bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and experiment of magnetostrictive-electromagnetic hybrid floor vibration energy harvester
Authors: Liu Huifang , Wang Chao , Zhao Luyao , Chang Yunlong , Gao Yifei , Ren Teng
Published: October 2024

This paper proposes using a magnetostrictive-electromagnetic hybrid floor vibration energy harvester (MEHH), which employs the Villari effect and Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction. This harvester can generate three output voltages simultaneously when subjected to the same vibration source, and it can supply power to multiple microelectronic devices simultaneously, thereby enhancing the efficiency of vibrational energy harvesting. The magnetostrictive component (MH) utilizes a rod-shaped Terfenol-D as the core element. A two-stage force amplification mechanism has been incorporated to amplify and process the input force generated by the vibration source and apply it to both ends of the Terfenol-D rod to enhance energy conversion efficiency. An optimization analysis of the primary mechanism’s dimensions was conducted to determine the final optimized dimensions and obtain a force magnification of 24.01. The electromagnetic section (EH) has a permanent magnet as the core element, and the central mover, which consists of the permanent magnet, floats up and down in the axial direction inside the hollow tube. The flux density generated by different forms of central movers is simulated and studied to determine the optimal arrangement of the central movers. During the experiment, the MEHH was excited by 240 N, the peak voltage of MH output reached 2.66 V, and the maximum power generated by the matched load resistor reached 334 mW. The peak voltage of EH output reached 1.59 V, and the maximum power generated by the matched load resistor reached 45.1 mW.
Simulation and theory for wiring compaction of robot skin tactile sensor by frequency-selective triboelectric-piezoelectric filters
Authors: Ramezani Amir Hossein , Mirdamadi Hamid Reza , Salmani-Tehrani Mahdi
Published: October 2024

Robots are increasingly equipped with different sensors to better identify things and interact with their environment. One such sensor is the ability to sense and receive information through touch. A significant challenge in designing tactile sensors is to create a larger and more complex network of electrical connections to cover larger partitioned surface areas, necessitating a more compaction for electrical connections. In this study, we try to reduce the number of these array connections by designing a novel triboelectric-piezoelectric pressure sensors that will function as electromechanical frequency-selective filters. The sensor cell units are created in the form of various disk-shape layers with a basic double-lamina layers, a triboelectric lamina placed over a piezoelectric lamina. The triboelectric layer, being soft, is used for static pressure measurement and more sensitivity enhancement. In addition, an electromechanical frequency-selective filter is generated by altering geometric dimensions of that lamina, such as the radius and/or thickness. An applied pressure is calculated by measuring the electric current and the cell unit admittance. The advantage of using piezo-layer geometric manipulation for generating different operating resonant frequencies is that it is a simpler design task as compared to alter the cell electrical properties, which is the focus of previous research. In this work, a theoretical model and numerical simulations are employed to obtain the electromechanical admittance of a set of three unit cell tactile sensors.
Review of Yu–Shiba–Rusinov bound state in quantum impurity structures: basic principle and current progress
Authors: Wang Jia-Ning , Peng Tan , Chen Xiao-Dan , Hou Yong-Dan , Yang Jun-Tao , Shang Hao , Nan Nan , Xiong Yong-Chen , Liu Wu-Ming
Published: October 2024

Magnetic impurities connected to superconductors reservoir result in bound states within the superconducting gap, so called Yu–Shiba–Rusinov (YSR) state. In the past few years, this field has gained much attention since it is crucial for engineering novel superconducting many-body states, with the perspective of manufacturing Majorana Fermions. The underlying physical picture of YSR state depends closely on the form of the impurities connected to the leads, the manner in which the impurities are organized, and also the diverse local interactions, which is always disclosed with the aid of quantum impurity models. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the progress achieved by previous studies, focusing on the issues demonstrated by quantum impurity structures. The physical mechanisms and the related phenomena assisted by different interactions are discussed in detail. Furthermore, a comprehensive overview of recent experimental achievements is presented, using various metal phthalocyanine molecules as illustrative examples, thereby establishing a robust foundation for future inquiries in this domain.
Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy study on kagome superconductor AV3Sb5 (A = K, Rb, Cs)
Authors: Cai Yongqing , Hao Zhanyang , Wang Le , Wang Yuan , Liu Yixuan , Mei Jia-Wei , Wang Jianfeng , Chen Chaoyu
Published: October 2024

The recently discovered kagome superconductors AV3Sb5 (A= K, Rb, Cs) provide a new platform to explore intertwined symmetry-breaking orders. However, great controversies exist to date, including the origin of charge density wave (CDW), the unconventional or conventional nature of superconductivity, and the presence or absence of time-reversal symmetry breaking. A thorough understanding of the fundamental electronic structure is crucial for addressing these disputes. In this review, we provide an extensive summary of the key structural and electronic properties of AV3Sb5 compounds and evaluate the current research on their unconventional electronic order, especially the superconductivity and CDW, with a particular focus on insights from angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy studies. We expect this review to be timely due to the convergence of various experimentally observed phenomena related to the CDW and superconducting order parameters in AV3Sb5 compounds. Our goal is to guide future investigations aimed at uncovering the microscopic origins of these unconventional electronic properties in kagome superconductors.
Eurasian lynx optimizer: a novel metaheuristic optimization algorithm for global optimization and engineering applications
Authors: Wang Xiaowei
Published: October 2024

Meta-heuristic algorithms, despite advancements, still face challenges in universally optimizing solutions across various problem domains. There is a persistent need for algorithms that can demonstrate superior performance in both theoretical benchmarks and real-world applications. This research aims to introduce a novel optimization algorithm, the Eurasian Lynx Optimizer (ELO), inspired by the adaptive hunting and survival strategies of the Eurasian lynx, targeting enhanced convergence accuracy and robustness. The ELO algorithm integrates a suite of innovative strategies mirroring the lynx's behavior, including prey pursuit, predator evasion, and adaptive movement patterns. It operates through a three-phase iterative process: exploration, exploration & exploitation, and exploitation, each utilizing distinct search mechanisms. These stages incorporate strategies like direct prey attack, enemy evasion, differential mutation, Lévy Flight, Gaussian mutation, and population consolidation. Comprehensive evaluations against ten state-of-the-art algorithms on 63 benchmark functions across CEC2014, CEC2017, and CEC2019 sets revealed that ELO achieved the best solution in 81% of cases. It consistently ranked first with averages of 1.6, 1.0, and 1.4 across respective benchmark sets, showcasing superior performance. Furthermore, ELO successfully tackled four constrained engineering design optimization problems, validating its practical utility.
Theoretical improvement of the energy conversion efficiency of an AZO/CdTe heterojunction solar cell to over 27% by incorporating FeSi2 as a second absorber layer
Authors: Medina José Carlos Zepeda , Andrés Enrique Rosendo , Espinosa Eduardo Camacho , Ruíz Crisóforo Morales , Yarce Leticia Treviño , Isasmendi Reina Galeazzi , Trujillo Román Romano , Salgado Godofredo García , Solis Antonio Coyopol
Published: October 2024

This paper presents the numerical analysis of cadmium telluride (CdTe) based solar cells using iron di silicide (FeSi2) as the second absorber layer and aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) as the window layer. The photovoltaic performance of solar cells with Al/AZO/CdTe/FeSi2/Ni structure was analyzed and improved by SCAPS-1D software. When analyzing the influence of thickness and carrier concentration on the photovoltaic performance, it was found that the optimum values for the CdTe layer were 300 nm and 1015 cm−3, for the AZO layer they were 10 nm and 1018 cm−3, while for the FeSi2 layer they were 1 μm and 1018 cm−3. The defect density (Nt) at the AZO/CdTe and CdTe/FeSi2 interfaces was also analyzed, obtaining that the optimum value of Nt is 1010 cm−2 at both interfaces. Device optimization is achieved by obtaining a maximum Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) of 27.22% with an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.63 V, a short circuit current density (Jsc) of 51.43 mA cm−2 and a fill factor (FF) of 83.06%, which makes FeSi2 a potential alternative for the development of CdTe-based solar cells due to its absorption of photons with lower energy wavelengths.
A new inverted Pham distribution for data modeling of mechanical components and diamond in South-West Africa
Authors: Alqasem Ohud A , Nassar Mazen , Elmahi Abd Elwahab Maysaa , Elshahhat Ahmed
Published: October 2024

This work proposes a new statistical distribution that can fit real-world data more accurately than many other existing models. The new distribution, which has one scale and one shape parameter, is called an inverted Pham distribution. It can model data with upside-down bathtub or decreasing hazard rate shapes. Order statistics and moments are two of the primary characteristics of the inverted Pham distributions that are examined. Eight classical estimation methods are considered to estimate the model parameters. To investigate the accuracy of the various estimation methodologies, a simulation study is conducted. Based on the criteria of mean square error, mean absolute bias, and mean relative error, the numerical results demonstrated that the maximum likelihood estimates, followed by the maximum product of spacing estimates, outperformed other classical estimation methods. By looking at two actual data sets, one based on failure times of mechanical components and the other consisting of diamond size distribution in South-West Africa, the appropriateness of the inverted Pham model and how it compares with some competitive models are demonstrated. The results of two applications based on some goodness of fit criteria, including Akaike information, Anderson-Darling, Cramér-von Mises, and Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistics, showed that the inverted Pham distribution outperformed commonly used distributions like inverted Lomax, inverted Chen, inverted Weibull, inverted gamma, inverted Nadarajah-Haghighi, inverted exponentiated Pareto, generalized inverted exponential, exponentiated inverted exponential, and generalized inverted half-logistic when analyzing real data sets.
Interstitial incorporation of Fe3+ and Fe2+ into ZnO crystal lattice: tailoring their physical properties for spintronics and photocatalytic applications
Authors: Fatima Ghania , Ishaque Muhammad Zahid , Zaman Yasir , Siddique Abu Bakar , Shahzad Muhammad , Zaman Hira , Nawaz Saqib , Ali Daoud
Published: October 2024

Mixing of industrial waste water effluents with fresh water reservoirs without prior removal of pollutants is major cause of concern for healthy aquatic life. Therefore, remediation of pollutants in waste water by suitable photocatalyst is an interesting area to alleviate water pollution. Many photocatalyst have been designed recently but there is still gap to synthesize the optimized energy bandgap material with high efficiency to degrade organic dyes in shortest time. Hence, sunlight driven doped ZnO materials, i.e., Zn1−xFexO (x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06) photocatalysts were designed. The effect of Fe concentration on the structural, morphological, optical, electrical, and magnetic properties was studied. The hexagon-shaped wurtzite structure of ZnO NPs was verified by the x-ray Diffraction and calculated average crystallite size was ∼25 nm which vary with dopant concentration. The EDX results of Zn1−xFexO showed the 100% purity of Zn1−xFexO samples. With the increase of Fe concentration, a slight decrease of energy bandgap (3.10 to 3.02 eV) was observed. FTIR spectra showed the presence of Zn-O and Fe-O bonds in the samples. The effect of Fe doping in ZnO also showed the variation in dielectric properties and ac conductivity of samples. Hysteresis curves were plotted which exhibit room temperature ferromagnetic (RTFM) behavior. 2 mol% Fe doped ZnO sample retained highest saturation magnetization of 11.2 emu g−1. All samples exhibit above 90% degradation of methylene blue in just 90 min exposure to sunlight.
Design of 2.45 GHz rectenna based on high-gain 2-element array antenna and 7-stage voltage-doubler rectifier for energy harvesting applications
Authors: Omara Fayrouz A , Ali Wael A E , Eltrass Ahmed S , Abbasy Nabil H
Published: October 2024

This paper proposes a new design of a 2.45 GHz compact rectenna for ambient RF energy harvesting, presenting a complete energy harvesting system. The proposed rectenna design features a two-element antenna array with high gain and a novel voltage-doubler configuration. The two-element antenna array is fabricated on Rogers RT/Duroid-5880 substrate, utilizing a rectangular microstrip patch antenna fed by a symmetric 50 Ω coplanar line. The antenna’s performance is tested numerically and experimentally in terms of return loss (S11) and radiation patterns. The results show excellent matching bandwidth at 2.45 GHz with a high gain of 7.03 dBi, providing a reasonable agreement between measurement and simulation results. The rectenna design employs a 7-stage voltage doubler rectifier that generates a dynamic DC voltage and improves the circuit’s reliability and performance. The receiving antenna and the rectifier are connected via a single L-section, comprising a shunt capacitor and a series inductor, for impedance matching, resulting in size reduction. The rectifier exhibits a peak simulated power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 75% and a measured efficiency of 60% at an input power of 20 dBm. The rectenna yields a high output DC voltage of 4.9 V at an input power of 13 dBm with a resistive load of 1 kΩ. These results reveal that the proposed 2.45 GHz rectenna is a suitable candidate for RF energy harvesting applications in low-power sensors and electronic devices.
Design and performance investigation of tunnel-FET based energy efficient approximate and accurate adders targeted towards low power IoT nodes
Authors: Chowdhury Joy , Mahapatra Kamalakanta , Sarkar Angsuman , Das J K , Kloes Alexander
Published: October 2024

The proliferation of IoT enabled SoCs in state-of-the-art consumer electronics has necessitated the use of beyond CMOS devices for the energy efficient computations and sensing design space. In the low supply voltage (VDD) regime, Tunnel FETs (TFETs) have shown serious potential at VDD less than 0.5 V. However, the inherent structure, characteristic interband tunneling and enhance Miller capacitance in TFETs do not allow the conventional CMOS logic design styles to be universally used for TFET based logic circuits. In this paper, we propose three energy efficient and novel TFET based accurate adder circuits namely, Static Energy Recovery Full adder (SERF), Complementary and Level Restoring Carry Logic Full adder (CLRCL) and Balanced Restoring Carry Logic full adder (BRCL) based on constituent TFET based functional units which do not use the CMOS design style. Further, novel approximate adders have been developed for energy efficient implementation in IoT nodes. The BRCL adder consumes approximately 60% less area and 85.36% and 89.6% less energy in comparison to SERF and CLRCL respectively. The approximate adders in the best and worst case facilitate approximately 92% and 75% savings in area and consumes 71% less power than the BRCL adder. When compared to the standard UMC 45 nm bulk MOSFET based designs, the TFET based accurate adders operate at 25% less energy while the approximate adders consume 40% less. All the circuit simulations have been performed using Spectre Simulator of Cadence and device characterization using 2D-TCAD tool.
The synergistic effects on the magnetic CoNi and Fe3O4 nanoparticles co-embedded porous carbon toward enhanced microwave absorbing performance
Authors: Fu Guangming , He Jun , Yan Shuoqing , He Longhui , Shan Dongyong
Published: October 2024

Lightweight and environmentally friendly three-dimensional biomass-derived porous carbon (3D BPC) holds great potential as a highly effective material for microwave absorption (MA) applications. However, the high complex permittivity and lack of magnetic loss in a single 3D BPC lead to impedance mismatching and a limited absorption bandwidth. Developing 3D BPC–based absorbers with multiple loss mechanisms and excellent impedance matching remains a notable yet challenging task. In this study, inspired by a synergistic composition and microstructure design, 3D BPC co-embedded with magnetic cobalt–nickel (CoNi) and iron(III) oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (3D BPC@CoNi@Fe3O4) was developed. 3D BPC@CoNi@Fe3O4 exhibited consistently low complex permittivity, primarily due to the suppression of conductive loss, whereas the introduction of magnetic phases (CoNi and Fe3O4) enhanced the magnetic loss. Optimised impedance matching, achieved through the synergistic regulation of the electromagnetic parameters, emerged as the key mechanism for improving the MA properties. The as-synthesised 3D BPC@CoNi@Fe3O4 composite, with only 20 wt.% loading demonstrated a wide effective absorption bandwidth (reflection loss [RL] < −10 dB) of 6.08 GHz and an impressive minimum RL value of −40.08 dB. These findings offer valuable insights into the development of high-performance 3D BPC–based microwave absorbers through composition and microstructure optimisation.
Solving superconducting quantum circuits in Dirac's constraint analysis framework*
Authors: Pandey Akshat , Ghosh Subir
Published: October 2024

In this work we exploit Dirac's Constraint Analysis (DCA) in Hamiltonian formalism to study different types of Superconducting Quantum Circuits (SQC) in a unified way. The Lagrangian of a SQC reveals the constraints, that are classified in a Hamiltonian framework, such that redundant variables can be removed to isolate the canonical degrees of freedom for subsequent quantization of the Dirac Brackets via a generalized Correspondence Principle. This purely algebraic approach makes the application of concepts such as graph theory, null vector, loop charge, etc that are in vogue, (each for a specific type of circuit), completely redundant. The universal validity of DCA scheme in SQC, proposed by us, is demonstrated by correctly re-deriving existing results for different SQCs, obtained previously exploiting different formalisms each applicable for a specific SQC. Furthermore, we have also analysed and predicted new results for a generic form of SQC - it will be interesting to see its validation in an explicit circuit implementation.
Research on the prediction of material removal and over-grinding optimization for abrasive flow machining of 3D printed right-angle bends
Authors: Lv Yifan , Wang Kun , Li Fangqi , Wang Weicheng , Zhang Jifeng , Zhu Weiguang
Published: October 2024

Addressing the issue of over-grinding on the outer side of right-angle bends in abrasive flow machining due to the gradient change of abrasive inertia force, a model for predicting material removal and an optimized structure for right-angle bends, both based on abrasive flow machining, are proposed. In this paper, the 3D-printed aluminium alloy right-angle bends are used as experimental objects, and the Carreau-Yasuda equations are fitted for simulation and analysis after rheological testing of the medium used in the test. A predictive model for material removal was developed by integrating simulated channel pressure with machining cycles, and its effectiveness was validated through experiments. Using this predictive model for structural optimization of bends, an unevenly thickened optimized right-angle bend was designed. The machining tests verified the accuracy of the simulation analysis, and the over-grinding region of the right-angle bend appeared at the maximum of the pressure region in the numerical simulation. At a processing pressure of 10 MPa and cycles of 20, 60, and 100, the prediction model resulted in material removal errors of 6.94%, 8.93%, and 13.31% respectively for the outer side of the bend, indicating a good fit of the prediction model. The optimized bend designed according to the predictive model exhibited an 80.37% reduction in overall deviation at the elbow compared to conventional right-angle bends, and a 67.31% reduction in contour deviation at the area most affected by inertia forces, effectively mitigating the issue of over-grinding at the elbow. This research facilitates quantitative control of material removal in abrasive flow machining of right-angle bends and provides theoretical support for non-uniform thickness design in bends.
Research on high-quality factor sensing characteristics of all-dielectric nanopore array metasurface based on POA-DELM
Authors: Chen Ying , Li Weiqiang , Zhao Guoting , Wang Qinghui , Shi Moqing
Published: October 2024

Based on the optical properties of symmetric structures independent of each other in the orthogonal direction, an all-dielectric nano-square hole array metasurface which is symmetric along the diagonal is proposed. By changing the size of square nanopores, the symmetry of the periodic unit structure is broken and the double Fano resonance can be excited. The influence of each structural parameter on the sensing performance of the metasurface is analyzed respectively. As the main structural parameters and performance index, the metasurface height and the lengths of the main and sub-diagonal square nanoholes are selected as the input parameters, and the figure of merit (FOM) value is used as the output value. Then the nonlinear mapping relationship between the input and the output is established through deep extreme learning machine (DELM). Different optimization algorithms are used to optimize the weighted FOM values globally. The four evaluation indicators including root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and model fit (R-squared, R2) are used to assess the training effectiveness of the model. It is shown that the indexes are 0.9986, 0.9725, 3.1612 and 0.9733 respectively, and the FOM values of the dual Fano resonance after pelican optimization algorithm ( POA ) optimization are as high as 9.88 × 103 and 1.28 × 105, which demonstrate the effectiveness of POA-DELM proposed in this paper.
Ringdown amplitudes of nonspinning eccentric binaries
Authors: Carullo Gregorio
Published: October 2024

Closed-form expressions for the ringdown complex amplitudes of nonspinning unequal-mass binaries in arbitrarily eccentric orbits are presented. They are built upon 237 numerical simulations contained within the RIT catalog, through the parameterisation introduced in [Phys. Rev. Lett.132(2024) 101401]. Global fits for the complex amplitudes, associated to linear quasinormal mode frequencies of the dominant ringdown modes, are obtained in a factorised form immediately applicable to any existing quasi-circular model. Similarly to merger amplitudes, ringdown ones increase by more than 50% compared to the circular case for high impact parameters (medium eccentricities), while strongly suppressed in the low impact parameter (highly eccentric) limit. Such reduction can be explained by a transition between an “orbital-type” and an “infall-type” dynamics. The amplitudes (phases) fits accuracy lies around a few percent (deciradians) for the majority of the dataset, comparable to the accuracy of current state-of-the-art quasi-circular ringdown models, and well within current statistical errors of current LIGO-Virgo-Kagra ringdown observations. These expressions constitute another building block towards the construction of complete general relativistic inspiral-merger-ringdown semi-analytical templates, and allow to extend numerically-informed spectroscopic analyses beyond the circular limit. Such generalisations are key to achieve accurate inference of compact binaries astrophysical properties, and tame astrophysical systematics within observational investigations of strong-field general relativistic dynamics.
Repeatability of a primary thermometer and calibration of resistance thermometers between 5 K and 25 K
Authors: Zhang Haiyang , Song Yaonan , Kong Xiangjie , Gao Bo , Plimmer Mark , Pitre Laurent
Published: October 2024

This work describes improvements to our Single Pressure Refractive-Index Gas Thermometry (SPRIGT) system (Gao et al 2020 Metrologia
57 065006), where a new experimental procedure for Constant Refractive-Index Gas Thermometry (CRIGT) was proposed and implemented, and after 2.5 years new values of T–T
90 obtained in the temperature range from 5 K to 25 K. Comparison results indicate that our SPRIGT system is robust with excellent repeatability, reliability, and stability. Not only is the uncertainty in thermodynamic temperature T still below 0.17 mK, but also good reproducibility of T
90 (temperature of the 1990 International Temperature Scale), T and T–T
90 is observed with values of 21 μK, 28 μK and 35 μK, respectively. Furthermore, we have implemented direct dissemination of thermodynamic temperature T by establishing our own thermodynamic temperature wire scale under the new International System of Units (SI) from 5 K to 25 K. The remarkable agreement further enhances our confidence on SPRIGT for implementing the redefined kelvin below 25 K, disseminating thermodynamic temperature T, and ultimately partaking in an international comparison of thermodynamic temperature via highly stable resistance thermometers.
Characteristic of temporal light modulation reference meter and standard light source for calibration and verification
Authors: Weiqiang Zhao , Jinyun Yan , Hui Liu , Ying Su
Published: October 2024

The measurement of the temporal light modulation (TLM) of a light source is gaining increasing importance owing to its detrimental effects on human vision and health. To establish traceability in TLM measurements, the National Institute of Metrology, China (NIM), established a TLM reference meter (TLMM) and standard TLM light source (STLS) for calibration and verification services. The TLMM and STLS employ detector- and source-based approaches, respectively, to define the standards for TLM quantities. The TLMM rapidly acquires light waveform data from the TLM light sources and calculates corresponding TLM quantities. Frequency calibration result is with an expanded uncertainty of 1 × 10−5, frequency response function is almost flat in range of 1 kHz–25 kHz, and response time is less than 8 × 10−6 s. The electrical noise was evaluated at approximately 1000:1–5000:1. The STLS generates an arbitrary TLM waveform by converting the virtual waveform into an actual LED output light waveform. For the frequency response function, the relative amplitude decreased by 1% with a frequency of 15 kHz, and response time was less than 5 × 10−6 s. The linearity of the frequency dependency was studied with ratio varied by approximately 0.19% when the periodic triangle excitation in frequency band from 1 Hz to 1 kHz. Experimental comparisons demonstrated that TLM quantities (frequency, percentage flicker, flicker index, short-term flicker severity

P

st

LM

, and stroboscopic effect visibility measure (

SVM

)) are consistent between the TLMM and STLS devices on 14 typical TLM waveforms. For

P

st

LM

, most of the deviations were in the range of −0.019–0.079 (except for one with 0.182). For

SVM

, most of the deviations were in the range of −0.001–0.003 (except for one with 0.014).
An Experimental Study on E-Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy with Nano-Silica for an Aircraft Structural Applications
Authors: Nagaraj Goud B. , Vyshnavi Vangari , Nandhishwari A. , Govinda Rahul S.
Published: October 2024

E-Glass composites have been broadly beneficial in various aerospace structural applications including aircraft, space vehicles and other automobiles applications etc. The advantage of using polymer-based composites are significance in the aircraft structural components such as fuselages, wings and tail sections etc, due to high resistance to corrosion, high specific strength, lightweight in structure, better tensile strength, ability to withstand relatively high temperatures, stiffness, and relatively low cost. A technique has been developed to enhance the strength of the 2D plain woven E-Glass fabric laminated composite under compression molding techniques and material cutting process will be performed by using CNC Milling machine. It will improve the structural stability with an accurate shape and size of the composite during the fabrication and provides the better binding properties. An attempt is made in this project work to compare the testing of composite with and without the inclusion of silica nanoparticle of composite laminated and material characterization will be performed including the response of the tensile strength, flexural strength tests will be conducted. Furthermore, experimental study results will be compared with the computational studies.
Metamaterial Antenna for Wireless Systems
Authors: Vijetha T. , Karthik Reddy G. , Haribabu K. , Sridhar B.
Published: October 2024

Metamaterials (from the Greek meta, which means “beyond”) are synthetic materials that have electromagnetic properties that are not present in naturally occurring materials. Glass, diamond, and other “natural” materials have featured such as positive electrical permittivity, magnetic permeability, and an index of refraction. Metamaterials are typically made up of a number of identical elements made from common materials such as metal or non - conducting materials. Consider a Rubik’s cube made up of millions of components and is no thicker than a human hair. Internal micro-and nanostructures, rather than the chemical composition present in natural materials, give these purposefully manufactured composite materials their features. As a result, metamaterial structures enable traits and abilities that are difficult to achieve using traditional material discovery or chemical manufacturing techniques.
Particle disseverment study in square-cylinder vortex separator by Centrifugal action in CFD
Authors: Vivek R , Venkatesh S , Satyanarayana Gupta M , Kavin Kumaar S S , Sivashri J T , Aswin G , Jagadheep A
Published: October 2024

The particle collection performance of the square and cylindrical type of cyclone separator is reviewed for the study. The fabricated setup is designed and processed by Solid works and TIG welding respectively. The geometrical variations observed in the structure of setup sequentially arranged in parallel condition of Square-Cylinder- Square-Cylinder arrangement. The significant rise in pressure drop is observed with the study for collection efficiency. The performance carried out in larger scale for the conclusive segments with the aid of variable frequency diaphragm. The speed controlling device which optimize the speed condition for the setup through blower. The centrifugal action inside the separator will impinges the fine particles away from the surface and follows the vortex patter on the middle. The coarse particles will largely collected to the bottom of the vortex and collected on the bin. The variant’s mixed configuration has a higher pressure drop and better collecting effectiveness. Only for tiny particles does the level of short circuiting particles ascend with an expansion in admission speed. There are recognizable errors in the assortment proficiency bends because of the way that when molecule size builds, the small amount of short circuiting particles declines all the more rapidly at higher admission speeds. The findings from the review research will allows to recommend the suitable arrangement setup for better collection efficiency and also provides the convene model to study of particulates.
Comparison of mechanical properties of bagasse fiber reinforced styrenic polymer composites
Authors: Verma Harsha , Palsule Sanjay
Published: October 2024

A comparison of styrenic based polymer composites with bagasse fibers (BGSAF) as reinforcement is evaluated. One method involves using the Palsule process with chemically treated polystyrene (CF-PS), while the other methods use alkali fiber treatment for High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS) composites, and both alkali and bleach fiber treatment for HIPS composites. The comparison focuses on the mechanical properties and evaluating the efficiency of BGSAF reinforcement to make better styrenic polymer composites.
Review about the Application of Biocompatible Materials in Oral Cavity Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Ram Mriganka , Jakhmola Prabhav , Deshmukh Sonali , Dhatrak Pankaj
Published: October 2024

Biomaterials play a crucial role in modern medicine because they enable patients to heal from injury or sickness and restore function. Biomaterials—natural or synthetic—are employed in health care to preserve, improve, and restore impaired tissue or biological pro-cesses. Additionally, biomaterials can be used in biocompatible medication delivery systems as carriers. Drug delivery devices composed of biocompatible materials are essential for the safest release of drugs into the mouth cavity’s target tissues. Biomaterials with drug delivery systems are most suitable applications for dental implants, surgeries, and therapies for oral dis-eases such as peri-implantitis, periodontitis, and gingivitis. Therefore, the current review article’s goal is to concentrate on the application of biocompatible materials in drug delivery systems for oral and dental illnesses. The review focuses on several delivery methods made using natural polymeric materials such as gelatin, chitosan, calcium phosphate and alginate. Additionally, several alloys are used in medication complexes for transportation purposes. Even though research on biomaterials and their use in Drug Delivery System (DDS), has a significant influence on oral medicine in several dental illnesses, there are still certain limitations to improving oral cavity issues. A potential future lies in the combination of multimodal drug delivery with biomaterials, particularly natural polymers, in the treatment of oral disorders.
Analysis of Metamaterial Integration Effects on Antenna Structures
Authors: Yechuri Sivaramakrishna , Vijay Velpula , Laxma Reddy D.
Published: October 2024

This abstract offers a concise overview of the design and deployment of antennas employing metamaterials (MTM). The integration of MTM components within antenna architectures aims to optimize radiation characteristics and other pertinent antenna parameters. To understand the advantages associated with MTM utilization, two distinct antenna configurations incorporating metasurfaces (MTS) are analysed. MTS is commonly recognized as a two-dimensional version of MTM. The initial antenna design features a truncated corner squared patch as the primary radiating element, accompanied by a non-uniform MTS positioned within the same layer. This integration extends the impedance bandwidth and introduces additional bands within the high-frequency spectrum. The second configuration entails an array antenna comprising a 4 x 4 non-uniform patch array, a quadrature phase quarter-power divider, and an air gap interspersed between them. The inclusion of MTM elements in both antenna configurations is instrumental in enhancing overall antenna performance.
Optimization of Process parameters and Evaluation of Tensile Properties of Friction Stir Welded Dissimilar Joints (AA6082:AA5083) using Traditional and Hybrid Tool Pin Profiles
Authors: Ravi Kumar B.V.R. , Venkata Ramana M. , Sreenivasa Rao M.S.
Published: October 2024

Friction stir welding (FSW) system was pondered to generate weld joints with favourable strengths. Owed to the least set of process parameters are to be monitored thru welding process, this green welding method contains visible benefits upon further welding methods. This work focuses on the effect of process parameters implied during the process of joining and orientation of the tool pin profile towards the enhancing the mechanical properties of the dissimilar weldments made with AA6082 - AA5083 aluminium alloys. This paper covers the comparative study of weld tensile properties of the weldments made by utilizing hybrid and conventional tool pin profiles. This paper also covers the optimization of the weld parameters using Taguchi method. The UTS of hybrid tool pin weldments ranges from 160.05 MPa to 213.46 MPa.
Multi-Objective Optimization in Dry Turning of Hardened 20MnCr5 Using Random Forest Model
Authors: Venkata Ramana M. , Prasad M.V.R.D. , Yugeshwar C.
Published: October 2024

Dry machining has become a viable alternative to traditional machining processes, given the various drawbacks associated with the use of cutting fluids. In this work, 20MnCr5 has been selected as workpiece material to perform a dry turning operation after it had been case-hardened up to 51 HRc. It is crucial to find the behaviour of the hardened material under dry machining as the usage industries are going toward dry machining. For the experimentation PVD coated TH1000 insert grade is utilized. Depth of cut (DoC), cutting speed (Vc) and feed (f) were the input parameters. Surface roughness (Ra), tool wear (Tw), material removal rate (MRR) and power consumption (Pc) were the performance characteristics examined after the machining process. Multi-objective optimization was performed using grey relational analysis. In multi-objective optimization, the optimal condition was achieved at 120 m/min cutting speed, 0.1 mm depth of cut and 0.1 mm/rev feed. All the machine learning models developed had an accuracy of 90%. The predicted values from machine learning models were utilised to determine the optimal condition in multi-objective optimization. The results obtained for multi-objective optimization from the random forest model were also 0.1mm/rev feed, 120m/min cutting speed and 0.1 mm depth of cut. Feed was the factor that had most influenced by 14.78% on multi-objective optimization. It was observed that the models developed had high accuracy of 86.7% and there was significant harmony between actual and predicted values.
A Review of Thermoplastic Filament Extruder Design and Fabrication Technologies
Authors: Bhanuprakash Lokasani , Kumar Harikishor
Published: October 2024

Thermoplastic filament extrusion plays a crucial role in diverse fields, particularly in 3D printing and sustainable recycling. This review delves into the design and fabrication aspects of filament extruders, highlighting key functionalities and recent advancements. We explore essential components like screws, barrels, and dies, discussing their impact on material processing and filament quality. Different fabrication methods, including machining, 3D printing, and casting, are evaluated based on their advantages and limitations for various materials and complexity levels. The review further highlights recent innovations in modular components, integrated mixing systems, and advanced control systems. We also discuss the growing adoption of sustainable practices in extruder design and fabrication. Finally, the diverse applications of filament extruders are explored, covering 3D printing, filament recycling, composite material creation, and medical applications. We conclude by outlining emerging trends like multi-material printing, nanocomposites, and bio-based materials, emphasizing the future potential of this dynamic technology.
Comparative Study on Effect of Material on structural Performance of a Quadcopter Drone with ‘X- Frame’
Authors: Harika Chitkula , Sai Kumar A , Raghavendra Rao M V
Published: October 2024

Drones have become most important parts of the day-to-day life from a hobby to serious research. But, the operation and maintenance cost of these drones is very high due to multiple failures while flying. The most common component that experience heavy loads and undergo failure is frame of the drone. Hence, there is a need to address the best shape and material that can be used to reduce the operation cost due to catastrophic failures. The present work deals with design of a micro-drone frame which must withstand a load of at least 2 kgs. The ‘X’-shaped frame, were modelled and analysed at various load conditions for glass fiber, carbon fiber, aluminum alloy, and plastic materials. The results obtained for the different materials were compared and it was observed that carbon fiber is the preferred material for load-bearing applications but the cost for manufacturing and maintenance is very high. Aluminum alloy shows good strength and is cost effective. The ease of manufacturing and make it more suitable for drones. Plastic, though flexible and easy to fabricate, does not meet the required strength to weight ratio.
Research on PMSM sliding mode control based on a novel variable exponential convergence law
Authors: Wang Zexin , Chen Quanru , Feng Yao
Published: October 2024

To optimize the overshoot and anti-interference ability of permanent magnet motors (PMSM) under PI control and the traditional exponential approach law, a PMSM sliding mode control method with an improved exponential approximation law was proposed. The approach velocity is adaptively adjusted by the distance from the sliding mode surface to weaken the sliding mode jitter. By embedding a time-varying function into the constant velocity ring, with sliding mode surfaces as its variable, we verify the stability of the improved convergence law control by combining the Lyapunov function. Combined with the Lyapunov function to verify the stability of the improved approach law control, simulation and comparative tests are carried out on MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results demonstrate that the control method has strong adaptability and low jitter compared to the traditional exponential approach law and PI control. It can also quickly and smoothly bring the system to the equilibrium point position in the event of an abrupt load change.
Comparative study on estimation and identification of electromechanical oscillation parameters
Authors: Wang Yuefan , Liu Yuhao , Liang Shutong , Zeng Qi
Published: October 2024

This study compares the performance of the bandpass filtering method and the Prony algorithm in identifying parameters of power system electromechanical oscillation. The bandpass filtering method suppresses noise by selectively passing signals in a certain frequency range, while the Prony algorithm directly estimates the signal parameters. In simulations, we find that the Prony algorithm outperforms the bandpass filtering method in extracting signal features. To further improve the performance of the Prony algorithm, we introduced a genetic algorithm for global optimization. This study provides an important reference for the selection of parameter identification methods for power system oscillation analysis, which is of practical importance for improving system stability and security. In addition, this study provides a new perspective on the application of genetic algorithms in signal processing and a theoretical basis for further research in related fields.
Design of Yolov4-Tiny convolutional neural network hardware accelerator based on FPGA
Authors: Du Wenhe , Chen Shuoyu , Wang Lei , Chai Ruili
Published: October 2024

This article designs a Yolov4 Tiny convolutional neural network hardware accelerator based on FPGA. A four-stage pipeline convolutional array structure has been proposed. In the design, the NC4HW4 parameter rearrangement and Im2col dimensionality reduction algorithm are used as the core to maximize the parallelism of matrix operations under limited resources. Secondly, a PE convolutional computing unit structure was designed, and a resource-efficient and highly reliable convolutional computing module was implemented by combining INT8 DSP resource reuse technology. Finally, the accelerator will be deployed on Xilinx’s Zynq7030 development board. The experimental results show that at a clock frequency of 130 MHz, the power consumption of the hardware accelerator is only 2.723 W, and the performance is 59.54 Gbps. Compared with related research, it has improved more than 2.1 times. This accelerator can complete hardware-accelerated computing tasks in object detection with high energy efficiency.
A new y-source high-gain buck-boost converter suitable for solar PV power generation system
Authors: Rong Desheng , Yu Yangyueyu
Published: October 2024

To reduce the pollution caused by fossil fuel combustion, the research on new energy power generation technologies such as distributed photovoltaics at home and abroad is becoming more and more in-depth, and the high-gain DC-DC converter, which is very important in the new energy power generation system, has also been rapidly developed. In this paper, a new type of high-gain DC-DC converter is proposed, which has a stronger boosting ability at a lower duty cycle and the characteristics of continuous input and output current and low voltage stress of components, and the duty cycle range is not limited by the ratio of coupled inductor turns. The working principle, voltage gain, expression of voltage, and current stress of each component of the converter in continuous conduction mode are analyzed at length, and an experimental prototype is built for experiments, which verifies the accuracy and practicability of the theoretical analysis.
VSG with additional damping controller for suppressing system low-frequency oscillations
Authors: Han Qi , Zhang Li
Published: October 2024

With the increasing attention paid to virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control technology in modern power systems, it not only provides necessary inertia and damping for the system but also introduces a new type of low-frequency oscillation mode, which not only retains the characteristics of low-frequency oscillation of synchronous generator (SG) but may also exacerbate this phenomenon. In response to this issue, this article proposes an innovative additional damping controller design aimed at providing effective active oscillation damping for SG without affecting the steady-state output power of VSG. By establishing a connection model between VSG and Single Machine Infinite Bus System (SMIB), this study deeply analyzes the specific impact of additional damping controller parameters on system stability. The simulation experiment results have verified the significant performance of the proposed controller in effectively suppressing low-frequency oscillations in the system.
A non-resonant piezoelectric generator for extracting energy from low-frequency magnetic field
Authors: He Wei , Luo Mingshan , Huang Baoan
Published: October 2024

This paper proposes a non-resonant piezoelectric generator to scavenge energy from a low-frequency magnetic field. The generator employs shear-mode piezoelectric single crystal plates (PMN-PT) assembled between NdFeB magnets and retaining plates. The use of the piezoelectric array helps to increase the total capacitance of the generator. Shear-mode vibrations are induced when a current flows through the power line, and the response of the generator to electric currents is improved due to the large piezoelectric voltage coefficient (g
15). Theoretical analysis and the shear piezoelectric constitutive equations have been conducted to study the electrical output characteristics, and the feasibility of the generator has been verified experimentally. The generator exhibits a good linear output under non-resonant conditions (50 Hz), and the maximal power shows an approximate quadratic increase with the electric current. The results indicate that the proposed generator has the potential for realistic applications.