bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AAP Pediatric Coding Newsletter™ January 2019 Quiz (Online Exclusive)
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Quiz for AAPC Continuing Education Units
Coding Compliance: Conducting Internal Audits
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Physician practices and all providers who bill to any government-funded payers are required to have a compliance plan. This article will focus on how to plan for and conduct internal auditing of documentation and coding.
Planning Chart Audits
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

The internal monitoring and auditing that are a key part of a good compliance program often uncover areas where revenue is being lost and inefficient processes can be refined to recover time and money. Small practices may need to be creative in utilizing current staff in multiple roles or outsourcing some portions of their compliance program.
AAP Pediatric Coding Newsletter™ February 2019 Quiz (Online Exclusive)
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Quiz for AAPC Continuing Education Units
Medicare Changes to Reduce Evaluation and Management Documentation Burden
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

In the final rule for changes to the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule for 2019, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services finalized changes to the documentation requirements for office and other outpatient evaluation and management services and for teaching physician documentation.
Coding Compliance Education: Standards and Procedures
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Achieving and maintaining good results of internal monitoring and auditing requires ongoing education.
Medicare 2019: Virtual Check-ins and Remote Evaluation of Video/Images
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services has adopted 2 Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System codes for reporting 2 remote patient services effective January 1, 2019: virtual check-ins and remote evaluation of video or images.
You Code It! Evaluation and Management With Preventive Counseling
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Can you correctly assign diagnosis and procedure codes to this scenario?
Subspecialty Coding News: Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Physicians and other qualified health care professionals who provide chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy services now have codes for reporting these services.
Immunization Administration: Answers to Common Questions
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

This article addresses lingering questions related to the basic CPT instructions for reporting immunization administration and related diagnosis codes.
You Code It! Cerumen Removal or Evaluation and Management?
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Can you correctly assign diagnosis and procedure codes to this scenario?
Know Health Plan Payment Policies to Avoid Lost Revenue
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Often, health plans establish payment policies that do not align with Current Procedural Terminology (CPT®) guidance and/or National Correct Coding Initiative (NCCI) edits. It's important to understand these policies to avoid lost revenue and unhappy patients.
Outpatient Management of Children With Complex Health Care Needs
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Children with complex medical histories and acute and/or chronic health conditions may present under different circumstances and with different needs than their peers. This article uses examples to illustrate scenarios and related coding options for capturing the work of caring for children with complex health care needs.
ICD-10-CM Fill in the Blanks: Hazards of Summer Fun Answers
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

The answer to this month’s You Code It! scenario is presented here.
Flu Season 2019–2020: Is Your Coding Prepared?
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

It’s once again time for patients and their families to receive their annual influenza vaccine. This article is filled with tips and information to keep in mind during the upcoming season.
You Code It! Answers: Focus on Medical Decision-making
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

The answer to this month's You Code It! scenario is presented here.
Coding for Neonatology
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Coding for neonates in the inpatient setting is a complicated undertaking that begins with a maternal/fetal consultation before the baby is even born. Knowing how to approach coding accurately will help avoid denials and audits.
Current Procedural Terminology® 2020 Updates: An Overview for Pediatricians
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

This issue provides an overview of some of the Current Procedural Terminology (CPT®) code changes that may affect reporting of pediatric services on and after January 1, 2020.
CPT® Update: Online Digital Evaluation and Management Services
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Current Procedural Terminology (CPT®) 2020 brings an update to reporting evaluation and management (E/M) services provided via Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)-compliant secure platforms.
You Code It! Answers: Asthma Care Management
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

The answer to this month's You Code It! scenario is presented here.
You Code It! Neonatal Critical Care
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Can you assign the appropriate procedure codes to this scenario?
Do You Have the Coding Resources You Need for 2020?
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

To confidently assign codes and answer pediatric coding questions, pediatricians can turn to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP).
Crossword Puzzle: In This Issue (Online Exclusive)
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Complete the crossword puzzle using terms found in this issue.
AAP Pediatric Coding Newsletter™ November 2019 Quiz (Online Exclusive)
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Quiz for AAPC Continuing Education Units
Chronic Care Management: Documenting a Plan of Care
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Many pediatricians struggle with implementing a program to provide and report chronic care management (CCM) as reported with codes 99487 and 99489–99491. This article provides clarity and tips.
2020 Updates: ICD-10-CM Guidelines
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Even pediatricians who don’t assign diagnosis codes will benefit from awareness of ICD-10-CM guidelines that help drive documentation to support code assignment most clearly reflecting the patient presentation and/or reasons for services.
ICD-10-CM Guidelines 2020: Associated Conditions
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

The interpretation of the terms with and in are unchanged in the 2020 International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) guidelines. However, it is good to revisit what the guidelines instruct for the words with and in.
AAP Pediatric Coding Newsletter™ December 2019 Quiz
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Quiz for AAPC Continuing Education Units
Beyond 2020: Office and Other Outpatient Evaluation and Management Coding
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Code changes that will not be effective until January 1, 2021, are of such significance to those pediatricians providing office and other outpatient evaluation and management (E/M) services that this issue of AAP Pediatric Coding Newsletter™ includes articles introducing these changes.
Office E/M 2021: The Why and How of Changes to Office and Other Outpatient Evaluation and Management Services
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

CPT 2021 will bring revised codes and guidelines for code selection for E/M services in the office and other outpatient settings.
Allergy Skin Testing: Codes, Unit Counts, and Tips for Reporting
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Allergy skin testing is often used to help identify and plan treatment of a patient’s allergies. Overarching instructions for coding allergy testing are described in this article.
You Code It! Travel Counseling
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Can you determine the correct codes for travel counseling provided at the same encounter as other services in these scenarios?
AAP Pediatric Coding Newsletter™ February 2020 Quiz (Online Exclusive)
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Quiz for AAPC Continuing Education Units
Office E/M 2021: An Overview of Time-Based Code Selection
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

In this article, we review the planned changes in how time is used in selecting office E/M codes, including prolonged office E/M services. These changes will be implemented for services provided on or after January 1, 2021.
Principal Care Management: New Codes for Single Disease Management Services
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

In November 2019, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) published a final rule that provided changes to the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule (MPFS) effective January 1, 2020. While few pediatric patients are covered by Medicare, Medicaid and other health plans may choose to adopt the Medicare changes.
Don’t Continue Leaving Money on the Table
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Capturing everything you do with appropriate coding is key in achieving and maintaining your practice's financial security. This article describes actions that can assist with complete documentation and coding for all the work performed at each patient encounter.
History Mix and Match Answers (Online Exclusive)
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Did you enter the correct answers for the History Mix and Match?
Office E/M 2021: Determining the Number and Complexity of Problems Addressed
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

In this article, we review the first of 3 elements of medical decision-making: the number and complexity of problems addressed.
2020 Medicare Rule Changes: A Preview of CPT Changes?
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Pediatricians who provide or are considering providing chronic and/or transitional care management should take note of recent changes, including several that were effective as of January 1, 2020.
You Code It! Answers: Integumentary Repair
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Did you assign the appropriate codes? Find out here.
Office E/M 2021: Determining the Data Element of Medical Decision-making
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

This article focuses on determining the amount and/or complexity of data to be reviewed and analyzed on the date of an office E/M service.
Modifier 25: Documenting and Reporting Significant, Separately Identifiable Services
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Modifier 25 indicates that a significant, separately identifiable evaluation and management (E/M) service was provided by the same physician or other qualified health care professional who is reporting a procedure or other service on the same day (even if at separate encounters on the same date).
Office E/M 2021: Determining the Level of Medical Decision-making
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

In 2021, MDM will be determined 1 of 2 ways (MDM or total physician time) to support code selection for office E/M services (99202–99205, 99212–99215).
Coding for Vaccines Not Administered
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Picture it: a patient and his or her parents consented to immunization, but after the vaccine was drawn up, the patient refused to receive the vaccine and the parents decide to bring the patient in another time for immunization. Sound familiar?
Coding Challenge: Name That Modifier!
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Modifiers are important for correct reporting of the context of how a service is related to another service and/or special circumstances that may affect payment for a service. Can you name the modifier used to report these common circumstances?
Office E/M 2021: Level 3 Visits
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

This article reviews example scenarios that might be reported with codes at level 3 of the office E/M services (99203 and 99213) for dates of service on and after January 1, 2021.
You Code It! Answers: Office E/M 2020 and 2021
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Check your answers to this month’s You Code It! scenarios.
ICD-10-CM 2020–2021: New and Revised Codes for Syndromes
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

The October 1, 2020, update to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification includes new codes for syndromes, diseases, and disorders.
Office E/M 2021: Level 4 Visits
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

This article provides information and examples of the changes that will be implemented for office and other outpatient evaluation and management (E/M) codes for services provided on or after January 1, 2021.
Care Management Services 2021
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

This article is a brief review of approved changes for the reporting of comprehensive care services on and after January 1, 2021.
Updates to Vaccine Codes
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

This article contains information on newly approved vaccine products for pediatric immunization as well as the codes for reporting them.
2021 Chronic Care Management: A Quick Reference
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Understanding the key differences in the services reported with each code for CCM services is important to correct coding and appropriate payment.
Did You Know? 99072
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Code 99072 requires clinical staff time beyond what is typical for an in-person, non-facility service.
Coding for Abnormalities in Fetal Growth
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

This article reviews codes used to indicate abnormalities that are identified before and after an infant's birth.
You Code It!
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Can you assign the appropriate diagnosis and procedure codes for the following service?
Did You Get Denials? ICD-10-CM for Neonatal Conditions
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

There is often confusion about correct use of codes for conditions that typically begin or occur at specific ages (eg, neonatal period).
AAP Pediatric Coding Newsletter™ December 2020 Quiz (Online Exclusive)
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Quiz for AAPC Continuing Education Units
Important: A Change Affecting Many Evaluation and Management Services
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

The advice in this article has not previously been included in publications by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Our editors have been advised that an order or review of tests that were performed and billed by the physician or other qualified health care professional are not counted in determination of the level of MDM.
2021 Relative Value Units for Pediatric Office Evaluation and Management Services
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

This article reviews 2021 key relative value unit (RVU) changes of interest to pediatricians.
Ready, Set, Code! Office Evaluation and Management Services 2021
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

January 1, 2021, brought about the biggest changes to code selection for office and other outpatient evaluation and management (E/M) services since the 1997 Documentation Guidelines for Evaluation and Management Services.
Online Exclusive! CPT® 2021: Establishing Effective Intracardiac Flow in Congenital Cardiac Anomalies
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Codes for atrial septectomy or septostomy have been deleted from Current Procedural Terminology (CPT®) in 2021. Do not report 92992 or 92993 for services on and after January 1, 2021.
Evaluation and Management Services and Place of Service Codes
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

While most pediatricians are familiar with procedure codes for evaluation and management (E/M) services, codes for the place of service can be equally important to appropriate payment. selection for office and other outpatient evaluation and management (E/M) services since the 1997 Documentation Guidelines for Evaluation and Management Services.
Subsequent Hospital Care: Patient Status Can Guide Code Selection
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

When providing subsequent hospital care to a patient, either the 1995 or 1997 documentation guidelines apply.
Transfer and Transport of the Critically Ill or Injured Neonate
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

When a critically ill or injured neonate is transferred from one facility to another, physicians may question what codes are reported by the transferring and receiving physicians.
A Review of Preventive Medicine Evaluation and Management Services
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Preventive medicine evaluation and management (E/M) service is a foundation of pediatric primary care. Code assignment for these services involves codes that designate whether the patient is new or established and the age of the patient at the time of service.
2021 Prolonged Service Codes
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Prolonged service codes allow a pediatrician or other qualified health care professional (QHP) to report services that require significant prolonged time beyond that which is typical or required for the primary service provided.
Documenting Total Time for Office Evaluation and Management Services
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

The use of total time in selecting a code for office E/M services has raised some questions and concerns about how time must be documented.
ICD-10-CM Codes and Patient Age
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Does your International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) coding reference include icons that identify codes such as those in Chapter 16 as limited to patients of a certain age? If so, it is important to recognize that the limitations associated with these indicators do not apply to coding for professional services.
You Code It! Consultation During Care Transition
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Can you assign the appropriate diagnosis and procedure codes for the services rendered by the doctors in this scenario?
Coding Challenge Answers: Screening and Assessment Instruments
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Did you find the appropriate Current Procedural Terminology® screening code?
Coding for 2021 Preparticipation Physical Evaluations
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Coding Hotline has received numerous questions about how to bill for preparticipation physical evaluations (PPEs) or sports/camp physicals, especially evaluations that are required for return to play following COVID-19 infection.
New Category III Codes: Transnasal Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and Vertebral Body Tethering
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

This article reviews some of the new Current Procedural Terminology (CPT®) Category III codes that became effective for services provided on and after July 1, 2021, and will be published in CPT 2022.
Coding for In-Office Laboratory Services
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

It is important for all practices that perform or are considering performing in-office laboratory testing to understand related coding and compliance guidelines.
AAP Pediatric Coding Newsletter™ July 2021 Quiz (Online Exclusive)
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Quiz for AAPC Continuing Education Units
Table of Diagnosis Coding for Services Related to COVID-19 Exposure or Infection
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Codes and guidance provided in this table are those effective in July 2021.
Coding for Spirometry
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Assigning the appropriate CPT codes for spirometry requires attention to what is included in codes for spirometry and what is not.
Did You Know? Errata and Technical Corrections to Current Procedural Terminology 2021
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

This online-exclusive article reviews following errata and technical corrections to Current Procedural Terminology (CPT®) for services reported in 2021.
ICD-10-CM Updates for October 2021 Implementation
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

The regularly scheduled update to International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) will be implemented for dates of service on and after October 1, 2021. Code changes discussed in this article are not effective for dates of service prior to October 1, 2021, unless otherwise noted. perhaps increased availability and payment for services provided to a patient at a remote site of service, including the patient’s home, will be one.
Reporting Encounters for Immunization Safety Counseling
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

As physicians and other qualified health care professionals field increasing numbers of concerns about immunization safety, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) offers a new code, Z71.85, for identifying immunization safety counseling as a reason for an encounter provided on or after October 1, 2021.
Split/Shared Billing: A Medicare Concept Expands to CPT
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Split/shared billing is a concept originally defined in Medicare policy to allow a physician to report evaluation and management (E/M) services provided in part by the physician and in part by another qualified health care professional (QHP) whose scope of practice includes E/M services. Revisions to the Current Procedural Terminology (CPT®) guidelines for E/M in 2021 introduced a “shared or split visit” concept into CPT that includes some, but not all, of the Medicare policy.
Coding Hotline
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

This month’s Coding Hotline addresses two coding questions related to COVID-19.
AAP Pediatric Coding Newsletter™ September 2021 Quiz (Online Exclusive)
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Quiz for AAPC Continuing Education Units
ICD-10-CM 2022 Guideline Revisions
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

In conjunction with the updated International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) code set, the ICD-10-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting FY 2022 have been published and are effective for dates of service on and after October 1, 2021. Highlights of the changes to the guidelines are listed in this article by topic.
Coding Social Determinants of Health
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

There has been increased focus on social determinants of health (SDOH) in recent years. SDOH are defined in Healthy People 2030 as conditions in the environments where people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes and risks.
ICD-10-CM: Examples of Codes for Social Determinants of Health
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

This chart contains examples of codes related to social determinants of health, such as economic stability and social and community context.
You Code It!
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Social determinants of health (SDOH) may affect code selection for medical services. Can you identify the appropriate diagnosis codes to report the SDOH and their effect on procedure code selection for the physician’s service?
CPT 2022 Updates: Clarification of Interactive Complexity
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Revisions to the prefatory text in Current Procedural Terminology (CPT®) 2022 more clearly define the intended use of code 90785 and the types of communication factors that support an increased complexity of work necessary to provide certain psychotherapy services.
Care Management Services by Specialists and by Primary Care
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

New Current Procedural Terminology (CPT®) codes (99424–99427) for principal care management (PCM) can be beneficial to physicians and other qualified health care professionals (QHPs) in primary care and other pediatric specialties.
Reporting Epinephrine Injections in Non-facility Settings
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Epinephrine injection in a non-facility setting is reported with a code for the administration (injection) and a code for the medication (when supplied by the reporting physician or other qualified health care professional [QHP]). In a facility setting, administration of epinephrine is typically at the expense of the facility providing the medication and clinical staff and is not reported by the ordering physician or QHP.
AAP Pediatric Coding Newsletter
™ January 2022 Quiz (Online Exclusive)
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Quiz for AAPC Continuing Education Units
Evaluation and Management: General Guidelines Applicable to Most Services
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

In this article, we review the following general instructions for Current Procedural Terminology (CPT®) code selection and guidelines and definitions that apply to most categories of E/M service.
Current Procedural Terminology: Instructions for Use of Time
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

In this article, we review concepts related to CPT instructions for use of time in code selection.
New ICD-10-CM Codes for Patients Who Are Unvaccinated or Under-immunized Against COVID-19
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

New ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes have been added to the April 1, 2022, release of code set revisions to accommodate reporting of immunization status specific to immunization against the virus that causes COVID-19.
Coding Challenge Answers: New Versus Established Patients
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Did you determine whether the patient in each of the following scenarios is considered new or established to the treating physician?
AAP Pediatric Coding Newsletter
™ February 2022 Quiz (Online Exclusive)
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Quiz for AAPC Continuing Education Units
Getting Paid: Correctly Using Modifiers With Correct Coding Edits
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) has revised definitions and policies related to split/shared evaluation and management (E/M) visits beginning with services provided on or after January 1, 2022.
Resource Tables for Modifier Use
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

These 2 tables provide quick references to modifier use and a guide to which modifiers override National Correct Coding Initiative edits when appropriately reported:
AAP Pediatric Coding Newsletter
™ April 2022 Quiz (Online Exclusive)
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Quiz for AAPC Continuing Education Units
Medical Decision-Making: A Refresher
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

The complex elements involved in reporting medical decision-making is reviewed in depth.
Q&A
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Observation care, school form completion codes, and an ingrown noenail procedure.
Reporting Terminated Procedural Services
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: April 2022

Reporting practices on partial, attempted, and uncompleted procedures are addressed.
Apresentação do dossiê Políticas culturais: projetos, atores e circuitos
Authors: Villaça Mariana , Ayo Schmiedecke Natália
Published: April 2022

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Gestaltungsorientierte Forschung zwischen Technikwissenschaft und künstlerischer Forschung
Authors: Herzberg Dominikus
Published: April 2022

Dieser Beitrag verortet DBR als methodologisches Rahmenwerk zwischen den Polen von Technikwissenschaft und künstlerischer Forschung. Der eine Pol hilft dabei, sich einem wissenschaftstheoretisch wohlbegründeten Gestaltungsverständnis zu nähern, der andere Pol, um im Ästhetischen das Kreative, Individuelle und Unwägbare zu fassen, was jedem Akt der Gestaltung von Bildung durch Intervention innewohnt. Beide Pole sind Übertreibungen. Weder ist eine Technisierung des Gestaltungsbegriffs noch eine „Verkünstlerung“ des Forschungsverständnisses beabsichtigt. Der Reiz in der Auseinandersetzung mit diesen Extremen liegt darin, eine Diskussion darüber anzustoßen, wo genau sich DBR methodologisch verorten lässt. Und der Wert dieser Auseinandersetzung besteht darin, dass sich methodologische Rahmenwerke zu DBR im Bezug auf diese Pole reflektieren lassen.
Temperature evolution in heated premises and external boundary wall with dynamic control of heating systems
Authors: Garbai László , Pacza Gergely
Published: April 2022

The study presents a mathematical model for building heating control. The buildings are connected to district heating or to central heating. The task of the heating control is to maintain a preset constant indoor air temperature. Control disturbance is caused by external meteorological conditions, firstly by outdoor air temperature. The control action can be the change in heat transfer capacity of the radiators, whereby the indoor air temperature can be commanded back to the present value to offset the effect of the disturbance. Just the control can be a follower or of predictive type. The expected indoor air temperature can be calculated from the energy balances. These are composed of differential equations, describing dynamic equilibrium of heat transfer through the external walls, as well as heat storage in the walls and indoor air. Type of differential equations is linear, inhomogeneous, of first or second order.

Solution of the differential equation results in describing the change in indoor air temperature in time as a function of outdoor air temperature. Further on, the equation determines the function of the necessary heating capacity to keep the indoor air temperature constant. By the model several heating programs can be evaluated. The physical model is shown in Fig. 1. Intermediate variable is the average temperature of the external walls. Heat conduction and convection through the walls is calculated by the difference of the indoor air temperature and of the average wall temperature by using relevant R
1 and R
2 heat resistance factors. The model is adequate when the heat transport within the building sections is neglectable, and the thermodynamic and heat transfer characteristics of the walls are identical. Thereby the model describes the heat balance of representative premises, but the results can be transferred to similar other premises, too.
DNA barcodes in identification of some species of hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)
Authors: Trang Le Quynh , Lien Vu Van , Viet Thanh Tran Thi
Published: April 2022

The use of DNA barcodes is a molecular method commonly used for the identification of specimens that are difficult to pinpoint accurately by traditional morphological methods. DNA barcoding uses standard short genomic regions that are universally present in target lineages and has sufficient sequence variation to identify species in the genus. The hawkmoth genus Cechetra (Zolotuhin & Ryabov, 2012) was proposed for a group of morphologically similar, stripe-patterned species. Based on the seven specimens of the three species of Cechetra genus collected from the Central of Vietnam, we used morphological analysis to initially identified their scientific name of Cechetra lineosa (Walker, 1856) for 04 specimens (LB_F01, LB_G01, LB_H01 and LK_G05); 02 specimens (MK_H04 and MK_B07) were identified with the scientific name of Cechetra minor (Butler, 1875) and 01 specimen (SG_D7) with scientific name Cechetra subangustata (Rothschild, 1920). Then, the COI (Cytochrome C oxidase I) sequence was used for molecular analysis. Total DNA was extracted from the legs of specimens, COI with over 600 bp in length from each specimen was amplified by PCR reactions. The PCR products are hence purified and sequenced. COI gene cloning results showed a very high level of genetic similarity (over 99%) and 7 specimens are of the genus Cechetra, Sphingidae family. For three homomorphic species belonging to the genus Cechetra Zolotuhin & Ryabov, 2012 including Cechetra lineosa (Walker, 1856); Cechetra minor (Butler, 1875) and Cechetra subangustata (Rothschild, 1920). The studied sequences have been added to the current database at GenBank (NCBI) with accession numbers MT994230, MT994231, MT994232, MT994233, MT994234, MT994235, and MT994236.
\(\textit{In vitro}\) shoot multiplication and the content of huperzine a in in vitro cultured \(\textit{Huperzia serrata}\) (Thunb. Ex Murray) Trevis plants
Authors: Thi Huong Ho , Lan Anh Le Thi , Duc Thanh Nguyen , Thuy Linh Ngo Thi , Huu Dat Ton That , Bich Thuy Le Thi
Published: April 2022

Huperzia serrata (Thunb. Ex Murray) Trevis belonging to the Lycopodiaceae family contains the main active ingredient Huperzine A (HupA), which is effective in the treatment of dementia. However, H. serrata in nature contains a low content of HupA. Additionally, this plant grows very slowly and is overexploited, thereby leading to the risk of extinction. In this study, we used the in vitro shoot of H. serrata to induce shoot multiplication by tissue culture method and quantify the content of HupA in the in vitro cultured plant by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The suitable nutrient medium for inducing shoot multiplication was 1/4 MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L of kinetin. In this medium, the shoot multiplication rate was as high as 77.33%, the number of shoots/shoot multiplication was 6.02, and the shoot height was 1.61 cm. Based on the HPLC method, the content of HupA in the in vitro cultured plant was 300 µg/g. The content of HupA in the cultured H. serrata in Vietnam is reported for the first time in our study. This study shows in vitro shoot multiplication is a promising method for propagating H. serrata and can produce the cultured H. serrata with a high content of HupA. These findings contribute to conserving and preserving the gene source of H. serrata species, and at the same time, enhancing the content of HupA in the cultured H. serrata.
Expression of beta glucosidase mined from metagenomic DNA data of bacteria in Vietnamese goats’ rumen in \(\textit{Escherichia coli}\) system
Authors: Thi Quy Nguyen , Thi Huyen Do , Khanh Linh Nguyen Thi , Hong Duong Nguyen , Nam Hai Truong
Published: April 2022

Screening and expression of new β-glucosidase genes (bgc) have attracted much attention because of their valuable application in a wide range of industrial areas such as bioethanol production, food and animal feed processing, paper making, and biotechnological processes. Previously, we mined a new bgc gene coding for its mature enzyme (BGC) from metagenomic DNA data of bacteria in Vietnamese goats’ rumen. Based on the NCBI database, the BGC sequence was found to be the highest similarity with β-glucosidase of Bacteroidales bacterium (60.52%). The BGC enzyme was previously annotated to have two domains GH3 and GH31 and highly expressed in E. coli. The aim of this work was to experimentally confirm the predicted gene by expressing and assessing the activity of recombinant BGC from E. coli strains of BL21, Rosetta 1, C43, and SoluBL21. Furthermore, the expression level and solubility of the BGC were also investigated by varying fermentation conditions such as temperature, medium components, and IPTG concentration. The activity of the crude enzyme was identified through substrates including esculin and p-Nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG). The new BGC could be used as potential material for further enzyme characterization.
The impact of protection status, local people’s awareness and hunting pressure on conservation of delacour’s langur (\(\textit{Trachypithecus delacouri}\)) in northern Vietnam
Authors: Vinh Thanh Nguyen , Tuan Anh Nguyen , Minh Ha Do , Thi Hue Dao , Bich Thuy Pham , Thanh Hai Dong , Van Duan Dinh
Published: April 2022

During 2019 and 2020, 14 areas in Northern Vietnam were surveyed for Delacour’s langur Trachypithecus delacouri (Osgood, 1932) to confirm the status of distribution, estimated populations and intensity of hunting pressure. People from elected local authorities, as well as other individuals, were interviewed to determine their awareness of the langur’s conservation. These data were combined for statistical analysis. The results showed that protection status was negatively correlated with hunting pressure (Rs = -0.601; p = 0.006). Hunting pressure also had a negative relationship with the growth of the number of langur populations (Rs = -0.616; p = 0.005) and the number of langur individuals (Rs = - 0.578; p = 0.01). However, placing an area under State protection had no correlation with the growth of the population of Delacour's langur living there (p > 0.05). People's awareness in Van Long Nature Reserve was very high (over 99% strongly supported the conservation of Delacour’s langur) which corresponded to the growth of Delacour's langur population in that area. To protect both the langurs and people's livelihoods, we, therefore, recommend turning the areas where Delacour's langurs are distributed into protected areas and also promoting people’s awareness through legal dissemination and activities. The reintroduction of the species into suitable protected habitats should be carried out scientifically.
Efficacy of biosynthesizing folate, riboflavin and typical probiotic traits reveal the potential use of \(\textit{Lactobacillus plantarum}\) LCN13 as a feed additive for swine farming
Authors: Hanh Nguyen Vu Thi , Ngoc Tung Quach , Thi Lien Bui , Huyen Trang Nguyen , Van The Nguyen , Thanh Loi Nguyen Thi , Hoang Ha Chu , Quyet Tien Phi
Published: April 2022

Lactic acid bacteria have been advocated as probiotics to replace antibiotic growth promoters, improve growth performance, and reduce cost production in swine farming. The aim of this study is to identify and evaluate the probiotic traits of strain LCN13 isolated from traditionally fermented feed for swine. Thirty-five bacterial isolates with different morphological characteristics were isolated, among which 9 isolates showed the ability to produce lactic acid and antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. Among them, isolate LCN13 exhibited a strong capacity to produce lactic acid (18.5 ± 0.31 g/L), inhibited gastrointestinal pathogens such as Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 (18.3 ± 1.52 mm), Escherichia coli ATCC 11105 (24.7 ± 2.14 mm), and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 35984 (31.6 ± 2.93 mm), and produced 182 ng/mL folate and 233 ng/mL riboflavin as measured by LC-MS/MS after 24 hours of incubation. Based on morphological, biochemical, and 16S rRNA gene analysis, the isolate LCN13 was identified as Lactobacillus plantarum. Phenotypic analysis revealed that L. plantarum LCN13 showed remarkable resistance to 1.2% ox-bile salt, 2.0 mM H2O2, and pH 3.0. In addition, the ability to produce high levels of folate (253.6 ± 10.7 ng/mL) and riboflavin (312.0 ± 12.2 ng/mL) after 48 hours was exploited for the first time in the L. plantarum. Taken together, L. plantarum LCN13 might serve as a potential probiotic candidate for animal farming.
Correlation between AK7 rs2275554 and male infertility in 421 Vietnamese individuals
Authors: Phuong Anh Nguyen , Van Hai Nong , Thuy Duong Nguyen
Published: April 2022

Male infertility is a global health problem caused by many factors, including primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), multiple morphologic abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF), and genetic factors, in which PCD and MMAF have been reported to be associated with variants in the AK7 gene. So, this study aimed to evaluate the association of polymorphisms AK7 rs2275554 with infertile men in the Vietnamese population. Total DNAs were isolated from 421 samples, including 199 males diagnosed with infertility and 222 healthy individuals having at least one child. All 421 samples were applied for genotyping using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Using statistical methods, we showed that the distribution of their genotypes conformed with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p-values > 0.05). There was no association between polymorphism rs2275554 and male infertility in the Vietnamese population (p-values > 0.05). These findings in this study will contribute to the knowledge base about the underlying genetics of male infertility in the Vietnamese population.
Identification of a mutation in a Vietnamese family with Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy using whole exome sequencing
Authors: Thuy Duong Nguyen , Huong Thao Dinh , Thi Thao Nguyen , Van Anh Pham , Noriko Miyake , Naomichi Matsumoto , Van Hai Nong
Published: April 2022

Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is a degenerative neuromuscular disease associated with at least nine genes, including EMD, LMNA, FHL1, TMEM43, SUN1, SUN2, TTN, SYNE1, and SYNE2. Herein, we identified a heterozygous missense LMNA mutation (NM_170707.4: c.1357C>T,p.R453W) in three members of a Vietnamese family using whole-exome sequencing (WES), in which the proband was an 11-year-old girl presenting humeroperoneal muscle weaknesses and generalized contracture. Her father and one other relative also exhibited multiple signs of muscular atrophy and contracture. Sanger sequencing in the extended family verified the causative nature of this mutation, establishing a confirmed diagnosis of autosomal dominant Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD2). The clinical presentations of each patient in this study are different from each other, demonstrating the intrafamilial phenotypic variability of this mutation. Early identification of the underlying genetic course of the disease by sequencing, combined with clinical findings provides solid evidence to diagnosis process, genetic counseling and management strategy.
Completude das notificações de síndrome respiratória aguda grave no âmbito nacional e em uma regional de saúde de Minas Gerais, durante a pandemia de COVID-19, 2020
Authors: Ribas Fábio Vieira , Custódio Ana Cristina Dias , Toledo Luana Vieira , Henriques Bruno David , Sediyama Catarina Maria Nogueira de Oliveira , Freitas Brunnella Alcântara Chagas de
Published: April 2022

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a completude das notificações de casos de síndrome respiratória aguda grave no Sistema de Informação de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe (SIVEP-Gripe) durante a pandemia de COVID-19, na base de dados nacional e na base da Unidade Regional de Saúde do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, em 2020. Métodos: Estudo descritivo da completude das variáveis sociodemográficas e das relativas à etiologia, condição clínica, evolução e critérios diagnósticos do SIVEP-Gripe. O nível de completude foi classificado como excelente (> 95%), bom (90% a 95%), regular (80% a 90%), ruim (50% a 80%) ou muito ruim (< 50%). Resultados: O percentual de variáveis com completude excelente foi de apenas 18,1% na base de dados nacional, e de 27,8% na base de dados regional. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se baixa completude de ambas as bases de dados do SIVEP-Gripe, tornando-se necessários aperfeiçoamentos no processo de trabalho e capacitações rotineiras dos profissionais para o correto preenchimento.
Diaphragm wall deformation and ground settlement caused by dewatering before excavation in strata with leaky aquifers
Authors: Zheng G. , Li Q. H. , Cheng X. S. , Ha D. , Shi J. C. , Shi X. R. , Lei Y. W.
Published: April 2022

In deep excavations, pre-excavation dewatering (PED) usually causes notable diaphragm wall (D-wall) deformation and ground settlement. However, this problem has not attracted sufficient attention. In this paper, the mechanisms and control methods of settlement caused by PED in a deep excavation in Tianjin, China are analysed. A hydraulic connection between the soil inside and outside the excavation area due to aquifer leakage was observed during PED. Therefore, although the first level of struts had been installed before PED, the deformation of the D-wall and ground settlement reached 6·9 mm and 12·5 mm, approximately 29·0% and 73·5% of the maximum allowable values, respectively. The monitoring results demonstrated that leaky aquifers could reduce the deformation of the D-wall but increased the magnitude and extent of ground settlement. Based on the numerical simulations of D-wall deformation and groundwater change, in this case, the ground settlement within the area extending two times the depth of unloading (two times the depth of dewatering, 2Hd) from the excavation was found to be caused by both the deformation of the D-wall and the drawdown of the groundwater, whereas the noticeable settlement in the area beyond 2Hd was caused by only the drawdown of the groundwater. When hydraulic connections exist between the soil inside and outside the excavation area, artificial recharge should be used to control the noticeable settlement induced by groundwater drawdown.
Level of safety and crossing warrants for cross-walks using surrogate safety measures
Authors: Alex Sheela , Radhakrishnan Padmakumar , Nandakumar Sanjana
Published: April 2022

Pedestrians are the most vulnerable road users and they are highly susceptible to conflicts at mid-block cross-walk locations. They are prone to a high risk of injury from vehicular impact incidents and their decision making behaviour at unmarked cross-walks (UCWs) is more critical than at marked cross-walks (MCWs). The objective of this study was to determine level of safety thresholds and warrants for both marked and unmarked pedestrian crossing facilities at urban mid-block sections under mixed traffic conditions. Data were collected at MCWs and UCWs in four different locations in Trivandrum city, India. The crossing behaviours of pedestrians at both types of cross-walks were compared by analysing characteristics such as gap acceptance, a surrogate safety measure (post-encroachment time (PET)), waiting time, crossing time, platoon size, type of critical vehicle and critical gap. The multiple linear regression technique was used to develop gap acceptance models for MCWs and UCWs. The pedestrian level of safety (PLS) criterion is proposed; the PLS describes the safety of pedestrians at cross-walks and warrants for crossings based on PETs. The developed PLS thresholds and the pedestrian–vehicle interaction values were correlated to the PETs to develop the pedestrian crossing warrants.