bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changing Sub‐Surface Chemistry Resulting From a 26‐Million‐Year Unconformity: Porewater Chemistry From IODP Site U1553 in the South Pacific
Authors: Reis A. J. , Fichtner V. , Erhardt A. M.
Published: July 2023

Whereas changes in pore water chemistry are known to impact carbonate sediment geochemistry, little is known about the impact of long unconformities on carbonate alteration. IODP Site 378‐U1553 on the southern Campbell Plateau, with a 26‐million‐year, erosional unconformity, provides a key location for examining the impact of long‐term unconformities on sub‐surface chemistry and carbonate archives. This study examined 76 interstitial water samples for sulfate sulfur and oxygen isotopes, as well as 28 bulk carbonate samples for carbonate associated sulfate (CAS) sulfur isotopes, to quantify the effects of this unconformity on the sub‐surface redox chemistry of the Site. The current state of the system suggests limited influence of redox processes on the CAS archive. Manganese reduction reaches 30 mbsf, with a decrease in manganese reduction between 20 and 30 mbsf. Below 30 mbsf, the system transitions to iron reduction to a depth of approximately 140 mbsf where sulfate reduction begins. Dissolved sulfate sulfur and oxygen isotope values suggest repeated oxygenation of sulfides. The CAS record from the Site deviates from previously published seawater values. However, the lack of a relationship between the dissolved sulfate and CAS records suggests most of the alteration of the CAS record likely occurred before the unconformity when the carbonate sediments were more reactive. This further supports the CAS record as a relatively robust archive, withstanding most post‐depositional mechanisms of carbonate alteration.
PARP inhibitors: enhancing efficacy through rational combinations
Authors: Bhamidipati Deepak , Haro-Silerio Jaime I. , Yap Timothy A. , Ngoi Natalie
Published: July 2023

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have significantly changed the treatment landscape for tumours harbouring defects in genes involved in homologous repair (HR) such as BRCA1 and BRCA2. Despite initial responsiveness to PARPi, tumours eventually develop resistance through a variety of mechanisms. Rational combination strategies involving PARPi have been explored and are in various stages of clinical development. PARPi combinations have the potential to enhance efficacy through synergistic activity, and also potentially sensitise innately PARPi-resistant tumours to PARPi. Initial combinations involving PARPi with chemotherapy were hindered by significant overlapping haematologic toxicity, but newer combinations with fewer toxicities and more targeted approaches are undergoing evaluation. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of PARPi resistance and review the rationale and clinical evidence for various PARPi combinations including combinations with chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies. We also highlight emerging PARPi combinations with promising preclinical evidence.
In-situ artificial retina with all-in-one reconfigurable photomemristor networks
Authors: Cai Yichen , Jiang Yizhou , Sheng Chenxu , Wu Zhiyong , Chen Luqiu , Tian Bobo , Duan Chungang , Xiong Shisheng , Zhan Yiqiang , Cong Chunxiao , Qiu Zhi-Jun , Qin Yajie , Liu Ran , Hu Laigui
Published: July 2023

Despite that in-sensor processing has been proposed to remove the latency and energy consumption during the inevitable data transfer between spatial-separated sensors, memories and processors in traditional computer vision, its hardware implementation for artificial neural networks (ANNs) with all-in-one device arrays remains a challenge, especially for organic-based ANNs. With the advantages of biocompatibility, low cost, easy fabrication and flexibility, here we implement a self-powered in-sensor ANN using molecular ferroelectric (MF)-based photomemristor arrays. Tunable ferroelectric depolarization was intentionally introduced into the ANN, which enables reconfigurable conductance and photoresponse. Treating photoresponsivity as synaptic weight, the MF-based in-sensor ANN can operate analog convolutional computation, and successfully conduct perception and recognition of white-light letter images in experiments, with low processing energy consumption. Handwritten Chinese digits are also recognized and regressed by a large-scale array, demonstrating its scalability and potential for low-power processing and the applications in MF-based in-situ artificial retina.
Nerve growth factor receptor (Ngfr) induces neurogenic plasticity by suppressing reactive astroglial Lcn2/Slc22a17 signaling in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Siddiqui Tohid , Cosacak Mehmet Ilyas , Popova Stanislava , Bhattarai Prabesh , Yilmaz Elanur , Lee Annie J. , Min Yuhao , Wang Xue , Allen Mariet , İş Özkan , Atasavum Zeynep Tansu , Rodriguez-Muela Natalia , Vardarajan Badri N. , Flaherty Delaney , Teich Andrew F. , Santa-Maria Ismael , Freudenberg Uwe , Werner Carsten , Tosto Giuseppe , Mayeux Richard , Ertekin-Taner Nilüfer , Kizil Caghan
Published: July 2023

Neurogenesis, crucial for brain resilience, is reduced in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) that induces astroglial reactivity at the expense of the pro-neurogenic potential, and restoring neurogenesis could counteract neurodegenerative pathology. However, the molecular mechanisms promoting pro-neurogenic astroglial fate despite AD pathology are unknown. In this study, we used APP/PS1dE9 mouse model and induced Nerve growth factor receptor (Ngfr) expression in the hippocampus. Ngfr, which promotes neurogenic fate of astroglia during the amyloid pathology-induced neuroregeneration in zebrafish brain, stimulated proliferative and neurogenic outcomes. Histological analyses of the changes in proliferation and neurogenesis, single-cell transcriptomics, spatial proteomics, and functional knockdown studies showed that the induced expression of Ngfr reduced the reactive astrocyte marker Lipocalin-2 (Lcn2), which we found was sufficient to reduce neurogenesis in astroglia. Anti-neurogenic effects of Lcn2 was mediated by Slc22a17, blockage of which recapitulated the pro-neurogenicity by Ngfr. Long-term Ngfr expression reduced amyloid plaques and Tau phosphorylation. Postmortem human AD hippocampi and 3D human astroglial cultures showed elevated LCN2 levels correlate with reactive gliosis and reduced neurogenesis. Comparing transcriptional changes in mouse, zebrafish, and human AD brains for cell intrinsic differential gene expression and weighted gene co-expression networks revealed common altered downstream effectors of NGFR signaling, such as PFKP, which can enhance proliferation and neurogenesis in vitro when blocked. Our study suggests that the reactive non-neurogenic astroglia in AD can be coaxed to a pro-neurogenic fate and AD pathology can be alleviated with Ngfr. We suggest that enhancing pro-neurogenic astroglial fate may have therapeutic ramifications in AD.
Whole-body cellular mapping in mouse using standard IgG antibodies
Authors: Mai Hongcheng , Luo Jie , Hoeher Luciano , Al-Maskari Rami , Horvath Izabela , Chen Ying , Kofler Florian , Piraud Marie , Paetzold Johannes C. , Modamio Jennifer , Todorov Mihail , Elsner Markus , Hellal Farida , Ertürk Ali
Published: July 2023

Whole-body imaging techniques play a vital role in exploring the interplay of physiological systems in maintaining health and driving disease. We introduce wildDISCO, a new approach for whole-body immunolabeling, optical clearing and imaging in mice, circumventing the need for transgenic reporter animals or nanobody labeling and so overcoming existing technical limitations. We identified heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin as a potent enhancer of cholesterol extraction and membrane permeabilization, enabling deep, homogeneous penetration of standard antibodies without aggregation. WildDISCO facilitates imaging of peripheral nervous systems, lymphatic vessels and immune cells in whole mice at cellular resolution by labeling diverse endogenous proteins. Additionally, we examined rare proliferating cells and the effects of biological perturbations, as demonstrated in germ-free mice. We applied wildDISCO to map tertiary lymphoid structures in the context of breast cancer, considering both primary tumor and metastases throughout the mouse body. An atlas of high-resolution images showcasing mouse nervous, lymphatic and vascular systems is accessible at http://discotechnologies.org/wildDISCO/atlas/index.php.
Heat-related mortality in Europe during the summer of 2022
Authors: Ballester Joan , Quijal-Zamorano Marcos , Méndez Turrubiates Raúl Fernando , Pegenaute Ferran , Herrmann François R. , Robine Jean Marie , Basagaña Xavier , Tonne Cathryn , Antó Josep M. , Achebak Hicham
Published: July 2023

Over 70,000 excess deaths occurred in Europe during the summer of 2003. The resulting societal awareness led to the design and implementation of adaptation strategies to protect at-risk populations. We aimed to quantify heat-related mortality burden during the summer of 2022, the hottest season on record in Europe. We analyzed the Eurostat mortality database, which includes 45,184,044 counts of death from 823 contiguous regions in 35 European countries, representing the whole population of over 543 million people. We estimated 61,672 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 37,643–86,807) heat-related deaths in Europe between 30 May and 4 September 2022. Italy (18,010 deaths; 95% CI = 13,793–22,225), Spain (11,324; 95% CI = 7,908–14,880) and Germany (8,173; 95% CI = 5,374–11,018) had the highest summer heat-related mortality numbers, while Italy (295 deaths per million, 95% CI = 226–364), Greece (280, 95% CI = 201–355), Spain (237, 95% CI = 166–312) and Portugal (211, 95% CI = 162–255) had the highest heat-related mortality rates. Relative to population, we estimated 56% more heat-related deaths in women than men, with higher rates in men aged 0–64 (+41%) and 65–79 (+14%) years, and in women aged 80+ years (+27%). Our results call for a reevaluation and strengthening of existing heat surveillance platforms, prevention plans and long-term adaptation strategies.
Positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging methods and datasets within the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN)
Authors: McKay Nicole S. , Gordon Brian A. , Hornbeck Russ C. , Dincer Aylin , Flores Shaney , Keefe Sarah J. , Joseph-Mathurin Nelly , Jack Clifford R. , Koeppe Robert , Millar Peter R. , Ances Beau M. , Chen Charles D. , Daniels Alisha , Hobbs Diana A. , Jackson Kelley , Koudelis Deborah , Massoumzadeh Parinaz , McCullough Austin , Nickels Michael L. , Rahmani Farzaneh , Swisher Laura , Wang Qing , Allegri Ricardo F. , Berman Sarah B. , Brickman Adam M. , Brooks William S. , Cash David M. , Chhatwal Jasmeer P. , Day Gregory S. , Farlow Martin R. , la Fougère Christian , Fox Nick C. , Fulham Michael , Ghetti Bernardino , Graff-Radford Neill , Ikeuchi Takeshi , Klunk William , Lee Jae-Hong , Levin Johannes , Martins Ralph , Masters Colin L. , McConathy Jonathan , Mori Hiroshi , Noble James M. , Reischl Gerald , Rowe Christopher , Salloway Stephen , Sanchez-Valle Raquel , Schofield Peter R. , Shimada Hiroyuki , Shoji Mikio , Su Yi , Suzuki Kazushi , Vöglein Jonathan , Yakushev Igor , Cruchaga Carlos , Hassenstab Jason , Karch Celeste , McDade Eric , Perrin Richard J. , Xiong Chengjie , Morris John C. , Bateman Randall J. , Benzinger Tammie L. S. ,   the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network, Brickman Adam. M. , la Fougère Christian
Published: July 2023

The Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN) is an international collaboration studying autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease (ADAD). ADAD arises from mutations occurring in three genes. Offspring from ADAD families have a 50% chance of inheriting their familial mutation, so non-carrier siblings can be recruited for comparisons in case–control studies. The age of onset in ADAD is highly predictable within families, allowing researchers to estimate an individual’s point in the disease trajectory. These characteristics allow candidate AD biomarker measurements to be reliably mapped during the preclinical phase. Although ADAD represents a small proportion of AD cases, understanding neuroimaging-based changes that occur during the preclinical period may provide insight into early disease stages of ‘sporadic’ AD also. Additionally, this study provides rich data for research in healthy aging through inclusion of the non-carrier controls. Here we introduce the neuroimaging dataset collected and describe how this resource can be used by a range of researchers.
Heart failure-induced cognitive dysfunction is mediated by intracellular Ca2+ leak through ryanodine receptor type 2
Authors: Dridi Haikel , Liu Yang , Reiken Steven , Liu Xiaoping , Argyrousi Elentina K. , Yuan Qi , Miotto Marco C. , Sittenfeld Leah , Meddar Andrei , Soni Rajesh Kumar , Arancio Ottavio , Lacampagne Alain , Marks Andrew R.
Published: July 2023

Cognitive dysfunction (CD) in heart failure (HF) adversely affects treatment compliance and quality of life. Although ryanodine receptor type 2 (RyR2) has been linked to cardiac muscle dysfunction, its role in CD in HF remains unclear. Here, we show in hippocampal neurons from individuals and mice with HF that the RyR2/intracellular Ca2+ release channels were subjected to post-translational modification (PTM) and were leaky. RyR2 PTM included protein kinase A phosphorylation, oxidation, nitrosylation and depletion of the stabilizing subunit calstabin2. RyR2 PTM was caused by hyper-adrenergic signaling and activation of the transforming growth factor-beta pathway. HF mice treated with a RyR2 stabilizer drug (S107), beta blocker (propranolol) or transforming growth factor-beta inhibitor (SD-208), or genetically engineered mice resistant to RyR2 Ca2+ leak (RyR2-p.Ser2808Ala), were protected against HF-induced CD. Taken together, we propose that HF is a systemic illness driven by intracellular Ca2+ leak that includes cardiogenic dementia.
Home-to-school pedestrian mobility GPS data from a citizen science experiment in the Barcelona area
Authors: Larroya Ferran , Díaz Ofelia , Sagarra Oleguer , Colomer Simón Pol , Ferré Salva , Moro Esteban , Perelló Josep
Published: July 2023

The analysis of pedestrian GPS datasets is fundamental to further advance on the study and the design of walkable cities. The highest resolution GPS data can characterize micro-mobility patterns and pedestrians’ micro-motives in relation to a small-scale urban context. Purposed-based recurrent mobility data inside people’s neighbourhoods is an important source in these sorts of studies. However, micro-mobility around people’s homes is generally unavailable, and if data exists, it is generally not shareable often due to privacy issues. Citizen science and its public involvement practices in scientific research are valid options to circumvent these challenges and provide meaningful datasets for walkable cities. The study presents GPS records from single-day home-to-school pedestrian mobility of 10 schools in the Barcelona Metropolitan area (Spain). The research provides pedestrian mobility from an age-homogeneous group of people. The study shares processed records with specific filtering, cleaning, and interpolation procedures that can facilitate and accelerate data usage. Citizen science practices during the whole research process are reported to offer a complete perspective of the data collected.
Automatic comprehensive radiological reports for clinical acute stroke MRIs
Authors: Liu Chin-Fu , Zhao Yi , Yedavalli Vivek , Leigh Richard , Falcao Vitor ,   on behalf of the STIR and VISTA Imaging investigators, Wintermark Max , Warach Steven J. , Albers Gregory W. , Davis Stephen M. , Grotta James C. , Hacke Werner , Kang Dong-Wha , Kidwell Chelsea , Koroshetz Walter J. , Lees Kennedy , Lev Michael H. , Liebeskind David S. , Sorensen A. Gregory , Thijs Vincent N. , Thomalla Götz , Wardlaw Joanna M. , Luby Marie , Miller Michael I. , Hillis Argye E. , Faria Andreia V.
Published: July 2023

Background

Although artificial intelligence systems that diagnosis among different conditions from medical images are long term aims, specific goals for automation of human-labor, time-consuming tasks are not only feasible but equally important. Acute conditions that require quantitative metrics, such as acute ischemic strokes, can greatly benefit by the consistency, objectiveness, and accessibility of automated radiological reports.

Methods

We used 1,878 annotated brain MRIs to generate a fully automated system that outputs radiological reports in addition to the infarct volume, 3D digital infarct mask, and the feature vector of anatomical regions affected by the acute infarct. This system is associated to a deep-learning algorithm for segmentation of the ischemic core and to parcellation schemes defining arterial territories and classically-identified anatomical brain structures.

Results

Here we show that the performance of our system to generate radiological reports was comparable to that of an expert evaluator. The weight of the components of the feature vectors that supported the prediction of the reports, as well as the prediction probabilities are outputted, making the pre-trained models behind our system interpretable. The system is publicly available, runs in real time, in local computers, with minimal computational requirements, and it is readily useful for non-expert users. It supports large-scale processing of new and legacy data, enabling clinical and translational research.

Conclusion:

The generation of reports indicates that our fully automated system is able to extract quantitative, objective, structured, and personalized information from stroke MRIs.
An optically fabricated gradient nanochannel array to access the translocation dynamics of T4-phage DNA through nanoconfinement
Authors: Zhang Chen , Hou Jiaqing , Zeng Yang , Dai Liang , Zhao Wei , Jing Guangyin , Sun Dan , Cao Yaoyu , Zhang Ce
Published: July 2023

It has been widely recognized that nanostructures in natural biological materials play important roles in regulating life machinery.
A comprehensive review on removal of environmental pollutants using a surfactant based remediation process
Authors: Saxena Neha , Islam Md Merajul , Baliyan Sainu , Sharma Deepa
Published: July 2023

Surfactants are considered amphiphilic substances, having excellent adsorption and association capabilities, offering them the potential for a variety of techniques designed to eliminate pollution and preserve the natural world.
Correction: Radiolabeling and in vivo evaluation of lanmodulin with biomedically relevant lanthanide isotopes
Authors: Martin Kirsten E. , Mattocks Joseph A. , Śmiłowicz Dariusz , Aluicio-Sarduy Eduardo , Whetter Jennifer N. , Engle Jonathan W. , Cotruvo Joseph A. , Boros Eszter
Published: July 2023

Correction for ‘Radiolabeling and in vivo evaluation of lanmodulin with biomedically relevant lanthanide isotopes’ by Kirsten E. Martin et al., RSC Chem. Biol., 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3CB00020F.
0D triiodide hybrid halide perovskite for X-ray detection
Authors: Wang Yuyin , Zhang Shaoya , Wang Yinan , Yan Jishuang , Yao Xinran , Xu Man , Lei Xiao-wu , Lin Guoming , Yue Cheng-yang
Published: July 2023

In the relentless pursuit of developing high-performance, stable and environmentally friendly materials for X-ray detection, we present a new class of Bi-based hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites.
Dihydroxyacetone production by glycerol oxidation under moderate condition using Pt loaded on La1−xBixOF solids
Authors: Nunotani Naoyoshi , Takashima Masanari , Choi Yeon-Bin , Uetake Yuta , Sakurai Hidehiro , Imanaka Nobuhito
Published: July 2023

Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) was efficiently produced from glycerol in an atmospheric open-air system at 30 °C by using Pt/La1−xBixOF/SBA-16 catalysts.
Boosted oxidative dehydrogenation of lactic acid into pyruvic acid on polyvinylpyrrolidone modified Fe2O3
Authors: Jia Zhendi , Tang Congming , Ma Kai , Li Xinli
Published: July 2023

Polyvinylpyrrolidone can regulate the growth of crystal faces and formation of oxygen vacancies, in which a synergy of the facet and vacancies boosted the oxidative dehydrogenation of lactic acid into pyruvic acid.
Trimorphic forms of 5-fluorocytosine–gentisic acid with enhanced hydration stability
Authors: Kanagavel Manimurugan , Nechipadappu Sunil Kumar
Published: July 2023

Trimorphic forms of the 5-fluorocytosine–gentisic acid multicomponent system are prepared and the polymorphic and hydration stability are discussed.
Dissolution–precipitation synthesis and thermal stability of magnesium whitlockite
Authors: Kizalaite Agne , Klimavicius Vytautas , Balevicius Vytautas , Niaura Gediminas , Salak Andrei N. , Yang Jen-Chang , Cho Sung Hun , Goto Tomoyo , Sekino Tohru , Zarkov Aleksej
Published: July 2023

Thermally induced degradation and phase transformation of magnesium whitlockite (Ca18Mg2(HPO4)2(PO4)12) powders were investigated in detail by combining XRD analysis, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy as well as 1H and 31P NMR.
Rigidized 3-aminocoumarins as fluorescent probes for strongly acidic environments and rapid yeast vacuolar lumen staining: mechanism and application
Authors: Joniak Jakub , Stankovičová Henrieta , Budzák Šimon , Sýkora Milan , Gaplovská-Kyselá Katarína , Filo Juraj , Cigáň Marek
Published: July 2023

Rigidized 3-aminocoumarins represent interesting yellowish-green-fluorescent turn-on pH probes under strongly acidic conditions and indicators capable of significantly improving yeast vacuolar lumen staining compared to the commercial CMAC derivates.
Stability and the electronic and optical properties of two-dimensional iridium trihalides with promising applications in photocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Feng Ying-Xue , Xiao Wen-Zhi , Rong Qing-Yan , Fang Jiang-Lin
Published: July 2023

Stable 2D iridium trihalides monolayers can be prepared from their layered bulk counterparts. The vdW heterostructures constructed using IrX3 monolayers are promising candidates for photocatalytic water splitting in the visible light region.
A dual ultra-broadband switchable high-performance terahertz absorber based on hybrid graphene and vanadium dioxide
Authors: Chen Wenya , Li Chao , Wang Dong , Gao Song , Zhang Chunwei , Guo Haijun , An Wei , Guo Shijing , Wu Guozheng
Published: July 2023

A dual ultra-broadband switchable terahertz absorber based on vanadium dioxide and graphene is proposed, and dynamic adjustment of the absorption rate can be achieved.
Ruthenium and palladium bimetallic nanoparticles achieving functional parity with a rhodium cocatalyst for TiO2-photocatalyzed ring hydrogenation of benzoic acid
Authors: Nakanishi Kousuke , Araki Sakae , Nomoto Kousuke , Onoue Yuichi , Yagi Ryosuke , Asakura Hiroyuki , Tanaka Atsuhiro , Tanaka Tsunehiro , Kominami Hiroshi
Published: July 2023

Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid as the ring hydrogenation product of benzoic acid was successfully obtained when Ru and Pd were simultaneously loaded on TiO2, indicating that this bimetallic system can be used in place of an Rh cocatalyst.
Effects of vacancies on the thermal conductivity of Si nanowires
Authors: Túnica Marc , Floris Paolo Sebastiano , Torres Pol , Rurali Riccardo
Published: July 2023

Vacancy concentration and distribution are versatile degrees of freedom to tailor the thermal conductivity in nanowires.
Evaluated electron scattering cross section dataset for gaseous benzene in the energy range 0.1–1000 eV
Authors: García-Abenza A. , Lozano A. I. , Álvarez L. , Oller J. C. , Rosado J. , Blanco F. , Limão-Vieira P. , García G.
Published: July 2023

In this study, a complete and self-consistent cross section dataset for electron transport simulations through gaseous benzene in the energy range 0.1–1000 eV has been critically compiled and evaluated.
Multi-band optical resonance of all-dielectric metasurfaces toward high-performance ultraviolet sensing
Authors: Zheng Jie , Zhang Cheng , Li Hong , Liu Xianchao , Huang Yijia , Zhu Jianqi , Yang Zhilin , Li Ling
Published: July 2023

Si3N4 all-dielectric metasurfaces exhibit multiple resonant modes in the ultraviolet and visible wavelengths, and the sensitivity can reach 707 nm per RIU for trace detection.
Correction: Tuning the melting point of selected ionic liquids through adjustment of the cation’s dipole moment
Authors: Rabideau Brooks D. , Soltani Mohammad , Parker Rome A. , Siu Benjamin , Salter E. Alan , Wierzbicki Andrzej , West Kevin N. , Davis James H.
Published: July 2023

Correction for ‘Tuning the melting point of selected ionic liquids through adjustment of the cation’s dipole moment’ by Brooks D. Rabideau et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2020, 22, 12301–12311, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0CP01214A.
Asymmetric arene hydrogenation: towards sustainability and application
Authors: Lückemeier Lukas , Pierau Marco , Glorius Frank
Published: July 2023

This review summarises the state-of-the-art in transition-metal catalysed asymmetric hydrogenation of (hetero)arenes and highlights recent advances with a special focus on sustainability while also addressing its shortcomings.
Collective motion of Nafion-based micromotors in water
Authors: Fraxedas Jordi , Reguera David , Esplandiu María José
Published: July 2023

We show how it is possible to design and fabricate self-propelling microswimmers based on Nafion, driven by ion-exchange, and fueled by innocuous salts.
Study of the electron-doping mechanism in single-walled carbon nanotubes using dimethylbenzimidazole
Authors: Tanaka N. , Yamaguchi I. , Yamaguchi R. , Fujigaya T.
Published: July 2023

The presence of O2was found to cause the reduction of O2on the SWCNT surface in protic solvent, resulting in production of dimethylbenzimidazole cations and water through proton-coupled electron transfer from the n-doped SWCNT and ethanol.
Reaction of Np, Am, and Cm ions with CO2 and O2 in a reaction cell in triple quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Kazama Hiroyuki , Konashi Kenji , Suzuki Tatsuya , Koyama Shin-ichi , Maeda Koji , Sekio Yoshihiro , Onishi Takashi , Abe Chikage , Shikamori Yasuyuki , Nagai Yasuyoshi
Published: July 2023

The ion–molecule reactions of actinides (237Np, 241Am, and 244Cm) in reaction cells of ICP-MS/MS were successfully modeled.
Real-time fluorescence imaging flow cytometry enabled by motion deblurring and deep learning algorithms
Authors: Wang Yiming , Huang Ziwei , Wang Xiaojie , Yang Fengrui , Yao Xuebiao , Pan Tingrui , Li Baoqing , Chu Jiaru
Published: July 2023

A real-time single-cell imaging and classification system can directly identify cell types from motion-blur images using a deep learning algorithm.
Real-time imaging of nanobubble ultrasound contrast agent flow, extravasation, and diffusion through an extracellular matrix using a microfluidic model
Authors: Cooley Michaela B. , Wulftange William J. , Wegierak Dana , Goreke Utku , Abenojar Eric C. , Gurkan Umut A. , Exner Agata A.
Published: July 2023

The ultrasound-capable microfluidic chip is a tunable, real-time method for isolating complexin vivoparameters to study nanoparticle extravasation through a heterogeneous ECM.
A comparative study on the photo-removal of a few selected priority organic pollutants in aqueous suspension using vanadium-doped-ZnO/MWCNT
Authors: Danish Mohtaram , Rasool Ziyaur , Iqbal Haider , Fatima Reesha , Kumar Shubham , Muneer Mohammad
Published: July 2023

Highly efficient vanadium doped ZnO nano-rods supported with MWCNTs (V@ZnO/MWCNT) have been fabricated using a convenient sol–gel impregnation method.
Stereochemical investigations of bioactive dihydrobenzofuran-type lignanamides from Solanum lyratum: chiral resolution, in vitro and in silico profiling
Authors: Chang Ye , Duan Zhi-Kang , Zhang Xin , Hou Jiao-Yang , Niu Jia-Qi , Yao Guo-Dong , Lin Bin , Song Shao-Jiang , Bai Ming , Huang Xiao-Xiao
Published: July 2023

Six pairs of enantiomeric dihydrobenzofuran-type lignanamides consisting of nine undescribed compounds (1a, 2a/2b–3a, and 4b–6a/6b), along with a previously undescribed racemic mixture (7), were isolated from Solanum lyratum.
Computational investigation of graphene quantum dot and tridentate Au(iii) complex composites
Authors: Tang Lingkai , Luo Yafei , Sun Guangzhou , Jiang Yu , Luo Wenqin , Yue Xinru , Zhang Zhigang , Zhang Chunran , Hu Jianping
Published: July 2023

We studied Au(iii) complex decay using DFT and TDDFT to understand the impact of graphene quantum dot (GQD) ligands on emission properties and phosphorescence quantum yields.
Expression of concern: Highly stereoselective gram scale synthesis of all the four diastereoisomers of Boc-protected 4-methylproline carboxylates
Authors: Sun Kehuan , Tao Cheng , Long Bohua , Zeng Xiaobin , Wu Zhengzhi , Zhang Ronghua
Published: July 2023

Expression of concern for ‘Highly stereoselective gram scale synthesis of all the four diastereoisomers of Boc-protected 4-methylproline carboxylates’ by Kehuan Sun et al., RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 32017–32020, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9RA06827A.
Optimal intelligent edge‐servers placement in the healthcare field
Authors: Jasim Ahmed M. , Al‐Raweshidy Hamed
Published: July 2023

The efficiency improvement of healthcare systems is a major national goal across the world. However, delivering scalable and reliable healthcare services to people, while managing costs, is a challenging problem. The most promising methods to address this issue are based on smart healthcare (s‐health) technologies. Furthermore, the combination of edge computing and s‐health can yield additional benefits in terms of delay, bandwidth, power consumption, security, and privacy. However, the strategic placement of edge‐servers is crucial to achieve further cost and latency benefits. This article is divided into two parts: an AI‐based priority mechanism to identify urgent cases, aimed at improving quality of service and quality of experience is proposed. Then, an optimal edge‐servers placement (OESP) algorithm to obtain a cost‐efficient architecture with lower delay and complete coverage is presented. The results demonstrate that the proposed priority mechanism algorithms can reduce the latency for patients depending on their number and level of urgency, prioritising those with the greatest need. In addition, the OESP algorithm successfully selects the best sites to deploy edge‐servers to achieve a cost‐efficient system, with an improvement of more than 80%. In sum, the article introduces an improved healthcare system with commendable performance, enhanced cost‐effectiveness, and lower latency.
Design, performance, and techno‐economic analysis of a rooftop grid‐tied PV system for a remotely located building
Authors: Eiva Umme Riazul Jannat , Fahim Thakeya Mojtari , Islam Sikder Sunbeam , Ullah Md. Aasim
Published: July 2023

The utilization of fossil fuel leads to excessive CO2 emissions that have negative impacts on the environment. The continued trend of this practice may result in an increase in the occurrence of storms, cyclones, starvation, and floods, as well as a rise in atmospheric temperature. Therefore, the focus should be on renewable energy sources, as they emit less CO2. This study presents the design and modeling of a 135‐kW solar PV grid‐connected power generation system for a university's remotely located building. The system is designed to function optimally in an area with an average solar radiation of 585.8 W/m2. The technical, financial, and annual performance of the system is demonstrated, which includes fixed‐mounted racking with 26° fixed‐tilt angle structures and monofacial PV panels. The design is validated and simulated using the PVsyst for designing a PV On‐Grid design and SketchUp for shadow analysis tools to determine the system's ideal size, technical requirements, and electrical power output. Moreover, two different inverters (Company A and Company B inverters) were used to compare and analyse the system's performance with the same PV panel. This project's results may impact the university's choice to install a solar PV system to minimize power consumption.
International Survey of Perfusion Practice for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery: 2021 Results
Authors: Walczak Ashley B. , Voss Jordan M. , Dreher Molly , Matte Gregory S. , Fonseca Rachel , Gupta Rajeev , Averina Tatiana , Xin Xin Li , Groom Robert
Published: July 2023

The conduct of cardiopulmonary bypass in neonatal, infant, and pediatric patients continuously evolves as new devices and innovative techniques are introduced. Since 1989, periodic pediatric perfusion surveys have been conducted to ascertain practice patterns involving demographics, equipment, and perfusion techniques. The goal of this current project is to provide an updated perspective on international pediatric and congenital perfusion practice since the last survey conducted in 2016. In July 2021, a 100-question perfusion survey was distributed to 284 pediatric cardiac surgery centers using a secure web browser-based data application. Each center was given a unique survey hyperlink to ensure one response per institution and to monitor the response rate. Centers were given 1 month to complete the survey and electronic reminders were sent weekly to nonrespondents. After the survey was closed, information from completed surveys was exported to a software program for analysis. Responses were received from 153 of 284 pediatric centers for a response rate of 54%. Sixty respondents (39%) were from North American (NA) centers while 93 respondents (61%) were from non-North American (NNA) centers. The vast majority of centers use a roller head arterial pump (93%), hollow fiber oxygenators with open reservoirs (86%), and integrated arterial line filters (73%). The use of modified ultrafiltration was reported by 76% of centers. Ninety-two percent of centers reported the use of selective antegrade cerebral perfusion for aortic arch repairs. The N + 1 staffing model was most prevalent (52%), followed by two perfusionists per case (33%). Periodic surveys continue to be a useful modality in assessing regional variation in pediatric perfusion practice. This survey marked the first time the majority of responses came from non-North American institutions. Identifying these practice patterns may aid in the development of, and adherence to, regional standards and guidelines. This would foster the reduction of variation in practice and potentially improve patient safety.
Overview of Cardiopulmonary Bypass Techniques and the Incidence of Postoperative Complications in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Complex Pulmonary Artery Reconstruction
Authors: Margetson Tristan , Mainwaring Richard D. , Hanley Frank L.
Published: July 2023

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is routinely used for performing congenital heart operations. While most congenital heart operations can be performed with bypass times under 2 hours, complex pulmonary artery reconstructions require longer periods of CPB to facilitate the surgical repair. This article is intended to summarize the surgical and perfusion techniques utilized in patients undergoing complex pulmonary artery reconstructions at our institution. The initial portion of this manuscript provides an in-depth description of the surgical techniques employed for pulmonary artery reconstructions. This information is important in order to understand why prolonged CPB is a necessary requirement. The manuscript then provides a detailed description of the perfusion techniques and the modifications to the CPB circuit. Finally, the manuscript provides a summary of data from a clinical study evaluating the application of these techniques in 100 consecutive children undergoing complex pulmonary artery reconstruction. The data from this study demonstrated that there was a poor correlation between duration of CPB and both the number of postoperative complications and hospital length of stay. Major adverse cardiac events occurred in 11 (11%) patients with one hospital mortality. These results suggest that prolonged CPB does not predispose to adverse outcomes in this select population of patients.
Relationship between Euthyroidism and Muscle Mass and Strength: A
Systematic Review
Authors: Greco Francesca , Moulton Chantalle , Antinozzi Cristina , Lista Marco , Di Luigi Luigi , Dimauro Ivan , Sgrò Paolo
Published: July 2023

Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in skeletal muscle development, suggesting
that thyroid function may influence muscle mass and muscle strength, which are
both fundamental health-related indicators of several age-related consequences.
However, whether there is a relationship between thyroid hormones, muscle mass,
and muscle strength in individuals without thyroid dysfunctions is still
unknown. Therefore, this systematic review aims to investigate whether thyroid
hormones are related to muscle mass and strength parameters in euthyroid
individuals. Three databases were searched (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) up
to February 14, 2022, for peer-reviewed papers published in English. The search
results were conducted independently by two different reviewers. The review
included 13 studies with a total of 241,044 participants. All studies were
observational: twelve studies measured thyroid stimulating hormone, ten and
thirteen studies measured free triiodothyronine and free thyroxine, four studies
analyzed the thyroid hormone ratio. The assessment methods for muscle mass were
computed tomography, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and bioimpedance analysis,
whereas hand dynamometer for muscle strength. Low levels within the normal range
of free triiodothyronine, high levels within the normal range of free thyroxine,
and lower thyroid hormone ratio may contribute to a reduced muscle function,
which seems more evident in older males.
Studies on Selective Metalation and Cross-Coupling Reactions of Oxazoles
Authors: Menche Dirk , Wagner Raphael , Wollnitzke Philipp , Essig Sebastian , Gölz Jan P.
Published: July 2023

A general study on selective functionalization of unsubstituted oxazole is reported. Specific halogenation at C2 and C5 was enabled by a sequential deprotonation strategy that was based on the different pK
a values of these positions, while a halide at C4 may be introduced by an optimized halogen dance reaction. Efficient protocols for subsequent sp2–sp2 and sp2–sp3 cross-coupling reactions of the derived oxazolyl halides were then established. This modular approach was applied in the total synthesis of ajudazol A and a selected analogue, demonstrating the general feasibility of these conditions in a complex setting.
Metal-Free Directed C–H Borylation of Indoles at the Sterically Congested C2 Position
Authors: Yan Chaoguo , Shi Zhuangzhi , Jiang Wang , Bai Jingyi , Lv Jiahang , Zhao Yue
Published: July 2023

During the past few decades, transition metal-catalyzed C–H borylation has been one of the most notable advances in synthetic chemistry and has been widely employed in the preparation of organoboron reagents. Due to economic and heavy-metal-residue concerns, there is significant interest in the development of metal-free processes to mimic metallic systems. Here, we disclose a highly efficient metal-free approach for the directed C–H borylation of C3-substituted indoles at the sterically congested C2 position that uses the inexpensive boron reagent BBr3. Compared with the conventional methods using transition metals, this practical protocol provides an ideal pathway to obtain numerous C2-borylated indoles. The benefit of the synthesis of complex molecules and their applicability to medicinal chemistry is also shown through the construction of key intermediates of (–)-goniomitine and bazedoxifene and by a total synthesis of the drug fluvastatin. Mechanistic experiments demonstrate the site selectivity of this C–H borylation process.
Remote Steric Control for Site-Selective Synthesis
Authors: Asako Sobi , Ilies Laurean
Published: July 2023

Control of site selectivity for organic synthesis in general, and for transition-metal-catalyzed C–H functionalization in particular, is an important and challenging task. Steric interactions have been widely used to control reaction selectivity, but these strategies are largely limited to proximity sites. Recently, control of site selectivity through remote steric interactions has emerged as an attractive strategy that can enable selective reactions at distal sites from a steric marker. This review will cover recent developments in this area, with a focus on borylation reactions and transition-metal-catalyzed C–H activation.
Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Tyrosine-5 Fluorinated Analogues of RA-VII, An Antitumor Bicyclic Hexapeptide
Authors: Hitotsuyanagi Yukio , Yoshida Yuki , Nagaishi Chihiro , Hasuda Tomoyo , Park Hyun-Sun , Takeya Koichi
Published: July 2023

RA-VII analogues fluorinated at each ε-position of Tyr-5 were designed. The synthesis of these peptide analogues commenced with the preparation of atropisomeric fluorocycloisodityrosines from protected 3-fluoro-L-tyrosyl-3-boronyl-L-tyrosine mediated by copper(II) acetate and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine. After N-methylation, the tetrapeptide segment was coupled with the N-terminus of each fluorocycloisodityrosine to afford a hexapeptide. After removal of the C- and N-terminal protecting groups, each peptide was subjected to macrocyclization to produce an analogue. The analogue with a β-oriented fluorine atom was equipotent to RA-VII with regard to cytotoxicity toward human mammary carcinoma MCF-7 cells, and showed 2.1-fold and 1.4-fold lower cytotoxicities than RA-VII toward human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 and human colorectal cancer HCT-116 cells, respectively, whereas the analogue with an α-oriented fluorine atom showed 7.7-fold, 6.0-fold, and 14-fold lower cytotoxicities than RA-VII toward those cells, respectively.
Visible-Light-Photoexcited Palladium-Catalyzed Silylmethylation of Benzyl Alcohol Derivatives
Authors: Mizoguchi Haruki , Sakakura Akira , Yoshida Ryuji , Ikeda Haruka
Published: July 2023

An intramolecular C–H silylmethylation of benzylic alcohol derivatives catalyzed by a visible-light-photoexcited palladium complex was developed. Irradiation of the palladium complex with blue LEDs resulted in efficient activation of a C–I bond, and subsequent intramolecular radical arylation afforded siloxacycle products. Selective protonation or oxidation of the C–Si bond of the cyclized materials afforded ortho-methylated and ortho-hydroxymethylated derivatives of the benzylic alcohol derivatives.
Respiratory System Dynamics
Authors: Kaminsky David A. , Cockcroft Donald W. , Davis Beth E.
Published: July 2023

While static mechanical forces govern resting lung volumes, dynamic forces determine tidal breathing, airflow, and changes in airflow and lung volume during normal and abnormal breathing. This section will examine the mechanisms, measurement methodology, and interpretation of the dynamic changes in airflow and lung volume that occur in health and disease. We will first examine how the total work of breathing can be described by the parameters of the equation of motion, which determine the pressure required to move air into and out of the lung. This will include a detailed description of airflow characteristics and airway resistance. Next, we will review the changes in pressure and flow that determine maximal forced inspiration and expiration, which result in the maximal flow–volume loop and the clinically important forced expired volume in 1 second. We will also assess the mechanisms and interpretation of bronchodilator responsiveness, dynamic hyperinflation, and airways hyperresponsiveness.
Unfortunate Accidental Twins: Two Patients with Endocarditis of a Valve-Bearing Conduit
Authors: Ostovar Roya , Albes Johannes M.
Published: July 2023

Background Prosthetic valve endocarditis is becoming more common because many patients live long enough to experience bacteremia, while insufficient antibiotic prophylaxis eventually leads to graft infection. Valve-bearing conduit infections are the most feared because of technical challenges.

Case Description Two young patients were coincidental twins in terms of diagnosis and therapy. Both underwent complete replacement of the conduit, aortic arch prosthesis, and additional strategies to reconnect the coronary ostia and the brachiocephalic trunk. Both were discharged without significant residual problems.

Conclusion Even most demanding infectious problems can be solved. Thus, surgery should not be denied.
Laboratory Diagnosis of Activated Protein C Resistance and Factor V Leiden
Authors: Bahraini Mehran , Fazeli Alieh , Dorgalaleh Akbar
Published: July 2023

The factor V Leiden (FVL) polymorphism is known as the most common inherited risk factor for venous thrombosis. In turn, FVL is the leading cause of an activated protein C resistance (APCR) phenotype, in which the addition of exogenous activated protein C to plasma does not result in the expected anticoagulant effect. In the routine laboratory approach to the formal diagnosis of FVL, an initial positive screening plasma-based method for APCR is often performed, and only if needed, this is followed by a confirmatory DNA-based assay for FVL. Multiple methods with accepted sensitivity and specificity for determining an APCR/FVL phenotype are commonly categorized into two separate groups: (1) screening plasma-based assays, including qualitative functional clot-based assays, for APCR, and (2) confirmatory DNA-based molecular assays, entailing several tests and platforms, including polymerase chain reaction-based and non-PCR-based techniques, for FVL. This review will describe the methodological aspects of each laboratory test and prepare suggestions on the indication of APCR and FVL testing and method selection.
Rivaroxaban versus Apixaban for Treatment of Cancer-Associated Venous Thromboembolism in Patients at Lower Risk of Bleeding
Authors: Caroti Kimberly Snow , Becattini Cecilia , Carrier Marc , Cohen Alexander T. , Ekbom Anders , Khorana Alok A. , Lee Agnes Y.Y. , Brescia Christopher , Abdelgawwad Khaled , Psaroudakis George , Rivera Marcela , Schaefer Bernhard , Brobert Gunnar , Coleman Craig I.
Published: July 2023

This retrospective study, utilizing U.S. electronic health record (EHR) data from January 2013 to December 2020, sought to assess whether rivaroxaban and apixaban had similar effectiveness and safety in the treatment of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with a cancer type not associated with a high risk of bleeding. We included adults diagnosed with active cancer, excluding esophageal, gastric, unresected colorectal, bladder, noncerebral central nervous system cancers and leukemia, who experienced VTE and received a therapeutic VTE dose of rivaroxaban or apixaban on day 7 post-VTE, and were active in the EHR ≥12 months prior to the VTE. Primary outcome was the composite of recurrent VTE or any bleed resulting in hospitalization at 3 months. Secondary outcomes included recurrent VTE, any bleed resulting in hospitalization, any critical organ bleed, and composites of these outcomes at 3 and 6 months. Inverse probability of treatment-weighted Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We included 1,344 apixaban and 1,093 rivaroxaban patients. At 3 months, rivaroxaban was found to have similar hazard to apixaban for developing recurrent VTE or any bleed resulting in hospitalization (HR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.60–1.27). No differences were observed between cohorts for this outcome at 6 months (HR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.71–1.40) or for any other outcome at 3 or 6 months. In conclusion, patients receiving rivaroxaban or apixaban showed similar risks of the composite of recurrent VTE or any bleed resulting in hospitalization in patients with cancer-associated VTE. This study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT05461807.

Key Points