bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru, Sarana Prasaranadan Budaya Sekolah terhadap Mutu Pendidikan di SMPN Perbatasan Aruk, Sajingan Besar
Authors: Dela Rilma Maya , Niron Maria Dominika
Published: February 2025

National assessment is a new measurement tool that determines the equality of education quality in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the effect of teacher pedagogical competence, facilities and infrastructure, and school culture on the quality of education and the achievement of national assessment results at SMPN Batas Aruk, Sajinga Besar District. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey research type, and the analysis is carried out statistically. The results of the study show that: (1) teacher pedagogical competence has a positive and significant effect on the quality of education related to the achievement of national assessment results in the literacy and numeracy aspects of 13.8% with a coefficient of 0.383, (2) facilities and infrastructure have a positive and significant effect on the quality of education related to the achievement of national assessment results in the literacy and numeracy aspects of 16.8% with a correlation coefficient of 0.421, (3) school culture has a positive and significant effect on the quality of education related to the achievement of national assessment results in the literacy and numeracy aspects of 15.5% with a correlation coefficient of 0.405, (4) teacher pedagogical competence, facilities and infrastructure, and school culture have a positive and significant effect on the quality of education at SMPN Batas Aruk, Sajingan District related to the achievement of national assessment results in the literacy and numeracy aspects of 25.9% with a correlation coefficient of 0.531. Thus, several of these factors require special attention to improve the quality of rural education as seen from the quality of educational output regarding students' mastery of literacy and numeracy skills.
Hubungan antara Kebiasaan Belajar dengan Hasil Belajar
Authors: Sainab Sainab
Published: February 2025

This research was conducted at SMA Negeri 2 Majene to know the relationship between study habits and the biology learning outcomes of students in class XI MIA SMA Negeri 2 Majene. This type of research is correlational research. The population in this research were all students of class XI MIA SMA Negeri 2 Majene, totaling 180 people. The cluster random sampling technique used the Slovin formula to determine the sampling technique so that the sample used was 124 people. Data collection on study habits used questionnaires that were distributed directly and data collection on learning outcomes using semester test scores (cognitive scores) of students. class XI MIA in biology lessons in the even semester of the 2021/2022 student year. The research data were analyzed using SPSS 23. The results of this study were there is a positive and significant relationship between study habits and biology learning outcomes for students of class XI MIA SMA Negeri 2 Majene as indicated by the value of the correlation coefficient (0.608) and the value of Sig. (0.000) <0.05.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Mystery Box terhadap Minat Belajar Siswadi SDN 22 Kota Bima
Authors: Oktafiani Dewi , Ayuspita Ela , Alwi Alwi , Setiawan Didi , Khatimah Husnul
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan media pembelajaran Mystery Box dalam meningkatkan minat belajar siswa di SDN 22 Jatibaru, Kota Bima. Mystery Box merupakan inovasi media pembelajaran yang memanfaatkan elemen kejutan dengan berbagai benda atau materi yang relevan untuk meningkatkan interaksi siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi selama proses pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan Mystery Box meningkatkan partisipasi aktif siswa, perhatian mereka terhadap materi, serta antusiasme dalam kegiatan belajar. Siswa lebih tertarik dan termotivasi untuk berpartisipasi dalam pembelajaran, sehingga menciptakan suasana kelas yang lebih dinamis dan interaktif. Dengan demikian, Mystery Box dapat menjadi alternatif media pembelajaran yang efektif untuk meningkatkan minat belajar siswa.
Analisis Penggunaan Media Papan Himpunan dan Roda Berputarpada Mata Pelajaran Matematika di Kelas 6 Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Saputra M. Abid , Ifrani Ifrani , Hijratunnisah Fitri , Agustina Utari , Khatimah Husnul
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efektivitas penggunaan media papan himpunan dan roda berputar dalam pembelajaran matematika kelas 6 di SDN 67 Rabantala, Kota Bima. Media ini dirancang untuk membantu siswa memahami konsep himpunan dengan lebih mudah melalui pendekatan visual yang menarik. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif, di mana data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media papan himpunan dan roda berputar berdampak positif terhadap motivasi dan pemahaman siswa. Media ini mampu membuat siswa lebih antusias, aktif, dan terlibat dalam proses pembelajaran. Siswa dapat memahami materi himpunan dengan lebih mudah karena media ini memberikan representasi visual yang jelas dan interaktif. Selain itu, pembelajaran menjadi lebih menyenangkan, sehingga meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa secara keseluruhan. Penggunaan media kreatif seperti papan himpunan dan roda berputar juga mendukung terciptanya suasana kelas yang interaktif, di mana siswa lebih percaya diri untuk berpartisipasi dalam diskusi dan kegiatan kelompok. Dengan pendekatan yang menyenangkan, siswa tidak hanya memahami materi lebih baik, tetapi juga lebih termotivasi untuk belajar secara mandiri di luar kelas. Kesimpulannya, penerapan media pembelajaran yang inovatif dapat menjadi alternatif yang efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa, khususnya dalam materi matematika seperti himpunan. Media ini dapat diadaptasi dan diterapkan pada berbagai jenjang pendidikan untuk mendukung pembelajaran yang lebih bermakna.
Investigating differentiation: exploring the impact of task difficulty labelling on students’ mathematics performance
Authors: Herset Maria , El Ghami Mohamed , Hessen Bjerke Annette
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the effect of task difficulty labelling on students’ mathematics performance. Lower secondary school students (n = 436) participated in an experimental study in which the control group received three similar tasks without labels and the experimental groups received the same tasks labelled as easy, medium and difficult. The findings indicate that the students in the control group outperformed the students assigned tasks labelled as difficult. Additionally, the students’ performance was worse when solving tasks labelled difficult compared to when they were given similar tasks labelled easy or medium, but the differences are not significant. We strongly advise exercising prudence when assigning tasks labelled difficult.
Editorial
Authors: Eckert Andreas
Published: February 2025

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Russafa, Valencia: the transformation of a marginal neighbourhood into a fashionable district. Creative industries as catalysts of gentrification processes.
Authors: Iturrino Guerrero Javier , Melián Quintana Aday , Yáñez Garrido Héctor Ignacio , Blázquez González Javier , Bouchard Phil , De la Barrera Guzmán Raúl , Belles Monserrat Sergio , Salom Carrasco Julia , Albertos Puebla Juan Miguel
Published: February 2025

El artículo analiza la transformación del barrio de Russafa en Valencia, desde su marginalización hasta los procesos actuales de gentrificación y turistificación. El objetivo principal de la investigación es comprender las dinámicas urbanas que han conducido a los conflictos actuales entre residentes, nuevos habitantes y las fuerzas de mercado, considerando factores como la intervención pública, cambios demográficos, la economía creativa y el turismo.
Los resultados evidencian que las intervenciones municipales iniciales, como el Plan Integral de Rehabilitación de Russafa (RIVA), impulsaron la regeneración urbana, pero también desencadenaron un aumento en los precios de alquiler y el desplazamiento de residentes tradicionales. Este proceso favoreció la entrada de nuevos residentes con mayor poder adquisitivo, acompañado por la proliferación de apartamentos turísticos y establecimientos orientados al ocio. Además, la presencia de artistas en el barrio contribuyó a su revitalización cultural, pero también actuó como precursor de la gentrificación y la turistificación.
Entre las principales conclusiones, destaca que las medidas de regeneración han beneficiado económicamente al barrio pero han deteriorado su tejido social, creando conflictos relacionados con la contaminación acústica, la homogenización socioeconómica y la pérdida de negocios tradicionales. La investigación subraya la necesidad de implementar políticas que fomenten la mezcla social, regulen los alquileres turísticos y promuevan una participación ciudadana inclusiva en la planificación urbana para mitigar los efectos negativos de estos procesos.
ИНТЕРНАЦИОНАЛИЗАЦИЈА САМОВИКТИМИЗАЦИЈЕ У СЛУЖБИ ИДЕНТИТЕТСКОГ ИНЖЕЊЕРИНГА НА ПРИМЈЕРУ САВРЕМЕНОГ БОШЊАЧКОГ ФИЛМА
Authors: Сајић Нина
Published: February 2025

Овај рад бави се феноменом ауторепрезентације жртве и његовој интернационализацији у служби идентитетског инжењерин- га. Рад анализира интернационализацију бошњачке самовиктимизације кроз савремену бошњачку кинематографију. Филм као форма мас медија може значајно допринијети интернационализацији одређених тема и пи- тања и као такав филм представља погодан инструмент за остваривање политичких, идеолошких и других циљева. Истраживање има за циљ да идентификује улогу филма у изградњи националног идентитета, као и у стварању и одржавању позитивних и негативних стереотипа. За потребе овог рада, као основне истраживачке методе, кориштене су квалитативна анализа садржаја одабраних филмских остварења и студија случаја.
ВИНЕР ЦАЈТУНГ О ДУБИЧКОМ РАТУ
Authors: Лужија Стојанка
Published: February 2025

Дубичком рату, као једној од етапа великог сукоба Хаб- збуршке монархије и Османског царства (1788–1791), у досадашњој исто- риографији није посвећена заслужена пажња. При истраживању догађаја из наведених ратних година штампа углавном није кориштена као исто- ријски извор. Због тога смо се одлучили да у овом раду анализирамо рат- не извјештаје листа Винер Цајтунг. Циљ рада је да поред детаљног прика- за битака и спорадичних ратних дејстава, нарочито око градова Дубице, Новог и Градишке (Бербира), дамо увид у живот локалног становништва у немирном пограничју.
THE GRAND ETHIOPIAN RENNAISSANCE DAM AND THE SHIFTING BALANCE OF POWER IN THE HORN OF AFRICA
Authors:   Universitas Indonesia, Ramadhan Muhammad Fauzan Rizki
Published: February 2025

This article briefly explains the correlation between Ethiopia’s ambitious GERD project and the potential shift in power distribution in the region known as the Horn of Africa. The GERD (Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam) is a hydroelectric dam designed to drive economic growth by harnessing the Nile River as its core. Focusing on a regional-level analysis, this article will examine the relationship between the completion of the project and the shift in power distribution between Egypt as the local status-quo power, and Ethiopia as the regional challenger. Thus, the dramatic transition in regional structure is related to categorizing the Nile River as a finite natural resource. Using the multiple hierarchy model derived from power transition theory, this article sees that Egypt and Ethiopia view the Nile River as their primary national interest. Both countries perceive the reduced access to the river’s water as an existential threat to their sovereignty and safety. Thus, The GERD project becomes an instrument for Ethiopia to enhance its structural position as a challenger to Egyptian hegemony and gain the right to a more equitable water allocation. Thus, the completion of the project could pose a real threat not only to Egypt’s structural position but also to its survival as a state.
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE PONTIFICATE OF THE POPE JOHN PAUL II IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Authors:   University of Porto, Portugal, Azevedo M. Manuel
Published: February 2025

This work analyses Pope John Paul II’s contributions and attitudes as an international relations Actor. In this context, the research question that guides this work is as follows in terms of global governance, how did the conduct carried out by Pope John Paul II strengthen him as a Model Power? John Paul II inaugurated a new phase of the Vatican’s foreign policy. His diplomacy in mediation and conflict resolution stands out as a fundamental pillar of his pontificate, contributing to the fall of the communist regime in Poland and many other conflicts such as the mediation of the Holy See in the Beagle Channel, Falklands War, Gulf Wars and Balkan War. In the religious dominion, John Paul II intensified inter-religious dialogue with Jewish, Muslim and Buddhists. Regarding Papal trips, they played an extremely relevant role not only from a religious perspective but also from a political and social perspective. Protecting the environment and life was also among John Paul II’s concerns. The Pope clarified that the Church cannot be indifferent to how humans relate to nature. In summary, the words of John Paul II had a significant impact on the political world and civil society, with him being considered a great statesman of the 20th century; in this sense, he could be viewed as a relevant actor in international relations and a Model Power.
Visual alignment technology of diffraction pinhole in pinhole point diffraction interferometer
Authors: Zhao Shi-Yu  , Gao Fen  , He Yu-Zhun  ,   School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
Published: February 2025

In the construction of the pinhole point diffraction interferometer, the alignment error between the convergent spot of the microscopic objective lens and the diffraction hole in the front end of the pinhole diffraction will lead to problems such as diffraction wavefront error, diffraction intensity reduction, and interference fringe contrast reduction, which will affect the actual measurement accuracy. In order to solve the problem of inaccurate alignment between the convergent spot of the microscopic objective lens and the diffraction hole, this paper proposes a diffraction hole visual alignment method based on the auxiliary optical path. An auxiliary alignment optical path is built at the front end of the pinhole diffraction, and the beam reflected by the pinhole diffraction plate is mainly reflected by the beam splitter prism, and then received by the CCD. By collecting and processing the spot image reflected by the small hole diffraction plate, the alignment state of the small hole is monitored and the alignment error is calculated.In this paper, a visual precision alignment optical path scheme is designed, and the visual performance of the alignment image under three typical alignment deviations of translation, tilt and defocus is simulated and analyzed. The mathematical model of the object-image relationship between the alignment image and the alignment error is constructed, and the alignment image error measurement and processing algorithm is studied. The experimental results show that the auxiliary optical path alignment method and the alignment image processing algorithm proposed in this paper are feasible, and the alignment accuracy can reach 0.05μm. The research results are helpful to improve the alignment efficiency and accuracy of point diffraction interferometer, and can lay a certain technical foundation for the development of practical point diffraction interferometer.
The Neuropeptide Sulfakinin, a peripheral regulator of insect behavioral switch between mating and foraging
Authors: Li Hong-Fei , Dong Bao , Peng Yuan-Yuan , Luo Hao-Yue , Ou Xiao-Lan , Ren Zheng-Lin , Park Yoonseong , Wang Jin-Jun , Jiang Hong-Bo
Published: February 2025

Behavioral strategies for foraging and reproduction in the oriental fruit fly (
Bactrocera dorsalis
) are alternative options for resource allocation and are controlled by neuropeptides. Here we show that the behavioral switch between foraging and reproduction is associated with changes in antennal sensitivity. Starved flies became more sensitive to food odors while suppressing their response to opposite-sex pheromones. The gene encoding sulfakinin receptor 1 (
SkR1
) was significantly upregulated in the antennae of starved flies, so we tested the behavioral phenotypes of null mutants for the genes encoding the receptor (
skr1
−/−
) and its ligand sulfakinin (
sk
−/−
). In both knockout lines, the antennal responses shifted to mating mode even when flies were starved. This suggests that sulfakinin signaling via SkR1 promotes foraging while suppressing mating. Further analysis of the mutant flies revealed that sets of odorant receptor (OR) genes were differentially expressed. Functional characterization of the differentially expressed ORs suggested that sulfakinin directly suppresses the expression of ORs that respond to opposite-sex hormones while enhancing the expression of ORs that detect food volatiles. We conclude that sulfakinin signaling via SkR1, modulating OR expressions and leading to altered antenna sensitivities, is an important component in starvation-dependent behavioral change.
Brain-Cognitive Gaps in relation to Dopamine and Health-related Factors: Insights from AI-Driven Functional Connectome Predictions
Authors: Esmaeili Morteza , Bjørkeli Erin Beate , Pedersen Robin , Falahati Farshad , Johansson Jarkko , Nordin Kristin , Karalija Nina , Bäckman Lars , Nyberg Lars , Salami Alireza
Published: February 2025

A key question in human neuroscience is to understand how individual differences in brain function are related to cognitive differences. However, the optimal condition of brain function to study between-person differences in cognition remains unclear. Additionally, there is a lack of objective biomarkers to accurately predict cognitive function, with brain age emerging as a potential candidate. Recent research suggests that brain age offers minimal additional information on cognitive decline beyond what chronological age provides, prompting a shift toward approaches focused directly on cognitive prediction. Using a novel deep learning approach, we evaluated the predictive power of the functional connectome during various states (resting state, movie-watching, and n-back) on episodic memory and working memory performance. Our findings show that while task-based connectomes, especially during movie watching, better predict working memory, resting state connectomes are equally effective in predicting episodic memory. Furthermore, individuals with a negative brain-cognition gap (where brain predictions underestimate actual performance) exhibited lower physical activity, lower education, and higher cardiovascular risk compared to those with a positive gap. This shows that knowledge of the brain-cognition gap provides insights into factors contributing to cognitive resilience. Further lower PET-derived measures of dopamine binding were linked to a greater brain-cognition gap, mediated by regional functional variability. Together, our study introduces the brain-cognitive gap, as a new marker, modulated by the dopamine system, to identify individuals at risk of compromised brain function.
Afadin-deficient retinas exhibit severe neuronal lamination defects but preserve visual functions
Authors: Ueno Akiko , Sakuta Konan , Ono Hiroki , Tokumoto Haruki , Watanabe Mikiya , Nishimoto Taketo , Konishi Toru , Mizuno Shunsuke , Miyoshi Jun , Takai Yoshimi , Tachibana Masao , Koike Chieko
Published: February 2025

Neural lamination is a common feature of the central nervous system (CNS), with several subcellular structures, such as adherens junctions (AJs), playing a role in this process. The retina is also heavily laminated, but it remains unclear how laminar formation impacts retinal cell morphology, synapse integrity, and overall retinal function. In this study, we demonstrate that the loss of afadin, a key component of AJs, leads to significant pathological changes. These include the disruption of outer retinal lamination and a notable decrease as well as mislocalization of photoreceptors, their outer segments, and photoreceptor synapses. Interestingly, despite these severe impairments, we recorded small local field potentials, including the a- and b-waves. We also classified ganglion cells into ON, ON-OFF, and OFF types based on their firing patterns in response to light stimuli. Additionally, we successfully characterized the receptive fields of certain retinal ganglion cells. Overall, these findings provide the first evidence that retinal circuit function can be partially preserved even when there are significant disruptions in retinal lamination and photoreceptor synapses. Our results indicate that retinas with severely altered morphology still retain some capacity to process light stimuli.
The Lake Baikal water level and induced earthquakes
Authors: Tulokhonov Arnold
Published: February 2025

Seismic activity in the Baikal rift zone is one of the leading factors in the modern relief formation of its coastline. Observations of seismic activity indicate that it has increased significantly after the construction of the Irkutsk hydroelectric power station and the rise of the lake’s level by 1 meter, transforming Lake Baikal into part of its reservoir. A review of literature data indicates that this is the result of increased pressure on the foundation of the lake basin due to the water mass, leading to induced earthquakes. These earthquakes most often occur during sharp fluctuations in the lake level, typically during the seasonal discharge or filling of water in the Irkutsk Reservoir for the purpose of generating the cheapest energy in the country. These phenomena remain outside the attention of environmental authorities and can have serious consequences for the productivity of the lake’s ecosystem and economic activities along its shores.
ЭКОНОМИКА ЗНАНИИ - ЭТО И ЕСТЬ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ТРЕТЬЕГО ПОКОЛЕНИЯ
Authors: Vaganov Andrey
Published: February 2025

Модель классического гумбольдтского университета (образование на основе развития научных исследований) в начале XXI века оказалась явно не достаточной, чтобы удовлетворить гуманитарные и технологические потребности современного общества. Во всём мире идёт переход к модели университета третьего поколения (“Университет 3.0”). В этой модели к целям развития науки и образования в своих стенах университет добавляет третий компонент - коммерциализацию ноу-хау. О специфике новой модели университета рассказывает доктор химических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой химической технологии и новых материалов химического факультета МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова Виктор Авдеев.
ГЕНЕТИКИ ГОТОВЫ ВОСКРЕСИТЬ МАМОНТОВ НА ОЧЕРЕДИ - НЕАНДЕРТАЛЬЦЫ
Authors: Morozov A.
Published: February 2025

С геологической точки зрения мы живем... в ледниковом периоде. Он начался примерно 2.6 млн лет назад и продолжается до сих пор. То есть мы живём в ледниковом периоде с глобальным потеплением. За эти 2.6 млн лет в биосфере планеты произошло много изменений. Влияние ледникового периода на биосферу и климат огромно: появились новые виды, которые смогли приспособиться к экстремальным условиям. Но параллельно происходили волны массового вымирания флоры и фауны. Так, сегодня происходит шестое - голоценовое вымирание.
Тенденции развития и совершенствования теплоэнергетики. Системы, способы, устройства
Authors: Grushnikov Victor
Published: February 2025

Ни одна промышленная, коммерческая и бытовая установка не обходится без реализации термодинамических процессов производства, использования, утилизации, аккумулирования, передачи, транспортирования, трансформации тепловой энергии. Эти процессы осуществляются разными системами, способами и устройствами. Рассмотрим некоторые, заслуживающие внимания из использованных инновационных решений.
Опыт эксплуатации систем мониторинга гололёдно-изморозевых отложений
Authors: Pustovgar Dmitry
Published: February 2025

В статье опубликованы результаты опытной эксплуатации системы мониторинга гололёдно-изморозевых отложений на проводах и грозозащитных тросах воздушной линии 110 кВ, базирующиеся на данных, получаемых от датчиков разных типов. Особенность рассматриваемых систем - разносторонние подходы как к их реализации, так и к питанию непосредственно самих датчиков, устанавливаемых непосредственно в местах измерений. Приведён алгоритм определения голо-лёдообразования, основанный на анализе данных об углах отклонения провода. Представлены результаты практической апробации предлагаемого алгоритма в виде внедрённых систем, а также опыта их эксплуатации.
To the study of wave fields in a liquid layer on a water-saturated foundation with use of the block element method
Authors: Pavlova Alla
Published: February 2025

The paper presents the results of theoretical studies to determine the parameters of pressure fields in a layer of liquid on an extended two-phase foundation. We have considered problem of vibration for a heterogeneous medium: a layer of ideal compressible fluid on a water-saturated porous elastic half-space, in an axisymmetric formulation. A harmonic pressure source is located in the liquid layer. For a steady state of oscillations, solutions are constructed for the amplitude values of unknown parameters: velocities and pressure in the liquid layer, displacements of the frame and the liquid phase of the foundation. Motion in a layer of liquid in the case of steady oscillations satisfies the Helmholtz equation for the velocity potential. The front surface of the system is stress-free. The displacements of a two-phase water-saturated foundation are described by the Biot-Frenkel equations regarding the movements of the solid and liquid phases. We assume that free filtration of the liquid occurs at the boundary of the liquid and the porous-elastic half-space. To correctly describe the waves emitted at infinity, we used the principle of limiting absorption. Then the contact problems for a layered medium are solved using the block element method. In the end we obtain analytical representations for the integral characteristics of the velocity potential and pressure field in the water layer.
Genesis and morphodynamics of the Kamyshevatskaya Spit
Authors: Artyukhin Yuri
Published: February 2025

Two stages of the evolution of the Kamyshevatskaya Spit have been identified: the emergence of an accumulative terrace at a relatively low level, followed by the development of the spit bending. In modern conditions, the litho-morphodynamic regime of the spit is characterized by a pulsating process of biogenic sediment supply in both time and space, under conditions of which erosion of the sea coast often occurs. The increase in the distance and its extension into the waters of Yasenskiy Bay was more intense in the 1970-1990s, compared to the 2000s. The situation changed in 2022-2023, when a large volume of sandy shell sediments was deposited along the windward shore.
Study of the oil-oxidizing potential of the bacterial strain Rhodococcus piridinivorans PDB9T isolated from the waters of the Caspian Sea
Authors: Dyakova Svetlana
Published: February 2025

The ability of a new bacterial strain of the Actinomycetes class, isolated from the waters of the Northern Caspian, to use oil as the sole source of carbon was studied. Based on the analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, the new oil-degrading strain was identified as Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T (100% similarity). The strain did not exhibit pathogenicity in the form of hemolytic, lecithinase, proteolytic and DNA-degrading activities. Using the gravimetric method, it was determined that oil degradation by the strain on a mineral medium (34-56%) exceeded destruction in seawater (21-41%), which indicated the need to add sources of biogenic elements, including nitrogen, to the culture liquid. Using the fluometric method, it was established that Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T is capable of utilizing polyaromatic hydrocarbons (up to 46%). By means of IR spectrometry the strain was found to be capable of degrading aliphatic hydrocarbons (up to 55%). The strain's ability to utilize alkanes with different carbon chain lengths was determined using gas-liquid chromatography. The main destruction of light and medium fractions occurred on days 7-15, and of heavy ones - on the first 7 days. The total destruction of alkane oil products reached 51% by day 15. The maximum destruction was noted for alkanes with a carbon chain length of C19-C40. The bacterial strain is capable of utilizing almost the entire complex of alkane hydrocarbons in different time intervals. The obtained data indicated the prospects of using Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T as an effective destructor of oil pollution of various natures.
Sustaining Resilience: Tackling the Challenges of Maintaining a Robust Health Workforce and Improving Healthcare Delivery
Authors: OKOLI Ernest Chinedu , HASSAN Saidu Malgwi , ADINDU Kelechi Nelson , Emmanuel Nwoke Chukwuebuka , OKOYE Nelyn Akunna
Published: February 2025

The global healthcare workforce is facing an unprecedented crisis characterized by shortages, uneven distribution, and increasing burnout, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). These challenges threaten healthcare delivery, deepen health disparities, and restrict access to essential services, especially in rural and underserved regions. With an estimated shortfall of 18 million healthcare workers by 2030, urgent action is needed to build a resilient and sustainable workforce.
This review examines strategies to strengthen the healthcare workforce by highlighting evidence-based approaches that enhance retention, professional development, and mental well-being. Key areas of focus include workforce education and training, fair compensation, mental health support, and the integration of digital health technologies like telemedicine. Additionally, international collaboration and public-private partnerships (PPPs) play a crucial role in mobilizing resources and driving healthcare innovation.
To provide a comprehensive analysis, this study employs a systematic review methodology, synthesizing peer-reviewed literature, policy reports, and case studies from various regions. The research primarily focuses on LMICs, where workforce shortages are most severe, while drawing comparisons from high-income countries to identify adaptable best practices. Thematic analysis categorizes findings into key intervention areas, including workforce training, retention strategies, digital health adoption, and governance reforms.
By evaluating successful models and identifying gaps in current workforce strategies, this review offers practical, evidence-based recommendations to guide policymakers and healthcare leaders in building a more resilient and equitable healthcare workforce. Addressing these pressing issues is essential for ensuring that health systems can withstand future global health challenges.
Genome-Wide SNPs Mining and Annotation in Bubalus bubalis
Authors: Anmol  , Yadav Khushboo , Yadav Shiv Kumar , Maurya Vibhu , Jaishawal Vishal , Singh Jaswant , Niranjan Saket K
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Murrah buffalo, often referred to as the "black gold of India," using the reduced representation sequencing technique.DNA was extracted and sequenced using the ddRAD technique from blood samples taken from 96 unrelated Murrah buffalo. After processing the sequenced genomic data with various bioinformatics tools, a total of 855,563 SNPs were identified in the Murrah buffalo genome, using the Bubalus bubalis genome as a reference. Annotation revealed that the majority of these variations were located in intronic regions (67.49%), followed by intergenic regions (20.15%). The SNPs identified in this study have the potential to serve as molecular markers for economically significant traits and could be valuable for future breed improvement and conservation efforts.
Exploring the Nexus between Service Quality and Student Satisfaction and Loyalty in Ghana’s Upper East Region: Insights from Undergraduate Students at Regentropfen University College
Authors: Enoch Suglo Kabinaa , Essuman Stanley Appiah , Agyakwa Richard Fiifi , Aboagye Dacosta , Akuteye Ebenezer Agudey
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study was to explore undergraduate students’ expectations and satisfaction levels with customer service quality. This study employed the Expectancy Confirmation Theory (ECT) and a descriptive design with a sample of 385 undergraduate students selected from a population of 635 using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using a closed-ended questionnaire. The instrument was piloted using a 30% of the potential respondents which produced a Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of .862 demonstrating that the constructs of the questionnaire were highly internally consistent. Descriptive and inferential analysis tools were used. The results revealed that the students generally held high expectations for the institution (M=2.66-3.74). Again, a statistically significant difference between satisfaction levels students expectations was found F(385)= 9.228, (p<.001). The study concluded that RUC successfully fulfills students' core academic and community expectations, with most students indicating that they would choose RUC again and support its mission. The students’ willingness to recommend RUC and participate in fundraising efforts suggests a strong foundation of loyalty. The study recommended maintaining high standards in friendliness, accessibility, and effective communication to sustain students’ satisfaction. Additionally, feedback channels could help identify specific areas within customer service where students feel underserved, enabling continuous improvement and student-centered growth at RUC.
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Cyber Security in Digital Currency Transactions
Authors: Ajayi Adekunbi Justina , Joseph Sunday Abayomi , Metibemu Olufunke Cynthia , Olutimehin Abayomi Titilola , Balogun Adebayo Yusuf , Olaniyi Oluwaseun Oladeji
Published: February 2025

Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing cybersecurity in digital currency transactions by enhancing fraud detection and risk mitigation. This study leverages machine learning techniques, including logistic regression and random forest classifiers, to evaluate AI’s efficacy in detecting fraudulent transactions using datasets such as the REKT Database, Elliptic Crypto Transaction Dataset, Cipher Trace AML Reports, and IEEE DataPort Financial Transactions Dataset. The analysis employs confusion matrix evaluation, fairness-aware machine learning techniques, and regression modeling to assess AI’s impact on fraud prevention. Findings reveal that AI-driven security measures reduced fraudulent activities by up to 76.86%, underscoring their effectiveness. However, the models exhibited a high false-negative rate of 89.54%, signaling a significant risk of undetected illicit transactions. Algorithmic bias is also evident, with a disparate impact ratio of 0.7793, indicating fairness concerns in AI fraud detection. These limitations highlight the need for adversarial training, fairness-aware optimization techniques, and anomaly detection refinements to improve model reliability. Additionally, regulatory frameworks, such as the EU AI Act, must be considered to ensure compliance, ethical fairness, and transparency in AI-powered cybersecurity applications. This study emphasizes the dual role of AI in strengthening fraud detection while presenting new challenges, such as algorithmic bias and adversarial vulnerabilities. To enhance AI’s effectiveness, quantum-proof encryption, fairness-aware fraud detection models, and transparent governance frameworks are recommended. These findings contribute to the ongoing discourse on AI-driven cybersecurity in digital finance, offering insights into mitigating risks while harnessing AI’s potential for securing digital currency ecosystems.
Adaptation of Coastal Farmers to Increasing Salinity in Selected Coastal Area of Bangladesh
Authors: Abdullah Md. Iske , Afrad Md. Safiul Islam , Haque Md. Enamul , Kamal Mohammed Ziauddin , Saha Soumitra , Hasan Shahriar
Published: February 2025

The present study evaluated the adaptation measures taken by the coastal farmers of Bangladesh to cope with the increasing salinity. Mixed method including key informant interview, household survey was used to collect data from 80 respondents who were selected as a sample following disproportionate random sampling technique. The study exhibits the poor socio-economic condition of the respondents in the study areas. Disappearing of agricultural land with diminished productivity was the major challenge they faced due to increasing salinity. Around 82.0% of the respondents adopted medium to high-level adaptation strategies in response to salinity management. Among the selected characteristics, only age and family size showed significant and positive contribution to adaptation. Adopting adequate adaption mechanisms will assist coastal farmers’ sustainability in the changing climatic situation and environmental hazards. The current research is important for the relevant policymakers formulating policy for the coastal farmers.
Beyond the Bars: Exploring Pre-service Teachers’ Understanding of Histograms
Authors: Armah Gloria
Published: February 2025

Aims: This study explored the ability of first-year pre-service mathematics teachers to interpret graphical representation, with an emphasis on histograms.
Study Design: The descriptive survey design was employed as the methodological framework for the investigation.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Department of Mathematics Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana, during the 2022/2023 academic year.
Methodology: The purposive and convenient sampling techniques were used to sample 342 first-year pre-service mathematics teachers. This sample included 31.3% (107) trained teachers who have taught mathematics at the basic school level. Females also formed 15.5% (53) of the sample. The test used as the instrument for collecting data was adapted from previous studies and classified into two skill types: statistical literacy (SL) and statistical reasoning (SR). Data was analysed by computing the success rates for the items as well as assessing participants’ valid justifications for their responses. This gave insight into the challenges participants encountered.
Results: Under statistical literacy items, findings revealed that for items which covered tasks like reading frequencies and identifying axes, success rates ranged from 45.6% (156) to 63.7% (218), whereas those which required identification of the median of a categorical dataset in a bar chart and comparing modes of two histograms presented a more complex situation with success rates around 26.0% (89). Under the statistical literacy items, only 12.1% (11) could provide valid justifications for their correct response on the item on identifying the median of a categorical dataset in a bar chart, and 28.1% (25) for the item on comparing modes of two histograms. On statistical reasoning items, moderate success rates were recorded for items requiring interpretation of information from histograms with success rates ranging from 33.0% (113) to 56.1% (192). Challenges were encountered with matching a given description to an appropriate histogram and comparing and contrasting distribution characteristics, with success rates of 24.0% (82) and 0.6% (2), respectively. Under these statistical reasoning items, participants’ lack of conceptual understanding was evident, as either zero conceptually sound justifications were recorded or an abysmally low one (5.3% (9) or 6.2% (7)), even for correct responses, with just a repetition of the choice of answer from the options.
Conclusion: Participants demonstrated moderate proficiency in basic statistical tasks; however, significant challenges were encountered with more complex tasks which required inferential reasoning. It was recommended that teachers integrate creative pedagogical approaches and interactive technologies that emphasise statistical reasoning into their teaching.
Typology, Composition and Characterization of Urban Solid Waste in the Industrial Area of Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
Authors: Nimi Mamadou , Senou Issaka , Somda Irénée , Nacro Hassan B.
Published: February 2025

Aim: This study is to make a typology and characterize this urban solid waste in the industrial area of Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso).
Methodology: Systematic sampling of thirteen landfills identified by on-site observation carried out taking into account the density and heterogeneity of the waste. The waste typology is made taking into account the categories, origins, composition and hazardous nature of the waste. The characterization is carried out through the evaluation of the physico-chemical parameters and the contents of heavy metals contained in the waste.
Results: The results reveal several categories of waste, namely fine waste (26.58%), plastics (20.72%), glasses (13.86%) and textiles (11.38%) which account for 72.54% of waste. The other categories (putrescible, paper/cardboard, unclassified fuels, metals, unclassified incombustible and hazardous waste) account for 27.46%. The density of the waste is 6.34 kg/m². Household and industrial waste are present at 71.47% and 23.92% respectively on average. The D13 landfill contains 100% industrial waste. Agricultural waste (2.21%) and medical waste (0.43%) remain low compared to other types of waste. Organic waste predominates in the majority of landfills with an overall average of 60.93%. However, glassware (13.38%) and metal scrap (1.36%) are less present. Composable waste is 56.21%, semi-inert (18.73%) and inert (37.66). Non-hazardous waste predominates in landfills with an average of 71.63%, although potentially hazardous waste reaches high levels (50.70%). The measured parameters indicate waste with a low acid pH (6.50) and an organic matter of up to 68.84%, indicating a high degree of heterogeneity. In addition, some dumps have high concentrations of heavy metals, such as cadmium (24.60 mg/Kg), chromium (123.98 mg/Kg), copper (451.58 mg/Kg), mercury (68.93 mg/Kg), lead (158.57 mg/Kg) and zinc (62939.41 mg/Kg).
Conclusion: results should serve as a basis for local authorities to take decisions to raise awareness and prevent health and environmental risks arising from the landfill.
Effects of Khat on the Brain in Male and Female Mice
Authors: Dugul Tesfaye Tolessa , Leminie Abebaye Aragaw , Eshetu Eyasu Makonnen
Published: February 2025

Background:  Substance use and related disorders are becoming public health concerns globally. Catha edulis, commonly called khat, is a psychostimulant plant chewed by East African people and its anxiety-like effect has not been investigated experimentally in animal models. Although the results are inconsistent, the peripheral lipid peroxidation effect of khat is investigated. However, its brain lipid peroxidation effect represented by an increase in the malondialdehyde level has not been investigated. The increase in the MDA level could be associated with a khat-induced increase in the generation of free radicals and oxidation of lipids. These are the main problems driving this study. The aim of this study is, therefore, to investigate the anxiety-like and prefrontal cortex (PFC) lipid peroxidation effects of khat in animal models of both sexes.
Methods: A total of 40 white albino mice in 4 groups (n= 10 / group, 5 males, and 5 females/group) aged between 7 and 8 weeks were used. They were administered with khat extract (Ke) 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg b.w, and 2% tween 80 in distilled water (T80W-v/v) for thirteen weeks. The anxiety-like behaviors and PFC malondialdehyde (MDA) level were measured using elevated plus maze and spectrophotometry, respectively. One-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, and independent t-tests were used. P-value 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Ke 100 mg/kg (p < 0.05), Ke 200 mg/kg (p < 0.01), and Ke 300 mg/kg (p < 0.01) reduced open arm entry. Ke 100 mg/kg (p < 0.01), Ke 200 mg/kg (p < 0.01), and 300 mg/kg (p < 0. 01) also reduced open arm duration. Ke 200 mg/kg (p<0.01) and Ke 300 mg/kg (p<0.001) increased the right PFC MDA level while the MDA in the left PFC was increased by the higher dose of the extract (300 mg/kg).
Conclusions:  Catha edulis showed anxiety-like behaviors in the elevated plus maze paradigm and increased prefrontal cortex malondialdehyde level. Further studies are needed on the prefrontal cortex neurochemicals effects of this extract.
AI-Driven Fraud Detection: A Risk Scoring Model for Enhanced Security in Banking
Authors: Metha Shubham
Published: February 2025

As technology makes advancements so does the risk of accessing it for wrong doings. In recent years as we moved from traditional banking systems to online banking and the volume of digital transactions has increased eccentric. This also comes up with increasing risk of fraudulent activities like accessing bank accounts, credit card frauds, account frauds, dormant account fraud, and many others. Detecting fraud activities is and crucial part of banking system.
This research explores the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in detecting potentially fraudulent activities by generating a risk score to assess account behavior. A formula is developed to compute a score out of 100, which triggers automated security measures when exceeding a predefined threshold of 80. The formula evaluates four key activities commonly associated with fraud: new device logins, updates to contact number or email address, the addition of new payees or Zelle contacts, and transactions exceeding $1,000 in 48-hour time span.
Leveraging machine learning algorithms, this model incorporates behavioral patterns, historical data, and real-time anomaly detection to calculate the score. Accounts with scores above the threshold are temporarily locked, initiating further verification processes to ensure security while minimizing customer inconvenience. This research demonstrates the effectiveness of AI-driven fraud detection mechanisms and highlights the balance between security and user experience in modern banking systems.