bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proposing a hybrid metaheuristic optimization algorithm and machine learning model for energy use forecast in non-residential buildings
Authors: Ngo Ngoc-Tri , Truong Thi Thu Ha , Truong Ngoc-Son , Pham Anh-Duc , Huynh Nhat-To , Pham Tuan Minh , Pham Vu Hong Son
Published: January 2022

The building sector is the largest energy consumer accounting for 40% of global energy usage. An energy forecast model supports decision-makers to manage electric utility management. Identifying optimal values of hyperparameters of prediction models is challenging. Therefore, this study develops a novel time-series Wolf-Inspired Optimized Support Vector Regression (WIO-SVR) model to predict 48-step-ahead energy consumption in buildings. The proposed model integrates the support vector regression (SVR) and the grey wolf optimizer (GWO) in which the SVR model serves as a prediction engine while the GWO is used to optimize the hyperparameters of the SVR model. The 30-min energy data from various buildings in Vietnam were adopted to validate model performance. Buildings include one commercial building, one hospital building, three authority buildings, three university buildings, and four office buildings. The dataset is divided into the learning data and the test data. The performance of the WIO-SVR was superior to baseline models including the SVR, random forests (RF), M5P, and decision tree learner (REPTree). The WIO-SVR model obtained the highest value of correlation coefficient (R) with 0.90. The average root-mean-square error (RMSE) of the WIO-SVR was 2.02 kWh which was more accurate than those of the SVR model with 10.95 kWh, the RF model with 16.27 kWh, the M5P model with 17.73 kWh, and the REPTree model with 26.44 kWh. The proposed model improved 442.0–1207.9% of the predictive accuracy in RMSE. The reliable WIO-SVR model provides building managers with useful references in efficient energy management.
Cumulative effects of human footprint, natural features and predation risk best predict seasonal resource selection by white-tailed deer
Authors: Darlington Siobhan , Ladle Andrew , Burton A. Cole , Volpe John P. , Fisher Jason T.
Published: January 2022

Land modified for human use alters matrix shape and composition and is a leading contributor to global biodiversity loss. It can also play a key role in facilitating range expansion and ecosystem invasion by anthrophilic species, as it can alter food abundance and distribution while also influencing predation risk; the relative roles of these processes are key to habitat selection theory. We researched these relative influences by examining human footprint, natural habitat, and predator occurrence on seasonal habitat selection by range-expanding boreal white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in the oil sands of western Canada. We hypothesized that polygonal industrial features (e.g. cutblocks, well sites) drive deer distributions as sources of early seral forage, while linear features (e.g. roads, trails, and seismic lines) and habitat associated with predators are avoided by deer. We developed seasonal 2nd -order resource selection models from three years of deer GPS-telemetry data, a camera-trap-based model of predator occurrence, and landscape spatial data to weigh evidence for six competing hypotheses. Deer habitat selection was best explained by the combination of polygonal and linear features, intact deciduous forest, and wolf (Canis lupus) occurrence. Deer strongly selected for linear features such as roads and trails, despite a potential increased risk of wolf encounters. Linear features may attract deer by providing high density forage opportunity in heavily exploited landscapes, facilitating expansion into the boreal north.
Cottonseed extracts regulate gene expression in human colon cancer cells
Authors: Cao Heping , Sethumadhavan Kandan , Wu Xiaoyu , Zeng Xiaochun , Zhang Lin
Published: January 2022

Cotton plant provides economically important fiber and cottonseed, but cottonseed contributes 20% of the crop value. Cottonseed value could be increased by providing high value bioactive compounds and polyphenolic extracts aimed at improving nutrition and preventing diseases because plant polyphenol extracts have been used as medicinal remedy for various diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of cottonseed extracts on cell viability and gene expression in human colon cancer cells. COLO 225 cells were treated with ethanol extracts from glanded and glandless cottonseed followed by MTT and qPCR assays. Cottonseed extracts showed minor effects on cell viability. qPCR assay analyzed 55 mRNAs involved in several pathways including DGAT, GLUT, TTP, IL, gossypol-regulated and TTP-mediated pathways. Using BCL2 mRNA as the internal reference, qPCR analysis showed minor effects of ethanol extracts from glanded seed coat and kernel and glandless seed coat on mRNA levels in the cells. However, glandless seed kernel extract significantly reduced mRNA levels of many genes involved in glucose transport, lipid biosynthesis and inflammation. The inhibitory effects of glandless kernel extract on gene expression may provide a useful opportunity for improving nutrition and healthcare associated with colon cancer. This in turn may provide the potential of increasing cottonseed value by using ethanol extract as a nutrition/health intervention agent.
Cerebral cortical processing time is elongated in human brain evolution
Authors: Itoh Kosuke , Konoike Naho , Nejime Masafumi , Iwaoki Haruhiko , Igarashi Hironaka , Hirata Satoshi , Nakamura Katsuki
Published: January 2022

An increase in number of neurons is presumed to underlie the enhancement of cognitive abilities in brain evolution. The evolution of human cognition is then expected to have accompanied a prolongation of net neural-processing time due to the accumulation of processing time of individual neurons over an expanded number of neurons. Here, we confirmed this prediction and quantified the amount of prolongation in vivo, using noninvasive measurements of brain responses to sounds in unanesthetized human and nonhuman primates. Latencies of the N1 component of auditory-evoked potentials recorded from the scalp were approximately 40, 50, 60, and 100 ms for the common marmoset, rhesus monkey, chimpanzee, and human, respectively. Importantly, the prominent increase in human N1 latency could not be explained by the physical lengthening of the auditory pathway, and therefore reflected an extended dwell time for auditory cortical processing. A longer time window for auditory cortical processing is advantageous for analyzing time-varying acoustic stimuli, such as those important for speech perception. A novel hypothesis concerning human brain evolution then emerges: the increase in cortical neuronal number widened the timescale of sensory cortical processing, the benefits of which outweighed the disadvantage of slow cognition and reaction.
CC-01 (chidamide plus celecoxib) modifies the tumor immune microenvironment and reduces tumor progression combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor
Authors: Chen Jia-Shiong , Chou Cheng-Han , Wu Yi-Hong , Yang Mu-Hsuan , Chu Sz-Hao , Chao Ye-Su , Chen Chia-Nan
Published: January 2022

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown clinical benefit in solid tumors, with modest rates of clinical response. Hence, improved therapeutic approaches need to be investigated. Herein, we assessed a combination of chidamide plus celecoxib (called CC-01) combined with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade in a CT26 model as potent tumor microenvironment (TME) regulator. The antitumor activity was assessed by measuring tumor size, overall response rate, and survival rate. Immune profiling of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was performed by flow cytometry. Tumor tissues were assessed by chip assay to predict the possible pathway. Tumor size was significantly reduced in mice treated with CC-01 combined with or without anti-PD-1 antibody, however the triple combination therapy consistently demonstrated that it significantly increased both the ORR and survival rate in term of clinical applications. In the combination group, immune landscape profiling revealed decreased populations of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and tumor-associated macrophages. Analysis of the mouse tumor chip data using Gene Ontology enrichment analysis of biological processes revealed that the triple combination upregulated genes associated with responses to interferon-gamma. Our results demonstrated that CC-01 possessed potent TME regulatory properties, augmenting the antitumor effect when combined with ICIs. This antitumor effect was achieved by altering the immune landscape in TILs (tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes) and was associated with immune cell activation in the TME. Furthermore, CC-01 demonstrated potent anticancer immune response activity, mainly reducing the number and function of several immunosuppressive cells. The combination of CC-01 with an ICI will further enhance the anticancer effect and boost the immune response rate. Collectively, our results support the clinical evaluation of CC-01 in combination with ICIs in several advanced cancers.
The role of selenium in depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of human observational and interventional studies
Authors: Sajjadi Sana Sadat , Foshati Sahar , Haddadian-Khouzani Sajjad , Rouhani Mohammad Hossein
Published: January 2022

The results of human studies are inconsistent regarding selenium and depressive disorders. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational and interventional studies and provided an overview of the role of selenium in depression. Three databases including Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched on June 30, 2020 and updated on April 12, 2021. Also, we searched in electronical databases of WHO Global Index Medicus and ClinicalTrials.gov. No time or language restrictions were used for the search. A random effects model was used to pool effect sizes. In total, 20 studies were included in the systematic review, and 15 studies were included in the meta-analysis. There were no significant differences in serum selenium levels between patients with depression and healthy subjects (WMD: 2.12 mg/L; 95% CI: − 0.11, 4.36; I2 = 98.0%, P < 0.001). Also, no significant correlation was found between serum levels of selenium and depression scores (r: − 0.12; 95% CI: − 0.33, 0.08; I2 = 73.5%, P = 0.010). Nevertheless, there was a significant negative association between high selenium intake and the risk of postpartum depression (OR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.95, 0.99; I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.507).
In addition, selenium supplementation significantly reduced depressive symptoms (WMD: − 0.37; 95% CI: − 0.56, − 0.18; I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.959). Taken these results together, selenium seems to have a protective role against postpartum depression and can be considered as a beneficial adjuvant therapy in patients with depression. Further studies are necessary to draw definitive conclusions.
The major plant sphingolipid long chain base phytosphingosine inhibits growth of bacterial and fungal plant pathogens
Authors: Glenz René , Kaiping Agnes , Göpfert Delia , Weber Hannah , Lambour Benjamin , Sylvester Marvin , Fröschel Christian , Mueller Martin J. , Osman Mohamed , Waller Frank
Published: January 2022

Sphingolipid long chain bases (LCBs) are building blocks of sphingolipids and can serve as signalling molecules, but also have antimicrobial activity and were effective in reducing growth of a range of human pathogens. In plants, LCBs are linked to cell death processes and the regulation of defence reactions against pathogens, but their role in directly influencing growth of plant-interacting microorganisms has received little attention. Therefore, we tested the major plant LCB phytosphingosine in in vitro tests with the plant pathogenic fungi Verticillium longisporum, Fusarium graminearum and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the plant symbiotic fungal endophyte Serendipita indica, the bacterial pathogens Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst), Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and the related beneficial strain Rhizobium radiobacter. Phytosphingosine inhibited growth of these organisms at micromolar concentrations. Among the fungal pathogens, S. sclerotiorum was the most, and F. graminearum was the least sensitive. 15.9 μg/mL phytosphingosine effectively killed 95% of the three bacterial species. Plant disease symptoms and growth of Pst were also inhibited by phytosphingosine when co-infiltrated into Arabidopsis leaves, with no visible negative effect on host tissue. Taken together, we demonstrate that the plant LCB phytosphingosine inhibits growth of plant-interacting microorganisms. We discuss the potential of elevated LCB levels to enhance plant pathogen resistance.
Modified lateral gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap with extended anterior and/or inferior boundary
Authors: Peng Ping , Dong Zhonggen , Wei Jianwei , Liu Lihong , Luo Zhaobiao , Cao Shu , Xu Qiang , Zheng Lei
Published: January 2022

There is little information regarding the boundaries of the lateral gastrocnemius myocutaneous (LGM) flap. The aim of this study was to introduce the modified technique of the LGM flap with extended anterior and/or inferior boundaries and its anatomical basis. Five fresh lower limb specimens were perfused and radiographed. Between December 2003 and August 2018, 27 modified LGM flaps with extended anterior and/or inferior boundaries were raised in 27 patients to reconstruct the soft tissue defects over the middle and upper leg, knee, and lower thigh. Both the lateral popliteal cutaneous artery and musculocutaneous perforators from the lateral sural artery had rich linked arteries communicating with the chain-linked arterial network around both the posterolateral intermuscular septum and the sural nerve, and they also had rich transverse communicating arteries connecting with the perifascial arterial network overlying the anterior compartment in the upper and middle calf. Continuous fascial arterial networks were extended up to the level at the intermalleolar line. Twenty-three flaps survived uneventfully, 2 flaps displayed distal de-epithelialization, and 2 flaps (7.41%) developed partial necrosis. Osteomyelitis was cured successfully in all patients, and no relapse of infection was encountered during the follow-up period. Multiple feeder arteries are the arterial anatomic basis of the modified LGM flap. The modified LGM flap with extended anterior and/or inferior boundaries is feasible, and the modified flap with extended anterior boundaries is safe and reliable.
Lifting capacity prediction model using physical performance measures among construction workers
Authors: Mohapatra Sidhiprada , Verma Aparajita , Girish N.
Published: January 2022

Manual materials handling is performed in many workplaces and is a significant risk factor for musculoskeletal injuries. The identification of lifting capacity is important to reduce the occurrence of musculoskeletal injuries. Lifting capacity is difficult to evaluate at the workplace. Therefore, there is a need to develop an alternate method that is easy and could be performed at the workplace. The study aimed to develop a lifting capacity prediction model for construction workers based on muscle strength and endurance. In this study, 65 construction workers were recruited; their socio-demographic and physical characteristics like core strength and endurance, grip strength, and lower limb flexibility were assessed. The lifting capacity was assessed using progressive isoinertial lifting evaluation. Stepwise multiple linear regression was carried out to develop the prediction model. The study suggested that age, BMI, grip strength, flexibility, prone plank, and trunk lateral flexor endurance tests have significantly influenced lifting capacity. Hence prediction model is developed using these variables. The regression model developed would help in easy estimation of lifting capacity among construction workers, which could be even administered with minimal skills by site supervisors or managers. It might help in the decision-making during pre-placement or return to work evaluations, thereby minimizing the incidence of low back disorders.
Dietary calcium intake in relation to type-2 diabetes and hyperglycemia in adults: A systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies
Authors: Hajhashemy Zahra , Rouhani Parisa , Saneei Parvane
Published: January 2022

Several epidemiological studies investigated the relation of Ca intake with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but there were inconsistencies in their findings. So, we conducted a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis to quantify the relation of dietary Ca intake with the risk of T2DM/hyperglycemia in adults. A systematic search was conducted up to May 2021, in MEDLINE (Pubmed), Web of Science (WOS), Scopus electronic databases and Google Scholar, for epidemiological studies that investigated the relation of dietary Ca intake (as the exposure) and T2DM/hyperglycemia (as the outcome) in adults, without restriction in publication date and language. Finally, 8 cohort and 9 cross-sectional studies were included in the analysis. The body of evidence was assessed by the GRADE approach. Combining effect sizes from prospective cohort studies included 255,744 general adult population illustrated that highest level of dietary Ca intake, compared to lowest category, was related to an 18% reduced risk of T2DM (RR: 0.82; 95% CI 0.74–0.92). Based on linear dose–response analysis (including 255,744 healthy individuals and 13,531 patients with T2DM), each 300, 600 and 1000 mg/day increment in dietary Ca intake was respectively associated to 7, 14 and 23% reduced risk of T2DM. There was a steeper reduction in risk of T2DM when dietary Ca intake increased from low levels to 750 mg/day. Nevertheless, meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies revealed an inverse significant association between dietary Ca intake and T2DM/hyperglycemia only in the female population (OR: 0.66; 95% CI 0.50–0.88). This meta-analysis illustrated an inverse association between dietary Ca intake and risk of T2DM in general adult populations in prospective cohort studies, in a dose–response manner. It seems that increasing dietary Ca intake from low levels to around 750 mg/day was inversely related to risk of T2DM. In cross-sectional studies, an inverse relation between dietary Ca intake and T2DM/hyperglycemia was found only in females.
Topographical anatomy of the annulus of Zinn
Authors: Lacey Hester , Oliphant Huw , Smith Claire , Koenig Michael , Rajak Saul
Published: January 2022

The anatomy and even existence of a common tendinous origin of the extraocular eye muscles, or annulus of Zinn, has widely been debated in anatomical literature. This study explored the anatomical origins of the recti muscles, their course into the orbit and the dural connections of the common tendinous origin with the skull base. Twenty orbits of ten adult human cadavers were dissected. The orbital apex and its dural connections were photographed. Histological examination of apical specimens was performed. In all cadavers, extraocular muscles were observed to have a common tendinous origin at the orbital apex, continuous with dural connections extending into the skull base. Accessory slips of the medial rectus were observed across all cadavers. Dual heads of the lateral rectus were observed in fourteen orbits of seven cadavers. The origin of the levator palpebrae superioris appeared to be contiguous with the superior rectus at the common tendinous origin in all but one cadaver. These results support the existence of a common tendinous origin of the extraocular muscles, that is continuous with the skull base dura. In addition, they support the existence of variations in orbital anatomy including dual or accessory muscle slips of the extraocular muscles.
Core–shell copper-gold nanoparticles modified at the boron-doped diamond electrode for oxygen sensors
Authors: Gunlazuardi Jarnuzi , Kurniawan Anghel D. , Jiwanti Prastika K. , Einaga Yasuaki , Ivandini Tribidasari A.
Published: January 2022

Bimetallic copper–gold (Cu@Au) nanoparticles were synthesized and utilised to modify boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes for an application in oxygen sensor.
Tuning of pH enables carbon-13 hyperpolarization of oxalates by SABRE
Authors: Roy Soumya S. , Iali Wissam , Moustafa Gamal A. I. , Levitt Malcolm H.
Published: January 2022

This paper presents two complementary methods of hyperpolarizing oxalate by SABRE. Whilst the first method tunes the bonding affinity between oxalate and the catalyst by pH variations, the second method relies on a rationalised synthetic route.
Janus Ga2SeTe/In2SSe heterostructures: tunable electronic, optical, and photocatalytic properties
Authors: Lin Heng-Fu , Liu Hui-Ying , Wang Min , Wang Shu-Shen , Hou Ting-Ping , Wu Kai-Ming
Published: January 2022

The structural stability, band structures, band alignment, interface characteristics, optical absorption, and photocatalyst properties of the Janus Ga2SeTe/In2SSe heterostructures were comprehensively studied.
Structure, optoelectronic properties and thermal stability of the triple organic cation GAxFAxMA1−2xPbI3 system prepared by mechanochemical synthesis
Authors: Minussi F. B. , A. Silva L. , Araújo E. B.
Published: January 2022

The solvent-free, mechanochemically synthesized GAxFAxMA1−2xPbI3 system shows tunable properties and appropriate stability for optoelectronic applications.
Probing the electronic structure and Au–C bonding in AuC2nH (n= 4–7) using photoelectron imaging spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations
Authors: Han Changcai , Xiong Xiao-Gen , Hong Jing , Yan Shuai-Ting , Fei Zejie , Liu Hongtao , Dong Changwu
Published: January 2022

The PES spectra of AuC2nH−(n= 4–7) and the σ type SOMO in the linear anions are shown here.
Ligand assisted hydrogenation of levulinic acid on Pt(111) from first principles calculations
Authors: Gell Lars , Honkala Karoliina
Published: January 2022

In this study, we investigate the hydrogenation reaction of levulinic acid to 4-hydroxypentanoic acid on ligand-modified Pt(111) using DFT.
Investigation of the local photothermal effects by fabricating a CQDs/Au/TiO2 photoelectrode in a PEC water splitting system
Authors: Cao Angran , Sang Lixia , Yu Zexin , Zhao Yue , Wang Xudong , Wang Chong , Ma Mengnan
Published: January 2022

Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) and carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have been proved to generate strong local photothermal effects in a PEC water splitting system.
Atomic layer deposition of lithium zirconium oxides for the improved performance of lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Liu Yongqiang , Wang Xin , Ghosh Sujan Kumar , Zou Min , Zhou Hua , Xiao Xianghui , Meng Xiangbo
Published: January 2022

The newly developed ternary LixZryO coating via a super-ALD process remarkably improves the performance of NMC622 cathodes in lithium-ion batteries.
Synergistic photocatalytic effect of BiOBr–BiOI heterojunctions due to appropriate layer stacking
Authors: Arana-Trenado J. Alejandro , Ramírez-Ortega David , Serrano-Lázaro Amauri , Hernández-Gordillo Agileo , Rodil Sandra E. , Bizarro Monserrat
Published: January 2022

In thin film heterojunctions the order of the layers is crucial to obtain a synergistic effect. The layout S-BiOI–BiOBr boosted the photocatalytic activity as light was completely used and the charges were favored to move to the surface and react.
Hetero- and homoleptic binuclear gold(i)–thiolate and –halide complexes – ligand exchange kinetics and supramolecular structures
Authors: Ang Pau Lin , Nguyen Van Ha , Yip John H. K.
Published: January 2022

The kinetics and mechanism of a rapid intermolecular ligand exchange between heteroleptic dinuclear gold(i) complexes with thiolate and halide ligands were investigated by variable-temperature NMR spectroscopy.
Effects of different moisture contents on the structural and functional properties of cellulose with cell wall components in different citrus fibres
Authors: Kristensen Kaja , Warne George , Agarwal Deepa , Foster Tim J.
Published: January 2022

A multi-method approach to analyse the influence of different moisture levels on the structural and functional properties of cellulose with cell wall materials e.g. pectin, lignin, and hemicellulose present in citrus fibres.
Mixed solid-state fermentation for releasing bound polyphenols from insoluble dietary fiber in carrots via Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus niger
Authors: Liao Wang , Liu Shuai , Dong Ruihong , Xie Jianhua , Chen Yi , Hu Xiaobo , Xie Jiayan , Xue Puyou , Feng Lei , Yu Qiang
Published: January 2022

Investigation of the release mechanism of bound polyphenols (BP) from insoluble, dietary fibre (IDF) by mixed solid-state fermentation (MSF) with Trichoderma reesei, and Aspergillus niger.
Proanthocyanidins from Chinese bayberry leaves reduce obesity and associated metabolic disorders in high-fat diet-induced obese mice through a combination of AMPK activation and an alteration in gut microbiota
Authors: Zhang Yu , Pan Haibo , Ye Xingqian , Chen Shiguo
Published: January 2022

Regulating host energy metabolism and re-shaping gut microbiota are effective strategies against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and related metabolic disorders.
The need to change the approach to the safe use of herbicides by developing chiral and environmentally friendly formulations: a series of enantioselective (R)- and (S)-phenylethylammonium chloroacetates
Authors: Turek Marika , Biczak Robert , Pawłowska Barbara , Różycka-Sokołowska Ewa , Owsianik Krzysztof , Marciniak Bernard , Bałczewski Piotr
Published: January 2022

Most of the commercial chiral herbicides are used as racemic mixtures, whereas the use of their optically active forms may be more effective and environmentally safer.
Theoretical investigations on the superhydrophobicity of intrinsic hydrophilic surfaces with overhang microstructures
Authors: Xu P. , Bai J. R. , Zhou P. , Wang L. L. , Sun X. N. , Wei L. , Zhou Q. F.
Published: January 2022

Free energy variations with contact angle.
Synthesis, structural and electrical characterization of a new organic inorganic bromide: [(C3H7)4N]2CoBr4
Authors: Khalfa M. , Oueslati A. , Khirouni K. , Gargouri M. , Rousseau A. , Lhoste J. , Bardeau J.-F. , Corbel G.
Published: January 2022

A new organic inorganic hybrid [TPA]2CoBr4, where TPA = [(C3H7)4N]+ (i.e., tetra-propyl-ammonium) compound has been synthesized by slow evaporation method at room temperature.
A mitochondria targetable near-infrared fluorescence probe for glutathione visual biological detection
Authors: Jia Mingxuan , Wei Liangnian , Lu Yuxun , Zhang Ruqiu , Chen Qiuling , Xia Wenjiang , Liu Ye , Li Fan , Zhou Ying
Published: January 2022

A mitochondria targetable fluorescence probe with 730 nm emission was developed for GSH detection. The probe successfully imaged GSH in HeLa cells and C. elegans, and was applied in rat brain slices imaging.
Synergistic effects of core@double-shell structured magnesium hydroxide microcapsules on flame retardancy and smoke suppression in flexible poly(vinyl chloride)
Authors: Xu Jingshui , Yang Haiying , Luo Zibo , Wu Dang , Cao Gengyu
Published: January 2022

It can be concluded that MH@DOPO@MF incorporated in flexible PVC improves its flame retardancy. The possible synergistic flame-retardant mechanism of PVC/10 wt% MH@DOPO@MF composite was proposed.
Transpiration-powered desalination water bottle
Authors: Cornish Gracie A. , Eyegheleme Ndidi L. , Hudson Laurel S. , Troy Kathleen J. , Vollen Maia M. , Boreyko Jonathan B.
Published: January 2022

Inspired by mangrove trees, we present a theoretical design and analysis of a portable desalinating water bottle powered by transpiration.
Magnetoresistance of high mobility HgTe quantum dot films with controlled charging
Authors: Chen Menglu , Lan Xinzheng , Hudson Margaret H. , Shen Guohua , Littlewood Peter B. , Talapin Dmitri V. , Guyot-Sionnest Philippe
Published: January 2022

The magnetoresistance of HgTe quantum dot films, exhibiting a well-defined 1Se state charging and a relatively high mobility (1–10 cm2 V−1 s−1), is measured with controlled occupation of the first electronic state.
Clog mitigation in a microfluidic array via pulsatile flows
Authors: Dincau Brian , Tang Connor , Dressaire Emilie , Sauret Alban
Published: January 2022

Clogging is a common obstacle encountered during the transport of suspensions in confined systems. We demonstrate that pulsatile flows can delay clogging at both the pore and system scale.
Human lactate dehydrogenase A undergoes allosteric transitions under pH conditions inducing the dissociation of the tetrameric enzyme
Authors: Pasti Alberto Pietro , Rossi Valentina , Di Stefano Giuseppina , Brigotti Maurizio , Hochkoeppler Alejandro
Published: January 2022

The aerobic energetic metabolism of eukaryotic cells relies on the glycolytic generation of pyruvate, which is subsequently channelled to the oxidative phosphorylation taking place in mitochondria. However, under conditions limiting oxidative phosphorylation, pyruvate is coupled to alternative energetic pathways, e.g. its reduction to lactate catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenases (LDHs). This biochemical process is known to induce a significant decrease in cytosolic pH, and is accordingly denoted lactic acidosis. Nevertheless, the mutual dependence of LDHs action and lactic acidosis is far from being fully understood. Using human LDH-A, here we show that when exposed to acidic pH this enzyme is subjected to homotropic allosteric transitions triggered by pyruvate. Conversely, human LDH-A features Michaelis–Menten kinetics at pH values equal to 7.0 or higher. Further, citrate, isocitrate, and malate were observed to activate human LDH-A, both at pH 5.0 and 6.5, with citrate and isocitrate being responsible for major effects. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) experiments revealed that the occurrence of allosteric kinetics in human LDH-A is mirrored by a consistent dissociation of the enzyme tetramer, suggesting that pyruvate promotes tetramer association under acidic conditions. Finally, using the human liver cancer cell line HepG2 we isolated cells featuring cytosolic pH equal to 7.3 or 6.5, and we observed a concomitant decrease in cytosolic pH and lactate secretion. Overall, our observations indicate the occurrence of a negative feedback between lactic acidosis and human LDH-A activity, and a complex regulation of this feedback by pyruvate and by some intermediates of the Krebs cycle.
Learning‐based adaptive feedback control for tracking optimisation in wireless sensor actuator networking systems
Authors: Byun Heejung
Published: January 2022

In wireless sensor and actuator networks (WSAN), sensors can have much longer lifetime as mobile sink nodes move through the network and collect data from static sensor nodes. Applying mobile sinks in WSAN systems has faced challenges in sink path planning and data gathering scheduling. Many studies have focused on priori‐trail planning for mobile sinks; however, they have not considered tracking performance degradation during operation due to system nonlinearities and uncertain WSAN environments. Thus, two learning‐based adaptive feedback control methods, adaptive neural‐network‐based feedback control (ANNFC) and adaptive neural‐network‐based feedback control with integrator model (ANNFC‐IM), are proposed to improve and optimise tracking performance in unknown and uncertain WSAN environments. The proposed algorithms enable a mobile sink to adjust its flying trajectory with online learning by applying a neural‐network‐based control method. The performance of the proposed algorithm is validated by theoretical analysis and simulation results. The results demonstrate that the proposed methods significantly outperform existing methods in terms of tracking error, system stability, and convergence.
Analytical modelling of synchronous reluctance motor including non‐linear magnetic condition
Authors: Naseer Muhammad Usman , Kallaste Ants , Asad Bilal , Vaimann Toomas , Rassõlkin Anton
Published: January 2022

This paper presents an analytical modelling technique based on modified winding function and co‐energy analysis, for characterisation of synchronous reluctance machines, in conjunction with a hybrid algorithm for mapping of the machine's operating point on BH curve and the corresponding performance parameters in non‐linear magnetic condition. The model successfully provides the mean torque and the torque profiles of a synchronous reluctance motor as a function of input current and load‐angle in the magnetic linear and non‐linear conditions. The obtained results of this proposed model are compared with finite‐element‐analysis (FEA) based commercial design software Simcentre‐MAGNET. The comparison proves this model's capability to estimate the machine's performance parameters with considerable accuracy from an already established design analysis technique, FEA. The proposed modelling technique requires only a fraction of simulation runtime when compared to other design analysis techniques. Considering the accuracy of this modelling technique and the least requirement of computation resources and simulation time, this model can be used as an initial iterative‐design tool for mass personalised, additively manufactured electrical machines where rapidness of the iterative design analysis tool is of paramount importance.
Harmonic state estimation based on graph signal processing
Authors: Wang Ying , Xu Rui , Ma Xiaoyang , Qiu Wei , Fu Qiang , Zhou Runze
Published: January 2022

This paper presents a novel harmonic state estimation (HSE) methodology based on graph signal processing. The proposed approach can perform HSE without calculating harmonic impedance. The proposed methodology involves graph signal theory for constructing a graph Laplacian matrix and an unconstrained optimization function, the adaptive K‐means algorithm for building a prior information model of the target bus, as well as data fuzzification and the domain averaging method for state estimation. Simulations are carried out using a 30‐bus power distribution system, and results are presented and discussed to prove the efficiency of the proposed method. The practical application further verifies the availability of the proposed method.
Single‐pole tripped emergency control and multistep power recovery strategy for a symmetric bipolar VSC‐HVDC system
Authors: Guo Peiqian , Ji Yirun , Yuan Zhichang , Zhao Yuming , Wu Aijun , Liu Guowei
Published: January 2022

In a symmetric bipolar voltage sourced converter‐high voltage direct current system (VSC‐HVDC) with a conventionally independent power controller, a single‐pole converter unit malfunction or conversion capacity limitation results in a power imbalance for this converter station. To address this, a centralized power control strategy with single‐pole tripped emergency control and a multistep power regulation strategy for parallel double converter units is proposed. Firstly, considering the power conversion limitation or power asymmetrical operation caused by single‐unit malfunction, the tripped emergency coordination between two converter units can be accomplished to realize a constant transmission power capacity of this converter station. Secondly, for the recovery process of the faulty converter unit, the multistep power switching strategy is adopted. When the fault has been removed and the faulty converter unit is deblocked to reconnect to the DC grid, the proposed strategy is used to achieve self‐adaptive power regulation. By adopting this strategy, the large power fluctuations in the process of reconnection can be effectively alleviated. Finally, a simulator based on PSCAD/EMTDC is indicated. The results show that the developed control strategy can realize self‐adaptive imbalanced power adjustment between two parallel converter units and single‐pole tripped unit smoothing reconnection.
A real‐time state estimation framework for integrated energy system considering measurement delay
Authors: Xu Dongliang , Xu Junjun , Wu Zaijun , Hu Qinran
Published: January 2022

The increasingly close connections between multiple heterogeneous energy subsystems, the integrated energy system (IES) will play a critical role in ensuring future energy generations and distributions. As an essential function of the energy management system, state estimation provides data support for energy management of IES. Unfortunately, the existing IES state estimation method does not consider the measurement delay, which is inconsistent with the measurement delay characteristics caused by the multi‐timescale characteristics of IES. Driven by this motivation, this paper proposes a real‐time state estimation framework for the gas‐electricity coupled system. Considering the characteristics of the gas pipelines and coupling elements, the dynamic model of the natural gas system is established. A dynamic state estimation algorithm to enhance numerical stability is adopted to solve the problem that real‐time estimation based on the traditional Kalman filter suffers from the curse of dimensionality. Finally, a modified unscented Kalman filter (UKF) based estimation method is designed based on unified time processing and delay noise synthesizing. The IEEE 39‐bus electrical system and the 20‐node Belgian gas system are coupled to form the test system in this paper. The case study shows the advantages of the proposed method in efficiency and accuracy compared with the existing methods.
Optimal power allocation in nonlinear MDM‐WDM systems using Gaussian noise model
Authors: Amirabadi Mohammad Ali , Kahaei Mohammad Hossein , Nezamalhosseini S. Alireza , Chen Lawrence R.
Published: January 2022

Mode‐division multiplexing (MDM) using few‐mode fibre (FMF) has received increasing attention to address the exponential growth of data traffic in long‐haul optical communication systems. Also, combining the MDM with wavelength‐division multiplexing (WDM) is a promising approach for dramatically growing the transmission capacity in such systems. However, a major barrier in this regard is the FMF nonlinear effects, which can significantly reduce the link performance. In this paper, in order to alleviate the FMF nonlinear effects, we focus on power allocation in FMF links by optimizing the input power of each optical WDM channel of each spatial mode, which leads to maximizing the total capacity transmission and also the minimum signal to noise ratio (SNR) margin. The FMF nonlinearity has been already modelled as the Gaussian noise (GN) for which no closed‐form formulation has been developed so far. Here, we derive a closed‐form GN model for this problem and verify it by comparing with the integral‐form GN model and split‐step Fourier method. In this approach, an optimal power is independently determined for each channel of each mode by optimizing a capacity maximization and a minimum SNR margin maximization problem in convex forms. The performance of different links including the single mode fibre‐WDM, MDM‐single channel, and MDM‐WDM are compared using computer simulations. These systems are comprehensively investigated in equal/non‐equal required SNR as well as flat/non‐flat amplifier gain scenarios. It is shown that optimized power allocation to each channel of each mode has a significant enhancement in the minimum SNR margin maximization scheme compared to the best equal power allocation. Furthermore, this improvement is much more in non‐equal required SNR and the non‐flat amplifier gain scenarios, showing the efficiency of the established approach in practical communication links.
A ‘spatial‐temporal’ bi‐layer optimal control strategy of large‐scale electric vehicles (EVs) in a multi‐area Virtual Power Plant (VPP) oriented to dual carbon target
Authors: Li Jianfang , Peng Daogang , Zhao Huirong , Wang Danhao , Qi Erjiang
Published: January 2022

Virtual power plant (VPP) is a comprehensive demand response (DR) technology to aggregate various power supply and consumption resources to help stabilise power grid fluctuations and reduce CO2 emissions. Fast‐charging electric vehicles (EVs) with higher charging power and shorter charging time are the most potential high‐quality DR resources of VPP in the future. In this paper, a new ‘spatial‐temporal’ bi‐layer optimal control strategy is proposed to solve the daily real‐time DR dispatching problem of large‐scale EVs including fast‐charging ones in a multi‐area VPP oriented to China's dual carbon target. This proposed bi‐layer strategy has two main contributions in both spatial and temporal domains. One is that, compared with the limited geographical area in traditional VPP, the upper layer of the proposed strategy considers the DR problem of EVs in a VPP with multiple geographical areas and establishes a spatial optimisation model of EVs DR considering both energy and carbon transaction costs of the overall VPP. The other is that rather than traditional slow‐charging EVs DR control with 1‐h temporal interval, the lower layer of the proposed strategy adds fast‐charging EVs in the real‐time orderly charging and discharging DR control by a shorter temporal interval of 15 min and designs two different charging and discharging price stimulation scenarios. The simulation results in the last section of this paper show that the proposed ‘spatial‐temporal’ bi‐layer optimal control strategy can effectively guide the charging and discharging behaviours of EVs in both spatial and temporal domains of a multi‐area VPP, achieving lower energy and carbon transaction cost and smaller load fluctuations.
Computing resource allocation strategy considering privacy protection mechanism in edge computing environment
Authors: Shan Jialing
Published: January 2022

Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to achieve high privacy security and low time consumption in the process of user terminals resource allocation, this paper proposes a computing resource allocation strategy considering privacy protection mechanism in edge computing environment. Firstly, the problem is modelled as partially observable Markov decision process, and a reinforcement learning algorithm is proposed to minimize the failure rate of tasks. Secondly, the privacy entropy is used to protect the privacy information data, and computing tasks are divided into several different types of data to measure the uncertainty of computing tasks. Finally, the time consumption and the data privacy security degree of user terminals are quantified by using time computing model and privacy entropy value, and a multi‐objective optimization problem model is established. Experiments show that the system energy consumption of the proposed method in the worst case is also less than 20 J, which is better than the two comparison methods. This method not only reduces the system energy consumption, but also enhances the security of data distribution and transmission.
The MUSE eXtremely Deep Field: Individual detections of Lyα haloes around rest-frame UV-selected galaxies at z ≃ 2.9–4.4
Authors: Kusakabe Haruka , Verhamme Anne , Blaizot Jérémy , Garel Thibault , Wisotzki Lutz , Leclercq Floriane , Bacon Roland , Schaye Joop , Gallego Sofia G. , Kerutt Josephine , Matthee Jorryt , Maseda Michael , Nanayakkara Themiya , Pelló Roser , Richard Johan , Tresse Laurence , Urrutia Tanya , Vitte Eloïse
Published: January 2022

Hydrogen Lyα haloes (LAHs) are commonly used as a tracer of the circumgalactic medium (CGM) at high redshifts. In this work, we aim to explore the existence of Lyα haloes around individual UV-selected galaxies, rather than around Lyα emitters (LAEs), at high redshifts. Our sample was continuum-selected with F775W ≤ 27.5, and spectroscopic redshifts were assigned or constrained for all the sources thanks to the deepest (100- to 140-h) existing Very Large Telescope (VLT)/Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) data with adaptive optics. The final sample includes 21 galaxies that are purely F775W-magnitude selected within the redshift range z ≈ 2.9 − 4.4 and within a UV magnitude range −20 ≤ M1500 ≤ −18, thus avoiding any bias toward LAEs. We tested whether galaxy’s Lyα emission is significantly more extended than the MUSE PSF-convolved continuum component. We find 17 LAHs and four non-LAHs. We report the first individual detections of extended Lyα emission around non-LAEs. The Lyα halo fraction is thus as high as 81.0−11.2+10.3%, which is close to that for LAEs at z = 3 − 6 in the literature. This implies that UV-selected galaxies generally have a large amount of hydrogen in their CGM. We derived the mean surface brightness (SB) profile for our LAHs with cosmic dimming corrections and find that Lyα emission extends to 5.4 arcsec (≃40 physical kpc at the midpoint redshift z = 3.6) above the typical 1σ SB limit. The incidence rate of surrounding gas detected in Lyα per one-dimensional line of sight per unit redshift, dn/dz, is estimated to be 0.76−0.09+0.09 for galaxies with M1500 ≤ −18 mag at z ≃ 3.7. Assuming that Lyα emission and absorption arise in the same gas, this suggests, based on abundance matching, that LAHs trace the same gas as damped Lyα systems (DLAs) and sub-DLAs.
New view of the Balmer-Kapteyn region: Cryptomare distribution and formation
Authors: Qiu Denggao , Li Fei , Yan Jianguo , Wang Xianmin , Gao Wutong , Deng Qingyun , Guo Xi
Published: January 2022

Context.The cryptomare in the Balmer-Kapteyn region is the oldest one on the Moon. Determining the extent and formation of this feature can deepen our understanding of early mare volcanism and help establish temporal and spatial constraints on lunar thermal and volcanic history.

Aims.This paper focuses on the identification of lunar cryptomaria and figuring out their formation processes.

Methods.We used the Global WAC digital terrain model to analyze the terrain. We built a mathematical model using support vector machines and input Kaguya Multiband Imager data to estimate oxide concentrations in the Balmer-Kapteyn region. We used the Chandrayaan-1 Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) to analyze the minerals. We improved the cryptomare identification model to increase the accuracy of basalt identification in the cryptomare region. Finally, we used three methods to estimate the ejecta thickness of the target basin to the Balmer-Kapteyn region.

Results.New Al2O3, CaO, FeO, MgO, and TiO2maps were generated using the Kaguya Multiband Imager and a novel machine-learning model. As a result, the extent of the cryptomare in the Balmer-Kapteyn region was redefined and the formation process of the cryptomare in the Balmer-Kapteyn region was divided into five formation stages: Balmer basin formation, ejecta coverage from the Pre-Nectarian and Nectarian large impact basins, mare basalt filling, ejecta secondary coverage of high-albedo materials, and exposure of mare basalts.

Conclusions.We found that the bottom of the Crater Vendelinus is likely to hide ancient mare basalt. Moreover, the high-aluminum mare basalt of the cryptomare is different from the composition of the exposed mare basalts in Mare Fecunditatis and Crater Vendelinus. The high-albedo material covering the cryptomare in the Balmer-Kapteyn region could have come from the Langrenus, Petavius, Humboldt, La Perouse, and Ansgarius Craters, along with some from the Orientale Basin impact event or potentially from the Imbrium Basin impact event.