bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The cave crickets of the genus Dolichopoda from Evvia and Skyros islands: formal description of D. octhoniai and D. saraolacosi (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae)
Authors: Alexiou Sotiris , Di Russo Claudio , Rampini Mauro
Published: January 2016

Two species, D. octhoniai from Evvia and D. saraolacosi from Skyros island (Greece) are morphologically described. These two species were collected for the first time at the end of the ‘70s but they were recorded only as nomina nuda without any formal taxonomic description. D. octhoniai is very similar to the other Evvian species D. makrikapa and to D. vandeli and D. petrochilosi from Viotia and Attiki respectively, differing from them only by a few morphological characters. On the other hand D. saraolacosi is very different from all the other species of Central Greece and West Aegean showing some affinity only with the Attiki species D. insignis and with the South Evvian species D. cassagnaui. Relationships among the species inhabiting caves of this area of Greece are discussed in relation to the complex geological history of the West Aegean area and the adjacent mainland.
Analysis of sparse data in logistic regression in medical research
Authors: Devika S , Jeyaseelan L , Sebastian G
Published: January 2016

Background and Objective:

In the analysis of dichotomous type response variable, logistic regression is usually used. However, the performance of logistic regression in the presence of sparse data is questionable. In such a situation, a common problem is the presence of high odds ratios (ORs) with very wide 95% confidence interval (CI) (OR: >999.999, 95% CI: <0.001, >999.999). In this paper, we addressed this issue by using penalized logistic regression (PLR) method.

Materials and Methods:

Data from case-control study on hyponatremia and hiccups conducted in Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India was used. The outcome variable was the presence/absence of hiccups and the main exposure variable was the status of hyponatremia. Simulation dataset was created with different sample sizes and with a different number of covariates.

Results:

A total of 23 cases and 50 controls were used for the analysis of ordinary and PLR methods. The main exposure variable hyponatremia was present in nine (39.13%) of the cases and in four (8.0%) of the controls. Of the 23 hiccup cases, all were males and among the controls, 46 (92.0%) were males. Thus, the complete separation between gender and the disease group led into an infinite OR with 95% CI (OR: >999.999, 95% CI: <0.001, >999.999) whereas there was a finite and consistent regression coefficient for gender (OR: 5.35; 95% CI: 0.42, 816.48) using PLR. After adjusting for all the confounding variables, hyponatremia entailed 7.9 (95% CI: 2.06, 38.86) times higher risk for the development of hiccups as was found using PLR whereas there was an overestimation of risk OR: 10.76 (95% CI: 2.17, 53.41) using the conventional method. Simulation experiment shows that the estimated coverage probability of this method is near the nominal level of 95% even for small sample sizes and for a large number of covariates.

Conclusions:

PLR is almost equal to the ordinary logistic regression when the sample size is large and is superior in small cell values.
Impact factor of medical education journals and recently developed indices
Authors: Azer SA , Holen A , Wilson I , Skokauskas N
Published: January 2016

Journal Impact Factor (JIF) has been used in assessing scientific journals. Other indices, h- and g-indices and Article Influence Score (AIS), have been developed to overcome some limitations of JIF. The aims of this study were, first, to critically assess the use of JIF and other parameters related to medical education research, and second, to discuss the capacity of these indices in assessing research productivity as well as their utility in academic promotion. The JIF of 16 medical education journals from 2000 to 2011 was examined together with the research evidence about JIF in assessing research outcomes of medical educators. The findings were discussed in light of the nonnumerical criteria often used in academic promotion. In conclusion, JIF was not designed for assessing individual or group research performance, and it seems unsuitable for such purposes. Although the g- and h-indices have demonstrated promising outcomes, further developments are needed for their use as academic promotion criteria. For top academic positions, additional criteria could include leadership, evidence of international impact, and contributions to the advancement of knowledge with regard to medical education.
Complications of chemoport in children with cancer: Experience of 54,100 catheter days from a tertiary cancer center of Southern India
Authors: Aparna S. , Ramesh S. , Appaji L. , Srivatsa Kavitha , Shankar Gowri , Jadhav Vinay , Babu Narendra
Published: January 2016

Background: Chemoport is an essential part of the management of children with cancer and provides long-term venous access. There are few studies from resource poor countries reporting complications of chemoport. Aims: This study was aimed at describing the complications of chemoport in patients with cancer. Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study analyzed 200 patients <15 years of age who underwent chemoport insertion. The medical records of these patients were reviewed for the patient characteristics, diagnosis, nature of port use, port-related complications and their management. Results: A total of 209 ports were implanted in 200 patients and 24 ports were removed due to port-related complications. There were 122 boys and 78 girls whose ages ranged from 4 months to 13 years (median age 2.5 years). About72% of patients were <2 years old. The cumulative duration of catheterization was 54,100 days. Of 209 ports, there were 36 complications that led to the removal of 21 ports. Port-related infection was the most common infection observed in our study (0.66/1000 catheter days and 11.9%). Mechanical complications were seen in 9 patients. Venous thrombosis and skin necrosis occurred in one patient each. Conclusions: Use of chemoport is safe and is a boon for children with cancer in developing countries with incidence of complications similar to Western countries. Although use of chemoport is associated with complications, they are easily managed. With stringent catheter care by trained personnel, some complications can be prevented.
Transitions Into and Out of Census Disability
Authors: Krueger Kurt V. , Skoog Gary R.
Published: January 2016

This paper examines disability as measured and reported in three Census surveys: the American Community Survey (ACS), the Current Population Survey (CPS), and the Survey on Income Program Participation (SIPP). We focus on whether person-specific disability, as measured by the Census, is a permanent or a transitory condition. Survey data results regarding the incidence of Census-measured disability are shown both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. It is found from longitudinal CPS and SIPP responses that Census-measured disability is largely transitory. That finding empirically confirms the longstanding theoretical objections to the use of Census cross-section disability data along with a permanent disability assumption in worklife expectancy models; hence, any worklife expectancy model which assumes that Census disability measures are permanent conditions is misspecified and empirically invalid. Instead of using the permanent disability assumption, we use actual longitudinal disability transition probabilities and life table analysis to quantify the lifetime duration of disability as measured by the Census in total life years and working life years. We show that the realistic feature of disability transition dramatically lowers the effect of disability on worklife expectancy.
EDUCAÇÃO INTERCULTURAL, EPISTEMOLOGIAS E PROJETOS EDUCATIVOS
Authors: Valença Vera Lúcia Chacon , Simiano Luciane Pandini , Menger Amanda Da Silva
Published: January 2016

Este artigo, realizado a partir de uma revisão teórica, tem por propósito apresentar algumas contribuições que podem auxiliar na elaboração de projetos educativos na perspectiva da educação intercultural. Objetiva-se o favorecimento da integração dialética de pessoas que apresentam diferenças e que pertencem a contextos socioeconômicos diversos. Nessa perspectiva são valorizadas a circulação de saberes e as epistemologias “hibridizadas”, assim como o enfrentamento político para modificar algumas relações de poder, visando a promover a “emancipação” infantil. Esta, apoiada numa postura consciente-crítica-ética, culminaria com uma re-novação nas relações, com base nos diálogos e nas novas formas de participação e expressão do ser, viver, saber da infância, que devem estar presentes nos projetos educativos.
TRAMAS DE ARTESÃS - QUE PENSAM ESSAS MÃOS?
Authors: Salgado Mara , Vaz Alexandre Fernandez
Published: January 2016

Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir acerca do processo de educação de mulheres, tomando o corpo da artesã como categoria central circunscrita às relações com a natureza e entre o pensamento e o trabalho das mãos. Os aspectos conceituais da pesquisa apoiam-se em contribuições de Theodor Adorno, Max Horkheimer, Herbert Marcuse e Sigmund Freud. Como modelo exemplar da dimensão formativa do corpo da mulher no contexto do trabalho manual, retoma-se dados empíricos produzidos em pesquisa realizada sobre o ofício artesanal. A ligação entre corpo e pensamento distraídos da vida, que resulta no processo de reificação, atualiza a relação de amor-ódio pelo primeiro, quando a naturalização do tempo de trabalho contém a promessa de uma nova função da mulher na esfera doméstica.
Exploring Relationships between Adult Attachment, Spirituality and Personality Disorder Traits among Individuals in In-patient Treatment for Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Horton Gail , Luna Nealys , Malloy Tammy
Published: January 2016

Both secure attachment style and higher levels of spirituality have been shown to be protective factors in the treatment of substance use disorders. However, very little is known about how either of these factors is related to personality disorder (PD) traits that are commonly co-morbid with substance use disorders. The purpose of this study was to explore the relative importance of spirituality (existential purpose/meaning in life and religious well-being) and attachment dimensions (attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety) as predictors of personality disorder trait levels among individuals receiving treatment for substance use disorders. Results showed that existential purpose and meaning in life was the best predictor of clinical/subclinical levels of borderline and antisocial PD traits and that attachment anxiety was the best predictor of clinical/subclinical levels of avoidant and dependent PD traits. None of the other PD traits was significantly associated with either attachment dimensions or spirituality dimensions.
The evolution of striped coat patterns in African mammals-what function do the stripes have?
Authors: Vaduva Gabriela
Published: January 2016

Several families of mammals have stripes and many hypotheses have been proposed to explain the evolution of the striped coat patterns. However, there is very limited experimental evidence to support which hypotheses are the most likely to explain the evolution of the striped patterns. Therefore, what adaptive function the stripes serve in all these species is still largely unknown. In this study I investigated the characteristics of stripes such as stripe width for both white and black stripes on 36 striped African mammals’ coats collected in four museums and three countries. My study further revealed that the appearance of stripes on mammalian coats is most likely not involved in sexual selection. There were close similarities in stripes number or stripes width between sexes for Equus grevyi and Tragelaphus imberbis. In order to evaluate the effects of stripes on tabanids attractiveness, two experiments designed to test tabanids attraction were performed. Data on tabanids daily activity revealed that the flies were more active on partly cloudy and sunny weather. Especially, Haematopota pluvialis is known to have a high flight intensity in cloudy weather before an anticipated rain. Using sticky panels and models, tabanids were more attracted to sunny sides in the both experiments. Moreover, the findings revealed that the stripes in all striped patterns were extremely important in stimulating tabanid flies’ repellency. My results suggest that the appearance of stripes on different mammalian coats could be an evolutionary force reducing the attraction of tabanids to many striped animals, consequently, reducing disease transmission risk.
Nafamostat Mesilate as a Regional Anticoagulant in Patients with Bleeding Complications during Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Park Jin-Han , Her Charles , Min Ho-Ki , Kim Dong-Kie , Park Si-Hyung , Jang Hang-Jea
Published: January 2016

Purpose

Anticoagulation is mandatory for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), but systemic heparinization, which has been most widely used as an anticoagulant, has been associated with bleeding complications. The present study reviewed the usefulness and safety of nafamostat mesilate as a regional anticoagulant in patients with bleeding complication during ECMO.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the record of 13 cases. The nafamostat mesilate dose was regulated to maintain the activated clotting time (ACT) or activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) values within an adequate range at the ECMO reinfusion route. ACT or aPTT values in blood samples from the ECMO circuit and from the patients were measured simultaneously and consecutively.

Results

We measured the ACT value in 6 cases and aPTT in 7 cases. The bleeding complications were treated in 11 cases. When we compared the difference in 2 anticoagulation values (ACT and aPTT) between the 2 blood samples, one taken from ECMO and the other from patients, mean anticoagulation values of blood from patients were lower than those from ECMO circuit in 11 cases. With respect to the type of ECMO reinfusion mode, the difference was significant only in veno-arterial mode ECMO group (p<0.001).

Conclusions

Nafamostat mesilate, with which we can reduce anticoagulation values of patient to a safe level without losing the ECMO anticoagulation values is expected to be useful as a regional anticoagulant in patients with bleeding complications or a high risk of bleeding during ECMO.
CHIRONOMIDS OF THE ARAL SEA
Authors: Nazarova Larisa
Published: January 2016

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AN INDEX TO SELECTED SCIENTIFIC NAMES IN EDWARDS' (1929) MONOGRAPH ON BRITISH CHIRONOMIDAE
Authors: Spies Martin --
Published: January 2016

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Whole issue
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Published: January 2016

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Chironomidae (Insecta, Diptera) from Alto Paranapanema Basin, southeastern Brazil
Authors: Sonoda Kathia , Malaquias Juaci , Vettorazzi Carlos
Published: January 2016

We investigated the community of Chironomidae from three rivers belonging to the same river basin in Southern Brazil. Our objective was to analyze if the Chironomidae communities from rivers of the same basin were similar and relate this to land-use and water quality variables. Samples of insects were taken using artificial substrate baskets and left 44 days in the field for colonization during the dry season in 2002. Study reaches with the relevant land-use category present for at least 500 m along both river banks above and alongside the study reach were selected and land-use, terrain slope of the river basin and chemical and physical variables of the water were analysed. Faunal data were analyzed by number of individuals, richness of genera and community indices. Statistical analyses were performed in order to investigate the relationship between abiotic variables and the Chironomidae communities. Twenty-two genera were identified; Rheotanytarsus (Thienemann & Bause) was the most abundant in all assemblages. Some genera showed preferences in their distribution, and were observed in only one of the rivers. Land-use and slope of the terrain were similar for all rivers, while the water quality variables were different for the Taquari River compared to the two other sites. This may explain the differences in the Chironomidae community observed for this locality
An easy to make and simple designed rearing apparatus for Chironomidae
Authors: Namayandeh Armin
Published: January 2016

In this paper we describe an inexpensive and rapid method of constructing an apparatus so that all three stages of individual specimen can be obtained, and that maintains sufficient oxygen during the rearing process.
Hibernal Emergence of Chironomidae in Ukraine
Authors: Baranov Viktor , Ferrington Jr. Leonard C.
Published: January 2016

Twenty-seven species of Chironomidae were detected emerging in the Crimea during the period from December 2010 to March 2013. Twenty-three are Orthocladiinae and 4 are Chironominae (one Chironomini and three Tanytarsini species). Nine species are recorded for the first time in Crimea. At the genus-level the hibernal emergence in Crimea shows resemblance to the patterns reported for streams in Kansas.
Comments on some species in Chironomini
Authors: Vallenduuk Henk
Published: January 2016

Re-identification of some Chironomus species, Chironomus macani and C. dorsalis. Comments on information in Moller Pillot, 2009. A short discussion on the value of single reared larvae, cytology and DNA.
Factors affecting decomposition rates of chironomid (Diptera) pupal exuviae
Authors: Kavanaugh Rathi G. , Egan Alexander T. , Ferrington, Jr. Leonard C.
Published: January 2016

Collections of floating chironomid pupal exuviae are used to monitor water quality and assess ecological conditions. Factors controlling exuviae sinking rates are not well known, although they should have an effect on conclusions that can be drawn from collections. The current study was conducted to determine the rate of sinking under controlled laboratory conditions using water from three streams with different nutrient levels. Sinking rates ranged from less than a day to seven days, depending on microbial activity, nutrient concentrations, temperature and turbulence. Results also varied by genus, with pupal exuviae of Chironomus riparius, Diamesa nivoriunda, Orthocladius (Euorthocladius) thienemanni and Eukiefferiella sp. used in experiments. Four species of bacteria and eight genera of fungi colonized and metabolized exuviae, with bacteria dominant early and fungi dominant later in the decomposition process. Decomposition was faster in lightly chitinized abdominal conjunctive areas, which resulted in exuviae breaking apart and sinking. Examination of untreated, dewaxed and dewaxed-deproteinized exuviae indicated that untreated exuviae sank faster. Waxes appeared important for colonization and initial microbial metabolization was delayed when waxes were removed. Results confirm the importance of biological degradation of exuviae in determining floatation times. We predict that streams and other waterbodies with high dissolved nutrients will result in rapidly sinking exuviae, while exuviae in low nutrient waterbodies will float longer.Article submitted 1. October 2014, accepted 18. November 2014, published 22. December 2014.
Lurking and L2 Learners on a Facebook Group: The Voices of the Invisibles
Authors: Shafie Latisha Asmaak , Yaacob Aizan , Singh Paramjit Kaur Karpal
Published: January 2016

This qualitative research investigates the practice of lurking among English as a second language (ESL) learners in a Facebook group discussion. Lurking is a term used to describe the activity of following and observing any online discussions or activities without contributing to the discussions. Lurkers are often accused of being invisible and passive participants. Facebook groups with international members usually uses English as the medium of communication in their group discussions. It is a norm for L2 learners to lurk in the group. These L2 learners often do not have the required English language proficiency and the confidence to participate actively in the group they join. This study explores lurking behaviours of three participants in learning English in informal Facebook contexts. This study uses a qualitative case study. The study involved three L2 learners who were university students and members of a Facebook group. The study involved online observation and semi-structured interviews with these three participants. Their Facebook accounts and a common Facebook group were observed for 14 weeks, and after the online observation, the participants were interviewed. Data collected from online observation and semi-structured interviewed were analysed and managed using Atlas.ti 7. The study reveals five emerging themes such as that lurkers have poor online communication skills, lack of confidence, learning by lurking, lack of a sense of belonging and lurking is the norm of Facebook groups.
The Relationship Between Organizational Culture and Organizational Commitment in Zahedan University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Azizollah Arbabisarjou , Abolghasem Farhang , Mohammad Amin Dadgar
Published: January 2016

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Organizations effort is to achieve a common goal. There are many constructs needed for organizations. Organizational culture and organizational commitment are special concepts in management. The objective of the current research is to study the relationship between organizational culture and organizational commitment among the personnel of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. 

MATERIALS & METHODS: This is a descriptive- correlational study. The statistical population was whole tenured staff of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences that worked for this organization in 2012-2013. Random sampling method was used and 165 samples were chosen. Two standardized questionnaires of the organizational culture (Schein, 1984) and organizational commitment (Meyer & Allen, 2002) were applied. The face and construct validity of the questionnaires were approved by the lecturers of Management and experts. Reliability of questionnaires of the organizational culture and organizational commitment were 0.89 and 0.88 respectively, by Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient. All statistical calculations performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The level of significance was set at P<0.05.

FINDINGS: The findings of the study showed that there was a significant relationship between organizational culture and organizational commitment (P value=0.027). Also, the results showed that there was a significant relation between organizational culture and affective commitment (P-value=0.009), organizational culture and continuance commitment (P-value=0.009), and organizational culture and normative commitment (P-value=0.009).
Challenges of Transcultural Caring Among Health Workers in Mashhad-Iran: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Amiri Rana , Heidari Abbas , Dehghan-Nayeri Nahid , Vedadhir Abou Ali , Kareshki Hosein
Published: January 2016

BACKGROUND: One of the consequences of migration is cultural diversity in various communities. This has created challenges for healthcare systems.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to explore the health care staffs’ experience of caring for Immigrants in Mashhad- Iran.

SETTING: This study is done in Tollab area (wherein most immigrants live) of Mashhad. Clinics and hospitals that immigrants had more referral were selected.

PARTICIPANTS: Data were collected through in-depth interviews with medical and nursing staffs. 15 participants (7 Doctors and 8 Nurses) who worked in the more referred immigrants’ clinics and hospitals were entered to the study.

DESIGN: This is a qualitative study with content analysis approach. Sampling method was purposive. The accuracy and consistency of data were confirmed. Interviews were conducted until no new data were emerged. Data were analyzed by using latent qualitative content analysis.

RESULTS: The data analysis consisted of four main categories; (1) communication barrier, (2) irregular follow- up, (3) lack of trust, (4) cultural- personal trait.

CONCLUSION: Result revealed that health workers are confronting with some trans- cultural issues in caring of immigrants. Some of these issues are related to immigration status and some related to cultural difference between health workers and immigrants. These issues indicate that there is transcultural care challenges in care of immigrants among health workers. Due to the fact that Iran is the context of various cultures, it is necessary to consider the transcultural care in medical staffs. The study indicates that training and development in the area of cultural competence is necessary.
Association between Asymptomatic Bacteriuria and Pre-Eclampsia
Authors: Rezavand Negin , Veisi Firooze , Zangane Mrayam , Amini Roghaye , Almasi Afshin
Published: January 2016

Asymptomatic bacteriuria is one of the most common and important bacterial infections during pregnancy and can result in progressive infections and endanger maternal as well as fetal health. In this study, we assessed the relationship between asymptomatic bacteriuria and pre-eclampsia. In this case-control study, pregnant women who presented to Imam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah in 2013-14 were studied. The minimum sample size was calculated as 125 pregnant women in each group with a total of 250 subjects. There were 125 women with pre-eclampsia and 125 women without pre-eclampsia (control group). Matching was done for age, gestational age, and parity between case and control groups. Matching was verified by a P value of 0.061 for maternal age and gestational age and 0.77 for parity. The statistical analyses were done by applying the chi-squared test and determining odds ratio (OR) for having bacteriuria in univariate logistic regression as well as multivariate regression with adjusting the effect of maternal age, gestational age, and parity. Pyuria and bacteriuria were significantly more common in pre-eclampsia group than in control group. The results showed that a significant association existed between asymptomatic bacteriuria and pre-eclampsia. The rate of asymptomatic bacteriuria was 6.8 times higher in women with pre-eclampsia compared to those without pre-eclampsia. Further studies are required for better clarification of association between asymptomatic bacteriuria and pre-eclampsia.
Clinical Efficacy and Complications of Uterine Artery Embolization in Symptomatic Uterine Fibroids
Authors: Salehi Mohammadgharib , Jalilian Nasrin , Salehi Ayoub , Ayazi Mojgan
Published: January 2016

We decided to evaluate the efficacy and complications of uterine artery embolization (UAE) in patients with symptomatic uterine fibroids. Sixty-five premenopausal patients, without considering the fibroids size and its location, were treated by bilateral UAE. At baseline and after 3, 6, and 12 months MRI was obtained to determine the uterine length and fibroid diameter. In addition, symptoms of the patients were documented at these follow-up schedules. UAE was successful in 62 (95.4%) cases. Complete infarction rate of the fibroid was 83.1%. After 12 months, the uterine length showed a decrease of 55.7% (mean of 9.4 cm) and the diameter of the dominant fibroid revealed a decrease of 52.1% (mean of 3.4 cm). Menorrhagia improved in 45 cases (91.8%), abdominal mass in 24 cases (82.28%), urinary symptoms in 17 cases (85%), pelvic pain in 21 cases (84%), and dysmenorrhea in 25 cases (80.6%). At final follow-up performed after one year, complete infarction of the fibroma was demonstrated in 49 patients (83.1%). Two cases achieved successful pregnancy in the one year follow-up period. Five patients developed post-embolization syndrome which necessitated admission to the hospital. Twenty-two patients presented and complained of pain for which outpatient pain management was done. UAE was a successful treatment for uterine fibroids that preserved the uterus, had minimal complications, and required short hospitalization and recovery.
Japanese Community Pharmacists’ Dispensing Influences Medicine Price Reduction more than Prescription Numbers
Authors: Yokoi Masayuki , Tashiro Takao
Published: January 2016

This study examined the economic efficiency of the separation of prescription and dispensation medicines between doctors in medical institutions and pharmacists in pharmacies. The separation system in Japanese prefectures was examined with publicly available data (Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 2012–2014; retrieved from http://www.mhlw.go.jp/topics/medias/year). We investigated whether the separation system reduces the number of medicines or the medication cost of a prescription because of separating the economic management between prescribing and dispensing and the effect of mutual observation between doctors and pharmacists. It is optional for Japanese medical institutions to participate in the separation system. Consequently, the spreading rate of the separation system in each administrative district is highly variable. We examined the separation system effect using the National Healthcare Insurance data for three years, 2012–2014. We tested whether the separation system ratio for each prefecture was significantly correlated to the medication price or the number of medicines on a prescription. If spreading the separation system influenced the price of prescribed daily medications or the number of medicines, the correlation would be significant. As a result, the medication price was significantly negatively correlated with the separation system ratio, but the number of medicines was not significant. Therefore, the separation system was effective in reducing daily medication cost but had little influence on reducing the number of daily medicines. This was observed over three years in Japan.
Investigating Information-Seeking Behavior of Faculty Members Based on Wilson’s Model: Case Study of PNU University, Mazandaran, Iran
Authors: Azadeh Fereydoon , Ghasemi Shahrzad
Published: January 2016

The present research aims to study information seeking behavior of faculty Members of Payame Noor University (PNU) in Mazandaran province of Iran by using Wilson’s model of information seeking behavior. This is a survey study. Participants were 97 of PNU faculty Members in Mazandaran province. An information-seeking behavior inventory was employed to gather information and research data, which had 24 items based on 5-point likert scale. Collected data were analyzed in SPSS software. Results showed that the most important goal of faculty members was publishing a scientific paper, and their least important goal was updating technical information. Also we found that they mostly use internet-based resources to meet their information needs. Accordingly, 57.7% of them find information resources via online search engines (e.g. Google, Yahoo). Also we concluded that there was a significant relationship between English language proficiency, academic rank, and work experience of them and their information- seeking behavior.
Survey of Communicable Diseases Surveillance System in Hospitals of Iran: A Qualitative Approach
Authors: Fadaei Dehcheshmeh Nayeb , Arab Mohammad , Rahimi Fouroshani Abbas , Farzianpour Fereshteh
Published: January 2016

BACKGROUND: Communicable Disease Surveillance and reporting is one of the key elements to combat against diseases and their control. Fast and timely recognition of communicable diseases can be helpful in controlling of epidemics. One of the main sources of management of communicable diseases reporting is hospitals that collect communicable diseases’ reports and send them to health authorities. One of the focal problems and challenges in this regard is incomplete and imprecise reports from hospitals. In this study, while examining the implementation processes of the communicable diseases surveillance in hospitals, non-medical people who were related to the program have been studied by a qualitative approach.

METHODS: This study was conducted using qualitative content analysis method. Participants in the study included 36 informants, managers, experts associated with health and surveillance of communicable diseases that were selected using targeted sampling and with diverse backgrounds and work experience (different experiences in primary health surveillance and treatment, Ministry levels, university staff and operations (hospitals and health centers) and sampling was continued until  arrive to data saturation.

RESULTS: Interviews were analyzed after the elimination of duplicate codes and integration of them. Finally, 73 codes were acquired and categorized in 6 major themes and 21 levels. The main themes included: policy making and planning, development of resources, organizing, collaboration and participation, surveillance process, and monitoring and evaluation of the surveillance system. In point of interviewees, attention to these themes is necessary to develop effective and efficient surveillance system for communicable diseases.

CONCLUSION: Surveillance system in hospitals is important in developing proper macro - policies in health sector, adoption of health related decisions and preventive plans appropriate to the existing situation. Compilation, changing, improving, monitoring and continuous updating of surveillance systems can play a significant role in its efficiency and effectiveness. In the meantime, policy makers’ and senior managers’ support in development and implementation of communicable disease surveillance’ plans and their reporting plays a key and core role.
A Qualitative Study of Bottlenecks and Causes of Fractions for Dedicated Incomes of Health Centers and Solutions for their Reduction
Authors: Tabrizi Jafar Sadegh , Alidoost Saeide , Mashhadi Abdolahi Hossein
Published: January 2016

BACKGROUND: Primary health care is one of effective approaches for improving public health. Providing optimal cares requires supplication of various resources such as financial resources. “Fractions of incomes” in health centers is one of the remarkable problems for the domain of financial resources management in Iran. This study was aimed to identify bottlenecks and causes of fractions for incomes in health centers and solutions for their reduction.

METHODS: The current study was conducted in a qualitative phenomenology method in East Azerbaijan province of Iran in 2014. Data collection method was focus group discussion and semi-structured interview. Purposive sampling was used for selecting participants. Focus group discussions and interviews were conducted based on pre-prepared guidance and continued till data saturation. Validity of guidance was approved by qualitative studies experts. Data were analyzed using content analysis method.

RESULTS: Based on the opinions of participants, two and six themes were respectively extracted for bottlenecks of fractions and causes and solutions for their reduction. Themes for bottlenecks of fractions included cash (monetary) and non-cash (non-monetary) fractions and themes for causes and solutions included causes and solutions for fractions per capita, insurance deductions, fractions related to sending documents, registration fractions, discounts fractions, and incomplete deposit of cash incomes.

CONCLUSION: All cash and non-cash incomes of health centers are subject to fractions. The causes of fractions are related to the whole process of converting services to incomes and insurance requirements. Identified solutions and interventions also focus on these areas.
Vitamin D Deficiency in Pregnant Women and Their Neonates
Authors: Abbasian Maryam , Chaman Reza , Amiri Mohammad , Ajami Mohammad Esmaeil , Jafari-Koshki Tohid , Rohani Hossein , Taghavi-Shahri Seyed Mahmood , Sadeghi Erfan , Raei Mehdi
Published: January 2016

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is a worldwide problem. Studies have reported prevalence ranged 18-84% in pregnant women. Receiving adequate calcium and vitamin D during pregnancy period is necessary for calcium homeostasis, fetal growth and bone mineralization. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women and their neonates in Shahroud city in the northeast Iran.

METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 284 pregnant women and their neonates referred to Fatemiyeh Hospital of Shahroud were included. Blood samples of mothers and umbilical cords were collected during the delivery and were sent to laboratory in order to measure calcium and 25-hydroxy vitamin D.

FINDINGS: Amounts of Vitamin D insufficiency (20-30 ng/mL) and deficiency (<20 ng/mL) in (mothers, neonates) were found to be (60.2%, 48.9%) and (1.1%, 2.5%) respectively. Calcium deficiency (<8.5 mg/dL) was present in 33.5% of mothers and 25% of neonates. There was a weak correlation between maternal serum and cord blood 25-hydroxy vitamin D (r=0.12, p=0.053).

CONCLUSION: More than half of the mothers and their neonates had some degrees of vitamin D deficiency. It is recommended to evaluate the nutritional status of vitamin D in pregnant women along with public health interventions to be carried out.
Entre o ofício e a amizade: o discurso epistolar do vice-rei 2° Marquês do Lavradio no século XVIII (Between official and friendship: the epistolary speech of the Viceroy, 2nd Marquis of Lavradio in the 18th...)
Authors: Conceição Adriana Angelita da
Published: January 2016

Para a efetivação do governo ultramarino, as práticas de escrita tornaram-se inerentes ao exercício do mando no período moderno. A massa documental produzida pelo império luso-brasileiro é formada por distintas tipologias documentais de ordem político-administrativa, jurídica, econômica e também sociocultural. Entre esses papéis as cartas ocuparam um lugar de destaque, considerando os usos nos espaços da vida pública e particular. A partir desse contexto, este artigo se ocupará da escrita epistolar de D. Luís de Almeida, 2º Marquês do Lavradio, vice-rei do Estado do Brasil de 1769 a 1779. O objetivo será problematizar a prática discursiva de amizade e de ofício de Lavradio em um momento específico de sua passagem pela América: o recebimento da nomeação ao cargo de vice-rei, quando ainda governava a capitania da Bahia (1768-1769). Para isso, selecionamos três missivas: uma de amizade enviada ao tio, Tomas de Almeida, e duas – uma de ofício e outra de amizade – destinadas ao secretário de Estado da Marinha e Ultramar, Francisco Xavier de Mendonça Furtado. A seleção de cartas será analisada por meio dos pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos apresentados pela história social da Cultura Escrita, ao problematizar a carta não apenas como fonte de informação, mas objeto de análise.

Abstract

For the realization of the overseas government the script practices became inherent in the exercise of power in the modern period. The documental mass produced by the Portuguese-Brazilian Empire is made up of different documentary types of political-administrative, legal, economic, and also social and cultural category. Among these papers the letters occupied a prominent place considering the uses in the areas of private and public life. Thus, this article shall deal with the epistolary script of D. Luís de Almeida, 2nd Marquis of Lavradio, and Viceroy of Brazilian State from 1769 to 1779. The goal is to discuss the discursive practice of friendship and official of Lavradio at a specific time of his passage through America: receiving the appointment to the post of vice-king, while the captaincy of Bahia (1768-1769) still ruled. For this we selected three letters: one of friendship sent to the uncle, Tomas de Almeida, and two – one official and another of friendship – for the Staff of Navy and Overseas Secretary, Francisco Xavier de Mendonça Furtado. Thus, the selection of letters shall be analyzed by means of the theoretical and methodological assumptions presented by social history of Script Culture, when discussing the letter not only as a source of information, but also as an object of analysis.

Keywords: Correspondence; Portuguese-Brazilian Empire; Viceroy; 2nd Marquis of Lavradio.
Políticas anti-migratórias e circulação de “retirante”: tessituras entre trabalho e migração nas obras públicas em tempos de secas no Ceará (década de 1950) (Anti-migration policies and act...)
Authors: Ferreira Lara Vanessa De Castro
Published: January 2016

Cerca de dez anos depois da Batalha da Borracha – quando as diretrizes varguistas instituíram uma forte propaganda para impulsionar a ida de trabalhadores nordestinos rumo à extração de látex na Amazônia –, autoridades públicas e particulares cearenses, com reforço do poder público nacional, movimentaram-se para frear a saída de grandes contingentes populacionais do estado, por meio de iniciativas anti-migratórias. Durante as estiagens na década de 1950, a grande medida de fixação de trabalhadores foi a ampla instalação de frentes de serviços emergenciais. Aliás, medida que igualmente combinava com o discurso de racionalizar os socorros aos retirantes sem serviço e sem comida durante as secas. Ao lado disso, pode-se pensar que a migração na rota das obras públicas também tornou-se alternativa de sobrevivência dos próprios trabalhadores que preferiam permanecer próximos aos seus locais de origem a emigrar para outros estados.

Abstract

About ten years after the “Batalha da Borracha” – when varguistas guidelines instituted a strong propaganda to boost the return of Northeastern workers towards rubber production in the Amazon – Ceará public and private authorities, strengthening the national government, have moved to stem the flow of large population of the state, through anti - immigration initiatives. During droughts in the 1950s, a large measure of attachment of workers was widespread installation of fronts emergency services. Indeed, as also matched the speech streamline aid to refugees without service and without food during droughts. Beside this, one might think that the migration route of public works has also become an alternative for the survival of workers who preferred to remain close to their places of origin to emigrate to other states.

Keywords: Labor; Migration; Policies.
Práticas de esporte, educação física e educação moral e cívica na ditadura militar: uma higiene moral e do corpo (Sports practices, physical education and moral and civic education during...)
Authors: Sousa Reginaldo Cerqueira
Published: January 2016

Formas de governo baseados no autoritarismo encontraram mecanismos, entre eles o da propaganda ideológica, para adquirir adesão e consenso da população. Este artigo procura compreender como se deu esse processo na ditadura militar brasileira por meio da análise dos manuais de Educação Moral e Cívica e das práticas esportivas nos espaços de educação de jovens. A higiene moral e do corpo como meios de se obter obediência, valorizar o trabalho e evitar os conflitos sociais.

Abstract

Governments based on authoritarianism always use mechanisms in order to get membership and consensus from the population, such as the ideological advertisement. This paper approaches this process in the Brazilian Military Dictatorship by analysing textbooks of the Moral and Civic Education, besides the practice of sports in youth education spaces. In addition, it focuses also on body and mental hygiene as means of getting obedience, increasing the value of work and avoiding social conflicts.

Keywords: Military Dictatorship; Anti-Communism; Moral and Civility.
Como ler uma revista ilustrada? Uma proposta metodológica para o estudo de periódicos ilustrados publicados no Brasil oitocentista (How to read an illustrated magazine? A methodological issues for studie...)
Authors: Figueiredo Guilherme Elias de
Published: January 2016

O artigo discute questões metodológicas para o estudo das revistas ilustradas brasileiras oitocentistas. O objetivo é debater um método de análise que se detém sobre os sentidos estabelecidos na interação entre textos e imagens de determinado número de um periódico ilustrado, na lógica formada pela leitura sequencial de suas edições e nas suas relações com outras revistas e jornais que circularam no Brasil durante o século XIX. Essa perspectiva foi denominada “blocos temáticos de análise” e possibilita a compreensão de sentidos não observados quando são analisadas isoladamente as imagens e os textos dessas revistas. A proposta aponta para a importância de o historiador considerar o projeto editorial de um periódico ilustrado e as formas de apropriação e contextualização das ideias, símbolos e visões sobre a sociedade brasileira oitocentista desse tipo de publicação. Para tanto, foram analisados os números 84, 85 e 87 da revista Illustrada de Angelo Agostini. Essas edições abordaram o retorno de D. Pedro II ao Brasil depois de sua segunda viagem internacional em 1877 e a repercussão desse fato na imprensa brasileira, assunto que norteia o bloco temático de análise. São apontados caminhos que podem contribuir para a interpretação historiográfica sobre os periódicos ilustrados publicados no Brasil no século XIX.

 

Abstract

The article discusses about methodological issues in the study of illustrated magazines from Brazil published by nineteenth-century. The goal is to debate a method established in the interaction of texts and images inside a number of illustrated magazine, the logic formed by a sequential read of their editions and in its relations with other magazines and journals that circulated in Brazil during the nineteenth century. That is called prospect "analysis of thematic blocks" and allows us to understand directions that were not observed when the analisys consider isolated images and texts of these magazines. The proposal indicates the importance of the historian consider the editorial design of an illustrated magazine and the forms of appropriation and contextualization of ideas, symbols, and visions about the brazilian society. Therefore, we analyzed the numbers 84, 85 and 87 of the revista Illustrada by Angelo Agostini. It was approuched the return of D. Pedro II to Brazil after his second international trip in 1877 and the impact of that fact in the brazilian press. Thus it ispropouse ways that can contribute to the historiographical interpretation of the illustrated magazine published in Brazil by the nineteenth century.

Keywords: Illustrated magazines; Methodology; Brazil; Nineteenth-century.
Taxonomic revision of the Lycocerus hanatanii species group (Coleoptera, Cantharidae), with the description of new species from Taiwan
Authors: Hsiao Yun , Okushima Yûichi , Yang Ping-Shih , Ko Chiun-Cheng
Published: January 2016

The Lycocerus hanatanii species group is revised, with the addition of seven taxa: L. araticollis (Fairmaire, 1897), L. nigripennis (Pic, 1938), L. griseopubens (Pic, 1928), L. aurantiacus sp. nov., L. evangelium sp. nov., L. kintaroi sp. nov., and L. yitingi sp. nov. Supplementary descriptions of the males of L. araticollis and L. griseopubens are provided. Lycocerus nigripennis (Pic, 1938) and L. pictus (Wittmer, 1983) are redescribed in detail. Each species is provided with photos or illustrations of genitalia of both sexes and abdominal ventrite VII of the female if available. Distribution maps and a key to the species of the L. hanatanii species group are presented. In addition, the monophyly of the L. hanatanii species group is supported based on a morphological phylogenetic analysis.
Optical Coatings as Mirrors for Optical Diagnostics
Authors: Marot L. , Arnoux G. , Huber A. , Huber V. , Mertens Ph. , Sergienko G. , Meyer E.
Published: January 2016

The aim of this work was to provide a comprehensive insight concerning coated films which might be used for first mirrors in ITER. The influence of the mirror crystallite size has been addressed as well as the coating techniques to provide nanocrystalline films. Tests of coated mirrors both in laboratories and in tokamaks are reviewed. For the tokamak tests a wide angle camera system has been installed in JET-ILW which is composed of a mirror box with 3 stainless steel mirrors coated with rhodium viewing the torus through a conically shaped aperture. The system delivered the required image quality for plasma monitoring and wall protection. No or insignificant degradation of the optical transmittance has been observed during the experimental campaign in 2014 with about 3000 plasma pulses in different magnetic field configurations.