The aim of this paper is to review the evidence available as of today for recommendations to follow while performing gynecological procedures.
Review of Recommendations for Gynecology Practice during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kakollu Amrutha , Hari Anupama
Published: September 2020

The impact of COVID-19 on healthcare is enormous. It is essential that we prioritize treating patients and reserving our resources for better care of patients affected with COVID-19. The well-being of the healthcare professionals is of utmost importance as well. Treating gynecological patients during this time is challenging as individualizing treatment without compromising safety and minimizing risk is of utmost importance. In this article, we have aimed to write a consensus to guide the treatment of gynecological patient, based on the limited evidence available as of today.
Dermatological Manifestations of COVID-19: A Brief Review
Authors: Kaur Harsimran
Published: September 2020

The emphasis so far during the COVID-19 pandemic has been on the respiratory manifestations with little attention being paid to cutaneous manifestations. The novel coronavirus has a wide spectrum of cutaneous manifestations which are broadly divided into exanthematous and vasculopathic type of lesions. The effects of this novel virus on the integumentary system cannot be underestimated as it can mimic various types of viral skin lesions. Thus, dermatologists should have knowledge about COVID-19 disease presentations and which differential diagnosis to consider if they encounter skin lesions in a patient who is known or suspected to have COVID-19. Patient evaluation and workup also needs to be modified during the time of this pandemic. Immunosuppressive/immunomodulatory drugs which are rampantly used in dermatological practice, must be used only after weighing their risks and benefits during the COVID-19 era. Personal Protective Equipment has to be worn when coming in contact with a suspected or a proven case of COVID-19. However, its use itself is associated with dermatological side effects which should be known to dermatologist practising during the COVID-19 era. Teledermatology can go a long way in circumventing these issues and it should be made more accessible, especially in remote areas. Another future recommendation could be setting up of a national level organization or group for recording dermatological data related to COVID-19.
Contact resistance in organic transistors: Use it or remove it
Authors: Kim Chang-Hyun
Published: September 2020

The contact resistance of organic field-effect transistors is revisited to address its fundamental origin, parametric interplays, and technological implications. In a time when flexible electronics powered by an organic circuit comes close to the market, the revelation of wide-spread carrier mobility overestimation has astonished the broad scientific community, as this may contradict some of the most significant developments made to date. Since the contact resistance was pointed out as the major reason behind the issue, the research into reducing or eliminating this resistance has become more intense and justified than ever. However, there have been other revelations that suggest the benefits of contact resistance in certain structures and applications. Therefore, it seems timely to fairly judge the true meaning and consequences of the contact resistance, and to provide a comprehensive view covering both its positive and negative aspects, which constitutes the main motivation of this article. To maximize the depth of discussion, several important backgrounds for contact effects will be recapitulated before tackling selected practical problems of contact resistance, and before clarifying when it should actually be minimized and when it could otherwise serve as a useful element.
Broadband terahertz transmissive quarter-wave metasurface
Authors: You Xiaolong , Ako Rajour T. , Lee Wendy S. L. , Bhaskaran Madhu , Sriram Sharath , Fumeaux Christophe , Withayachumnankul Withawat
Published: September 2020

Polarization conversion devices are key components in spectroscopy and wireless communications systems. Conventional terahertz waveplates made of natural birefringent materials typically suffer from low efficiency, narrow bandwidth, and substantial thickness. To overcome the limitations associated with conventional waveplates, a terahertz quarter-wave metasurface with enhanced efficiency and wide bandwidth is proposed. The transmissive quarter-wave metasurface is rigorously designed based on an extended semi-analytical approach employing network analysis and genetic algorithm. Simulation results suggest that the design can achieve linear-to-circular polarization conversion with a 3-dB axial ratio relative bandwidth of 53.3%, spanning 205 GHz–354 GHz. The measurement results confirm that the proposed design enables a 3-dB axial ratio from 205 GHz to at least 340 GHz with a total efficiency beyond 70.2%, where the upper frequency bound is limited by the available experimental facility. This quarter-wave metasurface can cover an entire terahertz electronics band and can be scaled to cover other nearby bands under the same convention, which are technologically significant for future portable systems.
Comparisons of national standards in the field of gas flow rate and volume, gas flow rates from 20 to 6500 m3/h
Authors: Mingaleev A V , Yakovlev A B , Mickan B , Bardonov A I , Serediuk D , Stankevicius A , Busuladz̆ić I
Published: September 2020

The supplementary international comparison of national gas flow standards COOMET.M.FF-S9 was carried out from May 2019 to January 2020. The comparison were made in the range of gas flow from 20 to 6500 m3/h. Six European National Metrological Institutes (VNIIM-VNIIR, PTB, IFSM, BelGIM, LEI and LABSAGAS) took part in the comparison. The VNIIM-VNIIR acted as a pilot laboratory. The participants used for comparison the reference test rigs, implemented mainly on the basis of reference critical nozzles or reference flow meters. The transportable comparison standards (rotary and turbine flow meters) were used for the comparison procedure and in sequence were sent to the participants for testing. According to the results of the comparison, all participants confirmed their calibration and measuring capabilities in the declared flow ranges.

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To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Novel high efficiency deterministic polishing method using magnetorheological elastomer
Authors: Chen Yuchuan , Huang Wen , Zhang Yunfei , Li Kailong , Fan Wei , Zheng Yongcheng , Qi Song , Yu Miao
Published: September 2020

Magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) is a kind of intelligent material with excellent magnetic-induced rheological features. It has been widely applied in fields like vibration control, soft robots, smart sensing, electromagnetic shielding, etc. In theory, MREs have flexible and controllable rheological properties, which make it possible to become a high efficient deterministic polishing medium as that of magnetorheological fluids. In this paper, a novel polishing method using MRE material as the deterministic polishing tool is proposed. This method utilizes the magnetorheological effect of MRE to generate stronger instantaneous shear force which has advantages over that of traditional magnetorheological fluid finishing. First, a new MRE material suitable for magnetorheological principle finishing is prepared, and the mechanical properties of MRE are characterized. In order to make sure that the polishing fluid can run into the polishing zone and improve the polished surface quality, special pattern and micro structures are well designed and engineered on the MRE surface. Compression and wear property are investigated to understand the nature of this novel tool. Then, a mathematic model considering the contribution weights of shear stress and normal pressure of MRE polishing is established and discussed. Finally, polishing experiments are carried out on an optical glass, and a stable removal function is obtained. Results demonstrate that this novel MRE polishing can achieve high efficiency and determinability in optical manufacturing, which proves the feasibility of the novel polishing method using MRE tool.
Effects of C and La on the Tensile Property and Hot Working Characteristics of CoCrFeMnNi High-Entropy Alloy
Authors: Li Anmin , Huang Zhuofang , Xu Hao , Wei Shanjun
Published: September 2020

CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy series were cast by magnetic suspension vacuum melting furnace. They were forged at 1160°C and annealed at different temperatures. Gleeble3800 thermal deformation simulation testing machine was used to conduct thermal compression simulation to research the hot workability of the alloy. The results show that the microstructures of these alloys are made up of solid solution with face-centered-cubic structure and white granular precipitate M23C6. The addition of C and La increases the elongation of CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy forged without annealing by 1.32 times. Annealing deteriorates the tensile properties of these alloys. The constitutive equation and thermal processing diagram of the alloy are established according to the results of thermal simulation. The addition of C and La reduces the flow stress of CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy, but significantly reduces the instability region of thermoplastic deformation. The optimized thermal process parameters are as following: ①CoCrFeMnNi, when the range of the deformation temperature and the strain rate are respectively 900~1040°C and 0.01~0.025s−1, the optimum deformation temperature is 1040~1100°C, and the strain rate is in the range of 0.013~0.033s−1; ②CoCrFeMnNiC0.007La0.0004, when the range of the deformation temperature and the strain rate are respectively 1000~1080°C and 0.31~1s−1, the optimum deformation temperature is 1080~1100°C, and the strain rate is 0.01~0.025s−1.
Novel Liquid Semiconductor Shield for Photovoltaic Modules: Application at Liquid State
Authors: M.E. Emetere , T.J. Abodunrin , C.O. Iroham
Published: September 2020

Inefficiency of the polymeric material of the photovoltaic (PV) module to shield the solar cell from UV radiation has made the maintenance cost of solar energy generation high. The results from the usage of colour plastic cellophanes as PV shield are not promising. In this study, a novel solid-state bio-filter (SSB) was synthesized using silver nitrate salt and hibiscus flower extract. The results show that the novel SSB material mitigates UV radiation via two processes i.e. reflection of UV radiation and processing of the remaining UV radiation into peaks. It was also observed that the SSB has three absorption levels and a bandgap of 3.194 eV. It is recommended that further study be carried-out to estimate the portion of UV radiation that has been reflected.
Extraction Process Optimization of Fucoidan from Dealginated Kelp Waste
Authors: Wang Le , Fan Jiahui , Guo Siya , Zhang Zongyi , Wang Yongchang , Guo Lei
Published: September 2020

In order to optimize the extraction process of fucoidan from dealginated kelp waste. On the basis of single-factor experiments, Box-Behnken design was evaluated to study different variables of pH, extraction temperature and extraction time on fucoidan yield. By solving the regression equations and analyzing 3-D plots, the optimum conditions were at pH4.9, liquid/material ratio of 20:1 mL/g, extraction temperature of 73°C, and extraction time of 4 h. Under these conditions, the fucoidan yield of dealginated Kelp waste was 1.63 ± 0.07%, which were in good agreement with the predicted values. It is the first report of fucoidan extraction from dealginated kelp waste and the results provides a basis for further purification and application of fucoidan.