bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study of Compression Properties of Paper Towels with KES-F System
Authors: Kan Chi Wai , Leung Maggie Hoi Man , Mongkholrattanasit Rattanaphol
Published: July 2016

In this study, we chose 12 commonly available paper towels from the local market. The compression properties of the paper towels were examined by Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabric (KES-F). Three compression properties namely: (i) compressional linearity (LC), (ii) compression energy (WC) and (iii) compressional resilience (RC) were examined. The experimental results revealed that the compression properties varied within the different paper towels. RC vlaue was used as the key property for discussing the compression properties of paper towels. When different compression properties were correlated and analysed, it was found that no relationship was noted within different compression properties. On the other hand, there was not significant statistically relationship between weight and thickness to RC. It is hope that the results from this study can help the indurstry to improve the compression properties of paper towels for local market.
Effect of Carburizing on Microstructure and Weldability of 35Cr-45Ni-Nb Alloys in the Ethylene Heating Furnace
Authors: Singhatham Chokchai , Eidhed Krittee
Published: July 2016

This paper presents the effect of carburizing phenomena on the microstructure and weldability of tube coils in the ethylene heating furnace. A tube coil material was used the Ni-base alloy grade 35Cr-45Ni-Nb. The specimens obtained from three different height levels of carburized tube were tested. The results from the SEM-EDS and microstructure analyses show that the carbon was concentrated in carburized tube and deposited in the solid solution and chromium carbide compound. The prediction of new weldability in the carburized tube with Nieq/Creq ratio can be used for welding repair in petrochemical industry.
Ophapasai: Augmentative and Alternative Communication Based on Video-Oculography Control Interface
Authors: Janthanasub Veerawan
Published: July 2016

This paper presents a system of assistive technology based on video-oculography (VOG) control interfaces, namely “Ophapasai”. The system designed specifically for disabled people communicate with the people that surround them. The primary method of this system consists of a selection of pictogram buttons within the circular menu-augment on the screen, which used an inexpensive video-oculography device. The results indicate that Ophapasai was used to support a number of communication functions (100%). Furthermore, we also conducted an evaluation of performance for pointing video-oculography device with three participants of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The evaluation used throughput of standards for computer pointing devices as measurement of user performance in a multi-direction point and select task which found, participants can pointing and selection their overall mean throughput was 2.02 bits/s.
Investigation of Fringe Pattern Distribution in Circular Disk by Reflection Polariscope Technique
Authors: Manjit Yongyut , Sukprasong Saksit , Limpichaipanit Apichart , Ngamjarurojana Athipong
Published: July 2016

In this study, the fringe pattern distribution of various loads on circular disk of homogeneous acrylic in different thicknesses by using reflection polariscope technique was carried out. The load was pressed at the top and the bottom to produce the fringe patterns, which were recorded by digital camera. Then the results were analyzed. The number of isochromatic fringe pattern depends on the magnitude of force acting on the circular disk and these relation is linearly. The application of these research is used to predict stress distribution on the transparent material in the case of different dimension of the circular disk shape.
Improvement of Efficiency of Polymer-Zinc Oxide Hybrid Solar Cells Prepared by Rapid Convective Deposition
Authors: Chonsut Teantong , Pratontep Sirapat , Keawprajak Anusit , Kumnorkaew Pisist , Kayunkid Navaphun
Published: July 2016

The aim of this research is to study improvement of power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic-inorganic hybrid bulk heterostructure solar cell prepared by rapid convective deposition as a function of concentration of zinc oxide additive. The structure of hybrid solar cell used in this research is ITO/ZnO/P3HT:PC70BM:ZnO(nanoparticles)/MoO3/Au. By adding 5 mg/ml of ZnO nanoparticles in the active layer (P3HT:PC70BM), the PCE was increased from 0.46 to 1.09%. In order to reveal the origin of improving efficiency, surface morphology and optical properties of active layers were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV-Visible spectroscopy, respectively. The results clearly indicate that the enhancement of solar cell efficiency results from (i) the proper phase sepharation of electron donor and acceptor in the active layer and (ii) the better absorption of the active layer. This research work introduces an alternative way to improve solar cell efficiency by adding ZnO into active layer.
Study of Optical and Electrical Properties of Tin-Doped Magnesium Phthalocyanine Thin Films Grown by Thermal Co-Evaporation
Authors: Mano Kitipong , Tammarugwattana Narin , Kayunkid Navaphun , Rangkasikorn Adirek , Nukeaw Jiti
Published: July 2016

The aim of this work is to investigate specific properties of tin-doped magnesium phthalocyanine (Sn-doped MgPc) thin films grown by thermal co-evaporation. Morphological, optical and chemical properties of the doped-films were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV-Visible spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Furthermore, electrical properties of ITO/Sn-doped-MgPc/Al devices such as carrier mobility and carrier concentration were extracted from current-voltage and capacitance-voltage measurements. Morphology of the doped films shows strong dependence on the existence of Sn in the doped films as clearly observed by changing of features of the film surface e.g. surface grain size and roughness. Optical absorption spectra of all conditions provide regular three dominant beta-phase peaks at 352, 640 and 691 nm corresponding to absorption from B-band and Q-band, respectively. The electrical properties obtained from ITO/Sn-doped MgPc/Al device suggest that the enhancement of the current flow in the doped device is a result from the increase of both carrier mobility and carrier concentration. Moreover, photoelectron analysis reveals two formations of Sn dopant in MgPc those are tin metal and derivative of tin oxide.
Antioxidant and Nutrition Facts of Pittosporoposis kerrii Craib
Authors: Chaichana Natthiya
Published: July 2016

Pittosporoposis kerrii Craib is the consumed plant of Maechaedee Subdistrict, Wiang Pa Pao District, Chiang Rai Province. The area of survey is households that plant P. kerrii Craib for consuming and selling with the highest number of 200 trees per household. Therefore, this plant is increasingly interested in evaluation of the useful consumption. The purpose of this study was to investigate antioxidant and nutrition facts of P. kerrii Craib. For nutrition facts per 100 g dry weight, the result revealed that P. kerrii Craib seed extraction contained 2.70 g of protein, 37.79 g of carbohydrate, 1.83 g of lipid, 1.36 g of crude fiber, 1.20 g of ash and 191.4 kcal of energy. The contents of vitamins were examined. It was found that P. kerrii Craib seeds contained vitamins B1 and B2 (0.018 and 0.092 mg per 100 g dry weight, respectively). Antioxidant was determined by DPPH assay method. The results showed that P. kerrii Craib seed extract had the extremely high antioxidant activity (91.20% inhibition). The experiment exposed that P. kerrii Craib seeds provided the useful consumption and should be promoted to support local economic for sustainable development.
Composite Materials for Mechanized Brazing
Authors: Binchiciu Emilia Florina , Fleser Traian , Voiculescu Ionelia , Tihanov Tanasache Daniel , Dragomir Andra
Published: July 2016

The productivity of large scale process manufacturing, of mill cutters for removing the asphalt, is significantly influenced by the deep joint brazing process, by wolfram cable stiffeners sintered in supports made of low alloy steel with chromium. Unanimously accepted solutions of brazing in oven with controlled conditions or in CIF, requires brazing material in shape of pastille having well defined properties of deoxidiser of basic materials, of lifting and complete filling through capillarity of brazing joint and of assurance a good resistance to thermo-mechanical fatigue. The experiments made in CIF with economical materials type Ag140+Ag156+Cu-Sn-Si, in couple with boron-fluorine flows, have underlined a good behaviour to brazing and complete joints filling characteristics. These materials can easily be done by powder technology. The shape and position of the inductor, corroborate with heating-cooling parameters of the brazing assembly, ensure a good resistance to thermal shock of stiffeners made of sintered carbides. Metallographic analysis and hardness tests have revealed structures with defects like: decarburization, oxidizing corrosion and white spot, in the limit allowed by the product norms.
Repair Welding of Crane Wheels in Steelworks Smederevo
Authors: Tanasković Drakče , Đorđević Branislav , Aranđelović Mihajlo , Sedmak Simon , Sedmak Aleksandar , Đukić Miloš , Tatić Uroš
Published: July 2016

Comparative analysis of a repaired and a new crane wheel, was performed in Steelworks Smederevo, including an economic analysis and technological procedures. The repair procedure for a crane wheel is presented, along with the selection of filler materials, as well as testing of mechanical properties performed on samples taken from hard faced welds. The advantages of repair techniques compared to the manufacturing of a new wheel are shown, but also the flaws that may affect the worklife and integrity of wear-damaged elements and components.
Examination of Noxious Emissions of the Welding Process “Cold Metal Transfer (CMT)”
Authors: Verbiţchi Victor , Cojocaru Radu , Boţilă Lia Nicoleta , Ciucă Cristian
Published: July 2016

For the examination of noxious emissions, cladding tests were performed according to EN ISO 6847. The filler materials were 1.2 mm diameter wire-electrodes, made of tin bronze, aluminium bronze, austenitic stainless steel, duplex stainless steel and nickel alloy.The low-energy metal transfer welding process, named CMT (cold metal transfer) was examined, on the welding source type Trans Puls Synergic 2700 CMT, of 270 A, produced by the company Fronius, Austria. For sampling welding smoke particles, an Apex type pump was used. For measuring the concentration of gases emitted by welding, a Triple Plus type multi-gas detector was applied.The particulate emission rate is 0.500 mg / m3 in the breathing zone, according to ISO 10882-1. For comparison, the measured emission rate is from 0.877 to 2.513 mg / m3 in the welding zone, according to ISO 15011-1. The concentration of the emitted gases is in the ranges: 0.14 to 0.16% CO2; 0.1-0.2 ppm NO2; 0-15 ppm H2; 0-5 ppm CO. These concentration levels are below the exposure limits (8 hours per day, five days a week): 5% CO2; 1.0 ppm NO2; 30 ppm CO. In conclusion, the emissions from the CMT welding process are without health risk for the welder.
Weldability of High Hardness Armor Steel
Authors: Cabrilo Aleksandar , Geric Katarina
Published: July 2016

High hardness armor steel (HHA) is developed for construction of military vehicle. HHA steel is complicated to weld as a result of its higher carbon content. Temporary researches give us insufficient recommendation how to optimize welding technology to get weld joint without cracks and flaws. The favorable mechanical properties and compromise between toughness and hardness can be obtained with optimal technology, appropriate heat input and the cooling rate in the temperature range from 600° C to 200° C. Present research through the automation process, carefully selection consumable and controlling cooling rate in the temperature range from 600° C to 200° C gave the welded joint without cracks and pores. Welded joint without flaws has also encouraged tensile strength value. The width of the HAZ was within the range of accepted in the standard MIL-STAN-1185 (max. 15.9 mm from the centerline of the joint). The micro-hardness throw the base metal is between 378 and 521 HV.
Characterization of Effloresences of Ambient and Elevated Temperature Cured Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Type Concretes
Authors: Temuujin Jadambaa , Ruescher Claus , Minjigmaa Amgalan , Darkhijav Burenkhangai , Davaabal Batmunkh , Battsetseg Bat Erdene
Published: July 2016

Efflorescences formed on the surface of air (ambient) and elevated (70°C) temperatures cured high calcium fly ash based geopolymer type concretes have been characterized by the XRD, SEM-EDX and FTIR techniques. The mineralogical composition of the efflorescence depends on curing temperature. At ambient temperature the main phase of efflorescence consists of atmospheric carbonation product of sodium hydroxide such as thermonatrite (Na2(CO3)·H2O, PDF 8--448), while in the 70°C cured concrete it represents sodium calcium carbonates gaylussite (Na2Ca (CO3)2·5H2O, PDF 21-343). Mineralogical composition difference between the ambient and 70°C cured concrete’s efflolorescences is related to chemical reaction of alkaline liquid with fly ash constituents.
A Comparative Biomechanical Analysis the Vertical Jump between Flatfoot and Normal Foot
Authors: Fu Feng Qin , Wang Sheng , Shu Yang , Li Jian She , Popik Sergey , Gu Yao Dong
Published: July 2016

Flatfoot has been one of the most common foot deformity, which gives rise to several malfunctions or disoders to the foot and lower extremity. Difference between flatfoot and normal foot mainly present in the middle foot, while few is known about the biomechanical difference under barefoot vertical jump. The objective of this study is to investigate the difference of flatfoot and normal foot while vertical jumping under barefoot condition. Twenty males (ten with flatfoot and ten with normal foot) volunteered to participate in this study. Foot morphology was measured with Easy-Foot-Scan. Foot kinetics and joint kinematics were obtained from EMED force platform and Vicon motion analysis system. Results showed that flatfoot group had a significantly larger peak pressure in the region of hallux and larger contact area of center forefoot than that of normal foot group, and larger contact area in medial midfoot. The flatfoot group presented larger plantarflexion and smaller external rotation to the ankle, and larger flexion and abduction and smaller external rotation to the knee than normal foot group during vertical jump. It can be concluded that people with flat-arched feet may have a poorer ability of self-regulation when facing a movement with rapid impact force like vertical jump, which will increase the risk of injuries. This information will be valuable for future work in structure, function and potential treatment of low arched feet.
Study of Virtual Nasopharyngeal Navigation Based on Virtual Endoscopy Technology
Authors: Guo Lei , Zhang Wei , Zhao Lei , Hu Ming , Xu Gui Zhi
Published: July 2016

With the rapid development of medical imaging technology, computer graphics and visualization technologies, virtual endoscopy technology emerged. It mainly includes 2D medical image segmentation, 3D image reconstruction, path planning and virtual roaming. However, the path planning of virtual endoscopy has become one of the obstacles in this field due to the high irregularity of the nasopharyngeal anatomy structure. In this study, the nasopharynx including meatus nasi, pharyngeal canal, maxillary sinus, frontal sinus, sphenoid sinus, and ethmoid sinus is segmented and 3D reconstructed using MR images. The key technology of virtual endoscopy - center path planning algorithm is implemented based on distance transform. Also, two improved algorithms of center path planning are proposed. One is the selection algorithm of branch path and the other is the extraction algorithm for complex path based on human-computer interaction. These two improved algorithms can not only allow the traditional path planning algorithm to handle multiple branching structure but make roaming path to start at any point. Our experimental results satisfied the needs of clinical practice.
Crystallization of Linde Type A Nanomaterials at Two Temperatures Exhibit Differential Inhibition of HeLa Cervical Cancer Cells In Vitro
Authors: Tiburu Elvis K. , Fleischer Heidimarie N.A. , Aidoo Edmund O. , Salifu Ali , Asimeng Bernard O. , Zhou Han
Published: July 2016

This work reports evidence of the synthesis of zeolite A at two different temperatures (60 °C and 105 °C) from kaolin. XRD spectral analysis revealed percent crystallinity of 74 ± 2 and 71 ± 3 in LTA60 and LTA105 respectively. The average crystallize size of LTA60 and LTA105 was also estimated using Scherrer’s equation to be 57 nm. FTIR analysis showed signature peaks characteristics of zeolite A in the two materials, except the appearance of absorbance peak at 2380 cm− 1 in the LTA60 spectrum which was not observed in LTA105. Nitrogen porosity measurements of LTA60 and LTA105 gave the following parameters: average pore width of 2.45 and 1.01 nm respectively for LTA60 and LTA105, surface areas of 19.18 and 8.00 m2/g and pore volume of 0.012 and 0.002 cm3/g in that order. The influence of the materials on HeLa cancer cell growth was also investigated and the results showed differential inhibitory effects with LTA60 revealing pronounced inhibitory effects compared to LTA105 after 72 hours of cell incubation. This studies highlighted the importance of crystallization conditions that could influence the physicochemical parameters including structure, porosity, size, and morphology of zeolite materials on cell activity. The work also provided unique opportunities for utilizing natural deposits of kaolin globally to fabricate biomimetic materials for various biological applications.
Reduction of Injection Moulded Plastic Part Warpage Using Advanced Gas Assisted Injection Moulding
Authors: Košík Miroslav , Bílik Jozef , Delgado Sobrino Daynier Rolando
Published: July 2016

Dimensional and shape accuracy are the basic quality criteria of almost every injection moulded plastic part, manufactured in the engineering industry. They are dependent on many production conditions as part and moulding tool design, material structure properties and injection parameters. Generally, it is very difficult to achieve high geometrical accuracy during injection moulding, therefore, dimensional tolerances for plastic parts are usually many times larger than in the case of metals. However, according to requirements of the engineering industry, demands for the plastic parts dimensional accuracy keep growing permanently, what also extends to the growing shape complexity of the produced parts. Due to this tendency, engineers must look for more and more advanced solutions to meet market requirements and keep the competitiveness of their product. In consonance with all this, this paper presents a case study where the progressive gas assisted injection moulding is used as a solution for the plastic part warpage reduction while any other conventional methods failed. The study is performed making use of part from the automotive industry, initially produced with unacceptable deformations. In the first step, the real manufacturing state was studied to determine the warp behaviour. Subsequently, the process parameters and cooling conditions were unsuccessfully modified while trying to reduce deformations. Nevertheless, these were effectively eliminated by the only application of internal gas support to the melt injection phase. A numerical modelling based on Finite Volume and Finite Element Method was also used in the case study in order to mathematically represent the fluid, thermal and mechanical processes during the process of injection moulding.
Metal to Composite Plastic Conversion of Mechanically Loaded Part Using Numerical CAE Analyses
Authors: Košík Miroslav , Bílik Jozef , Náplava Antonín
Published: July 2016

The material replacement of component is often used procedure, which helps to reduce production costs, simplify manufacturing, improve functional properties of component and bring another benefits. In the last years, more and more metal parts are converted to plastic, also in the cases of mechanically loaded parts. For these special applications, the fibre reinforced composite plastics are successfully used. However, the mechanical properties of composite plastic are strongly dependent on the fibres orientation and following anisotropic behaviour. Moreover, the orientation of fibres is influenced by the conditions of the part production. Due to the number of these dependencies, the material conversion becomes a complex task which cannot be solved with analytical approach. Especially in case of complicated part geometry. In this study, the connection of two different numerical solvers was used for material conversion of a part from automotive industry. First, the new geometry of analyzed part was designed in order to compensate lower mechanical properties of plastic in comparison to metal. Next, the new part manufacturing was simulated and this way obtained anisotropic properties of composite plastic were described. Finally, the structural analyses of original metal and new composite plastic part with real anisotropic properties were performed to verify achievement of material conversion. The aim of this study is to demonstrate, how numerical analyses can help to predict an unexpected result.
Numerical Analysis of Influence of Cutting Edge Radius on the Minimum Thickness of the Machined Layer
Authors: Chodor Jaroslaw , Kaldunski Pawel
Published: July 2016

Possibilities of miniaturization of products are constantly increasing and create numerous technological challenges at the same time. One of the important aspects of the machining process, which is the essence of this work, is the geometry of the cutting tool. This work aims to investigate the influence of three different radius of cutting edge on the minimum thickness of machined layer. The phenomena on a typical incremental step were described using a step-by-step incremental procedure, with an updated Lagrangian formulation. The machining process is considered as geometrical and physical non-linear initial and boundary problem. The finite element method (FEM) and the dynamic explicit method (DEM) were used to obtain the solution. The application was developed in the ANSYS/LS-DYNA system which makes possible a complex time analysis of the physical phenomena: states of displacements, strains and stresses. Numerical computations of the strain have been conducted with the use of methodology which requires a proper definition of the contact zone, without the necessity to introduce boundary conditions. Examples of calculations are presented and show what the depth of cut at a given radius of cutting edge allows achieving a minimum thickness of cutting.
Study the Possibility of Controlling the Magnitude and Distribution of Residual Stress in the Surface Layer of the Product after the Process Double Duplex Burnishing
Authors: Patyk Radoslaw , Bohdal Łukasz , Kułakowska Agnieszka
Published: July 2016

In the first stage, on the semi-fabrication surface, one embossed regular asperities about needed outline (triangular, rounding, rounding-linear, trapezoid or other) and parameters depending from the needed properties of the article's surface layer. In the second stage the asperities are burnished (smooth burnishing), till the needed asperities equalized. Burnishing rolling process in the duplex type consist of two stages. In the first stage, on the semi-fabrication surface, one embossed regular asperities about needed outline (triangular, rounding, rounding-linear, trapezoid or other) and parameters depending from the needed properties of the article's surface layer. In the second stage the asperities are burnished (smooth burnishing), till the needed asperities equalized. It causes shaping own stresses, which will be occurred on the needed depth. In the dependence from the destination of the parts, it is necessary to give adequate values of the maximum stresses and adequate depth of their occurring. In this aim burnishing rolling process type duplex must be realized repeatedly, but in the next stages of embossing asperities, their height is lower than the previous, and the outline of the asperity and its geometrical parameters depends from the needed layout of the own stress in the product. In the proposed treatment technology, in the finishing (the last) operation of duplex burnishing, it is possible to shaping needed value of the maximum stress (σmax(1)), depth of their layout (h0(1)) and layout of the own stresses, but also shaping needed geometrical structure of the product surface. Analysis of the possibility of own stresses steering can be realized by changing factors: regular outline of the asperity (triangular, rounding, rounding-linear) and their parameters (height, vertical angle, rounding radius), asperities space, depth of pile and smooth burnishing, number of upcoming one by one crossing in hybrid burnishing (embossing of asperity and their burnishing), position of the burnishing tools in the next steps. The article presents the results of experimental and numerical (using FEM) of a double burnishing duplex in terms of the possibility of controlling the magnitude and distribution of residual stress in the surface layer products.
Influence of Cutting Parameters and Tool Geometry on Thrust Force Behavior in Drilling Ti6Al4V
Authors: Vrabeľ Marek , Maňková Ildikó , Ižol Peter , Franková Mária , Paľo Miroslav
Published: July 2016

Titanium alloy Ti6Al4V represents one of the most frequently used alloys in medical as well as in aerospace industry and is considered as a difficult to cut material. In this paper, cutting experiments within throughput drilling were carried out under the varying cutting speed, feed and tool geometry (cutting edge radius and clearance angle). The effects of cutting speed feed and tool geometry on thrust force in drilling Ti6Al4V alloy were investigated applying design of experiment (DoE) according to Taguchi plan L16. The effect of above mentioned parameters was investigated through analysis of the S/N ratios (smaller is better) and ANOVA analysis. All analyses were performed using statistical software Minitab and Matlab. In the case of thrust force, the feed is the main influencing factor, followed by cutting speed, cutting edge radius and clearance angle.
Using Contactless Scanning for Quality Control of Automotive Parts
Authors: Mendřický Radomír
Published: July 2016

The article presents the research of use of modern 3D measurement contact-less methods for quality inspection in automotive industry production. Experience with measuring parts and functional assemblies of complex shape and advantages of the optical methods of digitization are shown on a practical example of analysis of dimensional stability of car decorative strip plastic mouldings. The goal is to demonstrate that the modern methods of dimensional analysis of 3D products can significantly participate in optimization of the manufacturing process and ensuring higher quality of the products.Contact-less 3D systems, so called 3D scanners, were used for the measuring purposes. With their help, the tested sample were digitized in high resolution, and he obtained models of real parts underwent a thorough inspection of precision of shape and dimensions. The attention was directed primarily at the problematic spots – deviation of the strip ends when compared to the nominal CAD model. The analysis was performed using various alignment to the CAD model, thus contributing to finding context with respect to mounting points on the vehicle rails. Concurrently, an influence of galvanic plating on the accuracy of the product was studied.
Laboratory Tasks and Material and Safety Aspects
Authors: Pelantova Vera , Kretschmerova Lenka
Published: July 2016

Manufacturing organisations deal with the measurement of various kinds and other types of laboratory tasks often during their production. However, employees should have learned already the laboratory preparation from schools. The legislation in the Czech Republic currently limits the possibility of teaching of laboratory tasks in schools with reference to kind of materials, to the occupational safety and to the minority or to a lack of expertise knowledge of students. It is so hard to prepare students professionally from position of teachers.
The article deals with the construction of laboratory tasks in a material point and in a safety point of view. The teacher must look for necessary special materials for these tasks. Economic and ecologic aspects of materials mainly played an important role. It is important to approach tasks and an actual practice. It is necessary also to teach students to principles of the occupational safety at work with these materials. The article specifies nonconformities regarding to a used material and to security incidents. Recommendations for the improving of level of the teaching of laboratory tasks also from material point of view are presented here that are related to the practice.
Aspects of Burnishing Rolling Process of the Surface Prepared in Different Previous Treatments
Authors: Kułakowska Agnieszka , Kulakowski Marcin , Bohdal Łukasz , Patyk Radoslaw
Published: July 2016

The aim of this article is to demonstrate the possibility of using burnishing rolling process as the technology of product development. The experimental researches were carried out, showing the ability to form the surface layer of the product with the desired properties. First, during different previous treatment the surfaces of the samples were prepared. Then these surfaces were burnished with constant burnishing parameters. The influence of different previous treatment on the state of the surface layer parameters are shown. Among the examined aspects is considered: surface roughness, nanoroughness, material bearing, surface microstructure, metallographic.
On the Bead Geometry of Dissimilar Joints between SA516Gr65 and 304L Produced by TIG and A-TIG Welding
Authors: Venkatesan G. , Muthupandi Veerappan , Ashok N.
Published: July 2016

Dissimilar autogenous square butt joints between SA516Gr65 and 304L steels were produced by TIG welding and A-TIG welding with SiO2 and TiO2single component fluxes used in the as-received condition and dried at 150°C for one hour. Results showed that with A-TIG welding considerable improvement in depth of penetration could be achieved. Reversal of Marangoni convection could be the operative mechanism with the use of flux in the as-received condition while arc constriction could also contribute with the use of dried fluxes. Between the two single component fluxes viz., SiO2 and TiO2 studied SiO2 was found to be more effective in improving the depth of penetration.
Transition from Superplastic Behavior - Viscous Glide - Dislocation Climb - Power-Law Break down Regimes in Friction Stir Processed AA5083
Authors: El-Danaf Ehab A. , Soliman Mahmoud , El Rayes Magdy M.
Published: July 2016

5083 Al alloy was friction stir processed (FSP) at room temperature under various experimental conditions. Two rotational speeds of 430 and 850 rpm with a single traverse feed of 90 mm/min (430-90, 850-90) were used, to investigate the effect of rotation speed. Also, another feed rate of 140 mm/min was used with a rotational speed of 430 rpm (430-140), to investigate the effect of feed rate. The processing conditions resulted in three different grain sizes of 0.95, 1.6 and 2.6 μm depending on the FSP parameters. The deformation behavior of the FSP samples was investigated at 250 C at three strain rates of 10-4, 10-3 and 10-2 s-1. The values of strain rate sensitivity, m was determined, as a function of grain size, and it decreased from 0.45 to 0.33 to 0.18 with increasing the grain size. True activation energy was calculated as 63, 95, 157 kJ/mole for the grain sizes of 0.95, 1.6 and 2.6 μm, respectively. These calculated values are comparable to grain boundary sliding of magnesium in aluminum (69 – 78 kJ mol-1), magnesium in aluminum (~115 kJ mole-1) and aluminum lattice diffusion (~143 kJ mol-1 ). The change in the deformation mechanism with grain size was discussed in some details.
Effect of Composition on Tensile and Impact Properties of Tungsten-Based Heavy Alloy
Authors: Satyanarayana P.V. , Sokkalingam R. , Sivaprasad K. , Mukherjee A.K.
Published: July 2016

Tungsten heavy alloy of two different compositions (93W-4.0Ni-2.0Co-1.0Fe and 90W-6.1Ni-3.0Fe-0.5Co-0.4Mo in wt%) was synthesized in conventional powder metallurgy route through the liquid phase sintering. Studies have been carried out on the effect of alloying elements, tungsten particle size, and amount of matrix on mechanical properties. The alloy with 93% W had shown the higher tensile strength value and lower elongation along with double the value of impact energy than that of 90% W due to lower tungsten particle size and weight fraction in addition to an increase in cobalt and increase in ratio of iron to nickel. Relatively higher porosity could also have resulted in reduced properties.
Failure Analysis of an Additive Manufactured Porous Titanium Structure for Orthopedic Implant Applications
Authors: Chen Wen Ming , Lee Sung Jae , Lee Peter Vee Sin
Published: July 2016

Porous metallic biomaterials produced using additive manufacturing technologies have gained popularity in orthopaedic implant applications. Porous metals provide enhanced biological anchorage for the bone tissue surrounding implants, and to promote rapid bone ingrowth. However, fragility associated with highly-porous metals is still a major concern. Standard mechanical testing yields merely structural parameters (i.e. stiffness and strength), but infers nothing about local strains in the micro-architecture such as struts. This study aims to develop a technique applicable for direct measurement of strain in porous titanium (Ti) structures. A low rigidity lattice Ti sample was specifically designed and fabricated using the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology. A novel compression test was performed, in which the surface lattice pattern of the Ti cube during the entire compression process was captured. Customized Matlab code was then used to compare lattice images in the unloaded and loaded states to compute strains. The results of full-field strain calculations were presented to demonstrate the capacity of the method. The characterization of localized strains from experiments can aid in the understanding of the mechanics of porous Ti structures, the relationship between microstructures and overall mechanical property, and the interpretation of failure patterns observed in complicated microstructures such as strut.
Studies on Thermally Stimulated Nonlinear Absorption in Gelatin Stabilized Cu-PVP Nanocomposite Thin Films
Authors: Tamgadge Y.S. , Muley Gajanan G.
Published: July 2016

This article reports investigations on thermally stimulated third order nonlinear absorption in Cu-PVP nanocomposite thin films. Cu nanoparticles have been obtained using chemical reduction method and thin films of Cu-PVP nanocomposites have been obtained using spin coating technique. Thin films have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, Fourier infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy, etc. for structural and linear optical studies. Third order nonlinear absorption studies have been performed using open aperture z-scan technique under continuous wave (CW) He-Ne laser. Cu-PVP nanocomposites are found to exhibit strong nonlinear absorption coefficient stimulated by thermal lensing effect.
Prevalence and diversity of Arcobacter spp. in retail chicken meat in Turkey
Authors: Molva Celenk , Atabay Halil Ibrahim
Published: July 2016

Arcobacters are food and waterborne pathogens associated with human and animal infections. The objective of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and diversity of Arcobacter spp. in commercially sold chicken meat in İzmir region of Turkey. For this purpose, 100 samples including legs (n=40), 17 chicken quarters (n=17), drumstickers (n=16), breasts (n=11), wings (n=10), and carcasses (n=6) were collected from different retail markets. A total of 65 isolates were confirmed as Arcobacter spp. from 55 samples by genus-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The prevalence of Arcobacter spp. was 32.5, 81.3, 64.7, 72.7, 83.3, and 50% for legs, drumstickers, chicken quarters, breasts, carcasses and wings, respectively. Based on the multiplex-PCR, most of the isolates were identified as A. butzleri (n=45, 80%), followed by A. cryaerophilus (n=2, 3.6%), A. skirrowii (n=1, 1.8%) and 17 isolates (30.9%) could not be identified at the species level.
Development of antimicrobial packaging materials for food preservation using bacteriocin from Lactobacillus casei
Authors: Damania Priyanka , Patel Riddhishah , Shaw Reshma , Kataria Roonal Pritam , Wadia Ashok
Published: July 2016

Bacteriocins are proteinaceous toxin produced by bacteria to inhibit the growth of similar or closely related bacteria. Among lactic acid bacteria (LAB), bacteriocins are produced by Streptococcus, Pediococcus, Lactobacillus, etc. In recent years, bacteriocin-producing LAB have attracted significant attention because of their generally recognized as safe status and potential use as safe additives for food preservation. Incorporation of bacteriocins into packaging films to control food spoilage and pathogenic organisms has been an area of active research for last decade. Antimicrobial packaging film prevents microbial growth on food surface by direct contact of the package with the surface of food. The objectives of this study were to isolate bacteriocin-producing LAB from Yakult®, develop antimicrobial packaging system and evaluate their antimicrobial effects on selected spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. For this reason, the antimicrobial packaging film was made by using the bacteriocin by Lactobacillus casei and coating it or adsorbing it onto the surface of different packaging materials. The antimicrobial activity of the coated films was tested by agar diffusion assay against the test organisms Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The results obtained proved that bacteriocins can be used to inhibit both the test organisms. Thus antimicrobial packaging systems can be developed using bacteriocins thereby reducing the risk of pathogen development, as well as extending the shelf life of foods.
Middle manager role and contribution towards the competitive intelligence process: A case of Irish subsidiaries
Authors: Chinyamurindi Willie
Published: July 2016

Background: Calls have been made especially during a period of global competition and economic austerity for research that focuses on how competitive intelligence (CI) is actually generated within organisations.Objectives: The aim of this study was to understand the views and experiences of middle managers with regard to their role and contribution towards the CI process within Irish subsidiaries of the Multinational Corporation (MNC).Method: The study adopts a qualitative approach using the semi-structured interview technique to generate narratives and themes around how CI is generated using a sample of 15 middle managers drawn from five participating Irish subsidiaries.Results: Based on the analysis of the narratives of the middle managers, three main themes emerged as findings. Firstly, the process of gathering CI was facilitated by the reliance on internal and external tools. Secondly, information gathered from the use of such tools was then communicated by middle managers to top managers to inform the making of strategic decisions. Thus, (and thirdly), middle managers were found to occupy an important role not only through the execution of their management duties but by extending this influence towards the generation of information deemed to affect the competitive position of not just the subsidiary but also the parent company.Conclusion: The study concludes by focusing on the implications and recommendations based on the three themes drawn from the empirical data.
The Ugly Duckling No More
Authors: Cuellar Autumn , Aiken Jason
Published: July 2016

DITA is growing in popularity as a document standard and is now being used across a range of industries. As DITA grows beyond the scope of technical publications and as businesses become more concerned about branding documents across the organization, the current methods of coding templates to format DITA output are no longer sufficient for document production. We'll explore using page layout software to design complex, visually rich templates for DITA and other XML document formats.
Saxon-JS: XSLT 3.0 in the Browser
Authors: Lockett Debbie , Kay Michael
Published: July 2016

In this paper, we introduce Saxon-JS, an XSLT 3.0 run-time written in pure JavaScript. We've effectively split the Saxon product into its compile-time and run-time components. The compiler runs on the server, and generates an intermediate representation of the compiled and optimized stylesheet in a custom XML format. Saxon-JS, running on the browser, reads in the compiled stylesheet and executes it. We describe some particular features of Saxon-JS: the event-handling extensions to the XSLT language (as used for Saxon-CE), the way that XSLT and JavaScript can interwork, conformance to the W3C XSLT and XPath specifications, and some details of the internal implementation.
Comparisons of IASI-A and AATSR measurements of top-of-atmosphere radiance
over an extended period
Authors: Bali Manik , Mittaz Jonathan P. , Maturi Eileen , Goldberg Mitchell D.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. This study examines the trustworthiness of the Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) and the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI-A), as on-orbit reference instruments that are useful in re-calibrating the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) series (Mittaz and Harris, 2011). To do this, a 39-month period (1 January 2008 to 31 March 2011) of AATSR and IASI-A inter-comparisons of top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiance measurements is examined. Our inter-comparison reveals features of the AATSR and IASI-A bias with respect to scan angle, scene temperature, time and orbital maneuvers, and gives insight into their trustworthiness as an in-orbit reference instruments. The first feature that our study reveals is that the AATSR (nadir view) and IASI-A are both stable (have no perceptible trends in the period of study). The second feature is that IASI-A is perhaps more accurate ( ∼  0.05 K) than its stated accuracy (0.5 K). In fact the AATSR and IASI-A bias is close to the AATSR pre-launch bias (plus a small offset of +0.07 K) implying that IASI-A can get close to pre-launch levels of accuracy. Third, a very small scan angular dependence of AATSR and IASI-A bias indicates that the IASI-A response vs. scan angle algorithm is robust, while the instrument is in orbit. Inter-comparisons of AATSR with IASI-A further reveal the impact of orbital maneuvers of the ENVISAT, the platform carrying AATSR, done in October 2011 and not anticipated previously. Our study reveals that this maneuver introduced a temperature-dependent bias in the AATSR measurements for low temperatures (< 240 K) in the period following this maneuver (Cocevar et al., 2011). Our study also shows that the known AATSR 12 µm channel offset is in fact temperature dependent, grows up to 0.4 K, varies seasonally and is correlated with instrument temperature and cannot be corrected by shifting the spectral response function (SRF) of AATSR. We also present a set of recommendations to help identify the parameters under which these instruments can provide the most trustworthy observations for the AVHRR re-calibration.
Physiological responses of coastal and oceanic diatoms to diurnal fluctuations in seawater carbonate chemistry under two CO2 concentrations
Authors: Li Futian , Wu Yaping , Hutchins David A. , Fu Feixue , Gao Kunshan
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Diel or seasonal fluctuations in seawater carbonate chemistry are common in coastal waters, while in the open ocean carbonate chemistry is much less variable. In both of these environments, ongoing ocean acidification is being superimposed on the natural carbonate buffer system to influence the physiology of phytoplankton. Here, we show that a coastal Thalassiosira weissflogii isolate and an oceanic diatom, Thalassiosira oceanica, respond differentially to diurnal fluctuating carbonate chemistry in current and ocean acidification (OA) scenarios. A fluctuating carbonate chemistry regime showed positive or negligible effects on physiological performance of the coastal species. In contrast, the oceanic species was significantly negatively affected, with higher respiration than cells grown under the corresponding steady regime. The fluctuating regime reduced photosynthetic oxygen evolution rates of T. oceanica under ambient CO2 concentration, while in the OA scenario, the fluctuating regime depressed its growth rate, chlorophyll a content, and elemental production rates. These contrasting physiological performances of coastal and oceanic diatoms indicate that they differ in the ability to cope with dynamic pCO2. We propose that, in addition to the ability to cope with light, nutrient, and predation pressure, the ability to acclimate to dynamic carbonate chemistry may act as one determinant of the spatial distribution of diatom species. Habitat-relevant diurnal changes in seawater carbonate chemistry can interact with OA to differentially affect diatoms in coastal and pelagic waters.
Drift simulation of MH370 debris using superensemble techniques
Authors: Jansen Eric , Coppini Giovanni , Pinardi Nadia
Published: July 2016

Abstract. On 7 March 2014 (UTC), Malaysia Airlines flight 370 vanished without a trace. The aircraft is believed to have crashed in the southern Indian Ocean, but despite extensive search operations the location of the wreckage is still unknown. The first tangible evidence of the accident was discovered almost 17 months after the disappearance. On 29 July 2015, a small piece of the right wing of the aircraft was found washed up on the island of Réunion, approximately 4000 km from the assumed crash site. Since then a number of other parts have been found in Mozambique, South Africa and on Rodrigues Island. This paper presents a numerical simulation using high-resolution oceanographic and meteorological data to predict the movement of floating debris from the accident. Multiple model realisations are used with different starting locations and wind drag parameters. The model realisations are combined into a superensemble, adjusting the model weights to best represent the discovered debris. The superensemble is then used to predict the distribution of marine debris at various moments in time. This approach can be easily generalised to other drift simulations where observations are available to constrain unknown input parameters. The distribution at the time of the accident shows that the discovered debris most likely originated from the wide search area between 28 and 35° S. This partially overlaps with the current underwater search area, but extends further towards the north. Results at later times show that the most probable locations to discover washed-up debris are along the African east coast, especially in the area around Madagascar. The debris remaining at sea in 2016 is spread out over a wide area and its distribution changes only slowly.