bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ENGLISH AS A WORLD LANGUAGE AND ITS IMPORTANCE
Authors: Chakraborty Mrs. Debjani
Published: July 2020

This paper aims to present the importance and requirement of the use of English in fostering and catering to the development of the technical competency and communicative skills of the students of engineering. It also draws a survey of the different methodologies adopted to meet the
growing requirement of soft skills not only in academic institutions but also beyond it. This paper also throws a flood of light on the change in attitude of the students who are expected to be able technocrats in mere future. It also objectifies the importance of (LSRW), which is the Listening,
Speaking, Reading and Writing skills. The extent and importance of the English language today are such as to make it reasonable to ask whether we cannot attempt an intelligent speculation as to the probable position which it will occupy in the future. From a language spoken only by a million
and half of people towards the close of the eleventh century it rose to be the language of five and a half millions by 1700. From Eighteenth century onward, English began to spread outside England and now it is spoken by men and women in the different parts of the world. English is the second
language in Europe, Russia being the first from the point of view of numerical strength. This paper throws a flood of light on the importance of English language in developing literature and various other literary forms that we use in today’s world. The soft skill, which is the need
of the hour has gained widespread currency and momentum in the 21st century life of the people. The role of Group Discussion, Debate, interviews, the different corporate etiquettes have become popular owing to the gradual development of English language. English language has achieved
importance for the students to meet with multifarious challenges and goals in their professional as well as personals fields. It also focuses on the fact that emotional intelligence as an effective soft skill is the growing demand of the people in today’s professional world.
APPLICATION OF POWERPOINT PRESENTATION IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING AND PEDAGOGY: ITS EFFICACIES AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS IN CLASSROOM INSTRUCTION
Authors: Hassan Mahmoodul
Published: July 2020

Thanks to the advancement of information technology, the scenario of language teaching and learning has got unprecedentedly and tremendously changed over the recent years. Traditional classrooms are giving way for smart classrooms. Technological applications have had enormous impact
on the arena of education and knowledge sharing, particularly on language learning and pedagogy. At this juncture, this paper attempts a study on the application of Power Point Presentation software in the context of English language teaching and learning. Today, PowerPoint, as an important
part of Computer-Assisted Language Leaning (CALL), is a much widely-used presentation software for it allows a language teacher to present his/her lesson with coloured texts, images with simple animation, sound and much more. As such, this study aims at bringing out the salient benefits of
applying PowerPoint Presentation both for English language teachers and learners, along with shedding lights on its efficacies and classroom implications in the light of some literature reviews and a classroom action research, questionnaire survey and post-test.Following a literary review
in this regard, a group of 40 English Language adult learners at a spoken English centre in Malappuram, Kerala, India are selected as subjects of this study in order to conduct the classroom action research and the questionnaire survey. The 40 subjects are divided into two groups of 20 each,
one is the experimental group and the other one is the control group. The experimental group is taught some particular grammar lessons using PowerPoint Presentation and the control group is taught the same lessons in the traditional method such as lecturing or just oral presentation. A likert
scale questionnaire method asking about the learning experience is applied to collect data from the experimental group. Majority of the experimental group hold positive opinion about the use of PowerPoint Presentation for teaching English. And a sample post-test is also administered out for
each group and the result shows that there is a big difference in the means of the two groups and that the subjects who are taught using PowerPoint Presentation Software demonstrate better performance than the control group.The paper concludes after a discussion on the results from the
survey stressing the fact that PowerPoint Presentation is a powerful pedagogical tool in English language classroom and the language instructors are advised to try to apply this technology in effective manner so that the actual learning takes place in the class, that’s too in quite interesting
way. The paper does not suggest a complete shift from traditional method to PowerPoint Presentation in a language classroom for traditional method has also its own advantages and benefits as first Indian Prime Minister Jawahar Lal Nehru rightly said: “Change is essential but Continuity
is also necessary” (Synthesis is Our Tradition, 1959)
APPROACHES AND METHODS IN ENGLISH COMMUNICATION
Authors: Moin Syed Wasif , Patra Tiyash , Mitra Sannoy , Dutta Arkaprovo
Published: July 2020

This paper presents various definitions of methods and ways of English communication. The general purpose of our study is to highlight the methods of English communication over generations and centuries. We will be analysing the various communication methods which have prevailed in
the society, including the pros and cons of the methods used. We will make a comparative study of the methods used during the medieval times to the ones made in the modern society, the modifications that prevailed in the methods with time. In this paper, we will primarily emphasis on three
factors. Firstly, we will thoroughly describe and define the methods and focus on the growth and build up on English language as a whole. Secondly, we discuss the various methods used for English communication during different historic time zones or the particular teaching methods prevalent
during particular regimes of different English rulers. Thirdly, we will be comparing the methods used between then and now, whether our methods excel from the ‘then methods’ or not. With time the theories and methods of communication are constantly improving. Recent trends, methodologies
and developments play a vital role for the education sector in general with internalization of education process. This education process and ways pertaining to English language in particular is what our paper looks to emphasize on. Generally, each method or approach has its own merits and
demerits in their practicability and adaptability in real classroom situations. Some of the common methods used are drills, dialogues, role plays, sentence completion, etc. Also there are methods like the oral approach, situation approach, audio-lingual approach which are language communication
techniques. Following are the four necessary requirements of a method-selection, gradation, technique, and practise. We will discuss further ahead in the paper. With technology and advancement of science the methods and approaches of communication have been modified. With time we need to adjust
to these changes to come out stronger in this world of fighting foes. We conclude by drawing English literature over centuries and new trends in foreign language teaching inspired by English literature.
SPEECH ANXIETY: IMPROPER COMMUNICATION & FEAR OF PUBLIC SPEAKING
Authors: Lall Hrithik , Tapader Bipranil , Biswas Samapika Das
Published: July 2020

We all are aware of two commonly used terms “Anxiety” & “Communication”, the term “Anxiety”, can be defined as a feeling of worry, nervousness or unease about something with an uncertain outcome. And the term “Communication”
can be defined as the imparting or exchanging of information by writing, speaking or using some other medium. With respect to Communication there is a type of Anxiety known as “Speech Anxiety” which is faced by an individual while delivering a speech on a public
platform. “Speech Anxiety” can also be termed as “Communication apprehension”, “Fear of Public Speaking”, or just “Plain Fear” which is faced by the majority of people when speaking to a group of people in a formal
setting. Sometimes just the thought of giving a speech makes one feel uncomfortable and those feelings manifest into physical reactions such as sweating, stuttering, flushness, and dizziness. The person often forgets what he/she is going to deliver and feels unprepared; wanting the experience
to end. Vividly we have divided these groups of people into three categories namely “Good”, “Average” and “Poor” based on their hold of the particular language, self-confidence and speaking skills. One can reduce these experiences and
deliver an effective speech with vivid information, enough self-confidence, and manage the anxiety often associated with public speaking so that he/she can improve the content and the process of delivering the speech.
NON-NATIVE EDUCATORS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING
Authors: Koley Sanhita
Published: July 2020

In many countries the primary (mother tongue) language is not English but there is a great demand for English language teachers all over the world. The demand in this field is try to be filled largely by non-native English speaking teachers who have learned English in the country or
abroad, or from another non native English peaking teachers. Non-native speakers have a distinct edge for teaching lower level students as they can explain difficult grammar points in learners’ native tongue with great accuracy. The perception of native speakers is best seems antiquated
in the global English speaking environment. Perhaps it is time for private schools to revisit their marketing strategies. In some countries, particularly those where English speaking is a sign of status, the students prefer to learn English from a native English speaker. The perception is
that a non-native English speaking teacher is a less authentic teacher than a native English speaker and their instruction is not satisfactory in some ways.
CONSTRUING CRITICALITY IN ESSAY GENRE IN ENGLISH LITERATURE
Authors: Ndoricimpa Clément
Published: July 2020

Criticality is established as one of most important characteristics of university essay genre. Students are required to demonstrate their critical thinking in their writing. However, criticality is a concept, which is less understood among students and tutors. Further, there is a little
agreement among researchers on how to investigate the linguistic features associated with enacting critical stance. Therefore, this paper demonstrates how criticality is achieved in essay genre in the discipline of English literature. The argument in this paper is that the linguistic features
traditionally associated with enacting criticality interact with other linguistic features to achieve critical stance in a written text. A systemic functional analysis of essays in English literature drawn from British Academic Writing English (BAWE) corpus demonstrates this interaction. Specifically,
the findings show that the linguistic resources for the creation of ideational meaning interact with those for critical positioning to achieve critical thinking in university essays. These findings have implication for teaching academic writing in the discipline of English literature.
IMPORTANCE OF GAINING ENGLISH AS A LANGUAGE FOR TODAY’S WORLD
Authors: Jhawar Neha , Sarkar Budhaditya , Datta Joyatee , Kumar Saurabh , Saha Krishanu , Dutta Rohit
Published: July 2020

English is the principal language for business in numerous countries and communication. In this paper, we have introduced the need and advantage of English language in today’s world. Why is it gaining popularity?We have also compared the terms, “knowledge” and
“understanding”. What advantage will the person get when he gains knowledge of English rather than learning, is also our prime discussion. “Knowledge becomes powerful with experience.” The meaning of this line is too discussed by us. From the early age if we start the
habit of gaining knowledge it will help to progress in our future because our present will decide our future. We want to highlight that the fact that only learning or memorizing cannot help you out from any type of difficulties, issues or limitations, you want to over come these problems then
the knowledge you have gained your entire life that will help you.Gaining knowledge about english language will help us to over come fear of speak fluently in english,vocabulary issues,pronunciation problems etc.There are so many languages in the world which are increasing rapidly
as the people’s are changing the main language, which are they using, into their conventional one tone so that it can be passed to others very frequently and clearly. One of the remarkable assets of the English language and why it is so awesome is its flexibility. It is an enormous entity
of vocabulary and is continually fascinating new words, whilst at the same time seeping into foreign languages.
Teaching English Communication to Non-English Medium School Students: A Learning Experience
Authors: Sharma Protim , Mili Shiva Prasad
Published: July 2020

This paper highlights the experience of a group of college teachers who have been voluntarily teaching English communication to vernacular medium students in rural areas of Sivasagar district in Assam, India at their leisure time. The standard of the students varied from class IX to
class XII. During the exercise of more than two years, it was found that a majority of the students lacked confidence in English communication. The ‘pull of the mother tongue’ was obvious which largely affected their pronunciation and natural flow of the target language. They were
also not very conversant with the common sentences and phrases used in daily conversation, which is basically for lack of motivation as well as exposure to English in their daily life. It was also found that most of the time the teachers had to make them ‘unlearn’ few basic concepts
of grammar such as parts of speech, tense, concord, and sentence structure etc in order to make them effectively ‘learn’ English communication. When we examine the teaching-learning situation in the Indian context, we see that both the learners and teachers of English as a Second
Language (ESL) usually have monolingual background – say for example, Assamese in the state of Assam. As teachers-facilitators of the teaching group, we took it as an advantage and used the common language, that is, Assamese as a ‘facilitating language’ to make the learning
process easier. It was found that the mother tongue or the common language can be used as a natural resource for learning the target language, and it is best suited for the purpose and learning can become a fun activity too.
PHONETICS IN LINGUISTICS
Authors: Ghosh Rouposhree
Published: July 2020

Phonetics is the study and classification of speech sounds. It is an important branch of linguistics. We are able to segment a continuous stream of speech into distinct parts and recognize the parts in other words. Everyone who knows a language knows how to segment sentences into words
and words into sounds. Our linguistic knowledge allows us to ignore non-linguistic differences in speech and we are capable of making sounds that are not speech sounds in English but are in other languages. For some words even though we write an alphabet in a word we skip them and those are
called silent letters. Similarly many other ways are also followed like using a combination of same letter to represent a single sound and etc. Syllabic sounds that can function as the core of a syllable. Phonetics mainly helps us the speaker to pronounce the words clearly using the vocal
chords followed by the respiratory system. It includes the speed, pitch, tone language, stress and intonation. Whereas for the listener phonetics focuses on the perception of sounds or the way in which sounds are heard and interpreted. Phonetics describes the sounds using symbols of IPA which
is INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET which helps one to study a language especially languages that use letters that are silent or have multiple pronunciations. With phonetic languages, there is a direct relationship between the spelling and the sound. It is important to understand that English
is not a phonetic language. That is because we often do not say a word which is spelled the same way as it is written. Three categories of sounds should be recognised at the outset which is phones, phonemes and allophones.
THE IMPORTANCE OF “ENGLISH” LANGUAGE IN TODAY’S WORLD
Authors: Dutta Sneha
Published: July 2020

English is one of the most powerful languages in all over world. Though it was the native language of Britain, it has become the Universal language nowadays. In different aspects of life like cultural, social, political, ethical parts have a deep influence of English language in it.
Apart from this, English has become the key of education, offices, laws, business etc. For authors also, it has a great value as a non-native language. In most of the countries over the world English was not the language of such importance from beginning. But after twentieth century it has
its own prestigious value in the world, by which it has conquer its place over other languages.
Is Poetry Mean or does Poetry Mean? Teaching Poetry through Memes
Authors: Bagchi Pronema
Published: July 2020

Poetry is a distinct form in which meaning is expressed with special intensity as words grow and mature with every reading of the text. Poetry is at times mean when words cannot be deciphered and students get easily bogged down in ambiguous phrases; but poetry does mean when the same
vague expressions are explored and explained creatively depending on the cognitive capacities of individuals. The aim of this paper is pedagogical as the study delves into the best way of introducing poetry to students. The need is to make sense of the poem without reliance on ready- made
interpretation and the challenge is to make the poetry class a memorable experience. In the age of edutainment, memes can prove an important source of enabling linguistic competence through literary content. By introducing fun and pun amongst student populace, teaching poetry through memes
can tap the trend into the classroom and doing a poem can become a unique experience with the help of an interactive pedagogy. To illustrate this methodology, the study will involve delineation of three poems at the levels of pre-reading, during-reading and post- reading of the texts. As an
outcome, one of the major tasks will be to observe the way in which memes centrifuge poems and aid in improving spatial intelligence of the target group. This study will conclude with some suggestions on how students can become material producers in the domain of ELT. Thus, the present research
is a humble attempt to showcase memes as a means to enjoy reality and celebrate differences.
THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON LANGUAGE
Authors: Saha Kaustav
Published: July 2020

This paper is aimed at exploring the impact of social networks on English language proficiency, whether it affects the language knowledge and usage negatively or positively. The paper is focused on investigating various key components like grammar, vocabulary, and 4 crucial language
skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing, keeping in mind the effects of numerous elements of Social Media on each of them. Based on the results of the present study, it can confidently be stated that social networks impact our writing more than any other skill. Constant software enhancements
have made constructing a message or statement, of any length, a child’s play. Ironically, our smartphones have become smarter than us, even when it comes to our natural communication skills. The basic building blocks of any Language lies in its roots and sentence construction. In this
generation, those building blocks are replaced or modified by the inclusion of several elements like abbreviations, emoticons and autofill. This paper explores both positive and negative aspects of the effects of social media on Language and presents a critical evaluation.
A Study on English Education in Primary School Level of West Bengal and Scope of Using Technology To Improve the Scenario
Authors: Roy Aritra
Published: July 2020

In the era of globalisation, English Language has become necessary for all of us. English education in India came to picture after the historical Macaulay’s Minutes of Indian Education (1835). After that, several years passed, but the situation is still not good, especially in
West Bengal. According to the statistics, 45 per cent of class V students cannot write their names properly in English, 67 % of the class V students cannot give answer to the simple questions in English.This adverse condition is making the situation tougher for the teachers of secondary
level to give them proper training in speaking and writing English for day-to-day activities. In this article, I have tried to look into the matter deeply to find the root of the problem and tried to design some measures using modern technologies to improve the scenario.
TRANSLATION AS A MEAN OF LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Mukherjee Avik
Published: July 2020

The present paper focuses on the use of translation in helping learning to acquire, develop and strengthen their knowledge and competence in the English language. Translation integrated into the language learning practice along with generally used learning activities, such as reading,listening,writing,and
vocabulary development could be defined as a “pedagogical tool”, considering that its purpose is to teach a language. Translation activities make students communicate both ways: into and from the foreign language. While translating students are incited to notice differences in
structures and vocabulary, to strengthen grammatical competence,to shape their own way of thinking and to correct common mistakes that could otherwise remain unnoticed .Students can make the best out of their learning,if they are encouraged to use translation skills properly. This paper is
based on a brief theoretical literature overview,analysis of the activities in the language classroom and analysis of the result of the survey.The findings of the survey suggest that translation is a good tool in the English language learning course aimed at enhancement of student ‘foreign
language skills.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE LINGUISTIC TECHNIQUES OF PROPAGANDA IN MARKETING AND POLITICS
Authors: Mohammad Irfan Hanan Khaja
Published: July 2020

Propaganda may be defined as the deliberate use of manipulation techniques in order to persuade the audience towards a biased opinion which helps a greater power or authority to develop the desirable perspective/choice in the target group. Though initially recognised with positive connotations,
“propaganda” today is recognised as corrupt means frequently applied in politics and advertisements to subtly influence public opinion on a large scale which appear seemingly stochastic. This paper intends to explore the various linguistics techniques applied in order to promulgate
propaganda and the effects they tend to have on the audience. Amongst the techniques varying from auditory to visual modes of propagation, this paper analyses the modes of establishing rhetoric through the use of language, standard parlance, prosody and other semiotic modalities in a public
discourse.
Translation as a Transformative Act of Resistance: A Postcolonial Exploration of the Western Metaphysics of Guilt
Authors: Alam Md. Rakibul
Published: July 2020

The act of translation is almost coeval with human existence.It is among those very few activities that date back to Babel, even if not to the Garden of Eden. There is an omnipresence of translationalilty in all human communicative activities. Unfortunately, for a long time, the dominant
Western discourses of translation have assumed the act of translation merely as an unavoidable/unexpected post-Babel crisis. Translational activities have often been seriously undermined and charged with various guilts especially in the Western discursive practices. This Western metaphysics
of guilt has conceived the act of translation as a secondary/inferior activity and the translator as no more than a betrayer to the ’original’. But by the advent of postcolonial translation theories, there is a paradigm shift in the conceptualization of translational activities.
Nowadays the ’original‘ is no longer exclusively seen as de facto superior to the translation.Translation is now seen as an autonomous free-standing creative work of the first order: not at all a secondary activity rather an activity which is primarily genuine and creative.
This paper explores various postcolonial theories of and approaches to translation against the backdrop of Western metaphysics of guilt and attempts to establish the act of translation as a transformative act of resistance. Postcolonial approaches suggest ways to unsettle the unapologetic
control and domination of the Western metaphysics of guilt surrounding the translational discourse. These approaches offer us with a significant site for invoking numerous questions involving serious issues like representation, power and historicity.
Informal Feedback in the English Language Classes of Gauhati University: An Ethnographic Study
Authors: Barua Nivedita Malini
Published: July 2020

According to Thomas (1987), though learning is a private process, it is also the result of the external interaction which takes place between the participants viz. the teacher and the learners in the classroom.The language classroom can be considered as a microcosm of society and
as such the interaction in the classroom can be considered as a reflection of the communication outside it. The cultural conditioning and defining of the roles of the teacher and the learner play an important role in the teaching-learning process. The feedback that is provided by the teacher
is an important part of classroom interaction. This paper attempts to determine the quality of the informal feedback in the English language class and also tries to ascertain the extent to which it is provided to the undergraduate students of Gauhati University. It is believed that the findings
will throw light on the quality of classroom interaction and also assist in raising awareness about it’s importance.A few aspects of feedback that will be analysed in this paper in an ethnography of communication (EoC) framework are provided below.• How does the relationship
between the participants i.e. the teacher and the learners influence the kind of feedback and in turn the quality of teaching and learning in the classroom?• Does cultural conditioning play a role in the classroom interaction?For this study a survey was conducted in three colleges
affiliated to Gauhati University. Students and teachers of the General English paper were interviewed with the help of semistructured interviews. The findings indicate that the feedback system is almost non-existent in colleges due to numerous problems that need to be addressed in an expedited
manner. The reasons for the faulty feedback system have also been addressed in the paper.
Teaching EFL Speaking to the Students at the Tertiary Level: A study at the Private Universities in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md. Rahat
Published: July 2020

Primarily, communication takes place through speech. Hence, in the teaching-learning process of English language, teaching speaking skill has attracted the greatest level of interest. Teaching speaking English has been established as a professional and academic field at all levels,
especially at the tertiary level in Bangladesh. However, the nature of teaching speaking has undergone some considerable changes in recent years. The study tried to focus on the effectiveness of the methods followed by the English language teachers and the appropriateness of the materials
used by the teachers while teaching EFL speaking to the students at the tertiary level in the private universities of Bangladesh. This study conducted semi-structured interviews with 6 English teachers teaching English at the private universities located in Dhaka city. The study shows that
teaching speaking to the students studying at the tertiary level is really a challenging task. Challenges mainly lie in inappropriate curriculums, unavailability of teaching materials, lack of research, traditional classroom environment and so on.
Role of English as a Medium of Communication for Engineering Students
Authors: Srivastava Abhinav , Bhattacharjee Abhishikta
Published: July 2020

This paper briefly explains about the significance of English language in the field of engineering both in local and global contexts. In the present world engineering is one of the most chosen fields by undergraduate students and based on literature reviews for necessary data, it has
been found that English language is an efficient part of the engineering curriculum as it is the widely accepted language throughout the globe. Almost all activities starting from class discussion and viva-voce to oral presentation of research papers and projects are done in English. It is
also the most important way of gathering information from various printed, Audio-visual or electronic media sources. Especially for non-native English speakers in the field of engineering mastering English is even more important, not only for their academic life but also for their career in
future. Moreover, without having a good command on English, it is very difficult for the engineering students to grasp the underlying principles and ideas that authors try to convey through their books and papers. In the present world English is acting as a bridge language to establish communication
between people who do not share a native language and therefore it is the basic requirement for engineering students.
English as 1st language vs English as 2nd language India: A Case Study
Authors: Khan Farhan Hai , Pal Tannistha , Ghosh Suvradip
Published: July 2020

“Viewed freely, the English language is the accretion and growth of every dialect, race, and range of time, and is both the free and compacted composition of all.”-Walt WhitmanIt is often said “language is the vehicle for inter and intra communication.
It is the tool to communicate across geographical boundaries”. All humans have an innate capability to acquire language. The learning of first language is a natural process and this language is termed as native language or mother tongue. In addition to first language, the language that
we acquire is termed as the second language. English is the major language used for international communication. India is a country which has different languages, customs, cultures and rituals. English is an official language as well as an important language in India. It is considered as a
gift that was given to the Indians by the British. And yes, it is absolutely true that most of the Indians thought English is a prestigious language and by using it one can acquire better education, better culture and higher intellect too.English is an essential language because knowledge
of English is required in many fields, professions and occupations. “English language stood strong here in India against all tests of time”. In today’s world people realize the importance of English. It is the most widely spoken native language in the world. English is indisputably
the primary language of global trade and commerce. To survive in this modern era, it is necessary to acquire basic knowledge in English language.This paper will make an attempt to show how useful English is as a first language and as a second language. It also gives us an idea of how English
reached India and evolved here through ages as the most important language of education and research. It also deals with the advantages and disadvantages of acquiring English as a first language and second language. It will also show how English became a significant language in India as well
as different parts of the world and why is it so necessary to grasp hold of the language as a key to success in the outside world. And finally, we discuss about what are the flaws and leads in keeping the global language as a native tongue or a contingent language to be supported by another
language.
Thinking Out of the Box
Authors: Bose Nilayan , Sarkar Payel , Das Abhirup , Samaddar Maithily , Roy Soumik , Dutta Sohini
Published: July 2020

Thinking out of the box, is a metaphor that means to think differently, or think from a new perspective. The phrase often refers to creative thinking. If the box represents traditional problem-solving thinking, then everyone is capable of coming up with an abstract way of solving the
problem. A new angle never explored before. Call it what you want, evolution, inspiration or the passion. Human beings are designed with an element of adaption and progress.There was no directive given about staying within a box, but our mind tends to build a box and framing confines.
Thinking outside the box is about breaking the confines of the mind and allowing myself the chance to explore and expand our horizons.People are so accustomed to think like everybody else, that they are afraid to explore the possibilities of their mind. Give yourself the permission to
explore no matter how crazy your plan seems. Just believe in your chosen plan and witness the magic. Be willing to look at different facets of yourself, your personality, style etc. and listen to your intuition. We tend to ignore our intuition even though deep down we always know the answer
to our problems.
Language may be Dormant but not Dead
Authors: Kanjilal Poulami , Saha Rupaam
Published: July 2020

The paper aims to provide a comprehensive description about the dead languages and the structural learning. The first part of the paper describes us about the dead languages, and how the languages died in the ongoing times. The second part of the paper comprises that how one of the
dead language such as Sanskrit is practical enough to use as a resource in the 21st century and how this linguistic study is contributing in Structural learning. Dead Language is a language that is not regarded as much important as native language in the modern period. Dead languages have
barely any speakers in the present day. As per various statistical surveys one language dies every 14 days. There are many languages such as Latin, Sanskrit and Hebrew which have evaporated due to various circumstances such as colonization. The parent language loses its importance and gradually
dies due to its improvisation among various regions of the land. In the present day these languages are used only for legal and academic purposes.But the philologists have unearthed that one of the ancient language, Sanskrit has another image rather than just being an ancient language.
Sanskrit has its rules placed in mathematical forms, having no exceptions unlike other languages. Being exception less makes it much more accessible to people and that is why the experts and technicians are tempted towards this language.In this fast progressing world, time needs to be
used wisely. Therefore, writing texts also requires good space and time management. People are preferring shortcuts to express themselves, so this globe needs short scripts yet having complete message the individual wants to convey. The scientific field is also looking for script which requires
less time, less effort and less data. And here Sanskrit can be reintroduced leading towards structural learning.
Writing without Bias
Authors: Seal Sagnik
Published: July 2020

Enlightened persons look upon all human beings as their kith and kin. Liberal outlooks and good manners forbid them from harboring any preconceived idea about anybody on grounds of gender, race, religion, caste, community, age and disability (physical or mental). Yet some writers every
now and then slyly hint at the presumed superiority of one group of people over another without any rational basis. They tend to judge others by their own cultural yardsticks. They are too insular to realize that anyone who may just be different from them in some ways are as important members
of human society as any of their own kind.When bias exists in attitudes, it seeps through language. Language often turns out to be the cultural filter through which we construct what we consider as ‘normal.’ Our choice of words and expressions are often loaded with implicit
prejudice. They betray our insensitivity to the feelings of others. If you are not mindful about weeding out hurtful expressions from your writing, your message will offend a large section of your readers.
Communicative Competence and Various Factors Affecting Learning
Authors: Sarkar Kriti , Debnath Satyajit , Bhattacharya Doyel , Das Shreyoshi
Published: July 2020

Language is a system which comprises of acquisition, development and communication. In order to comprehend language and to make sure that it is perceivable, the acquisition of language is used as a tool. James Cummins put forward the Cummin’s Iceberg Theory which distinguishes
between cognitive/academic language proficiency (CALP) and basic interpersonal communicative skills (BICS). CALP is the language which is necessary to understand and discuss in the classroom. BICS, on the other hand is the language needed diurnally, including conversation with friends, informal
interaction. Person’s body language, eye contact, the physical distance is what determines the intentions of the person and his or her sincerity and altogether called the non-verbal communication. This paper highlights the various factors like social, linguistic, psychological factors
that affects the learning competence of the learner.
Expression of Thoughts: Language isn’t necessary
Authors: Ganguli Nirmalya
Published: July 2020

Whenever we are asked about expressions or expressing something the very first way or the method that comes up is by means of verbal communication. This particular way of communicating requires a pre-requisite database that is modified from time to time. That database is nothing but
the language database of which more or less all of us are quite acquainted with. However, other than the variations and different forms of verbal communication yet another way to express is to communicate sans language. This is not the actual form of the nonverbal communication which is also
very much effective and beautiful but a kind of expression of your thoughts just through your approach and your sense of admiration. The concept which has been discussed about in this paper is eponymous with the name of this particular segment- ‘abstract’. One of the most daunting
challenges of this paper revolves about the perception of the reader on how she or he receives the portrayed idea.
Coping with the Curriculum: Examining Critical Issues in Assessment of English Language Learners in the Secondary Classrooms of Bengal
Authors: Roy Debanjali
Published: July 2020

In the last few decades there has been a paradigmatic shift in English language teaching all across the world with extensive research being conducted in the planning and preparation of an appropriate language curriculum- one that will address the manifold needs of learners in a given
context and time. In the post-Independence phase of English language teaching in India, the necessity of upgrading the existing language curricula and making it at par with global standards was recognized. In West Bengal too, a similar understanding underlined the series of revisions in the
syllabus, methodological approach, and development of TLM (Teaching-Learning materials) and assessment of learners, especially after the 1950s. Interestingly, the curricular revision of English in 2011 in the aftermath of the political turnover in the state, overhauled the earlier curriculum
with a new functional, communicative approach that led to massive changes (from the primary level through the higher secondary level of school) in the syllabus, course content, methodology and assessment of linguistic and communicative competence of the learners. Replacing the previous mid-term
and annual evaluation process, the new curriculum has introduced continuous assessment pattern with special focus on formative assessment.This article traces the evolution in approach and techniques of assessment in the light of changing curricular needs worldwide and then studies the
revised assessment approaches adopted in the present curriculum (after the curricular revision in 2011) of West Bengal Board of Secondary Education (WBBSE).
“Information Technology in ELT (English Learning and Teaching)”
Authors: Anand Abhishek , Gupta Rohit Kumar , Raj Rishu , Sinha Roushan , Kumar Prashant , Raj Aadarsh
Published: July 2020

In the span of ten years have witnessed a revolutionary change in Information Technology and have also changed the way of working for various IT companies. This rapid rise in technology has offered a better design to explore the new teaching model. As a matter of fact, technology plays
a vital role in English language & Teaching (ELT). Technology has enabled teachers to adapt to various classroom activities, hence enhancing or encouraging the English learning process. English is absolutely necessary for each and every educated person. It has now become a minimum criterion
in the placement cell. Learning the English language is not a piece of cake, you really have to work hard for it. Information technology may assist as the real educational structure allowing learners to learn English in a totally different way. IT continues to grow as an important tool to
help teachers to facilitate English learning for their learners. In this early stage of this century, the range of technologies available for use in English language learning and teaching has become very diverse. This paper is going to explore the necessity of Information Technology to English
Language Teaching (ELT) and also tries to bring out the problems faced by using these technologies. This makes English teachers aware of the strategies to use it in an effective manner and with easy methodology.
GLOBAL LANGUAGE ENGLISH: ITS IMPACT ON THE INDIAN SOCIETY
Authors: Das Swastika , Bhattacharya Anunita , Bhattacharya Devayan , Datta Raktim , Chatterjee Surya Kanta , Tiwary Haridwar
Published: July 2020

English language has got a major role to play in the linguistic side of globalization and has slowly emerged to be the lingua franca of international relations. Easily intelligible and widely accepted, English today is spoken by more than 350 million people and is synonymous with development
and opportunities. The linguistic globalization is not an internal language phenomenon but the result of a deliberate linguistic attitude, strictly guided by economic interests. English is now widely regarded as a major business language. More and more multinational companies are mandating
English as their common corporate language. Now, with this sudden IT revolution in India, with this sector increasing its contribution to India’s GDP from 1.2% in 1998 to 7.7% in 2017, the significance of English language in our country has certainly increased, and due to valid reasons.Our
paper briefly describes the importance of English as a language in our modern Indian society, and how, through the British colonization English was first intoduced to Indians. The contribution of English language in the progress of Indian society is truly unrequitable, and this paper sheds
some light on how and why English came to be of such undeniable importance to the Modern Indian Education System.
Assisted Technology for Cognitive Comprehension in the Differently Abled
Authors: Barua Dhriti
Published: July 2020

This paper is a preliminary study on what Assisted Technology (AT) and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) are and the kinds of disabilities in learners. It examines what Assisted Technology Tools (ATT) / Softwares are and how they can help in cognitive comprehension in differently
abled individuals/learners. It presents the types of Assistive Technology, its benefits and provides an overview of the opportunities offered by the internet and ICT (Information and Communication Technology) for the active and wholesome participation of persons with disabilities, in the learning
process. Terms and keywords related to the topic have been explained in the course of the article. In addition, the paper provides a list of the Assisted Technology Tools, Softwares and Systems which give learners an opportunity to choose a relevant and user friendly tool. The new technologies
highlight the benefit and opportunities that learners with disability can avail as other learners—turning yesterday’s disabled students into today’s enabled students.
THE EFFECT OF REWARD STRATEGIES ON THE SUCCESS OF CROWDFUNDING CAMPAIGNS
Authors: VERSCHOORE JORGE R. , ARAÚJO MARIANA D. M.
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of reward strategies on the success of crowdfunding campaigns. Originality/value: The study contributed to the knowledge of crowdfunding reward strategies. Through a comparative analysis approach, the study demonstrated differences in the effect of tangible, symbolic and collective rewards on the success of crowdfunding campaigns. Design/methodology/approach: The study employs the approach of Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) to analyze the CF campaigns of catarse.me, a Brazilian crowdfunding platform. Findings: Tangible rewards, such as something special and purchase me, have a positive effect on the success of crowdfunding campaigns. Symbolic and collective rewards, such as collectible tokens, pursuit of pleasure, and top it up, cannot replace the material incentives of tangible rewards. The main findings show the opportunities for combinations of reward strategies on collective fundraising. Based on the study, entrepreneurs are able to plan a reward strategy for crowdfunding campaigns. Results are applicable to reward-based crowdfunding and cannot be generalized to other platforms around the world.
Ibuprofen increases the serum Omentin levels in rats after abdominal surgery
Authors: Sit Mustafa , Aktas Gulali , Ozer Bahri , Catal Oguz
Published: July 2020

SUMMARY AIMS Omentin is an adipokine primarily produced by visceral adipose tissue and its reduced levels have been shown to be associate with worse metabolic outcomes. We aimed to study the effects of preoperative ibuprofen on postoperative omentin levels in rats after surgery. METHODS Forty-eight albino Wistar rats, 6 in each of 8 groups according to the surgical procedure (laparotomy, laparotomy plus ibuprofen (IBU), nephrectomy, nephrectomy plus IBU, hepatectomy, hepatectomy plus IBU, splenectomy and splenectomy plus IBU). The Omentin levels of the groups were postoperatively analyzed. RESULTS The mean omentin was significantly higher in the laparotomy plus IBU group compared to the laparotomy group (p<0.001). Mean Omentin was significantly higher in the hepatectomy plus IBU group compared to the hepatectomy group (p=0.01). Mean Omentin was significantly higher in the nephrectomy plus IBU group compared to the nephrectomy group (p=0.001). CONCLUSION We suggest that preoperative ibuprofen may enhance circulating levels of Omentin, which has beneficial effects in trauma and inflammation settings in subjects that undergo minor or major abdominal surgery.