bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The otherwise and grace: Exploring theopolitical connections
Authors: Huard Samuel
Published: December 2023

Although they are not often in explicit conversation with each other, several scholarly contributions about the otherwise and grace, respectively, echo each other in striking ways. In this article, the author explores some of these echoes. Assembling theoretically various approaches to the otherwise and grace allows him to show that they both tread on similar theopolitical paths, and to identify three points on which they converge: excess, incarnation and turbulence. The article is structured around these three confluences. Each section begins with a description of a particular way of approaching the otherwise, which is then compared with a similar way of approaching grace. Each section concludes with reflections on the spaces of convergence thus identified, and it is argued that they constitute promising sites for the deployment of a ‘theopolitical analytics’ in anthropology.
Foreign Direct Investment and Technology Spillovers: An Analysis of Indian Manufacturing
Authors: Behera Chandrakanti
Published: December 2023

Using a rich firm-level panel dataset of Indian manufacturing over 2010–2018, this study aims to identify the spillover effects associated with foreign direct investment (FDI). To this end, we distinguish spillover effects into horizontal (Intra-industry linkage) and vertical (backward or downstream and forward or upstream Inter-industry linkages) FDI channels. We employ various semi-parametric methods to tackle the endogeneity issues in productivity estimation. We find that backward spillover from the downstream multinational enterprises is the only source of total factor productivity gains. However, the magnitude of negative forward–vertical linkage is larger than the positive backward–vertical effect. The analysis also broadly compares technology spillovers for domestic and all firms in the sector. Finally, we investigate productivity spillover across industries based on their technology intensity. Our findings suggest that industry heterogeneity is a key driver of FDI spillover.

JEL Codes: F23, D24, O33, L1
Promoting mental health and preventing mental health problems in child and adolescent refugees and asylum seekers: A systematic review on psychosocial interventions
Authors: Della Rocca Bianca , Bello Rosaria , Carbone Marco , Pezzella Pasquale , Toni Claudia , Sampogna Gaia , Tarsitani Lorenzo , Luciano Mario , Fiorillo Andrea
Published: December 2023

Background:

According to the United Nations Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), children and adolescents represent 41% of all forcibly displaced individuals. They have to deal with conflicts, violence, and the many difficulties of flight and resettlement during a critical stage of their emotional, social, cognitive, and physical development. They are more likely to experience mental health problems during migration. Despite the several known risk factors, it is frequently challenging for refugees and asylum seekers to get mental health care. In this paper we review available studies on interventions aimed at promoting mental health and at preventing common mental disorders in immigrant adolescents and children.

Methods:

The relevant PubMed, Scopus, PsychINFO and Web of Science databases were searched for papers published until March 21, 2023, using (“immigrants” OR “migration” OR “asylum seekers” OR “refugees”) AND (“promotion” OR “prevention”) AND (“mental health” OR “mental disorders” OR “psych*”) AND (“children” OR “adolescents” OR “young adults”) as search string. Fourteen articles qualified for the detailed review.

Results and Conclusions:

The majority of available interventions, although highly heterogeneous in format and content, showed significant improvement in several psychopathological dimensions, including trauma-related symptoms, psychological stress, anxiety, depressive and cognitive symptoms. Available studies on interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of mental health in refugees and asylum seekers children and adolescents indicate that provided interventions were associated with a global improvement for participants. Implementation strategies to improve their scalability are highly needed.
Where there’s a will, there’s a way: Border walls and refugees
Authors: Avdan Nazli , Rosenberg Andrew S , Gelpi Christopher F
Published: December 2023

Over the last decade, there has been a notable surge in the movement of refugees across international borders, posing significant challenges for the international community. In response, various policy measures have been implemented, including the construction of border walls, with the aim of impeding refugee influx. However, scholars have expressed doubts regarding the effectiveness of these fortifications, suggesting that walls merely redirect migrants to alternative routes, discourage return migration, or alter migrants’ cost–benefit calculations. Despite these concerns, there has been a lack of rigorous testing to support or refute these claims beyond case-specific evidence. This article addresses this research gap by thoroughly examining the arguments surrounding the impact of border fencing on refugee flows. We conduct a systematic, cross-national test of these arguments with a two-way fixed-effects estimator, an equivalence test, and a recently developed matching estimator designed for use on time-series cross-sectional data. Our results strongly support those who are skeptical of the impact of walls. We consistently demonstrate either that border fencing has not had any causal impact on refugee flows between 1970 and 2017 or that the statistical state-of-the-art is incapable of discerning that true effect. In either scenario, the evidence suggests that border fences fail to deliver the anticipated outcomes. These findings hold significant implications as violence-driven refugee flows persist, underscoring that while walls may serve as politically attractive tools for populist leaders, their actual deterrent effects are highly questionable at best.
Blessing or curse? Assessing the local impacts of foreign direct investment on conflict in Africa
Authors: Brazys Samuel , de Soysa Indra , Vadlamannati Krishna Chaitanya
Published: December 2023

The question of foreign direct investment (FDI) and socio-political development is debated heavily. Liberals believe that FDI brings economic opportunities and/or increased incentives for peace and security among host societies. Critics suggest that FDI is exploitative, leading to conditions that increase the risk of violence. We take a political economy perspective that views FDI as problematic depending on how FDI affects politically powerful local interests. As such, all forms of FDI should meet domestic opposition, but only FDI in the extractive sector, where domestic political actors have little at stake, escalates to major war. Building on recent work which examines this question pertaining to extractive sector FDI, we introduce sub-national, geo-referenced data on FDI in all sectors for evaluating local conflict using combined data from four distinct geo-referenced conflict databases. Using site-period fixed effects with a difference-in-difference like approach, we find that FDI in all sectors increases local conflict. Conflicts induced by most FDI sectors fall short of becoming civil war, except for extractive sector FDI.
From dawn to dusk: daily fluctuations in pedestrian traffic in the city center
Authors: Wozniak Marcin
Published: December 2023

Pedestrian traffic in a city is subject to fluctuations throughout the day due to a variety of factors. The understanding of these variations can be achieved using properly calibrated agent-based simulation models that capture the dynamics of pedestrian movement. However, despite their significance, such models are currently underrepresented in scientific discussions. In addition, acquiring real-world pedestrian localization data for model calibration poses challenges. To address these issues, this paper presents an agent-based model specifically designed to examine pedestrian traffic fluctuations at a mesoscale level. The model uses popular times data from the Google Places service and population data from the Geographic Information System (GIS) for accurate calibration. As a result, it effectively captures the real-world dynamics of pedestrian movement in the city center. By harnessing the advantages of agent-based modeling (ABM), the model generates several valuable insights into daily pedestrian traffic. It estimates the capacity and speed of pedestrian flows and determines the daily load within the simulated area. Moreover, it enables the identification of bottlenecks and areas characterized by varying levels of pedestrian density. The model’s validation process involves comparing its output with empirical studies and pedestrian traffic data from selected points of interest (POIs). The model successfully captures key aspects associated with fundamental diagrams of pedestrian flow. Furthermore, the dynamics of pedestrians closely align with Google Places popular times data for the chosen POIs. Overall, this research contributes to advancing pedestrian traffic management and optimizing public transport organization by employing empirically calibrated agent-based simulation models.
Development of a micro-scale hybridized yarn structure from recycled carbon, aramid and polyamide 6 staple fibers for thermoplastic composites with improved impact strength
Authors: Overberg Matthias , Khurshid Muhammad Furqan , Abdkader Anwar , Hasan Mir Mohammad Badrul , Cherif Chokri
Published: December 2023

The aim of this research is to improve the impact strength of thermoplastic composites manufactured from recycled carbon fiber (rCF). For this purpose, the development of a novel multi-material, micro-scale hybridized and low-cost hybrid yarn by blending aramid fibers with rCF and polyamide 6 (PA 6) fibers through the processing route of carding, drawing and flyer spinning is reported in this paper. In addition, two other hybrid yarns were produced from rCF/PA 6 and aramid/PA 6 for comparison with the multi-material rCF/aramid/PA 6 hybrid yarn. Finally, the tensile, flexural and impact properties of composites based on the developed rCF/aramid/PA 6 multi-material hybrid yarn were compared with those of composites reinforced only with rCF and aramid fiber. The results of the Charpy impact test showed that the inclusion of 24 volume percentage aramid fiber increased the impact strength by 70% compared to the composite reinforced with rCF alone. The multi-material hybrid yarn consisting of rCF/aramid/PA 6 fibers shows good potential for designing a hybrid composite with tailored tensile, flexural and impact resistant properties.
Numerical simulation for electric field intensity and jet space of the quadratic spiral spinneret with auxiliary electrode
Authors: Liu Yanbo , Liu Yanan , Liu Lingling , Hao Ming , Hu Xiaodong , Wang Xiaoxiao , Yang Bo
Published: December 2023

To produce a high quality electrostatic spinneret with low voltage requirements, low energy consumption, and narrow fiber diameter distribution, the mechanical model of the spinning unit of the fractal spiral spinneret was established by using the quadratic fractal spiral parametric equation. The established fractal spiral electrostatic spinning model was imported into COMSOL Multiphysics finite element analysis software, mesh division was performed on the model, multiple spinning units were combined to form the array spinneret, and the optimal parameters of the fractal structure were optimized. However, there are still two sides of the field intensity other than the middle field intensity of the high situation. In order to equalize the field intensity, we used the spinneret properties of the same disc auxiliary electrode and quadratic fractal spiral spinneret in a linear arrangement, and the auxiliary electrode and spinneret distance and spinneret radius of the two important parameters to optimize the simulation, resulting in obtaining a more uniform field intensity distribution of the quadratic fractal spiral spinneret electrospinning equipment. Based on the calculation of the fractional dimension of the Von Koch curve, the fractional dimension of the quadratic fractal spinneret was 1.77. The critical field intensity of the system was calculated to be 2.13 × 106 V/m, and the jet space was 1.22–3.13 mm. The optimized quadratic fractal spinneret model with auxiliary electrode faced the receiving plate in the range of 60° from the left to the right of the spinning sites, –5 to 5 sites, which may emit the spinning jet.
Three-dimensional printed re-entrant strain sensor using various carbon types/thermoplastic polyurethane filaments
Authors: Jung Imjoo , Lee Sunhee
Published: December 2023

In this study, to fabricate a soft conductive re-entrant (RE) strain sensor using a fused filament fabrication three-dimensional (3D) printer, carbon/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) filaments with three carbon materials—graphene (GR), carbon fiber (CF), and carbon black (CB)—were analyzed. The 3D printing performance of carbon/TPU was evaluated to confirm the applicability to 3D printing. Firstly, the results of the carbon/TPU filament, morphology, and X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed GR-TPU exhibited crystallinity, and the size of the CB particles was the smallest at <100 nm. For the thermal property, thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the carbon content of CB-TPU was the highest. In addition, differential scanning calorimetry showed that, depending on the carbon material content, the Tg of CB-TPU was the highest. However, since the particles were the smallest, they were easily dispersed and the Tm was the lowest. An analysis of the tensile properties indicated that GR-TPU was the weakest, CF-TPU was hard and brittle, and CB-TPU was the softest and toughest. The conductivity of CB-TPU was 36.12 mA, so it was 25 times higher than the other filaments. The results of the 3D printed RE pattern using various types of carbon/TPU and CB-TPU exhibited the best output performance. The results of the tensile property of the 3D printed RE pattern were similar to those of the filaments. In addition, the conductivities of the 3D printed RE patterns were improved more than the filament status, as ordered during 3D printing. Therefore, 3D printed carbon/TPU can be used as a basis for manufacturing soft sensors.
Tourist Rural Destination Restorative Capacity: Scale Development and Validation
Authors: Zhai Lingchen , Wang Chaohui , Zhang Tingting (Christina) , Qiao Haohao , Gao Yuhe , Tao Yuting , Liu Juan
Published: December 2023

This study developed and validated a five-dimension scale of tourist rural destination restorative capacity. Following the scale development procedure recommended by Churchill, the present study validated that such capacity comprises the dimensions of fascination, compatibility, extent, being away, and life atmosphere. The results showed that restorative capacity directly affects restorative outcomes for tourists. This study contributes to the scarce literature on the issue of interest and provides an important index that destination managers can use to improve the restorative capacity of their vacation sites and promote the image of these attractions among travelers.
Cognitive Training in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bhattacharya Mahashweta , Kashyap Himani , Reddy Y.C. Janardhan
Published: December 2023

Background:

Cognitive training (CT) for illness-linked neuropsychological deficits has been attempted in psychiatric disorders and, more recently, in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, studies are few and far between, with a limited understanding of factors contributing to efficacy. This article aims to provide a comprehensive critical review of studies employing CT in OCD.

Methods:

This systematic review follows the Preferred Reporting of Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses Protocols. Empirical studies that used any form of CT/remediation in individuals with OCD were included.

Results:

Eight articles met the criteria for inclusion, of which five were randomized controlled trials, two were case series, and one was an open-label trial. The studies have predominantly demonstrated improved trained cognitive functions, with only two showing generalization to untrained domains like clinical symptoms and socio-occupational functioning.

Conclusion:

There are few controlled trials of CT in OCD, which limits conclusions of efficacy. Given the sparse research in the area, the review summarizes the current status of research and examines important methodological considerations that may inform future studies.
The relation between naturalistic use of psychedelics and perception of emotional stimuli: An event-related potential study comparing non-users and experienced users of classic psychedelics
Authors: Orłowski Paweł , Hobot Justyna , Ruban Anastasia , Szczypiński Jan , Bola Michał
Published: December 2023

Background:

Previous research has suggested that controlled administration of psychedelic substances can modulate emotional reactivity, enhancing positive and diminishing negative emotions. However, it is unclear whether similar effects are associated with using psychedelics in less-controlled naturalistic environments.

Aims:

This cross-sectional study investigated the neural markers associated with the perception of emotional stimuli in individuals with extensive experience of naturalistic psychedelic use (15 or more lifetime experiences), comparing them to non-users.

Methods:

Electroencephalography (EEG) signals were recorded from two groups: experienced psychedelics users ( N = 56) and non-users ( N = 55). Participants were presented with facial images depicting neutral or emotional expressions (anger, sadness, and happiness). Event-related potential (ERP) components were analyzed as indices of emotional reactivity.

Results:

Psychedelic users were characterized by significantly lower amplitudes of the N200 component in response to fearful faces, in comparison to non-users. In addition, interaction effects between Group and Emotional expression were observed on N170 and N200 amplitudes, indicating group differences in the processing of fearful faces. However, no significant between-group differences emerged in the analysis of later ERP components associated with attention and cognitive processes (P200 and P300).

Conclusions:

The results suggest that naturalistic use of psychedelics may be linked to reduced reactivity to emotionally negative stimuli at the early and automatic processing stages. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the effects related to using psychedelics in naturalistic contexts.
Microglial histone deacetylase 2 is dispensable for functional and histological outcomes in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury
Authors: Zhang Yue , Zhao Yongfang , Wang Yana , Li Jiaying , Huang Yichen , Lyu Fan , Wang Yangfan , Wei Pengju , Yuan Yiwen , Fu Yi , Gao Yanqin
Published: December 2023

The Class-I histone deacetylases (HDACs) mediate microglial inflammation and neurological dysfunction after traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, whether the individual Class-I HDACs play an indispensable role in TBI pathogenesis remains elusive. HDAC2 has been shown to upregulate pro-inflammatory genes in myeloid cells under brain injuries such as intracerebral hemorrhage, thereby worsening outcomes. Thus, we hypothesized that HDAC2 drives microglia toward a pro-inflammatory neurotoxic phenotype in a murine model of controlled cortical impact (CCI). Our results revealed that HDAC2 expression was highly induced in CD16/CD32+ pro-inflammatory microglia 3 and 7d after TBI. Surprisingly, microglia-targeted HDAC2 knockout (HDAC2 miKO) mice failed to demonstrate a beneficial phenotype after CCI/TBI compared to their wild-type (WT) littermates. HDAC2 miKO mice exhibited comparable levels of grey and white matter injury, efferocytosis, and sensorimotor and cognitive deficits after CCI/TBI as WT mice. RNA sequencing of isolated microglia 3d after CCI/TBI indicated the elevation of a panel of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines in HDAC2 miKO mice over WT mice, and flow cytometry showed further elevated brain infiltration of neutrophils and B cells in HDAC2 miKO mice. Together, this study does not support a detrimental role for HDAC2 in microglial responses after TBI and calls for investigation into alternative mechanisms.
Saturated fatty acids stimulate cytokine production in tanycytes via the PP2Ac-dependent signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Danyang , Wang Tao , Zhao Xingqi , Chen Juan , Yang Tianqi , Shen Yi , Zhou Yu-Dong
Published: December 2023

The hypothalamic tanycytes are crucial for free fatty acids (FFAs) detection, storage, and transport within the central nervous system. They have been shown to effectively respond to fluctuations in circulating FFAs, thereby regulating energy homeostasis. However, the precise molecular mechanisms by which tanycytes modulate lipid utilization remain unclear. Here, we report that the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2 A (PP2Ac), a serine/threonine phosphatase, is expressed in tanycytes and its accumulation and activation occur in response to high-fat diet consumption. In vitro, tanycytic PP2Ac responds to palmitic acid (PA) exposure and accumulates and is activated at an early stage in an AMPK-dependent manner. Furthermore, activated PP2Ac boosts hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) accumulation, resulting in upregulation of an array of cytokines. Pretreatment with a PP2Ac inhibitor, LB100, prevented the PA-induced elevation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV or CD26). Our results disclose a mechanism of lipid metabolism in tanycytes that involves the activation of PP2Ac and highlight the physiological significance of PP2Ac in hypothalamic tanycytes in response to overnutrition and efficacious treatment of obesity.
Role of Growth Hormone Therapy in Craniofacial Development of Children with or without Growth Hormone Deficiency—A Systematic Review
Authors: Khedkar Sharvari Sunil , Shenoy Usha , Banerjee Sujoy , Hazare Ananya , Karia Himija , Khorgade Pritam
Published: December 2023

Objective

To evaluate effect of growth hormone (GH) therapy in craniofacial development in children with or without growth hormone deficiency.

Method

The systematic review was conducted by searching the electronic databases—PubMed, Cochrane clinical trials register, Google scholar, and EBSCO host. Randomized controlled trials and observational studies published till January 2022 were included. The risk of bias was assessed by Risk-Of-Bias VISualization (ROBVIS) tool. The risk of bias of the included studies was presented as a “traffic light” plot of individual studies and a summary diagram. Data was studied by two authors and any dispute was resolved by another reviewer.

Result

A total of 964 articles were obtained through electronic database search. After eliminating the duplicates, 13 articles met inclusion criteria. Of the 13 studies, 8 studies had moderate risk of bias, 2 had serious risk of bias, and 1 had critical risk of bias as per the ROBINS-I assessment. According to the RoB 2, two studies were having high risk of bias.

Conclusion

The maxillary length, the mandibular length, and the cranial base length increased post-GH therapy, causing an overall increase in the facial height. The limitation of GH therapy was in the transverse direction as maxillary and mandibular arch dimensions remained almost equal to those in the untreated subjects. Dentition had minimal influence of GH therapy.

Registration

The systematic review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews database under CRD42021257044.
The hurricane from the Right
Authors: Fekete Liz
Published: December 2023

In Race & Class 65.2, two key articles examined the British war on woke (Hugh Davies and Sheena MacRae) and the role of Tory ‘post-racial’ gatekeepers (Rima Saini, Michael Bankole and Neema Begum). This commentary draws out the lessons for activists, from the two articles and campaigns on the ground, as to how far-right ‘theories’ and ideas are becoming mainstreamed by the media, politicians and academics.
Actually existing state entrepreneurialism: From conceptualization to materialization
Authors: Sun Yi , Ling Jia , He Shenjing
Published: December 2023

This paper enriches the understanding of actually existing state entrepreneurialism (SE) through politics of scale, regulatory flexibility, and financialization. The emphasis on “actually existing” uncovers how political discourses are materialized into variegated policy outcomes and territorial politics. The central-local relations and their reinforcement through scalar politics are essential to state regulation, revealing power dynamics in SE. SE represents a distinct governance capacity with regulatory flexibility expressed through state-orchestrated processes designed to meet multifaceted goals. Financialization is instrumentalized in revamping state intervention with commercial and financial logic. Finally, the state is seen as polymorphous in nature given its active stewardship in growth agendas.
On the aerodynamics of dual-stage co-axial vertical-axis wind turbines
Authors: Khalid Muhammad Saif Ullah , Portocarrero Mendoza Priscila Scarlet , Wood David , Hemmati Arman
Published: December 2023

This study explored the aerodynamics of a new multi-stage co-axial vertical-axis wind turbine based on bio-inspiration from natural swimming habit of fish. The turbine was formed from a conventional straight-bladed vertical axis turbine (VAWT) with an additional small inner rotor, also of three blades. The azimuthal and radial locations of the inner rotor were varied. Using numerical simulations, performance of the proposed new design was evaluated over a range of tip-speed ratios. The preliminary results identified a 600% increase in power output for multi-stage VAWTs at tip-speed ratios [Formula: see text], and a substantial drop in power coefficient at [Formula: see text]. The wake dynamics analyses revealed that the increase was due to interactions between the blades of one rotor and the other. This reduced the unsteady separation from the outer rotor, which produced most of the power. A detailed parametric study was also completed, which showed the implications of geometric and kinematic details on the performance of the proposed multistage VAWT.
Systemic lupus erythematosus mimicking retinal migraine: a case report
Authors: Tezuka Toshiki , Shibata Mamoru , Hanaoka Hironari , Izawa Yoshikane , Kikuchi Taku , Akino Kunihiko , Ozawa Yoko , Saito Masataka , Kaneko Yuko , Nakahara Jin , Takizawa Tsubasa
Published: December 2023

Background

Retinal migraine is a diagnosis of exclusion and is characterized by repeated episodes of transient monocular blindness associated with migraine. We report a case of systemic lupus erythematosus with acute episodes mimicking retinal migraines.

Case report

A 46-year-old woman with a history of migraine with aura since her 20s and Evans syndrome presented with episodic transient monocular blindness. Retinal migraine was considered as the cause, and migraine prophylaxis initially reduced its frequency. After 5 months, the frequency increased, with chilblain-like lupus lesions on her extremities. Laboratory testing revealed lymphopenia and hypocomplementemia, fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus, which may have caused Evans syndrome and transient monocular blindness, mimicking retinal migraines. After intravenous methylprednisolone and rituximab therapy, the transient monocular blindness episodes did not recur.

Conclusion

Given the clinical presentation, systemic lupus erythematosus should be considered as a cause of transient monocular blindness and should be distinguished from retinal migraine.
Integrating Virtual Reality into Work Zone Flagger Training: Usability Analysis and Behavioral Assessment
Authors: Qing Zhu , Edara Praveen
Published: December 2023

Virtual reality (VR) has found increased use in transportation workforce development. VR offers an immersive and interactive approach to training. This study presents the development and implementation of an interactive VR training module designed for a work zone flagger training course. The module allows up to two trainees to perform the following flagging activities using a pair of VR controllers: (1) turn the STOP/SLOW paddle; (2) teleport to a specific location; and (3) pick up and move traffic cones to direct traffic. A pilot test was first conducted to obtain feedback from course instructors and 12 staff of the Missouri Department of Transportation (MoDOT). The revised module was then implemented at two MoDOT flagger training courses, with 28 MoDOT staff participating. The developed module was evaluated using three instruments—a system usability scale, self-reported engagement, and trainee behavioral measures. The results showed that the VR flagger training module achieved the majority of the intended outcomes. Over 82% of participants strongly agreed or agreed that the VR module helped them focus more during the overall work zone training and 93% of participants stated that VR made them feel more positive about their overall training experience. The behavioral analysis helps instructors evaluate whether trainees accurately followed the safety procedures and guidelines and offer individualized feedback. The evaluation also gathered additional feedback from participants and instructors, leading to further refinements in the VR training module development and implementation.
Rules Versus Risk: Why Perceptions of Pedestrian Comfort and Safety Differ for Interactions with Self-Driving versus Human-Driven Vehicles
Authors: Bardutz Emily , Bigazzi Alexander , Honey-Rosés Jordi , Gill Gurdiljot
Published: December 2023

This study aims to inform the development of pedestrian-friendly self-driving vehicle (SDV) policies by investigating how perceptions of pedestrian comfort and safety are affected by SDV technology. We use structural topic modeling to investigate themes in open response survey comments from participants who viewed and rated short video clips of pedestrian interactions with motor vehicles. Although they were all human-driven vehicles (HDVs), participants were told that half of the interactions (randomly for each individual) involved SDVs. This deception-based survey design enabled isolation of the intrinsic effect of automated driving on comfort and safety perceptions across a broad sample of the population. Model results identified latent topics significantly more likely to be discussed for SDV versus HDV interactions, ceteris paribus. There is a greater focus on pedestrian responsibility to be cautious, aware, and predictable in interactions with SDVs than HDVs. Topics more associated with SDVs tend to focus on strict rule compliance (obligation fulfillment), whereas topics more associated with HDVs tend to focus on risk mitigation (with less focus on rules). Recommendations to mitigate potential negative impacts of introducing SDVs on the attractiveness of walking include requirements for conservative SDV operation in city streets, limiting potential interactions that require negotiated priority with SDVs (through physical separation and clear traffic controls), and enhancing external communication from SDVs.
The Fragility of Merit: Erosion of the Foundation of Public Service Under Trump
Authors: Kellough J. Edward
Published: December 2023

A professional civil service resting on principles of merit is widely considered an essential and well-established feature of modern government. Nevertheless, the foundation of merit upon which the U.S. federal service is erected is not secure. Indeed, the system is quite fragile. It presumes the presence of a President who understands and is committed to the concept of merit and who has the political will to secure its preservation. This fact was made abundantly clear during the Presidency of Donald J. Trump from January of 2017 to January of 2021. This article describes events during the Trump Presidency that illustrate the fragility of the merit system in the U.S. federal government.
Effect of steam explosion and silanization of hemp fibers on polylactic acid biocomposites; analysis of mechanical-thermal properties and fungal biodegradation
Authors: Khanoonkon Nattaporn , Kongsin Kunat , Jampanit Wannapa , Chanwetwirot Chinchuta , Malakul Ramitanun , Chollakup Rungsima , Witayakran‬ Suteera , Chatakanonda Pathama , Boonyarit Jirachaya , Kittikorn Thorsak
Published: December 2023

Alkaline pretreated hemp fibers were modified by steam explosion and/or silanization before being compounded with polylactic acid (PLA). The fungal biodegradation of the PLA/hemp fibers composite was investigated using Aspergillus niger TISTR 3153 in an aqueous medium for 28 days, following the ISO 846: 1997 standard method. The influence of the different physicochemical modifications of hemp fibers on the fungal biodegradation of the composite was evaluated in terms of molecular weight, chemical structure, mechanical properties, thermal properties, and hygroscopic properties. The results showed that the modulus of all composites were averagely increased by 109%, compared to neat PLA. All the PLA/hemp fiber composites better retained their properties after fungal biodegradation than neat PLA. Therefore, the physicochemical treatments of fibers after alkaline pretreatment promoted the resistance of the composite to fungal biodegradation. The treatment of hemp fibers in the present work was alkalization followed by silanization, which resulted in a PLA-based composite that was suitable for outdoor applications.
Occupation, Literacy, Anthropometric Traits, and Life Expectancy of Italian Men Born 1900–1910: Evidence From Military Conscription Registers
Authors: Bruno Francesco , Aceto Mirella Aurora , Abondio Paolo , Paparazzo Ersilia , Bartolomeo Denise , Serra Cassano Teresa , Crocco Paolina , Geracitano Silvana , Filippelli Gianfranco , Passarino Giuseppe , Montesanto Alberto
Published: December 2023

Objective

The aim is to explore the role of anthropometric traits and sociodemographic characteristics on human survival.

Methods

Anthropometrics and sociodemographic data of 1944 conscripts born in the first decade of the 20th century in rural municipalities of Calabria (Southern Italy) who underwent medical examinations for military service were collected. Medical examinations were linked to individual survival data.

Results

Height and type of occupation influenced life expectancy. For taller men, the risk of mortality increases by about 20% when compared with men with middle height, while farmers exhibited a significant survival advantage compared to those with other working experiences.

Discussion

Height and type of occupation were associated with human mortality. These results are likely to be related to the effect of healthy dietary patterns and physical activity on life expectancy. Further studies are needed to understand to what extent these results obtained in a rural context can be generalized to other contexts.
Design of experiments framework for performance and environmental assessment in automotive context
Authors: Antonacci Andrea , Matheis Ralf , Del Pero Francesco , Thirunavukkarasu Dinesh , Delogu Massimo
Published: December 2023

Environmental sustainability is a crucial topic in the mobility industry, where manufacturers face severe legislative requirements to reduce cars’ environmental impacts. To address this, the paper presents a novel assessment approach for life-cycle emissions that aids designers in developing environmentally sustainable automotive products without compromising performance. The method compares different alternatives regarding materials, processes, and geometric parameters from both the performance and environmental perspectives. A Design of Experiments study is conducted to calculate specific objective indicators that indicate improvements or worsening in the design alternative. The Finite Element Method is used to simulate mechanical performance, the Life Cycle Assessment methodology is applied to evaluate the environmental impact of alternatives. An exterior roof component is used as exemplary study, and the most promising alternatives are classified using an aggregated score combining performance and environmental objectives. Additional load cases are used to ensure the suitability of these solutions.
Research on simplified tire finite element modeling and simulation method
Authors: Lu Dang , Yang Wenhao , Wu Haidong , Zhou Tao
Published: December 2023

A simplified tire finite element model modeling and simulation method with high efficiency and accuracy is proposed to address the issues of poor efficiency and low accuracy in tire finite element simulation. Firstly, the detailed finite element model of the tire is established, and the viscoelastic material parameters are determined through theoretical analysis and simulation verification. Then, the Hyperelastic material parameters are obtained through cyclic Tensile testing, and finally, the static tire condition test verification is completed. Based on the established detailed finite element model of the tire, the influence of different rubber materials on the dynamic characteristics of the tire is studied. On this basis, simplified friction and structure models are proposed to complete the establishment of a simplified tire finite element model. The simulation results of lateral and longitudinal slip conditions are compared with experimental data by implanting a finite element friction model that considers slip velocity and contact pressure. Through simulation analysis, it was found that the tread compound has a significant impact on the dynamic characteristics of the tire, while other compounds have a relatively small impact. Simplifying the tire finite element model can significantly improve the efficiency of finite element simulation and reduce convergence issues. The comparison accuracy between the finite element model simulation results and experimental data is relatively high, with the average accuracy of longitudinal force, lateral force, and correction moment reaching 89%, 95%, and 81%, respectively. This verifies the correctness and effectiveness of the simplified tire finite element model modeling and simulation method. This method provides certain reference significance for improving the efficiency of tire finite element simulation and providing virtual matching between tires and the entire vehicle.
Elevated homocysteine levels may moderate and mediate the association between HIV and cognitive impairment among middle-aged and older adults in an underserved population in Baltimore, Maryland
Authors: Lai Hong , Treisman Glenn , Celentano David D , Gerstenblith Gary , Mandler Raul N , Khalsa Jag , Charurat Man , Lai Shenghan , Pearson Godfrey
Published: December 2023

Background: In the antiretroviral therapy (ART) era, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remain a considerable challenge for people with HIV, yet not all such disorders can be attributed to HIV alone. This study aimed to: (1) identify factors influencing neurocognitive impairment (NCI) utilizing the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) as per the revised research criteria for HAND; (2) ascertain the moderating role of high homocysteine levels in the association between NCI and HIV; and (3) assess the mediating effect of elevated homocysteine levels on this association.

Methods: We analyzed data from 788 adults (≥45 years) participating in a study on HIV-related comorbidities in underserved Baltimore communities, using NIHTB-CB to gauge neurocognitive performance. Special attention was given to results from the Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS) test within the executive function domain during causal mediation analysis.

Results: Overall, HIV was not associated with NCI presence. However, HIV was associated with NCI among individuals with homocysteine >14 μmol/L. Furthermore, HIV was both directly and indirectly associated with NCI in DCCS test scores. Notably, the mediating role of elevated homocysteine in DCCS scores was only observable among individuals who had never used cocaine or had used it for ≤ 10 years, suggesting that extended cocaine use may have a substantial influence on cognitive performance.

Conclusions: The findings from this study suggest elevated homocysteine levels may moderate and mediate the association between HIV and neurocognitive impairment.
Immunohistochemical expression of perforin in adult systemic lupus erythematosus associated macrophage activation syndrome: Clinicohematological correlation and literature review
Authors: Velayutham Bakialakshmi , Padhi Somanath , Devi Sujata , Patra Susama , Panigrahi Chinmayee , Ramasubbu Mathan Kumar , Kumar Rajesh , Raheman Samiur
Published: December 2023

Objective

To study the bone marrow (BM) immunohistomorphological characteristics in adult systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated macrophage activation syndrome (SLE-MAS).

Materials and methods

Immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of CD3, CD8, perforin (PFN), and CD163 was studied on BM trephine biopsies from 30 cytopenic adult SLE cases (male: female = 1:5, age; 24 years, range; 19–32) and compared them with ten age matched controls. Clinicopathological parameters were compared among the cases likely (L) or unlikely (U) to have MAS using probability scoring criteria. The best cut off laboratory parameters to discriminate between the two were obtained through receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis.

Results

MAS occurred in 12/30 (40%) cases and was more commonly associated with prior immunosuppressive therapy ( p = .07), ≥ 3 system involvement ( p = .09), lower fibrinogen ( p < .01), increased triglyceride ( p = .002), increased BM hemophagocytosis ( p = .002), and higher MAS score [185 (176–203) vs. 105 (77–119), p < .01] than MAS-U subgroup. Although PFN+CD8+ T lymphocytes significantly decreased among cases than controls ( p < .05), it was comparable between MAS-L and MAS-U subgroups. Fibrinogen (< 2.4 g/L, AUC; 0.93, p < .01), hemophagocytosis score (> 1.5, AUC; 0.71, p = .03), and an MAS probability score of ≥ 164 (AUC; 1, p < .01) discriminated MAS from those without MAS.

Conclusion

We noted a decrease in perforin mediated CD8 + T cell cytotoxicity in SLE. Immunohistochemical demonstration of the same along with histiocytic hemophagocytosis on BM biopsy may be useful adjunct in early diagnosis and management of MAS in SLE.
Does Too Much Closeness Dampen Desire? On the Balance of Closeness and Otherness for the Maintenance of Sexual Desire in Romantic Relationships
Authors: Muise Amy , Goss Sophie
Published: December 2023

Sexual desire for a partner is a unique feature that distinguishes romantic relationships from other close relationships. Yet desire is one of the most fragile relationship elements, often declining over time. Research has shown that the relationship processes that foster closeness (i.e., overlap between the self and partner; interconnection) are associated with higher desire and help couples maintain desire over time. However, this work does not explain how many couples who are quite close and connected can also report low levels of desire. One perspective, mostly from clinical observations and interviews with couples, is that too much closeness in a relationship stifles desire. Here, we review the empirical evidence for the association between closeness (and related constructs) and sexual desire. From this review, we propose that higher closeness is associated with higher desire, and rather than too much closeness stifling desire, high closeness might be optimally linked to desire when paired with a sense of otherness (i.e., distinctiveness between partners that allows for new insights and acknowledgment of unique contributions). Future research refining the concept of “otherness” and considering the balance of closeness and otherness in relationships has the potential to provide new insights into sexual-desire maintenance.
The Prevalence of Stress, Anxiety and Depression Among School Going Adolescents Following Covid Pandemic
Authors: Nandhini Nataraj , Aswini Rajagopal Velu , Naaraayan Sridevi A.
Published: December 2023

Background:

COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown which were its consequences have resulted in both short-term and long-term implications in mental health of adolescents. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression among students in the post-COVID period and its risk factors.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 students studying grades 9–12 in government high schools and higher secondary schools in a city in South India in October and November 2021. A self-administered questionnaire containing socio-demographic data and DASS-21 scale was used. The outcome variable, namely prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression was expressed in proportion with a 95% confidence interval. The relation between an outcome variable and socio-demographic variables was determined by a chi-square test and p value <.05 was considered significant.

Results:

Mean (standard deviation) age was 15.76 (1.104) years and 50.7% were boys. The prevalence (95% confidence interval) of stress, anxiety and depression were 30.3% (25.18–35.88), 47.3% (41.57–53.15) and 56.7% (50.85–62.35), respectively. Maternal illiteracy was significantly associated with stress and depression ( p < .5).

Conclusion:

Consequent to the COVID-19 pandemic, almost one-third of school-going adolescents aged 14–18 years’ experience stress and almost half of them experience anxiety and depression which is comparable to that observed before the onset of this pandemic.
Evaluation of Know & Tell®: Increasing Adults’ Knowledge of Child Maltreatment and Reporting Responsibilities
Authors: Speropolous Lisa
Published: December 2023

Many educational programs aimed at addressing child maltreatment focus on teaching people how to recognize only one type of child maltreatment, most commonly child sexual abuse, rather than all types of abuse and neglect children might experience. Limited empirical evidence exists on the effectiveness of educational programs that teach adults how to identify all types of child maltreatment, as well as what reporting responsibilities are and how to properly make a report of maltreatment once it is suspected. The goal of the present study was to fill that gap by examining whether an educational program called KNOW and TELL® increased participants’ knowledge on how to identify various types of child maltreatment, what the state’s mandated reporting laws are, and how to make a report in the event maltreatment is suspected. A comparison of pre-training and post-training assessment results suggests that participants demonstrated improved knowledge on the signs of child maltreatment, reporting responsibilities, and intervention procedures after completing the training. The findings of this research support the development and implementation of state-specific educational programs that raise awareness on child maltreatment and teach adults what their statutorily mandated responsibilities are and how to report child maltreatment when it is suspected.