bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology and treatment of children with hereditary angioedema in Germany: A retrospective database study
Authors: Prenzel Freerk , Abraham Susanne , Hirche Christoph , Müller Gerrit , Kaiser Stephan , Serdani‐Neuhaus Leonarda , Zingel Rebecca , Martinez‐Saguer Inmaculada
Published: November 2023

Background

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a potentially life‐threatening inherited disease that causes recurrent, serious, and debilitating episodes of swelling. While evidence has improved in adult patients, data on the epidemiology and treatment of pediatric patients with HAE remain very limited. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and prevalence of pediatric patients with HAE aged <12 years, as well as treatment patterns, co‐medication, and specialties involved.

Methods

In this retrospective study (2016–2021), the German IQVIATM pharmacy claims (LRx) database was used to analyze prescriptions of HAE‐specific treatments and co‐medications.

Results

We found an HAE prevalence in pediatric patients aged <12 years of 2.51:100,000 and a 12‐month prevalence of up to 1.02:100,000 between 2016 and 2021. Most HAE treatments were prescribed by outpatient clinics and pediatricians, with an increasing proportion of icatibant as an on‐demand treatment and low rates of long‐term prophylaxis (LTP). The prescription rate of analgesics as the most common co‐medication decreased notably after HAE diagnosis.

Conclusion

Our findings provide insights into the epidemiology and current pediatric HAE treatment landscape in Germany. The obtained HAE prevalence in pediatric patients aged <12 years was even higher than the previously reported average of overall cohorts, whereas the LTP rate was low, which might indicate an unmet need for newer LTP treatment options in pediatric patients.
Effect of primary peak wavelength and stimulus size on metameric failure through color difference evaluations
Authors: Huang Min , Gao Xinyuan , Wei Minchen , Wang Yu , Li Yu , Li Xiu
Published: November 2023

Tristimulus values and chromaticities, which are derived using the color matching functions (CMFs), are commonly used for color characterization, calibration, and specifications, with the stimuli having the same values believed to have the same color appearance (i.e., metameric match). Many studies, however, found that the stimuli having the same tristimulus values do not appear the same (known as metameric failure) due to the failure of CMFs in accurately characterizing the color matching mechanisms. Most past work investigated the performance of different CMFs through color matching experiments, with a smaller chromaticity or calculated color difference between the reference and test stimuli suggesting a better performance. Such differences, however, may not accurately characterize the performance of the CMFs, since the color spaces or chromaticity diagrams may not be uniform, in terms of the threshold of noticeable color difference. In this study, the human observers evaluated the perceived color difference between pairs of stimuli, which were calibrated to have the same tristimulus values calculated using the CIE 1931 2° CMFs, with two sizes of field of view (FOV). The results clearly suggested that the stimuli having the same tristimulus values may not always appear the same, which depended on the primaries and the FOV. More importantly, the results clearly suggested that the chromaticity differences from color matching experiments may overestimate the metameric failure, especially when the color differences were small.
The psychosocial stressors of siblings of people with experiences of psychosis (SOPEP): A systematic narrative review across cultures
Authors: Izon Emma , Radez Jerica , Knight Matthew T. D.
Published: November 2023

Objectives

This study aimed to synthesise the psychosocial stressors of siblings of people with experiences of psychosis (SOPEP). Understanding the specific needs of siblings across diverse cultures would help mental health services to provide culturally specific psychosocial family and sibling‐centred support. This may result in improved relationships between families, better psychosocial well‐being for siblings and better outcomes for patients.

Methods

Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was conducted to explore the psychosocial stressors of SOPEP. Six databases were utilised to identify literature using qualitative methodology.

Results

Twenty‐two studies were included that investigated the Psychosocial Stressors of SOPEP. SOPEP's experiences were influenced by various stages: individual factors, social factors, physical and macro‐level environments. Six key components contributed to SOPEP's psychosocial stressors and facilitated or hindered their intentions, behaviours and experiences of caregiving. These were the SOPEP's beliefs about psychosis, caregiving beliefs, family and cultural values, personality traits, pragmatic challenges and access to resources.

Conclusions

Globally, SOPEP and families may benefit from their involvement in family interventions and individual support that facilitates caregiving and acknowledges their responsibilities, resources, psychosocial needs and emotional experiences.
Performance evaluation of L‐maximal ratio combining diversity with estimation error for Shadowed Beaulieu‐Xie fading channels
Authors: Hawaibam Sisira , Singh Aheibam Dinamani
Published: November 2023

To provide the increasing demand for wireless technologies, high capacity with lower latency is vital. New emerging technologies like 5G, millimeter wave, THz, and so forth are able to characterize such complex fading and shadowed environments. Spatial diversity is one of the techniques to minimize fading in the wireless communication channel. The performance of the wireless communication system can be further optimized by using estimators at the receivers. The influence of imperfect channel estimation on the performance over shadowed Beaulieu‐Xie (SBX) fading channels with L‐maximal ratio combining (MRC) diversity is studied. The probability density function (PDF) of the received output signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) with L‐MRC over SBX fading channels is derived. Further PDF of the received output SNR, outage probability, and average bit error rate (ABER) using the derived PDF is evaluated for L‐MRC diversity with channel estimation error over SBX fading channels. ABER expression for Gray‐coded rectangular quadrature amplitude modulation over the SBX channel is also evaluated. The study also includes how the system performs under the effect of different shadowing and fading parameters.
Industrial athletes, relative energy deficit in occupation, and equitable eating disorder treatment and recovery
Authors: Barker Jessica L. , Stults‐Kolehmainen Matthew , Tierney Amanda , Peterson Carol B.
Published: November 2023

Objective

This paper highlights the gap in understanding and meeting the needs of individuals with eating disorders (EDs) who are engaged in manual labor and proposes a novel solution for meeting those needs.

Methods

In this paper, we describe the rationale, considerations, and opportunities for research and practice that can be adapted and created to meet the needs of individuals with EDs who are engaged in manual labor, a group that may be underserved by current methods for treating EDs. We highlight the potential utility of the industrial athlete (IA) framework for this population, propose the term Relative Energy Deficit in Occupation (“RED‐O”), and describe the potential applications of this framework and term for research, treatment, and public health promotion for EDs among individuals engaged in manual labor.

Results

The IA framework and RED‐O provide opportunities to address the unique needs of individuals with EDs who are also engaged in manual labor and who are disproportionately of low socioeconomic status through new and adapted research and clinical applications as well as advocacy and public health promotion.

Discussion

Equitable recovery for people with EDs requires the ability to engage in activities necessary for occupational functioning, including the physical capacity necessary to participate fully in their work. As access to treatment increases, it is imperative that the needs of IAs are adequately addressed, especially those who are of lower socioeconomic status.

Public Significance

The industrial athlete and relative energy deficit in occupation (RED‐O) frameworks will enhance opportunities for identification and treatment of underserved and disadvantaged populations with eating disorders and reduce public health burden of eating disorders.
Association of neighbourhood‐level material deprivation with adverse outcomes and processes of care among patients with heart failure in a single‐payer healthcare system: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Bobrowski David , Dorovenis Andrew , Abdel‐Qadir Husam , McNaughton Candace D. , Alonzo Rea , Fang Jiming , Austin Peter C. , Udell Jacob A. , Jackevicius Cynthia A. , Alter David A. , Atzema Clare L. , Bhatia R. Sacha , Booth Gillian L. , Ha Andrew C.T. , Johnston Sharon , Dhalla Irfan , Kapral Moira K. , Krumholz Harlan M. , Roifman Idan , Wijeysundera Harindra C. , Ko Dennis T. , Tu Karen , Ross Heather J. , Schull Michael J. , Lee Douglas S.
Published: November 2023

Aim

We studied the association between neighbourhood material deprivation, a metric estimating inability to attain basic material needs, with outcomes and processes of care among incident heart failure patients in a universal healthcare system.

Methods and results

In a population‐based retrospective study (2007–2019), we examined the association of material deprivation with 1‐year all‐cause mortality, cause‐specific hospitalization, and 90‐day processes of care. Using cause‐specific hazards regression, we quantified the relative rate of events after multiple covariate adjustment, stratifying by age ≤65 or ≥66 years. Among 395 763 patients (median age 76 [interquartile range 66–84] years, 47% women), there was significant interaction between age and deprivation quintile for mortality/hospitalization outcomes (p ≤ 0.001). Younger residents (age ≤65 years) of the most versus least deprived neighbourhoods had higher hazards of all‐cause death (hazard ratio [HR] 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10–1.29]) and cardiovascular hospitalization (HR 1.29 [95% CI 1.19–1.39]). Older individuals (≥66 years) in the most deprived neighbourhoods had significantly higher hazard of death (HR 1.11 [95% CI 1.08–1.14]) and cardiovascular hospitalization (HR 1.13 [95% CI 1.09–1.18]) compared to the least deprived. The magnitude of the association between deprivation and outcomes was amplified in the younger compared to the older age group. More deprived individuals in both age groups had a lower hazard of cardiology visits and advanced cardiac imaging (all p < 0.001), while the most deprived of younger ages were less likely to undergo implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator/cardiac resynchronization therapy‐pacemaker implantation (p = 0.023), compared to the least deprived.

Conclusion

Patients with newly‐diagnosed heart failure residing in the most deprived neighbourhoods had worse outcomes and reduced access to care than those less deprived.
Tailoring the Hybridization Density of DNA Biosensors through Tunable Surface Functionalization
Authors: Robin Perrine , Mayoraz Lucas , Skigin Pauline , Mensi Mounir , Gerber‐Lemaire Sandrine
Published: November 2023

DNA biosensors are promising candidates for the development of point‐of‐care diagnosis methods. They can be inserted in microfluidic platforms, are often non‐expensive, and can be produced for a variety of targeted analytes. However, their development faces several challenges, some of which arise from their surface design. Among the characteristics which affect the binding efficiency of DNA probes to their targeted genes, the packing density and lateral spacing of the probe sequences must be controlled to provide enough binding sites and avoid crowding effect. It has also been demonstrated that increasing the space between the probe and the substrate can enhance the sensitivity of the sensing surface. Herein, we describe a methodology to control the vertical distance between DNA probes and a glass support, and lateral spacing between the probes. Such functionalization strategy could help the development of sensing surface with high hybridization density, and therefore high sensitivity.
Keap It in the Family: How to Fish out New Paradigms in Keap1‐Mediated Cell Signaling
Authors: Long Marcus J. C. , Huang Kuan‐Ting , Aye Yimon
Published: November 2023

Keap1 is associated with cytoprotective signaling. These roles of Keap1 typically focus on its role as a degrader of the antioxidant response (AR) transcription factor, Nrf2, and the inhibition of this process upon Keap1 labeling by electrophiles. However, work from several laboratories has reemphasized both the important role of Nrf2 binding in negatively regulating AR, and the fact that electrophile Keap1 modification dissociates Nrf2 from Keap1. This model appears to be applicable to other signaling modes regulated by Keap1. Here, we use recent data we have derived using experiments in zebrafish and cultured cells to discuss different models of Keap1 regulation.
Effect of inevitable ions on kerosene droplet formation and evolution
Authors: Zhang Yong , Zhu Hongzheng , Ou Zhanbei , Wei Xiaojian , Ge Wei , Li Chao , Gao Lei , He Hailing , Zhu Jinbo
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Understanding the effect of ions on collector generation characteristics is crucial for adjusting the oil/water interface and enhancing mineral flotation.

METHODS

We conducted a study of the kerosene droplet generation process in the presence of NaCl, MgCl2, and AlCl3 using a high‐speed motion acquisition system.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

The results showed that the generation process of kerosene droplets could be divided into two stages, droplet expansion and column contraction, according to variations of the droplet width. With the increasing capillary inner diameter, the generation time of the kerosene droplet increased, while the w/h value (column width/column height) of the kerosene column decreased. When the w/h value decreased to 0, the droplet column ruptured, and the droplet separated from the capillary. As the ion valence increased, the equivalent diameter (d) of the kerosene droplet increased due to the ionic hydration and followed the order dAl3+ > dMg2+ > dNa+. Furthermore, as the ion concentration increased, the equivalent diameter increased with the same capillary inner diameter, and the w/h value decreased. A model of the kerosene column height and capillary inner diameter (R) was established to predict the characteristics of the generated kerosene droplet. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Pecten oculi of kestrel (Falco tinnunculus rupicolaeformes) and little owl (Athene noctua glaux): Scanning electron microscopy and histology with unique insights into SEM–EDX elemental analysis
Authors: Gewily Doaa , Shalaby Walaa , Abumandour Mohamed , Choudhary Om Prakash , Kandyel Ramadan
Published: November 2023

There is scanty data about the comparative morphological features between the pecten oculi of two carnivorous birds with different visual active clock hours: the diurnal common kestrel and the nocturnal little owl. This study illustrated the comparative gross, scanning electron microscopy, and histological characteristics between pecten oculi of kestrel and little owl. This study first attempts to describe the scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive x‐ray (SEM–EDX) elemental analysis at the parts (apex, middle, and base) of the pecten oculi of these two birds. The present study results observed the same position, origin, directions, parts, convoluted outer pleat surfaces, and SEM–EDX elemental analysis, but there were some minor variations due to the different visual active clock hours. These minor variations were summarized in the following points: pleat number (21–23 in the kestrel and 10–11 in the owl), shape (fan rhomboid in the kestrel and accordion in the owl), inter‐pleat spaces (wider in the kestrel than in the owl), pigmentations (highly black pigmented in the owl than in the kestrel), hyalocyte cell aggregations (highest in the middle and dwindling at the apex and base in the kestrel, while highest in the middle and base and dwindling at the apex in the owl), and SEM–EDX elemental analysis percentage. SEM/EDX elemental analysis confirmed the presence of oxygen (the highest one), carbon, nitrogen (the second one), nitrogen (the third one), and aluminum (the lowest one) in varying percentages within the pecten oculi; these findings contribute to our understanding of its structural, adaptations with different visual active clock hours, and functional characteristics.

Research Highlights

This study compared the pecten oculi of two carnivorous birds with different visual active clock hours: the diurnal common kestrel and the nocturnal little owl.

Anatomically, the characteristic features were similar in both the birds, but some minor variations were observed adapted to their visual active clock hours.

The pecten oculi of both birds were analyzed using SEM–EDX for elemental analysis, and it revealed that oxygen was the highest elemental concentration, followed by carbon and nitrogen. Aluminum concentrations were small as per SEM–EDX analysis.

The study suggested that the pecten oculi of these birds are related to their active visual clocks and adaptive nutritional mechanisms.
Determination of the longitudinal thermal conductivity of low‐ordered carbon fibers by using an optothermal Raman technique
Authors: Kumar A. , Ammar M.R. , Canizarès A. , Vicente J. , Rousseau B.
Published: November 2023

The usage of carbon fibers (CFs) for high‐temperature applications has been increasing in recent years. However, the determination of thermal properties at high temperatures is a challenging task. In this study, the thermal conductivity of two different types of CF having a diameter in the range from 5–7
m, as a function of temperature, was examined by using the optothermal Raman method. Raman spectroscopy was first used to obtain the structural organization and structural homogeneity of the fibers. Then, owing to the fact that Raman spectra are sensitive to laser excitation power and external temperature, Raman spectroscopy was used as a contactless thermometer to determine the local temperature rise of the fibers. A formula was derived by solving the heat diffusion equation for cylindrical fibers and a set of boundary conditions, similar to the experimental conditions, which allows accurate estimation of longitudinal thermal conductivity. The results are discussed in relation with the phonon scattering theory and can be attributed to the combined effect of scattering from defects. The radiative and convective heat losses were estimated, and their influence on thermal conductivity was also determined.
Cluster approach for the density functional theory study of organic cation vibrations in hybrid halide post‐perovskite 3‐cyanopyridinium lead tribromide
Authors: Krauklis Irina V. , Samsonova Anna Yu , Selivanov Nikita I. , Kapitonov Yury V. , Chizhov Yuri V.
Published: November 2023

Internal vibrations of organic cations in halide perovskites and their analogues could be used to study the crystal structure of these novel semiconductor materials. In this work, we have studied the vibration properties of the 3‐cyanopyridinium (3cp+ = [3‐CN‐C5H5NH]+) cation in the hybrid organic–inorganic halide post‐perovskite (3cp)PbBr3. For DFT modeling of the experimental Raman spectrum, we have constructed three different models: free cation, minimal stoichiometric cluster and nanocluster. Calculations of a free cation adequately describe most of the internal vibrations. To describe high‐wavenumber hydrogen stretching vibrations, and first of all N–H vibrations, it is necessary to use sufficiently large clusters. We show in the cluster approach for crystal field description that it is necessary to include in the cluster not only halogens but also their nearest environment. In this case, agreement with experiment is reached, and further considerations can be put forward about the strength of the hydrogen bond and its role in stabilising the crystal.
Characteristics and molecular properties of crude hemeproteins extracted from Asian seabass gills using an ultrasound‐assisted process
Authors: Patil Umesh , Nilsuwan Krisana , Buamard Natchaphol , Zhang Bin , Benjakul Soottawat
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

The development of a safe and effective iron supplement is important for the treatment of iron‐deficient anemia. Therefore, the crude hemeprotein extract (CHPE) from Asian seabass gills was extracted without (CON) and with ultrasound (US)‐assisted process, followed by freeze‐drying. The resulting freeze‐dried crude hemeprotein extract (FDCHPE) powders were determined for trace mineral content, color, secondary structure, protein pattern, size distribution, volatile compounds, and amino acid composition.

RESULTS

The extraction yields of CON‐FDCHPE and US‐FDCHPE were 6.76% and 13.65%, respectively. Highest heme iron (0.485 mg/mL) and non‐heme iron (0.023 mg/mL) contents were found when US at 70% amplitude for 10 min (US 70/10) was applied. Both CON‐FDCHPE and US‐FDCHPE had no heavy metals, but higher iron content (432.8 mg/kg) was found in US‐FDCHPE (P < 0.05). Typical red color was observed in CON‐FDCHPE and US‐FDCHPE with a*‐values of 9.72 and 10.60, respectively. Ultrasonication affected protein structure, in which β‐sheet upsurged, whereas random coil, α‐helix, and β‐turn were reduced. Protein pattern confirmed that both samples had myoglobin as the major protein. US‐FDCHPE also showed a higher abundance of volatile compounds, especially propanal, hexanal, heptanal, and so forth, compared to CON‐FDCHPE. Amino acid composition of US‐FDCHPE was comparable to Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) values.

CONCLUSION

Overall, FDCHPE extracted using ultrasonication could be safe and effective for fortification in food products as an iron supplement to alleviate iron‐deficient anemia. Additionally, gills as leftovers could be better exploited rather than being disposed. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Patterns of completion axillary dissection for patients with cT1‐2N0 breast cancer undergoing total mastectomy with positive sentinel lymph nodes
Authors: Schwieger Lara , Postlewait Lauren M. , Subhedar Preeti D. , Geng Feifei , Liu Yuan , Gillespie Theresa , Arciero Cletus A.
Published: November 2023

Background and Objectives

The ACOSOGZ0011 trial found that overall survival (OS) for patients with 1–2 positive nodes undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy‐alone (SLNB) was noninferior to completion axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), but excluded patients undergoing mastectomy. Our study examined patterns of ALND and its relationship with OS for SLNB‐positive patients undergoing mastectomy.

Methods

The National Cancer Database was queried (2010–2017) for patients with cT1‐2N0 breast cancer undergoing mastectomy with positive sentinel lymph nodes. Clinical data were compared.

Results

Of 20 001 patients, 11 574 (57.9%) underwent SLNB + ALND, and 8427 (42.1%) had SLNB‐alone. The SLNB + ALND group had more positive nodes (mean 2.6 vs. 1.3, p < 0.001) and more frequently received nodal radiation (33.4% vs. 28.9%, p < 0.001). Patients diagnosed in later years were less likely to undergo ALND (2010: reference; 2017: odds ratio: 0.29, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.25–0.33, p < 0.001). ALND (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.89–1.06, p = 0.49) and nodal radiation (HR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.83–1.02, p = 1.06) were not independently associated with OS. Propensity‐score matched 5‐year OS was similar (SLNB + ALND: 90.9% vs. SLNB‐alone: 90.3%, p = 0.65).

Conclusion

For patients undergoing mastectomy for cT1‐2N0 breast cancer with positive SLNB, SLNB‐alone was common and increased over time. Axillary radiation was not routinely delivered in the SLNB‐alone group. Completion ALND and nodal radiation were not associated with improved survival.
Fibrous Conductive Metallogels with Hybrid Electron/Ion Networks for Boosted Extreme Sensitivity and High Linearity Strain Sensor
Authors: Li Jifeng , Wan Kening , Zhu Tianyi , Zheng Yong , Chen Ziyin , Feng Qichun , Du Zhaofang
Published: November 2023

Fibrous strain sensing materials with both high sensitivity and high linearity are of significant importance for wearable sensors, yet they still face great challenges. Herein, a photo‐spun reaction encapsulation strategy is proposed for the continuous fabrication of fibrous strain sensor materials (AMGF) with a core‐sheath structure. Metallogels (MOGs) formed by bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibers and Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs), and thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) are employed as the core and sheath, respectively. The in situ ultraviolet light reduction of Ag+ ensured AgNPs to maintain the interconnections between the BC nanofibers and form electron conductive networks (0.31 S m−1). Under applied strain, the BC nanofibers experience separation, bringing AMGF a high sensitivity (gauge factor 4.36). The concentration of free ions in the MOGs uniformly varies with applied deformation, endowing AMGF with high linearity and a goodness‐of‐fit of 0.98. The sheath TPE provided AMGF sensor with stable working life (>10 000 s). Furthermore, the AMGF sensors are demonstrated to monitor complex deformations of the dummy joints in real‐time as a wearable sensor. Therefore, the fibrous hybrid conductive network fibers fabricated via the photo‐spun reaction encapsulation strategy provide a new route for addressing the challenge of achieving both high sensitivity and high linearity.
Ultrabright Acrylic Polymers with Tunable Fluorescence Enabled by Imprisoning Single TICT Probe
Authors: Ma Yalei , Wang Qiuping , Deng Jia , Yan Xudong , Liu Jing , Ding Liping , Miao Rong , Fang Yu
Published: November 2023

Bright and colorful fluorescent polymers are ideal materials for a variety of applications. Although polymers could be made fluorescent by physical doping or chemical binding of fluorescent units, it is a great challenge to get colorful and highly emissive polymers with a single fluorophore. Here the development of a general and facile method to synthesize ultrabright and colorful polymers using a single twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) probe is reported. By incorporating polymerizable, highly fluorescent, and environmental sensitive TICT probe, a series of colorful acrylic polymers (emission from 481 to 543 nm) with almost 100% fluorescence quantum yields are prepared. Like the solvatochromic effect, functional groups within side chains of acrylic polymers (including alkyl chain, tetrahydrofurfuryl group, and hydroxyl group) provide varied environmental polarity for the incorporated fluorophore, resulting in a series of colorful polymeric materials. Benefiting from the excellent photophysical properties, the polymers show great potential in encryption, cultural relics protection, white light‐emitting diode bulb making, and fingerprint identification.
Anatomical study of first palmar intermetacarpal flap in cadavers and application for congenital first web contracture in a child with Apert's syndrome
Authors: Soldado Francisco , Rojas‐Neira Juliana , Rivas‐Nicolls Danilo , de Oliveira Ricardo Kaempf , Shen Xiao F.
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Reconstructing severe first web contractures often involves using either pedicled forearm flaps, which can cause extensive scarring, or free flaps, which can be highly complex. In this study, we present a local palmar hand flap that overcomes both of these challenges.

Methods

Ten fresh upper limbs were examined after arterial injection with colored latex. The study focused on identifying the most distal palmar vascular cutaneous branches suitable for designing an elliptical cutaneous flap over the volar intermetacarpal area. This flap's width was approximately 50% of the width of the thenar eminence. Additionally, we present the case of an 8‐year‐old child with a type 1 Upton's Apert's hand, which exhibited a severe first web contracture.

Results

In seven cadaver hands, one distal cutaneous perforator was found, while in three hands, two perforators were identified. These perforators originated from the thumb radial collateral artery six times, pollex princeps three times, index radial collateral vessels twice, and thumb ulnar collateral vessels twice. The mean perforator diameter was 0.5 mm (ranging from 0.4 to 0.6 mm), and the mean perforator length was 10 mm (ranging from 0.8 to 12 mm). Using this flap bilaterally in our patient resulted in a straightforward procedure that created a broad and functional first web. A total‐thickness skin graft was necessary to cover the proximal thenar area, and fortunately, no complications arose. A wide first web with an intermetacarpal angle of 40° ultimately was obtained scoring 8 on the kapandji.

Conclusions

The first palmar intermetacarpal flap presents itself as a reasonable and uncomplicated option for addressing significant moderate‐to‐severe first web contractures.
A novel clinician‐delivered intervention to reduce fear of recurrence in breast cancer survivors: Results from a Phase I/II implementation study (CIFeR_2)
Authors: Liu Jia , He Sharon , Butow Phyllis , Shaw Joanne , McHardy Christopher John , Harris Georgia , Serafimovska Anastasia , Butt Zoe , Beith Jane
Published: November 2023

Objective

Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is highly prevalent, however there is no formal training for clinicians to address FCR. A novel brief clinician intervention to help patients manage FCR (Clinician Intervention to Reduce Fear of Recurrence (CIFeR)) was shown to be feasible, acceptable, and reduced FCR in breast cancer patients in a pilot study. We now aim to explore the barriers and facilitators of implementing CIFeR within routine oncology practice in Australia.

Methods

This multicentre, single‐arm Phase I/II implementation study recruited surgical, medical and radiation oncologists who treat women with early breast cancer. Participating clinicians completed online CIFeR training and were asked to use CIFeR for the next 6 months. Questionnaires were administered before (T0), immediately after (T1), then 3 (T2) and 6 months (T3) after training to assess confidence in addressing FCR and Proctor Implementation outcomes. The primary outcome was adoption at T2. Secondary outcomes were self‐efficacy in FCR management, acceptability, feasibility, costs, barriers and facilitators of implementation.

Results

Fifty‐two clinicians consented of whom 37 completed the CIFeR intervention training. Median age of participants was 41.5 (range 29–61), 73% were female and 51% were medical oncologists. The primary endpoint was met, with CIFeR adopted by 82%. Clinician intervention delivery took 7.4 min on average and was deemed acceptable, appropriate and feasible. Self‐efficacy in managing FCR improved significantly across all domains (p < 0.001). Lack of time was the greatest barrier to routine CIFeR_2 implementation.

Conclusions

A structured brief, low‐cost clinician intervention to reduce FCR is useful, acceptable and improved self‐efficacy with FCR management. Fear of cancer recurrence training should be incorporated into communication skills training of oncologists and surgeons.

Trial Registration

Prospectively registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12621001697875.

Trial Sponsor

Chris O’Brien Lifehouse.
Salvianolic acid B protects against pulmonary fibrosis by attenuating stimulating protein 1‐mediated macrophage and alveolar type 2 cell senescence
Authors: Li Yijie , Chen Ranyun , Wu Jianzhi , Xue Xiaoyong , Liu Tiegang , Peng Guiying , Wu Ruiyu , Wang Lei , Jia Kexin , Cai Yajie , Li Xiaojiaoyang
Published: November 2023

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), as the most common idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, is caused by a complex interaction of pathological mechanisms. Interestingly, IPF frequently occurs in the middle‐aged and elderly populations but rarely affects young people. Salvianolic acid B (SAB) exerts antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antifibrotic bioactivities and is considered a promising drug for pulmonary disease treatment. However, the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of SAB on cellular senescence of lung cells and IPF development remain unclear. We used bleomycin (BLM)‐induced pulmonary fibrosis mice and different lung cells to investigate the antisenescence impact of SAB and explain its underlying mechanism by network pharmacology and the Human Protein Atlas database. Here, we found that SAB significantly prevented pulmonary fibrosis and cellular senescence in mice, and reversed the senescence trend and typical senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors released from lung macrophages and alveolar type II (AT2) epithelial cells, which further reduced lung fibroblasts activation. Additionally, SAB alleviated the epithelial–mesenchymal transition process of AT2 cells induced by transforming growth factor beta. By predicting potential targets of SAB that were then confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation‐qPCR technology, we determined that SAB directly hampered the binding of transcription factor stimulating protein 1 to the promoters of SASPs (P21 and P16), thus halting lung cell senescence. We demonstrated that SAB reduced BLM‐induced AT2 and macrophage senescence, and the subsequent release of SASP factors that activated lung fibroblasts, thereby dual‐relieving IPF. This study provides a new scientific foundation and perspective for pulmonary fibrosis therapy.
Durable and sustainable smart tags for identity management and condition monitoring: Case study for reusable packaging and recyclable data carriers
Authors: Hakola Liisa , Hakola Elina , Palola Sarianna , Tenhunen‐Lunkka Anna , Lahtinen Jussi
Published: November 2023

Reusable packaging has been used as a case study for development of durable and sustainable smart tags that can provide both identity management and potentially also condition monitoring capabilities. Four different smart tag technologies have been investigated, including laser engraved 2D bar codes, printed 2D bar codes with combined temperature indicator, printed NFC (Near‐Field Communication) tags and RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tags as labels. All technologies showed excellent durability towards repeated washing and heating when protective layers were used. SWOT analysis was also carried out to weight the advantages and disadvantages of the different technologies summarizing the choice of the technology per use and end‐of‐life requirements. Sustainability of the investigated technologies is discussed from the smart tag recyclability perspective and the challenges that can be seen related to the use of electronic functionalities and/or plastic‐based protective layers.
The crystal and molecular structure of a substituted dihydro‐azulene, C16H12O2
Authors: van De Grampel J.C. , Cuperus A.J. , Vos Aafje
Published: November 2023

The reaction between diphenylketene and ethoxyacetylene followed by alkaline hydrolysis, gives a crystalline solid with the formula C16H12O2. A structure determination by X‐ray diffraction shows that this compound is 3‐hydroxy‐9‐phenyl‐1,9‐dihydroazulen‐1‐one. The molecular skeleton consists of a planar five‐membered ring fused to a boat shaped seven‐membered ring. In the crystal there are chains of molecules along the monoclinic b‐axis; successive molecules are linked by C‐OH ··· OC hydrogen bonds with a length of 2.662 (s.d. 0.014) Å.
Reactions of 4‐ and 5‐halogenoimidazoles with lithium piperidide in piperidine (didehydrohetarenes XX
Authors: de Bie D.A. , van der Plas H.C. , Geurtsen G.
Published: November 2023

On treatment of 5‐halogeno‐1‐methylimidazole with lithium piperidide in piperidine, an addition‐elimination reaction giving 1‐methyl‐5‐piperidino‐imidazole, transhalogenation giving 4‐halogeno‐1‐methylimidazole and a meta substitution yielding the 1‐methyl‐2‐piperidino‐imidazole, were observed. No indication for the occurrence of a 4,5‐didehydro‐ 1‐methylimidazole was obtained.
Photoreactions of aromatic compounds. Part XXI: Photoreaction of 4‐nitroanisole with cyanate ion: (Short Communication)
Authors: Hartsuiker J. , de Vries S. , Cornelisse J. , Havinga E.
Published: November 2023

The behaviour of photo‐excited 4‐nitroanisole toward nucleophilic reagents in aqueous solution is intriguing and only partially understood2,3,4. With hydroxide it yields 4‐nitrophenoxide and 4‐methoxy‐phenoxide5,6. On irradiation with alkylamines it gives N‐alkyl‐4‐nitro‐anilines7. A considerable amount of nitrite ion has been detected in the reaction with amines8, but it has as yet not been possible to isolate the corresponding substitution product.

Letsinger and his coworkers5 demonstrated that 4‐nitroanisole on photoreaction with pyridine affords N‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)pyridinium nitrite. Interestingly, 4‐nitroanisole in its excited state undergoes substitution by cyanide ion exclusively at the position meta with respect to the nitro group, yielding 2‐cyano‐4‐nitroanisole9. This reaction is sensitive to oxygen: in solutions well purged with nitrogen, yields of 2‐cyano‐4‐nitroanisole are much lower than in air‐saturated solutions3.
Research promotion strategies to enhance research productivity in Tanzanian higher educational institutions
Authors: Kadikilo Abel Charles , Kulshrestha Reeti , Sahay Arunaditya , Nayak Parameswar
Published: November 2023

There are low levels of research productivity among higher education institutions (HEIs) in Africa, which will likely compromise the continent's development agenda if not addressed. This study intends to develop a research framework to create a strategic roadmap that leverages leadership perspectives to foster a thriving research culture and contribute meaningfully to Tanzania's growth and development. We conducted a qualitative study involving higher education policy makers, senior university officials and academic staff from four sampled universities and two non‐university institutions that regulate Tanzania's higher education sector. The secondary data sources supported us in assessing the current state of research in Tanzanian HEI and the way forward. A thematic analysis revealed seven themes: research governance; capacity development strategy; reinforcement strategy; collaboration, networking and teamwork; establishment of research centres; dissemination strategy; and institutionalisation of research activities that can increase research productivity in the Tanzanian HEI context. This research adds to the literature on HEIs by identifying contextual strategy that can enhance research promotion in Tanzania and guide other African countries. In today's global information economy, research production is critical to the viability of HEIs and national development. This research aims to equip HEI leaders with a customised framework to help them direct their institutions towards research excellence and innovation.

Context and implications

Rationale for this study

Tanzania recognises the pivotal role of research in achieving socioeconomic objectives. The research productivity of higher education institutions (HEIs) is crucial in addressing local issues and fulfilling national agenda.

Why the new findings matter

The findings reveal novel strategies for promoting research and how institutionalising them will enhance research engagement and productivity.

Implications

The research framework acts as a strategic guide for HEI policy makers that informs on how to encourage faculty and scholars and generate a better research output. The study shows how HEIs can institutionalise research, making it a part of its culture and mindset. The study has implications for the authorities and government bodies also, as the research productivity has a socio‐economic impact on national development.
Gender differences in special educational needs identification
Authors: Daniel Johny , Wang Hsin
Published: November 2023

This study aims to investigate gender differences in the identification for special educational needs services within the context of England. Gender disparities in disability identification have long been of concern, impacting tailored support and opportunities for female students. By utilising population‐level data, we seek to ascertain the presence and extent of these gender differences, aligning our findings with existing literature and addressing gaps in knowledge about sex ratio differences in several disability categories. We conducted descriptive analyses of publicly accessible UK government datasets. In our study, we examine how gender differences have evolved over time, and vary across regions, disability types and educational phases (i.e., nursery, primary or secondary). Our observation of the data suggests persistent under‐identification of females compared to males across time, disability categories, across different regions and educational phases.
Single‐Atom Ru Alloyed with Ni Nanoparticles Boosts CO2 Methanation
Authors: Zhang Tengfei , Zheng Peng , Gao Jiajian , Han Zhennan , Gu Fangna , Xu Wenqing , Li Lina , Zhu Tingyu , Zhong Ziyi , Xu Guangwen , Su Fabing
Published: November 2023

Designing catalysts to proceed with catalytic reactions along the desired reaction pathways, e.g., CO2 methanation, has received much attention but remains a huge challenge. This work reports one Ru1Ni single‐atom alloy (SAA) catalyst (Ru1Ni/SiO2) prepared via a galvanic replacement reaction between RuCl3 and Ni nanoparticles (NPs) derived from the reduction of Ni phyllosilicate (Ni‐ph). Ru1Ni/SiO2 achieved much improved selectivity toward hydrogenation of CO2 to CH4 and catalytic activity (Turnover frequency (TOF) value: 40.00 × 10−3 s−1), much higher than those of Ni/SiO2 (TOF value: 4.40 × 10−3 s−1) and most reported Ni‐based catalysts (TOF value: 1.03 × 10−3–11.00 × 10−3 s−1). Experimental studies verify that Ru single atoms are anchored onto the Ni NPs surface via the Ru1–Ni coordination accompanied by electron transfer from Ru1 to Ni. Both in situ experiments and theoretical calculations confirm that the interface sites of Ru1Ni‐SAA are the intrinsic active sites, which promote the direct dissociation of CO2 and lower the energy barrier for the hydrogenation of CO* intermediate, thereby directing and enhancing the CO2 hydrogenation to CH4.
Lateral torsional buckling of I‐section simply supported beams with stepped height
Authors: Trinh Duy Khanh , Nguyen Dinh Hoa , Bui Hung Cuong , Nguyen Minh Tuyen
Published: November 2023

Variable cross‐section beams are widely used, especially I‐section stepped beams with variable height, which have benefits such as saving materials to match the moment diagrams, reducing the structure height, and access for technical services. However, lowering the beam height also leads to a significant decrease in lateral torsional buckling resistance. Currently, the standards do not provide calculation rules for this type of beam yet, and some studies on lateral torsional buckling of beams have only focused on those with varying flange width and thickness while keeping the beam height constant. This article introduces an approximate formula to determine the critical moment of simply supported I‐section beams when the height varies. The proposed formula is validated by comparing with finite element simulation results obtained by COMSOL Multiphysics 5.6. The evaluation shows that the formula has a low coefficient of variation and high coefficient of determination, ensuring its reliability.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumour and its systemic effects in a dog
Authors: de Souza Kássia Maria , de Dória Phillipe Bauer de Araújo , de Leme Vinicius de Souza , de Moraes Renata Mourão , Degani Viviane Alexandre Nunes
Published: November 2023

Gastrointestinal stromal tumours are mesenchymal‐origin tumours previously misclassified as leiomyosarcomas in dogs. They are uncommon in dogs; however, their prevalence may have been underestimated. The systemic effects of gastrointestinal stromal tumours in dogs need to be better understood. This case report describes the systemic complications and treatment of a dog with paraneoplastic hypoglycaemia and transient hyperglycaemia caused by gastrointestinal stromal tumours.
Wheat Sequencing: The Pan-Genome and Opportunities for Accelerating Breeding
Authors: N’Diaye Amidou , Walkowiak Sean , Pozniak Curtis
Published: November 2023

Wheat is a crucial crop globally, with widespread cultivation and significant economic importance. To ensure food security amidst the increasing human population and new production challenges, such as climate change, it is imperative to develop novel wheat varieties that exhibit better quality, higher yield, and enhanced resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. To achieve this, leveraging comprehensive genomic resources from global breeding programs can aid in identifying within-species allelic diversity and selecting optimal allele combinations for superior cultivars. While previous single-reference genome assemblies have facilitated gene discovery and whole-genome level genotype–phenotype relationship modeling, recent research on variations within the pan-genome of all individuals in a plant species underscores their significance for crop breeding. We summarize the different approaches and techniques used for sequencing the large and intricate wheat genome, while highlighting the challenge of generating high-quality reference assemblies. We discuss the computational methods for building the pan-genome and research efforts that are aimed at utilizing the wheat pan-genome in wheat breeding programs.
The Information Disorder Level (IDL) Index: A Human-Based Metric to Assess the Factuality of Machine-Generated Content
Authors: Dierickx Laurence , Lindén Carl-Gustav , Opdahl Andreas L.
Published: November 2023

Large language models have enabled the rapid production of misleading or fake narratives, presenting a challenge for direct detection methods. Considering that generative artificial intelligence tools are likely to be used either to inform or to disinform, evaluating the (non)human nature of machine-generated content is questioned, especially regarding the ‘hallucination’ phenomenon, which relates to generated content that does not correspond to real-world input. In this study, we argue that assessing machine-generated content is most reliable when done by humans because doing so involves critical consideration of the meaning of the information and its informative, misinformative or disinformative value, which is related to the accuracy and reliability of the news. To explore human-based judgement methods, we developed the Information Disorder Level (IDL) index, a language-independent metric to evaluate the factuality of machine-generated content. It has been tested on a corpus of forty made-up and actual news stories generated with ChatGPT. For newsrooms using generative AI, results suggest that every piece of machine-generated content should be vetted and post-edited by humans before being published. From a digital media literacy perspective, the IDL index is a valuable tool to understand the limits of generative AI and trigger a reflection on what constitutes the factuality of a reported event.
Black hole perturbation theory and multiple polylogarithms
Authors: Aminov Gleb , Arnaudo Paolo , Bonelli Giulio , Grassi Alba , Tanzini Alessandro
Published: November 2023

Abstract

We study black hole linear perturbation theory in a four-dimensional Schwarzschild (anti) de Sitter background. When dealing with a positive cosmological constant, the corresponding spectral problem is solved systematically via the Nekrasov-Shatashvili functions or, equivalently, classical Virasoro conformal blocks. However, this approach can be more complicated to implement for certain perturbations if the cosmological constant is negative. For these cases, we propose an alternative method to set up perturbation theory for both small and large black holes in an analytical manner. Our analysis reveals a new underlying recursive structure that involves multiple polylogarithms. We focus on gravitational, electromagnetic, and conformally coupled scalar perturbations subject to Dirichlet and Robin boundary conditions. The low-lying modes of the scalar sector of gravitational perturbations and its hydrodynamic limit are studied in detail.