bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Precarious Work and Parenting Stress among Mexican Immigrant Women in the United States
Authors: León‐Pérez Gabriela , Richards Caroline , Non Amy L.
Published: March 2021

Objective

To qualitatively examine how precarious work contributes to parenting stress among Mexican immigrant women.

Background

Mexican immigrants tend to be employed in low‐wage occupations with nonstandard work arrangements and schedules. Besides common strains associated with balancing work and family, they experience immigrant‐specific stressors due to their unique positions in society and differences in structural resources and cultural values regarding parenting.

Method

Ten focus groups were conducted with 30 Mexican immigrant women living in Nashville, TN. An additional focus group was conducted with four key informants who served the local immigrant community. Transcripts were analyzed using inductive and deductive approaches.

Results

Precarious working conditions were a major source of stress and a central contributor to parenting stress. Three themes related to parenting stress emerged: finding and paying for childcare, limited family time, and concerns about children's well‐being. Traditional gender expectations and the structural context of legal status shaped the challenges they experienced in the work and parenting realms.

Conclusion

The narratives of women in this study reveal the impact that contingent, excessive, or exploitative workloads can have on immigrant families. Overall, women struggled to reconcile their better economic standing and their poor family life.
Like me Back: Neural Correlates of Low Perceived Relational Value in Peer Victimized Youth
Authors: Fowler Carina H. , Lin Lynda C. , Rudolph Karen D. , Telzer Eva H.
Published: March 2021

Perceived relational value describes the extent to which individuals consider themselves to be liked and valued. Given the salience of peer opinions in adolescence, perceived relational value is an important part of adolescents’ developing self‐concept. Here, we examined the neural correlates of youth’s perceptions of their relational value in two independent samples (N = 33, Mage = 13.71, SD = 2.71; N = 26, Mage = 15.43, SD = 0.33). In both studies, peer victimization was associated with lower perceived relational value behaviorally and with altered frontostriatal connectivity when perceiving low relational value during fMRI. Our results suggest that peer victimization may lead youth to become biased about how they will be perceived socially and may disrupt connectivity between brain regions involved in responding to appetitive social stimuli.
The role of police contact and neighborhood experiences on legal socialization: Longitudinal evidence from adolescents in Brazil
Authors: Piccirillo Debora , García‐Sánchez Efraín , Chies‐Santos Mariana , Mizutani Gomes Aline
Published: March 2021

The legal socialization framework emphasizes the importance of adolescents’ encounters with police. We examine how different types of police contact and neighborhood experiences are linked to the legal socialization process among adolescents living in São Paulo, Brazil. Drawing on 669 participants across three waves of panel data from the São Paulo Legal Socialization Study, results from the multilevel longitudinal model revealed that within‐person increases in vicarious police contact were linked to a decrease in police legitimacy over time. Exploratory analyses using a multilevel mediation model indicated that the observed negative effect of vicarious police contact was mediated by evaluations of police procedural justice. As for the between‐person effects, voluntary police contact positively predicted police legitimacy over time. However, the effects of vicarious police contact and violent police contact were mediated by police procedural justice. Additionally, police legitimacy decreased for people who had more exposure to violence and lower levels of fear of crime. The study revealed that the nature of police contact and levels of exposure to violence can have important effects on adolescents’ perceptions of police legitimacy, even after accounting for procedural justice.
Fire‐triggered flowering is the dominant post‐fire strategy in a tropical savanna
Authors: L. Zirondi Heloiza , Ooi Mark K. J. , Fidelis Alessandra
Published: March 2021

Questions

In fire‐prone ecosystems, fire can enhance the flowering and fruiting of many species, a strategy assumed to be well represented in savanna. Despite this, there are surprisingly few studies assessing how prevalent fire‐stimulated flowering is. Thus, we asked: (a) are there differences in the reproductive phenology of Cerrado plants between recently burned and unburned areas; (b) how does fire affect the speed of flowering and how does this differ between growth forms; and (c) what are the post‐fire flowering (PFF) strategies of Cerrado species and is there evidence for high proportions of obligate PFF?

Location

Open savannas (campo sujo in the Cerrado) in Central Brazil (Reserva Natural Serra do Tombador — RNST, 13°35–13°38' S and 47°45'–47°51' W).

Methods

We established six plots, three recently and frequently burned (FB) and three excluded from fire for six years (E). In all treatments, the number of species flowering and fruiting was counted every 15 days for three months, and then at six, nine and 12 months after fire. We also counted the number of reproductive and vegetative shoots in 10 subplots (1 m × 1 m) per plot.

Results

Approximately 66% of species studied were fire‐stimulated, with half of these only flowering after fire (obligate PFF). Fire‐enhanced flowering was rapid, with the clearest differences between burned and unburned plots seen in the first 30 days, and up to three months after fire, where there were up to two times more species flowering in the FB than E areas.

Conclusions

The extremely high proportion of PFF species, at least five times that reported for heathlands and other shrub communities, highlights the role that short‐interval fire regimes have in savanna ecosystems, selecting for resprouting life forms and PFF dominance, particularly in herbaceous species. Rapid post‐fire reproduction may be a strategy to disperse large quantities of seed into an environment with a small recruitment window.
The Bruce effect should be defined by function, not mechanism: comments on ‘How to escape male infanticide: mechanisms for avoiding or terminating pregnancy in mammals’
Authors: Zipple Matthew N. , Roberts Eila K. , Alberts Susan C. , Beehner Jacinta C.
Published: March 2021

Bartoš et al. (2021; Mammal Review 51: 143–153; https://doi.org/10.1111/mam.12219) reviewed the mechanisms involved in the ‘Bruce effect’ – a phenomenon originally documented in inseminated female house mice Mus musculus, who block pregnancy following exposure to a novel (non‐sire) male. They argue that the term ‘Bruce effect’ should be applied in cases that are mechanistically equivalent to this original observation in mice. We argue that the Bruce effect should be defined instead by its function: a phenomenon by which inseminated or pregnant females benefit by blocking or terminating pregnancy following exposure to a non‐sire male. Only functional definitions of phenomena allow for the articulation and testing of evolutionary hypotheses.
The effect of the 2008 employment support programme on young men’s labour market outcomes in Turkey: Evidence from a regression discontinuity design
Authors: Ozdamar Oznur , Giovanis Eleftherios , Dağlıoğlu Cansu , Gerede Cemaleddin
Published: March 2021

Active labour market policies (ALMPs), such as subsidies for wages, social security contributions (SSCs) and employment, are one of the most important tools of countries’ efforts to tackle unemployment. The Turkish government launched the employment subsidy programme in 2008, aiming to decrease unemployment and to encourage formal employment by subsidizing the SSCs for relatively disadvantaged groups. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the 2008 policy on various labour outcomes. The entire analysis relies on micro‐level panel data derived by the Survey of Income and Living Conditions over the period of 2008–2011. Young men aged between 18 and 29 years are eligible to the programme. To infer causality, we apply a regression discontinuity design analysis using as the cut‐off point those who are aged 30 years. The findings show that the policy of 2008 had a positive impact on employment and the probability of being employed in the formal sector and working full time.
Benefits and costs of hosting facultative symbionts in plant‐sucking insects: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zytynska Sharon E. , Tighiouart Karim , Frago Enric
Published: March 2021

Many animals have evolved associations with symbiotic microbes that benefit the host through increased growth, lifespan, and survival. Some interactions are obligate (essential for survival) while others are facultative (usually beneficial but not essential). Not all individuals host all facultative symbionts in a population, and thus there is probably a trade‐off between the cost of hosting these symbionts and the benefits they confer to the host. Plant‐sucking insects have been one of the most important models to test these costs and benefits experimentally. This research is now moving beyond the description of symbiont effects towards understanding the mechanisms of action, and their role in the wider ecological community. We present a quantitative and systematic analysis of the published evidence exploring this question. We found that whitefly and true bugs experience benefits through increased growth and fecundity, whereas aphids experience costs to their fecundity but benefits through increased resistance to natural enemies. We also report the lack of data in some plant‐sucking groups, and explore variation in effect strengths and directions across aphid host, symbiont and plant species thus highlighting the importance of considering the context dependency of these interactions.
DNA methylation occurring in Cre‐expressing cells inhibits loxP recombination and silences loxP‐sandwiched genes
Authors: Liu Ruochen , Long Qin , Zou Xiuping , Wang You , Pei Yan
Published: March 2021

The low DNA recombination efficiency of site‐specific recombinase systems in plants limits their application; however, the underlying mechanism is unknown.

We evaluate the gene deletion performance of four recombinase systems (Cre/loxP, Flp/FRT, KD/KDRT and B3/B3RT) in tobacco where the recombinases are under the control of germline‐specific promoters.

We find that the expression of these recombinases results mostly in gene silencing rather than gene deletion. Using the Cre/loxP system as a model, we reveal that the region flanked by loxP sites (floxed) is hypermethylated, which prevents floxed genes from deletion while silencing the expression of the genes. We further show CG methylation alone in the recombinase binding element of the loxP site is unable to impede gene deletion; instead, CHH methylation in the crossover region is required to inhibit loxP recombination.

Our study illustrates the important role of recombinase‐induced DNA methylation in the inhibition of site‐specific DNA recombination and uncovers the mechanism underlying recombinase‐associated gene silence in plants.
Enablers and barriers to women's lifestyle behavior change during the preconception period: A systematic review
Authors: Kandel Pragya , Lim Siew , Pirotta Stephanie , Skouteris Helen , Moran Lisa J. , Hill Briony
Published: March 2021

Healthy lifestyle behaviors during the preconception period are important to optimize maternal and child outcomes, including weight. However, the majority of women do not have optimal preconception lifestyle behaviors. This systematic review explored enablers and barriers to women's preconception lifestyle behaviors using the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, Behaviour (COM‐B) model and Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Preconception was defined as the time before conception, capturing planned and unplanned pregnancies. Medline Complete, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL were searched for peer‐reviewed, quantitative and qualitative primary studies (English, 2006–2020) that explored enablers and barriers to lifestyle behaviors (diet, physical activity, smoking, alcohol use, supplement intake). Forty‐two studies (of 3406) were included, assessing supplement use (n = 37), diet (n = 10), smoking (n = 10), alcohol use (n = 8), and physical activity (n = 5). All three COM‐B components were identified only for diet and supplement use. Of the 14 TDF domains, 7 were identified: knowledge, beliefs about capabilities, beliefs about consequences, goals, intentions, social support, and environmental context and resources. The presence/absence of knowledge on healthy behaviors was the most commonly assessed enabler/barrier. Future studies should explore a wider range of factors influencing preconception women's capability, opportunity, and motivation to modify their lifestyle behaviors.
Reducing the wait: TCV can expand the donor pool for heart transplant candidates
Authors: Szugye Nicholas A. , Moore Ryan A. , Dani Alia , Lorts Angela , Zafar Farhan , Morales David L. S.
Published: March 2021

A 16‐year‐old with new‐onset dilated cardiomyopathy underwent VAD placement, later complicated by low flow from outflow graft kinking. To expedite heart transplantation, TCV was calculated and compared with 141 normal patients pinpointing the upper weight threshold. He was transplanted 2 days later within the expanded weight range with no post‐transplant complications.
What makes university students perfectionists? The role of childhood trauma, emotional dysregulation, academic anxiety, and social support
Authors: Dobos Bianka , Piko Bettina F. , Mellor David
Published: March 2021

While most studies concentrate on the negative psychological consequences of perfectionism, we know less about its antecedents. This study examined the relationship between adverse childhood experiences, difficulties in emotion regulation, academic anxiety and social support and maladaptive perfectionism among university students. A large sample of 1,750 students (81% female; M = 21.6 years, SD = 4.8) completed an online self‐report survey assessing these constructs. Relative to males, female participants recorded higher scores for difficulties in emotion regulation, perceived social support and debilitating anxiety but not for perfectionism. In line with previous studies, perfectionism was positively related to difficulties in emotion regulation and childhood trauma, with the former being the stronger predictive variable. Debilitating academic anxiety was also a positive but much weaker contributor. In contrast, perceived social support was a significant negative predictor of perfectionism, suggesting that perfectionists can benefit from social connections. Age and gender did not play a role in perfectionism scores. These findings draw attention to the predictive role of emotion regulation and childhood adverse experiences in maladaptive perfectionism and stimulate further research into exploring its association with social support and test anxiety.
Brucellosis in transplant recipients: A systematic review
Authors: Rabiei Mohammad M. , Imanzade Fariba , Hatami Firouze , Hesami Hamed , Irvani Seyed S. N. , Alavi Darazam Ilad
Published: March 2021

Background

Brucellosis is a bacterial disease caused by Brucella species. The purpose of this study was to evaluate brucellosis in all types of transplant patients.

Methods

All the cases of brucellosis in transplant patients with no time and language limitations were searched and retrieved on May 20, 2020, using the following search keywords: (Brucella OR Brucellosis) AND (Transplant OR Transplantation) through the following medical databases: Web of Sciences, Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and regional databases, for example, SID. All clinical features, including the time of transmission (before, during, and after transplantation), treatment protocols and medications, and patients’ outcomes were investigated.

Results

A total of 14 cases reported in 14 studies (out of 777 studies) were retrieved. Kidney (50%), liver (28.5%), and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (14.2%) were the most reported types of transplantation. The presentation of brucellosis in 42.8% of the patients occurred in the early post‐transplantation period, whereas 57.1% of the cases presented with late onset disease.

Conclusion

Brucellosis in transplant recipients seems to be uncommon even in the endemic regions. However, rare cases could be transmitted through bone marrow transplantation and transfusion. Precise screening and meticulous supervision during and after transplantation might lead to a reduction in the frequency of brucellosis.
An Experimental and Computational Study on the Low Velocity Impact-Induced Damage of a Highly Anisotropic Laminated Composite Panel
Authors: Lin Shiyao , Waas Anthony M.
Published: March 2021

The low velocity impact (LVI)-induced damage of a highly anisotropic laminate [0/90/0/909]s has been studied experimentally and numerically. The purpose of the analyses of this laminate is that this stacking sequence resembles a sandwich composite panel, in the sense that the [0/90/0] outer layers serve as the “face sheet” while the inner 18 plies of 90 deg layers serve as the “core.” The LVI-induced damage pattern of this laminate is unique and referred to as the “kidney” shape. The “kidney” shape damage is caused by a strong interaction between matrix transverse cracking and delamination, hence is challenging to be computationally captured. The enhanced Schapery theory (EST) model has been improved with the capability to model material inelasticity, as well as a novel mixed-mode cohesive law, to tackle this problem. EST with inelasticity (EST-InELA) is shown to be able to predict load responses and damage morphology accurately and efficiently. The aim of this paper is to provide a challenging LVI case to examine and calibrate computational models.
Carbonization of Cellulose in Supercritical CO2 for Value-Added Carbon
Authors: Burra Kiran G. , Daristotle Nick , Gupta Ashwani K.
Published: March 2021

In this paper, carbonization of biomass in the presence of supercritical CO2 is investigated to obtain carbon solids with enhanced properties and potential to provide a sustainable pathway for high-value solid products which are currently resourced from expensive and carbon driven fossil-fuel routes. Carbonization of cellulose was carried out in supercritical CO2 at temperatures of 523 K and 623 K at ∼100 bar pressure in a stirred reactor for 1–8 h of residence times. The obtained solid residue was characterized for morphology using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), surface graphitization using Raman spectroscopy, thermal stability using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and crystallinity using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The solid chars were found to be dominated by clusters of microspheres (<5 μm), especially at temperatures of 623 K. Raman spectroscopy revealed the formation of graphitic crystallite units connected by sp3 carbons (i.e., aliphatic) suggesting significant graphitization. G-band peak ratio was found to be highest for a residence time of 5 h for both the temperatures. TGA data revealed that higher carbonization temperature led to higher thermal decomposition peaks of the chars. The peak value of thermal decomposition ranged between 700 and 800 K for char obtained at 523 K and between 750 and 900 K for char at 623 K. The values were significantly higher than the decomposition peak cellulose at ∼610 K. Proximate analysis results revealed significant increase of fixed carbon content compared with cellulose. Fixed carbon to volatile content ratios revealed increase from 0.052 in cellulose to values ranging from 1.4 to 4.3 making these chars similar in character to coal (with ranking of bituminous coal and petroleum coke). The net yield of solid chars from carbonization was around 50–66% depending upon the extent of carbonization. These results suggest this pathway to produce high yields of high-quality carbon solids with low volatile content, high thermal stability, and significant graphitization. The graphitized carbon offers potential applications in catalysis, electrode materials, pollutant absorption, and energy storage and solid fuels while avoiding drying to remove moisture unlike pyrolysis.
Hydrokinetic Energy Conversion by Flow-Induced Oscillation of Two Tandem Cylinders of Different Stiffness
Authors: Yuan Wenyong , Sun Hai , Kim Eun Soo , Li Hui , Beltsos Nicholas , Bernitsas Michael M.
Published: March 2021

The vortex-induced vibration for aquatic clean energy (VIVACE) converter harnesses hydrokinetic energy by enhancing flow-induced oscillations (FIOs) of elastically supported rigid cylinders in a river, tide, or ocean current. The harnessing power depends on the intensity of the oscillation, which is a consequence of the flow–structure interaction. The inflow condition for the downstream (second) cylinder is slowed down and perturbed by the upstream (first) cylinder, due to the shielding effect. Therefore, the optimal structural parameters, i.e., stiffness and damping ratio, for the second cylinder may be different from the first cylinder, in terms of energy harnessing. To improve the performance of the VIVACE converter, a series of experiments are conducted in a recirculating water channel, with various stiffness combinations of two cylinders in tandem. Results show that the stiffness of the second cylinder, K2, does not affect the energy harnessing power in vortex-induced vibration (VIV) occurring at low speeds, because the oscillation of the downstream cylinder in this velocity range is completely dominated by the wake of the upstream cylinder. K2 has a great influence on the harnessing power at higher velocities in the transition region from VIV to galloping and in galloping. Changing K2 onsets and enhances galloping at lower flow velocity and harnesses up to 110% more energy than the case of K1 = K2.
Sequential Sampling Framework for Metamodeling Uncertainty Reduction in Multilevel Optimization of Hierarchical Systems
Authors: Xu Can , Zhu Ping , Liu Zhao
Published: March 2021

Metamodels instead of computer simulations are often adopted to reduce the computational cost in the uncertainty-based multilevel optimization. However, metamodel techniques may bring prediction discrepancy, which is defined as metamodeling uncertainty, due to the limited training data. An unreliable solution will be obtained when the metamodeling uncertainty is ignored, while an overly conservative solution, which contradicts the original intension of the design, may be got when both parametric and metamodeling uncertainty are treated concurrently. Hence, an adaptive sequential sampling framework is developed for the metamodeling uncertainty reduction of multilevel systems to obtain a solution that approximates the true solution. Based on the Kriging model for the probabilistic analytical target cascading (ATC), the proposed framework establishes a revised objective-oriented sampling criterion and sub-model selection criterion, which can realize the location of additional samples and the selection of subsystem requiring sequential samples. Within the sampling criterion, the metamodeling uncertainty is decomposed by the Karhunen–Loeve expansion into a set of stochastic variables, and then polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) is used for uncertainty quantification (UQ). The polynomial coefficients are encoded and integrated in the selection criterion to obtain subset sensitivity indices for the sub-model selection. The effectiveness of the developed framework for metamodeling uncertainty reduction is demonstrated on a mathematical example and an application.
Sensitivity of mixed layer duct propagation to deterministic ocean features
Authors: Colosi John A. , Zinicola-Lapin William
Published: March 2021

Here, the problem of mode coupling in a mixed layer (ML) surface duct is considered where the coupling is induced by deterministic upper ocean features such as eddies, filaments, and/or density compensated temperature and salinity anomalies (spice). The single scatter Dyson series solution for mode energy is used to define a non-dimensional mode interaction parameter Γmn that quantifies the strength of coupling between modes m and n as a function of environmental factors and frequency. Direct coupled mode simulations at 400 and 1000 Hz show weak, first order coupling and small ML transmission loss (TL) variability when Γmn<1, while for Γmn>1, there is strong, higher order coupling with large changes in ML TL. Importantly, there is a frequency dependent resonance condition associated with the range width of the perturbations, Δ, such that Γmn→0 as Δ→0 and ∞.
Effect of Photobiomodulation on Critical Swimming Velocity: A Randomized, Crossover, Double-Blind, and Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Teixeira Cesar L. , Mezzaroba Paulo V. , Machado Fabiana A.
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To analyze the acute effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) on swimming critical velocity (CV). Methods: A total of 15 male federated swimmers (20.9 [2.4] y old) participated in this study. Three sets of front crawl were performed at distances of 100, 200, and 400 m to determine the CV under 3 experimental conditions: PBM (420 J), placebo (PLA), and control (C) in this randomized, crossover, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study. One-way analysis of variance for repeated measurements was used for statistical analyses. Results: The results showed that the prior application of PBM did not have ergogenic effects on CV and front crawl swimming performance: CV (PBM = 1.15 [0.15]; PLA = 1.20 [0.25]; C = 1.15 [0.14] m·s−1), swim time (ST) 100 m (PBM = 65.5 [6.3]; PLA = 65.2 [5.6]; C = 66.0 [5.9] s), ST 200 m (PBM = 148.5 [17.9]; PLA = 149.4 [16.4]; C = 150.1 [17.9] s), and ST 400 m (PBM = 327.7 [38.2]; PLA = 321.6 [47.7]; C = 329.5 [41.2] s). Conclusions: A PBM application prior to front crawl swimming test did not significantly modify the CV, ST, physiological factors of metabolic fatigue, perceptual, and front crawl stroke efficiency parameters in competition swimmers covering distances of 100, 200, and 400 m.
Cooperative carbon capture and steam regeneration with tetraamine-appended metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Kim Eugene J. , Siegelman Rebecca L. , Jiang Henry Z. H. , Forse Alexander C. , Lee Jung-Hoon , Martell Jeffrey D. , Milner Phillip J. , Falkowski Joseph M. , Neaton Jeffrey B. , Reimer Jeffrey A. , Weston Simon C. , Long Jeffrey R.
Published: March 2021

Steaming out captured CO
2

Although natural gas is less carbon dioxide (CO
2
)–intensive than coal, capturing its emitted CO
2
can be more challenging because combined-cycle natural gas combustion has a CO
2
concentration that is only one-third of that of coal combustion and contains high concentrations of oxygen and water. Kim
et al.
report on a tetraamine-functionalized magnesium metal–organic framework that displays two-step cooperative CO
2
adsorption that leads to a high CO
2
capacity and adsorption enthalpy (see the Perspective by Peh and Zhao). This material could capture CO
2
from humid air and could be regenerated with steam, a method that is more economical than temperature or pressure swing methods.

Science
, this issue p.
392
; see also p.
372
Essential requirement for JPT2 in NAADP-evoked Ca
2+
signaling
Authors: Gunaratne Gihan S. , Brailoiu Eugen , He Shijun , Unterwald Ellen M. , Patel Sandip , Slama James T. , Walseth Timothy F. , Marchant Jonathan S.
Published: March 2021

A protein that enables the activation of two-pore channels by NAADP is identified.
Teaming with NAADP
Authors: Patel Sandip , Gregori Martina , Yuan Yu
Published: March 2021

Discussions from a virtual symposium on NAADP signaling are reported.
RNA Interference Screening Reveals Requirement for Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Beta in Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection
Authors: Zhou Minmin , Wang Shaobo , Guo Jiao , Liu Yang , Cao Junyuan , Lan Xiaohao , Jia Xiaoying , Zhang Bo , Xiao Gengfu , Wang Wei
Published: March 2021

Mosquito-borne Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) causes serious illness worldwide and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. To identify potential host therapeutic targets, a high-throughput receptor tyrosine kinase small interfering RNA library screening was performed with recombinant JEV particles.
Antifungal Susceptibility Profiles of Olorofim (Formerly F901318) and Currently Available Systemic Antifungals against Mold and Yeast Phases of
Talaromyces marneffei
Authors: Zhang Jing , Liu Hongfang , Xi Liyan , Chang Yun C. , Kwon-Chung Kyung J. , Seyedmousavi Seyedmojtaba
Published: March 2021

In vitro
antifungal susceptibility profiling of 32 clinical and environmental
Talaromyces marneffei
isolates recovered from southern China was performed against olorofim and 7 other systemic antifungals, including amphotericin B, 5-flucytosine, posaconazole, voriconazole, caspofungin, and terbinafine, using CLSI methodology. In comparison, olorofim was the most active antifungal agent against both mold and yeast phases of all tested
Talaromyces marneffei
isolates, exhibiting an MIC range, MIC
50
, and MIC
90
of 0.0005 to 0.002 μg/ml, 0.0005 μg/ml, and 0.0005 μg/ml, respectively.
Two-Component Signaling Systems Regulate Diverse Virulence-Associated Traits in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Wang Benjamin X. , Cady Kyle C. , Oyarce Gerardo C. , Ribbeck Katharina , Laub Michael T.
Published: March 2021

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
can grow and survive under a wide range of conditions, including as a human pathogen. As such,
P. aeruginosa
must be able to sense and respond to diverse signals and cues in its environment.
Quantitative analysis of the sedimentary architecture of eolian successions developed under icehouse and greenhouse climatic conditions
Authors: Cosgrove Grace I.E. , Colombera Luca , Mountney Nigel P.
Published: March 2021

The continental terrestrial record preserves an archive of how ancient sedimentary systems respond to and record changes in global climate. A database-driven quantitative assessment reveals differences in the preserved sedimentary architectures of siliciclastic eolian systems with broad geographic and stratigraphic distribution that developed under icehouse versus greenhouse climatic conditions. Over 5600 geological entities, including architectural elements, facies, sediment textures, and bounding surfaces, have been analyzed from 34 eolian systems of Paleoproterozoic to Cenozoic ages. Statistical analyses have been performed on the abundance, composition, preserved thickness, and arrangement of different eolian lithofacies, architectural elements, and bounding surfaces. Results demonstrate that preserved sedimentary architectures of icehouse and greenhouse systems differ markedly. Eolian dune, sand sheet, and interdune architectural elements that accumulated under icehouse conditions are significantly thinner relative to their greenhouse counterparts; this is observed across all basin settings, supercontinents, geological ages, and dune field physiographic settings. However, this difference between icehouse and greenhouse eolian systems is exclusively observed for paleolatitudes <30°, which suggests that climate-induced changes in the strength and circulation patterns of trade winds may have partly controlled eolian sand accumulation. These changes acted in combination with variations in water table levels, sand supply, and sand transport, ultimately influencing the nature of long-term sediment preservation. During icehouse episodes, Milankovitch cyclicity resulted in deposits typified by glacial accumulation and interglacial deflation. Greenhouse conditions promoted the accumulation of eolian elements into the geological record due to elevated water tables and biogenic- and chemical-stabilizing agents, which could protect deposits from wind-driven deflation. In the context of a rapidly changing climate, the results presented here can help predict the impact of climate change on Earth surface processes.
Supplemental Material: Detrital zircon record of Phanerozoic magmatism in the southern Central Andes
Authors: Capaldi T.N. , al. et
Published: March 2021

Text S1: Analytical metadata. Table S2: Pleistocene–Holocene Andean volcanos and slab geometry. Table S3: Pleistocene–Holocene volcanic arc width and melt depth calculations. Table S4: Bedrock geochronology and location compilation. Table S5: Mesozoic–Cenozoic slab angle calculations. Table S6: Detrital zircon U-Th-Pb data. Table S7: Detrital zircon Hf data. Table S8: Detrital zircon U-Th-Pb data compilation. Table S9: Zircon Lu-Hf data compilation.
Supplemental Material: Late Pleistocene–Holocene flood history, flood-sediment provenance and human imprints from the upper Indus River catchment, Ladakh Himalaya
Authors: Sharma Choudhurimayum Pankaj , Srivastava Pradeep
Published: March 2021

Figure S1: (A) Infrared Stimulated Luminescence (IRSL) of LD-1818 exhibiting feldspar contamination. (B) IRSL counts of all samples after complete etching including LD-1818 after re-etching. (C) Optical Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) decay curves of all samples; Figure S2: (A) Pre heat test (dotted line represents 220 °C plateau) and (B) Dose recovery test of LD-3170; Figure S3: OSL characteristics of LD-2011. (A) Probably distribution of ED all discs and (B) Sensitivity corrected luminescence growth curve; Figure S4: Radial plot of all OSL samples with ages; Table S1: Elemental, isotopic and age details of detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology of paleoflood deposits.
Report of ventricular fibrillation in a 44-year-old man using kratom
Authors: Sheikh Maaz , Ahmed Navid , Gandhi Himali , Chen On
Published: March 2021

Kratom is an unregulated kappa-opioid receptor agonist available for order on the internet that is used as a remedy for chronic pain. We present a case of a middle-aged man who suffered a cardiac arrest in the setting of kratom ingestion.
Traumatic compression fractures in thoracic-lumbar junction: vertebroplasty vs conservative management in a prospective controlled trial
Authors: D'Oria Salvatore , Dibenedetto Mariagrazia , Squillante Eleonora , Somma Carlo , Hannan Cathal John , Giraldi David , Fanelli Vincenzo
Published: March 2021

Background

Both surgery and conservative management are well established treatments for compression fractures of the thoraco-lumbar spine without neurological compromise. This article aims to compare the outcomes of conservative management to those of vertebroplasty, a relatively safe and simple procedure.

Methods

102 patients were admitted to our neurosurgical unit between January 2012 and February 2016, presenting with a single-level, post-traumatic A1 or A2 Mager l type fracture, affecting the thoracic-lumbar spine without any neurological deficits. After description of both treatment options, the patients were asked to choose between vertebroplasty or conservative treatment. Accordingly, the patients were allocated into two groups and a prospective non-randomized controlled trial was carried out. The first group (Group A) included 52 patients, treated with bed rest and an orthosis. The second group (Group B) of 50 patients underwent a percutaneous vertebroplasty. Pain intensity (assessed via visual analog scale (VAS)), disability degree (assessed via Oswestry Disability Index), ability to resume work (assessed via Denis work Scale), vertebral body height loss rate, regional kyphosis angle (Cobb’s angle), duration of hospitalization and treatment-associated complications, were prospectively recorded in a database and analyzed. Follow ups were planned at 1, 6, and 12 months after the injury.

Results

Group B, compared with group A, showed a faster improvement in VAS score as well as functional ability and return to work. Cobb’s angle progression was significantly less in the surgical group. Morbidity, mortality, and complication rate were similar and comparable in both groups without a statistical difference (P<0.05)

Conclusions

Vertebroplasty is a safe and effective treatment in post-traumatic thoracic-lumbar fractures compared with conservative management.
Ground semi-physical simulation experiment study of one-dimensional drag-free control
Authors: Zhang Chu , He Jianwu , Chen Mingwei , Duan Li , Kang Qi ,   On behalf of The Taiji Scientific Collaboration
Published: March 2021

Drag-free control is one of the key technologies for the verification of Taiji-1 satellite. In the direction of sensitive axis, the drag-free controller receives the measurement signal from the high-precision gravitational reference sensor on the satellite, and instructs the micro-thruster system to counteract the disturbance force acting on the sensitive axis, so that the microgravity level in the sensing axis direction of the satellite can reach the order of 10[Formula: see text] m/s2 in the measurement band. In order to fully verify the drag-free control system, a ground one-dimensional drag-free semi-physical simulation system is built to simulate the performance of various payloads in the drag-free control loop, and to verify the performance and technical targets that the drag-free control system can achieve in the ground control loop. Through the small angle approximation, the equivalent relationship between the rotation of the experimental model and the translational motion of the experimental satellite in the direction of drag-free is demonstrated. In the condition of neglecting the stiffness and damping of the suspended pendulum, the parameters of the suspended pendulum are designed according to the principle of equal acceleration, and their effectiveness is verified by numerical simulation. According to the operation mode of on orbit drag-free control, the ground drag-free experimental scheme and drag-free controller are designed, and the experimental research and verification are carried out. The results show that the controller can effectively control the displacement and acceleration of the experimental model, and also can effectively suppress the disturbance of certain amplitude and frequency.
Testing, modeling and estimation of Taiji-1’s in-orbit magnetic parameters
Authors: Shi Xingjian , Cai Zhiming ,   On behalf of The Taiji Scientific Collaboration
Published: March 2021

Taiji-1’s in-orbit magnetic property is significant for the improvement of the satellite’s attitude-control performance and the acceleration noise model of gravitational reference sensor. Test data of satellite drifts have been used to construct the model including interaction among the magnetic field; remnant magnetic moment and induced magnetic moment so as to estimate the satellite’s magnetic property. Using the global optimization method, the remnant magnetic moment of Taiji-1 is estimated to be (-1.42 -0.19 -0.06) Am2.
Local Optimization for Robust Signed Distance Field Collision
Authors: Macklin Miles , Erleben Kenny , Müller Matthias , Chentanez Nuttapong , Jeschke Stefan , Corse Zach
Published: March 2021

Signed distance fields (SDFs) are a popular shape representation for collision detection. This is due to their query efficiency, and the ability to provide robust inside/outside information. Although it is straightforward to test points for interpenetration with an SDF, it is not clear how to extend this to continuous surfaces, such as triangle meshes. In this paper, we propose a per-element local optimization to find the closest points between the SDF isosurface and mesh elements. This allows us to generate accurate contact points between sharp point-face pairs, and handle smoothly varying edge-edge contact. We compare three numerical methods for solving the local optimization problem: projected gradient descent, Frank-Wolfe, and golden-section search. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of our method to a wide range of scenarios including collision of simulated cloth, rigid bodies, and deformable solids.
Quadratic Approximation of Cubic Curves
Authors: Truong Nghia , Yuksel Cem , Seiler Larry
Published: March 2021

We present a simple degree reduction technique for piecewise cubic polynomial splines, converting them into piecewise quadratic splines that maintain the parameterization and C1 continuity. Our method forms identical tangent directions at the interpolated data points of the piecewise cubic spline by replacing each cubic piece with a pair of quadratic pieces. The resulting representation can lead to substantial performance improvements for rendering geometrically complex spline models like hair and fiber-level cloth. Such models are typically represented using cubic splines that are C1-continuous, a property that is preserved with our degree reduction. Therefore, our method can also be considered a new quadratic curve construction approach for high-performance rendering. We prove that it is possible to construct a pair of quadratic curves with C1 continuity that passes through any desired point on the input cubic curve. Moreover, we prove that when the pair of quadratic pieces corresponding to a cubic piece have equal parametric lengths, they join exactly at the parametric center of the cubic piece, and the deviation in positions due to degree reduction is minimized.
Post-Render Warp with Late Input Sampling Improves Aiming Under High Latency Conditions
Authors: Kim Joohwan , Knowles Pyarelal , Spjut Josef , Boudaoud Ben , Mcguire Morgan
Published: March 2021

End-to-end latency in remote-rendering systems can reduce user task performance. This notably includes aiming tasks on game streaming services, which are presently below the standards of competitive first-person desktop gaming. We evaluate the latency-induced penalty on task completion time in a controlled environment and show that it can be significantly mitigated by adopting and modifying image and simulation-warping techniques from virtual reality, eliminating up to 80% of the penalty from 80 ms of added latency. This has potential to enable remote rendering for esports and increase the effectiveness of remote-rendered content creation and robotic teleoperation. We provide full experimental methodology, analysis, implementation details, and source code.
Exploration of Intersectionality and Computer Science Demographics
Authors: Lunn Stephanie , Zahedi Leila , Ross Monique , Ohland Matthew
Published: March 2021

Although computing occupations have some of the greatest projected growth rates, there remains a deficit of graduates in these fields. The struggle to engage enough students to meet demands is particularly pronounced for groups already underrepresented in computing, specifically, individuals that self-identify as a woman, or as Black, Hispanic/Latinx, or Native American. Prior studies have begun to examine issues surrounding engagement and retention, but more understanding is needed to close the gap, and to broaden participation. In this research, we provide quantitative evidence from the Multiple-Institution Database for Investigating Engineering Longitudinal Development—a longitudinal, multi-institutional database to describe participation trends of marginalized groups in computer science. Using descriptive statistics, we present the enrollment and graduation rates for those situated at the intersection of race/ethnicity and gender between 1987 and 2018. In this work, we observed periods of significant flux for Black men and women, and White women in particular, and consistently low participation of Hispanic/Latinx and Native American men and women, and Asian women. To provide framing for the evident peaks and valleys in participation, we applied historical context analysis to describe the political, economic, and social factors and events that may have impacted each group. These results put a spotlight on populations largely overlooked in statistical work and have the potential to inform educators, administrators, and researchers about how enrollments and graduation rates have changed over time in computing fields. In addition, they offer insight into potential causes for the vicissitudes, to encourage more equal access for all students going forward.
FACTS-IR
Authors: Olteanu Alexandra , Garcia-Gathright Jean , de Rijke Maarten , Ekstrand Michael D. , Roegiest Adam , Lipani Aldo , Beutel Alex , Olteanu Alexandra , Lucic Ana , Stoica Ana-Andreea , Das Anubrata , Biega Asia , Voorn Bart , Hauff Claudia , Spina Damiano , Lewis David , Oard Douglas W. , Yilmaz Emine , Hasibi Faegheh , Kazai Gabriella , McDonald Graham , Haned Hinda , Ounis Iadh , van der Linden Ilse , Garcia-Gathright Jean , Baan Joris , Lau Kamuela N. , Balog Krisztian , de Rijke Maarten , Sayed Mahmoud , Panteli Maria , Sanderson Mark , Lease Matthew , Ekstrand Michael D. , Lahoti Preethi , Kamishima Toshihiro
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the SIGIR 2019 workshop on Fairness, Accountability, Confidentiality, Transparency, and Safety (FACTS-IR) was to explore challenges in responsible information retrieval system development and deployment. To this end, the workshop aimed to crowd-source from the larger SIGIR community and draft an actionable research agenda on five key dimensions of responsible information retrieval: fairness, accountability, confidentiality, transparency, and safety. Such an agenda can guide others in the community that are interested in pursuing FACTS-IR research, as well as inform potential funders about relevant research avenues. The workshop brought together a diverse set of researchers and practitioners interested in contributing to the development of a technical research agenda for responsible information retrieval.
What does good look like?
Authors: Huibers Theo , Landoni Monica , Pera Maria Soledad , Fails Jerry Alan , Murgia Emiliana , Kucirkova Natalia
Published: March 2021

This short review discusses the outcomes of the 3

rd

Workshop of the
International and Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Children & Recommender and Information Retrieval Systems (KidRec 2019)
, co-located with the 2019 ACM Interaction Design and Children (IDC) Conference, which took place June 12-15 in Boise, Idaho, USA. The goal for the workshop was to explore the characteristics of a "good" information retrieval system for children. The diversity of attendees - including industry representatives, undergraduate and graduate students, and senior scholars in various areas of computer science - made it possible to continue to build community around this important topic and further discuss and outline the salient concerns and the next steps to promote further exploration in this area.
A 2020 Observational Perspective of Io
Authors: de Pater Imke , Keane James T. , de Kleer Katherine , Davies Ashley Gerard
Published: March 2021

Jupiter's Galilean satellite Io is one of the most remarkable objects in our Solar System. The tidal heating Io undergoes through its orbital resonance with Europa and Ganymede has resulted in a body rich in active silicate volcanism. Over the past decades, Io has been observed from ground-based and Earth-orbiting telescopes and by several spacecraft. In this review we summarize the progress made toward our understanding of the physical and chemical processes related to Io and its environment since the Galileo era. Io science has been revolutionized by the use of adaptive optics techniques on large, 8- to 10-m telescopes. The resultant ever-increasing database, mapping the size, style, and spatial distribution of Io's diverse volcanoes, has improved our understanding of Io's interior structure, its likely composition, and the tidal heating process. Additionally, new observations of Io's atmosphere obtained with these large optical/infrared telescopes and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array reveal the presence of volcanic plumes, the (at times) near-collapse of Io's atmosphere during eclipse, and the interactions of plumes with the sublimation atmosphere. ▪  Extensive new data sets of Io at ultraviolet, mid- to near-infrared, and radio wavelengths have been gathered since the Galileo era. ▪  New data and models inform us about tidal heating, surface properties, and magma composition across Io—although key questions remain. ▪  Atmospheric observations indicate a dominant sublimation-supported component and reinforce the presence of stealth volcanism. ▪  Observations of volcanic plumes show high gas velocities (up to ∼1 km/s) and their effect on Io's atmosphere.