bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Model of Local Government Administrative Service in a New Normal Pattern of Behavior Era in Indonesia
Authors: Polyando Petrus , Kartiw
Published: June 2021

This study departs from a new habitual adaptation movement that changes people's social interactions as a rational choice amid the threat of the Covid-19 outbreak. The purpose of this article is to test empirically that the current model of local government administrative services in the archipelagic sub-districts is very inefficient and less productive so that it has an impact on meeting the basic needs of the community comfortably and fairly. Furthermore, this study offers a new model for Duo-TM, namely Temu Muka dan Temu Mesin. This article shows the need for an empirical study in the development of a local government administrative service model to trace geographic difficulties and risks due to the Covid-19 outbreak. This is especially relevant if the author refers to the reasons for the massive change in various social dimensions and forces the adaptation of new habits. On the other hand, the era of the 4.0 industrial revolution places the power of technology and information as a means for innovating services that are comfortable, fast, inexpensive, and of high quality.
Preventing Post-Conflict Terrorism in Poso through Message of Peace: A Case Study of Peace-Striving Khalifah Group
Authors: Khairil Muhammad , Alatas Raisa , Sari Dyah Fitria Kartika , Fadhliah
Published: June 2021

This study discussed a Peace-Striving Khalifah Group which consisted of several former convicts of terrorism case of Poso conflict. This study used a qualitative approach with case study method. The results revealed that the motivators and the activators of the Peace-Striving Khalifah Group were using a cultural message model at the self-disclosure stage. The cultural approach was used as a whole. While the psychological approach was not recognized as an initial route by motivators. The ideologies of the former terrorist convicts who were members of the Peace-Striving Khalifah Group were filled with issues of Khilafah, Pancasila, Thaghut and Takfir. One of the conveyed messages models of the group was peaceful-style religious da’wah which included inclusive da'wah messages and respect to the diversity of the people. The role of da’wah brought by the group thought a kind and soothing da’wah which is respected the people.
Hate Crime in the News: The Media’s Role in Agenda Setting
Authors: Collins Codey J. , Orr Douglas A. , Zschau Toralf
Published: June 2021

Examining the extant literature on hate crimes shows that there has been an evolutionary process of Hate Crime legislation (HC). Similar to other social movements such as civil rights, the hate crime movement also had various waves which eventually lead to the passage of legislation. By and large, however, HC research has focused on victims and offenders of hate crimes as well as motivations of bias. Moreover, less research has been done on the media’s portrayal and coverage of HC. Since the media is a noted influencer in social issues (Culotta, 2002; Quisenberry, 2001), we sought to answer how the news media are reporting incidences of hate crimes – particularly LGBTQ+- and compare them with official crime statistics reported by law enforcement agencies. In order to answer these questions, our research utilized a qualitative content analysis using QSR NVivo 12.0 to identify potential themes and trends which may be overlooked in simple quantitative methods. Our dataset comes from the Hate Crime Index ("ProPublica," 2018), for the month of June 2018. Official FBI data is also utilized for comparison, spanning from 2012 to 2016. Our results suggest that the media reports HC within an overall internal Agenda Setting Orientation. During analysis, two main themes were identified that show the (i) media report both the failures and challenges of law enforcement in dealing with HC issue and, (ii) that media highlights various best practices some agencies engage in. Limitations and future research directions are discussed.
Prevention of Crime in the Context of Ethno-Social Relations
Authors: Tileubergenov Yerazak Manapovich , Tuleyev Serik Turlybekovich , Saduakassov Sharap Seitkasymovich
Published: June 2021

In this article, the authors examine the importance of crime prevention in the context of ethno-social relations. The problem of interethnic interaction is extremely important for any multi-ethnic state. Interethnic contacts are not always positive, which is why the problem of interethnic conflicts is one of the most important and relevant areas of research in modern social sciences. Ethnic conflicts objectively lie on the line of differences between ethnic groups, the subjective basis of which is ethnic identity. The theory of crime and the ways of its prevention is investigated on the basis of the program-target approach. Throughout the research, the authors come to the conclusion that in order to overcome the crime, it is vital to target the most vulnerable groups and implements special programs. As a result of the targeting approach, the ethno-social tensions could be overcome and minimize the proliferation of crime
Balancing research goals and community expectations
Authors: Edmonds Rosalie
Published: June 2021

This article explores the possibilities that arise from combining participant observation with body camera recording, through the analysis of the use of a GoPro to study communication at a Cameroonian wildlife sanctuary. The original goal of this research project was to use both video recording and participant observation as separate methodologies in order to understand how Cameroonian animal keepers and European volunteers at the Limbe Wildlife Centre worked across linguistic and ideological barriers to rehabilitate chimpanzees. However, increased participant observation became necessary due both to research participants’ expectations that the researcher contribute to daily work activities, as well as the logistical difficulties of recording highly-mobile work in a loud, wet, and potentially dangerous environment. To negotiate these expectations and constraints, the researcher wore a body camera while working alongside research participants, allowing her to capture a first-person perspective as she assisted animal keepers and volunteers in cleaning enclosures and caring for animals. Although the use of a body camera posed certain complications in terms of both audio quality and camera placement, participating while recording provided a unique window into participants’ daily work experiences, and helped the researcher build strong, mutually beneficial relationships at the field site. For these reasons, this article argues that body cameras create new possibilities for both capturing first-person perspectives in mobile settings, and for allowing researchers to more fully collaborate with their participants.
The participation role of the researcher as a co-operative achievement
Authors: Goico Sara
Published: June 2021

In this paper, I examine my role as a researcher doing video-based fieldwork in mainstream classrooms with deaf youths in Iquitos, Peru through the lens of participation frameworks that emerged within moments of situated interaction. While conducting video-based fieldwork, I attempted to primarily occupy the role of a passive participant-observer in order to capture the deaf students’ everyday interactions with minimal interference from the researcher. As I will develop in the paper, it is evident that my status within the classroom participation frameworks was dynamic. While I often was not attended to in the participation framework and positioned as a ratified overhearer of the unfolding interaction, my status could quickly shift as the students and teacher responded to my presence. Moments when my status in the participation framework changed make visible the various roles that I occupied in the classroom, from an observer, to a confidant, to an authority figure. Through interactional extracts, I illustrate how the roles that I occupy in the classroom social ecology are a moment-by-moment co-operative achievement between members of the class and myself.
The researcher’s participant roles in ethical data collection of Autistic interaction
Authors: Chen Rachel S.Y.
Published: June 2021

The method of participant-observation is fundamental to ethnomethodological, ethnographic video-based fieldwork. Collecting data of the embodied interactions of non-speaking Autistic individuals surfaces questions that are central to the nature of video-based fieldwork: What are the technical and interactional challenges of navigating the researcher’s multiple participant roles during data collection? What are ethical issues that arise with emergent participant roles during data collection? Grounded in two contrasting pieces of data—one of two siblings in a display of intimacy, and another of a student displaying distress—this paper examines the multiple participant roles the EMCA researcher navigates moment-by-moment during the data collection process. Studying these roles unearths participant orientations to the camera, the complex interactional work undertaken by the researcher, and ethical dilemmas when the positionality of the researcher becomes blurred.
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity (Ks) Of Earth Materials In The Weathering Profile Over A Porphyritic Biotite Granite At The Kuala Lumpur - Karak Highway In Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Kuna Raj John
Published: June 2021

Three broad zones can be differentiated within the weathering profile over porphyritic biotite granite at Km 31 of the Kuala Lumpur - Karak Highway. The top Zone I (pedological soil) is 12 m thick and comprises A, B and C soil horizons; the C horizon (saprolite) being a clayey sand with indistinct relict bedrock textures. The intermediate Zone II (saprock) is some 30 m thick and consists of silty sands that indistinctly to distinctly preserve the minerals, textures and structures of the original granite. Zone II can be differentiated into four sub-zones; the upper II A and II B sub-zones marked by an absence of core boulders, whilst the lower II C and II D sub-zones have some to many core-boulders. The bottom Zone III (bedrock), whose upper surface is marked by an unconfined groundwater table, is a continuous granite outcrop with effects of weathering along and between discontinuity planes. Constant head permeability tests show saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) to vary with depth and texture; clayey sand from saprolite having a conductivity of 0.2420 cm/hr and silty sand from sub-zone II B, a conductivity of 0.7464 cm/hr. Silty sands from sub-zone II D have saturated hydraulic conductivity values of 1.5313, and 1.9585, cm/hr, whilst a silty sand from sub-zone II C has a conductivity of 4.1131 cm/hr due to it being collected at a relict pegmatite pod. Regression analyses show variable trends with low to moderate correlation coefficients (R2 <0.600) for hydraulic conductivity versus index properties as clay and sand contents, but large correlation coefficients (R2 >0.820) for hydraulic conductivity versus physical properties as dry unit weight and void ratio.
Estimation Of Mechanical Properties Of Sandstones From Petrographic Characteristics Using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)
Authors:   Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran, Abdi Yasin , Yusefi-Yegane Bijan , Jamshidi Amin
Published: June 2021

The accurate determination of strength parameters of rocks such as uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and elastic modulus (E) using direct and laboratory methods require substantial time and cost. Therefore, the production of predictive relationships and models to forecast the UCS and E is of critical necessity in rock engineering. This study deals with the estimation of UCS and E of sandstones from petrographic characteristics by an artificial neural network (ANN) and multiple regression. For this purpose, 130 core specimens were prepared from sandstones in different locations in Iran. The specimens were tested to determine UCS, E, dry density, and porosity. Also, the petrographic studies including the determination of 11 textural and mineralogy parameters were performed on selected samples. The performance of the ANN model and regression analysis was evaluated using the criteria such as correlation coefficient (R), root mean squared error (RMSE), and variance account for (VAF). According to the ANN results, values of R, RMSE, and VAF were obtained to be 0.925, 0.089, and 97% for UCS and 0.876, 0.094, and 96% for E, respectively. In comparison, for the MLR model, the obtained R, RMSE, and VAF were 0.845, 0.101, and 95% for UCS and 0.797, 0.116, and 93% for E, respectively. A comparison between the findings illustrated that the ANN model was more suitable for forecasting the UCS and E compared with the MLR method.
Geotourism Potential Of Akre Area, Duhok Governorate, Iraqi Kurdistan Region
Authors:   Department of Geology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Iraqi Kurdistan Region, Asaad Irfan Sh. , Balaky Sardar M. ,   Department of Petroleum Geosciences, Faculty of Science, Soran University, Iraqi Kurdistan Region
Published: June 2021

Geotourism potential of Akre district in Duhok Governorate, Kurdistan region, northern Iraq is studied in detail. Sixteen geotourism sites were investigated, which are divided into three sub-areas according to their geographical positions. All the tourism sites are located in the northern mountainous part of the High Folded Zone due to their variations from the southern part (Low Folded Zone) in geology, geomorphology, hydrology and tectonic settings. Based on comparison with the Potential Touristic Use (P.T.U) characters, most of the studied geosites have medium correspondence with the P.T.U characters, except three sites i.e. Sipa Akre waterfall, Kani Zark spring and Sipa Bjeel waterfall that have good correspondence. This is because they are reachable by pavement roads and can be easily managed and developed by the local people, in addition to their magical landscapes. The Gali Zenta and Guske resorts have very clear geological elements, particularly the famous massive bitumen seeps within the Zenta valley, and this make their correspondence to the P.T.U characters acceptable despite having bad roads and not progressing very well. The Dinarta sub-area geosite, in spite of its specular view and adaptation for tourism vacancy, has low to medium correspondence to the P.T.U characters due to having the worst roads, and are not developed by any local investors and governments in addition to property problems and remoteness from environmental and cultural sites. H2S rich springs are neglected in the whole Kurdistan region although they have a high economic value by way of balneotherapy. Therefore, the Bekhma and Heshtka hot springs has obtained a very low ratio. The mountainous and caves sites also obtained a low ratio, as the mountain landscapes are neglected particularly for winter tourism, and lack of investment for cave tourism, respectively.
Geohazard Investigation On Gas Cloud Distribution At ‘B’ Field (Channel Influence)
Authors:   Center of Excellence in Subsurface Seismic Imaging & Hydrocarbon Prediction (CSI), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia, Hasni Norazif Anuar , Shahman Nur Shafiqah , Ab Talib Jasmi , Ghosh Deva Prasad
Published: June 2021

Sedimentary rock deposition occur in very fast rates in offshore basin and might cause shallow subsurface geohazards that will incur high risk and increase cost of drilling operations. In general, offshore geohazards consist of a variety of geological features that contribute potential risks to the labour force, offshore amenities including the environment and surrounding areas due to the consequences of long or short period of geological processes. Therefore, further study need to be done properly in terms of geohazards classification that is significant to the offshore oil and gas developments in the Malay Basin (Bujang Field, refer Figure 1); such as shallow gas, gas hydrate, shallow water flow, slumping, landslides, faulting, pockmarks and liquefaction. To mitigate the point of costly drilling and safety risks, several techniques are needed during data gathering to visualize, interpret and identify the potential shallow drilling hazards. Besides, to a geoscientist, data integration and modelling techniques can be used to analyse the structural and physical circumstances of shallow subsurface. At the same time, gas models and geohazards map can be established based on seabed hazard analysis from seismic data to plan secure wells. Several seismic attributes such as instantaneous phase, instantaneous frequency, remove bias and envelope (reflection strength) had been used for channel detection. For gas cloud identification, seismic attributes such as remove bias, instantaneous phase, Chaos and RMS (Root Mean Square) amplitude are used. Besides that, spectral decomposition technique are used to display channel systems and other stratigraphic features in the field. Generally, this paper will explain about the meaning of geohazards in the oil and gas industry, the types of geohazards, general geohazards analysis, and will focuss on the identification of gas cloud through channel structure by applying several seismic attributes on specific parameters. All of this will be related to geohazards perspective and consequently, precautions can be undertaken systematically.
A New Method To Estimate Resistivity Distribution Of Shaly Sand Reservoirs Using New Seismic Attributes
Authors:   Center of Excellence in Subsurface Seismic Imaging & Hydrocarbon Prediction (CSI), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia, Salleh Nur Farhana , Hermana Maman , Ghosh Deva Prasad
Published: June 2021

A subsurface resistivity model is important in hydrocarbon exploration primarily in the controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) method. CSEM forward modelling workflow uses resistivity model as the main input in feasibility studies and inversion process. The task of building a shaly sand resistivity model becomes more complex than clean sand due to the presence of a shale matrix. In this paper, a new approach is introduced to model a robust resistivity property of shaly sand reservoirs. A volume of seismic data and three wells located in the K-field of offshore Sarawak is provided for this study. Two new seismic attributes derived from seismic attenuation property called SQp and SQs are used as main inputs to predict the volume of shale, effective porosity, and water saturation before resistivity estimation. SQp attribute has a similar response to gamma-ray indicating the lithological variation and SQs attribute is identical to resistivity as an indicator to reservoir fluids. The petrophysical predictions are performed by solving the mathematical step-wise regression between the seismic multi-attributes and predicted petrophysical properties at the well locations. Subsequently, resistivity values are estimated using the Poupon-Leveaux (Indonesia) equation, an improvised model from Archie’s to derive the mathematical relationship of shaly sand’s resistivity to the volume and resistivity of clay matrix in shaly sand reservoirs. The resistivity modeled from the predicted petrophysical properties distributed consistently with sand distribution delineated from SQp attribute mainly in southeast, northeast, and west regions. The gas distribution of the net sand modeled by 5% and 90% of gas saturation scenarios also changed correspondingly to SQs attribute anomaly indicating the consistent fluid distribution between the modeled resistivity and SQs attribute.
Late Pleistocene Climate Variation On The Khorat Plateau, Northeastern Thailand Inferred From The Remnants Of Sand Dunes
Authors:   Morphology of Earth Surface and Advanced Geohazards in Southeast Asia Research Unit (MESA RU), Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand, Ngernkerd Patcharaporn , Choowong Montri , Choowong Nutcha , Surakiatchai Peerasit
Published: June 2021

The preservation of terrestrial dune field in a tropical region is rare and relies significantly on the degree of weathering process, humidity and anthropogenic condition. In this paper, we report the remnants of sand dunes that is uncovered from Thungkula Ronghai (TKR) dune field in the southern part of the Khorat Plateau, northeastern Thailand. We reveal, for the first time, the results of systematic geomorphological, sedimentological and chronological analyzes of barchanoid ridges and parabolic dunes found on terraces of the Mun and the Chi Rivers. Interpretation in a series of 1952 aerial photographs, satellite images coupled with Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) survey, and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating were applied. As a result, we found remnants of mega-barchanoid ridges and isolated parabolic dunes varying in height from 1-2 m with maximum length of 4 km, locally distributed in between terraces of the Mun and Chi Rivers, the middle to eastern part of TKR. Dune shapes include lobate, en-echelon and elongate partially overlying on crevasse sand splay, meandered scar, paleo-channel, mid-channel bar of the fluvial depositional sequences. Orientation of all dunes is in NW-SE direction reflecting the formation was due to the prevailing NW monsoon wind. Transition from barchanoid ridge to parabolic dune was observed. Preliminary OSL dating reveals the deposition of sand dunes occurred between 45 to 28 ka. This age range can be inferred to a warmer and drier period occurred in Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS3) before the Last Glacial Maximum.
Rainfalls And Salinity Effects On Fecal Coliform Most Probable Number (MPN) Index Distribution In A Beach Ridge-Shore Ridge System In Mengabang Telipot, Terengganu, Malaysia
Authors:   Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, University Malaysia Terengganu, 20130 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia, Sathiamurthy Edlic , Kwa Kian Min ,   Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, University Malaysia Terengganu, 20130 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia, Ishak Muhammad Zulhilmi , Nagappan Lalitha , Yong Jaw Chuen
Published: June 2021

A Holocene beach ridge and present day shore ridge system located in a rural area north east of Kuala Terengganu was studied. The relation between fecal coliform (FC) MPN Index (Most Probable Number) distribution with rainfalls and saline intrusions into the unconfined aquifer of the beach ridge–shore ridge system was examined. The probable primary source of the pollutants was also investigated in order to highlight the susceptibility of such aquifers to pollution. Six sampling sessions were made from September 2009 to January 2010. Three represent drier conditions and the other 3, heavier rainfalls corresponding to the northeast monsoon season. This sampling period represent a condition when this area was still not subjected to major coastal erosions and subsequent rock revetment work. Altogether, water samples were taken from 13 wells and 3 river stations. Physical-chemical measurements were made in-situ, while FC was tested at UMT laboratory. Essentially, the results indicated that the groundwater in the unconfined aquifer layer of the beach ridge was moderately to highly polluted with FC (up to 1600 MPN). In contrast, the shore ridge was only slightly polluted, whereas river stations had mixed conditions but generally worse than the beach ridge and shore ridge. These phenomena could be associated with salinity spatial-temporal variations. Samples from heavy rainfall conditions indicated lower pollution levels compared to drier conditions. This phenomenon could be associated with the availability of more infiltrated atmospheric water to dilute pollutants in a high hydraulic conductivity environment as the ridges are made of fine to coarse sands. The results underscore the sensitivity of such environment to pollution transport and distribution and hence implied special attention with regards to water resource management.
UPRAVLJANJE PROMENAMA U BANKARSKOJ INDUSTRIJI POD UTICAJEM PANDEMIJE COVID 19
Authors: Radović Milan , Zelenović Vera , Vitomir Jelena
Published: June 2021

Uspešnost neke promene valorizuje se novim stanjem, a da li će do njega doći zavisi od više uticajnih faktora: okoline, upravljanja, znanja, volje za promenom, otpora promenama, preduzetničkog duha, motivacije, rizika. Upravljanje promenama i donošenje ispravnih odluka je mnogo lakše kada je poznat put koji se nalazi ispred menadžera. U nepredviĎenim situacijama, poput pandemije na globalnom nivou Covid 19, dolazi do izražaja spremnost banaka da momentalno odgovore na postavljene izazove i upravljaju promenama koje prete da ih preteknu, ukoliko odgovori ne budu adekvatni i blagovremeni, što je i predmet ovog istraživanja. Cilj istraživanja je da ukaže koliki je značaj da se banke u hodu počnu prestrojavati i upravljati promenama na način koji će im omogućiti opstanak na tržištu. Za one banke koje nisu bile spremne za promene, izgubljene su nove poslovne prilike, zadovoljstvo kupaca i zaposleni su bili neefikasni.
Rapport fra befaring og registrering på Fella, Vatnan og Gåshopen i Hammerfest kommune, Finnmark fylke 2019
Authors: Damm Charlotte , Skandfer Marianne , Vollan Kenneth Webb Berg
Published: June 2021

I forbindelse med forskningsprosjektet Stone Age Demographics ble det i 2019 foretatt befaring og registrering på tre steder i Sørøysund i Vestfinnmark: Fella, Vatnan og Gåshopen. To av områdene var fra tidligere kjent som rike på kulturminner, mens det bare var få registrert på det siste området. Det viste seg at alle 3 områder markerer seg med særdeles mange kulturminner fra steinalderen.

I denne rapporten presenteres samtlige av disse kulturminner og det redegjøres både for tidligere beskrivelser og undersøkelser samt for hvordan strukturer og landskap fremstår i dag.
Mussel-Inspired Underwater Adhesives- from Adhesion Mechanisms to Engineering Applications: A Critical Review
Authors: Ma Yanfei , Zhang Bozhen , Frenkel Imri , Zhang Zhizhi , Pei Xiaowei , Zhou Feng , He Ximin
Published: June 2021

Recent progress in the adhesion mechanism of mussels has led to great excitement in the field of adhesive materials. Although great progress has been made in the mussel adhesion mechanism and underwater adhesives, there are still many unknowns and challenges in this area. Thus, it is
highly important to review the recent progress in mechanisms of mussel adhesion and mussel-inspired adhesives and predict trends for the future. In this review, we (1) summarize the research progress in fundamental interaction mechanisms in natural mussels; (2) discuss the application of the
mussel interaction mechanism in the biomimetic mussel adhesive materials, from permanent/high-strength adhesives to temporary/smart adhesives; (3) briefly state the potential applications of the mussel-inspired adhesives in multiple fields, such as engineering applications, smart robotics
and biomedicine; (4) summarize the future perspectives and unsolved challenges of mussel adhesion mechanisms and mussel-inspired adhesive materials. We envision that this review will provide an insightful perspective in understanding the mussel adhesion mechanism and directions to further
explore, and promote the development of novel biomimetic mussel adhesive materials.
Comparative Evaluation of Different Antioxidants on Reversal of Microtensile Bond Strength of Composite Resin in Endodontically Treated Tooth Surface
Authors: Bharti Ramesh , Chandra Anil
Published: June 2021

Introduction: The use of Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) as an endodontic irrigant changes the properties of dentine and lowers the bond strength of resin cements to dentine. But it can be reversed by the use of antioxidants. Aim: To evaluate the effect of different antioxidants for restoring adhesion potential/reversal of microtensile bond strength of dentin of the pulp chamber treated with NaOCl and Ethylenediaminetetracetic Acid (EDTA). Materials and Methods: It was a laboratory based experimentalin-vitro study in which 40 freshly extracted human incisors were selected and cut to expose the pulp chamber dentin. The specimens were distributed into five groups: Group I samples were irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl for 30 minutes followed by 17% EDTA for 3 minutes and final rinse was done with 5.25% NaOCl (Positive control). Group II samples were treated with distilled water only (Negative control). In Group III, samples were treated same as in group I followed by 10% Sodium Ascorbate (SA) for 10 minute. Samples of group IV samples were also treated as in group I followed by application of 5% solution of Alpha tocopherol with for 10 minutes. Group V samples were treated same as in group I followed by rinse with 5% solution of Sodium Thiosulphate (Na2S2O3) for 10 minutes. Composite resin build up was performed and interface was tested by using Universal testing machine for Microtensile bond strength. The resulting data was analysed by one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Mann-Whitney U test (p<0.05). Results: The results demonstrated that irrigation with 5.25% NaOCl and 17% EDTA produce significant (p<0.05) reduction in resin dentin bond strength but this can be reversed by application of 5% Na2S2O3. Highest bond strength was observed in group V (22.38±0.84) and lowest for group I (15.38±1.22). Conclusion: Dentin bond strength was significantly reduced when bonding was performed immediately after use of NaOCl. Use of antioxidants after final irrigation with NaOCl can be recommended for better bonding of composite resin.
Lymphangioma of the Tongue: A Review
Authors: Mustafa Ahmed Hassan
Published: June 2021

lymphangioma is considered as a congenital hamartomatous malformation of the lymphatic system, it is more prevalent in the maxillofacial region. Oral lymphangiomas are rare but if it occurs, the tongue is the most commonly affected site, rarely on other sites such as the palate, gingiva and alveolar ridge of the mandible. This study aims to throw light on lymphangioma of the tongue regarding pathogenesis, clinical signs and symptoms, and the different treatment modalities. Although lymphangioma is benign and its occurrence in the tongue extremely rare, health care providers including general dental practitioners must be vigilant and aware of the presence of such lesion to promote a precise diagnosis. So that, proper treatment can be delivered for this lesion, to avoid serious complications that might occur when it becomes traumatised or infected, in which case it obstructs the airway and leads to the death of the patient, if not promptly rescued.
Assessment of Awareness and Behavioural Patterns among Children Regarding COVID-19
Authors: Kalaskar Ritesh , Balasubramanian Shruti , Kalaskar Ashita
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread like wildfire across the globe affecting all the age-groups. Children usually present with mild symptoms or may even remain asymptomatic. Due to the asymptomatic presentation, they may act as silent carriers and aid in the spread of infection, hence prompting greater vigilance. Therefore, it becomes imperative to increase awareness among children and alter their habits in order to curb the pandemic. Aim: This study aimed to assess the level of awareness among children regarding coronavirus infection and the behavioural changes they wish to make post-COVID-19. Additionally, it also recorded the recommendations of children for their schools to curb the COVID-19 infection. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 246 private school going children across India in 9-15 years age group. Questionnaire was circulated via online platform which assessed the level of awareness regarding COVID-19, its influence on their behavioural patterns and recommendations of children for their schools. The mean knowledge scores were recorded for first part and chi-square test was employed to evaluate the changes in behaviour before and after COVID-19 for second part. For the third part, percentage for each response was determined. Data was compiled in MS Office Excel sheet (version 2019, Microsoft Redmond Campus, Redmond, Washington, United States). Statistical analysis was performed on Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16.0( SPSS) software. Results: The average knowledge score was 85.50%. This increased awareness among children was reflected in the statistically significant difference in their behavioural patterns before and after COVID-19 (p-value <0.05) and also in the recommendations given by children to their schools. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is a pioneer study assessing the awareness of COVID-19 in children and its impact on their behaviour pattern. Children showed good knowledge about COVID-19 with the average knowledge score of the entire sample being 85.50% and also wished to make changes in their behaviour post-COVID-19. Additionally, schools are also required to make numerous amendments in their functioning in order to provide a safe environment. This study will serve as a basis for future awareness programmes which could be directed towards children belonging to various socioeconomic status and educational backgrounds highlighting the aspects in which they lack knowledge.
Evaluation of Salivary C-Reactive Protein and Psychological Factors in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Patil Shruti Anand , Aditya Amita , Jangam Daya K
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Aetiology and pathogenesis of Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) has been focus of research since a long time and various aetiological factors like autoimmunity, heredity, drugs, dental materials, psychological factors, especially stress and anxiety have been reported to be associated with this disease. Few studies in past have found significant elevations in C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels in individuals who reported to be having chronic stress. Both altered salivary CRP levels and psychological stress have been reported in OLP patients. To the best of our knowledge no such studies have been conducted in past, so a need was felt to conduct a study to evaluate and also correlate salivary CRP and psychological factors in OLP patients. Aim: To evaluate salivary CRP and psychological factors and assess only possible correlation between them in patients with OLP. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included of two groups: Group A- consisting of 33 individuals clinically diagnosed with OLP and Group B- consisting of 33, age and gender matched healthy individuals. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used for all the participants to evaluate the psychological factors. Salivary CRP levels were evaluated using Mispa i2 Nephelometry. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software. Results: Mean salivary CRP value among cases was 3.42±2.786 and among controls was 2.84±.848. Mean HADS score among cases was 6.60±2.796 and among controls was 2.70±.948. Mean Salivary CRP and HADS values were higher in OLP patients compared to controls. However, no statistical significant association could be established between CRP and HADS in patients with OLP (p=0.200). Conclusion: No correlation between psychological status and CRP levels could be established in patients with OLP. CRP couldbe used as a diagnostic marker in oral premalignantlesions.
Step Wise Management of Asyndromic Tooth Agenesis with Ankyloglossia: A Case Report
Authors: Gadve Vandana R , Dhote Vijaya S
Published: June 2021

Ankyloglossia or tongue tie refers to restricted tongue movements, diagnosed in early childhood and adolescence that may cause changes in bone growth and other orofacial tissues results in altered oral functions of the child. It also affects speech, mastication and oral hygiene as well as social environment. Patients with oligodontia and tongue tie may have psychological, aesthetic, phonetic and functional problems. A rare case of female child patient with congenital partial anodontia and associated ankyloglossia with its comprehensive step wise multidisciplinary management is presented. The patient was advised for frenectomy to relieve tongue tie and functional fixed aesthetic space maintainer at an early age and was followed-up to be treated with definitive implant prosthesis with respect to the missing teeth. Early treatment and follow-up is the key to successful rehabilitation of young patients with congenitally missing teeth and ankyloglossia. It is imperative that oral rehabilitation be started as early as possible to maintain and correct the oral functions. This clinical report describes a successful aesthetic, functional, and psychological rehabilitation of a young adolescent girl with partial anodontia in mandibular anterior region and associated extensive tongue tie with step by step surgical and prosthetic management in accordance with the physical growth pattern of patient. It also offers guidelines for comprehensive management which can be used by the treating pedodontist and oral surgeon for diagnosis and treatment of ankyloglossia and partial anodontia.
Prevalence of Malocclusion and its Relationship with Socio-demographic Factors, Dental Caries and Oral Hygiene Status in 12-15 Years Children of Lucknow City
Authors: Agarwal Avnica , Reddy Vamsi Krishna , Das Mayank , Khan Mohsin , Todkar Mandar
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Oral health diseases and disorders can negatively affect a children’s life. Malocclusion is defined as any irregularity in occlusion beyond the accepted. Malocclusion is the most common oral health problem which can cause dental decay, gum problems, and fluorosis as well. The causes of malocclusion can be genetic or environmental, along with other local factors like negative oral habits, dental abnormalities, shape and size of the teeth. Aim: To assess the prevalence of malocclusion and its relationship with socio-demographic factors, dental caries and oral hygiene status in 12-15 years old school children in Lucknow city. Materials and Methods: The present study was the descriptive cross-sectional study which was conducted in Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sardar Patel Post-Graduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.The study included 12-15 years old school children with sample of 851 students. Data was collected regarding socio-demographic factors, dental caries (World Health Organization (WHO) 2013), Oral Hygiene Index (OHI) status and Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) (WHO, 1997) to evaluate the relationship with malocclusion. Categorical data was tested for independence using Chi-square test and Multiple Non-Linear Regression analysis was used to find the association of malocclusion with socio-demographic details, oral hygiene status and dental caries and p-value significant was set at <0.05. Results: Total of 851 children participated in the study, out of which 403 were males and 448 were females. Malocclusion prevalence (i.e. DAI >25) among the study population was found to be 23.1%. Malocclusion was found to be significant with age (p-value <0.023), Socio-Economic Status (SES) (p-value<0.001), dental caries (p-value<0.001) and Oral Hygiene Index (OHI) (p-value<0.001). Conclusion: Malocclusion prevalence in the present study was found to be 23.1%. The prevalence of definite, severe and very severe (handicapped) malocclusion was 13.6%, 8.1% and 1.4%, respectively. However, positive relationship was found between the age, socio-economic status, OHI and dental caries with DAI.
Room‐Temperature Symmetric Giant Positive and Negative Electrocaloric Effect in PbMg0.5W0.5O3 Antiferroelectric Ceramic
Authors: Li Junjie , Wu Hong‐Hui , Li Jianting , Su Xiaopo , Yin Ruowei , Qin Shiqiang , Guo Dong , Su Yanjing , Qiao Lijie , Lookman Turab , Bai Yang
Published: June 2021

As an emerging solid‐state refrigeration technology with zero‐emission and high energy conversion efficiency, there is a compelling need for ferroelectric materials with giant electrocaloric effects (ECEs) at room temperature suitable for refrigeration applications. The complex perovskite antiferroelectric (AFE), PbMg0.5W0.5O3, containing non‐equivalent B‐site ions with a symmetric giant positive and negative ECE near room temperature is presented. At the Curie temperature of 36 °C, the first‐order AFE–paraelectric phase transition gives rise to a large enthalpy change of 3.92 J g−1, more than four times that of BaTiO3. This leads to a significant ECE under the influence of an electric field. The direct electrocaloric characterization shows that the adiabatic temperature change, ΔT, exhibits symmetric peaks with a giant positive maximum of 1.79 K (ΔS = 1.68 J kg−1 K−1) at 36 °C and a negative maximum of −2.02 K (ΔS = −1.93 J kg−1 K−1) at 34 °C. The ultrahigh magnitude of ΔT near room temperature makes PbMg0.5W0.5O3 a superior electrocaloric material far beyond traditional PbZrO3‐based AFEs. The coexistence of symmetric giant positive and negative ΔT to further improve cooling efficiency is expected. In addition, the good reversibility and negligible leakage current should pave the way for practical applications.
Tailored Local Bandgap Modulation as a Strategy to Maximize Luminescence Yields in Mixed‐Halide Perovskites
Authors: Feldmann Sascha , Neumann Timo , Ciesielski Richard , Friend Richard H. , Hartschuh Achim , Deschler Felix
Published: June 2021

Halide perovskites have emerged as high‐performance semiconductors for efficient optoelectronic devices, not least because of their bandgap tunability using mixtures of different halide ions. Here, temperature‐dependent photoluminescence microscopy with computational modelling is combined to quantify the impact of local bandgap variations from disordered halide distributions on the global photoluminescence yield in mixed‐halide perovskite films. It is found that fabrication temperature, surface energy, and charge recombination constants are keys for describing local bandgap variations and charge carrier funneling processes that control the photoluminescence quantum efficiency. It is reported that further luminescence efficiency gains are possible through tailored bandgap modulation, even for materials that have already demonstrated high luminescence yields. The work provides a novel strategy and fabrication guidelines for further improvement of halide perovskite performance in light‐emitting and photovoltaic applications.
Arothron: An R package for geometric morphometric methods and virtual anthropology applications
Authors: Antonio Profico , Costantino Buzi , Silvia Castiglione , Marina Melchionna , Paolo Piras , Alessio Veneziano , Pasquale Raia
Published: June 2021

Objectives

The statistical analysis of fossil remains is essential to understand the evolution of the genus Homo. Unfortunately, the human fossil record is straight away scarce and plagued with severe loss of information caused by taphonomic processes. The recently developed field of Virtual Anthropology helps to ameliorate this situation by using digital techniques to restore damaged and incomplete fossils.

Materials and methods

We present the package Arothron, an R software suite meant to process and analyze digital models of skeletal elements. Arothron includes tools to digitally extract virtual cavities such as cranial endocasts, to statistically align disarticulated or broken bony elements, and to visualize local variations between surface meshes and landmark configurations.

Results

We describe the main functionalities of Arothron and illustrate their usage through reproducible case studies. We describe a tool for segmentation of skeletal cavities by showing its application on a malleus bone, a Neanderthal tooth, and a modern human cranium, reproducing their shape and calculating their volume. We illustrate how to digitally align a disarticulated model of a modern human cranium, and how to combine piecemeal shape information on individual specimens into one. In addition, we present useful visualization tools by comparing the morphological differences between the right hemisphere of the Neanderthal and the modern human brain.

Conclusions

The Arothron R package is designed to study digital models of fossil specimens. By using Arothron, scientists can handle digital models with ease, investigate the inner morphology of 3D skeletal models, gain a full representation of the original shapes of damaged specimens, and compare shapes across specimens.
Hydrodynamic and electrical interactions in electrospinning of polymer fibers over a liquid collector
Authors: Li Shichen , Lee Bong‐Kee
Published: June 2021

This paper reports the morphology manipulation of electrospun polymer fibers using a rotating water collector. The hydrodynamic and electrical interactions of the employed liquid collector and electrospun fibers are investigated to reveal their effects on the fiber morphology. The experimental results show that hydrodynamic interaction is the dominant factor. Particularly, a higher flow velocity of the liquid collector produces a fiber mat with a larger area and lower density consisting of electrospun fibers with a smaller diameter and higher degree of alignment. By applying a rotation speed of 600 rpm, a fiber mat area can be increased by ~166% compared with the stationary solid collector while an area fraction is reduced to 45.2%. Furthermore, it is found that the electrical interaction only affects the area and density of the fiber mat. The higher electrical conductivity of the liquid collector leads to a smaller fiber mat area with higher fiber density. The present study offers a new paradigm for precisely manipulating the morphology of electrospun polymer fibers, thus leading to a broad range of applications.
Synthesis of Ultrathin and Grid‐Structural Carbon Nanosheets Coupled with Mo2C for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Du Qianqian , Zhao Ruihua , Chen Xiaojun , Liu Lu , Zhang Shaoyang , Guo Tianyu , Du Jianping , Li Jinping
Published: June 2021

Molybdenum carbide possessing a Pt‐like d‐band electronic structure is considered as one of potential candidates of electrocatalysts and it shows intrinsic catalytic property. However, a high carbonizing temperature easily leads to the coalescence of nanoparticles (NPs). Here, we propose a simple sol‐gel route to achieve high dispersity of carbide NPs by designing a Mo‐involved xerogel. The results show that molybdenum carbide NPs are dispersed and anchored on the nitrogen‐doped carbon nanosheets (Mo2C@NC). Ultrathin carbon layers resemble graphene and the network structures act as a support of carbide NPs, which can hinder NPs’ coalescence effectively. Nanpoparticles cross‐coupled on network‐structure nanosheets display the grid shapes. Electrochemical studies indicate that Mo2C@NC material exhibits outstanding hydrogen evolution performance in alkaline electrolyte.