bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Inhospitable World: Exploring a Model of Objectification Theory With Trans Women
Authors: Comiskey Allison , Parent Mike C. , Tebbe Elliot A.
Published: December 2019

In this study, we investigated key tenets of objectification theory, a prominent model of body image disturbance, as it relates to trans women’s disordered eating and intention to obtain silicone injections—a specific health risk for this population. We also incorporated appearance congruence, or the degree to which an individual personally feels that their gender expression matches their gender identity, into the objectification theory model. Results of a structural equation model using data from a sample of 173 trans women from the United States indicated that the basic objectification theory model held among this sample and that appearance congruence was associated negatively with body surveillance. However, appearance congruence did not have significant direct or indirect links (via body surveillance and body shame) with disordered eating or intention to obtain silicone injections. Thus, disordered eating and intention to obtain silicone injections are potential negative outcomes of the process of objectification among trans women, and appearance congruence does not appear to be uniquely linked to health risks associated with internalization of cultural standards of attractiveness, body surveillance, and body shame. Our findings support the application of the tenets of objectification theory with trans women as they apply to disordered eating and intention to obtain silicone injections and also indicate the need to identify other positive influences on trans women’s body image to counteract internalization of cultural standards of attractiveness.
Form and Essence of Precarization by Work: From Alienation to the Industrial Reserve Army at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Colombini Iderley
Published: December 2019

The vast majority of analyses on precarious labor depart from a sense of exception, either in the 1970s and 1980s or from the financial crisis of 2007–8, where a stable (stable, regulated, unionized) pattern of work levels would cease to be the preponderant factor for the proliferation of a new precarious norm. This reduction of the precariousness of labor leads to a series of misconceptions that prevent the understanding of the new forms and particularities of the processes of domination and exploitation of capitalist sociability at the turn of the twenty-first century.
Migration and human rights: The law as a reinforcer of gendered borders
Authors: Brems Eva , Peroni Lourdes , Desmet Ellen
Published: December 2019

Borders follow migrants even inside the territory of their State of destination. These ‘sticky’ figurative borders may flow directly from immigration norms and practice or indirectly from other areas of law. This Special Issue focuses on the gendered nature of these borders, as they rely on/reinforce socially constructed norms of masculinity and femininity. As a result, these figurative borders undermine the equal enjoyment of human rights of migrants, refugees and asylum seekers along gender lines. Specifically, gendered borders are analysed in relation to the themes of asylum, domestic labour and gender-based violence. The human rights of migrants, refugees and asylum seekers in these domains are analysed in an integrated and complex fashion. The analysis demonstrates that migrants, refugees and asylum seekers navigate and challenge not only sticky figurative borders, but also borders between different areas of law. The (non)interaction between these different areas of law may equally create or reinforce unequal human rights protection along gender lines. The law, across different areas and through the workings of diverse categories, definitions and standards, may thus work as a border-reinforcer.
Photoconductive polyimides derived from a novel imidazole-containing diamine
Authors: Jeong Keuk-Min , Tapaswi Pradip Kumar , Kambara Takehiko , Ishige Ryohei , Ando Shinji , Ha Chang-Sik
Published: December 2019

A new diamine containing an imidazole structure, 4,4′-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole-1,2-diyl)dianiline (DIMA), was synthesized to prepare photoconductive polyimides (PIs) with four types of dianhydrides such as 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, 4,4′-oxyduphthalic anhydride, 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride, and cyclobutane-1,2,3,4,-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, based on the fact that the imidazole ring is a useful n-type block with high electron-donating property and good thermal stability. The imidazole-containing diamine possesses high electron-donating properties due to the lone pair electrons at nitrogen, which affords a high hole-transport property. All the PIs prepared from DIMA were amorphous due to the large side group and kink structure of the diamine, optically transparent (transmittances of 92–98% at 450 nm), and exhibited high thermal stability (10% weight loss temperatures ranged 453–558°C).
An accurate instantaneous uncut chip thickness model combining runout effect in micro-milling using cutters with the non-uniform helix and pitch angles
Authors: Guo Qiang , Jiang Yan , Yang Zhibo , Yan Fei
Published: December 2019

As a key factor, the accuracy of the instantaneous undeformed thickness model determines the force-predicting precision and further affects workpiece machining precision in the micro-milling process. The runout with five parameters affects the machining process more significantly compared with macro-milling. Furthermore, modern industry uses cutters with non-uniform pitch and helix angles more and more common for their excellent properties. In this article, an instantaneous undeformed thickness model is presented regarding cutter runout, variable pitch, and helix angles in the micro-milling process. The cutter edge with the cutter runout effect is modeled. Then, the intersecting ellipse between the plane vertical to the spindle axis and the cutter surface which is a cylinder can be gained. Based on this, the points, which are used to remove the material, on the ellipse as well as cutter edges are calculated. The true trochoid trajectory for each cutting point along the tool path is built. Finally, the instantaneous undeformed thickness values are computed using a numerical algorithm. In addition, this article analyzes runout parameters’ effects on the instantaneous undeformed thickness values. After that, helix and pitch angles’ effects on the instantaneous undeformed thickness are studied. Ultimately, the last section verifies the correctness and validity of the instantaneous undeformed thickness model based on the experiment conducted in the literature.
Comparison on torsional mesh stiffness and contact ratio of involute internal gear and high contact ratio internal gear
Authors: Wang Yanzhong , Dou Delong , Shiyuan E , Wang Jianjun
Published: December 2019

The mesh stiffness and contact ratio of gear drive are very important factors which have a great impact on the dynamic load. Contact ratio also affects the fluctuation and the mode of change of the mesh stiffness. In this research, a novel high contact ratio internal gear with a circular arc contact path is introduced. However, the irregular tooth profile of non-involute gear usually causes the numerical calculation to be more complex. To get the torsional mesh stiffness of a pair of internal spur gear, the two-dimensional finite element models of involute internal gear and high contact ratio internal gear are presented and compared. In addition, the influence of input torque on torsional mesh stiffness and contact ratio are analyzed. The mesh stiffness of a single tooth pair and the effect of different engagement positions on mesh stiffness are obtained and compared. Finally, experimental measurement of contact ratio is established by strain gauge technique. It is shown that the torsional mesh stiffness increases with the increase of input torque, and the greater the contact ratio, the smoother the gear drive.
Overarching Principles for the Organization of Socioemotional Constructs
Authors: Olderbak Sally , Wilhelm Oliver
Published: December 2019

Psychological scientists have intensively studied how people handle emotions and navigate social situations for more than a century. However, advancements in our understanding of socioemotional constructs have been hampered because of challenges in assessment. Several measurement problems have been identified; however, we want to bring attention to a potentially larger problem. Many operationalizations and measures of socioemotional constructs are poorly embedded within the larger body of psychological research, hampered by jingle and jangle fallacies. Jingle fallacies occur when assessment tools are assumed to measure the same construct but in practice measure different constructs. Jangle fallacies occur when assessment tools are assumed to measure different constructs but in practice measure the same construct. Both fallacies are primarily due to a qualitative divide between a construct’s definition and how it was measured. We discuss this issue, identify examples of jingle and jangle fallacies, and conclude with recommendations.
Compassion fatigue in healthcare providers: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cavanagh Nicola , Cockett Grayson , Heinrich Christina , Doig Lauren , Fiest Kirsten , Guichon Juliet R , Page Stacey , Mitchell Ian , Doig Christopher James
Published: December 2019

Background:

Compassion fatigue is recognized as impacting the health and effectiveness of healthcare providers, and consequently, patient care. Compassion fatigue is distinct from “burnout.” Reliable measurement tools, such as the Professional Quality of Life scale, have been developed to measure the prevalence, and predict risk of compassion fatigue. This study reviews the prevalence of compassion fatigue among healthcare practitioners, and relationships to demographic variables.

Methods:

A systematic review was conducted using key words in MEDLINE, PubMed, and Ovid databases. Data were extracted from a total of 71 articles meeting inclusion criteria, from studies measuring compassion fatigue in healthcare providers using a validated instrument. Quantitative and qualitative data were extracted and compiled by three independent reviewers into an evidence table that included basic study characteristics, study strength and quality determination, measurements of compassion fatigue, and general findings. Meta-analysis, where data allowed, was stratified by Professional Quality of Life version, heterogeneity was quantified, and pooled means were reported with 95% confidence interval. A table of major study characteristics and results was created.

Ethical consideration:

This paper contains no primary data obtained directly from research participants. Data obtained from previously published resources have been acknowledged within references. Psychological distress, particularly compassion fatigue, can be insidious, no health profession is immune, and may significantly impact the ability to provide care.

Results:

A total of 71 studies were included. Compassion fatigue was reported across all practitioner groups studied. Relationships to most demographic variables such as years of experience and specialty were either not statistically significant or unclear. Variability in reporting of Professional Quality of Life results was found.

Interpretation:

Compassion fatigue exists across diverse practitioner groups. Prevalence is highly variable, and its relationship with demographic, personal, and/or professional variables is inconsistent. Questions are raised about how to mitigate compassion fatigue.
Spillover Effects Between Stock Prices and Exchange Rates for the Central and Eastern European Countries
Authors: Hung Ngo Thai
Published: December 2019

This article attempts to empirically analyze the dynamic relationship and volatility spillover effects between exchange rates and stock returns of the five Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries (Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic, Romania and Croatia) covering the period 2000–2017 by using the bivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity-Baba, Engle, Kraft and Kroner (GARCH-BEKK) framework alongside with the constant and dynamic conditional correlation (CCC and DCC) models. The major findings reveal the following: bidirectional volatility spillovers between the two financial markets in Hungary, the Czech Republic and Croatia in the pre-crisis period; unidirectional spillover of volatility from the stock market to foreign exchange market for Poland during the sub-prime crisis period; unidirectional spillover of volatility from the foreign exchange market to the stock market for Hungary in the post-crisis period and Romania in the pre-crisis period; non-persistence volatility spillover between them in case of the Czech Republic, Romania and Croatia in the post-crisis period; the absence of volatility transmission from the stock market to foreign exchange market occurs in Hungary, while from the foreign exchange market to the stock market in case of Poland in the post-crisis period. We further find a short-lived but non-negligible financial contagion between stock and foreign exchange market in these countries. These empirical insights have significant implications for portfolio investments and currency risk hedging.
FDI Inflow, ICT Expansion and Economic Growth: An Empirical Study on Asia-Pacific Developing Countries
Authors: Sinha Madhabendra , Sengupta Partha Pratim
Published: December 2019

This article attempts to examine the dynamic interrelationships among foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, information and communication technology (ICT) expansion and economic growth empirically in the Asia-Pacific developing countries over the period of 2001–2017. Besides the significant economic effects of FDI inflows, several existing evidence also documents that progress of ICT plays a crucial role in promoting the productivity and efficiency particularly in developing economies during the present period, implying that ICT should be incorporated in a wide discussed FDI and economic growth relationship as per current necessitate. Moreover, different theories and empirics refer that FDI and ICT are also interrelated in various ways. In this context, 30 developing countries are chosen from the Asia-Pacific region to conduct some advanced panel data econometric exercises using the World Bank (2018) and World Telecommunication Indicators (2018) databases. Empirical estimations applying the panel fully modified ordinary least square, dynamic ordinary least square, pooled mean group estimator, mean group estimator and dynamic fixed effect methods reveal that both FDI and ICT have positive and significant effects on economic growth, and ICT expansion also positively influences FDI inflows in those countries. So, the ICT should be improved more as an infrastructure to receive more FDI inflows and also to experience better economic growth.
Gaps in Medicare and the Social Safety Net Predict Financial Strain Among Older Canadians With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Devasahayam Augustine J. , Wallack Elizabeth M. , Ploughman Michelle
Published: December 2019

Multiple sclerosis (MS) can create significant financial burden, with cost of living rising consistently with increasing age and disability. We aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of financial strain among a large sample of older Canadians with MS. A binomial logistic regression, which estimates the probability of an event happening (financial strain—yes/no), was performed. Participants were 64.6 ( SD ± 6.2) years old and reported living with MS symptoms 32.8 ( SD ± 9.4) years. In total, 22% of participants experienced financial strain. Predictors of financial strain (from greatest to least) were not having private health insurance, job loss due to MS, having moderate to high stress, greater physical impact of MS, not having home adaptations, not having social support, and living alone. These findings point to insufficiencies in Canada’s health and social systems when it comes to the provision of universal care to those living with disabling neurological chronic illness.
“Go up onto a High Mountain” (Is. 40:9): Theophanic Exegesis as Mystical Ascent in On First Principles
Authors: Allen John J.
Published: December 2019

Origen of Alexandria’s exegetical method in On First Principles draws on theophanic language to explicate the Christian interpreter’s mystical ascent toward the contemplation of God through scripture. This method of theophanic exegesis seeks to move beyond the literal, “bodily” meaning of the scriptural text and reveal the hidden, “veiled” meaning. Scripture then becomes the intersection of God’s outpouring gift of theophanic partaking with the exegete’s morally purified gaze. Origen draws on specific theophanic encounters, such as Paul’s ascension and the Transfiguration of Jesus on Mount Tabor, as well as other mystical metaphors. By uncovering Origen’s approach to the “divine scriptures,” one can better appreciate his depth of faith—both moral and mystical. In this way, Origen’s method of exegesis can be situated within an interpretive tradition that employs the language of theophanies and fuses scriptural exegesis with moral purification and divine encounter.
Constructing a Bernard-Hubmaier Trinitarian Model of Prevenient Grace
Authors: MacGregor Kirk R.
Published: December 2019

This article constructs a Trinitarian model of prevenient grace based on the insights of Bernard of Clairvaux and Balthasar Hubmaier. Accordingly, the three persons of the Trinity play roles in prevenient grace’s calling, convicting, illuminating, and enabling aspects. The model proposes that the Holy Spirit serves for all persons as the functional equivalent of a good cognitive faculty lost to humanity in the Fall. Hence, the Spirit suggests to each person that they enter into spiritual marriage with Christ and suggests good thoughts to unbelievers and believers alike. Without the Spirit, no one could be saved or do anything good.
Corpus Mysticum: A Response to Vanhoozer, Horton, and Allen
Authors: Moser J. David
Published: December 2019

This article examines Augustine’s theology of the totus Christus, outlined in the article “Totus Christus: A Proposal for Protestant Christology and Ecclesiology”, in greater detail. It refines the terms of the debate about the totus Christus among Reformed theologians in the symposium, explores more deeply the meaning of this doctrine, and raises critical questions of Reformed catholicity as an ongoing theological and ecclesial project informed by this debate.
Totus Christus: A Proposal for Protestant Christology and Ecclesiology
Authors: Moser J. David
Published: December 2019

This article argues that ‘Reformed catholics’ should accept Augustine’s totus Christus Christological-ecclesiology. It states what Augustine said about the doctrine. Then it responds to five Protestant objections to Augustine’s doctrine, examining similar iterations in the theology of Hans Urs von Balthasar and Karl Barth. Finally, it describes what totus Christus entails and does not entail, and concludes that Protestants should accept it because it is based in Scripture and does not entail all the deleterious things the objections claim it does.
Orthodox-Catholic Relations
Authors: Frank Fr. Chrysostom
Published: December 2019

It is only in worship, with a keen sense of the transcendence of the inexpressible mystery ‘which surpasses knowledge’ (Eph. 3:19), that we will be able to see our divergences in their proper setting and ‘to lay … no greater burden than these necessary things’ (Acts 15:28), so as to reestablish communion…. It seems to me, in fact, that the question we must ask ourselves is not so much whether we can reestablish full communion, but rather whether we still have the right to remain separated. We must ask ourselves this question in the very name of our faithfulness to Christ's will for his Church, for which constant prayer must make us both increasingly open and ready in the course of the Theological Dialogue.1
Posterior Arthroscopic Reduction and Internal Fixation for Treatment of Posterior Malleolus Fractures
Authors: Martin Kevin D.
Published: December 2019

Posterior malleolus fractures and pilon variants refer to a pattern of fractures involving the posterior weightbearing surface of the tibial plafond. The surgical indications for fixation of posterior malleolus fractures varies considerably throughout the literature, based on the size and/or displacement. There is controversy on how to best address fracture fixation, with the main workhorses being either the posterior-lateral approach or indirect anterior-posterior–directed screws. We present an alternative technique for posterior malleolus fracture fixation using a direct posterior arthroscopic-assisted reduction internal fixation method. With this method, posterior malleolus fractures are reduced arthroscopically and percutaneous fixation is placed through the arthroscopic portals.

Level of Evidence: Level V, expert opinion
A research of sliding mode control method with disturbance observer combining skyhook model for active suspension systems
Authors: Qin Wu , Shangguan Wen-Bin , Zhao Kegang
Published: December 2019

Based on a nonlinear two-degree-of-freedom model of active suspension systems, an approach of the sliding mode control with disturbance observer combining skyhook model sliding mode control with disturbance observer combining is proposed for improving the performance of active suspension systems, and the effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated by the active suspension system plant. Two problems of active suspension systems are solved by using the proposed approach when the tire is excited by the step displacement. One problem is that the suspension deflection of active suspension systems, i.e. the difference between the sprung mass displacement and the unsprung mass displacement, using conventional sliding mode control with disturbance observer not converges to zero in finite time, and the phenomenon of the impact of suspension against the limit block is produced. This problem is solved by providing a reference value of the sprung mass displacement in an active suspension system, which is obtained from the skyhook model. The other problem is that disturbances exist in active suspension systems, which are caused by the inaccurate parameters of stiffness and damping. This problem is solved by designing a disturbance observer to estimate the summation of the disturbances. Finally, the performance indexes of the active suspension system with the sliding mode control with disturbance observer combining skyhook model are calculated and compared with those of using the conventional sliding mode control with disturbance observer and the linear quadratic regulator approach.
Inequities in Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma According to Neighborhood Social and Material Deprivation: A Population-Level Study in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Beaulieu Emilie , Jiang Andy , Zheng Alex , Rajabali Fahra , Pike Ian
Published: December 2019

Objectives:

To explore the relationship between neighborhood social and material deprivation and the rates of abusive head trauma (AHT), and whether it differs according to sex, and following the implementation of the Period of PURPLE Crying ( PURPLE) program.

Method:

A cross-sectional study design was applied to data from children 0 to 24 months old with a confirmed AHT diagnosis between 2005 and 2017 in British Columbia. Dissemination area–based social and material deprivation scores were assigned to residential areas, where AHT cases were recorded. Poisson regression models tested the relationship between deprivation scores and AHT rates, adding sex and pre–post program implementation as interaction terms.

Results:

With each increase in material and social deprivation quintiles, AHT rates increased by 42% (95% CI [1.18, 1.72]) and 25% (95% CI [1.06, 1.51]), respectively, following a social gradient. AHT rate disparities between neighborhoods did not change following the PURPLE program implementation.

Conclusions:

This study stresses the need to provide additional AHT prevention services proportionately to the levels of neighborhood disadvantage, in addition to universal AHT programs, to successfully protect all children.
Gluten-free breadmaking affected by the particle size and chemical composition of quinoa and buckwheat flour fractions
Authors: Sciarini LS , Steffolani ME , Fernández A , Paesani C , Pérez GT
Published: December 2019

This study aimed at assessing the effect of physicochemical properties and the particle size of different fractions of buckwheat and quinoa on the behaviour of gluten-free dough and bread quality. Quinoa and buckwheat grains were milled with a hammer mill and then separated in three fractions. These fractions where then re-milled with a cyclonic mill to obtain samples of similar sizes. Results showed that the chemical composition of these fractions was very different and played a major role on bread quality. Proteins, lipids and fibre negatively affected bread quality, whereas starch-rich fractions were more adequate for breadmaking. Re-milling quinoa and buckwheat fractions increased bread volume, although chemical composition still influenced bread properties. For hammer-milled fractions, both the finest fractions resulted in breads with higher technological quality, as well as a final product with more fibre, minerals and proteins.
Premises for Cholecystokinin and Gastrin Peptides in Diabetes Therapy
Authors: Rehfeld Jens F
Published: December 2019

Gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK) are classical gastrointestinal peptide hormones. Their biogenesis, structures, and intestinal secretory patterns are well-known with the striking feature that their receptor-bound ‘active sites’ are highly homologous and that this structure is conserved for more than 500 million years during evolution. Consequently, gastrin and CCK are agonists for the same receptor (the CCK2 receptor). But in addition, tyrosyl O-sulphated CCK are also bound to the specific CCK1 receptor. The receptors are widely expressed in the body, including pancreatic islet-cell membranes. Moreover, CCK and gastrin peptides are at various developmental stages and diseases expressed in pancreatic islets; also in human islets. Accordingly, bioactive gastrin and CCK peptides stimulate islet-cell growth as well as insulin and glucagon secretion. In view of their insulinotropic effects, gastrin and CCK peptides have come into focus as drug targets, either alone or in combination with other insulinotropic gut hormones or growth factors. So far, modified CCK and gastrin peptides are being examined as potential drugs for therapy of type 1 as well as type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Nonclassical Islet Peptides: Pancreatic and Extrapancreatic Actions
Authors: English Andrew , Irwin Nigel
Published: December 2019

The pancreas has physiologically important endocrine and exocrine functions; secreting enzymes into the small intestine to aid digestion and releasing multiple peptide hormones via the islets of Langerhans to regulate glucose metabolism, respectively. Insulin and glucagon, in combination with ghrelin, pancreatic polypeptide and somatostatin, are the main classical islet peptides critical for the maintenance of blood glucose. However, pancreatic islets also synthesis numerous ‘nonclassical’ peptides that have recently been demonstrated to exert fundamental effects on overall islet function and metabolism. As such, insights into the physiological relevance of these nonclassical peptides have shown impact on glucose metabolism, insulin action, cell survival, weight loss, and energy expenditure. This review will focus on the role of individual nonclassical islet peptides to stimulate pancreatic islet secretions as well as regulate metabolism. In addition, the more recognised actions of these peptides on satiety and energy regulation will also be considered. Furthermore, recent advances in the field of peptide therapeutics and obesity-diabetes have focused on the benefits of simultaneously targeting several hormone receptor signalling cascades. The potential for nonclassical islet hormones within such combinational approaches will also be discussed.
Testing the asymmetric effects of the economic policy uncertainty on the tourism demand in India
Authors: Sharma Chandan
Published: December 2019

This study examines the effects of economic uncertainty on tourism demand in India for the period 2006:01 to 2018:04. This study has two major contributions. First, using the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag technique, the asymmetric effects are tested and second, it provides evidence for both long- and short-run effects. The estimated results have confirmed that economic uncertainty has asymmetric effects on tourism demand. Specifically, it is shown that increasing uncertainty has more penetrating negative effects than the positive effects caused by decreasing uncertainty.
Societal costs of informal care of community-dwelling frail elderly people
Authors: Alwin Jenny , Karlson Björn W , Husberg Magnus , Carlsson Per , Ekerstad Niklas
Published: December 2019

Aims: The aims of this study are to describe informal care activities and to estimate the societal cost of informal care of community-dwelling frail elderly people in Sweden. Methods: This study was performed within the frame of the TREEE project that included 408 frail elderly patients. At index hospitalisation (baseline), primary informal caregivers of the patients were provided with a questionnaire on informal care during a period of three months. Questions concerning other (secondary) informal caregivers were also included. A rough estimate of the total cost of informal care of frail elderly people in Sweden was obtained by combining data from this study with published data and official statistics. Results: In total, 176 informal caregivers responded, and 89% had provided informal care. The informal caregivers (primary and secondary) provided care for an average of 245 hours over three months. Taking care of the home was the dominating activity. In total, the mean cost of informal care was estimated to approximately 18,000 SEK (€1878) over three months, corresponding to an annual cost of approximately 72,000 SEK (€7477) per frail elderly person. The total annual societal costs of informal care of community dwelling frail elderly people aged 75 years and older in Sweden was estimated to be approximately 11,000 million SEK (€1150 million). Conclusions: The care of frail elderly people provided by informal caregivers is extensive and represents a great economic value. Although our calculations are associated with uncertainty, the size indicates that supporting informal caregivers should be a priority for society.
Optimizing smartphone intervention features to improve chronic disease management: A rapid review
Authors: Gomolin Arieh , Lebouché Bertrand , Engler Kim , Vedel Isabelle
Published: December 2019

While there are an increasing number of mobile health applications to facilitate self-management in patients with chronic disease, little is known about which application features are responsible for impact. The objective was to uncover application features associated with increased usability or improved patient outcomes. A rapid review was conducted in MEDLINE for recent studies on smartphone applications. Eligible studies examined applications for adult chronic disease populations, with self-management content, and assessed specific features. The features studied and their impacts on usability and patient outcomes were extracted. From 3661 records, 19 studies were eligible. Numerous application features related to interface (e.g. reduced number of screens, limited manual data entry) and content (e.g. simplicity, self-tracking features) were linked to improved usability. Only three studies examined patient outcomes. Specific features were shown to have a higher impact. Implementing them can improve chronic disease management and reduce app development efforts.
Computational prediction of implantation outcome after embryo transfer
Authors: Raef Behnaz , Maleki Masoud , Ferdousi Reza
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study is to develop a computational prediction model for implantation outcome after an embryo transfer cycle. In this study, information of 500 patients and 1360 transferred embryos, including cleavage and blastocyst stages and fresh or frozen embryos, from April 2016 to February 2018, were collected. The dataset containing 82 attributes and a target label (indicating positive and negative implantation outcomes) was constructed. Six dominant machine learning approaches were examined based on their performance to predict embryo transfer outcomes. Also, feature selection procedures were used to identify effective predictive factors and recruited to determine the optimum number of features based on classifiers performance. The results revealed that random forest was the best classifier (accuracy = 90.40% and area under the curve = 93.74%) with optimum features based on a 10-fold cross-validation test. According to the Support Vector Machine-Feature Selection algorithm, the ideal numbers of features are 78. Follicle stimulating hormone/human menopausal gonadotropin dosage for ovarian stimulation was the most important predictive factor across all examined embryo transfer features. The proposed machine learning-based prediction model could predict embryo transfer outcome and implantation of embryos with high accuracy, before the start of an embryo transfer cycle.
The Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility: The Need for a Holistic Approach
Authors: Brown Aaron , Charles Anthony
Published: December 2019

The minimum age of criminal responsibility in England and Wales remains 10 years: something which has attracted criticism globally by policy makers and youth justice practitioners. Yet, the Westminster Government refuses to consider changes to minimum age of criminal responsibility, despite evidence supporting reform. This article, drawing on the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child’s consultation to revise General Comment No. 10 (2007) and the activities of UK devolved administrations, explores the need for minimum age of criminal responsibility reform, considering how a holistic approach focused on diversion and the provision of rights respecting appropriate interventions can create positive, even transformative outcomes for children.
Long Noncoding RNA PTTG3P Expression Is an Unfavorable Prognostic Marker for Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Bai Hansong , Luo Xing , Liao Dongxu , Xiong Wei , Zeng Ming , Zheng Bo
Published: December 2019

Objective:

PTTG3P, which maps to chromosome 8q13.1, is a novel long noncoding RNA with oncogenic properties in cancers. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prognostic value of PTTG3P in terms of overall survival and recurrence-free survival and its potential regulatory network and transcription pattern in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Patients and Methods:

An in silico analysis was performed using data from the Cancer Genome Atlas-Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Results:

Results showed that the high PTTG3P expression group was consistently associated with shorter overall survival and recurrence-free survival, regardless of pathological stages or tumor grade. High PTTG3P expression was an independent indicator of shorter overall survival (hazard ratio: 2.177, 95% confidence interval: 1.519-3.121, P < .001) and recurrence-free survival (hazard ratio: 2.222, 95% confidence interval: 1.503-3.283, P < .001). The genes strongly coexpressed with PTTG3P are enriched in several KEGG pathways that are closely associated with carcinogenesis and malignant transformation of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Conclusion:

Based on the findings, we infer that PTTG3P expression might serve as an independent prognostic biomarker in primary hepatocellular carcinoma.
Training Healthcare Chaplains: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow
Authors: Cadge Wendy , Fitchett George , Haythorn Trace , Palmer Patricia K. , Rambo Shelly , Clevenger Casey , Stroud Irene Elizabeth
Published: December 2019

This article invites theological school educators, clinical pastoral education educators, representatives of the professional healthcare chaplaincy organizations, and social scientists to begin a shared conversation about chaplaincy education. To date, we find that theological educators, clinical educators, professional chaplains, and the healthcare organizations where they work are not operating from or educating toward a common understanding of what makes healthcare chaplains effective. Before we identify five key questions that might help us be in shared conversation and move towards educating the most effective chaplains, we briefly describe the history of education for healthcare chaplaincy. We then describe what we learned in interviews in 2018 with 21 theological and 19 clinical educators who are educating healthcare chaplains in theological schools and clinical pastoral education residency programs, year-long educational programs in hospitals and other settings that focus on preparing people for staff chaplain jobs. Their different approaches and frames inform the five questions with which we conclude.
Reasoning “Uncharted Territory”: Notions of Expertise Within Ethics Review Panels Assessing Research Use of Social Media
Authors: Sellers Chelsea , Samuel Gabrielle , Derrick Gemma
Published: December 2019

The fast changing field of social media (SM) research presents unique challenges for research ethics committees (RECs). This article examines notions of experience and expertise in the context of REC members reviewing proposals for SM research and considers the role of the RECs in this area of review. We analyze 19 interviews with REC members to highlight that a lack of personal and professional experience of SM, compounded by a lack of institutional and professional guidelines, mean many REC members feel they do not possess sufficient expertise to review SM research. This view was supported by 14 interviews with SM researchers. REC members drew on strategies to overcome their lack of experience, although most SM researchers still found this problematic, to varying degrees. We recommend several steps to ensure REC expertise in SM research keeps pace of this fast-developing field, taking a pro-active, dialogic approach.
Estimating the prevalence and diversity of words in written language
Authors: Johns Brendan T , Dye Melody , Jones Michael N
Published: December 2019

Recently, a new crowd-sourced language metric has been introduced, entitled word prevalence, which estimates the proportion of the population that knows a given word. This measure has been shown to account for unique variance in large sets of lexical performance. This article aims to build on the work of Brysbaert et al. and Keuleers et al. by introducing new corpus-based metrics that estimate how likely a word is to be an active member of the natural language environment, and hence known by a larger subset of the general population. This metric is derived from an analysis of a newly collected corpus of over 25,000 fiction and non-fiction books and will be shown that it is capable of accounting for significantly more variance than past corpus-based measures.
Audiovisual narratives about the case Spain’s stolen babies
Authors: Mancho-Iglesia Ana , Marta-Lazo Carmen
Published: December 2019

The critical discourse analysis is the tool used in this article, to study how audiovisual media have constructed mental representation about the historical facts occurred in Spain between the final stage of the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) and the late 1980s: the theft of newborn babies. The State has failed in an attempt to establish policies that support truth, justice and reparation as it has been recalled by United Nations experts to the Government of Spain, and the reports and documentaries have become vehicles to capture and recover memories. Our objective is to analyze how this collective awareness has been realized and the contribution of reports and documentaries. Our results show that the Spanish television channels silence the Francoist context to depict the thefts as the product of economical mobs focused on child trafficking. The international channels, however, put the origin of the dictatorship at the center of the discourse.
Radiographic and Clinical Evidence for Osteoarthritis at Medium-Term Follow-up after Arthroscopic Partial Medial Meniscectomy
Authors: Lamplot Joseph D. , Tompkins William P. , Friedman Michael V. , Nguyen Joseph T. , Rai Muhammad Farooq , Brophy Robert H.
Published: December 2019

Objective

The purpose of this study is to assess if incident radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with clinical OA symptoms at midterm follow-up after arthroscopic partial medial meniscectomy (APMM).

Design

A total of 44 patients (43% females, mean age 50.1 ± 2.8 years, minimum 5.6-year follow-up) with isolated medial meniscal tears and no-to-mild preoperative radiographic OA underwent APMM. Incident radiographic OA was assessed using the modified Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) classification. Patients completed the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcomes Score (KOOS), and subscale thresholds for assessment of a symptomatic knee (KOOS OA criteria) and for Patient non-Acceptable Symptom State (PASS-N) following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) were calculated.

Results

Incident medial compartment OA occurred in 50% of patients. Morbidly obese patients (body mass index ≥35 kg/m2) were more likely to demonstrate incident radiographic OA (100% vs. 41%, P = 0.002). Forty-three percent of patients met KOOS OA criteria, while 77% were PASS-N. Females were more likely to meet KOOS OA criteria (73% vs. 21%, P = 0.009). Patients with incident radiographic OA in any compartment were more likely than those without radiographic OA to meet KOOS OA criteria (71% vs. 17%, P = 0.008). Patients with preoperative K-L grade 2 changes in any compartment were more likely to meet KOOS OA criteria than those without K-L grade 2 changes in any compartment (83% vs. 35%, P = 0.037).

Conclusions

Roughly half of APMM patients will have incident radiographic OA within 6 years of APMM, and this risk increases with obesity. Females and patients with incident radiographic OA are more likely to meet clinical thresholds for OA.
Precision dosing to avoid adverse drug reactions
Authors: Polasek Thomas M. , Kirkpatrick Carl M. J. , Rostami-Hodjegan Amin
Published: December 2019

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) have traditionally been managed by trial and error, adjusting drug and dose selection reactively following patient harm. With an improved understanding of ADRs, and the patient characteristics that increase susceptibility, precision medicine technologies enable a proactive approach to ADRs and support clinicians to change prescribing accordingly. This commentary revisits the famous pharmacology–toxicology continuum first postulated by Paracelsus 500 years ago and explains why precision dosing is needed to help avoid ADRs in modern clinical practice. Strategies on how to improve precision dosing are given, including more research to establish better precision dosing targets in the cases of greatest need, easier access to dosing instructions via e-prescribing, improved monitoring of patients with novel biomarkers of drug response, and further application of model-informed precision dosing.
Update on cardiovascular prevention in clinical practice: A position paper of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology
Authors: Piepoli Massimo F , Abreu Ana , Albus Christian , Ambrosetti Marco , Brotons Carlos , Catapano Alberico L , Corra Ugo , Cosyns Bernard , Deaton Christi , Graham Ian , Hoes Arno , Lochen Maja-Lisa , Matrone Benedetta , Redon Josep , Sattar Naveed , Smulders Yvo , Tiberi Monica
Published: December 2019

European guidelines on cardiovascular prevention in clinical practice were first published in 1994 and have been regularly updated, most recently in 2016, by the Sixth European Joint Task Force. Given the amount of new information that has become available since then, components from the task force and experts from the European Association of Preventive Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology were invited to provide a summary and critical review of the most important new studies and evidence since the latest guidelines were published. The structure of the document follows that of the previous document and has six parts: Introduction (epidemiology and cost effectiveness); Cardiovascular risk; How to intervene at the population level; How to intervene at the individual level; Disease-specific interventions; and Settings: where to intervene? In fact, in keeping with the guidelines, greater emphasis has been put on a population-based approach and on disease-specific interventions, avoiding re-interpretation of information already and previously considered. Finally, the presence of several gaps in the knowledge is highlighted.
Crowdsourcing Criminology: Social Media and Citizen Policing in Missing Person Cases
Authors: Gray Garry , Benning Brigitte
Published: December 2019

Criminology is undergoing a process of innovation and experimentation with the rise of social media. Although police have traditionally been the locus of legal enforcement, ordinary citizens are increasingly afforded opportunities to participate in crowdsourced investigations. In this article, we explore the emerging field of crowdsourcing criminology and its relationship to newsmaking criminology, public criminology, and the reshaping of news as infotainment (popular criminology). Drawing on a case study of a missing person named Emma Fillipoff, and our experience of involvement in the development of a television (TV) documentary dedicated to help finding Emma, we examine the process of crowdsourcing in practice and how it may oscillate between infotainment and public criminology inspired by academic evidence. Crowdsourcing criminology represents both a theoretical and an applied shift in our research focus and paves the way for a host of new projects that strive to reveal the strategies and techniques that define and characterize crowdsourced investigations.
Ethnographic Approach in Understanding Street Vendors in Modern India: A Plea for Research and Documentation
Authors: Misra P. K.
Published: December 2019

The increasing presence of street vendors in growing cities of modern India is a challenging phenomenon for development economist, urban planners and city authorities, but they provide excellent opportunity to the cultural anthropologist to understand human ingenuity and designs of culture. Whatever be the attitude, the street vendors cannot be wished away. Spatially mobile people, of which the street vendors are a part, have been an integral part of the traditional India’s social structure. Though the spatially mobile people have been pervasive and persistent throughout the history, they remain stranger to the sedentary population—customary strangers. But the social fabric under which the customary strangers operated has significantly changed. In modern India, distinct and more visibility of the street vendors have emerged. But the authorities, in general, continue to live in perpetual denial of their existence. The street vendors truly epitomise Swaraj; fiercely independent, self-reliant and dignified. The street vendors employ a variety of strategies to provide goods and services to their clients to remain in ‘business’, in the process add a variety, colour and identity to city life. The article tries to draw the attention of the authorities to recognise their existence and provide cultural and physical space to them.