bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Dynamics of Consumer Preference in Electric and Fuel Vehicle Industries
Authors: Guo Qiuyuan
Published: December 2024

The new energy vehicle market is growing rapidly, with continuous technological innovation and increased policy support. This study investigates the influence of market education on consumer preferences between electric vehicles (EVs) and internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. It investigates the impact of market education, which includes advertising, professional forums, and social media platforms, on consumer decision-making. The research reveals that market education significantly enhances consumer understanding of EV technology, builds brand trust, and stimulates purchase intentions. Celebrity endorsements and social media campaigns have been particularly effective in the short term, while professional forums have deepened consumer trust in EV technology. Market education has also played a critical role in highlighting the long-term cost-effectiveness of EVs, helping to overcome the hurdle of high initial costs. The study concludes by suggesting that automobile manufacturers and policymakers leverage market education to address consumer concerns about EVs and foster the development of the EV market.
Artificial Intelligence and the Transformation of China’s Industrial Structure: Opportunities, Challenges, and Implications
Authors: Zhang Yilin
Published: December 2024

In the context of rapid global economic development, artificial intelligence (AI) is significantly influencing the industrial structure of nations worldwide, particularly in China, the world’s second-largest economy. This research aims to explore the impact of AI on China’s industrial structure, focusing on how AI contributes to industrial upgrading, economic transformation, and the challenges it presents. The study also analyses the current issues in China’s industrial structure, such as imbalances and energy constraints, and examines how AI can optimize these areas. Furthermore, it investigates the limitations of AI applications, including regional disparities and talent shortages. The findings suggest that while AI offers substantial potential for enhancing China’s industrial structure, its effectiveness is hindered by uneven technological diffusion and a lack of high-end talent. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for targeted policies to harness AI’s potential fully and mitigate its challenges, ensuring sustainable and balanced industrial development in China.
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Big Data Analytics on Supply Chain Performance of SMEs in Chinese Fresh Food E-commerce Industry
Authors: Jia Pinghao
Published: December 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic and the rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and big data analytics have significantly transformed the fresh food e-commerce industry in China. As consumer behavior shifted toward online purchases, the industry experienced remarkable growth, yet it continues to face challenges, particularly within its supply chain. High product loss rates, storage and transportation costs, and demand prediction inaccuracies contribute to inefficiencies. While AI and big data analytics present opportunities to enhance supply chain management, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the industry struggle to adopt these technologies effectively due to resource limitations and data collection challenges. This study explores the unique obstacles SMEs face in implementing AI and big data analytics in the Chinese fresh food e-commerce sector and proposes strategies for overcoming these challenges to improve supply chain performance, reduce operational costs, and enhance competitiveness. The findings aim to provide valuable insights for SMEs seeking to leverage AI and big data analytics in a rapidly evolving market landscape.
The Evaluation and analysis of Nintendo’s digital transformation
Authors: Jiang Dingyuan
Published: December 2024

Understanding the elements that propel corporate digital transformation is crucial in a time when digital technology is transforming business environments. Nowadays more and more people rely on video games for their entertainment and social interactions. Since its founding, Nintendo has amassed a devoted fan base for its console devices and grown to become a market leader in interactive gaming. This paper will describe the different aspect of digital transformation of Companies. Including definition, stages and so on. Besides, the report will discussion the case study of Nintendo. This essay will evaluate Nintendo’s digital revolution as well as the competitive advantages and disadvantages of its goods, including the Nintendo Switch. Last but not least, recommendations are made to enhance the Nintendo Switch’s features and other items by examining the company’s current offerings and target market. The conclusion is at the end to summarize the main idea of the whole passage, including the future vision and outlook of Nintendo.
Studies on Artificial Intelligence’s Effect on the Employment Market in the Future
Authors: Chen Enqi
Published: December 2024

Artificial Intelligence is being used in a wide range of sectors as technology develops. Additionally, it has affected the labour market; this article explores this area for further study. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has both positive and negative effects on the labour market. AI increases efficiency and opens new career possibilities in fields like data analysis and machine learning by automating repetitive processes. However, it can also result in a loss of some low-skilled employment. The development of AI requires the workforce to upgrade and retrain skills to adapt to technological changes. At the same time, the application of AI also raises concerns about privacy, data security, and ethical issues, all of which need to be considered in the development of the job market. Overall, the development of AI technology will promote the transformation of employment structure, posing new demands on the education system, labor policies, and social support systems.
Analysis of Factors Affecting Product Quality in International Trade
Authors: Liang Yudong
Published: December 2024

International trade plays a crucial role in the global economy, not only promoting the free flow of goods, services, and capital, but also facilitating the exchange of technology, knowledge, and culture. With the acceleration of globalization, international trade has become a significant engine for economic growth in many countries and has had a profound impact on the efficiency and diversity of global supply chains. This paper, through reviewing and analyzing different studies, examines the impact of international trade on product quality from three perspectives: trade costs, technology spillover effects, and economies of scale. It focuses on how trade costs hinder product quality, how technology spillovers promote quality improvement, and how economies of scale reduce production costs, thereby enhancing product quality. Therefore, the paper concludes that lowering trade costs, promoting technology spillovers, and achieving economies of scale are key to improving product quality. This research provides theoretical guidance for companies and policymakers to better understand and respond to the competitive pressure on product quality in the global market.
Analyzing Optimal Portfolios of Eleven Assets under Different Constraints
Authors: Li Xinyuan
Published: December 2024

Portfolios, which allocate investor capital to different investments, are a common risk management strategy. It aims to spread investment risk using diversification. The purpose of this paper is to allocate assets to stocks in the technology sector, consumer sector, and pharmaceutical sector. Stocks of SPX500 and ten companies are selected, and the Yahoo Finance database in Python is utilized to export the historical data, and the knowledge of statistics is applied to calculate the basic values of the stocks. For example, data such as annualized average return, annualized standard deviation, and alpha. These data are utilized to obtain the correlation coefficients between eleven assets and to plot the Capital Allocation Line (hereinafter referred to as CAL), efficient frontier and inefficient frontier images under different constraints. The results show that PG’s asset share is the highest among the five different constraints, both in the minimum variance case and in the maximum Sharpe ratio case. After imposing constraints, the portfolio’s return at the same risk decreases.
Study on the Fitness of ARIMA Model in Stock Forecasting
Authors: Li Jingwen
Published: December 2024

With the continuous development of the world’s financial industry, the international stock market trend prediction has now become one of the most closely related to the actual financial industry, with more and more scholars into the research, the accuracy of asset price prediction is constantly improving. Technical analysis is one of the most important components of securities analysis methods. Among the many prediction models, choosing the most appropriate prediction model for modelling according to the specific objectives is twice as effective and has become the source of motivation for the development of this study. In this study, the ARIMA model, which is one of the most popular models in this field of research, is used to forecast two of the most representative assets in the international stock market. On this basis, the results are discussed and analysed to conclude that compared with the CSI300 index, the accuracy of the model’s prediction results for the SP500 is greater, which provides strong support and suggestions for the subsequent research on the two stocks, and also provides a valuable reference for the prediction of the current hot technology methods in the stock markets of different economies.
Research and Empirical Analysis of Optimal Virtual Currency Investment Portfolio Based on Markowitz Investment Model
Authors: Li Tianyu
Published: December 2024

Virtual currency assets are an important component of the international investment market. This study applies the Markowitz theory model to the data of the four main virtual currency assets in the market, Bitcoin, Tether, Ethereum, and BNB, in the past year. The Markowitz theory model is used to quantitatively analyze these four virtual currency assets and obtain the short-term data distribution of the investment portfolio when considering investing in these four virtual currency assets at the same time. In the short term, this study recommends investors who are concerned about returns to short Tether, Ethereum, and BNB virtual currencies and invest in Bitcoin and BNB virtual currencies. It is recommended that investors who are concerned about both returns and risks to short Tether, Ethereum, and BNB virtual currencies and invest in Bitcoin or BNB virtual currencies. Risk assets. This study only focuses on short-term data from the past year and provides recommendations. With the development of virtual currencies, market conditions may vary.
Profit model analysis of new tea industry from the perspective of supply chain
Authors: Wang Xiaorui
Published: December 2024

This study uses the example of Gu Ming analyzes the profit model of the new tea industry from a supply chain perspective, highlighting how efficient supply chain management contributes to profitability. Key findings include the benefits of centralized procurement, which reduces raw material costs through economies of scale, and the use of cold chain logistics and digital systems to optimize operations and minimize waste. Vertical integration, where companies control suppliers, enhances profit margins by securing material stability and lowering costs. Additionally, offering supply chain services to franchisees provides an additional revenue stream. However, these models may face limitations due to vulnerabilities in external supply disruptions and price fluctuations. The analysis primarily applies to large brands, suggesting limited generalizability to smaller companies. Future research should explore technological innovations and sustainable practices to further enhance supply chain efficiency and research differences between large-scale and emerging tea brands.
An overview of the analysis of e-commerce price wars based on game theory
Authors: Cheng Xuran
Published: December 2024

In the field of e-commerce, price wars have become a common means for firms to compete for market share. This paper takes price wars in e-commerce platforms as a background, and reviews the game theories used in them, as well as the ways in which firms adjust and optimize their pricing strategies in the context of dynamic competition. Based on the definitions of price wars e-commerce, sting models of static and dynamic games, the paper analyses the patterns of price wars and proposes suggested strategies for firms to cope with them, and illustrates the impact on market stability and firms’ long-term revenues. Finally, the paper discusses the impact of price wars on the long-term development of the industry, and puts forward corresponding policy recommendations and future plans, with the aim that through rational strategy optimization, enterprises can achieve sustainable competitive advantages and maximize their market performance in the midst of fierce price competition.
The Impact of Digital Sharing Platforms on Supply Chain Management: Efficiency, cost reduction, and market responsiveness
Authors: Yang Xu
Published: December 2024

This study discussed the construction of a digital sharing platform in the field of supply chain management (SCM) and its multi-dimensional and far-reaching impact on performance. With the rapid development of global economic integration and information technology, enterprise SCM is facing unprecedented complexity and challenges. As an innovative solution, the digital sharing platform reshapes the operation mode of the supply chain (SC) and greatly improves efficiency, enhances collaboration, and lays a solid foundation for enterprises to maintain an advantageous position in the fierce market competition. This study defined the concept of a digital sharing platform, expounded its core functions in detail, and analyzed the specific mechanism of the platform in promoting seamless information sharing, optimizing resource allocation, reducing operating costs, accelerating response speed, and improving supplier satisfaction. Through theoretical discussion and empirical analysis, this study concludes that the digital sharing platform is the key driving force to improve the overall performance of the SC and has great strategic significance for sustainable development.
A Study on the Challenges Faced by Game Companies in the Big Data Era: The Case of Tencent Games
Authors: Peng Yongzhi
Published: December 2024

Big data technology has profoundly transformed the design, development, and operational models of the game industry, ushering in both opportunities and challenges. With the Chinese game market now surpassing 310 billion yuan in size and continuing to grow, the influence of big data is more significant than ever. This paper aims to delve into the challenges that gaming companies face in this data-driven era, using Tencent Games as a case study. The research focuses on three critical issues: First, the problem of game lag is caused by the massive volume of data processing in game development and operation. As games become more complex and data-driven, ensuring seamless performance becomes increasingly difficult, leading to frustrating experiences for players. Second, the study addresses digital ethics concerns, particularly the use of big data in ways that might infringe on user privacy or promote unhealthy gaming habits. Lastly, the paper examines the risks associated with an over-reliance on big data for decision-making, where companies may prioritize data-driven insights at the expense of creativity and innovation. By analyzing the root causes of these challenges, this paper provides practical and effective solutions that can help gaming companies like Tencent navigate the complexities of the big data era while maintaining a competitive edge and ethical standards.
Research on Cyberspace Protection Strategy of Industrial Enterprises under the Background of Digital Transformation—China National Petroleum Corporation Case Study
Authors: Li Angze
Published: December 2024

This research uses the China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) as a case study to explore the cybersecurity measures of industrial businesses amid digital transformation. As the rapid adoption of digital technologies reshapes the oil and gas sector, the study underscores the critical importance of robust cybersecurity frameworks. The case description delves into CNPC’s current state of development, and the significant cybersecurity challenges it faces during its digital transition, such as internal threats, outdated infrastructure, and vulnerabilities in industrial control systems. The study identifies several critical issues, including a lack of cybersecurity awareness, limited capabilities for responding to cyber incidents, and inadequate integration between information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT) security. These challenges are largely driven by the swift pace of digital transformation, dependence on legacy systems, and the evolving nature of cyber threats. To address these concerns, the study offers several strategic recommendations: moderating the speed of digital transformation, fostering IT and OT security convergence, enhancing employee cybersecurity awareness, and fortifying the security of industrial control systems. The findings emphasize that aligning digital innovation with cybersecurity is essential to ensure that the implementation of new technologies does not compromise safety or operational integrity. For CNPC and other industrial enterprises, the study provides valuable guidance on safeguarding critical infrastructure and maintaining operational resilience in an increasingly digital world.
Silicon Valley Bank Bankruptcy—Liquidity Risk Analysis Based on Financial Statements
Authors: Dong Jiayi
Published: December 2024

Silicon Valley Bank declared bankruptcy in March 2023, becoming the second largest bank failure in U.S. history. The event impacted global financial markets, causing many industries and countries asset losses and increased citizens concern. This paper examines the liquidity risk factors of SVB based on the bank’s bankruptcy. In particular, the financial statements of SVB for the years 2021 and 2022 are taken into account, along with the trends in the financial markets. It was found that SVB was over-invested in securities and had a potentially high-risk liability structure. Therefore, when the contractionary monetary policy be implemented by Federal Reserve to against inflation led to higher interest rates and clients’ concerns about SVB’s credibility, SVB’s clients requested withdrawals in a short period and securities losses leading to a severe liquidity problem, culminating in bank run and a declaration of bankruptcy. The impact of this event was huge. Naturally, the financial markets suffered the most, as evidenced by the losses of numerous other institutions and the drop in stock prices. Thus the banks have more realization about the liquidity risk management importance. Finally, this study suggests optimizing the asset-liability structure and strengthening the regulation of liquidity risk, assessing potential risks, and formulating more diversified strategies to cope with unknown crises.
Data Analysis and Optimization Strategies for Delivery Operations in a Shenyang-Based Convenience Store Network
Authors: Yuan Feier
Published: December 2024

This study focuses on optimizing delivery operations in a Shenyang-based convenience store network by analyzing delivery time, cost, order distribution, and external factors such as weather and traffic. Using Python-based data analysis, inefficiencies in delivery times, rising costs due to fuel and labor, and uneven order distribution across routes were identified Visualizations are plotted to highlight the impact of longer routes on time and cost and evaluated external influences like traffic and weather. Solutions include route optimization, balancing order volumes, and adjusting delivery schedules to mitigate delays during peak hours or adverse weather conditions. Recommendations for improving delivery efficiency during holidays and special events, as well as contingency plans for external disruptions, are presented. The study suggests the use of machine learning for future order prediction and alternative delivery methods, such as drones or electric vehicles, for long-term cost reduction.
Sustainable and innovative project management strategies in the engineering management industry: Case study of Drees & Sommer
Authors: Wang Yufan
Published: December 2024

Against the backdrop of globalization and rapid technological development, the engineering management industry faces many challenges and opportunities. Traditional engineering management models are difficult to adapt to the development needs of the new era. This study proposes strategies such as digitalization, economic sustainability, innovation development, and green building by analyzing the project management practices of Drees & Sommer (D&S) in Germany. These strategies aim to improve the efficiency and quality of project management and promote sustainable development. The study points out that the limitations of traditional management models urgently need to be innovated through intelligent technology, lean management, and digital tools such as BIM technology to optimize resource utilization and reduce environmental impact. D&S has achieved innovation and sustainability goals in project management through the “Blue Road” strategy, which organically combines economy, ecology, and functionality throughout the entire life cycle. This study also highlights the key role of zero-carbon emissions and the circular economy in future engineering management, providing strong support for the long-term development of the industry.
Störungen des Mineral- und Knochenhaushalts bei chronischen Nierenkrankheiten
Authors: Ketteler Markus
Published: December 2024

Im Jahr 2017 wurde das letzte Update der Leitlinien zu den Störungen des Mineral- und Knochenhaushalts bei chronischen Nierenkrankheiten (CKD-MBD: „chronic kidney disease – mineral and bone disorders“) der Initiative KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) publiziert. Seitdem haben sich neue Erkenntnisse zu Themen wie Knochenqualität und -umsatz im Kontext der Osteoporose, dem Umgang mit progressiven Gefäßverkalkungen, der Einschätzung des Vitamin-D-Status und der Regulation des Parathormons (PTH) ergeben. Dieser Übersichtsartikel benennt exemplarisch diese teilweise neuen Einschätzungen und stellt potenzielle Auswirkungen auf zukünftige diagnostische und therapeutische Verfahrensweisen dar.
Vitamin-C-Mangel: Welche Rolle spielt er bei Schmerzen?
Authors: Söchtig Melanie
Published: December 2024

Während eine ausreichende Versorgung mit Vitamin C in der Regel durch eine gesundheitsfördernde Ernährung mit ausreichend Obst und Gemüse gewährleistet ist, steigt das Risiko für einen Vitamin-C-Mangel in bestimmten Situationen. Dazu gehören Infektionen, Krebs- und chronisch-entzündliche Erkrankungen sowie Operationen oder Traumata. Studien zeigen, dass hochdosierte Vitamin-C-Infusionen diesen Mangel wirksam ausgleichen und Schmerzen lindern können. Um einen klinischen Vitamin-C-Mangel bei Erkrankungen, die mit Entzündungen und oxidativem Stress einhergehen, zu beseitigen, sind hohe Konzentrationen von Vitamin C im Blut erforderlich. Diese können nicht durch enterale, sondern nur durch intravenöse Vitamin-C-Gaben erreicht werden.
New Insights on the Clinical Significance of Mycoplasma pneumoniae DNA Load in Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia
Authors: Chen Yu , Lin ChenXi , Huang Rui , Chen Qi , Zhang Min , Chen Ling , Lai XingQian
Published: December 2024

Objective This study aimed to assess the consistency of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP)-DNA load in the respiratory tracts, its correlation with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) manifestations, and its predictive value for refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP).

Methods A retrospective study was performed on a cohort of MPP cases, including 215 patients with positive nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) MP-DNA and 59 with positive bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) MP-DNA. Patients were categorized into two groups based on MP-DNA load: low load (≤106/mL) and high load (>106/mL). The consistency of MP-DNA load in NPA and BALF was determined by Spearman's correlation coefficient. Clinical, laboratory, and radiological data were compared, and the predictive value of NPA MP-DNA for RMPP was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve.

Results A strong correlation was observed between NPA and BALF MP-DNA. High-load groups in both had longer fever durations and more pronounced increases in C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, and ferritin (p < 0.05). Routine-dose glucocorticoids were more required for patients exhibiting high MP-DNA loads, regardless of the source of the sample. The area under the curve for predicting RMPP using NPA MP-DNA load was 0.861, with 92.9% sensitivity and 67.9% specificity at a cutoff of 9.5 × 105/mL.

Conclusion The NPA MP-DNA load reflects the severity of pulmonary inflammatory response. Increased MP-DNA load in both the upper and lower airways is associated with longer fever and increased inflammation, indicating a need for glucocorticoid therapy. NPA MP-DNA can predict RMPP with high sensitivity.
Liquid–vapor phase equilibria in helium–parahydrogen solutions
Authors: Pashkov V. V. , Blagoi Yu. P. , Lobko M. P. , Marinin V. S.
Published: December 2024

Liquid-vapor phase equilibria in helium-parahydrogen solutions were studied by the static method. Measurements were made over the 14.7–30 °K temperature range under pressures up to 150 atm. The experimental results are now analyzed from the standpoint of perturbation theory. Information is thus obtained about the densities of both liquid and vapor phases.
Absorption of ultrasound by a system of carriers in interaction with a strong electromagnetic wave
Authors: Glazman L. I.
Published: December 2024

The low-temperature coefficient of absorption of ultrasound by an isotropic (in the absence of external fields) electron-hole gas is calculated. The carriers are situated in the field of a strong light wave, which generates electron-hole pairs. In the case of linearly polarized light an absorption threshold exists with respect to the angle between the direction of sound propagation and the axis of the light-induced anisotropy. For circularly polarized light a threshold exists with respect to the angle and ultrasonic frequency.
Transition to a “spin-glass” state in copper–iron alloys
Authors: Vedyaev A. V. , Cherenkov V. A.
Published: December 2024

We have studied the electrical resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, Hall effect, and electron paramagnetic resonance of copper–iron “spin glasses” in the temperature interval 4.2–300 °K. We have calculated the basic parameters of the Cu–Fe alloys in terms of a “noise” theory. The anomalies found for the kinetic properties are characteristic of a “spin-glass” system.
Point contact spectroscopic study of the electron–phonon interaction in lead
Authors: Khotkevich A. V. , Yanson I. K.
Published: December 2024

Point contact spectroscopy is used to study the electron–phonon interaction (EPI) in lead. The absolute intensity of the EPI function is analyzed and the EPI parameter defined. The relative intensity and width of EPI spectral maxima are considered.
Magnetic susceptibility of ferromagnets at the spin-flop phase transition
Authors: Bar’yakhtar V. G. , Grishin A. M.
Published: December 2024

The dynamic properties of a uniaxial ferromagnet are studied in the vicinity of the spin-flop phase transition, with allowance for the isotropic magnetostriction. The spectrum and the polarization of coupled magnetoelastic waves are found and so is the magnetic susceptibility tensor χ. For selected directions of the wave vector k and polarizations on the astroid (where the metastable magnetization vanishes), the phase velocity of the long-wave sound tends to zero and its attenuation increases. At lower frequencies the value k = 0 is an essential singular point of the function χ^(k). The magnetic susceptibility components have singularities on the the astroid only along those directions of k on which “softening” of the phonon mode occurs.
NMR studies of He3 at 1–20 °K
Authors: Esel’son B. N. , Mikheev V. A. , Maidanov V. A. , Mikhin N. P.
Published: December 2024

Pulsed NMR has been used to examine the diffusion and magnetic relaxation of gaseous He3 at 1–20 °K. The diffusion coefficient has been measured at constant volume and pressure for pressures between 5 and 30 atm and densities from 2.2 × 10−3 to 10 −1 g/cm3. It is shown that the behavior of the spin-diffusion coefficient for gaseous He3 is described satisfactorily within the framework of the gas-kinetic model. The spin-lattice relaxation times T1 in the gaseous state have been used to examine the contributions from various spin-lattice relaxation mechanisms and to estimate the inherent relaxation times T10.
Magnetic states in structures with a spatially periodic distribution of ferromagnetic particles
Authors: Gekht R. S. , Ignatchenko V. A.
Published: December 2024

We consider dipole ordering in structures with a spatially periodic distribution of ferromagnetic particles within the molecular field approximation. In samples with the particles located on the sites of a cubic super-lattice a state is possible in which there are two antiferromagnetic sublattices with an arbitrary angle between their antiferromagnetism vectors. For samples of sufficient extent with a body-centered cubic lattice a ferromagnetically ordered state appears for the magnetic moments of the particles, which changes to an antiferromagnetic state at the point Tk with a flopping of the sublattices as the temperature is increased.
Viscosity-induced formation of dislocation amplitude-dependent hysteresis
Authors: Roshchupkin A. M. , Platkov V. Ya.
Published: December 2024

The dynamic theory developed for the dislocation amplitude-dependent hysteresis reveals the fundamental role of quasiparticle-dislocation interaction in the formation of a nonlinear response of a real crystal to a high-frequency ultrasonic wave propagating in it. The damping decrement is predicted to have a strong frequency dependence which displays a characteristic maximum as it passes from dynamic to static hysteresis. In the latter case, we find the limiting transition to the Granato-Lücke and Rogers theories describing the amplitude-dependent losses when dislocation loops are underdamped. In terms of the dynamic theory of dislocation hysteresis we explain the anomaly in the high-frequency amplitude-dependent internal friction in metals, which is observed in the superconducting transition and, as shown by analysis, is directly attributable to a decrease in the s-state of electron drag by dislocations.
High-frequency phenomena in metallic bicrystals
Authors: Kolesnichenko Yu. A. , Lur’e M. A.
Published: December 2024

The effect of two-dimensional defects (grain boundaries, twinning planes, and so on), parallel to the outer surface of the specimen, on the high frequency properties of metals in a strong magnetic field, when the characteristic radius of curvature of the trajectory of an electron r is much smaller than its effective mean free path l*, is investigated theoretically. It is shown that in the radio frequency range, where anomalous transparency of bicrystalline plates was observed,9 already for low probabilities for charge carriers to tunnel through an ideal intercrystallite boundary Q≫r/l*, the amplitude of electromagnetic field spikes does not depend on Q and coincides in order of magnitude with the spike intensity in a single crystal. The resonance dependence of the surface impedance on the magnetic field is investigated in the case when the frequency of the external wave is a multiple of the characteristic frequencies of the electrons, colliding with the boundary separating the crystallites. By studying the form of the resonance lines, it is possible to determine the probability Q and other characteristics that describe the interaction of electrons with two dimensional defects.
A look at the most comprehensive wind energy wake experiment in history
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: December 2024

The American WAKE experimeNt seeks to improve wind farm performance and better predict atmospheric effects.
Morphokinetic prediction of embryo viability in cattle
Authors: Sugimura Satoshi , Yao Tatsuma , Matoba Satoko , Yamagata Kazuo , Imai Kei
Published: December 2024

Conventionally, bovine in vitro-produced (IVP) embryos for transfer are morphologically evaluated at day 7–8 of embryo culture, as recommended by the International Embryo Technology Society (IETS). However, this method is subjective, relying on the percentage of degenerated cells and developmental stage, leading to variability depending on the operator. In contrast, we have implemented a novel selection system for bovine IVP blastocysts using time-lapse monitoring in specially developed microwell culture dishes (LinKID micro25). This approach allows for continuous tracking of individual embryo development. Additionally, we have advanced live-cell imaging technology to observe nuclear and chromosomal dynamics during early embryogenesis, identifying prognostic factors indicative of viability post-transfer. Integrating these factors has significantly improved conception rates compared to conventional morphological evaluation. This review discusses morphokinetics relevant to viability and our innovative selection system, which enable accurate prediction of embryo viability after transfer in cattle.
Data-driven technologies and management practices for improving the sustainability of reproductive management
Authors: Giordano Julio O.
Published: December 2024

Dairy farms must constantly evolve to achieve sustainability goals, including profitability, minimal environmental impacts, and improving the well-being of cows and people. Data-driven management practices and automated technologies are a growing opportunity for improving the sustainability of reproductive management. Precision livestock farming technologies coupled with other herd management data, genomic information, and environmental monitoring tools are enabling the development of data-driven targeted reproductive management and automation of management tasks. An improved understanding of associations between putative data predictors of reproductive outcomes enables targeted reproductive management for cows that share similar expected performance or biological features. Tailored management interventions can be applied on subgroups of cows based on automated estrus alerts, genomic predictions, and ovarian status at the time of non-pregnancy diagnosis. Targeted interventions can lead to shorter interbreeding intervals, increased fertility, and fewer unnecessary interventions on cows. Major advances in engineering, advanced data analytics, and a better understanding of dairy cattle biology through data have also enabled progress with automation of management tasks such as detection of estrus, synchronization of ovulation, and pregnancy testing. Although concerted efforts in research and application are still needed to fully realize the full sustainability benefits of data-driven management and automation, collectively these innovations are reshaping reproductive management of dairy cattle.
Dependence of spin states on thermoelectric quantities in a single-layer FeCl2
Authors: Prayitno Teguh Budi , Susanti Dwi
Published: December 2024

Some thermoelectric quantities were considered under the spin states, i.e., spin-up and spin-down states, in a single-layer FeCl2. It covers the Seebeck coefficient, electrical and thermal conductivities, and figure of merit. We first examined the band structure for the spin-up and spin-down states based on density functional theory in the collinear ferromagnetic state. From the separated energy states, the Seebeck coefficients were computed under the Boltzmann transport theory. We found that only the spin-down state, which creates a metallic state, contributes to the thermoelectric performance. Even though the peak of the figure of merit is far from the Fermi level, this can be shifted by doping.
Biodegradation of polyblend polystyrene plastic film with poly(ε-caprolactone) produced using bis(β-diketonato)zirconium(IV) catalyst complex in landfill soil media
Authors: Siregar Rudi Munzirwan , Yusuf Muhammad , Utama Erwinsyah , Wulandari Innayah , Apriwidyanti Wella , Noufal Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Household items such as disposable tableware, CD and DVD cases, meat trays, and packaging extensively utilize Polystyrene (PS). Due to their practicality, PS are often chosen for household purposes, especially as packaging. However, its widespread use contributes to environmental pollution because it is resistant to decomposition. To enhance the degradability of PS, it should be blended with easily degradable polymers in nature like poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). In this study, bis(β-diketonato)zirconium(IV) complex served as a catalyst to polymerize ε-CL and produce PCL. The aim of this research was to investigate the ability of landfill soil to degrade PS/PCL polyblend plastic film over a 60-day period. The results of the biodegradation test show that the PCL component in the PS/PCL polyblend plastic film influences the plastic film’s decomposition rate.
Estimation of cyclotron–based 161Tb production yields via 160Gd(d, n)161Tb nuclear reaction
Authors: Glumac P , Cherepennikov Yu M
Published: December 2024

Theoretical yield of cyclotron-based production route for 161Tb isotope using enriched oxide target, relying on the nuclear reaction 160Gd (d, n)161Tb, is calculated. The yield of 161Tb and radioactive impurities (160Tb and 161Gd) is calculated for range of initial deuteron energies up to 30 MeV, as well as suitable target thickness for each of the energies. Initial particle energy of 20 MeV can be considered preferable in such production line, since further increase of energy (over 10-12 MeV) leads to cross section decrease for the targeted isotope and the yield curve slightly flattens, and is yet achievable for existing cyclotrons. It is concluded that evaluated production route cannot produce carrier-free 161Tb under considered conditions. To obtain results on stopping power and particle range SRIM software was used.
On measuring the number of passes of electrons through thin internal targets of a betatron
Authors: Uglov S.R. , Vukolov A.V. , Shevelev M.V.
Published: December 2024

The results of testing the method for measuring the number of passes of the betatron electron beam through a thin internal target are presented. The method is based on comparing the intensity of the characteristic X-ray radiation (CXR) emitted by a “thin” and “thick single-pass” targets.
Physiological response of soybean (Glycine max L.) with various compositions of urea and palm sugar stem bagasse with decomposer and biochar
Authors: Sarjiyah  , Aini L N , Dewi R S
Published: December 2024

The excessive inorganic fertilizers detain Indonesian soybean yield improvement as it results in a decrease in soil fertility. The addition of organic fertilizers can recover soil fertility. This study investigated the organic fertilizers with different compositions of urea and palm sugar stem bagasse (PSSB) for their effect on soybeans’ physiological response and yield. Moreover, adding decomposer and biochar to the organic fertilizer was also evaluated. The research employed an experimental approach with a completely randomized design. All measurements were conducted in triplicates. The study found a correlation between the composition of urea and PSSB with decomposition treatment towards stomata density after six weeks of planting. Soybeans with higher stomata density were seen in soybean plants that applied 75% PSSB + 25% urea and decomposer, as well as urea-only fertilizers without decomposers. No significant difference was shown in different urea and PSSB compositions towards other physiological responses of soybeans. Biochar addition to soybean plants can increase stomata density after three weeks of planting and its relative growth rate.
Diversity and Population of Weeds Propagules in Soybean at Various Soil Depths
Authors: Setiawan A N , Agustin A , Isnawan B H
Published: December 2024

Weeds can cause losses in soybean crops of up to 80%. Weed propagules influence weed population and diversity in the soil. This research aims to obtain the diversity and population of weed propagules in soybean fields with various soil depths. This research was conducted using surveys and interviews in soybean fields in Dlingo District, Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. The survey method was carried out by taking samples of weeds and soil in three plots of soybean land with a depth of 0 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, and 30 cm using quadrats in three observation plots measuring 30 cm × 30 cm as well as an interview method to find out how soybean cultivation is carried out. Weed samples and soil samples were collected three weeks after planting (vegetative phase), six weeks after planting (flowering), nine weeks after planting (pod formation), and 11 weeks after planting (ripe pods), so there were 36 sample points in one shot in one phase. The results showed that weed propagules in soybean fields at a 0-10 cm soil depth had higher diversity than at a 20-30 cm soil depth. The weeds that dominate soybean plantations are Portulaca oleracea, Euphorbia prostrata, Oldenlandia corymbosa, and Cleome rutidosperma. Soil depth influences the population of weed propagules in soybean plantations. A soil depth of 0 cm has the highest population of weed propagules, and the population decreases in deeper soil. The results of this research can be used as a reference in determining appropriate methods of controlling weed propagules in soybean fields. The results of this research can be used as a reference in deciding appropriate weed control methods for weed conditions in soybean fields
Economic performance analysis of biomass burner integrated with a multi-level heat exchanger for tea drying process
Authors: Haditanto M , Syahputra M H , Harianto S , Hajad M , Purwantana B
Published: December 2024

Energy costs commonly account for 59.55% of total green tea processing costs in tea industry, with drying, which uses LPG, being the most expensive. Biomass pellets provide potential solution for reducing energy costs. A biomass pellet burner has been designed to optimize the use of biomass pellets, analysis was conducted to assess its economic potential. The analysis shows that the biomass burner with wood pellets provides drying cost of Rp2,859.92/kg dried tea, saving 26% compared to the LPG burner used at RITC Gambung. Economic performance was also analyzed for mixed pellets (70% sawdust and 30% charcoal) and charcoal pellets. The lowest drying costs are wood pellets (Rp2,859.92/kg dried tea), followed by mixed pellets (Rp3,057.52/kg dried tea) and charcoal pellets (Rp3,239.52/kg dried tea). The biomass pellet burner with wood pellet can break even at a sales volume of 12,372.75 kg dried tea/year. Over five years, it is projected to achieve net present value (NPV) of Rp610,233,641.88, an internal rate of return (IRR) of 33%, a payback period (PBP) of 2.39 years, and a benefit-cost ratio (B/C) of 1.15. These results suggest significant potential for replacing the LPG burner on the ball tea dryer at tea industries.
Characterization of Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF) from Steam-exploded Palm Oil Kernel Fibers Followed by Supermasscolloider
Authors: Sholahuddin Sholahuddin , Arinawati Dian Yosi , Setiawan Chandra Kurnia , Utama Nafi Ananda , Prabasari Indira , Budiyanto Gunawan , Thien Dihn Gia , Nakamura Yoshitoshi , Asada Chikako
Published: December 2024

The Palm oil industry produced several lignocellulosic biomass wastes that could be utilized as a renewable and sustainable resource for biomaterial. Recently, cellulose nanofiber (CNF) has become a biopolymer with various advantages, which has attracted the interest of researchers in its development. This study focused on the development and characterized the CNF from palm oil kernel fibers via steam explosion pretreatment (35 ATM, 243 °C, 5 minutes resident time, severity factor/R0 4.91) followed by water-acetone extraction and delignification process. The nanosizing process used a supermasscolloider, resulting in various CNF diameters with 53.9-134 nm. The Molecular weight was 43211 Da with 266 degrees of polymerization (DPw) and 1.52 dL/g intrinsic viscosity (η). The CNF kernel fibers resulted in satisfying mechanical properties, where the tensile strength was 75.23 MPa with 119.22 GPa Young’s modulus and 2.95 elongations at break. The thermal characterization resulted in weight loss at 5 % (Td5) 121.22, 285.74, and 319 °C for Td10 and Td30, respectively, with CNF starting to lose its weight (Ts) at 117.54 °C. The glass transition (Tg) of the CNF kernel fibers was 80.53 °C. Other than that, the fingerprinting via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy detected the hydroxyl group (OH), which could be a carrier agent for various compound incorporation and surface modification.
Microbes population and activities of Inceptisol in the highland date palm plantation of Karo Regency based on different varieties and soil depth
Authors: Sebayang N U W , Pratama F , Lubis N
Published: December 2024

The productivity of Inceptisol as a highland date cultivation area in Karo Regency is limited by the low availability of nutrients and low levels of organic matter. Organic matter is a very important factor in the activities of various microorganisms in the soil. The aim of this research was to calculate the population and assess microbial activity in Inceptisol soil in highland date palm plantations in Karo Regency based on different date palm varieties. This research was conducted using a survey method. The sampling technique was carried out using purposive random sampling. Sampling is differentiated based on the Ajwa and Barhee date palm varieties in some soil dephts, there are 0-20cm, 20-40cm, and 40-60cm. Observations carried out in the laboratory include calculating the total population of bacteria and fungi (CFU/ml) and microorganism activity including respiration of microorganisms (mg CO2/100 g soil/day) and biomass C of microorganisms (mg C/mg soil). The results showed that date palm varieties and Inceptisol soil depth in highland date palm fields had differences in microbial populations (bacteria and fungi) and microbial activity (respiration and microbial biomass). The Ajwa variety has the highest microbial population and microbial activity at the topsoil depth (0-20 cm) compared to the Barhee variety. Soil depth also influences the population and activity of microbes which are closely related to the availability of food sources for energy, namely organic material which is usually abundant in the topsoil of the soil.
The Origin and First Appearance of the Art of Medicine
Authors: Usaybiʿah Ibn Abi¯
Published: December 2024

Ibn Abī Usaybiʿah discusses the various theories on how the art of medicine may have arisen, including divine revelation, dreams, coincidence, observation, and instinct, both animal and human. Many specific examples are given, some touching on the early development of pharmacology. Ibn Abī Usaybiʿah refers...
The Greek Physicians Descended From Asclepius
Authors: Usaybiʿah Ibn Abi¯
Published: December 2024

The text of this short chapter has not been included in this edition. In the chapter Ibn Abī Usaybiʿah follows the chain of learning that descended from Asclepius and his six sons, describing the five (of eight) ‘celebrated physicians of antiquity’ who followed Asclepius—the first...
Iraqi Physicians and the Physicians of Al-Jazīrah and Diyār Bakr
Authors: Usaybiʿah Ibn Abi¯
Published: December 2024

This and the following chapters are based on geography, rather than chronology, though the entries within are organized roughly chronologically. Chapter 10 contains entries on physicians active in Iraq, which in pre-modern times meant the land between the Euphrates and the Tigris north of Baghdad....