bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dix ans de co-création de valeur : une revue intégrative
Authors: Leclercq Thomas , Hammedi Wafa , Poncin Ingrid
Published: April 2016

Depuis l’article fondateur de Prahalad et Ramaswamy (2004a), nous avons assisté à l’émergence d’une vaste littérature dédiée à la co-création de valeur. Cependant, à l’heure actuelle, ce thème souffre toujours d’un manque de consensus en ce qui concerne sa conceptualisation. Adoptant une approche systématique, cet article propose une revue intégrative des recherches menées au cours de la décennie traitant de ce concept émergent, et clarifie les connaissances entourant sa définition, ses fondements, ses moteurs, mais également les processus sous-jacents, ses conséquences et sa mesure. Il en résulte un cadre intégratif résumant les connaissances sur le sujet et posant les fondations théoriques pour les recherches futures. Nous proposons également des pistes d’investigation afin de nourrir la dynamique de ce domaine de recherche.
Une meilleure compréhension du rôle et du mécanisme d’action des stimulations de l’imagerie mentale dans l’amélioration de la créativité d’utilisateurs « ordinaires »
Authors: Vellera Cyrielle , Gavard-Perret Marie-Laure
Published: April 2016

L’amélioration de la créativité des utilisateurs enrôlés dans les processus de co-création est déterminante pour les entreprises et les plateformes interactives de création. En effet, ces utilisateurs « ordinaires », sollicités pour proposer des idées de nouveaux produits/services, sont souvent assez faiblement créatifs. La stimulation de leur capacité créative est, par conséquent, déterminante. Dans cette perspective, l’imagerie mentale, dont l’implication dans les processus créatifs a souvent été soulignée en psychologie, apparaît comme une variable clé. L’objectif de cette recherche est donc d’examiner si des stimulations de l’imagerie mentale peuvent, en améliorant l’activité d’imagerie mentale suscitée, augmenter la créativité résultante. Deux expérimentations confirment le rôle médiateur de l’imagerie mentale et soulignent les effets favorables de telles stimulations sur la créativité des idées générées.
Past mining activities in the Vosges Mountains (eastern France): Impact on vegetation and metal contamination over the past millennium
Authors: Mariet Anne-Lise , Bégeot Carole , Gimbert Frédéric , Gauthier Joseph , Fluck Pierre , Walter-Simonnet Anne-Véronique
Published: April 2016

Coring was carried out in a soligenous marsh in the Vosges Mountains in the past mining district of Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines (eastern France). High-resolution palynological, non-pollen-palynomorph, and geochemical analyses were performed along the core. Correlations between the herbal composition of the landscape and trace metals in the core reveal a specific palynological pattern during mining activities. Two main periods of anthropogenic impacts on vegetation and trace metal contamination are shown: during the 16th–17th centuries, for mining and smelting activities, and the beginning of the 20th century, for smelting and the Industrial Revolution. No drastic deforestations occurred near the study site, contrary to historical descriptions and prints of the valley. Controlled forest practices were implemented from the beginning of the record, that is, since cal. AD 1000, so the impact of mining activities seems to be less significant than expected near mining sites. We demonstrate that the minerotrophic characteristics of the record closest to past mining sites allows for (1) the description of the landscape associated with anthropogenic activities and (2) the recording of past trace metal emissions without post-depositional mobility.
Caring About Residents’ Experiences and Symptoms (CARES) Program: A Model of Palliative Care Consultation in the Nursing Home
Authors: Morris Deborah A. , Galicia-Castillo Marissa
Published: April 2016

Objectives:

To describe the CARES program, a model of palliative care for nursing home residents.

Design:

Descriptive analysis of the Caring About Residents’ Experiences and Symptoms (CARES) Program that provides palliative care services to nursing home residents.

Program evaluation:

The CARES Program serves as an example of collaborative efforts to meet community needs. To evaluate the program, we document the services provided as well as process outcomes (changes to care plans, hospitalizations, location of death, and hospice utilization) for residents referred.

Results:

170 nursing home residents were seen by CARES Program between February 2013 to December 2015, 48% for skilled services, and 52% for long term care. Majority of referrals were for goals of care and concurrent symptom management. Following consultation, 67% of residents had a change in code status. Of residents desiring a palliative course 90% were never hospitalized. Overall, 53% of residents died; and those in long term care dying more often with hospice.

Conclusion:

The CARES program of palliative consultation addresses the needs of nursing home residents. The model has potential to be reproducible in in other communities.
A two-dimensional micromechanical damage–healing model on microcrack-induced damage for microcapsule-enabled self-healing cementitious composites under compressive loading
Authors: Zhu Hehua , Zhou Shuai , Yan Zhiguo , Ju J Woody , Chen Qing
Published: April 2016

The use of microcapsule-enabled self-healing cementitious composite has high potential as a new repair method for the cracked concrete. It will evidently provide extended lifetime and security while reducing the maintenance costs and rates of occurrences of system failures by incorporating self-healing agents in microcapsules. Based on experimental observation and Taylor’s model, a two-dimensional micromechanical damage–healing model of microcapsule-enabled self-healing cementitious materials under compressive loading has been proposed. The proposed model can predict the healing effect on microcrack-induced damage quantitatively under compressive loading. The kinetic equations of damage–healing evolution and the formulations of compliance after healing are developed. Subsequently, the proposed model is validated by experimental data. Different system parameters of microcapsule-enabled self-healing concretes, such as the fracture toughness of healing agents, the degree of initial damage, the volume fraction and radius of microcapsules, are investigated. In particular, the proposed micromechanical damage–healing model demonstrates the potential capability to explain and simulate the physical behavior of microcapsule-enabled self-healing materials under compressive loading on the mesoscale.
Generalized reflexive and anti-reflexive solutions of the coupled Sylvester matrix equations via CD algorithm
Authors: Hajarian Masoud
Published: April 2016

The generalized reflexive and anti-reflexive matrices have several applications in engineering and scientific computations. In the present paper, first we propose a conjugate direction (CD) algorithm for finding the generalized reflexive solution X and the generalized anti-reflexive solution Y of the coupled Sylvester matrix equations [Formula: see text] Then, we analyze the convergence properties of the CD algorithm under some plausible assumptions. Finally by applying two numerical examples, we compare the proposed algorithm with other popular iterative solvers in use today.
Glycemic Control in a Clinic-Based Sample of Diabetics in M’Bour Senegal
Authors: BeLue Rhonda , Ndiaye Khadidiatou , NDao Fatou , Ba Fatou Niass Niang , Diaw Mor
Published: April 2016

Background. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) including Senegal is faced with a significant and increasing burden of type 2 diabetes. However, little information is available about diabetes management among Senegalese diabetics. Purpose. The current study aims to describe the level of glycemic control among a convenience sample of diabetics who receive care at the M’Bour Hospital in M’Bour, Senegal. Methods. A total of 106 type 2 diabetic patients were recruited at the hospital complex of M’Bour, Senegal. Linear regression was employed to assess the relationship between clinical and sociodemographic factors and Hba1c. Results. Only 24.8% of the sample had glycemic control, according to an Hba1c test. Participants who were diagnosed earlier were less likely to have diabetes control (mean = 7.8 years) compared with those who were diagnosed more recently (mean = 6.5 years); p < .05. Conclusions. We found that glycemic control in our sample was suboptimal. Length of time with diabetes was one of the key factors related to glycemic control. Length of time with diabetes is negatively associated with glycemic control. Early diagnosis and early glycemic control are essential to long-term glycemic control screening, and early detection for diabetes is uncommon given the general lack of health insurance and most people paying out of pocket for medical care. In the absence of universal health insurance, public health programs that provide blood sugar screenings for high-risk individuals would provide preliminary indication of abnormal glucose; however, subsequent diagnostic testing and follow-up may still be cost prohibitive.
Building a Thriving Nation
Authors: Cohen Larry
Published: April 2016

It is a great time for prevention. As the United States explores what health in our country should look like, it is an extraordinary time to highlight the role of prevention in improving health, saving lives, and saving money. The Affordable Care Act’s investment in prevention has spurred innovation by communities and states to keep people healthy and safe in the first place. This includes growing awareness that community conditions are critical in determining health and that there is now a strong track record of prevention success. Community prevention strategies create lasting changes by addressing specific policies and practices in the environments and institutions that shape our lives and our health—from schools and workplaces to neighborhoods and government. Action at the community level also fosters health equity—the opportunity for every person to achieve optimal health regardless of identity, neighborhood, ability, or social status—and is often the impetus for national-level decisions that vitally shape the well-being of individuals and populations.
Temporal Analysis of Tourism Research Collaboration Network
Authors: Fan Wei , Li Gang , Law Rob
Published: April 2016

Network analysis is an effective tool for the study of collaboration relationships among researchers. Collaboration networks constructed from previous studies, and their changes over time have been studied. However, the impact of individual researchers in collaboration networks has not been investigated systematically. We introduce a new method of measuring the contribution of researchers to the connectivity of collaboration networks and evaluate the importance of researchers by considering both contribution and productivity. Betweenness centrality is found to be better than degree centrality in terms of reflecting the changes of importance of researchers. Accordingly, a method is further proposed to identify key researchers at certain periods. The performance of the identified researchers demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.
‘Strong is the new skinny’: A content analysis of #fitspiration images on Instagram
Authors: Tiggemann Marika , Zaccardo Mia
Published: April 2016

‘Fitspiration’ is an online trend designed to inspire viewers towards a healthier lifestyle by promoting exercise and healthy food. This study provides a content analysis of fitspiration imagery on the social networking site Instagram. A set of 600 images were coded for body type, activity, objectification and textual elements. Results showed that the majority of images of women contained only one body type: thin and toned. In addition, most images contained objectifying elements. Accordingly, while fitspiration images may be inspirational for viewers, they also contain a number of elements likely to have negative effects on the viewer’s body image.
Virginity and virtue: African masculinities and femininities in the making of teenage sexual cultures
Authors: Bhana Deevia
Published: April 2016

In KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, the ways in which teenage Africans construct sexuality is imbued with high cultural value that honours virginity and female respectability. Of what significance, do the cultural practices that endorse chastity and virginity play in the lives of 16- turning 17-year-old teenage Africans in a township context of KwaZulu-Natal? By drawing on focus-group discussions with teenage men and women, this article explores the saliency of virginity and cultural constructs in African teenage men and women’s account of sexuality. The article argues that African teenagers’ defence of virginity is grounded in and inspired by deep cultural connections and is an important resource to claim respectability, status and an identity. Both teenage men and women centred on and idealized virginity and respect. In doing so their meanings weave into gendered patterns of inequalities. Implications that take heed of local cultural patterns in construction of teenage sexualities are discussed in the conclusion.
Language dominance as a factor in loanword phonology
Authors: Aktürk-Drake Memet
Published: April 2016

The aim of this paper is to examine the role of language dominance in loanword phonology. It is investigated how onset clusters in loanwords are integrated into Turkish by two groups: English-Turkish bilinguals in Turkey and Swedish-Turkish bilinguals in Sweden. It is hypothesised that the bilinguals in Sweden will display significantly higher rates of cluster adoption because Turkish is not the dominant language there.

The data were collected through an oral loanword elicitation task, a text recitation task in the second languages and a questionnaire on language proficiency and use.

The study had 53 participants (24 in Turkey and 29 in Sweden). The material consisted of 29 loanwords from English and French, and of 50 structurally comparable words in the bilinguals’ second languages. The data were analysed auditively by the author and subjected to an interrater reliability test.

The results confirmed the hypothesis as the bilinguals in Sweden displayed significantly higher cluster adoption rates. The difference between the groups’ medians was 36.5 percentage points. Furthermore, it was shown that in individual speakers the combination of accurate second-language pronunciation, and clearly higher proficiency in the second language (corresponding to the donor language) compared to the L1 (i.e. the recipient language) guaranteed very high cluster adoption rates.

This paper provides the first rigorous quantitative proof for the theoretical assumption that accurate pronunciation is not sufficient for structural adoption in loanword phonology but needs to be complemented with sociolinguistic variables. Furthermore, it demonstrates in greater detail than before how societal and individual dominance are connected and through which channels they impact loanword integration.

Self-reported relative proficiency in the donor language was shown to be a powerful predictor of the sociolinguistic incentive to adopt and could therefore be used as a quick and reliable alternative to elaborate and time-consuming attitude investigations in loanword phonology.
Improvement of ventilation efficiency by changing the shape of glass partition in bathroom of apartment house
Authors: Yang Jeong-Hoon , Kim Ok
Published: April 2016

In the bathroom, the spreading of contaminants may differ depending on whether the shower or toilet is used. The shower and toilet space separated by a glass partition, could affect the spread of contaminants. Computational fluid dynamics analyses were conducted to examine the ventilation efficiency achieved by the glass partition in the bathroom, while a resident was taking a shower and while using the toilet. The following cases were studied: (i) when the top part of the glass partition is open; (ii) when its bottom part is open; and (iii) when both its top and bottom part are open. The SVE3 and SVE6 (scale for ventilation effectiveness) indexes have shown that the condition with the bottom part of the glass partition being open was most effective as compared to the condition of it being not open when the shower and toilet are used. Faster removal of contaminants from the toilet under the condition with the bottom part of the glass partition being open was also observed. Our research has illustrated a suitable glass partition design for enhancing the ventilation efficiency in a bathroom with a shower and toilet to maintain household hygiene standard.
‘You don’t want people knowing you’re a copper!’ A contemporary assessment of police organisational culture
Authors: Brough Paula , Chataway Shannyn , Biggs Amanda
Published: April 2016

Police organisations have recently experienced a number of significant transformations, including changes to police officer demography, the adoption of community-oriented policing models and increased accountability requirements. The impacts of these changes upon the dominant police organisational cultural characteristics have been speculated upon, but have not been empirically assessed. Via the use of the cultural web methodology applied in both interviews and focus groups with N = 42 sworn police officers, this research assessed the key dimensions of contemporary police organisational culture. The results indicated the existence of five dominant police organisational culture characteristics: the police family, control, us versus them, masculinity, and subcultural differences. We also identified two dominant themes regarding the key changes to the police culture: reduction in social rituals and increased scrutiny. We discuss how these results both support previous descriptions of the core components of police organisational culture and update previous findings by identifying significant changes to police cultural norms and practices.
A Green’s function solution to the transient heat transfer through the building wall
Authors: Zhu Zhongwei , Fan Hongming , Hua Jing , Zhang Cheng
Published: April 2016

A Green’s function method is proposed to calculate transient heat flow through the building wall in this article. In order to obtain a simplified analytical solution for dynamic heat transfer problems, approximation is applied to the solution. And it can also make numerical simulation faster. The approximation solution and the exact solution got by MATLAB are compared under four different heat transfer conditions for a practical problem to verify its accuracy. Furthermore, double layer building wall analysis model is developed for practical application.
Numerical investigation of variable inlet guide vanes with trailing-edge dual slots to decrease the aerodynamic load on centrifugal compressor impeller
Authors: Xin Jianchi , Wang Xiaofang , Liu Haitao
Published: April 2016

In engineering practice, most centrifugal compressors use variable inlet guide vanes which can provide pre-whirl and control volume flow rates. As the impeller of a centrifugal compressor passes through the wakes created from the guide vanes, the aerodynamic parameters change significantly. The concept of adding dual slots at the trailing-edge of the guide vanes is proposed for reducing the aerodynamic load on the compressor impeller blades. In this article, the steady and unsteady performances of the new guide vanes are analysed under two compressor operating conditions (winter and design conditions). The results show that the average amplitude of the impeller passing frequency at the leading edge has a 13% decrease under the winter condition, especially at the middle and root parts. Moreover, the dual slots structure has no effect on the overall compressor performance.
Heat transfer and flow resistance performance of shutter baffle heat exchanger with triangle tube layout in shell side
Authors: Gu Xin , Liu Bing , Wang Yongqing , Wang Ke
Published: April 2016

Effect of main structural parameters of shutter baffle heat exchanger with a triangle tube layout in the shell side on heat transfer and flow resistance performance is studied in the article. A periodic whole cross-sectional computation model is built for the heat exchanger in the numerical study. The effects of structural parameters are analyzed, including assembly mode of shutter baffles, shutter baffle pitch, strip inclination angles, and strip widths. The correctness and accuracy of numerical simulation method are confirmed with a laser Doppler velocimeter experiment. Based on the research results, correlations for heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop in shell side are presented. Using the field synergy principle, the heat transfer enhancement mechanisms of segmental baffle heat exchanger and shutter baffle heat exchanger in shell side are analyzed.
Load vibration reduction in rotary cranes using robust two-degree-of-freedom control approach
Authors: Ouyang Huimin , Zhang Guangming , Mei Lei , Deng Xin , Wang Deming
Published: April 2016

In the control of the rotary crane, it is important to consider the trade-off between the boom positioning characteristics and the sway of the load. However, it seems difficult to obtain good control performance in both of them using 1-degree-of-freedom control approach. Therefore, a robust 2-degree-of-freedom control approach is proposed in this article. First, a linear dynamic model of a rotary crane is derived using a disturbance observer. Next, a state feedback controller with integrator is designed based on the model, and controller gains are determined by using linear matrix inequality optimization for achieving robustness with respect to rope length variance. Then, a feedforward controller is designed by solving an optimal regulator problem based on the model of closed-loop system for improving the boom positioning characteristics of the crane. Finally, the experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method. Hence, the crane can be easily operated without sensor systems for measuring rope length, and consequently, the structure of the crane can be simplified and implementation cost can be reduced.
Accuracy model, analysis, and adjustment in the context of multi-closed-loop planar deployable mechanisms
Authors: Yang Yi , Xie Shaorong , Zhang Wuxiang , Luo Jun , Li Hengyu
Published: April 2016

The links of the multi-closed-loop deployable mechanism are generally adjusted when being assembled, for the purpose of making the whole mechanism satisfy the requirements in fully deployed, folded, or the other key configurations. In order to calculate the appropriate adjustment amount, the complex adjustment amount of the whole mechanism is first defined by root mean square. And then, the adjustment model for planar mechanism involving different constraints is constructed according to the different situations. Through linearization of this model, it can be applied to calculate the adjustment sensitivity of this type of mechanisms. Second, with the factor of the practical adjustment in engineering, the three computation modes of adjustment (bidirectional adjustment, invariant adjustment, and unidirectional adjustment) have been developed. Furthermore, the multi-configuration adjustment approach has been proposed to make the assembled mechanism satisfy the requirements in different configurations. At last, all the above approaches in this article have been implemented in the scissor-like element mechanism and two-loop deployable mechanism. The achievement of this research provides a significant reference for assembling the multi-closed-loop mechanisms.
Fuzzy logic speed control for the engine of an air-powered vehicle
Authors: Yu Qihui , Shi Yan , Cai Maolin , Xu Weiqing
Published: April 2016

To improve the condition of air and eliminate exhaust gas pollution, this article proposes a compressed air power system. Instead of an internal combustion engine, the automobile is equipped with a compressed air engine, which transforms the energy of compressed air into mechanical motion energy. A prototype was built, and the compressed air engine was tested on an experimental platform. The output torque and energy efficiency were obtained from experimental results. When the supply pressure was set at 2 MPa and the speed was 420 r min−1, the output torque, the output power, and the energy efficiency were 56 N m, 1.93 kW, and 25%, respectively. To improve the efficiency of the system, a fuzzy logic speed control strategy is proposed and simulated. The experimental study verified that the theoretical evaluation of the system was reasonable, and this research can be referred to as the design and control of air-powered vehicles.
Patient-reported functioning in major depressive disorder
Authors: IsHak Waguih William , James David M. , Mirocha James , Youssef Haidy , Tobia Gabriel , Pi Sarah , Collison Katherine L. , Cohen Robert M.
Published: April 2016

Objectives:

Compared with the general population, patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) report substantial deficits in their functioning that often go beyond the clinical resolution of depressive symptoms. This study examines the impact of MDD and its treatment on functioning.

Methods:

From the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) trial, we analyzed complete data of 2280 adult outpatients with MDD at entry and exit points of each level of antidepressant treatment and again 12 months post treatment. Functioning was measured using the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS).

Results:

The results show that only 7% of patients with MDD reported within-normal functioning before treatment. The proportion of patients achieving within-normal functioning (WSAS) scores significantly increased after treatment. However, the majority of patients (>60%) were still in the abnormal range on functioning at exit. Although remitted patients had greater improvements compared with nonremitters, a moderate proportion of remitted patients continued to experience ongoing deficits in functioning after treatment (20–40%). Follow-up data show that the proportions of patients experiencing normal scores for functioning after 12 months significantly decreased from the end of treatment to the follow-up phase, from 60.1% to 49% ( p < 0.0001), a finding that was particularly significant in nonremitters. Limitations of this study include the reliance on self-report of functioning and the lack of information on patients who dropped out.

Conclusion:

This study points to the importance of functional outcomes of MDD treatment as well as the need to develop personalized interventions to improve functioning in MDD.
Biologic Treatments for Sports Injuries II Think Tank—Current Concepts, Future Research, and Barriers to Advancement, Part 2
Authors: Murray Iain R. , LaPrade Robert F. , Musahl Volker , Geeslin Andrew G. , Zlotnicki Jason P. , Mann Barton J. , Petrigliano Frank A.
Published: April 2016

Rotator cuff tears are common and result in considerable morbidity. Tears within the tendon substance or at its insertion into the humeral head represent a considerable clinical challenge because of the hostile local environment that precludes healing. Tears often progress without intervention, and current surgical treatments are inadequate. Although surgical implants, instrumentation, and techniques have improved, healing rates have not improved, and a high failure rate remains for large and massive rotator cuff tears. The use of biologic adjuvants that contribute to a regenerative microenvironment have great potential for improving healing rates and function after surgery. This article presents a review of current and emerging biologic approaches to augment rotator cuff tendon and muscle regeneration focusing on the scientific rationale, preclinical, and clinical evidence for efficacy, areas for future research, and current barriers to advancement and implementation.
Concurrent influenza vaccination reduces anti-FVIII antibody responses in murine hemophilia A
Authors: Lai Jesse D. , Moorehead Paul C. , Sponagle Kate , Steinitz Katharina N. , Reipert Birgit M. , Hough Christine , Lillicrap David
Published: April 2016

Key Points

Vaccination against influenza, with and without the adjuvant MF59, decreases the risk of inhibitor development in HA mice. Decreased FVIII immunogenicity may be attributed to antigenic competition via T-cell chemotaxis toward the site of vaccination.
Sleep disordered breathing at the extremes of age: infancy
Authors: Urquhart Don S. , Tan Hui-Leng
Published: April 2016

Educational aims

The reader will be able to:

Understand normal sleep patterns in infancy

Appreciate disorders of breathing in infancy

Appreciate disorders of respiratory control

Normal sleep in infancy is a time of change with alterations in sleep architecture, sleep duration, sleep patterns and respiratory control as an infant grows older. Interactions between sleep and respiration are key to the mechanisms by which infants are vulnerable to sleep disordered breathing.

This review discusses normal sleep in infancy, as well as normal sleep breathing in infancy. Sleep disordered breathing (obstructive and central) as well as disorders of ventilatory control and infant causes of hypoventilation are all reviewed in detail.
PAT: predictor for structured units and its application for the optimization of target molecules for the generation of synthetic antibodies
Authors: Jeon Jouhyun , Arnold Roland , Singh Fateh , Teyra Joan , Braun Tatjana , Kim Philip M.
Published: April 2016

Background

The identification of structured units in a protein sequence is an important first step for most biochemical studies. Importantly for this study, the identification of stable structured region is a crucial first step to generate novel synthetic antibodies. While many approaches to find domains or predict structured regions exist, important limitations remain, such as the optimization of domain boundaries and the lack of identification of non-domain structured units. Moreover, no integrated tool exists to find and optimize structural domains within protein sequences.

Results

Here, we describe a new tool, PAT (http://www.kimlab.org/software/pat) that can efficiently identify both domains (with optimized boundaries) and non-domain putative structured units. PAT automatically analyzes various structural properties, evaluates the folding stability, and reports possible structural domains in a given protein sequence. For reliability evaluation of PAT, we applied PAT to identify antibody target molecules based on the notion that soluble and well-defined protein secondary and tertiary structures are appropriate target molecules for synthetic antibodies.

Conclusion

PAT is an efficient and sensitive tool to identify structured units. A performance analysis shows that PAT can characterize structurally well-defined regions in a given sequence and outperforms other efforts to define reliable boundaries of domains. Specially, PAT successfully identifies experimentally confirmed target molecules for antibody generation. PAT also offers the pre-calculated results of 20,210 human proteins to accelerate common queries. PAT can therefore help to investigate large-scale structured domains and improve the success rate for synthetic antibody generation.
Development of Stabilized Growth Factor-Loaded Hyaluronate– Collagen Dressing (HCD) matrix for impaired wound healing
Authors: Choi Seong Mi , Ryu Hyun Aae , Lee Kyoung-Mi , Kim Hyun Jung , Park Ik Kyu , Cho Wan Jin , Shin Hang-Cheol , Choi Woo Jin , Lee Jin Woo
Published: April 2016

Background

Diabetes mellitus is a disease lack of insulin, which has severely delayed and impaired wound healing capacity. In the previous studies, various types of scaffolds and growth factors were used in impaired wound healing. However, there were several limitations to use them such as short half-life of growth factors
in vivo
and inadequate experimental conditions of wound-dressing material. Thus, our study aimed to determine the biocompatibility and stability of the matrix containing structurally stabilized epidermal growth factor (S-EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (S-bFGF).

Results and Discussion

We stabilized EGF and bFGF that are structurally more stable than existing EGF and bFGF. We developed biocompatible matrix using S-EGF, S-bFGF, and hyaluronate– collagen dressing (HCD) matrix. The developed matrix, S-EGF and S-bFGF loaded on HCD matrix, had no cytotoxicity,
in vitro
. Also, these matrixes had longer releasing period that result in enhancement of half-life. Finally, when these matrixes were applied on the wound of diabetic mice, there were no inflammatory responses,
in vivo
. Thus, our results demonstrate that these matrixes are biologically safe and biocompatible as wound-dressing material.

Conclusions

Our stabilized EGF and bFGF was more stable than existing EGF and bFGF and the HCD matrix had the capacity to efficiently deliver growth factors. Thus, the S-EGF and S-bFGF loaded on HCD matrix had improved stability. Therefore, these matrixes may be suitable for impaired wound healing, resulting in application of clinical treatment.
Human MAIT-cell responses to Escherichia coli: activation, cytokine production, proliferation, and cytotoxicity
Authors: Dias Joana , Sobkowiak Michał J , Sandberg Johan K , Leeansyah Edwin
Published: April 2016

Mucosa-associated invariant T cells are a large and relatively recently described innate-like antimicrobial T-cell subset in humans. These cells recognize riboflavin metabolites from a range of microbes presented by evolutionarily conserved major histocompatibility complex, class I-related molecules. Given the innate-like characteristics of mucosa-associated invariant T cells and the novel type of antigens they recognize, new methodology must be developed and existing methods refined to allow comprehensive studies of their role in human immune defense against microbial infection. In this study, we established protocols to examine a range of mucosa-associated invariant T-cell functions as they respond to antigen produced by Escherichia coli. These improved and dose- and time-optimized experimental protocols allow detailed studies of MR1-dependent mucosa-associated invariant T-cell responses to Escherichia coli pulsed antigen-presenting cells, as assessed by expression of activation markers and cytokines, by proliferation, and by induction of apoptosis and death in major histocompatibility complex, class I-related–expressing target cells. The novel and optimized protocols establish a framework of methods and open new possibilities to study mucosa-associated invariant T-cell immunobiology, using Escherichia coli as a model antigen. Furthermore, we propose that these robust experimental systems can also be adapted to study mucosa-associated invariant T-cell responses to other microbes and types of antigen-presenting cells.
Counterpoint: Clinical neuroscience is not ready for clinical use
Authors: Rego Mark D.
Published: April 2016

Radical proposals are being made to change the practice, teaching and research basis of psychiatry to that of clinical neuroscience. Such changes would affect practice via what is studied, published, recommended as standard treatment and what is decided in medico-legal forums. These proposed changes are very premature and misguided. Here, I refute these proposals.
Survey of psychiatric assessment rooms in UK emergency departments
Authors: Bolton Jim , Palmer Lucy , Cawdron Rohanna
Published: April 2016

Aims and method

We aimed to estimate the proportion of UK emergency departments with a psychiatric assessment room and to determine whether such rooms met criteria for conducting high-risk assessments. Liaison psychiatry services were asked whether their hospital had such a room, whether it met the criteria and whether respondents judged it to be sufficiently safe and private.

Results

Of the 60 emergency departments included in the survey, 23% had a psychiatric assessment room that met all the safety criteria and was judged to be safe and private. Barriers to the establishment of an appropriate facility included it being a low priority for hospital management, a room being used for other purposes, and balancing safety requirements with the creation of a calming environment.

Clinical implications

Mental illness is a common reason for presentation to emergency departments. Despite national recommendations, this survey indicates that many departments lack a sufficiently safe and private assessment room, which compromises the safety and privacy of patient care.
PhilippineIndiosin the Service of Empire: Indigenous Soldiers and Contingent Loyalty, 1600–1700
Authors: Mawson Stephanie
Published: April 2016

Philippine indios served in the Spanish armies in the thousands in expeditions of conquest and defense across Spain’s Pacific possessions, often significantly outnumbering their Spanish counterparts. Based on detailed archival evidence presented for the first time, this article extends the previously limited nature of our understanding of indigenous soldiers in the Spanish Pacific, focusing in particular on the problem of what motivated indigenous people to join the Spanish military. The existing historiography of reward structures among indigenous elites is here coupled with an analysis of the way in which military service intersected with other forms of coerced labor among nonelite Philippine indios. An understanding of pre-Hispanic cultures of warfare and debt servitude helps make the case that many indigenous soldiers were pushed into military service as a way of paying off debts or to avoid other forms of forced labor. Thus indigenous participation in the empire was always tenuous and on the brink of breaking down.
ELECTRO SPARK DEPOSITION OF TIB2 LAYERS ON TI6AL4V ALLOY
Authors: Kováčik Jaroslav , Baksa Peter , Emmer Štefan
Published: April 2016

The electro spark deposition (ESD) method was used to create wear resistant layers of TiB2 ceramic onto Ti6Al4V titanium alloy. Various deposition parameters and ways of deposition were employed in this study. It was showed that the TiB2 layer on Ti6Al4Vcan be successfully created even using hand operating ESD equipment. Then, the microstructures of the obtained TiB2 layers on Ti6Al4Vwere investigated using scanning electron microscope. Finally optimal conditions of the electro spark deposition were determined with respect to the obtained microstructure. It was also demonstrated that by using of multiple runs dense layer of almost pore free TiB2 ceramic layer on Ti6Al4V titanium alloy can be successfully prepared.
CONTENTS
Authors: AMS Editorial
Published: April 2016

Scientific papers

Letter to the Editor 
Helping children with ADHD build positive friendships
Authors: Mall Madan
Published: April 2016

Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can find it difficult to form friendships. Madan Mall and Lauren Walker look at the impact friendships can have on people with ADHD and reports on one school's initiative to help children with the condition build character and develop positive friendships.
Blunt-tipped cannulas can be used successfully for cheek augmentation
Authors: Zenker Sabine
Published: April 2016

Cannulas with blunt tips have been developed for use with dermal fillers. Microcannulas can help to improve the way these products are injected into the skin and subdermal structures. Discussion is ongoing regarding the use of a blunt-tipped cannula or a hypodermic needle. Sabine Zenker gives aesthetic practitioners some guidance on lifting the sagged lateral part of the cheek with a cannula
The use of hyaluronidase in aesthetic medicine: a literature review
Authors: Baker Anna
Published: April 2016

Consensus recommendations and guidelines concerning the off-label cosmetic use of hyaluronidase remain inconsistent with respect to dose, dilution, appropriate time of administration, and incidence of allergic reactions. The literature has confirmed that hyaluronidase plays a critically important role in reversing a number of complications arising from the injection of hyaluronic acid dermal fillers. Clinical medical aesthetic scenarios where hyaluronidase can be used as a single and adjunctive therapy are explored. As much of the evidence surrounding the use of hyaluronidase is empirical, aesthetic nurses are advised to interpret the literature cautiously in the absence of robust clinical data.
An investigation into the aetiology of flexible flat feet
Authors: Kothari A. , Bhuva S. , Stebbins J. , Zavatsky A B. , Theologis T.
Published: April 2016

Aims

There is increasing evidence that flexible flatfoot (FF) can lead to symptoms and impairment in health-related quality of life. As such we undertook an observational study investigating the aetiology of this condition, to help inform management. The hypothesis was that as well as increased body mass index (BMI) and increased flexibility of the lower limb, an absent anterior subtalar articulation would be associated with a flatter foot posture.

Patients and Methods

A total of 84 children aged between eight and 15 years old were prospectively recruited. The BMI for each child was calculated, flexibility was assessed using the lower limb assessment scale (LLAS) and foot posture was quantified using the arch height index (AHI). Each child underwent a sagittal T1-weighted MRI scan of at least one foot.

Results

An absent anterior subtalar articulation (p < 0.001) and increased LLAS (p = 0.001) predicted a low AHI. BMI was not a significant predictive factor (p = 0.566).

Conclusion

This is the first study to demonstrate the importance of the morphology of the subtalar joint on the underlying foot posture in vivo. Take home message: Flexibility of the lower limb and absence of the anterior facet of the subtalar joint are associated with flexible FF and may influence management of this common condition. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:564–8.
Errata/Corrigenda
Authors: Haddad F. S.
Published: April 2016

Bollen SR.Is arthroscopy of the knee completely useless? Meta-analysis: a reviewer’s nightmare.Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1591–1592.
Errata/Corrigenda
Authors: Haddad F. S.
Published: April 2016

Zaidi R, Cro S, Gurusamy K, Sivanadarajah N, Macgregor A, Henricson A, Goldberg A.The outcome of total ankle replacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:1500–1507.
The pre-operative levels of haemoglobin in the blood can be used to predict the risk of allogenic blood transfusion after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Maempel J. F. , Wickramasinghe N. R. , Clement N. D. , Brenkel I. J. , Walmsley P. J.
Published: April 2016

Aims

The pre-operative level of haemoglobin is the strongest predictor of the peri-operative requirement for blood transfusion after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). There are, however, no studies reporting a value that could be considered to be appropriate pre-operatively. This study aimed to identify threshold pre-operative levels of haemoglobin that would predict the requirement for blood transfusion in patients who undergo TKA.

Patients and Methods

Analysis of receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves of 2284 consecutive patients undergoing unilateral TKA was used to determine gender specific thresholds predicting peri-operative transfusion with the highest combined sensitivity and specificity (area under ROC curve 0.79 for males; 0.78 for females).

Results

Threshold levels of 13.75 g/dl for males and 12.75 g/dl for females were identified. The rates of transfusion in males and females, respectively above these levels were 3.37% and 7.11%, while below these levels, they were 16.13% and 28.17%. Pre-operative anaemia increased the rate of transfusion by 6.38 times in males and 6.27 times in females. Blood transfusion was associated with an increased incidence of early post-operative confusion (odds ratio (OR) = 3.44), cardiac arrhythmia (OR = 5.90), urinary catheterisation (OR = 1.60), the incidence of deep infection (OR = 4.03) and mortality (OR = 2.35) one year post-operatively, and increased length of stay (eight days vs six days, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Uncorrected low pre-operative levels of haemoglobin put patients at potentially modifiable risk and attempts should be made to correct this before TKA. Target thresholds for the levels of haemoglobin pre-operatively in males and females are proposed. Take home message: Low pre-operative haemoglobin levels put patients at unnecessary risk and should be corrected prior to surgery. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:490–7.
Assessing the comparability of hip arthroplasty registries in order to improve the recording and monitoring of outcome
Authors: Lacny S. , Bohm E. , Hawker G. , Powell J. , Marshall D. A.
Published: April 2016

Aims

We aimed to assess the comparability of data in joint replacement registries and identify ways of improving the comparisons between registries and the overall monitoring of joint replacement surgery.

Materials and Methods

We conducted a review of registries that are full members of the International Society of Arthroplasty Registries with publicly available annual reports in English. Of the six registries which were included, we compared the reporting of: mean age, definitions for revision and re-operation, reasons for revision, the approach to analysing revisions, and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for primary and revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) and hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA).

Results

Outcomes were infrequently reported for HRA compared with THA and all hip arthroplasties. Revisions were consistently defined, though re-operation was defined by one registry. Implant survival was most commonly reported as the cumulative incidence of revision using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Three registries reported patient reported outcome measures.

Conclusion

More consistency in the reporting of outcomes for specific types of procedures is needed to improve the interpretation of joint registry data and accurately monitor safety trends. As collecting additional details of surgical and patient-reported outcomes becomes increasingly important, the experience of established registries will be valuable in establishing consistency among registries while maintaining the quality of data. Take home message: As the volume of joint replacements performed each year continues to increase, greater consistency in the reporting of surgical and patient-reported outcomes among joint replacement registries would improve the interpretation and comparability of these data to monitor outcomes accurately. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:442–51.
The surgical approach for hemiarthroplasty does not influence patient-reported outcome
Authors: Leonardsson O. , Rolfson O. , Rogmark C.
Published: April 2016

Aims

Hemiarthroplasty of the hip is usually carried out through either a direct lateral or posterior approach. The aim of this prospective observational study was to determine any differences in patient-reported outcomes between the two surgical approaches.

Patients and Methods

From the Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register we identified patients of 70 years and above who were recorded as having had a hemiarthroplasty during 2009. Only patients who had been treated with modern prostheses were included. A questionnaire was posted to those who remained alive one year after surgery. A total of 2118 patients (78% of those available) with a mean age of 85 years (70 to 102) returned the questionnaire.

Results

Patients who had undergone surgery through a posterior approach reported a higher health-related quality of life (HRQoL, EQ-5D mean 0.52 versus 0.47, p = 0.009), less pain (visual analogue scale mean 17 versus 19, p = 0.02) and greater satisfaction with the result of surgery (visual analogue scale mean 22 versus 24, p = 0.02) than those who had a direct lateral approach. However, after adjusting for age, gender, cognitive impairment and American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, no association was found between surgical approach and HRQoL, residual pain or patient satisfaction. Take home message: The surgical approach for hemiarthroplasty does not seem to affect the patient-perceived HRQoL, residual pain or patient satisfaction one year after surgery on elderly patients. The choice of approach should be based on other factors, such as the risk of dislocation. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:542–7.