bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical-epidemiological characteristics associated with discharge outcomes and seasonality among surviving patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome in a national third-level hospital, Lima, Peru
Authors: Velásquez-Rimachi Victor , López-Saavedra Angélica Verónica , Rodriguez-López Ethel , Elguera-Huaman Hillary , Meza Kelly , Alva-Díaz Carlos , Pacheco-Barrios Kevin
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disease that affects the peripheral nervous system. Severe motor deficit (SMD), respiratory impairment, cranial nerve involvement and autonomic dysfunction are associated with a poor prognosis. Objective: To investigate the association between the clinical-epidemiological characteristics and the discharge results among Peruvian patients with GBS. Methods: We carried out a retrospective observational study on patients with GBS who survived until discharge. We used the Brighton Collaboration’s criteria and considered Hughes Severity Scale (HSS) scores greater than two to be SMD. We defined the discharge results as an improvement if the HSS score decreased by at least one point from admission to hospital discharge and defined hospital stay as prolonged if > 14 days. Results: We analyzed 92 patients, among whom 70.7% were male. Quadriparesis (81.1%) and hyporeflexia (86.8%) were the most characteristic manifestations. We observed that more than half of the cases were in summer and winter. Gastrointestinal infections were associated with a higher proportion of prolonged stays. The proportion of improvement was lower among patients who had an SMD at hospital admission. We confirmed these results through fitting in multivariate models. Conclusions: The prolonged stay was related to previous gastrointestinal infection, while a less improvement in SMD individuals at admission. Prospective multicenter surveillance systems are needed for monitoring GBS cases in low-income settings like Peru.
Catastrophization is related to the patient and not to the severity of migraine
Authors: Nogueira Eduardo Almeida Guimarães , Oliveira Flavia Rodrigues de , Carvalho Vitor Martinez de , Telarolli Carina , Fragoso Yara Dadalti
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Catastrophization is a psychological aspect of pain that alters its perception and expression. Objective: To investigate the feature of catastrophization in migraine. Methods: An online survey of individuals suffering from migraine attacks at least twice a month, for at least one year was carried out. Confidentiality was assured and participants gave details of their headache (including a visual analogue pain scale) and answered the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Catastrophization Scale questionnaires. Results: The survey included 242 individuals with migraine attacks at least twice a month. The median scores observed in this group of individuals were 7 for pain, 11 for anxiety, 7 for depression, and 2 for catastrophization. Catastrophization had no correlation with the duration (p=0.78) or intensity (p=0.79) of the migraine. There was no correlation between catastrophization and headache frequency (p=0.91) or the monthly amount of headache medication taken (p=0.85). High scores for catastrophization (≥3.0) were identified in one third of the participants. These high scores were not associated with age, headache duration, pain severity, frequency of attacks, or traits of depression or anxiety. There was a moderate association between both depression and anxiety traits with catastrophization. Conclusions: Catastrophization seems to be a trait of the individual and appears to be unrelated to the characteristics of the migraine.
Brasil da financeirização: do consumo familiar à cooptação da assistência social
Authors: Soares Neto Horígenes Fontes , Pinheiro Lessi Inês Farias , Ferraz Marcelo Inácio Ferreira
Published: September 2021

Resumo Enquanto face mais recente do modo de acumulação capitalista, a financeirização reverbera, por um de seus tentáculos, na necessidade de acesso ao mercado bancário-financeiro e de bens pelas famílias de baixa renda. Isso se dá, primordialmente, para que possam assegurar direitos esvaziados pelo Estado, gerando explosões de consumo e endividamento alimentadoras do circuito neoliberal – caso do Brasil, sobretudo desde os anos 1990. Ao lado, o crescimento de mecanismos socioassistenciais, cujo pano de fundo é a promoção do bem-estar e das cidadanias, deixa de servir unicamente às suas pretensões originárias para também sustentar, transversalmente, o capital financeirizado. Em tal cenário, este trabalho objetiva verificar as dinâmicas de gasto e consumo familiares vigentes num Brasil marcado pelas desigualdades e por políticas públicas socioassistenciais na era financeirizada. Perquire a inserção na ciranda bancário-financeira das populações pauperizadas e o uso do fundo público para a remuneração de bancos. Metodologicamente, parte de pesquisa bibliográfica de teóricos clássicos e contemporâneos críticos da financeirização, aliada a dados secundários de consumo e gastos das famílias brasileiras, destacadamente aquelas rastreadas e atendidas por políticas assistenciais, assim como da execução orçamentária nacional. A análise aponta para a cooptação do Estado pela financeirização e a quebra dos objetivos originários das ações assistenciais.
Mobilidade socio-ocupacional no Brasil: novo procedimento para delimitação dos estratos ocupacionais e análise dos dados da PNAD de 2014
Authors: Oliveira Camilla , Hoffmann Rodolfo
Published: September 2021

Resumen O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar, a partir dos dados da PNAD de 2014, a mobilidade socio-ocupacional inter e intrageracional na sociedade brasileira e a influência da migração e da cor dos indivíduos no processo de mobilidade social. É proposta uma nova metodologia de estratificação para a construção de estratos socio-ocupacionais, utilizando características como educação, renda e ocupação dos indivíduos. Ainda que marcada por deslocamentos de curta distância entre os estratos socio-ocupacionais, a mobilidade social observada nos dados coletados em 2014 é marcada por chances de mobilidade ascendente, o que denota certa dinamicidade na sociedade brasileira. A análise revela um esvaziamento dos estratos baixos em favor dos estratos médios quando se compara a distribuição socio-ocupacional dos ocupados em 2014 com a geração dos pais. Há uma predominância na mobilidade circular, indicando que os movimentos realizados na estrutura socio-ocupacional se deram mais pela substituição e trocas em postos de trabalho já existentes do que pela transformação da estrutura ocupacional. Foram encontradas evidências de que indivíduos migrantes apresentam mobilidade superior aos não migrantes. Todavia, indivíduos pretos e pardos encontram condições desiguais de mobilidade socio-ocupacional quando comparados aos brancos, e essa desigualdade é atenuada quando se consideram os indivíduos migrantes.
Exploração social e estrutura de classes: a atualidade de um quadro de análise
Authors: Gaiger Luiz Inácio
Published: September 2021

Resumo O artigo aborda os conceitos de relações de exploração, classes e estrutura de classes, destacando a necessidade de considerar os distintos níveis internos desse arcabouço teórico para fins de análise das sociedades contemporâneas. Fundamenta-se em revisão bibliográfica das objeções levantadas à teoria das classes, bem como em uma retomada de elementos seminais legados por Karl Marx e de contribuições posteriores de intérpretes dos textos marxianos, com destaque a Eric Wright. Sustenta que a exploração social, da qual deriva uma dada estrutura de classes, é o ponto de partida para uma teoria das classes que supere o seu aparente anacronismo, seu presumido economicismo e seu suposto vínculo imanente com uma teleologia da transformação social. A abordagem das classes, assim concebida e integrada a um tratamento teórico sobre a formação de preferências e a mobilização coletiva, constitui um instrumento indispensável para a análise tanto da estrutura quanto da ação social.
Heteromação e microtrabalho no Brasil
Authors: Braz Matheus Viana
Published: September 2021

Resumo No paradigma da heteromação do trabalho, as mudanças operadas pela informatização da economia fazem com que uma massa expressiva de trabalhadores passe a desempenhar atividades essenciais, mas marginais. Objetiva-se, neste estudo, analisar as diferentes formas de microtrabalho heteromatizado remunerado presentes em território nacional, de maneira a lançar luzes compreensivas sobre as condições e especificidades do contexto laboral brasileiro. Para tanto, primeiro foi realizado um levantamento e descrição dos crowdworks de microtarefas em operação no Brasil. Depois, a partir do método netnográfico nos inserimos em 22 grupos de Facebook e de Whatsapp voltados a esse mercado (o que totaliza uma base de cerca de 16 mil perfis registrados) e os acompanhamos durante sete meses. Conclui-se que, no Brasil, há uma importante reserva de mão de obra de microtrabalho e que não estamos diante de um cenário isolado, monolítico e homogêneo. O microtrabalho está imbricado em novas formas de extração de valor da plataformização do trabalho e deve ser compreendido em meio a cadeias de produção mais amplas, globais, onde as condições de trabalho são polissêmicas, assimétricas e regidas mormente por países do Norte global.◊
Trabalho em plataformas digitais: perspectivas desde o Sul global
Authors: Abílio Ludmila Costhek , Amorim Henrique , Grohmann Rafael
Published: September 2021

Resumo O dossiê Trabalho em plataformas digitais: perspectivas desde o Sul global se organiza com o objetivo de trazer contribuições para as análises que se fazem a partir da periferia e reconhecem sua centralidade nos fenômenos globais contemporâneos. Trata-se, portanto, de pesquisas que incorporam as estruturas específicas do trabalho na periferia em sua análise, sem perder de vista debates e perspectivas que permeiam a compreensão do capitalismo e, especificamente, da exploração do trabalho na atualidade.
Evaluation of antioxidant, photoprotective and antinociceptive activities of Marcetia macrophylla extract: potential for formulation of sunscreens
Authors: Costa S. C. C. , Damasceno P. K. F. , Lima R. G. G. , Botura M. B. , Branco C. R. C. , Silva T. R. S. , Oliveira A. P. , Guimarães A. L. , Almeida J. R.G.S. , Branco A.
Published: September 2021

Abstract The antioxidant, photoprotective and antinociceptive Marcetia macrophylla active extract was investigated as an active ingredient in a sunscreen cream formulation. Thus, the M. macrophylla extract showed IC50 of 3.43 mg/ml of the antioxidant (DPPH∙ scavenging test) and Sun Protection Factor of 20.25 (SPF/UV-B, at 250 µg/ml) and UV-A of 78.09% (photobleaching trans-resveratrol test). The antinociceptive activity was superior to all standards tested using the in vivo acetic acid-induced writhing test (99.14% at the dose of 200 mg/kg) and the high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector and mass spectroscopy multi-stage (HPLC-DAD-MS/MS) enabled the structural characterization of the quercetin-3-O-hexoside, quercetin-3-O-pentoside and quercetin-3-O-desoxihexoside. The pharmaceutical formulation containing the Marcetia macrophylla crude active extract was prepared and the physicochemical tests (organoleptic characteristics, pH analysis and centrifugation), the in vitro UVB (sun protection factor, SPF) and UVA (β-carotene) using the spectroscopic method were investigated. The formulation showed satisfactory results concerning the physicochemical parameters evaluated and active against the UV test. Thus, M. macrophylla showed biological activities with potential use in pharmaceutical preparations.
Culture of rat mesenchymal stem cells on PHBV-PCL scaffolds: analysis of conditioned culture medium by FT-Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Nascimento V. A. , Malmonge S. M. , Santos Jr. A. R.
Published: September 2021

Abstract Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have great potential for application in cell therapy and tissue engineering procedures because of their plasticity and capacity to differentiate into different cell types. Given the widespread use of MSCs, it is necessary to better understand some properties related to osteogenic differentiation, particularly those linked to biomaterials used in tissue engineering. The aim of this study was to develop an analysis method using FT-Raman spectroscopy for the identification and quantification of biochemical components present in conditioned culture media derived from MSCs with or without induction of osteogenic differentiation. All experiments were performed between passages 3 and 5. For this analysis, MSCs were cultured on scaffolds composed of bioresorbable poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) polymers. MSCs (GIBCO®) were inoculated onto the pure polymers and 75:25 PHBV/PCL blend (dense and porous samples). The plate itself was used as control. The cells were maintained in DMEM (with low glucose) containing GlutaMAX® and 10% FBS at 37oC with 5% CO2 for 21 days. The conditioned culture media were collected and analyzed to probe for functional groups, as well as possible molecular variations associated with cell differentiation and metabolism. The method permitted to identify functional groups of specific molecules in the conditioned medium such as cholesterol, phosphatidylinositol, triglycerides, beta-subunit polypeptides, amide regions and hydrogen bonds of proteins, in addition to DNA expression. In the present study, FT-Raman spectroscopy exhibited limited resolution since different molecules can express similar or even the same stretching vibrations, a fact that makes analysis difficult. There were no variations in the readings between the samples studied. In conclusion, FT-Raman spectroscopy did not meet expectations under the conditions studied.
Gonadal characterization of the Amazonian fish Serrapinnus kriegi (Characidae: Cheirodontinae)
Authors: Felicio G.R. , Cordeiro J.G. , Dutra-Costa B.P. , Maximino C. , Branco G.S. , Quirino P. P. , Siqueira-Silva D.H. de
Published: September 2021

Abstract The knowledge of the testicular and ovarian morphology of a particular fish species is of paramount importance. Such analyze enables the development of studies and techniques aiming the improvement of their reproduction, management, commercialization and even their conservation. This study performed the ovarian and testicular characterization of the ornamental Amazon fish Serrapinnus kriegi. A total of three males and three females had their gonads analyzed by optical microscopy. Females present ovaries filled with oocytes in asynchronous development, indicating partial spawning in the species. Moreover, the micropyle and micropilar cell formation was observed in primary growing oocytes, representing a precocious oocyte development; and the zona radiata in the final vitellogenic oocytes is thicker than other related species, evidencing the development of a better protection to the embryos in function of the waters’ turbulence that characterize it spawning sites in the Amazonian streams. The male specimens’ present anastomosed tubular testes with unrestricted spermatogonia spread along the entire seminiferous tubules. The present data elucidate the dynamic of spermatogenesis and oogenesis of an ornamental Amazonian species, through the description of the male and female germ cells development.
Chemical elements in sediments and in bivalve mollusks from estuarine regions in the south of Bahia State, northeast Brazil
Authors: Santos G. B. M. , Boehs G.
Published: September 2021

Abstract Estuaries receive daily inputs of chemical elements which can impact the quality of water and sediment, as well as the health of biota. In addition to the sediment, bivalve mollusks have been used in the chemical monitoring of these systems. This study investigated the presence and contents of As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in superficial sediment and in bivalves (Crassostrea gasar, C. rhizophorae and Mytella guyanensis) from estuaries in the south / extreme south of Bahia State, northeast Brazil. The samples were evaluated with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES, Varian 710). Except for Cd, all other elements were found in the samples, being that Co was exclusive in the sediment. The estuaries equivalent to sampling stations #1 - Valença, #2 - Taperoá, #3 - Ilhéus and #4 - Belmonte showed levels of metals compatibles with those established by the Brazilian legislation, however, the #5 - Santa Cruz Cabrália, in addition to the presence of As, presented a high level of Pb and Cu in C. gasar, which was attributed to the impacts of nautical activities in that locality.
Effects of Gundelia tournefortii L. on biochemical parameters, antioxidant activities and DNA damage in a rat model of experimental obesity
Authors: Bati B. , Celik I. , Vuran N. Eray , Turan A. , Alkan E. E. , Zirek A. K.
Published: September 2021

Abstract The present study was designed to investigate the effects of Gundelia tournefortii L. plant extract on different tissues in terms of DNA damage, biochemical and antioxidant parameter values in rats with high-calorie diets. With this aim, Wistar albino male rats were divided into 4 groups containing 6 rats each and the study was completed over 12 weeks duration. At the end of the implementation process over the 12 weeks, rats were sacrificed and blood and tissue samples were obtained. Analyses were performed on blood and tissue samples. According to results for DNA damage (8-OHdG), in brain tissue the OG2 group was significantly reduced compared to the NC group. For MDA results in liver tissue, OG1 and OG2 groups were determined to increase by a significant degree compared to the control group, while the OG2 group was also increased significantly compared to the obese group. In terms of the other parameters, comparison between the groups linked to consumption of a high calorie diet (HCD) and administration of Gundelia tournefortii L. in terms of antioxidant activities and serum samples obtained statistically significant results. Gundelia tournefortii L. plant extracts had effects that may be counted as positive on antioxidant parameter activity and were especially identified to improve DNA damage and MDA levels in brain tissues. Additionally, consumption of Gundelia tournefortii L. plant extract in the diet may have antiobesity effects; thus, it should be evaluated for use as an effective weight-loss method and as a new therapeutic agent targeting obesity.
Affective relationships as predictors of TMD symptoms in young adults
Authors: CAVINA Sandra Regina , VEDOVELLO Silvia Amélia Scudeler , DOS SANTOS Patrícia Rafaela , CARNEIRO Diego Patrik Alves , VENEZIAN Giovana Cherubini , CUSTÓDIO William , DEGAN Viviane Veroni
Published: September 2021

Abstract Introduction Orofacial pain is a critical TMD symptom that can influence physical and social capacity. Objective To evaluate the association of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) symptoms with affective relationships and demographic variables in young adults. Material and method A cross-sectional study involving 395 young adults was developed. Diagnostic Criteria for TMD, anxiety, and depression were collected from questionnaires. The Dental Health Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need measures the orthodontic treatment need. Questionnaires also contained questions related to the previous orthodontic treatment. Logistic regression models were adjusted, estimating crude odds ratio with the 95% confidence intervals. The variables with p<0.20 in the analyses were assessed in a multiple logistic regression model, remaining with p≤0.10. Result There was no significant association of TMD symptoms with sex, age, medication use for pain, previous orthodontic treatment, orthodontic treatment need, anxiety, and depression (p>0.05). Individuals without an affective relationship are 1.78 (95%CI: 0.99-3.17) times more likely to report TMD symptoms. Conclusion Affective relationships showed an association with TMD symptoms in young adults.
Effect of enzymatic complex in the diet of pirarucu, Arapaima gigas juveniles
Authors: LIMA Julliana de Castro , SCHORER Marianne , MELO José Fernando Bibiano , BRAGA Luís Gustavo Tavares
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT The pirarucu, Arapaima gigas is a native, carnivorous fish species from the Amazon basin. As carnivorous fish have low amylase activity, exogenous enzymes can improve the digestibility of carbohydrates in aquaculture feeds. We evaluated the digestibility of increasing levels of an enzymatic complex in diets of pirarucu juveniles (65.2 ± 0.4 g). The experimental design was randomized with four treatments [diets containing 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1 g kg-1 on-top inclusion of an enzyme complex (Allzyme® SSF®, USA), and a control, with three replications at a density of 5 fish per unit, and a 30-day duration. We quantified apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and crude energy through nutrient and chromium oxide content in diets and feces. Enzymatic activity, hepatic glycogen and total protein were determined in liver and anterior intestine samples. The diet with 1 g kg-1 of enzyme-complex resulted in an increase in apparent digestibility of crude protein, gross energy, and dry matter, hepatic glycogen, total proteins in liver and in intestine, showing the efficiency of the enzyme complex in pirarucu feeding. A higher accumulation of dry matter, crude energy, and ethereal extract in the carcass indicated weight increase in the fish treated with enzymatic complex. A decrease in the endogenous enzymatic activity (protease, lipase and amylase) suggested an improved efficacy of the digestive process. Our results indicate that the inclusion of 1 g kg-1 enzyme complex in the diet of juvenile pirarucu can be recommended to achieve greater digestibility of nutrients and improvement in productive performance.
Orchid bees in riparian and terra-firme forest fragments in an urban matrix in southwestern Brazilian Amazonia
Authors: CÂNDIDO Maria Eliene Maia Braga , MIRANDA Patrícia Nakayama , MORATO Elder Ferreira
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT Riparian forests are important ecosystems that support an enormous biodiversity in Brazil. Despite being protected under Brazilian legislation, these forests suffer great impact from the fragmentation of habitats. Orchid bees are a key group of pollinators in the Neotropical region, yet few data are available on the assamblage structure of these bees in riparian forests. We evaluated the role of fragments of riparian and terra-firme forest on the conservation and maintenance of orchid bees in an urban landscape in the southwestern Amazon basin. Specifically, we evaluated whether bee assemblages in riparian and terra-firme forests differed significantly in abundance, species richness and composition. We also evaluated whether species richness and abundance of bees vary with the size of the forest fragment. Male bees were attracted using odoriferous baits and collected with entomological nets in 10 forest fragments. There was no significant difference between riparian and terra-firme fragments in species abundance, richness and composition, but there was a positive correlation between fragment size and species richness and abundance. Our results suggest that, in an urban landscape, the remaining riparian and terra-firme forest fragments still could maintain 62.7% of the orchid bee species known to occur in the region, reinforcing the conservation value of these forest remnants. Our findings indicate that these fragments provide a potentially important habitat for the maintenance of local bee populations in the landscape.
Fermentation profile and chemical composition of cassava root silage
Authors: PITIRINI Juliana Schuch , SANTOS Rosana Ingrid Ribeiro dos , LIMA Francy Manoely da Silva , NASCIMENTO Ilano Silva Braga do , BARRADAS Jehmison de Oliveira , FATURI Cristian , RÊGO Aníbal Coutinho do , SILVA Thiago Carvalho da
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT The use of cassava root silage for animal feeding is a suitable option for farmers who grow cassava as an alternative product and for cattle ranchers who have to deal with high prices of corn. Our objective was to determine the effects of cassava genotypes and the correction of soil acidity on the microbial population, fermentation characteristics, chemical composition, aerobic stability and losses of cassava root silage. We used a 2 × 3 factorial design in completely randomized blocks, with four replications. We evaluated two cassava genotypes (Caeté and Manteiguinha) and three methods of soil acidity correction (lime, gypsum, and lime+gypsum). The roots were harvested 11 months after planting, ensiled in PVC silos, and stored for 45 days. No interaction was observed between genotypes and soil acidity correction for any of the evaluated parameters. The silage of Caeté genotype showed the highest concentration of dry matter (421 g kg-1 fresh matter) and non-fibrous carbohydrates (893 g kg-1 dry matter), and the lowest concentrations of neutral detergent fiber (37.1 g kg-1 dry matter) . No significant differences were observed among treatments for lactic acid bacteria, yeast and mold counts in silages. Both genotypes resulted in silages with an adequate fermentation profile and considerably high aerobic stability, but with high effluent loss. The Caeté genotype showed to be potentially better for silage production due to its higher dry matter recovery. Due to the high level of effluent loss, it is recommended to test the effect of a moisture-absorbing additive during the ensiling process of these cassava roots.
Multi-taxa ecological responses to habitat loss and fragmentation in western Amazonia as revealed by RAPELD biodiversity surveys
Authors: MOULATLET Gabriel M. , AMBRIZ Emmanuel , GUEVARA Jennifer , LÓPEZ Karima G. , RODES-BLANCO Marina , GUERRA-ARÉVALO Nereida , ORTEGA-ANDRADE H. Mauricio , MENESES Pablo
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT Habitat loss and fragmentation caused by deforestation are important anthropogenic drivers of changes in biodiversity in the Amazon rainforest, and has reached its highest rate in recent decades. However, the magnitude and direction of the effects on species composition and distribution have yet to be fully understood. We evaluated the responses of four taxonomic groups − birds, amphibians, orchid bees, and dung beetles - to habitat loss and fragmentation at both species and assemblage level in the northern Ecuadorian Amazon. We sampled fifteen 250-m long plots in terra-firme forest remnants. We calculated one landscape fragmentation index (fragindex), which considers the proportion of continuous forest cover, edge density and isolation in the landscape, and nine landscape configuration metrics. Logistic regression models and multivariate regression trees were used to analyze species and assemblage responses. Our results revealed that over 80% of birds, amphibians or orchid-bee species, and 60% of dung beetles were negatively affected by habitat loss and fragmentation. Species composition of all taxonomic groups was significantly affected by differences in forest cover and connectivity. Less than 5% of all species were restricted to landscapes with fragindex values higher than 40%. Landscape metrics related to the shape and area of forest patches determined the magnitude and direction of the effect on species responses. Therefore, changes in the landscape configuration of Ecuadorian Amazonia should be minimized to diminish the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on species occurrence and assemblage composition.
Completeness of rapid assessments of medium and large mammal diversity in the northwestern Amazon in Colombia
Authors: MORALES-MARTÍNEZ Darwin M. , ATUESTA-DIMIAN Natalia , MARTÍNEZ-MEDINA Daniela , GUTIÉRREZ-SANABRIA Diego R. , RODRÍGUEZ-POSADA Miguel E.
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT Rapid assessments are the most common information source on biodiversity in the northwestern Amazon in Colombia due to limited resources and logistic constraints. These assessments are essential for decision-making on environmental policies in this region, that has been strongly impacted by the transformation of its natural ecosystems. Several local camera-trapping rapid assessments of medium and large-sized mammals (MLM) have been conducted in the Colombian Amazon, but they are difficult to compare. We analyzed information of 16 of these rapid assessments of MLM to provide the first list of MLM in the northwestern Amazon in Colombia. We also evaluated the accuracy of four estimators (ICE, Chao-2, Jackknife-1, and Jackknife-2), and the minimum sampling effort for the estimation of MLM richness in local surveys in the region. We report 26 species of MLM for the Colombian Amazon (between five and 13 species per locality), which is an underestimation of MLM richness in the region. The best estimator of MLM richness was the Jackknife-1, due to its precision and the lower influence of singletons. We recommend a minimum sampling effort of 350 camera trap-days. Although rapid assessments do not allow a robust estimation of MLM richness, they record the most common species (or core species) per locality and their abundance variation. The evaluation of the effect of habitat transformation on MLM and the estimation of population parameters of rare species require more intensive studies.
Depressive symptoms may be associated with semantic memory decline in elderly adults
Authors: Faoro Mariana , Hamdan Amer Cavalheiro
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT Depressive symptoms are associated with a decline of episodic memory, but the relationship with semantic memory remains unclear. Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship of depressive symptoms with the semantic memory in a community-based sample of elderly adults. The sample comprised two groups, namely, clinical (with depressive symptoms) and control. Methods: The following instruments were used General Evaluation Questionnaire, Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic, Wechsler Abbreviate Scale of Intelligence, Geriatric Depression Scale-30 (GDS-30), Beck Depression Inventory-II, Boston Nomination Test (BNT), vocabulary, verbal fluency test (fruits and animals), and Brief Cognitive Screening Battery. Results: The results showed a significant difference between groups only in BNT. A significant correlation was observed between the BNT and GDS-30. Participants with symptoms of severe depression performed poorly on BNT when compared with individuals with mild symptoms. Conclusion: These results support the hypothesis that depressive symptoms in elderly adults can affect semantic memory and may worsen with the severity of symptoms.
Patterns of instrumental activities of daily living between community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Sigrist Antonia de Azevedo Falcão , Oliveira Ana Claudia Becattini , Fichman Helenice Charchat
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT The ability to perform instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) is an important marker within the aging process, as it reflects the level of independence to perform in the real world. However, there is a scarcity of studies that investigate the different performance profiles among older adults. Objective: To investigate the heterogeneity present in the community of elderly people, grouping them based on characteristics and patterns observed through an objective performance-based assessment. Methods: Participants were selected according to the following inclusion criteria: fluency in Portuguese, 360 years, regular participation in a social program offered by the government of Rio de Janeiro, and absence of a caregiver. The evaluation of IADLs was determined by the total and brief version of the University of California, San Diego Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) and the Lawton and Brody IADL scale. The Brief Cognitive Screening Battery and the Mini-Mental State Examination were used to characterize the sample, in addition to the Geriatric Depression Scale. A total of 61 elderly people with an average age of 72.5 years, predominantly females (85.2%), and average education of 11.2 were evaluated and grouped according to their performance at UPSA through clustering analysis. Results: The analysis revealed three grouping patterns, subdividing the sample into subgroups that differed significantly in terms of age, education, global cognition, and all instrumental activities assessed by UPSA — planning, finance, communication, transportation, and household chores. Conclusions: This study was able to identify the heterogeneity present between the elderly people in the different factors that compose the IADLs through a performance-based assessment.
Uso de psicotrópicos por pessoas idosas com hipertensão: prevalência e fatores associados
Authors: Nacamura Paula Antunes Bezerra , Cardoso Luana Cristina Bellini , Rêgo Anderson da Silva , Sanches Rafaely de Cássia Nogueira , Radovanovic Cremilde Aparecida Trindade , Paiano Marcelle
Published: September 2021

Resumo Objetivo analisar os fatores associados ao uso de psicotrópicos por pessoas idosas com hipertensão arterial (HA) acompanhadas pela atenção primária. Método estudo transversal, realizado em um município do noroeste do estado do Paraná, Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada com pessoas idosas, no primeiro semestre de 2016, por intermédio de um instrumento adaptado e validado para avaliação da satisfação com os serviços da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Utilizou-se o modelo de regressão logística, com o método stepwise e a magnitude das associações foi estimada pelo cálculo de Razão de Prevalência (RP). Resultados participaram do estudo 260 pessoas idosas com HA, das quais 25,4% faziam uso de psicotrópicos, sendo a maioria com idade entre 60 e 69 anos (48,8%) e do sexo feminino (67,3%). A análise multivariada evidenciou que o uso de psicotrópicos é mais prevalente em idosos que fazem uso de tabaco (RP: 4,09; IC95%: 1,81–9,18), com circunferência abdominal alterada (RP: 2,58; IC95%: 1,29–5,18), com obesidade (RP: 2,43; IC95%: 1,30–4,55) e aos que relataram ter efeitos colaterais dos medicamentos utilizados no tratamento da HA (RP: 2,98; IC95%: 1,23–7,21). No contexto organizacional e relacionais das equipes da estratégia saúde da família, em idosos com hipertensão e que fazem uso de psicotrópicos observou-se maior prevalência na insatisfação com o atendimento (RP: 6,71; IC95%: 1,37–32,71) e com a falta de apoio e de compreensão com os problemas relatados durante as consultas (RP: 2,17; IC95%: 1,11–4,25). Conclusões Por ser um problema de saúde pública e que atinge parcela significativa da população com maior risco de agravos à saúde, destaca-se a importância de pesquisas nessa área, as quais busquem alternativas para melhorar a qualidade de vida da pessoa idosa com comorbidades e que utilizam psicotrópicos por meio de um cuidado integral.
A reference chromosomal map of the hot chili pepper Capsicum pubescens cv. “locoto” (Solanaceae)
Authors: Aguilera Patricia Mabel , Debat Humberto Julio , Seijo José Guillermo , Grabiele Mauro
Published: September 2021

Abstract Capsicum pubescens is a cultivated hot chili pepper, consumed in Latin American cuisine as a distinctive ingredient, and popularly known as “locoto” or “rocoto”. This taxon is also an outstanding source of resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses as well as other valuable fruit traits for breeding of the worldwidely cultivated C. annuum and related species. In this study, the chromosome complement of C. pubescens cv. “locoto” (2n = 24) was deeply characterized through a sequential combination of conventional and molecular cytogenetics approaches comprising: Ag-NOR staining, heterochromatic fluorescent C-DAPI, DAPI/AMD-CMA/DA bandings, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of Capsicum-derived probes of the 5S and 18S-25S rRNA genes and different regions of spacers of the ribosomal unit, as well as telomeric probe. The markers identified were systematically combined with morphological karyotype parameters - number, size, centromeres, satellites - to produce a physical map which allowed the identification of several landmarks in each individual chromosome. The reference chromosomal map of C. pubescens here presented is the most comprehensively developed in Capsicum so far. It is envisioned that this chromosomal map will serve as a reference framework for the upcoming sequencing projects and as starting point to assist future genetic mapping of important agronomic traits.
The relative effect of altitude and aspect on saxicolous lichen communities at mountain summits from central-west of Argentina
Authors: Costas Santiago Martín , Canton Norma , Rodríguez Juan Manuel
Published: September 2021

Abstract The altitudinal patterns of lichen communities in altitudinal gradients are very variable. The changes that occur along the mountains depend on climatic factors but also on microsite variables such as substrate type and aspect. The effect of altitude and aspect on richness, cover and composition of saxicolous lichens communities along an elevation gradient in extra Andean mountains from the central-west of Argentina was studied. Rock outcrops on the north and south aspect of three mountain summits distributed between 2,500 and 4,500 m.a.s.l. were sampled. Lichen species present in a 20 × 20 cm square were identified and the relative cover was measured using digital photography. Richness, cover and composition were analyzed through linear models and multivariate analysis. Fifty-eight saxicolous lichen species were identified between the three sites. Richness and cover were maximum at middle altitude. Also compositional differences among communities of each mountain summit were found. Finally, the effect of the aspect was significant at lower altitudes for cover and composition.
Reproductive phenology and influence of abiotic variables for two mangrove species in northeastern Brazil
Authors: Lage-Pinto Frederico , Fernando Pedro Silva , Carletto Alan Felix Meyer , Bernini Elaine
Published: September 2021

Abstract Information on plant phenological patterns aids in understanding the structure and functioning of ecosystems and support restoration projects in degraded areas. The aim of this study was to characterize the reproductive phenology of Avicennia germinans and Laguncularia racemosa in a mangrove forest in the Mamanguape River estuary in northeastern Brazil. The characterization was performed monthly from July 2016 to June 2017. We applied circular statistics to detect seasonal trends, calculated intra-specific synchrony, and performed regressions between the reproductive phenophases and the abiotic variables. Avicennia germinans exhibits seasonal responses to floral buds, flowers at anthesis, and fruit, with one reproductive episode per year (annual pattern). Laguncularia racemosa has no seasonal response, with one reproductive episode per year for floral buds (annual pattern) and two episodes for flowers at anthesis and fruits (subannual pattern). Reproductive phenophases of A. germinans exhibited higher intra-specific synchrony than L. racemosa. We provide evidence that temperature, solar radiation and rainfall are important drivers of the flowering rhythm in both species. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that the species exhibited different phenological responses, even though they were subjected to the same abiotic conditions.
Ecophysiological response of Astronium fraxinifolium (Anacardiaceae) in degraded and non-degraded brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Leite Marilaine Cristina Marques , Araujo Maycon Anderson , Souza Lucas Anjos , Martins Aline Redondo , Camargos Liliane Santos
Published: September 2021

Abstract Plants native from Cerrado generally have peculiar characteristics that allow tolerating water and nutritional stress. Astronium fraxinifolium is a Anacardiaceae tree of from Brazilian Cerrado. The aim of this research was to characterize A. fraxinifolium leaves morphophysiologically, in order to recognize characteristics related to acclimatization of the species in different soil conditions. Two populations of A. fraxinifolium were sampled in different study areas, A1 (Degraded Soil) and A2 (“Undegraded Soil”). Nitrogen compounds, total carbohydrates, chlorophyll, nutritional content, stomatal density and gas exchanges were quantified, comparing the areas. A high number of stomata was observed on the abaxial surface of A. fraxinifolium leaves, with a higher density occurring in A1 individuals. The values of chlorophyll and boron content were significantly higher in A2 plants. It’s possible that the lowest concentration of boron in A1 plants is related to chlorophyll production. Regardinf the other analysis, there weren’t significant differences between the areas. The results show that this species undergoes changes in production of chlorophyll, but liquid photosynthesis isn’t impaired, considering the low chlorophyll content in A1 being compensated by the higher stomatal density. Thus, these changes may be the result of acclimating this species to different environmental conditions to which it’s exposed.
Flora of Ceará, Brazil: subtribe Gonolobinae (Asclepiadoideae/Apocynaceae)
Authors: Rebouças Natanael Costa , Farias Diego Costa , Coutinho Thales Silva , Netto José André , Ribeiro Rayane de Tasso Moreira , Loiola Maria Iracema Bezerra
Published: September 2021

Abstract We performed the taxonomic-floristic survey of subtribe Gonolobinae for the state of Ceará, as part of the “Flora do Ceará: knowing to conserve” project. The study was based on the comparative analysis of morphological characters, specialized bibliography, as well as photos of type-collections. In Ceará, six species of two genera were registered: Gonolobus rostratus, Matelea denticulata, M. endressiae, M. ganglinosa, M. harleyi, and M. nigra. Matelea ganglinosa has a broad distribution in the state, while G. rostratus, M. denticulata and M. endressiae are restricted. Matelea species were recorded in six Conservation Units and preferably dry environments (Stepic Savanna, Seasonal Deciduous Forest, and Lowland Semideciduous Forest).
Flora of Ceará, Brazil:Ditassa (Asclepiadoideae/Apocynaceae)
Authors: Farias Diego Costa , Rebouças Natanael Costa , Coutinho Thales Silva , Ribeiro Rayane de Tasso Moreira , Loiola Maria Iracema Bezerra
Published: September 2021

Abstract This study aimed to carry out a taxonomic floristic survey of species in the genus Ditassa (Asclepiadoideae/Apocynaceae), as part of the “Flora do Ceará: knowing to conserve” project. The study was based on the analysis of morphological characters of specimens from representative herbaria for the genus. The identifications were performed using specialized bibliography and confirmed by analyzing type collections. For Ceará state, six species of Ditassa were registered: D. blanchetii, D. capillaris, D. dardanoi, D. glaziovii, D. hastata and D. hispida. The species occur in Savana (Cerrado), Stepic Savanna (Caatinga/Carrasco), Dense Ombrophilous Forest (Wet forest) and Lowland Semideciduous Seasonal Forest (Tableland forest). Only D. capillaris and D. hastata were recorded in Conservation Units.
Ipomoea lanifolia sp. nov. (Convolvulaceae), a new species endemic to the Ibiapaba plateau in northeastern Brazil
Authors: Santos Diego , Souza Elnatan Bezerra , Buril Maria Teresa
Published: September 2021

Abstract A new species of Ipomoea, thus far endemic to Caatinga domain, is described. The species occurs in a “carrasco” physiognomy - a shrubby vegetation on sandy soils characterized by the presence of cacti and bromeliads. The new species can be recognized by a combination of morphological characters, including a leaf blade with a lanate abaxial surface with long hairs, and sepals lanceolate, acuminate, tomentose, and smooth. A complete description, diagnosis, an identification key for Ipomoea species from the Ibiapaba plateau, illustrations, conservation assessments, a distribution map, and taxonomic comments are provided.
Siluetas Femeninas en Medios de Comunicación: Estéticas para la Subjetivación
Authors: Energici María-Alejandra
Published: September 2021

RESUMEN El objetivo de este trabajo es describir las valoraciones, significados y acciones típicas que se atribuyen a las diversas siluetas o volúmenes corporales en los medios de comunicación en Santiago de Chile. Desde la sociología anglosajona se ha documentado la discriminación que sufren las personas gordas, asumiéndose que las siluetas delgadas son la contraparte ideal. La identificación de esta forma de violencia no ha ido acompañada de modelos explicativos. El estudio que se presenta fue de carácter cualitativo. Sobre un cuerpo de 336 imágenes recolectadas, con una escasa variabilidad en tanto que el 85% presenta siluetas ideales, se analizó un análisis difractario sobre 13 imágenes de revistas y publicidades. En los resultados se describen cuatro tipos de siluetas con sus respectivos significados, valoraciones y acciones. Se concluye que en las imágenes se prescriben ideales sociales que involucran ciertos tipos de corporalidades, así como también ciertas estéticas con la que estas acciones deben llevarse a cabo.
Persistent cutaneous canine leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in an area with predominance of Nyssomyia neivai in the state of São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Cutolo André Antonio , Motoie Gabriela , Menz Ingrid , Pereira-Chioccola Vera Lucia
Published: September 2021

Abstract American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is a neglected zoonotic disease caused mainly by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, which is endemic throughout Brazil. Canine ACL cases were investigated in a rural area of Monte Mor, São Paulo, where a human ACL case had been confirmed. Dogs were evaluated through clinical and laboratory diagnosis including serology, cytological tissue preparations and PCR on skin lesions, lymph node and bone marrow samples. Entomological investigations on sandflies trapped in the surroundings of the study area were performed for 14 months. Nyssomyia neivai was the predominant phlebotomine species, comprising 94.65% of the captured specimens (832 out of 879). This species was the most abundant in all trapping sites, including human homes and dog shelters. Ny. whitmani, Migonemyia migonei, Pintomyia monticola, Evandromyia cortellezzii, Pi. fischeri and Expapilata firmatoi were also captured. Two of the three dogs examined were positive for anti-Leishmania IgG in ELISA using the antigen Fucose mannose ligand and skin samples were positive for L. (V.) braziliensis in PCR, but all the samples collected were negative for L. (L.) infantum. One of the dogs had a confirmed persistent infection for more than one year.
Resistance of bovine gastrointestinal nematodes to four classes of anthelmintics in the semiarid region of Paraíba state, Brazil
Authors: Melo Lídio Ricardo Bezerra de , Sousa Luana Carneiro de , de Menezes Oliveira Clarisse Silva , Alvares Felipe Boniedj Ventura , Ferreira Larissa Claudino , Bezerra Roberto Alves , Athayde Ana Célia Rodrigues , Feitosa Thais Ferreira , Vilela Vinícius Longo Ribeiro
Published: September 2021

Abstract The effectiveness of four anthelmintic classes on cattle gastrointestinal nematodes in the semi-arid region of Paraiba State, Brazil, was evaluated. Twenty farms were used, testing 40 animals in each one, totaling 800 animals. Cattle were divided into four groups composed with ten animals: I, treated with albendazole sulfoxide 15%; II, treated with ivermectin 1%; III, treated with closantel 25%; IV, treated with levamisole hydrochloride 7.5%. All treatments were administered subcutaneously. For the Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT), individual fecal samples were collected on days 0 and 14, and sent for analysis of egg count per gram of feces (EPG) and larval cultures. It was observed that multiresistance was present in 95% (19/20) of the farms. Resistance to ivermectin and albendazole was observed in 95% (19/20), to closantel in 75% (15/20) and to levamisole in 20% (4/20). The most used management system was semi-intensive (75%; 15/20) and the ivermectin was the most reported drug for controlling helminths (65%; 13/20). Haemonchus spp. was the most prevalent helminth genus. It was concluded that the anthelmintic resistance of bovine gastrointestinal nematodes is high in the semi-arid of Paraíba State, Brazil, with multiresistance observed mainly to ivermectin, albendazole and closantel.