bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increased organic fertilizer application and reduced chemical fertilizer application affect the soil properties and bacterial communities of grape rhizosphere soil
Authors: Wu Linnan , Jiang Yu , Zhao Fengyun , He Xiufeng , Liu Huaifeng , Yu Kun
Published: June 2020

Increasing organic fertilizer application can improve the sustainability of soil productivity, but the effects of increased organic fertilizer application with reduced chemical fertilizer application over different time periods on chemical properties and bacterial community of grape rhizosphere soil in an arid region are not clear. In this study, three years of fixed-point field tests were used to compare the effects of various fertilization treatments on the soil properties and bacterial community in the grape rhizosphere. The results showed that (1) T1 and T2 significantly increased SOM, AN, AP and AK contents in grape rhizosphere soil. TN, TP and TK contents in grape leaves of T2 were the highest of those in five fertilization treatments. (2) The abundances of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes phyla and especially of Arthrobacter, Pseudomonas, Nitrosopira and Bacillus genera were higher in T2 than in the other samples. (3) SOM, AP and AN contents in soil were the main factors affecting soil bacterial community and mineral element contents in grape leaves and roots according to an RDA analysis. In summary, the application of organic fertilizer with reduced chemical fertilizer for two years had the greatest impact on the soil properties and bacterial community of the grape rhizosphere soil.
Neural Responses and Perceptual Sensitivity to Sound Depend on Sound-Level Statistics
Authors: Herrmann Björn , Augereau Thomas , Johnsrude Ingrid S.
Published: June 2020

Sensitivity to sound-level statistics is crucial for optimal perception, but research has focused mostly on neurophysiological recordings, whereas behavioral evidence is sparse. We use electroencephalography (EEG) and behavioral methods to investigate how sound-level statistics affect neural activity and the detection of near-threshold changes in sound amplitude. We presented noise bursts with sound levels drawn from distributions with either a low or a high modal sound level. One participant group listened to the stimulation while EEG was recorded (Experiment I). A second group performed a behavioral amplitude-modulation detection task (Experiment II). Neural activity depended on sound-level statistical context in two different ways. Consistent with an account positing that the sensitivity of neurons to sound intensity adapts to ambient sound level, responses for higher-intensity bursts were larger in low-mode than high-mode contexts, whereas responses for lower-intensity bursts did not differ between contexts. In contrast, a concurrent slow neural response indicated prediction-error processing: The response was larger for bursts at intensities that deviated from the predicted statistical context compared to those not deviating. Behavioral responses were consistent with prediction-error processing, but not with neural adaptation. Hence, neural activity adapts to sound-level statistics, but fine-tuning of perceptual sensitivity appears to involve neural prediction-error responses.
Induction of IRAK-M in melanoma induces caspase-3 dependent apoptosis by reducing TRAF6 and calpastatin levels
Authors: Geng Degui , Ciavattone Nicholas , Lasola Jackline Joy , Shrestha Rojesh , Sanchez Amelia , Guo Jitao , Vlk Alexandra , Younis Rania , Wang Lucy , Brown Alex J. , Zhang Yuji , Velasco-Gonzalez Cruz , Tan Aik-Choon , Davila Eduardo
Published: June 2020

Melanoma represents the most serious type of skin cancer. Although recent years have seen advances using targeted and immunotherapies, most patients remain at high risk for tumor recurrence. Here we show that IRAK-M, a negative regulator of MyD88 signaling, is deficient or low in melanoma and expression levels correlate with patient survival. Inducing IRAK-M expression using genetic approaches or epigenetic modifiers initiates apoptosis by prompting its interaction with TRAF6 via IRAK-M’s C-terminal domain. This complex recruits and degrades calpastatin which stimulates calpain activity and triggers caspase-3-dependent but caspase-8,−9-independent apoptosis. Using a drug screen, we identified compounds that induced IRAK-M expression. Administration of IRAK-M-inducing drugs reduced tumor growth in mice but was ineffective against IRAK-M knock-down tumors. These results uncover a previously uncharacterized apoptosis pathway, emphasize IRAK-M as a potential therapeutic target and suggest that the anticancer activity of certain drugs could do so through their ability to induce IRAK-M expression.
Dual-responding circularly polarized luminescence based on mechanically and thermally induced assemblies of cyano-distyrylbenzene hydrogen bonding liquid crystals
Authors: Chen Shibing , Jiang Shengjie , Qiu Jiabin , Guo Hongyu , Yang Fafu
Published: June 2020

Circularly polarized luminescence controlled by both mechanical and temperature stimuli was observed for the first time.
Synthesis of an ultra-thin Ni-membrane/ZnO-nanorod grass clump-like composite and its enhanced photocatalysis
Authors: Han Wenmei , Tang Yiguo , Wu Tong , Wu Qingsheng
Published: June 2020

The base metal flexible Ni membrane with ZnO array on both sides effectively promotes the separation of electron–hole pairs.
Single atomic site catalysts: synthesis, characterization, and applications
Authors: Ye Chenliang , Zhang Ningqiang , Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong
Published: June 2020

This feature article summarizes the recent contributions of the authors in the synthesis, characterization, and applications of SASCs.
Orientational ordering in heteroepitaxial water ice on metal surfaces
Authors: Sugimoto Toshiki , Matsumoto Yoshiyasu
Published: June 2020

Sum frequency generation spectroscopy uncovers the orientational ordering in crystalline ice films of water grown on Pt(111) and Rh(111).
Electron scattering cross sections from nitrobenzene in the energy range 0.4–1000 eV: the role of dipole interactions in measurements and calculations
Authors: Álvarez L. , Costa F. , Lozano A. I. , Oller J. C. , Muñoz A. , Blanco F. , Limão-Vieira P. , White R. D. , Brunger M. J. , García G.
Published: June 2020

Absolute total electron scattering cross sections (TCS) for nitrobenzene molecules with impact energies from 0.4 to 1000 eV have been measured by means of two different electron-transmission experimental arrangements.
Therapeutic effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus SHA113 on intestinal infection by multi-drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and its underlying mechanisms
Authors: Liu Guanwen , Pang Bing , Li Na , Jin Han , Li Junjun , Wu Wanqin , Ai Chongyang , Jiang Chunmei , Shi Junling
Published: June 2020

Lactobacillus rhamnosus SHA113 showed therapic effects on the instestinal infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus, especially multi-drug-resistant (MDR) pathogenic S. aureus.
Sterically enriched bulky 1,3-bis(N,N′-aralkyl)benzimidazolium based Pd-PEPPSI complexes for Buchwald–Hartwig amination reactions
Authors: Reddy Motakatla Venkata Krishna , Anusha Gokanapalli , Reddy Peddiahgari Vasu Govardhana
Published: June 2020

A simple and efficient synthesis of a series of unexisting Pd-PEPPSI complexes is summarized. These complexes are exploited for their high catalytic activity towards Buchwald–Hartwig amination.
Modulation of field-like spin orbit torque in heavy metal/ferromagnet heterostructures
Authors: Wang Zilu , Cheng Houyi , Shi Kewen , Liu Yang , Qiao Junfeng , Zhu Daoqian , Cai Wenlong , Zhang Xueying , Eimer Sylvain , Zhu Dapeng , Zhang Jie , Fert Albert , Zhao Weisheng
Published: June 2020

We experimentally modulate the field-like spin orbit torque in heavy metal/ferromagnet heterostructures by control of interfacial spin transmission.
Pyroelectric synthesis of Au/Pt bimetallic nanoparticles–BaTiO3 hybrid nanomaterials
Authors: Wang Liren , Wang Han , Liu Yanming , Wang Xinyu , Tao Peng , Shang Wen , Fu Benwei , Song Chengyi , Deng Tao
Published: June 2020

A “green” synthetic approach to Au/Pt bimetallic nanoparticles under an alternating temperature field.
N-doped oxidized carbon dots for methanol sensing in alcoholic beverages
Authors: Latha M. , Aruna-Devi R. , Bogireddy N. K. R. , Rios Sergio E. S. , Mochan W. L. , Castrellon-Uribe J. , Agarwal V.
Published: June 2020

Herein, we establish a new perspective towards economically viable non-toxic fluorescent probes as a potential substitute of expensive alternative for the detection of MeOH in alcoholic beverages.
Synthesis and structural studies on (E)-3-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one: a promising nonlinear optical material
Authors: Borges I. D. , Danielli J. A. V. , Silva V. E. G. , Sallum L. O. , Queiroz J. E. , Dias L. D. , Iermak I. , Aquino G. L. B. , Camargo A. J. , Valverde C. , Osório F. A. P. , Baseia B. , Napolitano H. B.
Published: June 2020

A new fluorinated chalcone (E)-3-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one was synthesized in 90% yield and crystallized by a slow evaporation technique.
Synthesis of isobemisiose, neosartose, and fischerose: three α-1,6-linked trehalose-based oligosaccharides identified from Neosartorya fischeri
Authors: Kuenstner E. J. , Palumbo E. A. , Levine J. , Snyder N. L.
Published: June 2020

The first concise and scalable chemical synthesis of three complex α-1,6-linked trehalose-based oligosaccharides, isobemisiose, neosartose, and fischerose, are reported for the first time.
Teaching Preschoolers With Autism to Use Different Speech-Generating Device Display Formats During Play: Intervention and Secondary Factors
Authors: Gevarter Cindy , Horan Keri , Sigafoos Jeff
Published: June 2020

Purpose

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and complex communication needs are increasingly taught to use tablet-based speech-generating devices (SGDs). An important issue in designing such interventions is the selection of an appropriate format for displaying vocabulary. The purpose of this study was to determine (a) whether young children with ASD can be taught to use different SGD vocabulary display formats and (b) whether there are differences across the formats on a range of secondary measures (e.g., preference and generalization).

Method

Five preschoolers with ASD (and prior experience with simpler aided augmentative and alternative communication) were taught to use grid and visual scene display SGDs during a play-based intervention. Acquisition of functional responding was assessed using a single-case experimental design. Secondary variables included error types, antecedents for communication, preference, and generalization.

Results

All participants increased their use of functional target vocabulary using both the grid and the simple visual scene display. Of the five participants, three showed similar performance with both formats, whereas two had slightly higher rates of functional responding with the grid. Individualized differences across participants and formats were apparent across secondary variables (e.g., preference, error types, generalization).

Conclusions

Both simple grid and visual scene displays may be viable options when teaching functional use of SGDs to children with ASD who have prior aided augmentative and alternative communication experience. Analyzing secondary variables beyond device acquisition (e.g., generalization, preference) may have implications for individualizing intervention.
Transparent conductive silver nanowires films on glass substrate
Authors: Zhong Jianjun , Wang Yuehui
Published: June 2020

Silver nanowires (AgNWs) with the length and diameter of 25–35 μm and 25–35 nm, respectively, were prepared via a polyol reduction process using FeCl3 and NaBr as reaction inhibitors. The molar ratio of FeCl3 to NaBr has an influence on the yield of the product, but has little influence on the morphology of the product. Transparent conductive AgNWs films were fabricated on a glass slide and the optoelectronic and electrothermal properties of the film were investigated. The experimental results reveal that AgNWs heated at 25–170°C remained intact, and fused into discontinuous segments after heated at 200°C; and AgNWs films have good conductivities (51.2 to 20.5 Ω sq−1), excellent transmittance values (96.3 to 95.7%), and low surface roughness values (12.7 to 18.3 nm). The transparent AgNWs film heaters show fast heat response to reach its steady‐state temperature and good electro‐thermal conversion behaviour at low input voltages.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of Zr‐modified Al–7Si–0.35Mg–0.2Ti cast alloy
Authors: Zhang Zhuang , Du Xiaodong , Zhuang Pengcheng , Chai Rong , Wang Changjian , Zhang Hao
Published: June 2020

In this research, four specimens of hypo‐eutectic Al–7Si–0.35Mg–0.2Ti–xZr (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 wt%) cast alloys were fabricated via a traditional casting method. The effect of different concentrations of Zr on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cast alloys was investigated through metallographic observation, SEM analysis, TEM observations, tensile strength testing, and Vickers hardness test. The results show that the plate‐like shape eutectic Si phase is gradually transformed into fine fibrous eutectic Si phase, and is more evenly distributed as the content of Zr increased. The α‐Al matrix grains are transformed from dendrites to isometric grains, of which the grains sizes became smaller. The results of the tensile test show that with the addition of 0.2% Zr, Al–7Si–0.35Mg–0.2Ti alloys obtain the best tensile properties. The ultimate tensile strength and elongation values are 221 MPa and 11%, the number of which is increased by 14.5 and 71.9% than base alloy, respectively. Additionally, the alloy's yield strength, Vickers hardness, and other comprehensive mechanical properties have also improved significantly.
Controlled functionalisation of graphene oxide using ethylene diamine: a one‐pot synthesis approach for chromium sorption
Authors: Govindankutty Gopika , Hareendran Shreya , Sathish Asha , Kamaraj Nithya
Published: June 2020

Introduction of ethylene diamine into the layers of graphene oxide was achieved through direct compounding method. Graphene oxide intercalated with ethylene diamine was characterised by Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDX) techniques. The efficiency of the material in adsorbing chromium was evaluated through batch scale studies by optimising parameters like pH, concentration and contact time. The material renders a monolayer adsorption capacity of 69.93 mg/g, at pH 1 within 60 min time period for a minimal dosage of 0.05 g. The ethylene diamine modified graphene oxide thus appeals to be a promising adsorbent for environmental applications.
Anisotropy of random motions of gas in Messier 33
Authors: Chemin Laurent , Braine Jonathan , Combes Françoise , Kam Zacharie S. , Carignan Claude
Published: June 2020

Context. The ellipsoid of random motions of the gaseous medium in galactic disks is often considered isotropic, as appropriate if the gas is highly collisional. However, the collisional or collisionless behavior of the gas is a subject of debate. If the gas is clumpy with a low collision rate, then the often observed asymmetries in the gas velocity dispersion could be hints of anisotropic motions in a gaseous collisionless medium.

Aims. We study the properties of anisotropic and axisymmetric velocity ellipsoids from maps of the gas velocity dispersion in nearby galaxies. This data allow us to measure the azimuthal-to-radial axis ratio of gas velocity ellipsoids, which is a useful tool to study the structure of gaseous orbits in the disk. We also present the first estimates of perturbations in gas velocity dispersion maps by applying an alternative model that considers isotropic and asymmetric random motions.

Methods. High-quality velocity dispersion maps of the atomic medium at various angular resolutions of the nearby spiral galaxy Messier 33, are used to test the anisotropic and isotropic velocity models. The velocity dispersions of hundreds of individual molecular clouds are also analyzed.

Results. The HI velocity dispersion of M 33 is systematically larger along the minor axis, and lower along the major axis. Isotropy is only possible if asymmetric motions are considered. Fourier transforms of the H I velocity dispersions reveal a bisymmetric mode which is mostly stronger than other asymmetric motions and aligned with the minor axis of the galaxy. Within the anisotropic and axisymmetric velocity model, the stronger bisymmetry is explained by a radial component that is larger than the azimuthal component of the ellipsoid of random motions, thus by gaseous orbits that are dominantly radial. The azimuthal anisotropy parameter is not strongly dependent on the choice of the vertical dispersion. The velocity anisotropy parameter of the molecular clouds is observed highly scattered.

Conclusions. Perturbations such as HI spiral-like arms could be at the origin of the gas velocity anisotropy in M 33. Further work is necessary to assess whether anisotropic velocity ellispsoids can also be invoked to explain the asymmetric gas random motions of other galaxies.
Global photometric properties of (162173) Ryugu
Authors: Tatsumi E. , Domingue D. , Schröder S. , Yokota Y. , Kuroda D. , Ishiguro M. , Hasegawa S. , Hiroi T. , Honda R. , Hemmi R. , Le Corre L. , Sakatani N. , Morota T. , Yamada M. , Kameda S. , Koyama T. , Suzuki H. , Cho Y. , Yoshioka K. , Matsuoka M. , Honda C. , Hayakawa M. , Hirata N. , Hirata N. , Yamamoto Y. , Vilas F. , Takato N. , Yoshikawa M. , Abe M. , Sugita S.
Published: June 2020

Context.The Hayabusa2 spacecraft launched by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency has been conducting observations of the asteroid (162173) Ryugu since June 2018. The Telescopic Optical Navigation Camera (ONC-T) onboard Hayabusa2 has obtained thousands of images under a variety of illumination and viewing conditions.

Aims.Our objective is to examine and validate the camera calibration, derive a photometric correction for creating global albedo maps, and to interpret the photometric modeling results to characterize the surface of Ryugu.

Methods.We observed (162173) Ryugu with the Gemini-South telescope, and combined these measurements with other published ground-based observations of the asteroid. The ground-based observations were compared with the data obtained by ONC-T in order to validate the radiometric calibration mutually. We used a combination of the Hapke disk-integrated and disk-resolved model equations to simultaneously analyze the combined ground- and spacecraft-based data.

Results.The average spectrum of Ryugu was classified as Cb-type following the SMASSII taxonomy and C/F-type following the Tholen taxonomy based on spacecraft observations. We derived Hapke model parameters for all seven color filters, which allowed us to photometrically correct images to within an error of <10% for ~80% of the image pixels used in the modeling effort. Using this model, we derived a geometric albedo of 4.0 ± 0.5% (vband) for Ryugu. The average reflectance factor at the standard illumination condition was 1.87 ± 0.14% in thevband. Moreover we measured a phase reddening of (2.0 ± 0.7) × 10−3μm−1deg−1for Ryugu, similar to that observed for the asteroid (101955) Bennu.

Conclusions.The global color map showed that the general trend was for darker regions to also be redder regions, however there were some distinct exceptions to this trend. For example, Otohime Saxum was bright and red while Kibidango crater was dark and blue. The darkness and flatness of Ryugu’s reflectance might be caused by a high abundance of organic materials.
Using radio triangulation to understand the origin of two subsequent type II radio bursts
Authors: Jebaraj I. C. , Magdalenić J. , Podladchikova T. , Scolini C. , Pomoell J. , Veronig A. M. , Dissauer K. , Krupar V. , Kilpua E. K. J. , Poedts S.
Published: June 2020

Context. Eruptive events such as coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and flares accelerate particles and generate shock waves which can arrive at Earth and can disturb the magnetosphere. Understanding the association between CMEs and CME-driven shocks is therefore highly important for space weather studies.

Aims. We present a study of the CME/flare event associated with two type II bursts observed on September 27, 2012. The aim of the study is to understand the relationship between the observed CME and the two distinct shock wave signatures.

Methods. The multiwavelength study of the eruptive event (CME/flare) was complemented with radio triangulation of the associated radio emission and modelling of the CME and the shock wave employing MHD simulations.

Results. We found that, although temporal association between the type II bursts and the CME is good, the low-frequency type II (LF-type II) burst occurs significantly higher in the corona than the CME and its relationship to the CME is not straightforward. The analysis of the EIT wave (coronal bright front) shows the fastest wave component to be in the southeast quadrant of the Sun. This is also the quadrant in which the source positions of the LF-type II were found to be located, probably resulting from the interaction between the shock wave and a streamer.

Conclusions. The relationship between the CME/flare event and the shock wave signatures is discussed using the temporal association, as well as the spatial information of the radio emission. Further, we discuss the importance and possible effects of the frequently non-radial propagation of the shock wave.
Observed sizes of planet-forming disks trace viscous spreading
Authors: Trapman L. , Rosotti G. , Bosman A. D. , Hogerheijde M. R. , van Dishoeck E. F.
Published: June 2020

Context. The evolution of protoplanetary disks is dominated by the conservation of angular momentum, where the accretion of material onto the central star is fed by the viscous expansion of the outer disk or by disk winds extracting angular momentum without changing the disk size. Studying the time evolution of disk sizes therefore allows us to distinguish between viscous stresses or disk winds as the main mechanism of disk evolution. Observationally, estimates of the size of the gaseous disk are based on the extent of CO submillimeter rotational emission, which is also affected by the changing physical and chemical conditions in the disk during the evolution.

Aims. We study how the gas outer radius measured from the extent of the CO emission changes with time in a viscously expanding disk. We also investigate to what degree this observable gas outer radius is a suitable tracer of viscous spreading and whether current observations are consistent with viscous evolution.

Methods. For a set of observationally informed initial conditions we calculated the viscously evolved density structure at several disk ages and used the thermochemical code DALI to compute synthetic emission maps, from which we measured gas outer radii in a similar fashion as observations.

Results. The gas outer radii (RCO, 90%) measured from our models match the expectations of a viscously spreading disk: RCO, 90% increases with time and, for a given time, RCO, 90% is larger for a disk with a higher viscosity αvisc. However, in the extreme case in which the disk mass is low (Mdisk ≤ 10−4 M⊙) and αvisc is high (≥10−2), RCO, 90% instead decreases with time as a result of CO photodissociation in the outer disk. For most disk ages, RCO, 90% is up to ~12× larger than the characteristic size Rc of the disk, and RCO, 90%/Rc is largest for the most massive disk. As a result of this difference, a simple conversion of RCO, 90% to αvisc overestimates the true αvisc of the disk by up to an order of magnitude. Based on our models, we find that most observed gas outer radii in Lupus can be explained using viscously evolving disks that start out small (Rc(t = 0) ≃ 10 AU) and have a low viscosity (αvisc = 10−4−10−3).

Conclusions. Current observations are consistent with viscous evolution, but expanding the sample of observed gas disk sizes to star-forming regions, both younger and older, would better constrain the importance of viscous spreading during disk evolution.
Masses for the seven planets in K2-32 and K2-233
Authors: Lillo-Box J. , Lopez T. A. , Santerne A. , Nielsen L. D. , Barros S. C. C. , Deleuil M. , Acuña L. , Mousis O. , Sousa S. G. , Adibekyan V. , Armstrong D. J. , Barrado D. , Bayliss D. , Brown D. J. A. , Demangeon O. D. S. , Dumusque X. , Figueira P. , Hojjatpanah S. , Osborn H. P. , Santos N. C. , Udry S.
Published: June 2020

Context. High-precision planetary densities are key pieces of information necessary to derive robust atmospheric properties for extrasolar planets. Measuring precise masses is the most challenging part of this task, especially in multi-planetary systems. The ESO-K2 collaboration focuses on the follow-up of a selection of multi-planetary systems detected by the K2 mission using the HARPS instrument with this goal in mind.

Aims. In this work, we measure the masses and densities of two multi-planetary systems: a four-planet near resonant chain system (K2-32) and a young (~400 Myr old) planetary system consisting of three close-in small planets (K2-233).

Methods. We obtained 199 new HARPS observations for K2-32 and 124 for K2-233 covering a long baseline of more than three years. We performed a joint analysis of the radial velocities and K2 photometry with PASTIS to precisely measure and constrained the properties of these planets, focusing on their masses and orbital properties.

Results. We find that K2-32 is a compact scaled-down version of the Solar System’s architecture, with a small rocky inner planet (Me = 2.1−1.1+1.3 M⊕, Pe ~ 4.35 days) followed by an inflated Neptune-mass planet (Mb = 15.0−1.7+1.8 M⊕, Pb ~ 8.99 days) and two external sub-Neptunes (Mc = 8.1 ± 2.4 M⊕, Pc ~ 20.66 days; Md = 6.7 ± 2.5 M⊕, Pd ~ 31.72 days). K2-32 becomes one of the few multi-planetary systems with four or more planets known where all have measured masses and radii. Additionally, we constrain the masses of the three planets in the K2-233 system through marginal detection of their induced radial velocity variations. For the two inner Earth-size planets we constrain their masses at a 95% confidence level to be smaller than Mb < 11.3 M⊕ (Pb ~ 2.47 days), Mc < 12.8 M⊕ (Pc ~ 7.06 days). The outer planet is a sub-Neptune size planet with an inferred mass of Md = 8.3−4.7+5.2 M⊕ (Md < 21.1 M⊕, Pd ~ 24.36 days).

Conclusions. Our observations of these two planetary systems confirm for the first time the rocky nature of two planets orbiting a young star, with relatively short orbital periods (<7 days). They provide key information for planet formation and evolution models of telluric planets. Additionally, the Neptune-like derived masses of the three planets, K2-32 b, c, d, puts them in a relatively unexplored regime of incident flux and planet mass, which is key for transmission spectroscopy studies in the near future.
No universal connection between the vertical magnetic field and the umbra-penumbra boundary in sunspots
Authors: Löptien B. , Lagg A. , van Noort M. , Solanki S. K.
Published: June 2020

Context. It has been reported that the boundary between the umbra and the penumbra of sunspots occurs at a canonical value of the strength of the vertical magnetic field, independently of the size of the spot. This critical field strength is interpreted to be the threshold for the onset of magnetoconvection.

Aims. Here we investigate the reasons why this criterion, also called the Jurčák criterion in the literature, does not always identify the boundary between the umbra and the penumbra.

Methods. We performed a statistical analysis of 23 sunspots observed with Hinode/SOT. We compared the properties of the continuum intensity and the vertical magnetic field between filaments and spines and how they vary between spots of different sizes.

Results. We find that the inner boundary of the penumbra is not related to a universal value of the vertical magnetic field. The properties of spines and filaments vary between spots of different sizes. Both components are darker in larger spots and the spines exhibit a stronger vertical magnetic field. These variations of the properties of filaments and spines with the spot size are also the reason for the reported invariance in the averaged vertical magnetic field at 50% of the mean continuum intensity.

Conclusions. The formation of filaments and the onset of magnetoconvection are not related to a canonical value of the strength of the vertical magnetic field. The seemingly unique magnetic field strength is rather an effect of the filling factor of spines and penumbral filaments.
Orbital and spectral characterization of the benchmark T-type brown dwarf HD 19467B
Authors: Maire A.-L. , Molaverdikhani K. , Desidera S. , Trifonov T. , Mollière P. , D’Orazi V. , Frankel N. , Baudino J.-L. , Messina S. , Müller A. , Charnay B. , Cheetham A. C. , Delorme P. , Ligi R. , Bonnefoy M. , Brandner W. , Mesa D. , Cantalloube F. , Galicher R. , Henning T. , Biller B. A. , Hagelberg J. , Lagrange A.-M. , Lavie B. , Rickman E. , Ségransan D. , Udry S. , Chauvin G. , Gratton R. , Langlois M. , Vigan A. , Meyer M. R. , Beuzit J.-L. , Bhowmik T. , Boccaletti A. , Lazzoni C. , Perrot C. , Schmidt T. , Zurlo A. , Gluck L. , Pragt J. , Ramos J. , Roelfsema R. , Roux A. , Sauvage J.-F.
Published: June 2020

Context.Detecting and characterizing substellar companions for which the luminosity, mass, and age can be determined independently is of utter importance to test and calibrate the evolutionary models due to uncertainties in their formation mechanisms. HD 19467 is a bright and nearby star hosting a cool brown dwarf companion detected with radial velocities and imaging, making it a valuable object for such studies.

Aims.We aim to further characterize the orbital, spectral, and physical properties of the HD 19467 system.

Methods.We present new high-contrast imaging data with the SPHERE and NaCo instruments. We also analyze archival data from the instruments HARPS, NaCo, HIRES, UVES, and ASAS. Furthermore, we use proper motion data of the star from HIPPARCOSandGaia.

Results.We refined the properties of the host star and derived an age of 8.0+2.0−1.0Gyr based on isochrones, gyrochronology, and chemical and kinematic arguments. This age estimate is slightly younger than previous age estimates of ~9–11 Gyr based on isochrones. No orbital curvature is seen in the current imaging, radial velocity, and astrometric data. From a joint fit of the data, we refined the orbital parameters for HD 19467B, including: a period of 398+95−93yr, an inclination of 129.8+8.1−5.1deg, an eccentricity of 0.56 ± 0.09, a longitude of the ascending node of 134.8 ± 4.5 deg, and an argument of the periastron of 64.2+5.5−6.3deg. We assess a dynamical mass of 74+12−9MJ. The fit with atmospheric models of the spectrophotometric data of the companion indicates an atmosphere without clouds or with very thin clouds, an effective temperature of 1042+77−71K, and a high surface gravity of 5.34+0.8−0.9dex. The comparison to model predictions of the bolometric luminosity and dynamical mass of HD 19467B, assuming our system age estimate, indicates a better agreement with the Burrows et al. (1997, ApJ, 491, 856) models; whereas, the other evolutionary models used tend to underestimate its cooling rate.
CO+first-negative band emission: A tracer for CO in the Martian upper atmosphere
Authors: Raghuram Susarla , Bhardwaj Anil
Published: June 2020

Context.Recently, the Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph (IUVS) on board the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) satellite observed CO+first-negative band limb emission in the Martian upper atmosphere.

Aims.We aim to explore the photochemical processes in the Martian upper atmosphere, which drive this band emission.

Methods.A photochemical model was developed to study the excitation processes of CO+first-negative band emission (B2Σ+→ X2Σ+) in the upper atmosphere of Mars. The number density profiles of CO2and CO from two different models, namely, Mars Climate Database (MCD) and Mars Global Ionosphere-Thermosphere (MGIT), were used to determine the limb intensity of this band emission.

Results.By increasing the CO density by a factor of 4 and 8 in MCD and MGIT models, respectively, the modelled CO+first-negative band limb intensity profile is found to be consistent with the IUVS/MAVEN observation. In this case, the intensity of this band emission is significantly determined by the ionisation of CO by solar photons and photoelectrons, and the role of dissociative ionisation of CO2is negligible.

Conclusions.Since CO is the major source of the CO+(B2Σ+), we suggest that the observed CO+first-negative band emission intensity can be used to retrieve the CO density in the Martian upper atmosphere for the altitudes above 150 km.
Study of femtosecond laser pulse induced shockwave in aluminum-coated dielectric target
Authors: Zhou Chuliang , Bai Yafeng , Li Zhongpeng , Ding Yingying , Sun Haiyi , Tian Ye
Published: June 2020

The influence of the preplasma on laser induced shockwave in the laser and aluminum-coated planar dielectric target interaction at vacuum has been investigated with the shadowgraphy method. While the laser irradiate on the aluminum-coated dielectric target at intensity of about 1017 W/cm2, the metallic layers absorb laser energy, evaporate and ionize into plasma, it is verified that the scale length of laser-produced plasma is dramatically dependent on the contrast ratio of femtosecond-laser while the main laser pulse energy is almost kept. The characteristics of laser induced shock wave in nanosecond time scale were studied. In the nanosecond time scale, shock wave is only observed in the case of relatively short plasma scale length. This result can be explained by the dissipation of the shock wave during its propagation in the preplasma. In addition, we performed numerical simulation with MULTI2D to get an insight into the propagation of shock wave in the overdense plasma [R. Ramis, J. Meyer-ter-Vehn, and J. Ramírez, Comput. Phys. Commun. 180, 977 (2009)].
A comparison of delta wire technique versus extension block pinning in the treatment of bony Mallet finger
Authors: Chee Wai Hong , Gunasagaran Jayaletchumi , Ahmad Tunku Sara
Published: June 2020

Ziel Diese Studie vergleicht die klinischen Ergebnisse nach Delta-Draht-Technik (Gruppe 1 = 7 Patienten) mit den Ergebnissen nach Extensions-Block-Pinning (Gruppe 2 = 11 Patienten) in der Behandlung des knöchernen Mallet-Fingers.

Patienten und Methoden Sechs Monate postoperativ wurde bei allen Patienten das klinische Ergebnis nach den Crawford-Kriterien, die Schmerzen anhand einer visuellen Analogskale (VAS) und der DASH-Score ermittelt. Zusätzlich wurden die aktive Beweglichkeit und das Extensionsdefizit im Endgelenk sowie aufgetretene Komplikationen festgehalten.

Ergebnisse Patienten der Gruppe 1 hatten eine signifikant bessere Beugung im Fingerendgelenk, aber auch ein signifikant größeres Extensionsdefizit, obwohl sie signifikant früher ihre Arbeit wiederaufnahmen. Nach den Crawford-Kriterien erzielten 71 % der Patienten der Gruppe 1 und 100 % der Gruppe 2 ein exzellentes und gutes Ergebnis. Keine Unterschiede konnten bzgl. der OP-Dauer, der Schmerzen, dem DASH-Score und der Zeit bis zur knöchernen Heilung festgestellt werden.

Schlussfolgerung In der Kurzzeitbeobachtung werden mit Extension-Block-Pinning bessere Ergebnisse in der Behandlung des knöchernen Strecksehnenausriss am Fingerendglied erzielt als mit der Delta-Draht-Technik.
When Telestroke Programs Work, Hospital Size Really Does Not Matter
Authors: Nalleballe Krishna , Brown Aliza , Sharma Rohan , Sheng Sen , Veerapaneni Poornachand , Patrice Kelly-Ann , Shah Vishank , Onteddu Sanjeeva , Culp William , Lowery Curtis , Benton Tina , Joiner Renee , Kapoor Nidhi
Published: June 2020

Background There are still marked disparities in stroke care between rural and urban communities including difference in stroke-related mortality. We analyzed the efficiency of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) delivery in the spoke sites in our telestroke network to assess impact of telecare in bridging these disparities.

Methods We analyzed critical time targets in our telestroke network. These included door-to-needle (DTN) time, door-to-CT (D2CT) time, door-to-call center, door-to-neurocall, and total consult time. We compared these time targets between the larger and smaller spoke hospitals.

Results Across all the 52 spokes sites, a total of 825 stroke consults received intravenous tPA. When compared with larger hospitals (>200 beds), the smaller hospital groups with 0 to 25 and 51 to 100 beds had significantly lower D2CT time (p-value 0.01 and 0.005, respectively) and the ones with 26 to 50 and 151 to 200 beds had significantly lower consult time (p-value 0.009 and 0.001, respectively). There was no significant difference in the overall DTN time when all the smaller hospital groups were compared with larger hospitals.

Conclusion In our telestroke network, DTN times were not significantly affected by the hospital bed size. This shows that a protocol-driven telestroke network with frequent mock codes can ensure timely administration of tPA even in rural communities regardless of the hospital size and availability of local neurologists.
Prognosis of Pregnancy in Epileptics in Benin: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Adoukonou Thierry , Agbétou Mendinatou , Sidi Rachidi Imorou , Gnansounou Colombe , Accrombessi Donald , Hounzangbe-Adoukonou Yasmine , Gnonlonfoun Dieudonné , Kabibou Salifou , Tonato-Bagnan Josiane Angéline , Houinato Dismand
Published: June 2020

Objective The main purpose of this article is to define prognosis of pregnancies in epileptic women in Benin.

Methods This was a case–control study that included 54 epileptic women who had at least one pregnancy matched to 162 controls on age, pregnancy term, and monitoring center. Information about epilepsy, treatment, pregnancy, and childbirth were collected. A logistic regression with odds ratio (OR) calculation was used to study the association.

Results During pregnancy 22.22% of epileptic women experienced an increase in seizure frequency. Epileptics had more frequent miscarriages (OR: 1.84 [1.01–3.51]), more incidents during pregnancy (OR: 4.03 [1.04–15.60]), and were more often hospitalized (OR: 3.35 [1.46–7.69]) than women without epilepsy. They, more often, had premature children before 37 weeks of amenorrhea (OR: 2.10 [1.12–3.91]) and gave birth to low-birth-weight children (OR = 2.17 [1.00–4.76]).

Conclusion Occurrence of a pregnancy in an epileptic woman in Benin is at risk and requires multidisciplinary monitoring by both neurologist and obstetrician to reduce complications.
Fourth Ventricular Outflow Obstruction in an Infant with Ileal Atresia and Laryngomalacia: Endoscopic Management
Authors: Chowdhury Forhad H. , Haque Mohammod Raziul , Rumi Jalal Uddin Mohammod , Arifin Mohammod Samsul
Published: June 2020

Fourth ventricle outflow obstruction (FVOO) is a rare cause of obstructive hydrocephalus. In this study, we described a case of idiopathic FVOO with ileal atresia and laryngomalacia which was managed with endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and re-endoscopy. We also described the techniques of fenestration of Liliequist membrane and partial removal of arachnoid membrane over dorsum sella (DS) to prevent closure of fenestration and recurrence of hydrocephalus. The patient was a 4-month-old infant presented with progressively increasing head size, feeding difficulty, respiratory distress, and tense fontanel. The infant had a history of laparotomy for ileal atresia. CT scan showed panventriculomegaly due to FVOO. ETV with fenestration of Liliequist membrane was done on emergency basis. After operation, the patient improved clinically and radiologically. Four weeks later, the patient returned with recurrent hydrocephalus. Endoscopic reoperation showed closure of fenestration in arachnoid membrane (Lilieqiest membrane). Endoscopic refenestration with partial excision of arachnoid on DS was done. The patient again recovered radiologically and clinically till last follow-up. In idiopathic FVOO, ETV with wide fenestration of Liliequist membrane, preferably with partial removal of arachnoid on DS, may be very useful in treating hydrocephalus (HCP) and preventing recurrent HCP even in infants.
Burden of Illness Due to Fibromyalgia in a Neurology Clinic
Authors: Vijayan Beena Vasanthy , Nair Vijayan Chandrathil Parameswaran , M. Geethadevi
Published: June 2020

Background Fibromyalgia (FM) is a common disorder in general population and it causes an increased patient load in hospitals and specialty clinics. FM attendance will be high in clinics dealing with neuropathic pain and other pain syndromes. Though prevalence of FM has been studied in community and pain clinics in other countries, it has not so far been studied in India. So, a study is relevant and hence it was planned in neurology clinic of a teaching government hospital. At present, they are treated mainly by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) which are public health hazard.

Methods Using 2016 revision of 2010/2011 American College of Rheumatology criteria of FM, patients were screened in neurology OPD. Proportion and clinical profile were noted. Study was continued for 6 months till the sample size was met.

Results A total of 2,300 patients were screened. Two hundred and ninety-eight FM patients were identified among them. Proportion was 12.96%. Delayed diagnosis of more than a year occurred in 55%. Only 29.2% were treated, but none was offered cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) before. NSAIDs for pain were given for 51.01%.

Conclusion Proportion of FM detected is considerable. Affection of homemakers and manual laborers, delayed diagnosis, coexisting comorbid illness, and treatment of pain with NSAIDs are causes of concern. Clinicians should be sensitized to clinical profile and criteria of FM. Patients should be diagnosed and treated by CBT at the earliest and NSAIDs should be avoided as far as possible.
Wernicke’s Encephalopathy: Typical Disease with an Atypical Clinicoradiological Manifestation
Authors: Verma Rajesh , Kumar Chetan
Published: June 2020

Wernicke’s encephalopathy is an acute neurological disorder caused due to thiamine deficiency. It is characterized by a triad of confusion, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia. Wernicke’s encephalopathy can present with atypical clinical manifestations, particularly in setting of nonalcoholic background. Our patient manifested with clinical complaints of acute drowsiness, speech difficulty, and ataxia. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed T2 hyperintensity in bilateral medial thalami, globus pallidus, periaqueductal gray matter, dorsal pons, and dorsal medulla. The diagnosis of Wernicke’s encephalopathy was entertained and he well responded to parental thiamine therapy. The clinician should be aware about atypical presentation of Wernicke’s encephalopathy.
Generating tunable vacuum ultraviolet coherent light sources without phase matching
Authors: Mandel Savannah
Published: June 2020

Researchers generate tunable vacuum ultraviolet coherent light sources using dielectric nanomembranes and observe light intensities suitable for spectroscopic applications.
Relative contributions of Franck–Condon to Herzberg–Teller terms in charge transfer surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy
Authors: Birke Ronald L. , Lombardi John R.
Published: June 2020

We have theoretically modeled charge transfer (CT) surface enhanced raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy using pyridine bound to a planar Ag6 metal nanocluster. CT states were determined by natural transition orbital hole–particle plots and CT distance DCT and the amount of charge transferred qCT indices. We first consider a resonance Raman (RR) model based on the Albrecht approach and calculate the ratio of the Herzberg–Teller (HT) B or C term to the Franck–Condon (FC) A term for a totally symmetric a1 vibrational mode exciting in the lowest energy CT state. Using a dimensionless upper limit to the displacement factor ∆ = 0.05 in the FC term based on the examination of overtones in experimental spectra and a calculated HT coupling constant hCT = 0.439 eV/Å(amu)1/2 in the HT term, we calculated the scattering ratio of the HT to FC intensities as 147. This example indicated that for totally symmetric modes, the scattering intensity would all come from HT scattering. To further verify this result, we used the general time-dependent-RR formulation of Baiardi, Bloino, and Barone with the adiabatic Hessian model to calculate the FC, the Frank–Condon and Herzberg–Teller (FCHT), and the HT terms for pyridine in the C2v Ag6-pyridine complexes. For all cases we studied with pyridine in two orientations either parallel or perpendicular to the planar Ag6 cluster, the HT terms, FCHT + HT, dominate the FC term in the CT RR spectrum. These results indicate that for CT SERS, the intensity of all the totally and non-totally symmetric vibrational modes should come from the HT effect.
Reactive molecular dynamics simulation for isotope-exchange reactions in H/D systems: ReaxFFHD development
Authors: Izadi Mohammad Ebrahim , Maghari Ali , Zhang Weiwei , van Duin Adri C. T.
Published: June 2020

To investigate the chemical isotope-exchange reactions within a system composed of a mixture of hydrogen and deuterium (H/D) in the plasma media, the ReaxFFHD potential was parameterized against an appropriate quantum mechanics (QM)-based training set. These QM data involve structures and energies related to bond dissociation, angle distortion, and an exchange reaction of the tri-atomic molecular ions, H3+, D3+, H2D+, and D2H+, produced in the hydrogen plasma. Using the ReaxFFHD potential, a range of reactive molecular dynamics simulations were performed on different mixtures of H/D systems. Analysis of the reactions involved in the production of these tri-atomic molecular ions was carried out over 1 ns simulations. The results show that the ReaxFFHD potential can properly model isotope-exchange reactions of tri-atomic molecular ions and that it also has a perfect transferability to reactions taking place in these systems. In our simulations, we observed some intermediate molecules (H2, D2, and HD) that undergo secondary reactions to form the tri-atomic molecular ions as the most likely products in the hydrogen plasma. Moreover, there remains a preference for D in the produced molecular ions, which is related to the lower zero-point energy of the D-enriched species, showing the isotope effects at the heart of the ReaxFFHD potential.
Ion-gated transistors based on porous and compact TiO2 films: Effect of Li ions in the gating medium
Authors: Subramanian Arunprabaharan , George Ben , Bobbara Sanyasi Rao , Valitova Irina , Ruggeri Irene , Borghi Francesca , Podestà Alessandro , Milani Paolo , Soavi Francesca , Santato Clara , Cicoira Fabio
Published: June 2020

Ion-gated transistors (IGTs) are attractive for chemo- and bio-sensing, wearable electronics, and bioelectronics, because of their ability to act as ion/electron converters and their low operating voltages (e.g., below 1 V). Metal oxides are of special interest as transistor channel materials in IGTs due to their high mobility, chemical stability, and the ease of processing in air at relatively low temperatures (<350 °C). Titanium dioxide is an abundant material that can be used as a channel material in n-type IGTs. In this work, we investigate the role of the morphology of the TiO2 channel (porous vs compact films) and the size of the cations in the gating media ([EMIM][TFSI] and [Li][TFSI] dissolved in [EMIM][TFSI]) to study their role on the electrical characteristics of IGTs. We found that both the film morphology and the type of gating medium highly affect the electrical response of the devices.