bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introgressive hybridization in the west Pacific pen shells (genus Atrina): Restricted interspecies gene flow within the genome
Authors: Sekino Masashi , Hashimoto Kazumasa , Nakamichi Reiichiro , Yamamoto Masayuki , Fujinami Yuichiro , Sasaki Takenori
Published: March 2023

A compelling interest in marine biology is to elucidate how species boundaries between sympatric free‐spawning marine invertebrates such as bivalve molluscs are maintained in the face of potential hybridization. Hybrid zones provide the natural resources for us to study the underlying genetic mechanisms of reproductive isolation between hybridizing species. Against this backdrop, we examined the occurrence of introgressive hybridization (introgression) between two bivalves distributed in the western Pacific margin, Atrina japonica and Atrina lischkeana, based on single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) derived from restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing. Using 1066 ancestry‐informative SNP sites, we also investigated the extent of introgression within the genome to search for SNP sites with reduced interspecies gene flow. A series of our individual‐level clustering analyses including the principal component analysis, Bayesian model‐based clustering, and triangle plotting based on ancestry–heterozygosity relationships for an admixed population sample from the Seto Inland Sea (Japan) consistently suggested the presence of specimens with varying degrees of genomic admixture, thereby implying that the two species are not completely isolated. The Bayesian genomic cline analysis identified 10 SNP sites with reduced introgression, each of which was located within a genic region or an intergenic region physically close to a functional gene. No, or very few, heterozygotes were observed at these sites in the hybrid zone, suggesting that selection acts against heterozygotes. Accordingly, we raised the possibility that the SNP sites are within genomic regions that are incompatible between the two species. Our finding of restricted interspecies gene flow at certain genomic regions gives new insight into the maintenance of species boundaries in hybridizing broadcast‐spawning molluscs.
Introduction to the symposium “What makes a philosopher (good or bad)? Philosophical virtues and vices: Past and present”
Authors: Verburgt Lukas M.
Published: March 2023

The main ambition of the eight articles in this collection is to bring together two currently distinct bodies of literature—on scholarly virtues and vices in the sciences and the humanities, and on epistemic virtues and vices—and to jointly connect them to recent work in (revisionary) historiography of philosophy. This introduction briefly reflects on this ambition, providing background and context, and offers a short overview of the eight articles.
Negative regulation of biofilm development by the CUG‐Ser1 clade‐specific histone H3 variant is dependent on the canonical histone chaperone CAF‐1 complex in Candida albicans
Authors: Singha Rima , Aggarwal Rashi , Sanyal Kaustuv
Published: March 2023

The CUG‐Ser1 clade‐specific histone H3 variant (H3VCTG) has been reported to be a negative regulator of planktonic to biofilm growth transition in Candida albicans. The preferential binding of H3VCTG at the biofilm gene promoters makes chromatin repressive for the biofilm mode of growth. The two evolutionarily conserved chaperone complexes involved in incorporating histone H3 are CAF‐1 and HIRA. In this study, we sought to identify the chaperone complex(es) involved in loading H3VCTG. We demonstrate that C. albicans cells lacking either Cac1 or Cac2 subunit of the CAF‐1 chaperone complex, exhibit a hyper‐filamentation phenotype on solid surfaces and form more robust biofilms than wild‐type cells, thereby mimicking the phenotype of the H3VCTG null mutant. None of the subunits of the HIRA chaperone complex shows any significant difference in biofilm growth as compared to the wild type. The occupancy of H3VCTG is found to be significantly reduced at the promoters of biofilm genes in the absence of CAF‐1 subunits. Hence, we provide evidence that CAF‐1, a chaperone known to load canonical histone H3 in mammalian cells, is involved in chaperoning of variant histone H3VCTG at the biofilm gene promoters in C. albicans. Our findings also illustrate the acquisition of an unconventional role of the CAF‐1 chaperone complex in morphogenesis in C. albicans.
Effect of vagus nerve stimulation in patient with prolonged postictal encephalopathy
Authors: Kang Mi‐Ri , Ji Ki‐Hwan
Published: March 2023

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has rarely been used in adult patients with status epilepticus (SE). Although evidence for VNS's effect on consciousness is largely lacking, VNS implantation may be considered an option in a prolonged unconscious state after SE. Here, we present the case of a woman with prolonged SE whose consciousness incompletely recovered after seizure cessation with conventional therapy but fully recovered after activation of VNS.
Contrasting effector profiles between bacterial colonisers of kiwifruit reveal redundant roles converging on PTI‐suppression and RIN4
Authors: Jayaraman Jay , Yoon Minsoo , Hemara Lauren M. , Bohne Deborah , Tahir Jibran , Chen Ronan K. Y. , Brendolise Cyril , Rikkerink Erik H. A. , Templeton Matthew D.
Published: March 2023

Testing effector knockout strains of the Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae biovar 3 (Psa3) for reduced in planta growth in their native kiwifruit host revealed a number of nonredundant effectors that contribute to Psa3 virulence. Conversely, complementation in the weak kiwifruit pathogen P. syringae pv. actinidifoliorum (Pfm) for increased growth identified redundant Psa3 effectors.

Psa3 effectors hopAZ1a and HopS2b and the entire exchangeable effector locus (ΔEEL; 10 effectors) were significant contributors to bacterial colonisation of the host and were additive in their effects on virulence. Four of the EEL effectors (HopD1a, AvrB2b, HopAW1a and HopD2a) redundantly contribute to virulence through suppression of pattern‐triggered immunity (PTI).

Important Psa3 effectors include several redundantly required effectors early in the infection process (HopZ5a, HopH1a, AvrPto1b, AvrRpm1a and HopF1e). These largely target the plant immunity hub, RIN4.

This comprehensive effector profiling revealed that Psa3 carries robust effector redundancy for a large portion of its effectors, covering a few functions critical to disease.
Extremally rare cause of AV block during typical atrial flutter ablation not related to conduction tissue injury
Authors: Choudhary Khushal , Santiago Leonell Freytes , Reade Daniel , Tojcic Dejan , Jallad Ahmad , Budzikowski Adam S.
Published: March 2023

Background

51‐year‐old female with extensive prior atrial surgery involving myxoma resection and patch septum repair and prior typical atrial flutter as well as peripatch reentry underwent redo radiofrequency ablation of typical atrial flutter.

Methods

After high density mapping was performed, and gap in the prior typical flutter line was ablated.

Result

During the ablation transient atrioventricular (AV) block was noted. Subsequent remapping of the right atrium revealed that there was a narrow strip of tissue between the cavo‐tricuspid isthmus (CTI) and the coronary sinus (CS) os on which activation of the AV node was now depending. From all other directions, the AV node was surrounded by scar tissue.

Conclusions

The most likely explanation for the transient AV block during the ablation procedure is that there was reversible injury to the tissue strip between the CTI and the CS os, which is critical for the activation of the AV node.
Health as a movement between suffering of life and meaning in life for men who have experienced transitions in life
Authors: Koskinen Camilla , Nyholm Linda , Thorkildsen Kari Marie , Haga Britt Marit , Wallgren Gry Ciekals , Kaldestad Kari
Published: March 2023

Background and Aim

Previous studies show that life transitions can have negative effects on men's lives and lead to health problems and meaninglessness in life. This study aims to deepen the understanding of men's health by exploring the movement between suffering of life and meaning in life when experienced life transitions.

Theoretical Framework

The study is anchored in Eriksson's caritative caring theory. Core concepts are health and the movement between suffering of life and meaning in life.

Methodology and Methods

The methodology is hermeneutical, and the study has a qualitative research design. Fifteen men from Norway participated in in‐depth interviews in 2021. The interviews were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

Four themes emerged in relation to the suffering of life; enduring separation from community, shame at being useless as a human being, grief over what has been lost in life, and being powerless and vulnerable in the face of a hopeless struggle. Three themes emerged in relation to meaning in life; realising what is most important in one's life gives strength, decision to live one's life brings joy in life and a positive attitude towards life gives freedom and awakens a new spark for life.

Conclusion

Suffering of life emerges as a separation from relationships and society and as a perceived uselessness as a human being losing faith, control and feeling like a burden erodes dignity and trigger feelings of shame, guilt and degradation. Suffering of life manifests as loss of drive and spark for life. Life has meaning through finding the good in oneself, coming to know and believe in oneself and seeing new possibilities which bring about a spark for life, gratitude, dignity and freedom. Health exists in the movement between suffering of life and meaning in life, in pausing, recognising vulnerability, prioritising and reorienting oneself.
Singapore's Imminent Expiration of Land Leases: From Growth and Equality to Discontent and Inequality?
Authors: Purves Andrew
Published: March 2023

Haila described Singapore as a laboratory for a social scientist given the multiple ways land is used, managed or treated as a source of public revenue. Phang explains how housing has given the bottom 50 per cent of households, wealth equating to the level advocated in Piketty's ‘ideal society’. As fixed‐term leases expire, people who own apartments on public land will see their values fall to zero. Inequality will return, challenging the otherwise stable polity. Using both qualitative and quantitative methods, this paper explores how and why this unique land regime was created, and expose how theoretically inconsistent policies and their ad hoc, pragmatic application has created several rent leakages to a minority of the population who continue to hold freehold land. It offers some alternative strategies better informed by land rent theory, that might be adopted to preserve the benefits enjoyed for now.
Decreased corneal subbasal nerve fiber length and density in diabetic dogs with cataracts using in vivo confocal microscopy
Authors: Chan Kore , Badanes Zachary , Ledbetter Eric C.
Published: March 2023

Objective

To determine whether there is a difference in corneal sensitivity and corneal subbasal nerve plexus (CSNP) morphology in cataractous dogs with diabetes mellitus (DM) versus without DM.

Animals studied

Twenty six domestic dogs with cataracts of various breeds presented for phacoemulsification, 13 with DM and 13 without DM.

Procedure

The inclusion criteria for the study were dogs with bilateral cataracts and no clinical evidence of corneal disease. The diabetic group had documented hyperglycemia and was currently treated with insulin. The non‐diabetic group had no evidence of DM on examination and bloodwork. Complete ophthalmic examination, corneal esthesiometry, and in vivo confocal microscopy of the CSNP was performed for both eyes of each dog. The CSNP was evaluated using a semi‐automated program and statistically analyzed.

Results

The mean (±SD) CSNP fiber length was significantly decreased in diabetic (3.8 ± 3.0 mm/mm2) versus non‐diabetic (6.7 ± 1.9 mm/mm2) dogs. Likewise, the mean (±SD) fiber density was significantly decreased in diabetic (8.3 ± 3.1 fibers/mm2) versus non‐diabetic (15.5 ± 4.9 fibers/mm2) dogs. The corneal touch threshold was significantly reduced in diabetic (2.1 ± 0.8 cm) versus non‐diabetic (2.8 ± 0.4 cm) dogs. There was a non‐significant trend towards subclinical keratitis in diabetic (9/13) versus non‐diabetic (4/13) dogs.

Conclusions

Morphological and functional abnormalities of the CSNP were present in dogs with DM, including decreased fiber length, fiber density, and corneal sensitivity. These findings are consistent with diabetic neuropathy and could contribute to clinically significant corneal complications after cataract surgery.
Investigating intermediate hosts of Echinococcus multilocularis throughout Turkey: Focus on voles
Authors: Gürler Ali Tümay , Demirtaş Sadık , Bölükbaş Cenk Soner , Gençay Elif Burcu , Barılı Öykü , Karaca Efe , Akçay Aytaç , Açıcı Mustafa , Umur Şinasi , Deplazes Peter
Published: March 2023

Alveolar echinococcosis (AE), caused by Echinococcus multilocularis, is one of the most important zoonotic diseases. The parasite has a heterogeneous life cycle; more than 40 small mammal species have been determined to be potential intermediate hosts worldwide. Turkey is one of the highest endemic countries for AE, but only limited information is available concerning the transmission biology of E. multilocularis. The study aimed to provide data on potential intermediate host species (focus on genus Microtus) across Turkey involved in E. multilocularis transmission to foxes, which is a risk for public health. Trapping sites have been specially selected considering field voles' habitats and ecological requirements. In total, 843 rodents were collected from 141 locations. The metacestodes and lesions of AE were identified as macroscopy and microscopy and confirmed by PCR and DNA sequencing. Seventeen (2.0%) small mammals from 13 (9.2%) locations were found infected with E. multilocularis. Infected individuals were identified as Microtus irani, Microtus mystacinus, Microtus hartingi, Microtus guentheri, Cricetulus migratorius and Mus macedonicus. M. hartingi and M. macedonicus are documented for the first time as intermediate hosts of E. multilocularis. In conclusion, 15 of 17 infected small mammals were found in the Microtus genus. Therefore, the genus Microtus, which inhabits fields near villages and is potential prey for foxes, could be considered an important intermediate host for E. multilocularis across Turkey.
Plasma-assisted gas-phase aggregation of clusters for functional nanomaterials
Authors: Kylián O. , Nikitin D. , Hanuš J. , Ali-Ogly S. , Pleskunov P. , Biederman H.
Published: March 2023

The application of low-temperature plasma-based methods for the synthesis of functional nanomaterials has been growing for several decades and nanoparticles (NPs) play an increasing role in this effort. NPs have been considered for numerous applications such as optoelectronic energy conversion, electrocatalysis for fuel cells, novel plasmonic materials, electroluminescence, macromolecular self-assembly, supramolecular chemistry, and biomedical applications. The focus of this review will be devoted to NPs prepared by vacuum-based plasma-assisted sources. In the majority of cases, plasma has been excited by a planar magnetron. At first, concisely, the state-of-the-art of plasma-based gas aggregation cluster sources is presented. Then, the stability of the deposition process and enhancement of the production yield as well as tailoring of the composition, structure, and shape of NPs are discussed. In addition, in-flight modification of NPs, the interaction of NPs with a substrate, and deposition onto the liquids are presented.
Mechanisms of antigen-induced reversal of CNS inflammation in experimental demyelinating disease
Authors: Li Jian , Lu Lisen , Binder Kyle , Xiong Jian , Ye Lilin , Cheng Yan H. , Majri-Morrison Sonia , Lu Wei , Lee Jae W. , Zhang Zhihong , Wu Yu-zhang , Zheng Lixin , Lenardo Michael J.
Published: March 2023

Autoimmune central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating diseases are a major public health burden and poorly controlled by current immunosuppressants. More precise immunotherapies with higher efficacy and fewer side effects are sought. We investigated the effectiveness and mechanism of an injectable myelin-based antigenic polyprotein MMPt (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, myelin basic protein and proteolipid protein, truncated). We find that it suppresses mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis without major side effects. MMPt induces rapid apoptosis of the encephalitogenic T cells and suppresses inflammation in the affected CNS. Intravital microscopy shows that MMPt is taken up by perivascular F4/80
+
cells but not conventional antigen-presenting dendritic cells, B cells, or microglia. MMPt-stimulated F4/80
+
cells induce reactive T cell immobilization and apoptosis in situ, resulting in reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells and chemokine production. Our study reveals alternative mechanisms that explain how cognate antigen suppresses CNS inflammation and may be applicable for effectively and safely treating demyelinating diseases.
Mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism regulates the activation of quiescent adult neural stem cells
Authors: Petrelli Francesco , Scandella Valentina , Montessuit Sylvie , Zamboni Nicola , Martinou Jean-Claude , Knobloch Marlen
Published: March 2023

Cellular metabolism is important for adult neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) behavior. However, its role in the transition from quiescence to proliferation is not fully understood. We here show that the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) plays a crucial and unexpected part in this process. MPC transports pyruvate into mitochondria, linking cytosolic glycolysis to mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Despite its metabolic key function, the role of MPC in NSPCs has not been addressed. We show that quiescent NSPCs have an active mitochondrial metabolism and express high levels of MPC. Pharmacological MPC inhibition increases aspartate and triggers NSPC activation. Furthermore, genetic
Mpc1
ablation in vitro and in vivo also activates NSPCs, which differentiate into mature neurons, leading to overall increased hippocampal neurogenesis in adult and aged mice. These findings highlight the importance of metabolism for NSPC regulation and identify an important pathway through which mitochondrial pyruvate import controls NSPC quiescence and activation.
Extreme enhancement of superconductivity in epitaxial aluminum near the monolayer limit
Authors: van Weerdenburg Werner M. J. , Kamlapure Anand , Fyhn Eirik Holm , Huang Xiaochun , van Mullekom Niels P. E. , Steinbrecher Manuel , Krogstrup Peter , Linder Jacob , Khajetoorians Alexander Ako
Published: March 2023

BCS theory has been widely successful at describing elemental bulk superconductors. Yet, as the length scales of such superconductors approach the atomic limit, dimensionality as well as the environment of the superconductor can lead to drastically different and unpredictable superconducting behavior. Here, we report a threefold enhancement of the superconducting critical temperature and gap size in ultrathin epitaxial Al films on Si(111), when approaching the 2D limit, based on high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) measurements. Using spatially resolved spectroscopy, we characterize the vortex structure in the presence of a strong Zeeman field and find evidence of a paramagnetic Meissner effect originating from odd-frequency pairing contributions. These results illustrate two notable influences of reduced dimensionality on a BCS superconductor and present a platform to study BCS superconductivity in large magnetic fields.
Metabolite-induced in vivo fabrication of substrate-free organic bioelectronics
Authors: Strakosas Xenofon , Biesmans Hanne , Abrahamsson Tobias , Hellman Karin , Ejneby Malin Silverå , Donahue Mary J. , Ekström Peter , Ek Fredrik , Savvakis Marios , Hjort Martin , Bliman David , Linares Mathieu , Lindholm Caroline , Stavrinidou Eleni , Gerasimov Jennifer Y. , Simon Daniel T. , Olsson Roger , Berggren Magnus
Published: March 2023

Interfacing electronics with neural tissue is crucial for understanding complex biological functions, but conventional bioelectronics consist of rigid electrodes fundamentally incompatible with living systems. The difference between static solid-state electronics and dynamic biological matter makes seamless integration of the two challenging. To address this incompatibility, we developed a method to dynamically create soft substrate-free conducting materials within the biological environment. We demonstrate in vivo electrode formation in zebrafish and leech models, using endogenous metabolites to trigger enzymatic polymerization of organic precursors within an injectable gel, thereby forming conducting polymer gels with long-range conductivity. This approach can be used to target specific biological substructures and is suitable for nerve stimulation, paving the way for fully integrated, in vivo–fabricated electronics within the nervous system.
Extinct in the wild: The precarious state of Earth’s most threatened group of species
Authors: Smith Donal , Abeli Thomas , Bruns Emily Beckman , Dalrymple Sarah E. , Foster Jeremy , Gilbert Tania C. , Hogg Carolyn J. , Lloyd Natasha A. , Meyer Abby , Moehrenschlager Axel , Murrell Olivia , Rodriguez Jon Paul , Smith Paul P. , Terry Andrew , Ewen John G.
Published: March 2023

Extinct in the Wild (EW) species are placed at the highest risk of extinction under the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List, but the extent and variation in this risk have never been evaluated. Harnessing global databases of ex situ animal and plant holdings, we report on the perilous state of EW species. Most EW animal species—already compromised by their small number of founders—are maintained at population sizes far below the thresholds necessary to ensure demographic security. Most EW plant species depend on live propagation by a small number of botanic gardens, with a minority secured at seed bank institutions. Both extinctions and recoveries are possible fates for EW species. We urgently call for international effort to enable the latter.
Deadly mpox risk in people with untreated HIV comes into view
Authors: Kupferschmid Kai
Published: March 2023

Analysis of hundreds of patients suggests mpox is “a different disease” in immunocompromised patients
Vaccines for a sustainable planet
Authors: Pecetta Simone , Nandi Arindam , Weller Charlie , Harris Vanessa , Fletcher Helen , Berlanda Scorza Francesco , Pizza Mariagrazia , Salisbury David , Moxon Richard , Black Steve , Bloom David E. , Rappuoli Rino
Published: March 2023

The health of the planet is one objective of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. Vaccines can affect not only human health but also planet health by reducing poverty, preserving microbial diversity, reducing antimicrobial resistance, and preventing an increase in pandemics that is fueled partly by climate change.
Laboratory Evaluation of a Quaternary Ammonium Compound-Based Antimicrobial Coating Used in Public Transport during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Aranega-Bou Paz , Brown Natalie , Stigling Abigail , D’Costa Wilhemina , Verlander Neville Q. , Pottage Thomas , Bennett Allan , Moore Ginny
Published: March 2023

This study evaluated the performance of a commercially available antimicrobial coating that was used by the transport industry in the United Kingdom during the COVID-19 pandemic. While the product was effective against ɸ6, the efficacy of the coating depended upon the material to which it was applied.
Three Bacterial DedA Subfamilies with Distinct Functions and Phylogenetic Distribution
Authors: Todor Horia , Herrera Nadia , Gross Carol A.
Published: March 2023

DedA family proteins are highly conserved and nearly ubiquitous integral membrane proteins found in archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Recent work revealed that eukaryotic DedA proteins are phospholipid scramblases and that some bacterial DedA proteins are undecaprenyl phosphate flippases.
Non-occupational physical activity and risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and mortality outcomes: a dose–response meta-analysis of large prospective studies
Authors: Garcia Leandro , Pearce Matthew , Abbas Ali , Mok Alexander , Strain Tessa , Ali Sara , Crippa Alessio , Dempsey Paddy C , Golubic Rajna , Kelly Paul , Laird Yvonne , McNamara Eoin , Moore Samuel , de Sa Thiago Herick , Smith Andrea D , Wijndaele Katrien , Woodcock James , Brage Soren
Published: March 2023

Objective

To estimate the dose–response associations between non-occupational physical activity and several chronic disease and mortality outcomes in the general adult population.

Design

Systematic review and cohort-level dose-response meta-analysis.

Data sources

PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and reference lists of published studies.

Eligibility criteria

Prospective cohort studies with (1) general population samples >10 000 adults, (2) ≥3 physical activity categories, and (3) risk measures and CIs for all-cause mortality or incident total cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, stroke, heart failure, total cancer and site-specific cancers (head and neck, myeloid leukaemia, myeloma, gastric cardia, lung, liver, endometrium, colon, breast, bladder, rectum, oesophagus, prostate, kidney).

Results

196 articles were included, covering 94 cohorts with >30 million participants. The evidence base was largest for all-cause mortality (50 separate results; 163 415 543 person-years, 811 616 events), and incidence of cardiovascular disease (37 results; 28 884 209 person-years, 74 757 events) and cancer (31 results; 35 500 867 person-years, 185 870 events). In general, higher activity levels were associated with lower risk of all outcomes. Differences in risk were greater between 0 and 8.75 marginal metabolic equivalent of task-hours per week (mMET-hours/week) (equivalent to the recommended 150 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous aerobic physical activity), with smaller marginal differences in risk above this level to 17.5 mMET-hours/week, beyond which additional differences were small and uncertain. Associations were stronger for all-cause (relative risk (RR) at 8.75 mMET-hours/week: 0.69, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.73) and cardiovascular disease (RR at 8.75 mMET-hours/week: 0.71, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.77) mortality than for cancer mortality (RR at 8.75 mMET-hours/week: 0.85, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.89). If all insufficiently active individuals had achieved 8.75 mMET-hours/week, 15.7% (95% CI 13.1 to 18.2) of all premature deaths would have been averted.

Conclusions

Inverse non-linear dose–response associations suggest substantial protection against a range of chronic disease outcomes from small increases in non-occupational physical activity in inactive adults.

PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018095481.
Maximize Liquid Welfare in Combinatorial Auctions with Monotone Valuations
Authors: Chen Jiwen , Nong Qingqin , Wang Yuanyuan , Liu Wenjing
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we consider how to maximize the liquid welfare in a combinatorial auction where bidders have monotone valuations and are budget constrained. We study the setting that budgets are public information and present a universally truthful, budget feasible and computationally-efficient randomized [Formula: see text]-approximate mechanism, where [Formula: see text] is the number of items and [Formula: see text] is the number of bidders, respectively.
Exponential corrected thermodynamics of Born–Infeld BTZ black holes in massive gravity
Authors: Pourhassan B. , Dehghani M. , Upadhyay S. , Sakallı İ. , Singh D. V.
Published: March 2023

It is known that entropy of black hole gets correction at quantum level. Universally, these corrections are logarithmic and exponential in nature. We analyze the impacts of these quantum corrections on thermodynamics of Born–Infeld BTZ black hole in massive gravity by considering both such kinds of correction. We do comparative analysis of corrected thermodynamics with their equilibrium values. Here, we find that the exponential correction yields to the second point of the first-order phase transition. Also, quantum correction affects significantly the Helmholtz free energy of larger black holes. We study the equation of state for the exponential corrected black hole to obtain a leading order virial expansion.
Effects of the acceleration on holographic complexity
Authors: Nagasaki Koichi
Published: March 2023

In this work, we consider a special kind of space–time called AdS accelerating black holes. This is a kind of black holes which have a stringlike singularity along polar axis attached to the black hole and it accelerates the black hole. In these kind of space–times, the growth of Einstein–Hilbert action is independent of the acceleration as found in S. Chen and Y. Pei, Int. J. Theor. Phys. 60, 917 (2021). By using a string as a probe, we found the effect of the acceleration is captured by the string probe [K. Nagasaki, arXiv:2108.05429 [hep-th]]. Here in this work, we consider the case of rotating black holes. By the probe string, we clearly describe the effect of the acceleration and its relation to the rotation of the black holes.
Features of gravitational interaction as the basis of “Dark Energy” in the gas of null strings
Authors: Lelyakov A. P. , Lelyakov S. A.
Published: March 2023

In this work, the influence of the shape of the null strings that form the gas on the gravitational properties and evolution of the null string gas was investigated. An interesting result of the study is that the test null string, being in the interaction zone, can only have a shape that exactly repeats the shape of the source string. As a result, null strings having different spatial forms can be located in the gas only outside the zone of interaction with each other. The “size” (width) of the zone of interaction of each null string in the gas is determined by the value of its initial momenta, and for some critical values it can occupy the entire space. The size (width) and “impenetrability” of the interaction zones for null strings having different spatial shapes can be a physical source of “strong” gravitational repulsion in the gas of null strings. In turn, the “strong” gravitational repulsion between null strings with different spatial shapes can be a source of a long-term accelerated expansion of such a gas (a source of “dark energy”).
Relative Maltsev definability of some commutator properties
Authors: Kearnes Keith A.
Published: March 2023

We show that, when restricted to the class of varieties that have a Taylor term, several commutator properties are definable by Maltsev conditions.
Chordal graphs, higher independence and vertex decomposable complexes
Authors: Abdelmalek Fred M. , Deshpande Priyavrat , Goyal Shuchita , Roy Amit , Singh Anurag
Published: March 2023

Given a finite simple undirected graph G there is a simplicial complex Ind(G), called the independence complex, whose faces correspond to the independent sets of G. This is a well-studied concept because it provides a fertile ground for interactions between commutative algebra, graph theory and algebraic topology. In this paper, we consider a generalization of independence complex. Given [Formula: see text], a subset of the vertex set is called r-independent if the connected components of the induced subgraph have cardinality at most r. The collection of all r-independent subsets of G form a simplicial complex called the r-independence complex and is denoted by Indr(G). It is known that when G is a chordal graph the complex Indr(G) has the homotopy type of a wedge of spheres. Hence, it is natural to ask which of these complexes are shellable or even vertex decomposable. We prove, using Woodroofe’s chordal hypergraph notion, that these complexes are always shellable when the underlying chordal graph is a tree. Using the notion of vertex splittable ideals we show that for caterpillar graphs the associated r-independence complex is vertex decomposable for all values of r. Further, for any [Formula: see text] we construct chordal graphs on [Formula: see text] vertices such that their r-independence complexes are not sequentially Cohen–Macaulay.
引入服務使用者參與的社工教學方法
Authors: 甘 炳光
Published: March 2023

近代在推行社工服務的過程中，都開始著重服務使用者有更大的參與。但是，在本地的社工教學中，服務使用者參與並未得到應有的重視和推廣，社工教育未有多思考和討論如何引入服務使用者參與去促進社工教學。本文的目的就是探討服務使用者參與和社工教學的關係，討論服務使用者參與對社工專業訓練的作用，更會介紹筆者在香港引入服務使用者參與的社工教學方法和經驗，分析應用這些方法的成效，最後總結引入服務使用者參與的社工教學方法對社工教育的啟示。
Phase retrieval from short-time fractional Fourier measurements using alternating direction method of multipliers
Authors: Li Lan , Mao Lu , Jing Mingli , Wei Wei , Chen Yang
Published: March 2023

The phase retrieval (PR) problem is to reconstruct real/complex functions from the magnitudes of their Fourier/frame measurements in classical computational imaging. In this paper, we consider phase retrieval of complex vectors/images from the magnitudes of short-time fractional Fourier transform (STFrFT). In our setting, the above problem is solved by minimizing a least square ReLu loss function and a novel algorithm by alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is presented. As shown in the numerical simulations on complex signals/images, our proposed PR-ADMM algorithm from STFrFT has a better recovery performance with flexible window functions and appropriate fractional orders. It demonstrates to have satisfactory performance from mixed phaseless STFrFT measurements. Compared with several six other main algorithms, the proposed algorithm explicitly recovers the phase of image with higher the peak signal-to-noise ratio. Meanwhile, the proposed algorithm is robust to noise. These also generalize some of about phase retrievals with Fourier measurements.
Global dominator coloring of unicyclic graphs
Authors: Rajeswari M. , Anitha A. , Sahul Hamid I.
Published: March 2023

Let [Formula: see text]. A vertex [Formula: see text] is a dominator of [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] dominates every vertex in [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is said to be an anti-dominator of [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] dominates none of the vertices of [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] be a coloring of [Formula: see text] and let [Formula: see text]. A color class [Formula: see text] is called a dom-color class or an anti-dom-color class of the vertex [Formula: see text] according as [Formula: see text] is a dominator of [Formula: see text] or an anti-dominator of [Formula: see text]. The coloring [Formula: see text] is called a global dominator coloring of [Formula: see text] if every vertex of [Formula: see text] has a dom-color class and an anti-dom-color class in [Formula: see text]. The minimum number of colors required for a global dominator coloring of [Formula: see text] is called the global dominator chromatic number and is denoted by [Formula: see text]. This parameter was introduced in [I. S. Hamid and M. Rajeswari, Global dominator coloring of graphs, Discuss. Math. Graph Theory 39 (2019) 325–339]. This paper further extends the study by obtaining the value of [Formula: see text] for unicyclic graphs.
Cyclic base ordering of generalized Petersen graphs
Authors: Gu Xiaofeng , Zhang William
Published: March 2023

A cyclic base ordering (CBO) of a connected graph [Formula: see text] is a cyclic ordering of [Formula: see text] such that every cyclically consecutive [Formula: see text] edge induces a spanning tree of [Formula: see text]. The density of [Formula: see text] is defined to be [Formula: see text]; and [Formula: see text] is uniformly dense if [Formula: see text] for every connected subgraph [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]. It was conjectured by Kajitani, Ueno and Miyano that [Formula: see text] has a CBO if and only if [Formula: see text] is uniformly dense. In this paper, we study CBO of generalized Petersen graphs to support this conjecture, and we prove that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] have CBO.
Toward Next Generation Quantum-Safe eIDs and eMRTDs: A Survey
Authors: Alnahawi Nouri , Schmitt Nicolai , Wiesmaier Alexander , Zok Chiara-Marie
Published: March 2023

Security mechanisms of Electronic Personal Documents (eCards) depend on (asymmetric) cryptography that is and always has been subject to the threat of compromise, be it from conventional attacks or quantum computers. With Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC), we now have alternative building blocks at hand that can be leveraged to protect against both kind of attacks. Thus, PQC should be incorporated into eCard ecosystems, yet it is not clear how this is done best. In the work at hand, we review the state of currently used crypto-systems for eCard security, as well as their possible quantum-secure replacements. Further, we identify and categorize respective challenges that need to be addressed, present and assess existing approaches for their solution, and formulate research questions for open issues. By providing an overview of the situation, we help unraveling the issue and pave the way toward quantum-safe electronic Identity Documents and electronic Machine-Readable Travel Documents.
SIGACT News Complexity Theory Column 116
Authors: Hemaspaandra Lane A.
Published: March 2023

The penultimate complexity column during my time as complexity column editor is Parting Thoughts and Parting Shots (Read On for Details on How to Win Valuable Prizes!), by Eric Allender. Warmest thanks to Eric for sharing with the field this wide range of (potentially lucrative!) challenges.
Distributed Computing Column 86
Authors: Alistarh Dan
Published: March 2023

Overview. In this column, we celebrate the return of the main conferences in our community to in-person meetings by a "traditional" column, covering the presentations at PODC 2022. We note that the column is delayed by one edition, since the 2022 December SIGACT column was exclusively dedicated to the memory of Juris Hartmanis, who passed away in July 2022.
Chloroplast Proteostasis: Import, Sorting, Ubiquitination, and Proteolysis
Authors: Sun Yi , Jarvis R. Paul
Published: March 2023

Chloroplasts are the defining plant organelles with responsibility for photosynthesis and other vital functions. To deliver these functions, they possess a complex proteome comprising thousands of largely nucleus-encoded proteins. Composition of the proteome is controlled by diverse processes affecting protein translocation and degradation—our focus here. Most chloroplast proteins are imported from the cytosol via multiprotein translocons in the outer and inner envelope membranes (the TOC and TIC complexes, respectively), or via one of several noncanonical pathways, and then sorted by different systems to organellar subcompartments. Chloroplast proteolysis is equally complex, involving the concerted action of internal proteases of prokaryotic origin and the nucleocytosolic ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS). The UPS degrades unimported proteins in the cytosol and chloroplast-resident proteins via chloroplast-associated protein degradation (CHLORAD). The latter targets the TOC apparatus to regulate protein import, as well as numerous internal proteins directly, to reconfigure chloroplast functions in response to developmental and environmental signals.
Temperature Sensing in Plants
Authors: Kerbler Sandra M. , Wigge Philip A.
Published: March 2023

Temperature is a key environmental cue that influences the distribution and behavior of plants globally. Understanding how plants sense temperature and integrate this information into their development is important to determine how plants adapt to climate change and to apply this knowledge to the breeding of climate-resilient crops. The mechanisms of temperature perception in eukaryotes are only just beginning to be understood, with multiple molecular phenomena with inherent temperature dependencies, such as RNA melting, phytochrome dark reversion, and protein phase change, being exploited by nature to create thermosensory signaling networks. Here, we review recent progress in understanding how temperature sensing in four major pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana occurs: vernalization, cold stress, thermomorphogenesis, and heat stress. We discuss outstanding questions in the field and the importance of these mechanisms in the context of breeding climate-resilient crops.
Perceptions of academic preparedness of first-gen freshmen in a physiology major inform recommendations for program-level academic development initiatives
Authors: Leary Miriam , Donley David A. , Watson Skylar , Hewitt Landyn , Bryner Randy , Leary Brian K.
Published: March 2023

A qualitative investigation of first-generation (FG) college freshmen’s perceptions of academic preparedness and intended success strategies informs the development of potential avenues by which to support FG freshmen in physiology programs.
Performing Bayesian Network Inference Using Amortized Region Approximation with Graph Factorization
Authors: Lin Peng , Dou Changsheng , Gu Nannan , Shi Zhiyuan , Ma Lili
Published: March 2023

Exact inference for large, directed graphical models, also known as Bayesian networks (BNs), can be intractable as the space complexity grows exponentially in the tree‐width of the model. Approximate inference, such as generalized belief propagation (GBP), is used instead. GBP treats inference as the Bethe/Kikuchi energy function optimization problem. The solution is found using iterative message passing, which is inefficient and convergent problematic. Recent progress on amortized technique for GBP is an attractive alternative solution that can optimize the Bethe/Kikuchi energy function using (deep) neural networks, requiring no message passing. Despite being efficient, the amortized technique for GBP is applied to undirected graphical models with specific structures and factors, with no guarantee of the approximation quality. This is because the energy function to be amortized is defined by a region (or factor) graph that is ad hoc and difficult to construct to ensure sensible approximations. This paper proposes a new amortized GBP algorithm applied to BN for efficient inference. The proposed algorithm is composed of the following: (i) a new pairwise conversion (PWC) algorithm that converts all the conditional probability distributions in the BN into pairwise factors to facilitate efficient region graph constructions; (ii) following PWC, an improved loop structured region graph (LSRG) algorithm was derived to generate a valid region graph satisfying desired regional properties; and (iii) the energy function defined by the proposed PWC‐LSRG region graph can be directly amortized using (deep) neural networks to ensure sensible approximations. Empirical studies show that the proposed amortized PWC‐LSRG algorithm is of practical use and significantly improves convergence and efficiency compared to conventional algorithms.
Parametric Investigation and Univariant Optimization of Domestic Stirling Refrigerator
Authors: Getie Muluken Z. , Lanzetta François , Bégot Sylvie , Admassu Bimrew T. , Djetel-Gothe Steve
Published: March 2023

As the temperature range of the cooling machine affects the cooling performance, parametric optimization of moderate temperature Stirling refrigerator has valuable concept. In this paper, a nonideal modified simple numerical model was used to investigate the effects of parameters and to propose optimized Stirling refrigerator design for moderate temperature applications. The analysis was conducted through simulating the numerical model using MATLAB code for beta configuration FEMTO-60 prototype operating as a refrigerator. The effects of shuttle heat loss and mass leakage on the cooling performance of domestic Stirling refrigerator have been studied. Moreover, the effects of operating parameters (operating frequency and charging pressure) and design parameters (phase angle, regenerator length and porosity, displacer height, swept volume ratio, and piston diameter to stroke ratio) have been investigated. A cooling power of 625 W and COP of 1.3 have been found at a charging pressure of 22.5 bar and an operating frequency of 6 Hz using the optimized design parameters. The optimized parameters (operating and specified design parameters) could deliver from 48% to 60% more cold production and from 30% to 40% more COP than the existing design with a safe working condition.
Joint Transfer Extreme Learning Machine with Cross-Domain Mean Approximation and Output Weight Alignment
Authors: Zang Shaofei , Li Dongqing , Ma Chao , Ma Jianwei
Published: March 2023

With fast learning speed and high accuracy, extreme learning machine (ELM) has achieved great success in pattern recognition and machine learning. Unfortunately, it will fail in the circumstance where plenty of labeled samples for training model are insufficient. The labeled samples are difficult to obtain due to their high cost. In this paper, we solve this problem with transfer learning and propose joint transfer extreme learning machine (JTELM). First, it applies cross-domain mean approximation (CDMA) to minimize the discrepancy between domains, thus obtaining one ELM model. Second, subspace alignment (sa) and weight approximation are together introduced into the output layer to enhance the capability of knowledge transfer and learn another ELM model. Third, the prediction of test samples is dominated by the two learned ELM models. Finally, a series of experiments are carried out to investigate the performance of JTELM, and the results show that it achieves efficiently the task of transfer learning and performs better than the traditional ELM and other transfer or nontransfer learning methods.
Supervised Machine Learning Based Noninvasive Prediction of Atrial Flutter Mechanism from P‐to‐P Interval Variability under Imbalanced Dataset Conditions
Authors: Gul Muhammad Usman , Kamarul Azman Muhammad Haziq , Kadir Kushsairy Abdul , Shah Jawad Ali , Hussen Seada
Published: March 2023

Atrial flutter (AFL) is a common arrhythmia with two significant mechanisms, namely, focal (FAFL) and macroreentry (MAFL). Discrimination of the AFL mechanism through noninvasive techniques can improve radiofrequency ablation efficacy. This study aims to differentiate the AFL mechanism using a 12‐lead surface electrocardiogram. P‐P interval series variability is hypothesized to be different in FAFL and MAFL and may be useful for discrimination. 12‐lead ECG signals were collected from 46 patients with known AFL mechanisms. Features for a proposed classifier are extracted through descriptive statistics of the interval series. On the other hand, the class ratio of MAFL and FAFL was 41 : 5, respectively, which was highly imbalanced. To resolve this, different data augmentation techniques (SMOTE, modified‐SMOTE, and smoothed‐bootstrap) have been applied on the interval series to generate synthetic interval series and minimize imbalance. Modification is introduced in the classic SMOTE technique (modified‐SMOTE) to properly produce data samples from the original distribution. The characteristics of modified‐SMOTE are found closer to the original dataset than the other two techniques based on the four validation criteria. The performance of the proposed model has been evaluated by three linear classifiers, namely, linear discriminant analysis (LDA), logistic regression (LOG), and support vector machine (SVM). Filter and wrapper methods have been used for selecting relevant features. The best average performance was achieved at 400% augmentation of the FAFL interval series (90.24% sensitivity, 49.50% specificity, and 76.88% accuracy) in the LOG classifier. The variation of consecutive P‐wave intervals has been shown as an effective concept that differentiates FAFL from MAFL through the 12‐lead surface ECG.