bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Continuous Preparation of the Record Strength and Toughness Hydrogel Fibers with a Homogeneous Crosslinked Network by Microcrystalline Dispersed Growth
Authors: Zhou Zhou , Chen Shiyan , Han Zhiliang , Qu Xiangyang , Deng Lili , Song Jiale , Zhang Tao , Guan Mengyao , Wang Huaping
Published: October 2024

Homogeneous crosslinked networks can achieve a balance between the strength and toughness of various biological materials, yet continuous synthesis of such networks remains challenging. Here, a strategy involving microcrystal dispersed growth to continuously fabricate hydrogel fibers with a homogeneous crosslinked network through wet spinning is reported. Rapid phase separation induced by solvent exchange under dense entanglement results in a uniform microcrystalline crosslinked network. Salting‐out induced crystal growth within the densified structure, while orientation and structural densification are achieved with the presence of a sacrificial salt template. Through the integration of nucleation, growth, and orientation, the homogeneous crosslinked network is constructed within the hydrogel matrix. Therefore, the strongest hydrogel fiber so far, which also exhibits a range of tunable properties, including strength (0.32 –141.66 MPa) and toughness (0.43 –157.93 MJ m⁻3) across a high‐water content range (40.6% to 86.8%) is reported. This design approach provided a viable strategy for the continuous preparation of ultra‐strong and tough hydrogels with a homogeneous crosslinked network.
Collaborative Enhancement of Diabetic Wound Healing and Skin Regeneration by Recombinant Human Collagen Hydrogel and hADSCs
Authors: Kong Weishi , Bao Yulu , Li Wei , Guan Dingding , Yin Yating , Xiao Yongqiang , Zhu Shihui , Sun Yu , Xia Zhaofan
Published: October 2024

Stem cell‐based therapies hold significant promise for chronic wound healing and skin appendages regeneration, but challenges such as limited stem cell lifespan and poor biocompatibility of delivery systems hinder clinical application. In this study, an in situ delivery system for human adipose‐derived stem cells is developed (hADSCs) to enhance diabetic wound healing. The system utilizes a photo‐crosslinking recombinant human type III collagen (rHCIII) hydrogel to encapsulate hADSCs, termed the hADSCs@rHCIII hydrogel. This hydrogel undergoes local crosslinking at the wound site, establishing a sturdy 3D niche suitable for stem cell function. Consequently, the encapsulated hADSCs exhibit strong attachment and spreading within the hydrogels, maintaining their proliferation, metabolic activity, and viability for up to three weeks in vitro. Importantly, in vivo studies demonstrate that the hADSCs@rHCIII hydrogel achieves significant in situ delivery of stem cells, prolonging their retention within the wound. This ultimately enhances their immunomodulatory capabilities, promotes neovascularization and granulation tissue formation, facilitates matrix remodeling, and accelerates healing in a diabetic mouse wound model. Collectively, these findings highlight the potential of the conveniently‐prepared and user‐friendly hADSCs@rHCIII hydrogel as a promising therapeutic approach for diabetic wound treatment and in situ skin regeneration.
Iron‐MOFs for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Yu Zhihao , Lepoitevin Mathilde , Serre Christian
Published: October 2024

Over the past two decades, iron‐based metal–organic frameworks (Fe‐MOFs) have attracted significant research interest in biomedicine due to their low toxicity, tunable degradability, substantial drug loading capacity, versatile structures, and multimodal functionalities. Despite their great potential, the transition of Fe‐MOFs–based composites from laboratory research to clinical products remains challenging. This review evaluates the key properties that distinguish Fe‐MOFs from other MOFs and highlights recent advances in synthesis routes, surface engineering, and shaping technologies. In particular, it focuses on their applications in biosensing, antimicrobial, and anticancer therapies. In addition, the review emphasizes the need to develop scalable, environmentally friendly, and cost‐effective production methods for additional Fe‐MOFs to meet the specific requirements of various biomedical applications. Despite the ability of Fe‐MOFs–based composites to combine therapies, significant hurdles still remain, including the need for a deeper understanding of their therapeutic mechanisms and potential risks of resistance and overdose. Systematically addressing these challenges could significantly enhance the prospects of Fe‐MOFs in biomedicine and potentially facilitate their integration into mainstream clinical practice.
Precision Photothermal Therapy at Mild Temperature: NIR‐II Imaging‐Guided, H2O2‐Responsive Stealth Nanobomb
Authors: Ma Gongcheng , Ding Qihang , Wang Yue , Zhang Zhiwei , Zhang Yuding , Shi Hui , Cai Lintao , Gong Ping , Zhang Pengfei , Cheng Zhen , Kim Jong Seung
Published: October 2024

The therapeutic efficacy of photothermal therapy (PTT) under mild temperatures (<45 °C) is hindered as cancer cells can activate heat shock proteins (HSPs) to mend fever‐type cellular damage swiftly. The previous attempt fabricated first‐generation nanobombs (nanobomb1G) by self‐assembly of polymeric NIR‐II AIEgens and carbon monoxide (CO) carrier polymer mPEG(CO) to inhibit the expression of HSPs after intratumor injection. A new generation nanobomb (Stealth NanoBomb (SNB)) is developed by self‐assembling small molecular NIR‐II AIEgens with CO carrier polymer PLGA(CO) coated by PEG‐lipid. This design allows for intravenous administration, enabling the SNB to circulate safely in the bloodstream and selectively target cancer cells. Upon accumulation in tumors, the SNB releases CO to effectively suppress HSP expression, enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of mild‐temperature PTT. Compared to the previous generation, the SNB offers a safer, more stable, and more efficient CO gas/drug co‐delivery system for cancer treatment. This work represents a significant advancement in PTT, providing a promising strategy for enhanced antitumor therapy with reduced systemic toxicity.
A Self‐Healing, Flowable, Yet Solid Electrolyte Suppresses Li‐Metal Morphological Instabilities
Authors: He Yubin , Wang Chunyang , Lin Ruoqian , Hu Enyuan , Trask Stephen E. , Li Ju , Xin Huolin L.
Published: October 2024

Lithium metal (Li0) solid‐state batteries encounter implementation challenges due to dendrite formation, side reactions, and movement of the electrode–electrolyte interface in cycling. Notably, voids and cracks formed during battery fabrication/operation are hot spots for failure. Here, a self‐healing, flowable yet solid electrolyte composed of mobile ceramic crystals embedded in a reconfigurable polymer network is reported. This electrolyte can auto‐repair voids and cracks through a two‐step self‐healing process that occurs at a fast rate of 5.6 µm h−1. A dynamical phase diagram is generated, showing the material can switch between liquid and solid forms in response to external strain rates. The flowability of the electrolyte allows it to accommodate the electrode volume change during Li0 stripping. Simultaneously, the electrolyte maintains a solid form with high tensile strength (0.28 MPa), facilitating the regulation of mossy Li0 deposition. The chemistries and kinetics are studied by operando synchrotron X‐ray and in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Solid‐state NMR reveals a dual‐phase ion conduction pathway and rapid Li+ diffusion through the stable polymer‐ceramic interphase. This designed electrolyte exhibits extended cycling life in Li0–Li0 cells, reaching 12 000 h at 0.2 mA cm−2 and 5000 h at 0.5 mA cm−2. Furthermore, owing to its high critical current density of 9 mA cm−2, the Li0–LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) full cell demonstrates stable cycling at 5 mA cm−2 for 1100 cycles, retaining 88% of its capacity, even under near‐zero stack pressure conditions.
In‐Situ Anchoring of Co Single‐Atom Synergistically with Cd Vacancy of Cadmium Sulfide for Boosting Asymmetric Charge Distribution and Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Yang Kaihua , Huang Yicai , Wang Tantan , Li Yiming , Du Yating , Ling Juan , Fan Ziyi , Zhang Chang , Ma Chi
Published: October 2024

In the context of reshaping the energy pattern, designing and synthesizing high‐performance noble metal‐free photocatalysts with ultra‐high atomic utilization for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) still remains a challenge. In a streamlined synthesis process, in‐situ single atom anchoring is performed in parallel with HER by irradiating a precursory defect‐state CdS/Co suspension (Co‐DCdS‐Ss) system under simulated sunlight and the in‐situ synthesizing single‐atom Co photocatalyst (Co5:DCdS) exhibits further improved catalytic performance (60.10 mmol g−1 h−1) compared with Co‐DCdS‐Ss (18.09 mmol g−1 h−1), reaching an apparent quantum yield of 57.6% at 500 nm and a solar‐chemical energy conversion efficiency (SCC) of 6.26% at AM 1.5G. In‐depth characterization tests and density functional theory (DFT) calculations prove that the anchoring of Co single atom deepens the asymmetric charge distribution of the two‐coordination S atom adjacent to the cadmium vacancy (VCd). The synergy between electron delocalization VCd and Co single atom on the catalyst surface is constructed, which bifunctional sites responsible for boosting water adsorption‐dissociation and hydrogen evolution. This study advances the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of synergy between surface defects and metal single atoms and opens a new horizon for the development of advanced materials in the field of photocatalysis.
Ultrahigh Energy‐Storage in Dual‐Phase Relaxor Ferroelectric Ceramics
Authors: Xiong Xin , Liu Hui , Zhang Ji , da Silva Lucas Lemos , Sheng Zhonghui , Yao Yonghao , Wang Ge , Hinterstein Manuel , Zhang Shujun , Chen Jun
Published: October 2024

High‐performance dielectric energy‐storage ceramics are beneficial for electrostatic capacitors used in various electronic systems. However, the trade‐off between reversible polarizability and breakdown strength poses a significant challenge in simultaneously achieving high energy density and efficiency. Here a strategy is presented to address this issue by constructing a dual‐phase structure through in situ phase separation. (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3‐BaTiO3‐based relaxor ferroelectric ceramics are developed, creating a grain‐separated dual perovskite phase structure using a facile solid‐state reaction method. These ceramics feature two interactive relaxor phases with diversified nanoscale polar structures and heterogeneous grain boundaries, synergistically contributing to high polarization with low hysteresis, substantially increased resistivity, and suppressed electrostrain. Remarkably, a record‐high energy density of 23.6 J cm−3 with a high efficiency of 92% under 99 kV mm−1 is achieved in the bulk ceramic capacitor. This strategy holds promise for enhancing overall energy‐storage performance and related functionalities in ferroelectrics.
Dynamically Favorable Ion Channels Enabled by a Hybrid Ionic‐Electronic Conducting Film toward Highly Reversible Zinc Metal Anodes
Authors: Li Huanhuan , Li Jinlong , Wei Chunyan , Wang Yantao , Wang Shiyu , Chen Yuxin , Bai Guangyue , Zhuo Kelei , Bai Zhengyu , Lu Jun
Published: October 2024

Aqueous zinc ion batteries show great promise for future applications due to their high safety and ecofriendliness. However, nonuniform dendrite growth and parasitic reactions on the Zn anode have severely impeded their use. Herein, a hybrid ionic‐electronic conducting ink composed of graphene‐like carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) and conductive polymers (CP) of poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is introduced to Zn anode using a scalable spray‐coating strategy. Notably, the g‐C3N4 promotes a screening effect, disrupting the coulombic interaction between the PEDOT+ segments and PSS− chains within CP, thereby reducing interfacial resistance and homogenizing the surface electric field distribution of the Zn anode. Furthermore, the abundant N‐containing species and ─SO3− groups in g‐C3N4/CP exhibit strong zincophilicity, which accelerates the diffusion of Zn2+ and disrupts the solvation structure of Zn(H2O)62+, thus improving the Zn2+ transfer capability. Consequently, the g‐C3N4/CP can powerfully stabilize the Zn2+ flux and thus enable a high coulombic efficiency of 99.47% for 1500 cycles and smooth Zn plating/stripping behaviors more than 3000 h at a typical current density of 1 mA cm−2. These findings shed new light on the Zn electrodeposition process under the mediation of g‐C3N4/CP and offer sustainability considerations in designing more stable Zn‐metal anodes with enhanced reversibility.
Efficient, Stable Blue Light‐Emitting Diodes Enabled by Heterostructural Alteration of ZnSeTe Quantum Dot and Functionalization of ZnMgO
Authors: Yoon Suk‐Young , Kim Yang‐Hee , Lee Sun‐Hyoung , Yang Hyungmin , Jo Dae‐Yeon , Kim Hyun‐Min , Kim Yuri , Park Seong Min , Choi Sin Won , Yang Heesun
Published: October 2024

Environment‐benign ZnSeTe quantum dots (QDs) are regarded promising blue electroluminescent (EL) emitters alternative to Cd‐based ones for the next‐generation QD‐display platform. Herein, the core/shell heterostructural variation of blue‐emitting ternary ZnSeTe QDs by manipulating ZnSeTe core size (small versus large) and ZnSe inner shell thickness (thin versus thick), while ZnS outer shell thickness remains unaltered, is explored. EL outcomes of the resulting core/shell QDs having photoluminescence quantum yields of 59−80% within the blue color regime (454−463 nm) are found to be dependent on their heterostructural dimension, exhibiting the highest performances of 31709 cd m−2 in luminance and 11.4% in external quantum efficiency (EQE) from large‐ZnSeTe/thick‐ZnSe/ZnS QDs. Furthermore, to address the chronic issues of excessive electron injection and exciton quenching at emitting layer/electron transport layer (ETL) interface, the surface of ZnMgO (ZMO) nanoparticle (NP) is modified by bicarbonate functional species. Bicarbonate passivation not only leads to the effective reduction of defective sites on the ZMO NP surface toward the suppression of exciton quenching but induces the upshift of ETL band alignment in favor of charge balance. As a result, the optimized blue device incorporated with bicarbonate‐functionalized ZMO NPs delivers a peak luminance of 39739 cd m−2 and a maximum EQE of 17.1%.
Enhancing Color Gamut with Wavelength‐Selective Polarization Modulation in Chiral Liquid Crystals
Authors: Park Hyewon , Kim Juyeol , Park Geonhyeong , Yoon Dong Ki
Published: October 2024

Dichroic dye‐doped liquid crystal (LC) films are extensively developed to mimic the polarization‐dependent coloration found in nature, demonstrating potential applications in various optical devices, like displays. However, despite their remarkable optical anisotropy and functional potential, achieving precise coloration, especially green hues, in dichroic dye‐based films remains challenging due to the inherently broad absorption bands of the dyes. In this study, a straightforward and effective platform is proposed to extend the color gamut of dichroic dye‐doped LC films by utilizing cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) as wavelength‐selective polarization modulators. CLCs induce continuous optical rotation across the visible spectrum, enabling modulation of the polarization state of transmitted light. By systematically analyzing the optical properties of CLC, red, and cyan dichroic film‐based trilayer systems, the study demonstrates that simultaneous wavelength‐ and polarization‐selective absorption significantly extends the color gamut beyond that of conventional dichroic films. The findings indicate that the strategic positioning and alignment direction of dichroic films allow for precise control over transmission colors, making it possible to achieve previously unattainable green hues and a wider range of color variations.
Electrodialysis as a Method for LiOH Production: Cell Configurations and Ion‐Exchange Membranes
Authors: Amores Marco , Ang Kwang Loon , Nikoloski Aleksandar N. , Pozo‐Gonzalo Cristina
Published: October 2024

Lithium hydroxide (LiOH) is rapidly becoming the main precursor for layered oxide cathodes used in lithium ion batteries. Current hydrometallurgical method for LiOH production uses substantial amounts of chemicals and creates wastes, leaving behind a negative environmental footprint. Electrodialysis is emerging as a more sustainable technology for LiOH production, effectively eliminating the conventional chemical addition step and its subsequent waste management. Additionally, hydrogen is generated as a by‐product during the electrodialysis process. Various configurations of the electrodialysis cell have been employed to maximize the energy efficiency of the process and the purity of the LiOH product. Nonetheless, this review found that there is a lack of concerted effort in developing ion exchange membranes specific for LiOH production. Current membrane technologies are not tailored to LiOH production, with limited selectivity to lithium in relative to other monovalent cations, as well as relying heavily on harmful perfluoroalkyl (PFA)‐based polymeric membranes. In this review, special attention is given to the state of the art in the testing and development of membranes, i.e., cation and anion exchange membranes, bipolar membranes, as well as novel membranes that are potentially low‐cost, non‐fluorinated, lithium‐selective with high chemical stability and mechanical robustness.
Discovery of Ketal‐Ester Ionizable Lipid Nanoparticle with Reduced Hepatotoxicity, Enhanced Spleen Tropism for mRNA Vaccine Delivery
Authors: Lv Kai , Yu Zhenlei , Wang Jing , Li Na , Wang Apeng , Xue Tiezheng , Wang Qixin , Shi Yanqin , Han Lu , Qin Wei , Gong Jiaqi , Song Huijuan , Zhang Tingting , Chang Chunyan , Chen Hua , Zhong Xijun , Ding Jian , Chen Rui , Liu Mingliang , Zhang Weiguo , Cen Shan , Dong Yijie
Published: October 2024

The safety and efficacy of the lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery system are crucial for the successful development of messenger RNA vaccines. We designed and synthesized a series of ketal ester lipids (KELs), featuring a biodegradable ketal moiety in the linker and ester segments in the tail. Through iterative optimization of the head and tail groups of KELs, we tuned the pKa and molecular shapes, and identified (4S)‐KEL12 as a safe and efficient ionizable lipid for mRNA delivery. (4S)‐KEL12 LNP showed significantly higher delivery efficacy and lower toxicity than the DLin‐MC3‐DMA LNP. In comparison to SM‐102 LNP, (4S)‐KEL12 LNP exhibited better spleen tropism, reduced liver tropism, and hepatotoxicity. Additionally, (4S)‐KEL12 demonstrated good biodegradability following intramuscular or intravenous injection. Notably, (4S)‐KEL12 LNP encapsulated with a therapeutic mRNA cancer vaccine elicited robust cellular immune responses leading to substantial tumor regression along with prolonged survival in tumor‐bearing mice. Our results suggest that (4S)‐KEL12 LNP holds great promise for mRNA vaccine delivery. The comprehensive analysis of the structure‐activity relationship, toxicity, biodegradability, distribution, expression, efficacy, and stereochemistry of these LNPs will greatly contribute to the rational design and discovery of novel lipid‐based delivery systems.
Non‐linear Photoexcited Negative Differential Conductivity in Bulk SrTiO3 Single Crystals
Authors: Newing Alexander Connor , Alexe Marin
Published: October 2024

Current density curves for the [100], [110], and [111] crystallographic directions of photoexcited, nominally pure, bulk SrTiO3 are studied, revealing a strong anisotropy between these crystallographic directions. In the [110] direction two distinct peaks in the current‐voltage characteristics with two different negative differential conductivity regions are distinguishable. The two regions can be explained with two different mechanisms, one based on field‐enhanced trapping and the second the transferred electron effect based on two‐valley conduction band interacting with a trap. Photoluminescence spectra revealed Cr impurities to be the potential origin of the current density anisotropy. In the high temperatures range and low photon fluxes the photoconductivity follows a classical Hecht model with a mu‐tau (μτ) value up to 10−4 cm2 V−1.
Resolving Scaling Issues in Self‐Assembled Monolayer‐Based Perovskite Solar Modules via Additive Engineering
Authors: Pininti Anil Reddy , Subbiah Anand Selvin , Deger Caner , Yavuz Ilhan , Prasetio Adi , Dally Pia , Hnapovskyi Vladyslav , Said Ahmed Ali , Torres Merino Luis Victor , Mannar Subhashri , Zhumagali Shynggys , Vishal Badri , Marengo Marco , Razzaq Arsalan , Babics Maxime , Allen Thomas G. , Aydin Erkan , Azmi Randi , De Wolf Stefaan
Published: October 2024

Molecular self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs), anchored on a transparent conductive oxide, serve as a class of effective hole‐selective contacts in high‐performance lab‐scale perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, scaling these SAM‐based PSCs to large‐area modules introduces challenges, such as the de‐wetting of the perovskite ink on glass around P1 scribe zones—a part of the module design – which compromises film uniformity and reproducibility. To overcome these coverage anomalies, the study incorporates 1,3‐dimethyl‐3,4,5,6‐tetrahydro‐2(1H)‐pyrimidinone (DMPU) into the SAM solution, enhancing the interaction between the SAM and the perovskite ink and improving wettability. The approach leads to the fabrication of wide‐bandgap (1.67 eV) PSCs with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of up to 22.4% for small‐area devices (0.057 cm2) and 20% for perovskite mini‐modules (9.8 cm2) with high reproducibility. Additionally, the target devices demonstrate enhanced photostability, maintaining 80% of their initial PCE after 490 hours of maximum power point tracking under continuous 1‐sun illumination. This study identifies the key challenges in scaling up SAM‐based perovskite modules and presents a promising strategy for fabricating scalable SAM‐based perovskite modules.
Optimum source, rate, timing, and placement of phosphorus fertilizer for Illinois soybean
Authors: Nakayama Yuhei , Leon Patricia , Douglass Michael , Becker Talon , Margenot Andrew J.
Published: October 2024

Consistent increases in soybean (Glycine max L.) grain yields over the past decades in Illinois have co‐increased P demand, but—as for many US Midwest states—P fertilizer recommendations are outdated. We evaluated soybean grain yield, P uptake and removal with grain harvest, and P use efficiency in 4 site‐years of field trials on Argiudolls‐Endoaquolls and Fragiudalfs‐Hapludalfs under annual P application treatments of source (monoammonium phosphate [MAP], diammonium phosphate [DAP], triple superphosphate [TSP]), rate (partial vs. full maintenance rate), and timing–placement combination (fall and spring broadcast, spring banding). Substituting ammonium phosphate fertilizers, the most commonly used P fertilizers in the US Midwest, with N‐free TSP supported similar yields and resulted in similar P removal as hypothesized, while avoiding co‐applied N that can be subject to losses primarily via leaching. Soybean yield and grain P removal were unresponsive to rate, timing, and placement even at the partial rate, although banding and spring application may have reduced N loss risk for MAP and DAP. Given the challenges in accurately estimating P removal rate by grain harvest due to the variability in yield and grain P concentrations across years, assessment of P use efficiency should focus on long‐term balance between fertilization (input) and crop removal (output).
Mechanism of hierarchical plasmonic biomaterials engineered through peptide‐directed self‐assembly
Authors: Amer Lubna , Retout Maurice , Jin Zhicheng , Kakanar Sumathi , Jokerst Jesse V.
Published: October 2024

Hierarchical plasmonic biomaterials constructed from small nanoparticles (NPs) that combine into larger micron‐sized structures exhibit unique properties that can be harnessed for various applications. Using diffusion‐limited aggregation (DLA) and defined peptide sequences, we developed fractal silver biomaterials with a Brownian tree structure. This method avoids complex redox chemistry and allows precise control of interparticle distance and material morphology through peptide design and concentration. Our systematic investigation revealed how peptide charge, length, and sequence impact biomaterial morphology, confirming that peptides act as bridging motifs between particles and induce coalescence. Characterization through spectroscopy and microscopy demonstrated that arginine‐based peptides are optimal for fractal assembly based on both quantitative and qualitative measurements. Additionally, our study of diffusion behavior confirmed the effect of particle size, temperature, and medium viscosity on nanoparticle mobility. This work also provides insights into the facet distribution in silver NPs and their assembly mechanisms, offering potential advancements in the design of materials for medical, environmental, and electronic applications.
Productive CHO cell lines selection in biopharm process development through machine learning on metabolomic dynamics
Authors: Barberi Gianmarco , Benedetti Antonio , Diaz‐Fernandez Paloma , Sévin Daniel C. , Vappiani Johanna , Finka Gary , Bezzo Fabrizio , Facco Pierantonio
Published: October 2024

The identification of highly productive cell lines is crucial in the development of bioprocesses for the production of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Metabolomics data provide valuable information for cell line selection and allow the study of the relationship with mAb productivity and product quality attributes. We propose a novel robust machine learning procedure which, exploiting dynamic metabolomic data from the Ambr®15 scale, supports the selection of highly productive cell lines during biopharmaceutical bioprocess development and scale‐up. The metabolomic profiles dynamics allows to identify the cell lines with high productivity, already in the early stages of experimentation, and the biomarkers that are the most related to mAb productivity, finding at the same time the key metabolic pathways for discriminating mAb productivity. Specifically, tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways are predominant in the early stages of the cultivation, while amino and nucleotide sugar pathways influence in the late stages of the culture.
A preliminary review of the utility of artificial intelligence to detect eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Rajan Jayanth , Rosen Ross , Karasik Daniel , Richter John , Cabrera Claudia , D'Anza Brian , Rodriguez Kenneth , Rangarajan Sanjeet V.
Published: October 2024

Key points

While typically diagnosed with biopsy, ECRS may be predicted preoperatively with the use of AI.

Various AI models have been used, with pooled sensitivity of 0.857 and specificity of 0.850.

We found no statistically significant difference between the accuracy of various AI models.
Thin Zinc Electrodes Stabilized with Organobromine‐Partnered H2O−Zn−MeOH Cluster Ions for Practical Zinc‐Metal Pouch Cells
Authors: Ji Jie , Du Haoran , Zhu Zhenglu , Qi Xiaoqun , Zhou Fei , Li Rui , Jiang Ruining , Qie Long , Huang Yunhui
Published: October 2024

The utilization of thin zinc (Zn) anodes with a high depth of discharge is an effective strategy to increase the energy density of aqueous Zn metal batteries (ZMBs), but challenged by the poor reversibility of Zn electrode due to the serious Zn‐consuming side reactions at the Zn||electrolyte interface. Here, we introduce 2‐bromomethyl‐1,3‐dioxolane (BDOL) and methanol (MeOH) as electrolyte additive into aqueous ZnSO4 electrolyte. In the as‐formulated electrolyte, BDOL with a strong electron‐withdrawing group (−CH2Br) tends to pair with the H2O−Zn−MeOH complex, leading to the formation of organobromine‐partnered H2O−Zn−MeOH cluster ions. During the Zn electrodeposition process, the formed ZnO‐dominated by‐products induce the polymerization of BDOL monomers, which are previously adsorbed on the electrode. As a result, a uniform dual‐layer SEI with ZnO‐dominated outer layer and polyether‐dominated inner layer is built on the surface of Zn electrode. With such an in situ formed dual‐layer SEI, the Zn||Mg0.9Mn3O7 ⋅ 2.7H2O pouch cell using a 10‐um Zn anode (corresponding to a low negative to positive areal capacity ratio of 3.56) successfully operated for 300 cycles with a high capacity retention of 86 %, promising a high practical energy density of >120 Wh/kg (based on the total mass of Zn and Mg0.9Mn3O7 ⋅ 2.7H2O).
Schnelle kollektive Wasserstoffbrückenbindungsdynamik in Hexafluorisopropanol im Kontext seiner chemischen Aktivität
Authors: Caporaletti Federico , Gunkel Lucas , Fernández‐Ibáñezhttps M. Ángeles , Hunger Johannes , Woutersen Sander
Published: October 2024

Die Verwendung von fluorierten Monoalkoholen, insbesondere von Hexafluorisopropanol (HFIP), als Lösungsmittel kann chemische Reaktion auf spektakuläre Weise beschleunigen. Frühere Arbeiten haben gezeigt, dass diese erhöhte Reaktivität mit der Wasserstoffbrückenbindungsstruktur dieser Flüssigkeiten zusammenhängt. Hier untersuchen wir die Wasserstoffbrückenbindungsdynamik von HFIP und vergleichen sie mit der seines nicht fluorierten Analogons, Isopropanol. Ultraschnelle Infrarotspektroskopie zeigt, dass die Dynamik einzelner Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen in HFIP etwa doppelt so langsam ist wie in Isopropanol. Überraschenderweise legen dielektrische Spektren das umgekehrte Verhalten für die Dynamik von Wasserstoffbrücken‐gebundenen Clustern nahe: kollektive Umlagerungen sind in HFIP dreimal schneller als in Isopropanol. Dieser Unterschied deutet darauf hin, dass die Wasserstoffbrücken‐gebundenen Cluster in HFIP kleiner sind als in Isopropanol. Die Unterschiede in der Clustergröße lassen sich durch Unterschiede in den Stärken der Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen erklären. Die geringere Clustergröße in HFIP kann Reaktionen beschleunigen, da die Konzentration der reaktiven, endständigen OH‐Gruppen der Cluster erhöht ist, während die schnelle kollektive Dynamik die Geschwindigkeit der Bildung von Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen mit den Reaktanden begünstigen kann. Die längere Lebensdauer der einzelnen Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen in HFIP kann die Stabilität der Wasserstoffbrücken‐gebundenen Cluster erhöhen und damit die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Ausbildung von Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen zwischen Reaktanden und Lösungsmittel steigern.
Inhomogeneous Coordination in High‐Entropy O3‐Type Cathodes Enables Suppressed Slab Gliding and Durable Sodium Storage
Authors: Zhao Shengyu , Ning Fanghua , Yu Xuan , Guo Baiyu , Teófilo Reinaldo F. , Huang Jianyu , Shi Qinhao , Wu Shuang , Feng Wuliang , Zhao Yufeng
Published: October 2024

O3‐type layered oxides are highly promising cathodes for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), however they undergo complex phase transitions and exhibit high sensibility to air, leading to subpar cycling performance and commercial viability. In this work, we report a layered cathode material (NaNi0.29Cu0.1Mg0.05Li0.05Mn0.2Ti0.2Sn0.11O2) with a sate‐of‐the‐art high‐entropy compositional design. We unveil that such a configuration featuring inhomogeneous coordination environment of transition metal (TM) elements, can enable enhanced gliding energy (−0.38 vs −0.58 eV) of TMO2 slabs upon desodiation both theoretically and experimentally, which underlies the fundamental origin of the outstanding structural stability of HEO materials. As a consequence, the complex phase transitions (O3−O′3−P3−P′3−P3′−O3′) of conventional O3‐type cathode have been eliminated, and the as‐obtained material demonstrates exceptional structural robustness and integrity with an ultra‐long cycle life in a quasi‐solid‐state cell (maintaining 73.2 % capacity after 1000 cycles at 2 C). Moreover, the material presents satisfactory air stability, with minimal structural and electrochemical degradation when directly exposed to the air. An Ah‐scale pouch cell based on the cathode material is constructed, demonstrating a capacity retention of 83.6 % after 500 cycles, signaling substantial promise for commercial applications.
Chiral Co‐assembly Based on a Stimuli‐Responsive Polymer towards Amplified Full‐Color Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Zhao Wen‐Long , Guo Wei‐Chen , Tan Ke.‐Ke , Yu Zhen‐Xing , Li Meng , Chen Chuan‐Feng
Published: October 2024

Stimuli‐responsive circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials have been attaching wide attention in the field of optical information storage and encryption, while still facing the challenge of the realization of high luminescence dissymmetry factors (glum). This work presents a pair of stimuli‐responsive chiral co‐assemblies P7R3 and P7S3 by combining polymer PFIQ containing iso‐quinoline units with chiral inducers. The obtained chiral co‐assemblies can reversibly undergo significant modification in CPL behavior under trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) fumigation and annealing treatment, with the |glum| values exhibiting a reversible shift between 0.2 and 0.3. Moreover, the chiral co‐assemblies before TFA fumigating can effectively induce achiral emitters to generate intense full‐color CPL signals through CPL energy transfer (CPL‐ET), with the corresponding |glum| values larger than 0.2. Moreover, information encryption and decryption as well as a multi‐level logic gates application are achieved by leveraging the reversible stimuli‐responsive CPL activity of the chiral co‐assembly. This work provides a new perspective for the construction of stimuli‐responsive chiral luminescent materials with large |glum| values and the activation of CPL behavior in achiral emitters.
Electric‐Field Catalysis on Carbon Nanotubes in Electromicrofluidic Reactors: Monoterpene Cyclizations
Authors: Jozeliūnaitė Augustina , Guo Shen‐Yi , Sakai Naomi , Matile Stefan
Published: October 2024

The control over the movement of electrons during chemical reactions with oriented external electric fields (OEEFs) has been predicted to offer a general approach to catalysis. Recently, we suggested that many problems to realize electric‐field catalysis in practice under scalable bulk conditions could possibly be solved on multiwalled carbon nanotubes in electromicrofluidic reactors. Here, we selected monoterpene cyclizations to assess the scope of our system in organic synthesis. We report that electric‐field catalysis can function by stabilizing both anionic and cationic transition states, depending on the orientation of the applied field. Moreover, electric‐field catalysis can promote reactions which are barely accessible by general Brønsted and Lewis acids and field‐free anion‐π and cation‐π interactions, and drive chemoselectivity toward intrinsically disfavored products without the need for pyrene interfacers attached to the substrate to prolong binding to the carbon nanotubes. Finally, interfacing with chiral organocatalysts is explored and evidence against contributions from redox chemistry is provided.
Building Ultrastrong, Tough and Biodegradable Thermoplastic Elastomers from Multiblock Copolyesters Via a “Reserve‐Release” Crystallization Strategy
Authors: Miao Xiangyu , Han Rui , Tian Juan , Ma Yuanchi , Müller Alejandro J. , Li Zhibo
Published: October 2024

Simultaneously attaining high strength and toughness has been a significant challenge in designing thermoplastic elastomers, especially biodegradable ones. In this context, we present a class of biodegradable elastomers based on multiblock copolyesters that afford extraordinary strength, toughness, and low‐strain resilience despite expedient chemical synthesis and sample processing. With the incorporation of the semi‐crystalline soft block and the judicious selection of block periodicity, the thermoplastic materials feature low quiescent crystallinity (“reserve”) albeit with vast potential for strain‐induced crystallization (“release”), resulting in their significantly enhanced ultimate strength and energy‐dissipating capabilities. Moreover, a breadth of mechanical responses of the materials – from reinforced elastomers to shape‐memory materials to toughened thermoplastics – can be achieved by orthogonal variation of segment lengths and ratios. This work and the “reserve‐release” crystallization strategy herein highlight the double crystalline multiblock chain architecture as a potential avenue towards reconciling the strength‐toughness trade‐off in thermoplastic elastomers and can possibly be extended to other biodegradable building blocks to deliver functional materials with diverse mechanical performances.
Strontium Doped IrOx Triggers Direct O−O Coupling to Boost Acid Water Oxidation Electrocatalysis
Authors: Zhang Wuyong , Zhu Caihan , Wen Yingjie , Wang Minli , Lu Zhiyi , Wang Yunan
Published: October 2024

The discovery of efficient and stable electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acidic conditions is crucial for the commercialization of proton‐exchange membrane water electrolyzers. In this work, we propose a Sr(OH)2‐assisted method to fabricate a (200) facet highly exposed strontium‐doped IrOx catalyst to provide available adjacent iridium sites with lower Ir−O covalency. This design facilitates direct O−O coupling during the acidic water oxidation process, thereby circumventing the high energy barrier associated with the generation of *OOH intermediates. Benefiting from this advantage, the resulting Sr−IrOx catalyst exhibits an impressive overpotential of 207 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 0.5 M H2SO4. Furthermore, a PEMWE device utilizing Sr−IrOx as the anodic catalyst demonstrates a cell voltage of 1.72 V at 1 A cm−2 and maintains excellent stability for over 500 hours. Our work not only provides guidance for the design of improved acidic OER catalysts but also encourages the development of iridium‐based electrocatalysts with novel mechanisms for other electrocatalytic reactions.
Oxytocin Analogues for the Oral Treatment of Abdominal Pain
Authors: Kremsmayr Thomas , Schober Gudrun , Kaltenböck Matthias , Hoare Bradley L. , Brierley Stuart M. , Muttenthaler Markus
Published: October 2024

Abdominal pain presents an onerous reality for millions of people affected by gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The oxytocin receptor (OTR) has emerged as a new analgesic drug target with OTR expression upregulated on colon‐innervating nociceptors in chronic visceral hypersensitivity states, accessible via luminal delivery. However, the low gastrointestinal stability of OTR's endogenous peptide ligand oxytocin (OT) is a bottleneck for therapeutic development. Here, we report the development of potent and fully gut‐stable OT analogues, laying the foundation for a new area of oral gut‐specific peptide therapeutics. Ligand optimisation guided by structure‐gut‐stability‐activity relationships yielded highly stable analogues (t1/2>24 h, compared to t1/2<10 min of OT in intestinal fluid) equipotent to OT (~3 nM) and with enhanced OTR selectivity. Intra‐colonic administration of the lead ligand significantly reduced colonic mechanical hypersensitivity in a concentration‐dependent manner in a mouse model of chronic abdominal pain. Moreover, oral administration of the lead ligand also displayed significant analgesia in this abdominal pain mouse model. The generated ligands and employed strategies could pave the way to a new class of oral gut‐specific peptides to study and combat chronic gastrointestinal disorders, an area with substantial unmet medical needs.
Preparation of high‐performance polymer sensitive membrane for rapid and sensitive detection of ammonium ions in aqueous solution
Authors: Li Tianbing , Lu Xiaozhen , Chen Haonan , Cai Junlong , Gao Hongbo , Zhu Xuewu , Yu Jian , Li Guangchao
Published: October 2024

Polymer sensitive membrane is a key component of the ammonium ion selective electrode (ISE). Developing a high‐performance ammonium ion polymer sensitive membrane can promote production and application of the electrode, reducing costs and simplifying ammonia nitrogen detection. In this study, we modified the surface of the ammonium ion selective membrane and synthesized a low‐cost antimicrobial material by anchoring the broad‐spectrum antimicrobial agent, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), on the surface of two‐dimensional transition metal car‐ bides (Ti3C2Tx MXene). This material can be used as a carrier to avoid the release of AgNPs. The inorganic antimicrobial agent AgNPs@MXene was adhered to the surface of the ammonium ion‐selective membrane by polydopamine, forming an antimicrobial coating. The modified ammonium ion‐selective electrode had a rapid response time of 12 s, with an average response time of 12.4 s. After repeated tests, a lower detection limit of 5.89 × 10−7 (10−6.23) mol/L was achieved in ammonium chloride solution. These results indicate that the ammonium ion monitoring electrode we prepared can effectively monitor ammonia nitrogen concentration in sewage and wastewater over a long period of time. This also enhances the service life of the ammonium ISE and reduces maintenance costs for the sensor.
Synthesis and Optical Properties of Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid [(18‐Crown‐6)K][MoOCl4(H2O)]
Authors: Ghosh Animesh , Saikia Sajid , Molokeev Maxim S. , Nag Angshuman
Published: October 2024

Crown ether anchored organic‐inorganic hybrid halides have been recently reported as interesting luminescent materials in the visible region of electromagnetic spectrum. Is it possible to develop such crown ether anchored hybrid materials for near infrared emission? Motivated by this question, we designed a new hybrid material, namely, [(18‐Crown‐6)K][MoOCl4(H2O)]. 18‐Crown‐6 ether bound with K+ form the cationic part [(18‐Crown‐6)K]+. The K+ of [(18‐Crown‐6)K]+ electrostatically interacts with Cl− of the anionic part [MoOCl4(H2O)]−, forming the hybrid crystal [(18‐Crown‐6)K][MoOCl4(H2O)]. It crystallizes in orthorhombic crystal system with Pnma space group. The Mo(V) possesses one d‐electron (d1) in
point group symmetry in the [MoOCl4(H2O)]− polyhedra. This electronic configuration leads to multiple spin‐allowed
transitions along with a ligand to metal charge transfer (LMCT) resulting into multiple optical absorption bands in the near UV‐visible‐near infrared (NIR) region. The lowest energy
transition via 2E (
,
)/2E (
)
2B2 (
) leads to NIR PL with peak at 952 nm, but with a poor intensity at room temperature.
Regulating and Unraveling Electrochemical Behavior of Hierarchically‐Densifying Mesoporous Apocynum Carbon for High performance Supercapacitor
Authors: Tong Qijun , Zhang Zhihao , Luo Qitian , Gu Kai , Yang Weiqing
Published: October 2024

The commercial carbon‐based supercapacitor with high power ability (~5 kW kg−1) is still unable to fulfill the superhigh power requirement of specific power‐type equipments (>20 kW kg−1), such as rail transit facilities, electromagnetic and laser equipment. To unravel the structure‐activity relationship and electrochemical behavior of power‐type densifying carbon is a key to overcome the contradiction of the suitable mesoporous ratio and highly‐densifying features toward the superhigh power requirement. Here, we built the hierarchically‐densifying mesoporous apocynum carbon (HDMC) with optimized mesoporous ratio by hierarchical activation method. More importantly, both the isothermal desorption/adsorption and high‐pressure mercury intrusion porosimetry methods were employed to synergistically uncover the microscopic surface carbon network stacking mechanism and the macroscopic carbon skeleton densification assembly mechanism. The highly‐densifying skeleton features and high mesoporous ratio properties were proved to be co‐existed in HDMC, which is in favour of rapidly ion/electron transferring toward electrochemically‐improving power behavior of HDMC. A combination of high tap density (0.387 g cm−3) and ideal microporous‐mesoporous system (23.1 % proportion of mesoporous) have taken this HDMC to provide a super‐high power density (33.5 kW kg−1) and a high volume power density (9.37 kW L−1) for HDMC‐based supercapacitor, more than those of commercial YP‐50F (14.9 kW kg−1 @ 4.63 kW L−1). Therefore, this work provides a synergistic strategy to incorporate the properties of mesoporous and densifying, and reveals its electrochemical behavior toward the further application of power‐type supercapacitors.
Application of Noninvasive Imaging Techniques for High Energy Density Lithium Metal Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Dutta Arghya , Matsuda Shoichi
Published: October 2024

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) have the potential to exceed the energy density of current lithium‐ion batteries. Achieving this requires a thick positive electrode, a thin Li metal negative electrode, and minimal electrolyte‐loading. Despite their promise, high energy density LMBs with high‐loading positive electrodes, thin Li, and low electrolytes face significant challenges. A key issue is the high reactivity of Li metal with nonaqueous electrolytes, leading to the consumption of both during each cycle. This reaction causes insulating Li compounds to accumulate, increases electrode porosity and thickness, depletes the electrolyte, raises cell impedance, and reduces capacity. Therefore, understanding the interphase evolution of the Li metal electrode is crucial to addressing cell failure. While various ex situ and in situ techniques have been used to study these interphases, they often involve non‐practical cell configurations and sample‐damaging preparation processes. In this regard, noninvasive methods like X‐ray and neutron‐based imaging are beneficial as they do not damage samples, can be used both in situ and ex situ, employ practical cell configurations, and enable long‐term data collection. This review explores recent advancements in X‐ray and neutron‐based techniques for characterizing high‐energy LMBs, emphasizing their potential to improve understanding of interphasial dynamics and advance robust high‐energy‐density batteries.
Model‐Driven Manufacturing of High‐Energy‐Density Batteries: A Review
Authors: Maksimovna Vakhrusheva Daria , Xu Jun
Published: October 2024

The rapid advancement in energy storage technologies, particularly high‐energy density batteries, is pivotal for diverse applications ranging from portable electronics to electric vehicles and grid storage. This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the recent progress in model‐driven manufacturing approaches for high‐energy‐density batteries, highlighting the integration of computational models and simulations with experimental manufacturing processes to optimize performance, reliability, safety, and cost‐effectiveness. We systematically examine various modeling techniques, including electrochemical, thermal, and mechanical models, and their roles in elucidating the complex interplay of materials, design, and manufacturing parameters. The review also discusses the challenges and opportunities in scaling up these model‐driven approaches, addressing key issues such as model validation, parameter sensitivity, and the integration of machine learning and artificial intelligence for predictive modeling, process optimization, and quality assurance. By synthesizing current research findings and industry practices, this paper aims to outline a roadmap for future developments in model‐driven manufacturing of high‐energy density batteries, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and innovation to meet the increasing demands for energy storage solutions.