bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phase change materials integrated buildings: A short review
Authors: Jacob Jeeja , Paul John , Selvaraj Jeyraj , Vaka Mahesh
Published: December 2023

Buildings account for one-third of global energy consumption and 38% of greenhouse gas emissions. Improving a building’s energy efficiency is vital in minimizing climate change. As an alternative to active cooling systems, passive cooling methods are promising. Thermal energy storage employing latent heat is an effective passive cooling strategy for increasing a building’s thermal inertia and, in turn, reducing temperature fluctuations and improving thermal comfort for building occupants. To do this, high-density phase change materials (PCMs) for thermal energy storage (TES) can be put to good use. Recent developments in TES techniques using PCMs have gained much research focus, primarily to improve energy efficiency and promote clean energy sources. PCMs are regarded as the most promising materials due to their high energy storage density for developing high-performance and energy-efficient buildings. The primary disadvantage of PCM is its low thermal conductivity, limiting its practical usage, which could be resolved by loading nano or micro-sized conductive fillers. The investigated system’s initial findings show that they effectively lower indoor temperature changes and energy demand during winter seasons and can cause load reduction or shifting.
Activated hydrochar derived from coconut shell and microalgae through hydrothermal carbonization for the CO2 adsorption
Authors: Mohd Azmi Nuradila Zahirah , Abdul Raman Abdul Aziz , Rashidi Nor Adilla , Abdul Patah Muhammad Fazly , Buthiyappan Archina
Published: December 2023

Activated carbon (AC) has proven to be an effective adsorbent for gas and liquid. However, the production of AC involves high energy consumption and the use of limited non-renewable resources as feedstock. In this study, activated carbon was synthesized through hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) at a low temperature using coconut shells and microalgae. The adsorbents were characterised by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to determine the surface function. The results indicate that the coconut shell activated carbon (CSAC) precursor had a higher yield compared to microalgae-based activated carbon (MAAC). However, the carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake of MAAC at 1.0 bar is 115.4% higher. A combination of algae and coconut shells as feedstock resulted in competitive activated carbon compared to MAAC (7.74 wt% instead of 8.28 wt%). The results of this study suggest that waste biomass hydrochars could be considered as low-cost adsorbents for carbon dioxide removal and that this would be useful in environmental applications for post-combustion carbon capture.
The effect of number of blades on the horizontal axis water turbine performance
Authors: Yulio Noviando , Herawan Safarudin Gazali , Oktarina Rienna , Setyandito Oki , Mat Tokit Ernie Binti , Mohd Sa’at Fatimah Al-Zahra Binti , Bin Mohd. Rosli Mohamad Afzanizam
Published: December 2023

Electrical energy is energy the main essential needed in living life for various aspects of utilities related to electronics with the provisions of the need for electric power consumption in units of Watts (W). The consumption for electrical energy is increasing along with the increasing population in this country. In 2020 the installed capacity of power plants in Indonesia will reach 72,750.72 MW consisting of 43,186.53 MW from National Power Plant (PLN) and 29,564.19 MW from non-PLN. Whereas in 2019 it was only 69,678.85 MW. This data shows that the installed capacity of power plants has increased by 3,071.87 MW. Therefore, this research aims to develop the horizontal axis water turbine and to investigate the performance of turbine with varying the number of blades. The experimental rig was built to conduct the experimental work. It is found that the most optimal number of blades is the number of blades 10 which produces a value of 0.704 Watt and speed of 789 RPM using a water discharge of 11.75 Liter per Minutes (LPM), 0.855 Watt and speed of 883 RPM using a water discharge of 13.22 LPM, and 0.889 Watt and speed of 913 RPM using a water discharge of 15.17 LPM. Electrical efficiency tends to decrease when the number of blades on turbine is increased due to a significant increase in speed of turbine with increasing of blade number while the electrical energy produced by the generator is relatively constant with increasing the blade number of turbine.
Thermal degradation studies of 2-amino 6-nitrobenzothiazole-oxamide-formaldehyde copolymer and its composites
Authors: Gurnule W B , Gupta P G , Gupta R H , Rathod Y U , Singh N B
Published: December 2023

Composites are viewed as promising advanced materials because of their superior features, including enhanced flame retardancy, density, relatively large surface areas, strength and thermomechanical/optoelectronic/magnetic capabilities. 2-amino 6-nitrobenzothiazole, oxamide, and formaldehyde has been used for the synthesis of copolymerizing polycondensation technique, and newly synthesized copolymer with activated charcoal was used to synthesize its composite. Several physicochemical techniques, and Ultraviolet-visible, SEM, TGA, and FTIR techniques, have been utilized to illustrate the produced copolymer and its composite. The non-aqueous conductometric titration was used to determine the molecular weight of the 2-amino 6-nitrobenzothiazole-oxamide-formaldehyde copolymer.based on TGA data, thermal stability of the composite is higher than copolymer, possibly because there are more carbonized residues. Based on Ea values determined by Sharp-Wentworth and Freeman-Carroll technique for copolymer and its composite, it is observed that they are in good agreement with each other. It is abundantly obvious from the results of the sequence of reaction that the decomposition reaction roughly follows a first-order kinetics. The composite's higher surface area, porous makeup, and smaller particle size may have contributed to its superior performance. The copolymer and its composite have better heat stability.
Studies in the influence of D–π–A pyrenyl chalcone containing methoxy substitution as dye-sensitizer in DSSC
Authors: Mohd Nizar S N A , Rosli M M , Mohamad Samsuri S A , Abdul Razak I , Arshad S
Published: December 2023

A pyrene based chalcone (PyMe) has been prepared by Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction. The proposed structure was proceeded for characterization analysis of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic (FTIR) and Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) studies. The analysis of cyclic voltammetry (CV) performed has determined the appropriated position of HOMO and LUMO energy level for electron injection and dye regeneration in DSSC. The Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) study has confirmed the existence of PyMe based on the distribution and composition of the elements on the TiO2 layer, respectively. The Donor–π–Acceptor (D–π–A) structural chromophores with methoxy (-OCH3) attachment in PyMe has also contribute to the power conversion efficiency of DSSC.
Potential of a new pyrene based chalcone as a dye on DSSC solar cell and optical limiting
Authors: Alsaee Saleh K. , Razak Ibrahim Abdul , Arshad Suhana , Mzwd Elham , Zainuri Dian Alwani , Bahadi Murad
Published: December 2023

Herin, this work focuses on the potential of a pyrene-based chalcone named EDPP1 as a sensitizer in DSSC using density functional theory (DFT) concerning FMO and UV-Vis absorption spectrum. The EDPP1 compound was synthesized using Claisen-Schmidt reaction and characterized via FTIR, UV-Vis absorption, and DFT. UV-Vis absorption spectrum revealed that the bandgap of the EDDP1 is E

g
= 3.5e
V with fully transmittance above λ
cut off = 499nm and high absorption at UV region. The energy level diagram suggests that EDPP1 is a promising sensitizer in DSSCs as it meets the required dye conditions. Additionally, optical limiting study revealed that the EDPP1 compound has the ability to limit laser power above 875 mW. Overall, these results suggest that EDPP1 has potential as a sensitizer in DSSCs and as an optical limiter.
Voltage and frequency regulation induction generator employing AC-AC converter
Authors: Krismadinata  , Fiandri Derry , Asnil  , Husnaini Irma , Abdullah Mohd Noor , Singh Mukesh
Published: December 2023

One of potential problem in induction generator is voltage and frequency instability. Induction generators (IG) can experience voltage and frequency fluctuations due to changes in the load. This paper presents a control strategy for voltage and frequency regulation of an induction generator using an electronic load controller (ELC). Three-phase AC-AC converter is employed as an ELC. The control system is designed to ensure the steady-state and transient stability of the IG under various operating conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed control method is demonstrated through simulation. MATLAB/Simulink software is utilized to analyze and verified the proposed control method. The simulation results show that it can provide accurate voltage and frequency regulation while maintaining stable operation of the IG. The proposed approach offers a promising solution for IG applications in renewable energy systems, where precise control of voltage and frequency is crucial for efficient and reliable power generation
Development low-cost processor for photovoltaic simulator
Authors: Asnil  , Krismadinata  , Husnaini Irma , Astrid Erita
Published: December 2023

The power generated by a PV array is affected by several factors such as the intensity of solar radiation, the temperature, and the shade cast by solar radiation on the solar panels’ surface. In order to provide the maximum electrical power, it is important to understand the characteristics of a PV system. In this paper, a simulator to observe the characteristics of solar panels is modeled and designed by utilizing tungsten-halogen lamps as a lighting source. The use of halogen lamps ensures that the solar panels’ output signal does not have a large ripple. It differs from other lamps, such as LEDs, which can generate greater ripples in solar panel output signals. Voltage sensors and current sensors are used to obtain the desired values of voltage and current parameters. The characteristics of solar panels with different combinations of lighting can be observed using a Personal Computer (PC) both in the form of tables and graphics with the help of the Parallax Data Acquisition tool (PLX-DAQ). According to the results of the test, the simulator can operate properly, and the measured parameter value can be monitored in realtime in the form of current and voltage graphs.
Surfactant role in nano-enhanced phase change materials
Authors: Noran N K , Pandey A K , Selvaraj Jeyraj , Buddhi D , Tyagi V V
Published: December 2023

Advance research in phase change materials (PCMs) has been explored as a novel thermal energy storage (TES) material. The nano-filler of high-conductive material is very promising in improving the material’s thermal properties. Because of the high surface energy of nano-filler, it coagulates quickly and is difficult to disperse in PCMs. Surfactant has been explored by researchers to prevent particle cluster agglomeration and to stabilise particle suspensions. The two-step method has been used widely in synthesising Nano enhanced PCMs (NePCMs) with surfactants. Homogeneous and uniform surfactant dispersion was added not more than 1:1 to the nano-filler. Surfactant shows promising improvement in stabilising the nano-filler in PCMs. Moreover, it improves the NePCMs’ thermal conductivity (TC). However, the latent heat value drops as the nano-filler and surfactant concentrations increase.
Financial feasibility study of water supply system (SPAM) business at X port in Sumatera Island, Indonesia
Authors: Farmania Aini , Elsyah Riska Dwinda
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this study is to examine the analysis of financial feasibility study for new business investment in a water supply system (SPAM) at X Port in Sumatera Island, Indonesia. This project investment is essential for every ships and boats visiting X Port. This financial feasibility study is carried out to determine whether SPAM business project is feasible or not. The measurement items for this analysis are Net Present Value (NPV) method, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) method, Payback Period (PP) method, Profitability Index (PI) method, and Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) method. This business project has a concession period of 20 years during 2024 - 2043 and a construction period of 1 year in 2023.The analysis is using the benchmark on the same business project at different port in Sumatera Island, Indonesia. The results of this study show that all of measurement items are feasible indicating that SPAM business project using this calculation is feasible to be conducted.
Design and simulate an amine-based CO2 capture process for a steam methane reforming hydrogen production plant
Authors: Hamed Ali Mahmoud , Tuan Kamaruddin Tengku Nordayana Akma , Ramli Nabilah , Abdul Wahab Mohd Firdaus
Published: December 2023

Steam methane reforming (SMR) is a common technique for hydrogen production, however CO2, which is created as a by-product, needs to be captured. Chemical absorption utilizing amine solvents is the most economically practical method of CO2 capturing. Amines are a class of organic compounds that are commonly used as chemical solvents for carbon capture. The effectiveness of a particular amine as a carbon capture solvent depends on its chemical structure and properties. Some commonly used amines for carbon capture include monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), and methyldiethanolamine (MDEA). This study aims to simulate SMR hydrogen production plant utilizing amine-based carbon dioxide capture system using Aspen HYSYS V11 software and figure out the efficiency of different chemical solvents in capturing carbon dioxide. The results of this study show that MEA has high efficiency to capture CO2 due to its high reactivity and ability to form a strong chemical bond with CO2. However, it is also highly corrosive and can be costly to regenerate.
Cogging torque reduction for permanent magnet structure of radial flux permanent magnet generator
Authors: Mostaman Nur Afiqah , Sulaiman Erwan , Jenal Mahyuzie
Published: December 2023

Recently, Permanent Magnet Generator has been widely used due to its ability of having simple structure yet high efficiency. A radial flux permanent magnet generator’s (RFPM) cogging torque leads to the decrease in output power. Generally, cogging torque is affected from the size of permanent magnet. This paper presents the techniques for cogging torque reduction and low torque ripple of RFPM design. This research used two methods to reduce the cogging torque which is the permanent magnet pole-arc ratio and also the permanent magnet structure. The cogging torque has been successfully reduced by increasing the permanent magnet pole-arc ratio and reducing the permanent magnet structure The best design configuration that can reduced the cogging torque by using pole-arc ratio is 0.49 pole-arc ratio which can reduce the cogging torque to 0.6986Nm. Moreover, for PM structure method 0.25 PM structure has been chosen as the best configuration since it can reduce the cogging torque to 0.2366Nm. This method able to reduce the cogging torque by 69.88%. Hence, both of these techniques are successfully reduced the cogging torque.
Low cost power monitoring system with electric bill calculation
Authors: Asmadi A F , Zulkifli S A , Mazelan M F , Leong T W B
Published: December 2023

A power monitoring system with electric bill calculation has been developed to measure voltage, current, power, kilowatt-hours, and prices per hour of electrical appliances and to help users to reduce the monthly bill. The prototype uses a voltage and current sensor, ESP32 Node MCU, STM32 microcontroller and a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal to control a rectifier circuit that converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) that available in the market and the development took about 6 months. The prototype successfully collected electricity data and provided the energy needed for monitoring system. The prototype had a percentage accuracy of 92.22% between the calculation bill compare to IoT prototype measurement. The final prototype is a portable device that can accurately measure and record the relevant data and provide real-time monitoring and data visualization with the usage of the electricity to a certain load.
Carbon dioxide hydrogenation to value-added products using Cu-based catalytic materials
Authors: Ismail Rim , Saad Mohamed Ali H. , Sardar Ali , Benamor Abdelbaki.
Published: December 2023

In this work, we report on the synthesis and evaluation of catalytic materials composed of copper/calcium oxide/alumina (Cu/CaO/Al2O3) for carbon dioxide conversion to value-added products. Catalytic materials were synthesized using sequential incipient wetness impregnation method. Synthesized materials with different compositions of copper and adsorbent were tested in a high-pressure packed bed reactor under a pressure P =60 bars, temperature T=300 °C, and hydrogen to carbon dioxide ratio (H2/CO2 = 3) to determine their performances and catalytic activities. The results of the activity revealed that CaO-based catalysts were very active in converting CO2 to methanol and carbon monoxide. Catalyst containing 30%Cu10%CaO achieved the highest CO2 conversion of 16.5% and a maximum methanol selectivity of 17.8%, while the lowest selectivity towards carbon monoxide (CO) were obtained using 20%Cu-containing catalyst. Reducing CaO content from 10wt% to 5wt% boosted the CO2 conversion to 18% with higher selectivity towards CO compared to the catalyst containing 10%CaO.
Fe doped LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05 O2 (NCA) cathode materials: Synthesis, structural and morphological studies
Authors: Isti’Adzah L , Kasim M F , Elong K A , Azahidi A , Saaid F I , Mohamad A A
Published: December 2023

As a result of its substantial energy density, layered LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathode materials are thought to be the most promising of the next-generation cathode materials for electric vehicles (EVs). In this research, self propagating combustion (SPC) is used to prepare cathode materials made of pristine LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) and NCA doped with 1% Fe to produce LiNi0.8Co0.14Fe0.01Al0.05O2. Based on X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) results, pristine and doped NCA cathode materials were pure and single phase. Reference Intensity Ratio (RIR) values for pristine and doped NCA are 0.87 and 1.12 respectively indicating that the amount of cation mixing was reduced with Fe doping. Through Rietveld refinement, it was discovered that the addition of Fe to NCA resulted in a decrease in cation mixing from 13.56% to 4.07%.It was found that both pristine and doped NCA possessed polyhedral like shape morphology. It can be seen that doping with 1% Fe does not change much in the crystallite size of the materials. By having less cation mixing, Fe doped was found to greatly improve the structural integrity of NCA cathode materials, which in turn improved the materials’ electrochemical performance.
Electric vehicle energy consumption modelling and analysis: a Malaysia case study
Authors: Hashim Mohd Syahmi , Mansor Muhamad , Ying Yong Jia , Ramachandaramurthy Vigna Kumaran , Rahman Nazaruddin Abd.
Published: December 2023

Previously, the Electric vehicle (EV) range anxiety greatly hindered EV adoption. The fear of being stranded due to running out of battery becomes the main concern among EV drivers. This critical issue can be solved by deploying a bigger battery in EVs. However, deploying bigger size battery contributes to the higher price of the EV itself. Hence, the optimal design of the EV powertrain is a critical factor in ensuring EV meets the users’ needs and, simultaneously, can be owned by the potential owners at an affordable price. Accurate assessment of EV energy consumption is crucial in designing an optimal EV powertrain, particularly for developing energy-efficient driving techniques in both manual and autonomous driving. One method is to perform a real-life experiment to determine the EV energy consumption, which is expensive and time-consuming. An alternative to real-world testing is creating an EV energy consumption model with the existing driving cycles. This paper studies the parameters contributing to EV energy consumption based on EV driving cycles available in MATLAB Simulink. The findings of this study will provide insight into the factors that influence EV energy consumption and serve as a guideline in EV powertrain design.
Collective water transport electrification: Venetian ferry boat case study
Authors: Colombo Cristian Giovanni , Saldarini Alessandro , Longo Michela , Brenna Morris , Borghetti Fabio
Published: December 2023

This paper studies and analyzes the energy transition of ferry boats used in Venice as a means of public transportation. Thus, the goal is to reduce their environmental impact by replacing the current installed thermal propulsion with an equivalent low-emission electric type. A study was conducted aimed at sizing the most suitable electric motor and battery pack to be installed, as well as the most suitable charging system for the vehicle and the area involved in this case study. The shift to electric traction will bring new challenges for the service, but also the possibility to decarbonize the water transport in Venice, preserving air quality and the monuments of the UNESCO site. Therefore, it is noted how these changes may impact service delivery.
Vehicle-to-grid system optimization for electric vehicle – a review
Authors: Abu Hassan M A , Abdullah Ezmin , Nik Ali N H , Hidayat Nabil M , Umair Muhammad , Bin Johari Ahmad Rais
Published: December 2023

The transportation industry is a major contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions, and the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) presents a viable solution to this problem. The implementation of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) systems has significantly enhanced energy supply and utilization efficiency, particularly through the integration of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind. However, the complexity of the V2G system necessitates addressing multiple objectives and constraints. Previous research has employed optimization methods to refine the V2G system. However, traditional linear and quadratic programming approaches are limited to simple and linear objectives, while non-linear programming methods encounter challenges when dealing with uncertain variables. Consequently, there is a pressing need for a more dependable optimization method capable of managing uncertain variables in this intricate system, particularly in the context of renewable energy source integration. This paper reviews the feasible and reliable optimization approaches utilized by scholars and researchers, examining the multiple objective functions and constraints required for optimizing the V2G system.
Consumption rate of stingrays in the southern coastal area of Flores Island
Authors: Nawastuti Dati , Darwanto Dwidjono Hadi , Mulyo Jangkung Handoyo , Suadi
Published: December 2023

Stingrays are an elective wellspring of creature protein for individuals living in the southern coastal area of Flores Island. Considered to have low economic value, the presence of stingrays in the Chondrichthyan meat trade is still often ignored. This study seeks to determine the influencing factors on the consumption rate of stingrays among the people of the southern coastal area of Flores Island. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis and multiple linear regressions with the SPSS 23 program. Essential information was gotten through perception, circulating polls by means of a google form, and inside and out interviews. The answers of respondents who entered amounted to 132 people and were selected based on the research area amounted to 46 people. Results stated that the variables of income level, education level, place of residence, number of dependents, product knowledge, fish products, and fish species had a significant simultaneous effect on consumption levels with an R2 value of 0.764 percent, while 23.6% of the dependent variable is influenced by other variables that are not part of the research model. Intensive socialization among consumers, especially those who have a high level of education regarding the types of stingrays in protected regional languages and should not be consumed is very necessary. Knowledge gaps which, if not addressed immediately, will disrupt conservation area management.
A case study of anchovy diurnal migration patterns in Teluk Bakau, Bintan Regency, Riau Island, Indonesia
Authors: Febrianto Try , Ma’mun Asep , Pratomo Arif , Kurniawati Esty , Suhana Mario Putra , Apdillah Donny , Zahid Ahmad
Published: December 2023

Teluk Bakau is an area of water on the shore of Bintan Regency where the people make their livelihoods through fishing. There is now a lot of data showing a decline in catches, but it is unclear why this is happening. Changes in migratory patterns are regarded to be one of the primary reasons. The daily diurnal migratory pattern of anchovies is assumed to correspond with the movement of plankton. Anchovies are a type of tiny fish larvae whose life cycle is tied to plankton. It is possible to see microorganisms by converting the mean volume backscattering strength (MVBS) value into a measure of anchovy quantity and presence. Anchovy diurnal vertical migration was discovered using Diel Vertical Migration (DVM) measurements, which also revealed that the fish were in the MVBS range of -40 dB to -60 dB (e.g. FL: 5–10 cm). The migration of anchovies seen by ADCP shows they typically move towards the surface in the afternoon and that their numbers generally expand until night. Along with this an increase of anchovies, a lot of plankton has been rising to the surface. The presence of an anchovies moves into deeper waters in the early morning, and until daytime, they are decreasingly abundant. An indication that anchovies are increasingly plentiful and more present is in the afternoon
Business Analysis of Processed Baby Squid Chili Products (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises MSMEs “Dapoer Ikan Diana”): Case Study in Samarinda City, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Sugiharto Eko , Purnamasari Elly , Sukarti Komsanah
Published: December 2023

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are the most essential pillar in the Indonesian economy. One of them is Dapoer Ikan Diana, which is a processing business using fish-based ingredients. In running a business, it is inseparable from the costs incurred. This research aims to calculate the business profits of MSMEs Dapoer Ikan Diana, conducted from December 2021 to November 2022. This study used purposive sampling, obtaining the sample from one respondent, who is a business owner The result showed that there were two types of investment costs incurred, namely production investment costs of IDR 10.680.714 with depreciation costs of IDR 90,767/month and marketing investment costs of IDR 10,565,925 with depreciation costs of IDR 132,262/month. Operational costs are divided into two types, namely production operational costs incurred in the amount of IDR 2,069,950 with a total cost (TC) of IDR 8.626.707/month and marketing operational costs incurred in the amount of IDR 4,271,675 with a total cost (TC) of IDR 13,121,411/month. The revenue obtained is IDR 14,400,000/month. The business profit obtained is IDR 1,278,589/month.
Estimation of carbon storage of tropical mangroves in the North Maluku Islands region
Authors: Najamuddin  , Tahir I , Pujiati M I , Harahap Z A
Published: December 2023

The mangroves possess a remarkable capacity to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2), surpassing tropical rainforests by fourfold. This underscores the crucial role played by mangroves in global efforts to combat climate change. This study aimed to assess the biomass, carbon content, and CO2 absorption capabilities of mangrove ecosystems. Data collection followed the line transect method, utilizing the Mangrove Watch guide, which involved recording the diameter of mangroves at breast height (DBH), typically around 1.3 meters above the ground, as well as identifying the mangrove species and quantifying the number of stands for each tree species. The analysis of mangrove biomass, carbon content, and CO2 absorption capacity was conducted through an allometric modeling approach. The findings revealed the presence of seven distinct mangrove tree species at the study site, namelyRhizophora mucronata, R. apiculata, R. stylosa, Sonneratia alba, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Xylocarpus granatum, andCeriops decandra. The mangrove density in this area was recorded at 1406 trees per hectare, with a corresponding biomass of 630,508 tons per hectare, a carbon content of 246,035 tons of carbon per hectare, and an impressive CO2 absorption capacity of 902,127 tons of CO2 per hectare. Notably, the mangrove vegetation in this research site exhibited a substantial capacity for CO2 absorption and biomass storage, surpassing many other locations in different regions. These findings underscore the significant role that island mangrove ecosystems can play in mitigating the effects of climate change.
First record and phylogenetic relationship of the endangered species Betta foerschi (Vierke, 1979) (Anabantiformes : Osphronemidae) from Belitung Island, Indonesia
Authors: Syarif AF , Valen FS , Herjayanto M , Aisyah S
Published: December 2023

Betta foerschi (Vierke, 1979) is a betta fish group from the Osphronemidae family which is only known from Central and West Borneo Island, Indonesia. This species is classified as an Endangered (EN) by the IUCN Red List, where the population has recently been moderately decreased. The new distribution of B. foerschi fish has been found on Belitung Island based on morphological similarities. In this research, we report the first record and phylogenetic relationship of B. foerschi based on the DNA Barcoding method using the Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I (COI) gene from Belitung Island Indonesia. Additionally, the DNA barcoding for B. foerschi not only represents the first DNA record for Belitung Island, but also the first sequence reported in the Genbank database. The result showed that B. foerschi forms the same clade within the Osphronemidae family and Betta genus solidifying its position in this taxonomic group with the closest genetic distance that occurs between B. foerschi and B. persephone of 0.15 using the Maximum Composite Likelihood model analysis.
Profile of fisheries capture in Cikidang Fish Landing Base (PPI), Pangandaran, West Java Study 2017-2021 and its potential utilization for fisheries product processing industry
Authors: Yuniarti T , Mulyono M , Mardiana M , Nurmala I , Puspadewi I J , Triyono H , Alauddin M H , Handoko Y P , Maulita M , Maulani A
Published: December 2023

Fishing activities in Pangandaran Regency are centered in Cikidang Fish Landing Base (PPI), Babakan Village, Pangandaran Sub-district, Pangandaran Regency, West Java Province. The research objective is to identify the fishing profile in Panagandaran Sub-district during 2017-2021 and identify its potential utilization for the fishery product processing industry. The research method is descriptive data collection. The research location is in Pangandaran sub-district. Data taken are secondary and primary data from 2017-2022. Respondents are Joint Business Groups (KUB) based on Cikidang PPI, Pangandaran Regency Marine Fisheries and Food Security Office, Head of Cikidang PPI, and Pangandaran District village leaders. The results of the study identified the age profile of respondents aged 55-59 years (55%), basic education level (75%), 31-35 years of fishing experience (25%), no side job (85%), monthly income of 1-2 million (60%). The types of fishing gear used by fishermen are Vessel Seine, Drift Net, Liong Bun, Hand Line and seser. The dominant types of fish catches in a row from the highest in 2017 to 2021 are Rebon Shrimp, Yellowfin Layur, Krosok Shrimp, Dogol Shrimp, White Bawal and fish bycatch. By-catch fish are in the top 4 most abundant fish caught using vessel seine and drift net gear. Most of the by-caught fish from middlemen are made into salted fish. Fishing activity decreased in 2020-2021, but the value of fishing production increased. The utilization of caught fish is mostly salted fish, yet to be utilized for the fishery products industry.
The growth rate and antibacterial activity of lactic acid bacteria GMH2 and GMH3 in various salt concentration
Authors: Rosanto A N , Lestari R I , Putra M M P
Published: December 2023

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can be naturally found in fermented fish products that contain various salt concentrations. LAB is reported to produce proteinogenic antibacterial compounds named bacteriocin that can inhibit the growth of pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. In order to evaluate the performance of previously isolated LABs, namely GMH2 and GMH3, to inhibit the growth of these bacteria in fermented food systems, it is necessary to examine the effect of salt concentration on the growth rate and antibacterial activity. LAB GMH2 and GMH3 were inoculated on de man rogosa and sharp broth (MRSB) at various salt concentrations, including 0%, 7.5%, and 15%, followed by incubation at 37°C for 30 hours with observation every 6 hours. Bacterial growth was tested using the Total Plate Count (TPC) method, which was then further processed using the DMFit program to obtain growth rates, while antibacterial activity was tested using the macrodilution method against histamine-producing bacteria (HPB) Klebsiella pneumoniae (CK2). Both strains showed the highest growth rate at 0% NaCl, with 0.171 and 1.681 log CFU/hour for GMH2 and GMH3, respectively and remained steady until 7.5% salt concentration at 0,153 log CFU/hour for GMH2 and 0.044 log CFU/hour for GMH3. Antibacterial activity for both isolates showed the highest inhibitory value of 39.87±2.25% for GMH2 and 79.55±1.08 for GMH3. The addition of 7.5% and 15% interestingly did not show a significant reduction in antibacterial activity. The results of this study concluded that LAB GMH2 and GMH3 have the potency to be used as starters in fish fermented products, which possess up to 7.5% salt content.
Leaf extract effectiveness of pecut kuda (Stachytarpheta jamaicensis L. Vahl) on barramundi (Lates calcarifer) eggs hatchability
Authors: Hartami P , Mahdaliana  , Mainisa  , Adhar S , Hatta M , Ayuzar E , Hanum DF , Rasidi
Published: December 2023

Barramundi is one of the preferred fishes in great demand because of its delicious taste and high nutritional content. One factor that influences the success of culture is hatchability and high larval survival. In the business of barramundi aquaculture, problems are often encountered, namely the presence of fungi that attack fish eggs. Precautions and treatment use of continuous synthetic compounds with improper concentration will cause new problems. The traditional pecut kuda anti-fungal, this plant is also easily obtainable and easy to use in the prevention and treatment of fish diseases. The purpose of this study was to analyze the success rate of using pecut kuda (Stachytarpheta jamaicensis L. Vahl) in increasing the hatchability of barramundi eggs and observing the growth of barramundi larvae. This research was conducted on July 25 – August 16, 2022. Located at Brackish Water Cultivation Fishery Center, Ujoeng Batee, Aceh. This research method used a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 3 replications, namely P1 (0 ml/control), P2 (2 ml/L), P3 (4 ml/L), P4 (6 ml/L), and P5 (8 ml/L). Observation of the data collected during the research was presented in the form of tables and graphs. The results showed that pecut kuda leaf extract at different doses affected the hatchability of eggs, percentage of fungus attack, and mortality of barramundi larvae, while it did not affect the abnormality and growth length of barramundi larvae. The best treatment at P3 with a dose of 4 ml/L was 90.33% of the hatching rate with a low mortality value of P3 was 11.80%.
Towards a Customizable and Cost-Effective Monitoring System for Vannamei Shrimp Cultivation
Authors: Aynuddin  , Triyatmo B , Rakhmanda A
Published: December 2023

The advancement of technology has revolutionized the operational practices in vannamei shrimp (L. vannamei) cultivation, shifting towards a science-based and data-driven approach. The success of shrimp cultivation heavily relies on making informed technical decisions throughout the process. To facilitate optimal decision-making, an integrated monitoring system encompassing feed-growth data, water quality data, and material inputs is imperative. This research aims to design a customizable system that optimizes available resources and offers easily modifiable and adaptable program scripts for users. The development process involved constructing a prototype device, script development, and system implementation testing. The prototype incorporated three sensors (temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen) and utilized floats for flexible customization based on specific needs and available sensors or materials. Data analysis and visualization were achieved through various free options. Remarkably, the system only required 2-3 concise scripts to operate effectively. The experimental results demonstrated the system’s potential for broader application and future development. The proposed monitoring system provides a cost-effective solution, offering flexibility, reliability, and valuable data-driven insights to enhance decision-making in vannamei shrimp cultivation.
Pathogenic bacteria contaminant and heavy metal content in peeled green mussels sold in the traditional market in Yogyakarta Indonesia: a case study in 2022
Authors: Suwito W. , Andriani  , Barokah G. R.
Published: December 2023

Food is needed to prevent foodborne illness. This study aimed to detect pathogenic bacteria contaminants and heavy metal content in peeled green mussels sold in the traditional market of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This research is a descriptive study with random sampling. A total of 33 samples examined E. coli., and Salmonella sp., contamination based on the most probable number (MPN) method whereas heavy metal content by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Contamination of E. coli., and Salmonella sp., were 33.3% and 9.09% respectively, exceeded by SNI 7388:2009 limits of microbial in food contamination (MPN Salmonella sp., negative/25g and MPN E. coli., <3/g). The levels of Pb and Hg in the food sample were found to be above the limit set by the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency of the Republic of Indonesia in 2018, which is greater than 0.5mg/kg. However, the levels of As and Cd were still within the limit allowed by the regulatory agency, which is less than 0.1mg/kg. It’s important to ensure that food products meet the established safety standards to protect consumers’ health and well-being. Peeled green mussels sold in traditional market in Yogyakarta, Indonesia contaminated with pathogenic bacteria and contains Pb and Hg metal.
Screening of protease-producing lactic acid bacteria from Indonesian fermented fish products and its application in chitin extraction from vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) shell
Authors: Aisyah A N , Gavi M , Putra M M P
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to screen lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from traditional Indonesian fermented fish products, namely wadi and jambal, with high protease activity for chitin production from Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp shells. Twenty-eight colonies were successfully isolated and identified through biochemical tests such as catalase and Gram staining. Seven out of the twenty-eight colonies were identified as lactic acid bacteria based on their Gram-positive and catalase-negative results. These strains from wadi samples were named GWB 1.3, GWB 1.7, and GWB 2.5, while those from jambal samples were named GMJB 1.3, GMJB 1.6, GMJB 2.6, and GMJB 2.7. The protease activity of these strains was tested using the well-diffusion method on skim milk agar to assess their deproteinized activity. The diameter of the clear zone formed after 24, 48, and 72 hours of incubation was measured. GWB 1.7 and GMJB 2.6 showed the largest clear zone diameter with 21.3 mm and 22.5 mm, respectively, and were selected for the single step-fermentation of shrimp shells. The fermentation process was conducted in 6 days with different inoculum ranging from 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% (v/v) as treatments. All treatments, including moisture, ash, and protein, were evaluated for proximate content in the final days. The results indicate that the 20% inoculum showed the highest deproteinization and demineralization for both bacterial strains. GWB 1.7 exhibited a demineralization of 43.7% and deproteinization of 25.2%, while GMJB 2.6 showed a demineralization of 39% and deproteinization of 16.1%. This study demonstrated that lactic acid bacteria from wadi and jambal samples could produce chitin from shrimp shells, a valuable biopolymer with various applications.
Seasonal effect on the amino acid and fatty acid profiles of Ulva spp. collected from Sepanjang Beach, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Poeloengasih CD , Pangestuti R , Siahaan EA , Putra Y , Bardant TB , Prasetyo DJ , Hernawan  , Jatmiko TH , Suratno  , Khasanah Y , Ali L , Christyandari DA , Widiastuti W , Suryani R , Windarsih A , Kumayanjati B , Wahyudin N
Published: December 2023

In this study, nutritional composition including amino acid and fatty acid profiles of Ulva spp. from Sepanjang beach, Yogyakarta, Indonesia collected on different seasons were investigated. The result showed that the dry season had a higher level of total amino acid than the rainy season. The presence of complete essential amino acid (EAA) in the rainy and dry seasons was discovered, accounting for 35.88% and 37.51% of the total amino acid, respectively. Flavour amino acids (Glu, Asp, Ala) were prominent in Ulva spp. and reached up to 34.30% of the total amino acid for both seasons. The ratio of essential to non-essential amino acids of Ulva spp. from the dry season was greater and substantially different (p < 0.05) than that of the rainy season. Meanwhile, the sulfur-containing amino acid concentration during the dry season declined to 2.69% from 6.59% of total amino acid in the rainy. As demonstrated by the assessment of fatty acids, saturated fatty acids (SFAs) were more prevalent in Ulva spp. over the dry season, whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) dominated during the rainy season. Ulva spp. harvested in the dry season had higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content than that of the rainy season. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was only detected in Ulva spp. from the rainy season, whereas DHA and AA were not detected in both samples. Generally, the amino acid and fatty acid profiles of Ulva spp. correlate with seasonal variations. Overall, the present investigation demonstrates the prospects of under-exploited green seaweed resources from Indonesia to be applied in food industries.
Consumer preference, quality, and financial analysis of tekwan made from snakehead, yellow tail, wolf herring, and spanish mackerels
Authors: Pratama F Y , Ustadi
Published: December 2023

Tekwan is a traditional processed fish product from South Sumatra, characterized by its flat shape and small size, resembling fish meatballs. Essentially, tekwan is made using Belida or Snakehead fish, where the fish stocks are running low. Raw materials represent one of the most critical components in a production process. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of utilizing various fish raw materials on consumer preference, quality, and financial analysis of tekwan. The experimental design employed was a randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments consisted of snakehead, yellowtail, wolf herring, and Spanish mackerels. The use of different kinds of fish in terms of chemical characteristics shows no apparent differences in fat, water, and ash levels, but significant differences (p<0.05) exist for protein levels. In the physical characteristics of the tekwan, a significant difference (p<0.05) is observed in the hardness value. In the consumer’s preference test, corks and machetes received similar ratings, while yellowtail and mackerel obtained higher preference rates. Based on the financial analysis, snakehead does not seem to be worth the effort, whereas yellowtail, mackerel, and dorab demonstrate business worthiness.
Valorization of marine by-products using green technology
Authors: Netramai S , Saleah F , Kawinkamraksa C , Wipatanawin A , Kijchavengkul T , Courtes F , Rosales C K
Published: December 2023

In this work, two cases of marine by-product valorization using green technologies were highlighted, i.e., utilization of high-pressure carbon dioxide (HPCD) for demineralization of goldstripe sardinella (Sardinella gibbosa) scales and the use of non-specific enzymes for chitosan hydrolysis. After demineralization, type I collagen can be recovered from sardine scales. This work used HPCD process (of up to 10 bar or 1 MPa) to remove minerals from scales instead of the traditional strong acid method. Results from initial phase of the work showed that the process efficiency was significantly affected by pressure applied and treatment time (p < 0.05). And the demineralization efficiency reached was significantly lower than that achieved by treatment with hydrochloric acid (p < 0.05). In the second study, the chitosanolytic activity of four non-specific enzymes were assessed for chitosan hydrolysis. The results indicated that acid protease and cellulase could be a potential choice to produce chitooligosaccharides (COS) from shrimp shell.
The characteristics and consumer acceptance of jelly drink fortified with Ulva lactuca fatty acid microemulsion
Authors: Kusumajati D R S , Budhiyanti S A
Published: December 2023

This study aims to determine the fortification of Ulva lactuca fatty acid microemulsion in jelly drinks and the characteristics and consumer acceptance of jelly drinks. The stages in this research were extraction of U. lactuca fatty acid, production of U. lactuca fatty acid microemulsion, fortification of U. lactuca fatty acid microemulsion in jelly drinks, and physical, chemical, and sensory analysis. Extraction of U. lactuca fatty acid was carried out using hexane and ethanol solvents with a ratio of 1:19 (v/v) at 70°C for 3 hours. Production of U. lactuca fatty acid microemulsion was done using three types of surfactants: Tween 80, Tween 20 and Span 80 in a ratio of 87:7.5:5.5(v/v) with 80 percent water content and 200 ppm of U. lactuca fatty acid concentration. Fortification of microemulsion in the jelly drink was carried out with several ratios: 0:10; 0.25 : 9.75; 0.5:9.5; 0.75:9.25; and 1:9. The characteristics of the jelly drink were determined by chemical and physical testing. The chemical analysis consists of pH, antioxidant content, and fatty acid composition. Physical analysis consists of syneresis, viscosity, and color. The sensory analysis consists of a preference level for color, aroma, taste, and texture. The results showed that the best fortification was microemulsion and jelly with a ratio of 0,25:9,75, with a significant effect on syneresis, viscosity, antioxidant content, color, and sensory. The results were 2.6 mg/min, 11.847 cP, 15.56%, a change in color, and a decrease in the level of preference, but they did not have a significant effect on pH.