bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oxidative stress in intensive care unit patients: a review of glutathione linked metabolism and lipid peroxidation
Authors: Meda Srikala , Singh Sharda , Palade Philip , Tonk Sahil , Awasthi Sanjay
Published: January 2019

Despite clear evidence of increased oxidative stress in the blood and tissues of critically ill intensive care unit patients, consistent beneficial effects of many different antioxidants have not been observed, and antioxidant therapy has not yet translated into widely accepted clinical practice. The reasons for this are unclear, likely rooted in the complex and context dependent free radical behavior of antioxidants interacting with the process of lipid peroxidation. Control of lipid peroxidation is a crucial requirement for the beneficial effects of antioxidants, but the interactions of biological antioxidant defenses with the potentially harmful free radical behavior of pharmacological antioxidants complicates the dose and selection of the optimal antioxidants. Glutathione, the primary small molecule antioxidant in biological systems, is the primary enzymatic oxidative stress defense that operates in the context of glutathione-linked antioxidant enzymes to metabolize many harmful products of lipid peroxidation to mercapturic acids. Recently, the mercapturic acid transporter protein, RLIP76 (human RALBP1 gene), has been shown to have a critical role in glutathione linked oxidative stress defenses. These findings provide a rationale for new approaches towards selection and dosing of antioxidant to improve their clinical benefit.
Trends in emergency department visits in Lubbock from 2011-2017
Authors: Jaroudi Sarah , Yang Shengping , Berdine Gilbert
Published: January 2019

To determine trends in daily emergency department (ED) visits, a preliminary retrospective study was done to analyze the relationship of long-term trends, day of week, and month of year to ED volume at University Medical Center in Lubbock, TX. Local data were collected from January 1, 2011, through December 31, 2017. An increase in ED visits from 2011 to 2014 was followed by a decrease in ED visits from 2014 to 2017. The best fit third order polynomial was “ ” with y=number of ED visits and x=cumulative day. The busiest day of the week was Monday with an average of 235.6 visits per day. Throughout the week, ED visits decreased to a minimum value of 201.9 visits per day on Saturday. The differences between each day of the week were significant (p < 0.001). Seasonal trends were present with peaks during February and September. The differences among months were significant (p < 0.001).  The total variance of the ED visit data was decreased after adjusting for the long-term trend, day of week, and month of year. These adjustments remove noises not relevant to the study goal and are necessary for further studies testing hypotheses about factors affecting ED visits that may not be uniformly distributed over time.
Sudden cardiac arrest in a young adult with long QT syndrome and negative mutation studies
Authors: Duarte Walter , Edriss Hawa
Published: January 2019

Cardiac arrest in young healthy adults usually results from undiagnosed structural heartdisease or an undiagnosed predisposition to cardiac arrhythmias. We report a 19-year-old manwho developed a cardiac arrest while playing golf. He required cardiopulmonary resuscitationon 5 separate occasions and then was treated with targeted temperature management. Hisinitial laboratory tests included hypokalemia (2.5 mmol/L); he also had several episodes ofhypoglycemia during his intensive care unit stay. A serum insulin level was within normallimits, but a C-peptide level was increased. He had a long QT interval (QTc-551 ms) afterrewarming. Extensive cardiac workup was negative for structural abnormalities. In addition,mutation testing for channelopathies was negative. This patient recovered and has done well.This patient illustrates a case of sudden cardiac death in a young healthy adult who had a longQT syndrome but a negative mutation analysis. These patients might benefit from evaluationin specialized centers which can undertake additional genetic testing.
Hyperthyroidism-induced dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Chariyawong Phumpattra , Rao Angela , Panikkath Deepa , Panikkath Ragesh
Published: January 2019

Hyperthyroidism is a common endocrine disorder with a prevalence of 1.3% in the generalpopulation, affecting more women than men. Prolonged hyperthyroidism without appropriatemanagement may lead to high output cardiac failure characterized by increases in heart rate,cardiac contractility, and cardiac output and by reductions in peripheral systemic vascularresistance. Dilated cardiomyopathy with impaired systolic function is rare and occurs in lessthan 1% of patients with thyrotoxicosis. The exact mechanism of hyperthyroidism-induceddilated cardiomyopathy is not well established. The combination of direct toxic effects of excessthyroid hormone along with prolonged tachycardia, arrhythmia, and a hyperdynamic state couldbe contributing factors. We present a case of a young woman with prolonged sinus tachycardiadue to a long history of medication non-compliance who developed dilated cardiomyopathywith low output heart failure. Early detection and management of hyperthyroidism are crucialto restore cardiac function.
Caregiver-implemented intervention for an adult with autism spectrum disorder and complex communication needs
Authors: Hong Ee Rea , Morin Kristi , Ganz Jennifer B , Genc-Tosun Derya , Gregori Emily V , Svenkerud-Hale Nicole , Boles Margot B
Published: January 2019

Background/Aims:

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder often have significant speech deficits, or complex communication needs. People with complex communication needs frequently reach adulthood without sufficient tools to communicate effectively and require instruction in the use of augmentative and alternative communication. Because communication is ubiquitous, best practice in augmentative and alternative communication instruction involves primary communication partners, such as caregivers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the use of a speech generating app via a tablet, as implemented by a caregiver, to increase requesting in an adult with autism spectrum disorder.

Methods:

This case study is a pilot study involving the provision of instruction to a primary caregiver of a young woman with autism spectrum disorder and complex communication needs. First, the primary caregiver was trained to use the speech generating app. After the primary caregiver met the performance criteria, she taught the woman with autism spectrum disorder and complex communication needs how to use the app independently.

Findings:

The caregiver quickly learned the steps of implementing the augmentative and alternative communication intervention and maintained use of these skills at high rates several months after the intervention was completed. Furthermore, the young woman with complex communication needs also increased use of augmentative and alternative communication, although her results were variable and were not maintained.

Conclusions:

Despite the positive findings from this study regarding the accuracy of the primary caregiver's intervention implementation, future research should examine a better way to meet the needs of adult people with autism spectrum disorder and complex communication needs when using augmentative and alternative communication systems.
Reflections of a media ecology flâneuse: On mediated urban spaces and places1
Authors: Drucker Susan J.
Published: January 2019

Cities are rich informative environments. This has been dubbed the urban century with, for the first time in human history, more than half the world’s population living in cities. Cities are global, smart, connected, inclusive, livable, green, sustainable, mega and communicative. The urban experience is increasingly influenced by technology. From photography to the mobile phone, augmented reality and the GPS, the person/environment relationship is altered by media technologies. Urban communication is a growing field examining communication in urban sites and urban influences on communication. What is the relationship between media ecology and urban communication? From Benjamin and McLuhan to Postman and Strate, this article explores the connections between urban communication and media ecology and suggests urban spaces and places call out for the attention of media ecologists.
El componente cultural en los diccionarios de ELE
Authors: Moreira Glauber Lima
Published: January 2019

El diccionario es una herramienta didáctica que busca incorporar los aspectos lingüísticos y extralingüísticos de una lengua (PORTO DAPENA, 2014). Entre estos aspectos, cabe mencionar los relacionados con las costumbres, la historia, las curiosidades y la cultura de una sociedad (ATIENZA CEREZO, 2005; BLECUA PERDICES, 2016). Podemos señalar que el diccionario es una obra pedagógica que debe recoger este tipo de información necesaria para los consultantes, sobre todo los dirigidos a la enseñanza y aprendizaje de los usuarios extranjeros según sus necesidades (MALDONADO, 2008). En este sentido, este estudio se centra en analizar seis artículos del ámbito del Turismo extraídos del Diccionario para la Enseñanza de la Lengua Española para Brasileños (SEÑAS, 2003), obra lexicográfica de gran difusión en la enseñanza de ELE en Brasil (MOREIRA, 2013; SIMÃO, 2016) y del Diccionario de Español para Extranjeros. Describimos las definiciones y los ejemplos de uso de las entradas con el fin de averiguar si resultan o no informativas, con el propósito de averiguar si es necesario añadir otros tipos de informaciones y cuáles. Los resultados muestran que es imprescindible elaborar un diccionario de ELE pensado para los usuarios brasileños y que las informaciones enciclopédicas y culturales son fundamentales para este público.
Ordem Visográfica - colocando os dicionários de línguas de sinais em ordem
Authors: Andrade Fernandes Leandro Andrade , Barros Mariângela Estelita
Published: January 2019

É comum a utilização de glossários, ou listas de palavras em aulas de Libras (Língua Brasileira de Sinais) como materiais didáticos exclusivos. Além de esse material não ser, a rigor, um livro didático, uma outra questão é mais preocupante e é central neste estudo: a maioria dos dicionários e glossários de línguas de sinais é organizada com entradas em línguas orais, por ordem alfabética dessas línguas. Isso se dá, porque seus autores optam por não utilizarem um sistema de escrita de língua de sinais, ou por utilizarem algum que não permite a ordenação alfabética linear. Nosso objetivo nesse artigo é apresentar uma proposta pioneira de arranjo de entradas em dicionários de línguas de sinais com ordem alfabética linear, a qual denominamos ordem visográfica, por meio do uso do sistema brasileiro de escrita das línguas de sinais, ELiS. Para tanto, baseamo-nos principalmente em Barros (2015) para a identificação dos elementos a serem organizados, e em Welker (2004) para a discussão e a definição de ordem alfabética linear. Como resultado, nesse artigo explicamos os detalhes dessa organização e discutimos seus possíveis impactos para o uso ou aprendizagem de línguas de sinais por surdos ou ouvintes.
Lexicografia Pedagógica
Authors: Daré Vargas Mariana
Published: January 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar reflexões sobre questões teóricas relacionadas à  Lexicografia Pedagógica. Resgatam-se as origens dessa disciplina, no final do século XIX e começo do século XX, quando da mudança do paradigma de ensino de línguas (MOLINA GARCÍA, 2006). Apresentam-se conceitos de Lexicografia Pedagógica atribuídos por especialistas (DUBOIS; DUBOIS, 1970; RUNDELL, 1998; HARTMANN, 2001; MOLINA GARCÍA, 2006; DURAN; XATARA, 2007; DURAN, 2008; HERNÁNDEZ, 2008; WELKER, 2008; KRIEGER, 2011; WELKER, 2011; DE SCHRYVER, 2012). Por fim, discutem-se as áreas com as quais essa ciência faz interface e propõe-se o panorama da Lexicografia Pedagógica em contexto brasileiro, proposta ampliada de Duran e Xatara (2007), da qual fazem parte, além de aluno(a), professor(a), lexicógrafo(a) e editor(a), o Governo Federal e as publicações especializadas.
Lexicografia Pedagógica
Authors: Krieger Maria da Graça , Müller Alexandra Feldekircher
Published: January 2019

A Lexicografia Pedagógica (LP) é motivada pela compreensão do importante papel didático que os dicionários podem desempenhar no ensino/aprendizagem das línguas. Um dos objetivos da Lexicografia Pedagógica consiste, portanto, em evidenciar a produtividade do dicionário em diferentes situações de aprendizado não só de língua estrangeira, mas também da língua materna. Neste artigo, salienta-se a importância das relações entre níveis e/ou projetos de ensino e a proposta lexicográfica que rege a organização estrutural de dicionários escolares de língua materna. Estudos de LP constatam a carência de formação em lexicografia dos professores no Brasil. Isso explica o desconhecimento da estrutura e do potencial de lições sobre a língua e a linguagem que os dicionários oferecem. Consequentemente, evidencia-se o pouco aproveitamento dos dicionários nas práticas pedagógicas de língua materna. No entanto, percebe-se que os princípios da LP vem produzindo impactos positivos sobre a produção editorial da lexicografia escolar brasileira. Nesse contexto, este texto tem por objetivo apresentar resultados de um trabalho prático, publicado sob a forma de Caderno de Exercícios (KRIEGER e MÜLLER, 2017). Dois eixos pautam a organização dos Cadernos: 1) Para conhecer e consultar o dicionário e 2) Para aproveitar o dicionário. Todo o material compreende um conjunto de 90 exercícios que podem auxiliar os professores em diversas atividades didáticas com o uso de dicionários.
Lexicografia Pedagógica
Authors: Bertonha Fábio Henrique de Carvalho
Published: January 2019

Este artigo visa relatar a experiência de seu autor ao ministrar a língua italiana para estudantes da terceira idade. Sabe-se que o envelhecimento é um processo natural na vida humana, porém, há uma tendência à exclusão dos idosos. Diante dessa questão, algumas instituições educacionais passaram a oferecer cursos voltados para esse público a fim de reinserir a população idosa na sociedade a qual faz parte. Em Barretos, o UNIFEB é uma universidade que oferece cursos de línguas estrangeiras para esses estudantes mais velhos. Neste artigo, há o relato do autor que ministra, voluntariamente, língua italiana para alunos idosos do projeto de extensão chamado UAMI. Objetiva-se compartilhar as atividades experienciadas, algumas características específicas, expectativas e interesses desse grupo consoante a estudos contemporâneos.
Lexicografia pedagógica da língua portuguesa e Dialetologia
Authors: Paim Marcela Moura Torres , Santana Isamar Neiva
Published: January 2019

Este artigo busca fazer uma reflexão sobre a importância da relação da Lexicografia com a Dialetologia na utilização de dicionários escolares. Os instrumentos utilizados para as análises foram os dados do Projeto Atlas Linguístico do Brasil no intuito de verificar se os dicionários escolares investigados apresentavam as lexias que se apresentavam enraizadas em diferentes áreas e vivas no vocabulário ativo de seus falantes. Com base na observação de dicionários escolares, chegou-se à  conclusão de que nem sempre essas obras completam, com informações dialetais, as lacunas deixadas pelos verbetes no que se refere à inclusão de dados da língua oral, sobretudo os coletados em pesquisas geolinguísticas.
Linguística Aplicada & Lexicografia Pedagógica
Authors: Grama Daniela Faria , Beilke Neubiana Silva Veloso
Published: January 2019

Este artigo tem por objetivo estabelecer elos entre a Linguística Aplicada e a Lexicografia Pedagógica por meio da metodologia/abordagem da Linguística de Corpus. Para isso, lançamos três questões: quais características são atribuídas ao termo “dicionário(s) pedagógico(s)” quando usamos a metodologia/abordagem da Linguística de Corpus? Tais características estão em consonância com a proposta lexicográfica dos dicionários escolares Houaiss Conciso e Novíssimo Aulete? Como podemos relacionar tais resultados com o papel da Linguística Aplicada? A fundamentação teórica é constituída de conceitos e princípios, em especial, da Linguística Aplicada e da Lexicografia Pedagógica. Incorporamos à discussão teórica a elaboração de uma definição de Linguística Aplicada com a metodologia/abordagem da Linguística de Corpus. A metodologia descreve a elaboração e a análise de um corpus de Lexicografia Pedagógica, por meio do programa WordSmith Tools, versão 6, para respondermos às três questões. Na seção de análises e resultados, as características relativas ao termo “dicionário(s) pedagógico(s)” são identificadas e tornam-se base para análise do Novíssimo Aulete e do Houaiss Conciso. Percebemos que tais obras possuem poucas das características elencadas como próprias de um dicionário pedagógico.
Relações entre Ecolexicografia e Lexicografia Pedagógica
Authors: Albuquerque Davi
Published: January 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a ecolexicografia e as contribuições que esta disciplina oferece à lexicografia pedagógica. Para tanto, faz-se necessário expor a ecolinguística, disciplina ligada à ecolexicografia, e os subsídios da proposta ecolexicográfica. Após isso, é elaborada uma discussão a respeito dos indivíduos envolvidos no processo ecolexicográfico (os ecolexicógrafos, os professores e os aprendizes) e uma análise de verbetes para mostrar a técnica da ecometalexicografia.
proposta de taxonomia de dicionários monolíngues para aprendizes brasileiros de FLE
Authors: Kaspary Cíntia Voos
Published: January 2019

No cenário do ensino-aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras no Brasil, os dicionários são considerados como um material didático de apoio no desenvolvimento das práticas de ensino. Neste artigo, o objetivo é apresentar uma proposta de taxonomia dos dicionários monolíngues disponíveis para aprendizes de FLE. Esse enquadramento é um fator importante de auxílio aos aprendizes na análise e na escolha de obras lexicográficas que possam contribuir no desenvolvimento de suas atividades linguísticas. Para essa finalidade, foi elaborada uma taxonomia com base em critérios funcionais e linguísticos, que pudesse focalizar essa categoria de dicionários. Quer-se nessa proposição ofertar uma ferramenta que possa auxiliar alunos e profissionais de ensino a realizar uma escolha mais criteriosa de um dicionário mais adequado às suas necessidades de uso.
Dicionário em sala de aula
Authors: Ribeiro Thiago Leonardo , Ramos Pinto Vera Maria
Published: January 2019

Neste artigo, temos como objetivo fazer uma análise contrastiva entre quatro dos 19 dicionários selecionados pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático, PNLD 2012: Dicionários, dois do Tipo 2 e dois do Tipo 3, a fim verificar os critérios utilizados pelos lexicógrafos na composição destes dicionários no que diz respeito à  macro e à  microestrutura textual. Neste trabalho, também, abordamos o livro Com direito à palavra: dicionários em sala de aula, uma publicação do Ministério da Educação e Cultura que acompanha cada acervo dos dicionários escolares que foram avaliados e selecionados pelo PNLD 2012 e tem como propósito apresentar aos professores o mundos dos dicionários quanto às características gerais desses acervos, esperando que o uso desses materiais possa ser otimizado.
The Two Natures of the Incarnate Christ and the Bearer Question
Authors: Guta Mihretu P.
Published: January 2019

The Chalcedonian Definition states that the incarnate Christ is both fully human and fully divine. But spelling out what the Chalcedonian Definition entails continues to be a subject of intense controversy among philosophers and theologians alike. One of these controversies concerns what I call the problem of the bearer question. At the heart of this question lies whether or not the two natures of Christ require two distinct bearers. In section I, I will explain the problem of the bearer question and how it arises directly due to the Chalcedonian Definition. In section II, I will propose a solution to the problem of the bearer question within the framework of what I call, a ‘Multi–Track Disposition Model of the Incarnation’. At the heart of this model lies the notion that the manifestation of properties is multi–directional in the sense that there is a reciprocal partnership among property manifestations. In section III, I will contrast the solution proposed to the bearer question by the Multi–Track Model to that of a ‘Kenotic Model of the Incarnation’. I will argue that the Multi–Track Model provides us with better conceptual resources to make sense of the bearer question. Finally, in section IV, I will briefly point out why ultimately a conclusive answer to the bearer question may still prove to be elusive because the bearer question gives rise to a host of other unresolved questions.
The Jersey Shore: The Past, Present & Future of a National Treasure
Authors: Perez Heather
Published: January 2019

Heather Perez's review of The Jersey Shore: The Past, Present & Future of a National Treasure, by Dominick Mazzagetti
Tadeusz Jałmużna (1939-2006)
Authors: Michalski Grzegorz
Published: January 2019

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Ewa Domańska, Mikrohistorie. Spotkania w między światach, Wydawnictwo Poznańskie, Poznań 2005, ss. 337
Authors: Głowacka-Sobiech Edyta
Published: January 2019

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Hanna Markiewiczowa, Działalność opiekuńczo-wychowawcza Warszawskiego Towarzystwa Dobroczynności 1814-1914, Wydawnictwo Akademii Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej, Warszawa 2002, ss. 300
Authors: Nawrot-Borowska Monika
Published: January 2019

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Bony w wychowaniu domowym dzieci polskich w latach 1850-1914
Authors: Nawrot-Borowska Monika
Published: January 2019

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Ucieleśnienie, neuronauki i literatura
Authors: Kapusta Andrzej
Published: January 2019

In the text, I address the subject of neurocognitive science, art and literature in various perspectives, whose connecting point is the perspective of the experiencing subject and her embodiment. The embodied and involved subject reveals through her ailments and suffering dimensions of experience not always visible in the state of health and well-being. The starting point of my deliberations are issues in the field of neurocognitive science and neuroesthetics as the areas that attempt to explain the neurobiological mechanisms of perception of art and literature. Next, I refer to research in the field of neuroanthropology, through which the positive and creative dimensions of the illness experience are noticed. I also refer to psychopathology as an area that shows the dimensions of human experience in a much more fundamental way than it is able to show the experience of everyday life.
Profesor Camilleri i pan Caravaggio. Multimodalne studium twórczości i psychozy
Authors: Olkusz Ksenia
Published: January 2019

Multimodal techniques (meaning the use of narrative modes signalised by various typographies etc.) enable a fuller presentation of Caravaggio’s mental dysfunction (in the novel the focalizing role is performed by, among others, the notes of the painter who is falling into obsession and madness – it is these that form his internal storyworld). Confrontation with the journalistic account, provided by the alter ego of the very author of the novel (so called sylleptic narrator) – that is the second level of narration – constitutes the modal frame for the presentation of the artist’s fate and contributes to showing the mental state of Caravaggio who is obsessed with “black sun” (this obsession might be the source of the chiaroscuro technique), and who sees in hallucinations his own severed head. This way, Camilleri creatively exploits the motif of decapitation, found in Caravaggio’s paintings, following many research studies showing that the heads found in the paintings could have been the painter’s self-portraits and expressions of his expiation. This context is supplemented by reproductions of Caravaggio’s paintings, which are embedded in the narration and “commented upon” in his fictional journal, thus constituting yet another layer registering (and illustrating) what takes place in the artist’s mind.
“The moment I realized I am plurilingual”: Plurilingual tasks for creative representations in EAP at a Canadian university
Authors: Galante Angelica
Published: January 2019

In many urban settings across the globe, English for Academic Purposes (EAP) classes are inherently multilingual and provide unique possibilities to explore a wealth of languages and cultures as well as the interactions among them. Although the field of applied linguistics has historically followed monolingual ideologies, a plurilingual approach in EAP can provide insights into language practices that are situated, creative and contextualized. Raising students’ awareness of their own plurilingual and pluricultural repertoire is key to preparing them to make mindful decisions about culture and language use in real-life situations; plurilingual instruction incudestranslanguaging, validating plurilingual identities, as well as understandingpluriculturalism, all of which can open up possibilities for creativity in culture and language use. While research shows plurilingual-inspired pedagogies can benefit language learning, little is known about the extent to which they can enhance creative representations of language and culture. This article reports results from a study on the effects of plurilingual instruction on creativity in an EAP program. Seven EAP instructors delivered plurilingual tasks to adult students at a Canadian university. Data from demographic questionnaires,Language Portraits, student diaries (N=28), and classroom observations (N=21) were qualitatively analyzed and triangulated. Results suggest that the use of plurilingual tasks afforded a heightened awareness of plurilingual/pluricultural identity and validated the creative use of linguistic and cultural resources, including translanguaging. Suggestions for the inclusion of creative data collection instruments and plurilingual instruction in applied linguistics classroom research are made.
Scale-Up of Shear Thinning Fluid Mixing in an Unbaffled Stirred Vessel with Eccentrically Located and Modified Impellers
Authors: Yavuz Nihat , Sandeep K.P.
Published: January 2019

Mixing of a shear thinning fluid was scaled-up by maintaining equal Reynolds number (Re), tip speed, and power per volume. A standard 45° four-blade pitch blade turbine (PBT) and a modified version of the same impeller (DF-PBT) which provided simultaneous upward and downward flow were used. The impellers were located eccentrically, and the effects of scale-up were determined. The distribution of a tracer solution to evaluate mixing progress, power consumption, and flow fields were analyzed to compare the three different scale-up rules. The same endpoint of mixing was achieved in all cases of PBT with noticeable differences in flow profiles. Higher power consumption and less time were necessary to complete mixing with equal power per volume compared to that with equal Re and tip speed rules. For DF-PBT, only equal Re rule resulted in values similar to that obtained at the small scale. At a scale-up ratio of 2, the selection of scale-up rule should be based on the time and power requirements of the process. As the effects of scale-up on eccentrically located impellers do not differ significantly from those of concentrically located impellers, impellers which have complex dynamics such as DF-PBT require further studies to understand scale-up effects.
Power Supply Mode Planning of Electric Vehicle Participating in Logistics Distribution Based on Battery Charging and Swapping Station
Authors: Deng Youjun , Yu Qian , Li Bo , Gong Renjie , Chang Gong
Published: January 2019

Considering the operating pattern of battery charging and swapping station (BCSS) providing two power supply modes referring to battery charging mode and battery swapping mode at the same time, the power supply mode planning of electric vehicle (EV) participating in logistics distribution is conducive to decrease the operation costs. The primary contribution of this paper is to construct an optimization model with the objective of minimizing the overall cost of transportation cost and slow charging cost by considering the optimal driving route of EV, the selection of power supply mode and the slow discharging or charging management in the depot. The transportation cost is consisted of fast charging cost, battery swapping cost, battery life loss cost and vehicle loss cost. The secondary contribution of this paper is to improve a novel optimization algorithm called natural aggregation algorithm (NAA) as integer version to solve effectively the proposed model. Taking 33-node logistics distribution system as an example to carry out numerical simulation, the impacts of power supply mode planning on transportation cost and slow dis/charging cost are analyzed, the impacts of slow dis/charging strategy on the total cost are analyzed, and the effectiveness of proposed model in 13-node, 64-node, 112-node logistics distribution system are comparatively analyzed. The simulation results have demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model and approach.
Directed Transport in Symmetrically Periodic Potentials Induced by Cross-Correlation among Colored Gaussian Noises
Authors: Alexandrovich Knyaz’ Igor
Published: January 2019

We study the noise induced directed transport of an inertial Brownian particle moving in a symmetric spatially periodic potential and is subjected to correlated colored noises. Under the assumption of small correlation times of colored fluctuations we obtain an analytical expression for resulting current in overdamped systems. Our analytical and numerical calculations indicate the directed current is controlled by the correlation parameters. It has been pointed out that the nonzero correlation time makes an important contribution to current only at large enough values of noise intensities. The role of other system parameters is investigated from the viewpoint of optimization the current amplitude.
Performance Appraisal of Sigma Delta Modulated Radio over Fiber System
Authors: Hadi Muhammad Usman , Aslam Nelofar , Jung Hyun
Published: January 2019

Radio over fiber (RoF) is a promising solution for the next-generation wireless networks including fifth-generation Cloud/Centralized Radio Access Network (C-RAN). There exists a possibility to use Sigma Delta Modulated RoF (S-DRoF) that combines the advantages of analog RoF and digital RoF by means of sigma delta modulation (SDM) at the transmitter side subsequently replacing the employment of expensive and high-speed digital-to-analog converters. In this paper, we demonstrate the usage of second-order SDM for LTE 20 MHz signal having 64 QAM modulation on a central carrier frequency of 1.14 GHz for the implementation of S-DRoF for 20 km of standard single mode fiber with baud rate from 25 to 100 Mbaud. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of the design of SDM is explained followed by the experimental setup. The performance is reported in terms of error vector magnitude, constellations and adjacent channel power ratio. The results show that the proposed architecture performance is in with accordance to the limitations set by the 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) standards and is a reasonable choice either for upgrading installed systems as well as for the new deployments.
Towards all-solution-processed top-illuminated flexible organic solar cells using ultrathin Ag-modified graphite-coated poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrates
Authors: Wang Shuanglong , Zhao Yi , Lian Hong , Peng Cuiyun , Yang Xuyong , Gao Yulai , Peng Yan , Lan Weixia , Elmi Omar Ibrahim , Stiévenard Didier , Wei Bin , Zhu Furong , Xu Tao
Published: January 2019

All-solution-processed flexible organic solar cells (FOSCs) with high power conversion efficiency (PCE) are the prerequisite for application in low-cost, large-area, flexible, photovoltaic devices. In this work, high-performance, top-illuminated FOSCs using ultrathin Ag-modified graphite-coated poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrates are demonstrated. The ultrathin Ag-modified graphite/PET substrates have excellent electric conductivity, mechanical flexibility, and easy processability for FOSCs. A PCE of 5.31% for FOSCs, based on the blend system poly[4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo [1,2-b:4,5-b′]dith-iophene-co-3-fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene-2-carboxylate]: [6,6]-phenyl-C7l-but-yric acid methyl ester, having a bilayer of MoO
x
/Ag upper transparent anode is demonstrated. Top-illuminated FOSCs with a transparent upper electrode of solution-processed Ag nanowires also yielded a PCE of 3.76%. All-solution-processed FOSCs exhibit excellent mechanical flexibility and retain >81% of the initial efficiency after 500 cycles of bending test. Furthermore, graphite-based electrodes demonstrate good heat-insulation properties. The outcomes of this work offer an alternative to fabricate high-performance, all-solution-processable, top-illuminated FOSCs, providing a commercially viable approach for application in large-area solar cells that can be prepared by printing and roll-to-roll fabrication processes.
A new era for combustion research
Authors: Kohse-Höinghaus Katharina
Published: January 2019

Current topics in combustion chemistry include aspects of a changing fuel spectrum with a focus on reducing emissions and increasing efficiency. This article is intended to provide an overview of selected recent work in combustion chemistry, especially addressing reaction pathways from fuel decomposition to emissions. The role of the molecular fuel structure will be emphasized for the formation of certain regulated and unregulated species from individual fuels and their mixtures, exemplarily including fuel compounds such as alkanes, alkenes, ethers, alcohols, ketones, esters, and furan derivatives. Depending on the combustion conditions, different temperature regimes are important and can lead to different reaction classes. Laboratory reactors and flames are prime sources and targets from which such detailed chemical information can be obtained and verified with a number of advanced diagnostic techniques, often supported by theoretical work and simulation with combustion models developed to transfer relevant details of chemical mechanisms into practical applications. Regarding the need for cleaner combustion processes, some related background and perspectives will be provided regarding the context for future chemistry research in combustion energy science.
Prevalence of low back pain and its related factors among pre-hospital emergency personnel in Iran
Authors: Imani Ali , Borna Jalal , Alami Ali , Khosravan Shahla , Hasankhani Hadi , Bafandeh Zende Mostafa
Published: January 2019

Objective: Low back pain is one of the most important job injuries among emergency medical personnel. This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of low back pain as well as its physical, mental and managerial predisposing factors among emergency medical personnel in Iran. Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study we recruited 298 pre-hospital emergency medical personnel based on census sampling. Data were gathered using Nordic and a research-made questionnaire related to physical, mental and managerial back pain factors. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive and analytical tests including chisquare test were used appropriately. P value less than 0.05 was considered as the level of significance. Results: Findings showed that 46.3% of pre- hospital emergency technicians had a history of low back pain with different intensities. We observed a significant relationship between age, work experience, occupational-physical factors with low back pain (P>0.001). However, there was no significant relationship between occupational-managerial factors and mental-occupational factors with low back pain (P>0.05). Conclusion: Results show that the prevalence of back pain among emergency medical personnel is high. Identifying the factors associated with back pain can help the managers as well as the personnel to control the problem of back pain and increase employees’ productivity.
FAST and abnormal urinalysis: the effective screening tools in pediatric abdominal trauma
Authors: Zamani Majid , Heydari Farhad , Esmailian Mehrdad
Published: January 2019

Objective: The present study examines the diagnostic accuracy of abdominal ultrasonography and urinalysis test in children with blunt abdominal trauma, compared with CT scan. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic value of ultrasound and urinalysis test with CT scan as a golden standard diagnostic method in predicting abdominal peritoneal injury in these patients. Methods: This prospective study, based on diagnostic accuracy evaluation, was performed on children with blunt abdominal traumas less than 12 years of age who were referred to the emergency department from 2017-2018 and for whom abdominal ultrasonography, urinalysis and abdominal CT scans were requested. Demographic data, mechanism of trauma, the results of urine tests, ultrasound and CT scan of the abdomen were recorded. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were used to measure the diagnostic power of the tests. Results: In this study, 100 children with multiple traumas were included. The mean age of these patients was 5.75 ± 3 years with a range of 1-12 years. In terms of sexual distribution, 69 (69%) were boys and 31 (31%) were girls. According to the results, ultrasound with an abnormal urinalysis test had sensitivity of 85.7%, specificity of 91.9%, positive predictive value of 63.2% and negative predictive value of 97.5%. The accuracy was 91%. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the combination of ultrasonography and urinalysis resulted in a significant increase in diagnostic value (P <0.001). Pediatric patients with a negative ultrasonography and urinalysis test should be observed rather than subjected to the radiation risk of CT
Performance Differences Between the Sexes in the Boston Marathon From 1972 to 2017
Authors: Knechtle Beat , Di Gangi Stefania , Rüst Christoph A. , Nikolaidis Pantelis T.
Published: January 2019

Knechtle, B, Di Gangi, S, Rüst, CA, and Nikolaidis, PT. Performance differences between the sexes in the Boston Marathon from 1972 to 2017. J Strength Cond Res 34(2): 566–576, 2020—The differences between the sexes in marathon running have been investigated for athletes competing in world class–level races. However, no information exists about changes in these differences since the first women officially began participating in marathons. We examined trends in participation and performance in the Boston Marathon from 1972 to 2017. A total of 371,250 different finishers (64% men) and 553,890 observations—with 187,998 (34%) being of women and 365,892 (66%) of men—were analyzed using Generalized Additive Mixed Models. The number of finishers increased over the years. Female participation started at 2.81% in 1972 and reached 45.68% in 2016. Considering all finishers, men (03:38:42 ± 00:41:43 h:min:s) were overall faster than women (04:03:28 ± 00:38:32 h:min:s) by 10.7%. Average performance worsened over the years, but the differences between the sexes decreased. For the annual 10 fastest runners, performance improved with a decrease in speed difference (18.3% overall, men: 02:13:30 ± 00:04:08 h:min:s vs. women: 02:37:42 ± 00:17:58 h:min:s). For the annual winners, performance improved with a decrease in speed difference (15.5% overall, men: 02:10:24 ± 00:03:05 h:min:s vs. women: 02:30:43 ± 00:11:05 h:min:s). For the near-elite finishers from the 21st to the 100th place and from the 101st to the 200th place, women's performance improved with a decrease in the difference to men. In summary, the trend in performance over the years depended on the methodological approach (i.e., all vs. annual 10 fastest finishers vs. annual winners), but the difference between the sexes decreased in all instances. Although men were 10.7% faster than women, the fastest men (i.e., top 10 and winners) increased the gap between men and women by an average of 18.3% for the annual 10 fastest and 15.5% for the annual winners.
Reduction of T Cells and Hsa-miR150-5p in Female Canoeing Athletes: Preliminary Evidence Between Exercise Training and Immune
Authors: Xiao Fang , Yang Yueqin , Xiao Lin , Xia Zhi , Wang Linyuan , Yang Kun , Wang Song
Published: January 2019

Xiao, F, Yang, Y, Xiao, L, Xia, Z, Wang, L, Yang, K, and Wang, S. Reduction of T cells and hsa-miR150-5p in female canoeing athletes: Preliminary evidence between exercise training and immune. J Strength Cond Res 36(11): e106–e113, 2022—This article aims to reveal the alteration of immune profile in teenage canoeing athletes, by which applies a clue for regulation of exercise on human immune. Thirty-one teenagers of female canoeing athletes and age-matched subjects participated in this research. Peripheral leukocytes' microRNAs (miRNAs) were analyzed using Agilent human microRNA 2.0 and gene software. The miRNA candidates were quantified by reverse transcription real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The percentages of various lymphocytes were tested using flow cytometry. There were 6 miRNAs (hsa-miR150-5p, 31-5p, 3659, 4419a, 650, and 8485) lower in canoeing athletes, and the reduction of miR-150 was identified by RT-qPCR (p = 0.021). Canoeing athletes had lower percent of CD3+ T cells than the subjects with no exercise training had (p < 0.001), but the ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ and the percent of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells showed no significant difference between these 2 groups. T cells and hsa-miR150-5p are sensitive to the long-time heavy exercise training, and the exercise for winning competition regulates the immune system by inhibiting T cells and hsa-miR150-5p.
Influence of Body Fat on Oxidative Stress and Telomere Length of Master Athletes
Authors: Aguiar Samuel S. , Rosa Thiago S. , Sousa Caio V. , Santos Patrick A. , Barbosa Lucas P. , Deus Lysleine A. , Rosa Erica C. , Andrade Rosângela V. , Simões Herbert G.
Published: January 2019

Aguiar, SS, Rosa, TS, Sousa, CV, Santos, PA, Barbosa, LP, Deus, LA, Rosa, EC, Andrade, RV, and Simões, HG. Influence of body fat on oxidative stress and telomere length of master athletes. J Strength Cond Res 35(6): 1693–1699, 2021—The present investigation analyzed the role of body fat and training history on biological aging of master athletes by comparing and verifying the relationships between markers of adiposity, oxidative balance, and telomere length (TL) in middle-aged runners and untrained individuals. Master athletes (sprinters and endurance runners, n = 21; 51.62 ± 8.19 years) and untrained age-matched controls (n = 11; 45.41 ± 10.34 years) had blood samples collected for biochemical and biomolecular analyzes. Pro-oxidant and antioxidant measures as well as DNA extraction were performed using commercial kits. Relative TL (T/S) was determined in leukocytes through quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses. Master athletes had lower body fat and longer TL than untrained controls (body fat: 12.21 ± 4.14% vs. 26.03 ± 4.29%; TL: 1.10 ± 0.84 vs. 0.56 ± 0.56 T/S; p < 0.05). Furthermore, master athletes also showed a better oxidative balance than untrained controls (p < 0.05). A negative correlation was observed between TL and body fat (r = −0.471; p = 0.007), and conicity index (r = −0.407; p = 0.021), catalase activity (r = −0.569; p = 0.001), and CAT/TBARS ratio (r = −0.463; p = 0.008) for the whole sample. In conclusion, master athletes have longer TL, better oxidative profile, and lower body fat than untrained individuals. Moreover, for this middle-aged sample, body fat was inversely correlated with both TL and markers of oxidative balance, demonstrating the key role of adiposity in biological aging.
Comparison of Physical Profiles of State-Level Netball Players by Position
Authors: Graham Scott , Duthie Grant , Aughey Robert , Zois James
Published: January 2019

Graham, S, Duthie, G, Aughey, R, and Zois, J. Comparison of physical profiles of state-level netball players by position. J Strength Cond Res 34(9): 2654–2662, 2020—Understanding the physical profiles of state-level netball athletes provides conditioning professionals with testing norms and an understanding of important capacities within particular positions. The purpose was to examine positional differences in physical capacities of state-level netball athletes. Forty-six state-level netball athletes completed physical capacity assessments in the second week of their preseason, over 2 seasons. Tests included stature, 20-m sprint (with 5 and 10 m splits), 505 change-of-direction, countermovement jump, single-leg bounding, and the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level one. A linear mixed-model with fixed and random effects was used in conjunction with magnitude-based inferences to determine meaningful differences with 90% confidence limits (CLs). Midcourt athletes were shorter in stature than shooters (effect size [ES]: 1.26, CL 0.88–1.63) and defenders (−2.58, −3.35 to −1.80). Midcourt athletes were faster than shooters and defenders in linear acceleration over 5 and 10 m distances and 505 change-of-direction (ES range: −0.34 to −0.59). Shooters presented poorer intermittent endurance than midcourt (−0.82, −1.34 to −0.31) and defenders (−0.56, −1.19 to 0.07). Defenders jumped higher than midcourt athletes (−0.56, −1.30 to 0.19) and shooters (−0.61, −1.18 to −0.04), and possessed greater bounding ability compared with shooters (ES range: −0.23 to −0.57). Midcourt athletes require a more holistic set of physical capacities including acceleration, change-of-direction, jumping, and intermittent endurance. For defender and shooter positions, results indicate physical requirements that may be more specific to their positions. Conditioning professionals can use these findings to target specific physical qualities to maximize position-specific performance.
Duration-Dependent Effects of Passive Static Stretching on Musculotendinous Stiffness and Maximal and Rapid Torque and Surface Electromyography Characteristics of the Hamstrings
Authors: Palmer Ty B. , Pineda Jose G. , Cruz Megan R. , Agu-Udemba Chinonye C.
Published: January 2019

Palmer, TB, Pineda, JG, Cruz, MR, and Agu-Udemba, CC. Duration-dependent effects of passive static stretching on musculotendinous stiffness and maximal and rapid torque and surface electromyography characteristics of the hamstrings.J Strength Cond Res33(3): 717–726, 2019—This study aimed to examine the effects of stretching duration on passive musculotendinous stiffness and maximal and rapid torque and surface electromyography (EMG) characteristics of the hamstrings. Thirteen young females (age = 21 ± 2 years) underwent 2 passive straight-leg raise (SLR) assessments and 2 isometric maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) of the hamstrings before and after 4 randomized conditions that included a control treatment and 3 experimental treatments of passive static stretching for 30-, 60-, and 120-second durations. Passive stiffness was calculated during each SLR as the slope of the final 10% of the angle-torque curve. Isometric peak torque (PT), rate of torque development (RTD), peak EMG amplitude (PEMG), and rate of EMG rise (RER) were extracted from each MVC. Results indicated that PT and PEMG were not affected (p= 0.993 and 0.422, respectively) by any of the experimental treatments. Rate of torque development and RER decreased from pre- to post-treatment for 120 seconds (p= 0.001 and 0.001) but not for the control (p= 0.616 and 0.466), 30- (p= 0.628 and 0.612), and 60-second (p= 0.396 and 0.815) interventions. The slope coefficient decreased from pre- to post-treatment for the 30- (p= 0.001), 60- (p= 0.002), and 120-second (p= 0.001) stretching interventions but not for the control (p= 0.649). Given the significant stiffness reductions and lack of changes in PT and RTD for the 30- and 60-second interventions, it may be advantageous for practitioners who are using hamstring passive stretching as part of a warm-up routine, to perform such stretching on their clients for short (30–60 seconds) rather than moderate (120-second) stretching durations.