bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Boosting of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution via chlorine doping of polymeric carbon nitride
Authors: Aleksandrzak Malgorzata , Kijaczko Michalina , Kukulka Wojciech , Baranowska Daria , Baca Martyna , Zielinska Beata , Mijowska Ewa
Published: May 2021

Chlorine is found to be a suitable element for the modification of polymeric carbon nitride properties towards an efficient visible-light photocatalytic activity. In this study, chlorine-doped polymeric carbon nitride (Cl-PCN) has been examined as a photocatalyst in the hydrogen evolution reaction. The following aspects were found to enhance the photocatalytic efficiency of Cl-PCN: (i) unique location of Cl atoms at the interlayers of PCN instead of on its π-conjugated planes, (ii) slight bandgap narrowing, (iii) lower recombination rate of the electron–hole pairs, (iv) improved photogenerated charge transport and separation, and (v) higher reducing ability of the photogenerated electrons. The above factors affected the 4.4-fold enhancement of the photocatalytic efficiency in hydrogen evolution in comparison to the pristine catalyst.
THE EXPRESSION OF GENERAL NEGATION IN BULGARIAN AND GERMAN
THROUGH THE PERSPECTIVE OF CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: CHAKAROVA Krasimira , KOLEVA Radostina
Published: May 2021

The object of analysis in the present study are some characteristic features of the linguistic means expressing negation (and in particular – general negation) in two unrelated languages – Bulgarian and German. The paper presents a brief outline of the basic concepts of negation as a linguistic phenomenon, and a contrastive study of the specific linguistic means of its verbalization in the two languages, focusing on the cases of interlingual asymmetry. The conclusions are drawn on the basis of rich taxonomic material, excerpted from literary texts translated from German into Bulgarian and from Bulgarian into German. A number of arguments are presented in support of the thesis that in the contemporary Bulgarian language there is a process of grammaticalization of the verbal negation within an independent morphological verbal category, called existential status of the action (result of an action) or a state. In contrast, there is no single formal indicator of negation in German; there are no manifestations of synthetic forms, as for example – the Bulgarian auxiliary verbs няма and недей, and the degree of separability of the negative markers is high.
In the final part of the study a conclusion is drawn that the linguistic concepts of general negation and status negation are not identical. The first one is semantic-syntactic and encompasses the cases in which the action of negation refers to the whole sentence. As for the status negation in the Bulgarian language, it means absence (negation) of an action (result of an action) or a state and is expressed morphologically – on the level of the verb word formation.
THE FUTURE OF THE BULGARIAN ACADEMIC PERIODICALS – COMMUNITIES, DEBATES, AND INTERNATIONAL PRESENCE
Authors: RIKEV Kamen
Published: May 2021

The paper discusses several formal aspects of submitting texts to foreign academic journals and publishing houses by Bulgarian authors. It argues that common issues concerning the editing of an author’s contribution include the English translation of a Bulgarian academic institution’s name, the use of quotation marks, the hyphen, en dash and em dash, the usage of glyphs, such as the numero symbol. The article also draws attention to the various transcription styles for Cyrillic texts, as well as the inconsistent forms of patron saints and city names used by Bulgarian institutions. A comparison between the Bulgarian names of six universities, their English translations and forms appearing in Wikipedia illustrates the problem of the often incomprehensible affiliation of a Bulgarian scholar outside the country. The author’s main conclusions are as follows: (1) an urgent need for a uniform spelling of Bulgarian university names in English; (2) based on the information on their official websites, Bulgarian institutions do not have official names in English, or such names cannot be easily traced; (3) clarification of the principles for recording the names of prominent personalities and especially saints, who have long been subject of international research; (4) a need for monitoring the consistent spelling of institution names appearing on the most popular internet portals. Finally, the author suggests 8 English language versions of the name Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”.
PROOFREADING CHALLENGES IN THE ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF ACADEMIC ABSTRACTS AND ARTICLES
Authors: ANASTASOVA Maria , KOSTADINOVA Dafina
Published: May 2021

The world of contemporary science demands from every respected researcher to publish their findings in international databases, whose metrics have become a measure for the popularity and influence of scholarly journals. Hardly is it possible to build a successful academic career without publications indexed in Scopus and Web of Science. As part of the requirements, authors are supposed to provide abstracts of their materials in English or even translate their articles in languages that are not their native. Such a situation poses a challenge to both authors and technical editors of Bulgarian academic journals as they are expected to proofread highly specific translated texts in a language that is not their native. More often than not, those editors have neither the source text to rely on, nor the broader context of the study in cases when the articles have been written in foreign languages and thus they face a number of translation challenges. The present study focuses on some difficulties that regularly occur in the process of proofreading the English translation of academic abstracts and articles, such as ambiguity, translation of titles of literary works, and interference from the native language. The basic aim is to analyze those problems from the perspective of translation studies and eventually suggest some possible ways of coping with them.
THE PLACE OF THE CLASSICAL PHILOLOGICAL JOURNAL IN THE MODERN SCIENTIFIC WORLD
Authors: STALYANOVA Nadezhda
Published: May 2021

The article examines the problems faced by traditional scientific journals in the field of humanities in Bulgaria. The article is dedicated to the journal "Bulgarian Speech", a scientific journal for linguistics and language culture which combines the scientific approach and the search for popular topics. The history and the concept of the journal, the traditions in its publishing and the most significant authors who have published in it are presented. The text deals with the problems faced by its editorial board nowadays in the context of the requirements for the publications of researchers. The main problem is that some journals, despite their long traditions and prestige, find themselves in the disadvantage of asking authors for materials in order to realize the next issue. Questions are discussed whether it is possible to preserve the traditional layout of the journal and at the same time to meet the requirements for reference in certain databases. Is a qualitative change needed and if so, will this not change the purpose of the journal, which is to reach the non-professional audience? The possible perspectives for the development of the strategies of the journals in the direction of international databases, as well as the requirements to the authors of the publications in them are considered.
GAME OF WORDS: INSTRUMENTS IN POWER AND INSTRUMENTS OF POWER
Authors: FILIPOV Milen
Published: May 2021

The study's purpose is to analyze the elements of the pre-election meeting between Ahmed Dogan and the residents of the village of Kochan, Satovcha Municipality, which qualify it as a pseudo-event. The integration of these elements provoked planned affective reactions from the media, political leaders and the electorate, which swung the vote. Two research questions were asked: How do external elements such as context, place and time, and characteristics of the message qualify Ahmed Dogan's pre-election meeting as a pseudo-event? What public communication effects do the integration of the internal and external elements of the pre-election meeting cause, which qualify the meeting as a pseudo-event? The subject of study is the pre-election meeting between Ahmed Dogan and the residents of the village of Kochan. The study's object is the context, place, time, message (speech) and media-mediated reactions of the political leaders. The methodology of qualitative research is based on the pragmatism paradigm. The methodological triangulation of the agitation propaganda theory and agenda-building engineering are used. Methodological triangulation includes critical discourse analysis and axeologematic analysis. The main conclusions are that the meeting between Ahmed Dogan was a pseudo-event that developed according to a strictly defined scenario and provoked emotional reactions among political leaders and voters. The media could have easily ignored pseudo-events coverage if they had focused on the event's weight and impact rather than the speaker of the event.
THE KNACK OF NARRATION: A POST-COLONIAL CRITIQUE IN NGUGI WA THIONG’O’S WEEP NOT, CHILD
Authors: YASSIN MOHD ABA SHAR’AR Mohammed , BUDDHARAT Chamaiporn
Published: May 2021

The downfall of the European colonialism in the African and Asian colonies was not the end of the colonial hegemony, but the beginning of indirect imperial policies. In a unique narrative style, Ngugi has creatively fictionalized his anti-colonial stand through creating characters with Kenyan names to voice his resistance to colonization. The methodology of this study is descriptive analysis. The paper analyzes critically Ngugi’s novel Weep Not, Child and shows how he implemented different narrative techniques (e.g. free indirect narration, freewheeling narrative technique, and author surrogate) to depict the atrocities and aftermath of colonization. It explicates how Ngugi uses narration to liberate gradually the minds of his people and their land from the settlers through the decolonial styles of peaceful struggle and focus on education. Specifically, the paper elaborates how Ngugi, like many other post-colonial writers, resisted and challenged the neo-imperial forms over the previous colonies in the neo-colonial era. Ngugi’s novel sheds light on the impacts of colonialism which affected negatively not only Kenya, but also all the colonized nations.
Entornos virtuales de aprendizaje y el desarrollo de competencias
Authors: López-Sánchez Jorge , Beraún Barrantes Jose
Published: May 2021

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Posturas didácticas sobre el método científico y su influencia en el desarrollo de competencias investigativas en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Zacarías Ventura Héctor , Vilchez Guizado Jesús , Supo Condori José
Published: May 2021

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Does Lyme Disease Cause PANS?
Authors: Kinderlehrer DA
Published: May 2021

In 1994, Susan Swedo and colleagues described children who developed mental health issues following infection with Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections, and in a subsequent report coined the term Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS) [1,2]. In short order it was discovered that multiple microbes have the potential of triggering mental health issues in children and adolescents, and the nomenclature was updated to Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS) [3]. The microbes that thus far have been associated with PANS include herpes simplex virus, influenza A virus, varicella virus, HIV, recurrent sinusitis, Epstein-Barr virus, the common cold, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Bartonella henselae [4-6].
A Stellar Activity F-statistic for Exoplanet Surveys (SAFE)
Authors: Holzer Parker H. , Cisewski-Kehe Jessi , Zhao Lily , Ford Eric B. , Gilbertson Christian , Fischer Debra A.
Published: May 2021

In the search for planets orbiting distant stars, the presence of stellar activity in the atmospheres of observed stars can obscure the radial velocity signal used to detect such planets. Furthermore, this stellar activity contamination is set by the star itself and cannot simply be avoided with better instrumentation. Various stellar activity indicators have been developed that may correlate with this contamination. We introduce a new stellar activity indicator called the Stellar Activity F-statistic for Exoplanet surveys (SAFE) that has higher statistical power (i.e., probability of detecting a true stellar activity signal) than many traditional stellar activity indicators in a simulation study of an active region on a Sun-like star with a moderate-to-high signal-to-noise ratio. Also through simulation, the SAFE is demonstrated to be associated with the projected area on the visible side of the star covered by active regions. We also demonstrate that the SAFE detects statistically significant stellar activity in most of the spectra for HD 22049, a star known to have high stellar variability. Additionally, the SAFE is calculated for recent observations of the three low-variability stars HD 34411, HD 10700, and HD 3651, the latter of which is known to have a planetary companion. As expected, the SAFE for these three only occasionally detects activity. Furthermore, initial exploration appears to indicate that the SAFE may be useful for disentangling stellar activity signals from planet-induced Doppler shifts.
Laboratory Data on the EUV/Soft-X-Ray Flux Problem of Fe xviii and Fe xix
Authors: Träbert Elmar , Beiersdorfer Peter
Published: May 2021

Observations by the spacecraft Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE), Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE), Chandra, and XMM-Newton of Capella (α Aurigae) have encountered problems with the relative intensities of the Fe xviii and Fe xix line emission in the soft-X-ray (XUV) and extreme-ultraviolet spectral ranges versus various model predictions based on theoretical atomic data. The reason may either lie in astrophysical phenomena, e.g., at emission or because of absorption by the interstellar medium, in the theoretical atomic data, in one or more spectrometer calibrations, or in the spectral modeling. By measurements using an electron beam ion trap we provide laboratory data obtained under conditions that are reasonably close to stellar emission regions. The laboratory data on Fe xviii and Fe xix show line ratios that are rather similar to the observations of Capella. The measurements, therefore, rule out astrophysical phenomena and calibration errors and point to issues with the modeling of the observed Capella emission.
Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of Spicular Jet Propagation Applied to Lower Solar Atmosphere Model
Authors: Mackenzie Dover Fionnlagh , Sharma Rahul , Erdélyi Robertus
Published: May 2021

We report a series of numerical experiments for the propagation of a momentum pulse representing a chromospheric jet, simulated using an idealized magnetohydrodynamic model. The jet in a stratified lower solar atmosphere is subjected to a varied initial driver (amplitude, period) and magnetic field conditions to examine the parameter influence over jet morphology and kinematics. The simulated jet captured key observed spicule characteristics including maximum heights, field-aligned mass motions/trajectories, and cross-sectional width deformations. Next, the jet features also show a prominent bright, bulb-like apex, similar to reported observed chromospheric jets, formed due to the higher density of plasma and/or waves. Furthermore, the simulations highlight the presence of not yet observed internal crisscross/knots substructures generated by shock waves reflected within the jet structure. Therefore we suggest verifying these predicted fine-scale structures in highly localized lower solar atmospheric jets, e.g., in spicules or fibrils by high-resolution observations, offered by the Daniel K. Inoyue Solar Telescope or otherwise.
X-Ray Constraint on the Location of the AGN Torus in the Circinus Galaxy
Authors: Uematsu Ryosuke , Ueda Yoshihiro , Tanimoto Atsushi , Kawamuro Taiki , Setoguchi Kenta , Ogawa Shoji , Yamada Satoshi , Odaka Hirokazu
Published: May 2021

The location of the obscuring “torus” in an active galactic nucleus (AGN) is still an unresolved issue. The line widths of X-ray fluorescence lines originating from the torus, particularly Fe Kα, carry key information on the radii of line-emitting regions. Utilizing XCLUMPY, an X-ray clumpy torus model, we develop a realistic model of emission line profiles from an AGN torus where we take into account line broadening due to the Keplerian motion around the black hole. Then, we apply the updated model to the best available broadband spectra (3–100 keV) of the Circinus galaxy observed with Suzaku, XMM-Newton, Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array, and Chandra, including 0.62 Ms Chandra/HETG data. We confirm that the torus is Compton-thick (hydrogen column density along the equatorial plane is

), geometrically thin (torus angular width

), viewed edge-on (inclination

), and has supersolar abundance (

times solar). Simultaneously analyzing the Chandra/HETG first-, second-, and third-order spectra with consideration of the spatial extent of the Fe Kα line-emitting region, we constrain the inner radius of the torus to be

times the gravitational radius, or

for a black hole mass of (1.7 ± 0.3) × 106
M
⊙. This is about three times smaller than that estimated from the dust sublimation radius, suggesting that the inner side of the dusty region of the torus is composed of dust-free gas.
Circumbinary Disk Accretion into Spinning Black Hole Binaries
Authors: Lopez Armengol Federico G. , Combi Luciano , Campanelli Manuela , Noble Scott C. , Krolik Julian H. , Bowen Dennis B. , Avara Mark J. , Mewes Vassilios , Nakano Hiroyuki
Published: May 2021

Supermassive black hole binaries are likely to accrete interstellar gas through a circumbinary disk. Shortly before merger, the inner portions of this circumbinary disk are subject to general relativistic effects. To study this regime, we approximate the spacetime metric of close orbiting black holes by superimposing two boosted Kerr–Schild terms. After demonstrating the quality of this approximation, we carry out very long-term general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the circumbinary disk. We consider black holes with spin dimensionless parameters of magnitude 0.9, in one simulation parallel to the orbital angular momentum of the binary, but in another anti-parallel. These are contrasted with spinless simulations. We find that, for a fixed surface mass density in the inner circumbinary disk, aligned spins of this magnitude approximately reduce the mass accretion rate by 14% and counter-aligned spins increase it by 45%, leaving many other disk properties unchanged.
The Tarda Meteorite: A Window into the Formation of D-type Asteroids
Authors: Marrocchi Yves , Avice Guillaume , Barrat Jean-Alix
Published: May 2021

Dynamic models of solar system evolution suggest that D-type asteroids formed beyond Saturn's orbit and represent invaluable witnesses of the prevailing conditions in the outer solar system. Here, we report a comprehensive petrographic and isotopic characterization of the carbonaceous chondrite Tarda, a recent fall recovered in the Moroccan Sahara. We show that Tarda shares strong similarities with the D-type-derived chondrite Tagish Lake, implying that Tarda represents a rare sample of D-type asteroids. Both Tarda and Tagish Lake are characterized by the presence of rare 16O-rich chondrules and chondrule fragments, high C/H ratios, and enrichments in deuterium, 15N, and 13C. By combining our results with literature data on carbonaceous chondrites related to C-type asteroids, we show that the outer solar system 4.56 Gy ago was characterized by large-scale oxygen isotopic homogeneities in (i) the water–ice grains accreted by asteroids and (ii) the gas controlling the formation of FeO-poor chondrules. Conversely, the zone in which D-type asteroids accreted was significantly enriched in deuterium relative to the formation regions of C-type asteroids, features likely inherited from unprocessed, D-rich, molecular-cloud materials.
A Unified Model of Solar Prominence Formation
Authors: Huang C. J. , Guo J. H. , Ni Y. W. , Xu A. A. , Chen P. F.
Published: May 2021

Several mechanisms have been proposed to account for the formation of solar prominences or filaments, among which direct injection and evaporation–condensation models are the two most popular ones. In the direct injection model, cold plasma is ejected from the chromosphere into the corona along magnetic field lines; in the evaporation–condensation model, the cold chromospheric plasma is heated to over a million degrees and is evaporated into the corona, where the accumulated plasma finally reaches thermal instability or nonequilibrium so as to condensate to cold prominences. In this paper, we try to unify the two mechanisms: The essence of filament formation is the localized heating in the chromosphere. If the heating happens in the lower chromosphere, the enhanced gas pressure pushes the cold plasma in the upper chromosphere to move up to the corona, such a process is manifested as the direct injection model. If the heating happens in the upper chromosphere, the local plasma is heated to 1–2 million degrees, and is evaporated into the corona. Later, the plasma condensates to form a prominence. Such a process is manifested as the evaporation–condensation model. With radiative hydrodynamic simulations we confirmed that the two widely accepted formation mechanisms of solar prominences can really be unified in such a single framework. A particular case is also found where both injection and evaporation–condensation processes occur together.
4C 18.47: A Recoiling AGN Candidate in the Radio and Infrared
Authors: Gabányi Krisztina Éva , Frey Sándor , Budai Andor
Published: May 2021

Recoiling active galactic nuclei (AGNs) can be formed after the merging of two galaxies and their central supermassive black holes. A novel method recently revealed a handful of recoiling AGN candidates. We report on the arcsec-scale radio structure of one of them, 4C 18.47, a prominent radio emitter. We also present its infrared light curve, indicating significant long-term variability.
All Comets are Somewhat Hyperactive and the Implications Thereof
Authors: Sunshine Jessica M. , Feaga Lori M.
Published: May 2021

We critically examine what hyperactivity on a comet entails, fully develop the A’Hearn Model for Hyperactivity based on the analyses of data collected for the Deep Impact encounter of comet 103P/Hartley 2, describe manifestations of hyperactivity suggested on many, if not all, comets, and give implications of hyperactivity for future cometary exploration. The A’Hearn model requires a highly volatile ice reservoir within a comet to undergo sublimation, escape the nucleus, and drive out less volatile ices along its path to the surface. Once in the coma, the less volatile ice eventually sublimates, creating a secondary source of that gas in the coma, which is generally displaced anti-sunward and not distributed symmetrically about the nucleus. The secondary source of gas increases the total production of the less volatile species in the coma, sometimes well above that expected if the total surface was undergoing sublimation. We argue that based on the simple assumptions of the A’Hearn model and the fact that several comets display one or more of the characteristics of hyperactivity detailed here, it is probable that nearly all comets experience some degree of hyperactivity. Of significance, the ice that is brought from deep within the nucleus into the coma via the process described by the A’Hearn model is the least thermally altered and is thus the most pristine ice in the comet. Therefore, it behooves future mission teams to consider cryogenically sampling coma ice, rather than or in addition to attempting a direct nucleus sample, for a better understanding of the unaltered ices and conditions present in the protoplanetary disk.
Serum Vitamin Levels among Iraqi Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy
Authors: Abdulrahman Mohammed Salim , El-Yassin Hedef  D. , Al-Alwan Nada. A. S.
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: Cancers are an abnormal irregular growth of cells. There is an interaction between cancer cells, immune cells, and neurotransmitters with nutritional elements and vitamins. With the administration of chemotherapeutic agents, many studies have highlighted the importance of these interactions and the role of chemotherapeutic drugs in augmenting or ameliorating such changes. Therefore, early detection of vitamins level changes is vital to improve patients’ short-term outcome and quality of life.
AIM: The aim was assessment of serum vitamins level changes in patients with cancer pre- and post-chemotherapy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cohort study was carried out on newly diagnosed patients with cancer in Al-Amal National Radiation Oncology Hospital/Baghdad/Iraq during the period from January 2019 to July 2019. Assessments of the studied samples were conducted as a baseline before receiving chemotherapy and after the third cycle of chemotherapy. Weight, height and body mass index (BMI) were measured for each subject enrolled in the study. Serum level of the following vitamins: A, B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, folic acid, D, and E was measured using ELISA technique.
RESULTS: One Hundred patients who were diagnosed with different types of cancer were enrolled in this study. Seventy seven (77%) females and twenty three (23%) males. Mean age was 50.15 years ranged between (18-75) years old, BMI range (16-42). Serum vitamin levels that have shown a significant decrease post chemotherapy as compared with baseline were: A (0.64 ± 0.23 vs 0.64 ± 0.23, P=0.0003), E (19.47 ± 4.714 vs 14.70 ± 5.354, P<0.0001), B12 (366.0 ± 95.94 vs 291.1 ± 102.6, P<0.001), B9 (16.13 ± 4.13 vs 16.13 ± 4.13, P<0.0001) whereas vitamins B6 and D which showed lower than normal baseline level underwent significant increase after chemotherapy yet remained below normal (vitamin B6 4.19 ± 1.94 vs 8.22 ± 5.39; vitamin D 21.11 ± 7.21 vs 26.55 ± 15.22).
CONCLUSION: Our findings highlight the importance of updating and tailoring our regimens to suit the changes of the nutritional elements and parameters of performance status of cancer patients in terms of outcome and patient satisfaction.
Analysis of Chemical Properties and Antioxidant Activity of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees.) Leaf Tea Formula as a Functional Drink in Preventing Coronavirus Diseases and Degenerative Diseases
Authors: Fitrasyah Siti Ika , Ariani Ariani , Rahman Nurdin , Nurulfuadi Nurulfuadi , Aiman Ummu , Nadila Devi , Pradana Fendi , Rakhman Aulia , Hartini Diah Ayu
Published: May 2021

AIM: The purpose of this study was to develop a tea formula of sambiloto leaves, analyzed the chemical properties (polyphenols, tannins, water, extracts in water, total ash, water soluble ash, water-insoluble ash, insoluble acid ash, and water-soluble ash alkalinity) as well as the antioxidant capacity of the formula. METHODS: This research was divided into two stages. The first stage was the formulation of sambiloto leaves tea and the second stage was the analysis of chemical properties (levels of polyphenols, tannins, water, extracts water, total ash, water soluble ash, water-insoluble ash, insoluble acid ash, and water soluble ash alkalinity) and antioxidant capacity analysis. The analysis was carried out on all of the sambiloto leaves tea formulas to determine the effect of the formulations on chemical properties and antioxidant capacity. This study used Microsoft Excel 2013 in data processing management. RESULTS: The highest extract water was at F4, and the lowest was at F1. Based on the analysis, the formula of sambiloto leaves tea was in the range of 1.026–1.734%. Of all the formulas that have been prepared, sambiloto leaves tea formula F1 was obtained the best chemical and antioxidant properties among all formulas, which were composed of 100% sambiloto leaves, 5% honey, and 45% dates. CONCLUSION: Sambiloto leaves have good antioxidant activity and can be used as a drink in the form of an infusion, such as tea. The result of brewing the sambiloto tea formula has faded green color. The polyphenol content of the sambiloto leaves tea formula still did not meet the Indonesia National Standard (≥5.2%), was 1.5–3.1%.
Integrative descriptions of two new Macrobiotus species (Tardigrada, Eutardigrada, Macrobiotidae) from Mississippi (USA) and Crete (Greece)
Authors: Vecchi Matteo , Stec Daniel
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we describe two new Macrobiotus species from Mississippi (USA) and Crete (Greece) by means of integrative taxonomy. Detailed morphological data from light and scanning electron microscopy, as well as molecular data (sequences of four genetic markers: 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, ITS-2 and COI), are provided in support of the descriptions of the new species. Macrobiotus annewintersaesp. nov. from Mississippi belongs to the Macrobiotus persimilis complex (Macrobiotus clade B) and exhibits a unique egg processes morphology, similar only to Macrobiotus anemone Meyer, Domingue & Hinton, 2014, but mainly differs from that species by the presence of eyes, granulation on all legs, dentate lunulae on legs IV, and of bubble-like structures within the tentacular arms that are present on the distal portion of the egg processes. Macrobiotus rybakisp. nov. from Crete belongs to the Macrobiotus clade A and is most similar to Macrobiotus dariae Pilato & Bertolani, 2004, Macrobiotus noemiae Roszkowska & Kaczmarek, 2019, Macrobiotus santoroi Pilato & D’Urso, 1976, and Macrobiotus serratus Bertolani, Guidi & Rebecchi, 1996, but differs from them mainly in the morphological details of its egg processes and chorion reticulation, but also by a number of morphometric characters. In light of the specific morphology of the egg processes of Macrobiotus annewintersaesp. nov. and Macrobiotus anemone, that are equipped with tentacular arms instead of proper terminal disc, we also provide an updated definition of the Macrobiotus persimilis complex.
Risque psychosocial professionnel chez les femmes enceintes cubaines
Authors: Marrero María de Lourdes , Pastor Arango María Elena , Espinosa Hernández Tamara Ivet , Díaz Molleda Maritza
Published: May 2021

En matière de procréation, les risques psychosociaux sont peu étudiés comparativement à ceux liés à l’environnement physique et chimique. L’objectif de cette étude est d’identifier les facteurs de risques professionnels potentiels d’une insuffisance pondérale à la naissance (IPN). L’étude porte sur une cohorte rétrospective de 521 travailleuses où les variables du travail et le poids à la naissance du nouveau-né ont été contrôlés. Les modèles appliqués sont ceux de Karasek (demande/latitude décisionnelle), de Siegrist (déséquilibre effort-récompense) et de Román (dynamisme de la personnalité). Les résultats montrent que le poids du nouveau-né augmente à mesure de la diminution de la nature stressante du travail. L’immersion excessive dans le travail ainsi que la non-dissociation travail/hors travail augmentent l’expérience du stress. Il est donc important de contrôler les risques psychosociaux au travail durant la période de la gestation et lors du recrutement des femmes enceintes pour prévenir le risque d’IPN.
Institution totalitaire et malaise au travail, le cas du personnel pénitentiaire dans un État du Brésil
Authors: Barros Vanessa Andrade , Araujo Newton Garcia
Published: May 2021

Cet article, basé sur les cadres théoriques de la psychosociologie du travail et de l’ergologie, analyse l’activité des agents pénitentiaires dans une prison des longues peines et dans un hôpital psychiatrique et judiciaire au Brésil. Leur travail consiste notamment à surveiller, contrôler et punir la personne incarcérée. Deux recherches ont été menées dans ces institutions à travers l’observation du travail in situ et 34 entretiens – 25 surveillants de la prison et 9 surveillants de l’hôpital psychiatrique et judiciaire –, outre une recherche sur les documents produits par ces institutions. Nous interrogeons les effets de ce travail sur le corps et la subjectivité de ces travailleurs. Malgré les différences entre ces établissements, elles présentent de mauvaises conditions de travail et une nuisance sociale compromettant gravement la santé physique et mentale de ces travailleurs, notamment pour la dépression. L’article fait apparaître aussi certaines difficultés mettant en échec les politiques publiques de réinsertion sociale des incarcérés dans ces institutions.
Consommation de substances psychoactives par les jeunes chômeurs : points de vue croisés des professionnels de l’insertion et de leurs « usagers »
Authors: Ladreyt Sébastien , Mezza Joëlle
Published: May 2021

Cet article rend compte d’une étude exploratoire portant sur le sens et les fonctions des consommations de substances psychoactives par les jeunes suivis dans des dispositifs d’accompagnement à l’emploi, en lien avec les expériences du chômage. L’exploration de ces conduites a été réalisée à partir d’entretiens individuels semi-directifs avec des professionnels de l’insertion (24) et en mobilisant un dispositif collectif installé dans une mission locale (un « café santé ») et en utilisant la méthode Photolangage (1 réunion d’information et 2 réunions de travail avec 10 participants jeunes au total). Le défaut d’échanges et de reconnaissance du sens des usages des substances psychoactives tient à la congruence paradoxale entre les évitements des usagers et des professionnels : les uns comme les autres contribuent à masquer les épreuves du chômage et les fonctions des usages réglés de substances psychoactives. Les consommations de produits servent à masquer les difficultés éprouvées et leurs traces, comme les professionnels et les politiques préventives masquent le rôle du non-travail forcé dans ces usages. Le risque de pathologisation et de médicalisation du social pourrait être prévenu par l’offre de cadres d’expression et d’élaboration collective afin d’aider à la levée du tabou et à transformer les représentations déficitaires et stigmatisantes de ces jeunes « en insertion ».
La maturité de la perception et les facteurs en jeu à travers le dessin de la personne
Authors: Matar Touma Viviane
Published: May 2021

Le dessin exécuté par un enfant ou un adolescent est une activité graphique à valeur symbolique, qui dépend de plusieurs facteurs en rapport avec sa maturité psychologique, son équilibre relationnel et social, d’une part, et sa maturité motrice, développementale et perceptive, d’autre part. Autrement dit, la nature de l’expression du jeune dépendra de son degré de maturité cognitive et affective, de son vécu des situations qui l’entourent, tant sur le plan familial que sur le plan social. Une étude qualitative et une analyse factorielle de 472 dessins de la personne, exécutés par des sujets âgés de 3 à 12 ans, a fait l’objet d’une recherche durant trois années consécutives dans le cadre du laboratoire de psychologie de l’université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Liban. À l’issue de cette recherche une nouvelle approche de l’évaluation cognitive-affective du dessin de la personne est proposée, mettant en place une échelle standardisée, qui permettra d’évaluer l’évolution de la perception avec l’âge et les facteurs qui risquent de l’influencer.
Vom Lessing-Verein zur Antisemiten-Liga. Zur Umdeutung des Toleranzbegriffs durch den Ingenieur und Schriftsteller Hector de Grousilliers (1842-1899)
Authors: Wyrwa Ulrich
Published: May 2021

On considère généralement que la notion d’antisémitisme a été forgée par l’écrivain allemand Wilhelm Marr. Ce faisant, on ne prête pas attention au fait qu’il n’emploie pas encore ce terme dans son essai influent de mars 1879 Der Sieg des Judenthums über das Germanenthums . Le néologisme apparut la première fois dans le nom et le programme de l’« Antisemiten-Liga » fondée en septembre 1879. On a prêté encore moins d’attention au fait que c’est non Wilhelm Marr qui est à l’origine de ce parti, mais le chimiste et ingénieur berlinois Hector de Grousilliers. Marr assista à l’événement fondateur et devint membre du parti, mais il n’y occupa aucune fonction. C’est par ailleurs Grousilliers qui, paradoxalement, avait eu le premier l’idée de fonder un « Lessing-Verein ». Par une volte-face absurde, il en résulta l’« Antisemiten-Liga ». Par une curieuse réévaluation de la Parabole de l’anneau de Lessing, Grousilliers attribua une sémantique antisémite au concept de tolérance. Il développa ce sujet plusieurs fois au sein de l’Antisemiten-Liga avant de devenir l’éditeur du magazine antisémite humoristique et satirique Die Wahrheit. Humoristisch-satirisches Wochenblatt .
Dérivation en -ᾱ- ou en -ŏ- : critères distributionnels. Le cas des anthroponymes en Ἀγορᾱ- vs -ᾰγόρᾱς, -ήγορος
Authors: Minon Sophie
Published: May 2021

L’objet de cette étude était de vérifier, en prenant l’exemple des anthroponymes composés faits par dérivation en -ᾱ- ou en -ο-, à partir du radical ἀγορ°, si les échanges, abondamment représentés dans les composés lexicaux et anthroponymiques, entre les deux voyelles, en position soit de voyelle de jonction entre leurs deux membres, soit de voyelle prédésinentielle, prouvent un caractère interchangeable qui s’expliquerait morphologiquement par différentes formes d’analogies ou bien si d’autres motivations ont pu jouer, voire interférer avec la précédente. S’il est impossible de tirer de conclusions qui vaillent pour la série de noms dans sa totalité (trop de critères interfèrent, y compris celui de la mode, parfois induite par l’existence de tel porteur prestigieux du nom), il n’est du moins guère apparu que le critère aréal/dialectal, dont on a montré qu’il avait joué par exemple dans la distribution de /a:/ et de /o/ prédésinentiels pour les composés du lexique, doive être, en revanche, invoqué pour leur distribution dans les anthroponymes en -αγόρᾱ/ης et -ᾱ/ήγορος de l’époque alphabétique. Dans la hiérarchisation de ceux qui ont véritablement contribué à la configuration de cette famille de noms, sémantique et pragmatique viennent en premier, et l’accent pourrait avoir parfois contribué au marquage du sens, tandis que certains choix morphologiques sont apparus comme infléchis par le rythme.
Outcomes of Simultaneous Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair and Inferior Labral Repair Among Active Patients Younger Than 40 Years
Authors: Parnes Nata , Perrine Jeff , DeFranco Michael J.
Published: May 2021

Rotator cuff tears as a consequence of shoulder instability, which are uncommon among patients younger than 40 years, have been found to be more prevalent in active duty service members in this age group. As a result, this population provides a unique opportunity to study concurrent arthroscopic treatment of rotator cuff and inferior labrum tears in young, active patients, a topic that has not been studied extensively. The goal of this study was to report clinical outcomes of rotator cuff and inferior labral tears managed concurrently with all-arthroscopic repair for military patients younger than 40 years. Data were collected prospectively from 30 arthroscopic rotator cuff repair procedures with concurrent inferior labral repair performed on 29 individual military patients younger than 40 years (mean, 33.5 years; range, 21–39 years) and retrospectively analyzed. Preand postoperative evaluations conducted during a minimum 2-year follow-up period (mean, 35 months; range, 24–68 months) included visual analog scale (VAS) score, Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) shoulder score, and range of motion. Mean VAS score improved from 7.63±1.85 to 1.00±1.44 (
P
<.0001). Mean SSV improved from 54.83±17.10 to 90.83±9.75 (
P
<.0001). Mean ASES shoulder score improved from 45.37±12.99 to 90.43±10.67 (
P
<.0001). No significant improvement was found in range of motion; however, improved mean measurements were consistently noted in all directions. Complications (10%; 3 of 30) included 1 re-tear of the rotator cuff repair and 2 postoperative frozen shoulders. Arthroscopic repair of rotator cuff tears with concurrent repair of inferior labral tear in active patients younger than 40 years produced excellent patient outcomes, with high rates of return to preoperative level of recreational and military job activity and low risk of complications. [
Orthopedics
. 2021;44(3):e326–e330.]
Modified Stoppa Approach for the Treatment of Complex Acetabular Fractures
Authors: Salama Wael , Hosny Hossam , Mohamed Mohamed Ali , Noaman Hassan H. , Mousa Shazly
Published: May 2021

Complex acetabular fractures are due to high-energy trauma in most cases. The operative management of these types of fractures is often difficult and technically challenging. Almost all of these types of fractures are treated through extensile approaches, and a variety of them have been described. Some of these approaches are associated with complications such as infection, heterotopic ossification, and increased blood loss in addition to increased operative time. This retrospective study was performed at an academic Level I trauma center. From January 2013 to March 2019, 21 patients with complex acetabular fractures were treated with open reduction and internal fixation through a single anterior modified Stoppa approach. The average operative time was 98.80 minutes (range, 60–180 minutes), the average follow-up time was 40 months (range, 24–72 months), and the average Harris Hip Score (HHS) was 87.85 (range, 75–100). At the latest follow-up, 12 (57.1%) patients had an excellent HHS, 8 (38.1%) patients had a good HHS, and 1 (4.8%) patient had a fair HHS. Complex acetabular fractures can be effectively managed by a modified Stoppa approach without the need for extensile or combined approaches. [
Orthopedics
. 2021;44(3):e353–e358.]
Operating Room and Hospital Air Environment
Authors: Coury John G. , Lum Zachary C. , Dunn Jacob G. , Huff Kathryn E. , Lara Daniel L. , Trzeciak Marc A.
Published: May 2021

One method of preventing surgical-site infection is lowering intraoperative environmental contamination. The authors sought to evaluate their hospital's operating room (OR) contamination rate and compare it with the remainder of the hospital. They tested environmental contamination in preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative settings for a total joint arthroplasty patient. A total of 190 air settle plates composed of trypsin soy agar were placed in 19 settings within the hospital. Locations included the OR with light and heavy traffic, with and without masks, jackets, and shoe covers; the substerile room; OR hallways; the sterile equipment processing center; preoperative areas; post-anesthesia care units; orthopedic floors; the emergency department; OR locker rooms and restrooms; a resident's home; and controls. The trypsin soy agar plates were incubated at 36 °C for 48 hours. Colony counts were performed for each plate. Average colony-forming units (CFUs) were calculated in each setting. The highest CFUs were in the OR locker room, at 28 CFUs per plate per hour. Preoperative and post-anesthesia care unit holding areas were 7.4 CFUs and 9.6 CFUs, respectively. The main orthopedic surgical ward had 10.0 CFUs per plate per hour, whereas the VIP hospital ward had 17.0 CFUs per plate per hour. All OR environments had low CFUs. A live OR had slightly higher CFUs than settings without OR personnel. In comparison with the local community household, the OR locker room, restrooms, hospital orthopedic wards, emergency department, preoperative holding, post-anesthesia care unit, and OR hallway all had higher airborne contamination. On the basis of these results, the authors recommend environmental sampling as a simple, fast, inexpensive tool for monitoring airborne contamination. [
Orthopedics
. 2021;44(3):e414–e416.]
The Effect of Perioperative Ketorolac Administration on Opioid Use After Hip Arthroscopy
Authors: Cunningham Daniel , Lewis Brian
Published: May 2021

Patients undergoing hip arthroscopy often have postoperative pain that is managed in part with opioids. The hypothesis of this study was that administration of ketorolac at the conclusion of the case may improve postoperative pain control and reduce opioid use. This investigation was a retrospective, observational study of opioid use, pain, and time spent in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) among opioid-naïve patients undergoing primary hip arthroscopy (
Current Procedural Terminology
code 29914 or 29916) for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome before and after the institution of a surgeon-driven policy to administer ketorolac at the end of the case. Baseline characteristics and perioperative ketorolac administration were recorded. Outcomes included opioids used in the PACU through discharge measured in oral morphine equivalents, time spent in the PACU, and pain reported by the patient in the PACU. Comparative statistics, including multivariable main effects linear regression modeling, were performed to determine the effect of ketorolac administration on outcomes. Patients who did not receive ketorolac consumed a median of 22.5 oral morphine equivalents in the PACU through discharge, whereas patients who received ketorolac consumed a median of 17.5 oral morphine equivalents. No significant difference was found in pain reported or time spent in the PACU through discharge, although the results favored ketorolac administration. This study showed a modest but statistically significant reduction in early postoperative opioid use among patients receiving ketorolac at closure. Ketorolac could be part of a multimodal preemptive pain management strategy to help to reduce postoperative opioid use. [
Orthopedics
. 2021;44(3):e417–e421.]
Pharmacogenomics in Older Adults: An Integrative Review
Authors: Inventor Ben R. , Paun Olimpia
Published: May 2021

Through pharmacogenomics testing, identifying genetic variants that influence how individuals respond to medications could potentially decrease the “trial and error” approach to prescribing medications, maximize beneficial effects, and reduce risks of adverse drug events. Yet, pharmacogenomics testing is still subject to an ongoing debate over its clinical validity and utility. The purpose of the current integrative review was to examine and synthesize evidence on the clinical application of pharmacogenomics in medication management among older adults. Gaps were found, such as lack of studies investigating the prospective use of pharmacogenomics testing to improve clinical outcomes and lack of strong evidence on the clinical validity and utility of pharmacogenomics testing in the medication management of older adults. However, the review identified evidence for the potential benefits of pharmacogenomics testing to improve older adults' clinical outcomes that warrant further investigation. [
Research in Gerontological Nursing, 14
(4), 211–220.]
Vulnerabilidad, precarización e injusticias interseccionales: notas para una filosofía política feminista
Authors: Sales Gelabert Tomeu
Published: May 2021

El presente texto explora el potencial de una filosofía política de la vulnerabilidad, feminista e igualitaria, centrada en analizar, publicitar y criticar los procesos de producción masiva de precaridad. Se identifica la intersección de los principales ejes de poder como productora de desigualdades interseccionales, siguiendo el enfoque interseccional de P. H. Collins y N. Yuval-Davis. Se conectan las situaciones de vulnerabilidad/precaridad inducida con la dimensión normativa a través del concepto de injusticia interseccional siguiendo la aportación de I. M. Young. Se concluye con un balance de la nueva ontología social y política de la vulnerabilidad como base para una filosofía política feminista.