bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Alternative Methods for Toothbrush Disinfection: AnIn VitroStudy
Authors: Peker Ilkay , Akca Gulcin , Sarikir Cigdem , Toraman Alkurt Meryem , Celik Irem
Published: May 2014

Objective.This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of alternative methods for toothbrush disinfection.Methods.Two-hundred eighty toothbrushes were included in the study. The toothbrushes were divided into 7 groups and were contaminated by standardized suspensions ofLactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus), Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus),andEscherichia coli (E. coli). The following disinfectants were tested: 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 100% and 50% white vinegar, microwave (MW) oven, ultraviolet (UV) sanitizer, and mouth rinse-containing propolis (MCP). Data were analyzed with Kruskal Wallis and Dunn’s tests.Results.Statistically significant differences were found between different methods and control group for all tested bacteria. There were statistically significant differences between all test groups for all microorganisms. MW was the most effective forL. rhamnosusand 100% white vinegar was the most effective method forS. mutansandS. aureus. NaOCl was the most effective forE. coli.Conclusion.This study showed that 100% white vinegar was considered to be effective for tested microorganisms. Similarly, 1% NaOCl is cost-effective, easily accessible, and comparatively effective for toothbrush disinfection. Because these agents are nontoxic, cost-effective and easily accessible, they may be appropriate for household use.
ADe NovoGenome Assembly Algorithm for Repeats and Nonrepeats
Authors: Lian Shuaibin , Li Qingyan , Dai Zhiming , Xiang Qian , Dai Xianhua
Published: May 2014

Background.Next generation sequencing platforms can generate shorter reads, deeper coverage, and higher throughput than those of the Sanger sequencing. These short reads may be assembledde novobefore some specific genome analyses. Up to now, the performances of assembling repeats of these current assemblers are very poor.Results.To improve this problem, we proposed a new genome assembly algorithm, named SWA, which has four properties: (1) assembling repeats and nonrepeats; (2) adopting a new overlapping extension strategy to extend each seed; (3) adopting sliding window to filter out the sequencing bias; and (4) proposing a compensational mechanism for low coverage datasets. SWA was evaluated and validated in both simulations and real sequencing datasets. The accuracy of assembling repeats and estimating the copy numbers is up to 99% and 100%, respectively. Finally, the extensive comparisons with other eight leading assemblers show that SWA outperformed others in terms of completeness and correctness of assembling repeats and nonrepeats.Conclusions.This paper proposed a newde novogenome assembly method for resolving complex repeats. SWA not only can detect where repeats or nonrepeats are but also can assemble them completely from NGS data, especially for assembling repeats. This is the advantage over other assemblers.
How Investor Structure Influences the Yield, Information Dissemination Efficiency, and Liquidity
Authors: Che Hongli , Xiong Xiong , Yang Juntian , Zhang Wei , Zhang Yongjie
Published: May 2014

This essay focuses on the investor structure of the stock index futures market and uses agent-based computational finance method to discuss how the volume-synchronized probability of informed trading (VPIN) affects market absolute yield, information dissemination efficiency, and liquidity with different ratios of informed traders in the market. The result shows that the higher the proportion of informed traders is, the more the volatility of the market is. Furthermore, the result indicates that when the proportion of informed traders in the stock index futures market accounts for 1/3-1/2, the transparency and liquidity of the market will be better.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Crystal Structure of Negundoside (2′-p-Hydroxybenzoyl Mussaenosidic Acid)
Authors: Sharma Suresh , Gupta B. D. , Kant Rajni , Gupta Vivek K.
Published: May 2014

The structure of title compound Negundoside (2′-p-hydroxybenzoyl mussaenosidic acid) was established by spectral and X-ray diffraction studies. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system with space group P21 having unit cell parameters: a=11.6201 (5) Å, b=9.2500 (4) Å, c=12.2516 (5) Å, β=97.793 (4)°, and Z=2. The crystal structure was solved by direct method using single crystal X-ray diffraction data collected at room temperature and refined by full-matrix least-squares procedures to a final R value of 0.0520 for 3389 observed reflections.
From Childhood Migraine Headache to Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Hazimeh Y. M. , Luidens M. , Ehlers M. E. , Sharma V.
Published: May 2014

Pheochromocytoma may have multiple clinical manifestations including paroxysmal hypertension, tachycardia, sweating, nausea, and headache (Phillips et al., 2002). Migraine has some of the manifestations seen with pheochromocytoma. We describe a patient who had a history of migraine headaches since childhood and was found to have pheochromocytoma. Resection of her tumor significantly improved her headache. The diagnoses of pheochromocytoma subsequently lead to diagnosing her with medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN-2A).
Global Bifurcation of Positive Solutions of Asymptotically Linear Elliptic Problems
Authors: Ma Ruyun , Lu Yanqiong , Chen Ruipeng
Published: May 2014

We are concerned with determining values ofλ, for which there exist positive solutions of the nonlinear elliptic problem-Δu=λa(x)f(u)  in  Ω,∂u/∂n+b(x)g(u)=0  on  ∂Ω.The proof of our main results is based upon unilateral global bifurcation theorem of López-Gómez.
Pulsatile Non-Newtonian Laminar Blood Flows through Arterial Double Stenoses
Authors: Rabby Mir Golam , Shupti Sumaia Parveen , Molla Md. Mamun
Published: May 2014

The paper presents a numerical investigation of non-Newtonian modeling effects on unsteady periodic flows in a two-dimensional (2D) pipe with two idealized stenoses of 75% and 50% degrees, respectively. The governing Navier-Stokes equations have been modified using the Cartesian curvilinear coordinates to handle complex geometries. The investigation has been carried out to characterize four different non-Newtonian constitutive equations of blood, namely, the (i) Carreau, (ii) Cross, (iii) Modified Casson, and (iv) Quemada models. The Newtonian model has also been analyzed to study the physics of fluid and the results are compared with the non-Newtonian viscosity models. The numerical results are represented in terms of streamwise velocity, pressure distribution, and wall shear stress (WSS) as well as the vorticity, streamlines, and vector plots indicating recirculation zones at the poststenotic region. The results of this study demonstrate a lower risk of thrombogenesis at the downstream of stenoses and inadequate blood supply to different organs of human body in the Newtonian model compared to the non-Newtonian ones.
A Hybrid Approach by Integrating Brain Storm Optimization Algorithm with Grey Neural Network for Stock Index Forecasting
Authors: Sun Yanqiu
Published: May 2014

Stock index forecasting is an important tool for both the investors and the government organizations. However, due to the inherent large volatility, high noise, and nonlinearity of the stock index, stock index forecasting has been a challenging task for a long time. This paper aims to develop a novel hybrid stock index forecasting model named BSO-GNN based on the brain storm optimization (BSO) approach and the grey neural network (GNN) model by taking full advantage of the grey model in dealing with data with small samples and the neural network in handling nonlinear fitting problems. Moreover, the new developed BSO-GNN, which initializes the parameters in grey neural network with the BSO algorithm, has great capability in overcoming the deficiencies of the traditional GNN model with randomly initialized parameters through solving the local optimum and low forecasting accuracy problems. The performance of the proposed BSO-GNN model is evaluated under the normalization and nonnormalization preprocessing situations. Experimental results from the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) Composite Index, the Shenzhen Composite Index, and the HuShen 300 Index opening price forecasting show that the proposed BSO-GNN model is effective and robust in the stock index forecasting and superior to the individual GNN model.
Experimental Study of Laser Cladding Methods on Water Erosion Resistance to Low Pressure Blades Materials of Steam Turbine
Authors: Zhang Di , Zhao Pengfei , Zhao Wei , Luo Yaoyuan , Xie Yonghui
Published: May 2014

An experimental apparatus was built to study the effects of liquid-solid impact on laser cladding processing specimens of 17-4PH stainless steel material in the present investigation. Then the result of specimens without laser surface process was compared. The impact effect on the specimens was observed using the three-dimensional digital microscope. The depth of laser cladding and substrate material caused by liquid droplet impact was studied in detail and measured. The accuracy and reliability of the experimental system and computing methods were also verified. The depth of the impact area of laser cladding specimens was distributed in the range of 0.5–1.5 μm while the 17-4PH group was distributed in the range of 2.5–3.5 μm. In contrast with specimens without laser surface processing, the material processed by laser cladding has significantly higher resistance to water erosion.
Research on Distribution Network Security Analysis Based onK(N-1+k)Criterion and Rank Preference Optimal Ordering
Authors: Zengping Wang , Yuhai Yao , Junya Yu , Chentai Yun
Published: May 2014

The objective of security analysis is to find the weak link of distribution network. TheK(N-1+k)criterion based on the characteristics of distribution network was proposed for distribution network security analysis. According to theK(N-1+k)criterion, the electrical devices in the contingency set can be classified into two kinds. The first kind meets the requirement of theK(N-1+k)criterion. The rank preference optimal ordering (RPOO) was proposed to evaluate the damage degree of power system. The second kind does not meet the requirement of theK(N-1+k)criterion, and it is the weak link of distribution network. A numerical experiment shows that the method is efficient and feasible, and the proposed method can provide assistant decision-making for safety precautions.
Dynamic Behaviors of Holling Type II Predator-Prey System with Mutual Interference and Impulses
Authors: Li Hongli , Zhang Long , Teng Zhidong , Jiang Yaolin
Published: May 2014

A class of Holling type II predator-prey systems with mutual interference and impulses is presented. Sufficient conditions for the permanence, extinction, and global attractivity of system are obtained. The existence and uniqueness of positive periodic solution are also established. Numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the theoretical results. Meanwhile, they indicate that dynamics of species are very sensitive with the period matching between species’ intrinsic disciplinarians and the perturbations from the variable environment. If the periods between individual growth and impulse perturbations match well, then the dynamics of species periodically change. If they mismatch each other, the dynamics differ from period to period until there is chaos.
Layer-by-Layer Assembly and Photocatalytic Activity of Titania Nanosheets on Coal Fly Ash Microspheres
Authors: Cui Xing , Shi Jianwen , Ye Zhilong , Zhang Zhaoji , Xu Bin , Chen Shaohua
Published: May 2014

In order to address the problem with titania distribution and recovery, series of Ti0.91O2/CFA photocatalysts (Ti0.91O2/CFA-n,n=2,4,6,and8) were fabricated by assembling Ti0.91O2nanosheets on coal fly ash (CFA) microspheres via the layer-by-layer assembly (LBLA) process and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), N2-sorption, and ultraviolet-visible absorption (UV-vis) techniques. The SEM images and UV-vis spectra illustrated that Ti0.91O2nanosheets were immobilized successfully on the CFA by the LBLA approach and changed the characteristics of CFA noticeably. The photocatalytic activity of Ti0.91O2/CFA was evaluated by the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) under UV irradiation. The results demonstrated that Ti0.91O2/CFA-6 showed the best photocatalytic activity among the series of Ti0.91O2/CFA irradiated for 60 min, with a decoloration rate above 43%. After photocatalysis, the Ti0.91O2/CFA could be easily separated and recycled from aqueous solution and Ti0.91O2nanosheets were still anchored on the CFA.
Demazure Descent and Representations of Reductive Groups
Authors: Arkhipov Sergey , Kanstrup Tina
Published: May 2014

We introduce the notion of Demazure descent data on a triangulated category C and define the descent category for such data. We illustrate the definition by our basic example. Let G be a reductive algebraic group with a Borel subgroup B. Demazure functors form Demazure descent data on DbRepB and the descent category is equivalent to DbRepG.
Output Feedback Fractional-Order Nonsingular Terminal Sliding Mode Control of Underwater Remotely Operated Vehicles
Authors: Wang Yaoyao , Chen Jiawang , Gu Linyi
Published: May 2014

For the 4-DOF (degrees of freedom) trajectory tracking control problem of underwater remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) in the presence of model uncertainties and external disturbances, a novel output feedback fractional-order nonsingular terminal sliding mode control (FO-NTSMC) technique is introduced in light of the equivalent output injection sliding mode observer (SMO) and TSMC principle and fractional calculus technology. The equivalent output injection SMO is applied to reconstruct the full states in finite time. Meanwhile, the FO-NTSMC algorithm, based on a new proposed fractional-order switching manifold, is designed to stabilize the tracking error to equilibrium points in finite time. The corresponding stability analysis of the closed-loop system is presented using the fractional-order version of the Lyapunov stability theory. Comparative numerical simulation results are presented and analyzed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Finally, it is noteworthy that the proposed output feedback FO-NTSMC technique can be used to control a broad range of nonlinear second-order dynamical systems in finite time.
Prestress Force Identification for Externally Prestressed Concrete Beam Based on Frequency Equation and Measured Frequencies
Authors: Shi Luning , He Haoxiang , Yan Weiming
Published: May 2014

A prestress force identification method for externally prestressed concrete uniform beam based on the frequency equation and the measured frequencies is developed. For the purpose of the prestress force identification accuracy, we first look for the appropriate method to solve the free vibration equation of externally prestressed concrete beam and then combine the measured frequencies with frequency equation to identify the prestress force. To obtain the exact solution of the free vibration equation of multispan externally prestressed concrete beam, an analytical model of externally prestressed concrete beam is set up based on the Bernoulli‐Euler beam theory and the function relation between prestress variation and vibration displacement is built. The multispan externally prestressed concrete beam is taken as the multiple single‐span beams which must meet the bending moment and rotation angle boundary conditions, the free vibration equation is solved using sublevel simultaneous method and the semi‐analytical solution of the free vibration equation which considered the influence of prestress on section rigidity and beam length is obtained. Taking simply supported concrete beam and two‐span concrete beam with external tendons as examples, frequency function curves are obtained with the measured frequencies into it and the prestress force can be identified using the abscissa of the crosspoint of frequency functions. Identification value of the prestress force is in good agreement with the test results. The method can accurately identify prestress force of externally prestressed concrete beam and trace the trend of effective prestress force.
On the Solution of NBVP for Multidimensional Hyperbolic Equations
Authors: Ashyralyev Allaberen , Aggez Necmettin
Published: May 2014

We are interested in studying multidimensional hyperbolic equations with nonlocal integral and Neumann or nonclassical conditions. For the approximate solution of this problem first and second order of accuracy difference schemes are presented. Stability estimates for the solution of these difference schemes are established. Some numerical examples illustrating applicability of these methods to hyperbolic problems are given.
TheF-Analogue of Riordan Representation of Pascal Matrices via Fibonomial Coefficients
Authors: Tuglu Naim , Yesil Fatma , Kocer E. Gokcen , Dziemiańczuk Maciej
Published: May 2014

We study an analogue of Riordan representation of Pascal matrices via Fibonomial coefficients. In particular, we establish a relationship between the Riordan array and Fibonomial coefficients, and we show that such Pascal matrices can be represented by anF-Riordan pair.
Paving the Way for Speech: Voice-Training-Induced Plasticity in Chronic Aphasia and Apraxia of Speech—Three Single Cases
Authors: Jungblut Monika , Huber Walter , Mais Christiane , Schnitker Ralph
Published: May 2014

Difficulties with temporal coordination or sequencing of speech movements are frequently reported in aphasia patients with concomitant apraxia of speech (AOS). Our major objective was to investigate the effects of specific rhythmic-melodic voice training on brain activation of those patients. Three patients with severe chronic nonfluent aphasia and AOS were included in this study. Before and after therapy, patients underwent the same fMRI procedure as 30 healthy control subjects in our prestudy, which investigated the neural substrates of sung vowel changes in untrained rhythm sequences. A main finding was that post-minus pretreatment imaging data yielded significant perilesional activations in all patients for example, in the left superior temporal gyrus, whereas the reverse subtraction revealed either no significant activation or right hemisphere activation. Likewise, pre- and posttreatment assessments of patients’ vocal rhythm production, language, and speech motor performance yielded significant improvements for all patients. Our results suggest that changes in brain activation due to the applied training might indicate specific processes of reorganization, for example, improved temporal sequencing of sublexical speech components. In this context, a training that focuses on rhythmic singing with differently demanding complexity levels as concerns motor and cognitive capabilities seems to support paving the way for speech.
On Radial Distribution of Julia Sets of Solutions to Certain Second Order Complex Linear Differential Equations
Authors: Zhang Guowei , Wang Jian , Yang Lianzhong
Published: May 2014

We mainly investigate the radial distribution of the Julia set of entire solutions to a special second order complex linear differential equation, one of the entire coefficients of which has a finite deficient value.
Micronucleated Erythrocytes in Newborn Rats Exposed to Raltegravir Placental Transfer
Authors: Torres-Mendoza Blanca Miriam , Coronado-Medina Damharis Elizabeth , Gómez-Meda Belinda Claudia , Vázquez-Valls Eduardo , Zamora-Perez Ana Lourdes , Lemus-Varela María de Lourdes , Zúñiga-González Guillermo Moisés
Published: May 2014

The use of raltegravir in treating HIV/AIDS has been proposed due to its effectiveness in suppressing high loads of HIV RNA in pregnant women, thus preventing infection of the fetus. However, administration of raltegravir during pregnancy produces a compound which is transferred to high concentrations to the offspring. The objective of this study is to evaluate the transplacental genotoxic effect of raltegravir in newborn rats. We evaluated the number of micronucleated erythrocytes (MNE), micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE), and polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) in the peripheral blood samples of the offspring of Wistar rats treated 6 days before birth with oral administration of raltegravir. The animals were randomly assigned to five groups as follows: raltegravir at doses of 15, 30, or 60 mg/day, cyclophosphamide 10 mg/kg (positive control), or 0.5 ml of sterile water (negative control). In addition, the effect of these drugs on the weight and height of newborns was assessed. There were no differences in the number of MNE, MNPCE, and PCE, and a slight decrease in the weight and height was observed in the offspring of the rat mothers treated with raltegravir. Genotoxicity studies are required in pregnant women to determine the risk of using raltegravir to the fetuses.
Iterative Learning Control of Hysteresis in Piezoelectric Actuators
Authors: Zhang Guilin , Zhang Chengjin , Wang Chaoyang
Published: May 2014

We develop convergence criteria of an iterative learning control on the whole desired trajectory to obtain the hysteresis‐compensating feedforward
input in hysteretic systems. In the analysis, the Prandtl‐Ishlinskii model is utilized to capture the nonlinear behavior in piezoelectric actuators. Finally, we apply the control algorithm to an experimental piezoelectric actuator and conclude that the tracking error is reduced to 0.15% of the total displacement, which is approximately the noise level of the sensor measurement.
Predictors of Inpatient Utilization among Veterans with Dementia
Authors: Godwin Kyler M. , Morgan Robert O. , Walder Annette , Bass David M. , Judge Katherine S. , Wilson Nancy , Snow A. Lynn , Kunik Mark E.
Published: May 2014

Dementia is prevalent and costly, yet the predictors of inpatient hospitalization are not well understood. Logistic and negative binomial regressions were used to identify predictors of inpatient hospital utilization and the frequency of inpatient hospital utilization, respectively, among veterans. Variables significant at theP<0.15level were subsequently analyzed in a multivariate regression. This study of veterans with a diagnosis of dementia (n=296) and their caregivers found marital status to predict hospitalization in the multivariate logistic model (B=0.493,P=0.029) and personal-care dependency to predict hospitalization and readmission in the multivariate logistic model and the multivariate negative binomial model (B=1.048,P=0.007,B=0.040, andP=0.035, resp.). Persons with dementia with personal-care dependency and spousal caregivers have more inpatient admissions; appropriate care environments should receive special care to reduce hospitalization. This study was part of a larger clinical trial; this trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.govNCT00291161.
Characterizations of Ordered Semigroups by New Type of Interval Valued Fuzzy Quasi-Ideals
Authors: Tang Jian , Xie Xiangyun , Luo Yanfeng
Published: May 2014

The concept of non-k-quasi-coincidence of an interval valued ordered fuzzy point with an interval valued fuzzy set is considered. In fact, this concept is a generalized concept of the non-k-quasi-coincidence of a fuzzy point with a fuzzy set. By using this new concept, we introduce the notion of interval valued(∈¯,∈¯∨qk~¯)-fuzzy quasi-ideals of ordered semigroups and study their related properties. In addition, we also introduce the concepts of prime and completely semiprime interval valued(∈¯,∈¯∨qk~¯)-fuzzy quasi-ideals of ordered semigroups and characterize bi-regular ordered semigroups in terms of completely semiprime interval valued(∈¯,∈¯∨qk~¯)-fuzzy quasi-ideals. Furthermore, some new characterizations of regular and intra-regular ordered semigroups by the properties of interval valued(∈¯,∈¯∨qk~¯)-fuzzy quasi-ideals are given.
Genetic Variations of Cytokines and Cytokine Receptors in Psoriasis Patients from China
Authors: Li Xiao-Lan , Wu Chun-Feng , Wu Gui-Sheng
Published: May 2014

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory and hyperproliferative skin disease affected by both genetic and environmental factors. The aim of the present study was to investigate polymorphisms in a candidate gene family of interleukin (IL) in unrelated Chinese patients with psoriasis and control subjects without psoriasis. In this case-control study, 200 unrelated Chinese psoriasis patients and 298 age- and sex-matched control subjects were enrolled. Genomic DNA was prepared from peripheral blood obtained from all psoriasis patients and control subjects. We genotyped seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate genes of six ILs: IL4, IL10, IL12B, IL13, IL15, and IL23R, which have been shown in the literature to be associated with psoriasis in other ethnic groups. Among the seven SNPs in the six IL genes studied, only the rs3212227 in the IL12B gene was found to be associated with psoriasis at genotypic level in the studied population. The C/C genotype in the IL12B gene is a protective factor of psoriasis (P = 0.0218; OR = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.27–0.96) in Chinese. Furthermore, the studied Chinese population has extremely low minor allele frequency for IL23R. Together, the data reveal unique genetic patterns in Chinese that may be in part responsible for the lower risk for psoriasis in this population.
A Simplified Approach for Two-Dimensional Optimal Controlled Sampling Designs
Authors: Tiwari Neeraj , Chilwal Akhil
Published: May 2014

Controlled sampling is a unique method of sample selection that minimizes the probability of selecting nondesirable combinations of units. Extending the concept of linear programming with an effective distance measure, we propose a simple method for two-dimensional optimal controlled selection that ensures zero probability to nondesired samples. Alternative estimators for population total and its variance have also been suggested. Some numerical examples have been considered to demonstrate the utility of the proposed procedure in comparison to the existing procedures.
Evaluation of Alexithymia, Somatosensory Sensitivity, and Health Anxiety Levels in Patients with Noncardiac Chest Pain
Authors: Bozkurt Zincir Selma , Sunbul Murat , Aydin Sunbul Esra , Dalkilic Bahar , Cengiz Fatma , Kivrak Tarik , Durmus Erdal
Published: May 2014

Objective.Noncardiac chest pain (NCCP) is seen more frequently in young population and in these patients loss of function is evolving in social and professional areas. The aim of the study is to evaluate the levels of anxiety and somatic perception in patients with chest pain presenting to cardiology clinic.Methods.Fifty-one patients with noncardiac chest pain and 51 healthy controls were included in the study. All participants performed self-report based health anxiety inventory (HAI), somatosensory amplification scale (SAS), and Toronto alexithymia scale (TAS).Results.The patient group had significantly higher scores on the SAS, HAI-1, and HAI-T scales compared to controls (P<0.001,P=0.006, andP=0.038, resp.). SAS, HAI-1, and HAI-T scores were significantly higher in female patients than male (P=0.002, 0.036, and 0.039, resp.). There were significant differences in all TAS subscale scores between two groups. Patients, who had total TAS score more than 50, also presented higher levels of health anxiety (P=0.045).Conclusions.Anxiety, somatic symptoms, and the exaggerated sense of bodily sensations are common in patients with NCCP. These patients unnecessarily occupy the cardiology outpatient clinics. These negative results can be eliminated when consultation-liaison psychiatry evaluates these patients in collaboration with cardiology departments.
Continuous Hesitant Fuzzy Aggregation Operators and Their Application to Decision Making under Interval-Valued Hesitant Fuzzy Setting
Authors: Peng Ding-Hong , Wang Tie-Dan , Gao Chang-Yuan , Wang Hua
Published: May 2014

Interval-valued hesitant fuzzy set (IVHFS), which is the further generalization of hesitant fuzzy set, can overcome the barrier that the precise membership degrees are sometimes hard to be specified and permit the membership degrees of an element to a set to have a few different interval values. To efficiently and effectively aggregate the interval-valued hesitant fuzzy information, in this paper, we investigate the continuous hesitant fuzzy aggregation operators with the aid of continuous OWA operator; the C-HFOWA operator and C-HFOWG operator are presented and their essential properties are studied in detail. Then, we extend the C-HFOW operators to aggregate multiple interval-valued hesitant fuzzy elements and then develop the weighted C-HFOW (WC-HFOWA and WC-HFOWG) operators, the ordered weighted C-HFOW (OWC-HFOWA and OWC-HFOWG) operators, and the synergetic weighted C-HFOWA (SWC-HFOWA and SWC-HFOWG) operators; some properties are also discussed to support them. Furthermore, a SWC-HFOW operators-based approach for multicriteria decision making problem is developed. Finally, a practical example involving the evaluation of service quality of high-tech enterprises is carried out and some comparative analyses are performed to demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the developed approaches.
Analytic Model of Microcantilevers as Low Frequency Generator
Authors: Arya Sandeep , Khan Saleem , Lehana Parveen
Published: May 2014

Finite element method (FEM) based simulation has been carried out, and an analytic model of microcantilevers using piezoelectric excitations is proposed. The model is based on the type of the selected material and geometry of the structure. The investigations are carried out with rectangular microcantilevers using silicon as the substrate. The high frequency analytic signals are applied to the input piezoelectric electrodes, and the resultant signal generated at the output piezoelectric electrode is recorded and analyzed. The analysis of the results showed that the proposed system is capable of generating a low frequency signal. Two microcantilevers with different dimensional aspects are used, and the results verified the application of microcantilever array as a low frequency signal generator.
Inflammatory Response in the Anterior Chamber after Implantation of an Angle-Supported Lens in Phakic Myopic Eyes
Authors: Taneri Suphi , Oehler Saskia , Heinz Carsten
Published: May 2014

Purpose. To evaluate the inflammatory reaction after implantation of an angle-supported foldable acrylic anterior chamber IOL for myopia correction over time.Methods. Adult individuals seeking vision correction with stable myopia >7.0 D were included. Exclusion criteria are anterior chamber depth <2.8 mm, insufficient endothelial cell density, other preexisting ocular conditions, and prior eye surgery. Laser flare photometry and slitlamp examination were performed before and up to 1 year after implantation of an AcrySof Cachet IOL (Alcon Laboratories, Forth Worth, TX, USA). Postoperative treatment comprised antibiotic eye-drops for 5 days and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory eye-drops (NSAIDs) for 4 weeks.Results. Average laser flare values of 15 consecutive eyes of 15 patients were8.3±9.7preoperatively and19.0±24.2(1 day),24.0±27.5(1 week),17.6±13.4(1 month),14.9±15.4(3 months), and10.0±7.0(1 year) photon counts/ms after implantation, respectively. Slitlamp examination yielded 0 or 1+ cells (SUN classification) in every one eye throughout the follow-up period.Conclusion. Results indicate a low maximum inflammatory response and a quick recovery to a long-term safe level. The use of NSAIDs seems sufficient in routine cases, thus avoiding potential drawbacks of using corticoids.
On Fuzzy Positive Implicative Filters inBE-Algebras
Authors: Ahn Sun Shin , Han Jeong Soon
Published: May 2014

We study several degrees in defining a fuzzy positive implicative filter, which is a generalization of a fuzzy filter inBE-algebras.
Analysis and Extension of Safety Mechanisms for Standardized Control Networks in Smart Grid
Authors: Wu Jun , Guan Zhitao , Zhan Ming , Li Jianhua , Su Yuwei
Published: May 2014

In smart grid, standardized control networks are typical safety critical components which are under the environments with strong noise and interferences. This paper focuses on the safety mechanisms of standardized control networks in smart grid. The underlying safety mechanisms of standardized wired control networks are analyzed deeply. More importantly, there are very few works considering the safety extensions for wireless control networks. To address this, we propose a combined cyclic redundancy check (CRC) based safety extension mechanism. In addition, key points and open issues of safety-related mechanisms are discussed. To evaluate the safety of the proposed combined CRC mechanism for wireless control networks, error correction capability simulation is performed, which validates the effectiveness of the proposed scheme under the typical noisy background in smart grid. The result supports the usefulness and feasibility of our scheme. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first to focus deeply on the safety mechanisms for standardized control network in smart grid, especially for the safety extension scheme for wireless control networks.
Huge Intrathoracic Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor in an Adolescent with Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Yoon Jong Hyung , Lee Hyun-Sung , Chun Jong In , Park Seog-Yun , Park Hyeon Jin , Park Byung-Kiu
Published: May 2014

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a rare soft tissue malignancy usually found in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) with a poor outcome. Although MPNST can be found in any part of the body including head and neck or extremities, intrathoracic MPNST with or without NF1 is uncommon, especially in children or adolescents. Reported herein is a case of huge intrathoracic MPNST in a 16-year-old girl with NF1, and a brief review of the literature.
The Removal of Uranium onto Nanoscale Zero‐Valent Iron Particles in Anoxic Batch Systems
Authors: Crane Richard A. , Scott Thomas B.
Published: May 2014

The removal of uranium (U) onto nanoscale zero‐valent iron particles has been studied for uranium‐bearing mine water and synthetic uranyl solutions in the presence and absence of dissolved oxygen. The work has been conducted in order to investigate the differential nanoparticle corrosion behaviour and associated mechanisms of U removal behaviour in conditions representative of near‐surface and deep groundwater systems. Batch systems were analysed over a 28‐day reaction period during which the liquid and nanoparticulate solids were periodically analysed to determine chemical evolution of the solutions and particulates. Analysis of aqueous samples using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry recorded near‐total U removal after 1 hour of reaction in all systems studied. However, in the latter stages of the reaction (after 48 hours), significant rerelease of uranium was recorded for the mine water batch system with dissolved O2 present. In contrast, less than 2% uranium rerelease was recorded for the anoxic batch system. Concurrent analysis of extracted nanoparticle solids using X‐ray diffraction recorded significantly slower corrosion of the nanoparticles in the anoxic batch system, with residual metallic iron maintained until after 28 days of reaction compared to only 7 days of reaction in systems with dissolved O2 present. Results provide clear evidence that the corrosion lifespan and associated U6+ removal efficacy of nanoscale zero‐valent iron replace enhanced in the absence of dissolved oxygen.
A Population-Based Study on Gestational Weight Gain according to Body Mass Index in the Southeast of Brazil
Authors: Godoy Ana Carolina , Nascimento Simony Lira , Kasawara Karina Tamy , Hatsue Oushiro Nathalia , Surita Fernanda Garanhani
Published: May 2014

Gestational weight gain (GWG) may interfere in perinatal outcomes and also cause future problems throughout woman’s life. The aim of this population-based study is to evaluate the GWG in Campinas city, southeast of Brazil. A total of 1052 women, who delivered in the three major maternity hospitals in Campinas, were interviewed during postpartum period. The general average of GWG was 13.08±6.08. Of total women, 13.6% were obese and 24.6% were overweight and, in these groups, 55.9% and 53.7%, respectively, exceeded GWG according to the Institute of Medicine recommendations. 6.2% of total women had low body mass index (BMI) and 35.5% in this group had insufficient GWG. Overweight and obese women had a higher risk of excessive GWG and delivery by c-section. The c-section rate was 58.9% and increased according to GWG. Prematurity was more prevalent first in obese and then in low BMI women. Considering the high BMI in women in reproductive age, it is necessary to take effective guidelines about lifestyle and nutritional orientation in order to help women reach adequate GWG. All of them could improve prenatal outcomes and women’s heath as a whole.
Twice Deployment Node Balance Algorithm for Road Network Surveillance
Authors: Chen Liangyin , Li Yecheng , Li Zhanghua , Li Wenke , Su Panlan , Cheng Hua , Luo Qian , Yin Feng , Jiang Yushi
Published: May 2014

This paper proposes a twice deployment node balance algorithm (TDNB) which guarantees successful detection of the moving target on road networks. Through dividing the deployment of the sensor nodes into two phases instead of deploying all the sensors at one time, TDNB has a better performance. In the former phase, some of the sensors are deployed on the road at random. In the latter phase, the rest of the sensors are deployed on demand to make the number on each path the same. Due to the equivalence of the node's number, the network will have a prolonged lifetime after inserting nodes into the segment according to this algorithm. TDNB extends the network's lifetime remarkably compared with the former algorithms. Furthermore, TDNB enables us to insert nodes to the segment required in the network instead of all the segments, which reduces the workload to a large extent. In short, without increasing the number of sensors in road network, TDNB has a better performance compared to VISA in terms of network lifetime, which meets the demand for persistent monitoring application.
The Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy
Authors: Fappi Alan , Godoy Tiago S. , Maximino Jessica R. , Rizzato Vanessa R. , Neves Juliana de C. , Chadi Gerson , Zanoteli Edmar
Published: May 2014

Corticosteroids cause muscle atrophy by acting on proteasomal and lysosomal systems and by affecting pathways related to muscular trophysm, such as the IGF-1/PI-3k/Akt/mTOR. Omega-3 fatty acid (n-3) has been used beneficially to attenuate muscle atrophy linked to sepsis and cachexia; however, its effect on dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy has not been evaluated.Objectives. We evaluated whether n-3 supplementation could mitigate the development of dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy.Methods. Two groups ofWistarrats were orally supplemented with n-3 or vehicle solution for 40 days. In the last 10 days, dexamethasone, or saline solution, was administrated establishing four groups: control, dexamethasone, n-3, and dexamethasone + n-3. The cross-sectional areas of muscle fibers, gene expression (MyoD, Myogenin, MuRF-1, andAtrogin-1), and protein expression (Akt, GSK3β, FOXO3a, and mTOR) were assessed.Results. Dexamethasone induced a significant loss in body and muscle weight, atrophy in type 2B fibers, and decreased expression of P-Akt, P-GSK3β, and P-FOXO3a. N-3 supplementation did not attenuate the negative effects of dexamethasone on skeletal muscle; instead, it caused atrophy in type 1, 2A, reduced the expression ofMyogenin, and increased the expression ofAtrogin-1.Conclusion. Food supplements containing n-3 are usually healthful, but they may potentiate some of the side effects of glucocorticoids.
Performance Evaluation of a Small Scale Modular Solar Trigeneration System
Authors: Wang Handong
Published: May 2014

In order to improve the efficiency of solar thermal power (STP) system, a novel modular system combining cooling, heating, and power generation (CCHP) is proposed and introduced in this work. This modular CCHP system can simultaneously provide 10 kW electricity, −15~5°C coolant, and 60°C hot water to meet the requirements of cooling, heating, and electricity in a general family or other fields. The flow chart and working process of the modular system are introduced, based on which the energy and exergy efficiencies at the CCHP and STP operation modes are primarily evaluated and discussed. The results show that when the output electricity is constant, the overall efficiencies of energy and exergy of the system operating at the CCHP mode are 9.37 times and 2.62 times as big as those of the system operating at the STP mode, respectively. Thus, the modular solar thermal CCHP system can improve the energy and exergy efficiencies. Furthermore, calculation shows that both the overall energy and exergy efficiencies decrease with increase of inlet vapor temperature at given inlet vapor pressure, but both the efficiencies increase with increase of inlet vapor pressure at given inlet temperature.
Xanthoceraside Ameliorates Mitochondrial Dysfunction Contributing to the Improvement of Learning and Memory Impairment in Mice with Intracerebroventricular Injection of Aβ1‐42
Authors: Ji Xue-Fei , Chi Tian-Yan , Xu Qian , He Xiao-Lu , Zhou Xiao-Yu , Zhang Rui , Zou Li-Bo
Published: May 2014

The effects of xanthoceraside on learning and memory impairment were investigated and the possible mechanism associated with the protection of mitochondria was also preliminarily explored in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mice model induced by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of Aβ1‐42. The results indicated that xanthoceraside (0.08–0.32 mg/kg) significantly improved learning and memory impairment in Morris water maze test and Y‐maze test. Xanthoceraside significantly reversed the aberrant decrease of ATP levels and attenuated the abnormal increase of ROS levels both in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in mice injected with Aβ1‐42. Moreover, xanthoceraside dose dependently reversed the decrease of COX, PDHC, and KGDHC activity in isolated cerebral cortex mitochondria of the mice compared with Aβ1‐42 injected model mice. In conclusion, xanthoceraside could improve learning and memory impairment, promote the function of mitochondria, decrease the production of ROS, and inhibit oxidative stress. The improvement effects on mitochondria may be through withstanding the damage of Aβ to mitochondrial respiratory chain and the key enzymes in Kreb’s cycle. Therefore, the results from present study and previous study indicate that xanthoceraside could be a competitive candidate for the treatment of AD.
Diffusion-Controlled Growth of Oxygen Bubble Evolved from Nanorod-Array TiO2Photoelectrode
Authors: Hu Xiaowei , Wang Yechun , Guo Liejin , Cao Zhenshan
Published: May 2014

Nanorod-array structure gains its popularity in photoelectrode design for water splitting. However, the structure’s effects on solid-liquid interface interaction and reaction product transportation still remain unsolved. Gas bubble generally evolved from photoelectrodes, which provides a starting point for the problem-solving. Based on this, investigations on the gas-evolving photoelectrode are carried out in this paper. By experimental studies of wettability on the photoelectrode nanorod-array surface and oxygen bubble growth from anode, we analyzed the interaction affecting the gas-solid-liquid contact behaviors and product transportation mechanism, which is controlled by diffusion due to the concentration gradient of dissolved gases in the aqueous electrolyte and the microconvection caused by the bubble interface movement. In the end, based on the bubble growth characteristics ofRB(t)~t0.5in the experiment, a model describing the product transport mechanism was presented.
Extended Station Blackout Coping Capabilities of APR1400
Authors: Lee Sang-Won , Hong Tae Hyub , Seo Mi-Ro , Lee Young-Seung , Kim Hyeong-Taek
Published: May 2014

The Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident shows that an extreme natural disaster can prevent the proper restoration of electric power for several days, so-called extended SBO. In Korea, the government and industry performed comprehensive special safety inspections on all domestic nuclear power plants against beyond design bases external events. One of the safety improvement action items related to the extended SBO is installation of external water injection provision and equipment to RCS and SG. In this paper, the extended SBO coping capability of APR1400 is examined using MAAP4 to assess the effectiveness of the external water injection strategy. Results show that an external injection into SG is applicable to mitigate an extended SBO scenario. However, an external injection into RCS is only effective when RCS depressurization capacity is sufficiently provided in case of high pressure scenarios. Based on the above results, the technical basis of external injection strategy will be reflected on development of revised severe accident management guideline.
A Zero‐Dissipative Phase‐Fitted Fourth Order Diagonally Implicit Runge‐Kutta‐Nyström Method for Solving Oscillatory Problems
Authors: Moo K. W. , Senu N. , Ismail F. , Suleiman M.
Published: May 2014

A new diagonally implicit Runge‐Kutta‐Nyström (DIRKN) method is constructed for solving second order differential equations with oscillatory solutions. The method is originally based on existing DIRKN method derived by Senu et al. which is three‐stage and fourth algebraic order. The new derived method has a variable coefficient with phase‐lag of order infinity. The numerical experiments are carried out and the results show the efficiency and accuracy of the new method in comparison with the other DIRKN methods in the literature.
Synthesis and Characterization of Ferrocene Derivatives and Preliminarily Electrocatalytic Oxidation of L-Cysteine at Nafion-Ferrocene Derivatives Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Yong Jianping , Jiang Xiaoyu , Wu Xiaoyuan , Huang Shuijin , Zhang Qikai , Lu Canzhong
Published: May 2014

Five new structural ferrocene derivatives (2a~2e) were firstly synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, ESI-MS, and XRD. Subsequently, the preliminarily electrocatalytic oxidation of L-cysteine (L-Cys) at nafion-ferrocene derivatives modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) has also been investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The results showed that 2e can dramatically electrocatalyze the oxidation of L-cysteine at its modified GCE in 0.1 mol L−1 NaNO3 aqueous solution with a quasireversible process with ΔEp≈55 mV.
Convergence against the Odds: The Development of Safe Country of Origin Policies in EU Member States (1990–2013)
Authors: Engelmann Claudia
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Safe country of origin (sco) policies have become very popular in many of the European countries. Scholars however disagree whether this leads to policy convergence or divergence. Based on the absence of a comprehensive dataset from which to make such a convergence/divergence observation, this paper consequently describes the development of sco policies in depth, and their variation over time and across Member States. It is observed that sco policies adopted at the domestic level are becoming increasingly similar across eu Member States, especially with regard to certain regions (the Western Balkans and West Africa). Following from these observations, several mechanisms behind the established trends are discussed. The paper is based on an original dataset of the sco designations for all eu Member States over the time period 1990–2013, as well as on interviews with ministry officials in several eu Member States.
Four new Luticola taxa (Bacillariophyta) from Maritime Antarctica
Authors: ZIDAROVA RALITSA , LEVKOV ZLATKO , VAN DE VIJVER BART
Published: May 2014

The paper describes four new Luticola taxa from the South Shetland Archipelago, Antarctica:  Luticola neglecta sp. nov., L. bogaertsiana sp. nov., L. contii sp. nov. and L. olegsakharovii sp. nov. All new taxa are studied using both light and scanning electron microscopy and compared to other morphologically similar species from (sub-)Antarctica and elsewhere in the world. Data on their ecology and biogeography are added.