bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Raul Brandão: miserabilismo social, miserabilismo cósmico e transcendência pela linguagem poética
Authors: Guaranha Manoel Francisco , Gomes Álvaro Cardoso , Campos Alzira Lobo de Arruda
Published: May 2021

Este artigo põe em perspectiva o romance de Raul Brandão (1867-1930), Os Pobres (1906), destacando a posição especial que esse autor ocupou no período complexo em que produziu, quando o engajamento realista, o desencanto decadentista e o anti-materialismo simbolista entrecruzaram-se. Para tanto, este trabalho tece considerações sobre o contexto histórico de Portugal; o conceito de pobreza, tema constante do autor; analisa como o miserabilismo social transfigura-se em miserabilismo cósmico; e também destaca a perspectiva apontada por meio de personagens-chave que se levantam da vala comum dos pobres: a ressignificação da linguagem como instrumento simbólico capaz de transcender as limitações impostas pelo contexto.
O sensacionalista: uma mídia pelo método confuso
Authors: Vale Rony Petterson Gomes do , Barros Camila Cardoso
Published: May 2021

O presente artigo investiga o website Sensacionalista, a partir de um corpus composto por dez manchetes, e suas relações interdiscursivas por meio dos pressupostos da Teoria Semiolinguística de Patrick Charaudeau, focalizada no Discurso Midiático (CHARAUDEAU, 2006a) e no Discurso Humorístico, a partir de Vale (2013). O portal Sensacionalista apoia-se em suporte on-line e apresenta características de tradicionais mídias on-line, abordando conteúdos atuais. Julgando a pertinência social do tema, uma mídia que perpassa o uso do humor, na presente conjuntura sociopolítica brasileira e mundial, realizou-se, a partir de revisão de literatura da Teoria Semiolinguística e dos pressupostos de Vale (2013), a descrição e análise sociodiscursiva do corpus, considerando a possível relação de interdiscursividade entre os Discursos Midiático e Humorístico. Os resultados indicam o predomínio da visada de fazer-rir, tornando o Sensacionalista é um representante do Discurso Humorístico.
A literatura de autoria feminina revisitada em pesquisa minuciosa e necessária: a argúcia analítica de Eurídice Figueiredo
Authors: Lima Bruno
Published: May 2021

A presente resenha apresenta o livro Por uma crítica feminista: leituras transversais de escritoras brasileiras, de Eurídice Figueiredo. O livro é fruto de uma extensa pesquisa que visa a dar visibilidade a autoras brasileiras sempre à margem do cânone e que oferecem narrativas que descortinam questões próprias às mulheres narradas sob seu ponto de vista e vivência. Desse modo, mais que oferecer ao leitor um repertório literário até entao ignorado, coloca em xeque a formação do cânone, escrito e formado por homens e para homens.
As mutações do conto: das formas simples às narrativas autorais
Authors: Dos Reis Murilo Eduardo
Published: May 2021

O tema do artigo são as mutações sofridas pelo conto, das formas simples às narrativas autorais. O objetivo é verificar como essa tipologia narrativa foi alterada com o intuito de atender exigências oriundas do desenvolvimento da imprensa no século XIX, perdendo seu status de relato sagrado e culminando em duas importantes poéticas concebidas por Edgar Allan Poe e Julio Cortázar. Assim, o percurso metodológico se vale de ensaios que tratam de aspectos da narrativa e de características gerais do conto. Além dos autores já mencionados, utilizaremos as proposições de estudiosos como Viktor Chklóvski (2011), Vladimir Propp (2011), Charles Kiefer (2011) e Fábio Lucas (1983). Ao final, espera-se identificar como o espaço limitado de publicações periódicas influenciou contistas na utilização de recursos expressivos que buscam efeitos catárticos.
Crenças e atitudes linguísticas de paraenses e cearenses no Pará
Authors: Queirós Ferreira Jany Éric , Aguilera Vanderci De Andrade
Published: May 2021

Este trabalho tem como objetivo divulgar e discutir parte dos resultados da tese de Ferreira (2019), intitulada Crenças e atitudes linguísticas de paraenses e cearenses na região nordeste do Pará: um estudo sobre o abaixamento das vogais médias pretônicas, no que tange às atitudes linguísticas manifestadas por falantes de cinco localidades paraenses. A análise fundamenta-se nos princípios da Dialetologia Pluridimensional (THUN, 1998), da Sociolinguística laboviana (Labov, [1972] 2008), de Crenças e Atitudes (LAMBERT E LAMBERT, 1972; MORENO FERNÁNDEZ, 1998; BOTASSINI, 2015, FREITAG et al, 2019), entre outros. Trata-se de um trabalho resultante de pesquisa de campo que investigou tanto falantes nativos da localidade (topoestáticos) como aqueles procedentes do Estado do Ceará (topodinâmicos). De um corpus constituído pelas respostas de quarenta informantes, foram considerados para análise os dados de três questões referentes às crenças e atitudes dos falantes sobre a própria variedade de fala e sobre a fala do outro. Os resultados apontaram poucas diferenças nas atitudes de ambos os grupos, não indicando evidentes marcas de preconceito ou de desprestígio em relação à fala local.
Infância, educação e precariedade em Jane Eyre, Agnes Grey e Wuthering Heights
Authors: Menezes Ana Cristina Faria
Published: May 2021

Este artigo propõe investigar as diferentes infâncias figuradas nas obras Agnes Grey (1847), de Anne Brontë (1820-1849), Jane Eyre (1847), de Charlotte Brontë e Wuthering Heights (1847), de Emily Brontë (1818-1848). Dado que as irmãs de Haworth viram de perto as opressões trazidas pela Revolução Industrial e, antes disso, as complicações da agricultura capitalista (EAGLETON, 2005a; WILLIAMS, 2011), os entrelaçamentos entre o contexto histórico no qual viveram e a criação ficcional de suas personagens infantis contribui para uma percepção mais refinada das respectivas precariedades (BUTLER, 2019) em jogo. Proponho, assim, que o ato de narrar tais infâncias, marcando-as materialmente quanto às suas distintas precariedades (BUTLER, 2019) expõe um sistema que precisa explorar os vulneráveis para que possa crescer.
O ENTRE-LUGAR DO NARRADOR E DO TEMPO EM A HISTÓRIA DA SUA VIDA E A CHEGADA – UMA ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA
Authors: Barros Victoria , Crivano Alice , Lima Cardoso Marinês
Published: May 2021

A partir de uma metodologia comparativa entre o conto A história da sua vida e sua versão cinematográfica, A chegada, o objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar como os elementos narrativos, narrador e tempo, funcionam em cada um dos gêneros em questão. A análise contempla, à luz da teoria, exemplos e recursos utilizados, levando em conta aspectos referentes à tradução intersemiótica. Após o estudo, foram evidenciadas as técnicas empregadas para criar/manter os mesmos efeitos de sentido e o suscitado engajamento do leitor/espectador e destacados pontos divergentes e convergentes entre as duas versões.
Walmir Ayala: a história, a crítica e o ofício das letras
Authors: Paz Filho Luís Alberto dos Santos
Published: May 2021

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma apresentação da contribuição intelectual de Walmir Ayala sobre dois aspectos: o primeiro diz respeito à própria produção do autor enquanto escritor; o segundo, mostra a realização de Ayala como crítico e historiador das artes nacionais. Assim, a partir de críticas acadêmicas e jornalísticas, além de consulta em histórias da literatura, busca-se mostrar a importância do autor para o cenário intelectual do país como um embaixador das artes.
Polissemia do verbo “partir” sob a perspectiva da teoria sentido-texto
Authors: De Jesus Lílian Thais
Published: May 2021

A polissemia e a homonímia são fenômenos que, apesar de sua importância e abundância nas línguas naturais, não são tratadas, nos dicionários gerais de língua portuguesa, a partir de metodologias linguísticas definidas. Este trabalho objetiva oferecer uma possibilidade de tratamento do verbo partir, através das Funções Lexicais do Modelo Sentido-Texto, a fim de se poder evidenciar acepções relacionadas do verbo, portanto polissêmicas, e acepções não relacionadas, logo, homônimas. Como método de análise formalizou-se, justamente, acepções do verbo partir em Funções Lexicais do Modelo Sentido-Texto. O resultado da aplicação das Funções Lexicais ao verbo evidenciou a possibilidade de se poder considerar tal verbo não apenas como um verbo polissêmico, mas considerar a possibilidade de duas unidades lexicais, dois verbos homônimos que possuem por sua vez, dentro de si, sua polissemia.
O gozo do proibido: mulheres em Musa Praguejadora
Authors: Horta Patricia
Published: May 2021

A obra Musa Praguejadora (2014), de Ana Miranda, constitui material interessante para análise do hibridismo típico do gênero biográfico, à luz das práticas da literatura contemporânea. Identificada como biografia de Gregório de Matos e Guerra, Musa Praguejadora reconstitui o arco de existência do poeta seiscentista e o ambiente da Bahia colonial, por meio de costura original de minuciosa pesquisa histórica com releitura de poemas do biografado. Mas Musa Praguejadora é também uma reflexão sobre a condição das mulheres no século XVII, no Brasil e em Portugal. Neste trabalho, demonstra-se como Ana Miranda mobiliza recursos literários para construir uma imagem de mulheres que não apenas se submetiam à opressão patriarcal, mas também criavam espaços de resistência e realização.
Give warmth and comfort
Authors: Caswell Jo
Published: May 2021

Jo Caswell sets out the importance of understanding and addressing children's emotional needs as part of every day best practice. It is important to recognise that in the light of Covid some new approaches may be needed to ensure all children feel safe, secure and happy.
Exciting times
Authors: Francis Emily
Published: May 2021

Lessness Heath Primary School now has the opportunity to move ahead with its global curriculum, focusing on ‘future thinking and innovation’ as its theme for the summer term. Children will also be enjoying the outdoors and building their writing skills says Emily Francis.
REVIEWS
Authors: Hewson Claire , Faux Karen
Published: May 2021

Karen Hart provides this month's round up of professional titles which examine nurturing children's creative spirit, supporting pupil well-being and removing barriers to academic success.
All that jazz
Authors: Hart Karen
Published: May 2021

Karen Hart meets Yolanda Brown, a chart topping saxophonist and broadcaster who is best known to pre-schoolers as the saxophone playing presenter of CBeebie's, ‘YolanDa's Band Jam’.
Fighting for recognition
Authors: Tanuku Purnima
Published: May 2021

The sector plays a vital role in economic recovery. Investment must be seriously addressed to support children's well-being, ensure they are given the best future life chances and address the sustainability of early years settings as businesses.
An overlooked sector
Authors: Porter Rose
Published: May 2021

A year of uncertainty puts the childminding sector at risk more than ever before. The support that childminders provide for children's emotional well-being as well as complex needs is too valuable to lose.
Hedgehog SOS
Authors: Harries Judith
Published: May 2021

In the past decade more than half of rural hedgehogs and a third of those in towns and cities have become extinct. Judith Harries provides ideas for educating children to ensure that these spiky friends survive.
About dummies
Authors: Rawstrone Annette
Published: May 2021

Annette Rawstrone provides a practical guide to weighing up the pros and cons of using a dummy, including how to wean your child off their dummy when they reach six months.
Water works
Authors: Clarke Jenni
Published: May 2021

Playing with water is fun and encourages fine and gross motor skills. Add large resources such as pipes, guttering and hoses to support children's dexterity and confidence as they explore, and think about, the nature of water.
Collaborative spectrum sensing for cognitive visible light communications
Authors: Jiang Zile , You Xiaodi , Xiong Chaoran , Shen Gangxiang , Mukherjee Biswanath
Published: May 2021

Cognitive visible light communication (VLC) has attracted increasing attention. By sharing underutilized VLC spectrum resources of primary users (PUs) with secondary users (SUs) opportunistically, improved spectrum utilization can be achieved without interfering with PUs. As an essential component in cognitive VLC, reliable spectrum sensing is crucial to ensure accurate cognition of PU’s signal. However, due to limiting factors such as low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and link blocking in VLC systems, it would be difficult for a single SU to identify the status of PUs accurately and rapidly. To tackle this issue, we propose a new collaborative sensing (CS) scheme which can enhance sensing accuracy effectively by coordinating multiple SUs to participate in spectrum sensing. To evaluate the performance of the proposed CS scheme, we first develop an analytical model for the scenario of a single SU, subject to various factors such as indoor reflections and signal sampling size. Next, based on the single-SU evaluation, we further analyze the performance of the CS scheme by extending the single-SU analytical models to the multi-SU scenario. It is found that the analytical models can accurately predict the performance of the proposed CS scheme and match the results obtained by simulations. Moreover, the proposed CS scheme is effective in improving the sensing accuracy by about 40% and 10% compared with the local-sensing and the conventional CS schemes, respectively.
Terahertz image super-resolution based on a complex convolutional neural network
Authors: Wang Ying , Qi Feng , Wang Jinkuan
Published: May 2021

Terahertz (THz) imaging has been applied successfully in numerous applications, from medical imaging to industrial non-destructive detection. However, low resolution has always been a problem due to its long wavelength. A convolution neural network (CNN) is quite effective at improving the resolution of images in optics, in which real numbers are manipulated corresponding to measured intensity. Compared to optics, it is quite feasible to gain both the amplitude and phase information in THz imaging. In this Letter, we have extended the CNN from a real number domain to a complex number domain based on the wave nature of THz light. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that such a complex convolution neural network (CCNN) has been shown to be successful in THz imaging. We have proved that resolution can be 0.4 times of the beam size via this approach, and half a wavelength resolution can be obtained easily. Compared to the CNN, the CCNN generates an extra 27.8% increase in terms of contrast, implying a better image. Phase information can be recovered well, which is impossible for the CNN. Although the network is trained by the MNIST dataset, it is quite powerful for image reconstruction. Again, the CCNN outperforms the CNN in terms of generalization capability. We believe such an approach can help to overcome the lower-resolution bottleneck in THz imaging, and it can release the requirement of critical optical components and extensive fine-tuning in systems. THz biomedical imaging, non-destructive testing (NDT), and a lot of imaging applications can benefit from this approach.
Watt-level superfluorescent fiber source near 3  µm
Authors: Yang Lingling , Wu Jiadong , Li Ning , Duan Qinwen , Liu Dongyang , Miao Lili , Zhao Chujun
Published: May 2021

We report a watt-level mid-infrared (mid-IR) superfluorescent fiber source from

E
r

3
+

-doped ZBLAN fiber near 3 µm spectral range. With the power amplifier configuration, the mid-IR superfluorescent fiber source with power up to 1.85 W has been delivered successfully with slope efficiency about 18.6%. The experimental results may pave an avenue toward a high-power, high-temporal-stability superfluorescent source for versatile mid-IR applications.
Effects of subclinical depression on prefrontal–striatal model-based and model-free learning
Authors: Heo Suyeon , Sung Yoondo , Lee Sang Wan
Published: May 2021

Depression is characterized by deficits in the reinforcement learning (RL) process. Although many computational and neural studies have extended our knowledge of the impact of depression on RL, most focus on habitual control (model-free RL), yielding a relatively poor understanding of goal-directed control (model-based RL) and arbitration control to find a balance between the two. We investigated the effects of subclinical depression on model-based and model-free learning in the prefrontal–striatal circuitry. First, we found that subclinical depression is associated with the attenuated state and reward prediction error representation in the insula and caudate. Critically, we found that it accompanies the disrupted arbitration control between model-based and model-free learning in the predominantly inferior lateral prefrontal cortex and frontopolar cortex. We also found that depression undermines the ability to exploit viable options, called exploitation sensitivity. These findings characterize how subclinical depression influences different levels of the decision-making hierarchy, advancing previous conflicting views that depression simply influences either habitual or goal-directed control. Our study creates possibilities for various clinical applications, such as early diagnosis and behavioral therapy design.
Circulating neprilysin hypothesis: A new opportunity for sacubitril/valsartan in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction?
Authors: Lupón Josep , Santiago-Vacas Evelyn , Cediel Germán , Codina Pau , Domingo Mar , Revuelta-López Elena , Zamora Elisabet , Spitaleri Giosafat , Santesmases Javier , Núñez Julio , Bayes-Genis Antoni
Published: May 2021

Background

Circulating Neprilysin (sNEP) has emerged as a potential prognostic biomarker in heart failure (HF). In PARAGON-HF benefit of sacubitril/valsartan was only observed in patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤57%. We aimed to assess the prognostic value of sNEP in outpatients with HF and LVEF >57%, in comparison with patients with LVEF ≤57%.

Methods

Consecutive HF outpatients were included from May-2006 to February-2016. The primary endpoint was the composite of all-cause death or HF hospitalization and the main secondary endpoint was the composite of cardiovascular death or HF hospitalization. For the later competing risk methods were used.

Results

sNEP was measured in 1428 patients (age 67.7±12.7, 70.3% men, LVEF 35.8% ±14), 144 of which had a LVEF >57%. sNEP levels did not significantly differ between LVEF groups (p = 0.31). During a mean follow-up of 6±3.9 years, the primary endpoint occurred in 979 patients and the secondary composite endpoint in 714 (in 111 and 84 of the 144 patients with LVEF >57%, respectively). sNEP was significantly associated with both composite endpoints. Age- and sex- adjusted Cox regression analyses showed higher hazard ratios for sNEP in patients with LVEF >57%, both for the primary (HR 1.37 [1.16–1.61] vs. 1.04 [0.97–1.11]) and the secondary (HR 1.38 [1.21–1.55] vs. 1.11 [1.04–1.18]) composite endpoints.

Conclusions

sNEP prognostic value in patients with HF and LVEF >57% outperforms that observed in patients with lower LVEF. Precision medicine using sNEP may identify HF patients with preserved LVEF that may benefit from treatment with sacubitril/valsartan.
Is concentration an indirect link between social anxiety and educational achievement in adolescents?
Authors: Leigh Eleanor , Chiu Kenny , Clark David M.
Published: May 2021

Social anxiety is associated with reduced educational achievement. Given that concentration is a predictor of educational achievement, and social anxiety symptoms are associated with reduced concentration in class, this prospective study examined the possibility that social anxiety may impair educational achievement through reduced classroom concentration. A sample of 509 participants (53.8% female;Mage: 12.77 years [SD= 0.81]) recruited from secondary schools completed questionnaires assessing social anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and concentration in class. Educational achievement was assessed by internal grades within schools. An indirect effect of social anxiety on later educational achievement via concentration was observed, over and above baseline achievement and depression symptoms; adolescents with higher levels of social anxiety tend to have more difficulties concentrating in class, which in turn is associated with poorer academic outcomes. Findings underscore the challenges socially anxious adolescents will face trying to learn in school, and the need for education providers and clinicians to consider the effect of social anxiety symptoms on concentration and learning.
Family-centered music therapy—Empowering premature infants and their primary caregivers through music: Results of a pilot study
Authors: Menke Barbara M. , Hass Joachim , Diener Carsten , Pöschl Johannes
Published: May 2021

Background

In Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) premature infants are exposed to various acoustic, environmental and emotional stressors which have a negative impact on their development and the mental health of their parents. Family-centred music therapy bears the potential to positively influence these stressors. The few existing studies indicate that interactive live-improvised music therapy interventions both reduce parental stress factors and support preterm infants’ development.

Methods

The present randomized controlled longitudinal study (RCT) with very low and extremely low birth weight infants (born <30+0 weeks of gestation) and their parents analyzed the influence of music therapy on both the physiological development of premature infants and parental stress factors. In addition, possible interrelations between infant development and parental stress were explored. 65 parent-infant-pairs were enrolled in the study. The treatment group received music therapy twice a week from the 21st day of life till discharge from hospital. The control group received treatment as usual.

Results

Compared to the control group, infants in the treatment group showed a 11.1 days shortening of caffeine therapy, 12.1 days shortening of nasogastric/ orogastric tube feed and 15.5 days shortening of hospitalization, on average. While these differences were not statistically significant, a factor-analytical compound measure of all three therapy durations was. From pre-to-post-intervention, parents showed a significant reduction in stress factors. However, there were no differences between control and treatment group. A regression analysis showed links between parental stress factors and physiological development of the infants.

Conclusion

This pilot study suggests that a live-improvised interactive music therapy intervention for extremely and very preterm infants and their parents may have a beneficial effect on the therapy duration needed for premature infants before discharge from hospital is possible. The study identified components of the original physiological variables of the infants as appropriate endpoints and suggested a slight change in study design to capture possible effects of music therapy on infants’ development as well. Further studies should assess both short-term and long-term effects on premature infants as well as on maternal and paternal health outcomes, to determine whether a family-centered music therapy, actually experienced as an added value to developmental care, should be part of routine care at the NICU.
Training and illness characteristics of cross-country skiers transitioning from junior to senior level
Authors: Karlsson Øyvind , Laaksonen Marko S. , McGawley Kerry
Published: May 2021

Objective

This study aimed to describe the endurance training and incidence of illnesses reported by a group of well-trained cross-country (XC) skiers throughout their transition from junior to senior level.

Methods

Changes in self-reported training and performance, from 31 well-trained XC skiers, were analyzed from the start of the season they turned 16 y until the end of the season they turned 22 y, using linear mixed-effects models. Differences in the incidence of self-reported illness episodes were analyzed using incidence rate ratios, and the relationships between self-reported illness and training volumes were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models in a sub-group of 23 of the skiers.

Results

In total, 145 seasons of training data (including 85,846 h of endurance training) and 109 person-years of illness data (including 380 self-reported illness episodes) were analyzed. The athletes progressively increased their annual endurance training volume from age 16 to 22 y in a linear fashion, from ~ 470 to 730 h. Low- and high-intensity training volumes increased by 51.4 ± 2.4 h·y-1 (p < .001) and 4.9 ± 0.6 h·y-1 (p < .001), respectively. Sport-specific and non-specific training increased by 50.0 ± 2.2 h·y-1 (p < .001) and 4.6 ± 2.0 h·y-1 (p < .001), respectively. The athletes reported a median (range) of 3 (0–8) illness episodes and 17 (0–80) days of illness per year, and there was an inverse relationship between self-reported illness days and annual training volume (-0.046 ± 0.013 d·h-1; p < .001).

Conclusions

This group of well-trained XC skiers increased their endurance training volume in a linear fashion by ~ 55 h annually. This was primarily achieved through an increase in low-intensity and sport-specific training. Furthermore, higher training volumes were associated with a lower number of self-reported illness days.
Comparison of bacterial and archaeal communities in two fertilizer doses and soil compartments under continuous cultivation system of garlic
Authors: Zhou Jing , Kong Yong , Zhao Wangfeng , Wei Guangshan , Wang Qingfeng , Ma Longchuan , Wang Taotao , Shu Fengyue , Sha Weilai
Published: May 2021

Soil microbial communities are affected by interactions between agricultural management (e.g., fertilizer) and soil compartment, but few studies have considered combinations of these factors. We compared the microbial abundance, diversity and community structure in two fertilizer dose (high vs. low NPK) and soil compartment (rhizosphere vs. bulk soils) under 6-year fertilization regimes in a continuous garlic cropping system in China. The soil contents of NO3– and available K were significantly higher in bulk soil in the high-NPK. The 16S rRNA gene-based bacterial and archaeal abundances were positively affected by both the fertilizer dose and soil compartment, and were higher in the high-NPK fertilization and rhizosphere samples. High-NPK fertilization increased the Shannon index and decreased bacterial and archaeal richness, whereas the evenness was marginally positively affected by both the fertilizer dose and soil compartment. Soil compartment exerted a greater effect on the bacterial and archaeal community structure than did the fertilization dose, as demonstrated by both the nonmetric multidimensional scaling and redundancy analysis results. We found that rhizosphere effects significantly distinguished 12 dominant classes of bacterial and archaeal communities, whereas the fertilizer dose significantly identified four dominant classes. In particular, a Linear Effect Size analysis showed that some taxa, including Alphaproteobacteria, Rhizobiales, Xanthomonadaceae and Flavobacterium, were enriched in the garlic rhizosphere of the high-NPK fertilizer samples. Overall, the fertilizer dose interacted with soil compartment to shape the bacterial and archaeal community composition, abundance, and biodiversity in the garlic rhizosphere. These results provide an important basis for further understanding adaptive garlic-microbe feedback, reframing roots as a significant moderating influence in agricultural management and shaping the microbial community.
Multitask feature learning approach for knowledge graph enhanced recommendations with RippleNet
Authors: Wang YueQun , Dong LiYan , Li YongLi , Zhang Hao
Published: May 2021

Introducing a knowledge graph into a recommender system as auxiliary information can effectively solve the sparse and cold start problems existing in traditional recommender systems. In recent years, many researchers have performed related work. A recommender system with knowledge graph embedding learning characteristics can be combined with a recommender system of the following three forms: one-by-one learning, joint learning, and alternating learning. For current knowledge graph embedding, a deep learning framework only has one embedding mode, which fails to excavate the potential information from the knowledge graph thoroughly. To solve this problem, this paper proposes the Ripp-MKR model, a multitask feature learning approach for knowledge graph enhanced recommendations with RippleNet, which combines joint learning and alternating learning of knowledge graphs and recommender systems. Ripp-MKR is a deep end-to-end framework that utilizes a knowledge graph embedding task to assist recommendation tasks. Similar to the MKR model, in the Ripp-MKR model, two tasks are associated with cross and compress units, which automatically share latent features and learn the high-order interactions among items in recommender systems and entities in the knowledge graph. Additionally, the model borrows ideas from RippleNet and combines the knowledge graph with the historical interaction record of a user’s historically clicked items to represent the user’s characteristics. Through extensive experiments on real-world datasets, we demonstrate that Ripp-MKR achieves substantial gains over state-of-the-art baselines in movie, book, and music recommendations.
An end-to-end sea fog removal network using multiple scattering model
Authors: An Shunmin , Huang Xixia , Zheng Zhangjing , Wang Linling
Published: May 2021

An end-to-end sea fog removal network using multiple scattering model was proposed. In this network, the atmospheric multiple scattering model was re-formulated and used for sea fog removal. Compared with the atmospheric single scattering model, the atmospheric multiple scattering model could more comprehensively consider the effect of multiple scattering, which was important to the dense fog scenes, such as in ocean scene. Therefore, we used the atmospheric multiple scattering model to avoid image blurring. The model can directly generate the dehazing results, and unify the three parameters of the transmission map, the atmospheric light and the blur kernel into one formula. The latest smooth dilation and sub-pixel techniques were used in the network model. The latest techniques can avoid the gridding artifacts and the halo artifacts, the multi-scale sub-network was used to consider the features of multi-scale. In addition, multiple loss functions were used in end-to-end network. In the experimental results, the model was superior to the state-of-the-art models in terms of quantitatively and qualitatively.
Compounds from plantar foot sweat, nesting material, and urine show strain patterns associated with agonistic and affiliative behaviors in group housed male mice, Mus musculus
Authors: Barabas Amanda J. , Soini Helena A. , Novotny Milos V. , Williams David R. , Desmond Jacob A. , Lucas Jeffrey R. , Erasmus Marisa A. , Cheng Heng-Wei , Gaskill Brianna N.
Published: May 2021

Excessive home cage aggression often results in severe injury and subsequent premature euthanasia of male laboratory mice. Aggression can be reduced by transferring used nesting material during cage cleaning, which is thought to contain aggression appeasing odors from the plantar sweat glands. However, neither the composition of plantar sweat nor the deposits on used nesting material have been evaluated. The aims of this study were to (1) identify and quantify volatile compounds deposited in the nest site and (2) determine if nest and sweat compounds correlate with social behavior. Home cage aggression and affiliative behavior were evaluated in 3 strains: SJL, C57BL/6N, and A/J. Individual social rank was assessed via the tube test, because ranking may influence compound levels. Sweat and urine from the dominant and subordinate mouse in each cage, plus cage level nest samples were analyzed for volatile compound content using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Behavior data and odors from the nest, sweat, and urine were statistically analyzed with separate principal component analyses (PCA). Significant components, from each sample analysis, and strain were run in mixed models to test if odors were associated with behavior. Aggressive and affiliative behaviors were primarily impacted by strain. However, compound PCs were also impacted by strain, showing that strain accounts for any relationship between odors and behavior. C57BL/6N cages displayed the most allo-grooming behavior and had high scores on sweat PC1. SJL cages displayed the most aggression, with high scores on urine PC2 and low scores on nest PC1. These data show that certain compounds in nesting material, urine, and sweat display strain specific patterns which match strain specific behavior patterns. These results provide preliminary information about the connection between home cage compounds and behavior. Salient compounds will be candidates for future controlled studies to determine their direct effect on mouse social behavior.
Measurement properties of pain scoring instruments in farm animals: A systematic review protocol using the COSMIN checklist
Authors: Tomacheuski Rubia Mitalli , Monteiro Beatriz Paglerani , Evangelista Marina Cayetano , Luna Stelio Pacca Loureiro , Steagall Paulo Vinícius
Published: May 2021

Society has been increasingly concerned about the impact of pain on farm animal welfare. This systematic review aims to provide evidence relating to the measurement properties (i.e. reliability, validity, and sensitivity) of pain scoring instruments used for pain assessment in farm animals. A literature search will be performed using five databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CAB abstracts and Biological Abstracts) and search terms related to pain, pain scales and different species of farm animals. Eligibility criteria will include full-text studies on the development and/or validation of acute and chronic pain scoring instruments for farm animals including bovine (beef and dairy), ovine, caprine, camel, swine and poultry. Exclusion criteria will include studies that report the use of pain scales for the validation of another instrument, or those reporting ethograms/list of behaviors potentially indicating pain without a scoring system. Study titles and their abstracts will be screened for eligibility by one investigator. Full-text articles will be independently reviewed for eligibility and evaluated by two investigators. Relevant information will be recorded and evaluated systematically according to the Consensus‐based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist using an adapted data collection sheet. The following measurement properties and characteristics of the instruments will be assessed: content validity (internal consistency, structural and cross-cultural validity), reliability, measurement error, criterion and construct validity, responsiveness, interpretability and feasibility. Following the assessment of methodological quality and quality of the findings, evidence for each measurement property will be summarized into high, moderate, low or very low. This systematic review will provide further insights into the evidence-based measurement properties of pain scoring instruments in farm animals. It may identify possible gaps of knowledge with these tools as a potential target for future studies in farm animals with a positive impact on animal welfare.
Towards precision apiculture: Traditional and technological insect monitoring methods in strawberry and raspberry crop polytunnels tell different pollination stories
Authors: Howard Scarlett R. , Nisal Ratnayake Malika , Dyer Adrian G. , Garcia Jair E. , Dorin Alan
Published: May 2021

Over one third of crops are animal pollinated, with insects being the largest group. In some crops, including strawberries, fruit yield, weight, quality, aesthetics and shelf life increase with insect pollination. Many crops are protected from extreme weather in polytunnels, but the impacts of polytunnels on insects are poorly understood. Polytunnels could reduce pollination services, especially if insects have access issues. Here we examine the distribution and activity of honeybees and non-honeybee wild insects on a commercial fruit farm. We evaluated whether insect distributions are impacted by flower type (strawberry; raspberry; weed), or distance from polytunnel edges. We compared passive pan-trapping and active quadrat observations to establish their suitability for monitoring insect distribution and behaviour on a farm. To understand the relative value of honeybees compared to other insects for strawberry pollination, the primary crop at the site, we enhanced our observations with video data analysed using insect tracking software to document the time spent by insects on flowers. The results show honeybees strongly prefer raspberry and weed flowers over strawberry flowers and that location within the polytunnel impacts insect distributions. Consistent with recent studies, we also show that pan-traps are ineffective to sample honeybee numbers. While the pan-traps and quadrat observations tend to suggest that investment in managed honeybees for strawberry pollination might be ineffective due to consistent low numbers within the crop, the camera data provides contrary evidence. Although honeybees were relatively scarce among strawberry crops, camera data shows they spent more time visiting flowers than other insects. Our results demonstrate that a commercial fruit farm is a complex ecosystem influencing pollinator diversity and abundance through a range of factors. We show that monitoring methods may differ in their valuation of relative contributions of insects to crop pollination.
The prevalence of mental health problems in sub-Saharan adolescents: A systematic review
Authors: Jörns-Presentati Astrid , Napp Ann-Kathrin , Dessauvagie Anja S. , Stein Dan J. , Jonker Deborah , Breet Elsie , Charles Weslin , Swart Renier L. , Lahti Mari , Suliman Sharain , Jansen Ronelle , van den Heuvel Leigh L. , Seedat Soraya , Groen Gunter
Published: May 2021

Background and purpose

Most research regarding child and adolescent mental health prevention and promotion in low-and middle-income countries is undertaken in high-income countries. This systematic review set out to synthesise findings from epidemiological studies, published between 2008 and 2020, documenting the prevalence of mental health problems in adolescents from across sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods

A systematic search of multiple databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus) and Google Scholar was conducted guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Reviewer’s manual for systematic reviews of observational epidemiological studies. Studies included reported prevalence outcomes for adolescents aged 10–19 using either clinical interviews or standardized questionnaires to assess psychopathology. Clinical samples were excluded.

Results

The search yielded 1 549 records of which 316 studies were assessed for eligibility and 51 met the inclusion criteria. We present a qualitative synthesis of 37 of these 51 included articles. The other 14 studies reporting prevalence rates for adolescents living with HIV are published elsewhere. The prevalence of depression, anxiety disorders, emotional and behavioural difficulties, posttraumatic stress and suicidal behaviour in the general adolescent population and selected at-risk groups in 16 sub-Saharan countries (with a total population of 97 616 adolescents) are reported.
Investigation of visual and physical factors associated with inadequate instillation of eyedrops among patients with glaucoma
Authors: Kashiwagi Kenji , Matsuda Yuji , Ito Yuka , Kawate Hisami , Sakamoto Masako , Obi Shinji , Haro Hirotaka
Published: May 2021

Purpose

The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of eyedrop instillation failure and its related physical and visual function factors among glaucoma patients who used hypotensive eyedrops daily.

Subjects and methods

Patients with a history of self-instillation of one or more ocular hypotensive ophthalmic solutions for six or more months were enrolled. Definitions of instillation failure were eyedrop instillation other than on the eye surface; eyedrop contact with eyelashes; eyedrop bottle tip contact with the eyelashes, eye surface or ocular adnexa; or two or more drops instilled with one instillation trial. To clarify factors related to instillation failure, we used visual function tests and investigated cervical spine extension angles during instillation, pinching strength, physical ataxia (evaluated using the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia), motor dysfunction of the upper limbs (evaluated using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire), and vision quality (evaluated using the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire 25).

Results

Of 103 total subjects, 61.2% satisfied the definition of instillation failure. Instillation of the eyedrop other than at the cul-desac (76.2%) was the most frequent reason for failure, followed by contact of the tip of the eyedrop bottle (22.2%) and instillation of the same or more than two eyedrops in a single attempt (11.1%). Advanced age, a shallow cervical spine extension angle, weak pinching strength, poor motor dysfunction of the upper limbs, the degree of ataxia, poor best-corrected visual acuity, and visual field scores were significant risk factors for instillation failure. Vision quality may have some relation to instillation failure.

Conclusion

It is highly recommended that instillation failure be routinely investigated even among patients with adequate experience using eyedrops and that correct therapies are chosen in a patient-based fashion.
Characterization of geographic mobility among participants in facility- and community-based tuberculosis case finding in urban Uganda
Authors: Robsky Katherine O. , Isooba David , Nakasolya Olga , Mukiibi James , Nalutaaya Annet , Kitonsa Peter J. , Kamoga Caleb , Baik Yeonsoo , Kendall Emily A. , Katamba Achilles , Dowdy David W.
Published: May 2021

Background

International and internal migration are recognized risk factors for tuberculosis (TB). Geographic mobility, including travel for work, education, or personal reasons, may also play a role in TB transmission, but this relationship is poorly defined. We aimed to define geographic mobility among participants in facility- and community-based TB case finding in Kampala, Uganda, and to assess associations between mobility, access to care, and TB disease.

Methods

We included consecutive individuals age ≥15 years diagnosed with TB disease through either routine health facility practices or community-based case finding (consisting of door-to-door testing, venue-based screening, and contact investigation). Each case was matched with one (for community-based enrollment) or two (health facility enrollment) TB-negative controls. We conducted a latent class analysis (LCA) of eight self-reported characteristics to identify and define mobility; we selected the best-fit model using Bayesian Information Criterion. We assessed associations between mobility and TB case status using multivariable conditional logistic regression.

Results

We enrolled 267 cases and 432 controls. Cases were more likely than controls to have been born in Kampala (p<0.001); there was no difference between cases and controls for remaining mobility characteristics. We selected a two-class LCA model; the “mobile” class was perfectly correlated with a single variable: travel (>3 km) from residence ≥2 times per month. Mobility was associated with a 28% reduction in odds of being a TB case (adjusted matched odds ratio 0.72 [95% confidence interval 0.49, 1.06]).

Conclusion

Frequency of out-of-neighborhood travel is an easily measured variable that correlates closely with predicted mobility class membership. Mobility was associated with decreased risk of TB disease; this may be in part due to the higher socioeconomic status of mobile individuals in this population. However, more research is needed to improve assessment of mobility and understand how mobility affects disease risk and transmission.
EEG microstate features for schizophrenia classification
Authors: Kim Kyungwon , Duc Nguyen Thanh , Choi Min , Lee Boreom
Published: May 2021

Electroencephalography (EEG) microstate analysis is a method wherein spontaneous EEG activity is segmented at sub-second levels to analyze quasi-stable states. In particular, four archetype microstates and their features are known to reflect changes in brain state in neuropsychiatric diseases. However, previous studies have only reported differences in each microstate feature and have not determined whether microstate features are suitable for schizophrenia classification. Therefore, it is necessary to validate microstate features for schizophrenia classification. Nineteen microstate features, including duration, occurrence, and coverage as well as thirty-one conventional EEG features, including statistical, frequency, and temporal characteristics were obtained from resting-state EEG recordings of 14 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and from 14 healthy (control) subjects. Machine-learning based multivariate analysis was used to evaluate classification performance. EEG recordings of patients and controls showed different microstate features. More importantly, when differentiating among patients and controls, EEG microstate features outperformed conventional EEG ones. The performance of the microstate features exceeded that of conventional EEG, even after optimization using recursive feature elimination. EEG microstate features applied with conventional EEG features also showed better classification performance than conventional EEG features alone. The current study is the first to validate the use of microstate features to discriminate schizophrenia, suggesting that EEG microstate features are useful for schizophrenia classification.
Being treated fairly in groups is important, but not sufficient: The role of distinctive treatment in groups, and its implications for mental health
Authors: Begeny Christopher T. , Huo Yuen J. , Smith Heather J. , Ryan Michelle K.
Published: May 2021

Organizations and other groups often recognize the importance of members treating each other in a fair (dignified, unbiased) manner. This type of treatment is key to fostering individuals’ sense of belonging in the group. However, while a sense of belonging is important, individuals also need to be shown that they have some distinct value to the group–enabling them to not only “fit in” but also “stand out.” Building from research on fair treatment, we explicate another form,distinctive treatment, whereby others show interest and appreciation for an individual’s more distinguishing, group-relevant qualities. In six studies using multiple methods (e.g., experimental, longitudinal) and in multiple types of groups (work organizations, student communities, racial/ethnic minority groups), we show that fair and distinctive treatment play fundamentally different roles–shaping individuals’ perceived belonging versus intragroup standing, respectively–and with downstream benefits for mental health (less anxiety, fewer depressive symptoms). Overall, this illustrates that promoting fair treatment in groups is important, but not sufficient. Experiencing distinctive treatment is also key. Each type of treatment provides unique social evaluative information that fosters a healthy sense of self. This research further indicates that distinctive treatment may be a vital yet overlooked element to promoting diversity and inclusion in groups, as it provides a path for recognizing and appreciating, and thus encouraging, a diversity of ideas, insights, knowledge and skills that individuals bring to the group.