bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safety risks in the ambulatory setting
Authors: Sokol Patricia E. , Neerukonda Kavitha V.
Published: January 2013

Over the past decade, the focus of safety implementation has been on hospital settings, and most research on patient safety has examined hospital care. Yet, each year, 300 Americans are seen in ambulatory settings for every 1 person admitted to a hospital, and research shows that errors in ambulatory settings can be just as devastating as those in hospitals, and, as in the hospital setting, ambulatory errors or events often trigger legal action. The American Medical Association's report summarizing and compiling the past decade's research identifies 3 general gaps in the current research that impede safety analysis and 6 errors that are most common in ambulatory care that warrant attention. As new models of care emerge with an increased focus on continuity across care settings, there are also nascent opportunities for risk managers to analyze and evaluate ambulatory safety, implement strategies, and develop and test tools that could result in safer patient outcomes.
Patient transitions from inpatient to outpatient: Where are the risks? Can we address them?
Authors: McLeod Lou Anne
Published: January 2013

Transitions of care from the inpatient to outpatient setting can be dangerous. Studies have shown that almost half of all hospitalized patients experience a medical error after discharge. With efforts to decrease the cost of healthcare, patients are discharged “quicker and sicker” oftentimes leaving families to manage the patient's recovery with little support. Most medical errors can be traced back to communication breakdowns and lack of systems to follow up on needed care. Inpatient and outpatient providers must work together to develop processes to address these deficits or face decreasing reimbursement and malpractice claims.
Comparison of high spatial resolution respiratory triggered inversion recovery‐prepared spoiled gradient echo sequence with standard breathhold T1 sequence MRI of the liver using gadoxetic acid
Authors: Tran Phillip V.P. , Jhaveri Kartik S.
Published: January 2013

Purpose:

To assess if a high resolution respiratory triggered inversion recovery prepared GRE sequence (RT) improved image quality and detection of lesions compared with breathhold GRE T1 weighted MR sequence (BH) in the hepatobiliary uptake phase of MR of the liver using gadoxetic acid (Gd‐EOB‐DTPA).

Materials and Methods:

Thirty‐eight consecutive patients from July 2009 to September 2010 who had undergone Gd‐EOB‐DTPA enhanced liver exams were retrospectively identified. Qualitative assessment performed on reference lesions and background liver by two independent readers. Quantitative assessment performed by one reader.

Results:

Liver parenchyma signal‐to‐noise ratio for BH was 90.3 ± 23.9 (mean ± SD) and RT, 106.1 ± 40.4 (P = 0.119). For BH, 320 lesions were detected compared with 257 for RT. Lesion to liver contrast was significantly better on RT sequences (0.26 ± 0.24; mean ± SD) compared with BH sequence (0.21 ± 0.20; P = 0.044).

Fifty‐seven reference lesions assessed. Both reviewers rated BH better for lesion margin and hepatic vessel sharpness. BH was rated with less artifact (P < 0.05). Lesion to liver contrast on BH was significantly better for one reviewer.

Conclusion:

BH sequence had better overall image quality than RT in several quantitative and qualitative factors including number of lesions detected and level of artifact. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:700—706. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rapid freehand MR‐guided percutaneous needle interventions: An image‐based approach to improve workflow and feasibility
Authors: Rothgang Eva , Gilson Wesley D. , Wacker Frank , Hornegger Joachim , Lorenz Christine H. , Weiss Clifford R.
Published: January 2013

Purpose:

To develop and evaluate software‐based methods for improving the workflow of magnetic resonance (MR)‐guided percutaneous interventions.

Materials and Methods:

A set of methods was developed that allows the user to: 1) plan an entire procedure, 2) directly apply this plan to skin entry site localization without further imaging, and 3) place a needle under real‐time MR guidance with automatic alignment of three orthogonal slices along a planned trajectory with preference to the principal patient axes. To validate targeting accuracy and time, phantom experiments (96 targets) and in vivo paraspinal and kidney needle punctures in two pigs (55 targets) were performed. The influence of trajectory obliquity, level of experience, and organ motion on targeting accuracy and time was analyzed.

Results:

Mean targeting error was 1.8 ± 0.9 mm (in vitro) and 2.9 ± 1.0 mm (in vivo) in all directions. No statistically significant differences in targeting accuracy between single‐ and double‐oblique trajectories, novice and expert users, or paraspinal and kidney punctures were observed. The average time (in vivo) from trajectory planning to verification of accurate needle placement was 6 minutes.

Conclusion:

The developed methods allow for accurate needle placement along complex trajectories and are anticipated to reduce table time for MR‐guided percutaneous needle interventions. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:1202–1212. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bone morphogenetic protein 4, inhibitor of differentiation 1, and epidermal growth factor receptor regulate the survival of cochlear sensory epithelial cells
Authors: Chen Junming , Sun Wei , Zheng Yiqing , Xiong Hao , Cai Yuexing
Published: January 2013

Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is crucial for the development of the inner ear, but the mechanism of how BMP4 affects this process remains unknown. The focus of this research was to determine whether BMP4 can regulate the survival of cochlear sensory epithelial cells through inhibitor of differentiation 1 (Id1) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In this study, we first investigated the effects of BMP4, noggin, and dominant negative BMPR1B (dnBMPR1B) on the proliferation and survival of cochlear sensory epithelial cells. Subsequently, we investigated the influences of BMP4, noggin, and dnBMPR1B on the expression of Id1 and EGFR. We found that BMP4 had a negative effect on cell survival and on Id1 and EGFR expression in vitro, whereas noggin and dnBMPR1B treatment had positive effects. Knockdown of the Id1 gene with short interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced the expression of EGFR and cell proliferation. These data suggest that BMP4 may regulate survival through the Id1/EGFR pathway during development of the rat inner ear. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Potassium‐induced cortical spreading depression bilaterally suppresses the electroencephalogram but only ipsilaterally affects red blood cell velocity in intraparenchymal capillaries
Authors: Unekawa Miyuki , Tomita Yutaka , Toriumi Haruki , Masamoto Kazuto , Kanno Iwao , Suzuki Norihiro
Published: January 2013

Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is a repetitive, propagating profile of mass depolarization of neuronal and glial cells, followed by sustained suppression of spontaneous neuronal activity. We have reported a long‐lasting suppressive effect on red blood cell (RBC) velocities in intraparenchymal capillaries. Here, to test the hypothesis that the prolonged decrease of RBC velocity in capillaries is due to suppression of neuronal activity, we measured CSD‐elicited changes in the electroencephalogram (EEG) as an index of neuronal activity. In isoflurane‐anesthetized rats, DC potential, EEG, partial pressure of oxygen (PO2), and cerebral blood flow (CBF) were simultaneously recorded in the temporo‐parietal region. The velocities of fluorescently labeled RBCs were evaluated by high‐speed camera laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy with our original software, KEIO‐IS2. Transient deflection of DC potential and PO2 and increase of CBF were repeatedly detected only in the ipsilateral hemisphere following topical KCl application. On the other hand, the relative spectral power of EEG was reduced bilaterally, showing the lowest value at 5 min after KCl application, when the other parameters had already returned to the baseline after the passage of CSD. Mean RBC velocity in capillaries was slightly but significantly reduced during and after passage of CSD in the ipsilateral hemisphere but did not change in the contralateral hemisphere in the same rats. We suggest that mass depolarization of neuronal and glial cells might transiently decelerate RBCs in nearby capillaries, but the sustained reduction of ipsilateral RBC velocity might be a result of the prolonged effect of CSD, not of neuronal suppression alone. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polymeric ionic liquid modified stainless steel wire as a novel fiber for solid‐phase microextraction
Authors: Xu Lili , Jia Jing , Feng Juanjuan , Liu Juanshu , Jiang Shengxiang
Published: January 2013

A polymeric ionic liquid modified stainless steel wire for solid‐phase microextraction was reported. Mercaptopropyl‐functionalized stainless steel wire that was formed by co‐condensation of tetramethoxysilane and 3‐mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane via a sol‐gel process, which is followed by in situ surface radical chain‐transfer polymerization of 1‐vinyl‐3‐octylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate to result in polymeric ionic liquid modified stainless steel wire. The fiber surface was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X‐ray analysis. Coupled with GC, extraction performance of the fiber was tested with phenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as model analytes. Effects of extraction and desorption conditions were investigated systematically in our work. RSDs for single‐fiber repeatability and fiber‐to‐fiber reproducibility were less than 7.34 and 16.82%, respectively. The calibration curves were linear in a wide range for all analytes and the detection limits were in the range of 10–60 ng L−1. Two real water samples from the Yellow River and local waterworks were applied to test the as‐established solid‐phase microextraction–GC method with the recoveries of samples spiked at 10 μg L−1 ranged from 83.35 to 119.24%. The fiber not only exhibited excellent extraction efficiency, but also very good rigidity, stability and durability.
Ultrasound‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry in negative chemical ionization mode for the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in water
Authors: Zhang Qian , Liang Tao , Guan Lili
Published: January 2013

A simple and economical method for the determination of eight polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDE‐28, 47, 99, 100,153,154,183, and 209) in water was developed. This method involves the use of ultrasound‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with GC‐MS in negative chemical ionization mode. Various parameters affecting the extraction efficiency, including the type and volume of extraction and dispersive solvents, salt concentration, extraction time, and ultrasonic time, were investigated. A volume of 1.0 mL of acetone (dispersive solvent) containing 10 μL tetrachloroethylene (extraction solvent) was injected into 5.0 mL of water samples and then emulsified by ultrasound for 2.0 min to produce the cloudy solution. Under the optimal condition, the enrichment factors for the eight PBDEs were varied from 845‐ to 1050‐folds. Good linearity was observed in the range of 1.0–200 ng L−1 for BDE‐28, 47, 99, and 100; 5.0–200 ng L−1 for BDE‐153, 154, and 183; and 5.0–500 ng L−1 for BDE‐209. The RSD values were in the range of 2.5–8.4% (n = 5) and the LODs ranged from 0.40 to 2.15 ng L−1 (S/N = 3). The developed method was applied for the determination of eight BPDEs in the river and lake water samples, and the mean recoveries at spiking levels of 5.0 and 50.0 ng L−1 were in the range of 70.6–105.1%.
Stigma and Demographic Correlates of Help‐Seeking Intentions in Returning Service Members
Authors: Blais Rebecca K. , Renshaw Keith D.
Published: January 2013

Many U.S. Iraq/Afghanistan‐era veterans return from deployment with posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms, but few veterans seek psychological help. Research on barriers to care is growing, but the link between stigma and help‐seeking is understudied. The present study examined anticipated enacted stigma from military and nonmilitary sources, self‐stigma, PTS, perceived likelihood of deploying again, marital status, and history of mental health care engagement as correlates of help‐seeking intentions from a mental health professional or medical doctor/advance practice registered nurse (MD/APRN) in a sample of 165 combat veterans. Using structural equation modeling, results demonstrated that self‐stigma was negatively associated with help‐seeking intentions from a mental health professional and MD/APRN with small‐to‐medium effect sizes. Being married was positively associated with help‐seeking intentions from a mental health professional and MD/APRN with small effect sizes. History of previous mental health care engagement was positively associated with help‐seeking intentions from a mental health professional with a medium effect size, but unrelated to help‐seeking intentions from a MD/APRN. Anticipated enacted stigma from any source, PTS, and greater perceived likelihood of deploying again were unrelated to help‐seeking intentions from a mental health professional and MD/APRN. Implications for interventions aimed at decreasing self‐stigma and increasing intention to seek help are discussed.
Soil Organic Carbon Molecular Properties: Effects of Time Since Reclamation in a Minesoil Chronosequence
Authors: Chaudhuri S. , McDonald L. M. , Skousen J. , Pena‐Yewtukhiw E. M.
Published: January 2013

Studies on molecular characterization of soil organic carbon (SOC), although critical to understanding SOC dynamics, are relatively scarce for reclaimed minesoils. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of time since reclamation on SOC molecular properties in a reclaimed minesoil chronosequence using different spectroscopic indices. The chronosequence consisted of four minesoils, with similar soil‐forming conditions, reclaimed to pasture ecosystem, and distinguished only by time since reclamation varying from 1 to 22 years. Results indicated that the SOC molecules in the older minesoils were comprised of highly humified polyaromatic and polycondensed species with higher proportions of O‐containing and N‐containing functional groups. In each minesoil, resistant and labile SOC fractions were identified. The resistant SOC fraction constituted >20 and <10 per cent of total SOC (g kg−1) in the oldest and youngest minesoil, respectively. Among the spectroscopic indices, the ϵ285 ultraviolet‐visible index, diagnostic of aromatic C, was the most efficient in identifying the intrasite short‐term (1‐year) changes in SOC molecular properties. Strong positive relationships found between different spectroscopic indices and total SOC (g kg−1), with consistently higher r2 values observed in older minesoils, indicated that SOC molecular characteristics played a key role in overall SOC dynamics, becoming more influential with increasing time since reclamation. In addition, significant relationships between the spectroscopic indices and different soil quality parameters indicated that SOC molecular properties influenced soil quality as well. Overall, the results indicated that SOC molecular properties were useful indicators of both SOC dynamics and soil quality in this minesoil chronosequence. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scaffold Effects on Osteogenic Differentiation of Equine Mesenchymal Stem Cells: An In Vitro Comparative Study
Authors: Nino‐Fong Rodolfo , McDuffee Laurie A. , Esparza Gonzalez Blanca P. , Kumar M. Ramesh , Merschrod S. Erika F. , Poduska Kristin M.
Published: January 2013

The in vitro viability, osteogenic differentiation, and mineralization of four different equine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow, periosteum, muscle, and adipose tissue are compared, when they are cultured with different collagen‐based scaffolds or with fibrin glue. The results indicate that bone marrow cells are the best source of MSCs for osteogenic differentiation, and that an electrochemically aggregated collagen gives the highest cell viability and best osteogenic differentiation among the four kinds of scaffolds studied.

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The anguibactin biosynthesis and transport genes are encoded in the chromosome of Vibrio harveyi: a possible evolutionary origin for the pJM1 plasmid–encoded system of Vibrio anguillarum?
Authors: Naka Hiroaki , Actis Luis A. , Crosa Jorge H.
Published: January 2013

Many Vibrio anguillarum serotype O1 strains carry 65‐kb pJM1‐type plasmids harboring genes involved in siderophore anguibactin biosynthesis and transport. The anguibactin system is an essential factor for V. anguillarum to survive under iron‐limiting conditions, and as a consequence, it is a very important virulence factor of this bacterium. Our comparative analysis of genomic data identified a cluster harboring homologs of anguibactin biosynthesis and transport genes in the chromosome of Vibrio harveyi. We have purified the putative anguibactin siderophore and demonstrated that it is indeed anguibactin by mass spectrometry and specific bioassays. Furthermore, we characterized two genes, angR and fatA, in this chromosome cluster that, respectively, participate in anguibactin biosynthesis and transport as determined by mutagenesis analysis. Furthermore, we found that the V. harveyi FatA protein is located in the outer membrane fractions as previously demonstrated in V. anguillarum. Based on our data, we propose that the anguibactin biosynthesis and transport cluster in the V. anguillarum pJM1 plasmid have likely evolved from the chromosome cluster of V. harveyi or vice versa.
Adenylylation, MS, and proteomics—Introducing a “new” modification to bottom‐up proteomics
Authors: Hansen Terkel , Albers Michel , Hedberg Christian , Sickmann Albert
Published: January 2013

Although the addition of a 5′‐adenosine phosphodiester group to proteins, called adenylylation, has been known for decades, the possibility that adenylylation could be a molecular switch in cellular signaling pathways has emerged recently. The distinct mass shift upon adenylation of threonine or tyrosine residues renders it a good target for MS detection and identification; however, the fragmentation of adenylylated peptides derived from proteolytic digestion of adenylylated proteins has not yet been systematically investigated. Here, we demonstrate that adenylylated peptides show loss of parts of the adenosine monophosphate (AMP) upon different fragmentation techniques. As expected, causing the least fragmentation of the AMP group, electron transfer dissociation yields less complicated spectra. In contrast, CID and higher energy collision (HCD) fragmentation caused AMP to fragment, generating characteristic ions that could be utilized in the specific identification of adenylylated peptides. The characteristic ions and losses upon CID and higher energy collision fragmentation from the AMP group turned out to be highly dependent on which amino acid was adenylylated, with different reporter ions for adenylylated threonine and tyrosine. We also investigated how adenylylation is best incorporated into search engines, exemplified by Mascot and showed that it is possible to identify adenylylation by search engines.
Managing the Intangible Aspects of a Project: The Affect of Vision, Artifacts, and Leader Values on Project Spirit and Success in Technology-Driven Projects
Authors: Aronson Zvi H. , Shenhar Aaron J. , Patanakul Peerasit
Published: January 2013

Successful projects are often characterized by a unique spirit. Phase one results, based on 193 employees partaking in 60 projects across organizations, support a model positing that leader building activities affect employees' emotions, attitudes, and behavioral norms that are focused on expected project outcomes, termed project spirit. Spirit affects employees' contextual performance behavior, which in turn affects success as proposed. Phase two cases, designed to ground these results in technology-driven project contexts, highlight the value of managing the project's intangible aspects captured by spirit. Quantitative and qualitative findings imply that leaders can be coached to execute behaviors that generate a project's spirit, which boosts contextual performance behavior and increases project success.
Combining PCA with DEA to Improve the Evaluation of Project Performance Data: A Taiwanese Bureau of Energy Case Study
Authors: Fu Hsin-Pin , Ou Jia-Ruey
Published: January 2013

This article proposes a new method of project performance evaluation, by which project performance data can be better understood. This article combines principal component analysis (PCA) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) to enhance the efficiency of decision-making units more accurately. The data used was based on energy projects promoted by the Bureau of Energy at the Ministry of Economic Affairs in Taiwan. The results of this article show that by combining PCA and DEA in evaluating the performance of energy projects, there was an improved evaluation of projects over simply using DEA data alone.
Dental Applications of Low‐Temperature Nonthermal Plasmas
Authors: Kim Gyoo Cheon , Lee Hyun Wook , Byun June Ho , Chung Jin , Jeon Young Chan , Lee Jae Koo
Published: January 2013

Oral cavity and teeth are important organs of human body. The attention and cost for dental treatments increase every year. In dental clinics, the most common diseases are dental caries, periodontal disease, and stomatitis. Dental aesthetics such as tooth whitening is one of important part of dental clinics. However, conventional treatment methods in dental clinics have limitations by pain and long‐time treatment. Nonthermal plasmas have shown great potential as noble techniques to dental applications due to safety and multi‐functional effects achieved by the abundant plasma components including charged particles, radiation, and reactive species. Reactive oxygen species generated from plasmas can effectively inhibit pathogen activity. The use of nonthermal plasmas is efficient in treating oral diseases because the construction of the plasma devices allows easy access to the oral cavity. However, few studies have been conducted on the use of plasmas in oral disease. Tooth aesthetics, as well as treatment of oral diseases, are important in determining the quality of human life. Recent studies have shown nonthermal plasmas to have strong tooth‐bleaching effects. Studies on oral care using nonthermal plasmas will significantly contribute to oral health in the future.

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Morphological Description of Ultra‐Smooth Organo‐Silicone Layers Synthesized Using Atmospheric Pressure Dielectric Barrier Discharge Assisted PECVD
Authors: Premkumar Peter Antony , Starostin Sergey A. , de Vries Hindrik , Creatore Mariadriana , Koenraad Paul M. , van de Sanden Mauritius C. M.
Published: January 2013

The SiOxCyHz layers synthesized by means of the atmospheric pressure glow‐like DBD assisted PECVD technology show remarkable planarizing film properties, observed for the first time. The films were deposited in a roll‐to‐roll mode on large area polymeric webs using HMDSO and air as the precursor and oxidiser. FTIR analysis show the carbon content in the SiOx films is strongly correlated with the precursor flow rate resulting in SiO2‐like layers with negligible carbon content at lower flow values (0.4 g/h), while at higher flow rates carbon rich SiOxCyHz films were obtained. Detailed AFM surface profile analysis show that the SiOxCyHz films smoothen out the global and local surface structures of the polymer comprising a reduction in rms surface roughness (0.99 ± 0.11 nm) and increase of roughness exponent (α = 0.97 ± 0.02) compared to that of PEN polymer. These ultra‐smooth organic layers together with the smooth inorganic SiOx layers (1.75 ± 0.12 nm), exhibiting roughness comparable to the polymer (1.50 ± 0.07 nm) at lower precursor input, provide an efficient route to fabricate multilayer hybrid structures in a single chamber synthesis.

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Prediction of protein domain boundaries from inverse covariances
Authors: Sadowski Michael I.
Published: January 2013

It has been known even since relatively few structures had been solved that longer protein chains often contain multiple domains, which may fold separately and play the role of reusable functional modules found in many contexts. In many structural biology tasks, in particular structure prediction, it is of great use to be able to identify domains within the structure and analyze these regions separately. However, when using sequence data alone this task has proven exceptionally difficult, with relatively little improvement over the naive method of choosing boundaries based on size distributions of observed domains. The recent significant improvement in contact prediction provides a new source of information for domain prediction. We test several methods for using this information including a kernel smoothing‐based approach and methods based on building alpha‐carbon models and compare performance with a length‐based predictor, a homology search method and four published sequence‐based predictors: DOMCUT, DomPRO, DLP‐SVM, and SCOOBY‐DOmain. We show that the kernel‐smoothing method is significantly better than the other ab initio predictors when both single‐domain and multidomain targets are considered and is not significantly different to the homology‐based method. Considering only multidomain targets the kernel‐smoothing method outperforms all of the published methods except DLP‐SVM. The kernel smoothing method therefore represents a potentially useful improvement to ab initio domain prediction. Proteins 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of pressure on the low‐frequency vibrational modes of lysozyme and water: A complementary inelastic neutron scattering and molecular dynamics simulation study
Authors: Lerbret Adrien , Hédoux Alain , Annighöfer Burkhard , Bellissent‐Funel Marie‐Claire
Published: January 2013

We performed complementary inelastic neutron scattering (INS) experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study the influence of pressure on the low‐frequency vibrational modes of lysozyme in aqueous solution in the 1 atm–6 kbar range. Increasing pressure induces a high‐frequency shift of the low‐frequency part (<10 meV = 80 cm−1) of the vibrational density of states (VDOS), g(ω), of both lysozyme and water that reveals a stiffening of the interactions ascribed to the reduction of the protein and water volumes. Accordingly, high pressures increase the curvature of the free energy profiles of the protein quasiharmonic vibrational modes. Furthermore, the nonlinear influence of pressure on the g(ω) of lysozyme indicates a change of protein dynamics that reflects the nonlinear pressure dependence of the protein compressibility. An analogous dynamical change is observed for water and stems from the distortion of its tetrahedral structure under pressure. Moreover, our study reveals that the structural, dynamical, and vibrational properties of the hydration water of lysozyme are less sensitive to pressure than those of bulk water, thereby evidencing the strong influence of the protein surface on hydration water. Proteins 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Disordered magnetism in superconducting KFe2As2 single crystals
Authors: Grinenko V. , Drechsler S.‐L. , Abdel‐Hafiez M. , Aswartham S. , Wolter A. U. B. , Wurmehl S. , Hess C. , Nenkov K. , Fuchs G. , Efremov D. V. , Holzapfel B. , van den Brink J. , Büchner B.
Published: January 2013

High‐quality KFe2As2 (K122) single crystals synthesized by different techniques have been studied by magnetization and specific heat (SH) measurements. The adopted phenomenological analysis of the normal state properties shows that there are two types of samples both affected by disordered magnetic phases: (i) cluster‐glass (CG) like or (ii) Griffiths phase (G) like. For (i) at low applied magnetic fields the T‐dependence of the zero‐field‐cooled (ZFC) linear susceptibility χl exhibits an anomaly with an irreversible behavior in ZFC and field‐cooled (FC) data. This anomaly is related to the freezing temperature Tf of a CG. For the investigated samples the extrapolated Tf to B = 0 varies between 56 and 90 K. Below Tf we observed a magnetic hysteresis in the field dependence of the isothermal magnetization M(B). The frequency shift of the freezing temperature $\delta T_{{\rm f}} = {\rm \Delta }T_{{\rm f}} /[T_{{\rm f}} {\rm \Delta }({\rm ln}\,\nu )]\sim 0.05$ has an intermediate value, which provides evidence for the formation of a CG‐like state in the K122 samples of type (i). The frequency dependence of their Tf follows a conventional power‐law divergence of critical slowing down $\tau = \tau _{0} [T_{{\rm f}} (\nu )/T_{{\rm f}} (0)- 1]^{- z\nu '} $ with the critical exponent zν′ ≈ 10 and a relatively long characteristic time constant $\tau _{0} \approx 6.9 \times 10^{- 11} \,{\rm s}$ also supporting a CG behavior. The large value of the Sommerfeld coefficient obtained from SH measurements of these samples was related to the magnetic contribution from a CG. Samples from (ii) did not show a hysteresis behavior for χl(T) and M(B). Below some crossover temperature T* ≈ 50–80 K a power‐law dependence in the $\chi _{{\rm l}} \,{\propto} \,T^{\lambda _{{\rm G}} - 1} $, with a non‐universal λG was observed, suggesting a quantum G‐like behavior. In this case χl and M(B) can be scaled using the scaling function $M_{{\rm s}} (T,B) = B^{1- \lambda _{{\rm G}} } Y(\mu B/k_{{\rm b}} T)$ with the scaling moment µ ∼ 3.5 µB. The same non‐universal exponent was found also in SH measurements, where the magnetic contribution $C/T\,{\propto} \,T^{\lambda _{{\rm G}} - 1} $.
Control of Biofouling: Lessons Learned From a Decade of Carbon Injection System Operation and Maintenance
Authors: Burnell Shawn , Spitzinger Jon , Jin Peng , Erickson Jay , Hauber Erin , Nelson Denice
Published: January 2013

Over the past decade, we have learned a number of critical lessons surrounding carbon substrate handling while operating and maintaining hundreds of enhanced in situ biological remedies. The same qualities that make these substrates effective can also cause biofouling of the mixing system, piping infrastructure, and remediation wells. Managing biofouling is a key piece of a successful remedy and requires a unique set of design principles. Small decreases in injection rates can have considerable impacts to life‐cycle costs and performance caused by decreased substrate distribution and longer injection time frames, resulting in the need for system cleaning, well rehabilitation, and even well replacement. Biofouling can impair performance in any size system, but effects are often magnified by large injection volumes and extended time frames. Design should be considered in all stages of the anaerobic enhanced in situ bioremediation life cycle, particularly related to reagent mixing, storage, and residence time within the system. By understanding the fundamental mechanisms of biofouling, practitioners can make operational adjustments to enhance remedy performance by considering potential biofouling controls in the design; balancing site‐specific strategy and diagnostics; and proactively adjusting and fine tuning control/prevention technology and methodology.

Ultimately, a combination of chemical and physical methods may be required to operate a carbon handling system over the long term; however, the operational costs can be greatly reduced and delivery efficiency increased if these methods are understood during the design phase. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Field Evidence of Dissolution and Degradation Rates Enhancement During ISCR and ENA Treatments of Chlorinated Solvents
Authors: Barnier Christophe , Palmier Cedric , Atteia Olivier
Published: January 2013

This article presents field tests comparing two methods of treatment of chlorinated solvents undertaken at the same site. The site is an automobile factory where two chlorinated solvents (CS) plumes were identified. At the first source, in situ chemical reduction (ISCR) was applied, while at the second one, enhanced natural attenuation (ENA) was used. A set of specific multilevel sampling wells were installed approximately 20 m downgradient of the sources to estimate the efficiency of the treatments. The presence of a low‐permeability layer (source 1) or a thick oil lens (source 2) in the top part of the aquifer prevented the CS from reaching the bottom of the aquifer. These layers led to difficulties treating the contamination. At the ISCR and ENA treatment zones, the concentrations of tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) did not change significantly, while the concentration of metabolites (cis‐1,2‐DCE, vinyl chloride, and ethene) significantly increased 50 to 150 days after treatment. Due to high concentration of CS in the source zone, a mass balance calculation, including chlorine, was possible. It showed that around 1 to 2 percent of the injected products were used to reduce the CS. A detailed analysis and 1D analytical modeling of CS concentrations showed that the treatment led to a large (two to three times) increase in dissolution of the organic phase. This explains why, despite an efficient treatment, the PCE and TCE concentrations remained virtually unchanged. Degradation rates also increased due to the treatment. Due to some differences in the source‐zone chemistry, it was not possible to differentiate between the ISCR and ENA efficiencies. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Provably secure revocable ID‐based signature in the standard model
Authors: Tsai Tung‐Tso , Tseng Yuh‐Min , Wu Tsu‐Yang
Published: January 2013

A signature scheme is one of the important primitives in modern cryptography, which may offer functionalities of user identification, non‐repudiation, and message authentication. With the advent of identity (ID)‐based public key systems with bilinear pairings defined on elliptic curves, many ID‐based signature schemes have been proposed. Like certificate‐based public key systems, any ID‐based public key system must provide a revocation method to revoke misbehaving users. There was little work on studying the revocation problem of ID‐based public key systems, and no ID‐based signature scheme deals with how to revoke the signing ability of misbehaving users. Quite recently, Tseng and Tsai presented a practical revocation mechanism using a public channel for ID‐based public key systems. In this paper, we adopt Tseng and Tsai's revocation concept to define the new framework and security notions of revocable ID‐based signature (RIBS) scheme and propose the first RIBS scheme in the standard model. Under the computational Diffie–Hellman assumption, we demonstrate that the proposed RIBS scheme is provably secure while remaining efficient for signing and verification as compared with previously proposed ID‐based signature schemes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling time‐varying effects with generalized and unsynchronized longitudinal data
Authors: Şentürk Damla , Dalrymple Lorien S. , Mohammed Sandra M. , Kaysen George A. , Nguyen Danh V.
Published: January 2013

We propose novel estimation approaches for generalized varying coefficient models that are tailored for unsynchronized, irregular and infrequent longitudinal designs/data. Unsynchronized longitudinal data refer to the time‐dependent response and covariate measurements for each individual measured at distinct time points. Data from the Comprehensive Dialysis Study motivate the proposed methods. We model the potential age‐varying association between infection‐related hospitalization status and the inflammatory marker, C‐reactive protein, within the first 2 years from initiation of dialysis. We cannot directly apply traditional longitudinal modeling to unsynchronized data, and no method exists to estimate time‐varying or age‐varying effects for generalized outcomes (e.g., binary or count data) to date. In addition, through the analysis of the Comprehensive Dialysis Study data and simulation studies, we show that preprocessing steps, such as binning, needed to synchronize data to apply traditional modeling can lead to significant loss of information in this context. In contrast, the proposed approaches discard no observation; they exploit the fact that although there is little information in a single subject trajectory because of irregularity and infrequency, the moments of the underlying processes can be accurately and efficiently recovered by pooling information from all subjects using functional data analysis. We derive subject‐specific mean response trajectory predictions and study finite sample properties of the estimators. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Concise Review: Adult Salivary Gland Stem Cells and a Potential Therapy for Xerostomia
Authors: Pringle Sarah , Van Os Ronald , Coppes Robert P.
Published: January 2013

The ability to speak, swallow, masticate, taste food, and maintain a healthy oral cavity is heavily reliant on the presence of saliva, the hugely important effect of which on our everyday lives is often unappreciated. Hyposalivation, frequently experienced by people receiving radiation therapy for head and neck cancers, results in a plethora of symptoms whose combined effect can drastically reduce quality of life. Although artificial lubricants and drugs stimulating residual function are available to ameliorate the consequences of hyposalivation, their effects are at best transient. Such management techniques do not address the source of the problem: a lack of functional saliva-producing acinar cells, resulting from radiation-induced stem cell sterilization. Post-radiotherapy stimulation of cell proliferation only results in improved saliva secretion when part of the tissue has been spared or when the dose to the salivary gland (SG) remains below a certain level. Therefore, stem cell replacement therapy may be a good option to treat radiation-induced hyposalivation. Substantial progress has been made lately in the understanding of cell turnover in the SG, and the recent identification of stem and progenitor cell populations in the SG provides a basis for studies toward development of a stem cell-based therapy for xerostomia. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of SG stem cells and their potential for use in a cell-based therapy that may provide a more durable cure for hyposalivation.
Learning to argue: A study of four schools and their attempt to develop the use of argumentation as a common instructional practice and its impact on students
Authors: Osborne Jonathan , Simon Shirley , Christodoulou Andri , Howell‐Richardson Christina , Richardson Katherine
Published: January 2013

This article reports the outcomes of a project in which teachers' sought to develop their ability to use instructional practices associated with argumentation in the teaching of science—in particular, the use of more dialogic approach based on small group work and the consideration of ideas, evidence, and argument. The project worked with four secondary school science departments over 2 years with the aim of developing a more dialogic approach to the teaching of science as a common instructional practice within the school. To achieve this goal, two lead teachers in each school worked to improve the use of argumentation as an instructional practice by embedding activities in the school science curriculum and to develop their colleague's expertise across the curriculum for 11‐ to 16‐year‐old students. This research sought to identify: (a) whether such an approach using minimal support and professional development could lead to measurable difference in student outcomes, and (b) what changes in teachers' practice were achieved (reported elsewhere). To assess the effects on student learning and engagement, data were collected of students' conceptual understanding, reasoning, and attitudes toward science from both the experimental schools and a comparison sample using a set of standard instruments. Results show that few significant changes were found in students compared to the comparison sample. In this article, we report the findings and discuss what we argue are salient implications for teacher professional development and teacher learning. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 50:315–347, 2013
Measurement of η meson production in γγ interactions and Γ(η → γγ) with the KLOE detector
Authors:   The KLOE-2 collaboration, Babusci D. , Badoni D. , Balwierz-Pytko I. , Bencivenni G. , Bini C. , Bloise C. , Bossi F. , Branchini P. , Budano A. , Caldeira Balkeståhl L. , Capon G. , Ceradini F. , Ciambrone P. , Czerwinski E. , Danè E. , De Lucia E. , De Robertis G. , De Santis A. , Di Domenico A. , Di Donato C. , Di Salvo R. , Domenici D. , Erriquez O. , Fanizzi G. , Fantini A. , Felici G. , Fiore S. , Franzini P. , Gauzzi P. , Giardina G. , Giovannella S. , Gonnella F. , Graziani E. , Happacher F. , Heijkenskjöld L. , Höistad B. , Iafolla L. , Jacewicz M. , Johansson T. , Kupsc A. , Lee-Franzini J. , Leverington B. , Loddo F. , Loffredo S. , Mandaglio G. , Martemianov M. , Martini M. , Mascolo M. , Messi R. , Miscetti S. , Morello G. , Moricciani D. , Moskal P. , Nguyen F. , Passeri A. , Patera V. , Prado Longhi I. , Ranieri A. , Redmer C. F. , Santangelo P. , Sarra I. , Schioppa M. , Sciascia B. , Silarski M. , Taccini C. , Tortora L. , Venanzoni G. , Wislicki W. , Wolke M. , Zdebik J.
Published: January 2013

Abstract

We present a measurement of η meson production in photon-photon interactions produced by electron-positron beams colliding with
$ \sqrt{s}=1 $
GeV. The measurement is done with the KLOE detector at the ϕ-factory DAΦNE with an integrated luminosity of 0.24 fb−1. The e
+
e
− → e
+
e
−
η cross section is measured without detecting the out-going electron and positron, selecting the decays η → π
+
π
−
π
0 and η → π
0
π
0
π
0. The most relevant background is due to e
+
e
− → ηγ when the monochromatic photon escapes detection. The cross section for this process is measured as σ(e
+
e
− → ηγ) = (856 ± 8stat ± 16syst) pb. The combined result for the e
+
e
− → e
+
e
−
η cross section is σ(e
+
e
− → e
+
e
−
η) = (32.72 ± 1.27stat ± 0.70syst) pb. From this we derive the partial width Γ(η → γγ) = (520 ± 20stat ± 13syst) eV. This is in agreement with the world average and is the most precise measurement to date.
Effect of Adjusted Cuff Pressure of Endotracheal Tube During Thyroidectomy on Postoperative Airway Complications: Prospective, Randomized, and Controlled Trial
Authors: Ryu Jung‐Hee , Han Sun‐Sook , Do Sang‐Hwan , Lee Jung‐Min , Lee Sang‐Chul , Choi Eun‐Soo
Published: January 2013

Background

Postoperative sore throat (POST) is a common complaint after general anesthesia, especially following thyroidectomy.

Materials and methods

We examined the effect of adjusting the endotracheal tube cuff pressure during thyroidectomy on the incidence of airway complications. Ninety patients scheduled for elective thyroidectomy were randomized into two groups: control (group A, n = 45) and experimental (group B, n = 45). All patients underwent total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil. In group A, the cuff pressure was set to 25 cm H2O initially and then monitored continuously without adjustment during thyroidectomy. In group B, the cuff pressure was maintained at approximately 25 cm H2O throughout the operation. The incidences and the severity of POST, hoarseness, dysphagia, and cough were recorded at 2 and 24 h postoperatively.

Results

Cuff pressures in group A changed significantly over time (P < 0.05) and were higher than those of group B during thyroidectomy (P < 0.05). The incidences of POST were lower in group B than in group A at 2 and 24 h postoperatively (P < 0.05), and there was a significant difference in the severity of POST at 2 h postoperatively between the two groups. There were no differences in the incidences of hoarseness, dysphagia, and cough between the two study groups (P > 0.05). Adjusting the endotracheal cuff pressure during thyroidectomy decreased the incidence and degree of POST.

Conclusions

Intraoperative monitoring and adjustment of the cuff pressure can reduce POST in patients undergoing thyroidectomy.
High‐Throughput Analysis of Algal Crude Oils Using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Lee Young Jin , Leverence Rachael C. , Smith Erica A. , Valenstein Justin S. , Kandel Kapil , Trewyn Brian G.
Published: January 2013

Lipid analysis often needs to be specifically optimized for each class of compounds due to its wide variety of chemical and physical properties. It becomes a serious bottleneck in the development of algae‐based next generation biofuels when high‐throughput analysis becomes essential for the optimization of various process conditions. We propose a high‐resolution mass spectrometry‐based high‐throughput assay as a ‘quick‐and‐dirty’ protocol to monitor various lipid classes in algal crude oils. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization was determined to be most effective for this purpose to cover a wide range of lipid classes. With an autosampler‐LC pump set‐up, we could analyze algal crude samples every one and half minutes, monitoring several lipid species such as TAG, DAG, squalene, sterols, and chlorophyll a. High‐mass resolution and high‐mass accuracy of the orbitrap mass analyzer provides confidence in the identification of these lipid compounds. MS/MS and MS3 analysis could be performed in parallel for further structural information, as demonstrated for TAG and DAG. This high‐throughput method was successfully demonstrated for semi‐quantitative analysis of algal oils after treatment with various nanoparticles.
LC–ESI–QTOF–MS, MS/MS Analysis of Glycerophospholipid Species in Three Tunisian Pistacia lentiscus Fruit Populations
Authors: Trabelsi Hajer , Renaud Justin , Herchi Wahid , Khouja Mohamed L. , Boukhchina Sadok , Mayer Paul
Published: January 2013

Three populations of Pistacia lentiscus fruits were analyzed for their contents, classes and different molecular species of glycerophospholipids (PL) in order to promote their production and marketability. The LC–ESI–TOF–MS and MS/MS were used to accomplish this analysis. Only four classes of PL were detected at different retention times—phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylinositol (PI). There was a significant difference in the relative observed abundance of various glycerophospholipid classes. PI was found to be the dominant class in the all provenances of lentisc fruit, followed by the PG class in the KO and RM populations. Within the TB population, the PA class is more abundant than PG and PE. The major molecular specie in the PA class is PA‐C16:0/18:2 followed by PA‐C18:1/18:2; and the minor species were determined to be PA‐C16:0/18:3, and PA‐C18:3/18:2. In the PE class of phospholipids PE‐C18:1/18:1 and PE‐C18:2/18:2 are the major species identified. The phospholipids PG‐C18:2/18:2, PG‐18:2/18:1, PI‐C16:0/18:2 and PI‐C16:0/18:1 are the most abundant species within the PG and PI classes. PG‐C18:1/18:1, PI‐C18:0/18:1 and PI‐C16:0/18:3 are found to be only relatively minor chemical species. In conclusion, it is clear that the predominant molecular species of PL are those containing C16:0, C18;1, C18:2 fatty acids and the minor species are those containing C18:0 and C18:3.