bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correction: Padlocking dihydrofurannulation for the control of small degree of helicity built on a fused-tetracyclic core
Authors: Gaucherand Arthur , Yen-Pon Expédite , García-López Diego , Naubron Jean-Valère , Chentouf Sara , Giorgi Michel , Humbel Stéphane , Jean Marion , Rodriguez Jean , Bonne Damien
Published: September 2024

Correction for ‘Padlocking dihydrofurannulation for the control of small degree of helicity built on a fused-tetracyclic core’ by Arthur Gaucherand et al., Chem. Sci., 2024, 15, 7300–7307, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SC00745J.
Micro-ballistic response of thin film polymer grafted nanoparticle monolayers
Authors: Pal Subhadeep , Keten Sinan
Published: September 2024

μ-Ballistic simulations performed on the PGN thin films reveal a positive influence of cohesive energy density on the performance. PGN with heavier nanoparticles arrest bullets more rapidly, however, lighter particles exhibit a higher .
Polymorphism control of fast-sintered NASICON-type LiZr2(PO4)3
Authors: Lin Lin , Hatzell Kelsey B.
Published: September 2024

Long processing times and high temperature sintering can lead to high energy intensities and costs for all solid state battery manufacturing.
Robust energy storage density and negative capacitance in antiferroelectric heterostructures grown by atomic layer epitaxy
Authors: Jiang Yu-Sen , Chao Yi-Hsuan , Shiojiri Makoto , Yin Yu-Tung , Chen Miin-Jang
Published: September 2024

A state-of-the-art high energy storage density was achieved in an epitaxial ZrO2/TiN capacitor with the characterization of inductive-like negative capacitance via atomic layer epitaxy at low growth temperature, large area, and high working pressure.
Carbonate deprotonation on an Ni-rich layered cathode: development of a new cis-oligomer as an organic coverage
Authors: Merinda Laurien , Wang Fu-Ming , Wu Nae-Lih , Yuwono Rio Akbar , Khotimah Chusnul , Qonita Ulya , Huang Wei-Hsiang , Pei-Wan Tiong Lester , Chang Ching-Kai , Hsu Ping-Hsuan , Pao Chih-Wen , Chen Jeng-Lung , Chen Chi-Liang , Chan Ting-Shang
Published: September 2024

This work highlights a cis-oligomer as an organic coverage. Results show that the oxygen atom on the NCM811 surface deprotonates the cis-oligomer rather than carbonates. Cis-oligomer adjustes the solvation of the carbonates for controllable CEI formation.
A non-contact porous composite fiber paper-based humidity sensor for wearable breathing and skin humidity monitoring
Authors: Liang Aoxun , Chen Xueye
Published: September 2024

Flexible sensors capable of continuously monitoring surface moisture and respiratory status play a crucial role in human health monitoring.
Surfactant templated biogenic nanoporous silica thermal insulation composite
Authors: Zhu Long , Meng Taotao , Khuje Saurabh , Ren Shenqiang
Published: September 2024

Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant was used as both a synthesis and dispersion template for nanoporous silica to create high-performance biogenic straw-based thermal insulation composites.
Improving the sulfite-detection performance of a fluorescent probe via post-synthetic modification with a metal–organic framework
Authors: Shi Jing-Yi , Wang Bin , Cui Xin-Yue , Hu Xiao-Wei , Zhu Hai-Liang , Yang Yu-Shun
Published: September 2024

In this work, a post-synthetic modification strategy was attempted to improve the performance of the probe for sulfite detection.
Z-Scheme g-C3N4/TiO2 heterojunction for a high energy density photo-assisted Li–O2 battery
Authors: Xue Zhichao , Ru Yingyi , Li Qiang , Liang Xiaolong , Ma Ying , Sun Hong , Lv Ying
Published: September 2024

A lithium–oxygen battery based on the formation of lithium oxide (Li2O) can theoretically achieve a high energy density through a four-electron reaction.
Deep eutectic solvent mixed ionic liquids achieve highly enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption and mechanical properties
Authors: Wang Yuntong , Zhang Tao , Hui Shengchong , Li Zijing , Chen Geng , Zhang Limin , Wu Hongjing
Published: September 2024

The network interactions between ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents impart exceptional electromagnetic wave absorption and mechanical properties to the gel.
Recent measurements of charmonium decays at BESIII
Authors: Ding Xiaoxuan
Published: September 2024

In this poster, we present the first measurement of the charmonium decay ψ (3686) → ϕ KS0KS0, based on an analysis of a data set comprising (448.1 ± 2.9) × 106 ψ(3686) events collected by the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider. Taking the interference between ψ(3686) decay and continuum production into account, clear signals of ψ (3686) → ϕ KS0KS0 is observed and the branching fraction of ψ (3686) → ϕ KS0KS0 is reported for the first time. Combined with the world average value for B (J / ψ → ϕ KS0KS0, the 12% rule for this channel is tested with high precision.
Partial Wave Amplitude Analysis in Pion-Induced Reactions at the HADES Experiment
Authors: Foda Ahmed Marwan
Published: September 2024

The High Acceptance Di-Electron Spectrometer (HADES) collaboration at GSI employs a pion beam to examine the characteristics of baryonic resonances and their decay channels. This pion-beam facility enables the generation of baryonic resonances at a fixed center of mass energy (√s), i.e. in the S-channel. In anticipation of conducting a more comprehensive exploration of the resonance regions in pion-proton collisions, a new implementation of the K-matrix & D-matrix frameworks is currently under development. This updated implementation aims to offer a refined mapping of these regions. Example fits are presented showing the current status and the potential of the new framework.
Dynamical origin of universal two-pole structures and their light quark mass evolution
Authors: Xie Jia-Ming , Lu Jun-Xu , Geng Li-Sheng , Zou Bing-Song
Published: September 2024

Two-pole structures refer to the fact that two dynamically generated states are located close to each other between two coupled channels and have a mass difference smaller than the sum of their widths. Thus, the two poles overlap in the invariant mass distribution of their decay products, creating the impression that only one state exists. This phenomenon was first noticed for the Λ(1405) and the K1(1270), and then for several other states. This report explicitly shows how the two-pole structures emerge from the underlying universal chiral dynamics describing the coupled-channel interactions between a heavy matter particle and a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson. Furthermore, we predict similar two-pole structures in other systems dictated by chiral symmetry, such as the isospin 1/2 K¯∑c − πΞ′c coupled channel, awaiting experimental discoveries.
The BGOOD experiment at ELSA, exotic structures in the light quark sector?
Authors: Jude Thomas , Braghieri Alessandro , Cole Philip , Elsner Daniel , Di Salvo Rachele , Fantini Alessia , Figueiredo Antonio Joao Clara , Freyermuth Oliver , Fromberger Frank , Ghio Francesco , Groß Johannes , Kohl Katrin , Levi Sandri Paolo , Mandaglio Guiseppe , Pedroni Paolo , Romaniuk Mariia , Scheluchin Georg , Schmieden Hartmut , Sonnenschein Adrian
Published: September 2024

The BGOOD photoproduction experiment accesses forward meson angles and low momentum exchange kinematics in the uds sector, which may be sensitive to molecular-like hadron structure. Recent results are presented, including strangeness photoproduction at forward meson angles, and π0π0 coherent photoproduction off the deuteron.
Recent results on charmed baryons from Belle
Authors: Li Suxian
Published: September 2024

Charmed baryon spectroscopy can provide unique insights into QCD at low energies. The large data sample accumulated by the Belle experiment at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e− collider enables new opportunities to study charmed baryons. We present recent measurements of charmed baryons at Belle, including studies of Λc+ → Σ+η ('), Λc+ → pKS0KS0 / pKS0η, Ωc0 → Ξ−π+ / Ξ−K+ / Ω−K+, and recent results on the properties of the excited state Λc(2625)+.
Strange hidden-charm pentaquark poles from B− → J / ψΛp
Authors: Nakamura Satoshi X. , Wu Jia-Jun
Published: September 2024

Recent LHCb data for B− → J/ψΛp¯ show a clear peak structure at the ΞcD¯ threshold in the J/ψ invariant mass (MJ/ψΛ) distribution. In their amplitude analysis, LHCb identified the peak with the first hidden-charm pentaquark with strangeness PψsΛ(4338). We conduct a coupled-channel amplitude analysis of the LHCb data by simultaneously fitting the MJ/ψΛ,MJ/ψp¯,MΛp¯, and cosθK* distributions. Rather than the Breit-Wigner fit employed in the LHCb analysis, we consider relevant threshold effects and a unitary ΞcD¯ − ΛcD¯s coupled-channel scattering amplitude from which PψsΛ poles are extracted for the first time. In our default fit, the PψsΛ(4338) pole is almost a ΞcD¯ bound state at (4338:2±1:4)−(1:9±0:5) i MeV. Our default model also fits a large fluctuation at the ΛcD¯s threshold, giving a ΛcD¯s virtual state, PψsΛ(4255), at 4254:7±0:4 MeV. We also found that the PψsΛ(4338) peak cannot solely be a kinematical effect, and a nearby pole is needed.
The light baryon resonance spectrum in a coupled-channel approach – Recent results of the Jülich-Bonn model
Authors: Rönchen Deborah
Published: September 2024

We present recent results from the Jülich-Bonn dynamical coupledchannel approach, where the spectrum of nucleon and Delta resonances is extracted based on a combined study of the pion- and photon-induced production of πN, ηN, KΛ and KΣ final states. The amplitudes of the Jülich-Bonn model also enter the study of electroproduction reactions as constraints at Q2 = 0.
Small Angle Initial State Radiation Analysis of the Pion Form Factor at BESIII
Authors: Schelhaas Yasemin
Published: September 2024

The time-like pion form factor (FF), i.e. the cross section of the process e+e− → π+π−, is presently a matter of intense discussion within the particle physics community. The e+e− → π+π− process is the largest contributor to the hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) correction in the Standard Model prediction of the muon anomalous magnetic moment (aμ). Recent lattice QCD evaluations of the HVP, as well as a new measurement of the pion FF by the CMD-3 collaboration, have hinted at possible shortcomings in previous measurements, thus preventing an unambiguous interpretation of the latest experimental value of aμ. An intense effort is ongoing to provide new experimental insights into the pion FF, and the BESIII collaboration aims to contribute with a new measurement of world-leading precision. In this work, preliminary studies towards such a measurement are presented.
Proton and neutron electromagnetic radii and magnetic moments from lattice QCD
Authors: Salg Miguel , Djukanovic Dalibor , von Hippel Georg , Meyer Harvey B. , Ottnad Konstantin , Wittig Hartmut
Published: September 2024

We present results for the electromagnetic form factors of the proton and neutron computed on the (2 + 1)-flavor Coordinated Lattice Simulations (CLS) ensembles including both quark-connected and -disconnected contributions. The Q2-, pion-mass, lattice-spacing, and finite-volume dependence of our form factor data is fitted simultaneously to the expressions resulting from covariant chiral perturbation theory including vector mesons amended by models for lattice artefacts. From these fits, we determine the electric and magnetic radii and the magnetic moments of the proton and neutron, as well as the Zemach radius of the proton. To assess the influence of systematic effects, we average over various cuts in the pion mass and the momentum transfer, as well as over different models for the lattice-spacing and finite-volume dependence, using weights derived from the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC).
Perspectives of Semi-Inclusive Deep-Inelastic Scattering
Authors: Vossen Anselm
Published: September 2024

This contribution highlights some topics addressed by current and future experiments in Semi-Inclusive Deep-Inelastic Scattering. We concentrate on the programs at 12 and 22 GeV at Jefferson Lab using the CLAS detector, and at the future Electron-Ion Collider.
Sonografie des Thorax zur Diagnostik und Verlaufsbeurteilung der Pneumonie
Authors: Ewig Santiago , Yagmur Saliha , Sabelhaus Timo , Ostendorf Uwe , Scherff Andreas
Published: September 2024

Die Diagnostik der Pneumonie kann eine Herausforderung bedeuten, insbesondere hinsichtlich der Unterscheidung von unteren Atemwegsinfektionen und leichtgradigen Pneumonien, der Differenzialdiagnose der akuten respiratorischen Insuffizienz, der Diagnose von nosokomialen Pneumonien sowie im Falle eines Therapieversagens.

Die Sonografie des Thorax stellt eine diagnostische Methode dar, die gegenüber der konventionellen Röntgenthoraxaufnahme sowie der CT des Thorax Vorteile aufweist. So konnte gezeigt werden, dass sie der Röntgethoraxaufnahme in der Detektion von pneumonischen Konsolidierungen sogar überlegen ist. Da die meisten Pneumonien peripher liegen und die Pleura einbeziehen, können sonografisch trotz limitierter Eindringtiefe der Ultraschallwellen pneumonische Substrate in ca. 90% der Fälle identifiziert werden.

Ein gesicherter Stellenwert kommt der Sonografie des Thorax in der Diagnostik der ambulant erworbenen Pneumonie des Erwachsenen sowie der Kinder vor. Als besonders wertvoll erweist sie sich zudem in der Anwendung im Rahmen einer Point-of-care (POCUS)-Untersuchung, die auch das Herz mit einbezieht. Aber auch in der Diagnostik der nosokomialen Pneumonie sowie in der Evaluation des Therapieansprechens sowohl auf Normal- wie auf der Intensivstation weist sie ein erhebliches Potenzial auf.
A novel reopenable clip with sharp claw for complete closure of mucosal defects after colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Yoshida Naohisa , Hirose Ryohei , Dohi Osamu , Inagaki Yoshikazu , Murakami Takaaki , Inada Yutaka , Morimoto Yasutaka , Kobayashi Reo , Inoue Ken , Ghoneem Elsayed , Itoh Yoshito
Published: September 2024

Background The MANTIS Closure Device (MCD; Boston Scientific, Marlborough, Massachusetts, USA) is a reopenable clip with a sharp claw used for closure after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). We evaluated the effectiveness of the MCD for fast and complete closure after colorectal ESD.

Methods Cases involving closure with the MCD after ESD of 20–60-mm colorectal lesions between April 2023 and January 2024 were reviewed. The primary end point was complete closure of the ESD defect with the MCD. Secondary end points included closure time, delayed bleeding, delayed perforation, and post-ESD coagulation syndrome (PECS). MCD application involved: 1) grasping the mucosa on the anal-side of the defect; 2) pushing the clip toward the oral-side mucosa and deploying it; 3) adding other reopenable clips for complete closure.

Results 61 cases involving MCD were analyzed. Mean tumor size was 32.3 (SD 9.2) mm. Complete closure rate was 98.4% and mean closure time was 6.9 (SD 2.6) minutes. The mean number of MCDs and other clips used was 1.0 (SD 0.1) and 4.7 (SD 1.4), respectively. Rates of delayed bleeding, delayed perforation, and PECS were 0%, 0%, and 9.8%, respectively.

Conclusion Fast and complete closure after colorectal ESD was successfully achieved using the MCD.
Las anclas de sutura muestran mayor resistencia que los tornillos de interferencia para la tenodesis del bíceps
Authors: Marinis Rodrigo de , Contreras Julio J. , Paccot Daniel , Palma Felipe , Besa Pablo , Toro Felipe , Guzmán Rodrigo , Pozo René
Published: September 2024

Objetivo Evaluar cuatro técnicas de fijación diferentes para la tenodesis del bíceps.

Materiales y Métodos En total, 32 hombros de ovejas frescos congelados fueron divididos aleatoriamente en 4 grupos iguales según cada técnica de tenodesis: tornillo biotenodesis (TBT), tornillo de tenodesis SwiveLock (TSL) (Arthrex, Inc., Naples, FL, Estados Unidos), triple lasso-loop (TLL), y doble lasso-loop (DLL). Todas las tenodesis se realizaron suprapectoralmente en la corredera bicipital. Para los tornillos de interferencia (TI), no se añadieron nudos adicionales después de la fijación. Todas las muestras fueron sometidas a carga de falla final (CFF), y se calculó el punto de cedencia (PC). Se registró el modo de fallo para cada muestra, y se realizó un análisis estadístico utilizando una prueba de Kruskal-Wallis y la prueba post hoc de Dunn. Se consideró significativo un valor de p < 0,05.

Resultados La CFF registrada para cada grupo experimental fue la siguiente: grupo TBT = 126,2 (rango: 94,8–161,1) N; grupo TSL = 95,8 (rango: 75,9–130) N; grupo DLL = 208,4 (rango: 195,3–219,5) N; y grupo TLL = 261,4 (rango: 194,9–306,5) N. El modo de fallo para todas las muestras en los grupos TI fue la extracción del tendón de la fijación, mientras que las muestras en los grupos de anclaje de sutura (AS) en su mayoría fallaron por ruptura del tendón. Ambas técnicas de AS mostraron una CFF y un PC significativamente más altos cuando se compararon con cada técnica de TI (p < 0,01). No hubo diferencias significativas en términos de la CFF o del PC logrados entre el uso de DLL y de TLL.

Conclusión En este modelo de prueba cadavérica animal, las técnicas de AS demostraron una CFF más alta en comparación con las técnicas de TI sin nudos. Específicamente, dentro de las técnicas de AS, se encontró que la resistencia mecánica a la carga axial de DLL es comparable a la de TLL.

Nivel de Evidencia Estudio de ciencia básica.
Endoscopic Evaluation and Management of Superficial Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Lopez Priscilla , Ramchandani Mohan , Lakhtakia Sundeep , Sekaran Anuradha , Inavolu Pradev , Reddy Nageshwar
Published: September 2024

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the seventh most common malignancy and the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, demanding precise diagnostic and individualized therapeutic interventions. This case study describes the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal SCC in a 54-year-old man initially detected during an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The lesion was identified using narrow-band imaging and magnifying endoscopy; after imaging studies, it was treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). ESD is known for its minimal invasiveness and the definitive histopathological evaluation it facilitates.

The management strategy described in this paper reiterates the criticality of extensive pretreatment evaluations, the indication of the application of ESD, and the importance of a multidisciplinary team. It underscores the significance of careful posttreatment monitoring and the informed selection of adjuvant therapies, particularly in areas like India, where such advanced endoscopic techniques are still on the rise.
The Association of Smartphone Usage with Sleep Disturbances among Medical Students
Authors: Alhafi Mohammed , Matrood Rashed , Alamoudi Mohammad , Alshaalan Yazzed , Alassafi Mohammed , Omair Aamir , Harthi AbeerAl , Layqah Laila , Althobaiti Mutaz , Shamou Jinan , Baharoon Salim Alawi
Published: September 2024

Background Smartphones have become an important and vital instrument that all medical students utilize, but the usage of such devices has been found to be connected to sleep disturbances. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and the relationship between smartphone addiction and poor sleep quality among medical students.

Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among the fifth- and sixth-year medical students at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to investigate the relation between smartphone usage and sleep disturbances. The questionnaires included demographic details, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and smartphone addiction scale short version (SAS-SV).

Results All 251 respondents had smartphones that were utilized for social media, communication, studying, etc. Most of the students were identified as smartphone addicts (65%), and 75% of the students had poor sleep quality. Sleep quality was found to be poor in 145 (85%) students with smartphone addiction. Smartphone addiction was significantly associated with poor sleep quality (odds ratio [OR]: 4.271; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.300–7.933; p < 0.001). Gender and academic year were not significant predictors of poor sleep quality with p-values of 0.668 and 0.361, respectively. Smartphone addiction was significantly more prevalent among female students (80%) compared to male students (60%; p = 0.004), with the mean addiction score of 43.5 ± 11.5 and 33.5 ± 9.1, respectively (p < 0.001).

Conclusion Our study shows a significant association between smartphone addiction and poor sleep quality. It is strongly recommended that counseling services be provided to medical students to assist those suffering from smartphone addiction and sleep difficulties.
Ependimoma del filum terminal roto como causa infrecuente de lumbociática refractaria en paciente embarazada: Reporte de caso
Authors: Espinoza Esteban , González Manuel , Yurac Ratko
Published: September 2024

El dolor lumbar y la ciática son síntomas frecuentes durante el embarazo. Sin embargo, las etiologías neoplásicas, aunque raras, deben considerarse en el diagnóstico diferencial, particularmente en presencia de inicio agudo, síntomas graves o déficits neurológicos.

Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 33 años con 31 semanas de gestación que se presentó con dolor lumbar agudo y progresivo, ciática bilateral y debilidad motora. El examen neurológico reveló debilidad motora bilateral en las extremidades inferiores (M4) en los miotomas L3, L4 y L5, con hiperreflexia y signos de Brudzinski y Kernig. La resonancia magnética evidenció una lesión intradural expansiva a nivel L2-L3 que comprimía las raíces nerviosas descendentes, compatible con un ependimoma del filum terminal. Se realizó una cesárea a las 33 semanas de gestación, seguida de resección del tumor tres días después. La histopatología confirmó el diagnóstico de un ependimoma mixopapilar. La paciente experimentó un curso postoperatorio favorable, con resolución de la ciática y una mejora gradual de la función motora. A los cuatro meses de seguimiento, había recuperado la deambulación normal y podía cuidar a su bebé de forma independiente. Regresó a sus actividades laborales seis meses después de la cirugía.

Este caso enfatiza la importancia de considerar los tumores espinales en el diagnóstico diferencial de la radiculopatía lumbar aguda con déficits neurológicos durante el embarazo. El diagnóstico precoz y la intervención quirúrgica oportuna pueden conducir a un resultado favorable tanto para la madre como para el bebé.
The Effect of Perioperative Cimetidine on the Outcomes of Stage 2 Melanoma
Authors: Abu Hassan Falah , Al Obaidi Mohanad , Al-Hilli Yasir , Al-Jobory Ola , Hallak Ahmad , Holder Kate , Mohammed Basheer , Nahapetyan Lusine , Rasheed Waqas , Tawfeeq Yousuf , Wright Stephen E.
Published: September 2024

Objectives The use of immunotherapies in the treatment of melanoma has significantly improved the survival of patients with advanced disease. Historically, histamine has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several cancers. Cimetidine does play a role in modulating the immune system and was advocated as an immunotherapeutic agent since the 1970s. Cimetidine has been showing promise in conjunction with standard care in many cancers in vitro and in vivo. However, its effects in melanoma have not been explored yet. Our study was designed to determine if cimetidine taken in the perioperative period improves the disease-free survival (DFS) or overall survival in patients with the American Joint Committee on Cancer, seventh edition (AJCC 7) stage 2 melanoma.

Materials and Methods We have reviewed all the patients with stage 2 melanoma in our center in a retrospective cohort to assess the difference in survival between patients who received H2 blockers in the perioperative period and those who did not.

Statistical Analysis and Results Thirty-two patients were included in the analysis. Nine of 32 patients received H2 blockers in the perioperative period. All the patients were males except for one female in the control group (4.3%). The age in the analyzed population ranged between 51 and 92 years; the median age was 70 years (mean: 71; standard deviation: 10). The median overall survival of the patients who received H2 blockers was 112.7 months and it was 77.2 months for those who did not receive H2 blockers. There was no difference in DFS between the two groups (p = 0.5395), and there was no difference in the overall survival (p = 0.4770). The cumulative dose was strongly correlated with the overall survival in the patients who received H2 blockers (r = 0.8341, p = 0.0196).

Conclusion Despite having a small treatment group, we were able to detect a strong correlation between the cumulative dose of H2 blockers received and the overall survival.
Artificial blood for therapeutic and laboratory usage: Where do we stand?
Authors: Ray Pulak Kumar , Kumar Pawan , Roy Somnath , Das Arup Kumar , Das Prasanta Kumar
Published: September 2024

The scarcity of blood for transfusion purposes has been widely acknowledged. Surgical therapeutic processes, war zones, and post-disaster treatments demand a huge amount of blood. Modern-day laboratories also require blood for bioengineering experimentation. Therefore, an artificially devised solution capable of mimicking the blood functions from biological and engineering relevance would be a noteworthy discovery of contemporary science. The experience drawn from discarded century-old blood substitutes has led us to technologically more advanced present-day solutions, which are better at carrying out the physiological functions of blood. Aiming at safety, stability, non-toxicity, and compatibility in terms of immuno-response, a remarkable number of substitutes are being tried to mimic the physiological properties and functions of red blood cells, platelets, plasma, and white blood cells. Despite significant efforts and time devoted, for transfusion, no product so far has been able to replace natural blood. This article puts together the important developments in blood substitutes that have evolved over the years, including substitutes for clinical as well as engineering requirements. It also points out the recent endeavors of synthesizing blood cells through modern synthetic routes. It has been highlighted that none of the blood substitutes have achieved the required efficacy so that they can be used in vivo. Finally, the emerging trends and future research needs have been stressed upon.
Encryption algorithm based on improved four-dimensional chaotic system and dynamic DNA encoding
Authors: Tang Chengwei , Wang Shibing , Shu Yubing , Ren Fujun
Published: September 2024

An image encryption algorithm is proposed based on the combination of genetic (DNA) random coding and chaotic mapping. An image encryption algorithm based on an improved new four-dimensional chaotic system and DNA coding is proposed to address the problem that a single coding method is prone to selecting plaintext attacks. Based on a four-dimensional chaotic system existing in the literature, a new four-dimensional hyperchaotic system is obtained through improvement. The initial value of the system is generated based on SHA-256, zigzag transform. The input key and four pseudo-random chaotic sequences are generated iteratively. DNA chunking encoding, arithmetic operation, and decoding are implemented for the image disrupted based on the zigzag transform. The two-dimensional matrix constituted based on the Chaotic Sequence of Chebyshev to obtain the scrambled and diffused ciphertext image. Simulation experiments and security performance analysis show that the algorithm enhances the correlation between the key and the plaintext, the randomness of the encryption process, and effectively improves the anti-attack capability [H. Chen, J. Zhao et al., Appl. Res. Comput. 10, 0434 (2021)]. In this paper, 512 × 512 × 3 peppers color images are used for testing, and the correlation coefficients of adjacent pixels of the encrypted images are all close to 0, and the information entropy is all more significant than 7.997, which is relative to the theoretical value of 8. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm improves the security of the ciphertext, increases the critical space, and, at the same time, resists various attack methods.
Prediction of material stability of two-dimensional semiconductors: An interpretable machine learning perspective
Authors: Chen Yuheng , Zhang Sa , Wen Yuhua , Lai Zhongyuan , Liu Tundong
Published: September 2024

Despite significant advancements in leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) for drug design, materials science, and other fields, the question of how each dataset feature influences a target metric—essential for constructing better predictive models and targeted materials design—remains largely unaddressed. In this study, we explored the application of interpretable machine learning (ML) techniques to the inverse design of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor materials, a critical yet underexplored area within the AI4Science domain. Our approach utilized a dataset from the C2DB database, incorporating advanced feature engineering and data imputation strategies to predict material stability, a key determinant of a materials industrial and academic value. Through the calculation of Shapley additive explanation scores and counterfactual analysis, we provided a nuanced understanding of feature contributions toward material stability, enabling the targeted design of 2D semiconductors with optimized properties. This work not only fills the gap in the current literature by emphasizing the role of interpretability in materials design but also demonstrates the potential of interpretable ML in guiding the development of novel materials with enhanced performance characteristics.
Random walk in random permutation set theory
Authors: Zhou Jiefeng , Li Zhen , Deng Yong
Published: September 2024

Random walk is an explainable approach for modeling natural processes at the molecular level. The random permutation set theory (RPST) serves as a framework for uncertainty reasoning, extending the applicability of Dempster–Shafer theory. Recent explorations indicate a promising link between RPST and random walk. In this study, we conduct an analysis and construct a random walk model based on the properties of RPST, with Monte Carlo simulations of such random walk. Our findings reveal that the random walk generated through RPST exhibits characteristics similar to those of a Gaussian random walk and can be transformed into a Wiener process through a specific limiting scaling procedure. This investigation establishes a novel connection between RPST and random walk theory, thereby not only expanding the applicability of RPST but also demonstrating the potential for combining the strengths of both approaches to improve problem-solving abilities.
Observation of halogen-like behavior of gold in fluorinated bimetallic CoAuF1-2− and CuAuF1-2− clusters: Anion photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory
Authors: Long Zhen-Chao , Shah Aaron , Banjade Huta , Liu Kai-Wen , Xu Hong-Guang , Zheng Weijun , Jena Puru
Published: September 2024

Using size-selected anion photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory, we investigated the structures and properties of fluorinated bimetallic clusters CoAuF1-2− and CuAuF1-2− and their neutrals. Both experimental and theoretical results show that in these cluster anions, Au behaves like a halogen atom. For example, the measured vertical detachment energies (VDEs) of CoAuF− (2.00 ± 0.08 eV) and CuAuF− (3.8 ± 0.1 eV) are close to those of CoF2− (2.12 ± 0.08 eV) and CuF2− (3.58 ± 0.08 eV), respectively. The theoretical results show that the geometries and electronic structures of CoAuF− and CuAuF− are similar to those of CoF2− and CuF2−. The natural population analysis and natural electron configuration analyses further confirm that the electronic properties of Au in MAuF− (M = Co, Cu) mimic those of MF2−. In addition, the electron localization function analyses show that the M-Au chemical bonds are similar to the corresponding M-F chemical bonds, providing evidence for the ionic nature of the interactions. When a second F atom is attached to the CoAuF− and CuAuF− clusters, the VDEs of the resulting CoAuF2− and CuAuF2− are 4.38 ± 0.08 eV and 3.71 ± 0.08 eV, respectively, indicating their superhalogen character as these values are higher than those of halogen anions. The results may be useful for understanding the properties of gold at the nanoscale that play an important role in catalysis and nanotechnology.
Global spectrum model of discrete dislocation equation
Authors: Zhang Shujun , Wang Shaofeng
Published: September 2024

The fully discrete dislocation equation can be rationally derived from the spectrum model. In this paper, the previous spectrum model is reinterpreted to cover the global feature of the spectrum. Instead of the local behavior around the origin of the Brilouin zone, the global spectrum model focuses the maximum at the boundary of the Brillouin as well as the slope at the origin of the Brilouin zone. The strength of the point-contact interaction that effectively describes the discreteness effect becomes larger because the whole lattice effect is included in the global spectrum model. The validness and signification of the new model are illustrated by a solvable lattice dynamical model of the cubic lattice.
Wake flow behind a transversely rotating sphere confined in a pipe at low Reynolds numbers
Authors: Yin Guang , Ong Muk Chen
Published: September 2024

Direct numerical simulations are performed to investigate the flow past a transversely rotating sphere confined in a pipe. Three sphere diameters of d=0.2D, 0.5D, and 0.8D (D is the pipe diameter) and sphere Reynolds numbers (based on the sphere cross-sectional mean velocity and d) of Res=250–500 are considered. The simulation results highlight the combined effects of the blockage ratio (BR=d/D) and the nondimensionalized rotation rate Ω in the range of 0.2–1.2 on the wake flow. For each BR, with increasing Res and Ω, the wake flow undergoes a transition of the flow pattern from steady symmetry and unsteady symmetry to unsteady asymmetry. For BR=0.2, the variation in flow behaviors with Ω is similar to those reported in the previous studies on a transversely rotating sphere subjected to a uniform flow. With increasing BR from 0.2 to 0.5, the unsteady asymmetric wake flow is characterized by distorted near-wake vortex rings and a series of staggered inward rolled-up vortex arcs on the double streamwise vortex threads, which results in a low-frequency modulation of the unsteady wake flow. These rolled-up vortex arcs are connected with downstream quasi-streamwise vortices and form hairpin-like vortices. Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) analysis shows that the distorted near-wake vortex rings are associated with the antisymmetric DMD mode at the adjacent frequency around the symmetric primary DMD mode. With BR=0.8, there is a drastic increase in the sphere's force coefficients. A more complex wake flow behavior is found due to a strong interaction between the wake flow and the near-pipe-wall flow. At Ω=1.2, dominant asymmetric flow structures are characterized by impingement of the vortex filaments. The low-frequency modulation of these wake structures is also analyzed using the DMD analysis.
A volume rendering visualization method oriented to explosion field features
Authors: Ning Jianguo , Zhao Haitao , Xu Xiangzhao
Published: September 2024

To observe the deformation and the failure process of solid objects in explosion and impact simulations, the clarity and accuracy of simulation image representations should be ensured. However, in the results of three-dimensional (3D) explosion field rendering, surface confusion and blurred images of the microstructure often lead to misunderstandings of the simulation results. In this work, based on the ray casting method and the Blinn–Phong lighting model, a volume rendering method is proposed that can adapt to the characteristics of step changes in the explosion field data and satisfies the requirements of observing the microstructure. The Blinn–Phong lighting model is applied to the light and shade calculation of the resampling point, and the gradient of the resampling point is obtained via interpolation calculations; then, it is normalized to obtain the normal vector. Finally, the opacity of the resampling point and the associated material color are substituted into the ray casting synthesis formula. In addition, several groups of examples of visual effects are analyzed from the subjective point of view of human visual effects and the objective points of view of image entropy, the mean gradient, image mean, and standard deviation. The results show that the new method addresses the problem of interface color confusion, improves the accuracy of microstructure rendering in solid media, increases the spatial sense of visual images, and satisfies the visualization requirements for explosion products and shock waves. At the same time, this approach effectively shortens the time for volume rendering of the explosion field.
Molecular dynamics of quantitative evaluation of confined fluid behavior in nanopores media and the influencing mechanism: Pore size and pore geometry
Authors: Zhao Rixin , Xue Haitao , Lu Shuangfang , Greenwell H. Chris , Xu Yaohui , He Taohua , Erastova Valentina
Published: September 2024

Understanding the potential mechanisms of reservoir fluid storage, transport, and oil recovery in shale matrices requires an accurate and quantitative evaluation of the fluid behavior and phase state characteristics of the confined fluid in nanopores as well as the elucidation of the mechanisms within complex pore structures. The research to date has preliminary focused on the fluid behavior and its influencing factors within a single nanopore morphology, with limited attention of the role of pore structures in controlling fluid behavior and a lack of quantitative methods for characterizing the phase state of fluids. To address this gap, we utilize molecular dynamics simulations to examine the phase state characteristics of confined fluids across various pore sizes and geometries, revealing the mechanisms by which wall boundary conditions influence fluid behavior. We use the simulation results to validate the accuracy and applicability of the quantitative characterization model for fluid phase state properties. Our findings show that the phase state features of fluids differ significantly between slit-like and cylindrical pores, with lower absorption limits in pore sizes of 2.8 and 7 nm, respectively. Based on pore sizes, we identified three regions of confined fluid phases and determined that the influence of the adsorbed state fraction on fluid phase state cannot be ignored for pores smaller than approximately 85 nm. Additionally, cylindrical pores interact with the internal fluids about 1.8 times stronger than slit-like pores.
Closure to the PRISM equation derived from nonlinear response theory
Authors: Donley James P.
Published: September 2024

Nonlinear response theory is employed to derive a closure to the polymer reference interaction site model equation. The closure applies to a liquid of neutral polymers at melt densities. It can be considered a molecular generalization of the mean spherical approximation (MSA) closure of Lebowitz and Percus to the atomic Ornstein–Zernike (OZ) equation and is similar in some aspects to the reference “molecular” MSA (R-MMSA) closure of Schweizer and Yethiraj to PRISM. For a model binary blend of freely-jointed chains, the new closure predicts an unmixing critical temperature, Tc, via the susceptibility route that scales linearly with molecular weight, N, in agreement with Flory theory. Predictions for Tc of the new closure differ greatest from those of the R-MMSA at intermediate N, the latter being about 40% higher than the former there, but at large N, both theories give about the same values. For an isotopic blend of polyethylene, the new and R-MMSA closures predict a Tc about 25% higher than the experimental value, which is only moderately less accurate than the prediction of atomic OZ-MSA theory for Tc of methane. In this way, the derivation and its consequences help to identify the ingredients in a theory needed to properly model the equilibrium properties of a polymeric liquid at both short and long lengthscales.
Investigation of the decisive factor for the effectiveness of biomimetic protuberances during the stall process
Authors: Chang Hong , Li Deyou , Wei Xuntong , He Yurong , Wang Hongjie , Zuo Zhigang
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the influence of leading-edge protuberances (LEP) on the stall process of airfoils to identify the decisive factor in the effectiveness of LEPs. Owing to its clearly defined three-dimensional structure, an LEP introduces uncertainties into its effects on the stall angle of attack and the lift coefficient curve. This poses a challenge for several airfoils when universal stall control strategies are adopted. These problems were studied by classifying 12 symmetrical baseline airfoil types based on their blade thicknesses under the condition of Re = 180 000. These include thin airfoil stalls (TS), leading-edge stalls (LS), and a combination of leading-edge and trailing-edge stalls (CS). Two representative airfoils from each category were selected to study single-protuberance airfoils. The distribution of the suction surface momentum and evolution of the spanwise vortices revealed that the streamwise vortices induced by the LEP resulted in an attached flow. However, the impact of these flow patterns varies depending on the type of airfoil used. The TS and LS airfoils experienced an increase in the stall angle and maximum lift coefficient, resulting in an overall improvement in the airfoil performance. The CS airfoils are the most heavily influenced, experiencing a decrease in the maximum lift coefficient and exhibiting phenomena such as a one-sided stall and step-by-step stall. Finally, this paper proposes for the first time that the main factor influencing the different effects of protuberances is the stall type of the airfoil. This new knowledge can serve as a valuable reference for the implementation of protuberances in practical mechanical applications.
Constructing potential energy surface for carbon-chain containing systems using the radial angular network with gradual expansion method
Authors: Bop C. T. , Lique F.
Published: September 2024

Investigating molecular excitation induced by collisions requires the prior determination of accurate analytical potential energy surfaces for the colliding partners. For carbon-chain molecules, such as cyanopolyynes, this has been a longstanding challenge, resulting in the absence of rate coefficients for HC5N, HC7N, HC9N, and others, induced by collisions with He. To overcome this bottleneck, we introduce a new approach: the Radial Angular Network with Gradual Expansion (RANGE). This method jointly connects the construction of ab initio interaction potentials with the determination of their analytical forms. We use the HC3N–He molecular complex as a reference to assess the reliability of our method, given that its analytical potential has been derived using various methods. Additionally, we apply the RANGE approach to construct the analytical representation of the interaction potential for HC5N–He and HC7N–He. The analysis of the analytical potentials reveals three systematic trends: (i) the anisotropy increases with the length of the carbon chain, (ii) the number of local minima correlates with the number of carbon atoms, and (iii) the shallowest local minimum is consistently located at ∼30 cm−1 below the dissociation limit of the complex. Using the time-independent quantum mechanical close-coupling formalism, we briefly estimate the propensity rules governing the excitation of HC3N, HC5N, and HC7N induced by collisions with He. Consequently, the three collisional systems exhibit the same propensity rule, favoring Δj = 2 transitions.
A robust optimization strategy for brushless DC motor repetitive controller based on H-infinity
Authors: Wang Tianli , Yuan Tianqing , Bai Jing
Published: September 2024

The control of Brushless DC (BLDC) motor has many challenges. A large number of harmonics are generated during motor operation, while it is susceptible to external disturbances such as noise. The large torque ripple is also a constraint to the large-scale popularity of BLDC motors in some high-end industries. Taking the BLDC motor control system as the research object, this paper proposes a control method of H-infinity repetitive control. First, the state space expression is derived from the mathematical model of the BLDC motor. Then, the parameters of the low-pass filter in the internal mode link are obtained for the design of the internal mode link in the repetitive control. In addition, the H-infinity repetitive control system for the BLDC motor is constructed and converted into the standard form of the H-infinity system. Finally, bringing the generalized controlled object in the standard form of the H-infinity into MATLAB to derive the compliant compensator. The simulation results show that the proposed method can not only suppress harmonics but also improve the robustness of the BLDC motor control system.
Optical conductivity of the Majorana mode at the
s
- and
d
-wave topological superconductor edge
Authors: Kamra Lina Johnsen , Lu Bo , Linder Jacob , Tanaka Yukio , Nagaosa Naoto
Published: September 2024

The Majorana fermion offers fascinating possibilities such as non-Abelian statistics and nonlocal robust qubits, and hunting it is one of the most important topics in current condensed matter physics. Most of the efforts have been focused on the Majorana bound state at zero energy in terms of scanning tunneling spectroscopy searching for the quantized conductance. On the other hand, a chiral Majorana edge channel appears at the surface of a three-dimensional topological insulator when engineering an interface between proximity-induced superconductivity and ferromagnetism. Recent advances in microwave spectroscopy of topological edge states open a new avenue for observing signatures of such Majorana edge states through the local optical conductivity. As a guide to future experiments, we show how the local optical conductivity and density of states present distinct qualitative features depending on the symmetry of the superconductivity, that can be tuned via the magnetization and temperature. In particular, the presence of the Majorana edge state leads to a characteristic nonmonotonic temperature dependence achieved by tuning the magnetization.