bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Биомеханическое обоснование техники виса в скалолазании
Authors: Kozin S.V.
Published: April 2019

Цель работы – выявить основные кинематические характеристики виса в скалолазании у спортсменов разной квалификации и теоретически обосновать правильную технику выполнения данного движения. Материал и методы. Была проанализирована техника выполнения виса в боулдеринге 20-ти ведущих скалолазов Мира и Украины и 20-ти начинающих скалолазов-любителей мужского пола. Возраст спортсменов 22,4±3,2 года, длина тела 178,5±12,5 см, масса тела 72,2±8,5 кг. В демонстрации различных моделей выполнения виса принял участие квалифицированный спортсмен. С помощью компьютерной программы Kinovea 0.8.15 были проанализированы кинематические характеристики двух моделей техники (модель 1 – характерна для начинающих спортсменов, модель 2 – характерна для квалифицированных спортсменов) на основе определения величины углов между плечом и надплечьем, а также между поясничным отделом позвоночника и вертикальной осью. Результаты. Выявлены основные кинематические параметры виса в скалолазании для различных моделей техники, характерных для спортсменов разной квалификации. Показано наличие достоверных различий (р<0,001) в величине углов между плечом и надплечьем, между нижним отделом позвоночника и вертикальной осью в фазе фиксации виса. Угол между плечом и надплечьем в первой модели техники составил 1460, во второй модели техники данный угол составляет 970. Угол между поясничным отделом позвоночника и вертикальной осью составил в первой модели 110, во второй модели данный угол составил 280. Дано теоретическое обоснование правильной техники виса в скалолазании с точки зрения законов механики и законов взаимодействия сил в кинематической цепи. Выводы. В первой модели вис осуществляется в основном за счет связочного аппарата суставов плечевого пояса при минимальном включении мышц, что опасно травмированием связок плечевого сустава. Во второй модели вис обеспечивает также включение мышц туловища и ног, что снижает нагрузку со связочного аппарата и понижает вероятность травмирования связок плечевого сустава.
Застосування електронейрофізіологічного дослідження в комплексній діагностиці міофасціального больового синдрому у спортсменів
Authors: Ostapyiak Z.M. , Gerich R.P.
Published: April 2019

Мета дослідження – вивчення електронейрофізіологічних характеристик міофасціального больового синдрому у спортсменів. Матеріал і методи. В дослідженні брали участь 40 спортсменів представників 4 видів спорту і 25 здорових добровольців (віком від 17 до 24 років). У програму електронейрофізіологічного дослідження були включені глобальна електроміографія і дослідження надбровного рефлексу для оцінки полісинаптичної рефлекторної збудливості стовбура мозку. Результати. Якщо міофасціальний критичний пункт є у м’язі, то підвищена активність спокою характеризує його патогенний вплив на структури центральної нервової системи і даний показник може бути використаний для об’єктивної оцінки наявного патологічного процесу. Використання надбрівного рефлексу дозволяють встановити зв’язок рівня полісинаптичної рефлекторної збудливості з важкістю міофасціального болю у спортсменів. Висновки. встановлено, що глобальна електроміографія дозволяє об’єктивно оцінити механізми розвитку міофасціального болю, а дослідження надбрівного рефлексу може служити адекватним нейрофізіологічним тестом, що відображає особливості функціонування супрасегментарних відділів центральної нервової системи для оцінки тяжкості міофасціального болю у спортсменів.
Використання інтегральних вправ у фізичній підготовці спортсменів-айкідістів
Authors: Striclavenko Ye.A. , Shalar O.G. , Huzar V.M.
Published: April 2019

Мета: узагальнити методику використання інтегральних вправ для розвитку фізичних якостей айкідістів на етапі початкової підготовки. Матеріал: у дослідженні прийняли участь юні айкідісти 11-13 років групи початкової підготовки, які займалися в спортивно-юнацькому клубі при херсонській обласній федерації з айкідо. Всі тести, що використовувались в дослідженні були розподілені на дві групи. Тести для визначення загальної фізичної підготовленості були спрямовані на прояв юними спортсменами швидкісно-силових здібностей, спритності, сили та гнучкості. Тести для визначення спеціальної фізичної підготовленості юних айкідістів були спрямовані на прояв спеціальної координаційної підготовленості, швидкість та силу верхнього плечового поясу, спеціальної витривалості та сили нижніх кінцівок. Результати: методика тренування складалась з різних комплексів інтегральних вправ, які застосовувались, як в підготовчій частині тренування так і в основній та заключній. Абсолютно за всіма тестами, що визначають загальну фізичну підготовленість рівень приросту середніх результатів знаходиться в межах від 5 % до 35%. При чому найбільші зміни зафіксовані в показниках тесту нахил вперед з положення сидячи - 35,1 %, а найменші за стрибок у довжину з місця  - 4,8%. Висновки: правильне та раціональне використання різноманітних засобів та методів розвитку фізичних якостей дозволяє ефективно впливати на рівень фізичної підготовленості юних айкідістів і дає можливість досягти їм максимально високого рівня майстерності. В сучасному айкідо лише тільки раціональне поєднання всіх сторін підготовленості дасть змогу досягти значних результатів. Перспективним напрямком подальшого дослідження є синтез фізичної та технічної підготовки юних акідістів під час використання вправ інтегрального характеру
Real-World Systemic Therapy Treatment Patterns for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck in Canada
Authors: Byrne Katherine , Hallworth P. , Monfared A. Abbas Tahami , Moshyk A. , Shaw J. W.
Published: April 2019

Background: In the present study, we examined real-world treatment patterns for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (scchn) in Canada, which are largely unknown. Methods: Oncologists across Canada provided data for disease history, characteristics, and treatment patterns during May–July 2016 for 6–8 consecutive patients receiving first-line or second-line drug treatment for scchn (including locally advanced and recurrent or metastatic disease). Results: Information from 16 physicians for 109 patients receiving drug treatment for scchn was provided; 1 patient was excluded from the treatment-pattern analysis. Median age in the cohort was 63 years [interquartile range (iqr): 57–68 years], and 24% were current smokers, with a mean exposure of 26.2 ± 12.7 pack–years. The most common tumour site was the oropharynx (48%). Most patients (84%) received platinum-based regimens as first-line treatment (44% received cisplatin monotherapy). Use of cetuximab-based regimens as first-line treatment was limited (17%). Of 53 patients receiving second-line treatment, 87% received a first-line platinum-based regimen. Median time between first-line treatment with a platinum-based regimen and initiation of second-line treatment was 55 days (iqr: 20–146 days). The most common second-line regimen was cetuximab monotherapy (43%); platinum-based regimens were markedly infrequent (13%). Conclusions: Our analysis provides real-world insight into scchn clinical practice patterns in Canada, which could inform reimbursement decision-making. High use of platinum-based regimens in first-line drug treatment was generally reflective of treatment guidelines; cetuximab use in the second-line was higher than anticipated. Additional real-world studies are needed to understand the effect of novel therapies such as immuno-oncology agents on clinical practice and outcomes, particularly for recurrent or metastatic scchn.
GeV–TeV Cosmic-Ray Leptons in the Solar System from the Bow Shock Wind Nebula of the Nearest Millisecond Pulsar J0437–4715
Authors: Bykov A. M. , Petrov A. E. , Krassilchtchikov A. M. , Levenfish K. P. , Osipov S. M. , Pavlov G. G.
Published: April 2019

We consider the acceleration of leptons up to GeV–TeV energies in the bow shock wind nebula of PSR J0437–4715 and their subsequent diffusion through the interstellar magnetic fields. The leptons accelerated at the pulsar wind termination surface are injected into re-acceleration in colliding shock flows. Modeled spectra of synchrotron emission from the accelerated electrons and positrons are consistent with the far-ultraviolet and X-ray observations of the nebula carried out with the Hubble Space Telescope and Chandra X-ray Observatory. These observations are employed to constrain the absolute fluxes of relativistic leptons, which are escaping from the nebula and eventually reaching the solar system after energy-dependent diffusion through the local interstellar medium accompanied by synchrotron and Compton losses. It is shown that accelerated leptons from the nebula of PSR J0437–4715 can be responsible both for the enhancement of the positron fraction above a few GeV detected by PAMELA and AMS-02 spectrometers and for the TeV range lepton fluxes observed with H.E.S.S., VERITAS, Fermi, CALET, and DAMPE.
Lean Mass Declines Consistently over 10 Years in People living with HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy, with Patterns Differing by Sex
Authors:   the Modena HIV Metabolic Cohort Team, Debroy Paula , Lake Jordan E , Sim Myung , Erlandson Kristine M , Falutz Julian , Prado Carla M , Brown Todd T , Guaraldi Giovanni
Published: April 2019

Background

The long-term trajectory of and factors affecting lean mass in people living with HIV (PLWH) are incompletely described.

Methods

PLWH in the Modena HIV Metabolic Cohort underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans every 6–12 months for up to 10 years (median 4.6 scans). Mixed effect regression modelling in combined and sex-stratified models determined annual rates of and clinical factors significantly associated with appendicular lean mass (ALM).

Results

A total of 839 women and 1,759 men contributing ≥2 DXA scans had baseline median age 44 years and 14 years since HIV diagnosis; 76% were virologically suppressed on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Baseline median ALM was 16.9 kg for women and 24.8 kg for men. ALM decreased during the study period, with mean yearly ALM loss of −231 g in women and −322 g in men. Less ALM was associated with female sex, age >50 years, detectable HIV-1 RNA, and tenofovir and integrase inhibitor use. Greater ALM was associated with longer ART duration. In sex-stratified models, relationships between ALM and total ART duration and integrase inhibitor use were not significant for women, but the relationship with tenofovir use persisted. For men, AIDS wasting and CD4+ T-lymphocyte nadir <200 cells/ml were independently associated with lower ALM.

Conclusions

ALM steadily declined over time in this cohort of PLWH on ART that included a large number of women. HIV- and ART-specific risk factors emerged that varied by sex. The observed associations between tenofovir or integrase inhibitor use and lower ALM particularly warrant further study.
Multiloop FOPID Controller Design for TITO Process Using Evolutionary Algorithm
Authors: Lakshmanaprabu S.K.  , Najumnissa Jamal D.  , Sabura Banu U.
Published: April 2019

In this article, the tuning of multiloop Fractional Order PID (FOPID) controller is designed for Two Input Two Output (TITO) processes using an evolutionary algorithm such as the Genetic algorithm (GA), the Cuckoo Search algorithm (CS) and the Bat Algorithm (BA). The control parameters of FOPID are obtained using GA, CS, and BA for minimizing the integral error criteria. The main objective of this article is to compare the performance of the GA, CS, and BA for the multiloop FOPID controller problem. The integer order internal model control based PID (IMC-PID) controller is designed using the GA and the performance of the IMC-PID controller is compared with the FOPID controller scheme. The simulation results confirm that BA offers optimal controller parameter with a minimum value of IAE, ISE, ITAE with faster settling time.
Development and Practice of Research Support Services in Peking University Library
Authors: Tang Yong , Zhang Chunhong
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this study is to explore the development and practice of research support services in university libraries. It is very important for the university library to gradually integrate into the core business of the university, and to continuously enhance its value and competitiveness in face of new academic environments. By restructuring agency teams, reshaping service strategies, and rebuilding services and evaluation systems, Peking University Library took full advantage of bibliometrics, information resource analysis, competitive intelligence, etc., and established a framework of research support services to provide strong support for the development of Peking University. Taking Peking University Library as an example, this article introduces some cases: the trend analysis of research hotspots project, the analysis report on patent competitiveness, a series of reports on subject competitiveness, and reports on research frontiers. The article discusses the difficulties, experiences, and benefits of these cases.
Investigating the Need for Computer Assisted Cooperative Learning to Improve Reading Skills Among Yemeni University EFL Students
Authors: Yassin Amr Abdullatif , Razak Norizan Abdul , Maasum Nor Rizan Mohamad
Published: April 2019

The aim of this needs analysis article was to investigate the students' needs for computer assisted cooperative learning (CACL) in studying reading skills. The needs analysis depends on present situation analysis (PSA). The result of the analysis showed that both professors and students use the internet for reading outside the university. Moreover, both professors and students showed that the students need CALL, cooperative learning in studying reading skills. There is a need, therefore, for implementing computer assisted cooperative learning in teaching reading comprehension skills because this is a new method for Yemeni students and it might help them to improve their reading skills as reading has not been improved among Yemeni university EFL students in the last two decades. More importantly, although Yemeni students have not experienced e-learning before, they are willing to accept CACL as a new teaching method.
Language Learning in the 21st Century
Authors: Tan Debbita Ai Lin , Lee Bee Choo , Ganapathy Malini , Kasuma Shaidatul Akma Adi
Published: April 2019

Kahoot! is a gaming system designed for interactive learning and can be utilised for students of all ages. The present study involved two groups of Malaysian ESL students (n = 57) enrolled in a remedial English proficiency course in a public university. All 57 participants were exposed to weekly Kahoot! sessions over a period of one semester; the sessions covered various English language learning components including vocabulary and reading comprehension, but focused largely on grammar. At the end of the semester, the participants completed a 34-item questionnaire comprising closed- and open-ended items. The questionnaire was tested for reliability with returned values indicating high internal consistency, thus making the instrument a reliable option for use in future studies. The study's findings indicate that the students found Kahoot! to be beneficial in terms of: 1) inducing motivation, and 2) fostering and reinforcing learning. The students were also of the opinion that Kahoot! would be useful for foreign language learning (for instance, Spanish and French).
Descrizione di una nuova specie di Psammotettix della Calabria (Hemiptera Cicadellidae Deltocephalinae)
Authors: Poggi Francesco , Manti Francesco , Castiglione Elvira
Published: April 2019

Viene descritto Psammotettix aspromontanus n.sp. di Calabria, Massiccio dell’Aspromonte; la nuova specie è morfologicamente simile a P. jenjouristi (Zachvatkin), P.confinis (Dahlbom) e P. viridiconfinis Remane, dalle quali si distingue per la forma dell’edeago; l’unica stazione di raccolta è una prateria acquitrinosa a circa 1.800 m s.l.m.; non sono note le piante ospiti.
Simultaneous bilateral spontaneous pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax in a cannabis user
Authors: Vural Sevilay , Zeytin Ahmet Tuğrul , Kaya Şeyhmus , Öztürk Barış
Published: April 2019

Cannabis – the most commonly used illegal drug – also has some medical applications. Cannabis is being legalised more and more in the Western world, however it is not a safe substance as many people think. It can cause detrimental acute and chronic lung injuries such as bullous lung disease, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, pulmonary emphysema. A clear mechanism for acute pulmonary pathologies has not been established, but pneumothorax and/or pneumomediastinum can be considered as a typical presentation in cannabis users. We present a cannabis user case with simultaneous pneumomediastinum and bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax.
Insights into the morphology of multicomponent organic and inorganic aerosols from molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Karadima Katerina S. , Mavrantzas Vlasis G. , Pandis Spyros N.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. We explore the
morphologies of multicomponent nanoparticles through atomistic molecular
dynamics simulations under atmospherically relevant conditions. The particles
investigated consist of both organic (cis-pinonic acid – CPA,
3-methyl-1,2,3-butanetricarboxylic acid – MBTCA,
n-C20H42, n-C24H50,
n-C30H62 or mixtures thereof) and inorganic (sulfate,
ammonium and water) compounds. The effects of relative humidity, organic mass
content and type of organic compound present in the nanoparticle are
investigated. Phase separation is predicted for almost all simulated
nanoparticles either between organics and inorganics or between hydrophobic
and hydrophilic constituents. For oxygenated organics, our simulations
predict an enrichment of the nanoparticle surface in organics, often in the
form of islands depending on the level of humidity and organic mass fraction,
giving rise to core–shell structures. In several cases the organics separate
from the inorganics, especially from the ions. For particles containing
water-insoluble linear alkanes, separate hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains
are predicted to develop. The surface partitioning of organics is enhanced as
the humidity increases. The presence of organics in the interior of the
nanoparticle increases as their overall mass fraction in the nanoparticle
increases, but this also depends on the humidity conditions. Apart from the
organics–inorganics and hydrophobics–hydrophilics separation, our
simulations predict a third type of separation (layering) between CPA and
MBTCA molecules under certain conditions.
European NOx emissions in WRF-Chem derived from OMI: impacts on summertime surface ozone
Authors: Visser Auke J. , Boersma K. Folkert , Ganzeveld Laurens N. , Krol Maarten C.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Ozone (O3) is a secondary air pollutant that negatively affects human and ecosystem health. Ozone simulations with regional air quality models suffer from unexplained biases over Europe, and uncertainties in the emissions of ozone precursor group nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) contribute to these biases. The goal of this study is to use NO2 column observations from the OMI satellite sensor to infer top-down NOx emissions in the regional meteorology-chemistry model WRF-Chem, and to evaluate the impact on simulated surface O3 with in situ observations. We first perform a simulation for July 2015 over Europe and evaluate its performance against in situ observations from the AirBase network. The spatial distribution of mean ozone concentrations is reproduced satisfactorily. However, the simulated maximum daily 8-hour ozone concentration (MDA8 O3) is underestimated (mean bias error (MBE) = −14.2 μg m−3), and its spread is too low. We subsequently derive satellite-constrained surface NOx emissions using a mass balance approach based on the relative difference between OMI and WRF-Chem NO2 columns. The method accounts for feedbacks through OH, NO2's dominant daytime oxidant. Our optimized European NOx emissions amount to 0.50 Tg N (for July 2015), 0.18 Tg N higher than the bottom-up emissions (which lacked agricultural soil NOx emissions). Much of the increases occur across Europe, in regions where agricultural soil NOx emissions dominate. Our best estimate of soil NOx emissions in July 2015 is 0.1 Tg N, much higher than the bottom-up 0.02 Tg N natural soil NOx emissions from the MEGAN model. A simulation with satellite-updated NOx emissions reduces the systematic bias between WRF-Chem and OMI NO2 (slope = 0.98, r2 = 0.84), and reduces the low bias against independent surface NO2 measurements by 1.1 μg m−3 (−56 %). Following these NOx emission changes, daytime ozone is strongly affected, since NOx emission changes particularly affect daytime ozone formation. Monthly averaged simulated daytime ozone increases by 6.0 μg m−3, and increases of >10 μg m−3 are seen in regions with large emission increases. With respect to the initial simulation, MDA8 O3 has an improved spatial distribution, expressed by an increase in r2 from 0.40 to 0.53, and a reduced mean bias (−7.4 μg m−3, −48 %). Overall, our results highlight the dependence of surface ozone on its precursor NOx and demonstrate that simulations of surface ozone benefit from constraining surface NOx emissions by satellite NO2 column observations.
A case study of the large-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances in the East Asian sector during the 2015 St. Patrick’s Day geomagnetic storm
Authors: Liu Jing , Zhang Dong-He , Coster Anthea J. , Zhang Shun-Rong , Ma Guan-Yi , Hao Yong-Qiang , Xiao Zuo
Published: April 2019

Abstract. This study gives the first observation of the large-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (LSTIDs) in the East Asian sector during the 2015 St. Patrick’s Day (March 17, 2015) geomagnetic storm. For the first time, 3 dense networks of GPS receivers in China and Japan are combined together to obtain the 2-dimensional (2D) vertical total electron content (VTEC) perturbation maps in a wider longitudinal range than previous works in this region. Results show that a negative LSTID spanning at least 60° in longitude (80° E–140° E) occurs and propagating from high to lower latitudes around 09:40–11:20 UT. It is followed by a positive LSTID which shows a tendency of dissipation starting from the East side. The manifestation of the 2D VTEC perturbation maps is in good agreement with the recordings from 2 high-frequency Doppler shift stations and the iso-frequency lines from 8 ionosondes. Then, the propagation parameters of the LSTIDs are estimated by applying least square fitting methods to the distinct structures in the 2D VTEC perturbation plots. In general, the propagation parameters are observably longitudinal dependent. For example, the propagation direction is almost due southward between 105° E–115° E, while it is slightly South by West/East in the West/East side of this region. This feature is probably related to the regional geomagnetic declination. The mean values of the period, trough velocity (Vt), crest velocity (Vc), and wavelength of the wavelike LSTIDs in the studied longitudinal bands are 74.8 ± 1.4 minutes, 578 ± 16 m/s, 617 ± 23 m/s, and 2691 ± 80 km, respectively. Finally, using the VTEC map data from the Madrigal database of the MIT Haystack Observatory, the characteristics of the ionospheric disturbances over the European sector (30° N–70° N, 10° E–20° E) are also studied. The results are very different from those in the East Asian sector in parameters like the occurrence time, oscillation period, and propagation velocities.
Ideas and perspectives: Development of nascent autotrophic carbon fixation systems in various redox conditions of the fluid degassing on early Earth
Authors: Marakushev Sergey A. , Belonogova Ol'ga V.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The origin and development of the primary autotrophic metabolism on
early Earth were influenced by the two main regimes of degassing of the
Earth – reducing (predominance CH4) and oxidative (CO2). Among
the existing theories of the autotrophic origin of life in hydrothermal
environments, CO2 is usually considered to be the carbon source for nascent
autotrophic metabolism. However, the ancestral carbon used in metabolism may
have been derived from CH4 if the outflow of magma fluid to the surface
of the Earth consisted mainly of methane. In such an environment, the
primary autotrophic metabolic systems had to be methanotrophic. Due to the
absence of molecular oxygen in the Archean conditions, this metabolism would
have been anaerobic; i.e., oxidation of methane must be realized by
inorganic high-potential electron acceptors. In light of the primacy and
prevalence of CH4-dependent metabolism in hydrothermal systems of the
ancient Earth, we propose a model of carbon fixation where the methane is
fixed or transformed in a sequence of reactions in an autocatalytic
methane–fumarate cycle. Nitrogen oxides are thermodynamically the most favorable
among possible oxidants of methane; however, even the activity of oxygen
created by mineral buffers of iron in hydrothermal conditions is sufficient
for methanotrophic acetogenesis. The hydrothermal system model is considered
in the form of a phase diagram, which demonstrates the area of redox and P
and T conditions favorable for the development of the primary methanotrophic
metabolism.
Tree size and age induced stem carbon content variations cause an uncertainty in forest carbon stock estimation
Authors: Ma Suhui , Eziz Anwar , Tian Di , Yan Zhengbing , Cai Qiong , Jiang Mingwei , Ji Chengjun , Fang Jingyun
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Stem carbon (C) content is widely used to present tree C content to estimate forest C stocks. However, size- and age-dependent changes in tree stem C content are still unclear. Based on 576 tree size (expressed by diameter at breast height (DBH) and biomass), age and C content data, our results showed that C content varied significantly among organs, and the mean value of C content for bark, branch, leaf, reproductive organ, root and stem was 48.4 %, 49.2 %, 49.6 %, 50.1 %, 48.8 %, 49.7 %, respectively. C content of stem was significantly correlated with that of leaf, branch and root, while showed no relationship with that of bark and reproductive organ. With the increasing tree size and age, stem C content showed increasing trends. Using stem C content as tree C content could produce an error of -2.49%−5.87% in the estimations of forest C stock. Thus, it is necessary to consider tree organ C content of stand in estimating forest C stock.
Simulating Lightning NOX Production in CMAQv5.2 Using mNLDN, hNLDN, and pNLDN Schemes: Performance Evaluation
Authors: Kang Daiwen , Foley Kristen , Mathur Rohit , Roselle Shawn , Pickering Kenneth , Allen Dale
Published: April 2019

Abstract. This study assesses the impact of the lightning NOX (LNOX) production schemes in the CMAQ model (Kang et al., 2019) on ground-level air quality as well as aloft atmospheric chemistry through detailed evaluation of model predictions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and ozone (O3) with corresponding observations for the U.S. For ground-level evaluations, hourly O3 and NOx from the US EPA's AQS monitoring network are used to assess the impact of different LNOx schemes on model prediction of these species in time and space. Vertical evaluations are performed using ozonesonde and P-3B aircraft measurements during the DISCOVER-AQ campaign conducted in the Baltimore/Washington region during July 2011. The impact on wet deposition of nitrate is assessed using measurements from the National Atmospheric Deposition Program's National Trends Network (NADP/NTN). Compared with the base model (without LNOx), the impact of LNOx on surface O3 varies from region to region depending on the base model conditions. Overall statistics suggest that for regions where surface O3 mixing ratios are already overestimated, the incorporation of additional NOx from lightning generally increased model overestimation of mean daily maximum 8-hr (DM8HR) O3 by 1–2 ppb. In regions where surface O3 is underestimated by the base model, LNOx can significantly reduce the underestimation and bring model predictions close to observations. Analysis of vertical profiles reveals that LNOx can significantly improve the vertical structure of modeled O3 distributions by reducing underestimation aloft, and to a lesser degree decreasing overestimation near the surface. Since the base model underestimates the wet deposition of nitrate in most regions across the modeling domain except the Pacific Coast, the inclusion of LNOx leads to reduction in biases and errors and an increase in correlation coefficients at almost all the NADP/NTN sites. Among the three LNOx schemes described in Kang et al. (2019), the hNLDN scheme, which is implemented using hourly observed lightning flash data from National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN), performs best for the ground-level, vertical profiles, and wet deposition comparisons except that for the accumulated wet deposition of nitrate, the mNLDN scheme (the monthly NLDN-based scheme) performed slightly better. However, when observed lightning flash data are not available, the linear regression-based parameterization scheme, pNLDN, provides an improved estimate for LNOx compared to the base simulation that does not include LNOx.
Glacier elevation and mass changes in Himalayas during 2000–2014
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Debmita , Singh Gulab , Kulkarni Anil V.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Glacier mass balance is a crucial parameter to understand the changes in glaciers. For the Himalayas, it is more complex as glaciers have a heterogeneous pattern of elevation and mass changes. In this study, mass balance using geodetic method is estimated, for which we utilize SRTM and TanDEM-X global digital elevation models (DEMs) of the year 2000 and 2012–2014 respectively. The unique feature of this study is that the dataset are prepared using repeat bistatic synthetic aperture radar interferometry which has not been used over the rugged Himalayan terrains on such a large-scale. The elevation and mass change measurements cover seven states namely Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh. The mean elevation change is −0.45 ± 0.40 m yr−1 and the mass budget is −11.24 ± 0.79 Gt yr−1. However, the cumulative mass loss over the observation period of 2000–2014 is −154.72 ± 19.04 Gt which accounts for approximately 5 % of the total ice-mass present in the Indian Himalayas. This ice-mass loss contributes to 0.42 ± 0.05 mm of sea-level rise. Validation of the mass balance estimate over 20 glaciers for which long-term ground observations were reported gave a coefficient of correlation of 0.79. These 20 glaciers are spread over the entire region of study. Such information shall be helpful in updating the current sparse database we have for the Himalayan glaciers and act as a piece of reliable information for developing various glacier-climate models in the near future.
Qaujimanira: Inuit Art as Autoethnography
Authors: Zawadski Krista Ulujuk
Published: April 2019

Inuit art has a history of representing Inuit ways of life, beliefs, and stories through an autoethnographic lens. An examination of the history of Inuit art reveals the Inuit gaze is dominated by Inuit representations of ourselves, allowing for Inuit agency in what is represented in the art.
Frederick Alexcee's Entangled Gazes
Authors: McCormick Kaitlin
Published: April 2019

This article discusses how Tsimshian artist Frederick Alexcee (1853–1939) represented his community of Lax Kw'alaams (Fort/Port Simpson) in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Created for sale to non-Indigenous people, Alexcee's works in various media reveal a distinctly Tsimshian—and perhaps personal—perspective, which, it is argued, reversed the colonial gaze. Alexcee's artistic perspectives, and the choices he made in determining the content and style of his work present in the ethnographic record, speak to the ways he represented Tsimshian history and identity. Although his work was ostensibly directed at Euro-Canadian settler audiences, the various ways that he decentered, or chose not to represent, European presences in Lax Kw'alaams raise the question of who his works were really for.
“Rather Unusual Stuff”: Nathan Jackson's Early Advent of a Tlingit Modern
Authors: Green Christopher T.
Published: April 2019

This article considers the work of Nathan Jackson, the preeminent Alaskan Tlingit carver and revivalist of the postwar period, who engaged modernist forms and principles in his early career. His paintings, prints, and experiments in textile design combined Tlingit motifs with expressive color fields and abstract space. Developed under instructors associated with modernist movements such as the Indian Space Painters, Jackson's relationship with modernism represents an alternative to the neotraditionalism of his contemporaries. However, despite achieving initial acclaim for his experiments in printmaking and painting, Jackson came to reject this aspect of his training in favor of classical Tlingit forms and practices. Jackson's early oeuvre thus imbricates Euro-American modernism in the history of Northwest Coast Native art alongside the emulation of nineteenth-century forms, and his eventual rejection of modernist styles refutes the relationship between Indigenous and modern art as one of unidirectional appropriation.
Narrative Capability: Self-Recognition and Mutual Recognition in Refugees' Storytelling
Authors: Bonini Baldini Simona
Published: April 2019

“Who are you?” This request for narrative in the testimony of refugees poses the problem of how refugees can define their identity. This determination is the result of a process influenced by external input, where media representations play a central role. This article aims to reflect on the relationship between the process of the recognition of refugees and the act of narration, based on the conceptual bridge between Paul Ricoeur's theoretical thought and Amartya Sen's capability approach.
Mutation Awareness of von Willebrand's Disease in Medical and Genetic Differences Screening: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alzahrani Faisal M. , Hassan Fathelrahman M.
Published: April 2019

There were hospitalized patients diagnosed with Von Willebrand disorders (vWD) in this population medical base study. PubMed search bibliographies extracted applicable studies. Ten studies of 3296 patients diagnosed with vWD have been included in numerous research orders, ranging from 29.7% to 100%. The overall prevalence turned was 83.7% (95% CI 29.7-100%). The prevalence was 99.7 % (95 percent CI 99.3-100 %) higher in African and French research studies compared to 29.7% in America. This variation was pleasing to be as the results of different in these studies, which included the recruitment approach to population evaluation methods, blood loss, ethnic composition, and vWD mutation screening techniques criteria. The objective of this systematic review research was to evaluate the techniques of vWD mutation's screening. The mutation screening and its separate subtypes became a recommendation to use next - generation sequencing (NGS) and multiplex ligation - dependent probe amplification (MLPA) across the globe to check for analytical techniques that needed to be considered specifically for those of Caucasian origin and those with no obvious signs of pathological bleeding
A Counseling Case on Problems of College Students’ Interpersonal Communication
Authors: Liu Jingjing
Published: April 2019

In allusion to psychological problems caused by interpersonal communication, counsel with the theory of humanism, cognitive therapy, and the methods related, to help the visitor exploit potentialities and positive resources contains in herself, rectify unreasonable believes at the same time, increase the confidence and courage to changes in interpersonal relationships, challenges, setbacks, construct a reasonable mode of interpersonal communication, promote the growth and perfect of the personality. Through 5 consultations, the target was basically achieved.
Compound Extended Geometric Distribution and Some of Its Properties
Authors: E Sandhya , C M Latha
Published: April 2019

The compound extended geometric distribution (CEG distribution) is introduced. Probabilities of the distribution are evaluated. Certain statistical, distributional and reliability properties are discussed. The distribution is characterized using S- function. An AR(1) process corresponding to CEG distribution is derived. Simulation and estimation of parameters are done using the method of moments and BHHJ estimation.
Growth of Rice Varieties in Different Kenyan Soil Types Under Water-Deficit Conditions
Authors: Rahab Magoti , Kikuta Mayumi , Chemining’wa George , Kinama Josiah , Kimani John , Samejima Hiroaki , Gicheru Patrick , Makihara Daigo
Published: April 2019

The growth of 20 rice varieties, including both lowland and upland varieties, was evaluated in Kenya under well-watered and water-deficit conditions in four different soil types (black cotton, red clay, volcanic ash, and sandy clay) to compare the adaptability of these varieties to the two water regimes. Under water-deficit condition, after terminating irrigation, the reduction in soil water potential differed markedly according to soil type. The rice varieties tested were classified into four groups, which were largely consistent with differences in rice variety ecotype. We confirmed that lowland varieties such as Basmati 370 should not be considered as a candidate for cultivation under rain-fed upland conditions in Kenya. Furthermore, the results revealed that even potentially high-yielding varieties may not attain their yield potential if the cultivation environment is unsuitable. Although we found that five upland varieties (Dular, IRAT109, NERICA 1, NERICA 4, and Yumenohatamochi) presented relatively higher grain yield under water-deficit conditions in all soil types, individual variety’s grain yield depended on the soil type. Their higher yield is attributable to certain root traits and their yield variations to an interactive effect between root development and soil type. Our results indicated that the varieties Dular, IRAT109, NERICA 1, NERICA 4, and Yumenohatamochi are suitable for cultivation under rain-fed upland conditions across the major rice-growing areas in Kenya and that soil type should be considered when selecting varieties for an area’s maximum productivity.
Determination of Potential Pollinizer Grafted Pear Hybrids (Pyrus communis × Pyrus pyrifolia) for Subtropical Regions in Brazil
Authors: Bisi R. B. , Pio Rafael , Locatelli G. , Tadeu M. H. , Zambon C. R. , Silva D. M.
Published: April 2019

The pear tree is originally a temperate-climate fruit tree. The cross Pyrus communis × Pyrus pyrifolia generated hybrid cultivars adapted to subtropical regions. However, the low effective fruiting is a limiting factor for the expansion of pear tree crops in subtropical regions and no pollinizer plants have been identified for these cultivars in subtropical regions. This work aimed to identify possible pollinizer pear tree cultivars in subtropical regions by evaluating the stigmatic receptivity, the germination percentage, and the number of pollen grains. Seven hybrid pear cultivars were used. Flowers of each cultivar at each floral stage were collected (E, E2, F, F2, and G). The stigmatic receptivity was evaluated by immersing the material in 3% hydrogen peroxide. Flowers were collected for the quantification of anthers, pollen grains per anther and per flower, and pollen grain germination. Stigmas were 100% receptive for all cultivars at the F2 and G stages. Cultivar Cascatense showed a large number of anthers and pollen grains per anther and per flower. The highest pollen grain germination percentage was detected for Cascatense (72.75%). Cultivars Seleta and Triunfo have high stigmatic receptivity for a longer period during the flowering stage, proven to be a potential female parent. Cascatense has a higher germination percentage and a larger number of anthers per flower, pollen grains per anther, and pollen grains per flower. Cascatense has a high potential to be used as a pollinizer, both in pear tree breeding programs and commercial orchards.
Understanding The Purpose and Potential Popularity of Mobile Phone Use in Zambia’s Maize Production
Authors: Mwalupaso Gershom Endelani , Tian Xu , Matafwali Eunice , Mwamba Moses Chansa , Alavo Essiagnon John-Philippe , Ethetie Aseres Mamo , Korotoumou Mariko , Waseem Fariya
Published: April 2019

There is a growing use of mobile phones in rural areas on account of its relative inexpensiveness and lack of requirement for an urban environment. As a platform for accessing information through text messages and voice calls, farmers are able to collect agricultural information which may lead to higher productivity due to technology spillover. If the use of mobile phones contributes to the improvement of farmers’ productivity, their agricultural output level should increase. In this study, we investigate the adoption of mobile phones to obtain agricultural information and its effect on smallholder maize farmers’ production using cross-sectional data from Zambia. Understanding such causal effects is indispensable especially against the background of vision 2030. The propensity score matching (PSM) method was adopted to estimate the average treatment effect of treated of mobile phone adoption in agriculture. We found that the use of mobile phones significantly increases farmers’ productivity, by about 30%. If farmers start to adopt mobile phones to collect agricultural information, the total maize output would also increase by 30.36%, which would culminate in feeding two more people per household daily for the whole year. Therefore, we cautiously conclude that mobile phone use in agriculture serves the purpose of contributing to the fight against hunger via enhancing maize production and this is driving its popularity among smallholder farmers in rural Zambia.
Traditional Varieties of Caupi Submitted to Water Deficit: Physiological and Biochemical Aspects
Authors: Silva Bruno do Nascimento , Paula Stelamaris de Oliveira , Oliveira Joniele Vieira de , Silva Johny de Souza , Magalhães Cândida Hermínia Campos de , Gomes-Filho Enéas , Mesquita Rosilene Oliveira
Published: April 2019

The cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) it is a leguminous widely cultivated in Northeast of Brazil. In the state of Ceara, its cultivation is performed mainly by family farms who make use of traditional varieties of good adaptation to the growing region. Thus, characterizing traditional varieties with characteristics of adaptation to regions with water shortage is essential for the production of food in the world, especially in semi-arid regions. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate the physiological and biochemical responses in three genotypes of cowpea, being two traditional varieties grown in Ceara (Sempre-Verde and Cabeça-de-Gato) and a genotype characterized as a standard of drought tolerance (Pingo-de-Ouro-1,2) under three water regimes: irrigated, moderate deficit and severe water deficit. The parameters evaluated were: gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, photosynthetic pigments, organic solutes (proline, total carbohydrates, reducing and non-reducing carbohydrates), starch and enzyme activity (APX, G-POD, CAT and SOD). The genotype Pingo-de-Ouro-1,2 confirmed its tolerance pattern in a water deficit condition, presenting greater water potential, higher photosynthetic rate, high levels of total carbohydrates and high accumulation of proline. Among the traditional varieties, the Cabeça-de-Gato presented superior photosynthesis to Sempre-Verde higher Electron Transport Rate (ETR), reflecting in a greater photochemical quenching (qP) and a greater accumulation of proline, indicating that this variety presents more pronounced adaptive characteristics for water restriction conditions, which is a common condition to the Brazilian semiarid.
Phytoregulators in the Reproductive and Productive Characteristics of Plants and Physicochemical Characteristics of ‘Packham’s Triumph’ European Pears
Authors: Lima Ana P. F. de , Giovanaz Marcos A. , Amaral Priscila A. , Navroski Renan , Fachinello José C. , Malgarim Marcelo B.
Published: April 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the reproductive, productive and physicochemical characteristics of fruits (fruit volume and soluble solids) of ‘Packham’s Triumph’ pear trees treated with different doses of phytoregulators. The experiment was carried out in the 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 cycles, using 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid (Etefon) and 6-Benzyladenine (BA) phytoregulators, each at doses of 200 and 300 ml L-1. The experimental design consisted of a randomized block with five replicates, where each experimental unit consisted of one plant. Significance was only found for soluble solids in the 2014/2015 harvest, observing that the highest mean was identified in plants treated with 300 ml L-1 Etefon, (15 °Brix), while the lowest soluble solids content was observed with the dose of 200 mg L-1 of NAA, (11 °Brix); in the 2015/2016 crop, the highest number of inflorescences of the year was identified in plants treated with 200 ml L-1 of Etefon, (1.66) and the lowest value for the treatment with 300 ml L-1 of BA, (0.17). Effective fruiting in the value of 58.33% was also observed and verified for the plants treated with 300 mg L-1 of NAA, differing from all except from 200 ml L-1 BA. Only the plant growth regulator, NAA, at the dose of 200 mg L-1 provides low content of soluble solids in the fruits and Etefon 300 mg L-1 provides high content of solids solubles. The lowest number of branch inflorescences of the year was in plants treated with 6-Benzyladenine at a dose of 300 ml L-1 and the highest at a dose of Etefon 200 mg L-1. The NAA dose of 300 mg L-1 and 6-Benzyladenine dose of 200 ml L-1 had greater effective fruiting, but not did not reflect on the production per plant and productive efficiency. There was no benefit observed in the return bloom with the application of phytoregulators. Besides, no benefits were observed in the return bloom with the application of phytoregulators.
Drying of Albedo and Whole Peel of Yellow Passion Fruit
Authors: Silva E. C. O. da , Silva W. P. da , Gomes J. P. , Silva C. M. D. P. S. , Alexandre H. V. , Farias V. S. O. , Melo B. A. de , Queiroz A. J. M. , Figuiredo R. M. F. de
Published: April 2019

The use of waste has been the focus of attention of the agri-food sector, and a fruit with large amount of waste is the passion fruit. Its peel consists of albedo and flavedo, which can be used to manufacture flour, and some studies propose the need to remove the flavedo as well as to perform maceration. The objective of the present work was to study the drying process to produce flour from passion fruit albedo and whole peel, checking the influences of the flavedo removal and maceration steps, as well as the drying temperatures (70 and 80 ºC). Yield after drying was calculated and it was shown to be low. Page, Silva et alii, Henderson and Pabis and Logarithmic mathematical models were fitted to the experimental data using LAB Fit software. The statistical indicators used to identify the best fit were coefficient of determination (R2) and chi-square (χ2). The Page model was the one that fitted best to the data, showing the best statistical indicators. Also, it can also be highlighted that the sample composed of peel without maceration and dried at 70 ºC had the best results regarding the statistical indicators.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 11, No. 6
Authors: Brown Anne
Published: April 2019

Reviewer acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 11, No. 6, 2019.