bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Software-based remote memory attestation using quantum entanglement
Authors: Laeuchli Jesse , Trujillo-Rasua Rolando
Published: May 2024

Software-based remote memory attestation is a method for determining the state of a remote device without relying on secure hardware. In classical computing devices, the method is vulnerable to proxy and authentication attacks, because an infected device has no means of preventing the leak of its cryptographic secrets. In this paper, we demonstrate how these attacks can be mitigated by making use of quantum effects, while remaining within the class of software-based methods. In particular, we make use of entanglement and the inability of an attacker to clone qubits. Our proposed protocol is lightweight and can be implemented by near-term Quantum Computing techniques. The resulting protocol has the unique feature of resisting collusion between two dishonest devices, one of which has unbounded computational resources.
On matching and periodicity for $$(N,\alpha )$$-expansions
Authors: Kraaikamp Cor , Langeveld Niels
Published: May 2024

Recently a new class of continued fraction algorithms, the $$(N,\alpha $$

(
N
,
α

)-expansions, was introduced in Kraaikamp and Langeveld (J Math Anal Appl 454(1):106–126, 2017) for each $$N\in \mathbb {N}$$

N
∈
N

, $$N\ge 2$$

N
≥
2

and $$\alpha \in (0,\sqrt{N}-1]$$

α
∈
(
0
,

N

-
1
]

. Each of these continued fraction algorithms has only finitely many possible digits. These $$(N,\alpha )$$

(
N
,
α
)

-expansions ‘behave’ very different from many other (classical) continued fraction algorithms; see also Chen and Kraaikamp (Matching of orbits of certain n-expansions with a finite set of digits (2022). To appear in Tohoku Math. J arXiv:2209.08882), de Jonge and Kraaikamp (Integers 23:17, 2023), de Jonge et al. (Monatsh Math 198(1):79–119, 2022), Nakada (Tokyo J Math 4(2):399–426, 1981) for examples and results. In this paper we will show that when all digits in the digit set are co-prime with N, which occurs in specified intervals of the parameter space, something extraordinary happens. Rational numbers and certain quadratic irrationals will not have a periodic expansion. Furthermore, there are no matching intervals in these regions. This contrasts sharply with the regular continued fraction and more classical parameterised continued fraction algorithms, for which often matching is shown to hold for almost every parameter. On the other hand, for $$\alpha $$
α
small enough, all rationals have an eventually periodic expansion with period 1. This happens for all $$\alpha $$
α
when $$N=2$$

N
=
2

. We also find infinitely many matching intervals for $$N=2$$

N
=
2

, as well as rationals that are not contained in any matching interval.
Mean Girls in Disguise? Associations Between Vulnerable Narcissism and Perpetration of Bullying Among Women
Authors: Green Ava , Hart Claire M.
Published: May 2024

The literature on bullying perpetration is underpinned by gendered undertones, commonly portraying men as bullies given men’s greater tendency to exhibit stereotypically masculine and overtly grandiose features of narcissism. Due to the lack of gender-sensitive inventories employed, the association between narcissism and bullying perpetration among women remains understudied. Using an all-women sample (N = 314), the current study explored grandiose narcissism (overtly immodest and domineering) and vulnerable narcissism (hypersensitive and neurotic), the latter being more prevalent among women, in relation to bullying peers. Correlation analyses showed that vulnerable narcissism was positively associated with verbal, physical, and indirect bullying. At the subscale level, contingent self-esteem, devaluing, and entitlement rage were positively associated with all three types of bullying. Grandiose narcissism was positively associated with physical and verbal bullying, as was grandiose fantasy at the subscale level, and exploitativeness was positively associated with all three types of bullying. When grandiose and vulnerable narcissism were simultaneously entered into a regression model, only vulnerable narcissism emerged as a positive predictor of physical and verbal bullying. At the subscale level, devaluing positively predicted verbal and indirect bullying, whereas hiding the self negatively predicted indirect bullying. Expressions of vulnerable narcissism, more so than grandiose narcissism, may be relevant for bullying perpetration among women. Implications for anti-bullying interventions are discussed.
The dark side of apnea: altered 24-hour melatonin secretion in obstructive sleep apnea (OSAS) is disease severity dependent
Authors: Karel Peter , Schilperoord Mirella , Reichman Loes J. A. , Krabbe Johannes G.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Melatonin aids in the synchronization of the circadian rhythm to the external environment. Few studies have tried to elucidate the relationship between melatonin and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). These often include few patients, do not differentiate between OSAS severity and/or do not analyse a 24-h melatonin profile. This study set out to investigate disease severity dependent differences in 24-h salivary melatonin secretion of OSAS patients compared to a reference population in a retrospective design.

Methods

24-h salivary melatonin profiles of 169 OSAS patients were analysed (55 light, 66 moderate, 48 severe) as well as 91 reference patients. Several aspects of the melatonin curve were analysed and stratified according to OSAS severity. Parameters included: dim light melatonin onset (DLMO), time of returning below DLMO (DLMOoff), peak melatonin concentration and time, and total melatonin exposure.

Results

Significant effects were corrected for confounding by age and sex using linear regression. Our analysis shows that, compared to reference and in a disease dependent manner, OSAS patients have a significantly lower 24-h melatonin curve, lower melatonin peak concentration, lower total melatonin exposure and a smaller proportion of patients reach DLMO. The differences in peak melatonin production and total melatonin exposure were resistant to confounding by age and/or sex.

Conclusion

This study describes clear OSAS severity dependent abnormalities in melatonin production in OSAS patients, independent of sex and/or age. Future research should indicate whether oral melatonin supplementation has beneficial effects in OSAS patients with attenuated endogenous melatonin production.
Making Predictions Using Poorly Identified Mathematical Models
Authors: Simpson Matthew J. , Maclaren Oliver J.
Published: May 2024

Many commonly used mathematical models in the field of mathematical biology involve challenges of parameter non-identifiability. Practical non-identifiability, where the quality and quantity of data does not provide sufficiently precise parameter estimates is often encountered, even with relatively simple models. In particular, the situation where some parameters are identifiable and others are not is often encountered. In this work we apply a recent likelihood-based workflow, called Profile-Wise Analysis (PWA), to non-identifiable models for the first time. The PWA workflow addresses identifiability, parameter estimation, and prediction in a unified framework that is simple to implement and interpret. Previous implementations of the workflow have dealt with idealised identifiable problems only. In this study we illustrate how the PWA workflow can be applied to both structurally non-identifiable and practically non-identifiable models in the context of simple population growth models. Dealing with simple mathematical models allows us to present the PWA workflow in a didactic, self-contained document that can be studied together with relatively straightforward Julia code provided on GitHub. Working with simple mathematical models allows the PWA workflow prediction intervals to be compared with gold standard full likelihood prediction intervals. Together, our examples illustrate how the PWA workflow provides us with a systematic way of dealing with non-identifiability, especially compared to other approaches, such as seeking ad hoc parameter combinations, or simply setting parameter values to some arbitrary default value. Importantly, we show that the PWA workflow provides insight into the commonly-encountered situation where some parameters are identifiable and others are not, allowing us to explore how uncertainty in some parameters, and combinations of parameters, regardless of their identifiability status, influences model predictions in a way that is insightful and interpretable.
Influence of Plastic Deformation and Hydroxyapatite Coating on Structure, Mechanical, Corrosion, Antibacterial and Cell Viability Properties of Zinc Based Biodegradable Alloys
Authors: Aksakal B. , Isın Ege , Aslan N. , Cihangir S. , Sezek S. , Yilmazer Yasemin
Published: May 2024

Zinc (Zn)-based biodegradable alloys have been at the forefront of absorbable biomaterial research in recent years due to their high biocompatibility and corrosion rates. The arc melting process was used to produce the Zn–1Cu–1Ag biodegradable alloy. The influence of different plastic deformation rates on the microstructure of the material was examined after the cold rolling at deformation rates of 47% and 61%. The undeformed and deformed alloys have been hydroxyapatite-coated using the electrophoretic deposition process to improve its surface, corrosion, and bioactivity properties. Optical, XRD, SEM, and EDS examinations were used to analyze the samples’ uncoated, coated, and rolled-unrolled forms. The nucleation of the (Ag, Cu)Zn4 secondary phase was formed during the rolling process. Hardness and compression tests were used to determine the mechanical properties of cast and rolled alloys, and in vitro corrosion tests were carried out in simulated body fluid. Antimicrobial and cell viability tests are executed to demonstrate the biocompatibility of the deformed and HA-coated Zn–1Cu–1Ag alloy. The mechanical properties were improved after the rolling process, with the highest results found in 47% of the rolled samples exhibiting a compressive strength of 412.65 ± 0.5 MPa and 61% of the rolled samples exhibiting a hardness value of 88.1 ± 0.5 HV. The samples that were rolled (61%) and coated with hydroxyapatite (HA) exhibited the highest level of corrosion resistance. The antimicrobial tests revealed that the rolled and HA coated Zn1Cu1Ag groups exhibited greater inhibition rates (47 and 61%) compared to the other groups when tested against E. coli. The HA-coated groups exhibited good cell viability ratios, with the maximum viability seen in the rolled and HA-coated group at 47%.

Graphical Abstract
A thermodynamic perspective on electrode poisoning in solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Huang Kevin
Published: May 2024

A critical challenge to the commercialization of clean and high-efficiency solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology is the insufficient stack lifespan caused by a variety of degradation mechanisms, which are associated with cell components and chemical feedstocks. Cell components related degradation refers to thermal/chemical/electrochemical deterioration of cell materials under operating conditions, whereas the latter regards impurities in feedstocks of oxidant (air) and reductant (fuel). This article provides a thermodynamic perspective on the understanding of the impurities-induced degradation mechanisms in SOFCs. The discussion focuses on using thermodynamic analysis to elucidate poisoning mechanisms in cathodes by impurity species such as Cr, CO2, H2O, and SO2 and in the anode by species such as S (or H2S), SiO2, and P2 (or PH3). The author hopes the presented fundamental insights can provide a theoretical foundation for searching for better technical solutions to address the critical degradation challenges.
Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 2 is a prognostic marker in colorectal cancer and promotes its progression by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Liu Yonggang , Liang Jiyun , Li Xi , Huang Junyong , Huang Jiangyuan , Wang Jiale
Published: May 2024

Background

Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 2 (IFITM2) is involved in repressing viral infection. This study aim to investigate the expression of IFITM2 in colorectal cancer (CRC) and explore its effect on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.

Methods

We analyzed The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database for IFITM2 expression in colorectal cancer and used western blots to detect IFITM2 protein in specimens and cell lines of colorectal cancers. To assess the association between IFITM2 and clinical features, both univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis were conducted. Kaplan–Meier plots were used in the TCGA database to assess IFITM2 gene expression's prognostic significance. Silencing IFITM2 in SW480 and HCT116 cells was achieved by transient transfection with siRNA. Proliferation of CRCs was examined using Cell Counting Kit-8. The effect of IFITM2 on the migration and invasion of CRC cells was studied using wound healing and transwell assays. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to examine IFITM2-associated pathways and Western blotting was used to confirm it.

Results

IFITM2 was over-expressed in the CRC tissues and cells, with high IFITM2 expression related to the tumor N, M, and pathologic stages. The presence of IFITM2 significantly impacted patient survival in CRC. The proliferation of SW480 and HCT116 cells was suppressed when IFITM2 was silenced, resulting in weakened migration and invasion of CRC cells. GSEA analysis showed that IFITM2 was positively related to the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway, and western blot results confirmed that IFITM2 activated it.

Conclusions

IFITM2 was over-expressed in CRC and modulated the PI3K/AKT pathway to promote CRC cells proliferation and metastasis.
Mustelid mugshots: photographing facial masks of European polecats (Mustela putorius) for individual recognition and density estimation using camera traps
Authors: Hofmeester Tim R. , Erath Nadine , Mos Jeroen , Thurfjell Henrik
Published: May 2024

Small carnivores play an important role in ecosystems, but their often hidden lifestyle makes them generally hard to observe. Camera-trapping methodology shows great promise as a standardized monitoring tool for small carnivores. The European polecat (Mustela putorius) is a species of conservation concern, listed on the Annex V of the EU Council’s Directive on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora. Because of this, EU member states have to report the status of their polecat populations regularly. However, standardized methods to estimate the population size of polecat populations are currently lacking. We present a tube-based camera-trapping system, the Polecam, designed to obtain photographs of the facial masks of individual polecats. We tested the system in four study areas in southern Sweden during Spring and Autumn 2021. We obtained 52 observations of polecats, out of which we were able to identify 38 (73%) to individual. From these observations, we estimated area and season specific estimates of density for five season-area combinations using a multi-session spatial capture-recapture model. Density estimates ranged from 0.84 to 2.7 individuals/1000 ha, similar to the estimates from similar landscapes in other countries in Europe. We also obtained observations of six other species of small carnivores, suggesting that the Polecam could be used for multi-species monitoring, as well as density estimation of European polecats.
The Italian guideline on comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) for the older persons: a collaborative work of 25 Italian Scientific Societies and the National Institute of Health
Authors: Pilotto Alberto , Aprile Pierangelo Lora , Veronese Nicola , Lacorte Eleonora , Morganti Wanda , Custodero Carlo , Piscopo Paola , Fabrizi Elisa , Gatta Francesco Della , Merlo Andrea , Vanacore Nicola
Published: May 2024

Background

The guideline was promoted by the Italian General Practitioners-Primary Care and Geriatrics Hospital-Community Societies and was carried out involving the National Institute of Health and an Expert Panel including representatives from 25 Scientific and Health-Professional Organizations. The aim of the Guideline was to develop evidence-based recommendations on the efficacy of CGA in older people across different clinical settings and the accuracy and utility of CGA-based tools to assess prognosis.

Methods

According to the methodological handbook of the Italian National System of Guidelines and NICE criteria (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence in England), the Guideline was produced based on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Over 20,000 records gathered through databases searches were initially selected. Sixteen recommendations on CGA efficacy were defined based on 117 studies that met the inclusion criteria and were performed in general practices and primary care (26 studies included), medical and surgical clinics (16 studies), emergency departments (17 studies), hospital medical and surgical wards (53 studies), long-term care facilities and nursing homes (5 studies), hospices and palliative care networks (no studies). Nine recommendations on CGA-based prognostic tools were issues based on 42 included studies carried out in general practices and primary care (5 studies), medical and surgical clinics (4 studies), and hospital wards (33 studies).

Results

Using CGA can be useful to reduce hospitalization, mortality, institutionalization, the risk of delirium, and improve appropriateness in drug prescription and maintain functional activities in different settings. Further research on the efficacy of CGA in rehabilitative facilities, nursing homes, and hospice and palliative-care settings is recommended. CGA-based tools, particularly the Multidimensional Prognostic Index, should be used to predict some negative outcomes in different settings.

Conclusions

This Guideline may be useful in clinical practice and as a tool to support research on the use of CGA in older people.
Population state-driven surrogate-assisted differential evolution for expensive constrained optimization problems with mixed-integer variables
Authors: Liu Jiansheng , Yuan Bin , Yang Zan , Qiu Haobo
Published: May 2024

Many surrogate-assisted evolutionary algorithms (SAEAs) have been shown excellent search performance in solving expensive constrained optimization problems (ECOPs) with continuous variables, but few of them focus on ECOPs with mixed-integer variables (ECOPs-MI). Hence, a population state-driven surrogate-assisted differential evolution algorithm (PSSADE) is proposed for solving ECOPs-MI, in which the adaptive population update mechanism (APUM) and the collaborative framework of global and local surrogate-assisted search (CFGLS) are combined effectively. In CFGLS, a probability-driven mixed-integer mutation (PMIU) is incorporated into the classical global DE/rand/2 and local DE/best/2 for improving the diversity and potentials of candidate solutions, respectively, and the collaborative framework further integrates both the superiority of global and local mutation for the purpose of achieving a good balance between exploration and exploitation. Moreover, the current population is adaptively reselected based on the efficient non-dominated sorting technique in APUM when the population distribution is too dense. Empirical studies on 10 benchmark problems and 2 numerical engineering cases demonstrate that the PSSADE shows a more competitive performance than the existing state-of-the-art algorithms. More importantly, PSSADE provides excellent performance in the design of infrared stealth material film.
An intelligent MRI assisted diagnosis and treatment system for osteosarcoma based on super-resolution
Authors: Zhong Xu , Gou Fangfang , Wu Jia
Published: May 2024

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations are a routine part of the cancer treatment process. In developing countries, disease diagnosis is often time-consuming and associated with serious prognostic problems. Moreover, MRI is characterized by high noise and low resolution. This creates difficulties in automatic segmentation of the lesion region, leading to a decrease in the segmentation performance of the model. This paper proposes a deep convolutional neural network osteosarcoma image segmentation system based on noise reduction and super-resolution reconstruction, which is the first time to introduce super-resolution methods in the task of osteosarcoma MRI image segmentation, effectively improving the Model generalization performance. We first refined the initial osteosarcoma dataset using a Differential Activation Filter, separating those image data that had little effect on model training. At the same time, we carry out rough initial denoising of the image. Then, an improved information multi-distillation network based on adaptive cropping is proposed to reconstruct the original image and improve the resolution of the image. Finally, a high-resolution network is used to segment the image, and the segmentation boundary is optimized to provide a reference for doctors. Experimental results show that this algorithm has a stronger segmentation effect and anti-noise ability than existing methods. Code: https://github.com/GFF1228/NSRDN.
An Adaptive Estimation Approach for Integrating Real-World Operation Dynamics in Engine-Out NOx Emission Modeling of a Wheel Loader
Authors: Hong Beichuan , Burghout Wilco
Published: May 2024

Accurately predicting engine-out nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions on-board is crucial for effective emission control in heavy-duty engines. Real-world engine operating conditions, especially in non-road applications with frequent dynamic changes, can significantly affect NOx emission characteristics. However, these engine emission characteristics are conventionally measured on steady-state or regulated driving cycles, which may not fully reflect the emission levels under real-world operational dynamics. This highlights the necessity of integrating engine performance during transient operation into the NOx prediction model to enhance the accuracy of on-board predictions. This paper introduces a novel data-driven model to predict engine-out NOx emissions during the construction activities of a wheel loader. This paper begins by addressing discrepancies between steady-state map predictions and on-board NOx measurements. To bridge these gaps, the model identifies engine transient operating conditions by analyzing the time derivatives of engine speed and torque. The model structure integrates steady-state and transient emission maps, with the transient map being iteratively refined using the Kalman filter principle, thereby improving its accuracy and robustness in response to engine dynamics. The proposed method maintains a model structure that is easily implemented and similar to conventional steady-state emission maps, while also enabling online self-learning for model parameter updates. Model validation shows that the model has high prediction accuracy and the ability to differentiate between steady-state and transient engine working conditions during construction activities.
Teacher Views of Relationships between their Teaching Practices and Beliefs, the School Context, and Student Achievement
Authors: Flint Annaline , Rubie-Davies Christine Margaret , Peterson Elizabeth
Published: May 2024

Teachers hold many beliefs, shaped by their educational knowledge, experiences, and cultural, social, historical, and political environments. These teacher beliefs, together with teacher characteristics and school context factors can influence cognitive processes, expectations, instructional decisions, and practices which could affect learning experiences, student engagement, and achievement. Numerous studies have explored these factors, however, often separately or with only one or two others. This paper explores primary school teachers’ self-reported perceptions on the relationships between teacher beliefs (including teacher class level expectations, self-efficacy, motivation, goal orientation, work engagement, passion for teaching, relatedness to students), teacher characteristics (including gender, ethnicity, teacher experience), and school context factors (including decile and year level taught), and the impact of these on student achievement and teachers’ instructional practices.

Associations were found between teaching self-efficacy and all the other factors explored; work engagement and teachers’ years of teaching experience, gender, and school decile; and years of teaching experience and student achievement. Further, relatedness to students, passion for teaching, and teaching self-efficacy was found to be associated with teachers’ instructional practices.
Looking for Optimal Maps of Soil Properties at the Regional Scale
Authors: Barrena-González Jesús , Lavado Contador Francisco , Repe Blâz , Pulido Fernández Manuel
Published: May 2024

Around 70% of surface in Extremadura, Spain, faces a critical risk of degradation processes, highlighting the necessity for regional-scale soil property mapping to monitor degradation trends. This study aimed to generate the most reliable soil property maps, employing the most accurate methods for each case. To achieve this, six different machine learning (ML) techniques were tested to map nine soil properties across three depth intervals (0–5, 5–10 and > 10 cm). Additionally, 22 environmental covariates were utilized as inputs for model performance. Results revealed that the Random Forest (RF) model exhibited the highest precision, followed by Cubist, while Support Vector Machine showed effectiveness with limited data availability. Moreover, the study highlighted the influence of sample size on model performance. Concerning environmental covariates, vegetation indices along with selected topographic indices proved optimal for explaining the spatial distribution of soil physical properties, whereas climatic variables emerged as crucial for mapping the spatial distribution of chemical properties and key nutrients at a regional scale. Despite providing an initial insight into the regional soil property distribution using ML, future work is warranted to ensure a robust, up-to-date, and equitable database for accurate monitoring of soil degradation processes arising from various land uses.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Sexual maturation inhibition using exemestane and tamoxifen in female olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceous)
Authors: Kim Ki-hyuk , Moon Hye-na , Yeo In-kyu
Published: May 2024

Sex determination in some reptiles, amphibians, and fishes is influenced by environmental factors. Exemestane acts as an estrogen agonist non-steroid hormone. Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceous) is easily affected by water temperature or sex steroid hormone treatment during sex determination. Tamoxifen is widely used as a drug in human cancer therapy as an anti-estrogen agent (estrogen receptor antagonist). In this study, we intraperitoneally injected exemestane and tamoxifen, a pre-maturation sex hormone inhibitor, into the bodies of female olive flounder. In both cases, the expression of estrogen receptor mRNA and vitellogenin mRNA in the liver was almost identical. In the case of exemestane injection, intersex was confirmed histologically, but it was not confirmed in tamoxifen. Although these results suggest the possibility of the synthesis of estrogen by tamoxifen, the underlying mechanism has not yet been fully investigated. Hence, examinations are needed to confirm the direct involvement of tamoxifen.
Depictive Harm in Little Black Sambo? The Communicative Role of Comic Caricature
Authors: Gregg Mary
Published: May 2024

In Helen Bannerman’s Little Black Sambo, the text describes its main character as witty, brave, and resourceful. The drawings of the story’s main character which accompany this text, however, present a unique kind of harm that only becomes clear when the work is read as a collection of single-panel comics rather than an illustrated book. In this chapter, I show what happens when we read drawings in books as textless comics, and, based on how things turn out from this reading, motivate why we have some substantive reason to read both Little Black Sambo and other books with drawings-as-comics.
Autonomy, Community, and the Justification of Public Reason
Authors: Andersson Emil
Published: May 2024

Recently, there have been attempts at offering new justifications of the Rawlsian idea of public reason. Blain Neufeld has suggested that the ideal of political autonomy justifies public reason, while R.J. Leland and Han van Wietmarschen have sought to justify the idea by appealing to the value of political community. In this paper, I show that both proposals are vulnerable to a common problem. In realistic circumstances, they will often turn into reasons to oppose, rather than support, public reason. However, this counterintuitive result can be avoided if we conceive of autonomy and community differently.
Strict positivity of Kähler–Einstein currents
Authors: Guedj Vincent , Guenancia Henri , Zeriahi Ahmed
Published: May 2024

Kähler–Einstein currents, also known as singular Kähler–Einstein metrics, have been introduced and constructed a little over a decade ago. These currents live on mildly singular compact Kähler spacesXand their two defining properties are the following: They are genuine Kähler–Einstein metrics on$X_{\mathrm {reg}}$, and they admit local bounded potentials near the singularities ofX. In this note, we show that these currents dominate a Kähler form near the singular locus, when eitherXadmits a global smoothing, or whenXhas isolated smoothable singularities. Our results apply to klt pairs and allow us to show that ifXis any compact Kähler space of dimension three with log terminal singularities, then any singular Kähler–Einstein metric of nonpositive curvature dominates a Kähler form.
Onsager's ‘ideal turbulence’ theory
Authors: Eyink Gregory
Published: May 2024

In 1945–1949, Lars Onsager made an exact analysis of the high-Reynolds-number limit for individual turbulent flow realisations modelled by incompressible Navier–Stokes equations, motivated by experimental observations that dissipation of kinetic energy does not vanish. I review here developments spurred by his key idea that such flows are well described by distributional or ‘weak’ solutions of ideal Euler equations. 1/3 Hölder singularities of the velocity field were predicted by Onsager and since observed. His theory describes turbulent energy cascade without probabilistic assumptions and yields a local, deterministic version of the Kolmogorov

$4/5$

th law. The approach is closely related to renormalisation group methods in physics and envisages ‘conservation-law anomalies’, as discovered later in quantum field theory. There are also deep connections with large-eddy simulation modelling. More recently, dissipative Euler solutions of the type conjectured by Onsager have been constructed and his

$1/3$

Hölder singularity proved to be the sharp threshold for anomalous dissipation. This progress has been achieved by an unexpected connection with work of John Nash on isometric embeddings of low regularity or ‘convex integration’ techniques. The dissipative Euler solutions yielded by this method are wildly non-unique for fixed initial data, suggesting ‘spontaneously stochastic’ behaviour of high-Reynolds-number solutions. I focus in particular on applications to wall-bounded turbulence, leading to novel concepts of spatial cascades of momentum, energy and vorticity to or from the wall as deterministic, space–time local phenomena. This theory thus makes testable predictions and offers new perspectives on large-eddy simulation in the presence of solid walls.
Asymptotic analysis of hydrodynamic forces in a Brinkman penalization method: case of an initial flow around an impulsively started rotating and translating circular cylinder
Authors: Ueda Y. , Kida T.
Published: May 2024

The initial flow past an impulsively started rotating and translating circular cylinder is asymptotically analysed using a Brinkman penalization method on the Navier–Stokes equation. In our previous study (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 929, 2021, A31), the asymptotic solution was obtained within the second approximation with respect to the small parameter,

$\epsilon$

, that is of the order of

$1 / \lambda$

. Here,

$\lambda$

is the penalization parameter. In addition, the Reynolds number based on the cylinder radius and the translating velocity is assumed to be of the order of

$\epsilon$

. The previous study asymptotically analysed the initial flow past an impulsively started translating circular cylinder and investigated the influence of the penalization parameter

$\lambda$

on the drag coefficient. It was concluded that the drag coefficient calculated from the integration of the penalization term exhibits a half-value of the results of Bar-Lev & Yang (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 72, 1975, pp. 625–647) as

$\lambda \to \infty$

. Furthermore, the derivative of vorticity in the normal direction was found to be discontinuous on the cylinder surface, which is caused by the tangential gradient of the pressure on the cylinder surface. The present study hence aims to investigate the variance on the drag coefficient against the result of Bar-Lev & Yang (1975). First, we investigate the problem of an impulsively started rotating circular cylinder. In this situation, the moment coefficient is independent of the pressure on the cylinder surface so that we can elucidate the role of the pressure to the hydrodynamic coefficients. Then, the problem of an impulsively started rotating and translating circular cylinder is investigated. In this situation, the pressure force induced by the unsteady flow far from the cylinder is found to play a key role on the drag force for the agreement with the result of Bar-Lev & Yang (1975), whereas the variance still exists on the lift force. To resolve the variance, an alternative formula to calculate the hydrodynamic force is derived, assuming that there is the pressure jump between the outside and inside of the cylinder surface. The pressure jump is obtained in this analysis asymptotically. Of particular interest is the fact that this pressure jump can cause the variance on the lift force calculated by the integration of the penalization term.
The impact of morningness–eveningness on depression through a serial mediation model of resilience and anxiety
Authors: Kang Suhyeon , Kim Huiyeong , Yu Hyeona , Lee Daseul , Lee Hyuk Joon , Ha Tae Hyon , Park Jungkyu , Myung Woojae , Kang Hyo Shin
Published: May 2024

Objective:

Resilience has been recently considered one of the possible mechanisms for the association between morningness–eveningness and depression. Meanwhile, anxiety is closely associated with mood disorder, but its association with morningness–eveningness is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the mediating effects of resilience and anxiety on morningness–eveningness and depression as the possible mechanisms.

Methods:

This study included patient group and nonpatient group. Patient group consists of 743 patients with mood disorders [Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), 233; Bipolar Disorder I (BDI), 113; Bipolar Disorder II (BDII), 397] whereas nonpatient group consists of 818 individuals without mood disorder. The Composite Scale of Morningness, Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, Self-Rating Depression Scale, and Beck Anxiety Inventory were used to evaluate morningness–eveningness, resilience, anxiety, and depression, respectively.

Results:

Our model provided a good fit for the data. The association between morningness–eveningness and depression symptoms was partially serially mediated by resilience and anxiety in both the patient and nonpatient groups. The patient group exhibited significantly stronger morningness–eveningness toward resilience and anxiety than the nonpatient group. In the indirect effect of morningness–eveningness on depression, group differences exist only through each mediation of resilience and anxiety, not through serial mediation.

Conclusion:

Our results expand on the mechanism underlying the association between morningness–eveningness and depression. They highlight the importance of morningness–eveningness modification to increase resilience and the need to consider anxiety jointly in this process.
Ben-Sarc: A self-annotated corpus for sarcasm detection from Bengali social media comments and its baseline evaluation
Authors: Lora Sanzana Karim , Shahariar G. M. , Nazmin Tamanna , Rahman Noor Nafeur , Rahman Rafsan , Bhuiyan Miyad , Shah Faisal Muhammad
Published: May 2024

Sarcasm detection research in the Bengali language so far can be considered to be narrow due to the unavailability of resources. In this paper, we introduce a large-scale self-annotated Bengali corpus for sarcasm detection research problem in the Bengali language named ‘Ben-Sarc’ containing 25,636 comments, manually collected from different public Facebook pages and evaluated by external evaluators. Then we present a complete strategy to utilize different models of traditional machine learning, deep learning, and transfer learning to detect sarcasm from text using the Ben-Sarc corpus. Finally, we demonstrate a comparison between the performance of traditional machine learning, deep learning, and transfer learning models on our Ben-Sarc corpus. Transfer learning using Indic-Transformers Bengali Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers as a pre-trained source model has achieved the highest accuracy of 75.05%. The second-highest accuracy is obtained by the long short-term memory model with 72.48% and Multinomial Naive Bayes is acquired the third highest with 72.36% accuracy for deep learning and machine learning, respectively. The Ben-Sarc corpus is made publicly available in the hope of advancing the Bengali Natural Language Processing Community. The Ben-Sarc is available at https://github.com/sanzanalora/Ben-Sarc.
The Post-Communist Far Right and Its Transnational Linkages
Authors: Paulovičová Nina , Soroka George
Published: May 2024

In this special issue, our contributors move the academic conversation beyond methodological nationalism and approaches that analyze far-right movements only within their respective state contexts by interrogating the circulation of ideologies, funds, and people across sociopolitical boundaries. Our goal is to scrutinize the far right in post-communist Eastern Europe by examining the multitudinous and multidirectional ties that exist between groups at the local, regional, national, and transnational levels. Attention, moreover, is paid not just to those factors that facilitate such linkages, but also to the obstacles that hamper these flows via various detours, omissions, and other forms of resistance. In this introduction, we offer a theoretical overview and discussion of contributors’ findings to argue that conduits for the dissemination of far-right discursive frames are hardly unidirectional in nature. As a result, the transitological narratives of progress and regress typically invoked to explain the emergence of the far right offer only a partial understanding of how it mobilizes, builds alliances, and circulates ideas. We unpack the conceptual pitfalls and fallacies of transitological narratives and instead foreground the concept of multidirectionality, which opens up new avenues through which to understand how far-right groups mobilize and disseminate their narratives.
State-Building as Lawfare: On Conflict, Interpretation, and Ethics
Authors: Shesterinina Anastasia
Published: May 2024

This is an important book. It is important because it connects the study of internal armed conflict to big questions in comparative politics. It is important because it pays attention to the perspectives of ordinary men and especially women who make complex decisions in the context of legal pluralism. It is also important because it offers a window onto one of the most difficult-to-access settings of state-building on the back of protracted political violence and war. In my commentary, I will highlight these contributions of Egor Lazarev’s State-Building as Lawfare: Custom, Sharia, and State Law in Postwar Chechnya and areas for further discussion that stem from these contributions.
Violence, intimacy and veins of madness in a fraught border city
Authors: Hunt Nancy Rose , Batumike Eric , Cirhuza Elisée , Mugoli Alice , Mukungilwa Bienvenu
Published: May 2024

This article considers the intimate, the violent and the psychopathological in Bukavu, an eastern Congolese border city known for rape and war. A phenomenological focus pries open tensions in this ruinous, neoliberal ‘boom town’, frictions related to mental health, patterns of resort, and derangement. Ethnographic portraits from co-produced fieldnotes reveal family and street dynamics and a few adaptive, public figures of madness. Bukavu knows unhinged, delirious, psychotic people and PTSD infrastructures in this ‘trauma zone’. Patterns of psychosis go with ‘vivacity’, a Foucauldian word. The non-scientific term madness points to politics and the everyday, with many mad persons roaming the streets with performances. Intimacy enables rethinking this city, where ways of telling and knowing madness speak to agitation, kinship, strangeness and ordinary matters of sleep, dress and faecal matter.
Intimacy in a violent context: photographs from Mbouda (Cameroon) in a time of troubles
Authors: Zeitlyn David
Published: May 2024

All archives have silences, which may come to resonate, even if they may never speak. What is unsaid or unsayable may be understood and appreciated even if never enunciated and never heard. The photographs of the Cameroonian photographer Jacques Toussele from 1960 to 1980 were taken against a background of violence: the uprising of the Union des Populations du Cameroun (UPC), which started before Cameroonian independence and continued for the next decade. The fight against UPC ‘terrorists’ by the Cameroonian state and the French military was marked by violence on all sides. There is no evidence of this in the Toussele archive, which consists of administrative ID portraits and recreational shots depicting friends and family and various displays of intimacy. The Toussele photographic archive shows young people in Mbouda exhibiting the global tropes of modernity. Soon after independence in Ouest Cameroon, both the violence and the promises of 1960s modernity were challenges to traditional sociality. A local reading makes it clear that the violence was ever present in its absence and denial: to perform an event was no small achievement and, like the birth of a child, was to be celebrated and marked by photography. Intimacy was achieved against a background of violence and celebrated for this very reason.
Discrimination and social identity: interrogating the impact of local lingua francas on inclusion politics in public institutions in Nigeria
Authors: Alabi Ayodeji Ladipo
Published: May 2024

This study is concerned with addressing discrimination in public spaces and interrogates the extent to which the social identity function of a local lingua franca impacted inclusion politics in leadership selections for public institutions in Africa. Guided by social identity and ethnolinguistic identity theories, selecting Ahmadu Bello University in Northern Nigeria as a case study, and using the qualitative research technique, this study found a three-level ethno-religious discriminatory categorization – Core Northerners, Peripheral Northerners and Non-Northerners – accommodated within the institution’s power hierarchy. Fluency in Hausa, the local lingua franca in Northern Nigeria, was the common factor. Although the language was not a requirement for appointment, it turned out to be the marker of social identity that positively impacted inclusion politics. With extensive linguistic acculturation, African nation states are better off investing in the propagation of the local lingua franca to address negative discrimination in public spaces.
Performative agency and transition in Àlàbí Ògúndépò’s ìjálá and Yẹmí Ẹlẹ́buìbọn’s Ifá chants
Authors: Adeduntan Ayo
Published: May 2024

Indigenous Yorùbá poetry is often defined by such features as context, structure, tonal quality and the performer’s identity. Early taxonomy of the poetry focused on the poetics that could be deduced from a long tradition of practice. Recent scholarship in literary and cultural studies has been more interested in showing the ways in which the poetry is being inflected by encounters with postcolonial modernity. While these recent contributions demonstrate how new forms, such as ewì, distil expressive nuances from the older forms and invent new performative practices to address new publics, such studies encourage a generalization that credits to the new forms all the modern advances recorded in the indigenous forms themselves. Looking at specific indigenous forms in terms of how postcolonial modernity has reshaped them, rather than considering them another set of additions to a new generic category, allows us a clearer view of their transition. I track the inventions and changes in the practice of two Yorùbá forms, ìjálá and Ifá chants, using the performances of Àlàbí Ògúndépò and Yẹmí Ẹlẹ́buìbọn. I rely on ethnographic data to show how mutating audiences and electronic storage and retrieval systems have continually shaped composition and performance, discuss the imperatives of modernity and economy in the performative choices of the artists, and show how the performers simultaneously manage their resistance to and adoption of the modern.
Intimacy, comradeship and everyday police violence: the rape of Sophie M. in German South West Africa in 1910
Authors: Muschalek Marie A.
Published: May 2024

This article asks whether and how gendered violence was part of the quotidian activity of state building in German South West Africa. Investigating the intimate space of a police compound, it gives a micro-historical account of how interracial sexual relations unfolded there, and how policemen’s private, intimate affairs were subject to close scrutiny by the colonial state. Rape – as distinctively masculine violence – posed a notably delicate problem to the legitimacy of the colonial state. The white masculine prerogative needed to be affirmed as the raison d’être of the colonial regime, but disorderly, unprofessional violence had to be controlled for the same reason. The case examined in this article was a rare moment in which an African woman attempted to take part in the discussion over the meaning of sex and violence. Ultimately, her articulation of what intimate, physical interactions meant to her was ignored. Instead, policemen articulated what masculine honour and comradeship meant to them. These discussions over what individual ‘honourable’ (including violent) behaviour implied were also always negotiations over the nature of colonial power and its programme.
Civil Service Adoption in America: The Political Influence of City Employees
Authors: ANZIA SARAH F. , TROUNSTINE JESSICA
Published: May 2024

At the turn of the twentieth century, most cities in America featured a patronage-based system of governance, but over the next few decades, patronage was replaced by civil service. Civil service restructured the relationship between elected officials and government employees, with employees benefiting from a variety of new protections. Yet in studying this change, scholars have largely ignored the role local employees themselves might have played in the transformation. We argue that city employees stood to benefit from civil service, and in places where they had agency and clout, they were important drivers of its adoption. We collected a dataset for more than 1,000 municipal governments, determining whether and when they adopted civil service and whether their employees were organized in an occupational organization. Our analysis of these new data shows the influence of city employees was an important contributor to the spread of civil service in American local government.