bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Phyto-constituents and the Antibacterial Activity of Burkea africana against P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus and E. faecalis
Authors: Zengeni S. , Chifamba J. , Mutingwende I. , Manyarara T.
Published: October 2021

Bacterial skin infections are common in the tropics and the emergence of resistant bacterial strains has complicated treatment outcomes especially in immune compromised patients. This study focused on determining the antibacterial activity and preliminary phytochemical screening of the plant, Burkea Africana, which has been used for decades to treat various ailments in Southern Africa. Phyto-constituent determination and antibacterial assay was carried out on the hydro-ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Burkea Africana. The Agar well diffusion method was used to investigate the antibacterial efficacy of both extracts. Activity was measured against P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus and E. faecalis using ciprofloxacin as the standard. For both extracts, phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of steroids, tannins, saponins and carbohydrates. The 70% hydro-ethanolic extract however revealed more phyto-constituents including flavonoids and alkaloids. For both extracts antibacterial activity was comparable to the standard. The highest zone of inhibition recorded for the water extract was 22±0.4 mm at 500 mg/ml for E. coli while the standard, Ciprofloxacin had a zone of inhibition of 25±0.33 mm. The ethanolic extract showed higher antibacterial efficacy when compared to ciprofloxacin against S. aureus. The zone of inhibition for the 70% ethanolic extract was 25.4±0.50 mm and that of the standard was 27±0.48 mm. Antibacterial activity was generally higher in the ethanolic extract than the water extract. It is therefore concluded that B. africana exhibits antibacterial activity.
Long Term Influence of Manure- Fertilizer Treatments on Soil Biological Health and Yield of Rice Crop
Authors: Saliha B. Bhakiyathu , Jeyasree R. , Banupriya P. , Indirani R.
Published: October 2021

Long term manure fertilizer experiments provide valuable information on the impact of long term adoption of nutrient management systems with varying sources, types and combinations of plant nutrient inputs on soil fertility and productivity. A Permanent Manurial Experiment (PME) under rice monoculture is in operation since 1975 at the central farm of the Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai. The present study was taken up to evaluate the effects of different manure – fertilizer schedules on certain properties of the soil, available nutrient status, total microbial population and enzyme activities of the soil. In this experiment, four main plot treatments involving three organic manures viz., FYM, GLM and UC @ 12.5 t ha-1 with a no manure control and eight sub plot treatments viz., control N,P,K,NP,NK,PK and NPK. The 57th rice crop (Var ADT 49) was raised during rabi 2016 with NPK recommended dose of 150:50:50 kg N, P2O5 and K2O respectively. The maximum total bacterial population (128 x 106 CFUg-1 of dry soil), total fungal population (70 x 104 CFUg-1 of dry soil) and total actinomycetes population ( 84 x 103 CFUg-1 of dry soil) were registered in the plots that received integrated application of GLM @ 12.5 tha-1 and 100% recommended NPK (150:50:50 kgha-1 during this season). However compared to the bacterial population, the inorganic fertilizers did not have much influence on the fungal population as that of the organic manures. Integrated application of GLM @ 12.5 tha-1 along with N fertilizer with or without P and K registered the maximum dehydrogenase activity, during tillering stage of rice crop. The maximum yields of rice grain and straw (4790 and 8701 kg ha-1) respectively was recorded in the treatments that received GLM and NPK and it was evident that the inclusion of FYM or GLM or Urban compost along with NPK, N, NP, and NK fertilizers recorded significantly higher yields than their individual applications and unmanured and unfertilized control.
Improving the Heat Transfer Rate of Air Conditioning Condenser by Material Optimization
Authors: Adegbola A. A. , Adeaga O. A. , Babalola A. O. , Oladejo A. O. , Alabi A. S.
Published: October 2021

Air conditioning systems have condensers that remove unwanted heat from the refrigerant and transfer the heat outdoors. The optimization of the global exploit of heat exchanging devices is still a burdensome task due to different design parameters involved. There is need for more and substantial research into bettering cooling channel materials so as to ensure elevated performance, better efficiency, greater accuracy, long lasting and low cost heat exchanging. The aim of this research work is to improve the heat transfer rate of air conditioning condenser by optimizing materials for different tube diameters. Simulations using thermal analysis and Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) analysis were carried out to determine the better material and fluid respectively. The analysis was done using Analysis System software. Different parameters were calculated from the results obtained and graphs are plotted between various parameters such as heat flux, static pressure, velocity, mass flow rate and total heat transfer. The materials used for CFD analysis are R12 and R22, and for thermal analysis are copper and aluminium. From the CFD analysis, the result shows that R22 has more static pressure, velocity, mass flow rate and total heat transfer than R12 at condenser tube diameter 6 mm. In thermal investigation, the heat flux is more for copper material at condenser tube diameter 6 mm. Copper offers maximum heat flux. Also, refrigerant R22 scores maximum for the heat transfer criteria, but cannot be recommended due to toxicity
Importance of Advance Care of Planning and its Measure in Palliative Care for Patients Nearing Bitter End: A Review
Authors: Sheikh Shakib H. , Ankar Ruchira , Singh Seema , Hingankar Yugandhara
Published: October 2021

Background: Palliative care aims to reduce pain and suffering in patients and their families by a thorough assessment and treatment of physical, psychological, and spiritual symptoms. As a patient's death approaches, his or her symptoms may necessitate more aggressive palliation. Support for the dying patient's family should increase as comfort measures become more intense. Palliative care after a patient's death is largely concerned with bereavement and family assistance. Palliative care near the end of life requires assisting patients and their families in understanding the nature of their illness and prognosis. Palliative care professionals can assist patients and their families in determining appropriate medical care and aligning the patient's care goals with the healthcare team's aims. Finally, palliative care at the end of life requires determining the need for a medical proxy, advance directives, and resuscitation status. Physical pain, as well as substantial emotional, spiritual, and social misery, may be present in patients throughout their final hours and days. As death approaches, patients in their final days require careful symptom control, and families may need support and guidance. After the death is announced, the family is notified, and grieving support is provided, the care continues.
The Association of Initial Viral Load among COVID-19 Patients with Sociodemographic Characteristics and Travel History in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2020
Authors: Kareem Mohammed Abdul-Aziz , Ghamdi Amal Hassan Al
Published: October 2021

Background: Since declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic; researchers are trying to find out the clues for determining spread and transmission of the disease. Although viral load had been used for assessing severity, progress and transmissibility of the disease, yet, little is known about all factors associated with its changes. This study aims to explore the association of initial viral load among COVID-19 patients with sociodemographic characteristics and travel history.

Subjects and Methods: Through a record based retrospective study, laboratory confirmed cases in the period from 7th March to 31st May 2020 were included in the study (n=381); The dependent variable was the recorded viral load measured in Ct count; while the dependent variables included socio-demographic characteristics of the patients and travel history. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social sciences (SPSS) version 21. Student t test and ANOVA test were used and P value less <0.05 was considered as a level of significance.

Results: Out of all respondents (n=381), there was dominance of male cases (74.0%) over females (26.0%). The great majority (83.5%) were primarily classified as being cases, while the rest were contacts (16.5%). Most of them were symptomatic (82.9%); mainly cough (44.4%), fever (41.2%), sore throat (22.0%) and runny nose (13.1%). Fifteen percent of the respondents reported that they had travelled abroad before coming back to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and discovered as positive for COVID-19.The mean vial load was higher in males (26.2±5.55), older cases (26.5±5.39), Saudis (26.4±5.58) and health care workers (26.9±6.32), nevertheless, these differences are not statistically significant p>0.05.There was no statistically significant difference in the viral load between symptomatic and asymptomatic cases (26.0±5.48 vs 26.6±5.63) p>0.5. Nevertheless, viral load was significantly lower among those who had fever (25.2±5.70) and dyspnea (26.4±5.46) and those who reported that they did not travel abroad (29.1±4.97) p<0.05.

Conclusion and Recommendations: The current findings add more evidence to the assumption that it is likely that asymptomatic pre-symptomatic and symptomatic transmission is occurring and there is no difference between them in viral load whether they present as cases or contacts; therefore, the repeated assessment of viral load could be more valuable and informative for assessing progress of the COVID-19 on individual level rather than comparison between positive cases. Therefore, it is highly recommended to conduct further researches based on the changes of viral load along the course of the disease and find out the role of the demographic and clinical determinants on these changes.
An Overview of Analeptic Applications of Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Authors: Kwatra Bharat , Kaur Harsimran , Majumdar Joydip , Shah Mahek , Upadhyaya Mansi , Ahlawat Riya
Published: October 2021

This article is an examination of the Analeptic Applications of Omega-3. The scientific development and subsequent clinical applications of Omega-3 in Healthcare continue to influence researchers all over the globe today. This article examines the research done and published by researchers and scientists. Consideration of current trends and data in scientific queries and demonstrates further aspects of the applications of Omega-3 on various health backgrounds, including.

Cardiovascular Health: The study addresses the comparison of Omega-3 and Omega-6 in cardiovascular diseases. Higher intake of dietary Omega-3 helps activation, inhibition, and alteration of metabolic and signaling pathways which is associated with better cardiovascular health, while Omega-6 decreases the risk of coronary heart diseases and cardiovascular disease mortality.

Immunology: Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) have been found to show an anti-inflammatory effect in the body by downregulating the activation of various immune cells. They regulate immunological functions via eicosanoids and resolvins which are anti-inflammatory. External supplementation can reduce chronic and acute inflammation as well as reduce the chances of graft rejection. The regulatory effect is shown by modifying gene expression and/or signal transduction in human cells. They are also involved in altering the membrane composition of Fatty Acids(FA) and as a result, they affect the lipid raft structure and also membrane trafficking.

Joint Health: The study shows the effects of omega-3 and other fatty acid consumption in Rheumatoid Arthritis(RA), bone marrow lesions, and knee cartilage lesions. It notes the interrelations between synovitis, plasma levels of Omega-3 and Omega-6 PUFAs in OsteoArthritis (OA) patients along with risk factors for OA, which could help consider liable treatments for improvement of OA. The study highlights the importance of the Omega-6:Omega-3 PUFA ratio and clinical and functional outcome measures which can help us in better understanding the role of PUFAs and possible treatments for people with knee osteoarthritis while showing the effect of Omega-3 fatty acids on muscle health in RA.

Skin Disorders: Fish oils rich in PUFAs are reported to improve several inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. They have also been broadly reported as a potential supplement to ameliorate the severity of some skin disorders such as photoaging, skin cancer, allergy, dermatitis, cutaneous wounds, and melanogenesis. The significance of omega-3 in skin structure was proved by describing a syndrome caused by stringent fat reduction in the diet that leads to erythema with scaling, hair loss, itching, and increased water loss.
Antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative Bacteria in Urban Flies, and the Increased Risk Posed by Open-air Markets in Mexico City
Authors: F. Amábile-Cuevas Carlos , Romero-Romero Daniel
Published: October 2021

Aims: Flies are known to spread antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB), especially from farms to cities; but they may also play a role in the intra-urban dispersion of ARB, in conjunction with poor sanitary conditions. Here, we characterized gram-negative ARB isolated from urban flies (Lucilia and Sarcophaga spp.), and the co-relation with the periodic installation of two open-air markets in Mexico City.

Methodology: Forty-two flies were individually captured, and 116 gram-negatives (68 of them Escherichia coli) were isolated from them. Resistance prevalence, and the presence of class 1 integrons was assessed.

Results: The isolates were resistant to an average of 2.26 antibiotics (2.6 for E. coli), and 33% of E. coli isolates carried the intI1 gene. Thirteen percent of E. coli isolates produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), all of them CTX-M, alone or, mostly, along TEM enzymes. Comparing data from market-free days vs. days when open-air markets were installed, the average number of resistance phenotypes per E. coli isolate went from 2.14 to 3.09; the number of resistance phenotypes per fly from 4.62 to 8.88; the average number of resistances per isolate per fly from 1.25 to 2.43; and the ESBL-producing carriage rate per fly from 0.08 to 0.38, respectively (P <.05). Other resistance parameters, were consistently higher among flies captured on market days, but differences were not significant.

Conclusion: Urban flies in Mexico City carry a high number of gram-negative ARB; the presence of open-air markets significantly increase the risk of fly-mediated ARB spreading to the neighboring areas.
Appendiceal Carcinoid Tumor Contained in a Large Inguinal Hernia: A Case Report
Authors: Aabo Meghan , Walcott-Sapp Sarah , Standage Hayley , Standage Blayne
Published: October 2021

We report the first case of a clinically diagnosed incidental appendiceal carcinoid tumor contained in an incarcerated inguinal hernia without inflammation of the appendix. A 67-year-old white man underwent elective open repair of an incarcerated right inguinal hernia containing small bowel, cecum, appendix, and ascending colon. He was found to have a grossly abnormal mass at the tip of his appendix. Appendectomy was performed, and histopathologic analysis confirmed the presence and adequate resection of a neuroendocrine tumor. It is important for general surgeons to be aware that unusual presentations of appendiceal tumors may not be associated with appendiceal inflammation or related symptoms.
Target-Controlled Anesthesia Reduces Postoperative Delirium in Spinal Surgical Patients: A Prospective Pilot Study
Authors: Zhang Cheng-Hua , Ma Wei-Qing , Yang Yun-Li , Dong Fa-Tuan
Published: October 2021

The aim of this pilot study was to examine the effect of combined target-controlled anesthesia and manually controlled anesthesia on the incidence of postoperative delirium (POD) in patients undergoing spinal surgery. All of the patients were enrolled before spinal surgery and divided into 2 groups at random: one group received combined sevoflurane target-controlled inhalation and sufentanil target-controlled infusion (S-S TCI group), whereas the other received combined manually controlled sevoflurane inhalation and sufentanil infusion (S-S MCI group). Data related to preoperative factors, perioperative factors, and postoperative data were retrospectively collected. Compared with the S-S MCI group, the dosage of vasoactive drugs after surgery, postoperative recovery time, time to cannula removal, and the incidence of POD were significantly decreased in the S-S TCI group (P < 0.05). Overall, POD appeared in 81 patients (16.8%) by postoperative day 3. Multiple regression analysis showed that postoperative blood loss and manually controlled anesthesia were risk factors for POD in spinal surgery patients. Therefore, prophylactic blood transfusion and phenylephrine can reduce the incidence of POD in the presence of postoperative hypotension. Target-controlled anesthesia may improve the quality of anesthesia as well as reduce POD in spinal surgical patients. These results provide clinical evidence for improving the prevention, diagnosis, and management of POD.
Occult Early Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Zenker's Diverticulum Treated With Diverticulectomy Followed by Additional Esophagectomy With Free Jejunal Reconstruction: A Case Report
Authors: Shiraishi Takuya , Tomizawa Naoki , Andoh Tatsumasa , Sato Hiroaki , Ninomiya Itasu
Published: October 2021

A 63-year-old man was evaluated for a 20-year history of dysphagia and vomiting. Barium-swallow esophagography showed a Zenker's diverticulum at the upper end of the esophagus. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed the diverticulum about 20 cm from the incisors. There was no mucosal inflammation or irregularity in the diverticulum. Computed tomography showed that the diverticulum was about 8 cm in size. There was no lymphadenopathy around the esophagus. Because the patient's symptoms were worsening, we performed diverticulectomy using a linear stapling device and cricopharyngeal myotomy. The mucosa of the resected specimen had no macroscopically abnormal lesions. However, an area unstained by iodine that widely involved the surgical margin was recognized at pathologic examination. Pathologic findings revealed squamous cell carcinoma invading the lamina propria mucosa with inflammatory cell infiltration. In addition, the pathologic surgical margin was widely positive. However, a remnant tumor lesion was not detected by postoperative esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Biopsies near the staple line were negative. After obtaining informed consent, we performed resection of the cervical esophagus including the proximal stump of the diverticulum and cervical lymphadenectomy approximately 4 months after the primary operation as an additional surgery. Reconstruction was performed by free jejunal transplantation with microvascular anastomosis. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 45. Pathologic examination revealed no malignant lesion in the resected specimen, and radical cure was confirmed.
Ischemic Bowel Mimicking a Colonic Mass in RS3PE Syndrome
Authors: Yildiz Baris Dogu
Published: October 2021

Remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema syndrome is characterized by symmetrical synovitis involving wrists and flexor digitorum tendon sheaths associated with marked pitting edema of the dorsum of hands. It is considered a paraneoplastic syndrome. Here we describe a middle-aged patient with this syndrome presenting with acute abdomen and ischemic bowel mimicking a colonic mass. Rheumatologists and surgeons should consider mesenteric vascular events in patients with remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema who present with acute abdomen, even in patients younger than 50 years. Our case is the first case in the literature reporting the association between ischemic infarction of colon and remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema. Remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema needs to be listed among other rheumatologic diseases associated with mesenteric vascular occlusion.
Laparoscopic Partial Cecal Resection With an Endoscopic Linear Stapler in Complicated Appendicitis: A Single Center Experiences
Authors: Rhu Jiyoung , Song Byung Joo , Sung Kiyoung , Cho Jinbeom
Published: October 2021

Introduction

It can be challenging to perform an appendectomy laparoscopically in patients with complicated appendicitis with severe inflammation or perforation of the appendix base. This study aimed to introduce a simple alternative surgical treatment that can be used safely in difficult appendectomy cases.

Case presentation

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 14 patients who underwent laparoscopic partial resection of the cecum with a linear stapler between January 2015 and December 2016 in our hospital. Fourteen patients were included in this study, and no surgical complications were observed. Enteral feeding was resumed on the third or fourth postoperative day, and the average length of hospital stay was 7.6 days (range, 5 to 12 days).

Conclusion

The results suggest that laparoscopic partial cecal resection with an endostapler is a safe, simple surgical procedure that can be a good alternative in patients with complicated appendicitis.
Child-Turcotte-Pugh Score as a Predictive Factor for Long-Term Survival After Repeat Hepatectomy for Recurrent Liver Metastases of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Bong Jun Woo , Joo Younuk , Seo Jihyun , Kang Sang Hee , Lee Sun Il , Park Pyoung-Jae , Choi Sae-Byeol , Min Byung Wook
Published: October 2021

Objective

We aimed to evaluate the changes in liver function after repeat hepatectomy and their relationship with survival of patient with colorectal cancer.

Summary of Background Data

Repeat hepatectomy has been accepted as an effective treatment for recurrent liver metastases; however, how repeat hepatectomy changes the liver function during the follow-up period is not well understood.

Methods

Data regarding patients underwent R0 resections at initial hepatectomy for colorectal cancer with liver metastasis from 2012 to 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into groups according to the total number of hepatectomies. Overall survival and Child-Turcotte-Pugh score after hepatectomy were analyzed.

Results

Fifty-three patients underwent single hepatectomy and 37 patients underwent repeat hepatectomy. There was no significant difference in the overall survival rates between the 2 groups. At 27 months after the initial hepatectomy, mean Child-Turcotte-Pugh scores of patients with repeat hepatectomy started to become statistically higher than those of patients with single hepatectomy. Overall survival of patients who survived after 27 months from the initial hepatectomy showed a statistical difference between the 2 groups. The total number of liver metastases ≥ 4 and Child-Turcotte-Pugh score ≥ 6 at 27 months after the initial hepatectomy were significant risk factors for overall survival of patient who survived after 27 months from the initial hepatectomy.

Conclusions

Liver function after repeat hepatectomy can be deteriorated after a long-term period. Careful approach and continuous assessment of the liver function after hepatectomy are necessary to maintain long-term survival after repeat hepatectomy.
Impact of Procedure Time of Preceding Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection on the Difficulty of Laparoscopic Rectal Surgery
Authors: Nozawa Hiroaki , Kawai Kazushige , Sasaki Kazuhito , Emoto Shigenobu , Murono Koji , Sonoda Hirofumi , Ishii Hiroaki , Ishihara Soichiro
Published: October 2021

Objetive: 

In this study, we addressed which factors, including endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)–related parameters, affect the difficulty of laparoscopic rectal surgery.

Summary of background data: 

Endoscopic treatment for gastrointestinal cancer can cause inflammation, edema, and fibrosis formation in the surrounding tissue. Recently, we reported that preceding endoscopic treatment increased the volume of intraoperative blood loss and slightly prolonged the operative time of laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer.

Methods: 

We retrospectively reviewed 24 consecutive patients who underwent ESD followed by laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer in our hospital. Short-term surgical outcomes were evaluated by intraoperative blood loss and operative time for laparoscopic surgery. The correlations between the surgical outcomes and preoperative parameter were analyzed by multiple linear regression analyses.

Results: 

The patient cohort comprised 12 men and 12 women. The median distance between primary cancer and anal verge was 7 cm. The median procedure time of ESD was 120 minutes (21 available cases). Based on multiple linear regression analyses, the ESD procedure time (P = 0.007) and tumor location from the anal verge (P = 0.046) were independently predictive of intraoperative blood loss. On the other hand, only tumor location was found to be an independent predictor of surgical time (P = 0.014).

Conclusions: 

A long session of ESD for rectal cancer may make subsequent laparoscopic surgery difficult based on intraoperative blood loss.
A Novel Modification of the Endorectal Advancement Flap for Complex Anal Fistulas: Surgical Technique and Outcomes
Authors: Al-Turaihi Hassan , Blears Elizabeth Ellen , Sugumar Kavin , Deshmukh Ganesh
Published: October 2021

Objective

A modification of the endorectal advancement flap (EAF) procedure is described with outcomes in a single-center, large retrospective cohort study.

Summary of background data

Fistula-in-ano is a common problem encountered by surgeons that can be classified as either simple or complex. Complex fistulas (CFs) cause higher morbidity and are much more challenging to treat. Although numerous treatment options are available for CF, none are proven to be 100% effective. The endorectal advancement flap (EAF) procedure was developed as an alternative to conventional surgical treatments for CF.

Methods

Charts were reviewed of patients with CF who underwent EAF between 2004 and 2019. The conventional EAF procedure was modified by performing transverse imbrication of the internal sphincter over the internal fistula opening. The incidence of new-onset fecal incontinence and recurrence were analyzed at the last available date of in-person follow-up.

Results

With a median follow-up of 6.6 months (range, 3.3–24 months), 99 patients with CFs underwent a modified EAF. Of these, 93% (92 of 99) had resolution of fistula without adverse outcomes, 7% (7 of 99) experienced recurrence, and 1% (1 of 99) experienced new-onset fecal incontinence. Systemic steroid or immunomodulatory therapy use (P = 0.001) and patients with diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease (P < 0.0001) were associated with increased rate of recurrence.

Conclusions

EAF with transverse imbrication of the internal opening using interrupted, absorbable suture is an effective technique to treat complex or recurrent anal fistulas. It is associated with a low risk of recurrence (7%) and fecal incontinence (1%) and is a valid treatment option for CFs.
THE NUANCES OF DEMAND IN THE ANALYTIC DISCOURSE: A LACANIAN PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Bacelar Oliveira Joyce
Published: October 2021

This paper examines the establishment of the analysand's demand in the analytic experience, taking into account his position of desiring subject in the wake of castration. It aims to look into the place of demand in the transference by considering aspects that are relevant to the clinical work, such as the maneuvers of the analyst in the development of one's analysis. On that basis, the author investigates the trajectory of Lacan's elaborations on the concept of transference and its applicability in the psychoanalytic clinic.KEYWORDS: Demand. Desiring Subject. Transference. Lacan. Psychoanalytic Clinic.
QUANDO EU PERDI VOCÊ, GANHEI A APOSTA: AMOR E DESEJO NA NOVELA A DÓCIL, DE DOSTOIÉVSKI
Authors: Linhares Pereira Caciana , De Souza Ricardi Camila
Published: October 2021

Este trabalho surgiu do desejo de, através da obra de Dostoiévski (1821-1881), fazer uso do laço fundado por Freud (1856-1939) entre a Psicanálise e a Literatura, seguindo o argumento que situa a Arte como produtora de testemunhos do inconsciente. Uma obra particular, A Dócil (1876), permitiu que apreendêssemos aspectos fundamentais do modo como desejo e amor podem se articular na neurose obsessiva. A contribuição que a Psicanálise aporta sobre o tema permitiu articular o texto literário à teoria e nesse percurso algo novo se produziu. O modo como a novela apresenta o desejo e o amor permite escutar um modo próprio que Freud já havia perscrutado na neurose obsessiva, mas, o que pareceu central foi perceber que o escritor segue uma ética que nos é familiar: aponta para a face negativa do desejo e ao impossível que atravessa a experiência amorosa.Palavras-chave: Dostoiévski. Amor. Desejo. Neurose Obsessiva.
CORPOS QUE CAEM: ADOLESCÊNCIA, PRISÃO E PSICANÁLISE
Authors: Cardoso Sussuarana Adriele , Tavares dos Santos Alba Caroline , Morais dos Santos Aleson Hernan
Published: October 2021

Objetiva-se através desse trabalho expor de forma breve o relato de experiência de uma intervenção grupal realizada durante dois meses em 2017 com adolescentes que cumprem medidas socioeducativas e se encontram em situação de privação de liberdade na cidade de Macapá-AP. Indica-se que tais adolescentes não se adequavam com facilidade as atividades propostas pela instituição. No espaço destinado à palavra, era o espaço-tempo do corpo que os protagoniza. A partir desse endereçamento específico, agitação corporal, elaborou-se uma intervenção através de exercícios de expressão corporal com o objetivo de possibilitar um dispositivo clínico de escuta. Enfatiza-se que não reduzir a psicanálise ao espaço clínico do consultório pressupõe elaborar ações que a utilizem como referencial ético e teórico no campo social. Além de histórias fragmentadas por vivências traumáticas, foi possível observar a manifestação do circuito da compulsão à repetição e da pulsão de morte na condição de encarceramento e aprisionamento social que atravessam os adolescentes.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Pulsão de morte. Prisão. Adolescência. Corpo.
Historical approach to evaluating productive cultural landscapes: A case study of Japanese vineyard landscapes
Authors: Kikuchi Yoshito
Published: October 2021

Cultural landscapes of vineyards and wineries are often evaluated based on their relationships to natural conditions or “terroir.” However, in vernacular evaluation, their meaning may need to be interpreted in the wider context of the region beyond the terroir. This study analyzes the historical development, including the land‐use transition of Katsunuma and other popular traditional viticulture and winemaking areas of Japan; An approach for evaluating such productive landscapes as cultural landscapes is discussed. We conclude that landscape formation based on viticulture and winemaking occurred during a very short period after World War II in the study areas. Thus, an approach to interpreting landscape different from that based on its relationship to the terroir is established. Production centers of commercial crops, such as fruit trees, do not necessarily develop because of compatibility with natural conditions. Thus, we consider the evaluation of productive landscapes as cultural landscapes to be an important perspective.
Implementation and validation of a beam‐current transformer on a medical pulsed electron beam LINAC for FLASH‐RT beam monitoring
Authors: Oesterle Roxane , Gonçalves Jorge Patrik , Grilj Veljko , Bourhis Jean , Vozenin Marie‐Catherine , Germond Jean‐François , Bochud François , Bailat Claude , Moeckli Raphaël
Published: October 2021

Purpose

To implement and validate a beam current transformer as a passive monitoring device on a pulsed electron beam medical linear accelerator (LINAC) for ultra‐high dose rate (UHDR) irradiations in the operational range of at least 3 Gy to improve dosimetric procedures currently in use for FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH‐RT) studies.

Methods

Two beam current transformers (BCTs) were placed at the exit of a medical LINAC capable of UHDR irradiations. The BCTs were validated as monitoring devices by verifying beam parameters consistency between nominal values and measured values, determining the relationship between the charge measured and the absorbed dose, and checking the short‐ and long‐term stability of the charge‐absorbed dose ratio.

Results

The beam parameters measured by the BCTs coincide with the nominal values. The charge‐dose relationship was found to be linear and independent of pulse width and frequency. Short‐ and long‐term stabilities were measured to be within acceptable limits.

Conclusions

The BCTs were implemented and validated on a pulsed electron beam medical LINAC, thus improving current dosimetric procedures and allowing for a more complete analysis of beam characteristics. BCTs were shown to be a valid method for beam monitoring for UHDR (and therefore FLASH) experiments.
Optimizing the NiOx/Au Interface via Postannealing of the All‐Inorganic CsPbIBr2 Perovskite Solar Cells for High Efficiency
Authors: Sheng Guizhang , Wang Jixi , Xiao Xiudi , Cai Xuesong , Wang Xiaoman , Bi Zhuoneng , Lu Yuan , Liu Yangbiao , Zhu Yanqing , Xu Xueqing , Xu Gang
Published: October 2021

All‐inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been demonstrated to solve the thermal instability problem of organic–inorganic hybrid PSCs. Therefore, NiO
x
film is prepared by electron beam evaporation as a hole transport layer of all inorganic CsPbIBr2 PSCs. Then, the postannealing is used to promote the diffusion of NiO
x
into the gold electrode, and enhance interface contact and reducing the electrical resistance of NiO
x
/Au. After optimizing NiO
x
/Au interface, the devices based on NiO
x
achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.7%. Furthermore, the best all‐inorganic CsPbIBr2 PSC free of encapsulation retains 95% of initial efficiency over 100 h at 85 °C. Herein, an effective postannealing strategy is provided for optimized NiO
x
/Au interface to make stable and efficient all‐inorganic CsPbIBr2 PSCs.
Aramid Nanofiber Membranes for Energy Harvesting from Proton Gradients
Authors: Chen Cheng , Yang Guoliang , Liu Dan , Wang Xungai , Kotov Nicholas A. , Lei Weiwei
Published: October 2021

Harvesting osmotic energy from industrial wastewater is an often‐overlooked source of electricity that can be used as a part of the comprehensive distributed energy systems. However, this concept requires, a new generation of inexpensive ion‐selective membranes that must withstand harsh chemical conditions with both high/low pH, have high temperature resilience, display exceptional mechanical properties, and support high ionic conductance. Here, aramid nanofibers (ANFs) based membranes with high chemical/thermal stability, mechanical strength, toughness, and surface charge density make them capable of high‐performance osmotic energy harvesting from pH gradients generated upon wastewater dilution. ANF membranes produce an averaged output power density of 17.3 W m−2for more than 240 h at pH 0. Taking advantage of the high temperature resilience of aramid, the output power density is increased further to 77 W m−2at 70 °C, typical for industrial wastewater. Such output power performance is 10× better compared to the current state‐of‐the‐art membranes being augmented by Kevlar‐like environmental robustness of ANF membranes. The improved efficiency of energy harvesting is ascribed to the high proton selectivity of ANFs. Retaining high output power density for large membrane area and fluoride‐free synthesis of ANFs from recyclable material opens the door for scalable wastewater energy harvesting.
A Regularity‐Based Fullerene Interfacial Layer for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells via Blade‐Coating
Authors: Li Jiaxuan , Meng Xiangchuan , Huang Zengqi , Dai Runying , Sheng Wangping , Gong Chenxiang , Tan Licheng , Chen Yiwang
Published: October 2021

The electron transport layer (ETL) plays a crucial part in extracting electron carriers while optimizing the interfacial contact of perovskite/electrode in planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). Despite various ETLs being designed for efficient PVSCs, there exists hardly any research on the effect of molecular stacking order on device performance. Herein, poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) (EVA) is employed as the [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) solution additive. The strong binding energy between EVA with PC61BM promotes the molecular stacking order of ETLs, which alleviates the morphology inhomogeneity, possesses a matched energy level, blocks ion migration, and improves the water–oxygen barrier of perovskite devices. The blade‐coated MAPbI3‐based PVSCs achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.32% with positive reproducibility and negligible hysteresis, as well as maintain 90% and 80% of the initial PCE after storage under inert and ambient conditions (52% humidity) for 1500 h without encapsulation. This strategy also improves the champion PCE of CsFAMA‐based PVSCs to 20.33%. These findings demonstrate that the regulation of molecular stacking order is a valid approach to optimize interfacial charge‐carrier recombination in PVSCs, which meet the demand for high‐performance ETL in large‐area PVSCs and improve the upscaling of the fabrication technology toward practical applications.
Cellulose‐Based Hybrid Aerogels: Strategies toward Design and Functionality
Authors: Rahmanian Vahid , Pirzada Tahira , Wang Siyao , Khan Saad A.
Published: October 2021

The brittle nature of early aerogels developed from inorganic precursors fueled the discovery of their organic counterparts. Prominent among these organics are cellulose aerogels because of their natural abundance, biocompatibility, sustainable precursors, and tunable properties. The hierarchical structure of cellulose, from polymers to nano/microfibers, further facilitates fabrication of materials across multiple length scales with added applicability. However, the inherent flammability, structural fragility, and low thermal stability have limited their use. Recently developed cellulose‐based hybrid aerogels offer strong potential owing to their tunability and enhanced functionality brought about by combining the inherent properties of cellulose with organic and inorganic components. A survey of the historical background and scientific achievements in the design and development of cellulose‐based hybrid aerogel materials is encompassed here. The impacts of incorporating organic and inorganic ingredients with cellulose and the corresponding synergistic effects are discussed in terms of their design and functionality. The underlying principles governing the structural integration and functionality enhancement are also analyzed. The latest developments of cellulose‐based hybrid aerogels fabricated from nontraditional incipient aerogels, such as fibrous webs, are also explored. Finally, future opportunities that could make these materials achieve even greater impacts through improved scalability, rationally designed synthesis, and multifunctional properties are discussed.
Physiologically Self‐Regulated, Fully Implantable, Battery‐Free System for Peripheral Nerve Restoration
Authors: Jin Fei , Li Tong , Yuan Tao , Du Lijuan , Lai Chengteng , Wu Qi , Zhao Ying , Sun Fengyu , Gu Long , Wang Ting , Feng Zhang‐Qi
Published: October 2021

The long‐segment peripheral nerve injury (PNI) represents a global medical challenge, leading to incomplete nerve tissue recovery and unsatisfactory functional reconstruction. However, the current electrical stimulation (ES) apparatuses fail perfect nerve repair due to their inability of the variable synchronous self‐regulated function with physiological states. It is urgent to develop an implantable ES platform with physiologically adaptive function to provide instantaneous and nerve‐preferred ES. Here, a physiologically self‐regulated electrical signal is generated by integrating a novel tribo/piezoelectric hybrid nanogenerator with a nanoporous nerve guide conduit to construct a fully implantable neural electrical stimulation (FI‐NES) system. The optimal neural ES parameters completely originate from the body itself and are highly self‐responsive to different physiological states. The morphological evaluation, representative protein expression level, and functional reconstruction of the regenerated nerves are conducted to assess the PNI recovery process. Evidence shows that the recovery effect of 15 mm length nerve defects under the guidance of the FI‐NES system is significantly close to the autograft. The designed FI‐NES system provides an effective method for long‐term accelerating the recovery of PNI in vivo and is also appropriate for other tissue injury or neurodegenerative diseases.
Estimation of State of Charge and State of Health of Lithium‐Ion Batteries Based on a New Adaptive Nonlinear Observer
Authors: Sakile Rajakumar , Sinha Umesh Kumar
Published: October 2021

Estimation of accurate state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) of lithium‐ion batteries has become more difficult in electric vehicles due to various uncertainties in the battery. The main objective of this paper is to estimate the accurate and robust SOC and SOH of the lithium‐ion battery. Here, a first‐order resistor‐capacitor (RC) electrical equivalent circuit model is considered for the analysis and modeling, an adaptive nonlinear observer (ANO) is proposed to convert nonlinear equations into linearized equations. The transfer function is obtained from the linearized equations to estimate the actual parameters and the internal states of the battery. When comparing the proposed ANO to the conventional method extended Kalman filter, the new ANO gives better dynamic results, less SOC error, and high convergence capability. An extra random variable noise is added to the system; the proposed model is suitable for the SOC at current noise factors. The convergence capability of the observer is analyzed with the linear criterion. The simulation results of the proposed ANO are validated through the MATLAB/Simulink platform under the hybrid pulse power characteristics test.
A New Route to NAG‐NAM Disaccharide, an Important Building Block for Peptidoglycan Oligomer Synthesis
Authors: Rousseau Antoine , Richard Emeline , Jeacomine Isabelle , Armand Sylvie , Fort Sébastien , Cottaz Sylvain
Published: October 2021

Peptidoglycan oligomers constitute precious tools for the biochemical and structural studies of enzymes involved in the bacterial cell wall metabolism. In this study we show that an unprecedented selective Zemplén de‐O‐acetylation of benzyl chitinbioside peracetate leads to a fast and efficient route to N‐acetylmuramyl β(1→4) N‐acetylglucosaminide disaccharide, a central building block for the synthesis of peptidoglycan oligomers. Starting from known benzyl chitinbioside, NAG‐NAM disaccharide pentapeptide is prepared in seven steps with an overall yield of 12%.
Event‐triggered control for bipartite consensus and formation of multiple wheeled mobile robots with non‐holonomic constraint
Authors: Li Junjian , Chen Xia
Published: October 2021

This paper studies the event‐triggered control scheme to tackle the position centroid bipartite consensus/formation problems of multiple wheeled mobile robots with non‐holonomic constraint. Based on a reversible input conversion, the dynamics of the reference positions of robots are described as two teams of first‐order integrators. The event‐triggered control input and the event‐triggering condition are constructed, ensuring that the position of each robot converges to the initial bipartite centroid location while their orientations and velocities reach some constants and zero, respectively. Moreover, we exclude the possibility of Zeno behavior. Subsequently, the proposed event‐triggered control mechanism is expanded to drive all robots to meet at the expected geometric pattern centred at the initial bipartite centroid. At last, simulations are given to validate the effectiveness of the provided theoretical strategy.
Trittschalldämmung – Norm‐Trittschallpegel L'n und Standard‐Trittschallpegel L'nT im Vergleich
Authors: Neubauer Reinhard O.
Published: October 2021

In DIN 4109 wird die Trittschalldämmung, ausgedrückt mit der kennzeichnenden Größe bewerteter Norm‐Trittschallpegel L'n,w, zur Beschreibung des Trittschallschutzes verwendet. Eine für die Zwecke der Beschreibung des Trittschallschutzes brauchbarere Kenngröße stellt der bewertete Standard‐Trittschallpegel L'nT,w dar. Durch analytischen Vergleich beider Kenngrößen wird gezeigt, welche Randbedingungen zur Anwendung der Gleichungen eingehalten werden müssen. Die Unterschiede aus dem Vergleich von Messergebnissen werden anhand eines Messdatensatzes von 69 durchgeführten Trittschallmessungen an Trenndecken unterschiedlichster Bauart dargestellt. Die Auswertung der Messergebnisse hat gezeigt, dass sich erhebliche Unterschiede für die gleiche Konstruktion und für den gleichen Empfangsraum ergeben können. Auch hat sich herausgestellt, dass eine vereinfachte Umrechnung beider Kenngrößen aus den Einzahlwerten Fehler von ±2 dB zur Folge haben können. Soll eine Beschränkung des „Fehlers” erfolgen, muss der betrachtete Raum begrenzt werden. Für eine tolerierte Abweichung von ±2 dB beschränkt sich die betrachtete Grundfläche in Abhängigkeit der Raumhöhe von 2,20 m – 4,0 m auf unter 22,5 m2. Werden größere Räume betrachtet, können erheblich größere Abweichungen auftreten.
Deckeninstandsetzung bei Erhalt der Vorspannung unter laufendem Betrieb – Abschnittsweise Instandsetzung der documenta Tiefgarage
Authors: von Daake Henning , Glorius Michael , Bücking Carsten , Wortberg Jens
Published: October 2021

Zu Beginn der 1990er Jahre wurde mit dem Bau der documenta‐Halle in Kassel zeitgleich zentrumsnaher Parkraum durch den Bau eines zweigeschossigen Parkbaus unterhalb des Friedrichsplatzes geschaffen. Die Geschoss‐ und Zwischendecken wurden einaxial vorgespannt im Zustand I bemessen. Eine Bauwerksprüfung und Begutachtung in den Jahren 2014/15 zeigte deutliche Korrosionsschäden sowie ein ausgeprägtes Rissbild. Vergussbetone nach der Vergussbetonrichtlinie des DAfStb [1] sind seit vielen Jahren etablierte Spezialbaustoffe, die seit 2014 durch die 3. Berichtigung der Instandsetzungsrichtlinie des DAfStb [2] für Betoninstandsetzungsarbeiten eingesetzt werden können. Besondere Vorteile bieten Vergussbetone in der Instandsetzung im Vergleich zur Verwendung von Betonen nach DIN EN 206‐1/DIN 1045‐2 [3, 4] z. B. bei geringen Platzverhältnissen, Arbeitsausführung bei laufendem Betrieb, aufgrund des deutlich geringeren Reinigungsaufwands und der schnellen Festigkeitsentwicklung. Der folgende Beitrag stellt die Ergebnisse der Bauwerksbegutachtung, das daraus entwickelte Instandsetzungskonzept und die Ausführung der Arbeiten vor. Voraussetzung der Instandsetzung war es, die Arbeiten unter Erhalt der Vorspannung sowie bei weiterlaufendem Betrieb des Parkhauses durchzuführen. Aufgrund o. g. Vorteile kam in diesem Fall Vergussbeton nach der Vergussbetonrichtlinie zum Einsatz, deren wichtigste Eigenschaften und Besonderheiten bei der Instandsetzung ebenfalls beleuchtet werden.