bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A crossroads between greener pastures and local loyalty: Scott Baker’s decision on the future location of 5 Generation Bakers
Authors: Allen Samuel , Murrell Audrey J. , Jones Ray , Misic Luka
Published: February 2025

Research methodology

This case study draws on secondary sources, which are cited in the case and included in the “References and Other Supporting Materials” section of the teaching note, as well as a semi-structured interview with the case’s protagonist to accurately portray the context, considerations and competing interests necessary for students to make an evidence-based recommendation about 5 Generation Bakers’ future. The case protagonist (Scott Baker) gave the author team written permission to use identifying information from the interview. As such, the authors made no attempt to disguise any names or facts pertaining to this case. As a descriptive incident, it illustrates widely used theoretical concepts and models. The case provides students the opportunity to identify theoretical concepts and practical management strategies moving forward in academic and management settings. No AI was used in writing either the case or teaching notes.

Case overview/synopsis

Scott Baker, owner of 5 Generation Bakers in McKees Rocks, PA, found himself in a difficult position in October 2015. Needing to find a new facility to expand his bakery business and meet the needs of the modern bakery industry, Scott was on his way to a meeting with officials from Cranberry Township promising a sleek, modern facility in an area with lower taxes and promising access to transportation. This tempting offer came at a cost: uprooting his loyal employees and abandoning McKees Rocks after several decades of his family operating a bakery there. On that October day, a twist emerged – the newly vacant lot of a recently closed Bottom Dollar store offered a chance to expand locally. Now, the family business owner had to decide: pursue the new facility in Cranberry, or revitalize his business and stay local. This case is widely applicable but is most directly relevant to modules related to ethics, corporate social responsibility, family business dynamics and stakeholder management analysis in management and leadership courses.

Complexity academic level

This case is most applicable to business students at the undergraduate or graduate level in entrepreneurship, business strategy, ethics, or related fields. The case is particularly relevant for modules in decision-making, corporate social responsibility, stakeholder management and family business dynamics.
Crafting empowerment through Madhubani painting: the journey of rural women artisans
Authors: Singh Neha , Kaur Kulvinder , Moid Sana , Rehman Anis Ur , Rushdi Naela Jamal
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aims to unveil the realities of Madhubani painting women artisans in the Mithila region of Bihar. It delves into the theory of capitalism concerning women artisans and their challenges and explores potential avenues for empowerment.

Design/methodology/approach

Utilizing an interpretative qualitative technique, the research focused on Madhubani Painting Women Artisans of Bihar. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted, and the resulting data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Findings

The findings revealed 22 sub-themes grouped into five themes. The first three themes are based on the theory of capitalism, including human, social and economic capital related to Madhubani painting women artisans. The following two themes included challenges faced by women artisans and notable opportunities within an emerging market.

Research limitations/implications

The geographical focus, reliance on qualitative data, limited stakeholder perspectives and short timeframe may restrict the generalizability, breadth of insights and long-term impact assessment, highlighting the need for broader future research.

Practical implications

This research implies that there is a need to enhance digital skills, boost IT infrastructure and continuous support from the government to empower rural women artisans, fostering economic growth, entrepreneurship and cultural preservation in the handicraft sector.

Originality/value

This research contributes to the limited body of knowledge regarding the experiences of women artisans, shedding light on the unique themes and subthemes. The study underscores the significance of preserving traditional art forms and cultural heritage while striving for improved economic empowerment and social inclusion.
Assessment of mechanical and microstructural properties of concrete using titanium dioxide with recycled and virgin aggregates
Authors: Khungar Hariom P. , Kondraivendhan B. , Parmar Nilesh R.
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The construction industry’s pursuit of sustainable and high-performance materials has led to the exploration of alternative aggregates and innovative additives. This paper investigates the combined influence of recycled aggregates (RA) and nano TiO2 particles on M20 and M30 concretes, addressing ecological concerns and seeking to improve material properties. RA, sourced from construction and demolition waste, presents a sustainable solution to alleviate the environmental impact associated with traditional virgin aggregates (VA). However, challenges related to the mechanical strength and durability often hinder the widespread use of RA in concrete. This study aims to bridge this gap by exploring the reinforcing potential of nano TiO2 particles.

Design/methodology/approach

Nanomaterial such as TiO2 is known for its photocatalytic properties and reinforcement capabilities and has emerged as a promising additive in construction materials. The investigation herein involves the incorporation of nano TiO2 at percentages of 0.5% and 1% in both VA- and RA-based M20 and M30 concretes. Comprehensive series of tests on mechanical, durability and microstructural properties are conducted for each concrete mix.

Findings

Results unequivocally indicate that the addition of TiO2 significantly improves the properties of concrete, with RA-based concrete exhibiting performance comparable to that of VA-based counterparts. This breakthrough suggests a viable application of RA with TiO2 in construction projects, promoting sustainability without compromising performance. Following experimental analyses, linear regression and multiple linear regression analyses are used to establish predictive equations correlating interfacial transition zone (ITZ) thickness with TiO2 percentage, compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and chloride penetration.

Originality/value

These equations serve as valuable tools for predicting ITZ thickness in future concrete formulations based on specified parameter quantities, thereby contributing to informed decision-making in sustainable construction practices. The findings of this study have the potential to contribute to the improvement of environmentally conscious construction methods while also improving the performance and durability of concrete structures.
Supersulfides: A Promising Therapeutic Approach for Autoinflammatory Diseases
Authors: Zhang Tianli , Toyomoto Touya , Sawa Tomohiro , Akaike Takaaki , Matsunaga Tetsuro
Published: February 2025

Supersulfides are molecular species characterized by catenated sulfur moieties, including low‐molecular‐weight and protein‐bound supersulfides. Emerging evidence suggests that these molecules, abundantly present in diverse organisms, play essential roles far beyond their chemical properties, such as functions in energy metabolism, protein stabilization, and antiviral defense. Recent studies highlight their regulatory effects on pattern‐recognition receptors (PRRs) and associated signaling pathways–such as nucleotide oligomerization domain‐like receptor signaling, toll‐like receptor signaling, and type I interferon receptor signaling–critical for innate immunity and inflammatory responses. Dysregulation of these pathways is implicated in a heterogeneous group of autoinflammatory diseases, including inflammasomopathies, relopathies, and type I interferonopathies, respectively. Notably, both endogenous and synthetic supersulfide donors have recently shown promising inhibitory effects on PRR signaling, offering their potential as targeted therapies for managing autoinflammatory conditions. This review summarizes the fundamental biology of supersulfides and typical autoinflammatory diseases, focusing on their roles in innate immune and inflammatory responses, while exploring their therapeutic potential in these diseases.
From politics to economics: The investigation of the determinants of local administrative hierarchy in the Tang–Song transition
Authors: Li Nan , Cai Heqi
Published: February 2025

This study collects original data to examine the determinants of classification criteria of county hierarchy and its rank variations during the Tang–Song period. The results reveal that the county hierarchy was affected by both economic and political situations, with more emphasis on politics in Tang and economics in Song. By comparing the county ranks through two dynasties, we find that political factors influenced rank elevation mainly near the capital while economic factors emerged as the primary driver of rank increases in southern regions, reflecting the economic center southward shift during the Tang–Song Transition.
A morphological identification key to the mosquito disease vectors of the Pacific
Authors: Gyawali Narayan , Russell Tanya L. , Burkot Thomas R. , Devine Gregor J.
Published: February 2025

An identification guide is provided for female adults of the mosquito groups, complexes or species that can be morphologically differentiated and that are likely to transmit arboviruses (e.g., dengue, Zika, chikungunya, Ross River and Japanese encephalitis) or parasites (e.g., Plasmodium spp. and Wuchereria bancrofti) in the Pacific Islands, countries and territories. This dichotomous key is adapted, with permissions, from a variety of text and image sources to facilitate the identification of disease vectors by individuals with limited taxonomic training including Pacific island country Vector Surveillance and Environmental Health officers, other public health officials and students.
Thoracic Cancer Exercise Services in Australia: A Point‐Prevalence Survey
Authors: Bowman Amy , Denehy Linda , Edbrooke Lara
Published: February 2025

Background

Cancer guidelines recommend pre‐ and rehabilitation; however, current research shows these services are not well integrated into clinical practice. To date, there has been no prospective audit of Australian lung cancer exercise services or the people accessing these services. The aim of this study was to describe the exercise pre‐ and rehabilitation services available to people with thoracic cancer and the characteristics of people with thoracic cancer attending these services in Australia.

Methods

Prospective, observational, multicenter, 5‐day, point‐prevalence study. Australian healthcare services likely to provide exercise services to people with thoracic cancer were contacted to participate. Conduct and reporting followed the CROSS guidelines.

Results

A total of 397 services were contacted, and 203 responded (51%). Overall, 67% (n = 137) accepted thoracic cancer referrals, and 107 (78%) completed the survey. Most exercise services were targeted at respiratory disease (58%, n = 60) compared with 31% cancer‐specific (n = 33) and 5% lung cancer‐specific (n = 5). A total of 73 patients with thoracic cancer attended programs across 41 sites (38%). Mean (SD) age was 68.5 (9.7) years. Overall, 4% of patients (n = 3) were culturally and linguistically diverse, and none identified as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. A total of 19 outcomes were used in 51 combinations to assess participants (n = 70), and 12 exercise interventions were delivered in 45 combinations (n = 67).

Conclusions

One‐third of responding exercise programs did not offer exercise services to people with thoracic cancer. Almost two‐thirds of services that accept referrals did not have a thoracic cancer patient attend their service. High heterogeneity in outcome measures and exercise interventions was observed.
Marginal Indication for Thoracoscopic Surgery for Neonatal Bochdalek Hernia: “Anchor‐Shaped Closure” Technique for the Patient's Own Residual Diaphragm Using a Loop Needle Device
Authors: Kedoin Chihiro , Sugita Koshiro , Harumatsu Toshio , Tabata Yumiko , Iwamoto Yumiko , Ogata Masato , Takada Lynne , Nagano Ayaka , Tsuruno Yudai , Murakami Masakazu , Yano Keisuke , Onishi Shun , Kawano Takafumi , Ieiri Satoshi
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Surgical procedures to avoid using artificial materials require ongoing discussion. We herein report a case of thoracoscopic repair for congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) via anchor‐shaped closure with the patient's own residual diaphragm using a loop needle device.

Patient and Surgical Technique

A 2‐day‐old boy prenatally diagnosed with CDH underwent thoracoscopic repair after his respiratory and circulatory conditions had stabilized. The defect was a typical Bochdalek CDH, approximately 2.5 × 4 cm. The herniated organs of the thoracic cavity were the stomach, small intestine, colon, spleen, and left kidney. After these organs had been gently returned to the abdominal cavity under artificial pneumothorax, the medial side of the defect was closed in the anterior and posterior directions with six stitches of Loeder's knot using 3–0 non‐absorbable sutures. However, the lateral third of the defect was relatively large and difficult to close in the anterior and posterior directions. We therefore opted for closure by fixing the diaphragm to the chest wall and driving five external costal sutures using a loop needle device. The diaphragmatic defect was thus closed in an “anchor‐shaped” fashion using the patient's own residual diaphragm. This technique allows artificial membranes to be avoided in infants.

Discussion

Considering the possibility of recurrence and complications, the indications for our procedure are limited; however, we believe that there are cases in which this procedure can provide a cure. Our proposed technique may be effective in closing relatively large diaphragmatic defects.
Comparison of Post‐Radical Cystectomy Renal Function and Ileal Conduit‐Related Complications Between Extracorporeal and Robot‐Assisted Intracorporeal Urinary Diversion: A Single‐Center Experience
Authors: Miyake Makito , Nishimura Nobutaka , Oda Yuki , Miyamoto Tatsuki , Tomizawa Mitsuru , Shimizu Takuto , Owari Takuya , Iida Kota , Ohnishi Kenta , Hori Shunta , Morizawa Yosuke , Gotoh Daisuke , Nakai Yasushi , Inoue Takeshi , Anai Satoshi , Tanaka Nobumichi , Fujimoto Kiyohide
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Limited evidence exists regarding differences in post‐operative renal function and ileal conduit‐related complications, including ureteroenteric anastomotic stricture (UAS) and parastomal hernia (PH), between radical cystectomy (RC) with extracorporeal urinary diversion (ECUD) and robot‐assisted RC with intracorporeal UD (ICUD).

Methods

We retrospectively collected the baseline and post‐RC follow‐up data from 179 patients receiving RC with ileal conduit UD (152 ECUD and 27 ICUD). The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2) and occurrence of UAS and PH were post‐operatively monitored. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages were determined based on eGFR level. UD‐related complications were evaluated using the Clavien‐Dindo system. Time‐course changes in eGFR level and CKD‐related survival rates were compared in both the original and propensity score‐matched cohorts.

Results

Although the original ECUD group had higher eGFR levels (median, 60.9 vs. 52.1), comparison of the adjusted cohorts revealed no significant difference at any time points, CKD upstaging‐free survival, and CKD stage 3b‐free survival. Out of 179 patients, three (1.7%), eight (4.5%), and 14 (7.8%) experienced grade I, II, and IIIa UAS, respectively. Thirteen (7.3%) developed PH during follow‐up. No significant differences were observed in UAS rates (p = 0.38), PH rates (p = 0.69), CKD upstaging‐free survival, and CKD stage 3b‐free survival between two groups.

Conclusion

No significant difference was observed in post‐operative renal function and UD‐related complication rates among the different types of surgery in patients undergoing RC in our institute. Further research is needed to determine the optimal surgical approach for each patient to minimize risks of CKD upstaging, UAS, and PH.
Exploring the Out‐Group Homogeneity Effect Among Arab Children in Israel: The Roles of Religion, Contact, and Group Identification
Authors: Essa Francine , Rakoczy Hannes , Diesendruck Gil
Published: February 2025

The out‐group homogeneity effect has been found to contribute to adults' inter‐group biases. Three studies examined whether 5‐ and 8‐year‐old Arab (i.e., minority) children in Israel also manifest this effect (March 2017–January 2020). Arab children from different religious affiliations and social environments (N = 272, 54% females) were asked to choose either a homogeneous or a heterogeneous sample of group members to infer if a given property (biological or psychological) was true of a whole group: either the participant's in‐group (Arabs) or out‐group (Jews). Overall, differently from Jewish (i.e., majority) Israeli children, Arab children did not exhibit the out‐group homogeneity effect. Nevertheless, there were indications that religious affiliation, social environment, and group identification affected children's responses.
Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy: A Single‐Centre Whole‐Exome Sequencing Study in a Maltese Cohort
Authors: Spiteri Dorianne , Grech Laura , Savona‐Ventura Charles , Pace Nikolai Paul
Published: February 2025

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) has a multifactorial pathophysiology involving genetic, endocrine, and environmental factors. It is associated with maternal distress and adverse foetal outcomes. The monogenic aetiology of ICP remains unexplored in the Maltese population. We apply whole exome sequencing in 20 unrelated index cases to assess the molecular spectrum of variants in genes linked to bile acid transport. We shortlisted five unique heterozygous variants. Three ABCB4 variants, including a novel likely pathogenic stop‐gain variant were detected. Three genealogically unrelated cases carried an ABCB4 p.Asn510Ser variant, suggestive of a founder through shared haplotype analysis. This study provides preliminary insight into the monogenic aetiology of ICP from an unstudied population. It expands the spectrum of genetic variants associated with ICP and provides evidence for a founder effect in the Maltese population.
Astaxanthin Inhibits Ferroptosis of Hippocampal Neurons in Kainic Acid‐Induced Epileptic Mice by Activating the Nrf2/GPX4 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Chen Shihao , Zhao Linqian , Jin Xing , Liu Qichang , Xiao Yuqing , Xu Huiqin
Published: February 2025

Background

Epilepsy, a prevalent neurological disorder, is distinguished by episodic abnormal discharges of neurons within the brain, resulting in transient brain dysfunction. Prior research has identified a novel form of cell death termed ferroptosis, which is intricately linked to the initiation and progression of epilepsy. It has been demonstrated that astaxanthin (AST) can inhibit ferroptosis by enhancing the activity of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), thereby providing cytoprotection. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether AST can alleviate neuronal ferroptosis in epilepsy by activating the Nrf2/GPX4 pathway, thereby exerting a neuroprotective effect.

Methods

By constructing a kainic acid (KA)‐induced epilepsy mouse model and a KA‐induced HT22 cell model, we employed behavioral testing, Western blot analysis, quantitative real‐time reverse transcription qRT‐PCR, ferroptosis‐related assay kits, immunofluorescence staining, and other methods. These methodologies were utilized to investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of AST on ferroptosis in KA‐induced epileptic mice and HT22 neurons.

Results

Our results demonstrate that AST pretreatment alleviates KA‐induced epileptic behaviors and cognitive impairments in mice and mitigates ferroptosis indicators such as lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial morphological alterations. This neuroprotective effect appears to be mediated by the activation of the Nrf2/GPX4 signaling axis. In vitro studies further revealed that AST confers neuroprotection against KA‐induced HT22 neuronal cell death, an effect that is abrogated by an Nrf2 inhibitor. Hence, the neuroprotective properties of AST are significantly associated with the modulation of the Nrf2‐mediated ferroptosis pathway, as corroborated by bioinformatics analyses.

Conclusion

The AST effectively inhibits neuronal ferroptosis in both in vivo and in vitro epilepsy models via the Nrf2/GPX4 pathway. This finding suggests that AST holds promise as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of epilepsy.
A New Seafood Import Policy for Nations to Combat Illegal Fishing
Authors: Roberson Leslie , Hosch Gilles , Wilcox Chris , Domiguez‐Martinez Rosa Mar , Sant Glenn , Klein Carissa
Published: February 2025

The environmental and social sustainability of seafood is jeopardized by rampant illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing. Regulations implemented by fishing countries and Regional Fisheries Management Organizations are insufficient to combat illegal fishing; complementary efforts from the consumer end of the supply chain are essential. Despite the growing reliance on imported seafood globally, only three market states have implemented legislation to regulate the legality of seafood products from other countries. We provide an overview of existing import regulations to address widespread confusion about the structure and scope of these measures. We propose eight key design criteria for more effective seafood import controls, emphasizing the need for a centralized, fully electronic catch documentation scheme with automated fraud checks and a broad scope of species covered. Broad adoption of import controls across more countries can collectively enhance global efforts to curb illegal seafood trade. Countries developing new seafood import policies, such as Australia, have the opportunity to design a world‐leading system that encourages multilateral cooperation to help combat illegal fishing. Through the implementation of import regulations that address key flaws in existing frameworks, consumer countries can foster a more cohesive and effective front against illegally sourced seafood, improving the sustainability of global fisheries.
DEKODE—A cloud‐based performance feedback model improved DKA care across multiple hospitals in the UK
Authors: Rengarajan Lakshmi N. , Cooper Catherine , Malhotra Kashish , Sharma Angelica , Philip Nevil , Abraham Anu Ann , Dhatariya Ketan , Narendran Parth , Kempegowda Punith ,   DEKODE and DEVI Group
Published: February 2025

Aim

A current gap in Diabetes‐related ketoacidosis (DKA) research is understanding the factors contributing to variations in care and outcomes between people admitted with DKA. We aimed to create a system to facilitate gathering data on DKA management across multiple centres and identify trends in complications and outcomes associated with DKA.

Research Design and Methods

Between January 2020 and December 2022, we set up a cloud‐based Quality improvement project (QIP) that provided regular feedback to 11 hospitals in the United Kingdom (UK).

Results

Of the 1977 episodes, we observed an increase in adherence in fluid prescription in hospitals C, D, E, F and G (C‐ 23% vs. 75% p = <0.001; D‐ 27% vs. 60%, p = <0.001; E‐ 17 vs. 79% p = <0.001; F‐ 16% vs. 57%, p = <0.001; G‐ 36% vs. 75% p = <0.001). Notable improvements in adherence to glucose monitoring were observed in hospitals B, D, and G (B‐ 11 vs. 38% p = <0.001; D‐ 36% vs. 56%, p = 0.05; G‐ 22% vs. 67% p = <0.001). Although we didn't observe significant changes in complications and outcomes among participating hospitals from the start to the end of the reported period, notable fluctuations were evident across quarters. These variations were relayed to the respective hospitals, underscoring how feedback and interventions could influence the care provided. This initiative also marks the initial move towards establishing and improving data collection practices in acute diabetes.

Conclusions

We demonstrate a sustainable QIP that improves adherence to national guidelines in some indicators for DKA care and serves as an early warning system to identify adverse trends.
The Role of Phytophthora and Water Shortage in the Canker Disease of Corymbia calophylla as Determined by Reflectance Spectroscopy and Biophysical Variables
Authors: Croeser Louise , Admiraal Ryan , Barber Paul , Burgess Treena I. , Hardy Giles E. St. J.
Published: February 2025

Corymbia calophylla (marri), an iconic keystone species in the northern jarrah forest of southwestern Australia, is suffering from a stem canker disease caused by an endemic fungus, Quambalaria coyrecup. It is unusual for an endemic pathogen to have such a detrimental effect on a co‐evolved host, unless host defence mechanisms have been compromised. This study investigated the role of Phytophthora cinnamomi root infection and water shortage in predisposing C. calophylla to this canker disease, and whether these two stresses work synergistically to intensify the effect of the canker pathogen on C. calophylla. The roots of two‐year‐old C. calophylla plants were inoculated with P. cinnamomi in pot infestation trials, and 8 weeks later in the stems with the canker pathogen Q. coyrecup. Half of the plants were exposed to a water shortage treatment for the duration of the trial. Biophysical variables related to plant responses to the treatments were measured at harvesting. Reflectance spectroscopy measurements with a portable high‐resolution spectroradiometer were also taken weekly. The normalised difference spectral index (NDSI) was calculated for every combination of reflectance values between 350 nm and 2500 nm for all time points, correlated with treatment effects, and displayed as heat maps. Fifty‐seven vegetation indices (VIs), using wavelengths from different regions in the electromagnetic spectrum, were also calculated from the spectral data. Neither P. cinnamomi nor the water shortage treatments exacerbated the effect of the canker pathogen on the plants. The canker treatment increased plant stem diameter and canker volume significantly (p < 0.001). The NDSI heat maps indicated that wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum's visible and shortwave infrared portions displayed the strongest correlations with the P. cinnamomi and water shortage treatments. For the canker treatment, it was the shortwave infrared portion. Six of the VIs responded significantly to the water shortage treatment: Carter index 1 (p < 0.001), renormalised difference vegetation index (p < 0.001), normalised difference water index (p = 0.012), normalised phaeophytinization index (p < 0.001), photochemical reflectance index (p < 0.001) and red‐green ratio index (p = 0.018). The renormalised difference vegetation index was also sensitive to the canker treatment (p < 0.001), and the Carter index 1 to the P. cinnamomi treatment (p < 0.001). Reflectance spectroscopy was able to track biochemical changes in C. calophylla leaves due to inoculation with P. cinnamomi, Q. coyrecup, and the water shortage treatment. However, more work must be done to identify optimum wavelengths specific to C. calophylla and its responses to pathogens.
Carbon‐Based Particles Inhibit Antigen Penetration Into the Skin by Adsorbing the Antigen
Authors: Ichinohe Rin , Segawa Ryosuke , Nakajo Takahisa , Hiratsuka Masahiro , Yoshii Takeharu , Pirabul Kritin , Pan Zhen‐Ze , Nishihara Hirotomo , Hirasawa Noriyasu
Published: February 2025

In most cases, atopic dermatitis (AD) is induced by allergic inflammation, with antigen penetration into the epithelial tissues of the skin being the first step in AD development. Accordingly, inhibiting the skin penetration of antigens is effective in preventing AD. We evaluated the ability of the following four types of particles to adsorb ovalbumin (OVA): titanium dioxide (TiO2), silicon dioxide (SiO2), carbon, and SiO2 coated with one‐layer graphene (1LGCS). We found that metal oxide particles (TiO2 and SiO2) could adsorb OVA at pH 5.0, but their abilities decreased at pH 7.0 and 9.0. In contrast, the carbon‐based particles (carbon and 1LGCS) adsorbed OVA regardless of pH changes. Epicutaneous treatment with OVA resulted in an increase in the proportion of OVA‐positive Langerhans cells and dermal dendritic cells in the lymph nodes, along with elevated interleukin‐4 mRNA expression, indicating that OVA penetrated the epidermis and underlying tissues. When OVA was applied together with the particles, these responses were significantly reduced by the carbon‐based particles but were only partially or not inhibited by metal oxide particles. These findings indicated that antigen penetration was potently inhibited by the carbon‐based particles. Additionally, when mice were epicutaneously sensitised and challenged with OVA in the presence of carbon, the increase in OVA‐specific IgG1 and IgE levels was significantly inhibited. The efficiency of carbon‐based particles may be attributed to their stable adsorption of proteins despite pH changes on the skin surface. These findings may lead to the development of new treatments for AD with fewer side effects.
Dose Modulation Strategies in Psoriatic Patients: Real‐Life Pilot Comparison Between Risankizumab and Guselkumab up to 12 Months After Dose Spacing
Authors: Mastorino Luca , Dapavo Paolo , Ortoncelli Michela , Bongiovanni Eleonora , Liao Yingying , Leo Francesco , Quaglino Pietro , Ribero Simone
Published: February 2025

The possibility of modulating the treatment regimen regarding dose reduction (de‐escalation) or dose augmentation (escalation) in psoriasis biological treatment has been of increasing interest. De‐escalation strategies include reducing the single therapeutic dose, the mg/kg ratio or the number of injections, or dose‐spacing (D‐S), that is, extending the interval between administrations. Data regarding dose de‐escalation, in particular D‐S, on IL‐23, are lacking to date. The present pilot study is a cohort study with a retrospective analysis of the general characteristics and effectiveness outcomes of psoriatic patients undergoing therapeutic biologic D‐S of risankizumab and guselkumab. Ninety‐four patients, 32 (34.04%) treated with guselkumab and 62 (65.96%) treated with risankizumab, underwent dose modulation by D‐S of 50% of the approved range. The mean PASI decreased from 12.15 (5.43 SD) to 0.15 (0.46 SD) at D‐S time. Attainment of PASI100 was rapid: 88.3% at the D‐S date, remaining stable over the following year, reaching 100% of patients observed 12 months after D‐S. Similar is the trend for PASI 90 and PASI <=1 with 91.49% and 97.87% of achievement at D‐S date, and all patients observed at 12 months post‐D‐S. The 12‐month drug survival of the D‐S regimen was 89.4%. Guselkumab showed a D‐S drug survival of 93.3% versus 89.5% of risankizumab. No differences in mean PASIs at each time point were found between guselkumab and risankizumab. To conclude therapeutic modulation of IL‐23 inhibitors in psoriatic patients who have achieved response stability seems a legitimate therapeutic strategy to maintain efficacy and safety.
From pipettes to playdates: establishing a parent support group in a research setting
Authors: Longley Rhea J , Samson Andre L , Atkin‐Smith Georgia , Carey Hulyer Alex R , Ashton Trent , Davidson Nadia M
Published: February 2025

In this article, we discuss our experiences and perspectives in forming a workplace Parents Group. We reflect on the need for these networks, what has worked well, and the challenges we’ve experienced. We also provide some practical advice for those with parenting‐related career disruptions for addressing this topic in grant applications.
The Impact of Higher Education Service Quality on Institutional Image and Student Satisfaction: The Role of Institutional Image as Mediator
Authors: Hossain Md Alamgir , Wu Renhong , Kalam Abul , Al Masud Abdullah , Islam Tarannum , Nur Habib Sadia
Published: February 2025

Measurement of student satisfaction and institutional image was frequently a challenge for stakeholders in higher education. The current study looks into how different institutional services in higher education impact institutional image and student satisfaction. A standardized questionnaire was employed in a self‐administered online survey to gather information, and 302 valid samples were then evaluated using a structural equation model. Empirical results indicate that teachers’ profiles, syllabus and curriculum, research activities, economic value, institutional facilities and management policies are the main influencers of institutional image and student satisfaction. Additionally, the findings indicate that the institutional image has a significant direct and mediating impact on student satisfaction. It is undeniable that contextual service‐driven constituents have a beneficial impact on both students’ perceptions of their academic lives and the institution's reputation. Given this, the current study could aid higher education institutions (HEIs) in offering competitive services pertaining to institutional image and student happiness, enabling them to achieve a sustained competitive edge over their competitors.
DLP 3D‐printing of dual porous YSZ ceramics with high mechanical properties using PMMA microsphere as pore‐forming agent
Authors: Liu Yansong , Liu Yongsheng , Cao Yejie , Zheng Xiang , Sun Xiaokun , Xu Yang
Published: February 2025

Dual porous yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) ceramics were fabricated via digital light processing (DLP) additive manufacturing using polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) microspheres as pore‐forming agent for the first time. The results showed that the introduction of PMMA microspheres effectively reduced the viscosity of the photosensitive YSZ ceramic slurry used in DLP printing, improved the cured depth of the slurry, and did not exert a strong influence on stability. After sintering at 1400°C, pores with dual scales were generated in the ceramics, while exhibiting the optimal physical and mechanical properties. With the increase of PMMA content from 0 to 40 vol%, the open porosity increased from 1.96% to 34.06% and the density decreased from 5.92 to 3.82 g/cm3, respectively. The compressive strength and thermal conductivity of porous ceramics decreased from 350.54 to 99.85 MPa and from 2.80 to 1.46 W/(m⋅K), respectively. This investigation opens up new prospects for the fabrication of porous YSZ ceramics with low thermal conductivity and high mechanical properties.
EEG frontal alpha asymmetry mediates the association between maternal and child internalizing symptoms in childhood
Authors: Sacks Dashiell D. , Wang Yiyi , Abron Asja , Mulligan Kaitlin M. , Kelsey Caroline M. , Xie Wanze , Nelson Charles A. , Bosquet Enlow Michelle
Published: February 2025

Background

Anxiety and depression are highly prevalent in youth and can cause significant distress and functional impairment. The presence of maternal anxiety and depression are well‐established risk factors for child internalizing psychopathology, yet the responsible mechanisms linking the two remain unclear.

Methods

We examined the potential mediating and moderating roles of EEG frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) in the intergenerational transmission of internalizing symptoms in a longitudinal sample of N = 323 mother–child dyads. Self‐report maternal internalizing symptoms were evaluated at child age 3 years and 5 years, child EEG at 5 years, and parent‐report child internalizing symptoms at age 7 years. Mediation was evaluated via bootstrapped (N = 5,000) confidence intervals.

Results

We found significant associations among maternal internalizing (anxiety, depressive) symptoms when their children were ages 3 and 5 years, child FAA at age 5 years, and child internalizing symptoms at age 7 years. There was a significant mediation effect, whereby greater maternal anxiety and depressive symptoms at age 3 years were significantly associated with FAA (greater relative right cortical activation) in children at age 5 years, which, in turn, was significantly associated with greater child internalizing symptoms at age 7 years (ps < .001). There was no moderating effect of FAA on the association between maternal internalizing symptoms at age 5 years and child internalizing symptoms at age 7 years.

Conclusions

Greater right frontal asymmetry may be a neurophysiological mechanism that mediates the intergenerational transmission of internalizing symptoms.
Using Item Parameter Predictions for Reducing Calibration Sample Requirements—A Case Study Based on a High‐Stakes Admission Test
Authors: Ulitzsch Esther , Belov Dmitry , Lüdtke Oliver , Robitzsch Alexander
Published: February 2025

In item difficulty modeling (IDM), item parameters are predicted from the items' linguistic features, aiming to ultimately render item calibration redundant. Current IDM applications, however, commonly do not yield the required prediction accuracy. To immediately exploit even somewhat inaccurate IDM predictions, we blend IDM with established Bayesian estimation techniques. We propose a two‐step approach where (1) IDM predictions are obtained and (2) employed to construct informative prior distributions. We evaluate the approach in a case study on small‐sample calibration of the 3PL in a high‐stakes test. First, concerning implementation, we find computationally efficient penalized maximum likelihood estimation to be comparable to the best‐performing MCMC‐based approach. Second, we investigate sample size reductions achievable with state‐of‐the‐art IDM predictions, finding negligible gains compared to merely considering the historical distribution of parameters. Third, we evaluate the prediction accuracy required for a targeted sample size reduction by gradually increasing simulated IDM prediction accuracies. We find that required accuracies can counterbalance each other, allowing calibration sample size to be reduced when either high‐quality item difficulty predictions or good predictions of item discriminations and pseudo‐guessing parameters are available. We argue that these evaluations provide new, portable IDM benchmarks quantifying performance in terms of achievable sample size reductions.
Capturing Real‐World Rare Disease Patient Journeys: Are Current Methodologies Sufficient for Informed Healthcare Decisions?
Authors: Cribbs Kristen A. , Blackmore Lucas T. A. , Banks Asia R. , Kim Da Sol , Lahue Betsy J.
Published: February 2025

Rationale

Despite growing emphasis among healthcare decision‐makers on patient perspectives and real‐world outcomes to inform care and access decisions, understanding of patient journey experiences in rare diseases remains limited due to data collection and evaluation challenges.

Aims and Objectives

This systematic literature review (SLR) assessed study designs, methodologies, and outcomes reported in real‐world investigations of rare disease patient journeys.

Methods

Searches in PubMed and Google Scholar targeted English‐language publications and congress proceedings from 1 January 2014, to 30 April 2024, including rare disease patients, caregivers, or healthcare providers. Keywords included ‘Journey’, ‘Path’, or ‘Odyssey’. Two reviewers independently assessed eligibility and abstracted data. Descriptive analyses and quality assessments were conducted.

Results

Thirty‐one studies met inclusion criteria, with 296,548 participants spanning over 600 rare diseases. Most studies used prospective observational (61%) and cross‐sectional (26%) designs and were conducted in Europe (45%). Interviews (39%) and surveys (29%) were common methodologies. Patients (87%) were the primary research focus, compared to caregivers (32%) or providers (10%). The most studied journey stages were ‘Pre‐diagnosis/Screening’ (97%) and ‘Diagnosis’ (84%), while ‘Disease Awareness’ (16%) and ‘Treatment Adherence’ (6%) were less common. Across 164 outcomes reported, frequent outcomes included ‘Healthcare Resource Utilization’ (94%), ‘Symptoms’ (74%), and ‘Time‐to‐Diagnosis’ (71%). Fewer studies reported ‘Costs’ (19%), ‘Caregiver/Family Burden’ (16%), and ‘Productivity’ (13%). Time‐to‐diagnosis averaged 11.8 years and a median of 6.1 years. All but one study (97%) was rated low or very low quality due to observational designs.

Conclusion

Most rare disease patient journey evidence focuses on ‘Pre‐diagnosis/Screening’ and ‘Diagnosis’ stages using qualitative methods and surveys. While symptoms, time‐to‐diagnosis, and resource utilization were commonly reported, evidence gaps included treatment adherence, caregiver burden and productivity. Longitudinal assessments to collect real‐world care and treatment burden outcomes, including caregiver perspectives, can enhance both clinician and policy decision‐making for individuals living with rare diseases.
Borderline Intellectual Functioning: A Scoping Review
Authors: Orío‐Aparicio Cristina , López‐Escribano Carmen , Bel‐Fenellós Cristina
Published: February 2025

Background

Borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) is a condition that involves limitations in cognitive skills that affect the daily functioning of people who present it. BIF has lost visibility in diagnostic manuals such as the DSM‐5‐TR and ICD‐11, which relegate it to complementary categories of aspects requiring attention, rather than recognising it as a category of its own. This lack of recognition as well as unclear criteria for diagnosis underscores the need for a deeper understanding of BIF.

Method

The study conducted a scoping review to map the available evidence in the field of BIF. Following the PRISMA‐ScR framework, ProQuest, WoS, SCOPUS and EBSCOhost databases were searched. Documents were selected based on inclusion criteria: date of publication (since 2012), study of BIF as a specific group and language (English or Spanish). A total of 138 documents were included, both academic and grey literature.

Results

The review mapped the literature into key categories: intellectual functioning, adaptive functioning and additions for a comprehensive evaluation. Most research focused on comorbid psychiatric, emotional and behavioural disorders associated with BIF, as well as cognitive aspects. Very few addressed adaptive functioning explicitly, a crucial area for diagnosing and supporting individuals with BIF, though many covered its domains (conceptual, social and practical). Studies predominantly used quantitative methodologies, with only a few incorporating qualitative methods and directly involving people with BIF.

Conclusions

The review emphasises the need for a clearer definition of BIF. Future studies should incorporate the perspectives of individuals with BIF to fully understand their needs and challenges across various life domains.
Ikelos‐Rating Scale: Validation of a Behavioural Severity Marker in REM Sleep Behaviour Disorder
Authors: Stotz Sophia , Bes Frederik , Kunz Dieter
Published: February 2025

The Ikelos‐Rating Scale (Ikelos‐RS) is a new, expert‐interviewed and bedpartner‐reported severity marker assessing frequency and expression of isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD), a precursor of clinical α‐synucleinopathies. This study aimed to validate the Ikelos‐RS in 180 patients with three‐night PSG‐confirmed iRBD (68.4 ± 8.3 years; 139 m). Inter‐rater (n = 45) and test–retest reliabilities (n = 25; 174 Ikelos‐RS) were evaluated. For construct validity, correlation analyses were performed with: (1) Clinical Global Impressions‐Severity (CGI‐S; n = 151), (2) REM sleep without atonia (RWA) within videometry (n = 20), (3) RWA at initial diagnosis (n = 131) and changes over time (n = 36), (4) dopamine transporter scintigraphy (DaT‐SPECT) at baseline and changes over time (n = 75). RWA‐ and DaT‐SPECT‐analyses were conducted for the whole sample (‘all’) and after excluding confounders (‘cleaned’). Correlation analyses indicated high inter‐rater (rs = 0.865, p < 0.001) and test–retest reliabilities (rs = 0.900, p < 0.001). Construct validity was supported by associations of Ikelos‐RS with (1) CGI‐S (rs = 0.845, p < 0.001), (2) RWA within videometric analysis (rs = 0.592, p = 0.006) and at baseline (‘all’: rs = 0.274, p = 0.002), (3) DaT‐binding (z‐scores) at baseline in right anterior putamen (AP) (‘all’: rs = −0.319, p = 0.005) and changes over time, most pronounced in right anterior putamen (AP) (‘all’: rs = −0.243, p = 0.035; ‘cleaned’: rs = −0.374, p = 0.008) and left posterior putamen (PP) (‘all’: rs = −0.259, p = 0.025; ‘cleaned’: rs = −0.319, p = 0.024). Given its high reliability and construct validity, demonstrated by associations with the best available severity markers DaT‐binding ratios and RWA, Ikelos‐RS appears to represent a reliable, valid and easy‐to‐use tool for measuring the severity of iRBD. Thus, Ikelos‐RS may prove beneficial in research. Its suitability as a screening tool in older at‐risk populations needs to be proven in future studies.
Inclusion
Authors: Perez Grecia L.
Published: February 2025

Economic inclusion is generally regarded as a desirable goal for historically marginalized communities, but a critical reading of this goal raises important questions: who is included and/or excluded? And what are the power relations that structure decisions about the form of inclusivity in any economic development process? In this essay, I reflect on my community‐engaged research with Just San Bernardino (Just SB), a coalition of nine community‐based and union organizations that formed in the wake of the Covid‐19 pandemic to redefine initiatives toward genuine forms of economic inclusion. This research documented long‐standing community frustrations and mismatched understandings of priorities among communities, grant‐making organizations, and governmental agencies. The research led Just SB to develop a People's Plan for an Inclusive Economy and a companion People's Dictionary to lay the groundwork for a shared understanding of key terms and their goals. Reflecting on this grassroots research process, I suggest that economic inclusion has no monolithic definition, but rather must be grounded in multiple social worldviews if we are to generate meaningful change.