bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The SCADA system using PLC and HMI to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of production processes
Authors: Setiawan A , Sugeng  , Koesoema K I , Bakhri S , Aditya J
Published: August 2019

One of the problems in the industry is waste. There are 7 wastes, namely excessive production, inventory, defect/damage, transfer/transportation, movement, waiting time and excessive processes are things that absorb and waste resources, expenses, and additional time but don’t provide any added value in the activity, and therefore this research is fundamental to create an effective and efficient production process. The purpose of this research is to find out how much effectiveness and efficiency can be achieved by a SCADA system using PLC and HMI on industrial machines. This research uses a comparative method between a conventional control system with a SCADA system using PLC and HMI to get cost and time savings results. The results obtained in this study are SCADA systems using PLC and HMI can reduce production from 1.1% to 0.3%, increase productivity 6, 1%, saving production time from 396 minutes to 352 minutes and reduce costs from 6, 71%. The conclusion obtained in this research SCADA system using PLC and HMI can improve the effectiveness and efficiency in the production process in industries.
Development of DC smart grid model for voltage stability disturbance
Authors: Maulana D W , Faizal Fery , Florena F F , Alfandi F , Panatarani C , Joni I M , Wibawa B M
Published: August 2019

DC smart grid and distributed generation have evolved rapidly as the integration of renewable energy. The robustness parameter of DC smart grid can be defined by the ability of the system to maintain stability under normal or perturbed conditions and provide fast restoration after faults. This research aims to design DC smart grid to simulate the voltage stability again disturbance. A model of DC smart grid was tested by key parameters in power station such as voltage stability. Voltage stability is the ability of power system to maintain steady voltage within permissible range at all buses in reasonable condition and after having been subjected a perturbation, such as an incremental change in load. The obtained duration time for a system to recovered voltage stability problem was approximately two seconds until three seconds. It was concluded that designed DC smart grid could simulate the voltage stability disturbance.
Online air velocity control, temperature and humidity monitoring system for clean room using Raspberry Pi
Authors: Sunardi A , Agus D , Aditya H , Susila W
Published: August 2019

The requirement of a clean room in the pharmaceutical industry is to maintain the airflow between 0.36-0.54 m/sec and record the temperature and humidity parameters. The laminar airflow machine is used to maintain the air velocity. The air velocity settings in laminar airflow machine are usually done manually by adjusting the speed control knop. In this study, we have designed a prototype of automatic air velocity control, temperature, and humidity monitoring system using Arduino nano and Raspberry Pi. The airflow control is done by the PID method. From the test results, the prototype has worked as expected. The accuracy of the measurement is ± 5% for air velocity, ± 2 °C for temperature and ± 5% for moisture. The system can control the air velocity between 0.36 m/s to 0.54 m/s. The measured parameters then send to the server and utilized for online monitoring the air velocity, temperature, and humidity in the clean room.
Hybrid Billing Parking System (HBPs) for service quality improving
Authors: Herlina N , Herianto  , Hiron N , Nursuwars Firmansyah M S , Mubarok H
Published: August 2019

This project provides a concept of computer-based Hybrid Billing Parking System Service that could work both online and/or offline. We propose Hybrid Billing Parking System (HBPs) in which this system could work and keep the data of billing parking transaction saved digitally. The main goal of this research is design a new concept of database and computer network which includes operational procedure, unique barcode for Hybrid Billing Parking System (HBPs). We have successfully created Hybrid Billing Parking System (HBPs) which has advantages on managing system, for evaluation and financial report and also continuing parking service system. The result of this reseach that the concept that has been designed has two benefit aspects. From energy perspective, HBPs consume less energy and from simplicity procedure perspective, HBPs can be designed into universal architecture of parking system, but the unique code of barcode of each customer will be different.
RFID for nurse activity monitoring in the hospital’s nurse call system with Internet of Thing (IoT) concept
Authors: Nursuwars F M S , Rahmatulloh A
Published: August 2019

The hospital nurse call system is a system found around a hospital bed that allows patients in health care to call nurses or other health care staff remotely about their need for assistance. When the button is pressed, the signal tells the staff at the nurse station via a voice signal, and usually the nurse or nurse assistant responds to the call. Today it has created many nurse call systems that are considered efficient both with the concept of wireless and cable. artificial equipment that has standard facilities and complete facilities. But this tool only emphasizes how patients call nurses, without thinking about how the quality of nursing services responds to each call. The purpose of this study is to develop an RFID-based nurse call system with the internet of things (IoT) concept. The system allowed nurses can respond to every call from the patient without the patient or family the patient comes to the nurse station, also the hospital executive can get a report on the quality of nursing services, in the form of reports on the number of calls, the time is taken by the nurse to respond to each call and report who the nurse responds to each patient’s call. Thus, the information can be evaluated how the quality of service in the hospital.
Enhanced biogas production by mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic co-digestion of palm oil mill effluent with empty fruit bunches in expanded granular sludge bed reactor
Authors: Fitrah R , Ahmad A , Amri I
Published: August 2019

This study aimed to utilize Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) and preheated Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) as a source for enhanced biogas production in Expanded Granular Sludge Bed (EGSB) Reactor. The reactor was operated continuously for 48 days with 2 days hydraulic retention time (HRT), POME: EFB mixing ratios of 1: 0; 0.10; 0.15; 0.20; temperature of 35 ± 2±C and 55 ± 2±C. The best improved was achieved from co-digestion of POME with EFB at a mesophilic temperature of 35 ± 2±C and mixing ratios of 1: 0.10, highest total biogas volume achieved was 7,400 ml (0.1359 – 0.1619 m3 CH4/kg COD removed), Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA)/Total Alkalinity (TA) ratios 0.1418 – 0.1582, and COD removal 61.97 – 78.87 %. The Methane content was 46.10 %. Under a Thermophilic temperature of 55 ± 2±C and mixing ratios of 1: 0, 10, the highest total biogas volume achieved was 1.350 ml (0.0859 – 0.1358 m3 CH4/kg COD removed) VFA/TA ratios increased to 0.4498 – 0.6685 with COD removal 61.97 – 74.65 %.
Comparison of shear bond strength of light-cured resin-modified glass ionomer and moist insensitive primer on contaminated enamel
Authors: Evangelina I A , Hambali T , Thahar B , Salim J
Published: August 2019

Despite rapid developments in adhesive technology, contamination of bonding surfaces remains a major problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of contamination on shear bond strength of two adhesive systems: resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Fuji Ortho LC; GC America Corp) and Moist Insensitive Primer (Transbond MIP, 3M Unitek) combination with Transbond XT (light-activated), under different enamel conditions. Metal brackets were bonded to the buccal surfaces of 42 human premolars. The total sample was divided into 6 groups (n = 7 teeth) and brackets were bonded with one of the 2 adhesives under 3 enamel surface conditions: (1) dry (2) saliva-contaminated (3) saliva and blood-contaminated. The shear bond strength was tested using Universal Strength Tester Autograph Shimadzu Corp. There was no significant difference in the shear bond strength between dry, saliva, and saliva-blood contamination bonded with MIP combined Transbond XT. There were significant differences in the shear bond strengths between dry and saliva -blood contaminated enamel bonded with Fuji Ortho LC. In conclusion, Fuji Ortho LC is not recommended for clinical bonding application under saliva-blood contaminated enamel conditions.
Column simulation of Fe, Ti, V heap leaching from titanomagnetite ore
Authors: Sachkov V I , Nefedov R A , Orlov V V
Published: August 2019

The results of the research of the process of metals extraction from titanomagnetite ore are presented. The experiments were conducted in PVC columns. The most efficient metal recovery is achieved at a hydrofluoric acid concentration of 4 mol/L and ammonium fluoride concentration of 0.42 mol/L. This represent approximately 10% for titanium, iron and vanadium. Selectivity on titanium during percolation of a solution with a hydrofluoric acid concentration of 1 mol/L and ammonium fluoride of 2.5 mol/L is observed.
Investigation of adsorption of water vapor on porous aluminium oxide material
Authors: Reshetnikov S , Kurzina I
Published: August 2019

This paper deals with theoretical investigation and experimental verification of adsorption dynamics (kinetics) of water vapor on aluminium oxide material. Influence of vapor flow rate and grain size of the adsorbent on adsorption dynamics was carried out on a laboratory equipment using McBain-Bakr quartz balance. The flow rate at which there is no influence of external diffusion limitations was determined. The material was characterized by the BET method and X-ray phase analysis (XRD). The theoretical effective diffusion coefficient was predicted from the known structure of the adsorbent. Mathematical modeling of the mass transfer rates are based on a quasi-homogeneous model was performed. A comparison between theory and experiments for the various grain size adsorbent samples allows to determinate of the effective diffusion coefficient Deff.
The Study of Donor-Acceptor Equilibria in Oil-Displacing Compositions Based on Acid Coordinating Solvents
Authors: Altunina L K , Kuvshinov V A , Stasieva L A , Kuvshinov I V
Published: August 2019

The acidity of donor-acceptor complexes of boric acid with glycerol and sorbitol has been studied in aqueous solutions using pH-metry and electrical conductivity methods. A theoretical model of donor-acceptor acid-base equilibria in boric acid – polyol – water systems has been created. The constants of polyol boric acids formation and ionization were determined. The constants of glycerol and sorbitol boric acids formation were 0.05 and 0.06 l2·mol−2, and those of glycerol and sorbitol boric acids ionization were 7.1·10−6 mol·l−1 and 3.2 · 10−3 mol·l−1, respectively. The systems studied were used to create new oil-displacing compositions for enhanced oil recovery.
Differential potentiometric precipitation titration of zinc(II) and copper(II) using carbon composite electrode
Authors: Poluboyarinova J A , Shumar S V
Published: August 2019

The article presents the results of investigation of potentiometric titration of the working solution containing Zn(II) and Cu(II) by sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (NaDEDC) using carbon composite electrode as the indicator electrode. The proposed method for the separate determination of copper ions (II) and zinc (II) under the joint presence was tested on data from titration model of binary mixtures and the real object. The titration curves were processed by the linearization method based on the transformation of a titration curve into the multiphase linear regression, whose parameters determine the equivalence point with high accuracy.
Technology of foam concrete production with ultradispersed quartz waste
Authors: Kuznetsova I N , Darulis M A , Kosach A F
Published: August 2019

The article presents a technology for producing foam concrete using activated quartz waste. The waste is an ultrafine filler in the cement stone that builds pore-forming walls and generates a structure with minimal pores (with a diameter down to 50 microns) and walls with similar cross-section. The average density of such foam concrete is 500 kg/m3 and the total porosity equals 69-76%. The specimens demonstrate increased strength and reduced thermal conductivity. The use of the ultrafine filler in foam concrete reduces cement consumption by 10%, increases the density of the cement stone by 4%, augments the strength of the foam concrete by 10% and reduces its thermal conductivity by 8%. The results of the tests approve increased operational, physical and mechanical properties of such foam concrete.
Coordinate dependence of the photo-response in metal – lithium niobate – metal sandwich structure
Authors: Perkov Y , Ivanov V
Published: August 2019

The light induced current in doped lithium niobate crystals with two electrodes of different metals (sandwich system) includes the photovoltaic and the thermoinduced effects. The anomalous coordinate dependences of the light response are revealed and investigated experimentally.
Ultrashort pulse decomposition in reflection symmetric meander line of four cascaded half-turns
Authors: Chernikova E B , Belousov A O , Gazizov T R
Published: August 2019

The paper considers the protection of critical electronic equipment from an ultrashort pulse (USP) by means of modal filtering technology. Decomposition of the USP in a reflection symmetric meander line consisting of four cascaded half-turns is investigated for the first time. Quasi-static simulation of two half-turn connection diagrams has been performed. The output of the circuits shows the presence of negative polarity pulses, as well as additional pulses with time delay values non-multiple of per-unit-length time delays. It has been revealed that these values are linear combinations (arithmetic means) of per-unit-length time delays of the line modes.
Influence of electron-beam processing mode on the sintering of alumina ceramics
Authors: Klimov A S , Bakeev I Yu , Zenin A A
Published: August 2019

The article presents the results of electron beam sintering of alumina ceramic in the so-called forevacuum pressure range (5-20 Pa). Ceramic was irradiated by a focused electron beam generated by the forevacuum plasma electron source. Various modes of irradiation are considered without and with scanning of the electron on the ceramic surface. It is shown that using electron beam scanning increases the homogeneity of the sintered material. The modes of irradiation allowing to obtain dense ceramics with a homogeneous density distribution over its volume are given.
Numerical simulation of severe plastic deformation of aluminum specimens under dynamic groove pressing
Authors: Akhmetshin L R , Moskvichev E N , Skripnyak V V
Published: August 2019

The process of deformation of aluminum samples under dynamic groove pressing for a dynamic loading scheme is studied numerically in a two-dimensional formulation. Areas of intense plastic deformation of the sample are revealed. Localization of plastic deformations is similar for the static loading pattern. The results of damage accumulation in the material are given. The finite element results are in good agreement with the experimentally obtained results in the field of strain rates considered in this study.
Direct integrators of modified multistep method for the solution of third order boundary value problem in ordinary differential equations
Authors: Mohammed U , Semenov M , Ma’ali A I , Abubakar A , Abdullah H
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we propose an efficient modified multistep method for direct solution of boundary value problems (BVPs) using multistep collocation approach. The continuous form was evaluated at grid and off-grid points to obtain the multiple finite difference schemes. The basic properties, such as order and error constants, zero stability and convergence analysis of the proposed methods were investigated. Numerical experiment were performed to show the efficiency of the method and the results were compared with the existing methods in the literature.
Local Infiltration of Tranexamic Acid With Local Anesthetic Reduces Intraoperative Facelift Bleeding: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Couto Rafael A , Charafeddine Ali , Sinclair Nicholas R , Nayak Laxmeesh M , Zins James E
Published: August 2019

Background

Rebound bleeding as a result of loss of epinephrine effect is a common problem encountered during facelift surgery. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an anti-fibrinolytic agent whose safety and efficacy in reducing bleeding are well documented. We have found that local infiltration of TXA combined with a lidocaine with epinephrine solution during facelift surgery has been effective in decreasing rebound bleeding and the time required to gain hemostasis.

Objectives

The authors sought to share their local infiltration protocol of TXA combined with epinephrine solution in facelift.

Methods

Patients who underwent facelift received subcutaneous injection of TXA-lidocaine 0.5% solution following the authors’ protocol. After completing both sides of the facelift and the submental platysmaplasty, the first and second sides were sequentially closed. The time to gain hemostasis on each side prior to closure was prospectively measured.

Results

Twenty-seven consecutive patients who underwent facelift surgery received local infiltration of TXA-lidocaine solution. In 23 of the 27 patients, the time required for hemostasis was prospectively recorded. The mean age was 62.1 years (±9.3) and all were females. The average time spent achieving hemostasis on the right, left, and both sides of the face was 6.5 (±2.7), 6.3 (±2.1), and 12.9 (±4.2) minutes, respectively. The total surgical time saving is approximately 25 to 60 minutes. Although primary facelift [13.6 (± 4.3)] exhibited a longer time of hemostasis compared with the secondary group [10.2 (± 2.8)], this was not statistically significant (P = 0.09).

Conclusions

Local infiltration of TXA with local anesthetic prior to a facelift appears to decrease bleeding, operative time, and postoperative facelift drainage output.

Level of Evidence: 4
Regulatory annotation of genomic intervals based on tissue-specific expression QTLs
Authors: Xu Tianlei , Jin Peng , Qin Zhaohui S
Published: August 2019

Motivation

Annotating a given genomic locus or a set of genomic loci is an important yet challenging task. This is especially true for the non-coding part of the genome which is enormous yet poorly understood. Since gene set enrichment analyses have demonstrated to be effective approach to annotate a set of genes, the same idea can be extended to explore the enrichment of functional elements or features in a set of genomic intervals to reveal potential functional connections.

Results

In this study, we describe a novel computational strategy named loci2path that takes advantage of the newly emerged, genome-wide and tissue-specific expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) information to help annotate a set of genomic intervals in terms of transcription regulation. By checking the presence or the absence of millions of eQTLs in a set of input genomic intervals, combined with grouping eQTLs by the pathways or gene sets that their target genes belong to, loci2path build a bridge connecting genomic intervals to functional pathways and pre-defined biological-meaningful gene sets, revealing potential for regulatory connection. Our method enjoys two key advantages over existing methods: first, we no longer rely on proximity to link a locus to a gene which has shown to be unreliable; second, eQTL allows us to provide the regulatory annotation under the context of specific tissue types. To demonstrate its utilities, we apply loci2path on sets of genomic intervals harboring disease-associated variants as query. Using 1 702 612 eQTLs discovered by the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project across 44 tissues and 6320 pathways or gene sets cataloged in MSigDB as annotation resource, our method successfully identifies highly relevant biological pathways and revealed disease mechanisms for psoriasis and other immune-related diseases. Tissue specificity analysis of associated eQTLs provide additional evidence of the distinct roles of different tissues played in the disease mechanisms.

Availability and implementation

loci2path is published as an open source Bioconductor package, and it is available at http://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/loci2path.html.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A Gaussian process-based definition reveals new and bona fide genetic interactions compared to a multiplicative model in the Gram-negative Escherichia coli
Authors: Kumar Ashwani , Hosseinnia Ali , Gagarinova Alla , Phanse Sadhna , Kim Sunyoung , Aly Khaled A , Zilles Sandra , Babu Mohan
Published: August 2019

Motivation

A digenic genetic interaction (GI) is observed when mutations in two genes within the same organism yield a phenotype that is different from the expected, given each mutation’s individual effects. While multiplicative scoring is widely applied to define GIs, revealing underlying gene functions, it remains unclear if it is the most suitable choice for scoring GIs in Escherichia coli. Here, we assess many different definitions, including the multiplicative model, for mapping functional links between genes and pathways in E.coli.

Results

Using our published E.coli GI datasets, we show computationally that a machine learning Gaussian process (GP)-based definition better identifies functional associations among genes than a multiplicative model, which we have experimentally confirmed on a set of gene pairs. Overall, the GP definition improves the detection of GIs, biological reasoning of epistatic connectivity, as well as the quality of GI maps in E.coli, and, potentially, other microbes.

Availability and implementation

The source code and parameters used to generate the machine learning models in WEKA software were provided in the Supplementary information.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Prevalence of Hepatitis A Immunity and Decision-tree Analysis Among Men Who Have Sex With Men and Are Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Tokyo
Authors: Koibuchi Tomohiko , Koga Michiko , Kikuchi Tadashi , Horikomi Taizo , Kawamura Yoshihiro , Lim Lay Ahyoung , Adachi Eisuke , Tsutsumi Takeya , Yotsuyanagi Hiroshi
Published: August 2019

Background

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) can be sexually transmitted. However, the level of HAV immunity among patients living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Japan is unknown. Determining the epidemiology of HAV infections among men who have sex with men (MSM) and who are living with HIV is essential for an HAV vaccination program. This study examined HAV immunity in patients living with HIV and applied the decision-tree analysis to explore the factors of immunoglobulin G (IgG)-hepatitis A (HA) antibodies in MSM living with HIV.

Methods

We examined the presence of IgG-HA antibodies among patients living with HIV from January to December 2017 in The Hospital of The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo. We recorded each patient’s age, sex, mode of HIV transmission, year of HIV diagnosis, HAV vaccine status, history of HAV infection, and history of other infectious diseases. A decision-tree algorithm was used to reveal the factors and profiles most relevant to the anti-HAV prevalence.

Results

Overall, 378 MSM patients living with HIV were examined for IgG-HA antibodies. After excluding 24 patients who had received a HAV vaccine, the data of 354 MSM were analyzed (median age 45 years, interquartile range 39–51 years). Of the 354 patients, 60 (16.9%) were positive for IgG-HA antibodies. The HA positivity rate increased with patients’ age, and age (> 63.5 years) was extracted as the most important variable by classification of the decision-tree algorithm.

Conclusions

Our study, conducted just before the HAV outbreak among MSM in Tokyo, showed that age was the most relevant factor in anti-HAV prevalences. An extensive HAV vaccination program for MSM patients living with HIV is urgently needed, particularly for younger people.
The Clinical Profile of Severe Pediatric Malaria in an Area Targeted for Routine RTS,S/AS01 Malaria Vaccination in Western Kenya
Authors: Akech Samuel , Chepkirui Mercy , Ogero Morris , Agweyu Ambrose , Irimu Grace , English Mike , Snow Robert W
Published: August 2019

Background

The malaria prevalence has declined in western Kenya, resulting in the risk of neurological phenotypes in older children. This study investigates the clinical profile of pediatric malaria admissions ahead of the introduction of the RTS,S/AS01 vaccine.

Methods

Malaria admissions in children aged 1 month to 15 years were identified from routine, standardized, inpatient clinical surveillance data collected between 2015 and 2018 from 4 hospitals in western Kenya. Malaria phenotypes were defined based on available data.

Results

There were 5766 malaria admissions documented. The median age was 36 months (interquartile range, 18–60): 15% were aged between 1–11 months of age, 33% were aged 1–23 months of age, and 70% were aged 1 month to 5 years. At admission, 2340 (40.6%) children had severe malaria: 421/2208 (19.1%) had impaired consciousness, 665/2240 (29.7%) had an inability to drink or breastfeed, 317/2340 (13.6%) had experienced 2 or more convulsions, 1057/2340 (45.2%) had severe anemia, and 441/2239 (19.7%) had severe respiratory distress. Overall, 211 (3.7%) children admitted with malaria died; 163/211 (77% deaths, case fatality rate 7.0%) and 48/211 (23% deaths, case fatality rate 1.4%) met the criteria for severe malaria and nonsevere malaria at admission, respectively. The median age for fatal cases was 33 months (interquartile range, 12–72) and the case fatality rate was highest in those unconscious (44.4%).

Conclusions

Severe malaria in western Kenya is still predominantly seen among the younger pediatric age group and current interventions targeted for those <5 years are appropriate. However, there are increasing numbers of children older than 5 years admitted with malaria, and ongoing hospital surveillance would identify when interventions should target older children.
miR-378a influences vascularization in skeletal muscles
Authors: Krist Bart , Podkalicka Paulina , Mucha Olga , Mendel Mateusz , Sępioł Aleksandra , Rusiecka Olga Martyna , Józefczuk Ewelina , Bukowska-Strakova Karolina , Grochot-Przęczek Anna , Tomczyk Mateusz , Klóska Damian , Giacca Mauro , Maga Paweł , Niżankowski Rafał , Józkowicz Alicja , Łoboda Agnieszka , Dulak Józef , Florczyk-Soluch Urszula
Published: August 2019

Aims

MicroRNA-378a, highly expressed in skeletal muscles, was demonstrated to affect myoblasts differentiation and to promote tumour angiogenesis. We hypothesized that miR-378a could play a pro-angiogenic role in skeletal muscle and may be involved in regeneration after ischaemic injury in mice.

Methods and results

Silencing of miR-378a in murine C2C12 myoblasts did not affect differentiation but impaired their secretory angiogenic potential towards endothelial cells. miR-378a knockout (miR-378a−/−) in mice resulted in a decreased number of CD31-positive blood vessels and arterioles in gastrocnemius muscle. In addition, diminished endothelial sprouting from miR-378a−/− aortic rings was shown. Interestingly, although fibroblast growth factor 1 (Fgf1) expression was decreased in miR-378a−/− muscles, this growth factor did not mediate the angiogenic effects exerted by miR-378a. In vivo, miR-378a knockout did not affect the revascularization of the ischaemic muscles in both normo- and hyperglycaemic mice subjected to femoral artery ligation (FAL). No difference in regenerating muscle fibres was detected between miR-378a−/− and miR-378+/+ mice. miR-378a expression temporarily declined in ischaemic skeletal muscles of miR-378+/+ mice already on Day 3 after FAL. At the same time, in the plasma, the level of miR-378a-3p was enhanced. Similar elevation of miR-378a-3p was reported in the plasma of patients with intermittent claudication in comparison to healthy donors. Local adeno-associated viral vectors-based miR-378a overexpression was enough to improve the revascularization of the ischaemic limb of wild-type mice on Day 7 after FAL, what was not reported after systemic delivery of vectors. In addition, the number of infiltrating CD45+ cells and macrophages (CD45+ CD11b+ F4/80+ Ly6G−) was higher in the ischaemic muscles of miR-378a−/− mice, suggesting an anti-inflammatory action of miR-378a.

Conclusions

Data indicate miR-378a role in the pro-angiogenic effect of myoblasts and vascularization of skeletal muscle. After the ischaemic insult, the anti-angiogenic effect of miR-378a deficiency might be compensated by enhanced inflammation.
Primary care clinicians’ confidence, willingness participation and perceptions of roles in advance care planning discussions with patients: a multi-site survey
Authors: Howard Michelle , Langevin Jessica , Bernard Carrie , Tan Amy , Klein Doug , Slaven Marissa , Barwich Doris , Elston Dawn , Arora Neha , Heyland Daren K
Published: August 2019

Background

People who engage in advance care planning (ACP) are more likely to receive health care that is concordant with their goals at the end of life. Little discussion of ACP occurs in primary care.

Objective

The objective of this study was to describe primary care clinicians’ perspectives on having ACP conversations with their patients.

Methods

We conducted a survey of family physicians and non-physician clinicians in primary care in 2014–2015. We compared family physicians and non-physician clinicians on willingness, confidence, participation and acceptability for other clinicians to engage in six aspects of ACP (initiating, exchanging information, decision coaching, finalizing plans, helping communicate plans with family members and other health professionals) on scales from 0 = not at all/extremely unacceptable to 6 = very/all the time/extremely acceptable.

Results

The response rate was 72% (n = 117) among family physicians and 69% (n = 64) among non-physician clinicians. Mean ratings (standard deviation [SD]) of willingness were high (4.5 [1.4] to 5.0 [1.2] for physicians; 3.4 [1.8] to 4.6 [1.6] non-physician clinicians). There was little participation (mean ratings 2.4 [1.7] to 2.7 [1.6] for physicians, 1.0 [1.5] to 1.4 [1.7] for non-physician clinicians). Non-physician clinicians rated confidence statistically significantly lower than physicians for all ACP aspects. Acceptability for non-physician clinician involvement was high in both groups (mean acceptability ratings greater than 4).

Conclusion

Current engagement of primary care clinicians in ACP is low. Given the high willingness and acceptability for non-physician clinician involvement, increasing the capacity of non-physician clinicians could enable uptake of ACP in primary care.
A cross-sectional survey of the pharmacy workforce in general practice in Scotland
Authors: Stewart Derek , Maclure Katie , Newham Rosemary , Gibson-Smith Kathrine , Bruce Rachel , Cunningham Scott , Maclure Andrew , Fry Sarah , Mackerrow James , Bennie Marion
Published: August 2019

Background

In Scotland, there has been significant investment in pharmacy teams in general medical practices over recent years, aligned to current government policy.

Objectives

To characterize the national pharmacy workforce including activities undertaken, perceived competence and confidence, as well as perception of integration of the intervention.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey of all pharmacists and pharmacy technicians in general practices. Survey items were demographics, activities undertaken and experiences. The NoMAD tool (Improving the Normalization of Complex Interventions) was included as a measure of perspectives of implementation. Post-piloting, a questionnaire link was sent to all pharmacists (n = 471) and pharmacy technicians (n = 112). A total NoMAD score was obtained by assigning 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) to each item.

Results

Responses were received from 393 (83.4%) pharmacists and 101 (91.8%) pharmacy technicians. Three quarters of pharmacists (74.6%) and pharmacy technicians (73.3%) had been qualified for over 10 years. Two-thirds of pharmacists (68.4%) were independent prescribers, with three quarters (72.3%) currently prescribing. Respondents worked in a median of two practices and were providing a range of activities including medication/polypharmacy reviews, medicines reconciliation, prescribing efficiencies and training. Respondents reported high levels of competence and confidence (median 8, scale 0–10 highest). Median NoMAD total score (scale 20–100 highest, Cronbach’s alpha 0.89) was 80 for pharmacists and 75 for pharmacy technicians, P ≤ 0.001.

Conclusions

The general practice pharmacy workforce in Scotland is experienced, well-qualified and integrated within general practices, delivering a range of activities. These findings have implications for workforce planning and future education and training.
A (and others) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2004] UKHL 56, House of Lords
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: August 2019

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in A (and others) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2004] UKHL 56, House of Lords. This case concerned the Human Rights Act 1998, the willingness of the courts to engage with national security matters and, by extension, considered how key constitutional principles should shape the courts’ approach. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Thomas Webb.
Attorney General for New South Wales v Trethowan [1932] AC 526, before the Privy Council
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: August 2019

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Attorney General for New South Wales v Trethowan [1932] AC 526, before the Privy Council. This case concerned whether provisions enacted by an earlier legislature could bind the legislative choices of future legislatures. It should be noted that this case relates to a dominion legislature. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Thomas Webb.
AXA General Insurance Ltd v Lord Advocate [2011] UKSC 46, Supreme Court
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: August 2019

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in AXA General Insurance Ltd v Lord Advocate [2011] UKSC 46, Supreme Court. This case addressed the extent to which Acts of the Scottish Parliament (ASP) were reviewable by the courts, the special status of ASPs, and regularized the rules on standing as between English and Scots law. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Thomas Webb.
Congreve v Home Office [1976] QB 629, Court of Appeal (Civil Division)
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: August 2019

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Congreve v Home Office [1976] QB 629, Court of Appeal (Civil Division). This case provides an example of illegality in the context of judicial review. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Thomas Webb.
Council of Civil Service Unions v Minister for the Civil Service [1985] AC 374, House of Lords (also known as the GCHQ Case)
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: August 2019

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Council of Civil Service Unions v Minister for the Civil Service [1985] AC 374, House of Lords (also known as the GCHQ case). This note discusses both the ‘new nomenclature’ (Lord Roskill at 415) of judicial review established by Lord Diplock, and the House of Lords’ conclusion that prerogative powers are, in principle, reviewable by the courts. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Thomas Webb.
Imperial Tobacco Ltd v The Lord Advocate (Scotland) [2012] UKSC 61, Supreme Court
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: August 2019

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Imperial Tobacco Ltd v The Lord Advocate (Scotland) [2012] UKSC 61, UK Supreme Court. This case concerned the devolved legislative competence of the Scottish Parliament, the powers reserved to the Westminster Parliament under the Scotland Act 1998, and how these provisions should be interpreted. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Thomas Webb.
M v Home Office [1994] 1 AC 377, House of Lords (also known as Re M)
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: August 2019

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in M v Home Office [1994] 1 AC 377, House of Lords (also known as Re M). The case considered whether the courts had the power to issue injunctions against government departments and the ministers attached to them, and whether the rule of law required that those departments and ministers could be held in contempt of court for breach of court orders. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Thomas Webb.
Mosely v United Kingdom [2011] ECHR 774, European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: August 2019

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Mosely v United Kingdom [2011] ECHR 774, European Court of Human Rights. This case provides an exemplar of the challenges of balancing Article 8 and Article 10 rights under the Human Rights Act 1998 and the European Convention on Human Rights in the context of press regulation. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Thomas Webb.
R v Chaytor and others [2010] UKSC 52, Supreme Court
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: August 2019

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R v Chaytor and others [2010] UKSC 52, Supreme Court. This case considered the extent of parliamentary privilege, and the courts’ role in interpreting it. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Thomas Webb.
R v Disciplinary Committee of the Jockey Club, ex parte Aga Khan [1993] 1 WLR 909, Court of Appeal (Civil Division)
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: August 2019

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R v Disciplinary Committee of the Jockey Club, ex parte Aga Khan [1993] 1 WLR 909, Court of Appeal (Civil Division). This case considered under what circumstances a decision-maker could be considered public, or to be exercising a public law function, for the purposes of determining whether that decision-maker was subject to judicial review. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Thomas Webb.
R v Gough [1993] AC 646, House of Lords
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: August 2019

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R v Gough [1993] AC 646, House of Lords. This case detailed the old test for bias, since replaced by the test in Porter v Magill [2001] UKHL 67. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Thomas Webb.
R v Inspectorate of Pollution, ex parte Greenpeace Ltd (No. 2) [1994] 2 CMLR 548, High Court (Queen’s Bench Division)
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: August 2019

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R v Inspectorate of Pollution, ex parte Greenpeace Ltd (No. 2) [1994] 2 CMLR 548, High Court (Queen’s Bench Division). This case concerned whether organizations could demonstrate a sufficient interest for the purposes of bringing a judicial review on the basis of their expert knowledge and the public interest in bringing an application for review forward. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Thomas Webb.
R v Secretary for the Home Department, ex parte Pierson [1998] AC 539, House of Lords
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: August 2019

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R v Secretary for the Home Department, ex parte Pierson [1998] AC 539, House of Lords. This case explored whether a decision-maker acting in a quasi-judicial capacity was bound by the same decision-making standards including, for example, whether retrospective decision-making was permitted. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Thomas Webb.
R (on the application of HS2 Action Alliance Ltd) v Secretary of State for Transport [2014] UKSC 3, Supreme Court (also known as R (on the application of Buckinghamshire CC))
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: August 2019

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R (on the application of HS2 Action Alliance Ltd) v Secretary of State for Transport [2014] UKSC 3, Supreme Court (also known as R (on the application of Buckinghamshire CC)). This case concerns the interpretation of constitutional statutes, in particular what should happen where two constitutional statutes conflict with one another. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Thomas Webb.
R (on the application of Public Law Project) v Secretary of State for Justice [2016] UKSC 39, Supreme Court
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: August 2019

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R (on the application of Public Law Project) v Secretary of State for Justice [2016] UKSC 39, Supreme Court. The Court was asked to consider whether the Henry VIII powers granted under the Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012 permitted the Secretary of State for Justice to introduce a residency test into the provisions regulating legal aid. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Thomas Webb.
Ridge v Baldwin [1964] AC 40, House of Lords
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: August 2019

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Ridge v Baldwin [1964] AC 40, House of Lords. This case considered whether the process by which a Chief Constable was sacked amount to procedural unfairness, and breached the rules of natural justice.The document also includes supporting commentary from author Thomas Webb.
Smith and Grady v United Kingdom [1999] ECHR 72, European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: August 2019

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Smith and Grady v United Kingdom [1999] ECHR 72, European Court of Human Rights. This case examined the now-defunct provisions against homosexuality in the British military, and how using either unreasonabless or proportionality produced different outcomes. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Thomas Webb.
Thoburn v Sunderland City Council [2002] EWHC 195 (Admin), Divisional Court
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: August 2019

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Thoburn v Sunderland City Council [2002] EWHC 195 (Admin), Divisional Court. This case introduced the concept of a ‘constitutional’ statute into UK jurisprudence. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Thomas Webb.
Bocardo SA v Star Energy Weald Basin Ltd [2010] UKSC 35, Supreme Court
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: August 2019

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Bocardo SA v Star Energy Weald Basin Ltd [2010] UKSC 35, Supreme Court. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Elitestone v Morris [1997] 1 WLR 687, House of Lords
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: August 2019

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Elitestone v Morris [1997] 1 WLR 687, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Jones v Kernott [2011] UKSC 53, Supreme Court
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: August 2019

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Jones v Kernott [2011] UKSC 53, Supreme Court. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
R (on the application of Best) v Chief Land Registrar [2015] EWCA Civ 17, Court of Appeal
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: August 2019

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R (on the application of Best) v Chief Land Registrar [2015] EWCA Civ 17, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Midland Bank Trust Co. Ltd v Green [1981] AC 513, House of Lords
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: August 2019

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Midland Bank Trust Co. Ltd v Green [1981] AC 513, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
William & Glynn’s Bank v Boland [1981] AC 487, House of Lords
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: August 2019

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in William & Glynn’s Bank v Boland [1981] AC 487, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
McDonald v McDonald [2016] UKSC 28, Supreme Court
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: August 2019

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in McDonald v McDonald [2016] UKSC 28, Supreme Court. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Binions v Evans [1972] Ch 359, Court of Appeal
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: August 2019

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Binions v Evans [1972] Ch 359, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
National Provincial Bank v Ainsworth [1965] AC 1175, House of Lords
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: August 2019

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in National Provincial Bank v Ainsworth [1965] AC 1175, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.