bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparative study between CO2 laser tonsillectomy and conventional tonsillectomy
Authors: R Ranjani , KR Radhakrishnan , T Sivasubramanian , DR Pandian , C Balasubramanian
Published: April 2022

Tonsillectomy is one of the leading surgical operations of the ENT profession. Chronic tonsillitis has a massive effect on the quality of life and tonsillectomy used to treat the disease is a major procedure that can lead to multiple intraoperative and post-operative conditions, including bleeding, discomfort, etc., resulting in lack of school/work and impaired quality of life.

To study the outcome of surgical procedures between CO2 laser Tonsillectomy and conventional tonsillectomy.

In this study, 50 patients with chronic tonsillitis were included and randomized to underwent one tonsil removal by CO2 Laser method and the other side by Conventional dissection method. The outcome of the two procedures was measured using the duration of surgery, blood loss on each side. Post-operative bleeding, pain and tonsillar fossa healing were evaluated on the first, second and seventh day.

The duration of surgery in the C02 laser method was 11.8±3.65 minutes, and the conventional method was 16.4±4.66 minutes. (P <0.0001) The intraoperative blood loss in the CO2 laser method was 18.74±6.86ml and conventional method; it was 44.02±9.38ml. (P<0.0001) Post-operative day 7 pain score was lower in the CO2 laser method than the conventional method. In the first, second, and seventh post-operative days, the percentage of slough formation in the tonsillar fossa was 80 percent, 74 percent, and 45 percent in the CO2 laser method, respectively, while in the conventional method was 40 percent, 47 percent, and 17 percent.

CO2 Laser tonsillectomy is a simple procedure that results in substantially less intraoperative blood loss, post-operative discomfort, and a shorter surgery time.
A prospective study of displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children treated with open reduction and internal fixation with k-wires
Authors: Singh Jhatoth Dhoom , Ratanam K. Raja
Published: April 2022

Supracondylar fractures of the humerus were the most frequent occurrence, accounting for about 65.4% of all fractures around the elbow in infants. Displaced supracondylar humeral fractures need a high degree of respect and difficulty to be treated, as they require correct anatomical reduction and internal fixation to avoid complications. Thus, in this research, we documented the effects of open reduction and internal fixation with K-wires in the displaced (Gartland type III) supracondylar fracture humerus in infants.

The prospective study of 25 cases of displaced (Gartland type III) supracondylar fractures treated with open reduction and internal fixation with K-wires were examined at our institution between September 2019 and July 2020 and followed for an average of 6 months.

All Gartland Type III fractures were closed with an average age of 6.3 years in our study of 25 patients, 13 patients had slip fractures while playing, 18 patients had left-hand fractures, and 16 patients had posteromedial displacement. The fracturing of the distal end radius was associated with 2 patients. The majority of patients underwent surgery on the 2nd day and were home on the 3rd postoperative day. 16 had a loss of motion range of 0-5 °; 18 had a loss of motion angle of 0-5 °. 3 patients had inflammation of the superficial pin tract, 2 had traumatic median nerve paralysis, 2 had K-wire migration, 1 had a deformity of the cubitus varus and 1 had >15 loss of motion.

This research shows that anatomical reduction, stable fixation with minimal complications has enhanced open reduction and internal fixation with K-wires. Therefore, the present analysis reveals an open reduction, and K-wire internal fixing is most generally known as an option for the reconstruction of infant supracondylar humerus fractures.
Cutaneous and neurological profile of tuberous sclerosis complex in children: A case series and literature review
Authors: Chatterjee Anirban , Sinha Malay Kumar
Published: April 2022

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare genetic disease, belongs to the group of neurocutaneous syndrome. The consequence of genetic mutation is inadequate inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signal pathway that results in inactivation of regulated cells growth and formation of dysgenic tissues/ hamartomas in multiple systems. The updated version of diagnostic criteria for TSC and management has been laid down after second International Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Consensus Conference (2012).

To describe the clinico-neuroradiological profile and aspects of antiepileptic treatment of “ definite” TSC cases

We report a case series of four TSC cases attended in a teaching hospital. The “ definite” TSC cases are diagnosed by updated diagnostic criteria (2012) and data obtained retrospectively from records. We discuss the present series in the light of the current literature.

We report three female and one male TSC patients. The “definite” TSC diagnosed by two major criteria - one or more cutaneous lesions and neuropathological lesion by neuroimaging. No family history of TSCs have been reported in the series.

Hypomelanotic macules were observed in all (n=4) patients. Two TSC patients (n=2) had facial angiofibroma and one TSC had (n=1) shagreen patch. In neuroimaging studies, subependymal nodules were reported in three TSC patients (n=3) and one TSC had cortical dysplasias.

The most common neurological manifestation in the TCS series is epilepsy; three TSC patients (n=3) had epilepsy. One TSC patient (n=1) did not present with epilepsy. Infantile spasms, tonic-clonic seizure and focal seizure were the phenotype of seizures. Vigabatrin, valporate and phenobarbitone have been prescribed in TSC patients. Scholastic performance was normal in one TSC patient (n=1) and subnormal in another patient(n=1).

TSC -associated cutaneous lesions, the major features for diagnosis, develop in age-dependant manner. The prospective evaluation with a neuroimaging is an integral part of TSC management. Infantile spasm, focal seizure are the first manifested seizures with subtle presentation. First-contact physician must be well knowledgeable about updated 2012 diagnostic criteria, so timely management could be advocated. Vigabatrin is the first choice for infantile spsams in TSC patients as well as for focal seizures. Cognitive outcome/ scholastic performance may varies in TSC patients.
Comparative study of wound healing following purse-string closure versus conventional linear closure for stoma reversal
Authors: Roy Vivek Kumar , Jaiswal Pradeep , Kumar Mukesh , Roy Sukalyan Saha , Sinha Saumya , Kumari Anjili , Gopal Krishna
Published: April 2022

Stoma closure is associated with several complications, wound infection being the most common. This study is done to establish that purse string suture closure method for stoma closure is superior to the conventional linear mattress closure and is associated with better wound healing cosmesis.

This Prospective randomized controlled study enrolled 80 patients who underwent stoma closure from April 2021 to March 2022 in department of General Surgery in IGIMS, Patna. Patients were divided in two groups inclusive of ileostomy and colostomy based on type of closure technique. Conventional linear closure method was applied to Group A and purse-string technique applied to Group B patients. All Patients were followed regularly upto three months after operation. Rate of infection, pain as assessed by VAS score and satisfaction as assessed by POSAS Score were done.

Purse string Closure had better outcome in terms of wound infection rate and Cosmetic results over a 3 months follow up. Ten patients in Group A and 2 from Group B out of 40 patients had wound infection. Patients with purse-string suture had statistically significant greater satisfaction over 3 months. Medium operative time of Group A was 100 minutes and that of Group B was 98 minutes. There were no significant difference in regards duration of hospital stay was more in Linear Group than Purse String (Group B).

Purse-string closure was associated with better cosmesis and lower infection rate in comparison to Linear conventional closure.
A case of isolated multiple hydatid cysts of spleen
Authors: kadian Bhopesh , Singla Sanjeev , Virmani Rohit , Dwivedi Garima , Singh Raghvendra
Published: April 2022

Isolated splenic hydatid disease is an extremely rare entity accounting for less than 3% of the total incidence of Echinococcosis. We present a case of 26yr female presenting with pain in the left hypochondrium and low-grade fever. CECT abdomen showed three loculated lesions in spleen features suggestive of hydatid cysts. She underwent splenectomy with a specimen that showed multiple splenic hydatid cysts. This case report highlights the rare presentation of isolated multiple hydatid cysts of the spleen and its successful diagnosis and treatment.
Middle phalanx epidermoid cyst, an unusual site: A case report
Authors: Makkar Dheeraj
Published: April 2022

Epidermoid cysts are cutaneous cysts frequently observed among farmers, factory workers, carpenters, and tailors due to their occupations' predilection for repetitive minor hand trauma.

A 66-year-old male laborer presented to our hospital with a swelling on the palmar aspect of his right middle finger. The swelling was accompanied by pain and an inability to work over the previous four months. A 2.5 cm × 2.5 cm smooth, tender, immobile, non-compressible hard swelling was detected just above the middle phalanx during the clinical examination on the volar aspect of the right middle finger. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology after excision. The patient's range of motion improved significantly following surgery, and his pain subsided.

We present a novel location for an epidermal inclusion cyst and the importance of histopathologic evaluation in this case. Additionally, we emphasize the significance of extensively checking the cyst's epithelium to guarantee complete capsule removal and rule out any additional pathology.
The after-effects of COVID-19 on academia and scientific community: Researchers perspective
Authors: Sultan Amina , Juneja Akanksha , Kaur Gurvinder
Published: April 2022

The commotion pandemic has caused has affected almost every aspect of the academic community. Distancing and issues related to the risk of spread have caused researchers to stop most of their most non-COVID clinical trials and experiments, causing a reduction in recruitment of research associates and a lag in data entry into clinical trial databases. Fresh graduates and research scholars who have not yet begun their doctoral research or postdoctoral fellowship are among the most who will endure the consequences. Few valuable crowdfunding options have surfaced to help fund effective scientific research that may otherwise not receive financial support. The institutes affected by the COVID-19 pandemic can seek extra financial aid to cover expenditures that arise from projects being delayed or derailed. The research community should raise awareness of the challenges faced by universities and researchers worldwide and clearly explain the need for action to prevent or limit any further unfavourable consequences.
Electric vehicle mechanical design, manufacturing and analysis application
Authors: ÖZÇELİK Abdullah Engin , TERZİOĞLU Hakan , KÖK İrem Sena , GÖKDOĞAN Ömer Cem , YAVAŞOĞLU Cüneyd , KURT Mehmet Özgün , HALICI Ayberk , ALTAN Janset , KAHYAOĞLU Muhammet , ÇETİN Serhat
Published: April 2022

Today, energy is derived from a very large percentage of fossil-based sources, such as 80-85% worldwide. However, it is not sustainable that the use of fossil-based resources pollutes the environment, causes climate change, runs out of reserves and lacks price stability. The most important measure against climate change that poses a threat to the world is to reduce the share of fossil-based resources in energy supply.In this context, in order to encourage universities in our country to design and manufacture electric vehicles and equipment, TUBITAK organizes competitions for universities and high schools under the name electromobile every year. In this study, TUBITAK Electromobile Battery was designed and manufactured by designing a unique electric vehicle to compete in the Electric Powered Vehicle category. After the mechanical designs of this vehicle we produced were made, the chassis and shell production was carried out by analyzing. After the mechanical designs of this vehicle we produced were made in the Solidworks program, the ANSYS 2019 R3 program was used for the analysis, and the chassis and shell were produced.
Experimental investigation of essential oils as fuel additives
Authors: ÇILGIN Erdal
Published: April 2022

Essential oils were investigated as fuel additives in this research. Origanum Acutidens is used to make essential oil. In the oil recovery process, hydro distillation was used. With the transesterification reaction, the obtained oil was converted into biofuel. In a specific proportion, biofuel was combined with reference diesel fuel. Critical oils were studied for their effect on engine efficiency and combustion parameters. A Kirlaskor four-stroke diesel engine was used to test the mixed fuel and comparison diesel fuel. Engine tests were carried out at various loads and at a steady engine rpm. As compared to diesel fuel, the mixture fuel provided 1.63 percent more effective engine power and 1.31 Nm more engine torque. The maximum gas pressure, maximum cumulative heat dissipation, maximum average gas temperature, and maximum net heat emission rates all increased dramatically when the combustion data was analyzed. The findings revealed that the critical oil-based blended fuel enhanced the combustion event in diesel engines.
Investigation of the pure use of microalg oil in diesel engines
Authors: ÇILGIN Erdal
Published: April 2022

The effects of mixing pure vegetable oils with diesel fuels and using them in diesel engines were explored in this study. Due to its great production, Chorella protactes, a microalgae species, was employed as a vegetable oil. First, pure microalgae oil was combined with 5% (DSYK-5) and 10% (DSYK-10) diesel reference fuel (RDF) by volume for this experiment. The resulting blended fuels and diesel reference fuel were put to the test in a four-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine at 1500 rpm and various loads. With the use of pure oil, the results showed a 4.64 percent rise in specific fuel consumption (SFC). CO emissions reduced by 9.05 percent on average when DSYK-5 fuel was used, while CO emissions increased when DSYK-10 fuel was used. HC emissions reduced by 4.6 percent on average when blended fuels were used, whereas NOx emissions increased by 3.13 percent on average. CO2 emissions were comparable to RDF fuel when DSYK-5 fuel was used. When comparing RDF fuel to DSYK-10 fuel, fewer CO2 emissions were found. Average gas temperatures, cumulative heat releases, and cylinder pressure values all reduced as the pure oil ratio in the mixture ratio increased.
External torque sensor design providing wireless and real-time data customized for drivetrain
Authors: TARAKÇI Sedat , ALDEMİR Oğuzhan , SOLMAZ Turan , IŞIK Efe
Published: April 2022

In this study, a torque sensor design that can be used in both laboratory and field tests simulating road conditions of drivetrain of the vehicles is explained. Mechanical design of the sensor has been carried out via finite element method (FEM). Material of the torque sensor and the relevant heat treatment were determined. Electronic measurement circuit design and its setup have been carried out including amplifier, filter, ADC and data transmission features which are suited for full bridge connection. Verification and calibration tests have been performed with respect to DIN-51309. As a result of the studies, it was determined that the measurement accuracy of the system in the torque range of 250 ÷ 2500 Nm was 0.5%. The effect of noise-induced deviations was found 0.05% for the precision value. Consequently, a verified universal torque sensor has been developed for any drivetrain application under torsional effect with the given specifications. It is hoped that this sensor might become a common feature on any and every drivetrain for advanced monitoring of the drive components.
Reporting Randomized Controlled Trials in Rehabilitation Research
Authors: Watson Roger , Khatoonabadi Ahmad R
Published: April 2022

The article's abstract is not available.
The Linear and Nonlinear Indices of Electroencephalography Change in the Stroop Color and Word Test
Authors: Sobhani Vahid , Rezvani Zahra , Meftahi Gholam Hossein , Ghahvehchi-Hosseini Fahimeh , Hatef Boshra
Published: April 2022

Introduction: This study evaluated the brain activity based on the linear and nonlinear features of surface electroencephalography (EEG) in the Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT) and the effect of learning in the test response and related EEG features.Materials and Methods: A total of 21 women and 19 men with physical and mental health participated in this study. Four stages of this SCWT, consistently in the first and second stages and inconsistently in the third and fourth stages, were taken twice by the participants with a 10-min interval. Besides, EEG recording was simultaneously taken for 1 minute at each stage.Results: The number of correct responses in the inconsistent stages was lower than that in the consistent stages, while the delay of correct responses was more in the consistent stages. EEG features showed that the relative power band of alpha 1 (8-10 Hz) frequency reduced during the test compared to the resting state. In contrast, the gamma 2 (40-50 Hz) frequency band showed a significant increase. There was no significant difference between various stages of the test and between two repetitions in the test indices and EEG features.Conclusion: Compared to the resting state, the relative power of alpha 1 and gamma 2 frequency bands changed during SCWT without considering the stage of the test.
Effectiveness of the Combined Memory Training Program on Memory Skills and School Achievement of Children with Specific Learning Disorders: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Nazok Nasrin , Akbarfahimi Malahat , Ghaffari Amin , Parand Akram
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Children with Specific Learning Disorders (SLD) suffer from some cognitive deficits affecting their school achievement. This study investigated the effect of the combined Working Memory Training Program (WMTP) with the Caillou program (the game-like features of computerized cognitive training programs) on memory (as a cognitive function) and academic achievement in children with SLD.Materials and Methods: In this pilot randomized controlled trial study, 30 children with SLD, aged 8-11 years, participated. They were randomly allocated to the intervention and control groups. The intervention group received 20 training sessions in 10 weeks, each lasting 30-45 minutes. The control group only participated in the assessment sessions. The primary outcome was verbal working memory skills assessed by the digit span and letter-number sequencing subtests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, the fourth edition (WISC-IV). Also, the grades of science, literature, and mathematics were collected as the secondary outcomes. Children were assessed 3 times: baseline (pre-test), after the intervention (post-test), and 2 months after the intervention (follow-up).Results: Working memory (digit span and letter-number sequencing scores) and mathematics grades were significantly improved in the intervention group, as compared to the control group at the post-test session (P<0.05) and remained in the follow-up session.Conclusion: Although this combined program effectively improves working memory and mathematic grades, further research is suggested for more academic achievement.
Sagittal Spinal Mobility and Back Extensor Muscle Function in Older Females with Age-Related Hyperkyphosis
Authors: Roghani Tayebeh , Gladin Amy , Talebian Saeed , Khalkhali Zavieh Minoo , Niknam Hoda , Katzman Wendy B.
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Spinal range of motion (ROM) is a potential and modifiable variable that may contribute to the maintenance of upright sagittal alignment. The present study aimed to compare spinal ROM in older females with and without hyperkyphosis and investigate associations between thoracic kyphosis and spinal ROM, back extensor strength (BES), and back extensor endurance (BEE).Materials and Methods: Sagittal spinal curvature and ROM were measured with the Spinal Mouse. Also, BES and BEE were assessed with a load cell. Variables were compared between older females with and without hyperkyphosis with the independent sample t test. We used the Pearson correlation coefficient to calculate associations between variables. Multiple linear regression was used to find which variable is best associated with kyphosis.Results: Lumbar and total spinal ROM were lower in the hyperkyphosis compared to the normal group (P<0.05). Thoracic kyphosis was associated with total lumbar ROM (r=-0.30, P=0.03), total spinal ROM (r=-0.35, P=0.01), BES (r=-0.73, P< 0.001), and BEE (r=-0.60, P< 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis after adjusting for age, weight, and BMI showed that BES (P<0.001) and BEE (P=0.01) but not spinal ROM (P=0.16) were significantly associated with thoracic kyphosis.Conclusion: Females with hyperkyphosis had lower spinal ROM than those with normal kyphosis. While thoracic kyphosis was significantly associated with total lumbar ROM, total spinal ROM, BES, and BEE, multivariate regression showed that ROM was not a significant contributor to thoracic kyphosis. BES and BEE were significant contributors to thoracic kyphosis and should be targeted in the rehabilitation of hyperkyphosis.
Gait Abnormalities in a Patient with the Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion: A Case Studied with Gait Analysis
Authors: Luigi Di Lorenzo , Carmela Falzarano , Raimondo Cocozza , Paolo Marano , Vincenzo Golini , Itala Ventre
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Hyponatremia, defined as serum sodium concentration <136 mEq/l, represents one of the most challenging clinical disorder in geriatric rehabilitative settings . It is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Hyponatremia can be often followed by neurological symptoms caused by cerebral oedema and in severe hyponatremia, patients frequently experience balance disorder and a high risk of falls.Materials and Method: We report the case of a female patient, followed after an accurate diagnostic work-up for a syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIADH). Hyponatremia was initially treated with hypertonic saline infusion and then with fluid restriction. In consideration of the poor response to fluid restriction, treatment with tolvaptan was started. The patient experienced walking problems and was evaluated with an EMG computed Gait Analysis before and after that sodium level was normalized.Results: Gait analysis carried out highlighted neuromuscular instability with alteration of the time parameter and spatial postural deficit. Once corrected the hyposodiemia the patient showed a marked improvement in neuromuscular control with normalization of the temporal and spatial parameter of the step.Conclusions: The clinical manifestations of the patient with SIADH are related to the severity of hyponatremia and the speed with which the sodium deficit is established. The criteria for the diagnosis of SIADH in a patient with hypotonic hyponatremia remain those established by Bartter and Schwartz in 1967. Our suggestions is so to monitor balance and gait disorders and perform serial measurements of urine and serum osmolarity during rehabilitation process in order to prevent unbalance and falling.
The Phytochemical Ingredients and Therapeutic Potential of Cynara scolymus L.
Authors: Sharma Priyanka , Kumar Verma Pawan , Kishore Pankaj Nrip , Agarwal Sanjay
Published: April 2022

Background: Medicinal herbs remain a vital source of new chemical entities, instead of the attempt of pharmaceutical companies using combinatorial and synthetic chemistry techniques for developing new drugs.
Objectives: The primary aim of review is to highlight the different phytochemcial ingredients and their therapeutic potential in Cynara scolymus
Methods: Cynara scolymus, commonly known as artichoke is a rich source of polyphenolic compounds, mainly caffeoylquinic acids and flavonoids, isolated in the polar extracts of the plant, together with the polysaccharide inulin. The worldwide scientific databases were comprehensively and systematically reviewed and summarized.
Results: The beneficial effects of artichoke in experimental studies include antidiabetic, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypercholesterolemic, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, gastrointestinal protectant, reproductive, and anticancer properties. Studies with artichoke conducted in experimental animals reported no mortality or significant toxicity. Increasing attention is being paid to developing herbal medicines as a newly emerging treatment for the welfare of the patients in the last few decades.
Conclusion: The present review detailed the versatile therapeutic efficiency and diverse application of C. scolymus. This medicinal herb has been appropriately used in conventional medicine for a long and helps cure various ailments.
Involvement of Epigenetics in the Pathogenesis, Testing and Management of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Narrative Review
Authors: Yahaya Tajudeen , Oladele Esther , Muhammed Aminu , Haruna Abdulhakeem , Liman Usman
Published: April 2022

Background: There is an intense search for the Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) cure, to stem the spread and burden of the disease worldwide. Studies revealed that epigenetic modifications impact the pathogenesis of some COVID-19 cases, which can be used as therapeutic targets. 
Objectives: This review articulated the role of epigenetics in the pathogenesis and management of COVID-19.
Methods: Relevant articles published between January 2000 and November 2020 were retrieved from reputable academic databases, including PubMed, SpringerLink, Scopus, and Google Scholar.
Results: Epigenetic modifications in the COVID-19’s pathogen, called the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and host’s cells may influence susceptibility or resistance to the disease. Notably, abnormal Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) methylation and histone modification involving immune regulatory genes and molecules, such as cytokines and interferon-regulated genes may compromise immune function and enhance the host’s susceptibility and disease severity. The hypomethylation of SARS-CoV-2’s receptor, called the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), causing its overexpression, can also enhance SARS-CoV-2’s infectivity. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 can hijack the host’s MicroRNA (miRNA) using its miRNA and compromise the immune function, increasing its infectivity. Fortunately, epigenetic changes are reversible; thus, a therapy that targets the epigenetic changes in the affected case may reverse COVID-19. 
Conclusion: Modifications in the SARS-CoV-2 or host epigenome promote the pathogenesis and severity of COVID-19. Epigenetic changes are reversible, so healthcare providers are advised to formulate therapeutic procedures that target the causal mechanisms in the affected individual.
In vivo Toxicity Evaluation of Ethanolic Extract From Two Mangrove Plants
Authors: Aunjum Afiya , Biswas Rana , Al Munna Abdullah , Billah Morsaline , Islam Emdadul , Didarul Islam Kazi Mohammed
Published: April 2022

Background: Mangrove plants, often possessing a unique collection of metabolites, have extensively been used for the primary healthcare of coastal residents.
Objectives: To determine the safety level and enrich the scientific data, the present study aimed to investigate the toxicity of Avicennia officinalis and Excoecaria agallocha. 
Methods: Ethanolic leaf and stem extracts were evaluated for cytotoxicity by brine shrimp lethality assay. The obtained extracts were administered to Swiss albino in a single dose (200, 400, 800, 1600, & 3200 mg/kg body weight) by oral-gavage for acute toxicity assay. Furthermore, systematic observation was performed by close monitoring for any toxic manifestations and mortality after dosing for the first 4 h, at 24 h and twice daily for 6 days. Evaluating the adverse effects were estimated by comparing the test groups with the controls. After sacrificing all group animals, relative organ weight was measured and histopathological analysis was conducted. 
Results: Having Lethal Concentration (LC50) of 44.66 µg/mL, E. agallocha leaf was found with the highest toxicity against brine shrimp nauplii. The toxicological study data demonstrated no death and noticeable change in behavioral patterns in the test mice groups, compared with the control group. Moreover, no significant (P>0.05) differences were found in body weight and relative organ weights, compared to the controls. The histological structures of the liver in the treated mice displayed regular tissue configurations similar to the control group.
Conclusion: In this study, the mice model exhibited no harmful effects; thus, the reported results indicated that the ethanolic extracts of leaf and stem of these two mangrove plants are safe for therapeutic use. Further long-term toxicological impact of the extracts should be determined for well-founded confirmation.
Sudden Death Due to Acetone Toxicity
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Hasan , Mohammadi Hamidreza , Tavakoli Mohammad Ali , Sadeghi Sajjad
Published: April 2022

Background: Acetone or propanone is a volatile liquid that can be absorbed by ingestion, inhalation, and dermal routes, and is distributed throughout the body. 
Case Presentation: This study presented a case of an employee of the Emergency Medical Center of North Khorasan Province, Iran, who died due to acetone poisoning. He was last seen alive approximately 4 hours before his body was found. Thus, the deceased was found 4 hours after death. He was a 25-year-old unmarried male nurse. He had a history of smoking for the last 4 years and reported diarrhea and nausea on the day before death. There was no history of diabetes or alcoholism as well as no other definite causes. According to interviews with his colleagues and family, he had no history of depression. A postmortem examination was performed to define the cause of death. Postmortem quantitative toxicological analysis with Gas Chromatography with Flame-Ionization Detection (GC-FID) presented acetone in the vitreous (35 mg/dL), blood (28 mg/dL), and urine (77 mg/dL) samples. Furthermore, in postmortem pathological analysis, highly microvascular changes and the diffuse necrosis of hepatocytes were reported. Other pathological changes in the brain and lungs were observed. No other definite medical cause of death was found. The cause of death was determined to be acute acetone intoxication. 
Conclusion: Contrary to public opinion, acetone is a toxic and dangerous substance; thus, it is necessary to improve and implement public safeguards concerning acetone usage, as well as its handling, and disposal. Organ toxicity due to acetone can be a major cause of death. Other alcohol-related poisoning deaths, such as acetone and other metabolites, should be considered.
Effectiveness of Public Health Volunteer Engagement Program in Home Care for Stroke Patients in Bo Thong District Chonburi Province, Thailand
Authors: Sutin Uten , Paluangrit Srimuang , Dangkrajang Supika , Sutthinarakorn Wandee , Prasert Vanida
Published: April 2022

This research aimed to study the effectiveness of the Public Health Volunteer Participation Program in the home care of stroke patients.
Methods: This was quasi-experimental research; the samples consisted of 30 public health volunteers in each comparison and experimental group by simple sampling. The experimental group participated the Public Health Volunteer Engagement Program that consisted of 1) improving the environment at home and supporting the physiotherapy by increasing movement to improve the body balance, 2) Stress management and social support of stroke patients at home, 3) Taking care the nutritional status among stroke patients at home, 4) Following on a daily within 12 weeks by nurse and public health volunteer. Data were collected by using the knowledge interview form on stroke and care of stroke patients. Data were analyzed by using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, pair-sample t-test, and independent-sample t-test.
Results: The results found that the knowledge average score and the home care practice score of the health volunteers were significantly higher than the comparison group (p < 0.001). When comparing the results before and after program implementation, the cerebrovascular disease care in public health volunteers were significantly higher than before program implementation. (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: The Public Health Volunteer Engagement Program in Home Care for Stroke Patients was effective. This program was suitable for promoting the public health team to care stroke patients at the community level.
Lacunar Infarction In Old Stroke: A Case Report
Authors: Devantoro Mohammad Ridho , Wijaya Wilson Saputra , Arigi Putra Muhammad Iqbal , Yogaswara Raden
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Lacunar stroke accounts for nearly a quarter of all ischemic strokes and is an important cause of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia.
Case Presentation: A 52-year-old man with lacunar infarct presented with weakness in his left thumb and forefinger since one day ago when he was sitting down.  The patient’s fingers appear bent as if holding a pencil and could not be straightened. Physical examination showed an high blood pressure, and paresis of the right facial and hypoglossal nerve. A non-contrast CT scan of head using the parenchymal window showed a hypodense lesion on the left pons, interpreted as a lacunar infarct.
Discussion: Lacunar strokes represent approximately 25% of ischemic strokes and most are associated with good outcomes. However, in 20% to 30% of patients with lacunar stroke, early neurologic damage occurs within the first days after stroke onset. Lacunar stroke was defined as acute lacunar syndrome with infarction <15 mm in diameter in the basal ganglia, deep white matter, thalamus or pons that is not associated with large vessel atherosclerosis or a cardioembolic source.
Conclusion: Lacunar infarction is a potentially reversible. These conditions can potentially be well managed with adequate treatment.
The Change of after lifting the State of Emergency by COVID-19 on the Physical Activity of the Elderly Japanese People
Authors: Miyahara So , Hirai Hideo , Ishikura Hideki , Togashi Seiji
Published: April 2022

In April 2020, the spread of COVID-19 infectious disease in Japan issued a state of emergency, making it impossible for people to go out except for unnecessary and urgent matters. It has been reported that the declaration of self-restraint will significantly reduce the volume of physical activity (PA). However, since the volume of change in the volume of PA after 6 months or more after the declaration of self-control was lifted is unknown, the volume of PA was compared. The participants were 13 elderly people living in Hiroshima City. In October 2020, an activity meter with a 3-axis accelerometer was attached to the participant's waist, and PA and physical function were measured for one week and compared with the PA measured in October 2019. Six months after the declaration was issued, there was changes volume of moderate intensity walking PA, were no changes in the number of steps, activity time, volume of light intensity PA, and volume of total PA (p ≥ 0.07%). Six months have passed since the self-restraint of activities due to the state of emergency, and now that the number of infected people has decreased, it is possible that the volume of PA in the elderly has improved due to the improvement in the sense of security and happiness. This suggests that it is important to continue daily activities, hobbies, and exercises as much as possible while taking measures against infection in order to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events.
O papel da Filosofia na formação do(a) cientista da Educação
Authors: Cardoso Alves Daniel
Published: April 2022

Este artigo se constitui metodologicamente como uma revisão de literatura e tem como objetivo geral evidenciar o papel da Filosofia na formação do pedagogo, o cientista da Educação. Para tanto, parte da seguinte questão central: qual o papel da Filosofia na formação do(a) cientista da Educação? Ancorando-se em uma literatura que concebe a Educação em sua dimensão filosófico-científica, tece considerações importantes acerca do conceito de Educação, Ciência, Filosofia, Pedagogia e Pedagogo. Dentre os seus achados, destaca-se a constatação de que a Filosofia vem sendo inserida nos currículos  dos cursos de Pedagogia do Brasil de forma panorâmica e pouco aprofundada, o que repercute, inevitavelmente, no conceito de Educação que prevalecerá entre os pedagogos. Como principal contribuição, a discussão exposta evidencia a importância da inseparabilidade entre Filosofia e Ciência para a formação integral do pedagogo, sobretudo no que diz respeito à compreensão radical do seu objeto de estudo e campo de atuação, defendendo, para tanto, que sem Filosofia, muito facilmente, o pedagogo tenderá a tornar-se um profissional que executa práticas e reproduz teorias, porém, pouco sobre ela pensa.
Análise dinâmica de volatilidade para os setores do mercado acionário brasileiro: uma aplicação do modelo MRS-GARCH
Authors: Conte Bruno Pereira , Ceretta Paulo Sérgio
Published: April 2022

Nesse artigo, foi proposta uma análise da dinâmica de volatilidade nos setores do mercado acionário brasileiro, fazendo-se assim um estudo nos principais índices setoriais da Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão (B3). Utilizou-se o modelo de regimes de Markov. Como resultados, inicialmente se observou a ausência de efeito alavancagem na maioria dos regimes das séries. Além disso, houve um predomínio de assimetria bem como a persistência de volatilidade para a maior parte dos regimes dos índices. Notou-se também uma grande similaridade entre o mercado brasileiro e o setor Financeiro, sendo ambos com regimes muito próximos, além de possuírem volatilidade com característica de maior persistência após o ano de 2013. Outra similaridade encontrada foi entre o setor de Utilidade Pública e o setor de Energia Elétrica, ambos caracterizados pela grande alternância entre os regimes estimados. Assim, foi possível concluir que cada setor do mercado acionário brasileiro tem um comportamento idiossincrático, sendo que a volatilidade de seus retornos foi captada pelos diferentes regimes estimados, um achado que contribui para as futuras avaliações setoriais do mercado brasileiro
Abordagens de estudo e percepções do ambiente de ensino e aprendizagem em uma instituição de ensino superior brasileira
Authors: Gresele Wanderson Dutra , Obana Regina Sayuri , Santi Wanderley Batista de
Published: April 2022

A busca por uma qualidade de ensino tem-se ignorado aspectos relevantes no processo de ensino aprendizagem. Assim, este estudo analisou as abordagens de estudo, percepções do ambiente acadêmico, motivação e preferências de aprendizagem dos acadêmicos em uma instituição de ensino superior localizada na região oeste do Estado do Paraná. Quanto ao método, utilizou-se de uma pesquisa de levantamento, abordagem quantitativa e natureza descritiva, as fontes de dados se deu por meio de questionário, apresentado por Ullah et al. (2011), que trata da percepção do ambiente acadêmico, preferências para diferentes tipos de curso, ensino e avaliação, motivação acadêmica e a abordagem de aprendizagem. No processo de análise utilizou-se de estatísticas descritivas, análise de confiabilidade, análise fatorial, testes de normalidade, análises de correlações, análise de agrupamentos e testes de comparativos de médias. Quanto aos resultados, verificou-se que a qualidade percebida possui um relacionamento mais forte com a abordagem profunda de estudo, preferência dos acadêmicos por cursos que tenham características de suporte de entendimento e, ainda, as variáveis habilidades, qualidade do ensino docente e recursos físicos, que fazem parte da avaliação o ambiente acadêmico, relacionam positivamente com a qualidade percebida.
Análise do Disclosure Ambiental das Empresas autuadas pelo IBAMA e listadas na B3
Authors: Soares Bianca Borghezan , Stüpp Diego Rafael , Corrêa Amanda Beatriz Nasatto
Published: April 2022

O disclosure ambiental é divulgado pelas empresas com a intenção de fornecer dados relevantes aos usuários das informações contábeis, considerando que estes estão cada dia mais conscientes das questões ambientais. Por ser considerado de caráter voluntário, o disclosure ambiental, é realizado de acordo com os princípios, valores e realidade de cada empresa. Sendo assim, esse estudo possui o objetivo de demonstrar o nível de disclosure ambiental das empresas que foram autuadas pelo Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (Ibama) de acordo com o setor de atuação. A amostra é composta por 50 empresas que estão listadas na B3 e foram autuadas pelo Ibama entre 2014 a 2017. Para verificar o nível de evidenciação ambiental nos relatórios de sustentabilidade, demonstrações financeiras padronizadas (DFPs) e no relatório da administração, foi utilizado como base, um checklist, elaborado por Farias (2008) composto por 33 questões dividido em 5 categorias. O estudo se caracteriza como pesquisa descritiva e documental e utiliza-se de estatística descritiva. Os resultados encontrados nesta pesquisa apresentam que 40% da amostra possui nulo e/ou baixíssimo nível de disclosure ambiental, pois das 33 questões que compõe o check list, 9 empresas não obtiveram nenhuma evidenciação ambiental e 11 empresas não obtiveram mais de 20% de evidenciação dentre a chance de se ter 100% de disclosure ambiental. Analisando o nível de disclosure ambiental considerando o setor, as empresas que compõe o setor de materiais básicos e utilidade pública foram o que mais tiveram evidenciação ambiental. Já as empresas do setor financeiro e consumo cíclico foram as que tiveram menor disclosure ambiental.
Revisitando a relação entre desempenho financeiro e divulgação ambiental: uma análise comparativa entre Brasil e Holanda
Authors: Pinheiro Alan Bandeira , Lameu Eva Valeria Maia , Sampaio Thicia Stela Lima , Santos Sandra Maria dos
Published: April 2022

Mediante a crescente necessidade dos stakeholders por informações que ultrapassam dados financeiros e a busca das empresas por legitimar sua imagem como responsável social e ambientalmente, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar quais fatores podem explicar o nível de divulgação ambiental das empresas brasileiras e holandesas. A pesquisa analisou 19 empresas brasileiras e 22 empresas holandesas presentes no ranking da Forbes (2015), durante os anos de 2015, 2016 e 2017. A variável dependente foi medida através de 30 indicadores ambientais da GRI. As variáveis independentes foram as características das firmas, como desempenho financeiro, idade e tamanho. Para obter os resultados foram utilizados: estatística descritiva e inferencial, testes de normalidade, correlação de Pearson e regressão hierárquica. Sob a luz da teoria da legitimidade e da teoria dos stakeholders, os dados apontaram que as empresas brasileiras são mais transparentes do que as empresas holandesas em suas divulgações ambientais. Os resultados apontaram que existe uma relação positiva entre vendas, valor de mercado, tamanho e idade da firma e a divulgação ambiental. Em contrapartida, os dados mostraram que existe uma relação negativa entre lucros e ativos e a divulgação ambiental. Conclui-se que o desempenho financeiro das firmas brasileiras e holandesas pode afetar a divulgação ambiental.
Post Harvest Management of Vegetables: A Review
Authors: Kaur Ravinder , Kaur Balvir
Published: April 2022

Horticulture is backbone of our country and greater population about 60-65% is directly or indirectly hooked in to it. In the export earnings for the country the role of horticultural produce is vital. In Indiaabout 20-40% of total horticulture produce wasted due to lack of post-harvest management of vegetables which resulted in huge financial loss.Most poor horticulture producers cannot meet the expense of modern technologies.Many metabolic changes occur in vegetables after harvesting that are influenced by disruption of supply of nutrients, water and growth regulators from the parent plant to the harvested vegetables. The overall process leads to postharvest deterioration of the produce. However, the losses are often reduced with adoption of postharvest management and use of processing technology of vegetable crops.
Response Surface Methodology to Optimize Process Parameters for Dehulling of Oats
Authors: Kaur Gagandeep , Singh Harpreet , Prasad Chavan
Published: April 2022

Background: Oats provide a tough challenge to miller, consists of rigid outer covering called hull that comprises 30-35% of the weight of the oat grain. Hull composed of cellulose, hemi-cellulose and lignin which are inedible and not digested by humans and should be separated from oats. The study would enhance the utilization of this nutritional cereal to daily diets, as the processing of oats has not yet been exploited much at rural level in India. Methods: The present investigation was aimed at optimizing the dehulling process to enhance recovery of oat groats. The best combination of dehulling parameters was obtained with response surface methodology (RSM) using Box-Behnken design. The independent process variables for dehulling of oats were moisture content (8-14%), feed rate (6-12 kg/h) and number of passes (2-4). Result: Seventeen experimental runs in triplicate were conducted to obtain optimal condition moisture content: 10.62% (wb), feed rate: 7.57 kg/h and repetitive passes: 4 with dehulling efficiency of 65.79%, groat recovery 47.16% and broken percent 14.42% respectively. An analysis of variance (ANNOVA) revealed that the process variables, dehulling efficiency, groat recovery and broken percent decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) with the increase in moisture content, feed rate and number of passes respectively.
A Critical Study of Water Management by Water User Organizations in a New Command Area: A Review
Authors: Shrivastava Yagyesh Narayan
Published: April 2022

Squeezing land and increasing population ae causing stress on water resource. This is resulting in high ground water development in the areas where available. Command area of Left Bank Canal of Rani Awanti Bai Sagar is such an area where canal water is delivered since last five years and being managed by 90 water users associations. This paper presents an evaluator study of these WUAs. There is an area of 1,28,000 ha fall under these and better management is observed About 70% tail enders are getting water now after introduction of canal ground water use reduced by 30%. Summer moong and vegetables are taken in the area which were earlier irrigated by tube-wells now being irrigated by canal. Users give their demand for summer irrigation and water is released in the canal during summer for this area only gates of minor and distributaries in the upper reach remains closed. The water is applied through flood irrigation only in the entire command area. WUAs. Feel less concern with irrigation method, repairing and maintenance etc. Technical knowhow of irrigation system and official working are lacking in most of the WUAs. There is an immediate need of strong capacity building programmes for these WUAs.