bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Czynnik Wzrostu śródbłonka Naczyniowego—Struktura, Funkcje oraz rola w Zapaleniu Oskrzeli i Przebiegu Klinicznym Astmy
Authors: Gomułka Krzysztof , Liebhart Jerzy
Published: June 2022

Czynnik wzrostu śródbłonka naczyniowego (VEGF) jest produkowany przez wiele typów komórek i odgrywa ważną rolę w procesie angiogenezy. Formowanie się nowych naczyń krwionośnych jest charakterystyczne dla procesu zapalnego w obrębie dróg oddechowych, zwłaszcza w przebiegu przewlekłych chorób płuc, takich jak astma oskrzelowa. Podwyższone stężenie VEGF w osoczu zaobserwowano zarówno u pacjentów ze stabilną astmą oskrzelową, jak i w okresie zaostrzenia choroby. Ekspresja VEGF i receptorów dla tego czynnika jest powiązana z neowaskularyzacją i wydaje się być ważnym wskaźnikiem procesu przebudowy płuc. Z kolei zależność między procesem zapalnym a angiogenezą w obrębie drzewa oskrzelowego sugeruje, że zahamowanie angiogenezy powinno wywierać efekt przeciwzapalny w oskrzelach. W poniższym artykule zaprezentowano rolę czynnika wzrostu śródbłonka naczyniowego w zapaleniu oskrzeli i przebiegu klinicznym astmy.
Komentarz do artykułu T. Grodzkiego i wsp. “Program wczesnegowykrywania nowotworów płuc za pomocą tomografiikomputerowej—Wstępne doświadczenia Szczecina”
Authors: Roszkowski Kazimierz
Published: June 2022

Historia badań przesiewowych mających nacelu wczesne rozpoznanie raka płuca sięga późnych lat 50 [...]
Prevalence of Hypersensitivity to Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) in the Population of Adult Asthmatics in Poland Based on an Epidemiological Questionnaire
Authors: Kasper Łukasz , Sładek Krzysztof , Bochenek Grażyna , Duplaga Mariusz , Szczeklik Andrzej
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Hypersensitivity reactions to drugs account for 25% of all side effects related to drugs, affecting more than 7% of the population. One in four such reactions is caused by acetylic acid and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Material and Methods: Between 1998 and 2000 epidemiological research was carried out in various centers, with the aim of estimating the frequency of allergy-based diseases in Poland. The objective of the study was to evaluate the frequency of hypersensitivity to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), based on an epidemiological questionnaire, in the Polish adult population. Results: Bronchial asthma was diagnosed in 582 patients (5.4%). Of that group, 75 patients (12.9%) additionally reported symptoms of hypersensitivity to NSAIDs. Aspirin-induced asthma was diagnosed in 11 patients (14.7%) with clinical manifestations of hypersensitivity responses. Frequency of aspirin-induced asthma with clinical symptoms amounted to 1.9% of asthmatics. In the assessment of severity of the disease, aspirin intolerance was the only statistically significant factor (p = 0.0003; odds ratio 28.6 with assumed 95% confidence interval). Conclusions: In the population of adults in Poland, the frequency of aspirin-induced asthma amounted to 0.1%. Hypersensitivity to NSAIDs was observed in 12.9% of asthmatics. In asthmatics with symptoms of hypersensitivity to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which takes the course of clinically demonstrable aspirin-induced asthma, the risk of severe asthma is 30-fold higher.
Comparison of TH1 and TH2 Response in the Blood of Tuberculous Patients and Healthy Contacts
Authors: Winek Jolanta , Demkow Urszula , Rowińska-Zakrzewska Ewa , Szołkowska Małgorzata , Filewska Małgorzata , Jagodziński Jacek , Roszkowski-Śliż Kazimierz
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Th1 response is known to play a dominant role in the resistance to tuberculosis. Nevertheless, IFN gamma levels are frequently increased in tuberculous patients, especially at the site of the disease. It is also possible that the shift toward Th2 response is responsible for the loss of resistance. The aim of this study was to compare the Th1 function of peripheral blood cells and the levels of antimycobacterial antibodies in the serum of culture positive tuberculosis patients and healthy tuberculosis (Tb) contacts. The correlation between the levels of antimycobacterial antibodies and Th1 function of blood cells was also evaluated. Material and Methods: The material consisted of 51 tuberculous patients and 20 healthy persons, close contacts of tuberculosis patients. The ability of peripheral blood cells to secrete IFN gamma and IL-2 was estimated in whole blood cultures with PHA, PWM and tuberculin. The levels of IFN gamma and IL-2 in the supernatants of cultures was estimated via a commercial ELISA test. The levels of antimycobacterial antibodies was measured with commercial immunoenzymatic kits detecting IgG antibodies against 38 kDa+16 kDa and IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies to 38 kDa + lipoarabinomannan (LAM). Results: No difference was found in the secretion of IFN gamma and IL-2 after stimulation with PHA and PWM between the patients and contacts. The secretion of IFN gamma after stimulation with tuberculin was even greater in tuberculous patients than in contacts. The levels of IgG and IgA (38 kDa+LAM) were higher in tuberculous patients than in contacts. There was a negative correlation between the level of IgG anti 38 kDa+LAM and the ability of peripheral blood cells to secrete IFN gamma after non-specific stimulation in patients with tuberculosis. Conclusions: Our study confirms the hypothesis that it is not the diminished production of Th1 cytokines, but rather the parallel overproduction of Th2 cytokines, which are essential in the development of tuberculosis.
Resolvement of Respiratory Failure and Polycythemia after CPAP Treatment in a Middle-Aged Male with Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Pływaczewski Robert , Korzybski Damian , Kazanecka Barbara , Jonczak Luiza , Górecka Dorota , Śliwiński Paweł
Published: June 2022

We present the case of a 52 year-old obese (BMI = 46.2 kg/m²) man with severe obstructive sleep apnea (RDI of 60). Before CPAP treatment was applied, the patient was diagnosed with complete respiratory failure and polycythemia. During effective autoCPAP treatment (after 10 days AHI was 5.5 at 10 mbar pressure) we observed normalization of arterial blood gases (PaCO₂ of borderline value). After one month’s treatment with autoCPAP at home, we found normalization of blood morphology parameters and PaCO₂ had returned to normal, and the patient was properly oxygenated. The patient lost 22 kg during therapy (9 kg in hospital, and 13 kg at home) which resulted in the spirometric measurements returning to their normal value.
Accuracy of Spirometry Performed by General Practitioners and Pneumonologists in the Pomeranian Region in the ‘COPD Prevention’ NHF Programme
Authors: Kuziemski Krzysztof , Słomiński Wojciech , Specjalski Krzysztof , Jassem Ewa , Kalicka Renata , Słomiński Jan
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Spirometry is the key test in diagnosing and severity assessment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Despite the simplicity of the test, the discrepancy between results obtained by general practitioners and specialists is noted, what may lead to under- or overestimating of COPD prevalence. The aim of the study was to evaluate the quality of spirometry testing and interpretation performed by general practitioners and pulmonologists. Material and methods: Physicians from 56 healthcare units in the region of Pomerania were included. The participants (both GPs and pulmonologists) were trained in methodology and interpretation of spirometry tests. Then they were asked to choose 10 spirograms and send them for evaluation. Presence of patients’ personal details and signature of staff member, contents of graphs and tables, accuracy of the test and correctness of interpretation were evaluated. In statistical analysis c-square test was used. Results: The response from 14 healthcare units was received including 142 spirograms from GPs and 80 from pulmonologists. All spirograms contained personal details, gender, age, body weight and height as well as results of spirometry in form of tables and diagrams with predicted and measured values. Pulmonologists signed the spirograms more often than GPs (91% v. 77%, p < 0.001) and more often presented results of properly performed tests (75% v. 45%, p < 0.0001). However, in their group there were more interpretation errors (73% v. 91%, p < 0.05). Methodological mistakes revealed during the study were usually: too short and not enough dynamic inspiration and expiration. In some cases spirograms with expiration lasting 1.3 s were considered normal. The most common interpretation mistakes included: diagnosis of mixed-type ventilatory defects, wrong classification of obstruction level and lack of interpretation. In two cases result was found to be normal despite the lack of forced expiratory volume in one second value. Conclusions: The results indicate the necessity of continuous training in spirometry testing and interpretation by both general practitioners and specialists and nurses.
Familial Predisposition to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Pneumonologia i Alergologia Polska Editorial Office
Published: June 2022

The role of cigarette smoking in development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is well known, however only in about 20% of smokers clinical disease was diagnosed. It points to additional factors which influence the sensitivity to tobacco products. Familial clustering of COPD has been observed and genetic deficiency of alfa 1 antitrypsine with ZZ phenotype was proved to be a factor responsible for the early onset of this disease. However only 3% of COPD patients have this deficiency. The role of MZ phenotype of alfa 1 antitrypsine in the development of COPD and in the rate of decline of lung function were discussed. Association studies concerning the polymorphisms of “candidate genes” connected with pathophysiology of COPD were presented. Although some of those studies have shown the role of polymorphism of those genes in COPD, the results are not always reproducible. This may be due to small available population samples with poorly defined COPD phenotype. It is concluded that COPD is a complex disease influenced by multiple genes and environmental factors.
Komentarz do artykułu W. Owczarka i wsp. "Gruźlica węzłów chłonnych szyi z ogniskiem gruźlicy rozpływnej—Opis przypadku"
Authors: Rowińska-Zakrzewska Ewa
Published: June 2022

Praca Owczarka, Targowskiego, Łebkowskiej i Paluchowskiej pt. “Gruźlica węzłów chłonnych szyi z ogniskiem gruźlicy rozpływnej—opis przypadku” jest bardzo cenna [...]
Relationship between Age and Cardiovascular Complications in Obstructive Sleep Apnoea
Authors: Pływaczewski Robert , Czystowska Monika , Skoczylas Agnieszka , Bieleń Przemysław , Jonczak Luiza , Górecka Dorota , Śliwiński Paweł
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to assess relations between cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and age in OSA subjects. Material and Methods: 10, Epworth score > 9 points) were evaluated. The chest X-ray, spirometry, arterial blood gases, ECG, blood morphology and biochemistry were performed during trial treatment with autoCPAP. Results: We studied 533 consecutive OSA patients, mean age 55.6 ± 10.3 years (range 24–81), with obesity (BMI 34.4 ± 6.6 kg/m²) and severe OSA (AHI/RDI 37.8 ± 21.8). To evaluate relations between CVD and age, patients were divided into three groups. Group 1 < 50 years (123 subjects, 23.1%), Group 2 aged 50–60 years (250 subjects, 46.9%) and Group 3 > 60 years (160 subjects, 30%). Subjects < 50 years were more obese and had higher AHI/RDI when compared to older groups. Incidence of arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure and stroke increased with age (higher in subjects > 60 years). Conclusions: Cardiovascular diseases were prevalent in OSA patients > 60 years. However the youngest group presented with more severe obesity and higher AHI/RDI.
Langerhans Cell Sarcoma with Pulmonary Manifestation, Mediastinum Involvement and Bronchoesophageal Fistula. A Rare Location and Difficulties in Histopathological Diagnosis
Authors: Langfort Renata , Radzikowska Elżbieta , Czarnowska Elżbieta , Wiatr Elżbieta , Grajkowska Wiesława , Błasińska-Przerwa Katarzyna , Giedronowicz Dorota , Witkiewicz Iwona
Published: June 2022

Langerhans cell sarcoma, a neoplastic proliferation of Langerhans cells with malignant cytologic features, is a very rare disease. Only a few cases have been documented in the English-language literature. Special methods, like immunohistochemistry and/or ultrastructural examination, are indispensable for appropriate diagnosis. Correct diagnosis is difficult. In fact, the disease is often misdiagnosed. We present the case of a 47 year-old man with a large mass in the middle lobe of the lung, infiltrating anterior mediastinum, with multiple pulmonary round lesions and enlargement of local lymph nodes, and with bronchoesophageal fistula. Clinical examination indicated the possibility of advanced primary lung cancer. However, the first histological diagnosis was Langerhans cell histiocytosis. In spite of treatment, the progression of pulmonary lesions was observed. Therefore, upper- and middle-lobectomy was performed. The diagnosis of Langerhans histiocytosis was confirmed microscopically again. Nevertheless, the patient’s condition deteriorated progressively and he was admitted to the National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute in order to establish a final diagnosis. Revision of earlier resected specimens, as well as an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural examination of samples, taken once again from a bronchial tumor, led to the establishment of a diagnosis of a unique form of Langerhans cell sarcoma with rare pulmonary manifestation.
Methods of Estimating Concentration of the D-Dimers Used in Venous Thromboembolism Diagnosis
Authors: Walczak Bartłomiej , Demkow Urszula , Fijałkowska Anna
Published: June 2022

D-dimers (DD) are final products of stabilized fibrin degradation process. Elevated level of DD indicates parallel activation of both coagulation and fibrinolysis. D-dimers play important role in the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. All diagnostic methods detecting DD are based on monoclonal antibodies. There are three basic techniques used to measure DD: latex agglutination, full blood agglutination and immunoenzymatic methods. Nowadays new methods based on in vivo detection of DD using antibodies labeled with technetium are under clinical evaluation.
Book Review “Rudka—100 Years for Patients”
Authors: Zielonka Tadeusz M.
Published: June 2022

“Rudka sto lat w służbie chorych” to książka naprawdę wyjątkowa, podobnie jak miejsce, którego dzieje opisuje [...]
Perspectives in Gene Therapy
Authors: Jakóbisiak Marek
Published: June 2022

Terapię genową można zdefiniować jako terapię opartą na wprowadzaniu genów do komórek pacjenta w celu uzyskania efektu terapeutycznego [...]
Application of Western Blotting for the Eetection of Uncoupling Protein-2 (UCP-2) in Mitochondria from Smokers and Non-Smokers
Authors: Stańczak-Mrozek Kinga , Grieb Paweł , Kolanowska Monika
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are a family of transmembrane anion transporters present in the inner mitochondrial membrane. UCP-2, which exhibits the widest distribution in various tissues, plays an important role in many physiological processes. Human UCP-2 studies have been hampered by the lack of a method for measuring this protein in an easily accessible human tissue, e.g., blood. The aim of this study was to develop such a method and test its utility by comparing UCP-2 levels in smokers and non-smokers. Material and Methods: Venous blood samples from 10 smoking and seven non-smoking volunteers were used for the study; lymphocytes were isolated employing Lymphoprep. UCP-2 levels were measured by Western blotting combined with chemoluminescence detection. Results: Total lymphocyte homogenates were found useless for measuring UCP-2 levels, but it was possible to measure UCP-2 in homogenates of purified lymphocyte mitochondria. There was a significant, though moderate, linear correlation between UCP-2 level and daily cigarette use. UCP-2 level in peripheral blood lymphocytes from smokers was higher than that in non-smokers. Conclusion: The method for measuring UCP-2 in peripheral blood lymphocytes opens the possibility of UCP-2 screening studies in humans and thus may be useful for studying the role of the protein in human physiology and pathology.
Expression of p53, bcl-2 and nm23 Proteins in Squamous Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Porębska Irena , Kosacka Monika , Wyrodek Ewa , Jankowska Renata
Published: June 2022

Introduction: The evaluation of lung cancer molecular profiles is an essential element of the therapeutic process in that type of neoplasm. The analysis of apoptotic and metastasis-linked proteins is an important goal because of the key role of those processes in carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of apoptosis regulatory proteins p53 and bcl-2 as well as antimetastatic marker nm23 in squamous cell lung cancer, taking into account the clinical and pathological data. Material and Methods: Thirty tissue specimens from patients undergoing therapeutic or diagnostic thoracic surgery were included in the study. All markers were assessed with immunohistochemistry method on paraffin-embedded tissue. Results: Nm23 expression was observed less frequently in specimens with cancer cell emboli in blood vessels or lymph node metastasis. In cancers with lymph node metastasis, the coexpression of p53 and bcl-2 was found statistically more often than in lymph node negative cases. There was no correlation between p53, bcl-2 and nm23 expression and 2-years survival time. Conclusions: Our study indicates a marked heterogeneity of p53, bcl-2 and nm23 expression in squamous cell lung cancer and the potentially unfavorable influence of p53 and bcl-2 coexpression. Less frequent nm23 expression seems to be connected with morphological signs of metastatic process.
Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Kosacka Monika , Brzecka Anna , Jankowska Renata , Lewczuk Jerzy , Mroczek Ewa , Weryńska Bożena
Published: June 2022

We describe the case of a 61-year-old male patient, in which the search for the cause of chronic respiratory failure, severe pulmonary hypertension and secondary erythrocytosis resulted in a diagnosis of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE). This is a unique, recently characterised syndrome with upper-lobe emphysema and pulmonary fibrosis of the lower lungs. The cause is unknown, but one of the main risk factor remains smoking. The patient was a heavy smoker (over 40 pack-years). He complained of dyspnoea on exertion and cough. Physical examination revealed basal crackles and cyanosis. The patient had severe reduction in diffusing capacity, out of proportion to his lung volumes (DLCO 27% of predicted value, FEV1 2.95 l (100%), FVC 4.41 l (118%), FEV1/FVC (66%). The blood gas showed hypoxemia (pO2 37 mm Hg), hypocapnia and respiratory alkalosis. Diagnosis was based on chest computer tomography, which revealed upper lobe emphysema and lower lobe ground glass changes and honeycombing. Severe pulmonary hypertension (SPAP 80 mm Hg) was confirmed by echocardiography and right cardiac catherisation. The patient received long-term oxygen therapy, inhaled corticosteroid and Ca-blocker.
Flow Cytometric Basophils Activation Test as a Method of Allergy Diagnosis
Authors: Potapińska Olga , Demkow Urszula , Wąsik Maria
Published: June 2022

For several years the incidences of allergic diseases and anaphylactic reactions have been increasing dramatically. Classical method of allergy diagnosis—skin prick test in some situations can provoke life-threatening reactions. Detection of allergen-induced basophil activation by flow cytometry has been shown to be a useful tool for allergy diagnosis in those patients. CD 63 and CD203c have recently been demonstrated as a specific activation markers of basophils that are rapidly up-regulated after allergen challenge in sensitized patients. Although flow-cytometry methods are quite sophisticated and expensive, it could be a good alternative in patients at risk of severe anaphylactic reactions or with contradictory test results.
Systemic Features in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Batura-Gabryel Halina
Published: June 2022

Przewlekła obturacyjna choroba płuc (POChP)jest chorobą o dużym znaczeniu epidemiologicznym, zdrowotnym i społecznym [...]
Role of Inhaled Corticosteroids in the Management of COPD
Authors: Pneumonologia i Alergologia Polska Editorial Office
Published: June 2022

Role of inhaled corticosteroids in the management of COPD [...]
Common Variable Immunodeficiency in a Patient with Suspected Sarcoidosis
Authors: Modrzewska Katarzyna , Wiatr Elżbieta , Langfort Renata , Oniszh Karina , Roszkowski-Śliż Kazimierz
Published: June 2022

Common variable immunodeficiency is a primary immunodeficiency disease, characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia, low serum immunoglobulin concentrations, and recurrent bacterial infections of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. We report on a 33-year-old patient with suspected sarcoidosis, diagnosed on the basis of an open lung biopsy, who was admitted to the National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute because of severe pneumonia and streptococcal sepsis. During diagnostics based on typical, clinical and laboratory features, CVID was diagnosed. The antibiotic treatment was successfully administered and the patient was directed to supplementary treatment.
Omalizumab, Recombinant Humanized Monoclonal Antibody Anti-IgE—New Fields of Studies on the Therapeutic Indications
Authors: Kupryś-Lipińska Izabela , Kuna Piotr
Published: June 2022

Omalizumab is the monoclonal antibody against IgE, which blocks the binding of IgE to receptors on effector cells and this way blocks or decreases allergic reaction and asthma symptoms. Nowadays omalizumab is registered in the USA and European Union including Poland for treatment of patients with severe persistent, uncontrolled asthma. It is very effective in the reduction of asthma exacerbations, hospitalizations and emergency visits, it decreases intensity of symptoms and improves the quality of life. But omalizumab has more extensive action; given subcutaneously it has systemic effect. The article is the review of the studies and case reports on usage of omalizumab in new indications. Some authors’ own experiences in this field are also presented.
Angiogenesis in Interstitial Lung Diseases
Authors: Zielonka Tadeusz M.
Published: June 2022

Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) constitute a large group of disorders characterized by various etiology and pathogenesis. Inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis are the most important processes in the course of ILD. Disease causes the decrease of the gas diffusion in the lungs and provokes hypoxia. Chronic inflammation and hypoxia are strong stimulus of neovascularization. Neoangiogenesis is a principal response of vessels to inflammation. The critical importance of tumor angiogenesis in the development and metastatic spread of tumors is proved. Relations of ILD with neoplasma have been observed. Neovascularization takes an important role in wound healing allowing the cells to flow into damaged structures. Recently, pulmonary fibrosis has been deemed to result from abnormal wound healing in the lung in response to injury to the alveolar epithelium. Angiogenesis participates in pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. More and more data suggest the role of angiogenesis in pathogenesis of other ILDs, such as granulomatosis, fibrosis and vasculitis. The mechanism of angiogenesis in ILD is not clear yet. New data concerning participation of neoangiogenesis in pathogenesis of ILD created target for new drugs. Thalidomide, a strong antiangiogenic drug was used successfully in the some cases of ILD.
Abnormalities in High-Resolution Computed Tomography of the Lungs in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension—Correlation with Haemodynamic Parameters and Prognostic Significance
Authors: Kacprzak Aneta , Szturmowicz Monika , Burakowska Barbara , Fijałkowska Anna , Kurzyna Marcin , Wieteska Maria , Florczyk Michał , Żyłkowska Joanna , Franczuk Monika , Wesołowski Stefan , Torbicki Adam
Published: June 2022

Introduction: The risk stratification in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) patients is currently based on haemodynamic and functional parameters as well as serum biomarker concentrations. Until now the importance of changes appearing in high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the lungs of patients with IPAH has not been investigated. Material and methods: Lung HRCT scans were analysed retrospectively in 48 IPAH patients (patients): 37 women, 11 men, mean age 41 ± 15 years. Results: Focal ground-glass opacifications (FGG) were found in 12 patients (25%), and centrilobular nodules (CN) were found in 8 patients (17%). In the remaining 58% of patients HRCT revealed no changes (N). Significantly lower stroke volume was found in the CN group (41.0 ± 8.5 ml) compared to 60.8 ± 15.1 ml in the FGG group and 58.1 ± 18.0 ml in the N group (p = 0.03). Right atrial pressure was significantly higher in the CN group (12.2 ± 4.86 mm Hg) than in the FGG group (6.9 ± 3.9 mm Hg) and the N group (7.6 ± 5.3 mm Hg), p = 0.047. The presence of nodules was combined with considerably increased risk of death, both in univariate analysis (HR 5.35, 95% CI: 1.16–24.7, p = 0.03) and in multivariate analysis (HR 6.98, 95% CI: 1.41–34.59, p = 0.02). Ground-glass opacifications correlated neither with haemodynamic nor functional indexes, and were of no prognostic significance. Conclusions: The presence of centrilobular nodules in lung HRCT scans of IPAH patients was combined with more severe haemodynamic compromise and was an independent negative prognostic indicator.
Report from an Annual Congress of the European Respiratory Society, Berlin, 4–8 October 2008
Authors: Bednarek Michał , Chazan Ryszarda , Chorostowska-Wynimko Joanna , Górecka Dorota , Korzeniewska Maria , Kuś Jan , Radzikowska Elżbieta , Zieliński Jan
Published: June 2022

Problematyka zaburzeń oddychania w czasie snu była reprezentowana na kongresie dość szeroko, obejmując: jedno sympozjum, trzy sesje doniesień ustnych, dwie sesje doniesień elektronicznych (e-communication), siedem sesji plakatowych, a ponadto dwie sesje „Gorący Temat” (Hot Topic) i praktyczny warsztat dotyczący stosowania nCPAP (nasal continuous positive airway pressure treatment). Najszerzej dyskutowano problematykę obturacyjnego bezdechu sennego (OBS) [...]
Role of C-C Chemokines in the Determination of Pleural Effusion Etiology
Authors: Trzaska-Sobczak Marzena , Pierzchała Władysław , Brożek Grzegorz , Farnik Małgorzata
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Pleural effusion secondary to various diseases is associated with the presence of different inflammatory cells. The C-C chemokines (MCP-1 and MIP-1α), produced by pleural mesothelial cells, plays an important role in the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the pleural space. The purpose of the study was to evaluate predictive value of MCP-1 and MIP-1α in the differential diagnosis of pleural effusion. Material and methods: Based on Light’s criteria in 29 cases exudates and in 10 transudates were recognized. We investigated 39 patients with pleural effusion (congestive heart failure — 10, parapneumonic — 11, tuberculous — 6, malignant — 12). The C-C chemokines MCP-1 and MIP-1α levels in pleural effusion and serum were measured by ELISA. Results: The MCP-1 was significantly higher (p = 0.009) in the patient with exudates than in patients with transudates (2436 pg/ml and 794 pg/ml respectively). ROC curve analysis revealed however that this parameter has limited value in the differentiation of exudates an transudates (MCP-1 cut off value 1060 pg/ml, sensitivity 48%, specificity 90%, PPV 93%, NPV 37%). The chemokine MIP-1α were significantly higher (p = 0.001) in tuberculous than in the malignant effusion (405 pg/ml and 30 pg/ml respectively). Based on the ROC curve analysis, as a cut off value in the differentiation of tuberculous and malignant pleural effusion a value 120 pg/ml was accepted. The sensitivity of this test was 66% and specificity 99%, PPV 80%, NPV 84%. Conclusions: The chemokine MCP-1 has a limited value in the differentiation between transudate and exudates; MIP-1α could be helpful in the differentiation between tuberculous and malignant pleural effusion.
Dysplazja oskrzelowo-płucna—Wczesne i odległe następstwa w zakresie układu oddechowego
Authors: Głowacka Edyta , Lis Grzegorz
Published: June 2022

Poprawa opieki perinatalnej w ostatnich latach spowodowała wzrost przeżywalności dzieci przedwcześnie urodzonych. Przerwanie prawidłowego, wewnątrzmacicznego rozwoju płuc wraz z następowym urazem, związanym z koniecznością stosowania wentylacji mechanicznej i tlenoterapii, powoduje rozwój zaburzeń określanych dysplazją oskrzelowo-płucną (BPD). W pierwszym okresie życia zasadniczym problemem tych chorych jest zależność od tlenu. Zwiększona zapadalność na infekcje o ciężkim przebiegu (zwłaszcza o etiologii RSV) jest przyczyną rehospitalizacji w ciągu 1. roku życia u około 50% wcześniaków z rozpoznaniem BPD. U takich dzieci dużym problemem staje się zwalczanie objawów obturacji dróg oddechowych, które w wielu wypadkach słabo ustępują po podaniu bronchodylatatorów. Prawdopodobnie u podłoża tego zjawiska leżą zaburzenia prawidłowego rozwoju układu oddechowego i następujący remodeling w obrębie dróg oddechowych. Nieprawidłowości w wynikach badań czynnościowych (obniżenie FEV₁, PEF, FVC) utrzymują się do późnego okresu dojrzewania, a przyspieszenie tempa spadku wskaźnika FEV1/FVC z wiekiem może sugerować, że osoby te stanowią grupę ryzyka rozwoju “nowej POChP”. Ocena radiogramów płuc w 11. roku życia w grupie byłych wcześniaków z rozpoznaną BPD wykazuje obecność przetrwałych zmian rozedmowych z obecnością jednego lub więcej pęcherzy u 86% dzieci. Nieprawidłowości w obrazie tomografii komputerowej wysokiej rozdzielczości stwierdza się u większości tych pacjentów (u 81.3% w grupie badanych w 10. roku życia i u 92.5% w wieku 18 lat). Dalsze prospektywne badania obejmujące wieloletnią obserwacją dzieci przedwcześnie urodzone są niezbędne dla określenia odległego rokowania i wyznaczenia standardów ich leczenia.
Komentarz do pracy K. Kruczak i E. Niżankowskiej-Mogilnickiej: “Nowe możliwości diagnostyki utajonego zakażenia prątkiem gruźlicy”
Authors: Demkow Urszula
Published: June 2022

Naturalny przebieg gruźlicy składa się z trzechetapów: ekspozycji, zakażenia i aktywnej choroby [...]
Metabolic Abnormalities in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients
Authors: Czerniawska Justyna , Bieleń Przemysław , Pływaczewski Robert , Czystowska Monika , Korzybski Damian , Śliwiński Paweł , Górecka Dorota
Published: June 2022

Introduction: OSA is a well-recognized risk factor of cardiovascular disorders and is related to metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of BMI and AHI/RDI on metabolic disturbances in patients suspected of OSA. Material and methods: Ninety-nine patients referred with suspected OSA underwent standard polysomnography or limited sleep study. AHI/RDI ≥ 10/h was considered relevant for OSA diagnosis. Subjects with AHI/RDI < 10 were considered as controls. We assessed apnea-hypopnea index or respiratory disturbances index (AHI/RDI), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), body mass index (BMI), C-reactive protein (CRP, mg/L), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c, %), fasting serum total cholesterol, HDL-, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), glucose (G), insulin (INS, IU/mL) and HOMA index. Results: Data are presented as mean ± SD or median (interquartile range) for parametric and nonparametric data respectively. Twenty-two patients were included as controls (age 51.8 ± 10 vs. 55 ± 11 in OSA; p = NS). AHI/RDI in the OSA group was 23 (16–31.3) and 7 (3.8–8.1) in controls (p < 0.001). BMI in OSA 32.2 ± 5.8 vs. 30.4 ± 4.6 in controls (p = NS). Patients with OSA had higher TG (160 ± 75.9 vs. 130.2 ± 51.9 mg/dL, p = 0.046), G (5.04 ± 0.6 vs. 4.47 ± 0.6, p = 0.0037), HOMA (2.31 ± 1.5 vs. 1.85 ± 1.7, p = 0.046). G correlated best with AHI/RDI (p < 0.001, r = 0.41). Significant differences were observed in OSA patients between obese (51 pts, BMI 35.2 ± 4.8) and non-obese (26 pts, BMI 26.61 ± 1.9) pts in: HDL-cholesterol (50.8 ± 13.2 vs. 60.9 ± 18.4 mg/dL; p = 0.02), TG (178.7 ± 69.9 vs. 124 ± 75.3 mg/dL, p < 0.001), G (5.15 ± 0.7 vs. 4.8 ± 0.5 mmol/L, p = 0.01), INS (11.7 ± 5.9 vs. 6.57 ± 4.7, p < 0.001), HOMA (2.7 ± 1.4 vs. 1.4 ± 1.2, p < 0.001), HbA1c (5.89 ± 0.9 vs. 5.4 ± 0.8, p = 0.03), CRP (2.2 ± 2.9 vs. 1.09 ± 1.2, p = 0.01). Conclusions: Our findings support the results of previous studies showing the influence of OSA alone on metabolic disturbances. However, BMI has major impact on metabolic variables.
Nadwrażliwość na aspirynę i inne niesteroidowe leki przeciwzapalne—Mechanizmy, diagnostyka, terapia
Authors: Kupczyk Maciej , Kuna Piotr
Published: June 2022

Pojęcie nadwrażliwości na aspirynę obejmuje szereg niepożądanych objawów ze strony górnych i dolnych dróg oddechowych, skóry oraz przewodu pokarmowego pojawiających się po zażyciu aspiryny i innych niesteroidowych leków przeciwzapalnych. Astma oskrzelowa z nadwrażliwością na aspirynę lub inne niesteroidowe leki przeciwzapalne występuje u około 10% dorosłych pacjentów z astmą. U osób nadwrażliwych na aspirynę zahamowanie syntezy prostaglandyny E2 (PGE2) z jednoczesnym wzrostem produkcji leukotrienów cysteinylowych (Cys-LT) wydaje się leżeć u podłoża patomechanizmów choroby. Złotym standardem diagnostyki nadwrażliwości na aspirynę są próby ekspozycji kontrolowane placebo.
Czy i Jak Poszukiwać Wrodzonego Niedoboru alfa-1-Antytrypsyny u Chorych z Obturacją Oskrzeli?
Authors: Kuca Paweł
Published: June 2022

W bieżącym numerze “Pneumonologii i Alergologii Polskiej” opublikowano artykuł poglądowy Struniawskiego i wsp [...]
Isolated Sarcoidosis of Upper Respiratory Tract—A Description of 2 Cases
Authors: Porzezińska Maria , Drozdowski Jacek , Poławska Katarzyna , Wolska-Goszka Ludwika , Cynowska Bogumiła , Słomiński Jan Marek
Published: June 2022

Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. In sarcoidosis almost all organs can be involved but the disease most often affects the lungs and intrathoracic lymph nodes. Isolated extrapulmonary organs involvement occurs very seldom. We present two cases of sarcoidosis limited to upper respiratory tract—a young women with laryngeal sarcoidosis and recurrent throat pain and the women with the disease of the sinuses and pharynx and clinical symptoms of chronic sinusitis poorly responsive to conventional treatment.
Molecular Diagnostics of Alpha-1-Antitrypsine Deficiency in Clinical Practice
Authors: Struniawski Radosław , Szpechciński Adam , Chorostowska-Wynimko Joanna
Published: June 2022

The deficiency of serine protease inhibitor, alpha-1-antitrypsin (AATD), is genetically determined defect that increases the risk of lung and liver disease development. The results of recent epidemiological studies indicate the overwhelming majority of individuals with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency still remain undiagnosed. The complete laboratory diagnosis of AATD is based on combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. The measurment of plasma/serum AAT concentration is always the initial test performed in the clinically suspected individuals. Nevertheless, only the AAT phenotype or genotype identification allows the full medical verification of the diagnosis. Among the various techniques of either AAT variant phenotyping or genotyping accepted by reference medical centers worldwide, the isoelectric focusing, real-time-PCR and restriction fragment-length polymorphism PCR (RFLP-PCR) are “considered the most effective” performed the most commonly. The AAT diagnostics in Poland still awaits for introduction into clinical routine. The aim of present review is to outline the major methods of AATD diagnosis and discuss with the special issuing of their potential benefits and disadvantages.
Pleural Fluid Interferon-Gamma (IFN-γ) Measurement as a Diagnostic Tool in Tuberculous Pleurisy
Authors: Krenke Rafał , Safianowska Aleksandra , Paplińska Magdalena , Korczyński Piotr , Dmowska-Sobstyl Barbara , Bogacka-Zatorska Elżbieta , Jaworski Andrzej , Chazan Ryszarda
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Tuberculosis is one of the most common causes of pleural effusion (PE). However, the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy still remains difficult. Since M. tuberculosis isolation rates in tuberculous effusions are relatively low the histological and microbiological studies of pleural biopsy samples are usually required to confirm the diagnosis. Several biological markers have been proposed to enhance the effectiveness of diagnosing patients with tuberculous pleurisy. The study was undertaken to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of pleural fluid IFN-γ concentration in differentiation between tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) and non-tuberculous pleural effusion (nTPE). Material and methods: 94 patients (50 M and 44 F, mean age 59 ± 18, range 18–95 years) with PE were studied. All subjects underwent diagnostic thoracenthesis and extensive laboratory pleural fluid evaluation. Tuberculous pleural effusion was diagnosed in: (1) patients with positive pleural fluid or pleural biopsy culture and (2) patients with granulomas in the pleural biopsy specimen, after exclusion of other granulomatous diseases. IFN-γ level in pleural fluid was measured with commercially available immunoenzymatic assay (Quantikine Human IFN-γ Immunoassay, R&D Systems, USA). Results: Tuberculous pleural effusion was diagnosed in 28 pts. The non-tuberculous pleural effusion group consisted of 66 pts, including 35 with malignant PE, 20 with parapneumonic effusion or pleural empyema, 5 with pleural transudates due to heart failure, and 6 with miscellaneous causes of PE. The mean concentration of IFN-γ was significantly higher in TPE than in nTPE (614.1 ± 324.5 vs. 15.1 ± 36.0 pg/ml, p < 0.0001). At the cut-off value of 100 pg/ml the sensitivity and specificity of the test were 100% and 98.5% respectively. Conclusions: The pleural fluid concentration of IFN-γ was found to be highly sensitive and specific marker of tuberculous pleurisy.
Sprawozdanie z Kongresu Europejskiego Towarzystwa Oddechowego w Sztokholmie, 15–19 Września 2007 Roku (Część II)
Authors: Kuca Paweł , Kuś Jan , Pływaczewski Robert , Radzikowska Elżbieta , Górecka Dorota , Zieliński Jan
Published: June 2022

Żylna choroba zakrzepowo-zatorowa i nadciśnienie płucne nie stanowiły wiodących tematów kongresu [...]
Nałóg palenia tytoniu i postawy wobec nałogu wśród polskich pneumonologów
Authors: Górecka Dorota
Published: June 2022

Od wielu lat wiadomo, że postawy wobec nałogu palenia tytoniu w środowiskach lekarskich odzwierciedlają stan walki z tym nałogiem w społeczeństwach [...]
Miejsce Ultrasonografii w Diagnostyce Pulmonologicznej
Authors: Mysiorski Grzegorz , Witkiewicz Iwona , Sowiński Roman
Published: June 2022

This article presents a review of ultrasonographic methods and their usefulness in pulmonary diagnostics. Because of its advantages ultrasonography offers a quick, cheap, and safe diagnostics of variety of pulmonary diseases. The role of ultrasound in diagnostics of lung neoplasms, pleural, diaphragma, pericardium and vessels pathology was described. Some restrictions of this tool were mentioned. The newest methods of endobronchial ultrasound were also discussed.
Is Body Mass Index Associated with Asthma in Children?
Authors: Szroniak Anna , Łabędzka Izabela , Bręborowicz Anna , Niedziela Marek
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Asthma is a disease with a complex pathogenesis. Obesity seems to be crucial risk factor for the development and worse clinical outcome of the disease. The aim of the study was to assess the relation between the body weight and the severity of asthma and preliminary analysis of factors influencing nutritional status among asthmatic children. Material and methods: Complete data have been available for 101 children with mild persistent, moderate persistent and severe persistent asthma. The questionnaires have been completed according to the physical and spirometric examination, analysis of medical documentation and anamnesis. Weight and height were measured in all children. To estimate the body mass index (BMI) values we used Body Mass Index Percentile Charts for Age. The control group consisted of 45 healthy school children. Results: Mean BMI percentile for age in asthmatic children did not significantly differ from healthy children (53.4 ± 32.3 and 59.5 ± 30.5 respectively). Higher BMI percentiles for the age were observed among boys in comparison to girls (p = 0.018). We did not find statistically significant relation between values of BMI percentiles and severity of asthma, although higher BMI values in boys with severe persistent asthma were noticed. Body mass index percentiles did not correlate with time of treatment and the doses of inhaled corticosteroids. Food allergy and atopic dermatitis in the past influenced BMI values. Conclusions: Mean BMI percentile for age in asthmatic children did not significantly differ from healthy children. The correlation between BMI values and severity of asthma and treatment with inhaled corticosteroids were not found.
Cell Phenotype Determines PAI-1 Antiproliferative Effect—Suppressed Proliferation of the Lung Cancer but Not Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Chorostowska-Wynimko Joanna , Kędzior Marta , Struniawski Radosław , Jaguś Paulina , Skrzypczak-Jankun Ewa , Jankun Jerzy
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Plasminogen inhibitor activator type 1 (PAI-1) is an important regulator of tumor growth and metastasis formation acting directly via specific urokinase complexing or indirectly due to its affinity to vitronectin. We have shown previously that PAI-1 modifies angiogenic activity of endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner but also in close relationship to the cell phenotype. Present study aimed on evaluating the PAI-1 effect on the proliferative activity of lung cancer cells (A549), prostate cancer cells (DU145) as well as endothelial cells (HUVEC). Results: Mutated PAI-1 (1, 10, 100 μg/ml) characterized by the prolonged antifibrinolytic activity (T1/2~7000 h) inhibited proliferation of lung cancer A549 cells in a dose-dependent (p < 0.001) and time-dependent (p < 0.001) manner. No significant effect on the DU145 prostate cancer cells has been observed except of the 72 h cultures with highest PAI-1 concentration (100 μg/ml) (p < 0.001). Proliferative activity of endothelial cells (HUVEC) was affected by 100 μg/ml PAI-1 only, and independent of the culture period (24, 48 and 72 h, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Plasminogen inhibitor activator type 1 modulates cell proliferation via antifibrynolitic mechanizm time- and dose-dependently, however final outcome is strongly affected by the cell phenotype.
Lung Carcinoma in Patient with Previously Excised Tuberculoma
Authors: Jaraczewska Izabela , Usiekniewicz Jerzy
Published: June 2022

W pracy przedstawiono przypadek chorego, u którego 7 lat po resekcji gruźliczaka prawego płuca stwierdzono raka gruczołowego w tym samym płucu. Diagnozę postawiono w wyniku zaobserwowania powiększania się niebudzącej podejrzeń zmiany. Nie wiadomo, czy nowotwór był wynikiem przebudowy nowotworowej jednego z gruźliczaków, czy też zmianą pierwotną, uznaną za gruźliczak. Zastosowano leczenie operacyjne, z dobrym efektem w 4-letniej obserwacji.
Ocena tętniczej i żylnej części układu naczyniowego w zespole antyfosfolipidowym - związki miażdżycy z zakrzepicą żylną
Authors: Pneumonologia i Alergologia Polska Editorial Office
Published: June 2022

Ocena tętniczej i żylnej części układu naczyniowego w zespole antyfosfolipidowym - związki miażdżycy z zakrzepicą żylną [...]
Obturacyjny Bezdech Senny u Dzieci
Authors: Kulus Marek , Krauze Agnieszka , Bartosiewicz Witold
Published: June 2022

Obturacyjny bezdech senny został opisany w 1880 roku przez McKenzie, ale dopiero w 1976 roku zwrócono uwagę na ten problem u dzieci [...]
Leczenie Obturacyjnego Bezdechu Podczas Snu za Pomocą CPAP
Authors: Byśkiniewicz Krzysztof
Published: June 2022

Obturacyjny bezdech podczas snu (OBPS) należy do najczęstszych zaburzeń oddychania podczas snu [...]
Chirurgia Głowy i Szyi w Leczeniu Obturacyjnego Bezdechu Podczas Snu
Authors: Balcerzak Jarosław , Niemczyk Kazimierz
Published: June 2022

Kluczową rolę w patogenezie obturacyjnego bezdechu podczas snu (OBPS) odgrywa zjawisko zapadania się ścian gardła, któremu towarzyszy ograniczenie lub zanik przepływu powietrza w drogach oddechowych [...]
Zastosowanie Aparatów Nazębnych u Chorych na OBPS
Authors: Korczyński Piotr
Published: June 2022

Obturacyjny bezdech podczas snu (OBPS) to choroba, której etiologia nie została jeszcze dokładnie poznana [...]
Zasady żywienia i Leczenie Farmakologiczne Otyłości u Chorych z Obturacyjnym Bezdechem Podczas Snu (OBPS)
Authors: Czech Anna
Published: June 2022

Wiele badań epidemiologicznych wskazuje, że występowanie otyłości w ostatnich dekadach wzrasta szybko w wielu regionach i krajach świata, osiągając stan epidemii [...]
Choroby Serca—Powikłania u Chorych na OBPS
Authors: Główczyńska Renata , Kukwa Wojciech , Opolski Grzegorz
Published: June 2022

Obturacyjny bezdech podczas snu (OBPS) jest skutkiem krótkotrwałego, ale powtarzającego się zapadania ścian dróg oddechowych [...]
Powikłania Neurologiczne u Chorych na OBPS
Authors: Zakrzewska-Pniewska Beata , Kwieciński Hubert
Published: June 2022

W zespole obturacyjnego bezdechu podczas snu (OBPS) powtarzająca się hipoksemia wywiera niezwykle istotny wpływ na funkcje wielu narządów i układów [...]
Zaburzenia Endokrynologiczne w Przebiegu Obturacyjnego Bezdechu Podczas Snu
Authors: Kumor Marta , Chazan Ryszarda
Published: June 2022

Obturacyjny bezdech podczas snu (OBPS) jest stosunkowo młodą jednostką chorobową, której patomechanizm oraz wpływ na zaburzenia metaboliczne oraz endokrynologiczne ciągle pozostają tematem badań klinicznych [...]
Wpływ Zaburzeń Oddychania w Czasie Snu na Częstość Wypadków Komunikacyjnych
Authors: Przybyłowski Tadeusz
Published: June 2022

Wyniki badań prowadzonych w ostatnim czasie coraz dobitniej przemawiają za tym, że zaburzenia oddychania w czasie snu to nie tylko istotny problem medyczny, ale również społeczny [...]
Domowe leczenie tlenem
Authors: Śliwiński Paweł
Published: June 2022

Pierwsze doniesienia, w których opisywano korzystne efekty przewlekłego leczenia tlenem chorych z utrwaloną obturacją oskrzeli i przewlekłą niewydolnością oddychania [...]
Cytokeratyny jako tkankowe i surowicze markery niedrobnokomórkowego raka płuca
Authors: Szturmowicz Monika
Published: June 2022

Cytokeratyny (CK) są to włókna o pośredniej długości stanowiące szkielet komórek nabłonkowych [...]