bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OBTAINING AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS BASED ON EXPANDED VERMICULITES OF VARIOUS COMPOSITIONS
Authors: Kalashnik Alexander V. , Ionov Sergey G.
Published: June 2018

Optimal conditions for chemical and thermal treatments of natural vermiculites from various deposits were determined. The aim of obtaining expanded vermiculites with a minimum bulk density was pursued. Optimum temperature for producing thermal expanded vermiculites was 700 °C. According to scanning electron microscopy chemical expanded vermiculite has more developed surface in comparison with thermal expanded vermiculite. Chemical composition of natural vermiculites of various deposits and expanded vermiculites based on them was defined by X-ray fluorescence. It was shown that the vermiculite of the Tatar deposit contains a large amount of iron distributed over the surface. As a result, the vermiculite from Tatarstan can not be modified by hydrogen peroxide because of the active decomposition reaction of hydrogen peroxide on the surface of vermiculite. It was established that the chemical compositions of natural vermiculites as well as expanded vermiculites based on them do not differ. According to Mössbauer spectroscopy the ratio Fe(II)/Fe(III) in natural vermiculate was 1:4 and in thermal expanded vermiculite was 1:8. It should be noted that chemical expanded vermiculate contains only Fe(III). According to X-ray phase analysis the phase composition of natural vermiculite changes at 350 °C. It was defined that natural vermiculite and thermal expanded vermiculite after adsorption of moisture from the air have the same position of the X-ray maximum. When natural vermiculite was heated two areas of water loss were observed by the thermogravimetric analysis. The anisotropy of tensile strength for samples of the same density taken along and across the rolling axis of vermiculite foil obtained by pressing expanded vermiculite without a binder was described. The thermal conductivity coefficient of vermiculite foil was determined. This makes it possible to use the material as heat shield and fire protector.Forcitation:Kalashnik A.V., Ionov S.G. Obtaining and physico-chemical properties of materials based on expanded vermiculites of various compositions. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 6. P. 76-82
IMPACT OF LIPASE ON MICELLE FORMATION AND SOLUBILIZATION ABILITIES OF NON-IONIC SURFACTANTS
Authors: Smith Regina A. , Demyantseva Elena Yu. , Andranovich Ol’ga S.
Published: June 2018

Biotechnology is one of the fastest growing sector of scientific and applied activities of the humans, which needs to be successfully integrated into existing technologies. Such upcoming trend is the combination of conventional pulp treatment by surfactants and enzymatic processing in order to prevent pitch troubles in the pulp and paper mills. This article presents the research results of the abilities of non-ionic surfactants (sintamid-5, sintanol DS-10), enzyme (lipase) and their syner-gistic combinations to the micelle formation and solubilization. We chose the optimal synergistic compositions and investigated their colloid-chemical characteristics. There is no effect to the micelle formation ability of surfactants when addition of lipase is up to 30%. The largest deviation from the additive values of surface activity was observed for the mixture of individual non-ionic surfactant and lipase at the ratio of 70:30. However, in the all mixtures of both surfactants and lipase the ratio of experimental surface activity to the theoretically calculated is less than one. It looks, that hydrophilic areas of mixed aggregates block hydrophobic areas of lipase thereby preventing adsorption of lipase at the interface. A predominance of the surfactant in the composition will reduce its cost. The maximum of solubilizing capacity has sintanol DS-10 due to its highest HLB and the lowest CMC that leads to more micelles amount in solution and higher total hydrocarbon volume. The pitch solubilization in lipase solutions does not depend on enzyme concentration. The high pitch dissolving in synergistic mixture of sintanol DS-10 and lipase is observed. It is predetermines the usage of such systems for cellulose deresination.For citation:Smith R.A., Demyantseva E.Yu. Andranovich, O.S. Impact of lipase on micelle formation and solubilization abilities of non-ionic surfactants. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 6. P. 54-60
Hassasiyet Giderici Diş Macunlarının Farklı Restoratif Materyallerin Kron ve Kök Dentinine Bağlanma Kuvveti Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: YAMANEL Kıvanç , ARHUN Neslihan
Published: June 2018

Amaç: Bu
çalışmanın amacı, iki farklı hassasiyet giderici diş macununun kompozit rezin
ve cam iyonomer restoratif materyallerin kron ve kök dentinine makaslama
bağlanma dayanımları üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmektir.Gereç ve Yöntem: 108
adet insan üçüncü molar dişinin meziyal veya distal yüzeyleri zımpara yardımıyla
düzleştirildi. Örnekler aşağıdaki diş macunlarıyla fırçalanmak üzere rastgele 3
ana gruba ayrıldı (N=36): A Grubu: Sensodyne Rapid Relief; B Grubu: Colgate
Sensitive Pro-Relief; C Grubu: Colgate Total 12. Fırçalama
işlemi, bir fırçalama simülatöründe toplam 10 gün süreyle, günde 2 kez ve her
fırçalamada 10 fırça darbesi şeklinde gerçekleştirildi. Örnekler daha sonra
kron ve kök dentinine aşağıdaki adezyon protokollerinin uygulanması için üçer
alt gruba (n=12) ayrıldı. Grup 1: Clearfil SE Bond + Filtek
Z250 kompozit; Group2: Adper Single Bond2 + Filtek
Z250 kompozit; Group3: Riva cam iyonomer siman. Örnekler 24 saat süreyle
distile suda bekletildi. Makaslama bağlanma dayanımı testi üniversal test
cihazıyla gerçekleştirildi(kafa hızı 0.5 mm/s). Elde edilen veriler
istatistiksel olarak değerlendirildi.Bulgular:  Bütün restoratif teknikler
değerlendirildiğinde en düşük makaslama bağlanma dayanımı değerleri, Sensodyne
Rapid Relief kullanımından sonra elde edilmiştir. Riva cam iyonomer siman,
kompozit rezinden istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede düşük makaslama
bağlanma dayanımı değerleri sergilemiştir.Sonuç:Hassasiyet
giderici diş macunu kullanımı sonrası self etch sistemlerin kullanılması
adezyon açısından daha uygun olabilir.
Didaktik i integrativa lärarprofessionsämnen
Authors: Sjöström Jesper
Published: June 2018

Artikeln diskuterar vad ämnesdidaktik (på danska: fagdidaktik) är och kan vara och presenterar ett ramverk för didaktik i integrativa lärarprofessionsämnen. I de senare undervisas ämneskunskaper integrerat med kunskaper för lärarprofessionen, främst didaktik. Ramverket, som utvecklats med inspiration från Klafkis didaktiska analys, består av tio analysområden för att utveckla ämnesdidaktiken inom olika lärarprofessionsämnen. Analysområdena kan även användas som vägvisare för den ämnesdidaktiska forskningen, som är olika utvecklad inom olika ämnesområden. Aktiv didaktisk forskning är nödvändig för att åstadkomma forskningsbaserade lärarutbildningar. I slutet av artikeln presenteras några sammanfattande tankar kring professionsdidaktik för blivande lärare och vilka implikationer det får för lärarutbildarnas kompetensutvecklingsbehov. Abstract.The article discusses what subject-matter Didaktik is and could be and presents a framework for Didaktik in integrative teacher education subjects. In these, subject knowledge is taught together with knowledge for teacher professions, mainly Didaktik. The framework was developed with inspiration from Klafki’s Didaktik analysis. It consists of ten analytical areas for developing subject-matter Didaktik in different teacher education subjects. The analytical areas can also be used as guides for research in subject-matter Didaktik, which is developed to different degrees in different subject areas. Active research in Didaktik is necessary to achieve research-based teacher education. The article concludes by providing some ideas concerning the knowledge base of the teacher profession, including its consequences for teacher educators’ professional development.  Keywords (English): teacher education, integrative Didaktik, knowledge base for teacher professions, general subject-matter Didaktik, pedagogical praxis, didactical research
ISHODI UČENJA STUDENATA U KOLEGIJU O BORILAČKIM VJEŠTINAMA U DIPLOMSKIM PROGRAMIMA IZ SPORTSKOG MENADŽMENTA: PRIKAZ NAČINA RAZVOJA, PRILAGOĐAVANJA I PROCJENE ISHODA UČENJA U KOLEGIJIMA O BORILAČKIM VJEŠTINAMA
Authors: Crnogorac Branislav , Ohrberg Jonas , Zelihic Maja
Published: June 2018

Ishodi učenja kolegija iz borilačkih vještina koji su odgovarajući po sadržaju i prikladno razvijeni su osnova za jasne i relevantne kolegije iz sportskog menadžmenta u visokom obrazovanju. Razvoj ishoda učenja kolegija iz sportskog menadžmenta je strukturno određen i specifičan proces koji će poboljšati znanje studenta. Predloženi razvoj ishoda učenja kolegija iz sportskog menadžmenta ima uporište u 1) prepoznavanju određenih vještina i kompetencija u sportskom menadžmentu 2) sadržaju kolegija kojim se pruža podrška vještinama i kompetencijama 3) utvrđivanju stepena složenosti sadržaja kolegija iz sportskog menadžmenta na osnovu Bloomove taksonomije i aktivnih glagola, i 4) akademskoj saradnji kojom se osigurava relevantnost, tačnost i mjerljivost ishoda.
RAZLIKE U MOTORIČKIM SPOSOBNOSTIMA KOŠARKAŠA I FUDBALERA KADETSKE SELEKCIJE
Authors: Ćeremidžić Dejan
Published: June 2018

Ovo istraživanje sprovedeno je sa ciljem da se utvrdi trenutni nivomotoričkih sposobnosti košarkaša koji su selektovani u kadetsku reprezentaciju Bosne i Hercegovine i fudbalera kadetskog uzrasta Škole fudbala „Olimp“ iz Pala koji nastupaju u kantonalnoj ligi BiH, kao i razlike između dvije navedene grupe ispitanika. U istraživanju su obuhvaćeni košarkaši iz najboljih košarkaških klubova iz Republike Srpske i Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine. Ukupan uzorak ispitanika je 16 selekcionisanih košarkaša i 12 selekcionisanih fudbalera. Nakon statističke obrade podataka rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da postoje statistički značajne razlike u svim motoričkim sposobnostima između dvije grupe ispitanika.Rezultati kadetske košarkaške reprezentacije BiH su upoređeni sa kadetskom selekcijom OKK Zvezda i kadetima nižeg ranga takmičenja.Uporednom inspekcijom rezultata kadeta BiH sa selekcijom kombinovane kadetske i juniorske selekcije OKK Zvezda se utvrdilo da su rezultati na sličnom nivou tj. da se ne razlikuju, dok je razlika između kadeta BiH i kadeta nižeg ranga takmičenja statistički značajna.
POVEZANOST SITUACIONE EFIKASNOSTI U KOŠARCI SA PLASMANOM REPREZENACIJA UČESNICA NA EVROPSKOM PRVENSTVU 2017
Authors: Subotić Ljubomir , Ćeremidžić Dejan
Published: June 2018

Predmet ovog istraživanja su standardna situaciona obilježja košarkaških reprezentacija na Evropskom prvenstvu 2017.Na osnovu datog predmeta definisali smo i cilj ovog istraživanja da utvrdimo povezanost situacione efikasnosti u košarci sa ostvarenim plasmanom reprezentacija koje su učestvovale na Evropskom prvenstvu 2017 godine. Uzorak varijabli u ovom istraživanju obuhvata četrnaest varijabli za procjenu situacione efikasnosti u košarci koje je utvrdila Svjetska košarkaška federacija (FIBA). Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata došli smo do zaključaka da reprezentacije učesnice koje imaju bolji ukupni procenat šuta, procenat šuta za dva i tri poena, više ostvarenih skokova i više datih poena prosječno po utakmici u toku Evropskog prvenstva imaju bolji ostvareni plasman na navedenom turniru.
DOPUNSKE VJEŽBE ZA RAZVOJ MOTORIČKIH SPOSOBNOSTI MLADIH KARATISTA
Authors: Šarović Ognjen
Published: June 2018

Ispitivanje je sprovedeno na uzorku od 80 selekcionisanih kadetskih karate takmičara, decimalne dobi 14-15 godina, iz sljedećih karate klubova: KK „Omladinac“ iz Sokoca ,KK „Glasinac“ iz Sokoca, KK „Ilidža“, iz Istočne Ilidže, KK „Pale“ iz Pala, KK „Rogatica“ iz Rogatice, i KK „Sarajevo“ iz Sarajeva. Predmet ovog istraživanja odnosi na procjenu kvantitativnih i kvalitativnih promjena dimenzija motoričkih sposobnosti u toku tromjesečnog eksperimentalnog tretmana u glavnom dijelu karate treninga kod karatista mlađeg uzrasta. Osnovni cilj istraživanja je utvrđivanje uticaja dopunskih vežbi na razvoj bazično motoričkih sposobnosti segmentarne i sprinterske brzine kod ispitanika eksperimentalne grupe. Cjelokupni uzorak ispitanika bio je podjeljen na dva jednaka homogena subuzorka na slijedeci način: Prvi subuzorak sa 40 ispitanika činio je eksperimentalnu grupu. Tu su bili svrstani karatisti koji su u procesu realizacije redovnog karate treninga, u prvom dijelu treninga, realizovali vježbe iz planiranih programskih sadržaja redovnog treninga sa 60% vremena, dok je ostalih 40% vremena bilo rezervisno za realizaciju modela dopunskih vježbi na razvoj motoričkih sposobnosti karatista. Drugi subuzorak sa 40 ispitanika činio je kontrolnu grupu. Tu su bili svrstani karatisti koji su u procesu realizacije karate treninga, u glavnom dijelu treninga, realizovali vježbe utvrđene planom i programom redovnog treninga sa 100% vremena. Za procjenu bazičnih motoričkih sposobnosti primijenjen je skup od testova koji pokrivaju područje hipotetskih faktora za koje se može pretpostaviti da su odgovorni za realizaciju specifičnih kretnih struktura u karateu. Varijable koje su korišćene u istraživanju su: Segmentarna brzina (Taping rukom, Taping nogom, Taping nogama o zid); Sprinterska brzina (Trčanje na 20m visokim startom, Trčanje na 40m visokim startom, Trčanje na 60m visokim startom). Rezultati dobijeni ovim istraživanjem ukazuju na pozitivne uticaje eksperimentalnog tretmana, na osnovu statistički značajne razlike između inicijalnog i finalnog merenja kod eksperimentalne grupe. Značajan uticaj primjenjenog modela programa vježbi je vjerovatno nastao zbog pravilnog metodičkog oblikovanja eksperimentalnog programa dopunskih vježbi, adekvatnog doziranja intenziteta i obima opterećenja koji je bio prilagođen sposobnostima i osobinama ispitanika. Na osnovu provedenih statističkih analiza može se zaključiti da je programirani trening, sa glavnim i dopunskim vježbama, uticao na kvalitativne i kvantitativne promjene motoričkih sposobnosti djece karatista, u prostoru bazičnih motoričkih sposobnosti.
УТИЦАЈ РАЗЛИЧИТИХ ТЕМПЕРАТУРА СКЛАДИШТЕЊА НА АКТИВНОСТ ГЛУТАТИОН ПЕРОКСИДАЗА ЕРИТРОЦИТА И ПЛАЗМЕ ОВАЦА
Authors: БОШЊАКОВИЋ Душан , ПЕТРОВИЋ Александра , ВАЛЧИЋ Оливера , ЈОВАНОВИЋ Иван , МИЛАНОВИЋ Светлана
Published: June 2018

Циљ рада је био да се утврди стабилност активности глутатионпероксидаза 1 и 3 током складиштења на температури +4 0C и -180C. Крв је узетаод осам оваца, а активност ензима је одређивана у плазми (GPx3) и еритроцити-ма (GPx1) првог, трећег, петог и седмог дана у узорцима чуваним на +4 0C и на-кон једног и три месеца у узорцима чуваним на -180C. Активност GPx3 је токомскладиштења на овим температурама статистички значајно опала док је актив-ност GPx1 остала иста након три месеца чувања на температури -180C. Резултатиовог рада указују на то да се GPx3 мора одређивати у свежим узорцима плазмеоваца, док се активност GPx1 еритроцита оваца може одређивати и након 3 ме-сеца чувања на температури -180C.
ZNAČAJ TRITIKALEA U ISHRANI ŽIVOTINJA
Authors: GLAMOČLIJA Nataša , STARČEVIĆ Marija , ĆIRIĆ Jelena , ŠEFER Dragan , GLIŠIĆ Milica , BALTIĆ Milan , MARKOVIĆ Radmila , SPASIĆ Marija , GLAMOČLIJA Đorđe
Published: June 2018

Žita su sa agronomskog i privrednog značaja najvažnija gruparatarskih biljaka. Tritikale je savremeno žito, odnosno hibrid dobijen ukrštanjempšenice i raži, s tim što je nasledio sposobnost raži da preživi jake mrazeve, ali imaveću proteinsku vrednost, dok je veći prinos zrna i povećanu tolerantnost na ražanuglavnicu nasledio od pšenice. Na koji će se način koristiti tritikale zavisi od osobinasorte. Sorte krupnog i ujednačenog zrna sa povećanim sadržajem ukupnih proteina uodnosu na skrob i koje su po hemijskom sastavu bliže pšenici, koriste se za pripremukoncentrovane stočne hrane, kako za živinu, tako i za nepreživare i preživare. Sortekoje obrazuju veliku biomasu, slično raži, služe za spremanje voluminozne stočnehrane kao sveže ili silaže, senaže i sena. Hranljiva vrednost zrna tritikalea je na nivoupšeničnog, s tim što ima nešto više aminokiseline lizina. U pogledu zastupljenostiesencijalnih aminokiselina, pojedinih minerala i vitamina, zrno tritikalea možezadovoljiti značajan deo potreba domaćih i gajenih životinja. Tritikale, kao i ostalazrnasta hraniva, standardni su deo obroka za ishranu domaćih i gajenih životinja,posebno u većem procentu kada je životinjama potrebno više energije. U zavisnostiod vrste domaće životinje kao i tipa obroka, tritikale može činiti njegov značajanprocenat. Prednost tritikalea nad drugim pravim žitima je taj što ima veći prinos,brži prolećni porast i mogućnost dužeg roka kosidbe za zelenu stočnu hranu jerogrubi kasnije nego npr., raž ili ovas. Zbog navedenih prednosti tritikale je pogodanza setvu, posebno u zemljama u razvoju.
ANALIZA EFEKATA SPROVEDE DEZINFEKCIJE POVRŠINA I OPREME U RAZLIČITIM PROIZVODNIM CELINAMA NA FAZANERIJI PRIMENOM RASTVORA NA BAZI PERSIRĆETNE KISELINE I FORMALDEHIDA
Authors: ĐORĐEVIĆ Milutin , PEŠIĆ Branislav , RADENKOVIĆ DAMNJANOVIĆ Brana , JANKOVIĆ Ljiljana , TEODOROVIĆ Radislava , DESPOT Dragana
Published: June 2018

Fazanerije predstavljaju proizvodne objekte poluzatvorenog tipa sanekoliko proizvodnih celina koje su ciklično povezane i u kojima se gaje jedinkerazličitih starosnih kategorija. Proizvodne celine čine volijera za matično jato,prostorija za skladištenje jaja, inkubatorska stanica, prostorije za odgoj mladih fazanai volijere sa ispustima gde se vrši odgoj fazana do momenta ispuštanja u lovište. Vodećiračuna o prethodno navedenom, a u cilju postizanja dobrih proizvodnih rezultata,sa dobijanjem jedinki dobrog zdravstvenog statusa, za uspešnu farmsku proizvodnjufazanske divljači, neophodno je kontinuirano sprovođenje biosigurnosnih mera usvim fazama tehnološkog postupka proizvodnje. Jedna od ključnih biosigurnosnihmera, koja se mora kontinuirano sprovoditi u farmskim objektima, jeste dezinfekcija.U radu je praćen efekat sprovedene dezinfekcije u različitim fazama proizvodnje, narazličitim površinama, primenom rastvora preparata na bazi persirćetne kiseline ipara formaldehida. Praćenjem mikrobiološkog statusa površina u okviru proizvodnihcelina ustanovljena je redukcija ukupnog broja bakterija, gljivica i plesni u manjemili većem obimu u zavisnosti od mesta uzorkovanja i vrste proizvodne celine.
Evolutionary-rooted models for denial of pregnancy, concealment of pregnancy and pseudocyesis
Authors: Sandoz Patrick , Wessel Jens
Published: June 2018

Women in denial of pregnancy remain unaware of their gravid state. Typically women in labor present to emergency units while attributing their pain to unrelated causes. In higher risk cases, women experience unassisted delivery in a non-hospital setting. In concealment of pregnancy, the woman knows about her pregnancy but keeps it secret for diverse reasons. This induces also a lack of prenatal care and increased perinatal risks for mother and child. Such cases are very challenging to clinicians because of increased medical risk and psychological needs. Better understanding of these psychosomatic disorders is necessary to address the public-health issues raised.

In regard to denial and concealment of pregnancy, in which a pregnant woman thinks or says she is not pregnant, pseudocyesis corresponds to the opposite configuration in which a non-pregnant woman believes, claims and presents objective signs to be pregnant. Pseudocyesis takes therefore place in the same psychosomatic issue to be addressed. This paper aims to explain satisfactorily these psychosomatic disorders of gravida status.

We consider human reproduction in regard to evolution with emphasis on the various forms of parenting existing among sexually reproducing species. This evolutionary study highlights that for some pregnant women, the forthcoming maternal status may be internally appraised as psychologically-unacceptable because of diverse personalized causes. The ongoing pregnancy enters then into conflict with the intense fears triggered by the promise of motherhood. From this perspective, denial and concealment of pregnancy are satisfactorily explained as transitory means to cope with such an internal conflict by pursuing pregnancy while containing associated fears. In the absence of conflict resolution, the avoidance means is protracted over time, sometimes until an unexpected delivery.

Conversely, pseudocyesis is explained as an attempt to obtain a psychologically-indispensable maternal status in the absence of actual pregnancy. Specific conflict formulations are elucidated for each type of psychosomatic disorder of gravida status considered. These formulations, related to subjective internal appraisals, comply with the huge diversity of causative events reported in literature and specific to each woman concerned.

These explanations will help clinicians in caring those high-demanding patients and in exploring individualized causative events of such challenging experiences.
BMP and FGF signaling interact to pattern mesoderm by controlling basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor activity
Authors: Row Richard H , Pegg Amy , Kinney Brian A , Farr Gist H , Maves Lisa , Lowell Sally , Wilson Valerie , Martin Benjamin L
Published: June 2018

The mesodermal germ layer is patterned into mediolateral subtypes by signaling factors including BMP and FGF. How these pathways are integrated to induce specific mediolateral cell fates is not well understood. We used mesoderm derived from post-gastrulation neuromesodermal progenitors (NMPs), which undergo a binary mediolateral patterning decision, as a simplified model to understand how FGF acts together with BMP to impart mediolateral fate. Using zebrafish and mouse NMPs, we identify an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of BMP and FGF-mediated mediolateral mesodermal patterning that occurs through modulation of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor activity. BMP imparts lateral fate through induction of Id helix loop helix (HLH) proteins, which antagonize bHLH transcription factors, induced by FGF signaling, that specify medial fate. We extend our analysis of zebrafish development to show that bHLH activity is responsible for the mediolateral patterning of the entire mesodermal germ layer.
Comparative description and ossification patterns ofDendropsophus labialis(Peters, 1863) andScinax ruber(Laurenti, 1758) (Anura: Hylidae)
Authors: Arenas-Rodríguez Angélica , Rubiano Vargas Juan Francisco , Hoyos Julio Mario
Published: June 2018

Although comparative studies of anuran ontogeny have provided new data on heterochrony in the life cycles of frogs, most of them have not included ossification sequences. Using differential staining techniques, we observe and describe differences and similarities of cranial and postcranial development in two hylid species,Scinax ruber(Scinaxinae) andDendropsophus labialis(Hylinae), providing new data of ontogenetic studies in these Colombian species. We examined tadpoles raining from Gosner Stages 25 to 45. We found differences between species in the infrarostral and suprarostral cartilages, optic foramen, planum ethmoidale, and gill apparatus. In both species, the first elements to ossify were the atlas and transverse processes of the vertebral column and the parasphenoid. Both species exhibited suprascapular processes as described in other hylids. Although the hylids comprise a large group (over 700 species), postcranial ossification sequence is only known for 15 species. Therefore, the descriptions of the skeletal development and ossification sequences provided herein will be useful for future analyses of heterochrony in the group.
Restriction digest screening facilitates efficient detection of site-directed mutations introduced by CRISPR inC. albicans UME6
Authors: Evans Ben A. , Smith Olivia L. , Pickerill Ethan S. , York Mary K. , Buenconsejo Kristen J.P. , Chambers Antonio E. , Bernstein Douglas A.
Published: June 2018

Introduction of point mutations to a gene of interest is a powerful tool when determining protein function. CRISPR-mediated genome editing allows for more efficient transfer of a desired mutation into a wide range of model organisms. Traditionally, PCR amplification and DNA sequencing is used to determine if isolates contain the intended mutation. However, mutation efficiency is highly variable, potentially making sequencing costly and time consuming. To more efficiently screen for correct transformants, we have identified restriction enzymes sites that encode for two identical amino acids or one or two stop codons. We used CRISPR to introduce these restriction sites directly upstream of theCandida albicans UME6Zn2+-binding domain, a known regulator ofC. albicansfilamentation. While repair templates coding for different restriction sites were not equally successful at introducing mutations, restriction digest screening enabled us to rapidly identify isolates with the intended mutation in a cost-efficient manner. In addition, mutated isolates have clear defects in filamentation and virulence compared to wild typeC. albicans. Our data suggest restriction digestion screening efficiently identifies point mutations introduced by CRISPR and streamlines the process of identifying residues important for a phenotype of interest.
El ciberespacio: presupuestos para su ordenación juridico-internacional
Authors: Robles Carrillo Margarita
Published: June 2018

El ciberespacio es un ámbito en el que el avance y el desarrollo tecnológicos, imparables en su velocidad y en su impacto, contrastan con una situación de relativo impasse desde el punto de vista jurídico. El derecho se ha ocupado de su regulación mediante una aproximación sectorial, coyuntural y fragmentaria que difícilmente puede cubrir sus necesidades de normación. El aumento de la criminalidad y de la conflictividad cibernética constituye una prueba evidente y constante de las carencias de esa regulación.La ordenación jurídica del ciberespacio requiere un planteamiento global y coherente sobre la base de un análisis previo de esta realidad y de los condicionantes y presupuestos que impone y que la diferencian de otros espacios sujetos a regulación. La amenaza cibernética supone un cambio de paradigma porque es diferente, completamente deslocalizada, insuficientemente apreciada y de naturaleza estructural. La conflictividad ciberespacial se manifiesta, asimismo, de un modo singular en la cibercriminalidad, el ciberespionaje, el ciberterrorismo y la ciberguerra, diferenciándose de sus homólogas no virtuales y difuminándose los límites entre esas diversas categorías. El ciberespacio impone, también, la necesidad de abordar ciertos cambios en los modelos de organización interna e internacional.
El sistema comercial internacional: Reflexiones a partir del Congreso de Viena
Authors: Tijmes Ihl Jaime Andrés
Published: June 2018

Esta reflexión plantea un diálogo entre el Congreso de Viena y el escenario que enfrenta actualmente el sistema comercial internacional.  El Congreso se nutrió de una visión común sobre la situación y los desafíos de esa época.  Esos valores compartidos fueron uno de los factores que reforzaron los resultados positivos del Congreso.  Por su parte, el sistema comercial actual está enfrentando una situación en la que los valores compartidos respecto del libre comercio parecen estarse debilitando, lo que plantea la pregunta por las consecuencias que eso tendrá.
Modelagem matemática do fluxo de emergência de plantas daninhas: ferramenta para decisão no manejo de cultivos
Authors: Zandoná Renan Ricardo , Agostinetto Dirceu , Ruchel Queli
Published: June 2018

O surgimento de biótipos de plantas daninhas resistentes a herbicida e o aumento da pressão social para reduzir sua utilização, criou a necessidade de desenvolver ferramentas para aperfeiçoar a aplicação de herbicidas e melhorar o controle de plantas daninhas. Desta forma, o desenvolvimento de modelos de emergência de plantas daninhas tornou-se crucial para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de gerenciamento em áreas agrícolas. Esta revisão tem por objetivo apresentar os fatores que influenciam o fluxo de emergência de plantas daninhas, os principais modelos utilizados, os procedimentos da modelagem e os impactos práticos de sua utilização no manejo. O fluxo de emergência das plantas daninhas correlaciona-se diretamente com padrões de resposta das sementes à interferência dos fatores ambientais e práticas culturais. Os modelos de emergência empíricos e mecanicistas desenvolvidos permitem prever a emergência de plantas daninhas em diferentes anos e regiões geográficas, baseados em condições climáticas e ecofisiológicas. Os modelos mecanicistas são mais complexos e permitem a melhor compreensão sobre a emergência de plantas daninhas, enquanto modelos empíricos apresentam a simplicidade e a flexibilidade necessária para a tomada de decisão de controle. O conhecimento do fluxo de emergência de plantas daninhas permite desenvolver estratégias de manejo que proporcionam maior habilidade competitiva à cultura e, em decorrência, menores perdas de produtividade; bem como a seleção de medidas de controle que diminuam a utilização de herbicidas, a contaminação ambiental e aprimorem as tecnologias utilizadas na agricultura.
Dosing optimization of CCR4 immunotoxin for improved depletion of CCR4+ Treg in nonhuman primates
Authors: Wang Zhaohui , Louras Nathan J. , Lellouch Alexandre G. , Pratts Shannon G. , Zhang Huiping , Wang Haoyu , Huang Christene A. , Cetrulo Curtis L. , Madsen Joren C. , Sachs David H. , Wang Zhirui
Published: June 2018

Recently, we have developed a diphtheria toxin‐based recombinant anti‐human CCR4 immunotoxin for targeting CCR4+ tumors and Tregs. In this study, we further optimized the dosing schedule for improved CCR4+ Treg depletion. We have demonstrated that up to a 90% depletion was achieved and the depletion extended to approximately 2 weeks in the peripheral blood and more than 48 days in the lymph node at 25 μg·kg−1, BID for 8 consecutive days in cynomolgus monkeys. Expansion was observed including monocytes and NK cells. Antibody against the CCR4 immunotoxin was detected after approximately 2 weeks, affecting further depletion efficacy for multiple course treatment.
Acidic mammalian chitinase gene is highly expressed in the special oxyntic glands of Manis javanica
Authors: Ma Jing‐E , Li Lin‐Miao , Jiang Hai‐Ying , Zhang Xiu‐Juan , Li Juan , Li Guan‐Yu , Chen Jin‐Ping
Published: June 2018

The Malayan pangolin (Manis javanica) is a mammal that feeds primarily on ants and termites, which contain the energy‐rich carbohydrate chitin. Chitin is digestible by endogenous enzymes of the typical mammalian gastrointestinal tract, especially the acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase). The objective of this research was to determine whether AMCase activity is expressed in the stomach of M. javanica. The stomach tissues were divided into three parts: the gastric sack, the oxyntic glands, and the pyloric musculature, which were assayed by conventional RT‐PCR, quantitative reverse transcriptase‐coupled PCR (qPCR) and western blot. Information regarding 3D structural models of AMCase was also obtained. In conclusion, acidic mammalian chitinase is highly expressed in the oxyntic glands of the M. javanica species.
Real‐time high spatial resolution dose verification in stereotactic motion adaptive arc radiotherapy
Authors: Duncan Mitchell , Newall Matthew K. , Caillet Vincent , Booth Jeremy T. , Keall Paul J. , Lerch Michael , Perevertaylo Vladimir , Rosenfeld Anatoly B. , Petasecca Marco
Published: June 2018

Purpose

Radiation treatments delivered with real‐time multileaf collimator (MLC) tracking currently lack fast pretreatment or real‐time quality assurance. The purpose of this study is to test a 2D silicon detector, MagicPlate‐512 (MP512), in a complex clinical environment involving real‐time reconfiguration of the MLC leaves during target tracking.

Methods

MP512 was placed in the center of a solid water phantom and mounted on a motion platform used to simulate three different patient motions. Electromagnetic target tracking was implemented using the Calypso system (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA) and an MLC tracking software. A two‐arc VMAT plan was delivered and 2D dose distributions were reconstructed by MP512, EBT3 film, and the Eclipse treatment planning system (TPS). Dose maps were compared using gamma analysis with 2%/2 mm and 3%/3 mm acceptance criteria. Dose profiles were generated in sup‐inf and lateral directions to show the agreement of MP512 to EBT3 and to highlight the efficacy of the MLC tracking system in mitigating the effect of the simulated patient motion.

Results

Using a 3%/3 mm acceptance criterion for 2D gamma analysis, MP512 to EBT3 film agreement was 99% and MP512 to TPS agreement was 100%. For a 2%/2 mm criterion, the agreement was 95% and 98%, respectively. Full width at half maximum and 80%/20% penumbral width of the MP512 and EBT3 dose profiles agreed within 1 mm and 0.5 mm, respectively. Patient motion increased the measured dose profile penumbral width by nearly 2 mm (with respect to the no‐motion case); however, the MLC tracking strategy was able to mitigate 80% of this effect.

Conclusions

MP512 is capable of high spatial resolution 2D dose reconstruction during adaptive MLC tracking, including arc deliveries. It shows potential as an effective tool for 2D small field dosimetry and pretreatment quality assurance for MLC tracking modalities. These results provide confidence that detector‐based pretreatment dosimetry is clinically feasible despite fast real‐time MLC reconfigurations.
Micrometer‐Scale Porous Buckling Shell Actuators Based on Liquid Crystal Networks
Authors: Jampani Venkata Subba Rao , Mulder Dirk J. , De Sousa Kevin Reguengo , Gélébart Anne‐Hélène , Lagerwall Jan P. F. , Schenning Albertus P. H. J.
Published: June 2018

Micrometer‐scale liquid crystal network (LCN) actuators have potential for application areas like biomedical systems, soft robotics, and microfluidics. To fully harness their power, a diversification in production methods is called for, targeting unconventional shapes and complex actuation modes. Crucial for controlling LCN actuation is the combination of macroscopic shape and molecular‐scale alignment in the ground state, the latter becoming particularly challenging when the desired shape is more complex than a flat sheet. Here, one‐step processing of an LCN precursor material in a glass capillary microfluidic set‐up to mold it into thin shells is used, which are stretched by osmosis to reach a diameter of a few hundred micrometers and thickness on the order of a micrometer, before they are UV crosslinked into an LCN. The shells exhibit radial alignment of the director field and the surface is porous, with pore size that is tunable via the osmosis time. The LCN shells actuate reversibly upon heating and cooling. The decrease in order parameter upon heating induces a reduction in thickness and expansion of surface area of the shells that triggers continuous buckling in multiple locations. Such buckling porous shells are interesting as soft cargo carriers with capacity for autonomous cargo release.
Fully Elastic and Metal‐Free Tactile Sensors for Detecting both Normal and Tangential Forces Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Ren Zewei , Nie Jinhui , Shao Jiajia , Lai Qingsong , Wang Longfei , Chen Jian , Chen Xiangyu , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: June 2018

A tactile sensor should be able to detect both normal and tangential forces, which is mandatory for simulating human hands, but this fundamental function has been overlooked by most of the previous studies. Here, based on a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) with single‐electrode mode, the fully elastic and metal‐free tactile sensor that can detect both normal and tangential forces is proposed. With tiny burr arrays on the contact interface to facilitate the elastic deformation, the detected normal pressure by the device can reach to 1.5 MPa with a sensitivity of about 51.43 kPa V−1, and a large range of tangential forces can be detected ranging from 0.5 to 40 N with rough sensitivity of 0.83 N V−1 (0.5–3 N) and 2.50 N V−1 (3–40 N). Meanwhile, the applied tangential forces from different directions can also be clearly distinguished by the four‐partitioned electrode structure. Moreover, a shield film is coated on the top surface of the device, which can screen the electrostatic interference and enhance the repeatability of the device. The demonstrated concept of this self‐powered tactile sensor has excellent applicability for industrial robotics, human–machine interactions, artificial intelligence, etc.
Realization of Molecular‐Based Transistors
Authors: Richter Shachar , Mentovich Elad , Elnathan Roey
Published: June 2018

Molecular‐based devices are widely considered as significant candidates to play a role in the next generation of “post‐complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor” devices. In this context, molecular‐based transistors: molecular junctions that can be electrically gated—are of particular interest as they allow new modes of operation. The properties of molecular transistors composed of a single‐ or multimolecule assemblies, focusing on their practicality as real‐world devices, concerning industry demands and its roadmap are compared. Also, the capability of the gate electrode to modulate the molecular transistor characteristics efficiently is addressed, showing that electrical gating can be easily facilitated in single molecular transistors and that gating of transistor composed of molecular assemblies is possible if the device is formed vertically. It is concluded that while the single‐molecular transistor exhibits better performance on the lab‐scale, its realization faces signifacant challenges when compared to those faced by transistors composed of a multimolecule assembly.
Site‐Specific Labeling of Affimers for DNA‐PAINT Microscopy
Authors: Schlichthaerle Thomas , Eklund Alexandra S. , Schueder Florian , Strauss Maximilian T. , Tiede Christian , Curd Alistair , Ries Jonas , Peckham Michelle , Tomlinson Darren C. , Jungmann Ralf
Published: June 2018

Optical super‐resolution techniques allow fluorescence imaging below the classical diffraction limit of light. From a technology standpoint, recent methods are approaching molecular‐scale spatial resolution. However, this remarkable achievement is not easily translated to imaging of cellular components, since current labeling approaches are limited by either large label sizes (antibodies) or the sparse availability of small and efficient binders (nanobodies, aptamers, genetically‐encoded tags). In this work, we combined recently developed Affimer reagents with site‐specific DNA modification for high‐efficiency labeling and imaging using DNA‐PAINT. We assayed our approach using an actin Affimer. The small DNA‐conjugated affinity binders could provide a solution for efficient multitarget super‐resolution imaging in the future.
Synthesis of a Cocoa Butter Equivalent by Enzymatic Interesterification of Illipe Butter and Palm Midfraction
Authors: Bahari Adiguna , Akoh Casimir C.
Published: June 2018

This study aims to synthesize a cocoa butter equivalent (CBE)‐structured lipid from a blend of illipe butter (IB) and palm midfraction (PMF) by means of enzymatic interesterification using Rhizomucor miehei sn‐1,3 specific lipase, Lipozyme® RM IM (Novozymes North America, Inc., Franklinton, NC, USA) as the biocatalyst. Physical and chemical attributes of the CBE and cocoa butter (CB) were analyzed. The synthesized CBE matched the triacylglycerol (TAG) profile range of a commercial CB and is therefore hypothesized to show similar physical and chemical characteristics to CB. The TAG profile, fatty‐acid constituents, melting and cooling behavior, polymorphism, and crystal morphology were determined using high‐performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and polarized light microscopy, respectively. Four enzymatically interesterified blends of IB:PMF at different weight ratios were analyzed for their TAG profiles, and a ratio of IB:PMF 10:3 (%, w/w) at 5% enzyme load and a reaction time of 30 min gave similar TAG results to CB. The TAG values of the IB:PMF 10:3 interesterified product (IP) were 1,3‐dipalmitoyl‐2‐oleoylglycerol at 19.1 ± 1.0%, 1‐palmitoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐3‐stearoylglycerol at 42.7 ± 1.0%, and 1,3‐distearoyl‐2‐oleoylglycerol at 29.9 ± 0.3%. The melting and the cooling profile of IP and CB showed no significant difference. XRD of IP and CB displayed similar dominant peaks at 4.6 Å, representing a β polymorph. Both CB and IP have similar granular spherulitic crystals.
Metaheuristic‐based approach for state and process parameter prediction using hybrid grey wolf optimization
Authors: Sankaranarayanan S. , Sivakumaran N. , Radhakrishnan T.K. , Swaminathan G.
Published: June 2018

Metaheuristic‐based optimization algorithms can be used to solve the complexities in estimating the parameters and states of a complex nonlinear process. In this work, a hybridized version of grey wolf optimizer is employed to solve the intricacies of a complex linear process using hybrid grey wolf optimization. The proposed algorithm is executed simultaneously in 2 steps: (a) predicting the parameters and states using grey wolf optimizer and (b) updating the predicted parameters using static modified Kalman–Bucy mechanism. The significance of the hybridization is that it improves the convergence rate towards an optimal solution and explores global optimum effectively over a complex search space. The performance of the proposed algorithm is tested through 10 typical benchmark functions and is compared with the parent algorithm, grey wolf optimizer, and conventional particle swarm optimization. Furthermore, the findings of the hybrid grey wolf optimization are compared with the outcomes of the conventional algorithms to establish the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid grey wolf optimization in process parameter estimation.
Selective Hydrosilylation of Alkynes with Octaspherosilicate (HSiMe2O)8Si8O12
Authors: Stefanowska Kinga , Franczyk Adrian , Szyling Jakub , Pyziak Mikołaj , Pawluć Piotr , Walkowiak Jędrzej
Published: June 2018

Comprehensive studies on platinum‐catalyzed hydrosilylation of a wide range of terminal and internal alkynes with spherosilicate (HSiMe2O)8Si8O12 (1 a) were performed. The influence of the reaction parameters and the types of reagents and catalysts on the efficiency of the process, which enabled the creation of a versatile and selective method to synthesize olefin octafunctionalized octaspherosilicates, was studied in detail. Within this work, twenty novel 1,2‐(E)‐disubstituted and 1,1,2‐(E)‐trisubstituted alkenyl‐octaspherosilicates (3 a–m, 6 n–t) were selectively obtained with high yields, and fully characterized (1H, 13C, 29Si NMR, FTIR, MALDI TOF or TOF MS ES+ analysis). Moreover, the molecular structure of the compound (Me3Si(H)C=C(H)SiMe2O)8Si8O12 (3 a) was determined by X‐ray crystallography for the first time. The developed procedures are the first that allow selective hydrosilylation of terminal silyl, germyl, aryl, and alkyl alkynes with 1 a, as well as the direct introduction of sixteen functional groups into the 1 a structure by the hydrosilylation of internal alkynes. This method constituted a powerful tool for the synthesis of hyperbranched compounds with a Si−O based cubic core. The resulting products, owing to their unique structure and physicochemical properties, are considered novel, multifunctional, hybrid, and nanometric building blocks, intended for the synthesis of star‐shaped molecules or macromolecules, as well as nanofillers and polymer modifiers. In the presented syntheses, commercially available reagents and catalysts were used, so these methods can be easily repeated, rapidly scaled up, and widely applied.
The Clitoral Infrafrenulum Fascial Bundle: The Anatomy and Histology
Authors: Ostrzenski Adam
Published: June 2018

To determine whether the clitoral infrafrenulum layer exists. This descriptive observational study was conducted using 15 fresh human female cadavers. Macro and micro stratum‐by‐stratum anatomical dissections of the clitoral frenulum were performed bilaterally. Target tissue biopsies were obtained for microscopic examination and the specimens were stained with eosin and hematoxylin. The skin folds with erectile tissue between them create the superficial stratum of the clitoral frenulum. The inferior edge of the skin fold is firmly fused with the superficial infrafrenulum fascial bundle, which creates the deep stratum. Histological examination confirmed that the clitoral frenulum comprises two layers: 1) the superficial stratum consists of the dermis, sub‐dermis with cutis appendages (sebaceous and apocrine glands) and the squamous mucosa with erectile tissue between the skin folds; 2) the infrafrenulum fascia bundle consists of fibro‐connective‐adipose tissue with intermittent layers of adipose cells and fibrous bands. The clitoral infrafrenulum fascial bundle exists and creates the deep stratum of the clitoral frenulum. Histologically, the clitoral frenulum consists of two layers, the superficial and deep strata. Both strata form the clitoral frenulum stabilizing mechanism. This anatomical discovery has potential for immediate clinical implementation. Clin. Anat. 31:907–912, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Successful systemic thrombolytic therapy for massive pulmonary embolism in a patient with breast cancer, brain metastasis, and thrombocytopenia: A case report
Authors: Alirezaei Toktam , Hajimoradi Behzad , Pishgahi Mehdi , Nekooghadam Seyyed Mojtaba , Golmohamadi Mohamad
Published: June 2018

Key Clinical Message

A female with massive PTE and absolute contraindication for thrombolytic did not meet guidelines due to unavailability of catheter or surgical embolectomy and giving thrombolytic as a last resort to save a life. In such cases, physicians should consider to act outside of the guidelines to save a life.
Some data about geotechnical engineering in the Republic of Macedonia
Authors: JOVANOVSKI Milorad , PAPIĆ Jovan Br. , SHESHOV Vlatko , VITANOV Vasil , TALAGANOV Kosta
Published: June 2018

The long tradition of Danube‐European conferences obliges the geotechnical society to show highest respect to historical facts, as essential basis for further development. Having in mind that XVI Danube‐European Conference on Geotechnical Engineering (DECGE) is held in Skopje, it is good occasion to present some historical data connected with development of geotechnics in R. Macedonia (RM) to larger scientific community. Facts about teaching tradition, first‐time‐ever application of testing methods and some rare phenomenon – part of world geological heritage, are underlined. The authors also note details about present state of geotechnics in RM. Knowing that geotechnical hazards and risks are never confined with state borders, it is underlined that closer cooperation between experts in geotechnical family is necessary. The idea is to insure applicable engineering politics along Danube catchment area and wider, which confirms that the vision of Austrian Society of Engineers and Architects from the First DECGE to bring together geotechnical engineers is still – vital.