bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Palliative cancer patients pain reduction methods during opioid epidemic era
Authors: Sobańska Natalia , Bednarz Katarzyna , Banaś Patryk , Banasiak Aleksandra Paulina , Teichman Rafał , Kasprowicz Jakub , Pierzchała Jakub Rafał , Abram Kamila , Adamus Justyna , Hyjek Michał
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Opioids are the most commonly used medication in palliative cancer pain treatment due to their proven effectiveness. However, modern anti-pain treatment concentrates not only on analgesics, but simultaneously on the detection of conditions affecting and intensifying pain sensation. Many studies have shown potential of other, non-opioidal palliative cancer pain treatment with additional positive effect on patient’s general quality of life.
Aim of the study: The purpose of our review is to introduce the issue of the use of opioids and draw attention to other non-opioidal pain reduction methods as well as to indicate directions for further potential researches.
Methods and materials:  We have reviewed the literature available in the PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct database using the keywords: „cancer patients and opioids”; „pain and cancer”; „chronic pain”; „palliative cancer”. We excluded abstracts, comments, and non–English language articles.
Results:
The methods outlined in this review will not affect pain reduction to the same extent as opioids, but they offer a chance to reduce it to a level that allows patients to maintain a normal life. In the light of opioid epidemic era literature shows new approaches to treating pain such as analgesics, including antidepressants, anticonvulsants, Vitamins, cannabis and nonpharmacological methods and showing their potential for wider use in palliative cancer patients treatment.
Conclusion: Besides opioids, there are many factors that affect pain reduction, however, their analgesic potential require additional studies on larger groups of patients.
Ketogenic diet as a tool in the treatment of diseases
Authors: Ilnicka Natalia , Abod Leila , Matyja Daria , Sadlik Maria , Zuziak Patrycja
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroduction and purpose: Ketogenic diet (KD) is a form of nutrition based on usage of ketone bodies, received from transformation of consumed fats as a main source of energy. Advantages of this type of metabolism are used in treatment of various diseases. Our purpose is to sum up and present what we know about its usage, as a therapeutic tool, so far.Description of the state of knowledge: The use of ketone bodies, instead of glucose, as a main source of energy is more efficient, reduces oxidative stress and inflammation. Furthermore, it modulates gut microbiota. KD is used in the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy in children and is proved to be useful in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It can improve health of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric diseases. The usage in other areas is still under research. It is also necessary to take into consideration adverse effects of KD such as an increase in level of LDL-cholesterol and a potential lack of some macro- and microelements. Additionaly, maintaining the diet seems to be difficult, therefore, there is no enough data to fully describe its impact on human health in long-term perspective.Conclusions: The findings presented in this paper suggest that a ketogenic diet can constructively supplement the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy in children and aid the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Regarding diseases associated with oxidative stress and inflammation, the reviewed data indicates that KD could be of use. However, KD is not recommended to be routinely ordered before further studies have substantiated and observable effect.
Supplemental resources for "Designing Arduino Instruction for Novice Agriculture Students: Effects on Interest, Self-Efficacy, and Knowledge"
Authors: Johnson Donald
Published: November 2022

Lesson, activity, and instruments used in the study of novice Arduino users in a college of agriculture.
Detection of Persimmon Posture by a Convolutional Neural Network for Fully Automating the Peeling Process
Authors: Kaizu Yutaka , Miyanishi Yotaro , Todoriki Yuya , Furuhashi Kenichi , Imou Kenji
Published: November 2022

Highlights

Robots have been developed for fully automated peeling, which is the main operation in the production of dried persimmons.

Vision sensors were used to pick and place persimmons that were originally placed in random orientations.

A convolutional neural network was used for fast and robust detection.

The roots of peduncles and positions of fruits were detected with high accuracy.

Abstract. The manufacturing process of dried persimmons includes peeling, drying, and finishing. Although a considerable part of this process is mechanized, manual labor is still required. The purpose of this study is to develop a robot machine vision system for placing persimmons onto a suction cup in a peeling machine to fully automate the peeling process. This article describes a method for detecting the position of the center of an entire persimmon fruit and the root of the peduncle in a two-dimensional image as a preliminary step to estimating the three-dimensional position and orientation of the persimmon, which is required for pick-and-place operations by a robot manipulator. A convolutional neural network (CNN) was used to ensure robust detection regardless of variations in the persimmon shape and surface color. The position of the fruit and the position of the peduncle root were detected with accuracies of 1.0 mm and 2.0 mm, respectively, when the calyx of the persimmon was facing sideways at the time of picking, and the directional accuracy was 3.2°. When placing the persimmon with the calyx facing up, the accuracies of the fruit position and the position of the peduncle root were 0.8 mm and 0.8 mm, respectively. The peduncle root position was detectable even if the peduncle was hidden by the calyx. The main contribution of this article is to confirm that a CNN can detect the center of a persimmon and the root of the peduncle with sufficient speed and accuracy for practical use, which is difficult to achieve with conventional image processing methods due to the variable shape and color of persimmons. Keywords: Automatic peeling machine, Calyx, Dried persimmon, Peduncle, Serial robot, YOLOv3.
A Sensor Fusion-Based Cutting Device Attitude Control to Improve the Accuracy of Korean Cabbage Harvesting
Authors: Park Yonghyun , Son Hyoung Il
Published: November 2022

Highlights

Developed the attitude control system of the cutting device to improve the accuracy of Korean cabbage harvesting.

The cutting device provides attitude control, allowing precise harvesting.

The attitude control algorithm was designed based on sensor fusion.

Field experiments were conducted to compare attitude maintenance and harvest success rates as the attitude control system of cutting device was with/without.

Abstract. Harvesting Korean cabbage requires precise cutting since the cutting method determines its quality. However, Korean cabbage fields have uneven surfaces and severe slopes, making it challenging to automatically harvest the crops. This unstructured environment hindered precise cutting, delaying the commercialization of the Korean cabbage harvester. Therefore, we designed an attitude control system for the cutting machine to improve the accuracy of cabbage harvesting. The proposed system controls the cutting level, angle, and height according to the field to improve the harvest performance. This study applied the Kalman filter-based sensor fusion to measure the cutting angle and height for pose estimation and attitude control. The attitude of the cutting device is estimated even in soil and mud by fusing a gyroscope, accelerometer, and linear potentiometer. Subsequently, the attitude is controlled by two hydraulic cylinders so that the cutting machine has the desired cutting angle and height. For the validation of the attitude control, the root mean square error (RMSE) of the cutting angle and height was calculated through experiments in a sloped environment. As a result, the proposed system reduced the RMSE for the cutting angle and height by 92% and 72%, respectively. Furthermore, field tests were performed on farmland with a Korean cabbage harvester to evaluate the harvesting performance of the attitude control system. The harvesting performance was quantitatively computed by scoring the cutting surface of the cabbage, and the performance improved from 56 to 89 points when the attitude control was applied to the cutting machine. Keywords: Attitude control, Automatic cabbage harvesting, Kalman filter, Korean cabbage harvester, Sensor fusion.
Design, Fabrication, and Experimental Investigation of Screw Auger Type Feed Mechanism for a Robotic Wheat Drill
Authors: Badgujar Chetan M. , Wu Hui , Flippo Daniel , Brokesh Edwin
Published: November 2022

Highlights

An auger-type feed mechanism was designed for a robotic wheat drill, and a laboratory investigation was carried out.

To avoid seed blockage, the recommended screw auger pitch must be at least 150% of the maximum seed dimension.

The performance of the feed mechanism was influenced by auger speed, vibration, and slope.

This study delivered a bulk feed mechanism for wheat drilling, which can be easily scaled and adopted by small autonomous vehicles or mobile robots.

Abstract. Cultivating the arable, highly sloped hills and uneven terrain is challenging and unsafe with large agricultural machines. Therefore, a fleet of small autonomous ground vehicles (AGVs) was proposed to farm sloped or uneven terrain. The fleets need a robotic grain drill to operate on varying slopes, and the success of the fleet depends on the performance of the robotic seeder or grain drill. The feed mechanism is the heart of the seeder, and its design and performance influence the plant population and crop yield. In this study, we designed and fabricated an auger-type feed mechanism for robotic wheat drilling. Feed mechanisms with augers having three different pitches were developed as per the ASABE standards. The developed feed mechanism was investigated in a laboratory setup for flow rate and flow uniformity in accordance with ISO standards. The predictor variables were auger type (pitch), auger rotational speed, vibration, and slope. The auger flow rate for flat slopes was a linear function of auger speed and varied from 30 g/min to 170 g/min. The coefficient of variation (CV) for the flow rate ranged from 2% to 10%. The CV was within acceptable limits, which was an excellent indicator of the bulk feed mechanism's flow uniformity. The performance of the feed mechanism was influenced by vibration and slope. However, the auger flow rate remained constant for vibration frequencies of 0, 6, and 14 Hz, suggesting that the feed mechanism was vibration-proof and could tolerate the vibration frequency up to 14 Hz. The flat, downhill (descending), and uphill (ascending) slope levels did not affect the feed mechanism performance. However, the side slopes (right and left slope) significantly affected the feed mechanism flow rate but did not affect the flow uniformity. The study also developed a feed mechanism for a sloped-ground prototype seeder, which can be easily scaled and adopted by small autonomous vehicles or mobile robots. Keywords: Flow rate, Flow uniformity, Multi-robot, Robotic seed drill, Screw auger, Seed rate.
Influence of land cover types on soil quality and carbon storage in Moramo Education Estate, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: ALAM SYAMSU , GINTING SAHTA , HEMON M. TUFAILA , LEOMO SITTI , KILOWASID LAODE MUHAMMAD HARJONI , KARIM JUFRI KARIM , NUGROHO YUSANTO , MATATULA JERIELS , WIRABUANA PANDU YUDHA ADI PUTRA
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Alam S, Ginting S, Hemon MT, Leomo S, Kilowasid LMH, Karim J, Nugroho Y, Matatula J, Wirabuana PYAP. 2022. Influence of land cover types on soil quality and carbon storage in Moramo Education Estate, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4371-4376. This study investigated the influence of different land cover types on soil quality and carbon storage in Moramo Education Estate (MEE). Information is required as fundamental consideration to determine the best landscape management strategies for supporting soil conservation and climate change mitigation. Data were collected from three types of land cover generally found in this area, including forests, shrubs, and savannas. Three permanent sampling plots were randomly placed in every land cover as replicates with a size of 20 m × 20 m. Six parameters were used to describe the soil quality, i.e., soil acidity, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, and cation exchange capacity. The above and belowground carbon storage from every plot was quantified. The soil quality and carbon storage among land cover types were compared using analysis of variance and Tukey’s honestly significant difference. Pearson’s correlation analysis was also applied to evaluate the relationship between soil quality and carbon storage. The results show that soil quality significantly differed in the exchangeable potassium and cation exchange capacity. A similar trend was also demonstrated in aboveground carbon storage. The highest average carbon storage was recorded in forests (150.50 ± 27.79 t ha?1), followed by shrubs (52.50 ± 15.02 t ha?1) and savannas (45.97 ± 4.42 t ha?1). The total carbon storage at different land covers was significantly correlated to soil acidity, available phosphorus, and cation exchange capacity. Carbon storage improved with the increased available phosphorus and cation exchange capacity. In contrast, carbon storage was negatively correlated with soil acidity. Overall, the land cover types significantly influenced soil quality and carbon storage in MEE.
Species determination and heavy metal content of sailfin catfish (Pterygoplichthys pardalis) from Tempe Lake, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Kasmiati Kasmiati , Latuconsina Nursakinah , Putri Andi athifah , Khasanah Rahmatul , Nurfaidah Nurfaidah , Fahrul Fahrul , Syahrul Syahrul , Minanga Metusalach
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Kasmiati, Latuconsina N, Putri AA, Khasanah R, Nurfaidah, Fahrul, Syahrul, Metusalach. 2022. Species determination and heavy metal content of sailfin catfish (Pterygoplichthys pardalis) from Tempe Lake, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4409-4417. Sailfin catfish is invasive alien species that has become dominant in Indonesian freshwater, including in Tempe Lake, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Despite their abundance, these sailfin catfish are not utilized because of suspicions that they are contaminated by heavy metals that can endanger human health. The purposes of this study were to determine the sailfin catfish species present in Tempe Lake and measure the content of heavy metals Hg, Pb, and Cd in various body parts. Fish species were identified based on abdominal patterns, while heavy metal content was meaured by atomic absorption. The heaviest two body parts were the head (34.04%) and flesh (26.64%), heavy metal content detected in the liver (0.0402-0.0928 mg/kg), gut (0.0322-0.0671 mg/kg), gills (0.319-0.0865 mg/kg), dark meat (0.0268-0.0589 mg/kg), white meat (0.0221-0.0470 mg/kg), bones (0.0180-0.0519 mg/kg), and skin/scales (0.0257-0.0675 mg/kg). All of them were below the FAO/WHO 1989, US-EPA 1999, and the Indonesian National Standards. The government health and safety guidelines for fish to be safe for human consumption were Hg <0.005 mg/kg, Pb<0.10 mg/kg and Cd<0.02 mg/kg. Therefore the abundant sailfin catfish Pterygoplichthys pardalis in Tempe Lake could be consumed directly and as ingredients in other food products.
Characterization of lactic acid bacteria from buffalo dairy product (dadiah) as potential probiotics
Authors: ARITONANG SALAM N. , ROZA ELLY , YETMANELI YETMANELI , SANDRA AFRIANI , RIZQAN RIZQAN
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Aritonang SN, Roza E, Yetmaneli, Sandra A, Rizqan. 2022. Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Buffalo Dairy Product (Dadiah) as Potential Probiotics. Biodiversitas 23: 4418-4423. Dadiah is one of fermented milk from West Sumatra which made from buffalo milk. These product made traditionally by pouring fresh buffalo milk into a bamboo stick covered with banana leaves and fermenting at room temperature for two days. The study's objective was to isolate and identify Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) from dadiah as candidates for probiotics. The factors that are considered are LAB Characterization, Biochemical and Microscopic Characterization of LAB Isolate, Bacterial Resistance in Acidic conditions, Bile Salts Resistance, and Antimicrobial Activity. Furthermore the isolate identify by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using 16S rRNA. Samples of dadiah were collected from five farmers in Tanjung Bonai Village, North Lintau Buo Regency, Tanah Datar District, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Observations were made in four replications, and the data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The total colony of lactic acid bacteria from dadiah was 7x108-23x108 CFU/mL. LAB isolates from dadiah were classified as Gram-positive bacilli. The isolates are resistant to acidic conditions and bile salts and have inhibitory activity against pathogenic bacteria. Identifying the selected isolate using the 16S rRNA showed that the isolate had similarities with Lactobacillus casei strain HDS-01. It can be concluded that dadiah used in this study is as a probiotic food.
Analysis of the relationship between the ENSO phenomenon, Net Primary Productivity and catches of yellowfin tuna in Sibolga Waters, Indonesia
Authors: FADHILAH AMANATUL , LEIDONALD RUSDI , SUSETYA IPANNA ENGGAR , DEWINTA ASTRID FAUZIA
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Fadhilah A, Leidonald R, Susetya IE, Dewinta AF. 2022. Analysis of the relationship between the ENSO phenomenon, Net Primary Productivity and catches of yellowfin tuna in Sibolga Waters, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4440-4447. The eastern Indian Ocean includes the western seas off of North Sumatra. They have a high potential for catching fish, which is a measure of their degree of primary production. Numerous factors, including oceanic conditions and the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomena, frequently have an impact on its potential. Additionally, ENSO has an influence on the availability of nutrients that generate chlorophyll, a component of primary production, as well as water mass. It is also responsible for anomalies of sea surface temperature (SST) that occur in the Pacific Ocean. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of the ENSO phenomenon on primary productivity as well as the abundance of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) in the western waters of North Sumatra. Data were obtained from the Aqua MODIS level 3 satellite for analysis of net primary productivity (NPP) using various parameters, namely Vertically Generalized Production Model (VGPM), Ocean Niño Index (ONI), yellowfin tuna catch, winds from ERDDAP, and currents from AVISO. Its relationship with the abundance of yellowfin tuna, and ENSO was then determined using the Pearson correlation. The VGPM calculation showed that NPP for 2016-2020 ranged from 275.169 mgC/m2 to 994.898 mgC/m2. The study also revealed that the ENSO phenomenon has a weak relationship with primary productivity and the abundance of yellowfin tuna with correlation values of 0.262 and -0.191, respectively.
Biodiversity monitoring as a baseline for PROPER biodiversity protection program of PT. Geo Dipa Energi Dieng, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: HADISUSANTO SUWARNO , PURNOMO PURNOMO , TRIJOKO TRIJOKO , REZA AKBAR , EPRILURAHMAN RURY , YUDHA DONAN SATRIA , SUDIBYO PURNO , ASTI HASTIN AMBAR , FAUZY NOORMAN HENDRY , PRANOTO FX SUGIYO , PRIYONO DWI SENDI , MUFTI FARADLINA , RABBANI ANNAS , PUTRI DWINDA MARISKA , SYAMSUMIN SYAMSUMIN , TAMPUBOLON ARON PANGIHUTAN CHRISTIAN , ABDULLAH FAQIH NUR
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Hadisusanto S, Purnomo, Trijoko, Reza A, Eprilurahman R, Yudha DS, Sudibyo P, Asti HA, Fauzy NH, Pranoto FS, Priyono DS, Mufti S, Rabbani A, Putri DM, Syamsumin, Tampubolon APC, Abdullah FN. 2022. Biodiversity monitoring as a baseline for PROPER biodiversity protection program of PT. Geo Dipa Energi Dieng, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4466-4472. Anthropogenic activities drove an unprecedented rate of land-use change in the last century. Corporate is one of the most highlighted sectors due to the extent of the impact on the environment. Therefore, PROPER (Corporate Performance Rating Assessment for Environmental Program) was developed by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry as a safeguard to halt biodiversity loss due to corporate-related development in Indonesia. The present study analyzed the flora and fauna composition, structure, and trend in PT. Geo Dipa Energi Dieng well pad surrounding area from 2019-2021, as a critical part of the PROPER assessments. The study revealed that the study area was homogeneously dominated by shrubs-herbaceous plants, contributing to 60% of total species richness and abundance. Two dominant species were the introduced wild species Ageratina riparia and the cultivated plant Solanum tuberosum. Moreover, despite tree individual scarcity, the tree growth form was primarily constituted by introduced species with a mean abundance of 347 individuals, or 5-fold higher than native species. Acacia decurrens and Cupressus sempervirens, the introduced tree species planted during the rehabilitation program, dominated the area. The homogeneous floristic composition led to a homogenization of the fauna community, particularly birds, dominated by cosmopolitan insectivorous species. NMDS analysis and Shannon-Diversity Index also revealed that the pattern and trend among sites and years were similar, and there was an insignificant change, showing the urgency of the long-term revegetation programs to rehabilitate the ecosystem. Moreover, the presence of protected species in the study area showed that ecosystem rehabilitation is critical.
Diversity and distribution of liverworts in Mount Sibuatan, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: SUSILO FERDINAND , PASARIBU NURSAHARA , SYAMSUARDI SYAMSUARDI , SIREGAR ETTI SARTINA
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Susilo F, Pasaribu N, Syamsuardi, Siregar ES. 2022. Diversity and distribution of liverworts in Mount Sibuatan, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4539-4548. Due to a lack of research and publication, information about the presence of liverworts in North Sumatra and the island of Sumatra is still lacking. Therefore, Sumatran liverworts, especially in North Sumatra, are less well known than those in Java and other areas of Malesia. This research was conducted at Mount Sibuatan, North Sumatra, to analyze the diversity and distribution of liverwort species in this area. A survey along the hiking trail from an altitude of 1500 m to 2500 m was used as the collection method. Sampling was conducted at 60 points on the hiking trail, 100 meters from each end. Eighty-three species of liverworts were recorded from Mount Sibuatan, belonging to 23 genera and eight families. Two species were new records for Sumatra, namely Drepanolejeunea pentadactyla and Radula verrucosa. The largest family was Lejeuneaceae (12 genera and 26 species), contributing to 31% of the total species. Another dominant species from the collection was Bazzania tridens, with 121 individuals. Mount Sibuatan Liverworts were found on various substrates, and most of them grew on trunks or branches of trees, the ground, rotting logs, and living leaves. The liverworts were distributed from altitudes of 1531 to 2454 m. Twenty-eight species were identified in various elevations, from lower to upper montane forests. Furthermore, fifty-four species were confined to the lower montane forest (1200-2100 m), and one was restricted to the upper montane forest (2100-3000 m). The findings revealed that the montane forest of Mount Sibuatan is teeming with hitherto unknown liverworts.
Suitability habitat model of Mangifera rufocostata under different climatic and environmental conditions
Authors: FITRIANI ADISTINA , ARIFIN YUDI F. , HATTA GUSTI M. , WAHDAH RAIHANI , PAYUNG DAMARIS
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Fitriani A, Arifin YF, Hatta GM, Wahdah R, Payung D. 2022. Suitability habitat model of Mangifera rufocostata under different climatic and environmental conditions. Biodiversitas 23: 4570-4577. Mangifera rufocostata Kosterm is known as a medicinal plant for antidiabetic. Therefore, intensive use of the bark of this plant results in a significant decline in the plant population which can eventually cause the plant to become extinct. This study aimed to determine the potentially suitable cultivation region of M. rufocostata using Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) modelling. Twenty-three environmental variables including bioclimatic, soil type, slope, altitude, and solar radiation have been used for the development of distribution modeling. The results showed that precipitation seasonality, precipitation, mean temperature, and solar radiation are important variables in the development of the habitat suitability model. Suitable habitat locations for M. rufocostata include the Hulu Sungai Tengah, Hulu Sungai Selatan and Hulu Sungai Utara Regency, South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. The MaxEnt model provided an area under curve (AUC) value of 0.959, indicating that MaxEnt is accurate and informative for the prediction of habitat suitability of M. rufocostata. The results indicate that this suitability prediction model may be applied used for future management, monitoring, cultivation and conservation of M. rufocostata.
Two new species of Curcuma subgenus Ecomata (Zingiberaceae: Zingibereae), from Central and Southwestern Thailand
Authors: SAENSOUK PIYAPORN , BOONMA THAWATPHONG , RAKARCHA SARAYUT , MAKNOI CHARAN , WONGNAK MATHEE , SAENSOUK SURAPON
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Saensouk P, Boonma T, Rakarcha S, Maknoi C, Wongnak M, Saensouk S. 2022. Two new species of Curcuma subgenus Ecomata (Zingiberaceae: Zingibereae), from Central and Southwestern Thailand. Biodiversitas 23: 4578-4588. Two new species of Curcuma L. are described. The first species, Curcuma suphanensis P. Saensouk, Boonma, Rakarcha, Maknoi, Wongnak & S. Saensouk sp. nov. was found in Suphan Buri province, Central Thailand, and the second species namely C. rosea P. Saensouk, S. Saensouk & Boonma sp. nov. was found in Uthai Thani province, Southwestern Thailand. Both species fall into the subgenus Ecomata because of the lack of conspicuous coma bract, and the presence of epigynous glands. This brings the number of species in this subgenus worldwide to 37 species. Living specimens and spirit specimens of both new species were collected from their natural habitats, morphological attributes measured, and compared to all existing species. Neither species match any previously-described species, therefore, both of them are new species to science. The first was named Curcuma suphanensis based on its province of origin (Suphan Buri Province), and the second species was named Curcuma rosea, on account of its pinkish bracts. Morphological descriptions along with their illustrations, notes on their ecology, etymology, and distributions, are presented along with a revised key to species of Curcuma subgenus Ecomata worldwide to facilitate identification.
Estimation of carbon pool at mangrove forest of Kudat, Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: HATTA SYAHRIR MHD , SALLEH EJRIA , SUHAILI NURUL SYAKILAH , BESAR NORMAH AWANG
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Hatta SM, Salleh E, Suhaili NS, Besar NA. 2022. Estimation of carbon pool at mangrove forest of Kudat, Sabah, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 23: 4601-4608. Mangroves play a significant role in reducing tropical carbon emissions and preventing climate change. This study was carried out in Kudat's Tun Mustapha Park mangrove forest. This research aims to quantify the aboveground, belowground, and soil carbon pools. Nine 125-meter-long transect lines were set up, and every 25 meters, a 7-meter-diameter circle was placed. A forest inventory was conducted to determine the diameter at the breast height of standing trees. For soil analysis and bulk density, soil samples were collected at four different depths (0-15 cm, 15-30 cm, 30-50 cm, and 50-100 cm). An ICP-OES analyzer was used to determine the value of soil nutrients, and a CHNS analyzer was used to determine the soil carbon concentration. The aboveground and belowground biomass was calculated using the allometric equation, and the carbon stock was estimated at 50% of the total biomass. The outcome showed a 455.87 MgCha-1 total carbon pool. The soil carbon has the highest value with 273.76 MgCha-1, followed by aboveground carbon (living trees) with 136.58 MgCha-1 and belowground carbon (roots) with 45.53 MgCha-1. This study found that soil carbon stock made up almost 60% of the total carbon stock in the mangrove forest.
Pollen morphological characters variation among species of Strobilanthes s.l. from Sumatra, Indonesia and its taxonomic implications
Authors: SURATMAN SURATMAN , SURANTO SURANTO , MUZZAZINAH MUZZAZINAH , PURNOMO PURNOMO
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Suratman, Suranto, Muzzazinah, Purnomo. 2022. Pollen morphological characters variation among species of Strobilanthes s.l. from Sumatra, Indonesia and its taxonomic implications. Biodiversitas 23: 4636-4648. The objective of this study was to evaluate pollen morphological characters variation and its taxonomic value among species of Strobilanthes s.l. from Sumatra. A total of 32 species from four genera previously recognized within the subtribe Strobilanthineae were used for pollen morphology observations using Light Microscope (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). A total of ten pollen morphological characters (both quantitative and qualitative) were observed in this study. In general, a great variation occurs in the majority of investigated pollen morphological characters. A similarity dendrogram among species of Strobilanthes s.l. based on pollen morphological character data revealed two major clusters. Cluster I consist of 25 species that differed from species in Cluster II in having pollen type I, pollen type II and pollen type III with a similarity coefficient of 0.61. Cluster II consists of seven species and has pollen type IV, pollen type V, pollen type VI and pollen type VII with a similarity coefficient of 0.46. An identification key to the species of Strobilanthes s.l. based on pollen morphology is also established for easy discrimination of the investigated taxa. This study revealed that pollen morphology was taxonomically useful character for identification and taxa delimitation of Strobilanthes s.l., especially at the species level. The results of this study also support earlier works through molecular studies, statistical analysis, gross morphology observations and leaf anatomy studies that all segregate genera of the subtribe Strobilanthinae should be merged under a single and well-defined genus as Strobilanthes s.l.
Non-edible plants traded in traditional markets of Beringharjo, Yogyakarta and Pasar Baru, East Kalimantan, Indonesia: The role of biocultural system
Authors: ISKANDAR BUDIAWATI SUPANGKAT , ISKANDAR JOHAN , SUROSO SUROSO , ALFIAN RAHMAN LATIF , MULYANTO DEDE
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Iskandar BS, Iskandar J, Suroso, Alfian RL, Mulyanto D. 2022. Non-edible plants traded in traditional markets of Beringharjo, Yogyakarta and Pasar Baru, East Kalimantan, Indonesia: The role of biocultural system. Biodiversitas 23: 4657-4669. The trade of various non-edible plants in some traditional Indonesian markets has a close relationship with the biological and cultural diversity, as well as local knowledge of the community. Therefore, this study aims to examine the non-edible plant diversity used to make products sold in traditional markets, their various functions and parts, as well as the market chain. The study was conducted in Beringharjo, Yogyakarta, and Pasar Baru, Balikpapan, East Kalimantan to resemble regions with different cultural backgrounds. Data collection used the qualitative method with an ethnobotanical approach. The results showed that 25 species belonging to 16 families of non-edible plants were traded in the traditional markets of Beringharjo and Pasar Baru. The various parts being traded in both markets had numerous functions, including pilgrimage ceremonies at the cemetery, handicraft/decoration, and betel chewing. The market chain begins with farmers from villages, middlemen, traders in the traditional market, and then finally to consumers. The diversity of non-edible plants traded was determined by the biophysical and cultural aspects of the local community where the market is located. Therefore, traditional markets play an important role as hallmarks of a particular social culture by reproducing on a small scale the cultural and biological diversity. They are also essential in the acquisition and transmission of traditional knowledge of biodiversity.
Short Communication: Taxonomic status of Great Argus (Argusianus argus) Sumatra and Borneo based on cytochrome B gene
Authors: Ericca Cynthia , Tjong Djong Hon , Roesma Dewi Imelda , NOVARINO WILSON , SYAIFULLAH SYAIFULLAH , JANRA MUHAMMAD NAZRI , AADREAN AADREAN
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Ericca C, Tjong DH, Roesma DI, Novarino W, Syafullah, Janra MN, Aandrean. 2022. Short Communication: Taxonomic status of Great Argus (Argusianus argus) Sumatra and Borneo based on cytochrome B gene. Biodiversitas 23: 4670-4676. Great Argus (Argusianus argus) belongs to the bird family Phasianidae. Currently, there are two Great Argus subspecies: A. argus argus in Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula, and A. argus grayi in Borneo. Therefore, this study aims to determine the taxonomic status of Great Argus across its distribution region. Phylogenetic relationships between two Great Argus subspecies were inferred in this study using the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. DNA was isolated, amplified, and sequenced from the feathers of Great Argus sampled from Kinantan Wildlife and Cultural Park, Bukittinggi, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Phylogenetic relationships were analyzed with Maximum Likelihood methods. The phylogenetic trees show monophyletic relationships between Sumatran Great Argus subspecies. Analysis result shows that Bornean Great Argus has a 3.26-3.80% genetic distance from the Sumatran Great Argus based on analysis using the 789 bp of cyt b gene. Based on the result, it also refers that Bornean Great Argus and Crested Argus (Rheinardia ocellata), have a close relationship, indicated by low genetic distances (5.87-6.73%). This study suggests that Bornean Great Argus is genetically different from Sumatran Great Argus.
The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) attack and its genetic diversity on rice in Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Listihani Listihani , Ariati Putu Eka Pasmidi , Yuniti ‪I Gusti Ayu Diah , Selangga ‪Dewa Gede Wiryangga
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Listihani L, Ariati PEP, Yuniti IGAD, Selangga DGW. 2022. The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) attack and its genetic diversity on rice in Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4696-4704. The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) is an important pest on rice crops in Indonesia. The genetic diversity of BPH isolates in western Indonesia has been extensively reported, whereas eastern Indonesia isolates have not been reported. This research aims to analyze genetic diversity and evaluate the BPH attack's intensity on Bali rice plants. The research method used was an observation of attack percentage, population dynamics, attack intensity, and genetic diversity of BPH in 9 districts in Bali (Badung, Gianyar, Klungkung, Bangli, Karangasem, Tabanan, Denpasar City, Buleleng, and Jembrana). Molecular identification was carried out on N. lugens DNA in the mtCOI fragment. BPH attacks of >50% were found in the districts of Gianyar, Bangli, Jembrana, and Badung. The BPH population was primarily found in Ciherang and IR-64 varieties of rice in the Badung Regency, with 43.67 BPH per rice hill. In general, rice varieties grown in all observation locations were susceptible to BPH, such as Ciherang, IR-64, Inpari 32, and Situbagendit. In the Ciherang and IR-64 varieties, the highest attack intensity average value reached 30%. The sequence of N. lugens isolate from Bali Jembrana showed the highest nucleotide and amino acid homology with N. lugens isolate FSD-034 from Pakistan (MK301229) biotype Y of 99.5 -99.74% and 100%, respectively. This study found N. lugens biotype Y in rice plants for the first time in Indonesia. This study reported that Rice varieties Situbagendit and Inpari 32, previously resistant to BPH, are reported as susceptible to BPH.
Photoperiod effect on vegetative growth and bulbing initiation of four garlic genotypes
Authors: KENDARINI NIKEN , AISYAH SYARIFAH IIS , MAHARIJAYA AWANG , SOBIR SOBIR
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Kendarini N, Aisyah SI, Maharijaya A, Sobir. 2022. Photoperiod effect on vegetative growth and bulbing initiation of four garlic genotypes. Biodiversitas 23: 4716-4723. The main factors influencing garlic growth and development were genetics, photoperiod, and temperature. Low temperature and short photoperiod were required for initial growth, followed by a long photoperiod and high temperature for bulbing and bolting. The study was conducted to evaluate the response of garlic genotypes to photoperiod on the vegetative growth and bulbing initiation, and physiological traits (C/N ratio, GA, and total chlorophyll content). Four garlic genotypes used in this experiment consisted of two Chinese garlic genotypes (hardneck and softneck) and two local garlic cultivars (Sangga Sembalun and Tawangmangu Baru). The garlic plants were subjected to the treatment of short photoperiod (control) and long photoperiod (night break and extension methods). The results showed that the Chinese hardneck and softneck had plant vegetative growth with a higher vigor than Sangga Sembalun and Tawangmangu Baru in all photoperiod treatments. Sangga Sembalun and Tawangmangu Baru had bulbing index below 0.3 in all photoperiods. The Chinese hardneck and softneck genotypes had bulbing index greater than 0.5 in all photoperiod treatments, except the hardneck in the night break treatment. The bulbing initiation in Chinese garlic genotypes was delayed in long photoperiod treatments. High temperature during the experiment affected bulbing initiation in long photoperiod treatment. The garlic genotypes had different responses to photoperiod treatments in C/N ratio, GA, and total chlorophyll content. The vegetative growth increased under extension treatment, and night break accelerated bulb formation. Long photoperiod increased C content and C/N ratio in the leaves while it decreased N content and photosynthetic pigment content. The late maturity time (Chinese hardneck and Chinese softneck) depended on long photoperiods for the bulbing formation. In contrast, local garlic cultivars with the early and mid-season types (Sangga Sembalun and Tawangmangu Baru) were insensitive to photoperiod.
Genetic diversity analysis and phylogeography of Osteochilus spilurus (Cyprinidae: Labeoninae) from Bangka, Belitung, and Kalimantan Islands using Cytochrome b gene
Authors: Kurniawan Ardiansyah , Kurniawan Andi , Hariati Anik Martinah , Kurniawan Nia , Nugroho Teguh W , Bidayani Endang , Syarif Ahmad F , Wiadnya Dewa Gede Raka
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Kurniawan A, Hariati AM, Kurniawan A, Kurniawan N, Nugroho TW, Bidayani E, Syarif AF, wiadnya DGR. 2022. Genetic diversity analysis and phylogeography of Osteochilus spilurus (Cyprinidae: Labeoninae) from Bangka, Belitung, and Kalimantan Islands using Cytochrome b gene. Biodiversitas 23: 4738-4746. The Sundaland fish species, Osteochilus spilurus is only utilized commercially in the Belitung Islands and has yet to be domesticated. This species can characterize freshwater fish phylogeography because have a minimum of human influence. This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity and phylogeography of O. spilurus from the Bangka, Belitung, and Kalimantan Islands using Cytochrome b gene. Twenty fish samples were collected from the Sebangau and Kapuas Rivers in Kalimantan, the Lenggang River in Belitung Island, and the Lebak River in Bangka Island. Forward LA-cyp and reverse HA-cyp primers were used for amplification Cytochrome b gene. Mega 10.0 applications were used to construct of the phylogenetic tree. The phylogeographic analysis uses a comparative phylogenetic tree approach with geographical history. The cytochrome b gene showed variations in the nucleotides of O. spilurus from the three islands. Phylogeography of O. spilurus showed that there are two different clades with intraspecific variation according to a geographic area with bootstrap values of 99-100%. One clade contains fish samples from Bangka and Belitung islands, while the other clade comes from Kalimantan island. The formation of the Karimata Strait (between Bangka-Belitung and Kalimantan Islands) and the pattern of paleo rivers are predicted to influence the disparity.
Short Communication: Invasive mollusks Melanoides tuberculata, and Achatina fulica in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: PURNAMA MUHAMMAD FAJAR , Salwiyah Salwiyah
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Purnama MF, Salwiyah. 2022. Short Communication: Invasive mollusks Melanoides tuberculata, and Achatina fulica in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4770-4774. Southeast Sulawesi Province has natural/artificial inland waters for various usages. For example, freshwater has supported various activities such as agriculture, plantations, inland fisheries, and ecotourism. This study reports the presence of invasive mollusk in freshwater (Melanoides tuberculata) and terrestrial (Achatina fulica) habitats. This study is the first report regarding the spatial distribution of the three invasive mollusk species in the inland waters of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. All administrative areas (17 districts/cities) in Southeast Sulawesi province were invaded by A. fulica and 16 districts/cities by M. tuberculata. These invasive mollusks species are a severe threat to the preservation of native species and human health because they are an intermediate host for several types of parasites, such as the trematode group. The spreading and rapid development of these invasive mollusks is caused by their reproductive ability and resistance to poor environmental quality and airborne dispersal factors by birds, water flow, and commercial activities. This invasive species can directly cause huge economic losses as they become a pest in agricultural activities, plantations, and freshwater fisheries (aquaculture). They also can transmit pathogens and displacement of native species. Therefore, it is recommended to have a preventive effort to tackle the expansion of IAS in Southeast Sulawesi.
Morphological investigation of intestine structure of the Sunda Porcupine (Hystrix javanica)
Authors: Yuliastuti Yuliastuti , Prawira Andhika Yudha , Wahid Muhammad Risman , Nisa' Chairun , Agungpriyono Srihadi
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Yuliastuti, Prawira AY, Wahid ME, Nisa’ C, Agungpriyono S. 2022. Morphological investigation of intestine structure of the Sunda Porcupine (Hystrix javanica). Biodiversitas 23: 4793-4799. The intestine is an important part of the digestive system, which plays a role in the enzymatic process of food and the absorption of nutrients for survival. Sunda porcupine is one of the wild and protected animals in Indonesia and belongs to the group of rodents that have hindgut fermenter characteristics. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the intestine structure of the Sunda porcupine as an important part of the digestive system. Three adults of Sunda porcupine were euthanized in accordance with ethical approval of the Animal Care and Use Committee (ACUC) of IPB University (No. 92-2018 IPB). Gross anatomy of the macrostructure and length of the intestine, as well as histology features, such as general structure and carbohydrate content using PAS and AB pH 2.5 staining method, were observed. The organ consisted of the small and large intestine, with the duodenal ampulla and large caecum as the prominent structure. In this study, body weight and length correlated positively to intestinal length. The histological observation showed the presence of Brunner’s gland in the duodenum and it has the highest villi compared to others, while villi was absent in the large intestine. Furthermore, the small intestine exhibited various intensities with PAS and AB stain, while the large intestine had strong intensity in the goblet cell. Brunner gland in duodenum demonstrated the moderate intensity of PAS stain compared to the goblet cell in the mucosa. This study provides information about the intestine structure of Sunda porcupine as the herbivore and hindgut fermenter
The method of forest change detection using Sentinel-2 optical satellite imagery and Sentinel-1 radar imagery: A case study in Dak Nong Province, Vietnam
Authors: BAO TRAN QUANG , THI NGUYEN VAN , DOANH LE SY , DUAN PHAM VAN , KHANG LA NGUYEN , CUONG NGUYEN TRONG , HIEU BUI TRUNG , MAI DAO THI THANH , TUYEN DINH VAN
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Bao TQ, Thi NV, Doanh LS, Duan PV, Khang LN, Cuong NT, Hieu BT, Mai DTT, Tuyen DV. 2022. The method of forest change detection using Sentinel-2 optical satellite imagery and Sentinel-1 radar imagery: A case study in Dak Nong Province, Vietnam. Biodiversitas 23: 4800-4809. This study presents the findings of forest change detection in Dak Nong Province, Vietnam by combining the NDVI of Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and the backscatter (BKS) values of VH and VV polarizations from the first quarter of 2020 to the first quarter of 2021 and using the combination model of BKS and NDVI (CMB) to determine the NDVI and Backscatter Change Index (NBCI) between the two periods, which were processed and analyzed in Google Earth Engine. The verification results on 270 samples for all 3 indices show that the results of forest loss detection using NBCI index, NDVI index, and BKS index reach 93.3%, 83.3% and 73.3%, respectively; the results of identifying the areas with no forest change using NBCI index, NDVI index, and BKS index achieve 97.8%, 92.2% and 83.3%, respectively; the results of forest increase detection using NBCI index, NDVI index, and BKS index reach 90.0%, 85.6% and 68.9%, respectively. The NBCI index for Dak Nong Province indicated that during the study period, the the province lost 1,198.9 hectares forest area, whereas it gained 871.3 hectares of the same.