bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFICIENCY OF NK COMBINATIONS ON NUTRIENT UPTAKE AND PRODUCTIVITYOF IR.50 RICE WITH VARYING POPULATION
Authors:   Assitant Professor (Agronomy), P BALASUBRAMANIYAN , S.P PALANIAPPAN ,   Dean (Agri) TNAU, Coimbatore 3
Published: August 2023

With the objectives of testing the optimum population and fertilizer combinations (NK) for getting higher yield in rice (IR.50), an experiment was conducted at wetlands, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during Kharif 1986. Population of 66 and 80 hills/m² and fertilizer combinations (N-K20 kg/ha), control (No NK), 75-50, 150-50, 150-100, 225-50 and 225-100 were tested in a split plot design replicated four times. The population of 80 hills/m² was found to increase the yield parameters and yield of rice. Fertilizer combination of 150-50 kg N K20/ha was optimum in increasing the growth and yield parameters, DMP, nutrient uptake and production of rice.
EFFECT OF TRICYCLAZOLE AND MANCOZEB ON RICE PATHOGENS
Authors:   Department of Plant Pathology,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, R VISWANATHAN , P NARAYANASAMY ,   Department of Plant Pathology,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: August 2023

Tricyclazole and mancozeb effectively inhibited four vital functions viz., spore germination, germ tube elongation, mycelial growth and sporulation of four rice pathogens tested at different concentrations of the fungicides. Tricyclazole at 500 ppm was highly effective against Pyricularia oryzae and Thanatephorus cucumeris whereas a concentration of 1000 to 1500 ppm was required to inhibit Helminthosporium oryzae and Sarocladium oryzae. Mancozeb around 500 ppm was highly inhibitory to. P. oryzae, at 1000 to 1500 ppm to H. oryzae and at 1000 to 2000 ppm to T. cucumeris, whereas even at 200 ppm it was inhibitory to mycelial growth of S. oryzae.
MONITORING OF COTTON WHITEFLY, Bemisia Tabaci GENN. WITH STICKY TRAPS
Authors:   Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam, Guntur - 522 034 Andhra Pradesh., N VENUGOPAL RAO , A.S REDDY ,   Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam, Guntur - 522 034 Andhra Pradesh., K TIRUMALA RAO ,   Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam, Guntur - 522 034 Andhra Pradesh.
Published: August 2023

Rectangular yellow sticky trap was most effective for monitoring the adult whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Genn. in cotton. Stick-gum (poly-isobutane) and castor oil were effective in trapping the attracted adults. increasing the trap height was effective with the plant growth. The traps facing the sky and placed horizontally either inside or adjacent to the cotton field attracted more whiteflies. It was established that yellow sticky traps can be used for predicting the incidence of whitefly. A positive correlation was observed between trap catches and number of eggs in the field.
OCCURRENCE OF BULB ROT DISEASE IN GARLIC (Allium sativum L.) IN THE NILGIRIS
Authors:   Department of Plant Pathology,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, L MOHAN
Published: August 2023

Bulb-rot of garlic has assumed serious proportions in the Nilgiris district in Tamil Nadu, India. Rotting of bulb, drying of leaves from the tip, production of side shoots are the characteristic symptoms seen on the plant. Fusarium oxysporum Schlect, Fusarium equiseti Corda, Botrytis allii (Munn) and Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. were identified as bulb-rot causing organisms. F. oxysporum, F. equiseti and S. rolfsii were so far not reported earlier and this is the first report.
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF VARIOUS PLANT EXTRACTS/PRODUCTS ON Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.) Leonard
Authors:   Department of Plant Pathology,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, S MOHAN , G RAMAKRISHNAN ,   Department of Plant Pathology,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: August 2023

Eleven plant products belonging to Liliaceae, Meliaceae, Verbenaceae, Labiatae, Chenopodiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Leguminosae and Poaceae were screened for antifungal properties against Exserohilum turcicum. The plant products/extracts viz., Alitin (commercial). Allium sativum (bulb extract), Lantana camera (leaf extract), Azadirachta indica (seed extract) and A. indica (commercial oil) were highly inhibitory to spore germination and mycelial growth of the pathogen in vitro. None of these plant products/extracts were promising when tested in vivo.
EFFECT OF INTERCROPPING OF PULSES IN CEREALS ON THE INCIDENCE OF MAJOR PESTS
Authors:   National Pulses Research Centre,Vamban 622 30,Tamilnadu., N NATARAJAN , P.V SUBBA RAO ,   National Pulses Research Centre,Vamban 622 30,Tamilnadu., S GOPAL ,   National Pulses Research Centre,Vamban 622 30,Tamilnadu.
Published: August 2023

Effect of intercropping of greengram, cowpea, blackgram and soybean in maize and sorghum on the incidence of stem fly, whitefly, yellow mosaic and pod borer of pulses and shoot fly and stem borer of cereals indicated no significant effect on the pests except stem fly in blackgram, whitefly in cowpea, yellow mosaic and pod borers in green gram. Stem fly in blackgram and whitelly in cowpea were high when intercropped with maize. Greongram had low incidence of yellow mosaic when intercropped with maize and sorghum than raised as pure crop. Pod borer damage in greengram was significantly lesser in pure crop than raised with maize and sorghum. There was no difference in shoot fly and stem borer of sorghum and maize between pure crop and mixed with intercrops.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF NITROGEN ON THE YIELD, NUTRIENT UPTAKE AND QUALITY COMPONENTS IN JUICE OF SUGARBEET (Beta vulgaris L.)
Authors:   Assitant Agric Chemist, Agricultural Research Station , Rajastan Agricultural University, Sriganganagar, KUMAR VIJAY , K ZUTSHI ,   Associate Professor  Rajasthan College of Agriculture RAJAU Campus Udaipur 313 001
Published: August 2023

Chemical studies on yield of sugarbeet and quality of juice carried out at Agriculture research station, Sriganganagar revealed that application of N at 120 kg/ha increased the root and top yield, sugar yield and uptake of nitrogen by sugarbeet. Sucrose content was adversely affected by increasing doses of nitrogen. Impurities, alpha amino-N, and molassegenic compounds like sodium and potassium and overall impurity index in beet juice were increased with increased nitrogen.
METHODS OF ZINC APPLICATION AND ITS EFFECT ON YIELD AND ZINC CONTENT OF RICE (Oryza sativa) AND WHEAT (Triticum vulgare)
Authors:   Joint Directore of Agriculture, J.N Krishi Viswa Vidyalaya Campus, College of Agriculture Gwallor, V.K SARASWAT , K.N BANSAL ,   Joint Directore of Agriculture, J.N Krishi Viswa Vidyalaya Campus, College of Agriculture Gwallor
Published: August 2023

Maximum yield of rice was obtained with the dipping of the roots of seedling in a ZnO suspension and that of wheat by the residual effect of 50 kg/ha zinc sulphate applied in the soil to rice in the field experiments conducted for the comparison of different methods of zinc application. A significant effect of Zn fertilization was observed on the content and the uptake of zinc in two crops. The removal of zinc by straw was higher than that by the grain in case of rice, but there was a reverse trend in wheat.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE FORMS OF PHOSPHORUS IN TWO RED LOAM SOIL SERIES OXISOL OF KERALA STATE
Authors:   Centre for Excellance Trppicals Soils K.A.U Vellayani, P.A KORAH , C.A SUDHARMAI DEVI ,   Centre for Excellance Trppicals Soils K.A.U Vellayani, B.P USHA ,   Centre for Excellance Trppicals Soils K.A.U Vellayani
Published: August 2023

A study of the different forms of P in the Vellayani and Neyyattinkara series of the red loam soils (oxisols) of Kerala indicated that organic P constituted about 48-51 % of the total P in both soil series. The different fractions of inorganic P were in the order, Red-P Fe-P Saloid-P AI-P Occl-P Ca-P in the Vellayani series; whereas in the Neyyattinkara series it was in the order Red-P Saloid-P Fc-P Ocel-P AI-P Ca-P. Available P showed significant positive correlation with Al-P and Organic-P and no significant correlation was obtained with Saloid-P and Fc-P.
EFFECT OF N AND P ENRICHED SUNFLOWER STALK ON CROP YIELD, OIL CONTENT AND SOIL FERTILITY
Authors:   Agricultural Research Station Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Bhavanisagar 638 541 Tamilnadu., C UDAYASOORIAN , P BALAMURUGAN ,   Agricultural Research Station Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Bhavanisagar 638 541 Tamilnadu., P PARAMASIVAM ,   Agricultural Research Station Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Bhavanisagar 638 541 Tamilnadu.
Published: August 2023

Field experiments were conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar to find out the efficiency of N and P2O5 enriched sunflower stalk along with N/P2Os fertilizers on yield of sunflower (Morden). The 5% P20s enriched sunflower stalk at the rate of 60 kg P20s as basal dressing along with 40 kg N through urea recorded a seed yield increase of 18.4% over the same quantity of N and P2Os applied through inorganic fertilizers. The physical condition and fertility status of the soll were also improved by the addition of enriched sunflower stalk.
MOISTURE RETENTION CHARACTERISTICS AND AVAILABLE WATER CAPACITIES OF CERTAIN SOIL SERIES
Authors:   Dept.of Soil Science  Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, K.K MATHAN , B RAJKANNAN ,   Dept.of Soil Science  Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, R NATESAN ,   Dept.of Soil Science  Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: August 2023

Clay, organic matter content and bulk density of certain soil series were related to moisture retention at different tensions.
STUDIES ON THE UTILITY OF LEUCAENA AS GREEN LEAF MANURE ON N ECONOMY IN RICE (IR 20)
Authors:   Dept of Agronomy Agrl,College & Research Institute,Tamil Nadu Agrl University Madurai 625 104., S JEYARAMAN
Published: August 2023

Studies on Leucaena as green leaf manure with sub optimal levels of N on N economy in rice revealed that combined application of Leucaena @ 101.ha' along with 50 kg N recorded equal grain yield to that of recommended level of 100kg ha''N. The combined application of Leucaena with 75kg N ha' was found to be significantly superior in recording higher grain yield over the recommended level of 100kg N ha-1.
EFFECT OF TIME OF SOWING ON THE YIELD OF RAINFED WHEAT VARIETIES
Authors:   Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, R VENKITASWAMY , K.P RAMASAMI ,   Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, N BALASUBRAMANIAM ,   Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, K SIDDESWARAN ,   Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003
Published: August 2023

The experiment on promising wheat varieties was conducted under three dates of sowing at the Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore on a clay loam soil for five years from 1982-1983 to 1986-1987 under rainfed conditions. The sowing of rainfed wheat during October 8th to 14th proved to be the optimum time of sowing for all the years. Among the varieties HI 617, NI 5439, AKW 65-1 proved better under early sowing (October 8th to 14th). Varieties PBN 22-28, DWR 59 and AKW 65-1 gave more grain yield under normal sowing (October 22nd to 28th). Under later sown conditions, (November 5th to 11th) varieties PBN 22-28, NI 5439, DWR 94 and MACS 1967 were better than others.
EFFECT OF TIME OF APPLICATION OF POTASSIUM ON YIELD OF RICE
Authors:   Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, K.T SUBBIAH , V VEERABADRAN ,   Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, N SANKARAN ,   Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003
Published: August 2023

Experiments were conducted during Kharif and rabi seasons of 1985-1986 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore to study the response of application of yield attributes such as number of panicles hill, filled grains panicle'' and thousand grain weight were positively influenced by level and time of K application. During Kharif, application of 50 kg.ha K, O applied basally at planting produced greater response while during rabi, 50 kg.ha¹ K,O applied in two equal splits at planting and panicle initiation resulted in high response. Application of at least part of K at planting as basal dose was superior to entire K applied as top dressing alone at later growth stages.
CLIMATE AND SOIL BASED CROP WATER REQUIREMENT FOR RICE
Authors:   Water Technology Centre,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, M ILANGOVAN , R KULANDAIVELU ,   Water Technology Centre,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, MR PANCHANATHAN ,   Water Technology Centre,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: August 2023

Estimation of crop water requirement for Coimbatore region revealed that rice requires 591 and 821 mm during kharif and summer respectively. Of which 410 and 510 mm were required for crop ET and 181 and 311 mm were required for percolation during kharif and summer respectively. The peak water requirement was found to be at panicle initiation stage in kharif and reproductive stage in summer.
STUDIES ON WEED MANAGEMENT IN GROUNDNUT CROPPING SYSTEM UNDER RAINFED CONDITION
Authors:   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003 Tamilnadu, P KALAISELVAN , G RAMADOSS ,   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003 Tamilnadu, R SETHUPATHI RAMALINGAM ,   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003 Tamilnadu, M.R SIVARAM ,   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003 Tamilnadu
Published: August 2023

The experiment conducted at Regional Research Station during 1984 to 1986 under rain- fed conditions on weed management in groundnut cropping systems revealed that weed popula- tions was less under cropping systems and application of fluchloralin at 1.00 kg.a.i.ha-1 as preplanting application with one hand weeding controlled the weeds and increased pod yields.
EFFECT OF MOISTURE REGIMES AND NITROGEN ON NPK UPTAKE AND YIELD OF FINGER MILLET
Authors:   Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, R SUDHAKARA RAO , S SUBRAMANIAN ,   Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, SP PALANIAPPAN ,   Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003
Published: August 2023

Experiments were conducted for two seasons (rabi, 1985-1986 and Kharif 1986) on clay loam soils to study the effect of moisture regimes and N levels on NPK uptake and yield of finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn.) In general, the uptake of N increased linearly from tillering and highest at maturity. Irrigating the crop at 0.6IW/CPE ratio throughout the crop period increased the uptake of NPK leading to highest grain yield. Among the levels of N, uptake of N, P and K was highest at 80 kg.ha in both the seasons.
PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF JUTE VARIETIES IN TAMILNADU
Authors:   Department of Agronomy Agricultural College And Research, Institute Killikulam Vallanand 628 252 Tamil nadu, S KRISHNASAMY , V VEERABHADRAN ,   Department of Agronomy Agricultural College And Research, Institute Killikulam Vallanand 628 252 Tamil nadu, P MUTHUKRISHNAN ,   Department of Agronomy Agricultural College And Research, Institute Killikulam Vallanand 628 252 Tamil nadu
Published: August 2023

Experiments conducted at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, Tamil Nadu during 1981 to 1982 revealed that jute (Corchorus Olitorius) can be successfully cultivated in the wetlands of Periyar-Vaigai command area of Madurai district. Jute variety JRO 878 raised during March-August gave a fibre yield of 2085 kg-¹ ha with the application of 60 kg-¹ ha N.
STUDIES ON HIGH VALUE INTERCROPS IN RAINFED SORGHUM
Authors:   Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, A BALASUBRAMANIAM , P MANICKASUNDARAM ,   Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, S SANKARAN ,   Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003
Published: August 2023

The results of the experiments conducted during North-East monsoon seasons of 1985 1987 revealed that sole sorghum was superior to intercropped sorghum in respect of grain and straw yield. The grain yield recovery of sorghum was high (83.2%) in sorghum+pigeonpea (2:1) system followed by sorghum + greengram in 4:2 ratio. Sunflower as intercrop reduced the grain yield recovery at both the planting pattern. Sorghum (CSH 9) intercropped with sunflower (Co. 1) registered maximum return of Rs.5,156 ha-1 with benefit cost ratio of 2.231.
EFFECT OF IRRIGATION SCHEDULING AND NITROGEN LEVELS ON WATER USE, YIELD AND QUALITY OF SUGARCANE RATOON
Authors:   Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, Sriganganagar, R.K SIAG , B.L VERMA ,   Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, Sriganganagar
Published: August 2023

The field studies on the effect of irrigation scheduling and N levels on water use, yield and quality of sugarcane ratoon during 1982-1983 and 1983-1984 revealed that irrigation scheduling and N fertilization significantly influenced the yield of ratoon. Maximum ratoon yield was obtained when the crop was applied irrigation at IW/CPE of 1.25 (CPE 60 mm) and fertilized with 200 kg.ha¹ of N. Increase in N application and frequency of irrigation increased consumptive use but decreased water use efficiency. Irrigation scheduling did not influence the juice quality but beyound 120 kg.ha' N the juice quality deteriorated.
THE VARIATION AND TRANSGRESSIVE SEGREGATION IN WIDE AND VARIETAL CROSSES OF MUNGBEAN
Authors:   G.B Pant University, PANTNAGAR, K.R REDDY , D.P SINGH ,   G.B Pant University, PANTNAGAR
Published: August 2023

High mean and large variance were exhibited in the F2 generation of T 44 x PLN 15 for yield per plant, seeds per pod and pods par plant, in ML 5 x LM 233 (BC1 F2) for pods per plant and in 7 44 x ML 5 (F2) for days to first flower. The F2 generation of T 44 x PLN 15 showed transgression for seeds per pod and yield per plant and pods per plant. ML 5 x LM 293 (BC1 F2) exhibited transgression for pode per plant and yield per plant. ML 5 x LM 293 (F2) and T 44 x ML 5 (BC2 F2) expressed significantly higher transgressives for days to first flower and seed ueight respectively.
A CONSTITUIÇÃO, ENTRE DEUS E O DIABO
Authors: Razuk Dr. Paulo Eduardo
Published: August 2023

O preâmbulo impede que o Estado brasileiro se comporte como se Deus absolutamente não existisse. O homem nasceu para viver em sociedade, porquanto, não podendo no isolamento nem granjear o que é necessário e útil à vida, nem adquirir a perfeição do espírito e do coração, a Providência o fez para se unir aos seus semelhantes, numa sociedade tanto doméstica como civil, única capaz de fornecer o que é preciso para a perfeição da existência.
TECNOLOGIAS EDUCATIVAS MEDIANDO O APRENDIZADO NA MONITORIA DE FUNDAMENTOS DA ASSISTÊNCIA DE ENFERMAGEM: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Souza Maria Clara Silva , Ferreira Jhonata Silva , Cabral Débora Fernandes Barros , Bezerra Priscila dos Santos , Silva Antônio José Siqueira , Bastos Mírian Letícia Carmo , Borges Renata Campos de Sousa , Caldato Milena Coelho Fernandes
Published: August 2023

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O USO DA METODOLOGIA DA PROBLEMATIZAÇÃO EM ATIVIDADES INTEGRADAS DE SAÚDE E OS DESAFIOS NO PERÍODO PANDÊMICO
Authors: Figueira Simone Aguiar da Silva , Ferreira Ilma Pastana , Freitas Jofre Jacob da Silva , Santos Greice Nivea Viana dos , Souza Adjanny Estela Santos de , Santos Greice Nara Viana dos , Silva Lêda Lima da
Published: August 2023

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Studies of dose distribution to Lung and Stomach and Estimation of Second Cancer Risk due to Outfeld Dose in Radiotherapy with 60Co Teletherapy Beam
Authors: MZ Hossain , MUH Musfika , N Arobi , T Siddiqua , HM Jamilc , AKM Moinul Haque Meaze , Md Shakilur Rahman
Published: August 2023

A critical component of the radiation regimen for treating cancer patients is the precise dose delivery to the treatment organ while minimizing the dose to the healthy tissue. This study aims to evaluate in-field organ dose and dose distribution outside the target organs to estimate the excess lifetime risk of second cancer. The study was carried out with a male Alderson Rando Phantom. 20 sets of thermoluminescence dosimeters (MTS-100) were used in this study. The in-field organs absorbed dose was measured by inserting TLDs at different geometrical depths of the left lung, right lung, and stomach, and for peripheral organs skin dose TLDs were placed at the surface of the corresponding organs. Target organs were irradiated at 100 cGy and 200 cGy by a 60Co teletherapy unit, and irradiated TLDs were read out by a RE-2000 TLD reader. For precise dose delivery to the cancerous organs by 60Co teletherapy, the depth dose correction factor for lung cancer treatment is 0.8667 ± 0.01, and for the stomach is 0.7856 ± 0.017. In the case of the treatment for the lung and stomach, the closest organs received significant doses compared to the other distant organs. Thus, the risk of second cancer due to the peripheral dose is obtained. The stomach is at the highest risk when the lung is the target and the liver is at the highest risk when the stomach is the targeted organ.
Score for the Group SL(2,38)
Authors: Jasim Niran sabah , Lfta Mohammed Ibrahem , Issa Ahmad
Published: August 2023

The set of all (n×n) non-singular matrices over the field F. And this set forms a group under the operation of matrix multiplication. This group is called the general linear group of dimension  over the field F, denoted by . The determinant of these matrices is a homomorphism from  into F* and the kernel of this homomorphism was the special linear group and denoted by  Thus  is the subgroup of  which contains all matrices of determinant one.
The rationally valued characters of the rational representations are written as a linear combination of the induced characters for the groups discussed in this paper. We find the Artin indicator for this group after studying the rationally valued characters of the rational representations and the induced characters.
Direct Method for Variational Problems Using Boubaker Wavelets
Authors: Ouda Eman Hassan
Published: August 2023

The wavelets have many applications in engineering and the sciences, especially mathematics. Recently, in 2021, the wavelet Boubaker (WB) polynomials were used for the first time to study their properties and applications in detail. They were also utilized for solving the Lane-Emden equation. The aim of this paper is to show the truncated Wavelet Boubaker polynomials for solving variation problems. In this research, the direct method using wavelets Boubaker was presented for solving variational problems. The method reduces the problem into a set of linear algebraic equations. The fundamental idea of this method for solving variation problems is to convert the problem of a function into one that involves a finite number of variables. Different numerical examples were given to demonstrate the applicability and validity of this method using the Matlab program. Also, the results of this technique were compared with the exact solution, and graphs were added to these examples to test the convergence of Wavelet Boubaker polynomials using this method.
Anatomical Study for Vegetative Organs of Pelargonium graveolens L.'Hér Cultivated in Iraq
Authors: Nassrullah Israa , Noori Mohamed Marwan
Published: August 2023

The current investigation concluded an  anatomical study of the cultivated species Pelargonium graveolens  L. 'Hér belong to the  Geraniaceae family and which  cultivated as an  ornamental plant, fresh specimen were collected from different region  in  Baghdad ,the study vegetative parts (leaf, stem and petiole) in details ,the upper and lower epidermis of leaf and epidermis of  stem  also studied, ordinary epidermal cells and stomatal complexes studied in term of shapes and  dimensions  ,the result showed that stomatal in leaf and stem is anomocytic type, the cross sections of the vegetative parts  prepared by microtome and free hand sectioning. The tissues of these parts include the number and the type of layers and thickness of each one  , the result showed the presence of druses crystals in parenchyma cells of the petiole, stem and leaf. Vistur type of this organs also studied and it comprises of glandular and non-glandular trichomes which occur in different types and lengths.
Colors of Mind Determines Colors of Choice – Pakistani Consumer Behavior
Authors: Sabri Rabia , Amir Tehzeeb Sakina
Published: August 2023

Color is a key factor in influencing customer purchase decisions; it shapes and visualizes products in the minds of the end-users. Color is an excellent medium for influencing consumer perceptions of a brand and shifting preferences. In the study, it was expected that color would have an impact on consumer purchasing decisions, that it might help people remember brands better, and that there might be differences in color preferences between men and women. The research also investigated whether the weather influenced customer purchasing decisions, as well as differences in color kinds and preferences and socio-cultural influences. To conduct the research, a self-made questionnaire was administered to a sample of 462 people (26 items). There was a considerable gender difference in Pakistani consumers' color choices, which suggests that color has a big impact on their purchasing decisions. Consumers' color preferences are influenced by a variety of factors, including cultural conventions and the weather. Customers' evolving requirements and desires are also linked to cultural, gendered, and personal preferences/differences in the paper's use of color psychology. Marketers/advertisers can use the findings of this study to increase consumer interest in their products/services by focusing on the power of color.
Direct and Indirect Evidence of Wildlife Presence in Corbett National Park Ramnagar Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Shalini  , Bhawna Pant
Published: August 2023

Corbett National Park is a dense forest gifted by nature with huge flora and fauna. But it is difficult to see all the animals of its fauna together because most of the animals are nocturnal and live in the core area of Corbett Park. Hence some large mammals like Tigers, Elephants, Jackals, wild boar, herbivores species, some birds and some reptiles etc. are directly visible in Corbett. Sometimes animal is not found directly but its body parts like bones, antlers, teeth, nails, feathers or other evidence like fecal matter, dropping, footprints, eggs, feathers, skin hairs, nest, holes, pits, scent, blood spots/ meat, scrapping marks on trees (claw/nails), peeled bark, bitten grass, bite marks on green leaves and dropped fruits etc. are found which show the presence of particular animal species. These evidence are helpful in field visits to study the animal life, its behaviour, its population, its feeding preference, its territory and its movement etc. All these evidences attract the Tourists, researchers, wildlife lovers, birdwatchers, nature conservators and local communities towards the forest and helpful in research studies and in conservation projects also make the forest journey more adventurous.
Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Mitigasi Bencana Banjir di Dusun Kahena RT 007/017 Desa Batu Merah Kecamatan Sirimau Kota Ambon
Authors: Masuku Rulli , Lasaiba Mohammad Amin
Published: August 2023

Penanggulangan bencana banjir berbasis pada partisipasi masyarakat merupakan kegiatan dalam rangka mengurangi resiko akibat bencana. Penelitian ini mengkaji partisipasi masyarakat dalam mitigasi bencana banjir dengan populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah Kepala Keluarga di  Dusun Kahena RT 007/017 Desa Batu Merah Kecamatan Sirimau Kota Ambon. Sampel diambil secara purposive sampling, sebanyak 25 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan cara yaitu: observasi, wawancara, dan kuesioner serta dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif menggunakan tabel-tabel frekuensi hingga ke tingkat persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa adanya partisipasi yang baik dan kesadaran masyarakat yang secara rutin dalam  pembersihan di selokan, got, dan sungai.  Selain itu adanya pembangunan tembok penahan dan tanggul di sepanjang sungai serta ditunjang dengan penghijauan di bantaran sungai, serta adanya larangan penggundulan hutan oleh pemerintah  yang bertujuan untuk mencegah terjadinya pengikisan tanah oleh air (abrasi), sekaligus sebagai daerah tangkapan hujan sehingga air hujan dapat diserap oleh pepohonan dan semak belukar
Rig Veda 1.164.37
Authors:   Global Synergetic Foundation New Delhi India, Shankar Sati
Published: August 2023

This paper is an exploration in Rig Veda 1.164.37
Vaidik Antariksha
Authors:   Global Synergetic Foundation New Delhi India, Shankar Sati
Published: August 2023

Vaidik Antariksha has been a less explored in the long tradition vaidik studies. We make a comprehensive presentation and interpretation of Vaidik Antariksha based on original sources.
Semantic universals in the evolution of colour terms in the Proto-Slavic and Proto-Turkic languages
Authors: Kozhemyakova Ekaterina Arkadevna , Isaev Yury Nikolaevich , Gubanov Aleksey Rafailovich , Petukhova Mariia Evgenevna
Published: August 2023

The aim of the research is to identify semantic universals in the evolution of colour terms in the Proto-Slavic and Proto-Turkic languages. The paper analyses the semantics of the Indo-European proto-forms of Proto-Slavic colour terms and the Altaic proto-forms of Proto-Turkic colour terms. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that a comparative analysis of the semantics of the oldest proto-forms of colour terms belonging to two different language families is carried out. Traditionally, these names are considered an example illustrating the national specifics of the reflection of the surrounding reality in the language of a particular people, however, a systematic study of the semantics of colour terms in the diachronic aspect reveals similar features indicating the presence of fundamental differences between modern and ancient perception characteristic of different languages. To identify such semantic universals, the researchers carried out a component analysis of the semantics of the ancient proto-forms that had developed the meaning of the colours white, black, red, blue, green and yellow and their shades in the Proto-Slavic and Proto-Turkic languages. As a result, the following semantic universals have been identified: the absence of an initial semantic connection with the reference object, the presence of a semantic connection with light, the syncretism of the denoted colour tone.
Functioning of the Mari language in the school education system in the past and the present
Authors: Kondrashkina Elena Alekseevna
Published: August 2023

The study aims to obtain results showing the functioning of the Mari language in the school education system starting with its first appearance in the curriculum up to its current disadvantaged position in Mari El schools. Some reasons that have led to this situation are also identified. To solve the problem, the author reviews the available scientific works of Mari and other scholars, census and sociological survey data, as well as federal and regional laws relating to the education system and the Mari language. Attention is also paid to those significant events in the country that influenced both the state of the education system and the psychological mood of the population. The article consists of two sections – the Mari language in the past and in the present. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that it is the first to show the functioning of the Mari language in school education in comparison, covering both the 18th and 19th centuries and the 21st one. The 20th century was omitted deliberately, as it has already been described in a number of the author’s earlier papers. The results obtained showed that the situation with the study of the Mari language in schools is still unsatisfactory for a number of reasons and that the regional authorities pay insufficient attention to the vitality of the Mari language, the preservation of which directly depends on its position in the school education system.
Key Challenges and Strategies Towards Sustainable Infrastructure Development in Malaysia
Authors:   Universiti Teknologi MARA, Mustaffa Nur Kamaliah , Nor Shahrudin Nur Shuhada ,   Universiti Teknologi MARA, Abdul Aziz Mohd Feisal Hafiz ,   Public Service Department of Malaysia, Mustaffa Aminuddin ,   Universiti Sultan Zainal Abdin
Published: August 2023

The world is fixated on climate change because of its damageto the environment and the ripple effect it can have on people's health and the economy. This study aims to delve into research focusingon sustainable infrastructure development in Malaysia, as well as the main obstacles and approaches to taking on such a task. This study used a mixed-methods system, which allowed for the collectiona large amount of data and made it easy to compare results from different settings. The study found that more people are aware of sustainable impact assessment in infrastructure projects and familiar with resilient,sustainable development than sustainable performance evaluation. The studies also showed that the main problems in implementing sustainability include minimising adverse hazards, financial and budget investment issues, as well as inadequate governance and management. The proposed measures are broken down into monetary, institutional, and organisational themes. Possible steps toward a more sustainable infrastructure involve increasing green investment and financing, fostering green policies and environmental regulations, promoting green technologies and materials, andgrowing capacity through improved awareness andtraining. The findings of this study provide construction stakeholders with insight into an analysis of existing methodologies and strategies for integrating sustainable infrastructure development. Resolving obstacles and refining implementation tactics facilitated the effectiveness of the transformation towards a more sustainable infrastructure.
Interlocking Bricks: Density and Compressive Strength Reduction Due to Addition of Kaolin Clay and RHA
Authors:   Universiti Teknologi MARA, Ibrahim Norisham , Muhammad Rashidi Hanna Athirah ,   Bangunan Kerajaan Persekutuan
Published: August 2023

This study investigates the density and compressive strength of interlocking bricks made of mortar added with kaolin clay as cement replacement and RHA for sand replacement. This research also investigated the chemical composition of kaolin clay and RHA used for the interlocking bricks. The mortar used was designed based on the concrete mix proportion of 1:2:3 but removed the coarse aggregate. The water-to-cement ratio utilized was 0.6. Each design mix comprises a combination of kaolin clay and RHA at 5%, 10% and 15% by the total weight of cement and sand, respectively. This paper demonstrates the chemical elements of the kaolin clay and RHA and reports the density and compressive strength of the interlocking bricks comparedto control samples. The results indicate that the density and compressive strength of the interlocking bricks decreases as the percentage of kaolin clay and RHA increases. The design mix containing 5% kaolin clay and RHA showed the highest density and compressive strength at 28 days, but the values were smaller than the control mix.In comparison to the control mix, the finding is as follows. At 28 days, the range of density reduction from day 3 for all mixes is between 16 to 25%. Meanwhile, the compressive strength of all mixes decreased by more than 65%, measured in the same duration. The result also showed that silicon dioxide (SiO2) contributes the most significant chemical element in kaolin clay and RHA. Kaolin clay contains almost 65% of SiO2, while RHA holds more than 90% of SiO2.
Determination of Water Resources in Tube Well Using Hydrofacies for Riverbank Filtration
Authors:   Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Zakaria Siti Nor Farhana , Abd Rashid Nur Aziemah ,   Universiti Sains Malaysia, Abustan Ismail ,   Universiti Sains Malaysia, Abdul Aziz Hamidi ,   Universiti Sains Malaysia
Published: August 2023

The reliability of water in riverbank filtration application is hard to be determined since the source of water and what happen at below ground cannot be see. These difficulties give effect for application of riverbank filtration since it is important in determination of its water quality and quantity. Due to that, this method was suggested to be used to determine the source of water in pumping well (PW) at Lubok Buntar, Kedah. The soil and water samples were taken from the PW and river water to determine the soil type and major ion (anion and cations). The results show that most of PW soil type is sandy loam (52%). Based on the piper diagram of the hydrofacies showed that the RW and PW were connected for a certain period of time. The most predominant cationin the PW was Na2+-CI-, consequently, the tube well water mostly came from groundwater rather than from river water. Therefore, this location is suitable for riverbank filtration applications as it has two reliable water sources. Due to that, for riverbank filtration water treatment, the river and groundwater water quality and quantity is important in order to make sure the system is reliable and sustainable.
Transport Analysis of Copper in Boac River Marinduque, Philippines
Authors:   Mapúa University, Logmao Jenina , Orcilla Lara Therese ,   Mapúa University, Sun Kelly Lois ,   Mapúa University, Monjardin Cris Edward ,   Mapúa University, De Jesus Kevin Lawrence ,   Mapúa University
Published: August 2023

In 1996, over 1.6 million cubic meters of mine tailings were released along Boac River, Marinduque, Philippines declaring it biologically dead. Numerous studies found traces of heavy metals along this river, and bioaccumulation became a problem. Several heavy metals contaminating the river were reported to be ingestible by humans; one of which is Copper (Cu). With that, this study investigated Cu dispersion in the downstream area of Boac River. This was first done by coordinating with the “Development of Health Index: Vulnerability to Extreme Environmental Events for Marinduque island.” (D-HIVE) project in collecting the water quality data, rainfall data, and digital elevation models (DEMs). Using the Hydrologic Engineering Center’s River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) 6.2, the analyses were conducted by inputting the collected data. The flood hazard maps showed minimal spread in high-elevation areas and distinct spread in low-lying areas. The highest flood velocity was in the starting and middle points of the watershed, indicating these areas have the highest potential to liftCu content and transport it into the downstream area and floodplain. The spatial variability maps showed that pH increases while Cu content decreases as water flows toward the downstream area. Overall, this study successfully determined the dispersion of Cu along Boac River.
Talent Development Practises at Higher Education Institutions in Malaysia during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case of a Public University in the Southern Region
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Omar Siti Sarah , Mohd Angsor Mohd Asmadi ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Min Tan Angeline Jia ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Published: August 2023

Talent Development (TD) is important for every institution, including higher education. However,fewinstitutions regard TD as one of their most crucial elements. During Covid-19, academics experienced stress and faced challenges when they had to alter their regular teaching and learning activities, such as switching to an online learning platform during the pandemic. This study, therefore, examined how the pandemic has affected TD practises in higher education institutions as human capital is the most important resource to an organisation. The research objective was to examine TD practises at a public Higher Education Institution (HEI) in Malaysia during the pandemic. This study employed a qualitative research methodology, namely phenomenological interviews, which enabled the researcher to capture the respondents’ actual experiences. In this study, two HR representatives and two academics from the sameuniversity participated as interviewees. Performance management, coaching, leadership development, and talent acquisition were themes that emerged from the interviews, along with several subthemes like hybrid, webinar courses, talent pool, and requirements. This study is significant in that it highlighted the value of TD practises in the higher education sector, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, as a guide for HEI administrators, this study helps in the revision of their existing strategies and understanding of the capacity gaps between the current academic skill level and the changing employment requirements to ultimately establish a coordinated TD.
Between Separation and Integration: Moldova’s Bulgarian Minority and the Collapse of the Soviet Union
Authors: Harrington Keith
Published: August 2023

This article investigates how the Bulgarian community of southern Moldova experienced the collapse of the Soviet Union. It questions why Moldova’s Bulgarian population refused offers from the Gagauz and Ukraine’s Bulgarian minority to join them in their quest for autonomy. The fact they chose not to is somewhat puzzling, as Moldova’s Bulgarian minority shared many of the same grievances as the Gagauz and Ukrainian Bulgarians, and they were offered considerable concessions to join each movement. I argue that there were several reasons for this. Firstly, Bulgarians in Taraclia distrusted the Gagauz and Ukrainian Bulgarians. Secondly, local political elites quickly realised they could extract greater concessions from Chișinău by aligning with the central government during such a tumultuous period. Finally, relations between Taraclia and Chișinău were characterized by a high degree of pragmatism.
Maksim the Greek
Authors: Bushkovitch Paul
Published: August 2023

Studies in both Russia and Italy over the past sixty-odd years on Maksim Grek (né Michael Trivolis) on his Greek origins and formation, his time spent in Florence, Venice, and Mirandola, his education, personal ties, and work there, and on his original writings and translations while in Muscovy have greatly enriched our knowledge of this central figure in 16th-century Russian religion and culture. Of special note here are evidence of manuscripts he copied while in Italy, precise borrowings from Savonarola’s and other Roman Catholic writings, and a polemic Maksim composed in Russia against a Spanish-Flemish treatise on Augustine’s City of God. Much work also still remains to be done on Maksim’s original compositions, on the impact of his translations, and his international connections during his time in Muscovy.
Did the Rostov Church Collect Tribute from the Horde?
Authors: Lenhoff Gail
Published: August 2023

A medieval narrative reports on unusual measures taken by the khans in response to economic and financial crises in Suzdalia after the Mongol census there in 1257/58. Correlation of the tale’s testimony with chronicles, charters and accounts of Mongol practices in conquered lands sheds new light on relationships between the Rostov bishops and the Horde that developed during the period of flux when the collection of tribute had not yet been regularized.
Late Witchcraft Prosecutions in Imperial Russia within a Comparative European Context
Authors: Worobec Christine D.
Published: August 2023

While Russia was an early practitioner within a European context in ceasing to apply the death penalty against suspected witches and sorcerers in 1744, it continued to prosecute them in what became a two-tiered system under Catherine II that lasted until the mid-nineteenth century. The last known prosecutions of witchcraft in Russia in the 1860s occurred several decades after the very last trials in places such as Bavaria (1792), Württemberg (1805), and Spain (1820). Based on archival and legal sources, this essay focuses on Catherine’s limited measures of decriminalization largely through the creation of “merciful” courts of equity in Russian and Ukrainian areas of the empire and their unintended consequences, including the aggravation of existing social tensions in the countryside.
Pelatihan Step By Step Pembuatan Blog Menggunakan Wordpress untuk Remaja Desa Tegal Arum
Authors: Kadarsih Kadarsih , Pujianto Defi , Agustina Mita , Astuti Amanda Rahayu , Kirani Putri Wahyu , Dessy Kristianti Yohana Fransisca , Samudra Heru Jun
Published: August 2023

Blog making training using Wordpress in Tegal Arum OKU village. The target of this training is youth. The reason for choosing the topic is the gadget that has changed the routine of teenagers which is not always positive. Sometimes the use of gadgets is not optimal. Based on this, training activities for making Blogs are carried out. The goal is to share knowledge to create a digital footprint. Training is given directly and practiced using gadgets. Through this service activity, youth have knowledge of how to create a blog using Wordpress.
Peluang Bisnis Limbah Bonggol Jagung Menjadi Briket Pada Kelompok PKK Desa Mentasan
Authors: Sukowati Dwi , Farisi Herdian , Yuwono Triat Adi
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this community service is to assist the community in making briquettes from corncob waste and provide knowledge transfer about briquette product packaging and briquette marketing which can become a business opportunity for the PKK group in Mentasan Village, Cilacap Regency. The method used in carrying out this service is Participation Action Research (PAR). The PAR approach emphasizes solving problems and meeting the practical needs of the community, as well as producing knowledge. The problem that is being solved with the community is related to the accumulation of corncob waste and the production of knowledge in the form of briquette products as well as the transfer of knowledge about how briquettes can have business opportunities through stimulus through counseling on packaging and marketing of briquette products. The results of the dedication show that partners have been able to make corncob waste briquettes independently and have a better understanding of how to package and market briquette products.
Sosialisasi Sistem Informasi Pemantauan Kesehatan dan Status Gizi Ibu Hamil Cegah Stunting
Authors: Wardhina Faizah , Gunarti Rina , Poernareksa Dwidya
Published: August 2023

Stunting is the condition of a toddler having a height that is less when compared to age. Stunting occurs due to malnutrition, especially during the first 1000 days of life. One way to prevent stunting is to fulfill nutrition and health services to pregnant women. At the examination of pregnant women, all examination results are recorded in the Maternal and Child Health book and the register book for pregnant women manually. This manual recording system can result in a slow search for the health history of pregnant women. In addition, there is a possibility that the KIA book is left at home. The purpose of this service activity is to contribute to the stunting reduction acceleration program by socializing the information system for monitoring the health and nutritional status of pregnant women for stunting prevention. The method of service using socialization begins with the introduction of the information system created and the implementation of trials. The results of this service activity are that the information system is considered very easy to use and the program can be used at Posyandu so that it can be integrated with the Primary Health Care.