bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validity of a questionnaire developed to measure the impact of a high‐fidelity simulation intervention: A feasibility study
Authors: Haddeland Kristine , Slettebø Åshild , Svensson Elisabeth , Carstens Patricia , Fossum Mariann
Published: May 2019

Aim

To evaluate the validity and responsiveness of a questionnaire developed to measure the impact of a high‐fidelity simulation intervention.

Design

A pre‐ and postintervention design.

Methods

In August 2017, 107 participants completed a questionnaire measuring knowledge and perceived self‐confidence pre‐ and postintervention. Validity of the questionnaire was determined by expert reviews, individual interviews and estimates of the changes in knowledge and perceived self‐confidence. The changes were estimated by the differences between paired proportions of participants. The responsiveness of the ordered categorical item scores on self‐confidence was evaluated by the measure of systematic group change and individual variations.

Results

The analysis of the interviews resulted in three themes: item content, item style and the administration of the questionnaire. An intervention effect on knowledge assessments was shown by the changes in paired proportions of participants with increased or decreased correct assessments (ranging from −25.5 ‐ 24.8 percentage units). The responsiveness of the self‐confidence scale was confirmed by evidence of post‐intervention systematic group changes towards higher levels.

Conclusion

This study provides useful experience for a forthcoming randomized controlled study to evaluate the effect of high‐fidelity simulation on undergraduate nursing students’ knowledge and self‐confidence when assessing patient deterioration.

Impact

Cause‐and‐effect relationship between simulation and learning is required to improve nursing education. A statistically significant rise in students’ knowledge and levels of self‐confidence after simulation were identified in this study. The study provided important aspects of future research study designs.
Managing genomes of conserved livestock breeds with historical introgression to decrease genetic overlap with other breeds
Authors: Wang Yu , Bennewitz Jörn , Wellmann Robin
Published: May 2019

Recovering the native genetic background of a breed and increasing the founder genome equivalent (FGE) that is contributed by a breed to the gene pool of the species can increase its value for conservation. The suitability of several strategies was compared, whereby a hypothetical multi‐breed population, the core set, was used to approximate the genetic diversity of the species. Twenty‐five generations of management were simulated based on genotypes of German Angler cattle. The scenarios were compared when the kinship reached 0.10. The native contribution (NC) increased in a population with 400 births per generation from 0.317 to 0.706, whereas 1,000 births enabled to reach 0.894. This scenario maximized the NC, constrained the native kinship, and the kinship of the core set so that its genetic diversity could not decrease. It increased the proportions of mainstream breeds because their genes were removed from the target breed. A substantial increase of the FGE was achieved in some other scenarios, which arose from reduced genetic overlap and from increased diversity within the breed. The latter factor is especially important for breeds with high contributions to the core set.
What will make patients use a patient decision aid? A qualitative study on patients' perspectives on implementation barriers and facilitators
Authors: Tong Wen Ting , Ng Chirk Jenn , Lee Yew Kong , Lee Ping Yein
Published: May 2019

Rationale, aims, and objectives

Few studies focus on patients' views on factors influencing implementation of patient decision aids (PDAs). This study aims to explore patients' views on the factors influencing implementation of an “insulin choice” PDA in a primary care setting.

Methods

This study used a descriptive qualitative study design. Interviews were conducted using a semistructured interview guide developed based on the theoretical domains framework. Nine in‐depth interviews and three focus group discussions were conducted with patients with type 2 diabetes who have been advised to start insulin or were currently using insulin and those who had been seeking diabetes treatment in the clinic for more than 1 year. Interviews were conducted after the participants were familiarized with the PDA. Data were analysed using a thematic approach.

Results

Five themes emerged from the data analysis: (a) trust in the physician (patients preferred physicians to other health care providers in delivering the insulin PDA to them as they trusted physicians more when it comes to making decisions such as starting insulin), (b) physician's attitude (patients were more likely to trust a physician who is friendly and sympathetic hence would be more willing to use the insulin PDA), (c) physician's communication style (patients were more willing to use the insulin PDA if the physicians would take time and guide them in the PDA use), (d) conducive environment (patients preferred to read the PDA at home), and (e) cost (patients would not be willing to pay to use the insulin PDA unless they needed it).

Conclusions

Patients want physicians to play a major role in the implementation of the insulin PDA; physicians' communication style and commitment may influence implementation outcomes. Health care authorities need to create a conducive environment and provide patients with free access to PDA to promote effective implementation.
Shared decision making: Does a physician's decision‐making style affect patient participation in treatment choices for primary immunodeficiency?
Authors: Lamb Christopher C. , Wang Yunmei , Lyytinen Kalle
Published: May 2019

Overall health care spending in the United States is equivalent to more than 15% of GDP, yet outcomes rank below the top 25 in most quality categories when compared with other Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. The majority of spending is consumed by small patient populations with chronic diseases. Experts believe increased patient‐physician shared decision making (SDM) should result in better overall longitudinal care but understanding the physician's role in facilitating SDM is limited. Structural equation modelling was applied to results of a 2016 questionnaire‐based survey of 330 US physicians who treat approximately 55% of primary immune deficiency requiring immune globulin therapy; it tested the relationship between slow/rational vs fast/intuitive decision‐making styles and SDM as mediated by patient‐centric care and moderated by physician's trust in the patient. The results showed a statistically significant relationship between slow/rational decision making and SDM. The results also suggest differences related to age, gender, education, and race but no differences related to trust.
Apixaban Concentrations with Lower than Recommended Dosing in Older Adults with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Sukumar Smrithi , Gulilat Markus , Linton Bradley , Gryn Steven E. , Dresser George K. , Alfonsi Jeffrey E. , Schwarz Ute I. , Kim Richard B. , Schwartz Janice B.
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVES

Lower than recommended doses of direct‐acting oral anticoagulants are often prescribed to older adults with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Our goal was to determine the consequences of lower than recommended dosing on plasma apixaban concentrations during the clinical care of older adults with NVAF.

DESIGN

Convenience sample of patients receiving anticoagulation during 2017.

SETTING

Academic medical center.

PARTICIPANTS

Stable adults older than 65 years with NVAF receiving apixaban on a chronic basis.

MEASUREMENTS

Patient age, weight, creatinine, co‐medications, and apixaban concentrations.

RESULTS

A total of 110 older adults with NVAF (mean age = 80.4 y; range = 66‐100 y with 45% women) were studied. Overall, 48 patients received recommended dosing of 5 mg twice/day, and 42 received lower than recommended dosing. One patient in each category had concentrations below the expected 5% to 95% range at time of peak concentrations. Differences in proportion of apixaban concentrations within or outside expected ranges were not significant between patients receiving lower than recommended doses and those dosed as recommended at 5 mg twice/day (P = .35). However, in patients dosed as recommended with 5 mg twice/day, four had concentrations above the 5% to 95% range for peak levels expected at 3 to 4 hours after dosing; in two, this occurred around the midpoint of the dosing interval. Twenty patients received 2.5 mg twice/day as recommended. One‐third had apixaban concentrations higher than expected peak concentrations compared with the clinical trials, and more than two‐thirds had levels above the reported median for peak concentrations.

CONCLUSIONS

Apixaban concentrations in older adults with NVAF seen clinically were higher than expected based on clinical trial data. The findings raise questions about the optimal dosing of apixaban in older adults with NVAF encountered outside of clinical trials and suggest a role for the monitoring of apixaban concentrations during care of patients that differ from those in randomized trials or when considering dosing outside of published guidelines. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1902–1906, 2019
Seemingly disparate temperatures recorded in coexisting granulite facies lithologies
Authors: Schorn Simon , Diener Johann F.A.
Published: May 2019

Phase equilibrium modelling of a conformable sequence of supracristal lithologies from the Bushmanland Subprovince of the Namaqua–Natal Metamorphic Complex (South Africa) reveals a disparity of some 60–70°C in estimated peak metamorphic temperature. Aluminous metapelites were equilibrated at ~770–790°C, whereas two‐pyroxene granulite and garnet–orthopyroxene–biotite gneiss record distinctly higher conditions of ~830–850°C. Semi‐pelite and Mg–Al‐rich gneisses yield poorly constrained estimates that span the range derived from other lithologies. All samples record peak pressure of ~5–6 kbar, and followed a roughly isobaric heating path from andalusite‐bearing greenschist/lower amphibolite facies conditions through a tight clockwise loop at near‐peak conditions, followed by near‐isobaric cooling. The disparity in peak temperatures appears to be robust, as the low‐variance assemblages in all samples reflect well‐known melting reactions that only occur over narrow temperature intervals. The stable coexistence of both products and reactants of these melting reactions indicates that they did not go to completion before metamorphism waned. Calculated pressure–enthalpy diagrams show that the melting reactions are strongly endothermic and therefore buffer temperature while heat is consumed by melting. Because the respective reactions occur at distinct P–T conditions and have different reactant assemblages, individual lithologies are thermally buffered at different temperatures and to different degrees, depending on the occurrence and abundance of reactant minerals. Our calculations show that all lithologies received essentially the same suprasolidus heat budget of 19 ± 1 kJ/mol, which led to the manifestation of lower peak temperatures in the more fertile and strongly buffered aluminous metapelites compared with more refractory rock types. If little to no thermal communication is assumed, this implies that lithology exerts a first‐order control over the heating path and the peak temperature that can be attained for a specific heat budget. Our results caution that the metamorphic conditions derived from pelitic granulites should not be assumed or extrapolated to larger sections of an orogenic crust that consist of other, more refractory lithologies.
Evaluation of a new diode laser for the treatment of lower extremity leg veins
Authors: Gold Michael H. , Biron Julie , Sensing Whitney
Published: May 2019

Introduction

Visible leg veins are a common cosmetic concern treated mostly by 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser that has become the chosen laser therapy for treating all leg veins up to 3 mm in size. The objective of the current prospective study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a new 1064 nm diode laser for leg veins and spider veins on the lower extremities.

Methods

A total of 15 female subjects seeking leg veins and spider veins treatment were recruited to this study. The treatment protocol included two treatment sessions 6 weeks apart and two follow‐up visits at three and 6 months after the last diode laser treatment. Results were evaluated by photographs and an investigator classification of the treated vascular lesions appearance on five scores scale from 0 (normal) to 4 (severe).

Results

Treatment area photos demonstrated improvement in vascular lesions appearance. Average vascular lesions classification was reduced by approximately one score from baseline score of 2.9 (score 3 is moderate) to an average score 2 (mild) at the 3‐month follow‐up visit. This improved classification sustained also at 6‐month follow‐up visit, indicating the long‐term effect of the treatment impact. No significant or unexpected adverse events were detected in any of the patients as a result of the treatments.

Conclusions

This study has demonstrated that the new 1064 nm diode laser is safe and effective for the treatment of leg vascular lesions on the lower extremities.
Therapeutics of premature hair graying: A long journey ahead
Authors: Kaur Kiranjeet , Kaur Rajveer , Bala Indu
Published: May 2019

Premature graying of hair has major psychosocial and socioeconomic repercussion, as it is considered as a sign of hastily progressing old age, ill health and often leads to loss of self‐esteem. Hair is said to gray prematurely when it happens before the age of 20 years in Caucasians, 25 years in Asians, and 30 years in Africans. The hair color chiefly depends on melanin pigment, and fabrication of this pigment takes place in melanosomes through the process of melanogenesis. This complex biochemical pathway (melanogenesis) is further dependent on tyrosinase which acts as fuel.The normal human scalp is subjected to various factors categorized as intrinsic and extrinsic leading to graying of hair. Intrinsic factors comprise of variants responsible for changes at genetic level while extrinsic factors include air pollution, ultraviolet radiation, smoking, and nutrition. It has been proposed that direct or indirect effect of all these factors results in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus leading to further damage. Though research has expanded in last few years in terms of microscopic, biochemical (hormonal, enzymatic), and molecular changes happening within hair follicle/shaft, still the exact mechanism leading to premature graying of hair is not well understood. Probable solutions toward this quandary are diet, herbal remedies, and temporary hair colorants. Ironically, the latter one being the most common has various side effects such as allergic reactions, inflammation, and hair loss. The aim of this paper was to review the manifestation and probable future interventions in preventing premature hair graying.
From abstract to recognizable: Modeling tendencies of a basic salt solution and a tomato soup based on affective reactions
Authors: Barnett Sasha M. , Diako Charles , Ross Carolyn F.
Published: May 2019

The objective of this study was to understand the crossmodal interaction between salt taste and shape, specifically, the relationship between consumer affective reactions to a salt solution and a tomato soup. Panelists rated samples for acceptance of basic tastes and overall liking, and molded modeling clay into a shape that best reflected their sensory experience. Data were analyzed using a multinomial logit model and a two proportion z test. Shapes molded were categorized into six groups: round, flat, long, pointy, abstract, and recognizable. For solutions, liking of saltiness significantly increased the tendency of molding a recognizable shape over an abstract shape. For tomato soups, higher overall liking increased the tendency of a recognizable shape being molded. Panelists differed in their affective reactions to a salt solution and tomato soup, and the subsequent translation of these reactions into physical shapes, supporting the existence of a crossmodal interaction between taste and shape formation.

Practical Application

Information from this research will be useful in understanding the affective responses to salt. The application of modeling clay in food product development can give another avenue by which panelists can express the integration of perceptions, especially in food products that have been reduced in salt. This information may also aid in packaging development as packages could be shaped into forms that are related to higher acceptance or into forms commonly associated with the prevailing taste present in a food product so as to convey sensory information to the consumer prior to purchase.
Pruning deep convolutional neural networks for efficient edge computing in condition assessment of infrastructures
Authors: Wu Rih‐Teng , Singla Ankush , Jahanshahi Mohammad R. , Bertino Elisa , Ko Bong Jun , Verma Dinesh
Published: May 2019

Health monitoring of civil infrastructures is a key application of Internet of things (IoT), while edge computing is an important component of IoT. In this context, swarms of autonomous inspection robots, which can replace current manual inspections, are examples of edge devices. Incorporation of pretrained deep learning algorithms into these robots for autonomous damage detection is a challenging problem since these devices are typically limited in computing and memory resources. This study introduces a solution based on network pruning using Taylor expansion to utilize pretrained deep convolutional neural networks for efficient edge computing and incorporation into inspection robots. Results from comprehensive experiments on two pretrained networks (i.e., VGG16 and ResNet18) and two types of prevalent surface defects (i.e., crack and corrosion) are presented and discussed in detail with respect to performance, memory demands, and the inference time for damage detection. It is shown that the proposed approach significantly enhances resource efficiency without decreasing damage detection performance.
The Arabidopsis defensin gene AtPDF2.5 mediates cadmium tolerance and accumulation
Authors: Luo Jin‐Song , Yang Yong , Gu Tianyu , Wu Zhimin , Zhang Zhenhua
Published: May 2019

Although excess cadmium (Cd) accumulation is harmful to plants, the molecular mechanisms underlying Cd detoxification and accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana remain largely undetermined. In this study, we demonstrated that the A. thaliana PLANT DEFENSIN 2 gene AtPDF2.5 is involved in Cd tolerance and accumulation. In vitro Cd‐binding assays revealed that AtPDF2.5 has Cd‐chelating activity. Site‐directed mutagenesis of AtPDF2.5 identified eight cysteine residues that were essential for mediating Cd tolerance and chelation. Histochemical analysis demonstrated that AtPDF2.5 was mainly expressed in root xylem vascular bundles, and that AtPDF2.5 was significantly induced by Cd. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that AtPDF2.5 was localized to the cell wall. The overexpression of AtPDF2.5 significantly enhanced Cd tolerance and accumulation in A. thaliana and its heterologous overexpression in rice increased Cd accumulation; however, the functional disruption of AtPDF2.5 decreased Cd tolerance and accumulation. Physiological analysis suggested that AtPDF2.5 promoted Cd efflux from the protoplast and its subsequent accumulation in the cell wall. These data suggest that AtPDF2.5 promotes cytoplasmic Cd efflux via chelation, thereby enhancing Cd detoxification and apoplastic accumulation.
Nationwide survey of fetal myelomeningocele in Japan: Background for fetal surgery
Authors: Takahashi Yuka Otera , Wada Seiji , Miya Michiko , Akaishi Rina , Sugibayashi Rika , Ozawa Katsusuke , Endo Masayuki , Sago Haruhiko
Published: May 2019

Background

Fetal surgery for myelomeningocele (MMC) has yet not been performed in Japan, and the clinical background of fetal MMC in Japan remains poorly described. We examined the prenatal characteristics and perinatal outcomes of fetal MMC to prepare for the introduction of fetal surgery.

Methods

A nationwide questionnaire survey was conducted with regard to fetuses with MMC between January 2012 and December 2014 at perinatal centers in Japan.

Results

In 50 tertiary centers, 188 cases of MMC were identified, of which 126 (67%) were isolated cases. Only half of the cases involved referral to tertiary centers with a diagnosis of MMC. The median time point for a prenatal diagnosis was 26 weeks’ gestation (range, 12–38 weeks); in 54% of cases the diagnosis occurred after 26 gestational weeks, which is over the limit for fetal surgery for MMC. Furthermore, in 22% of cases the diagnosis was made before 22 gestational weeks, and in three‐quarters of these cases termination of pregnancy was selected. No fetal or neonatal deaths were observed in the isolated MMC group. MMC repair, ventriculoperitoneal shunt and clean intermittent catheterization were required after birth in 100%, 73% and 55% of isolated MMC cases, respectively. In total, 96% of the tertiary centers cared for <5 cases of fetal MMC per year.

Conclusions

Gestational age at MMC diagnosis was late mid‐gestation, therefore earlier detection is essential when considering fetal treatment of MMC in Japan. Although the survival rate was excellent, in three‐quarters of isolated MMC cases ventriculoperitoneal shunt was required. Early detection and centralization of MMC cases at specialized centers should be considered.
Cyclic Pricing When Customers Queue with Rating Information
Authors: Huang Fengfeng , Guo Pengfei , Wang Yulan
Published: May 2019

Consider a situation where a service provider serves two types of customers, sophisticated and naive. Sophisticated customers are well‐informed of service‐related information and make their joining‐or‐balking decisions strategically, whereas naive customers do not have such information and rely on online rating information to make such decisions. We demonstrate that under certain conditions a service provider can increase its profitability by simply “dancing” its price, that is, replacing the static pricing strategy with a high‐low cyclic pricing strategy. The success of this strategy relies on two key conditions: the potential market size is large enough so that congestion is a key concern in the service system, and the rating provides the average price and average utility information. Finally, we show that the cyclic pricing strategy is not socially optimal.
Operationalizing Learning from Rare Events: Framework for Middle Humanitarian Operations Managers
Authors: Labib Ashraf , Hadleigh‐Dunn Sara , Mahfouz Amr , Gentile Marco
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the learning from rare events and the knowledge management process involved, which presents a significant challenge to many organizations. This is primarily attributed to the inability to interpret these events in a systematic and “rich” manner, which this paper seeks to address. We start by summarizing the relevant literature on humanitarian operations management (HOM), outlining the evolution of the socio‐technical disaster lifecycle and its relationship with humanitarian operations, using a supply chain resilience theoretical lens. We then outline theories of organizational learning (and unlearning) from disasters and the impact on humanitarian operations. Subsequently, we theorize the role of middle managers in humanitarian operations, which is the main focus of our paper. The main methodology incorporates a hybrid of two techniques for root cause analysis, applied to two related case studies. The cases were specifically selected as, despite occurring twenty years apart, there are many similarities in the chain of causation and supporting factors, potentially suggesting that adequate learning from experience and failures is not occurring. This provides a novel learning experience within the HOM paradigm. Hence, the proposed approach is based on a multilevel structure that facilitates the operationalization of learning from rare events in humanitarian operations. The results show that we are able to provide an environment for multiple interpretations and effective learning, with emphasis on middle managers within a humanitarian operations and crisis/disaster management context.
Examining the Link between Retailer Inventory Leanness and Operational Efficiency: Moderating Roles of Firm Size and Demand Uncertainty
Authors: Chuang Howard Hao‐Chun , Oliva Rogelio , Heim Gregory R.
Published: May 2019

Retail inventories have been consistently dropping, relative to sales, since the 1990s. Whether these lean inventory developments translate to better retailer operational performance is still an open question. We empirically examine associations between inventory leanness and operational efficiency for a sample of public US retailers from 2000 to 2013. Via a stochastic frontier analysis that accounts for retailer heterogeneity and time parameters, we find support for the hypothesis that operational efficiency has an inverted U‐shape relationship with inventory leanness, suggesting an optimal inventory leanness level beyond which retailer operational efficiency degrades. This relationship, however, is heavily moderated by firm size and demand uncertainty. The former reflects a retailer's abilities to exploit economies of scale and scope, whereas the latter reflects the unpredictability in a firm's operating environment. Our evidence suggests that when increasing inventory leanness, small retailers exhibit efficiency degradation, whereas larger retailers are likely to exhibit efficiency improvement, with diminishing returns. We also find that under high demand uncertainty, being less lean is associated with higher operational efficiency, regardless of firm size. The findings show that depending on firm size and demand uncertainty, retail managers should take special care when pursuing inventory leanness. As part of post hoc robustness tests, we assess how different retail categories vary in their operational efficiency scores and conduct interviews with retail executives who further ground our econometric investigation and point to more nuanced moderators for future studies. We conclude by discussing the implications of our industry model estimation for managers and researchers.
The Lotus japonicus nucleoporin GLE1 is involved in symbiotic association with rhizobia
Authors: Imai Akito , Ohtani Mai , Nara Asami , Tsukakoshi Anna , Narita Aya , Hirakawa Hideki , Sato Shusei , Suganuma Norio
Published: May 2019

Nucleoporins are components of the nuclear pore complexes, channels that regulate the transport of macromolecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm. The nucleoporin GLE1 (GLFG lethal1) functions in the export of messenger RNAs containing poly(A) tails from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. Here we investigated a mutant of the model legume Lotus japonicus that was defective in GLE1, which we designated Ljgle1. The growth of Ljgle1 was retarded under symbiotic association with rhizobia, and the nitrogen‐fixation activities of the nodules were around one‐third of those in the wild‐type plant. The growth of Ljgle1 was not substantialy recovered by supplemention of combined nitrogen. Nodules formed on the Ljgle1 were smaller than those on the wild‐type and colored faint pink. The numbers of infected cells of nodules on the Ljgle1 were smaller than on the wild‐type plant, and the former cells remained undeveloped. Rhizobia in the cells of the Ljgle1 exhibited disordered forms, and the symbiosome membrane was closely attached to the bacterial membrane. These results indicate that GLE1 plays a distinct role in the symbiotic association between legumes and rhizobia.
Rapid target selection of object categories based on verbs: Implications for language‐categorization interactions
Authors: van Bergen Geertje , Flecken Monique , Wu Rachel
Published: May 2019

Although much is known about how nouns facilitate object categorization, very little is known about how verbs (e.g., posture verbs such as stand or lie) facilitate object categorization. Native Dutch speakers are a unique population to investigate this issue with because the configurational categories distinguished by staan (to stand) and liggen (to lie) are inherent in everyday Dutch language. Using an ERP component (N2pc), four experiments demonstrate that selection of posture verb categories is rapid (between 220–320 ms). The effect was attenuated, though present, when removing the perceptual distinction between categories. A similar attenuated effect was obtained in native English speakers, where the category distinction is less familiar, and when category labels were implicit for native Dutch speakers. Our results are among the first to demonstrate that category search based on verbs can be rapid, although extensive linguistic experience and explicit labels may not be necessary to facilitate categorization in this case.
Characterising the genetic basis of immune response variation to identify causal mechanisms underlying disease susceptibility
Authors: Rotival Maxime
Published: May 2019

Over the last 10 years, genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds of susceptibility loci for autoimmune diseases. However, despite increasing power for the detection of both common and rare coding variants affecting disease susceptibility, a large fraction of disease heritability has remained unexplained. In addition, a majority of the identified loci are located in noncoding regions, and translation of disease‐associated loci into new biological insights on the etiology of immune disorders has been lagging. This highlights the need for a better understanding of noncoding variation and new strategies to identify causal genes at disease loci. In this review, I will first detail the molecular basis of gene expression and review the various mechanisms that contribute to alter gene activity at the transcriptional and post‐transcriptional level. I will then review the findings from 10 years of functional genomics studies regarding the genetics on gene expression, in particular in the context of infection. Finally, I will discuss the extent to which genetic variants that modulate gene expression at transcriptional and post‐transcriptional level contribute to disease susceptibility and present strategies to leverage this information for the identification of causal mechanisms at disease loci in the era of whole genome sequencing.
Las conceptas de Pasto defensoras de la justa causa durante la guerra de Independencia, 1812-1824
Authors: Zarama Rincón Rosa Isabel
Published: May 2019

Este artículo es una contribución a las investigaciones en torno a la participación de las mujeres en la guerra de Independencia. El objetivo es analizar la posición realista de las religiosas conceptas de Pasto (Colombia) y explicar las manifestaciones de esa adherencia. Ese compromiso político se extendió a lo largo de doce años (1812-1824), sin embargo, adquirió mayor relevancia en los dos últimos años de la contienda. La derrota de sus aliados las obligó a aceptar el nuevo gobierno, pero no salieron ilesas del conflicto: resultaron derrotadas políticamente y sus bienes fueron saqueados.
Los exiliados del Risorgimento. El mazzinianesismo en el Cono Sur
Authors: Bonvini Alessandro
Published: May 2019

Entre 1835 y 1848, decenas de exiliados del movimiento mazziniano salieron de la península italiana para instalarse en Uruguay. Desde Montevideo continuaron su lucha política fundando nuevos periódicos, estableciendo alianzas con otros grupos de la diáspora republicana y formando fuerzas militares que tomaron parte en los conflictos locales. El exilio en tierra rioplatense fue una experiencia fundamental para la reactivación de la Joven Italia y el desarrollo del republicanismo en el mundo atlántico, pues creó nuevas conexiones políticas entre el Viejo Continente y el Nuevo Mundo.
La conceptualización de la mentira en tiempos de la posverdad
Authors: González de Requena Farré Juan Antonio
Published: May 2019

Este artículo se propone sistematizar distintas opciones de conceptualización de la mentira para así clarificar el sentido de la posverdad contemporánea. Ante las limitaciones de la reconstrucción histórica de las acepciones de la mentira legadas por la tradición filosófica y debido a que el análisis conceptual corre el riesgo de fetichizar la afirmación mentirosa, apostamos por enriquecer la conceptualización de la mentira a través de la descripción lexicográfica del sentido prototípico y de las variantes del vocabulario idiomático de la mentira. Al distinguir las condiciones formales del decir una mentira y los matices situacionales de la realización del mentir, se puede reconocer en la posverdad contemporánea un nuevo régimen de la mentira.
Nietzsche e Boscovich: das ações físicas aos preconceitos sensoriais
Authors: Feiler Adilson Felicio
Published: May 2019

A tradução de Nietzsche, da teoria da física da matéria, que se depreende da física de Roger Joseph Boscovich para a linguagem de uma atomística sensorial, provoca o desvelamento de vários preconceitos morais. Para Boscovich os pontos materiais são sintomas de uma ação que não é pertencente ao ponto em si, mas se dá à distância, como resultado de um atuar de um ponto A sobre um ponto B e vice versa. Nietzsche, apropriando-se da física de Boscovich, equipara a sua dinamicidade temporal à teoria da sensação. Neste sentido, os pontos sensoriais são providos de ação e toda a ação é uma ação sensorial à distância, como resultado de um atuar de um sobre um outro. Não reconhecer esta diversidade sensorial seria falsear a constituição física dos organismos. Este desreconhecimento não estaria ligado à origem de nossos preconceitos morais?
Paranoia: emociones públicas y universidad
Authors: González Montero Sebastián Alejandro , Bula Germán Ulises
Published: May 2019

En este artículo se abordan los retos recientes que enfrenta la universidad en las actividades de docencia, investigación y extensión. Se adopta un punto de vista hermenéutico para realizar un análisis político de las emociones con el objetivo de mostrar que en el contexto actual de la educación superior en Colombia se somete a las comunidades académicas a presiones sociales cuyo resultado es la emergencia de comportamientos patológicos. La discusión central se desarrolla en dos partes: en primer lugar, se caracteriza el concepto de paranoia; justificadas algunas definiciones, en segundo lugar, se consideran las condiciones institucionales en las que la paranoia se hace evidente bajo la forma de potenciales psicológicos. Las conclusiones se centran en el hecho de que en determinadas condiciones de competitividad y jerarquía, los seres humanos experimentamos emociones negativas y disminución en las posibilidades de desarrollo de capacidades.
Los Procesos de Moscú: mentira y propaganda. El caso Trotsky desde la perspectiva de la Comisión Dewey
Authors: Pineda Rivera Diego Antonio
Published: May 2019

Este artículo examina un caso específico de mentira, a la vez judicial y mediática, propiciada desde las altas esferas del poder político: el caso León Trotsky, desde la perspectiva del trabajo que hizo la Comisión Internacional de Investigación presidida por el filósofo norteamericano John Dewey. Después de una justificación y contextualización general del tema, y de un recuento histórico de los acontecimientos que rodearon los “Procesos de Moscú” y la constitución de la Comisión Dewey, se da cuenta de algunas de las razones por las cuales dicha comisión estableció que tales procesos habían sido montajes judiciales. Se concluye con una referencia al modo como Dewey denunció posteriormente la falsificación mediática de estos acontecimientos a través del libro (y la película) Misión en Moscú.
La verdad en política: sobre mentira y política en algunos diálogos platónicos
Authors: Gómez Pérez Gustavo
Published: May 2019

En este artículo propongo la tesis de que la verdad en política se constituye intersubjetivamente, en relaciones irreductibles a la oposición entre verdad y falsedad o veracidad y mentira. En primer lugar, examino el vínculo entre verdad factual y política, y planteo que esta verdad, transversal a toda experiencia, tiende a sedimentarse como saber de trasfondo. A continuación, esbozo una lectura de la Apología según la cual la verdad en política depende de un horizonte normativo y epistemológico intersubjetivo, que se comunica indirectamente de manera gestual. Seguidamente, en referencia a la República y el Gorgias, indago sobre los vínculos semánticos que unen ficción y mentira, y explico que la expresión de la verdad en política exige un esfuerzo poético que hace borrosos los límites que separan veracidad y mentira. Finalmente, desde la aproximación al Hipias menor propuesta por Agamben, concluyo que la institución de la verdad en política involucra diversas capacidades expresivas e interpretativas.
Constant Heat Input Friction Stir Welding of Variable Thickness AZ31 Sheets Through In-Process Tool Rotation Control
Authors: Buffa Gianluca , Campanella Davide , Forcellese Archimede , Fratini Livan , Simoncini Michela , Barcellona Antonio
Published: May 2019

Tailored blanks characterized by variable thickness were friction stir welded (FSWed) with the aim to obtain constant joint properties along the weld seam, regardless of the thickness change. To pursue this goal, the heat input was kept constant by in-process control of tool rotation. A dedicated numerical model of the process was used to determine the tool rotation values as a function of the sheet thickness. The mechanical properties and the microstructure of the FSWed joints, produced with varying process parameters, were studied. It was found that the proposed approach can produce joints with uniform properties along the weld line in terms of stress–strain curve shape, joint strength, elongation at failure, and microstructure.
Are Medical Grade Bioabsorbable Polymers a Viable Material for Fused Filament Fabrication?
Authors: Schachtner Jaclyn , Frohbergh Michael , Hickok Noreen , Kurtz Steven
Published: May 2019

Lumbar fusion surgery has grown in popularity as a solution to lower back pain. Surgical site infection (SSI) is a serious complication of spinal surgery, affecting as high as 8.5% of the patient population. If the SSI cannot be eradicated with intravenous antibiotics, the next step is second surgery, which increases the cost imposed on the patient and extends recovery time. An implantable ultrasound-triggered polyether ether ketone device for the dispersal of antibiotics has been developed as a potential solution. In this study, the device was constructed of bioabsorbable medical grade polymer, enabling gradual degradation, and manufactured via fused filament fabrication (FFF). A novel bioabsorbable filament was manufactured and validated with gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The filament was consistent in molecular weight and thermal properties (p = 0.348 and p = 0.487, respectively). The filament was utilized for FFF of the device. Dimensional accuracy of the device was assessed with μCT analysis. Dimensional differences between the printed device and intended design were minimal. Degradation of raw material, filament, and the device was performed in accordance to ASTM F1635-16 for a month to determine how melting the material impacted the degradation properties. The degradation rate was found to be similar among the samples weeks one through three however, the raw material degraded at a slower rate by the final week (p = 0.039). This study demonstrated the feasibility of utilizing medical grade bioabsorbable polymers in FFF.
Mechanosensory circuits coordinate two opposing motor actions in
Drosophila
feeding
Authors: Zhou Yao , Cao Li-Hui , Sui Xiu-Wen , Guo Xiao-Qing , Luo Dong-Gen
Published: May 2019

Mouth mechanoreception wires two distinct central motor circuits to facilitate and terminate
Drosophila
feeding.
Echinocandins for the Treatment of Invasive Aspergillosis: from Laboratory to Bedside
Authors: Aruanno Marion , Glampedakis Emmanouil , Lamoth Frédéric
Published: May 2019

Echinocandins (caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin), targeting β-1,3-glucan synthesis of the cell wall, represent one of the three currently available antifungal drug classes for the treatment of invasive fungal infections. Despite their limited antifungal activity against
Aspergillus
spp., echinocandins are considered an alternative option for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis (IA).
Evaluation of the Sofia S. pneumoniae FIA for Detection of Pneumococcal Antigen in Patients with Bloodstream Infection
Authors: Olofsson Emma , Özenci Volkan , Athlin Simon
Published: May 2019

The usefulness of pneumococcal urinary antigen tests (UATs) in severe pneumococcal infection relies heavily on the performance in bacteremic patients. Fluorescence technology and automatic reading of test results may improve UAT performance. We evaluated the automatically read Sofia
S. pneumoniae
FIA for diagnosing pneumococcal bloodstream infection (BSI) in hospitalized adult patients.
Whole-Genome Sequences of Salmonella enterica Serovar I 4,[5],12:i:− Isolates from Swine
Authors: Gonzalez Selma , Harvey Roger B. , Scott H. Morgan , Lawhon Sara D. , Vinasco Javier , Mariño-Ramírez Leonardo , Norman Keri N.
Published: May 2019

Salmonella enterica
(non-Typhi) is one of the top five pathogens causing enteric infections worldwide. Draft whole-genome sequences of multidrug-resistant (MDR)
Salmonella enterica
serovar I 4,[5],12:i:− isolates from swine tissue samples collected at slaughter were evaluated for antimicrobial resistance genotypes.
Thoracic idiopathic spinal cord herniation in a young patient: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge
Authors: Gomez-Amarillo D , Garcia-Baena C , Volcinschi-Moros D , Hakim F
Published: May 2019

Idiopathic Spinal Cord Herniation (ISCH) is considered to be a rare cause of Thoracic Myelopathy. It is secondary to the gliding of the Spinal Cord through an anterior dural defect, without a completely defined cause. We present a case of ISCH which, even though was in its usual location, developed in a woman at a younger age than expected. The patient was 20 years old when diagnosed with Brown-Séquard Syndrome. MRI showed herniation at T4-T5 level, which was corrected using a posterior approach to expose the dural defect, reduce the herniation and place a heterologous graft. Postoperatively, neurological function improved, and adequate reduction was seen on imaging. Given the reports of recurrence and deterioration that have been seen after 18 months, follow-up was prolonged for a total of 2 years. We consider postoperative MRI performance important to establish the degree of reduction and alignment of the Spinal Cord.
Xanthoma disseminatum with neurological involvement and optic atrophy: improvement with cladribine
Authors: Patra Suman , Bhatia Saurabh , Khaitan Binod K , Bhari Neetu
Published: May 2019

A 9-year-old boy presented with multiple hyperpigmented papules over flexors with polyuria, polydipsia and progressive loss of vision. Histopathology of papule suggested a diagnosis of non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis and systemic evaluation showed central diabetes insipidus and optic atrophy. With a diagnosis of xanthoma disseminatum with significant neurological involvement, he received cladribine therapy and showed significant improvement in both cutaneous and nervous system lesions.
Odontogenic myxomas: what is the ideal treatment?
Authors: Tavakoli Milad , Williamson Raymond
Published: May 2019

There is no consensus regarding the ideal treatment for odontogenic myxomas, an odontogenic mesenchymal neoplasm. Various authors have suggested en bloc resection due to a concern regarding inadequate clearance while others have suggested more conservative treatment. We present a case managed by buccal cortical resection and an iliac crest bone graft. The patient had no recurrence for over 7 years.
Communication of a mesothelioma diagnosis: developing recommendations to improve the patient experience
Authors: Taylor Bethany Hope , Warnock Clare , Tod Angela
Published: May 2019

Background

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive cancer linked to asbestos exposure and inhalation. As with other cancers, receiving a diagnosis of MPM is challenging and distressing. Particular challenges are associated with communicating a diagnosis of MPM, including explaining the disease and its prognosis, treatment options and legal and financial implications.ReceivingA DiagnosisOfMesothelioma (RADIO Meso) aimed to understand the experience of communicating a diagnosis of MPM from the perspective of patients, family carers and health professionals.

Methods

This qualitative study comprised 31 individual interviews with patients, family carers and health professionals. This was followed by two group interviews (n=42) and an electronic consultation exercise (n=39).

Results

This study provides unique insight into the mesothelioma diagnostic experience of patients, family carers and health professionals. Key findings include the importance of regarding diagnosis as a process, and provision of continuity and consistency. The clinical nurse specialist and effective multidisciplinary team working provided vital contributions to successful mesothelioma diagnostic communication. Facilitators to diagnostic communication included honesty and timeliness in communication, partnership working and maintaining a patient-centred approach. Challenges to enhancing mesothelioma diagnosis communication included accessing ongoing training, ensuring a suitable clinical environment and being able to allocate appropriate time.

Conclusion

The RADIO Meso study highlights factors that influence the communication of a diagnosis of MPM from the perspectives of individual patients and family carers. These findings provide the basis for a set of recommendations that can be used by health professionals to improve the MPM diagnostic experience.
Function Theory for Multiloop Feynman Integrals
Authors: Duhr Claude
Published: May 2019

Precise predictions for collider observables require the computation of higher orders in perturbation theory. This task usually involves the evaluation of complicated multiloop integrals, which typically give rise to complicated special functions. This article discusses recent progress in understanding the mathematics underlying multiloop Feynman integrals and discusses a class of functions that generalizes the logarithm and that often appears in multiloop computations. The same class of functions is an active area of research in modern mathematics, which has led to the development of new powerful tools to compute Feynman integrals. These tools are at the heart of some of the most complicated computations ever performed for a hadron collider.
A Rare Case of Ovarian Serous Borderline Tumor with Brain Metastasis
Authors: Veran-Taguibao Sonia , Taguibao Roberto Alvaro A. , Gallegos Nicolas , Farzaneh Ted , Kim Ronald , Lin Fritz , Lu Di
Published: May 2019

Background. Serous borderline tumor represents a group of noninvasive tumor of the ovary bridging between benign serous cystadenoma and serous carcinoma. They are commonly seen in younger women and usually have an excellent outcome but seldom show local recurrence (J. F. Leake et al. 1991). Metastasis to the lymph nodes has rarely been reported (M. D. Chamberlin et al., 2001; M. B. Verbruggen et al., 2006). Moreover, the brain is exceptionally a rare metastatic site for ovarian tumor. There is one case of an advanced staged SBT with micropapillary pattern metastasis to the brain recently and by far it is the most distant metastasis reported (M. D. Martin et al., 2017). However, to the best of our knowledge, no report has been documented for a recurrent stage 1 typical SBT metastasizing to the brain.