bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Local Weather Conditions Affect Forager Size and Visitation Rate on Bramble Flowers (Rubus fruticosus) in Bumble Bees (Bombus spp)
Authors: Uthoff Cassandra , Ruxton Graeme
Published: April 2022

Bumble bees (Bombus; Hymenoptera) are crucial pollinators for many agricultural crops, but their numbers have declined - with climate change as a possible driver. Different aspects of local weather conditions can have substantial effects on bumble bees’ ability to forage. Here we made 501 observations of bumblebee workers on bramble flowers (Rubus fruticosus) to explore how the characteristic sizes of foragers active and their individual rate of movement between flowers were correlated with aspects of weather. Firstly, we found that increased ambient temperature is correlated to reduced activity in larger workers. Moreover, while higher humidity was linked to an increase in smaller workers, an increase in cloud cover led their numbers to decrease. Visitation rate and temperature showed a significant negative relationship whereas no other weather aspect affected visitation rate significantly. Our results suggest that predicted rises in ambient temperatures will adversely affect bumble bee foraging, and particularly so for larger-bodied workers. We anticipate that this study can be used as a foundation for longer-term and more detailed studies on bumble bee foraging and colony performance. Such work is vital to identify management measures to mitigate pollinator declines and preserve food security.
Characterising a Single-Photon Detector for ALPS II
Authors: Shah Rikhav , Isleif Katharina-Sophie , Januschek Friederike , Lindner Axel , Schott Matthias
Published: April 2022

Transition Edge Sensors (TESs) have found widespread application in fundamental studies due to their low background rate, high efficiency, and excellent energy resolution. This makes them suitable candidates for ALPS II, which investigates the existence of new particles (axions and axion-like-particles) which couple very weakly to photons. ALPS II anticipates an extremely low signal rate $$<10^{-5}$$

<

10

-
5

 cps (amounting to $$\sim $$
∼
1–2 photons a day). The detection of these low energy ($$\sim $$
∼
1 eV, 1064 nm) photons with a high energy resolution is necessary for ALPS II. We show that with our TES setup, we can analyze the TES pulses with different methods such as pulse fitting and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). These achieve (using the standard deviation) an energy resolution ($$\Delta E/E$$

Δ
E
/
E

) down to $$\sim 8\%$$

∼
8
%

. The pulse analysis, with a chosen fitting approach, assists also in achieving a very low dark count rate $$\mathcal {O}\left( 10^{-6} \right) $$

O

10

-
6

 cps for 1064 nm photon signal searches in the TES.
A polynomial variant of diophantine triples in linear recurrences
Authors: Fuchs Clemens , Heintze Sebastian
Published: April 2022

Let $$ (G_n)_{n=0}^{\infty } $$

(

G
n

)

n
=
0

∞

be a polynomial power sum, i.e. a simple linear recurrence sequence of complex polynomials with power sum representation $$ G_n = f_1\alpha _1^n + \cdots + f_k\alpha _k^n $$

G
n

=

f
1

α
1
n

+
⋯
+

f
k

α
k
n

and polynomial characteristic roots $$ \alpha _1,\ldots ,\alpha _k $$

α
1

,
…
,

α
k

. For a fixed polynomial p, we consider sets $$ \left\{ a,b,c \right\} $$

a
,
b
,
c

consisting of three non-zero polynomials such that $$ ab+p, ac+p, bc+p $$

a
b
+
p
,
a
c
+
p
,
b
c
+
p

are elements of $$ (G_n)_{n=0}^{\infty } $$

(

G
n

)

n
=
0

∞

. We will prove that under a suitable dominant root condition there are only finitely many such sets if neither $$ f_1 $$

f
1

nor $$ f_1 \alpha _1 $$

f
1

α
1

is a perfect square.
Development and validation of the Remote Working Benefits & Disadvantages scale
Authors: Ingusci Emanuela , Signore Fulvio , Cortese Claudio Giovanni , Molino Monica , Pasca Paola , Ciavolino Enrico
Published: April 2022

The changes that are constantly occurring in the labour sector have led organisations and companies to move towards digital transformation. This process was accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic and  conducted to a massive recourse to the practice of remote working, which in this study is understood as the term for the way of performing work outside the usual workplace and with the support of ICT. Currently, there are no flexible scales in the literature that allow measuring the benefits and disadvantages of remote working with a single instrument. Thus, the distinction between the positive and negative consequences of working remotely, substantiated by a solid literature, provides a framework for a systematical understanding of the issue. The aim of the present study is to develop and validate a scale on remote working benefits and disadvantages (RW-B&D scale). For this end, a preliminary Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) with 304 participants, a tailored EFA with a sample of 301 workers and a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with 677 workers were conducted. Participants were all Italian employees who worked remotely during the period of the COVID-19 health emergency. Data were collected between October 2020 and April 2021. The psychometric robustness of the model was assessed through bootstrap validation (5000 resamples), fit indices testing and measurement of factorial invariance. The statistical analyses demonstrated the bifactorial nature of the scale, supporting the research hypothesis. The model showed good fit indices, bootstrap validation reported statistically significant saturations, good reliability indices, and convergent and discriminant validity. Measurement invariance was tested for gender and organisational sector. The results suggested that the novel scale facilitates the quantitative measurement of the benefits and disadvantages associated with remote working in empirical terms. For this reason, it could be a streamlined and psychometrically valid instrument to identify the potential difficulties arising from remote working and, at the same time, the positive aspects that can be implemented to improve organisational well-being.
The effects of U.S. county and state income inequality on self-reported happiness and health are equivalent to zero
Authors: Sommet Nicolas , Elliot Andrew J.
Published: April 2022

Purpose

A popular idea in the social sciences is that contexts with high income inequality undermine people’s well-being and health. However, existing studies documenting this phenomenon typically compare a small number of higher-level units (countries/regions). Here, we use local income inequality indicators and temporal designs to provide the most highly powered test to date of the associations between income inequality and self-reported happiness and health in the US﻿A

Method

We combined county-level income inequality data (county-level Gini coefficients) with the responses from the General Social Survey (GSS) Cross-sectional dataset (13,000 + participants from ≈1000 county-waves) and Panels (3 × 3000 + participants from 3 × ≈500 county-waves); we used the GSS happiness (“not too happy,” “pretty happy,” or “very happy”) and health (“poor,” “fair,” “good,” or “excellent”) variables.

Results

Multilevel-ordered logistic models and equivalence tests revealed that the within-county effects of income inequality on self-reported happiness and health were systematically equivalent to zero. Additional analyses revealed that the within-state effects were identical, that using alternative measures of state income inequality led to the same conclusions, and that lagged effects (between + 1 and + 12 years) were never significant and always equivalent to zero.

Conclusion

The present work suggests that—at least in the USA—income inequality is likely neither associated with self-reported happiness nor with self-reported health.
Pharmacosimulation of delays and interruptions during administration of tirofiban: a systematic comparison between EU and US dosage regimens
Authors: Heramvand Nadia , Masyuk Maryna , Muessig Johanna M. , Nia Amir M. , Karathanos Athanasios , Polzin Amin , Valgimigli Marco , Gurbel Paul A. , Tantry Udaya S. , Kelm Malte , Jung Christian
Published: April 2022

Tirofiban is a glycoproteine (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist, which inhibits platelet-platelet aggregation and is a potential adjunctive antithrombotic treatment in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) or high-risk percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). It is administered intravenously as a bolus followed by continuous infusion. However, the dosage recommendations in the United States (US) and European Union (EU) differ considerably. Furthermore, in routine clinical practice, deviations from the recommendations may occur. The objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of different alterations on tirofiban plasma concentrations in US and EU administration regimens and to give suggestions for delay management in clinical practice. We therefore mathematically simulated the effects of different bolus-infusion delays and infusion interruptions in different scenarios according to the renal function. Here, we provide a systematic assessment of concentration patterns of tirofiban in the US versus EU dosage regimens. We show that differences between the two regimens have important effects on plasma drug levels. Furthermore, we demonstrate that deviations from the proper administration mode affect the concentration of tirofiban. Additionally, we calculated the optimal dosage of a second bolus to rapidly restore the initial concentration without causing overdosage. In conclusion, differences in tirofiban dosing regimens between the U.S and EU and potential infusion interruptions have important effects on drug levels that may impact on degrees of platelet inhibition and thus antithrombotic effects. Thus, the findings of our modelling studies may help to explain differences in clinical outcomes observed in previous clinical trials on tirofiban.
Optimal Exposure Time in Gamma-Ray Attenuation Experiments for Monitoring Time-Dependent Densities
Authors: Gonzalez-Nicolas Ana , Bilgic Deborah , Kröker Ilja , Mayar Assem , Trevisan Luca , Steeb Holger , Wieprecht Silke , Nowak Wolfgang
Published: April 2022

Several environmental phenomena require monitoring time-dependent densities in porous media, e.g., clogging of river sediments, mineral dissolution/precipitation, or variably-saturated multiphase flow. Gamma-ray attenuation (GRA) can monitor time-dependent densities without being destructive or invasive under laboratory conditions. GRA sends gamma rays through a material, where they are attenuated by photoelectric absorption and then recorded by a photon detector. The attenuated intensity of the emerging beam relates to the density of the traversed material via Beer–Lambert’s law. An important parameter for designing time-variable GRA is the exposure time, the time the detector takes to gather and count photons before converting the recorded intensity to a density. Large exposure times capture the time evolution poorly (temporal raster error, inaccurate temporal discretization), while small exposure times yield imprecise intensity values (noise-related error, i.e. small signal-to-noise ratio). Together, these two make up the total error of observing time-dependent densities by GRA. Our goal is to provide an optimization framework for time-dependent GRA experiments with respect to exposure time and other key parameters, thus facilitating neater experimental data for improved process understanding. Experimentalists set, or iterate over, several experimental input parameters (e.g., Beer–Lambert parameters) and expectations on the yet unknown dynamics (e.g., mean and amplitude of density and characteristic time of density changes). We model the yet unknown dynamics as a random Gaussian Process to derive expressions for expected errors prior to the experiment as a function of key experimental parameters. Based on this, we provide an optimization framework that allows finding the optimal (minimal-total-error) setup and demonstrate its application on synthetic experiments.
Super-Resolved Segmentation of X-ray Images of Carbonate Rocks Using Deep Learning
Authors: Alqahtani Naif J. , Niu Yufu , Wang Ying Da , Chung Traiwit , Lanetc Zakhar , Zhuravljov Aleksandr , Armstrong Ryan T. , Mostaghimi Peyman
Published: April 2022

Reliable quantitative analysis of digital rock images requires precise segmentation and identification of the macroporosity, sub-resolution porosity, and solid\mineral phases. This is highly emphasized in heterogeneous rocks with complex pore size distributions such as carbonates. Multi-label segmentation of carbonates using classic segmentation methods such as multi-thresholding is highly sensitive to user bias and often fails in identifying low-contrast sub-resolution porosity. In recent years, deep learning has introduced efficient and automated algorithms that are capable of handling hard tasks with precision comparable to human performance, with application to digital rocks super-resolution and segmentation emerging. Here, we present a framework for using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to produce super-resolved segmentations of carbonates rock images for the objective of identifying sub-resolution porosity. The volumes used for training and testing are based on two different carbonates rocks imaged in-house at low and high resolutions. We experiment with various implementations of CNNs architectures where super-resolved segmentation is obtained in an end-to-end scheme and using two networks (super-resolution and segmentation) separately. We show the capability of the trained model of producing accurate segmentation by comparing multiple voxel-wise segmentation accuracy metrics, topological features, and measuring effective properties. The results underline the value of integrating deep learning frameworks in digital rock analysis.
Influence-Aware Successive Point-of-Interest Recommendation
Authors: Cheng Xinghe , Li Ning , Rysbayeva Gulsim , Yang Qing , Zhang Jingwei
Published: April 2022

In recent years, with the rapid development of mobile applications, user check-in histories have been increasing. Successive point-of-interest (POI) recommendation has gained growing attention. Existing successive point-of-interest recommendation methods learn long- and short-term user preferences through historical check-in sequences to provide more personalized services. However, due to sparse data and complicated temporal patterns, the application of such technique is still limited by two challenges: 1) difficulty meeting user travel needs in time; 2) difficulty capturing users complicated behavior patterns. To address this problem, we propose a new Influence-Aware successive POI recommendation Model (InfAM), which can learn the influence of POIs in a short-term sequence fragment for next point-of-interest recommendation. To capture periodic patterns of user movements, InfAM takes a user’s check-in data within a day as an input sequence to address the current travel needs of the user. In addition, based on multihead attention mechanism and user embedding, InfAM focuses on the influence of POIs in short-term sequences and general user preferences in these sequences. Therefore, InfAM integrates three specific dependencies, which can fully learn the dynamic interaction between short-term preferences: the influence of POIs in short-term sequence fragments (POI-poi), user preferences (POI-user), and the periodicity of check-ins (POI-time). Evaluation results on real-world datasets show that InfAM achieves state-of-the-art recommendation performance.
Socioeconomic factors do not predict sleep apnea in a population sample from Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany
Authors: Krüger Markus , Obst Anne , Bernhardt Olaf , Ewert Ralf , Penzel Thomas , Stubbe Beate , Fietze Ingo , Ivanovska Tatyana , Biffar Reiner , Daboul Amro
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Socioeconomic factors are known to modulate health. Concerning sleep apnea, influences of income, education, work, and living in a partnership are established. However, results differ between national and ethnic groups. Results also differ between various clinical studies and population-based approaches. The goal of our study was to determine if such factors can be verified in the population of Pomerania, Germany.

Methods

A subgroup from the participants of the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania volunteered for an overnight polysomnography. Their data were subjected to an ordinal regressions analysis with age, sex, body mass index (BMI), income, education, work, and life partner as predictors for the apnea–hypopnea index.

Results

Among the subgroup (N = 1209) from the population-based study (N = 4420), significant effects were found for age, sex, and BMI. There were no significant effects for any of the socioeconomic factors.

Conclusion

Significant effects for well-established factors as age, sex, and BMI show that our study design has sufficient power to verify meaningful associations with sleep apnea. The lack of significant effects for the socioeconomic factors suggests their clinical irrelevance in the tested population.
Psychische Belastung von Kindern und Jugendlichen in der Coronazeit
Authors: Bohl Christin , Karnaki Pania , Cheli Simone , Fornes Romero Gertrudis , Glavak Tkalić Renata , Papadopoulos Eva , Schaefer Mathieu , Berth Hendrik
Published: April 2022

Hintergrund

Internationale Studien zeigen, dass die Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung der COVID-19-Pandemie verstärkt zu psychischen Auffälligkeiten bei Kindern und Jugendlichen führen können. Insgesamt gibt es zu diesem Themenbereich viele Studienaktivitäten, jedoch nur wenige repräsentative Untersuchungen für Deutschland.

Ziel der Arbeit

Es soll untersucht werden, welchen Einfluss die COVID-19-Pandemie auf die psychische Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland nimmt und welche Risiko- und protektive Faktoren für das mentale Wohlbefinden während der Pandemie existieren. Im Anschluss wird ein EU-weites Projekt skizziert, welches die psychische Gesundheit von SchülerInnen durch ein Schulungsprogramm für Lehrkräfte und andere PädagogInnen fördern will.

Methoden

Unter Nutzung der Literaturdatenbanken PubMed und Medline fand eine unsystematische Literaturrecherche im Sinne eines narrativen Reviews statt. Die in dieser Arbeit einbezogenen Studien wurden anhand ihres thematisch passenden Abstracts ausgewählt.

Ergebnisse

Die Zahl der Kinder, die psychische Auffälligkeiten oder Verhaltensstörungen zeigen, stieg rapide an. Vor allem die soziale Isolation, Ängste und Unsicherheit, sowie Konflikte innerhalb der Familie aufgrund von Überforderung oder finanziellen Sorgen führen zu einer Verschlechterung der psychischen Situation von Kindern und Jugendlichen. Die Folgen sind depressive Verstimmungen, Verhaltensauffälligkeiten und psychosomatische Beschwerden.

Schlussfolgerung

Die Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie auf die psychische Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen dürfen nicht unterschätzt werden. Auch in den kommenden Jahren ist ein besonderer Unterstützungsbedarf gefordert.
Abnormal intrinsic brain functional network dynamics in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy
Authors: Zhao Guoshu , Zhan Yaru , Zha Jing , Cao Yuan , Zhou Fuqing , He Laichang
Published: April 2022

The specific topological changes in dynamic functional networks and their role in cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) brain function reorganization remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the dynamic functional connection (dFC) of patients with CSM, focusing on the temporal characteristics of the functional connection state patterns and the variability of network topological organization. Eighty-eight patients with CSM and 77 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited for resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. We applied the sliding time window analysis method and K-means clustering analysis to capture the dFC variability patterns of the two groups. The graph-theoretical approach was used to investigate the variance in the topological organization of whole-brain functional networks. All participants showed four types of dynamic functional connection states. The mean dwell time in state 2 was significantly different between the two groups. Particularly, the mean dwell time in state 2 was significantly longer in the CSM group than in the healthy control group. Among the four states, switching of relative brain networks mainly included the executive control network (ECN), salience network (SN), default mode network (DMN), language network (LN), visual network (VN), auditory network (AN), precuneus network (PN), and sensorimotor network (SMN). Additionally, the topological properties of the dynamic network were variable in patients with CSM. Dynamic functional connection states may offer new insights into intrinsic functional activities in CSM brain networks. The variance of topological organization may suggest instability of the brain networks in patients with CSM.
High Temperature Fatigue Performance of Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion Manufactured Alloy 718
Authors: Kjellsson Henrik , Balachandramurthi Arun Ramanathan , Moverare Johan , Hansson Thomas
Published: April 2022

The microstructure and mechanical properties of additively manufactured (AM) parts have been shown to be different from that of cast and wrought counterparts. In this study, electron beam powder bed fusion (EB-PBF) fabricated Alloy 718 was exposed to three different heat treatment routes followed by strain-controlled fatigue testing at 550 °C. The fatigue tests were performed with specimens built with their center axis parallel and transverse relative to the build direction. The microstructure showed saturated precipitation ofδ-Ni3Nb after repeated solution treatment at 954 °C. In contrast, noδ-Ni3Nb precipitates could be observed after a single-step solution treatment at 1025 °C. However, the disparity of secondary phases showed no noticeable influence on the fatigue life. A significant difference in fatigue behavior was noted between the parallel and transverse directions. The specimens loaded parallel to the elongated grains showed on average ~5× greater life in comparison to the perpendicularly loaded specimens. Compared to corresponding heat-treated material conditions tested at ambient temperature, the specimens showed lower life at high strain amplitude and superior life at low strain amplitude. Moreover, competitive internal and surface failure modes were observed at the lower strain amplitudes while for the higher strain ranges, surface failure modes dominated.
Interaction and combined toxicity of microplastics and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in aquatic environment
Authors: Dai Yanhui , Zhao Jian , Sun Chunxiao , Li Diying , Liu Xia , Wang Zhenyu , Yue Tongtao , Xing Baoshan
Published: April 2022

Microplastics (MPs) are recognized as vectors for the transport of organic contaminants in aquatic environments in addition to their own adverse effects on aquatic organisms. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are widely present in aquatic environments due to their widespread applications, and thus coexist with MPs. Therefore, we focus on the interaction of MPs and PFASs and related combined toxicity in aquatic environments in this work. The adsorption of PFASs on MPs is critically reviewed, and new mechanisms such as halogen bonding, π-π interaction, cation-π interactions, and micelle formation are proposed. Moreover, the effect of MPs on the transport and transformation of PFASs in aquatic environments is discussed. Based on four typical aquatic organisms (shellfish, Daphnia, algae, and fish), the toxicity of MPs and/or PFASs at the organismal or molecular levels is also evaluated and summarized. Finally, challenges and research perspectives are proposed, and the roles of the shapes and aging process of MPs on PFAS biogeochemical processes and toxicity, especially on PFAS substitutes, are recommended for further investigation. This review provides a better understanding of the interactions and toxic effects of coexisting MPs and PFASs in aquatic environments.
Cerebral Microdialysis-Based Interventions Targeting Delayed Cerebral Ischemia Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Winberg Jakob , Holm Isabella , Cederberg David , Rundgren Malin , Kronvall Erik , Marklund Niklas
Published: April 2022

Background

Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), a complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), is linked to cerebral vasospasm and associated with poor long-term outcome. We implemented a structured cerebral microdialysis (CMD) based protocol using the lactate/pyruvate ratio (LPR) as an indicator of the cerebral energy metabolic status in the neurocritical care decision making, using an LPR ≥ 30 as a cutoff suggesting an energy metabolic disturbance. We hypothesized that CMD monitoring could contribute to active, protocol-driven therapeutic interventions that may lead to the improved management of patients with SAH.

Methods

Between 2018 and 2020, 49 invasively monitored patients with SAH, median Glasgow Coma Scale 11 (range 3–15), and World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies scale 4 (range 1–5) on admission receiving CMD were included. We defined a major CMD event as an LPR ≥ 40 for ≥ 2 h and a minor CMD event as an LPR ≥ 30 for ≥ 2 h.

Results

We analyzed 7,223 CMD samples over a median of 6 days (5–8). Eight patients had no CMD events. In 41 patients, 113 minor events were recorded, and in 23 patients 42 major events were recorded. Our local protocols were adhered to in 40 major (95%) and 98 minor events (87%), with an active intervention in 32 (76%) and 71 (63%), respectively. Normalization of energy metabolic status (defined as four consecutive samples with LPR < 30 for minor and LPR < 40 for major events) was seen after 69% of major and 59% of minor events. The incidence of DCI-related infarcts was 10% (five patients), with only two observed in a CMD-monitored brain region.

Conclusions

Active interventions were initiated in a majority of LPR events based on CMD monitoring. A low DCI incidence was observed, which may be associated with the active interventions. The potential aid of CMD in the clinical decision-making targeting DCI needs confirmation in additional SAH studies.
Circuit-level convergence of electronics and photonics: basic concepts and recent advances
Authors: Tan Min , Wang Yuhang , Wang Ken Xingze , Yu Yuan , Zhang Xinliang
Published: April 2022

Integrated photonics is widely regarded as an important post-Moore’s law research direction. However, it suffers from intrinsic limitations, such as lack of control and satisfactory photonic memory, that cannot be solved in the optical domain and must be combined with electronics for practical use. Inevitably, electronics and photonics will converge. The photonic fabrication and integration technology is gradually maturing and electronics-photonics convergence (EPC) is experiencing a transition from device integration to circuit design. We derive a conceptual framework consisting of regulator, oscillator, and memory for scalable integrated circuits based on the fundamental concepts of purposeful behavior in cybernetics, entropy in information theory, and symmetry breaking in physics. Leveraging this framework and emulating the successes experienced by electronic integrated circuits, we identify the key building blocks for the integrated circuits for EPC and review the recent advances.

Graphical Abstract
The Impact of Compassion from Others and Self-compassion on Psychological Distress, Flourishing, and Meaning in Life Among University Students
Authors: Chan Kevin Ka Shing , Lee John Chi-Kin , Yu Eric Kwan Wai , Chan Arita W. Y. , Leung Angel Nga Man , Cheung Rebecca Y. M. , Li Chin Wa , Kong Raymond Ho-Man , Chen Junjun , Wan Sarah Lai Yin , Tang Christine Hau Yu , Yum Yen Na , Jiang Da , Wang Lixun , Tse Chun Yip
Published: April 2022

Objectives

Research shows that compassion from others and from the self may enable university students to face, overcome, and bounce back from adversity and generate a greater sense of thriving and meaning in life. However, the underlying processes are largely unknown. The present study aimed to examine the associations of compassion with psychological distress, flourishing, and meaning in life among university students and explore the mechanisms underlying these associations.

Methods

A total of 536 Hong Kong university students completed questionnaires measuring their experiences of compassion from others, self-compassion, resilience, psychological distress, flourishing, and meaning in life.

Results

Serial mediation analyses showed that compassion from others was associated positively with self-compassion, which was, in turn, linked to greater resilience and consequently lower levels of psychological distress and higher levels of flourishing and meaning in life.

Conclusions

Our findings reveal the associations of compassion from others and self-compassion with the well-being and life meaning of university students. The findings highlight the importance of being open and receptive to love and kindness from others. The findings also point to the importance of developing a caring attitude toward oneself.
Local grid refinement in multigrid method for point contact problems of polycrystalline anisotropic material under dry and lubricated conditions
Authors: Zhang Binbin , Vlogman Tristan G. , Andric Predrag , Bor Ton C. , Venner Cornelis H.
Published: April 2022

Predicting rolling bearing fatigue life requires knowledge of the three-dimensional (3D) stress fields in the roller and raceway near the lubricated contact. Owing to the increasingly severe operating conditions, the effect of localized features such as surface roughness, subsurface inclusions, and even the crystallographic structure of the material becomes important. Achieving such detail requires (locally) extremely dense gridding in simulations, which in 3D is a major challenge. Multigrid techniques have been demonstrated to be capable of solving such problems. In this study, multigrid techniques are shown to further increase the efficiency of the solution by exploiting local grid refinement while maintaining the simplicity of a uniform discretization. This is achieved by employing increasingly finer grids only locally, where the highest resolution is required. Results are presented for dry contact and elastohydrodynamically lubricated contact cases, circular as well as elliptic, with varying crystallographic structure, and with surface roughness. The results show that the developed algorithm is very well suited for detailed analysis, with also excellent prospects for computational diagnostics involving actual material crystallographic structure from electron backscatter diffraction measurements.
Tribology of self-lubricating high performance ATSP, PI, and PEEK-based polymer composites up to 300 °C
Authors: Bashandeh Kian , Lan Pixiang , Polycarpou Andreas A.
Published: April 2022

High-performance polymers (HPPs) are increasingly used in different industrial machinery components, particularly for rubbing parts that demand reliable and durable operation at extreme sliding conditions such as elevated temperature environments, where the use of conventional lubricants is not feasible. The current study investigates the role of environmental temperature on the tribological properties of three advanced HPPs, namely aromatic thermosetting copolyester (ATSP), polyimide (PI), and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) based polymer composites. Tribological experiments were carried out at different environmental temperatures from room temperature up to 300 °C, and under dry sliding conditions. Specific attention was given to the role of temperature on the development of transfer films and its subsequent effect on the tribological performance. The ATSP composite was recommended as the best performing material, based on the overall tribological performance at all examined operating temperatures.
Riemann–Liouville Fractional Integral Inequalities for Generalized Harmonically Convex Fuzzy-Interval-Valued Functions
Authors: Khan Muhammad Bilal , Zaini Hatim Ghazi , Santos-García Gustavo , Mohammed Pshtiwan Othman , Soliman Mohamed S.
Published: April 2022

The framework of fuzzy-interval-valued functions (FIVFs) is a generalization of interval-valued functions (IVF) and single-valued functions. To discuss convexity with these kinds of functions, in this article, we introduce and investigate the harmonically$$\mathsf{h}$$h-convexity for FIVFs through fuzzy-order relation (FOR). Using this class of harmonically$$\mathsf{h}$$h-convex FIVFs ($$\mathcal{H}-\mathsf{h}$$H-h-convex FIVFs), we prove some Hermite–Hadamard (H⋅H) and Hermite–Hadamard–Fejér (H⋅HFejér) type inequalities via fuzzy interval Riemann–Liouville fractional integral (FI Riemann–Liouville fractional integral). The concepts and techniques of this paper are refinements and generalizations of many results which are proved in the literature.
Who Were Hospitalized Deceased Patients from COVID-19 During the First Year of Pandemic? Retrospective Analysis of 1104 Deceased Patients in South of France
Authors: Arlotto Sylvie , Legueult Kevin , Blin Alice , Cortaredona Sebastien , Giraud-Gatineau Audrey , Bailly Laurent , Jimeno Marie-Thérèse , Delorme Léa , Brouqui Philippe , Lagier Jean-Christophe , Million Matthieu , Dellamonica Jean , Colson Philippe , Carles Michel , Raoult Didier , Pradier Christian , Gentile Stéphanie
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Following the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, a complete analysis of the characteristics of the deceased hospitalized patients was performed, to identify factors related to premature mortality and to compare patient profiles according to the epidemic periods.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of 1104 deceased patients in two University Hospitals in South-eastern France, between March 1, 2020 and March 12, 2021 from Hospital’s electronic medical records was performed.

Results

Mean age was 80 years (± 11.1) and 10% of the deceased were younger than 65 years with specific comorbidities, e.g., genetic conditions, metastatic cancer, or massive obesity. Among the three clusters identified, two clusters (75% of deceased patients) include very elderly patients with numerous comorbidities, and differ by their proportion of dependent institutionalized patients. The third cluster is made up of younger patients with fewer but severe comorbidities. Deceased patients’ profiles varied according to the epidemic periods: during the first period (March–June 2020), more patients were institutionalized. The second period (September–December2020) coincided with a higher mortality rate.

Conclusions

This study confirmed that most patients hospitalized and dying from COVID-19 were frail, i.e., elderly and/or highly comorbid and that the small proportion of young patients had severe comorbidities.
A History of Modern Palestine
Authors: Pappe Ilan
Published: April 2022

Tracing the history of Palestine from the Ottomans in the nineteenth century, through the British Mandate, the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948, and the subsequent wars and conflicts which have dominated this troubled region, Ilan Pappe's widely acclaimed A History of Modern Palestine provides a balanced and forthright overview of Palestine's complex history. Placing at its centre the voices of the men, women, children, peasants, workers, town-dwellers, Jews and Arabs of Palestine, who lived through these times, this tells a story of co-existence and co-operation, as well as oppression, occupation, and exile, exposing patterns of continuity as well as points of fracture. Now in an updated third edition, Pappe draws links between contemporary events, from war in Lebanon, violence in the Gaza Strip and the Arab Spring, with the long history of Palestine, taking into account the success of Israel without neglecting the on-going catastrophe suffered by Palestinians, leaving hope for a better future for all who live in, or were expelled, from Palestine.
Usage of Genetic Panels in an Adult Epilepsy Clinic
Authors: Li Jimmy , Toffa Dènahin Hinnoutondji , Lefèbvre Maude , Tétreault Martine , Cossette Patrick , Samarut Éric , Nguyen Dang Khoa
Published: April 2022

Background:

There is limited data on the utility, yield, and cost efficiency of genetic testing in adults with epilepsy. We aimed to describe the yield and utility of genetic panels in our adult epilepsy clinic.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective, cross-sectional study of all patients followed by an epileptologist at a Canadian tertiary care centre’s epilepsy clinic between January 2016 and August 2021 for whom a genetic panel was ordered. A panel was generally ordered when the etiology was unknown or in the presence of a malformation of cortical development. We determined the yield of panel positivity and of confirmed genetic diagnoses. We also estimated the proportion of these diagnoses that were clinically actionable.

Results:

In total, 164 panels were ordered in 164 patients. Most had refractory epilepsy (80%), and few had comorbid intellectual disability (10%) or a positive family history of epilepsy (11%). The yield of panel positivity was 11%. Panel results were uncertain 49% of the time and negative 40% of the time. Genetic diagnoses were confirmed in 7 (4.3%) patients. These genetic conditions involved the following genes: SCARB2, DEPDC5, PCDH19, LGI1, SCN1A, MT-TL1, and CHRNA7. Of the seven genetic diagnoses, 5 (71%) were evaluated to be clinically actionable.

Conclusion:

We report a lower diagnostic yield for genetic panels in adults with epilepsy than what has so far been reported. Although the field of the genetics of epilepsy is a fast-moving one and more data is required, our findings suggest that guidelines for genetic testing in adults are warranted.
Representations of facial expressions since Darwin
Authors: Perrett David
Published: April 2022

Darwin's book on expressions of emotion was one of the first publications to include photographs (Darwin, The expression of the emotions in Man and animals, 1872). The inclusion of expression photographs meant that readers could form their own opinions and could, like Darwin, survey others for their interpretations. As such, the images provided an evidence base and an ‘open source’. Since Darwin, increases in the representativeness and realism of emotional expressions have come from the use of composite images, colour, multiple views and dynamic displays. Research on understanding emotional expressions has been aided by the use of computer graphics to interpolate parametrically between different expressions and to extrapolate exaggerations. This review tracks the developments in how emotions are illustrated and studied and considers where to go next.
“The Intellectual Emancipation of the Negro”: Madeline Morgan and the Mandatory Black History Curriculum in Chicago during World War II
Authors: Dennis Ashley D.
Published: April 2022

This paper examines the first mandatory Black history curriculum in a US public school system, implemented in Chicago Public Schools between 1942 and 1945. Researched and designed by Madeline Morgan, the curriculum supplemented existing social studies lesson plans with Black people's contributions to US society. How did she win approval for the curriculum in this highly segregated and inequitable city? The commitment of Morgan and her network of Black women educators to “intellectual emancipation” during the 1940s aligned with white schoolteachers and administrators’ interest in promoting interracial tolerance in the US during World War II.
Association between follow-up blood cultures for gram-negative bacilli bacteremia and length of hospital stay and duration of antibiotic treatment: A propensity score-matched cohort study
Authors: Mitaka Hayato , Fujitani Shigeki , Kuno Toshiki , Perlman David C.
Published: April 2022

Objective:

It remains unclear whether a follow-up blood culture (FUBC) for gram-negative bacilli (GNB) bacteremia should be routinely or selectively performed. To evaluate the value of the practice, we analyzed the association between current FUBC practices and length of stay, antibiotic treatment duration, and in-hospital mortality.

Design:

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:

The study was conducted in 4 acute-care hospitals in New York City.

Patients:

The study included hospitalized adults with GNB bacteremia between 2017 and 2018.

Methods:

An FUBC was defined as a blood culture performed between 24 hours and 7 days after an initial blood culture positive for GNB. Using propensity scores for FUBCs performed, patients were matched 1:1 for outcome comparison.

Results:

In total, 376 hospitalized adults with GNB bacteremia met eligibility criteria. Among them, FUBCs were performed in 271 patients (72%). After propensity score matching, we analyzed 87 pairs of patients with and without an FUBC to compare outcomes. The median length of stay was longer among patients with FUBCs than patients without FUBCs (9 days vs 7 days; P = .017). The median duration of antibiotic treatment was also longer among patients with FUBCs than patients without FUBCs (8 vs 6 days; P = .007). No statistically significant difference was observed in in-hospital mortality between patients with and without an FUBC (odds ratio, 0.37; 95% confidence interval, 0.08–1.36).

Conclusions:

Current FUBC practices for GNB bacteremia were associated with prolonged length of stay and duration of antibiotic treatment. Further data to better inform selectivity criteria for FUBCs in GNB bacteremia are needed.
From Dengbêj to Modern Writer: Heritagization of the Kurdish Oral Tradition and Revitalization of the Kurdish Language in the Works of Mehmed Uzun and Mehmet Dicle
Authors: Bocheńska Joanna
Published: April 2022

Based on a textual analysis of the selected works of two writers from Turkey, Mehmed Uzun (1953–2007) and Mehmet Dicle (b.1977), as well as interviews with Kurdish writers and folklore collectors, this study focuses on the links between Kurdish folklore and modern Kurdish literature. Following Gregory Ashcroft's take on heritage, I argue that Kurdish writers’ approach to folkloric motives has evolved through the impact of growing literary experience, inspiration from world literature and deepening knowledge of the Kurdish oral tradition. What is more, Kurdish literature can be treated as an example of cultural and language revitalization, which – according to Justyna Olko – is based on acting in and through the heritage language. Following Doreen Massey's concept of a progressive sense of place, I identify Uzun and Dicle's strategy as linking the local to the universal, suggesting that Kurdish literature should be analyzed within the context of a political geography beyond nationalism.
Undergraduate nursing and medical students’ perceptions of food security and access to healthy food in Qatar: a photovoice study
Authors: Al-Hamad Areej , MacNevin Shannan , Daher-Nashif Suhad
Published: April 2022

The present study explored nursing and medical students’ perceptions of food security, their access to healthy food and the circumstances that affect their access to healthy food in Qatar. The photovoice method was adopted in the present study. Students submitted their photos pertaining to food security and their access to healthy food in Qatar. Afterwards, the students completed an online synchronous semi-structured interview. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. After the data analysis, a focus group discussion was conducted for member checking. The present study is a collaborative project between two universities in Qatar: The University of Calgary in Qatar (UCQ) and Qatar University (QU). Undergraduate students (seven nursing students and nine medical students) were recruited, asked to collect photos and interviewed. Four themes emerged from the data. First, food retail environments promoted unhealthy eating. Second, fast food under stressful circumstances: a sense of comfort. Third, food as a symbol of culture and socialisation. Finally, the paradox of access to affordable and healthy food in Qatar. Undergraduate students highlighted various circumstances that affect their perceptions of food security and their access to healthy food in Qatar. Future research that aims at understanding the facilitators and barriers to access healthy food at the university campus may help to improve nutrition interventions targeting those students. Future initiatives should focus on leveraging various resources to assist universities in tailoring their food initiatives to suit their students’ local needs.
Exploring Bhutanese Teachers’ Perceptions of Differentiated Instruction in Inclusive Schools in Bhutan
Authors: Dema Dorji , Klibthong Sunanta , Srisurakul Teerasak
Published: April 2022

Differentiated instruction (DI) is an inclusive teaching approach that recognises and values student differences. Teachers teaching in inclusive schools practise DI to accommodate students with special educational needs and disabilities. However, no research has yet been conducted to explore teachers’ perceptions of DI in Bhutan. The purpose of this quantitative study is to explore teachers’ perceptions of DI and the differences in their perceptions based on demographic variables. Data were collected via an online survey from 185 teachers in 19 inclusive schools and were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results indicated that the majority of teachers had favourable perceptions of DI. No significant perceptual differences were found on qualifications and teaching experiences. However, special education teachers’ perceptions of DI were significantly higher than general education teachers (M = 4.14, SD = .37), (M = 3.89, SD = .41), respectively, t(183) = 4.194, p = .000, and trained teachers’ perceptions of DI were also found to be significantly higher than untrained teachers (M = 4.09, SD = .39), (M = 3.81, SD = .40), respectively, t(183) = 4.090, p = .000. The implications of the research findings are discussed with recommendations for further research in this area.
Students, Sodomy, and the State: LGBT Campus Struggles in the 1970s
Authors: Stein Marc
Published: April 2022

In the 1970s, LGBT students at fourteen US colleges and universities took their institutions to court after newly established gay student groups were denied official recognition. While the students suffered defeats along the way, by the end of the decade they had won the war for recognition. This article provides a broad overview of these cases, discusses their significance, and argues that we cannot understand the struggle for gay student group recognition without considering its relationship to the state regulation of sex. Advocates for gay student groups won most of their battles by responding to the claim that recognition would be tantamount to aiding and abetting criminal sexual activities. They did so by pursuing strategies of desexualization, which denied that gay student groups encouraged same-sex sex. The article explores these strategies by focusing on three 1976 Virginia cases, one about gay student group recognition, one about the criminalization of same-sex sex, and one about the application of the state’s sodomy law to an interracial threesome. The divergent outcomes help us understand the strategic effectiveness and political limitations of LGBT desexualization strategies.