bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Voting for Jobbik and the Front National
Authors: Svitych Alexander
Published: April 2021

The article explores the perceptions of socio-economic change among voters of two European neo-nationalist parties: Jobbik in Hungary and Front National in France. Building on Karl Polanyi’s ‘double-movement’ framework, it advances the argument that marketization of societies is prone to: first, generate individual- and group-level psychological experiences of nostalgia, relative deprivation, and status frustration; and relatedly, second, engender a demand for political refuge in the form of populist nationalism. To empirically substantiate my propositions, I draw on a variety of public opinion data to find the signs of these demand-driven mechanisms. Overall, I find that voters from the working and lower middle-classes, made insecure by socio-economic transformations, have resorted to the neo-nationalist solution as an alternative system of identification, and as a coping strategy. Jobbik and Front National have politicized the frame of the ‘sovereign people’ in congruence with citizens’ perceived frustrations and vulnerabilities. The analysis also suggests that disenfranchised voters are more discontent with the experience of socio-economic decline, and the feeling of betrayal by the elites, than are essentially intolerant towards minorities.
Mental health literacy among adolescents: Evidence from a community-based study in Delhi
Authors: Ahmad Aftab , Salve Harshal Ramesh , Nongkynrih Baridalyne , Sagar Rajesh , Krishnan Anand
Published: April 2021

Background:

Mental Health Literacy (MHL) is the ability to recognize mental disorders, along with knowledge of professional help available, effective self-help strategies, skills to give support to others, and knowledge of how to prevent mental disorders. Adequate MHL is linked to better health-seeking behavior and management of mental illness.

Aim:

To assess the MHL related to depression and anxiety among adolescents of age 15 to 19 years residing in Delhi

Methods:

A survey was conducted among adolescents in southeast Delhi. MHL was assessed using sex-matched vignettes of Common Mental Disorders (CMDs) like depression and anxiety. MHL was assessed under domains of identifications of disorders, help-seeking behavior, knowledge about prevention, and stigmatizing attitude toward the respective illness. Statistical analysis was done in STATA and percentage of participants with adequate MHL in various domains was calculated, and difference between various groups was examined using chi-square test.

Results:

A total of 491 adolescents participated (response rate of 87.2%) of whom a 50.3% were girls and 57.8% were 15 to 17 years of age. Only 50 (10.2%) participants identified depression vignette as that of depression and 51 (10.4%) identified vignette of anxiety disorder as the same. No statistically significant gender differential in MHL was seen ( p value = .8). The stigmatizing attitude, assessed by asking a series of questions suggesting stigma toward the particular illness, was observed among almost all participants (depression -99.4%, and anxiety disorders -96.1%). 18.3% and 18.7% of participants reported correct knowledge about the prevention of depression and anxiety respectively. Four hundred and twenty-two (86%) identified the need to seek help for symptoms reported in vignettes. Of these, 234 (55%) preferred parents, and 62 (14.7%) look after friends for any help.

Conclusion:

Adolescents residing in Delhi reported poor MHL for Common Mental Disorders. High stigma and poor help-seeking behavior was also observed among the participants toward CMDs
Media ownership transparency in Europe: Closing the gap between European aspiration and domestic reality
Authors: Craufurd Smith Rachael , Klimkiewicz Beata , Ostling Alina
Published: April 2021

This article examines media ownership transparency through the lens of European human rights policy and evaluates media ownership transparency in over 30 European countries based on data returned to the Media Pluralism Monitor. Using these data, we examine the existence and quality of two types of disclosure, ‘upwards’, to public bodies and ‘downwards’, directly to the public, enabling both the monitory and informational functions of ownership transparency to be fulfilled. We conclude that regulation is patchy and variable across Europe and that a coordinated, multi-actor approach is necessary to give effect to internationally recognized standards in the field.
Combination Therapy in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension—Targeting the Nitric Oxide and Prostacyclin Pathways
Authors: Mandras Stacy , Kovacs Gabor , Olschewski Horst , Broderick Meredith , Nelsen Andrew , Shen Eric , Champion Hunter
Published: April 2021

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic and progressive disorder characterized by vascular remodeling of the small pulmonary arteries, resulting in elevated pulmonary vascular resistance and ultimately, right ventricular failure. Expanded understanding of PAH pathophysiology as it pertains to the nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2) (PGI2) and endothelin-1 pathways has led to recent advancements in targeted drug development and substantial improvements in morbidity and mortality. There are currently several classes of drugs available to target these pathways including phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5i), soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulators, prostacyclin class agents and endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs). Combination therapy in PAH, either upfront or sequentially, has become a widely adopted treatment strategy, allowing for simultaneous targeting of more than one of these signaling pathways implicated in disease progression. Much of the current treatment landscape has focused on initial combination therapy with ambrisentan and tadalafil, an ERA and PDE5I respectively, following results of the AMBITION study demonstrating combination to be superior to either agent alone as upfront therapy. Consequently, clinicians often consider combination therapy with other drugs and drug classes, as deemed clinically appropriate, for patients with PAH. An alternative regimen that targets the NO and PGI2 pathways has been adopted by some clinicians as an effective and sometimes preferred therapeutic combination for PAH. Although there is a paucity of prospective data, preclinical data and results from secondary data analysis of clinical studies targeting these pathways may provide novel insights into this alternative combination as a reasonable, and sometimes preferred, alternative approach to combination therapy in PAH. This review of preclinical and clinical data will discuss the current understanding of combination therapy that simultaneously targets the NO and PGI2 signaling pathways, highlighting the clinical advantages and theoretical biochemical interplay of these agents.
‘I don’t want to be known for it’: Girls, leadership role models and the problem of representation
Authors: Paule Michele , Yelin Hannah
Published: April 2021

An absence of role models in girlhood is a popularly cited cause of the shortage of women in decision-making positions in adulthood. The power of leadership exists in a close relationship with public visibility, and this relationship is regularly foregrounded in adult interventions that seek to stimulate girls’ leadership aspirations through the public pedagogy of role models. We explore the problematic nature of such popular solutions through a framework suggested by feminist critique of the ‘fetishisation’ of representation, by their media effects foundations and by their alignment with neoliberal logics. Drawing on group interview workshops conducted in five English state schools, we find that role-model solutions offer an overly simplistic view of girls’ engagements with public figures, and that they recognise neither the contemporary conditions of women’s visibility nor how such conditions regulate girls’ imaginings of power along axes of ‘race’ and class as well as gender.
Comprehensive transcriptional analysis reveals salt stress-regulated key pathways, hub genes and time-specific responsive gene categories in common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) roots
Authors: Shao An , Wang Wei , Fan Shugao , Xu Xiao , Yin Yanling , Erick Amombo , Li Xiaoning , Wang Guangyang , Wang Hongli , Fu Jinmin
Published: April 2021

Background

Despite its good salt-tolerance level, key genes and pathways involved with temporal salt response of common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) have not been explored. Therefore, in this study, to understand the underlying regulatory mechanism following the different period of salt exposure, a comprehensive transcriptome analysis of the bermudagrass roots was conducted.

Results

The transcripts regulated after 1 h, 6 h, or 24 h of hydroponic exposure to 200 mM NaCl in the roots of bermudagrass were investigated. Dataset series analysis revealed 16 distinct temporal salt-responsive expression profiles. Enrichment analysis identified potentially important salt responsive genes belonging to specific categories, such as hormonal metabolism, secondary metabolism, misc., cell wall, transcription factors and genes encoded a series of transporters. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that lavenderblush2 and brown4 modules were significantly positively correlated with the proline content and peroxidase activity and hub genes within these two modules were further determined. Besides, after 1 h of salt treatment, genes belonging to categories such as signalling receptor kinase, transcription factors, tetrapyrrole synthesis and lipid metabolism were immediately and exclusively up-enriched compared to the subsequent time points, which indicated fast-acting and immediate physiological responses. Genes involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis such as simple phenols, glucosinolates, isoflavones and tocopherol biosynthesis were exclusively up-regulated after 24 h of salt treatment, suggesting a slightly slower reaction of metabolic adjustment.

Conclusion

Here, we revealed salt-responsive genes belonging to categories that were commonly or differentially expressed in short-term salt stress, suggesting possible adaptive salt response mechanisms in roots. Also, the distinctive salt-response pathways and potential salt-tolerant hub genes investigated can provide useful future references to explore the molecular mechanisms of bermudagrass.
Correction to: The association of maternal-fetal attachment with smoking and smoking cessation during pregnancy in The FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Jussila Heidi , Pelto Juho , Korja Riikka , Ekholm Eeva , Pajulo Marjukka , Karlsson Linnea , Karlsson Hasse
Published: April 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Transfert du pouvoir épiscopal
Authors: Fournier-Plamondon Anne-Sophie
Published: April 2021

Précis

Cet article porte sur la transmission du pouvoir épiscopal dans la France du dix-septième siècle à partir de la correspondance d'Antoine Godeau (1605–72), évêque de Vence. Ce dernier a envoyé près d'une trentaine de lettres à son successeur potentiel, des lettres qui ont été éditées après la mort de leur auteur. Dans le cadre de cet article, cette correspondance est d'abord étudiée comme pratique d’écriture—la direction spirituelle—et de publication—la mise en recueil. Elle est localisée, en ce sens où ses différents lieux et temps de production et de circulation ont été analysés. Par la suite, son analyse révèle les opérations et les dynamiques par lesquelles un évêque en place transmet le pouvoir à son successeur.

Antoine Godeau (1605–72), bishop of Vence, wrote nearly thirty letters to a potential successor to his position, Louis de Thomassin. These letters, published after his death, offer remarkable insight into the transfer of episcopal power in seventeenth-century France. This article focuses first on the epistolary practices associated with spiritual direction and second on the process of collection and publication of the correspondence. Godeau's letters reflect the different places and times of their composition and circulation, and they demonstrate the efforts of a sitting bishop to transfer his power to his successor.
From class to placement
Authors: Parry Samuel
Published: April 2021

As he quickly nears his third year, Samuel Parry shares his excitement about now being able to confidently link together his studies from first year, with current modules and placements, and taking all of this into his future as a qualified paramedic.
A Rasch Model Analysis of the Psychometric Properties of the Student-Teacher Relationship Scale among Middle School Students
Authors: Alhadabi Amal , Aldhafri Said
Published: April 2021

The current study investigated Student-Teacher Relationship Measure (STRM) psychometric properties using Rasch analysis in a sample of middle school female students (N = 995). Rasch Principal Components Analysis revealed psychometric support of two subscales (i.e., Academic and Social Relations). Summary statistics showed good psychometric properties. The category structure and individual statistics (i.e., items and person infit and outfit) were not ideal. Category structure showed that the distances between adjacent thresholds were lower than optimal criteria. Even though findings indicated that items mean square statistics (MNSQ) were optimal, standardized fit statistics (i.e., ZSTD) reflected many misfit persons and items in each subscale. After eliminating the misfit persons and items, the two subscales met the Rasch optimal criteria. The updated short 22-item scale had good psychometric properties, high item and person separation, and good item and person reliability for the two subscales and can be used as a reliable and valid scale.
Nonlinear dynamics of continuously tunable optoelectronic oscillators based on stimulated Brillouin amplification
Authors: Ha Meenwook , Chembo Yanne K.
Published: April 2021

We present a theoretical analysis for tunable optoelectronic oscillators (OEOs) based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). A pump laser is used to generate a Brillouin gain which selectively amplifies a phase-modulated and contra-propagating laser signal. The radiofrequency beatnote generated after photodetection is filtered, amplified and fed back to the phase modulator to close the optoelectronic loop. Tunability is readily achieved by the adjustable detuning of the pump and signal lasers. OEOs based on stimulated Brillouin scattering have been successfully demonstrated at the experimental level, and they feature competitive phase noise performances along with continuous tunability for the output radiofrequency signal, up to the millimeter-wave band. However, the nonlinear dynamics of SBS-based OEOs remains largely unexplored at this date. In this article, we propose a model that describes the temporal dynamics of the microwave envelope, thereby allowing us to track the dynamics of the amplitude and phase of the radiofrequency signal. The corresponding nonlinear and time-delayed differential equation is then analyzed to reveal the underlying bifurcation behavior that emerges as the feedback gain is increased. It is shown that after the primary Hopf bifurcation that triggers the microwave oscillations, the system undergoes a secondary Neimark-Sacker bifurcation before fully developed chaos emerges for the highest gain values. We also propose a model for the chipscale version of this SBS-based OEO where the delay line is replaced by a highly nonlinear waveguide. The numerical simulations are found to be in excellent agreement with the analytical study.
A Council of Europe perspective on the European Union: Crucial and complex cooperation
Authors: Polakiewicz Jörg
Published: April 2021

The article addresses the institutional role of the EU in the Council of Europe, with particular emphasis on EU participation in Council of Europe treaties and EU accession to the ECHR. While recognising the joint effort to achieve greater unity in the region of Europe through respect for the shared core values of pluralist democracy, human rights and the rule of law, the concerns raised by non-Member States of the EU about the impact of EU law and policies on the Council of Europe’s standards are examined. It is argued that the Council of Europe and the EU have a shared responsibility for upholding the effectiveness of their respective frameworks and ensuring that any overlapping competences do not create conflict. This is particularly evident when it comes to the European system for the protection of fundamental rights, which is characterised by overlapping standards and procedures. The existing cooperation between the Council of Europe and the EU should be strengthened through a more rational, rules-based approach. In particular, it is suggested that the two systems should jointly agree on a series of basic principles on the treaty-making process, providing for horizontal application by the introduction of specific rules on, for example, voting and speaking rights of the EU, the sharing of reporting obligations between the EU and its Member States under Council of Europe monitoring mechanisms, and financial arrangements. The EU’s participation and financial contribution to monitoring follow-up should always be considered on a case-by-case basis, taking into account the specificities of each mechanism.
Structural relationships between self-regulated learning, teachers’ credibility, information and communications technology literacy and academic performance in blended learning
Authors: Yu Liang , Chen Shijian , Recker Mimi
Published: April 2021

This study investigated the structural relationships between self-regulated learning, teachers’ credibility, information and communications technology (ICT) literacy and academic performance in blended learning. The study sample comprised of 449 undergraduates who completed blended courses within the past 3 years and consisted of 53% males (N = 238) and 47% females (N = 211). Participants anonymously completed a 41-item questionnaire examining their self-regulated learning, perceptions of their teachers’ credibility, ICT literacy, academic performance and demographic background. Path analyses indicated that the relationship between subscales of teacher credibility (caring and trustworthiness) significantly related to academic performance except for competence. In addition, caring positively predicted trustworthiness, and ICT literacy predicted self-regulated learning. Self-regulated learning positively related to caring, trustworthiness and academic performance. The findings also highlighted that both caring and trustworthiness mediated the impact of self-regulated learning on academic performance.
International Historical Evidence on Money Growth and Inflation: The Role of High Inflation Episodes
Authors: Fratianni Michele , Gallegati Marco , Giri Federico
Published: April 2021

How long is the long run in the relationship between money growth and inflation? How important are high inflation episodes for the unit slope finding in the quantity theory of money? To answer these questions, we study the relationship between excess money growth and inflation over time and across frequencies using annual data from 1870 to 2013 for 16 developed countries. Wavelet-based exploratory analysis shows the existence of a close stable relationship between excess money growth and inflation only over long time horizons, i.e. periods greater than 16–24 years, with money growth mostly leading. When we investigate the sensitivity of the unit slope finding to inflation episodes using a “time-frequency-based” panel data approach, we find that low-frequency regression coefficients estimated over variable-length subsamples are largely affected by high inflation episodes occurring in the 1910s, the 1940s, and the 1970s. Taken together, our results suggest that inflationary upsurges affect regression coefficients, but not the closeness of the long-run relationship. This reconciles the validity of the quantity theory of money with the current disinterest of monetary policymaking in money growth.
Prognostic role of Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) measurement in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Aloisio Elena , Braga Federica , Puricelli Chiara , Panteghini Mauro
Published: April 2021

Objectives

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive interstitial disease with limited therapeutic options. The measurement of Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) glycoprotein has been proposed for evaluating the risk of IPF progression and predicting patient prognosis, but the robustness of available evidence is unclear.

Methods

We searched Medline and Embase databases for peer-reviewed literature from inception to April 2020. Original articles investigating KL-6 as prognostic marker for IPF were retrieved. Considered outcomes were the risk of developing acute exacerbation (AE) and patient survival. Meta-analysis of selected studies was conducted, and quantitative data were uniformed as odds ratio (OR) or hazard ratio (HR) estimates, with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

Twenty-six studies were included in the systematic review and 14 were finally meta-analysed. For AE development, the pooled OR (seven studies) for KL-6 was 2.72 (CI 1.22–6.06; p=0.015). However, a high degree of heterogeneity (I2=85.6%) was found among selected studies. Using data from three studies reporting binary data, a pooled sensitivity of 72% (CI 60–82%) and a specificity of 60% (CI 52–68%) were found for KL-6 measurement in detecting insurgence of AE in IPF patients. Pooled HR (seven studies) for mortality prediction was 1.009 (CI 0.983–1.036; p=0.505).

Conclusions

Although our meta-analysis suggested that IPF patients with increased KL-6 concentrations had a significant increased risk of developing AE, the detection power of the evaluated biomarker is limited. Furthermore, no relationship between biomarker concentrations and mortality was found. Caution is also needed when extending obtained results to non-Asian populations.
Accounting for Endogeneity in Regression Models Using Copulas: A Step-by-Step Guide for Empirical Studies
Authors: Papadopoulos Alecos
Published: April 2021

We provide a detailed presentation and guide for the use of Copulas in order to account for endogeneity in linear regression models without the need for instrumental variables. We start by developing the model from first principles of likelihood inference, and then focus on the Gaussian Copula. We discuss its merits and propose diagnostics to assess its validity. We analyze in detail and provide solutions to the various issues that may arise in empirical applications for applying the method. We treat the cases of both continuous and discrete endogenous regressors. We present simulation evidence for the performance of the proposed model in finite samples, and we illustrate its application by a short empirical study. A Supplementary File contains additional simulations and another empirical illustration.
Mental and somatic health in university students with type 1 diabetes: new results from DiaSHoT18, a cross sectional national health and well-being survey
Authors: Bratke Heiko , Sivertsen Børge
Published: April 2021

Objectives

To explore mental and somatic health, quality of life, alcohol-related problems, sleep problems, and diabetes related distress in university students with type 1 diabetes (T1D), compared to students without T1D. Further, we evaluated associations with gender, treatment modalities, and achieved metabolic control.

Methods

All fulltime Norwegian students aged 18–35 years pursuing higher education in 2018 (n=162.512) were invited into a comprehensive national survey on health and well-being. Students that stated having diabetes was asked further questions about their diabetes care.

Results

Of 49,684 participating students, 324 participants stated having T1D. Students with T1D did not show more mental or somatic health symptoms, or report a higher level of loneliness. However, T1D was significantly associated with lower quality of life (QoL). Students with good metabolic control reached the same QoL as students without T1D. Mental disorders and suicidality were associated with lacking metabolic control. The proportion of unhealthy drinking habits was generally low, and even lower in students with T1D. Sleeping patterns were generally good, but students using continuous glucose measurement were awakening more often during sleep. Females with T1D showed higher levels of diabetes related problems and distress, but good metabolic control was associated with lower diabetes distress level.

Conclusions

Students with T1D scored equally on most mental and somatic health scales. Their quality of life was significantly worse compared to their healthy peers. Knowledge on the impact of metabolic control, gender and the use of CSII and CGM can be valuable for the caretakers of young adults with T1D.
Analysis of cesarean section rates in two German hospitals applying the 10-Group Classification System
Authors: Pulvermacher Christina , Van de Vondel Patricia , Gerzen Lydia , Gembruch Ulrich , Welchowski Thomas , Schmid Matthias , Merz Waltraut M.
Published: April 2021

Objectives

In Germany, cesarean section (CS) rates more than doubled within the past two decades. For analysis, auditing and inter-hospital comparison, the 10-Group Classification System (TGCS) is recommended. We used the TGCS to analyze CS rates in two German hospitals of different levels of care.

Methods

From October 2017 to September 2018, data were prospectively collected. Unit A is a level three university hospital, unit B a level one district hospital. The German birth registry was used for comparison with national data. We performed two-sample Z tests and bootstrapping to compare aggregated (unit A + B) with national data and unit A with unit B.

Results

In both datasets (national data and aggregated data unit A + B), Robson group (RG) 5 was the largest contributor to the overall CS rate. Compared to national data, group sizes in RG 1 and 3 were significantly smaller in the units under investigation, RG 8 and 10 significantly larger. Total CS rates between the two units differed (40.7 vs. 28.4%, p<0.001). The CS rate in RG 5 and RG 10 was different (p<0.01 for both). The most relative frequent RG in both units consisted of group 5, followed by group 10 and 2a.

Conclusions

The analysis allowed us to explain different CS rates with differences in the study population and with differences in the clinical practice. These results serve as a starting point for audits, inter-hospital comparisons and for interventions aiming to reduce CS rates.
Knockdown of lncRNA TapSAKI alleviates LPS-induced injury in HK-2 cells through the miR-205/IRF3 pathway
Authors: Han Xiaoning , Yuan Zhiyong , Jing Yajun , Zhou Weigui , Sun Yunbo , Xing Jinyan
Published: April 2021

Sepsis is a common and lethal syndrome. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) transcript predicting survival in AKI (TapSAKI) has recently been found to serve as an important regulator in sepsis. However, the underlying mechanism of TapSAKI in sepsis pathogenesis remains largely unknown. Our data demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced HK-2 cell injury by weakening cell viability and enhancing cell apoptosis and inflammation. TapSAKI was upregulated and miR-205 was downregulated in LPS-induced HK-2 cells. TapSAKI knockdown or miR-205 overexpression alleviated LPS-induced cytotoxicity in HK-2 cells. TapSAKI sequestered miR-205 via acting as a miR-205 sponge. Moreover, the mitigating effect of TapSAKI silencing on LPS-induced HK-2 cell injury was mediated by miR-205. Additionally, the interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) signaling was involved in the regulation of the TapSAKI/miR-205 axis on LPS-induced HK-2 cell damage. Our current study suggested that TapSAKI silencing relieved LPS-induced injury in HK-2 cells at least in part by sponging miR-205 and regulating the IRF3 signaling pathway, highlighting a novel understanding for sepsis pathogenesis and a promising target for this disease treatment.
Fatal immune-related hepatitis with intrahepatic cholestasis and pneumonia associated with camrelizumab: A case report and literature review
Authors: Tan Youwen , Ye Yun , Chen Li
Published: April 2021

Camrelizumab (SHR-1210), a human monoclonal antibody against programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1), blocks the binding of PD-1 to PD-L1, consequently inhibiting immune system evasion by tumor cells. A 65-year-old man underwent radical esophagectomy 5 months ago following the diagnosis of esophageal cancer by gastroscopy. Approximately 40 days later, capecitabine was administered at a dosage of 1.5 g Po bid for 14 days, and anti-PD-1 (camrelizumab 200 mg) was administered twice. Around 20 days later, abnormal liver function was detected. He received a diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury. Chest computed tomography scanning revealed interstitial inflammatory lesions in both lower lungs. Liver biopsy revealed immune injury with ductopenia. Therefore, the diagnosis was revised as immune-related pneumonia and hepatitis associated with camrelizumab. The treatment regimen of methylprednisolone was adjusted to 40 mg/day and gradually increased to 80 mg/day. Mycophenolate mofetil was administered at a dose of 2 g/day. Consequently, chest tightness and shortness of breath resolved, and pulmonary inflammation improved. However, jaundice did not improve and continued to exacerbate. The last measured prothrombin time was 41 s, prothrombin activity was 19%, and the international normalized ratio was 4.03. The cause of death was diagnosed as liver failure, cardiopulmonary failure, and septic shock.
Temperature and effective alkali effect on brown pulp kraft cooking
Authors: Favaro Jaqueline Silveira Comelato , Ventorim Gustavo , de Oliveira Iliane Rodrigues , de Oliveira Cláudia Rodrigues
Published: April 2021

One way to obtain high quality pulp production is to improve selectivity delignification of step, maximize yield. Brown pulp yield and chemical composition were studied, with variation of temperature and effective alkali in Kraft cooking. Considering that these variables directly affect lignin removal rate and final product quality. Industrial wood chips from Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla hybrids were used in this study. The cooking was performed to obtain pulps with kappa number 13, 15 and 17 for temperatures 155 °C, 160 °C and 165 °C, using the same Factor H (695). Yields were analyzed according to: total yield, rejects content and screened pulp yield. Klason lignin content, wood and pulp sugars, levels of hexenuronic acids in pulp were also determined. Results indicate that lower cooking temperatures are beneficial in relation to cooking performance, selectivity and preservation of xylans. With a screened pulp yield of 57.1 % for KN 17 at the lowest temperature 155 ºC and 55.3 % at the same KN at 165 ºC. The lowest screened pulp yield obtained, 51 %, was for KN 13 at 165 ºC, with 54.1 % with the same KN at 155 ºC. Evidencing a decreasing linear trend of screened pulp yield with temperature increase and kappa number reduction.
Seidel energy of complete multipartite graphs
Authors: Oboudi Mohammad Reza
Published: April 2021

The Seidel energy of a simple graph G is the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of the Seidel matrix of G. In this paper we study the Seidel eigenvalues of complete multipartite graphs and find the exact value of the Seidel energy of the complete multipartite graphs.
The Totally Positive Completion Problem: The 3-by-n Case
Authors: Carter D. , DiMarco K.E. , Johnson C.R. , Wedemeyer L. , Yu Z.
Published: April 2021

The 3-by-n TP-completable patterns are characterized by identifying the minimal obstructions up to natural symmetries. They are finite in number.
The confounding effect of interleukin-6 on apoptosis of MCF-7 cells through down-regulation of MMP-2/-9 mRNA expression
Authors: Celik Aybuke , Bakar-Ates Filiz
Published: April 2021

Objectives

Breast cancer is the second cause of death among women worldwide. In the last decades, the immunotherapy-based approaches have a growing importance in the treatment of breast cancer. Several studies have indicated the pleiotrophic effect of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) via targeting the membrane-bound or soluble receptors.

Materials and methods

Different concentrations of IL-6 were incubated for 24, 48, and 72 h in the breast carcinoma cell line (MCF-7). Cell proliferation, apoptotic cell population, gene expression by RT-PCR were measured, and the effect of IL-6 treatment on cell morphology was observed.

Results

In the present study, IL-6 treatment of MCF-7 cells inhibited cell proliferation in a dose and time dependent manner. The IL-6 treatment was found most effective on 24 h. The viable cell amount was decreased to 70.07 ± 4.85% at 100 nM treatment with a significant alteration on cell morphology, simultaneously in the 24 h of treatment. IL-6 treatment has also increased the early apoptotic cell population % in MCF-7 cells significantly (p<0.0001). The RT-PCR analyses have shown that the apoptotic effect of IL-6 was related to the decrease at MMP-2/-9 mRNA levels (p<0.0001).

Conclusions

In conclusion, IL-6 treatment may inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis of MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner through down-regulation of MMP-2/-9.
Prediction of compressor nominal characteristics of a turboprop engine using artificial neural networks for build standard assessment
Authors: Jagadish Babu C. , Samuel Mathews P. , Davis Antonio , Mishra R. K.
Published: April 2021

Compressor characteristics of a single spool turboprop engine have been studied in this paper. It has been brought outhow constant power lines in the compressor characteristics of these compressors make them different from others. Constant speed lines and constant power lines have also been highlighted. A novel method of modeling of compressorof a single spool turboprop engine has also been studied in this paper. Application of neural networks in prediction of compressor characteristics has been investigated. Multilayer Perceptron feed forward neural network has been considered with different transfer functions to assess the potential capability of network in extrapolation and interpolation. Effectiveness of prediction with and without engine bleed valve open and anti-ice valve open situations have been assessed. Network Predictionshas been compared with engine test data to assess the accuracy of prediction and to quantify the build variation in the manufacture of engines. Capability of network with limited test data to predict the complete performance has also been assessed and presented in this paper.
Single-crystal structures of A
2SiF6 (A = Tl, Rb, Cs), a better structure model for Tl3[SiF6]F, and its novel tetragonal polymorph
Authors: Rienmüller Julia , Bandemehr Jascha , Kraus Florian
Published: April 2021

We report on the syntheses and single-crystal structure determinations of the compounds A
2SiF6 (A = Tl, Rb, Cs). In comparison to the previous powder-based structure models we achieved more precise atom positions and distances. The compounds crystallize in the K2PtCl6 structure type, space group Fm

3
‾

$‾{3}$

m (No. 225, cF36) with a = 8.4749(10) Å, V = 608.7(2) Å3, Z = 4 at T = 100 K for Tl2SiF6, a = 8.3918(10) Å, V = 591.0(2) Å3, Z = 4 at T = 100 K for Rb2SiF6, and a = 8.8638(11) Å, V = 696.4(3) Å3, Z = 4 at T = 200 K for Cs2SiF6. For the compound Tl3[SiF6]F we present a previously unknown tetragonal modification and correct the crystal structure of its trigonal modification to hexagonal. The tetragonal one crystallizes in the (NH4)3[SiF6]F structure type, space group P4/mbm (No. 127, tP22) with a = 8.0313(8), c = 5.8932(6) Å, V = 380.13(7) Å3, Z = 2, T = 298 K, and the crystal structure of the hexagonal modification is best described in space group P63
mc (No. 186, hP22) with a = 7.8248(4), c = 6.8768(4) Å, V = 364.64(4) Å3, Z = 2, T = 100 K.
PÜSKÜRTMELİ KURUTMA VE DONDURARAK KURUTMA YÖNTEMLERİNİN TEMELLERİ VE BU YÖNTEMLER İLE GIDA ATIKLARINDAN TOZ ÜRÜNLERİN ÜRETİMİ
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Elif Ezgi , GÖRGÜÇ Ahmet , GENÇDAĞ Esra , YILMAZ Fatih Mehmet
Published: April 2021

Bu derleme makalede gıda atıkları ve/veya yan ürünlerinden gıda bileşenlerinin özütlenerek geri kazanımının ardından püskürtmeli ve dondurarak kurutma yöntemleri ile toz formda ürün üretimine yönelik çalışmalar ele alınmıştır. Gıda atıklarından özütlenen fenolik maddeler, vitaminler, renk maddeleri, aroma maddeleri, proteinler ve lifler gibi bileşiklerin hem dış etkenlere karşı dayanımlarını artırmak hem de gıda formülasyonlarında kullanımını kolaylaştırmak için özütler kurutularak toz forma dönüştürülmektedir. Püskürtmeli ve dondurarak kurutucu sistem bileşenlerinin, çalışma prensiplerinin ve işlemlerde etkili faktörlerin de değerlendirildiği bu makalede özellikle son yıllarda gerçekleştirilen, her iki yöntemin bir arada kullanıldığı ve karşılaştırıldığı çalışmalar ele alınmıştır. Püskürtmeli kurutma ve dondurarak kurutma işlemlerinin ve kurutma yardımcı maddelerinin elde edilen toz ürünlerin verim, higroskopisite, nem içeriği, yapışkanlık, renk, çözünürlük, camsı geçiş sıcaklığı, yığın yoğunluğu, mikroyapı, elektron mikroskobu altındaki görünüm, antioksidan kapasite, antosiyanin ve toplam karotenoit içeriği gibi özellikleri üzerinde etkili oldukları anlaşılmaktadır.
Staining of bone marrow aspiration slides: novel immediate staining Vs EDTA–stored samples
Authors: Zawar Asfa , Jiskani Shahzad Ali , Zulfiqar Maryam , Sohail Aliena , Mustafa Asma , Anam Ali Bushra , Ali, Sundas , Jamal Sarah
Published: April 2021

Background: Bone Marrow Biopsy is used as an intervention to diagnose certain hematological and systemic diseases as an adjunct to routine laboratory investigations. The procedure includes getting an aspirate and a trephine biopsy. Slides/Smears are prepared from the aspirate and touch imprints along with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H and E) stained sections are prepared from the trephine. Traditionally the slides from the aspirate have been prepared directly (without anticoagulants) and examined along with the trephine biopsy sections to reach a diagnosis. EDTA (Ethylene Diammine Tetra Acetate) preserved specimen can also be used to make slides of the aspirate. Objective: To compare two methods of bone marrow aspirate preparation. Design of study: Randomized controlled trial. Place of study: Department of Pathology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad Materials and methods: Patients coming to the Department of Pathology for bone marrow biopsy had their samples taken. Half of each sample was used to make direct smears and the other half was preserved in EDTA i.e. the purple top vials. Slides were made at the end of the procedure by the preserved sample and then the two were stained by the same person and procedure (Wright stain) and examined for any differences in quality. SPSS version 21.2 was used to analyze the data. Results: A total of 132 was taken.77 (58.3%) were males and 55(41.7%) were females. 50(37.9%) were adults and 82(62.1%) were children. P–value was found to be 0.81392 which was non-significant proving the fact that the 2 techniques are comparable. Conclusion: EDTA preserved bone marrow aspirate can be used to prepare slides at the end of the whole procedure without compromising the quality of the smears and result interpretation.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in a patient with complicated appendicitis. A case report
Authors: Tshifularo N
Published: April 2021

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is clinical entity characterised by neurologic and radiologic findings. PRES is predominantly caused by malignant hypertension mostly seen in obstetric practise however it has also been associated with sepsis in females. We describe a case of a 11 years old female who presented with complicated appendicitis and developed PRES during her admission at Dr Gearge Mukhari Academic Hospital. Diagnosis: Following exploratory laparotomy for complicated appedicitis with generalized peritonitis, she developed vision loss. CT findings were in keeping with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome Interventions: The patient was managed expectedly for sepsis and shock. Her symptoms resolved and she regained her sight completely with no neurological deficits. Conclusions: Intra-abominal sepsis is documented risk factor for PRES through inflammatory vascular phenomonon which is poorly understood. Complicated appendicitis can be complicated with this clinical syndrome aspresented in our practise.
Recurrent pubic osteomyelitis secondary to vulvar abscess in a post-menopausal female
Authors: Svokos Alexis , Park Jino , Martin Kristin L
Published: April 2021

We present the case of a 58-year-old gravida 2, para 2 post-menopausal female who presented with a vulvar abscess which later progressed to osteomyelitis of the pubic symphysis. Osteomyelitis of pubic symphysis secondary to vulvar abscess is a rare complication, however, can be associated with significant morbidity. Although rare, most documented cases in obstetrics and gynecology occur after vaginal delivery in the post-partum period. High degree of comorbidities in affected patients, as well as the limited anatomy of the pelvic bones, makes treatment of pubic osteomyelitis challenging. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is recommended to decrease patient morbidity and mortality, and oftentimes requires prolonged periods of treatment by multidisciplinary teams.
Secondary postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine artery pseudoaneurysm
Authors: Svokos MD Alexis , Cunningham MD Kendall , Sullivan DO Maranda , Ahmed MD Saif
Published: April 2021

We present the case of a 26-year-old female who experienced secondary postpartum hemorrhage nine days after an uncomplicated elective repeat low transverse cesarean section. She was found to have a uterine pseudoaneurysm and underwent gel foam embolization of the right uterine artery. Subsequently, patient was diagnosed with pulmonary embolism on post-embolization day 3, and was initiated on anti-coagulation regimen.
Structural characteristics of fixed-odds sports betting products
Authors: Newall Philip W. S. , Russell Alex M. T. , Hing Nerilee
Published: April 2021

Background and aims

A literature exists on the structural characteristics of electronic gambling machines (EGMs), which are design innovations that can promote spending excessive time and money on these games. Fixed-odds sports betting products, where bettors place sports bets against a bookmaker, have also seen significant innovations in recent years. Despite some differences between these gambling products, similar structural characteristics could also be relevant to sports betting. The aim was to review previous research on contemporary fixed-odds sports betting products, and to identify whether structural characteristics from the EGM literature are also relevant to sports betting.

Methods

Structural characteristics uncovered by two influential reviews of EGMs were identified, and their relevance to fixed-odds sports betting products discussed via a narrative review.

Results

Structural characteristics of payout interval and potential betting frequency (in-play betting), multiplier potential (accumulators, complex bets, multis), win probability and payout ratio (all bets), bettor involvement (custom sports betting products, cash out), skill required (all bets), and near-misses (accumulators, complex bets, multis) were all identified in modern fixed-odds sports betting products.

Discussion and conclusions

Fixed-odds sports betting products have increasingly incorporated structural characteristics previously found in EGMs. Future research could further assess the extent to which these structural characteristics contribute to fixed-odds sports bettors spending excessive amounts of time and money while betting. These findings can help guide further sports betting research, contribute to an improved understanding of the potential universality of gambling product design, and inform policy.
Eksistensi Kewenangan Daerah dalam Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup Pasca diterbitkannya Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja
Authors: Fatanen Ary
Published: April 2021

Pasca diterbitkannya UU Cipta Kerja yang di dalamnya juga mengatur terkait menghapus, merubah, dan melakukan pengaturan baru terhadap ketentuan pasal dalam UU No.32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup (UUPPLH) yang mempengaruhi terhadap kewenangan daerah secara otonom dalam melaksanakan perijinan usaha yang tentu perlu dilaksanakan dengan memperhatian dampak lingkungan. Motode penelitian menggunakan metode analisis bahan hukum kualitatif dengan metode pendekatan perundang-undangan. Pengumpulan data dengan cara mengkaji peraturan perundang-undangan, teori serta telaah pustakan yang didukung dengan pendapat para ahli terkait yaitu ahli yang berkopeten dibidangnya. Tujuanya penelitian ini untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis tentang kewengan Pemerintah Daerah dalam melakukan perlindungan dan pengelolaan lingkungan hidup pasca ditertapkannya Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja yang di dalamnya mengatur perubahan UU Lingkungan pada substansi persetujuan lingkungan
A QUAGMIRE OF PAROCHIALISM: THE ETHICS OF REFUGEE CHILDREN’S EDUCATION
Authors: Bhattacharyya Kalyanasis
Published: April 2021

First, this paper identifies education as one of the main livelihood needs of refugee children, but addresses the “knowledge that lies” inherent in the axiological aspect of the context. Second, this article examines a philosophical understanding of an argumentative situation in which the whole problem of children's education reveals a series of gaps in the political and pedagogical value system. And The articles main purpose is to problematize the system of refugee education through the uncertain narratives of cultural relativity. Using a qualitative approach and several data collection techniques such as observation and literature study and interactive analysis, the researchers found that politics plays a major role in education for refugees, their anger and surveillance are very humane, why politics seems so lame cannot act with certainty given the suffering of refugees all over the world, because it is politics that has co-opted and fears social Darwinism in its power narrative
PENGARUH PARTISIPASI KOMITE DAN PENGALOKASIAN DANA TERHADAP PENINGKATAN MUTU PERPUSTAKAAN
Authors: Gintulangi Sabriana Oktaviana , Arsana I Kadek Satria
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh antara partisipasi komite dan pengalokasian dana terhadap peningkatan mutu perpustakaan di SMP N 1 Kabila Kab. Bone Bolango. Adapun fokus masalah  dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui (1)  apakah ada pengaruh yang positif antara partisipasi komite dengan peningkatan mutu perpustakaan , (2) untuk mengetahui  apakah ada pengaruh yang  positif  antara pengalokasian dana terhadap peningkatan mutu perpustakaan dan (3) untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara partisipasi komite dan pengalokasian dana terhadap peningkatan mutu perpustakaan di SMP N 1 Kabila. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode  kuantitatif dengan jumlah sampel 88 responden. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa angket. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 807 orang yang terdiri dari seluruh siswa Di SMP 1 Kabila. Sampel yang digunakan adalah random sampling dimana pengambilan sample dilakukan secara acak, tanpa memperhatikan strata atau tingkat dalam angota populasi.  Berdasarkan hasil analisis data nilai adalah -t hitung (-1,873) > -t tabel(-1,992) artinya parisipasi komite tidak berpengaruh pada peningkatan mutu perpustakaan. Kemudian pengalokasian dana t hitung (4,816) > t tabel (1,992) artinya pengalokasian dana berpengaruh positif terhadap peningkatan mutu perpustakaan. Pengujian bersama-sama untuk variabel X1, X2 dan  Y f hitung > f tabel (12,754 > 3,10) artinya antara partisipasi komite dan pengalokasian dana terhadap peningkatan mutu perpustakaan berpengaruh secara signifikan.