bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mitigating the Infodemic Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic: Roles of Nigerian Librarians
Authors: Aiyebelehin Afebuameh James , Mesagan Faith O.
Published: July 2021

This study investigates how Nigerian librarians are mitigating the infodemic caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. The entire population of Nigerian librarians in major social media platforms of the Nigerian Library Association and its sections were used for the study. An online survey administered through Google forms was used. A total of 186 librarians responded to the survey. The data was analysed with percentages and presented in charts. The findings show that: the majority (80%) agreed that there is infodemic in Nigeria. The major roles played by the librarians in mitigating the infodemic are: correction of misconceptions online (54.8%), posting of official information online(47.8%), and provision of authentic sources to COVID-19 guidelines (39.8%); the majority (91.1%) of the librarians played these roles as personal initiatives; majority (79%) of them believe their roles have been effective; and the major challenges facing their efforts are the issue of low bandwidth (59.1%), distrust for official information (31%) and regard for myths (29%). The implication of these findings is that most of the efforts made by Nigerian librarians to curb the spread of fake news associated with the corona virus were mainly personal initiatives. This further implies that a majority of Nigerian libraries do not have plans and policies in place to ensure service delivery in emergency situations. It was recommended, among others, that Nigerian librarians should go beyond online efforts to use traditional methods in order to reach a larger part of the populace without access to the internet.
The origins of internal communication and employer branding in marketing theories
Authors: Sinčić Ćorić Dubravka , Špoljarić Anja
Published: July 2021

Internal communications and employer branding are recognized as important tools for achieving an inspirational working environment, which is both an aim and a means of differentiation between organisations. A growing number of studies demonstrate a connection between internal communication and employee identification with the organisation they work for, as well as with their perception of employer’s brand. The aim of this theoretical paper is to identify and elaborate theoretical foundations that contributed to the development of these two concepts. For that purpose, marketing schools of thought, primarily social exchange school of marketing thought and relationship marketing are analysed and related to the concepts of internal communication, and employer branding. The analysis shows that social exchange school theories can be applied to describe values that are exchanged through internal communication and employer brand activities, while relationship marketing principles are used when implementing these activities in order to develop positive employee relationships.
Kulturne i kreativne industrije u postpandemijskom svijetu: utjecaj pandemije na poslovanje radijskih nakladnika u Hrvatskoj
Authors: Londero Šimleša Silvija
Published: July 2021

Pandemija virusa COVID-19 u potpunosti je promijenila sliku svijeta. Jedna od grana koje su najpogođenije posljedicama pandemije su kulturne i kreativne industrije. Ni medijsko tržište, kao važan dio sektora kulturnih i kreativnih industrija, nije bilo pošteđeno ovog udara. U radu se istražuje kako je pandemija virusa COVID-19 utjecala na upravljanje i poslovanje elektroničkih medija u Hrvatskoj na primjeru radijskih nakladnika te kako su se oni prilagodili promjenama u financijskom, tehnološkom i kadrovskom smislu, ali i drugim segmentima poslovanja. Dobiveni rezultati uspoređeni su s podacima radijskih tržišta Europske unije i zemalja u okruženju. Drugačije okolnosti na tržištu stvorile su nove modele poslovanja od kojih su neki zadržani kao praksa. Rad istražuje i mjere potpora i relaksacija zakonskih obveza državnih institucija i agencija kojima su one reagirale na promjene u poslovanju radijskih nakladnika u Hrvatskoj.
Association between serum sST2 levels and CD4+T cells in patients with organ failure: a pilot study
Authors: Peng qisong , Shi guoyou , lu hongxiang
Published: July 2021

Background: The importance of sST2 has been increasingly appreciated
because of its associated with the development of heart failure and
related diseases. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the
association of sST2 with CD4+T cells in patients with organ failure.
Methods: 100 (M:F=60:40) organ failure patients aged
(mean±SD=69.08±16.68) and 30 (M:F=14:16) normal control aged
(mean±SD=60.23±13.99) serum sST2 were detected by chemiluminescence
assay (CLIA) and the expression of serum IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α were
analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The proportion of
CD4+T cells in peripheral blood was determined by flow cytometry (FCM).
Association of sST2 with CD4+T cells in organ failure patents were
analyzed by SPASS. Results: The expression of sST2 in organ failure
patients (107.4±5.79ng/mL) was significantly higher than normal control
(8.57±0.35ng/mL). Inflammatory factors IL-1 and IL-6 in patients were
also increased than normal controls (IL-1: 0.33±0.04pg/mL vs
0.14±0.02pg/mL. IL-6: 165.7±10.53pg/mL vs 95.33±7.42pg/mL. TNF-α:
1.57±0.14pg/mL vs 6.11±0.77pg/mL). In patients, the results showed CD4+T
cells were reduced compare with normal control (238.3±13.67/μL vs
1081±39.13/μL). Additionally, sST2 was found to be inversely associated
with CD4+T cell in patients with organ failure. Conclusion: sST2 level
was closely related to the development of organ failure and sST2 was
obviously correlated with CD4+T cell in patients with organ failure.
The visual ecology of selective predation: Are unhealthy hosts less stealthy hosts?
Authors: Wale Nina , Fuller Rebecca , Johnsen Sonke , Turrill McKenna , Duffy Meghan
Published: July 2021

Predators can strongly influence disease transmission and evolution,
particularly when they prey selectively on infected hosts. Although
selective predation has been observed in numerous systems, why predators
select infected prey remains poorly understood. Here, we use a model of
predator vision to test a longstanding hypothesis as to the mechanistic
basis of selective predation in a Daphnia-microparasite system,
which serves as a model for the ecology and evolution of infectious
diseases. Bluegill sunfish feed selectively on Daphnia with a
variety of parasites, particularly in water uncolored by dissolved
organic carbon. The leading hypothesis for selective predation in this
system is that infection-induced changes in the appearance of
Daphnia render them more visible to bluegill. Rigorously
evaluating this hypothesis requires that we quantify the effect of
infection on the visibility of prey from the predator’s perspective,
rather than our own. Using a model of the bluegill visual system, we
show that the three common parasites, Metschnikowia bicuspidata,
Pasteuria ramosa and Spirobacillus cienkowskii, increase the opacity of
Daphnia, rendering infected Daphnia darker against the
background of downwelling light. As a result of this increased
brightness contrast, bluegill can see infected Daphnia at greater
distances than uninfected Daphnia – between 19-33% further,
depending on the parasite. Pasteuria and Spirobacillus
also increase the chromatic contrast of Daphnia. Contrary to
expectations, the visibility Daphnia was not strongly impacted by
water color in our model. Our work generates hypotheses about which
parasites are most likely affected by selective predation in this
important model system and establishes visual models as a valuable tool
for understanding ecological interactions that impact disease
transmission.
Noise-Induced Versus Intrinsic Oscillation in Ecological Systems
Authors: Esmaeili Shadisadat , Hastings Alan , Abbott Karen , Machta Jonathan , Nareddy Vahini Reddy
Published: July 2021

Studies of populations oscillating through time have a long history in
ecology as these dynamics can help provide insights into the causes of
population regulation. A particularly difficult challenge is determining
the relative role of deterministic versus stochastic forces in producing
this oscillatory behavior. Another classic ecological study area is the
study of spatial synchrony which also has helped unravel underlying
population dynamic principles. One possible approach to understanding
the causes of population cycles is based on the idea that a focus on
spatiotemporal behavior, oscillations in coupled populations, can
provide much further insight into the relative role of deterministic
versus stochastic forces. Using ideas based on concepts from statistical
physics, we develop results showing that in a system with coupling
between adjacent populations, a study of spatial synchrony provides much
information about the underlying causes of oscillations. Novel, to
ecology, measures of spatial synchrony are a key step.
Prediction of Theophylline Clearance in Various Stages of Liver Cirrhosis by Child-Pugh and MELD Scores: A Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis
Authors: Kurata Yasuo , Muraki Shota , Hirota Takeshi , Araki Hiroshi , Ieiri Ichiro
Published: July 2021

Aims Theophylline clearance in patients with chronic liver diseases
(CLDs), chronic hepatitis (CH) and liver cirrhosis (LC), was evaluated
by population pharmacokinetic (PPK) analysis. Methods PPK analysis
included 433 minimum steady-state concentrations from 192 Japanese
bronchial asthma patients and was performed using NONMEM. The severity
of LC was assessed by the Child-Pugh (CP) class and model for end-stage
liver disease (MELD) score. Results Two final models (CP and MELD
models) were obtained, and described apparent theophylline clearance
(CL/F) as follows: CP model:
CL/F=0.0473×0.874CH×0.697CPA×0.592CPB×0.441CPC, MELD model:
CL/F=0.0472×0.876CH×0.687MELD < 10×0.568MELD 10-14×0.487MELD
15-19×0.417MELD 20-24×0.328MELD ≥ 25. The CP model showed that mean CL/F
in patients without CLDs, and with CH, and LC with CP class A, B, and C
was 0.0473, 0.0413, 0.0330, 0.0280, and 0.0209 L/h kg-1, respectively.
The MELD model predicted that CL/F in patients without CLDs, and with
CH, and LC with a MELD score of < 10, 10-14, 15-19, 20-24, and
≥ 25 was 0.0472, 0.0413, 0.0324, 0.0268, 0.0230, 0.0197, and 0.0155 L/h
kg-1, respectively. Conclusions CL/F in various stages of LC was
evaluated and a change in CL/F was highly dependent on the severity of
CLDs in both models. The MELD model classified LC into 5 categories, and
subdivided CP class C patients into 3 further categories. The MELD model
provided a more accurate and precise description of CL/F than the CP
model, particularly in high-severity LC patients.
Caracterización de lixiviados generados del raquis de plátano (Musaceae paradisiaca l)
Authors: Andrade Quiñones Yudi Paolin , Hidalgo Nieto Angela María , Herrera Baquero Carlos Alberto
Published: July 2021

Este trabajo evaluó el contenido microbiológico y fisicoquímico del lixiviado producto del compostaje de raquis del plátano, proveniente de fincas de tres municipios del Meta, Colombia: Granada, Fuente de Oro y Villavicencio. La caracterización de hongos y bacterias fue realizada mediante examen microscópico, en el que se observaron algunas de sus estructuras, adicionalmente se tomaron fotografías y posteriormente comparando con lo reportado en la literatura, se definió el género del microorganismo, teniendo en cuenta el aspecto de la colonia. Para la caracterización fisicoquímica se realizó análisis de tipo multivariado mediante correlaciones de Pearson, mientras que la biodegradabilidad de los lixiviados se evaluó mediante la prueba de Tukey con una confiabilidad del 95%. Se identificó un orden bacterias Actinomicetos con cuatro géneros Clavibacter, Erwinia, Pseudomonas, Agrobacterium y cinco géneros de hongos Fusarium, Aspergillium, Mucor, Rhizopus y Geomyces, distribuidos en las tres localidades con diferente frecuencia. En la caracterización físicoquímica de los lixiviados, según el test de Tukey no se presentaron diferencias (P>0.05); el pH y los sólidos totales (ST) de los lixiviados, es decir la materia suspendida o disuelta sedimentable, variaron entre 8,3 y 17.666 mg/L para los materiales de Fuente de Oro, y 8,9 y 18.882 mg/L para los de Villavicencio, presentando pH alcalinos en todos los casos; además se presentó una alta alcalinidad de los lixiviados que varió alrededor de 13.529 mgCaCO3/L para los de Fuente de Oro y 14100 mgCaCO3/L para los de Granada; por otra parte la turbidez de las muestras varió entre 130 NTU en los materiales de Villavicencio y 231 NTU en los de Fuente de Oro; los contenidos de potasio (K) de los lixiviados fueron altos variando entre 4.620 y 5.300 mg/L en Villavicencio y Granada respectivamente, indicando que los lixiviados de las tres zonas son poco biodegradables; según las correlaciones de Pearson los lixiviados por sus altos contenidos en potasio requieren de un mayor tiempo de maduración para disminuir la dureza y la alcalinidad, reduciéndose así la presencia de los iones bicarbonato, carbonato, magnesio y calcio en las muestras. Las correlaciones de Pearson indicaron que el pH de los lixiviados estuvo positivamente correlacionado con los ST (r=0.99), la alcalinidad (r=0.94), el hierro (Fe) (r=0.93) y la demanda química de oxígeno (DQO) (r=1.0); el pH guardo una correlación negativa con la turbidez (r=-0.99) y la dureza total (r= -0.94). Los lixiviados de Fuente de Oro y Granada estuvieron más cercanos en cuanto a los resultados de caracterización fisicoquímica, indicando mayor biodegradabilidad de los mismos (30%), comparados con los de Villavicencio (20%).
THE STANDARD VAT RATE AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FISCAL POLICY IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES
Authors: Jarczok-Guzy Magdalena
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this article is to present and assess the impact of a standard VAT rate on fiscal revenues of the European Union Member States. The article follows the method of economic statistical analysis and offers a review of available literature on the subject. The basic VAT rates of the European Union countries are presented, compared and correlated with tax revenues related to consumption taxes in the years 2005–2019. These years were chosen for analysis because of the biggest European Union enlargement which took place during 2004. A statistical analysis was conducted. The data of a correlation coefficient for each country and the dynamics indicators were calculated. The results of the statistical analysis for Member States were interpreted. The article assesses the relationship between the standard VAT rate and the share of consumption tax revenues in GDP.
HOUSEHOLDS SAVINGS AND FINANCIAL BEHAVIOR IN RELATION TO THE ABILITY TO HANDLE FINANCIAL EMERGENCIES: CASE STUDY OF KOSOVO
Authors: Lulaj Enkeleda , Dragusha Blerta , Lulaj Donjeta , Rustaj Vjollca , Gashi Albiona
Published: July 2021

To reflect the financial situation of households, especially for emergencies, the main purpose of this research is to analyze financial behavior in relation to savings. This research explains the interaction of minimum savings rules and committed forms of saving, which means that the use of personal budgets depends on financial behavior due to insecurity and the financial situation of families. The research is consistent with some empirical findings on financial behavior in relation to savings, which affect the growth or decline of the economy, because the lower the well-being of families the lower the economic growth or vice versa. The validation of the hypotheses was realized through the analysis of field findings, using the econometric model of savings in relation to financial behavior through factor analysis, reliability analysis and multiple regression analysis. The main finding of this research is the lack of financial behavior to save for emergencies. These findings are important in order for households to be aware of financial behavior in relation to savings, because there is no emergency fund to cover their needs.
FORENSIC ACCOUNTING AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR FRAUD DETECTION AND PREVENTION IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR: MODERATING ON MINISTRIES, DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES IN NIGERIA
Authors: Olaniyan Niyi Oladipo , Ekundayo Ayodele Temitope , Oluwadare Oladimeji Emmanuel , Omolade Bamisaye Theresa
Published: July 2021

The study examined forensic accounting as an instrument of detection and prevention of fraud in Nigeria. It specifically examined the influence of forensic accounting on detection and prevention of fraud in Ministries, Departments and Agencies in Nigeria. The study is predicated on policeman theory, white collar theory, fraud diamond theory. Primary sources of data were employed which covered the period of ten (10) years spanning from 2010 to 2020. A cross sectional Survey design was adopted. A Questionnaire was used in data collection from the staff of Integrated Personnel Payroll Information System and Office of the Account General of Federation. Seventy-five (75) questionnaires were used as the sample size. The study adopts descriptive statistics while regression analysis was used to test the stated hypotheses. The result of the findings showed that forensic accounting has positive and significant influence on fraud prevention, but foreign account has no total control on fraud detection. It was also revealed that forensic litigation has no significant positive influence on recovery of funds lost to fraud. The study recommends that forensic accounting systems should be allowed as a procedure for internal control systems so as to prevent or reduce the level of income leakages, mismanagement of funds and budget padding.
SCO-267, a GPR40 Full Agonist, Stimulates Islet and Gut Hormone Secretion and Improves Glycemic Control in Humans
Authors: Nishizaki Harunobu , Matsuoka Osamu , Kagawa Tomoya , Kobayashi Akihiro , Watanabe Masanori , Moritoh Yusuke
Published: July 2021

SCO-267 is a full agonist of the free fatty acid receptor 1 (GPR40), which regulates the secretion of islet and gut hormones. In this phase 1 study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical profile of single and multiple once-daily oral administration of SCO-267 in healthy adults and patients with diabetes. Plasma SCO-267 concentration was seen to increase in a dose-dependent manner after administration, and its plasma exposure was maintained for 24 h. Repeated dose did not alter the pharmacokinetic profile of SCO-267 in healthy adults. SCO-267 was generally safe and well tolerated at all evaluated single and multiple doses. Single and repeated doses of SCO-267 stimulated the secretion of insulin, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide 1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, and peptide YY in healthy adults. Furthermore, a single dose of SCO-267 stimulated the secretion of these hormones, decreased fasting hyperglycemia, and improved glycemic control during an oral glucose tolerance test in patients with diabetes, without inducing hypoglycemia. This study is the first to demonstrate the clinical effects of a GPR40 full agonist. SCO-267 is safe and well tolerated and exhibits once-daily oral dosing potential. Its robust therapeutic effects on hormonal secretion and glycemic control make SCO-267 an attractive drug candidate for the treatment of diabetes.
Role of Ubiquilins in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Wang Hongmin
Published: July 2021

Ubiquilin (Ubqln) proteins, including Ubqln1-4, are a family of ubiquitin-like (UBL) proteins that structurally contain anN-terminalubiquitin-like domain, a C-terminalubiquitin-associated (UBA) domain, and aninternal variable number of Stil repeat motifs. Unlike those small molecule ubiquitin-like proteins, Ubqln proteins cannot be covalently tagged to the proteins that are targeted to the proteasome for degradation. Instead, this family of proteins binds to thepolyubiquitinated proteins via the UBA domain and delivers them to the proteasome for degradation, despite their involving in autophagy-mediated protein degradation. Increasing studies have suggested that Ubqln proteins play important roles in mediating the degradation of damaged/misfolded proteins and thus theirinsufficiencies or dysfunctionsare frequently associated with different neurodegenerative disorders. This review summarizes the role of Ubqln proteins in several neurodegenerative disorders.
In Vitro Antiplasmodial Activity of Aqueous Leaves Extract of Azadirachta Indica (Juss), Senna occidentalis (Linn) against Combination Therapy of Both Plants Extract on the Multiplication of Plasmodium Falciparum (Laveran)
Authors: Alkali Kaumi
Published: July 2021

This study investigated the antiplasmodial effects of leaves extract of Azadirachta indica, Senna occidentalis and Combination therapy of both plans extracts using RPMI 1640 culture media (in vitro). Parasite density was determined by counting the number of Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocyte in 5,000 erythrocytes of the culture, thin blood smear were prepared and stained with Giemsa stain. Varying concentrations of the extracts such as 10, 20, to 100 mg/mL were prepared, the effect of the leaves extracts against the growth of schizonts were dose dependant. A. indica showed highest growth inhibition (96.92%) at 70m g/ml. However, the schizonts were found to be inhibited by the leaves extract of S. occidetalis at the highest concentration (100 mg/mL) with growth inhibition of 98.46%, there was no significant difference in the anti-malaria efficacy among the leave extracts and the Combination therapy (p<0.05) at 100 mg/mL. The results of phytochemical screening indicated A. indica and S.occidentalis contain Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Saponins, Saponins glycosides, Steroids and Terpenoids. The result of the study showed that Azadirachta indica and Senna occidentalis contain pharmacologically active compounds, hence they are potential antimalaria.
Hemodialysis or Transplantation for Ethiopia: A Cost Utility Analysis
Authors: Shimels Tariku
Published: July 2021

Background: The burden of end stage kidney disease (ESKD) characterized with a requirement with lifesaving dialysis or kidney transplantation is estimated to be more than 1.4 million whereas the annual incidence exceeds 8% worldwide. In Ethiopia, there is no renal transplant practice whereas hemodialysis is characterized with very limited number of dialysis centers in the capital; Addis Ababa. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the cost-utility of hemodialysis and renal transplantation in Ethiopia. Method: A cost utility evaluation (CUA) was produced to estimate if kidney transplantation would be a cost-effective alternative to hemodialysis. The decision model was developed as a decision tree that allows for comparisons of costutility evaluation between the two alternatives. While a patient perspective was used in the study, The Probabilities cost of transplant and effects included in this study were derived from the literature following a formal MEDLINE search for studies published in English language. Results: Transplantation resulted in an incremental cost of $42,623.74 and incremental utility of 3.18 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) compared with conventional hemodialysis presented with an incremental cost of $25,902.08 but very less QALY of 0.36 over a five years’ time horizon. Given its higher incremental costs, transplantation remained more cost effective than hemodialysis (ICUR of 13414.67 vs. 71860.00 $/QALY). The one way ANOVA sensitivity analysis has also confirmed that the result of the CUA is not sensitive to any plausible parameter changes. Conclusion: Our cost utility analysis result demonstrated that the incremental cost utility ratio of a patient’s five year therapy by hemodialysis at end-stage renal disease is significantly higher than by performing therapy of kidney transplantation, by more than a factor of five times.
K-means Clustering Algorithm for Myocardial Infarction Classification
Authors: Ismail Saied Husham Farouk
Published: July 2021

Heart attack is one of the main causes of death around the world. The electrocardiogram (ECG) is considered as an effective method to diagnose heart diseases. In this study, the classification approach will be applied to distinguish between myocardial infarctions (MI) subtypes. The abnormalities approval depends on morphological analysis used to detect the appearance or absence of some specific features in ECG graph. The classification approach consists of many basic steps such as data segmentation and various kinds of noise removal. Stemming filter will be used for detection of some features through a large number of data. Features selection and normalization approaches will be used for data validation and significant clustering. Finally, the K-means clustering will be used to differentiate between MI subtypes. The statistical analyses such as Precision, Recall, and F-Score were used to evaluate the performance of the K-mean algorithm. The F-score achievement is indicated at 0.98% in significant clustering and with 87.61% in right classification of MI subtypes.
Developments in Segmentation of Abdominal Liver CT Images for Cancer and Other Disease Lesion Detection
Authors: S Hariharan
Published: July 2021

Segmentation is one of the most important and widely used methods in medical image analysis. It is considered to be a high level image processing technique and can be used for many applications in medical imaging. CT images are commonly used in medical field and it provides clear picture of the internal organs. However in some places further processing of CT images are required for disease diagnosis and lesion detection. This work is an effort for bringing out clinical information from liver images of computed tomography based on image processing. Finally liver tumor classifications have been performed using texture based image analysis.
The Effect of Mastery Cooperative Learning Strategy and Individual Inquiry on Attaining the Technical Aspects of the Stages of Shot Put and Digital Achievement using the Linear Method among Vietnam University Students
Authors: Thuc Dao Chanh
Published: July 2021

Physiological indicators say a lot about the preparedness and performance of athletes. This study investigates the Effect of mastery cooperative learning strategy and individual inquiry in using the linear method among female students of An Giang University, the study sample consisted of (57) female students enrolled in track and field course (1) at the Faculty of physical education at An Giang University during the first quarter 2016/2017. The sample was divided into three equal groups. The first group (n=19) taught using the mastery cooperative learning strategy, the second group (n=19) taught using the individual inquiry strategy, while the third group (n=19) was taught using the traditional method. Results showed that there were statistical differences in favor of the mastery cooperative learning strategy and individual inquiry strategy over the traditional way.
The Molecular Detection of mecA Genes of Staphylococcus Aureus
Authors: N Nwaogaraku Cynthia
Published: July 2021

Antibiotic resistance is common among pathogenic bacteria associated with community acquired and nosocomial infections. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections have become a global health problem particularly in hospital setup causing simple skin infections to life threatening infections. The present study aimed to investigate the presence of mecA genes in MRSA from pigs, using Polymerase Chain Reaction. One hundred S. aureus isolates of blood samples from Pigs in Bariga, Lagos State were collected from Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Unit, Nigeria Institute of Medical Research. Methicillin resistance was determined by Kirby-Bauer’s disc diffusion method. The PCR was used for mecA gene detection from MRSA strains. Twenty-five pure Staphylococcus aureus isolates were identified based on cultural characteristics, biochemical reactions and positive slide coagulase test. Out of these, 11 (44%) strains were MRSA by phenotypic method. Amplification of mecA gene for all the 11 MRSA isolates was negative when visualized on 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. Eleven strains of MRSA were found among Staphylococcus aureus isolates of blood samples from Pigs. The MRSA phenotype observed in the isolates was not the classical mecA mediated resistance. Hence, it is highly recommended to consider alternative mechanisms for β-lactams resistance that may compete with mecA gene in the emergence of MRSA phenomenon in Nigeria.
Social Return to Education: Empirical Study from Dhofar Region in Oman
Authors: Ahmed Hussein Muawya
Published: July 2021

A model was developed in this paper to examine the effect of wife and husbands' education, mother age, age at first marriage and child mortality on fertility among women in Dhofar Region, Oman. Econometric techniques are applied to examine social returns to female education. Descriptive statistics and ordinary least squares (OLS) methods are used for data analysis. The results suggest that mother’s education, child mortality, mother’s age and age at first marriage are important factors in determining the fertility level. Mother’s education, particularly secondary and university education, are found to have a significant negative impact on fertility, whereas child mortality, mother’s age and age at first marriage have significant positive impact on fertility.
Characteristics and Micromorphology of Designed Regenerative a Cellular Dermal Collagen Particles Derived from a Combined Procedure of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Fluids and Protease Treatments at Low Temperatures
Authors: Cheng Huang Ching
Published: July 2021

A new regenerative collagen particle with extra-cellular matrix (ECM) was designed and prepared from porcine dermal. A specific tissue-cutting machine was designed to prepare extra thin tissue membranes, which could be used for preparing the regenerative collagen particles with ECM. Furthermore, a novel procedure combining supercritical carbon dioxide fluids technology and protease treatments at low temperatures was employed. Characteristics of the resulting regenerative collagen particles with ECM were observed by determining morphology, thermal property and mechanical property for clinic application of medical devices
Analysis of Different Data Sets of the Same Clinical Trial May Yield Different Results
Authors: Mehmet Yusuf Emin
Published: July 2021

In a randomized clinical trial (RCT), analysis of different data sets of the same clinical trial may change the meaningfulness of the difference between the study groups depending on which data sets are compared. Possible data sets are intention to treat (ITT), per protocol or on treatment (PP), as treated (AT). The specific conditions that may cause the greatest likelihood of affecting the outcome, depending on the choice of data sets compared should be further investigated.
More than Meets the Eye: An Interesting Case of Cardiac Tamponade
Authors: A Clarke Camille
Published: July 2021

This interesting case highlights the presentation of a 68-year-old Latino male with coronary artery disease and coronary artery bypass graft surgery eight years who presented with non-specific respiratory symptoms. At the time of his initial evaluation he was noted to have persistent bigeminy and a 5 beat run of ventricular tachycardia. During his hospital stay he was again noted to have marked arrhythmias, with a 40 beat run of ventricular tachycardia. Urgent echocardiogram was obtained and revealed significant pericardial effusion compressing his right ventricle. On cardiac catheterization patient was found to have a patent graft but trasudative pericardial fluid causing tamponade and arrhythmia both which completely resolved after drainage. Learning Objective 1: Recognize ventricular arrhythmias as an atypical presentation of pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade. Learning Objective 2: Appreciate the utility of echocardiogram in elucidating etiologies of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia.
Isolation and Characterization of New Compound and its Antibacterial Activities from Stem-Bark Extract of Barringtonia Asiatica
Authors: John Umaru Isaac
Published: July 2021

Objective: This investigation involves the extraction, isolation, and characterization of chemical constituents from a Barringtonia family plant, Barringtonia asiatica followed by Antibacterial, cytotoxicity and evaluation of its antioxidant principles. Methods: The dried stem-bark powders were subjected to sequential soaking with polar and nonpolar solvents and extraction using rota-vap. Dichloromethane extract reveals the presence of significant amount of phytochemicals. The dichloromethane extract was subjected to isolation using column chromatographic analysis with solvents such as, dichloromethane, chloroform, hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. Further, the isolated compound was subjected to thin layer chromatography technique and spectral analysis such as infrared, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FT-IR, and mass spectroscopy. The antibacterial using agar disc method. Results: The compound was isolated in hexane: ethyl acetate (9:1) and dichloromethane: ethyl acetate in the solvent system in the ratio of 9:1 and 7:3, respectively using column chromatographic technique. On the basis of phytochemical, chromatographic, and spectral analysis, the isolated compounds were identified as Nerolidiol and Heneicosane. Conclusion: This compound was isolated for the first time from the stem-bark of Barringtonia asiatica. The in vitro antioxidant assay of isolated compounds has shown a dose-dependent increase in free radical scavenging activity using DPPH, the antibacterial and artemia salina cytotoxicity testing showed a significant result. The chromatographic separation led to the isolation of Nerolidiol (1) and Heneicosane (2). Their structures were determined by 1H-NMR, 13CNMR, IR and MS data analysis as well as by comparison of their data with the published values.
Therapeutic Toxicity of Sunshine Vitamin with Zeitgeber Times
Authors: Ahmed Khan Tanveer
Published: July 2021

Vitamin D is a vitamin found in fewer amounts in most of world population. More than 40% American adults and 65% Pakistani population have deficiency of this vitamin.
Role of Regular Exercise in Preventing Recurrent Malaria Attacks in Male and Female
Authors: Samuel Adinoyi Seriki
Published: July 2021

The entire human body is generally affected by exercise. Exercise affects the physiology of every system leading to various changes which generally affect the health of the body. Malaria on the other hand is one of the diseases with the most mortality rates especially in Nigeria and Africa, killing millions every year. As lethal as malaria is, no vaccine has been produced for it. Other preventive measures that improve individual’s natural immunity against attacks are still the most effective ways of tackling the disease in the face of failing Artemisinin Combination Therapy (ACT) approved by the World Health Organisation (WHO) to manage patients attacked by the disease. This study examines the role of regular exercise on malaria occurrence among selected male and females. It was to determine whether or not regular exercise reduces the frequency of malaria occurrence? Sixty (60) healthy subjects were selected and divided into two equal groups of regularly exercising subjects and nonexercising subjects with each group consisting of an equal number of male and female subjects. The study was for a period of twelve (12) weeks with the subjects checked every two weeks to see if there was an incidence of malaria. The subjects then filled a questionnaire to ascertain other factors like duration of exercise. At the end of the study period, the non-exercising group showed a higher frequency of malaria attack in both the male and female subjects compared to their regularly exercising counterparts; the non-exercising female subjects had a mean frequency of malaria occurrence of 1.2 compared to 0.4 for the regularly exercising subjects, while the non-exercising male subjects had a mean frequency of malaria occurrence of 0.7 compared to 0.3 of the regularly exercising male subjects. The study showed that regular exercise reduces the frequency of malaria occurrence in individuals.
Antero Inferior Iliac Spine Fracture in Athletic Boy: A Case Report
Authors: Plain Pazos Claribel
Published: July 2021

Avulsion fractures of the processes of the Antero Inferior Iliac Spine are rare in daily medical practice. The clinical case of a 14-year-old male patient was presented, a high-performance baseball athlete less than 15 years of age, who during a training race from home to first base felt strong pain in the left inguinal region that caused absolute functional impotence. He was treated in the orthopedic guard corps and an X-ray of the pelvis bone, ECOSOMA and CT was performed, diagnosing a fracture due to pulling of the Antero Inferior Iliac Spine. The injury was treated conservatively with rest, knee in semi-flexion and the administration of NSAIDs orally; consolidation of the fracture was achieved after two months. He underwent physiotherapy rehabilitation for another two months. Six months after the injury occurred, the patient achieved his incorporation back to daily sports practice without loss of sports performance.
Impact of Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment on the Isotopic Abundance Ratio of Sulfamethoxazole Using LC-MS and GC-MS Spectrometry
Authors: Jana Snehasis
Published: July 2021

Sulfamethoxazole is a sulfonamide bacteriostatic antibiotic which is commonly used for the treatment of infections caused by bacteria. In this study, the impact of the Trivedi Effect®-Biofield Energy Healing Treatment on the structural properties and the isotopic abundance ratio of sulfamethoxazole was studied using LC-MS and GC-MS spectroscopy. Sulfamethoxazole sample was divided into two parts, one part of sulfamethoxazole was considered as control (no Biofield Energy Treatment was provided), while the second part was received the Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment remotely by a famous Biofield Energy Healer, Dahryn Trivedi and termed as a treated sample. The LC-MS spectra of both the samples at retention time (Rt ) 2.5 minutes exhibited the mass of the deprotonated molecular ion peak at m/z 252 [M-H]- . The peak area of the treated sulfamethoxazole was significantly increased by 42.96% compared to the control sample. The LC-MS based isotopic abundance ratio of PM+1/ PM in the treated sulfamethoxazole was significantly decreased by 49.56% compared with the control sample. Thus, 13C, 2 H, 15N, 17O, and 33S contributions from (C10H10N3 O3 S)- to m/z 253 in the treated sample were significantly decreased compared with the control sample. The GC-MS peak area% of the treated sample was significantly increased by 80.3% compared to the control sample. The GC-MS based isotopic abundance ratio of PM+1/PM and PM+2/PM in the treated sulfamethoxazole was significantly altered by 119.53% and -25.48%, respectively compared with the control sample. Hence, 13C, 2 H, 15N, 17O, 18O, 33S, and 34S contributions from (C10H11N3 O3 S)+ to m/z 254 and 255 in the treated sample were significantly altered compared with the control sample. The isotopic abundance ratios of PM+1/PM (2 H/1 H or 13C/12C or 15N/14N or 17O/16O or 33S/32S) and PM+2/ PM (18O/16O or 34S/32S) in the treated sulfamethoxazole were significantly altered compared to the control sample. It can be assumed that the changes in peak area%, isotopic abundance, and mass peak intensities could be due to changes in nuclei possibly through the interference of neutrino particles via the Trivedi Effect®. The new form of sulfamethoxazole would be more efficacious pharmaceutical formulations that might offer better solubility, dissolution, absorption, bioavailability and therapeutic response against urinary tract infections, tuberculosis, traveler’s diarrhoea, ear infections, shigellosis, bronchitis, and pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, etc.
How to Measure the Performance of Social Innovation? Case Study of Hungarian Social Cooperatives
Authors:   Faculty of Economics University of Miskolc, Hungary, Bozsik Sandor  , Szeman Judit ,   Faculty of Economics University of Miskolc, Hungary, Musinszki Zoltán ,   Faculty of Economics University of Miskolc, Hungary
Published: July 2021

Innovation is a key element of economic development and a key factor in social processes. Technological and economic innovations cannot respond to all social challenges. However, innovation - the search for new and innovative solutions - needs to be interpreted more broadly than before. In line with social changes, the European Union pays more attention to the context of social innovation. The social enterprises play a vital role in modern societies. The subject of our study is social cooperatives, which are a type of social enterprise. The social cooperatives offer an opportunity to improve the employment skills. However, the management of this enterprises faces several dilemmas how can build up an effective control system of a social enterprises in Central-Europe. As our questionnaire stated, the major problem of social cooperative is the quality of available labour force. This paper focuses the applicability of the traditional Balanced Scorecard system to the special needs of a social cooperative. Here one area of the Balances Scorecard will be highlighted – the Human Resource management and how the tools can be effectively adapted to the social cooperatives. A report system and a ratio analysis tool are developed to help the work of social cooperative managers. The focus of this paper research question how can improve the monitoring of Human Resource Management in social enterprises like social cooperatives. In the introduction part of this paper the importance of social innovation is emphasized, and a brief introduction to the development of controlling tools is provided. Next, part of our broader questionnaire is presented to highlight the importance of Human Resource Management in the Hungarian social cooperatives. In the discussion part a special BSC is presented which is based on Bull’s social enterprise Business Scorecard system. The Human Resouce Management should consider the regulatory requirements of granting authority, so these are briefly introduced. Finally, some indicators and tables are presented which can help the Human Resource Management in a social innovation enterprise.
Formation of Sociolinguistic Competences of Students of High Education Institutions
Authors: Yuzkiv Halyna , Roman Viktoriia , Lazareva Alla , Chorna Lyubov , Lutsak Svitlana , Artemenko Svitlana
Published: July 2021

The aim of the research is to establish the link between the students' success and active social and communicative competence while studying foreign languages. The method of experiment has been determined as the main one in the research. The results of the experiment were evaluated based on questionnaires, tests, the method of observation and statistical methods. The result of the study is to determine a set of exercises, materials, components of the method of forming socio-cultural competence, using which the future specialist must be fluent in foreign languages and demonstrate a high ability to communicate successfully, increasing student achievement in groups that actively used sociolinguistic perspectives in teaching languages. It was reported that the use of sociolinguistic aspects in the teaching process contributes to the quality study of the disciplines of the language corpus.
Physical education of children aged 3 to 5 years as the main demographic factor
Authors: Tarasova Maria Ilinichna , Vasileva Lidia Anatolevna , Vishnyakova Viktoriya Aleksandrovna , Volkov Daniil Vladimirovich , Povorina Elena Vasilevna
Published: July 2021

The article presents the results of a sociological survey of parents of children aged 3-5 years in the regions of the Russian Federation to determine individual needs (motivation) in conditions for physical culture and sports. A detailed study of the issue of physical education of children aged 3 to 5 years made it possible to determine its impact on the demographic situation, as well as to highlight the main problems of involving children in activities related to physical development and to establish the main reasons that impede physical education and sports. It has been determined that physical education of children in Russia aged 3-5 years is advisable to be carried out systematically, using a complex of programs that takes into account the needs of the child under his age, providing for the organization of sports and entertainment events and compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards.
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DI MASA PANDEMI MELALUI PERTANIAN ORGANIK DI LAHAN PEKARANGAN KAWASAN PERKOTAAN JAWA BARAT
Authors: Karyani Tuti , Djuwendah Endah , Sukayat Yayat
Published: July 2021

Masa pandemi covid-19 merupakan masa dimana lebih banyak menggunakan waktu di rumah, untuk menghindari terpaparnya virus tersebut. Pemanfaatan waktu ini bisa digunakan secara positif dengan memanfaatkan lahan pekarangan yang ditanami sayuran, tabulampot dan tanaman hias secara organik. Kondisi ini menjadi menarik sebagai topik pengabdian pada masyarakat (PPM) yang dikemas dalam Pengabdian Masyarakat terintegrasi dengan KKN Mahasiswa. Oleh karena itu metode yang digunakan adalah metode blended antara daring (virtual) dan sebagian kecil luring dengan protokol kesehatan yang ketat. Sasaran (mitra) PPM adalah yang bisa menguasai smartphone atau laptop, sehingga terjaring  mitra (sasaran) adalah golongan masyarakat yang usianya muda dan berpendidikan SMA serta mahasiswa yang hobby bertani. Mitra mahasiswa KKN berdomisili di sekitar tempat tinggal mahasiswa yaitu di perkotaan dan  menyebar di beberapa kota Jawa Barat. Materi yang diberikan ialah tentang pertanian organik, pembuatan pupuk organik nabati, pupuk organik cair, pembuatan pestisida organik dan aplikasi pemanfaatan pekarangan dengan usaha tani bunga telang organik. Pada saat pre-test tingkat pengetahuan sebagian besar sudah tinggi namun tingkat keterampilan masih rendah, namun setelah diberikan pelatihan terjadi perubahan semua aspek baik pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan meningkat.
PENGENALAN LITERASI GUNA MENGATASI HOAKS SAAT PANDEMI
Authors: Yanto Andri
Published: July 2021

Perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi menjadikan informasi tidak dapat dibendung dan banyak memberikan manfaat, namun adapula sisi negatif yang muncul dengan adanya informasi palsu yang beredar di masyarakat. Hal ini menjadi tantangan bagi para pustakawan dengan kemampusn literasi yang dimilikinya ataupun berbagai pihak dalam gerakan literasi yang memiliki kepedulian terhadap berbagai sumber informasi yang digunakan oleh sebagaian masyarakat yang masih terjebak dalam informasi hoaks. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka diupayakanlah sebuah kegiatan sosialisasi dan edukasi dengan cara pemberian ceramah ataupun transfer pengetahuan kepada masyarakat terkait informasi hoaks di masa pandemi Covid-19. Hasil dan pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa masih diperlukan sebuah media dan kegiatan untuk mengedukasi masyarakat terkait berbagai informasi yang diterima melalui berbagai media. Adanya sarana edukasi tersebut dapat meningkatkan tingkat pemahaman masyarakat dalam membedakan mana yang tergolong hoax ataupun bukan. Peserta dapat membedakan jenis hoaks yang pernah mereka terima dengan menyatakan bahwa itu merupakan bagian dari misinformasi, disinformasi ataupun malinformasi.