bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A cura do corpo e a conversão da alma - conhecimento da natureza e conquista da América, séculos XVI e XVII
Authors: Gesteira Heloisa Meireles
Published: September 2015

O artigo privilegiará a análise do manuscrito apócrifo Curiosidad un libro de medicina escrito por los jesuítas en las misiones del Paraguay, 1580, recentemente encontrado na Biblioteca Nacional. O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar como havia uma relação orgânica entre a produção de conhecimento sobre a natureza e o processo de conquista da América durante os séculos XVI e XVII. A "botânica médica" aparece como um campo de saber privilegiado, pois esse conhecimento era realizado de forma sistematizada e, no caso específico da América portuguesa, controlado sobretudo por agentes sociais interessados na edificação de uma sociedade no Novo Mundo, destacando-se os missionários da Companhia de Jesus. Num primeiro momento elucidaremos o papel da cura no projeto jesuítico de conquista da América. Finalmente, analisaremos as concepções médicas compartilhadas pelos jesuítas. O registro das informações sobre as virtudes das plantas e de algumas partes de animais para uso medicinal foi feito de maneira sistemática, o que levou os jesuítas a acumularem um saber importante para a manutenção da sociedade colonial.
Guerra e sociedade: a situação militar do Rio de Janeiro no Vice-Reinado do Conde da Cunha, 1763-1767
Authors: Mello Christiane
Published: September 2015

Resumo:O presente artigo tem por objetivo o estudo da situação militar da capital do Estado do Brasil, o Rio de Janeiro, durante a segunda metade do século XVIII. Ater-nos-emos mais especificamente ao período do governo do Vice Rei Conde da Cunha (1763-1767), quando se iniciava o estabelecimento das novas diretrizes da Coroa portuguesa referentes à militarização da população colonial. Tais diretrizes, por suas intensas conseqüências sociais, acabaram por tornar esse período especialmente interessante devido ao impacto que produziu na sociedade.
Muito além do céu: Escravidão e estratégias de liberdade no Paraná do século XIX
Authors: Hartung Miriam
Published: September 2015

Este artigo analisa o processo de doação de parte da Fazenda Santa Cruz (município de Ponta Grossa, PR) a escravos e libertos, feito pela proprietária Maria Clara do Nascimento, em 1854. Quais as razões, as motivações e as condições sociais deste ato de fazer de escravos e ex-escravos herdeiros efetivos são algumas das questões que guiam a presente reflexão. Trata-se então de apreender este ato como resultado de um movimento onde se cruzam questões particulares, afetos e desejos de diferentes atores sociais em um contexto mais amplo, regional e nacional, marcados por um conjunto de concepções e políticas públicas próprios àqueles períodos históricos.
O olhar distanciado: Lévi-Strauss e a história
Authors: Hartog François
Published: September 2015

O objetivo geral do artigo é o de analisar as relações entre a história e a etnografia, no século XX, a partir da obra do antropólogo Claude Lévi-Strauss. Seus trabalhos, desdeAs estruturas elementares do parentesco, passando por artigos sobre o tema, pelosTristes trópicos e peloPensamento selvagem, até chegar à conferência Marc Bloch, em 1983, e aDe perto e de longe, estimularam o debate entre as disciplinas, caracterizando meio século de discussões e disputas, que promoveram alterações no campo historiográfico. No centro dessa querela intelectual está a noção de "estrutura". De um lado, sempre Lévi-Strauss; de outro, aparecem, sucessivamente, Lucien Febvre, Ferdinand Braudel e o próprio projeto dosAnnales.
Prospección de escenarios relacionados a la construcción de los puertos uruguayos en la región de la Laguna Merín
Authors: Fossati Cástulo Eizmendi , Lima Milton Luiz Paiva de , Azambuja Ana Maria Volkmer de
Published: September 2015

ResuménEste trabajo realiza la Prospección de Escenarios futuros relacionados con la construcción de puertos en la parte uruguaya de la laguna Merín, mediante consulta a expertos en las distintas áreas que tienen relación con el impacto que generaría la construcción de dichas instalaciones. La prospección considera distintos escenarios que puedan ocurrir, adjudicándole a cada uno una probabilidad de ocurrencia, mientras la proyección clásica distingue apenas un escenario. La Prospección de Escenarios es una parte fundamental en el análisis estratégico. En el presente estudio son determinados, mediante la aplicación de los métodos Grumbach, Delphi y Matriz de Impactos Cruzados, los eventos y escenarios que podrían darse si los puertos proyectados para la región referida anteriormente, efectivamente fueran construidos. Estos eventos consideran el ambiente económico y social, así como a los principales actores presentes en el sistema, tales como organismos públicos y entidades sociales y privadas. El presente estudio se diferencia de otros trabajos realizados, ya que considera, además de puntos de vista estrictamente relacionados al transporte, aspectos laborales, educativos, comerciales y ambientales, teniendo en cuenta organizaciones, instituciones y empresas comprometidas, como subsistemas, que haciendo parte de un sistema único, conforman el sujeto colectivo regional. En este contexto, se visualizan los escenarios posibles así como la determinación de la correlación entre los distintos eventos que conforman esos escenarios, considerando los grados de motricidad y dependencia de cada uno de ellos, entendiéndose que los resultados obtenidos podrían ser útiles en el proceso de toma de decisiones de orden estratégico. En el escenario más probable ocurren los ocho eventos finalmente seleccionados con una probabilidad de ocurrencia de 45,65%. Seis eventos se posicionan como de coligación, uno como explicativo, dos como autónomos y uno como de resultado existiendo convergencia entre las opiniones de los participantes del sector público y el privado.
Um modelo híbrido incorporando preferências declaradas e envoltória de dados aplicado ao transporte de cargas no Brasil
Authors: Ramos Thiago Graça , Alves Alessandro Martins , Caldas Marco Antônio Farah , Mello João Carlos Soares de , Pereira Eliane Ribeiro
Published: September 2015

ResumoO presente trabalho visa identificar empresas que são eficientes em termos de transporte de carga no seu dia-a-dia e verificar os aspectos importantes na hora da tomada de decisão para a contratação do serviço de transporte de carga. Para fazer essa avaliação serão utilizadas diversas técnicas como a Analise Envoltória de Dados, a parte de preferência declarada e modelo logito ordinal. Por meio do uso da técnica do DEA, as eficiências serão classificadas em alta, média e baixa e esta classificação será a variável dependente do modelo logito ordinal e as variáveis independentes deste modelo serão as utilidades oriundas da preferencia delcarada e do modelo de maxdiff que avaliou algumas características que não estavam no modelo de preferência declarada.
Assessment of the services on road transportation of dangerous goods
Authors: Lieggio Júnior Marne , Granemann Sérgio Ronaldo , Rocha Carlos Henrique , Lima Júnior Orlando Fontes
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to propose a methodology to assess the services provided by companies that work with road transportation of dangerous goods. The scientific contribution is to fill the existing void in the literature by means of a methodology that brings together: the identification and analysis of the key stakeholders; multicriterial decision support; multivariate data analysis; and classification of the performance profiles of services. The proposed methodology is divided into the following steps: identifying and analyzing the main stakeholders; identifying the main desired requirements of a company that works with road transportation of dangerous goods; obtaining the weights of the desired requirements and of the aspects considered; and classifying the services provided by these companies. A hypothetical example allowed: identified the main actors; list the key attributes desirable in categories; get their weights; enumerate the alternatives for services rendered; define the Accident Risk Classes; and classify the services provided to contracting in optimistic and pessimistic scenarios.
Transporte coletivo: vibração de corpo-inteiro e conforto de passageiros, motoristas e cobradores
Authors: Figueiredo Marilu Alcântara de Melo , Silva Luiz Felipe , Barnabé Tiago Leão
Published: September 2015

ResumoA vibração de corpo-inteiro (VCI) está presente em diversos veículos, incluindo os ônibus urbanos. A exposição excessiva está associada ao risco de distúrbios na região lombar. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a exposição de condutores e passageiros à VCI. Foi empregada a ISO-2631-1997 como norma de referência para avaliação, e nos limites ocupacionais da Diretiva Europeia (2002). Observou-se superação do nível de ação, segundo o método básico, nos três eixos, tanto para o cobrador como para o motorista do ônibus. A superação do nível limite, segundo método da quarta potência, ocorreu no eixo z, para cobrador e motorista, com valores de VDV de 36,28 ms-1,75 e de 39,71 ms-1,75, respectivamente. Para a realidade do passageiro, a situação no assento frontal do veículo, o valor observado da exposição à VCI, pelo método básico, foi considerado "um pouco desconfortável", enquanto que para o sentado na seção central, foi classificada como "desconfortável". Os valores médios das magnitudes de vibração, no método básico, eixo z, encontrados nos assentos dos passageiros e dos condutores são similares, sugerindo que o amortecimento do assento destes é inadequado. Os condutores estão expostos a níveis acima dos limites recomendados, e os passageiros têm viajado em situação desconfortável.
Probiótico na alimentação de pós-larvas de tilápias-do-nilo submetidas a desafio sanitário
Authors: FERREIRA Antônio Hosmylton Carvalho , BRITO Johnny Martins de , LOPES João Batista , SANTANA JÚNIOR Hermógenes Almeida de , BATISTA João Marcos Monteiro , SILVA Bruna Rocha , SOUZA Ezequiel Marques , AMORIM Igor Luan de Souza
Published: September 2015

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da cepa probiótica Saccharomy cerevisiae na alimentação de pós-lavas de tilápias-do-nilo submetidas a desafio sanitário (fezes de ovinos). Foram selecionadas 300 pós-larvas, com média de peso e comprimentos uniformes. Os tratamentos consistiram de peixes cultivados em água limpa com ração comercial, em quantidade de 10% da biomassa, sem o uso de probiótico e peixes cultivados em água sob desafio sanitário, alimentados com ração comercial, em quantidade de 10% da biomassa e com o uso de probiótico (1,0g Kg-1). Para promover o desafio sanitário aos peixes, foram dissolvidos 50g de fezes de ovinos trituradas in naturaem 1000,0mL de água. Foram avaliadas as variáveis da qualidade da água para determinação imposta pelos dois tratamentos experimentais. Constatou-se efeito significativo (P<0,05) na concentração de fósforo total, pH e oxigênio dissolvido da água com fezes de ovinos, representando o desafio do meio, fato este essencial para a realização desse experimento. Não houve efeito significativo (P>0,05) nas variáveis de desempenho, sobrevivência e índice hepato-somático. As pós-larvas de tilápias-do-nilo alimentadas com ração contendo probiótico (1g.kg-1) submetidas a desafio sanitário proporcionam melhorias no desempenho, sobrevivência e índice hepatossomático equiparando-se aos peixes de água limpa sem o uso de probiótico.
Opal phytolith and isotopic studies of "Restinga" communities of Maricá, Brazil, as a modern reference for paleobiogeoclimatic reconstruction
Authors: Santos Cátia Pereira dos , Coe Heloisa Helena Gomes , Borrelli Natalia , Silva André Luiz Carvalho da , Sousa Leandro de Oliveira Furtado de , Ramos Yame Bronze Medina , Silvestre Carolina Pereira , Seixas Amanda Pacheco
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe Maricá restinga, located in the eastern part of the Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil), corresponds to one of the few remaining preserved areas of the state's coastal plain. This paper reports on a study of the Maricá restinga plant communities and also presents an identification of the main plant species present in each community, with the objective of establishing reference collections, by the methods of the proxies opal phytoliths and stable carbon isotopes, for paleoenvironmental reconstructions of this coastal area during the Quaternary. Six plant communities, distributed perpendicularly to the coast line over sandy barriers, lagoonal plain, lagoon margin and weathered basement were identified: halophile-psamophile, scrub, herbaceous swamp, slack, shrubby vegetation and dry forest. In general, the plant species analyzed in each community presented low productivity of opal phytoliths, as only the Poaceae, Cyperaceae and Arecaceae families produce a great amount and diversity of morphotypes of opal phytoliths. The results of the analysis of stable carbon isotopes in sediments indicated a predominance of C3 or a mixture of C3 and C4 plants, presenting a close correlation with the results found in plants collected in each community. In conclusion, it was verified that the carbon isotope analysis associated with that of the opal phytoliths are good proxies for the reconstruction of vegetation in the study area.
Catch variability and growth of pink shrimp (Farfantepenaeus paulensis) in two coastal lagoons of uruguay and their relationship with ENSO events
Authors: Santana Orlando , Silveira Santiago , Fabiano Graciela
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis (Pérez Farfante, 1967) is distributed along the Atlantic Coast from Bahia (Brazil) to Mar del Plata (Argentina). The larval stages enter the Uruguayan brackish water lagoons during late spring to summer associated with tidal currents of the Brazilian Current. In such environments the growth is accelerated and in early autumn the individuals attain commercial size, supporting important regional artisanal fisheries. The pink shrimp catches from 1988 to 2013 were analyzed and related to phenomena of climate variability in ENSO events and to the growth of the species. The total catch ranges from 0.7 to 162 tons. The variation in catches has a negative relationship with the varied climatic events caused by El Niño. Growth parameters yielding values of L ∞ = 177 mm (total carapace length) and K = 1.48 for the period 2009-2013. These values differ slightly from those calculated for natural populations in southern Brazil, suggesting that the population is the same and thus implying the need for coordinated fisheries management between the two countries.
Brazilian donkeys (Equus asinus) have a low exposure to Neospora spp.
Authors: Galvão Cynthia Maria Morais de Queiroz , Rezende-Gondim Mariana Marrega , Chaves Ana Carla Rodrigues , Schares Gereon , Ribas Jorge Raimundo Lins , Gondim Luís Fernando Pita
Published: September 2015

Donkeys (Equus asinus) are closely related to horses and are known to be infected by several equine pathogens. Neospora caninum and Neospora hughesi are protozoan parasites that infect horses, but they were not confirmed in donkeys up to this date. The aim of this study was to evaluate the exposure of donkeys (Equus asinus) to Neospora spp. using tachyzoites of N. caninum as antigen and employing two common serologic methods, IFAT and immunoblot. Sera from 500 donkeys were obtained from 30 municipalities in Bahia state and tested by IFAT. Two of 500 sera were positive for Neospora spp. by IFAT with antibody titers of 100, and recognized a 37kDa antigen in immunoblot. Approximately 22% of the samples showed strong apical reactions and/or incomplete fluorescence, what may cause confusion in the interpretation of IFAT. We concluded that Neospora spp. are possibly of minor importance for Brazilian donkeys. Future studies are necessary to prove that Neospora spp. can naturally infect donkeys.
A Qualitative Study of Children's Perspectives on Their Peer Relationships in the Context of Living with a Craniofacial Anomaly
Authors: Pope Alice W. , Klein Tovah P. , Bergman Andrea J.
Published: September 2015

Objective

To gain understanding of perspectives on peer relationships from children with congenital craniofacial anomalies (CFA).

Design

This was qualitative research based in a phenomenological approach, using narratives that captured children's responses to open-ended and objective questions about peer relations and life with a CFA. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were coded according to thematic categories.

Setting

Children were patients at a reconstructive plastic surgery center in an urban hospital and medical school and were recruited from a regional support organization for families of children with CFA that was associated with the hospital.

Patients, Participants

Nine children with congenital CFA aged 9 to 14 years. Main Outcome Measures: Thematic coding categories were developed from the narratives using an open coding strategy; these categories focused on aspects of children's interactions with peers and their appraisals of the role of their CFA in their lives.

Results

Children reported satisfaction with most aspects of their peer relationships and expressed confidence in their ability to manage challenges. They acknowledged some difficulties with living with a CFA but tended to hold a balanced perspective on the impact of a CFA on their lives, and they expressed optimism about their future lives.

Conclusions

This sample of children with CFA exhibited much resilience. Although they may not be representative of all children with CFA, they provide examples that can be used to generate hypotheses for future research.
Age and Phonetic Influences on Velar Flutter as a Component of Nasal Turbulence in Children with Repaired Cleft Palate
Authors: Zajac David J. , Preisser John
Published: September 2015

Objective

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of age and selected phonetic factors on velar flutter as a component of nasal turbulence in children with repaired cleft palate.

Participants

A total of 30 children with repaired cleft palate with or without cleft lip ranging in age from 4 to 13 years (mean, 8.6 years; standard deviation, 2.4 years) who exhibited nasal turbulence characterized by velar flutter participated in the study.

Measures

The headset of a nasometer was used to record the children producing multiple repetitions of consonant-vowel (CV) syllables that contrasted the stops /p/ and /t/ with the fricatives /f/ and /s/ and the high-front vowel /i/ with the low mid-central vowel /Λ/. All targeted consonants were coded relative to the presence of flutter using both perceptual and spectral criteria. Percentages of syllables coded for flutter were calculated as a function of consonant and vowel types. Intra-and interjudge reliability of coding was high.

Results

Percentages of syllables with velar flutter ranged from a high of 100% to a low of 4% among the participants. A Spearman rank-order correlation between age and percentage of syllables with flutter was nonsignificant. Mantel-Haenszel tests for repeated measures indicated that flutter occurred more often during production of syllables containing /i/ (62%) when compared with /Λ/ (50%) ( P = .029).

Conclusions

Velar flutter as a component of nasal turbulence varies widely among children with repaired cleft palate. CV syllables with high vowels appear to trigger velar flutter more often than syllables with low vowels.
Speech in 10-Year-Olds Born with Cleft Lip and Palate: What Do Peers Say?
Authors: Nyberg Jill , Havstam Christina
Published: September 2015

Objective

The aim of this study was to explore how 10-year-olds describe speech and communicative participation in children born with unilateral cleft lip and palate in their own words, whether they perceive signs of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) and articulation errors of different degrees, and if so, which terminology they use.

Methods/Participants

Nineteen 10-year-olds participated in three focus group interviews where they listened to 10 to 12 speech samples with different types of cleft speech characteristics assessed by speech and language pathologists (SLPs) and described what they heard. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed with qualitative content analysis.

Results

The analysis resulted in three interlinked categories encompassing different aspects of speech, personality, and social implications: descriptions of speech, thoughts on causes and consequences, and emotional reactions and associations. Each category contains four subcategories exemplified with quotes from the children's statements. More pronounced signs of VPI were perceived but referred to in terms relevant to 10-year-olds. Articulatory difficulties, even minor ones, were noted. Peers reflected on the risk to teasing and bullying and on how children with impaired speech might experience their situation. The SLPs and peers did not agree on minor signs of VPI, but they were unanimous in their analysis of clinically normal and more severely impaired speech.

Conclusions

Articulatory impairments may be more important to treat than minor signs of VPI based on what peers say.
Relative Lateral Movement in Surface Soil of Amicarbazone and Indaziflam Compared with Other Preemergence Herbicides for Turfgrass
Authors: Leon Ramon G. , Unruh J. Bryan , Brecke Barry J.
Published: September 2015

Amicarbazone and indaziflam are relatively new herbicides that provide effective control of important weed species in turfgrass. A concern for golf course superintendents and turfgrass managers is the lack of information about runoff risk of these two herbicides, which is a limitation to their proper and safe use. The objectives of this research were (1) to compare lateral movement in surface soil of amicarbazone and indaziflam to other commonly used PRE herbicides in turfgrass (i.e., dithiopyr, prodiamine, pronamide, simazine) and (2) to determine whether incorporating the herbicide with irrigation before a simulated storm event reduces lateral movement. Herbicides were applied at full label rates in two locations (Jay and Milton, FL) with 14% slope, and lateral movement was evaluated using perennial ryegrass and annual bluegrass as bioindicators. Incorporating PRE herbicides with irrigation a few hours before a major simulated storm event did not reduce lateral movement of any of the herbicides evaluated. All herbicides moved outside the treated area regardless of the presence of a simulated storm event. Herbicide lateral movement varied from 61 to 153 cm in Jay, and from 5 to 103 cm in Milton. The Milton location had higher sand content and lower organic matter content than Jay, which favored water infiltration. No herbicide effects were observed 210 cm downslope from the treated area. On the basis of our results, the ranking from highest to lowest lateral movement was pronamide > simazine ≥ indaziflam > amicarbazone ≥ dithiopyr > prodiamine. The difference in lateral movement was approximately 60 to 80 cm between pronamide and prodiamine depending on location and evaluation timing for the 14% slope at the study sites. The results of the present study provide guidance for golf course superintendents and turfgrass managers to determine buffer zones in sensitive areas.
Attitudes and Beliefs Toward Supportive and Palliative Care Referral Among Hematologic and Solid Tumor Oncology Specialists
Authors: Hui David , Park Minjeong , Liu Diane , Reddy Akhila , Dalal Shalini , Bruera Eduardo
Published: September 2015

Background.

Palliative care (PC) referrals are often delayed for patients with hematologic malignancies. We examined the differences in attitudes and beliefs toward PC referral between hematologic and solid tumor specialists and how their perception changed with use of the service name “supportive care” (SC).

Materials and Methods.

We randomly surveyed 120 hematologic and 120 solid tumor oncology specialists at our tertiary care cancer center to examine their attitudes and beliefs toward PC and SC referral.

Results.

Of the 240 specialists, 182 (76%) responded. Compared with solid tumor specialists, hematologic specialists were less likely to report that they would refer symptomatic patients with newly diagnosed cancer to PC (solid tumor, 43% vs. hematology, 21%; p = .002). A significantly greater proportion of specialists expressed that they would refer a patient with newly diagnosed cancer to SC than PC (solid tumor specialists: SC, 81% vs. PC, 43%; p < .001; hematology specialists: SC, 66% vs. PC, 21%; p < .001). The specialists perceived that PC was more likely than SC to be a barrier for referral (PC, 36% vs. SC, 3%; p < .001), to be synonymous with hospice (PC, 53% vs. SC, 6%; p < .001), to decrease hope (PC, 58% vs. SC, 8%; p < .001), and to be less appropriate for treatment of chemotherapy side effects (PC, 64% vs. SC, 19%; p < .001). On multivariate analysis, female clinicians (odds ratio [OR], 4.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-15.2; p = .02) and the perception that PC is a barrier for referral (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.2-7.6; p = .02) were associated with PC referral if the service name “SC” was used.

Conclusion.

Hematologic specialists were less likely to refer patients early in the disease trajectory and were conducive to referral with the service name SC instead of PC.

Implications for Practice:

The present survey of oncology specialists found that hematologic specialists were less likely than solid tumor specialists to report that they would refer symptomatic patients with newly diagnosed cancer to palliative care. However, both groups were significantly more willing to refer patients early in the disease trajectory if the service name “supportive care” were used instead of “palliative care.” These findings suggest that rebranding might help to overcome the stigma associated with palliative care and improve patient access to palliative care services.
Credit Scores and Committed Relationships
Authors: Dokko Jane , Li Geng , Hayes Jessica
Published: September 2015

This paper presents novel evidence on the role of credit scores in the dynamics of committed relationships. We document substantial positive assortative matching with respect to credit scores, even when controlling for other socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. As a result, individual-level differences in access to credit are largely preserved at the household level. Moreover, we find that the couples’ average level of and the match quality in credit scores, measured at the time of relationship formation, are highly predictive of subsequent separations. This result arises, in part, because initial credit scores and match quality predict subsequent credit usage and financial distress, which in turn are correlated with relationship dissolution. Credit scores and match quality appear predictive of subsequent separations even beyond these credit channels, suggesting that credit scores reveal an individual’s relationship skill and level of commitment. We present ancillary evidence supporting the interpretation of this skill as trustworthiness.
Video Game Self-efficacy and its Effect on Training Performance
Authors: Ortiz Skilan A. , Bowers Clint A. , Cannon-Bowers Janis A.
Published: September 2015

This study examined the effects of using serious games for training on task performance and declarative knowledge outcomes. The purpose was to determine if serious games are more effective training tools than traditional methods. Self-efficacy, expectations for training, and engagement were considered as moderators of the relationship between type of training and task performance as well as type of training and declarative knowledge. Results of the study offered support for the potential of serious games to be more effective than traditional methods of training when it comes to task performance.
Características agronômicas e produtividade de milho e milheto para silagem adubados com biofertilizante suíno sob irrigação
Authors: Moreira Elwira Daphinn Silva , Fernandes Luiz Arnaldo , Colen Fernando , Cruz Leandro Roberto
Published: September 2015

A utilização de biofertilizante na agricultura é uma alternativa promissora aos fertilizantes minerais e de destino de dejetos. Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar características morfológicas, produção de biomassa e teores de nutrientes foliares do milho e do milheto irrigados e adubados com biofertilizante suíno. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos, com milho e com milheto no período de junho a setembro de 2011 em um latossolo vermelho amarelo, em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições, a saber: doses de biofertilizante suíno para fornecer 0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 kg/ha de P2 O5 , e um tratamento adicional com adubo mineral NPK 4-14-8. Cada uma das doses de fósforo fornecida pelo biofertilizante suíno foi comparada, pelo teste de Dunett, ao tratamento adicional com adubo mineral, e a significância foi declarada quando P<0,05. Para as doses de fósforo fornecidas via biofertilizante suíno foram ajustadas equações de regressão. As plantas de milho e milheto responderam de forma linear, quanto à produção de biomassa, com o aumento das doses de biofertilizante suíno. Na dose de biofertilizante suíno que proporcionou a aplicação de 150 kg/ha de P2 O5 , a produção de biomassa para silagem e os teores foliares de nutrientes, tanto do milho quanto do milheto, foram semelhantes aos obtidos com a adubação mineral.
Japón en la geopolítica del siglo XXI
Authors: García Pío
Published: September 2015

En 1853, Japón fue forzado a salir de su aislamiento feudal y a entroncarse en la red comercial mundial. Su apertura no significó sumisión a los poderes externos, sino la inmersión en la pugna imperialista, de la que saldría derrotado en 1945. Empero, su postración fue pasajera, dado que la nueva contienda de posguerra lo convirtió en aliado incondicional de la misma potencia que con dos bombas atómicas acababa de cercenarle las ambiciones militaristas. El acuerdo estratégico con Estados Unidos se sostuvo incólume aun después de terminada la Guerra Fría. Más aún, la pugna verbal y el despliegue de fuerza en el archipiélago Senkaku/ Diaoyutai, en 2012, facilitó el retorno al poder del ala política más afín al dictado de Washington y a su plan de seguridad en el Pacífico. Hoy en día, el enfrentamiento en el noreste asiático presenta al bloque estadounidensenipo- coreano, por un lado, y al sino-rusonorcoreano, por otro, en una bifurcación que debe ser vista como un nuevo esquema bipolar que garantizará por un tiempo el equilibrio estratégico regional. Es de esperar, sin embargo, progresivas alteraciones en la correlación de fuerzas tanto en esa sección asiática como en el resto del mundo, debido al creciente poder económico, político y militar chino, con impacto sobre los acuerdos geopolíticos vigentes, incluido el nipo-estadounidense.
Drought tolerance as a driver of tropical forest assembly: resolving spatial signatures for multiple processes
Authors: Bartlett M. K. , Zhang Y. , Yang J. , Kreidler N. , Sun S.‐W. , Lin L. , Hu Y.‐H. , Cao K.‐F. , Sack L.
Published: September 2015

Spatial patterns in trait variation reflect underlying community assembly processes, allowing us to test hypotheses about their trait and environmental drivers by identifying the strongest correlates of characteristic spatial patterns. For 43 evergreen tree species (>1 cm dbh) in a 20‐ha seasonal tropical rainforest plot in Xishuangbanna, China, we compared the ability of drought‐tolerance traits, other physiological traits, and commonly measured functional traits to predict the spatial patterns expected from the assembly processes of habitat associations, niche‐overlap‐based competition, and hierarchical competition. We distinguished the neighborhood‐scale (0–20 m) patterns expected from competition from larger‐scale habitat associations with a wavelet method. Species’ drought tolerance and habitat variables related to soil water supply were strong drivers of habitat associations, and drought tolerance showed a significant spatial signal for influencing competition. Overall, the traits most strongly associated with habitat, as quantified using multivariate models, were leaf density, leaf turgor loss point (πtlp; also known as the leaf wilting point), and stem hydraulic conductivity (r2 range for the best fit models = 0.27–0.36). At neighborhood scales, species spatial associations were positively correlated with similarity in πtlp, consistent with predictions for hierarchical competition. Although the correlation between πtlp and interspecific spatial associations was weak (r2 < 0.01), this showed a persistent influence of drought tolerance on neighborhood interactions and community assembly. Quantifying the full impact of traits on competitive interactions in forests may require incorporating plasticity among individuals within species, especially among specific life stages, and moving beyond individual traits to integrate the impact of multiple traits on whole‐plant performance and resource demand.
Observations of stem water storage in trees of opposing hydraulic strategies
Authors: Matheny Ashley M. , Bohrer Gil , Garrity Steven R. , Morin Timothy H. , Howard Cecil J. , Vogel Christoph S.
Published: September 2015

Hydraulic capacitance and water storage form a critical buffer against cavitation and loss of conductivity within the xylem system. Withdrawal from water storage in leaves, branches, stems, and roots significantly impacts sap flow, stomatal conductance, and transpiration. Storage quantities differ based on soil water availability, tree size, wood anatomy and density, drought tolerance, and hydraulic strategy (anisohydric or isohydric). However, the majority of studies focus on the measurement of storage in conifers or tropical tree species. We demonstrate a novel methodology using frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) to make continuous, direct measurements of wood water content in two hardwood species in a forest in Michigan. We present results of a two month study comparing the water storage dynamics between a mature red oak and red maple, two species with differing wood densities, hydraulic architecture, and hydraulic strategy. We also include results pertaining to the use of different probe lengths to sample water content only within the active sapwood and over the entire conductive sapwood and the outer portion of heartwood in red oak. Both species studied exhibited diurnal cycles of storage that aligned well with the dynamics of sap flux. Red maple, a diffuse porous, relatively isohydric species showed a strong dependence on stored water during both wet and dry periods. Red oak, a ring porous relatively anisohydric species, was less reliant on storage, and did not demonstrate a dependence on soil water potential. Comparison between long and short FDR probes in the oak revealed that oaks may utilize water stored in the innermost layers of the xylem when soil moisture conditions are limiting. We found the FDR probes to be a reliable, functional means for continuous automated measurement of wood water content in hardwoods at a fast time scale. Application of FDR technology for the measurement of tree water storage will benefit forest ecologists as well as the modeling community as we improve our understanding and simulations of plant hydrodynamic processes on a large scale.
Social Epidemiology of HIV/TB Co-infection: A Triad with Poverty
Authors: Adhikari Lal Mani
Published: September 2015

The dual epidemics of Tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection are of growing concern in Asia including countries like Nepal. Tuberculosis incidence rates correlate positively with poverty rates and with HIV incidence rates. TB is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with HIV infections. TB and HIV are commonly known as the diseases of poverty and their co-infection are known to be the deadliest mixture. Social epidemiology of TB and HIV infection reveals that there are more commonalities of risk factors which are associated with poor individual as well as communal socioeconomic status. Poverty is not only a major factor for complexity but also there are more issues associated with social inequality and inaccessibility to health care services. The double burden of TB and HIV pose a serious threat to the people’s health that needs urgent address from health policy makers and health organizations to avert the economic loss in the future. This concept paper concludes that the TB/HIV co-infection is highly linked to an individual’s socio economic status, sociopsychosocial and ecosocial paradigms of disease manifestation and their impact.Journal of Advanced Academic Research Vol.1(1) 2014: 53-57
Enterprise Integration with Biogas for Quality of Life: A Case of Nepal
Authors: Yadav Maheshwar Prasad
Published: September 2015

This paper aims at examining the integration of enterprise with biogas that contributes for quality of life in Nepal. The results have been estimated by using the data of FY 1992/93 to 2010/11. The number of biogas plants, cultural development, health and sanitation, reduction of greenhouse gas emission, forest conservation, and production of compost fertilizer has been comprised as variables for this study. Among others, Leslie Alvin White's model has been employed in this study. White introduced a formula, P = ET; Where, E is a measure of energy consumed per capita per year, T is the measure of efficiency in utilizing energy harnessed, and P represents the degree of cultural development in terms of product produced. The study establishes a significant role of enterprise integration with biogas for quality of life. It improves health and sanitation through providing clean energy and smokeless kitchen that directly associated with children and women's health and environment. The results shows improvement in people’s livelihood through starting agro & forest based micro enterprises by utilizing saved time due to biogas installation. Likewise, the study reveals that 415,314 tons of compost fertilizer can be produced annually that can promote agro-based enterprises. Moreover, 2.4 tons of reduction in greenhouse gas emission annually per household can be achieved by new Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) methodology. Last but not least, 296,653 trees can be protected per year that enhance greenery and protect environment. As a whole, all these factors contribute for enterprise integration in one way or another that play a vital role for the quality of life.Journal of Advanced Academic Research Vol.1(1) 2014: 68-75
Conflict of Local People and Larger Mammals - A Case of Chitwan National Park in Central Nepal
Authors: Timsina Tatwa P
Published: September 2015

Background: Chitwan National Park which covers 932 km2 lies in the lowlands or inner terai of southern central Nepal. It has 503 rhinoceros, 120 tigers and 40-50 elephants. Wildlife such as leopard, wild dog, sloth bear, gaur, sambar, chital, hog deer, barking deer, wild pig etc. are also found in this park. The park is facing enormous enroachment from the local people.Objective: The objective of this study is to study the causes of conflicts and find out the ways for park-people management. This study has been designed to reveal the intricate relationship among the large mammals and local people and the resultant conflict.Methodology: The study has applied cross-sectional design and included 100 people. Both the quantitative and qualitative approaches have been used to collect data. Research instruments namely interview, questionnaire and observation were applied for this study.Results: Larger mammals and local people have both positive and negative interactions. Negative interaction or conflict takes place due to the competition between the park and people that are concerned at crop damage, livestock loss and injury to rhino, deer, boar, tiger etc. Regarding the types of crops damaged by the wildlife, mustard, potato, maize, paddy and wheat top the list.Conclusion: In Chitwan National Park, the relation between larger mammals and local people is positive such as promoting tourism and maintaining greenery and negative in some cases such as injury and damage by larger mammals, restrictions on the use of park resources for local people etc. The park-people relationship can be managed by introducing a number of measures which respect the lives of both the local people and wildlife in the park. Both the park authorities and local people should work in coordination so that the benefit from the immeasurable gift of nature could be exploited.Journal of Advanced Academic Research Vol.1(1) 2014: 99-106
Les valeurs ont-elles une place dans le management des services publics ?
Authors: Tsanga Tabi Marie , Verdon Dominique
Published: September 2015

Dans un contexte de regain d’intérêt pour la gestion publique de l’eau en France, la question des valeurs dans le management public occupe à nouveau le devant de la scène. Notre article qui s’appuie sur les résultats d’une enquête issus d’une recherche-action, montre en quoi le recours au concept de valeurs publiques apporte des réponses neuves et originales qui restituent le sens perdu de l’action et remettent en question le critère technico-économique dominant de légitimation de la performance des grands systèmes techniques.
Le manager hybride, acteur-passeur et acteur-clôture aux frontières institutionnelles
Authors: Grenier Corinne , Bernardini-Perinciolo Johan
Published: September 2015

L’hybridation interroge les modes de conciliation entre une logique institutionnelle préexistante et une nouvelle. Les auteurs analysent l’habileté d’un manager hybride à soutenir ses équipes dans un contexte organisationnel pluri-institutionnel contesté. Étudiant un pôle hospitalier, ils montrent, à l’encontre des travaux de littérature, que le médecin-gestionnaire à sa tête est parvenu à faire accepter la logique médico-économique comme une stratégie de défense contre la seule logique économique. Pour ce faire, ils discutent trois habiletés déployées par ce manager : 1) être à la fois novice, familier et identifié pour soutenir l’hybridation institutionnelle, 2) être acteur-passeur et acteur-clôture, 3) être acteur porteur d’une légitimité médico-économique permise par un leadership partagé et hybridé.
Le transport durable dans la grande distribution
Authors: Kessous Aurélie , Boncori Anne-Laure , Paché Gilles
Published: September 2015

L’objet de l’article est de mieux appréhender les perceptions que se font les consommateurs de l’adoption du transport durable par la grande distribution française. Sur la base de vingt entretiens semi-directifs et d’un carré sémiotique croyance/scepticisme, il met en évidence une classification implicite de quatre représentations individuelles (croyance, scepticisme, utopie et leurre). Il propose, en outre, quatre profils de consommateurs (les convaincus, les sceptiques, les utopistes et les trompés), associés à ces perceptions. Il discute, enfin, les stratégies que les enseignes de la distribution alimentaire peuvent élaborer pour faire face à ces représentations, en insistant sur l’importance d’une communication ciblée, et non indifférenciée, sur des pratiques de transport durable en fonction des profils identifiés.
L’évolution des logiques coopérative et de marché dans les coopératives agricoles françaises
Authors: Deroy Xavier , Thénot Maryline
Published: September 2015

La croissance des coopératives aboutit à la coexistence de deux logiques institutionnelles. Fondée sur une culture, des pratiques et des règles distinctes, la logique de marché vient côtoyer la logique coopérative originelle, posant la question de leur compatibilité dans le temps. Dans cet article, les auteurs examinent la manière dont évolue la relation entre logique coopérative et de marché au sein d’une coopérative agricole fortement intégrée vers l’aval et en phase d’internationalisation accélérée. Le résultat principal de cette étude exploratoire, illustrée par le cas de Champagne Céréales, suggère un équilibre instable privilégiant dynamiquement la logique de marché au détriment de la logique coopérative.
Les phénomènes gestionnaires à l’épreuve de la pensée économique standard
Authors: Aggeri Franck
Published: September 2015

Dans cet article, l’auteur discute en détail cinq articles de Jean Tirole, prix Nobel d’économie, qui traitent de phénomènes gestionnaires. Il met en évidence les modes de construction de ces articles, évalue la pertinence de leurs résultats de recherche et étudie la réception de ces travaux de recherche auprès des décideurs publics et privés. Il met en perspective ces articles par rapport à une sélection de travaux gestionnaires qui proposent des analyses différentes de ces phénomènes. Il discute enfin les limites de l’approche dite des « faits stylisés » mobilisée par les économistes modélisateurs.
Essays on school bullying
Authors: Horton Paul , Forsberg Camilla
Published: September 2015

Not Available.
East–West GEO Satellite Station-Keeping with Degraded Thruster Response
Authors: Borissov Stoian , Wu Yunhe , Mortari Daniele
Published: September 2015

The higher harmonic terms of Earth’s gravitational potential slowly modify the nominal longitude of geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) satellites, while the third-body presence (Moon and Sun) mainly affects their latitude. For this reason, GEO satellites periodically need to perform station-keeping maneuvers, namely, east–west and north–south maneuvers to compensate for longitudinal and latitudinal variations, respectively. During the operational lifetime of GEO satellites, the thrusters’ response when commanded to perform these maneuvers slowly departs from the original nominal impulsive behavior. This paper addresses the practical problem of how to perform reliable east–west station-keeping maneuvers when thruster response is degraded. The need for contingency intervention from ground-based satellite operators is reduced by breaking apart the scheduled automatic station-keeping maneuvers into smaller maneuvers. Orbital alignment and attitude are tracked on-board during and in between sub-maneuvers, and any off nominal variations are corrected for with subsequent maneuvers. These corrections are particularly important near the end of the lifetime of GEO satellites, where thruster response is farthest from nominal performance.
Signal Grass (Brachiaria decumbens) Toxicity in Grazing Ruminants
Authors: Low Susan
Published: September 2015

Signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens) is a highly productive tropical grass that is widespread through South America, Australia, Indonesia, Vanuatu and Malaysia due to its adaptation to a wide range of soil types and environments. Animal production from these B. decumbens pastures is highly variable due to sporadic outbreaks of photosensitisation associated with low growth rates of young animals, anorexia and wasting. The identification of B. decumbens toxicity through clinical signs may grossly underestimate the impact and severity of the disease. Affected animals without clinical signs have elevated serum liver enzyme concentrations resulting from blockage of the bile ducts by birefringent crystals, identified as calcium salts of steroidal saponins found in leaves and stems. The concentrations of the steroidal saponins vary through the year and within the plant. Young, green leaves contain 5–10 times the saponin concentration of mature leaves indicating that B. decumbens pastures are likely to be more toxic during sprouting and early growth. Previous exposure, selective grazing, and avoiding toxic leaves may partly explain apparent resistance of some animals to B. decumbens toxicity. Further research is needed to define growing conditions that produce elevated saponin levels and to investigate the impact of B. decumbens on rumen function.