bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long‐Term Krill Oil Administration Alleviated Early Mild Cognitive Impairment in APP/PS1 Mice
Authors: Du Yufeng , Song Lin , Dong Xiufang , Li Hongyan , Xie Wancui , Wang Yuming , Che Hongxia
Published: November 2023

Scope

Alzheimer's disease is an age‐dependent neurodegenerative disorder. Mounting studies focus on the improvement of advanced cognitive impairment by dietary nutrients. Krill oil (KO), a rich source of DHA/EPA and astaxanthin, is effective in improving cognitive function. The study mainly investigates the protective effects of long‐term KO administration on early cognitive impairment.

Methods and results

Results show that 2 months KO administration (50 and 100 mg kg−1 BW) can dramatically promote learning and memory abilities. Mechanism studies demonstrate that KO reduces amyloid β concentration by regulating the amyloidogenic pathway, inhibits neuro‐inflammation via regulating TLR4‐NLRP3 signaling pathway, and prevents neuron injure. KO supplementation also enhances gut barrier integrity, reduces serum lipopolysaccharide leakage, and alters the gut microbiota by reducing Helicobacteraceae, Lactobacillaceae proportion, increasing Dubosiella and Akkermansia relative abundance. Particularly, a significant increase of isovaleric acid, propionic acid, and acetic acid levels is observed after KO supplementation. Correlation analysis shows that short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), gut microbiota, and cognitive function are strongly correlated.

Conclusions

The results reveal that KO relieves early mild cognitive impairment possibly for its role in mediating the gut microbiome‐SCFAs‐brain axis. Thus, KO may provide potential intervention strategies to prevent cognitive impairment in the early stages through the microbiota‐gut‐brain axis.
Postoperative Outcomes of Intracapsular Tonsillectomy With Coblation: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Lin Huiying , Hajarizadeh Behzad , Wood Andrew James , Selvarajah Kumanan , Ahmadi Omid
Published: November 2023

Objective

Following tonsillectomy, postoperative pain and hemorrhage from the tonsillar bed are causes of significant morbidity. Intracapsular tonsillectomy with Coblation is suggested to minimize such morbidity while remaining efficacious in long‐term outcomes.

This systematic review and meta‐analysis assessed short‐term morbidity and long‐term outcomes from intracapsular tonsillectomy with Coblation, focusing primarily on posttonsillectomy hemorrhage.

Data Sources

Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library.

Review Methods

Guided by PRISMA guidelines, studies on intracapsular tonsillectomy with Coblation published between December 2002 and July 2022 evaluating frequency of posttonsillectomy hemorrhage were screened. Studies without primary data were excluded. Meta‐analysis was conducted using the random‐effect model. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who experienced posttonsillectomy hemorrhage. The secondary outcomes were posttonsillectomy pain, the proportion requiring revision tonsillectomy, and severity of sleep‐disordered breathing measured by polysomnography outcomes.

Results

From 14 studies there were 9821 patients. The proportion of total posttonsillectomy hemorrhage was 1.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.5%‐1.6%, n = 9821). The proportion experiencing primary hemorrhage, secondary hemorrhage, and those requiring further tonsil surgery were 0.1% (95% CI 0.0%‐0.1%; study n = 7), 0.8% (95% CI 0.2%‐1.4%; study n = 7), and 1.4% (95% CI 0.6%‐2.2%; study n = 6), respectively. Mean reduction in apnea‐hypopnea index was –16.0 events per hour (95% CI −8.8 to −23.3, study n = 3) and mean increase in oxygen nadir was 5.9% (95% CI 2.6%‐9.1%, study n = 3).

Conclusion

Intracapsular tonsillectomy with Coblation has been demonstrated to have a low rate of posttonsillectomy hemorrhage. Data regarding long‐term tonsil regrowth and need for reoperation were encouraging of the efficacy of this technique.
Respiratory culture growth and 3‐years lung health outcomes in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and tracheostomies
Authors: Steuart Rebecca , Pan Amy Y. , Woolums Abigail , Benscoter Dan , Russell Christopher J. , Henningfeld Jennifer , Thomson Joanna
Published: November 2023

Background

While bacteria identification on respiratory cultures is associated with poor short‐term outcomes in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and tracheostomies, the influence on longer‐term respiratory support needs remains unknown.

Objective

To determine if respiratory culture growth of pathogenic organisms is associated with ongoing need for respiratory support, decannulation, and death at 3 years posttracheostomy placement in children with BPD and tracheostomies.

Methods

This single center, retrospective cohort study included infants and children with BPD and tracheostomies placed 2010–2018 and ≥1 respiratory culture obtained in 36 months posttracheostomy. Primary predictor was any pathogen identified on respiratory culture. Additional predictors were any Pseudomonas aeruginosa and chronic P. aeruginosa identification. Outcomes included continued use of respiratory support (e.g., oxygen, positive pressure), decannulation, and death at 3 years posttracheostomy. We used Poisson regression models to examine the relationship between respiratory organisms and outcomes, controlling for patient‐level covariates and within‐patient clustering.

Results

Among 170 children, 59.4% had a pathogen identified, 28.8% ever had P. aeruginosa, and 3.5% had chronic P. aeruginosa. At 3 years, 33.1% of alive children required ongoing respiratory support and 24.8% achieved decannulation; 18.9% were deceased. In adjusted analysis, any pathogen and P. aeruginosa were not associated with ongoing respiratory support or mortality. However, P. aeruginosa was associated with decreased decannulation probability (adjusted risk ratio 0.48, 95% CI 0.23–0.98). Chronic P. aeruginosa was associated with lower survival probability.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that respiratory pathogens including P. aeruginosa may not promote long‐term respiratory dysfunction, but identification of P. aeruginosa may delay decannulation.
Social‐ecological systems approach for adaptation to climate change
Authors: Hossain Md Sarwar , Basak Sayantani M. , Amin Md Nurul , Anderson Carl C. , Cremin Emilie , Renaud Fabrice G.
Published: November 2023

Adaptation to climate change has become part of national development programs (e.g., National Adaptation Planning). Though communities are adapting to climate change across the world, this perspective argues that understanding social and ecological systems requires greater attention to enhance resilience for achieving and moving beyond the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in response to climate change across the world. In addition, based on a systematic literature review, this perspective identifies key research gaps and addresses relevant key challenges and future research direction for social and ecological systems (SES) adaptation to climate change. Ultimately, this may also help move from the existing limits to adaptation (intolerable risks through adaptive actions) concept to social‐ecological limits to adaptation and offers an opportunity to integrate adaptation to climate change in development planning by considering both SES.
Remission of Chronic Actinic Dermatitis on Baricitinib: A Case Report
Authors: Maguire Jessica , Gleeson David , Corso Roberto , Pink Andrew , Smith Catherine , Ferguson John
Published: November 2023

Chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD) is an immune-mediated photodermatosis characterised by eczematous, pruritic changes to sun-exposed skin. The pathophysiology of CAD is poorly understood, with current explanations including a hypersensitivity reaction and cross-reactivity to contact allergens. The disease is often refractory to immunosuppressive treatment and has a marked impact on patient quality of life. Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) are a novel class of small molecules licenced for the management of certain inflammatory conditions, including atopic dermatitis We present the case of a 69-year-old gentleman with a history of severe CAD, unresponsive to standard therapies, who was prescribed baricitinib, a janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor as a single agent treatment for his disease. The patient experienced a dramatic clinical improvement with this therapy. In addition, normalisation of photo test and improvement of patch test results following treatment were observed. There is one previous case report in the literature describing the clinical response of patients with CAD to JAK inhibitor therapy, but no comment on pre or post treatment photo testing, patch testing or photo-patch testing results was made. In this case report, we discuss our understanding of the role of JAK inhibitors in CAD and highlight a potential new therapeutic avenue for this disabling disease.
Easy Recovered Magnetic Bark Biochar for Methylene Blue Removal: Preparation Characterization and Adsorption Parameters Study
Authors: Zeghioud Hicham , Mouhamadou Sali
Published: November 2023

In this study, two types of magnetic biochars (Magnetic Bark Biochar with protocol 1 (MBB1) and Magnetic Bark Biochar with protocol 2 (MBB2)) were synthesized using pristine poplar bark biochar (PBB) via co‐precipitation. The two prepared magnetic biochars were tested to investigate the aqueous methylene blue (MB) removal performances. MB dye was used as a common pollutant for biochar quality evaluation and the obtained performance in this work was compared with literature. Different analysis techniques such as Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X‐ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET), porosimetry, Raman spectrometry and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the obtained materials. Biochars have a microporous structure with an average pore diameter of less than 0.26 nm. Magnetization of bark biochar leads to a loss in specific surface area (from 263.45 m2/g for PBB to 39.22 and 73.02 m2/g for MBB1 and MBB2, respectively) and an increase in total porosity by 85.11 and 12.72 %, respectively. MB adsorption process on MBB1 and MBB2 was best described by the pseudo‐first‐order kinetic model (R2=0.98) and by pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model for PBB (R2=0.9). The Langmuir monolayer adsorption and Marczewski‐jaroniec (M‐J) models presented the best fit for both PBB and MBB2 showing favourable adsorption process. Based on maximum adsorption capacity (qm: 32.98 mg/g) and the highest R2 value (0.96), MBB1 adsorption isotherm was well described by Langmuir model. Isotherm study revealed that MBB2 has the highest adsorption capacity of 49.02 mg/g followed by PBB with 37.85 mg/g. MB‐biochar interactions are dominated by chemisorption regarding the PBB and by physisorption concerning the magnetic biochars.
Chemical Cross‐linked Electrode–Electrolyte Interface Boosting the Structural Integrity of High Nickel Cathode Materials
Authors: Zhang Yang , Song Ye , Liu Jie
Published: November 2023

High nickel cathode material LiNixCoyMn1−x−yO2 (NCM) (x ≥ 0.6) has represented the most critical material in virtue of outstanding specific capacity and low self‐discharge. However, the high surface alkalinity and detrimental interfacial stability lead to the parasitic reaction and a series of phase deterioration. Herein, in situ cross‐linking binder molecular chains with a 3D network structure to construct a stable and robust electrode–electrolyte interface, which can maintain the structural integrity and restrain side reactions is designed. Simultaneously, the cross‐linked polymer can form stable hydrogen bonds with the pristine binder, greatly enhancing the bonding property. More importantly, the functional groups contained in the cross‐linked co‐polymers can chemically anchor transition metals, effectively preventing the dissolution of transition metals. Theoretical calculations confirm the feasibility and advancement of the anchoring mechanism, driving excellent structural stability and inhibition of the NiO impurity phase. This work provides a practical strategy to realize the high stability of cathode materials.
A new taxonomy of global software development best practices using prioritization based on a fuzzy system
Authors: Azeem Akbar Muhammad , Leiva Víctor
Published: November 2023

Effective management of development projects is crucial to delivering high‐quality software within time and budget constraints. However, organizing geographically distributed software development activities presents unique challenges, including difficulties in face‐to‐face interaction and coordination. To assist the global software development community in updating and developing new project management techniques, identifying and prioritizing best practices is essential. This study aims to develop a taxonomy based on the prioritization of management practices for software development, drawing from empirical data. Fifty‐five best practices associated with the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) fields were identified from the existing literature. The study also empirically examines the acceptability and relevance of these practices within the industry. An analytic hierarchy process within a fuzzy system is employed to prioritize these practices based on their importance in managing global software development.
Psychological Wellbeing
Authors: Eleuteri Stefano , de Lima Maria Eduarda Batista
Published: November 2023

Hip fracture (HF) patients are among the most vulnerable of hospitalised patients. In this chapter, we will illustrate why the psychological status of patients is important in the management and outcome of hip fracture, how it should be assessed and how it could be positively influenced by the orthogeriatric team. The chapter aims to provide an overview of the causes of negative psychological status, provide advice on strategies that can be used to identify those at risk and give examples of assessments and interventions to aid diagnosis and treatment. The focus will be on problematic aspects but will also comment on how positive dimensions in psychology, such as motivation, can impact on patient recovery.
Preventing Falls
Authors: Perracini Monica Rodrigues , Lima Camila Astolphi , Santy-Tomlinson Julie , Sherrington Cathie
Published: November 2023

A fall is the mechanism of injury for most fragility fractures. Falls are preventable and should not be viewed as an inevitable consequence of the ageing process. Falls and fragility fractures frequently result in both short- and long-term disability and can be life-changing with considerable deterioration in health-related quality of life, increased dependency and social isolation.

The causes of falls are individual and multifactorial. Risk factors interact dynamically and can be broadly classified into three main categories: demographic, intrinsic and extrinsic. Frailty, sarcopenia, falls and fragility fractures are linked and should be identified and receive proper intervention.

Evidence-based processes and tools for interdisciplinary screening, assessment and management of risk of falling are available and can guide healthcare professionals. Involving patients and their families is essential in developing and implementing a person-centred fall prevention care plan. Nurses are central to fall prevention strategies in both hospital and community settings, working collaboratively with the entire interdisciplinary team, but most often with physiotherapists.

The aim of this chapter is to explore the role of the practitioner working in acute hospital units, ambulatory care/outpatient clinics and community/home care settings and with people transitioning from hospital to home in preventing further falls in older people who have sustained a fragility fracture.
Fermions with SU(1, n) spacetime symmetry
Authors: Smith Joseph
Published: November 2023

Abstract

We construct theories of free fermions in (2n − 1)-dimensions with SU(1, n) spacetime symmetry from the null reduction of fermions on a 2n-dimensional Ω-deformed Minkowski background for n = 2 and n = 3. These play a role in the 5d SU(1, 3)-invariant theories that are conjectured to offer a full description of certain 6d superconformal field theories. We find the (2n − 1)-dimensional manifestation of the supersymmetry of a free 2n-dimensional boson-fermion system, which we use to fix the fermion two-point functions. It is then shown that the full 2n-dimensional two-point function can be recovered through resummation. Limits of the theories are considered, and it is observed that both Galilean and Carrollian field theories appear in different regimes. We confirm that the correlation functions obey the SU(1, n) Ward identities and the representations of the fermions under this group are discussed.
Repair of medial meniscus posterior root tear is effective for root healing and cartilage regeneration in opening wedge high tibial osteotomy
Authors: Choi Yun Seong , Chang Moon Jong , Lee Ji Han , Lee Jae Hee , D’Lima Darryl D. , Kim Tae Woo , Chang Chong Bum , Kang Seung‐Baik
Published: November 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to determine whether the repair of a medial meniscus posterior root tear (MMPRT) is effective for MMPRT healing, cartilage regeneration, and clinical outcomes in opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO).

Methods

This retrospective study included 80 patients who underwent OWHTO and subsequent second‐look arthroscopy. The patients were divided into OWHTO‐with‐MMPRT‐repair (n = 40) and OWHTO alone (n = 40) groups, and the healing rates (complete/partial/failure) were compared. Each group was further divided into over‐ and under‐corrected subgroups to compare healing rates. The International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) grade, cartilage defect size, Koshino stage, ICRS cartilage repair assessment score of the medial femoral condyle (MFC), and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores between the OWHTO‐with‐MMPRT‐repair and OWHTO alone groups were compared according to whether microfracture was performed on the MFC.

Results

The overall healing rate of the MMPRT was higher in the OWHTO‐with‐MMPRT‐repair group than that in the OWHTO alone group (P < 0.001). In addition, in the subgroup analysis, no difference in the MMPRT healing rate between the over‐correction and under‐correction groups when MMPRT repair was performed (n.s). In contrast, without MMPRT repair, the healing rate was lower in the under‐correction group than that in the over‐correction group (P = 0.03). Cartilage regeneration of the OWHTO‐with‐MMPRT‐repair group was superior to that of the OWHTO alone group (P < 0.05). The IKDC subjective scores of the OWHTO‐with‐MMPRT‐repair and OWHTO alone groups were 34.5 and 33.1 before surgery (n.s) and 50 and 47.2 at one year after surgery, respectively (n.s). These differences between the two groups for cartilage regeneration and IKDC subjective scores showed the same pattern regardless of microfractures.

Conclusions

MMPRT repair during OWHTO might improve MMPRT healing, even with under‐correction, and cartilage regeneration of MFC, regardless of microfracture. However, OWHTO with MMPRT repair might not improve short‐term clinical outcomes compared to OWHTO alone. Further randomized clinical trials are necessary.

Level of evidence

III, Retrospective cohort study.
The role of anti-diabetic drugs in NAFLD. Have we found the Holy Grail? A narrative review
Authors: Zachou Maria , Flevari Pagona , Nasiri-Ansari Narjes , Varytimiadis Constantinos , Kalaitzakis Evangelos , Kassi Eva , Androutsakos Theodoros
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a leading cause of liver disease, affecting 30% of the global population. NAFLD prevalence is particularly high in obese individuals and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). NAFLD ranges from simple fat deposition in the liver to necroinflammation and fibrosis (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)), NASH-cirrhosis, and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. Insulin resistance plays a key role in NAFLD pathogenesis, alongside dysregulation of adipocytes, mitochondrial dysfunction, genetic factors, and changes in gut microbiota. Since insulin resistance is also a major predisposing factor of T2DM, the administration of anti-diabetic drugs for the management of NAFLD seems reasonable.

Methods

In this review we provide the NAFLD-associated mechanisms of action of some of the most widely used anti-diabetic drugs, namely metformin, pioglitazone, sodium-glucose transport protein-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor analogs (GLP1 RAs), and dipeptyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) and present available data regarding their use in patients with NAFLD, with and without T2DM.

Results

Both metformin and DPP4i have shown rather contradictory results, while pioglitazone seems to benefit patients with NASH and is thus the only drug approved for NASH with concomitant significant liver fibrosis by all major liver societies. On the other hand, SGLT2i and GLP1 RAs seem to be beneficiary in patients with NAFLD, showing both remarkable results, with SGLT2i proving to be more efficient in the only head-to-head study so far.

Conclusion

In patients with NAFLD and diabetes, pioglitazone, GLP1 RAs, and SGLT2i seem to be logical treatment options. Larger studies are needed before these drugs can be recommended for non-diabetic individuals.
Annexin A5 stabilizes matrix vesicle-biomimetic lipid membranes: unravelling a new role of annexins in calcification
Authors: Ferreira Claudio R. , Cruz Marcos Antônio E. , Bolean Maytê , Andrilli Luiz Henrique da S. , Millan José Luis , Ramos Ana Paula , Bottini Massimo , Ciancaglini Pietro
Published: November 2023

Matrix vesicles are a special class of extracellular vesicles thought to actively contribute to both physiologic and pathologic mineralization. Proteomic studies have shown that matrix vesicles possess high amounts of annexin A5, suggesting that the protein might have multiple roles at the sites of calcification. Currently, Annexin A5 is thought to promote the nucleation of apatitic minerals close to the inner leaflet of the matrix vesicles’ membrane enriched in phosphatidylserine and Ca2+. Herein, we aimed at unravelling a possible additional role of annexin A5 by investigating the ability of annexin A5 to adsorb on matrix-vesicle biomimetic liposomes and Langmuir monolayers made of dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine (DPPS) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) in the absence and in the presence of Ca2+. Differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic light scattering measurements showed that Ca2+ at concentrations in the 0.5–2.0 mM range induced the aggregation of liposomes probably due to the formation of DPPS-enriched domains. However, annexin A5 avoided the aggregation of liposomes at Ca2+ concentrations lower than 1.0 mM. Surface pressure versus surface area isotherms showed that the adsorption of annexin A5 on the monolayers made of a mixture of DPPC and DPPS led to a reduction in the area of excess compared to the theoretical values, which confirmed that the protein favored attractive interactions among the membrane lipids. The stabilization of the lipid membranes by annexin A5 was also validated by recording the changes with time of the surface pressure. Finally, fluorescence microscopy images of lipid monolayers revealed the formation of spherical lipid-condensed domains that became unshaped and larger in the presence of annexin A5. Our data support the model that annexin A5 in matrix vesicles is recruited at the membrane sites enriched in phosphatidylserine and Ca2+ not only to contribute to the intraluminal mineral formation but also to stabilize the vesicles’ membrane and prevent its premature rupture.
Current use of percutaneous image-guided tumor ablation for the therapy of liver tumors: lessons learned from the registry of the German Society for Interventional Radiology and Minimally Invasive Therapy (DeGIR) 2018–2022
Authors: Zensen Sebastian , Bücker Arno , Meetschen Mathias , Haubold Johannes , Opitz Marcel , Theysohn Jens M. , Schramm Sara , Jochheim Leonie , Kasper Stefan , Forsting Michael , Schaarschmidt Benedikt Michael
Published: November 2023

Objectives

Percutaneous image-guided tumor ablation of liver malignancies has become an indispensable therapeutic procedure. The aim of this evaluation of the prospectively managed multinational registry of the voluntary German Society for Interventional Radiology and Minimally Invasive Therapy (DeGIR) was to analyze its use, technical success, and complications in clinical practice.

Materials and methods

All liver tumor ablations from 2018 to 2022 were included. Technical success was defined as complete ablation of the tumor with an ablative margin.

Results

A total of 7228 liver tumor ablations from 136 centers in Germany and Austria were analyzed. In total, 31.4% (2268/7228) of patients were female. Median age was 67 years (IQR 58–74 years). Microwave ablation (MWA) was performed in 65.1% (4703/7228), and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in 32.7% (2361/7228). Of 5229 cases with reported tumor etiology, 60.3% (3152/5229) of ablations were performed for liver metastases and 37.3% (1950/5229) for hepatocellular carcinoma. The median lesion diameter was 19 mm (IQR 12–27 mm). In total, 91.8% (6636/7228) of ablations were technically successful. The rate of technically successful ablations was significantly higher in MWA (93.9%, 4417/4703) than in RFA (87.3%, 2061/2361) (p < 0.0001). The total complication rate was 3.0% (214/7228) and was significantly higher in MWA (4.0%, 189/4703) than in RFA (0.9%, 21/2361, p < 0.0001). Additional needle track ablation did not increase the rate of major complications significantly (24.8% (33/133) vs. 28.4% (23/81), p = 0.56)).

Conclusion

MWA is the most frequent ablation method. Percutaneous image-guided liver tumor ablations have a high technical success rate, which is higher for MWA than RFA. The complication rate is generally low but is higher for MWA than RFA.

Clinical relevance statement

Percutaneous image-guided liver ablation using microwave ablation and radiofrequency ablation are effective therapeutic procedures with low complication rates for the treatment of primary and secondary liver malignancies.

Key Points

• Percutaneous image-guided liver tumor ablations have a high technical success rate, which is higher for microwave ablation than radiofrequency ablation.

• Microwave ablation is the most frequent ablation method ahead of radiofrequency ablation.

• The complication rate is generally low but is higher for microwave ablation than radiofrequency ablation.
Metal–organic framework-reduced graphene oxide (Zn-BDC@rGO) composite for selective discrimination among ammonia, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide
Authors: More Mayuri S. , Bodkhe Gajanan A. , Singh Fouran , Kim Myunghee , Shirsat Mahendra D.
Published: November 2023

The structural diversity and high surface reactivity of the metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) offer an ideal material platform for various applications such as gas storage, gas separation, catalyst, etc. However, their use in chemiresistive gas sensing is limited due to the requirement of optimized gas adsorption properties with electrical conductivity. In the present investigation, we have modulated the electrical properties of zinc benzene dicarboxylate (Zn-BDC) MOF by modifying it with partially reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The Zn-BDC and rGO composite (Zn-BDC@rGO) was synthesized by utilizing a solvothermal method and multiparametrically tested by various techniques such as X-Ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and I–V characteristics, for its structural, spectroscopic, morphological, surface area analysis, thermal stability, and electrical characterization, respectively. The synthesized Zn-BDC@rGO composite was deposited via drop casting method on the copper electrodes on a glass substrate (100 µm gap) using the shadow mask technique by the e-beam evaporator, and tested for the detection of ammonia, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide using chemiresistive modality. The principal component analysis (PCA) indicates that the developed sensor selectively discriminates among the NH3, CO, and SO2 gases with low response/recovery time, i.e., 60/120 s at 20 ppm, which is far below the permissible exposure limit (PEL) suggested by The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), USA for CO and NH3 and very close to the PEL level of SO2.
Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol improves patient outcomes in free flap surgery for head and neck cancer
Authors: Nieminen Teija , Tapiovaara Laura , Bäck Leif , Lindford Andrew , Lassus Patrik , Lehtonen Lasse , Mäkitie Antti , Keski-Säntti Harri
Published: November 2023

Background

In recent years, enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) guidelines have been developed to optimize pre-, intra-, and postoperative care of surgical oncology patients. The aim of this study was to compare management outcome of patients undergoing head and neck cancer (HNC) surgery with free flap reconstruction at our institution before and after the implementation of the ERAS guidelines.

Methods

This retrospective study comprised 283 patients undergoing HNC surgery with free flap reconstruction between 2013 and 2020. Patients operated before and after the implementation of the ERAS protocol in October 2017 formed the pre-ERAS group (n = 169), and ERAS group (n = 114), respectively.

Results

In the pre-ERAS group the mean length of stay (LOS) and intensive care unit length of the stay (ICU–LOS) were 20 days (range 7–79) and 6 days (range 1–32), and in the ERAS group 13 days (range 3–70) and 5 days (range 1–24), respectively. Both LOS (p < 0.001) and ICU–LOS (p = 0.042) were significantly reduced in the ERAS group compared to the pre-ERAS group. There were significantly fewer medical complications in the ERAS group (p < 0.003). No difference was found between the study groups in the surgical complication rate or in the 30-day or 6-month mortality rate after surgery.

Conclusions

We found reduced LOS, ICU–LOS, and medical complication rate, but no effect on the surgical complication rate after implementation of the ERAS guidelines, which supports their use in major HNC surgery.
Additional measures of macular function beyond visual acuity
Authors: Ríos Hernán Andrés , Lövestam-Adrian Monica , Plainis Sotiris , Tsilimbaris Miltiadis , Joussen Antonia M. , Keegan David , Charles Martin , Cunha-Vaz José , Midena Edoardo
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Visual function is a complex process in which external visual stimuli are interpreted. Patients with retinal diseases and prolonged follow-up times may experience changes in their visual function that are not detected by the standard visual acuity measure, as they are a result of other alterations in visual function. With the advancement of different methods to evaluate visual function, additional measurements have become available, and further standardization suggests that some methods may be promising for use in clinical trials or routine clinical practice. The objectives of this article are to review these additional measurements and to provide guidance on their application.

Methods

The Vision Academy’s membership of international retinal disease experts reviewed the literature and developed consensus recommendations for the application of additional measures of visual function in routine clinical practice or clinical trials.

Results

Measures such as low-luminance visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, retinal fixation and microperimetry, and reading performance are measures which can complement visual acuity measurements to provide an assessment of overall visual function, including impact on patients’ quality of life. Measures such as dark adaptation, color vision testing, binocular vision testing, visual recognition testing, and shape discrimination require further optimization and validation before they can be implemented in everyday clinical practice.

Conclusion

Additional measurements of visual function may help identify patients who could benefit from earlier diagnosis, detection of disease progression, and therapeutic intervention. New and additional functional clinical trial endpoints are required to fully understand the early stages of macular disease, its progression, and the response to treatment.
Dynamic hip screw in proximal femoral fractures followed by “single-stage” hip arthroplasty—retrospective analysis
Authors: Hrubina Maros , Necas Libor , Sammoudi Diaa , Cabala Juraj , Lisy Peter , Holjencik Jozef , Melisik Marian , Cibula Zoltan
Published: November 2023

The aim of this study is to present the results of single-stage total hip arthroplasty (THA) after Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS) failure, or secondary posttraumatic osteoarthrosis. From 2003 to 2020, 15 THAs were performed in group of 15 patients for the treatment of DHS failure, or for late complications following femoral neck and pertrochanteric fractures. The mean follow-up period after arthroplasty was 46.9 months (range 7–139). The patients were evaluated retrospectively—both clinically and radiographically, focussing on the demography, infection rate and other complications (revision surgery), during the year 2023. 9 males and 6 females were included in the study, with a mean age of 56.5 years (range 29–93) at the time of primary osteosynthesis. Each of them had proximal femoral fracture treated primarily with a DHS and then late one-stage revision surgery, with hardware removal and THA implantation. The median time between DHS osteosynthesis and THA was 41.2 months (range 4–114). Four patients (26.6%) had complications after THA, with the need for revision in two cases (13.3%). Dislocation rate was 6.6% (one case), with the need for repeated-revision of THA. The infection rate was 6.6% (one patient) with the need for revision of THA. Peroperative periprosthetic femoral fracture was observed in 13.3% (two patients) without any other problems. Six patients (40%) died during the follow-up period. Single-stage total hip arthroplasty with concomitant hardware removal bears a high- mortality rate, with a higher incidence of postoperative complications compared to elective THA.
Early detection of nerve involvement in presymptomatic TTR mutation carriers: exploring potential markers of disease onset
Authors: Romano Angela , Guglielmino Valeria , Bisogni Giulia , Di Paolantonio Andrea , Truini Andrea , Minnella Angelo Maria , Sciarrone Maria Ausilia , Vitali Francesca , Maceroni Martina , Galosi Eleonora , Sabatelli Mario , Luigetti Marco
Published: November 2023

Background

Hereditary transthyretin (ATTRv) amyloidosis is a heterogeneous, progressive, multisystemic disease with a life-threatening course if left untreated. Given the current availability of effective therapies, close follow-up of presymptomatic TTR mutation carriers is essential to recognize disease onset at the earliest sign. In addition to routine techniques, in recent years several novel tools have been proposed, although a consensus on their use has not been reached yet. In this paper, we aimed to evaluate possible markers of neuropathic disease onset intended to discriminate clinically asymptomatic carriers from early symptomatic patients, thus allowing timely treatment initiation.

Methods

Thirty-eight presymptomatic carriers were enrolled. Clinical and electrophysiological findings at first evaluation and follow-up were collected. All carriers underwent an extensive clinical and instrumental evaluation according to the standard clinical practice. One or more non-routine investigations, whose use in this field is not yet validated (henceforth “unconventional”), were additionally assessed in a subgroup of individuals.

Results

Based on the exclusive use of routine investigations, it was possible to define disease onset in 4/38 carriers during the follow-up. Employing additionally one or more “unconventional” tests, abnormal findings, indicative of a possible “conversion” to symptomatic disease, were detected in further 12 cases. More than half of our study cohort showed findings suggestive of small nerve fiber (SF) involvement at either invasive or non-invasive tests.

Conclusions

A close, multidisciplinary monitoring of presymptomatic TTR mutation carriers is fundamental, and diagnostic workup should include both routine and “unconventional” tests. Assessment of SF involvement is important also in non-endemic countries.
Using social network analysis to track the evolution of Pacific food system research collaborations over time
Authors: Friedman Rachel S. , Mackenzie Ellis , Chan-Tung Asenati L. , Allen Matthew G. , Crimp Steven
Published: November 2023

Climate change undermines the foundations of food and nutrition security, making it crucial to understand and improve the current research collaborations striving to fill knowledge gaps about the impacts on food systems. This study focuses on the network of research actors working on food systems and climate change in Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs), a region particularly vulnerable to climate change, and actively integrating knowledge about climate impacts to inform adaptation planning. Specifically, this study looks at co-publication as a form of research collaboration and co-production, using network analysis to understand who are the prominent organizational actors driving knowledge development in the region. Overall, we found a distinct core of these organizations engaged in the research space, dominated in number by academic institutions largely based in Australia, the USA, and New Zealand, but knit together through the interactions of the regional government agencies of the Pacific Islands. Over time, the network of research collaboration on climate change and food systems in the region has grown and diversified. While regional Pacific institutions have remained central actors throughout, national and subnational actors are still in the minority, raising questions about efforts to decolonize research in the region. Furthermore, greater interaction between peripheral actors and the core (especially Pacific actors) could help integrate new research into Pacific knowledge bases and decision-making. Ultimately, when facing the novel conditions that climate change brings, combining the infusion of new knowledge and innovation with local expertise and ownership is critical.
Comparison of X-ray Computed Tomography and Ultrasonic C-Scan Techniques and Numerical Modelling of Impact Damage in a CFRP Composite Laminate
Authors: Evans E. E. , Brooks R. A. , Liu J. , Hall Z. E. C. , Liu H. , Lowe T. J. E. , Withers P. J. , Kinloch A. J. , Dear J. P.
Published: November 2023

Two different experimental techniques are employed to visualize the impact damage generated by a low-velocity impact on a carbon-fibre reinforced-polymer (CFRP) composite laminate. At the relatively low impact-velocity of 1.69 m.s−1, and a corresponding impact energy of 7.5 J, used in the present work the damage induced in the CFRP panel is barely visible to the naked eye but the techniques of ultrasonic C-scan and X-ray computed tomography (CT) can detect the damage that has occurred. This damage is mostly interlaminar damage, i.e. delaminations, between the plies due to a change in modulus from one ply to the next in the laminate. This interlaminar damage is usually accompanied by intralaminar damage, e.g. matrix cracking, in the ply itself. The type and extent of damage detected from using these two techniques is discussed and the relative merits of these techniques are compared. In general, the CT gave the better resolved picture of damage but the lateral extent of the damage was underestimated relative to C-scan which was more sensitive to very fine delamination cracks. In addition, a numerical approach, based on a finite-element analysis model, is employed to predict the type, location and extent of damage generated by the impact event and the modelling predictions are compared to the experimental results.
Development and validation of the Workplace Learning Inventory in Health Sciences Education: a multimethod study
Authors: Steinberg Evelyn , Marsch Stephan , Yanagida Takuya , Dörrenbächer-Ulrich Laura , Pfeiffer Christopher , Bührle Petra , Schwarz Lukas , Auer Ulrike , Kleinsorgen Christin , Perels Franziska
Published: November 2023

Health sciences students face many challenges in regard to clinical practical learning. A better understanding of student learning is required to address student needs in this crucial phase. The theory of self-regulated learning provides a comprehensive view of learning and could serve as a basis for further research. There are instruments to assess self-regulated learning in preclinical academic learning. However, there are no such instruments for workplace learning. The aim of the present study is to provide a comprehensive inventory from which researchers can select those scales that are relevant to their research questions in the investigation of workplace learning. Hence, the aim is to develop and validate a set of scales to assess undergraduates’ workplace learning in health sciences education in four areas (cognition, motivation, emotion, and context) on two levels (the learning process level and the metalevel). Study 1 is a qualitative multimethod study to identify indicators and develop items. It integrates the perspectives of students, teachers, and researchers and includes six steps: literature review, interviews, synthesis, item development, expert review, and cognitive pretesting. This study yields a set of scales for each area on both levels. Study 2 is a quantitative study to assess the psychometric properties. The results show acceptable values in terms of unidimensionality, reliability and validity for each of the 31 scales. The newly developed Workplace Learning Inventory is comprehensive; the scales are relevant to workplace learning and short enough that their administration is feasible in the workplace setting. The rigorous process of questionnaire development contributes to the validity of scales. By providing the Workplace Learning Inventory, we hope to encourage research on workplace learning in health sciences education from an educational psychology perspective.
ISCEV standard pattern reversal VEP development: paediatric reference limits from 649 healthy subjects
Authors: Thompson Dorothy A. , Mikó-Baráth Eszter , Hardy Sharon E. , Jandó Gábor , Shaw Martin , Hamilton Ruth
Published: November 2023

Purpose

To establish the extent of agreement for ISCEV standard reference pattern reversal VEPs (prVEPs) acquired at three European centres, to determine any effect of sex, and to establish reference intervals from birth to adolescence.

Methods

PrVEPs were recorded from healthy reference infants and children, aged 2 weeks to 16 years, from three centres using closely matched but non-identical protocols. Amplitudes and peak times were modelled with orthogonal quadratic and sigmoidal curves, respectively, and two-sided limits, 2.5th and 97.5th centiles, estimated using nonlinear quantile Bayesian regression. Data were compared by centre and by sex using median quantile confidence intervals. The ‘critical age’, i.e. age at which P100 peak time ceased to shorten, was calculated.

Results

Data from the three centres were adequately comparable. Sex differences were not clinically meaningful. The pooled data showed rapid drops in P100 peak time which stabilised by 27 and by 34 weeks for large and small check widths, respectively. Post-critical-age reference limits were 87–115 ms and 96–131 ms for large and small check widths, respectively. Amplitudes varied markedly and reference limits for all ages were 5–57 μV and 3.5–56 μV for large and small check widths, respectively.

Conclusions

PrVEP reference data could be combined despite some methodology differences within the tolerances of the ISCEV VEP Standard, supporting the clinical benefit of ISCEV Standards. Comparison with historical data is hampered by lack of minimum reporting guidelines. The reference data presented here could be validated or transformed for use elsewhere.
Methodological approaches, challenges, and opportunities in the application of Mendelian randomisation to lifecourse epidemiology: A systematic literature review
Authors: Power Grace M. , Sanderson Eleanor , Pagoni Panagiota , Fraser Abigail , Morris Tim , Prince Claire , Frayling Timothy M. , Heron Jon , Richardson Tom G. , Richmond Rebecca , Tyrrell Jessica , Warrington Nicole , Davey Smith George , Howe Laura D. , Tilling Kate M.
Published: November 2023

Diseases diagnosed in adulthood may have antecedents throughout (including prenatal) life. Gaining a better understanding of how exposures at different stages in the lifecourse influence health outcomes is key to elucidating the potential benefits of disease prevention strategies. Mendelian randomisation (MR) is increasingly used to estimate causal effects of exposures across the lifecourse on later life outcomes. This systematic literature review explores MR methods used to perform lifecourse investigations and reviews previous work that has utilised MR to elucidate the effects of factors acting at different stages of the lifecourse. We conducted searches in PubMed, Embase, Medline and MedRXiv databases. Thirteen methodological studies were identified. Four studies focused on the impact of time-varying exposures in the interpretation of “standard” MR techniques, five presented methods for repeat measures of the same exposure, and four described methodological approaches to handling multigenerational exposures. A further 127 studies presented the results of an applied research question. Over half of these estimated effects in a single generation and were largely confined to the exploration of questions regarding body composition. The remaining mostly estimated maternal effects. There is a growing body of research focused on the development and application of MR methods to address lifecourse research questions. The underlying assumptions require careful consideration and the interpretation of results rely on select conditions. Whilst we do not advocate for a particular strategy, we encourage practitioners to make informed decisions on how to approach a research question in this field with a solid understanding of the limitations present and how these may be affected by the research question, modelling approach, instrument selection, and data availability.
New Economic Model of Eutrophication of Shallow Lakes and the Existence of Equivalent Policies
Authors: Bayón Luis , Ayuso Pedro Fortuny , Grau José M. , Ruiz María M.
Published: November 2023

The search for Skiba points in infinite-time optimal control problems with several steady states is an active research area. In this paper, we apply the backward integration method and show its power and relative simplicity as a tool for this task. We apply the method for the classical model of the economy shallow lake based on the phosphorous dynamics and explicitly compute the optimal trajectories and the Skiba points. We also suggest a more natural welfare function, which takes into account the finite value of any economic resource, and show, again in an explicit manner, that it also possesses Skiba points.