bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Guideline Highlights for the Hospitalist: Secondary Fracture Prevention for Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Siau Evan , Harrington Matthew , Steinberg Daniel , Burger Alfred
Published: February 2021

GUIDELINE TITLE

Secondary Fracture Prevention: Consensus Clinical Recommendations from a Multistakeholder Coalition

RELEASE DATE

September 20, 2019

PRIOR VERSION

Not applicable

DEVELOPER

American Society for Bone and Mineral Research Task Force and Multistakeholder Coalition

FUNDING SOURCE

American Society for Bone and Mineral Research and the Center for Medical Technology Policy

TARGET POPULATION

Adults 65 years or older with a hip or vertebral fracture. This review will focus on the core recommendations and their application in the practice of hospital medicine.
Raman Spectroscopy as an Online Gauge for Process Analysis in the Pulp Industry
Authors: Christy Ashton , Bicho Paul , Iranmanesh Flora , Grant Kiara , Grant Edward
Published: February 2021

We present the development of an automated process control technology that employs Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics in the pulp and paper industry, improving efficiency, reducing costs, and providing the opportunity to make product quality guarantees.
Real-time Steam Quality Measurement using Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy for Process Industries
Authors: Chandra Manish , Seshadri Satyanarayanan , Vasa Nilesh J
Published: February 2021

Process industry mostly uses steam as an indispensable source of energy. We are presenting a technique to measure quality in real time where single laser diode tuning capabilities is being utilized to generate arbitrary modulated laser intensity for non-absorbing and absorbing wavelength of water vapor and eliminates uses of multiple laser source.
Applications of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and Raman Spectroscopy in Nuclear Environments Conference
Authors: Martin Philip A. , Coffey Paul , Smith Nicholas
Published: February 2021

This paper describes the design and operation of an optical sensing system for the remote characterisation of nuclear environments on robotic platforms. The instruments are operated independently and results incorporated into 3D spatial mapping.
Thermal Hyperspectral Imaging for Gas Detection and Mining Applications
Authors: Saute Benjamin , Gagnon Jean-Philippe , Boubanga Stéphan , Bourliguet Bruno
Published: February 2021

Thermal hyperspectral imaging is a versatile tool for industrial applications. In this talk, results from a two separate measurement campaigns are presented to illustrate the utility of hyperspectral imaging for gas detection and mining applications.
Application of continuous wavelet transform for elimination of spectral interference in UV spectroscopy
Authors: Balachandran Aravind , Seshadri Satyanarayanan
Published: February 2021

A novel method of spectrum analysis based on frequency of absorption spectrum is developed. Gas sensing of Sulphur dioxide in 200-220 nm has error due to spectral interference from absorption of other gases. This is minimized by analysing frequency component of spectra obtained by continuous wavelet transform which represents only Sulphur dioxide.
Industrial Application Examples of Miniature and Robust MEMS-based Spectrometers
Authors: Zimmerleiter Robert , Reischer Thomas , Duswald Kristina , Pawliczek Marcin , Brandstetter Markus
Published: February 2021

Miniature spectrometers based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are a compact, cost-efficient and rugged alternative to conventional infrared spectrometers. Different practical applications of this emerging technology are presented to demonstrate its applicability in industrial process monitoring.
Dual-Frequency Comb Hyperspectral Imaging by Massively Parallelized Infrared Detection and Machine Learning
Authors: Voumard Thibault , Wildi Thibault , Brasch Victor , Alvarez Raul Gutierrez , Ogando Germán Vergara , Herr Tobias
Published: February 2021

Hyperspectral imaging of narrow gas-phase absorption features is demonstrated using massively parallelized dual-frequency comb heterodyne detection. Images are acquired by a 128x128 pixel infrared detector array and reconstructed by a neural network in quasi-real time.
Open-path dual-comb spectroscopy in the 4.5 to 4.9 pm region for multi-species detection
Authors: Cossel K. , Herman D. , Waxman E. , Giorgetta F. , Baumann E. , Ycas G. , Peischl J. , Coddington I. , Newbury N.
Published: February 2021

Open-path dual-comb spectroscopy in the 4.5-4.9 pm region is performed over a 300 m- long link to quantify mixing ratios for CO, CO2, N2O, H2O, and O3.
LED Mini-lidar Development for Surface Atmosphere Activity Observation
Authors: Shiina Tatsuo
Published: February 2021

The surface atmosphere lias quick motion and small air-cell activity. To observe such behaviors, the LED lidars lias been developed with higher pulse repetition frequency of >500kHz and the optical pulse power of 1 - lOnJ at pulse width of 10ns.
Collection of Fluorescence Spectrum of Aerosol-Candidate- Substance for Fluorescence Lidar Application
Authors: Saito Yasunori , Kameya Keita , Ogasawara Akane , Kirinaka Takuya , Utsunomiya Seiya , Yabuki Masanori
Published: February 2021

We collected the fluorescence spectrum of natural and artificial substances found in surroundings that they are candidates of aerosol. The collection offers essential information for designing fluorescence lidars and understanding the lidar results.
Direct and Fast Detection of Trace Selenium in Water by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and by Laser-Ablation-Assisted Laser-Induced Fluorescence
Authors: de Lima Filho Elton Soares , Harhira Aïssa , Haddad Josette El , Bouchard Paul , Sabsabi Mohamad , Blouin Alain , Lamouche Guy
Published: February 2021

Direct and fast detection of trace selenium in water, without any form of pre-concentration, is demonstrated. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and laser-ablation-assisted laser-induced fluorescence are used, achieving limits-of-detection down to 56 ppm and 315 ppb, respectively.
Smartphone sensing of multiple heavy metal ion contaminants in drinking water
Authors: Nguyen Hoang , Misbah Ibrahim , Shih Wei-Chuan
Published: February 2021

We report an array-based smartphone sensor for multiplex detection and quantitation of lead and mercury ions in drinking water without the addition of any solution reagent. The detection limits for lead and mercury are below EPA action levels at 15 ppb and 2 ppb, respectively.
In-Situ Gases Monitoring Using Mid-infrared Gradient Bragg Grating Cavities
Authors: Yang Jinghao , Lin Pao Tai
Published: February 2021

In-Situ gas analysis were illustrated by using mid-Infrared (mid-IR) gradient Bragg grating cavities. Gas mixtures were noninvasively monitored by tracing the characteristic gas absorption bands with algorithmic analysis.
Passive Polarimetrie Remote Sensing of Cloud Thermodynamic Phase
Authors: Shaw Joseph A. , Eshelman Laura M. , Taue Martin Jan , Rehbein Elizabeth M. , Nakagawa Wataru
Published: February 2021

Determining if clouds contain water in the liquid or ice phase is critical for determining how the cloud impacts weather and climate or electromagnetic propagation generally. Cloud phase remote sensing is often done with passively measured radiance ratios or lidar cross-polarization measurements. We summarize our use of passive polarimetric sensing from the ground to determine cloud thermodynamic phase, with lidar cross-polarization detection used as ground truth. This capability is illustrated with an all-sky visible-and-near-infrared polarization imager and a three-spectral-channel short-wave-infrared polarimeter.
Time-Resolved Measurement of Combustion Gases in HighExplosive Detonations using a Swept-Wavelength External Cavity Quantum Cascade Laser
Authors: Phillips Mark C. , Bernacki Bruce E. , Harilal Sivanandan S. , Brumfield Brian E. , Schwallier Joel M. , Glumac Nick G.
Published: February 2021

A swept-wavelength external cavity quanhim cascade laser measures broadband infrared absolution spectra from 2050-2300 cm-1 at a 100 Hz rate to determine time-resolved temperabrre and column densities of CO, CO2, H2O, and N2O in high-explosive detonations.
High-Speed Standoff Chemical Plume Detection Using Swept-Wavelength External Cavity Quantum Cascade Lasers
Authors: Phillips Mark C. , Bernacki Bruce E. , Harilal Sivanandan S. , Yeak Jeremy , Jones R. Jason
Published: February 2021

We characterize performance of a standoff detection system based on a swept-wavelength external cavity quantum cascade laser (ECQCL) tuned from 955-1195 cm-1 (8.37-10.47 pm) at 400 Hz for detection of transient chemical plumes.
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Diagnostics for Nuclear Debris
Authors: Shattan Michael B. , Rao Ashwin P. , Wood Jason C.
Published: February 2021

This paper demonstrates the suitability of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for nuclear debris analysis by presenting LIBS elemental maps of surrogate nuclear debris and isotopic measurements of lithium, a nuclear fuel, via LIBS and chemometrics.
Fast THz Dual-Comb spectrometer with hyperspectral multioctave interrogation capabilities
Authors: de Dios Cristina , Martin-Mateos Pedro , Jerez Borja , Betancur Andrés , Barreiro Roberto , Acedo Pablo
Published: February 2021

We present a frequency THz Dual-Comb spectrometer based on electro-optic modulators that provides multi-octave fast interrogation in the THz range (20GHz - ITHz). The architecture is easily tunable and also offers dynamic spectroscopic information with a resolution of 1ms. This feature is complemented by ultra-narrow linewidth teeth and total control over central and repetition frequencies.
Carbon Monoxide (CO) Detection based on a Miniaturized QEPAS Sensor
Authors: Tatenguem Hervé , Josnan Amrita D. , Milde Tobias , Hoppe Morten , Schmidtmann Sebastian , Sacher Joachim
Published: February 2021

QEPAS is a modem and compact technique suitable for trace gas detection. Currently limitations originate from bulky control-electronics, like lock-in-amplifiers. We report on reducing size and energy of FPGA-based devices with application in CO detection.
Multi-Species Trace Gas Sensor Based on a Mid-Infrared Supercontinuum Source for Monitoring of Fruit Storage
Authors: Jahromi Khalil Eslami , Pan Qing , Nematollahi Mohammadreza , Abbas Muhammad Ali , Khodabakhsh Amir , Harren Frans J.M.
Published: February 2021

We present a multi-species trace gas sensor based on broadband mid-infrared absorption spectroscopy as well as its application to measure fruit-produced volatiles under different atmospheric conditions, demonstrating its potential for monitoring fruit storage rooms.
Characterization of tracers for two-color laser-induced fluorescence liquid-phase temperature imaging in sprays
Authors: Prenting Markus , Dreier Thomas , Schulz Christof
Published: February 2021

We recorded temperahrre-dependent fluorescence spectra of nine laser dyes for their suitability for dvo-color laser-induced fluorescence (2cLIF) thermometry in liquid sprays. Due to the high temperahrre sensitivity and a large Stokes shift, coumarin 152 hrrned out to be most suited. Temperature imaging is demonstrated in an ethanol spray flame.
Recent Advances in Near Infrared Precision Spectroscopy for Laboratory Astrophysics
Authors: Rutkowski Lucile , Georges Robert , Sobon Grzegorz
Published: February 2021

Laboratory astrophysics aims at studying species and processes occurring in the interstellar medium and planetaiy atmospheres. Cavity ring-down spectroscopy combined with optical frequency comb Fourier transform spectroscopy techniques will be introduced.
Apodization in dual-comb spectroscopy for rapid measurement
Authors: Tourigny-Plante Alex , Guay Philippe , Genest Jéròme
Published: February 2021

We add optical referencing to a technique interrogating gas samples with two frequency combs by varying their repetition rate difference periodically. The reduce interferogram measurement time yields an improved SNR and an optimized resolution.
High-speed Measurements in Reacting and Non-reacting Flows using Burst-mode Lasers
Authors: Grib S.W. , Hsu P.S. , Jiang N. , Felver J.J. , Schumaker S.A. , Roy S.
Published: February 2021

This paper demonstrates 100 kHz Kr planar laser-induced fluorescence in a non-reacting jet. This is repetition rate is 10,000 times faster than previous nanosecond-duration Kr PLIF measurements, providing the potential to time-resolve high-speed flows.
LWIR Dual-Comb System for Time-Resolved Spectral Analysis
Authors: Rhoades Ryan T. , Lecaplain Caroline , Phillips Mark , Schunemann Peter G. , Jones R. Jason
Published: February 2021

We present an all-fiber coherent dual-comb system suitable to perform time-resolved spectroscopy measurements in the long-wave infrared.
Ultrasensitive Diagnostics in Combustion Environments: Progress and Trends in Intracavity Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Fjodorow Peter
Published: February 2021

Since first proposal in 1970, intracavity absorption spectroscopy (ICAS) has matured into a powerful diagnostics technique. This talk will review several recent ICAS applications to combustion diagnostics based on homemade broadband crystal, fiber and dye lasers. In addition, promising directions for future developments in ICAS will be sketched.
Combining laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) for flame diagnostics
Authors: Kiefer J. , Vanselow C. , Fischer A.
Published: February 2021

We present quasi-simultaneous laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and particle imaging velocimetiy (PIV) for sttrdying reacting flows. This allows a point measurement of the equivalence ratio and determining the flow field at the same time.
Robust super-resolution depth imaging via a multi-feature fusion deep network
Authors: Ruget Alice , McLaughlin Stephen , Henderson Robert K. , Gyongy Istvan , Halimi Abderrahim , Leach Jonathan
Published: February 2021

The number of applications that use depth imaging is increasing rapidly, e.g. self-driving autonomous vehicles and auto-focus assist on smartphone cameras. Light detection and ranging (LIDAR) via single-photon sensitive detector (SPAD) arrays is an emerging technology that enables the acquisition of depth images at high frame rates. However, the spatial resolution of this technology is typically low in comparison to the intensity images recorded by conventional cameras. To increase the native resolution of depth images from a SPAD camera, we develop a deep network built to take advantage of the multiple features that can be extracted from a camera’s histogram data. The network is designed for a SPAD camera operating in a dual-mode such that it captures alternate low resolution depth and high resolution intensity images at high frame rates, thus the system does not require any additional sensor to provide intensity images. The network then uses the intensity images and multiple features extracted from down-sampled histograms to guide the up-sampling of the depth. Our network provides significant image resolution enhancement and image denoising across a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios and photon levels. Additionally, we show that the network can be applied to other data types of SPAD data, demonstrating the generality of the algorithm.
Internal nanocavity based high-resolution and stable structural colours fabricated by laser printing
Authors: Wang Lei , Ma Lijun , Zhao Qiuling , Wang Shu , Wang Xiaofeng , Zhang Chen , Wang Xia , Liu Qian
Published: February 2021

Bioinspired structural colors are attracting increasing attention in photonics, display, labeling and so forth. High-resolution and stable coloration is significant but is challenging to be fabricated in a facile and low-cost way. Herein, multilayer architecture containing an internal nanocavity as the structural color unit is obtained conveniently by direct nanosecond laser printing in atmosphere condition. Arbitrary colorful patterns with submicron accuracy can be realized only by a single step. And such structural colors induced by inner structures in the interlayer are antipollutive, antioxidative and easy to clean.
Quantum-inspired terahertz spectroscopy with visible photons
Authors: Kutas Mirco , Haase Björn , Klier Jens , Molter Daniel , von Freymann Georg
Published: February 2021

Terahertz technology offers solutions in nondestructive testing and spectroscopy for many scientific and industrial applications. While direct detection of photons in this frequency range is difficult to achieve, quantum optics provides a highly attractive alternative: it enables the characterization of materials in hardly accessible spectral ranges by measuring easily detectable photons of a different spectral range. Here we report on the application of this principle to terahertz spectroscopy, measuring absorption features of chemicals at sub-terahertz frequencies by detecting visible photons. To generate the needed correlated signal-idler photon pairs, a periodically poled lithium niobate crystal and a 660 nm continuous-wave pump source are used. After propagating through a single-crystal nonlinear interferometer, the pump photons are filtered by narrowband volume Bragg gratings. An uncooled scientific CMOS camera detects the frequency-angular spectra of the remaining visible signal and reveals terahertz-spectral information. Neither cooled detectors nor expensive pulsed lasers for coherent detection are required.
Ultra-Precise Time and Frequency Transfer through Turbulent Air
Authors: Sinclair Laura C. , Swann William C. , Bodine Martha I. , Ellis Jennifer , Hannah Emily D. , Stevenson Sarah , Manurkar Paritosh , Deschenes Jean-Daniel , Newbury Nathan R.
Published: February 2021

Optical two-way time-frequency transfer, based on the exchange of frequency comb pulses, can support femtosecond-level time transfer and 10-18-level frequency comparison. Here, we present recent results with a focus on the impact of atmospheric turbulence.
Atmospheric propagation of sub-picosecond pulses at 10 pm
Authors: Thul Daniel , Bernath Robert , Fairchild Shermineh Rostami , Richardson Martin , Everitt Henry
Published: February 2021

This work presents the design and performance of a 10 pm sub-picosecond laser source. Initial measurements of high-intensity atmospheric propagation are also presented, which represent the first kilometer-range studies of ultrashort pulses in this wavelength regime.
Lagrangian Scaling Law for Atmospheric Propagation
Authors: Bragdon Sophia Potoczak , Cargill Daniel , Grosek Jacob
Published: February 2021

The Lagrangian scaling law provides a new approach to approximating atmospheric propagation in weak turbulence. It is based on pairing the variational formulation of the stochastic paraxial Helmholtz equation with a parameterized Gaussian beam ansatz.
All-silicon dual-cavity fiber-optic pressure sensor with ultralow pressure-temperature cross-sensitivity and wide working temperature range
Authors: Wang Xue , Jiang Junfeng , Wang Shuang , Liu Kun , Liu Tiegen
Published: February 2021

Pressure-temperature cross-sensitivity and its accompanying temperature-related stability is a nerve-wracking obstruction for pressure sensor performance in a wide temperature range. To solve this problem, we propose a novel (to the best of our knowledge) all-silicon dual-cavity optical Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI) pressure sensor. The all-silicon structure has high intrinsic reflectivity and is able to eliminate the influence of thermal-expansion-mismatch-induced stress and chemical-reaction-induced gas generation, and therefore, in essence, enhances measurement accuracy. From the experiment results, the pressure-temperature cross-sensitivity is reduced to be

∼
5.96
  
Pa
/
°
C

, which presents the lowest pressure-temperature cross-sensitivity among the FPI pressure sensors with the capability of surviving high temperatures up to 700°C thereby opening the way for high-precision pressure monitoring in various harsh and remote environments.
On-demand design of spectrally sensitive multiband absorbers using an artificial neural network
Authors: So Sunae , Yang Younghwan , Lee Taejun , Rho Junsuk
Published: February 2021

We report an approach assisted by deep learning to design spectrally sensitive multiband absorbers that work in the visible range. We propose a five-layered metal-insulator-metal grating structure composed of aluminum and silicon dioxide, and we design its structural parameters by using an artificial neural network (ANN). For a spectrally sensitive design, spectral information of resonant wavelengths is additionally provided as input as well as the reflection spectrum. The ANN facilitates highly robust design of a grating structure that has an average mean squared error (MSE) of 0.023. The optical properties of the designed structures are validated using electromagnetic simulations and experiments. Analysis of design results for gradually changing target wavelengths of input shows that the trained ANN can learn physical knowledge from data. We also propose a method to reduce the size of the ANN by exploiting observations of the trained ANN for practical applications. Our design method can also be applied to design various nanophotonic structures that are particularly sensitive to resonant wavelengths, such as spectroscopic detection and multi-color applications.
Optical Atmospheric Air-Speed Sensor for EDL Operations
Authors: Salameh Elie R. , Silva Jaime Da , Otugen M. Volkan , Fourguette Dominique
Published: February 2021

An optical whispering-gallery-mode resonator-based speed sensor concept for atmospheric entry, descent, and landing operations is proposed and preliminary results are discussed. The sensor is intended as a compact and reliable alternative to inertial sensors.
Nano-optical CMOS Systems for Bio-molecular Sensing: In-vitro and In-vivo
Authors: Sengupta Kaushik
Published: February 2021

In this paper, I will highlight approaches towards enabling CMOS-based in tegrated nano-optical sensing systems that are wireless connected, of millimeter-scale and capable of allowing multiplexed bio-molecular sensing platforms in in-vitro and in-vivo settings.
Optical Sensing in Laser Material Processing Applications
Authors: Rahaman Arifur , Du Xinpeng , Kar Aravinda , Yu Xiaoming
Published: February 2021

Material processing is a type of laser applications that requires good control of lasermatter interaction under the condition of high average laser power and high peak intensity. In this talk, I will present examples of applying optical sensing in ultrafast laser processing of polymetric materials to identify optimal processing parameter and achieve closed-loop operation.
Photothermal Gas Sensor in a Linear Cavity Mode-locked Fiber Laser Configuration
Authors: Krzempek Karol , Kozioł Paweł , Dudzik Grzegorz , Jaworski Piotr , Bojęś Piotr , Abramski Krzysztof
Published: February 2021

An unique photothermal gas sensor configuration employing a simple, mode-locked fiber laser is presented. The concentration of the measured gas sample was encoded in the deviation of pulse repetition frequency, which can be easily demodulated.
High-performance Biomolecular Sensor Employing Nanophotonic Structures for Passively Trapping Analyte Molecules at Sensing Hotspots
Authors: Miao Xianglong , Yan Lingyue , Wu Yun , Liu Peter Q.
Published: February 2021

We demonstrate a high-sensitivity mid-infrared molecular absorption spectroscopy- based biomolecular sensor, which employs nanostructures for passively concentrating and trapping analyte molecules in a drying solution to photonic hotspots where optical fields are highly enhanced.
PECVD Silicon Nitride Photonic Integrated Circuits and Key Building Blocks for Sensing Applications
Authors: Hainberger Rainer , Muellner Paul , Nevlacsil Stefan , Eggeling Moritz , Maese-Novo Alejandro , Vogelbacher Florian , Sagmeister Martin , Kraft Jochen , Seyringe Dana , Trupp Sabine , Henfling Michael , Plesshoff Svenja , Vaupot Jan , Sladecek Marcel , Rank Elisabet , Drexler Wolfgang
Published: February 2021

We report the development of CMOS compatible PECVD silicon nitride waveguide based photonic integrated circuits and their application for optical coherence tomography (OCT) and colorimetric gas sensing.
Integrated optical waveguide gas sensing using amplifier assisted technique
Authors: Li Wenying , Han Yu , Chen Zanhui , Wang Leiyun , Jiang Haisong , Hamamoto Kiichi
Published: February 2021

We demonstrate gas sensing using integrated SÌO2 high-mesa waveguide within 0.9 xQ.9 cm2 size. By utilizing the amplifier assisted technique, 3% CO2 was successfully detected.
Rapid and Digital Detection of Inflammatory Biomarkers Enabled by a Novel Portable Nanoplasmonic Imager
Authors: Belushkin Alexander , Yesilkoy Filiz , González-López Juan Jose , Ruiz-Rodríguez Juan Carlos , Ferrer Ricard , Fàbrega Anna , Altug Hatice
Published: February 2021

Sepsis is a critical health threat, and its survival strictly depends on early diagnosis. A novel portable biosensor based on nanoparticle-enhanced digital plasmonic imaging is reported for rapid and sensitive detection of two sepsis-related biomarkers, procalcitonin and C-reactive protein directly from blood senrm.
High spatial resolution optical fiber thermometers for applications in harsh environments
Authors: Vázquez C. , Núñez-Cascajero A. , Tapetado A. , Barrondo I. , Barreiro X.
Published: February 2021

Spatial resolution and tolerance analysis of optical fiber pyrometers for high speed temperature measurements in difficult to access areas in machining superalloys, in seismic phenomena or in energy delivery by light systems are reported.
Resolving Predicament Related to the Hysteresis and Temperature Effect in FBG-Based Current Sensors by Utilizing Machine Learning
Authors: Sarkar Sanjib , Banerjee Mandrita , Tarhani Mehdi , Eghbal Morad Khosravi , Shadaram Mehdi
Published: February 2021

This paper presents machine learning application to compensate for hysteresis and temperature effects in magnetostrictive-Fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based current sensors. The proposed technique will reduce complexity and cost of FBG-based current sensors.
A Design Methodology for Resonant Sensors based on Subwavelength Grating Waveguides at 1.31 μm
Authors: Pérez-Armenta C. , Čtyroký J. , Cheben P. , Schmid Jens H. , Ortega-Moñux A. , Halir R. , Molina-Fernández I. , Wangüemert-Pérez J. G.
Published: February 2021

We provide a family of sensitivity curves for the design of resonant evanescent field waveguide sensors based on subwavelength grating waveguides. Using these curves, a novel Bragg sensor at 1.31 jun is proposed achieving a sensitivity of 500 nm/RIU.
Laser Doppler velocimeter applied to the measurement of the speed of rotation of a dispersing disk
Authors: Gonzales L , Mosquera L , Eyzaguirre C
Published: February 2021

A disk is driven to rotate, Doppler laser velocimetry is applied to measure the tangential velocity of points on the disk from the analysis of the originated burst Doppler signal.
Development and use of miRNA-derived SSR markers for the study of genetic diversity, population structure, and characterization of genotypes for breeding heat tolerant wheat varieties
Authors: Tyagi Sandhya , Kumar Anuj , Gautam Tinku , Pandey Renu , Rustgi Sachin , Mir Reyazul Rouf
Published: February 2021

Heat stress is an important abiotic factor that limits wheat production globally, including south-east Asia. The importance of micro (mi) RNAs in gene expression under various biotic and abiotic stresses is well documented. Molecular markers, specifically simple sequence repeats (SSRs), play an important role in the wheat improvement breeding programs. Given the role of miRNAs in heat stress-induced transcriptional regulation and acclimatization, the development of miRNA-derived SSRs would prove useful in studying the allelic diversity at the heat-responsive miRNA-genes in wheat. In the present study, efforts have been made to identify SSRs from 96 wheat heat-responsive miRNA-genes and their characterization using a panel of wheat genotypes with contrasting reactions (tolerance/susceptible) to heat stress. A set of 13 miRNA-derived SSR markers were successfully developed as an outcome. These miRNA-SSRs are located on 11 different common wheat chromosomes (2A, 3A, 3B, 3D, 4D, 5A, 5B, 5D, 6A, 6D, and 7A). Among 13 miRNA-SSRs, seven were polymorphic on a set of 37 selected wheat genotypes. Within these polymorphic SSRs, three makers, namely HT-169j, HT-160a, and HT-160b, were found promising as they could discriminate heat-tolerant and heat-susceptible genotypes. This is the first report of miRNA-SSR development in wheat and their deployment in genetic diversity and population structure studies and characterization of trait-specific germplasm. The study suggests that this new class of molecular makers has great potential in the marker-assisted breeding (MAB) programs targeted at improving heat tolerance and other adaptability or developmental traits in wheat and other crops.
The effect of central bank communication on sovereign bond yields: The case of Hungary
Authors: Máté Ákos , Sebők Miklós , Barczikay Tamás
Published: February 2021

In this article we investigate how the public communication of the Hungarian Central Bank’s Monetary Council (MC) affects Hungarian sovereign bond yields. This research ties into the advances made in the financial and political economy literature which rely on extensive textual data and quantitative text analysis tools. While prior research demonstrated that forward guidance, in the form of council meeting minutes or press releases can be used as predictors of rate decisions, we are interested in whether they are able to directly influence asset returns as well. In order to capture the effect of central bank communication, we measure the latent hawkish or dovish sentiment of MC press releases from 2005 to 2019 by applying a sentiment dictionary, a staple in the text mining toolkit. Our results show that central bank forward guidance has an intra-year effect on bond yields. However, the hawkish or dovish sentiment of press releases has no impact on maturities of one year or longer where the policy rate proves to be the most important explanatory variable. Our research also contributes to the literature by applying a specialized dictionary to monetary policy as well as broadening the discussion by analyzing a case from the non-eurozone Central-Eastern region of the European Union.
Safety, efficacy and airway complications of the flexible laryngeal mask airway in functional endoscopic sinus surgery: A retrospective study of 6661 patients
Authors: Xi Chunhua , Shi Dongjing , Cui Xu , Wang Guyan
Published: February 2021

Objectives

Although the flexible laryngeal mask airway (FLMA) provides considerable advantages in head and neck procedures, little is known about its safety and efficacy in functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the success rate of FLMA and relevant airway complications in FESS under general anaesthesia.

Methods

A retrospective review of consecutive patients who underwent FESS for chronic rhinosinusitis was performed from 2015 to 2019. All patients scheduled for FLMA ventilation were identified. Patient characteristics, length of the surgery, FLMA size, failed FLMA cases requiring endotracheal intubation, immediate adverse airway events and delayed airway injuries were recorded. The primary outcomes included the FLMA success rate, which was defined as primary success after induction and final success after the whole surgical procedure. The secondary outcomes were specific clinical factors associated with FLMA failure and airway complications related to FLMA usage.

Results

Of the 6661 patients included in our study, primary success was achieved in 6572 (98.7%), and final success was achieved in 6512 (97.8%). Failure occurred in 89 patients (1.3%) during induction, in 14 (0.2%) during surgical preparation and in 46 (0.7%) during the intraoperative procedure. All patients with failed FLMA ventilation were successfully switched to endotracheal intubation. Male sex, advanced age, higher American Society of Anesthesiologists grade (ASA) and higher body mass index (BMI) were independent risk factors associated with failed FLMA. Immediate adverse respiratory events were observed in 0.85% of the patients, and delayed airway injuries associated with use of FLMA were observed in 0.07%.

Conclusion

This retrospective study demonstrates a high success rate for FLMA (97.8% in 6661 patients undergoing FESS). Adverse airway events and injuries associated with FLMA are rare, but clinicians should remain vigilant so that early diagnosis and prompt treatment can be provided.
Prognostic value of variables derived from heart rate variability in patients with traumatic brain injury after decompressive surgery
Authors: Lu Hsueh-Yi , Huang Abel Po-Hao , Kuo Lu-Ting
Published: February 2021

Measurement of heart rate variability can reveal autonomic nervous system function. Changes in heart rate variability can be associated with disease severity, risk of complications, and prognosis. We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of heart rate variability measurements in patients with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury after decompression surgery. We conducted a prospective study of 80 patients with traumatic brain injury after decompression surgery using a noninvasive electrocardiography device for data collection. Assessment of heart rate variability parameters included the time and frequency domains. The correlations between heart rate variability parameters and one-year mortality and functional outcomes were analyzed. Time domain measures of heart rate variability, using the standard deviation of the RR intervals and the square root of the mean squared differences of successive RR intervals, were statistically significantly lower in the group of patients with unfavorable outcomes and those that died. In frequency domain analysis, very low-frequency and total power were significantly higher in patients with favorable functional outcomes. High-frequency, low-frequency, and total power were statistically significantly higher in patients who survived for more than one year. Multivariate analysis using a model combining age and the Glasgow Coma Scale score with variables derived from heart rate variability substantially improved the prognostic value for predicting long-term outcome. These findings reinforced the concept that traumatic brain injury impacts the brain-heart axis and cardiac autonomic modulation even after decompression surgery, and variables derived from heart rate variability may be useful predictors of outcome.
Comparison of extracellular vesicle isolation and storage methods using high-sensitivity flow cytometry
Authors: Deville Sarah , Berckmans Pascale , Van Hoof Rebekka , Lambrichts Ivo , Salvati Anna , Nelissen Inge
Published: February 2021

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are of interest for a wide variety of biomedical applications. A major limitation for the clinical use of EVs is the lack of standardized methods for the fast and reproducible separation and subsequent detection of EV subpopulations from biofluids, as well as their storage. To advance this application area, fluorescence-based characterization technologies with single-EV resolution, such as high-sensitivity flow cytometry (HS-FCM), are powerful to allow assessment of EV fractionation methods and storage conditions. Furthermore, the use of HS-FCM and fluorescent labeling of EV subsets is expanding due to the potential of high-throughput, multiplex analysis, but requires further method development to enhance the reproducibility of measurements. In this study, we have applied HS-FCM measurements next to standard EV characterization techniques, including nanoparticle tracking analysis, to compare the yield and purity of EV fractions obtained from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocytic THP-1 cells by two EV isolation methods, differential centrifugation followed by ultracentrifugation and the exoEasy membrane affinity spin column purification. We observed differences in EV yield and purity. In addition, we have investigated the influence of EV storage at 4°C or -80°C for up to one month on the EV concentration and the stability of EV-associated fluorescent labels. The concentration of the in vitro cell derived EV fractions was shown to remain stable under the tested storage conditions, however, the fluorescence intensity of labeled EV stored at 4°C started to decline within one day.
Patient safety culture and associated factors among health care professionals at public hospitals in Dessie town, north east Ethiopia, 2019
Authors: Mohammed Fentaw , Taddele Mekuanint , Gualu Tenaw
Published: February 2021

Introduction

Patient safety culture is defined as the attitudes, perceptions, and values that staffs share within an organization related to patient safety. The safety of health care is now a major global concern. It is likely that millions of people suffer disabling injuries or death directly related to medical care. Particularly in developing and transitional countries, patient harm is a global public health problem. The objective of the study is to assess patient safety culture and associated factors among health care professionals working in public hospitals in Dessie town, North East Ethiopia, 2019.

Methods

Facility based quantitative study was employed from March 15 –April 30, 2019 in public hospitals in Dessie town. Four hundred and twenty two health care professionals were recruited to complete a structured pretested self-administered questionnaire. The data was cleaned, coded and entered in to Epi Info-7 and exported to SPSS version 20. Data was further analyzed using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Variables with P value of less than 0.05 in multivariate analysis were declared as statistically significant at 95% CI.

Results

Of the 422 recruited a total of 411 participants completed the survey with a response rate of 97.4%. Close to half (184(44.8%)) of the participants indicated good patient safety culture. Good patient safety culture was positively associated with working in primary hospital (AOR = 2.56, 95% CI = 1.56, 4.21). On the other hand, good patient safety culture was negatively associated with health professional’s age between 25–34 year (AOR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.08–0.74) and working in Pediatrics ward (AOR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.17–0.9) and in emergency ward (AOR = O.25, 95%CI = 0.09–0.67).

Conclusion

The overall level of patient safety culture was under 50%. Good patient safety culture had positive association with working in primary hospital and negative association with professionals’ age between 25–29 year, 30–34 year and working in pediatrics and emergency ward. Implementing actions that support all dimensions of safety culture should be promoted at all levels of hospitals.
Symptom perception and functioning in patients with advanced cancer
Authors: Yang Eun Joo , Lee Keun Seok , Lim Myong Cheol , Baek Ji Yeon , Han Ji-Youn , Yu Eun-Seung , Chung Seung Hyun
Published: February 2021

Purpose

To explore how symptom perception affects functioning in patients with advanced cancer.

Materials and methods

We conducted a cross-sectional observational study of 459 advanced cancer patients at the national cancer center. Functioning was assessed using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) II, and symptoms were evaluated using the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale-Short Form. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to develop a structural model based on different symptom perceptions, such as somatic sensation and experienced symptoms.

Results

The structural model of disability revealed a significant direct pathway involving somatic sensation (β = 16.11, p < 0.001). Experienced symptoms significantly affected somatic sensations (β = 0.717, p < 0.001) but were not directly associated with disability. Unidimensional models exhibited a poor fit. In contrast, a complex model with first-order (somatic sensation) and second-order (experienced symptoms) factors provided an excellent fit, with comparative fit indexes (CFIs) and Tucker Lewis indexes (TLI) of more than 0.950 threshold.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that relationships to functioning may vary between somatic sensations versus experienced symptoms. The structure of symptoms is best conceptualized by direct somatic sensation and indirect experienced symptoms. A better understanding of symptom perception and the relationship between symptoms and function would facilitate the development of effective rehabilitation programs.
In vivo effects of olive oil and trans-fatty acids on miR-134, miR-132, miR-124-1, miR-9-3 and mTORC1 gene expression in a DMBA-treated mouse model
Authors: Molnar Richard , Szabo Laszlo , Tomesz Andras , Deutsch Arpad , Darago Richard , Ghodratollah Nowrasteh , Varjas Timea , Nemeth Balazs , Budan Ferenc , Kiss Istvan
Published: February 2021

Both the intake of beneficial olive oil and of harmful trans-fatty acids (TFAs) in consumed foods are of great significance in tumor biology. In our present study we examined the effects they exert on the expression patterns of miR-134, miR-132, miR-124-1, miR-9-3 and mTOR in the liver, spleen and kidney of mice treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz [a] anthracene (DMBA). Feeding of TFA-containing diet significantly increased the expression of all studied miRs and mTORC1 in all organs examined, except the expression of mTORC1 in the spleen and kidney. Diet containing olive oil significantly reduced the expression of miR-124-1, miR-9-3 and mTORC1 in the liver and spleen. In the kidney, apart from the mTORC1 gene, the expression of all miRs examined significantly decreased compared to the DMBA control. According to our results, the cell membrane protective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of olive oil and the cell membrane damaging, inflammatory, and carcinogenic properties of TFA suggest negative feedback regulatory mechanisms. In contrast to our expectations, mTORC1 gene expression in the kidney has not been shown to be an appropriate biomarker–presumably, because the many complex effects that regulate mTOR expression may quench each other.
Mobile apps for detecting falsified and substandard drugs: A systematic review
Authors: Ciapponi Agustín , Donato Manuel , Gülmezoglu A. Metin , Alconada Tomás , Bardach Ariel
Published: February 2021

The use of substandard and counterfeit medicines (SCM) leads to significant health and economic consequences, like treatment failure, rise of antimicrobial resistance, extra expenditures of individuals or households and serious adverse drug reactions including death. Our objective was to systematically search, identify and compare relevant available mobile applications (apps) for smartphones and tablets, which use could potentially affect clinical and public health outcomes. We carried out a systematic review of the literature in January 2020, including major medical databases, and app stores. We used the validated Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) to assess the quality of apps, (1 worst score, 3 acceptable score, and 5 best score). We planned to evaluate the accuracy of the mobile apps to detect SCM. We retrieved 335 references through medical databases and 42 from Apple, Google stores and Google Scholar. We finally included two studies of the medical database, 25 apps (eight from the App Store, eight from Google Play, eight from both stores, and one from Google Scholar), and 16 websites. We only found one report on the accuracy of a mobile apps detecting SCMs. Most apps use the imprint, color or shape for pill identification, and only a few offer pill detection through photographs or bar code. The MARS mean score for the apps was 3.17 (acceptable), with a maximum of 4.9 and a minimum of 1.1. The ‘functionality’ dimension resulted in the highest mean score (3.4), while the ‘engagement’ and ‘information’ dimensions showed the lowest one (3.0). In conclusion, we found a remarkable evidence gap about the accuracy of mobile apps in detecting SCMs. However, mobile apps could potentially be useful to screen for SCM by assessing the physical characteristics of pills, although this should still be assessed in properly designed research studies.
Brazilian version of the Personal Report of Communication Apprehension: Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation among healthcare students
Authors: de Araújo Dyego Carlos Souza Anacleto , Pereira Sylmara Nayara , dos Santos Willian Melo , dos Santos Menezes Pedro Wlisses , Rocha Kérilin Stancine dos Santos , Cerqueira-Santos Sabrina , Faro André , Mesquita Alessandra Rezende , de Lyra Divaldo Pereira
Published: February 2021

Introduction

Communication apprehension (CA) refers to an individual’s level of fear or anxiety toward either real or anticipated communication with another person or persons. The Personal Report of Communication Apprehension (PRCA-24) is the most widely used measure of CA, even among healthcare students.

Objective

This study aimed to undertake a cross-cultural adaptation of this scale, translate it into Brazilian Portuguese, and examine its psychometric properties among healthcare students.

Methods

The translation and cross-cultural adaptation procedures were undertaken with the objective of establishing compatibility between the original and translated scales. The content validity of the scale was established based on the feedback of a multidisciplinary expert committee. Its psychometric properties were evaluated using a convenience sample of 616 healthcare students. Its construct validity was examined using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Its internal consistency was examined by computing Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega coefficients. Its criterion validity was examined against the Interpersonal Communication Competence Scale (ICCS).

Results

The adapted scale demonstrated acceptable content validity. EFA showed that it was undergirded by one dimension, and this observation was confirmed by the results of CFA. The scale demonstrated excellent internal consistency. Its convergent validity was examined by conducting correlation analysis, and scores on the adapted PRCA-24 were negatively correlated with scores on the ICCS.

Conclusion

The Brazilian version of the PRCA-24 has satisfactory psychometric properties and is, therefore, suitable for use with Brazilian healthcare students. It can be used to assess their communication needs for the purpose of designing tailored training programs.
Integration of metabolomics and existing omics data reveals new insights into phytoplasma-induced metabolic reprogramming in host plants
Authors: Tan Yue , Li Qingliang , Zhao Yan , Wei Hairong , Wang Jiawei , Baker Con Jacyn , Liu Qingzhong , Wei Wei
Published: February 2021

Phytoplasmas are cell wall-less bacteria that induce abnormal plant growth and various diseases, causing severe economic loss. Phytoplasmas are highly dependent on nutrients imported from host cells because they have lost many genes involved in essential metabolic pathways during reductive evolution. However, metabolic crosstalk between phytoplasmas and host plants and the mechanisms of phytoplasma nutrient acquisition remain poorly understood. In this study, using metabolomics approach, sweet cherry virescence (SCV) phytoplasma-induced metabolite alterations in sweet cherry trees were investigated. A total of 676 metabolites were identified in SCV phytoplasma-infected and mock inoculated leaves, of which 187 metabolites were differentially expressed, with an overwhelming majority belonging to carbohydrates, fatty acids/lipids, amino acids, and flavonoids. Available omics data of interactions between plant and phytoplasma were also deciphered and integrated into the present study. The results demonstrated that phytoplasma infection promoted glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway activities, which provide energy and nutrients, and facilitate biosynthesis of necessary low-molecular metabolites. Our findings indicated that phytoplasma can induce reprograming of plant metabolism to obtain nutrients for its own replication and infection. The findings from this study provide new insight into interactions of host plants and phytoplasmas from a nutrient acquisition perspective.