bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How to Challenge Fluctuating Requirements – Results from Three Companies
Authors: Stolt Roland  , Johansson Joel  , André Samuel  , Heikkinen Tim  , Elgh Fredrik
Published: February 2025

This paper presents the results from a research project conducted by the research group Computer Supported Engineering Design (CSED) in Jonkoping University in Sweden. The project has the aim of increasing companies' ability to respond to fluctuating requirements when developing new products and product variants. The companies participating in the project represents automotive, aerospace and production equipment industries. Three different cases of applications have been developed and implemented in the companies. Product models ranging from product to knowledge centered for use in the company's product and technology platforms have been demonstrated and evaluated though interviews with professionals at the companies. To summarize, the results shows that the companies' abilities to respond to fluctuating requirements have increased albeit concerns have been raised on the maintenance of knowledge in the implementations.
Influence of Organizational Characteristics in the Sustainability Strategy
Authors: Kai Dalton Alexandre  , de Jesus Érica Tessaro  , Pereira Everaldo Antonio  , Pinheiro de Lima Edson  , Tortato Ubiratã
Published: February 2025

The corporate sustainability is about incorporating sustainability into corporate strategy, and it will be decisive for the business development. It also emphasizes the search for a balance in the economic, social and environmental perspectives. This strategic adoption changes the management and organizational characteristics, but the question is if the opposite can happen. In this sense tried to relate some characteristics in a sample of companies, with the sustainability strategy. From the data collected was used a multinomial logistic regression analysis. There was the relationship between five companies characteristics (independent variables) with 15 aspects of corporate strategy and sustainability (independent variables). Thus, the conclusion that has sustainability in the strategic agenda has an important influence in the sustainability strategy for these companies and other features can also exercise, even if on a less scale.
An Application Domain-Based Taxonomy for IoT Sensors
Authors: Rozsa Vitor  , Denisczwicz Marta  , Dutra Moisés  , Ghodous Parisa  , Ferreira da Silva Catarina  , Moayeri Nader  , Biennier Frédérique  , Figay Nicolas
Published: February 2025

If we look at the Internet of Things (IoT) from a viewpoint that comprises higher levels of abstraction, we will see that the IoT generated data can actually be transformed into more complex information, which would in turn facilitate the lives of human users. Because sensors have different purposes and measure different phenomena, it is necessary to know them and their different areas and domains of application so we can make a better use of their potential. This paper presents the identification and categorization of the main sensors used these days to build IoT applications, arranged in a taxonomy of application domains and sensor measurement types. To this purpose, we review the literature in order to identify IoT solutions, areas and domains of application and the main sensor types employed in these solutions. We hope this taxonomy can provide IoT designers, developers, and researchers with a snapshot of how sensors are currently used in the IoT application domains. Knowing the source devices is a key strategy to provide publication, discovery, sharing, reuse and integration of data/information within the IoT. We believe identifying and categorizing those sensors could be the first step to creating in the future a common communication model, which could be instantiated from each environmental context on the IoT.
Managing Dependencies in Heterogeneous Design Automation Systems
Authors: Hjertberg Tim  , Stolt Roland  , Elgh Fredrik
Published: February 2025

Increasing competition in cost efficiency, lead-times, product quality, quotation accuracy, and abilities to provide customization drives companies toward development and adoption of new methods. To re-use knowledge gained from previous projects in order to avoid producing the same knowledge again and to circumvent previously encountered obstacles is an approach which is more or less used by most companies. Utilization of Design Automation (DA) systems in the engineering design process have proven to increase process efficiency and to enable new ways of working by systematic re-use of engineering knowledge. In order to ensure system longevity, industrial practitioners and researchers have pointed at implementation and long term management as important aspects to consider during development. The systems are often built on top of commercial software and legacy systems integrated by different types of scripts and system descriptions which becomes dependent of each other in different ways. Changes made during maintenance in one of these artifacts propagates through the dependency structure making traceability and transparency key factors for keeping the system valid over time. This paper presents a description of the problem in a real industrial setting together with a suggestion of an approach, based on set-up and management of dependencies between sections inside and across different types of system components, which is aimed to aid implementation and management of DA tools. A prototype system which informs the user, of functional sections related to a functional section to be updated, have been developed. The prototype is applied on a multidisciplinary heterogeneous system environment used for simulation based knowledge build up and concept evaluations of jet engine components.
Interoperability Assessment Approach in Cancer Healthcare
Authors: Scuissiatto Victor  , Loures Eduardo  , Portela Eduardo
Published: February 2025

Hospitals have constantly pursued quick, efficient, and quality services in order to fulfill customer/patient needs, thus causing improvement and innovation capability to be in tune with the processes executed. In general terms, services have been a big challenge to hospitals, once the current demand is not fulfilled. The appropriate management of processes and information flow greatly influence the operational performance of the involved hospital entities. Such integration and collaboration scenario promotes the identification of barriers to the organizational good performance, and regards interoperability perspectives an important assessment tool. This paper presents the IAMinCH – Interoperability Assessment Model for Cancer Healthcare domain, designed for the assessment of the interoperability capability in the cancer treatment sector, which is complex a analysis structure based on the AHP method, performance attributes deriving from different information sources are assessed and organized under the interoperability perspective. The results achieved enable a diagnostic view that better addresses the development of an improvement plan concerning the hospital interoperability capabilities in cancer healthcare.
Developing BIM Culture in a University – Past and Future Steps
Authors: Muller Marina  , Loures Eduardo  , Mendes Jr. Ricardo  , Canciglieri Jr. Osiris  , Freitas Maria Do Carmo Duarte  , Frederico Guilherme Francisco
Published: February 2025

Building information modelling (BIM) still faces adoption barriers in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction industry (AEC). One of the barriers perceived in literature was the lack of professionals with knowledge and BIM competences developed, also due to the fact that BIM is not commonly taught in universities yet, especially in Brazil. Through a case study, this paper analyzed one university that developed a BIM research culture in its curriculum. The study identified a set of three steps to implement a BIM culture in the university: Hiring lecturers and professors with BIM knowledge, creation of a BIM class and the development of a BIM research culture in undergraduate levels. Then, three further steps were suggested to widespread and deepen the use, study and research of BIM in the university: Further capacitation of professors and lecturers, develop BIM research groups and advance post-graduate research and the insertion of BIM concepts in other subjects. A questionnaire sent to the professors and course coordinators involved with the process corroborated the steps perceived through document analysis.
A Framework for Interoperability Assessment in Crisis Management
Authors: Avanzi Daniel da Silva  , Foggiatto Anderson  , Loures Eduardo de Freitas Rocha  , Deschamps Fernando
Published: February 2025

It is noticeable the growing of the various types of concerns in large centers, whether by citizens or public officials. In that sense, an important dimension is the crises management such as in cases of natural disasters. This scenario calls for a task force in an attempt to predict or solve emergencies, especially in managing and integrating public and private spheres, which in turn are centered on public authorities, service providers, citizens, volunteers and systems. In order to allow the exchange of information and joint actions of those involved entities, the fulfillment of interoperability requirements become a critical factor promoting improved performance of the actions taken in situations of crisis. Based on the literature and related worldwide initiatives, the main concerns and attributes of crisis management are identified from the perspective of interoperability. Founded on this knowledge a framework that supports a Disaster Response Management System (DRMS) development cycle is proposed. In this paper, a focus is done on a diagnostic step based on a Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) in order to assess potential interoperability of a public entity or locality. The proposed MCDA method facilitates the specification of integrated solutions for the public sector to meet interoperability requirements in disaster management scenarios.
A Proposal for a BPR Based Method Applied to Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Cavalheri Evandro H.  , Rudek Marcelo  , Canciglieri Jr. Osiris  , Minato Evandro  , Almeida Wesley M.  , da Veiga Claudimar P.
Published: February 2025

The objective of this article is to propose a conceptual model of a method of modelling processes adapted to Higher Education Institutions – HEI, based on the BPR – Business Process Reengineering. HEI is a type of company that has activity focused to provide services, but their operations have specific characteristics and a high level of complexity. The method can be applied in different processes in an HEI, because it covers specifics of the activity for possible significant improvements. To develop the method, the concepts such Operations Strategy added to concepts of Business Process Management, based on the reengineering of processes were applied. The key advantage is that the application of proposed method, can ensure that the process is aligned with the strategy. For the application of the method, a set of six stages are defined. Among the main objectives of process modelling as improvement of processes, at an HEI, you can set its strategy for a certain period; have a certain number of students enrolled in a particular discipline, in a certain language. Therefore, the core activity of the HEI is teaching, since the student must attend a number of disciplines, the institution will offer these disciplines, meeting their demand. However, to move it forward on its strategy, the HEI must not only offer this discipline, but also offer it in a definite language of the strategy plan. The text show an example of educational process modelled according proposed method and discusses the applicability for the different levels processes.
Active Vibration Control Applying H-Infinity Norm in a Composite Laminated Beam
Authors: da Silva Camila Albertin Xavier  , Colombo Daniel Almeida  , Corrêa Renan Franco  , Lara-Molina Fabian Andres  , Koroishi Edson Hideki
Published: February 2025

The use of active vibration control techniques applying piezoelectric actuators can show satisfactory results. This paper proposes an active vibration control technique based on H-infinity Norm, which is applied to a piezoelectric actuator bonded to a composite structure forming a so-called smart composite structure. The structural model is stablished for a rectangular shape beam by Serendipity type finite element based on first-order shear deformation theory with eight nodes, five degrees of freedom (DOF) per node and eight electrical DOF per piezoelectric. Furthermore, a mixed theory that uses a single equivalent layer for the discretization of the mechanical displacement field and a layerwise representation of the electrical field is adopted. Temperature effects are neglected. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control methodology for composite structures.
Adapting Nautical Technology for Aircraft Emergency Location Tracking in a Maritime Environment
Authors: Peters Liam E.G.  , Bil Cees  , Marzocca Pier
Published: February 2025

This paper discusses an investigation into retrofitting a standard nautical Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB) on aicraft. The proposed solution will eject the EPIRB automatically away from the aircraft prior to water impact to ensure that it falls clear of any debris. For this system to be accepted by aircraft operators the retrofit needs to be cost effective and reliable with additionaly consideration being required for maintenance and installation. The selected location cannot interfere with the existing aircraft structural integrity and performance so as to avoid costly certification. The EPIRB ejecrion system will need to activate automatically under pre-determined conditions so as to allow succesful deployment of the EPIRB even if the aircraft breaks apart during descent. Once the beacon is in water the EPIRB will begin to transit GPS coordinates so its position is able to be tracked as it drifts on ocean currents.
Classification and Use of Methods and Tools in New Product Development
Authors: Fernandes Sânia C.  , Rozenfeld Henrique  , Costa Janaina M.H.
Published: February 2025

The new product development (NPD) is considered an important business process to determine the competitive advantage of companies. In order to launch products successfully, methods and tools have been applied by companies for improving and supporting the activities performed in that process. However, a comprehensive and integrative classification of new product development methods and tools is not clear. Beyond that, regarding how useful the practitioners consider the methods and tools, the adoption, diffusion and application dimensions of them are still research challenges. To address these issues, the aim of this research is to present a classification of methods and tools, besides to present which of them are really applied and useful in new product development of companies. The novelty of this proposal involves the practical perspective encompassing the practitioner's point of view, which goes beyond the theoretical perspective. Methods and tools identified by means of literature review were classified using a qualitative approach. The classification was validated by practitioners of ten companies specialized in product development. Key findings of the classification proposed are presented based on the following categories: performance objective related, added value, complexity and implementation cost. Finally, the research provides an overview of the usefulness and attractiveness of methods and tools. It can support a valuable guidance for companies in order to improve the use of the most useful ones.
Using Business Process Models for Supporting Early Digital Mockup
Authors: Schmidt Juliana  , Borsato Milton  , Hinckel Edmar  , Maccari Fabio  , Storrer Paulo  , Onofre Eduardo
Published: February 2025

In the present scenario of search for quality and competitiveness, many companies use digital mockups to analyze performance, manufacturability, maintainability and other characteristics of products. Virtual prototyping, or DMU (Digital Mockup), consists of an environment where one can check products and processes, exchange information and make decisions, from the conceptual design stage through detailing. However, by restriction time or lack of appropriate guidelines, many of these activities are postponed or neglected. The present work aims to define a sequence of DMU analysis activities, applicable to different industries, able to reduce rework and assist architects and designers in identifying inconsistencies in digital mockups. Modeled in BPMN (Business Process Model and Notation) standard, the process proposed herein provides analysis in areas such as assembly, security, ergonomics, manufacturing, operation and maintenance. To verify the process applicability and consistency, the context of an agriculture equipment manufacturing company was considered. In this study, aligned with the principles of DSR (Design Science Research), it was necessary to identify the flow of activities involved (i.e. product architects and designers) as well as their needs and constraints. The evaluation of process performance was done through questionnaires submitted to stakeholders. From the application of the proposed solution, it is possible to reduce the number of reworks and identify problems in early stages of product development, thus contributing to improvement of quality indicators and competitiveness of enterprises.
Systems Integration in the Lean Manufacturing Systems Value Chain to Meet Industry 4.0 Requirements
Authors: Doh Stephanie W.  , Deschamps Fernando  , Pinheiro de Lima Edson
Published: February 2025

In the last two decades, technological and managerial changes are helping industrial organizations address the growing need to become more competitive, reducing production costs and delivering products that meet quality standards with higher performance. Two factors play a major role in this scenario. The first factor is the widespread application of automation technologies that make extensive use of intelligent information processing techniques, a paradigm that has been called Industry 4.0. The second factor is the adoption of the lean philosophy, with its focus on efficiency, effectiveness and waste reduction by emphasizing the core value that must be delivered to customers. Making decisions related to changes in a production environment usually involves considering aspects related to these factors and their relationships, which in most cases are non-trivial. This work is a historical review of the literature of the industrial revolution to the new industry 4.0, added the needs of automation use in lean production systems and supply chain characterization to develop a framework for integration of information systems and technologies in the stages of the chain value manufacturing.
Aircraft Disposal and Recycle Cost Estimation
Authors: Zhao Xiaojia  , Verhagen Wim J.C.  , Curran Richard
Published: February 2025

The present study develops a method for the sake of evaluating Disposal and Recycle (D&R) cost in view of the increasing demand in aircraft retirement. Firstly, a process model is extracted. The subordinated cost elements are also identified. Next, the cost aggregations based on the D&R process steps are discussed. Moreover, it proposes an economic indicator to support the determination of the aircraft D&R strategies. The indicator is used to evaluate the economic performance and to facilitate the trade-off studies among different D&R scenarios. This analysis is demonstrated on two aircraft types with two scenarios. In addition, sensitivity analysis evaluating the impact of the salvage value, residual value, D&R cost, and the learning factor is performed. It is found that the engine D&R possesses more economic gains than that of the aircraft. The salvage value and residual value are the main factors which influence the D&R economic performance.
A Model for Advanced Manufacturing Engineering in R&D Technology Projects Through DFMA and MRL Integration
Authors: Biesek Fernando Luiz  , Ferreira Cristiano Vasconcellos
Published: February 2025

The aim of this paper is to present a model that takes into account aspects related to manufacturing engineering in research and development projects. The proposed model integrates the tools of DFMA (Design for Manufacturing and Assembly) and MRL (Manufacturing Readiness Level).Design for Manufacturing and Assembly is used as a method to provide guidance to the design team in simplifying the product structure, to reduce manufacturing and assembly costs, and to quantify improvements. Manufacturing Readiness Level (MRL) is a measure to assess the maturity of manufacturing readiness, similar to how Technology Readiness Levels (TRL) are used for technology readiness. The proposed method was applied in a research and development project at a refrigeration industry, in its technology definition phase. The results were a significant change in product design, bringing benefits as reduction of investment and product cost by 25% and 20%. Is also possible perceive that the anticipation of the manufacturing project, when working simultaneously with the technology maturation is allowing the most reliable debugging at a product, permitting a reduction in the lead time.
Diagnostic Techniques in Project Management
Authors: Bianchi Michael J.  , Amaral Daniel C.  , Conforto Edivandro C.
Published: February 2025

Project management practices are critical to improve quality and success of the results. One of the main challenges for project professionals is to identify the characteristics of each project in order to choose a more suitable set of practices and tools that will contribute to greater management performance. In this article, a systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to identify studies related to diagnose techniques in the project management. Through this review, 22 articles were selected. This paper presents a set of diagnostic tools in order to assist in solving this challenge. Developing a better understanding on how to apply these diagnostic tools, professionals will be able to select management practices that are better suited for different types of projects in their organizations. One main restriction found across the diagnostic tools identified is that they do not indicate how to improve project management performance. From the theory standpoint, scholars could compare how project performance is influenced by different management practices and their combinations.
Modifying Maintenance Practices Within a Maritime Support Solution – A Cultural Perspective
Authors: Van Oosterhout Daniel  , Bil Cees
Published: February 2025

Maintenance culture is a critical factor in sea power delivery and is embedded throughout all aspects of the maritime support solution. Preliminary research suggests that Royal Australian Navy (RAN) maintenance staff and civilian support organisations do not hold positive attitudes towards asset management. As a result, there is evidence that maintenance culture should be defined and improved. However there are no adequate instruments available to measure this gap in culture and attitude within the RAN, or their associated support organisations. Hence the intent of this research is to validate the theory of a poor maintenance culture across all facets of the RAN ship maintenance support solution. Maintenance culture has for too long been about maintaining ships rather than maintaining ship's reliability (also known as conducting maintenance for the sake of conducting maintenance). This paper investigates asset maintenance support solutions leveraging experience from alternative industry to augment the culture towards maintaining naval assets.
Building Integrity and Reducing Corruption in Defence and Security Sectors
Authors: Tagarev Todor  , Fluri Philipp H.
Published: February 2025

Armed forces and security agencies are highly trusted national institutions. However, that does not make them unsusceptible to corruption. Even minor cases of corruption damage their reputation and impact their capacity to protect the country and people. If not curbed, corruption may permeate the fabric of security institutions and allow “state capture”. With this understanding, allies and NATO partners launched the Building Integrity (BI) initiative. This paper presents the activities of the Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) in this initiative and the follow-up programme. DCAF's approach to the problem of corruption in security and defence organisations builds on an evolving body of knowledge and experience, setting BI activities in security sector governance and an institution building framework. The paper presents DCAF's approach, along with the statement that the key to the effectiveness of future counter-corruption efforts and sustainable international support is the collection and sharing of data and evidence on corruption in security and defence and the effectiveness of BI programmes.
Modeling Maritime Contraband Trafficking Activities with the Agent-Based Approach
Authors: Vaněk Ondřej  , Kopřiva Štěpán  , Ondráček Jakub  , Hrstka Ondřej  , Pěchouček Michal
Published: February 2025

Illegal contraband trafficking is causing serious damage in many countries. We focus on a subset of illegal maritime activities, mainly on weapon and drug trafficking. Our aim is to help naval authorities evaluate their currently deployed countermeasures by modeling the behavior of traffickers as realistically as possible, and evaluating the impact of countermeasures in an agent-based simulation. We introduce BANDIT, a simulation platform designed for this purpose. We propose a novel model of traffickers based on a state-of-the-art game-theoretical model using the latest results in behavioral modeling. We apply this model to specific scenarios for drug smuggling in the Caribbean, and we demonstrate the capabilities of the platform.
Main Aspects of Border Crossing Control Security Provision
Authors: Muradyan Samvel  , Hakobyan Robert  , Hakobyan Artashes  , Tovmasyan Vahan  , Tovmasyan Artashes
Published: February 2025

This chapter presents the key challenges of state border control provision and specific solutions required for security and efficient control provision are presented. A special attention is devoted to the discussion of possible imprecise/uncertain queries to non-homogeneous databases and provision of flexibility and speed of these queries. It also discusses the importance of data privacy and summarizes recommendations for efficient border-control system implementation.
Two-Party Oblivious DFA Evaluation Protocol
Authors: Khachatryan Gurgen  , Hovsepyan Mihran  , Jivanyan Aram
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we describe a new protocol for secure evaluation of Deterministic Finite Automata (DFA) between two parities (client and server). The protocol has no restrictions on the DFA's input alphabet and runs in a single client-server communication round. It uses O(mn) operations for client-side computations, O(mn|Q|) operations for server-side computations, and the network communication bandwidth is O(mnk|Q|) bytes where k is the security parameter of the protocol, m is the size of the DFA's input alphabet, n is the length of the input text and |Q| is the number of the DFA states. As a building block our algorithm uses the white-box based 1-out-of-n oblivious transfer protocol, which results that the protocol does no public-key operations. Apart from the description of the protocol, the paper also contains results of efficiency benchmarks done on our implementation of the protocol.
Comparative Studies on Using Semantic Filtering for Open Relation Identification
Authors: Dragos Valentina
Published: February 2025

Open information extraction is a new paradigm, which emerged to cope with the scenario where the number of relations to retrieve is too large or their type is unknown. The topic is of particular interest for security applications such as the monitoring of terrorist networks, relying heavily on one's ability to discover undisclosed connections between individuals, organizations, events or locations. This paper describes an approach developed to identify relevant relationships from textual data. Relations are understood as associations between people, organizations, locations and events, and are extracted by using a text mining algorithm based on the identification of association rules. This is a generic approach, designed to put more stress on shallow linguistic processing, in order to deal in an efficient manner with real-world sentences. Domain ontologies are used to refine the set of relations, and the impact of this semantic filtering is evaluated through experiments conducted in the field of intelligence analysis.
Selective Sensitivity Sensor for Explosive Detection and Identification
Authors: Khudaverdyan Surik  , Tsaturyan Stepan  , Vaseashta Ashok
Published: February 2025

Explosive identification is a contemporary issue in air transportation security. In this work, a new approach is developed for using a portable photospectrometer with a selective sensitivity sensor, namely a photodiode, to detect and identify explosives. Explosive mixtures in natural objects are identified, and quantitative analysis with data display is achieved using photospectrometry. The new physical capability (photodiode) applied in the sensor enables spatial separation and selection of UV and visible waves with calculated spectral accuracy of 5 nm. The developed algorithm for contactless spectral analysis ensures photodetector operation without preliminary calibration. A new approach for passenger-friendly and secure airport security checks is developed. A narrow corridor (1.5–2m wide and 2–3m long) is equipped with sensor tents, and a specific wavelength laser beam generator remotely identifies explosives. The camera in the corridor captures an image of the suspect if explosive detection is triggered by the sensor array.
Telemedicine for Disaster Management: Opportunities, Challenges, and Requirements
Authors: Latifi Rifat  , Doarn Charles R.  , Zoicas Claudiu  , Hostiuc Filip  , Arafat Raed
Published: February 2025

Recent technological developments have made possible the application of telemedicine in the management of trauma and emergency situations, especially in remote areas and isolated communities. What has not been tested effectively remains the use of telemedicine in major disaster management, despite a few examples previously reported. The biggest promise of telemedicine for disaster management is the intervention in the ‘golden hour’, which is the 60 minutes immediately following a traumatic event. While transformation of a chaotic situation caused by a disaster through the use of telemedicine has been demonstrated, the use of a multinational telemedicine system (MnTS) in the management of these situations has not been fully demonstrated. Furthermore, what is truly attractive is the use of the multinational telemedicine concept as an intervention method in major disasters and catastrophes across the different countries or regions, where a number of elements are tested, including language, expertise, communication, licensure and other components. While there are a number of challenges in the application of the MnTS, the opportunities and potential benefits outweigh these challenges. In this chapter, we review both challenges and opportunities in application of telemedicine in the disaster management. Establishing a nationwide program of telemedicine in one country is complex and has its own challenges. Efforts in Albania, Kosova, and Cabo Verde serve as examples to illustrate these challenges using established telemedicine programs to manage disasters in a structured pre-planned way, provides a foundational process. Aside from a few demonstrations over the past several decades, there is limited data on how existing systems are applied. Telemedicine efforts in Albania have been utilized at a high level for administrative management of flooding in 2010. There are a number of challenges in developing and deploying a MnTS to a country or region affected by disasters. These will be reviewed in this chapter.
Co-Scheduling: Prospects and Challenges
Authors: Trinitis Carsten  , Weidendorfer Josef  , Brinkmann André
Published: February 2025

In this chapter, we explain our view on the benefits of using co-scheduling for high performance computing in the future. To this end, we start with the issues of the current situation and a motivation. Then we define what we see as the main requirements for co-scheduling. Finally, we list the challenges we see on the way to effective and beneficial co-scheduling in compute centers.
Virtualization in HPC
Authors: Pickartz Simon  , Breitbart Jens  , Clauss Carsten  , Lankes Stefan  , Monti Antonello
Published: February 2025

Only few High-Performance Computing (HPC) applications exploit the whole computing power of current supercomputers. This trend is not likely to change in the near future since the performance increase is expected to stem from explicit parallelism adding to the burden of the application programmers to write efficient code. Co-scheduling is expected to be one means to cope with this issue by a revocation of the exclusive assignment of jobs to nodes and vice versa. This approach demands for dynamic schedules as jobs come and go influencing the optimal distribution of the processes across the cluster. Therefore, we consider virtualization techniques valuable for future supercomputers. On the one hand, they facilitate a strong isolation between applications running on the same nodes and enable the seamless migration thereof. On the other hand, recent hardware developments diminish the performance gap that is introduced by the virtualization layer to native execution.
Future of International Terrorism and NATO's Countering Measures
Authors: Kocabas Y. Uğur
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the impact of current economic, social, technological and political trends shaping the future of terrorism. The world of tomorrow will be derived from our world today. To be able to understand future dynamics of terrorism, we need to analyse past patterns, trending elements and visible course of existing political violence. It is clear that today's trends such as demographic patterns, individual empowerment, resource demands, and a changing world order will a play decisive role in tomorrow's conflicts. These trends will interact with emerging dynamics of today's terrorism such as radicalisation, lone-wolf terrorism, suicide terrorism, use of weapons of mass destruction, and terrorist use of technology. Although how these elements interact with one another and what they yield remains a mystery, we may still assert that in 20 years two conflicting trends may dominate the arena: self-incited highly capable lone-wolves and complex, inter-connected terrorist networks.
Security of the Caucasus and Neighboring Regions
Authors: Huseynova Reyhan
Published: February 2025

As in most countries, the struggle against terrorism has become one of main priorities for Azerbaijan. The country has taken steps to strengthen its own antiterrorism laws and has cooperated on issues such as tracking terrorism financing and in antiterrorism campaigns. Azerbaijan can play the main role in maintaining security in the Caucasus region and promote regional cooperation between the countries of South Caucasus and Central Asia regarding the fight against terrorism, drug trafficking, as well as energy security. Today, to counter the terrorism threat in the region and to reduce current risks we need coordination among states and joint implementation of the international legal instruments in the following areas: Security of the transit routes connecting Caspian energy resources with European markets; Unsolved conflicts; The rise of militant and radical islam; Ecological disaster areas.
Prevention, Anti-Radicalisation and the Role of Social Media: A View from Germany
Authors: Nitsch Holger  , Irani Dominik
Published: February 2025

Recent terrorist attacks in Europe have drawn further attention to the question of why it is that mostly young people are attracted by radical ideologies and, in particular, the role social media plays in processes of radicalisation. As radical groups increasingly use social media to lure individuals into violent extremism and terrorism, this chapter addresses the different aspects of the role of social media in radicalisation processes. Social media can also be used as a tool to prevent radicalisation and violent extremism however. The same methodologies of persuasion may, it is argued herein, be valid for radicalisation, anti-radicalisation, and de-radicalisation purposes also.
A Novel TMR-Based Sensor in Injected Direct Current Field Measurement for Nonferrous Metal Inspection
Authors: Zhang Jikai  , Li Donglin  , Kang Yihua
Published: February 2025

Conventional electromagnetic testing methods based on inducing alternating current (AC) are confined to detect facial defects because of the skin effect. Aiming at nonferrous metal detection, this paper proposes an injected direct current field measurement (IDCFM) based on a tunnel magneto resistance (TMR) sensor. By injecting a direct current (DC) to nonferrous metal, a constant magnetic field will be excited around the surface of nonferrous metal. As cracks exist inside or near the surface of the nonferrous metal, the current distribution will be disturbed, which causes the change of external magnetic field. Therefore tiny cracks on the surface and inside defects can be detected and located by using a TMR sensor with high sensitivity. A three-dimensional finite-element method was employed to model the magnetic field produced by the DC current. The difference in magnetic field under different magnitudes of direct current was discussed. Simulation results showed a linearity between the external magnetic field intensity and the injected DC intensity. Contrast experiments with coils, Hall elements, GMR sensors and TMR sensors were also carried out. IDCFM signals with different sensors were compared under the same current intensity. The performance of four different sensors under different injected direct current was also compared through experiments. Experiments indicated that TMR sensors have many advantages over other sensors. Applying TMR sensors in IDCFM method, the precision could be 10 times greater than that of GMR sensors, and hundreds times greater than that of Hall elements. Also, the current intensity in IDCFM could be reduced from 100 A to less than 1 A utilizing TMR sensors, which allows IDCFM method to operate continuously for a long time without damaging the workpiece.
Fast Model of Transient Electromagnetic Response to Geological Structures Ahead of Tunnel Face
Authors: Liu Lanbo  , Zhang Fengkai  , Huang Qinghua  , Li Shucai  , Sun Huaifeng
Published: February 2025

Safety is the key issue during the process of tunnel construction. High pressure water and mud burst and the resultant tunnel face collapse is one of the major hazards in any tunneling projects. Detection and forecasting of potential water-bearing geological structures (usually one or another kind of zone of weakness, such as faults and shear zones) in front of the tunnel face, consequently, is the first step to reduce the risk in tunnel construction. Transient (or time domain) electromagnetic (TEM) survey is a major tool to detect and image conductive targets in the geologic formation so that it is an effective method to sense water-bearing structures (high water content resulting in a high conductivity zone than the surrounding formations). Previous studies on the response of TEM to water-bearing structures in front of tunnel face demonstrated that TEM is a cost-effective non-destructive evaluation (NDE) method for detect abnormal geological structures ahead of tunnel face. However, the direct computation of TEM response in the diffusion domain is computationally intensive. In this paper we adopt the correspondence principle between diffusion and wave propagation and compute the TEM response in the fictitious wave domain. With this approach we can take the advantage of the matured techniques in numerical simulation of wave propagations in time domain (such as the finite difference time domain, or FDTD). We then transform the fictitious wave field back to the diffusion domain to compare with the observation or put into the inversion process. This approach substantially increases the computation efficiency. We introduce an explicit definition of the reference frequency ω0based on the transition frequency. Based on this definition we can further define the fictitious wave propagation velocity and the equivalent electromagnetic (EM) properties of the materials. We used this approach computed the TEM response in a tunnel boring machine constructed tunnel case. The results obtained by our approach is compared with the results from direct model of TEM. The comparison results indicate that our modeling results bear all the major features that shown in the direct model. However, our approach can save about 10 times of the computation time for the same tunnel model.
Covering Depth Detection of Steel Reinforcing Bar Using Electromagnetic Method
Authors: He Dongfeng  , Shiwa Mitsuharu  , Takaya Satoshi  , Tsuchiya Koichi
Published: February 2025

An electromagnetic system was developed to detect the covering depth of steel reinforcing bar (rebar). In this system, a circular coil with the diameter of about 10 cm was used to produce the excitation magnetic field. The frequency of the AC current flow in the excitation coil was 4.2 kHz and the current amplitude was about 20 mA. A coil wrapped around a 1 cm ferrite core was used to detect the induced magnetic field by steel rebar. From the signal amplitude after demodulation, the depth information of the steel rebar was obtained. To detect deeper steel rebar, the big background signal produced by the excitation coil must be compensated. To compensate it, another coil also wrapped around the ferrite core was used. By optimizing the system, the maximum detection depth was about 220 mm. We also measured the resolution of depth measurement. It was about 0.3 mm when the depth was 50 mm, and 0.6 mm when the depth was 80 mm.
Non-Contact Structural Health Monitoring of Rotating Components Using Inductive Sensor and Time of Arrival Signal
Authors: Witos Miroslaw  , Zieja Mariusz  , Kozdra Jaroslaw
Published: February 2025

The article describes a group of diagnostics issues for rotating parts (including compressor and turbine blades, roller bearings, shafts). An indirect method has been applied for the structural health monitoring of critical machine parts, which is based on the detection of the angular position of the rotating parts and precise measurement of the time of their arrival, TOAm. The variable reluctance, eddy current sensor (in TTM method) or generator stator (in FAM and FDM methods) is the fixed part of the specific encoder. The main attention has been paid to precise measurement of TOAmand its transformation to form an additive required for expert SHM of the machine. The authors have also focused on the development of targeted, among others, to increase TOAma resolution from hundreds of nanoseconds to some picoseconds (for detecting the higher vibration modes of the phase tags) and quality analysis of measurement data containing higher harmonics.
Influence of the Heat Treatment on Magnetic Properties of Austenitic Steels
Authors: Smetana Milan  , Capova Klara  , Chudacik Vladimir  , Palcek Peter  , Oravcova Monika
Published: February 2025

This article deals with non-destructive evaluation of austenitic stainless steels, which are widely used as materials in technical praxis and as the biomaterials in medical praxis. Intrinsic magnetic field is investigated using the fluxgate sensor, after the applied heat treatment. The various AISI 316L austenitic steel specimens are studied under the same conditions. Several values of the heat treatment are applied, respectively. Intrinsic magnetic field is sensed and displayed. The obtained results are presented and discussed in the paper.
Risk Analysis of Internet Censorship Circumvention: Case Study of Anonymization Tools and Effects
Authors: Caliskan Emin
Published: February 2025

Privacy concerns in internet communications are increasing steadily among citizens who reside in both repressive regimes and other developed countries, due to the technical network interception possibilities which threat personal rights and freedom. Moreover, identifying personal identity and other private data of internet users can be easily categorized as an emerging risk which may hinder freedom of speech and other democratic rights. Due to privacy concerns and other factors mentioned above, usage of anonymity technologies on the Internet is growing. In this research, we take a closer look at the anonymization technologies, from a risk analysis perspective in terms of success rate to circumvent internet censorship efforts. Furthermore, we investigate what is the current status of Internet censorship in wide variety of nations, taking into account the couple of recent reports published by reputable sources.
The Role of Azerbaijan in Shaping Regional Cooperation for Energy Security
Authors: Jafarova Esmira
Published: February 2025

The intervention focuses on the role of Azerbaijan in shaping regional cooperation for energy security. Azerbaijan having faced with existential threats to its security after the newly acquired independence had found an escape in opening the country's rich oil and gas reserves to international exploitation, foreign direct investments that enabled the rejuvenation of the country's torn economy. The country has come a long way ever since having weathered the hardships brought by the challenges of transition as well as the burden put on its economy by large body of IDPs and refugee population in the aftermath of the ongoing conflict with the neighboring country. This affects regional security policy in light of energy.
The Impact of Russian Aggression Against Ukraine on CEI
Authors: Gonchar Mykhailo
Published: February 2025

The article focuses on the case of Ukraine, particularly referring to the time, when Ukraine lost its energy infrastructure in March 2014, three weeks after the start of the Russian invasion into Crimea. The Naval Forces of Ukraine were blocked in the bays of Sevastopol and Donuzlav. Drilling and gas extractive platforms were captured by the Russian paratroopers, who landed on the platforms. The loss of 1.6 bcm of gas from the national production of total 21.5 bcm was not very sensitive for Ukraine, as that gas was supplied for the peninsula only. However, Ukraine lost almost all marine gas production infrastructures, which had been developed in Ukraine since the 80th. It was the first but last success of the Russian forces in capturing the energy infrastructure.