bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of prenatal dog keeping on infant gut microbiota development
Authors: Panzer Ariane R. , Sitarik Alexandra R. , Fadrosh Doug , Havstad Suzanne L. , Jones Kyra , Davidson Brent , Finazzo Salvatore , Wegienka Ganesa R. , Woodcroft Kimberley , Lukacs Nicholas W. , Levin Albert M. , Ownby Dennis R. , Johnson Christine C. , Lynch Susan V. , Zoratti Edward M.
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Prenatal and early‐life dog exposure has been linked to reduced childhood allergy and asthma. A potential mechanism includes altered early immune development in response to changes in the gut microbiome among dog‐exposed infants. We thus sought to determine whether infants born into homes with indoor dog(s) exhibit altered gut microbiome development.

Methods

Pregnant women living in homes with dogs or in pet‐free homes were recruited in southeast Michigan. Infant stool samples were collected at intervals between 1 week and 18 months after birth and microbiome was assessed using 16S ribosomal sequencing. Perinatal maternal vaginal/rectal swabs and stool samples were sequenced from a limited number of mothers. Mixed effect adjusted models were used to assess stool microbial community trajectories comparing infants from dog‐keeping versus pet‐free homes with adjustment for relevant covariates.

Results

Infant gut microbial composition among vaginally born babies became less similar to the maternal vaginal/rectal microbiota and more similar to the maternal gut microbiota with age‐related accumulation of bacterial species with advancing age. Stool samples from dog‐exposed infants were microbially more diverse (p = .041) through age 18 months with enhanced diversity most apparent between 3 and 6 months of age. Statistically significant effects of dog exposure on β‐diversity metrics were restricted to formula‐fed children. Across the sample collection period, dog exposure was associated with Fusobacterium genera enrichment, as well as enrichment of Collinsella, Ruminococcus, Clostridaceae and Lachnospiraceae OTUs.

Conclusion

Prenatal/early‐life dog exposure is associated with an altered gut microbiome during infancy and supports a potential mechanism explaining lessened atopy and asthma risk. Further research directly linking specific dog‐attributable changes in the infant gut microbiome to the risk of allergic disorders is needed.
Endoscopic surgery under tubeless anesthesia and spontaneous breathing for a congenital laryngeal web in an infant: A case report
Authors: Gaffuri Michele , Battilocchi Ludovica , di Furia Domenico , Neri Simona , Cantarella Giovanna , Pignataro Lorenzo
Published: March 2023

Congenital laryngeal webs are rare and are defined as thick epithelium‐covered fibrous tissue lying between the vocal folds; the anterior glottis is the most common site of involvement, with possible extension to the subglottic region. The association with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome has also been reported. Symptoms have been abnormal or absent crying and airway obstruction since birth. Management strategies range from endoscopic division using cold instruments to open surgery for severe webbing. In endoscopic surgery, the need for tubeless anesthesia and spontaneous breathing is fundamental for obtaining the best surgical outcome. Here, we describe the case of a 4‐month‐old female patient affected by a type II glottic web according to Cohen, who was treated by simple endoscopic division in spontaneous breathing.
RETRACTED: The risk evaluation and management of the sports service supply chain by introducing fuzzy comprehensive appraisal and artificial intelligence technology
Authors: Teng Ye , Wang Yuxuan , You Huan
Published: March 2023

This article aims to improve the inefficiency of the sports service supply chain (SC) caused by the unscientific management of stakeholders in the sports service SC. First, combined with the literature, the identification and management of the service SC domestically and internationally are explained, providing a meaningful reference for improving sports service bases. Second, fuzzy comprehensive appraisal (FCA) algorithm process and artificial intelligence (AI) technology are used to evaluate and manage the risk of sports service SC. The FCA algorithm provides a comprehensive evaluation factor set for the sports service SC risk evaluation. Then, the complete evaluation set is established. To obtain the evaluation matrix, the ‘expert’ carries out fuzzy evaluation on each single factor. AI provides a data analysis platform for integrated SC risk management. The platform can realize the logical hierarchical relationship between indicators and rules, systematically standardize the sports service SC and rules, and conduct unified display, monitoring, and trend analysis. Finally, the FCA method is used to evaluate the risks of the sports service SC, and the results of the comprehensive management of the dangers of the SC are analysed. The results show that the evaluation indicators of sports service venues' SC service capabilities have a good consistency. The highest weight score of government service capability in the sports service SC is 0.2413, and the lowest weight score of the service capability index of the sports operation platform is 0.1708. Sports service venues' SC capacity in NANCHANG City is relatively average. This article deeply understands the structure of the sports service SC. It provides relevant basis and guidance for sports service integrators, service providers, and other market entities to adjust management strategies and improve market competitiveness. It also clarifies the risks and management results of the sports service SC, provides academic help for the researchers and enriches and develops the theory of the reform and construction of the Chinese sports service SC.
Inflammatory bowel disease in Waikato, New Zealand: incidence and prevalence
Authors: Seleq Samir , Weilert Frank , Fulforth James
Published: March 2023

Background and Aims

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) prevalence is rising globally; however, indigenous groups are underrepresented. Waikato, New Zealand, is a large region with a high proportion of Māori patients. In Canterbury in 2006, 1% of patients with IBD were Māori. We investigated the incidence and prevalence of IBD in Waikato over 10 years.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study assessing the incidence and prevalence of IBD between 2009 and 2019. The search strategy included pathology, radiology, Provation, ICD‐10 coding and private clinics, using the keywords: Crohn's, Crohn, ileitis, colitis, ulcerative, inflammatory bowel disease and IBD. Collected data included current age and age at diagnosis, sex, ethnicity and IBD subtype.

Results

The IBD point prevalence on 31 December 2019 was 375.6/100 000 compared with 293.6/100 000 in 2010, increasing by 27.9%. The annualised incidence was static from 21.5/100 000 in 2010 to 17.5/100 000 in 2019. Female patients comprised 53.3% of the cohort. Ulcerative colitis (UC) made up 54.2% of cases, 43.8% had Crohn disease (CD) and 2.0% had indeterminate colitis. Sixty (3.7%) patients identified as Māori. In non‐Māori patients, the average age at diagnosis was 36.2 years, compared with 33.0 years in Māori patients (P = 0.11). In Māori patients, 53.3% had UC and 45.0% had CD. Thirty‐five percent of Māori patients lived 50 km or more from base hospital, compared with 41% of non‐Māori patients (P = 0.33).

Conclusion

IBD prevalence has increased substantially; however, the incidence has remained static. Māori IBD rates are higher than previously reported, in keeping with international indigenous trends. Māori patients were diagnosed at a similar age as non‐Māori patients, with similar disease subtypes.
Analysis of pre‐hospital delay in Chinese patients with diabetic foot ulcers: Based on 46 cases
Authors: Ge Qiaoyue , Zhou Yue , Liu Zhenmi
Published: March 2023

To study the causes of pre‐hospital delay in Chinese patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). A retrospective study, investigating a case series of 46 DFUs treated at a single hospital, was conducted to evaluate wound condition, wound treatment, costs, and patients' complete medical records, and analyse the reasons causing the pre‐hospital delay. We assessed 46 DFUs aged between 53 and 92 years old. The average pre‐hospital delay was 5 months, with nearly 20% being delayed for more than 1 year. The average length of hospital stay in China was 21 days, with an average cost of $8672. Recurrence rate of DFUs was 21%, and three patients were recommended to transfer to upper‐level hospital. Besides, the intervention was limited and homogenous and medical records were incomplete. Medical service users' limited understanding of diseases, high costs that patients need to afford, and unsatisfactory treatment by medical service providers are the main reasons for patients' delay in seeking treatment. Recommendations are offered to reduce the pre‐hospital delay of Chinese patients with DFUs.
Not every high‐latitude or high‐elevation forest edge is a treeline
Authors: Körner Christian , Hoch Günter
Published: March 2023

Attempts at identifying climate warming effects on mountain and arctic vegetation caused a recent hype in treeline studies. In this perspectives article, we recall the need of clear‐cut definitions, a consistent terminology and a theoretical framework that permits hypothesis testing. Founded in the ecological niche concept, the application of the fundamental niche edge to treeline permits defining the potential climatic limit of tree growth, while the realized niche edge captures all deviations for reasons related to other, more local, abiotic factors, biotic interactions, disturbances and human interventions. An important point is that a globally common phenomenon calls for a common abiotic driver which is the temperature at the low temperature edge of the niche of the life form tree. We explain why other abiotic factors that may affect the local range limits, such as microclimate, moisture and wind do not devaluate the classical isotherm concept. Our key message is that applying a clearly defined concept of potential treeline, also allows defining deviations from it and explaining the deviations within a reproducible theoretical framework.
Seven‐layer analysis model of an optical waveguide excitation fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Long Yuan‐Jie , Fan Guo‐Fang , Hu Yan‐Jun , Dai Xin‐Gang , Zhang Hong‐Ru , Li Shi , Jing Gao‐Shan , Wu Da‐Lin , Li Yuan
Published: March 2023

In this paper, an optical waveguide evanescent field fluorescence microscopy is studied. Based on Maxwell's equation, a seven‐layer theoretical analysis model is developed for the evaluation of an optical waveguide excitation fluorescence microscopy. The optical waveguide excitation fluorescence microscopy structure is systematically and comprehensively analysed at the wavelengths of 488, 532 and 646 nm for fluorescent dyes. The analysis results provide some useful suggestions, which will be beneficial to the research of an optical waveguide evanescent field fluorescence microscopy.
Healthy and Equitable Interpersonal Relationships, Health Inequalities and Socio‐Educational Interventions: A Conceptual Framework for Action
Authors: Forcadell‐Díez Lluís , Juárez Martínez Olga , Abiétar Daniel G. , López María José , Sánchez‐Martínez Francesca , Perez Gloria
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND

Interpersonal relationships undoubtedly have a bidirectional connection with the health of individuals and communities. Relational models based on equity contribute to well‐being, while asymmetrical relationships based on hierarchies and differences of power negatively impact mental, physical, and social health.

METHODS

A conceptual framework for understanding the determinants of interpersonal relational models was developed.

RESULTS

Structural determinants were identified as the combined action of systems of oppression, the socio‐historical context that normalizes violence, and social stratification and segregation, consequences which included inequitable access to power, resources, and opportunities. Intermediate determinants include individual, psychosocial, behavioral, and community aspects. Structural and intermediate determinants impact health and health inequalities through multiple relational patterns that are simultaneously established and sustained by individuals and communities. The health impact of inequitable relational patterns includes: Reduced self‐esteem; anxiety, stress, and depression; acceptance of violence; physical and sexual harm; suicide; and murder.

CONCLUSIONS

This conceptual framework allows for the modification of relational models by influencing structural and intermediate determinants. Six areas of intervention have been identified: educative policies, school governance, physical and symbolic space, school curriculum, school‐community relations, and socio‐educative interventions to promote healthy and equitable relationships. Healthy and equitable relationships are associated with improved subjective well‐being, health status and protection from violence. Socio‐educational interventions that consider the elements of this conceptual framework may be effective in promoting healthy and equitable relational models.
Different settings, different terms and conditions: The impact of intellectual property arrangements on co‐creation project performance
Authors: Tekic Anja , Willoughby Kelvin W. , Füller Johann
Published: March 2023

Innovation‐focused co‐creation between companies and individual external contributors is accompanied by the challenge of managing intellectual property (IP). The existing literature presents scattered evidence of various elements of the arrangements adopted by companies to manage their IP (such as a high or low degree of IP control, monetary or non‐monetary compensation, non‐disclosure agreements, additional agreements, and the waiver option) in different co‐creation settings (including crowdsourcing contests, virtual communities, single expert sessions, and lead user workshops). However, the existing literature exhibits little understanding of how particular IP arrangements influence co‐creation project performance in specific settings. Drawing upon contingency theory and configurational theory, we provide a framework that explains both the effectiveness of different IP configurations and the moderating role that co‐creation settings may have on the relationship between IP arrangements and project performance. By the means of fuzzy‐set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) on a sample of 116 co‐creation projects, we determine the impact of various IP arrangements on project performance in different co‐creation settings, and we show how this effect differs across those settings. Our study also demonstrates that IP matters for success in co‐creation, while highlighting the interdependence of multiple elements of IP arrangements and their joint influence on co‐creation project performance. Our study thus fills the gap in the literature where previous research failed to embrace the context‐dependent and multidimensional effect of IP arrangements on co‐creation project performance. Additionally, this study offers best‐practice guidelines for managers for designing IP arrangements to meet the specific characteristics of their co‐creation projects and to ensure their success.
COVID‐19 and Childlessness among Women in the United States
Authors: Hummer Holly
Published: March 2023

The COVID‐19 pandemic has prompted questions about individuals’ fertility intentions and decisions during such a large‐scale, drawn‐out crisis. In this paper, I ask how women who have not (yet) had children and who are nearing the end of their timeline for parenthood are making sense of the pandemic. Drawing on novel in‐depth interview data conducted during the pandemic with over 100 women aged 35–50 in the United States who are childless for a variety of reasons, I argue that the pandemic has produced a shared sense of “gendered uncertainty” by exacerbating both preexisting worries about motherhood and unease about the future. As the data further reveal, the pandemic has therefore been conceived of by many childless women as a good time to not have children, particularly in light of the United States’ weak infrastructure of family support. These findings contribute to existing theoretical frameworks of fertility change by foregrounding women's subjective evaluations of their reproductive options during a time of upheaval and introducing the important role of gendered uncertainty in shaping reproductive sense‐making. Findings also contribute to the literature on childlessness by demonstrating how childlessness can gain newfound appeal as a family status during turbulent times.
Occurrence of cassava mosaic begomoviruses in national cassava germplasm preserved in two agro‐ecological zones of Ivory Coast
Authors: Amoakon William J.‐L. , Yoboué Aya Ange Naté , Pita Justin S. , Mutuku J. Musembi , N'Zué Boni , Combala Mariam , Otron Daniel H. , Koné Maïmouna , Kouassi Nazaire K. , Sié Raoul
Published: March 2023

Cassava production in Ivory Coast is hampered by cassava mosaic disease (CMD), which is caused by several begomovirus species. To increase cassava production and conserve genetic resources, the Centre National de Recherche Agronomique (CNRA) maintains a germplasm collection of 610 cassava accessions of various origins, which is kept in open fields in Bouaké and Man. We carried out an epidemiological assessment of the collection and a molecular characterization of the viruses infecting the CNRA cassava germplasm. The field in Man was less affected by CMD (incidence 49.78%, severity 2.23, whitefly infection 2.23%), despite the abundant whitefly populations (1.34 per plant), compared to Bouaké (incidence 74.54%, severity 2.92, whitefly infection 8.04% and whitefly population of 0.34 per plant). However, the predominant mode of CMD transmission was through infected cassava cuttings at both sites. PCR analysis showed that the East African cassava mosaic Cameroon virus (EACMCMV) was always found in co‐infection with African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV), which also occurred in single infection. Co‐infections of EACMCMV and ACMV were more prevalent in Bouaké (52.64%) than Man (13.87%). Eleven complete genome sequences of cassava mosaic begomoviruses infecting the CNRA germplasm were obtained, and phylogenetic analysis showed that they are closely related to ACMV and EACMCMV isolates from Ghana, Burkina Faso and Nigeria. The results of this study will assist breeders to screen accurately for CMD resistance in progeny resulting from parental lines, enabling the strategic distribution of new clean cassava planting materials to reduce the impact of CMD.
Maternal activism in comparative perspective: Past, present, and future
Authors: Mendoza Elva F. Orozco
Published: March 2023

This essay offers a comparative assessment of past and present contributions to the study of maternal activism within feminist scholarship broadly understood while also providing some thoughts about its future directions. While typically defined as adopting a maternal frame to pursue a social or political cause, this essay posits maternal activism as an evolving and contested field of inquiry. I start this analysis by discussing early critiques of motherhood as a patriarchal institution within liberal feminism and other competing frameworks that conceive maternalism as a distinct modality of thought and action. I then underscore the evolving character of the field by examining scholarly works on Black, Indigenous, and Latin American maternal activism. Building upon past and present analyses, and in line with their evolving character, I formulate a provisional definition of maternal activism as a caretaking function sustained through direct action inside and outside the household and beyond that activist‐scholars interested in exploring future directions of maternal activism can engage and re‐envision. This essay contributes to existing analyses by highlighting the transformative character of maternal activism scholarship.
Social media in the election during the COVID‐19 pandemic in South Korea: Candidates’ use of social media when offline gatherings are prohibited
Authors: Kim Cheonsoo
Published: March 2023

Objective

: This study investigated the utilization of social media during the 2020 South Korean general election, which took place during the COVID‐19 pandemic, using the equalization versus normalization framework.

Methods

: This study estimated the associations between the characteristics of candidates and their respective constituencies and the use of various social media platforms by the candidates.

Results

: Dominant political actors were more active social media users, supporting the normalization hypothesis. However, when considering the candidates’ chances of winning the election, social media's normalizing effect was weakened.

Conclusion

: This study provides new insights into the equalization versus normalization debate by analyzing social media use in a context where offline campaigning was restricted.
Opening up New Geographical Ontologies around Adapting to Climate Change
Authors: Fisher Susannah
Published: March 2023

Opening up regional ontologies for climate action is a necessary and underexplored dimension of climate change policymaking. This commentary explores how a regional lens might be integrated into the complex mosaic of climate governance, particularly in the context of resilient regions. I argue regional ontologies for climate policymaking could have greater analytical power if integrated into a theoretical framing of action that goes beyond the nation‐state, beyond formal policy processes and beyond a strict binary between science and policy. Applying this lens to resilient regions, I argue there are particular opportunities at the regional scale for highlighting diverse perspectives or adaptation issues obscured through a national ontology, using existing transnational data infrastructure and community‐led data systems to support the regional ontology and reframing the scale of collective future visions for a climate‐adapted world.
Weak-form homogenization of two and three-dimensional fluid acoustical systems
Authors: Muhlestein Michael B.
Published: March 2023

A one-dimensional weak-form homogenization method [Muhlestein, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 147(5), 3584–3593 (2020)] is extended to two and three-dimensional for quasi-static fluid systems. This homogenization approach uses a local multiple-scales approximation to estimate the acoustical fields within a representative volume element, substitutes these approximations into a weak formulation of the mechanics, and then globally homogenizes the system by averaging the integrand of the weak-form integral. An important consequence of including more spatial dimensions is that the local particle velocity does not approach a uniform macroscopic particle velocity. Instead, the effective material properties are used to describe the behavior of the mean particle velocity. A localization tensor may be used to convert from the mean particle velocity to the local particle velocity. The generalized homogenization method is then applied to two special cases. The first case is stratified media, chosen because it has an exact analytical solution. The second case is a cubic lattice of spheres, which has a benchmark solution to compare with. This second case utilizes finite element software to provide estimates of the effective mass density. Finally, three further generalizations to the homogenization method, including extension to finite frequency values, complex media, and elasticity, are briefly discussed.
Learning How to Make Decisions in a Nonprofit Sport Organization: An Application of Strategic Decision-Making Theory
Authors: Lachance Erik L.
Published: March 2023

This teaching-based case study tasks students with analyzing a strategic decision. This analysis is guided by a script describing a strategic decision undertaken in a fictional nonprofit sport organization (i.e., Canadian Ice Tennis Federation). Students’ analysis is achieved by applying strategic decision-making theory, including its five central constructs: centrality, duration, flow, interaction, and scrutiny. Knowledge is gained by analyzing a strategic decision according to its level of authorization, length, delays, negotiations, and information sources. This teaching-based case study is intended for undergraduate students in general sport management and/or strategy/strategic management courses. The benefit of this teaching-based case study resides in its ability to teach students how to make decisions, a central and ubiquitous task in organizational life, and their future endeavors in the sport industry.
Canonical cellular stress granules are required for arsenite-induced necroptosis mediated by Z-DNA–binding protein 1
Authors: Szczerba Mateusz , Johnson Brian , Acciai Francesco , Gogerty Carolina , McCaughan Megan , Williams Jacqueline , Kibler Karen V. , Jacobs Bertram L.
Published: March 2023

Cellular stress granules arise in cells subjected to stress and promote cell survival. A cellular protein that localizes to stress granules is Z-DNA–binding protein 1 (ZBP1), which plays a major role in necroptosis, a programmed cell death pathway mediated by the kinase RIPK3. Here, we showed that the stress granule inducer arsenite activated RIPK3-dependent necroptosis. This pathway required ZBP1, which localized to arsenite-induced stress granules. RIPK3 localized to stress granules in the presence of ZBP1, leading to the formation of ZBP1-RIPK3 necrosomes, phosphorylation of the RIPK3 effector MLKL, and execution of necroptosis. Cells that did not form stress granules did not induce necroptosis in response to arsenite. Together, these results show that arsenite induces ZBP1-mediated necroptosis in a manner dependent on stress granule formation.
Bombyx mori Nucleopolyhedrovirus Hijacks Multivesicular Body as an Alternative Envelopment Platform for Budded Virus Egress
Authors: Yao Congyue , Pan Shijia , Xu Ying , Lu Mengze , Zhao Yating , Huo Jiayao , Hao Bifang , Huang Jinshan
Published: March 2023

BmNPV is a severe pathogen that infects mainly
Bombyx mori
, a domesticated insect of economic importance, and accounts for approximately 15% of economic losses in sericulture. BV production plays a key role in systemic BmNPV infection of larvae.
Strain-Dependent Restriction of Human Cytomegalovirus by Zinc Finger Antiviral Proteins
Authors: Lista Maria Jose , Witney Adam A. , Nichols Jenna , Davison Andrew J. , Wilson Harry , Latham Katie A. , Ravenhill Benjamin J. , Nightingale Katie , Stanton Richard J. , Weekes Michael P. , Neil Stuart J. D. , Swanson Chad M. , Strang Blair L.
Published: March 2023

Determining the function of cellular antiviral factors can inform our understanding of virus replication. The zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP) can inhibit the replication of diverse viruses.
Complete Genome Sequence of Gordonia polyisoprenivorans 135, a Promising Degrader of Aromatic Compounds
Authors: Frantsuzova Ekaterina , Solomentsev Viktor , Vetrova Anna , Travkin Vasili , Solyanikova Inna , Delegan Yanina
Published: March 2023

Gordonia polyisoprenivorans
135 is a promising degrader of aromatic hydrocarbons. It can utilize phenanthrene, anthracene, benzoate, chlorobenzoates, and phenol. The genome of strain 135 was completely sequenced; it consists of a single 5,988,360-bp circular chromosome (GC content of 67.01%).
Complete Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus capitis CCSM0123, Isolated from Healthy Facial Skin
Authors: Ma Laiji , Jiang Hong , Yang Suzhen , Li Yan , Shao Li
Published: March 2023

Staphylococcus capitis
strain CCSM0123 was isolated from healthy facial skin. The complete genome of CCSM0123 was sequenced using a combination of Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) RS II single-molecule real-time (SMRT) and Illumina sequencing. The assembled 2.5-Mbp genome consisted of one chromosome and four plasmids.
Niche-Based Microbial Community Assemblage in Urban Transit Systems and the Influence of City Characteristics
Authors: Xiong Guangzhou , Ji Lei , Cheng Mingyue , Ning Kang
Published: March 2023

We analyzed the urban transit system microbiota assemblage across 16 cities. The stochastic process was dominant in the urban transit system microbiota assemblage. The urban transit system microbe’s ability in discriminating between cities was quantified using transfer learning based on random forest (RF) methods. Certain urban transit system microbes were strongly affected by city characteristics.
Electronic Spectrum Features under the Transition from Axion Insulator Phase to Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect Phase in an Intrinsic Antiferromagnetic Topological Insulator Thin Film
Authors: Men’shov V. N. , Chulkov E. V.
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we investigate the electron topological states in a thin film of intrinsic antiferromagnetic topological insulator, focusing on their relationship with the magnetic texture. We consider a model for the film with an even number of septuple-layer blocks, which is subject to transition from the phase of an axion insulator to the phase of quantized Hall conductivity under an external magnetic field. In the continuum approach, we model an effective two-dimensional Hamiltonian of the thin film of a topological insulator with non-collinear magnetization, on the basis of which we obtain the energy spectrum and the Berry curvature. The analysis of topological indices makes it possible to construct a topological phase diagram depending on the parameters of the system and the degree of non-collinearity. For topologically different regions of the diagram, we describe the edge electronic states on the side face of the film. In addition, we investigate the spectrum of one-dimensional states on the domain wall separating domains with the opposite canting angle. We also discuss the results obtained and the experimental situation in thin films of the MnBi2Te4 compound.
Unconventional Fractional Quantum Hall States in a Wide Quantum Well
Authors: Dorozhkin S. I. , Kapustin A. A. , Fedorov I. B. , Umansky V. , Smet J. H.
Published: March 2023

A bilayer electron system that is formed in a 60-nm-wide GaAs quantum well and has a large difference of the electron densities in the layers has been studied. It has been found that, when a magnetic field is tilted from the normal to the plane of the system, integer quantum Hall effect states at the filling factors of Landau levels of 1 and 2 disappear; instead, fractional quantum Hall effect states in the interval between these filling factors appear at the filling factors νF = 4/3, 10/7, and 6/5 with odd denominators and at the filling factor νF = 5/4. Several different states can be observed under the variation of the magnetic field. The detected fractional quantum Hall effect states are interpreted as combined states with the same filling factor 1 in the layer with the higher density and with the filling factors νF – 1 in the layer with the lower density. These states are formed because of the redistribution of electrons between the layers, which occurs under the variation of the magnetic field. The appearance of the state with the filling factor νF = 5/4 with the even denominator is presumably attributed to the dominance of the interlayer electron–electron interaction over the intralayer one for electrons in the layer with the lower density.
The reassuring CT scan with a lethal diagnosis
Authors: Goh Ian Y , Wang Shuangli , Ray Mark , Chakraborty Joy
Published: March 2023

We discuss an interesting case of a patient who presented with symptoms of abdominal and worsening chronic back pain with a known history of abdominal aortic aneurysm.
Multiple venous malformations in the left colon and rectum: a long-standing case managed conservatively and an update of current literature
Authors: Ganesananthan Sashiananthan , Barlow Jonathan , Durai Dharmaraj , Hawthorne Antony Barney
Published: March 2023

Venous or cavernous malformations of the colon or rectum are a rare cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeds. It has been previously described as a diffuse cavernous haemangioma which was thought to be a benign vascular tumour. It mainly affects the rectosigmoid area of the gastrointestinal tract and is most common in children and young adults. Misdiagnosis is common with patients averaging a total of 19 years delay to this final diagnosis. We report a case of a 65-year-old patient who presented with occult, painless rectal bleeding and prior to this presentation, had been managed variously as colitis and angiodysplasia. This article aims to delineate the updated classification of this disease, principal clinical clues to aid the diagnosis while discussing patient treatment options and potential challenges faced in patient management.
Pucker sign in an adult distal radial fracture
Authors: Al-salihy Mazin , Ross Carlo
Published: March 2023

Puckering of the skin following a fracture is a rare sign which can result in skin necrosis if the fracture is not urgently reduced. Skin puckering is associated with humeral, tibia and clavicular fractures. We present a case of a 79-year-old woman who fell on to her outstretched hand sustaining a right radial fracture with obvious skin puckering. Following X-rays, local anaesthetic was given and the skin was reduced, the fracture manipulated and a full cast applied. The patient made a full recovery. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of the pucker sign in an adult radial fracture.
Management of haemostasis during dental extraction in a Bernard-Soulier syndrome child
Authors: Sharma Supriya , Chak Rakesh Kumar , Khanna Richa
Published: March 2023

The Bernard-Soulier syndrome also known as hemorrhagioparous thrombocytic dystrophy, is a rare autosomal recessive bleeding disorder. Macrothrombocytopenia and increased bleeding time are the two main features of this syndrome. There is a reduced adherence of giant platelets to the subendothelium due to a deficiency of glycoprotein GPIb-V-IX complex. Routine dental extraction in a patient with a bleeding disorder can lead to life-threatening complications and there are very few specific protocols for the same. Here, we present a case report describing haemostasis management during dental extraction in a 7-year-old female child, suffering from this syndrome. It was observed that the preoperative and postoperative human leucocyte antigen-matched platelet transfusion, systemic intraoperative tranexamic acid and minimally traumatic procedure improved bleeding control and management.
Ruptured functioning adrenal tumour, atypical presentation with renal colic and hypertension
Authors: Elmoheen Amr , Yousry Mohamed , Elmesery Ahmed , Bashir Khalid
Published: March 2023

Pheochromocytomas are uncommon tumours that originate in chromaffin cells. They are a representation of 0.1%–1% of all cases of secondary hypertension. Most pheochromocytomas are unilateral and benign, featuring catecholamine production, as well as the production of other neuropeptides. Pheochromocytomas are mostly located in the adrenal gland; the frequency of occurrence is highest between 30 and 50 years of age; however, up to 25% of cases may be linked to multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2, Von-Hippel-Landau disease and type 1 neurofibromatosis in the young.

We present a case of ruptured left adrenal pheochromocytoma with an atypical presentation. A 30-year-old male patient presented with severe left flank pain and hypertension. The CT scan of the abdomen showed bleeding from the left adrenal mass, where resuscitation and angioembolisation were done. Embolisation of the inferior and superior arteries was done, but the middle failed. The patient experienced a significant drop in haemoglobin and a haemorrhagic shock post angioembolisation, which called for emergency laparotomy. The patient is currently doing well with an uneventful postoperative course.
Severe functional mitral stenosis due to a left atrial myxoma masquerading as asthma
Authors: Zuwasti Ufara , Quarrie Ricardo , Allen Elizabeth , Haas Christopher
Published: March 2023

While cardiac myxomas are the most common primary cardiac tumours, their overall incidence remains rare. Most cases (90%) are sporadic and occur in the third–sixth decades of life with a female predominance and have a specific predilection for the left atrium (75%). While often asymptomatic, clinical presentations depend on the tumour size, architecture and location. Echocardiography remains the mainstay for diagnostic evaluation. Tumour resection is the only definitive treatment. Histopathology using H&E and immunohistochemical stains, such as calretinin and CD34, confirms the diagnosis. We present a case of a patient with reported history of asthma who presented with recurrent acute on chronic shortness of breath refractory to inhaler therapy, multiple outpatient visits and hospitalisations for ‘asthma exacerbations’. After further evaluation, she was diagnosed with a left atrial myxoma attached to the inferior aspect of the intra-atrial septum complicated by severe functional mitral stenosis.
Reactivation of BCG inoculation site in a child with febrile exanthema of 3 days duration: an early indicator of incomplete Kawasaki disease
Authors: Lim Kimberley Ying Ying , Chua Mei Chien , Tan Natalie Woon Hui , Chandran Suresh
Published: March 2023

The aetiology of febrile exanthems in children is often difficult to distinguish clinically. A diagnosis of Kawasaki disease (KD) should be considered in infants with exanthematous fever. More perplexing is the increasing incidence of an atypical form of KD. Pathogenesis of KD remains unclear even though an aberrant response of the immune system to an unidentified pathogen is often hypothesised. A 30-fold increase in the incidence of KD in Italy during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic suggests an immune response to a viral trigger. We report an infant clinically diagnosed with high probability as incomplete KD, who presented with reactivation of the BCG injection site even though fever with rash was only less than 3 days duration. Echocardiography confirmed coronary artery abnormalities and prompt treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin facilitated rapid recovery. Physicians should consider a diagnosis of KD if BCG site reactivation is noted in children presenting with febrile exanthema.
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy with left ventricle thrombus caused by subacute thyroiditis
Authors: Yamazaki Daichi , Osaki Yoshinori , Suzuki Hiroaki , Shimano Hitoshi
Published: March 2023

We report a rare case of takotsubo cardiomyopathy caused by subacute thyroiditis in a man in his 50s. He went to the doctor with complaints of loss of appetite, diarrhoea, chills and general malaise. He had consciousness disturbance, thyrotoxicosis and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression. Thyroglobulin and C reactive protein levels in the blood were elevated, but TSH receptor antibody, thyroid-stimulating antibody, antithyroglobulin antibody and antithyroid peroxidase antibody were not. We began treatment with prednisolone and propranolol after he was diagnosed with thyroid storm caused by subacute thyroiditis. The ECG revealed inverted T waves on the fifth day after admission. He was newly diagnosed with takotsubo cardiomyopathy on the day. A large thrombus was detected in the left ventricle, requiring anticoagulation therapy. Thus, even if there are no findings of takotsubo cardiomyopathy or thrombus at the onset of thyroid storm, appropriate monitoring is required because they can develop during the treatment course.
Ultrasound-guided flexor sheath block as a valid alternative to blind techniques for finger pain treatment: the horseshoe sign
Authors: Fioccola Antonio , Skerritt Conor John
Published: March 2023

Background

The flexor sheath digital block allows effective analgesia and anesthesia for finger pain control. To date, only blind techniques are described in the literature in patients with finger fractures, supposedly due to the superficial position of the structures used as landmarks. We describe an ultrasound-guided technique with a definite endpoint to achieve this block. To our knowledge, this is the first clinical application of this procedure.

Methods

We performed a preoperative ultrasound-guided flexor sheath digital block on a young patient with a proximal phalanx fracture, undergoing an osteotomy with plate placement. After performing the block, opioid-free general anesthesia was performed. A “hockey-stick” ultrasound probe and 1.5 mL of 0.5% levobupivacaine were used to infiltrate the flexor sheath. The “horseshoe sign” was our visual endpoint for successful block performance.

Results

At the time of surgical incision, there was no hemodynamic response. No opioids were administered during the case or in the recovery room, and the patient’s pain scores in recovery and at discharge were 0/10 on the Numerical Rating Scale. No complications were observed or reported.

Conclusions

The ultrasound-guided flexor digital sheath block is a valid alternative to the blind technique, allowing direct visualization and, thereby, confirming transthecal injection of the local anesthetic. The continuously increasing availability of ultrasound machines in emergency departments and operating theaters may encourage the spread of this technique.
Petrogenesis and geodynamic significance of late Early Jurassic complex in Qinsai, Hainan Island, South China Sea
Authors: Xu Zhongjie , Kong Jintao , Sun Ningchen , Cheng Rihui , Zhang Li
Published: March 2023

Whole-rock geochemical and U–Pb–Hf isotopic data were used to investigate the age, petrogenesis, and tectonic setting of a suite of gabbro–diorite–monzonite–syenite rock exposed in Qinsai area, Hainan Island. Zircon U–Pb dating shows that the gabbro and monzonite, respectively, crystallized at 179.5 ± 2.7 and 179.0 ± 2.3 Ma. The suite consists of shoshonitic alkaline intrusive rocks with SiO2content ranging from 41.7 to 63.4 wt%, with high U, K, and Pb and low Nb, Ta, and Ti. The suite is enriched in light rare earth elements relative to heavy rare earth elements. The gabbro has no obvious Eu anomaly but a positive Eu anomaly is evident in intermediate rocks. Zircon εHf( t) values are positive and have a wide variation (gabbro εHf( t) = +5.2 ± 8.2, monzonite εHf( t) = +4.7 ± 7.1). Gabbro and syenite are both likely derived from an enriched lithospheric mantle that was metasomatized by subduction fluids. Syenite evolved from the differentiation of gabbro, monzonite, and diorite. Collectively, these intrusive rocks formed in an extensional regime within an arc formed by subduction of the ancient Pacific plate beneath the Asian margin, which was accompanied by extensional thinning of the lithosphere.
Understanding Indicators of Compromise against Cyber-attacks in Industrial Control Systems: A Security Perspective
Authors: Asiri Mohammed , Saxena Neetesh , Gjomemo Rigel , Burnap Pete
Published: March 2023

Numerous sophisticated and nation-state attacks on Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) have increased in recent years, exemplified by Stuxnet and Ukrainian Power Grid. Measures to be taken post-incident are crucial to reduce damage, restore control, and identify attack actors involved. By monitoring Indicators of Compromise (IOCs), the incident responder can detect malicious activity triggers and respond quickly to a similar intrusion at an earlier stage. However, to implement IOCs in critical infrastructures, we need to understand their contexts and requirements. Unfortunately, there is no survey paper in the literature on IOC in the ICS environment, and only limited information is provided in research articles. In this article, we describe different standards for IOC representation and discuss the associated challenges that restrict security investigators from developing IOCs in the industrial sectors. We also discuss the potential IOCs against cyber-attacks in ICS systems. Furthermore, we conduct a critical analysis of existing works and available tools in this space. We evaluate the effectiveness of identified IOCs’ by mapping these indicators to the most frequently targeted attacks in the ICS environment. Finally, we highlight the lessons to be learned from the literature and the future problems in the domain along with the approaches that might be taken.
ANDROIDGYNY: Reviewing Clustering Techniques for Android Malware Family Classification
Authors: Pimenta Thalita Scharr Rodrigues , Ceschin Fabricio , Gregio Andre
Published: March 2023

Thousands of malicious applications (apps) are created daily, modified with the aid of automation tools, and released on the World Wide Web. Several techniques have been applied over the years to identify whether an APK is malicious or not. The use of these techniques intends to identify unknown malware mainly by calculating the similarity of a sample with previously grouped, already known families of malicious apps. Thus, high rates of accuracy would enable several countermeasures: from further quick detection to the development of vaccines and aid for reverse engineering new variants. However, most of the literature consists of limited experiments—either short-term and offline or based exclusively on well-known malicious apps’ families. In this paper, we explore the use of malware phylogeny, a term borrowed from biology, consisting of the genealogical study of the relationship between elements and families. Also, we investigate the literature on clustering techniques applied to mobile malware classification and discuss how researchers have been setting up their experiments.
Drying Drops of Colloidal Dispersions
Authors: Thampi Sumesh P. , Basavaraj Madivala G.
Published: March 2023

Drying drops of colloidal dispersions have attracted attention from researchers since the nineteenth century. The multiscale nature of the problem involving physics at different scales, namely colloidal and interfacial phenomena as well as heat, mass, and momentum transport processes, combined with the seemingly simple yet nontrivial shape of the drops makes drying drop problems rich and interesting. The scope of such studies widens as the physical and chemical nature of dispersed entities in the drop vary and as evaporation occurs in more complex configurations. This review summarizes past and contemporary developments in the field, emphasizing the physicochemical and hydrodynamical principles that govern the processes occurring within a drying drop and the resulting variety of patterns generated on the substrate.
Drug Development Strategies for Malaria: With the Hope for New Antimalarial Drug Discovery—An Update
Authors: Pandey Swaroop Kumar , Anand Uttpal , Siddiqui Waseem A. , Tripathi Renu
Published: March 2023

Malaria continued to be a deadly situation for the people of tropical and subtropical countries. Although there has been a marked reduction in new cases as well as mortality and morbidity rates in the last two decades, the reporting of malaria caused 247 million cases and 619000 deaths worldwide in 2021, according to the WHO (2022). The development of drug resistance and declining efficacy against most of the antimalarial drugs/combination in current clinical practice is a big challenge for the scientific community, and in the absence of an effective vaccine, the problem becomes worse. Experts from various research organizations worldwide are continuously working hard to stop this disaster by employing several strategies for the development of new antimalarial drugs/combinations. The current review focuses on the history of antimalarial drug discovery and the advantages, loopholes, and opportunities associated with the common strategies being followed for antimalarial drug development.