bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic variability of marine shrimp in the Brazilian industry
Authors: Maggioni Rodrigo , Coimbra Maria Raquel Moura , Costa Raimundo Bezerra da , Diniz Fábio Mendonça , Molina Wagner Franco , Oliveira Diana Magalhães de , Puchnick-Legat Angela
Published: December 2013

The objective of this work was to estimate the genetic variability level and distribution in Brazilian broodstocks of marine shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Nine of the country's largest hatcheries were evaluated using codominant and highly polymorphic microsatellite markers. The results obtained from genotyping of ten microsatellite loci are indicative of genetic variability that is compatible with that found in wild populations of L. vannamei in Mexico and Central America. A possible explanation is the highly diversified and relatively recent origin of the available broodstocks. Bayesian analysis detected a signal for five founding populations. The distribution of genetic distances partially reflects geographical location, and this information will be useful for the creation of new broodstocks. Therefore, L. vannamei genetic variability among nine of the largest national hatcheries can be considered high.
In vitro selection of bacteria with potential for use as probiotics in marine shrimp culture
Authors: Vieira Felipe do Nascimento , Jatobá Adolfo , Mouriño José Luiz Pedreira , Vieira Eduardo Alano , Soares Mariana , Silva Bruno Corrêa da , Seiffert Walter Quadros , Martins Maurício Laterça , Vinatea Luis Alejandro
Published: December 2013

The objective of this work was to isolate strains of lactic acid bacteria with probiotic potential from the digestive tract of marine shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), and to carry out in vitro selection based on multiple characters. The ideotype (ideal proposed strain) was defined by the highest averages for the traits maximum growth velocity, final count of viable cells, and inhibition halo against nine freshwater and marine pathogens, and by the lowest averages for the traits duplication time and resistance of strains to NaCl (1.5 and 3%), pH (6, 8, and 9), and biliary salts (5%). Mahalanobis distance (D²) was estimated among the evaluated strains, and the best ones were those with the shortest distances to the ideotype. Ten bacterial strains were isolated and biochemically identified as Lactobacillus plantarum (3), L. brevis (3), Weissella confusa (2), Lactococcus lactis (1), and L. delbrueckii (1). Lactobacillus plantarum strains showed a wide spectrum of action and the largest inhibition halos against pathogens, both Gram-positive and negative, high growth rate, and tolerance to all evaluated parameters. In relation to ideotype, L. plantarum showed the lowest Mahalanobis (D²) distance, followed by the strains of W. confusa, L. brevis, L. lactis, and L. delbrueckii. Among the analyzed bacterial strains, those of Lactobacillus plantarum have the greatest potential for use as a probiotic for marine shrimp.
Larvicultura de piabanha-do-pardo em aquários de cores diferentes
Authors: Costa Deliane Cristina , Pedreira Marcelo Mattos , Coraspe-Amaral Marcos Vinicius , Dupim Anselmo Eduardo , Barral Uidemar , Duarte Eglerson
Published: December 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes cores de aquários na larvicultura da piabanha-do-pardo (Brycon sp.). Os tratamentos consistiram na utilização de aquários de cores claras (branca, verde e azul) e escuras (marrom e preta). Ao final do experimento, foram mensurados a sobrevivência, o peso, o comprimento total e a coloração das larvas, que foram comparados pelo teste de Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade. A sobrevivência foi menor (66,25%), com maior taxa de canibalismo (17,08%), no aquário de cor azul, quando comparado ao aquário de cor marrom (84,17%), com baixa taxa de canibalismo (6,25%). O comprimento total, o peso e a mortalidade não diferiram entre os tratamentos. A coloração das larvas escureceu progressivamente dos aquários mais claros para os mais escuros, o que interferiu no canibalismo e na sobrevivência. O aquário marrom promove maior valor de sobrevivência e menor taxa de canibalismo nas larvas de piabanha-do-pardo.
Shelf life and sensory assessment of tilapia quenelle during frozen storage
Authors: Angelini Maria Fernanda Calil , Galvão Juliana Antunes , Vieira Amanda de Freitas , Savay-da-Silva Luciana Kimie , Shirahigue Ligianne Din , Cabral Ingridy Simone Ribeiro , Modesta Regina Célia Della , Gallo Cláudio Rosa , Oetterer Marília
Published: December 2013

The objective of this work was to evaluate the shelf life and sensory attributes of tilapia quenelle. Treatments consisted of two types of packages - polyethylene zipper (retort pouch) (QA) and polyethylene waxed paper box (QB) - stored at -18ºC for 120 days. Tilapia quenelle was stable for all parameters established by Brazilian legislation. Average values of the evaluated attributes in different packages, during storage, showed no significant difference, except for the "refrigeration" flavor. However, during the storage period, there were significant differences for sensory attributes, as "moist appearance", fish and product aroma, and off flavors of "mud" and "refrigeration". Preserving product quality as for its sensory attributes, during storage, shows that tilapia quenelle is a convenience product and contributes to the increase of fish consumption.
Vitamina A em dieta de juvenis de pacu cultivados em tanques-rede
Authors: Signor Arcangelo Augusto , Potrich Flavia Renata , Feiden Aldi , Boscolo Wilson Rogério , Ribeiro Ricardo Pereira , Vargas Lauro
Published: December 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação de vitamina A na alimentação de juvenis de pacu cultivados em tanques-rede. Foram utilizados 2.000 peixes, com peso inicial médio de 66,93±15,03 g, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em 20 tanques-rede de 5,0 m³, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. As rações foram formuladas com 0, 3.000, 6.000, 9.000 e 12.000 UI de vitamina A por quilograma de dieta, por meio da suplementação com acetato de retinol. O arraçoamento foi realizado às 8:30, 13:30 e 17:30 h, até a saciedade aparente dos animais. Não foram observadas diferenças quanto aos parâmetros de desempenho produtivo, rendimento e composição química da carcaça, e aos parâmetros hematológicos e lipídios no fígado dos peixes que foram alimentados com diferentes níveis de vitamina A. A suplementação de vitamina A em dietas para juvenis de pacu criados em tanques-rede não influencia o desempenho produtivo dos peixes.
Larvicultura de tilápia em água doce e água salinizada
Authors: Luz Ronald Kennedy , Santos André Eduardo Heringer , Melillo Filho Reinaldo , Turra Eduardo Maldonado , Teixeira Edgar de Alencar
Published: December 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes salinidades da água na larvicultura de tilápia. Larvas com cinco dias pós-eclosão foram estocadas em tanques de 6 L durante 30 dias. Os tratamentos experimentais foram água doce e água com 2, 4, e 6 g L-1 de sal, com seis repetições. As larvas mantidas a 6 g L-1 de sal apresentaram mortalidade total, antes de dez dias de alimentação ativa. Na salinidade a 4 g L-1, a sobrevivência e o desempenho foram inferiores aos registrados para os animais mantidos em água doce e a 2 g L-1 de sal, com resultados semelhantes entre si.
Parasitofauna de cachara cultivado em tanque-rede no rio Paraguai
Authors: Jeronimo Gabriela Tomas , Ventura Arlene Sobrinho , Pádua Santiago Benites de , Satake Fabiana , Ishikawa Marcia Mayumi , Martins Mauricio Laterça
Published: December 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a fauna parasitária de cachara (Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum) cultivado em tanque-rede, no rio Paraguai. Dez peixes com peso médio de 598,0±81,3 g e comprimento total médio de 38,6±1,6 cm foram examinados. Todos os peixes necropsiados apresentaram infestação por pelo menos duas espécies de parasitos. Entre os parasitos, foram encontrados Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ciliophora), Myxobolus sp. e Henneguya sp. (Myxozoa), Monogenoidea, Choanoscolex abscissus e Nominoscolex sudobim (Cestoda), Dolops carvalhoi (Crustacea) e Digenea. O protozoário Ichthyophthirius multifiliis foi o parasito com maior prevalência.
Remoção de compostos nitrogenados e fosfatados de efluentes por meio de reator anaeróbico com fluxo ascendente
Authors: Costa Weruska de Melo , Lavander Henrique David , Oliveira Leônidas , Souza André Batista de , Gálvez Alfredo Olivera , Arana Luiz Alejandro Vinatea
Published: December 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a remoção de compostos nitrogenados e fosfatados e da carga orgânica poluidora oriunda de cultivo heterotrófico de camarão marinho, por meio de reator anaeróbico. Foi construído um reator com fluxo ascendente, em que os efluentes de entrada e saída foram avaliados continuamente durante 120 horas, com três repetições. Os parâmetros físicos e químicos avaliados foram: temperatura, pH, condutividade, ortofosfato, nitrito, nitrato, amônia, demanda química de oxigênio e sólidos totais. O reator permaneceu estável, com boas condições de retenção de sólidos. O reator anaeróbico removeu 96,7% do nitrogênio amoniacal e 91% de ortofosfatos dos efluentes de cultivo de camarão marinho, o que mostra que os efluentes tratados estão dentro dos limites estabelecidos pela legislação.
Variáveis hematológicas em tambaquis anestesiados com óleo de cravo e benzocaína
Authors: Pádua Santiago Benites de , Dias Neto José , Sakabe Róberson , Claudiano Gustavo da Silva , Chagas Edsandra Campos , Pilarski Fabiana
Published: December 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito anestésico de óleo de cravo e benzocaína sobre os parâmetros hematológicas e a fragilidade osmótica dos eritrócitos em tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Trinta peixes adultos foram avaliados em três tratamentos: controle, sem anestesia; anestesia com óleo de cravo a 50 mg L-1; e anestesia com benzocaína a 100 mg L-1. O sangue dos peixes foi coletado para a determinação do hemograma, e o teste de fragilidade osmótica dos eritrócitos foi aplicado. As doses utilizadas de óleo de cravo e benzocaína não são adequadas para estudos hematológicos, para estabelecer valores de referência em tambaquis, pois causam alterações expressivas dos parâmetros hematológicos, tais como leucocitose e hemólise iatrogênica.
Non-compression X-bracing system using CF anchors for seismic strengthening of RC structures
Authors: Ju Minkwan , Lee Kang Seok , Sim Jongsung , Kwon Hyuckwoo
Published: December 2013

Cross-bracing (X-bracing) is one of the most popular methods of seismic retrofitting. Research results indicate that X-bracing significantly increases structural stiffness and enhances the strength of the structures. However, researchers have also noted that conventional steel X-bracing methods can involve brittle failure at the connection between the brace and the building, as well as buckling failure of the braces. The current research thus investigated the structural properties of a new type of non-compression carbon fibre (CF) X-bracing system with the goal of overcoming the brittle and buckling failures that can occur with conventional steel X-bracing methods. The proposed non-compression X-bracing system uses CF bracing and anchors to replace the conventional steel bracing and bolt connection. This paper reports on the seismic resistance of a reinforced concrete frame strengthened using CF X-bracing. Cyclic loading tests were carried out, and the structural stiffness and ductility were investigated along with the hysteresis of the lateral load–drift relations. CF is less rigid than the conventional materials used for seismic retrofitting, resulting in some significant advantages: the strength of the structure increased markedly with the use of CF X-bracing and no buckling failure of the bracing was observed.
Combined impacts of polypropylene fibres on workability, strength and permeability of SCC
Authors: He Xiao-bing , Yan Bo , Gu Jian-yi , Shen Qiang
Published: December 2013

The workability, strength and permeability of self-consolidating concrete (SCC), reinforced with polypropylene monofilament fibre, collated fibrillated polypropylene network fibre and a hybrid of these two, are investigated. Combined impacts of polypropylene fibres on SCC are then analysed using the theory of Bingham plastic flow, the principle of fracture mechanics and the composition of microstructure based on scanning electron microscopy. Results show that: (a) in the case of identical fibre volume fraction, the workability of fresh SCC reinforced with polypropylene monofilament fibre is better than that with fibrillated polypropylene network fibre; (b) when the fibre volume fraction is less than 0·10%, strength properties and water impermeability of hardened SCC increase with the fibre addition, and the charge passed increases slightly, but when the fibre volume fraction is higher than 0·15%, the charge increases dramatically; (c) SCC with polypropylene monofilament fibre has better impermeability, but lower static strength than that with fibrillated polypropylene network fibre; (d) compared with ordinary SCC, SCC with the hybrid of 0·05% volume fraction of polypropylene monofilament fibre and 0·05% collated fibrillated polypropylene network fibre has a 22% increase in flexural tensile strength, a 21% increase in splitting strength and a 56% decrease in water penetration depth, and the Coulomb value of chloride ion penetrability is low, about 1013 C at 56 d.
Effect of plasma on modal dispersion characteristics of elliptical Bragg waveguide
Authors: Prajapati Y. , Saini J. , Chauhan D. , Singh V.
Published: December 2013

In this paper, the dispersion characteristics of a plasma filled elliptical Bragg waveguide is investigated. The modal characteristic equations of the proposed Bragg waveguide for both ω > ωp and ω < ωp are derived. The effects of plasma frequency, numbers of cladding layers and the eccentricity of elliptical Bragg waveguide on the dispersion characteristics are studied. The analysis shows that the introduction of plasma in the proposed waveguide allows to control the propagation of modes.
Effect of Aerated Drinks on Force Decay Properties of Elastomeric Chains: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Kumar Reena R , Gahlot Mayank , Kaur Nameeta , Miglani Anil
Published: December 2013

Objective: To evaluate the effect of three commercially available aerated drinks on percentage of force decay of elastomeric chains used for orthodontic space closure.

Materials & Method: Commercially available closed grey and clear elastomeric chains from two manufacturers were used in the study. The test solutions were distilled water (control), popular lemon based aerated drink, an orange based aerated drink and an aerated cola drink. Four acrylic resin jigs were constructed to provide a framework to simulate the distance between the permanent canine and first molar. The elastomeric chains were stretched and engaged between the two attachments. Jig I, II and III were immersed in the cola, orange and aerated lemon drink respectively for a period of two hours daily. Jig IV (control) was immersed in distilled water. Force levels were evaluated at the time intervals of 0 hours, 2 hrs, 12 hrs, 24 hrs, 3 days, 5 days and 7 days with a mechanical force gauge.

Result: Force decay was statistically significant at T1 i.e. 2 hrs post immersion for all drinks compared. This decay was the highest for the elastomeric chains immersed in orange based drink followed by cola, lemon and the control. There was no significant difference between the two tested elastomeric chains.

Conclusion: History recording should take cognizance of consumption of aerated drinks and their effect on orthodontic space closure.
Comparative Dentoskeletal Study of Class II Division 1 and Class II Division 2 Malocclusion Subjects
Authors: Dhakal Jyoti
Published: December 2013

The dentoskeletal characteristics of Class II malocclusion subjects were evaluated using cephalometric radiograph and dental cast of 60 untreated patients. The sample included 30 Class II Division 1 and 30 Class II Division 2 malocclusion patients. The inter-canine, inter-premolar, inter-molar, inter-canine alveolar, inter-premolar alveolar, inter-molar alveolar widths are measured on study models. The result showed statistically significant difference between the groups for mandibular inter-canine width only. The cephalometric analysis revealed that SNB angle was responsible for the skeletal sagittal difference between the two groups except for the position of maxillary incisors. No basic difference in dentoskeletal morphology existed between Class II Division 1 and Class II Division 2 malocclusions.
Orthodontic Tooth Movement and its effect on Oral Tissues: A Review
Authors: Singh Anil
Published: December 2013

No abstract available.
Orthodontic Extrusion of Fractured Tooth: A Case Report
Authors: Kafle Dashrath , Shrestha Reetu , Sapkota Binam , Acharya Nisha
Published: December 2013

Trauma to the aesthetic region of the mouth is very common. However the treatment of the traumatic injuries of the tooth depends upon various factors. Orthodontic extrusion of the fractured tooth is regularly practiced treatment modality. Orthodontic extrusion of such tooth is physiological, less invasive and long lasting. The extrusion of the tooth brings enough dental tissue to maintain the biological width and ferrule later into restorative/prosthetic phase. In this article we will report a case which was extruded 4mm after endodontic treatment and restored by crown.
Innovative Loop Design for Effective & Efficient Space Closure: The Swan Loop
Authors: Kohli Sarvraj , Chandrasekhar Shyamala , Sundari KK Shantha , Felicita Sumathi , Kohli Virinder S
Published: December 2013

Various space closing mechanics have been advocated for fixed appliance orthodontic mechanotherapy, ranging from the use of micro-implants to employing specially designed space closing loops. These techniques have their inherent advantages and disadvantages; primarily with friction-less mechanics it is the intricate wire-bending which dissuades the clinician from everyday usage. Presented in this report is a proposal of an innovative loop which can be readily assimilated in clinical orthodontic practice and is both efficient and effective for controlled space closure scenarios.
Mixture Design Optimization of Low-Noise Pavements
Authors: Losa M. , Leandri P. , Licitra G.
Published: December 2013

This paper proposes a tool to optimize the mix design of low-noise pavements. An experimental model was developed to predict the rolling noise of a reference car tire as a function of the composition and volumetric characteristics of mixes obtained from in-service pavements. The model enables an analyst to identify which composition parameters need to be altered to improve the acoustic performance of a low-noise pavement. To define the experimental model, several types of asphalt surface layers composed of hot-mix asphalt mixtures with different void contents, different aggregate grading, and different bitumen percentages were analyzed in situ and by laboratory tests. The acoustical properties of pavement surfaces were evaluated by the close-proximity method. The model was defined by using a multivariate nonlinear regression technique to relate composition and volumetric characteristics of asphalt mixtures with rolling noise levels recorded at different speeds. This model, which is a function of several significant parameters of asphalt mixture composition and tire speed, has proved to be highly reliable in predicting car tire rolling noise. Because the model enables the identification of mixture characteristics that require modification in relation to the specific value of the mean traffic speed, it is particularly useful for the optimization of low-noise pavement mix design.
Interface Layer Tack Coat Optimization
Authors: Salinas Alejandro , Al-Qadi Imad L. , Hasiba Khaled I. , Ozer Hasan , Leng Zhen , Parish Derek C.
Published: December 2013

Interface bonding is a key factor affecting pavement performance life. This study focused on optimizing in situ tack coat application rate and field installation. The objective was to validate the laboratory-determined optimum residual application rate and evaluate the field performance of tack coat materials. The parameters analyzed included two cleaning methods (broom and air blast), two paving procedures (spray paver and conventional paving with use of a distributor and a regular paver), tack coat type (SS-1h, SS-1hp, and SS-1vh), and existing pavement surface. Projects were conducted on I-80 and Illinois Route 98. Cores were tested by using the interface shear test device. A life-cycle cost analysis that considered construction materials and paving methods was performed. Results showed similar bond strength for both cleaning methods; however, air-blast cleaning reduced the required optimum residual application rate. The resulting interface bond strength was similar when using either of the paving procedures considered. SS-1vh, a nontrack tack coat, performed better than any other material studied. Identification of the optimum tack coat application rate will help ensure cost-effective and efficient tack coat application in the field.
Use of Cyclic Direct Tension Tests and Digital Imaging Analysis to Evaluate Moisture Susceptibility of Warm-Mix Asphalt Concrete
Authors: Lee Jong-Sub , Lee Jae-Jun , Kwon Soo-Ahn , Kim Y. Richard
Published: December 2013

This paper presents a simplified viscoelastic continuum damage material model for the evaluation of moisture susceptibility of asphalt concrete. The model is based on cyclic direct tension testing and layered viscoelastic analysis. The visual stripping inspection afforded by digital imaging analysis is also proposed as an intuitive and straightforward method for moisture susceptibility evaluation. These methods were applied to a Superpave® 19-mm hot-mix asphalt mixture and corresponding warm-mix asphalt mixtures modified by a polyethylene wax-type additive with and without an antistripping agent. The fatigue life predicted by the simplified viscoelastic continuum damage and layered viscoelastic analysis models had a strong correlation with the percentage of stripping determined from specimen surfaces that were fractured during cyclic direct tension testing of the hot-mix and warm-mix asphalt mixtures with various asphalt contents. In addition, a polyethylene wax-type additive combined with an antistripping agent was found to provide a longer fatigue life and less stripping than a pure polyethylene wax-type additive. The findings from this paper should provide guidance to agencies and material engineers in developing asphalt binder modifiers that lengthen the fatigue life of pavements and reduce moisture susceptibility.
Root-Zone Glyphosate Exposure Adversely Affects Two Ditch Species
Authors: Saunders Lyndsay , Koontz Melissa , Pezeshki Reza
Published: December 2013

Glyphosate, one of the most applied herbicides globally, has been extensively studied for its effects on non-target organisms. In the field, following precipitation, glyphosate runs off into agricultural ditches where it infiltrates into the soil and thus may encounter the roots of vegetation. These edge-of-field ditches share many characteristics with wetlands, including the ability to reduce loads of anthropogenic chemicals through uptake, transformation, and retention. Different species within the ditches may have a differential sensitivity to exposure of the root zone to glyphosate, contributing to patterns of abundance of ruderal species. The present laboratory experiment investigated whether two species commonly found in agricultural ditches in southcentral United States were affected by root zone glyphosate in a dose-dependent manner, with the objective of identifying a sublethal concentration threshold. The root zone of individuals of Polygonum hydropiperoides and Panicum hemitomon were exposed to four concentrations of glyphosate. Leaf chlorophyll content was measured, and the ratio of aboveground biomass to belowground biomass and survival were quantified. The findings from this study showed that root zone glyphosate exposure negatively affected both species including dose-dependent reductions in chlorophyll content. P. hydropiperdoides showed the greatest negative response, with decreased belowground biomass allocation and total mortality at the highest concentrations tested.
Synthesis, Characterisation, and Evaluation of a Cross-Linked Disulphide Amide-Anhydride-Containing Polymer Based on Cysteine for Colonic Drug Delivery
Authors: Lim Vuanghao , Peh Kok , Sahudin Shariza
Published: December 2013

The use of disulphide polymers, a low redox potential responsive delivery, is one strategy for targeting drugs to the colon so that they are specifically released there. The objective of this study was to synthesise a new cross-linked disulphide-containing polymer based on the amino acid cysteine as a colon drug delivery system and to evaluate the efficiency of the polymers for colon targeted drug delivery under the condition of a low redox potential. The disulphide cross-linked polymers were synthesised via air oxidation of 1,2-ethanedithiol and 3-mercapto-N-2-(3-mercaptopropionamide)-3-mercapto propionic anhydride (trithiol monomers) using different ratio combinations. Four types of polymers were synthesised: P10, P11, P151, and P15. All compounds synthesised were characterised by NMR, IR, LC-MS, CHNS analysis, Raman spectrometry, SEM-EDX, and elemental mapping. The synthesised polymers were evaluated in chemical reduction studies that were performed in zinc/acetic acid solution. The suitability of each polymer for use in colon-targeted drug delivery was investigated in vitro using simulated conditions. Chemical reduction studies showed that all polymers were reduced after 0.5–1.0 h, but different polymers had different thiol concentrations. The bacterial degradation studies showed that the polymers were biodegraded in the anaerobic colonic bacterial medium. Degradation was most pronounced for polymer P15. This result complements the general consensus that biodegradability depends on the swellability of polymers in an aqueous environment. Overall, these results suggest that the cross-linked disulphide-containing polymers described herein could be used as coatings for drugs delivered to the colon.
The Need for Clinical Decision Support Integrated with the Electronic Health Record for the Clinical Application of Whole Genome Sequencing Information
Authors: Welch Brandon , Kawamoto Kensaku
Published: December 2013

Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is rapidly approaching widespread clinical application. Technology advancements over the past decade, since the first human genome was decoded, have made it feasible to use WGS for clinical care. Future advancements will likely drive down the price to the point wherein WGS is routinely available for care. However, were this to happen today, most of the genetic information available to guide clinical care would go unused due to the complexity of genetics, limited physician proficiency in genetics, and lack of genetics professionals in the clinical workforce. Furthermore, these limitations are unlikely to change in the future. As such, the use of clinical decision support (CDS) to guide genome-guided clinical decision-making is imperative. In this manuscript, we describe the barriers to widespread clinical application of WGS information, describe how CDS can be an important tool for overcoming these barriers, and provide clinical examples of how genome-enabled CDS can be used in the clinical setting.
La lyre et la cithare : les instruments à cordes de la musique étrusque
Authors: Jannot Jean-René
Published: December 2013

Les instruments à cordes de la musique étrusque ne sont connus que par leurs représentations figurées. L'étude de 85 représentations allant de l'aube du VIe siècle à la fin du IIe siècle avant J.-C. fournit d'utiles précisions. En analysant le nombre des cordes, leur diamètre, la technique de jeu, l'association avec d'autres instruments et avec la voix, on peut déterminer que ces instruments servaient surtout à l'accompagnement, et aussi que la lyre était l'instrument d'amateur des membres de la haute société, tandis que la cithare était jouée par des professionnels, dotés dans certains cas de fonctions religieuses ou d'un rôle d'apparat.
La personnalité de Cicéron à l'âge de 26 ans (Pro Quinctio). Sa pensée sociale et politique
Authors: Rolin G.
Published: December 2013

Plutôt que d'étudier le Pro Quinctio, comme on l'a fait généralement, pour souligner divers aspects du commerce romain et de ses conflits, l'auteur de l'article recherche les idées politiques et sociales que Cicéron, à l'âge de 26 ans, a exprimées dans le discours. Combinée avec les méthodes traditionnelles d'investigation, la méthode structurale lui permet de déceler les idées maîtresses qui ont inspiré l'orateur durant toute sa carrière et lui fournit une clef qui pourrait servir à les mieux interpréter. C'est un nouvel humanisme qui était esquissé dans cette œuvre de jeunesse, mais trop original pour que la société romaine pût l'accepter d'emblée : il distinguait Cicéron des nobiles de la faction des Metelli et il ne le distinguait pas moins des populares.
Athens' Difficulty Sparta's Opportunity : Causation and the Peloponnesian War
Authors: Powell C. A.
Published: December 2013

Entre 465 et 404, les Spartiates ont agi envers les Athéniens avec un opportunisme politique d'une rare intelligence. Les faits de cette période - la portée n'en a pas été suffisamment soulignée - montrent comment Sparte s'entendait à exploiter la moindre faiblesse d'Athènes, mais aussi à devenir prudente sitôt qu'elle avait lieu d'appréhender une nette résistance de sa part. Son comportement n'était pas différent à l'endroit de certaines autres cités. L'attitude qu'elle prit en 431 résulta des difficultés que les Athéniens connaissaient avec Potidée et avec ses voisins. Une analyse des événements d'alors, si elle tient compte de la doctrine générale de la limitation des causes, conduit à élucider les motivations profondes des Spartiates.
Sur l'origine hippocratique des concepts de révulsion et de dérivation
Authors: Marganne Marie-Hélène
Published: December 2013

Les premières attestations de la révulsion (ἀντίσπασις ) et de la dérivation (παροχέτευσις), qui étaient encore utilisées naguère en thérapeutique, se trouvent dans le Corpus hippocratique. Alors que le mot παροχέτευσες n'apparaît que dans un groupe restreint de traités et n'y désigne qu'un processus thérapeutique, le terme ἀντίσπασις , répandu dans tout le Corpus, recouvre des processus naturels, pathogènes et thérapeutiques, qui sont justifiés par des théories physiologiques différentes.
La Retra di Epitadeo e la situazione sociale di Sparta nel IV secolo
Authors: Marasco Gabriele
Published: December 2013

Un nouvel examen des sources et de la situation sociale de Sparte au ive siècle avant J.-C. permet de formuler une nouvelle explication des contenus et des buts de la rhétra d'Épitadée. Cette loi, promulguée après la bataille de Leuctres, devait remédier à l'inquiétante diminution du nombre des citoyens. Elle prévoyait deux modes de transmission de la terre : la donation et la succession testamentaire par adoption, lesquelles visaient respectivement à résoudre les problèmes des Spartiates pauvres et ceux des ὐπομείονες .
Essai de reconstitution du Traité de tactique de Polybe d'après le livre III des Histoires
Authors: Poznanski Lucien
Published: December 2013

Polybe a écrit un Traité de Tactique qui ne nous est pas parvenu. Dans ses Histoires, il a montré, à maintes reprises, son intérêt pour l'art militaire. Si l'on tente de reconstituer ce Traité, il est clair que le livre III des Histoires a une importance capitale, en ce sens qu'il met en scène un général exemplaire pour Polybe : l'Hannibal de la première phase de la seconde guerre punique, celle qui mène de Sagonte à Cannes. Cette guerre éclair avait été un modèle de guerre totale, globale, digne de servir d'exemple aux futurs chefs d'État que l'historien voulait éduquer. Il s'agissait là d'une magistrale leçon d'histoire, dépassant le simple enseignement militaire.
Olympiodorus of Thebes
Authors: Baldwin Barry
Published: December 2013

Cet article consacré à Olympiodore de Thèbes, historien et poète, offre une nouvelle analyse de sa carrière, de ses fragments conservés, de son style particulier. Il souligne le caractère abusif de la conception, propre à certains modernes, selon laquelle Olympiodore aurait été une sorte d'espion de charme. Il définit son influence sur Philostorge, chroniqueur des affaires ecclésiastiques.
Kleos and its Ironies in the Odyssey
Authors: Segal Charles
Published: December 2013

This study of the role of kleos, heroic fame, in the Odyssey attempts to relate the anomalies in Odysseus' heroism to the poem's self-consciousness about the epic singer and his song. This hero wins by guile rather than force, conceals rather than proclaims his name, and in describing his own deeds as past events already fixed as heroic tradition sings of his own kleos, like a bard. His narration to the Phaeacians, his meeting with the Cyclops, and his restoration of festive song as at a wedding near the end of the poem offer different models for the social function of song and memory. The immobility and putrefaction associated with the Sirens are a negation of the vital power of epic kleos to reach between living and dead. In book XXIII Odysseus not only creates (or re-creates) kleos in words, like a bard, but once more wins kleos as a hero who performs great deeds. Even here, however, the unheroic elements, stressed in the second Nekyia, leave Odysseus' kleos surrounded by ambiguities and paradoxes.
Tyrtaeus 9 D. : the Role of Poetry in the New Sparta
Authors: Tarkow Theodor A.
Published: December 2013

A cause de son analyse de l'aretê, le poème 9 D. de Tyrtée est bien connu, depuis longtemps, des historiens de la littérature et de la civilisation grecques. Le présent article, qui en étudie de manière détaillée la forme et le fond, soulève des questions relatives à la nature et au but de la poésie, et traite, en complément, du rôle du poète dans la société. Il défend l'idée que les vers de Tyrtée méritent une attention toute particulière pour la place qui leur revient dans l'évolution de la critique littéraire grecque.
Originality and Mannerism in Statius' Use of Myth in the Silvae
Authors: Verstraete Beert C.
Published: December 2013

Stace, dans les Silves, fait preuve de beaucoup de vivacité et d'originalité quand il recourt à des figures et à des situations mythologiques pour construire un récit ou pour créer une ample évocation qui enveloppe d'idéal et de surhumain les faits et gestes relatés. Quand il utilise la mythologie seulement comme un trésor de paradigmes et d'illustrations, son imagination est, en général, plus conventionnelle.
L'Iliade, style formulaire ou non formulaire
Authors: Cosset Evelyne
Published: December 2013

La diction homérique se caractérise par la mise en œuvre d'une technique formulaire ; la souplesse de ce système traditionnel ressort de l'étude des équivalences métriques de la guerre et des épithètes à distance qualifiant Ulysse et la guerre. Une adaptation de nature sémantique de l'épithète au contexte et une utilisation plus esthétique de celle-ci confirment la relative liberté du poète.
Dio Chrysostom : the Bithynian Years
Authors: Sheppard Anthony R. R.
Published: December 2013

L'auteur étudie la visite faite par Dion à Olbia-Borysthène ; il en discute le rapport avec le retour d'exil et la chronologie des discours 12, 13, 40, 44. Il passe ensuite en revue les autres œuvres concernant la Bithynie et suggère, pour le discours 38, la date de 81 environ. Enfin, il tente une biographie politique de Dion pour les années 101-110.
La République de Platon et la communauté des femmes
Authors: Saïd Suzanne
Published: December 2013

La « communauté des femmes » a, dans la République, un double sens. Introduite par le biais d'une métaphore, la communauté d'activités entre les hommes et les femmes n'est jamais qu'une digression aux conséquences limitées. Par contre, la mise en commun des femmes par les hommes est un élément essentiel d'une stratégie qui vise à sceller l'unité de la classe dirigeante et à transformer le groupe des gardiens en une famille unie. Cette transformation est rendue possible par une oblitération du biologique et de la maternité au profit d'une paternité symbolique qui se confond avec un acte de langage.
Love and leisure in Roman comedy and the amatory poets
Authors: Rosivach Vincent J.
Published: December 2013

Étude des métiers que la comédie romaine et la poésie romaine du premier siècle av. J.-C. opposent à la vie d'amour et de loisir (amor et otium) des jeunes amoureux. Les métiers qui enrichissent un pauvre reflètent les valeurs du monde grec, les métiers qui mènent à l'honneur et à la gloire celles du monde romain. La présence de valeurs grecques dans la comédie romaine est naturelle, leur présence chez les poètes augustéens est la preuve de la transmission de valeurs sociales grecques à travers l'éducation romaine typique.
La métis du tyran ou l'aporie d'un pouvoir malin (Platon, Rép., VIIl, 565 d - 579 e)
Authors: Meulder Marcel
Published: December 2013

Aux livres VIII et IX de la République, Platon fait du tyran l'homme politique doué de métis par excellence. Cette métis qui l'apparente au loup, mais aussi à Hermès, à Éros et à la Gorgone, est funeste d'abord pour la cité tyrannique, puis pour l'homme tyrannique lui-même. En effet, les pouvoirs politique, rhétorique et séducteur du tyran conduisent sa propre personne à la mort (esclavage) et la civilisation politique à l'anéantissement. De cette tyrannie ne peut renaître aucun régime politique ; cette métis ne mène qu'à une aporie absolue, le Non-Être.
Dion Chrysostome et la domination romaine
Authors: Méthy Nicole
Published: December 2013

Malgré ses apparentes contradictions, l'attitude spirituelle de Dion Chrysostome face à la domination romaine, telle qu'elle ressort de son oeuvre, se caractérise par une certaine stabilité. Sans jamais renier l'hellénisme, l'auteur justifie cette suprématie moins par le déclin du monde grec que par l'attribution à la VIIIe d'une supériorité intrinsèque due à la possession de qualités spécifiques et à la faveur de la fortune. Rome devient ainsi une notion abstraite, qui ne coïncide pas effectivement avec la ville réelle, mais s'intègre, pour la première fois, dans des catégories antérieurement élaborées par la pensée grecque.
El mecenazzo femenino imperiale : el caso de Julia Domna
Authors: Saavedra-Guerrero Daría
Published: December 2013

L'article a trait à des activités de mécénat où le premier rôle a été joué par un membre de la famille impériale, l'impératrice Julia Domna, figure féminine exceptionnelle dans l'histoire de Rome.
Philippe l'Arabe (244-249), civilis princeps
Authors: Prickartz Charles
Published: December 2013

L'article applique à l'étude du règne de Philippe l'Arabe les recherches d'A. Wallace-Hadrill (Civilis Princeps. Between Citizen and King, dans J.R.S., 72 [1982], p. 32-48), non sans élargir le spectre des sources d'information au contexte du IIIe siècle et au gouvernement dudit empereur. Le résultat en est une vision globale cohérente et intégratrice de nos connaissances sur ce règne d'inspiration résolument civile et continuateur de Sévère Alexandre.
Tradition und Innovation. Zu Stesichoros' Umgang mit dem Mythos
Authors: Mueller-Goldingen Christian
Published: December 2013

Christian MUELLER-GOLDINGEN, Tradition und Innovation. Zu Stesichoros' Umgang mit dem Mythos. - Cet article tente de répondre à deux questions majeures : où se situe le poète face à la tradition de l'épopée homérique ? Quelle est son influence sur les auteurs tragiques du Ve s. av. J.-C. ? Ses œuvres intitulées Orestie et Ilioupersis, qui font partie de sa grande force créatrice, sont analysées sous des angles nouveaux afin de savoir si elles font preuve du talent du poète qui consiste à avoir inventé et réalisé à la fois la synthèse des innovations opérées par ses prédécesseurs ou contemporains. Pour l'interprétation de l'Orestie, l'analyse a recours à Pindare, une source négligée jusqu'à présent par les études récentes consacrées à Stésichore. Quant à l' Ilioupersis, il est question de la manière dont Stésichore exploite le mythe de Troie pour lui donner une dimension politique.
La notion de patrie dans la pensée politique de Solon
Authors: L'Homme Wéry Louise-Marie
Published: December 2013

Louise-Marie L' HOMME- WERY, La notion de patrie dans la pensée politique de Solon. - Le mythe de la Mère exprime aux yeux de Solon l'unité à nouveau réalisée entre Athènes et Eleusis, ainsi que la réintégration des exclus dans leurs droits civiques. Mais, si ce mythe et le culte qui le concrétise postulent l'égalité des citoyens entre eux, Solon n'entend pas pour autant partager en parts égales la terre de la patrie. Il répondra donc aux exigences égalitaires du démos en écrivant les lois «semblablement» pour chacun.
Propositions relatives compléments adjoints de noms en latin
Authors: Lavency Marius
Published: December 2013

Marius LAVENCY, Propositions relatives compléments adjoints de noms en latin. - Sont dites «compléments adjoints» de nom, les propositions relatives un nom à référence saturée. Ces propositions, non commutables avec un nominal, doivent être distinguées des «apposés». Excluant tout cataphorique, toujours postposées au nom qu'elles complètent, ces propositions admettent modale. Le subjonctif construit, là comme ailleurs et comme dans les autres propositions relatives, des valeurs que l'opposition avec l'indicatif met en évidence : intégration (vs séparation), qualification (vs détermination), information de premier plan (vs information d'arrière-plan).
Thrombocytosis and small bowel perforation: unusual presentation of abdominopelvic actinomycosis
Authors: Desteli Guldeniz Aksan , Gursu Turkan , Bircan Hüseyin Yüce , Kızılkılıç Ebru , Demiralay Ebru , Timurkaynak Funda
Published: December 2013

Intrauterine devices (IUD) are frequently used as a family planning procedure in developing countries because they are easy to administer and governmental policies support their use in many countries. It is recommended that IUDs be removed or replaced after 10 years, but longer use is common, especially in developing countries. In some cases, rare infections such as pelvic inflammatory diseases, pelvic tuberculosis, or abdominopelvic actinomycosis related to IUD can develop. Pelvic actinomycosis is a rare disease and is often diagnosed incidentally during surgery. In recent years, there has been an increase in actinomycotic infections mostly due to long-term usage of IUD and forgotten intravaginal pessaries. It usually develops as an ascending infection. It is usually associated with non-specific symptoms such as lower abdominal pain, menstrual disturbances, fever, and vaginal discharge. The disease is sometimes asymptomatic. The rate of accurate preoperative diagnosis for pelvic actinomycosis is less than 10%, and symptoms and imaging studies sometimes mimic pelvic malignancy. This report details a case with abdominopelvic actinomycosis associated with an IUD presenting with highly elevated thromboctye count and small bowel perforation with abscess formation.
The characterization of ESBL genes in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae causing nosocomial infections in Vietnam
Authors: Trang Nguyen Hoang Thu , Nga Tran Vu Thieu , Campbell James I , Hiep Nguyen Trong , Farrar Jeremy , Baker Stephen , Duy Pham Thanh
Published: December 2013

Background: Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are enzymes capable of hydrolyzing oxyimino-β-lactams and inducing resistance to third generation cephalosporins. The genes encoding ESBLs are widespread and generally located on highly transmissible resistance plasmids. We aimed to investigate the complement of ESBL genes in E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae causing nosocomial infections in hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Methodology: Thirty-two non-duplicate isolates of E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae causing nosocomial infections, isolated between March and June 2010, were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. All isolates were PCR-amplified to detect the blaSHV, blaTEM and blaCTX-M ESBL genes and subjected to plasmid analysis. Results: We found that co-resistance to multiple antimicrobials was highly prevalent, and we report the predominance of the blaCTX-M-15 and blaCTX-M-27 genes, located on highly transmissible plasmids ranging from 50 to 170 kb in size. Conclusions: Our study represents a snap shot of ESBL-producing enteric bacteria causing nosocomial infections in this setting. We suggest that antimicrobial resistance in nosocomial E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae is rampant in Vietnam and ESBL organisms are widespread. In view of these data and the dramatic levels of antimicrobial resistance reported in Vietnam we advocate an urgent review of antimicrobial use in the Vietnamese healthcare system.
One Year After Mild Injury: Comparison of Health Status and Quality of Life Between Patients with Whiplash Versus Other Injuries
Authors: Hours Martine , Khati Inès , Charnay Pierrette , Chossegros Laetitia , Tardy Hélène , Tournier Charlène , Perrine Anne-Laure , Luauté Jacques , Laumon Bernard
Published: December 2013

Objective.

To compare health status, effect on family, occupational consequences, and quality of life (QOL) 1 year after an accident between patients with whiplash versus other mild injuries, and to explore the relationship between initial injury (whiplash vs other) and QOL.

Methods.

This was a prospective cohort study. The study used data from the ESPARR cohort (a representative cohort of road accident victims) and included 173 individuals with “pure” whiplash and 207 with other mild injuries. QOL at 1-year followup was assessed on the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire. Correlations between explanatory variables and QOL were explored by Poisson regression to provide adjusted relative risks, with ANOVA for the various QOL scores explored.

Results.

One year post-accident, more patients who had whiplash than other casualties complained of nonrecovery of health status (56% vs 43%) and of the occupational effect of pain (31% vs 23%). QOL and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were similar in the 2 groups. Impaired QOL did not correlate with whiplash when models were adjusted on sociodemographic variables and history of psychological distress. Whatever the initial lesion, PTSD was a determining factor for poorer QOL.

Conclusion.

Sociodemographic factors, preaccident psychological history prior to the accident, and PTSD were the main factors influencing QOL, rather than whether the injury was whiplash. PTSD may also be related to pain.