bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sonographic Correlation of Gestational Age with Fetal Kidney Length
Authors: Hemraj Sandhya , Abraham Sally M , Vinayaka US , Ravichandra G , Acharya Devdas
Published: July 2019

Background

Gestational age estimation is one of the most important information conveyed by a sonologist when performing an obstetric ultrasound examination. The traditional fetal biometric parameters, such as biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), femur length (FL), and abdominal circumference become increasingly unreliable for accurate gestational age estimation with advancing pregnancy, especially in 3rd trimester. This study was conducted to assess the role of fetal kidney length (KL) as an alternate parameter to assess gestational age in 2nd and 3rd trimesters.

Aim

To assess relationship between sonographic gestational age and fetal KL between 18 and 39 weeks of gestation.

Settings and design

Prospective, cross-sectional, single operator study conducted over a period of 1 year in a medical college hospital.

Materials and methods

Three hundred singleton pregnant women between 18 and 39 weeks of gestation were subjected to antenatal ultrasound. In addition to routine fetal biometry, measurements of fetal KL were made by noting distance between upper and lower poles of each kidney on a sagittal section of the fetal abdomen. The right and left KLs were averaged to obtain a single value for the purpose of statistical analysis.

Statistical analysis

Statistical analysis is done using SAS 9.2, SPSS 15.0, Stata 10.1, Med Calc 9.0.1, Systat 12.0, and R environment version 2.11.1. Fetal KL was expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Linear regression analysis was used to establish a relationship between sonographic gestational age in weeks and fetal KL. Level of significance was expressed as p value.

Results

A strong statistical correlation was found between sonographic gestational age and fetal KL. Nomograms and growth curves were constructed to correlate gestational age with fetal KL.

Conclusion

Fetal KL measurements can be used as alternate method of estimating gestational age in women with uncertain last menstrual periods (LMPs) and presenting late in the gestation for safe confinement. In fetal macrocephaly, hydrocephalus, short-limb dysplasias, and when fetal head is engaged, these measurements are valuable alternate parameters to assess gestational age since they are simple, not time-consuming, easy to identify, and measure.

How to cite this article

Hemraj S, Abraham SM, Acharya D, Ravichandra G, Vinayaka US. Sonographic Correlation of Gestational Age with Fetal Kidney Length. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2016;7(2):37-41.
Evaluation of the Role of Hysteroscopic Endometrial Injury and Its Timing Prior to in vitro Fertilization Treatment
Authors: Gopinathan KK , Pillai Avani , Parasuram G , Thalakottoor Fessy L
Published: July 2019

Aim

To evaluate the role of hysteroscopic endometrial injury and its timing prior to embryo transfer in patients undergoing IVF (in vitrofertilization) treatment.

Materials and methods

A total of 133 patients who underwent hysteroscopy at CIMAR Fertility Centre at Kochi, between January 2013 and December 2014, and had normal hysteroscopic findings were enrolled for the study. These women subsequently underwent IVF treatment and were evaluated in three groups based on the timing of hysteroscopy before embryo transfer: Group I – hysteroscopy performed 50 days or less before embryo transfer (n = 54), group II – hysteroscopy performed between 51 days and 6 months of embryo transfer (n = 45), and group III – hysteroscopy performed more than 6 months before embryo transfer (n = 34).

Results

The implantation rates were 21.8, 22.6, and 21.6% in groups I, II, and III respectively. Overall pregnancy rates were 44.4, 48.9, and 44.1%. Clinical pregnancy rates (CPR) were 40.7, 46.7, and 44.1% and live birth rates (LBR) were 30, 29, and 26% in groups I, II, and III respectively. Thus the implantation rate, overall pregnancy rate, and CPR were not significantly different in the three groups.

Conclusion

Hysteroscopic endometrial injury prior to IVF does not improve the pregnancy rate in patients with normal hysteroscopic findings.

Clinical significance

Due to the lack of definitive evidence regarding the role of hysteroscopic endometrial injury, ideal technique, and its timing prior to embryo transfer, it is necessary to evaluate the role of endometrial injury as a fertility treatment in women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles, as well as to present it in a way that supports clinical practice. At this stage, there is little evidence to support hysteroscopic endometrial injury prior to embryo transfer as a standard of care, and its use should be limited to selected cases after careful deliberation between the medical team and patient.

How to cite this article

Pillai A, Parasuram G, Thalakottoor FL, Gopinathan KK. Evaluation of the Role of Hysteroscopic Endometrial Injury and Its Timing Prior toin vitroFertilization Treatment. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2016;7(2):52-57.
Severe Early-onset Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome following Use of GnRH Agonist Trigger along with Low-dose hCG
Authors: Muthukumar K , Aleyamma TK , Thomas Sumi
Published: July 2019

Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, which is a key component of assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment, can be excessive in certain cases and can lead to massive cystic enlargement of the ovaries and biochemical changes, leading to ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Traditionally, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) has been used as ovulation trigger in ART cycles but its sustained luteotrophic effect is associated with an increased risk of OHSS in high-risk patients. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist trigger can be used as an alternative to hCG in GnRH antagonist downregulated cycles. However, the use of GnRH agonist was associated with a lower pregnancy rate due to deficient luteal phase, and hence, use of low-dose hCG to rescue the deficient luteal phase has been used. Various studies showed that using lowdose hCG did not increase the risk of OHSS even in high-risk patients. Here, we present a case report of severe early-onset OHSS following GnRH agonist trigger with low-dose hCG.

How to cite this article

Thomas S, Kamath MS, Muthukumar K, Aleyamma TK. Severe Early-onset Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome following Use of GnRH Agonist Trigger along with Low-dose hCG. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2016;7(2):68-72.
Outcome Analysis in Patients with Benign Vocal Fold Lesions
Authors: Sharma Arpit , Dabholkar Jyoti , Virmani Nitish
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Benign vocal cord lesions cause significant dysphonia by disrupting the normal vibratory function of the vocal fold mucosa. Multidimensional assessment of voice characteristics allows for an accurate analysis of voice impairment and can be used to assess the outcome of different treatment modalities.

Aims

To evaluate the outcome in patients treated for benign vocal fold lesions using multidimensional voice assessment

Materials and methods

Thirty adult patients with benign vocal fold lesions were treated according to standard protocols and followed up for 6 months. Voice was evaluated by visual analog scale (VAS), GRBAS (grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, strain) scale, maximum phonation time (MPT), S/Z ratio, and acoustic parameters using PRAAT. Pre- and posttreatment voice was compared.

Results

Benign lesions observed were vocal polyps (16), vocal nodules (7), vocal fold cysts (5), vocal cord papilloma (1), and sulcus vocalis (1). Mean VAS rating improved from 7.5 to 2 at 3 months and 1.6 at 6 months. Mean GRBAS score improved from 7.5 to 2.96 at 3 months and 2.3 at 6 months. Maximum phonation time increased from 9.43 seconds to 14.16 seconds at 3 months and 14.46 seconds at 6 months. S/Z ratio reduced from 1.37 to 1.16 at 3 months and 1.15 at 6 months. Jitter reduced from 1.81 to 1% at 3 months and 0.97% at 6 months; shimmer decreased from 6.07 to 2.19% at 3 months and to 2.03% at 6 months. Harmonic-to-noise ratio values improved from 8.01 to 10.78 dB at 3 months and 10.96 dB at 6 months; mean F0 increased from 207.27 to 217.89 Hz at 3 months and 219.65 Hz at 6 months.

Conclusion

A single measurement of voice cannot be used as a reliable outcome measure. Perceptual, aerodynamic, acoustic, and self-analysis together allow a multidimensional assessment of voice characteristics.

How to cite this article

Virmani N, Sharma A, Dabholkar J. Outcome Analysis in Patients with Benign Vocal Fold Lesions. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2016;6(1):8-13.
Laryngeal Amyloidosis: A Rare Entity causing Hoarseness of Voice
Authors: Chandrasekharan Ramanathan , Paul Roshna Rose , John Bassin Thomas
Published: July 2019

A 65-year-old man with persistent hoarseness of voice of 1-year duration was found to have a lesion in both vocal cords based on flexible laryngoscopy. He was diagnosed as having amyloidosis of the glottis on biopsy. He did not have any associated comorbidities. He underwent laser excision of the lesion following which his voice improved. There were no signs of recurrence during the 6-month follow-up period.

How to cite this article

John BT, Chandrasekharan R, Paul RR. Laryngeal Amyloidosis: A Rare Entity causing Hoarseness of Voice. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2016;6(1):49-51.
Dentoskeletal Effects of the Modified Tandem Appliance vs the Facemask Appliance in the Treatment of Skeletal Class III Malocclusion: A Single-center, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Husson Amro H , Burhan Ahmad S , Salma Fadwa B , Nawaya Fehmieh R
Published: July 2019

Aims

The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to compare the skeletal and dentoalveolar effects of the modified tandem appliance (MTA) vs the facemask (FM) with rapid maxillary expansion.

Materials and methods

Thirty-two patients, aged 7 to 9 years were recruited. Eligibility criteria included skeletal class III malocclusion that resulted from the retrusion of the maxilla. Randomization was accomplished to divide the sample into two equal groups to be treated with either MTA or FM. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained before treatment and after 2 mm positive overjet was achieved. Intragroup comparisons were performed using paired-sample t-test, and intergroup comparisons were performed using two-sample t-test at the p ≤ 0.05 level.

Results

Thirty-two patients (16 in each group) were available for statistical analysis. The pretreatment variables of both groups were similar. Both treatment therapies showed similar significant increase in the SNA and ANB angles, accompanied by slight decrease in the SNB angle. The increase in the SN:GoMe angle, Bjork's sum, and the overjet were significantly greater in the FM group. The forward movement of upper dentition was similar in both groups. Although the lower incisors retrusion was significantly greater in the FM group than in the MTA group, the uprighting of the lower molars was significantly greater in the MTA group.

Conclusion

Both appliances showed similar effects apart from less clockwise rotation of the mandible, less retrusion of the lower incisors, and greater uprighting of the lower molars in the MTA group.

Clinical significance

Both the MTA and the FM groups are effective in treating class III malocclusion. The MTA group is more efficient in controlling the clockwise rotation and gaining some space in the lower arch.

How to cite this article

Husson AH, Burhan AS, Salma FB, Nawaya FR. Dentoskeletal Effects of the Modified Tandem Appliance vs the Facemask Appliance in the Treatment of Skeletal Class III Malocclusion: A Single-center, Randomized Controlled Trial. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(7):522-529.
Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Success of Two commercially Available Pulpotomy Agents in Primary Teeth: An in vivo Study
Authors: Muppa Radhika , Srinivas NCh , Naveen K , Reddy Veerakishore K , Rebecca VC
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare Biodentine and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as pulpotomy agents by clinical and radiological assessments in primary teeth.

Materials and methods

In this study, 90 decayed primary molars indicated for pulpotomy were chosen and are divided into two groups. Soft enamel and dentinal caries were removed using spoon excavator. Access opening was done using highspeed cool water handpiece. Normal saline was used to irrigate pulp chamber, later saline moistened cotton pellet was used to obtain hemostasis in both groups. Restorations were placed in respective groups and immediate postoperative radiographs were taken. Follow-ups were done at every 3 months intervals, i.e., 3, 6, 9, and 12 months respectively.

Results

Statistical evaluation was carried out by using paired t-test which showed no significant difference between the two groups (p ≥ 0.05) with high success rate of 95.5%.

Conclusion

Pulpotomy with MTA and Biodentine is a reliable biological method for pulp treatment of primary teeth.

Clinical significance

Mineral trioxide aggregate and Biodentine could be considered as a reliable biological method for pulpotomy of primary teeth.

How to cite this article

Togaru H, Muppa R, Srinivas NCh, Naveen K, Reddy VK, Rebecca VC. Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Success of Two commercially Available Pulpotomy Agents in Primary Teeth: An in vivo Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(7):557-563.
Comparison of Shear Bond Strength and Microleakage of Various Bulk-fill Bioactive Dentin substitutes: An in vitro Study
Authors: Alkhudhairy Fahad I , Ahmad Zeeshan H
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Various bulk-fill materials depending on their composition, viscosity, and flow ability have different physical and mechanical properties. The aim of this in vitro study was to determine and compare the shear bond strength and microleakage properties of activa restorative with other bulk-fill restorative materials surefil (SDR), Biodentine, ever X posterior.

Materials and methods

Forty permanent premolars were selected for shear bond strength, and 20 permanent premolars were selected with class II cavities on mesial and distal side for microleakage. Universal testing device was used to assess the shear bond strength. Microleakage was checked using dye penetration method under a stereomicroscope. Mean and standard deviation values were calculated from the recorded values. Intergroup comparison was done by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by pairwise comparison using Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) post hoc test.

Results

The mean shear bond strength was highest for SDR surefil followed by Ever X posterior, Bioactive restorative, and Biodentine respectively. In this study, SDR (surefil) showed better shear bond strength and better microleakage properties compared with the other test materials (F = 186.7157, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The result of this study showed that flowable and fiber-reinforced composites have better shear bond strength and microleakage properties.

Clinical significance

Flowable bulk-fill composite resins can be used as dentin substitutes because of its superior properties.

How to cite this article

Alkhudhairy FI, Ahmad ZH. Comparison of Shear Bond Strength and Microleakage of Various Bulk-fill Bioactive Dentin substitutes: An in vitro study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(12):997-1002.
Evaluating Various Preparation Protocols on the Shear Bond Strength of Repaired Composite
Authors: Al-Asmar Ayah A , Hatamleh Khaled S , Hatamleh Muhanad , Al-Rabab'ah Mohammad
Published: July 2019

Introduction

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of different combinations of various surface treatments on the shear bond strength (SBS) of repaired composite resin.

Materials and methods

A total of 122 composite samples were prepared from Filtek Z350 XT. Samples were light cured and stored for 6 weeks. Surface treatment of old composite was done in five groups: Group I: bur roughening + phosphoric acid etching, group II: bur roughening + hydrofluoric acid etching + silane coupling agent, group II: air abrasion + phosphoric acid etching, group IV: air abrasion + phosphoric acid etching + silane coupling agent, group V: air abrasion + hydrofluoric acid etching + silane coupling agent. Bonding agent was applied to all surface-treated old composites and light cured. The fresh composite resin was bonded to treated surfaces and cured and stored in water at 37°C for 6 weeks. Shear bond strength was measured by a universal testing machine.

Results

Shear bond strength values of all groups were not statistically significant except for group V, which showed statistically significant higher SBS than group III.

Conclusion

Techniques with readily available materials at the clinic can attain similar SBS to more elaborate technique involving potentially hazardous materials.

How to cite this article

Al-Asmar AA, Hatamleh KS, Hatamleh M, Al-Rabab'ah M. Evaluating Various Preparation Protocols on the Shear Bond Strength of Repaired Composite. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(3):182-187.
Oral Health Status and Oral Health-related Quality of Life among Hospitalized and Nonhospitalized Geriatric Patients
Authors: Baskaradoss Jagan K , AlBaker Abdulaziz M , AlBaqami Fahad F , AlHarbi Tariq M , AlAmri Mohammad D
Published: July 2019

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to compare the oral health status and its effect on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of hospitalized and nonhospitalized elderly patients in a single community. The null hypothesis for the study states that there is no difference in the oral health status and OHRQoL between hospitalized and nonhospitalized elderly patients.

Materials and methods

This study was conducted at the King Khalid Hospital and College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A total of 99 (43 – hospitalized and 56 – nonhospitalized) geriatric patients participated in this study. Oral health-related quality of life was estimated using the geriatric oral health assessment index questionnaire. Decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index and plaque index were used to assess the oral health status of the study participants.

Results

The mean age of the study participants was 68.2 years; 17.2% were females and 82.8% were males. There was no significant difference between hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients in OHRQoL and DMFT index. However, the oral hygiene status was better among nonhospitalized patients as compared with hospitalized patients.

Conclusion

There was a significant difference in the oral hygiene status between hospitalized and nonhospitalized geriatric patients.

Clinical significance

Caregivers must be sensitized to the importance of oral health for the elderly population, and oral health should be considered an integral component of general health.

How to cite this article

AlBaker AM, AlBaqami FF, AlHarbi TM, AlAmri MD, Baskaradoss JK. Oral Health Status and Oral Healthrelated Quality of Life among Hospitalized and Nonhospitalized Geriatric Patients. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(3):228-233.
Corneal Elevation Values in Normal Eyes, forme fruste Keratoconus and Keratoconus at Different Stages Measured by Scheimpflug Imaging
Authors: Izquierdo Luis , Henriquez Maria A , Dañin David
Published: July 2019

Purpose

To compare corneal elevation values in normal eyes, forme fruste keratoconus (FFKC) and different stages of keratoconus using Scheimpflug imaging.

Materials and methods

This prospective, comparative study included 267 eyes (107 normal eyes, 21 FFKC and 139 keratoconus). Keratoconic eyes were divided into four groups according to keratometry values. Maximum posterior elevation (PE) above the (best fit sphere (BFS) at the central 5 mm were measured using the Pentacam (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH). Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine the test's overall predictive accuracy and to identify optimal cutoff points to discriminate between the groups.

Results

PE had the smallest values in normal eyes and increased in FFKC and each progressive stage of keratoconus. Mean PE was 9.98 ± 5.33 µm in normal eyes, 18.09 ± 9.23 µm in FFKC and 24.97 µm ± 15.89, 37.82 ± 18.64, 46.82 ± 21.41 and 66.07 ± 39.09, in keratoconus stage I, II, III and IV respectively.

Conclusion

Posterior elevation values increased according to the severity of keratoconus disease. PE can be used as indicator of keratoconus progression.

How to cite this article

Henriquez MA, Izquierdo L Jr, Dañin D. Corneal Elevation Values in Normal Eyes, forme fruste Keratoconus and Keratoconus at Different Stages Measured by Scheimpflug Imaging. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2014;3(1):36-39.
Long-term Improvement after the Athens Protocol for Advanced Keratoconus with Significant Ectasia Progression in the Fellow Eye
Authors: Santos Rodrigo , Siqueira Renata , Valbon Bruno , Dawson Daniel , Pereira Luis claudio , Siqueira Jorge Augusto
Published: July 2019

To describe the long-term result of the Athens protocol (custom topography-guided advanced surface ablation followed by riboflavin-UVA collagen cross-linking in the same day) for progressive advanced keratoconus in the left eye, while the fellow right eye first presented with relatively mild keratoconus that was treated with a more conservative therapeutic approach of continuous contact lenses use with the goal for ectasia stabilization. Five years after the Athens protocol, a regression of over 10D (diopters) was observed on the sagittal curvature with significant regularization of corneal shape and improvement of distance corrected visual acuity (DCVA) in the left eye. The right eye, which was treated more conservatively, had an over 12D increase on sagittal curvature along with significant distortion of the corneal shape and reduction of DCVA.

How to cite this article

Pereira LC, Siqueira R, Valbon B, Santos R, Dawson D, Ambrósio R, Siqueira JA. Long-term Improvement after the Athens Protocol for Advanced Keratoconus with Significant Ectasia Progression in the Fellow Eye. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2014;3(1):40-43.
Five Years Follow-up of Riboflavin/Ultraviolet A (370 nm) Corneal Collagen Cross-linking to Halt the Progression of Keratoconus
Authors: O’Brart PS David , Patel Parul , O’Brart Naomi A
Published: July 2019

Aims

To determine the long-term efficacy and safety of riboflavin/ultraviolet a corneal cross-linking (CXL) to halt the progression of keratoconus.

Materials and methods

Thirty-five patients (35 eyes) who had undergone CXL with epithelial removal 5 or more years previously were examined.

Results

At 5 years, mean spherical equivalent (SEQ) increased by 0.78 diopters (D) (p < 0.001), mean simulated K (Sim K) reduced by 0.86D (p < 0.00001), cone apex power (CAP) reduced by 1.1D (p < 0.0002) and root mean square (RMS) (p < 0.0001), coma (p < 0.0001), and secondary astigmatism (p < 0.001) decreased compared to preoperative values. Compared to values at 1 year, mean refractive cylinder reduced by 0.26D (p < 0.05), mean Sim K reduced by 0.46D (p < 0.0005), CAP reduced by 0.81D (p < 0.01), RMS (p < 0.001), coma (p < 0.002) and secondary astigmatism (p < 0.02) reduced and central pachymetry increased (p < 0.05) at 5 years. No treated eyes showed evidence of progression at 5 years. None lost >1 line of CDVA. Eight untreated fellow eyes progressed during the follow-up period and underwent CXL.

Conclusions

Corneal cross-linking is an effective treatment to halt the progression of keratoconus at 5 years, with no sight-threatening complications. Improvements in topographic and wave-front indices present at 1 year continue to improve at 5 years.

How to cite this article

O’Brart PSD, Patel P, O’Brart NA. Five Years Follow-up of Riboflavin/Ultraviolet A (370 nm) Corneal Collagen Cross-linking to Halt the Progression of Keratoconus. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2014;3(2):63-68.
Phakic Intraocular Lenses in Keratoconus
Authors: Alio Jorge L , Sanz-Díez Pablo
Published: July 2019

Purpose

To discuss and summarize the indications, contraindications and results in refractive surgery for keratoconus.

Keratoconus is an ectatic corneal disease characterized by a progressive corneal thinning and irregular astigmatism that negatively impact in the visual function and the optical quality of the patients. The refractive surgery in keratoconus has been discussed by several authors. The two primary lines of action are phakic lens implantation and corneal tissue ablation using photorefractive keratectomy. The use of phakic intraocular lenses (IOLs) to correct myopia and compound myopic astigmatism associated with keratoconus is gaining popularity.

Recent findings

The use of phakic IOLs to correct myopia and compound myopic astigmatism associated with keratoconus is gaining popularity. According to a recent study by our group the safety of this procedure in visual terms is high (post-CDVA/ pre-CDVA = 1.19 ± 0.29). It is also an effective operation (post-UDVA/pre-CDVA = 0.90 ± 0.26).

How to cite this article

Alio JL, Sanz-Díez P. Phakic Intraocular Lenses in Keratoconus. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2015;4(3):103-106.
Effect of Circular Keratotomy on Progression of Keratoconus
Authors: Krumeich Jörg H , Hirnschall Nino
Published: July 2019

Purpose

Studies on keratoconus treatment with regard to the stage of the disease have not been published. We evaluated patient outcomes over a 5-year period after circular keratotomy (CKT) to treat stage I and II progressive keratoconus.

Setting

Clinic Krumeich, Bochum, Germany.

Design

Retrospective clinical study.

Materials and methods

We retrospectively evaluated the outcomes of 185 consecutive CKT procedures to treat early, progressing keratoconus. A 7-mm trephine incision, with a depth that was 90% of the thinnest pachymetry value but not less than 400 µm, was made with the guided trephine system concentric to the pupil and sutured with a double running anti-torque suture. Keratometry readings and astigmatism measurements at 1-year postsurgery were compared with values obtained at 3 and 5 years postsurgery. Preoperative values of best-corrected visual acuity with glasses were compared with values obtained at 3 and 5 years postsurgery. Statistical analyses for significance were performed.

Results

Keratometric readings revealed stability at 5 years postsurgery in 84.3% (n= 51) of those eyes for which all values at all time points were available. Likewise, astigmatism values revealed stability in 92.2% of eyes. Best-corrected visual acuity improved significantly from preoperative to 5 years in 73.68% (n = 38). Best-corrected visual acuity did not change in 18.42% (n = 36).

Conclusion

Circular keratotomy halted the progression of early-stage keratoconus for at least 5 years in 84.3% of the eyes studied. The stable keratometric results suggest that CKT treatment should be considered for patients diagnosed early in the progression of this disease.

How to cite this article

Krumeich JH, Hirnschall N. Effect of Circular Keratotomy on Progression of Keratoconus. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2016;5(2):57-62.
Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage in Restored Primary Molars using Conventional and Chemomechanical Removal of Carious Tissue: An in vitro Study
Authors: Samatha Yalamanchili , Birra Charishma , Bandi Sujatha , Chinta Mahesh , Enuganti Sridevi , Mukthineni Sridhar
Published: July 2019

Background and objective

Microleakage of restored teeth can be considered as a major contributing factor for the occurrence of tooth discoloration, secondary caries, deterioration of restorative material, postoperative tooth sensitivity, and pulpal irritation. The objective of this study was to compare the microleakage of primary molars restored with conventional glassionomer cement (GIC) and Giomer after caries removal using conventional cavity preparation (CCP) and chemo-mechanical caries removal (CMCR) techniques.

Materials and Methods

Sixty extracted carious human primary molars were randomly assigned into three groups of 20 each based on the method of caries removal: Group A: CCP technique; group B: CMCR using Papacarie gel; and group C: CMCR using Carisolv gel. Each group was further divided into two of 10 teeth each according to the restorative material used – conventional GIC (Fuji II) and Giomer (Beautifil II). The restored teeth were thermocycled, immersed in methylene blue dye, sectioned, and examined under stereomicroscope to elicit the dye penetration scores.

Results

The results demonstrated that none of the restorative materials were free from microleakage. In Fuji II samples highest microleakage scores were noticed in group A (2.09) followed by group B (0.64), and least in group C (0.27), which were statistically significant. However, in Giomer samples no statistical significant difference in microleakage scores was noticed among the three groups.

Conclusion

Chemo-mechanical caries removal technique showed less microleakage when compared to CCP technique and the marginal sealing ability of Giomer was superior to conventional GIC.

How to cite this article

Sankar AJS, Birra C, Bandi S, Chinta M, Enuganti S, Mukthineni S. Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage in Restored Primary Molars using Conventional and Chemomechanical Removal of Carious Tissue: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent 2016;6(2):108-113.
Intraoral Lipoma of Palatal Mucosa
Authors: Munde Priyanka Tidke , Munde Prashant B , Jadhav Pradnya
Published: July 2019

Lipomas are most common, benign, soft tissue tumors in the body; however, they are rarely seen in the oral cavity. Intraoral lipomas are seen as benign, well-encapsulated swelling without pain with added yellowish tinge. We are presenting a case of an intraoral lipoma where the 22-year-old female presented a single well-encapsulated swelling in the posterior aspect of the palate on left side. The purpose of this report is to emphasize the need for dentists to be aware of frequency of occurrence of intraoral lipoma.

How to cite this article

Munde PT, Munde PB, Jadhav P. Intraoral Lipoma of Palatal Mucosa. J Contemp Dent 2016;6(2):142-144.
Giant Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of the Mandible
Authors: Gurav Rajshri U
Published: July 2019

An aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a benign osteolytic bony lesion that commonly affects the long bones with rare presentation in the jaws. The etiopathogenesis of ABC is unsure. Several theories have been suggested like trauma, intramedullary hematoma, alterations in local hemodynamics, reactive malformation, and genetic predisposition. Though ABCs are considered as secondary phenomenon in preexisting benign and malignant bony lesions, intermittent reports of ABCs with primary/denovo origin are generating perplexity in the scenario.

Here, we describe a rare case of giant ABC involving mandible extending from right angle of mandible to left canine region which crosses midline, in a 10-year-old female patient, without any evidence of preexisting bony lesion.

How to cite this article

Gurav RU, Pathak J, Patel S, Swain N. Giant Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of the Mandible. J Contemp Dent 2016;6(2):149-153.
Comparison of the Effects of Three Different Nickel–titanium Rotary Instruments on the Fracture Resistance of Obturated Roots: An in vitro Study
Authors: Shenoy Vanitha U , Pawar Ritesh B , MV Sumanthini , Shaikh Saimanaaz AH
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of the article is to compare the effects of three different nickel–titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments on the fracture resistance of obturated roots.

Materials and methods

A total of 100 permanent mandibular premolars were randomly divided into four groups of 25 teeth each and biomechanical preparation was done: group I: stainless steel K-hand files (HFs), group II: ProTaper NiTi instruments (PT), group III: HyFlex CM NiTi instruments (HCM), and group IV: K3XF NiTi instruments. Following root canal preparation, the canals were obturated using lateral condensation. A light body silicone impression material was used to simulate the periodontal ligament (PDL). Fracture resistance was tested in an Instron testing machine.

Statistical analysis

Data were analyzed with Kruskal–Wallis test.

Results

There was no difference in significance (p < 0.05) among the different groups tested with respect to their fracture resistances.

Conclusion

The present study concluded that rotary instrumentation could result in an increased chance for dentinal defects as compared with hand instrumentation. Greater taper rotary NiTi instruments do not increase the fracture susceptibility of roots, which in turn depends on various factors other than instrumentation alone.

Clinical significance

Greater taper achieved by rotary NiTi files during canal preparation facilitates efficient irrigation and complete debridement. Root fracture might occur as a result of microcracks or craze lines that propagate with repeated stress application by occlusal forces and also during canal preparation. Based on the results obtained, it can be decided whether the use of the newer rotary NiTi system contributes to endodontic success and long-term survival of endodontically treated teeth.

How to cite this article

Shaikh SAH, Shenoy VU, Sumanthini MV, Pawar RB. Comparison of the Effects of Three Different Nickel–titanium Rotary Instruments on the Fracture Resistance of Obturated Roots: Anin vitroStudy. J Contemp Dent 2017;7(2):86-90.
Evaluation of the Antimicrobial and Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Two Commercially Available Mouthwashes
Authors: Thakur Srinath , Malagi Shruti , Acharya Anirudh B
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Various chemical agents are being used as an adjunct to mechanical therapy. Chlorhexidine (CHX), though considered as the gold standard, has certain side effects. The use of herbal products as an adjunctive therapy is thus gaining more popularity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory efficacies of two commercially available mouthwashes.

Materials and methods

Antimicrobial activity of the mouthwashes was analyzedin vitroby evaluating their minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against four microorganisms. The anti-inflammatory efficacy was evaluated in 84 individuals, who were divided into four groups of 21 each based on their gingival index (GI) score. The subjects used the respective mouthwashes allotted to them for 2 weeks. Plaque index (PI), GI, and modified sulcus bleeding index (mSBI) of the participants were recorded at baseline and 14 days.

Results

The herbal mouthwash was effective against the tested organismsin vitro. The PI and GI scores reduced in all the four groups at the end of 14 days with the CHX group showing more reduction. The herbal mouthwash showed significantly better clinical outcomes when compared with other groups and results comparable to CHX.

Conclusion

The herbal mouthwash showed antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects comparable with that of 0.2% CHX, and may have a potential as an adjunct to scaling and root planing.

How to cite this article

Thakur S, Malagi S, Acharya AB. Evaluation of the Antimicrobial and Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Two Commercially Available Mouthwashes. J Contemp Dent 2017;7(2):118-121.
Management of Bilateral Oehlers’ Type II Dens Invaginatus in Maxillary Lateral Incisors
Authors: Walzade Pranjal S , MV Sumanthini , U Shenoy Vanitha , P Mahajan Rohini
Published: July 2019

Aim

To describe the management of type II dens invaginatus in permanent maxillary lateral incisors.

Background

Teeth affected by dens invaginatus show a deep infolding of enamel and dentine starting from the foramen coecum or even the tip of the cusps which may extend deep into the root. Dens invaginatus can be managed conservatively when it does not involve pulp and periodontal ligament. Moreover it may show a broad spectrum of morphologic variations and frequently results in early pulp necrosis if left undetected in early stages. Root canal treatment of such teeth is challenging because of the complex pulp space anatomy.

Case report

In the present case, bilateral occurrence of type II dens invaginatus was detected in maxillary lateral incisors. Following conservative cavity preparation, 12 was restored with an adhesive restoration. However as pulp exposure was observed in 22, it was endodontically treated.

Conclusion

Class II dens invaginatus without pulpal involvement can be treated successfully by conservative means there by maintaining the vitality of tooth. Early detection and immediate management leads to reduced tooth destruction thereby enhancing the long term prognosis.

Clinical significance

This case report will aid clinicians in the early detection and conservative management of tooth anomalies like dens invaginatus.

How to cite this article

Walzade PS, Sumanthini MV, Shenoy VU, Mahajan RP. Management of Bilateral Oehlers’ Type II Dens Invaginatus in Maxillary Lateral Incisors. J Contemp Dent 2017;7(2):125-129.
Congenital Alveolar Synechiae in a Neonate: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Kapur Aditi , Kumar Neeraj
Published: July 2019

Aim

This case report highlights the management of congenital alveolar synechiae (CAS) in a 4-day-old neonate to alleviate the parent’s anxiety and associated problems.

Introduction

Congenital alveolar synechiae is a rare developmental anomaly found in neonates characterized by adherence of both the jaws by the fibrocollagenous bands. It will cause difficulty in feeding, has reduced mouth opening, and also affects the development of the jaws, if not excised at an early age.

Case report

A 4-day-old neonate reported with inability to open the mouth properly. A diagnosis of CAS was made and managed under inhalation general anesthesia.

Conclusion

Early management results in resolution of the feeding difficulty and adequate mouth opening. These cases should be managed as early as possible to prevent possible complications.

How to cite this article

Kumar N, Kumari R, Gauba K, Kapur A. Congenital Alveolar Synechiae in a Neonate: Case Report and Review of Literature. J Contemp Dent 2017;7(2):135-138.
Intraventricular Silicone Oil: An Imitator
Authors: Reddy Ajit , Narayanappa Manjunath , Shukla Anil K , Jayamohan Annitha E
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Silicone oils are used in vitreoretinal surgery and it helps in maintaining the shape and fullness of the orbital globe. Rarely, they may get leaked from the orbit and may track to the brain in cerebrospinal fluid spaces like cisterns, ventricles. This can be documented by computed tomography with hyperdense oil. We are presenting a very rare case of the orbital silicon oil seepage into the ventricle.

We report the role of multidetector computed tomography to see silicone oil migrating from orbits to the brain. Not many cases are reported in the literature.

How to site this article

Reddy AK, Narayanappa M, Shukla AK, Jayamohan AE. Intraventricular Silicone Oil: An Imitator. J Med Sci 2016;2(3):48-49.
Multidetector Computed Tomography Evaluation of Malignant Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
Authors: Nagesh R , Shukla Anil K , Backer P Hazif , Seetha Pramila VV
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Superior vena cava syndrome results from the blockage of blood flow through the superior vena cava. It can be a medical emergency if it causes laryngeal or cerebral edema. Hence, prompt diagnosis is of utmost importance.

Case report

A 65-year-old male patient came with complaints of progressive dyspnea and cough since 3 weeks. A contrast- enhanced multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scan was done for the patient, which showed thrombus in the superior vena cava with a rich network of collaterals. The three-dimensional reconstruction was also done to demonstrate the collaterals.

Conclusion

The MDCT provides an excellent tool to diagnose and assess the cause of superior vena cava obstruction.

How to cite this article

Backer PH, VVP Seetha, Shukla AK, Nagesh R. Multidetector Computed Tomography Evaluation of Malignant Superior Vena Cava Syndrome. J Med Sci 2016;2(3):53-55.
The Rarest of Rare Case of Scrotal Cystocele
Authors: Reddy Ajit , Shukla Anil K , Jayamohan Annitha E , Lakshmanan Prakash M
Published: July 2019

Scrotal cystocele is a type of urinary bladder hernia, where the bladder herniates into the scrotum. They are not common and constitute to less than 4% of the hernias and bear a gender predilection toward males with history of lower urinary tract symptoms. Clinical presentation usually varies with some being asymptomatic while others present with intermittent scrotal swellings and voiding problems.

We report the case of a 55-year-old asymptomatic individual who came with incidentally detected hydroureteronephrosis. Nonenhancing spiral computed tomography revealed large scrotal swelling with bilateral inguinal hernia. The bladder was seen herniating on the right while the colon was the content of the left.

How to cite this article

Jayamohan AE, Reddy AK, Shukla AK, Lakshmanan PM. The Rarest of Rare Case of Scrotal Cystocele. J Med Sci 2016;2(4):68-69.
Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy in Accessory Horn
Authors: Akash Suhasini , Sindhura B , LNU Sailakshmi
Published: July 2019

Pregnancy in an accessory horn is rare. The incidence of uterine congenital anomalies: Müllerian defects in the normal fertile population are 3.2%. Incidence in pregnancy is 1 in 76,000 to 150,000 pregnancies. There are chances of high rate of spontaneous abortion, preterm labor, intrauterine growth retardation, intraperitoneal hemorrhage, and uterine rupture. Unicornuate uterus is a type II classification with unilateral hypoplasia or agenesis. It can be further classified into communicating, noncommunicating, without cavity, and unicornuate uterus.

Mother and fetus are at grave risk due to rupture of horn in second trimester of pregnancy. We report a case of ruptured accessory horn pregnancy at gestation of 18 weeks. Emergency laparotomy was done and the accessory horn was excised. Patient's postoperative recovery was uneventful.

How to cite this article

Sindhura B, Sailakshmi, Akash S. Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy in Accessory Horn. J Med Sci 2016;2(4):70-72.
Successful Multimodality Life-saving Management of Placenta Percreta with Hemoperitoneum in Shock
Authors: Jain Kajal , Chopra Seema , Aggarwal Neelam , Kumar Navneet , Siwatch Sujata , Gorsi Ujjwal
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Placenta percreta is rare but may present with life-threatening emergencies.

Case Report

We present a near-miss case with a placenta percreta presenting with hemoperitoneum and shock and describe how multidisciplinary multimodality management was used to save the lady in a tertiary care center of a low-resource setting. Peripartum hysterectomy with bilateral internal iliac ligation could not completely control the oozing. The general condition of the patient was poor with acidosis, coagulopathy, and hypothermia. Pelvic packing followed by embolization was done along with intensive care to treat metabolic derangements. It helped salvage the patient who later underwent a relaparotomy for pack removal. Conclusion and clinical significance: Role of individualized multimodality multidisciplinary management and intensive care is emphasized.

How to cite this article

Chopra S, Siwatch S, Jain K, Aggarwal N, Gorsi U, Kumar N. Successful Multimodality Life-saving Management of Placenta Percreta with Hemoperitoneum in Shock. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2016;50(4):201-203.
Prospective Role of Uniplanar Compressible External Fixation Devices in the Management of Pathological Diaphyseal Fractures Secondary to Osteomyelitis in Children
Authors: Dhillon Mandeep , Saibaba Balaji , Gopinathan Nirmal R , Behera Prateek , Santhanam Siva S
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Management of pathological diaphyseal fractures secondary to osteomyelitis in children still remains a nightmare for the treating orthopedic surgeon owing to the highly unpredictable clinical course and lack of certainty in achieving successful results. This study highlights the potential role of rail fixator in the management of pathological femur fracture secondary to osteomyelitis in children.

Materials and methods

A total of five children (8—13 years age group) with pathological diaphyseal fractures of femur (four cases) and tibia (one case), operated between January 2014 and December 2014, were included in the study. Chronic osteomyelitis was the underlying etiology in all the cases. The surgical management consisted of thorough debridement, lavage, freshening of fractured bone ends, opening of the bone ends, reduction and external stabilization using pediatric monorail fixator. All patients received postoperative antibiotics, based on intraoperative culture and sensitivity reports, for 6 weeks (intravenously for the initial 3 weeks, orally for the remaining 3 weeks). Weight bearing and knee range of motion were started in the early postoperative period as soon as the children were pain free.

Results

Staphylococcus aureus was the causative organism in all the cases. Out of five cases, four fractures united: Three femurs (between 9 and 12 weeks) and one tibia (11 weeks). There was one case of delayed union of femur (18 weeks). Septic pin tract loosening was seen in one case (femur) requiring prolonged antibiotic usage. Minimal limb length discrepancy (1—1.5 cm) was observed in all the cases.

Conclusion

Compression fixation achieved by monorail fixator can be considered as a viable option for the management of pediatric diaphyseal fractures secondary to active bony infection. It has the advantage of promoting bony union, aiding in early weight bearing, establishing successful joint mobilization, providing an option for future restoration of limb length, and improved patient comfort.

How to cite this article

Saibaba B, Gopinathan NR, Dhillon MS, Behera P, Santhanam SS. Prospective Role of Uniplanar Compressible External Fixation Devices in the Management of Pathological Diaphyseal Fractures Secondary to Osteomyelitis in Children. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2017;51(1):17-21.
Tuberculous Compound Palmar Ganglion
Authors: Doraisamy Nagarajan , Chandrasekhar Malarvizhi , Jebakumar Jim , Singh Sukhdev DB
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Compound palmar ganglion of tuberculous etiology is an infrequent condition, which has an obvious clinical picture, but still overlooked and should be diagnosed earlier before the involvement of underlying bones and nerves.

Case Report

We present the case of a 56-year-old male presenting with progressive swelling of the palm and forearm. He was diagnosed to have chronic flexor tenosynovitis without involvement of the underlying bones and was treated by complete excision and antitubercular therapy (ATT).

Conclusion

Tuberculous palmar ganglion is a condition that can be managed by excision and chemotherapy. However, it presents as a challenge to rural surgeons where the patients present late. Hence, early identification and treatment are the main goals of this article.

How to cite this article

Doraisamy N, Chandrasekhar M, Jebakumar J, Singh SDB. Tuberculous Compound Palmar Ganglion. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2017;51(1):28-29.
Cysticercosis of Lateral Pterygoid Muscle
Authors: Gupta Ashok , Bansal Sandeep , Virk Ramandeep S , Penubarthi Lokesh K , Rathi Alok
Published: July 2019

Cysticercosis is the infection caused by Cysticercus cellulosae, the larval stage of the cestode Taenia solium. Humans are accidentally or incidentally infected, where it frequently encysts in subcutaneous tissue, brain, and ocular tissue. Involvement of muscles in the head and neck is rare with presence of disseminated or other system involvement. We present a case of isolated involvement of lateral pterygoid muscle with cysticercosis.

How to cite this article

Virk RS, Rathi A, Penubarthi LK, Gupta AK, Bansal S. Cysticercosis of Lateral Pterygoid Muscle. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2017;51(1):37-39.