bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sleep duration and daytime napping in relation to incident inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Sun Yuhao , Tan Xiao , Geng Jiawei , Sun Jing , Chen Xuejie , Yu Lili , Wang Jiayi , Zhou Xuan , Hesketh Therese , Larsson Susanna C. , Chen Jie , Wang Xiaoyan , Li Xue , Liu Zhanju
Published: November 2022

Background

Sleep dysregulation has been linked to gastrointestinal dysfunction and inflammation.

Aims

To explore the associations between sleep duration, daytime napping and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).

Methods

Exposure information was obtained from the baseline questionnaire. Sleep duration was coded as continuous and categorical (≤5, 6, 7, 8, ≥9 h/day) variables. Daytime napping was defined as yes (sometimes/usually) and no (never/rarely). Incident IBD cases were defined from primary care and hospital inpatient records. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) for the outcomes were constructed and categorised into low, intermediate and high risk. Hazard ratio (HR) and confidence interval (CI) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression.

Results

The analysis included 2604 incident IBD cases (806 CD and 1798 UC) with a median follow‐up of 12.0 years. Comparing sleep duration ≤5 with 7 h/day, the HR of IBD, CD and UC was 1.36 (95% CI, 1.17–1.59), 1.53 (95% CI, 1.17–2.00) and 1.29 (95% CI, 1.07–1.56), respectively. Comparing participants with and without daytime napping, the HR of IBD, CD and UC was 1.13 (95% CI, 1.05–1.23), 1.25 (95% CI, 1.08–1.44) and 1.09 (95% CI, 0.90–1.20), respectively. No interaction of sleep duration and daytime napping with PRS was detected.  However, the associations appeared stronger in individuals with high rather than low PRS.

Conclusions

This study reveals positive associations between short sleep duration and daytime napping and IBD risk.
Opportunities and challenges for the development of M1 muscarinic receptor positive allosteric modulators in the treatment for neurocognitive deficits
Authors: Nguyen Huong T. M. , van der Westhuizen Emma T. , Langmead Christopher J. , Tobin Andrew B. , Sexton Patrick M. , Christopoulos Arthur , Valant Celine
Published: November 2022

Targeting allosteric sites of M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M1 receptors) is a promising strategy to treat neurocognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. Indeed, the last two decades have seen an impressive body of work focussing on the design and development of positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) for the M1 receptor. This has led to the identification of a structurally diverse range of highly selective M1 PAMs. In preclinical models, M1 PAMs have shown rescue of cognitive deficits and improvement of endpoints predictive of symptom domains of schizophrenia. Yet, to date only a few M1 PAMs have reached early‐stage clinical trials, with many of them failing to progress further due to on‐target mediated cholinergic adverse effects that have plagued the development of this class of ligand. This review covers the recent preclinical and clinical studies in the field of M1 receptor drug discovery for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia, with a specific focus on M1 PAM, highlighting both the undoubted potential but also key challenges for the successful translation of M1 PAMs from bench‐side to bedside.

LINKED ARTICLES

This article is part of a themed issue Therapeutic Targeting of G Protein‐Coupled Receptors: hot topics from the Australasian Society of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacologists and Toxicologists 2021 Virtual Annual Scientific Meeting. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.14/issuetoc
Recurrent missense variants in clonal hematopoiesis‐related genes present in the general population
Authors: Ariste Olivier , de la Grange Pierre , Veitia Reiner A.
Published: November 2022

Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) consists in an abnormal expansion of a hematopoietic stem cell bearing an advantageous somatic variant. A survey of known recurrent somatic missense variants in DNMT3A, SF3B1, SRSF2, and TP53, some of the most prominent genes underlying CH of indeterminate potential (CHIP), in gnomAD noncancer database shows the presence of 73 variants. Many of them reach frequencies higher than 0.01% in various populations and, in many cases, are enriched in specific populations. Consistent with a potential involvement in CHIP, we found that the age distribution of the carriers is shifted towards old ages. Moreover, the variant allele frequencies are on average lower than 50%, expected for germline heterozygous variants. The pervasive presence of some of such variants in blood DNA from elder individuals is compatible with CHIP of somatic origin. On practical grounds, CHIP can lead to misclassification of somatic variants in cancer‐predisposition genes as inherited, which bear consequences for the affected individuals and their families.
Bridging clinical care and research in Ontario, Canada: Maximizing diagnoses from reanalysis of clinical exome sequencing data
Authors: Hartley Taila , Soubry Élisabeth , Acker Meryl , Osmond Matthew , Couse Madeline , Gillespie Meredith K. , Ito Yoko , Marshall Aren E. , Lemire Gabrielle , Huang Lijia , Chisholm Caitlin , Eaton Alison J. , Price E. Magda , Dowling James J. , Ramani Arun K. , Mendoza‐Londono Roberto , Costain Gregory , Axford Michelle M. , Szuto Anna , McNiven Vanda , Damseh Nadirah , Jobling Rebekah , de Kock Leanne , Mojarad Bahareh A. , Young Ted , Shao Zhuo , Hayeems Robin Z. , Graham Ian D. , Tarnopolsky Mark , Brady Lauren , Armour Christine M. , Geraghty Michael , Richer Julie , Sawyer Sarah , Lines Matthew , Mercimek‐Andrews Saadet , Carter Melissa T. , Graham Gail , Kannu Peter , Lazier Joanna , Li Chumei , Aul Ritu B. , Balci Tugce B. , Dlamini Nomazulu , Badalato Lauren , Guerin Andrea , Walia Jagdeep , Chitayat David , Cohn Ronald , Faghfoury Hanna , Forster‐Gibson Cynthia , Gonorazky Hernan , Grunebaum Eyal , Inbar‐Feigenberg Michal , Karp Natalya , Morel Chantal , Rusnak Alison , Sondheimer Neal , Warman‐Chardon Jodi , Bhola Priya T. , Bourque Danielle K. , Chacon Inara J. , Chad Lauren , Chakraborty Pranesh , Chong Karen , Doja Asif , Goh Elaine Suk‐Ying , Saleh Maha ,   Care4Rare Canada, Potter Beth K. , Marshall Christian R. , Dyment David A. , Kernohan Kristin , Boycott Kym M.
Published: November 2022

We examined the utility of clinical and research processes in the reanalysis of publicly‐funded clinical exome sequencing data in Ontario, Canada. In partnership with eight sites, we recruited 287 families with suspected rare genetic diseases tested between 2014 and 2020. Data from seven laboratories was reanalyzed with the referring clinicians. Reanalysis of clinically relevant genes identified diagnoses in 4% (13/287); four were missed by clinical testing. Translational research methods, including analysis of novel candidate genes, identified candidates in 21% (61/287). Of these, 24 families have additional evidence through data sharing to support likely diagnoses (8% of cohort). This study indicates few diagnoses are missed by clinical laboratories, the incremental gain from reanalysis of clinically‐relevant genes is modest, and the highest yield comes from validation of novel disease‐gene associations. Future implementation of translational research methods, including continued reporting of compelling genes of uncertain significance by clinical laboratories, should be considered to maximize diagnoses.
Comparison of P‐glycoprotein function in peripheral blood mononuclear cells ex vivo in stable Black and White male and female kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Tornatore Kathleen M. , Attwood Kris , Brazeau Daniel , Sprowl Jason , Chang Shirley , Gundroo Aijaz , Minderman Hans , Venuto Rocco C.
Published: November 2022

Kidney allograft survival remains poorer in Black compared to White recipients due to racial differences in calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) pharmacology. P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp), an ABC efflux transporter expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), modulates CNI pharmacokinetics and intracellular pharmacology. This study investigated P‐gp function in PBMC ex vivo at 0 (trough), 4, 8, and 12 h in stable Black and White male and female kidney transplant recipients (n = 67) receiving tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid. Tacrolimus doses were adjusted to troughs of 4–10 ng/ml. P‐gp function was quantified with flow cytometric measurement of cyclosporine (CYA; 2.5 μM)‐reversible efflux of P‐gp substrate, 3,3′‐Diethyloxacarbocyanine iodide by determining the percentage change of mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) with CYA (% ΔMFI). The composite parameter of area under the concentration versus time (AUC)0–12h % ΔMFI estimated P‐gp function. Data analysis examined race, sex, and race‐sex associations to P‐gp function. A secondary aim analyzed ABCB1 genotypes: 1236C>T (rs1128503), 2677G>T/A (rs2032582), 3435C>T (rs1045642), and P‐gp function. P‐gp function (% ΔMFI) was higher in White patients at troughs (p = 0.031) compared to Black counterparts with similar trends at 4 and 8 h. Reduced AUC0–12h % ΔMFI was noted in Black recipients (N = 32) compared with Whites (N = 35, p = 0.029) with notable pairwise adjusted differences between Black and White women (p = 0.021). Higher AUC0–12h % ΔMFI was associated with ABCB1 2677 TT compared to GG variants (p = 0.035). The AUC0–12h % ΔMFI was greater in White than Black subjects. P‐gp function was higher at troughs in White subjects and differed between race‐sex groups. P‐gp function in PBMC may influence intracellular tacrolimus exposure and inter‐relating pharmacodynamic responses which may support race and sex pharmacologic differences.
Holding together after disaster: The role of social skills in strengthening family cohesion and resilience
Authors: Bogdan Eva A. , McDonald‐Harker Caroline , Bassi Emilie M. , Haney Timothy J.
Published: November 2022

Objective

This study investigated how a flooding disaster impacted family cohesion and resilience.

Background

Disasters present challenges for families, often threatening family cohesion. Although there is extensive research on the impacts of disasters on mental health at the individual level, less is known about how family units recover from disasters, and how parental relationship dynamics and parent–child dynamics influence family functioning during and after such traumatic events.

Method

Qualitative face‐to‐face interviews were conducted 1 year after the 2013 southern Alberta flood with 105 parents of children ages 17 years and under.

Results

Findings reveal that families who experienced more loss were not necessarily more negatively impacted overall. Some families reported the flood caused them to grow further apart, whereas for others it brought them closer together. Those who reported that the flood brought them closer together demonstrated the following three main social skills: (a) communication, (b) conflict resolution, and (c) coping. Findings also reveal that families have higher levels of cohesiveness and resilience post‐disaster when they exhibit these important skills.

Conclusion

This research concludes that coming together as a family unit created a supportive space for families to process and reduce the stress generated by the flood event. Families who demonstrate and practice communication, conflict resolution, and coping in the face of challenging events like disasters are more cohesive and resilient.

Implications

Understanding how key social skills influence family members' functioning post‐disaster in terms of cohesion and resilience provides important insight into strategies, services, and resources that can be adopted and utilized to support families in disaster contexts.
Stress corrosion cracking behavior of AZ80 magnesium alloy with different orientations in simulated body fluid
Authors: Xiong Ying , Zhang Aoxuan , Zhu Tao
Published: November 2022

Slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) testing was performed on AZ80 magnesium alloy plate along different orientation at a nominal stain rate, viz., 1 × 10−6/s and 5.3 × 10−7/s, in a simulated body fluid (SBF). Two types of orientation specimens were machined from the rolled plate with the loading axes of testing specimens along 0° (RD) and 30° (RD30) with respect to the rolled direction. The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of specimens with different orientation was studied by a combination of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and SSRT analysis. The fracture surface of the specimens was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The initiation and propagation of cracking are analyzed by the EIS information recorded during the SSRT loading. Based on the experimental observations, the stress corrosion mechanism of AZ80 Mg alloy with different initial texture was revealed.
Pan‐Arctic soil moisture control on tundra carbon sequestration and plant productivity
Authors: Zona Donatella , Lafleur Peter M. , Hufkens Koen , Gioli Beniamino , Bailey Barbara , Burba George , Euskirchen Eugénie S. , Watts Jennifer D. , Arndt Kyle A. , Farina Mary , Kimball John S. , Heimann Martin , Göckede Mathias , Pallandt Martijn , Christensen Torben R. , Mastepanov Mikhail , López‐Blanco Efrén , Dolman Albertus J. , Commane Roisin , Miller Charles E. , Hashemi Josh , Kutzbach Lars , Holl David , Boike Julia , Wille Christian , Sachs Torsten , Kalhori Aram , Humphreys Elyn R. , Sonnentag Oliver , Meyer Gesa , Gosselin Gabriel H. , Marsh Philip , Oechel Walter C.
Published: November 2022

Long‐term atmospheric CO2 concentration records have suggested a reduction in the positive effect of warming on high‐latitude carbon uptake since the 1990s. A variety of mechanisms have been proposed to explain the reduced net carbon sink of northern ecosystems with increased air temperature, including water stress on vegetation and increased respiration over recent decades. However, the lack of consistent long‐term carbon flux and in situ soil moisture data has severely limited our ability to identify the mechanisms responsible for the recent reduced carbon sink strength. In this study, we used a record of nearly 100 site‐years of eddy covariance data from 11 continuous permafrost tundra sites distributed across the circumpolar Arctic to test the temperature (expressed as growing degree days, GDD) responses of gross primary production (GPP), net ecosystem exchange (NEE), and ecosystem respiration (ER) at different periods of the summer (early, peak, and late summer) including dominant tundra vegetation classes (graminoids and mosses, and shrubs). We further tested GPP, NEE, and ER relationships with soil moisture and vapor pressure deficit to identify potential moisture limitations on plant productivity and net carbon exchange. Our results show a decrease in GPP with rising GDD during the peak summer (July) for both vegetation classes, and a significant relationship between the peak summer GPP and soil moisture after statistically controlling for GDD in a partial correlation analysis. These results suggest that tundra ecosystems might not benefit from increased temperature as much as suggested by several terrestrial biosphere models, if decreased soil moisture limits the peak summer plant productivity, reducing the ability of these ecosystems to sequester carbon during the summer.
A systematic review of research on immigrant parenting of young children in the 21st century (2000–2020)
Authors: Guo Karen
Published: November 2022

As the immigrant population grows in many countries, immigrant parenting has become a prominent research topic and generated an extensive body of literature. This bibliometric study conducted a systematic review of 1090 articles published from 2000–2020 within the field of immigrant parenting (IP) of young children. Using the citation and co‐citation data, the study delineated the developing trends of IP research, explored the significant shifts, and mapped the future directions. The analysis identified remarkable evolutions and revealed the future of the IP field in both optimistic and problematic lights. This was attributed to a combination of factors, in particular to the diverse topics, increased recognition of the gaps between immigration and parenting, limited methodological choices, a lack of theoretical underpinnings and the influence of the intensification of digitalization upon many dimensions of people's lives. Future studies should broaden the field's understanding of underlying reasons that properly account for IP varieties.
Positional cloning and characterization reveal the role of a miRNA precursor gene ZmLRT in the regulation of lateral root number and drought tolerance in maize
Authors: Zhang Ming , Chen Yanhong , Xing Hongyan , Ke Wensheng , Shi Yunlu , Sui Zhipeng , Xu Ruibin , Gao Lulu , Guo Ganggang , Li Jiansheng , Xing Jiewen , Zhang Yirong
Published: November 2022

Lateral roots play essential roles in drought tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.). However, the genetic basis for the variation in the number of lateral roots in maize remains elusive. Here, we identified a major quantitative trait locus (QTL), qLRT5‐1, controlling lateral root number using a recombinant inbred population from a cross between the maize lines Zong3 (with many lateral roots) and 87‐1 (with few lateral roots). Fine‐mapping and functional analysis determined that the candidate gene for qLRT5‐1, ZmLRT, expresses the primary transcript for the microRNA miR166a. ZmLRT was highly expressed in root tips and lateral root primordia, and knockout and overexpression of ZmLRT increased and decreased lateral root number, respectively. Compared with 87‐1, the ZmLRT gene model of Zong3 lacked the second and third exons and contained a 14 bp deletion at the junction between the first exon and intron, which altered the splicing site. In addition, ZmLRT expression was significantly lower in Zong3 than in 87‐1, which might be attributed to the insertions of a transposon and over large DNA fragments in the Zong3 ZmLRT promoter region. These mutations decreased the abundance of mature miR166a in Zong3, resulting in increased lateral roots at the seedling stage. Furthermore, miR166a post‐transcriptionally repressed five development‐related class‐III homeodomain‐leucine zipper genes. Moreover, knockout of ZmLRT enhanced drought tolerance of maize seedlings. Our study furthers our understanding of the genetic basis of lateral root number variation in maize and highlights ZmLRT as a target for improving drought tolerance in maize.
Episodic memory effects of gamma frequency precuneus transcranial magnetic stimulation in Alzheimer's disease: A randomized multiple baseline study
Authors: Traikapi Artemis , Kalli Ioanna , Kyriakou Andrea , Stylianou Elena , Symeou Rafaella Tereza , Kardama Akrivi , Christou Yiolanda Panayiota , Phylactou Phivos , Konstantinou Nikos
Published: November 2022

Episodic memory decline is the prominent neuropsychological feature of typical Alzheimer's Disease (AD), for which current treatments have a limited clinical response. Recently, gamma entrainment therapy has been used as a non‐invasive treatment in AD, providing evidence that it may have the potential to alleviate brain pathology and improve cognitive function in AD patients. At the same time, the precuneus (PC) has been recognized as a key area involved in AD related memory deficits and as a key node of the Default Mode Network. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a 40 Hz Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) intervention, delivered bilaterally to the precuneus for 10 days, in improving the patients' episodic memory performance. Secondary outcome variables investigated included general cognitive function, semantic and spatial memory, as well as attention and executive function. A concurrent multiple baseline design across five cases was employed. Four patients completed the study. Visual analysis combined with effect size indices were used to evaluate changes across phases. An increase in the average level of immediate recalled words was observed in three out of four patients. Effect size indices indicated significant improvement of attention skills in two patients. No treatment effect was observed for semantic and visual memory, or for executive function. An immediate treatment effect was observed in all patients' general cognitive function as assessed with the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (mean reduction of 5 points), which was maintained and improved further three months post‐treatment. The neuropsychological evaluations indicated improved performance three months post‐treatment in immediate and delayed recall, attention, phonological verbal fluency, anxiety, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. This study provides preliminary evidence for the efficacy of a novel non‐pharmacological treatment using gamma‐band TMS in addressing cognitive dysfunction in AD.
Managerial delegation, network externalities and loan commitment
Authors: Lian Xubei , Zhang Kai , Wang Leonard F. S.
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we show that, compared with no network externalities, firms always obtain higher profits and social welfare in the presence of positive network externalities, irrespective of the managerial delegation contracts. Furthermore, we show that whether the owner chooses market share delegation or sales delegation contracts relies on the type and strength of network externalities. If the network externalities are positive and strong enough, sales delegation dominates the market share delegation; otherwise, the owner will choose market share delegation. More importantly, we find that, if the network externalities are positive, the optimal interest rate of a loan commitment decreases with an increase of network externalities, and the firm's delegation behavior will benefit society regardless of the delegation contract types. On the contrary, the optimal interest rate increases with an increase of network externalities, and the firm's delegation behavior will harm social welfare in the presence of negative network externalities.
The Nature and Limits of Theology: A Response to Rowan Williams
Authors: DeSantis Cole
Published: November 2022

Theology is both a human endeavor and something of Divine origin, insofar as it is a human attempt to make sense of certain Divinely revealed propositions. How does one reconcile these two elements? One attempt to do so was on the part of the Anglican theologian Rowan Williams. In sections I and II of chapter 1 of his work ‘On Christian Theology’, Williams speaks of the nature of authentic theological discourse, that is, theological discourse that has integrity. In his work on theological integrity, Williams explores how human intentions or hidden agendas can potentially warp our attempt to make sense of the truths contained within Divine Revelation. He then goes on to speak of how to avoid such pitfalls. In this article, I will respond to the epistemological implications of William's thoughts on this topic. I will use various ideas from Catholic theology, including the development of doctrines and the notion that faith has both a subjective and objective element, to explore both the strengths and weaknesses of Williams's thought.
Knowledge of the Heart: Notes on the Definition of the Sensus Fidei in the Personal Life of the Believer
Authors: Tóth Beáta
Published: November 2022

The sensus fidei is a crucial concept which has assumed growing importance during recent years of theological enquiry, however, it is not so easily defined. This article examines a section of the document. Sensus Fidei in the Life of the Church. (ITC, 2014, Chapter 2, no. 48-65) and explores the underlying anthropological-epistemological assumptions which seem to be inherently shaping the idea of the sensus fidei fidelis (the sense of faith of the individual believer). What is the site of such a sense of faith in the personal life of the believer? Is there an adequate theological anthropological framework for imagining the operation of this special ‘faculty’? After commenting on the various definitions of the concept, I focus on the four classical theological key elements the document draws on in articulating a modern account: the Thomistic understanding of faith, virtue, connaturality and instinct. The third section of the article highlights inherent tensions between the traditional Thomistic scheme and a post-Enlightenment, anti-rationalist agenda which call for a more systematic elaboration of an adequate current anthropology of the human person.
Competition between Colletotrichum species reduces anthracnose symptom development in Dioscorea alata yams: Potential for biopriming and breeding
Authors: Dentika Pauline , Ninsseu Achille , Pétro Dalila , Ozier‐Lafontaine Harry , Penet Laurent
Published: November 2022

Ecological interactions are a fairly overlooked component in agriculture, despite their known potential in productivity, pest and disease regulation. In this study, we assessed whether a potential low pathogenic congeneric competitor of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides could decrease disease onset in yams. We set up an experiment with artificial drop inoculation on detached leaves, with individual controls and treatments as either co‐inoculation or inoculation with a harmless competitor 24 h prior to inoculating the pathogen. Our results demonstrate that direct admixing translated into accrued competition and disease symptoms, while prior inoculation of the competitor tended to decrease symptom development. There was variation in how varieties responded to treatments and in strain competitive ability altering the protective effect, but nevertheless these results suggest that incorporating such interactions in breeding programmes or working towards increased use of commensals in agriculture might confer improved disease control for crops.
Genetic variability and pathogenicity of Fusarium verticillioides isolates from the summer‐sown maize regions in China
Authors: Dong Siyuan , Jiang Kaifang , Huai Baoyu , Ye Lei , You Jianye , Ma Yuanwei , Tan Genjia
Published: November 2022

Maize ear rot, one of the most destructive diseases in summer‐sown maize areas of China, is caused by several Fusarium spp. Not only does this pathogen lower maize yields, but also negatively impacts both animal and human health through the production of fumonisin mycotoxins. In this study, we collected 472 unique isolates of F. verticillioides from 480 samples of maize ear rots across eight Chinese summer‐sown maize regions and evaluated their genetic variability and aggressiveness. Analysis of polymorphic intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) loci revealed high levels of genetic variation, particularly in Henan and Shandong provinces. The STRUCTURE result showed that all F. verticillioides isolates clustered into three populations, rather than eight distinct geographical provinces, and there was no significant positive correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance. Most of the variation resulted from genetic differences within rather than between populations. Pathogenicity varied among the evaluated F. verticillioides isolates, and most isolates examined, caused a moderate level of disease; there was no strong correlation between pathogenicity and genetic diversity. This is the first comprehensive report of both the genetic variability and pathogenicity of F. verticillioides across the whole summer‐sown maize region in China. These results provide important information that can inform efforts to control maize ear rot and fumonisin contamination caused by F. verticillioides.
Asymptotic properties of nonparametric quantile estimation with spatial dependency
Authors: Kanga S.‐H. Arnaud , Hili Ouagnina , Dabo‐Niang Sophie , N'Guessan Assi
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this work is to nonparametrically estimate the conditional quantile for a locally stationary multivariate spatial process. The new kernel quantile estimate derived from the one of conditional distribution function (CDF). The originality in the paper is based on the ability to take into account some local spatial dependency in estimate CDF form. Consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimates are obtained under ‐mixing condition. Numerical study and application to real data are given in order to illustrate the performance of our methodology.
The novel HLA‐DQB1*04:93 allele, identified by Sanger dideoxy nucleotide sequencing in a Chinese individual
Authors: Tang Pei‐Xia , Zheng Zhong‐Zheng , Du Ke‐Ming , An Lin , Xu Zhen‐Shu
Published: November 2022

HLA‐DQB1*04:93 differs from HLA‐DQB1*04:01:01:01 by one nucleotide in exon 2.
Block‐transitive designs based on grids
Authors: Alavi Seyed Hassan , Daneshkhah Ashraf , Devillers Alice , Praeger Cheryl E.
Published: November 2022

We study point‐block incidence structures for which the point set is an grid. Cameron and the fourth author showed that each block may be viewed as a subgraph of a complete bipartite graph with bipartite parts (biparts) of sizes . In the case where consists of all the subgraphs isomorphic to , under automorphisms of fixing the two biparts, they obtained necessary and sufficient conditions for to be a 2‐design, and to be a 3‐design. We first reinterpret these conditions more graph theoretically, and then focus on square grids, and designs admitting the full automorphism group of . We find necessary and sufficient conditions, again in terms of graph theoretic parameters, for these incidence structures to be ‐designs, for , and give infinite families of examples illustrating that block‐transitive, point‐primitive 2‐designs based on grids exist for all values of , and flag‐transitive, point‐primitive examples occur for all even . This approach also allows us to construct a small number of block‐transitive 3‐designs based on grids.
The spectrum of a well‐generated tensor‐triangulated category
Authors: Krause Henning , Letz Janina C.
Published: November 2022

For a tensor‐triangulated category and any regular cardinal , we study the frame of ‐localizing tensor ideals and its associated space of points. For a well‐generated category and its frame of localizing tensor ideals, we provide conditions such that the associated space is obtained by refining the topology of the corresponding space for the triangulated subcategory of ‐compact objects. This is illustrated by several known examples for , and new spaces arise for .
The Connection Between Sliding Mode Analysis and Singular Perturbation Theory for Modeling Fast Hydraulically Fed-Back Switching Valves
Authors: Zagar Philipp , Scheidl Rudolf
Published: November 2022

In most cases modeling of fast switching valves in hydraulics results in fast and slow subsystems. System equations which incorporate fast and slow dynamics are called stiff systems and one can apply singular perturbation theory to reduce the system order and get handy approximate expressions in a lower-order description. This is not only useful to reduce complexity to numerically solve the system efficiently, but also to understand the system’s key parameters and how they affect the behavior which is of great interest during design phase.

In a previous paper the authors published an approach which uses switched systems and sliding modes to get a reduced system description of hydraulically fed-back switching. There, one models a hydraulic valve as either completely open or closed. A partially opened valve is then modelled as a sliding mode which can be interpreted as a pulse-width modulation of a fast switching digital valve. Even though, the resulting sliding mode dynamics approximation does not preserve topological properties of the full system dynamics an advantage of this approach is that the system incorporates the nonlinearities which arise due to end-stops of valves in a very natural way. Therefore, it is capable of describing system dynamics which results from such non-smooth properties. In this paper the authors work out the naturally suggested — even though not obvious — connection between both approaches for reducing systems with hydraulically fed-back switching valves.
Fault Diagnosis of Control Valve Based on Fusion of Deep Learning and Elastic Weight Consolidation
Authors: Yin Hao , Xu He , Zhao Yuhan , Sun Feng
Published: November 2022

Deep neural network learning is a commonly used method for fault diagnosis of the control valve. However, the catastrophic forgetting problem of deep learning in multi-task affects the fault diagnosis accuracy. Moreover, the traditional training model can be improved by using parameter constraint control or adding a few parameters, but it has many limitations. Therefore, this paper proposed a fusion of elastic weight consolidation algorithm and residual shrinkage network method, sharing common feature layers. According to the weight of the same or similar parameters of the previous task, the correct solution of the current task could be obtained, and the forgetting degree of the previous task could be reduced. It improved the generalization ability of the training model. The control valve data were collected and compared with the stochastic gradient descent algorithm in different valve openings. The results indicate that this method has a high accuracy for the condition identification of the control valve. This method can effectively alleviate the problem of the catastrophic forgetting of deep learning in multi-task identification of control valve.
Directional detection of dark matter using solid-state quantum sensing
Authors: Ebadi Reza , Marshall Mason C. , Phillips David F. , Cremer Johannes , Zhou Tao , Titze Michael , Kehayias Pauli , Saleh Ziabari Maziar , Delegan Nazar , Rajendran Surjeet , Sushkov Alexander O. , Heremans F. Joseph , Bielejec Edward S. , Holt Martin V. , Walsworth Ronald L.
Published: November 2022

Next-generation dark matter (DM) detectors searching for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) will be sensitive to coherent scattering from solar neutrinos, demanding an efficient background-signal discrimination tool. Directional detectors improve sensitivity to WIMP DM despite the irreducible neutrino background. Wide-bandgap semiconductors offer a path to directional detection in a high-density target material. A detector of this type operates in a hybrid mode. The WIMP or neutrino-induced nuclear recoil is detected using real-time charge, phonon, or photon collection. The directional signal, however, is imprinted as a durable sub-micron damage track in the lattice structure. This directional signal can be read out by a variety of atomic physics techniques, from point defect quantum sensing to x-ray microscopy. In this Review, we present the detector principle as well as the status of the experimental techniques required for directional readout of nuclear recoil tracks. Specifically, we focus on diamond as a target material; it is both a leading platform for emerging quantum technologies and a promising component of next-generation semiconductor electronics. Based on the development and demonstration of directional readout in diamond over the next decade, a future WIMP detector will leverage or motivate advances in multiple disciplines toward precision dark matter and neutrino physics.
Rewilding plant microbiomes
Authors: Raaijmakers Jos M. , Kiers E. Toby
Published: November 2022

Microbiota of crop ancestors may offer a way to enhance sustainable food production
Universal assembly of liquid metal particles in polymers enables elastic printed circuit board
Authors: Lee Wonbeom , Kim Hyunjun , Kang Inho , Park Hongjun , Jung Jiyoung , Lee Haeseung , Park Hyunchang , Park Ji Su , Yuk Jong Min , Ryu Seunghwa , Jeong Jae-Woong , Kang Jiheong
Published: November 2022

An elastic printed circuit board (E-PCB) is a conductive framework used for the facile assembly of system-level stretchable electronics. E-PCBs require elastic conductors that have high conductivity, high stretchability, tough adhesion to various components, and imperceptible resistance changes even under large strain. We present a liquid metal particle network (LMP
Net
) assembled by applying an acoustic field to a solid-state insulating liquid metal particle composite as the elastic conductor. The LMP
Net
conductor satisfies all the aforementioned requirements and enables the fabrication of a multilayered high-density E-PCB, in which numerous electronic components are intimately integrated to create highly stretchable skin electronics. Furthermore, we could generate the LMP
Net
in various polymer matrices, including hydrogels, self-healing elastomers, and photoresists, thus showing their potential for use in soft electronics.
Industrial clusters for deep decarbonization
Authors: Sovacool Benjamin K. , Geels Frank W. , Iskandarova Marfuga
Published: November 2022

Net-zero megaprojects in the UK offer promise and lessons
An ever-evolving mind
Authors: Thompson Bill
Published: November 2022

Experimental evolution of human cognition helps us understand ourselves
Iceman’s preservation was not a freak event
Authors: Curry Andrew
Published: November 2022

Body’s survival without lucky accidents of climate suggests more ice mummies await
Nitric Oxide Signaling for Aerial Mycelium Formation in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) M145
Authors: Honma Sota , Ito Shinsaku , Yajima Shunsuke , Sasaki Yasuyuki
Published: November 2022

Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells utilize nitric oxide (NO) to regulate physiological functions. Besides its role as a producer of different bioactive substances,
Streptomyces
is suggested to be involved in mycelial development regulated by endogenously produced NO.
The Maize Pathogen Ustilago maydis Secretes Glycoside Hydrolases and Carbohydrate Oxidases Directed toward Components of the Fungal Cell Wall
Authors: Reyre Jean-Lou , Grisel Sacha , Haon Mireille , Navarro David , Ropartz David , Le Gall Sophie , Record Eric , Sciara Giuliano , Tranquet Olivier , Berrin Jean-Guy , Bissaro Bastien
Published: November 2022

Filamentous fungi play a central regulatory role on Earth, notably in the global carbon cycle. Regardless of their lifestyle, filamentous fungi need to remodel their own cell wall (mostly composed of polysaccharides) to grow and proliferate.
Rab11-FIP1C Is Dispensable for HIV-1 Replication in Primary CD4+T Cells, but Its Role Is Cell Type Dependent in Immortalized Human T-Cell Lines
Authors: Fernandez-de Céspedes Melissa V. , Hoffman Huxley K. , Carter Hannah , Simons Lacy M. , Naing Lwar , Ablan Sherimay D. , Scheiblin David A. , Hultquist Judd F. , van Engelenburg Schuyler B. , Freed Eric O.
Published: November 2022

The incorporation of the HIV-1 envelope (Env) glycoproteins, gp120 and gp41, into virus particles is critical for virus infectivity. gp41 contains a long cytoplasmic tail that has been proposed to interact with host cell factors, including the trafficking factor Rab11a family interacting protein 1C (FIP1C). To investigate the role of FIP1C in relevant cell types—human T-cell lines and primary CD4+T cells—we used CRISPR-Cas9 to knock out FIP1C expression and examined the effect on HIV-1 Env incorporation and virus replication.
VSGs Expressed during Natural T. b. gambiense Infection Exhibit Extensive Sequence Divergence and a Subspecies-Specific Bias towards Type B N-Terminal Domains
Authors: So Jaime , Sudlow Sarah , Sayeed Abeer , Grudda Tanner , Deborggraeve Stijn , Ngoyi Dieudonné Mumba , Desamber Didier Kashiama , Wickstead Bill , Lejon Veerle , Mugnier Monica R.
Published: November 2022

Human African trypanosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease primarily caused by the extracellular parasite
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
. To avoid elimination by the host, these parasites repeatedly replace their variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) coat.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Type Strain Aliivibrio fischeri DSM 507
Authors: Papaioannou Kalliopi-Konstantina , Hollensteiner Jacqueline , Witte Judith Katharina Helena , Poehlein Anja , Daniel Rolf
Published: November 2022

The complete genome sequence of the type strain
Aliivibrio fischeri
comb. nov. DSM 507 is presented. The genome consists of two circular chromosomes comprising 2,970,859 bp (chromosome 1) and 1,532,347 bp (chromosome 2) with GC contents of 38.94 and 37.13%, respectively.
Coding-Complete Genome Sequences for Two Confirmed Monkeypox Cases in South Africa 2022
Authors: Chan Wai Yin , Mtshali Phillip Senzo , Grobbelaar Antoinette , Moolla Naazneen , Mohale Thabo , Lowe Michelle , Du Plessis Morne , Ismail Arshad , Weyer Jacqueline
Published: November 2022

The coding-complete genome sequences of monkeypox virus (MPXV) were obtained from skin lesion swabs from two human cases detected in South Africa in June 2022. Sequence analyses indicated that the genetic sequences of the viruses associated with these two cases were related most closely to the genetic sequences of other MPXVs reported during the 2022 multicountry outbreak and belong to the monkeypox hMPXV-1 clade (previously West Africa clade) and B.1 lineage.
Multiple Copies of Mobile Tigecycline Resistance Efflux Pump Gene Cluster
tmexC2D2.2-toprJ2
Identified in Chromosome of
Aeromonas
spp.
Authors: Wang Cheng-Zhen , Gao Xun , Tu Jie-Ying , Lv Lu-Chao , Pu Wen-Xian , He Xiao-Tong , Jiao Yan-Xiang , Deng Yu-Ting , Liu Jian-Hua
Published: November 2022

Tigecycline is regarded as one of the few effective drugs against multidrug-resistant bacterial infection. However, mobile tigecycline resistance efflux pump gene clusters such as
tmexC1D1-toprJ1
and its variants have been identified in both animal- and human-origin
Enterobacteriacea
e.
Supplemental Material: Thermal history modeling techniques and interpretation strategies: Applications using QTQt
Authors: Abbey A.L. , al. et
Published: November 2022

Contains tables that detail all model input parameters and decisions, figures that show model predictions from sensitivity tests shown in the main text of the manuscript, and a tutorial accompanied by data and model input files, for becoming familiar with QTQt.  
On Phase Transitions near Black Holes
Authors: Grib A. A. , Pavlov Yu. V.
Published: November 2022

It has been shown that temperatures near the horizon of rotating black holes can be about the phase transition temperature in the Standard Model with the Higgs boson. The distance from the horizon and gravitational and electromagnetic radiation emitted in collisions between particles have been numerically estimated.
Hazardous giant pharyngoesophageal liposarcoma
Authors: Anbarasan Subagar , Mani Suresh , Goel Gaurav , Chirom Amit Singh
Published: November 2022

A man in his early 80s presented to the otorhinolaryngology department with progressively worsening dysphagia to solids and a recent episode of difficulty breathing accompanied by a very brief expulsion of a solid mass from the mouth. Based on the endoscopic appearance of a fatty lesion of an elongated mass with a thick stalk on the posterior pharyngeal wall, a diagnosis of the benign fibrovascular polyp was given after clinical and radiological correlation. The pharyngeal polyp was resected at the base of its pedicle by transoral endoscopy with a thunder beat vessel sealing device. Histopathological examination of the mass revealed a well-differentiated liposarcoma composed of mature adipocytes. Following surgical excision, the patient made a full recovery. This case signifies the integrated role of preoperative biopsy, new surgical technologies and targeted therapies in managing pharyngoesophageal polyps.
Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH): a little known cause of thoracic lesions
Authors: Ionescu Anne-Marie , Skidmore Peter , Aldik Ghanem
Published: November 2022

Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH) is a rare but important condition to consider when investigating a patient with suspected thoracic malignancy. There is very little known about DIPNECH and it is considered to be a precursor to carcinoid tumour of the lung. This case report aims to increase awareness of this largely unknown and rare condition and to better improve its consideration as a differential diagnosis in patients who remain unresponsive to conventional treatment.
Treatment pattern trends of medications for type 2 diabetes in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Carney Greg , Kim Jason D , O'Sullivan Cait , Thompson Wade , Bassett Ken , Levin Josh , Dormuth Colin R
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Several new oral drug classes for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have been introduced in the last 20 years accompanied by developments in clinical evidence and guidelines. The uptake of new therapies and contemporary use of blood glucose-lowering drugs has not been closely examined in Canada. The objective of this project was to describe these treatment patterns and relate them to changes in provincial practice guidelines.

Research design and methods

We conducted a longitudinal drug utilization study among persons with T2DM aged ≥18 years from 2001 to 2020 in British Columbia (BC), Canada. We used dispensing data from community pharmacies with linkable physician billing and hospital admission records. Laboratory results were available from 2011 onwards. We identified incident users of blood glucose-lowering drugs, then determined sequence patterns of medications dispensed, with stratification by age group, and subgroup analysis for patients with a history of cardiovascular disease.

Results

Among a cohort of 362 391 patients (mean age 57.7 years old, 53.5% male) treated for non-insulin-dependent diabetes, the proportion who received metformin monotherapy as first-line treatment reached a maximum of 90% in 2009, decreasing to 73% in 2020. The proportion of patients starting two-drug combinations nearly doubled from 3.3% to 6.4%. Sulfonylureas were the preferred class of second-line agents over the course of the study period. In 2020, sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists accounted for 21% and 10% of second-line prescribing, respectively. For patients with baseline glycated hemoglobin (A1C) results prior to initiating diabetic treatment, 41% had a value ≤7.0% and 27% had a value over 8.5%.

Conclusions

Oral diabetic medication patterns have changed significantly over the last 20 years in BC, primarily in terms of medications used as second-line therapy. Over 40% of patients with available laboratory results initiated T2DM treatment with an A1C value ≤7.0%, with the average A1C value trending lower over the last decade.