bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction Modelling of Surface Roughness for Laser Beam Cutting on Acrylic Sheets
Authors: Noor M.M. , Kadirgama Kumaran , Rahman M.M. , Zuki N.M. N.M. , Mat Rejab Mohd Ruzaimi , Muhamad Khairul F. , Julie Juliewatty Mohamed
Published: December 2009

This paper develops the predicting model on surface roughness of laser beam cutting (LBC) for acrylic sheets. Box-Behnken design based on Response surface method was used to predict the effect of laser cutting parameters including the power requirement, cutting speed and tip distance on surface roughness during the machining. Response surface method (RSM) was used to minimize the number of experiments. It can be seen that from the experimental results, the effects of the laser cutting parameters with the surface roughness were investigated. It was found that the surface roughness is significantly affected by the tip distance followed by the power requirement and cutting speed. Some defects were found in microstructure such as burning, melting and wavy surface. This simulation gain more understanding of the surface roughness distribution in laser cutting. The developed model is suitable to be used in the range of (power 90 to 95, cutting speed 700 to 1100 and tip distance 3 to 9) to predict surface roughness.
Gradation Process by Imbibition in WC-Co for Mining Tools Application
Authors: Lefort-Sorlier Elodie , Colin Christophe , Dourfaye Alfazazi
Published: December 2009

Continuous composition gradients of several millimetres were generated in commercial WC-Co cutters to improve their shock resistance. This important gradation was obtained in one-step by using the imbibition process. The effects of this thermal processing were analysed in terms of microhardness, cobalt concentration and WC grain size. A gradient of a 300 HV amplitude is measured in the 8 mm-height sample treated by the imbibition process in association with a boron-rich coating. This gradient was preserved after the HPHT (high pressure – high temperature) step used for the diamond table deposition on the WC-Co cutter. To our knowledge, such gradients have never before been reported and should certainly increase cutter service life.
Numerical Material Flow Optimization of a Multi-Hole Extrusion Process
Authors: Kloppenborg Thomas , Brosius Alexander , Tekkaya A. Erman
Published: December 2009

The decrease of the bearing length in the aluminum extrusion processes results in an increase of the material flow and offers, through this, the possibility for correction and optimization. This study presents a simulation-based optimization technique which uses this effect for optimizing the material flow in a direct multi-hole extrusion process. First the extrusion process was numerically calculated to simulate the production of three rectangular profiles with equal cross sections. Here, the die orifices were arranged at various distances to the die centre, which lead to different profile exit speeds. Based on the initial numerical calculation, an automated optimization of the bearing length with the adaptive-response-surface-method was set up to achieve uniform exit speeds for all profiles. Finally, an experimental verification carried out to show the influence of the optimized die design.
Characterization of Colmonoy 227-F Samples Obtained by Direct Laser Metal Deposition
Authors: Angelastro Andrea , Campanelli Sabina L. , Ludovico Antonio D.
Published: December 2009

Direct Laser Metal Deposition (DLMD) is an emerging technique in the group of
Material Accretion Manufacturing (MAM) processes because of the possibility to fabricate and to
repair a wide range of metal components with a complex geometry, starting from metal powders.
DLMD is a technology which combines computer aided design, laser cladding and rapid
prototyping. Fully dense metallic parts can be directly obtained through melting coaxially fed
powders with a laser. The success of this technology in the die and tool industry depends on the
parts quality to be achieved. An accurate control of the parameters such as laser power, spot
diameter, scanning speed and powder mass flow rate is fundamental to obtain the required
geometric dimensions and material properties. In this work, the performance of the DLMD process
was examined in terms of hardness, porosity, microstructure, and composition. A fitting equipment
was built and used for the experiments together with a CO2 laser machine with a maximum power
of 3 kW. The material used for experimental tests was Colmonoy 227-F, a Nickel alloy specially
designed for glass container mould protection and restoration.
On the Modeling of Laser as a Moving Distributed Volumetric Heat Source for Laser Cutting Simulation
Authors: Arif Abul Fazal M.
Published: December 2009

Laser processing of sheet metals (such as cutting or welding) involves heating of the substrate material by laser beam with temperature in the substrate materials reaching the melting temperature. Therefore, such laser processes consist of heating, melting and solidification of the substrate metal. An important topic in laser processing simulation is the modeling of the heat source (distribution of heat input). The interaction of laser beam with a molten metal pool is a complex physical phenomenon that still cannot be modeled rigorously. Laser beam as a heat source causes highly non-linear temperature distribution across the cut or weld and various heat source modeling approaches have been reported in the literature. In general, the distribution of heat input can be classified as superficial and volumetric. In this paper, a moving volumetric heat source model is presented. Using the proposed heat source model, laser cutting process is simulated and residual stresses generated in the cutting region are predicted.
Capacity Analysis for Fixed-Time Signalized Intersection for Non-Lane Based Traffic Condition
Authors: Hadiuzzaman M. , Mizanur Rahman M.
Published: December 2009

Capacity analysis of signalized intersections basically consists of estimating saturation flow and delay. Pre-timed signals are most commonly used in developing countries. This research deals with development of saturation flow and delay models for pre-timed signalized intersections with reference to non-lane based traffic condition prevailing in Bangladesh. In order to account non-uniformity in the static and dynamic characteristics of the vehicles passenger car unit (PCU) values for each vehicle is found out using synchronous regression technique and a range of site-specific PCU values were obtained. From this study, it has been observed that unified PCU concept does not hold good for non-lane based traffic condition and it has been recommended that the analysis should be site specific for non-lane based traffic condition. The saturation flow for each study approach was calculated using the average PCU values and multiple linear regression techniques were then used to derive predictive saturation flow models. Field delay for each approach is calculated based on HCM 2000 guidelines. It has been observed that HCM 2000 delay model consistently over estimate delay at degree of saturation more than 1.0. It has been suggested from the analysis that theoretical incremental delay (due to random arrival and over saturated queues) in HCM 2000 delay model be reduced by 70 % to better reflect field conditions in capacity analysis for non lane based traffic condition.
Design of Bone Scaffolds Structures for Rapid Prototyping with Increased Strength and Osteoconductivity
Authors: Lipowiecki Marcin , Brabazon Dermot
Published: December 2009

The geometry of bone scaffolds plays a crucial role in bone tissue regeneration. This architecture, especially pore size and shape, determines the mechanical strength of the scaffold. A number of previous workers have indicated the parameters which are believed to be the main stimulus in the adaptive bone remodelling process. An ideal bone manufacturing system would deliver bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) and provide adequate mechanical properties. The aim of this study was to design a highly osteoconductive and mechanically strong bone regeneration scaffold which can be successfully manufactured. Three porous architectures of scaffold were designed using Solid EdgeTM 3D solid modelling software. The equivalent trabecular structure model consisted of repeatable unit cells arranged in layers to fill the chosen scaffold volume. The three different unit cell structures examined include cubic, triangular, and hexagonal polyhedral. Designed scaffold’s pores were varied in this study to 120, 340 and 600µm. This range was selected to meet one of the requirements of the scaffold design – the macropores must be at least 100µm in diameter, so the cells can penetrate and proliferate within the structure. The strengths of each scaffold were determined using ANSYSTM finite element software. Trabecular scaffold designs were analysed independently and in connection with simulated cortical bone in order to investigate their stress-strain response. As well as providing useful information on strengths developed from these topologies, the models developed indicated geometric constraints in order to tailor scaffolds to specific patient needs.
Rheological Investigation of Water Atomized Metal Injection Molding (MIM) Feedstock for Processibility Prediction
Authors: Jamaludin Khairur Rijal , Muhamad Norhamidi , Rahman Mohd Nizam Ab. , Murtadhahadi Murtadhahadi , Ahmad Sufizar , Ibrahim Mohd Halim Irwan , Nor Nor Hafiez Mohamad
Published: December 2009

This paper presents the rheological properties of SS316L water atomized MIM feedstock. Coarse and fine SS316L water atomized powder is mixed with a composite binder consisting of PMMA and PEG to form a homogenous paste, termed as feedstock. The feedstock is loaded with SS316L water atomized powder ranging 62 v/o, 62.5 v/o, 63 v/o, 63.5 v/o and 64 v/o. However, due to the morphology of the water atomized powder which is not spherical compared to the gas atomized ones, fine powder feedstock is unable to produce any significant rheological result due to the powder loading being more than 63.5 v/o. Results show that the fine powder feedstock demonstrates a higher viscosity if compared to the coarse powder feedstock. It can be established that binder separations are likely to occur in the coarse powder feedstock, especially, at high temperatures. The investigation concludes that the fine powder feedstock has its best rheological properties at 62 v/o while the coarse powder feedstock lies between 63 v/o and 63.5 v/o.
Experimental Study on the Heat Transfer in the Al Powder
Authors: Ho Ching Yen , Tsai Yu Hsiang , Wen Mao Yu
Published: December 2009

Nanometer-sized particles possess characteristic physical and chemical properties
different from those of bulk materials due to an increase in surface-to-volume ratios as well as of
confinement of electrons, excitons, and photons into small volumes. Therefore it is worthwhile to
discuss the thermal behaviours of powders constituted by nanometer-sized particles. The heat transfer
in the powder composed of nanoparticles is experimentally investigated in this paper. The
understanding for thermal properties of the powder is advantageous to the advancement of the
processing technologies such as laser cladding, laser sintering, powder metallurgy and its other
applications. The powder is wrapped up in the slender tube made of insulating material. One end of
the slender tube filled with powder is maintained at temperature 0°C and the other end is kept at room
temperature. The temperature histories at two different locations in the slender tube are recorded
using thermal couples. The results show that the thermal diffusivity in the powder composed of
nanoparticles is larger than that in bulk material. The pressure on the Al powders enhances the rate of
heat transport due to the increase of contact area for thermal conduction.
Coating Performance in High Speed Micro Machining of H13 Tool Steel
Authors: Baharudin B.T. Hang Tuah , Sulaiman Shamsuddin , Arifin Mohd Khairol A. , Faieza A.A. , Sapuan S.M.
Published: December 2009

The development and application of Titanium Aluminium Nitrate (TiAlN) coatings for cutting tools has led to dramatic tool life extension and the realisation of high speed machining for hardened materials. This results in longer tool life and makes it possible to employ higher cutting speeds and feed rates. In this study, a series of different TiAlN based coatings on micro grains solid carbides were tested on H13 Tool Steel. These advanced coatings are commercially available by coating manufacturer which are trade marks of Balzers UK. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the performance of micro tools coated with these coatings and compare with uncoated tools. The results will be used to determine whether coatings for micro tools will have any impact on the performance of the tools such as reducing cutting forces or improving machining quality. This will be achieved by means of analysing the cutting force data and 3-D surface roughness respectively. Result obtained shows that different coating had different performance, hence can be applied to specifically targeted machining operation. The results also highlight some of the differences in wear mechanism of micro tools.
Analysis on the Hydroplaning of Aircraft Tire
Authors: Wang You Shan , Wu Jian , Su Ben Long
Published: December 2009

Aircraft tire is an important subassembly of aircraft, which is related to its safety tightly, especially for civil aircraft. Moreover, hydroplaning of aircraft tires is often a contributing factor in take-off and landing overrun and veeroff accidents. Therefore the study on them is imperative. For studying the hydroplaning of aircraft tire, a 2D finite element model of aircraft tire is developed by using TYABAS software, and then a 3D patterned tire model is presented. The hydroplaning of aircraft tire is analyzed by generally coupling an Eulerian finite volume method and an explicit Lagrangian finite element method. The hydroplaning speeds are investigated, which is a key factor of hydroplaning. Results indicated that the hydroplaning speed increases with the increment of inflation pressure; the hydroplaning speed decreases with the increment of the footprint aspect ratio.
Heat Transfer during Rotational Molding of a Single Axis Device
Authors: He Yue Long , Ding Yu Mei
Published: December 2009

It summarized the basic principle and characteristics of the rotational molding technology. Based on the experiment of the single axis device the processing of rotational molding was studied and predigested. Especially the heat transfer during rotational molding was analysed and a detailed mathematic model was presented. The heating time of mold and the heating time of resin material was resolved. We also brought forward the solution of analysing the function of time, radius and distribution about melting process.
Quantum Chemistry Theoretical Studies on Molecular Structures of Polybutadiene
Authors: Zhang Ming , Huang Zhi Xiong , Shi Min Xian
Published: December 2009

The Density Function Theory (DFT) method are employed to study the geometries of the polybutadiene （C4H6）n（n=3，4，5）on the base of B3LYP/6-311+G in the paper. the polybutadiene have five isomers, including Cis-1，4-polybutadiene, Trans-1, 4-polybutadiene, Isotactic1, 2-polybutadiene, Syndiotactic1，2-polybutadiene, Atactic1, 2-polybutadiene. The molecular structures of each isomer were evaluated on the basis of single point energy with zero point vibration correction. The results show that the energies of polybutadiene varied with increase of molecular weight.
Study on Oil Resistance Properties of Flexible PVC/PNBR Blends
Authors: An Ying , Yang Wei Min , Ding Yu Mei , Liu Yong , Tan Jing
Published: December 2009

The effects of a combination of polymeric plasticizers and bis(2-etylhexyl) phthalate (DOP) and DOP on mechanical and oil resistance properties of flexible PVC/PNBR blends were investigated. The result showed that the oil resistance of PVC/PNBR blends could be improved obviously by polymeric plasticizer.
Pressure Function Method in Tyre Structure Design
Authors: Wang Jiang Zhong , Chang De Gong , Xin Z.X. , Li Li
Published: December 2009

The pressure function method being different from traditional (experienced) design method. Natural balance outline design method is a tyre structure design method. Based on mathematics and mechanics reasonings, the structure and shape of the tyre were controlled by pressure function and then the structure design was further achieved. The mathematic-physical equations of the pressure function method were established. According to numerical calculation, the reasonable structure of tyre and the prediction of tyre-inflated shape could be accomplished. The pressure function method can reduce the cost and improve the design efficiency.
Effect of Activated Zinc Oxide on the Property of Sole Rubber
Authors: Shan Ti Kun , Zhuang Tao , Zhou Li Ling
Published: December 2009

The application of activated zinc oxide compared with ordinary zinc oxide in sole rubber was investigated. The experiment showed that activated zinc oxide could improve the microstructure and cross-linking degree of cross-linked rubber, the tensile strength at 100% elongation and at 300% elongation. The ageing resistance increased by 12%. With the amount of activated zinc oxide increased, the modulus at 100% elongation, the modulus at 300% elongation and shore hardness assumed increased, but the elongation at break, tear strength, the ageing resistance presented dropped.
Optimum Design of Spindle Used in Tire Building Machine
Authors: Chang De Gong , Wang Xiao Fan
Published: December 2009

Based on the working principle and working process of the tire building machine, the spindle model of the tire building machine was established by analyzing the load of the spindle. Utilizing COSMOS to do the FEM analysis, the structural optimization was carried out. The deflection of the spindle determining the precision of the tire should be minimized. Meanwhile, in order to reduce the cost of the spindle, the volume of the spindle should be minimized. In this paper, the weighted coefficient method was applied to solving this multi-objective optimization problem. As no ready-made formula was found for the deflection of the spindle, the following method was adopted. Firstly, the calculation in COSMOS with different values was conducted, and then the curve fitting was finished in MATLAB to get the formula between defection and diameter of bore, and finally the optimization of the volume and defection was achieved.
3D Finite Element Simulation of Transient Temperature Field for Rapid Electrical Heating Cycle Injection Mold
Authors: Li Xi Ping , Zhao Guo Qun , Guan Yan Jin
Published: December 2009

Rapid electrical heating cycle injection molding technology can be used to produce polymer parts with no weld mark, flow mark and other surface defects on the parts surface. Recently, it has been gradually found wide use in plastic injection industry. In this paper, a structure of the rapid electrical heating cycle injection mold and its working processes were presented. As the production efficiency and the part’s quality are seriously affected by the temperature of the mold cavity surface and its distribution uniformity, the heat transfer process of the mold was analyzed by using 3D finite element simulation. The transient temperature values on different places of the cavity surface were obtained. The results provided theoretical guidelines for the engineers to evaluate the layout of the heating rods in the mold.
A New Type Device of Thread Locking Connection of Pillar Flat Vulcanizing Machine
Authors: Meng Zhao Ming , Zhang Ying , Qiao Ya Bo
Published: December 2009

In connection with the phenomenon that the quality of products is affected seriously， because the connecting nut on the pillar of pillar flat vulcanizing machine is easy to loose， where no reliable connection， and the problem that lines between the flat are not parallel is often caused。In this paper, a kind of threaded connection to achieve reliable locking anywhere and benign dismountability is presented. The connection bases on ratchet wheel movement principle. The ratchet-shaped trench is designed on the contact surface of nut and gasket. The trench is circular uniform distribution and its axial section is triangular cone. This combination ensures that the fastening can be connected for the relative movement when the thread is rotated directly and for the self-locking when the thread is rotated reversely. The dismountability can be achieved by tilting the side wing of ratchet-gasket to remove the circumferential fix.
On-Line PVT Properties of Amorphous Polymers
Authors: Wang Jian , Xie Peng Cheng , Ding Yu Mei , Yang Wei Min
Published: December 2009

Pressure-Volume-Temperature (P-V-T) properties of two amorphous polymers (ABS and PS) were measured by an on-line testing measurement in the temperature ranges from 20 to 150 °C and pressures from 20 to 120 MPa. The on-line testing measurement is based on an injection molding machine (IMM), and it can be used to get P-V-T data of polymers directly with a special testing mold under normal processing conditions. The experimental P-V-T results of amorphous polymers under industrial processing conditions were presented. A new modified two-domain Spencer-Gilmore equation of state (EOS) was developed. The P-V-T properties were correlated by the modified Spencer-Gilmore EOS and a modified two-domain Tait EOS, showing a good agreement with measurements. The effects of sample forms were investigated. A sample with large length diameter ratio is the best one to be measured.
Study on the End-Point Control of Holding Phase during Injection Molding
Authors: Wang Jian , Xie Peng Cheng , Ding Yu Mei , Yang Wei Min
Published: December 2009

While the transfer from filling to packing is particularly crucial during injection molding, the transfers from packing to holding and holding to screw recovery also significantly affect part quality. In this study, the control of the transfer from holding to screw recovery, that is the control of the end-point of the holding phase, was examined. The holding end-point control by time, cavity pressure and cavity temperature were presented. The purpose of this study was to validate the feasibility of the control methods of holding end-point by cavity pressure and cavity temperature. The qualities of injection-molded parts, weight, will serve as measures to probe their process capabilities. Recently found to be a good indicator of product quality, both cavity pressure and temperature profiles are applied here to obtain more precise control. Change of mold temperature was specially considered. After the experimental verification is conducted, the results reveal that the innovative holding end-point control by cavity temperature yields a more uniform product weight with mold temperature. It proved that the holding end-point control by cavity temperature can be used to obtain the optimum holding time and accommodate the product weight to the change of mold temperature, which is the other holding control methods cannot obtain.
Properties of HDPE/UHMWPE Blown Films
Authors: Zuo Jian Dong , Liu Shu Mei , Zhao Jian Qing
Published: December 2009

HDPE and UHMWPE were blended in the twin screws extruder with two kinds of screws scheme and the HDPE/UHMWPE films were prepared in the blown film extruder. The mechanical properties, rheological property and crystallization behavior of the blends were discussed. The results showed that UHMWPE could improve the mechanical properties of HDPE film, but made the melt torque of the blends increase. The surface morphology and crystallization behavior of the blends were observed by polarized light microscope. It was found that the dispersion and molten degree of UHMWPE in the blends made by the screws scheme B were improved greatly.
A Study on the Optimization and Application of All Radial Truck Tire Building Process Technology
Authors: Li Zhi Hua , Yang Shi Liang , Xia Peng , Li Zhao Feng , Liu Yan Qing , Wu Shuai Zhi
Published: December 2009

By analyzing the technology process of all steel radial truck tire building machine, the author finds that there is a big potential of improvement both in stitching effect and efficiency. A new kind of stitching and control device is designed to replace the original. The new device can realize the soft stitching of tire, which reduces redundant actions and thus optimizes the process and improves the stitching efficiency. It is found in tests that the optimized process reduces the blister defectives greatly. Both productivity and quality of tires are improved significantly. It shows a big economic benefit.
Experimental Research on Carbon Black Flowing in Pneumatic Conveying System
Authors: Li Zhi Hua , Liu Yan Qing , Xia Peng , Ma Li
Published: December 2009

The article analyses the main factors such as the species and character of the carbon black, the conveying pressure and gas-flow rate which influence the flow character of carbon black during pneumatic conveying. And also studies the flow character of carbon black in dense phase pneumatic conveying system with experiment. It raises the view that the carbon black with narrow particle diameter distribution, especially with bigger size is favorable for saving energy and reducing fragmentation; the conveying pressure approach lowest point should be chosen during carbon black pneumatic conveying, and the quantity of elbow pipe should be used as less as possible; on condition that the conveying capacity is guaranteed, the lower air feeding volume is preferable; the higher the conveying pressure is, the lower the fragmentation of the carbon black will be. The article also supplies the reference for technology parameter choosing and carbon black conveying system design.
Investigation of Performance Advantages of Internal Circulation Two-Platen Injection Molding Machine
Authors: Jiao Zhi Wei , Xie Peng Cheng , Yan Zhi Yun , Yang Wei Min , Wang Xing Tian
Published: December 2009

The performance advantages of the newly full-hydraulic internal circulation two-platen injection molding machine were investigated deeply and comprehensively. The application prospects were also forecasted. Thanks to the use of internal circulation cylinders in the injection molding machine, the hydraulic system is greatly simplified. Mold-moving and mold-locking are actuated by different cylinders respectively which not only balance the force and velocity but obtain excellent mold-locking properties and high molding stability. The injection molding machine was equipped with servomotor which drives quantified pump in order to save energy and lower noise. The newly full-hydraulic internal circulation two-platen injection molding machine will be the next generation injection molding machine.
Effects of Different Structure Rotors on Mixing Process and Quality of Short Fiber-Rubber Composite Material
Authors: Wang Chuan Sheng , Zhang De Wei , Bian Hui Guang
Published: December 2009

The structure of rotors is an important factor, which impacts the quality of the mixed rubber. For the short fiber-rubber composite material, the structure of the rotors is most important. Through the experiments study, the mixing performances of four-wing synchronous rotor, six-wing synchronous rotor and new type of six-wing synchronous varying clearance rotor have been studied. The experimental results indicated that the mixing performance of the new type rotor is much better than the four-wing and six-wing synchronous rotor for the mixing of short fiber-rubber composite materials.
Research on the Curing Behaviour of an Epoxy/nmSiO2 Nanocomposite System
Authors: Wang Chuan Sheng , Fu Yong Xiang , Lin Guang Yi
Published: December 2009

The curing behaviour of an epoxy/nmSiO2 nanocomposites system composed of a bifunctional epoxy resin with an anhydride curing agent and nmSiO2 was investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to investigate the curing behaviour of the nanocomposites system. As for the nanocomposites system containing different amount of nmSiO2, the values of activation energy, reaction order, theoretic gelling temperature and theoretic curing temperature were evaluated by kinetic equations. And the effect of nmSiO2 on the curing reaction and the curing reaction mechanism of the system were discussed. The results showed that the curing rate of the nanocomposites system increased slightly with adaptively increasing nmSiO2 content, and the curing process is at 110°C for 1hr, 150°C for 2hr.
Synthesis of Conducting Polyaniline Using Compound Oxidant
Authors: Huang Hui , Xu Jin Quan , Guo Zhong Cheng
Published: December 2009

Conductive polyaniline (PANI) was synthesized by the oxidation of aniline with complex oxidant composed of ammonium persulfate ((NH4)2S2O8) and ascorbic acid (C6H8O6) in a reaction media containing sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The effects of concentration of H2SO4, (NH4)2S2O8 and (NH4)2S2O8/C6H8O6 mol ratio on the polymerization of aniline were studied. The optimal polymerization condition was aniline 1mol/L, H2SO4 1mol/L, and compound oxidant (mole ratio of (NH4)2S2O8 to C6H8O6 as to 10:1) 1mol/L at room temperature without the protection of N2. The conductivity and yield of PANI reach 13.3S/cm and 96.7%, respectively. The structural changes of PANI were measured by FTIR, Raman and XRD. The results indicated that PANI was some crystal and its groups took place red shift.
Research on the Key Technology of Precision Injection Molding Equipment for Light Guide Plate
Authors: Xie Peng Cheng , Gou Gang , Wen Zhen Xing , Ding Yu Mei , Yang Wei Min
Published: December 2009

The light guide plate is an important element of the LCD backlight module which demands a certain degree of transparency and uniformity of gray. The defects such as black spots and yellow surface appeared when the light guide plate was processed by domestic equipments. The main problem was caused by the plasticization unit. The Influencing factors of performance for polycarbonate (PC) special screw were discussed in this paper. The conveyance capacity of melt in the metering zone of injection screws with different flight width and channel depth was analyzed by POLYFLOW software. In order to obtain high surface hardness, corrosion resistance and smoothness of PC special screw, surface coating processing was the key point for injection molding light guide plate. Moreover, the peel strength of PC with different coating processing metallic block was tested and measured. he experimental results of the analysis showed that the nickel-tungsten alloy plating and physical vapor deposition can significantly improve stripping properties, corrosion resistance and smoothness. The influencing factors of coating and PC materials’ stripping were analyzed. Through industrial testing, the defective rate of light guide plate had been greatly reduced with physical vapor deposition compared to the screw with hard chromium plating.
Investigation of the Structural Change of Doped Polyaniline during Heat Treatment
Authors: Huang Hui , Guo Zhong Cheng
Published: December 2009

Doped polyaniline (PANI) was synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline in aqueous acidic medium with mixed sulfuric acid and 5-sulfosalcyclic acid as complex dopant , and ammonium peroxydisulfate as an oxidant, and heat treated at 150°C, 200°C, 250°Cand 300°C for 2 hours in vacuum. Different intrinsic and extrinsic structural changes due to heat treatment were determined from FTIR and XRD measurements. When PANI is subjected to heat treatment, different changes are taking place in the system like doping, dedoping (extrinsic), oxidation and changes in crystal structure (intrinsic). Mechanisms for doping, dedoping and oxidation, are proposed.
Heat Transfer of Water Film Outside the Vertical Helix Tube with Hydrophilic Nanolayer
Authors: Wang Yong Yan , Zhang Ze Rong
Published: December 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the formation of water film and its flow behavior on the surface of a vertical helix tube with hydrophilic nanolayer. The physical and mathematical models for single ingredient fluid are established and the effects of the surface geometry of the vertical helix tube on the water film flow are studied. The film thickness goes up at the trough and becomes thinner at the crest. The film thickness on the vertical helix tube with hydrophilic nanolayer is more uniform and has better heat transfer properties than the classical smooth surface tube.
An Improved Mixing-Extruding Machine for Polyblends
Authors: Li Li , Wang Chuan Sheng
Published: December 2009

The improved mixing extruding machine is made up of mixer and unconventional double-cone screw extruder, which has both the excellent mixing capabilities and the continuous extruding characters. Its extruding part is an unconventional double-cone screw extruder, which are integrated double merits about double cone screw and single screw with strong feeding ability, stable extrusion pressure, supplementary mixing and more excellent quality of products. The pair of rotors and screws can be stepless speed regulating, which ensures match between the feeding capacity of the internal mixer and the extrusion output as well as the perfect mixing property. The mathematical model of the continuous mixing extruding can provide guidance for the actual production. The limitation of the batch-type production is overcome, and fulfilling the manufacture from the raw materials of polyblends to finished product in one machine.
Interaction of Polymer and Solvent in Chemical Crosslinked Polymer Gel
Authors: Hu Xiao Yu , Chen Ying Bo
Published: December 2009

Interactions of polymer and solvent in a highly chemical crosslinked polystyrene (PS) and polymethyl acrylate (PMA) gels are investigated. Crystal thermo of the benzene in PS-benzene gels were analyzed using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). It was noted that benzene molecules in the gels can be categorized into three types, which is free benzene, weak bonded benzene and strong bonded benzene. In average, one PS structure unit interacted with three benzene molecules in the gel system. The conformation of dichloroethane (DCE) in PMA-DCE gels was studied using Fourier transfer infrared (FTIR). In PMA-DCE gels, DCE molecule bonded with PMA chains in a trans mode through a hydrogen bond. And the amount of trans DCE molecules increased with the increase in concentration of PMA in the gel system.
PP/LDH Nanocomposites via Melt-Intercalation: Synergistic Flame Retardant Effects, Properties and Applications in Automobile Industries
Authors: Ding Peng , Tang Sheng Fu , Yang Hui , Shi Li Yi
Published: December 2009

The structure, thermal behavior and flame retardant properties of polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites treated with complex flame retardants composed of layered double hydroxides (LDH) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP)/pentaerythritol (PER) intumescent flame retardant systems have been investigated by XRD, TEM, LOI, UL-94, and TGA analysis. The results showed that introduction of LDH nanofillers into the samples can obtain good flame retardant synergistic effects with APP/PER additives at appropriate LDH loadings. Such synergism between LDH and APP/PER in PP matrix can be explained by a proposed condensed phase flame retardant mechanism. And based on this study, different types of modified PP products were developed in a ten-thousand-ton scale to be used for the automobile industries, such as car bumpers and dashboards.
Analysis and Comparison of Vapor and Liquid Deposition of Pyrrole on Wool Fiber
Authors: Jin Xin , Wang Yong Yue , Xiao Chang Fa
Published: December 2009

Polypyrrole/wool composite fiber was prepared by in situ oxidative polymerization from vapor phase and liquid phase pyrrole at room temperature, by using FeCl3 as catalyst. The effect of deposition technique on the surface morphology, mechanical properties and the electrical stability of fibers were discussed. The result showed that deposition technique has a strong effect and fiber prepared by vapor phase deposition has much fine and small granular structure, lower resistance, better mechanical property and electrical stability.
Physical Properties of Poly(urethane-methacrylate)s Plastic Sheets Produced from Different Polyols
Authors: Gao Li Jun , Zhou Li Ming , Fang Shao Ming , Zheng Hua , Hu Min , Liu Chun Sen
Published: December 2009

Poly (urethane-methacrylate) (PUA) plastic sheets were prepared from isophorone diisocyanate(IPDI), different kinds of polyols, and ß-hydroxyethyl methacrylate(HEMA) in the presence of dibutytin dilaurate(DBTL) as catalyst and 2,2-azo-bis-iso-butyro-nitrile(AIBN) as initiator. The properties of PUAs were measured by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), water uptake and optical properties testing, and mechanical performance measurements. The effect of kinds of polyols, which own the same molecular weight, on the properties of PUAs was evaluated. The results show the obtained PUAs present the good mechanical properties, low water uptake (below 2.5 %) and high transparence (above 85 %). The diversity of properties suggests that these PUAs can be used in optical polymer applications.
The Experimental Research of SMR/SBR Inner Tube with RIIR
Authors: Zeng Xian Kui , Wang Chuan Sheng , Bian Hui Guang , Guo Lei
Published: December 2009

Application of SMR / SBR inner tube with the IIR reclaimed rubber were investigated in the paper. The mechanical properties such as strength, hardness and Mooney viscosity of the materials were measured. The results showed that Elongation at break and tear strength decreased a little, while tensile strength,Viscosity, the air tightness and hardness are improved by adding RIIR in SMR/SBR ,which can accelerate the curing speed of the materials under room temperature. The results indicated that RIIR in SMR/SBR formula can meet the requirement of the processing technology of tube compound.
Research Method of the Rubber's Plasticization Technological Parameter Optimize on Open Mill by Neural Network
Authors: Wang Guan Zhong
Published: December 2009

The forecast of rubber's plasticization technological parameter computation model is established using the neural network method on open mill. It is computation that rubber's plasticization technological parameter on open mill by this model, and has carried on the comparison the result with the experimental one. The result indicated that this model precision is high, and it has the good project application value in the research aspect of rubber's plasticization technological parameter on open mill.
A Study on Influence of Resin Temperature on Filling Balance of Multi-Cavity Molds
Authors: Chen Jing Bo , Shen Chang Yu , Yokoi Hidetoshi
Published: December 2009

Filling imbalance for PP, long GF-PP, elastomer PC and GF-PC in a multi-cavity mold with a geometrically balanced runner is investigated by using the visualization glass-inserted injection mold and infrared thermometers, through visualizing the flow behavior of the melt in the runner and cavity and measuring the melt temperature near the cavity entrance simultaneously. In addition, velocity distribution in the secondary runner for PP and elastomer is also determined by use of marker tracers in order to further investigate the mechanism of filling balance. The results show that the degree of filling imbalance depends on the velocity difference of the upper and lower melt and its development in the secondary runner during the filling process. The melt viscosity difference in the primary runner dominate the melt velocity difference in the secondary runner., and the viscosity difference depends on the temperature difference and viscosity sensitivity to temperature and shear rate. The development of the velocity difference of the upper and lower melt in the secondary runner depends on the melt viscoelastic property and the runner wall condition.
Morphology of Biodegradable Poly(hexamethylene Adipate)(PHMA) Nanofibers Prepared by Electrospinning
Authors: Kang Wei Min , Cheng Bo Wen , Li Quan Xiang , Zhuang Xu Pin
Published: December 2009

A kind of novel biodegradable poly(hexamethylene adipate) (PHMA) nanofibers with diameter of 100～700nm using a mixed solvent of 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE ) and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) were obtained by electrospinning process in this paper. The morphology of electropun PHMA nanofibers were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the morphology, diameter and uniformity of the fibers were influenced by solvent ratio, solution concentration, applied voltage, capillary–screen distance and flow rate greatly. The finer and uniform nanofibers were electrospun from a mixed solvent of DCE and TFA with ratio of 70/30(w/w).
Preparation of Polysulfone Membranes Using Ionic Liquid [C16mim][SCN] as a Pore-Former and Plasticizer
Authors: Zhao Ya Mei , Hu Xiao Ling , Yu Jin Yang , Guan Ping
Published: December 2009

Polysulfone (PSf) membranes were prepared by the wet-phase-inversion using 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate [C16mim][SCN] as an new additive. Scanning electron microscope was utilized to visualize cross-sections of the membranes to gain more better understanding the influence of [C16mim][SCN] on the pore-forming. Moreover, Membrane-forming mechanism using ionic liquid as a pore-former was also discussed. The results showed that ionic liquid [C16mim][SCN] had restrained the demixing of the casting solutions and has the ability of the pore-forming, higher than those of its analogues of PEG400. With increase of concentration of ionic liquid [C16mim][SCN] in casting solutions, the structures of the membranes changed from asymmetric finger pores to the spongy-finger-macrovoid structure of the pores. Compared with PEG400 as a pore-former,[C16mim][SCN] has the pore-forming ability to the membrane at lower concentration of [C16mim][SCN] in the casting solution. Especially, at the 4:76 ratio of [C16mim][SCN]/NMP, the prepared membrane has the asymmetric finger-pores structure, with the 2~6μm pores close to surface layer and the 10~24μm pore for its sublayer. Its retention rate of PEG10000 and solution flux are 97.1% and 48.7 L• h-1• m-2. Meanwhile, ionic liquid can be a plasticizer, according the thermal properties of the membranes.
Synthesis and Properties of Molecularly Imprinted Composite Membranes of Roxithromycin
Authors: Yu Jin Yang , Hu Xiao Ling , Jiao Cui Cui , Zhao Ya Mei , Yang Wei Wei
Published: December 2009

Molecularly imprinted composite membranes for selective binding and permeation of roxithromycin were prepared by means of thermal initiated co-polymerization method using polysulfone ultra-filtration membranes as porous supports. Scanning electron microscope was utilized to visualize surface and cross-sections of the membranes to gain more better understanding in the analysis of imprinted layers deposited on PSF support membranes and differential scanning calorimetric was used for determining the thermal stability of the membranes. Static equilibrium binding and recognition properties of the imprinted and non-imprinted membranes to roxithromycin and its analogues in ethanol solution system were tested. The results showed that saturated binding capacity of imprinted membrane to roxithromycin was about 2.24μmol/g, higher than those of its analogues, and the selectivity factors of αRM/EM, αRM/AM and αRM/EE were 1.75, 2.46 and 2.67, respectively. The transport performances of the membranes were evaluated through kinetic filtration experiments. The separation mechanism of the roxithromycin imprinted membrane could be defined as facilitated permeation mechanism.
Thermal Conductivity of Nature Rubber Filled with Carbon Black
Authors: He Yan , Li Hai Tao , Ma Lian Xiang
Published: December 2009

The thermal conductivities of two rubbers filled with different carbon black (N330 and N375) are measured by experiments, and compared with five theoretical models calculated results. It is shown that thermal conductivity of carbon-filled rubber is obviously enhanced with increase of the volume filler fraction of carbon black and the thermal conductivity of carbon-filled rubber is related to the microstructure and morphology of carbon black. The estimated thermal conductivities by using the model proposed in our previous paper are of the same variation as the experimental ones of N330 carbon/rubber and N375 carbon/rubber during the range of volume fraction from 2% to 20%.
Exploration of Parameters of Ashcroft’s Potential Using Monovacancy Formation Energy and Different Exchange and Correlation Functions for some Trivalent FCC Metals
Authors: Ghorai Amitava
Published: December 2009

A pseudopotential approach has been used to study the variation of the vacancy formation energy as a function of the parameter of Ashcroft's empty core model potential (AECMP) and nine different exchange and correlation functions (ECF) for some trivalent fcc metals, viz. Al, La, Sc, γ-Ce, Pr and Yb. The criterion used is that should be greater than the Bohr radius ( ). There is a systematic increase in the fitted value of in going from one ECF to another, as follows: KK < Sham < GV < Kle < Harr < VS < Tay < Hub < MD and it is difficult to assign a particular value of for all ECFs for a particular trivalent fcc metal. The inherent simplicity of AECMP makes it difficult to have a universal parameter for all types of atomic property calculations.
Effect of Tribological Parameters upon the Mechanical Wear of Unalloyed and High-Alloy Steels
Authors: El Azizi Abdellah , Hadj Meliani Mohammed , Belalia Azedine , Benamar Ali
Published: December 2009

In the present work, an experimental study of the influence of tribological parameters upon the mechanical wear behavior of unalloyed and high-alloy steels is proposed, in order to monitor the residual stress evolution as a function of the friction coefficient. For both types of steel, the tests are carried out on specimens polished mechanically or chemically. The dry friction tests were performed on a ball-on-plate testing machine in order to determine the cyclical friction coefficient and the residual stresses developed during the slip of the tempered steel wiper on the specimen. Using the data analysis technique, the correspondence factorial analysis method describes more quickly a large data source by exploiting sophisticated descriptive statistics. The data will are then subjected to a factorial treatment using the metric of Chi-squared (2c) to preserve the probabilistic nature of the problem. This method is considered to be very useful and very precise for determining the residual stress under the cyclical loading caused by dry mechanical friction.
Simulation of the Impact Behaviour of Diffusion-Bonded and Adhered Perforated Hollow Sphere Structures (PHSS)
Authors: Ferrano Fabian , Speich Marco , Rimkus Wolfgang , Merkel Markus , Öchsner Andreas
Published: December 2009

This paper investigates the mechanical properties of a new type of hollow sphere structure. For this new type, the sphere shell is perforated by several holes in order to open up the inner sphere volume and surface. The mechanical behaviour of perforated sphere structures under large deformations and strains in a primitive cubic arrangement is numerically evaluated by using the finite element method for different hole diameters and different joining techniques.
Studies of the Axial Shift and the Spin Hamiltonian Parameters for Mn2+ in a CdS Crystal
Authors: Wang Xue Feng , Wu Shao Yi , Hu Yue Xia , Xu Pei
Published: December 2009

The axial shift and the spin Hamiltonian parameters (zero-field splitting D, the g factors and the hyperfine structure constants A// and A) for Mn2+ in a CdS crystal are studied theoretically in this work. The calculations are carried out by using the perturbation formulae of these parameters for a 3d5 ion under trigonally distorted tetrahedra based upon the cluster approach, where the ligand orbital and spin-orbit coupling contributions are taken into account in a uniform way. From the studies, the impurity Mn2+ is found not to occupy the host Cd2+ site exactly but to experience a small outward shift of 0.018 Å away from the ligand triangle along the C3 axis. The above impurity axial shift leads to a much smaller trigonal distortion than the host Cd2+ site in CdS. The calculated spin Hamiltonian parameters are in reasonable agreement with the experimental data.