bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Processing Technique of Urutan Celeng as A Superior Product for Culinary Tour in Sangeh Abiansemal Tourism Village, Badung, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Sutaguna I Nyoman Tri , Sirna I Ketut , Utama I Gusti Bagus Rai
Published: September 2020

one of the goals of tourism development in Indonesia is to develop local food in an area including traditional Balinese food globally. For now, this goal has not been achieved as expected. This happens because the local food in the villages is still abundant and not fully utilized. One example is the food that is usually used as a presentation/offering in Sangeh Tourism Village. This research will discuss the types of “Urutan Celeng” that can be developed into superior culinary tourism products as well as what cooking techniques can be done to improve the quality of “Urutan Celeng” in Sangeh Tourism Village, Abiansemal District, Badung Regency. The research method was carried out with a qualitative approach using several The informants were selected purposely and the data collection techniques were carried out by the method of observation, in-depth interviews and documentation studies with the theory developed in the form of the theory of culinary tourism and its several microforms, and cultural theory. The results showed the types of processed products such as urutan celeng metunu (smoked), urutan celeng medendeng (dried in the sun), the urutan celeng mekukus (steamed), and “Urutan Celeng” (just finished processing). Processing techniques that can be done to develop culinary tourism are related to the preparation of ingredients, processing of ingredients, and serving of food to be able to create new variations and good quality products for tourists to enjoy.
Perception of COVID-19 Pandemic Among Residents of a High Density – Low Income Area in Enugu City, Nigeria
Authors: Chukwuebuka Okafor  , Christian Madu  , Charles Ajaero  , Henrietta Ajaero  , Chinelo Nzekwe  , Loveline Nebo
Published: September 2020

Coronavirus (COVID-19) infection is increasing steadily in Nigeria. The aim of this study is to assess the perception of people living in low income and densely populated area about COVID-19. This study was carried out in one of the most popular low income area (Abakpa-Nike) in a major city in South East, Nigeria (Enugu). Four hundred questionnaires were administered to heads of the household in this community. A return rate of 77.5% was achieved. Descriptive (frequency, percentages, weighted average and median) and inferential statistics were used for the study. Our tests show that females are more likely to use facemask more frequently than males (p=0.000). However, there is no association between gender and frequent use of hand sanitizers (p=0.06). also, no association exists between gender and regular observation of social distancing (p=0.272). There was also an association between educational status and perception that Nigeria’s tropical climate “kills” COVID-19 virus (p=0.021). No association exist between educational status and the perception that Nigerians immune system is “stronger” than COVID-19 virus (p=0.147). Therefore, National Center for Diseases and Control, Presidential Task Force on COVID-19 and pertinent state agencies should put into consideration educational attainment and economic status of the people in communication output.
Entrepreneurial Readiness: What Are The Roles Of Entrepreneurial Education, Environment And Student’s Mindset?
Authors: Supriyanto Achmad Sani , Pardiman Pardiman , ABS M. Khoirul
Published: September 2020

The objective of this study is to analyze students’ entrepreneurial readiness after taking Entrepreneurship course, which is a part of the educational curriculum, at their campuses. The data were obtained from questionnaires and processed in WarpPLS 5.0. The sample of this study is 323 students who have taken Entrepreneurial Education course. This study finds that Entrepreneurial Education will be more effective in affecting entrepreneurial readiness if the students’ mindset regarding entrepreneurship has been established. Furthermore, the mindset is affected by the entrepreneurship course and their environment. Therefore, this study suggests the necessity of shaping a more positive mindset towards entrepreneurship in students before they take entrepreneurship course.
Familiarization Trip Strategy to introduce Jakarta Textile Museum to Foreign Tourist
Authors: Sylvia Desianty
Published: September 2020

This research is conducted to analyze how the Familiarization Trip strategy is done, the result, and the obstacle. Themethodusedin this research is descriptive qualitative using the Nine Steps of Public Relations by Ronald D. Smith to analysis the strategy, interview and data research to analysis the result and the obstacle. The result of this research explains that Familiarization Trip has been done well but in the other hand has not given significant result to the increasing number of foreign tourists visiting Jakarta Textile Museum.
Reflection in Action: Strategies for Teacher Self-evaluation
Authors: Cirkovic-Miladinovic Ivana , Dimitrijevic Maja
Published: September 2020

Given classroom complexity und uncertainty, teachers face with lots of challenges during their teaching repertoire. They face with specific problems they should respond to and manage so the world of the classroom demands that teachers have practical knowledge that enables them to negotiate the practical problems they face. The fact that reflection in action is a personal, spontaneous, tacit process it means that it limits teachers’ opportunity to seek or receive feedback from others or from the reflective episode itself. Moreover, reflections in action focus on events and situations that arise spontaneously und unplanned (Cochran-Smith & Lytle, 1990). In a real sense, reflection in action is reactive, not proactive. This kind of evaluation has one problematic characteristic: the teacher is both evaluator and evaluatee (Airasian & Gullickson, 1994). Having in mind mentioned challenges for the teacher in the classroom, it would be useful for a teacher to be familiar with some strategies for teacher self-evaluation. The paper presents a study of an online survey to examine teachers’: a) self-efficacy to work with multilingual students in the Serbian YLs classroom, b) received training in the area of teaching young learners, c) beliefs about knowledge, skills and resources needed to work with YLs, d) interest in receiving additional training. The research takes into consideration the specific aspects of students’ L1, i.e. the Serbian language. Findings suggest that while a majority of the teachers has not received specific training on working with YLs, most of the teachers feel somewhat confident about their ability to work with such student populations.
Covid-19 Global, Pandemic impact on World Economy
Authors: Muhammad Fahad Sattar  , Sehrish Khanum  , Ahsan Nawaz  , Muhammad Muzamal Ashfaq  , Muhammad Anas Khan  , Muhammad Jawad  , Waseem Ullah
Published: September 2020

This exploratory study is carried out in April, 2020, when corona virus is spread all over the world and become Economic crisis 2020.The objective of this study is  to answer some questions arise in mind, how many countries infected and reduce their economic activities? What are effective fiscal and monetary policies at international level to address the crisis? Is monetary and fiscal policy used as vaccine to prevent the world economy from crisis?  It is a hot topic these days when world is facing this covid-19. Researcher get information from different website, international monetary fund(IMF), Organization of economic cooperation and development (OECD) Standard& poor’s, (S&P) rating agencies, and some past papers to explain the impact of Corona virus on world economy. Further explain the losses from one industry to another industry. And finally concluded that world economy is fighting with dual nature crisis. On one hand Death of million people from corona, other is fall down of economy. First challenge is to save the people from death, and secondly to save the world from economic crisis. But these two challenges are contradicted.  If want to save people lives then implemented stay at home, social distancing policy, and shut down the country. But we can save our people live but economy fall down sharply because of shut down all businesses in the country. If save economic crisis then people should go out and work as usual, world economy will boost but soon we will lose million or billion of people live which also effect the fall down economy. Policy maker, doctors and health care manufacturer should sit together find ways which is benefits for both people live and save economic crisis.
Kumawus Tradition: Cultural Studies in the To' mbulu Sub-Ethnic Community, Walian Village, South Tomohon District in Tomohon City)
Authors: Burdam Yohanes , Sholahuddin Agus , Kridawati Sadhana
Published: September 2020

Kumawus is a thanksgiving event after the death of a family member, which is also called a weekly event or maso itam (local dialect). Kumawus in its short meaning, namely making finished or bekeng finished (in the local language/dialect), which is doing something to the end related to the life of a family member who has died. The main objectives of this study are: (1). To explain the implementation of the Kumawus tradition historically according to the cultural views of the To' mbulu sub-ethnic in Walian Village, South Tomohon District, Tomohon City. (2). Describe the factors behind the tradition of implementing Kumawus in the To' mbulu sub-ethnic community in Walian Village, South Tomohon District, Tomohon City. This study uses a qualitative approach with grounded theory methods. This study used a qualitative approach with "Grounded Theory" analysis, which was developed by Strauss and Corbin, namely through the Coding procedure or Emik's perspective. The subjects of this research are the community, village leaders, traditional elders, church leaders in the Walian village, Tomohon City. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, documentation, and literature study. The research instrument is the researcher himself as the main instrument. Based on the results of the research and discussion above, it can be concluded that: the procession of the Kumawus tradition in the grieving family of the To' mbulu sub-ethnic community in Walian Village, South Tomohon Subdistrict, Tomohon City, shows that there is interaction and togetherness and cooperation between communities which shows a strong appreciation of local cultural values community linkages and interactions in the implementation of Kumawus continue to run well even though Walian Village has been divided into two new sub-districts and a central village.
Online EFL Teaching and Learning: Advanced Grammar Class and Washback Effect in Test
Authors: Lutfiana  , Tono Suwartono
Published: September 2020

This study investigates the teaching and learning English through online class and  the washback effect of online testing during pandemic COVID-19 issue. The participants of this study were University EFL teacher and undergraduate students of English Education Department at Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Purwokerto in Central Java Province, Indonesia. The data were collected through interviews, documents and pictures. Then, the data analysis technique was adopted from Spradley (1980). The finding has indicated that the teaching and learning online is realized effectively through Whatsapp Group (WAG) as the e-learning platform. There are positive and negative washback effects of online testing to the teaching and learning, exclusively in advance grammar course. The teacher becomes aware of the use of test item and online testing system. In other hand, the students intend to have well preparedness to follow the test.
The approach of small and medium manufacturing and processing enterprises to innovation
Authors: Lekiqi Bislim , Afrim Loku  , Alberta Tahiri  , Idriz Kovaqi
Published: September 2020

Today's Kosovo economy, as well as that of the whole world, lives in an extraordinary dynamism, creating and using many new technical-technological and organizational achievements. The demand for innovation is a demand that, as soon as it is met, generates a demand for new innovation, a cycle that will not end. But what is the approach of some manufacturing and processing enterprises (small and medium) in the eastern part of Kosovo to innovation? The answer to this question is the purpose of this article. Research on innovations in Kosovo has been done before, but with a research focus in the district of Prishtina, but not in the eastern region of Kosovo, and there is a long time difference from recent research. The objective of this article is the current approach to innovation. The research was conducted through a face-to-face survey, in which 66 representatives of manufacturing and processing enterprises have participated. The analysis of the results, their comparison leads us to the conclusions and recommendations, information which can serve businesses, state decision-making structures and educational institutions, to compare theory and practice. The article gives to understand that continuous research in this area is an added value.
Performative Allyship
Authors: Kalina Peter
Published: September 2020

Abstract:         

Performative allyship refers to someone from a nonmarginalized group professing support and solidarity with a marginalized group, but in a way that is not helpful. Worse yet, the allyship is done in a way that may actually be harmful to “the cause.”   The “ally” is motivated by some type of reward. On social media, that reward is a virtual pat on the back for being a “good person” or for being “on the right side” of a cause, or “on the right side of history.” It is entirely possible to be opposed to racism or anti-Semitism while at the same time feeling free to say nothing. This is preferable to simply repeating what you’re being compelled to say.   Either be a true ally, or be comfortable being silent.
The political psychology of extremism; “naturalness” of the phenomenon in the Western Balkans
Authors: Hadžić Faruk
Published: September 2020

In a symbolic sense, this region may be burdened with a kind of negative ontology that is very difficult to change. Extremist ideologies are, in fact, just a continuation of the war by other means. They have entered education, and beginning to metastasize and affect the entire social tissue, becoming "naturalness", supported by different mythopoetic narratives of a particular nation. In an environment where politics is extreme, many avoid concerns the very nature of extremism and the process of radicalization within the discourse of „peacetime“ extremism. Extremism stems from finding two basic human needs: the need for cognitive closure and personal significance. Subordination of the individual to the national community, i.e., the leader, is a psychological form of political behavior marked by an obsessive preoccupation with the decline of the community; sacrificing the process of compensatory, the cult of unification while abandoning democratic freedoms with redemptive violence and, regardless of moral and legal constraints, seeks to achieve ethnoreligious threatening collectivity (tribal identity). Extremism uses the properties of consciousness: ethnicity, religiousness, and thinking in absolute categories (in a destructive aspect to add naturalness to its ideas) to justify activities with a sacred or „patriotic“ will. Although the violent potential of nationalism in the Balkans should be overlooked by no means, the inflammatory rhetoric is just a method used by political elites to manipulate the public.
Gender asymmetry in verbal, visual and logical-mathematical abilities
Authors: Dadashova Aidan Guliaddin
Published: September 2020

The aim of the study is to assess verbal, visual and logical-mathematical abilities based on socio-psychological methods at the gender level, to study ways of regulating cognitive capabilities in the education system within the framework of gender equality and to analyze them from a socio-psychological point of view.

The research methodology is based on psychological, pedagogical, sociological and cultural concepts, gender theories and theories of feminism, biodeterministics approaches and approaches to gender differentiation.

The scientific novelty of the research is the socio-psychological assessment of verbal, visual and logical-mathematical abilities in the educational process at the level of gender asymmetry, identifying their causes and results.

Output. Gender differences appear in the physical, psychological, behavioral and cognitive areas. There are differences in the verbal, visual, logical and mathematical abilities of the sexes in education. As a result of a comparative analysis of both approaches, we came to the conclusion that the differences in the verbal, visual, logical-mathematical abilities of the sexes observed in education have a kind of influence of both ontogenetic and gender roles. These influences usually act syncretically rather than autonomously. Therefore, researchers argue about their origin. However, recent research suggests that the perceived underdevelopment of girls' logical and mathematical abilities is in fact related to gender. That is, traditional pedagogy and family environment play an important role in the emergence of such stereotypes.
Facilitation of small business development as a means of combating labour migration
Authors: Lukashova Liudmyla
Published: September 2020

The undeniable relevance of the research stems from the intensification of the migration crisis in Ukraine and the increase in the number of migrant workers to 100 thousand people per month. The main trends, causes and consequences of labour migration from Ukraine prove the need to find new tools that can prevent an increase in the flow of migrant workers. The object of the study is the process of facilitating small business development, which is considered as a priority means of combating labour migration in Ukraine. The practical value of the obtained research results lies in the possibility of their application in the Ukrainian realities and the solution of the migration crisis problem by improving the economic conditions of the most mass stratum of business entities. The list of facilitation and deregulation measures for small business entities formed on the basis of diagnostics of the current legal framework allowed to conduct a critical reforms analysis, identify "bottlenecks" and problems of legislative implementation. The author verified that the provision of financial and credit support to small business entities under the soft loan program is feasible only if quality monitoring of the targeted use of funds is provided. Due to the calculations, the size of an additional limiting parameter to the applicants' business plans was determined, in particular, the return on capital investment of not less than 10%. Thus, the need for this percentage entails the lack or insufficient quality of monitoring.
The Effect of Implementing Strategy Management on Improving The Quality of Education of Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 North Bengkulu
Authors: Herawati Yanti , Ramadhan Heldy , Rudi Hartono
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this research, namely: (1) To find out the management of strategies in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 North Bengkulu Regency (2) To know the improvement of the quality of education in Madrasah Aliyah State 1 North Bengkulu District  (3) To know the effect of implementing strategy management on improving the quality of education in Madrasah Aliyah State 1 North Bengkulu District  Sample in this study is the entire number of educators and educational personnel namely 30 people, and the sample used by researchers is "saturated sample". The data analysis techniques used are descriptive statistical analysis and inference statistical analysis using simple regression. The results of the descriptive statistical analysis showed strategy management was in the moderate category with a percentage of 66.67%, and the improvement in the quality of education was in the moderate category of 53.67%. The results of the inference statistical analysis show the value thitung = 2,968 ≥ ttabel = 2,048, then HO is rejected. Based on these results, it can be concluded that strategy management has an effect on improving the quality of education in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 North Bengkulu  Regency. With the implementation of effective and efficient strategy management will affect the quality of education so as to produce maximum school quality and in accordance with customer expectations
Impact of ISBAR Communication Training on Interpersonal Communication and Teamwork of Residents in General Practice Standardized Training
Authors: Chen Min , Yin Jianhao , Jia Rui , Zhang Hao , Yan Rong , Zhang Yong
Published: September 2020

Interpersonal communication and teamwork is one of the training objectives of standardized training for residents. The ISBAR (Identify, Situation, Background, Assessment, Request) communication training model can effectively improve physicians’ clinical communication skills and teamwork ability. Our research aims to explore the impact of the ISBAR communication training on the interpersonal communication and teamwork of residents in general practice standardized training. A total of 92 general practitioners (GP) who participated in the Standardized Residency Training in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University in September 2018 were randomly recruited and divided into observation group（n=46） and control group（n=46） using simple random grouping method. GP in the observation group was trained by the ISBAR communication training model, whereas GP in the control group was trained by the traditional clinical education model. Six different scales were used to assess the interpersonal communication ability and teamwork ability of the two groups at different time points. After two weeks of training，the scores of interpersonal communication ability and teamwork ability in the observation group were higher than those in the control group（P<0.05）. ISBAR communication training model may significantly improve the interpersonal communication skills and teamwork ability of residents in general practice standardized training.
COVID-19 Translated: WHO’s and the City of Ottawa English and Arabic Narrative of the Pandemic
Authors: Jaber Fadi
Published: September 2020

Many national and international organizations have constructed and disseminated COVID-19 public narrative and have contributed into the construction of the pandemic meta-narrative. The World Health Organization (henceforth WHO) is the international organization responsible for publishing COVID-19 related information to global audiences and citizens. However, the City of Ottawa is the Canadian federal capital responsible for disseminating information about the pandemic to its citizens who reside in Ottawa. In the light of the evolving events, this paper explores the English and Arabic public narrative of COVID-19 as constructed and published by WHO on its multilingual website and by the City of Ottawa Public Health in Canada. In specific, it scrutinizes how similar or different the communicative messages and meanings are as embedded in the English and Arabic texts of the pandemic public narrative. To do so, this paper methodologically utilizes a qualitative narrative analysis research design guided by narrative theory, types of narrative, and narrative features. Accordingly, the corpus consists of 48 English texts and their 48 Arabic translated texts which were published on WHO’s website under two COVID-19 pandemic topics: “Myth busters” and “Q & As on coronaviruses (COVID-19)”. As well, this paper analyses 12 English texts and their 12 Arabic translated texts which were published on the City of Ottawa’s website. The findings of this paper provide further understanding of similarities and differences in communicative messages and meanings as embedded in the English and Arabic public narrative of COVID-19 pandemic, and as published and represented by WHO and the City of Ottawa.
Fairness in Korean Society
Authors: Kim Jeffrey
Published: September 2020

This study aims to evaluate the recent "Fairness" related issues in South Korea in the perspectives of the Millennials. In contrast to the X generation, the Millennials are living through the hardest period of Korea with the difficulty of accumulating wealth, high unemployment, and tough social mobility. The challenges in the country led more millennials to lean on a fairer society and to support the current administration, the Moon Administration. However, "Fairness" issues are arising continuously and the response to those issues vary, depending on the typical factors. By analyzing three recent issues-Cho Kuk Incident, ICN Incident, and the Yonsei Incident- the paper analyzes the selective rage of the Millennials. The level of rage is tied to the social, political status of the figure and the direct connection to employment. The policymakers and the X generations emphasize the importance of a fair society while they are not willing to give up their shares of the pie. To avoid slowing down in social and economic development, Korea should find a practical solution or else the Millennials will be living through the toughest generation of Korea.
The Effect of Strategic Foresight on Competitiveness, with the Mediating Role of Strategic Learning (Case Study: Private Banks of Kermanshah City)
Authors: Eskandari Faranak , Esfandyar Mohammad  , Hamzeh Rahimi
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the impact of strategic foresight on competitiveness by moderating the role of strategic learning in Kermanshah private banks. The present study was a quantitative one and was applied in terms of purpose and nature of the descriptive-correlational method and The questionnaire was distributed in two ways; the library and the field .For validity of the research questionnaire, face validity and expert opinion of instructors and consultants were used and for reliability of the questionnaire Cronbach's alpha coefficient and test performance test were used. There are 208 individuals in the city of Kermanshah with a sample of 135 people selected through our random sample using Morgan table. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Analysis of Total Coliform and Total Escherichia coli Levels in the Fox River Watershed
Authors: Romesberg Janée , Henderson Jeffrey O.
Published: September 2020

The Fox River is an important water source for the Elgin, IL community. Fecal contaminants must be removed by water treatment facilities to prevent the spread of infectious diseases and to provide potable water. Water samples from the Fox River watershed on or near Judson University campus were tested using the most probable number (MPN) method to determine coliform counts. Our data from this small independent project demonstrates that tap water is free of fecal contaminants and that the Fox River, its tributary Tyler Creek, and the Volkman Retention Pond often have levels of coliforms exceeding standards for recreational use.
Ligand Exchange Kinetics of 2,2’-Bipyridine with Nitrilotriacetatonickelate(II)
Authors: Kolopajlo Larry H , Coleman Shelby
Published: September 2020

The kinetics of the ligand exchange reaction between 2,2’-bipyridine (bipy) and NiNTA- was studied over the pH range 4.7 to 7.5 at 25.0 0C and an ionic strength of 0.10 M by following the formation of Ni(bipy)3 product at 307 nm. All reactions were run under pseudo-first order conditions with a [bipy]/[NiNTA-] ratio of at least 20. The reaction is first-order with respect to each of NiNTA- and to bipy. The reaction is also accelerated by hydrogen ion. The rate constant for the hydrogen ion unassisted addition of bipy to NiNTA- is 0.671 M-1 s-1. The reaction is also first-order in hydrogen ion with a rate constant for the hydrogen ion assisted addition of bipy to NiNTA- is 9.45 x 104 M-2 s-1. A dissociative type mechanism accelerated by hydrogen ion is proposed. The work has significance by showing that NiEDDA and NiNTA, both aminopolyacrboxylate complexes react by the same mechanism.
Angelman Syndrome: An Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Kennedy Andrew J. , Henderson Jeffrey O.
Published: September 2020

Neurodevelopmental disorders limit the mental, physical, and social lives of affected individuals and their families. These disorders are often related to genetic abnormalities having a distinct chromosomal location. The abnormalities can cause incorrect proteins to be formed or biochemical pathways to be blocked, predominately affecting brain development, but also having pleiotropic effects. Research into defining and correcting these genetic abnormalities is important to help distinguish between unique neurodevelopmental disorders so that proper clinical interventions are available for affected individuals. In the following review, Angelman syndrome, which results from UBE3A gene function being lost at maternal chromosome  15q11.2-q13, will be discussed. Angelman patients suffer from the defining characteristics of speech impairment, uncontrolled laughing and smiling, motor development issues, muscle tension, and possible ataxia. The genetic mechanisms of the disorder as well as possible therapies will be discussed, with future areas of research into genetic therapies to treat Angelman syndrome also put forth. Research into Angelman syndrome can provide an avenue for a clearer understanding of other neurodevelopmental disorders.
Improving entrepreneurial research methodology: When research design fails
Authors: O'Connor Autumn Sadie , Hutton Vicki
Published: September 2020

The diverse endeavours undertaken by entrepreneurs have the potential to positively impact communities, and yet this population appears notoriously difficult to recruit for research. This paper reflects on declining research participation, particularly noted in top executives and the entrepreneurial community; and introduces a Master’s dissertation study which failed to recruit significant numbers of entrepreneurs for quantitative research purposes.  While ‘failed’ research may lack allure, it does provide valuable learning insights for students undertaking new research projects.  Quite apart from not repeating past mistakes, outlining research challenges may assist students to develop more creative and robust projects.  As such, this paper highlights two significant points regarding barriers to recruiting amongst entrepreneurs. First, we present evidence that entrepreneurs are often over-worked and time poor, and this impacts on their research participation; secondly, we highlight how entrepreneurs respond differently to research activities, and hereby, we offer some recommendations for improved research design.
A Virus’ Effect on Growth: HIV’s Effect on African GDP Growth Rates
Authors: Durst Brady Joseph , Rebessi Filippo
Published: September 2020

The sexually transmitted disease, HIV, is a vicious virus with no cure whose prevalence spans the entire globe, with daily diagnoses in every country. Those most affected with the terrors of the sickness lie in its birthplace of Africa, where one in ten carry the strain; and in some African countries more than a quarter of the population is HIV positive (Hacker, 2002). Compared to other world regions, Africa has a severe health crisis spawned from this relentless and incurable sickness. However, while the severity of the virus is widely known, its economic implications are not as apparent. It has been wondered, and seems intuitively correct, that a virus this deadly and prominent would have major implications on the level of output amongst highly infected countries (Dixon and McDonald, 2002). After all, a virus of this size would seem to affect numerous economic stimulating activities, such as the savings rate, labor force participation and worker determination. The expectation is to find HIV prevalence as having a negative and significant correlation to long run, per capita GDP growth rates in Africa; however, given the data, a statistical conclusion cannot be made to prove this occurrence. Instead, through the use of linear regression, economic data infers HIV prevalence has little to no effect on Africa’s sluggish GDP growth.
My Brother's Keeper: Healthcare Experiences of the Poor in One Texas City
Authors: Mulloy Matthew Chase
Published: September 2020

Access to healthcare is an important issue in the United States. The purpose of this study was to explore ways in which individuals living under the federal poverty line experience negative interactions with the health care system. I interviewed 11 individuals in the Waco area who are currently living under the federal poverty guideline. Answers were recorded and analyzed. Common themes amongst the participants included (1) financial insecurity combined with a lack of health insurance discouraged individuals from visiting a healthcare provider, (2) inadequate transportation to a healthcare establishment, (3) feelings of disrespect when receiving treatment from healthcare professionals, and (4) difficulty following up with treatment. In conclusion, the problems that arise in the healthcare system regarding the treatment of individuals living in poverty cannot be attributed solely to lack of funds.
The Physiological Consequences of Hypovitaminosis D
Authors: Yoo Jee Young , Goodwyn Lauren
Published: September 2020

During the industrial revolution in the United States, speculations arose surrounding ultraviolet radiation and its inverse relationship to the alarmingly increasing prevalence of rickets, a bone disease in children that we now know is caused by a lack of vitamin D. However, prior to the 20th century, it was nearly impossible to simply identify biological forms of vitamins or hormones (Holick, 2010). It was inconceivable to set forth a list of dietary essentials and their roles in the human body. With the aid of modern technology, the ability to ascertain vitamin D’s chemical form and origins became a reality. Today, a large fraction of the field of endocrine research aims to find links between vitamin D and diseases. The purpose of this paper is to list some of the associated ailments that transpire alongside inadequate levels of vitamin D, and in turn, emphasize the importance of supplementation to prevent such occurrences.
Analysis of Escherichia coli Flagellin Gene Expression in Simulated Spaceflight Growth Conditions
Authors: Hetrick Kyle M. , Juergensmeyer Elizabeth A. , Henderson Jeffrey O.
Published: September 2020

Population growth curves of Escherichia coli (E. coli) cultures propagated in spaceflight environments demonstrate an extended log phase duration and an increased final cell concentration compared to E. coli cultures grown on Earth. We suggest that during spaceflight, a lack of convective mixing in the growth medium alters a cell’s microenvironment such that the cell at first devotes its resources primarily to motility and later shifts most of its resources to reproduction. As flagellin is the major protein component of flagella, the motility structure of E. coli, we propose that the expression of the flagellin gene (fliC) can be used as a diagnostic marker for determining if the bacterium is in fact altering its allocation of cellular resources to motility during specific growth phases. We have used semiquantitative RT-PCR to analyze the expression of fliC in cultures grown in laboratory apparatus that simulate various aspects of the spaceflight environment. The data from this pilot study indicate that fliC expression increases initially under stationary, slow clinorotation, and fast clinorotation growth conditions, peaking at mid-exponential phase and decreasing dramatically in stationary phase. These data support the hypothesis that metabolic resources are being directed towards forming the flagellum, the bacteria motile structure, before shifting resources to growth, reproduction, and maintenance.
The effects of LED light intensity on lettuce coloration and biomass
Authors: Foster Delaney , Hand Zachary , Heath Tyler , Hu Bizhen
Published: September 2020

Light emitting diodes can potentially be a useful tool for lettuce (Lactuca sativa) indoor production because of its ability to control light spectra and provide high light levels with little radiant heat. This study was conducted to test coloration, biomass, and anthocyanin concentration in lettuce grown under different light intensities, giving us insights on how changing light intensities can improve coloration and increase productivity. The experiment was conducted in a laboratory with controlled light, humidity and temperature, eliminating as much variability as possible. The following three treatments were used: (1) standard intensity at 250 µmol/m2/s throughout the growing period, (2) high intensity at 500 µmol/m2/s throughout the growing period, and (3) standard intensity at 250 µmol/m2/s then high intensity of 500 µmol/m2/s two days before harvest. Measurements included subjective visual color ratings, fresh weight biomass, and anthocyanin concentration. There were significant differences among treatments in color ratings and biomass, and no significant differences in anthocyanin concentration. The 250 µmol/m2/s and 250/500 µmol/m2/s treatments showed little differences in color rating. The 500 µmol/m2/s treatment led to higher red pigmentation in plants. The 500 µmol/m2/s treatment was numerically but not significantly higher in biomass than the 250 µmol/m2/s treatment, while the 250/500 µmol/m2/s treatment was lowest. Growers who produce lettuce in a greenhouse setting and are capable of increasing light intensity can apply light intensity at 500 µmol/m2/s throughout the growing season to improve coloration and maintain productivity.
Young Adulthood and Unique Challenges in Living with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Curtis Michael James , Abdoli Samereh , Hall Joanne
Published: September 2020

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) presents young adults with unique challenges in managing a diabetes while they navigate transition from adolescence to adulthood. This article presents a narrative review of literature pertaining to challenges surrounding diabetes care in young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods: A literature search was conducted in CINAHL, PubMed and Web of Science for studies related to diabetes care in young adults with T1D. The search was completed using various combinations of diabetes, T1D, diabetes care/management, challenges, and barriers in English. Results: Based on the study findings the most challenges experienced by young adults were associated to “psychosocial challenges”, “life style change”, “lack of supportive network”, and “delivery of diabetes care.” However, diabetes education particularly related to life style is necessary; individualized psychosocial and behavioral interventions should be considered as an essential part of diabetes care systems. A more supportive health care system and community can impact positively on quality of life and diabetes care in young adults living with T1D.
Does Bill James's Pythagorean Formula Apply to England's Premier League?
Authors: Reinmuth Katherine A. , Sommers Paul Martin
Published: September 2020

Bill James’s Pythagorean formula relates runs scored and runs allowed to team winning in Major League Baseball.  Researchers have applied James’s Pythagorean formula to basketball, ice hockey, and tennis, among other sports.  Current literature, however, questions the applicability of the Pythagorean approach to soccer.  This paper finds that such results may be because the dependent variable is based on the Fédération Internationale de Football Association’s (FIFA) point system rather than wins and losses.  The authors successfully apply James’s Pythagorean formula to soccer and, in particular, England’s Premier League (EPL).  Between 2000/01 and 2016/17, there is a statistically significant relationship between a team’s goal ratio (defined as goals scored divided by goals allowed) and a team’s win-loss ratio.  A one percent increase in the goal ratio is associated with a 1.70 percent increase in the win-loss ratio.
Genre and Subjectification in Janine Antoni’s Loving Care
Authors: Boyes Johanna Morgan
Published: September 2020

In her 2008 book, The Female Complaint: The Unfinished Business of Sentimentality in Popular Culture, Lauren Berlant writes, “femininity is a genre… an aesthetic structure of affective expectation… promising that the persons transacting with it will experience the pleasure of encountering what they expected, with details varying in the theme”. This perspective provides a grounding for Berlant to argue that popular culture offers conventions of female experience marked by sentimentality, specifically, the disappointments in the relationship between fantasy and lived intimacy. Central to Berlant’s work is a desire for conventionality- through adherence to convention, one becomes a social subject. This echoes but is distinct from the work of poststructuralists, who regards the assumption of a sexual identification as how one moves out of the abject into the social realm. The interaction between an individual and the genre of femininity as domestic, intimate, and emotionally fraught is useful to understanding Janine Antoni’s 1993 performance Loving Care. In Loving Care, the artist dipped her hair in a bucket of black hair dye and, on her hands a knees, used it to mop the floor. This essay will argue that Antoni’s performance is a self-conscious reiteration (and exaggeration) of feminine convention. Through dying hair and mopping, Loving Care shows the desire to become a social subject, a woman. Through representions, womanhood has developed a shared understanding of being inherently straining and tenuous, with its obligations of beauty and emotional labor as prerequisite to social belonging and desirability. Antoni’s performance will be analyzed as an experience imagined by the viewer, one that attempts to perform the process of the formation of a subjectivity.
From Euclidean Spaces to Metric Spaces
Authors: Rogers Ryan Joseph , Zhong Ning
Published: September 2020

In this note, we provide the definition of a metric space and establish that, while all Euclidean spaces are metric spaces, not all metric spaces are Euclidean spaces. It is then natural and interesting to ask which theorems that hold in Euclidean spaces can be extended to general metric spaces and which ones cannot be extended. We survey this topic by considering six well-known theorems which hold in Euclidean spaces and rigorously exploring their validities in general metric spaces.
Investigation of Legacy Methane Seepage into Freshwater Food Webs Using Novel Applications in Stoney Creek, New Brunswick
Authors: Abel-Adegbite Ifedayo , Gray Michelle , Hayden Brian
Published: September 2020

Legacy oil, gas, and coalfields in the Maritime region have emitted methane into the surrounding ecosystem for more than 100 years. Methane escaping from these legacy sites may have effects on the surrounding terrestrial and aquatic environments. I investigated whether methane could be detected entering streams via groundwater inputs in an area with abandoned and active oil and gas wells. Introduction of a foreign compound, such as methane, could act as an environmental stressor and could impact the local food web starting at the lowest trophic level. I predicted that if methane was entering freshwater streams and being incorporated into the food web, it would be evident in the stable isotopes of consumers and prey. Methane would have a distinct isotopic carbon signature and could be traced through the various biotic compartments. This project focuses on the novel application of using a small thermal imaging camera to help detect subsurface groundwater inputs into the stream for site selection. Using this temperature sensing technology, I found and selected 5 suspected groundwater sources flowing into the stream channel. I collected biofilm (e.g. bacteria, algae, diatoms) and benthic macroinvertebrate from both upstream and downstream of each suspected groundwater input site. With small streams and low summer water levels, I was unable to adequately sample the fish community. Stable isotope analysis of biofilm and benthic macroinvertebrates did not show obvious incorporation of methane into the food web, though some values were suspect. Additionally, I completed a diatom community assessment applying the Eastern Canadian Diatom Index (IDEC) as a measure of the biological integrity of streams and were able to show that the study sites in the Stoney Creek region are currently considered “slightly polluted”, with a few select locations bordering on “polluted”. Although these techniques and tools did show the incorporation of methane in the food web at Stoney Creek, the combination of inexpensive tools can be employed in the investigation of methane at other sites. This study serves as an exploration and application of tools and techniques that have not previously been applied in this context.
The Use of CRISPR-Cas9 Technology to Study and Create Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Kennedy Andrew J. , Henderson Jeffrey O.
Published: September 2020

Genetic disorders are the result of abnormalities that arise in the human genome at birth or through postnatal random genetic change. These abnormalities can also increase the risk for developing other diseases such as cancerous cell growth. Traditional treatment for genetic disorders has focused on alleviation of symptoms to increase patient welfare rather than treating the root cause, the genetic abnormality. As genetic editing technologies are developed and refined, the prospect of correcting the abnormal genetic sequence is becoming realistic. The CRISPR-Cas9 system has made it possible for researchers to respond to genetic abnormalities quickly by cutting and replacing the abnormal sequence to then contain a healthy sequence and potentially reverse the abnormal phenotype. Cancer, a disease based on genetic dysfunction, is a prime target for genetic editing. Often treated with debilitating radiation, chemotherapy, or surgery, the use of genetic editing has the potential to revolutionize current treatment options. This review will discuss the current outlook of cancer and its treatment with a focus on how CRISPR-Cas9 can be used to edit immunotherapy options that clinicians currently possess. Furthermore, potential dangers of the CRISPR-Cas9 technology and consequences of the system and its unethical use will be discussed. Finally, there will be an evaluation on the future of how CRISPR-Cas9 can be used in medicine.
A Look at the Tradition of Lack of Accommodating of Citizens with Disabilities in The People’s Republic of China
Authors: Zhao Xingran , Mu Nan , Xu Xiao , Liang Yu , Su Mingxi , Liao Qi , De Ciel Reine
Published: September 2020

It is common to encounter a citizen with disability in everyday life. According to data from the second national survey of disabled people, the group accounts for 5.26% of the population of Guangzhou. Citizens with vision, hearing or physical disability accounts for the largest part of this statistic. Citizens with disabilities in The People’s Republic of China often are treated as inferiors. There is a history of complaints of a lack of physical and service related accommodation by this group. Citizens with disabilities state that it is very difficult to find a job because of the unfair treatment. Zhang Hai Di is a famous Chinese writer with severe disability. A true advocate, Di, devoted her life to helping peoples with disabilities to have the same rights as others. This acclaimed writer has played a critical role helping the government build many policies which have had some effects to the disabled people. There is still room for improvement in China (Wang,2017). For example, the majority of building are lack wheelchair accessibility. This is a serious problem for the blind and disabled citizens of The People’s Republic of China. Moreover, most signage and computers are not designed for the blind. Special phones for the deaf citizens are not common.