bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Independent fitness consequences of group size variation in Verreaux’s sifakas
Authors: Kappeler Peter M. , Fichtel Claudia
Published: July 2024

The costs and benefits of group living are also reflected in intraspecific variation in group size. Yet, little is known about general patterns of fitness consequences of this variation. We use demographic records collected over 25 years to determine how survival and reproductive success vary with group size in a Malagasy primate. We show that female reproductive rates of Verreaux’s sifakas (Propithecus verreauxi) are not affected by total group size, but that they are supressed by the number of co-resident females, whereas mortality rates are significantly higher in larger groups. Neither annual rainfall nor the adult sex ratio have significant effects on birth and death rates. Hence, these sifakas enjoy the greatest net fitness benefits at small, and not the predicted intermediate group sizes. Thus, independent fitness proxies can vary independently as a function of group size as well as other factors, leading to deviations from optimal intermediate group sizes.
Molecular set representation learning
Authors: Boulougouri Maria , Vandergheynst Pierre , Probst Daniel
Published: July 2024

Computational representation of molecules can take many forms, including graphs, string encodings of graphs, binary vectors or learned embeddings in the form of real-valued vectors. These representations are then used in downstream classification and regression tasks using a wide range of machine learning models. However, existing models come with limitations, such as the requirement for clearly defined chemical bonds, which often do not represent the true underlying nature of a molecule. Here we propose a framework for molecular machine learning tasks based on set representation learning. We show that learning on sets of atom invariants alone reaches the performance of state-of-the-art graph-based models on the most-used chemical benchmark datasets and that introducing a set representation layer into graph neural networks can surpass the performance of established methods in the domains of chemistry, biology and material science. We introduce specialized set representation-based neural network architectures for reaction-yield and protein–ligand binding-affinity prediction. Overall, we show that the technique we denote molecular set representation learning is both an alternative and an extension to graph neural network architectures for machine learning tasks on molecules, molecule complexes and chemical reactions.
A common gene signature of the right ventricle in failing rat and human hearts
Authors: Jurida Liane , Werner Sebastian , Knapp Fabienne , Niemann Bernd , Li Ling , Grün Dimitri , Wirth Stefanie , Weber Axel , Beuerlein Knut , Liebetrau Christoph , Wiedenroth Christoph B. , Guth Stefan , Kojonazarov Baktybek , Jafari Leili , Weissmann Norbert , Günther Stefan , Braun Thomas , Bartkuhn Marek , Schermuly Ralph T. , Dorfmüller Peter , Yin Xiaoke , Mayr Manuel , Schmitz M. Lienhard , Czech Laureen , Schlüter Klaus-Dieter , Schulz Rainer , Rohrbach Susanne , Kracht Michael
Published: July 2024

The molecular mechanisms of progressive right heart failure are incompletely understood. In this study, we systematically examined transcriptomic changes occurring over months in isolated cardiomyocytes or whole heart tissues from failing right and left ventricles in rat models of pulmonary artery banding (PAB) or aortic banding (AOB). Detailed bioinformatics analyses resulted in the identification of gene signature, protein and transcription factor networks specific to ventricles and compensated or decompensated disease states. Proteomic and RNA-FISH analyses confirmed PAB-mediated regulation of key genes and revealed spatially heterogeneous mRNA expression in the heart. Intersection of rat PAB-specific gene sets with transcriptome datasets from human patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) led to the identification of more than 50 genes whose expression levels correlated with the severity of right heart disease, including multiple matrix-regulating and secreted factors. These data define a conserved, differentially regulated genetic network associated with right heart failure in rats and humans.
Speciation happens in company – not in isolation
Authors: Beierkuhnlein Carl
Published: July 2024

Oceanic islands are considered the classic arenas for allopatric speciation and adaptive radiation. Established concepts of speciation and endemism are strongly focused on spatial and temporal scales. However, biotic interactions and ecological drivers, although widely recognized as playing a role, still need to be integrated into our understanding of these processes. Here, I highlight ecosystems as the evolutionary arena within islands. Ecosystem functioning, such as the regulation of abiotic fluxes of energy and matter, has been intensely studied in the context of climate change and biodiversity loss. Biogeography, on the other hand, when it focuses on speciation and endemism, often lacks a functional understanding of the ecosystem beyond species lists. This contribution aims to stimulate a stronger integration of ecological processes, assembly rules, and vegetation structures into future biogeographical and macroecological studies.
A cognitive neural circuit biotype of depression showing functional and behavioral improvement after transcranial magnetic stimulation in the B-SMART-fMRI trial
Authors: Tozzi Leonardo , Bertrand Claire , Hack Laura Michele , Lyons Timothy , Olmsted Alisa Marie , Rajasekharan Divya , Chen TeChieh , Berlow Yosef A. , Yesavage Jerome A. , Lim Kelvin , Madore Michelle R. , Philip Noah S. , Holtzheimer Paul , Williams Leanne Maree
Published: July 2024

We previously identified a cognitive biotype of depression characterized by treatment resistance, impaired cognitive control behavioral performance and dysfunction in the cognitive control circuit, comprising the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dLPFC) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). Therapeutic transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to the left dLPFC is a promising option for individuals whose depression does not respond to pharmacotherapy. Here, 43 veterans with treatment-resistant depression were assessed before TMS, after early TMS and post-TMS using functional magnetic resonance imaging during a Go–NoGo paradigm, behavioral cognitive control tests and symptom questionnaires. Stratifying veterans at baseline based on task-evoked dLPFC–dACC connectivity, we demonstrate that TMS-related improvement in cognitive control circuit connectivity and behavioral performance is specific to individuals with reduced connectivity at baseline (cognitive biotype +), whereas individuals with intact connectivity at baseline (cognitive biotype −) did not demonstrate significant changes. Our findings show that dLPFC–dACC connectivity during cognitive control is both a promising diagnostic biomarker for a cognitive biotype of depression and a response biomarker for cognitive improvement after TMS applied to the dLPFC.
Fabricating a scattering–fluorescent luminescent solar concentrator synchronously to achieve broad-spectrum solar energy utilization and light pollution inhibition
Authors: Jin Chenkai , Feng Chengqi , Chen Yuhua , Zhang Ting , He Huiwen , Na Haining , Zhu Jin
Published: July 2024

A scattering–fluorescent luminescent solar concentrator is fabricated with the synergistic function of reducing the light pollution and improving the photoelectric conversion.
Beyond campus borders: wastewater surveillance sheds light on university COVID-19 interventions and their community impact
Authors: Lisboa David , Kaya Devrim , Harry Michael , Kanalos Casey , Davis Gabriel , Hachimi Oumaima , Jaaf Shana , Mickle David , Alegre Dana , Carter Katherine , Carrell Steven , Dasenko Mark , Davidson Nathan , Elser Justin , Geniza Matthew , Girard Anne-Marie , Kronmiller Brent , Peterson Matthew , Zepeda Elizabeth , Kelly Christine , Radniecki Tyler S.
Published: July 2024

Wastewater surveillance improves university COVID-19 policy assessment, monitoring campus-to-city transmission trends for informed public health strategies.
Potential bioaccessibility and bioavailability of polyphenols and functional properties of tiger nut beverage and its by-product during in vitro digestion
Authors: Llorens Paula , Chiacchio Manuela Flavia , Tagliamonte Silvia , Juan-García Ana , Pallarés Noelia , Moltó Juan Carlos , Vitaglione Paola , Juan Cristina
Published: July 2024

Tiger nut by-product may be a valuable ingredient for functional food development owing to the high antioxidant capacity and bioavailable polyphenols.
Crystallization kinetics of stacked phase-change films for multi-level storage
Authors: Chen Yimin , Fan Ce , Han Nan , Peng Kexing , Gu Chenjie , Liu Zijun , Wang Guoxiang , Xu Tiefeng , Wang Junqiang , Shen Xiang
Published: July 2024

The introduction of stacked structures can significantly weaken the F–S kinetics of low thermal stable film but has no influence on the high thermal stable film, which is attributed to the residual stresses in stacked Sb–GeO2 films.
Fusing Ta-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 grains using nanoscale Y2O3 sintering aids for high-performance solid-state lithium batteries
Authors: Zhang Hongyi , Wu Yunfan , Zhu Jie , Xie Xujia , Liu Zixi , Zhang Zewenhui , Ma Yishu , Huang Ting , Wang Laisen , Lin Jie , Xie Qingshui , Peng Dong-Liang
Published: July 2024

By using nanoscale yttrium oxide particles as the sintering aids, the electrochemical performance of Ta-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 solid-state electrolytes is significantly improved.
Base-promoted ring-opening/recyclization of naphthoquinones to access benzo[5,6][1,4]thiazino[4,3-b]isoquinoline-7,12-diones at room temperature
Authors: Tan Bin , Li Zhuoqin , Zhou Xinlin , Zhang Chao , Deng Guo-Jun , Chen Shanping
Published: July 2024

A novel and unique nitrogen atom insertion into naphthoquinone rings to construct structurally valuable polycyclic heterocycles at room temperature under transition-metal-free conditions has been described.
A novel nanodrug for the sensitization of photothermal chemotherapy for breast cancer in vitro
Authors: Kong Ji Chuan , Zhou Feng , Shi Liting , Wei Yihui , Wu Chunhong
Published: July 2024

Schematic illustration of preparation of PLA@GA /DOX/ICG and action diagram to cancer cell (By Figdraw).
Metal-free introduction of primary sulfonamide into electron-rich aromatics
Authors: Wang Ming-Ming , Johnsson Kai
Published: July 2024

Inspired by the Burgess reagent, we report a mild and practical synthesis of primary sulfonamides from electron-rich aromatic compounds by using in situ formed N-sulfonylamine as the electrophile.
Fluorescence-enhanced light-blue bilayer radiative cooling coatings
Authors: Ma Xue , Fu Yang , Yang Ning , Hu Xin , Dai Jian-Guo , Fei Bin , Lei Dangyuan
Published: July 2024

A bilayer coating consisting of a white base and a fluorescent blue top layer is designed for subambient cooling. The enhanced photoluminescence and high scattering properties are the key parameters for realizing whole-color-gamut subambient cooling.
Hybrid passive cooling: towards the next breakthrough of radiative sky cooling technology
Authors: Du Yahui , Chen Yuxi , Yang Xueqing , Liu Junwei , Liang Yan , Chao Yuechao , Yuan Jianjuan , Liu Haoxuan , Zhou Zhihua , Yan Jinyue
Published: July 2024

A critical review of the regulatory mechanisms, structural design, cooling performance, and applications of hybrid cooling to advance its commercial use in passive cooling.
Ferroelectric BiFeO3 modified PVDF-based electrolytes for high-performance lithium metal batteries
Authors: Wu Yanmei , Zhang Hong , Xu Yilin , Tang Zhiruo , Li Zhicheng
Published: July 2024

PVDF-based electrolytes are promising candidates for solid-state lithium batteries (SSLBs) due to their high safety, interface compatibility and electrochemical stability.
New features of edge-selectively hydroxylated graphene nanosheets as NIR-II photothermal agent and sonothermal agent for tumor therapy
Authors: Zhang Wenqian , Fan Man , Yang Ruchao , Li Zhihao , Qiu Yuzhi , Dong Mengna , Song Peng , Wang Nan , Yang Yajiang , Wang Qin
Published: July 2024

The edge-selectively hydroxylated graphene nanosheets were discovered for excellent NIR-II photothermal agent and also sonothermal agent for low-intensity focused ultrasound for noninvasive and deep penetrating thermotherapy for tumors.
In situ firmly anchored polypyrrole on NiV-LDHs for efficient aqueous-system asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Guiquan , Ren Tianhao , Zhai Haiyang , Wang Guorong , Jin Zhiliang
Published: July 2024

Polypyrrole (PPY) and nickel-based polyvalent hydrotalcite (NiV-LDHs) electrode materials have been extensively investigated and studied in the field of supercapacitor electrodes.
Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology Professions in Asia: Past History and Current Status
Authors: Lee Sue Ann S. , Ang Chloe Hui Min , Chafcouloff Elizabeth , Choi Seong Hee , De Chua Kenneth Wei , Cuadro Carla Krishan , Hassan Fatimah Hani , Kariyasu Makoto , Lertsukprasert Krisna , Sasheendran Snithin , Supiaty Upik , Tsai Meng-Ju , Tseng Shu-Chuan , Wang Rumi , Wong Min Ney , Yuan Sun
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

In collaboration with members of the Asia Pacific Society of Speech, Language and Hearing (APSSLH), the purpose of this tutorial was to outline a brief history and the current status of the speech-language pathology and audiology professions in Asian countries that are affiliated with the APSSLH.

Method:

Relevant literature and websites on the speech-language pathology and audiology professions in each country are reviewed and summarized. Information was also obtained via personal interviews.

Results:

A brief history, educational programs, licensure systems, and professional organizations of each country are addressed.

Discussion:

The developmental status of speech-language pathology and audiology professions in Asian countries varies from emerging to fully established. Several issues among countries in development are discussed, and recommendations for future development are addressed.

Conclusion:

This tutorial will improve awareness of speech-language pathology and audiology status in Asian countries and may facilitate ASHA and APSSLH members participation in and contributions to international relations and affairs.
Enhancing cloud security: A study on ensemble learning‐based intrusion detection systems
Authors: Al‐Sharif Maha , Bushnag Anas
Published: July 2024

Cloud computing has become an essential technology for people and enterprises due to the simplicity and rapid availability of services on the internet. These services are usually delivered through a third party, which provides the required resources for users. Therefore, because of the distributed complexity and increased spread of this type of environment, many attackers are attempting to access sensitive data from users and organizations. One counter technique is the use of intrusion detection systems (IDSs), which detect attacks within the cloud environment by monitoring traffic activity. However, since the computing environment varies from the environments of most traditional systems, it is difficult for IDSs to identify attacks and continual changes in attack patterns. Therefore, a system that uses an ensemble learning algorithm is proposed. Ensemble learning is a machine learning technique that collects information from weak classifiers and creates one robust classifier with higher accuracy than the individual weak classifiers. The bagging technique is used with a random forest algorithm as a base classifier and compared to three boosting classifiers: Ensemble AdaBoost, Ensemble LPBoost, and Ensemble RUSBoost. The CICID2017 dataset is utilized to develop the proposed IDS to satisfy cloud computing requirements. Each classifier is also tested on various subdatasets individually to analyze the performance. The results show that Ensemble RUSBoost has the best average performance overall with 99.821% accuracy. Moreover, bagging achieves the best performance on the DS2 subdataset, with an accuracy of 99.997%. The proposed model is also compared to a model from the literature to show the differences and demonstrate its effectiveness.
A bidirectional isolated DC‐DC converter with low voltage stresses for energy storage systems integration
Authors: Khanbabaie Amir Hossein , Azari Milad Niaz , Nouri Tohid , Shaneh Mahdi
Published: July 2024

Herein, a bidirectional isolated DC‐DC converter with low voltage stress is introduced to utilise in energy storage frameworks. Two sets of coupled inductors (CI) and a transformer are utilized on the low‐voltage side to increase voltage gain. Through the series connection of the secondary windings of the CIs with the primary windings of the transformer, the concluded voltage gain is improved by the multiplication of the turns ratios of CI and transformer. As a result, the voltage gains as well as the voltage stresses in both directions can be flexibly improved through three degrees of freedom, which are the turns ratios of the CIs, transformer and duty cycle. Clamp capacitors accomplish active clamping, and the energy saved within the leakage inductance is recycled. Additionally, some switches are performed with soft‐switching and partially diminished switching losses. The steady‐state analysis and extensive performance comparison of the proposed converter prove that the proposed converter outperforms the similar previous converters in the state‐of‐the‐art. An 800 W 48 V/380 V prototype is developed to prove the performance of the proposed converter. The peak efficiency amounts of the proposed system in the high step‐down and high step‐up modes are 95.8% and 96.2%, respectively.
IoT-Based Grapevine Watering System Design and Soil Condition Monitoring
Authors: Evan Agil , Sarosa Moechamaad , Diana Lis , Andri Rosa , Kusumawardani Mila , Firmanda Dimas
Published: July 2024

Cultivating grapevines can be in the yard or together with other plants so that grapes are a plant product that needs to be developed. If you cultivate grapevines by knowing the evaluation of the environmental conditions of the soil, to the need for nutrients and water consistently. Grape plants can be predicted for their quality and yield, and can even identify their development from bud to fertilization. By using an Arduino Nano microcontroller as a control system equipped with sensors to measure and monitor soil environmental conditions. The sensors are NPK, soil moisture sensor, temperature sensor, and pH sensor that complement the Arduino Nano microcontroller. Utilizing the lower and upper limit values to automatically water the water and liquid nutrients based on the measurement results. So that the pump is active according to the condition of NPK and soil moisture. Through the use of IoT technology, this research has monitored the condition of the soil environment. With a strong internet connection, this sensor has collected accurate measured information of soil environmental conditions and can also be seen on the Android App. This has contributed significantly to the development of grape farming. Grape vines are more easily monitored and watered regularly.
Perception and Appreciation of the Sumba Tribe in West Umbu Ratu Nggay District towards the Utilization of Medicinal Plant Diversity in Central Sumba Regency
Authors: Liswandari Ariski Vevi , Sulisetijono Sulisetijono , Setiowati Frida Kunti
Published: July 2024

An ethnobotanical study was conducted to inventory medicinal plants by in the Sumba Tribe of West Umbu Ratu Nggay District, and to determine local perceptions and appreciation of the medicinal plants. Data collection was carried out using direct and indirect interviews. Informants of this study totaled 93 local people, consisting of Sumbanese tribes including village shamans and village elders. This study used data analysis on the perception and appreciation of the use of medicinal plants by the Sumba tribe. Plants obtained from local communities were collected, identified, and documented. The results of the study found 54 species of medicinal plants with 33 families used to treat various diseases in West Umbu Ratu Nggay District. Plants recommended by the Sumba tribe include: Swietenia macrophylla King (mahoni) (0.11%), Acorus calamus L. (genoak/ hiku) (0.10%), Jatropha curcas L. (padamu) (0.10%). The Sumba tribe's perception of the use of medicinal plants with a percentage of 99% (very good) and community appreciation of the use of medicinal plants at 97% (very good).
Changes in Larval and Imago Behavior in Lead-exposed Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Hindun Iin , Erwintha Yusfiah Amami Dwi , Fatmawati Diani , Zubaidah Siti , Susanto Hendra , Fauzi Ahmad
Published: July 2024

Lead is a pollutant that is often found in various locations that may affect the behavior of living things. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of lead exposure on behavior changes in Drosophila melanogaster. Flies were grouped into four levels of lead exposure: 0, 100, 150 and 200 ppm for two generations. Behavioral observations were made before and after lead exposure. The observed behavior was the ability of the pupae to climb through the pupa position assay and the success and speed of the imago climbing through the adult climbing assay. As a result, higher exposure to lead tends to increase the percentage of pupae in the low zone. Pupae with tilted orientation always have the highest percentage in all groups, both in generation 0 and generation 2. Furthermore, the results of the analysis of covariance inform that lead exposure have no significant effect on climbing duration and climbing success. Overall, lead exposure has the potential to affect the behavior of D. melanogaster. Further studies involving other behavioral assays need to be conducted to observe the effect of lead on all behavioral variables.
Correlation between Time and Climbing Success in Drosophila: Comparison in Normal and Stressed Conditions
Authors: Zubaidah Siti , Fauzi Ahmad , Zahrah Natasya Adiba , Kharomah Sinta , Ramadhan Muhamad Justitia , Choirunisa Nindiana , Maghfiroh Hidayati , Buroidah Hikmah , Hayuana Wachidah , Agustin Maya , Fahmi M. Iqbal Najib , Setiawan Deny
Published: July 2024

The Drosophila Climbing Assay (DCA) is often used when Drosophila is positioned as a model organism to study the effects of disease or environmental conditions. The purpose of this study was to analyze the consistency of the relationship between the two variables of climbing ability in fly imago, both under normal conditions and under stress conditions. The predictor variable of this study was the duration of climbing, while the criterion variable was climbing success. A total of 72 experimental units were prepared and divided into 3 conditions, i.e., 24 fly bottles cultured on normal medium, 24 fly bottles cultured for one generation on leadcontaining medium, and 24 others cultured for two generations on leadcontaining medium. The results of the Spearman's Rho correlation test indicated that the duration of climbing duration was always significantly negatively correlated with climbing success in all three conditions: natural conditions (rs=-0.438, p=0.032), stress over a generation (rs=-0.864, p<0.001), as well as stress for two generations (rs=-0.436, p=0.033). Furthermore, the results of the parallelism test report that the three lines were not parallel (p<0.05). The slope of the regression line on the normal condition data was clearly different from the stress condition data for two generations. Through the scatter plot, the two regression lines intersect. Both variables are consistently proven to have a significant relationship and can show different levels of influence when implemented under certain stress conditions.
STEM-based Digital Assessment Application for Elementary School Teacher Education Students
Authors: Shoufika Hilyana F. , Diana Ermawati , Ardana Riswari Lovika
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to determine the needs of prospective elementary school teacher students in using the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) approach and to produce STEM-based digital assessment application products that follow the independent curriculum. The methods used were interviews, Focus Group Discussions with lecturers and students of Elementary School Teacher Education at Universitas Muria Kudus, and literature studies. FGD was chosen as a substitute for direct trials in the field and became the basis for validating the feasibility of product development. The results show that students as prospective teachers do not yet have experience and knowledge of references with the STEM approach used in learning and the required assessment instruments according to the independent curriculum. The FGD process found that the STEM approach can be made in a web-based digital assessment application that is considered easy to use anywhere and anytime. The conclusion obtained is that the application of STEM-based digital assessment is an application that provides a source of reference on digital literacy and STEM, as well as creates assessment instruments that students can use as prospective teachers in implementing STEM-based digital assessments.
Breast Cancer Classification Procedure Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Purnomo Jerry Dwi Trijoyo , Pratiwi Dea Restika Augustina
Published: July 2024

Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that attacks breast tissue. This disease can be treated and managed properly if diagnosed at an early stage. An appropriate, fast and effective cancer stage detection algorithm is required so that patients can be treated precisely. In this study, the classification of breast cancer stages will be carried out using several machine learning methods. The number of patients in each stage is unequal or unbalanced as well. Therefore, the oversampling method with SMOTE is applied. The selection of the best parameters is done using 10-fold cross validation on the training data. Next, modeling was carried out using the Neural Network method, and K-Nearest Neighbor on training and testing data which had been oversampled with SMOTE. It was found that the neural network had a higher AUC value than k-Nearest Neighbor, namely 82.3% while k-NN was 80.8%.
Analysis of the Addition of Nanographite on the Characteristics of Polylactic Acid Filaments Produced by Extrusion Process
Authors: Nashrullah Fikri Munif , Suryanto Heru , Aminnudin Aminnudin , Bintara Redyarsa Dharma , Maulana Jibril
Published: July 2024

PLA-based filaments are often used as a basis for 3D printing, and efforts to improve the properties of PLA filaments are made into nanocomposite filaments. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding nanographite on the surface morphology, the geometry of the filament roundness, and the functional groups present in the PLA/nanographite nanocomposite. The method used experimental research with variations in the addition of nanographite to PLA of 0.5wt%, 1wt%, and 1.5wt%. Nanographite was added into PLA by dissolving using chloroform, while filaments were produced using a single screw extruder. The roundness geometry was observed with an optical camera. The functional groups were analyzed with FTIR, and the morphology of the filament surface was observed with SEM. The results show that the addition of nanographite to PLA results in changes in functional groups, which indicate changes in chemical bonds with changes in peaks in the wavenumber range of 1000 – 2000 cm-1. The addition of nanographite makes the filament's morphology rougher due to agglomeration, which is spread unevenly. Analysis of the roundness of the nanocomposite filament diameters showed a difference in the average filament. The best filament diameter was a 0.5% nanographite sample with a roundness value of 99.02%.
PCR Optimization for Polyketide Synthase (PKS) and Non-Ribosomal Peptide Synthetase (NRPS) Gene Detection in Actinomycetes
Authors: Prayekti Endah , Hidayat Muhammad Taufiq , Putri Devita Rahma , Fajar Nur Syamsiatul
Published: July 2024

Actinomycetes are known as a group of antimicrobial-producing bacteria. This is supported by the presence of potential genes in actinomycetes bacteria. These genes include Polyketide Synthase (PKS) and Non-Ribosomal Peptide Synthetase (NRPS). Detection of these genes using PCR requires the optimum annealing temperature so that the detection process runs accurately. The purpose of this study was to determine the appropriate annealing temperature in the detection of PKS I, PKS II and NRPS genes in actinomycetes bacterial isolates. The study was carried out experimentally with varying annealing temperatures of 52°C and 55°C. The results showed that all three genes were detected at 52°C, while at 55°C the PKS I gene bands were faint, and no PKS II and NRPS gene bands were found. Based on the results obtained, a temperature of 52°C is a suitable temperature for the detection of PKS I, II and NRPS genes.
Active Compound from An Indonesian Endophytic Fungus Talaromyces veruculosus BioMCC-f.EP.2165 Inhibiting Plasmodium falciparum Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase as Antimalarial Agent
Authors: Nugroho Nuki Bambang , Pramisandi Amila , Siska Eka , Chrisnayanti Evita , Hidayati Dyah Noor , Suryani Suryani , Nurlaila Nurlaila , Waluyo Danang , Prabandari Erwahyuni Endang , Nozaki Tomoyoshi
Published: July 2024

An Indonesian endophytic fungus Talaromyces veruculosus BioMCC-f.EP.2165, was cultured to find compounds that showing inhibitory activity against Plasmodium falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (PfDHODH). Preliminary extraction test (PET) was conducted for examination of active compounds properties in fungal culture broth. Active compounds were extracted and purified based on a method derived from PET result. We isolated altenusin as an active compound from the fungal culture extract. Although, altenusin has been reported previously as an inhibitor of PfDHODH and inhibited the proliferation of Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, we isolated this compound from endophytic Talaromyces fungus for the first time.
The Complementary Food for Intestine Microanatomy Amelioration of the Malnourished Rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Diennata Mellinda Setiani Nusa , Lestari Sri Rahayu , Rakhmawati Yunita
Published: July 2024

Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) is insufficient animal or vegetable protein consumption in daily food. PEM can result in damage to intestinal cells, which causes villous atrophy, decreased crypt depth, and a decrease in the number of epithelial cells, which results in failure to absorb nutrients. CF can be used to stimulate growth, improve inflammation and improve intestinal microbiota. This study, crucial for understanding the impact of CF on PEM, aims to describe the microanatomy of small intestine (jejunum) mice (Rattus norvegicus) PEM after giving CF. The research method was experimental with a Randomized Block Design (RBD) using 24 mice. The experimental animals were divided into 6 groups: the control and treatment groups with complementary food with various carbohydrate sources. Treatment was carried out for 4 weeks. Data in microanatomy and small intestinal villi height resulted in the highest villous rate height in the K+P0 group and the lowest in the K- group. The results showed that administration of CF did not show a significant results (P < 0.05) on the height of the villi of the small intestine (jejunum).
Review Article: Problems and the Approaches of Machine Learning in Vehicle Ad Hoc Networks
Authors: Hussen Skala Hassan , Mohammed Marwan Aziz
Published: July 2024

In recent years, there has been a notable surge in research interest in vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) due to advancements in wireless communication technology and the vehicle sector. Vehicles to vehicles (V2V) and vehicles to infrastructure comprise a vehicular network. The potential machine learning (ML) method can offer practical solutions for various application fields. Machine learning is a technique where a system uses data that has already been processed to learn from and improve itself automatically. Vehicular networks are a significant application domain where ML-based techniques are highly helpful in solving various issues. Vehicular nodes and infrastructure communicating wirelessly are susceptible to many kinds of assaults. Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) rely heavily on vehicle ad hoc networks (VANETs). These methods enable effective supervised and unsupervised learning of the acquired data, hence accomplishing the goal of VANETs. Because of identifying security concerns in-vehicle networks from source to destination, this evaluation attempts to apply it. We outlined the problems with traffic, safety, and communication in VANET systems, discussed whether or not they could be implemented, and investigated the potential solutions provided by machine learning techniques.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in the Medical Field
Authors: Abdullah Abdulqadir Ismail
Published: July 2024

Artificial intelligence is the fast growing field of science, technology, and engineering. Artificial intelligence tries to mimic human intelligence capabilities such as understanding, learning, inferring, logic, problem solving, decision making and install these capabilities into machines, software, computer applications and computer programs. Artificial intelligence is used and implemented in many science, engineering and medical fields. The aim of this research paper is to investigate and introduce the role of the artificial intelligence in the medical field. Artificial intelligence is used in different sections in the medical field such as offering more accurate medical diagnoses, discovering new drugs, better medical data analysis, better patient care, better healthcare systems, electronic health records, clinical trial medicine, and diagnostic imaging analysis. The methodology used in this research paper was to identify and select research and technical papers related to the used of artificial intelligence in the field of medicine. The selected papers then were systematically reviewed. The findings of the paper showed that artificial intelligence is increasingly used in many areas of the medical field.
Learning and Entertainment Technology Review: The Fusion of Artificial Intelligence and Escape Room Technology
Authors: Tawafak Ragad M. , Mathew Roy , Malik Sohail Iqbal , Al Sideiri Abir , Alfarsi Ghaliya
Published: July 2024

This study focuses on reviewing the potential collaborative energy between artificial intelligence (AI) innovations and escape room entertainment, envisioning a new form of extreme relaxation in the learning and development phase. While dodge rooms have already attracted groups of people with their immersive challenges, implanting artificial intelligence will enhance the experience to extraordinary levels. The review highlights the pivotal points of AI integration into escape rooms and improvements in customization and flexibility. The analysis of 19 studies showed that there are future opportunities to integrate the application of dodge rooms with the use of artificial intelligence. Ultimately, the paper envisions a future where it paves the way for innovative improvements in smart city activities. Although the research refrains from delving into specialized complexities, its goal is to prepare a conceptual guide to encourage the idea of technological integration.
A study of specific absorption rate (SAR) estimation techniques for mobile services
Authors: Hamad Ameen Jalal , Mohammed Marwan Aziz
Published: July 2024

Mobile phone device became one of the most important devices in our life, usually, we feel incomplete without it, this device has many multiple uses, mobile companies manufacturers give some specifications with their new phones, one of them is specific absorption rate (SAR), this paper research will be a useful guidance for the users of mobile phones carefully how to buy and use this device, according to the specifications given by the manufacturer and the results given in this paper to be safety from the electromagnetic (EM) wave radiation during his/her dialing and call as given in the results, this research is a comparative study between most of those mobile devices that are used nowadays, it focuses on the mobile devices that had less EM radiation effect on human, depending on some practical tests as shown in the results, it is a helpful attempt for the mobile users the lowest EM radiation effect mobile device, also, this work shows the techniques to calculate and estimate SAR for mobile devices
Reducing the anxiety of adults during dental avulsions with virtual reality: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Protin Anaïs , Bénateau Hervé , Sergent Jean-François , Henry Dorian , Gautier Guillaume , Veyssière Alexis
Published: July 2024

Purpose: Dental anxiety is a recurring problem in the daily life of oral surgeons. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of virtual reality (VR) during dental avulsions can reduce anxiety in adults. Methods: This was a single centre randomized controlled clinical trial. Patients were randomized into two groups (with and without VR). VR experience was realized with music and visualization of 3D landscape thanks to a head-mounted display. Patients completed the State Trait Anxiety Inventory State (STAI-YA) and the Visual Analog anxiety Scale (VAS) before and after the intervention by transcribing the anxiety felt during this one. The main outcome was the evolution of STAI-YA score, a decrease of more than 8 points was sought. Secondary outcomes were studying the choice of the metric, defining the factors influencing the evolution of STAI-YA, studying side effects and the desire to repeat the experience. Results: 40% of patients in the VR group had a STAI-YA score reduced by more than 8 points between before and during the intervention compared to 20% in the control group. This result was significant (p = 0.026). VAS decreased by more than 2cm in 40% of patients in the VR group against 20% of patients in the control group. If a patient declared being afraid of the dentist, the VR seemed more efficient to reduce the anxiety. No side effects were observed, 96% of patients wanted to repeat the VR experience. Conclusion: VR appears to be effective in reducing the anxiety of adults during dental avulsions.
Numerical simulation of single bubble motion fragmentation mechanism in Venturi-type bubble generator
Authors: Chen Junliang , Lei Mao , Lu Shaobo , Xiao Xiaolong , Yao Mingxiu , Li Qiang
Published: July 2024

Microbubbles have been widely used in power, chemical, mining and petroleum applications to improve energy efficiency. The venture-type bubble generator can improve reaction efficiency in chemical engineering as an efficient bubble generation method. Studying the flow field and bubble bursting mechanism can enhance the bubble generation performance. The volume of fluid (VOF) multiphase flow model was used in the Open Field Operation and Manipulation (OpenFOAM) framework to study the deformation and fragmentation behaviour of a single bubble in a Quasi three-dimensional. The relationship between the mechanism of bubble breakup and the flow field in the diverging section of a Venturi-type bubble generator was revealed. The reasons for the uneven distribution of bubble size were analyzed and discussed. The numerical simulation result shows that the fragmentation of a single bubble injected by the converging section is more substantial than that injected by the throat in the axial direction. Bubble fragmentation occurs mainly in the diverging section. The bubble's trajectory is highly similar to the vortex trajectory of the diverging section. The size of sub-bubbles generated by single bubble fragmentation decreases with the diverging angle and liquid flow rate increase. The differential distribution of turbulent kinetic energy in the radial position directly leads to the uneven distribution of the bubble size of the broken bubbles. As the liquid Reynolds number increases, static and dynamic erosion breakup are more prominent. The size of the sub-bubbles is much smaller.
Rupturen frühzeitig erkennen und behandeln – Schienenversorgung bei Sehnenverletzungen des Daumens
Authors: Eglseder Verena , Lippold Sabrina
Published: July 2024

Es gibt verschiedene Formen der Nachbehandlung bei Verletzungen des Daumens, die aufgrund der Operationstechnik, der betroffenen Zone und der Sehnenheilung möglich sind. Die Versorgung mittels thermoplastischer Schiene sollte an erster Stelle stehen und gut durchdacht sein. Eine Reruptur oder Adhäsionen an der jeweiligen Sehne können die Nachbehandlung unnötig verkomplizieren.
Lernergebnisse methodisch erzielen – Erfolgreiche Lehre – Teil 2
Authors: Kaldewei Nicole , Strebel Helen
Published: July 2024

Lehrende haben den Auftrag, Auszubildende und Studierende dabei zu unterstützen, alle notwendigen Kompetenzen für das Berufsleben zu erwerben. Ein durchdachtes Lehrdesign bietet dafür den Rahmen. Ziel ist es, Methoden nicht pauschal, sondern gezielt und sinnvoll einzusetzen, damit alle Lernergebnisse erreicht werden.
Linalool: Therapeutic Indication And Their Multifaceted Biomedical
Applications
Authors: Singh Shiva , Mishra Anuradha
Published: July 2024

This comprehensive review endeavors to illuminate the nuanced facets of linalool,
a prominent monoterpene found abundantly in essential oils, constituting a
massive portion of their composition. The biomedical relevance of linalool is a
key focus, highlighting its therapeutic attributes observed through
anti-nociceptive effects, anxiolytic properties, and behavioral modulation in
individuals affected by dementia. These findings underscore the compound's
potential application in biomedical applications. This review further explores
contemporary formulations, delineating the adaptability of linalool in
nano-emulsions, microemulsions, bio-capsules, and various topical formulations,
including topical gels and lotions. This review covers published and granted
patents between 2018–2024 and sheds light on the evolving landscape of linalool
applications, revealing advancements in dermatological, anti-inflammatory, and
antimicrobial domains.
Eine niederländische Ergotherapeutin berichtet über ihre Arbeit in der Betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung
Authors: Mischner Julia Marlene
Published: July 2024

Dimphy Roozeboom ist Ergotherapeutin und für die Betriebliche Gesundheitsförderung bei dem international tätigen IT-Beratungshaus CGI zuständig. Im Interview berichtet sie, wie sich ihr beruflicher Weg entwickelt hat und wie sich ihr Arbeitsalltag als „Health and Well-being Lead“ gestaltet.
Den Therapieprozess erfolgreich beenden – Discharge
Authors: Heinrich Kim
Published: July 2024

Den Therapieprozess für alle Beteiligten zufriedenstellend zu beenden ist für viele Therapeutinnen und Therapeuten schwierig. Sie wollen Patient*innen nicht verärgern, jedoch auch nicht auf ewig halten. Kim Heinrich beschreibt das Phänomen des Discharge – also des Beendens der Therapie – und gibt Tipps, wie man rechtzeitig auf die Zeit nach der Therapie vorbereitet.
Sentiment Analysis of Transsphenoidal Surgery in the Cushing's Subreddit
Authors: Dimitroyannis Rose , Thodupunoori Sharanya , Leung Ringo , Nordgren Rachel , Polster Sean P. , Horowitz Peleg M. , Das Paramita , Roxbury Christopher R.
Published: July 2024

Introduction While the definitive treatment of Cushing's disease (CD) is transsphenoidal surgery (TSS), little is known about patients' perceptions of their treatment experience. Reddit, an online forum, allows users to interact on “subreddits” specific to interests. We aimed to assess patient sentiments regarding TSS for CD on the Cushing's subreddit.

Methods Cushing's subreddit posts were sorted by “top” of “all time” to evaluate those with the most engagement throughout the site's history. Posts unrelated to surgical management of CD were excluded. Descriptive statistics were performed to compare pre- and postoperative posters. Sentiment analysis was performed using TextBlob, a Python library, and thematic analysis was done using grounded theory qualitative methods.

Results From 68 entries, 53 (77.9%) were written by individuals who underwent TSS. Of posters with a history of TSS, many (68%, n = 25/38) reported difficult recovery, but an overwhelming majority (91.3%, n = 42/46) also reported positive long-term outcomes. Posters who had undergone TSS were more likely to post content with negative sentiment (p = 0.007), often regarding issues with access to the surgery. Thematic analysis revealed general themes of seeking and sharing advice, healthcare access issues, excitement for TSS, short-term symptoms postoperatively, and long-term outcomes.

Conclusion This study is the first to utilize Reddit to analyze patient perceptions of TSS for CD. This analysis suggests that most posters feel positively regarding their long-term outcome, while negative sentiments are often related to difficulties accessing care. Further studies should assess access to care for those with CD.
Hearing Function after CyberKnife for Vestibular Schwannoma: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tavares Matheus Pedrosa , Bahmad Jr Fayez
Published: July 2024

Introduction CyberKnife (CK) radiosurgery is a treatment strategy for vestibular schwannoma (VS).

Objectives To evaluate hearing preservation (HP) after CK for VS.

Data Synthesis The study was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, and it was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, under number CRD42021250300). The inclusion criteria were based on the population, intervention, comparison, outcome, timing and study design (PICOTS) strategy: population – patients with VS; intervention – CK; Comparison – none; Outcome – serviceable HP defined by Gardner and Robertson as grades I or II, or by the American Academy of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery as classes A or B; timing – mean follow-up longer than 1 year; and study design – retrospective or prospective studies. The exclusion criteria were: studies not published in English; studies published before January 2000 and after October 2021; and studies only including patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 or submitted to a previous treatment. The PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, LILACS, and IBECS databases were used and last searched on October 27th, 2021. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using I
2 statistics. The appraisal checklist was used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. A total of 222 studies were analyzed, and 13 were included in the synthesis, which represents 493 participants with serviceable hearing before intervention. The mean HP rate after CK using a random effects model was of 68% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 59–76%) at a mean follow-up of 42.96 months.

Conclusion The longer follow-up period was associated with a lower HP rate after CK radiosurgery for VS in the qualitative synthesis.