bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving uptake of lung cancer screening: an observational study on the impact of timed appointments and reminders
Authors: Bhamani Amyn , Naidu Sindhu Bhaarrati , Patrick Tanya , Anandan Lavanya , Desai Kiran , Bojang Fanta , Verghese Priyam , Robinson Paul , Patel Shivani , Thakrar Ricky , Nair Arjun , Navani Neal , Janes Sam M
Published: February 2025

Lung cancer screening (LCS) reduces lung cancer-related mortality; however, uptake remains low compared with other cancer screening programmes. In this observational study, we report the impact of timed appointments and reminders on participation in our regional LCS programme.

Initial uptake of timed appointments was 53.0% (n=17 274/32 593), higher than previously reported in the UK, while initial uptake of open invitations was 29.8% (n=10 246/34 371). Among initial non-responders, 17.5% (n=4263/24 400) completed triage following a reminder. The increased participation following reminders only partially offset the significant difference in initial uptake between the two appointment types.

Timed appointments and reminders are strongly advocated to increase participation in national LCS programmes.
Can Q-balls describe cosmological and galactic dark matter?
Authors: Mandal Susobhan , Shankaranarayanan S.
Published: February 2025

The Cold Dark Matter (CDM) hypothesis accurately predicts large-scale structure formation and fits the Cosmic Microwave Background temperature fluctuations (CMB). However, observations of the inner regions of dark matter halos and dwarf galaxy satellites have consistently posed challenges to CDM. On the other hand, the Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) hypothesis can explain galactic phenomena but fails to account for the complex shape of the CMB and matter power spectra. CDM and MOND are effective in nearly mutually exclusive regimes, prompting the question: is there a physical mechanism where CDM and MOND share a common origin? Q-balls, which are localized, non-topological solitons, can be a bridge between the two hypotheses. Q-balls formed in the early Universe can mimic CDM at cosmological scales. Interestingly, Q-balls can exhibit MOND-like behavior in the late Universe at galactic scales, providing a unified framework. Specifically, we demonstrate that millicharged composite Q-balls formed from complex scalar fields, decoupled from the background radiation, can naturally arise during the radiation-dominated epoch. From the matter-radiation equality, we also obtain the mass of Q-balls to be 1 eV, which are much smaller than the electron mass. Using the constraints from the invisible decay mode of ortho-positronium, we obtain

$$Q < 3.4 \times 10^{-5}$$

Q
<
3.4
×

10

-
5

. We also establish an upper bound on the number density of Q-balls, which depends on the charge of the Q-ball and the small initial charge asymmetry. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the MOND naturally emerges at the galactic scale within the framework of our Q-ball model.
Effective Treatment of Disseminated Prostate Cancer Using CD46-Targeted 225Ac Therapy
Authors: Bidkar Anil P. , Peter Robin , Wadhwa Anju , Bobba Kondapa Naidu. , Bidlingmaier Scott , Meher Niranjan , Chou Jonathan , Greenland Nancy , Dasari Chandrashekhar , Naik Shubhankar , Raveendran Athira , Basak Megha , Camara Serrano Juan Antonio , Steri Veronica , Kogan Scott , Oskowitz Adam , He Jiang , Wilson David M. , Aggarwal Rahul , Sriram Renuka , VanBrocklin Henry F. , Seo Youngho , Liu Bin , Flavell Robert R.
Published: February 2025

Purpose: Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) has limited treatment options and a poor prognosis. Recently, PSMA-targeted alpha particle therapy agents using Actinium-225 (225Ac) have shown promising results for prostate cancer treatment, but a significant fraction of patients with advanced mCRPC demonstrate loss of PSMA expression. We have previously reported that PSMA-null and PSMA-positive tumors can be detected and treated effectively with CD46-targeted radiopharmaceuticals. This study evaluates the CD46-targeting PET imaging agent [89Zr]DFO-YS5 and the radioimmunotherapy agent [225Ac]Macropa-PEG4-YS5 in disseminated prostate cancer tumors. Experimental Design: Microtumor lesions, primarily observed in the liver, kidneys, and lungs, were successfully detected with [89Zr]DFO-YS5 PET imaging. We used disseminated 22Rv1 tumors for biodistribution studies, dosimetry assessments, and therapeutic efficacy evaluations of [225Ac]Macropa-PEG4-YS5. Results: Quantitative digital alpha-particle autoradiography revealed high radiation dose deposition from [225Ac]Macropa-PEG4-YS5 in microtumors compared to surrounding liver tissues, although in larger lesions (>1 mm diameter) the dose distribution was heterogeneous. Early treatment of smaller disseminated tumors with uniform radiation dose was more effective in ablating tumors and promoting survival. In late-stage lesions of large size, heterogeneous dose deposition limited therapeutic efficacy, requiring higher administered activity to achieve a complete response. Conclusions: Our findings highlight that [225Ac]Macropa-PEG4-YS5 holds the potential for clinical translation for metastatic prostate cancer and reinforces the value of microdosimetry in understanding the efficacy of and resistance to targeted alpha therapy.
Epigenetic dysregulation of retrotransposons in cancer
Authors: Leung Danny , Liu Kwok Yu
Published: February 2025

Approximately 97% of the human genome comprises non-coding sequences, with nearly half originating from transposable elements. Among these, retrotransposons represent a critical subclass that replicates via a "copy-and-paste" mechanism and significantly influences the regulation of host genomes. In both normal and pathological contexts, retrotransposons contribute a vast reservoir of regulatory elements that can modulate the expression of genes. If left unchecked, retrotransposons can substantially affect host transcriptional programs and genomic integrity. Therefore, various mechanisms, including epigenetic modifications, are employed to mitigate their potentially deleterious effects. In diseases such as cancers, the epigenome is often significantly reprogrammed, which can lead to retrotransposon dysregulation. Drawing insights from recent studies conducted in human and murine cells, this review examines how retrotransposons expand the complexity of mammalian genomes, describes the impact of their epigenetic dysregulation in cancer development, and highlights the potential of targeting these sequences for therapeutic strategies.
The Germline and Somatic Origins of Prostate Cancer Heterogeneity
Authors: Yamaguchi Takafumi N. , Houlahan Kathleen E. , Zhu Helen , Kurganovs Natalie , Livingstone Julie , Fox Natalie S. , Yuan Jiapei , Sietsma Penington Jocelyn , Jung Chol-Hee , Schwarz Tommer , Jaratlerdsiri Weerachai , van Riet Job , Georgeson Peter , Mangiola Stefano , Taraszka Kodi , Lesurf Robert , Jiang Jue , Chow Ken , Heisler Lawrence E. , Shiah Yu-Jia , Ramanand Susmita G. , Clarkson Michael J. , Nguyen Anne , Espiritu Shadrielle Melijah G. , Stuchbery Ryan , Jovelin Richard , Huang Vincent , Bell Connor , O'Connor Edward , McCoy Patrick J. , Lalansingh Christopher M. , Cmero Marek , Salcedo Adriana , Chan Eva K.F. , Liu Lydia Y. , Stricker Phillip D. , Bhandari Vinayak , Bornman Riana M.S. , Sendorek Dorota HS. , Lonie Andrew , Prokopec Stephenie D. , Fraser Michael , Peters Justin S. , Foucal Adrien , Mutambirwa Shingai B A. , Mcintosh Lachlan , Orain Michèle , Wakefield Matthew , Picard Valérie , Park Daniel J. , Hovington Hélène , Kerger Michael , Bergeron Alain , Sabelnykova Veronica , Seo Ji-Heui , Pomerantz Mark M. , Zaitlen Noah , Waszak Sebastian M. , Gusev Alexander , Lacombe Louis , Fradet Yves , Ryan Andrew , Kishan Amar U. , Lolkema Martijn P. , Weischenfeldt Joachim , Têtu Bernard , Costello Anthony J. , Hayes Vanessa M. , Hung Rayjean J. , He Housheng H. , McPherson John D. , Pasaniuc Bogdan , van der Kwast Theodorus , Papenfuss Anthony T. , Freedman Matthew L. , Pope Bernard J. , Bristow Robert G. , Mani Ram S. , Corcoran Niall M. , Reimand Jüri , Hovens Christopher M. , Boutros Paul C.
Published: February 2025

Newly diagnosed prostate cancers differ dramatically in mutational composition and lethality. The most accurate clinical predictor of lethality is tumor tissue architecture, quantified as tumor grade. To interrogate the evolutionary origins of prostate cancer heterogeneity, we analyzed 666 prostate tumor whole genomes. We identified a compendium of 223 recurrently mutated driver regions, most influencing downstream mutational processes and gene expression. We identified and validated individual germline variants that predispose tumors to acquire specific somatic driver mutations: these explain heterogeneity in disease presentation and ancestry differences. High-grade tumors have a superset of the drivers in lower-grade tumors, including increased frequency of BRCA2 and MYC mutations. Grade-associated driver mutations occur early in tumor evolution, and their earlier occurrence strongly predicts cancer relapse and metastasis. Our data suggest high- and low-grade prostate tumors both emerge from a common pre-malignant field, influenced by germline genomic context and stochastic mutation-timing.
Arginine Methylation by PRMT1 Affects ADAMTS13 Secretion and Enzymatic Activity
Authors: Liu Szumam , Ma Min , Qu Jun , Muia Joshua , Wu Zhijian , Bonnez Quintijn , Vanhoorelbeke Karen , Zheng Liang , Zhao Xinyang , Zheng X. Long
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 repeats, 13), primarily synthesized in hepatic stellate and endothelial cells, plays a pivotal role in the regulation of hemostasis by proteolytic cleavage of von Willebrand factor. Severe deficiency of plasma ADAMTS13 activity may result in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, a potentially fatal blood disorder. ADAMTS13 undergoes posttranslational modifications including glycosylation, citrullination, oxidation. The present study determines the impact of arginine methylation by PRMT1 (protein arginine methyltransferase 1) on ADAMTS13 secretion and function.

METHODS:

Cell culture, recombinant protein, biochemical analysis, site-directed mutagenesis, and animal models were utilized.

RESULTS:

An inhibition of arginine methylation by a PRMT inhibitor (a type I methyl transferase inhibitor, MS023) in human embryonic kidney 293 cells expressing recombinant ADAMTS13 and mice results in a significant reduction of ADAMTS13 secretion, but the secreted ADAMTS13 shows an increased specific activity; conversely, overexpression of PRMT1 in human embryonic kidney 293 cells and mice results in an increase of ADAMTS13 secretion, but the secreted ADAMTS13 exhibits a significantly reduced proteolytic activity. The altered ADAMTS13 activity appeared to be related to its conformational changes. LC-MS/MS identified >100 arginine methylation events on recombinant ADAMTS13. Site-directed mutagenesis of 5 highly conserved methylation sites (R193, R498, R692, R1123, and R1206) identifies the critical role of R1206 in ADAMTS13 function. The R1206K variant exhibits a 4- to 5-fold increase of ADAMTS13 activity, likely resulting from an alleviation of allosteric inhibition.

CONCLUSIONS:

These results demonstrate the crucial role of arginine methylation on ADAMTS13 secretion and activity. Our findings may shed new light on the mechanism of allosteric regulation of ADAMTS13, which may have a therapeutic implication.
Novel Directly Reprogrammed Smooth Muscle Cells Promote Vascular Regeneration as Microvascular Mural Cells
Authors: Jung Cholomi , Han Ji Woong , Lee Shin-Jeong , Kim Kyung Hee , Oh Jee Eun , Bae Seongho , Lee Sangho , Nam Young-Jae , Kim Sangsung , Dang Chaewon , Kim Jaehyun , Chu Nakhyung , Lee Eun Jig , Yoon Young-sup
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

Although cell therapy has emerged as a promising approach to promote neovascularization, its effects are mostly limited to capillaries. To generate larger or stable vessels, layering of mural cells such as smooth muscle cells (SMCs) or pericytes is required. Recently, direct reprogramming approaches have been developed for generating SMCs. However, such reprogrammed SMCs lack genuine features of contractile SMCs, a native SMC phenotype; thus, their therapeutic and vessel-forming potential in vivo was not explored. Therefore, we aimed to directly reprogram human dermal fibroblasts toward contractile SMCs (rSMCs) and investigated their role for generating vascular mural cells in vivo and their therapeutic effects on ischemic disease.

METHODS:

We applied myocardin and all-
trans
retinoic acid with specific culture conditions to directly reprogram human dermal fibroblasts into rSMCs. We characterized their phenotype as contractile SMCs through quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, and immunostaining. We then explored their contractility using a vasoconstrictor, carbachol, and through transmission electron microscope and bulk RNA sequencing. Next, we evaluated whether transplantation of rSMCs improves blood flow and induces vessel formation as mural cells in a mouse model of hind-limb ischemia with laser Doppler perfusion imaging and histological analysis. We also determined their paracrine effects.

RESULTS:

Our novel culture conditions using myocardin and all-
trans
retinoic acid efficiently reprogrammed human dermal fibroblasts into SMCs. These rSMCs displayed characteristics of contractile SMCs at the mRNA, protein, and cellular levels. Transplantation of rSMCs into ischemic mouse hind limbs enhanced blood flow recovery and vascular repair and improved limb salvage. Histological examination showed that vascular density was increased and the engrafted rSMCs were incorporated into the vascular wall as pericytes and vascular SMCs, thereby contributing to formation of stabler and larger microvessels. Quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that these transplanted rSMCs exerted pleiotropic effects, including angiogenic, arteriogenic, vessel-stabilizing, and tissue regenerative effects, on ischemic limbs.

CONCLUSIONS:

A combination of myocardin and all-
trans
retinoic acid in defined culture conditions efficiently reprogrammed human fibroblasts into contractile and functional SMCs. The rSMCs were shown to be effective for vascular repair and contributed to neovascularization through mural cells and various paracrine effects. These human rSMCs could represent a novel source for cell-based therapy and research.
First Georissidae (Coleoptera) from the Philippines with description of two new species of Georissus Latreille, 1809
Authors: Ibarra John Windale B. , Bantiding Fernan Joseph A. , Delocado Emmanuel D.
Published: February 2025

This paper describes the first two Georissus species in the Philippines, namely G. fikaceki sp. n. from Luzon (Ilocos Norte, La Union) and G. tsokolate sp. n. from Bohol. The new species can be differentiated morphologically from their congeners due to the patterns of bulges and ridges near the frons, microsculptures on the pronotum, elevations formed by intervals in the elytra, and aedeagal details. Close examination of morphology suggests that the Philippine species cannot be assigned to any of the currently acknowledged Georissus subgenera, and thus this study suggests revisions and updating of the current subgeneric classification. Corroborating the morphological differences, COI-5′ DNA data shows a high interspecific genetic distance of 17.75% between the two new species and intraspecific distances <3% for both species. This paper also generates the first barcodes and a checklist of Georissus in Southeast Asia.
Interview: Breaking the Monolith of Russian-Language Culture
Authors: Rulyova Natasha , Ismailov Hamid
Published: February 2025

Hamid Ismailov is a prolific multilingual author, having written articles, stories, books of poetry and many novels in Russian, Uzbek, and English. He translated Uzbek classics into Russian, and Western and Russian literature into Uzbek. He also worked from Farsi into Russian. He was born into an Uzbek family in Tokmok, Kyrgyzstan, in 1954. He was educated in a Soviet secondary school and then military college. As a child, he read classical poetry and One Thousand and One Nights to his grandmother, who brought him up from the age of twelve. As an adult, Ismailov lived in Tashkent and then in Moscow where he championed Uzbek literature for the Writers Union. In 1992, he was forced to leave Uzbekistan because his poetry was found to be too “decadent,” but he later returned. In 2017, he was deported from Tashkent airport. His novels are still banned in Uzbekistan. After moving to western Europe, he lived in France for a short period of time and then moved to England where he worked at the bbc for twenty-five years. He was the first bbc Central Asia correspondent. In May 2010, he was appointed bbc World Service Writer-in-Residence and continued in this position until 2014. He currently lives in Prague.

Natasha Rulyova studied Joseph Brodsky’s bilingualism and self-translation. She is now working on a project on Russophone Literary Diversity. She discusses with Ismailov his literary multilingualism, translation, postcolonial writers’ stereoscopic vision and his mission to diversify Russian-language culture. This written interview is based on Rulyova’s conversation with Ismailov, which took place online in English as part of the series “Natasha Rulyova’s Conversations with Russophone Authors,” co-organized with Pushkin House, London, on October 24, 2023 (available on the Pushkin House YouTube channel at www.youtube.com/watch?v=YXZSGoEx03U).
Inquiring Artlessly: Encounter(ing)s With Monstrous Materialities From/Through the Threshold
Authors: Varga Bretton A. , Franklin-Phipps Asilia
Published: February 2025

This article takes up the suggestion of artless inquiry as an extension for artful ways of doing, thinking, and be(com)ing. Specifically, each author/artist used discarded items—materialities we position as monstrous—to visually articulate how/what artless inquiry produces in the context of (post)qualitative research. Drawing inspiration from artists Mierle Laderman Ukeles, Theaster Gates, Yam Chew Oh, and Shani Nottingham, each work of art(less/ful-ness) is then leveraged into three stories that entangle theory, materiality, and spatiality with our own (individual/collective) thoughts and perspectives on how monstrous materialities impact the more-than-human world and those trying to make sense of it through inquiry.
Multi-task intent recommendation based on dynamic and static intent integration and disentanglement
Authors: Huang Xiao , Zhang Xianyi , Huang Tao , Liu Lin , Wen Junhao
Published: February 2025

Recommender systems that mine users’ intentions to explore their potential interaction preferences have received increasing attention. However, the existing research on intent recommendation has some limitations. On one hand, the extant studies only consider users’ historical interaction information and the sparse interactions cannot reflect users’ potential interaction intention; on the other hand, they do not consider the changes in users’ kinematic and static intentions over time and the importance of users’ intention disentanglement representation, which makes it impossible for the general intention recommendation model to obtain a better representation of the intention. We propose a multitask recommendation model with dynamic and static intent integration and de-entanglement. The model mines users’ dynamic and static intents and then combines them with regularization to model the independence of the intents, encouraging the differences between the intents. Meanwhile, to further alleviate the data sparsity problem, this study additionally constructs user–user and item–item graphs using four different similarity measures, such as cosine similarity and mutual information, applies graph convolutional networks to learn about the three graphs, and then captures the complementarity between different graphs using a graph-level cross-attention mechanism. Extensive comparative experiments and ablation studies on three public datasets demonstrate that DSI-ID consistently outperforms all baseline methods, achieving a 3.5%–7.4% improvement in recommendation performance over the best baseline.
A Cardiocraniofacial Syndrome Associated With a Novel Missense Variant in GATA6: A Fetal Case Report
Authors: Darouich Sihem , Darouich Samia , Gtari Dorsaf , Bellamine Houda
Published: February 2025

Hypoplastic right heart syndrome (HRHS) is an uncommon congenital cardiac defect, characterized by variable underdevelopment of the right-sided heart structures. We report on a case of HRHS in a 25-week female fetus. Prenatal karyotype was normal. Autopsy performed following pregnancy termination demonstrated characteristic craniofacial dysmorphism and complex congenital heart disease encompassing severe hypoplasia of the right ventricle, main pulmonary artery and tricuspid valve, ostium secundum atrial septal defect, and ductus arteriosus agenesis. Macroscopic and histologic examinations of the brain and organs were unremarkable. Post-mortem array CGH didn’t detect any unbalanced chromosomal abnormalities. Exome and Sanger sequencing revealed a novel de novo heterozygous missense variant in GATA6 (NM_005257.6:c.1385A>G) which is located in the hotspot exon 4 encoding the highly conserved C-terminal zinc finger domain. This report ascertains that GATA6 haploinsufficiency may cause a cardiocraniofacial syndrome consisting of distinctive craniofacial dysmorphism and HRHS.
Integrative subjective well-being in tourism
Authors: Qu Ying , Zhou Shuyi , Zhang Qiaojin
Published: February 2025

Subjective well-being (SWB) is integrative, but supporters of authentic happiness have criticized it as overemphasizing emotions and difficult to interpret eudaemonic well-being. The primary reason is that the theoretical basis of emotional perspective has not been fully considered, resulting in several research gaps. This study aims to provide evidence for integrative SWB and fills the research gaps by analyzing the antecedent appraisal mechanisms leading to ultimate happiness in tourism using qualitative grounded theory. The following results are observed. (1) The appraisal leading to ultimate emotional happiness involves eudaemonic well-being. (2) The dominant factors include attention activation, interestingness, goal relevance, goal realization, and group attribution, and the antecedent feeling is flow experience. This study is innovative because it verifies the existence of integrated SWB in tourism, provides a rigorous application of the appraisal theory in tourism, and is the first study considering the appraisal of a time-specific and retrospective tourism emotion.
Revisiting short finger and cleft type symbrachydactyly subtype differentiation utilizing the congenital upper limb differences (CoULD) registry
Authors: Landes Emma , Goldfarb Charles A. , James Michelle , Bohn Deborah , Bauer Andrea , Wall Lindley B. ,   CoULD Study Group
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this investigation was to investigate short finger and cleft type symbrachydactyly to identify the defining features of these two subtypes. This retrospective study extracted data from the Congenital Upper Limb Differences (CoULD) Registry. Five paediatric hand surgeons reviewed photographs and radiographic imaging to evaluate the characteristics of each subtype and the reliability of diagnosis and evaluated the recorded diagnosis in the registry. Final analysis included 50 short finger and 54 cleft type symbrachydactyly. Key characteristic patterns were identified for each type, with further subdivision of subtypes with notable hypoplasia of the index or ring fingers or all digits. Consensus was obtained (inter-rater reliability 78%) and reliably applied for these unique subclassifications. While no clear trend in increasing severity was identified for these two subgroups of symbrachydactyly, this re-classification exercise provides clearer definition of the different subtypes and may give insight into the developmental biology of these conditions, predict future clinical function and guide surgical outcomes.

Level of evidence: IV
Housing Status and Healthcare Utilization in People Presenting With Seizure
Authors: Mullady Sandeepa S. , Wood Andrew J. , Guterman Elan L. , Rosendale Nicole
Published: February 2025

Objective

To examine the association between housing status and healthcare utilization in individuals presenting with seizure.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of all adults (age >18) presenting to a public hospital emergency department with seizures, defined by ICD-9/10 codes, between 1/1/2016 and 8/03/2019. They were categorized by housing status (people experiencing homelessness [PEH], people with housing). Healthcare utilization outcomes were 30-day re-visit to acute care, discharge disposition, and hospital length of stay for those admitted. We used multivariable linear and logistic regression models adjusting for age, comorbidities, and insurance status.

Results

There were 6483 individuals (2092 [32.3%] PEH). Compared to people with housing, PEH were younger (48.2 vs 50.9, P < .0001), more likely to be a person of color (80.9 vs 75.1%, P < .0001), and have Medicaid (51.4% vs 42.9%, P < .0001). People with housing had a higher prevalence of admission to the intensive care unit (3.6% vs 1.8%, P < .0001). After adjustment, admitted PEH had higher odds of 30-day re-visit (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.58, 2.21), shorter length of stay (coef Β-12.87, 95% CI: −22.62, −3.11), and lower odds of being discharged to a facility (aOR 0.37, 95% CI: .26, .55) compared to people with housing.

Conclusion and Relevance

PEH with seizures had increased healthcare utilization. Further analysis, including imaging findings, anti-seizure medications prescribed, and presumed etiology, is needed to understand the drivers of healthcare utilization and identify appropriate interventions.
Fatigue in multiple sclerosis: A scoping review of pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions
Authors: Diaz-Quiroz Mateo , Chicue-Cuervo Paula Catalina , Garcia-Moreno Luna , Gaviria-Carrillo Mariana , Talero-Gutierrez Claudia , Palacios-Espinosa Ximena
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Fatigue is a highly prevalent symptom in people with multiple sclerosis. It demands careful assessment and prompt intervention to improve their quality of life and overall burden of disease. This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive synthesis and update of the existing evidence on the effectiveness of different pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions for multiple sclerosis (MS)-related fatigue.

Methods

To ensure the transparency and quality of the articles chosen for this scoping review, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Protocols extension for Scoping Reviews was used. Exclusively randomized controlled trials published between 2016 and 2023 were included.

Results

Twenty-eight articles were analyzed. We found that pharmacological interventions are few and have included the use of Amantadine, Ondansetron, Methylphenidate, and Modafinil, with little effects on fatigue. Nonpharmacological interventions are diverse and include cognitive behavioral therapy, guided imagery, phototherapy, exercise, brain stimulation, and lavender administration with evidence of a statistically significant decrease in fatigue.

Conclusions and Discussion

Current evidence on the effectiveness of pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions is inconclusive. Lack of knowledge of the pathophysiology of fatigue limits its prevention, control, and management recommendations. A comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach is required to manage this symptom in patients with MS.
The influence of strategic foresight on quality of healthcare services in the presence of artificial intelligence solutions in Jordan
Authors: Alajrab Salma Sami , Oweidat Islam Ali , Nassar Omaima , ALBashtawy Mohammed , Nashwan Abdulqadir J.
Published: February 2025

Background

Healthcare organizations are distinguished by intricate systems that undergo continual modifications and unpredictability. This greatly hinders the ability to estimate the exact consequences of any changes accurately. Therefore, scholars prove that strategic foresight enables leaders to anticipate future challenges and possibilities. The utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) in management is on the rise, mostly because of its ability to provide intelligent services, reduce medical errors, and improve operational efficiency.

Purpose

To examine the impact of strategic foresight on the quality of healthcare services provided by Jordanian nurses in the context of AI solutions in governmental hospitals.

Method

A cross-sectional descriptive correlational analysis was conducted. A convenience sampling approach was used in the four selected Jordanian governmental hospitals. The study’s target population consisted of nurses. Over three weeks between January and February 2024, 240 self-reported questionnaires were received using a five-point Likert scale, with a response rate of 88.9%. The completed surveys were suitable for analysis using AMOS SPSS v. 26 and SPSS.

Results

Simple linear regression and (Pearson’s r) test results showed that (R = .279, R square = 0.078) between strategic foresight and the quality of healthcare services. (R = .543, R square = 0.295) between strategic foresight and the adoption of AI-based solutions. And (R = .432, R square = 0.187) between adopting AI-based solutions and the quality of healthcare services. That reveals a statistically significant, positive correlation coefficient relationship between the variables. In the presence of the mediator, the direct relationship between strategic foresight and healthcare service quality was not statistically significant (b = 0.063, p = .398). The path analysis test indicates a linear relationship between the variables sequentially, and the AI-based solutions completely mediate the relationship between strategic foresight and the quality of healthcare services.

Conclusions

A positive and significant correlation between the variables suggests that a simulation-proposed model for a healthcare quality forecasting system, which the researcher built and included in the study recommendations, has to be designed. Therefore, AI-based forecasting systems should incorporate health service quality parameters to facilitate high efficiency and prompt patient demand fulfillment.
The effect of parental psychological flexibility on children’s behavioral problems: a moderated mediation model
Authors: Wang Jia , Liu Ru-De , Lin Jingmin
Published: February 2025

Background

Building upon previous research suggesting that parental psychological flexibility is negatively associate with children’s behavioral problems, this study examined a moderated mediation model to explore the effect of parental psychological flexibility on children’s internalizing and externalizing problems. Specifically, parent-child conflict is considered as a mediator while parental phubbing is examined as a moderator.

Methods

This study employed a cross-sectional design, with a total of 1060 parents of preschool-aged children participating. The parents completed a series of surveys, including the Parental Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire, the short form of the Child–Parent Relationship Scale, the Parental Phubbing Scale, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire regarding their children. The moderated mediation model was assessed using SPSS PROCESS 4.1.

Results

The results indicated that parental psychological flexibility negatively predicted children’s behavioral problems through the mediating effect of parent-child conflict, with this relationship being moderated by parental phubbing; an increase in phubbing weakened the negative correlation between parental psychological flexibility and parent-child conflict, thereby further weakened the negative correlation between parental psychological flexibility and children’s behavioral problems.

Conclusion

These findings offer potential strategies for parents to mitigate the risk of their children developing internalizing or externalizing problems, by enhancing parental psychological flexibility and reducing instances of phubbing behavior.
Mediating role of Social Support and Self-efficacy on Academic stress and Student’s Psychological well-being among University Students in Mogadishu -Somalia.
Authors: Dahir Mohamed Ali , Jeilani Abdulkadir
Published: February 2025

Background Academic stress is a significant factor affecting students’ psychological well-being, particularly in higher education. Understanding the mediating roles of social support and self-efficacy can provide insights into how these factors influence students’ psychological well-being in public and private universities. Methods The study examined the mediating roles of social support and self-efficacy in the relationship between academic stress and psychological well-being among university students in Mogadishu, Somalia. Utilizing a stratified sampling technique, data were collected from 663 students across public (52.6%) and private (47.4%) universities through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using path analysis to assess direct and indirect effects. Structural equation modeling technique was used for data analysis. Results The analysis revealed a significant direct effect of academic stress on psychological well-being (β = 0.087, p = 0.001). Social support was significantly related to Academic stress (β = 0.117, p = 0.031) and self-efficacy (β =0.088, p = 0.021). However, both social support (β = 0.099, p = 0.000) and self-efficacy (β = 0.646, p = 0.000) were significantly related to psychological well-being. The mediating analysis showed that social support partially mediated the relationship between academic stress and psychological well-being (Indirect effect = 0.012, CI [0.002, 0.024], p = 0.000), while self-efficacy did not mediate this relationship (Indirect effect = 0.057, CI [0.006, 0.111], p = 0.068). Conclusions The findings suggest a significant positive impact of academic stress on psychological well-being, while social support partially mediates this relationship, highlighting its buffering role. Conversely, self-efficacy, although positively contributing to psychological well-being, does not mediate the effect of academic stress. These results underscore the importance of robust social support systems and targeted interventions to enhance students’ coping mechanisms and overall psychological well-being. Study limitations and implication are discussed.
Modeling of photoelectric characteristics and development of structures for solar cells based on CsPbI3 and CsPbBr3
Authors: Degterev Aleksandr E. , Tarasov Aleksandr S. , Degtereva Mariya M. , Pavlova Marina D. , Khorshev Nikita A. , Mikhailov Ivan I. , Lamkin Ivan A. , Tarasov Sergey A.
Published: February 2025

Subject of study. Solar cells based on CsPbI3 and CsPbBr3 photosensitive inorganic perovskites are investigated. Aim of study. The study aimed to simulate and fabricate inorganic perovskite solar cells based on CsPbI3 and CsPbBr3. Method. A theoretical study was conducted using the open-source AFORS-HET program, which is designed for one-dimensional modeling of solar cells and other optoelectronic devices. During the fabrication of the structures, various equipment, including an EZ4 spin coater for thin film and photoresist deposition, ULAB US-1500D heated laboratory magnetic stirrers, and a vacuum thermal deposition station, was employed. Main results. Solar cells based on CsPbI3 and CsPbBr3 photosensitive inorganic perovskites were simulated using the AFORS-HET software. The primary photovoltaic cell parameters, including the fill factor, short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, and efficiency, were estimated. A theoretical analysis was performed to identify the factors and defects in the perovskite films affecting the solar cells’ performance. Based on the simulation results, photosensitive structures using CsPbI3 were fabricated and characterized. Practical significance. The studied solar cells based on CsPbI3 and CsPbBr3 exhibit potential as efficient solar-to-electrical energy converters.
Hexagons all the way down: grid cells as a conformal isometric map of
space
Authors: Schøyen Vemund Sigmundson , Beshkov Kosio , Pettersen Markus Borud , Hermansen Erik , Holzhausen Konstantin , Malthe-Sørenssen Anders , Fyhn Marianne , Lepperød Mikkel Elle
Published: February 2025

Grid cells in the entorhinal cortex are known for their hexagonal spatial activity patterns and are thought to provide a neural metric for space, and support path integration. In this study, we further investigate grid cells as a metric of space by optimising them for a conformal isometric (CI) map of space using a model based on a superposition of plane waves. By optimising the phases within a single grid cell module, we find that the module can form a CI of two-dimensional flat space with phases arranging into a regular hexagonal pattern, supporting an accurate spatial metric. Additionally, we find that experimentally recorded grid cells exhibit CI properties, with one example module showing a phase arrangement similar to the hexagonal pattern observed in our model. These findings provide computational and preliminary experimental support for grid cells as a CI-based spatial representation. We also examine other properties that emerge in CI-optimised modules, including consistent energy expenditure across space and the minimal cell count required to support unique representation of space and maximally topologically persistent toroidal population activity. Altogether, our results suggest that grid cells are well-suited to form a CI map, with several beneficial properties arising from this organisation.
From invention to progress: Energy technology innovation and sustainable development in OECD economies
Authors: Khan Khatib Ahmad , Ahmad Waheed , Zubair Azeem Oluwaseyi , Subhan Mohammad , Shah Muhammad Ibrahim
Published: February 2025

In the era of Industry 4.0, the advancement in energy technology has taken centre stage to mitigate climate change and promote sustainable development. Ever since the adoption of the United Nations SDGs in 2015, different regions and countries have been moving to achieve these targets by implementing various mechanisms. The OECD is one such region where aggressive funding towards equipment with high energy efficiency and the advancement of technologies for producing and consuming renewable energy are provided to advance towards sustainable development. Given the economic significance of the aforementioned countries, this study evaluates the influence of energy technology innovation on sustainable development in OECD countries. Our research focuses on energy technology innovation, which we measure through the energy technology R&D budget. In addition to energy technology innovation, we consider several other control variables such as state fragility index, financial development and foreign direct investment. In order to achieve the aforementioned goal, we utilize advanced econometric modelling methods of the second generation. These techniques encompass a CSD test, unit root tests, cointegration test, and CS-ARDL model. The result from CS-ARDL suggests that energy technology innovation enhances sustainable development in the short and long run. State fragility is shown to influence sustainable development negatively and significantly. The role of financial development as well as foreign direct investment, is found to be favourable for sustainable development. Based on the outcome, it is recommended that countries of this region significantly increase investment in energy technology, enhance financial development and encourage foreign direct investment along with tackling the fragility of these nations to boost sustainable development.
Experimental study on the shear creep behavior of residual soil with varying rock content
Authors: Wang Chuang , Dong Jinyu , Qi Shengwen , Zhao Jiancang , Xue Lei , Fan Dengpo
Published: February 2025

Using residual soil from the Shanghecun landslide in the western Henan Province, shear creep tests of residual soil samples with different rock contents (RCs) were performed to explore the creep characteristics, creep rate, and long-term strength of the residual soil. The test results indicate that the residual soil samples with different RCs display typical creep characteristics. With increasing RC, both the instantaneous deformation and the total creep deformation of the residual soil gradually decrease. The shear strain of the residual soil increases gradually with increasing shear stress for the different RCs. With increasing time, the slope of the isochronous stress–strain curves of the residual soil samples with different RCs increases gradually. The Burgers model can simulate the rheological process of the residual soil samples with different RCs. The RC has a significant effect on the shear strength and the long-term strength of the residual soil. With increasing RC, the shear strength and the long-term strength of the residual soil gradually increase, with the long-term strength being approximately 39%–63% of the shear strength.
Optimizing in-store warehouse safety: A DEMATEL approach to comprehensive risk assessment
Authors: Esmaeili Sayed Vahid , Alboghobeish Ali , Yazdani Hosein , Ghasemi Koozekonan Aysa , Pouyakian Mostafa
Published: February 2025

Introduction

In-store warehouses can be a dangerous place due to the storage of a high volume of diverse life goods which may raise the total risk of warehouse. The turnover of goods in this kind of warehouse is very high. Therefore, safety risk is a multi-criteria problem and risk assessment of a such dynamic place needs an accurate and simple method to use. This study was conducted to design and validation of a method for risk assessment of in-store warehouses using the DEMATEL method.

Materials & methods

This cross-sectional descriptive analytical study was conducted between 2015 to 2016. First, a preliminary questionnaire was prepared by reviewing the available studies and documents. After assigning the group of experts and validating the questionnaire base on the content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR), the weight of each of the parameters affecting the safety of the warehouse was determined. Then, the risk calculation model was developed. This model was validated using the failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) method and Bland-Altman statistical method. Finally, to simplify the use of the developed risk assessment method, the algorithm of the model was also created.

Results

The results showed that 21 factors are among the main factors affecting the safety of the in-store warehouse, among which the "igniting and explosive property of the goods" factor had the most impact and the "warehouse working hours" factor had the least impact. The results achieved from the designed model were consistent with the FMEA method.

Conclusion

Based on the results, the newly designed risk assessment method can analyze the risks in the in-store warehouses faster and more accurately than the existing methods.
Decomposition of scientific communication
Authors: Kuznetsov Vladimir
Published: February 2025

As a social activity, the sciences are only possible through communication among scientists themselves and between scientists and society. The article analyses natural, biological, social and ideological prerequisites of scientific communication (SC) as an ensemble of interrelated acts of scientific information exchange. A taxonomy of professional networks as a medium for SC is proposed. The need for a permanent struggle for the preservation and development of the values of both a free society and science is emphasized.
Flexural behavior of sustainable high volume fly ash in (HVFA) reinforced concrete beam
Authors: Natarajan Ram Ganesh , Shanmugamoorthy Senthilkumar , Veerasamy Senthilkumar , John Amirtharaj
Published: February 2025

Utilizing a high volume of fly ash as a replacement to cement in concrete is not widely practiced because of less strength gain in the earlier days. The fly ash at a replacement rate of 50 % was used in the C25/30 grade concrete to develop the sustainable HVFA concrete. The addition of 50 % of fly ash in the concrete reduces the heat increase and embodied energy with enhanced mechanical properties and structural behavior. The load carrying capacity of the beam was increased by 57 % at 7 days, along with 53 % reduction in ultimate deflection with the addition of only 2.5 % of accelerator.
Epiphytic and endophytic bacteria for the control of Botrytis cinerea in vitro and in grape berries of cv. sauvignon blanc in southern Brazil
Authors: Herpich Claudemar Helmuth , Welter  Leocir José , Botelho Glória Regina , Silva Fábio Nascimento da , Casa Ricardo Trezzi , Bogo Amauri
Published: February 2025

Botrytis bunch rot (BBR) in grapevines caused by Botrytis cinerea is a pre- and post-harvest disease that leads to significant losses in southern Brazil. This study aimed to assess the potential of epiphytic and endophytic bacteria to control B. cinerea in vitro and in vivo in the cv. Sauvignon Blanc (SB). B. cinerea and epiphytic and endophytic bacterial isolates were obtained from the grape clusters and leaf phyllosphere (epiphytic and endophytic) of the SB variety, respectively. Four epiphytic and two endophytic isolates that showed the highest antibiosis indices in vitro and in vivo were identified using phenotyping and DNA sequencing. Treatments were carried out in a completely randomized experimental design with five replications, including (a) control, (b) B. cinerea, (c) commercial product (EcoshotÒ) with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, (d) epiphytic bacteria, and (e) endophytic bacteria. Among the 52 isolates, 4 epiphytic and 2 endophytic isolates showed the highest degree of inhibition and significantly inhibited the growth of B. cinerea. The UEP40, UEP43, UEN13, and UEN14 isolates yielded positive reactions for urea and indole. The epiphytic isolates UEP43 (identified as Serratia marcescens) and UEP51 (Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens) and the endophytic isolate UEN13 (Staphylococcus equorum) reduced the severity of BBR on detached grape berries by ~55% and 49% between 72 and 168 h after inoculation, respectively. These bacterial isolates are potential biocontrol agents against B. cinerea. However, more research is needed to confirm their efficacy in vineyards in southern Brazil.
Simulating and validating the pressure profile during the filing and packing phases of injection molding
Authors: Laura Stuart  , Ma’moun Abu-Ayyad
Published: February 2025

Autodesk Moldflow Insight (AMI) is a Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) tool used to predict many molding phenomena such as pres-sure, filling pattern, cooling pattern, and deflection of injection molded parts. The purpose of this study is to validate AMI for use with plastic connector housings and determine the key factors in improving simulation accuracy. To validate AMI, a 3D Computer-Aided Design (CAD) model of a hypothetical, simplified connector housing with round circuit holes was created in Creo software. Then, a test mold was built using the simplified connector housing geometry with round core pins for the part circuit holes. The mold was outfitted with pressure sensors to monitor the exact pressures achieved in both the runner system and cavity. Using this mold, the validation part was manufactured more than fifteen times using an identical combination of material and processing conditions. Pressure sensors placed in the mold capture the exact pressures achieved in the part and runner system during molding. The averaged pressure profiles for each sensor are later compared against results from the simulation software to determine accuracy of the simulation program. Computer simulation models of the validation part were created with a mesh density of eight layers through the thickness of the model, which is appropriate for connector housing. The average values of the fifteen identically molded parts are then compared to the simulation results. This study results in an improved method for simulating pressure profiles during plastic injection molding using refined process parameter definitions.