bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Failure modes and mechanisms of layered h-BN under local energy injection
Authors: Liu Ping , Pei Qing-Xiang , Zhang Yong-Wei
Published: July 2022

Layered h-BN may serve as an important dielectric and thermal management material in the next-generation nanoelectronics, in which its interactions with electron beam play an important role in device performance and reliability. Previous studies report variations in the failure strength and mode. In this study, using molecular dynamics simulations, we study the effect of local heat injection due to the electron beam and h-BN interaction on the failure start time and failure mode. It is found that at the same heat injection rate, the failure start time decreases with the increase in the layer number. With the introduction of point defects in the heating zone, the failure always starts from the defect site, and the start time can be significantly shortened. For monolayer h-BN, failure always starts within the layer, and once failure starts, its propagation is through melting or vaporization of the h-BN atoms, and no swelling occurs. For multiple layers, once failure starts within the h-BN film, swelling occurs first. With continued heating, the large pressure induced by melting and vaporization can cause the burst of the layers above, leading to the formation of a pit. In the presence of multiple defects within the heating zone, these defects can interact, causing a further reduction in the failure start time. We also reveal the relation of beam power with layer-by-layer failure mode and swelling/pit formation mode. The present work not only reproduces many interesting experimental observations, but also reveal several interesting mechanisms responsible for the failure processes and modes. It is expected that the findings revealed here may provide useful references for the design and engineering of h-BN for device applications.
Effect of polyglycerol polyricinoleate on the inhibitory mechanism of sesamol during bulk oil oxidation
Authors: Keramat Malihe , Golmakani Mohammad-Taghi , Niakousari Mehrdad
Published: July 2022

In this study, effects of sesamol on improving the oxidative stability of sunflower oil and its oil-in-water emulsion was investigated. To investigate the kinetic parameters related to the initiation and propagation stages of oxidation, a sigmoidal-model was used. Sesamol exhibited higher antioxidant activity in sunflower oil-in-water emulsion than that of sunflower oil. In both sunflower oil and sunflower oil-in-water emulsion, the inhibitory effect of sesamol against lipid oxidation continued even after the induction period. To improve the efficiency of sesamol in sunflower oil, polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) was incorporated into the functional environment of the sesamol. Sesamol exhibited a synergistic effect with PGPR during both initiation (synergistic effect of 68.87%) and propagation (synergistic effect of 36.84%) stages. Comparison of the size of reverse micelles in samples containing PGPR with those without PGPR revealed that PGPR can enhance the efficiency of sesamol by increasing the acceptance capacity of lipid hydroperoxides in reveres micelles structures. This can result in enhancing the effective collisions between sesamol and lipid hydroperoxides in the presence of PGPR. The water produced as a major byproduct of oxidation played a key role on the antioxidant activity of sesamol alone or in combination with PGPR during oxidation process.
Comparison of NUCLEOCOUNTER, ANDROVISION with Leja chambers and the newly developed ANDROVISION eFlow for sperm concentration analysis in boars
Authors: Grossfeld Rudolf , Pable Julia , Jakop Ulrike , Simmet Christian , Schulze Martin
Published: July 2022

Exact analysis of sperm concentration in raw and diluted semen is of major importance in swine artificial insemination, as sperm concentration is one of the most important characteristics of an ejaculate determining the value of the ejaculate and the productive life of the boar. The study compares different methods for sperm concentration analysis in raw and diluted boar semen: NUCLEOCOUNTER SP-100, the ANDROVISION with Leja chambers and the new ANDROVISION eFlow system. The Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC) between NUCLEOCOUNTER and ANDROVISION eFlow was 0.955 for raw (n = 185 ejaculates) and 0.94 for diluted semen (n = 109 ejaculates). The CCC between NUCLEOCOUNTER and ANDROVISION with Leja chambers was 0.66. A Bland–Altman plot of split-sample measurements of sperm concentration with NUCLEOCOUNTER and ANDROVISION eFlow showed that 95.1% of all measurements lay within ± 1.96 standard deviation. The coefficients of variance were 1.6 ± 1.3%, 3.6 ± 3.6% and 7.3 ± 6.3% for NUCLEOCOUNTER, ANDROVISION eFlow and ANDROVISION with Leja chambers in diluted semen, respectively. NUCLEOCOUNTER and ANDROVISION eFlow are comparable tools to measure the concentration of raw and diluted boar semen. In comparison to ANDROVISION with Leja chambers, concentration analyses of diluted semen using NUCLEOCOUNTER or ANDROVISION eFlow show a higher repeatability within and a higher concordance between the methods.
Proteomic profiling of plasma exosomes from patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Zhu Shicong , Xing Cheng , Li Ruijuan , Cheng Zhao , Deng Mingyang , Luo Yunya , Li Heng , Zhang Guangsen , Sheng Yue , Peng Hongling , Wang Zhihua
Published: July 2022

We aimed to comprehensively investigate the proteomic profile and underlying biological function of exosomal proteins associated with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Exosomes were isolated from plasma samples collected from five patients with B-ALL and five healthy individuals, and their protein content was quantitatively analyzed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 342 differentially expressed proteins were identified in patients with B-ALL. The DEPs were mainly associated with protein metabolic processes and protein activity regulation and were significantly enriched in the Notch and autophagy pathways. Furthermore, we found that ADAM17 and ATG3 were upregulated in patients with B-ALL and enriched in the Notch and autophagy pathways, respectively. Further western blot analysis of exosomes collected from additional 18 patients with B-ALL and 10 healthy controls confirmed that both ADAM17 and ATG3 were overexpressed in exosomes derived from patients with B-ALL (p < 0.001). The areas under the curves of ADAM17 and ATG3 were 0.989 and 0.956, respectively, demonstrating their diagnostic potential. In conclusion, ADAM17 and ATG3 in plasma-derived exosomes may contribute to the progression of B-ALL by regulating the Notch and autophagy pathways. Hence, these proteins may represent valuable diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for B-ALL.
Redefining GBA gene structure unveils the ability of Cap-independent, IRES-dependent gene regulation
Authors: Miyoshi Keiko , Hagita Hiroko , Horiguchi Taigo , Tanimura Ayako , Noma Takafumi
Published: July 2022

Glucosylceramide is the primary molecule of glycosphingolipids, and its metabolic regulation is crucial for life. Defects in the catabolizing enzyme, glucocerebrosidase (GCase), cause a lysosomal storage disorder known as Gaucher disease. However, the genetic regulation of GCase has not been fully understood. Here we show the redefined structure of the GCase coding gene (GBA), and clarify the regulatory mechanisms of its transcription and translation. First, alternative uses of the two GBA gene promoters were identified in fibroblasts and HL60-derived macrophages. Intriguingly, both GBA transcripts and GCase activities were induced in macrophages but not in neutrophils. Second, we observed cap-independent translation occurs via unique internal ribosome entry site activities in first promoter-driven GBA transcripts. Third, the reciprocal expression was observed in GBA and miR22-3p versus GBAP1 transcripts before and after HL60-induced macrophage differentiation. Nevertheless, these findings clearly demonstrate novel cell-type-specific GBA gene expression regulatory mechanisms, providing new insights into GCase biology.
Rational design of highly efficient MXene-based catalysts for the water-gas-shift reaction
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Zheng Baobing , Tian Hao , He Yanling , Huang Xiang , Ali Sajjad , Xu Hu
Published: July 2022

We propose an associative pathway for the water-gas-shift reaction assisted by water to realize hydrogen production. A large family of oxygen-terminated MXenes deposited by Au clusters are proved to be promising catalysts for the WGS reaction.
Importance of two-dimensional cation clusters induced by protein folding in intrinsic intracellular membrane permeability
Authors: Negi Shigeru , Hamori Mami , Kawahara-Nakagawa Yuka , Imanishi Miki , Kurehara Miku , Kitada Chieri , Kawahito Yuri , Kishi Kanae , Manabe Takayuki , Kawamura Nobuyuki , Kitagishi Hiroaki , Mashimo Masato , Shibata Nobuhito , Sugiura Yukio
Published: July 2022

Two-dimensional cation clusters formed on the surface of proteins play an important role in their intracellular translocation.
Photoredox synthesis of 6- and 7-membered ring scaffolds via N-centered radicals
Authors: Boiledieu William , De Abreu Maxime , Cuyamendous Claire , Lamaa Diana , Belmont Philippe , Brachet Etienne
Published: July 2022

Nitrogen-centered radicals are an important way to build C–N bonds. Herein, the synthesis of 6- and 7-membered rings, which are really scarce in the literature, through visible light irradiation using a photoredox strategy was achieved.
Regioselective magnesiations of functionalized arenes and heteroarenes using TMP2Mg in hydrocarbons
Authors: Hess Andreas , Alandini Nurtalya , Guelen Hasret C. , Prohaska Jan P. , Knochel Paul
Published: July 2022

We report the preparation of a new hydrocarbon-soluble magnesium amide TMP2Mg and its excellent properties for the regioselective magnesiation of various arenes and heteroarenes bearing ethyl esters and carbamates under mild reaction conditions.
Understanding oxide ion transport in yttria stabilized zirconia: fresh insights from molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Madhual Sudeshna , Pramanik Krishnanjan , Kumar P. Padma
Published: July 2022

Extensive analysis of the various oxygen migration channels in yttria-stabilized zirconia, YxZr1−xO2−0.5x, provides fresh insights into the microscopic energetics and mechanism of ion transport in the system.
New challenges in oxygen reduction catalysis: a consortium retrospective to inform future research
Authors: Stevens Michaela Burke , Anand Megha , Kreider Melissa E. , Price Eliza K. , Zeledón José Zamara , Wang Liang , Peng Jiayu , Li Hao , Gregoire John M. , Hummelshøj Jens , Jaramillo Thomas F. , Jia Hongfei , Nørskov Jens K. , Roman-Leshkov Yuriy , Shao-Horn Yang , Storey Brian D. , Suram Santosh K. , Torrisi Steven B. , Montoya Joseph H.
Published: July 2022

In this perspective, we highlight results of a research consortium devoted to advancing understanding of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysis as a means to inform fuel cell science.
A novel study on the preferential attachment of chromophore and auxochrome groups in azo dye adsorption on different greenly synthesized magnetite nanoparticles: investigation of the influence of the mediating plant extract's acidity
Authors: Ahmouda Kaouthar , Boudiaf Moussa , Benhaoua Boubaker
Published: July 2022

The decrease in plant extract's acidity leads to the increase in Lewis acid site densities of greenly synthesized magnetite surfaces. The increase in Lewis acid site densities leads to the increase in azo dye adsorption yields.
Redox molecule Alizarin red S anchored on biomass-derived porous carbon for enhanced supercapacitive performance
Authors: Bao Yuanhai , Xu Hui , Chen Pengdong , Zhu Yuanqiang , Zuo Shasha , Kong Xiuqin , Chen Yong
Published: July 2022

Biomass-derived porous carbon as a conductive framework in which the redox molecule Alizarin red S is anchored by strong interactions.
Surface enhanced Raman scattering of adsorbates on Au–CsPbIBr2 perovskite-based nanocomposites: charge-transfer and electromagnetic enhancement
Authors: Pan Niu , Shi Ziqian , Wu Pengfei , Xi Hongyan , Gao Yukun , You Tingting , Yin Penggang
Published: July 2022

A simple composite SERS substrate Au–CsPbIBr2 was prepared and its synergistic mechanism and influencing factors were discussed.
Facile synthesis of multifunctional pharmaceutical carbon dots for targeted bioimaging and chemotherapy of tumors
Authors: Wan Jiafeng , Xu Shiqing , Li Jing , Yu Mengliu , Zhang Kai , Wei Gang , Su Zhiqiang
Published: July 2022

Multifunctional pharmaceutical carbon dots are designed and synthesized for targeted bioimaging and chemotherapy of tumors.
A fluorinated cross-linked polystyrene with good dielectric properties at high frequency derived from bio-based vanillin
Authors: Dai Menglu , Sun Jing , Fang Qiang
Published: July 2022

A facile method for the conversion of the bio-based vanillin into a high performance material showing good dielectric properties at a high frequency of 5 GHz, as well as exhibiting good hydrophobicity and thermostability, has been developed.
When ferrocene and diiron organometallics meet: triiron vinyliminium complexes exhibit strong cytotoxicity and cancer cell selectivity
Authors: Schoch Silvia , Braccini Simona , Biancalana Lorenzo , Pratesi Alessandro , Funaioli Tiziana , Zacchini Stefano , Pampaloni Guido , Chiellini Federica , Marchetti Fabio
Published: July 2022

Robust and versatile cationic triiron complexes, obtained from the assembly of ferrocenyl with a di-organoiron structure, display an outstanding cytotoxicity profile, which may be related to redox processes provided by the two metallic components.
Synchrotron radiation based X-ray techniques for analysis of cathodes in Li rechargeable batteries
Authors: Singh Jitendra Pal , Paidi Anil Kumar , Chae Keun Hwa , Lee Sangsul , Ahn Docheon
Published: July 2022

Synchrotron X-rays are able to depict the information of structural order, oxidation state, atomic structure, chemical phase mapping and pores within cathode materials of Li-rechargeable batteries.
Construction of a double heterojunction between graphite carbon nitride and anatase TiO2 with co-exposed (101) and (001) faces for enhanced photocatalytic degradation
Authors: Sun Jingjing , Deng Lang , Sun Jing , Shen Tingting , Wang Xikui , Zhao Rusong , Zhang Yiyao , Wang Baolin
Published: July 2022

A double-heterojunction-structure photocatalyst g-C3N4/(101)-(001)-TiO2 with Z-system and surface heterojunction, was synthesized, which can effectively promote the separation of photogenerated e−–h+ pairs and the degradation of organic pollutants.
High electrochemical performance of ink solution based on manganese cobalt sulfide/reduced graphene oxide nano-composites for supercapacitor electrode materials
Authors: Thanh Tam Le Thi , Tung Doan Thanh , Nguyet Ha Minh , Ngoc Linh Nguyen Thi , Dung Ngo Thanh , Van Quynh Nguyen , Van Dang Nguyen , Vernardou Dimitra , Le Top Khac , Tuan Le Anh , Minh Phan Ngoc , Lu Le Trong
Published: July 2022

Large scale supercapacitor electrodes were prepared by 3D-printing directly on a graphite paper substrate from ink solution containing manganese cobalt sulfide/reduced graphene oxide (MCS/rGO) nanocomposites.
N-doped pinecone-based carbon with a hierarchical porous pie-like structure: a long-cycle-life anode material for potassium-ion batteries
Authors: Lu Jian-Fang , Li Ke-Chun , Lv Xiao-Yan , Lei Fu-Hou , Mi Yan , Wen Yan-Xuan
Published: July 2022

Pinecone-based biomass carbon (PC) is a potential anode material for potassium-ion batteries because it is abundant, cheap, renewable, and easy to obtain.
Tailor-designed nanowire-structured iron and nickel oxides on platinum catalyst for formic acid electro-oxidation
Authors: Al-Qodami Bilquis Ali , Alalawy Hafsa H. , Sayed Sayed Youssef , Al-Akraa Islam M. , Allam Nageh K. , Mohammad Ahmad M.
Published: July 2022

A FeOx/NiOx/Pt catalyst was recommended for formic acid electro-oxidation; the essential anodic reaction in direct formic acid fuel cells.
A practical guide to automating fluorine-18 PET radiochemistry using commercially available cassette-based platforms
Authors: Barnes Chris , Nair Manoj , Aboagye Eric O. , Archibald Stephen J. , Allott Louis
Published: July 2022

This Tutorial Account aims to be a useful educational resource which describes how to automate fluorine-18 positron emission tomography (PET) radiochemistry using cassette-based automated radiosynthesis platforms.
Heterogeneous electron transfer reorganization energy at the inner Helmholtz plane in a polybromide redox-active ionic liquid
Authors: Kim Moonjoo , Park Sangmee , Chung Taek Dong
Published: July 2022

Ultrafast transport of Br2 in a polybromide redox-active ionic liquid allows electron transfer-limited voltammograms of Br2 reduction. The reorganization energy at the inner-Helmholtz plane can be determined based on the Marcus–Hush–Chidsey model.
A heteronuclear bimetallic organic molecule enabling targeted synthesis of an efficient Pt1Fe1 intermetallic compound for oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Lai Dechao , Cheng Qingqing , Zheng Yu , Zhao Hao , Chen Yubin , Hu Weibo , Zou Zhiqing , Wen Ke , Zou Liangliang , Yang Hui
Published: July 2022

A controllable pyrolysis of a Pt–Fe heteronuclear bimetallic organic molecule was reported for the synthesis of highly ordered and small-sized Pt1Fe1-IMC/C catalysts.
Approaching a stable oxygen redox reaction in lithium-rich cathode materials: structural perspectives from mechanism to optimization
Authors: Yin Zijia , Zhu He , Huang Yalan , Luo Dong , Ren Yang , Lan Si , Liu Qi
Published: July 2022

We review the oxygen redox reaction in lithium-rich cathodes from structural perspectives. The structure–OR coupling, structural evolution, and efficient structural control strategies are introduced, followed by an outlook on future rational design.
The continuous fabrication of a high-performance triboelectric nanogenerator by a roll-to-roll process
Authors: Liu Yuebo , Zhang Chuguo , Zhang Baofeng , Yuan Wei , Yang Ou , Hu Yuexiao , Zhou Linglin , Zhao Zhihao , Xiao Junfeng , Wang Zhong Lin , Wang Jie
Published: July 2022

It illustrates the process of the continuous fabrication of a high-performance TENG by a UV-induced polymerization strategy.
Pt doping and strong metal–support interaction as a strategy for NiMo-based electrocatalysts to boost the hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline solution
Authors: Liu Jiao , Wang Zuochao , Wu Xueke , Zhang Dan , Zhang Yan , Xiong Juan , Wu Zexing , Lai Jianping , Wang Lei
Published: July 2022

An original strategy combining Pt doping with strong metal–support interaction was developed not only prevents the aggregation and dissolution of catalyst but also strongly adsorbed species can migrate quickly.
Folic acid-functionalized l-cys/ZnS:O nanoparticles for homologous targeting and photodynamic therapy of tumor cells
Authors: Wang Xiaoxuan , Wei Wenying , Zheng Dian , Chen Zhong , Dai Honglian
Published: July 2022

In this work, FA@LZS NPs were successfully synthesized by a solid-phase method and a coupling method. It realized the theranostic of tumor cells in vitro.
A superlattice composite of Zn–Fe layered double hydroxide and graphene oxide for antitumor application
Authors: Qiu Jiajun , Xing Min , Zhang Ling , Zhang Haifeng , Liu Lu , Wang Donghui , Qian Wenhao , Liu Xuanyong
Published: July 2022

A superlattice composite of Zn–Fe layered double hydroxide and graphene oxide was fabricated on the titanium surface and it was found for the first time that this superlattice composite showed tumor inhibition effect in vitro and in vivo.
Tannic acid: a versatile polyphenol for design of biomedical hydrogels
Authors: Jafari Hafez , Ghaffari-Bohlouli Pejman , Niknezhad Seyyed Vahid , Abedi Ali , Izadifar Zohreh , Mohammadinejad Reza , Varma Rajender S. , Shavandi Amin
Published: July 2022

Tannic acid (TA), a natural polyphenol, is a hydrolysable amphiphilic tannin derivative of gallic with diverse potential for engineering biomedical hydrogels.
Magnetoelectric behaviour of 0–3 Co/BaTiO3 composites
Authors: Buttlar Toni , Ebbinghaus Stefan G.
Published: July 2022

Co/BaTiO3 composites show a complex field dependence of the magnetoelectric coefficient with at least two local extrema plus a hysteresis when magnetic field and polarization are oriented perpendicular to each other.
Ultra-stretchable ion gels based on physically cross-linked polymer networks
Authors: Tang Zhehao , Liu Dong , Lyu Xiaolin , Liu Yadi , Liu Yun , Yang Weilu , Shen Zhihao , Fan Xinghe
Published: July 2022

A high-performance ion gel, cross-linked by multiple non-covalent interactions, exhibits adjustable mechanical strength, excellent thermal stability, and high ionic conductivity. It is useful for motion sensors, gel electrolytes, etc.
Modulating the photoelectrocatalytic conversion of CO2 to methanol and/or H2O to hydrogen at a phosphorene modified Ti/TiO2 electrode
Authors: Sayao Fabiana Avolio , Ma Xiao , Zanoni Maria Valnice Boldrin , Lachgar Abdessadek
Published: July 2022

The effect of phosphorene as co-catalyst in Ti/TiO2 nanotubes electrodes on CO2 reduction to methanol, and water splitting was investigated.
In situgrowth of 2D ZnIn2S4nanosheets on sulfur-doped porous Ti3C2TxMXene 3D multi-functional architectures for photocatalytic H2evolution
Authors: Du Ming , Li Lutao , Ji Shilei , Wang Taomiao , Wang Yile , Zhang Jian , Li Xing’ao
Published: July 2022

Designing and fabricating photocatalytic systems with multi-functional synergistic mechanisms has become the research topic in photocatalysis.
Green synthesis of tungsten oxide (WO3) nanosheets and investigation of their photocatalytic and cytotoxicity effects
Authors: Ghazal Samaneh , Mirzaee Mahdi , Darroudi Majid
Published: July 2022

In the present work, the synthesis of tungsten oxide nanosheets (WO3‐NS) was performed through a sol–gel method with the usage of Na2WO4 as the tungsten source in a gelatin solution that functioned as a novel green stabilising agent. The synthesised WO3‐NS were characterised by the analysing methods of XRD, FESEM/EDX, FTIR, TGA/DTG, UV–vis, Raman, and VSM. The photocatalytic activity of the product is investigated through the exertion of methylene blue pigment, while the obtained results reported 95% of degradation in 187 min under the light of a mercury vapour lamp. The cytotoxicity effect of WO3‐NS on the human liver (Huh‐7) cell line was evaluated by the means of the MTT method, which displayed the inhibiting capabilities of these nanosheets regarding cancer cells.
The city management based on smart information system using digital technologies in China
Authors: Huang Yufang , Peng Hongtao , Sofi Massoud , Zhou Zhiyuan , Xing Tingyan , Ma Guoxing , Zhong Aocheng
Published: July 2022

Scientific planning, digital management of construction and intelligent service are needed for a smart city. This paper focusses on city management based on the smart information system and digital technologies in China. The establishment of the smart intercommunication system of landscape, water conservancy, environmental protection and other industries is basic for a smart city. This paper introduced a framework of digital technologies for the construction of a smart city, which made full use of the city information modelling based on the geographic information system, building information modelling, internet of things, and integrated digital system and service platform such as satellite remote sensing, global navigation satellite system, mobile applications, cloud computing, visualisation technology etc. The study of the case implemented show that the framework is applicable to the smart city with digital technologies that includes the data model and system, integrating the urban basic geographic data, and data of infrastructure and other public facilities related to traffic, urban construction, ‘One Map’ of land and resources etc. The governance is more effective through data acquisition, data transmission, data analysis and processing based on the data platform and system.
Power transformer oil–paper insulation degradation modelling and prediction method based on functional principal component analysis
Authors: Qu Yuehan , Zhao Hongshan , Zhao Shice , Ma Libo , Mi Zengqiang
Published: July 2022

This study is for the case where the available data of power transformer oil–paper insulation is limited to a small amount furfural data, to solve the problems in oil–paper insulation degradation modelling, such as few samples available, unknown function form of the degradation process, differences of individual transformers among degradation processes, and commonality of degradation trends. A power transformer oil–paper insulation degradation modelling and prediction method based on functional principal component analysis (FPCA) is proposed. First, discrete furfural data of oil–paper insulation degradation are converted into continuous functional data, and the common degradation information of transformers is extracted based on functional time warping technology. Second, the principal components of insulation degradation are extracted based on FPCA method, and the difference of degradation information of individual transformers is obtained by analysing the differential of principal component scores. Subsequently, power transformer oil–paper insulation degradation model is constructed, and finally, the degradation model is updated based on Bayesian theory and the oil–paper insulation degradation is predicted. The example results show that compared with traditional transformer oil–paper insulation degradation modelling method, the proposed method has obvious superiority in model accuracy.
Use of wireless sensor network system based on water level, rain, conductivity, oil and turbidity sensors to monitor the storm sewerage
Authors: Rocher Javier , Rego Albert , Lloret Jaime , Oliveira Luís M. L.
Published: July 2022

Storm sewerages are crucial infrastructures in water management. In this paper, a system was developed to detect the blockage of the sewerage and the presence of illegal spills in Storm sewerages. Different nodes with sensors measuring the water level, turbidity, conductivity, and oil presence are scattered in the sewerage. These nodes are connected to a master node for processing the information with a rain sensor. The rain and water level sensors are used to determine one of the four possibilities regarding the presence of water in the sewerage and whether it is raining. According to the combinations, it can be determined whether it is a normal situation or there are spills or blockages. It is shown that there are differences between sewerage with and without blockage via the water level. This can be used to determine the presence of a blockage. The identification of an illegal spill is performed with the use of conductivity, turbidity, and oil sensors. The authors determined that yellow and infrared light can determine the oil concentration in the oil sensor in a range of 0–2.2 mL oil/L water with yellow light and 0.4–20 mL oil/L water with infrared light. Finally, the conductivity sensor can determine water conductivity from 0.526 to 58.4 mS/cm.
The SVOM/ECLAIRs image trigger with wavelet-based background correction optimised with a one-year simulation of observations
Authors: Dagoneau N. , Schanne S.
Published: July 2022

Context.The Space-based multi-band astronomical Variable Objects Monitor (SVOM) mission under development will carry four instruments, and in particular the coded-mask telescope named ECLAIRs, with a large field of view of about 2 sr, operating in the 4–150 keV energy band. The trigger software on board ECLAIRs will search for high-energy transients such as gamma-ray bursts and peculiar behaviour (e.g. strong outbursts) from known X-ray sources, in order to repoint the satellite to perform follow-up observations with the onboard narrow field of view instruments.

Aims.The image trigger, one of the two algorithms implemented in the software on board ECLAIRs, produces images over periods of exposure ranging from 20 s to 20 min during which the Earth can cross the field of view. The Cosmic X-ray Background and contributions from known X-ray sources are expected to dominate the ECLAIRs astrophysical and instrumental background and must be taken into account and corrected prior to coded-mask image deconvolution in order to optimise the sensitivity to faint transients.

Methods.To correct these background components, we implemented and studied a traditional fitting method and a new method based on wavelet decomposition of the detector image. In order to study and to assess the performance of these methods, we performed a 1-yr simulation of the image trigger on board ECLAIRs. From the images produced during this realistic observation scenario of the SVOM mission, we also defined a way to analyse the sky images to search for new sources.

Results.We present the algorithms behind the image trigger on board SVOM/ECLAIRs. We show that the wavelet method we implemented provides similar results in terms of cleaning performance compared to the traditional fitting method, and has the benefit of not requiring any assumption on the shape of the background on the detector. We also calibrate the detection threshold to be adaptive and based on the quality of the reconstructed sky image.
Tidal excitation of auto-resonant oscillations in stars with close-by planets
Authors: Lanza A. F.
Published: July 2022

Context. Close-by planets can excite various kinds of oscillations in their host stars through their time-varying tidal potential.

Aims. Magnetostrophic oscillations with a frequency much smaller than the stellar rotation frequency have recently been proposed to account for the spin-orbit commensurability observed in several planet-hosting stars. In principle, they can be resonantly excited in an isolated slender magnetic flux tube by a Fourier component of the time-varying tidal potential with a very low frequency in the reference frame rotating with the host. However, due to the weakness of such high-order tidal components, a mechanism is required to lock the oscillations in phase with the forcing for long time intervals (103–107 yr) in order to allow the oscillation amplitude to grow.

Methods. We propose that the locking mechanism is an auto-resonance produced by the nonlinear dependence of the oscillation frequency on its amplitude. We suggest that the angular momentum loss rate is remarkably reduced in hosts entering auto-resonance and this contributes to maintaining those systems in that regime for a long time.

Results. We apply our model to a sample of ten systems that show spin-orbit commensurability and estimate the maximum drifts of the relevant tidal potential frequencies that allow them to enter the auto-resonant regime. Such drifts are compared with the drifts expected from the tidal evolution of the planetary orbits and the stellar angular momentum loss in the magnetized winds, and we find that auto-resonance is a viable mechanism in eight systems, at least in our idealized model.

Conclusions. The duration of the auto-resonant regime and the associated spin-orbit commensurability may be comparable with the main-sequence lifetimes of the host stars, indicating that gyrochronology may not be applicable to those hosts.
Mapping ‘out-of-the-box’ the properties of the baryons in massive halos
Authors: Angelinelli M. , Ettori S. , Dolag K. , Vazza F. , Ragagnin A.
Published: July 2022

We study the distributions of the baryons in massive halos (Mvir > 1013 h−1 M⊙) in the Magneticum suite of smoothed particle hydrodynamical cosmological simulations, out to the unprecedented radial extent of 10R500, c. We confirm that, under the action of non-gravitational physical phenomena, the baryon mass fraction is lower in the inner regions (< R500, c) of increasingly less massive halos, and rises moving outwards, with values that span from 51% (87%) of the cosmological value in the regions around R500, c to 95% (100%) at 10R500, c in the systems with the lowest (highest; Mvir ∼ 5 × 1014 h−1 M⊙) masses. The galaxy groups almost match the gas (and baryon) fraction measured in the most massive halos only at very large radii (r > 6R500, c), where the baryon depletion factor Ybar = fbar/(Ωb/Ωm) approaches the value of unity, expected for ‘closed-box’ systems. We find that both the radial and mass dependence of the baryon, gas, and hot depletion factors are predictable and follow a simple functional form. The star mass fraction is higher in less massive systems, decreases systematically with increasing radii, and reaches a constant value of Ystar ≈ 0.09, where the gas metallicity is also constant, regardless of the host halo mass, as a result of the early (z > 2) enrichment process.
Spatial analysis of the appropriation of electrical renewable energy technologies and sustainable development in the Upland of western Cameroon
Authors: Dezeu Tchinda Léonnie , Yemmafouo Aristide
Published: July 2022

The Cameroon rural western highlands, like most of the developing countries, undergoes a lack of electrical energy supply to make easier the lightning and the supply of tiny industries. During the last decades, the future of the technologies of renewable energies (Micro-hydroelectric power plant, photovoltaic panels, and micro wind tribune) is remarkable in the region. From this report, this study aims at analysing the installed capacities of those emerging technologies in order to determine the approbations degree of the local community and their influence on the sustainable development of the region. The primary and secondary data are obtained by the method of hypothec-deductive and mainly by snowball method, enabled us to evaluate three main types of renewable energy technologies in the region. The micro-hydroelectric power plants are the most important in terms of installed capacities. They are evaluated to 4936.7 KW (including the capacities of the colonial periods), an increase of 423.7 KW compared to 2014. The photovoltaic panels, which are the most prodigious one, are evaluated to 1070.362 KW, an increase of 936,47KWc. The micro wind turbines, which partially exist, are evaluated to 24.850 KW, an increase of 15.45KW. The analysis of the spatialization of these emerging technologies in this region shows a spatial and temporal growth of these technologies that testifies to their appropriation in the Western highlands of Cameroon.
Estimation of wind power in coastal areas using a Model based on the learning of a Multilayer Perceptron: Case of Douala, Cameroon
Authors: Nkeng Matip Michel Jessy , Ndjakomo Essiane S. , Ngoffe S. Perabi , Ketchanji Mougang Yolande Christelle
Published: July 2022

In recent years, the scientific community has been concerned about the threat of global warming. This phenomenon is due to the increase of greenhouse gas emissions greenhouse gas emissions due to human activity. Renewable energies present themselves as a potential solution to reduce to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Among the promising means of production As part of its policy of promoting renewable energy, the Cameroonian government launches each year projects in this area, hence the need to study the various sites and according to the parameters that are most often stochastic, hence the problem of choosing the type of wind power choose and implement. Thus this paper proposes a method of estimating the power produced according to the wind speed data of the scale coefficient and the shape on the station P/30 of Douala of the site of ASECNA - Douala Cameroon over a period of one year which presents different characteristics on the four seasons of the coastal areas of Cameroon by using the distribution of Weibull and by proposing another method using artificial intelligence ; This instability offers the opportunity to study other methods of power estimation using, as in this work, a multilayer perceptron type neural network. Based on the Weibull parameters, the power estimation is done by both approaches according to the different coastal seasons: hard dry season, short rainy season, short dry season and long rainy season. In addition, the form factor and scale factor fluctuated over the year from 1.36 to 1.94 and from 2.74 m/s to 3.80 m/s for different periods respectively. It was found that the average wind speed is 1.309 m/s, the average power for this site is 289.46 MW, and the months of March and July have high powers because the winds are warmer in these periods. For estimation we used a multi-layer perceptron consisting of: 03 input layers (wind speed, form factor and scale factor), 02 hidden layers of 10 neurons each and one output layer (wind turbine power), for training we used the gradient back-propagation algorithm using Matlab software. After an average of 200 training runs and a training step of 0.001, we obtained an RMSE for each of the four seasons of 0, 0065361; 0.00165361; 0.00052543; 0.0000011564. It was concluded that the algorithm improves the accuracy of power estimation by the MLP model and can be recommended for wind turbine power estimation.
Application of reduced mechanism by DRGEP-CSP approach to the numerical simulation of biogas diluted with the H2-CO2 couple
Authors: Awakem David , Nyamsi Wandji William , Kemayou Wouapi Marcel , Chopkap Noume Hermann , Ekobena Fouda Henri Paul
Published: July 2022

A numerical simulation was used to investigate an approach of reduction of the chemical kinetics coupled with two methods: Computational Singular Perturbation (CSP) and Directed Relation Graph with Propagation Error (DRGEP), in order to simulate the laminar premixed Biogas diluted by the H2-CO2. In this reduction approach, DRGEP allowed the identification of important species, elementary reactions involving unimportant species were eliminated from the detailed mechanism. To have a skeletal mechanism containing a minimum number of elementary reactions, the CSP method was used. The skeletal mechanism reduced by the DRGEP-CSP approach was opted for the simulation of biogas diluted by the H2-CO2 couple, given its high fidelity with the detailed mechanism. This reduction approach was applied to the laminar premixed flame biogas with the effect of varying the proportion of H2 and CO2. It emerges from the results that this reduction approach has a wide field of application in the study of the numerical combustion of biogas. It also appears that, the dilution of the biogas by H2-CO2 couple has a significant influence on the laminar flame speed and temperature over a wide range of aeration factors.
Children with Conductive Hearing Loss Fitted with Hearing Aids: Outcomes and Caregiver Experiences in South Africa
Authors: van Zyl Chéri , le Roux Talita , Swanepoel De Wet
Published: July 2022

Introduction Hearing aids are a frequent management option for children with conductive hearing loss (CHL) and it is necessary to determine the efficacy of outcomes. Limited information regarding caregivers' perceptions and experiences are available to examine outcomes in this population.

Objectives To describe hearing aid outcomes and caregivers' experiences for children with CHL who wear behind-the-ear (BTE) hearing aids.

Methods Retrospective review of clinical data from 19 children between 0 and 13 years of age with CHL, who were fitted with BTE hearing aids between January 2017 and March 2020. Hearing aid outcomes were documented at one month post-hearing aid fitting, via average daily use and caregiver and teacher reports obtained through the Parents' Evaluation of Aural/oral performance of Children (PEACH) and the Teachers' Evaluation of Aural/oral performance of Children (TEACH). Telephonic surveys were conducted with 13 caregivers to explore their experiences. Qualitative data from open-ended questions were analyzed thematically.

Results The average hearing aid use was 6.5 hours/day (2.0 standard deviation, SD; range 4.1–10.3) for bilateral hearing aid users. Questionnaire results indicated that most children (PEACH – 83.3% and TEACH – 92.3%) used their hearing aids more than 75% of the time. Participants performed better in quiet environments with limited sensitivity to loud sounds at home and at school. Reported challenges included stigma and device compliance.

Conclusions Children with CHL used their hearing aids for comparable hours (5–8 hours/day), as reported for children with sensorineural hearing loss, but less than the recommended 10 hours/day required for adequate language development. Caregivers reported benefits equivalent to expectations, with challenges similar to those reported in high-income countries.
MRI Findings in Case of Post–COVID-19 Vaccination Rhabdomyolysis: A Rare Postvaccination Adverse Effect
Authors: Kalekar Tushar M. , Jaipuria Radhika K. , Navani Rahul Srichand
Published: July 2022

In the era of this pandemic, without any proper and efficacious availability of antiviral agents against the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), vaccines have come as a hope for humankind. Although adverse reactions are common after getting the COVID-19 vaccine, serious or life-threatening side effects are very uncommon in these new emergency-approved vaccines. In this case report, we describe an unusual case of adverse reaction in a patient who received the COVID-19 vaccination. The patient who received the COVID-19 vaccination presented with progressive right lower limb pain and swelling, which further progressed to bilateral shoulder pain and swelling. Ultrasonography, Doppler, and magnetic resonance imaging of right lower limb were done for the patient.
Is There Gender (In)Equality in Pediatric Surgery? An Online Survey on Gender-Related Career Opportunities
Authors: Kueppers Julia , Heuer Luisa D. , Szavay Philipp O. , Zundel Sabine
Published: July 2022

Introduction The highest percentage of female surgeons is found in pediatric surgery but most departments are led by men. The aim of this study is to evaluate gender-related career goals, perceived career opportunities, and reasons for differences.

Materials and Methods An online questionnaire was created and distributed to pediatric surgeons in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria between July and September 2020. Participants were asked to state current position, career goals, and perceived career opportunities in comparison to a colleague of the opposite gender. Reasons for gender-related differences were asked for as free-text comments.

Results A total of 182 questionnaires were analyzed. The overall gender ratio was balanced but junior positions were predominantly held by women, while there were more men in leading positions. Most women pursued a position as a consultant, while the majority of men aimed for a leading position. Men mostly regard both genders to have the same career opportunities, whereas most women believe the chances of men to be better. From the free-text answers, three following categories for gender-related differences in career chances were derived: (1) absences due to maternity, (2) differing support and bias arising from gender-related stereotypes, and (3) assumed personality traits.

Conclusion There are gender-related differences in career opportunities in pediatric surgery. Gender equality is needed not only to overcome injustice but also to maximize team efficiency and collaboration. Career support needs to be gender-independent and (unconscious) bias needs to be recognized and eradicated.
Neuroimaging Findings in COVID-19 Associated Rhino-Orbital-Cerebral Mucormycosis: A Review
Authors: Reghunath Anjuna , Ghasi Rohini Gupta , Sharma Anuradha , Bagri Neha , Jain Swarna Gupta
Published: July 2022

The involvement of the neurological system by coronavirus has been well established. Since its onset, the systemic manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been evolving rapidly and imaging plays a pivotal role in diagnosing the various primary and secondary effects of the disease. As the pandemic continues to defy human civilization, secondary impacts of the disease and the treatment given to patients afflicted with the disease have stemmed up. Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis is one such potentially dangerous infection now commonly seen in COVID-19 patients, especially the ones treated with immunosuppressants. Early diagnosis is key for COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM), and radiologists should be well aware of its alarming neurological manifestations from the involvement of parenchyma, meninges, vessels, cranial nerves, and skull base. This review highlights the magnetic resonance imaging features of neuraxial involvement in CAM.
White-footed dunnarts (
Authors: Lavery Tyrone H. , Collett Rachael , Fisher Diana O. , Hoskin Conrad J. , Rowland Jesse
Published: July 2022

A population of white-footed dunnarts (Sminthopsis leucopus) occurs in the Wet Tropics bioregion of tropical north Queensland, Australia separated by about 1800 km from conspecifics in temperate New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania. We conducted targeted surveys for S. leucopus in north-east Queensland and obtained new records, including the first reported capture of the species in Queensland in 18 years. We assessed the genetic and morphological divergence of the north Queensland population against New South Wales, Victorian and Tasmanian S. leucopus, in conjunction with distribution and habitat differences, to assess whether this isolate should be described as a distinct taxon. Sequencing of the mitochondrial Cytochrome b gene revealed genetic divergence estimates of 2.3–2.8% and 4.3–4.8% between the north Queensland population and S. l. ferruginifrons (Victoria) and S. l. leucopus (Tasmania) respectively. Based on genetic divergence, cranial morphology, differences in habitat, and geographical isolation, we describe the north Queensland population as a new subspecies of Sminthopsis leucopus. We suggest a conservation classification of Endangered given its small distribution, apparent low density, tropical upland location and potential threats, especially related to climate change.
Nickel distribution in
Authors: van der Ent Antony , Spiers Kathryn M. , Brueckner Dennis , Erskine Peter D.
Published: July 2022

Context Hyperaccumulator plants are of considerable interest for their extreme physiology. Stackhousia tryonii is a nickel (Ni) hyperaccumulator plant endemic to ultramafic outcrops in Queensland (Australia) capable of attaining up to 41 300 μg g−1 foliar Ni. Aims This study sought to elucidate the distribution of Ni in S. tryonii by using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence micro-computed tomography (XFM-CT), complemented with elemental maps acquired from physically sectioned plant organs. Its Ni-enriched cylindrical photosynthetic stems make them particularly well suited samples for synchrotron XFM-CT. Methods XFM-CT enables ‘virtual sectioning’ of a sample, avoiding artefacts arising from physical sample preparation. The method can be used on fresh samples that are frozen during the analysis, which preserves ‘life-like’ conditions by limiting radiation damage. It also prevents/minimises other artefacts. Key results The results showed that Ni is mainly concentrated in the apoplastic space surrounding epidermal cells, and in some epidermal cell vacuoles. This finding is significant because this ‘free’ solute Ni is likely to be lost during physical sectioning. Conclusions and implications This case study has highlighted the utility of the XFM-CT approach for visualising metals within intact plant organs, which may be used across the plant sciences.
What role do Australian health professionals play in helping people choose their home care package services?
Authors: Cornell Victoria , Lowies Braam , Lushington Kurt , Helliar Christine
Published: July 2022

The home care package (HCP) scheme provides funds to eligible older Australians for social, personal and clinical care services, and aims to assist people to age in-home. Uncorroborated evidence suggests older Australians rely on health professionals – especially general practitioners – to prompt HCP assessments, choose service providers and manage HCP funds thereafter. This was confirmed in a survey involving 502 older Australians aged >65 years receiving HCP funds. As more Australians survive to older age, further research is needed to establish with general practitioners their needs regarding the delivery of in-home care information, clinic practice resources, trainee education and continuing professional development.