bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STIGMATIZATION AND CRIMINALIZATION OF THE HOMELESSNESS: SOME PERSPECTIVES IN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA
Authors:   Faculty of Security – Skopje, Stefanovska Vesna
Published: July 2023

Homelessness is a phenomenon present in all countries of the world. In almost all major cities, in certain parts, i.e. inhabited or abandoned places, homeless people can be found begging or sleeping on the street, on a bench, under bridges, in makeshift houses with substandard housing conditions. Such images are numerous and show the ugly side both of the highly developed countries and of the poor and underdeveloped countries of the Global South. The topic is often debated and researched in the public-political sphere, as well as in the academic or civil sector, and encompasses many issues: human rights and discrimination of the homeless, social protection and social prevention policies, housing policy and other structural factors related to poverty and unemployment in the countries, health and mental condition of the homeless, humanism and solidarity versus marginalization and social exclusion of this vulnerable category. In this paper, the process of stigmatization and criminalization of homeless people will be specially elaborated. Additionally, certain phenomenological and etiological aspects will be analysed, as well as certain conditions in Macedonia related to the registration and social protection policies related to homelessness as a social problem. Keywords: homeless people, stigmatization, pathway to homelessness, social exclusion
TACTICS OF APPLICATION OF MEASURES AND ACTIONS IN THE CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION OF ECONOMIC - FINANCIAL CRIME
Authors:   Faculty of Security – Skopje, Nikoloska Svetlana
Published: July 2023

Economic-financial crime is a special group of crimes for which legal measures and actions are applied for detection, clarification and provision of evidence, but in order to achieve appropriate results for provision of relevant evidentiary material, appropriate tactics are needed in the criminal investigation. The detection of this crime is related to obtaining information of a certain category of perpetrators who commit crimes related to their jobs, performing certain functions or duties; the crime is related to abusement in the performance of the crime, and the motives are abuse of powers and acquisition of unlawful property benefit. The process of detection is followed by tactics for obtaining operational information, a process of branching out with tactics of applying legal measures and actions. The subject of this paper is an analysis of the tactics related to the application of legal measures and actions, and the most important ones related to the insight into business documentation, the tactics of conducting a conversation with suspects and the tactics of securing economicfinancial documentation and those related to the entire selection and provision of relevant evidentiary material. Keywords: economic – financial crime, abuse of powers, insight into business documentation
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors:   PhD candidate at the Faculty of Security – Skopje, Velkoska Emilija
Published: July 2023

The most widespread type of gender-based violence is the violence against women which results in psychological, physical, and sexual violence. Domestic violence is a crime that is most often reported by the victims of domestic violence. However, it can be reported by anyone who has got indication and knowledge about it, such as a family member, or someone from the neighborhood, relatives, friends, etc. Institutions which work in this domain, such as the Ministry of Interior, the Ministry of Labor and Social Policy, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Justice, as well as the non-governmental sector which offers free legal aid to the victims of domestic violence, are of particular importance. During the corona virus pandemic, the victims of domestic violence who need help, most often women and girls, are given support to be encouraged to report these cases to the competent institutions on the telephone number 192, or at the nearest police station. In addition to restrictive measures during curfew and prohibited movement of citizens, potential victims of domestic violence get a feeling of anxiety, fear, powerlessness, and captivity with the perpetrator of violence. The subject of the research are reported cases in the field of domestic violence before and during the pandemic of Covid-19, i.e., criminal acts and complaints from domestic violence, as well as the structural analysis by the Departments of Interior. The time frame that will be covered is the statistics for 2018, 2019, and 2020 from the Ministry of Interior in the Republic of North Macedonia. The Ministry of Interior is the main institution in undertaking a series of measures and activities, as follows: prevention of this type of violence, receiving reports, on-site inspection, protection of the victim, detection and finding the perpetrator of violence, examination and search, documentation at an event, finding objects to prove the crime, confiscation of the firearm if the perpetrator owns or has committed a crime with it. Keywords: domestic violence, victim, perpetrator, crime, pandemic, curfew, etc
THE ROLE AND IMPACT OF CULTURAL DIPLOMACY IN CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION
Authors:   Ministry of Interior of the Republic of North Macedonia, Djugomanova Ivana
Published: July 2023

Globalization and the growing dynamics in international relations require a focus on culture and its opportunities to enrich and expand the content of foreign policy programs. The use of the capacities of culture and its transformation into an element of foreign policy does not mean simplification of the specific and unique character of culture but it is more an approach for more complete distribution and accumulation of additional resources in its development. The link between culture and government is strengthened by the competence of cultural diplomacy. In the age of globalization, the challenges have become much greater, especially when it comes to countries where prejudices against another culture are part of the social order. How can culture and cultural diplomacy shape domestic and international politics and credibly impose their national identity on the rest of the world? Hence, the main goal of this research is to define the role of cultural diplomacy in globalization and its contribution to resolving potential cultural conflicts that arise as a product of globalization. Several issues will be explored. Are there any positive or negative effects of globalization on cultural diplomacy? Can the melting of cultures and the cultural identity of the individual be a potential indicator of conflict? And what can cultural diplomacy do about it? The methods of analysis, follow-up and interpretation will be used in the preparation of the content of the paper. Keyterms: that will be used in the preparation of this scientific research paper are: globalization, cultural diplomacy, security, culture, and international relations.
RESPECTING THE PRACTICE OF THE COURT CASE: SELMANI AND OTHERS V. THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA, (APPLICATION NO. 67259/14), AS A PREREQUISITE TO SAFE JOURNALISTS IN PARLIAMENTS
Authors:   Ph.D. Candidate at Faculty of Security – Skopje, Sekulovski Dragan
Published: July 2023

Journalism is a public good from which citizens should benefit. For journalism to accomplish its mission as a public good, journalists and media must be independent and economically sustainable. Most importantly, they must be safe in performing their professional duty to professionally inform the public. Nevertheless, how can journalists report in a situation when they are forcibly expelled from the national parliament? What are the implications of such a case, and what are the lessons learned? This paper provides an overview of the court case of “SELMANI AND OTHERS V. “THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA” by the European Court of Human Rights in which violation of the right to freedom of expression under Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights is proclaimed for the forcible removal of journalists from the gallery of the Parliament of Macedonia on 24 December 2012. The methodology in preparing this paper is based on an assessment of the stated court case, other cases relevant to Article 10 of the ECHR, follow-up documents by competent authorities and credible media reports. The importance of this case can be seen from the fact that it represents the first court case of ECtHR for breaching Article 10 of the Convention in Macedonia and second that this case represents an essential practice that gives knowledge to all members of the Council of Europe how to assure that the freedom of speech and freedom of information should be secured within the national parliaments. Keywords: freedom of expression, freedom of speech, fair trial, safety of journalists
Una nueva estrategia integral para modelar materiales urbanos para ciudades térmicamente habitables. Un caso de estudio en Madrid = A new integrated strategy for modelling urban materials for thermally liveable cities. A case study in Madrid
Authors: Giancola Emanuela , López Helena , Soutullo Silvia , Sánchez M. Nuria , Zarzalejo Luis F. , Gamarra Ana , Herrera Israel , Ferrer J. Antonio , Naboni Emanuele
Published: July 2023

Desde el punto de vista térmico, el uso de materiales multifuncionales e innovadores en las superficies urbanas puede proporcionar mejoras radicales y reducir el efecto de Isla de Calor Urbana. En la simulación energética de edificios se ha prestado poca atención a las interacciones, no despreciables, entre la envolvente exterior de los edificios, la demanda energética y su impacto en el microclima urbano. Las herramientas actuales de simulación de edificios tienen una capacidad limitada para evaluar estas interrelaciones. Por estas razones, es necesario crear flujos de trabajo basados en simulaciones ad-hoc capaces de evaluar la influencia de los materiales y sus impactos en ambientes exteriores e interiores. Este artículo muestra la estrategia de simulación que se utilizará en un proyecto de investigación nacional cuyo objetivo es validar la viabilidad del uso de materiales urbanos optimizados, mediante simulación. Para ello se utilizará un innovador flujo de trabajo racionalizado basado en la herramienta Grasshopper.AbstractFrom a thermal point of view, the use of multifunctional and innovative materials in urban surfaces can provide radical improvements and reduce the Urban Heat Island effect. In building energy simulation, little attention has been paid to the non-negligible interactions between the external building envelope, energy demand and its impact on the urban microclimate. Current building simulation tools are limited in their ability to assess these interrelationships. For these reasons, it is necessary to create workflows based on ad-hoc simulations capable of assessing the influence of materials and their impacts on outdoor and indoor environments. This article shows the simulation strategy to be used in a national research project aiming to validate the feasibility of using optimised urban materials through simulation. An innovative streamlined workflow based on the Grasshopper tool will be used for this purpose.
Menores y agresiones sexuales facilitadas por drogas: Entre la sumisión y la vulnerabilidad química
Authors: Rial Antonio , García-Couceiro Nuria , Gómez Patricia , Braña Teresa , Isorna Manuel
Published: July 2023

Las agresiones sexuales facilitadas por drogas (DFSA) constituyen un tópico que viene suscitando una creciente preocupación social en los últimos años. Pese a ello, son pocos los trabajos empíricos llevados a cabo en España que hayan analizado el fenómeno desde un enfoque preventivo. El objetivo de este trabajo, además de aportar nueva evidencia respecto a las DFSA, concretamente en el ámbito de los menores, ha sido identificar posibles variables asociadas, contribuyendo así a comprender mejor el problema y a diseñar políticas de prevención más eficaces. Para ello se realizó una encuesta entre menores de la comunidad autónoma gallega. Participaron 7.181 estudiantes de 12 a 17 años (M= 14,79; DT=1,57). La recogida de datos se realizó mediante un cuestionario autoadministrado. Los datos referentes a las DFSA fueron recogidos mediante ítems específicos, pilotados previamente. Se utilizaron también instrumentos para el cribado de consumos problemáticos (AUDIT, CAST, CRAFFT y EUPI-a). Los resultados permiten estimar la tasa de victimización por DFSA en menores gallegos en un 1,7%, de los que únicamente habrían denunciado el 11,4%. Más allá del perfil sociodemográfico de las víctimas (mujeres en 2 de cada 3 casos), éstas presentan patrones diferenciados respecto al patrón de consumo problemático de alcohol y otras sustancias y al patrón de uso problemático de Internet y redes sociales, con una prevalencia significativamente mayor de conductas de riesgo online. Ello sugiere que este fenómeno va mucho más allá de la violencia sexual, por lo que es preciso abordarlo a nivel preventivo desde una perspectiva integral, incluyendo la perspectiva educativa y de salud pública.
Penerapan Strategi E-Commerce dalam Meningkatkan Produktivitas UKM Sentra Industri Bambu Setia Karya Desa Brajan, Minggir, Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors:   Universitas Islam Indonesia, Wahyu Santoso Dwi , Dyah Prabaswari Atyanti ,   Universitas Islam Indonesia, Basumerda Chancard ,   Universitas Islam Indonesia, Dila Sari Amarria ,   Universitas Islam Indonesia, Purnomo Hari ,   Universitas Islam Indonesia, Worldailmi Elanjati ,   Universitas Islam Indonesia, Hartomo Hartomo ,   Universitas Islam Indonesia
Published: July 2023

Digitalisasi dalam berbagai bidang secara umum telah diakui sebagai salah satu akselerator dalam pembangunan perekonomian di Indonesia, termasuk bagi usaha kecil, dan menengah (UKM). Salah satu bidang yang melakukan transformasi secara masif seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi adalah bidang pemasaran. Strategi pemasaran digital atau digital marketing menggunakan media seperti situs web, media sosial, basis data, maupun digital audio & video, banyak dilakukan untuk menjangkau pelanggan secara lebih luas. Penggunaan media digital memberikan banyak manfaat untuk UKM, termasuk menciptakan afinitas merek dan brand awareness. Pengoptimalan penggunaan media digital untuk meningkatkan brand awareness produk bambu dalam pengabdian ini akan dilakukan dengan pengadaan pelatihan teoritis, pelatihan praktek secara langsung, dan proses evaluasi dan monitoring. Berdasarkan pelaksanaan strategi E-Commerce dalam meningkatkan produktivitas UKM sentra industri bambu CV. Setia Karya, penerapan strategi pemasaran melalui Whatsapp Business dapat disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan ini memberikan dampak positif yaitu peningkatan pengetahuan dan keahlian dalam bidang strategi E-Commerce guna meningkatkan penjualan produk. CV. Setia Karya sudah bisa mengambil foto produk yang menarik, melakukan editing foto dengan menambahkan watermark dan juga mengunggah produk dalam katalog pada Whatsapp Business. CV. Setia Karya bisa memberikan informasi ke konsumen dengan lebih efisien menggunakan fitur katalog yang memuat informasi berupa foto produk, deskripsi dan harga produk.
Pengolahan Limbah Rumah Tangga Menjadi Bahan Pupuk Organik Cair dan Tote bag Eco print di Desa Karanganyar, Jepara
Authors:   Universitas Muria Kudus, Tauhida Dina , Reira Christata Bellachintya ,   Universitas Muria Kudus, Anggiana Putri Nafis ,   Universitas Muria Kudus, Susilowati Devi ,   Universitas Muria Kudus
Published: July 2023

Desa Karanganyar, Kecamatan Welahan, Kabupaten Jepara merupakan desa yang memiliki wilayah lahan pertanian luas. Sebagian besar masyarakat bermata pencaharian sebagai petani. Dalam mengelola pertanian, masyarakat masih menggunakan pupuk anorganik sebagai bahan penyubur tanaman yang dapat mengakibatkan pencemaran lingkungan. Sehingga perlu pemanfaatan pupuk organik untuk memperbaiki kualitas tanah. Pupuk organik dapat dibuat dengan bahan limbah rumah tangga. Adapun limbah rumah tangga antara lain sisa makanan, air cucian beras, kotoran, dedaunan kering, dan lain sebagainya. Limbah rumah tangga cucian beras dapat digunakan sebagai bahan utama pembuatan pupuk organik yang ramah lingkungan. Kemudian dengan wilayah yang memiliki berbagai jenis tumbuhan, limbah tumbuhan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan eco print dengan nilai ekonomis lebih. Limbah tumbuhan yang dapat dimanfaatkan dari akar, batang, dan daun sebagai bahan pembuatan eco print mudah ditemukan dan dapat diolah tanpa menggunakan keahlian khusus. Oleh sebab itu, untuk membantu masyarakat mengelola limbah maka dilakukan pelatihan pembuatan pupuk organik, dan tote bag eco print. Metode pembuatan pupuk organik dengan limbah rumah tangga menggunakan bahan utama sisa air cucian beras yang difermentasi dengan gula merah cair. Sedangkan metode pembuatan totebag eco print menggunakan teknik pounding. Berdasarkan pelatihan pembuatan pupuk organik, masyarakat dapat mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan, dan mengurangi biaya pembelian pupuk karena dapat diolah sendiri. Selain itu, pembuatan tote bag eco print mampu menjadi produk usaha Desa Karanganyar.
Keypoint-Based Automated Component Placement Inspection for Printed Circuit Boards
Authors: Chung Si-Tung , Hwang Wen-Jyi , Tai Tsung-Ming
Published: July 2023

This study aims to develop novel automated computer vision algorithms and systems for component replacement inspection for Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs). The proposed algorithms are able to identify locations as well as sizes of different components. They are object detection algorithms based on keypoints of the target components. The algorithms can be implemented as neural networks consisting of two portions: frontend networks and backend networks. The frontend networks are used for the feature extractions of input images. The backend networks are adopted for producing component inspection results. Each component class can has its own frontend and backend networks. In this way, the neural model for the component class can be effectively reused for different PCBs. To reduce the computation time for the inference of the networks, different component classes can share the same frontend networks. A two-stage training process is proposed for effectively exploring features of different components for accurate component inspection. The proposed algorithm has the advantages of the simplicity for training data collection, high accuracy for defect detection, and high reusability and flexibility for online inspection. The algorithm is an effective alternative for the automated inspection in smart factory with growing demand for product quality and diversification.
Two-sided Matching Decision Method of Electricity Sales Package based on Disappointment Theory
Authors: Ruan JianYu , Wan YingTong , Ma Yuanqian
Published: July 2023

In the context of "dual carbon", with the continuous deepening of the power system reform, the application of high proportion renewable energy is becoming increasingly widespread. All sectors of society have put forward higher requirements for electricity sales packages, which can guide the behavior of power users, promote energy conservation and emission reduction, and finally promote low-carbon operation of the power market economy.Therefore, the requirements of power users and power selling companies for the power selling package are increasing, which puts forward higher requirements to the power selling package recommended by the power selling company . However, the existing recommendation methods are unable to make appropriate recommendations for the users with lack of preference information. Therefore, this paper proposes a two-sided matching decision-making method of electricity sales package based on disappointment theory. First of all, according to the incomplete fuzzy preference relationship provided by the power user and the electricity sales package, the respective priority weight vector is obtained, and then the subjective satisfaction matrix of the power user and the electricity sales package to each other is obtained; Next, the adjusted satisfaction matrix is calculated by adding the influence of the theory of joy and disappointment; Then, based on the adjusted satisfaction matrix, an optimization model aiming at maximizing the total satisfaction of power users and electricity sales packages is established, and the optimal stable matching model of power users and electricity sales packages is obtained; Finally, taking an industrial park in Zhejiang Province as an example, by using the bilateral matching method proposed in this article, the optimal matching schemes for 5 power users and 6 electricity sales packages are obtained, which shows the effectiveness and rationality of the two-sided matching decision-making method of electricity sales package based on the disappointment theory proposed in this paper.
Modelling Precipitation Intensity Impacting Vehicles in Motion
Authors: Carvalho Mateus , Hangan Horia
Published: July 2023

With advances in the development of autonomous vehicles (AVs), more attention has been paid to the effects caused by adverse weather conditions on them. It is well known that the performance of self-driving vehicles is reduced when they are exposed to stressors that impair visibility or generate water or snow accumulation on sensor surfaces. This paper proposes a model to quantify weather precipitation, such as rain and snow, perceived by moving vehicles based on outdoor data. The modelling covers a wide range of parameters, such as varying wind direction and realistic particle size distributions. The model allows the calculation of precipitation intensity on inclined surfaces of different orientations and on a circular driving path. The modelling results were partially validated against direct measurements carried out by a test vehicle. The model outputs showed strong correlation with the experimental data for both rain and snow. Mitigation strategies for heavy precipitation on vehicles can be developed and correlations between precipitation rate and accumulation level can be traced using the presented analytical model. Dimensional Analysis of the problem has highlighted the critical parameters that can help the design of future experiments. The obtained results highlight the importance of the angle of the sensing surface on the perceived precipitation level. The proposed model is used to analyze optimal orientations for minimization of the precipitation flux, which can help to determine the positioning of sensors on the surface of autonomous vehicles.
Contact Phase in Vehicle-Pedestrian Collision
Authors: Benea Bogdan , Soica Adrian
Published: July 2023

The need for continuous research to refine the models used in accident reconstruction appears with the development of new car models that satisfy consumer complaints. The paper analyzed a sub-sequence of car and pedestrian accidents, from the perspective of the distance traveled by them in the contact phase, with the aim of improving the information regarding the reconstruction of road accidents. The research included the analysis of some accidents with pedestrian dummies, as well as the simulation of the impact between different classes of vehicles and pedestrians in two different walking positions. Specialized software was used with complex multibody models of pedestrians, modifying the speed and deceleration parameters at the time of the collision. The research results highlight the differences between bilinear models used in accident reconstruction and the proposed study. They can also be used to determine the distance traveled by the vehicle in the first phase of the collision with pedestrians.
Electrochemical Investigations of Aloysia citrodora Paláu L. Water Extract for Iron-Chelation Abilities in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Baker Lee , Kataky Ritu , Howes Melanie-Jayne R. , Chazot Paul L.
Published: July 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, characterised by beta-amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and oxidative stress. Iron is suspected to enhance disease progression, and chelation may be a potential treatment. We propose that Aloysia citrodora Paláu (AC), a plant in the Verbenaceae family, can act as a moderate chelator of iron. It may reduce the effect of iron on beta-amyloid 1-42 (Aβ1-42) aggregation. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were used to demonstrate that AC can interact with iron (II) and iron (III), the two most abundant forms of iron within the body. DPV was also used to characterise Aβ1-42 aggregation, and two main features were obtained. The first is the tyrosine peak (~0.6 V) decreased in magnitude over time, which is a sign of aggregation and folding. The other is a conglomerate of peaks at ~0 V, whose identity is unknown. Furthermore, iron (II) increased the rate of tyrosine peak depreciation, and the addition of AC negated this induced effect. This implied that iron (II) increases Aβ1-42 aggregation into higher order, and AC may be an effective countermeasure.
On \Sigma-classes in E^8. IV. The neighbourhood of F_{22}
Authors: Engel Peter
Published: July 2023

In the cone of positive quadratic forms C^{8 x 8}, it is shown that

there exists in the neighbourhood of the quadratic form Q_{F_{22}}

a large cluster of non-equivalent \Sigma_0-subcones of positive volume

which are as well minimal as maximal.
Analogies between Lattice QCD and the
Truncated Nambu Jona-Lasinio model
Authors: Rosina Mitja
Published: July 2023

A modified Nambu{Jona-Lasinio Model with lattice structure is
very instructive. It shows several similar problems and their solutions
as the Lattice QCD. We study the limits of the large box size, small
cell size and realistic pion mass. In particular, we study the relation of
the discrete (bound state) solutions to the physical scattering states,
for example the pion-pion scattering.
Simultaneous Estimation of Azimuth and Elevation Angles Using a Decision Tree-Based Method
Authors: Carballeira Anabel Reyes , P. de Figueiredo Felipe A. , C. Brito Jose Marcos
Published: July 2023

This study addresses the problem of accurately predicting azimuth and elevation angles of signals impinging on an antenna array employing Machine Learning (ML). Using the information obtained at a receiving system when a transmitter’s signal hits it, a Decision Tree (DT) model is trained to estimate azimuth and elevation angles simultaneously. Simulation results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed DT-based method, showcasing its ability to predict the Direction of Arrival (DOA) in diverse conditions beyond the ones present in the training dataset, i.e., the results display the model’s generalization capability. Additionally, the comparative analysis reveals that DT-based DOA estimation outperforms the state-of-the-art MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm, establishing DTs as competitive alternatives for DOA estimation in signal reception systems.
Framework for Identifying Research Gaps for Future Academic Research
Authors: Chand Ragneel
Published: July 2023

Wang, Wang, Chen, and Yang (2016) defined research gaps as a region where the ability to infer a particular question is constrained by a lack of knowledge. It is an area where the methods and insufficient research data have limited the capacity to get to a fully reliable judgment on a research subject. Therefore, academics need to situate their objectives in the research gap of the subject field. Particularly research gaps are those research questions that have not been addressed properly beforehand. This not only indicates the study's relevancy but also the considerable contribution it could bring to the field of study (Issah, Hamza, & Prosper, 2022). According to Ajemba and Arene (2022) posing questions and finding new research areas based on previous studies are the first steps in doing research. The limitations of the study's design, the use of inadequate instruments, or other factors that the researcher could or could not control led to the development of a research gap. For new and inexperienced researchers, it might be challenging to explore the research gap due to a limited amount of criteria or established methodologies, making research gap analysis confusing and equivocal. For example, if the researcher is investigating a broad region and then going to pick a more specific field might contribute to the description of a statement of the problem. This study's goal is to offer a methodology for determining research gaps. It will make recommendations based on each aspect of the research gap analysis framework.
Advanced Approaches to Assessment of Risk of Infectious Disease Importation onto the Territory of the Russian Federation
Authors: Zubova A. A. , Ivanova A. V. , Shcherbakova S. A. , Kuklev E. V. , Toporkov V. P. , Boiko A. V.
Published: July 2023

The risk of importation of infectious diseases is an urgent threat to sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population, both at the level of individual countries and interstate associations, and globally. The territory of any country has a backdrop of hazards; therefore, the aim of the work was a comprehensive assessment of risk of infectious disease importation onto the territory of Russia for early and effective response to emerging biological threats. Materials and methods. We used information on the structure of passenger traffic and the number of persons arriving in Russia according to the portal of the Unified Interagency Information and Statistics System. The data on the incidence of infectious diseases which require measures on sanitary protection of the territory of Russia is provided according to the official regional websites of WHO, regional Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Ministries of Health of the respective countries. The risk of importation of infectious diseases was estimated in points in compliance with an original methodology developed with the participation of the authors. Results and discussion. We have determined the structure of the passenger traffic across the borders of Russia and the most relevant infectious diseases that pose a risk of importation, as well as the countries, from where the importation of infections is most likely to occur. It is outlined that importation of dengue fever and cholera from the Southeast Asian region, dengue from the Western Pacific region, cholera and malaria from the Eastern Mediterranean region, cholera, malaria and dengue from the American and African regions is most probable.
Effect of Yersinia pestis on the Soil Nematodes Panagrolaimus sp. from the Gorno-Altai High-Mountain Focus of Plague
Authors: Makashova M. A. , Oglodin E. G. , Sharapova N. A. , Samoilov A. E. , Eroshenko G. A. , Kutyrev V. V.
Published: July 2023

The aimof the work was to study interaction ofYersinia pestiswith soil nematodes isolated on the territory of the Gorno-Altai high-mountain plague focus.Materials and methods. We used the fluorescentY. pestisstrain KM2083, a derivative of the natural strain of the 4.ANT phylogenetic line, the antique biovar of the main subspecies, and a nematode culture isolated in the same area of the Gorno-Altai plague focus. The taxonomy of nematodes was determined by the region of the18SrRNA gene; phylogenetic analysis was performed using the Maximum Likelihood method based on the Tamura-Nei model in the Mega 7.0 software. The interaction of theY. pestisKM2083 strain and the nematodes was studied during cultivation on a solid NGM agar medium. Nematodes were observed using microscopes Stemi-2000C (Carl Zeiss, Germany) and Axio Imager Z2 (Carl Zeiss, Germany).Results and discussion. It has been established that the nematodes from the Gorno-Altai high-mountain plague focus used in the work belong to the genusPanagrolaimus. Cultivation of nematodes on the lawn of theY. pestisstrain of the main subspecies of antique biovar, the 4.ANT phylogenetic line for 24 hours did not lead to a reduction in the lifespan of nematodes compared to the control sample, which indicates the absence of toxicity of the used strain towardsPanagrolaimusnematodes. On the cuticle of nematodes, the formation of a biofilm in the genital area and tail has been noted, and accumulations of fluorescent cells of the plague pathogen observed in the digestive tract. The data obtained can indicate the ability of nematodes to carry the plague pathogen in the soil biocoenosis.
Pathogenetic Effects of Bacteria of the Genus Desulfovibrio. Experimental Study. Part One: Iron Metabolism
Authors: Popova A. Yu. , Ploskireva A. A. , Kulikova N. G. , Bityumina L. A. , Chemedenko A. F. , Safandeev V. V. , Poroshin M. A. , Evdokimov N. D. , Vostrikova M. V. , Vinogradova A. I. , Latipova R. I. , Bidevkina M. V. , Bogdanova A. V. , Sinitskaya T. A. , Kuz’min S. V. , Gorelov A. V.
Published: July 2023

The aim of the work was to study specific systemic effect of sulfate-reducing bacteria of the genus Desulfovibrio on organism systems through creating an experimental model of intragastric bacterial invasion against the background of dysbiotic conditions of rodent gastrointestinal tract. Materials and methods. The experimental study was conducted on Wistar rats. Intestinal dysbiosis was modeled with the help of antibiotics, amoxicillin and metronidazole. Typical strain Desulfovibrio desulfuricans subsp. desulfuricans VKM B-1799T was used as an infectious agent. Results and discussion. As a result of the experiment performed, during the period of acute infection (on day 15 of the experiment), a direct correlation between the concentration of the injected D. desulfuricans VKM B-1799T bacteria suspension and the serum iron level was observed: the higher the infectious agent dose, the lower the serum iron concentration. During the phase of remote effects (day 38 of the experiment), the inverse correlation between the concentrations of D. desulfuricans VKM B-1799T in the intestines of rodents was revealed: when the concentration of the infecting agent increased from 103 CFU/g and higher, the iron level decreased from 43.5 μmol/l to 38.5 μmol/l. When comparing the level of transferrin and unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC), an increase in those parameters was observed in all groups of rats both during the period of acute infection and the period of long-term effects, and the percentage of transferrin iron saturation decreased, indicating the occurrence of iron deficiency against the background of exposure to the infectious agent. Intestinal dysbiosis promotes colonization by opportunistic flora, including Desulfovibrio sp. Changes in the iron metabolism markers in experimental animals against the background of D. desulfuricans VKM B-1799T infestation above 103 CFU/g and the ability of this microorganism to bind iron into an unavailable form suggest that the bacteria Desulfovibrio sp. are one of the key etiological factors of iron deficiency anemia.
Current State of the Issue of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in the Rostov Region
Authors: Trishina A. V. , Bereznyak E. A. , Pichurina N. L. , Egiazaryan L. A. , Simonova I. R. , Dobrovol’sky O. P. , Orekhov I. V. , Noskov A. K.
Published: July 2023

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is registered in various geographical regions of the Russian Federation and occupies one of the leading positions among natural-focal human diseases in Russia. The aim of the study was to assess the epidemiological situation on HFRS in the Rostov Region. Materials and methods. Laboratory diagnostics of field material (samples from wild rodents) for the presence of antigens of HFRS pathogens and screening of blood sera from donors, residents of the region, for the presence of class G antibodies to viruses that cause HFRS were carried out by enzyme immunoassay during 2020 and 2021. Results and discussion. Hantavirus antigens were identified in five administrative districts of the Region in 2020, infection with HFRS virus in small mouse-like rodents was 7.1 %. In 2021, spontaneous infection of carriers was detected in 2.8 % of the samples, found in four districts of the Region. The presence of the virus markers was recorded in populations of five species of mouse-like rodents: house mouse, wood mouse, common vole, small wood mouse, yellow-bellied mouse. Among healthy population, class G antibodies were registered in 6.8 % in the surveyed territories in 2020, and 4.5 % in 2021. Detection of virus markers in carriers and the presence of a natural immune layer of the population as regards HFRS agents suggest the existence of a natural HFRS focus in the Rostov Region.
The Role of Vesicles in Transporting of Cholera Toxin
Authors: Zyuzina V. P. , Yakusheva O. A. , Alekseeva L. P. , Evdokimova V. V. , Simakova D. I.
Published: July 2023

The review reports on the secretion pathways of the main virulence factor of Vibrio cholerae, cholera toxin, both through the two-stage Sec-dependent type 2 secretion system and with the help of vesicles of the outer membrane of V. cholerae. The ways of toxin transfer into the host organism, depending on its form, are discussed. The well-studied free soluble cholera toxin is secreted extracellularly and transmitted in a GM1-dependent manner through cholesterolrich lipid rafts. The transfer of cholera toxin associated with vesicles has advantages over free toxin, because substances inside the outer membrane vesicles are protected from external proteases and host antibodies by the membrane that forms the vesicle. Vesicular transporting of cholera toxin into the target cell occurs via clathrin-dependent, caveolin-dependent and lipid raft-dependent endocytosis. The specific transport route is determined by the structure of the vesicles. Clathrindependent endocytosis is described for V. cholerae strains cultivated at low osmolarity of the medium, whose outer membrane vesicles contain the cholera toxin subunit A inside. Lipid raft-dependent endocytosis is characteristic of vesicles in which cholera toxin is located on the surface. In addition, endocytosis of V. cholerae outer membrane vesicles through structures known as caveolae is presented.
Epizootiological and Epidemiological Characteristics of Rabies in Russia in 2019–2021
Authors: Poleshchuk E. M. , Sidorov G. N. , Savkina E. S.
Published: July 2023

The review presents an analysis of the epizootic and epidemic situations on rabies in the Russian Federation in 2019–2021. During that period, there was a decrease in the activity of the epizootic process to the level of the 1990s characterized by overhunting of the fox, raccoon dog and corsac. The number of identified potentially hazardous areas declined by 20 %, and the number of sick animals registered in them decreased from 18 to 10. Since 2018, the share of domestic animals has prevailed over wild animals in the structure of animal incidence, and in 2021, the proportion of detected cases of rabies in wild animals was the smallest (37.9 %) over 11 years of observation (2011–2021). The leading role in maintaining the circulation of the rabies pathogen belonged to the fox, which accounted for 34.8–29.9 % of all animal cases in 2019–2021. The raccoon dog actively contributed to the circulation of the virus in the European part of Russia. Since 2012, a downward trend in the incidence of rabies among the population has been established (Tdw. = –9.5 %), the average long-term indicator was 5 cases per year. Dogs and cats that got involved into epizootic process predominated among the sources of hydrophobia – approximately 50 % of the cases. Poor compliance with the rules for keeping pets has led to an increase in human infection with rabies due to the animals in 2020–2021. In 2019–2021, the participation of bats in infecting humans with lyssavirus was established, which draws the attention to the need to study the role of bats in the circulation of lyssaviruses, primarily in the Far East. The risk of rabies infection persisted in almost all regions of the country. In the 21st century, natural foci of infection are ubiquitous in Russia.
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: Epidemiological and Epizootiological Situation in the Russian Federation in 2022, Incidence Forecast for 2023
Authors: Volynkina A. S. , Tkachenko N. O. , Maletskaya O. V. , Skudareva O. N. , Tishchenko I. V. , Zhirova A. A. , Lisitskaya Ya. V. , Shaposhnikova L. I. , Rostovtseva D. V. , Manin E. A. , Prislegina D. A. , Petrovskaya V. V. , Yatsmenko E. V. , Kulichenko A. N.
Published: July 2023

The review presents an analysis of the epidemiological and epizootiological situation on Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in the Russian Federation in 2022. The incidence rate of CCHF registered in 2022 (59 cases) was 1.2 times higher as compared to 2021, however, below the long-term average annual values. The mortality rate was 10.2 %, which exceeds the indicators of long-term observations (in 2012–2021 – 3.2 %). Following epizootiological survey of stationary observation points, it was found that the number of Hyalomma marginatum imago in 2022, in general, corresponded to the average long-term indicators. CCHF virus isolates circulating in Russia in 2017–2022 belonged to the genetic lines “Europe-1” (V), “Europe-2” (VI), and “Europe-3” (VII). The ratio of CCHF virus genovariants in the population on the territory of the Russian Federation in 2017–2022 didn’t change. Based on the analysis of naturalclimatic factors, the forecast for the incidence of CCHF in the Russian Federation for 2023 has been made.
Analysis of the Situation on Anthrax in the World in 2022, the Forecast for the Russian Federation for 2023
Authors: Ryazanova A. G. , Skudareva O. N. , Gerasimenko D. K. , Logvin F. V. , Aksenova L. Yu. , Semenova O. V. , Eremenko E. I. , Golovinskaya T. M. , Pechkovsky G. A. , Kulichenko A. N.
Published: July 2023

The paper provides the results of analysis of the epizootiological and epidemiological situation on anthrax in the world in 2022, also, the forecast of incidence rates for the Russian Federation in 2023 is presented. In 2022, two cases of anthrax in farm animals and two cases of cutaneous form of infection in humans were registered in Russia, in the constituent entities of the North Caucasian Federal District: the Republic of Dagestan and the Stavropol Territory. The tense situation on anthrax was reported in the neighboring countries: Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Ukraine. Epizootics of infection with the highest number of affected farm and wild animals were recorded in the countries of Africa, Asia, North America and Europe. The incidence of anthrax among people in the far abroad (mainly in Africa and Asia) was mostly associated with consuming the meat of sick and fallen farm animals, contact with infected animals, animal products. The incidence of anthrax in animals and humans in the Russian Federation in 2023 will largely depend on the scale of coverage with specific immunization of susceptible animals and persons at risk of infection and, given the strict implementation of comprehensive surveillance measures, will be limited to the registration of potentially possible single cases of infection.
Analisis Perilaku Pedagang Grosir Pakaian di Pasar Pagi Samarinda dalam Perspektif Etika Bisnis Islam
Authors: Munawaroh Mahmudhatul , Iswadi Muhammad , Yusran Yusran
Published: July 2023

This research is motivated by behavior in trading activities, where trader behavior or trader ethics should be important to pay attention to because along with the times marked by very rapid economic developments, it causes higher business competition. For example, there are still many traders who make deviations in trading, it is done to get multiple profits by ignoring Islamic business ethics. In the Islamic economy, it has explained about the ethics that must be carried out by traders in carrying out buying and selling activities. This study aims to 1) to determine the behavior of clothing wholesalers in the Samarinda Morning market; 2) to know the behavior of clothing wholesalers in the Samarinda Morning market according to the perspective of Islamic business ethics.

This type of research is qualitative research using a Descriptive Qualitative approach. The focus of this study is the Behavioral Analysis of Clothing Wholesalers in the Samarinda Morning Market in the Perspective of Islamic Business Ethics. The data sources in this study are Muslim clothing wholesalers, buyers, and UPT Samarinda Morning Market. The data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis techniques used are techniques developed by Miles and Huberman, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing/verification. Meanwhile, the data validity techniques used are observation extension techniques, techniques for increasing persistence in research, and triangulation techniques.

The results obtained from this study show that, most of the traders in the Samarinda Morning Market are already good in terms of hospitality, quality of goods/products, appointments, service, and competition among traders. Although there are still traders who make deviations in trading. Meanwhile, the behavior of clothing wholesalers in the Samarinda Morning market seen from the five principles of business ethics in Islam, namely the principle of unity (tawhid), the principle of balance (justice), the principle of free will (free will), the principle of responsibility (responsibility), and the principle of benevolence (ihsan) shows that most traders hold the five principles above. Although there are still some traders who do not hold this principle, most traders have made trades in accordance with the principles of Islamic business ethics.

Keywords: Merchant Behavior, Islamic Business Ethics
PENGARUH BRAND AWARENESS DAN PERCEIVED QUALITY TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN MUZAKKI MEMBAYAR ZAKAT DI LEMBAGA AMIL ZAKAT DANA PEDULI UMMAT KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Authors: Fachry Muhammad , Darmawati Darmawati , Rahmah Fitria , Rahmatullah Nur
Published: July 2023

Saat ini, Zakat menjadi salah satu instrumen yang dapat digunakan untuk pemerataan pendapatan. Hal tersebut dapat diwujudkan dengan meningkatkan jumlah penerimaan zakat dilembaga dengan terus melakukan upaya penggalian dana zakat. Di Indonesia terdapat lembaga semi dan non pemerintah yang memiliki wewenang untuk melakukan pengumpulan,  pengolahan dan pendistribusian zakat, Salah Satunya LAZ DPU Kalimantan timur. Dalam rangka untuk mengambil hati para donatur atau muzakki, LAZ DPU Kalimantan Timur haruslah dikenal oleh masyarakat. Salah satu cara yang digunakan perusahaan untuk memperkenalkan mereknya dan mengukur keberadaan merek di pasar dapat diketahui dengan ekuitas merek. Ekuitas merek tidak terlepas dari beberapa dimensi yaitu brand awareness dan perceived quality. Pengaruh brand awareness dan perceived quality sangat penting karena dengan adanya brand awareness masyarakat akan dapat mengenal dan mengingat kembali LAZ DPU Kalimantan Timur dan dengan adanya persepsi kualitas terhadap keseluruhan suatu produk atau jasa dapat menentukan nilai dari produk atau jasa tersebut dan berpengaruh secara langsung terhadap keputusan membayar zakat mereka terhadap LAZ DPU Kalimantan Timur jika mereka ingin berzakat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh brand awareness dan perceived quality terhadap keputusan muzakki membayar zakat baik secara parsial maupun simultan.Jenis Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah muzakki di LAZ DPU Kalimantan Timur. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan pendekatan accidental sampling dengan jumlah sampel 94 dari 1748 populasi. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket skala Likert, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisa data menggunakan uji regresi linier berganda.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa variabel brand awareness dan variabel perceived quality  berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan muzakki membayar zakat di lembaga amil zakat dana peduli ummat Kalimantan Timur baik secara parsial maupun secara simultan.