bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creation of the World Council of Churches (WCC) and its first assembly in Amsterdam
Authors: Письменюк Илья
Published: September 2021

Статья посвящена созданию крупнейшей межхристианской и экуменической организации XX в. - Всемирного Совета Церквей (ВСЦ). В статье автор повествует о процессе постепенной институализации экуменического движения: объединении экуменических инициатив по направлениям деятельности и причинах, побудивших к итоговой централизации экуменизма под эгидой единого органа. Особое внимание уделяется разработке конституции и административного устройства ВСЦ, а также его первой Генеральной Ассамблее в Амстердаме, лёгшей в основу объединения в рядах ВСЦ как различных экуменических инициатив, так и множества христианских конфессий.

The article by Ilya Nikolaevich Pismenyuk, lecturer in the Department of Church History, is devoted to the creation of the largest inter-Christian and ecumenical organization of the 20th century. - The World Council of Churches (WCC). In the article the author describes the process of the gradual institutionalization of the ecumenical movement: the unification of ecumenical initiatives in their activities and the reasons that prompted the final centralization of ecumenism under a unified body. Special attention is given to the development of the constitution and administrative structure of the WCC and its first General Assembly in Amsterdam, which formed the basis for the unification of various ecumenical initiatives as well as many Christian denominations within the WCC.
St. Philaret of Moscow in the writings of MDA students of the late 19th and early 20th centuries
Authors: Кривоногов Сергей Сергеевич
Published: September 2021

В статье представлен материал по студенческим сочинениям МДА конца XIX - начала XX века, посвящённым святителю Филарету Московскому. До сих пор эта тема остаётся малоизученной; в то же время к ней наблюдается повышенный интерес. Кратко рассмотрена статистика по студенческим работам: их количество, объём и качество работ, успешность их защиты, а также биографии и научные интересы научных руководителей и рецензентов. Отмечаются особо значимые факты защит работ, которые, по отзывам, имели большое количество недостатков, но были успешно защищены на хорошие оценки. Также иногда научными руководителями были не специалисты в данной области, научная деятельность которых была связана с другой специализацией. Все работы, конечно, представляют определённый научный интерес.

This article presents material on MDA students' essays on St. Philaret of Moscow in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. To date, this topic has been little studied; at the same time, there has been increased interest in it. A brief review of statistics on students' submissions is given, including their number, volume and quality, and the success of their defence, as well as the biographies and research interests of the authors and reviewers. Particularly noteworthy are the facts of the defence of works, which, according to reviews, had a large number of deficiencies, but were successfully defended with good marks. Also, sometimes the supervisors were not specialists in the field, and their scientific activity was related to another specialisation. All the papers are, of course, of a certain scientific interest.
The bonds of the Royal Passion-Bearers of Yekaterinburg
Authors: Муренец Костантин Александрович
Published: September 2021

В статье описывается период заключения царской семьи в Екатеринбурге в Доме особого назначения с 30 апреля по 17 июля 1918 года. Рассмотрены условия жизни царской семьи в Доме особого назначения по воспоминаниям современников, находившихся рядом с Государем и его семьёй. Также по имеющимся документам, которые хранятся в архивах, следует отметить следующее: условия содержания царской семьи в Доме особого назначения действительно являлись тюремными. Царственным узникам воспрещалось с кем-либо общаться. Прогулки со временем сократили. Окна были замазаны краской, и тем самым создавался полумрак в помещениях дома. В жаркие дни лета долгое время не разрешалось открывать форточку для проветривания помещения, и вследствие этого стояла невыносимая духота в комнатах, где находились узники. Отношение солдат было грубым. В конце пребывания царской семьи в Доме особого назначения поменяли коменданта Авдеева на Юровского, так как Авдеев больше не устраивал руководство из центра. Именно комендант Юровский и его команда совершили убийство царской семьи в июле 1918 года.

The article describes the period of imprisonment of the Tsar's family in Ekaterinburg in the House of Special Purpose from April 30 to July 17, 1918. The conditions of the Tsar's family's life in the Special Purpose House according to the memories of contemporaries who were close to the Tsar and his family have been considered. Also from the available documents, which are stored in archives, the following should be noted: the living conditions of the royal family in the house of special designation were indeed prison conditions. The tsar's prisoners were forbidden to communicate with anyone. Walks were reduced over time. The windows were covered with paint, thereby creating penumbra in the rooms of the house. On hot summer days the windows were not opened for a long time in order to ventilate the rooms and as a result it was unbearably stuffy in the rooms where the prisoners were kept. The attitude of the soldiers was rude. At the end of the Tsar's family's stay in the house of special purpose changed commandant Avdeev for Jurowski, as Avdeev no longer suited the leadership of the centre. It was Commandant Yurovsky and his team who committed the murder of the Tsarist family in July 1918.
The Problem of Religious Tolerance in the "Feedback of Diocesan Bishops on the Question of Church Reform" (1905-1906)
Authors: Спицын Сергий
Published: September 2021

Статья посвящена обсуждению положения Русской Православной Церкви в 1905 году в связи с вопросом введения веротерпимости. Поводом стал манифест «Об укреплении начал веротерпимости». Закон предоставил свободу всем вероисповеданиям, но никак не коснулся положения Православия. Всё это вызвало массовые дискуссии в церковном обществе, в которых особое место занимала проблема веротерпимости. Отражением обсуждений этого вопроса стали «Отзывы епархиальных архиереев по церковной реформе». В них высшее духовенство давало оценку положению Православной Церкви в условиях нового манифеста. Одни считали закон положительным явлением для церковной жизни, другие, опровергая это мнение, критиковали закон. Несмотря на разногласие во мнениях, все архиереи были сторонниками преобразований с целью активизации деятельности Православной Церкви.

The article is devoted to a discussion of the situation of the Russian Orthodox Church in 1905 in connection with the question of the introduction of religious tolerance. The occasion was the manifesto "On Strengthening the Principles of Religious Tolerance". The law gave freedom to all faiths, but did not affect the position of Orthodoxy. All this gave rise to mass discussions in church society in which the problem of religious toleration had a special place. A reflection of the debates on this question was the Review of the Diocesan Hierarchs on Church Reform. In these, the higher clergy gave their assessment of the position of the Orthodox Church in the face of the new manifesto. Some regarded the law as a positive phenomenon for Church life, while others, refuting this view, voiced their criticism of the law. Despite the differences of opinion, all the bishops were in favour of change, in order to revitalise the activities of the Orthodox Church.
The Revolution and the Revolutionaries: A View of the Conservative Publicists of the Church Periodicals of 1905-1907
Authors: Липовецкий Павел Евгеньевич
Published: September 2021

В статье раскрывается отношение православных публицистов консервативного направления к событиям Первой русской революции 1905-1907 гг. Анализ понятийного аппарата авторов позволил выявить два важнейших понятия, служивших для выражения отношения к революции: «смута» и «враги». Смута по своей сути отождествлялась авторами материалов с периодом начала XVII в. Вместе с нестабильностью как чертой времени в их глазах важной чертой была и необходимость защищать Родину от угрожавших ей «врагов». В определение последних публицисты вкладывали целый набор черт - от внешнего вида и манеры поведения до оценки их духовного состояния. Вместе с тем «враги» в статьях разделялись на внешних и внутренних в зависимости от происхождения и методов борьбы.

The article studies the attitude of orthodox publicists of conservative direction to the events of the first Russian revolution of 1905-1907. The analysis of the authors' conceptual apparatus reveals the two most important concepts used to express their attitude to the revolution: "distemper" and "enemies". The authors of the material identified Troubles in its essence with the time of the beginning of the 17th century. Along with instability as a feature of the times, an important feature in their eyes was the need to defend the homeland from the "enemies" who threatened it. Publicists defined the latter by a whole set of traits ranging from physical appearance and mannerisms to an assessment of their spiritual state. At the same time, the "enemies" in the articles were divided into external and internal, depending on their origins and methods of struggle.
Peculiarities of correspondence in the camps of the USSR in the 1920s and 30s
Authors: Баталов Кирилл Александрович
Published: September 2021

Настоящая статья посвящена особенностям переписки в среде заключённых в концентрационных лагерях СССР в период 1920-30-х годов на примере Соловецкого лагеря особого назначения. Описана доставка официальной почты и неофициальные способы коммуникаций, распространённые в среде узников лагеря, в условиях информационной изоляции, искусственно организованной советской властью. Соловецкий лагерь особого назначения выбран как первый масштабный объект концентрации заключённых в годы гонений и даёт наглядное представление об оформлении почтовых отправлений и работе самой лагерной почты. Раскрыта роль духовенства, сосредоточенного в Соловецком лагере в обороте писем и посылок. Сравниваются особенности переписки в царское и советское время.

This article describes the specifics of correspondence among prisoners in Soviet concentration camps in the 1920s and 1930s, using the Solovetsky Special Purpose Camp as an example. The authors focus on the delivery of official mail and unofficial methods of communication which were common among the camp inmates, under the conditions of informational isolation which was artificially created by the Soviet regime. Solovetsky Special Camp is chosen as the first large-scale concentration facility for prisoners during the persecution years and provides a vivid insight into the design of postal items and the workings of the camp mail itself. The role of the clergy in the Solovetsky Camp in the circulation of letters and parcels is described. Comparisons are made between tsarist and Soviet era correspondence.
On the methodology of teaching church history
Authors: Первушин Михаил Викторович
Published: September 2021

Статья посвящена вопросам методологии, встающим перед современными исследователями в области гуманитарного знания, в частности проблемам междисциплинарных связей в церковно-исторической науке и опасности редукционизма. Процесс широкой дифференциации научных дисциплин неразрывно связан с образованием в XIX веке. Такое положение обеспечило бурное развитие науки. Примером служат исторические дисциплины Московского университета. Целый ряд учёных историков высказывался за широкое взаимодействие наук при изучении истории. Задачей исторической науки стало избежать редукционизма, уйти от обособленного, узко понимаемого исторического исследования, практиковать его многонаправленность, то есть интегральность. Освободиться истории от однонаправленности помогает филология. Историк, осмысливающий природу социальной информации, которую он воспринимает через исторический источник (как правило, текст), и, с другой стороны, литературовед, исследующий природу информации, воспринимаемой посредством того же текста, выходят за пределы узкопрофессиональных исследовательских целей и задач, и сближение их исследовательских подходов представляется весьма перспективным. Теории и методология, заимствованные из литературоведения, оказали существенное влияние на современное состояние исторического знания. Чем более широким кругом компетенций будет обладать специалист, тем более качественные исследования он сможет осуществлять в рамках конкретной научной области.

The article is devoted to methodological issues facing contemporary researchers in the field of humanities, in particular the problems of interdisciplinary links in church-historical scholarship and the dangers of reductionism. The process of wide differentiation of scientific disciplines is inseparably connected with education in XIX century. This situation ensured a rapid development of science. The historical disciplines of Moscow University serve as an example. A number of historians advocated a broad interaction of the sciences in the study of history. The task of historical science was to avoid reductionism, to move away from isolated, narrowly understood historical research, to practice its multidirectionality, i.e. integrality. Philology helps history to free itself from one-sidedness. The historian, who comprehends the nature of social information, which he perceives through a historical source (usually a text), and, on the other hand, the literary scholar, who studies the nature of information perceived through the same text, go beyond narrow professional research goals and objectives, and the convergence of their research approaches seems very promising. The theories and methodology borrowed from literary studies have had a significant impact on the current state of historical knowledge. The broader the range of competences a professional possesses, the better research he/she will be able to carry out within a particular scientific field.
National and foreign experience in investment support of the innovation process
Authors: Slavyanov Andrey
Published: September 2021

The proposed article examines the domestic and foreign experience of supporting the innovation process in attracting private, public and foreign investments. The historical experience of the USSR in the implementation of strategic innovative projects has been studied, which has shown that special conditions for budget financing of implementing organizations, as well as strong ties between enterprises, contribute to achieving the goals, although they lead to resources’ overspending. Administrative and policy-making approaches have also been used in the practice of South-East Asian countries in order to concentrate financial resources to achieve strategic goals. Attention is paid to the US experience in bridging the gap between basic research and the practical application of their results through the mechanism of venture financing of innovative companies. Universities play a special role in the innovation process in the United States, which are the basis for the formation of innovation clusters. At the same time, the experience of creating techno-parks in modern Russia has shown that it has not yet been possible to significantly influence the innovative activity of private business. The experiences of China and the countries of Eastern Europe show that foreign investments have a positive impact on innovative development in the conditions of high investment attractiveness and the political will of the state to defend its sovereignty. At the moment, Russia cannot count on foreign capital to build a national strategy for innovative development. The domestic and foreign experience of interaction between the defense civil sectors of the economy is considered. Based on our analysis, we have prepared recommendations for improving approaches to supporting the innovation process in Russia, taking into account the current state of the external environment.
V. O. NILENDER IN THE «NEO-PUSHKINIAN» POETIC CIRCLE
Authors:   European University at St. Petersburg, Glukhovskaia Elena Aleksandrovna
Published: September 2021

The article reconstructs the early period of Vladimir Nilender’s literary career, considering mainly his unpublished letters to Boris Sadovskoy written in 1905–1911. Along with the discussion of Nilender’s poetical concepts, the author examines the ties between Nilender and his fellow poets Sadovskoy, Sergei Solov’ev and the less known Yurii Sidorov, who associated themselves with a «neo-Pushkinian» poetical tradition.
AN ADDITIONAL HISTORICAL AND LITERARY COMMENTARY TO THE LAST YEAR OF IGOR SEVERJANIN’S LIFE
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Rozhdestvenskaya Milena Vsevolodovna
Published: September 2021

The report features the letters of «the King of Poets» Igor Severjanin (written in 1941) and his wife Vera Korendi (written in 1956) to the poet Vsevolod Rozhdestvenskij, sent from Estonia to Leningrad and stored in his archive. They highlight certain circumstances from the last year of Igor Severjanin’s life.
IMAGES OF CHINA IN THE CREATIVE MIND OF G. R. DERZHAVIN AND A. S. PUSHKIN
Authors:   Zhejiang University, Lu Zhou , Liusyi Aleksandr Pavlovich ,   GITR Film and Television School
Published: September 2021

The article reveals the genesis and structure of the «Chinese Text» of Russian literature in the 18th–19th centuries. Its subsequent evolution is shown — how, stepping into the parks, Catherine’s Chinese became more consistent and philosophical. For encyclopedic educators, Chinese philosophy came to be perceived as one of the ideals of thought. At the same time, the image of China in Russia began to be used both in critical literature and in ideological struggle. The spread of the Chinese style in popular culture became the basis of glamour. The Chinese topic in the correspondence of Catherine II and Voltaire is interpreted as «mutual enlightenment», which is partially replicated in the further interactions of the Empress and Derzhavin in their efforts to resolve the Chinese border problems. The formation of Pushkin as a poet took place in the conventional Tsarskoye Selo China. His subsequent in-depth involvement in the topic is associated with the emergence of realistic trends in his work and with his interest in history, which made it possible to anticipate future events and topics in this direction.
LETTERS OF I. A. GONCHAROV IN THE EPISTOLARY AND LITERARY CONTEXT
Authors:   Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinskij Dom), Russian Academy of Sciences, Filippova Elena Mikhailovna
Published: September 2021

The epistolary of I. A. Goncharov has not yet been reliably compared with the letters of his predecessors. Meanwhile, the search for the typological parallels in the epistolary and literary context of the era is instrumental for outlining the connections between the novelist’s letters and a whole range of artistic traditions of salon correspondence, romantic mystifi cation and familiar letter as a literary genre.
THE METAPHYSICAL QUEST OF ANDRZEJ STASIUK
Authors:   Pomeranian University in Słupsk (Poland), Sucharski Tadeusz
Published: September 2021

The foreword to the essay by the contemporary Polish writer Andrzej Stasiuk describes the main milestones of his career, examines the special features of the poetics of his works, outlines his attitude to the Russian culture and the place of his essay on Dostoevsky in the context of the author’s metaphysical quest.
«…THIS PIECE WAS WRITTEN IN ALL BUT ONE SITTING, FAIR-COPY…»: THE CREATIVE HISTORY OF L. N. ANDREEV’S SHORT STORY IN THE BASEMENT
Authors:   Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinskij Dom), Russian Academy of Sciences, Bystrov Viacheslav Nikolaevich
Published: September 2021

This article examines the creative history of L. N. Andreev’s story In the Basement. An unpublished original draft is presented. The differences between this text and the main one are outlined. A special emphasis is laid on the substantial changes in plot, structure, semantics (in particular, the motif of a sudden fl eeting enlightenment and the unity of the fallen people), as well as on the altered ending of the story. The author’s screenplay based on the story is briefly described.
The Colosseum in the film «Roman Holiday» (1953)
Authors:   Dragomanov National Pedagogical University, Kyiv, Ukrainе, Turchynova Ganna , Pet’ko Lyudmila , Grigoruk Valeria
Published: September 2021

This article is dedicated to the Colosseum and a classic movie filmed in Rome "Roman Holiday” (1953, USA). It was the first Hollywood film to be filmed and processed entirely in Italy. The great thing about Rome is that not much changes in the historic city centre. The story is about princess Ann (played by Audrey Hepburn) who comes to Rome and slips out one evening from the Embassy, and an American journalist (Gregory Peck). Joe takes Ann around Rome for a "Grand Day Out" and we have loads of views of Rome, both the famous monuments and the streets, squares, and bridges. So when Audrey Hepburn surveys the Colosseum, she’s really surveying the Colosseum. In the film "Roman Holiday", Princess Ann holds on tight as they race through the roads past the famous Colosseum. The stars riding a Vespa made an iconic movie poster for the film, during an important era for Italian filmmaking. The authors of the article offer an innovative approach to the formation of a professionally oriented foreign language learning environment by studying the filming locations of the masterpiece of world cinema "Roman Holiday" (1953, USA), on the example of the Colosseum. It is a typical example copied throughout the empire: a highly decorative exterior, seats set over a network of barrel vaults, and underground rooms below the arena floor to hide people, animals and props until they were needed in the spectacles of the"Theatre of Death". Remembered the greatest English historian of all time Bede, Lord Byron’s poem"Child Harold's Pilgrimage", gladiators.
Specificity of M. Novak's Activity in the Context of the Development of Ukrainian Film Production in the Countries of North America
Authors:   Kiev National University of Culture and Arts, Kiev, Ukraine, Turchak Lesya
Published: September 2021

The article examines the film production activities of one of the leading figures of socio-political and cultural life of the Ukrainian community in New York and Los Angeles in the mid-twentieth century. The activity of M. Novak in the context of the attempt to develop the Ukrainian film industry in order to outline the national identity is studied. The peculiarities of M. Novak’s professional and public activity in the context of the specifics of the Ukrainian diaspora in Canada and the USA are revealed and his contribution to the Ukrainian film industry abroad is clarified. The study found that the common semantic and stylistic basis of films of the Ukrainian diaspora in Canada and the United States in the 20-60's of the twentieth century. became the baggage of Ukrainian culture of their creators, the traditions of domestic cinema, in which they worked before emigrating, as well as the general attitude to the preservation of traditions of Ukrainian culture of the diaspora in North America, typical of the second wave of emigration in general. Through his own activities in the field of film production and distribution of documentary and feature films, M. Novak contributed to the nation-building dialogue and the actualization of the communicative efficiency of world Ukrainians.
The Concept of Distributivity In Old High German and Middle High German Texts
Authors:   Odessa National I.I.Mechnikov University, Odessa, Ukraine, Iarmolovych Galyna
Published: September 2021

Quantification and numbers, numerals and number words have been in the focus of research on different levels of linguistical studies. The mathematical thinking and understanding of primitive arithmetical manipulations have been covered from both the mathematical and psychological points of view. The concept of distribution developed from the ability to group objects and belongs to the second wave of the mathematical understanding of primitive people. Being one of the first concepts developed in the human consciousness it stayed un-nominalised until the development of the number consequence paradigm. The distributive constructs existing in the Modern German language are a result of development from the Proto Indo European through the Proto Germanic, Old High German, and Middle High German languages. However, the modern standard concept of distributivity is built on the preceding word – i.e., a number of colloquial variations keep being used in some German dialects.
Health-promoting effects of bioactive compounds in blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) Berries
Authors: Oczkowski Michał
Published: September 2021

Blackcurrant (BC) is a well-known and appreciated berry fruit in our country and Poland is the largest BC producer among European Union countries and the second, after Russia, producer in the world. Due to the short shelf life of BC, its consumption in fresh form is relatively low , therefore the berries are processed into juices, jams, jellies, and freeze-dried products or alcoholic beverages. The high nutritional value of BC berries result from high content of bioactive compounds (among others, vitamin C, anthocyanins, pectins, organic acids, as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids contained in seeds of the fruit). Anthocyanins (ANTs) create the largest group among all polyphenolic compounds contained in BC.
The results from different studies confirm that ANTs are important in attenuation oxidative stress parameters in the organism, and therefore can reduce the risk of certain non-communicable chronic diseases. Consumption of unprocessed and processed blackcurrants (i.e. juices and products containing fruit extracts) may support the nutrition therapy of cardiovascular diseases, certain eye diseases and may normalize the lipid profile of the blood plasma. Additionally, the beneficial profile of unsaturated fatty acids from BC seeds supports the therapy of autoimmune diseases. This article is attempts to summarize the results of the studies on the anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-tumor and antimicrobial effects of BC bioactive compounds including the mechanisms of their action depending on the form of the fruit (e.g. juice, whole fruit extract, dried pomace, or seed oil). The article also highlights the potential use of BC in production of functional food, important in the dietary prevention of non-communicable chronic diseases resulting from increased oxidative stress in the organism.
Effects of the Applied Pressure and Pressing Speeds on the Total Resistance of the Compressibility Process
Authors: Abed Mohammed Al-JEWAREE Hazim
Published: September 2021

The compaction apparatus is used in this study to measure the total resistance of particles during the compressibility process for approaching the real resistance of the particles in the ball mill and to simulate the grinding in an actual ball mill in order to be used for design purposes. The apparatus consists of two punches and a large die which a single punch pressing. The size reduction is measured because it gives an indication to the total resistance and the grinding product of the coarse particles of white cement clinker manufacture by Alkhomes refractory. The effect of the compaction applied pressure and compaction velocity are studied. Results indicated that the high total resistance (Tr) occurred at high compaction speed, low applied pressure and at increase the weight of a compacted material.
Model Dan Format Instrumen Preview Program Multimedia Pembelajaran Interaktif
Authors: Miftah M
Published: September 2021

Penyusunan instrumen preview bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi produk multimedia pembelajaran interaktif (MPI). Dalam penyusunan digunakanlah alur kerja, model, dan format penyusunan. Metode penyusunan dalam bentuk lokakarya yang melibatkan guru bidang studi, kalangan akademisi, dan ahli dibidang; evaluasi media, media pembelajaran, teknologi pembelajaran, teknologi informasi, kurikulum, serta tim analisis dari Pustekkom. Dalam tulisan ini memuat pokok-pokok penyusunan instrumen; kriteria instrumen yang baik, keuntungan dan kelemahan instrumen, prosedur penyusunan instrument preview program MPI, kisi-kisi instrumen preview program MPI, dan sampai penyusunan instrument preview MPI final. Tujuan penulisan artikel adalah bertukar pikir ( sharing idea) dengan harapan model dan format instrumen preview program multimedia pembelajaran interaktif dapat dimanfaatkan dan dijadikan referensi bagi pengembang multimedia pembelajaran interaktif untuk semua jenjang pendidikan.
Kumpulan Abstrak
Authors: Teknodik Redaksi
Published: September 2021

HUBUNGAN KOMPETENSI TUTOR DALAM MENGGUNAKAN
MEDIA BELAJAR DENGAN MUTU PEMBELAJARAN PADA
PROGRAM PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI
Asep Saepudin
Program Studi PLS Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
(aspudin@gmail.com)

PENGEMBANGAN MULTIMEDIA INTERAKTIF GUNA
PEMEROLEHAN BELAJAR KONSEP PENYIMPANGAN SOSIAL
Syahwani Umar dan Rini Susilowati
Universitas Tanjung Pura, Pontianak
(syahwaniumar@yahoo.com dan rini1276@yahoo.co.id)
DEBAT AKTIF SEBAGAI METODE PEMBELAJARAN NOVEL YANG MOTIVATIF AGAR PESERTA DIDIK SMP TERAMPIL BERBICARA
Authors: Subadra Dewi
Published: September 2021

Sesuai dengan KTSP, salah satu kompetensi dasar yang harus dikuasai oleh peserta didik Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) adalah sastra prosa (novel). Oleh karena itu, guru bahasa Indonesia dituntut untuk menguasai dan menerapkan metode pembelajaran sastra yang baik dan menarik. Namun, berdasarkan pengalaman dan pengamatan sebagai guru bahasa Indonesia di SMP, masih banyak guru bahasa Indonesia yang merasa kesulitan untuk memilih dan menentukan metode pembelajaran sastra prosa (novel) yang menarik. Akibatnya, guru cenderung mengajarkan aspek kebahasaan saja dan mengesampingkan aspek sastra (novel). Pembelajaran sastra (novel) diperlakukan sebagai pelengkap ketentuan kurikulum saja. Dampaknya, guru cenderung menerapkan metode pembelajaran sastra novel yang paling tradisional, yaitu diawali dengan membaca ringkasan novel, menjawab pertanyaan yang tersedia, dan diakhiri dengan mencari unsur-unsur intrinsik. Keadaan yang demikian ini yang memprihatinkan penulis sehingga tergugah untuk berbagi pengalaman dalam menerapkan metode pembelajaran sastra (novel) yang menarik dan memotivasi peserta didik SMP mempelajari novel. Melalui metode debat aktif yang direkam dan diputar ulang dapat memotivasi peserta didik, tidak hanya dapat menikmati karya sastra yang disajikan tetapi juga memiliki kesenangan (hobi) membaca novel, bahkan membuat/menulis, dan membicarakan nilai-nilai intrinsik novel tanpa paksaan dari guru.
EFFECT OF ONE MONTH DIAPHRAGMATIC BREATHING ON PEAKEXPIRATORY FLOW RATE AND BREATH HOLDING TIME
Authors: Bhardwaj Praveen , Bhardwaj Reena , Singh Prerna , Mishra Devendra
Published: September 2021

Practice of yoga based relaxation techniques has been associated with various physiological changes in our body. The long term practice of these techniques has been reported to improve the pulmonary functions. However, the study on effects of short term diaphragmatic breathing on lung functions is yet lacking. Therefore, the present analytical study was conducted to find the changes in pulmonary functions after practising diaphragmatic breathing for one month among (n=40; 20 males and 20 females) 1st year MBBS students aged between 18-20 years. Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and breathe holding time (BHT) was recorded in these subjects before and after one month of practising diaphragmatic breathing. There was a significant increase in both PEFR and BHT after 1month of diaphragmatic breathing manoeuvre depicting the beneficial of diaphragmatic breathing on pulmonary functions.

Key words: Yoga; Pulmonary functions; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate; Breath Holding Time
Towards Safeguarding Rural Communities’ Social and Economic Interests Through Communal Property Law
Authors: Schoeman Werner , Rapatsa Mashele
Published: September 2021

South Africa’s incessant Corporate Law Reforms do offer vast opportunities for rural communities to be actively involved in their own social and economic development. This article discusses the practicability of using a private company to promote and develop social and economic interests of rural communities. The fundamental question is: what constitute proper administration and socio-economic development in a rural context? It takes into account, the fact that the post-1994 democratic dispensation has made some effort to develop and strengthen the constitutional property rights, and the social and economic development of the previously disadvantaged rural communities. This encompassed the idea of, somewhat, relying on civil society institutions to manage and develop property rights of rural communities. Nonetheless, it should be noted that the success thereof is dubious since the development and operation of civil society institutions in these communities are constantly under threat and undermined by the tenacity of conflicts between administrators and the traditional leadership. It is asserted that there is an incessant need to resolve fundamental aspects relating to law, application of legal norms and achievement of social justice in a rural context.
Automatic Text Summarization for Urdu Roman Language by Using Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Ali Zeshan
Published: September 2021

In the new era of technology, there is the redundancy of information in the internet world, which gives a hard time for users to contain the willed outcome it, to crack this hardship we need an automated process that riddle and search the obtained facts. Text summarization is one of the normal methods to solve problems. The target of the single document epitome is to raise the possibilities of data. we have worked mostly on extractive stationed text summarization. Sentence scoring is the method usually used for extractive text summarization. In this paper, we built an Urdu Roman Language Dataset which has thirty thousand articles. We follow the Fuzzy good judgment technique to clear up the hassle of text summarization. The fuzzy logic approach model delivers Fuzzy rules which have uncertain property weight and produce an acceptable outline. Our approach is to use Cosine similarity with Fuzzy logic to suppress the extra data from the summary to boost the proposed work. We used the standard Testing Method for Fuzzy Logic Urdu Roman Text Summarization and then compared our Machine-generated summary with the help of ROUGE and BLEU Score Method. The result shows that the Fuzzy Logic approach is better than the preceding avenue by a meaningful edge.
Bağlanma Stilleri İle Nedensellik Yönelimleri Arasındaki İlişkide Temel Psikolojik İhtiyaç Doyumu Aracı Rolünün Etkisi
Authors: YOLA ÇETİN İrem
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı psikolojik ihtiyaç (özerklik, yeterlik ve ilişkili olma) doyumunun güvenli ve güvensiz bağlanma stilleri ile nedensellik yönelimleri (özerk, kontrol ve kişisel olmayan) arasındaki ilişkide aracı etkisini araştırmaktır. Çalışmanın verileri Googleforms üzerinden internet aracılığıyla ve Işık Üniversitesi Psikoloji Bölümü öğrencilerinden yüz yüze yapılan anketler aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Bu şekilde örneklem toplamda 203 kişiden oluşmaktadır. Kişisel Bilgi Formu, İlişki Ölçekleri Anketi, İhtiyaç Doyumu Ölçeği ve Genel Nedensellik Yönelimleri Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Betimleyici istatistikler, Pearson korelasyon ile bir dizi tekli ve çoklu regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Bulgular güvenli bağlanma ve kişisel olmayan yönelim arasında ilişkili olma, yeterlik ve özerklik ihtiyaç doyumunun tam aracı etkisi olduğunu göstermiştir. Güvensiz bağlanma ve kişisel olmayan yönelim arasında ise yeterlik ve özerklik ihtiyaç doyumunun kısmi aracı etkisi gözlenmiş; ilişkili olma ihtiyaç doyumunun aracı etkisi olmadığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Beklenilenin aksine özerk yönelimin güvenli ve güvensiz bağlanma stili ile; kontrol yöneliminin ise yeterlik, özerklik ve ilişkili olma ihtiyaç doyumu ile anlamlı bir ilişkisi bulunamamıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre yeterlik, ilişkili olma ve özerklik ihtiyaç doyumunun güvenli ve güvensiz bağlanma stiline kıyasla nedensellik yönelimlerini belirlemede daha önemli bir kavram olduğu düşünülmektedir. Buna göre kişinin içinde bulunduğu sosyal bağlamın belirtilen psikolojik ihtiyaçları karşılayacak duruma getirilmesinin kişinin yaşamının çeşitli alanlarında önemli ve olumlu sonuçlarla ilişkili olabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Continuous social and environmental education of the future teacher in the interests of sustainable development of society
Authors:   Surgut State Pedagogical University, Niyazova Amina A. , Khuziakhmetov Anvar N. ,   Kazan (Volga region) Federal University
Published: September 2021

Introduction. The concept of sustainable development defines the socio-ecological direction as the leading one in the system of interaction between society and nature, which emphasizes the importance of continuous socio-ecological education of the individual. Continuous socio-ecological education in the interests of sustainable development provides not only the solution of socio-ecological problems, the co-evolution of society and nature, but also the upbringing of an ecologically cultural and educated person, where the leading role is assigned to the teacher. Modern higher pedagogical education is a mechanism for the development of the socio-ecological education of a future teacher, which determines the readiness of the last to implement continuous socio-ecological education of students. Materials and methods. The experimental study involved 285 students enrolled in the educational program "Pedagogical education". The study was based on the Tobolsk D.I. Mendeleev Pedagogical Institute (branch of Tyumen State University), BI HE KhMAO-Ugra "Surgut State Pedagogical University". The study was based on theoretical, empirical, survey-diagnostic and mathematical methods (Fisher φ-criterion). Research results. A theoretical systematic analysis of the literature made it possible to reveal the content of the concepts of “socio-ecological education for sustainable development”, “socio-ecological education of a teacher”, to develop and present the structure and process of development of socio-ecological education of a teacher, which fills and enriches the theory of pedagogical science with new knowledge. The statistical analysis of the results obtained showed the reliability of differences in the level of development of the socio-ecological education of the future teacher in motivational-value (φemp = 5.78; p≤0.01), cognitive (φemp = 6.80; p≤0.01), activity (φemp = 4.89; p≤0.01) and reflexive-regulatory components (φemp = 7.28; p≤0.01), which indicates the positive dynamics of the level of development of socio-ecological education of the future teacher. Conclusions. The conducted experimental work showed the effectiveness of the implemented organizational and pedagogical conditions in the process of professional training of a future teacher for continuous socio-ecological education in the interests of sustainable development of society and the positive dynamics of the development of socio-ecological education of a future teacher, the reliability of which was statistically confirmed using the Fisher t-criterion.
Prospects and technologies of the future economy as a reference point to modernization of Russian education system
Authors:   Ogarev Mordovia State University, Ilyakova Irina E. , Ermakova Eka R. ,   Ogarev Mordovia State University, Makolov Vasily I. ,   Russian State University for the Humanities
Published: September 2021

Problem and goal. To ensure the strategic Russian economy competitiveness at the present stage we have to provide education and training for specialists and workers at the highest quality level. Workers should be able to perform labor functions under the new reality (digitalisation, robotisation, automatization of production and management activities), work with highly sophisticated technology and equipment, as well to reproduce it. The goal of the research is to estimate potential of Russian educational system to reproduction of the juvenile capacity of the economy; to offer basic recommendations for its development and implementation. Materials and methods. The states of human potential concept, theory of the technological orders, neo-industrial development are the methodological basis of the research. Results. The Russian Federation ranked 39th in the rating of states by the level of education. Russian Preschool Education Quality Index is 3,2. It is lower than the level of highly developed countries. For example, Finland has 5,34 points. According to international monitoring of school quality (PIPLS, TIMSS, PISA), it is relatively high in Russia and continues to improve. But 28% of Russian pupils have no practical knowledge application skills. Only 15% of pupils have abilities to study in distanced way. No one of Russian universities is included in the Top-100 of worlds universities. Near 32% of university graduates and 41% of post-secondary education graduates do not work in their professional sphere. There are some restrictions such as infrastructure, material, technical support of educational activities, low level of the educational process personification, insufficient opportunities for the digital skills development, shortage of the attention to the identification and development of children's individual abilities and talents, formation of soft skills. Discussion and conclusions. The authors propose a system of basic recommendations for the education system modernization. The practice implementation of the offered recommendations brings modern educational system with the up-to-date requirements of scientific, technical and socio-economic development. The key condition is to increase the level of education expenditure to the level of the leading states (5 % of GDP and higher).
Applicability of online professional education to the conditions of the Arctic zone: the viewpoint of employers
Authors:   Petrozavodsk State University, Stepus Irina S. , Simakova Anna V. ,   Petrozavodsk State University, Pitukhin Evgeny A. ,   Petrozavodsk State University
Published: September 2021

Introduction. Labor markets in the regions of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation are challenged with the needs for personnel who have to work in the extreme conditions of the Far North. This objective circumstance imposes special, often increased requirements for the qualifications and level of training of job seekers, including the quality of their education. The relevance of this study is due to the increasingly popular online form of education, which is characterized by both advantages associated with the availability of such education and its safety in the era of a pandemic, and disadvantages associated with the quality of education received. The purpose of the study is to analyze the demand for specialists who have received professional education online in the labor market of the regions of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. The information base of the study was the results of surveys of more than 2,200 employers from the territories of all 9 constituent entities of the Russian Federation included in the Arctic zone. The surveys were conducted using online survey methods. The methods of descriptive statistics, system analysis and comparative data analysis were used when processing the survey results. Research results. The applicability of obtaining professional education in online form for the conditions of the Arctic zone is approved by 58% of the surveyed employers, and 42% have a negative attitude to this practice. Only every third employer surveyed considers the online education system existing in the RF AZ as a whole to meet their requirements for this type of training. At the same time, over 40% of employers in all Arctic regions expressed their readiness to hire specialists with a diploma in online education. The results of the survey, presented in the context of the Arctic regions and types of economic activity, showed a heterogeneous attitude of the employers to the issues under study. Discussion and conclusion. The results obtained confirmed the importance for the employers of the RF AZ of personnel training issues using online training, which has both a number of undoubted advantages for the Arctic territories and limitations. An important trend in the development of the study is to assess the capabilities of the existing system of distance online education from the perspective of the subjects of education themselves – universities and colleges located in the Arctic zone of Russia.
MISSING LINK KOTA DEPOK (CASE STUDY: MANAGEMENT MISSING LINK AT KOTA DEPOK)
Authors: Jalil Muksin
Published: September 2021

In connection with the important role of the road network and connectivity of public transport in the area of the City of Depok, there is a problem called the missing link. The purpose of this study is reviewed from the aspects of road network performance, connectivity of activity centers, TOD areas and transportation nodes, then obtained by loading the Origin Destination Matrix (MAT) to the road network with the help of transportation modeling software using Saturn. Travel speed between cities/regencies in Jabodetabek or the origin destination of Depok City does not reach the target speed of 40 km/hour, and speeds between regions and within regencies/cities in Depok city. Tangerang Regency and Bekasi Regency have the lowest speeds, with the lowest values being 25.06 km/hour and 25.39 km/hour. So that the need to increase the capacity of the road network to and from Tangerang and Bekasi districts, for Depok city the average speed that occurs within the city is 28.81 km our, so it is necessary to increase the capacity of the road network. The TOD area will have a missing link if the TOD has no connectivity with the mass transit node at a distance of more than 800 meters and is not on the main high-capacity mass transit line, such as the Cinere TOD. The need for handling the missing link TOD area of the road network in the Greater Jakarta area, mainly Cinere - Fatmawati Station. And there is 1 PKN that is not connected by public transportation to other PKN and is not connected with PKW in the same City, namely Cimanggis District, Depok City.
PASSENGER CAR SPEED ASSESSMENT RELATIONSHIP TO THE NOISE CAUSED
Authors: Syaiful Syaiful , Andana Rendy
Published: September 2021

Noise is defined as a human unwanted sound. The main sources of noise on toll roads are heavy vehicles and light vehicles. Noise pollution is often interpreted as unwanted sound or wrong sound at the wrong time. as heavy industry grows, traffic crowds, transportation facilities, and excessive use of audio technology. In addition there is generally noise strongly related to annoyance. Noise is everywhere and disturbance is one of the most common reactions to noise.. Speed is the size of a vector that shows how fast objects move. This research aims to find out the level of traffic noise and its distribution in front of SDN Cimahpar 01. The research method uses multiple linear analysis with the SPSS program by entering traffic data, vehicle speed and noise generated. The results were obtained that in SDN Cimahpar 01 area with the highest linear regression value between speed and noise that arises is 98% with linear regression equation y=52,390+0.298x1+0.229x2+0.245x3+0.205x4. Based on the similarity, the noise level value generated by the speed of the vehicle is 52.39 dBA with the provision of no increase or decrease in vehicle speed, this noise level is very strong because above the raw value of the activity noise level set by the Decree of the Minister of Environment No. 48 of 1996 which is 80 dBA.