bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Step-by-Step Dissection of the Mediastinum: A Training Protocol
Authors: Verzeletti Vincenzo , Cannone Giorgio , Hirtler Lena , Bonis Alessandro , Lloret Madrid Andrea , Marino Maria Carlotta , Shamshoum Fares , Lione Luigi , Zuin Andrea , Dell’Amore Andrea , Rea Federico
Published: September 2023

The understanding of mediastinal anatomy represents a real challenge because of the vital structures inside it and due to its complex relationships with surrounding anatomical regions. Human anatomical specimens are always used both for the teaching of anatomy and the training of young surgeons, thus providing a deep understanding of the most complex anatomical regions and allowing less experienced surgeons to become familiar with surgical instruments and their use on actual human tissues. Despite the spread of these learning practices, there are no principles of dissection to follow for a young physician interested in the anatomy of the mediastinum. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to define a reliable and reproducible protocol for the dissection of the mediastinum. A stratigraphic anatomical dissection on three embalmed human specimens was performed. All steps were documented by high-quality photographs, taken with a professional digital reflex camera, and subsequently edited. A step-by-step anatomical dissection guide was created, detailing every phase, guiding the dissection of the mediastinal anatomy, and leading to the correct identification of its main anatomical structures. We present a step-by-step dissection guide to the mediastinal anatomy with point-by-point explanations and dedicated images, providing an additional tool for the comprehension of this complex anatomical area.
On Asymptotic Properties of Stochastic Neutral-Type Inertial Neural Networks with Mixed Delays
Authors: Wang Bingxian , Yin Honghui , Du Bo
Published: September 2023

This article studies the stability problem of a class of stochastic neutral-type inertial delay neural networks. By introducing appropriate variable transformations, the second-order differential system is transformed into a first-order differential system. Using homeomorphism mapping, standard stochastic analyzing technology, the Lyapunov functional method and the properties of a neutral operator, we establish new sufficient criteria for the unique existence and stochastically globally asymptotic stability of equilibrium points. An example is also provided, to show the validity of the established results. From our results, we find that, under appropriate conditions, random disturbances have no significant impact on the existence, stability, and symmetry of network systems.
Coefficient Inequalities and Fekete–Szegö-Type Problems for Family of Bi-Univalent Functions
Authors: Al-Hawary Tariq , Amourah Ala , Almutairi Hasan , Frasin Basem
Published: September 2023

In this study, we present a novel family of holomorphic and bi-univalent functions, denoted as EΩ(η,ε;Ϝ). We establish the coefficient bounds for this family by utilizing the generalized telephone numbers. Additionally, we solve the Fekete–Szegö functional for functions that belong to this family within the open unit disk. Moreover, our results have several consequences.
Photo-Cleavable Polycations-Wrapped Upconversion Nanoparticles for Efficient siRNA Delivery and Cancer Therapy
Authors: He Yuling , Guo Shuwen , Ju Huangxian , Liu Ying
Published: September 2023

RNA interference (RNAi) therapy is a promising approach for cancer therapy. However, due to the weak binding affinity between a carrier and small interference RNA (siRNA) and complicated tumor environment, efficient loading and release of siRNA still remain challenging. Here, we design photo-cleavable polycations-wrapped upconversion nanoparticles (PC-UCNPs) for spatially and temporally controllable siRNA delivery. The PC-UCNPs are synthesized by in situ reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of photo-cleaved 5-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)-2-nitrobenzyl acrylat (MENA) monomer and poly(oligo(ethylene oxide) methyl ether acrylate (OEMA) mononer through a chain transfer agent that anchored on the surface of silica-coated upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs@SiO2). After reacting with CH3I, siRNA and hyaluronic acid (HA) are adsorbed on the particle surface to prepare PC-UCNPs/siRNA/HA. The reaction with cell-secreted hyaluronidase (HAase) achieves the intracellular delivery of PC-UCNPs/siRNA/HA, and 980 nm laser irradiation causes siRNA release, which effectively improves the gene silencing efficiency in vitro and suppresses tumor growth in vivo; therefore, these processes have a promising potential application in precision medicine.
A Hidden Pathway for Human Exposure to Micro- and Nanoplastics—The Mechanical Fragmentation of Plastic Products during Daily Use
Authors: Yu Yang , Craig Nicholas , Su Lei
Published: September 2023

In numerous environmental compartments around the world, the existence of micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) in the environment has been verified. A growing number of studies have looked at the interaction between MNPs and human activities due to the risks they may pose to humans. Exposure pathways are key factors in measuring MNPs risks. However, current research largely ignores the contribution of mechanical fragmentation pathways to MNPs exposure during the daily use of plastic products. Our critical review demonstrated the research gap between MNP fragmentation and risk assessments via a network analysis. The release of fragmented MNPs and their properties were also described at various scales, with emphasis on environmental stressors and mechanical fragmentation. In the scenarios of daily use, plastic products such as food packaging and clothing provide acute pathways of MNPs exposure. The release tendency of those products (up to 102 mg MNPs) are several orders of magnitude higher than MNPs abundances in natural compartments. Despite the limited evidence available, waste recycling, landfill and municipal activities represented long-term pathways for MNPs fragmentation and point sources of MNPs pollution in environmental media. Assessing the health effects of the fragmentation process, unfortunately, is further hampered by the current absence of human exposure impact assessments for secondary MNPs. We proposed that future studies should integrate aging evaluation into risk assessment frameworks and establish early warning signs of MNPs released from plastic products.
Sex-Specific Effects of Short-Term Oral Administration of Food-Grade Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in the Liver and Kidneys of Adult Rats
Authors: Tassinari Roberta , Tammaro Alessia , Martinelli Andrea , Valeri Mauro , Maranghi Francesca
Published: September 2023

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterial is used in several items (implant materials, pills composition, cosmetics, etc.). Although TiO2 is no longer considered safe as a food additive, the general population is exposed daily through different routes, and information is lacking on some aspects of animal and human health. This study evaluated liver and kidney toxicity of food-grade TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) (primary size < 25 nm) in male and female rats that were orally exposed for 5 days to 0, 1, and 2 mg/kg body weight per day (comparable with daily E171 consumption). Selected liver and kidney toxicity endpoints included serum biomarkers, histopathological analysis and expression of osteopontin (SPP1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and neuropeptide Y (NPY). Although TiO2 NPs are known to affect the gastric mucosa, short-term exposure induced sex-specific effects: general toxicity parameters were predominantly altered in female rats, whereas the liver appeared to be more affected than the kidneys in male rats, which also showed overexpression of NPY and SPP1. In the kidneys, the TiO2 NP effects were quantitatively similar but qualitatively different in the two sexes. In conclusion, careful consideration should be paid to the presence of TiO2 NPs in other items that can lead to human exposure.
Application of Pattern Recognition and Computer Vision Tools to Improve the Morphological Analysis of Microplastic Items in Biological Samples
Authors: Astel Aleksander Maria , Piskuła Paulina
Published: September 2023

Since, in many routine analytical laboratories, a stereomicroscope coupled with a digital camera is not equipped with advanced software enabling automatic detection of features of observed objects, in the present study, a procedure of feature detection using open-source software was proposed and validated. Within the framework of applying microscopic expertise coupled with image analysis, a set of digital images of microplastic (MP) items identified in organs of fish was used to determine shape descriptors (such as length, width, item area, etc.). The edge points required to compute shape characteristics were set manually in digital images acquired by the camera coupled with a binocular, and respective values were computed via the use of built-in MotiConnect software. As an alternative, a new approach consisting of digital image thresholding, binarization, the use of connected-component labeling, and the computation of shape descriptors on a pixel level via using the functions available in an OpenCV library or self-written in C++ was proposed. Overall, 74.4% of the images were suitable for thresholding without any additional pretreatment. A significant correlation was obtained between the shape descriptors computed by the software and computed using the proposed approach. The range of correlation coefficients at a very high level of significance, according to the pair of correlated measures, was higher than 0.69. The length of fibers can be satisfactorily approximated using a value of half the length of the outer perimeter (r higher than 0.75). Compactness and circularity significantly differ for particles and fibers.
Recombination in Bacterial Genomes: Evolutionary Trends
Authors: Shikov Anton E. , Savina Iuliia A. , Nizhnikov Anton A. , Antonets Kirill S.
Published: September 2023

Bacterial organisms have undergone homologous recombination (HR) and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) multiple times during their history. These processes could increase fitness to new environments, cause specialization, the emergence of new species, and changes in virulence. Therefore, comprehensive knowledge of the impact and intensity of genetic exchanges and the location of recombination hotspots on the genome is necessary for understanding the dynamics of adaptation to various conditions. To this end, we aimed to characterize the functional impact and genomic context of computationally detected recombination events by analyzing genomic studies of any bacterial species, for which events have been detected in the last 30 years. Genomic loci where the transfer of DNA was detected pertained to mobile genetic elements (MGEs) housing genes that code for proteins engaged in distinct cellular processes, such as secretion systems, toxins, infection effectors, biosynthesis enzymes, etc. We found that all inferences fall into three main lifestyle categories, namely, ecological diversification, pathogenesis, and symbiosis. The latter primarily exhibits ancestral events, thus, possibly indicating that adaptation appears to be governed by similar recombination-dependent mechanisms.
Starspot Activity without Pulsation in the Binary System KIC 5444392 Revisited
Authors: Jin Mengqi , Fu Jianning , Wang Jiaxing , Zong Weikai
Published: September 2023

We revisited the short-period (∼1.5 days) binary system KIC 5444392, which shows quasi-period modulated light variations. Previous studies indicated that these variations might be caused by stellar pulsations. In our work, we used the PHOEBE program, which revealed that this binary is an almost circular (e ≈0.007) detached system with two G-type stars. The masses and radii of the primary and secondary stars were obtained as M1=1.21±0.06M⊙, R1=1.69±0.09R⊙ and M2=1.27±0.06M⊙, R2=1.69±0.09R⊙, respectively. Based on these parameters, the isochrone fitting showed that this system consists of a subgiant and a main-sequence star, whose ages are 3.89−0.34+0.37 Gyr. Neither the primary nor the secondary star is in the mass range of Cepheid and Gamma Dor. Fourier analysis showed that the fitting residuals varied stochastically in a frequency around the orbital frequency, which means that the quasi-periodic signals resulted from starspots rather than stellar pulsation. Similar stellar parameters of both components of KIC 5444392 and the frequency analysis lead us to believe that starspots are in both stars. The autocorrelation analysis on the residuals indicates that the decay timescale of the starspots is about 53 days, and the rotational periods of both stars are very close to the orbital period of the binary. This result adheres to the trend that the decay timescale increases following the rotational frequency. Thus, studying this binary could increase our understanding of the light variations in the binary system.
Protective versus Pathogenic Type I Interferon Responses during Virus Infections
Authors: Jung Kwang Il , McKenna Savannah , Vijayamahantesh Vijayamahantesh , He Ying , Hahm Bumsuk
Published: September 2023

Following virus infections, type I interferons are synthesized to induce the expression of antiviral molecules and interfere with virus replication. The importance of early antiviral type I IFN response against virus invasion has been emphasized during COVID-19 as well as in studies on the microbiome. Further, type I IFNs can directly act on various immune cells to enhance protective host immune responses to viral infections. However, accumulating data indicate that IFN responses can be harmful to the host by instigating inflammatory responses or inducing T cell suppression during virus infections. Also, inhibition of lymphocyte and dendritic cell development can be caused by type I IFN, which is independent of the traditional signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 signaling. Additionally, IFNs were shown to impair airway epithelial cell proliferation, which may affect late-stage lung tissue recovery from the infection. As such, type I IFN–virus interaction research is diverse, including host antiviral innate immune mechanisms in cells, viral strategies of IFN evasion, protective immunity, excessive inflammation, immune suppression, and regulation of tissue repair. In this report, these IFN activities are summarized with an emphasis placed on the functions of type I IFNs recently observed during acute or chronic virus infections.
Attitudes and Practices Related to COVID-19 Vaccination with the Second Booster Dose among Members of Athens Medical Association: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zoumpoulis Georgios , Deligiorgi Paraskevi , Lamprinos Dimitrios , Georgakopoulos Panagiotis , Oikonomou Evangelos , Siasos Gerasimos , Rachiotis Georgios , Damaskos Christos , Papagiannis Dimitrios , Papavassiliou Kostas A. , Patoulis George , Patsourakos Fotios , Benetou Vasiliki , Riza Elena , Orfanos Philippos , Lagiou Pagona , Marinos Georgios
Published: September 2023

Background: There are limited data on the attitudes and acceptance of the second booster (fourth dose) of the COVID-19 vaccination among physicians. Methods: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based, online study was conducted among members of the Athens Medical Association (A.M.A.) who were invited to participate anonymously over the period from January to March 2023. Results: From the 1224 members who participated in the survey, 53.9% did not receive the fourth dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. The main reasons for no vaccination were the lack of obligation to receive the fourth dose, the history of three doses of the COVID-19 vaccine and the lack of sufficient information about the effectiveness of the fourth dose. Over half of the three-dose-vaccinated participants were willing to receive the fourth dose in the near future. Interestingly, the vaccination coverage among participants who had been informed about the fourth dose through scientific sources was low. Conclusions: The low vaccination coverage with the fourth dose reported in this study can lead to broad and serious consequences, such as increase in COVID-19 infections, reduction of available healthcare staff and increased caseloads of COVID-19 in hospitals. Furthermore, hesitant physicians will adversely influence the vaccination uptake among the general population due to their key role in informing and recommending the vaccine. The healthcare system administration should acknowledge and address physician’s concerns through effective communication and better support.
Cardiac Troponin I and Electrocardiographic Evaluation in Hospitalized Cats with Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
Authors: Pugliese Michela , Napoli Ettore , La Maestra Rocky , Or Mehmet Erman , Bilgiç Bengü , Previti Annalisa , Biondi Vito , Passantino Annamaria
Published: September 2023

Several studies conducted on humans demonstrate the increase in cardiac troponins and the onset of arrhythmias in the course of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). The aim of the current study was to assess the blood concentration of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and electrocardiographic findings in SIRS-affected cats. Seventeen shorthair cats hospitalized with SIRS were enrolled (Group 1). SIRS diagnosis was performed based on the detection of at least two of the four criteria such as abnormal body temperature, abnormal heart rate (i.e., tachycardia or bradycardia), abnormal respiratory rate (i.e., tachypnea or bradypnea), and alterations of white blood cell number (i.e., leukocytes or band neutrophils). Ten cats screened for elective surgery such as neutering or dental procedures were evaluated as a control population (Group 2). They were considered healthy based on history, physical examination, hematological and biochemical profile, urinalysis, coprological exam, thyroxine assay, blood pressure measurement, and echocardiography. A physical examination, complete blood cell count, biochemistry test (including an electrolyte panel), electrocardiographic examination, and cTnI assay were carried out in each cat enrolled. Traumatic events, gastrointestinal, neoplastic, respiratory, and neurological disorders were identified as causes of SIRS in Group 1. In Group 1, a significantly higher concentration of cTnI than that in Group 2 was recorded (p = 0.004). In 37.5% of cats with SIRS, ventricular premature complexes occurring in couplets with multiform configuration were detected. Similarly, to humans, data herein reported would indicate possible cardiac damage present in cats with SIRS diagnosis.
Effects of Patch Density and Incoming Sediment on Flow Characteristics and Bed Morphology
Authors: Wang Dan , Li Feng , Yang Kejun
Published: September 2023

This study focuses on the effects of vegetation patch density, bed condition, and incoming sediment on flow structure and bed morphology within and around a patch. The variation in upstream adjustment velocity is not well defined for low-density vegetation patches but decreases with increasing patch density in high-density patches. The length of the upstream adjustment region is greater for high-density vegetation. Incoming sediment causes a reduction in both the steady wake velocity and the length of the steady wake at a low density. The length of the recovery region increases with density when vegetation is sparse, but remains constant in a dense patch. Additionally, the length of the recovery region decreases due to incoming sediment. Turbulent kinetic energy is not affected by the bedform and incoming sediment when reaching its first peak. However, the second maximum of the turbulent kinetic energy increases when the bed is movable. The evolution of bed morphology is closely related to the flow structure and the growth of the von Karman vortex street. Both the rising length and the adjusted length decrease with increasing patch density, while the incoming sediment causes an increase in the adjusted length. Behind the patch wake, the first minimum elevation, maximum elevation, and second minimum elevation decrease as the patch density increases. These values, in turn, increase with the sediment supply upstream of the flume.
Implementation of HydroBID Model with Satellite-Based Precipitation Products in Guadalquivir Basin, Bolivia
Authors: Saavedra Oliver , Ureña Jhonatan , Perales Moisés
Published: September 2023

The use of distributed precipitation data in hydrological models is critically important to simulate processes at a micro-basin scale. However, aerial precipitation at a high resolution is required to run these models. This study aimed to set up the HydroBID tool in the Guadalquivir River basin using satellite-based precipitation products. The employed products included GSMaP gauge version 6, interpolated rain gauges using Kriging, the combined GS product for Bolivia, and the proposed combined product for the Guadalquivir basin. The GS Guadalquivir was generated by combining the satellite-based product GSMaP gauge version 6 with the local rain gauge network. The main difference with GS Bolivia is the improvement of the resolution from 5 km to 250 m. An iteration scheme using 230 micro-basins was employed, reaching a correlation of 0.98 compared to the control dataset. By using the hydrological model with the precipitation products, the daily river discharge was obtained, showing a high correlation of 0.99 and efficiency of 0.96 in relation to observed data between 2000 and 2016 at Obrajes station. Simulated flows with Kriging and GS Guadalquivir products presented similarly high correlations compared to the observed flows. In the case of GSMaP and GS Bolivia, these products showed general underestimations of the simulated flows, reaching correlations between 0.28 and 0.91, respectively. Moreover, annual volumes were analyzed, where the overestimation of GSMaP, Kriging, and GS Guadalquivir showed similar characteristics concerning the distribution of specific river discharges and volumes. Therefore, HydroBID appeared to be a feasible tool with enough adaptability to use distributed precipitation and simulate flows at a micro-basin scale. Therefore, we recommend applying this scheme to other basins to carry out analysis of events, water balance, and floods and similar studies.
Temporal and Spatial Changes in Soil Organic Carbon in a Semi-Arid Area of Aohan County, Chifeng City, China
Authors: Li Long , Dong Xiaoyu , Sheng Yan , Zhang Peng , Zhang Shangxuan , Zhu Zhizhuo
Published: September 2023

Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays a crucial role in arid zones, while land-use change could lead to changes in the balance of SOC. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the impact of land-use change on the temporal and spatial variability in SOC at the county scale. A semi-arid zone (Aohan County, Northeast China) covering a surface of 3800 km2 was selected for this study. SOC data for 65 and 182 soil samples from 1985 and 2021, respectively, were collected for major land-use types (forestland, farmland, grassland, and sandy land) across Aohan County to a depth of 20 cm. The impacts of different land-use types and land-use changes on SOC were evaluated. The results showed that land-use change enhanced the spatial variability in SOC over the last 36 years. The mean SOC in 2021 (7.49 g kg−1) was significantly higher than that in 1985 (6.91 g kg−1). Converting sandy land into grassland and farmland into forest or grassland would lead to significant accumulation of SOC, while the depletion of SOC occurred after grassland afforestation. The balance between aboveground biomass inputs and SOC decomposition was the determining reason that affected the accumulation of SOC. Vegetation restoration due to land-use change could alter both soil texture and the C/N ratio and could have positive effects on ecosystem recovery.
Functionally novel invasive predator eradicates herbivores of a littoral community
Authors: Jormalainen Veijo , Kiiskinen Essi , Hauhia Veera , Merilaita Sami
Published: September 2023

In the Archipelago Sea as in most other parts of the Baltic Sea, the bladder wrack (Fucus vesiculosus) is a foundation species of the littoral communities of the rocky shores. It sustains a community of epiphytic algae, herbivorous crustaceans and molluscs and various fish. Recently we have noticed a steep decline in the occurrence of the herbivorous crustaceans and molluscs in many sites in the Archipelago Sea. We hypothesise that a key factor contributing to this decline is the recent introduction of the Harris mud crab (Rhithropanopeus harrisii), which was first sighted in 2009 in this region. Importantly, because there are no native crabs in the northern parts of the Baltic Sea, the mud crab is a completely novel kind of predator in the ecosystem and the herbivorous crustaceans and molluscs may be particularly susceptible to it. Here, we document a dramatic decline of the typical herbivores occurring on the bladder wrack, possibly indicating an ongoing regime shift, by comparing our recent samples from across the Archipelago Sea with data collected a decade before the sighting of the mud crab. Moreover, we demonstrate a spatio-temporal association between the decline, particularly of the key herbivore species, the isopod Idotea balthica, and the establishment of the mud crab. We also present experimental evidence for a strong predator-prey -link between the mud crab and the isopod I. balthica. Finally, we discuss the possible consequences of the community change and scrutinise alternative explanations for our observations.
Distribution in the estuary and salinity tolerance of armored catfish (Loricariidae) in Central Vietnam
Authors: Pavlov Efim D. , Dien Tran Duc , Ganzha Ekaterina V.
Published: September 2023

In the last decade, invasive suckermouth armored catfish Pterygoplichthys spp. spread among many river systems of Vietnam. Extended distribution of armored catfish might be associated with using brackish water in estuaries for fish spread from one river system to another. The first goal of our study was to assess the occurrence of armored catfish in the estuary of the Da Rang River (Phu Yen Province, Vietnam) and their distribution depending on the horizontal salinity gradient (4–25 PSU). Fish were mainly caught by stationary bottom traps in water salinity from 4 PSU to 18 PSU. The second goal of our study was to experimentally evaluate the ability of armored catfish to move and breathe in seawater (33 PSU). Fish moved in horizontal and vertical planes after transfer into seawater during the first 15 minutes. Fish moved around less by the 13th–15th minutes in seawater. Armored catfish moved around more in seawater than in freshwater. The exposure to seawater for 6 minutes led to deterioration of fish breathing. The results of our field and experimental studies established that armored catfish are found and able to move in brackish waters but avoid high salinity water. These facts provide support for the hypothesis of armored catfish invasion through the estuaries and coastlines.
Vertical distribution of the salt marsh invader Spartina alterniflora and native halophytes on the west coast of Korea in relation to tidal regimes
Authors: Kim Sungtae , Yu Cheol , Ruesink Jennifer , Hong Jae-Sang
Published: September 2023

Smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora Loisel.), an aggressive non-native species worldwide, colonized tidal flats on the west coast of Korea in two regions differing in tidal amplitude between 1990–2004. By the time of our study in 2015, expansion had occurred both clonally and through formation of new patches, providing an opportunity to determine intertidal range, which is a key component of understanding the threat posed by S. alterniflora through competition with native halophytes or transformation of unstructured mudflat. At Ganghwa (5.69 m tidal range), S. alterniflora ranged from 3.52 to 1.34 m above Mean Sea Level (MSL). At Jindo (2.02 m tidal range), S. alterniflora ranged from 1.57 to -0.18 m relative to MSL. Thus, a wider absolute intertidal range was occupied by S. alterniflora at the megatidal vs mesotidal region, but the lower limit of S. alterniflora did not extend below MSL under megatidal conditions, a pattern that now appears to emerge consistently in both the native and introduced range. In both study regions, S. alterniflora occurred at the same elevations as other salt marsh plants, occupying an upper zone with Phragmites australis (non-native) and middle zone with several native species including Suaeda japonica. S. alterniflora occurred below native marsh vegetation at all sites, which would result in transformation of the extensive mudflats along the Korean coast.
Population structure and density of a new invasive species Rangia cuneata in the Szczecin Lagoon (Odra/Oder estuary, Poland)
Authors: Czerniejewski Przemysław , Dąbrowski Jarosław , Brysiewicz Adam , Formicki Krzysztof
Published: September 2023

The native North American bivalve species Rangia cuneata was unintentionally introduced into European waters during the first decade of the 21st century. In the Baltic Sea, it is mostly found along the southeastern coast, but in 2018 researchers also discovered the species in the Bay of Pomerania, which indicated that it could eventually inhabit the adjacent Szczecin Lagoon and Odra River. In 2021, the species was discovered for the first time in the Szczecin Lagoon during a sampling campaign, at 5 out of the 12 dispersed study sites with diverse bottom substrates.

The goal of this study was to ascertain R. cuneata population density, morphometric parameters, individual growth, and the potential for further expansion in the southern Baltic Sea waters. For the study, 201 individuals of this species were collected. Compared to other sites in the southeast Baltic, the Szczecin Lagoon had a much lower average R. cuneata population density, at 13.2 ± 7.11 individuals m-2 of the bottom area. The highest population density was found at sites with more silt (4–63 µm) and less sand (>63 µm). R. cuneata shells had an average length of 30.9 ± 4.6 mm and an average weight of 6.6 ± 2.8 g. The collected specimens were greater in size than other populations of the species in the Baltic Sea and were comparable in size to populations from the nearby Bay of Pomerania. There were no specimens that were under 10 mm in length, and the population was dominated by specimens in the 25–30 mm and 30–35 mm ranges, as well as the 3+ and 4+ age groups. Given the R. cuneata’s invasive potential and its fast rate of colonization of new areas, it would be prudent to monitor this population and the species migration patterns across the estuary waters of the western Baltic.
The use of plastinated specimens for hybrid education of Veterinary Anatomy
Authors: EKİM Okan , BAKICI Caner , BATUR Barış , TUNALI Selçuk
Published: September 2023

With the official announcement of the new type of coronavirus-induced COVID-19 outbreak as a global pandemic, an extraordinary situation that no one has ever encountered has started. Just as life was about to return to normal in Türkiye, two devastating earthquakes, centered in Kahramanmaraş, affected ten different cities. Many global and national developments in various fields, which are expected to happen in the distant future, were completed within 3 years. One of these fields was undoubtedly education. Hybrid learning is seen as a trending educational approach combining face-to-face and online learning. Plastinated specimens come to the forefront for hybrid education with various advantageous features. They are not only non-toxic, dry, odorless materials, but also can simulate the natural anatomic appearance in detailed manner. With the help of new-generation acrylic paints and dyes which can penetrate into tissues, plastinates offer a unique natural look rather impressive than any other techniques. Due to the features mentioned above, plastinates are also convenient materials for handling, transportation or storage. These issues will be discussed in our article in terms of compatibility with hybrid learning. The aim of this article is to give ideas and make suggestions about how plastinates, which have been used efficiently in anatomy practices and professional training, can be used in hybrid veterinary anatomy education.
POLA MAKAN DAN STATUS GIZI REMAJA DI DESA ADAT BUNGAYA KABUPATEN KARANGASEM
Authors: Genarsih Ni Kadek Dwi Laras , Mataram I Komang Agusjaya , Kencana I Ketut
Published: September 2023

Nutrition is one of the most important factors and major development determinants of teenager growth, as in adolescence, the hormonal changes that cause the rapid growth of other phases in life except the first year of life. This research aimed to investigate the dietary habit and teenager's nutritional status at Bungaya Traditional Village, Karangasem Regency. This research method used cross sectional method. The samples of research were 41 teenager with an age range of 13-18 years old who are living at Dusun Beji in Bungaya Village, Karangasem Regency. Dietary habbit was umeasured by the Food Recall 1x24 hours and nutritional status of BMI. Data analysis describe according to the purpose. The results showed as much of 41 total samples of 34 samples (82.9%) had dietary habit in the good diet pattern categories with a tendency to have a normal nutritional status were 20 people (58.8%) of the total sample with a good diet habbt. Obeses was 7 samples (20.6%), overweight was 6 samples (17.6%) and thinness was 1 sample (2.9%). While the sample with enough dietary habbit as many as 7 people consisted of 5 samples (71.4%) with normlal nutritional status and 2 samples (28.6% ) of the total sampelts with enough dietary habbit included in thinness. Food frequency, type and amount of food will affect food intake which will have an impact on nutritional status. Then there needs to be improvements in food consumption both in quantity and quality and variety of food menus. Meal frequency, type and amount of food would affect food intake that have an impact on nutritional status. So it needed for improvements in dietary habit both in quantity and quality and variety of the food menu.Keywords             : Dietary habbit, Nutritional status, Teenagers
STUDI LITERATUR HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DIET DIABETES DAN KEPATUHAN DIET PENDERITA DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2
Authors: Dewi Ni Wayan Sri Santika , Kusumayanti Gusti Ayu Dewi , Juniarsana I Wayan
Published: September 2023

Non-Communicable Diseases (PTM) is still a regional and national health problem. One of the PTM that has the highest number is Diabetes Militus. Nutritional status and blood glucose levels are closely related to diabetes mellitus. The purpose of the literature review is to find out the nutritional status and blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes mellitus in Wangaya District Hospital, Denpasar. The literature review design is a case study that illustrates the nutritional status and blood glucose levels of patients with diabetes mellitus. Subjects in the study were 2 patients. The nutritional status of diabetes mellitus patients is related to the blood glucose levels of diabetes mellitus patients where the higher the nutritional status, the higher or worse the blood glucose level.Keywords: diabetes mellitus, nutritional status, blood glucose levels.
PENGARUH SUBSTITUSI PUREE DAUN KELOR (MORINGA OLEIFERA) PADA TEPUNG TERIGU TERHADAP DAYA TERIMA CILOK
Authors: Audina Sheylla Tara , Tamam Badrut , Puryana I Gusti Putu Sudita
Published: September 2023

Cilok, a typical food from Bandung, West Java, generally uses wheat flour and tapioca flour. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of substitution of Moringa leaf puree (Moringa Oleifera) in wheat flour on the acceptability of cilok, this type of experimental research used a randomized block design (RAK) with 5 treatments, namely P1 (Moringa leaf puree substitution 2.5%), P2 ( Moringa leaf puree substitution 5%), P3 (moringa leaf puree substitution 7.5%), P4 (10% Moringa leaf puree substitution), P5 (12.5% Moringa puree substitution). Data were analyzed using ANOVA test followed by BNT test. The results of the subjective analysis of Moringa leaf cilok covering texture, color, aroma, taste, acceptability, texture quality, color quality, aroma quality, and taste quality were significant. The results of the objective analysis were the levels of iron (Fe) and antioxidant capacity. The result of the best iron (Fe) content of Moringa leaf cilok was 8.511 mg/100 g. To meet the daily needs of iron (Fe) for women, 10 cilok leaves contain iron (Fe) 17,022 mg and 5 grains of cilok moringa leaves for men contain 8,511 mg/100 g of iron. The result of the best antioxidant capacity in Moringa leaf cilok is 8.44 mg/L GAEACKeywords: Cilok, Moringa Leaf Puree, Wheat Flour
PERBEDAAN PENGETAHUAN DAN KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH PUASA SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH EDUKASI GIZI PADA PASIEN DM TIPE II DI RSU WISMA PRASHANTI TABANAN
Authors: Sukiasih Ni Wayan , Tamam Badrut , Juniarsana I wayan
Published: September 2023

Nutrition education is a form of nutritional intervention that aims to increase knowledge that can change behavior and compliance in undergoing a Diabetes Mellitus diet. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of nutrition education on the level of knowledge and fasting blood glucose levels in type II DM patients at RSU Wisma Prashanti Tabanan. The type of research is pre-experimental with one group pretest and posttest design. Respondents in this study were 47 people with type II DM with purposive sampling technique. Nutrition education is to provide knowledge about good and correct eating patterns including dietary principles, dietary goals, dietary requirements, recommended and not recommended foods for ten minutes using leaflet media. Data analysis using Wilxocon test. The results  was: The nutritional knowledge of DM patients in the outpatient polyclinic of RSU Wisma Prashanti Tabanan General, the average score of 74.60 before being given nutrition education increased to 86.70 after being given nutritional education. The fasting blood glucose of DM patients in the outpatient clinic of RSU Wisma Prashanti Tabanan before being given nutrition education was 166.98 mg/dl decreased to 146.38 mg/dl after being given nutrition education. There was a difference in knowledge before and after nutrition education for DM patients at the poly Outpatient RSU Wisma Prashanti Tabanan  obtained p value = 0.000 (p (0.05). There is a difference in blood glucose levels before and after nutrition education in DM patients  RSU Wisma Prashanti Tabanan obtained p value = 0.009 ( p (0.05)Keywords: Blood Sugar Levels, Knowledge and Nutrition Education, Diabetes Mellitus
CUSTOMER SATISFACTION INDEX (CSI) PASIEN ASING TERHADAP PENYAJIAN MAKANAN DI RUMAH SAKIT KHUSUS BEDAH BIMC KUTA KABUPATEN BADUNG
Authors: Agustira Ni Kadek Putri , Antarini Anak Agung Nanak , Dewantari Ni Made
Published: September 2023

The Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) is an index to determine the level of overall customer satisfaction with an approach that considers the importance of the product or service attributes being measured. One of the factors that determine customer satisfaction is the consumers perception of service quality which focuses on five service dimensions, are Responsiveness, Reliability, Empathy, Tangible and Assurance. The type of research that will be carried out is an observational research type with a cross sectional research design and descriptive analysis. The population of this study were all foreign patients who were hospitalized at the BIMC Kuta Special Surgery Hospital, Badung Regency, and the sample from this study was part of the population who had the following criteria, patients who were treated for at least 1 day and received regular food, man and women over the age of 18 years, are willing to be research subjects by filling out the informed consent and the patient is conscious and able to communicate. Based on the 26 samples studied, overall the patients stated that they were good with the presentation of food provided by the hospital, namely with an index of 3,412 where if this value was percentage it was already above the standard hospital satisfaction value of 85%. This is in accordance with the results of the feed back form given from the hospital to patients where in May 2021 it showed a good satisfaction value with food presentation, which was 85%.   Keywords : Customer Satisfaction Index, food presentation
Hubungan Status Asi Eksklusif Dan Pola Pemberian Mp-Asi Dengan Status Gizi Baduta
Authors: Ningsih Kadek Meita Cahya , Mataram I Komang Agusjaya , Widarti I Gusti Agung Ari
Published: September 2023

Status gizi merupakan kondisi tubuh setelah mengonsumsi makanan dan kebutuhan serta penggunaan zat gizi dalam tubuh sebagai sumber energi, pertumbuhan, pengatur, dan pemeliharaan jaringan tubuh. Status gizi dapat dipengaruhi oleh dua faktor, yaitu faktor langsung seperti asupan makanan dan penyakit infeksi dan tidak langsung seperti tingkat pendidikan, status sosial, tingkat pengetahuan, dan pendapatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan status ASI Eksklusif dan pola pemberian MP-ASI dengan status gizi pada anak baduta di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Busungbiu I. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan Cross Sectional yang dilakukan pada Bulan Desember tahun 2021. Populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 303 anak umur 12-23 bulan dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 115 anak. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan sebanyak 39 anak (33,9) mendapat ASI Eksklusif, sebanyak 66 anak (57,4) dengan pola pemberian MP-ASI sesuai dengan standar, dan sebanyak 61 anak (53) memiliki status gizi baik. Hasil uji Spearman menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara status ASI Eksklusif dengan status gizi (rs=0,933p=0,0130,05) dan pola pemberian MP-ASI dengan status gizi anak baduta (rs=0,881p=0,0270,05).Kata Kunci: ASI Eksklusif, MP-ASI, Status GiziStatus gizi merupakan kondisi tubuh setelah mengonsumsi makanan dan kebutuhan serta penggunaan zat gizi dalam tubuh sebagai sumber energi, pertumbuhan, pengatur, dan pemeliharaan jaringan tubuh. Status gizi dapat dipengaruhi oleh dua faktor, yaitu faktor langsung seperti asupan makanan dan penyakit infeksi dan tidak langsung seperti tingkat pendidikan, status sosial, tingkat pengetahuan, dan pendapatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan status ASI Eksklusif dan pola pemberian MP-ASI dengan status gizi pada anak baduta di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Busungbiu I. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan Cross Sectional yang dilakukan pada Bulan Desember tahun 2021. Populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 303 anak umur 12-23 bulan dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 115 anak. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan sebanyak 39 anak (33,9) mendapat ASI Eksklusif, sebanyak 66 anak (57,4) dengan pola pemberian MP-ASI sesuai dengan standar, dan sebanyak 61 anak (53) memiliki status gizi baik. Hasil uji Spearman menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara status ASI Eksklusif dengan status gizi (rs=0,933p=0,0130,05) dan pola pemberian MP-ASI dengan status gizi anak baduta (rs=0,881p=0,0270,05).
«Marpha and Maria» for eight cellos by Oleksandr Shchetynsky: integration/disintegration as a principle of timbre organization
Authors: Yurko Khrystyna
Published: September 2023

Statement of the problem. Compositional practice of XX – beginning of XXI centuries is marked by radical reconsideration of timbre. In many cases it becomes a factor creating the very sense and compositional organization of the work. Timbre being reconsidered and recognized as a main factor of music expression in the first half of XX century became just a beginning of “delving” into timbre, a process that in the second half of the century started to occur in the domain of electroacoustic music as well. The research of timbre is developed in the same multifaceted manner, on the basis of completely different works, with different goals, with inclusion of the achievements of different branches of humanitarian studies (results of studying of semantics of timbre), as well as science and computer technologies (research of specifics of timbre in electroacoustic music). The topic of this article is inspired by the growing relevancy of the research of timbre as a leading parameter of music of XX–XXI centuries in Ukrainian and foreign scholarly works. The relevancy of the chosen theme is also caused by the interest in the creativity of modern Ukrainian composers, including O. Shchetynsky. Recent research and publications. Theoretical basis of the article consists of Ukrainian and foreign sources devoted to timbre: articles and thesis of Yu. Ishchenko (2012a; 2012b), O. Zharkov (2002; 2017; 2020) O. Voytenko (2012), S. Korobetska (2003), H. Kosenko (2018), R. Kashyrtsev (2022), P. Boulez (1999), D. Smalley (1994). Also, this basis is broadened by the research of the creativity by O. Shchetynsky: by P. Rud (2021) and H. Savchenko (2021; 2023). The objectives of the studу. The aim of the article is to research specifics of timbre organization in the work “Marpha and Maria” for the ensemble of eight cellos on the basis of juxtaposition of articulation (disintegration) and joining (integration). The scientific novelty of the results of the article is caused by the fact that the work “Marpha and Maria” has not been analysed before, including the peculiarities of timbre organization. Results and conclusion. One of the main principles of timbre organization in orchestral and ensemble music is interaction of articulation (disintegration) and joining (integration). In the work “Marpha and Maria” these principles, firstly, create logically-constructive basis of timbre organization; secondly, they acquire symbolical meaning (juxtaposition of calmness and rush, constant and changing), which helps to incarnate the programmatic idea. These principles act simultaneously and consecutively, in the vertical dimension of the texture (between the lines and layers) and in the horizontal dimension of the composition (between the segments). Realization of timbre integration (joining) and disintegration (differentiation) is aided by the following: texture, type of themes, register, dynamics, agogics, ways of producing the sound.
Inovação nas operações de polícia de choque: um estudo sobre a utilização de veículos vans para emprego em ações operacionais de controle de multidões na PMPR
Authors: Siloto Paulo Renato Aparecido , Pereira Leandro
Published: September 2023

Atualmente observamos a evolução de técnicas e procedimentos nas mais diversar áreas numa velocidade tão grande que as insttuições, sejam elas privadas ou públicas, que não estiverem aptas a se reinventar e acompanhar essas mudanças estarão fadadas à se tornarem inecifientes com o tempo até a falência total da organização. Diante disso, alinhado ao rápido crescimento dos grandes centros urbanos procuramos nesse artigo apresentar alternativa para que uma força de segurança especializada de Tropas de Choque consigam manter sua eficiência frente às dificuldades das grandes cidades  Esse trabalho não se conclui nele mesmo, mas apresenta sugestão de inovação na utilização de veículos de transporte, aliado a tática e técnicas a serem empregadas por tropas especializadas de controle de multidões da Polícia Militar do Paraná, que, linhada em sua missão institucional de garantia e restabelecimento da ordem pública vêm ao encontro com a necessidade de constante estudo e desenvolvimento de técnicas para que a atuação das Tropas de Choque sejam cada vez mais eficientes, acompanhem as exigências e superem as dificuldades dos grandes conglomerados urbanos garantindo assim a paz social para toda a coletividade.