bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kebijakan Hukum Pidana Dalam Tindak Pidana Penyelundupan Barang Oleh Korporasi
Authors: Purnomo Andi
Published: July 2023

This study aims to determine the direction of criminal law formulation policy in the criminal act of smuggling goods by corporations according to Law Number 17 of 2006 concerning Amendments to Law Number 10 of 1995 concerning Customs and to determine the model of criminal liability in the criminal act of smuggling goods by corporations. The method of data collection that the author uses in preparing this thesis is by using library research. This library study the author collects data by reading, recording, studying and analyzing the contents of decisions related to the problem, including legislative literature, documents, archives and Supreme Court decision number 1734 K/Pid.Sus/2017, the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia which decided that PT Tujuan Utama was a corporation that was found guilty in the crime of smuggling gold. The result of this study is that in the Supreme Court decision number 1734 K/Pid.Sus/2017 adheres to stricht liability, which is clearly not only individuals (company administrators) who can be held criminally liable, but the corporation / legal entity can also be subject to criminal liability. Of the seven models of criminal liability against corporations, only the vicarious liability and stricht liability models are explicitly adopted in the provisions of Law No. 17 of 2006 amending Law No. 10 of 1995 on Customs in handling criminal acts of smuggling goods by corporations. Meanwhile, other criminal liability models can be considered to be applied in handling criminal acts of smuggling by corporations in the future.
Analisa Penerapan Integral pada Fungsi Konsumsi dalam Perekonomian di Indonesia
Authors: Kamila Dinhaq Lubis Zahra , Kustiawati Dedek , Harlina Harlina , Aulia Putari Cica , Renjani Ratu Utami Salma
Published: July 2023

In this study, the author took the title " Analysis of Integral Application of the Consumption Function in the Indonesian Economy". Economics is a science that discusses how a group of people or individuals make choices. An economic science that is often related to everyday life is consumption. One of the important components for assessing the development of the level of economic well-being of the population is the pattern of people's consumption expenditure. In Indonesia, consumption also has a very dominant role in the economy where the contribution of consumption to the Indonesian economy is very large and dominant, which is between 57.7% and 73.9% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Keynes' theory of consumption explains the relationship between current income (disposable income) and current consumption. This research is prepared based on the method of literature or literature study through reference books related to the preparation of the research discussed, as well as scientific articles such as journals or conference proceedings related to research problems and objectives. The consumption function in the integral is integral to its marginal consumption and conversely consumption is the first derivative of the consumption function with its integral form. In this case, the integral of the consumption function can be used as a calculation to find out the cost of consumption if there is a marginal desire as well as its income.
Proses Peninjauan Kembali Sebagai Wewenang Mahkamah Agung Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Kekuasaan Kehakiman
Authors: Permatasari Yofi , Jinaratana Andika , Rasji Rasji
Published: July 2023

The Supreme Court is the highest state court of all jurisdictions (general courts, religious courts, military courts and state administrative courts), which in carrying out their work must be free from government influence and other influences. Based on article 20 paragraph (2) of the Judicial Powers Act which clarifies that the authority of the Supreme Court is to adjudicate at the cassation level, judicial review, or other authorities listed within the provisions of the law. In the case of a court decision at the cassation level, the parties concerned may be inquired to return it to the Supreme Court, unless something else stipulated by law. The decision requested to be re-appeared must take under consideration certain conditions and mechanisms decided by law. Against the decision of justice once more can not be done recovery again.
Narrativas de resistencia de las mujeres saharauis desde las pedagogías feministas y decoloniales
Authors: Martínez Martín Irene , Bejarano Franco María Teresa , Tellez Delgado Virtudes
Published: July 2023

En un contexto de constante conflicto y refugio el pueblo saharaui tiene mucho que aportar desde las vivencias personales y colectivas de lucha y resistencia y, en particular, las mujeres saharauis como lideresas, organizadoras y sostenedoras de vida en este contexto atravesado por múltiples violencias.
Este artículo tiene un doble objetivo, por un lado, recoger y analizar las narrativas de las mujeres saharauis que realizan tareas de organización social, política y educativa en los campamentos para extraer conocimiento pedagógico desde los feminismos decoloniales; y por otro, atribuir a la formación inicial docente mejores competencias educativas críticas. Se aplica el método de investigación biográfico-narrativo en formato discursivo a partir de 12 entrevistas semi-estructuradas que recogen experiencias de vida en el contexto de la wilaya y en situación de exilio- refugio.
Para el análisis se han propuesto cuatro categorías que han guiado los protocolos de entrevistas: memoria y vivencia política del conflicto; rol colectivo de las mujeres como sostenedoras de vida; cultura colectiva de resistencia frente al conflicto; y elementos de la pedagogía feminista decolonial.
Los resultados extraídos giran en torno a las estrategias que las mujeres saharauis tienen frente a la situación de conflicto, así se destaca: la construcción de espacios propios donde se trasciende lo público y lo privado, las labores de organización política junto al sostenimiento de la vida; la construcción de una identidad cultural y política de resistencia decolonial; la importancia de la educación comunitaria y tradicional en los espacios femeninos intergeneracionales; la necesidad de contar con redes transnacionales de apoyo y de diseñar estrategias de resistencia transformadoras con  proyección a futuro. Estos elementos se discuten desde los aportes de las pedagogías feministas, decoloniales e interseccionales como marco epistémico y de acción para una formación inicial docente más crítica y comprometida.
Challenging the ‘Western’ Narrative: Africa and the Migration Crisis
Authors: Nzally Jimmy Hendry
Published: July 2023

This article seeks to give a critical analysis on the ongoing migration discourse both from an academic and policy perspective. It provides a perspective of Africa’s long history of hosting migrants and refuges including Europeans. It therefore addresses the question as to whether African states have lived up to their refugee and migration protection commitment. By doing so, it also criticizes Europe’s unfair, aggressive, and inhumanly migration policy towards migrants, asylum seekers, and refugee, particularly Africans.  By analyzing existing data on migration, this article debunks the notion that a migration crisis is by nature an African one as if Africans are the only ones entering Europe. This scapegoating of Africans by portraying the continent at disarray will be examined closely. In that light, the article employs an Africanist line of thinking to deconstruct this narrative. This includes referenced interviews offering perspectives on this subject matter. The key question asked is as to what extent the EU should be accountable for human rights’ violation in third countries? The focus is on European Externalization of its borders to third countries in particular North Africa. It takes as an example the 2022 Melilla massacre described by western authorities as a ‘stampede’ in which migrants and refugees were killed while trying to enter Spain. This massacre took place at the borders between Morocco and Spain.  
Key words: Migration, stampede, Democratization, Externalization, Human Rights
COVID – 19 PANDEMIC AND COUNTER INSURGENCY (COIN) OPERATIONS IN THE NORTH EAST OF NIGERIA: IMPERATIVE OF TECHNOLOGY
Authors: EGBUTA UGWUMBA , YANET Aishatu Morido
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Boko Haram insurgency brings with it unprecedented consequences, particularly in records of multiple deaths and devastating effects on socio-economic dynamics of the nation. Since no state would stay without responding to threats to its national security, the federal government of Nigeria adopted both kinetic and non-kinetic approaches to counter the impact of terrorism on its shores. With several attacks from Boko Haram and the resultant consequences in terms of deaths, displacement and economic damages, the group has remained a potent force particularly in the North East and the Sahel region. In the midst of these contending realities is the Corona Virus Disease (COVID -19) that broke out from Wuhan, China in December 2019.  Within the space of few months, the outbreak spiraled into a public health emergency and global pandemic; with rapid spread, high casualty rate and negative impacts on global health and economy. Accordingly, Nigeria like other nations was hit by the virus, causing disruption in its already fragile economy coupled with internal security threats. As a measure of containment, the global lockdown measures resulted in less economic patronage which translated into vulnerabilities like crime rate increase. While other countries were seeking answers to the question of health security, Nigeria was faced with the double tragedy of Boko Haram on one hand; and health insecurity on the other with attendant consequences. In this view, application of technology in combating insecurity as well as health emergencies will be the way to go, particularly, in a world that is technologically driven. This paper examines the imperative of technology in counter insurgency operations. It will adopt the historical approach in its analysis to build a pragmatic approach to reversing the trend.
Keywords: COVID-19, Boko Haram, insurgency, Counterinsurgency Operation, health insecurity
Drivers of Chaos in the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo Warfare
Authors: Kibasomba Man-Byemba Roger
Published: July 2023

Eastern DRC is seriously affected by a protracted warfare involving illicit exploitation of natural resources, corruption, humanitarian crisis and terrorism carried out by armed groups including the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) and the Movement of 23 March (M23). According to DRC government, M23 is a terrorist group supported by Rwanda Defence Forces (RDF). Invasion and terrorism drive the war and the chaos. For Rwanda, fighting and chaos derive from ethnic conflicts over land, citizenship, local political power, and state failures. To many observers, ongoing violence and fighting are driven by rent seeking by Congolese military commanders, lack of State authority, distorted rule of law at both national and local levels, the abuse of public office for private gain (corruption), failed defence/security and justice sector reforms, undisciplined civilian armed and unarmed combatants, warlords and opportunist warmongers. Overall, state failures combined with globalized war diseconomy as conducted by multinational companies, failed multiparty system regarding democratic governance system drive ongoing chaos and armed violence, beyond government control and defence capabilities, despite peace agreements and the involvement of international and regional peace peacekeeping initiatives. Our analysis suggests that the war strategy being used resembles to what McKew refers to as the Gerasimov Doctrine, a chaos theory of political warfare which is used by Russia in Ukraine war. It is a silent total warfare combining politics and war activities with the objective of weakening, controlling and submitting an enemy by influencing its domestic politics and security. It creates a chaotic environment as a result of Clausewitzian friction. Hence, the search for sustainable peace and political stability needs to address factors which drive and sustain the chaos. Such strategic change requires top leadership involvement at the Head of State level, in his capacity of commander in chief of the armed forces. It is a matter of rebuilding the State, transforming non-state forces into a professional military and inducing few innovations into the defence reform process. Such innovations will include establishing territorial armies in eastern provinces where armed groups and foreign forces take advantage of State weaknesses to exploit resources and abuse local defenceless populations.
Secretario técnico del órgano instructor y el deber de neutralidad en la conducción del proceso administrativo disciplinario en el ministerio de desarrollo agrario y riego, 2019
Authors:   , Medina Avalos Gutierrez Liz Monica
Published: July 2023

La presente investigación, postula como Objetivo General demostrar que el marco normativo vigente, no permite otorgar al Secretario Técnico de los Órganos Instructores del Procedimiento Administrativo Disciplinario las plenas garantías para el cumplimiento de sus funciones y deberes, entre las que destaca la neutralidad, lo que a su vez debilita los objetivos que persigue el Proceso Administrativo Disciplinario en el Ministerio de Desarrollo Agrario y Riego, 2019. El tipo de investigación desarrollado en la presente tesis fue descriptiva, deductiva y doctrinaria, teniendo como población a profesionales abogados, Secretarios y/o ex Secretarios Técnicos de los órganos instructores del Ministerio de Desarrollo Agrario y Riego, tomando una muestra de sesenta y tres (63) letrados y/o servidores, a los cuales se les aplico la técnica de la encuesta, mediante instrumento cuestionario. Se concluye y comprueba nuestro postulado, señalando que resulta necesario modificar la normativa vigente de la materia, a efectos que el Secretario Técnico a cargo de la tramitación de los Procedimientos Administrativos Disciplinarios en el Ministerio de Desarrollo Agrario y Riego, no sea designado por el titular de la Entidad, así como tampoco dependa del mismo su estabilidad laboral ni el pago de sus remuneraciones, resultando lo más idóneo que, por razones de especialidad, sea designado y remunerado por la Autoridad Nacional del Servicio Civil - SERVIR.
Preparation and characterization of akara and senke cakes made from cowpea flour paste
Authors: Deborah Oluyemisi Opaleke  , Tunrayo Taibat Adebisi  , Olayinka Ramota Karim  , Ayodele Adenike Oluwadare  , Isoken Ihensekhien  , Simbiat Mojeed Lawal
Published: July 2023

Despite commercial acceptability as diets in some West African and South American households, the bulk of the world's population does not consider akara and senke to be foods due to a lack of scientific proof demonstrating their intrinsic benefits and formulation processes. The focus of this study, therefore, was to prepare and characterize akara and senke developed from dehulled (DH) and undehulled (UDH) cowpea. Sample A (100% DH), Sample B (100% UDH), Sample C (25% UDH: 75% DH), Sample D (75% UDH:25% DH), Sample E (50% UDH:50% DH). Analysis was carried out using standard methods. Results showed that samples E and A had the highest and lowest values for oil absorption capacity (OAC), water absorption capacity (WAC), and loose-packed density (LBD), respectively. Protein (17.40%), carbohydrate (42.33%), and energy (541.72 kcal/g) were the highest for samples A, D, and C, respectively. The fat content (14.44%) was the lowest in sample D, while sample B had the lowest ash content (3.18%). While sample C had the highest L value (50.94), a (13.14) and b (-6.13) were the lowest in sample A. The sensory qualities showed that senke made from Sample E had the highest ratings (except for color) in all the sensory parameters. The average overall acceptability was 7.13, and statistical analysis revealed no significant (p<0.05) differences among the samples. Formulation of dehulled and undehulled cowpea flour paste as cakes has intrinsic nutritional benefits and their consumption should be encouraged globally.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Perilaku Remaja Tentang Periksa Payudara Sendiri (Sadari) pada Siswi Kelas Xi SMAN 86 Jakarta Tahun 2016
Authors: Widyaningsih Eka Bati
Published: July 2023

Self breast examination (BSE) is an early detection of breast cancer that is most recommended for every woman. This action is very important because almost 85% of the lumps in a woman's breast are found by the patient himself. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency distribution and the relationship between behavior and attitude, media exposure, knowledge, parental support and parental education. This research is descriptive analytic with a cross sectional approach using primary data and research techniques by means of systematic random sampling conducted by filling out questionnaires .With a population of 124 respondents and the minimum sample obtained in this study amounted to 95 respondents. The analysis used is univariate and bivariate. Analyze statistical tests through Chi Square test. From the results of the study it was found that there was a significant correlation between media exposure [P value = 0.003, OR = 5.325], knowledge [P value = 0.023, OR = 4.325], parental support [P value = 0.003, OR = 4.951], and there is no significant relationship with attitude [P value = 0.744, OR = 1.342] and parental education [P value = 0.342, OR = 2.379].

 

Latar Belakang: Pemeriksaan payudara sendiri (SADARI) merupakan deteksi dini kanker payudara yang paling banyak dianjurkan bagi setiap wanita. Tindakan ini sangat penting karena hampir 85% benjolan di payudara wanita ditemukan oleh penderita sendiri. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui distribusi frekuensi dan hubungan antara perilaku dengan sikap, keterpaparan media, pengetahuan, dukungan orang tua dan pendidikan orang tua. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional dengan menggunakan data primer dan teknik penelitiannya dengan cara sistematik random sampling yang dilakukan dengan cara pengisian kuesioner.. Dengan jumlah populasi sebanyak 124 responden dan sampel minimal yang didapatkan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 95 responden. Analisa yang digunakan adalah univariat dan bivariat. Analisa uji statistik melalui uji Chi Square. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa ada hubungan yang bermakna antara keterpaparan media [P value = 0,003, OR = 5,325 ], pengetahuan [ P value = 0,023, OR = 4,325], dukungan orang tua [ P value = 0,003, OR = 4,951 ], dan tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna dengan dengan sikap [ P value = 0,744, OR = 1,342 ] dan pendidikan orang tua [ P value = 0,342, OR = 2,379 ].
Review of the Ethno-dentistry Activities of Calotropis gigantea
Authors: Ningsih Diana Setya , Celik Ismail , Abas Abdul Hawil , Bachtiar Boy Muhclis , Kemala Pati , Idroes Ghazi Mauer , Maulydia Nur Balqis
Published: July 2023

Calotropis gigantea is a medicinal herb that thrives in arid climates. All parts of this plant are rich in secondary metabolites, which are very beneficial for health. Phytochemicals of this plant include flavonoid, alkaloids, steroids, cardiac glycosides, and terpenoids, which have a wide range of pharmacological effects. The potential of metabolit compound from C. gigantea can be used in dental treatment. This review describes the potential use of C. gigantea in ethno-dentistry, specifically as anti-caries, soft tissue inflammation (periodontitis and gingivitis), degenerative diseases (tumor/cancer), and wound healing. This review provides general perspectives and basic literature on the use of C. gigantea in the field of etno-dentistry.
Subjectivité et engagement dans Scènes de lutte de classe au Portugal de Robert Kramer et Philip J. Spinelli
Authors: Léon Benjamin
Published: July 2023

C’est au milieu des années 1970 que les cinéastes américains Robert Kramer et Philip J. Spinelli quittent une Amérique en transition – celle de l’après-Vietnam – pour un territoire non moins en transition : le Portugal de l’après-révolution des Oeillets. Ne cherchant pas à inscrire l’événement historique sur les semaines qui suivirent avril 1974 et qui menèrent à la chute de l’Estado Novo (Deuxième République), les réalisateurs se concentrent sur un temps plus long, soit jusqu’en 1976. Ainsi, ils interrogent de façon linéaire la tension fulgurante et chaotique de la Révolution, tout autant que les potentialités politiques réelles du mouvement pour le pouvoir populaire. À travers un travail de montage fragmentaire des événements, Kramer et Spinelli établissent, dans Scènes de lutte de classe au Portugal (1977), un contrepoint analytique distancié mais non moins ambigu d’une écriture de l’histoire in situ. Sans minorer la place de Spinelli en tant que coréalisateur, nous chercherons à recentrer notre propos sur la subjectivité assumée de Kramer dans l’énonciation des faits – la chronique d’une révolution –, laquelle est indissociable de son engagement politique – le positionnement marxiste.
De l’éthique dans la fiction. Regard rétrospectif sur le souci d’autrui chez Bernard Émond
Authors: Thériault Mélissa
Published: July 2023

Au fil des dernières décennies, le cinéaste montréalais Bernard Émond s’est imposé en tant que réalisateur marquant du septième art québécois par une filmographie à contrecourant des tendances dominantes, laquelle jouit d’un indéniable succès critique et d’une reconnaissance internationale. Ce texte propose de porter attention à un phénomène singulier dans l’oeuvre, à savoir une porosité générique qui a permis au réalisateur d’expérimenter différents moyens de défendre l’importance de développer une posture éthique à travers le geste de création. L’hypothèse de départ est que le cinéaste s’est détourné du documentaire au profit de la fiction parce que ce genre est celui qui permet le mieux de répondre à cette exigence éthique. C’est dans cette optique que nous pouvons interroger rétrospectivement les moyens que peut déployer un créateur pour partager un point de vue éthique par le truchement d’une oeuvre de fiction.
Impact of COVID-19 Infection by Federative Entity in Mexico: A Focus on Economic Inequalities and Vulnerability
Authors: Josefina Reynoso-Vázquez , Iliana Suarez-Velasco Alda , Carolina Vázquez-Hernández , Denisse Sánchez-Munive , Gaitan Indira Vega , Carlos Ruvalcaba Ledezma Jesús
Published: July 2023

In December 2019, China announced a SARS CoV-2 virus in the Wuhan market, later announced by the WHO as the COVID-19 pandemic with a global impact on public health. The aim of this review was focused on determining if there are disparities in the impact of COVID-19 associated with the average salary.

Methodology: A documentary review of information detected in the network [Data México] among other sources was carried out, using the keywords; covid-19 pandemic, confirmed cases of covid-19, socioeconomic status and covid-19, socioeconomic disparity and covid-19 as well as cross-checking of confirmed cases of COVID-19, the number of deaths from this cause and salary average of each of the federative entities. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS-Ver 23.

The results denote marked socioeconomic disparities, the impact of covid-19 does not reside in the biology of the virus, but in particularities of the patient, social environment, and other predictors such as marginalization and comorbidities.

Conclusion: Economic disparities, municipal marginalization constitute a predictor of presenting severe forms of COVID-19, an independent association of other predictors such as age and cardio-metabolic comorbidities.
Do emergency medicine residents have access to healthy food options during work hours?
Authors: Kontrick Amy V. , Thakkar Pankti M. , Mycyk Mark B.
Published: July 2023

Background

Relatively little data describe how diet and food choices impact trainee well‐being despite evidence that diet impacts both physical and mental health. The objective was to describe food options available to emergency medicine (EM) residents when on duty.

Methods

A survey utilizing closed‐ended, binary, rank‐order responses was developed by experts in graduate medical education and wellness; it was piloted, revised, and then electronically distributed to 211 EM residency programs over 2 weeks in 2021. The program director (PD) or associate PD was invited to participate.

Results

A total of 114 EM programs participated (54%). The primary teaching site included 43 community hospitals, 23 county hospitals, and 48 university hospitals. Resident access to an onsite hospital cafeteria was most common (97%); other onsite options were vending machines (87%), fresh food fridges (34%), national chains (32%), local restaurants (25%), food trucks (30%), and farmer's markets (11%). More than one‐third (38%) reported that onsite options did not include healthy food, 26% reported being dissatisfied with onsite food, and 35% rarely or never purchased food onsite. Most programs (89%) do not have a dedicated “meal break” for residents while on duty. Few residency programs include diet or nutrition classes or counseling. When programs sponsor meals during residency events, nutritional value and dietary considerations were ranked less important than cost of food and convenience.

Conclusions

Access to healthy food options is not always available during scheduled resident work hours, and dedicated meal breaks are infrequent. These data should inform institutional initiatives to improve the health and well‐being of resident physicians.
Consideration of serum IL‐36α and β levels trends in two patients with chikungunya fever
Authors: Kondo Makoto , Matsushima Yoshiaki , Nakanishi Takehisa , Iida Shohei , Habe Koji , Yamanaka Keiichi
Published: July 2023

Key Clinical Message

IL‐36 might play a role as an initial immune mechanism against chikungunya fever, and regulating IL‐36 production could be a potential treatment approach for this condition.

Two Japanese siblings visited Cook Islands in 2015 and developed Chikungunya fever upon their return. The sister experienced high fever, joint pain, and leg swelling, while the brother had joint pain and a rash. Both siblings had a confirmed CHIKV infection and continued to experience prolonged joint pain, with the sister enduring chronic pain for about a year. In this study, the levels of IL‐36 in the serum of two siblings who were infected with chikungunya fever during the acute and recovery phases were compared using ELISA. IL‐36 is a cytokine that induces inflammation and is produced by cells in tissues such as the skin and mucosa. It was hypothesized that IL‐36 may be involved in persistent joint pain after chikungunya fever infection. Both siblings experienced long‐lasting joint pain after chikungunya fever infection. The levels of IL‐36α and IL‐36β decreased by 56 days after infection. In the results, IL‐36 plays an important role in host immunity and may act as part of the immune response during chikungunya virus infection. Inhibiting the release of IL‐36 could be a promising approach for developing new treatment methods for chikungunya fever.
Heterocyclic Merging of Stereochemically Diverse Chiral Piperazines and Morpholines with Indazoles
Authors: Viveki Amol B. , Mansfield Timothy M. , Tran Kevin A. , Lenkeit Evan , MacKenzie Kevin R. , Young Damian W. , Chamakuri Srinivas
Published: July 2023

We report a heterocyclic merging approach to construct novel indazolo‐piperazines and indazolo‐morpholines. Starting from chiral diamines and amino alcohols, novel regiochemically (1,3 and 1,4) and stereochemically diverse (relative and absolute) cohorts of indazolo‐piperazines and indazolo‐morpholines were obtained within six or seven steps. The key transformations involved are a Smiles rearrangement to generate the indazole core structure and a late‐stage Michael addition to build the piperazine and morpholine heterocycles. We further explored additional vector diversity by incorporating substitutions on the indazole aromatic ring, generating a total of 20 unique, enantiomerically pure heterocyclic scaffolds.
An effective cryptanalysis of DES for secure communication using hybrid cryptanalysis and deep neural network
Authors: F Margret Sharmila , Karuppasamy K.
Published: July 2023

In today's world, information security plays a key role in data storage and communication owing to the modern evolution of digitized data interchange in electronic mode. Cryptography is a widely preferred technique for securing transmitted information by transforming the original text into cipher text. A few cryptographic techniques have the inability to protect the data which are vulnerable to a distinct class of attacks. Therefore, a reliable cryptographic technique is necessitated for enlarging information security. In this paper, a new hybrid cryptanalysis (HCA) model has been proposed to acquire optimal cryptanalysis of data encryption standard (DES). It combines linear cryptanalysis (LCA) and neural cryptanalysis (NCA) for enhancing the performance of the cryptographic system with minimal time complexity. Primarily, the HCA model employs LCA to break cryptographic codes by analyzing linear approximations of the cryptographic algorithm. NCA is then applied with the aid of a deep neural network for identifying patterns in larger datasets. These patterns can be further utilized to break encryption. The efficacy of the proposed HCA model will be assessed through the assessment of three different datasets. The results manifest that the accuracy of the proposed model is increased up to 97.66% and the time needed to break encryption can be reduced.
Overcoming Throughput Limitations of Laser Systems in Solar Cell Manufacturing via On‐The‐Fly Processing Using Polygon Scanners
Authors: Hoppe Georg , Alvarez-Brito Eduardo , Emanuel Gernot , Nekarda Jan , Diehl Moritz , Preu Ralf , Meyer Fabian
Published: July 2023

In this paper, a high‐throughput on‐the‐fly laser processing system for the manufacture of silicon solar cells is proposed. Industrial laser processing machines are systematically limited in a trade‐off between throughput and focal spot size. Additionally, today's laser power and repetition rates cannot be fully utilized because of limited galvanometer scan speeds. This work aims to overcome this using a polygon scanner in an on‐the‐fly laser processing operation. Unlike conventional approaches, this setup does not use high‐precision positioning systems, but reduces wafer transport to a simple conveyor belt to optimize system cost, space, integrability, and cycle rate. The concept is implemented in a demonstrator setup. Applying a laser contact opening process, a throughput of 10 000 wafers per hour is demonstrated. A potential throughput of 13400 wafers per hour is calculated, considering the utilization of more powerful lasers. Inaccuracies due to the unevenness of the surface as well as transport speed oscillations are analyzed and shown not to have an impact on the efficiency of the cells processed with this setup. The throughput is increased five times compared to the theoretical upper‐throughput limitation for the same structure processed by a galvanometer‐driven laser system.
Systems Engineering applied in the construction industry to achieve a BREEAM certification
Authors: Helseth Hanne Lunden , Haskins Cecilia
Published: July 2023

Buildings have environmental impacts over their entire life cycle, which often exceed 50 years. Today buildings are responsible for 40‐50% of all energy usage and anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions globally. Green constructions are gaining increased attention, and a variety of building certifications provide a rating system designed to help develop buildings that are more sustainable, i.e., energy efficient, with zero emissions. BREEAM is a well‐known certificate with a clear outcome, and by satisfying different targets a building may gain points to achieve a certain benchmark rating. The construction industry in the last decade has shown an increased interest in Systems Engineering (SE). This thesis investigates the barriers to BREEAM and considers whether SE practices can help systematize the assessment process and make it less resource intensive. The research shows that there is a desire in the industry for a more systematic approach to achieving a BREEAM certification. The results indicate that an early life phase investment with a high focus on the requirements, in addition to a systematic use of the V‐model and hierarchy diagram, is useful.
By Any Other Name: Enabling Systems Engineering in an Unsupportive Environment
Authors: Arnold Eileen , McKinney Dorothy
Published: July 2023

Engineers may find themselves in an organization which does not value systems engineering, or worse, in an organization which is hostile to systems engineering practices. The purpose of this paper is to help such engineers do effective systems engineering despite the lack of support. This paper offers a description of the variation found in top management beliefs and engineering cultures to aid in a diagnosis of the workplace environment. This paper then offers suggestions for appropriate actions suitable to each combination of top management belief and cultural support or hindrance for systems engineering practices. These actions may help individual engineers to implement effective systems engineering despite hindrances from the organizational culture or top management. Several case studies are included to illustrate how the approaches described have been implemented in their own experience.
Systems Engineering Integration and Test Challenges due to Security Measures in a Cloud‐Based System
Authors: Dano Eric B.
Published: July 2023

Cloud based systems have become popular with company's Chief Information Officers and Chief Technical Officers due to their ability to support a wide range of Web based applications and services including; scalability to allow users to increase/decrease their cloud footprint real time based on demand, load balancing to optimize computing performance, and failover which allows processing/memory assets to be reassigned real time when a failure is detected or predicted on the current processing assets. In addition, organizations can lower their Information Technology (IT) costs by deferring their infrastructure maintenance/costs to the Cloud Service Provider (CSP). However, Cloud‐based security threats and mitigations are well documented in literature, and address multiple client side, network, and cloud side (service/application and data) vulnerabilities. Defined mitigations include the use of access control, encryption, key management, digital signatures, and intrusion detection/prevention systems to yield a secure cloud‐based system. Implementing these security measures adds significant system functionality to the already complex cloud‐based system that must be assessed by the system architect. The additional requirements and development must be managed by the systems engineering team, and the increased integration and test must be addressed by the systems engineering integration and test lead. This paper will highlight the scope growth realized when a system interfaces into the cloud, relative to equivalent non‐cloud based systems. The added scope will be shown to include the development, integration and test of security related hardware and software configuration items, development of significant integrated test equipment/test vectors to verify the security functionality over a wide range of conditions, multiple cooperative systems/software led activities to analyze and test software throughout its development, and the system accreditation efforts to get authorization to tie into the cloud. With this information, the systems engineering leads will have a better understanding of the challenges involved with integrating and testing a cloud‐based system and can then properly plan and budget for this activity. This paper will focus specifically on a public cloud based implementation. Hybrid and private cloud implementations will not be addressed herein.
Multi‐Disciplinary Insights into Measurement and Assessment for SoS
Authors: Pratt Jaci M , Cook Stephen C
Published: July 2023

The assessment of performance and quality is essential to the engineering and evolution of Systems of Systems (SoS); however, there has been limited discussion of SoS measurement and evaluation in the literature. This paper reviews the measurement and assessment literature across multiple disciplines to address this gap and applies constructive research to design principles and concepts for SoS evaluation. Relevant challenges and best practice elements are identified within each discipline for comparison against the nature and characteristics of Systems of Systems. These elements are then synthesized into three key areas necessary for SoS evaluation: measure development, determination of good metrics, and assessment. While further work has been identified and initiated on methods for the generation of such metrics, this study provides practitioners with the core practices and principles necessary to enable tailored and enhanced SoS assessment.
Revisiting the role of total fatty matter in soap bars
Authors: Dastidar Sudipta Ghosh , Yarovoy Yury , Leopoldino Sergio R. , Agarwal Parakh , Ghosh Chandrasekar , Bangal Amalendu , Perala Siva Rama Krishna , Chakrapani Hitesh G. , Joseph Maya T. , Vincent Carol , Rodseth Clare , Katz Melissa , Singh Vaishali , Hegishte Swapnil , King Henry , Ghatlia Naresh , Sanzgiri Vibhav , Raut Janhavi S.
Published: July 2023

More than 10 million tonnes of metal salts of fatty acids are manufactured worldwide every year, to create a range of soft condensed‐matter cosmetic products such as bar soaps, liquid washes, deodorant sticks, skin creams, toothpastes, and so on. These salts, popularly known as soaps, mainly use palm or tallow‐based oils as the source of fatty acids. Soap bars comprised of more than 80% soaps alone account for a significant part of the global oil/fat footprint in non‐edible usage. The COVID pandemic highlighted the need for hygiene and germ protection, thereby driving the consumption of soap bars further. Providing these personal hygiene assets to all strata of society while minimizing the negative impact on the environment through increased material consumption is a critical challenge faced by the soap industry today. Considerable research is ongoing toward making more sustainable soap bars by reducing the use of oils/fats without compromising the sensory and functional performance. Another challenge faced is that in many geographies, soap bars must comply with regulatory standards which mandate minimum levels of oils/fats (called TFM—total fatty matter) in the product with no reference to the performance or benefits provided. What this paper will demonstrate is that there are technologies to manufacture soap bars that meet the desired product performance independent of the level of TFM. These technologies have the potential to provide formulation flexibility and environmental benefits by opening the ingredient space and cutting down significantly on greenhouse gas emissions through reduced consumption of oils.
Routine Contrasted Chest CT Accurately Identifies Anatomic Variations of the Proximal Subscapular System
Authors: Hairston Hayden , Gardner James R. , Hagood Joshua , King Deanne L. , Vural Emre A. , Moreno Mauricio A. , Benson Donald G. , Sunde Jumin
Published: July 2023

Objective

The vascular anatomy of the proximal subscapular artery has been previously classified into 2 major types depending on the presence of a common subscapular trunk. The purpose of this study was to determine the utility, reliability, and cost of routine chest imaging to identify these anatomical variations.

Methods

Data were collected retrospectively at a tertiary medical center for patients who were undergoing CT chest for various indications between October 2019 and October 2020. Two independent and blinded readers interpreted CT chest with contrast of 52 patients for a total 104 sides.

Results

The proximal branching pattern of the subscapular system was identified to have a common trunk in 99 (95%) sides. The remaining five sides (5%) demonstrated two arterial pedicles; with one patient exhibiting the variant anatomy bilaterally.

Conclusion

Preoperative CT chest with contrast can accurately identify anatomic variation of the subscapular vascular system. For complex reconstruction requiring a single anastomosis in the vessel depleted neck, preoperative imaging can assure selection of a type I vascular anatomy of the proximal subscapular system. Preoperative imaging with contrasted CT has value in assessing this anatomy when planning for chimeric flaps involving circumflex scapular and thoracodorsal arteries.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 134:684–687, 2024
Prevalence of Postpartum Depression in Mothers Presenting to a Pediatric Otolaryngology Clinic
Authors: Klatzkow Hannah , Gitomer Sarah , St. John‐Larkin Celeste , Scholes Melissa Anne , Cooper Emily
Published: July 2023

Objectives

To further understand specific risk factors for the development of postpartum depression (PPD) amongst mothers of infants with common otolaryngologic diagnoses.

Methods

A prospective cohort study was performed to screen for PPD in mothers of infants presenting to the pediatric otolaryngology clinic. After obtaining consent for inclusion, subjects were administered the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, which was completed during the visit. The primary outcome measure was the rate of positive screening, with additional data obtained to include demographic and diagnostic information.

Results

The overall rate for positive PPD screening in included subjects was 18.8%. An increased rate of positive PPD screening was demonstrated amongst the subgroups of frequent noisy breathing (25%) and lip tie (26.7%).

Conclusion

This study provides additional insight into risk factors for the development of PPD. This highlights the potential benefit of increased screening within the population of mothers presenting to the pediatric otolaryngologic clinic, which could improve long‐term health outcomes for both mother and child.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 134:973–976, 2024
Capacity choice with upstream investment
Authors: Hu Qing , Mizuno Tomomichi
Published: July 2023

We consider a vertically related market with an upstream firm engaging in cost‐reducing investment and
downstream firms competing on quantity. We analyze the capacity choice by downstream firms. We find that input price decreases with production capacity if many downstream firms exist or the investment is efficient. More importantly, in the previous research, it is shown that the duopolistic downstream firms always choose undercapacity in a vertical market with an upstream firm. However, we find that overcapacity occurs in equilibrium if the number of downstream firms is large or the upstream investment is efficient.
Climate‐driven ‘species‐on‐the‐move’ provide tangible anchors to engage the public on climate change
Authors: Pecl Gretta T. , Kelly Rachel , Lucas Chloe , van Putten Ingrid , Badhe Renuka , Champion Curtis , Chen I‐Ching , Defeo Omar , Gaitan‐Espitia Juan Diego , Evengård Birgitta , Fordham Damien A. , Guo Fengyi , Henriques Romina , Henry Sabine , Lenoir Jonathan , McGhie Henry , Mustonen Tero , Oliver Stephen , Pettorelli Nathalie , Pinsky Malin L. , Potts Warren , Santana‐Garcon Julia , Sauer Warwick , Stensgaard Anna‐Sofie , Tingley Morgan W. , Verges Adriana
Published: July 2023

Over recent decades, our understanding of climate change has accelerated greatly, but unfortunately, observable impacts have increased in tandem. Both mitigation and adaptation have not progressed at the level or scale warranted by our collective knowledge on climate change. More effective approaches to engage people on current and future anthropogenic climate change effects are urgently needed.

Here, we show how species whose distributions are shifting in response to climate change, that is, ‘species‐on‐the‐move’, present an opportunity to engage people with climate change by linking to human values, and our deep connections with the places in which we live, in a locally relevant yet globally coherent narrative.

Species‐on‐the‐move can impact ecosystem structure and function, food security, human health, livelihoods, culture and even the climate itself through feedback to the climate system, presenting a wide variety of potential pathways for people to understand that climate change affects them personally as individuals.

Citizen science focussed on documenting changes in biodiversity is one approach to foster a deeper engagement on climate change. However, other possible avenues, which may offer potential to engage people currently unconnected with nature, include arts, games or collaborations with rural agriculture (e.g. new occurrences of pest species) or fisheries organisations (e.g. shifting stocks) or healthcare providers (e.g. changing distributions of disease vectors).

Through the importance we place on the aspects of life impacted by the redistribution of species around us, species‐on‐the‐move offer emotional pathways to connect with people on the complex issue of climate change in profound ways that have the potential to engender interest and action on climate change.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Rifampicin‐induced acute tubulointerstitial nephritis during pulmonary tuberculosis treatment: A case report
Authors: Moussa Chirine , Esbaa Samia , Rouis Houda , Sellami Nada , Hajji Meriam , Houcine Yoldez , Khattab Amel , Khouaja Ibtihel , Zendah Ines , Maâlej Sonia
Published: July 2023

Drug‐induced tubulointerstitial nephritis is an uncommon complication in patients on anti‐tuberculosis therapy that can lead to permanent kidney damage. Rifampicin is the most offending drug. We report a case of a 41‐years old man being treated for pulmonary tuberculosis and presenting with tubulointerstitial nephritis associated with rifampicin. We focus on diagnosis features and therapeutic challenges.
Active Components of Rosa laevigata Michx. Isolated Using Activity‐Guided Methods Based on LC‐MS/MS for Treating Alzheimer's Disease through Multitarget Mechanisms
Authors: Gao Pinyi , Cheng Yan , Si Xingxing , Li Jialuo , Zhang Wenchao , Zhang Lixin , Li Lingzhi , Liu Xuegui , Li Danqi
Published: July 2023

Rosa laevigata Michx., a member of the Rosaceae family, is a famous traditional Chinese medicine and edible food in Asian countries. The major active ingredient is triterpenoid, which has anti‐Alzheimer's Disease (AD), antioxidant and neuroprotection properties. However, the properties of “multi‐component structure” and “multi‐directional target” make it impossible to explain the molecular mechanism by conventional ways. The present study aimed to predict the multi‐target mechanisms of triterpenoids in R. laevigata against AD using high performance liquid chromatography equipped with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (HPLC‐Q‐TOF MS) approach, network pharmacology analysis, dynamics simulation (MDs) and validation of the predicted results with straight‐target tests as well as neuroprotection model. Firstly, bioassay‐guided fractionation of R. laevigata integrated with LC‐MS/MS analysis of the most prospective enriched fractions in terms of anti‐AD efficacy was commenced. Subsequently, multi‐level network model of “multi components‐multi‐targets‐multiple pathways” was established based on the identification of 69 triterpenoids. Complementarily, 64 AD‐related targets were identified through various databases. Network structure analysis illuminated that the intricate pharmacological mechanisms improving cognitive dysfunction of AD was superiorly combined with the crucial targets of APP, APOE, VEGFA, IL1B, MAPT, PSEN1 and BACE and further regulation of principal pathways as HIF‐1 and Calcium signaling pathways. In addition, AChE, BChE and BACE inhibitory activities in vitro showed that nine compounds exhibited potential inhibitory activities. The neuroprotective effects also had a similar effect on H2O2‐induced SH‐SY5Y cell injury. The results show that R. laevigata and its bioactive triterpenoids can pave the way for potential application as inhibitors for treatment of AD.