bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Engaging Stakeholders through Proper Waste Management System to Achieve a Sustainable Campus: A Case Study at UMY, Indonesia
Authors: Rosilawati Yeni , Rahmawati Fitria , Hidayat Tommi
Published: November 2023

A large waste management system becomes inevitable for a campus due to its population and various activities. Therefore, developing and implementing a waste minimization plan to encourage sustainable campus practices is challenging. Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (UMY), with its nickname as a green campus, certainly has more attention to a sustainable ecological balance, as proved by UMY’s inclusion in the UI Green Metric World University Ranking, focusing on energy use, water use, waste treatment, transportation, and infrastructure. In 2020, UMY won 137th place after competing with 912 universities in 85 countries. This paper would like to analyze the stakeholder’s engagement in waste management systems to achieve a sustainable campus, choosing UMY as a single case study. This study utilized a qualitative research method with a case study design. Data were gathered through an in-depth-interview and documentation. The findings of this study identify strategies implemented by the stakeholders in managing waste in the university environments, including waste separation, waste collection and disposal, waste transportation, and waste processing and recycling. In addition, the findings reinforce the role of the stakeholders as the key, primary, and secondary stakeholders in waste management towards achieving a sustainable green campus.
The Culture of Using Social Media of Environmental Discourse by The Youth in Tangerang City
Authors: Tomohardjo Irmulansati , Iman Fauzi Nur , Hidayati Yulia
Published: November 2023

This study explores the construction of environmental discourse in social media among the youth in Tangerang City, Banten Province, Indonesia, based on the perspective of environmental communication concept and social media perspective. The method incorporated was a case study by interviewing key informants, ten youths from Tangerang City, with qualitative descriptive analysis. The research found that almost all key informants have a common culture of environmental discourse in social media. Also, the research found that the youth socialize with others on social media who feel the need to grow and participate. In addition, the youth think that the discourse on a green environment refers to the desire to create an environment that is clean from garbage and has lots of trees and more plants, creating a peaceful, quiet, spacious environment with and preserving lots of green plants and animals.
The Role of the Community Environment in Addressing Klitih (Juvenile Delinquency) in Yogyakarta
Authors: Alghzali Reno Diqqi , Alsa Asmadi , Khilmiyah Akif
Published: November 2023

Klitih, a local term in Yogyakarta, refers to juvenile delinquency. The present aimed to examine the role of the community environment in addressing klitih in Yogyakarta. The investigation employed a qualitative approach involving a case study method to gain insights into the environmental factors influencing youth delinquency prevention in Yogyakarta. The findings highlighted the crucial role played by families, communities, social institutions, and the government in mitigating the issue. The community environment played a pivotal role in curbing nighttime youth gatherings, which has been proven effective in reducing crime rates, particularly in the Yogyakarta region. The researcher identified a strategic approach for tackling juvenile delinquency in Yogyakarta. It could eventually serve as a valuable guideline for communities, emphasizing the significance of society and the environment in addressing juvenile delinquency in their surroundings. Additionally, it could encourage community involvement through training and practical measures related to coping strategies for klitih (juvenile delinquency) within crime-prone environments.
Bibliometric Analysis: Research on Bullying and Relational Bullying
Authors: Feliana Fitri , Partino Partino , Chirzin Muhammad , Suud Fitriah M.
Published: November 2023

Bullying cases in the last few decades are global issues that have not been resolved. Research on bullying still needs to be done to find novelty. This article used bibliometric analyses to analyze specific psychology and social science bullying research and find out the factors and forms of relational bullying based on online data on web science. The method focused on the Scopus database and was analyzed through scoping reviews and bibliometric analysis with several publications per year for the last ten years (2013–2022). Relational bullying used NVivo 12 Plus qualitative data analysis software (QDSA) with several publications from 2015–2022. The findings showed that bullying publications continue to increase yearly from 2016 to 2022 and are still a global issue. The United States and the United Kingdom are the top two countries that contribute the most publications. VOSviewer bibliometric analysis found eight clusters due to network visualization, overlay, and density of related themes, and a research gap, interest in relational bullying for future research. The originality of this research lies in relational bullying and its supporting factors.
Public Response on Twitter: The Urgency of Government Policy on Electric Vehicles
Authors: Luth  , Kismartini  , Lituhayu Dyah , Maswati Rani , Baharuddin Tawakkal
Published: November 2023

Recent policies have encouraged the adoption of electric vehicles in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to determine the urgency of the policy and how the public responds on Twitter about electric vehicle policies. This study used a quantitative approach with descriptive content analysis. The object of research is seen from the involvement of Twitter social media users in issues of electric vehicle policy. The subject of this research is Twitter social media users. Data capture focuses on keyword searches (electric vehicles) based on Tweets. The number of keywords obtained is 5789 Tweets. Data is analyzed relying on units of analysis such as sentiment analysis and text search queries. The findings from this study indicate that the urgency of electric vehicle policy is to address environmental problems such as air pollution, dependence on imported fuels, potential cost savings, energy efficiency, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and climate change. This study also found that adopting electric vehicle policies in Indonesia could be hampered by several factors, namely limited vehicle mileage, high cost of electric vehicles, and limited charging infrastructure. This negative sentiment has hindered public acceptance to use electric vehicles in the future.
Enhancing Organizational Commitment through Effective Computer Communication Practices: A Proposal for Malaysian Organizations
Authors: Aris Ain Zuraini Zin , Hassan Azlini , Kassim Muhammad Asyraf Muhammad
Published: November 2023

This research aims to explore and propose effective computer communication practices that can enhance organizational commitment in the Malaysian context. As organizations in Malaysia increasingly adopt Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) tools and digital platforms for collaboration, it becomes crucial to understand how these practices influence employees’ commitment to their organizations. This study will identify the specific challenges and opportunities related to CMC in the Malaysian workplace, explore cultural factors, leadership styles, and organizational characteristics that impact organizational commitment, and propose strategies to optimize computer communication to foster higher commitment levels. By addressing the unique needs and dynamics of Malaysian organizations, this research will contribute to the development of tailored approaches to enhance organizational commitment through computer communication practices.
Optimalization the Blue Economy Policy of the Tourism Sector using E-Government in the Coastal Area of Ambon Island
Authors: Rahman Abdul , Mawar  , Hermanto Agus
Published: November 2023

This study was conducted with the objective of investigating and evaluating the optimization of the blue economy policy within the tourism sector by leveraging e-government tools in the coastal region of Ambon Island. Qualitative research employing the case study methodology was employed for this study. The results of this study have unveiled that the current level of e-government adoption in the coastal region of Ambon Island falls short of the desired standards. This is primarily attributed to two pivotal factors. Firstly, the Local Government of Ambon City, as represented by the Ambon City Tourism Agency, lacks a dedicated website, application, or dashboard for several crucial purposes. These factors encompass sharing information and knowledge with other government entities, enhancing the dissemination of information and knowledge, fostering greater citizen engagement, bolstering collaboration with the business sector, and attracting potential tourists to Ambon City. Secondly, both the Maluku Provincial Government and the Central Government have not provided adequate support or backing for these initiatives. Therefore, this research proposed that: The Ambon City Government should create an e-government platform, which can take the form of a website, platform, or tourism dashboard. This platform should be dedicated to updating and disseminating information and knowledge currently hosted on https://kemenparekraf.go.id/. Additionally, efforts should be made to simplify various elements that serve similar functions or contain similar content. The integration of visa and application issuance features from the website https://visa-online.imigration.go.id/ should be implemented to enhance the existing website https://www.indonesia.travel/id/. In addition, improvements should be made to the English language functionality of the website https://dispar.malukuprov.go.id/. Also, the Maluku Provincial Government should intensify its promotional efforts for the Beta Maluku Application.
The Use of CCTV Model Analysis for a Smart Environment in Semarang City
Authors: Kencono Dewi Sekar , Ahsany Muhammad Rizqon
Published: November 2023

This study examined the concept of a smart city and the importance of a smart environment in city management. CCTV analytics has been employed to monitor and manage urban environments, especially in Semarang City. Smart city and CCTV analytics challenges facing the Semarang City Government were investigated. Interviews, document analysis, and field observation provided input for this case study, combined with specific cases to gather detailed explanations from various sources or stakeholders. The installation of a CCTV analytics system in Semarang aims to create a smart environment. The city strategically installed CCTV cameras with analytical technology and a data center to process and store CCTV data. This system monitored high-risk areas such as flood plains. The Quick Response Team handled problems immediately after the early warning system was activated. However, funding, analytical CCTV supply, and system integration were issues. Hence, the government must address these challenges to manage the environment and reduce risks. This research discovered that analytical CCTV in Semarang City provided real-time data and visualization of environmental conditions, helping the government make the right decisions and policies. Access to CCTV footage and decision-making benefited the community. Air pollution and flooding must be addressed as the integration continued. This study emphasizes urban environmental management strategies and the pros and cons of technology integration. The potential of smart environments and the challenges of smart city implementation require more research and development.
Smart Construction Using Building Information Modelling (BIM)
Authors: Syamil Ahmad , Kharisma Ian Shandy
Published: November 2023

Smart construction is the application of advanced technologies and digital tools in the construction industry to enhance productivity, efficiency, and collaboration throughout the construction process. One of the key technologies used in smart construction is Building Information Modelling (BIM), a digital representation of a building or infrastructure project encompassing its physical and functional characteristics. This study investigates the factors influencing BIM implementation in Indonesia's construction industry. The study surveyed 175 engineers in Indonesian construction companies and used SmartPLS to analyze the data. The findings indicate that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence significantly impact behavioral intentions to use BIM, which, in turn, positively correlates with individual user behaviors when using BIM in Indonesian construction companies.
Research on Graphene and its Applications
Authors: Chen Yanyan
Published: November 2023

As a magical material with powerful functions, graphene has recent high strength, excellent thermal conductivity, and good biological compatibility. In recent years, it has attracted the attention of the scientific and public worlds. Considering the prospects of extensive research in graphene, this paper uses the results of the predecessor used in the panoramic method to summarize the research and application of graphene. Specifically, this paper introduces the basic information of graphene including the simple concepts, structures, and main preparation methods. The advantages and weaknesses of different preparation methods (Mechanical Exfoliation Method, Redox method, Exogenous extension method (SiC), Liquid Phase Epitaxy, Vapor deposition method, and Solvothermal method) are compared. In terms of applications, this paper summarizes graphene applied in the current anode materials of the battery, and the field of medical application (dental planting, bone tissue engineering project). The current production rate of graphene is low, the quality of graphene is not high, and the quality of graphene is low. On this basis, and the aspect of the performance of graphene improvement has been outlooked.
Application of Nanomaterials in Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Feng Jinfeng
Published: November 2023

Water scarcity is one of the current problems that people need to solve, and wastewater treatment is one of the effective ways to solve it. However, traditional wastewater treatment methods are inefficient, and pollutants cannot be removed entirely. Nanotechnology can effectively address the above issues and its application in wastewater treatment has been researched extensively. This paper introduces nano-adsorbents, nano-photocatalysts and nanomembranes, which are all considered to have a promising prospect in wastewater treatment. Nano-adsorbents are classified as carbon-based nanomaterials, metalbased nanomaterials, nano-polymer and nano-zeolite adsorbents depending on the type of materials, mainly for adsorbing heavy metal ions. Nano-photocatalysts are good at removing bacteria and dyes from water and titanium dioxide (TiO2) is the commonly used material. Nanomembranes are divided into nanofiltration membranes, nanocomposite membranes, nanofiber membranes and aquaporin biomimetic membranes. Metal ions and organic pollutants can be separated by adding different materials into the membrane. The addition of molecular receptors to nanofiber membranes could use in the selective separation of some ions. The recovery of used nano-adsorbents and fouling resistance of nanomembranes are currently the main challenges for nanotechnology in wastewater treatment
Analysis and classification of Non-isolated inverter leakage currents for photovoltaic systems
Authors: Li Zhongliang
Published: November 2023

In the past few years, there has been a growing concern about the pollution caused by fossil fuels, leading to a significant interest in photovoltaic power generation due to its clean and environmentally friendly features. However, suppressing leakage currents is a major problem for Non-isolated PV inverters. This paper focuses on the leakage current suppression methods, summarises three main leakage current suppression paths and systematically analyses and classifies the DC-bypass topology, the H5 topology and the Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) three-level topology. In order to address the issue mentioned above, several approaches can be taken. Firstly, a suitable sinusoidal pulse width modulation strategy is implemented. Additionally, alterations are made to the common mode impedance Z. Furthermore, efforts are made to ensure a proper match of circuit parameters. The analyses in this paper are all carried out based on bridge-type inverters to provide a reference for the study of leakage current suppression in Non-isolated Inverter. Future studies will be more efficient when similar issues arise.
Analysis of high boost ratio Y-source inverter with DC chain voltage spike suppression
Authors: Deng Miao , Wen Yuheng , Zhang Yulu
Published: November 2023

Y-source inverter is a power electronic converter that can achieve an excessive voltage boost with a weak through dutyfactor. Due to the addition of three-winding coupling inductance, the inverter is more flexible in choosing turns ratio and has higher reliability. This study examines the history of Ysource inverter (YSI) development as well as the evolution of its topology, and identifies advantages with regard to Z-source inverters and conventional inverters. Then state analysis and mathematical analysis of I-YSI, a typical topology of Y-source inverter, are carried out to obtain the current situation of each part of the inverter, and the problem of DC chain voltage maximum caused by leakage induction is pointed out. To solve the voltage peak problem of DC chain, two solutions are summarized, including adding energy absorption loop and changing control strategy, and the two strategies are analysed in detail. Finally, the possible development direction of YSI is discussed. The development of the YSI will benefit greatly from the research implications of this study.
Recent Advances in Short Circuit Protection Methods for SiC MOSFET
Authors: Gao Tiecheng
Published: November 2023

Due to its high efficiency, low switching losses, and high temperature stability, Silicon Carbide (SiC) Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET) has been widely used in various fields. Therefore, the protection of SIC MOSFET devices is crucial. The significance of this research topic lies in comparing the existing short-circuit protection methods and technologies for SiC MOSFET, pointing out the advantages and shortcomings of each method, and providing suggestions. Firstly, the principles and impacts of HSF and FUL in short-circuit faults are introduced. Secondly, this article elaborates on shortcircuit protection methods from two aspects: hardware protection and software protection, concentrating mostly on recently researched hardware protection methods. Finally, a comparison between the two protection methods is made, and potential improvement solutions are proposed. Based on the research conducted, the author believes that the current hardware protection method based on current detection is the optimal solution for SiC MOSFET short-circuit protection. Future research can be focused on integrating other solutions for further optimization on this basis.
Recent Advances in DC-DC Converters for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Zhang Haitao , Zhang Yunjie
Published: November 2023

The emergence of electric vehicles (EVs) has become a better alternative to withstand enormous damage to the environment and human life due to the widespread use of conventional cars. As a vital element in EVs, this paper analysed and compared the key features of different DC-DC topologies from different areas, then, explored strategies to improve DC-DC converter performance. The purpose of all these studies and designs is to help researchers in the automotive industry to choose the right DC-DC converter topology for their needs to achieve the required power density. By continuously improving the design and evaluation of DC-DC converters, it can improve the performance and efficiency of electric vehicles, and further promote the use of sustainable energy. This will help reduce reliance on traditional fuels, lower carbon emissions, improve air quality and move the entire transportation industry towards a greener, more sustainable future.
Research Progress of All-Solid-State Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Cui Chenqi , Liu Yanting , Zhu Haochen
Published: November 2023

In order to reach the peak in carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, it is necessary to perform technical research to reduce carbon emissions. Key core technologies such as zero emissions/reductions, hydrogen industry, and energy storage are particularly important in energy conservation and emissions reduction. In terms of energy storage, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are more advanced. However, traditional LIBs have risks such as swelling, leakage, and flammability. The creation of solid-state lithium-ion batteries (SSLBs) will be thoroughly described in this article, along with the benefits and drawbacks of various electrolytes and electrode materials. Additionally, the future development prospects of SSLBs will be discussed. In the long run, with the continuous optimization of SSLBs performance, the positive electrode material system is a higher specific capacity of lithium-rich materials, and the lithium-ion batteries with negative metal lithium will become mainstream, and the SSLBs technology with a higher energy density, lower cost, more security, and better stability will play a vital supporting role in the clean energy transformation.
Applications and Recycling of Lithium-ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Xiaoying , Zhang Wenxi
Published: November 2023

With the rise of global warming, people have turned to electricity as a means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have emerged as a popular energy conservation solution. However, as the use of LIBs increases, the recycling industry is facing significant wastemanagement challenges. The decreasing content of precious metals in LIBs has led to a decline in recycling income. This article explores the application of LIBs in new energy vehicles, and evaluates the challenges faced by the recycling industry and provides suggestions for overcoming them. Currently, lithium iron phosphate, lithium nickel cobalt manganese and lithium nickel cobalt aluminum batteries have been used in new energy vehicle power batteries. The main recycle methods include direct recycling, hydrometallurgy, and pyrometallurgy. The article then suggests that improved recycling lines that use artificial intelligence and renew manufacturing standards may be beneficial solutions. By addressing these challenges, the problems associated with LIB recycling may be transformed into opportunities for the future.
Comprehensive Evaluation and Analysis of New Batteries
Authors: Zhang Ruizhi
Published: November 2023

New batteries are the mainstream of battery development, and many industries cannot live without new batteries. Most of the new batteries do not pollute the environment and exceed traditional batteries in terms of energy efficiency and charge and discharge times. This paper mainly introduces solid battery, metal battery, sodium ion battery, lithium sulfur battery, fuel cell and nickel-metal hydride battery. In addition, the new battery is compared with the traditional batteries represented by lead-acid batteries, zinc-manganese batteries, zinc-air batteries, zinc-silver batteries, zinc-mercury batteries and Mg-manganese batteries, so as to analyze that the new battery has higher energy under the same volume, and the service life of the new battery is far longer than that of the traditional battery while charging and discharging more times. And in the production and use or waste treatment process will not produce a large number of heavy metals or harmful gases harmful to the human body or the environment, more friendly to the human body and the environment. However, the new battery also inevitably has many shortcomings, most of the new battery production and processing cost is high, raw material acquisition difficulty is high, waste utilization rate is low, manufacturing difficulty is high, the process flow line is complex, and so on, and in the study of the new battery in electric vehicles, aerospace, solar panels and daily life after the application of the new battery speculated that the future development prospects of the new battery is very broad. Although there are many problems with new batteries that can not be solved, the future will slowly replace the status of traditional batteries, and finally understand that new batteries will have a positive effect on the development of human beings.
Classification and Application Research of Lithium Electronic Batteries
Authors: He Jinya
Published: November 2023

In recent years, the damaging effects of burning fossil fuels on the environment and petrol has started to decline, the demand for sustainable energy has risen sharply, and lithium electronic batteries have become a hot spot today due to their high specific capacity, high self-discharge rate, long life and high safety performance. Since lithium metal is an active metal, its preparation and preservation have high requirements on the environment. This paper discusses the development history, working principle, classification and practical application of lithium electronic batteries in real life. The two types of lithium batteries are called lithium metal batteries and lithium ion batteries, respectively. The battery of lithium electronic battery is composed of positive electrode, diaphragm, organic electrolyte, battery shell and negative electrode. Rechargeable battery is also called “lithium ion". Its working principle is to cycle lithium ion back and forth between positive and negative electrodes, and to add and reuse lithium ion alternately and continuously between positive and negative electrodes during charge and discharge. There are basically three categories of lithium-ion battery electrolyte: liquid, solid and molten salt. At present, lithium iron phosphate or frequently used nickel-manganese-cobalt ternary materials are employed as the cathode of standard goods., and negative electrode is mainly graphite and other carbon materials. A better study could result from a deeper understanding of lithium-ion batteries, providing a wealth of theoretical knowledge for in-depth research.
Analysis of The Role of Smart Grids in Renewable Energy
Authors: Meng Weilong
Published: November 2023

The global energy landscape has always been dominated by fossil fuels, but with the intensification of climate change and environmental issues, people realize that the traditional energy system must be transformed. In order to integrate renewable energy and improve the sustainability and resilience of the energy system, smart grids have emerged. Smart grid is a modern grid system based on advanced communication, control and information technology, which can integrate renewable energy more effectively. As one of the renewable energy sources, solar energy plays an important role in the smart grid. It has the advantages of wide distribution, environmental protection, and renewable, and with technological progress and cost reduction, solar power generation is widely used in smart grids. Similarly, wind energy, another important renewable energy source, also plays an important role in the smart grid. The continuous development of wind turbine technology has made wind power generation more efficient and reliable, and the integration with smart grid infrastructure has further improved the efficiency of wind energy utilization. In addition, hydrogen energy has great potential as a clean energy carrier, but the storage and distribution of hydrogen energy in smart grid systems still face challenges.
Complications with Follicular Unit Excision
Authors: Williams Kenneth L. , El-Maghraby Shady
Published: November 2023

Hair restoration surgery (HRS) is typically a safe outpatient or office-based procedure when physicians follow high ethical standards and uphold community practice standards. Patients' clinical outcomes are mostly operator dependent, and temporary and permanent complications rarely occur. Follicular unit excision (FUE) donor harvesting, in particular, is a challenging harvesting technique requiring a long learning curve, physical stamina, higher than average hand–eye coordination and manual dexterity. The types of complications associated with FUE are comparable to linear strip excision (LSE). Similar to LSE donor harvesting, FUE complications may occur irrespective if standard precautions are followed by the physician. As in any skin and scalp procedure, injuries and poor cosmetic outcomes occur despite appropriate preoperative precautions and intraoperative technique. In increasing and greater instances, however, FUE complications are observed when the physician fails to follow hair restoration practice standards and routine surgical precautions. Physician induced, or iatrogenic complications occur more often when untrained licensed surgeons perform HRS, and who fail to meet practice standards and best practices. In the last decade, physician-influenced FUE complications, or iatrogenic cause of FUE injuries are increasingly observed which results in poor aesthetic outcomes. Higher than average FUE complication rates occur in cases involving inadequately trained physicians, as well as in cases where improper delegation of the FUE hair transplant procedure is performed by unlicensed and untrained individuals. In this chapter, we described commonly encountered HRS complications, as well as physician influenced, or iatrogenic causes of FUE complications.
Strange, Rare and Peculiar Symptoms of COVID-19 Cases Managed by Practitioners of the Homeopathy Help Network
Authors: Pracjek Parker , Gray Alastair C. , Doherty Rachael , Straiges Denise
Published: November 2023

Background More than 670 million people have been infected by COVID-19. This case series reports 8 of 55 cases in a broader study of COVID-positive clients who sought homeopathic care for symptoms. Existing studies of homeopathy and COVID-19 have sometimes failed to employ the underpinning theoretical framework of homeopathy—the genus epidemicus. Special focus has been placed on standout symptoms not often reported in conventional medical outlets, known among homeopaths as “strange, rare and peculiar” (SRP) symptoms. The Homeopathy Help Network (HHN) team of practitioners noted SRP symptoms across dozens of cases and studied how they shifted collectively as different variants of the virus emerged.

Methods COVID-positive individuals self-selected for individualized care for their symptoms using homeopathy. They received tele-health consultations and individualized homeopathy interventions in an out-patient homeopathy clinical setting. Clients were seen by individual professional homeopathy practitioners and students under supervision working at the HHN in the United States. Cases for the series were hand-picked with the aim of being an average representation of the more than 4,000 COVID-positive cases seen by members of the HHN. Cases in the full compendium are grouped according to a predominant case feature: Multiple remedies, Posology, Time ill, Single remedy resolution, Hospitalization and, in this case series, SRP symptoms.

Results SRP symptoms included: continually on the verge of unconsciousness; dark green stools; very low pulse alternating with tachycardia; sensation of strong or burning chemical smells; sensation of inhaling water through the nose; recurring electric shock sensations in head or extremities; yellow-green stools.

Conclusion Collective SRP symptoms from the pandemic provided the opportunity to study the hallmark features of COVID-19 in depth. The importance of these symptoms highlights the applicability of Hahnemannian principles and good case-taking practices.
Traumatic Collet-Sicard Syndrome with Associated VIIth and VIIIth Cranial Nerve Palsy: Time for a New Nomenclature
Authors: Acharya Abhijit , Senapati Satya Bhusan , Panigrahi Souvagya , Deo Rama Chandra , Mahapatra AK
Published: November 2023

Collet-Sicard syndrome (CSS) is a rare condition associated with the involvement of cranial nerve (CN) IX to XII due to lesions involving the jugular foramen and hypoglossal canal. The most common causes are found to be tumors (primary or metastatic), trauma, vascular lesions, inflammatory processes, and iatrogenic complications. Primary intracranial tumors are an extremely rare cause of CSS. However, CSS associated with both CN VII and VIII palsy has been not yet described in English literature. We are presenting a rare case of a 32-year-old man who met with a road traffic accident while riding a bike that resulted in traumatic left-sided involvement of CNs from VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, and XII. The syndromes associated with CSS are mostly jugular foramen syndromes that have been tabulated. The association of CSS with facial palsy is quite rare. So much CN involvement in a traumatic case has so far not been reported in the Medical literature yet and thus, this becomes one of the first cases reported worldwide.
They were astronomers
Authors: Palmieri Kristine
Published: November 2023

Unlike at most other observatories in the early 20th century, women working at Yerkes Observatory were able to earn graduate degrees. Here are some of their stories.
Take it to the limit
Authors: Cordey Cédric , Webb Nicole M , Haeusler Martin
Published: November 2023

A hallmark of modern humans is that our newborns are neurologically immature compared to other primates. It is disputed whether this so-called secondary altriciality evolved due to remodelling of the pelvis associated with bipedal locomotion, as suggested by the obstetrical dilemma hypothesis, or from maternal energetic limitations during pregnancy. Specifically, the ‘Energetics of Gestation and Growth’ (EGG) hypothesis posits that birth is initiated when foetal energy requirements exceed the maximum sustained maternal metabolic rate during pregnancy at around 2.1 × basal metabolic rate (BMR) of the non-pregnant, non-lactating condition (NPNL). However, the metabolic threshold argued under the EGG framework is derived from one study with a small sample size of only 12 women from the UK. Accordingly, we performed a meta-analysis of all published studies on metabolic scopes during pregnancy to better account for variability. After excluding 3 studies with methodological issues, a total of 12 studies with 303 women from 5 high- and 3 low-income countries were analysed. On average, pregnancy was found to be less metabolically challenging than previously suggested. The studies revealed substantial variation in metabolic scope during pregnancy, which was not reflected by variation in birth timing. Further, in a third of the studies, the metabolic rates exceeded 2.1 × BMRNPNL. Our simulation of foetal energy requirements demonstrated that this metabolic threshold of 2.1 × BMRNPNL cannot realistically be crossed by the foetus around the time of birth. These findings imply that metabolic constraints are not the main limiting factor dictating gestation length.
Home-care services in the Flanders, Belgium
Authors: Baro F , Moorthamer L , Bruyne G De , Bergh, H Van den , Magits K
Published: November 2023

This chapter focuses on the home-help services in Flanders; the findings discussed relate to these only as far as they have participated in the study. Belgium is divided into three regions, each with their own language and cultural characteristics: (i) the Flemish region, (ii) the Walloon region, and the Brussels region. The German community is part of the Walloon region. Appendix 1 describes the population in the three regions. In the fields of ‘home care’ and ‘community care’, different concepts exist within Belgium. These are not always exactly defined, neither was there complete similarity between those definitions we could find.
Informal care and community care
Authors: Jones Dee
Published: November 2023

Informal care and community care encompasses a very large area of discussion and hence I have chosen to take a ‘broad-brush’ approach covering many aspects of this topic briefly and, inevitably, superficially. I shall begin with informal care, then discuss community care, and finally examine the role of community care in supporting informal carers.
Controversies in screening for breast and cervical cancer
Authors: Fletcher Astrid
Published: November 2023

There are probably few issues that generate such interest, emotion, and controversy in both health professionals and in the public as screening for cancer. The initial enthusiasm for the notion that a simple test could improve mortality by the early detection of disease has been tempered by thirty years of experience. The main lessons that have been learnt are the difficulties in evaluating effectiveness in the absence of randomized controlled trials and the need to balance the benefits against costs and adverse effects. Thus screening for colorectal cancer by testing for faecal occult blood is currently being assessed in several randomized, controlled trials. Reservations in conducting even screening trials for ovarian cancer result from the expense of the test together with its high false positive rate against the comparatively low incidence of the disease. Many controversies surround the screening programmes already implemented in the United Kingdom—screening for breast cancer and for cervical cancer—not least the basic question of whether they are of any use.
Infection
Authors: Southgate Lesley , Lockie Cameron , Heard Shelley , Wood Martin
Published: November 2023

A significant number of patients seen by general practitioners are suffering from infections. Although many of these are minor and self-limiting, they provide an important opportunity for improving the doctor's own understanding of the patient's response to illness, and for enabling the GP to educate the patient in ways in which certain infections may be prevented. Infectious diseases are also a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the modern developed world and, with more people travelling internationally than ever before, there is an increased risk of the spread of serious, non-endemic disease. An important part of the primary health care team's work is directed towards the prevention of infection through health education, immunization, or a combination of both these approaches. Infection provides a unique insight into the role of infection, seen from the combined perspective of GPs, an infectious diseases physician, and a medical microbiologist. It provides detailed information on the wide range of infections which are seen by GPs, including trivial viral infections, life-threatening acute bacterial meningitis, and imported infections such as malaria or typhoid fever. Included are case histories which reflect common practice both in primary care and within the hospital setting, as well as proposed guidelines for the management of infections which may present in general practice. Throughout the authors emphasize the role of teamwork as well as prevention in contemporary primary care through improved patient education.
A history of infection
Authors: Southgate Lesley , Lockie Cameron , Heard Shelley , Wood Martin
Published: November 2023

The ancient Greeks were dearly well aware of the devastation of infection, having experienced a cyclical recurring and remitting outbreak of plague in Athens during the Peloponnesian War between 430 and 426 BC. Thucydides’ graphic and detailed account of its effect indicates that the infectious nature of the illness was quickly appreciated by the physicians of the time.
The response of the body to infection: symptoms, signs, and science
Authors: Southgate Lesley , Lockie Cameron , Heard Shelley , Wood Martin
Published: November 2023

An understanding of the scientific basis of infection is an important component of developing sound clinical prindples for its management in general practice. The commonest physiological response is fever and we have included the management of the feverish child here, an everyday situation in general practice which can cause anxiety for doctors and parents alike.
Important concepts in health care technology assessment
Authors: Banta H David , Luce Bryan R
Published: November 2023

Technology is a central force in modern society. It affects diet, work, and use of leisure time. And it certainly has had an enormous effect on health care. Technology has become controversial, in part because of its very power, in part because of undesirable side effects, and in part because of its high costs (29,221). Overall, though, technology is controversial because it is pervasive. It is impossible to e cape technology. In fact, modern life seems inconceivable without technology (519,539).
Use of health care technology
Authors: Banta H David , Luce Bryan R
Published: November 2023

In the past, use of technology has received relatively little attention either from policy-makers or researchers. Regulatory programmes and explicit decisions within health care systems have tended to focus on the adoption stage. However, the recent focus on outcomes research in the USA is beginning to change this situation. Adoption and use of technology have been separated into two chapters; for several reasons. One is that no general relationship between adoption and use has been observed. Obviously, technology must be acquired to be used. How ever, adopted technologie are used at very different rates. Availability of a technology has been observed to increase use in the case of laboratory services and surgery (25). On the other hand. many pieces of equipment tend to be used under capacity.
Financial costs and their evaluation
Authors: Banta H David , Luce Bryan R
Published: November 2023

It is this background that has given health care technology assessment its primary impetus. During the 1970s, most policy-makers expected technology assessment to be helpful in containing co ts. Gradually, they have realized that costs mu t be contained by financial means, such as budgets and prospective payment. The issue for the 1980s has become choice: how does a society deter mine how to spend its limited resources? Technology assessment seems definitely useful in aiding such choices.
The assessment of prevention
Authors: Banta H David , Luce Bryan R
Published: November 2023

Historically speaking, assessment of preventive activities is well-established. One of the first assessments on record is that of John Snow, who investigated the origin of a cholera epidemic in London in 1854. One of the first randomized clinical trials was that of pertussis (whooping cough) vaccine, organized by Bradford Hill (454). As cost-effectiveness analysis began to be used in the health field, many of the earliest analyses were of preventive interventions. In the period preceding 1984, about a quarter of all cost-effectiveness analyses concerned prevention.
Medical technology in the UK
Authors: Spiby Jackie , Stocking Barbara
Published: November 2023

The UK consists of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. There are some differences in the administrative arrangements for health service provision among the countries, but none that has a major impact on policies concerning the introduction and use of medical technology. The UK has a population of 55 million people and currently spends about 6.1 per cent of its gross national product on health care. The 1989 government expenditure on the National Health Service (NHS) was £23.25 billion.
The population and individual strategies
Authors: Fowler Godfrey
Published: November 2023

Health care is not the sole, nor indeed the main, determinant of a nation’s health. A variety of factors—political, social, economic, legislative, and many others—contribute substantially; health measures are only supplementary and those directed at individuals are generally of relatively marginal importance. Historically in developed countries, and currently in developing ones, improvements in economic and social circumstances which influence conditions of life have a major influence on health. They include nutrition, clean water supplies, safe sewage disposal, and living conditions generally. During the present century, an important adverse effect on health world-wide has been tobacco smoking; although this is subject to some control in developed countries and its prevalence is declining, world-wide the epidemic continues to escalate.
Preparing the practice
Authors: Lawrence Martin
Published: November 2023

Prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major task for any general practice. Many of the practice staff are involved—-whether receptionists making appointments and giving results, nurses doing health check clinics, or doctors making management decisions. Unless the practice is well prepared and organized, the whole exercise is likely to fail. It is much better to take a little longer to plan well and to prepare everyone involved before embarking on a programme of CVD prevention than for a start to be made piecemeal, or by individuals without adequate consultation.
Letters to the general practitioner
Authors: Guly H R
Published: November 2023

General practitioners have the responsibility for the continuing care of the patient and so should be informed of their patient’s attendance at the A& E department. Many A& E departments will send a computer-generated letter to the GP and most will have proforma letters which can be filled in. For the vast majority of attendances information can be communicated by a letter such as:
Face injury
Authors: Guly H R
Published: November 2023

A black eye is usually the result of a direct injury to the eye, often a punch. It is important to differentiate between an uncomplicated periorbital haematoma and an underlying fracture of the zygoma or orbital floor. One should also exclude an injury to the eye itself.
Chest injury
Authors: Guly H R
Published: November 2023

It is important to differentiate between: (1) low velocity injury which is likely to cause an injury to the chest wall only; (2) a more severe crushing injury which may cause asphyxia in addition to the chest injury; and (3) the high velocity injury which may damage mediastinal structures and cause significant pulmonary contusion. With a low velocity injury the exact mechanism will differentiate between the injury which is unlikely to have caused more than a single rib fracture (which may not even require an X-ray) and the rather greater force which may have caused multiple rib fractures.
Forearm and wrist injuries
Authors: Guly H R
Published: November 2023

There are a variety of ways in which the forearm can be injured, including falling or becoming caught in machinery, but the history of a blow with a heavy stick or similar object to the ulna aspect of the forearm (e.g. when the forearm has been raised for protection against assault) should suggest the possibility of an isolated fracture of the shaft of the ulna (nightstick fracture).
Ankle injury
Authors: Guly H R
Published: November 2023

The commonest mechanism of injury at the ankle is an inversion injury and it is easy to fall into the trap of assuming that every ankle injury has been caused in this way. However, there are other mechanisms of injury which occur at this site and there are two injuries which would be missed much less frequently if a proper history was taken. Ruptured Achilles tendon has been noted above under the heading of calf injuries (Chapter 28) but it may also be misdiagnosed as a sprained ankle by the careless. The other injury commonly missed is the fractured calcaneum. The clue to this injury is that it is usually caused by a fall directly on to the heel.