bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Des femmes aux marges de l'activité, au cœur de la flexibilité
Authors: Battagliola Françoise
Published: March 2015

Depuis trois décennies, la hausse de l’activité professionnelle des femmes ne s’est pas démentie, même lorsqu’elles élèvent de jeunes enfants. Mais un renversement de tendance se fait jour au milieu des années 1990 : dès la naissance de leur deuxième enfant, les femmes, et surtout les plus jeunes et les plus modestes d’entre elles, interromptent fréquemment leur activité. L’imbrication précoce de l’engagement familial et de l’entrée dans le monde du travail affecte les itinéraires professionnels des jeunes mères, ponctués par le chômage et la précarité. Exposées à la flexibilité du temps de travail et aux formes atypiques d’emploi, incitées à se consacrer à l’éducation de leurs jeunes enfants par les politiques sociales, en butte aux rapports de force entre les sexes au sein de la famille, ces jeunes mères sont évincées du marché du travail, alors même que leur lien à l’emploi demeure vivace.
Les femmes et les politiques d'emploi
Authors: Fouquet Annie , Rack Claude
Published: March 2015

L’emploi est-il un droit ? Un droit pour les citoyens ? Un droit pour les femmes ? Comment les politiques d’emploi prennent-elles en compte la question du genre ? L’emploi n’apparaît dans le droit qu’au début des années quatre-vingt quand la norme d’emploi cesse d’être un objectif de politique économique (“le plein emploi”) pour devenir un aspect des politiques sociales. Les femmes y sont peu présentes, car la notion d’emploi est fondée sur le poste de travail ouvrier industriel masculin, qualifié, stable et à temps plein, dont sont tirées des garanties sociales qui correspond peu à la place des femmes. Plus souvent non qualifiées, dans les services, à temps partiel, à durée déterminée, ou “inactives”, celles-ci tirent leurs garanties sociales de leur double rôle de travailleuses salariées et d’épouses (droits dérivés). Les politiques spécifiques d’emploi qui se développent à partir des années quatre-vingt sans remettre en cause cette notion d’emploi, n’ont pas pensé la place spécifique des femmes, et ont globalement reproduit les inégalités des hommes et des femmes sur le marché du travail. Dotés de montants faibles voire symboliques, les dispositifs spécifiques mis en place au début des années quatre-vingt n’ont eu qu’un rôle très marginal avant d’être progressivement supprimés. L’héritage universaliste qui imprègne en France le droit et les pratiques des acteurs interdit de penser “l’action positive”. La nouvelle stratégie européenne pour l’emploi, appliquée en France dans le Plan National d’Action pour l’Emploi (PNAE) 1999 qui inscrit des indicateurs chiffrés concernant l’égalité entre hommes et femmes, entraînera-t-il un tournant durable des pratiques françaises ?
L'accès à l'emploi : un mirage pour les assistantes maternelles ?
Authors: Lecomte Sarah
Published: March 2015

Totalement inscrit dans l’univers privé domestique, l’activité professionnelle des assistantes maternelles “employées” directement par des particuliers, fondée juridiquement sur un statut salarial récent et plus que flottant, cumule les ingrédients à la fois de la précarité institutionnalisée et de l’invisibilité. Activité internalisée étroitement liée le plus souvent à du travail au noir, à des services rendus gratuitement et à des échanges extra-marchands, travail et activité effectués et devant être effectués dans “l’ordre naturel des choses”, contournement de la base économique du rapport salarial, “naturalisation” des savoir-faire maternels, sont autant d’éléments qui enrayent l’accès au rang d’emploi de cette activité, qui reste dès lors une figure du sous-salariat et du sous-emploi. A domicile, l’emploi entre particuliers reste un mirage, socialement réservé aux femmes, de milieux populaires.
La loi sur les 35 heures à l'épreuve des droits des femmes
Authors: Miné Michel
Published: March 2015

Cet article juridique analyse les principales dispositions du projet de loi sur la réduction de la durée légale du travail au regard des droits des femmes. Il met notamment l’accent grâce à la méthode de la discrimination indirecte sur les effets défavorables possibles et parfois déjà constatés de certaines règles en matière de temps de travail. Mais il examine aussi des silences du projet, sources d’inégalités professionnelles pour les femmes. Il attire l’attention sur des points essentiels pour les salariées, souvent négligées dans le débat, comme la modification des horaires de travail ou les droits individuels. Il démontre l’importance, encore largement sous-évaluée, du droit de la négociation dans l’entreprise. Enfin, il ouvre des pistes de réflexion pour une réécriture du droit du temps de travail, s’appuyant notamment sur les droits fondamentaux de la personne et sur des principes juridiques, susceptible de garantir l’égalité de traitement aux femmes.
Quand des femmes représentent l'état
Authors: Schweitzer Sylvie
Published: March 2015

L’histoire des femmes au travail est souvent celle de contradictions entre les discours dominants et les faits, mais aussi celle de paradoxes. Interdits, pression sociale, objections sur les compétences et l’intelligence, les discours abondent pour justifier la mise à l’écart des femmes, pour réserver aux hommes les lieux de décision et d’autorité. Pourtant, fugacement et localement, l’État a su accorder à des femmes une place dans l’institution, comme pour les chefs de bureau et les inspectrices du travail, et parfois d’importance, avec les inspectrices des salles d’asiles et les inspectrices générales du ministère de l’Intérieur. Les recherches sur ces professions et fonctions sont pour l’instant à peine ébauchées, on veut juste essayer de rappeler que, en pleine misogynie affichée des XIXe et XXe siècles, des femmes sont présentes dans les hiérarchies de la fonction publique, pointant ainsi de fortes contradictions sociales.
Virilité défensive, masculinité créatrice
Authors: Molinier Pascale
Published: March 2015

En s’appuyant sur les recherches cliniques et théoriques en psychodynamique du travail, l’auteur défend l’idée que l’analyse des processus sociaux et subjectifs qui construisent la masculinité créatrice, par différence avec la virilité défensive, est une étape capitale dans la déconstruction du système social de sexe.
Aux origines d'HEC Jeunes Filles, Louli Sanua
Authors: Delorme-Hoechstetter Marielle
Published: March 2015

Figure singulière dans le monde du féminisme bourgeois du début du siècle, Louli Sanua a créé, en 1916, la première école supérieure de commerce pour jeunes filles, qui deviendra HECJF, école de haut enseignement commercial pour jeunes filles. Pédagogue et organisatrice de talent, cette jeune institutrice âgée de 30 ans, a réussi en quelques années à constituer un solide réseau d’appuis dans le monde éducatif et politique qui lui a permis de faire exister en peu d’années un établissement d’enseignement supérieur dont la réputation s’est affirmée rapidement. HECJF, qui a fermé ses portes en 1975, lorsque la mixité devenait la norme, a formé quelques 4500 jeunes femmes. Dès les débuts de l’École, sa fondatrice s’est battue pour faire admettre et reconnaître la légitimité du travail des femmes et leur aptitude à exercer des fonctions de cadres, à égalité de statut et de rémunération avec leurs collègues masculins.
Les femmes ingénieurs en Grèce (1923-1996) :
Authors: Chatzis Konstantinos
Published: March 2015

Consacré à la rencontre entre le métier de l’ingénieur et le sexe féminin en Grèce, cet article tente une première reconstitution et une analyse des épisodes les plus importants d’une « conquête » qui démarre il y a trois quarts de siècle et qui se poursuit, à des rythmes de plus en plus accélérés, jusqu’à nos jours. Les différentes étapes qui jalonnent l’accès croissant de la femme grecque à la profession de l’ingénieur sont ici éclairées par une analyse du monde des ingénieurs grecs dont la structure particulièrement atypique, par rapport aux caractéristiques prédominantes de la profession dans d’autres pays européens, est à mettre au compte d’un développement économique de la société grecque également original.
Travail domestique et injustice
Authors: Sachse Carola
Published: March 2015

L’excédent de population féminine représenta dans l’après-guerre l’un des problèmes sociaux les plus débattus. Cette question disparut toutefois du discours public après 1949, date de la fondation des deux États allemands. Les femmes célibataires devinrent alors une minorité passée sous silence qui, sous maints aspects, se sentit désavantagée par rapport aux femmes mariées. Un point de cristallisation de ce sentiment de discrimination fut le “jour de ménage” et son organisation juridique. Il s’agissait d’un jour par mois de congé payé, réservé aux salariées pour leur permettre d’accomplir les gros travaux de ménage. Ce privilège fut refusé non seulement aux hommes mais encore, la plupart du temps, aux femmes célibataires. A l’Est comme à l’Ouest, ces dernières, ainsi que quelques hommes, s’élevèrent violemment contre cette mesure inégalitaire. A travers ces conflits, c’est - selon la thèse centrale du texte - un sentiment d’injustice qui s’exprimait et ce sentiment témoigne d’une continuité dans les mentalités au-delà des différences de système politique et de sexe.
En poste à temps partiel
Authors: Lallement Michel
Published: March 2015

Pour s’adapter à la nouvelle donne économique qui s’impose à elle, La Poste a adopté depuis plusieurs années une série de mesures dont l’un des objectifs consiste à favoriser la professionnalisation du travail et la flexibilité de l’emploi. Le temps partiel a fait l’objet à ce titre d’une campagne de promotion interne. Fondé sur les résultats d’une enquête menée au sein de deux bureaux de poste de province, cet article met en évidence le fait que, loin de répondre à une logique de la conciliation « travail-famille », l’emploi à temps partiel est avant tout adopté par des salariées qui jugent leurs conditions de travail difficiles à supporter et pour lesquelles les perspectives de mobilité professionnelles sont réduites à néant. Pour dépasser par ailleurs l’opposition «choisi/contraint», il est proposé de typer les formes d’emploi à temps partiel observées à l’aide des catégories hirschmaniennes de l’action collective.
Agreement Among ASES Members on the AAOS Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Paxton E. Scott , Matzon Jonas L. , Narzikul Alexa C. , Beredjiklian Pedro K. , Abboud Joseph A.
Published: March 2015

The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) has recently developed several clinical practice guidelines (CPG) involving upper extremity conditions. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the practice patterns of members of the American Shoulder and Elbow Society (ASES) with regard to the CPGs. An e-mail survey was sent to the 340 members of the ASES. The survey contained 40 questions involving the subject matter of the 2 existing AAOS CPGs pertaining specifically to the shoulder: Optimizing the Management of Rotator Cuff Problems and the Treatment of Glenohumeral Joint Arthritis. Overall, 98 responses were obtained, for a response rate of 29%. Only 19 of 47 CPGs were not “inconclusive” and a recommendation was actually made. A majority (more than 50%) of surgeons agreed with 17 (90%) of 19 of these AAOS recommendations. A strong majority (more than 80%) adhered to 13 (68%) of 19 recommendations. There were 4 consensus recommendations, and more than 50% agreed with all of them. Of the 5 moderate recommendations, more than 50% agreed with 4 of them. There were 10 weak recommendations, and more than 50% of surgeons agreed with 9 of them. There was more than 80% agreement on 18 of 28 inconclusive recommendations. Although the AAOS CPGs are not meant to be fixed protocols, they are intended to unify treatment and/or diagnosis of common problems based on the best evidence available. Despite the majority of the AAOS CPG recommendations for rotator cuff problems and glenohumeral arthritis being inconclusive, most surgeons agree with most of the CPG recommendations. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(3):e169–e177.]
Patient-Specific Instrumentation Does Not Improve Accuracy in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Shen Chong , Tang Zhi-Hong , Hu Jun-Zu , Zou Guo-Yao , Xiao Rong-Chi , Yan Dong-Xue
Published: March 2015

Patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) has been introduced as a tool to increase the accuracy of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) compared with conventional instrumentation (CLI). However, previous studies have shown inconsistent results. The authors conducted a meta-analysis to compare the performance of PSI to CLI in TKA. PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials electronic databases were systematically searched to identify eligible trials published between 2000 and March 2014. Two reviewers independently assessed methodological quality according to the Cochrane Handbook. Subgroup analyses were performed based on the different study designs (randomized, controlled trial [RCT] vs non-randomized, controlled trial [non-RCT]), preoperative magnetic resonance imaging vs computed tomography, and systems of PSI to explore the source of heterogeneity. Fourteen studies (7 RCTs and 7 non-RCTs) involving 1906 patients were included. There were no statistical differences with respect to the outliers of mechanical axis, coronal femoral component, sagittal femoral component, femoral component rotation, operative time, blood loss, and length of hospital stay between PSI and CLI groups. The number of outliers in coronal tibial components (odds ratio, 2.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.20 to 4.35;
P
=.01) and sagittal tibial components (odds ratio, 1.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.16 to 2.42;
P
<.01) was significantly lower in the CLI group than in the PSI group. Based on the numbers available, the use of PSI compared with CLI was not likely to improve the accuracy of component alignment and treatment effects of TKA. Further high-quality RCTs are warranted to confirm the authors’ results. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(3):e178–e188.]
Standard Versus High-Flexion Posterior Stabilized Total Knee Prostheses
Authors: Li Ning , Li Junwei , Li Peng , Wang Dan , Liu Ming , Xia Lei
Published: March 2015

This meta-analysis compared clinical outcomes between standard and high-flexion posterior-stabilized total knee prostheses to evaluate which type of total knee prosthesis was superior. Randomized, controlled trials published until October 2013 comparing standard and high-flexion posterior-stabilized total knee prostheses were reviewed. Methodologic quality was assessed with the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. After data extraction, the authors compared results with fixed effects or random effects models, depending on the heterogeneity of the included studies. Eight randomized, controlled trials involving 660 patients met the predetermined inclusion criteria. No statistically significant differences between patients undergoing standard and high-flexion posterior-stabilized total knee prostheses were noted in postoperative range of motion (ROM) (weighted mean difference, −1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], −4.52 to 1.67;P=.37); flexion angle (weighted mean difference, 0.54; 95% CI, −3.75 to 4.84;P=.80); Knee Society Score (weighted mean difference, 0.92; 95% CI, −0.64 to 2.48;P=.25); Hospital for Special Surgery knee score (weighted mean difference, 0.57; 95% CI, −0.42 to 1.55;P=.26); or Knee Society function score (weighted mean difference, 1.00; 95% CI, −1.49 to 3.49;P=.43). No statistical difference was found between the 2 prosthesis types in complications, involving 21 cases in the standard group and 14 cases in the high-flexion group. The current findings confirm that high-flexion posterior-stabilized total knee prostheses are not superior to standard prostheses in terms of ROM, flexion angle, knee scores, or complications with 5 years or less of follow-up. [Orthopedics.2015; 38(3):e206–e212.]
Preliminary Trauma Radiographs Misrepresent Pubic Diastasis Injuries
Authors: Roberts Timothy T. , Tartaglione Jason P. , Dooley Timothy P. , Papaliodis Dean N. , Mulligan Michael T. , Bagchi Kaushik
Published: March 2015

The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of portable primary trauma survey radiographs in the evaluation and management of anteroposterior (AP) compression pelvic injuries. A retrospective analysis was conducted at a level I academic trauma center. Twenty-seven adults with AP compressive class pelvic ring injuries who received both portable pelvic radiographs and pelvic computed tomography (CT) imaging in an unbound pelvic state were included. Three orthopedic surgeons performed independent measurements of diastasis on portable pelvic radiographs and coronal pelvic CT reconstructions. Measurement techniques were standardized among observers and were repeated after 8 weeks to assess intraobserver reliability. Nonoperative vs operative treatments were correlated with the initial magnitude of pelvic injury on CT and portable radiographic images. Independent measurements of diastasis on both radiographs and CT scans showed excellent intraobserver reliability (average correlation coefficient, 0.986) and interobserver reliability (average correlation coefficient, 0.979). Compared with diastasis measurements on CT scans, portable pelvic radiographs overestimated diastasis by an average of 49%, or 12.6 mm (
P
<.0001; 95% confidence interval, 9.6–15.6). Portable pelvic films were less precise than standard pelvic radiographs in measuring the size of femoral head controls (

R
2

=0.919 vs 0.759;
P
=.004). In 12 of the 27 patients evaluated, radiographic indications for operative pelvic fixation were met by portable radiographs but not CT scans, and 11 of these patients ultimately underwent operative fixation. Portable AP pelvic radiographs may distort and exaggerate pelvic bony injuries, especially those involving anterior pelvic structures. Surgeons should use caution when making management decisions based on preliminary portable pelvic radiographs. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(3):e229–e233.]
Modular Hip Implant Fracture at the Stem-Sleeve Interface
Authors: Parisi Thomas , Burroughs Brian , Kwon Young-Min
Published: March 2015

The use of modular implants in femoral stem design has grown increasingly popular over the last decade because of the theoretical advantage of more flexibility and optimization of femoral anteversion, limb length, and femoral component offset. With the benefit of increased surgical flexibility, however, modularity also carries the theoretical risks of fretting at the modular surfaces, sequelae of wear debris, and possible failure and fracture of the stem at the modular junction. Indeed, there have been an increasing number of reports of modular implants failing due to fracture at modular junctions. The S-ROM prosthesis (DePuy Orthopaedics, Inc, Warsaw, Indiana), however, has a stellar clinical record and has been used with good results in both primary and revision total hip arthroplasty. Only a single case of S-ROM failure at the stem-sleeve interface has been reported in the orthopedic literature. The aim of this case report was to present a succinct history of proximal modularity in total hip arthroplasty and to describe the only known case of this type of catastrophic failure in an S-ROM prosthesis with a metal-on-metal bearing. Despite a low level of serum metal ions on presentation, scanning electron microscopy showed findings consistent with corrosive processes and pseudotumor was seen at revision surgery. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(3):e234–e239.]
Treatment of Symptomatic Intraosseous Pneumatocyst Using Intraoperative Navigation
Authors: Formby Peter M. , Kang Daniel G. , Potter Benjamin K. , Forsberg Jonathan A.
Published: March 2015

Intraosseous pneumatocysts are benign air-containing lesions that are most often found in the spine and pelvis and are nearly always treated nonoperatively. Although rarely clinically symptomatic, studies have shown pneumatocysts to be present in up to 10% of computed tomography (CT) scans of the pelvis and spine. Radiographic characteristics of these lesions include a localized collection of gas with a thin sclerotic rim, no bony destruction, no soft tissue masses, and no medullary abnormalities. Computed tomography is the diagnostic study of choice, with Hounsfield units ranging from −580 to −950, showing a gas-containing lesion. Few studies have described the management of symptomatic pneumatocysts, and all reported cases concern underwater divers, presumably because of greater pressure cycling and barotrauma encountered while underwater diving. The goal of this report is to describe the intraoperative CT-guided navigation and percutaneous injection of calcium sulfate-calcium phosphate composite bone graft substitute material for the treatment of a symptomatic pneumatocyst in the ilium of a Navy dive instructor. The patient reported a 1-year history of increasing buttock pain with increased depth of diving, consistently reproduced by diving past a depth of 20 to 30 feet. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first description in the English literature of the operative treatment of an intraosseous pneumatocyst of the ilium. The use of intraoperative CT guidance permitted accurate percutaneous localization, decompression, and filling of the lesion with synthetic bone graft substitute, with complete early relief of symptoms. At 6-month follow up, the patient had reached diving depths of 170 feet without pain. [
Orthopedics
. 2015; 38(3):e244–e247.]
Interculturalismo y Republicanismo: cruce de miradas sobre la diversidad cultural
Authors: Wences Isabel
Published: March 2015

Cuando se habla de gestionar la diversidad cultural o de políticas de acomodo y reconocimiento de la diferencia, muchas veces se piensa en modelos comunitaristas donde se pretende afianzar, de manera cerrada y exclusiva, bienes culturales densos o en la dificultad que conlleva aplicar sin matices algunos de los principios del liberalismo en determinados contextos, como son la universalidad o la laicidad rígida. En este trabajo se exploran otras formas de acercarse a este reto de convivir armónicamente en la diversidad cultural, en concreto las de, por una parte, un republicanismo pluralista e inclusivo y, por la otra, el modelo quebequés de integración y gestión de la diversidad cultural conocido como interculturalismo. Asimismo, se indaga sobre las posibilidades de entablar vías convergentes entre ambas.
Entrepreneurship Factor in Institutional Development
Authors: Ebenezer Eva Esther Shalin , Adei Timothy W. Y. A.
Published: March 2015

In 2000, The Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration (GIMPA) was a government subvented institution on the verge of collapse and threatened by privatization. In less than a decade, GIMPA has achieved over a 2000% increase in turnover and become the second university in Africa to meet the conditions for membership in the Association of African Business Schools. Now ranked among the top business schools in Sub-Saharan Africa, it is the only public university in Ghana that is self-financed. It has built the largest business school faculty in the country and become the first institution in Ghana to run degree top-up programmes for HND holders. What made GIMPA so unique, especially in this area of institutional development? This chapter tries to unearth the success story from a researcher's point of view and unveil the importance of entrepreneurship in institutional transformation.
The Nexus between Governance Infrastructure and the Ease of Doing Business in Africa
Authors: Alemu Aye Mengistu
Published: March 2015

This chapter examines how each element of “good governance infrastructure” may influence the “ease of doing business” for a sample of 41 African countries from 2005 to 2012. The empirical results from GMM and other estimation methods reveal government effectiveness, political stability, rule of law, regulatory quality, and absence of corruption are robust determinants for creating conducive business atmosphere, taking into account other factors such as human capital, physical infrastructure, and the level of development of a country. Nevertheless, no evidence has been found for voice and accountability to significantly affect the ease of doing business. This implies that a government may enhance political stability, rule of law. Government effectiveness and low level of corruption is likely to create a more favorable business atmosphere despite offsetting deficiencies in voice and accountability.
Alloy Construction Service Inc.
Authors: Liu Yu
Published: March 2015

This chapter provides the details of Alloy Construction Service Company, a family-controlled construction firm located in Midland, Michigan. Robert Neumann started the company in 1981 after the deteriorating economy left him without a job. Thanks to his prior experience in the construction industry, he was able to move his company forward and gain a foothold in the chemical processing market. Unfortunately, his unexpected cancer forced his wife, Ronnie, to take over the company and continue Robert's vision in this family business. Ronnie devoted herself to the company's operations and also brought their son, Michael, to the family business. Since then, the mother and son share the major responsibilities. They have a lot in common that makes them quite compatible with each other. Under Ronnie and Michael, the family firm has become a successful business and also a respectable community member. However, the company also faces several challenges such as volatile demand and a shortage of qualified workers. In addition to these challenges, as Ronnie approaches retirement she needs to decide the future direction of the family business. In particular, she needs to weigh the alternatives of selling the company and letting Michael run the company on his own. Only time will tell which decision works best.
Moneyball for Knowledge Management
Authors: Weidner Douglas , Girard John
Published: March 2015

Moneyball is Michael Lewis's story about the use of statistical analysis and modeling by the Oakland A's baseball team to maximize games won per payroll dollar. When new techniques—analytics and evidence-based decision making—get such visibility their time may have arrived. Such analytic techniques have been known for some time as Management Science or Operations Research, but they are possibly not very well known by the Knowledge Management (KM) community. So, how will KM avail itself of this emerging capability? This chapter addresses emerging analytics by focusing on their use in the next generation of maturity models for KM.
Four Eras of CRM Selling
Authors: Gordon Cindy Marie
Published: March 2015

This chapter examines the evolution of selling, as well as the software solutions that sales professionals have used to support Customer Relationship Management (CRM) practices. Tracing over four eras of selling, spanning 30 years, including product to solution selling, customer centric selling, social selling, and big data: predictive analytics selling. This chapter examines the stark reality that after three generations of CRM: less than 50% of sales organizations do not achieve their sales quotas. It is time to seriously challenge the current approaches to Customer Relationship Management (CRM), as quota attainment is seriously underperforming, despite what sales software leaders espouse. Research from CSO Insights, Accenture (2013), and Sales Choice (2014) is compelling to pause to Think Big and Smarter! The next era's growth resides in Big Data and Predictive Analytics as advanced sciences and mathematics will pave the way to unlock productivity growth challenges that have plagued the first three eras.
On the Road to Ephesus
Authors: Roff-Wexler Suzanne
Published: March 2015

Following a brief review of literature on big data as well as wisdom, this chapter provides a definition of data-based wisdom in the context of healthcare organizations and their visions. The author addresses barriers and ways to overcome barriers to data-based wisdom. Insights from interviews with leading healthcare professionals add practical meaning to the discussion. Finally, future research directions and questions are suggested, including the role of synchronicity and serendipity in data-based wisdom. In this chapter, developing data-based wisdom systems that flourish Wisdom, Virtue, Intellect, and Knowledge are encouraged.
Pattern Recognition for Large-Scale Data Processing
Authors: Basirat Amir , Khan Asad I. , Schmidt Heinz W.
Published: March 2015

One of the main challenges for large-scale computer clouds dealing with massive real-time data is in coping with the rate at which unprocessed data is being accumulated. Transforming big data into valuable information requires a fundamental re-think of the way in which future data management models will need to be developed on the Internet. Unlike the existing relational schemes, pattern-matching approaches can analyze data in similar ways to which our brain links information. Such interactions when implemented in voluminous data clouds can assist in finding overarching relations in complex and highly distributed data sets. In this chapter, a different perspective of data recognition is considered. Rather than looking at conventional approaches, such as statistical computations and deterministic learning schemes, this chapter focuses on distributed processing approach for scalable data recognition and processing.
Transferring Data to Wisdom in Project Management
Authors: Milin Dragana
Published: March 2015

More and more companies organize their business through projects, and project management becomes a necessity rather than a luxury and permeates all aspects of business. Therefore, managing knowledge in project environments becomes a key component in project success. In this chapter, basic elements of projects, project management, and knowledge management are introduced, while the main focus of the chapter is put on knowledge transfer between projects and the parent organization. Software tools for project management are also introduced, and some of the most prominent project management software tools are presented. Project Management Office (PMO) as a key player in inter-project knowledge transfer is described, and certain points for future research are given.
Social Media as a Tool for Nonprofit Advocacy and Civic Engagement
Authors: Chapman David , Miller-Stevens Katrina , Morris John C. , O'Hallarn Brendan
Published: March 2015

Blue Star Families is a small nonprofit organization whose goal is to create a virtual community for military families, spouses, children, relatives, and the general public. Founded in 2009 by a group of military spouses, Blue Star Families combines community building and civic engagement with an advocacy role on behalf of military families. Blue Star Families aims to create a cross-sectoral community space that includes other nonprofit organizations, government agencies, private businesses, and private citizens. The organization employs several forms of social media to accomplish its goals. While Blue Star Families has been largely successful in its efforts, the study finds that social media creates challenges for small organizations, particularly in terms of monitoring for appropriate use of the common space by members of the community, acquiring adequate staff resources to analyze usage data, and finding resources to purchase access to more powerful analytics.
Cat Videos for a Cause
Authors: Schaefer Gayla , Hersey Leigh Nanney
Published: March 2015

This chapter explores the progression of a mid-sized nonprofit organization, the Central Brevard Humane Society (CBHS), as it embraces social media as part of its marketing and communications strategies. This case study explores how CBHS has used Facebook to advance its mission despite experiencing common challenges faced by nonprofit organizations when using social media. CBHS was able to overcome some of these issues through solutions and opportunities that can be used by other mid-sized nonprofit organizations to better integrate social media into their own marketing and communications strategies.
Creating Brand Ambassadors
Authors: Nemenoff Erin K. , Schenk Julia
Published: March 2015

Membership associations can face specific challenges when it comes to marketing and brand recognition. This case describes how the National Panhellenic Conference (NPC), a membership association for 26 national and international women's fraternal organizations, or “sororities,” addresses these challenges. NPC's mission is to be the premiere advocacy and support organization for the advancement of the sorority experience. However, NPC has traditionally struggled with brand recognition and identity, hampering their mission fulfillment. This chapter illustrates the social media techniques used to engage and inform NPC's key constituents through a virtual event, using a two-pronged approach. The first prong involves deepening engagement to move stakeholders to higher levels of interaction with the association. NPC must effectively communicate with its vast network of members and stakeholders to help generate greater awareness of NPC and promote sorority life in general. The second prong involves using its existing network to amplify NPC's key messages and spread it to those beyond its current network. Outputs and outcomes for the virtual event were used to determine that a defined strategy, as provided in the organization's strategic plan and logic model, impacted overall outcomes.
Friend Raising
Authors: Turner Allison , Mattson Kelsey
Published: March 2015

This case study investigates the use of social media by the United Way of Chester County (UWCC) and how social media technologies were implemented within its distinctive organizational structure. UWCC is part of an international network of United Way organizations. Each organization is independently governed; however, each operates within the same loosely configured network. This case study investigates the ways in which social media are utilized in this context and to what degree they contribute to UWCC's organizational capacity, the effectiveness of its particular strategy relative to its size and structure, and identifies significant challenges and opportunities posed by the integration of social media into UWCC's organizational operations. UWCC's gradual integration of social media into its organizational operations and the challenges it has encountered related to resistance from organizational leadership and staff, the implementation of new policies and modes of communication, resource allocation, and the effective creation and distribution of social media content are discussed. Recommendations for the continued development of UWCC's social media strategy are offered, which include integrating social media into the organization's strategic plan and budget, cultivating a social culture, creating a formal social media assessment plan, and utilizing social media to enhance relationships with other local United Ways in Southeast Pennsylvania.
Mitigating the Risks of Offsite Manufacturing through the Application of BIM
Authors: Hashemi Arman
Published: March 2015

The Iranian construction industry is facing several problems including low productivity and immense housing scarcity. It is generally believed that industrialisation and offsite manufacturing can increase the productivity of the Iranian housing industry. Yet, one of the major issues of the Iranian construction industry is defective management during design and construction processes which has considerably increased the risks of offsite construction in Iran. BIM could theoretically address these issues thanks to its potential advantages such as improved efficiency, productivity, and quality. As one of the key stakeholders, architects have a major role in the current situation of the Iranian construction industry. A questionnaire survey was conducted in architectural SMEs to study the normal practices of architects during design and construction processes on site. Frequent design changes and defective communication between stakeholders were identified as the major issues. The results reveal that BIM in general and integrated design in particular could effectively address the aforementioned issues mitigating the risks of offsite construction in Iran.
A Bounded Health Information Technology System Design Approach to Support Community-Based Care Delivery
Authors: Peyton Liam , Bindra Jaspreet , Baarah Aladdin , Chamney Austin , Kuziemsky Craig
Published: March 2015

Health information technology (HIT) offers great potential for supporting healthcare delivery, particularly collaborative care delivery that is provided across multiple settings and providers. To date much of HIT design has focused on digitizing data or processes on a departmental or healthcare provider basis. However, this bounded approach has not scaled well for supporting community based care across disparate providers or settings because of the lack of boundaries (e.g. disprate data and processes) that exist in community based care. Cloud computing approaches that leverage mobile form applications for developing integrated HIT solutions have the potential to support collaborative healthcare delivery in the community. However, to date there is a shortage of methods that describe how to develop integrated cloud computing solutions to support community based care delivery. In particular there is a need for methods that identify how to incorporate boundaries into cloud computing systems design. This paper uses a three year case study of the design of the Palliative Care Information System (PAL-IS) to provide system design insight on cloud computing approaches that leverage mobile forms applications to support community care management.
Cloud Computing Technology Innovation Advances
Authors: Ratten Vanessa
Published: March 2015

This paper seeks to investigate the advances in the consumer adoption process of technological innovations in cloud computing services. The paper aims to focus on the increased role of cognitive computing and big data affecting adoption of emerging technologies. As more consumers worldwide are using mobile computing, the role of online advertising is examined to understand the marketing affects of cloud technology. This leads to a discussion about how the value of social capital to consumers adopting cloud computing technology, which highlights how consumers learn and interact with emerging technological innovations. To overcome the concerns about security and transparency of data stored on cloud computing servers, the role of cloud computing technology in alleviating consumer concerns is stated. The findings highlight the importance of changing the mindsets of consumers when using a technological innovation and the obstacles to the use of cloud computing technology. The paper describes the advances in cloud computing technology in connection to emerging innovations that can be of use to practitioners as well as researchers in the field.
Using Twitter in Political Campaigns
Authors: Sandoval-Almazan Rodrigo
Published: March 2015

Social media has invaded elections in Mexico. However, the power of citizens through the use of this platform is still unknown. Many citizens criticize political candidates using Twitter, others build networks and some others try to collaborate with candidates. This research is focused in understanding this kind of behavior, analyzing the case of the presidential candidate Enrique Peña Nieto (PRI) in Mexico who won the presidency with a large participation but without the support of Twitter users. After two online protests against this presidential candidate - #IamnotProletariat and #Iam132 – political image could have been undermined and voters could have thought differently. But this was not the case and despite of this, the candidate won. The challenge to understand this online protest and its link to the political campaign is addressed in this paper.
Illustration of Centralized Command and Control for Flocking Behavior
Authors: Oweis Sami , Ganesan Subramaniam , Cheok Ka C
Published: March 2015

Flocking is a term that describes the behavior of a group of birds (a “flock”) in flight, or the swarming behavior of insects. This paper presents detailed information about how to use the flocking techniques to control a group of embedded controlled systems - ‘'Boids''- such as ground systems (robotic vehicles/ swarm robots). Each one of these systems collectively moves inside/outside of a building to reach a target. The flocking behavior is implemented on a server-based control, which processes each of the boids' properties e.g. position, speed & target. Subsequently, the server will assign the appropriate move to a specific boid. The calculated information will be used locally to control and direct the movements/flocking for each boid in the group. A simulation technique and detailed flow chart is presented. In addition to Reynolds three original rules for flocking, two other rules- targeting obstacle avoidance - are presented-. Our result shows that the obstacles' avoiding rule was utilized to ensure that the flock didn't collide with obstacles in each of the boids' paths.
Coherent Passive Backscatter Communications Using Ambient Transmitters
Authors: Barott William C. , Scott Kevin M.
Published: March 2015

A communications method is presented based on the backscatter modulation of incident radio frequency signals using low-complexity tags. The incident signals arise from digital television stations used as illuminators of opportunity. A receiver detects the tag using coherent processing algorithms similar to those used in passive radar, extending the detection range over published noncoherent techniques. This method enables shared use of the UHF television band for low-data-rate applications. While analyses suggest that rates exceeding 1 kbps might be achievable at 1 km range, experimental results demonstrate the challenges in designing and implementing such a system.
A Piecewise Linear Time-Varying Model for Modeling the Charging and Discharging Processes of a Lithium-Ion Battery
Authors: AlSharif Arab , Das Manohar
Published: March 2015

A piecewise linear, time-varying model for modeling the charging and discharging processes of Li-ion batteries is introduced in this paper. Such a model consists of a group of piecewise linear model segments, whose parameters are adapted online over time. Thus, the combined overall model is capable of modeling nonlinear time-varying processes, such as a Li-ion battery charging and discharging processes, quite well. Modeling results of both simulated test data and actual test data gathered from a high-power automotive-grade Li-ion cell are presented. The close matches between actual and model-predicted behaviors demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed modeling approach and indicate the potential usefulness of such models for a battery management system.
E-Mentoring Through a Network of Practice on Facebook
Authors: Lee Hsun-Ming , Mehta Mayur R.
Published: March 2015

Facebook is the most popular social networking site, with more than 500 million active members. With its ability to easily manage multi-user social networks synchronously, it provides a fertile foundation to promote e-mentoring among the current generation of technology- and Facebook-astute students. This study reviews Network of Practice (NoP) theories to provide insights to a mentoring structure that facilitates the sharing and exchange of profession-related knowledge. A Facebook application was developed to conduct an experiment that examined factors that affect the performance of the mentoring program based on a NoP. A class of college students, which used the application to connect to recent graduates and industry experts, allowed us to observe and analyze live mentoring activities. The authors' findings indicated that the mentor's gender appeared to impact the relationship that developed between mentors and protégés via Facebook, and that the students were indifferent about the years of experiences of their mentors.
Detecting Central Region in Weld Beads of DWDI Radiographic Images Using PSO
Authors: Suyama Fernando M. , Krefer Andriy G. , Faria Alex R. , Centeno Tania M.
Published: March 2015

This paper presents a methodology to detect the central region of weld beads on petroleum pipelines in double wall double image (DWDI) radiographic images. The method is based on three steps: pre-processing (to isolate selected regions), optimization (to define the ellipse that best fits in selected region), and decision (to choose the best region). Results show that the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm converges satisfactorily to the selection of the region that is most similar to the central region of the weld on the optimization and decision steps (to balance the weights of the classifier). The scientific contribution of this research is the improvement of the method applied in the search of candidate regions through ellipses' attributes analysis.
The Health Outcomes in Recession
Authors: Fragoulakis Vassilis , Athanasiadi Elena , Mourtzikou Antonia , Stamouli Marilena , Vozikis Athanassios
Published: March 2015

The aim of the present study is to provide an overview of recent reforms in Greece as imposed by the fiscal adjustments. Potential harmful consequences of these vast healthcare reforms are also discussed, as a collateral victim of the recession, in which case the real “patient” is the overall healthcare system. Based on an extended review of the related literature, the economic crisis, currently numbering five years in Greece, was accompanied by vast healthcare reforms and significant cuts in spending. In particular, austerity measures implemented, impose that health expenditure should not exceed 6% as a share of GDP. Savings were expected to be accomplished through vast changes, including the redetermination of both pharmaceutical reimbursement and pricing, reduction of public servants and cost containment regarding payments to the private sector. So far, there is a significant rise in demand for public hospital services, following a significant drop for private providers, including maternity hospitals, dental offices and surgery clinics. At the same time, elevated prevalence of certain diseases is already reported, although many researchers dispute over a causal association between recession and these health outcomes. Conclusively, it can be argued that the financial crisis is a no easy way out, and the Greek healthcare system is challenged as both resources and demand are rapidly changing. What is yet to answer is whether these reforms, along with a co-existing rise in demand of health services, could jeopardize the quality of the system.
Aspects Regarding Detection of Sentiment in Web Content
Authors: Bucur Cristian
Published: March 2015

Last decade evolutions on telecommunications changed the way the information is created and presented. New technologies, has allowed the transition from static presentation of information, to a dynamic way, directly involving users. The Web is currently a platform that allows users to interact with each other, to facilitate the exchange of information. Users have become, from mere consumers of information in the online environment, active participants which increases the information content.
Investment Development Path in the European Union in the Context of Financial Crisis
Authors: Voica Marian Cătălin , Mirela Panait
Published: March 2015

Since the start of foreign direct investment (FDI) studies, scholars asked themselves what drives companies to invest abroad, what incentives are needed to start the flow of FDI to one destination country and how is the flow changing as that countries development is more and more advanced. The academic community launched the hypothesis that the level of development of one country influences the flow of FDI, also known as the investment development path theory. This article is a case study of EU member states as the EU is one of the most advanced forms of cooperation between countries in the world and the flow of FDI has a great impact on its development. The authors follow the evolution of FDI since the year 2000, including the effects of the financial crisis on the flows of FDI, and their post-crisis recovery, and the correlation of the net output investment per capita of FDI with the GDP per capita levels.