bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Piezoelectric Properties of GaN Self-Organized Quantum Dots
Authors: Daudin B. , Widmann F. , Simon J. , Feuillet G. , Rouvière J. L. , Pelekanos N. T. , Fishman G.
Published: January 2018

It is demonstrated that GaN quantum dots with the wurtzite structure grown by molecular beam epitaxy on AlN exhibit optical properties which, depending on the size of the dots, may be dominated by piezoelectric effects. In "large" quantum dots with an average height and diameter of 4.1 and 17 nm, respectively, the photoluminescence peak is centered at 2.95 eV, nearly 0.5 eV below the bulk GaN bandgap, which is assigned to a piezoelectric field of 5.5 MV/cm present in the dots. The decay time of the photoluminescence was also measured. A comparison is carried out with theoretical calculation of the radiative lifetime.
Focused Ion Beam Micromachining of GaN Photonic Devices
Authors: Chyr Irving , Steckl A. J.
Published: January 2018

Ga+ and Au+ focused ion beams (FIB) are used to micromachine GaN films. The GaN micromachining has been studied at energies from 30-90 keV, incident angle from 0-30°, and number of repetitive scans from 10 to 50 scans. Trenches milled in GaN have vertical and smooth side-walls and very smooth bottoms. The micromachining rate was found to be fairly independent of ion dose, ranging from 0.4 to 0.6 µm3/nC for Ga+ and 1 to 2 µm3/nC for Au+. This translates into an effective yield of of 6-7 atoms/ion for Ga+ and 21-26 atoms/ion for Au+. This represents the highest direct FIB removal yield reported to date. We have also investigated the micromachining of GaN substrate material: c-face sapphire. Using FIB Ga+, sapphire has an effective yield of ∼2-2.5 atoms/ion, or approximately 1/3 of the GaN sputtering yield. For the materials investigated, we found the sputtering yield to be inversely proportional to the strength of the material chemical bond. We also describe the application of the FIB μmachining technique to the fabrication of small period Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) mirrors for a short cavity GaN laser structure.
Visible and Infrared Rare-Earth Activated Electroluminescence from Erbium Doped GaN
Authors: Garter M. , Birkhahn R. , Steckl A. J. , Scofield J.
Published: January 2018

Room temperature visible and IR light electroluminescence (EL) has been obtained from Er-doped GaN Schottky barrier diodes. The GaN was grown by molecular beam epitaxy on Si substrates using solid sources (for Ga and Er) and a plasma source for N2. Transparent contacts utilizing indium tin oxide were employed. Strong green light emission was observed under reverse bias due to electron impact excitation of the Er atoms. Weaker emission was present under forward bias. The emission spectrum consists of two narrow green lines at 537 and 558 nm and minor peaks at 413, 461, 665, and 706 nm. There is also emission at 1000 nm and 1540 nm in the IR. The green emission lines have been identified as Er transitions from the 2H11/2 and 4S3/2 levels to the 4I15/2 ground state. The IR emission lines have been identified as transitions from the 4I11/2 and 4I13/2 levels to the 4I15/2 ground state. EL intensity for visible and IR light has a sub-unity power law dependence on bias current. An external quantum efficiency of 0.1% has also been demonstrated under a reverse bias current of 3.85 mA.
Photoluminescence and Photoluminescence Excitation Spectroscopy of in Situ Er-Doped and Er-Implanted GaN Films Grown by Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy
Authors: Kim S. , Li X. , Coleman J. J. , Zhang R. , Hansen D. M. , Kuech T. F. , Bishop S. G.
Published: January 2018

Photoluminescence (PL) and photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectroscopy have been carried out at 6K on the 1540 nm 4I13/2 → 4I15/2 emission of Er3+ in in situ Er-doped and Erimplanted GaN grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE). The PL and PLE of these two different Er-doped HVPE-grown GaN films are compared with Er-implanted GaN grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD).

In the in situ Er-doped HVPE-grown GaN, the lineshape of the broad PLE absorption bands and the broad PL bands is similar to that in Er-doped glass. The PL spectra of this in situ Er-doped sample are independent of excitation wavelength, unlike the PL of the Er-implanted GaN. These PL spectra are quite different from the site-selective PL spectra observed in the Er-implanted GaN, indicating that the seven different Er3+ sites existing in the Er-implanted MOCVD-grown GaN are not observed in the in situ Er-doped HVPE-grown GaN. Four of the seven different Er3+ sites observed in the Er-implanted MOCVD-grown GaN annealed at 900°C under a flow of N2 are present in the Er-implanted HVPE-grown GaN annealed at 800°C in an NH3/H2 atmosphere.
Japanese dental students’ perceptions of videoconferencing lectures in the global classroom
Authors: Oka Hiroko , Suardita Ketut
Published: January 2018

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Purpose: Research-informed teaching is a crucial component of university education, and exposure to lectures by world scientists is one way to motivate undergraduate students to develop the future of dentistry. This study aimed to examine dental students' perceptions of international videoconferencing lectures on basic/clinical research, as well as Japanese dental students' perceptions of the use of videoconferencing lectures in large classes. Methods: We administered a questionnaire survey to senior undergraduate students in dental schools that participated in videoconferencing lectures in 2015/2016 in Japan (n=92) and Indonesia (n=175) and analyzed the data quantitatively and qualitatively. Results: Half of the Japanese and Indonesian students reported being motivated by the presence of foreign dental students in the videoconferencing lectures although there were significant differences between the Japanese and Indonesian students on the English ability. Japanese students were divided into six clusters according to their general evaluation of the lectures, their English abilities, and their understanding of the lecture topics. Conclusion: Overall, many undergraduate dental students reported being motivated by international videoconferencing lectures in large classes. Therefore, using international videoconferencing lectures on basic/clinical research, while overcoming the limited English abilities of the participants, could serve as an effective instructional method for Japanese dental students.
Conflitos e ambiguidades de papéis no trabalho de juízes: as percepções de juízes portugueses
Authors: Guimarães Tomas Aquino , Gomes Adalmir Oliveira , Correia Pedro Miguel Alves Ribeiro , Oliveira Ines , Piazentin Tânia
Published: January 2018

Resumo Reformas em judiciários de diversos países criaram um novo papel para os juízes, um papel gerencial, em que juízes assumem novas responsabilidades relacionadas com as atividades administrativas. Esse novo papel é diferente do papel tradicional, focado em tarefas judiciais, e tem gerado conflitos no trabalho de juízes. Com base nesse contexto, o presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar e discutir conflitos e ambiguidades envolvendo os papéis judicial e gerencial, desempenhados por juízes de Portugal. A pesquisa foi realizada em Portugal, entre 2013 e 2014, e os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas em profundidade com 12 juízes. Os principais conflitos são: incompatibilidade entre a realização de atividades judiciais e administrativas; carga de trabalho elevada e equipe administrativa insuficiente e desmotivada; produtividade versus qualidade do trabalho judicial; e alta responsabilidade do cargo e baixo salário. As principais ambiguidades identificadas nas entrevistas referem-se a: relação formal entre juízes e pessoal administrativo; função do juiz no processo de planejamento dos tribunais; critério para distribuição de processos judiciais entre juízes; e critério de avaliação do desempenho de juízes. Os resultados são discutidos e são sugeridas pesquisas adicionais.
Implementação da política de saúde pública e seus desafios na era digital
Authors: Mendes Vera Lúcia Peixoto Santos , Aguiar Fábio Campos
Published: January 2018

Resumo Analisa-se a implementação da política pública de regulação de leitos em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva, considerando-se a política formulada, as condições institucionais e as estratégias utilizadas pelo estado e municípios baianos. Realiza-se revisão bibliográfica à luz do neoinstitucionalismo da escola da escolha racional e estudo de natureza qualitativa com três grupos de burocratas de médio escalão. Os resultados evidenciam um gap entre a política formulada e a implementada, a influência dos burocratas na implementação da política pública e uso das tecnologias da informação e comunicação, utilização de semelhantes estratégias de regulação, sendo a estratégia clientelística, associada ao uso do WhatsApp, encontrada na regulação paralela de leitos, indicativo de que, mesmo sob a égide do estado gerencial, persistem as práticas clientelísticas e patrimonialistas.
Evaluation of adjuvant chemotherapy in feline injection site-associated sarcoma
Authors: Pereira S.T. , Campos C.B. , Horta R.S. , Lavalle G.E. , Araujo R.B.
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT Feline Injection Site-Associated Sarcoma (FISS) is a neoplasm that implies in reduction of quality of life and overall survival in feline patients. A retrospective study of 13 cases of FISS was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of surgical treatment associated to chemotherapy with doxorubicin or carboplatin. Local recurrence occurred in all patients. Patients treated with surgery and chemotherapy presented a longer overall survival and disease-free interval when compared to those that solely received surgical treatment, although no statistical significance was observed (p= 0.3360 and 0.7506, respectively). Surgery remains as the main option for FISS treatment. Further prospective studies with larger samples are warranted to investigate the benefit of chemotherapy for this neoplasm.
Teofilina como agente capacitante do sêmen bovino
Authors: Varago F.C. , Silva L.P. , Ribeiro J.R. , Fernandes C.A. , Carvalho B.C. , Gioso M. M. , Moustacas V.S.
Published: January 2018

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar a teofilina como agente capacitante substituto ou associado à heparina sobre a reação acrossômica dos espermatozoides e o desenvolvimento de embriões produzidos in vitro. O experimento foi realizado com quatro touros e três tratamentos, totalizando 12 grupos experimentais. O sêmen dos touros foi avaliado nos tratamentos descritos a seguir: tratamento 1 (HEP): heparina - 10µg/mL; tratamento 2 (TEO): teofilina - 5mM; tratamento 3 (HEP + TEO): heparina (10µg/mL) + teofilina (5mM), por zero, seis, 12 e 18 horas, corados com trypan blue/Giemsa para avaliação da reação acrossômica. Para a produção dos embriões, os agentes capacitantes foram adicionados aos meios de fertilização. Na análise espermática, a taxa de reação acrossômica verdadeira foi maior (P<0,05) no tempo zero hora, enquanto para espermatozoides mortos, as maiores taxas (P<0,05) foram nos tempos de 12h (84,46±5,82) e 18h (86,75±4,19). A taxa de embriões produzidos (37,97±13) e a taxa de eclosão (33,50±14) foram maiores (P<0,05) para o tratamento HEP. Não foi observada diferença (P>0,05) entre touros na análise de reação acrossômica nem na PIVE. A utilização da teofilina foi tão eficiente quanto a da heparina na indução da reação acrossômica, no entanto resultou em menores taxas de produção embrionária.
Sonda uretral flexível como método alternativo para aferição invasiva da pressão intracraniana em trauma cranioencefálico induzido em coelhos
Authors: Aiello G. , Andrades A.O. , Ripplinger A. , Soares A.V. , Polidoro D. , Vaz M.A.B. , Colvero A.C. , Santos R.P. , Conceição R. , Chaves R.O. , Mazzanti A.
Published: January 2018

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi utilizar a sonda uretral flexível como método alternativo para aferição da pressão intracraniana em coelhos com trauma cranioencefálico induzido pelo cateter de Fogarty 4 Fr (balão epidural) e comparar os dados obtidos com o método convencional de cateter de ventriculostomia. Foram utilizados 12 coelhos, machos, adultos, distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos, denominados de G1: mensuração da PIC com cateter de ventriculostomia (n=6) e G2: mensuração com sonda uretral (n=6). Foram realizadas duas craniotomias na região parietal direita e esquerda para a implantação do cateter de ventriculostomia ou sonda uretral flexível e o balão epidural, respectivamente. A PAM, a PPC, a FC, a FR e a TR foram mensurados antes e após a craniotomia. A PIC foi avaliada após a craniotomia e a cada 10 minutos depois do preenchimento do balonete com 0,3mL de NaCl 0,9%, durante 40 minutos, e com 0,6mL, pelo mesmo período de tempo, totalizando 80 minutos. A PIC aumentou em ambos os grupos, sendo menores os valores registrados com a sonda uretral flexível. Foi possível reproduzir o aumento da PIC com o modelo experimental de TCE utilizando o cateter de Fogarty 4 Fr na região epidural e, embora haja a necessidade de outros estudos, a sonda uretral flexível demonstra ser um método alternativo de mensuração da PIC em coelhos com trauma cranioencefálico.
Gamma radiation treatment applied to microbial decontamination of products derived from eggs collected from the retail market in São Paulo
Authors: Aquino S. , Lui C.C. , Corrêa B.
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT The quality of products derived from eggs depends on the quality of the raw material source and the industrial production. The contamination by fungi and bacteria can occur after exposure of the product in the retail market. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of 60 samples of derivated egg products and evaluate the effects of gamma radiation of cobalt-60, using the dose of 5 and 10 kGy, for decontamination of products collected in the retail market in the São Paulo city. The bacterial count was performed by the most probable number (MPN) and the fungal counts by serial dilution after plating surface. It was observed a decrease in the humidity and water activity (Aw) values of irradiated whole egg powder and white egg powder samples (p<0.05), but there was no significant change in the pH of the same samples irradiated with 5 and 10 kGy (p>0.05). In the powdered yolk the values of pH and Aw presented a significant difference (p<0.05), but no significant difference in the humidity values of 5 and 10 kGy irradiated samples (p>0.05). Effective microbial sterilization of all products occurred at the dose of 10 kGy.
Avaliação histológica e por microscopia eletrônica de varredura da biocerâmica de fosfato de cálcio nano-estruturada micromacro porosa em grânulos em defeito crítico de rádio de coelhos
Authors: Aristizabal O.L.P. , Castro J.A.V. , Vargas M.I.V. , Rezende C.M.F.
Published: January 2018

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar, histologicamente e por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), a evolução de defeitos críticos experimentais em rádio de coelhos preenchidos ou não com biocerâmica fosfocálcica nanoestruturada micromacro porosa em grânulos. Utilizaram-se 70 coelhos, Nova Zelândia, adultos jovens, machos, e realizou-se um defeito crítico nos rádios. Os membros constituíram os grupos: GI, biocerâmica lenta, GII, biocerâmica moderada e GIII, controle negativo. Após cada período experimental, os animais foram sacrificados, e os rádios coletados. As avaliações histológicas foram realizadas aos oito, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 e 120 dias, e as análises de MEV aos 60, 90 e 120 dias. Histologicamente, observou-se processo de reparação óssea mais adiantado nos grupos GI e GII comparando-se ao GIII. Na MEV, constatou-se maior proporção de osso maduro e presença de ósteons secundários nos GI e GII, sendo mais evidente no GII, confirmando os achados histológicos. As cerâmicas promoveram preenchimento completo do defeito, enquanto no grupo controle houve preenchimento no centro do defeito, permanecendo espaços vazios nas laterais. Conclui-se que o emprego das biocerâmicas de absorção lenta e moderada favorece a regeneração óssea completa em defeitos críticos sendo indicadas como substituto ósseo. A maturação óssea ocorre mais precocemente quando se emprega a cerâmica de absorção moderada.
Insulinoma canino: relato de caso
Authors: Padovani L. , Silva D.D. , Moreira J.R. , Cardoso M.J.L. , Santis G.W. Di , Zanutto M.S.
Published: January 2018

RESUMO O insulinoma é um tumor das células β do pâncreas, que têm a função de produzir e secretar insulina e, geralmente são malignos em cães. O presente trabalho descreve o diagnóstico e o manejo terapêutico de três casos de insulinoma. Os sinais clínicos dos animais relatados variaram de acordo com a severidade e a duração da hipoglicemia. O diagnóstico presuntivo se deu através dos sinais clínicos e da dosagem de insulina sérica no momento de mais intensa hipoglicemia e, o diagnóstico definitivo foi obtido por meio de exame histopatológico nos três casos relatados. O tratamento realizado variou de acordo com a intensidade dos sinais clínicos.
Avaliação da dexmedetomidina e do tramadol, associados ao midazolam, em gatas anestesiadas com isoflurano e submetidas à ovário-histerectomia
Authors: Lemos V.C.C. , Sande J.Q. , Barbosa V.F. , Costa Neto J.M. , Martins Filho E.F. , Iwassa C.H.D.
Published: January 2018

RESUMO Objetivou-se comparar as alterações cardiorrespiratórias e a analgesia pós-operatória promovidas pela dexmedetomidina e pelo tramadol, quando associados ao midazolam, em felinas. Para tal, foram selecionadas 18 gatas hígidas, divididas em dois grupos randomizados: GDM, tratadas com dexmedetomidina (10µg/kg) e GTM, tratadas com tramadol (2mg/kg), ambos associados a midazolam (0,2mg/kg,) IM. Após 15 minutos, procedeu-se à indução anestésica com propofol (1,46±0,79mL), mantendo-se a anestesia com isoflurano. As felinas foram submetidas à ovário-histerectomia, registrando-se as variáveis cardiorrespiratórias 15 minutos após a MPA (M0), 15 minutos após a indução (M15) e sequencialmente a cada cinco minutos, até o término do procedimento cirúrgico (M20, M25, M30, M35 e M40). A avaliação da dor iniciou-se 30 minutos após o término do procedimento cirúrgico (MP30) e sequencialmente em intervalos de 30 minutos (MP60, MP90, MP120). A partir do MP120, as avaliações foram registradas a cada hora (MP180, MP240 e MP360). A associação dexmedetomidina-midazolam infere diminuição inicial de frequência cardíaca (FC) sem significado clínico e está relacionada à sedação mais pronunciada, à analgesia menor e menos duradoura e a episódios de êmese, quando comparada à associação tramadol-midazolam. Ambos os protocolos denotaram estabilidade cardiorrespiratória e podem ser considerados seguros em felinas submetidas à ovário-histectomia.
Ceratoconjuntivite nodular em um caso de leishmaniose visceral canina: relato de caso
Authors: Eguchi G.U. , Oliveira G.G. , Babo-Terra V.J. , Souza A.I. , Barros R. , Palumbo M.I.P.
Published: January 2018

RESUMO Relata-se um caso de leishmaniose visceral canina com ceratoconjuntivite nodular como queixa exclusiva do proprietário. O diagnóstico se deu pela observação de formas amastigotas de Leishmania sp. no exame parasitológico direto de citologia aspirativa conjuntival. Lesões oculares raramente são queixas principais únicas de cães com leishmaniose, como o caso em questão, o que demonstra a variabilidade de apresentação clínica da doença e a importância da realização de testes laboratoriais diagnósticos para leishmaniose como triagem para pacientes de áreas endêmicas.
A dimensão moral das decisões administrativas e os limites da racionalidade limitada
Authors: Procópio Marcos Luís
Published: January 2018

Resumo Hoje, o estudo da decisão nas organizações apresenta uma considerável diversidade de abordagens epistemológicas, teórico-conceituais e metodológicas. Todavia, poucas ideias tiveram impacto tão profundo e duradouro no pensamento gerencial sobre as decisões quanto aquelas relacionadas à racionalidade limitada. Apresentada por Herbert Simon no final dos anos 1940, a racionalidade limitada supostamente contesta os pilares fundamentais da racionalidade plena, propondo um caminho mais “realista” para descrever como as escolhas são feitas pelos indivíduos nas organizações. A despeito dos avanços em relação ao modelo da racionalidade plena, será que a racionalidade limitada realmente representa uma mudança de paradigma na interpretação da decisão gerencial? Este ensaio teórico busca demonstrar que a teoria da racionalidade limitada não rompe substancialmente com a teoria da racionalidade plena, uma vez que ainda está longe de abordar os aspectos efetivamente relevantes da decisão gerencial, a saber, seus aspectos morais. O artigo também apresenta e discute elementos conceituais úteis para a edificação de uma teoria moral da racionalidade, a fim de demonstrar como uma verdadeira ruptura com a concepção de racionalidade de Simon pode ser articulada e quais seriam os avanços e as vantagens que tal ruptura traria à investigação dos processos decisórios nas organizações.
Market failure as ignored determinant of the choice between public and business administration
Authors: Candler Gaylord George , Randle John Paul
Published: January 2018

Abstract In the epistemology of administrative science, one of many important dimensions has been the different subfields of the study of administration. Perhaps the biggest, longest running ‘turf’ battle between these different areas of administrative knowledge is that between public and business administration. This is a controversy that goes back at least to Adam Smith, with his specific limitation of the role of ‘the sovereign’ (government, or public administration) to justice, defense, and public works. In limiting government to these areas, note that Smith was also implicitly asserting that these were market, or ‘invisible hand’ failures: areas where the pursuit of self-interest would not yield the good of society, the specific moral justification Smith identified for market exchange. Contemporary discussions of the relative role of market and state are generally framed in terms of the role of the State, with market provision the default option. We will argue that even discussions of the role of the State can best be assessed through the concept of market failure. The nine broad types of market failure discussed include institutions, public goods, monopoly, asymmetric information, externalities, substantive issues, principal/agent problems, irrationality, and the implications of ‘creative destruction’.
Contradições no agir do voluntário nas organizações da sociedade civil: ensaio teórico à luz da sociologia pragmática francesa
Authors: Gonçalves Tandara Dias , Grzybovski Denize , Mozzato Anelise Rebelato , Toebe Carlisa Smoktunowicz
Published: January 2018

Resumo O voluntariado é um fenômeno social crescente no contexto atual e que se apresenta como alternativa à lógica do capitalismo na gestão das organizações da sociedade civil. Contudo é possível que haja contradições no agir do voluntário, cuja ação humana pode estar sendo mediada por fatores comportamentais subjacentes ao comportamento aparente, nem sempre considerado nobre, como, por exemplo, o egoísmo. O presente ensaio teórico tem como objetivo compreender o que está por trás da ação humana no comportamento do voluntário das organizações da sociedade civil (OSCs), razão pela qual os argumentos teóricos foram construídos pela Sociologia Pragmática, que busca encontrar razões do agir pelas mediações simbólicas, em detrimento da psicologia comportamental. Afirma-se que os voluntários são dotados de comportamento racional e justificável por três regimes pragmáticos desenvolvidos por Laurent Thévenot e pelos conceitos complementares de Frédéric Vandenberghe; ambos defendem que as ações humanas são justificáveis. Os argumentos apresentados confirmam teoricamente que os fatores comportamentais dos voluntários produzem efeitos nos resultados das OSCs, como o seu baixo grau de envolvimento, uma vez que as justificativas do agir podem estar centralizadas nos mundos “da fama” e o “mercantil”, contribuindo para gerar inquietações entre os pesquisadores sobre a possível inferência daquilo que está por trás da ação humana.
O gênero Leandra, seções Carassanae, Chaetodon, Niangae, Oxymeris e Secundiflorae (Melastomataceae) no estado do Paraná
Authors: Camargo Eduardo Antonio de , Souza Caroline M. Fogaça de , Caddah Mayara Krasinski , Goldenberg Renato
Published: January 2018

RESUMO O gênero Leandra pode ser reconhecido pelas folhas destituídas de formicários, inflorescências terminais e/ou pseudo-axilares, pétalas florais com ápice agudo/acuminado e frutos carnosos. Na última revisão do gênero, o mesmo foi dividido em sete seções, reconhecidas com base na posição e tipo da inflorescência, presença e tipo de tricomas e morfologia das sementes. Neste trabalho são apresentadas chave de identificação, descrições, ilustrações e dados sobre a distribuição geográfica das 43 espécies ocorrentes no Paraná, e pertencentes a cinco seções de Leandra: Carassanae, Chaetodon, Niangae, Oxymeris e Secundiflorae.
Sexuality of adolescents living with HIV/AIDS: sources of information defining learning
Authors: Sehnem Graciela Dutra , Pedro Eva Neri Rubim , Ressel Lúcia Beatriz , Vasquez Maria Eduarda Deitos
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: To know the sources of information of adolescents living with HIV/AIDS that define learning about sexuality. Methods: A qualitative study was performed in a Specialized Care Service of a city in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil, with 15 adolescents living with HIV/AIDS. A semi-structured interview and thematic analysis were used. Results: Adolescents have built up their knowledge about sexuality, especially through relationships with friends and older family members, or through access to media sources. Schools and health services were spaces for sharing information about biological aspects of sexuality. Conclusion: Nurses need to address adolescent sexuality beyond the biological dimension and support it through critical and dialogical health education.
Anemiaceae from Pedra do Elefante, Espírito Santo State, Brazil, with notes on a new hybrid
Authors: Pena Nelson Túlio Lage , Schwartsburd Pedro Bond , Alves-Araújo Anderson
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT As part of a floristic survey of the vascular flora of Pedra do Elefante, Espírito Santo State, Brazil, a taxonomic treatment of the Anemiaceae is here presented. Fieldwork was conducted monthly from March 2015 to July 2016. Samples were collected and dried according to the usual methodology and incorporated into the VIC and VIES herbaria. In addition to VIC and VIES, we also studied the specimens form MBML herbarium. Eight species, one variety, and a new hybrid were recorded: Anemia collina, A. ×elephantensis nothosp. nov., A. ferruginea var. ferruginea, A. hirsuta, A. luetzelburgii, A. organensis, A. patens, A. phyllitidis, A. tomentosa var. tomentosa, and A. tomentosa var. anthriscifolia. Besides the new hybrid, A. tomentosa var. tomentosa is also a new record for the state. Identification key, descriptions, comments, geographical distribution and illustrations are provided for all taxa.
Riqueza, composição e estrutura da comunidade arbustivo-regenerante em diferentes estágios sucessionais de uma Floresta Subtropical do Brasil
Authors: Felitto Guilherme , Lozano Eduardo Damasceno , Canestraro Bianca Kalinowski , Kersten Rodrigo de Andrade
Published: January 2018

RESUMO Atualmente, os remanescentes em estágio avançado de sucessão no Estado do Paraná somam menos de 1% de sua área original. Este trabalho comparou a composição e estrutura da comunidade de sub-bosque em diferentes estágios sucessionais de Floresta Ombrófila Mista. Foram selecionados dois remanescentes florestais, um em estágio médio e outro em estágio avançado de regeneração natural, onde foram amostradas 38 parcelas de 5 × 5 m. Foram mensurados indivíduos com altura superiora 2 m e perímetro a 1,30 m de altura do solo ≤ 15 cm. Na área em estágio médio foram registradas 68 espécies, representadas por espécies secundárias com exigência de luz, destacando-se Nectandra megapotamica com os maiores valores de importância. Para área em estágio avançado foram registradas 52 espécies representadas por indivíduos tardios tolerantes à sombra, com destaque para Rudgea jasminoides. Como a comparação com outros estudos é prejudicada pelos diferentes tamanhos de parcelas e/ou os critérios de inclusão, sugerimos que uma padronização é necessária para melhorar o conhecimento e apoiar a conservação da biodiversidade das florestas tropicais da região Sul do Brasil.
A contribuição de Nietzsche para a ética
Authors: Clark Maudemarie
Published: January 2018

Resumo O artigo procura mostrar que o escopo da crítica de Nietzsche à moralidade, seu autoproclamado imoralismo, não abrange a totalidade de nossa experiência ética, mas uma interpretação particular dela, que resultou de um construto histórico cujas principais etapas são objeto de uma narrativa genealógica de orientação naturalista. Defende-se de forma sucinta a tese de que a posição de Nietzsche não exclui a legitimidade de toda e qualquer categoria ética, nem recomenda a abolição de toda e qualquer regra para o governo de nossas relações interpessoais e sua internalização na forma de disposições que lhe confiram estabilidade.
Productivity and quality of melon cultivated in a protected environment under different soil managements
Authors: Lima Carlos Eduardo P , Fontenelle Mariana R , Ligoski Gabriela R , Madeira Nuno R , Oliveira Valter R , Pinheiro Jadir B , Gondim Rubens S , Lima Mirtes F
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT The need to adapt agricultural crops to climate change and to develop more sustainable cultivation systems has been a major challenge for agriculture. In this study the effects of soil conservation practices were evaluated on production aspects of melon (Cucumis melo), cultivar BRS Araguaia, cultivated in a greenhouse under soil and climatic conditions of the Brazilian Cerrado. The adopted experimental design was of randomized blocks with three treatments (soil managements) and six replicates. We evaluated the following soil management systems: no-tillage (PD), minimum tillage (CM) and conventional tillage (PC) in two cycles. Increases in commercial productivity and average number of marketable fruits were observed for PD (61.5 and 61.2 t/ha; 56,000 and 44,300 fruits/ha in the first and second cycles, respectively) and CM (59.7 and 57.5 t/ha; 55,700 and 42,400 fruits/ha in the first and second cycles, respectively). No effects of management systems on fruit quality were observed. PD and CM were effective in increasing the melon production under evaluated conditions.
Growth, production and nutrients in coriander cultivated with biofertilizer
Authors: Cardoso Marinice O , Berni Rodrigo F , Antonio Isaac C , Kano Cristiaini
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of doses of a biofertilizer, formulated with a mix of plants (BMV), on the growth, production and nutrients in coriander cultivar Verdão. The BMV was prepared with crushed parts of the species Flemingia macrophylla, Musa sp. and Azolla sp. The trial was carried out in a greenhouse, in Yellow Argissol, with medium texture (V= 36.4%). The experimental design was of randomized blocks with six replicates. Besides BMV doses (0, 5, 10, 15 and 30%, in water), an additional treatment with bovine manure biofertilizer was added (10% in water). Inorganic ingredients blended into biofertilizers as chicken manure were incorporated in soil of growing-beds. The evaluated traits responded to BMV doses linearly. A decrease in green mass (GM) of plants, from 1.43 to 0.88 kg/m2, which is the commercial product, and plant height, from 31.33 to 24.02 cm, was attributed to the astringency of Musa sp. in the biofertilizer, together with N shortage. The plant aerial part dry mass (DM) increased from 11.29 to 13.75 g/100 g due to fibrous stems under nitrogen deficiency. Nutrient contents increased (B and Zn), did not range (N, S, and Cu) or decreased (P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn) and accumulation increased (N, S, K, B, Zn and Cu), decreased (Fe) or did not change (P, Ca, Mg and Mn). The analysis of the principal components showed DM and accumulations of P, K, Ca, Mg and S in the same direction and antagonism of N with Ca and Mg, attributed to loss of N at alkaline pH, by natural phosphate (FN) in BMV. And also, DM, B, Cu and Zn accumulations increased concomitantly while accumulations of Fe and Mn did not compete. The manure biofertilizer surpassed the BMV in GM (1.38 and 1.21 kg/m2, respectively), as well as accumulations of N and K.
Doses of organic compost on yield and accumulation of macronutrients on endive
Authors: Lanna Natália BL , Silva Priscilla Nátaly L , Colombari Lidiane F , Freitas-Nakada Pâmela G , Cardoso Antonio Ismael Inácio
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT The authors evaluated the effects of doses of organic compost on the production and accumulation of macronutrients in endive plants in two areas with different fertility levels. The experiments were carried out at Fazenda Experimental São Manuel, located in the municipality of São Manuel, São Paulo State, Brazil. The study was carried out in a completely randomized design with seven treatments, six doses of organic compost (0, 35, 70, 105, 140 and 175 t/ha) and one additional treatment with inorganic fertilizer (N-P-K 4-14-8) and four replicates. In both areas, when the dose of organic compost was increased, the authors noticed a linear increase in fresh matter weight, number of leaves and plant height. In high-fertility area, compared to control (dose 0), using the highest dose (175 t/ha), the authors observed an increase of 280, 58 and 101% in fresh matter weight, number of leaves and plant height, respectively. For dry weight, we observed a linear increase in low fertility area and quadratic effect in high fertility area, with maximum estimated dry matter of 22.26 g applying 144 t/ha of organic compost. The nutrient accumulation was proportional to dry matter, with a linear increase in low fertility area and quadratic effect in high fertility area. The decreasing order of accumulated nutrients was K>N>Ca>P>S>Mg, with the highest values, in high fertility area, of 1,269, 471, 185, 91, 53 and 35 mg/plant, respectively, for doses varying from 121 to 158 t/ha.
Thermal comfort evaluation of an existing glazed airport terminal in Thailand
Authors: Pichatwatana Kittitach , Wang Fan , Roaf Sue
Published: January 2018

The indoor thermal comfort of an existing glazed and air-conditioned airport terminal in Thailand was assessed by objective and subjective assessments and analyses. The environmental variables examined included internal and external air temperatures, internal glazed roof surface temperatures, relative humidity and illuminance over the departure lounge. The objective measurements were reviewed against the subjective results of a questionnaire-based survey. It was found that the internal air temperatures remained stable within the space. Slightly high indoor air temperatures normally occurred between 1200 and 1700 h, corresponding to higher afternoon outdoor temperatures. The internal glazed roof surface temperatures were recorded as 40°C by around midday. As a result, the operative temperature within the space, exceeded the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers’ 55 standard of 26°C, which led technically to overheating and thermal discomfort. The measured results were in fair agreement with the subjective survey results. The overall comfort vote and perception found the occupants to be slightly uncomfortable and dissatisfied. However, to resolve these problems, the proposed solution for large glazed air-conditioned airport terminals in the tropics would be to provide suitable external or internal sunshades, which are the most applicable and flexible methods in all climates.
FITC Dextran assay v1
Authors: Zakariassen Hannah
Published: January 2018

FITC Dextran to evaluate gut permeability
The Effect of Freewriting on Developing Punctuation Marks in Paragraph Writings of Iranian EFL Intermediate Learners
Authors: Nouri Farzaneh , Marzban Amir
Published: January 2018

Freewriting is writing whatever one knows or thinks for a certain length of time without stopping and editing till the time finishes. It’s an easy and useful way of writing for generating ideas but it is sometimes full of errors. The current study examined a new area of freewriting which aimed to explore the effect of freewriting on development of learners’ correct use of punctuation marks in their paragraph writings. The participants were 36 female intermediate students with Persian as their first language, enrolled in a six-week intensive English writing class. To homogenize the respondents they were given a version of Oxford Quick Placement Test (OPT) in order to assess the participants’ proficiency level. As a pretest and posttest students were supposed to write about a topic which were scored according to a standard rubric. In order to test the inter-rater reliability of the scores given by the two raters, intra-class correlation coefficient was calculated. Mann Whitney test was used to compare the experimental and control group's OPT scores and Wilcoxon test was used to compare the pretest and posttest scores of each group separately and the results showed that the treatment affected the learners in experimental group significantly.
Symbolic Sounds in Ulysses
Authors: Wu Xianyou , Zheng Yi
Published: January 2018

Reading Ulysses, all kinds of sounds impinge on our ears from all sides. They may be human or nonhuman, loud or low, soft or rough, funny or ridiculous. This paper will explore the different symbolic or metaphorical implications of two distinctive sounds: the church bells and the jingling sound. It seems that few Joycean scholars have attended to Joyce’s manipulating of sounds and their unique stylistic and aesthetic effects, and this paper from a perspective of cognitive phonetics and cognitive psychology, finds that the church bells are the overtone of death, and the jingling sound as well as the tapping sound reveals one major theme of the novel: sexuality.
Strategies to Promote Sri Lankan Students’ Cross-cultural Adaptation in Chongqing Normal University—Based on Chamot’s Learning Strategies
Authors: Zhang Xuelian , Huang Li , Leng Chaoyue
Published: January 2018

With the development of “One Belt And One Road” strategy, foreign students’ cross-cultural adaptation in China becomes a hot topic. By questionnaire and individual interview, the research aims to explore the situation of Sri Lankan students’ cross-cultural adaptation in Chinese cultural context and finds the 4 main factors which influence their cross-cultural adaptation: Individual factors, language barriers, individuals' interaction with local cultural context and different social behavior. Then, based on O’ Malley and Chamot’s learning strategies, the research gives relevant advice to improve Sri Lankan students’ cross-cultural adaptability.
The Impact of Individualized Homework Assignment on Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners’ Motivation
Authors: Mojdehi Hamed Abbasi , Bazargani Davood Taghipour
Published: January 2018

This study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of applying individualized homework assignments on Iranian intermediate level EFL learners’ motivation. To achieve this objective, 60 learners in the 16-21 age range who were studying at two private language institutes in Rasht, Iran, were selected from 122 participants based on their performance on QPT. The participants were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. A pretest piloted before with an accepted reliability index was administered to both groups. Next, the experimental group received the treatment for 20 sessions (doing homework materials specifically designed based on each learner’s interests and preferred learning style). Meanwhile, the control group received a placebo which was the use of exercises in the workbook of the coursebook American English File 3 (Second Edition) as homework assignments. The posttest of motivation was then administered to both groups. The results showed significantly higher scores on motivation test for experimental group at the end of the course. Based on the findings of this study, language teachers can utilize individualized homework assignments to motivate their learners for doing their homework more willingly.
Herbaceous Vascular Flora Of Forested Seep Wetlands In Winneshiek County, Iowa, USA
Authors: Lynch Elizabeth A. , Weckwerth Anna Burke
Published: January 2018

Forested seep wetlands dominated by skunk cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus) occur frequently in the Canoe Creek watershed of the Upper Iowa River, but this type of wetland has not been described systematically in the upper Midwest. The goal of this study is to document the herbaceous plant flora of five seeps. Although individual seeps are small (200-500 m2), they provide habitat for a high number of plant species. Five seeps with total area less than 0.2 ha supported more than 120 native vascular herbaceous taxa, 20 of which have a coefficient of conservatism (C-value) of 7 or higher and 23 that are obligate wetland species. Several species that were common in these habitats 100 years ago appear to have been locally extirpated or have become uncommon in the region, including Gentianopsis crinita, Cirsium muticum, Eupatorium altissimum, Chelone glabra, and Micranthes pensylvanica. Today, these plant communities are threatened by invasive plant species, high levels of deer herbivory, and destruction by human activities. We hope that by documenting their current species composition we can inspire protection of these wetlands and provide a baseline for monitoring future changes.
LOOKED AFTER CHILDREN’S PERSPECTIVES ON BOOKS BEING DELIVERED TO THE HOME DURING THE LETTERBOX CLUB SCOTLAND PROJECT
Authors: Hancock Andy , Hancock Juliet
Published: January 2018

The low educational achievement of looked after children — children in the care of a local authority — is well documented in the United Kingdom and internationally. However, official statistics do not reveal the nuances of individual children’s lived experiences nor children’s agency. This article gives weight to children’s perspectives, and reports on the views of looked after children aged 7 to 10 in Scotland during the Letterbox Club project. It specifically investigates children’s perspectives of reading practices in the home and their responses to books delivered to them over a 6-month period. Data were gathered from 3 distinct but interrelated phases of the research: (a) literacy profiles completed by the children in collaboration with their carer(s), (b) children’s comments on evaluation sheets contained in each of the six parcels, and (c) individual conversations with children at the end of the project. The findings reveal the heterogeneous nature of looked after children with multifarious reading proficiencies and reading habits and routines. The children made choices about where and when they read and with whom, expressing opinions about books and authors and using the contents of the parcels to take action and gain greater ownership of their own learning. Finally, the contested nature of children’s agency is discussed, as well as the implications for future research involving looked after children.
THE USE OF ADMINISTRATIVE DATA TO STUDY THE TRIPLE P – POSITIVE PARENTING PROGRAM
Authors: Arim Rubab G. , Guevremont Anne , Dahinten V. Susan , Kohen Dafna E.
Published: January 2018

This study is among the first Canadian population-based evaluations designed to examine associations of the Triple P – Positive Parenting Program (Triple P) for mother and child outcomes at the community level. Uniquely, this study was conducted independently of program implementation, using data collected for other purposes. Three anonymized British Columbia provincial administrative data sources were used, in addition to program data collected by administrators (Island Health). The study employed a quasi-experimental design to examine benefits of Triple P at the community level, and used sociodemographic community characteristics to match 11 target communities where Triple P was implemented with comparison communities where Triple P was not implemented. The study’s design and analyses took into account the phased-in implementation of Triple P across Vancouver Island (2004–2008), drawing on pre- and post-implementation data for all of the studied communities. Hierarchical linear modeling results showed that children living in communities where the program had been administered were more likely to have been diagnosed with conduct disorders and to have used counseling services. Program intensity was not associated with any of the child health outcomes. For mothers, higher program intensity was associated with lower odds of being diagnosed with mental health conditions. Future research should continue to demonstrate the feasibility of a population-based approach and the use of secondary data along with program data to examine community-based intervention programs.
O sistema terrestre (land system) como plataforma de integração e interpretação das complexas relações ambiente-sociedade
Authors: Branco Evandro Albiach , Roquetti Daniel Rondinelli , Moretto Evandro Mateus
Published: January 2018

O chamado sistema terrestre – ou Land System, como a componente terrestre do Sistema Terra – ou Earth System, constitui um sistema eminentemente acoplado entre ambientes e sociedades. Por operar na complexa interface entre os campos sociais e naturais, a ciência do sistema terrestre emerge como uma plataforma de integração das diferentes dimensões relacionadas às mudanças ambientais. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo tem por objetivo a reflexão sobre as relações entre o tema, a interdisciplinaridade e a complexidade. O trabalho identifica esse viés integrador a partir de três características: a) o potencial para representação da pluralidade e multidimensionalidade de diversos sistemas de conhecimento, em diferentes estágios de estabilização; b) ser dotado do papel de mediador de processos socioecológicos, atuando simultaneamente como sua causa e consequência; e c) em decorrência dos itens anteriores, ser enquadrado como um sistema eminentemente complexo e, dessa forma, sujeito a seu conjunto de características, propriedades e comportamentos.
MEMAKNAI JIHAD DALAM AL-QUR'AN DAN TINJAUAN HISTORIS PENGGUNAAN ISTILAH JIHAD DALAM ISLAM
Authors: Fattah Abdul
Published: January 2018

A narrow understanding by some Muslims about jihad will bring a radical group that led to the appearance of movements that harm Muslims. To find out how the jihad in the Qur'an and how to phase in the use of the word jihad, it would require a comprehensive understanding by identifying the verses of the Qur'an and understanding of the historical decline in these verses. This article examines the identification of passages which there is a derivation the word jihad and then sorted according to time of down (Makkiyyah and Madaniyyah). The article concludes that the word jihad and derivation in the Qur'an is mentioned 41 times and separated at 19 surah. Not all of the word jihad and it derivation means war, but historically it is known that jihad also has other meanings and reduced in accordance with the conditions of the situation at that time.

 

Keywords: jihad, al-Qur'an, historical
Strategi Menciptakan Iklim Kondusif di SD/MI (Sebuah Kajian Pedagogis Dan Psikologis)
Authors: Mustafida Fita
Published: January 2018

Student learning is closely related to the environment or atmosphere in which the process was ongoing. The joyful atmosphere brings excitement in learning. In contrast, tense, drab and less attractive atmosphere influences the student interest and enthusiasm. Teachers as the most responsible one for the classroom learning management are obliged to create a learning atmosphere that is convenient and fun for the children because the comfortable and enjoyable (conducive) classroom climate can enable them to transform interpersonal relationships so as to become a learning community that is productive and mutual respect, so enabling an effective learning interaction in nurturing the development of children or learners. Starting from this, the better classroom climate that is built, the better conditions of learning because only the conducive learning classroom atmosphere that is quiet, comfortable, fun, and full of significance can be realized.