bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reputation Transferability in Online Labor Markets
Authors: Kokkodis Marios , Ipeirotis Panagiotis G.
Published: July 2015

Online workplaces such as oDesk, Amazon Mechanical Turk, and TaskRabbit have been growing in importance over the last few years. In such markets, employers post tasks on which remote contractors work and deliver the product of their work online. As in most online marketplaces, reputation mechanisms play a very important role in facilitating transactions, since they instill trust and are often predictive of the employer’s future satisfaction. However, labor markets are usually highly heterogeneous in terms of available task categories; in such scenarios, past performance may not be an accurate signal of future performance. To account for this natural heterogeneity, in this work, we build models that predict the performance of a worker based on prior, category-specific feedback. Our models assume that each worker has a category-specific quality, which is latent and not directly observable; what is observable, though, is the set of feedback ratings of the worker and of other contractors with similar work histories. Based on this information, we provide a series of models of increasing complexity that successfully estimate the worker’s quality. We start by building a binomial model and a multinomial model under the implicit assumption that the latent qualities of the workers are static. Next, we remove this assumption, and we build linear dynamic systems that capture the evolution of these latent qualities over time. We evaluate our models on a large corpus of over a million transactions (completed tasks) from oDesk, an online labor market with hundreds of millions of dollars in transaction volume. Our results show an improved accuracy of up to 25% compared to feedback baselines and significant improvement over the commonly used collaborative filtering approach. Our study clearly illustrates that reputation systems should present different reputation scores, depending on the context in which the worker has been previously evaluated and the job for which the worker is applying.

This paper was accepted by Lorin Hitt, information systems.
The Association of Intelligence, Visual-Motor Functioning, and Personality Characteristics With Adaptive Behavior in Individuals With Williams Syndrome
Authors: Fu Trista J. , Lincoln Alan J. , Bellugi Ursula , Searcy Yvonne M.
Published: July 2015

Williams syndrome (WS) is associated with deficits in adaptive behavior and an uneven adaptive profile. This study investigated the association of intelligence, visual-motor functioning, and personality characteristics with the adaptive behavior in individuals with WS. One hundred individuals with WS and 25 individuals with developmental disabilities of other etiologies were included in this study. This study found that IQ and visual-motor functioning significantly predicted adaptive behavior in individuals of WS. Visual-motor functioning especially predicted the most amount of unique variance in overall adaptive behavior and contributed to the variance above and beyond that of IQ. Present study highlights the need for interventions that address visual-motor and motor functioning in individuals with WS.
Constructive rituals of demediatization: Spiritual, corporeal and mixed metaphors in popular discourse about unplugging
Authors: Rauch Jennifer
Published: July 2015

The increasing mediatization of everyday life has raised many concerns about the cultural consequences of digital technology and possibilities for individual self-determination. This article examines innovative practices of unplugging that people have constructed to challenge media logic and contest dominant cultural values – by creating create times and spaces of demediatization. The media ecology perspective, especially the work of James Carey, helps to shed light upon new rituals such as digital Sabbaths, fasts, diets and detox that advocate reducing or avoiding media use. An analysis of the spiritual and corporeal metaphors in popular discourse about unplugging reveals many symbolic and instrumental meanings that motivate resistant media users, a group oft-neglected by researchers. This article considers the collective obstacles to such individual practices and demonstrates that through constructive rituals, unpluggers not only critique mainstream culture but also enact an alternative vision of life.
The entelechies of media: Formal and material causality in media ecology
Authors: Sutherland Thomas
Published: July 2015

Examining Marshall McLuhan’s idiosyncratic adoption of the Aristotelian concept of formal cause, this article contends that McLuhan’s emphasis upon form, and his refusal to engage with the question of materiality, traps his theory within a hylomorphic schema that considers mediation only in terms of its effects upon an audience, thus failing to take into account the configurational attributes of hardware itself. Comparing McLuhan’s media theory to that of Friedrich Kittler, it is argued that the latter offers a valuable rejoinder to such formalism, allowing us to properly consider both the formal and material qualities of media in the digital age.
Nollywood video film’s impact on Nigerian and other African environments and cultures
Authors: Onuzulike Uchenna
Published: July 2015

This article examines how Nollywood video films impact Nigerian and other African cultures and environments by connecting an oral culture such as Nigeria quickly through the literate phase to membership in the global village. It also contributes to McLuhan’s hot–cool model by applying it to Nollywood video films, which is complex because the term ‘video film’ connotes a combination of cool (i.e., television) and hot (i.e., cinema) media. Applying the hot–cool model to Nollywood productions suggests that quick and cheap productions are likely to distort African environments and cultures negatively, unlike the well-planned and larger budget productions that are likely to be made on celluloid. Finally, this article explicates two Nollywood video films in order to ascertain how the Nigerian and other African environments and cultures are impacted in light of the complexity of hot and cool media. The article concludes that quick productions are better viewed and decoded via a cool medium, while well-planned productions are better viewed and decoded via either a hot or a cool medium.
Repositioning the innovation rationale for public service media
Authors: Cunningham Stuart
Published: July 2015

The values that gave rise to the ethos of public service broadcasting (PSB) almost a century ago, and which have provided the rationale for PSBs around the world across that time, are under question. This article argues that the process of reinvention of PSBs is enhanced through repositioning the innovation rationale for public service media (PSM). It is organized around a differentiation which is part of the standard repertoire of innovation studies – that between product, process and organizational innovation – as they are being practised by the two Australian PSBs, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) and the Special Broadcasting Service (SBS). The article then considers the general problematics of innovation for PSBs through an analysis of the operations of the public value test in the context of European PSM, and its, to this stage, non-application in Australia. The innovation rationale is argued to be a distinctive via media between complementary and comprehensive roles for PSM, which in turn suggests an international, policy-relevant research agenda focusing on international circumstances in which the public broadcaster is not market dominant.
Por entre brasas e fumaças: encontros e desencontros entre práticas sociais e racionalidades operantes de sujeitos envolvidos em contextos de incêndios florestais
Authors: Valencio Norma , Scopinho Rosemeire , Lourenço Luciano
Published: July 2015

Em Portugal, alguns desastres/catástrofes de grande repercussão estão associados a incêndios florestais que afligem especialmente os idosos residentes nas aldeias do interior do país. Parte-se desse contexto para problematizar as práticas e a racionalidade adotadas pelos meios operacionais em emergências ao lidarem com situações de crise e descreve-se o histórico de eventos de grandes incêndios florestais no alto distrito de Coimbra, nas últimas décadas. Desde aí, através da memória social de idosos residentes em oito diferentes aldeias do referido distrito, analisam‑se os seus encontros e desencontros com os meios operacionais, quando da ocorrência de incêndios florestais. Finaliza-se apontando o sofrimento social de idosos nessas circunstâncias, bem como o repertório das práticas desencadeadas pelo grupo visando a sua autoproteção, que é complexo e, no geral, se distancia da visão e da ação técnica empregadas nessas situações.
Extracorporeal Elimination of Circulating Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin (PLD) to Enhance the Benefit of Cytostatic Therapy in Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer Patients
Authors: Kubeček Ondřej , Bláha Milan , Diaz-Garcia Daniel , Filip Stanislav
Published: July 2015

Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common malignancy in the world’s female population and with the highest lethality index among gynecological tumors. The prognosis of metastatic disease is usually poor, especially in platinum-resistant cases. There are several options for the treatment of metastatic disease resistant to platinum derivates (e.g. paclitaxel, topotecan and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin), all of which are considered equipotent. Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) is a liposomal form of the anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin. It is characterized by more convenient pharmacokinetics and a different toxicity profile. Cardiotoxicity, the major adverse effect of conventional doxorubicin, is reduced in PLD as well as hematotoxicity, alopecia, nausea and vomiting. Skin toxicity and mucositis, however, emerge as serious issues since they represent dose and schedule-limiting toxicities. The pharmacokinetics of PLD (prolonged biological half-life and preferential distribution into tumor tissue) provide new possibilities to address these toxicity issues. The extracorporeal elimination of circulating liposomes after PLD saturation in the tumor tissue represents a novel and potent strategy to diminish drug toxicity. This article intends to review PLD characteristics and the importance of extracorporeal elimination to enhance treatment tolerance and benefits.
Egg Allergy in Adolescent and Adult Patient Suffering from Atopic Dermatitis – Association with Concomitant Allergic Diseases
Authors: Čelakovská Jarmila , Ettlerová Květuše , Ettler Karel , Bukač Josef
Published: July 2015

Background: A few reports demonstrate the occurrence of egg allergy in adolescent and adult patients suffering from atopic dermatitis and the association of this allergy to other food and aeroallergens. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the occurrence of egg allergy in patients suffering from atopic dermatitis at the age 14 years and older and to evaluate the relationship between egg allergy or egg sensitisation and the sensitisation to dust, mites, feather, and animal dander. Materials and Methods: Complete dermatological and allergological examination was performed. These parameters were examined: food allergy and food sensitisation to egg white and yolk, to mites, animal dander (mixture), feather and dust. The statistical evaluation of the relations among egg allergy, egg sensitisation and sensitisation to mites, animal dander (mixture), feather and dust was performed. Two hundred and eighty eight patients were included in the study (90 men, 198 women, with the average age 25.2). Results and Conclusion: Egg allergy was recorded in 5% and egg sensitisation in 20% of patients; sensitisation to dust is recorded more often in patients with positive results in sIgE for egg white and/or yolk.
Normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism: a survey in a small village of Southern Italy
Authors: Vignali E , Cetani F , Chiavistelli S , Meola A , Saponaro F , Centoni R , Cianferotti L , Marcocci C
Published: July 2015

We investigated the prevalence of normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism (NPHPT) in the adult population living in a village in Southern Italy. All residents in 2010 (n=2045) were invited by calls and 1046 individuals accepted to participate. Medical history, calcium intake, calcium, albumin, creatinine, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 25OHD were evaluated. NPHPT was defined by normal albumin-adjusted serum calcium, elevated plasma PTH, and exclusion of common causes of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) (serum 25OHD <30 ng/ml, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and thiazide diuretics use), overt gastrointestinal and metabolic bone diseases. Complete data were available for 685 of 1046 subjects. Twenty subjects did not meet the inclusion criteria and 341 could not be evaluated because of thawing of plasma samples. Classical PHPT was diagnosed in four women (0.58%). For diagnosing NPHPT the upper normal limit of PTH was established in the sample of the population (n=100) who had 25OHD ≥30 ng/ml and eGFR ≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and was set at the mean+3s.d. Three males (0.44%) met the diagnostic criteria of NPHPT. These subjects were younger and with lower BMI than those with classical PHPT. Our data suggest, in line with previous studies, that NPHPT might be a distinct clinical entity, being either an early phenotype of asymptomatic PHPT or a distinct variant of it. However, we cannot exclude that NPHPT might also represent an early phase of non-classical SHPT, since other variables, in addition to those currently taken into account for the diagnosis of NPHPT, might cumulate in a normocalcemic subject to increase PTH secretion.
Estradiol increases IP3 by a nongenomic mechanism in the smooth muscle cells from the rat oviduct
Authors: Reuquén Patricia , Oróstica María L , Rojas Israel , Díaz Patricia , Parada-Bustamante Alexis , Orihuela Pedro A
Published: July 2015

Estradiol (E2) accelerates egg transport by a nongenomic action, requiring activation of estrogen receptor (ER) and successive cAMP and IP3production in the rat oviduct. Furthermore, E2increases IP3production in primary cultures of oviductal smooth muscle cells. As smooth muscle cells are the mechanical effectors for the accelerated oocyte transport induced by E2in the oviduct, herein we determined the mechanism by which E2increases IP3in these cells. Inhibition of protein synthesis by Actinomycin D did not affect the E2-induced IP3increase, although this was blocked by the ER antagonist ICI182780 and the inhibitor of phospholipase C (PLC) ET-18-OCH3. Immunoelectron microscopy for ESR1 or ESR2 showed that these receptors were associated with the plasma membrane, indicating compatible localization with E2nongenomic actions in the smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, ESR1 but not ESR2 agonist mimicked the effect of E2on the IP3level. Finally, E2stimulated the activity of a protein associated with the contractile tone, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), in the smooth muscle cells. We conclude that E2increases IP3by a nongenomic action operated by ESR1 and that involves the activation of PLC in the smooth muscle cells of the rat oviduct. This E2effect is associated with CaMKII activation in the smooth muscle cells, suggesting that IP3and CaMKII are involved in the contractile activity necessary to accelerate oviductal egg transport.
FEMENINA DE 52 AÑOS CON TUMOR NEUROENDOCRINO DE ILEON
Authors: Zuwolinsky Elguera Raisa , Barrantes León Carlos
Published: July 2015

Se presenta caso de paciente femenina de 52 años vecina de Cartago quien es referida al hospital Max Peralta Jiménez por dolor abdominal y asociada a masa retroperitoneal, colelitiasis múltiple y hepatomegalia, demostradas por ultrasonido. La paciente se presenta a la consulta del servicio de cirugía general con ictericia obstructiva, se le realiza tomografía axial computarizada demostrando masa de 3 x 4 centímetros en mesogástrio. Se realiza en primera instancia colangiopancreatografia retrograda endoscópica (CPRE) sin hallazgos patológicos y posteriormente es llevada a sala de operaciones en donde se realiza hemicolectomia derecha con resección de íleon terminal con ileotransverso anastomosis y colecistectomia. Los estudios patológicos posteriores demuestran la presencia de tumor neuroendocrino de íleon con invasiónde mesenterio y nódulos linfáticos regionales
Automated Reel-to-Reel Fluidic Self-Assembly for the Production of Solid State Lighting Modules
Authors: Park Se-Chul , Fang Jun , Biswas Shantonu , Mozafari Mahsa , Stauden Thomas , Jacobs Heiko O.
Published: July 2015

We report the implementation of an automated reel-to-reel fluidic self-assembly system based on surface-tension driven self-assembly for macroelectronics application. The reported system incorporates precisely controlled and automated agitation, web moving, component recycling, and dispensing system. The system enables continuous parallel assembly of semiconductor chips at a high rate (15,000 chips per hour using 2.5 cm wide web) and assembly yield (>99%) under optimal condition. In principle, scaling to any throughput should be possible considering the parallel nature of self-assembly. The process overcomes the limitations on area and throughput of prior methods. It provides a new platform for macroelectronics to enable the integration of microscopic high performance inorganic semiconductors on flexible substrates with any desired location, pitch, and integration density. As an example we demonstrate the fabrication of a solid state area lighting module.
Influence of Oxygen Content on the Electronic Properties of the PrAlO3/SrTiO3 Interface
Authors: Mozaffari Shirin , Monti Mark C. , Guchhait Samaresh , Paster Jeremy W. , Tennant Daniel M. , Markert John T.
Published: July 2015

We have investigated the effect of oxygen pressure during growth (PO2) on the electronic and magnetic properties of PrAlO3 films grown on TiO2-terminated SrTiO3 substrates. The films are smooth, with flat terraces. Resistivity measurements show an increase in the sheet resistance as PO2 is increased from 10–3 to 10–4 torr, with an usual peak as a function of temperature for the sample grown in higher oxygen pressure. We measured a moderate positive magnetoresistance (MR) at low magnetic fields that evolves into a larger negative MR at high fields, for both PO2 samples. Hall effect data exhibit a complex temperature dependence that suggests a compensated carrier density. We observe behavior consistent with two different types of carriers at each of the two different interfaces.
Investigating second language learners’ usage of Mandarin numeral classifiers: A case-based study
Authors: Rosmawati
Published: July 2015

This article reports on the profiles of Mandarin Chinese Numeral Classifier usage by two learners of Chinese as a second language (CSL). The data were collected from the essays they wrote in one academic semester during which they were preparing for a Chinese proficiency test. The findings suggested that the two CSL learners used the general classifier? ge to a relatively higher proportion than the native speakers did. Apart from the general classifier? ge, the two CSL learners also used a variety of specific classifiers. The learner with higher proficiency used more types of classifiers than the learner with lower proficiency although the learner with lower proficiency used more tokens than the learner with higher proficiency. Interestingly, the accuracy rate in the usage of specific classifiers in both learners’ essays was quite high.
CAPITAL INTELECTUAL Y GESTIÓN DEL CONOCIMIENTO EN LAS CONTRALORÍAS TERRITORIALES DEL DEPARTAMENTO DEL ATLÁNTICO
Authors: Archibold Wendell , Escobar Adalberto
Published: July 2015

El objetivo del presente artículo se ubica en el diagnóstico del estado actual del capital intelectual como dimensión de la gestión del conocimiento en las contralorías territoriales del departamento del Atlántico. Para lograr esta finalidad, se ejecutó una investigación de carácter cuantitativo, utilizando como método de estudio el descriptivo; la investigación fue dirigida a los funcionarios de las contralorías territoriales del departamento del Atlántico, los cuales fueron abordados a través de una encuesta tipo Likert. Los resultados resaltan la existencia de estrategias proclives a la generación de conocimientos relevantes y útiles a partir de los activos intangibles en su dimensión humana, relacional y estructural. Se concluye que las instituciones dedicadas el control fiscal en el departamento antes mencionado, poseen capacidades de identificación, producción y transmisión de conocimiento capaz de generar ventajas competitivas y valor agregado a través de la presencia de prácticas relacionadas con el capital humano, el capital relacional y el capital estructural.
Chemoimmunotherapy for Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue-Type Lymphoma: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Kiesewetter Barbara , Ferreri Andrés J.M. , Raderer Markus
Published: July 2015

Background.

Biological treatments, chemoimmunotherapy, and radiotherapy are associated with excellent disease control in both gastric and extragastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas. Systemic treatment approaches with both oral and i.v. agents are being increasingly studied, not only for patients with disseminated MALT lymphoma, but also for those with localized disease. To date, however, recommendations for the use of available systemic modalities have not been clearly defined.

Materials and Methods.

The present report reviews the current data on systemic treatment options for patients with MALT lymphoma and provides recommendations for their use in everyday practice.

Results.

Different chemotherapeutic agents, including anthracyclines, alkylators, and purine analogs, have been successfully tested in patients with MALT lymphoma. Reducing side effects while maintaining efficacy should be the main goal in treating these indolent lymphomas. From the data from the largest trial performed to date, the combination of chlorambucil plus rituximab (R) appears to be active as first-line treatment. Similarly, R-bendamustine also seems to be highly effective, but a longer follow-up period is needed. R-monotherapy results in lower remission rates, but seems a suitable option for less fit patients. New immunotherapeutic agents such as lenalidomide (with or without rituximab) or clarithromycin show solid activity but have not yet been validated in larger collectives.

Conclusion.

Patients with MALT lymphoma should be treated within prospective trials to further define optimal therapeutic strategies. Systemic treatment is a reasonable option with potentially curative intent in everyday practice. Based on the efficacy and safety data from available studies, the present review provides recommendations for the use of systemic strategies.

Implications for Practice:

In view of the biology of MALT lymphoma with trafficking of cells within various mucosal structures, systemic treatment strategies are increasingly being used not only in advanced but also localized MALT lymphoma. In the past, different chemotherapeutic agents, including anthracyclines, alkylators, and purine analogs, have been tested successfully. However, modern regimens concentrate on reducing side effects because of the indolent nature of this distinct disease. As outlined in this review and based on recent data, chlorambucil plus rituximab (R) may be considered one standard treatment within this setting. In addition, R-bendamustine seems to be a very promising combination. According to recent trends, however, “chemo-free” approaches (i.e., antibiotics with immunomodulatory effects [clarithromycin]) or other immunotherapies (lenalidomide ±R) may be important therapeutic approaches in the near future.
Measuring effects of X-section pile installation in soft clay
Authors: Kong Gang-Qiang , Zhou Hang , Ding Xuan-Ming , Cao Zhao-Hu
Published: July 2015

Cast-in-place concrete piles with an X-shaped cross-section (referred to as XCC piles) have been widely used in China for pile foundations and pile-supported embankments over soft ground. The lack of field measurements and methods of calculation for the effect of the pile cross-sectional shape on pile installation in clay led to the launch of an experimental programme in Nanjing, China. As part of the programme, in the present study the behaviour of the displacements and stresses measured in the vicinity of an XCC pile during its installation in soft ground was studied. A modified cavity expansion method suitable for use with an XCC pile was developed. The field measurements were compared with those calculated using the proposed method and the conventional cavity expansion method. The predicted maximum radial displacement, pore pressures and radial stresses were found to be in reasonable agreement with the field measurements. It was also shown that the effect of the installation of an XCC pile is similar to that of a circular pile, and the radius of XCC pile can be replaced by the radius of an (equivalent) circular pile that gives the same cross-sectional area.
High-Dimensional Copula-Based Distributions with Mixed Frequency Data
Authors: Oh Dong Hwan , Patton Andrew J.
Published: July 2015

This paper proposes a new model for high-dimensional distributions of asset returns that utilizes mixed frequency data and copulas. The dependence between returns is decomposed into linear and nonlinear components, enabling the use of high frequency data to accurately forecast linear dependence, and a new class of copulas designed to capture nonlinear dependence among the resulting uncorrelated, low frequency, residuals. Estimation of the new class of copulas is conducted using composite likelihood, facilitating applications involving hundreds of variables. In- and out of-sample tests con.rm the superiority of the proposed models applied to daily returns on constituents of the S&P 100 index.
Communicating with the New Generations. The Challenge for Pediatric Dentists
Authors: Saadia Marc , Valencia Roberto
Published: July 2015

Most of the children and parents are virtuous and will give us plenty of reasons to enjoy what we do. Unfortunately, we all know that something is somehow wrong with these new generations. Parents and children sometimes place Pediatric dentists in a dilemma. The social structure changes every few years causing a burden on how to deal with these families. For this reason, dentists might decide to sedate or go to the operating room when these children might be potentially good dental patients. Deciding this course of action, does not allow us to bond with them. Bonding with children must be worked and nurtured. This is part of what pediatric dentists are trained for. This manuscript will illustrate the major changes seen with the new generations of parents and children and how it affects us the way we work in our offices. We will show the importance of bonding with parents and children, moving beyond the biological aspects and venturing into the psycho-socio and cultural issues. Knowing our children and adolescents will allow us to detect potential physical or emotional hazardous behavior.
Subcutaneous Midazolam with and without Ketamine for Sedation In Children Undergoing Dental Treatment: A Pilot Study
Authors: Flores-Castillo D , Martínez-Rider R , Ruiz-Rodríguez S , Garrocho-Rangel A , Lara-Guevara J , Pozos-Guillén A
Published: July 2015

Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of subcutaneous (SC) sedation using midazolam with and without ketamine in non-cooperative pediatric patients undergoing dental treatment. Study Design: A prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind, crossover pilot clinical trial was carried out in 13 children, aged between 17–46 months, ASA l, Frankl 1. Two sedation schemes were administered SC: Midazolam alone (M), and a combination of Midazolam-Ketamine (MK). Both regimens were administered to the same patient in two consecutive treatment sessions, in accordance with a random assignment. Overall behavior, movement, and crying were assessed according to the modified Houpt scale. Heart rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation, and possible side effects were also monitored. Results: The percentage of non-crying children was always higher in the treatment with MK compared with the treatment with M, but without a significant statistical difference. Regarding variable body movement, the percentage of children without movement was higher in the MK group, although only up to minute 10; no significant differences were found at 20, 30, and 40 minutes, and from minute 40, body movement was lower in the M group. Conclusions: Midazolam alone and the midazolam-ketamine combination administered subcutaneously resulted in a safe and efficient pharmacological method for providing moderate sedation to non-cooperative pediatric patients undergoing dental treatment.
How Do Patients and Parents Decide for Orthodontic Treatment–Effects of Malocclusion, Personal Expectations, Education and Media
Authors: Tuncer C , Canigur Bavbek N , Balos Tuncer B , Ayhan Bani A , Çelik B
Published: July 2015

Objectives: To examine patients’ and parents’ perceptions and expectations from orthodontic treatment. Study Design: 491 patients (274 female, 217 male) aged 14–22 years, and 399 parents (245 female, 154 male) completed a questionnaire about preferences, needs and expectations about orthodontic treatment, and scored the present problem. Continuous variables were compared by Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests, whereas Chi-square test was used for categorical variables. Results: Patients’(77.1%) and parents’(84.6%), decision about orthodontic treatments were influenced by suggestion of dentists. Patients who decided to attend to clinic by themselves were higher than parents (p=0.006). Dental aesthetics was the determinant factor for treatment demand for patients(61.0%) and parents(57.3%). Improvement in oral functions was more important for Class III patients than Class I patients (p=0.040). Adult patients/parents with higher education gave more importance to oral functions as well as dental aesthetics (p=0.031). There was no difference among Angle classifications regarding orthodontic problem scores. Parents found media sources valuable (p=0.018) but majority expected dentists for information about orthodontic treatments. Education degree of adult patients/parents effected this decision(p=0.002). Conclusions: Desire to have better dental aesthetics was the primary motivating factor for all participants. Clinicians should consider concerns of Class III patients about oral functions during treatment planning.
Charles Dickens, Great Expectations: remorse, confession, absolution and penitence
Authors: Alves Júnia De Castro Magalhães
Published: July 2015

It is very difficult to point out where, exactly, the complexity and greatness of a book lies. The portrayal of the characters, their psychological growth and reaction, the painting of the setting, the movement of the plot, the atmosphere, the tone and the thematic develQpment are all important items, and each of them, separately, contributes to the concretization of the whole.
To clumsy Life at her stupid work: Henry James
Authors: Burns Thomas Laborie
Published: July 2015

To narrow down so vast a theme as 'realism and reality' it might be best to begin with painting, to us humans so dependent on vision the most visual and therefore the most representative of arts, at least in the period before the advent of photography. The problem of realism and reality is nothing less than the relationship between the creator and the created, the artist and his subject, mind and matter.
Divergência interna e externa na classificação de erros em inglês como língua estrangeira
Authors: Rocha Fernando José Rodrigues da
Published: July 2015

O presente trabalho constitui-se numa apresentação parcial de um tema desenvolvido no V Congresso da Associação Internacional de Linguística Aplicada. Seu objetivo é o de, através da detecção das áreas de divergência na classificação de erros em Inglês como língua estrangeira, contribuir para uma metodologia da Análise de Erros onde a interferência da subjetividade dos pesquisadores não venha por em jogo a fidedignidade dos resultados obtidos.
Lore......
Authors: Dawson Chester Sheppard
Published: July 2015

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Six poems
Authors: Silva Rosa Maria Neves da
Published: July 2015

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O emprego do perfeito composto em inglês e português: estudo comparativo
Authors: Mello Maria da Conceição Magalhães Vaz de
Published: July 2015

A idéia de se fazer um estudo comparativo do uso do perfeito composto em inglês e português surgiu do fato de termos verificado que existe grande dificuldade, por parte de alunos brasileiros, em aprender a empregar corretamente em inglês esse tempo verbal. Para a descrição do inglês utilizamos a obra de G. Leech, intitulada Meaning and the English Verb que, na nossa opinião, apresenta um estudo bastante completo do assunto. Com relação ao português, fizemos uma pesquisa em um número bastante grande de gramáticas e verificamos que são poucos os autores que estudam o assunto.
Symbolism in O'Neill's Desire under the Elms
Authors: Gallo Elisa Cristina De Proença Rodrigues
Published: July 2015

Symbolism may be defined as the representation of a reality on one level of reference by a corresponding reality on another.
A ironia em Morte em Veneza de Thomas Mann
Authors: Otte Georg
Published: July 2015

Partindo do pressuposto de que o nosso conhecimento da realidade sempre é provisório, ou seja, que há uma eterna ruptura entre os nossos conceitos e a "coisa em si", a ironia entra como instância mediadora para superar essa ruptura. Thomas Mann, o "alemão irônico" (E. Heller), recorre à ironia não somente através de seus protagonistas, mas principalmente através de sua linguagem, que exige "desconfiança" por parte do leitor. Given that our knowledge of real is always provisional, that is, since there is an inevitable gap between our concepts and "Dinge an sich", irony is used to bridge this gap. Thomas Mann, the "Ironic German" (E. Heller) uses irony not only through his characters, but also through his style, provoking the readers "mistrust".
The written text in a context of orality an approach to the African novel
Authors: Gonçalves Gláucia Renate
Published: July 2015

The purpose of this study is to show how the context of orality deeply influences the structure of the African novel, contributing to its identity. The first part of the paper serves as a support for the second one, in which it emphasizes that the African novel clearly portrays its cultural and political context. The second part, then, analyzes how characteristics of orality are manifested in the written text. O propósito deste estudo é mostrar como o contexto da oralidade influencia profundamente a estrutura do romance africano, contribuindo para a identidade deste. A primeira parte deste trabalho serve como apoio para a segunda, uma vez enfatizando que o romance africano retrata claramente seu contexto político e cultural. A segunda parte, pois, analisa como características da oralidade são manifestadas no texto escrito.
Dynamic equivalence versus formal correspondence in the translation of songs
Authors: Lage Maria Helena Lott
Published: July 2015

The aim of this work is to make an analysis of the translation of Djavan's song Esquinas into English. It endeavours to show how the theoretical demands made on translations prove problematic when put into  practice, mainly when concerning the translation of songs. É objetivo do presente artigo mostrar, através de uma análise para o inglês da canção Esquinas de Djavan, como as exigências teóricas que se fazem às traduções se revelam, na prática, problemáticas, principalmente no que se refere à tradução de canções.
The deeper role of gender conflict in Willa Cather's The professor's house
Authors: Tanner Stephen L.
Published: July 2015

Increasing feminist attention to Willa Cather's The Professor’s House has resulted in interpretations that view the novels main character, professor Godfrey St. Peter, negatively. An extreme example of this tendency is Doris Grumbach’s portrait of his as a frustrated homosexual misogynist. While gender conflict is an important element of the novel, an exaggerated and distorting emphasis on it trivializes the cost of the professor’s struggle and the significance of his final decision. O romance The Professor's House de Willa Cather despertou a atenção crescente dos interessados na teoria do feminino, suscitando, muitas vezes, interpretações negativas a respeito do personagem principal, professor Godfrey St. Peter. O trabalho de Doris Grumbach, que o retrata como um homossexual misógeno frustrado, é exemplo extremo dessa tendência. Embora o conflito dos gêneros seja elemento essencial no romance, a distorção desse conflito banaliza o significado da decisão final tomada pelo professor.
How do people speak in Nof Ca'lina?
Authors: Silva Rosa Maria Neves da
Published: July 2015

The present work studies the speech of a standard Southern-Midland speaker of American English. The informant is a resident and native of Charlotte, North Carolina, belonging to the area of the Apalachians and the Blue Ridge Mountains, which goes from the Pennsylvania line to northern Georgia. There is no dominant population center in this area and the speech features can occur either in the South or the South Midland.
The teaching of foreign languages for adult beginners in their native country
Authors: Lage Maria Helena Lott
Published: July 2015

The problem of how to approach the teaching of foreign languages has always concerned educators all over the world. A long time ago, to know a foreign language was almost a luxury, a privilege to the wealthy, an indicative of social and educational status. Parents would spend fortunes to send their children abroad, or to bring a foreign governess into their homes to initiate their children in the acquisition of a foreign language. Along with progress, however, what used to be an optional extravagance turned out to be a necessity. The teaching of foreign languages was introduced in the schools, as the world became "smaller" through the development of modes of communication. People now learn foreign languages for several different reasons, and in many different ways. As the number of learners increased, the number of teachers also raised significantly, as well as the interest in the field. A new science emerged — Linguistics — with the specific purpose of studying the phenomenon language, namely, what language is and how it is acquired.
Narrative technique in The Good Soldier
Authors: Arnold Stela Beatris Tôrres
Published: July 2015

In the dedicatory letter to Stella (Bowen) Ford, Ford Madox Ford wrote that, at a certain point in his life, he decided to put in a novel all he knew about writing to produce the Auk's egg of a career ordaíned to end at the age of forty. He was mistaken as far as his literary career was concerned, for many more books would be written in times to come. However, in the critics' appraisal The Good Soldier remains his swam song, his Auk's egg. In this work we can see the results of Ford's endless studies of the form of the novel, done alone or with Conrad during the years of their partnership, and it is generally agreed that, through its unity of form and substance, technique and theme, Ford reveals himself at his best.
Basic sentece patterns in English and in Portuguese
Authors: Oliveira Myriam Vieira Bello de
Published: July 2015

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Journey through light and darkness: a study of duplication in Shakespeare
Authors: Resende Aimara Da Cunha
Published: July 2015

As Shakespeare matures, his ideological stance changes from that of a writer believing in and backing up the establishment, to that of one who, though deeply aware of man in his human condition, doubts the validity of the status quo. His art then reflects the changes in his stance. At first it tends to present Renaissance poetics, becoming essentially Baroque, in its greatest phase, to move back to more firmly delineated forms and structures, in his last plays. This study of A Midsummer Night's Dream, Hamlet and The Tempest aims at presenting some characteristics both of the Renaissance elements in the structure, based on "mise en abyme," and of the Baroque poetics found within this structure. These aspects are viewed against the background of the ideology of Shakespeare's England at the same time that duplication, in Lacan's sense, is analysed and shows to coincide with the support and/or acceptance of the social cannons.
O "Present Perfect": dificuldades de conceitualização e de ensino
Authors: Gohn Carlos Alberto
Published: July 2015

Os objetivos do presente estudo são duplos. Primeiro, o de apresentar, do ponto de vista de um falante nativo do português, um exame crítico dos dois trabalhos feitos no Brasil sobre o tema (Wade, 1978 e Nicolacópulos, 1976). Eles são examinados e contrastados com trabalhos recentes de descrição desse tempo verbal feitos nos Estados Unidos: Mc Coard (1978) , que se diferencia dos que examinaram previamente o tema por ser o primeiro a tratar explicitamente de inferências pragmáticas para a escolha do "Present Perfect", e Marshall (1979), que investiga o fenômeno de uma variação lingüística: o uso do "Simple Past" no inglês americano em ambientes que exigiriam o "Present Perfect". Inclui-se uma tomada de posição sobre algumas descrições do "Present Perfect" feitas por falantes nativos do inglês. Em segundo lugar, a partir dessas observações, propor sugestões pedagógicas para o ensino deste tempo verbal para estudantes brasileiros. Dentre as questões investigadas, pode-se ressaltar o uso do "Present Perfect" nos diferentes registros, do mais formal ao in formal, a questão da freqüência das formas deste tempo verbal, os ambientes onde normalmente são usadas e a questão do uso do "Simple Past" no inglês americano, tudo isso para se chegar a uma visão mais ampla das implicações do uso do "Present Perfect".
Nature and the reality of consciousnss
Authors: Aguiar Cleusa Vieira de
Published: July 2015

The term 'realism' has been used in many different ways. Thus, rather than assume or state a particular sense of the term to be used in this discussion of Virginia Woolf, we shall here consider her work in the light of various epistemological problems arising from a philosophy which for both intrinsic and historical reasons seems relevant to her life and work - the philosophy of G.E. Moore. Our exploration of the particular form of realism to be found in Virginia Woolf’s work will therefore lead us to consider problems of philosophy, literary criticism and techniques of fiction.
Faulkner's narrative technique in Light in August: style
Authors: Lima Sandra Giffone Pellizzaro
Published: July 2015

To read Faulkner is to discover the South with all of its historical burden, its social and moral significance combined with the author's own experience and imagination.
Narrative technique in Light in August
Authors: Vasconcellos Maria Lúcia Barbosa de
Published: July 2015

I am going to start with a quotation by Edmond L. Volpe in his studies about Faulkner: "Faulkner's greatness as an artist is due to a great extent, to his ability to deal with the specific and the universal simultaneously. Everything that particularizes the American South and its inhabitants is rendered realistically in his writing. But he is far more than a regional writer, and his achievement is due, in large measure, to his narrative structure, narrative techniques, and his style."
The sound and the fury of Southern American literature
Authors: Gazolla Ana Lúcia Almeida
Published: July 2015

The South of the United States presents, in the twentieth century, a remarkable flowering in the area of Literature. It has produced, especially in the first half of the century, more good writers than any other region in the country. Writers of the stature of Thomas Wolfe, Eudora Welty, Richard Wright, Tennessee Williams, Robert Penn Warren, John Crowe Ransom, Carson McCullers, to name just a few, together with William Faulkner, the greatest of all, have been responsible for a period of such creativity that it has come to be known as "the Southern Renaissance."
O ensino da língua instrumental: o inglês, o alemão e o francês
Authors: Vieira Else Ribeiro Pires
Published: July 2015

Uma das vertentes principais do ensino de línguas estrangeiras nos últimos 10 ou 15 anos é o treinamento de alunos em habilidades lingüísticas específicas, o que é comumente conhecido por língua instrumental ou ensino de língua para finalidades específicas.
Considerações sobre a didática e a metodologia do ensino de alemão como língua estrangeira: a pragmadidática
Authors: Bornhost Josef
Published: July 2015

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The role of the poet in Shelley's 'Ode to West Wind'
Authors: Gazolla Ana Lúcia Almeida
Published: July 2015

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Considerações sobre interferências de ordens psicológicas no ato de ler em cursos de inglês instrumental
Authors: Souza Luiz Otávio Carvalho Gonçalves de
Published: July 2015

Partindo do principio de que se tem dado nos últimos anos uma forte ênfase aos aspectos cognitivos envolvidos no processo do desenvolvimento da habilidade de ler com finalidade de compreensão e critica, tanto em língua materna quanto em língua estrangeira, este trabalho tem como propósito colocar em discussão esses aspectos cognitivos frente aos afetivo/motivacionais.
'Wuthering Heights': the choice of narrator
Authors: Gallo Elisa Cristina De Proença Rodrigues
Published: July 2015

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All the King's Men and the Southern Renaissance
Authors: Vasconcellos Maria Lúcia Barbosa de
Published: July 2015

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Joyce and modern critical theory
Authors: Tanner Stephen L.
Published: July 2015

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Die syntaktisch-semantische Rolle der Nominalendungen im Deutschen
Authors: Ribeiro Tarcísia Múcia Lobo
Published: July 2015

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The windings of destiny: the tribal image in Edith Wharton's The Age of Innocence
Authors: Resende Aimara Da Cunha
Published: July 2015

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Who owns the truth? Based on Lillian Hellman's play The Children's Hour
Authors: Ferreira Maria José
Published: July 2015

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The pattern of death and rebirth in contemporary American literature
Authors: Oliveira Myriam Vieira Bello de
Published: July 2015

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Ideology, education and the English teacher
Authors: Oliveira Solange Ribeiro de
Published: July 2015

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The self-reflexive philosophy of Robinson Jeffers
Authors: Beers Terry
Published: July 2015

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Arlington........
Authors: Dawson Chester Sheppard
Published: July 2015

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Aura...
Authors: Dawson Chester Sheppard
Published: July 2015

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Epopee...
Authors: Dawson Chester Sheppard
Published: July 2015

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Miss Fothergill as mirror-image: ambivalence and incest in L. P. Hartly's Trilogy
Authors: Gallo Elisa Cristina De Proença Rodrigues
Published: July 2015

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George Eliot: English moral Realism
Authors: Linklater Ian
Published: July 2015

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The Flies: a tragedy or an existentialist drama?
Authors: Jeha Júlio César , Vasconcellos Maria Lúcia Barbosa de
Published: July 2015

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Joseph Conrad's Journey into The Darkness of Self
Authors: Tolentino Magda Velloso Fernandes de
Published: July 2015

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Rome in Hawthorne's French and Italian notebooks and in The Marble Faun
Authors: Przybycien Regina M.
Published: July 2015

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