bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Search of “Lions and Hawks”
Authors: Wagemakers Joas
Published: February 2014

Abū Muḥammad al-Maqdisī (b. Barqā, West Bank, 1959), is one of the most influential radical Islamic ideologues alive. Considering his Palestinian origins, occasional references to Palestinian issues throughout his writings and the more recent focus in his work on radical groups in the Gaza Strip, some scholars and commentators assume that his Palestinian identity is an important factor in his ideology. I argue instead that while there is indeed some evidence pointing to a soft spot for Palestinian issues in al-Maqdisī’s work, he lacks a strong Palestinian identity and clearly favours the umma (the world-wide Muslim community) over Palestine in his writings. His more recent focus on events in the Gaza Strip as well as his earlier references to the Palestinian question should be seen in the broader context of his efforts to focus on areas where both daʿwa (calling people to Islam) and jihad can be legitimate, effective and fruitful.
The Quarrel of Agamemnon & Menelaus
Authors: Sammons Benjamin
Published: February 2014

Abstract

In Odyssey Book 3, Nestor relates how a quarrel between the Atreidae led to a split of the Achaean army over departure from Troy. This story implies a representation of Agamemnon and Menelaus, their relationship, and their respective political roles, that is not reconcilable with that of the Iliad. I argue that Nestor’s tale reflects a tradition whose influence is visible in later texts, particularly the Cyclic Nostoi and some dramas of Euripides. While the Iliad clearly ignores this tradition, its language betrays some awareness of it; and in a few cases it is arguable that the Iliad alludes indirectly to a very different conception of Menelaus’s political role in the expedition against Troy.
Incurably Religious? Consensus Gentium and the Cultural Universality of Religion
Authors: De Roover Jakob
Published: February 2014

Abstract

For centuries, the question whether there were peoples without religion was the subject of heated debate among European thinkers. At the turn of the twentieth century, this concern vanished from the radar of Western scholarship: all known peoples and societies, it was concluded, had some form of religion. This essay examines the relevant debates from the sixteenth to the twentieth century: Why was this issue so important? How did European thinkers determine whether or not some people had religion? What allowed them to close this debate? It will be shown that European descriptions of the “religions” of non-Western cultures counted as evidence for or against theoretical claims made within a particular framework, namely that of generic Christian theology. The issue of the universality of religion was settled not by scientific research but by making ad hoc modifications to this theological framework whenever it faced empirical anomalies. This is important today, because the debate concerning the cultural universality of religion has been reopened. On the one hand, evolutionary-biological explanations of religion claim that religion must be a cultural universal, since its origin lies in the evolution of the human species; on the other hand, authors suggest that religion is not a cultural universal, because many of the “religions” of humanity are fictitious entities created within an underlying theological framework.
China and the WTO after New Imperialism
Authors: Mahoney Josef Gregory
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Given market-oriented reforms and opening up since 1978, many view China’s WTO accession in 2001 and a decade’s worth of related activities since then, including an on-going willingness to finance the global capitalist system amid crises, as indicators of a non-Marxist way of thinking. Contrarily, we argue that China’s membership in the WTO and indeed, its intense participation and integration with the global economy represents, on the one hand, an admittedly significant tactical adjustment within a broader strategic approach that, on the other hand, retains key aspects consistent with a Marxist project. In strict terms, we argue Chinese reforms indicate “praxis” and not “pragmatism,” and we illustrate why this distinction is important. We agree that cost/benefit analyses can help understand China’s behaviour, as long as they are coupled with the sort of Marxist historicist perspective that continues to shape Beijing’s policy making. In this sense, we discuss how Beijing views the current era with respect to its vision of the past and the future and, therefore, elucidate a different interpretive framework for assessing on-going tactical adjustments within a global system and way of thinking that is likely at odds with Beijing’s vision of the future.
“Altogether Another Flavor of Emotion to Torment a Man”
Authors: Doran Rebecca
Published: February 2014

Liu Yong’s ci-poems and the male persona depicted in them are often regarded as truthful portrayals of Liu Yong the man. There is in fact no evidence to support such a view. This essay offers a new approach to Liu’s “romantic” ci, analyzing this group of song-lyrics as the expression of a typological love narrative, and proposes that the love narrative best defines and unifies them. It seeks to unpack the components and the significance of the love narrative driving so many of Liu Yong’s most controversial and influential lyrics, focusing on the ways in which the stylized performance of love is expressed, celebrated, and also called into question. 

Les ci de Liu Yong et le personnage masculin qu’ils dépeignent sont souvent considérés comme livrant un portrait authentique de l’homme Li Yong. Il n’existe en réalité rien pour prouver une telle assertion. Le présent article propose une nouvelle approche des ci “romantiques” de Liu Yong, en analysant cet ensemble de pièces lyriques en tant qu’ils expriment une histoire d’amour standard, et suggère que c’est bien ce modèle narratif qui les définit et les combine de la meilleure façon. Il s’agit de déconstruire les éléments et la signification de cette histoire d’amour qu’on retrouve au centre de tant de poèmes de Liu Yong parmi les plus controversés et les plus influents, tout en insistant sur la façon d’exprimer, de glorifier, et aussi de mettre en question la célébration stylisée de l’amour.
The Sahidic Coptic Version of 4 Maccabees
Authors: Miroshnikov Ivan
Published: February 2014

Abstract

The Coptic Sahidic version of the Fourth Book of Maccabees was discovered by Enzo Lucchesi in the nineteen eighties, but up to this day has not been published. This article presents the extant fragments of the manuscript, stored at the National Library in Paris and the library of the University of Michigan. The paleography of the manuscript and the contents of the version are discussed in the introductory remarks, which are followed by a transcription and English translation of the fragments.
Incarnation as Psychagogy
Authors: Sturdevant Jason S.
Published: February 2014

Abstract

In his homilies on John’s Gospel, John Chrysostom refers to Jesus’ actions as reflective of an adaptable psychagogy. Starting with this initial observation, this study examines key aspects of the Gospel through the lens of psychagogy, particularly its christology and its emphasis on revelation. This study proposes an alternative understanding to the mysteriousness of the Johannine Jesus, arguing that mysteriousness does not simply arise out of Jesus’ heavenly origins, but also serves an important psychagogical end: to inspire people to reevaluate their presuppositions about Jesus’ identity and mission.
Oestrus in a secretive species: endogenous estradiol varies throughout the shed cycle and influences attractiveness in wild northern watersnakes (Nerodia sipedon)
Authors: Jellen Benjamin C. , Graham Sean P. , Aldridge Robert D. , Earley Ryan L.
Published: February 2014

Oestrogen (e.g., 17β-estradiol, E2) stimulates vitellogenesis, female sexual behaviour, and induces sex pheromone production throughout vertebrates. Therefore, the quantification of its role in any one these may prove challenging; particularly in taxa such as snakes where mating coincides with vitellogenesis. Studies examining steroid hormones in snakes are further confounded by the typical sampling interval (monthly) which is likely insufficient to observe the brief hormone fluctuations associated with an oestrus period. Thus, the relationship between oestrus and endogenous sex steroids in snakes remains equivocal. We sampled plasma E2 of 12 radio-equipped free-ranging adult female northern watersnakes (Nerodia sipedon) twice weekly during the 2008–2009 mating periods. Reproductive females experienced a large E2 surge coincident with shedding, movement, and male accompaniment indicating that endogenous E2 is involved in oestrus, a phenomenon that has previously not been documented in snakes.
Song stability and neighbour recognition in a migratory songbird, the black redstart
Authors: Draganoiu Tudor I. , Moreau Aurélien , Ravaux Lucie , Bonckaert Wim , Mathevon Nicolas
Published: February 2014

Territorial male songbirds have the ability to discriminate between the songs of their neighbours and those of strangers and for a few species it has been shown that they maintain this ability from one breeding season to the next. To better understand the acoustic basis of this long-term discrimination ability we studied song stability across two breeding seasons in a migratory songbird with high inter-annual return rates and territory stability, the black redstart, Phoenicurus ochruros. Strophe repertoires of 14 males (≥2 years old) were stable from one breeding season to the next and high strophe sharing occurred for males within the same group of houses or hamlets (81%) in contrast to only limited sharing between different hamlets (15%). However, subtle differences exist between the renditions of the same strophe sung by neighbouring males and these differences equally show an inter-annual stability, providing an acoustic basis for long-term discrimination abilities. Playback tests showed the existence of a strong dear-enemy effect: males reacted less aggressively to the familiar, often shared song of a neighbour than to a stranger unshared song and this pattern was maintained when birds returned from migration one year later. We discuss on one side the possible mechanisms leading to the observed patterns of song sharing and on the other side the significance of stable vocal signatures for neighbour recognition.
First record of the non-indigenous mussel Limnoperna fortunei (Bivalvia, Mytilidae) as an epibiont of the crab Trichodactylus borellianus (Decapoda, Trichodactylidae)
Authors: Rojas Molina Florencia , Williner Verónica
Published: February 2014

In the area of Middle Paraná River, Argentina, in the pleuston community associated with the roots of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms-Laubach, 1883, an epibiosis of the non-indigenous mussel Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker, 1857) on the native crab Trichodactylus borellianus Nobili, 1896 was occasionally recorded. The organisms were measured, weighed, and photographed. Attached molluscs were larger and heavier than their host crabs. This new interaction in the system was analyzed with regard to several biological and ecological characteristics of both species.
Tropodiaptomus signatus Kiefer, 1982, a little-known species from Loktak Lake, Manipur State, India (Copepoda, Calanoida, Diaptomidae)
Authors: Ranga Reddy Yenumula
Published: February 2014

Tropodiaptomus signatus Kiefer, 1982, is a rare, little-known Indian species. Nothing is known about its type locality/distribution or about its morphological variation. This species is now being reported from Loktak Lake in Manipur state (northeastern India). The original account of this species is supplemented with a special emphasis on the wide morphological variation observed in the male fifth pair of legs. Further, it has now been recognised that this species has closest morphological and biogeographical affinities with its north Indian congener, Tropodiaptomus mutatus Kiefer, 1936.
Food selectivity of Ceriodaphnia quadrangula (O. F. Müller, 1785) (Cladocera) and its impact on competition outcome between two freshwater green algae
Authors: Tellioglu A.
Published: February 2014

The present work tested the food selectivity of the cladoceran Ceriodaphnia quadrangula (O. F. Müller, 1785) and its impact on competition outcome between Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck, 1890 and Chlamydomonas globosa J. W. Snow, 1902. Freshwater green algae, Chlorella, have heavy cell walls and their size usually exceeds the lower limits of limb size of Ceriodaphnia. According to the optimal foraging theory, it is speculated that Ceriodaphnia would graze on the more exposed and relatively larger Chlamydomonas rather than on Chlorella, and this process would lead to small-sized Chlorella becoming a superior competitor in the presence of Ceriodaphnia. This work used Ceriodaphnia, Chlamydomonas globosa and Chlorella vulgaris to test this hypothesis. The grazing experiment showed that Ceriodaphnia preferred Chl. globosa to Ch. vulgaris, regardless of the concentration and relative abundance of these algae. The decrease in relative abundance of high-quality Chlamydomonas in Chlamydomonas-Chlorella assemblages did not diminish the grazing efficiency of Ceriodaphnia on this algal species, but increased the selectivity of small-sized cells of Chlorella. However, when the concentration of Chlamydomonas was extremely high, the grazing of Ceriodaphnia on Chlamydomonas decreased. In competition experiments, it was observed that the presence of Chlamydomonas restrained the growth potential of Chlorella; however, the introduction of Ceriodaphnia into the competing environment weakened this influence and to some extent enhanced the growth ability of Chlorella. The different densities of Ceriodaphnia had an obvious influence on the competition outcome between Chlamydomonas and Chlorella.
The male of the deep-living hyperiid Hyperoche shihi Gasca, 2005 (Peracarida: Amphipoda) and a new symbiotic association in the Gulf of California
Authors: Gasca R.
Published: February 2014

From samples of deep-water zooplankton, obtained in the Gulf of California, female and male specimens of the rare deep-living amphipod Hyperoche shihi Gasca, 2005 were collected. The adult male is slightly larger than the female and it has the distinctly large chela of pereopod II. A full description of the male is provided to complement the morphological information of this unique hyperiid species. This is the only deep-living species of Hyperoche Bovallius, 1887 known. These specimens were found in a symbiotic association with the coronate scyphomedusa Nausithoe rubra Vanhöffen, a deep-living form. The female was previously reported from the bathypelagic hydromedusa Chromatonema erythrogonon (Bigelow); hence, the host range of H. shihi is expanded and includes a scyphomedusa. There are no previous records of hyperiids associated to species of Nausithoe Kölliker. The amphipods were found grasped to the medusan exumbrella and were moving to the inner part of the medusa.
Diameter of the base of the capitulum as a biometric variable of the goose barnacle Pollicipes pollicipes (Gmelin, 1789) (Cirripedia, Lepadomorpha)
Authors: Parada J. M. , Iglesias E. , Outeiral R. , Molares J.
Published: February 2014

Owing to the peculiar morphology of the goose barnacle Pollicipes pollicipes (Gmelin, 1789), many different biometric variables have been used in its study. The lack of a standard morphological variable makes it difficult to compare results from different authors. This aspect takes on even greater importance, since the goose barnacle is a commercially exploited species and must be regulated with clear-cut technical measures related to its biology. The need to measure a large quantity of specimens in the management and control of the fishery calls for a biometric variable that can be processed easily and requires little training. The base of the rostrum and the apex of the subcarina form two conspicuous clefts in the capitulum of the goose barnacle, allowing a calliper to be fitted quickly and easily. The results of this study showed that the diameter of the base of the capitulum (DBC), defined as the distance between these two clefts, may be considered a consistent variable both when the same specimen is measured by two different technicians and when the measurements taken from a fresh specimen are compared with the measurements taken after the specimen has been frozen and then thawed. In order to make comparisons easier, two linear equations have been found to relate DBC and two of the more usual biometric variables: rostral-carinal distance (RC) and capitulum height (CH). The mean length at sexual maturity was also calculated in terms of DBC (13.35 mm) for specimens collected on the Galician coast (NW Spain).
Patagonian inland water malacostracans as hosts for parasites
Authors: Rauque Carlos , De los Ríos Escalante Patricio
Published: February 2014

The host-parasite interactions of inland water malacostracans have been poorly studied. The aim of the present study is to provide an overview of parasites recorded for these hosts and to study the ecological implications of host-parasite relations. According to the literature, these parasites have exotic or native fishes, and aquatic birds as definitive hosts. As most definitive and all intermediate hosts are endemics, the parasite species are endemics as well.
In vitro evaluation of nematicidal properties of Solanum sisymbriifolium and S. nigrum extracts on Pratylenchus goodeyi
Authors: Pestana Margarida , Rodrigues Mónica , Teixeira Lucília , Abrantes Isabel de O. , Gouveia Manuela , Cordeiro Nereida
Published: February 2014

The root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus goodeyi, is among the most economically damaging parasites of banana plants. Nematode control can benefit from searching for novel bio-nematicides. The present study was carried out to assess the potential nematicidal properties of two Solanum species (Solanum sisymbriifolium and S. nigrum) against P. goodeyi, using dichloromethane, acetone, ethanol and either cold or hot water extracts of the plants. Water extracts of both plants at a concentration of 10 mg ml−1 greatly affected nematode movement and also caused mortality. The analysis of sequential extracts at the same experimental concentrations showed that, although water extracts affect nematode mobility and mortality, the acetone extract from S. nigrum was the most efficient, causing 100% mortality after 23 h exposure. The results showed that S. sisymbriifolium and S. nigrum extracts contain chemical components that induce morphological changes in the body structure of the root-lesion nematode, affect mobility and cause mortality. The nematostatic and nematicidal potential of the extracts described herein merit further studies to find novel bio-nematicides against the root-lesion nematode.
Purification and properties of a Meloidogyne-antagonistic chitinase from Lysobacter capsici YS1215
Authors: Lee Yong Seong , Anees Muhammad , Park Yun Serk , Kim Sun Bae , Jung Woo Jin , Kim Kil Yong
Published: February 2014

The root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., cause serious diseases in various plants and their chemical control may lead to environmental problems. Therefore, alternative control measures against the phytopathogenic nematodes are being sought. One of the potential targets against Meloidogyne spp. may be the chitinolysis and degradation of nematode eggs. Therefore, in the present study, a chitinolytic and nematicidal strain of Lysobacter capsici YS1215 was isolated from an agricultural field in Korea. The aim of this study was to purify chitinase secreted by L. capsici YS1215 and investigate its nematicidal role against Meloidogyne incognita. The chitinase secreted by L. capsici YS1215 was purified by protein precipitation with 80% ammonium sulphate, anion-exchange chromatography with DEAE-cellulose and gel-filtration chromatography with Sephadex G-100. By chitinase-active staining of the purified enzyme, a single band was obtained with an estimated molecular mass of 43.6 kDa. The optimal pH and optimal temperature for the highest chitinase activity were 6.0 and 40°C, respectively. The purified chitinase degraded the chitin layer of the eggshells and significantly reduced hatch of second-stage juveniles. The activity of chitinase secreted by L. capsici YS1215 was not affected by CoCl2, MnCl2, MgCl2, CuSO4, CaCl2 or EDTA. The purified enzyme could also hydrolyse swollen chitin, glycol chitin, glycol chitosan and chitin powder. Thus, the role of chitinase secreted by L. capsici YS1215 against Meloidogyne spp. may be useful for further development of a biocontrol agent.
Three new species of Heth Cobb, 1898 (Ransomnematoidea: Hethidae) from spiroboloid millipedes from Mexico
Authors: Mejia-Madrid Hugo H.
Published: February 2014

Hethgordaen. sp.,H. xarochaen. sp. andH. tuxtlensisn. sp. from the intestine of spiroboloids from Mexico are described herein. Females ofH. gordaen. sp. andH. xarochaen. sp. can be differentiated from all other described species ofHethfrom the Americas by the presence of two sets of lateral spines with multiple cusps with a common broad base arranged in a semilunar shape pattern.Hethgordaen. sp. exhibits a narrower pattern that resembles more a comb-like structure, whereasH. xarochaen. sp. exhibits a broader pattern. Both aforementioned species resembleH. hexaspinosumfrom Panamá, but the latter possesses fewer spines without a common base. Lateral spines with multiple cusps have never been previously described in the genusHeth. Females ofH. tuxtlensisn. sp. resemble Asian collar lappet-species but differ from them in possessing a complete uninterrupted collar with indented single lateral lappets. Specific characters described herein set these species apart from the CaribbeanHethspecies, most South American, and those previously described from Mexico. The present descriptions increase the number ofHethspecies recorded from Mexico from three to six.
Nematodes associated with damage in oilseed rape: new data on the biology and geographical distribution of Meloidogyne artiellia
Authors: Buisson Alain , Chabert Andre , Ruck Laurent , Fournet Sylvain
Published: February 2014

For several years, patches of plants presenting deficiencies in growth have been observed in fields cultivated with oilseed rape. Over 3 years, 57 pairs of damaged and undamaged plants were sampled from cultivated fields on the Atlantic coast of France and around the Paris basin. Results show that two main species of plant-parasitic nematodes can be associated with the patches,Heterodera cruciferaeandMeloidogyne artiellia, and that both species probably do not occur in the same fields and regions. This means thatM. artiellia, which is considered as a Mediterranean species causing damage essentially on wheat, is also well adapted to colder climate conditions and can extensively damage oilseed rape. Monitoring the different development stages ofM. artielliain a field cultivated with oilseed rape provided more information about the life cycle and showed that only one generation can develop between the sowing in autumn and April.
Is a biogeography of freshwater nematodes possible?
Authors: Zullini Aldo
Published: February 2014

An attempt was made to detect some possible biogeographic patterns in the distribution of freshwater nematodes. The literature concerning 14 geographic areas (in Eurasia, Africa and America) and seven well studied lakes was examined. Notwithstanding the ubiquity of most freshwater nematodes, some distributional patterns emerge from a multidimensional analysis. Examining the lakes only, nematodes in Lake Baikal appear markedly different from the other lacustrine nematodes from other parts of the world. It is possible to conclude: i) that freshwater nematodes communities show some difference at the continental level only; and ii) that the freshwater nematode biota is divided into two parts with the Lake Baikal community as one part, and the rest of the world community as the other.
Commentary on “Democracy and Scandal: A Research Agenda”
Authors: Brenton Scott
Published: February 2014

Abstract

In my original article “Scandals as a Positive Feature of Liberal Democratic Politics: A Durkheimian perspective” (2012b), I argued that scandals are actually a positive feature of liberal democratic politics, and rather than representing a threat to political stability serve an important function. Scandals provide a “safety valve” for the expression of negativity towards political actors while reinforcing collective values and ultimately strengthening the system, consistent with Durkheim’s ideas. The response to this article certainly contains some thought-provoking examples, but they do not contradict my argument that scandal can only occur in liberal democracies due to the necessity of freedom of speech, an open and aggressive media and strong political competition.
Motivation for Achievement and Structural Workplace Empowerment among Palestinian Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Nasser Randa , Saadeh Belal A.
Published: February 2014

Abstract

This study tests Kanter’s theory of structural workplace empowerment. It maintains that previous research that attempted to do so failed to account for the effect of an important personal characteristic—i.e. employees’ achievement motivation. This body of research also failed to uncover the mechanisms by which personal characteristics of employees influence their perceived empowerment. Data was collected from a sample of 154 hospital nurses, in two major Palestinian hospitals, through a survey design and self-administered questionnaire. The results of multivariate regression analyses and path-analysis indicate that perceived empowerment is indirectly influenced by personal factors (including educational qualifications, experience, position, and motivation towards achievement) through more direct structural determinants (access to formal and informal lines of power). More significantly, motivation has a direct—albeit weak—impact on perceived empowerment, after the effects of the more proximate structural determinants are controlled for.
The Wisconsin Plan in East Jerusalem: “From Welfare to Work,” Review and Analysis of the Plan in Light of those Affected by it, and the Social, Economical and Political Reality for East Jerusalem
Authors: Al-Silwadi Najwa
Published: February 2014

Abstract

This paper focuses on the experience of the Jerusalemite participants in the Wisconsin plan, and its impact on them as individuals and family members, and on the Jerusalemite society from an economic and social perspective. The paper also relies on field information that stems from the practical experience of the Community Action Center, based on its role in advocating the marginalized groups and empowering them for knowledge and skills that strengthen and support them in dealing with this plan, including other services provided by the official Israeli authorities to the Jerusalemite community.
The Role of Information and Communication Technology in Preventing Election-Related Violence in Kenya, 2013
Authors: Trujillo Horacio R. , Elam David , Shapiro Gabriel , Clayton Malcolm
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Leading up to the Kenyan presidential elections of 2013, observers around the world were preoccupied by the potential for mass violence similar to that which erupted following the 2007 presidential election. Yet, the 2013 elections were largely unmarred by violence. A notable characteristic of the Kenyan 2013 elections was the use of information and communications technologies (ICT) in various public and private efforts to address the threat of violence related to the elections. In our exploration of how ICT contributed to the mitigation of election-related violence in the 2013 Kenyan elections, we find useful the models of violence as contagion and collective efficacy as essential for violence prevention.
Global Activism and Social Transformation vis-à-vis Dominant Forms of Economic Organization: Critical Education within Afro-Brazilian and Transnational Pedagogical Praxis
Authors: Rossatto César Augusto
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Masses of colonial workers are situating their free-for-all labor efforts in a global context due to dominant forms of organization based on a corporate market economy. New social movements that show concern for democracy and human rights are challenging capitalist priorities of “efficiency” and exploitation. In some places, the representatives of popular movements are actually taking the reins of state power. Many of these movements are emerging to bridge national identities and boundaries, in solidarity with transnational class, gender, and ethnic struggles. The ideology of market competition has become more entrenched in schools. Thus, in this article I explore these implications drawn upon the myriad social struggles shaping students’ lives and communities, which are based on principles of justice, ethics, access, and emancipation, placing emphasis on the effects of whiteness from an historical Afro-Brazilian political experience.
Women’s Status and Fertility Differential in the World-System: A Cross-National Analysis
Authors: Akhter Rifat
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Using World-System and Gender and Development theories to examine women’s status and fertility in the high fertility countries, I argue that fertility behavior is strongly related to an unequal power relationship between husbands and wives, which occurs because of a dependent economy. Dependent economy creates economic inequality and limits prospects for women’s upward mobility, which may be an important factor for maintaining high fertility. This research examines empirical data from 82 countries—where total fertility rate is higher than 2.1 per woman in a given nation. The study includes both semi-periphery and periphery regions with planned and market-oriented economies in order to investigate the influence of investment and dependent development on women’s status and fertility.
The Future of Spanglish: Global or Tribal?
Authors: Bazán-Figueras Patricia , Figueras Salvador J.
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Research revolves around the socio-political, linguistic, and cultural aspects of “Spanglish” while considering its future in American society. A speech modality used by many Hispanics in the United States, Spanglish mixes grammatical and lexical elements from both English and Spanish and is primarily used in oral communication. The announcement by the Real Academia Española (RAE) to include Estadounidismos (a term coined by the RAE for referring to words used primarily, if not exclusively, in the US by Spanish speakers which are now part of the recognized lexicon) in its upcoming dictionary in 2014 shocked many. Furthermore, it has also placed Spanglish in the center of yet another controversy, as it presents heritage speakers with an opportunity to decide whether or not to remain fragmented or united.
The Lived-Experience of Leading a Successful Police Vehicle Pursuit: A Descriptive Phenomenological Psychological Inquiry
Authors: Broomé Rodger E.
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Police vehicle pursuits are inherently dangerous, rapidly evolving, and require police coordination to safely stop and arrest the suspect. Interviews of three US police officers were conducted and the descriptive phenomenological psychological method was used to analyze their naïve accounts of their lived-experiences. The psychological constituents of the experience of leading a successful chase and capture of a fleeing criminal found are: (1) Alert to Possible Car Chase, (2) Suspect Identified, (3) Anxiety and Excitement About the Chase, (4) Awareness of Primary Chase Role, (5) Radio Coordination with Others to Take Actions to Stop the Suspect, (6) Ongoing Evaluation of Chase Situation and Persistence, (7) Reading the Suspect’s Driving Behaviors, (8) Car Chase Transition to a Coordinated Physical Capture, and (9) Making Sense of the Experience Through Inquiry. Insights garnered from this study may be useful to police, policy makers, trainers and others interested in emergency and crisis decision-making.
The Way Back Down: Paul Klee’s Heights and Depths
Authors: Krell David Farrell
Published: February 2014

Abstract

The present essay offers a brief commentary on Paul Klee’s The Tightrope Walker. Klee’s painting is brought into connection with Nietzsche’s famous figure of the Seiltänzer in the prologue to Thus Spoke Zarathustra and to the recent film, Man on Wire. The general context of the essay, “descensional reflection,” is inspired by Heidegger’s remark that thinking in our time is “on the descent” from metaphysics.
Paul Klee. From Structural Analysis and Morphogenesis to Art
Authors: Baumgartner Michael
Published: February 2014

Abstract

This contribution illuminates the meaning of the systematic confrontation with nature in the artistic and art-theoretical thought of Paul Klee. Klee’s specific interest lay in the analysis of the morphological and structural principles of plants as well as in the study of the processes of growth and form in nature. A central element of this confrontation—which also manifested itself in nuanced ways in Klee’s teaching at the Bauhaus and in his artistic creations—is the reduction of the manifold natural world of appearance to structural and morphological principles which can be freely and creatively reassembled. These principles form the foundation for Klee’s process-oriented understanding of nature and art.
In-between Painting and Music—or, Thinking with Paul Klee and Anton Webern
Authors: Schuback Marcia Sá Cavalcante
Published: February 2014

Abstract

The present article discusses the relation between painting and music in the work by Paul Klee, bringing it into conversation with the music by Anton Webern. It assumes, as a starting point, that the main question is not about relating painting and music but rather about the relation between moving towards painting and moving towards music, hence the relation between forming forces and not between formed forms. Since for Klee the musical structure of the pictorial is understood as “active linear polyphony,” the article develops this notion in conversation with Webern’s thoughts on the polyphonic structure of twelve-tone music. The general purpose of the article is to determine what kind of thoughts emerge from the in-between of painting and music.
On the Origin(s) of Truth in Art: Merleau-Ponty, Klee, and Cézanne
Authors: Johnson Galen A.
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Beginning from Klee’s statement on truth in self-portraiture that his faces are truer than real ones and Cézanne’s promise to tell us the truth in painting, we consider the origins of truth in art for the philosophy of Merleau-Ponty. We discover that truth in perception, in life, and incarnate existence, as in art, originates from bodily movement. Similar to Heidegger’s argument in “The Origin of the Work of Art,” a truth happens between the work and painter, between the work and viewer, and is not limited to the domain of language, but words and symbols mix together with colors and forms, as in the paintings of Klee. Similar to Husserl’s argument in “The Origin of Geometry,” the originary sense of art, like geometry, is an interweaving (Verflechtung) of world, intersubjectivity, speech, and writing that achieves a more “militant” (powerful) truth than mere logical propositions. Truth is marked by its endurance, mobility, agility, subtlety, and depth. These interweavings mean there is no single origin of truth in art and life but a plurality of origins in movement, pleasures, and desires for the becoming of creation.
Stephen Miller on Capitalism in the Old Regime: A Response
Authors: Heller Henry
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Stephen Miller attempts to confute the idea that capitalist accumulation characterised the agriculture of the Île-de-France prior to the Revolution. Instead he tries to assimilate the agriculture of the north into theAnnalesmodel of neo-Malthusian agricultural cycles and Chayanovian subsistence economy which is supposedly characteristic of the Midi. I argue instead that the notion of a northern capitalist agriculture is rooted not only in the extensive modern research of Moriceau but in the political-economic writings of Turgot and Marx which have been largely ignored. Accumulation in the sense of the growth of fixed and variable capital and emerging technological progress characterised northern agriculture. The persistence of small producers which Miller sees as an index of unchanging stasis might better be investigated in terms of the evolution over time of a reservoir of wage labour for larger-scale enterprises as pointed out by Kautsky.
Hubert Harrison: The Voice of Harlem Radicalism, 1883–1918, Jeffrey B. Perry, New York: Columbia University Press, 2009
Authors: Heideman Paul M.
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Jeffrey B. Perry’s biography of Hubert Harrison restores the legacy of a central figure in the history of Black radicalism. Though largely forgotten today, Harrison was acknowledged by his early-twentieth-century peers as ‘the father of Harlem radicalism’. Author of pioneering analyses of white supremacy’s role in American capitalism, proponent of armed self-defence among African-Americans, and anti-colonial intellectual, Harrison played a central role in the development of Black politics in the United States. This review traces Harrison’s journey from socialist organiser to Black nationalist, considering its implications for the history of American radicalism.
Post-Coup Honduras: Latin America’s Corridor of Reaction
Authors: Gordon Todd , Webber Jeffery R.
Published: February 2014

Abstract

This article offers an historical-materialist account of the coup in Honduras on 28 June 2009, which ousted democratically elected President Manuel Zelaya. It draws on over two dozen interviews with members of theFrente Nacional de la Resistencia Popular[National Front of Popular Resistance, FNRP], and participation in numerous marches and assemblies over two periods of fieldwork – January 2010, and June–July 2011. The paper steps back in time to provide an historical cartography of the basic material structures of the Honduran economy and its integration into the world market, as well as the geopolitical role it played as a launching pad for Ronald Reagan’s counter-insurgency campaigns against guerrilla forces elsewhere in the region during the 1980s. We show how the defeat of mass guerrilla insurgencies in Guatemala and El Salvador, as well as the triumph over the Sandinista government in Nicaragua by 1990, allowed for the neoliberal pacification of Central America as a whole, including Honduras. We further demonstrate how the centre-leftist Manuel Zelaya, elected to the Honduran presidency in 2006, modestly encroached upon neoliberal orthodoxy and forged geopolitical alliances with left and centre-left governments elsewhere in the region, laying the bases for his violent overthrow. Finally, the paper traces the origins, trajectory, and heterogeneity of the resistance that emerged almost immediately after the coup had been carried out.
On Departing Empire: A Mission of the Church in the Caribbean
Authors: Taylor Burchell
Published: February 2014

Abstract

The church partnered colonial powers in the establishment and maintenance of empire in the Caribbean: this article reminds readers of these realities before exploring some implications for the mission of the church today. The article argues that the church has a role to play in giving spiritual and moral leadership in the complex process of departing empire; it also offers observations on the challenge to the church to stand firm in its emancipatory commitment to move beyond empire, not least by developing new modes of self-expression and counter-discourse. In the article, particular reference is made to responsibilities facing the Caribbean Council of Churches.
Moral Dis-ease Making Jamaica Ill? Re-engaging the Conversation on Morality
Authors: Perkins Anna Kasafi
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Using the image of disease, this article argues that the moral misconduct of individual Jamaicans is symptomatic of a larger societal disease, which is making all of us ill to lesser or greater extents. The claim is that Jamaica and Jamaicans are suffering from an ailment in the country’s moral system that has affected all other functioning systems in the nation’s body politic: political, corporate, social, spiritual and personal. The article is a condensed version of the 2013 Grace Kennedy Foundation lecture.1 It takes as a launch pad the Reverend Dr Burchell Taylor’s 1992 Grace Kennedy Foundation lecture, entitled ‘Free for All? A Question of Morality and Community’, and it attempts to diagnose further the nature and meaning of moral deterioration in Jamaican society.
On the Unmarked Position for Greek Subjects: Problematic Issues and Implications for Constituent Order
Authors: Kotzoglou George
Published: February 2014

This paper examines the position of preverbal subject in Greek SV(O) orders. Using interpretational and configurational evidence we confirm the conclusion of much of the standard literature that preverbal subjects in Greek do not occupy the [Spec, TP] position, but are left dislocated elements. In particular, we discuss the proposals of Roussou & Tsimpli (2006) and Spyropoulos & Revithiadou (2007, 2009), who argue for the existence of an A-subject in the Greek T-domain, and we point out a number of counterarguments to their suggestions. Finally, we tentatively suggest that the EPPT-requirement might be suspended in Greek.
Turning Oppression into Challenges: Women in Badriyya l-Bišr’s Hind wa-l-ʿaskar
Authors: Dhahir Sanna
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Saudi novelist Badriyya l-Bišr, a well-known advocate for women’s rights in her country, uses her novel Hind wa-l-ʿaskar1 (Hind and the Soldiers) to trace the growth and the struggle of a young woman in a rigid, conventional society. As the novel’s title suggests, the female protagonist, Hind, finds herself in a situation of war at different stages in her life—war against various forces that deny her self-expression and jeopardize her happiness as a human being. Yet the novel is not just a series of complaints about the grievances experienced by women in Saudi Arabia; it focuses in the main on women’s potential and their power to use their judgment and arm themselves with all the weapons available to them in order to overcome oppression and marginalization.
Eating Figs and Pomegranates: Taboos and Language in the Thousand and One Nights
Authors: Naaman Erez
Published: February 2014

Abstract

This article explores the link between taboo and language in the Thousand and One Nights, focusing on the two central taboo realms of sex and the sacred. The various approaches to the tabooed found in the Nights, qua folk literature adapted by literate editors, are addressed. The fact that this work was not part of the literary canon and not bound by its conventions is shown to set it apart from canonical works, when it comes to certain taboos. The influence of Arabic written culture on the expression of the tabooed in the Nights is demonstrated as well. Because of the circumstances and history of its composition, the Nights has a polyphonic and heteroglot nature. It, therefore, displays diversity and inconsistency when taboo concepts find expression in language as euphemisms, orthophemisms, dysphemisms, and dysphemistic euphemisms. As a result, it is wrong to classify the Nights as an essentially obscene work, as have nineteenth century Orientalists and contemporary Islamic “fundamentalists.” This gross classification has had significant practical consequences beyond the realm of literary debate. It is unwarranted, furthermore, in view of the fact that sexually implicit and explicit speech are both attested in this work, which represents a variety of world views and attitudes towards the tabooed.
The Many Lives of Arabic Verse: Ibn Nubātah al-Miṣrī Mourns More Than Once
Authors: Talib Adam
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Ibn Nubātah’s printed Dīwān is an unreliable source that has led scholars to draw erroneous conclusions, among them the suggestion that we can perceive a difference in Ibn Nubātah’s treatment of his wife’s death and that of his concubine (jāriyah). In fact, the poems on which these conclusions are based were written for the same woman. Equally problematic for scholarship is the existence of poems that occur in multiple versions. This article treats the case of Ibn Nubātah al-Miṣrī’s (686-768/1287-1366) parallel mourning, and includes a critical edition of the texts under discussion based on more than ten manuscript copies of the poet’s Dīwān. It proposes that Ibn Nubātah’s opportunistic mourning is an efficient metaphor for the status of polyontic poetry (i.e. poems which occur in different versions in different contexts) in scholarship. In most cases, the longest version of a poem is granted the status of poetic original while all other instances of a poem, including those that appear in anthologies, are often treated as subsidiary. I argue that if we can learn to tolerate multiple instances of mannered mourning, we ought to be able to read polyontic poems in parallel.
The Aerial Battle in the Toledot Yeshu and Sodomy in the Late Middle Ages
Authors: Karras Ruth Mazo
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Thomas Ebendorfer’s fifteenth-century Latin translation of a Hebrew Toledot Yeshu text is the earliest extant Latin version to include a full narrative from the birth of Jesus to the events following the crucifixion, and predates existing Hebrew versions. After reviewing the place of Ebendorfer’s work in the textual tradition of the Toledot, the article examines carefully the work’s account of the aerial battle between Jesus and Judas, in comparison to other versions. Ebendorfer includes the detail of sexual intercourse between the two, which is absent in many later versions. In the context of a discussion of Christian and Jewish attitudes toward male–male sexual activity in the Middle Ages, the article concludes that while this detail was in Ebendorfer’s exemplar, he could have elaborated on it in a way that indicates this was a particularly Christian concern.
Table Dancing in an Opium Den: Marx’s Conjuration of Criticism out of “Criticism of Religion” in 1844
Authors: Geller Jay
Published: February 2014

Abstract

This article re-examines criticism-of-religion in Marx’s “A Contribution to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right. Introduction” and its role in his development of historical materialist criticism in the wake of Derrida’s attempted revaluation of the identification of religion with ideology in Marx’s later writings. It first focuses upon Marx’s appropriation and use of Feuerbach’s criticism of religion in “Contribution” and the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts. Then it situates “Contribution” ’s famous apothegm, religion “is the opium of the people,” in relation to Marx’s subsequent writings on the “Celestial Empire” China and in the context of opium’s multiple contemporary significations. Marx’s understandings of religion and its critique are thus seen to well exceed the assumed limitation of the latter’s purview to ideology criticism and the conventional characterizations of the former as false consciousness, ineffectual protest, and/or depoliticizing consolation. Marx’s criticism-of-religion is shown to exemplify what he calls “irreligious criticism.”