bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Matematický model pohonnej sústavy koľajového vozidla
Authors:   University of Žilina, Dižo Ján , Blatnický Miroslav , Ishchuk Vadym , Molnár Denis , Solčanský Sebastián
Published: October 2023

The presented research is aimed at the derivation of a mathematical model of diesel-mechanical drivetrain of a rail vehicle. It is derived by means of the Lagrange’s equations of the second kind. The derived mathematical model allows to understand the essential principle of the derivation of the mathematical model of the diesel-mechanical drivetrain of a rail vehicle, an application of the numerical mathematical methods for the solving the equations of motion and for evaluation of the wanted outputs quantities, such as waveforms of revolutions and torques of shafts and others.
Deep Convolutional Neural Network Algorithm for Prediction of the Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded Copper Joints from its Microstructures
Authors: MISHRA AKSHANSH , Suman Asmita
Published: October 2023

Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is a special type of Artificial Neural Network which takes input in the form of an image. Like Artificial Neural Network they consist of weights that are estimated during training, neurons (activation functions), and an objective (loss function). CNN is finding various applications in image recognition, semantic segmentation, object detection, and localization. The present work deals with the prediction of the welding efficiency of the Friction Stir Welded joints on the basis of microstructure images by carrying out training on 3000 microstructure images and further testing on 300 microstructure images. The obtained results showed an accuracy of 80 % on the validation dataset.
The unbalanced accessibility to social services and its consequential wrath to the populace: A look at the genesis of negative ethnicity in post independent kenya
Authors: Sandeouma
Published: October 2023

In most of the emerging democracies in the third world countries and more so, in Africa, competition for political power and distribution of resources has been won through the use of ethnic demographic statistics. This has resulted into negative ethnicity that has led to the outbreak of violence and conflicts in a number of African countries such as Rwanda, Nigeria, Burundi and Kenya. This has generally led to the loss of lives, with Rwanda's case reaching the genocide level; massive destruction of property and displacement of persons. Employment for instance is a process that is aimed at hiring and utilizing the expertise and workforce of the right people to accomplish different tasks. In Kenya, since the introduction of multiparty politics, every social sphere and issues have been viewed from an ethnic perspective; with heated electoral competition focusing on capturing the seat of presidency for beneficial purposes. This paper is thus aimed at providing an insight on the causal factors of negative ethnicity in the country by answering the following questions:(1) what are the precipitates of negative ethnicity in the country?; and (2) what are the probable remedies to these precipitates of negative ethnicity? The paper thus concludes that it is pivotal for historical injustices to be solved; independent institutions should be strengthened to help in enhancing good governance; strengthen devolution to enhance decentralization of power and resources to the people in their respective regions; and ensure that the spirit and dictates of the constitution are upheld to ensure that negative ethnicity is fully eliminated in the country.
The Correlation Between Light Intensity, Age, And Working Period With Eye Fatigue In Computer Users
Authors: Tanzila Raden Ayu , Arista Dinda
Published: October 2023

Background: In the 21st century, many jobs involve using computers, estimated at around 75%, and there are 90 million adults who use computers daily. The use of technology often results in harmful effects, mainly if it is not appropriately managed. Factors affecting eye fatigue are work equipment, work environment (light intensity), work design, work duration, individual characteristics (age), or refraction.Objective: This study aims to determine the correlation between light intensity, age, and work duration with eye fatigue complaints in computer users at PT Bank X Palembang.Methods: This research is analytically observational. The population was all computer users at PT Bank X Palembang. Sampling was conducted in 40 samples that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were obtained by questionnaires and measuring lux meters. Data were analyzed bivariate using the chi-square test.Results: showed that 24 respondents (60%) worked with poor light Intensity and 27 respondents (67.5%) complained of eye fatigue. Based on statistical tests, there was a significant correlation between light Intensity (p = 0.027), there was no significant correlation between age (p = 1.000) and years of services (p = 1.000), and complaints of eye fatigue in user's computers at PT Bank X Palembang.Conclusion: poor light intensity can cause eye fatigue in computer users.
Mature Teratoma of The Lung : A Case Report
Authors: Wiratama Priangga Adi , Rahniayu Alphania , Ramadhani Vira Yasmina
Published: October 2023

Background:  Mature teratoma is a germinal cell tumor that is commonly found in ovaries and testis. Mature teratoma in the lung region is a rare case. According to the literature there are only 67 cases worldwide starting from 1939 to 2007. There were one cases in Dr. Soetomo general hospital during January 2013 – December 2017.Objective: Mature teratoma in the lung region is a rare case. Presenting in a case report would be beneficial for pathology databaseCase Presentation: A 19 years old man came to hospital with shortness of breath within 3 months ago. It was followed with hemoptysis, trichoptysis and coughing out tooth. CT Scan examination showed an irregular walled cavity with semisolid component and calcification along with a description of "air cresent sign". In thoracotomy tumor excision obtained multilobulated mass size 8.5x6,8x5,6 cm, yellowish-gray white color, and firm consistency. There were also hair and tooth components. The microscopic representation shows pieces of lung tissue with tumor growth coated with squamous epithel with a stroma containing adnexal skin glands, fatty tissue, cartilage tissue, and serous glands (asinar). Discussion: Mature teratoma of the lung is one of the rare tumors, with symptoms of chest pain, hemoptysis, and trichoptysis. Mature teratoma of the lung is generally cystic and multiloculated, but can also be solid, encapsulated. On microscopic examination, shows a picture of various components of ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.Conclusion: Mature teratoma of the lung is a rare tumor. Diagnosis was based from clinical findings, radiologic examination, and confirmed with histopathology and immunohistochemistry.
Herbal - Synthetic Drug Interactions
Authors: Kintoko Kintoko , Ananda Aghnia Nabila , Ridho Anisa Rifka , Makati Annisa Camellia , Yanti Asti Afrida , Wahyuni Dina , Maghfirah Yolanda Sajjida , Isnaini Isnaini
Published: October 2023

Background:  Herbal medicine is currently one of the therapeutic options chosen by the community because it is considered relatively safer and has minimal side effects. Not only used as a single drug, but herbal ingredients can also be combined with synthetic drugs. However, using herbal and synthetic drugs simultaneously can cause a variety of interactions, including synergism, antagonism, and additive effects (potentiation).Objective: Therefore, it is crucial to do a literature study on the reaction of various herbal medicines to unwanted synthetic drugs to prevent the adverse effects that can be caused.Methods: The literature review is processed based on academic journals published on NCBI, PubMed, and online journal sources that discuss the interactions between herbal medicines and synthetic drugs from 1997 to 2022.Results: Herbal drug interactions can be avoided or managed by providing correct patient advice based on reliable information.Conclusion:The main basic principles of administering these medicines include the doctor's full awareness of the effects and interactions between herbal medicines and herbal medicines and herbal medicines with synthetic drugs.
Teratomas Mediastinal Recurrent with Massive Pericardial Effusion
Authors: Lestari Lilik , Sultansyah Muhammad Harris Sis
Published: October 2023

Background:  Mediastinal teratoma is a medical rare disease that refers to the presence of a regrowing teratoma tumor in the mediastinum. At the pulmonary hospital dr. Ario Wirawan Salatiga, only one case was found, where the patient had previously been operated on at another hospital.Objective: The purpose of this paper was to contribute to the radiology literature by presenting a case of recurrent teratoma.Case Presentation: A 19-year-old male patient complained of persistent shortness of breath. The patient previously underwent teratoma surgery. The patient underwent chest X-rays, CT scans, abdominal and cardiac ultrasounds (USG), and as well as biopsies. The results of the CT scan found a teratoma-type mediastinal tumor accompanied by a large amount of pericardial effusion. A hyperechoic lesion with well-defined borders, round-oval, lobulated, and very large in size. Location in the mediastinum that is urgent and involves the left ventricle, right ventricle, left atrium, and right atrium. There is also an aortic compression lesion accompanied by calcification (+). Examination by ultrasonography (USG) of the heart found many pericardial but not found pressing. Heart valve function in patients did not show any abnormalities.Conclusion: Recurrent teratomas with large-volume pericardial effusions are rare. In this case study, a teratoma is located in the mediastinum. In this case, axial, coronal, and sagittal slices of a contrast thoracic CT scan can be used to establish the diagnosis. The results of heart USG found a pericardial effusion, the heart chambers do not collapse in this case of recurrent teratomas, indicating a mature teratoma type.
Formative Research Developing Applications with Augmented Reality: A Case Study of Attitude Assessment in University Students
Authors: Morales-Romero Guillermo , Quispe-Andía Adrián , Trinidad-Loli Nicéforo , Durán-Herrera Víctor , Nieves-Barreto Constantino , Suarez-Bazalar Raul , Huarcaya-Godoy Madison , Cruz-Telada Yreneo , Caller-Luna Juan , Chamorro-Atalaya Omar
Published: October 2023

Student attitudes towards formative research at a university can provide valuable information for understanding and addressing the barriers and challenges students face in this field. Even more so, with the advancement of artificial intelligence it is relevant to include augmented reality applications in formative research processes. In this sense, this case study aims to identify the level of attitude towards formative research developing applications with augmented reality. The research makes use of the quantitative approach of descriptive level and non-experimental design. A questionnaire with 28 statements was used, with categories to be evaluated through the Likert scale being skills, obstacles, positive assessment and negative assessment towards the investigation. It was identified that organising, writing, making decisions and working in a team are skills that students consider relevant to conduct formative research. While the obstacles indicated as relevant are the lack of time, lack of knowledge and the economic aspect. Finally, most students present a low or regular attitude towards research. Therefore, it is concluded that there is an urgent need to implement institutional policies that lead to a greater strengthening of formative research activities, even more so when these activities are aimed at applying emerging technologies such as augmented reality. This case study makes it possible to close a gap on what type of specific support students need and on what skills should be reinforced in a particular way so that they can move towards the development and growth of scientific production in the university environment.
Development of MSME potential through branding and digital marketing
Authors: Atmojo Muhammad Eko , Mahendra Gerry Katon , Perdana Vicky Alfitra
Published: October 2023

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact, particularly on the economic sector, including Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). These businesses have a very important role in the economy, especially in the Hargorejo Village area. A strong branding strategy with a focus on quality is essential to increase product reach and competitiveness. This community service aims to improve the community's economy and support the community by actively providing assistance to MSMEs in Hargorejo Village, Kokap District, Kulonprogo Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region. The methods used in this community service include outreach, training, and evaluation for MSME participants. The training curriculum covers topics such as the use of technology in MSME products, branding, packaging, and the use of online markets. After completing the training, MSME participants gain a deeper understanding of the importance of using technology in marketing their products. In addition, real improvements can be seen in the branding and packaging of MSME products. This positive transformation can be seen from the post-training assessment which shows that 64% of MSME participants now understand the importance of integrating IT, branding, packaging, and effective online markets into their business strategy. It is hoped that this increased awareness can provide significant benefits for MSME players, especially by strengthening product marketing efforts and improving the overall welfare of MSME stakeholders.
Optimization of farmer groups and educational tourism of Bamboe Wanadesa
Authors: Septyanto Arif Wicaksono , Alif Muhammad Ikhsan
Published: October 2023

The implementation of community service activities exemplifies the essence of the Tri Dharma of Higher Education. This initiative is based at Wisata Bamboe Wanadesa on Jl. Giri Rejo KM 15, Karang Joang Village, North Balikpapan District, Balikpapan City, leveraging its bamboo forest resources for tourism. However, a deficiency in human resources is apparent in managing social media, graphic design, branding, and promotion for this attraction. The absence of knowledge among residents and tourists about the bamboo varieties also persists. To address these gaps, we conducted community service through diverse approaches. Workshops were conducted to train content creators using CapCut and Canva applications, enhancing social media visibility. Google Site was employed to bolster tourism branding, serving as an information hub. Furthermore, information boards strategically placed within Bamboe Wanadesa Tourism, interconnected with Google Site, were introduced. The outcomes encompass collaborative Instagram content, the Bamboe Wanadesa website, and informative plant labels, significantly contributing to improved engagement and knowledge dissemination.
Optimizing technology-based business strategies for empowering community partnerships and improving the welfare of women farmers
Authors: Putri Dwi Andini , Kristiyanti Dinar Ajeng , Marginingsih Ratnawaty
Published: October 2023

In this era of technological advances, the rapid, accurate, and precise dissemination of information is crucial, especially for rural communities seeking to enhance their living standards. Farmer Women's Community (KWT) Al Mina Ciawi Village, established by a women's group in Ciawi Village, operates as a food and animal security program. Activities at KWT Al Mina Ciawi Village involve cultivating various hydroponic vegetables and catfish farming in buckets. However, a significant challenge lies in product sales during harvest, with agricultural and livestock products primarily marketed through WhatsApp and Instagram or waiting for direct buyers to visit the location. The primary aim of this community empowerment initiative is to optimize information technology for the betterment of KWT Al Mina and Ciawi Village. The program supports partners by offering e-commerce training to expand the marketing of KWT Al Mina products within the village. The chosen approach for e-commerce development is the Rapid Application Development (RAD) method, which includes website design planning, initial assessment, outreach, training, mentoring, and evaluation. The evaluation results affirm the program's success. KWT Al Mina members in Ciawi Village experiencing a remarkable 94% skill improvement in accessing technology, as indicated by pre-test and post-test assessments.
Ghost hunt: Elliot O’Donnell’s non-fiction
Authors: Lipinskaya A. A.
Published: October 2023

The article deals with the author’s strategies, used by E. O’Donnell in his Twenty Years’ Experience as a Ghost Hunter, and compares this peculiar text with ghost stories – a genre of fiction very popular those days. O’Donnell’s book is a part of a long tradition of occult ‘non-fiction’, but it is positioned as the author’s memoirs, a true story of his own life (his other books are basically collections of ‘real’ ghostly appearances in various regions of England), and begins with his (or his alter ego’s) youth and his first traumatic encounter with a ghost that influenced his career choice, but then this traditional life story turns into a set of cases, not necessarily witnessed by the narrator himself. Some stories are structured exactly like fictional ghost stories but their perception is preconditioned by the ‘rules of reading’ established by the author (the book is supposed to be his memoirs) and by the character of information – what the narrator knows about ghosts from various sources. Thus, the text is very uneven – its aesthetic characteristics are regarded as secondary in comparison with the ‘facts’ retold.
“Foreigners in a foreign land”: a historical context of “Strangers” from E. Chirikov’s “Essays on provincial life”
Authors: Perepelkin M. A. , Pelevina O. V.
Published: October 2023

Written at the turn of the 19th– 20th centuries, Evgeny Chirikov’s novel “Strangers”, reflecting the realities of provincial life, received an impressive number of critical reviews from the author’s contemporaries. However, decades later, critics took a different look at the work of E. Chirikov. The article examines the historical context of the novel created by the writer, searches for real prototypes of the characters depicted by the author, authentic events that served as a source of inspiration for Chirikov; as a result, the position of the writer’s contemporary critics is questioned. We have established that several episodes of the Samara “newspaper battles” of the 1880s – 1890s were taken as the basis for the plot development in the story “Strangers” by E. Chirikov, the main episode was the short “Marxist” period of “The Samara Vestnik”. We suggest that, while depicting Samara and Samara Messenger on the pages of the story, the author of “Strangers” did not copy the reality, recreating it in the way required by the laws of creating an artistic image. Finally, we prove that when creating the images of individual characters in “Strangers”, the writer acted in at least three different ways: “copying” the characters from real prototypes, “splitting” the prototypes into different characters, and finally, combining several real figures into one character.
Features of designing and conducting an online course in business English for adult learners
Authors: Bakhtiozina M. G. , Adasova A. E.
Published: October 2023

Foreign language communication skills are crucial for today’s business professionals, as they provide opportunities for advancing their career and conducting efficient communication with partners world-wide. The present article and the underlying research explore the implementation of andragogical principles in an online course for Business English. One of the most important principles entails providing conditions for comfortable learning, including, above all, the format of interaction, which ultimately affects its efficiency and organization. The relevance of distance learning is confirmed by current national laws, as well as by social studies that indicate a demand for online classes in Russia. The use of digital technology for the development of adult learners’ foreign language communication allows them to be educated in a setting that simulates their working environment. This would suggest that when organizing adult education, it is recommended to rely on the learners’ professional experience, offer practice-oriented tasks, encourage autonomy and offer authentic, problem-oriented materials in order to facilitate interaction and set off discussions. With all the advantages of the distance learning format, adult learners may, however, encounter difficulties which are to be taken into account. This article presents an online course for Business English, taking into consideration the identified principles of andragogy, specific properties of workplace interaction and particular features of the distance learning format. The research findings may be of practical value for designing and organizing a course in Business English with its methodology based on adult learning theory principles.
Foreign readers’ learning strategies for studying Ivan Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” and Ivan Bunin’s poem “The Hollow Water is Raging …”
Authors: Marantsman E. К.
Published: October 2023

The article deals with innovative methods of working with text in the process of studying Russian literature by international students. We present an integrative structure of working with text in Russian as a foreign language, which includes not only a special type of its analysis, but also the use of extra-text components. The article describes the technology of conducting a primary analysis of the text of fiction using questions on all spheres of readers’ perception. Such an innovative method of teaching the Russian language and culture to international students makes it possible to pay special attention to the methodological invariant of the implementation of literary works in various types of art as a linguodidactic technology focused on the cultural paradigm. The article shows the sequence of work with metaphor as the image-symbol of the whole literary work. It is this technique that allows you to find in the text an object that reflects the main concepts of the work. Thus, a multifaceted understanding of the complex works of Russian classical literature, necessary for a good literary education of international students, is carried  out. We pay close attention to working with texts of large formats with a multi-vector distribution of meanings. We thoroughly describe the technology of working with poetic texts of classical Russian literature, which are both difficult to perceive and necessary to understand the peculiarities of Russian literature and the Russian soul.
Nonstandard dialect pronunciation as an object of sociophonetic research (based on German)
Authors: Rudyakov L. A.
Published: October 2023

The issue of studying the linguistic variation, caused by the stratification of society into different strata and groups, has not been solved so far, remaining one of the key issues in modern linguistics. This article deals with the concept “nonstandard dialect” in the framework of sociolinguistic research into the German-speaking tradition, which belongs to the field of studies of linguistic variability of the German language native speakers. Nonstandard dialects may differ from other forms of language existence, as well as from the literary language at all linguistic levels: phonological, grammatical, syntactical, lexical and idiomatic. We examine various forms of the vernacular existence, including urban vernaculars. The focus is on the consideration of the features characterizing language variations at phonological and phonetic levels. This is caused by the necessity of determining sources and patterns of linguistic variations at the phonetic level, one of which, in our opinion, may be the nonstandard dialect as one of the forms of language existence. The article touches upon such notions as: colloquial language, regional norms and regional peculiarities of pronunciation. The article presents some pronunciation peculiarities of Cologne inhabitants’ urban colloquial speech at the segmental level of the German language phonetic system.
Tatar appellatives in G. Yakhina’s novel “Zuleikha Opens Her Eyes”: polylinguality and transculturality
Authors: Salakhova A. R.
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the linguocultural meanings of nationally specific forms of vocatives used by G. Yakhina in her novel “Zuleikha Opens Her Eyes”. The research object is the corpus of language units, used in G. Yakhina’s novel “Zuleikha Opens Her Eyes”, which are selected by continuous sampling from the first part of the novel. To analyze the studied units (appellatives), we use the descriptive and comparative methods, the method of word-formation, component and contextual analyses, as well as the method of quantitative calculation. To reconstruct the world of the Tatar village, the Russian-speaking writer uses a variety of appellative words (exoticisms, diminutives, evaluative forms, etc.), which do not always adequately appeal to the content of the Tatar linguocultural discourse. In the present article, we examine appellatives, in the unity of their form and content, as units of a particular literary text in order to identify their semantic specificity, stylistic and linguocultural affiliation, while taking into account the context of their use. The transformation and substitution of linguistic units, associated with the national specificity  of the linguistic picture of the world, prevents adequate and accurate perception of Tatar linguistic culture when the author creates artistic images in her novel, or subsequently conveys the meaning in translation. Thus, the article shows how the words of a foreign culture are introduced into the text and what consequently happens to the meanings they convey.
Transformation of an autobiographical narrative in Russian gender-marked prose of the 1990s-2020s
Authors: Breeva T. N.
Published: October 2023

An autobiographical narrative has been an integral feature of women’s writing throughout the existence of women’s literature. At the present stage, within the framework of gender-marked prose, its functional field is expanding. The transformation of the autobiographical narrative in the works of the 1990s - 20s is due to the very process of the gender-marked literature formation. In this regard, we can talk about two main options for its functioning. On the one hand, the autobiographical narrative is presented as an expression of a certain femme agenda, starting from the ideology of sisterhood, which was significant for Russian fem literature of the 1990s and early 2000s, and ending with the ideas of intersectional feminism, which are relevant for the circle of authors of the late 2010s and early 2020s. On the other hand, the dynamics of the autobiographical narrative makes it possible to trace the process of the formation of a kind of “canon” in gender-marked prose, which allows not only differentiating it in relation to the literature of the grand canon, but also identifying its specificity in the context of all female prose.

In this regard, it is appropriate to talk about three variants of the autobiographical narrative transformation, coinciding with three fairly distinct periods in the formation of Russian gender-marked prose. At the first stage, the functioning of the autobiographical narrative marks the gender nature of the text, emphasizing not just the deliberate marginality and peripheralness of the narrative instance, but, mainly, its ability to convey a unique female experience. At the second stage, the autobiographical narrative participates in the formation of a gender-oriented reading model as the basis for the “crystallization” of the female narrative canon. At the third stage, the plot acting out of the narrative model takes place.
Use of E-Resources as an Effective Means of Organizing an Educational Quest in An Institution of Higher Education
Authors: Horokhova Tetiana , Zarudnia Olha
Published: October 2023

The article explores the possibilities of using e-resources for organizing an educational quest in higher education institutions. Presented different approaches to defining the essence of the concepts of «quest», «online quest», «web quest» (as a technique, means, method, approach, learning technology) in the scientific, pedagogical and methodological literature. The article defines online quest as a game-based pedagogical technology and reveals its role in the formation of students' key, professional, linguistic and communicative competencies, acquisition of skills of independent research and improvement of group interaction skills. The authors have identified and characterized the main stages of implementing an online quest, as well as revealed the principles of selecting educational resources and identified aspects of creating tasks. The structure of an online educational quest using digital tools is described. Main attention is paid to the group work of the participating teams on the Learningapps online platform and the Padlet online board, especially their potential during the interactive online quest «Language Marathon» at Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University is substantiated. Showed examples of linguistic, literary and creative tasks are presented, evaluation criteria are highlighted and the principles of interpretation of the results are formulated. The role of the online quest in the formation of students' cultural and linguistic personality is substantiated and the advantages of this approach are identified, in particular, increasing students' motivation and acquiring a number of general professional and linguistic competencies. The relevance and expediency of organizing an educational quest using electronic resources in higher education institutions are empirically confirmed.
Addressing statelessness in Kenya through a confluence of litigation, transitional justice, and community activism: reflecting on the cases of the Nubian, Makonde and Shona communities
Authors: Songa Andrew
Published: October 2023

This article outlines the challenge of statelessness in Kenya and proceeds to focus on two seminal cases filed by the Nubian community against the Kenyan state: one before the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights and the other at the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child. Attention then turns to Kenya’s transitionaljustice agenda and its interaction with the plight of stateless persons in Kenya. Through the experiences of the Nubian, Makonde and Shona communities, the article also explores the role of community-led activism infurthering the cause of ending statelessness in Kenya. It concludes with key lessons to be learned from utilising litigation, transitional justice and community-led activism as part of the struggle for the rights of stateless persons in Kenya. It relies on desk-review and research of the Nubian cases, Kenya’s truth commission report and other official inquires, civil society reports, the 2010 Constitution and related laws.
Resolution of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Protection of Sacred Natural Sites and Territories: a critical overview
Authors: Bakulumpagi Kevin
Published: October 2023

Sacred natural sites and territories are naturally occurring areas of land or water that are held to have spiritual significance by certain communities. They form part of a broader set of cultural values or traditionalways of life for given societies or communities. With the ever-mounting pressure for economic development, industrial activities, infrastructure development and demographic changes, sacred places are on the brink ofpermanent destruction. Yet these are focal points for cultural identity and diversity as well as strong biodiversity conservation. Africa as a region, through the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, adopted Resolution 372 of 2017 to preserve and protect Sacred Natural Sites and territories (SNST). The Resolution provides for protection to be achievedthrough entrenching customary governance systems into laws to protect SNST. This article analyses the resolution and how African countries can fit such customary governance systems into current legal regimes that are remnants of a colonial epoch. The article relies on case studies of how SNST have been recognised in certain African jurisdictions such as Benin andEthiopia. It also relies on case studies of countries such as Uganda and Kenya where the author participated in promulgation of laws to protect these sites.It is the author’s argument that the Resolution is a means of achieving African cultural renaissance by advocating for recognition of African cultural rights and the revival of culture-based conservation mechanisms
Reclaiming the delinquent child: a proposed framework for a customary lawbased child justice system in Africa using Zambia as a case study
Authors: Kapianga Kelly
Published: October 2023

One consequence of Africa’s colonial history appears to be the subjugation of African customs and rites in favour of western values in the legal systems of several African countries. An example of this subjugation is the ‘repugnancy clauses’ that still populate the statute books of several African nations. The effect of the ‘repugnancy clauses’ has been multiplied bytheir suppression of African customs relating to the rearing of children alleged or adjudged to have committed a crime. The article draws upon limited research conducted in 2020 and 2021 in five districts of Zambia on children in conflict with the law as part of a limited study conducted by the author in the preparation of Zambia’s juvenile justice strategy (2021-25).The study collected quantitative data on the rates of children prosecuted in Zambia’s courts for the years 2012-17 and 2019-2020 and determined the rates at which these cases were diverted to customary institutions. It also collected qualitative data in the form of interviews with seven adjudicators, five law enforcement officials and one Chief to make sense of the quantitative data. The research found that although dealing with alleged child delinquents under customary law is a requirement under Zambia’s Juveniles Act, neither law enforcement officials nor magistrates referred cases tocustomary institutions. This article seeks to propose a framework for a balanced incorporation of customary law and its institutions in Zambia’s juvenile justice system. Such framework, the article argues, comports not only with the spirit of the Charter for African Cultural Renaissance, but also the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, the UnitedNations Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the Committee on the Rights of the Child’s General Comment 24.
The role of NGOs in the domestic implementation of the African Union Transitional Justice Policy Framework: perspectives from Uganda
Authors: Kirabira Tonny Raymond
Published: October 2023

This article explores the role of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in the domestic implementation of the African Union Transitional Justice Policy (AUTJP). It uses Uganda as a prism through which to examine the implementation of two key constitutive elements of the AUTJP: criminal prosecutions and traditional justice. Besides reflections based on theauthor’s experience in Uganda, the analysis rests on an extensive study and review of literature and qualitative interviews. The article argues that NGOs have the potential to sequence the constitutive TJ elements of the AUTJP, where there are competing narratives of peace versus justice. While local NGOs are pivotal in fostering local ownership of TJ, the findings reveal thecritical role of NGO networks in the domestic implementation of TJ. The article concludes that there is a compelling case to be made for the continued involvement of NGOs in the domestic implementation of TJ
Monitoring second-order compliance in the African human rights system
Authors: Ayeni Victor O , Von Staden Andreas
Published: October 2023

This article examines the mechanisms and instruments employed by the three main regional African human rights bodies – the African Commission and African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights and the African Children’s Rights Committee – to monitor compliance with their decisions and judgments. Based on the assumption that second-order compliance monitoring contributes to greater effectiveness of human rights institutions and increased compliance with their pronouncements, we discuss the monitoring tools used by the institutions themselves as well as the roles of political monitoring and monitoring by civil society. Based on a stock-taking exercise we find that all three African human rights bodies still have much room for improving both the quantity and the quality of their monitoring instruments and processes. Acknowledging that the three bodies may to some extent be legally and politically constrained with respect to the use of some of these, and recognising that the AU’s political organs mostly abstain from exercising the second-order compliance monitoring functions assigned to them, the article argues that civil society plays a critical role in contributing to such monitoring, a role that should be expanded upon and researched further.
Poverty, policies, and politics: a rights-based approach to food insecurity in Africa
Authors: Abubakar Ibrahim Banaru
Published: October 2023

Food and nutrition insecurity remain serious African concerns, reflecting government failure to meet global and regional human rights obligations to assure food availability, accessibility, utilisation, stability, sustainability, and agency. According to recent data, more than one-third of people facing severe food insecurity around the world live in Africa. The numbers may continue to rise in the absence of deliberate and human rightscentred solutions. The second biennial review report of the African Union on the Malabo Declaration on Accelerated Agricultural Growth and Transformation for Shared Prosperity and Improved Livelihoods conceded that the continent is not on track to meet the targets set out in the Declaration to end food insecurity and improve nutrition. This article investigates and advocates for a human rights-based approach to food andnutrition security. It highlights the critical links between the six main elements of food security, namely, availability, access, utilisation, stability, agency, and sustainability, and the normative obligations of states on the right to food and its interdependence with other fundamental human rights. It critically analyses the available legal frameworks on addressing foodinsecurity and its challenges, and proposes a human rights-based approach.
Provisional measures in international human rights law: the practice of the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights
Authors: Teferra Zelalem Mogessie
Published: October 2023

Under exceptional circumstances, international (human rights) courts issue orders on provisional measures preventing a party or parties before them from taking some actions pending the final determination of a case. The main purpose of such orders is to avoid a situation where the final disposition of a matter is pre-emptively rendered fully or partly meaningless by the conduct of a party. Article 27 of the Protocol Establishing the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights also envisages the possibility where ‘in cases of extreme gravity and urgency’, the Court may adopt provisional measures to ‘avoid irreparable harm to persons’. The African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights (Court), relying on this provision, has thus far issued about 50 orders of provisional measures, all of which were against respondent states. This article interrogates the Court’s practice in this regard, with the view to fleshing out its jurisprudential inconsistencies and proposing recommendations to rectify the occasional misapplication of the procedure. Close scrutiny of the Court’s jurisprudence reveals not only glaring discrepancies in approach but also, at times, unnecessary recourse to these measures even when situations do not necessarily warrant their adoption. As evidenced by the backlash from some states, which have openly expressed their refusal to comply with the Court’s orders, the unwarranted use of provisional measures is likely to render the procedure ineffective and may also negatively affect the legitimacy of the Court in the eyes of its creators, the states. Therefore, the Court should fully and strictly adhere to the legal and factual conditions required to adopt provisional measures and always be alive to the intended purpose and nature of provisional measures. The Court particularly needs to adopt a balanced approach without being too liberal or too strict, as this would be overstepping its power or abdicating its responsibility to protect human rights.
What counts as a ‘reasonable period’? an analytical survey of the jurisprudence of the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights on reasonable time for filing applications
Authors: Nkhata Mwiza Jo
Published: October 2023

Applications filed before the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights (Court) must fulfil all the admissibility requirements listed in article 56 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (Charter). The requirements in article 56 are all replicated in Rule 50(2) of the Rules of Court (Rules). One of these requirements is that applications must be filed within a reasonable period from the time local remedies have been exhausted or from the date set by the Court. The Court’s jurisprudence confirms that it takes a case-by-case approach in assessing the admissibility of cases while paying attention to the individual facts of each case. Notably, the Court, similar to the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (Commission), has refused to set a fixed time limit that can universally be accepted as reasonable for purposes of article 56(6). This article conducts an analytical survey of the Court’s article 56(6) jurisprudence. The analysis reveals that while the Court has, at least conceptually, been clear about its general approach for applying article 56(6), its decisions demonstrate an ambivalence about the factors that are considered for determining the reasonableness of time as well as the baseline for computing time.
Les organisations non gouvernementales dans le système africain des droits de l’homme: essai de systématisation du rôle des ONG dans le contentieux régional des droits de l’homme en Afrique
Authors: Sognigbé-Sangbana Muriel
Published: October 2023

Les organisations non gouvernementales font partie des acteurs les plus remarquables du paysage africain des droits de l’homme. Elles étaient déjà présentes à la genèse du système où elles se sont illustrées par leur plaidoyer en faveur de l’adoption des textes fondateurs: la Charte africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples et ses protocoles. Leur présence estégalement notoire dans les différents mécanismes de mise en œuvre des droits garantis. Elles interviennent aussi bien dans les procédures dites administratives que dans les procédures quasi-juridictionnelles et juridictionnelles. Elles sont par ailleurs actives, tant dans les procédures contentieuses que consultatives. Cette prégnance des ONG dans le systèmeafricain des droits de l’homme soulève des questions. Sur leur contribution à la protection des droits de l’homme en Afrique. L’objet de cette étude est de mettre en lumière cette contribution des ONG en systématisant leur rôle dans le contentieux devant les trois organes de contrôle. Ce rôle est double. Il s’entend d’un droit de dénonciation des violations des droits de l’homme devant les organes de contrôle et d’un droit de participation aux procédures devant elles.
Dijitalleşmenin Denetim Ücretlerine Yansımalarının Araştırılması
Authors: HATUNOĞLU Zeynep , GÜNGÖR KARYAĞDI Nazan
Published: October 2023

Öz

Dijitalleşme ve bilgi teknolojisindeki gelişmeler işletmeleri ve işletmelerin iş yapma şeklini de etkilemiştir. Bu etki her alanda olduğu gibi denetim alanında da köklü değişim ve dönüşümlere yol açmıştır. Bu değişim ve dönüşüm ile yapay zekâ, bulut bilişim, blockchain teknolojisi gibi gelişmelerin denetim sürecine yansıtılması, kullanılan teknolojilerle ilgili personellerin eğitilmesi, işlemlerin mobil uygulamalarla entegre edilerek gerçekleştirilmesi vb. çalışmaların denetim ücretlerine etkisinin olup olmadığı merak konusu olmuştur. Bu nedenle çalışmada, dijitalleşmenin denetim ücretlerine yansımalarının ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Diyarbakır’da faaliyet gösteren denetçilerle görüşme tekniği yoluyla gerçekleştirilen çalışmada nitel veri analiz yöntemi kullanılmış olup elde edilen veriler betimsel desenle analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Denetçilerin bakış açılarının incelendiği çalışmada, yapay zekâ, bulut bilişim gibi uygulamaların ya da farklı yazılımların kullanılması, teknolojiye uyum sağlamak için personellerin eğitilmesi, siber saldırılara karşı yapılan çalışmaların denetim ücretlerini arttırıcı bir etkiye sahip olduğu sonucu ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmada mobil uygulamalarının denetim ücretlerine bir etkisinin olmadığı, hazırlanan denetim raporlarının dijital ortamlarda saklanmasının maliyeti /denetim ücretlerini etkilediği ve dijitalleşme sürecine uyum sağlamak için çeşitli girişimlerde bulunanların olduğu gibi herhangi bir girişimi olmayanların da var olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Denetim, Denetim Ücretleri, Dijitalleşme, Denetçi, Denetim Süreci

JEL Kodları: M40, M41, M42
EXPERIMENTAL PRACTICES BY PRINTMAKERS IN THE WORLD OF PRINTMAKING
Authors: Hajare Dr. Sachin Ramrao
Published: October 2023

Printmaking (Chhapa Kala) has evolved beyond paper-based prints and has encompassed a broader spectrum of artistic expressions. The world of printmaking witnesses the innovative experiments of numerous artists today, each contributing their unique endeavors. Printmakers are no longer confined by strict rules and are embracing a more versatile and expressive form of printmaking. Today's printmakers are taking a step forward and are diligently working in the realm of printmaking, progressing beyond the confines of traditional printmaking.  Printmakers are exploring different mediums with enthusiasm, uncovering new possibilities, and pushing the boundaries of what printmaking can achieve. The traditional distinctions between established, conventional, and unconventional printmaking are being blurred, allowing for a more dynamic and liberated interpretation of the art form.  In actuality, the term 'printmaking' itself is undergoing a redefinition, with new rules being formulated.
It appears that, in today's artistic landscape, there is a growing recognition of the need to reconsider established norms and rules in printmaking. Research in this context has been extensively conducted, analyzing the various aspects and techniques involved. This study delves into the realm of Chhapa Kala, exploring its widespread influence and its integration into the broader world of art."