bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supervivencia intracelular de cepas de Mycobacterium bovis de alta y baja frecuencia probado en un modelo de macrófagos bovinos
Authors: Nava-Vargas Alejandro , Milián-Suazo Feliciano , Cantó-Alarcón Germinal Jorge , Gutiérrez-Pabello José A.
Published: September 2021

Bovine tuberculosis is a disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis that affects cattle and other species, including humans. Mycobacterium bovis resides mainly in macrophages, so bacilli survival within macrophages is related to virulence. Isolation and strain identification are important for disease control. However, little is known about virulence of the circulating strains in cattle populations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the intracellular survival of Mycobacterium bovis strains with high and low frequency genotypes in cattle in Mexico. Four high frequency genotypes and four low frequency genotypes were identified and subjected to intracellular survival assays in bovine macrophages. Results showed that the phagocytosis proportion was approximately 63 % for all strains. There were no significant differences in the average Colony Forming Units (CFUs) in phagocytosis and survival between the high and low frequency groups; however, when the CFU average of phagocytosis was compared with the survival, significant differences were found in both groups. In intracellular growth, a significant difference was observed between low and high frequency strains, and between low frequency strains. Finally, the intracellular growth average of the groups was analyzed showing no significant difference. These results suggest that the frequency of the genotype in cattle population is not related to the intracellular survival and the virulence of the M. bovis strains.
Efecto de alimentación húmeda de cerdos en finalización sobre el comportamiento productivo, composición de la canal y calidad de la carne
Authors: Arce Vázquez Néstor , Bernal Barragán Hugo , Vásquez Aguilar Nydia Corina , Garza Brenner Estela , Sánchez Dávila Fernando , Morales Trejo Adriana , Cervantes Ramírez Miguel
Published: September 2021

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la alimentación húmeda de cerdos en finalización (alimento:agua, 1:1) de una dieta basada en sorgo y harina de soya (15.0% PC, 3,200 kcal EM/kg MS), sobre el comportamiento productivo, composición de la canal y calidad de la carne. Dieciséis cerdos cruzados (York-Landrace x Duroc) de 68.4±2.4 kg de peso fueron alojados individualmente, y asignados a dos tratamientos (n=8 repeticiones por tratamiento): AS, alimentación seca; AH, alimentación húmeda. Alimento fue ofrecido diariamente en dos porciones iguales (0800 y 1500 h) durante cinco semanas. Semanalmente se registraron el peso vivo (PV) y el consumo de alimento individuales, para calcular ganancia diaria de peso (GDP) y eficiencia alimenticia (EA). Se midió la composición de la canal; la calidad de la carne fue medida en muestras de Longissimus dorsi. Cerdos AH tuvieron mayor (P<0.05) PV final (108.4 vs 101.9 kg) y GDP (1.043 vs 0.990 kg/día) que los cerdos AS. Cerdos AS tuvieron menor consumo (semana 5) y EA (semana 3) que los cerdos AH (Interacción Tratamiento x Semana, P<0.05). Cerdos AH tuvieron pesos mayores de pierna, canal caliente y fría (P<0.05). Lomo, costillas, paleta, contenido de proteína, capacidad de retención de agua y pH de la carne fueron similares (P>0.05) entre tratamientos. Valores de dureza, adhesividad, masticabilidad y resistencia fueron menores (P<0.05) en carne de cerdos AH. En conclusión, los cerdos que recibieron alimento húmedo tuvieron mejor comportamiento productivo, composición de la canal y características de la carne que cerdos que recibieron alimento seco.
Las subpoblaciones de espermatozoides y su calidad en fracciones producidas por la centrifugación de una sola capa en muestras frescas y normospérmicas de esperma de cordero
Authors: Pérez-Marín Carlos Carmelo , Arando Ander , Maroto-Molina Francisco , Marín Alberto , Delgado Juan Vicente
Published: September 2021

Single layer centrifugation (SLC) technique has been developed to select the best sperm population in the ejaculate in order to increase the fertilization rates by artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization. Normospermic ram semen samples containing 800 and 3,000 × 106 sperms/ml (C800 and C3000, respectively) were processed by SLC. Three sperm fractions were separated in each sample following silica-coloidal sperm centrifugation and sperm yield, quality and subpopulations were analyzed in each one. In C800 group, the sperm recovery rate did not vary in any studied fraction, but when samples were highly concentrated (C3000) the top fraction (F1) contained significantly higher spermatozoa than bottom fraction (F3). Also, it was observed that F1 in C3000 had got a significantly higher percentage of spermatozoa (53.2 %) than in C800, while the quantity of spermatozoa recovered in fraction 2 was lower (25.2 % vs 45.4 %). Based on the sperm motility parameters, three sperm subpopulations were identified: SP1, low velocity spermatozoa showing no progressive movement (19.1 %); SP2, rapid and progressive spermatozoa (43.7 %); and SP3, rapid spermatozoa but non-linear movement (37.2 %). While SLC has been implemented for sperm separation in suboptimal and/or low concentrated sperm samples, this trial demonstrates that SLC is not efficient to separate different sperm populations in normospermic ram sperm samples containing high concentrations of spermatozoa.
Efecto del modelo y material de construcción de la caja y recubrimiento de los panales de cría en la termorregulación y desarrollo de colonias de Scaptotrigona mexicana
Authors: Pérez-Sato Juan Antonio , Salazar-Vargas Hugo Rodolfo , Hidalgo-Contreras Juan Valente , Real-Luna Natalia , Debernardi-De La Vequia Héctor , De La Rosa-Santamaría Roberto
Published: September 2021

La división artificial de colonias de abejas S. mexicana es una actividad en la meliponicultura, en donde se reporta la mayor pérdida de colonias. Entre las diversas causas de dicha mortalidad destaca la dificultad de la nueva colonia por mantener la termorregulación de su nido, ya que tradicionalmente se utilizan vasijas de barro en cuyo caso es más difícil mantener una temperatura estable. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las interacciones entre modelo de caja, su material de construcción y el recubrimiento de los panales de cría; en la temperatura interna del nido y el desarrollo de colonias obtenidas por división artificial. Se cuantificó el desarrollo de éstas mediante su ganancia de peso final e inicial, y el número de celdas construidas, actividad de la colonia y capacidad del diseño en mantener la temperatura interna del nido. Los resultados muestran que los mejores rangos de temperatura interna se lograron en nidos transferidos a cajas racionales modelo Portugal-Araujo (P<0.05) y Ailton-Fontana (P<0.05) cuyos diseños originales fueron modificados al incluir láminas de poliestireno expandible. Además, la temperatura y desarrollo de la colonia se vio favorecida cuando los panales recién transferidos fueron recubiertos con un molde elaborado de cera de abeja Apis mellifera L. La interacción positiva entre estos factores permitió proporcionar un rango de temperatura óptimo (27.9 a 31.0 °C) para el desarrollo de las colonias, las cuales obtuvieron ganancia de peso entre 0.149 a 0.289 kg y del número de celdas construidas entre 3,511 a 4,956 celdas de cría.
Efeito de um programa de higiene oral sobre gengivite em escolares
Authors: Maltz Marisa , Santos José Oscar Schneider , Wagner Edgar Mario
Published: September 2021

An attempt was made to assess the effect of a prophylaxís programme on gingivitis in schoolchildren. A total oÍ 182 children, aged 8 - l0 years and attending an elementary school in Porto Alegre, participated. Ninetyone of the 182 children were used as an experimental group; the remaining 91, as a control Soup. The state of the gingiva were determined in a baseline examination. The prophylaxis programme was given to the experimental group and consisted of the following measures: supervised brushing of the teeth (with the help of disclosing solution) and dental flossing once a week at school; supply of toothbrushes and dental floss for daily use at home; and instruction in oral hygiene and diet. The results after nine months of treatment showed that the test group had low lG (molars and proximal surfaces).
Fiscal policy and economic growth: Some evidence from Kosovo
Authors: Hamza Bedri , Milo Petraq
Published: September 2021

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of fiscal policy on economic growth in the Republic of Kosovo for the time period from January 2006 to September 2018 in terms of their long-term and short-term relationships. The methods used are measured using the second data (monthly series) provided by the Department of Finance as the appropriate national institution. Kosovo as one of the Balkan countries is facing the same problems as other labor countries. This study will contribute greatly to analyzing the impact of fiscal policy and will help policymakers come up with good decision-making. The econometric vector autoregression (VAR) model used in this study uses total public expenditure, total public income, fixed income structure, and consumer price index as independent variables and gross domestic product (GDP) as a dependent variable. In addition, in order of consistency time-series data were evaluated by the augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test. The study concludes that total public expenditure significantly affects GDP; on the other hand, the total public income has a positive but visible impact on GDP, which means that the impact of government investment is more pronounced on financial development compared to public revenue; and increased demand for co-operation has decreased in monetary terms (World Bank, 2021). It is possible that government spending and structure may be related to key development quality ideas, such as the segregation of wages and environmental support (Halkos & Paizanos, 2015).
Actividad física y su relación con el rendimiento académico
Authors: Ávila Manríquez Francisco De Jesús , Méndez Ávila Julio César , Silva Llaca José Miguel , Gómez Terán Oscar Ángel
Published: September 2021

El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la eficacia que tiene un programa de actividad física sobre el rendimiento escolar de estudiantes de una escuela primaria pública del municipio de Querétaro, México. La metodología que se utilizó fue cuantitativa, de alcance descriptivo y correlacional. Se aplicó un diseño cuasiexperimental de pretest, postest y grupo control con una intervención durante nueve meses a 73 estudiantes. Los instrumentos de recolección de datos fueron un cuestionario, que obtuvo un coeficiente de fiabilidad de alfa de Cronbach de 0.796, una encuesta sobre el nivel socioeconómico, una batería de coordinación motriz (KTK) y un instrumento para medir el rendimiento académico (TERA). Para los análisis estadísticos se utilizaron las técnicas estadísticas de ji al cuadrado y la prueba t de Student. Dentro de los resultados se encontró una asociación significativa entre la actividad física y el rendimiento académico; también se halló una correlación en la actividad física y el desarrollo motriz en los estudiantes. Sin embargo, no se reveló asociación alguna entre el nivel socioeconómico y las variables de rendimiento académico y actividad física. Se concluye que no existen hábitos sobre la actividad física, que las horas destinadas a la práctica de la actividad física en las escuelas son insuficientes y que el rendimiento académico en las instituciones de nivel básico presenta atrasos educativos que deben ser atendidos de manera integral.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE JOGOS DIDÁTICOS PARA O ENSINO DE QUÍMICA: UMA EXPERIÊNCIA DAS OFICINAS DE PRÁTICAS PEDAGÓGICAS
Authors: Katiuce Moccelini Sally , Gonçalves Sete Douglas
Published: September 2021

Esta pesquisa visa verificar a importância do desenvolvimento de jogos didáticos para os acadêmicos do curso de Licenciatura em Química nas disciplinas de Oficinas de Práticas Pedagógicas e sua contribuição para a prática docente. Nestas disciplinas os licenciandos são os autores dos materiais didáticos, aprendendo a planejar aulas com a utilização dos mesmos, buscando harmonizar teoria e prática de forma contextualizada. Esta é uma pesquisa qualitativa e descritiva realizada através de um questionário respondido por estudantes do curso de Licenciatura em Química. Os resultados são referentes a um tempo e contexto específicos e sugerem que esta estratégia é eficaz para a formação profissional dos licenciandos que, numa dinâmica de ação e reflexão, vão aprendendo a serem autores de suas propostas de trabalho, produzindo materiais didáticos e ampliando conhecimentos ao mesmo tempo que vivenciam desde o início do curso a experiência do ensinar.
Deteksi Spatial Dependence terhadap Fixed Effects Model Prevalensi Stunting
Authors: Murwiati Asih
Published: September 2021

Stunting is one of the three things that affect the growth of children and, more broadly, is an indicator of malnutrition problems. The indicators of chronic nutritional deficiencies are children who are underdeveloped, stunted and underweight. Some children in Indonesia who are under 5 years of age are stunted. This figure puts Indonesia as a country that has a high prevalence of stunting according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Every country has a different character of society and different policies and different approaches. Likewise with Indonesia, there are different variations in terms of demographics, economics and socio-culture. Spatial analysis is one of the analytical tools in capturing regional characteristics. This study uses panel data sourced from the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) from all provinces during the 2015-2018 period. The test results show that there is spatial dependence, and the spatial error model can be an alternative in choosing a spatial model.
Analisis Pengaruh Transaksi Uang Elektronik terhadap Tingkat Inflasi di Indonesia
Authors: Damayanti Ruth
Published: September 2021

Increasingly advanced technology encourages people to make transactions using electronic money (e-money). Nowadays, more Indonesian people use electronic money in their dealings, which is proven by the increasing volume of electronic money transactions from year to year. Electronic cash is chosed because it is more practical in making transactions with traders. The rising use of electronic money can affect the money supply, which can affect the inflation rate. Several studies have stated the effect of electronic money on inflation. This study aims to determine the impact of the variable volume and nominal value of electronic money transactions (e-money) on the inflation rate in Indonesia from January 2016 to December 2020. The data used in this study are secondary data with the type of monthly time series taken from Bank Indonesia, Kementerian Perdagangan, and BPS (Badan Pusat Statistik). The analysis technique used is the ECM (Error Correction Model). The Error Correction Model in this study aims to identify long-term and short-term relationships that occur because of the cointegration between research variables and the relationship between variables that are not stationary. This study indicates that in the long term, the variables volume of e-money transactions and money supply (M2) have a significant effect on the inflation variable. In contrast, other macroeconomic variables (BI rate and nominal value of e-money transactions) has no significant impact. Meanwhile, the short-term regression model shows no variables that have a substantial effect on the inflation variable.
From symposion to goṣṭhī: The Adaptation of a Greek Social Custom in Ancient India
Authors: Zysk Kenneth
Published: September 2021

The symposion, a male social gathering that began in ancient Greece, was a social institution by and for men, hence a type of men’s society as we might understand it in modern parlance. Its manifestation on the Indian subcontinent has to date not been fully explored. In its original form, the symposion consisted of three main elements: alcohol, sex, and intellectual pursuits in the form of literature and philosophy, commonly understood by the popular phrase “wine, women, and song”. These sympotic elements find their equivalents in a wide range of Sanskrit litera­ture, which include medicine (Āyurveda), eroticism (Kāmaśāstra), polity (Arthaśāstra), epics, and rhetoric (Alaṃkāraśāstra), as expressed in the Carakasaṃhitā, the Kāmasūtra, the Arthaśāstra, the Mahābhārata and Rāmāyaṇa, and the Kāvyamīmāṃsā. The literary evidence indicates that the three sympotic elements came to full blossom in urban Indian men’s social gatherings or goṣṭhīs dating to a few centuries before the Common Era. The paper combines this literary evidence with archaeological sources to show how a foreign social custom contributed to an indigenous institution of men’s society in ancient India by a process of adaptation. It would appear that as the institution moved into different parts of the Indian subcontinent, it increasingly came under Brahmanic influence, which led to an important ideological change that stressed literary and intel­lectual pursuits over alcohol and sex. Under royal patronage, the goṣṭhī finally became a means for the development of Sanskrit and Indian literature and drama.
Determination of the Required Personal Qualities of a Leader for Ensuring Safe Work of the Employees
Authors:   Russian University of Transport, Narusova E.Yu. , Struchalin V.G. ,   Russian University of Transport, Stepanov A.N. ,   Russian University of Transport
Published: September 2021

Despite the constantly growing level of mechanization and automation of labor in industry and transport, the share of manual labor remains very significant in a number of the technological processes. Increased physical activity during manual labor often leads to non-compliance by the employee with labor safety requirements — because of the desire to avoid additional actions. In this regard, mandatory control by the manager is required, who himself must understand and comply with all the safety rules. Personal qualities of the middle managers have a significant impact on the efficiency of their activities in matters of occupational safety and health. In addition to constant monitoring of the actions of subordinates, the leader by personal example must confirm the need for strict compliance with safety requirements. First of all, the manager himself must maintain order at his workplace, comply with the internal labor regulations, be disciplined and competent in professional work matters. The manager should pay special attention to the state of the material and technical base of the unit, and take measures to improve it, including to minimize injuries when working with a faulty tool. Only by fulfilling all the listed requirements, the manager will have authority in the work collective, sufficient to implement his orders to comply with occupational safety requirements and ensure a high level of labor safety in the unit, which not everyone is capable of. To determine the required personal qualities of the leader, the study was carried out using the method of ranks based on positive experience and statistics of the work of linear track sections.
Implementasi Penggunaan Media Visual Pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam
Authors: Susanti Marsita Dwi , Alfurqan Alfurqan
Published: September 2021

Ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi mengalami kemajuan yang semakin pesat. Kemajuan tersebut telah membawa perubahan yang sangat signifikan di berbagai aspek kehidupan manusia, baik dalam bidang sosial, ekonomi, budaya maupun pendidikan. Agar pendidikan tidak tertinggal maka perlu adanya penyesuaian, terutama yang berkaitan dengan faktor pembelajaran di kelas. Proses pembelajaran merupakan proses komunikasi. Terkadang dalam proses pembelajaran, terjadi kegagalan komunikasi. Untuk menghindari kegagalan komunikasi, maka guru perlu memanfaatkan media pembelajaran yang menarik. Media visual merupakan alat yang digunakan guru untuk menyalurkan pesan dari pengirim kepada penerima dengan menggunakan indera penglihatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMP Negeri 2 Sawahlunto. Subjek penelitian adalah Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam (Al Husna, S.Ag.) dan siswa SMP Negeri 2 Sawahlunto. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi. Penelitian ini menghasilkan (1) Siswa semangat dan penuh antusias ketika guru menggunakan media visual dalam proses pembelajaran. (2) Media visual dapat mempermudah siswa mengingat materi pelajaran. (3) Media visual berbentuk powerpoint dan peta konsep yang digunakan guru dalam pelajaran dapat menampilkan gambaran yang konkret dari suatu materi, sehingga dapat meningkatkan daya fikir siswa.
Pendidikan Seks Pada Anak Dalam Keluarga di Nagari Suayan Kecamatan Akabiluru Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota
Authors: Yuliana Yuliana , Muliati Indah
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi dengan adanya beberapa kasus kekerasan seksual yang terjadi di Nagari Suayan dalam 2 tahun terakhir. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeksripsikan materi pendidikan seks yang diberikan keluarga kepada anak di Nagari Suayan agar anak terhindar dari kasus kekerasan seksual. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian lapangan (field research) dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Informan dalam penelitian ini dipilih secara purposive sampling yang terdiri dari 4 ibu yang memiliki anak usia 0-14 tahun dan pemerintahan Nagari Suayan serta instansi di Kecamatan Akabiluru. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan materi yang telah diberikan keluarga kepada anak antara lain memberi nama sesuai jenis kelamin, toilet training dan membersihkan alat kelamin, menutup aurat, menstruasi, mimpi basah, mandi wajib, pergaulan dengan lawan jenis dan meminta izin ke kamar orang tua.
Pengaruh Pembelajaran Blended Learning terhadap Nilai-Nilai Karakter Siswa SD Negeri 26 Teluk Bayur
Authors: Rahmi Illiyinna , Wiza Rahmi
Published: September 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembelajaran blanded learning terhadap nilai-nilai karakter siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan jenis korelasional. Penelitian ini dilaksankan di SD Negeri 26 Teluk Bayur yang beralamatkan dijalan Rawang Timur IX Sutan Syahrir kota Padang. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa SD Negeri 26 Teluk Bayur. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 9 Juni 2021. Penelitian ini digunakan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh antara variabel bebas (independent variable) terhadap variabel terikat (dependent variable). Sampel penelitian berjumlah 28 siswa kelas V dengan teknik pengumpulan data yaitu menyebarkan angket kepada responden. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara pembelajaran blanded learning terhadap nilai-nilai karakter siswa.
Multiple Avalons: Place naming practices and a mythical Arthurian island
Authors: Hayward Philip
Published: September 2021

The island of Avalon features in British Arthurian legendry. While its very existence — let alone any actual location it may have had — is contentious, it is now commonly associated with Glastonbury, in the English county of Somerset. Illustrating its enduring appeal, Avalon’s name has also been affixed to a number of international locations over the last 500 years. There have been various motivations for such place naming, including religious beliefs, personal associations, and various types of boosterism, all attempting to imbue New World locales with Old World mystique through nomenclative association. This article surveys the deployment of the concept of Avalon through anglophonic colonial and postcolonial place naming and examines the varying ways in which the name has been applied in different national and local contexts. Its survey reveals direct references to the legendary isle in place naming between the 17th and early 20th centuries and, generally, more weakly associative and/or arbitrary connections over the last century. The study contributes to the expansion of island studies by analysing how a mythical island has been projected onto various non-island locations, and contributes to the development of toponymic studies by examining multiple uses of a single place name.
Performance Analysis of UPQC Architecture at Different Load Conditions
Authors: Mandal Sikandra Kumar , Singh Nishi
Published: September 2021

The UPQC has the ability to improve the network quality at the installation site in electrical distribution networks or industrial electrical networks. The main objective of this thesis is to design a system to improve the network quality with a simplified architecture to support reactive power as well as to improve the active power available for load connections and to improve the efficiency of the system controls mentioned above. From this work, it was deduced that by developing and the inverter system with an control strategy in SVPWM, the device are proposed to improve the quality of the network can serve this goal with better results in the terms of performance and the efficiency. In this architecture can also be used in the hybrid systems, in making it more reliable. The designed system is also suitable for the delivery of different types of loads, such as non-linear load, symmetrical load, and asymmetrical load.
Pedagogical practices in the literacy process of deaf students
Authors: Moret Márcia Cristina Florêncio Fernandes , Mendonça João Guilherme Rodrigues , Santos Livia Catarina Matoso dos
Published: September 2021

There is a concern for deaf education, especially in the literacy stage, which consequently extends throughout regular education, where most deaf students have completed high school without knowing how to read and/or produce in Portuguese. This problem affects the social development of these subjects, since the Portuguese language is still expected as if it were the mother tongue of the deaf, not respecting their identity and culture, whose first language is LIBRAS. In this bias, the research aims to verify the methods and techniques in the literacy process of the deaf and seek new teaching models that are based on bilingual theory, thus ensuring the acquisition of LIBRAS as the mother tongue (L1) and teaching Portuguese as the second language (L2). This bibliographical research brings theoretical references and empirical experiences as a contribution to these reflections.
Pictures on a Page: Towards a History of the Photobook in New Zealand
Authors: McCredie Athol
Published: September 2021

The term ‘photobook’ is very recent, yet numerous studies now survey histories of its development right back to the invention of photography. This article examines photographic books in New Zealand up to 1970 and concurrently explores definitions of the ‘photobook’ and whether, or to what extent, they can be applied to any of these publications. It considers nineteenth century albums, early scientific publications, and in particular, the books of scenery that have become such a stock item of New Zealand photographic book production. It also looks at a handful of books in the 1950s and 1960s that reacted against the scenic, as well as books of the 1960s inspired by photojournalism.
Russell Duncan: Re-tracing history
Authors: Jameson Emma
Published: September 2021

This article considers the construction and meaning of time in Russell Duncan’s photographs. A hobbyist photographer and passionate historian, Duncan extensively photographedsites associated with early European explorers and colonial history in New Zealand, focussing primarily on those associated with Captain Cook. This article analyses, for the first time, Duncan’s use of the sequential format of photographic albums to manipulate timelines in order to visually reconstruct historical narratives. By analysing Duncan’s photographs of sites associated with Captain Cook in detail, this article investigates how Duncan’s photographs, read both individually and in a sequence, fuse past and present in their re-tracing of history.
Remembering Les Cleveland
Authors: Jackson Michael
Published: September 2021

As Michael Jackson notes in this profile, Les (Francis Leslie) Cleveland (1921-2014) was a man of many parts. As a New Zealand journalist, political scientist specializing in the media and a photographer, Cleveland is clearly a person of interest for a journal looking at New Zealand’s media and art history. An account of Cleveland’s life could alight on any one of a number of aspects but in this profile the author focuses on his early experiences in the Great Depression and the Second World War as the backstories central to understanding Les Cleveland.
Don’t Reinvent the Wheel: Magazine idea-sharing in the 1960s
Authors: Ellis Gavin
Published: September 2021

Jean Wishart was the editor of the highly successful New Zealand Woman’s Weekly (NZWW) from 1952 to 1985. As part of her strategy to develop the magazine she undertook extensive international study tours looking at other popular titles for women. Gavin Ellis has gained access to reports she wrote in the 1960s for the owners of the NZWW and they provide some insight into what she adapted from overseas models as well those elements which did not impress her as suitable for her New Zealand audience.
Freedom of information. What were they thinking?
Authors: Treadwell Greg
Published: September 2021

“The right to know is the right to live.”Aruna Roy (1946— ), Indian social activist

Ongoing dissatisfaction among information requesters, including journalists, has discredited the early and partially heroic narratives of the Aotearoa New Zealand freedom-of-information (FOI) regime. The revolutionary and celebrated Official Information Act 1982 (OIA 1982) has remained virtually unchanged since its inception, despite ongoing calls for reform. This article examines why the OIA 1982 was so transformative, calling on the literature and two thematic analyses of historic parliamentary debates as it explores the thinking of the time and historicises the moment lawmakers cemented in statute notions of an open society. All media rely on this law, and the idea of FOI behind it, to be able to flourish, even if some are more acutely aware of that than others. All media practitioners, from journalists to filmmakers, benefit from the informed social discourse that results from FOI. To explore its failings in Aotearoa New Zealand today and, indeed, to start to imagine remedies, this research argues an important first step is to better understand the thinking of the time.
Self Help, Sunlight and a Modern Chair: Considering Auckland’s historic signage as a heritage object
Authors: Powley Caroline
Published: September 2021

Cities are an ever-changing space, filled with commerce and community. Signage plays a strong role in the visual narrative of the urban environment. It creates a constant visual hum, a street level monologue of promotion, identification and direction. Commercial signs are designed to serve and improve business. So, what role could an old, fading or non-functioning piece of signage possibly play in our neoliberal capitalist society? From a designer’s perspective, there’s a lot to like—the craftsmanship, the idiosyncrasies of a hand-generated pieceof typography, the sense of nostalgia for a time before globalisation and brand guidelines took over. Looking at historic signs from a broader context they also represent an “intricate urban history.”1 They speak of the changing face of commercial enterprise, social values and cultural expression. Even when they no longer serve their original semantic role of commercial promotion, they “accumulate rich layers of meaning. They no longer merely advertise, they are valued in and of themselves. They become icons.”2 The semiotic function of an historic sign shifts to a new role—signifying notions of survival, continuity and loss. They also feed into our complex personal narratives of place, identity and community.3 These multiple and interwoven values can form the cultural significance of historic signs. Despite this recognisable value, historic signage tends to fall through the gaps of heritage practice and legislation in New Zealand. This paper offers a set of case studies that represent a range of possible outcomes for historic signs, when they exist outside a system of heritage management. I propose six categories for framing the case studies: remain, repair, regenerate, relocate, replace and remove. These examples are combined with a broader reflection on the value of historic signage and an overview of relevant heritage practice in New Zealand. The intention is to encourage reflection on the possible heritage significance of historic signage and our current approach to assessment, scheduling and conservation.
Sentiment Analysis in Poems in Misurata Sub-dialect
Authors: Abugharsa Azza
Published: September 2021

Over the recent decades, there has been a significant increase and development of resources for Arabic natural language processing. This includes the task of exploring Arabic Language Sentiment Analysis (ALSA) from Arabic utterances in both Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and different Arabic dialects. This study focuses on detecting sentiment in poems written in Misurata Arabic sub-dialect spoken in Misurata, Libya. The tools used to detect sentiment from the dataset are Sklearn as well as Mazajak sentiment tool1. Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Naive Bayes (NB), and Support Vector Machines (SVM) classifiers are used with Sklearn, while the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is implemented with Mazajak. The results show that the traditional classifiers score a higher level of accuracy as compared to Mazajak which is built on an algorithm that includes deep learning techniques. More research is suggested to analyze Arabic sub-dialect poetry in order to investigate the aspects that contribute to sentiments in these multi-line texts; for example, the use of figurative language such as metaphors.
Dilemas Sociales y Reciprocidad Indirecta: Una revisión sistemática
Authors: Acosta Cristian , Ortiz María Victoria , Revilla Romina Graciela , Reyna Cecilia
Published: September 2021

Una de las teorías evolutivas que versa sobre el altruismo y la cooperación en dilemas sociales es la de reciprocidad indirecta, la cual incorpora a la explicación de la cooperación la información sobre la reputación que tienen otras personas sobre si son cooperativos o no. En este trabajo se revisan de manera sistemática los estudios empíricos sobre reciprocidad indirecta en situaciones de dilema social desarrollados hasta la actualidad. Para ello se consultaron las siguientes bases de datos: ScienceDirect, EBSCO y OVID, y se utilizaron las palabras claves “indirect reciprocity” AND “dilema” OR “cooperation” OR “charity”. Se seleccionaron un total de 23 artículos que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión establecidos por los autores (artículos en inglés y con metodología basada en juegos experimentales). De los artículos seleccionados se analizan las teorías, los objetivos y las muestras de participantes mayormente utilizados, y los principales resultados reportados. Los resultados de la revisión muestran que los juegos más utilizados han sido el de reciprocidad indirecta y el juego de bienes públicos, los cuales pueden tener variaciones en función de los objetivos. Se evidencia que la reputación es una variable esencial que ayuda a fomentar la cooperación. A su vez, la información de la cooperación previa ayuda a construir la reputación e interviene en la decisión posterior de cooperar de los sujetos. Se destaca la necesidad de avanzar en estudios experimentales que permitan esclarecer las dinámicas de la reciprocidad indirecta incorporando otras variables explicativas, evaluándolas en nuevos contextos.
La percepción de peligro y competencia como factores predictores del prejuicio hacia diferentes grupos sociales
Authors: Ungaretti Joaquín , Etchezahar Edgardo , Brussino Silvina
Published: September 2021

El prejuicio ha sido descrito como un fenómeno generalizado ya que individuos prejuiciosos hacia determinados grupos sociales también suelen serlo hacia otros. Sin embargo, estudios recientes indican que la percepción de peligro expresada por el autoritarismo del ala de derechas y la percepción de competencia intergrupal, expresada por la orientación a la dominancia social, podrían ser factores diferenciales en la explicación del prejuicio generalizado. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue analizar la dimensionalidad del prejuicio generalizado, para luego dar cuenta si el autoritarismo del ala de derechas y la orientación a la dominancia social son predictores de diversas formas de prejuicio. Participaron del estudio 376 estudiantes universitarios de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires con edades entre 18 y 42 años (M = 23.17; DT = 3.1), de los cuales 42,1% eran hombres. Los resultados principales indicaron la presencia de tres dimensiones que agrupaban diferentes grupos sociales, explicados diferencialmente por la orientación a la dominancia social y el autoritarismo del ala de derechas. Estos hallazgos refuerzan la noción del prejuicio generalizado como un fenómeno complejo y multidimensional, explicado diferencialmente por la percepción de peligro y competencia que se manifiesta a través de los niveles de autoritarismo y dominancia.
In Memoriam
Authors: Rodríguez Fernández Tomás
Published: September 2021

Rememorar a Carmen de Linares supone para muchos recordar a una amiga; otros la habrán escuchado en charlas y conferencias; algunos, bastantes, pensarán como padres y sentirán a una persona preocupada e ilusionada por ver siempre lo positivo que hay en las relaciones de padres e hijos y la esperanza que hay que mostrar diariamente en cuanto a la evolución y desarrollo de los niños y niñas que presentan algún trastorno o retraso.Pero, seguramente, todos ellos la recordarán como la persona que les ha hecho sentir y disfrutar de la Atención Temprana como algo valioso. Y todo ello, porque estamos convencidos que ha sido un paradigma de ilusión y entusiasmo por hacer de la Atención Temprana un campo de trabajo eficaz y eficiente.
Efectos de un programa de alta precoz sobre las preocupaciones de los padres de niños prematuros
Authors: Fernández-Alcántara Manuel , Cruz-Quintana Francisco , Toral-López Isabel , González-Carrión Pilar , Rivas-Campos Antonio , Pérez-Marfil Nieves
Published: September 2021

El nacimiento de un niño prematuro supone un gran impacto emocional en los padres, especialmente cuando la hospitalización se prolonga por mucho tiempo. Los programas de alta precoz son una herramienta eficaz para facilitar la transición al domicilio, mostrando resultados beneficiosos. Sin embargo, pocos estudios se han centrado en conocer cuáles son los efectos de éstos en los momentos posteriores al alta hospitalaria, así como los cambios en la dinámica familiar asociados. El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer y explorar las experiencias y los obstáculos que encuentran padres y madres de niños nacidos pretérmino cuando reciben el alta hospitalaria. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo de carácter fenomenológico con perspectiva descriptiva. La muestra se obtuvo de manera intencional y estuvo conformada por 23 padres y madres, que fueron evaluados a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas. La recogida de datos finalizó cuando se alcanzó la saturación teórica en los diferentes temas. Se realizó un análisis temático que identificó tres temas centrales: preocupaciones al alta, emociones tras el alta y cambios en la vida. Los resultados señalan la importancia de un alta precoz, asociada a un gran número de emociones positivas en los padres. Participar en el programa de alta precoz se asoció con una mayor confianza con respecto a los cuidados así como con la posibilidad de regular algunas de las emociones complejas asociadas al alta.
Influence of microelements and attractants on the elements of yield structure and yield of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) seeds
Authors: ĆWINTAL MAREK , GOLIASZ SYLWESTER
Published: September 2021

A field experiment with the cultivation of white clover for seeds (Barda cv.) was carried out in 2009–2012, in the Experimental Farm in Parczew (22°53'60"E, 51°37'59"N), on typical brown soil (bonitation class IVb), by the split-plot method, in four replicates. The studies included: foliar fertilization with microelements (B + Mo) and attractant – Pollinus. The number of heads per 1 m2, number of pods and seeds in the head as well as the seed yield were determined. Weather conditions had the decisive influence on the yield of seeds and main elements of its structure. The highest seed yield (305.4 kg·ha–1) was obtained in 2010 characterized by more favorable thermal conditions and rainfall in the generative clover sub-period, slightly lower in 2012 (287.7 kg·ha–1), and the lowest in 2011 (49.3 kg·ha–1). Fertilization with microelements (B + Mo) significantly increased the number of heads per 1 m2, the number of seeds in the head and the seed yield. The attractant used at the beginning and full flowering of clover significantly increased the yield of seeds by 35.2 and 78.0 kg·ha–1, respectively. The highest yield of white clover seeds (482.6 kg·ha–1) was obtained due to foliar fertilization with boron and molybdenum and using the attractant – Pollinus to fully flowering plants.
Sesquiterpene lactones – occurrence and biological properties. A review
Authors: OLESIŃSKA KATARZYNA
Published: September 2021

Sesquiterpene lactones are secondary metabolites commonly found in higher plants as well as mosses, lichens, and fungi. Currently, over 5000 of such compounds have been identified with a majority isolated from Asteraceae plants. They are characterised by different chemical structures associated with the presence of various carbon pathways and functional groups, which exert an impact on their pharmacological activity. These colourless substances are soluble in fats, alcohols, or water. They are often bitter ingredients regarded as bitter compounds. They are accumulated mainly in leaves, flower parts and seeds; less frequently, they are present in roots. Sesquiterpene lactones exhibit multidirectional biological activity: some of them have anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, analgesic, antiparasitic, antifungal, and bacteriostatic effects. Therefore, high hopes are placed on the medical and pharmaceutical use of these substances. Lactone compounds are also regarded as a potential source of new active substances used in agriculture to combat plant pathogens
Improvement of Pilot Symbol Orthogonal Sequences in 2×2 to 4×4 MIMO Wireless Communication Systems with Channel State Estimation
Authors: Romanuke Vadim
Published: September 2021

MIMO wireless communication systems with channel state estimation, in which 2 to 4 transmit-receive antenna pairs are employed, are simulated. The channel estimation is fulfilled by the orthogonal pilot signal approach, where the Walsh Hadamard-ordered sequences are commonly used for piloting. The signal is modulated by applying the quaternary phase shift keying method. Maximum 250 000 packets are transmitted through flat-fading Rayleigh channels, to which white Gaussian noise is added. Based on simulating 10 subcases of the frame length and number of pilot symbols per frame, it is ascertained that pilot symbol orthogonal sequences in 2×2 to 4×4 MIMO systems can be improved by substituting Walsh functions with partially unsymmetrical binary functions constituting the eight known orthogonal bases. The benefit is that the bit-error rate is substantially decreased, especially for 2×2 MIMO systems. Considering three cases of the pilot signal de-orthogonalization caused by two indefinite and definite pilot sequence symbol errors, the relative decrement varies from 0.123 % to 14.7 %. However, the decrement becomes less significant as the number of transmit-receive antenna pairs is increased.
Data Processing in the Pilot Training Process on the Integrated Aircraft Simulator
Authors: Hryshchenko Yurii , Zaliskyi Maksym , Pavlova Svitlana , Solomentsev Oleksandr , Fursenko Tatiana
Published: September 2021

Flight safety is an integral part of air transportation. Flight accidents are highly unlikely to appear but most of them are caused by the human factor. The aircrew training system for abnormal operations relies on integrated aircraft simulator-based exercises. Crew needs to be trained not to degrade piloting technique quality when facing increased psychophysiological tension. Therefore, methods evaluating the characteristics of ergatic aircraft control systems, warning systems for deterioration due to failures in avionics systems, piloting technique quality, and abnormal operation algorithms are necessary. An analysis of the bank angle has revealed that there are hidden increased tension manifestations in the human operator expressed in the transition of the flight parameter variation from a stationary random process to deterministic fluctuations in the form of a sinusoid. The goal of the research is to increase the efficiency of pilots’ training using integrated aircraft simulators based on the design and implementation of statistical data processing algorithms. To achieve the goal of the research, two algorithms for detecting deterministic fluctuations based on the Neyman-Pearson criterion and the optimal Bayesian criterion are developed. The presented algorithms can be used in the integrated simulator software to automate the decision-making process on piloting quality.
Increasing the Piezoactivity of Manufactured Composite Piezoceramic Transformers by Combining the Processes of Soldering and Polarization
Authors: Paerand Yurii , Zakhozhai Oleh
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to solving the problem of ensuring high piezoactivity of composite piezoceramic transformers, in which the component parts are connected by soldering. The existing connection features have been analysed for the elements of composite piezoceramic transformers and the results have shown that during soldering the piezoceramic elements are exposed to thermal shock leading to depolarization of piezoceramics and deterioration of its piezoelectric properties. Diminution of temperature depolarizing effect is possible using low-temperature solders with a high tin content. However, in this case, the diffusion process of the electrode material of the piezoelectric element into the solder increases and the mechanical connection strength decreases. To eliminate these negative phenomena and solve the problem, a new method has been developed for connecting elements of composite piezoceramic transformers by soldering, where a polarizing voltage is applied to the composite piezoceramic transformer when heating and cooling, which prevents depolarization of the domain structure of piezoceramic elements. At the same time, high temperature ensures that polarization is carried out at lower values of the electric tension, and a more mobile domain structure after polarization has a lower level of coercive forces and, accordingly, a greater stability of parameters ov er time. Experimental verification has shown that the relative resonance gap increases by 6 % with a decrease in the dispersion of this value by 12 %, which indicates an increase in piezoactivity and stability of the characteristics of composite piezoceramic transformers manufactured using the solution above.