bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peptic Ulcer Disease: Maintenance treatment with H2 blockers
Authors: Goli Swathi
Published: February 2021

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a prevalent disease, it affecting around 5-10% of the general population worldwide, but with notable regional and racial variations. The two most common etiological causes are the chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Its diagnosis is based mainly in the endoscopy and the active search of concomitant Hp presence. The discovery of the link between H. pylori and peptic ulcer has changed dramatically its management, because it has become a curable infectious disease. The eradication therapy of is the best choice to achieve the final cure of PUD in infected patients. Several current international recommend a standard triple therapy as first-line therapy, including a proton pump inhibitor and a combination of amoxicillin and clarithromycin. This combination therapy has shown a decreased efficacy over the years. The main reason is increasing antibiotic resistance, particularly to clarithromycin and metronidazol, of certain Hp strains. Several new treatment options or modifications of already established regimens have been introduced in last years, to overcome these treatment failures. For the subgroup of patients with H. pylorinegative ulcers, avoiding NSAIDs intake also has a clear influence in evolution of the disease and in some cases drives to the complete healing of the peptic ulcer. In refractory or recurrent cases, continuous therapy with anti-secretory agents and/or the replacement of conventional NSAIDs by selective drugs for inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are useful treatment options.
Electronic segment in the criminal procedural legislation of the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Stolitnii Anton
Published: February 2021

The article deals with study of the electronic segment in the criminal procedural legislation of the Republic of Belarus. It is established that in the Republic of Belarus there is a specialized electronic instrument of criminal process in the form of an information system - information help funds of law enforcement agencies, and in the form of technical devices - electronic means of control; technical controls. Non-specialized electronic tools of criminal proceedings are also provided, including: video equipment; electronic media; audio and / or video recording facilities; means of communication; scientific and technical means; video conferencing system; technical means; technical means of communication; technical means of fixation and the like. The use of electronic evidence has been investigated. In particular, it provides for the announcement of the testimony of the accused, the victim and the witness, the reproduction of a sound recording, video recording or filming of his testimony; announcement at the hearing of the protocols of investigative actions; inclusion in the expert's opinion of photos confirming the expert's conclusions. The electronic form of the procedural document is indirectly reflected through the indication in the criminal procedural law of the method of its production. The prism of the investigative action protocol regulates the separate issues of their electronic fixation. Transcripts, filming, sound recording and video recording can be used to ensure the completeness of the protocol. The general issues of regulation of electronic fixation of investigative actions are studied, and through the lens of the protocol of investigative action - separate issues of electronic fixation of investigative actions. The requirements for electronic fixing of the examination, examination of the corpse, exhumation, investigative experiment, arrest of postal and telegraph and other items, their inspection and seizure, listening and recording of negotiations, interrogation, presentation for examination are described in the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Belarus on-site testimony. The trial is accompanied by shorthand, sound recording or video recording
Victim in competitive criminal procedure
Authors: Tertyshnyk Volovymyr
Published: February 2021

The article analyses problems of determining ways to improve the procedural procedure to protect the rights and freedoms of victim in the legal field of competitive criminal justice. The issue of improving the status of the victim, extending his rights, determining the procedure for its implementation stipulated by law, harmonization of legislation, elimination of legal conflicts, ensuring the rule of law, strengthening guarantees The rights and freedoms of the victim. Aligning the CPC of Ukraine with the Constitution of Ukraine, and coordinating it with the Civil Code of Ukraine and applicable international legal acts, we propose in the norm of the CPC of Ukraine, which determines the status of the victim, in addition to the rights established there by the law, to set out the following rights of the victim: a) to demand compensation for the moral harm caused and physical and pecuniary damages at the expense of the person guilty of the crime or persons who are financially responsible for their actions, and in cases where the person who committed the crime is not identified, for ahunok State budget; b) to respect his honor and dignity, to demand that facts of the collection, use, storage and disclosure of the degrading honor, dignity or business reputation of false information be prevented, and, if necessary, make a request for the removal of such information, raise the issue of closed court proceedings ; c) require arrest of the defendant's deposits and property and take other measures provided by law to recover the damage caused to him by the crime; d) require personal immediate examination by a forensic expert in case of personal injury or harm to his / her health; e) to use the legal assistance of a legal representative from a lawyer or other specialist in the field of law from the moment of recognition as a victim; g) have a confidential date with the legal attorney before the first interrogation, as well as the presence of a lawyer or legal representative at his first interrogation; g) to be acquainted with the decision on the appointment of forensic examination and the expert's opinion; h) to get acquainted with the case file in the suspended criminal proceedings on the grounds of not identifying the perpetrator; i) to participate directly in the examination of all evidence at the trial and to speak in court, regardless of the participation of the prosecutor. The investigator, the inquirer, the prosecutor, the court are obliged to immediately explain to the victim his procedural rights, to hand him a written document describing his rights - a declaration of the victim's rights, to immediately take the measures provided by law for ensuring the victim's rights. Prospects for further study of this problem are seen in the development of models of realization of the victims of their procedural rights at different stages of the process.
Ways of commitment fraud in tourist industry: forensic analysis
Authors: Chaplynskiy Kostyantyn , Kalyuga Tetyana
Published: February 2021

The article deals with the study of forensically significant features of the methods of fraud in the sphere of tourist services. Attention is paid to description of methods, clarifying their characteristics, determining the factors that affect their formation on the basis of what they were ordering. Laying the basis of a set of criteria for the classification, all the options of fraudulent activities in the tourism sector are summarized in three groups: fraudulent actions by entities that are authorized to conduct such activities (exercise deception in intent, or about a variety of actions and events) fraudulent actions on the part of the constituent entities, which have no official relationship to the tourism business, but on behalf of such persons. In a separate group of related fraudulent operations by individuals whose activity was expressed in support of actions required to obtain travel services. The purpose of the article is to analyze the approaches in the legal literature to the treatment of the crime, as well as to characterize the ways of committing fraud in the sphere of tourist services and their classification. Despite the wide range of opinions of scholars on the general issues of defining the concept and content of the crime, it should be noted that the scientific literature has not paid sufficient attention to the development of fraudulent practices in the provision of tourist services. You can find only the classification of criminal acts in the tourism business and criminal and criminal studies. There are many fraudulent schemes in the field of tourist services. Fraudulent actions may be taken either by entities having official authorization to carry out such activities (deceiving intentionally or by various actions and events) or by entities having no official relation to the tourist. Business, but act on behalf of such persons. Fraud can be directly or indirectly attributed to persons whose activities are asso-ciated with the activities required to obtain travel services (representatives of insurance companies, con-sulates, airlines, etc.).
Regulatory framework of technical-forensic research
Authors: Areshonkov Vitaliy
Published: February 2021

The basic normative legal acts regulating carrying out of researches connected with forensic engineering as a section of forensics are considered. The law regulates the conduct of investigative actions in the detection, recording, seizure and investigation of objects that contain forensically significant information and can be used as evidence in criminal proceedings. The basic provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine are considered, which must be observed during conducting of forensic investigations. According to the author, in the draft law "On forensic activity in Ukraine" among the terms that are used in the text of the bill itself and are important for interpretation, namely: "expert institution", "head of expert institution". The head of the expert institution is the subject of the expert activity, but his authority, the amount of work performed, the competence is somewhat different from that of the ordinary expert. Therefore, it is necessary not only to provide the definition of the head of the expert institution, but also to supplement the bill with a separate article, where to state its rights and responsibilities. The following definition of the head of an expert institution is considered appropriate: "a person who performs the function of leadership during the organization and conduct of judicial examination in a subordinate unit". The author does not support the views of some scholars on the need to regulate these examina-tions in the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine (CCP). In our opinion, the types of expertise are of sci-entific rather than procedural importance, so it is not necessary to burden the CCP of Ukraine with unnec-essary provisions.
Peculiarities of establishing a psychological contact in the interrogation during the investigation of crimes against morality
Authors: Yefimov Mykola
Published: February 2021

The scientific article deals with some aspects of the investigation of crimes against morality. The peculiarities of establishing psychological contact during the interrogation during the investigation of this category of criminal offenses are considered. The author emphasizes that any activity starts with setting the interlocutors to such communica-tion, which can lead to the most effective results. Therefore, the establishment of psychological contact during the conduct of individual investigative (search) actions in the pre-trial investigation is important for their qualitative and effective conduct. The tactics of non-verbal investigative (search) actions, as well as of mixed nature, are accompanied by communication of their participants, networking. But the most important thing is to establish normal contact between the participants during verbal procedural actions, in particular, interrogation. In turn, the establishment of psychological contact in the investigation of crimes against morality is of fundamental importance, because it ensures the effective conduct of interrogation in the context of favorable conflict-free investigative situations. It is noted that the establishment of psychological contact is the creation of an appropriate at-mosphere and the establishment of a favorable relationship between the investigator and the interrogator, which becomes a factor of professional and psychological influence on the interrogator and helps to solve the problems of interrogation. Therefore, to relieve the state of tension, excitement, anxiety, anxiety, hos-tility, suspicion during the investigative (search) action it is necessary to establish psychological contact with the person, while applying a number of tactical and psychological techniques. In the investigation of crimes against morality, the establishment of favorable non-conflict investigative situations in the interrogation of establishing psychological contact is of fundamental importance.
Electronic segment in criminal procedural legislation of Armenia
Authors: Kalancha Inha
Published: February 2021

The article deals with the study of electronic segment in the criminal procedural law in Armenia. It proves the use of specialized electronic tools and information systems within the framework of criminal process in Armenia. Among them: a special computer system for recording, archiving data and protecting the system; technical means for controlling and intercepting telephone and other types of communications. The author identifies a number of non-specialized electronic tools applied in criminal proceedings, in particular: audio-visual, video recording, electronic or telegraph technical means; electronic media; means of communication; computer; phone; technical means, etc. The paper also presents the requirements for electronic recording of individual investigative ac-tions carried out by means of photographic work, audio-recording, video-recording, filming. Criminal-Procedural Code of Armenia separately specifies the requirements for electronic recording of interrogation, examination, exhumation, witnessing, person identification by a photograph, submitting a corpse for identi-fication, search, mail monitoring, telegrams and other means of communication, inspection and withdrawal of correspondence, wiretapping of telephone conversations, investigatory experiment, obtaining samples for carrying out expert research. The study focuses on the right of the suspect immediately after his / her deten-tion to notify of his / her whereabouts and the reasons for his / her detention using phone or other means of communication. However, it is possible to delay the effectuation of this right for up to 12 hours, if there is a reasonable assumption that immediate exercise of this right may obstruct crime prevention or will result in destroying or damaging the evidence. Moreover, petition for permission to apply measures of procedural coercion may be sent to the court and supervising prosecutor in electronic format. Procedural actions within criminal proceedings in Armenia are recorded in electronic format through the prism of the procedural action protocol. The hearing is accompanied by electronic recording of its progress and results. Electronic communication is also employed in terms of international cooperation.
Use of demonstration means (anatomic dolls) during interrogation of a minor
Authors: Pavlova Natalia
Published: February 2021

The article deals with the use of demonstration means during the interrogation of minors who are victims of violent crimes, including those committed on sexual grounds. It is noted that in practice it is very difficult to communicate with children affected by violence. First, the child locks himself in and does not want to tell the stranger what happened to her. Secondly, at a young age, a child may not be able to correctly describe an event because of a lack of terminology, especially that of anatomical parts of the body. It is possible to obtain the necessary testimonies from a child without stress and psychological trauma through the use of anatomical dolls, since the child associates himself with the doll and can even show how it has been harmed. That is, by asking a "third party" question, it is better to establish contact between the psychologist or the investigator and the child. Not only children, but also people with certain mental health problems, impaired language and sensory sensations, etc., can better express what has happened to them through demonstration tools. The characteristics of such demonstration means as "anatomical dolls" are highlighted, the principles of their use are outlined, attention is paid to their importance for pre-trial proceedings. A variety of demonstration options are offered, depending on the situation at the interrogation. It is substantiated that it is necessary to conduct the interrogation without unnecessary psychological traumatism in a child-friendly environment in which it will feel safe. The best option is to interview in a "crisis room" that is specifically tailored to handle this category of people, including video conferencing. Tactical and procedural peculiarities of engaging in the interrogation of juvenile victims of violent and sexual crimes, a psychologist, a legal representative and other obligatory participants are explored. Knowing the peculiarities of psychological development at a certain stage of the child's development, it is the psychologist who will help the investigator to give a correct assessment of the testimony of a minor and to formulate questions in terms of pedagogy and psychology.
Legal principles of implementation of migration administrative procedures
Authors: Yermakov Yuriy
Published: February 2021

The article deals with coverage of legal regulation of administrative procedures in the field of migration. It has been established that the legal regulation of the provision of administrative services in the field of migration is based on the subject matter of the normative legal acts in the sphere of: 1) citizenship, including the issue of acquisition of citizenship of Ukraine; types of services for citizens of Ukraine on departure abroad, etc .; 2) immigration - arrival in Ukraine or leaving in Ukraine in accordance with the procedure established by law of foreigners and stateless persons for permanent residence. The author has classified legal acts of the legal basis of administrative procedures in the field of migration should be as follows: laws of Ukraine to be adopted by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. For example, Law of Ukraine of January 18, 2001 No. 2235 “On Citizenship of Ukraine”; Law of Ukraine of 21.01.1994 No. 3857I "On the Procedure of Departure from Ukraine and Entry of Citizens of Ukraine into Ukraine"; Law of Ukraine of November 20, 2012 No. 5492 “On the Unified State Demographic Register and Documents Confirming Ukrainian Citizenship, Identifying a Person or Special Status”, etc .; decrees and decrees of the President of Ukraine (for example, Decree of the President of Ukraine dated 25.08.2015 No. 501/2015 "On approval of the National Strategy in the field of human rights"; Decree of the President of Ukraine of 27.03.2001 No. 215/2001 "Issues of organization of implementation of the Law of Ukraine" On Citizenship Decree of the President of Ukraine №327 / 2015 "On the admission of the citizenship of Ukraine to Lortkipanidze G. as a person whose acceptance into the citizenship of Ukraine is of national interest for Ukraine", etc.; resolutions and orders of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (eg Verkhov resolution Council of Ukraine of 26.06.1992 № 2503-XII "On Approval of the Provisions on the Passport of the Citizen of Ukraine"; Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of 21.01.1993 No. 793 "On the State Duty"; specimen form, technical description and procedure for registration, issuance, exchange, transfer, withdrawal, return to the state, destruction of the passport of a citizen of Ukraine for traveling abroad, his temporary detention and withdrawal”, etc.; 4) orders, instructions, regulations, etc. of central and local executive authorities (for example, to obtain administrative services for acquiring citizenship of Ukraine are governed by normative legal acts, including Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs No. 715 of 16.08.2012; etc.).
National or people’s sovereignty?
Authors: Zeynalov Fazil
Published: February 2021

In the article the author provides a comparative analysis of these two notions. He explains through the examples that owing to the historical context during the French Revolution, the gradual process of transforming the bearer of the sovereignty has started, and shift of power from the king to the collective unit has caused several disputes and discussions of theoretical nature. The collective unit, called the people or the nation, began to play the role of carrier of sovereignty, acting at the same time as the source of supreme power. Belonging of sovereignty to the people or the nation is manifested in the forms how the power presented to their representatives. Each of these forms has its own theoretical peculiarities. However, in the wake of historic developments the manifestation of one or another form of sovereignty practically loses its relevance. Regardless of the forms of expression of belonging of sovereignty to the people or the nation, sovereignty displays various and progressive elements of these concepts (renunciation of imperative mandate in favor of representative mandate, sovereignty is exercised through representatives rather than delegates)
Types and forms of illegal (smuggling) movement and / or transport to the territory (from the territory) of Ukraine
Authors: Krylovetskyi Andriy
Published: February 2021

The article emphasizes that combating illegal (smuggling) movement and / or transportation is one of the priority activities of the state. The statistical reporting of the State Fiscal Service of Ukraine and the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine on counteracting illegal (smuggling) movement and / or transportation is analyzed. It is noted that despite the considerable legal and regulatory framework in the field of combating smuggling and other types of illegal movement and / or transportation across the customs border of Ukraine, the number of cases of offenses in this area is increasing. The absence of sound scientific development of the types and forms of smuggling (export) to the territory (from the territory) of illegal migrants, inventory, narcotic drugs and their precursors, etc. is noted. The special relevance of such studies is emphasized in the context of the visa-free regime and the regimes established during the resolution of the internal armed conflict. The current national legislation in the field of combating illegal (smuggling) movement and / or transportation to the territory (from the territory) of illegal migrants, inventory, narcotics and their precur-sors is analyzed. Some types of illegal (smuggling) movement and / or transportation have been identified and investigated. Emphasis is placed on the classification of legal liability for illegal (smuggling) movement and / or transportation. External detection of smuggling by means of which smuggling is carried out outside customs control or by means of concealment from customs control is designated as a form of illegal (smuggling) movement and / or transportation to the territory (from the territory) of illegal migrants, inventory and their narcotics precursors. The relationship between the form and method of illegal (smuggling) movement and / or transportation has been proved. The conclusion was made about the need to amend the legislation in this area.
Peculiarities of implementation of principles of administrative judiciary in disputes on the provision of administrative services
Authors: Osipova Olena
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the research of the problem of accurate definition and consolidation in the Code of Administrative Justice of Ukraine of the system and the content of certain principles of this type of justice, in particular competitiveness, dispositiveness, official clarification of the circumstances of the case, the rule of law and others. At the same time, special attention is paid to the peculiarities of implementation of the above principles in the consideration of court cases related to the provision of administrative services by the authorities. The essence of these features lies in certain restrictions on the principles of competitiveness and dispositiveness in order to balance the powers of the parties to the trial, which requires additional procedural guarantees and assistance to the plaintiff in the collection and extraction of evidence. In doing so, the court must preserve the impartiality and objectivity of the trial. In addition, the author emphasizes on the diversity of definitions of the content of the concept of the principle of administrative justice by scientists, and substantiates his definition of the concept of the principle of administrative justice and his vision of the list and content of the principles of administrative justice in the current Code of Administrative Justice of Ukraine. In particular, it is proposed to supplement the list of administrative justice principles with the principles of the greatest facilitation of access to court; the inevitability of the responsibility of the authorities for their misconduct, inaction or decision; non-interference of the court with the discretionary powers of the public authorities. The paper concludes that the rule of law must be stated in Art. 8 of the Constitution of Ukraine and the procedural codes, including Art. 6 of the Code of Administrative Judiciary of Ukraine, in the formulation of paragraph 41 of the report of the Venice Commission of April 4, 2014 №512 / 2009.
Prevention of domestic violence is everyone’s personal deal!
Authors: Protsenko Olena
Published: February 2021

The article summarizes approaches to coercive measures that apply to persons who have committed domestic violence, as well as developing their own recommendations to address or reduce the severity of this problem in society. The existing and planned measures by the National Police of Ukraine on the impact on criminals practicing domestic violence are analyzed. Examples of the fight against domestic violence in the leading countries of the world are given. The need for a clear definition in the minds of citizens what exactly should be qualified as domestic violence is noted. It is recommended to conduct thematic lessons with the disclosure of such concepts as “mutual respect”, “mutual assistance”, “respectful attitude to women, as well as older persons”, “tolerant attitude to people with special needs” and others, which ultimately will help to grow mentally healthy nation. Programs that teach young people healthy relationship skills such as communication, effectively managing feelings, and problem-solving can prevent violence. These skills can stop violence in dating relationships before it occurs. The best way to put a lasting stop to domestic violence is for people to abstain from the practice of trying to control and mistreat those they love. To be able to achieve this goal, we need to teach our younger generation the significance of respecting their prospective partners through a courteous and healthy bond with our spouses and partners. There are several ways to boost the prevention of domestic violence in our community. A major strategy for preventing domestic violence, frequently referred to as intimate partner violence, is by boosting respectful and peaceful relationships. It is proposed to organize the work of a sufficient number of centers of social and psychological assistance available for victims, as well as free helplines that should work around the clock.
Vіctіm’s consent to conclude a plea agreement as a tool to wіden the scope of the іnstіtutіon of the agreement іn crіmіnal proceedіngs: certaіn aspects
Authors: Taus Maksym
Published: February 2021

The artіcle deals wіth topіcal іssues of crіmіnal proceedіngs on the basіs of the plea agreement concluded on the basіs of the wrіtten consent of the vіctіm іn thіs crіmіnal proceedіngs and іdentіfіes the maіn problems of the applіcatіon of crіmіnal procedural law іn the executіon of crіmіnal proceedіngs on the basіs of agreements. The author analyzes the іssue of extendіng the lіmіts of applіcatіon of the іnstіtute of agreements іn crіmіnal proceedіngs of Ukraіne by applyіng the іnstіtute of plea agreement іn crіmіnal proceedіngs іn whіch the vіctіm partіcіpates, іn partіcular іn cases when concludіng an agreement on reconcіlіatіon between the vіctіm and the accused іs not allowed. The artіcle analyzes the problematіc іssues of procedural regіstratіon of the vіctіm's wrіtten consent for conclusіon by the prosecutor of the plea agreement and further consіderatіon of such agreement by the court. The author of the artіcle іdentіfіes the maіn shortcomіngs and gaps of the current crіmіnal procedural legіslatіon, іn part, whіch regulates the іmplementatіon of court proceedіngs on the basіs of a plea agreement concluded wіth the wrіtten consent of the vіctіm, as well as possіble ways of overcomіng the іdentіfіed legіslatіve problems found. agreements іn crіmіnal proceedіngs of Ukraіne and ensurіng the protectіon of procedural rіghts of partіcіpants іn crіmіnal proceedіngs іn the іmplementatіon court pro-ceedіngs based on agreements. Іn partіcular, the author drew attentіon to the lack of procedural rules that should ensure the ef-fectіve use of vіctіms' procedural rіghts and protectіon of legіtіmate іnterests іn court proceedіngs on the basіs of a plea agreement. The author draws partіcular attentіon to the shortcomіngs of the procedural legіslatіon, whіch led to the actual deprіvatіon of the vіctіm's rіght to appeal agaіnst the sentence on the basіs of the plea agreement concluded wіth hіs wrіtten consent.
Migration of population in present world: consequences, influence factors, legal context
Authors: Tishchenkova Svitlana , Tyshchenkova Iryna
Published: February 2021

Leading experts in various areas of public life are thinking today about the question: what role does the factor of migration play in the future revival of the "world after the virus"? To avoid a migration crisis, states must take the "migration issue" into account in their national anti-pandemic strategies. And it is important that migrants are perceived not only as victims, but also as people who are able to withstand new threats. The strategy for winning Covid-19 must be based on inclusiveness, courage and cooperation at all levels of international communication. Nations must unite in order to prevent a global migration crisis and at the same time overcome the social, economic and legal "barriers" that the entire world community has faced today. In parallel with the global battle against the pandemic, a struggle is unfolding between two com-peting concepts regarding the strategy of forming a new world order. The first concept seems the most obvious and appropriate: the pandemic crisis has highlighted the need for a system of multilateral relations and joint action, demonstrated all the fallacies of unilateral nationalism and isolationism. The second concept offers a diametrically opposed approach: globalization and open borders have made humanity vulnerable to viruses and other threats, and the current struggle to control the supply of goods, including medical equipment and materials, requires that each country take care of itself first. And regardless of who eventually wins this long struggle for survival, the socio-economic crisis caused by the pandemic will lead to an even more powerful surge of nationalism, xenophobia, and dis-crimination on ethnic and national grounds. In such circumstances, migrants are the most obvious target for growing problems. Accordingly, the study of current trends in labor migration, taking into account the threats associ-ated with the global economic crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic, and other threats, is relevant for both scholars and the general population.
Institute of constitutional complaint: foreign practice, domestic experience and prospects
Authors: Nalyvaiko Larysa , Chepik-Tregubenko Olha
Published: February 2021

The article deals with the problem of realization of the constitutional complaint in foreign countries and its peculiarities and further prospects in Ukraine. It is emphasised that the introduction of the constitutional complaint and the parallel implementation of the doctrine of amicable treatment of international law in the Constitutional Court will comprehensively promote the protection of citizens’ rights at national level and, as a result, can be an effective means of avoiding undue burden on the European Court of Human Rights. The most relevant directions for the constitutional complaint in Ukraine are identified: the intro-duction of a full constitutional complaint, but not a regulatory one which is in force today; inability to review the decision of the Court of Justice for a final judgement already enforced, etc. It is pointed out that the introduction of a normative model of constitutional complaint in Ukraine provoked a number of discussions regarding the full realization of the rights of the individual, but the situation in the state should be evaluated first and foremost. Various statistics on the constitutional complaint in Ukraine and in foreign countries are presented and analyzed. It is highlighted that given the complex political and economic situation in the coun-try and other factors, the implementation of the constitutional complaint institute should be moderate in nature and be gradual, elaborated and legally predicted by specialists. It is emphasised that the introduction of a complete model of constitutional complaint is an important direction of development of constitutional modernization in Ukraine which should move in parallel with political, social, economic reforms. With a view to the effective and transparent implementation of the constitutional complaint institute in Ukraine, the need for clarification of the provision of Article 78 on the grounds for issuing the interlocutory order, since the question remains as to what exactly should be referred to as the term “irre-versible consequences”; attention to the issue of meaningful filling of the concept of “public interest” (Part 2 of Article 77 of the Law of Ukraine “On the Constitutional Court of Ukraine”).
Analisis Kepuasan Mahasiswa dalam Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Online di Era Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Redaputri Appin Purisky , Prastyo Yanuar Dwi , Barusman M Yusuf S
Published: February 2021

Pembelajaran secara online saat ini harus dilakukan karena adanya pandemi Covid-19 ini. Termasuk pada tingkat peguruan tinggi. Salah satu Universitas swasta di Bandar Lampung yaitu Universitas Bandar Lampung (UBL). UBL sudah lama menerapkan blended learning dengan menggunakan sistem bernama UBLApps. Namun sistem yang tersedia belum tentu bisa membuat proses belajar mengajar mencapai tujuannya. Pemahaman para mahasiswa mengenai apa yang diperlajari merupakan esensi dari kegiatan belajar mengajar. Untuk itu perlu diketahui seberapa jauh kesiapan mahasiswa untuk menggunakan sistem UBLApps dari sisi pemahaman dan infrastruktur. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Dengan jumlah populasi semua mahasiswa aktif Universitas Bandar Lampung yang aktif yang mengikuti pembelajaran online sebanyak 5.175 orang mahasiswa. Jumlah sampel penelitian ditetapkan sebanyak 561 orang yang dapat mewakili populasi dengan menggunakan simple random sampling. Hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa mahasiswa sudah siap melaksanakan program pembelajaran online dengan infrastruktur jaringan internet yang memadai. Kemudian dari sisi pembelajaran online, mahasiswa lebih memilih kuliah online dari pada offline dan model interaksi campuran antara tatap muka dan tanpa tatap muka. Mahasiswa juga sebagian besar sudah merasa paham dengan materi yang diberikan dan puas dengan pembelajaran online yang sudah dijalankan di UBL. Dalam mengahadapi era new normal, Universitas Bandar Lampung juga menerapkan flexi learning. Sebagian besar mahasiswa setuju dengan adanya penerapan flexi learning, namun jika diperbolehkan untuk memilih lebih banyak mahasiswa yang menginginkan untuk kuliah secara offline jika kondisi memungkinkan.
Analisis Pembelajaran Daring di SD 2 Tenggeles Mejobo Kudus pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Kartika Muhammad , Erik Aditya Ismaya  , Muhammad Noor Ahsin
Published: February 2021

Latar belakang dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah melihat dari latar belakang kendala pembelajaran daring yang dialami oleh siswa dan guru dalam melakukan pembelajaran daring selama pandemi Covid-19 di SD 2 Tenggeles. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan kendala pembelajaran daring yang dialami oleh siswa dan guru, dan mendeskripsikan solusi kendala pembelajaran daring di SD 2 Tenggeles pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Kualitatif Deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dokumentasi, observasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan beberapa kendala yang dialami oleh siswa yaitu siswa merasa jenuh karena selalu belajar di rumah, siswa tidak pernah bertemu untuk belajar dengan temannya dan siswa merasa kurang paham dalam memahami materi pelajaran. Selain itu kendala yang dialami guru adalah guru merasa pembelajan kurang maksimal kerena guru tidak bisa menyampaikan meteri secara tatap muka dan guru tidak bisa melihat perkembangan siswa dalam menguasai materi pelajaran. Solusi dari kendala yang dialami oleh siswa adalah orang tua selain mengasuh dan menemani anak dalam belajar diharapkan juga menggantikan peran guru untuk mengajari anak dalam memahami materi pelajaran yang sulit dan siswa diharapkan untuk bisa belajar kelompok dengan teman agar tidak jenuh dalam belajar di rumah. Lalu solusi dari kendala yang di alami oleh guru adalah  guru dapat menghimbau orang tua untuk membiarkan anak mengerjakan soal evaluasi agar dapat melihat kemampuan anak dalam menguasai materi pelajaran. Berdasarkan kendala yang dialami oleh guru dan siswa solusi dari permasalahan tersebut adalah melakukan pembelajaran berbasis Blended Learning atau pembelajaran yang mengkombinasikan pembelajaran tatap muka dengan pembelajaran berbasis komputer.
Analisis Kemampuan Literasi Digital Orang Tua Anak Usia Dini di Kecamatan Tampan Kota Pekanbaru Riau
Authors: Ain Nur , Novianti Ria , Solfiah Yeni , Puspitasari Enda
Published: February 2021

Literasi Digital suatu kemampuan yang perlu dimiliki oleh orang tua, untuk memahami dan menggunakan informasi dari berbagai sumber digital yang ada. Pada masa pandemi seperti saat ini, keharusan anak untuk melakukan pembelajaran dari rumah mau tidak mau mengharuskan orang tua untuk ikut terjun langsung dalam proses belajar mengajar anak-anaknya dirumah, namun pada kenyataanya tidak semua orang tua memiliki kemampuan literasi digital yang baik, bahkan beberapa diantaranya mengakui bahwa anak lebih bisa menggunakan teknologi digital terutama gadget selangkah lebih maju dari orang tua. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan literasi digital orang tua anak usia dini di Kecamatan Tampan Kota Pekanbaru Riau. Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif yang dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Tampan Kota Pekanbaru Riau. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 40 orang tua yang memiliki anak usia dini di Kecamatan Tampan Kota Pekanbaru yang dipilih secara acak. Penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner kemampuan literasi digital orang tua dengan menggunakan Teori Instant Digital Competence Assessment (Idca) sebagai instrumen yang dapat diukur dengan menggunakan skala likert. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan literasi digital orang tua anak usia dini di Kecamatan Tampan Kota Pekanbaru Provinsi Riau  berada pada kategori “Rendah” yaitu dengan persentase 31%. Penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi kepada orang tua agar dapat lebih memperhatikan betapa pentingnya kemampuan literasi digital bagi diri sendiri maupun orang lain terutama anak usia dini di zaman modern ini.
Characteristics of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in carcinogenesis of gallbladder papillary adenoma: A case report
Authors: Guan Pei-Shan , Yuan Hai-Xia , Wang Wen-Ping
Published: February 2021

Gallbladder cancer is a malignant tumor with high mortality. Early diagnosis is significance to improve the prognosis of patients. Gallbladder adenoma is recognized as a kind of precancerous disease, for the past few years, contrast-enhanced ultrasound was used in the diagnosis of biliary tumors. This case is about gallbladder papillary adenoma with carcinogenesis. There is rare literature on the contrast-enhanced ultrasound manifestations of this type of disease. We hope that this report can help improve the recognition of contrast-enhanced ultrasound features and improve the accuracy of early diagnosis of gallbladder cancer.
Comparison of ACR TI-RADS, Kwak TI-RADS, ATA guidelines and KTA/KSThR guidelines in combination with SWE in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules
Authors: Zhang Wei-Bing , Xu Wen , Fu Wen-Jie , He Bei-Li , Liu Hua , Deng Wen-Fang
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVE: To compare the diagnostic efficacy of ACR TI-RADS, Kwak TI-RADS, ATA guidelines and KTA/KSThR guidelines in combination with shear wave elastography (SWE) for thyroid nodules. METHODS: The retrospective study included 566 thyroid nodules with maximum diameter≥5 mm which confirmed by FNA cytology or/and surgical pathology. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, Youden index of diagnosis of thyroid nodules by ACR TI-RADS, Kwak TI-RADS, ATA guidelines, KTA/KSThR guidelines and SWE were calculated. The ROC curve was drawn to determine the cut-off values of the four ultrasound classification systems and SWE Emax. The diagnostic efficacy of the four ultrasound classification systems in combination with SWE were calculated and compared with those of pre-combination. RESULTS: The ROC curves indicated that the cut-off value of ACR TI-RADS, Kwak TI-RADS, ATA guidelines, KTA/KSThR guidelines and Emax of SWE was TR5, 4c, high-suspicion, high-suspicion, and 41.7 kPa, respectively, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.907(0.879–0.934), 0904(0.876–0.932), 0.894(0.863–0.924), 0.888(0.856–0.919), 0.886(0.859–0.913), respectively. After combination with SWE, the the sensitivities of the four ultrasound classification systems for the diagnosis of nodules were improved, and the differences were statistically significant (all P≤0.001); the specificities were decreased, but the differences were not statistically significant (all P > 0.05); the accuracies were improved, but only the difference of ACR TI-RADS was statistically significant (x2 = 4.45, P = 0.035); the differences in the AUCs were not significant (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The four ultrasound classification systems and SWE all had high performance in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules. The four classification systems in combination with SWE were all beneficial to the differential diagnosis of nodules, and ACR TI-RADS in combination with SWE was more effective, especially for TR3 and TR4 nodules.
Comparison of ultrasound guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation and open thyroidectomy in the treatment of low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: A propensity score matching study
Authors: Zhang Chao , Yin Jing , Hu Chenlu , Ye Qin , Wang Ping , Huang Pintong
Published: February 2021

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, safety and costs of ultrasound guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) versus open thyroidectomy for treating low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) by using propensity score matching (PSM). PATIENTS AND METHODS: 157 patients who underwent RFA and 206 patients who underwent surgery for low-risk PTMC were included in the study. The patients were followed up at 1, 3, 6, 12 months after treatment, and every half year thereafter. A 1:1 PSM method was applied to balance the pretreatment data of the two groups. In the matched group (133 patients for each), the operative time, length of hospital stay, hospitalization expenses, cosmetic results, complications were assessed and compared between two groups. RESULTS: At last follow-up, 39 tumors (29.3%) in the RFA group completely disappeared. Between the well-matched groups, no local recurrence, lymph node metastasis or distant metastases were detected in either group during the follow-up period. After matching, the operation time and hospitalization time in RFA group were shorter than those in surgery group (both P < 0.05). The average hospitalization expense of the patients in RFA group was cheaper than that in surgery group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the cosmetic score was found to be higher in RFA group than that observed in surgery group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: RFA may be an effective and safe method for treating low-risk PTMC with a superior advantage of being low-cost and having a shorter operation time and hospital stay versus surgery.
Examination of the relation between red blood cell aggregation and hematocrit in human and various experimental animals
Authors: Barath Barbara , Somogyi Viktoria , Tanczos Bence , Varga Adam , Bereczky Zsuzsanna , Nemeth Norbert , Deak Adam
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND: Red blood cell (RBC) aggregation plays an important role in the physiological processes of the microcirculation. The complete mechanism of aggregation is still unclear, and it is influenced by several cellular and plasmatic factors. One of these factors is the hematocrit (Hct). OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that the relation of RBC aggregation and Hct differs between species. METHODS: From anticoagulated blood samples of healthy volunteers, rats, dogs, and pigs, 20, 40, and 60 %Hct RBC, autologous plasma suspensions were prepared. Hematological parameters and RBC aggregation was determined by light-transmission and light-reflection method. RESULTS: Suspensions at 20%and 60%Hct expressed lower RBC aggregation than of 40%Hct suspensions, showing inter-species differences. By curve fitting the Hct at the highest aggregation value differed in species (human: 45.25%- M 5 s, 40.86%- amp; rat: 44.44 %- M1 10 s, 39.37%- amp; dog: 42.48%- M 5 s, 44.29%- amp; pig: 47.63%- M 5 s, 52.8%- amp). CONCLUSION: RBC aggregation - hematocrit relation shows inter-species differences. Human blood was found to be the most sensitive for hematocrit changes. The more obvious differences could be detected by M 5 s by light-transmission method and amplitude parameter using light-reflection method.