bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A high-resolution record of Mid- to Late-Holocene environmental changes from a land-locked lake in Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica
Authors: Joju GS , Warrier Anish Kumar , Mahesh BS , Sali AS Yamuna , Noronha-D’Mello Cheryl A , Balakrishna K , Mohan Rahul
Published: March 2024

We present a high-resolution record of environmental changes during the Mid-Late Holocene obtained from a lake sediment core covering the past 4.87 cal kyr BP in the Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica. The magnetic signal of Lake L6 was found to be primarily controlled by catchment-derived ferrimagnetic minerals. The period between 4.87 and 3.35 cal kyr BP is marked by several episodes of cold and warm conditions. Warm and wet conditions prevailed in the region from 3.35 to 2.43 cal kyr BP. Magnetic susceptibility values remained generally low indicating the pedogenic formation of fine magnetic grains. The high values of the chemical weathering indices reflected the warm and wet conditions conducive to chemical weathering. A transition to cold and dry conditions was observed at around 2.43 cal kyr BP, representing the Neoglacial cooling, with high values of magnetic concentration-dependent parameters. Following the Neoglacial period, a return to warm and wet conditions was observed at 1.63 cal kyr BP, coeval with the Medieval Climate Anomaly. Our record shows a Late-Holocene cooling marked by a sudden increase in magnetic susceptibility values, which could represent the Little Ice Age, followed by a shift to warmer conditions near the core top.
Google and Jio: Tapping Growth Opportunities Through Strategic Alliance
Authors: Salwan Prashant , Pandey Shailesh , Attri Rekha
Published: March 2024

Alliances are cooperative business relationships in which two or more entities collaborate to achieve a common objective while maintaining their individual independence. An example of such an alliance is the partnership between Google and Reliance Jio Infocom Ltd. This strategic alliance was formed to address the prevailing market challenges and capitalize on the growth opportunities in the Indian smartphone market.

Within this case, we delve into the strategic objectives that motivated Google and Jio to embark on this alliance, explore the growth strategies employed by both partners and assess the advantages gained from this partnership. Readers of this case study will gain insights into the significance of value creation and learn how markets can be shaped through innovative value propositions. Additionally, readers will be equipped to apply the VRIO framework, enabling them to evaluate how each strategic partner benefits from the addition of resources and capabilities, as well as to comprehend the critical success factors inherent in strategic alliances.
Chinese Strategic Hedge in Bangladesh through Investment
Authors: Jahan Munira , Hossain Md Farid
Published: March 2024

During the last decade, the surge in Chinese outbound foreign direct investment in Bangladesh has been met with anxiety, often invoking national security concerns. Most scholars explain China’s investment with the connection of economic interests and market expansion. Scholars have not paid enough attention to the geostrategic rationale behind China’s investment statecraft towards Bangladesh. This study centres on the question: What economic and non-economic (geostrategic) factors drive the growing Chinese investment footprint in Bangladesh? Following the qualitative research approach, this study argues that along with economic incentives, non-economic issues such as security and strategic competition with India are the significant determinants of the Chinese increasing investment footprint in Bangladesh, which is beyond the notion of win–win cooperation enhancing China’s regional status and leadership in South Asia. This study promises to contribute to the literature on the Chinese political economy, providing a theoretically nuanced treatment of Chinese investment statecraft concerning neoclassical realism.
Hypersensitivity reaction to Abiraterone, successful desensitization protocol in prostate cancer patient
Authors: González Díaz Sandra N. , Vidal Gutiérrez Oscar , Rodríguez Román José Carlos , López Henríquez Raquel A. , Macouzet Sánchez Carlos , de Lira Quezada Cindy E. , Acuña Ortega Natalhie
Published: March 2024

Introduction

In prostate cancer, androgens are key in the growth of both normal prostate and cancer cells. Abiraterone acetate inhibits CYP17, an important target in prostate cancer given its central role in the production of adrenal and tumor-derived androgens. Although abiraterone is generally well tolerated, common adverse effects such as hypertension, hypokalemia, and hepatotoxicity have been reported.

Clinical case

We present the case of an 83-year-old Mexican man with high-volume EC IV prostate cancer resistant to castration, orchiectomy, and bone, liver, and lung metastases. First-line treatment with the CHAARTED scheme was indicated, by patient decision refuse chemotherapy treatment. On the fourth day of starting treatment, he developed pruritic erythematous macular skin lesions and urticaria on the posterior chest that resolved spontaneously. A generalized erythematous and pruritic maculopapular rash appeared 12 days after starting abiraterone, for which she was referred to allergies.

Management and results

An oral provocation test was performed for two days, presenting localized macular lesions eight hours after the administration of abiraterone. An oral desensitization protocol was carried out for ten days in which no hypersensitivity reactions were observed, thus achieving the successful administration of abiraterone.
Development of gluten-free cookie using composite flour from corn and lentil flours: Study by response surface methodology
Authors: Bursa Batuhan , İlyasoğlu Huri
Published: March 2024

The demand for gluten-free foods has increased due to health-based issues and lifestyle choices. This study aimed to develop a gluten-free cookie with enhanced nutritional value. For this reason, the composite flour from corn flour (CF) and lentil flour (LF) was prepared for cookie formulation. To eliminate the possible negative impact of LF on the sensorial properties of the cookie, lemon peel powder (LPP) was incorporated into the cookie formulation. The effects of the LF level of composite flour and the incorporation level of LPP on the physical, textural, and sensorial properties of the cookie were investigated via response methodology. The optimal levels were found as 16 g LF and 1 g LPP for 100 g composite flour. The physical, textural, and sensorial properties, proximate composition, vitamin C and total phenolic contents, and antioxidant capacity of the developed cookie and control cookies were determined. The developed cookie had a higher nutritional value than the control cookie made from CF in terms of protein, dietary fibre, ash, and vitamin C. Moreover, it presented higher total phenolic content and radical scavenging activity. According to these results, the developed cookie can be proposed for a gluten-free diet.
Benefit–Risk Assessment of ChatGPT Applications in the Field of Diabetes and Metabolic Illnesses: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Jairoun Ammar Abdulrahman , Al-Hemyari Sabaa Saleh , Shahwan Moyad , Al-Qirim Tariq , Shahwan Monzer
Published: March 2024

Background:

The use of ChatGPT and artificial intelligence (AI) in the management of metabolic and endocrine disorders presents both significant opportunities and notable risks.

Objectives:

To investigate the benefits and risks associated with the application of ChatGPT in managing diabetes and metabolic illnesses by exploring the perspectives of endocrinologists and diabetologists.

Methods and materials:

The study employed a qualitative research approach. A semi-structured in-depth interview guide was developed. A convenience sample of 25 endocrinologists and diabetologists was enrolled and interviewed. All interviews were audiotaped and verbatim transcribed; then, thematic analysis was used to determine the themes in the data.

Results:

The findings of the thematic analysis resulted in 19 codes and 9 major themes regarding the benefits of implementing AI and ChatGPT in managing diabetes and metabolic illnesses. Moreover, the extracted risks of implementing AI and ChatGPT in managing diabetes and metabolic illnesses were categorized into 7 themes and 14 codes. The benefits of heightened diagnostic precision, tailored treatment, and efficient resource utilization have potential to improve patient results. Concurrently, the identification of potential challenges, such as data security concerns and the need for AI that can be explained, enables stakeholders to proactively tackle these issues.

Conclusions:

Regulatory frameworks must evolve to keep pace with the rapid adoption of AI in healthcare. Sustained attention to ethical considerations, including obtaining patient consent, safeguarding data privacy, ensuring accountability, and promoting fairness, remains critical. Despite its potential impact on the human aspect of healthcare, AI will remain an integral component of patient-centered care. Striking a balance between AI-assisted decision-making and human expertise is essential to uphold trust and provide comprehensive patient care.
Safety and Effectiveness of Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitors on Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Fasting during Ramadan: A Review
Authors: Nakhleh Afif , Mazareeb Jomana , Darawshi Said , Masri Amin , Shehadeh Naim
Published: March 2024

This review evaluates the current evidence on the safety and efficacy of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) fasting during Ramadan. All studies included in the review were conducted in Asia and the Middle East. Overall, the evidence suggests that SGLT2 inhibitors are a safe and effective treatment option for most T2DM patients fasting during Ramadan. The average incidence of symptomatic hypoglycemia is 12.5%, but ranges from 0.7% to 27%, depending on the study population and concomitant use of other medications. The risk of hypoglycemia is increased when SGLT2 inhibitors are used in combination with insulin and/or sulfonylureas. Therefore, patients taking SGLT2 inhibitors in combination with insulin and/or sulfonylureas can take steps to mitigate this risk, such as having their insulin and/or sulfonylurea doses adjusted and being closely monitored for hypoglycemia. Patients taking SGLT2 inhibitors may be at increased risk of dehydration. To mitigate the risk of dehydration, patients should be advised to consume adequate fluids during the fast-breaking hours. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and extend their applicability to high-risk populations and other regions of the world.
Validation of the Sibling Perception Questionnaire in healthy siblings of children with chronic illnesses
Authors: Gutierrez Abbi L , Limbers Christine A
Published: March 2024

The purpose of the study was to assess the psychometric properties of the parent-report version of the Sibling Perception Questionnaire (SPQ) in well-siblings. Participants were 200 caregivers of healthy children ages 9–17 years who had a sibling (ages 0–18 years) diagnosed with cancer, diabetes, cystic fibrosis, epilepsy, spina bifida, or congenital heart disease. The SPQ had acceptable internal consistency reliability for the total score (α = 0.83) and displayed acceptable convergent validity as evidenced by medium to large positive correlations with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 ( r’s ranged from 0.39 to 0.56). The original four-factor model displayed a poor model fit (CFI = 0.6, RMSEA = 0.11, TLI = 0.55, SRMR = 0.14) in comparison to a revised, 14-item four-factor model (CFI = 0.92, RMSEA = 0.07, TLI = 0.90, SRMR = 0.06). The shortened, 14-item parent-report version of the SPQ largely demonstrated good psychometric properties and has the potential to reduce the burden of caregivers filling out the measure.
On language ideology and education policies: A conversation with Thomas Ricento
Authors: Uysal Huseyin
Published: March 2024

Dr. Thomas K. Ricento is a professor emeritus of education at the Werklund School of Education at the University of Calgary in Canada. In 1987, he received his PhD degree in applied linguistics from the University of California, Los Angeles. Around his research interest in language policies in the context of minority languages in North America, he has conducted numerous international projects. He is the editor of the foundational reference work An introduction to language policy: Theory and method. Also, he is the author of the recent book Refugees in Canada: On the loss of social and cultural capital and has numerous books published in international venues. He has co-edited special issues in well-established journals such as TESOL Quarterly and Language Policy. Furthermore, his articles appeared in venues such as Journal of Sociolinguistics, Discourse & Society, and Journal of Language, Identity & Education. On 17 April 2023, Dr. Huseyin Uysal conducted this interview with Dr. Ricento virtually. Later, he transcribed the recorded audio and edited the text to maximize the readability.
‘Softening hedges’ as analytic lens and methodological tool in research on advance care planning with Vietnamese migrants
Authors: Zivkovic Tanya , Nguyen Nga , De Haas Rachael , Faulkner Debbie
Published: March 2024

Advance care planning is built upon starting conversations about ageing, illness and the end of life. So too is research in this field. In an Australian study about Vietnamese migrants’ responses to planning ahead for aged and end-of-life care, research participants called into question this direct approach to communication. Attempting to destabilise the dominance of Anglophone approaches to advance care planning and, moreover, to research in this area, we employ the Vietnamese linguistic device of ‘softening hedges’ both as an analytic lens and as a methodological tool to engage participants in research about a sensitive and often taboo topic. Creating distance from the individual – as decision-maker or as research participant – we worked closely with research collaborators, enabling new visual and bilingual methods to emerge.
Era of the Individual Viewer? Taste, Value, and Creative Media Work in India’s Streaming Industries
Authors: Chatterjee Tupur
Published: March 2024

How do key players in Bombay’s screen industries—producers, directors, writers, and business developers—understand, imagine, and navigate the dizzying new world of streaming platforms in India? Tracking the emergence of symbiotic relationships between new streaming platforms and established media professionals, I discuss how a restructuring of industry dynamics is elemental to the processes of cultural legitimation of new streaming tastes and the reconfigurations of the relationships between texts, industries, and audiences. Through case studies of a few prominent creative professionals associated in various capacities with global and local streaming platforms, I sketch the multiple linkages between contemporary streaming cultures and the structural histories of both film and television in the subcontinent. Ultimately, this article argues that media workers’ self-reflexivity and theorizations about the industry-in-digital transit help us not only grasp the heterogeneity of this moment, but also trace notions of value and taste in Bombay’s emerging digital media ecologies.
Assessing the current utilization status of wearable devices in clinical research
Authors: Miyakoshi Takashi , Ito Yoichi M
Published: March 2024

Background/Aims

Information regarding the use of wearable devices in clinical research, including disease areas, intervention techniques, trends in device types, and sample size targets, remains elusive. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive review of clinical research trends related to wristband wearable devices in research planning and examined their applications in clinical investigations.

Methods

As this study identified trends in the adoption of wearable devices during the planning phase of clinical research, including specific disease areas and targeted number of intervention cases, we searched ClinicalTrials.gov—a prominent platform for registering and disseminating clinical research. Since wrist-worn devices represent a large share of the market, we focused on wrist-worn devices and selected the most representative models among them. The main analysis focused on major wearable devices to facilitate data analysis and interpretation, but other wearables were also surveyed for reference. We searched ClinicalTrials.gov with the keywords “ActiGraph,”“Apple Watch,”“Empatica,”“Fitbit,”“Garmin,” and “wearable devices” to obtain studies published up to 21 August 2022. This initial search yielded 3214 studies. After excluding duplicate National Clinical Trial studies (the overlap was permissible among different device types except for wearable devices), our analysis focused on 2930 studies, including simple, time-series, and type-specific assessments of various variables.

Results

Overall, an increasing number of clinical studies have incorporated wearable devices since 2012. While ActiGraph and Fitbit initially dominated this landscape, the use of other devices has steadily increased, constituting approximately 10% of the total after 2015. Observational studies outnumbered intervention studies, with behavioral and device-based interventions being particularly prevalent. Regarding disease types, cancer and cardiovascular diseases accounted for approximately 20% of the total. Notably, 114 studies adopted multiple devices simultaneously within the context of their clinical investigations.

Conclusions

Our findings revealed that the utilization of wearable devices for data collection and behavioral interventions in various disease areas has been increasing over time since 2012. The increase in the number of studies over the past 3 years has been particularly significant, suggesting that this trend will continue to accelerate in the future. Devices and their evaluation methods that have undergone thorough validation, confirmed their accuracy, and adhered to established legal regulations will likely assume a pivotal role in evaluations, allowing for remote clinical trials. Moreover, behavioral intervention therapy utilizing apps is becoming more extensive, and we expect to see more examples that will lead to their approval as programmed medical devices in the future.
The impact of rising NHS waiting list times on elective surgery for Dupuytren’s disease
Authors: McMillan Angus T. , Pinder Richard M.
Published: March 2024

Waiting lists for elective surgery are increasing in the United Kingdom. We report a single-centre experience of disease progression of Dupuytren’s disease while on the waiting list for surgery and its effect on the type of operative treatment required.
Clinical outcomes after primary repair for thumb ulnar collateral ligament ruptures: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Legerstee Ingmar W. F. , Derksen Bas M. , van der Oest Mark J. W. , Hundepool Caroline A. , Duraku Liron S. , Selles Ruud. W. , Michiel Zuidam J.
Published: March 2024

There is no consensus on the best surgical technique for treating thumb ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) ruptures. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates which primary repair technique and postoperative immobilization protocol result in the best clinical outcomes. A literature search was conducted in Embase, Medline ALL Ovid, Web of Science Core Selection and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Pain, stability, tip pinch strength, key pinch strength, grip strength, return to work and metacarpophalangeal joint range of motion were collected as postoperative outcomes. In total, 29 studies were included. All surgical techniques resulted in satisfactory clinical outcomes, with no significant differences between bone anchor reinsertion, suture fixation, K-wire fixation and a combination of techniques. K-wire immobilization resulted in worse postoperative pain, but similar stability compared to immobilization without a K-wire. Clinical outcomes after thumb UCL repair are excellent, with no differences in clinical outcomes noted among surgical techniques.
State of the art review. Upper extremity revision nerve compression surgery
Authors: van der Heijden Brigitte , Dailiana Zoe H. , Giele Henk P.
Published: March 2024

Although surgical release of upper extremity nerve compression syndromes is highly effective, persistence or recurrence of symptoms and signs may occur. Thorough investigation is necessary in this situation before treatment is recommended. If the symptoms cannot be explained by other pathology than compression of the affected nerve and if conservative management has not provided improvement, reoperation may be considered. This review provides an overview of the diagnostic and surgical considerations in the revision of carpal tunnel syndrome, cubital tunnel syndrome and thoracic outlet syndrome.

Level of evidence: V
Disease-modifying therapy initiation patterns in multiple sclerosis in three large MS populations
Authors: Stahmann Alexander , Craig Elaine , Ellenberger David , Fneish Firas , Frahm Niklas , Marrie Ruth Ann , Middleton Rod , Nicholas Richard , Rodgers Jeff , Warnke Clemens , Salter Amber
Published: March 2024

Background:

Treatment guidelines recommend early disease-modifying therapy (DMT) initiation after diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Multinational comparative studies that assess time to DMT initiation in MS may allow detection of barriers inherent to healthcare systems to explain potential adverse systematic delays in commencing DMTs.

Objectives:

To investigate and compare the time to first DMT and its association with sociodemographic and clinical variables after MS diagnosis in three large MS registries.

Design:

This observational study was conducted using data from the German MS Registry (GMSR), the North American Research Committee on MS Registry (NARCOMS, US data only), and the United Kingdom MS Registry (UKMSR, both self- and clinician-reported).

Methods:

Data from relapsing people with MS (PwMS), with a diagnosis of MS between 2014 and 2019, and available DMT and disability status were pooled using a meta-analytic approach.

Results:

A total of 5395 PwMS were included in the analysis (GMSR: n = 2658; NARCOMS: n = 447; UKMSR: n = 2290). Kaplan–Meier estimates for the time to first DMT [median months (95% CI)] were 2.0 (1.9–2.0), 3.0 (2–4), and 9.0 (7.7–10.6) for GMSR, NARCOMS, and UKMSR, respectively. Pooled multivariable Cox regression demonstrated shorter time to first DMT for PwMS diagnosed after 2017 [1.65 (1.42–1.92), p < 0.01], and longer time to DMT when a higher-efficacy DMT was selected (0.69 (0.54–0.90), p < 0.0001].

Conclusion:

Time to DMT initiation differs across the populations studied, indicating that barriers may exist in early access to DMT, particularly in the United Kingdom. However, a consistent decrease in time to DMT initiation was noted since 2017 across all registries. Further studies are warranted comparing the effects of time to DMT and time to higher-efficacy DMT on long-term outcome.
Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of determinants that mediate antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli strains of clinical origin in South-Western Nigeria
Authors: Akinpelu Sharon , Ajayi Abraham , Smith Stella Ifeanyi , Adeleye Adeyemi Isaac
Published: March 2024

Background

Multidrug resistant bacterial pathogens employ different mechanisms in evading the action of antibiotics. Multidrug resistance is wide spread among strains of Escherichia coli implicated in several infections including urinary tract infections, gastrointestinal infections, meningitis and bacteraemia.

Aim/Objective

This study investigates the antibiotic resistance profile, efflux pump activity and biofilm formation ability of E. coli strains isolated from clinical samples.

Methods

A total of 32  E. coli strains isolated from clinical samples were characterized and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing using standard methods. Isolates were screened phenotypically for biofilm formation and efflux pump activity. While molecular detection of genes encoding curli fimbriae and efflux pump activity was done by PCR.

Results

All 32 (100%) E. coli isolates were resistant to ceftazidime, cefuroxime, cefixime, amoxicillin-clavulanate, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. While 30 (93.8%) were resistant to gentamicin, 27 (84.4%) were resistant to cefepime and the least resistance of 15.6% was to imipenem. Efflux pump encoding gene tolC was detected in 13(40.6%) of the isolates, while 1(3.1%) harboured acrA gene. acrB gene was not detected in any of the isolates. Seven (21.9%) of the isolates were strong biofilm formers, while 5 (15.6%) and 20 (62.5%) were moderate and weak biofilm formers respectively. csgA gene was detected in all E. coli isolates.

Discussion

High antibiotic resistance of E. coli strains observed in this study is of public health significance. . It is therefore important to scale up efforts in regular monitoring of antibiotic resistance in both community and hospital settings.
Trillin Protects Against Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis via Suppressing Oxidative Stress and IL-1β/NLRP3 Inflammasome Positive Cycle
Authors: Li Xiangyun , Wei Shanshan , Liu Sa , Xie Suifen , Liu Jiaqin , Yang Yuanying , Chen Ye , Zhang BiKui , Li Wenqun , Luo Fen
Published: March 2024

Background

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, and fibrotic interstitial lung disease. Trillin, an active saponin component isolated from Trillium tschonoskii Maxim, exhibits various pharmacological properties. This study aimed to investigate the preventive effects of Trillin on bleomycin (BLM)-induced IPF and elucidate its underlying mechanisms.

Methods

BLM was administered via intratracheal injection to C57BL/6J mice to establish an IPF model. Different concentrations of Trillin were then administered as treatments. Network pharmacology and molecular docking approaches were employed to predict potential Trillin targets against IPF. A combination of histopathological examination, immunohistochemical analysis, Western Blotting, and other molecular biological techniques were utilized to assess Trillin's protective effect on BLM-induced IPF and to investigate underlying pathways.

Results

Trillin effectively inhibited lung tissue injury induced by BLM in mice, moderated inflammation and oxidative stress-related signaling pathways, and reduced the expression of IPF-associated proteins such as TGF-β1 and α-SMA. Network pharmacology analysis identified 18 core Trillin-IPF target genes. Molecular docking analysis suggested that pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-2, and TNF-α have high binding affinity with Trillin, suggesting their potential as anti-IPF targets. Additionally, experimental verification confirmed that Trillin suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation by reducing IL-1β release.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that Trillin effectively reduces oxidative stress and blocks the IL-1β/NLRP3 inflammasome positive feedback loop, providing protection against BLM-induced IPF. Consequently, our research underscores the potential of Trillin as a promising therapeutic agent for IPF and lays a theoretical foundation for its future clinical development and application in treating BLM-induced IPF.
Morphology and Cyto-Architecture of the Testis and Assessment of Selected Biochemical Parameters Associated with Male Fertility Following the Consumption of Tom Brown Weaning Diet in Albino Wistar Rats
Authors: Uno Victor Kanu , Nwangwa Justina Nwandimma , Umoh Ekementeabasi Aniebo , Raymond Atim-Ebim Michael , Asuquo Joseph Okon , Otu Effiom-ekaha Otu , Beniangba Maxwell Inawerebua
Published: March 2024

Objectives/Background

Natural products are preferred over synthetic drug as fertility enhancers as they are cost effective. Infertility among men of reproductive age keeps rising. Synthetic drugs ameliorate the problem but leave adverse side effects as men advance in age, hence the need for alternative medicine. Tom brown weaning diet is a processed cereal-based powdery blend which is cooked into a semi-liquid food for children from 6 months and contains good nutrient levels. This work focused on the effects of Tom brown weaning diet on testes of Wistar rats.

Method

Fifteen Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups namely: Control group, 50% tom brown group and 100% tom brown group. Control received only rat chow, 50% Tom brown group received tom brown diet and normal rat chows at 12 h cycle per time. This cycle was repeated till the end of the experiment. 50% Tom brown group received only tom brown diet throughout the experimental period. The testes were excised, measured, and processed for morphological and histological analysis.

Results

Average testicular weight and relative weight in the 50% tom brown, 100% tom brown and control groups were not significant at alpha level of P ˂ .05. This was also supported by the normal histological features seen in sections of the testes of rats in all groups as there were no shrinking and denser spermatogenic cells in the seminiferous tubules. Hormonal analysis showed a non-significant difference in the level of FSH and LH at alpha levels of P˂0.05. However, testosterone level increased significantly in 100% group compared to 50% and the control group at P˂ .05. Also, GC-MS study on the diet revealed 30 compounds in the diet.

Conclusion

This study revealed that Tom brown diet has no detectable damaging effect(s) on the testes but could improve the cytoarchitecture and enhance fertility.
Double true umbilical cord knots coexisting with a nuchal cord with successful fetal outcome: A case report
Authors: Eleje George Uchenna , Nwammuo Chijioke Brenda , Nnamani Kenechi Ogbodo , Igbodike Emeka Philip , Nwankwo Ekeuda Uchenna , Okafor Chigozie Geoffrey , Njoku Tobechi Kingsley , Ekwebene Onyeka Chukwudalu , Egwuatu Emmanuel Chukwubuikem , Malachy Divinefavour Echezona , Dimgba Ogechi Odinakachukwu , Ihekwoaba Eric Chukwudi , Onu Onyekachi Amos , Edokwe Emeka Stephen , Ofiaeli Chika Ifeoma , Obi Kenechukwu Ezekwesili , Okwuosa Chizoba Ndidiamaka , Egwim Adanna Vivian , Okoro Chukwuemeka Chukwubuikem , Onyejiaka Chukwudubem Chinagorom , Nneji Henry Chinedu , Ugwu Obiora Donatus , Ezeigwe Chijioke Ogomegbunam , Madubuko Casmir Chukwudi , Mathias Alexander Arinze , Udigwe Gerald Okanandu
Published: March 2024

Umbilical nodes and cords play a crucial role in fetal development and are essential for the transfer of nutrients and oxygen between the mother and the fetus. Sonographic diagnosis of umbilical nodes and cords has become an integral part of prenatal care, allowing for the early detection of abnormalities and potential complications. The umbilical cord is a vital structure connecting the fetus to the placenta, providing essential nutrients and oxygen for fetal growth and development. Sonographic examination of the umbilical cord and its associated nodes has become an indispensable tool in prenatal care, enabling the early detection of abnormalities and potential complications. This review aims to analyze the current literature on sonographic diagnosis of umbilical nodes and cords, highlighting the key points and advancements in this field. A 37-year-old booked G4P2+1A2 Nigerian woman was registered for prenatal tertiary health care at 12 weeks of gestation. The booking investigations were normal and the booking packed cell volume was 37%. She was compliant with scheduled clinic visits and routine drugs. Pregnancy was carried to term uneventfully. Elective cesarean section was successfully performed at 38 weeks of gestation owing to the patient’s prior history of third-degree perineal tear. The intraoperative findings included a loose cord around the neck of the baby and double true knots along the length of the 65 cm umbilical cord. The baby was delivered with appearance, pulse, grimace, activity and respiration (APGAR) scores of 7 in the first minute, 9 in the fifth minute, and the birth weight was 3.0 kg. Mother and baby were discharged 48 h postpartum in stable clinical condition. Although the presence of true double umbilical knots is rare, its coexistence with the nuchal cord is even rarer. There are risk factors associated with true umbilical knots. The possible risk factor implicated in this index case is the gender of the fetus and maternal multiparity. True umbilical knots are usually associated with certain fetal negative outcomes of pregnancy. There are currently no evidence-based treatment options available.
The development of Chinese science-fiction films from the perspective of industrialization
Authors: Huang Mingfen
Published: March 2024

The film industry includes a chain composed of the machinery industry, the production industry and the derivative industry. Its evolution reflects the development of Chinese science fiction (sci-fi) films in the past century. Since the information revolution, marked by computer use, the film industry has undergone changes in digitalization, networking and intelligentization, and Chinese sci-fi films have taken on a new look. Sci-fi films have the duality of being industrial products and spiritual products. Therefore, Chinese sci-fi films have not only evolved with the evolution of the film industry but also highlight the importance of industrialization, reveal the side effects of industrialization and predict new industrial trends through their creativity, thus having rich connotations and value.
Glycemic Control in Patients After Initiation of Treatment for Vision-Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Moore Shannan , Wu Jun , Pio Jose , Modjtahedi Bobeck S.
Published: March 2024

Purpose: To understand changes in glycemic control in patients being managed with vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were at least 18 years old. Patients who started treatment for vision-threatening DR were matched with controls based on age, sex, race/ethnicity, duration of diabetes, history of diabetes, and history of hypertension. The primary outcome was the difference in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) change after 12 months between cases and controls. Results: Four hundred fifty patients were included (225 cases paired with 225 controls); 58.7% of patients were men, and 33.8% were Hispanic. The mean (±SD) baseline HbA1c was 8.12% ± 1.57%. Patients receiving retinal interventions did not experience a significant change in HbA1c compared with controls 12 months after starting treatment (0.11% ± 1.51% vs −0.02% ± 1.52%; P = .31). In addition, there was not a significant difference in HbA1c change between cases and controls when considering the number of interventions: 2 or fewer interventions (+0.08% ± 1.30% vs −0.07% ± 1.15%; P = .46), 3 to 6 interventions (+0.41% ± 1.71% vs +0.01% ± 2.0%; P = .08), and 7 or more interventions (−0.17% ± 1.49% vs 0.0% ± 1.31%; P = .50). Conclusions: Patients who received treatment for vision-threatening DR did not experience a change in HbA1c. Increasing number of retinal interventions also did not appear to impact glycemic control. There appears to be a missed opportunity for improving diabetes management in patients with vision-threatening DR.
Outcomes of Primary Vitrectomy for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment With No Postoperative Positioning
Authors: Babel Adrian , Xu Kunyong , Chin Eric K. , Almeida David
Published: March 2024

Purpose: To evaluate the anatomic and visual outcomes of primary vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair using no amount of postoperative prone positioning to clarify the role of face-down posturing for RRD reattachment. Methods: This retrospective consecutive interventional case series comprised patients who had primary vitrectomy for RRD repair. The surgical outcomes, single-surgery anatomic success rate, and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were assessed. The primary objective was to evaluate the anatomic and visual outcomes of vitrectomy RRD reattachment using no postoperative prone positioning. Results: This study comprised 116 eyes of 116 patients. Single-surgery anatomic success was achieved in 112 (96.5%) of 116 eyes. The single-surgery anatomic success rate was 100% in phakic patients (n = 56) and 93% in pseudophakic patients (n = 60), with both groups having an improvement in the mean BCVA. Conclusions: Primary vitrectomy with no postoperative prone positioning is a successful surgical intervention for RRD repair. The anatomic closure rate in this study is one of the highest reported in the literature and involved a large number of macula-off RRDs, with minimal complications and a significant improvement in BCVA, primarily using 14% perfluoropropane for gas tamponade.
Prevalence of multimorbidity and its associated risk factors among population of Mechinagar municipality of Nepal
Authors: lohani Suman , Sharma Sanjib Kumar , Singh Suman Bahadur , Uranw Surendra , Ghimire Anup
Published: March 2024

Background

Multimorbidity is a group of conditions, it has significant impact on the population as a whole, resulting in lower quality of life, higher mortality, frequent use of medical services, and consequently higher healthcare costs. The objective of this study is to document the prevalence of common multimorbidity and its associated risk factors among population of Mechinagar Municipality.

Methods

Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted where selected multimorbidity were assessed in selected areas of Mechinagar municipality of Jhapa District . Systematic random sampling technique was used to select 590 adult participants from three pre-defined pocket areas. Pre-designed semi-structured multimorbidity assessment questionnaire for primary care (MAQ-PC)was used to assess prevalence of multimorbidity. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to identify the strongest determinants of multimorbidity.

Results

The prevalence of multimorbidity was 22.4%.Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus and COPD was seen in 39.2%, 7.8.% and 4.4% of the participants respectively . Participants with advancing age i. e. 40-49yrs were 12.62 times (AOR) more likely to have multimorbidity compared to their counterparts who were 20-29yrs old( p=<0.01,CI3.01-15.28) after adjusting for occupation, physical activity and family history of kidney disease. Working individuals, Physical inactivity and positive family history of kidney disease were the strongest determinates of multimorbidity.

Conclusions

The study revealed that participants with increasing age, working individuals, physical inactivity and family history of kidney disease were more vulnerable of having multimorbidity. The findings of our study indicate need of intervention strategies and community-based health promotion programs in reducing burden of chronic disease among adult population.
“How Fluent Do I Need to Be to Say I’m Fluent?” Research Experiences of Communities that Speak Languages Other than English
Authors: Schweiberger Kelsey , Migliori Olivia , Mbangah Mayah , Arena Constanza , Diaz Jenny , Liu Sabrina Yowchyi , Kihumbu Benoit , Rijal Benu , Mwaliya Aweys , Castillo Smyntek Ximena Alejandra , Hoffman Henry , Timsina Khara , Salib Yesmina , Amodei Joseph , Perez Abby Jo , Chaves-Gnecco Diego , Ho Ken , Mugwaneza Kheir , Sidani Jaime , Ragavan Maya I.
Published: March 2024

Objective

The goal of this study was to partner with community organizations to understand the research experiences of communities who speak languages other than English (LOE).

Methods

We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews in Spanish, Nepali, Mandarin, French, or Kizigua with LOE community members and community leaders who completed recruitment and data collection. Audio-recordings of the interviews were transcribed and translated. We conducted qualitative coding using a mixed deductive-inductive analysis approach and thematic analyses using three rounds of affinity clustering. This study occurred in partnership with an established community-academic collaboration.

Results

Thirty community members and six community leaders were interviewed. 83% of LOE participants were born outside of the US and most participants (63%) had never participated in a prior research study. Six themes emerged from this work. Many participants did not understand the concept of research, but those that did thought that inclusion of LOE communities is critical for equity. Even when research was understood as a concept, it was often inaccessible to LOE individuals, particularly because of the lack of language services. When LOE participants engaged in research, they did not always understand their participation. Participants thought that improving research trust was essential and recommended partnering with community organizations and disseminating research results to the community.

Conclusion

This study’s results can serve as an important foundation for researchers seeking to include LOE communities in future research to be more inclusive and scientifically rigorous.
Assemblage thinking and actor–network theory: Reconciling the perspectives of environmental security and political ecology for improving the understanding of farmer–herder conflicts in Africa
Authors: Nwankwo Cletus Famous
Published: March 2024

The two main theoretical approaches to study the farmer–herder conflicts (FHCs) in Africa, namely, environmental security (ES) and political ecology (PE), demonstrate theoretical disagreement. This review proposes that the disagreement between the two approaches needs to be resolved, to account for the complexity of the conflicts. Notably, the resolution can benefit analysts and help them understand the conflicts comprehensively. This review contributes to the literature on FHCs, by integrating the aspects of ES and PE for analyzing the FHCs in a single framework. Particularly, this review reveals some of the factors that shape the conflicts. It uses assemblage thinking and actor–network theory, to incorporate the issues related to the PE and ES of conflicts, which are often ignored in either of these two perspectives previously, and develops a detailed FHC assemblage framework. This method allows us to provide a comprehensive analysis that does not downplay the essential details of the conflicts, which may have been ignored in previous studies.
Applications of humic and fulvic acid under saline soil conditions to improve growth and yield in barley
Authors: Alsudays Ibtisam Mohammed , Alshammary Fowzia Hamdan , Alabdallah Nadiyah M. , Alatawi Aishah , Alotaibi Mashael M. , Alwutayd Khairiah Mubarak , Alharbi Maha Mohammed , Alghanem Suliman M. S. , Alzuaibr Fahad Mohammed , Gharib Hany S. , Awad-Allah Mamdouh M. A.
Published: March 2024

Background

Enriching the soil with organic matter such as humic and fulvic acid to increase its content available nutrients, improves the chemical properties of the soil and increases plant growth as well as grain yield. In this study, we conducted a field experiment using humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA) and recommended dose (RDP) of phosphorus fertilizer to treat Hordeum vulgare seedling, in which four concentrations from HA, FA and RDP (0.0 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100%) under saline soil conditions . Moreover, some agronomic traits (e.g. grain yield, straw yield, spikes weight, plant height, spike length and spike weight) in barley seedling after treated with different concentrations from HA, FA and RDP were determined. As such the beneficial effects of these combinations to improve plant growth, N, P, and K uptake, grain yield, and its components under salinity stress were assessed.

Results

The findings showed that the treatments HA + 100% RDP (T1), HA + 75% RDP (T2), FA + 100% RDP (T5), HA + 50% RDP (T3), and FA + 75% RDP (T6), improved number of spikes/plant, 1000-grain weight, grain yield/ha, harvest index, the amount of uptake of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) in straw and grain. The increase for grain yield over the control was 64.69, 56.77, 49.83, 49.17, and 44.22% in the first season, and 64.08, 56.63, 49.19, 48.87, and 43.69% in the second season,. Meanwhile, the increase for grain yield when compared to the recommended dose was 22.30, 16.42, 11.27, 10.78, and 7.11% in the first season, and 22.17, 16.63, 11.08, 10.84, and 6.99% in the second season. Therefore, under salinity conditions the best results were obtained when, in addition to phosphate fertilizer, the soil was treated with humic acid or foliar application the plants with fulvic acid under one of the following treatments: HA + 100% RDP (T1), HA + 75% RDP (T2), FA + 100% RDP (T5), HA + 50% RDP (T3), and FA + 75% RDP (T6).

Conclusions

The result of the use of organic amendments was an increase in the tolerance of barley plant to salinity stress, which was evident from the improvement in the different traits that occurred after the treatment using treatments that included organic amendments (humic acid or fulvic acid).
Dotinurad restores exacerbated kidney dysfunction in hyperuricemic patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Amano Hoichi , Kobayashi Seiji , Terawaki Hiroyuki
Published: March 2024

Background

In this study, we aimed to clarify the beneficial effects of urate-lowering treatment with the novel agent dotinurad on renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hyperuricemia (HUA).

Methods

Thirty-five patients with CKD (mean age 65.4 ± 14.8 years, 23 men) diagnosed with HUA were recruited. Changes in eGFR before and after dotinurad administration were assessed. Patients first underwent a 3-month observation period and then 3 months treatment with dotinurad.

Results

During the observation period, mean eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) declined significantly. The baseline eGFR was 31.8 ± 16.4 and the serum urate level (sUA, mg/dL) was 8.1 ± 1.7. During the treatment period, eGFR recovered to 36.5 ± 17.5 and sUA decreased to 6.7 ± 1.0. The increase in eGFR after dotinurad administration was correlated with a decrease in sUA (R = 0.375, p = 0.0263).

Conclusion

Dotinurad administration to patients with CKD and HUA appears to be beneficial in restoring kidney function. Dotinurad may represent a potential medication for the prevention of kidney function decline caused by HUA.