bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tussen hoop en vrees
Authors: Lawson R.A. (Rick)
Published: June 2020

Tussen hoop en vrees

In de naoorlogse jaren werd de basis gelegd voor het huidige stelsel van Europese bescherming van mensenrechten. Deze bijdrage schetst een beeld van de omstandigheden waaronder het Europees Verdrag voor de Rechten van de Mens tot stand kwam, en de overwegingen die daarbij een rol speelden. Dat roept dan ook de vraag op in hoeverre het EVRM voldoet aan zijn oorspronkelijke doelstellingen.
Neurenberg als wegbereider voor het internationale strafrecht
Authors: van der Wilt H.G. (Harmen)
Published: June 2020

Neurenberg als wegbereider voor het internationale strafrecht

De 75-jarige herdenking van de historische verrichtingen van het Neurenberg Tribunaal biedt een mooie gelegenheid om de balans op te maken van de staat van het internationale strafrecht. In het licht van de grillige veranderingen in de opvattingen over de normatieve en politieke levensvatbaarheid van internationaal strafrecht wordt in dit essay ingegaan op bijdrage van het Neurenberg Tribunaal aan de ontwikkeling van het internationale strafrecht.
Schulsozialarbeit mit Kompetenz
Authors: Schieder Michael
Published: June 2020

The field of school social work has become increasingly important in recent years. With the knowledge and consideration of the diverse life worlds of children and young people, the legal foundations and the knowledge of challenges in various transition processes, school social workers must have a comprehensive competence profile.

On the basis of the empirical construction of a competence model for school social work oriented to the Qualifications Framework for German Higher Education, the present book can contribute to the professionalisation of the field of work and at the same time underline the need of specific study programmes at the level of the universities.
EMOTIVE SPEECH ACTS AND THEIR DISCOURSE MODIFICATIONS IN THE LITERARY TEXT
Authors: Zhabotynska Svitlana , Slyvka Nataliia
Published: June 2020

This article focuses on three related theoretical problems: classification of expressive speech acts that till present remains a highly disputable issue of linguistic pragmatics, specificity of emotives as a type of expressives, and the patterns of emotives’ modifications in the current discourse space as it is represented in the literary text. The authors suggest a classification of expressive speech acts built at the intersection of the cognitive (semantic), communicative and semiotic planes that demonstrate distinctions between the classes of behavitives and emotives and between their sub-classes. It is further presumed that emotives, when used in discourse, get modified in accordance with regular patterns compatible with the cognitive operations of elaboration, extension, questioning, and combining described in different cognitive linguistic conceptions. This presumption is confirmed via analysis of positive emotives portrayed in the literary text which, besides the character’s speech proper, describes the other discourse aspects relevant for the illocutionary meaning of a speech act. The patterns of discourse modifications exhibited by positive emotives as a congeneric sub-class are considered to be relevant for the other sub-classes of emotives – negative, bi-polar and ambivalent.
CAUSAL RELATIONS IN ENGLISH NEWS MAGAZINE DISCOURSE: JOURNALISTS’ AGE PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Danylchenko Iryna
Published: June 2020

This paper reveals how journalists’ age influences the linguistic representation of causal relations in English news magazine articles. Treating cause in a broad sense covering adverbials and clauses of reason, concession, purpose and result, the study finds that causal relations are scarce in the texts of young reporters. Unlike them, middle-aged authors’ articles demonstrate a 17-per-cent-higher frequency of adverbials and clauses of reason, and older journalists’ texts show a 12-per-cent rise in concessive clauses with the temporal concessive, comparative concessive, alternative concessive, conditional concessive and generalizing concessive relations. To account for these findings, I apply Talmy’s (1985) force dynamics theory viewing cause as an interaction of entities concerning force and energy where one causes another. Given this theory, middle-aged journalists verbalise causal relations grounded in what I call energy transfer model with one moving entity causing another to move, and energy loss model where inactivity of one entity is due to blocking of the other entity. In older authors’ articles, causal relations are represented by concessive clauses introduced by a range of conjunctions specifying concessive meaning: temporal concessive, comparative concessive, alternative concessive, conditional concessive and generalizing concessive.
AN ACADEMIC WRITING NEEDS ANALYSIS OF CZECH UNIVERSITY GRADUATE STUDENTS
Authors: Jančaříková Renata , Povolná Renata , Dontcheva-Navratilová Olga , Hanušová Světlana , Němec Martin
Published: June 2020

The present paper presents the results of a needs analysis conducted among Czech students involved in a Master’s degree programme English Language Teacher Education. The aim was to identify their academic writing needs on the basis of a needs analysis questionnaire and a linguistic analysis of their written discourse in order to find out whether there are divergences between their ‘wants’ and ‘lacks’ (Hutchinson & Waters 1987). The results indicate that the students’ previous tuition at Bachelor’s level focused primarily on lexico-grammatical features of academic style such as text organizing devices, academic vocabulary, grammatical structures and citation styles. However, other areas essential to writing a successful Master’s thesis, such as evaluation and interpretation of results, conveying personal viewpoints and communicating with the reader or acknowledging research limitations, were ascribed a somewhat lower importance by the students, suggesting the existence of a divergence between the students’ ‘wants’ and ‘lacks’. The findings concerning the students’ perception of the writing process also concur with the finding of the authors’ previous research (Dontcheva et al. 2020) into the Theme zone in Czech students’ Master’s theses, which has indicated that Czech Master’s students tend tooveruse textual Themes expressed by linkers and underuse interpersonal Themes realised by stance devices.
THE PRAGMATICS OF REFUSING A REQUEST IN ITALIAN AND AMERICAN ENGLISH: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Verzella Massimo , Tommaso Laura
Published: June 2020

This study falls in the area of cross-cultural pragmatics because it compares how speakers of American English and speakers of Italian refuse a request. We used a guided conversation protocol to elicit refusals to a request. The results show marked differences between the two groups. Speakers of American English tend to rely on Positive face strategies (praise, encouragement) to mitigate their refusals. In contrast, speakers of Italian tend to use Negative face strategies: lengthy explanations combined with apologies. Both groups used avoidance strategies, but speakers of American English were less likely to offer detailed explanations that require the disclosure of personal information. These findings show that pragmatic strategies to perform speech acts might vary significantly even when we compare groups from two different Western countries.
Reflectance confocal microscopy features of facial angiofibromas
Authors: Millán-Cayetano José-Francisco , Yelamos Oriol , Rossi Anthony M , Marchetti Michael A. , Jain Manu
Published: June 2020

Facial angiofibromas are benign tumors presenting as firm, dome-shaped flesh-colored to pink papules, typically on the nose and adjoining central face. Clinically and dermoscopically they can mimic melanocytic nevi or basal cell carcinomas (BCC). Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a noninvasive imaging tool that is useful in diagnosing melanocytic and non-melanocytic facial lesions. To date no studies have described the RCM features of facial angiofibromas. Herein, we present two cases of facial angiofibromas that were imaged with RCM and revealed tumor island-like structures that mimicked BCC, leading to skin biopsy.
Dermoscopy of cutaneous lymphangioma circumscriptum
Authors: Jha Abhijeet Kumar , Lallas Aimilios , Sonthalia Sidharth
Published: June 2020

Lymphangiomas are congenital lymphatic malformations. They are clinically characterized by clusters of translucent vesicles, and on dermoscopy, yellow lacunae surrounded by pale septa as well as reddish to bluish lacunae have been described. A young male presented with a seven-year history of a vesicular lesion. Dermoscopy revealed multiple white-yellowish well-circumscribed roundish areas (lacunae) surrounded by pale septa. A few lacunae contained blood, which was characteristically accumulated in the lowest part of the lacuna, resulting in an appearance similar to the so-called “hypopyon” of the eye. We suggest a new “dermatologic” metaphoric term to desrcibe this peculiar feature (half-and-half lacuna).
Diet and Chronic Urticaria: Dietary Modification as a Treatment Strategy
Authors: Jaros Joanna , Shi Vivian Y. , Katta Rajani
Published: June 2020

Patients with chronic urticaria (CU) often ask about dietary modification. Research has indicated that specific dietary changes may be helpful in a subset of patients. Immunological food reactions are rare, but potential triggers of CU include those seen in certain settings, as in patients with a history of tick bites, a history of raw or marinated fish ingestion, or those with celiac disease. Nonimmunological food intolerances may also contribute, although mechanism of action is not well understood. Trials of pseudoallergen-free diets and low-histamine diets have resulted in partial remission in a subset of patients, while oral provocation testing has confirmed that some patients experience worsening of symptoms after ingestion of food additives, tomatoes, herbs, seafood, alcohol, and other foods. An increased prevalence of vitamin D deficiency has also been noted in patients with CU compared with healthy controls. While oral antihistamines remain the mainstay of therapy in CU, education on potential dietary factors may be offered to a selection of the group of patients. For those at risk or reporting symptoms suggestive of celiac disease, vitamin D deficiency, delayed reactions to mammalian meat, or exposure to raw fish, further workup is recommended. While education on dietary modification may be offered to other patients, this approach may benefit only a subset, and no test is available to identify these patients. A minimum of 3 weeks may be needed to determine response, and only specific diets that have been systematically studied should be considered. Any elimination diet should be used with caution because of the potential for nutritional deficiencies.
Detection of Malignant Melanoma Using Artificial Intelligence: An Observational Study of Diagnostic Accuracy
Authors: Phillips Michael , Greenhalgh Jack , Marsden Helen , Palamaras Ioulios
Published: June 2020

Background: Malignant melanoma can most successfully be cured when diagnosed at an early stage in the natural history. However, there is controversy over screening programs and many advocate screening only for high-risk individuals.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of an artificial intelligence neural network (Deep Ensemble for Recognition of Melanoma [DERM]) to identify malignant melanoma from dermoscopic images of pigmented skin lesions and to show how this compared to doctors’ performance assessed by meta-analysis.

Methods: DERM was trained and tested using 7,102 dermoscopic images of both histologically confirmed melanoma (24%) and benign pigmented lesions (76%). A meta-analysis was conducted of studies examining the accuracy of naked-eye examination, with or without dermoscopy, by specialist and general physicians whose clinical diagnosis was compared to histopathology. The meta-analysis was based on evaluation of 32,226pigmented lesions including 3,277 histopathology-confirmed malignant melanoma cases. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to examine and compare the diagnostic accuracy.

Results: DERM achieved a ROC area under the curve (AUC) of 0.93 (95% confidence interval: 0.92-0.94), and sensitivity and specificity of 85.0% and 85.3%, respectively. Avoidance of false-negative results is essential, so different decision thresholds were examined. At 95% sensitivity DERM achieved a specificity of 64.1% and at 95% specificity the sensitivity was 67%. The meta-analysis showed primary care physicians (10 studies) achieve an AUC of 0.83 (95% confidence interval: 0.79-0.86), with sensitivity and specificity of 79.9% and 70.9%; and dermatologists (92 studies) 0.91 (0.88-0.93), 87.5%, and 81.4%, respectively.

Conclusions: DERM has the potential to be used as a decision support tool in primary care, by providing dermatologist-grade recommendation on the likelihood of malignant melanoma.
Prevalence and Associations of General Practice Registrars’ Management of Impetigo: A Cross-Sectional Analysis From the Registrar Clinical Encounters in Training (ReCEnT) Study
Authors: Gorges Hilary , Heal Clare , Van Driel Mieke , Tapley Amanda , Davis Joshua , Davey Andrew , Holliday Elizabeth , Ball Jean , Najib Nashwa , Spike Neil , Fitzgerald Kristen , Magin Parker
Published: June 2020

Background: Impetigo is a mild bacterial skin infection of childhood that is usually managed empirically in primary care.

Objective: To establish the prevalence and associations of impetigo in general practice (GP) registrars’ consultations.

Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of the Registrar Clinical Encounters in Training (ReCEnT) study data.

Results: Impetigo was managed in 0.24% of problems and 0.43% of consultations. Patient variables associated with impetigo presentations were younger age and impetigo as a new problem, while patients with non–English-speaking backgrounds were less likely to present with impetigo. Associated registrar variables were being new to the registrar and practicing in outer regional/remote locations. Compared with all other problems/diagnoses, impetigo more often involved information seeking, ordering pathology, and prescription of medication, but less often involved follow-up or referral.

Conclusions: Impetigo accounts for 0.43 per 100 GP registrar consultations in Australia. Association with outer regional/remote areas may reflect climate and socioeconomic factors that predispose to impetigo. Associated pathology requests may reflect a lack of confidence in GP registrars’ management of impetigo. Cultural differences may exist regarding health-seeking behavior relating to impetigo.
Las formas de organización y asociación de los trabajadores de empresas recuperadas en la Argentina (2000-2015).
Authors: Kasparian Denise
Published: June 2020

En términos generales, las empresas recuperadas se basan en el trabajo asociativo y la propiedad conjunta de los medios de producción, por lo cual constituyen formas productivas no estructuradas a partir de relaciones asalariadas, en las cuales el trabajo se organiza a partir de patrones más horizontales y flexibles de relacionamiento, y la participación y la subjetividad de los trabajadores adquieren relevancia. El objetivo de este artículo es describir las formas de organización y asociación supra-unidad productiva que estos trabajadores sin patrón integraron y/o conformaron para la consecución de una multiplicidad de objetivos. El diseño metodológico es de corte cualitativo y triangula una serie de técnicas de investigación: entrevistas a informantes clave, análisis documental y de bibliografía sobre la temática, y búsqueda sistemática y análisis de artículos periodísticos sobre las acciones colectivas llevadas a cabo por organizaciones vinculadas al proceso de recuperación de empresas. Se observa que mientras que en un primer momento estos trabajadores crean organizaciones sociales que conforman un movimiento social, con la estabilización del proceso, dicho movimiento se fragmenta y da lugar a una convergencia cooperativa en organizaciones de segundo y tercer grado, al acercamiento sindical, y a la conformación de redes sectoriales. Hacia el final del período, se observa una incipiente revitalización del carácter movimentista de las organizaciones de empresas recuperadas.
Reseña de: King, David: El juicio de Adolf Hitler. El putsch de la cervecería y el nacimiento de la Alemania nazi
Authors: Magaldi Fernandez Adrián
Published: June 2020

Reseña de: King, David: El juicio de Adolf Hitler. El putsch de la cervecería y el nacimiento de la Alemania nazi. Barcelona, Seix Barral, 2019, 640 pp., ISBN: 978-84-322-3545-0.
Reseña de: Urigüen López de Sandaliano, Natalia: A imagen y semejanza. La democracia cristiana alemana y su aportación a la transición española
Authors: Marín Arce José M.ª
Published: June 2020

Reseña de: Urigüen López de Sandaliano, Natalia: A imagen y semejanza. La democracia cristiana alemana y su aportación a la transición española. Madrid, CSIC, 2018, 378 pp. ISBN: 978-84-00-10355-2.
Reseña de: Según Alonso, Manuel: La masonería madrileña en la primera mitad del siglo XX
Authors: Morales Ruiz Juan José
Published: June 2020

Reseña de: Según Alonso, Manuel: La masonería madrileña en la primera mitad del siglo XX. Madrid, Sanz y Torres, 2019, 406 pp. ISBN: 978-84-17765-90-3.
Det pædagogiske paradoks
Authors: Frandsen Henrik Vase
Published: June 2020

Artiklen vil diskutere det pædagogiske paradoks primært ud fra D. Benner. Artiklen hævder, at det pædagogiske paradoks hviler på en forståelse af frihed, der hos Benner er underbelyst, og en idé om autenticitet, der ender i det isolerede Selv. Jeg foreslår her over for at studere appellens fænomen m.h.p. at indkredse en idé om frihed, der ikke udelukker enhver ydre indflydelse.
Teoretisk pædagogik
Authors: Winther-Jensen Thyge
Published: June 2020

Den historiske udvikling af teoretisk pædagogik i dansk sammenhæng.
Indledning
Authors: Adamsen Johannes , Nielsen Carla Birgitte , Wiberg Merete
Published: June 2020

Indledning
Les usages des sites Web par les partis politiques camerounais
Authors: Oumarou Sali Bouba
Published: June 2020

La présente note de recherche se propose de déterminer comment les partis politiques camerounais utilisent les sites Web afin de favoriser la participation politique des citoyens. Elle se fonde sur l’examen des sites Web de trois partis politiques camerounais représentés à l’Assemblée nationale : le Rassemblement démocratique du peuple camerounais (RDPC), l’Union démocratique du Cameroun (UDC) et le Mouvement pour la renaissance du Cameroun (MRC). Une étude comparative et fonctionnelle des sites de ces partis politiques est réalisée afin de voir comment ils exploitent cet espace virtuel de communication pour émuler l’engagement et la participation politique des citoyens camerounais.
Aerodynamics of High-Sided Vehicles on Truss Girder Considering Sheltering Effect by Wind Tunnel Tests
Authors: Zhang Jingyu , Zhang Mingjin , Li Yongle , Huang Xu , Zheng Zhong
Published: June 2020

Aerodynamic characteristics of vehicles are directly related to their running safety, especially for the high-sided vehicles. In order to study the aerodynamic characteristics under multiple sheltering conditions, a complex large scale (1:20.4) truss model and three high-sided vehicles including articulated lorry, travelling bus and commercial van models with the same scale were built. The aerodynamic coefficients under various sheltering effects of wind barriers with different heights and porosities, bridge tower and the vehicle on the adjacent lane were measured. According to the results, wind barriers can effectively reduce wind speed behind them, thus decreasing the wind load acting on the vehicle, which causes the decrease of the aerodynamic response of all three vehicles. However, the influence at the leeward side is limited due to installation of central stabilizers. When the vehicle passes through the bridge tower, a sudden change occurs, the aerodynamic coefficients decrease and fluctuate in varying degrees, especially for the commercial van. When the vehicle moves in different lanes behind the bridge tower, the sheltering effect of the tower on the aerodynamic coefficient in Lane 1 is much greater than that in Lane 2. With regard to the interference between two vehicles on the adjacent lanes, the relative windward area between the test vehicle and the interference vehicle greatly affects the aerodynamics of the test vehicle.
Identification and Analysis of Problems in the Implementation of Road Safety Audit in Lithuania
Authors: Tumavičė Aja , Kravcovas Igoris , Jasiūnienė Vilma
Published: June 2020

Road Safety Audits have already been tightly incorporated in the road design process throughout the world. It has proven to be an effective way of increasing road safety without requiring many resources. The cost-benefit-ratios of Road Safety Audits in developed countries are rather high. In Lithuania, the procedure on Road Safety Audits is fairly new, and the direct links between different problems and their occurrence frequency throughout the years are yet to be determined. In this paper, several audits on road safety, performed between the years 2011 and 2017 by the Road Research Institute of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, is analysed. The trends of most relevant problem types identified in those audits throughout the years for different types of roads and streets are presented. Based on those trends, the causes of some common problems are being recognised. Recommendations on possible solutions are suggested.
Comparative Analysis of Design Parameters for High-Speed Railway Earthworks in Different Countries and a Unified Definition of Embankment Substructure
Authors: Fei Jianbo , Jie Yuxin , Hong Chengyu , Yang Changsuo
Published: June 2020

This paper compares design specifications and parameters for high-speed railway (HSR) earthworks in different countries (i.e., China, France, Germany, Japan, Russia, Spain and Sweden) for different track types (i.e., ballasted and ballastless), and for different design aspects (i.e., HSR embankment substructure, compaction criteria, width of the substructure surface, settlement control, transition section, and design service life). Explanations for differences in HSR implementation among different countries are provided and reference values of the design parameters are obtained. In an attempt to unify different types of HSR substructures around the world, a widely applicable definition of the stratified embankment substructure based on the practices adopted in different countries is proposed. The functions and requirements of each functional layer (i.e., the blanket layer, frost protection layer and filtering layer) are summarized.
Level of Service Evaluation Methods: Possible Adaptation for Lithuania
Authors: Volosenko Sandra , Laurinavičius Alfredas
Published: June 2020

Level of Service is a quantitative measure to characterize operational conditions within a traffic stream. There is a set of factors affecting the Level of Service. These factors describe geometric parameters of the road, traffic conditions, traffic regulation conditions and base conditions. In this article, the Level of Service as a criterion for operational quality is described. Level of Service factors and performance measures are described on the basis of Highway Capacity Manual considering verifications done by countries for their own road conditions. German Highway Capacity Manual (HBS) and Highway Capacity Manual are compared for the purpose of possible adaptation for Lithuania.
Location Preferences of New Pedestrian Bridges Based on Multi-Criteria Decision-Making and GIS-Based Estimation
Authors: Zagorskas Jurgis , Turskis Zenonas
Published: June 2020

Non-motorized pedestrian and bicycle traffic is an effective and efficient tool for reducing the negative environmental impacts of transport and improving the quality of life in urban conditions. The strategies of creating new attractive spaces on the waterfront are prevalent amongst the municipalities in different countries. This kind of development intends the construction of new connection bridges, usually meant solely for walking and cycling. There are a significant number of studies covering the theme of pedestrian bridges, but the studies typically focus on technical parameters – serviceability, stress and vibrations, specifications for the design. Researchers and stakeholders rarely discuss displacement strategy, expenditure and future usability. This study aims to find out the best and the most useful bridge locations that would contribute to pedestrian network improvement, would add value to city image and give other benefits. A novel hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) model, based on five different multi-criteria decision-making methods: Multiplicative Exponential Weighting (MEW), method of Evaluation Based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS), an Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS) method, expert judgement, and Step‐Wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA), is presented. A developed model allows solving complicated problems and finding a rationally, balanced solution. Arguments derived from this study help politicians and town planners as well as society.
Controlling motor neurons of every muscle for fly proboscis reaching
Authors: McKellar Claire E , Siwanowicz Igor , Dickson Barry J , Simpson Julie H
Published: June 2020

We describe the anatomy of all the primary motor neurons in the fly proboscis and characterize their contributions to its diverse reaching movements. Pairing this behavior with the wealth of Drosophila’s genetic tools offers the possibility to study motor control at single-neuron resolution, and soon throughout entire circuits. As an entry to these circuits, we provide detailed anatomy of proboscis motor neurons, muscles, and joints. We create a collection of fly strains to individually manipulate every proboscis muscle through control of its motor neurons, the first such collection for an appendage. We generate a model of the action of each proboscis joint, and find that only a small number of motor neurons are needed to produce proboscis reaching. Comprehensive control of each motor element in this numerically simple system paves the way for future study of both reflexive and flexible movements of this appendage.
Task-Based Language Teaching: A Current EFL Approach
Authors: Prasad Bhandari Laxman
Published: June 2020

Task-based language teaching (TBLT) is one of the widely discussed teaching approaches at present. Teaching a lesson using tasks needs careful consideration of the age and interests of the learners. This paper provides an overview, characteristics and advantages of TBLT; highlights teacher and student roles; and explores teachers’ perceptions of task-based language teaching. For this, I purposively selected two English language teachers teaching at secondary levels as the participants of my study. This study applies ethnographic research method and explores the participants’ perceptions of using language tasks in their classrooms. The findings suggest that though English language teachers hold positive attitudes on task-based language teaching as a current EFL approach, they are not well aware of the methods of using this approach in their classrooms.
The Effect of Comprehensive Written Corrective Feedback on EFL Learners’ Written Syntactic Accuracy
Authors: Valizadeh Mohammadreza
Published: June 2020

This quasi-experimental study, using a pretest-treatment-posttest-delayed posttest design, investigated the effects of two comprehensive corrective feedback strategies: direct corrective feedback (DCF), and metalinguistic explanation (ME) on L2 learners’ written syntactic accuracy. The participants were 90 Turkish EFL learners. After ensuring their homogeneity in terms of L2 proficiency using Oxford Quick Placement Test, they were assigned to three groups: DCF, ME, and No Feedback (NF). The treatment/control period lasted for five weeks, during which the experimental groups wrote an argumentative essay in class, received the unfocused feedback, and revised their corrected text. The participants in the NF group were provided with feedback only on content, orthography, and organization, but not on grammatical errors. Results of the posttests and delayed-posttests (after a two-week interval) revealed that both experimental groups significantly outperformed the NF group; however, no statistically significant difference was found between the DCF and ME groups. Pedagogical implications are discussed in the paper.
Investigating the Agrammatic Production of Canonical and Non-Canonical Sentences Cross-Linguistically
Authors: Harun Mohammad
Published: June 2020

Research on agrammatism has revealed that the nature of linguistic impairment is systematic and interpretable. Non-canonical sentences are more impaired than those of canonical sentences. Previous studies on Japanese (Hiroshi et al. 2004; Chujo 1983; Tamaoka et al. 2003; Nakayama 1995) report that aphasic patients take longer Response Time (RT) and make more mistakes in producing non-canonical sentences compared to that of canonical sentences. The present research investigates the production impairments of canonical and non-canonical sentences cross-linguistically focusing on Bangla, Japanese, German and English aphasic patients. While Bangla, Japanese, German have relatively flexible word order, and hence allow freer phrasal movement, English exemplifies less freedom in word order patterns, and does not allow as much movement as the former three. We hypothesized that Bangla agrammatic patients would have more impairments in producing non-canonical sentences than those of canonical counterparts, while the production of canonical sentences is not completely devoid of impairments too. Primary data were collected from Bangla agrammatic patients, and secondary data from Japanese, German and English were exploited for cross-linguistic comparison. The findings show that Bangla agrammatic speakers have severe impairments in producing passive sentences, although the production of active ones are not completely devoid of impairments. The cross-linguistic comparison of the findings implies that the production of Bangla agrammatism tend to be similar to other agrammatic production and the production of non-canonical sentences are more difficult than those of canonical sentences cross-linguistically.
qPCR multiplex detection of microRNA and messenger RNA in a single reaction
Authors: Khoury Samantha , Tran Nham
Published: June 2020

Reverse Transcription-Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is one of the standards for analytical measurement of different RNA species in biological models. However, current Reverse Transcription (RT) based priming strategies are unable to synthesize differing RNAs and ncRNAs especially miRNAs, within a single tube. We present a new methodology, referred to as RNAmp, that measures in parallel miRNA and mRNA expression. We demonstrate this in various cell lines, then evaluate clinical utility by quantifying several miRNAs and mRNA simultaneously in sera. PCR efficiency in RNAmp was estimated between 1.8 and 1.9 which is comparable to standard miRNA and random primer RT approaches. Furthermore, when using RNAmp to detect selected mRNA and miRNAs, the quantification cycle (Cq) was several cycles lower. This low volume single-tube duplex protocol reduces technical variation and reagent usage and is suitable for uniform analysis of single or multiple miRNAs and/or mRNAs within a single qPCR reaction.
Пассивное оптическое зондирование речных плюмов с борта судна с помощью гиростабилизированного комплекса эмма, "Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика"
Authors: Гончаренко И.В. , Ростовцева В. В.
Published: June 2020

Наибольшая изменчивость экологического состояния прибрежных вод наблюдается в районах впадения рек. Плюмы рек могут отличаться от окружающей морской воды как по составу примесей, так и по их концентрации. При этом размеры и положение плюмов характеризуются сильной изменчивостью. Для мониторинга таких акваторий требуется проведение измерений с хорошим пространственным и временным разрешением. Продемонстрирована возможность оперативной оценки распределения естественных компонент морской воды в районе речного плюма у Кавказского побережья Черного моря методом пассивного оптического зондирования с борта судна. Для этого использовался портативный трехканальный гиперспектральный комплекс ЭММА - экологический мониторинг морских акваторий, установленный на гиростабилизированной платформе. Данные комплекса ЭММА были обработаны специальным алгоритмом, позволяющим получить спектры поглощения света морской водой и оценить концентрации природных компонент в ее составе. Обсуждается эффективность работы гиростабилизированного комплекса по сравнению с измерениями без стабилизации. Показана возможность получения оценок концентрации основных естественных составляющих морской воды гиростабилизированным комплексом ЭММА в условиях неравномерного освещения при низком положении солнца, что существенно расширяет временные рамки проведения измерений. Представленный комплекс может быть полезен при проведении подспутниковых измерений в прибрежных районах океана и внутренних морях, включающих речные плюмы.
ДИАГНОСТИКА ВНЕБОЛЬНИЧНОЙ ПНЕВМОНИИ У ЛИЦ С ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ СЕРДЕЧНОЙ НЕДОСТАТОЧНОСТЬЮ: ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ И РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ СОБСТВЕННЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ, "Вестник Центрального научно-исследовательского института туберкулеза"
Authors: Бобылев Андрей Анатольевич , Рачина Светлана Александровна , Авдеев Сергей Николаевич , Козлов Роман Сергеевич
Published: June 2020

Внебольничная пневмония (ВП) - одно из наиболее часто встречающихся в развитых странах инфекционных заболеваний. Хроническая сердечная недостаточность (ХСН) является независимым фактором риска неблагоприятного течения и прогноза при ВП. Диагностика ВП у лиц с ХСН сопряжена с объективными трудностями. Классические проявления недостаточности кровообращения, включающие одышку, утомляемость, тахикардию, тахипноэ, хрипы в легких при аускультации, скопление жидкости в плевральной полости могут быть обусловлены и течением пневмонии. Наряду с этим клиническая картина заболевания у пожилых пациентов чрезвычайно разнообразна и может меняться от классической (манифестной) до атипичной (стертой). Рентгенологическое исследование органов грудной клетки (ОГК) по-прежнему является стандартным методом диагностики пневмонии. В то же время применение рутинной рентгенографии у лиц старших возрастных групп, в том числе с ХСН, имеет технические ограничения, а также характеризуется недостаточной специфичностью. Внедрение мультиспиральной компьютерной томографии (МСКТ) ОГК позволило существенно повысить эффективность диагностики заболевания, однако данный метод не может рассматриваться в качестве исходной альтернативы рентгенографии. Сложности этиологической верификации пневмонии обусловлены возрастными анатомо-физиологическими особенностями рассматриваемого контингента больных, у которых возможности культурального исследования респираторных образцов ограничены. Невыраженность системного воспалительного ответа у пожилых пациентов способствует снижению эффективности рутинных лабораторных тестов, в первую очередь, общего анализа крови. Описанные выше проблемы клинической, рентгенологической, микробиологической и лабораторной диагностики ВП у лиц с ХСН предполагают использование дополнительных методов, одним из которых является определение сывороточных биомаркеров воспаления, к которым относятся С-реактивный белок (С-РБ), прокальцитонин (ПКТ), интерлейкин-6 (ИЛ-6), фактор некроза опухоли а (ФНОа) и некоторые другие. Данные белки являются достаточно чувствительными и специфичными индикаторами воспаления, продукция которых в организме резко повышается при развитии инфекционного процесса различной этиологии (в том числе при ВП). Менее выраженная гиперсекреция этих биомаркеров выявлена также при развитии и прогрессировании недостаточности кровообращения. Одним из наиболее эффективных в диагностике инфекций нижних дыхательных путей у лиц с ХСН является С-РБ: его определение позволяет повысить уровень диагностики ВП и существенно снизить частоту назначения антибактериальной терапии без ухудшения прогноза.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ОБОСТРЕНИЙ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С РАЗЛИЧНЫМИ ФЕНОТИПАМИ ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ ОБСТРУКТИВНОЙ БОЛЕЗНИ ЛЕГКИХ, "Вестник Центрального научно-исследовательского института туберкулеза"
Authors: Кудрявцева Эльвира Зуферовна , Макарьянц Наталья Николаевна , Никитина Лидия Юрьевна
Published: June 2020

В статье изложены особенности стабильного течения и обострений хронической обструктивной болезни легких (ХОБЛ) у 140 пациентов с различными фенотипами заболевания. Проведен анализ влияния таких ключевых факторов лечебно-диагностического процесса, как наличие коморбидных заболеваний, выбор препаратов базисной терапии, правильность техники ингаляций, полипрагмазия. Индивидуализированный подбор наиболее адекватной для каждого пациента терапии имеет важное значение и позволяет улучшить прогноз и качество жизни больных ХОБЛ.
ПРОФИЛАКТИКА МЕДИАСТИНАЛЬНЫХ ГРЫЖ ПОСЛЕ ПНЕВМОНЭКТОМИЙ С ПОМОЩЬЮ ИНТРАОПЕРАЦИОННОЙ ПЛАСТИКИ ПЕРЕДНЕГО СРЕДОСТЕНИЯ У БОЛЬНЫХ ДЕСТРУКТИВНЫМИ ФОРМАМИ ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗА ЛЕГКИХ И ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ЕЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ НА ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ, "Вестник Центрального научно-исследов
Authors: Эргешова Ануш Эдуардовна , Красникова Елена Вадимовна , Пенаги Рамиль Ниджат-Алиевич , Салихов Бехруз Умаркулович , Читорелидзе Георгий Валерьевич , Тарасов Руслан Вячеславович , Багиров Мамад-Багир Адил Оглы
Published: June 2020

Проведен анализ результатов пластики переднего средостения для профилактики медиастинальных грыж при пневмонэктомии у 91 больного деструктивным туберкулезом (ТБ) легких. Сравнение результатов хирургического лечения у 49 (53,8%) больных, которым была выполнена пневмонэктомия с пластикой переднего средостения (ППС) и 42 (46,2%) больных, которым пневмонэктомия была выполнена без дополнительных методик, показало эффективность ППС для профилактики формирования либо уменьшения, или сохранения размеров имевшихся до операции легочных медиастинальных грыж (ЛМГ)- У больных после интраоперационной ППС наблюдалось также уменьшение степени одышки и нарушений со стороны бронхолегочной системы по основным показателям респираторной функции.
Measurement of (40K, 238U and 232Th) and Associated Dose Rates in Soil and Commonly Consumed Foods (Vegetables and Tubers) at Okitipupa, Ondo State, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Ibitola, Gilbert A. , Olanrewaju Ajanaku , Abiola Olawale Ilori, , O. Aremu R. , A. A. Omosebi I.
Published: June 2020

The aim of this present study is to collect soil samples and some commonly consumed food materials in Ondo State, Nigeria such as tubers (cassava, Manihot esculent and yam, Dioscorea alata) samples and vegetables (waterleaf, Talinium triangulare and bitter leaf, Vernonia amygdalina) samples at some selected locations in Okitipupa, Ondo state, Southwestern, Nigeria in order to determine the following natural radionuclides (40K, 238U and 232Th) levels using a well calibrated NaI(TI) which is well shielded with a detector coupled to a computer resident quantum MCA2100R Multichannel. The transfer factors, annual absorbed dose rate and the annual effective dose in the samples collected were estimated.

The results showed that the measured natural radionuclides were present in the mean concentrations of 323.79 ± 12.45 Bqkg-1, 81.87 ± 45.30 Bqkg-1 and 57.62 ± 18.04 Bqkg-1 for 40K; 11.76 ± 36.03 Bqkg-1, 4.67 ± 10.12 Bqkg-1 and 3.45 ± 2.10 Bqkg-1 for 238U and 9.66 ± 0.89 Bqkg-1, 3.07 ± 2.45 Bqkg-1  and 2.45 ± 0.92 Bqkg-1  for 232Th for soil, yam and cassava samples respectively. The results also showed that the radionuclides were present in the concentrations of 11.76 ± 36.03 Bqkg-1 and 9.66 ± 0.89 Bqkg-1 for 40K; 9.67 ± 8.53 Bqkg-1 and 7.87 ± 1.89 Bqkg-1 for 238U and 8.63 ± 6.08 Bqkg-1 and 6.58 ± 0.76 Bqkg-1 for 232Th for waterleaf and bitter leaf samples respectively. The soil-to-yam transfer factors were found to be 0.26, 0.40 and 0.32 for 40K, 238U and 232Th and soil-to-cassava yam transfer factors were found to be 0.18, 0.29 and 0.25 for 40K, 238U and 232Th respectively. The soil-to-waterleaf transfer factors were found to be 0.37, 0.82 and 0.82 for 40K, 238U and 232Th while the soil-to-bitter leaf transfer factors were found to be 0.32, 0.74 and 0.68 for 40K, 238U and 232Th respectively.

The mean absorbed dose rate was 25.08 ± 0.57  and the mean annual outdoor effective dose was 46.17 . The annual effective dose reported for this present study area represents 65.95% of the world average value of 70.00 and 47.11% of Nigeria value of 98.00 mSvy-1
Comparison of Iron Plasma Atomic and Radiative Properties Computed with a Relativistic Collisional Radiative Average Atom Code versus Other Models
Authors: J. Benita A.
Published: June 2020

In this paper, it is presented a representative sample of steady state iron plasmas focusing the attention on two issues. First, the huge computation capability extension up to millions of plasmas with the implementation of a collisional radiative balance in the relativistic average atom model ATMED. Second, it will be addressed the good agreement of atomic and radiative properties not only with respect to very recent experimental measurements of laboratories and High Energy Density facilities, but also to the last theoretical developments in quantum mechanics of statistical methods, as new codes based on the self consistent Hartree-Fock-Slater model for the average atom which in turn solve the Schrödinger’s or Dirac’s equations of radial wave functions. The new codes have been validated with some state of the art models as OPAL, SCO-RCG, STA, CASSANDRA, LEDCOP, THERMOS, etc.

The results for plasma properties can be considered as relatively precise and optimal, being checked fundamentally the high sensitivity of calculations to changes in regime, local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) or non-LTE (NLTE), electronic and radiation temperatures, dilution factor, matter or electronic density and plasma length. The systematic theoretical investigation is carried out through comparison of calculations performed with a wide set of atomic collisional radiative codes with detailed configurations or codes of the average atom formalism. Some transmissions computed with ATMED CR using UTA (Unresolved Transition Array) formalism are also checked with respect to very recent experimental measurements of laboratories.
Evaluation of Energy and Density of States of Two Dimensional Quantum Structure (Quantum Well)
Authors: Ilouno J. , J. Audu I. , Y. Mafuyai M. , Okpara N.
Published: June 2020

Quantum structures (e.g. quantum wells) are a critical part of optical system designs (lasers, modulators, switches etc.). In the quantum well, the motion of the particle is quantized in one direction while the particle moves freely in other two directions. The density of state of the quantum structure is the possible number of state an excited electron can occupy per unit volume. The density of state depends on the energy at which the electron moves when excited. In this paper, the energy and density of states of two-dimensional quantum structure (quantum well) were calculated. The results obtained revealed the density of state increases with the energy but exhibited maximum and minimum peaks. Maximum peaks occurred at 4 eV and 7.5 eV while the minimum peaks occurred at 5 eV and 8 eV. These show that energy of state for quantum wells neither varies linearly nor exponentially with a density of state because of high energy level. The findings are in agreement with published literature. Some applications of quantum wells include: bioconjugates, solar cells, photovoltaic, photo and electrochromic devices etc.
A Theoretical Investigation on Sound Transmission Loss through Multi-walled Plates with Air Space
Authors: Natsuki Toshiaki , Natsuki Jun
Published: June 2020

In this study, an analytical model is proposed to investigate the sound transmission loss through multi-walled plates with air layers or decompression air layers, under the diffuse incidence field. Using the present approach, the influences of various parameters, such as the wall thickness, the decompressed air and the thickness of air space, on the sound transmission loss through are simulated and discussed in detail. It is seen that, due to the wave frequency of mass-air-mass resonance between double-walled glass plates, the sound transmission loss of the plates can be improved at low frequency range. The sound transmission loss tends to increase with decreasing air pressure because the sound is not transmitted through vacuum space. The design method can be used to investigate the effect of various geometric and material parameters on the sound transmission loss. The advantage of the simulation procedure is easily used for designing the layer structures with different parameter to improve the sound insulation effect.
Investigation of Radio-frequency Power Density Distribution around GSM Mast in Keffi Town, Nigeria
Authors: Ibrahim Umaru , Mohammed Musa , Mustapha Idris Mohammed , Mundi Abdullahi Abubakar , Yahaya Idris
Published: June 2020

In this study, an investigation of radiofrequency power density distribution around GSM mast in Keffi town, Nigeria was determined. Radiofrequency meter (Electrosmog ED- 155A) was used to measure the EM radiation at 50, 70, 90,110, 130, 150, 170, and 190 m away from mobile base stations. A total of fifteen mobile base stations were randomly selected in Keffi town covering about four network providers (MTN, Globacom, Etisalat, and Airtel), according to their proximity to buildings, number of antennas mounted on their masts, how close they are to other base stations and the population density around them.The result reveal that MBS5 was found to have the highest value of average power density compared to that of the remainder, with a contribution of about 16% (2908.38 µW/m2). The least contribution was recorded in MBS3 with only about 1% (173.71 μW/m2). The other MBS with significant contribution are MBS6 (15%), MBS11 (15%), MBS10 (13%), MBS8 (13%) and MBS13 (11%) with average power densities of 2878.72μW/m2, 2767.28μW/m2, 2385.43 μW/m2, 2382.70 μW/m2, and 1996.36 μW/m2 respectively. The findings reveal that the measured values of power densities across all the sites are well below the RF radiation exposure safety limit set by International Commission on Non-ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) when compared with the findings in this study. Therefore, RF radiation exposure from mobile base stations in Keffi town may pose no health risk to the people living within the area.
Assessment of Vegetables and Soils from Minjingu Village-Tanzania using WDXRF Technique
Authors: Koleleni Yusuf I. , Tafisa Seriver
Published: June 2020

Wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometer was used to analyze heavy metal concentration in soils and vegetables. The soil and vegetable samples were randomly collected from Minjingu village of Manyara region in Tanzania. The results indicate the soils to be contaminated with heavy metals with mean concentrations of 53±0.4 For Mn, 40±0.2 for Sr, 2059±4.2 for Fe, 760±2.7 for Al, 12±0.3 for Cs and 4±0.04 for Ni in mg/kg which was above the Maximum Tolerable Limits (MTLs). Except Cl was below MDL. While vegetables recorded the mean concentrations of 60±1.2 for Mn, 68±0.1 for Sr, 620±2.36 for Fe, 284±1,13 for Al, 56±0.5 for Cs, 13±0.1 for Ni and 714±0.7 for Cl in mg/kg. The reference and experimental results of soil and vegetables revealed that the optimized machine has given the best results, where the experimental data was very close to the reference values The reference material of soil 7 and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 395 for vegetables shows the deviation of less than 2%.The Minimum Detection Limit (MDL) for vegetables and soil of the WDXRF spectrometer was obtained under low back ground for different matrix effects. There were high correlation coefficient of heavy metals in soils and vegetables at 99% level. The findings indicate that Minjingu soils and grown vegetables were highly contaminated with heavy metals mainly from soils and polluted air, at levels able to pose detrimental health effects to the consumers. Thus need of regular monitoring of the grown vegetables around phosphate mines is recommended.