bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of Enhanced Power Losses Characterization in Optical Networks
Authors: May Alix , Boitier Fabien , Courilleau Aymeric , Al Ayoubi Bichr , Layec Patricia
Published: April 2022

We generalize our receiver-based power losses characterization in a networking scenario. We show that combining monitored information from several lightpaths increases the estimation accuracy with an estimation error reduced from 1.40 dB to 0.50 dB.
Spectrum and Cost Savings from Beyond-100Gbaud Optical Transponders
Authors: Karandin Oleg , Musumeci Francesco , Ferrari Alessio , Charlet Gabriel , Pointurier Yvan , Tornatore Massimo
Published: April 2022

We quantify spectrum usage and transponder cost when deploying next-generation transponders that support up to 1.6 Tbit/s, in both C- and C+L bands. We compare two transponder architectures: a) single-carrier, operating beyond 100 Gbaud and b) multi-carrier with each carrier operating below 100 Gbaud.
Message Passing: Towards Low-Complexity, Global Optimal Routing and Wavelength Assignment Solutions for Optical Networks
Authors: Luo Ruijie , Xu Yi-Zhi , Matzner Robin , Zervas Georgios , Saad David , Bayvel Polina
Published: April 2022

We introduce a polynomial-time distributed message passing algorithm for routing and wavelength assignment. Exact global solutions are obtained for small-scale networks and improvements are demonstrated on network scales beyond the reach of established global algorithms.
“Digitalizing” Optical Layer for The Green Computing Continuum As The Future Digital Infrastructure
Authors: Namiki Shu , Ishii Kiyo
Published: April 2022

This talk will review, from the perspective of photonics, the technological trends of the digital infrastructure migrating toward the “computing continuum,” where the optical network and computing infrastructure are converged. The functional block-based disaggregation (FBD) model will be introduced as a key to incorporate the optical layer switching into the future digital infrastructure.
Nonlinear Pre-Distortion in DML-based OFDM Transmission Enabled by Low-Complexity Sparse Volterra Filtering
Authors: Ku Kuang-Yu , Yu Yu-Cheng , Chi Shiuan-Mao , Wei Chia-Chien
Published: April 2022

A nonlinear pre-distorter is proposed in DML-based OFDM transmission. The complexity of pre-distorter is reduced by > 90% using the ℓ0-regularization, ℓ1-regularization, or re-orthogonalization, and the data rate is still increased by > 50% after ≥ 150-km fiber.
Thin-Film Lithium Niobate DP-IQ Modulator for Driverless 130 Gbaud 64 QAM Transmission
Authors: Xu Mengyue , Pittalà Fabio , Tang Jin , Zhu Yuntao , He Mingbo , Ng Wing Chau , Ruan Ziliang , Tang Xuefeng , Kuschnerov Maxim , Liu Liu , Yu Siyuan , Zheng Bofang , Cai Xinlun
Published: April 2022

We report the first integrated LN DP-IQ modulator with 1-V Vπ and electro-optic response with 1.7 dB roll-off at 67 GHz. We achieve 1.56 Tb/s line rate without electrical driver using 130 GBaud DP-64QAM.
Highly Reliable Organic Polymer Optical Modulators
Authors: Yokoyama Shiyoshi , Lu Guo-Wei , Sato Hiromu , Mao Jiawei , Bannaron Alisa
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate a >100 Gbaud transmission using a thermo-physically enhanced EO polymer modulator. The error-free signal over a distance of 2.0 km was successfully demonstrated under high-temperature exposure at up to 110°C.
Generation and transmission of 160-Gbaud QPSK Coherent Signals using a Dual-Drive Plasmonic-Organic Hybrid I/Q modulator on Silicon Photonics
Authors: Mardoyan Haïk , Jorge Filipe , Destraz Marcel , Duval Bernadette , Bitachon Bertold , Horst Yannik , Benyahya Kaoutar , Blache Fabrice , Goix Michel , De Leo Eva , Habegger Patrick , Meier Norbert , Del Medico Nino , Tedaldi Valentino , Funck Christian , Güsken Nicholas , Leuthold Juerg , Renaudier Jéremie , Hoessbacher Claudia , Heni Wolfgang , Baeuerle Benedikt
Published: April 2022

We report on coherent transmission of beyond 100 GBd signaling based on plasmonic technology. Using dual-drive plasmonic-organic-hybrid I/Q modulator on silicon photonics platform, we demonstrate the successful transmission of 160-GBaud QPSK and 140-GBaud 16QAM modulations.
Multi-Fiber Cylindrical Ferrule for Remote Rotary Optical Fiber Switching
Authors: Fukai Chisato , Abe Yoshiteru , Katayama Kazunori
Published: April 2022

We devise a multi-fiber cylindrical ferrule for a rotary optical switch. We design the ferrule to achieve the equivalent loss to a conventional optical connector, and show the optical switching properties of the fabricated ferrule.
Lightning-Related ELF Transients as a Potential Source of Rapid State of Polarization Changes in Shielded OPGW
Authors: Santos J. A. , Moore R. C. , Snider W. C. , Doucet D. , Charlton D.
Published: April 2022

This paper demonstrates that typical lightning currents cannot produce observed rapid state of polarization changes in shielded optical ground wires. Lightning flashes associated with large extremely-low-frequency components, however, are capable of doing so.
Dynamic and Efficient Point-to-Point and Point-to-Multipoint Communications by Slicing the Optical Constellation
Authors: Iqbal M. , Ruiz M. , Costa N. , Napoli A. , Pedro J. , Velasco L.
Published: April 2022

Optical Constellation Slicing is proposed to convey heterogenous traffic from a source to multiple destinations, while supporting dynamic capacity allocation. Illustrative numerical results reveal the potential of the proposed scheme, while providing significant cost reduction.
800-Gbps PAM-4 2-km Transmission using 4-λ LAN-WDMTOSA with MLSE based on Deep Neural Network
Authors: Taniguchi Hiroki , Yamamoto Shuto , Masuda Akira , Kisaka Yoshiaki , Kanazawa Shigeru
Published: April 2022

We propose an MLSE based on a deep neural network that estimates nonlinear channel responses. We demonstrate 224-Gbps/λ 2-km transmission using 4-λ LAN-WDM TOSA and the proposed method with a BER below the HD-FEC limit.
Polarization Crosstalk Reduction by Successive Interference Cancellation for Polarization-Tracking-Free PDM Radio over Fiber Mobile Fronthaul System
Authors: Lin Chang-Ying , Yan Jhih-Heng , Chen Kuan-Heng , Feng Kai-Ming
Published: April 2022

We propose a novel polarization-tracking-free PDM fiber-wireless mobile fronthaul system by using SIC to reduce the crosstalk caused by imperfect PDM demultiplexing. Our experimental results show this proposed PDM demultiplexing scheme greatly relieves spectral limitation.
Core and Wavelength Allocation of Sending-or-not-sending Quantum Key Distribution for Future Metropolitan Networks over Multicore Fiber
Authors: Kong Weiwen , Sun Yongmei , Gao Yaoxian , Ji Yuefeng
Published: April 2022

We propose core and wavelength allocation schemes of SNS-QKD for future metropolitan transmission over multicore fiber. Experiments verify that the proposed schemes can suppress noise photons up to 57.54% compared to conventional channel allocation.
Full Spectrum b-Modulation of Time-Limited Signals Using Linear Programming
Authors: Wahls Sander
Published: April 2022

We present the first method for the joint modulation of the continuous and the discrete nonlinear Fourier spectrum of finite duration signals.
Free-Space Coupling Type Fan-in/Fan-out Device for 4-Core Fiber with Low Insertion Loss
Authors: Kiriyama T. , Iwasaki K. , Kito K. , Kato T.
Published: April 2022

We present a pair of free-space coupling type fan-in and fan-out devices for 4-core fiber having an insertion loss of 0.42 dB or less within C-band over the range of -10 to 70°C.
Demonstration of WDM-Enabled Ultralow-Energy Photonic Edge Computing
Authors: Sludds Alexander , Hamerly Ryan , Bandyopadhyay Saumil , Zhong Zhizhen , Chen Zaijun , Bernstein Liane , Ghobadi Manya , Englund Dirk
Published: April 2022

We present experimental demonstrations of ultra-low power edge computing enabled by wavelength division multiplexed optical links and time-integrating optical receivers. Initial experimentation demonstrations show ≲ 10 fJ of optical energy per MAC.
40GBaud PAM4 silicon Mach-Zehnder modulator boosted by a heterogeneously integrated SOA with 10dB-gain
Authors: Menezo S. , Yong Z. , Froberger K. , Thiessen T. , Mak J. C.C. , Coarer F. Denis-le , Peyrou M. , Milord L. , Da Fonseca J. , Jany C. , Grosse P. , Mazur F. , Poon J. K. S.
Published: April 2022

We report a silicon IQ modulator integrated with a III-V/Si semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) at the output. We demonstrate 40GBaud PAM4 operation of one of the Mach Zehnder modulators with an SOA gain of 10dB.
Considerations for Silicon Photonics Process Technologies in a Commercial Foundry Environment
Authors: Preisler Edward , Rezaie Farnood , Qamar Yasir , Pathirane Minoli , Soltanmohammad Sina , Tang Ron , Martynov Oleg
Published: April 2022

Aspects of silicon photonics process technologies intended for high volume production in a traditional silicon electronics-driven foundry environment are discussed. Both technological and economical challenges associated with this juxtaposition of a complex, non-standard process technology, inside of a factory geared for producing thousands of standardized electronics-based wafers per month, are described in detail.
Experimental Demonstration of 200 Gb/s/λ Coherent PON with a Low-Complexity Receiver and a Multi-purpose Neural Network
Authors: Zhang Dongxu , Hu Xiaofeng , Huang Xiaoan , Zhang Kaibin
Published: April 2022

We experimentally evaluate a single-BPD-based polarization-insensitive coherent receiver for 200 Gb/s/λ PON. A neural network is used as a joint equalizer and Alamouti decoder. A 29 dB power budget is achieved with 20 km transmission.
Experimental Demonstration of 100/200-Gb/s/λ PON Downstream Transmission Using Simplified Coherent Receivers
Authors: Faruk Md Saifuddin , Li Xiang , Savory Seb J.
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate 100- and 200-Gb/s/λ line-rate PON downstream transmission considering Alamouti-coded 16QAM signal with a single-polarization heterodyne receiver. The power budget is experimentally evaluated for both single-ended and balanced detection considering 25 km reach.
927-km End-to-End Interoperable 400-GbEthernet Optical Communications through 2-km 400GBASE-FR4, 8x100-km 400G-OpenROADM and 125-km 400-ZR Fiber Lines
Authors: Pincemin E. , Loussouarn Y. , Sotomayor A. , Losio G. , McCarthy M. , Nelson L. , Malik A. , Riggs I. , Nielsen T. , Williams T. , Gaibazzi A. , Zhang L. , Way W. , Courchesne F. , Vasconcellos M.
Published: April 2022

For the first time, we report an end-to-end interoperable optical transmission of 400-GbE data flows on 927-km through 2-km 400GBASE-FR4, 8x100-km 400G-OpenROADM and 125-km 400-ZR fiber line sections that use the latest developed 400G QSFP-DD and CFP2 optics.
THz Integrated Circuit with a Pixel Array to Multiplex Two 10-Gbit/s QPSK Channels Each on a Different OAM Beam for Mode-Division-Multiplexing
Authors: Su Xinzhou , Song Hao , Zhou Huibin , Zou Kaiheng , Duan Yuxiang , Karapetyan Narek , Zhang Runzhou , Minoofar Amir , Song Haoqian , Pang Kai , Zach Shlomo , Molisch Andreas F. , Tur Moshe , Willner Alan E.
Published: April 2022

We design and fabricate a pixel-array-based THz integrated circuit for the generation and multiplexing of multiple OAM beams. We experimentally demonstrate a 20-Gbit/s QPSK free-space THz link at 0.317 THz by multiplexing OAM +1 and –1 using the integrated circuit.
High Electrical Spectral Efficiency Silicon Photonic Receiver with Carrier-Assisted Differential Detection
Authors: Li Jingchi , Wang Zhen , Ji Honglin , Li Xingfeng , Chen Haoshuo , Unnithan Ranjith Rajasekharan , Shieh William , Su Yikai
Published: April 2022

We experimentally demonstrate a silicon photonic carrier-assisted differential detection receiver with a single-polarization 224-Gb/s 16-QAM signal transmitted through 80-km SMF. For an integrated direct detection receiver with transmission demonstration, we achieve the highest electrical spectral efficiency/# of polarizations of 6.4 (net 4.6) b/s/Hz.
Real-Time MIMO Transmission over Field-Deployed Coupled-Core Multi-Core Fibers
Authors: Mazur M. , Ryf R. , Fontaine N. K. , Marotta A. , Börjeson E. , Dallachiesa L. , Chen H. , Hayashi T. , Nagashima T. , Nakanishi T. , Morishima T. , Graziosi F. , Palmieri L. , Neilson D. T. , Larsson-Edefors P. , Mecozzi A. , Antonelli C.
Published: April 2022

We perform parallel continuous measurements of deployed SDM fibers u sing real-time coherent receivers implemented on FPGAs. Fast readouts enabling real-time tracking of the DSP implementation, showing that coupled-core fibers are compatible with real-time DSP implementations.
First Demonstration of Crosstalk-Free (< -38.5 dB) 32-ch DWDM Demultiplexer on Standard Si PIC Platform
Authors: Akiyama Tomoyuki , Nishizawa Motoyuki , Sugama Akio , Nakasha Yasuhiro , Tanaka Shinsuke , Tanaka Yu , Hoshida Takeshi
Published: April 2022

Enabled by a fully integrated autonomous calibration mechanism, crosstalk-free 32-ch WDM demultiplexer on standard Si PIC platform is demonstrated for the first time. Compatible with the vast component libraries of standard Si PIC platform, this device provides a path to ultrahigh-capacity integrated DWDM transceivers.
0.174 dB/km Hollow Core Double Nested Antiresonant Nodeless Fiber (DNANF)
Authors: Jasion Gregory T , Sakr Hesham , Hayes John R , Sandoghchi Seyed Reza , Hooper Lucy , Fokoua Eric Numkam , Saljoghei Arsalan , Mulvad Hans Christian , Alonso Marcelo , Taranta Austin , Bradley Thomas D , Davidson Ian A , Chen Yong , Richardson David J , Poletti Francesco
Published: April 2022

We report the first double-nested antiresonant hollow core fiber. The
fiber matches the loss of commercial solid core fibers in the C-band
(0.174 dB/km) and fundamentally improves it (0.22 dB/km) in the
O-band.
High power BDF/EDF hybrid amplifier providing 27 dB gain over 90 nm in the E+S band
Authors: Maes Frédéric , Sharma Manish , Wang Lixian , Jiang Zhiping
Published: April 2022

A hybrid amplifier based on bismuth-doped fiber and erbium-doped fiber, producing > 27 dB gain and 24.5 dBm of output power from 1431 nm to 1521 nm, is reported. This demonstration showcases the potential of bismuth-doped fibers in opening new wavelength transmission windows.
Behavioral PAM-4 VCSEL Model using Stochastic Multimode Rate Equations for Link Design Optimization
Authors: Melgar Alirio , Thomas V. A. , Klein Benjamin D.B. , Kalifa Itshak , Bakopoulos Paraskevas , Mentovich Elad , Ralph Stephen E.
Published: April 2022

A stochastic multimode laser model aimed at optimizing optical links is proposed. The model simulates experimental results from commercial VCSELs and depicts transverse mode effects that are increasingly important in high-speed PAM-4 links.
Multipoint-to-point data aggregation using a single receiver and frequency-multiplexed intensity-modulated ONUs
Authors: Zhou Zichuan , Wei Jinlong , Clark Kari A. , Sillekens Eric , Deakin Callum , Sohanpal Ronit , Luo Yuan , Slavík Radan , Liu Zhixin
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate 2.5-GHz-spaced frequency multiplexing capable of aggregating 64 intensity-modulated end-users using low-speed electronic and optoelectronic components. All optical network units (ONUs) achieved high per-user capacity with dedicated optical bands, enabling future low latency applications.
Demonstration of Industrial-grade Passive Optical Network
Authors: Christodoulopoulos K. , Bidkar S. , Lautenschlaeger W. , Pfeiffer Th. , Bonk R.
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate a TDM-PON operating according to industrial-grade standards. Using a suitably configured PON-MAC and jitter compensation we achieved constant low latency upstream transmission and successful interworking with a TSN network and time-critical flows.
Semiconductor laser stabilized by a photonic integrated 4 meter coil-waveguide resonator
Authors: Liu Kaikai , Chauhan Nitesh , Wang Jiawei , Isichenko Andrei , Brodnik Grant M. , Morton Paul A. , Behunin Ryan , Papp Scott B. , Blumenthal Daniel J.
Published: April 2022

We stabilize a semiconductor laser to a photonic-integrated, Si3N4, 4 meter coil resonator, achieving thermorefractive-noise-limited frequency noise. The laser exhibits a record low 87 Hz 1/π and 2.1 kHz β-separation integral linewidth and 2.6×10-13 fractional frequency stability.
Nanosecond-scale Hitless λ-switching of SOA-integrated Electro-optically Tunable RTF Laser with +/-2.5-GHz Dynamic Frequency Accuracy
Authors: Ueda Yuta , Saito Yusuke , Shindo Takahiko , Kanazawa Shigeru , Kobayashi Wataru , Matsuzaki Hideaki , Ishikawa Mitsuteru
Published: April 2022

We developed an SOA-integrated electro-optically tunable RTF laser with suppressed spurious wavelengths during dynamic tuning. The laser exhibited hitless (no interference with other channels) nanosecond-scale λ-switching for 128-Gbps coherent signals.
Optical Neuromorphic Processor at 11 TeraOPs/s based on Kerr Soliton Crystal Micro-combs
Authors: Tan Mengxi , Xu Xingyuan , Wu Jiayang , Boes Andreas , Corcoran Bill , Nguyen Thach G. , Chu Sai T. , Little Brent E. , Hicks Damien G. , Morandotti Roberto , Mitchell Arnan , Moss David J.
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate a universal optical vector convolutional accelerator operating at 11 Tera-OPS, generating convolutions of images of 250,000 pixels with 8-bit resolution for 10 kernels simultaneously. We use the same hardware to form a deep optical CNN with ten output neurons, achieving successful recognition of full 10 digits with 88% accuracy. Our approach is scalable and trainable for applications to unmanned vehicle and real-time video recognition.
Quantum Key Distribution in the Service Provider Network
Authors: White Catherine , Wonfor Adrian , Wright Paul , Salas Emilio Hugues , Lord Andrew
Published: April 2022

We review and discuss the practicalities of integrating Quantum Key Distribution within the service provider fiber network.
Terahertz Band Data Communications using Dielectric Rod Waveguide
Authors: Ali Muhsin , Tebart Jonas , Rivera-Lavado Alejandro , Lioubtchenko Dmitri , Garcia-Muñoz Luis Enrique , Stöhr Andreas , Carpintero Guillermo
Published: April 2022

A terahertz data link is presented using dielectric rod waveguide (DRW) at 300 GHz and complex modulations for speeds up to 120 Gbps. Performance comparison with WR-3 rectangular waveguide validates the low-dispersion behaviour of DRW.
Design Analysis of a High-Speed Directly Modulated Laser with Push-Pull Silicon Ring Modulators
Authors: Li Chenlei , Teng Min , Wu Hao , Cheng Ning , Zheng Xuezhe
Published: April 2022

We design and analyze a novel high-speed directly-modulated laser combining a pair of push-pull ring modulators. The mechanism of push-pull modulators makes the laser immune to phase-change induced wavelength chirp and other cavity-related modulation penalties.
GHz high-power MUTC waveguide photodiode for 1310 nm
Authors: Yu Fengxin , Sun Keye , Gao Junyi , Beling Andreas
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate evanescently coupled modified uni-traveling carrier (MUTC) waveguide photodiodes for 1310 nm wavelength with saturation photocurrent >20 mA and high radio frequency (RF) output power of 5.7 dBm at 30 GHz.
Performance enhanced BOTDA sensor using Differential Golay Coding and Deconvolution Algorithm
Authors: Wei Weilun , Shen Li , Zhao Zhiyong , Zhao Can , Tang Ming
Published: April 2022

A novel BOTDA sensor that uses differential Golay coding and deconvolution algorithm is demonstrated utilizing conventional coded BOTDA sensors system, which paves the way to enable both long sensing range and high spatial resolution simultaneously.
Datacenter-Carrier Cooperation over Optical Networks during Disaster Recovery
Authors: Sahoo Subhadeep , Xu Sugang , Ferdousi Sifat , Hirota Yusuke , Tornatore Massimo , Awaji Yoshinari , Mukherjee Biswanath
Published: April 2022

A novel cooperation strategy among DC service provider and carriers (operating optical networks) is proposed for disaster recovery. This cooperation improves service restoration by 70% w.r.t. benchmark methods for typical scenarios, with reduced cost.
Optical Multi-Path Interference Noise Mitigation for 56 Gb/s PAM4 IMDD Transmission System
Authors: Huang Chuanming , Song Haiping , Cheng Mengfan , Yang Qi , Tang Ming , Liu Deming , Deng Lei
Published: April 2022

We experimentally demonstrate two multi-path-interference (MPI) mitigation algorithms that can effectively suppress the MPI noise in 56Gb/s PAM4 signal transmission over 15.5km SSMF system, under the signal-to-interference ratio of 18dB and laser linewidth of 4MHz.
Comparison of Transmitter Nonlinearity Impairments in externally modulated Sigma-Delta-over Fiber vs Analog Radio-over-Fiber links
Authors: Olofsson Frida , Aabel Lise , Karlsson Magnus , Fager Christian
Published: April 2022

Sigma-Delta-over-Fiber and Analog-Radio-over-Fiber are compared in terms of non-linearity impairments in a transmitter with external optical modulation. The results show that Sigma-Delta-over-Fiber is more robust towards nonlinear characteristics in the modulator.
A Simple and Accurate Method to Estimate the Nonlinear Performance of VCSEL IM-DD System
Authors: Yang Chengwu , Ye Tong , Zhang Ke , Tao Zhenning , Nakashima Hisao , Hoshida Takeshi
Published: April 2022

We experimentally demonstrated that, for VCSEL IM-DD systems, spectrum of nonlinear distortion can be accurately measured by adding frequency-domain notch, even the stimulus is non-Gaussian. With measured spectrum, nonlinear performance was estimated accurately.
Impact of Local Oscillator Phase Noise on Long-Haul Transmission of 120-Gbaud Digital Sub-Carrier Signals
Authors: Saito Kohei , Nakamura Masanori , Sasai Takeo , Kakizaki Takeshi , Hamaoka Fukutaro , Kobayashi Takayuki , Yamazaki Etsushi , Kisaka Yoshiaki
Published: April 2022

The EEPN penalty was measured separately from other factors in 5120-km transmission of 120-Gbaud 16QAM signal for different LO lasers. Digital subcarrier multiplexing suppressed the EEPN-induced NGMI deterioration by ~0.4 at 102,400 ps/nm.
Degradation mechanisms and lifetime assessment of Ge Vertical PIN photodetectors
Authors: Croes Kristof , Simons Veerle , Truijen Brecht , Roussel Philippe , Van Sever Koen , Tsiara Artemisia , Franco Jacopo , Absil Philippe
Published: April 2022

Dark current degradation mechanisms in Ge VPIN photodetectors were studied. A methodology to estimate the failure percentages has been developed and applied. Degradation/recovery processes and Ea-decrease of Idark after stress suggest increased TAT during degradation.
Impact of GAWBS in Communication Systems
Authors: Bolshtyansky Maxim , Cai Jin-Xing
Published: April 2022

Guided acoustic wave Brillouin scattering (GAWBS) in modern communication system is overviewed. We discuss induced penalties, GAWBS scattering coefficient estimation, GAWBS detection, compensation, and modeling of various aspects of GAWBS.
Any-Double-Link Failure Tolerant Bypass/Backup Switchable WDM-PON Employing Path-Pair Shared Protection and Bidirectional Wavelength Pre-assignment
Authors: Kodama Takahiro , Nakagawa Tomoya , Matsumoto Ryosuke
Published: April 2022

We propose two-of-four long-link failure tolerant path-pair shared protection and bi-directional wavelength pre-assignment for robust bypass/backup-path switchable wavelength-division multiplexing based coherent optical access network systems that experimentally achieve < 2-dB penalty for any double-link failure.
Low-complexity Channel-polarized Multilevel Coding for Probabilistic Amplitude Shaping
Authors: Kakizaki Takeshi , Nakamura Masanori , Hamaoka Fukutaro , Kisaka Yoshiaki
Published: April 2022

We propose a low-complexity FEC scheme for PAS, which applies SD-FEC to unreliable bits converted by channel polarization. It reduces the complexity by up to 83% compared with changing the decoding iterations in PAS.
Implementation of Machine Learning-based Emergency Communication Using RoFSO-VLC/RF Convergence link
Authors: Song Song , Liu Xiangyu , Liu Yejun , Wu Junxian , Wu Tingwei , Guo Lei
Published: April 2022

This paper firstly experimentally demonstrates an ease of deployment integrated system to provide communication services for emergency responders, which employs machine-learning-based Radio-over-FSO system for outdoor fronthaul network and hybrid VLC/RF system for indoor access network.
Using Received-Signal-Strength (RSS) Pre-Processing and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to Enhance Position Accuracy in Visible Light Positioning (VLP)
Authors: Hsu Li-Sheng , Tsai Deng-Cheng , Chen Hei Man , Chang Yun-Han , Liu Yang , Chow Chi-Wai , Song Shao-Hua , Yeh Chien-Hung
Published: April 2022

We propose and demonstrate a received-signal-strength (RSS) pre-processing scheme to mitigate light-deficient-region occurred in visible-light-positioning (VLP) and convolutional-neural-network (CNN) to enhance VLP performance. The RSS pre-processing and CNN model are discussed.
Multiband Optical Switch Technology
Authors: Goh Takashi , Yamaguchi Keita , Yanagihara Ai
Published: April 2022

We developed a multiband switch element using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with π shift utilizing wide and narrow waveguides for large fabrication tolerance. The fabricated 8 × 8 matrix switch using the element exhibited switch extinction ratios of more than 47 dB in wavelength from 1260 to 1675 nm. The average insertion loss was 1.8 dB including fiber coupling losses. © 2022 The Author(s)
Ultralow-Loss, Plug-and-Play Hollow-Core Fiber Interconnection
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Jia Anqing , Hong Yifeng , Ding Wei , Gao Shoufei , Wang Yingying
Published: April 2022

An ultralow-loss, plug-and-play single-mode hollow-core fiber (HCF) connector is developed. Insertion loss of 0.13 dB and 0.10 dB for HCF to itself @1550 nm and to a standard single-mode fiber @1489 nm, respectively, is demonstrated.
Experimental Assessment of Capacity Prediction from G-SNR measurements for Submarine Systems
Authors: Meseguer Alexis Carbo , Antona Jean-Christophe , Esparza Juan Uriel , Calsat Alain , Plantady Philippe , Quintana Andrea , Letellier Vincent
Published: April 2022

We experimentally assessed that total net throughput of submarine cables can be predicted from G-SNR measurements with inaccuracy <3% when the system is operated close or below the nonlinear threshold using probabilistic constellation shaping modulation formats. © 2022 The Author(s)
Temperature Tolerant On-Chip WDM Silicon Photonic Transmitter and AWGR-based Routing Interconnects
Authors: Roumpos I. , Chrysostomidis T. , Grimaldi V. , Zanetto F. , Toso F. , De Heyn P. , Ban Y. , Van Campenhout J. , Ferrari G. , Sampietro M. , Morichetti F. , Melloni A. , Vyrsokinos K. , Alexoudi T. , Pleros N. , Moralis-Pegios M.
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate automated thermal drift compensation in a two-socket AWGR interconnect, incorporating a ring-modulator transmitter. Stable operation with an average Q=5.8 over a range of 9οC is achieved for 25 Gb/s on-chip modulated data.
Ultralow-loss Silicon Nitride Waveguides for Parametric Amplification
Authors: Torres-Company Victor , Ye Zhichao , Zhao Ping , Karlsson Magnus , Andrekson Peter A.
Published: April 2022

We report net gain in a continuous-wave-pumped parametric amplifier implemented in a meter-long dispersion-engineered silicon nitride waveguide. These results are enabled by the record-low loss (1.4dB/m) of the waveguide. © 2022 The Author(s)
Pupil apodization in digital holographic microscopy for reduction of coherent imaging effects
Authors: Messinis Christos , Adhikary Manashee , Cromwijk Tamar , van Schaijk Theodorus T. M. , Witte Stefan , de Boer Johannes F. , den Boef Arie
Published: April 2022

A dark-field Digital Holographic Microscope with a single lens for imaging is a potential candidate for future overlay metrology on semiconductor wafers. Aberrations caused by this single lens are computationally corrected allowing high-resolution imaging over a large wavelength range. However, the spatially-coherent imaging conditions in our microscope introduce coherent imaging artifacts that can limit the metrology performance. We present computational apodization of the optical field in the exit pupil of the lens as a potentially effective solution to mitigate these coherent imaging effects. A comparison of experimental data and simulations is presented that demonstrates the importance of this apodization in metrology applications. Moreover, our data also shows that exploiting the full potential of DHM requires an imaging lens with low optical scattering levels.
Nonlinear quantum spectroscopy with parity–time-symmetric integrated circuits
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Saravi Sina , Pertsch Thomas , Setzpfandt Frank , Sukhorukov Andrey A.
Published: April 2022

We propose a novel quantum nonlinear interferometer design that incorporates a passive parity–time (PT)-symmetric coupler sandwiched between two nonlinear sections where signal–idler photon pairs are generated. The PT symmetry enables efficient coupling of the longer-wavelength idler photons and facilitates the sensing of losses in the second waveguide exposed to analyte under investigation, whose absorption can be inferred by measuring only the signal intensity at a shorter wavelength where efficient detectors are readily available. Remarkably, we identify a new phenomenon of sharp signal intensity fringe shift at critical idler loss values, which is distinct from the previously studied PT symmetry breaking. We discuss how such unconventional properties arising from quantum interference can provide a route to enhancing the sensing of analytes and facilitate broadband spectroscopy applications in integrated photonic platforms.
Critical weaknesses in shielding strategies for COVID-19
Authors: Smith Cameron A. , Yates Christian A. , Ashby Ben
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has led to a wide range of non-pharmaceutical interventions being implemented around the world to curb transmission. However, the economic and social costs of some of these measures, especially lockdowns, has been high. An alternative and widely discussed public health strategy for the COVID-19 pandemic would have been to ‘shield’ those most vulnerable to COVID-19 (minimising their contacts with others), while allowing infection to spread among lower risk individuals with the aim of reaching herd immunity. Here we retrospectively explore the effectiveness of this strategy using a stochastic SEIR framework, showing that even under the unrealistic assumption of perfect shielding, hospitals would have been rapidly overwhelmed with many avoidable deaths among lower risk individuals. Crucially, even a small (20%) reduction in the effectiveness of shielding would have likely led to a large increase (>150%) in the number of deaths compared to perfect shielding. Our findings demonstrate that shielding the vulnerable while allowing infections to spread among the wider population would not have been a viable public health strategy for COVID-19 and is unlikely to be effective for future pandemics.
Plant growth and phytoactive alkaloid synthesis in kratom [Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.)] in response to varying radiance
Authors: Zhang Mengzi , Sharma Abhisheak , León Francisco , Avery Bonnie , Kjelgren Roger , McCurdy Christopher R. , Pearson Brian J.
Published: April 2022

Leaves harvested from kratom [Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.)] have a history of use as a traditional ethnobotanical medicine to combat fatigue and improve work productivity in Southeast Asia. In recent years, increased interest in the application and use of kratom has emerged globally, including North America, for its potential application as an alternative source of medicine for pain management and opioid withdrawal syndrome mitigation. Although the chemistry and pharmacology of major kratom alkaloids, mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine, are well documented, foundational information on the impact of plant production environment on growth and kratom alkaloids synthesis is unavailable. To directly address this need, kratom plant growth, leaf chlorophyll content, and alkaloid concentration were evaluated under three lighting conditions: field full sun (FLD-Sun), greenhouse unshaded (GH-Unshaded), and greenhouse shaded (GH-Shaded). Nine kratom alkaloids were quantified using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method. Greenhouse cultivation generally promoted kratom height and width extension by 93–114% and 53–57%, respectively, compared to FLD-Sun. Similarly, total leaf area and leaf number were increased by 118–160% and 54–80% under such conditions. Average leaf size of plants grown under GH-Shaded was 41 and 69% greater than GH-Unshaded and FLD-Sun, respectively; however, no differences were observed between GH-Unshaded and FLD-Sun treatments. At the termination of the study, total leaf chlorophyll a+b content of FLD-Sun was 17–23% less than those grown in the greenhouse. Total leaf dry mass was maximized when cultivated in the greenhouse and was 89–91% greater than in the field. Leaf content of four alkaloids to include speciociliatine, mitraphylline, corynantheidine, and isocorynantheidine were not significantly impacted by lighting conditions, whereas 7-hydroxymitragynine was below the lower limit of quantification across all treatments. However, mitragynine, paynantheine, and corynoxine concentration per leaf dry mass were increased by 40%, 35%, and 111%, respectively, when cultivated under GH-Shaded compared to FLD-Sun. Additionally, total alkaloid yield per plant was maximized and nearly tripled for several alkaloids when plants were cultivated under such conditions. Furthermore, rapid, non-destructive chlorophyll evaluation correlated well (r2 = 0.68) with extracted chlorophyll concentrations. Given these findings, production efforts where low-light conditions can be implemented are likely to maximize plant biomass and total leaf alkaloid production.
Effect of chicken manure and chemical fertilizer on the yield and qualities of white mugwort at dissimilar harvesting times
Authors: Thepsilvisut Ornprapa , Chutimanukul Preuk , Sae-Tan Sudathip , Ehara Hiroshi
Published: April 2022

One of the key components that affects soil productiveness, plant growth, and crop quality is fertilization. The effect of fertilizer, both organic and chemical, on the extremely acidic (pH 4.10) sandy loam soil chemical properties, yield, and quality of white mugwort grown were evaluated in this study. The field experiment arranged in a randomized complete block design, with four replications was conducted in Prachin Buri province, Thailand. There were six treatments, no fertilization (control), chemical fertilizer (25-7-7 + 46-0-0) applied at 187.50 (66.56 N:6.77 P2O5:6.77 K2O kg ha-1) kg ha-1 and applied at 375.00 (133.12 N:13.13 P2O5:13.13 K2O kg ha-1) kg ha-1, chicken manure applied at 3.36, 6.72, and 10.08 t ha-1. After harvesting, application of chicken manure tended to increase soil organic matter compared to the control, however, the application of chemical fertilizer did not show the same effect. The fresh weight of white mugwort increased with the rise in both fertilizer levels. Chicken manure application at 10.08 t ha-1 produced the highest fresh weight at all times. The level of accumulated nitrate was significantly greater when fertilizer rates increased. In addition, the total phenolic content of the white mugwort fertilized with chicken manure was higher than that fertilized with chemical fertilizer. However, there was no association between the DPPH radical scavenging capacity at harvesting times and different fertilization. Based on the results, chicken manure applied at 10.08 t ha-1 gave the best yield and higher total phenolic content of white mugwort, which was probably due to the improved soil organic matter.
Retrospective study of factors associated with late detection of oral cancer in alberta: A qualitative study
Authors: Badri Parvaneh , Baracos Vickie , Ganatra Seema , Lai Hollis , Samim Firoozeh , Amin Maryam
Published: April 2022

Oral cancer continues to be diagnosed in advanced stages, giving patients lower chances of survival. The objective of this study was to explore reasons for delayed diagnosis of oral cancer in Alberta. A retrospective qualitative design was implemented through seven steps suggested for conducting a narrative clinical document. Data was retrieved from the Alberta Cancer Registry database between 2005 and 2017. A sample of initial consultation notes (ICN) of oral and oropharyngeal cancer patients were identified through a purposeful sampling method and added to the study until saturation was achieved. A deductive analysis approach inspired by the model pathways to treatment health care provider (HCP) was employed. From the 34 ICN included in our analysis, five main categories were identified: appraisal interval, help-seeking interval, diagnosis interval, pre-treatment interval, and other contributing factors such as health-related behaviours, system delay, and tumor characteristics. These factors negatively contributed to early detection of oral and oropharyngeal cancers and affect treatment wait time with patients, providers, and the healthcare system. Patient’s lack of awareness, provider’s oversight and prolonged access to care were the main reasons of delay in cancer diagnosis and management in our study. A sustainable plan for public awareness interventions and implementation of a solid curriculum for medical and dental students is needed to enhance their related knowledge, competence in clinical judgement, and treatment managements.
Techno-economic modelling of hybrid energy system to overcome the load shedding problem: A case study of Pakistan
Authors: Bakht Muhammad Paend , Salam Zainal , Bhatti Abdul Rauf , Ullah Sheikh Usman , Khan Nuzhat , Anjum Waqas
Published: April 2022

This paper demonstrates the application of hybrid energy system (HES) that comprises of photovoltaic (PV) array, battery storage system (BSS) and stand-by diesel generator (DGen) to mitigate the problem of load shedding. The main work involves techno-economic modelling to optimize the size of HES such that the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) is minimized. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to determine the optimum size of the components (PV, BSS). Simulations are performed in MATLAB using real dataset of irradiance, temperature and load shedding schedule of the small residential community situated in the city of Quetta, Pakistan. The LCOE for the HES system under study is 8.32 cents/kWh—which is lower than the conventional load shedding solution, namely the uninterruptable power supply (UPS) (13.06 cents/kWh) and diesel and generator system (29.19 cents/kWh). In fact, the LCOE of the HRES is lower than the grid electricity price of Pakistan (9.3 cents/kWh). Besides that, the HES alleviates the grid burden by 47.9% and 13.1% compared to the solution using the UPS and generator, respectively. The outcomes of the study suggests that HES is able to improve reliability and availability of electric power for regions that is affected by the load shedding issue.
Acceptability of the voice your values, an advance care planning intervention in persons living with mild dementia using videoconferencing technology
Authors: Vellani Shirin , Puts Martine , Iaboni Andrea , McGilton Katherine S.
Published: April 2022

Advance care planning (ACP) can improve outcomes for persons living with dementia (PLwD). Clinicians see the lack of acceptability of these conversations as a barrier to ACP in individuals with mild dementia. COVID-19 pandemic has magnified the need for ACP discussions in older adults, particularly for those living with dementia. In light of the pandemic, much of the healthcare is provided virtually, but little evidence exists on how to best implement ACP virtually. We designed Voice Your Values (VYV), a tailored ACP intervention for persons living with mild dementia and their trusted individuals such as friends or family. Purpose Determine the acceptability of the VYV intervention, in terms of its content and the potential utility of videoconferencing to deliver it. Methods For this pilot study, we recruited 21 dyads of older adults with mild dementia and their trusted individuals from five geriatric clinics in Ontario, Canada. The tailored VYV intervention was delivered to dyads over two sessions over videoconferencing. Acceptability was assessed using scores on a modified Treatment Evaluation Inventory. The interventionist diary and Researcher Virtual Experience Questionnaire were used to examine facilitators and barriers, whereas Participant Virtual Experience Questionnaire was used to understand their experience. Qualitative data was analyzed using inductive content analysis. Results 100% of the participants rated VYV as acceptable. Participants and researcher rated video and sound quality highly. PLwD who lived with their trusted individuals were more likely to find the intervention acceptable (t = 3.559, p = 0.001, β = 0.323). Five interrelated themes were established that describe the acceptability of the virtually delivered VYV intervention. All PLwD were able to articulate their values and wishes related to being in a terminal and vegetative states and had them documented. Conclusion The virtual VYV intervention was an acceptable approach to ACP in older adults with mild dementia and their trusted individuals.
Rare orchid species in Malaysia: New records, recollections and amended descriptions
Authors: Besi Edward Entalai , Hooi Wai Keong , Sylvester Pungga Runi , Yong Christina Seok Yien , Mustafa Muskhazli , Go Rusea
Published: April 2022

Paphiopedilum exul,Calanthe chrysoglossoides, andLuisia brachystachysare reported here as new records for Malaysia, whereasBryobium cordiferumsubsp.borneense,Habenaria rostellifera, andTaeniophyllum rugulosumare three rare orchid species recollected from Sarawak, Perlis, and Perak, respectively. This paper highlights brief descriptions and photographic illustrations of each species for easy identification. Besides, notes on morphological comparisons with the closely related species and artificial taxonomic keys are included as well.
Popular music in family contexts: Broadening the definition through a review of literature
Authors: Sole Meryl , Calì Claudia
Published: April 2022

In this article, we review literature documenting the presence and use of popular music within family contexts. After providing a definition of family from a psychological perspective, we present studies that explore popular music in traditionally structured families across the lifespan. We continue by exploring bands with members who share blood ties and progress to analyse contexts in which popular music provides space for sharing meaningful interactions and for developing feelings of family identity, such as nursing homes, homeless shelters and prisons. Considerations for the use of popular music in everyday life and implications for music education are provided.
Where do our music preferences come from? Family influences on music across childhood, adolescence and early adulthood
Authors: Lamont Alexandra , Crich Jessica
Published: April 2022

While much is known about the influence of peers and parents in developing musical memories and preferences, the wider family context has not yet been considered. We present novel empirical evidence from surveys (N = 100) with young adults and interviews (N = 15) and surveys (N = 24) with young adults and their influencers, which sheds light on how family dynamics influence the development of music listening, habits and preferences. Close family relationships were associated with more shared musical experiences, positive musical memories and greater tolerance for different musical styles, with little evidence for conflict between parents and adolescents. Many memorable experiences in early adolescence were shared with parents, and parents’ own preferences were passed on. Other family members also played important roles, sometimes substituting for parents, and friends were also influential as surrogate siblings. Family in a broader sense thus influences enculturation and provides a supportive shared context for musical development.
Teaching the sociology of popular music: It’s all about family!
Authors: Kotarba Joseph A.
Published: April 2022

I teach the sociology of popular music online to undergraduate students. My course is intended for upper division students, some of whom are sociology majors, but the majority of whom take the course as an elective, largely out of personal interest in the topic. I use my textbook, Understanding Society through Popular Music (3rd edition) as our primary text. We cover a range of timely topics, but a – if not the – link among them is the family as a context for all facets of the popular music experience, either directly or indirectly. Overall, I use a life course model to organize a discussion of the important role music plays in all segments, stages episodes, etc. of life. I prefer to use the concept of space by which the total experience of music varies through life, but is only determined to some degree by age, the classic life course variable. To point, family is a feature of all music spaces, again directly or indirectly. Family can be found in all segments or spaces of life. Being refers to the space, generally occupied by children, in which people accept the music provided to them by adults and use it as building blocks for an emerging sense of self. Becoming refers to the way later adolescents and adults actively manage their music through categorization and evaluation. Been there refers to the ways the elderly accept music without much need for self actualization from it. I have organized this article chronologically, in terms of the evolving role the concept of ‘family’ holds in the life history of my work conducting research on and teaching about music. My forthcoming book, Music across the Course of Life (Routledge, 2022) applies experiences from my 50 years of teaching and research on popular music to flesh out this model.
Antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius on the environmental surfaces of a recently constructed veterinary hospital in Southern Thailand
Authors: Fungwithaya Punpichaya , Sontigun Narin , Boonhoh Worakan , Boonchuay Kanpapat , Wongtawan Tuempong
Published: April 2022

Background and Aim: Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a zoonotic bacterium commonly found in animals, especially dogs. These bacteria can survive on environmental surfaces for several months. The infection of S. pseudintermedius from the environment is possible, but properly cleaning surface objects can prevent it. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) in the environment of a recently constructed veterinary hospital in Southern Thailand, where we hypothesized that the prevalence of MRSP might be very low.

Materials and Methods: At three different time points, 150 samples were collected from different environmental surfaces and wastewater across the veterinary hospital. The collection was done after the hospital's cleaning. Bacteria were purified in the culture before being identified as species by biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Next, the antimicrobial-resistant profile was performed using an automated system (Vitek 2). Finally, the antimicrobial resistance genes were identified using PCR.

Results: Fifteen colonies of S. pseudintermedius were isolated from the surfaces of eight floors, four tables, two chairs, and one rebreathing tube. Fourteen colonies (93.3%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR) and carried the blaZ gene (93.3%). The majority of colonies were resistant to benzylpenicillin (93.3%), cefovecin (93.3%), ceftiofur (93.3%), kanamycin (93.3%), and neomycin (93.3%). Notably, only four colonies (26.7%) were methicillin-susceptible S. pseudintermedius, whereas 11 colonies (73.3%) were MRSP and carried both the mecA and blaZ genes. Five MRSP (45.5%) were resistant to at least 14 antimicrobial drugs, represented as extensively drug-resistant (XDR) bacteria. Ten of eleven MRSP (90.9%) were Staphylococcal chromosomal mec type V, while another displayed untypeable. Despite the routine and extensive cleaning with detergent and disinfectant, MRSP isolates were still detectable.

Conclusion: Many isolates of MRSP were found in this veterinary hospital. Almost all of them were MDR, and nearly half were XDR, posing a threat to animals and humans. In addition, the current hospital cleaning procedure proved ineffective. Future research should be conducted to determine the bacterial biofilm properties and bacterial sensitivity to certain detergents and disinfectants.