bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth and Yield Parameters of Black Mustard (Brassica nigra L.) under Organic Manures and Different Spacing
Authors: Avinash Pulibandla , Singh Shikha , Manjula . , Kumar Mode Girish , Sasidhar Peruru
Published: May 2022

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi 2021 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P). The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.1), low in organic carbon (0.36 %), available N (171.48 kg/ha), available P (15.2 kg/ha) and available K (232.5 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with nine treatments each replicated thrice on the basis of one year experimentation. The treatments which are T1: FYM @ 10 t/ha + 20 x 10 cm, T2: FYM @ 10 t/ha + 30 x 10 cm, T3: FYM @ 10 t/ha + 40 x 10 cm, T4: Poultry Manure @ 4 t/ha + 20 x 10 cm, T5: Poultry Manure @ 4 t/ha + 30 x 10 cm, T6: Poultry Manure @ 4 t/ha + 40 x 10 cm, T7: Vermicompost @ 5 t/ha + 20 x 10 cm, T8Vermicompost @ 5 t/ha + 30 x 10 cm, T9: Vermicompost @ 5 t/ha + 40 x 10 cm. The results showed that application of Poultry Manure @ 4 t/ha + 30 x 10 cm recorded significantly higher plant height (134.04 cm), No. of Branches/plant (9.77), Plant dry weight (21.16 g/plant), Crop growth rate (5.16 g/m2/day), Siliqae/plant (174.74), Seeds/siliquae (33.19), Test weight (3.22 g), Seed yield (1749.38 kg/ha), Stover yield (3209.05 kg/ha), gross returns (Rs.96215.90/ha), net return (Rs.65210.90/ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.10) as compared to other treatments.
Differential Viability in Alpha-MEM Culturing Media May Predict Alternative Media Responsiveness in Dental Pulp Stem Cell (DPSC)
Authors: Viss Crystal , Banning Gavin , Swanbeck Sarah , Kingsley Karl
Published: May 2022

Objective: Dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) are the subjects of new and emerging fields of clinically applied biotechnology. However, much remains unknown regarding the most effective and appropriate methods for isolation, expansion and culture techniques for DPSC. To address these deficiencies, the primary objective of this study was to evaluate any effects of the major, commercially available cell culture media on DPSC phenotypes, such as growth, viability and biomarker expression.

Methods: This Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved study involved previously collected and cryopreserved DPSC isolates that were identified, thawed and cultured for this study (n=16). Each DPSC isolate was plated into 96-well assays under each of the experimental conditions (DMEM, DMEM:F12, RPMI, alpha-MEM) to determine any effects on cellular growth and viability. RNA was extracted from all DPSC isolates under the optimal growth conditions for screening using qPCR primers specific for DPSC biomarkers, such as Sox-2, Oct-4 and NANOG.

Results: Comparison of the standard DPSC cell culture media alpha-MEM to DMEM revealed differential results. Comparison of alpha-MEM to DMEM:F12 revealed no change among some DPSCs (n=3), decreased viability (n=8) or increased viability (n=5) - similar to the comparisons with RMPI demonstrating no change (n=5), decreased viability (n=6) or increased viability (n=5). Further analysis revealed that DPSC with low viability (<50%) in alpha-MEM responded positively to one or more of the culture media alternatives, while virtually none of DPSC with high viability (>50%) responded to any of the other experimental conditions. Screening of mRNA using qPCR revealed most DPSC isolates continued to express one or more of the pluripotent stem cell biomarkers (Oct4, Sox2, Nestin, NANOG), but no clear pattern of growth  with the optimal media type correlated with viability.

Conclusions: These results demonstrated that many DPSC isolates responded positively to one or more of these media, including DMEM, DMEM:F12, RPMI when viability was <50% using the standard DPSC culture media alpha-MEM, but not when viability was >50%. These findings may be broadly applicable and add significantly to the evidence regarding the potential culturing methods that may be employed in various ex vivo and in vitro DPSC studies.
Performance Evaluation and Optimization of a Two Horse Power Concentric Tube Heat Exchanger
Authors: Amauche Ibiam Prince , Joseph Udonne , H Jeremiah Saviour. , Lilian Ezeamama
Published: May 2022

The aim of this research work was to improve the performance of a two horse power (2hp) shell and tube heat exchanger. The available area obtained from calculation is 3.77×10-³m2 and 383.75W/M²K. Overall heart transfer coefficient was obtained. The heat exchanger was satisfactory and consists of one pass copper tube of internal diameter 10mm and length 120mm. The shell length and internal diameter of the shell are 95mm and 60mm respectively. The concentric tube heat exchanger has a total length of 245mm and 136mm width. The hot fluid passes through the copper tube while the cold fluid move on the annulus made of mild steel. The results of the experiment shows that the heat was transferred from the hot fluid gradually move counter currently to the cold fluid in the same direction of flow. Mild steel was used for the construction of the shell while copper was used for the tube. The efficiency is 51.89% was obtained. This confirmed that the optimized equipment is more efficient than initial machine performance efficiency of 40.76%. Significantly, this equipment is of great need when vaporized liquid must be recovered back as liquid at specified conditions and also control the flow of thermal energy between two terminals.
Comparative Analysis of Bacteriological Profile of Urine and Stent Culture among Patients with Ureteric Double J Stent
Authors: Soomro Niaz , Bumbia Hira Anis , Abdullah . , Sajan . , Javed Atif , Fawad Ahmed
Published: May 2022

Background: A common indication in urological pathologies and especially in instances of ureteric calculi/obstruction, is the placement of ureteric catheter such as the double J stent. 76% of patient with double J stent may encounter adverse outcome owing to bacterial colonization of their stents. Though antibiotic administration may help counter the situation, the implicated microorganisms are hard to determine. One may suggest that a urine culture may offer insight into the matter, however, little is known how bacteriology of the urine and stent culture resemble and thus a comparative analysis is much needed.

Objective: To compare the bacteriologic profile of urine and stent culture to determine the incidence and etiology of bacteriuria among patients with ureteric double J stent.

Methodology: This cross-sectional analysis, was conducted upon a sample of 219 patients (of either gender, aged 10 to 70 years) presenting for ureteric double J stent removal from June 2021 to February 2022 at Ziauddin University Hospital, Karachi. After taking written informed consent, data was recorded onto a pre-structured questionnaire containing inquiries pertaining to basic biodata, sociodemographic details, bacteriological profiles of the urine and ureteric double J stent culture. The data obtained was analyzed using SPSS v. 21.0.

Results: Among the sample 51.6% of the patients were males, while the remaining 48.4% were females. The mean age of the sample stood at 38 (SD ± 9.1). The total incidence of bacterial colonization was seen in 61.64% and 19.6% of stent and urine cultures respectively, with Enterococci being the commonest (54.8%) organism in stent culture and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa being the commonest (32.6%) in urine culture.

Conclusion: After careful consideration, it can be concluded that the incidence of bacterial colonization among both cultures, in addition to the detailed bacteriological profiles of urine and ureteric double J stent culture differ considerably and urine culture may not serve as an ideal indicator of stent colonization and antibiotic prophylaxis should continue to be practiced among symptomatic patients despite a sterile urine culture.
Marketing Communications and their Impact on Managing Crises in Tourist Destinations
Authors: Radhi Dr. Alaa Abd Al Hussein
Published: May 2022

The research topic was chosen as a result of the importance of the topic of marketing communications in the marketing process and tourism organizations alike, and the research problem is focused on the philosophy and impact of marketing communications, its role in restoring tourist destinations during crises, and the research aims to know the relationship between marketing communications and tourist destinations and to know the constraints and problems that hinder organizations Tourism through the application of modern concepts of marketing communications during crises, and the research reached a set of conclusions and recommendations, the most important of which was that the rapid and transparent publication of accurate and available scientific information about the crisis can build public confidence and can be to adopt creative and innovative marketing communication activities and to choose appropriate and sufficient marketing communication tools. Crisis management has a great and successful influence.
Did you look that up? How retrieving from smartphones affects memory for source
Authors: Siler Jessica , Hamilton Kristy A. , Benjamin Aaron S.
Published: May 2022

It is difficult to monitor whether information was originally retrieved internally, from our own memory, or externally, from another person or a device. We report two experiments that examined whether people were more likely to confuse prior access to information on a smartphone with accessing their own knowledge. Participants were experimentally assigned to either attempt to answer questions from memory or with a smartphone. One week later, we tested memory for the answers and source memory for the modality of the original attempt to retrieve the answer. Participants exhibited poorer source memory for answers retrieved from a smartphone than for answers they initially attempted to retrieve from memory. Experiment 2 demonstrated that memory for the information was equivalent across conditions. These results demonstrate that we are prone to confusing information retrieved from internal and external memory stores, and we have a cognitive bias to appropriate external knowledge as our own.
Waterproof, Anti‐Impacted, and Ultrathin Carbon‐Based Air Pressure Sensors Toward Aerodynamic Tests on High‐Speed Trains
Authors: Hu Fengming , Chen Zhiming , Xu Bin , Wang Qianxuan , Huang Xingpeng , Yang Hao , Liang Hongpeng , Chen Guoning , Zheng Jintao , Hu Xiaoyan , Liang Baowen , Huang Jingcheng , Liu Tanghong , Luo Jianyi
Published: May 2022

Air pressure sensors play a crucial role in aerodynamic tests on high‐speed trains, especially when the aerodynamic problems become more significant when the speed of high‐speed trains increases. The air pressure sensors used for aerodynamic testing of high‐speed trains are currently based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), which are thick, difficult to adjust linear range, and easily damaged by overloading force and water, thus cannot satisfy all‐weather train aerodynamic monitoring. Herein, a flexible ultrathin air pressure sensor for aerodynamic testing of high‐speed trains is reported; this sensor is based on a sensing material of carbon fiber beams and a sealed microchamber structure. The microchamber structure model allows the sensor to achieve high sensitivity in the target linear range by adjusting the initial internal pressure of the sealed microchamber. Meanwhile, the sealed microchamber structure enables the sensor to be waterproof and anti‐impacted. The sensor can work in water for at least 500 min and remain undamaged after being run over by a car with a weight of approximately 1550 kg. Furthermore, this air pressure sensor has been successfully applied in real‐time train surface pressure monitoring and shows the fantastic perspective for sensors toward aerodynamic tests on the high‐speed trains.
Radio‐Frequency Rapid Thermal Processing Enabling Spatial Phase Transformation and Nanocrystallization of Soft Magnetic Amorphous Alloys
Authors: Talaat Ahmed , Greve David W. , Tan Shibo , Paplham Tyler , Byerly Kevin , McHenry Michael E. , Ohodnicki Paul R.
Published: May 2022

Thermal processing of soft magnetic amorphous and nanocrystalline alloys is explored under the influence of radio‐frequency induction‐heating techniques. Direct induction‐heating concepts based on longitudinal and transverse flux heating are examined and the details of electromagnetic fields interaction with metallic strips are discussed by analytical calculations as well as finite element analysis. Initial experimental results confirming spatial control of phase transformations and nanocrystallization within a single strip of Finemet Fe‐based amorphous ribbons are reported. The degree to which primary and secondary crystallization temperature are achieved depends on the spacing between the ribbon relative to the induction coil as well as the coil design and configuration. For transverse coil configurations, the local temperature and therefore microstructural evolution is different across the lateral dimension of processed ribbons, with reduced gap sizes producing enhanced peak temperatures and larger temperature distributions with greater spatial variation in microstructure. In addition, indirect susceptor‐based induction heating under tension is performed and the impact of microstructure is demonstrated. Herein, potential for exploiting spatially optimized phase transformations is illustrated through electromagnetic field–assisted processing in a scalable manufacturing process with amorphous and nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloys.
Surface Free Energy Theory for Evaluating Moisture Damage in Expandable Polyurethane Grouting Materials
Authors: Wang Chaojie , Zhao Weifan , Guo Chengchao , Du Xueming , Pan Yanhui , Gao Jianglin , Gao Xinlei
Published: May 2022

The resistance properties of the interface between polyurethane(PU) grouting materials and rocks subjected to water erosion are the theoretical basis for evaluating the long‐term performance, which, however, is not clear yet. Herein, surface free energy (SFE) theory is used to analyze the mechanism of water damage at the interface between the polyurethane and rock. The surface energy parameters of various PU grouting materials with different densities, limestone, and granite rock materials are tested. The adhesion and peeling work indices are calculated by the SFE theory. The results show that water brings little influence on PU grouting materials. The lower the density of PU is, the better the hydrophobicity is. The increase in the density of PU promotes adhesion between the PU and rock with and without water. Moreover, density increases the difference between SFEs of PU–rock and water–rock, decreasing the detachment tendency of PU over the rocks. Lithology also affects the adhesion of PU and rocks. PU–granite composite exhibits the largest adhesion work and smallest peeling work, which indicates that it has stronger water damage resistance. Finally, the validity of the surface energy theory is proved by mechanical, bond tests and the application.
Research Development on Aqueous Ammonium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Ruding , Wang Shun , Chou Shulei , Jin Huile
Published: May 2022

Aqueous rechargeable batteries (ARBs) are provided with the merits of low cost, inherent security, environmental friendliness, and excellent electrochemical properties. Among various aqueous battery systems, aqueous ammonium‐ion batteries (AIBs) have shown great potential in low‐cost energy storage systems for future large‐scale smart grid applications due to their unique advantages including resource affordability and quite competitive electrochemical performance and received extensive research attention during recent years. Their unique battery chemistry also brings new insights and understanding into exploration of electrode and battery design. However, research on aqueous AIBs is still in its infancy and there are still many scientific issues in AIBs system worth exploring. In this paper, the latest developments in electrode materials, electrolytes, and battery chemistry in AIBs are reviewed in detail timely. Then further challenges and opportunities are pointed out.
Exploring Next‐Generation Functional Organic Phase Change Composites
Authors: Yang Jie , Zhou Yi‐Cun , Yang Lu‐Yao , Feng Chang‐Ping , Bai Lu , Yang Ming‐Bo , Yang Wei
Published: May 2022

As one of the main forms and intermediate carriers of energy, it is impressive to expand the application scope of heat energy, thereby boosting innovations in heat harvesting, conversion, storage, regulation, and utilization associated with the relevant techniques. Phase change materials (PCMs), as a state‐of‐the‐art latent heat storage technique, have garnered increasing interest in heat‐related applications over the past decades, and abundant high‐performance PCMs with excellent shape stability and salient thermal conductivity have been developed. This review focuses on the issues concerning organic PCMs from the perspectives of flexible, multifunctional, and smart phase change composites, along with emerging applications and processing technologies, which are expected to offer possible guidance for the exploration of next‐generation advanced functional phase change composites.
O‐Tailored Microstructure‐Engineered Interface toward Advanced Room Temperature All‐Solid‐State Na Batteries
Authors: Li Lin , Xu Ruonan , Zhang Long , Zhang Ziqi , Yang Meng , Liu Di , Yan Xinlin , Zhou Aijun
Published: May 2022

The severe parasitic interface reaction and dendrite growth retard the practical applications of all‐solid‐state (ASS) Na batteries with sulfide solid electrolytes (SEs). Here, a novel composite SE is proposed, with a high ionic conductivity, composed of Na3SbS4 (NSS) and oxysulfide glass. The study reveals that the P2S7‐aOa and PS4‐aOa units in oxysulfide play various roles: The former is deoxidized to release free O ions, which reacts with the anode via migrating to form oxides, favoring an improved interface stability. The latter is highly stable upon cycling, thereby maintaining an ion transport network. Meanwhile, NSS acts as a dendrite predator via reacting with penetrated Na. These advantages enable the resulting ASS Na battery with superior long‐term cycling performance at a high current density at room temperature, one of the best results so far. This discovery sheds light on innovative advanced SE materials through an oxysulfide‐based composite design.
Flexible 3D Nanonetworked Silica Film as a Polymer‐Free Drug‐Eluting Stent Platform to Effectively Suppress Tissue Hyperplasia in Rat Esophagus
Authors: Jeon Eunyoung , Kang Jeon Min , Bae Ga‐Hyun , Zeng Chu Hui , Shin Seungyong , Lee Byeongdu , Park Wooram , Park Jung‐Hoon , Lee Joonseok
Published: May 2022

Loading and eluting drugs on self‐expandable metallic stents (SEMSs) can be challenging in terms of fabrication, mechanical stability, and therapeutic effects. In this study, a flexible 3D nanonetworked silica film (NSF) capable of withstanding mechanical stress during dynamic expansion is constructed to function as a drug delivery platform on an entire SEMS surface. Despite covering a broad curved area, the synthesized NSF is defect‐free and thin enough to increase the stent strut diameter (110 µm) by only 0.4 percent (110.45 µm). The hydrophobic modification of the surface enables loading of 4.7 times the sirolimus (SRL) concentration in NSF than Cypher, polymer‐coated commercial stent, which is based on the same thickness of coating layer. Furthermore, SRL‐loaded NSF exhibits a twofold delay in release compared to the control group without NSF. The SRL‐loaded NSF SEMS significantly suppresses stent‐induced tissue hyperplasia than the control SEMS in the rat esophagus (all variables, p < 0.05). Thus, the developed NSF is a promising polymer‐free drug delivery platform to efficiently treat esophageal stricture.
Study of Resistive Switching and Biodegradability in Ultralow Power Memory Device Based on All‐Inorganic Ag/AgBi2I7/ITO Structure
Authors: Yang Xiaoting , Zhong Shuai , Wang Ke , Ye Zhanhong , Zhang Ruoxuan , Wei Huanqi , Zhao Lirong , Li Wenping , Chen Yan , Cui Yimin
Published: May 2022

The cross‐compatibility of electronic devices and biomedicine has greatly promoted the new medical diagnosis and treatment technology. Developing biodegradable resistive random access memory device (ReRAM) with low power is key to biomedical application. In this paper, the all‐inorganic air‐stable and high‐quality AgBi2I7 perovskite‐like film is successfully prepared by introducing Ag+ into the Bi‐I system. The device has a higher ON/OFF ratio after annealing in NH3 compared with annealing in vacuum, and the switching behavior changes from gradual type to abrupt filamentary type. Meanwhile, ultralow power characteristic with the set power of 6.9 × 10–7 W (0.42V@1.6 × 10–6A) and the reset power of 1.5 × 10–8 W (1V@1.5 × 10–8A) is achieved in the Ag/AgBi2I7/ITO memory devices after annealing in NH3. Good biodegradability is affirmed via put Ag/AgBi2I7/ITO device in PBS solution. Results show that the Ag/AgBi2I7/ITO memory devices are the promising candidate in the field of biomedical application.
Enhanced Efficiency and Stability in Sb2S3 Seed Layer Buffered Sb2Se3 Solar Cells
Authors: Amin Al , Li Dian , Duan Xiaomeng , Vijayaraghavan S. N. , Menon Harigovind G. , Wall Jacob , Weaver Mark , Cheng Mark Ming‐Cheng , Zheng Yufeng , Li Lin , Yan Feng
Published: May 2022

Antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) has excellent directional optical and electronic behaviors due to its quasi‐1D nanoribbons structure. The photovoltaic performance of Sb2Se3 solar cells largely depends on the orientation of the nanoribbons. It is desired to grow these Sb2Se3 ribbons normal to the substrate to enhance photoexcited carrier transport. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a strategy for the vertical growth of Sb2Se3 nanoribbons to achieve high‐efficiency solar cells. Since antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) and Sb2Se3 are from the same space group (Pbnm) and have the same crystal structure, herein an ultrathin layer (≈20 nm) of Sb2S3 has been used to assist the vertical growth of Sb2Se3 nanoribbons to improve the overall efficiency of Sb2Se3 solar cell. The Sb2S3 thin layer deposited by the hydrothermal process helps the Sb2Se3 ribbons grow normal to the substrate and increases the efficiency from 5.65% to 7.44% through the improvement of all solar cell parameters. This work is expected to open a new direction to tailor the Sb2Se3 grain growth and further develop the Sb2Se3 solar cell in the future.
Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence with Sub‐Microsecond Short Exciton Lifetimes: Acceleration of Triplet–Singlet Spin Interconversion via Quadrupolar Charge‐Transfer States
Authors: Min Hyukgi , Park In Seob , Yasuda Takuma
Published: May 2022

Exciton lifetime is a critical factor in determining the performance of optoelectronic functional systems and devices. Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters that can concurrently achieve a high fluorescence quantum yield and short exciton lifetime are desirable for application in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) with suppressed efficiency roll‐off. Herein, phenoxaborin and xanthone‐cored TADF emitters with quadrupolar electronic structures are reported to exhibit sub‐microsecond TADF lifetimes as short as 650 and 970 ns, respectively, while preserving high fluorescence quantum yields. By extending the El‐Sayed rule to the quadrupolar π‐systems, the contribution of doubly degenerate charge‐transfer excited states induced by dual donor units can enhance the spin–orbit coupling between them, leading to a spin‐flip acceleration between the excited triplet and singlet states. This electronic feature is advantageous for mitigating exciton annihilation processes in the emission layer, thereby reducing the efficiency roll‐offs in OLEDs. Consequently, a high external electroluminescence quantum efficiency over 20% can be retained, even under operating the device at a high luminance of 1000 cd m−2.
Recent Developments in Functional Nanocomposite Photocatalysts for Wastewater Treatment: A Review
Authors: Li Na , Ma Jinming , Zhang Yaru , Zhang Lexin , Jiao Tifeng
Published: May 2022

The dyes and nitroaromatic pollutants from wastewater have attracted much attention due to their huge safety risks to human society. At present, nanomaterials as catalysts of photocatalytic degradation have emerged as attractive and effective materials for wastewater treatment. On the one hand, much work has been focused on the search for nanomaterials with high catalytic activity, such as precious metal nanoparticles (NPs) and other advanced functional materials (e.g. graphene oxide (GO), MXenes, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), etc.). On the other hand, modifications of existing photocatalysts to enhance their photocatalytic activity have also been explored. In this paper, photocatalysts in various dimensions (including precious metal nanoparticles, nanofibres, 2D nanosheets such as MXenes, and MOFs) are been described. The deposition of nano photocatalysts by different techniques such as the formation of hydrogel structures to immobilize the catalysts, the treatment of nanocatalysts using electrospinning technique, and the formation of core‐shell structures to enhance catalytic activity are also discussed. These techniques not only solve the aggregation of NPs due to their high surface energy but also impart unique properties to the nano photocatalysts. This review explores the synthesis of nano photocatalysts in different dimensions and their application in the catalytic degradation of dyes and nitro compounds, providing good leads for nano photocatalysts in materials design and environmental remediation.
Artificial intelligence‐based technology to make a three‐dimensional pelvic model for preoperative simulation of rectal cancer surgery using MRI
Authors: Hamabe Atsushi , Ishii Masayuki , Kamoda Rena , Sasuga Saeko , Okuya Koichi , Okita Kenji , Akizuki Emi , Miura Ryo , Korai Takahiro , Takemasa Ichiro
Published: May 2022

Aim

A new technique that allows visualization of whole pelvic organs with high accuracy and usability is needed for preoperative simulation in advanced rectal cancer surgery. In this study, we developed an automated algorithm to create a three‐dimensional (3D) model from pelvic MRI using artificial intelligence (AI) technology.

Methods

This study included a total of 143 patients who underwent 3D MRI in a preoperative examination for rectal cancer. The training dataset included 133 patients, in which ground truth labels were created for pelvic vessels, nerves, and bone. A 3D variant of U‐net was used for the network architecture. Ten patients who underwent lateral lymph node dissection were used as a validation dataset. The correctness of the vascular labelling was assessed for pelvic vessels and the Dice similarity coefficients calculated for pelvic bone.

Results

An automatic segmentation algorithm that extracts the artery, vein, nerve, and pelvic bone was developed, automatically producing a 3D image of the entire pelvis. The total time needed for segmentation was 133 seconds. The success rate of the AI‐based segmentation was 100% for the common and external iliac vessels, but the rates for the vesical vein (75%), superior gluteal vein (60%), or accessory obturator vein (63%) were suboptimal. Regarding pelvic bone, the average Dice similarity coefficient between manual and automatic segmentation was 0.97 (standard deviation 0.0043).

Conclusion

Though there is room to improve the segmentation accuracy, the algorithm developed in this study can be utilized for surgical simulation in the treatment of advanced rectal cancer.
RETRACTED: Population features of alleles and genotypes frequency distribution of polymorphic genetic markers of antipsychotic medications pharmacokinetics in the Kazakh population
Authors: Saduakassova Korlan Z. , Svyatova Gulnara S.
Published: May 2022

The presented article is relevant, as the main goals of schizophrenia treatment are to achieve a response to psychopharmacotherapy, reduction and stabilization of psychopathological symptoms, qualitative remission, which in general implies the creation of a stable quality of life for the patient. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the population features of the frequency distribution of alleles and genotypes of polymorphic genetic variants of according to genome‐wide association studies analysis of pharmacokinetics‐associated antipsychotic medications, in an ethnically homogeneous Kazakh population. The research material was deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) isolated from the peripheral blood of 1,800 conditionally healthy persons of Kazakh nationality. DNA isolation was carried out by the magnetic polyvinyl alcohol magnetic particle separation method. The analysis of the frequency distribution of the studied genotypes in the Kazakh population showed their compliance with the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium for all studied polymorphisms (p > .05). The obtained results showed that CYP2C19 (rs4244285, rs4986893) polymorphisms occurs in Kazakhs significantly more often than European and a number of Asian populations, which significantly affects the decrease in effectiveness and increases the risk of side complications during therapy with antipsychotic medications in the Kazakh population.
Urgent and emergent breast lesions – A primer for the general radiologist, on‐call resident and sonographer
Authors: Bhatt Asha A. , Woodard Genevieve A. , Lee Christine U. , Hesley Gina K.
Published: May 2022

There are very few true breast emergencies. While infrequent, women do present to emergency departments or urgent care centres with breast‐related concerns. In this case‐based review, both common and uncommon urgent and emergent breast lesions are presented, emphasising ultrasound characteristics and imaging optimisation to improve accurate diagnosis and appropriate recommendations.
Anchoring Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots on Fe‐Doped W18O49 Nanowires for Efficient Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation
Authors: Dong Guojun , Huang Xiaojuan , Bi Yingpu
Published: May 2022

Herein, we demonstrate that the surface anchoring of black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) and bulk iron‐doping in W18O49 nanowires significantly promotes the photocatalytic activity toward N2 fixation into NH3. More specifically, a NH3 production rate of up to 187.6 μmol g−1 h−1 could be achieved, nearly one order of magnitude higher than that of pristine W18O49 (18.9 μmol g−1 h−1). Comprehensive experiments and density‐functional theory calculations reveal that Fe‐doping could enhance the reducing ability of photo‐generated electrons by decreasing the work function and elevating the defect band (d‐band) centers. Additionally, the surface BPQDs anchoring could facilitate the N2 adsorption/activation owing to the increased adsorption energy and advantaged W−P dimer bonding‐mode. Therefore, synergizing the surface BPQD anchoring and bulk Fe‐doping remarkably enhanced the photocatalytic activity of W18O49 nanowires for NH3 production.
Synthesis of W‐Phos Ligand and Its Application in the Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Addition of Linear Grignard Reagents to Ketones
Authors: Luo Wenjun , Zhang Li‐Ming , Zhang Zhan‐Ming , Zhang Junliang
Published: May 2022

The asymmetric catalytic addition of linear Grignard reagents to ketones has been a long‐standing challenge in organic synthesis. Herein, a novel family of PNP ligands (W‐Phos) was designed and applied in copper‐catalyzed asymmetric addition of linear Grignard reagents to aryl alkyl ketones, allowing facile access to versatile chiral tertiary alcohols in good to high yields with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 94 % yield, 96 % ee). The process can also be used to synthesize chiral allylic tertiary alcohols from more challenging α,β‐unsaturated ketones. Notably, the potential utility of this method is demonstrated in the gram‐scale synthesis and modification of various densely functionalized medicinally relevant molecules.
Fast Protein Modification in the Nanomolar Concentration Range Using an Oxalyl Amide as Latent Thioester**
Authors: Snella Benoît , Grain Benjamin , Vicogne Jérôme , Capet Frédéric , Wiltschi Birgit , Melnyk Oleg , Agouridas Vangelis
Published: May 2022

We show that latent oxalyl thioester surrogates are a powerful means to modify peptides and proteins in highly dilute conditions in purified aqueous media or in mixtures as complex as cell lysates. Designed to be shelf‐stable reagents, they can be activated on demand to enable ligation reactions with peptide concentrations as low as a few hundred nM at rates approaching 30 M−1 s−1.
A Separation‐Sensing Platform Performing Accurate Diagnosis of Jaundice in Complex Biological Tear Fluids
Authors: Zhao Weidong , Li Jinming , Xue Zhenjie , Qiao Xuezhi , Li Ailin , Chen Xiangyu , Feng Yun , Yang Zhou , Wang Tie
Published: May 2022

The detection of biomarkers in tears has aroused great interest owing to the advantages of non‐invasive and rapid collection. The combination of ultrasensitivity and label‐free detection of surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) sensors is expected to achieve real‐time diagnosis in home medical care. However, the surface of SERS sensors is susceptible to biofouling and inactivation by biological impurities in tears, resulting in rapid degradation of sensitivity, limiting the commercialization of point‐of‐care devices. Herein, a binary nanosphere array with dual properties is constructed as a separation‐sensing platform for the diagnosis of target molecules in tears. The upper part of the structure is composed of Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) and a sputtering Au layer, which can bind the target molecules that interact with Au and provide high‐strength and high‐density SERS hotspots. The lower half is an inactive SiO2 nanosphere array with periodic large pores that allows biological impurities to penetrate the lower part and be separated from the target analyte. Furthermore, this substrate was integrated into homemade tear kits, enabling simultaneous tear collection, pre‐separation, and detection. Combined with the Raman spectra of tears and LDA analysis, we successfully identified patients with jaundice in clinics. This platform is expected to provide an opportunity for early disease screening based on biological fluids.
Synthesis and Isolation of a Kekulé Hydrocarbon with a Triplet Ground State
Authors: Shimizu Akihiro , Morikoshi Tetsuya , Sugisaki Kenji , Shiomi Daisuke , Sato Kazunobu , Takui Takeji , Shintani Ryo
Published: May 2022

Design, synthesis, and isolation of a Kekulé hydrocarbon with a triplet ground state is described. Its triplet ground state was unambiguously confirmed by ESR experiments, and the structure and fundamental physical properties were also revealed. The key feature of the molecular design is the decrease in the bonding interaction in the singlet state by aromatic stabilization of benzene rings and the increase of the exchange interaction of unpaired electrons which are favorable for the triplet state. These results contribute to the development of hydrocarbon‐based organic magnetic materials.
Rapid and Sequential Dual Oxime Ligation Enables De Novo Formation of Functional Synthetic Membranes from Water‐Soluble Precursors
Authors: Flores Judith , Brea Roberto J. , Lamas Alejandro , Fracassi Alessandro , Salvador‐Castell Marta , Xu Cong , Baiz Carlos R. , Sinha Sunil K. , Devaraj Neal K.
Published: May 2022

Cell membranes define the boundaries of life and primarily consist of phospholipids. Living organisms assemble phospholipids by enzymatically coupling two hydrophobic tails to a soluble polar head group. Previous studies have taken advantage of micellar assembly to couple single‐chain precursors, forming non‐canonical phospholipids. However, biomimetic nonenzymatic coupling of two alkyl tails to a polar head‐group remains challenging, likely due to the sluggish reaction kinetics of the initial coupling step. Here we demonstrate rapid de novo formation of biomimetic liposomes in water using dual oxime bond formation between two alkyl chains and a phosphocholine head group. Membranes can be generated from non‐amphiphilic, water‐soluble precursors at physiological conditions using micromolar concentrations of precursors. We demonstrate that functional membrane proteins can be reconstituted into synthetic oxime liposomes from bacterial extracts in the absence of detergent‐like molecules.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Atropisomeric Biaryl Phosphorus Compounds by Chiral‐Phosphonium‐Salt‐Enabled Cascade Arene Formation
Authors: Zhu Lixiang , Peng Heling , Guo Yan , Che Jixing , Wu Jia‐Hong , Su Zhishan , Wang Tianli
Published: May 2022

Axially chiral biaryl monophosphorus molecules, exemplified by atropisomeric 1,1′‐biaryl aminophosphines, are significant motifs in numerous chiral ligands/catalysts. Developing efficient methods for preparing phosphorus compounds with these privileged motifs is an important endeavor in synthetic chemistry. Herein, we develop an effective, modular method by a chiral‐phosphonium‐salt‐catalyzed novel cascade between phosphorus‐containing nitroolefins and α,α‐dicyanoolefins, leading to a great diversity of atropisomeric biaryls bearing phosphorus groups in high yields with excellent stereoselectivities. The reaction features include a Thorpe‐type cycloaddition/oxidative hydroxylation/aromatization cascade pathway with a central‐to‐axial chirality transfer process. Insight gained from our studies is expected to advance general efforts towards the catalytic synthesis of atropisomeric biaryl phosphorus compounds, offering a platform for developing new efficient chiral ligands and catalysts.
Review on intrinsically recyclable flame retardant thermosets enabled through covalent bonds
Authors: Rashid Muhammad Abdur , Liu Wanshuang , Wei Yi , Jiang Qiuran
Published: May 2022

Developing thermosets with inherent recyclability and flame retardancy is a great importance from the views of fire safety, resource conservation and environmental protection. Owing to their superior mechanical properties, versatility, outstanding adhesion‐ability, durability, thermal, and solvent stability comparable to conventional thermosets while demonstrating end‐of‐life reuse, recyclable thermosetting materials have gained much interest as an attractive class of sustainable thermosets. The chemical structure of thermosets includes dynamic covalent networks that provide durability and reprocessability. However, these recyclable thermosets possess significant flammability, limiting their application in automobiles, railways, aircraft, buildings, and electronic items. Thus, it is urgent to include them with flame retardants. The goal of this review paper is to give a broad understanding of the study by highlighting and discussing recent advances as well as future prospects for inherently recyclable flame retardant thermosets (RFRs). Moreover, synthesis methods have been highlighted to improve the design of internally recyclable fire retardant thermosets. A distinct emphasis will be given on the inherent RFRs in terms of flame retardancy, recycling property, physical properties, and thermal stability. Finally, we will explore the importance and threats that intrinsically recyclable flame retardant thermosets face in the future.
Mechanical properties of 3D printed micro‐nano rice husk/polylactic acid filaments
Authors: Sun Yufeng , Wang Yapeng , Mu Wenlong , Zheng Zipeng , Yang Bin , Wang Jinwei , Zhang Runkai , Zhou Kaiyuan , Chen Liang , Ying Jilai , Liu Xinping , Xu Guangyin
Published: May 2022

In this study, micro‐nano rice husks (MNRH) fibers are compounded in polylactic acid (PLA) to produce 3D‐printed filaments by using melt blending method, and some properties of the printed samples of different surface treatment processes are measured. Two silane coupling agents of KH550 and KH570 are severally used on MNRH and PLA to mitigate the surface quality deficiencies for an intimate interfacial bond. Microstructural analysis shows that the MNRH fibers of the composites treated by silane coupling agent have a better dispersing performance. Fourier transform infrared illustrates that the KH550 and KH570 are successfully grafted onto PLA and MNRH fibers. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DSC) suggests that the thermostability and crystallinity of the composites treated by silane coupling agents are enhanced. Water absorption experiments shows that the water resistance of the composites is greatly increased by KH550 and KH570. In comparison with pure PLA, the tensile strength, tensile modulus, bending strength and bending modulus of the 6 wt.% MNRH/PLA composites that treated by KH550 and KH570 are enhanced by 83%, 98%, 54%, and 61%, respectively. The composites treated by KH550 and KH570 demonstrates the best performance, suggesting that they have great potential for use as an environmentally friendly alternative material in automotive interiors.
Enhanced thermal conductivity of epoxy acrylate/h‐BN and AlN composites by photo‐curing 3D printing technology
Authors: Lin Yucong , Deng Weijian , Rui Yueyue , Liu Yun , Lu Gang , Liu Jie
Published: May 2022

Filling hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) is a hot topic in the research of improving the thermal conductivity of polymer composites. Conversely, its difficulty in dispersing and forming a three‐dimensional thermal network has become a major problem. This article uses liquid resin can effectively help the filler to be evenly dispersed and construct a multi‐layer connection network through 3D printing technology, which improves the thermal conductivity of polymer effectively. With the addition of 30 wt% h‐BN, the thermal conductivity of the epoxy acrylate (EA) composite reaches 1.60 Wm−1 K−1, which is 6.8 times that of pure epoxy acrylic resin. Our work provides a new idea for improving the thermal conductivity of photocured polymers.
Selective cytotoxicity of ent‐kaurene diterpenoids isolated from Baccharis lateralis and Baccharis retusa (Asteraceae)
Authors: Silva Matheus L. , Oliveira Cyntia S. , dos Santos Wagner J. O. , Oliveira Vani X. , Antar Guilherme M. , Lago João H. G. , Cerchiaro Giselle
Published: May 2022

This study presents the cytotoxic activity evaluation of the natural diterpenes ent‐kaurenoic acid (1) and its 15β‐hydroxy (2), 15β‐senecioyloxy (3), and 15β‐tiglinoyloxy (4) derivatives, isolated from Brazilian native plants, Baccharis retusa and B. lateralis (Asteraceae). Using the MTT (3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) colorimetric assay, it was observed that compound 1 displayed in vitro activity towards the aggressive MDA‐MB‐231 adenocarcinoma cell line and reduced toxicity against MCF‐10A nontumorigenic epithelial cells, indicating expressive selectivity. On the contrary, compounds 2–4 exhibited reduced toxicity and selectivity in both tested cell lines. Based on the chemical structures of compounds 1–4, it is suggested that the presence of additional functional groups at the C‐15 position—a hydroxyl group in compound 2 and isomeric isoprene units in compounds 3 and 4—might be responsible for the reduction in the potential/selectivity. In silico studies show, for compounds 1–4, good predictions regarding bioavailability and ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) properties as well as no alerts for PAINS (pan‐assay structures interference). In conclusion, ent‐kaurenoic acid (1), a common diterpenoid isolated in high amounts from different plants belonging to the Baccharis genus, has been shown to be a promising cytotoxic agent against an aggressive adenocarcinoma cell line (MDA‐MB‐23) and, if well exploited, could be used as a scaffold in the development of molecular prototypes for the treatment of breast cancer.
Experimental and clinical evidence on the effect of carvacrol on respiratory, allergic, and immunologic disorders: A comprehensive review
Authors: Khazdair Mahammad R. , Ghorani Vahideh , Boskabady Mohammad H.
Published: May 2022

Carvacrol (CAR) showed various pharmacological and therapeutic effects in different disorders. In the current article, the experimental and clinical effects of CAR on respiratory, allergic, and immunologic disorders are described. Various databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus, were searched regarding the effects of CAR on respiratory and allergic disorders until the end of October 2021. CAR showed the relaxant effect, with various possible mechanisms suggesting the bronchodilatory effect in obstructive pulmonary diseases. The preventive effects of CAR on experimental animal models of respiratory diseases were shown through mechanisms such as antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti‐inflammatory. CAR also showed therapeutic potential on lung cancer, lung infections, and allergic and immunologic disorders. Clinical studies also revealed therapeutic effects of CAR on asthma, sulfur‐mustard‐induced lug disorders, and some other allergic and immunologic diseases. Pharmacological and therapeutic effects of CAR indicate possible remedy effects of this agent in the treatment of respiratory, allergic, and immunologic diseases.
Prognostic value of IGFBP2 in various cancers: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Biao , Hong Chao‐Qun , Luo Yu‐Hao , Wei Lai‐Feng , Luo Yun , Peng Yu‐Hui , Xu Yi‐Wei
Published: May 2022

Background

The prognostic significance of insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) expression has been explored in plenty of studies in human cancers. Because of the controversial results, the meta‐analysis was carried out to evaluate the relevance of IGFBP2 expression with the prognosis in various tumors.

Methods

The data searched from four databases (Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane library, and Web of science) was used to calculate pooled hazard ratios (HRs) in this meta‐analysis. Subgroup analyses were stratified by ethnicity, cancer type, publication year, Newcastle–Ottawa Scale score, treatments, and populations.

Results

Twenty‐one studies containing 5560 patients finally met inclusion criteria. IGFBP2 expression was associated with lower overall survival (HR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.31–1.88) and progression‐free survival (HR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.04–1.34) in cancer patients, but not with disease‐free survival (HR = 1.50, 95% CI = 0.91–2.46) or recurrence‐free survival (HR = 1.50, 95% CI = 0.93–2.40). The subgroup analyses indicated IGFBP2 overexpression was significantly correlated with overall survival in Asian patients (HR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.18–1.72), Caucasian patients (HR = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.31–3.70), glioma (HR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.03–1.79), and colorectal cancer (HR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.43–4.44) and surgery subgroups (HR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.50–2.58).

Conclusion

The meta‐analysis showed that IGFBP2 expression was associated with worse prognosis in several tumors, and may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker in cancer patients.
Case of follicular mucinosis showing brownish yellow and red dots via dermoscopy
Authors: Yamagishi Hiroki , Ota Mayumi , Nobeyama Yoshimasa , Asahina Akihiko
Published: May 2022

We herein describe a 68‐year‐old man with follicular mucinosis. A dermoscopic examination showed multiple, round, brownish yellow dots with a whitish rim in the follicular ostium and red dots in the interfollicular area. This case report is the first to suggest that follicular mucinosis shows these dermoscopic findings.
Application of laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy for normal anatomy after hiatal hernia repair: A case report
Authors: Yoneda Akira , Murakami Shunsuke , Tetsuo Hanako , Fukui Saeko , Miyoshi Takayuki , Okamoto Tatsuya , Kitasato Amane , Takeshita Hiroaki , Kuroki Tamotsu
Published: May 2022

We describe a case of pancreatic tumor associated with a giant type IV hiatal hernia that had prolapsed into the posterior mediastinum. Hiatal hernia repair should be performed first because it enables laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy to be performed in the normal anatomical position.