bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les effets de la mention d’origine géographique locale sur les perceptions alimentaires
Authors: Merle Aurélie , Herault-Fournier Catherine , Werle Carolina O. C.
Published: October 2015

Cette recherche examine l’impact de la mention d’origine locale sur les perceptions et l’intention d’achat des produits alimentaires. Elle met par ailleurs en évidence le mécanisme psychologique spécifique à l’origine locale expliquant ces effets. Deux expérimentations, réalisées sur 632 consommateurs au total, montrent qu’un fromage (étude 1) et une pomme (étude 2) sont perçus comme étant plus sains, meilleurs au goût, plus respectueux de l’environnement et du travail des agriculteurs quand ils sont présentés comme étant des produits locaux (versus nationaux ou issus d’une autre « région »). L’intention d’achat est également plus élevée quand les produits portent la mention d’origine locale. L’étude 2 montre que ces effets peuvent être expliqués par la théorie des niveaux de représentations. Le produit local est perçu comme étant plus proche spatialement et psychologiquement par le consommateur, qui peut ainsi imaginer plus concrètement la manière dont il a été cultivé ou préparé ; ce qui influence positivement les perceptions et l’intention d’achat. Ces effets sont mesurés sur des produits qui ne sont pas typiques du territoire. Ils perdurent quel que soit le niveau d’identité locale de la personne qui évalue le produit.
Complications and Resource Utilization Associated With Mechanical Ventilation in a Medical Intensive Care Unit in 2013
Authors: Selvan Kavitha , Edriss Hawa , Sigler Mark , Nugent Kenneth M.
Published: October 2015

Introduction:

Evolving strategies for ventilator management could reduce the frequency of complications, but there is limited information about complications in contemporary intensive care units.

Methods:

We retrospectively collected information about patient demographics, chest x-ray abnormalities, complications, including pneumothoraces, ventilator-associated events, self-extubation, and resource utilization in 174 patients who required mechanical ventilation in 2013.

Results:

The mean age was 57.8 ± 16.8 years, the number of ventilator days was 7.5 ± 7, and the overall in-hospital mortality was 32.2%. The mean fluid balance per day during the mechanical ventilation period was 1539 ± 1721 mL. Three (1.7%) patients developed pneumothoraces, and 5 patients required chest tubes. Twenty-five (14.4%) patients had ventilator-associated events. Ten patients had episodes of self-extubation, and 11 had episodes of failed extubation. Chest X-rays showed new or increasing infiltrates in 113 (64.9%) patients and new or increasing pleural effusions in 29 (16.7%) patients. These patients had 1.2 ± 0.4 X-rays per day on the ventilator, and they had 10.0 ± 9.4 arterial blood gases and 0.7 ± 0.7 central lines.

Conclusion:

The frequency of ventilator-associated complications was low in this study. However, these patients frequently developed increasing infiltrates, and these outcomes need attention during patient management and are a potential focus for future studies.
Inclusive Masculinities in a Working-Class Sixth Form in Northeast England
Authors: Blanchard Callum , McCormack Mark , Peterson Grant
Published: October 2015

This research examines the construction of masculinity among a group of working-class boys aged sixteen to nineteen in the northeast of England. Drawing on data collected from a six-week ethnography with boys in a religious (Christian) sixth form college, this study documents how only a small minority of these boys embodied the orthodox archetype of masculinity that has traditionally been associated with working-class youth. Instead, the great majority of participants adopted attitudes and behaviors that can be categorized as a set of inclusive masculinities: They espoused positive attitudes toward homosexuality, engaged in physical tactility and emotional intimacy, and used homosexually themed language without the intent to wound or marginalize other boys. These findings pose a considerable challenge to dominant narratives on working-class masculinities; narratives that must now be reconfigured to account for the proliferation of inclusive masculinities among working-class youth.
Giving Back, Doing Good, Feeling Global: The Affective Flows of Family Voluntourism
Authors: Germann Molz Jennie
Published: October 2015

Whereas research on volunteer tourism has tended to focus on college-aged individuals, this article focuses on families with young children who volunteer abroad together. The article engages with scholarly debates surrounding the emotional and affective dimensions of voluntourism to examine how volunteering experiences encourage children to “feel global.” Through a qualitative analysis of ethnographic stories about catharsis and comfort zones, the article illustrates how certain emotions are produced and managed in the context of family voluntourism in order to propel children toward global subjectivities. The analysis reveals that family voluntourism reflects a neoliberal logic that compels parents to prepare their children for an uncertain future by developing an emotional repertoire of adaptability, open-mindedness, compassion, and gratitude. Family voluntourism is therefore not necessarily about making a difference in poor communities, but rather about equipping middle-class children from the Global North with the emotional skills they will need to live in the uncertain and unequal world of neoliberal globalization.
Thermal degradation kinetics and lifetime of high-density polyethylene/poly (l-lactic acid) blends
Authors: Madhu Gaurav , Mandal Dev K , Bhunia Haripada , Bajpai Pramod K
Published: October 2015

In this work, a kinetic study on the thermal degradation of films prepared from high-density polyethylene (HDPE), poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) and their blends is presented. Activation energy ( Ea), order of reaction ( n) and frequency factor (ln ( A)) were studied through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) over a temperature range of 25–600°C at four heating rates, that is, 5, 10, 15, and 20°C min−1. The TGA data were used to predict the thermal stability of the film samples, comparing the kinetic parameters obtained by three model-free isoconversional techniques and estimating the lifetime of the films. The value of Ea for neat HDPE was found to be much higher than that for PLLA, but for HDPE/PLLA blends, it was nearer to that of HDPE. An increase in Ea of 80/20 (HDPE/PLLA) blends was noticed with the addition of compatibilizer, maleic anhydride-grafted HDPE. Overall, the thermal kinetics of the polymer samples depends on fractions of their constituents, heating rates and calculation technique used. It was proved, through lifetime estimation method, that the lifetime of neat HDPE decreases by addition of PLLA. With increase in temperature, the lifetime of all samples decreased exponentially. Scanning electron microscopy studies verified that HDPE and PLLA interfaces became fairly compatible by adding the compatibilizer.
A Retrospective Cohort Analysis of Pharmacologic VTE Prophylaxis and Padua Prediction Score in Hospitalized Patients With Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Moorehead Kaitlyn J. , Jeffres Meghan N. , Mueller Scott W.
Published: October 2015

Purpose:

Coagulopathy resulting from chronic liver disease (CLD) creates uncertainty regarding the risks and efficacy of pharmacologic venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis (ppx). We aim to describe patient characteristics associated with VTE ppx and the clinical impact of ppx in hospitalized patients with CLD.

Methods:

This retrospective study included patients with CLD, an international normalized ratio (INR) of ≥1.3, and hospital stay of ≥72 hours. Baseline characteristics, incidence of VTE, and major bleeding were compared between patients given ppx and those not given ppx.

Results:

Of 300 patients with CLD included, 157 (52%) received VTE ppx. Characteristics associated with VTE ppx were lower activated partial thromboplastin time, INR, bilirubin, and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score as well as a higher Padua Prediction Score, hemoglobin, platelet count, and antiplatelet use. VTE occurred in 12 (7.6%) ppx versus 4 (2.8%) non-ppx patients ( P = .07). Major bleeding occurred in 47 (30%) ppx versus 49 (34.3%) non-ppx patients ( P = .46). Ppx was not associated with VTE or bleeding outcomes by multivariate regression.

Conclusion:

The use of VTE ppx in hospitalized patients with CLD was not associated with a lower risk of VTE nor did it increase the risk of bleeding. Further studies examining the risks and benefits of VTE ppx in this population are needed.
A corpus analysis of discursive constructions of the Sunflower Student Movement in the English-language Taiwanese press
Authors: Brindle Andrew
Published: October 2015

The Sunflower Student Movement was a protest movement in Taiwan against a trade agreement with the People’s Republic of China (PRC) by students and civic groups, in which the national legislature was occupied by protesters between 18 March and 10 April 2014. This study examines the discursive constructions of this movement in the two major English-language newspapers in Taiwan, The China Post and the Taipei Times, in corpora of articles published in the six-month period after the protests began. The data were collected from the online editions of the newspapers and analysed utilising a corpus-driven approach. First, frequency lists of the corpora were studied and an in-depth analysis of collocates and concordances of certain frequent words was undertaken. This was followed by a study of keywords when each corpus was compared against the other. The findings demonstrate that one newspaper depicted the protests as a struggle for democracy, associating the protests with democracy movements from the past and emphasising the inclusivity of the movement, while the other media source constructed the protests more negatively, focusing on destabilising elements of the protests such as the economic consequences of the occupation, highlighting instances of violence and disruption to the status quo, as well as constructing the protesters as being unrepresentative of the general population of the island. The article concludes by critically discussing how the differing discursive constructions of the protest movement are representative of the divisions within the Taiwanese society in relation to questions of nationhood and its stance towards the increasing economic and political influence of the PRC.
From welfare states to welfare sectors: Explaining sectoral differences in occupational pensions with economic and political power of employees
Authors: Wiß Tobias
Published: October 2015

Studies analysing welfare have previously focused on countries as units. In the course of pension cuts and the increasing importance of occupational welfare, our traditional understanding of a homogeneous welfare state is being challenged. In this article, I distinguish between both economic individual power (employee skills) and political collective power (trade unions), and their relation with different occupational pensions. A combined analysis by both factors is not common, where employee skills and power resources are traditionally treated as separate, rival explanations of public welfare. Combining the ‘method of difference’ with the ‘method of agreement’, the article first presents the within-country variety of occupational pensions in Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom and Denmark. Occupational pensions in the same economic sectors across countries are then used as the units of analysis in order to illustrate the plausible determinants of economic individual power and political collective power.
Fast clustering using adaptive density peak detection
Authors: Wang Xiao-Feng , Xu Yifan
Published: October 2015

Common limitations of clustering methods include the slow algorithm convergence, the instability of the pre-specification on a number of intrinsic parameters, and the lack of robustness to outliers. A recent clustering approach proposed a fast search algorithm of cluster centers based on their local densities. However, the selection of the key intrinsic parameters in the algorithm was not systematically investigated. It is relatively difficult to estimate the “optimal” parameters since the original definition of the local density in the algorithm is based on a truncated counting measure. In this paper, we propose a clustering procedure with adaptive density peak detection, where the local density is estimated through the nonparametric multivariate kernel estimation. The model parameter is then able to be calculated from the equations with statistical theoretical justification. We also develop an automatic cluster centroid selection method through maximizing an average silhouette index. The advantage and flexibility of the proposed method are demonstrated through simulation studies and the analysis of a few benchmark gene expression data sets. The method only needs to perform in one single step without any iteration and thus is fast and has a great potential to apply on big data analysis. A user-friendly R package ADPclust is developed for public use.
A time-varying effect model for studying gender differences in health behavior
Authors: Yang Songshan , Cranford James A , Li Runze , Zucker Robert A , Buu Anne
Published: October 2015

This study proposes a time-varying effect model that can be used to characterize gender-specific trajectories of health behaviors and conduct hypothesis testing for gender differences. The motivating examples demonstrate that the proposed model is applicable to not only multi-wave longitudinal studies but also short-term studies that involve intensive data collection. The simulation study shows that the accuracy of estimation of trajectory functions improves as the sample size and the number of time points increase. In terms of the performance of the hypothesis testing, the type I error rates are close to their corresponding significance levels under all combinations of sample size and number of time points. Furthermore, the power increases as the alternative hypothesis deviates more from the null hypothesis, and the rate of this increasing trend is higher when the sample size and the number of time points are larger.
Physical and sports activities, and healthy and active ageing: Establishing a frame of reference for public action
Authors: Collinet Cécile , Delalandre Matthieu
Published: October 2015

Since the 1960s, there has been a change in the portrayal of older people. This change has resulted in the promotion of an active way of life that led, at the turn of the twenty-first century, to the development by international bodies of standard guidelines relating to active or healthy ageing. This article examines the place of guidelines on physical activity in the perception of ageing reflected in French public policies developed in accordance with international directives. After explaining how healthy and active ageing are defined in different international and national plans and official guidelines, the growing importance of physical activity is highlighted. From a very general invitation to remain active, precise instructions for physical activities were established addressing the detrimental effects of ageing. Finally, this study points out how the increasing focus on physical activity has contributed to the creation of a frame of reference in public policy that emphasizes the responsibility of each individual for their own health.
The SAVRY Improves Prediction of Reoffending
Authors: Åström Therese , Gumpert Clara Hellner , Andershed Anna-Karin , Forster Martin
Published: October 2015

Purpose:

This study investigated the utility of the risk assessment “Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth” (SAVRY) within the social services in Stockholm County, Sweden.

Method:

SAVRY assessments of 56 adolescents were compared to assessments guided by another instrument (Adolescent Drug Abuse Diagnosis [ADAD]; n = 38) and assessments without support of a structured method ( n = 38).

Results:

The results showed that social workers conducting SAVRY assessments documented a significantly larger number of risk and protective factors compared to the other assessments, and these factors predicted, with a few exceptions, reoffending to a larger extent. SAVRY summary risk rating significantly predicted the occurrence of serious violent crimes (area under the curve [AUC] = .80, p < .01) and less serious violence (AUC = .70, p < .05).

Conclusions:

SAVRY performed at least as well in naturalistic settings as in previous studies conducted in more controlled environments. Furthermore, the SAVRY performed better than the other structured instrument (ADAD).
Mindfulness-Based Approaches in the Treatment of Disordered Gambling
Authors: Maynard Brandy R. , Wilson Alyssa N. , Labuzienski Elizabeth , Whiting Seth W.
Published: October 2015

Background and Aims:

To examine the effects of mindfulness-based interventions on gambling behavior and symptoms, urges, and financial outcomes.

Method:

Systematic review and meta-analytic procedures were employed to search, select, code, and analyze studies conducted between 1980 and 2014, assessing the effects of mindfulness-based interventions in the treatment of disordered gambling with adults.

Results:

Thirteen studies met criteria for this review and seven met criteria for meta-analysis. Effects were moderate to large for gambling behaviors/symptoms ( g = 0.68, 95% CI = [0.39, 0.98], p < .01), gambling urges ( g = 0.69, 95% CI = [0.18, 1.20], p < .01), and financial outcomes ( g = 0.75, 95% CI = [0.24, 1.26], p < .01). Heterogeneity was low and nonsignificant.

Conclusions:

The findings provide support for mindfulness-based interventions in the treatment of disordered gambling. However, these results are necessarily tentative, limited by the number and quality of eligible studies, and differing conceptualizations of mindfulness.
Effects of Multidimensional Family Therapy (MDFT) on Nonopioid Drug Abuse
Authors: Filges Trine , Andersen Ditte , Jørgensen Anne-Marie Klint
Published: October 2015

Purpose:

This review evaluates the evidence of the effects of multidimensional family therapy (MDFT) on drug use reduction in young people for the treatment of nonopioid drug use.

Method:

We followed Campbell Collaboration guidelines to conduct a systematic review of randomized and nonrandomized trials. Meta-analytic methods were used to quantitatively synthesize study results.

Results:

The search yielded five studies that met inclusion criteria. MDFT was found to be more effective than other treatments on drug abuse problem severity and drug use frequency in the short run but not in the long run and demonstrated positive effects on treatment retention compared to control conditions.

Discussion:

While additional research is needed, the review offers support for MDFT as a treatment to young nonopioid drug abusers. The number of studies included in this review was limited, however, and this should be considered when interpreting the results.
An Exploration of Factors Affecting Persistence to Degree Completion in an Undergraduate Music Education Program
Authors: Gavin Russell B.
Published: October 2015

The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of students ( N = 26) in an undergraduate music education degree program in an attempt to identify commonalities among students persisting to degree completion. All participants were in their final year of the music education degree at the time of the study. Multiple data collection methods were used to gather information about the students’ experiences in music and teaching, including experiences before and during their time in the degree program. These methods included semistructured interviews, focus groups, written questionnaires, and a researcher journal. The data were analyzed and coded, generating a number of categories for discussion and analysis. The following themes emerged: (a) participants experienced a notable drop in musical confidence early in the degree; (b) participants believed the degree is quite stressful compared to other degrees; (c) participants cited field experiences as important; and (d) participants indicated the importance of peer support to get through the “hard” times.
High School Students’ Experiences in School Toilets or Restrooms
Authors: Norling Maja , Stenzelius Karin , Ekman Nina , Wennick Anne
Published: October 2015

Previous research about school toilets is based on studies of children in elementary school. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the experiences when using the school toilets reported by students aged 16–18 years. Qualitative interviews with 21 students were conducted and analyzed using content analysis. The data revealed that the toilets were considered insecure, dirty, and unpleasant. Additionally, students refrained from drinking during school hours and remained in constant movement or jumped up and down to withhold urine and stool. This was illustrated in the following categories: assessing the toilet environment, coping with the situation, and feeling exposed. Hence, there is an urgent need to improve the school toilet environment in order to respect the rights of all students to void or defecate when necessary, a process which will require involvement of students, teachers, and other school staff as well as the School Health Service.
Beliefs and Recommendations Regarding Child Custody and Visitation in Cases Involving Domestic Violence
Authors: Saunders Daniel G. , Faller Kathleen C. , Tolman Richard M.
Published: October 2015

Research is lacking on differing perspectives regarding custody cases involving domestic violence (DV). In a survey of judges, legal aid attorneys, private attorneys, DV program workers, and child custody evaluators ( n = 1,187), judges, private attorneys, and evaluators were more likely to believe that mothers make false DV allegations and alienate their children. In response to a vignette, evaluators and private attorneys were most likely to recommend joint custody and least likely to recommend sole custody to the survivor. Legal aid attorneys and DV workers were similar on many variables. Gender, DV knowledge, and knowing victims explained many group differences.
Autism and Self-Determination: Factor Analysis of Two Measures of Self-Determination
Authors: Chou Yu-Chi , Wehmeyer Michael L. , Shogren Karrie A. , Palmer Susan B. , Lee Jaehoon
Published: October 2015

This study examined the reliability and validity and hypothesized factor structure of two assessments of self-determination, the Arc’s Self-Determination Scale (SDS) and the American Institutes for Research Self-Determination Scale (AIR) in students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Ninety-five middle and high school students (17% female and 83% male) aged 13 through 21 years participated. Item analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted separately for the SDS and AIR data. Together, the findings of this study suggest that (a) the two measures in this study show reliability and validity in the measurement of global self-determination in students with ASD and (b) the parameter estimates and the model fit statistics support the hypothesized factor structure of both instruments (with light variation for the SDS). Suggestions for future research and implications for educators are discussed.
National but European? Visual manifestations of Europe in national parties’ Euromanifestos since 1979
Authors: Popa Sebastian Adrian , Dumitrescu Delia
Published: October 2015

The architects of the European project made a significant effort to create a set of symbols for the community (such as the EU flag, the map of Europe, the anthem, etc.), and recent evidence suggests that the main European values are nowadays spontaneously associated with them. We know little, however, about if and when national political actors choose to display these symbolic visual manifestations of Europe. In this study, we examine the presence of such symbols in parties’ Euromanifestos since the first European elections. The presence of EU community symbols is correlated with several factors, suggesting that the display is consistent both with a policy-driven and with a vote-seeking logic. We explore at length the implications of these results for future visual analysis of parties’ European messages and for the larger issue of European identity.
Maintaining relations, managing pollution: Mortuary exchanges in a Japanese rural town
Authors: Kim Hyunchul
Published: October 2015

In this article, based on extensive ethnographic fieldwork in a Japanese rural town, the author examines exchanges that occur upon death by focusing on the flow of material objects in relation to pollution and vitality. Specifically, he attempts to elucidate the ways in which pollution and vitality are manifested and exchanged through the transaction of material objects between the bereaved, the non-bereaved and the dead. Throughout the article, the author seeks a fuller understanding of why the mortuary exchange must be understood in terms of pollution and vitality and their relationship with material objects. He suggests that the mortuary exchange has the most important function of distributing pollution and vitality so that the living and the dead supplement their own vitality and diminish death pollution. By doing this, the defiled states of both the living and the dead are ultimately transformed into states of purity.
A theory of intimate massacres: Steps toward a causal explanation
Authors: Katz Jack
Published: October 2015

School shootings and other attacks that indiscriminately target victims pose special challenges for explanation. Their rarity, enigmatic psychology, and media appeal make it difficult to define the phenomena-to-be-explained in ways well suited for discovering persuasive etiological processes. Here theory in criminology has an especially valuable role to play. Working from general principles for interactively defining the problem to be explained and for developing explanatory hypotheses, I offer an explanation of ‘intimate massacres’ as the upshot of three contingencies: the pursuit of a point of no return; a project of destroying one’s personification in a given place; and a compelling desire to transform emotional chaos into a crystallized line of irresistible action. Once the motivation in the foreground of intimate massacres is understood, the relationship of these events to biographical and social ecological background factors will be comprehended in ways that contest the associations often suggested by folk sociology.
What learner corpus research can contribute to multilingualism research
Authors: Wulff Stefanie
Published: October 2015

Corpus linguists are increasingly interested in applying their methodological tool box to the various areas of multilingualism. This paper gives an overview of corpus resources and presents three case studies on L2 foreign language learning that employ quantitative methods. The goal is to demonstrate that corpus-linguistic approaches further our understanding of many hot topics in learner language research, including appropriate characterizations of the L1 input and/or target norm; the adequate modeling of the intrinsically complex and highly L1-specific nature of learner language; and the increasingly recognized role of individual variation in the acquisition process. The paper closes with a brief discussion of how these methods can and should be applied to other areas of multilingualism research.
Disentangling SLI and bilingualism using sentence repetition tasks: the impact of L1 and L2 properties
Authors: Meir Natalia , Walters Joel , Armon-Lotem Sharon
Published: October 2015

The current study investigated performance on morpho-syntax in Russian–Hebrew sequential bilingual preschool children with and without specific language impairment (SLI) in both languages (L1 Russian and L2 Hebrew) using sentence repetition (SRep) tasks with a fundamental aim to disentangle the language abilities of bilingual children with typical language development (biTLD) from those of bilingual children with SLI (biSLI). Four groups of children participated ( N=85) in the study: 45 L1 Russian–L2 Hebrew sequential bilinguals (30 biTLD and 15 biSLI), 20 monolingual Russian-speaking children and 20 monolingual Hebrew-speaking children. The SRep tasks in Russian and in Hebrew were based on Language Impairment Testing in Multilingual Settings (LITMUS) SRep developed within COST Action IS0804 titled “Language Impairment in a Multilingual Society: Linguistic Patterns and the Road to Assessment”. The tasks in Russian and in Hebrew contained 56 sentences of different length and complexity.

The bilingual–monolingual comparisons yielded differences only in L1 Russian, where the monolingual Russian-speaking children outperformed bilingual children with typical language development (TLD) in their first language. In L2 Hebrew, no significant differences emerged between monolingual speakers of Hebrew and bilinguals.

Comparisons of bilingual children with and without SLI showed that both the quantity and the quality of errors differentiate the two bilingual groups. In both languages (L1 and L2), bilingual children with TLD outperformed their peers with SLI. Bilingual children with SLI produced specific error patterns like those previously reported for monolingual children with SLI, i.e. omission of coordinators and subordinators, omission of prepositions, and simplification of wh-questions and relative clauses. These error patterns are unique to children with SLI and cannot be attributed to L1–L2 influence, while the errors of children in the biTLD group can be traced to cross-linguistic influence (mostly L2 influence on L1).

We conclude that SRep tasks are an effective means to bring us closer to distinguishing bilingual children with SLI from those with TLD. They allow us to make quantitative and qualitative comparisons of performance and errors. But, perhaps more importantly, they point to underlying grammatical representations, in particular those linked to cross-linguistic influence and reduced exposure, as a way of distinguishing bilingual children with and without SLI.
Child abuse in England and Wales 2003–2013: Newspaper reporting versus reality
Authors: Davies Emma , O’Leary Erin , Read John
Published: October 2015

This study examined how child abuse and neglect were reported in a sample of 459 newspaper articles between 2003 and 2013 in England and Wales. The results were compared with data on child abuse and neglect over the same decade. Sexual abuse was by far the most commonly reported, in both tabloid and broadsheet newspapers. Although neglect and emotional abuse are the most common causes of child protection plans in England and Wales, neglect and emotional abuse are relatively invisible in newspaper articles, as is physical abuse. Possible explanations for this disproportionate focus on sexual abuse, which has also been found in Australia and the United States, include the fact that sexual abuse cases reach the criminal courts more often than other forms of child victimisation. Although broadsheet papers were more likely than tabloid newspapers to comment on causes and solutions beyond the individual perpetrator committing a crime, the majority of articles in broadsheet papers still did not frame either the causes or the solutions in broader terms. It seems possible that the notion of the decontextualised ‘evil’ perpetrator serves to distance journalist and reader alike from the pervasiveness and pain of child abuse. The article concludes with ideas to improve the accuracy and utility of the coverage of child abuse and neglect in newspapers.
The followership of hotel employees and the relationship between occupational burnout, job stress, and customer orientation: Targeting the hotel service providers at luxury hotels
Authors: Kang Jae-wan , Heo Jeong-ho , Kim Joon-ho
Published: October 2015

This study was conducted to analyze the relationship between followership, occupational burnout, job stress, and customer orientation of the employees at service encounters at luxury hotels (544 people) with the structural equation analysis by using AMOS statistical program. The results are as follows. Overall detailed factors of followership were shown to lower occupational burnout and job stress. Also, when occupational burnout is high, it was shown to increase job stress. When job stress is high, it appeared to decrease customer orientation. Therefore, the predictive factors for enhancing followership is important, and the followership among organization members should be increased through organizational support and superior's leadership toward subordinate by holding meetings or mentoring among members, or by promoting internal marketing such as having internal communication, providing education and training, and utilizing reward system.
Willingness to Pay for Soccer Player Development in the United States
Authors: Morgan O. Ashton , Whitehead John C.
Published: October 2015

American households’ willingness to pay (WTP) for soccer player development is measured using the contingent valuation method. Data are drawn from two national surveys administered before and after the 2014 World Cup event. Individuals are asked whether they perceive that additional funding for player development will improve the chances of the national team’s performance at the 2018 World Cup and whether they are willing to pay an annual household tax to fund the program. A bivariate probit model accounts for correlation between the two decisions. WTP estimates indicate that the intangible benefits of player development are roughly twice the cost.
“Turning Intentions Into Actions”
Authors: Ramsay J. Russell
Published: October 2015

Contemporary models of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) provide frameworks for understanding this condition that move beyond the diagnostic symptom criteria. ADHD is currently viewed as a developmental syndrome of impaired self-regulatory processes that underlie the common symptoms and functional problems. Most clinic-referred adults with ADHD report chronic difficulties executing their intended plans despite recognizing the negative consequences for not doing so. Seeing as the psychosocial treatments for adult ADHD intervene at the level of life impairments and functioning, it is important that interventions directly target these implementation problems. The goal of this article is to discuss the case of a young woman with ADHD who has difficulties engaging in the various tasks she needs to perform to pursue her post-college goals. In particular, a cognitive-behavioral therapy approach that emphasizes implementation strategies designed to help adults with ADHD follow through on their plans is illustrated.
Adhesions and Healing of Intestinal Anastomoses
Authors: Ntourakis Dimitrios , Katsimpoulas Michail , Tanoglidi Anna , Barbatis Calypso , Karayannacos Panayotis E. , Sergentanis Theodoros N. , Kostomitsopoulos Nikolaos , Machairas Anastasios
Published: October 2015

Background. Postoperative adhesions are the result of aberrant peritoneal healing. As they are the leading cause of postoperative bowel obstruction, anti-adherence barriers are advocated for their prevention. This study looks into the effect of these biomaterials on the healing of intestinal anastomoses. Materials and Methods. Thirty-three New Zealand White rabbits underwent laparotomy, transection of the terminal ileum, and creation of an end-to-end anastomosis. Animals were randomized into 3 groups: the Control group (n = 11); the Icodextrin group, receiving icodextrin 4% intraperitonealy (n = 11); and the HA/CMC group, having the anastomosis wrapped with a hyaluronic acid/carboxymethylcellulose film (n = 11). All animals were sacrificed on the seventh postoperative day. Macroscopic adhesions were graded and anastomotic strength was tested by the burst pressure. Histological healing was assessed in a semiquantitative way for the presence of ulceration, reepithelization, granulation tissue, inflammation, eosinophilic infiltration, serosal inflammation, and microscopic adhesions. Univariate and multivariate analysis was used. Results are given as medians with interquartile range. Results. The median adhesion scores were the following: Control 1 (0-3), Icodextrin 0 (0-1), HA/CMC 0 (0-0), P = .017. The burst pressure did not differ between the groups; however, all except one bowel segments tested burst away from the anastomosis. The macroscopic and histological anastomotic healing was comparable in all 3 groups. A poor histological anastomotic healing score was associated with a higher adhesion grade (odds ratio = 1.92; 95% confidence interval = 1.06-3.47; P = .032). Conclusion. Adhesion formation was inhibited by the materials tested without direct detrimental effects on anastomotic healing. Poor anastomotic healing provokes adhesions even in the presence of anti-adhesion barriers.
The development and pilot of an instrument for measuring nurse managers’ leadership and management competencies
Authors: Kantanen Kati , Kaunonen Marja , Helminen Mika , Suominen Tarja
Published: October 2015

This paper describes the development and piloting of an instrument for measuring nurse managers’ leadership and management competencies. No previous instruments exist that comprehensively measure these dimensions. The instrument was developed in three phases. Following a literature review, the items of the instrument were created. Second, the face and content validity of the instrument were evaluated by an expert panel. Finally, the developed instrument was pilot-tested with a test survey of 22 nurse managers in two organisations. The validity and reliability of the scale was analysed using statistical methods. The resulting Nurse Managers Leadership and Management Competencies scale is a web-based self-assessment test consisting of 194 five-point Likert scale items. Competence is divided into general competence and special competence. The instrument makes it possible to evaluate nurse managers’ leadership and management competencies in public healthcare, and to obtain information for the further development of these attributes and factors.
Assessment of weight status, dietary habits and beliefs, physical activity, and nutritional knowledge among university students
Authors: Yahia Najat , Wang Daniel , Rapley Melyssa , Dey Rajarshi
Published: October 2015

Aims:

The purpose of this study was to assess weight status, dietary habits, physical activity, dietary beliefs, and nutrition knowledge among a sample of students from Central Michigan University.

Methods:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a sample of undergraduate students in Fall 2011 and Spring 2012 at Central Michigan University. Participating students completed an online questionnaire that included questions related to their eating habits, physical activity and lifestyle, dietary beliefs, and nutritional knowledge. Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured. Percentage body fat and visceral fat score were determined using a Tanita body composition analyser (SC-331S).

Results:

Outcomes of this study indicated that 78% of female students were within the healthy weight range compared to 52% of male students. Visceral body fat and waist circumference scores were higher in males than in females. Most students showed ‘satisfactory’ dietary habits. Almost half of the students reported drinking two glasses of milk and consuming two cups of fruits and vegetables daily. Physical activity and lifestyle score indicated that most of the students were not physically active. Only 7% of students reported having a very active lifestyle, and 4% had quite good nutritional knowledge.

Conclusion:

The majority of students, particularly females, were within the healthy body weight range. Students’ dietary habits were satisfactory. However, physical activity, students’ knowledge of healthy and unhealthy diet habits, and nutritional knowledge needed improvement. Developing gender-specific programmes for promoting healthy lifestyle behaviours among students is recommended.
Socio-economic disparities in tobacco consumption in rural India: evidence from a health and demographic surveillance system
Authors: Barik Anamitra , Rai Rajesh Kumar , Gorain Ashoke , Majumdar Saikat , Chowdhury Abhijit
Published: October 2015

Aims:

India houses over 275 million tobacco users, with 164 million users of only smokeless tobacco, 69 million exclusive smokers, and 42 million users of both smoking and smokeless tobacco. This study aims to examine the socio-economic factors associated with types of tobacco use in a selected rural Indian population.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted with surveillance data from the Birbhum Population Project (BIRPOP). Total respondents of 29,783 individuals (16,038 men and 13,745 women) aged ≥15 years were surveyed between October 2010 and January 2011. Apart from bivariate analyses, a binary logistic regression was applied to estimate the adjusted odds ratio for socio-economic factors (religion, social group, education, occupation, and wealth quintile) associated with current tobacco use, current smokeless tobacco use, and current bidi use among men and women.

Results:

Nearly 22% of men and 26% of women were using smokeless tobacco. While 46% of men were smoking bidi, only 4% of women reported smoking bidi. Overall, men are more likely to use tobacco. Irrespective of gender, with increasing years of education, people are less inclined to use tobacco, and unemployed people are less likely to use tobacco. With increasing income, the odds of smokeless tobacco use and the odds of smoking bidi are higher among women and men, respectively.

Conclusion:

The BIRPOP study indicates that irrespective of gender and income, raising the level of awareness through household-based health education could be an effective intervention to minimise the level of tobacco use.
Epstein–Barr virus encephalitis presenting as cerebellar hemorrhage
Authors: Sabat Shyam , Agarwal Amit , Zacharia Thomas , Labib Samuel , Yousef Jacob
Published: October 2015

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) belongs to the human herpesvirus family and is ubiquitously found in the adult human population. The most common clinical manifestation of EBV is the syndrome of infectious mononucleosis. Central nervous system involvement by EBV is rare, with very few cases of EBV encephalitis reported in the literature. The majority of these cases report cerebral cortical changes on magnetic resonance imaging. We present a rare case of EBV encephalitis in a young patient with meningitis-like symptoms and cerebellar hemorrhage on magnetic resonance imaging.
Co-administration of aspirin and allogeneic adipose-derived stromal cells attenuates bone loss in ovariectomized rats through the anti-inflammatory and chemotactic abilities of aspirin
Authors: Liu Hao , Li Wei , Liu Yunsong , Zhang Xiao , Zhou Yongsheng
Published: October 2015

Introduction

Osteoporosis is a syndrome of excessive skeletal fragility characterized by the loss of mass and deterioration of microarchitecture in bone. Single use of aspirin or adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) has been recognized recently to be effective against osteoporosis. The goal of the study was to evaluate the osteogenic effects of the co-administration of aspirin and allogeneic rat adipose-derived stromal cells (rASCs) on ovariectomized (OVX)-induced bone loss in rats. The underlying mechanisms were investigatedin vitroandin vivo.

Methods

Firstly, allogeneic rASCs were isolated and cultured, and the conditioned medium (CM) from the maintenance of rASCs was collected. Secondly, the OVX rats were administrated CM, rASCs, aspirin (ASP) or rASCs + ASP, respectively. Twelve weeks later, the anti-inflammatory and osteogenic effects were assessed by micro-CT, undecalcified histological sections, dynamic histomorphometric analyses and serologic assays for biochemical markers. Finally, a Transwell migration assayin vitroand cell-trafficking analysesin vivowere used to explore the effects of aspirin on rASC migration.

Results

Systemic administration of aspirin and rASCs attenuated OVX-induced bone loss better than single use of aspirin or ASCs (p < 0.05, respectively). Next, we analyzed the underlying mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory and chemotactic abilities of aspirin. Aspirin suppressed serum levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and the anti-inflammatory ability was positively associated with bone morphometry. Also, aspirin exhibited excellent chemotactic effectsin vitroand accelerated the homing of allogeneic rASCs into bone marrow during earlyin vivostages.

Conclusions

Co-administered aspirin and allogeneic ASCs can partially reverse OVX-induced bone loss in rats. This effect appears to be mediated by the anti-inflammatory and chemotactic abilities of aspirin.
Short Communication: Prevalence of multidrug resistant bacteria in General Surgery Hospital, Ukraine
Authors: KON KATERYNA
Published: October 2015

Abstract. Kon K. 2015. Prevalence of multidrug resistant bacteria in General Surgery Hospital, Ukraine. Nusantara Bioscience 7: 102-106. Rising antibiotic resistance is a serious concern worldwide and during prescribing antibiotic treatment it is important to know general and regional tendencies in spread of multidrug-resistant strains. The aim of the present study was to evaluate regional specificity of the prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains among agents of surgical infections, to determine the most common microbial associations and to detect the most active antibiotics against multidrug-resistant bacteria. More than 60% of strains were multidrug-resistant, with the highest prevalence of resistance among Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Isolated multidrug-resistant bacteria showed susceptibility mainly to carbapenems and fluoroquinolones. The high prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria indicates the need for continuous monitoring of resistance in each hospital and to search for new methods for coping with this problem.
Yours Sincerely, Lois Weber: Hypocrites and the Allegorical Mode of the Transitional Feature Film
Authors: Young Paul
Published: October 2015

Lois Weber’s episodic feature film Hypocrites (1915) poses a challenge to one principle that is thought to have guided American cinema toward classical narrative: the self-effacement of narrative discourse. Weber’s film, and its critical and financial success in a year of such proto-classical landmarks as DeMille’s The Cheat and Griffith’s The Birth of a Nation , reveals the viability, however brief, of a reflexive, allegorical model for the feature-length film during the transition to classical form.
Screen-Struck: The Invention of the Movie Girl Fan
Authors: Anselmo-Sequeira Diana
Published: October 2015

This article examines questions of agency, identity, and fan-industry collaboration underpinning the fabrication of an exclusively feminine personification of excessive film fandom. Dubbed “the screen-struck girl,” this white, adolescent figure was presented in American fan magazines and popular newspapers of the 1910s as a pathological consumer and a self-erasing aspiring star. However, in autobiographical letters to the press, girl fans proudly self-identified as movie bingers and aspiring actresses. Investigating girl fans’ willing and public adherence to such a pejorative stereotype, I complicate our understanding of early twentieth-century female fan agency and its relation to Hollywood’s burgeoning press machine.
A Chinese phonological enigma
Authors: Sampson Geoffrey
Published: October 2015

Recent cross-language research has yielded strong statistical evidence in support of the idea, advocated by André Martinet and widely accepted by linguists, that languages avoid adopting sound-changes which would create many homophones. Yet we know that the history of Chinese phonology has been marked by repeated phoneme mergers and losses which led to a very high incidence of homophony, forcing the monomorphemic vocabulary of the classical language to be replaced by a largely bimorphemic modern vocabulary. This paper examines various ways in which this apparent contradiction might be resolved. None seems fully satisfactory, yet some resolution must exist.