bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnóstico do Licenciamento Ambiental da Carcinicultura no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil
Authors: Silveira Iáskara Michelly de Medeiros , Santos Daniele Bezerra dos , Costa Franklin Roberto da , Soares Rodrigo Herico Rodrigues de Melo , Gonçalves Junior Tarcisio Augusto , Pontes Cibele Soares
Published: April 2021

Em função do crescimento desordenado da carcinicultura no Nordeste do Brasil, nesta pesquisa foi realizado um levantamento dos licenciamentos ambientais voltados à carcinicultura do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, ao longo da década de 2005 a 2015, referente ao número de empreendimentos licenciados por ano, porte dos empreendimentos por tipos de licenças outorgadas e regiões com maior densidade de fazendas de carcinicultura. A pesquisa foi realizada através de avaliação documental, com dados cedidos pelo Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável e Meio Ambiente (IDEMA, 2016), e embasado nas legislações nacionais e estaduais pertinentes à área de estudo. No total, foram analisadas 698 licenças, sendo a maioria das fazendas de porte médio e solicitantes de licenças de operação, havendo uma maior concentração de empreendimentos de diferentes portes no litoral Sul do estado. Evidenciou-se uma grande quantidade de fazendas (64,18%) com solicitação de licenças atrasadas, além da constatação de que o maior número de licenças foi expedido no período em que mais ocorreram problemas de ordem ambiental e econômica na atividade.  Environmental Licensing diagnosis of Srimp farming in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, BrazilA b s t r a c tIn this article, a survey was made regarding the environmental licensing of shrimp farming in Rio Grande do Norte, during the decade between 2005 to 2015, in relation to the number of enterprises licensed per year, size of enterprises by type of licenses granted and regions with higher density of shrimp farms. The research was done through documentary evaluation, with data provided by the Institute for Sustainable Development and Environment (IDEMA). A total of 698 licenses were identified, with the majority of medium-sized farms and applicants for operating licenses, with a higher concentration of micro, small, medium and large ports in the southern coast of the state. A large number of farms with a request for delayed licenses (64,18%) were evidenced, in addition to the finding that the highest number of licenses was issued in the period in which there were more economic and environmental problems in the activity.Keywords: Environmental studies. Aquaculture. Shrimp. Environmental vulnerability.
Modelagem cartográfica para a delimitação das paisagens da bacia hidrográfica do Alto Curso do Rio Mundaú - Pernambuco/Alagoas, Nordeste, Brasil
Authors: Alexandre Fernando da Silva , Candeias Ana Lúcia Bezerra , Gomes Daniel Dantas Moreira
Published: April 2021

A noção de paisagem está presente na memória do ser humano antes mesmo da elaboração do conceito. As sínteses naturalistas concebem a natureza através de uma ordem natural que promove a organização da superfície terrestre a partir dos elementos internos e externos do globo, essa ordem está passível de analise, já que se espacializa em áreas naturais homogêneas, dotadas de uma hierarquia. A bacia hidrográfica é uma excelente opção de investigação, é um sistema aberto, dinâmico, onde ocorrem trocas constantes de matéria e energia. As bacias hidrográficas, na condição de unidades funcionais de planejamento, esguardam paisagens. Assim para a delimitação das paisagens do alto curso, buscou-se correlacionar os fatores geológico-geomorfológico com a climatologia da bacia, o que resultou na delimitação de 8 unidades de paisagens, sendo elas: caatingas secas em relevo dissecado em ravina, caatingas subúmidas em relevo dissecado convexo, matas úmidas em relevo convexo, matas úmidas em relevo dissecado aguçado, matas úmidas em relevo pediplano degradado inumado, matas úmidas em relevo tabular, atas subúmidas em relevo tabular e matas úmidas em relevo dissecado aguçado. Cartographic modeling of the delimitation of landscapes in watershed of the high course of the Mundaú River – Pernambuco / Alagoas, Northeastern, Brazil A B S T R A C TThe notion of landscape is present in human memory even before the elaboration of this concept. Naturalistic syntheses conceive nature through a natural order that promotes the organization of the earth's surface from the inner and outer elements of the globe. This order is subject to analysis, since it is spatialized in homogeneous natural areas, endowed with a hierarchy. The watershed is an excellent research option. It is an open, dynamic system where constant exchanges of matter and energy occur. Watersheds, as functional planning units, protect landscapes. Thus, for the delimitation of the landscapes of the upper course, we sought to correlate the geological-geomorphological factors with the climatology of the basin, which resulted in the delimitation of 8 landscape units, namely: dried dry caatingas in ravine, submerged caatingas in convex dissected relief, convex embossed wetlands, sharp dissected embossed wetlands, smoked degraded pediplane embossed woods, tabular embossed wetlands, tabular embossed wetlands and thickened dissected embossed wetlands.Keywords: landscape cartography, landscape units, geosystems, landscape mapping.
Percepção das populações locais sobre a biodiversidade em unidades de conservação do Pará, Brasil
Authors: Da Silva Benedita Barros , Jardim Mário Augusto
Published: April 2021

Este estudo objetivou analisar, com base na percepção dos interlocutores comunitários, a contribuição das pesquisas realizadas pelas Instituições de Ensino Superior e Instituições de Ciência e Tecnologia em seis Unidades de Conservação do estado do Pará. Foram entrevistados 104 comunitários, na faixa etária entre 20 e 80 anos, divididos em dois grupos. O grupo 1, constituído por conselheiros, presidentes de associações comunitárias e lideranças locais e o grupo 2, formado por moradores antigos, professores, líderes religiosos, comerciantes, agentes comunitários de saúde e guias de campo. Para 51% dos participantes, os benefícios proporcionados pelas pesquisas, estão relacionados, principalmente, a aquisição de novos conhecimentos, porém, essa repercussão se restringe, principalmente, aos grupos que participam mais diretamente das pesquisas auxiliando e trocando experiências com os pesquisadores. Esses interlocutores desejam que haja maior aproximação e ampliação do diálogo entre pesquisadores, professores e lideranças comunitárias na perspectiva de maior compartilhamento, apropriação e utilização do conhecimento. Perception of local populations on biodiversity in units conservation of Pará, Brazil A B S T R A C T his study aims to analyze, based on the perception of community partners, the contribution of research carried out by Higher Education Institutions and Science and Technology Institutions in six Conservation Units in the state of Pará. A total of 104 community members were interviewed, aged between 20 and 80 years, divided into two groups. Group 1, consisting of councilors, presidents of community associations and local leaderships and group 2, formed by former residents, teachers, religious leaders, merchants, community health agents and field guides. For 51% of the participants, the benefits provided by the research are mainly related to the acquisition of new knowledge however, this repercussion is restricted mainly to the groups that participate more directly in the research assisting and exchanging experiences with the researchers. These interlocutors want a greater approximation and expansion of the dialogue between researchers, teachers and community leaders in the perspective of greater sharing, appropriation and utilization of knowledge.Keywords: Research, Benefits, Conservation.
ФОРМАЛІЗАЦІЯ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ГЕОПРОСТОРОВИХ СТРУКТУР В СИСТЕМАХ ОБРОБКИ ГЕОПРОСТОРОВОЇ ІНФОРМАЦІЇ
Authors: Butko I.
Published: April 2021

Предметом вивчення в статті є геопросторові структури в системах обробки геопросторової інформації. Метою є формалізація технології використання геопросторових структур в системах обробки геопросторової інформації. Завдання: аналіз основних завдань при прийнятті управлінських рішень, формалізація технології використання геопросторових структур в системах обробки геопросторової інформації, конкретизація основних об’єктів та морфізмів, що використовуються в системах обробки геопросторової інформації, представлення формальної моделі геопросторових інформаційних структур, формалізація операцій, що проводяться над геопросторовими інформаційними структурами. Використовуваними методами є: методи теорії категорій, теорії ймовірності, математичної статистики, системного аналізу, математичний апарат теорії матриць. Отримані такі результати. Формалізована технологія використання геопросторових структур в системах обробки геопросторової інформації. Представлені основні об’єкти та морфізми, що використовуються в системах обробки геопросторової інформації. Формалізована модель геопросторових інформаційних структур. Формалізовані операцій, що проводяться над геопросторовими інформаційними структурами. Висновки. Проведена формалізація технології використання геопросторових структур в системах обробки геопросторової інформації. Наведені основні об’єкти та морфізми, що використовуються в системах обробки геопросторової інформації. Представлена формальна модель геопросторових інформаційних структур. Проведена формалізація операцій, що проводяться над геопросторовими інформаційними структурами. Напрямками подальших досліджень є: розробка теоретичних основ використання геопросторових структур в системах обробки геопросторової інформації у вигляді сукупності моделей, методів та інформаційних технологій побудови і використання геопросторових структур
УЗГОДЖЕННЯ ПОЯСНЕННЯ В ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНІЙ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНІЙ СИСТЕМІ З БАЗОВИМИ ЗНАННЯМИ ЩОДО ПРЕДМЕТНОЇ ОБЛАСТІ
Authors: Chalyi S. , Leshchynskyi V. , Leshchynska I.
Published: April 2021

Предметом вивчення в статті є процеси побудови пояснень щодо запропонованих інтелектуальною інформаційною системою рішень. Метою є розробка методу узгодження пояснень в інтелектуальній інформаційній системі з урахуванням обмежень, які визначаються базовими знаннями щодо об'єктів та процесів у предметної області. Завдання: структуризація процесу побудови пояснень з урахуванням обмежень, представлених знаннями щодо предметної області; визначення аспектів узгодження пояснення; розробка методу узгодження знань щодо пояснення та предметної області. Використовуваними підходами є: підходи до побудови пояснень, підходи до узгодження знань. Отримані наступні результати. Виконано структуризацію процесу побудови пояснень з урахуванням етапу узгодження знань. Виділено аспекти узгодження знань пояснення із вхідними даними в сенсі використання даних для тлумачення, із отриманим інтелектуальною інформаційною системою рішенням в сенсі узгодження з задачами користувача, а також із знаннями предметної області в сенсі обмежень для використання пояснення. Запропоновано метод узгодження пояснення із знаннями щодо предметної області. Висновки. Наукова новизна отриманих результатів полягає в наступному. Запропоновано метод узгодження пояснення із базовими знаннями щодо об'єктів та процесів у предметної області. Метод передбачає ітеративне виконання послідовності узгодження даних щодо процесу прийняття рішень в інтелектуальній системі із знаннями, що описують предметну область, перевірку узгодженості розробленого пояснення із множиною знань щодо предметної області, а також узгодження пояснення з результуючим рішенням інтелектуальної інформаційної системи. В практичному аспекті метод орієнтований на формування підмножини пояснень, що не протирічать базовим з знанням щодо предметної області. Пояснення у складі цієї множини у подальшому можуть бути упорядковані за критерієм ефективності, з урахуванням особливостей задач, для вирішення яких призначені сформовані інтелектуальною системою рішення
РОЗРОБКА МЕТОДІВ ТА АЛГОРИТМІВ СТИСНЕННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ ДАНИХ ТАБЛИЧНИХ СТРУКТУР
Authors: Yanko A. , Zviezdin V.
Published: April 2021

Розглянуто властивості непозиційної системи числення в системі залишкових класів (СЗК): незалежність залишків, рівноправність залишків і малорозрядність залишків. Використання основних властивостей СЗК дає можливості створення ефективних методів контролю, діагностики та виправлення помилок даних при введенні мінімальної інформаційної та часової надмірності, і побудови відмовостійких і швидкодіючих комп`ютерних систем обробки даних (КСОД) реального часу. Основна властивість СЗК, а саме малорозрядність залишків дозволяє застосовувати табличні методи реалізації арифметичних операцій. При застосуванні методів спеціального кодування інформації в СЗК, здійснюється скорочення таблиць ПЗП, стиснення даних та зменшення кількості необхідного обладнання. На основі даних досліджень було розроблено методи та алгоритми стиснення інформаційних даних табличних структур у СЗК
Parents Pursuing a Doctorate of Education: A Mixed Methods Examination of How Parents Manage the Roles of Student and Parent
Authors: J Catalano Amy , T Radin Susan
Published: April 2021

Aim/Purpose: Doctoral students who are parents are increasingly more common, particularly in female-dominated disciplines, such as education. This study aims to examine the experiences of parents pursuing an education doctorate

Background: This study examines the experiences of doctoral students who are parents and their perceptions of support in order to determine how programs and faculty can better serve students.

Methodology: This mixed methods study examines the experiences of 52 doctoral students who were parents or became parents during their doctoral program. Methods includes surveys and interviews.

Contribution: Very little published literature focuses on the experiences of both mothers and fathers who are doctoral students. This study is unique in that education doctoral students are generally established professionals with families and career success.

Findings: Among participants, 37% were women who became pregnant during the program. While most parents persisted in the program to graduate with a doctorate, several participants, including fathers, discussed their decisions to leave the doctoral program due to family responsibilities.

Recommendations for Practitioners: In order to uphold standards for a high-quality doctoral education, while also supporting student-parents, recommendations are presented for both doctoral programs and students.

Recommendation for Researchers: Further research is needed on LGBTQ families and single-parent families of lower incomes.

Impact on Society: Differences between workloads and barriers to advancement still persist for mothers in comparison to fathers.

Future Research: Future research should examine the experiences of fathers more fully.
Las caravanas de migrantes y las economías de tráfico humano y el trabajo excedente
Authors: Izcara Palacios Simón Pedro
Published: April 2021

El objetivo de este artículo, sustentado en diez entrevistas con traficantes de migrantes del noreste de México, es examinar el efecto de la caravanización de la migración en la industria del tráfico humano. Concluimos que las redes de tráfico de migrantes que operan en el noreste de México se han visto favorecidas por las caravanas, ya que se ha incrementado el número de migrantes que llegan a la frontera. Los migrantes de las caravanas carecen de recursos económicos para pagar las tarifas de los polleros; pero, pueden ofrecer como medio de pago el tiempo de trabajo excedente no remunerado salarialmente. Las mujeres, reclutadas para la industria del sexo, son las más valoradas por las economías de tráfico humano porque son quienes producen en menos tiempo de trabajo el valor de su salario.
Somos más que testimonios, somos historiadoras encarnadas de la política interseccional e internacionalista: Entrevista con Suyapa Portillo Villeda
Authors: Varela-Huerta Amarela , Abrego Leisy J.
Published: April 2021

Entrevista con Suyapa Portillo Villeda. Somos más que testimonios, somos historiadoras encarnadas de la política interseccional e internacionalista:
En las fronteras de lo político: Carlos Pereyra y la cuestión democrática en el México de los setenta y ochenta
Authors: Covarrubias Israel , Gallegos Cruz Cristhian
Published: April 2021

El artículo discute las aportaciones teóricas hechas por el filósofo político Carlos Pereyra en torno a la cuestión democrática. A partir de la reconstrucción del contexto político-intelectual de los años setenta y ochenta del siglo pasado en México, se problematiza la obra de este autor con el objetivo de dilucidar el lugar que ocupa su trabajo teórico en un momento histórico de incipiente preocupación por el cambio político. En específico, se analiza la aportación de su pensamiento en la construcción del sentido que adopta la lógica social de la democracia en un espacio de dinamismo cultural y militante. Finalmente, se sostiene que la recuperación de las ideas políticas de aquella época permite una mejor comprensión de algunas de las principales direcciones en las que se movieron los debates sobre el régimen político, el Estado y los actores políticos y sociales, en los lustros que cubrieron el proceso de la democratización mexicana.
Esclareciendo el concepto de lógica deóntica
Authors: Velázquez Hugo José Francisco
Published: April 2021

El presente artículo intenta responder algunos de los más importantes interrogantes sobre la lógica deóntica, puesto que ha habido profundos malentendidos con respecto a su naturaleza y a la forma en que se diferencia de otros tipos de lógica. Algunos de los problemas que se han abordado en este trabajo son: ¿qué entendemos cuando hablamos de lógica deóntica? ¿Cuál es su objeto de estudio? ¿Es lo mismo que la lógica jurídica? ¿Es más deseable definir tal disciplina simplemente como lógica del deber ser? ¿Existe alguna diferencia entre normas y proposiciones normativas? Las respuestas a estos interrogantes permitirán arribar una noción más nítida de lógica deóntica y esclarecerán su peculiar jurisdicción conceptual.
La política de la ciencia en el pensamiento de Auguste Comte
Authors: Gatica Obed Frausto
Published: April 2021

Este artículo analiza la obra de Augusto Comte desde la política de la ciencia; se identifica que el proyecto comteano es político de la ciencia en dos sentidos. Primero, Comte concibe una ciencia tecnocrática y no hace una distinción entre la política y la ciencia. Esta noción refiere a un pensamiento híbrido entre lo humano y la máquina en donde se puede resolver los desafíos del proceso sociocultural de la industrialización. Segundo, Comte manifiesta la necesidad de la toma del poder por parte de los expertos; así, desde el poder, los científicos utilizarían sus métodos para distender las controversias políticas y podrían poner en práctica nociones como orden y progreso para la pacificación del mundo.
SOFTWARE FOR CALCULATING A WATER QUALITY INDICATOR SPECIFIC TO THE AMAZON REGION
Authors: Souza A. M. F. de , Pereira S. F. P. , Santos L. P. , Silva C. S. e , Rocha R. M. , Sousa R. M. de , Nogueira D. P.
Published: April 2021

The quality of the water in the Amazon's reservoirs is of fundamental importance for natural ecosystems, biota, and for the region's population. Maintaining the water quality involves long-term monitoring programs established by the requirements of Brazilian legislation. A web interface may facilitate the use of monitoring results routinely, which allows periodic insertion of previously selected water quality parameters results, to finally provide a simple and direct way to evaluate the water quality. The general objective of this study was to develop a software based on a water quality indicator (WQI) system considering chemical, physical-chemical, and biological parameters evaluated in four seasonal periods in Samuel dam. Multivariate analysis was used to select 10 significant variables (oxidation-reduction potential, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, chlorophyll a, phosphate, Ba, Ca, Fe, Na, and Sn). The web software added innovation to the project, enabling to storage of data from analysis of field-collected samples in an organized and safe way in a database, in addition to speeding up the calculation of the WQI, making it possible to classify the water quality more quickly and accurately.
The Value of a Book: Beyond the Price
Authors: Shott Shannen
Published: April 2021

This research comments on the historical and current trends of special collection libraries and the ways in which their collection policies reflect priorities of protecting certain voices over others, thus assigning a value to those books which are sought after. While book value has been discussed extensively, most of the literature has not taken into account the significance of collection policies, which is a gap that my research aims to address. The methodology includes a literature review of the different ways in which book value is determined and an examination of the collection policy documents of twenty North American special collection libraries. This examination, accomplished via coded data analysis, will determine how these documents reflect the historical and current priorities of special collections and how they subsequently assign value to books. The results of this analysis indicate a consistent commitment to acquiring materials that build on existing collection strengths, as well as a prioritization of locality as it relates to potential additions. Furthermore, the lack of inclusion for marginalized communities in collection policies suggests a need to discuss the future direction of documentation as it relates to recognizing the value of marginalized voices.
Exploring Teaching Method of ‘Chance’ through Comparative Analysis of Mathematics Textbooks
Authors:   The Korea Society Of Educational Studies In Mathematics, Chang Hyewon , Kim Minhwe , Park Chanhye , Lee Yeonju , Pyo Jooeun
Published: April 2021

The concept of ‘chance’ in elementary school mathematics has been introduced instead of ‘probability’ since the 2009 revised national curriculum and research on the concept has been insufficient. The purpose of this study is to suggest some desirable methods for teaching the concept of chance in elementary school level. To do this, we compared three elementary mathematics textbooks from Finland, Singapore, and the United States that deal with the chance before teaching the mathematical probability to Korean textbook according to the 2015 revised national curriculum. Based on these results of comparative analysis, we described the characteristics of teaching the concept of chance in these elementary mathematics textbooks and made some suggestions such as using various situations related to the determination and representation of chance, providing tasks and questions that connect particular situations with chances such as the selection and composition of chance-related situations, reviewing the range of numbers that represent chances, and emphasizing on teaching the concept of ‘equally likely’ for developing the curriculum and its materials(e.g. textbooks) in relation to the chance.
The Structure of Teacher Discourse According to the Type of Mathematical Problem Transformation and the Subject of Transformation
Authors:   The Korea Society Of Educational Studies In Mathematics, Choi Sang-Ho
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the structure of teacher discourse according to the types and subjects of transformation of mathematical problems. To this end, the data was collected by observing the first semester (44 classes) class of a teacher with 20 years of experience practicing a teaching method that promotes student participation. Among the classes in one semester, there were 10 classes in which a teacher or a student transformed and communicated a problem while a teacher solved a given problem with students and guided the transformation of the problem. The type of problem transformation in the 10th class was to change the assumptions and conditions of the existing problem or to extend the problem. According to the two types of problem transformation and the subject of the problem transformation (teacher, student), each case of a total of 4 semesters was analyzed. As a result of the analysis, there was a structure of the teacher's discourse that induces problem transformation based on the student's participation independently from the problem transformation type and subject, transforms and solves the problem, and then arranges the routine of problem solving and problem transformation. In this way, the communication process between the teacher and the student according to the type and subject of problem transformation can be embodied in the teacher's discourse structure, thereby helping to develop a pedagogical method in which students participate in the problem transformation process in the future.
Zpráva o grantovém projektu Emoční kreativita a kognitivní deficity u seniorů
Authors:   The Prague College of Psychosocial Studies, Czech Republic, Trnka Radek
Published: April 2021

This report summarizes the main outputs of the finished grant project „Emotional creativity and cognitive decline in the elderly“ (GA ČR 18–26094S), conducted at the Prague College of Psychosocial Studies between the years 2018 and 2020. The main goal of this project was to explore the relationship between emotional creativity, defined as a set of cognitive abilities and personality traits related to the originality of emotional experience, and age-related cognitive impairments in older adults. The results of this project showed that age and age-related cognitive decline influence how people creatively think about their own, as well as other peoples’, emotions. This project produced empirical evidence showing that cognitive decline reduces not only creativity in problem solving, but also reduces the creativity that is closely related to the emotional life of older people. More importantly, the published preliminary study on patients in the early stages of Parkinson’s disease also indicates that emotional creativity could become another diagnostic tool for unveiling the early stages of neurodegenerative diseases in the elderly.
Aktuální zpráva ke kontaktům dítěte v pěstounské péči s biologickou rodinou
Authors:   Rodinné centrum Z. Matějčka, Praha, Czech Republic, Jeníčková Natalie , Sobotková Irena , Šturma Jaroslav
Published: April 2021

In December 2020, authorities responsible for social and legal protection of children as well as non-government nonprofit organizations authorized to provide social and legal children protection received the “Recommendation of the Deputy of the Public Defender of Rights regarding contacts of children in foster care not only with their parents.” This recommendation immediately raised the response of foster parents, accompanying organizations, and some of the authorities of social and legal children protection. Active members of Section for the substitute family care with the Czech-Moravian psychological society issued a public statement to the aforementioned document in which they point out neglecting the interest of the child and appeal to take into consideration professional psychological findings and experience from practice. We reprint the full text of the statement here and we would appreciate it if this topic, presented on the E-psychologie, captured the attention of experts and raised a further discussion.
The COVID-19 global pandemic: a review of the Vietnamese Government response
Authors: Tran Luong T T , Manuama Edit O , Vo Duc P , Nguyen Huy V , Cassim Raisa , Pham Minh , Bui Dinh S
Published: April 2021

The profound effect of COVID-19 pandemic has not eluded Vietnam, a lower-middle-income country that borders China, the country where the outbreak originated. Currently facing a second wave, Vietnam experienced several months of insignificant community-transmission, when the epidemic was effectively under control. This paper provides an account of the policies developed by the national COVID-19 response team during the first wave, from January to July 2020. Three key components were identified, including (i) the timely and decisive responses from the national and local authorities in the early phase of the pandemic, (ii) a society-wide approach, supported by an effective risk communication strategy which managed to gain the public trust, and (iii) an effective preventive medicine and infectious disease control system, residing in early case identification, strict isolation, effective contact tracing and compulsory quarantine of close contacts. While several other important components of the health system, such as financing and human resources remain largely under-explored, the results of this study show that a mixture of measures may lead to an effective epidemic management.
Precision Engineering Design Process for Optimal Design Based on Engineering Sciences
Authors: Javidinejad Amir
Published: April 2021

Concepts of precision engineering design process for optimal design where engineering sciences contribute in the successful good design are elaborated in this paper. Scientific theory and practicality are discussed in this paper. Factors necessary for a complete product or systems design are detailed and application of mathematical design optimization in producing a good design are shown. Many applicable engineering design examples are itemized to show relevancy of the optimal design theory to engineering design. Future trends of optimal design with respect to the 4th industrial revolution of digitization are presented. Paper sets to elaborate that most of the engineering and scientific design problems can be optimized to a good design based on many new/advanced optimization techniques.
BİTKİ ADLARINDA ÇOK ANLAMLILIK
Authors: YILDIZ Yasemin
Published: April 2021

Bir göstergenin birden fazla anlam taşıması durumu çok anlamlılık ile ifade edilir. Çok anlamlılık konusu, bir dilin ne kadar eski ve köklü olduğunu ortaya koyar. Bununla birlikte o dilin söz varlığı açısından ne kadar zengin bir dil olduğunu da gösterir. Bir sözcüğün, çok anlamlı bir sözcük olabilmesi için hem geniş bir alanda kullanılması hem de uzun bir süre varlığını sürdürmesi gerekir. Bu sayede sözcük, çeşitli anlam olayları geçirip yeni anlamlar kazanabilir. Çok anlamlılığı farklı yönleriyle birlikte ele alan araştırmacılardan bazıları, çok anlamlılığın dilde tutumluluğa sebep olduğuna vurgu yapmıştır. Bazıları ise, çok anlamlılığın anlam bulanıklığına yol açan bir tarafı bulunduğunu ve ancak bağlamla birlikte değerlendirildiğinde bu sorunun ortadan kalkabileceğini savunmuşlardır. Bu görüşlerden de anlaşılacağı gibi çok anlamlılık konusu üzerinde hala tartışılan konulardan biridir. Soyut bir kavram olan ve üzerinde çalışan her araştırmacının kendi tanımını yaptığı “anlam” kavramı ile sıkı sıkıya bağlı olması konuyla ilgili net bir çizginin çizilememesinin en büyük nedenidir.

Çok anlamlılık konusu bitki adları açısından ele alındığında, çevresel etmenlerin ve ağız özelliklerinin fazlaca etkili olduğu görülür. Bunlara ilave olarak tıpkı adlandırmalarda olduğu gibi anlamlandırmalarda da benzetmelerin ve aktarmaların rolü büyüktür. Çünkü ad ve anlam arasında oldukça sıkı bir ilişki söz konusudur. Birtakım ortaklıklara dayanılarak oluşturulan adlar ve anlamlar çoğu zaman dilin zenginleşmesine katkı sağlasa da bazen karışıklıkların oluşmasına da zemin hazırlamaktadır. Özellikle bitki adları konusunda bu karışıklıklar oldukça fazladır. Cümle açısından bakıldığında bağlamla birlikte netleşen anlam bulanıklığı, kelime açısından değerlendirildiğinde kimi zaman anlamı netleştirmekte yetersiz kalmaktadır. Tek bir adın birden çok bitkiyi karşıladığı durumlar, doğru tasniflerin yapılabilmesini zorlaştırmaktadır. Dolayısıyla ortaya çıkan hem çok anlamlılık hem de çok adlılık bir dil zenginliği olarak görülebileceği gibi bazı belirsizlikleri de beraberinde getirebilmektedir. Çalışmamızda bu belirsizlikleri az da olsa giderebilme adına çeşitli kaynaklardan taranan çok anlamlı bitki adları listesine yer vereceğiz. Listeyle birlikte çok anlamlılık konusunda çeşitli bilgiler aktararak aslında dilin söz varlığının zenginliğini vurgulamaya çalışacağız.
DIVERSIFIKASI PRODUK PANGAN BERBASIS AIR KELAPA
Authors: Mela Ervina
Published: April 2021

Air kelapa merupakan cairan yang berasal dari buah kelapa, yang umumnya merupakan hasil samping dari pengolahan santan, atau dari buah kelapa yang sengaja diambil buah dan airnya untuk dikonsumsi. Air kelapa memiliki sejumlah makro dan mikromineral,  juga mengandung  vitamin, protein (asam amino) meskipun dalam jumlah yang kecil. Pengolahan air kelapa masih sangat terbatas. Oleh karena itu tulisan ini bertujuan untuk merangkum penelitian-penelitian hasil studi pusta, yang dilakukan dalam rangka mengolah air kelapa menjadi beebagai produk pangan. Produk pangan yang dapat dibuat dari air kelapa meliputi air kelapa kemasan, minuman isotonik, nata de coco, cuka, minuman antioksidan, minuman berkarbonasi, jus kurma, yougurt kelapa, drink yougurt, serbuk minuman kelapa,  minuman probiotik, sorbet kelapa, edible film, coco cider, kefir, susu kelapa, kecap, permen kelapa jahe, permen jelly kelapa, keju kelapa, dan selai kelapa.
Studi Struktur Biaya dan Penerimaan Usahatani Kelapa Sawit Swadaya Pasca Peremajaan Di Kecamatan Sungai Bahar Kabupaten Muaro Jambi
Authors: Yanita Mirawati , HD Ernawati , Dompak Napitupulu
Published: April 2021

Palm oil development provides benefits in increasing the income of smallholders and communities, where palm oil production becomes the raw material of the processing industry that creates added value in the country.  However, the cost and revenue of palm oil farming is a consideration of smallholders in the implementation of replanting.  This research aims to: (1) describe the oil palm farming in Sungai Bahar Sub-District of Muaro Jambi Regency (2) Analyze the cost structure and revenue of smallholder oil palm in Sungai Bahar Sub-district of Muaro Jambi Regency. The scope of this research area is Suka Makmur Village, Marga Mulya Village, Mekar Sari Village, Sungai Bahar District Muaro Jambi Regency. This research was conducted by a descriptive and quantitative method using an analysis of the cost structure and revenue of oil palm smallholders. The results showed a replanting palm oil farm area of 2.13 hectares with palm oil of 7 to 8 years and production of 18,170 Kg/Ha/year.  The cost incurred is Rp 25,647,303/Ha/year, and the revenue amounts to Rp. 33,527,655/Ha/Year.  In the future, although there is still a positive difference between the revenue and cost of farming after the replanting, smallholders are suggested better to optimize the resources as an alternative to increasing revenue to meet the needs.
Bibliometric Analysis of Interventional Literature on Mobile Health: The Most Highly Cited Articles
Authors: Ameri Arefeh , Salmanizadeh Farzad , Bahaadinbeigy Kambiz
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Advances in mobile health have led to numerous relevant studies in diagnosis, treatment, and controlling of various diseases. One of the criteria indicating the quality of the previously published studies is the number of citations. Therefore, investigating the features of highly cited articles and identifying the most frequently used mobile technological interventions can affect future research ideas. This study aimed at identifying 100 highly cited interventional studies on mobile health, type of used mobile technologies, and effect of these technologies in various diseases in top-cited articles.Methods: The database employed in this study was the Web of Science, which without limitations was analysed in April 2020 to identify 100 highly cited interventional studies in the field of mobile health. The identified studies were classified based on the number of citations, year of publication, country of the first author, type of disease, and use of mobile technology.Results: A great majority of the studies in the field of interventional mobile health focused on obesity (n=18), addiction (n=15), diabetes (n=13) and mental health disorders (n=12), respectively. Many studies employed mobile technologies to promote lifestyle (weight loss and increased physical activity) (n=20), disease controls (n=20), and treatment adherence (n=18). The mean number of citations per study was 146±97. The most cited study was in the category of viral disease treatment adherence (n=703), and the most cited articles were published in 2012.Conclusions: Among the reviewed 100 studies, many of the interventional studies regarding mobile health focused on obesity, addiction, diabetes and mental health disorders. Promotion of lifestyle, disease controls, and treatment adherence were effects of mobile technologies in top-cited articles. Text messaging service was used as intervention in most of the studies. Thus, future studies may focus on the use of various mobile applications on different diseases’ prevention, control, and treatment.
Evidence-based Mechanistic Integrative Modeling of Stroke Risk Factors: A Translational Research Study
Authors: Habibi Koolaee Mahdi , Shahmoradi Leila , Niakan Kalhori Sharareh R. , Ghannadan Hossein , Younesi Erfan
Published: April 2021

Introduction: According to global statistics, stroke is known as the main health problem in the world. Many clinical and molecular research, which are stored in the different repository with the various format have been conducted in the area of stroke domain. The heterogeneity of these research data does not make a comprehensive view of the disease. Recently, translational research has been developed to fill the gap between these studies. In this study, we used the integrative disease modeling method to model the underlying mechanism of stroke risk factors.Material and Methods: This study was conducted in three steps: data gathering, model construction, and mechanism discovery. First, using semantic and information retrieval tools, we extracted the cause and effect statement from the literature to create the mechanistic model, and the validated molecular data to evaluate the constructed model. Then, the integrative model was created and evaluated. Finally, we used Gene Set Enrichment Analysis to identify the main biological process and signaling pathways in the mechanism of the disease. Results: In the evidence-based information retrieval from the literature, 1837 causal statement was extracted. The initial network was created with 648 nodes (molecular, clinical, and environmental factors) and 1837 edges (interactions). Also, 51 genes/proteins and nine single nucleotide polymorphisms were matched with data in the model. The inflammatory response, response to lipid, regulation of body fluid levels, and regulation of response to stress, complement and coagulation cascades, and PPAR signaling pathway were the main biological processes and signaling pathways enriched in GSEA analysis.Conclusion:  This study showed that we can identify the underlying mechanism of stroke risk factors and use a proper strategy to prevent it, using Integrative Disease Modeling.
Diabetes Diagnosis Using Machine Learning
Authors: Farajollahi Boshra , Mehmannavaz Maysam , Mehrjoo Hafez , Moghbeli Fateme , Sayadi Mohammad Javad
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Diabetes is a disease associated with high levels of glucose in the blood. Diabetes make many kinds of complications, which also leads to a high rate of repeated admission of patients with diabetes. The aim of this study is to diagnose Diabetes with machine learning techniques.Material and Methods: The datasets of the article contain several medical predictor variables and one target variable, Outcome. Predictor variables includes the number of pregnancies the patient has had, their BMI, insulin level, age. The main objective of the machine learning models is to classify of the diabetes disease.Results: six classifiers have been also adapted and compared their performance based on accuracy, F1-score, recall, precision and AUC. And Finally, Adaboost has the most accuracy 83%.Conclusion: In this paper a performance comparison of different classifier models for classifying diagnosis is done. The models considered for comparison are logistic regression, Decision Tree, support vector machine (SVM), xgboost, Random forest and ada boost. Finally, in the comparison flow, Adaboost, Logistic Regression, SVM and Random Forest, usually has had a high amount; and their amounts has little differences normally.
Recognition of Epileptic Seizures in EEG Records: A Transfer Learning Approach
Authors: Caires Silveira Elena , Santos Corrêa Caio Fellipe
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Seizure is a transient phenomenon with genesis in excessive abnormal or synchronous neuronal electrical activity in the brain, while epilepsy is defined as a brain dysfunction characterized by persistent predisposition to generate seizures. The identification of epileptogenic electroencephalographic patterns can be performed using machine learning.the present study aimed to develop a transfer learning based classifier able to detect epileptic seizures in images generated from electroencephalographic data graphic representation.Material and Methods: We used the Epileptic Seizure Recognition Data Set,which consists of 500 brain activity records for 23.6 seconds comprising 23 chunks of 178 data points, and transformed the resulting 11500 instances into images by graphically plotting its data points. Those images were then splitted in training and test set and used to build and assess, respectvely, a transfer learning-based deep neural network, which classified the images according the presence or absence of epileptic seizures.Results: The model achieved 100% accuracy, sensitivity and specificity, with a AUC-score of 1.0, demonstrating the great potential of transfer learning for the analysis of graphically represented electroencephalographic data.Conclusion: It is opportune to raise new studies involving transfer learning for the analysis of signal data, with the aim of improving, disseminating and validating its use for daily clinical practice.
Technological Solutions for Screening and Geolocation of COVID-19 Infected People: A Country Comparison Approach
Authors: Almeida Fernando
Published: April 2021

Introduction: As the COVID-19 pandemic spreads around the world, governments are seeking solutions to mitigate contagion. These initiatives use technology to control the movement of infected people, particularly from mobile phone monitoring. This manuscript intends in the first stage to carry out a brief overview of these initiatives at the global level. After that, it aims to identify the main challenges posed by these apps in monitoring the individual's health data and explore good practices that may prove fundamental for the uptake of these solutions on a large-scale.Materials and Methods: This study employs a qualitative methodology to perform a review on technological solutions for screening and geolocation of COVID-19 infected people. Five countries have been selected considering the different approaches in the implementation of these technological solutions. Four fundamental principles for the evaluation of these solutions such as consent, proportionality, transparency, and security were considered. Through this approach, it has become feasible to identify and discuss the challenges and best practices in the implementation of these solutions. Results: Although these applications publicly assume that they guarantee people's fundamental rights this information becomes insufficient. It is necessary to evaluate these solutions specifically considering fundamental principles such as consent, proportionality, transparency, and security. The existence of an independent body authority that can audit these solutions is relevant, besides the voluntary adherence to these applications.Conclusion: The way these solutions are implemented and imposed in these countries is quite different. The absence of mechanisms to measure how data is stored and processed raise concerns among people. Accordingly, the large-scale adoption of these tools requires that people's fundamental rights be duly considered from a multidimensional perspective.
Wenn der Macht die Liebe abhandenkommt
Authors: Jansen Bernd
Published: April 2021

Bernd Jansen beschreibt im Rückblick auf seine über 35-jährige Praxis destruktive Prozesse in der Supervision einzelner Personen im Arbeitsprozess und ihre unbewusst destruktiven Inszenierungen. Er setzt sich mit destruktivem Führungsverhalten auseinander und stellt die supervisorische Verantwortung heraus. Mit dem Begriff der »verkommenen Organisation« beschreibt er destruktive Prozesse als Folge fehlgesteuerter Organisationskultur. Ein abschließender Abschnitt richtet den Fokus auf den*die Berater*in, durch dessen*deren Handeln Destruktivität sich ereignen kann, wenn Beratung sich der Macht verschreibt und die Liebe vernachlässigt.
Fallvignette: Destruktion in einer Balintgruppe?
Authors: Leuschner Gerhard
Published: April 2021

Eine Balintgruppe als Lernund Reflexionsort für Lehrsupervisoren in einem Studiengang für Supervision ist unausgesprochen gleichzeitig der Ort fachlicher Kontrolle der Lehrsupervisoren und soll der Qualitätssicherung und der Fortbildung dienen. Zwei Teilnehmer verändern den vorgegebenen »Kontrakt«, was gesehen und nicht bearbeitet wurde.
Meyvecilik Yapan İşletmelerde Kimyasal Gübre ve Tarım İlacı Kullanım Tercihleri ve Bilgi Kaynakları: Zonguldak İli Örneği
Authors: AYDIN ERYILMAZ Gamze , KILIÇ Osman , ÇAKIR Serdar
Published: April 2021

Tarımda üreticilerin teknik ve ekonomik konularla ilgili yeterli bilgiye sahip olması; işletmelerde etkin kaynak kullanımı, gelirin ve yaşam standardının yükseltilmesini sağlayan önemli faktörlerden biridir. Araştırmanın amacı, meyvecilik yapan işletmelerde üreticilerin çevresel bilinç düzeylerine göre, kimyasal gübre ve ilaç kullanım tercihlerinin ve bilgi kaynaklarının ortaya konulmasıdır. Veriler, Zonguldak ilinde meyvecilik yapan 125 işletmeyle yapılan anketlerden elde edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre kimyasal gübre ve ilaç satın alırken en fazla dikkat edilen faktörler, işletmeler ortalamasına göre fiyat, satış yeri ve son kullanım tarihidir. Kimyasal gübre ve ilacın satış fiyatı, satış yeri ve son kullanma tarihi itibariyle, bilinç grupları arasındaki farklılık istatistiksel olarak önemlidir. Ayrıca üreticiler gübre ve ilaç kullanımında geleneksel bilgi kaynaklarını, çevre sorunlarıyla ilgili olarak da modern bilgi kaynaklarını daha fazla tercih etmektedir. Üreticiler kimyasal gübre ve ilaç kullanırken en fazla kendi bilgi ve tecrübesine göre hareket ederken, çevresel sorunlarda en fazla başvurulan bilgi kaynağı televizyondur. Günümüzde güçlü bilgi ve iletişim ağına rağmen, üreticilerin tamamının tarımsal bilgi akışını aynı hızda takip ettiği söylenemez. Bunun için, üreticilerin doğru bilgiye erişim ve uygulanmasıyla ilgili daha fazla bilinçlendirilmelerine ihtiyaç vardır.