bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Different Levels of Copper Nanoparticles and Copper Sulfate on Morphometric Indices, Antioxidant Status and Mineral Digestibility in the Small Intestine of Turkeys
Authors: Jankowski Jan , Otowski Kamil , Kozłowski Krzysztof , Pietrzak Piotr , Ferenc Karolina , Ognik Katarzyna , Juśkiewicz Jerzy , Sawosz Ewa , Zduńczyk Zenon
Published: February 2020

It was hypothesized that dietary copper (Cu) nanoparticles, as a substitute for the commonly used copper sulfate, could contribute to lowering the dietary inclusion levels of Cu without compromising growth performance or reducing Cu digestibility and utilization in turkeys. An experiment was carried out on 648 one-day-old Hybrid Converter turkeys divided into 6 groups with 6 replicates per group in a two-factorial design with 3 dietary inclusion levels of Cu (20, 10 and 2 mg kg−1) and 2 dietary sources of Cu, copper sulfate and Cu nanoparticles (Cu-SUL and Cu-NPs, respectively). The apparent digestibility coefficients of minerals were determined after 6 weeks, and tissue samples were collected after 14 weeks of experimental feeding. A decrease in the dietary inclusion levels of Cu from 20 to 10 and 2 mg kg−1 did not reduce the body weights of turkeys at 42 and 98 days of age. In comparison with the remaining treatments, the lowest dietary inclusion level of Cu significantly decreased MDA concentrations in small intestinal tissue (P=0.002) and in the bursa of Fabricius (P=0.001). The replacement of Cu-SUL with Cu-NPs differentially modulated the redox status of selected tissues, i.e., enhanced SOD activity in small intestinal tissue (P=0.001) and decreased total glutathione levels in the bursa of Fabricius (P=0.005). In general, neither the different levels nor sources of additional dietary Cu (main factors) exerted negative effects on the histological structure of the duodenum and jejunum in turkeys. The intestinal digestibility of Cu increased with decreasing dietary Cu levels, and as a consequence, the highest apparent digestibility coefficient of Cu (and zinc) was noted in turkeys fed diets with the addition of 2 mg kg−1 Cu-NPs. Therefore, the environmental burden of excreted Cu was substantially reduced along with decreasing dietary Cu levels but it did not depend on the Cu source.
Genome-Wide Association Study of Weaning Traits in Lori-Bakhtiari Sheep
Authors: Almasi Mohammad , Zamani Pouya , Mirhoseini Seyed Ziaeddin , Moradi Mohammad Hossein
Published: February 2020

Weaning traits, including preweaning daily gain (PWDG) and weaning weight (WW) are important economic traits, especially for meat type mammals, with high impacts on growth performance and survival rate in higher ages. This study was conducted to perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on weaning traits in a meat type breed of sheep. Body weight records of 7557 Lori-Bakhtiari sheep with PWDG and WW records were used to estimate breeding values (EBVs) using an animal mixed model. A total of 132 animals were selected by two-tailed selection strategy, based on EBVs for body weight and then were genotyped using Illumina 50k Ovine SNP chip. After quality control, a total of 130 animals and 41323 SNPs were remained for further analyses. De-regressed estimates of breeding values were used as a pseudo-phenotype in GWAS analysis. Based on Bonferroni-adjusted p-values, five SNPs, located on chromosomes 2, 3, 4, 12 and 22 were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with weaning traits and accounted for 5.06% and 0.37% of total genetic variations of PWDG and WW, respectively. Two SNPs on chromosomes 2 and 3 were located near to previously reported QTLs for weaning traits. Three genes, including ANGPTL7, mTOR and WDR11, were found within 50 kbp distances from the significant SNPs and thus could be considered as candidate genes for weaning traits. The detected QTLs and candidate genes could be studied for construction of breeding programs for genetic improvement of growth performance in meat type sheep.
The Effects of Fish Feed Supplemented with Azolla Meal on the Growth Performance, Digestive Enzyme Activity, and Health Condition of Genetically-Improved Farmed Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Magouz Fawzy I. , Dawood Mahmoud A.O. , Salem Mahmoud F.I. , Mohamed Ayman A.I.
Published: February 2020

Azolla meal was included in fish feed at different levels (10%, 20%, and 30%) and was fed to genetically-improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) for 90 days. The obtained results demonstrated that the final body weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate decreased significantly in fish fed 30% Azolla (P<0.05), while tilapia fed 10% and 20% did not differ significantly from those of the control (P>0.05). However, the feed conversion ratio increased significantly in fish fed 30% Azolla (P<0.05), while tilapia fed 10% and 20% did not differ significantly from those of the control (P>0.05). The body proximate analysis, amylase, lipase, protease, blood phagocytic index, and phagocytic and lysozyme activity were not affected by the inclusion of Azolla in tilapia diets and remained similar to those of the control group (P>0.05). The villus length of the foregut was not significantly affected by Azolla inclusion in tilapia diets (P>0.05). In the midgut, the villus length significantly (P<0.05) increased in fish fed Azolla at 20% and 30% compared to the control, with no differences from those fed at 10% (P>0.05). The villus length significantly (P<0.05) increased in the hind gut in fish fed Azolla at 30 % compared to the control, with no differences from those fed at 10% and 20% (P>0.05). The mucosal length of the tilapia foregut significantly (P<0.05) increased in fish fed Azolla at 10% compared to the control, with no differences from those fed at 20% and 30% (P>0.05). In the foregut and hindgut, the number of goblet cells significantly increased in fish fed Azolla at 3% compared to the control, with no differences from those fed at 10% and 20% (P>0.05), while in the midgut, the number of goblet cells significantly (P<0.05) increased in fish fed Azolla at 20% and 30% compared to the control, with no differences from those fed at 10% (P>0.05). Feeding tilapia with Azolla resulted in normal hematological and biochemical functions, with insignificant differences for the measured parameters except for the red blood cell count, which significantly (P<0.05) increased in fish fed Azolla at 20% compared to the control, with no differences from those fed at 20% and 30%.
Environmental Life-Cycle Assessment of Arable Crop Production Technologies Compared to Different Harvesting Work Systems in Short Rotation Energy Plantations
Authors: Polgár András , Kovács Zoltán , Fodor Veronika Elekné , Bidló András
Published: February 2020

Environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) was developed as a tool for sustainable, decision-supporting environmental management. Applying agricultural sector-LCA in order to achieve both internal (comparative) and external (efficiency enhancing) benefits is a priority. Since the life-cycle assessment of products and processes attracts great interest, applying the method in agriculture is relevant. Our study undertakes a comparative environmental life-cycle assessment (LCA) of local arable crop production technologies used for the main cultivated plants: maize, sunflower, lucerne, cereals, and canola (environmental data in the territorial approach calculated on a 1 ha unit and in the quantitative approach calculated on 1 t of produce). We prepared an environmental inventory of the arable crop production technologies, constructed the life-cycle models, and executed the impact assessment. We also compiled an environmental ranking of technologies. In the impact interpretation, we compared the results with the values of short rotation energy plantations in each impact category. We analysed carbon footprints closely. The obtained results help better assess environmental impacts, climate risks, and climate change as they pertain to arable crop production technologies, which advances the selection of appropriate technologies adjusted to environmental sensitivities.
On the Chow ring of certain Fano fourfolds
Authors: Laterveer Robert
Published: February 2020

We prove that certain Fano fourfolds of K3 type constructed by Fatighenti–Mongardi have a multiplicative Chow–Künneth decomposition. We present some consequences for the Chow ring of these fourfolds.
A New Approach for Thermal Resistance Prediction of Different Composition Plain Socks in Wet State (Part 2)
Authors: Mansoor Tariq , Hes Lubos , Bajzik Vladimir
Published: February 2020

Socks’ comfort has vast implications in our everyday living. This importance increased when we have undergone an effort of low or high activity. It causes the perspiration of our bodies at different rates. In this study, plain socks with different fiber composition were wetted to a saturated level. Then after successive intervals of conditioning, these socks are characterized by thermal resistance in wet state at different moisture levels. Theoretical thermal resistance is predicted using combined filling coefficients and thermal conductivity of wet polymers instead of dry polymer (fiber) in different models. By this modification, these mathematical models can predict thermal resistance at different moisture levels. Furthermore, predicted thermal resistance has reason able correlation with experimental results in both dry (laboratory conditions moisture) and wet states.
Experimental Study on Dyeing Performance and Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticle-Immobilized Cotton Woven Fabric
Authors: Tania Imana Shahrin , Ali Mohammad , Bhuiyan Riyadh Hossen
Published: February 2020

The purposes of the current research were to deposit the silver nanoparticles on the surface of a textile woven fabric and evaluate their dyeing performance and antibacterial activity. The synthesis of silver nanoparticle (Ag°) is done by the in situ method. Strong alkali is used to improve functionality of cellulose before the application of silver nitrate salt (AgNO3). The silver nanoparticle is formed by reduction of ascorbic acid. Various instrumental analyses are done to prove the formation of nanoparticles on the fabric surface. The morphology of nanodeposited fabric is characterized by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), elemental composition is done by energy dispersive spectroscopy, and crystallinity of nanoparticles is obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Nanodeposited fabric is then dyed with direct dyestuff (Direct Red-89). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis is done to explore the bonding phenomena of un-dyed and dyed fabrics. The dyeing performance and antibacterial activity are examined on the colored fabric to investigate the dyed fabric quality after nanoparticle deposition. Results demonstrate the improvement of 54% of color strength and 11% of dye exhaustion with excellent antibacterial activity.
Experimental Investigation of the Properties of Laminated Nonwovens Used for Packaging of Powders in Mineral Warmers
Authors: Irzmańska E. , Jurczyk-Kowalska M. , Bil M. , Płocińska M.
Published: February 2020

The study involved laminated nylon and viscose nonwovens, both perforated and non-perforated, with a view to using them for packaging of powders in mineral warmers. The nonwovens were examined in terms of morphology as well as tensile strength in dry and wet states. Thermal properties were determined by differential scanning calorimetry. Dynamic mechanical analysis was carried out in a broad range of temperatures. Surface wettability and water vapor permeability were assessed. The findings were analyzed to determine the utility of the studied materials as mineral warmer packaging materials in cold work or living environments.
Women Survivors of the Armenian Genocide: Liberation and Relief at the Aleppo Rescue Home
Authors: Gzoyan Edita
Published: February 2020

Genocide perpetrated against the Armenian population of the Ottoman Empire was both gender-oriented and age-oriented. The Armenian male population was generally killed before or at the beginning of deportation, while women and children, as well as being massacred, were also subjected to different forms of physical and sexual violence during the death marches. Children were also forcibly transfered to the enemy group, while women were abducted or forcibly married. The experiences and fates of Armenian women and children offer a perspective on how complex and multi-faceted the phenomenon of genocide is. Based on the surveys of rescued Armenian women kept in the archives of the League of Nations, this article will present the fate of women during and after the Armenian Genocide.
Possible ameliorating effects of Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) on the sperm parameters in rats under high fat diet
Authors: Ghorbanlou Mehrdad , Rostamkhani Somaye , Shokri Saeed , Mahmazi Sanaz , Fallah Ramazan , Moradi Fateme , Nejatbakhsh Reza
Published: February 2020

Objectives. Adverse effects of obesity, which is caused by an imbalance between the energy intake and expenditure, on the male reproductive system have been reported. Considering the anti-obesity effect of Glycyrrhiza Glabra (GC), we conducted this study to elucidate whether it can ameliorate the sperm parameters.

Methods. In this experimental study, male Wistar rats of 6–8 weeks old were divided into four groups: control, high fat diet (HFD), GC50 (HFD plus 50 mg/kg GC extract), and GC100 (HFD plus 100 mg/kg GC extract). During the 16 weeks of the study course, the rats consumed the extract through gavage, daily. Body mass index (BMI), body weight gain, serum lipid profile, leptin concentration, and sperm parameters were investigated. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (post hoc Tukey) to express the significance of mean differences of variables between groups, and linear regression test was used to express the correlation model of variables. Both tests were performed by SPSS software; p≤0.05 was considered significant.

Results. BMI was significantly decreased by the GC50 and GC100 groups compared to HFD group. GC50 group considerably decreased leptin level compared to HFD group. A significant positive correlation between leptin and triglyceride levels was evident. GC50 and GC100 extensively increased the total sperm motility and ameliorated the sperm abnormal morphology and count compared to HFD group.

Conclusion.
Glycyrrhiza Glabra extract may exert its ameliorating effects on the sperm parameters through its anti-obesity impact. Both doses of the extract were effective, however, the GC100 was more effective in improving the sperm parameters.
Silencing of NAMPT leads to up-regulation of insulin receptor substrate 1 gene expression in U87 glioma cells
Authors: Tsymbal Daria O. , Minchenko Dmytro O. , Luzina Olena Y. , Riabovol Olena O. , Danilovskyi Serhiy V. , Minchenko Oleksandr H.
Published: February 2020

Objective. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of adipokine NAMPT (nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase) silencing on the expression of genes encoding IRS1 (insulin receptor substrate 1) and some other proliferation related proteins in U87 glioma cells for evaluation of the possible significance of this adipokine in intergenic interactions.

Methods. The silencing of NAMPT mRNA was introduced by NAMPT specific siRNA. The expression level of NAMPT, IGFBP3, IRS1, HK2, PER2, CLU, BNIP3, TPD52, GADD45A, and MKI67 genes was studied in U87 glioma cells by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Anti-visfatin antibody was used for detection of NAMPT protein by Western-blot analysis.

Results. It was shown that the silencing of NAMPT mRNA led to a strong down-regulation of NAMPT protein and significant modification of the expression of IRS1, IGFBP3, CLU, HK2, BNIP3, and MKI67 genes in glioma cells and a strong up-regulation of IGFBP3 and IRS1 and down-regulation of CLU, BNIP3, HK2, and MKI67 gene expressions. At the same time, no significant changes were detected in the expression of GADD45A, PER2, and TPD52 genes in glioma cells treated by siRNA specific to NAMPT. Furthermore, the silencing of NAMPT mRNA suppressed the glioma cell proliferation.

Conclusions. Results of this investigation demonstrated that silencing of NAMPT mRNA with corresponding down-regulation of NAMPT protein and suppression of the glioma cell proliferation affected the expression of IRS1 gene as well as many other genes encoding the proliferation related proteins. It is possible that dysregulation of most of the studied genes in glioma cells after silencing of NAMPT is reflected by a complex of intergenic interactions and that NAMPT is an important factor for genome stability and regulatory mechanisms contributing to the control of glioma cell metabolism and proliferation.
The structure of forest stands in the Tatra National Park: The results of 2016–2017 inventory
Authors: Bodziarczyk Jan , Szwagrzyk Jerzy , Zwijacz-Kozica Tomasz , Zięba Antoni , Szewczyk Janusz , Gazda Anna
Published: February 2020

The composition and structure of forest stands in the Tatra National Park were examined using data gathered in 2016 and 2017 from 617 circular sample plots (0.05 ha each). The diameter at breast height of all living trees, standing dead trees, snags, and wind throws was measured along with diameters and lengths of fallen logs within the plot boundaries. Tree height was measured for all living trees within the core (0.01 ha) of the sample plots. Using the obtained data, height-diameter curves were calculated for all major tree species and in the case of spruce, the height-diameter relationships were also calculated separately for each of the three elevation zones (up to 1200 m, between 1200 and 1400 m, above 1400 m). For each elevation zone and park protection zone, we also determined the volumes of live and dead trees. The volume of living trees in the Tatra National Park amounted to 259 m3/ha, which was higher than the volume of dead trees (176 m3/ha). Snags constituted the largest part of the dead wood whilst over 97% of the standing dead trees were spruce Picea abies. Among living trees, the share of spruce ranged from 81% in the low elevation zone to 98% in the middle zone. Other significant species in the lower zone were Abies alba (11%) and Fagus sylvatica (4.5%), while in the middle and upper elevation zones only Sorbus aucuparia occurred in significant numbers. Furthermore, in the lower elevation zone, Fagus sylvatica was the only species displaying significantly higher volumes in the ‘strict protection’ zone compared to the other park areas. In the ‘landscape protection’ zone, Picea abies was the most dominant species and the share of other species in the lowest elevation zones calculated based on tree density was smaller than calculated based on tree volume, indicating problems with stand conversion from spruce monoculture to mixed forest.
Breeding avifauna of the forest interior and forest edge in the Borki Forest
Authors: Rąkowski Grzegorz , Czarnocki Krzysztof
Published: February 2020

The composition and structure of breeding bird communities in the Borki Forest in North-Eastern Poland were investigated separately in the forest interior (years 2012–2014) and at the forest edge (years 2016–2018). In both areas, bird censuses were carried out on three plots located in mature oak-hornbeam, ash-alder and mixed coniferous forest stands. Plots were selected to cover similar forest types, encompass stands of similar age and to have similar acreage, both, in the forest interior and at the forest edge. A standard combined mapping technique for estimating the number of breeding birds was applied and a total of 97 bird species were found to have bred at least once within any plot. Regardless of the forest type, both the number of breeding bird species and the population densities were higher on plots situated at the forest edge than in the forest interior. The mean number of breeding species was over 20% higher and the mean total density of breeding pairs was higher by over 30%. Total population densities on the plots located at the forest edge were higher as a result of an increase in population densities of some individual bird species combined with an increase in the number of breeding species, including non-forest and non-typical forest interior species. The number of nesting species in the edge zone was higher than in the forest interior with common species and generalists clearly dominating. Specialist species typical of natural forests as well as rare and endangered species, such as three-toed woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus), white-backed woodpecker (Dendrocopos leucotos), collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis) and red-breasted flycatcher (Ficedula parva), for whom the Borki Forest is an important breeding site in Poland were less numerous. Despite the observed differences and a clear edge effect, bird assemblages inhabiting research plots in the forest interior and at the edge were not fundamentally different. We conclude that the edge zone is inhabited by a poorer-quality variant of bird assemblage typical of forest interior, enriched quantitatively by non-forest species associated with open and/or semi-open areas as well as by synanthropic species.
Harvester efficiency in trunk utilisation and log quality of early thinning pine trees
Authors: Mederski Piotr S. , Werk Konrad , Bembenek Mariusz , Karaszewski Zbigniew , Brunka Mariusz , Naparty Kwiryn
Published: February 2020

Obtaining high harvester efficiency in young pine stands during early thinning is achallenging management practice. One of the difficulties lies in achieving the optimal use of the tree trunk for assortments and obtaining satisfactory timber quality. The objective of this research was to find out 1) how much of the tree trunk can be processed by a harvester to produce logs, and 2) the quality of the assortments in terms of log length accuracy and delimbing quality. The work was carried out in a 31-year-old pine stand in northern Poland with the Vimek 404 5T harvester with the Keto Forst Silver head for early thinning. Eighty sample plots were set up within the stand for detailed tree analysis after harvesting. The total length of the assortments from each tree was measured as well as the minimal top diameter (under bark). Additionally, the lengths of the bottom, middle and top logs were measured as well as the height of the knots after delimbing. On average, 70% of the total tree height was used for assortments and logs were processed up to a mean top diameter of 5.3 cm under bark. The length accuracy was very high: 90% of the logs had the expected length, more than 9% had a commercially acceptable length, while only 0.7% of the logs were too long. After delimbing, the knots were of a maximum height of 2 cm. Using the Vimek 404 5T harvester in the 31-year-old pine stand was an effective solution for trunk processing and obtaining quality assortments.
The use of non-wood forest products and forest tourism in Belarus
Authors: Marozau Aleh , Kowbasa Nikolaj
Published: February 2020

The aim of the research was to review the legal and regulatory framework that controls the use of non-wood forest products and tourism in forests in Belarus and to analyze current information on harvesting of non-wood forest products such as berries, mushrooms, birch sap, honey, medicinal plants, and minor forest resources as well as to study the state of ecotourism in the territory of the forest fund. We demonstrated that the legal base needs to be improved. In particular, the taxes should be redistributed from economic entities involved in collateral forest use to the Ministry of Forestry that manages the forests. Despite the increased anthropogenic impact on understory layers and the adverse global climatic changes of recent decades, the productive capacity of non-wood forest resources in Belarus remains significant. Nevertheless, the resources are not exploited appropriately, although the demand for products in the domestic and foreign markets is consistently high. In this regard, it is necessary to create suitable conditions for stakeholders, including those possessing foreign capital, to participate in economic activity, whilst preserving the coordinating and controlling functions of the Ministry of Forestry as it is the main forest fund holder in the country. Efforts are also being made to develop infrastructure for ecotourism in forests. However, the level of marketing activities aimed at promoting and providing consumers with available tourist products and services does not meet modern requirements.
The Forest Market – Income Methods for Determining the Value of Forest Resources
Authors: Klocek Andrzej , Zając Stanisław
Published: February 2020

This article describes the methods for estimating the value of a forest, the accuracy of which is critical for purchases and sales, credit security, determining the shares in the division of forest real estate, as well as in determining the amount of compensation for losses in forest property. Compensation for property losses also includes past events that occurred before the Second World War, such as nationalization or loss of the forests in the eastern territories of the Second Polish Republic due to border changes. An equally important objective of forest valuation, which has recently gained in importance, is the inclusion of its value in a forest holding balance sheet. However, due to the lack of fully objective market prices for forest property, this work focused on the analysis of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the forest market and the methods of calculating the income (rent) value of the forest. Examples of commercial transactions from the forest market in the USA, Austria and Germany are included.

The study presents a historical outline of forest valuation with particular emphasis on methods based on the income value, including forest rents. Furthermore, we discuss the formula of the perpetual capitalization of annuity and periodic annuity, including the impact of various net income calculations, that is, in arrears or in advance
Aspekte der Mehrsprachigkeit in Christian Hallers Roman Die verschluckte Musik
Authors: Sczuka Andrea
Published: February 2020

This study analyses the role of the Romanian language in Christian Hallers novel Die verschluckte Musik (2008). The Romanian words are linked to the content and symbolical context, and also to intimacy or strangeness. Single words and expressions are connected to memories and rituals. For the family residing in Bucharest they are everyday elements. By migration they become cultural artefacts, are included in family stories. In the new home country Switzerland, the Romanian language is an element of intimacy. The language is also a method of exclusion and dissociation. Ruth, the first-person narratorʼs mother, is excluded in Bucharest until she learns the national language. In the Swiss environment the already familiar Romanian language is for Ruth a method of dissociation. For the first-person narrator, the few Romanian words are details connected to gastronomic culture which distinguish him from the Swiss environment. While travelling through Bucharest, the Romanian language becomes a method of exclusion, it is connected to an area that was not attainable for a long period. His journey updates the language for him.
Übersetzung und Kulturtransfer in der frühen Zwischenkriegszeit in den Zeitschriften Ostland und Klingsor
Authors: Hegyi Noémi
Published: February 2020

After the First Wald War, the community of Transyvanian Saxons found itself in a new political context. This study analyses cultural representations as both self-identification and cultural dialogue in two of the main publications in German language of the early inter-war period, the cultural journals Ostland and Klingsor. Literary translations and the representation of other literatures through the selection of authors and texts are also subjects of this study.
Die Sprache als Mittel der Enthüllung: Hypokrisie und Ideologie in Die letzten Tage der Menschheit von Karl Kraus
Authors: Tvardochlib Mădălina
Published: February 2020

This article focuses on the relationship that the famous 20th century Viennese satirist Karl Kraus had with the major newspapers, particularly Die Neue Freie Presse. The aim is to argue that the language was the main means by which Karl Kraus unmasked the hypocrisy and ideology of Bourgeois Viennese society. In language he found both the problem and the solution to his social criticism, the central points of which represent the foreshadowing of his monumental World War I-drama, The Last Days of Mankind. The analysis of two characters in the play, Alice Schalek and Moritz Benedikt, shows us how Kraus used language to expose them as archetypes of their Zeitgeist.
Toponyme im siebenbürgischen Unterwald / Terra ante Silvanum
Authors: Nistor Adina-Lucia
Published: February 2020

The aim of the present paper is to analyse the trilingual Transylvanian toponyms (German, Hungarian an d Romanian) from the Terra ante Silvanum (The Realm Beneath the Forest) and to reconstruct and explain them.

When the Saxons arrived in Transylvania, in the 12th Century, they met Szekler, Hungarian and Romanian ethnic groups. The Realm Beneath the Forest represents, from a historical point of view, the Western border of the Transylvanian territory inhabited by the Saxons, which was not a compact area and which was divided into three districts

(Sibiu, Brașov, and Bistrița) and two ‘seats’ (Mediaș and Șeica). The Realm Beneath the Forest included three ‘seats’ (Lat. sedes, judicial and administrative forums): Orăștie, Sebeș and Miercurea Sibiului.

All the areas of the Realm Beneath the Forest, both those inhabited by German and/or Hungarian and Romanian populations and those inhabited only by Romanian people, have corresponding toponyms in all three languages.

The toponyms Orăștie, Romos, Aurel Vlaicu, Pianul de Jos, Petrești, Sebeș, Câlnic, Reciu, Gârbova, Dobârca, Miercurea Sibiului, Apoldu de Sus, Amnaș that are analysed in the paper can be classified according to the following criteria: according to their founder, to the river that flows through the area, to the local toponyms, to their origin and their way of formation.

A series of toponyms contributed to the apparition of some autochthonous family names such as Broser, Hamlescher, Kellinger, Mühlbächer, Polder, Rätscher, Urbiger.
Deutsch in der Wissenschaft und Wissensproduktion
Authors: Sava Doris
Published: February 2020

Based on thecurrentacademic activities, the dominance of American English in science culture, and on the hereto related suppression of the traditional scientific multilingualism, the article deliberates on the relevance of German in the international knowledge industry. Given the increased demand for the MINT-subjects (Mathematics, Informatics, Natural sciences and Technology) and the exclusive promotion of English as (the only) science language in the globalization tide, fact that is mirrored in the altered publication practice, one must necessarily ask, wheth er there is still a future ahead for German as a science language or for German in science.
Enikö Dácz (Hg.): Räumliche Semantisierungen. Raumkonstruktionen in den deutschsprachigen Literaturen aus Zentral- und Südosteuropa im 20.-21. Jahrhundert. Regensburg: Verlag Friedrich Pustet 2018 (Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für deutsche Kultur und Geschichte Südosteuropas an der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Band 135). ISBN 978-3-7917-2899-5.
Authors: Bican Bianca
Published: February 2020

In this conference volume, edited by Enikö Dácz, scholars from Germany, Croatia, Romania, Hungary, Slovenia, and the United States analyze German-speaking literature from Central and South-Eastern Europe within the theoretical framework of regional and immigration studies.
Enikő Dácz und Christina Rossi, Hgg. Wendemanöver. Beiträge zum Werk Richard Wagners. Mit literarischen Texten von Felicitas Hoppe, Johann Lippet und Richard Wagner. IKGS/Verlag Friedrich Pustet, 2018.
Authors: Glajar Valentina
Published: February 2020

This edited volume is in part based on a conference organized at the West-Timisoara University in October 2016. The conference marked the 60th anniversary of the establishment of a German program at this university, and dedicated a section to the life and work of Richard Wagner, an alumnus of this very department, promotion of 1975. As Enikő Dácz und Christina Rossi explain, the essays have been organized chronologically according to aesthetic and thematic considerations, taking into account Wagner’s early poems and short prose, his essayistic and novelistic works. Given the scant Wagner scholarship, this book is meant as an invitation to discover and to inspire further research on this author’s multifaceted and challenging work.
The Feminisation of Tradition. The Case of the Ukrainian Minority in Poland
Authors: Herman Aleksandra
Published: February 2020

Research on the Ukrainian minority in Poland was conducted from a feminocentric perspective to break the masculinised perception of this minority. Multiple data in the research have demonstrated that over a span of three generations Ukrainian families have turned from patriarchal into matriarchal ones. Currently it is women who preserve and invent tradition, both in the private and the public sphere. This is an effect of the cultural change and of the disappearance of jobs previously done by men. The contemporary tradition of the minority as a whole rests on tasks and values previously ascribed to women.
“Should I Stay or Should I Go?” The Promise of Europe and Female Identity in Francesca (2009)
Authors: Baya Adina , Mădroane Irina Diana
Published: February 2020

Starting from the premise that intra-EU migration has generated a repertoire of representations, narratives and stances in Romanian public imagination, within a transnational context, the present article explores an area that has attracted little scholarly attention to date: Romanian New Cinema films that tackle this theme. The analysis focuses on “Francescaˮ (Bobby Păunescu, 2009), a film centred on a female character who is on the verge of deciding whether to emigrate or not. It examines how female identity and agency are shaped in connection to symbolic constructions of the “West” as a destination space for Romanian migrants, through modalities of expression specific to the New Romanian Cinema.
Power and Ridicule – Elena CeauȘescu in Communist Humour
Authors: Glăvan Gabriela
Published: February 2020

Although one of the most influential figures of Romanian Communism, Elena Ceaușescu has been the subject of a rather limited literature exploring her historical figure. I intend to revisit the political humour of Romanian communism in order to reveal the manners and strategies employed by this type of folklore in affirming the hyperbolized clichés that defined the dictator’s wife in the public mind of that age. I also intend to bring into discussion the common traditional prejudice that blamed Elena Ceaușescu for her husband’s catastrophic politics that impoverished and isolated Romania in the Eastern Bloc.
Fan Culture and Masculinity: Identity Construction of Persib Supporters
Authors: Prabasmoro Tisna , Ridwansyah Randy
Published: February 2020

Linking the local practices that are used to build an apparently shared identity and generate personal and group attachment towards ʽPersibʼ, a local football club in West Java Indonesia, we examine ʽbobotohʼ that use football and football fan clubs as means of creating an in-group–out-group identity. We examine concepts of fandom, identity construction and masculinity to demonstrate how the bias becomes a unifying element that can provoke conflicts. We argue that ʽbobotohʼ and ʽPersibʼ become one of the most central sites of masculine performance in West Java and socialize Sundanese boys into values, attitudes, and skills valorised as masculine to help facilitate their acceptance into social groups.
Specialisation Vs Diversification. Which One Better Upholds Regional Resilience to Economic Crises?
Authors: Goschin Zizi
Published: February 2020

As economic crises periodically disrupt the economic activity, a large and continuously growing literature was dedicated to understanding the reasons behind the crises, their mechanism, effects and, most of all, the determinants of resilience capacity, and the ability to overcome hardships by adapting and changing. By preparing in advance for economic shocks through resilience building during good times, the impact of economic crises can be attenuated. Starting from these considerations, the paper focuses on regional economic specialization and its opposite – economic diversification, two business strategies already acknowledged in the literature as relevant factors for the capacity to mitigate economic crises. We tested the hypothesis of vulnerability-inducing economic specialization in the Romanian economy, using NUTS3 level data and found that more diversified regional economies were better at coping with the hardships triggered by the recent recession.
The New Foreign-Policy Pendulum: Geopolitical Codes of German Foreign Policy in the Post-bipolar World Order
Authors: Fard Rebin
Published: February 2020

This article deals with the question of how German foreign policy can be characterized from a geopolitical perspective in an era in which the constellation of world politics is undergoing change, as evidenced by the conflict in Ukraine, shift in US foreign policy under President Trump and the on-going Brexit negotiations. In order to identify changes in the geopolitical orientation of German foreign policy and sketch a profile of German foreign policy, the article includes official German government documents. It can be concluded from the study that the geopolitical codes of German foreign policy are of a varying character, and can be characterized into three geopolitical spatial structures: the Atlantic, European and Eurasian regions. In terms of the geopolitical orientation of German foreign policy, the Federal Government develops German strategy in a multipolar world system, in which it aims to turn Europe into a world power. While the continued existence of NATO remains a goal of German foreign policy, the Federal Government, in unison with France, seeks a multipolar world order, in which Germany and France assume leading roles within the European spatial structure, and are liberated from US supremacy in the transatlantic spatial structure.
Authoritarian Liberalism in Contemporary Europe: methodological approaches and conceptual models
Authors: Popov Maxim
Published: February 2020

The author conducts a comparative analysis of authoritarian liberalism’s concepts in contemporary political theory. The paper deals with the main directions of interpretation of authoritarian liberalism in the framework of methodological approaches and conceptual models of neoliberalism, ordoliberalism, political liberalism, J.-W. Mueller’s ‘restrained democracy’, J. Habermas’ ‘legitimation crisis’, C. Crouch’s ‘post-democracy’, C. Macpherson’s ‘participatory democracy’, M. Wilkinson’s ‘dedemocratisation and delegalisation’, W. Streeck’s ‘democratic capitalism crisis’ and G. Majone’s ‘crypto-federalism’. The basic analytical concept is the idea of authoritarian economic liberalism, first proposed by H. Heller and K. Polanyi. This paper will sub-stantiate that in crisis and transformational periods the actualisation of authoritarian liberalism corresponds to the fundamental tension between market capitalism and representative democracy. The author conceptualises authoritarian liberalism as the practice of dedemocratisation and restrained democracy, which results in the regionalisation of radical protest against the supranational regime of political integration in Europe. Latent political authoritarianism strengthens economic liberalism, which, in turn, reinforces the further EU’s ‘liberal authoritarian transformation’. Authoritarian liberalism restricts traditional forms of representative democracy, contributing to the reanimation of populism and political radicalism. The authoritarian restriction of representative democracy can lead not only to the strengthening of market capitalism, but also to the revival of reactionary forms of ‘new nationalism’ and illiberalism. Today, the EU’s regime is transformed from a nominally rule-based structure supported by market discipline into a ‘discretionary order’ reinforced by bureaucratic power. The EU’s transnational solidarity can become a democratically legitimate tool for a de-escalation of tensions between market capitalism and representative democracy.
Visegrad Group and its Presence in the Mashriq Region
Authors: Döring Franziska
Published: February 2020

This paper provides an outline about Hungary’s, Poland’s, Slovakia’s and Czechia’s relationships to the Mashriq region, especially Jordan, Israel and Egypt. The Central and Eastern European countries are considered both individually and collectively in the Visegrád group (V4). Therefore quantitative and qualitative indicators are examined. As one result it was found that in most cases the V4 had no common interests and consequently did not formulate common positions. But finally, the results of this work suggest that the migration crisis has indeed increased the interest of the Visegrád countries in the Mashriq and has accelerated their involvement to some extent both in the Mashriq region and within the European Union.
(Un)Trendy Japan: Twitter bots and the 2017 Japanese general election
Authors: Mintal Jozef Michal , Vancel Róbert
Published: February 2020

Social networking services (SNSs) can significantly impact public life during important political events. Thus, it comes as no surprise that different political actors try to exploit these online platforms for their benefit. Bots constitute a popular tool on SNSs that appears to be able to shape public opinion and disrupt political processes. However, the role of bots during political events in a non-Western context remains largely under-studied. This article addresses the question of the involvement of Twitter bots during electoral campaigns in Japan. In our study, we collected Twitter data over a fourteen-day period in October 2017 using a set of hashtags related to the 2017 Japanese general election. Our dataset includes 905,215 tweets, 665,400 of which were unique tweets. Using a supervised machine learning approach, we first built a custom ensemble classification model for bot detection based on user profile features, with an area under curve (AUC) for the test set of 0.998. Second, in applying our model, we estimate that the impact of Twitter bots in Japan was minor overall. In comparison with similar studies conducted during elections in the US and the UK, the deployment of Twitter bots involved in the 2017 Japanese general election seems to be significantly lower. Finally, given our results on the level of bots on Twitter during the 2017 Japanese general election, we provide various possible explanations for their underuse within a broader socio-political context.
Selected qualities of mobile maps for indoor navigation
Authors: Gotlib Dariusz
Published: February 2020

The map is the key element in any navigation system. The dynamic growth of indoor navigation systems requires improvements in quality not only of positioning systems but also of maps of building interiors. Most emergent solutions in this field do not use cartographic knowledge. Cartographic methodology for representing building interiors is still in its initial stages of development. Its proper use may, however, be of great importance to the effectiveness of indoor navigation. The author presents important features that indoor mobile maps should possess, for both the data model and the presentation method to be used. In this context, the question of the contemporary definition of a map is also discussed.
Cartographic image of “wandering streets and their names” in Lublin (in the 20th and 21st century) – verification of a research method
Authors: Konopska Beata , Kowalski Dawid
Published: February 2020

The authors’ main goal is to highlight the additional research potential of the method of analysing changes in the routes and names of streets introduced by Paweł E. Weszpiński in 2012. The proposed method was based on the old city maps of Warsaw and, according to Weszpiński, described “wandering streets and their names”. Taking the changing routes and names of streets on Lublin city maps from the last century as the research subject, the authors demonstrate that the method can be used to analyse how urban spaces are perceived and how they function in the minds of local residents. The authors propose to modify the method by adding one more important factor – the function of the place or street affected by the “wandering”. They claim that the study of changes in streets’ topography, territorial scope and names should be supplemented each time with an analysis of the administrative, economic or social significance of the place.
Testing pragmatic inferences: The impact of language and culture
Authors: Carneiro Paula , Lapa Ana , Reis Júlia , Ramos Tânia
Published: February 2020

Pragmatic inferences are one way to study false memories in real-world situations. We aimed to investigate variances in responses to pragmatic implication sentences between Portuguese and American data, presenting, for the first time, normative data of cued recall and recognition for pragmatic implication sentences in Portuguese. In Study 1 we analyzed cued-recall data for Portuguese pragmatic sentences. The proportions of cued- recall for correct and inference responses of each sentence did not significantly correlate with the values of American normative data. In Studies 2a and 2b we analysed forced-recognition data for pragmatic sentences, one with American participants and English sentences (Study 2a) and the other with Portuguese participants and Portuguese sentences (Study 2b). Moreover, two conditions of sentences presentations were applied to eventually detect an influence of the sentences’ format, which was not find in both studies. The levels of recognition for correct and inferences were very similar between those two studies but the correlation, sentence by sentence, was low. Together, these results suggest an important recommendation for further studies - normed material for a specific language/culture is a crucial factor to be considered when conducting research on pragmatic inferences.
Temporal preparation in patients with Neglect syndrome
Authors: Triviño Mónica , Ródenas Estrella , Correa Ángel
Published: February 2020

The right parietal cortex has been widely associated with a spatial orienting network. Its damage frequently produces the Neglect syndrome consisting in deficits in spatial attention to the left hemifield. Neglect has also been related to temporal deficits (such as the estimation of the duration of a stimulus or the discrimination of two stimuli that occur at the same spatial location but at different time intervals). Such attentional deficits have been much less studied in the temporal as compared to the spatial domain. The current research focused on the study of temporal attention processes in patients with Neglect syndrome, specifically, on temporal preparation. We recruited 10 patients with Neglect syndrome, 10 patients without Neglect syndrome, as well as 11 healthy individuals. Each participant completed an experimental task which measures three main temporal preparation effects described in the literature: Temporal orienting and Foreperiod effects (both related to control mechanisms and prefrontal areas) and Sequential effects (automatic in nature and related to parietal and subcortical structures). The results showed a deficit in the sequential effects only in those patients who suffered from Neglect syndrome. The results suggest a causal relation between Neglect syndrome and the automatic mechanisms of temporal preparation. Since our sample of Neglect patients had suffered lesions mainly in the parietal cortex, the results are discussed taking into account the role of the parietal lobe in the processing of time and the models explaining sequential effects.