bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ECONOMIC CYBERNETICS
Authors: Lawler K. , Moscardini A. O. , Vlasova T. , Mubarak D.
Published: July 2020

This paper begins with a consideration of the work of Leijonhufvud, who, in the 1960’s, introduced what he termed “cybernetics” to correct many of the perceived weaknesses in macroeconomic theory. The authors use current advances in systems thinking to develop their own definition of Cybernetics and provide an example to illustrate how this definition of cybernetics can produce meaningful economic questions. The paper concludes with a synthesis of economic and cybernetic ideas which is termed “Economic Cybernetics”. This term is common in the former Soviet countries but is unfamiliar to western audiences.
La transmisión de valores sociales a través de Internet
Authors: Renes-Arellano Paula , Alvites-Huamaní Cleofé Genoveva , Caldeiro-Pedreira Mari-Carmen
Published: July 2020

La presencia de Internet y la necesidad de comprender cómo afecta su uso en la adquisición de valores sociales en el contexto universitario, han promovido la realización de esta investigación. El objetivo general es analizar las relaciones entre la presencia de valores sociales y la utilización de Internet de los estudiantes universitarios. El estudio de corte descriptivo presenta un diseño no experimental, con una muestra de 305 estudiantes de tres universidades españolas y una chilena, adscritas a las facultades de educación y ciencias humanas y sociales. Los resultados han contrastado la hipótesis general relacionando la presencia de valores sociales como resultado de fines comunicativos en los estudiantes universitarios, (p=0.011). Asimismo, se han contrastado las hipótesis específicas. En la primera (H1), la presencia de valores sociales se relaciona significativamente con la dimensión relevancia del uso de Internet (p=0.0370.05). En la segunda (H2), la presencia de valores sociales se relaciona significativamente con los años de uso de Internet en los estudiantes (p=0.0010.05). En la tercera (H3), el uso de Internet en horas a la semana se relaciona con que Internet transmite valores (p=0.0480.05). Y en la cuarta (H4), la dimensión finalidad de uso de Internet para obtener información, comunicarse y entretenimiento de los estudiantes se relaciona con que Internet transmite valores sociales (p=0.030.05).Palabras Clave: Educación Superior; Internet; comunicación; valores sociales; percepción del alumnado.
Validación de una Escala para la Evaluación de las Actitudes hacia la Educación Inclusiva en la formación inicial del educador social
Authors: Pegalajar Palomino Mª del Carmen
Published: July 2020

En este trabajo se presenta el proceso de diseño y validación de una escala que pretende analizar las actitudes y la formación inicial de futuros educadores sociales hacia la educación inclusiva. Así pues, se ha analizado de validez de contenido del instrumento a partir del juicio de expertos y una prueba piloto, aplicándose la escala a una muestra de 245 estudiantes de 4º curso del Grado en Educación Social de la Universidad de Jaén. Para la validez de constructo, se ha realizado el análisis factorial determinándose la existencia de cuatro factores que explican el 51.25% de la varianza. Además, se han obtenido correlaciones significativas entre los factores previamente definidos. Por su parte, el análisis de fiabilidad ha demostrado resultados bastante favorables, lo que consolida la adecuada consistencia interna de la escala. Se trata, por tanto, de un instrumento válido y fiable que permite comprobar las actitudes y percepciones hacia la formación inicial recibida sobre educación inclusiva del estudiante del Grado en Educación Social, como profesional que persigue la mejora de la educación bajo los principios de equidad e inclusión.Palabras clave: Educación Social; actitud del estudiante; Educación Especial; integración social.
Restoration of soil microbiome in various soil horizons after crown and surface wildfires
Authors: Gladkov Grigory V. , Chebykina Ekaterina Yu. , Evdokimova Elizaveta V. , Ivanova Ekaterina A. , Kimeklis Anastasiia K. , Zverev Alexey О. , Kichko Arina A. , Andronov Evgeny E. , Abakumov Evgeny V.
Published: July 2020

Fires have a strong effect on soil microbiome, and the mechanisms of soil restoration after fires are currently not well understood. This study describes the characteristics of microbial communities in the Psamment Entisol soils of pine forests in the city of Togliatti after forest crown and surface fires. Geochemistry, soil respiration and microbial community structure via 16S rRNA gene sequencing were studied in different soil horizons. Both crown and surface fires resulted in the variations of microbial diversity and shifts in taxonomic composition. There is a tendency to an increase in the proportion of representatives from phyla Actinobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes for soil samples recovering after fires. An increase in the proportion of bacteria (Micrococcaceae, Blastocatellaceae) associated with the degradation of substances formed after combustion also has been shown. The research has shown that the crown fire has a smaller effect on the soil microbiome than the surface fire, the largest changes in the microbiome structure were found in the intermediate horizon. At the same time, differences in the structure of the soil microbiome between horizons are intensified after exposure to the soil of a surface fire.
Análises dos indicadores físico-químicos, microbiológicos e parasitológicos de contaminação ambiental em amostras de água da Lagoa Mundaú, em Alagoas
Authors: Mendes Newton César de Lima , Lessa Ana Gabrielle de Barros , Martins Isabelle Cavalcante , Ferreira Júnior Genildo Cavalcante , Costa Hyngrid Assíria Amorim , Miranda Paulo Rogério Barbosa de , Rocha Thiago José Matos
Published: July 2020

O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal analisar as propriedades físico-químicas (pH, temperatura, amônia, nitrato e oxigênio dissolvido) e fazer análises microbiológica e parasitológica em amostras de água da Lagoa Mundaú, em Alagoas. Todas as análises foram realizadas no Laboratório de Pesquisa do Centro Universitário Cesmac e no Laboratório Central Analítica Alagoas Ltda., através de equipamentos clássicos e kits alternativos. Foram observados os seguintes resultados com relação aos parâmetros físico-químicos analisados: pH 7,29 ± 0,395, amônia 12,22 ± 1,74 mg/L, nitrito 0,0105 ± 0,001 mg/L, nitrato 0,199 ± 0,092 mg/L e oxigênio dissolvido (OD) médio de 5,136 ± 1,031 mg/L. A partir das análises microbiológicas da qualidade da água da Lagoa Mundaú, observa-se que esta apresentou resultados preocupantes e insatisfatórios quanto a condições propícias para a balneabilidade, tendo em vista que, em todas as amostras (100%) de água analisadas, observou-se a presença de coliformes totais e Escherichia coli. As análises parasitológicas não revelaram a presença de nenhum parasito de importância médica.
Fertilização organomineral e águas salinas na produção de fitomassa de Capsicum annuum
Authors: Mesquita Francisco De Oliveira , Souto Antônio Gustavo Luna , Diniz Adriana Araújo , Alves Jackson De Mesquita , Lima Alex Serafim de , Japiassú André , Azevedo Francisco Roberto de
Published: July 2020

Um experimento foi executado em casa de vegetação, no período de março a abril de 2018, no município de Crato-CE, com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de biofertilizantes (comum e rico quimicamente) em substrato irrigado com diferentes composições de águas salinas sobre a produção de fitomassa de mudas de pimentão amarelo, variedade Sucesso (952). O experimento foi desenvolvido utilizando um material ou substrato dos primeiros 20 cm de um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 5 x 3, com três repetições, referentes aos valores de condutividade elétrica da água (CEa) de irrigação 0,5; 1,0; 2,0; 3,0 e 4,0 dS m-1, no solo sem o insumo orgânico, no solo com biofertilizante comum e, ainda, no solo com biofertilizante rico, totalizando 45 tratamentos, acondicionados em sacos de polietileno preto com capacidade máxima de 3,0 kg. O biofertilizante, depois de diluído na proporção de 3:1, foi aplicado uma única vez a 10% do volume do substrato, dois dias antes da semeadura. A irrigação com águas salinas afetou a morfologia e a qualidade de mudas de pimentão amarelo (cv. Sucesso), mas com menor intensidade nos tratamentos que receberam o insumo orgânico comum e o rico, respectivamente.
Descrição biométrica de plantas e dos atributos quanti-qualitativos de frutos de icozeiro (Capparis yco) procedentes de áreas espontâneas no semiárido paraibano
Authors: Dias Cícero Silva , Freire José Lucínio De Oliveira , Arruda Jandeilson Alves de
Published: July 2020

The icozeiro (Capparis yco) is an endemic plant in the northeastern Brazil, with spontaneous access occurring in micro regions of the semi-arid region of Paraíba. However, there is practically no information about the plant or the characterization of its fruits from Curimataú in Paraíba. Based on that, this research aimed to describe the biometric characteristics of plants and the physical and chemical attributes of icozeiro fruits coming from spontaneous accesses. In plants, the variables evaluated were the following: height, stem diameter, crown diameter, leaf length and width, length of floral rachis, number of flowers per panicle and number of fruits. In the fruits, the physical characters were analyzed (equatorial diameter and length, total fresh mass, peel mass, seed mass, pulp mass, number of seeds, percentage of peel, percentage of peel, peel thickness and pulp yield), and chemical attributes (contents of soluble solids and pH). The plants presented average heights of 2.7 ± 0.8 m. Average canopy diameter was 2.4 ± 1.0 m, and average floral rachis length was 10.8 ± 4.9 cm and between 3.0 and 58.0 flowers per panicle. Analysis of fruits indicated an average mass of 77.7 ± 35.7 g, 12 ± 7.2 seeds per fruit, average pulp yield of 44.1 ± 8.5%, soluble solids between 11.0 oBrix and 33.0 oBrix and pH between 3.3 and 6.4. The icozeiro has a low medium size, being characterized as a shrubby plant, resistant to the edaphoclimatic weather of the region, remaining green, producing flowers and fruits in periods of drought. With regards to fruits, they presented aspects that are compatible with the requirements for industrial processing and fresh consumption in the domestic consumer market, which does not impede studies about their processing. Considering results presented and the domestic market, fresh consumption can be advantageous.
Sazonalidade da mesofauna edáfica em fragmentos de vegetação de caatinga no semiárido nordestino do Brasil
Authors: Souza Mayara Andrade , Araujo Kallianna Dantas , Santos Élida Monique da Costa , Alves Gilcean Silva , Costa João Gomes da
Published: July 2020

A mesofauna edáfica compreende os organismos decompositores da serapilheira depositada na superfície que participam diretamente do processo de ciclagem de nutrientes e da formação da matéria orgânica, essenciais para manter a qualidade do solo. Dessa forma, objetivou-se quantificar a abundância, riqueza e diversidade da mesofauna edáfica em ambientes de caatinga no Semiárido de Alagoas. Para esta pesquisa foram selecionadas duas áreas de caatinga nativa, localizadas em Olho D’Água do Casado (área I) e Delmiro Gouveia (área II), no estado de Alagoas, em áreas de vegetação caracterizada como caatinga hipoxerófila. As coletas foram realizadas bimestralmente no período de fevereiro de 2012 a outubro de 2013. Para a coleta da mesofauna, foram utilizados vinte pontos pré-selecionados, de onde foram retiradas amostras de solo + serapilheira, com auxílio de anéis metálicos, a 5 cm de profundidade do solo. As amostras foram levadas à bateria de extratores Berlese-Tullgren modificada para a extração dos organismos, e posteriormente os organismos capturados foram quantificados e identificados na ordem dos grandes grupos taxonômicos. Para mensurar a riqueza dos grupos, utilizaram-se o Índice de Diversidade de Shannon e o Índice de Equabilidade de Pielou. Os grupos dominantes da mesofauna do solo na área I foram Acarina, Collembola, Isoptera e Psocoptera, enquanto na área II foram Acarina, Collembola, Psocoptera e Hymenoptera.
Utilização de água residuária tratada na recuperação da fertilidade de solo degradado no semiárido paraibano
Authors: Martins Emanoel Lima , Fraga Vânia Da Silva , Medeiros Salomão De Sousa
Published: July 2020

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de água residuária tratada na recuperação dos teores de matéria orgânica e fósforo em um solo degradado na região semiárida. Foi realizado um experimento com irrigação de cinco espécies florestais da caatinga, no qual foram aplicados três tratamentos que consistiram na variação do tipo e do volume de água aplicados ao solo: 7 L por semana de água de abastecimento; 7 L por semana de água residuária; e 14 L por semana de água residuária. Após decorridos dois anos de irrigação, foram retiradas amostras do solo e analisadas quanto aos teores de matéria orgânica e fósforo. O teor de matéria orgânica no tratamento com aplicação de 14 L de água residuária em relação à aplicação de água de abastecimento foi cinco vezes superior na camada superficial e oito vezes na subsuperficial, respectivamente. A partir dos resultados encontrados, pode-se considerar que a utilização de água residuária de esgotos domésticos tratados é uma alternativa para a recuperação da capacidade produtiva do solo, pelo incremento nos teores de matéria orgânica e fósforo. A irrigação com água residuária tratada pode proporcionar incremento elevado nos teores de matéria orgânica e fósforo no solo até os 30 cm de profundidade.
Sistema de proteção microcontrolado para motores elétricos de indução trifásicos
Authors: Soares Gabriel Gutierrez Pereira , Torres Kaic Bezerra , Melo Arthur Aprígio de , Meira Marcos Cavalcante , Batista Thiago Carvalho , Maciel Alvaro De Medeiros
Published: July 2020

Este artigo apresenta um sistema microcontrolado de baixo custo, com utilização de sistema inovativo com o objetivo de detectar falhas e proteger motores assíncronos trifásicos na ocorrência de perturbações de natureza mecânica ou elétrica que produzem inversão de fases, falta de fases ou sobrecorrentes. Detectar com rapidez e diagnosticar essas falhas evita danos, elimina a necessidade de paradas para manutenções corretivas e reduz os custos com manutenções, melhora a vida útil e o rendimento dessas máquinas. Com essa finalidade, o sistema desenvolvido utiliza o microcontrolador ATmega328, que é compacto, fácil de programar e de custo reduzido. Nesse microcontrolador é aplicado um algoritmo que monitora a atuação do sistema proposto ao utilizar linguagem de programação própria da plataforma de prototipagem Arduino.
Para os três tipos de falhas, o sistema desenvolvido atende às especificações exigidas pelas normas técnicas vigentes. A inversão e a ausência de fases que alimentam o motor de indução são realizadas manualmente no kit didático da De Lorenzo, fabricante italiano, e as ocorrências de sobrecorrentes nas três fases são produzidas pela frenagem do rotor do motor utilizado quando um freio de Foucault é acionado. Resultados experimentais demonstram a viabilidade e eficácia do sistema proposto.
Construção de foguete de água na Educação Infantil: possibilidades de iniciação científica
Authors: Sinieghi Ana Luiza Matos Lopes , Andrade dos Santos Josefa Edivoneide , Barreto Maria Auxiliadora Motta , Sinieghi João Paulo
Published: July 2020

A iniciação científica pode começar a ser realizada de forma sistemática desde o início da escolaridade, facilitando a aprendizagem e instigando a curiosidade das crianças. O presente trabalho aborda o tema da Iniciação Científica na Educação Infantil, relatando uma experiência escolar. O objetivo principal foi despertar e incentivar o interesse e a curiosidade das crianças para os conhecimentos da Física, por meio de atividades lúdicas, buscando proporcionar a compreensão e o entendimento de fenômenos físicos que envolvem água, ar e pressão, conduzindo aulas práticas e inovadoras baseadas na investigação e na experimentação. As etapas da pesquisa foram desenvolvidas por meio de uma sequência didática que focou especificamente na repercussão e demonstração de um foguete de água, sendo sujeitos da pesquisa vinte e cinco crianças do Nível II da Educação Infantil, numa escola da rede privada de ensino no Vale do Paraíba, no estado de São Paulo. Foram feitos registros por fotos, gravação em vídeo com posterior transcrição e organização em episódios interativos (EI). A análise dos dados permite afirmar que houve um aumento dos conhecimentos dos alunos quanto ao tema abordado, de forma lúdica.
La uretro-vesico suspensión de Marshall - Marcheti - Krantz en la corrección de la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo
Authors: Bernal Enrique
Published: July 2020

La incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo en la mujer es una afección común y embarazosa generalmente atribuible al menos en parte, a alguna forma de traumatismo en el momento del parto. Su relación con el prolapso vaginal y uterino es inconstante.
Mola hidatiforme. Comentarios a propósito de 168 observaciones
Authors: Acosta Bendek Eduardo
Published: July 2020

1. Revisión completa de 144 casos de M. H., en el lapso de 8 años, con referencias sobre su patogenia y curso clínico.2.La incidencia molar registrada fue de una mola por cada 311 embarazos y 1.247 partos.3.La mayor edad de las pacientes guardó relación con la malignidad de la mola.4.La mola hidatiforme resultó ser más frecuente en las pacientes multíparas.5.El síntoma y signo más frecuente registrado fue la hemorragia y la desproporción del crecimiento uterino.6.El tiempo de duración de la hemorragia mayormente registrado fue el comprendido entre la 1ª y 8ª semanas.7.El error diagnóstico más frecuente fue con la amenaza de aborto.8.El test hormonal es un auxiliar valioso en el diagnóstico y control posterior de la M. H.9.El diagnóstico de la M. H. debe ser seguido de su evacuación inmediata, siendo la vía vaginal la preferida.10.Si después de la 8ª semana de evacuada la mole, el test hormonal continúa positivo y los síntomas y signos anteriores persisten, se aconseja hacer histerectomía.11.El cuadro histopatológico no permite hacer el diagnóstico de malignidad o benignidad de la M. H., sin exponerse a un error.12.La morbilidad más frecuente registrada fue la endometritis crónica.13.La M. H. registró una malignidad de 6.4% en los 144 casos estudiados.14.La mortalidad registrada de la M. H. en los 144 casos fue de 4.2%.15.Se registró un corioepitelioma por cada 20.5 casos de M. H. y un corioadenoma destruens por cada 72 molas.16.En el total de gestaciones, la malignidad fue de un corioepitelioma por cada 4.363 embarazos y de una por c/d. 3.464 partos.Finalmente, deseo expresar mis agradecimientos a los doctores Julio Duva Palacio por su colaboración en la preparación de este trabajo y Arturo Alvarez, Patólogo del Hospital de Ba- rranquilla, por el estudio Histopatoló- gico de las piezas.
Abstractos
Authors: Cobo Edgard
Published: July 2020

Existen evidencias experimentales de una secreción simultánea de ambas hormonas neurohipofisarias: ocitocina y vasopresina, frente a estímulos como el aumento de la osmolaridad del plasma, la succión mamaria y la administración de nicotina.
Comunicación preliminar sobre un caso de agenesia de vagina con doble útero unicorne
Authors: Luna Uribe Joaquín
Published: July 2020

Hemos querido aprovechar la oportunidad de este V Congreso de Obstetricia y Ginecología para presentar este caso de agenesia de vagina con doble útero unicorne, en el que empleamos para la elaboración de la vagina el método de doble tunelización de Sheares ; y al encontrarnos en la laparotomía con un doble útero resolvimos emplear una modificación de la tuboimplantación uterina de Strassmann , que este autor ideó para tratar los casos de atresia de la cavidad uterina.
La culdoscopia como método auxiliar de diagnóstico en ginecología. Presentación de 70 casos
Authors: Del Corral Fernando , Artuz Antonio , Guzmán Carlos A.
Published: July 2020

La evolución constante de la medicina contemporánea ha llevado al médico en busca de nuevos instrumentos y métodos de ayuda que le permitan llegar a un diagnóstico correcto con un mínimo de molestias y complicaciones. Ejemplo de ésto es el aporte que hizo a la ginecología el doctor Albert Decker (1), quien en 1942 introdujo un nuevo instrumento diagnóstico, el culdoscopio y su método de ampliación.
Algunos casos de aplasia vaginal
Authors: Correa Humberto H.
Published: July 2020

Aunque considero importante el hacer un resumen de la embriología femenina como encabezamiento de esta presentación, solamente haré resaltar el hecho de que las anomalías de que vamos a tratar son debidas:1º A falta de fusión de los conductos de Muller : como en los casos de útero doble, didelfo, septo, unicorne, etc.2º A falta de tunelización de dichos conductos, la cual puede estar situada en la pa rte infe rior de la vagina, limitada a un solo sector o a toda su extensión ; a nivel del útero o a nivel de las trompas, y3º A fallas del desarrollo del seno urogenital.
El parto vaginal en paciente con antecedente de cesárea
Authors: Acuña Díaz José Gabriel
Published: July 2020

A pesar de los numerosos estudios publicados sobre el tema, respaldados en largas series de casos, existen aún divergencias sobre la conducta a seguir en la paciente con antecedente de cesárea. Por esta razón emprendimos en el Instituto Materno Infantil Concepción Villaveces de Acosta una revisión del tema. Presentamos los resultados obtenidos en los casos estudiados en un lapso de 19 meses, comprendido entre el mes de septiembre de 1962 y el mes de marzo de 1964.
Manejo de la sonda vesical en el post-operatorio de cirugía vaginal
Authors: Guzmán Rubén Darío
Published: July 2020

En la micción participan elementos importantes como son el sistema nervioso, la uretra posterior en el hombre y toda la uretra, excepto el centímetro más distal en la mujer, además de la vejiga. La pared abdominal y el piso pélvica desempeñan papel aunque en menor grado.
Interoperabilidade entre as ferramentas Revit e OpenStudio para simulação termoenergética
Authors: Azevedo Nathalia Cardoso de , Tavares Sergio Fernando
Published: July 2020

O ambiente construído é um dos principais responsáveis pelas emissões de gases de efeito estufa (GEE), resultado do processo de construção, manutenção e energia associada às edificações. As decisões tomadas ainda na etapa de projeto são essenciais para determinar o desempenho energético do edifício. As ferramentas Building Energy Modelling (BEM) possibilitam a criação de alternativas relacionadas à análise energética, enquanto o Building Information Modeling (BIM) beneficia a fase de projeto mediante informação integrada e objetos inteligentes que permitam a interação entre ferramentas utilizadas para arquitetura, estrutura, mecânica e elétrica. Assim, este estudo tem como objetivo verificar a interoperabilidade entre as ferramentas Revit e OpenStudio, utilizando o formato gbXML (green building XML), descrevendo o processo de modelagem, exportação e importação do formato no software de simulação termo energética. O objeto de estudo foi uma habitação em wood frame. Observou-se que a simulação ocorreu sem erros e os resultados foram obtidos por meio de um fluxo interoperável entre as ferramentas, tornando possível avaliar o conforto térmico e o gasto energético da edificação. Verificou-se no processo de exportação do Revit e importação no OpenStudio a capacidade de transportar as propriedades térmicas dentro do modelo criado evitando o retrabalho de modelagem informacional. No entanto, limitações permanecem, pois a interoperabilidade ainda é unidirecional e necessita de uma ferramenta intermediária para ajuste do modelo. O processo foi caracterizado como satisfatório, capaz de auxiliar no fluxo de trabalho que suporta decisões de projeto para edifícios com menor impacto energético.
IMPLEMENTASI PENGEMBANGAN NILAI MORAL DAN AGAMA PADA ANAK USIA DINI MELALUI METODE KETELADANAN DI TK AL-MUHSIN
Authors: Fitriyah Fitriyah
Published: July 2020

Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah terdapat anak yang memiliki nilai agama moral yang baik dan pembelajaran nilai agama moral yang dilakukan oleh guru sudah bersifat aplikatif terhadap siswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana implementasi pengembangan nilai agama moral pada anak usia dini usia 4-5 tahun melalui metode keteladanan di TK Al-Muhsin Tagangser Daya, Pasean, Pamekasan Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah guru kelas. Informan penelitian ini adalah kepala sekolah, guru pendamping kelas. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, dokumentasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa implementasi pengembangan nilai agama moral pada anak usia dini melalui metode keteladanan di TK Al-Muhsin meliputi hafalan surat pendek dan doa-doa harian, praktek sholat dhuha yang dilakukan oleh guru dengan mengajak serta murid-muridnya, sopan santun dalam berkata dan bersikap kepada orang yang lebih tua,. meminta maaf ketika berbuat salah, mengucapkan “tolong” dalam meminta bantuan, mengucapkan salam dan berjabat tangan bila bertemu.
MANAJEMEN KURIKULUM PAUD DI LINGKUNGAN PESANTREN (ANALISIS DI TAMAN KANAK-KANAK ISLAM AL ITTIFAQIAH INDRALAYA SUMATERA SELATAN)
Authors: Muharrahman Muharrahman
Published: July 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui: (1) bagaimana implementasi manajemen kurikulum PAUD di lingkungan Pesantren Al Ittifaqiah. (2) sejauhmana keterlibatan yayasan, guru, orang tua dan masyarakat sekitar dalam mendisain dan merencanakan kurikulum PAUD di lingkungan Pesantren Al Ittifaqiah. (3) problematika apa saja yang dihadapi dalam manajemen kurikulum PAUD di lingkungan Pesantren Al Ittifaqiah. Adapun hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kurikulum PAUD di Pesantren Al Ittifaqiah Indralaya meliputi: (1) Perencanaan, terdiri dari: Program Tahunan (Prota), Program Semester (Prosem), Rencana Kegiatan Mingguan (RKM), dan Rencana Kegiatan Harian (RKH). (2) Pelaksanaan. a) Kegiatan keagamaan, meliputi: Menghafal doa seharihari dan surat-surat pendek, Shalat dhuha, Menonton film kartun religi, Manasik haji, dan Bahasa Arab dasar. b) Pengetahuan umum dan seni, meliputi: Pengenalan rambu-rambu lalu lintas, Membuat alat komunikasi (telepon), dan menari. (3) Pengawasan. a) Pengawasan yayasan ke sekolah, meliputi: Observasi sekolah, Pertemuan kelompok, dan Pembicaraan individual. b) Pengawasan kepala sekolah ke para guru, meliputi: Praktek (demonstrasi) mengajar, Observasi kelas, Pembicaraan individual, dan Pertemuan kelompok. (4) Evaluasi. Dilaksanakan setiap akhir tahun pelajaran dengan model evaluasi CIPP, yang meliputi: context, input (anak, pendidik, dan sarana prasarana), process, dan product. Disain dan perencanaan kurikulum melibatkan beberapa pihak, yaitu: Yayasan, Guru, orang dan masyarakat sekitar. Problematika dalam manajemen kurikulum PAUD di lingkungan pesantren Al Ittifaqiah Indralaya yaitu: a) Kompetensi pendidik. b) Sarana dan prasarana (Alat Permainan Edukatif dan ruang atau gedung penunjang).
Shoot thinning of Semillon in a hot climate did not improve yield and berry and wine quality
Authors: De Bei Roberta , Papagiannis Lukas , Fuentes Sigfredo , Gilliham Matthew , Tyerman Steve , Collins Cassandra , Wang Xiaoyi
Published: July 2020

Aim: Shoot thinning is a common canopy management practice used to obtain a desired shoot density and to improve canopy microclimate. Since thinning is often carried out manually, the cost can be high. In this study the effect of severe shoot thinning (50 % of shoots removed) applied at EL 15 was investigated by comparing yield components, canopy size, berry and wine chemistry, and sensory attributes to a non-thinned control for the variety Semillon. The objective was to determine whether shoot thinning could change canopy architecture and lead to improved fruit and wine chemistry and sensory characteristics.Methods and results: The trial was carried out over four consecutive growing seasons (starting in 2014-15) in the Semillon block of the Coombe vineyard (Waite Campus, the University of Adelaide). Canopy architecture was monitored at key phenological stages in each season and yield components were assessed at harvest. The harvested fruit was used for chemical and sensory analysis of the berries. Wines were made and their chemistry and sensorial attributes assessed. Shoot thinning reduced the total leaf area in only two of the four seasons, but single shoot leaf area and cane weight were higher in shoot-thinned vines in all seasons. Shoot thinning did not reduce yield, despite a large reduction in bunch number, because of increased bunch weight. Shoot thinning did not change berry and wine chemistry. Similarly, little differences were observed in the sensory profile of berries and wines, and the assessors preferred the wines obtained from shoot thinned vines in the last season only.Conclusions: In this study, shoot thinning increased the leaf area per shoot and the cane weight, but yield and grape and wine chemistry were unaffected. The vine balance indices leaf area/yield and yield/pruning weight were also unaffected by the treatment, despite its intensity (50 % of shoots removed).Significance and impact of the study: The practice of shoot thinning when applied at EL stage 15 (8-9 leaves separated) was not effective as a technique to improve canopy microclimate and berry and wine chemistry for the white variety Semillon in a hot Australian climate. By not applying shoot thinning growers could potentially make significant savings without affecting yield or wine properties. Further research is needed to explore the effect and timing of shoot thinning on other varieties and in different environments.
Influence de la photopériode sur l’activité saisonnière de l’escargot Petit-gris (Helix aspersa Müller). Effet spécifique sur la croissance et la reproduction
Authors: AUPINEL P. , BONNET J.C.
Published: July 2020

Dans la gamme des facteurs susceptibles de réguler l’activité saisonnière des escargots petits-gris (Helix aspersaMüller), les mécanismes photopériodiques sont plus spécialement étudiés. Deux critères sont pris en compte pour mesurer l’activité : la croissance des jeunes et la reproduction chez les adultes.
Par analogie aux phénomènes qui déterminent l’entrée en diapause chez les insectes, cette étude met en évidence l’importance de la photopériode sur l’intensité des deux critères mesurés en tant qu’élément synchroniseur et stimulateur d’un état physiologique prédisposant à l’activité, ou à l’inactivité connue sous le nom d’hibernation chez les escargots.
Rôles du bec chez les volailles. Conséquences du débecquage
Authors: MEGRET S. , RUDEAUX F. , FAURE J.M. , PICARD M.
Published: July 2020

Le débecquage est l’ablation d’une partie du bec. Ses conséquences varient en fonction de la quantité de tissu enlevé et de l’âge auquel il a été réalisé. Le bec des volailles est un outil indispensable à la prise des particules alimentaires, à l’exploration de l’environnement, au toilettage corporel et à la défense sociale. Le bec est un outil efficace. L’épiderme du bec de poulet contient des papilles dermiques qui jouent un rôle important dans les discriminations tactiles fines.
Le débecquage conduit à des pertes d’informations sensorielles en provenance du bec et à la formation de névromes (hyperplasies douloureuses des cylindraxes des nerfs amputés). Si le débecquage est effectué avant l’âge de 10 jours, la formation de névromes est limitée et la douleur reste faible. Le débecquage peut induire de la douleur, mais aussi une diminution de la perception sensorielle. Le débecquage a pour effet zootechnique principal une diminution de la consommation alimentaire et de l’efficacité mécanique de la prise de nourriture. Ceci s’accompagne d’une réduction du gain de poids chez les animaux débecqués. L’effet du débecquage sur les performances de ponte reste très controversé. A long terme, le principal effet du débecquage sur le comportement des poules est l’inactivité.
Le débecquage est nécessaire en pratique pour certaines volailles élevées au sol (dindons, poules..), car il permet une réduction du cannibalisme et du picage des plumes. Le choix d’une technique d’élevage excluant les cages risque de limiter les possibilités réelles de supprimer la mutilation du bec des volailles, leur principal contact avec le monde extérieur.
Applications des techniques modernes au gavage de l’oie
Authors: GUY G. , GOURICHON D. , ROUSSELOT-PAILLEY D. , LESSIRE M.
Published: July 2020

L’oie Landaise productrice de foie gras, gavée au maïs broyé (technique intensive) produit moins (624 g) de foie que celle gavée traditionnellement avec du maïs grain cuit (893 g). Des perturbations du transit intestinal entraînant une diminution de la valeur de l’énergie métabolisable apparente du maïs parfois très prononcée (jusqu’à 800 kcal) en sont la cause. Individuellement, la digestibilité du maïs est en relation étroite avec la production de foie gras et l’engraissement de l’animal (r = 0,73 et r = 0,90). L’emploi d’un additif de gavage (minéraux, vitamines, gélifiants...) améliore la digestibilité du maïs mais ne permet pas d’atteindre les productions de foie gras de la méthode traditionnelle (698 g vs 797 g). Un mélange grain/maïs broyé rétablit le rôle de régulateur du gésier et conduit à des performances identiques (931 g vs 959 g). Ce mélange peut être distribué à des cadences aussi rapides que le maïs broyé avec un matériel de distribution adapté.
Rôles de la génétique et de l’environnement dans la variabilité du développement musculaire chez le porc et le cobaye
Authors: STICKLAND N.C.
Published: July 2020

Cet article fait partie du dossier :  Le déterminisme génétique du développement musculaire
Modèles génétiques de différenciation musculaire : croissance et sensibilité aux agressions chez la dinde
Authors: CHEREL Y. , WYERS M.
Published: July 2020

Cet article fait partie du dossier : Le déterminisme génétique du développement musculaire
Le récepteur de la GH peut-il constituer un marqueur de la variabilité des capacités de croissance entre types génétiques ? Etude chez le bovin et le lapin
Authors: JAMMES H. , DJIANE J.
Published: July 2020

Cet article fait partie du dossier : Le déterminisme génétique du développement musculaire
Effects of Whey and Pea Protein Supplementation on Post-Eccentric Exercise Muscle Damage: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Nieman David C. , Zwetsloot Kevin A. , Simonson Andrew J. , Hoyle Andrew T. , Wang Xintang , Nelson Heather K. , Lefranc-Millot Catherine , Guérin-Deremaux Laetitia
Published: July 2020

This randomized trial compared pea protein, whey protein, and water-only supplementation on muscle damage, inflammation, delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS), and physical fitness test performance during a 5-day period after a 90-minute eccentric exercise bout in non-athletic, non-obese males (n=92, ages 18-55 years). The two protein sources (0.9 g protein/kg divided into three doses/day) were administered under double blind procedures. The eccentric exercise protocol induced significant muscle damage and soreness, and reduced bench press and 30-second Wingate performance. Whey protein supplementation significantly attenuated post-exercise blood levels for biomarkers of muscle damage compared to water-only, with large effect sizes for creatine kinase and myoglobin during the 4th and 5th days of recovery (Cohen's d >0.80); pea protein versus water supplementation had an intermediate, non-significant effect (Cohen's d <0.50); and no significant differences between whey and pea protein were found. Whey and pea protein compared to water supplementation had no significant effects on post-exercise DOMS and the fitness tests. In conclusion, high intake of whey protein for 5 days after intensive eccentric exercise mitigated efflux of muscle damage biomarkers, with intake of pea protein having an intermediate effect in part due to the 24% lower leucine amino acid content.
Oleuropein Aglycone Peracetylated (3,4-DHPEA-EA(P)) Attenuates H2O2-mediated Cytotoxicity in C2C12 Myocytes Via Inactivation of p-JNK/p-c-Jun Signaling Pathway
Authors: Nardi Monica , Baldelli Sara , Ciriolo Maria Rosa , Costanzo Paola , Procopio Antonio , Colica Carmela
Published: July 2020

Oleuropein, glycosylated secoiridoid present in olive leaves is known to be an important antioxidant phenolic compound. We studied the antioxidant effect of low doses of oleuropein aglycone (3,4-DHPEA-EA) and oleuropein aglycone peracetylated (3,4-DHPEA-EA(P)) in murine C2C12 myocytes treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Both compounds were used at a concentration of 10 μM and were able to inhibit cell death induced by the H2O2 treatment, with 3,4-DHPEA-EA(P) being more. Under our experimental conditions, H2O2 efficiently induced the phosphorylated-active form of JNK and of its downstream target c-Jun. We demonstrated, by Western blot analysis, that 3,4-DHPEA-EA(P) was efficient in inhibiting the phospho-active form of JNK. This data suggests that the growth arrest and cell death of C2C12 proceeds via the JNK/c-Jun pathway. Moreover, we demonstrated that 3,4-DHPEA-EA(P) affects the myogenesis of C2C12 cells; because MyoD mRNA levels and the differentiation process are restored with 3,4-DHPEA-EA(P) after treatment. Overall, the results indicate that 3,4-DHPEA-EA(P) prevents ROS-mediated degenerative process in a genomic and epigenomic manner by functioning as an efficient antioxidant.
An Extended Re-selling Protocol For Existing Anti-Counterfeiting Schemes
Authors: Khalil Ghaith , Doss Robin , Chowdhury Morshed
Published: July 2020

Product counterfeiting is an on-going problem in supply chains and retail environments, Recently an anti-counterfeiting protocol to address this issue via cost-effective use of auto-identification technologies such as radio-frequency identification (RFID) was proposed by researchers.Yet the use case of re-selling the same product was not been fully addressed which might cause serious problem for the exciting and proposed schemes and transactions. This paper proposes an extended RFID-based anti-counterfeiting to address the use case of the original buyer reselling the same item to a second buyer. The extended scheme will be followed by a formal security analysis to show that the proposed protocol satisfies the requirements of security correctness and is resistant to compromise through security attacks.
Simulation of mTBI Utilizing White Matter Properties from MRE
Authors: Madhukar Amit , Ostoja-Starzewski Martin
Published: July 2020

Tissues of the brain, especially white matter, are extremely heterogeneous - with constitutive response varying spatially. In this paper, we implement a high-resolution Finite Element (FE) head model where heterogeneities of white matter structures are introduced through Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE) experiments. Displacement of white matter under shear wave excitation is captured and the material properties determined though an inversion algorithm are directly used in the FE model. This approach is found to improve model predictions when compared to experimental results. In the first place, responses in the cerebrum near stiff structures such as the corpus callosum and corona radiata are markedly different compared with a homogenized material model. Additionally, the heterogeneities introduce additional attenuation of the shear wave due to wave scattering within the cerebrum.
An Update on Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) and Their Delivery Strategies for Wound Infections
Authors: Patrulea Viorica , Borchard Gerrit , Jordan Olivier
Published: July 2020

Bacterial infections occur when wound healing fails to reach the final stage of healing, usually hindered by the presence of different pathogens. Different topical antimicrobial agents are used to inhibit bacterial growth due to antibiotic failure in reaching the infected site accompanied very often by an increased drug resistance and other side effects. In this review, we focus on antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), especially those with a high potential of efficacy against multidrug-resistant and biofilm-forming bacteria and fungi present in wound infections. Currently, different AMPs undergo preclinical and clinical phase to combat infection-related diseases. AMP dendrimers (AMPDs) have been mentioned as potent microbial agents. Various AMP delivery strategies, such as polymers, scaffolds, films and wound dressings, organic and inorganic nanoparticles, to combat infection and modulate the healing rate have been discussed as well. New technologies such as CRISPR-Cas are taken into consideration as potential future tools for AMP delivery in skin therapy.
Genetic variability and population structure of Capoeta gracilis (Keyserling 1861) populations in the southern basin rivers of the Caspian Sea as revealed by the mtDNA sequences
Authors: Malvandi Hassan , Sari Abbas Esmaili , Aliabadian Mansour
Published: July 2020

This study investigated the genetic structure and diversity of Capoeta gracilis (Keyserling 1861) from the southern basin of the Caspian Sea employing cytochrome b gene sequence analysis. For this purpose, a total of 83 specimens of this species were sampled and analysed from four rivers viz., CheshmeKile, Siahrood, Tajan and ZarrinGol. Nucleotide diversity ranged from 0.00030 to 0.00715 and haplotype diversity from 0.27895 to 0.68421 for the populations studied. A total of 14 haplotypes were obtained and haplotype no. 2 was shared by all. Pairwise FST analysis showed that there was a significant genetic difference between the populations studied, with the exception of the populations living in the Siahrood and Tajan rivers. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) also confirmed the genetic differentiation among populations showing 76.03% of the genetic variation within populations and 23.97% among populations (p<0.01). A selective neutrality test showed that populations of C. gracilis were probably in equilibrium and were not experiencing a population expansion. In general, it can be said that distinct populations of this species are living in the rivers of northern Iran, though further studies using other genes and molecular markers are needed to confirm the findings.
Population dynamics and stock assessment of deep water rose shrimp Parapenaeus longirostris (Lucas, 1846) from the Mediterranean Coast of Morocco
Authors: Awadh Hesham , Aksissou Mustapha
Published: July 2020

The population dynamics and stock parameters of the deep water rose shrimp Parapenaeus longirostris (Lucas, 1846) was investigated from the Mediterranean coast of Morocco. Length-frequency data were collected from landings of coastal trawlers at M’diq Port on the Moroccan Mediterranean coast over a period of 13 months from April 2017 to April 2018. The estimated growth parameters were CL∞ = 52.87 mm, K = 0.39 yr-1 and to = - 0.35 .Total mortality coefficient (Z) was estimated as 3.49 yr-1 while the natural mortality estimated using two different methods was 1.89 yr-1 and 1.36 yr-1 and correspondingly the fishing mortality was calculated as 1.51 yr-1 and 2.13 yr-1. Yield per recruit and relative biomass per recruit analysis showed that the value of current exploitation rate (E) is 0.68 which is higher than the exploitation rate E 0.5=0.36, which indicates that the stock is currently overexploited. Hence it is advised to decrease the present exploitation rate by 50% of the current level to sustain the fishery.
Identification of an Autophagy-Related Gene Signature that Can Improve Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Huo Xingxing , Qi Jian , Huang Kaiquan , Bu Su , Yao Wei , Chen Ying , Nie Jinfu
Published: July 2020

Background: Autophagy is a programmed cell degradation mechanism that has been associated with several physiological and pathophysiological processes, including malignancy. Improper induction of autophagy has been proposed to play a pivotal role in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: Univariate Cox regression analysis of overall survival (OS) was performed to identify risk-associated autophagy-related genes (ARGs) in HCC data set from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Multivariate cox regression was then performed to develop a risk prediction model for the prognosis of 370 HCC patients. The multi-target receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the model’s accuracy. Besides, the relationship between drug sensitivity and ARGs expression was also examined. Results: A total of 62 differentially expressed ARGs were identified in HCC patients. Univariate and multivariate regression identified five risk-associated ARGs ( HDAC1, RHEB , ATIC, SPNS1 and SQSTM1 ) that were correlated with OS in HCC patients. Of importance, the risk-associated ARGs were independent risk factor s in the multivariate risk model including clinical parameters such as malignant stage (HR=1.433, 95% CI=1.293-1.589, P<0.001). In addition, the area under curve for the prognostic risk model was 0.747, which indicates the high accuracy of the model in prediction of HCC outcomes. Interestingly, the risk-associated ARGs were also correlated with drug sensitivity in HCC cell lines. Conclusions: We developed a novel prognostic risk model by integrating the molecular signature and clinical parameters of HCC, which can effectively predict the outcomes of HCC patients.
Functional polymorphisms and transcriptional analysis in the 5' region of the human serotonin receptor 1B gene (HTR1B) and their associations with psychiatric disorders
Authors: Xia Xi , Ding Mei , Xuan Jin-feng , Xing Jia-xin , Yao Jun , Wu Xue , Wang Bao-jie
Published: July 2020

Background The 5-hydroxytryptamine 1B receptor (5-HT1B) plays an essential role in the serotonin (5-HT) system and is widely involved in a variety of brain activities. HTR1B is the gene encoding 5-HT1B. Genome-wide association studies have shown that HTR1B polymorphisms are closely related to multiple mental and behavioral disorders; however, the functional mechanisms underlying these associations are unknown. This study investigated the effect of several HTR1B haplotypes on regulation of gene expression in vitro and the functional sequences in the 5' regulatory region of HTR1B to determine their potential association with mental and behavioral disorders.Methods Six haplotypes consisting of rs4140535, rs1778258, rs17273700, rs1228814, rs11568817, and rs130058 and several truncated fragments of the 5' regulatory region of HTR1B were transfected into SK-N-SH and HEK-293 cells. The relative fluorescence intensities of the different haplotypes and truncated fragments were detected using a dual-luciferase reporter assay system.Results Compared to the major haplotype T-G-T-C-T-A, the relative fluorescence intensities of haplotypes C-A-T-C-T-A, C-G-T-C-T-A, C-G-C-A-G-T, and C-G-T-A-T-A were significantly lower, and that of haplotype C-G-C-A-G-A was significantly higher. Furthermore, the effects of the rs4140535T allele, the rs17273700C-rs11568817G linkage combination, and the rs1228814A allele made their relative fluorescence intensities significantly higher than their counterparts at each locus. Conversely, the rs1778258A and rs130058T alleles decreased the relative fluorescence intensities. In addition, we found that regions from -1587 to -1371 bp (TSS, +1), -1149 to -894 bp, -39 to +130 bp, +130 to +341 bp, and +341 to +505 bp upregulated gene expression. In contrast, regions -603 to -316 bp and +130 to +341 bp downregulated gene expression. Region +341 to +505 bp contained the core promoter region and played a decisive role in gene transcription.Conclusions HTR1B 5' regulatory region polymorphisms have regulatory effects on gene expression and potential correlate with several pathology and physiology conditions. This study suggests that the core promoter sequence of HTR1B is located in region +341~+505 bp. Regions -1587 to -1371 bp, -1149 to -894 bp, -603 to -316 bp, -39 to +130 bp, and +130 to +341 bp contain functional sequences that can promote or suppress the HTR1B gene expression.