bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microbiological quality assessment and acceptance of dairy products in Dhaka city
Authors: Hossain Md Nur , Humayun Sanjida , Haque Md Zahurul , Ahmed Monzur Morshed
Published: September 2021

This investigation was carried out to evaluate the microbiological quality of the processed dairy products including borhani, matha/labang, sweet & sour yoghurt. Dairy products are consumed as desert and popular enough among the people. 50 of the different dairy samples were collected from street vendor and also from some branded shop in Dhaka city. The microbiological quality of the samples were analyzed and monitored according to criteria in European Commission Recommendations 2004/24/EC and 2005/175/EC, BSTI and USPHS. All the dairy products had high microbial load ranged 5.90×105cfu/ml to 8.97×109 cfu/ml. Coliforms were found up to 109 dilutions in milk based drink products Borhani and Labang considered a serious threat to the public health. The mold contamination was much lower in Borhani and Labang compared to yoghurt 7.86×108cfu/ml. Approximately 17% dairy products were contaminated by Salmonella spp. Majority of the dairy products (25.537%,) such as Yogurt, Borhani and Labang were contaminated by Staphylococcus spp. The presence of Listeria monocytogenes found in Yogurt, 7 out of 21 (21.515%) samples were contaminated. A minor number of milk based products were corrupted by Shigella spp. These results emphasize applying and maintaining good hygiene practices throughout the processing chain to prevent contamination and bacterial growth. It was concluded that the presence of some pathogens in milk based products with toxigenicity of some strains pose a health hazard to consumers. Thus, good hygienic practices, good manufacturing practices, HACCP with all other hygienic practices should be applied during processing and distribution for public health safety.

Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2017, 1 (1), 58-64
Effects of gamma irradiation on shelf life and quality of Black Bengal goat meat
Authors: Ruman Khan Saddam Hossain , Salahuddin Md , Habib Md Rezwanul , Billah Md Mostain , Haris Miah Md Abu , Akhter Shajeda , Hashem Md Abul
Published: September 2021

This study was undertaken to assess the effects of gamma irradiation (0, 1.5, 2, 4 kGy) on shelf life and meat quality of Black Bengal goat. About 3 kg of fresh Black Bengal goat meat samples were taken and divided into four groups like T1 (non-irradiated, control), T2 (irradiated, 1.5 KGy), T3 (irradiated, 2.0 KGy) and T4 (irradiated, 4.0 KGy). Irradiated and non-irradiated meat samples were stored at refrigeration temperature to elucidate the storage effect. One way ANOVA was performed to investigate the effects of gamma irradiation on different groups. Significant differences were found in color and overall acceptability compared to non-irradiated group and only overall acceptability significantly decreased with increasing storage. No significant differences were observed in flavor, tenderness and juiciness between non-irradiated and irradiated groups. Irradiation influenced color and overall acceptability of chevon. Dry matter content was found higher in 4 KGy irradiated group and increased gradually in day intervals. Cooking loss, free fatty acid, peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances indicated 1.5 KGy irradiation rated best. Microbial findings revealed that 2 KGy irradiated group is better due to safe level of microbial loads which increase shelf life of Black Bengal goat meat. Finally, it may be concluded that 1.5 and 2 KGy doses gamma irradiation in Bengal goat meat enhances sensory attributes, physico-chemical and microbial levels found satisfactory.

Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2017, 1 (1), 65-73
Evaluation of commonly used fertilizers, fish and poultry feeds as potential sources of heavy metals contamination in food
Authors: Sarker Md Sanaullah , Quadir Quazi Forhad , Hossen Md Zakir , Nazneen Touhida , Rahman Atiqur
Published: September 2021

An experiment was conducted at the Department of Agricultural Chemistry, BAU to assess the heavy metal status in different feed and fertilizer samples collected from Sadar and Trisal upazilas of Mymensingh district. The feed samples included poultry and fish feeds, whereas, fertilizer samples included DAP, TSP, MOP, gypsum and zinc sulphate (ZnSO4). AAS analysis of Cd, Cr and Pb showed variable levels of contamination in the fertilizer and feed samples. In case of feed samples, Cd, and Pb contents in fish feed collected from Sadar upazila was 0.159 and 3.581 mg kg-1, respectively and that of Trisal upazila was 0.441 and 153.824 mg kg-1, respectively. The content of Cd was 0.008 mg kg-1 in poultry feed but in fish feed it was 0.441 mg kg-1. The Cr content in both poultry and fish feeds collected from Sadar and Trisal upazilas were below the detection level. In general, heavy metals contaminations were higher in different fish feed samples compared to that of poultry feed samples, especially in samples from Trisal upazila.The Cd contents in DAP, TSP, MoP, gypsum and ZnSO4 collected from Sadar upazila were 1.560, 14.749, 0.137, 0.906 and 10.312 mg kg-1, respectively, and that of Trisal upazila were 1.780, 15.662, 3.988, 1.180 and 3.165 mg kg-1, respectively. The Cr contents in DAP, TSP, MoP, gypsum and ZnSO4 collected from Sadar upazila were 60.392, 206.667, 15.882, 24.314 and 11.373 mg kg-1, respectively. Whereas, mean Cr concentrations DAP, TSP, MoP and gypsum from Trisal upazila were 54.118, 168.431, 16.078 and 26.863 mgkg-1, respectively. However, in ZnSO4Cr was below the detection limit. Again, Pb contents in DAP, TSP, MoP, Gypsum and ZnSO4 collected from Sadar upazila were 12.633, 45.729, 33.586, 13.319 and 30.014 mg kg-1, respectively, and that of Trisal upazila were 4.062, 46.919, 101.205, 21.681 and 6.676 mg kg-1, respectively. In general, heavy metal contamination levels in different fertilizer samples collected from Mymensingh Sadar were higher compared to that of Trisal upazila. The results showed that despite the close proximity of the market locations, heavy metal contents may vary in fertilizer and feed samples indicating various supply chains of these essential inputs are in place and calls for greater degree of quality monitoring from the government point of view.

Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2017, 1 (1), 74-81
Detection of heavy metals in poultry feed, meat and eggs
Authors: Rashid MA , Sarker MSK , Khatun H , Sarker NR , Ali Md Yousuf , Islam MN
Published: September 2021

The poultry feed, meat and egg samples were collected from the major poultry raising areas of the country to know the presence of heavy metals especially arsenic (As), lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr). A total of 360 elemental samples for As, Pb and Cr were analyzed in the laboratory. The heavy metal contents (As, Pb & Cr) of all the tested samples were found positive. But, the levels were below the Maximum Permitted Concentration (MPC) in most cases. The layer and broiler ready feed samples found safe from those elements; On the other hand, the “Cr” and “Pb” content in 14% and 11% loose feed samples were 7-70 and 3 times respectively higher than that of MPC. Notes worthy, the egg samples were also found safe from those elements. Of the tested samples 14% broiler meat and 50% spent hen samples found slightly higher level of “As” and 4-6 times “Cr” respectively than the MPC. In conclusion, the poultry farmers are suggested to buy poultry feeds from the reputed feed company and discourage to use loose feeds. Moreover, feed marketing channel particularly loose feed marketing should be monitored properly by the regulatory authority.

Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2018, 2(1), 1-5
Isolation and characterization of antibiotic resistant bacteria from pre and post-microwave oven treated burger sold in Mymensingh
Authors: Haider Mohammad Arif , Ievy Samina , Sobur Md Abdus , Mahmud Md Muket , Hossain Muhammad Tofazzal , Rahman AM Md Taufiqur , Nazir KHM Nazmul Hussain , Rahman Md Tanvir
Published: September 2021

Burger is one of the common popular fast food. The present study was carried out to isolate and characterize bacteria from burger sold in Mymensingh that could be potential threat to human health. A total of 20 burger samples (10 belonged to pre-microwave oven treated group and 10 belonged to post-microwave treated group) were collected randomly from different bakeries and fast food shops that sell burgers in Mymensingh. Isolation and identification of bacteria were carried out based on morphology, staining, cultural and biochemical tests. All the samples were found contaminated with bacteria. Total viable count (TVC), total staphylococcal count (TSC) and total coliform count (TCC) of pre-microwave oven burger samples were 7.22±0.20 log CFU/g, 6.93±0.30 log CFU/g and 3.28±0.64 log CFU/g, respectively. Similarly in post-microwave oven treated burger the TVC, TSC and TCC were 3.09±0.42 log CFU/g, 2.84±0.56 log CFU/g and 1.60±0.42 log CFU/g, respectively. Microwave heat treatment for 60 seconds markedly reduced the TVC, TSC, TCC in the burger compared to pre microwave treated group. Many of the both the pre and post-microwave oven treated burgers were found positive for Staphylococcus spp. and E. coli. The isolates of Staphylococcus were found coagulase negative and resistant to Tetracycline while sensitive to Azithromycin, Gentamycin, Kanamycin and Streptomycin. On the other hand, the isolates of E. coli were found resistant to Azithromycin and Streptomycin while sensitive to Gentamycin, Kanamycin and Tetracycline. Data of this study suggested that burgers sold in the fast-food restaurant were contaminated with antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus and E. coli that might be considered as human health hazard.

Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2018, 2(1), 6-11
Bacteriological quality assessment of buffalo meat collected from different districts of Bangladesh with particular emphasis on the molecular detection and antimicrobial resistance of the isolated Salmonella species
Authors: Hasan Mahedi , Kabir SM Lutful , Rahman Md Tanvir , Sarker Yousuf Ali
Published: September 2021

The research project was conducted to assess the bacteriological quality of buffalo meat samples collected from three upazilas namely Haluaghat, Sreepur and Madhupur of Bangladesh under the districts of Mymensingh, Gazipur and Tangail respectively with particular emphasis on the molecular detection and antimicrobial resistance of the isolate Salmonella species. Total viable count (TVC), total staphylococcal count (TStaC) and total salmonella count (TSC) of meat samples were determined and the mean values of TVC, TStaC and TSC for the Haluaghat, Sreepur and Madhupur were log 8.30, log 7.94, log 8.15; log6.21, log 6.40, log 5.43 and log 4.76, log 4.82, log 4.56 CFU/gm respectively which exceeded the ICMSF recommendations values. The variation of TVC and TSC in meats of different buffalo markets was significant at 5% level where the variation of TStaC was significant at 1% level. Nevertheless no significant variation was demonstrated between the interactions of the three upazilas. Among the samples, 46.67% (n=14) were found to be associated with Salmonella spp. The Salmonella spp. were identified by observing black centered colonies on XLD agar, positive to MR test and negative to VP and Indole test. All isolates of Salmonella spp. were positive to 16s rRNA gene based PCR (574bp). All isolates of Salmonella species were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, streptomycin and gentamicin. All isolates of Salmonella spp. (n=14; 100%) were resistant to amoxicillin and few isolates also resistant to erythromycin, tetracycline, azithromycin and cephradine. The findings of this study revealed the presence of multidrug resistant Salmonella spp. in buffalo meat of Mymensingh, Gazipur and Tangail districts of Bangladesh that posseses a serious threat to public health.

Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2018, 2(1), 12-20
Qualitative analysis of insecticide residue in cauliflower samples collected from different regions of Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Md Sultan , Ali Sardar Md Mohsin , Ahmad Masum , Kabir Kamal Humayun
Published: September 2021

The samples of the cauliflowers were analyzed to assess the residue level of six insecticides (i.e.; cypermethrin, quinalphos, diazinon, malathion, fenitrothion and acephate) using GC-FTD and GC-ECD method. Out of analyzed 75 collected samples of cauliflower from farmer’s field of Jessore, Gazipur and Rangpur, 38.67% (29 from 75) were found to be contaminated with the insecticides. Many samples contained cypermethrin, acephate and fenitrothion residues. Quinalphos, acephate and fenitrothion were found as multiple product residues representing 13.79% (4 from 29) of the total contaminated samples and the rest 86.21% contained single insecticide residue. About 13.33% (10 of 75) of the total samples had residues exceeding the MRL (Maximum Residue Limit) irrespective of single or multiple insecticide residues. Malathion residue was found only in one sample from Jessore. Two samples showed diazinon residue one from Jessore and the other one from Rangpur location. The detected residue levels of both malathion and diazinon were below the MRL, which might be due to higher rate of degradation. The presence of highest residue levels of insecticides in cauliflowers may be due to its irrational and repeated use before harvest.

Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2018, 2(1), 29-34
Bacteriological assessment of tap water collected from different markets of Mymensingh, Gazipur and Sherpur districts of Bangladesh with special focus on the molecular detection and antimicrobial resistance of the isolated Escherichia coli
Authors: Hassan Md Shihab , Kabir SM Lutful , Sarker Yousuf Ali , Rahman Md Tanvir
Published: September 2021

The objectives of this study were to assess the bacteriological quality of tap water samples obtained from different markets of different upazillas of Mymensingh, Sherpur & Gazipur district. For achieving the above mentioned objectives, methods of heterotrophic plate count (HPC) and total coliform count (TCC) were applied. Moreover, isolated E. coli from tap water samples were characterized by using biochemical test, molecular method and antimicrobial susceptibility tests. HPC was highest in market tap water collected from Kaligonj and TCC was highest in market tap water of collected from Mymensingh sadar. The geometric mean of HPC of Mymensingh, Gazipur and Sherpur districts water was 8.4x105, 2.5 x106 and 6.8 x105 C.F.U/100 ml. All isolates of E. coli (n=20) were amplified by using 16S rRNA gene based PCR. In respect to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, most of the E. coli isolates were susceptible to norfloxacin, ampicilin, tetracycline, streptomycin and ciprofloxacin. Furthermore, a few E. coli isolates were intermediate resistant to gentamycin and ciprofloxacin. However, a few of the E. coli isolates were resistant to erythromycin and amoxycilin. Moreover, out of 20 E. coli isolates 3 (15%) isolates were detected as multidrug resistant. This study indicated the presence of multidrug resistant E. coli isolates in tap water in Mymensingh, Sherpur and Gazipur districts that warrants particular attention.

Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2018, 2(1), 21-28
Effect of egg level on buffalo milk pudding
Authors: Rahman A , Sarker MNH , Sultana N , Sultana S
Published: September 2021

The experiment was conducted to determine the optimum level of egg in the manufacture of buffalo milk pudding. Three types of pudding were prepared using different levels of eggs (40%, 30% and 20% by weight) and a constant level of corn flour (4%) at Dairy Technology and Microbiology Laboratory of the Department of Dairy Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Quality of pudding was evaluated by physical, chemical and microbial test. From the result of physical study (smell and taste, body and consistency, color and appearance) it was found that pudding of 40% egg obtained the best score (97.50±3.77) followed by 30% (83.96±2.52) and 20% egg containing pudding (74.93±1.01). The differences within the overall score with different level of egg had significant effect. Chemical analysis showed the significant differences (p<0.01) within the total solids (TS) (340.61±1.72, 334.18±2.10 and 327.48±2.61), moisture (659.39±1.72, 665.82±2.10 and 672.52±2.61), fat (79.37±1.90, 76.43±2.76 and 73.47±3.62), protein (60.43±0.90, 53.82±0.57 and 47.07±0.25), carbohydrate (194.02±1.07, 197.33±1.17 and 200.57±1.21) and pH (6.90±0.00, 6.93±0.21 and 6.87±0.22) but no significant differences was found in ash (6.78±0.14, 6.58±0.13 and 6.38±0.01) and acidity percentage (0.071±0.00, 0.071±0.00 and 0.071±0.00%). Microbial analysis showed that there were significant differences (p<0.01) in total bacterial count (43.00±2.65×104, 38.33±1.53×104 and 35.00±3.00×104) in the pudding containing different levels of eggs. The experiment concluded that the egg level has a significant effect on the buffalo milk. The better result for buffalo pudding is at 40% egg level by weight with 4% constant corn flour.

Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2018, 2(1), 35-39
Prevalence of Salmonella in dressed and cooked broiler meat of different grocery shops, hotels and restaurants in Gazipur and Dhaka city of Bangladesh
Authors: Haque AKM Ziaul , Kabir SM Lutful , Siddiqua Ayesha , Hussain AZM Iftikhar
Published: September 2021

The study was conducted to find out the prevalence of Salmonella in dressed and cooked broiler meat in different shops and restaurants in Gazipur and Dhaka city including the sanitary quality. A total of 80 samples of dressed boiler, 88 cooked samples from road side fast food shops and small hotels, and 104 cooked samples from recognized fast food shops and restaurants were subjected to bacteriological isolation and identification. Highest number of Salmonella spp. were 42.5% in road side shops and 16.25% found in super market for dressed meat. Thigh muscle was more prevalent to breast muscle in both market types for dressed muscle. A total of 31 thigh muscles were positive for road side shop and 23 for super market where 26 and 19 breast muscle were positive for road side shop and super market respectively. Among the cooked meat or fried chicken incidence of Salmonella spp. were 23.86% in road side shops and 11.54% found in recognized shops. In case of both market source thigh muscle was highly prevalent in comparison to breast muscle. For cooked meat, a total of 19 thigh muscles were positive for road side fast food shops and small hotels, and 12 for recognized fast food shops and restaurants where 15 and 8 breast muscle were positive for road side fast food shops and recognized fast food shops respectively. Our results highlighted the need of implementing strict hygiene and sanitation standards to reduce the incidence of Salmonella. The prevalence of Salmonella in poultry products can be reduced effectively by identifying and eliminating the sources and contamination sites during slaughter and processing of poultry.

Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2018, 2(2), 40-44
A comparative profitability of pineapple-mono crop and pineapple intercrops of Modhupur area in Tangail district of Bangladesh
Authors: Sultan Tipu , Islam Syful , Islam Md Shofiqul , Kaysar Md Imrul
Published: September 2021

A survey study was conducted to estimate the cost, returns, relative profitability and practices of Pineapple mono-crop and Pineapple inter-crops production in Madhupur area of Tangail District. Data was collected personally through prepared interview schedule from 60 randomly selected Pineapple growers from Ausnara, Oronkhola, Sonia and Motel bazar union under Madhupur Upazila of Tangail District during July to October 2013. A simple random sampling was followed to select the farmers in the study area. Both tabular and statistical analyses were applied in this study. Cost and return analysis showed that total cost incurred for producing Pineapple mono crop, Pineapple+Papaya and Pineapple+Banana+Aroid were Tk.312849.72, Tk.395894.01 and Tk.377013.25 per hectare respectively. Per hectare net return for Pineapple + Papaya and Pineapple + Banana + Aroid production were Tk.492111.00 and Tk.195704.75 which were higher than that of Pineapple mono crop (Tk.157675.28). On the other hand BCR for Pineapple + Papaya and Pineapple + Banana + Aroid production were 2.24 and 1.52 which were higher than that of Pineapple mono crop (1.50). It represents that both pineapple mono-crop and pineapple inter-crops production are profitable among them Pineapple-inter crops cropping pattern is more profitable then Pineapple-mono crop. About 80% of pineapple growers grow papaya, banana, zinger, turmeric and aroids as intercrops with pineapple. The study identified some crucial problems and probable solutions suggested by the farmer. Finally, some policy recommendations were suggested and avenues for further research were shown.

Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2018, 2(2), 56-64
Isolation and identification of bacteria in different street vended foods collected from selected areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Paul Torun Kumar , Roy Snigdha Rani , Sarkar Pankaz Roy , Tarafder Moniruzzaman , Saha Tapu Kumar
Published: September 2021

Street food vending has become an important public health issue and a great concern to everybody. This is due to widespread food borne diseases, due to the mushrooming of wayside food vendors who lack an adequate understanding of the basic food safety issues. Major sources contributing to microbial contamination are the place of preparation, utensils for cooking and serving, raw materials, time and temperature abuse of cooked foods and the personal hygiene of vendors. The objective of the study was to explore the microbiological quality of different street food; Chotpoti, Chanachur, Amra (Spondias mombin) and Jolpai (Elaeocarpus serratus (Veralu / Ceylon Olive) sold by various street vendor at Khulna city, Bangladesh. A total of 20 samples were collected randomly from street vendors and tested for the presence of bacteria following standard microbiological method used for isolation, enumaration and identification of bacreria. All the examined samples were contaminated by various types of bacteria. The total viable count (TVC) in different street food samples was ranged from 9.6 x 10 CFU/g to 5.9x10 CFU/g. Among samples Escherichia coli 8(40%), Staphylococcus spp. 5(25%), Klebsiella spp. 4(20%), Salmonella spp. 1(5%) and Shigella spp. 2 (10%) were isolated. Escherichia coli were found highest 3(50%) Jolpai samples, then another organisms Staphylococcus spp. was found highest 2(50%) in Chotpoti and then Klebsiella spp. was found one in each sample. Therefore, application of sound risk analysis policies is being advocated to provide a scientific base to the host of risk management option which Bangladesh may need to explore to ensure public health and safety.

Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2018, 2(2), 65-70
Implementation of code of practices (CoP) in selected poultry farms of Bangladesh
Authors: Akhter AHM Taslima , Islam SK Shaheenur , Sufian Md Abu , Hossain Monowar , Rahman Shah Md Mahfuzur , Kabir SM Lutful , Uddin Md Gias , Hossin Shah Monir , Hossain Md Mehedi
Published: September 2021

The overuse of antibiotics, chemicals and as well as lack of farm biosecurity and good hygiene practices in poultry production are considered to be contributors for occurring foodborne illness and many significant public health threats reported in both developed and developing countries nowadays. Considering the above, a piloted food safety activity was implemented jointly by the Department of Livestock Services and FAO-Food Safety program, Bangladesh in twenty-five selected poultry (broiler) dense subdistricts of the country. Good Agriculture Practices (GAP) and Good Hygiene Practices (GHP) related five (microbial) plus five (chemical) Code of Practices (CoP) were adopted at the farm level (N=500) through farmers’ motivation and intensive participatory training program. It was found that average production cost reduces, the feed conversion ratio decreases and mortality rate decreases that convince increase farm profitability in the best-practiced farms (n=81). In conclusion, Good Agriculture Practices (GAP) and Good Hygiene Practices (GHP) through certifying key control measures can increase profitability in broiler farming and CoP adapted farms found to be less public health hazardous than non-CoP farms in light of food safety and public health grounds.

Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2018, 2(2), 45-55
Physicochemical properties and plankton abundance in sanctuary and non sanctuary areas in the river Meghna, Bangladesh
Authors: Flura - , Rahman Md Anisur , Hasan Pramanik Md Mehedi , Hasan Md Monjurul , Mahmud Yahia
Published: September 2021

The study was conducted in the selected sampling spots of sanctuary and non-sanctuary areas viz, Chor bhoirobi, Kaligonj, Ramgoti, Sureswar, Gajaria and upper area of Tarabunia to assess the impact of sanctuary on the abundance and biodiversity of fishes in the river Meghna from September 2015 to December 2015. Seven physicochemical parameters viz water temperature, air temperature, dissolve oxygen (DO), free carbon dioxide (Free CO2), pH, total alkalinity and total hardness, plankton community both phytoplankton and Zooplankton and CPUE with species composition of the river Meghna were studied. In the sanctuary area, Air temperature was found lowest 22.0°C ±1.1 in Ramgoti and highest 33.5°C±0.5 in Chor bhoirobi area of the river Meghna. Water temperature was found ranged from 20.8°C ±0.5 to 32.5°C ±0.2 in Kaligonj. Concentration of dissolve oxygen was found lowest 4.9± 0.1 mg/l in Ramgoti and highest in Chor bhoirobi 6.0±0.2 mg/l. Free carbon di oxide was found highest in Ramgoti 19±0.8 mg/l and lowest in Chor bhoirobi 13.4±0.4 mg/l. PH was found ranged from 7.2±0.6 in Kaligonj to 7.9±0.2 in Chor bhoirobi. Total alkalinity was found highest in Ramgoti 85±11.2 mg/l and lowest in Chor bhoirobi 72.7±4.7 mg/l. Total hardness was found highest in Ramgoti 150.0±45.1 mg/l and lowest in Kaligonj 52.0±12.7 mg/l. In the non sanctuary area, Air temperature was found ranged from 21.10°C ±1.0 to 33.2°C±0.8 in Gajaria and area of the river Meghna. Water temperature was found lowest 17.8°C ±1.3 in Gajaria and highest 31.2°C ±0.6 in Upper Tarabunia. Concentration of dissolve oxygen was found lowest 5.0± 0.3 mg/l in Gajaria and highest in Upper Tarabunia 5.9±0.1 mg/l. Free carbon di oxide was found highest in Gajaria 19.7±1.5 mg/l and lowest in Sureswar 16.2±0.7 mg/l. PH was found ranged from 7.3±0.6 in Sureswar to 7.9±0.2 in Gajaria. Total alkalinity was found ranged from 89.3±25 mg/l to 72.5±11.5 mg/l in Sureswar. Total hardness was found highest in Gajaria 89.2±14.9 mg/l and lowest in Sureswar 62.0±26.3 mg/l. Total 40 genera of phytoplankton belongs to Bacillariophyceae Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Dinophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Myxophyceae and Xanthophyceae were recorded. Total 9 genera of zooplanktons were found with four families namely Rotifera, Cladocera, Copepoda and Ostracoda. Total 56 boats were estimated to be fishing for hilsa between sanctuary and non sanctuary areas of Bangladesh during September to December. Total length of the boats varied between 6.7 and 16.5 m with an average of 13 m.

Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2018, 2(2), 79-85
Diarrheal prevalence and risk factors among under five years children in remote coastal area of Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Md Shafiqul Islam , Al Banna Md Hasan , Akter Sumaiya , Chakma Milon , Shakila - , Begum Musammet Rasheda , Hassan Md Nazmul
Published: September 2021

Diarrhea causes major childhood morbidity and mortality globally. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of childhood diarrhea among under-five children in Southern coastal area of Bangladesh. A community-based cross-sectional study conducted from April to June 2018 among 202 randomly selected children. A structured questionnaire used to collect information on a three month diseases occurrence and other covariates. The association of diarrhea with socio economy, personal and food hygiene practices observed using multivariate logistic regression after adjusting for potential confounders. Prevalence of childhood diarrhea was 10.9%. In bivariate analysis, mother’s education, family income, father’s occupation, hand washing of child before feeding and refrigerator associated with outcomes. In multivariate analysis, father’s occupation, hand washing of child by soap before feeding and having refrigerator in households was associated with childhood diarrhea after controlling the socio-demographic factors (age and gender). Child of unemployed fathers were more likely to have diarrhea than employed father (AOR=0.206; 95% CI: 0.070-0.610).Child do not wash hand before feeding (AOR=0.393; 95% CI =0.102-0.511) and households not having refrigerator (AOR= 0.072; 95% CI: 0.007-0.745) had higher odds of diarrhea. The load of diarrhea in this setting was almost double to the national rate. Poor hand washing of child and refrigerator are major risk factor high burden of the disease. Health promotion strategies on proper food storage and child feeding practices are recommended for the prevention of childhood diarrhea.

Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2018, 2(2), 93-99
Leaf phenolics and pigments along with their antioxidative potential in some medicinal plants
Authors: Islam Rumana , Ul Hoque Md Injamum , Ashrafuzzaman Md , Uddin Md Nesar
Published: September 2021

Medicinal plants play significant role in human health. Besides this all of the Unani, Herbal, Kobiraji, and Homeopath medicine are produced from medicinal plant. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the phytochemical constituents as total phenolics content, free radical scavenging capacity, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll (a+b) and carotenoids. Leaves of seven important non-solanaceous medicinal plants namely Boerhavia diffusa (punarnava), Adhatoda vasica (basok), Paederia foetida (gandhabhaduli), Rauwolfia serpentina (sarpogandha), Catharanthus roseus (pink nayantara), Catharanthus alba (white nayantara) and Andrographis paniculata (kalomegh) were extracted for phenolics, chlorophyll a and b as well as carotenoids in this experiment. Total phenolics content in seven medicinal plants in this experiment ranged from 142.44 (C. roseus) to 416.25 (A. vasica) mg GAE/100 g leaf fresh weight. The IC50 value for scavenging 2, 2- diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals ranged from 32.12 (C. roseus) to 38.40 (Boerhavia diffusa) mg mL-1 leaf extract in seven different medicinal plants. Pigments content such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll (a+b) and carotenoids were found highest in Adhatoda vasica leaf as 2.347, 0.900, 3.283, and 0.521 mg g-1 fresh weight, respectively, among all the seven species. We may get highly valuable medicine from Adhatoda vasica (basok) leaf for its superior biochemical constituents, which will help our next generation to treat chronic diseases.

Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2018, 2(2), 86-92
Detection of the amount of residue degradation rate of six commonly used insecticides in cauliflower under supervised field trial
Authors: Ahmed Md Sultan , Ali Sardar Md Mohsin , Ahmad Masum , Kabir Kamal Humayun
Published: September 2021

The present study was made to detect the amount of residue degradation rate of insecticides in cauliflower under supervised field trial. Six field trials were carried out sprayed with recommended dose of acephate (2 g/L of water), cypermethrin (1 ml/L of water) and diazinon, malathion, quinalphos and fenitrothion (2 ml/L of water of each), respectively. Samples were collected at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 days after spray (DAS). The degradation rate of cypermethrin, diazinon, quinalphos and fenitrothion were detected up to 10 days after spray (DAS) in cauliflower, while malathion and acephate could be detected at 5 and 15 DAS respectively. The detected quantities were above Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) up to 7 DAS for quinalphos, Fenitrothion and acephate, 5 DAS for diazinon and cypermethrin and 3 DAS for malathion. Malathion degraded quickly and acephate degraded slowly as compared to other tested insecticides. Therefore, malathion might be use for cauliflower cultivation having waiting period of 5 DAS and incase of diazinon and cypermethrin it was 7 DAS. Quinalphos, fenitrothion and acehate had higher waiting period of 10 DAS which might be due to slower rate of degradation.

Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2018, 2(2), 109-114
Comparative analysis of nutritional quality of different fish feed available in greater Noakhali region, Bangladesh
Authors: Nayeem Mir Abu , Hossain Amir , Hannan Mahidi Hossen , Mondal Subrata
Published: September 2021

An experiment was carried out to comparative analysis of nutritional quality of different fish feed from different feed dealers and industries in greater Noakhali region and to compare the values with those provided by the manufacturers. The feed samples were collected from different feed industries and dealer's shop of these region. Feed samples were collected during 10 August to 5 September, 2016. The collected feed samples were stored and analyzed in the Fish Nutrition Laboratory of the Department of Aquaculture in the Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh for proximate composition (moisture, ash, crude protein, crude lipid, crude fiber, carbohydrate) following standard methods. Results showed that there was significant variation between analyzed and company provided nutritive values of different feeds. Some feed samples have low moisture level (difference 0.7 to 3.3%). Ash content of the experimental samples also show a variety of results compared to their labeled composition. Only some feed have more values to the company provided values, such as, Mega starter (12.13%) and Bengal grower (12.75) proportion with 12%. Some feed contains more difference range of 6.01% more than labeled values is RP feed (20.01%). Maximum feed samples had lower crude protein (difference 0.05 to 4.65%) than the company provided protein values. However, only crude protein of Bengal finisher (29.95%) and Aftab grower (28.07%) feeds were found to be almost same to the company provided nutritive values (30% and 28%). The lipid, ash and carbohydrates contents of the experimental samples also have a difference range. The highest lipid values are available in Provita starter (9.76%) and lowest values containing feed Setu grower (4.33%). The highest carbohydrates content in the feed Provita starter (36.84%). The findings of this study demonstrated that low quality commercial fish feeds were supplied to the fish farmers by majority of feed companies. Therefore, the study will generate some information to the farmers which will help to choose the best feed for their aquaculture production.

Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2019, 3(1), 1-14
Analysis of pesticide residue in vegetables collected from nine different regions of Bangladesh using Gas Chromatography
Authors: Ahmed Md Sultan , Begum Afroza , Hossain Prodhan Mohammad Dalower , Sarker Debasish
Published: September 2021

The study was conducted to analyze the amount of residue of six commonly used pesticides (e.g. chlorpyriphos, quinalphos, diazinon, acephate, dimethoate and fenitrothion) in vegetables viz., hyacinth bean and eggplant samples collected from local market of nine different locations viz. Cumilla, Bogura, Rangpur, Rajshahi, Khagrachari, Cox’s bazaar, Barishal, Jamalpur and Dhaka for the comparison between the detected residue level with maximum residue limit (MRL) set by European Union. Among 36 analyzed samples of hyacinth bean six samples (16.67%) were contaminated with chlorpyriphos (0.082 mg/kg) and dimethoate residue (0.192 mg/kg - 0.961 mg/kg), all of them were above maximum residue limit. Out of 36 analyzed samples of eggplant 3 samples (8.33%) were contaminated with quinalphos (0.081mg/kg) and dimethoate residue (0.032 mg/kg - 0.217 mg/kg) which were above MRL. Most of the samples contained with dimethoate residue in both the vegetables. The presence of pesticide residue exceeding MRL in vegetables is harmful to human and other living organisms. Analyzed samples of Cumilla, Bogura, Rangpur and Rajshahi showed pesticide residue (i.e. dimethoate, chlorpyriphos and quinalphos) over MRL but the samples of other five locations like Cox’s bazar, Khagrachari, Barishal, Jamalpur and Dhaka did not show any detectable residue which might safe for consumption.

Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2019, 3(1), 23-26
Consequences of use of fenpropathrin compared to other fish toxicants in commercial aquaculture
Authors: Rahman Md Mokhlesur , Ali Sarker Md Shahjahan , Islam M Nazrul , Hoque Nazmul
Published: September 2021

Use of fish toxicants is an important management tool in inland commercial aquaculture. In entrepreneurial fishery in northwest Bangladesh where pond ownership (using rights due to lease) changes frequently (every few years) use of fish toxicants is very routine and more crucial. Along with some traditional fish toxicants (rotenone and aluminium phosphide), unconventional and insecticides like fenpropathrin (not approved for aquaculture use) are being used by fish farm owners in northwest Bangladesh. The study was conducted to understand the consequences of use of fenpropathrin compared to other traditional fish toxicants in commercial aquaculture for harvesting of food fish. Of all the toxicants, fenpropathrin’ s impact was lowest on zooplankton and aquatic insect population, while rotenone had the lowest impact on benthos population in terms of killing and quick recovery time for the population, primarily due to the high turbidity (suspended soil particle) of the pond water (under this study) by which both fenpropathrin and rotenone got affected. Aluminium phosphide found to be more damaging in terms of killing and relatively longer recovery time for zooplankton, aquatic insect and benthos population. Using convenience, quick killing, cheaper price, short duration of toxicity and no potential long-term damage of the waterbody contributes positively for fenpropathrin as fish toxicant except the severe potential public health concern from eating of fish killed by fenpropathrin due to very high bioconcentration factor of fenpropathrin; hence, demands regulation of fenpropathrin’ s use as fish toxicants for food fish.

Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2019, 3(1), 27-37
Production performance of sugar beet (Beta Vulgaris) at in-situ condition of BLRI-RS Baghabari
Authors: Ali Md Yousuf , Sarker Nathu Ram , Ershaduzzaman Md , Khatun Razia , Ahmed Shamim , Alam Md Ashadul , Hossain Md Mosharaf , Alam US
Published: September 2021

Field experiments were conducted at the Experimental Farm of Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Regional Station, Baghabari, Shahjadpur; Sirajgonj during the economic year 2018-19, this experimental design was split-plot in (CRD) with three replications. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the production performance and proximate contentment of Beta vulgaris in loamy soil at the station. Results revealed that, the highest fresh plant weight with leaf was observed in plot 1 and lowest in plot 3 (P>0.05). Insignificantly higher fresh root weight was observed in plot 1 and lowest in plot 3. Fresh leaf weight, number of plant and survivability percentage were high in plot 1 than others plot but they did not significantly (P>0.05) differed.

Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2019, 3(1), 38-42
Colistin residue in broiler: detection in different growth stages
Authors: Bristy Naima Islam , Das Sajal , Noman Zakaria al , Ferdous Jannatul , Sachi Sabbya , Kabir SM Lutful , Sikder Mahmudul Hasan
Published: September 2021

Indiscriminate use of antibiotics in broiler could lead to residue accumulation in food chain. We conducted a study to detect colistin residues in broiler meat in different growth stages, collected from different upazilas of Mymensingh division. A total of 108 samples, were collected from Fulbaria, Mymensingh Sadar, and Trishal Upazila of Mymensingh district and Nakla Upazila of Sherpur district. From each farm, nine samples were collected at the three different growth stages: 14-20 days (Early:E), 21-27 (Middle:M) days and 28-35 (Late:L) days, respectively. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used for the qualitative detection colistin residues in broiler meat. A questionnaire survey was carried out with the farmers from whom the samples were collected. Most of the farmers’ had varying degree of knowledge about biosecurity, withdrawal period and residue of antibiotic, and academic qualification varies from primary to graduate level. Out of 108 samples, 50% (18 out of 36) samples were positive for TLC in early samples, whereas 66.67% (24 out of 36) samples for middle and 50% (18 out of 36) for late collected samples. Upazila-wise, the highest concentration was detected in Mymensingh sadar and Nakla (66.67%) and lowest in Fulbaria (33.33%). These result indicates that colistin are being misused in poultry industry especially in middle days of broiler life and withdrawal periods are not maintained when broiler are marketed. Being a Reserve group antibiotics, measures are needed to ensure human safety regarding colistin residue in poultry industry.

Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2019, 3(1), 43-47
Semi-intensive rearing of Turkey (Meleagris Gallopavo) in some selected areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Ali Md Yousuf , Sarker Nathu Ram , Ershaduzzaman Md , Khatun Razia , Ahmed Shamim , Alam Md Ashadul , Akter Most Sumona , Munira Sirazum , Rahman Shahidur , Alam US
Published: September 2021

There were 17 districts under Dhaka, Chottogram, Sylhet, Rajshahi, Khulna and Mymensingh divisions selected for this study on the basis of Turkey farming. The total 52 number of farmers interviewed to conduct this study. Turkey rearing is a profitable agricultural practice to meet the protein requirement in developing countries like Bangladesh. This is not only a source of protein but also a rich source of minerals and vitamins. The semi-intensive rearing of turkey requires low capital investment and labor cost. The main objectives of the study were to know the present status of feeding and rearing system, problems and prospects and benefit cost ratio of turkey rearing in Bangladesh. The information that collected from the respondents were age, education, main occupation, family members, training, annual income, number of turkey in each batch, name of strain, mortality rate, vaccination and medication practice, current situation of antibiotic and growth promoter use, use of footbath, use of disinfectant for spraying in inside and outside of the farm, percentage of antibiotic and feed additives withdrawal period before marketing, source of vaccine and medicine at farmer level, consultants of the farmers for vaccine and medicine specially antibiotic use, vaccination and medication cost in a batch. The average cost for production of one kg meat is BDT 231.177 and average market price of one kg meat was about BDT 452.34.

Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2019, 3(1), 48-52
Assessment of production vulnerability and food sufficiency in the southeastern parts of Bangladesh
Authors: Hiya Hafsa Jahan , Parvej Md Suman , Farukh Murad Ahmed
Published: September 2021

In a subsistence agrarian economy of Bangladesh, domestic food production has an important role to play in the quest for food security. The productivity in the agricultural sector is critically important if agricultural production is to increase at a sufficiently rapid rate to meet escalating demands for food. Bangladesh has pursued for decades a strategic goal of self-sufficiency in rice production. The country passed a major milestone in its efforts to achieve food security in the sense of rice grain availability at the national level at the end of the 1990s. Whatever progress been made would be difficult to sustain it due to high vulnerability of climatic shocks and the growing pressure of population on scarce natural resources thus, yet food security has not been achieved. The present study finds that, rice production is secure in Feni district from Chittagong division. Because rice production is greater than the consumption. On the other hand, Chandpur and Cox’s Bazar district shows production insecurity in the very recent years. But Chittagong district has the production insufficiency from the past to present, because the production is insufficient to meet the demand of the vast population in this area. The study reveals that, the production of Aus rice will be increased in the next 5 years in Chittagong district. Aman rice production will be increased in the next 5 years in the districts namely Feni. Again, Boro rice production will be increased in the next 5 years in the districts namely Cox’s bazar and Feni districts.

Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2019, 3(2), 77-84
Impact of society for social service credit on poor women of Mymensingh district in Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Md Ashraful , Islam Syful , Toma Nowrin Islam , Islam Md Shofiqul
Published: September 2021

The present study is an attempt to assess the impact of SSS (Society for Social Service) credit on women beneficiaries of Gouripur upazila at Mymensingh district in Bangladesh. The study revealed that both annual income and expenditure of the respondent households have increased after joining the micro credit program of SSS. Average family size of agriculture and petty business enterprises were 4.69 and 4.21. Average annual income of agriculture and petty business enterprises were Tk 80726.57 and 74864.14 respectively while average annual expenditure of agriculture and petty business enterprises were Tk 78776.65 and 67912.37 respectively. It was evident in the case of children education (60.00 percent), labor employment (40.00 percent), crop production (55.00 percent), taking care of children (30.00 percent) and rearing poultry birds. The highest (66.67 percent) proportion of the respondents reported insufficiency of credit supply was a moderate problem and only 33.33 percent of them reported this not at all a problem to them. The interest rate charged by the SSS as a major problem, 36.67 percent of the respondents opined as high. About 48.49 percent of the respondents reported that burden of old debt was not at all a problem while 1.67 percent said that it was a great problem to continue their existing activities. The finding shows that SSS credit program encouraged the women beneficiaries to participate in the social development activities in the study area.

Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2019, 3(2), 53-62
Women’s empowerment through small-scale dairy farming in Bangladesh: a study on some selected areas of Mymensingh district
Authors: Islam M Rafiqul , Kabir SM Lutful , Islam Md Serazul
Published: September 2021

The study was designed to explore the women’s empowerment through small-scale dairy farming in Bangladesh. Small-scale dairy farm owners constituted the population of the present study. Among the population, the households who were actively engaged in dairy farming activities more than one year in the selected area of Mymensingh district, they were considered as the sample unit. For data collection, 50 households from the sample unit were randomly selected for interview. Simple percentages were calculated to show the frequency distribution at different categories of variables. Through small-scale dairy farming, rural women were able to increase their confidence and decision-making power with regard to their household and personal care and experienced increased self-esteem, expansion of their social circles, and ultimately enhanced empowerment through the breakdown of traditional socio-cultural norms. Thus, the expansion of small-scale dairy farming in other rural areas of Bangladesh is likely to contribute to the empowerment of more rural women.

Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2019, 3(2), 85-95