bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data from Intracellular Osteopontin Promotes the Release of TNFα by Mast Cells to Restrain Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer
Authors: Sulsenti Roberta , Scialpi Giuseppina B. , Frossi Barbara , Botti Laura , Ferri Renata , Tripodi Irene , Piva Annamaria , Sangaletti Sabina , Pernici Davide , Cancila Valeria , Romeo Francesco , Chiodoni Claudia , Lecis Daniele , Bianchi Francesca , Fischetti Irene , Enriquez Claudia , Crivelli Filippo , Bregni Marco , Renne Giuseppe , Pece Salvatore , Tripodo Claudio , Pucillo Carlo E. , Colombo Mario P. , Jachetti Elena
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is an aggressive form of prostate cancer that emerges as tumors become resistant to hormone therapies or, rarely, arises de novo in treatment-naïve patients. The urgent need for effective therapies against NEPC is hampered by the limited knowledge of the biology governing this lethal disease. Based on our prior observations in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) spontaneous prostate cancer model, in which the genetic depletion of either mast cells (MC) or the matricellular protein osteopontin (OPN) increases NEPC frequency, we tested the hypothesis that MCs can restrain NEPC through OPN production, using in vitro co-cultures between murine or human tumor cell lines and MCs, and in vivo experiments. We unveiled a role for the intracellular isoform of OPN, so far neglected compared with the secreted isoform. Mechanistically, we unraveled that the intracellular isoform of OPN promotes TNFα production in MCs via the TLR2/TLR4-MyD88 axis, specifically triggered by the encounter with NEPC cells. We found that MC-derived TNFα, in turn, hampered the growth of NEPC. We then identified the protein syndecan-1 (SDC1) as the NEPC-specific TLR2/TLR4 ligand that triggered this pathway. Interrogating published single-cell RNA-sequencing data, we validated this mechanism in a different mouse model. Translational relevance of the results was provided by in silico analyses of available human NEPC datasets and by immunofluorescence on patient-derived adenocarcinoma and NEPC lesions. Overall, our results show that MCs actively inhibit NEPC, paving the way for innovative MC-based therapies for this fatal tumor. We also highlight SDC1 as a potential biomarker for incipient NEPC.
Data from Blockade of IL1β and PD1 with Combination Chemotherapy Reduces Systemic Myeloid Suppression in Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer with Heterogeneous Effects in the Tumor
Authors: Oberstein Paul E. , Dias Costa Andressa , Kawaler Emily A. , Cardot-Ruffino Victoire , Rahma Osama E. , Beri Nina , Singh Harshabad , Abrams Thomas A. , Biller Leah H. , Cleary James M. , Enzinger Peter , Huffman Brandon M. , McCleary Nadine J. , Perez Kimberly J. , Rubinson Douglas A. , Schlechter Benjamin L. , Surana Rishi , Yurgelun Matthew B. , Wang S. Jennifer , Remland Joshua , Brais Lauren K. , Bollenrucher Naima , Chang Eugena , Ali Lestat R. , Lenehan Patrick J. , Dolgalev Igor , Werba Gregor , Lima Cibelle , Keheler C. Elizabeth , Sullivan Keri M. , Dougan Michael , Hajdu Cristina , Dajee Maya , Pelletier Marc R. , Nazeer Saloney , Squires Matthew , Bar-Sagi Dafna , Wolpin Brian M. , Nowak Jonathan A. , Simeone Diane M. , Dougan Stephanie K.
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Innate inflammation promotes tumor development, although the role of innate inflammatory cytokines in established human tumors is unclear. Herein, we report clinical and translational results from a phase Ib trial testing whether IL1β blockade in human pancreatic cancer would alleviate myeloid immunosuppression and reveal antitumor T-cell responses to PD1 blockade. Patients with treatment-naïve advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (n = 10) were treated with canakinumab, a high-affinity monoclonal human antiinterleukin-1β (IL1β), the PD1 blocking antibody spartalizumab, and gemcitabine/n(ab)paclitaxel. Analysis of paired peripheral blood from patients in the trial versus patients receiving multiagent chemotherapy showed a modest increase in HLA-DR+CD38+ activated CD8+ T cells and a decrease in circulating monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) by flow cytometry for patients in the trial but not in controls. Similarly, we used patient serum to differentiate monocytic MDSCs in vitro and showed that functional inhibition of T-cell proliferation was reduced when using on-treatment serum samples from patients in the trial but not when using serum from patients treated with chemotherapy alone. Within the tumor, we observed few changes in suppressive myeloid-cell populations or activated T cells as assessed by single-cell transcriptional profiling or multiplex immunofluorescence, although increases in CD8+ T cells suggest that improvements in the tumor immune microenvironment might be revealed by a larger study. Overall, the data indicate that exposure to PD1 and IL1β blockade induced a modest reactivation of peripheral CD8+ T cells and decreased circulating monocytic MDSCs; however, these changes did not lead to similarly uniform alterations in the tumor microenvironment.
Data from Knocking Out CD70 Rescues CD70-Specific NanoCAR T Cells from Antigen-Induced Exhaustion
Authors: De Munter Stijn , Buhl Juliane L. , De Cock Laurenz , Van Parys Alexander , Daneels Willem , Pascal Eva , Deseins Lucas , Ingels Joline , Goetgeluk Glenn , Jansen Hanne , Billiet Lore , Pille Melissa , Van Duyse Julie , Bonte Sarah , Vandamme Niels , Van Dorpe Jo , Offner Fritz , Leclercq Georges , Taghon Tom , Depla Erik , Tavernier Jan , Kerre Tessa , Drost Jarno , Vandekerckhove Bart
Published: September 2024

Abstract
CD70 is an attractive target for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for the treatment of both solid and liquid malignancies. However, the functionality of CD70-specific CAR T cells is modest. We optimized a CD70-specific VHH-based CAR (nanoCAR). We evaluated the nanoCARs in clinically relevant models in vitro, using co-cultures of CD70-specific nanoCAR T cells with malignant rhabdoid tumor organoids, and in vivo, using a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model. Although the nanoCAR T cells were highly efficient in organoid co-cultures, they showed only modest efficacy in the PDX model. We determined that fratricide was not causing this loss in efficacy but rather CD70 interaction in cis with the nanoCAR-induced exhaustion. Knocking out CD70 in nanoCAR T cells using CRISPR/Cas9 resulted in dramatically enhanced functionality in the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma PDX model. Through single-cell transcriptomics, we obtained evidence that CD70 knockout CD70-specific nanoCAR T cells were protected from antigen-induced exhaustion. In addition, we demonstrated that wild-type CD70-specific nanoCAR T cells already exhibited signs of exhaustion shortly after production. Their gene signature strongly overlapped with gene signatures of exhausted CAR T cells. Conversely, the gene signature of knockout CD70-specific nanoCAR T cells overlapped with the gene signature of CAR T-cell infusion products leading to complete responses in chronic lymphatic leukemia patients. Our data show that CARs targeting endogenous T-cell antigens negatively affect CAR T-cell functionality by inducing an exhausted state, which can be overcome by knocking out the specific target.
Supplementary Figures from Mis-splicing of Mitotic Regulators Sensitizes SF3B1-Mutated Human HSCs to CHK1 Inhibition
Authors: Sarchi Martina , Clough Courtnee A. , Crosse Edie I. , Kim Jason , Baquero Galvis Laura D. , Aydinyan Nelli , Wellington Rachel , Yang Feini , Gallì Anna , Creamer J. Philip , Stewart Sintra , Bradley Robert K. , Malcovati Luca , Doulatov Sergei
Published: September 2024

Supplementary Figure S1: Multiplex gene editing of SF3B1 K700E in CD34+ cells. Supplementary Figure S2: Splicing and single cell transcriptome analysis of SF3B1-mutant HSPCs. Supplementary Figure S3: Mis-splicing and expression of BUBR1 and CDC27. Supplementary Figure S4: Drug sensitivity of SF3B1-mutant cells. Supplementary Figure S5: The role of candidate mis-spliced genes in CHK1i sensitivity. Supplementary Figure S6: Prexasertib testing in CB HSPCs, MDS samples, and in vivo.
Table S6 from Disruption of KLHL6 Fuels Oncogenic Antigen Receptor Signaling in B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Meriranta Leo , Sorri Selma , Huse Kanutte , Liu Xiaonan , Spasevska Ivana , Zafar Sadia , Chowdhury Iftekhar , Dufva Olli , Sahlberg Eerika , Tandarić Luka , Karjalainen-Lindsberg Marja-Liisa , Hyytiäinen Marko , Varjosalo Markku , Myklebust June H. , Leppä Sirpa
Published: September 2024

Table S6 shows a list of resources and reagents used in the study.
Table S1. from Disruption of KLHL6 Fuels Oncogenic Antigen Receptor Signaling in B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Meriranta Leo , Sorri Selma , Huse Kanutte , Liu Xiaonan , Spasevska Ivana , Zafar Sadia , Chowdhury Iftekhar , Dufva Olli , Sahlberg Eerika , Tandarić Luka , Karjalainen-Lindsberg Marja-Liisa , Hyytiäinen Marko , Varjosalo Markku , Myklebust June H. , Leppä Sirpa
Published: September 2024

Table S1 shows molecular and clinical correlates of KLHL6 protein expression.
Supplementary Figures S1-S9 from Disruption of KLHL6 Fuels Oncogenic Antigen Receptor Signaling in B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Meriranta Leo , Sorri Selma , Huse Kanutte , Liu Xiaonan , Spasevska Ivana , Zafar Sadia , Chowdhury Iftekhar , Dufva Olli , Sahlberg Eerika , Tandarić Luka , Karjalainen-Lindsberg Marja-Liisa , Hyytiäinen Marko , Varjosalo Markku , Myklebust June H. , Leppä Sirpa
Published: September 2024

Figure S1 shows KLHL6 expression and its molecular correlates in reactive lymphoid and DLBCL tissues. Figure S2 shows recurrent KLHL6 mutations and their subcellular localization. Figure S3 shows data from affinity-purification mass-spectrometry (AP-MS) interactome analysis of Strep-tagged wild-type KLHL6 in the expansion cell line panel. Figure S4 shows data related to proximity-labeling interactome analysis of KLHL6. Figure S5 shows KLHL6 interactome upon BCR stimulation and the impact of recurrent mutations on BCR levels. Figure S6 shows the impact of KLHL6 constructs on the surface levels expression of the BCR components. Figure S7 shows the impact of KLHL6 constructs on the BCR signaling. Figure S8 shows immunofluorescent analysis and quantification of CD79B staining intensity. Figure S9 shows BANK1 expression in DLBCL.
Figure 7 from Disruption of KLHL6 Fuels Oncogenic Antigen Receptor Signaling in B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Meriranta Leo , Sorri Selma , Huse Kanutte , Liu Xiaonan , Spasevska Ivana , Zafar Sadia , Chowdhury Iftekhar , Dufva Olli , Sahlberg Eerika , Tandarić Luka , Karjalainen-Lindsberg Marja-Liisa , Hyytiäinen Marko , Varjosalo Markku , Myklebust June H. , Leppä Sirpa
Published: September 2024

Recurrent KLHL6 mutations extend their pathogenic malfunctions to BANK1 and LuZP1. A, Representative IF microscopy images of SuDHL4 cells transduced with select KLHL6 constructs immunostained for endogenous BANK1, KLHL6, and DNA (Hoechst). WT overexpression; Scale bar, 10 µm. B, BANK1-KLHL6 colocalization for different KLHL6 overexpression constructs in SuDHL4 cells measured from fluorescent microscopy images. Staining from endogenous KLHL6 (ED) from the nontransduced parental cell line used as a control. Each point represents the correlation coefficient of one analyzed image. P value calculated with the Kruskal–Wallis test. MCC, Manders’ correlation coefficient. C, Spectral counts of BANK1 peptides from different affinity-purified in SuDHL5 pull-downs according to WT and mutant Strep-tagged baits. Dots represent biological pull-down replicates. D, Western blot analyses of BANK1 in SuDHL4, SuDHL5, and U2932 cell lines transduced with EmGFP control and nontagged KLHL6 WT and mutant constructs. Quantification of the signal intensity was normalized to a housekeeping control (β-actin) and compared with signal from EmGFP transduced cells. E, PCA of mass spectrometry data from SuDHL5 cells transduced with different BioID2-tagged constructs. F and G, Volcano plots of differentially interacting proteins between WT and Kelch mutant (E547K and E568K) BioID2-tagged KLHL6 baits. H, Spectral counts of LuZP1 in BioID2 interactome screens from SuDHL5 cells transduced with the appropriate constructs. Controls include in-house purifications with various unrelated BioID2 purifications from SuDHL5 cells to demonstrate the level of background noise for LuZP1 prey. Mann–Whitney U test. P value for comparison between WT and KLHL6L65P counts is shown. I and J, Representative IF images showing colocalization between endogenous KLHL6 and centrosomal LuZP1 proteins in unmanipulated lymphoma cell lines. Arrowheads point LuZP1 signal per representative cell. Scale bar, 20 µm. K, Western blot analysis of cell lysates from SuDHL5 cells transduced with KLHL6 WT and mutant constructs or EmGFP control. L, Balloon plot of SAINT analysis of interactome screening with BioID2-tagged KLHL6 baits. Size of the balloons represents SAINT score with high-confidence interactions (≥0.95) annotated with red borders. Fold-change of spectral counts represented with color fill. M, Representative IF images of SuDHL5 cells overexpressing KLHL6L65P mutant stained for KLHL6 and SEC16A. Red arrowheads indicate co-staining vesicles. Scale bar, 10 µm.
NCI’s Proteomic Data Commons: A Cloud-Based Proteomics Repository Empowering Comprehensive Cancer Analysis through Cross-Referencing with Genomic and Imaging Data
Authors: Thangudu Ratna R. , Holck Michael , Singhal Deepak , Pilozzi Alexander , Edwards Nathan , Rudnick Paul A. , Domagalski Marcin J. , Chilappagari Padmini , Ma Lei , Xin Yi , Le Toan , Nyce Kristen , Chaudhary Rekha , Ketchum Karen A. , Maurais Aaron , Connolly Brian , Riffle Michael , Chambers Matthew C. , MacLean Brendan , MacCoss Michael J. , McGarvey Peter B. , Basu Anand , Otridge John , Casas-Silva Esmeralda , Venkatachari Sudha , Rodriguez Henry , Zhang Xu
Published: September 2024

Proteomics has emerged as a powerful tool for studying cancer biology, developing diagnostics, and therapies. With the continuous improvement and widespread availability of high-throughput proteomic technologies, the generation of large-scale proteomic data has become more common in cancer research, and there is a growing need for resources that support the sharing and integration of multi-omics datasets. Such datasets require extensive metadata including clinical, biospecimen, and experimental and workflow annotations that are crucial for data interpretation and reanalysis. The need to integrate, analyze, and share these data has led to the development of NCI’s Proteomic Data Commons (PDC), accessible at https://pdc.cancer.gov. As a specialized repository within the NCI Cancer Research Data Commons (CRDC), PDC enables researchers to locate and analyze proteomic data from various cancer types and connect with genomic and imaging data available for the same samples in other CRDC nodes. Presently, PDC houses annotated data from more than 160 datasets across 19 cancer types, generated by several large-scale cancer research programs with cohort sizes exceeding 100 samples (tumor and associated normal when available). In this article, we review the current state of PDC in cancer research, discuss the opportunities and challenges associated with data sharing in proteomics, and propose future directions for the resource.

Significance:

The Proteomic Data Commons (PDC) plays a crucial role in advancing cancer research by providing a centralized repository of high-quality cancer proteomic data, enriched with extensive clinical annotations. By integrating and cross-referencing with complementary genomic and imaging data, the PDC facilitates multi-omics analyses, driving comprehensive insights, and accelerating discoveries across various cancer types.
Circumscribed Alopecia Areata Incognita and Response to Tofacitinib
Authors: Reyes Soto Mayra A. , Pirmez Rodrigo
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Alopecia areata incognita (AAI) remains a subject of ongoing debate in the literature, with some authors advocating its classification as a subtype of alopecia areata. A localized form of this condition, entitled circumscribed AAI, has been rarely reported in the literature. We report an unusual case of circumscribed AAI treated with oral tofacitinib. Case Report: A 21-year-old woman presented with a large patch of localized hair thinning on the parietal area. Trichoscopy revealed yellow dots and short thin hairs. A diagnosis of circumscribed AAI was established. Due to the frequent relapses to conventional treatment and associated weight gain secondary to oral dexamethasone, oral tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily was started with a sustained response. Discussion: AAI is a controversial condition, and its circumscribed variant is scarcely reported in the literature. We hypothesize that AAI clinical presentation may be secondary to cycle disturbance leading to rapid and incomplete hair follicle cycling. Most papers established that the best treatment for AAI is corticosteroids, either topical, intralesional or systemic. Conclusion: Oral tofacitinib represents a potential treatment for AAI cases that do not present a sustained response to corticosteroids.
РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ ПРОГНОЗУВАННЯ ВЕНОЗНИХ ТРОМБОЗІВ ТА ЕМБОЛІЙ ПРИ ЛІКУВАННІ ГОСТРОГО КАЛЬКУЛЬОЗНОГО ХОЛЕЦИСТИТУ
Authors: КОРОЛЬ Я. А. , КАВКА М. Р. , ФЕДЧИШИН Н. Р.
Published: September 2024

Мета роботи: поліпшення результатів лікування пацієнтів із гострим калькульозним холециститом і його ускладненнями шляхом диференційної профілактики венозних тромбозів та емболій за рахунок використання опрацьованої прогностичної моделі визначення ступеня їх ризику.
Матеріали і методи. У ході дослідження проаналізовано результати обстеження та лікування 101 пацієнта з гострим калькульозним холециститом та його ускладненнями за період з 2021 по 2022 роки на базі кафедри хірургії, пластичної хірургії та ендоскопії ФПДО Львівського національного медичного університету імені Данила Галицького (КНП 1 ТМО м. Львів, відділення хірургії та онкології № 2). Переважали жінки (69 осіб, 68,3 %) віком від 24 до 86 років (середній вік (59,0±15,29) років). Пацієнтів поділили залежно від виникнення ускладнень захворювання (34 хворих, 33,7 %) чи їх відсутності. Ускладнення включали здебільшого поєднання гострого калькульозного холециститу з протоковою патологією. Уся вибірка хворих підлягала клінічному, лабораторному та інструментальному дослідженню. У результаті виконаних обстежень і узагальнення даних виявлено 3 (21,4 %) випадки тромбозу в венах гомілок та суральних синусів, 2 (14,3 %) – підколінної вени, 2 (14,3 %) – поверхневої стегнової вени, 2 (14,3 %) – загальної стегнової і 3 (21,4 %) – клубових вен.
Результати. У результаті дослідження та статистичного аналізу було виокремлено 9 факторів, які мають достовірний вплив на виникнення венозних тромбозів й емболій: інтерлейкіни 1β та 4, TNF, протромбіновий індекс, загальний фібриноген, МНВ, D-димери, значення шкал Caprini і Rogers. Розроблено формули для визначення вірогідності розвитку тромботичних ускладнень з гострим неускладненим та ускладненим калькульозним холециститом відповідно. Впровадження у клініці створених об’єктивізованих прогностичних моделей визначення ризику виникнення венозних тромбозів та емболій та застосування способу профілактики у пацієнтів із гострим калькульозним холециститом і його ускладненнями дало змогу сигніфікантно знизити частоту цих ускладнень загалом з 32,7 % до 11,5 %, при неускладнених випадках з 12,1 % до 5,1 % та при ускладнених – з 43,8 % до 15,4 % (р<0,05).
Derechas y acción política empresarial del sector agropecuario en Argentina (2015-2019) y en Paraguay (2013-2018)
Authors: Nikolajczuk Monica Susana
Published: September 2024

El artículo se propone reconstruir el vínculo entre derechas y elite económica en Argentina y Paraguay a través del estudio de la acción política empresarial agropecuaria durante los gobiernos de Mauricio Macri (2015-2019) y de Horacio Cartes (2013-2018).  La hipótesis es que la dimensión que determina el tipo predominante de acción política empresarial del sector agropecuario es la dirección política ideológica de los gobiernos en ejercicio del poder del Estado. Mientras que durante los gobiernos populistas-progresistas en los países bajo estudio, el empresariado agropecuario ponderó la dimensión corporativa y el conflicto político, volviéndose la estrategia prioritaria; con el ascenso de las derechas al poder en Argentina (2015) y Paraguay (2013), se priorizó la estrategia de articulación institucional en el Poder Ejecutivo a través de los mecanismos de circulación de trayectorias desde el ámbito privado, relegando a un plano secundario el accionar contencioso de las organizaciones empresariales. Desarrollaremos una metodología comparativa, puesto que el proyecto pretende contribuir a una carencia en el campo de estudios, desarrollando explicaciones a la vez individualizadoras y generalizadoras del fenómeno
De áreas subutilizadas e degradadas a florestas urbanas: aplicabilidade em cidades industrializadas
Authors: Moura Cristiane Coelho de , Moraes Sérgio Caram de , Haddad Fernando Azzi , Godoi Débora Machado de , Silva Juliane Machado da , Yamauchi Fernanda Keiko Martins , Silva Filho Carlos Alberto da
Published: September 2024

Objetivou-se neste estudo de caso, realizado no município de Mauá, na região metro­politana de São Paulo, verificar a hipótese de que as áreas subutilizadas ou degradadas (ASD) em cidades industrializadas são capazes de suprir a deficiência de áreas verdes (AV) ao se considerar um mínimo de 25% de AV sobre o total da área da cidade. Nesse sentido, procedeu-se um levantamento total das ASD e AV existentes no município. O processo de identificação e mapeamento das ASD e AV foi realizado por meio de técnicas de classificação supervisionada. A demarcação e quantificação das áreas foram tratadas em software de Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG). Verificou-se que Mauá tem 3,89% de ASD com potencial para serem implantadas áreas verdes e 12,41% de áreas verdes consolidadas (AV). Assim, Mauá se apresenta com um nível abaixo da porcentagem de referência para este estudo (<25%), rejeitando-se a hipótese desta pesquisa.
Sebastião Uchoa Leite: faces de um trajeto poético
Authors: Leal Leonardo
Published: September 2024

This study proposes an investigative itinerary through part of Sebastião Uchoa Leite's poetic work, grounded in the books Dez sonetos sem matéria, Dez exercícios numa mesa sobre o tempo e o espaço, Signo/Gnosis e outros, Antilogia, Isso não é aquilo and Cortes/Toques, collected later in Obras em dobras (1989). For this purpose, an interpretative reading of certain poems and an analysis of the poetic faces of the writer are developed, which made possible the perception of the transformations of style, tone, motives, from the sonnetistic dimension of the initial productions to the inflection with the encounter with the concretes, the critical attack on the lyrical similes and metaphors, and the particular appropriation of certain forms of pop culture and irony. For the examination of this trajectory, it was important to turn to critics who dedicated themselves to his work, aiming at a greater understanding about the participation of Uchoa Leite’s poetic word in contemporary brazilian literature.
Dois vezes um
Authors: Medail Nadia Ayelén
Published: September 2024

Creative writing.
Comparison of American and European Guideline Recommendations for Diagnostic Workup and Secondary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Mulder Maxim J.H.L. , Cras Tim Y. , Shay James , Dippel Diederik W.J. , Burke James F.
Published: September 2024

Guidelines help to facilitate treatment decisions based on available evidence, and also to provide recommendations in areas of uncertainty. In this paper, we compare the recommendations for stroke workup and secondary prevention of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack of the American Heart Association (AHA)/American Stroke Association (ASA) with the European Stroke Organization (ESO) guidelines. The primary aim of this paper is to offer clinicians guidance by identifying areas where there is consensus and where consensus is lacking, in the absence or presence of high-level evidence. We compared AHA/ASA with the ESO guideline recommendations for 7 different topics related to diagnostic stroke workup and secondary prevention. We categorized the recommendations based on class and level of evidence to determine whether there were relevant differences in the ratings of evidence that the guidelines used for its recommendations. Finally, we summarized major topics of agreement and disagreement, while also prominent knowledge gaps were identified. In total, we found 63 ESO and 82 AHA/ASA recommendations, of which 38 were on the same subject. Most recommendations are largely similar, but not all are based on high-level evidence. For many recommendations, AHA/ASA and ESO assigned different levels of evidence. For the 10 recommendations with
Level A
evidence (high quality) in AHA/ASA, ESO only labeled 4 of these as
high quality
. There are many remaining issues with either no or insufficient evidence, and some topics that are not covered by both guidelines. Most ESO and AHA/ASA Guideline recommendations for stroke workup and secondary prevention were similar. However not all were based on high-level evidence and the appointed level of evidence often differed. Clinicians should not blindly follow all guideline recommendations; the accompanying level of evidence informs which recommendations are based on robust evidence. Topics with lower levels of evidence, or those with recommendations that disagree or are missing, may be an incentive for further clinical research.
Generating Sonic Phantoms with Quadratic Difference Tone Spectrum Synthesis
Authors: Gutiérrez Esteban , Haworth Christopher , Cádiz Rodrigo F.
Published: September 2024

Quadratic difference tones belong to a family of perceptual phenomena that arise from the neuromechanics of the auditory system in response to particular physical properties of sound. Long deployed as “ghost” or “phantom” tones by sound artists, improvisers, and computer musicians, in this article we address an entirely new topic: How to create a quadratic difference tone spectrum (QDTS) in which a target fundamental and harmonic overtone series are specified and in which the complex tone necessary to evoke it is synthesized. We propose a numerical algorithm that solves the problem of how to synthesize a QDTS for a target distribution of amplitudes. The algorithm aims to find a solution that matches the desired spectrum as closely as possible for an arbitrary number of target harmonics. Results from experiments using different parameter settings and target distributions show that the algorithm is effective in the majority of cases, with at least 99% of the cases being solvable in real time. An external object for the visual programming language Max is described. We discuss musical and perceptual considerations for using the external, and we describe a range of audio examples that demonstrate the synthesis of QDTSs across different cases. As we show, the method makes possible the matching of QDTSs to particular instrumental timbres with surprising efficiency. Also included is a discussion of a musical work by composer Marcin Pietruszewski that makes use of QDTS synthesis.
Segregation-to-integration transformation model of memory evolution
Authors: Bavassi Luz , Fuentemilla Lluís
Published: September 2024

Memories are thought to use coding schemes that dynamically adjust their representational structure to maximize both persistence and efficiency. However, the nature of these coding scheme adjustments and their impact on the temporal evolution of memory after initial encoding is unclear. Here, we introduce the Segregation-to-Integration Transformation (SIT) model, a network formalization that offers a unified account of how the representational structure of a memory is transformed over time. The SIT model asserts that memories initially adopt a highly modular or segregated network structure, functioning as an optimal storage buffer by balancing protection from disruptions and accommodating substantial information. Over time, a repeated combination of neural network reactivations involving activation spreading and synaptic plasticity transforms the initial modular structure into an integrated memory form, facilitating intercommunity spreading and fostering generalization. The SIT model identifies a nonlinear or inverted U-shaped function in memory evolution where memories are most susceptible to changing their representation. This time window, located early during the transformation, is a consequence of the memory’s structural configuration, where the activation diffusion across the network is maximized.
Impact of COVID-19 School Closures on White Matter Plasticity in the Reading Network
Authors: Blockmans Lauren , Hoeft Fumiko , Wouters Jan , Ghesquière Pol , Vandermosten Maaike
Published: September 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, children worldwide experienced school closures. Several studies have detected a negative impact on reading-related skills in children who experienced these closures during the early stages of reading instruction, but the impact on the reading network in the brain has not been investigated. In the current longitudinal study in a sample of 162 Dutch-speaking children, we found a short-term effect in the growth of phonological awareness in children with COVID-19 school closures compared to children without school closures, but no long-term effects one year later. Similarly, we did not find a long-term effect on the longitudinal development of white matter connectivity in tracts implicated during early reading development. Together, these findings indicate that one year after school closures no effects on the development of phonological awareness and white matter are found, yet it remains an open question whether short-term effects on the reading network could have been present and/or whether other networks (e.g., psychosocial related networks) are potentially more affected.
A Letter to the King
Authors: Torollo David
Published: September 2024

Many of the Jews who were expelled from Iberia in the fifteenth century settled in North Africa. More than 400 years later, Moroccan Sephardic Jews in Fes would engage with Spain again. In this article, I present an unpublished document of historical interest: a letter written in Judeo-Arabic in 1905 by the Jewish community of Fes and addressed to the Spanish king, Alfonso XIII, asking for financial support to build a Spanish school in the mellāḥ of the city. Sephardic Jews in the region had preserved Spanish traditions, claimed to be part of that culture, and, perhaps more importantly, demanded to be protected by it. I take this letter, whose edition, translation, and images are included, as a vantage point for exploring the linguistic, social, and political situation of Sephardic Jews in Fes at the turn of the last century.
Review of the genus Diduga (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae) of Vietnam, with a new species and two newly recorded species
Authors: BAYARSAIKHAN ULZIIJARGAL , HEPPNER JOHN B. , KWON HYUNG WOOK , BAE YANG-SEOP
Published: September 2024

Species of the genus Diduga Moore are reviewed in Vietnam, with nine species including a new species, D. laocai sp. nov., and two newly recorded species, D. hastata Bayarsaikhan & Bae, 2021 and D. robdevosi Bayarsaikhan & Bae, 2023. Illustrations of adults and male and female genitalia of all examined species are provided.
A checklist of Eucnemidae (Coleoptera: Elateroidea) from Iran
Authors: KOVALEV ALEXEY V. , GHAHARI HASSAN
Published: September 2024

The distribution of Eucnemidae (Coleoptera: Elateroidea) of Iran is summarized and an annotated checklist of the Iranian Eucnemidae is provided. A total of 16 species within 13 genera in four subfamilies of the family are listed.
A new species of Heterogorgia Verrill, 1868 (Octocorallia, Malacalcyonacea) from a mesophotic fishing shoal in the eastern Pacific
Authors: BREEDY ODALISCA , MURILLO-CRUZ CATALINA , CORTÉS JORGE
Published: September 2024

Heterogorgia abdita sp. nov. is a newly identified mesophotic octocoral species collected at Tigre shoal off Santa Elena Peninsula (Pacific Costa Rica). The new species is described based on distinctive morphological characters that classify it within the genus Heterogorgia. It is characterised by its conspicuous small branching colony with prominent calyces and thin branches. While its scleroma aligns with the genus, the presence of club-like spindles is notable, as these have previously been observed only in the sole Atlantic Heterogorgia species. This study enhances our understanding of the intriguing genus Heterogorgia and contributes to the knowledge of octocoral biodiversity within the Área de Conservación Guanacaste north Pacific Costa Rica and the broader marine biodiversity of the eastern tropical Pacific.
8. Exploring Artificial Intelligence Futures
Authors: Avin Shahar
Published: September 2024

This chapter presents a survey of the different methods available for the exploration of Artificial Intelligence futures, from fictional narratives to integrative, interdisciplinary, and participatory methods of exploring AI futures. Examining these different methods and tools, this chapter provides the advantages and limitations of each one, recognising that although no tool can reliably predict the future of AI, they are useful in reducing possible future surprises and creating a platform which enables conversations about what we want the future to look like. The author suggests a collaboration between all future AI narratives, that attention should be equalised between different tools and methods, calling for a more balanced portfolio when it comes to exploring AI futures.
9. Accumulating Evidence Using Crowdsourcing and Machine Learning
Authors: Shackleford Gorm , Kemp Luke , Rhodes Catherine , Sundaram Lalitha , Ó hÉigeartaigh Seán S. , Beard SJ , Belfield Haydn , Weitzdörfer Julius , Avin Shahar , Sørebø Dag , Jones Elliot M. , Hume John B. , Price David , Pyle David , Hurt Daniel , Stone Theodore , Watkins Harry , Collas Lydia , Cade Bryony C. , Johnson Thomas Frederick , Freitas-Grof Zachary , Denkenberger David , Levot Michael , Sutherland William J.
Published: September 2024

Focusing on the study of existential risk, this chapter shows how academic research publications can be systematically reviewed using semi-automated processes such as crowdsourcing and machine learning. These publications can then be accumulated in an open-access database, if relevant, forming a reusable evidence base for policy and risk analysis. The authors use The Existential Risk Research Assessment (TERRA), a living bibliography about existential risk, as an example of the semi-automated processes in action, noting the successes and challenges of such a semi-automated tool. This chapter allows for speculation concerning the future of a publication base like TERRA and the authors encourage readers themselves to participate in TERRA, to contribute to a bigger and better future bibliography.
11. Enabling the Participatory Exploration of Alternative Futures With ParEvo
Authors: Davies Rick , Beard SJ , Hobson Tom , Mani Lara
Published: September 2024

This chapter discusses ParEvo, an online method of exploring alternative histories or future scenarios, using a participatory evolutionary process. ParEvo allows participants to think creatively about alternative futures and encourages the consideration of the ways in which to respond to possible futures. This provides a means to think about how risks and vulnerabilities might develop, and the ways in which to prevent them; possibilities are opened up and are able to be explored. This chapter evaluates ParEvo, illustrating how it could be a useful tool in Existential Risk Studies, exploring how people can collaboratively construct alternative future storylines and generating a significant body of data which could be analysed for future use.
13. Re-Framing the Threat of Global Warming
Authors: Richards Catherine , Lupton Richard , Allwood Julian
Published: September 2024

Using a systems dynamic approach, this chapter suggests that a Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) can be utilised as a means to build an evidence base of the relationships between climate change, food insecurity, and societal collapse. Reviewing relevant literature, the authors define a set of primary and secondary determinants of societal collapse, establishing an empirical evidence base which then allows for the authors to construct a CLD to illustrate the identified causal relationships. This chapter helps to develop readers’ understandings of the existential threat of climate change, and the causal pathways through which it may pose a risk to humanity, therefore bettering possible risk management and future prevention methods.
16. Bioengineering Horizon Scan 2020
Authors: Kemp Luke , Adam Laura , Boehm Christian R , Breitling Rainer , Casagrande Rocco , Dando Malcolm , Djikeng Appolinaire , Evans Nicholas G , Hammond Richard , Hills Kelly , Holt Lauren A , Kuiken Todd , Markotić Alemka , Millett Piers , Napier Jonathan A , Nelson Cassidy , Ó hÉigeartaigh Seán S. , Osbourn Anne , Palmer Megan J , Patron Nicola J , Perello Edward , Piyawattanametha Wibool , Restrepo-Schild Vanessa , Rios Rojas Clarissa , Rhodes Catherine , Roessing Anna , Scott Deborah , Shapira Philip , Simuntala Christopher , Smith Robert D J , Sundaram Lalitha , Takano Eriko , Uttmark Gwynn , Wintle Bonnie C. , Zahra Nadia B , Sutherland William J.
Published: September 2024

This chapter reproduces the second horizon scan for bioengineering conducted by the Centre for the Study of Existential Risk in 2020, one of the most significant pieces of horizon scanning that has been undertaken in the field to-date. Identifying the top 20 emergent issues, the authors group them according to a likely timeline for their realisation, and discuss each throughout the chapter. This allows for the most notable issues that may impact the planet and humanity to be tracked, and the most pressing issues to be identified. The early identification of such issues is relevant for researchers, policy-makers, and the general public, providing an opportunity to consider what anticipatory or future action might need to be taken.
17. Artificial Canaries
Authors: Cremer Zoe , Whittlestone Jess
Published: September 2024

This chapter proposes the use of expert elicitation and collaborative causal graphs for identifying early warning signs of transformative progress in Artificial Intelligence (AI). Termed as “canaries”, these early warning signs can identify potential harmful impact on language models of political systems as well as progress towards high-level machine intelligence. The identification of these “canaries” can provide focal points for the anticipatory governance of AI, enabling the control and monitoring of AI development and the ability to steer AI in safe directions. The authors of this chapter offer the chance for a forward-looking, democratic assessment of rapidly developing, transformative technologies.
19. The Cartography of Global Catastrophic Governance
Authors: Rhodes Catherine , Kemp Luke
Published: September 2024

Providing an overview of the existing governance arrangement for Global Catastrophic Risk (GCR) hazards and drivers, this chapter finds that the framework’s effectiveness is doubtful. The authors explore gaps in different areas of global governance, finding that despite there being regulation and action dedicated to managing GCRs, in areas such as AI and asteroid impacts, policy needs improving. Laying out steps in which to improve the state of GRC governance, such as building the foresight and oversight capacities of the UN for GCRs, this chapter provides recommendations that contribute towards a more sustainable future.
Distinct Features of Tropical Cyclone Landfall over East Asia during Various Types of El Niño
Authors: Pan Lixia , Wang Xin , Chen Jiepeng , Zhan Haigang
Published: September 2024

Numerous studies focus on the impacts of ENSO diversity on tropical cyclone (TC) activities in the western North Pacific (WNP). In recent years, there is a growing threat of landfalling and northward-moving TCs in East Asia, accompanying an increase in central Pacific (CP) El Niño. Here, we aim to discover variations in landfalling TCs during various types of CP El Niño (CP-I and CP-II El Niño). It is found that significant changes in landfalling and going northward TCs over East Asia north 20°N are modulated by CP-I El Niño. During CP-I El Niño, TCs tend to landfall more often over the mainland of China with longer duration, moving distance, and stronger power dissipation index (PDI) after landfall and increased TC-induced rainfall, due to favorable conditions (beneficial steering flow, weak vertical wind shear, increased specific humidity, increased soil moisture, and temperature), especially significant over the northeastern part. The situation over the mainland of China is reversed during eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño and CP-II El Niño, with a significant decrease in the characteristics with corresponding unfavorable environments. Over the Korean Peninsula and Japan, the frequency of TC landfalls, as well as the duration and the moving distance after landfall, exhibits greater levels during CP-I and CP-II El Niño than during EP El Niño due to favorable steering flow, and thus, TC-induced rainfall enhances correspondingly. Regarding the PDI over the Korean Peninsula and Japan, it remains relatively consistent across all El Niño types. However, a notable increase in the PDI during EP El Niño could be attributed to the higher intensity of TCs prior to landfall.
A physics-informed machine learning model for global-local stress prediction of open holes with finite-width effects in composite structures
Authors: Imran Azeem Omar Ahmed , Pinho Silvestre T
Published: September 2024

Fast and accurate methods are required to predict stresses in the vicinity of open and closed holes in composite structures, especially in a global-local modelling context as applied during the design of airframe structures. Fast analytical solutions for infinite-width anisotropic plates with open holes do not consider finite-width effects. Heuristic methods and semi-analytical solutions can be used to towards addressing such effects. To improve the accuracy and speed of these respective methods, we use machine learning (ML) methods trained on high-fidelity finite element analyses to make finite-width corrections. However, such methods require large amounts of training data to reduce errors to satisfactory levels. Therefore, in this study, the fusion of analytical solutions with machine learning is performed. We develop an analytical solution-informed ML model that is as fast as an analytical solution and superior in accuracy to analytical solutions with heuristic finite-width scaling. Our informed ML model offers accuracies equal to analytical solutions for the infinite-width case, and it is capable for use in a global-local modelling context, under uniaxial and biaxial loading. Our informed ML model outperforms prediction accuracy across all cases compared to uninformed ML models and requires a significantly lower size training dataset size.
Determination of mechanical and tribological properties of vacuum sintered hybrid reinforced Al-4Cu composites
Authors: Usca Üsame Ali , Şap Serhat , Uzun Mahir , Değirmenci Ünal
Published: September 2024

This study aims to modernize commonly preferred hybrid aluminum composites in the automotive and defense industries. For this purpose, Al-4Cu/B4C-SiC hybrid composites were manufactured using the hot pressing method and their microstructure, mechanical, and tribological properties were investigated. SEM/EDS analyses of the samples were conducted to examine morphological characteristics. Hardness, relative density, and three-point bending tests were performed on the produced samples. Additionally, wear tests were conducted under dry sliding conditions and different loads (5-10-15 N) to investigate tribological properties. The addition of hybrid reinforcements resulted in high hardness (88.54 HB) and relative density (98.83%) values. The highest bending stress (556.9 MPa) was observed in sample AC-4 (Al-4Cu/2B4C-2SiC). The lowest mass loss (1.1 × 10−3 g) was encountered in sample AC-6 (Al-4Cu/6B4C-6SiC), where all reinforcements were present together. Plastic deformation, oxidation, and residual wear mechanisms were identified on the worn surfaces of the samples. Consequently, the addition of hybrid reinforcements to Al-4Cu composites shows promising potential in enhancing the mechanical and tribological performance of the composites.
Perceived Emotional Invalidation, Psychological Distress and Relationship Satisfaction in Couples: An Actor–Partner Interdependence Mediation Analysis
Authors: Brandão Tânia
Published: September 2024

Research has demonstrated a clear link between perceived emotional invalidation and increased psychological distress. However, available studies have predominantly focused on individual data, and leave the impact on relationship satisfaction largely unexplored. Considering the systemic-transactional model, our study aimed to examine the association between perceived emotional invalidation, psychological distress, and couple relationship satisfaction from a dyadic perspective. We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 240 mixed-gender couples from Portugal employing the Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediational Model to analyse the data to examine actor and partner direct and indirect effects. Results showed that, for both women and men, own perceived emotional invalidation was associated with own psychological distress but not with own relationship satisfaction. Also, own psychological distress was associated with own relationship satisfaction but only for women. Finally, one actor and one partner indirect effects were found. Women perceived emotional invalidation was associated with their own psychological distress which in turn contributed to lower levels of relationship satisfaction for both them and their partners. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the dyadic effects of perceived emotional invalidation on psychological distress and relationship satisfaction within romantic relationships identifying interpersonal emotional dynamics as an important target of interventions.
The Migration Intersections Grid: An Organizing Framework for Migration Research in and through the Twenty-first Century
Authors: Maharjan Amina , del Valle Angel , Erulkar Annabel , Mishra Arabinda , Steidl Catherine , Singh Chandni , Sharma Deepshikha , Riosmena Fernando , Pinillos Gabriela , Abel Guy , DeWaard Jack , Ha Jasmine Trang , Donato Katharine M. , Madise Nyovani , Nawrotzki Raphael , Nevarez Rene , McLeman Robert , Hussein Salma Abou
Published: September 2024

For this special issue of the International Migration Review, we develop and provide a comprehensive organizing framework, the Migration Intersections Grid (MIG), to inform and guide migration research in and through the remainder of the twenty-first century. We motivate our work by conducting a high-level scoping review of summaries and syntheses of different directions of travel in migration research over time. Informed by these results, we then identify and describe 12 components that constitute the MIG, which, as we later discuss, is an interactive intersectional organizing framework. Finally, we illustrate the MIG's interactive intersectional nature by applying it to several areas of migration research where a comprehensive organizing framework of this sort is needed to address existing and emerging issues and questions now and in the coming decades.