bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rising trends of caesarean section in modern obstetrics: analysis by Robson classification
Authors: Rajakumar Shery Angel , Myneni Sindhura , M. Kamala Roshini
Published: October 2020

Background: Rising caesarean section (CS) rates are a major public health concern worldwide. The main objective of our study was to analyse the CS rates according to Robson ten group classification system (TGCS).Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology at Chettinad hospital and research institute, during a period of 5 years from May 2015 to April 2020. All the women who delivered by CS were included in the study. The data regarding parity, gestational age, onset of labour, number of foetuses and presentation was collected and classified according to Robson TGCS and analysed.Results: A total of 4199 women delivered during the study period. Out of 4199 women 2149 (51.18%) underwent CS. All the women who underwent caesarean section were classified according to Robson TGCS. Group 5 contributed the most (40.81%). Group 2 had the second highest contribution of 33.36%. Group 1 had 6.24%, group 3 and 4 contributed for 1.16% and 4.65% respectively. Group 6 and 7 had 2.84% and 1.68% respectively. Group 8 had 2.28%, group 9 had 0.23% and group 10 constituted 6.75%.Conclusion: As contribution of repeat CS is high among the overall CS rate it is important to reduce the primary CS rates. More analytical studies need to be done based on Robson TGCS to evaluate the indication of CS within each group.
A comparative study of single versus repeat instillation of intravaginal prostaglandin E2 gel for induction of labour
Authors: Mashkaria Aastha , Shah Sushma R. , Mehta Ami V. , Panchal Payal P. , Mashkaria Aashka
Published: October 2020

Background: The aim of induction was to achieve successful vaginal delivery where continuation of pregnancy is not desirable. Unfavourable cervix is one of the main causes of failed induction. Introduction of intravaginal prostaglandins E2 has revolutionised the method of cervical ripening. More than one dose of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) gel may be necessary to facilitate cervical ripening and increase the chances of vaginal delivery.Methods: This retrospective study was done to find the efficacy of repeat instillation of intravaginal PGE2 gel and to compare the maternal and fetal outcome between the single instillation group and repeat instillation group. The women who went into labour or achieved cervical ripening with a single instillation of PGE2 gel forms Group A. Those who required repeat instillation of PGE2 gel forms Group B. Both groups were compared for specific parameters.Results: Primigravidas required repeat instillation. Postdated pregnancy was the most common indication for induction of labour. 45.2% of primis required only single dose and 54.8% required repeat dose. About two third (77.8%) of multipara required only one dose and a third of multipara needed repeat dose. In Group A 90.7% had vaginal delivery, 9.3% had Caesarean section. Group B 95.7% had vaginal delivery and 4.3% had Caesarean section.Conclusions: Prostaglandins PGE2 (0.5 mg) gel is recommended to be used intravaginally. We applied 2 doses of intravaginal PGE2, 24 hours apart and no complications like uterine hyperstimulation was seen. There is no increased fetal risk with repeat instillation of intravaginal PGE2 gel.
Preoperative ultrasonography in the evaluation of abdominal wall adhesions
Authors: Rani Neha , Rajaram Shalini , Chaube Sarita , Rathi Vineeta
Published: October 2020

Background: To detect and document preoperatively the presence of bowel and omental adhesions in the periumbilical region and along the previous abdominal scar using visceral slide scale by ultrasonography, and to compare the ultrasonic findings with intraoperative laparotomy or laparoscopy.Methods: It was a cross-sectional observational study conducted between for 18 months at Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi. Patients who had previously undergone abdominal surgery and were subsequently admitted for either laparotomy or laparoscopy (N=100) were selected. All patients underwent ultrasonography for visceral slide evaluation both along the scar and in a radius of 4 cm around the umbilicus. Later, peroperative findings were compared with ultrasonic findings.Results: Mean visceral slide without and with adhesions was 2.39 (±1.21) versus 1.74 (±1.26) cm, correlation being significant (p=0.017) along the scar. While, the mean slide along the scar without and with adhesions in periumbilical region was 2.33 (±1.24) versus 1.07 (±1.07) cm, (p=0.007) on un-paired t-test showing sensitivity=51.6%, specificity=81.15%, positive predictive value=55.2%, and negative predictive value=78.9%. Patients with bowel adhesions (N=3) had restricted visceral slide both in periumblical region and along the scar (1.07 and 0.5 cm respectively).Conclusions: Preoperative ultrasonography using visceral slide is a valuable technique in the detection of abdominal wall adhesions. A slide of ≤1 cm in the periumbilical region strongly suggests bowel adhesions.
Pregnancy outcomes of mothers with immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Karanth Shashikala , Vijay Christy , Harita Chaitanya , Mol Jaya S.
Published: October 2020

Background: It has been proposed that, thrombocytopenia is the most common haematological abnormality in pregnancy after anaemia. The incidence of severe immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in pregnancy has been difficult to report because of the rarity of the disease. Objectives were to determine the prevalence, pregnancy outcomes, treatment modalities of ITP mothers over five years in a tertiary health care hospital in South India.Methods: Our study was a retrospective record study, which looked into various aspects of obstetrical outcomes and complications in ITP mothers. Records of the in-patient medical record department (MRD) folders of patients with ITP who delivered at St. Johns Medical Hospital, Bangalore were studied.Results: We identified 53 patients with ITP with a mean age of 25.6+4.6 years, age of diagnosis of ITP at 21.1+5.9 years and gestational age of 36.2+3 weeks. In our study 17 (32%) were acute and 36 (67.1%) were chronic ITP. In our study 39.6% had history of at least one prior pregnancy loss. Patients with ITP at 35-37 weeks were induced with PGE1 (35.7%) in comparison to those with PGE2 (p≤0.001). Post-partum haemorrage (PPH) was seen in 7.5% of the pregnancies and all four were mothers with chronic ITP. Severe preeclampsia in ITP mothers was seen in 2 (66.7%).Conclusions: Chronic ITP in pregnancy poses more risks to mother and foetus as seen with the higher chance of PPH etc. Mothers with ITP should be screened antenatally as the chances of anomalies are high in the foetus.
The role of parenteral tranexamic acid in reducing blood loss in normal labour
Authors: C. C. Nandhini , . Shanmugapriya
Published: October 2020

Background: Obstetric blood loss can be reduced by using anti-fibrinolytic agents.Methods: 200 patients undergoing normal vaginal delivery and fulfilling the inclusion criteria were recruited for the study. In each patient pre-delivery and post-delivery vital parameters and blood indices were noted. The study group received injection tranexamic acid while the control group received only placebo injection in addition to the active management of third stage of labour. The amount of blood loss immediately after delivery and 2 hours after delivery were measured using blood drape and pre-weighed pads respectively.Results: There was a significant increase in the pulse rate and decrease in blood pressure in the control group. The post-delivery hemoglobin and hematocrit were significantly reduced in the control group. The blood loss at the end of 2 hours was more in the control group. The usage of additional uterotonics, need for blood transfusion, and duration of hospital stay was also increased in the control group.Conclusions: Tranexamic acid injection, an antifibrinolytic agent given intravenously after the delivery of the baby appears to reduce blood loss during normal vaginal delivery effectively.
Pregnancy and labor outcomes in squat versus western style sitting toilet users: a pilot study
Authors: Singh Pooja , Jain Sandhya , Rajaram Shalini , Rathi Vinita , Gupta Bindiya , Kalra Kanika
Published: October 2020

Background: Squatting posture may appear outdated and primitive, but in the antenatal period, it is an important resistance exercise to strengthen the abdominal and pelvic floor muscles which are believed to potentially prepare the women for a more natural delivery. No study till date has evaluated the effect of type of toilet seat regularly used during pregnancy. This was a pilot study to assess obstetric outcomes in antenatal women using squat versus western style sitting toilet seat.Methods: In an observational prospective pilot study, low risk primigravida at 28-32 weeks gestation were recruited from the outpatient department and divided into two groups after matching baseline characteristics. Group I (n=50) included women regularly using squatting type toilet seat and group II (n=50) comprised women using western style toilet seat. Pregnancy was followed till delivery; obstetric and neonatal outcomes were noted.Results: Squatting group, as compared to sitting type seat users, had lower incidence of vaginal discharge (10% vs 16%), urinary tract infection(12% vs. 24%), constipation (2% vs. 6%), labor induction (52% vs. 58%), shorter second-stage duration (0.60 vs. 1.24 hours) and a higher incidence of normal vaginal delivery (94% vs. 86%), albeit not statistically significant. NICU admissions (16% vs. 20%) and mean birth weight (2.83 vs. 2.97 kg) were comparable in the two groups.Conclusions: Squatting type toilet seat users had many favourable obstetric outcomes, especially a higher incidence of normal vaginal delivery; although, the difference was not statistically significant. Large community based surveys in this regard can reveal the true effects of squatting type toilet seat on pregnancy and labour outcomes.
Placental thickness as a sonographic biomarker for gestational age among singleton pregnancies
Authors: Mariappan Gokul Reshmi , Panchaksharayya Hiremath B. , R. Govardhanan
Published: October 2020

Background: The aim of the study was to exploring the application of placental thickness as a sonographic marker for determining gestational age among singleton pregnant mothers.Methods: This longitudinal, observational study was conducted in obstetrics and gynecology department and department of Radiology, Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College and Hospital, Ariyur, Puducherry, in antenatal mothers of 11-40 weeks of gestation from 2018 to 2019. The study included 278 normal singleton pregnant women. The details regarding the socio-demographic variables, relevant clinical history and examination, laboratory investigations and ultrasound report containing gestational age, placental thickness measured at the level of cord insertion were documented in a proforma. The sonographic measurements were made using a grey scale real time ultrasound machine Siemens ACUSON x400 with a convex 2-5 mhz probe.Results: The study included 278 pregnant women with a mean age of 25.8±44 years. Majority of them were home makers (n=155, 55.7%) and educated (n=257, 92.4%) and primigravida(n=117, 57.9%).The position of the placenta in majority of the participants was posterior placed (71.6%). The mean gestational age of the studied antenatal women was 28.3±7.2 weeks as per ultrasonogram. Majority of the participants were younger aged between 20 to 30 years of age and very few teenage pregnancies. There was a significant correlation between the gestational age and placental thickness (p<0.001). There was a significant (p<0.001) correlation between placental thickness and femur length (r=0.972).Conclusions: The placental thickness showed significant positive correlation with the gestational age as measured by ultrasonogram. Hence it can be used as a parameter in determining the gestational age.
A study on awareness and acceptance of contraceptive methods in postpartum women in a tertiary care institute
Authors: Lavanya Sowmyanarayanan , Talapala Rajyalakshmi , Munivenkatappa Swetha
Published: October 2020

Background: Contraception is an important tool to reduce unwanted pregnancy and promote healthy living. The benefits of family planning program are recognized worldwide to improve health, social and economic status of families. The objective of the study is to estimate the prevalence of awareness for various contraceptive methods among postpartum women, to find the acceptance of different contraceptive methods and evaluate the factors affecting the same.Methods: The study is a cross-sectional observational study conducted among postpartum women who delivered in Narayana medical college hospital over a period of 1 year. The awareness, acceptance and reason or refusal for contraception was assessed. The data obtained was analyzed to generate graphs and tables.Results: A total of 61% women were aware of at least one method of contraception. 74% were using a contraceptive at the time of study. 39% were unaware of any contraceptive method. 49% preferred intrauterine contraceptive device. Main reason for non-acceptance of contraceptive was couple’s desire for a male child. Health professionals were the main source of imparting the knowledge of birth spacing.Conclusions: Regular antenatal counselling to all pregnant women must be done in every hospital in a village to tertiary care centres. Information should be provided about various contraceptive methods and patient should be able to choose a method of her own choice. A strong motivation is required to adopt a suitable method individualised to each woman.
Optimal management of diabetic pregnancies and its current practice: a one-year study in a tertiary care center
Authors: Kiran Pooja , Patil Kamal P.
Published: October 2020

Background: Diabetes is one of the largest global health emergencies of 21st century and Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most crucial illnesses complicating women of child-bearing age. The objectives of this study is to determine the maternal and fetal outcome of pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes either GDM or pre-existing diabetes.Methods: An analysis of pregnant women was done retrospectively at KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Belgaum. 171 cases were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus in pregnancy. 162 cases developed GDM and 9 had pre-existing diabetes. Pregnant women who were found to be diabetic pre conceptionally or in the first trimester were classified as pre-existing diabetes. All pregnant women diagnosed with diabetes mellitus were studied and relevant maternal and fetal outcomes and complications were assessed.Results: There were171 diabetic women in this retrospective study out of which 94.7% had GDM and 5.26% had pre-existing diabetes. Rate of pre-eclampsia was 24.56%, preterm delivery was 17.54% and polyhydramnios was 15.20%. Rate of caesarean section were 57.30% and vaginal delivery was 45.06%. In fetal and neonatal complications, the rate of fetal macrosomia was 11.1%, hyperbilirubinemia 15.78%, respiratory distress syndrome 9.94%.Conclusions: Diabetes in pregnancy is associated with increased risks to the maternal and fetal complications. The aim of this study is to lay emphasis upon early detection, screening and timely management that will reduce the adverse outcomes in both mother and fetus. predicted.
Obstetric emergencies during the COVID-19 lockdown period: a case series
Authors: Vasudhar Ananya , S. Anita , Patil Gayatri L. , S. Shridevi A. , Pujar Tejaswi V. , . Renuka
Published: October 2020

Obstetric emergencies during COVID-19 pandemic pose an enormous challenge to the concerned obstetrician. Risk stratification during obstetric triage will guide in the initial assessment & planning of further management to reduce maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality rates. As the health system adapts to cope with this pandemic, special attention needs to be given to the several moral and ethical dilemmas that may occur during patient care.
Pregnancy while using a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system 52 mg: a case report
Authors: Piriyev Elvin , Romer Thomas
Published: October 2020

Intrauterine contraception mostly in the form of copper intrauterine device (IUD) or hormone-releasing system, is a widely used method with a high level of contraceptive security. Despite high contraceptive efficiency, pregnancy can still occur. Pregnancy with a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) in situ is very rare. Intracavitary pregnancy with an IUD can lead to a higher risk of infection and preterm birth. Present the case of a 28-year old woman who was admitted to our hospital due to pregnancy with an LNG-IUS 52 mg in the 9th gestational weeks (8 weeks 3 days). Sonography showed an intact pregnancy corresponding to the gestational week. The IUS was located in the lower part of the cavity at a considerable distance from the amniotic cavity. After extensive information on the benefits and risks, sonography-guided saline infusion hysteroscopy was carried out. The intact pregnancy and the IUS could be shown hysteroscopically. The removal of the IUS was carried out with a grasping forceps. There was no complication. After an inconspicuous course of pregnancy, the patient spontaneously gave birth in 37 gestational weeks 1 day.
Pregnancy in porphyria and its complications: a case report
Authors: Mital Tuhina K. , Fuke Rujuta P.
Published: October 2020

As with many rare diseases, little is known about the porphyrias and reproduction. Knowledge pertaining to complications in pregnancy in a patient with porphyria is even more scant. The information which we have is from attending on individual cases. The following case report demonstrates a rare case of porphyria cutanea tarda in a 30 year old female patient, diagnosed around pubertal age, who presented to the Emergency department as a case of severe anemia who had delivered a still born baby the same day. Still births along with spontaneous abortions, preeclampsia and low birth weights are few of the known complications of pregnancy in patients with porphyria.
Ruptured subcapsular hepatic hematoma complicating severe preeclampsia with haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count syndrome: a case report
Authors: Anand Ashok R. , Shah Binita H. , Vashisth Pratibha
Published: October 2020

Subcapsular liver hematoma is rare complication of severe preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome, thus making it essential for these patients to be followed up in critical and intensive care units for advanced medical support with fluid and electrolyte management and replacement of blood products while treating underlying disorders. Treatment options have to be individualised and vary from conservative management to surgical treatment including hepatic resection, hepatic artery ligation, and liver transplantation. In this paper we report a case of ruptured hepatic hematoma in a 35 year old female, few hours within delivery, a complication of severe preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome
Successful conservative management of live cervical ectopic pregnancy: case report
Authors: Khithani Juhi L. , Supe Pradnya B. , Sarmalkar Meenal S.
Published: October 2020

Cervical ectopic pregnancy (CEP) is an exceptional type of ectopic pregnancy, representing <1% of the ectopic pregnancy with incidence 1:2500 to 1:12000. It can lead to life threatening complication and torrential bleeding and even necessitate the need for hysterectomy. A 30-year-old patient referred to Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College with transvaginal sonography suggestive of live CEP. Because of patient’s stable condition, it was treated with ultrasound-guided intra-amniotic methotrexate administration. Day 1 β-HCG was 4200 IU/L, day 10 489 IU/L. Gradual decrease of β-HCG levels was coinciding with ultrasonographic finding of absence of gestational sac. During hospitalization, patient reported only minimal vaginal spotting on day 3 of treatment and discharged on day 10 with weekly β-HCG followup. CEP was managed conservatively without surgical intervention, preserving patient’s fertility. Timely detection of CEP and prompt action can save patients fertility with minimal or no surgical intervention.
Uterine inversion during caesarean section: a case report
Authors: Raj Anjaly , Roy Kallol Kumar , Zangmo Rinchen , Yadav Anshu , Noor Nilofar , Saha Sushmita , Bairwa Sonam
Published: October 2020

The present report aim to sensitise the obstetrician regarding risk of uterine inversion in a scarred uterus and the importance of immediate manual replacement. Represented case is of 40 years gravida five with previous one spontaneous abortion and previous history of three ectopic pregnancies with history of open left salpingectomy for ruptured left tubal ectopic pregnancy and history of laparoscopic right tubal clipping and uterine rupture repair for cornual pregnancy underwent an emergency caesarean section at 34 weeks. Since there were no signs of placental separation, controlled cord traction of placenta was attempted and uterine inversion was noticed. Manual replacement of uterus was done followed by manual removal of the adherent placenta. There was no postpartum haemorrhage. Inversion of uterus during caesarean section is a rare obstetric complication. If unrecognized it could lead to serious morbidity due to haemorrhage and shock. Prompt diagnosis and repositioning of the uterus are important measures in management.
Tubal choriocarcinoma: a rare entity
Authors: Sah Shanti , Kaira Vaanika
Published: October 2020

Choriocarcinoma is common after molar pregnancy and follows in almost 50% of such pregnancies, but in some rare cases it follows even after an ectopic pregnancy. Tubal choricarcinoma associated with an ectopic pregnancy has an aggressive course but it is curable.
A rare case of acute non-puerperal uterine inversion due to large leiomyoma in COVID pandemic: challenges in clinical diagnosis and management
Authors: Murde Snehal G. , Raut Rohini R. , Kumari Beena , Hojai Dinesh C.
Published: October 2020

Non puerperal uterine inversion is a very rare clinical scenario with very few gynaecologist actually managing it in their lifetime. Acute variety of non-puerperal inversion is even rarer and thus possess diagnostic and management challenges. Case study of a rare case of a 45 years old female who was admitted for an elective surgery and had sudden acute inversion of uterus which was clinically diagnosed. Patient was managed by debulking of tumour which turned out to be large leiomyoma, followed by total abdominal hysterectomy. Rarity of the disease, atypical symptoms and less clinical exposure to such cases pose diagnostic as well as surgical challenges as in our case.
Gravid uterus in a neglected incisional hernia: a rare case report
Authors: Raut Rohini R. , Bhattacharya Rangan , Murde Snehal G.
Published: October 2020

Incidence of incisional hernia in pregnancy is rare and is mainly managed conservatively. An ideal technique for repairing incisional hernia in pregnant patients has yet to be established, but it is clear that each case must be dealt with on an individual basis. It is essential for surgeons to consider the length of the surgery, the presence of contamination, the age of the fetus, the size of the defect, and the chances of recurrence before selecting which technique to employ when repairing abdominal wall hernia in pregnancy. We report a case of term pregnancy in a third gravida, aged 30 years with previous two vaginal deliveries with incisional hernia with overlying hyperpigmented lax skin patch. Incisional hernia developed as a complication because of the previous surgical history of open appendectomy 10 years back which was complicated in the post-operative period, 22 days later leading to an emergency laparotomy in view of intestinal obstruction. Caesarean section was done with simultaneous repair of the incisional hernia with nonabsorbable sutures. The post-operative recovery was uneventful.
Interrelationship between Gut microbiota and Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Shivananjappa Mahesh , R Manasa , M Prakruthi , Naik R Shekhara
Published: October 2020

Neurological outcomes like learning, memory and cognition are influenced by the gut microbiota (GM). These commensal GM modulates behavior and brain development and has implications in many neurological disorders like Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease (PD), anxiety, stress, multiple sclerosis, etc. PD is a neurodegenerative disease which causes dysbiosis, α-synucleinopathy and affects the gut-brain axis which includes CNS (Central nervous system), ANS (Autonomic nervous system) and ENS (Enteric nervous system). There is a bidirectional communication between the brain and the gut called “gut microbiota-brain axis (GMBA)” and its dysfunction causes numerous diseases. This review focuses on the inter-relationship between the gut microbiome and the Parkinson’s disease.
A clinical case study and medical nutritional therapy in pediatric meningioencephalitis
Authors: Raj Edwina , P Ravi Kumar C , J Arunadevi , Renee Joseph Rebecca , Ginigeri Chetan
Published: October 2020

Meningoencephalitis is an inflammation of the brain and its surrounding protective membranes. Meningitis is a life-threatening disease and can lead to signiﬁcant sequelae. We were presented with a 6 year 5 months old female child on ventilation, retrieved by referral hospital on examination revealed human herpesvirus 6 through cerebrospinal fluid analysis and diagnosed with meningoencephalitis on Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI) with three repeated failed extubation and hence planned tracheostomy. Child presented no movements with suspected motor or sensory (vision, hearing) disability, generalized tonic-clonic seizure (GTCS), altered sensorium requiring a long term rehabilitation and nutrition support. On close monitoring, a continuous effort of three months and with a multidisciplinary clinical approach from different disciplines including neurologist, intensivist, clinical dietitian and physiotherapy, the child successfully completed the long term rehabilitation treatment with remarkable improvement observed within 12 weeks both neurologically and nutritionally with a better clinical outcome.
The Finite Volume Method an Alternative Method for LF Electromagnetic Problems
Authors: Benghalia Riad , Cheriet Ahmed , Amrani Ishaq
Published: October 2020

Currently, many simulation tools based on numerical methods are available for modelling of low frequency electromagnetic problems such as eddy current related problems, electrical machines and electromagnetic actuators analysis. Commonly, it’s the finite element method (FEM) which is used; nevertheless, the exploit of other numerical approaches, such as the finite volume method (FVM) can be strongly promising. Accordingly, the main purpose of this paper is to present the FVM method as an alternative method for low frequency electromagnetic problems. Thus, 2D and 3D FVM computer codes are developed and examined through the analysis of two TEAM workshop problems and an experimental electromagnetic micro-actuator. These types of problems are habitually analyzed by the FEM method. By using the FVM method, the solution of the above listed problems includes eddy current, torque and magnetic force computation.
„Łaską… przez wiarę” – Lutra koncepcja usprawiedliwienia grzesznika. Perspektywa egzegetyczno-hermeneutyczna
Authors: Wojciechowska Kalina
Published: October 2020

W artykule przeanalizowano kwestię usprawiedliwienia przez wiarę z perspektywy Wspólnej Deklaracji (WD) oraz na bazie dwóch komentarzy Marcina Lutra: Wykładu Listu do Rzymian (1516) oraz Komentarza do Listu do Galatów (1535). Ponieważ komentarze pochodzą z różnych okresów twórczości Lutra, dobrze obrazują rozwój koncepcji usprawiedliwienia przez wiarę. Omówione zostały te aspekty usprawiedliwienia, które jako kluczowe wymienia Wspólna Deklaracja w punkcie 11: usprawiedliwienie jako odpuszczenie grzechów, wyzwolenie z mocy grzechu i śmierci, wyzwolenie od przekleństwa zakonu, jako społeczność z Bogiem i jako zjednoczenie z Chrystusem, Jego śmiercią i zmartwychwstaniem. Każdy z omawianych aspektów kończy się podsumowaniem ukazującym podobieństwa i różnice między Lutrowym ujęciem usprawiedliwienia a interpretacją nauki o usprawiedliwieniu w WD.
Occurrence of Distinct Carabid Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in Eastern Visayas, Philippines
Authors: Abayon Myra A. , Parilla Richard B. , Lassalle Bernard , Schnell Rainer
Published: October 2020

Surveys were conducted in six protected forests of Region VIII (Eastern Visayas) of the Philippines, namely Lake Danao, Mt. Nacolod, Kuapnit Balinsasayao, Asug Forest, City Forest, and Closed Canopy, from January to June of 2019. A total of 7,844 individuals belonging to 41 species, 25 genera, 13 tribes, and 2 subfamilies were recorded in the six selected forests of Leyte and Samar, Eastern Visayas, Philippines. Twenty-six species were recorded from Lake Danao, 32 species in Mt. Nacolod, 20 species in Kuapnit Balinsasayao Forest, 11 species in Asug Forest, 19 species in City Forest, and 26 species in Closed Canopy Forest. A total of 19 endemic species were recorded, of which 12 are endemic to the Philippines, 6 are endemic to Leyte, and 1 is endemic to Samar. The survey found new species and new records of carabid beetles in the region. The new records include Brachinus leytensis (Lassalle & Schnell), Trigonotoma goeltenbothi (Lassalle, Roux & Schnell), Pheropsophus uliweberi (Lassalle & Schnell) in Leyte, and Lesticus samarensis (Dubault, Lassalle & Roux) in Samar. The new species are Pheropsophus uliweberi (Lassalle & Schnell) and Pheropsophus sp. (Lassalle & Schnell), both found in Leyte. These findings demonstrate that the forests in Eastern Visayas can be considered as centers of carabid diversity. Appropriate protection and conservation strategies should be implemented.
Hereditary factors of bruxism
Authors: Najafi Shamsoulmolouk , Faraji Zahra , Roudgari Hassan
Published: October 2020

Background: Bruxism is a parafunctional disorder. The prevalence of this rhythmic activity of rodent muscles is reported to be about %8. This disease can compromise the life quality of a person’s general performance. The aim of this study is to gather information upon genetic factors, which contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease.
Method: All related articles published in 1966 onward from google scholar such as ISI, PubMed, Scopus and Ovid within the databases were searched using English keywords ‘Bruxism and Genetics’. 300 articles were found. 252 articles were removed due to content duplication and irrelevance. 
Findings: The review of selected articles finally showed that in addition to other factors such as psychological factors, local factors, systemic factors, etc., the genetic factors also play a significant role in pathogenesis of bruxism. Among the influential genes are rs6313 polymorphism from the 5HT2A gene and rs6313 polymorphism from the HTR2A gene.
Conclusion: Evidence suggests that genetic factors play an important role in the pathology and development of bruxism, however the main causing mechanism still largely remains unknown.
Asymptomatic complete heart block in labor: A case report of none response to atropine therapy
Authors: Mirreza Soha , Yousefi Moghaddam Manijeh , Mortazavi Forough
Published: October 2020

Introduction: A complete heart block is a cardiac electrical conduction disorder with a very rare occurrence in pregnancy, which may be asymptomatic. There are no specific guidelines for the management of asymptomatic complete heart block in labor, vaginal delivery, and cesarean with only a few reports of cesarean management of patients with complete heart block.
Case report: A 30-year-old woman, Gravida 4, abortion 3, gestational age of 41 weeks without any specific problems, was referred to our maternity hospital. The pulse rate and blood pressure were 68 and 60/110, respectively. Labor was induced with oxytocin and, after three hours, was discontinued due to late decelerations of fetal heart rate. Electrocardiography confirmed a maternal pulse rate of 42. Cardiac consultation led to the diagnosis of a complete heart block. Due to the frequent late decelerations of fetal heart rate and no response to atropine therapy, the patient was a candidate for a cesarean. Before cesarean, the pacemaker was installed. Cesarean was performed with general anesthesia, and the infant was delivered in good condition. In Postpartum, the pacemaker was removed (PR=55, BP=125/80), and the mother was discharged the next day. Due to the lack of specific guidelines, fetal indication for an emergency cesarean, mother poor obstetrics history, and none response to atropine therapy, we chose to incorporate pacemakers and remove it after cesarean safely.
Conclusion: Vital signs assessment during pregnancy and childbirth is recommended to detect cases of complete heart block and provide optimal care.
Breastfeeding self-efficacy in Asia and Pacific: Scoping review
Authors: Morado Gonzales Jr Artemio
Published: October 2020

Background & Aim: Breastfeeding self-efficacy refers to a mother’s perceived ability to breastfeed her new infant and is a salient variable in breastfeeding duration. This study aimed to review the current state of knowledge, including the predictors and interventions, and discuss relevant findings and gaps in the breastfeeding self-efficiency theory.
Methods & Materials: Scoping review of peer-reviewed articles between the years of 2009-2019. Using the keyword breastfeeding, self-efficacy, and breastfeeding confidence, an extensive search of the PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest databases was performed. A total of 1,200 publications were found, from which, after excluding duplication and non-related papers, only 34 publications were considered relevant to the subject and examined in-depth. This study utilized the data extraction form developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute.
Results: There were various predictors of breastfeeding self-efficacy, such as fetal attachment, social support, and positive prenatal experience. Studies have claimed that educational programs through educational sessions, information packages, and peer education have a positive effect on breastfeeding self-efficacy and the duration of exclusive breastfeeding.
Conclusion: To facilitate successful breastfeeding, health care institutions could promote interventions regarding positive breastfeeding experiences. The data suggest that breastfeeding self-efficacy moves beyond our current understanding of motherhood. However, this evidence is limited to the study conducted in western and developed countries, and results are coming from studies with limited sample size. To provide an assessment and information on Asian mothers in developing countries, data are needed to describe their experiences and to examine factors associated with breastfeeding self-efficacy in this population
Humanitarian care: Facilitator of communication between the patients with cancer and nurses
Authors: Atashzadeh-Shoorideh Foroozan , Mohtashami Jamileh , Farhadzadeh Mohammadali , Sanaie Neda , Fathollah Zadeh Ensieh , Beykmirza Raziyeh , Abdoljabari Morteza
Published: October 2020

Background & Aim: Effective communication with the patients and engaging patients in decision-making and care planning are necessary to improve health outcomes and satisfaction with the treatment. Communicating effectively can help prevent and manage complications following the treatment of cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to describe and explain cancer patients’ communication facilitators' experiences between patients and nurses.
Methods & Materials: This is a qualitative conventional content analysis study. The study was conducted on 22 cancer patients who were selected based on a purposeful sampling approach. Semi-structured interviews were performed to collect the data. The data were then analyzed using conventional content analysis. Also, the Lincoln and Guba criteria were used to measure the trustworthiness of the data.
Results: The researchers have identified the main theme as “humanitarian care”. Besides, five categories of “good-naturedness”, “empathy”, “patience”, “confidentiality”, and “honesty” were also extracted from 18 subcategories.
Conclusion: Effective nurse-patient communication facilitates patients’ healing, enhances clinical outcomes and improves patients’ response to treatment. Hence, these ethical features need to be reinforced among nurses.
La comisión de crímenes contra la humanidad por empresas transnacionales y la ampliación de la competencia ratione personae de la Corte Penal Internacional
Authors: Arenal Lora Libia
Published: October 2020

¿Pueden las empresas transnacionales perpetrar crímenes contra la humanidad y ser investigadas y procesadas por ello en virtud de las normas e instituciones propias del Derecho internacional penal (DIP)? Este trabajo pretende ofrecer una respuesta a esta pregunta analizando las posibilidades y obstáculos jurídicos que pueden encontrarse en la aplicación del Estatuto de Roma de la Corte Penal Internacional (CPI). En primer lugar, se examina si las empresas transnacionales pueden ser entidades susceptibles de integrarse en el concepto “organización” del art. 7 del Estatuto de Roma de la CPI, convertirse en un actor detrás del elemento de la política en la comisión de los crímenes contra la humanidad y ser penalmente responsable por estos comportamientos en Derecho internacional. Para dar respuesta a esta cuestión se analiza la jurisprudencia reciente de la CPI. En segundo lugar, se aborda la posible extensión de la competencia ratione personae de la CPI a las personas jurídicas, en este caso a las empresas transnacionales, teniendo en consideración argumentos presentes en el Derecho internacional público, en el sistema de la CPI y en el Derecho penal.Recibido: 03 febrero 2020Aceptado: 21 septiembre 2020Publicación en línea: Artículos en Prensa 23 octubre 2020
La problemática (necesaria y siempre insuficiente) fundamentación de los derechos humanos
Authors: Velasco Demetrio
Published: October 2020

Los Derechos Humanos han sido por su intrínseca historicidad radicalmente problemáticos. Desde su creación, fueron expresión de un nuevo imaginario social de carácter revolucionario que rompió con la cosmovisión de la sociedad premoderna. Pero la misma historia ha evidenciado su insuficiencia teórica e incluso su perversión práctica, a la hora de alcanzar sus objetivos. “Toda sociedad en la cual la garantía de los derechos no esté asegurada ni la separación de poderes establecida no tiene Constitución” (Declaración de los Derechos del Hombre y del Ciudadano de 1789, art. 16). Hoy, vivimos una situación de fascismo social y de desigualdad tan inhumanos que se han convertido en una amenaza letal para la supervivencia de gran parte de la humanidad y también del ecosistema global que la posibilita. Es hora de crear un “nuevo orden ontológico revolucionario” desde el que garantizar la “verdad práctica”, la legitimidad política y la plausibilidad histórica del constitucionalismo del futuro. Debemos comenzar por eliminar el racismo institucional y el sadismo administrativo con los que rechazamos a los inmigrantes en las fronteras de nuestra civilizada Europa.Recibido: 03 febrero 2020Aceptado: 06 julio 2020Publicación en línea: Artículos en Prensa 23 octubre 2020
The phytochemical, proximate and mineral contents of cassava leaves and nutritive values of associated arthropod pests
Authors: SEBİOMO Adewole , BANJO Folake
Published: October 2020

Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is the most important staple food crops grown in Nigeria. This study determined the phytochemical, proximate and mineral contents of cassava leaves and nutritive value of associated arthropod pests. Phytochemicals, proximate, mineral and vitamin contents of samples were analyzed using the method of Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Results showed high amounts of crude protein, crude fat, moisture content, carbohydrate and mineral content in all arthropod insects examined. The highest quantity of Ca (1152.84±0.67 mg/100g) was obtained in ABF4 followed by ABF5 (1148.72±1.09 mg/kg). The lowest phenol content of 0.10±0.00 ppm was obtained in the cassava branch. The leaf recorded the highest phenol value of 0.74±0.01 ppm. Alkaloid had the highest value of 3.51±2.45ppm in Manihot esculenta branch. The highest crude protein and crude fat values of 3.41±0.13 % and 4.83±0.02 % were obtained in ABF5. Vitamin C was found in very high quantities compared to the other types of vitamins examined in this work. The highest Vitamin C content of 34.930±0.136 mg/100g was obtained. Cassava leaves and the arthropod pests are good sources of nutrients. Cassava leaves could also be used as an antimicrobial agent.
Research of properties of cement-soil piles of foundations of buildings and structures
Authors:   Moscow State Building University (NIU MGSU), Seregin N.G. , Zaprudnov V.I. ,   BMSTU (Mytishchi branch)
Published: October 2020

The review of soil types prevailing in Western Siberia of the Russian Federation is presented. The compositions and physical and mechanical properties of soils are analyzed. Special attention is paid to loess subsidence soils. The problem of obtaining a homogeneous cement-ground mixture is formulated and set. The technological scheme of production of cement-ground piles of foundations of buildings and structures by drilling-mixing method with mechanical activation is considered. Considers methods of strengthening the loess subsidence of soils. Methods for studying the properties of cement-based piles of foundations of buildings and structures are formulated. A multi-factor experiment was conducted to evaluate the parameters that affect the properties of cement-based piles. Based on the research results, conclusions and recommendations are formulated.
Using of type-ii fuzzy sets and Z-numbers for expert group information formalization
Authors:   BMSTU (Mytishchi branch), Poleshchuk O.M.
Published: October 2020

Two models of formalizing group expert information based on fuzzy sets of the second type and Z-numbers have been developed. The construction of fuzzy sets of the second type and components of Z-numbers is carried out using full orthogonal semantic spaces. The construction of semantic spaces is carried out using statistical information or information obtained as a result of a direct survey of experts. The input information for the model based on fuzzy sets of the second type are linguistic estimates of objects. The input information for the model based on Z-numbers are linguistic estimates of objects and the reliability of these estimates. The developed models expand the possibilities of processing expert information, allow preserving the individual characteristics of expert criteria embedded in the data, and at the same time correctly process different types of uncertainty inherent in this data.
DAMPAK PROFITABILITAS, LIKUIDITAS DAN PENGUNGKAPAN ISLAMIC SOCIAL REPORTING TERHADAP RETURN SAHAM
Authors: Fatmawati Elsaputri Dyahayu , Prasetyoningrum Ari Kristin , Farida Dessy Noor
Published: October 2020

Mining companies are capital-intensive industries and have high risks and their business activities have more physical and social environmental impacts compared to other business sectors. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of Return On Equity, Current Ratio, and Islamic Social Reporting disclosure to return stock. The samples used in this research are 13 mining companies listed in Indonesia Sharia Stock Index (ISSI) period 2014-2018 that are determined by purposive sampling. This research using the method of multiple linear regression analysis and hypothesis testing using program Eviews 9. The result of this research shows that in partial, Return On Equity and Current Ratio does not have a significant effects to return stock. While Islamic Social Reporting has significant effect to return Stock.
Utopía, de la mano con la ciencia, biotecnología e innovación: un camino recorrido hacia la investigación con pertinencia y transferibilidad
Authors: Fernández Lizarazo John Cristhian , Rodríguez Robayo Dolly Esperanza , Rubio Jesús
Published: October 2020

El proceso de formación del programa de Ingeniería Agronómica de la Universidad de La Salle cuenta con líneas productivas, como la de vivero, que les permiten a los estudiantes recrear situaciones reales del campo colombiano. Allí se genera todo un sistema de producción de plantas de plátano in vitro, desarrolladas en el laboratorio de biotecnología de la universidad, con el fin de responder a problemas fitosanitarios como es el caso de Fusarium odoratissimum. Los estudiantes de último año realizan el proyecto productivo en su zona de origen y, en muchos casos, tienen preferencia a la sección del cultivo de plátano para este proceso, sin embargo, normalmente encuentran problemas con la obtención de semilla certificada. Por lo cual, la Universidad de La Salle generó un plan especial de micropropagación de material vegetal libre de agentes patógenos, garantizando que los estudiantes lleven material certificado a sus campos y no se generen propagaciones de plagas ni enfermedades. La relevancia de este proyecto radica en que en la Orinoquía colombiana no existe una iniciativa de tal magnitud, de igual manera, la afectación sanitaria del cultivo de plátano pone en riesgo la seguridad alimentaria de miles de familias que dependen de este cultivo
Efecto del escaldado y la remoción de semillas sobre las características de la pulpa de badea (Passiflora quadrangularis)
Authors: Alfonso Óscar Julián , Casanova Biany , Contreras Martha , Guerrero Olger Ricardo , Montaño Víctor , Rocha Samir , Severiche Deiver , Obregón Diana
Published: October 2020

La badea es una fruta exótica muy apetecida, que ha encontrado barreras para ampliar su comercialización en fresco debido a la fragilidad de su cáscara y alto contenido de agua, por lo que una alternativa a este inconveniente es la venta de la fruta procesada. En este estudio se evaluó el impacto de la remoción de la semilla y el escaldado sobre las características fisicoquímicas (acidez, pH, grados Brix) y microbiológicas (unidades formadoras de colonia) de la pulpa en congelamiento durante 12 días. Como resultado se encontró que el escaldado y la remoción de las semillas ayudan a mantener las características originales de la pulpa y reducen el riesgo de contaminación con microorganismos
Utopía al aire
Authors: Sáenz Torres Santiago , Bueno Buelvas Ricardo , Elizalde Prada Óscar Augusto
Published: October 2020

En su primera década de existencia, el proyecto Utopía de la Universidad de La Salle, junto a su programa bandera de Ingeniería Agronómica, incursionan en las ondas hertzianas con un programa radial sin precedentes, liderado por sus propios estudiantes. Esta novedosa presencia en los medios de comunicación pretende, en alianza con la emisora local Violeta Stereo, un acercamiento entre de la comunidad académica, los pequeños productores rurales del entorno próximo al municipio de Yopal (Casanare), y alcanzar una incidencia nacional a través de plataformas digitales. Así, surge un canal independiente en donde los actores de la realidad rural del departamento de Casanare comparten semanalmente sus preocupaciones y experiencias en el ámbito agropecuario de la región. El programa integra la trayectoria de los profesionales del agro, de los docentes-investigadores del campus y de los egresados del programa de Ingeniería Agronómica, quienes participan activamente en este nuevo dinamismo de extensión rural de la Universidad, a través de entrevistas que responden a cuestiones agrícolas, ganaderas y ambientales. Este escrito recoge la gestación y los primeros pasos de esta experiencia formativa e informativa en la que se vislumbra el brote de una fecunda siembra de diez años. Utopía al aire es una apuesta radial que responde a la convicción de que los jóvenes campesinos de la “Colombia profunda” tienen una palabra que comunicar a la sociedad y a la ruralidad