bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reactive Deposition of Dielectrics by Ion Beam Assisted E-beam Evaporation
Authors: Nightingale Joshua , Cornell T. , Samudrala P. , Poloju P. , Hornak L. A. , Korakakis D.
Published: June 2019

Fabrication of high index contrast waveguide stacks for biosensing and other applications require nanometer scale thickness control. Nanoscale dielectric films from electron-beam evaporation can be difficult to obtain due to the resulting porosity and poor stoichiometry of the films. An alternative approach is the reactive deposition of the film from a metal source in the presence of oxygen ions. Using spectroscopic ellipsometry, we have shown that greater control over thickness and index of refraction of silicon dioxide depositions can be obtained through reactive depositions as compared to depositions from SiO2 dielectric source material itself. Through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), the Si-O in-phase stretching peak at 1078 cm-1 can be traced, allowing us to determine the stoichiometry of the film.

The effects of performing depositions of aluminum oxide dielectric source material in the presence of oxygen ions has also been investigated. Through the use of the oxygen ion source, greater control over index of refraction and optical losses has been observed. By controlling ion source parameters, the aluminum oxide films’ index of refraction can be engineered within a range of 1.58 to 1.64, and waveguide losses can be reduced to as low as 2.0 dB/cm.
Indentation-Induced Damage Mechanisms in Germanium
Authors: Oliver David J , Bradby Jodie E , Williams Jim S , Swain Michael V , McGrouther Damien , Munroe Paul
Published: June 2019

The response of crystalline Ge to indentation has been studied over a range of maximum loads. At a certain load, an unusual ‘giant pop-in’ event occurs, in which a discontinuous extension of >1 μm is observed in the force-displacement curve. In such cases, load release curves show a pronounced ‘elbowing’ response, leading to increased depth recovery. TEM and Raman microspectroscopy revealed the presence of amorphous material in the residual impression. To examine cracking, a sequence of cross-sections was milled through the indent and images taken using an automated method (the ‘slice-and-view’ method). Using 3-D reconstruction software, the data was segmented and reconstructed into a 3-dimensional representation of the cracks around the indent. Applying this technique to indents featuring a giant pop-in, it was deduced that the inelastic elbowing observed was a bending response of material detached by lateral cracking. The giant pop-in is attributable to material removal, caused by lateral cracks formed during loading.
Development of Hybrid MEMS/FIB Processes and Applications of Three-pronged Active Nanotweezers For Manipulation of Nano Objects
Authors: Wang Xuefeng , Liu Chang
Published: June 2019

We report recent development of a three-probe micromachined nanomanipulator for manipulation and in-situ characterization of nanomaterials in scanning electron microscope (SEM). The nanomanipulator consists of three independent probes having thermal bimetallic actuators and nanoscopic end-effectors. Nanoscale end-effectors with sub-100-nm spacing are created using focused ion beam (FIB) milling to directly interface with nanoscopic objects (e.g., nanotubes, nanowires). Handling of individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was successfully realized with the nanomanipulator in an SEM.
Residual Stress of Focused Ion Beam-Exposed Polycrystalline Silicon
Authors: Archuleta Kim M. , Adams David P. , Vasile Michael J. , Fulghum Julia E.
Published: June 2019

Medium energy (30 keV) focused gallium ion beam exposure of silicon results in a compressive in-plane stress with a magnitude as large as 0.4 GPa. Experiments involve uniform irradiation of thin polysilicon microcantilevers (200 micron length) over a range of dose from 1 x 1016 to 2 x 1018 ions/cm2. The radii of curvature of microcantilevers are measured using white light interferometry before and after each exposure. The residual stress is determined from these radii and other measured properties using Stoney's equation. The large residual stress is attributed to ion beam damage, microstructural changes and implantation.
Actinide Co-Conversion by Internal Gelation
Authors: Robisson Anne-Charlotte , Dauby Jacques , Dumont-Shintu Corinne , Machon Estelle , Grandjean Stéphane
Published: June 2019

Suitable microstructures and homogenous microspheres of actinide compounds are of interest for future nuclear fuel or transmutation target concepts to prevent the generation and dispersal of actinide powder. Sol-gel routes are being investigated as one of the possible solutions for producing these compounds. Preliminary work is described involving internal gelation to synthesize mixed compounds including minor actinides, particularly mixed actinide or mixed actinide-inert element compounds. A parameter study is discussed to highlight the importance of the initial broth composition for obtaining gel microspheres without major defects (cracks, craters, etc). In particular, conditions are defined to produce gel beads from Zr(IV)/Y(III)/Ce(III) or Zr(IV)/An(III) systems. After gelation, the heat treatment of these microspheres is described for the purpose of better understanding the formation of cracks after calcination and verifying the effective synthesis of an oxide solid-solution.
Synthesis of Porous Materials via Multiscale Templating Approaches: Emulsions, Nanoparticles, Supercritical Fluids, and Directional Freezing
Authors: Zhang Haifei , Hussain Irshad , Long James , Tan Bien , Brust Mathias , Rosseinsky Matthew , Rannard Steven , Butler Michael , Cooper Andrew
Published: June 2019

A “toolkit” of emulsion templating and directional freezing methods has been developed which allows the preparation of a wide variety of organic, inorganic, and metallic materials in a macroporous or hierarchically porous form.1,18,20 The various processes use water, organic solvents, or aqueous/organic emulsions as the template phase. We have shown that the organic solvent can be replaced by liquid CO2 in both the emulsion templating and directional freezing approaches, thus reducing organic waste and offering advantages in applications such as the preparation of biomaterials.
New Low-Dimensional Iron(II) Phosphates Exhibiting Field-Dependent Magnetization Steps
Authors: Hwu Shiou-Jyh , Queen Wendy L. , Wang Lei , Ranmohotti K. G. Sanjaya
Published: June 2019

A new family of transition-metal-containing phosphates ANa3M7(PO4)6, where A = K, Rb, Cs and M = Mn, Fe, Co, was synthesized via high-temperature (650-800 °C), solid state reactions. Sizable single crystals up to 1 cm (ca. 160 mg) were grown for structure and property characterization. The extended structure comprises of alternating corner- and edge-sharing triangular chains of FeOn (n = 5,6) polyhedra involving four crystallographically distinct Fe(II) cations. The triangular chains propagate along the a and b directions to form slabs, which are interlinked by P5+ and a fifth Fe2+ cation to form the three-dimensional lattice. The magnetic susceptibility studies suggest that some of these fascinating compounds exhibit a ferromagnetic transition at temperatures between 10K and 15K. The field-dependent studies on the oriented single crystal of RbNa3M7(PO4)6 show the occurrence of magnetization steps at 2 -5K. In this report, we will first discuss some prior research developments relevant to the study of geometrically frustrated magnetic (GFM) interactions, followed by the results of our exploratory synthesis in the pseuo-quaternary iron(II) phosphate system and finally some initial investigations of temperature- and field-dependent magnetic properties.
High-Pressure Synthesis of a Novel PbFeO3
Authors: Tsuchiya Takeshi , Saito Hiroyuki , Yoshida Masashi , Katsumata Tetsuhiro , Ohba Tomonori , Inaguma Yoshiyuki , Tsurui Takao , Shikano Masahiro
Published: June 2019

A novel perovskite-type oxide PbFeO3 was successfully synthesized under a pressure as high as 7GPa, and the crystal structure, oxidation state, thermal stability, magnetic and dielectric properties were investigated. PbFeO3 possesses an orthorhombic perovskite unit cell and there is no phase transition between room temperature and 570 K. This compound decomposes into Pb2Fe2O5 in the vicinity of 740 K in air. According to XPS, it was found that this compound includes the Pb2+, Pb4+, and Fe3+ ions.
Electrospinning of Single-Crystal Vanadium Oxide Nanorods
Authors: Ban Chunmei , Whittingham M. Stanley
Published: June 2019

Vanadium oxide nanorods intercalated with lithium cations have been successfully formed by the hydrothermal treatment of electrospun precursors. The novelty of this synthesis method is the control of the morphology of the vanadium nanorod precursor by the electrospinning process, and then to convert to the desired compound with loss of the organic polymer while maintaining the morphology through a hydrothermal treatment. Transmission llectron microcopy shows that the single nanorods formed have a square shape cross-section with a width of less than 100nm. Electron diffraction shows that each nanorod is a single crystal, and X-ray diffraction shows that the nanorods have a layered structure with a 10.5 Å layer spacing. Their characterization, magnetic and electrochemical behavior and variable chemical composition are described together with the opportunities electrospinning presents for forming novel materials.
The Edible Microchip: A Hands On Overview of the Semiconductor Manufacturing Process
Authors: Gleixner Stacy H.
Published: June 2019

The Edible Microchip is a hands on workshop where participants fabricate on wafer (sugar wafers, that is) transistors. The transistors may not have cutting edge gate lengths. They may not have the industry standard for oxide thickness. Technically, they won't even work. However, they will be the tastiest microchips ever made, guaranteed!

The “fabrication” of the edible microchip will be used to step through semiconductor manufacturing using the medium of decorating cookies to explain each process step. The main steps that are covered in the demonstration are doping, deposition, and photolithography. By actively replicating these steps on cookies, the participants gain a good overview of the semiconductor process sequence regardless of their technical background.

The scope of technical information in the Edible Microchip program can be tailored for a range of ages and technical backgrounds. It can be used as a materials engineering recruitment tool for grades 6–12 audiences and lower division college students. The workshop can also be used to give an educational and entertaining introduction to semiconductor manufacturing for engineering students of varying disciplines.
Reducing the Costs of Laboratory Instruction through the Use of On-Line Laboratory Instruction
Authors: Pope David P. , Anderson Helen L.
Published: June 2019

This paper describes a new program for teaching undergraduate laboratories in the School of Engineering and Applied Science at the University of Pennsylvania based on the idea that laboratories can be taught more efficiently, less expensively, and better through the use of World Wide Web-based technology. This technology is used to help the students prepare themselves before coming to the laboratory by becoming acquainted with the equipment, going through pre-lab exercises and taking pre-lab quizzes, both on the content of the work and on the safety considerations of the laboratory, all through web-based exercises.

We have shown that by using web-based teaching tools we can both improve the quality of an undergraduate laboratory while, at the same time, reducing costs. We have accomplished this by making a number of changes in the way laboratory courses are offered:

1. We are changing the way students prepare for laboratory periods by putting more information on the web, beginning the laboratories online before class.

2. We have instituted an institution-wide system of on-line grading.

3. We have shown that the costs of laboratory equipment can be dramatically reduced by using of special software on desktop computers to convert the computers into “virtual instruments”.

4. We have estimated the costs of teaching some of our laboratories using the so-called “ingredients method” of cost analysis and have shown that we are accomplishing substantial cost savings, up to 20%, in some cases.
Os modelos na ciência: traços da evolução histórico-epistemológica
Authors: Silva Fernando Siqueira da , Catelli Francisco
Published: June 2019

Resumo O que é um modelo? Neste artigo apresentamos alguns aspectos históricos e epistemológicos da noção de modelo desde sua inserção na ciência até a sua concepção mais contemporânea. O cenário é limitado às ciências formais e factuais. Analisando algumas discussões entre filósofos da ciência e cientistas, a respeito das diferentes noções de modelo, partimos do final do século XIX onde aparecem os modelos mecânicos e as analogias em física (1860), passamos pelos modelos em lógica matemática (1920), depois pelos modelos matemáticos, objetos-modelos e seus modelos teóricos (1950) e chegamos à metade final do século XX onde aparecem os modelos computacionais (1980). Percebe-se então que a resposta à pergunta “o que é um modelo?” não pode ser dada de modo universal. Um desenho, um diagrama, um esboço, uma ilustração, um objeto concreto (maquete), uma estrutura matemática (modelo simbólico), um software de computador, uma cópia de alguma coisa (modelo icônico), tudo isso pode ser considerado modelo de algo. Tomados no sentido epistemológico todos podem ser considerados como estruturas concretas ou abstratas que visam de alguma forma representar diferentes aspectos de uma determinada realidade, coisa, fato ou fenômeno.
Perceptions of the elderly and their relatives about aging
Authors: Colussi Eliane Lucia , Pichler Nadir Antonio , Grochot Lucimara
Published: June 2019

Abstract Objective: to identify the meaning of aging as perceived by the elderly and their relatives. Method: an exploratory, descriptive and qualitative study was carried out in 2014, based on semi-structured interviews with eight elderly participants of a social group and five relatives of elderly people. The information was synthesized using Bardin’s content analysis, from the description of the subjects’ speech in terms of units of significance. Results: content analysis revealed two thematic categories: the meaning of aging in the perception of the elderly and human aging in the understanding of the relatives. Conclusion: the perceptions of the interviewees regarding aging refer to successful, dignified and active aging, with autonomy, independence and the possibility of accomplishment, considering the specificities and difficulties of understanding the process of living and coexistence between family members. The caregivers reported concerns about the future of the elderly in terms of health, dependence, and physical, psychic and social limitations, with a combination of positive and negative feelings, but recognized their responsibility of care.
Cateter venoso central de inserção periférica em oncologia pediátrica: revisão de escopo
Authors: Bortoli Paula Saud De , Leite Ana Carolina Andrade Biaggi , Alvarenga Willyane de Andrade , Alvarenga Carolina Spinelli , Bessa Caroline Rabaza , Nascimento Lucila Castanheira
Published: June 2019

Resumo Objetivo: Conhecer a produção científica sobre a utilização e manutenção do cateter central de inserção periférica (CCIP) em crianças e adolescentes em tratamento oncológico. Método: Revisão do tipo Scoping Review, segundo o método adaptado e proposto por Levac, Colquhoun e O’Brien. Foram percorridas cinco etapas: identificação da questão de pesquisa; buscas por estudos relevantes; seleção de estudos; extração dos dados; agrupamento, resumo e apresentação dos resultados. Utilizaram-se as bases de dados PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, LILACS e Embase. Foram incluídos artigos de revisão da literatura ou originais, de abordagem quantitativa ou qualitativa, que focalizassem o cateter venoso central de inserção periférica em crianças e adolescentes com câncer, em qualquer fase do tratamento oncológico e contexto de cuidado, publicados em português, inglês e espanhol, no período de 2006 a 2017. Resultados: Buscas nas bases de dados capturaram 609 artigos únicos, dos quais nove compuseram a amostra final. Foram elaborados cinco temas principais relacionados à utilização do cateter venoso central de inserção periférica: indicação, técnica de inserção, manutenção do cateter, complicações relacionadas e desfechos do uso. Os resultados permitem sintetizar as recomendações para a utilização deste dispositivo no que se refere, sobretudo, a: terapêutica e tipo de neoplasia, veias de escolhas, tipos de curativos, principais complicações e desfechos. Conclusão: O cateter venoso central de inserção periférica mostra-se uma opção segura e confiável para a terapia endovenosa na população pediátrica oncológica. O presente estudo contribui por tornar clara a indicação de sua utilização para tal população e apontar temas a serem explorados em futuros estudos empíricos.
Instrumentos de avaliação do risco de prolongamento de internação hospitalar
Authors: Modas Diana Andreia Santos , Nunes Elisabete Maria Garcia Teles
Published: June 2019

Resumo Objetivo: Mapear a existência de instrumentos para avaliação do risco de prolongamento do tempo de internação com retardo da alta hospitalar do paciente. Métodos: Efetuada revisão da literatura do tipo scoping de acordo com o proposto pela Joanna Briggs Institute. Efetuada pesquisa na plataforma eletrônica da Ebscohost: Medline, Cinahl, MedicLatina, Cochrane Data Base of Systematic Reviews; na PubMed, em repositórios (RIMAS, RIAP RIUIS, RCAAP e Veritati) e no Google Scholar. Consultadas as referências bibliográficas dos documentos selecionados. Resultados: Da pesquisa efetuada selecionaram-se 7 artigos para análise, que abordavam 4 instrumentos: Patient Status of Continence, Ambulation, Age, Social Background and Thought Processes; 4-Score, Blaylock Risk Assessment Screen e The Multidisciplinary Record. Conclusão: O risco de prolongamento do tempo de internação com retardo da alta hospitalar pode ser avaliado através de 4 tipos de instrumentos. Esta avaliação foca-se principalmente na função cognitiva do paciente, na sua idade, no seu nível de dependência nas atividades de vida diárias, na sua mobilidade e apoio social de que dispõe, apostando-se num planejamento de alta precoce e preventivo.
O Problema da Formação nos Escritos de Juventude de Hannah Arendt: uma investigação sobre a Bildung
Authors: Eccel Daiane
Published: June 2019

Resumo: Com exceção do texto Crise na Educação, publicado na década de cinquenta, Hannah Arendt escreveu diretamente sobre esta temática em seus escritos de juventude, na década de trinta. No entanto, seu problema de pesquisa ainda não estava bem delineado e o destaque para ambos os textos está relacionado com o conceito de formação (Bildung) e não diretamente a respeito da educação e de suas instituições. Nosso objetivo neste artigo é investigar como o tema foi tratado por Hannah Arendt antes da sua imigração para os Estados Unidos e quais são os elementos que permanecerão em suas obras posteriores. Para tanto, nos ocuparemos com a investigação de dois textos: i) sua resenha a respeito da obra do pedagogo alemão Hans Weil, Die Entstehung des deutschen Bildungsprinzip (O surgimento do princípio alemão da Bildung), publicado em 1930 e ii) O Iluminismo e a questão judaica, de 1932.
Microfósseis não polínicos como indicadores de mudanças ambientais no Holoceno médio da Lagoa Comprida, Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Authors: Luz Cynthia Fernandes Pinto da , Barros Marcia Aguiar de , Misumi Shana Yuri , Lebrão Cynthia , Barth Ortrud Monika
Published: June 2019

RESUMO O trabalho teve como objetivo identificar e descrever a morfologia de microfósseis não polínicos ocorrentes nos sedimentos de um testemunho retirado próximo à barra da Lagoa Comprida, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Foram identificadas oito formas de fungos, dois tipos de algas Chlorococcales em estágio colonial, um tipo de zygósporo de alga Zygnematales, quatro de diatomáceas, um de microforaminífero, dois de cistos de dinoflagelados, um de microesclera de Porifera, um de esporo de briófita e nove de esporos de samambaias e licófitas. Informações ecológicas sobre os organismos de origem foram fornecidas para prover material de referência para a reconstrução paleoambiental ao longo do Holoceno em áreas de restinga.
Physiological and Molecular Responses in Rice, Weedy Rice and Barnyardgrass Exposed to Supra-Optimal Temperatures
Authors: OLIVEIRA C. , AGOSTINETTO D. , LANGARO A.C. , GARCIA J.R. , LAMEGO F.P.
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT: The global temperature to rise 0.3 to 4.8 oC to century. Supra-optimal temperatures can affect plants at different organizational levels, causing morphological, physiological, biochemical and gene expression alterations. Rice, weedy rice, and barnyardgrass may to response differently when subjected to supra-optimal temperatures. Thus, the aimed at determining the physiological response and expression of the genes APX2, HSP24.15 e HSP71.10 in rice, weedy rice, and barnyardgrass when in to supra-optimal temperatures. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in randomized complete desing with four repetitions, with a factorial combination of temperature x plantas, where: factor A consisted of two temperatures (25 oC and 40 oC); and factor B of three plants [rice (Oryza sativa cv. Puitá INTA-CL), weedy rice (Oryza spp.), and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa spp.)]. The 40 oC temperature, in general, caused a reduction in the photosynthesis parameters and in the protein content, and increased the oxidative stress in C3 plants; no damage was observed in the C4 plant subjected to this temperature. In response to the supra-optimal temperatures, rice and weedy rice increased of APX and SOD activity and the expression of OsAPX2, OsHSP24.15 and OsHSP71.10 genes. Barnyardgrass exposed to supra-optimal temperature do not modify the activity of its antioxidant system and increased the OsHSP71.10 gene expression.
Paineis híbridos de lâminas e partículas de madeira para uso estrutural
Authors: Macedo Laurenn Borges de , Aquino Vinicius Borges de Moura , Wolenski Anderson Renato Vobornik , Christoforo André Luis , Lahr Francisco Antonio Rocco
Published: June 2019

Resumo O uso de painéis de madeira tem ganhado destaque na indústria da construção civil. Os painéis MDP não atingem requisitos estruturais, ao contrário dos painéis OSB e compensado. Uma alternativa a fim de aprimorar o uso de painéis de partículas de madeira consiste no reforço desses com lâminas de madeira (painéis híbridos). Esta pesquisa objetivou avaliar o potencial de uso de painéis híbridos fabricados com partículas e lâminas de madeira de Pinus sp. e com resina poliuretana bicomponente à base de óleo de mamona, obedecendo à norma ABNT NBR 14810-2. Os resultados das propriedades físicas e mecânicas foram comparados com os requisitos normativos para painéis OSB (EN 300) e compensados (DIN 68792), e também com os resultados de painéis comerciais OSB e compensado. Os painéis híbridos atenderam os requisitos normativos para painéis comerciais OSB e compensado, indicados para uso estrutural. A análise estatística indicou a superioridade das propriedades físicas e mecânica dos painéis híbridos quando comparados com os resultados dos painéis OSB e compensado comerciais, resultado esse também justificado pelo uso da resina à base de mamona.
Residuos de desmote de algodón aglomerados: su producción y aplicación en la construcción de viviendas
Authors: Argento Romina Soledad , Ferreyra João , Anderson Alan Murdoch , Carrasco María Fernanda , González Ariel , Grether Ruben Marcos
Published: June 2019

Resumen La factibilidad de producir bloques y placas mediante la aglomeración de residuos de desmote del algodón (cascarilla) con ligantes cálcicos se ha comprobado en trabajos previos. Estos residuos representan un serio inconveniente para las plantas desmotadoras, que anualmente generan gran cantidad de desechos sin destino final identificado en Argentina. La variabilidad de la producción anual de algodón, la dispersión geográfica de las desmotadoras y los costos de transporte, dificultan proponer alternativas de reutilización de alta complejidad. Se propone emplearlo como materia prima para elaborar aglomerados de cascarilla con cemento portland utilizando tecnologías sencillas, fácilmente apropiables y transferibles. Este trabajo analiza las características de los aglomerados obtenidos y la influencia que ejercen diversos parámetros de producción sobre ellas y sobre la productividad del proceso. Los resultados alcanzados muestran la mejora de la productividad del proceso mediante el empleo de aditivos de calidad industrial, así como un mejor comportamiento higrotérmico de envolventes de viviendas por la incorporación de estos aglomerados, reemplazando materiales de elevado costo y tecnologías constructivas complejas.
Mesosetum filgueirasii (Poaceae, Arthropogoninae): A New Species from the Cerrado Biome, Brazil, and its Leaf Blade Anatomy
Authors: Célia de Oliveira Regina , Gomes Sueli Maria , Felipe-Da-Silva José Geraldo , Montenegro Valls José Francisco
Published: June 2019

Abstract—Mesosetum (Poaceae, Arthropogoninae) is a Neotropical genus with its greatest diversity in Brazil, which has 22 of the 25 recognized species, 14 of which are endemic to this country. One more endemic species, Mesosetum filgueirasii, here
described, is allied to M. penicillatum because it has the lower lemma covered by an indumentum in tufts. This work establishes the distinction between these species and provides the anatomical description of the leaf blade of M. filgueirasii. The new species is known
only from the area called “Garganta,” located on the border of the Brazilian states of Tocantins and Bahia. It grows in Cerrado vegetation, in eroded soil. This is the first report of anatomical data supporting taxonomic studies in this genus.
New Record of Pteris esquirolii in Taiwan, with Two Similar New Species, Pteris rugosifolia and Pteris subesquirolii
Authors: Chao Yi-Shan
Published: June 2019

Abstract—Three taxa from Taiwan in the Pteris cretica group (Pteridaceae) have extremely wide pinnae that are greater than two cm wide. Leaf and spore morphology, complemented with molecular phylogenetic results, indicate these three taxa are new for Taiwan.
Compared with similar species in adjacent areas, they are described here as one new record, Pteris esquirolii, and two new species, P. rugosifolia and P. subesquirolii. Pteris rugosifolia has chartaceous and wrinkled laminae, and P. subesquirolii,
similar to P. esquirolii, has coriaceous and flat laminae. Furthermore, there are differences in elevation among the three species. A table with morphological diagnostic features of these three species is included, as well as a dichotomous key for the species of the Pteris cretica
group species occurring in Taiwan.
Pennellia yalaensis (Brassicaceae: Halimolobeae), a New Species from the Andes of Northern Argentina
Authors: Salariato Diego L. , Zuloaga Fernando O. , Al-Shehbaz Ihsan A.
Published: June 2019

Abstract—Pennellia yalaensis, a new species of Brassicaceae from Jujuy Province in Argentina, is described and illustrated, and its phylogenetic relationships with nearest relatives are discussed. This novelty is morphologically related to P. boliviensis
and P. brachycarpa, which also grow in the Central Andes of Argentina. However, P. yalaensis clearly differs from both species by the plant height, inflorescence type, and petal length. In addition, trichomes of the basal leaves distinguish the new species from P. boliviensis,
and fruit length and number of ovules/seed from P. brachycarpa. Phylogenetic analyses, based on DNA sequences of nuclear ITS and plastid trnL-F regions, confirmed these affinities.
The Integrated National Electrification Programme and political democracy
Authors: Tinto E M , Banda K G
Published: June 2019

Since the coming of democracy in South Africa, the last decade has been marked by extraordinary, yet positive changes in policy development. Democratic organisation, both as a system of government and as a value system commanding the support of ordinary people, is of key importance in these developments and the implications for South Africa are still being analysed. Noticeable are the fundamental changes in the energy sector where there has been a shift from energy self-reliance and energy security to a more sustainable policy approach driven by economic efficiency, social equity and environment protection. Institutes of Democracy like IDEA (2004) concur with this trend that a strong democratic system must support poverty reduction for meaningful democratic change and, in practice; this is clearly the trend being defined. It is now a sustainable development issue, and voter’s confidence that is fast becoming the defining principle and drives for rapid policy change and service delivery in the form of an Integrated National Electrification Programme (INEP) in the energy sector. Policy makers in energy policy acknowledge this phenomenon as defining what is now seen as a ‘post-apartheid energy paradigm shift’. In this paper, it is suggested that the National Electrification Programme (NEP) has performed beyond expectation in increasing access to electricity for the poor in the country. It is also argued that, there is now an electrification and political democracy nexus exhibited in social and political development of this country. In this line of thought, the argument given is that one of the reasons why people voted for the ruling party in 1999 and 2000 was the NEP. Furthermore this identified linkage provides policy recommendations that suggest that the government should deliver other basic services in a similar manner in order to gain people’s confidence. In South Africa, because of the country’s unique social, economic and political history, a trade-off between basic social service delivery and linkage with democracy then becomes very crucial. Keywords
Reassessment of the environmental impacts of sulphur oxide emissions from power stations
Authors: Lloyd Philip
Published: June 2019

It is a deeply entrenched belief that emissions of sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere are harmful to the environment, and that sulphur compounds should be removed from the gaseous wastes before discharge. The difficulties with this view are summarised. Extensive work in both North America and Europe has failed to demonstrate any of the early claims for impacts such as forest death. The claims for health effects seem unduly conservative and not supported by reliable data. There are even negative impacts from reducing sulphur emissions. Claims for high external costs associated with coal-fired power generation in South Africa are the result of arithmetic errors. The installation of flue-gas desulphurisation on the latest Eskom power station, Kusile, is shown to be completely unsustainable in the light of the minimal benefits that the considerable costs will bring.
Evaluation of the regression parameters of the Angstrom-Page model for predicting global solar radiation
Authors: Agbo Solomon
Published: June 2019

A simple and empirical model for the estimation of average monthly global solar radiation for a Nigerian location is presented. Regression coefficients satisfying the Angstrom-page model have been obtained using clearness index (KT) and the relative sunshine data for the location. The test of validity of the model was done by evaluating the following statistical parameters: the mean bias error (MBE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean percentage error (MPE) and the correlation coefficient (CC). The results obtained from the statistical tests show that the new model is reliable for high precision estimation of global solar radiation. A comparison between the new model and other models is presented.
Photovoltaic electricity production in a residential house on Réunion
Authors: Bojic Milorad , Parvedy Alexandre Patou , Miranville Frédéric Miranville , Bigot Dimitri , Cvetković Dragan , Djordjević Slobodan , Nikolić Danijela
Published: June 2019

In this paper, the electrical energy generation of photovoltaic (PV) arrays is discussed for three cities on the island of Réunion (the Republic of France) located in the Indian Ocean. Each PV array has a different orientation as it is placed at different parts of the roof of a residential house that supposedly is a sustainable building. The electrical energy generation is obtained by using EnergyPlus software and measured solar radiation data. The highest generation of electric energy is found for the PV array located at the north roof surface. The generation of electric energy at the east-facing PV array is larger than that at the west-facing PV array. The electrical energy generation for the city of Le Port on the coast is higher than that for the cities of Cilao, and Plaine des Cafres that are located in the mountains of Réunion.
SADC’s response to climate change – the role of harmonised law and policy on mitigation in the energy sector
Authors: Barnard M.
Published: June 2019

The negligible levels of energy-related GHG emissions attributable to the Southern African sub-region translates into the sub-region contributing relatively little towards global climate change. Notwithstanding, the member states comprising the Southern African Development Community (SADC) are among the most vulnerable to the trans boundary effects of global climate change. Existing SADC climate change policy documents highlight the important role of the energy sector in climate change mitigation. Furthermore, various international, African Union and SADC legal instruments stress the crucial role of harmonised law and policy as climate change adaptive measure. It is the central hypothesis of this paper that harmonised sub-regional law and policy aimed at regulating SADC member states’ mitigation efforts in the energy sector is a crucial climate change adaptive strategy. This hypothesis is based on the mandates for the formulation of a SADC climate change action plan and for mitigation in the energy sector. These mandates are contained in the texts of the SADC-CNGO Climate Change Agenda, 2012 and the Southern Africa Sub - Regional Framework on Climate Change, 2010 respectively. It is the main aim of this paper to investigate recent developments in the formulation of harmonised SADC law and policy on climate change in general and law and policy pertaining to mitigation in the energy sector specifically. In achieving the stated aim, themes to be investigated by means of a literature study are those of energy-related greenhouse gas emissions and global climate change and harmonised sub-regional policy on mitigation in the energy sector as adaptive measure in the SADC.
Solar water heater contribution to energy savings in higher education institutions: Impact analysis
Authors: Popoola Olawale M. , Burnier Clément B
Published: June 2019

This paper focuses on the impact of Solar Water Heaters (SWH) at a higher institution of learning. An energy audit was conducted for the evaluation of the energy conservation measure: energy conoduction Energy is a key element in the development of any country or institution; as a result any shortage in energy will have a serious effect on the economy and social aspect of such country or institution. South Africa has, in recent years, experienced high economic growth as well as a rapid expansion in the elsumption analysis, correlation of consumption with weather; financial criteria, payback period and needed solar heater system (SWH) to determine the energy that may be termed as wastage or can be saved. The method of investigation includes assessment of the hot water usage within the institution campus and residencies, analysis of bills, metering and development of a software model for the analysis of energy use, system needed and environmental variables. This renewable measure (SWH) showed a high potential of energy and financial savings for higher education institutions especially those with residences.
Investigation of fuel properties and engine analysis of Jatropha biodiesel of Kenyan origin
Authors: Maina Paul
Published: June 2019

Biodiesel was produced from jatropha curcas oil of Kenyan origin through a two-step acid-base catalytic transesterification process. The relevant physicochemical properties of the produced biodiesel were tested according to appropriate standards and were found to be within the requirements. Engine tests were carried out in an Audi, 1.9 litre, turbocharged direct injection, compression ignition engine at different loads. Emissions were measured by a Horiba emission analyser system while combustion data was collected by a data acquisition system, from which, cylinder pressure and rate of heat release of the test engine in every crank angle were calculated. Though the biodiesel had slightly higher brake specific fuel consumption when compared to fossil diesel, its emission behaviour was significantly better. The combustion characteristics were also slightly higher as compared to fossil diesel. This study therefore concluded that biodiesel derived from jatropha curcas of Kenyan origin can be utilized as a safe substitute for mineral diesel.
Energy models: Methods and characteristics
Authors: Neshat Najmeh , Amin-Naseri Mohammad Reza , Danesh Farzaneh
Published: June 2019

Given the importance of models in complicated problem solving, an inappropriate energy model can lead to inaccurate decisions and poor policy prescriptions. This paper aims at developing a decision support tool with which the selection of appropriate model characteristics can be facilitated for developing countries. Hence, it provides a comparative overview of different ways of energy models characterization and extracts the underlying relationships amongst them. Moreover, evolution of dynamic characteristics of energy models for developing countries is identified according to the previous studies on the developed and developing countries. To do this, it reviews the related literature and follows a systematic comparative approach to achieve its purposes. These findings are helpful in cases where model developers themselves are looking for appropriate characteristics in terms of certain purpose or situation.
An overview of refrigeration and its impact on the development in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Ituna-Yudonago Jean Fulbert , Belman-Flores J. M. , Pérez-García V.
Published: June 2019

The development of refrigeration is a priority in all countries, given the multidimensional roles that it plays in the sustainable development of society. In developing countries, efforts are being made to catch up with the delayed experienced in the use of refrigeration. To achieve this goal, several countries are allowed to trace the history of refrigeration in their countries in order to understand the main causes of non-expansion, and then set up a new strategy of sustainable development for this technology. The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is a developing country that has experienced a very interesting history of refrigeration, but is still less known by the Congolese themselves as well as by scientists. This paper has traced out the outline in the history of refrigeration in the DRC. Surveys were conducted in the industrial, health, residential, commercial, and tourism sectors during the colonial and post-colonial period. Results showed that the use of refrigeration in the DRC has been remarkably observed in the industrial sector, especially in breweries, with a cooling capacity ranging from 50.1 thousand to 2.88 million kWh, about 5 659 % between 1929 and 1957; from 3 million to 26.5 million kWh, about 783.3 % between 1958 and 1980, and then dropped to 6.5 million kWh in 2004 before resuming its growth up to 11 million kWh in 2009. The variations in the use of refrigeration during the above periods significantly influenced the economy, in the sense that the economic and social indicators of the country grew from 0.415 to 0.430 between 1975 and 1985, and then declined to 0.375 in 2000, due to political instability, before rising up to 0.410 in 2005.
KAR PAYI DAĞITIM DUYURULARININ HİSSE SENEDİ PİYASA FİYATINA ETKİSİ: BİST 100’DE AMPİRİK BİR ÇALIŞMA
Authors: YILMAZ KÜÇÜK Şeyma , ZOR İsrafil
Published: June 2019

Bu
çalışmanın amacı, kar payı dağıtımı duyurularının hisse senetlerinin piyasa
fiyatları üzerindeki etkisini incelemektedir. BIST 100 Endeksinde işlem gören
şirketlere ait 2014-2016 yılları arasındaki 279 bildirim çalışmanın veri setini
oluşturmuştur. Çalışmada yöntem olarak olay analizi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma
sonuçları, olay çalışması için gerekli olan beklenen getirilerin tespitinde
kullanılan piyasa modeli ve sermaye varlıklarını fiyatlandırma modeline göre
farklılıklar göstermekle birlikte, dağıtılabilir kar bulunmadığı için kar payı
dağıtmayacağını duyuran şirketler ve dağıtılabilir kar bulunduğu halde kar payı
dağıtmayacağını duyuran şirketler tarafından yapılan duyuruların hisse senedi
fiyatları üzerinde negatif bir anormal getiriye neden olduğunu göstermektedir.
Nakit kar payı dağıtacağına ilişkin duyuru yapan şirketlerde de benzer bir
negatif etki bulunmakla birlikte, bu şirketler için ortaya çıkan negatif
anormal getirinin daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
LİDER İLETİŞİM TARZLARININ ÖRGÜTSEL MUHALEFETE ETKİSİNDE ÖRGÜTSEL ERDEMLİLİĞİN DÜZENLEYİCİ ROLÜ: OTEL İŞLETMELERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ÇALIŞMA
Authors: DOĞANAY Ali , ÇÖP Serdar
Published: June 2019

Her liderin
farklı bir liderlik davranışı ve bunu gösterdiği bir iletişim tarzı
bulunmaktadır. Çalışanların liderleriyle olan ilişkilerinde liderlerin iletişim
tarzlarının çalışanların davranışlarını değiştirdiği, örgütsel muhalefet
konusunun da temelde bir iletişim faaliyeti olarak çalışanların farklı görüş,
fikir ve önerilerini dile getirmeleriyle işletmeye katkısı olduğu
düşünülmektedir. Örgütsel erdemlilik kavramı da çalışanların iyilik, hoşgörü,
sosyal gelişim, ahlaki iyilik, dürüstlük gibi özellikleriyle ifade
edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada lider iletişim tarzlarının örgütsel muhalefete
etkisinde örgütsel erdemliliğin düzenleyici rolü incelenmiştir. 4 ve 5 yıldızlı
851 otel çalışanın üzerinde yapılan araştırmanın birinci modeline ilişkin
sonuçlarının analizinde örgütsel
erdemlilik algısının hem aktif iletişim tarzının açık muhalefet üzerindeki
etkisinde hem de gizli muhalefet üzerindeki etkisinde düzenleyici rolü olduğu
görülmüştür. Araştırmanın ikinci modeline ilişkin sonuçlarda ise örgütsel
erdemlilik algısının hem pasif iletişim tarzının açık muhalefet üzerindeki
etkisinde düzenleyici rolü, hem de pasif iletişim tarzının gizli muhalefet
üzerindeki etkisinde düzenleyici rolü olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Wushu: de arte marcial oriental a deporte occidental
Authors: Tenelanda Osorio Laura Isabel
Published: June 2019

En un principio el Wushu era considerado parte importante de la cultura y la filosofía china y aunque lo sigue siendo para muchos, ahora es más un deporte, con sus reglas e incluso federación mundial. En el artículo se describe brevemente su historia, lo que significaba para los chinos y lo que es ahora para el mundo. En este artículo se expone la opinión del autor acerca del cambio que ha tenido con respecto a sus inicios y porqué no debería ser así.
La educación como motor del desarrollo de Corea del Sur. Enseñanzas para Colombia
Authors: Bedoya Giraldo Jersson , Casas Bonilla Álvaro José
Published: June 2019

Una de las mayores preocupaciones en Colombia, a nivel social es la deficiente calidad de su modelo educativo y las altas tasas de deserción escolar, lo cual le ha llevado a ocupar uno de los puestos más bajos a nivel mundial en lo concerniente a la educación. Por lo tanto, si Colombia quiere apostarle a una mayor competitividad académica, deberá tomar como ejemplo las enseñanzas de los líderes mundiales en el tema. En este artículo se analiza el caso de Corea del Sur como mejor país en rendimiento académico a nivel mundial, y las posibles aplicaciones de su sistema en Colombia.
La interminable lucha por la protección de los derechos humanos en Myanmar
Authors: Pereira García Valentina
Published: June 2019

Este documento presenta un análisis de una de las crisis que ocurre en Myanmar debido a la constante violación del derecho internacional y de los derechos humanos. Este escrito se hace desde el punto de vista del derecho internacional y de los organismos internacionales que han analizado el conflicto, estudiando los orígenes del conflicto desde la historia, su panorama actual y las posiciones que han tomado la comunidad internacional y el Estado Birmano.
Formación docente en el uso de tecnologías como herramienta en el mejoramiento educativo.
Authors: Lizcano Ordóñez Angie Melissa , Ayala Martínez Laura Camila
Published: June 2019

Este documento pretende analizar el rol que el profesor desempeña al momento de implementar Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación en el aula de clase y la importancia que juega su capacitación en el aprovechamiento de estas. Mediante el análisis de publicaciones y estudios realizados en el ámbito pedagógico y tecnológico de Corea del Sur y Colombia, se pudo llegar a la conclusión de que ambos países tienen políticas que promueven las TIC en el sistema educativo, pero Corea del Sur demostró un mayor grado de preparación y organización, además de fomentar la formación del docente para su aprovechamiento.
Mobile Robot Navigation Using Reinforcement Learning in Unknown Environments
Authors: KHAN Muhammad Umer
Published: June 2019

In mobile robotics, navigation is considered as
one of the most primary tasks, which becomes more challenging during local
navigation when the environment is unknown. Therefore, the robot has to explore
utilizing the sensory information. Reinforcement learning (RL), a
biologically-inspired learning paradigm, has caught the attention of many as it
has the capability to learn autonomously in an unknown environment. However,
the randomized behavior of exploration, common in RL, increases computation
time and cost, hence making it less appealing for real-world scenarios. This
paper proposes an informed-biased softmax regression (iBSR) learning process
that introduce a heuristic-based cost function to ensure faster convergence.
Here, the action-selection is not considered as a random process, rather, is
based on the maximum probability function calculated using softmax regression.
Through experimental simulation scenario for navigation, the strength of the
proposed approach is tested and, for comparison and analysis purposes, the iBSR
learning process is evaluated against two benchmark algorithms.
Singaporean Societies: Multimedia Communities of Student Migration
Authors: Litman Raviv
Published: June 2019

As young Singaporeans are evaluating their obligations towards their parents at home, the state of Singapore is implementing policies to entrench long-term connection between overseas Singaporean students and their families by using nancial support to guide over- seas Singaporean student societies. These methods reach far beyond Singapore’s borders and involve a combination of online and of ine communities of practice that bring young overseas Singaporeans closer together by setting social boundaries across multiple media. Young Singaporeans learn about studying overseas through online communities, and Sin- gaporean societies seek to control that form of communication. In this paper, the author describes the worldwide state-funded and student-run Singaporean societies and how they seek to govern overseas students’ relationships with family at home using methods such as social media, nances, and parties. Drawing from ethnographic and online methods of inquiry over three months in 2015, this article explores how students experienced Singa- porean societies as a tool to access social and nancial resources, which set boundaries for them when reevaluating their responsibilities at home while they live abroad. The author looks at the critical language that is present in an online community of young Singaporeans and shows how Singaporean societies limit opportunities for criticism.