bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wearable Memorials
Authors: Marshik Celia
Published: September 2017

Demonstrates that the mackintosh is associated with poverty and lack of social capital; after the mac was reconfigured into the trench coat during WWI, it became aligned with the lack of individuality required by military service. After the war, writers used it to draw attention to the serialization of individuals as the result of global conflict. Writers continued to use the old time mackintosh to figure the limits placed on choice and singularity
Introduction
Authors: Schwabish Jonathan
Published: September 2017

Whether you’re a university professor, a researcher at a think tank, a graduate student, or an analyst at a private firm, chances are you follow three general steps when you approach new projects:

You have a question. You read the literature and collect and analyze some data. Then you spend days, weeks, or months drafting a brief, a journal article, a background or white paper, or a book. You solicit feedback from colleagues and gauge interest from publishers. You revise, revise, revise, and then you submit your document. It’s accepted, and finally published....
The Center’s Instruments of Local Control
Authors: Chung Jae Ho
Published: September 2017

Suggests that the People’s Republic’s principal mode of local control resembles that of the traditional China more than that of the pre-1949 revolutionary era in terms of preventive mechanisms, investigative instruments and tools of suppression,
Death, Mastery, and the Origins of Life
Authors: Fong Benjamin Y.
Published: September 2017

A close reading of Sections IV and V of Beyond the Pleasure Principle, a reading that produces initial articulations of the death drive and the drive to mastery.
Between Need and Dread
Authors: Fong Benjamin Y.
Published: September 2017

Interprets Hans Loewald's developmental model as an ontogenic translation of the phylogenic narrative of Beyond the Pleasure Principle.
Sport
Authors: Schulkin Jay
Published: September 2017

Sports are as varied as the people who play them. We run, jump, and swim. We kick, hit, and shoot balls. We ride sleds in the snow and surf in the sea. From the Olympians of ancient Greece to today’s professional athletes, from adult pickup soccer games to children’s gymnastics classes, people at all levels of ability at all times and in all places have engaged in sport. What drives this phenomenon?
In Sport, the neuroscientist Jay Schulkin argues that biology and culture do more than coexist when we play sports—they blend together seamlessly, propelling each other toward greater physical and intellectual achievement. To support this claim, Schulkin discusses history, literature, and art—and engages philosophical inquiry and recent behavioral research. He connects sport’s basic neural requirements, including spatial and temporal awareness, inference, memory, agency, direction, competitive spirit, and endurance, to the demands of other human activities. He affirms sport’s natural role as a creative evolutionary catalyst, turning the external play of sports inward and bringing insight to the diversion that defines our species. Sport, we learn, is a fundamental part of human life.
Genetics, Epigenetics, and Talent
Authors: Schulkin Jay
Published: September 2017

Looks at genes and their expression in athletic capability. There is no athletic gene; there is a general confluence of specific and general capabilities that converge on athletic expression. Such events reflect experience, culture and epigenetic expression; the absolute continuity of biology and culture; both a reflection of one another.
Sport and Successful Aging
Authors: Schulkin Jay
Published: September 2017

What is clear is the richness of biology, culture, and deep relationships; sport reveals what makes us human in our biological evolution and in its modification and expansion into cultural evolution. An evolutionary perspective is one route to understanding sport; blended with our biology, culture fuels our capabilities. The evolution of the brain and other organ systems were vital steps in how we became able to do sport and how other hominoids did not. And research has now entered the arena of genetics and epigenetics in understanding sports capability.
Getting Started
Authors: Reamer Frederic G.
Published: September 2017

Begins with a compelling case about an inmate, convicted of a multiple murder, with whom I worked. I then provide an overview of the history of parole and parole board law, protocols, and procedures. I also explore the relevance of the free will-determinism debate.
Punishment, Retribution, and Shame
Authors: Reamer Frederic G.
Published: September 2017

Focuses on the role of punishment and retribution in parole board decisions, prison sentencing guidelines, and philosophical perspectives on just deserts and retribution. It includes extensive case examples and realistic dialogue.
The Pursuit of Justice
Authors: Reamer Frederic G.
Published: September 2017

Explores various philosophical perspectives on the concepts of justice and restorative justice and applies these concepts to a wide range of cases that appeared before the parole Board. Also discusses the prevalence of racial disparities in the inmate population, mental illness in the inmate population, inmate abuse, and the impact of segregation.
Introduction
Authors: Harris Eirik Lang
Published: September 2017

This is a book on Shen Dao 慎到‎, or, more accurately, a book on Shen Dao’s political philosophy as viewed through the lens of the Shenzi Fragments慎子逸文‎, a relatively short set of fragments that credibly can be attributed to him.1 But why a book on Shen Dao? Among many contemporary educated Chinese, mentioning his name draws a blank stare. Even among those who work in the field of early Chinese intellectual history or philosophy, the name Shen Dao rarely calls to mind much of interest. Those who have read the ...
Shen Dao’s Political Philosophy
Authors: Harris Eirik Lang
Published: September 2017

Builds up a picture of Shen Dao’s political philosophy by focusing on his analyses of the source, nature, and justification of political organization and order. I argue that his thought can only be understood by first coming to an understanding of his conception of the natural realm and how and why he believes that it is essential to model the social and political realm upon this natural realm. This understanding of nature only gets us so far, however, and must be coupled with a deeper awareness of human dispositions, primary among them that people act based on their own private interests, their strengths and abilities vary, and feelings of resentment and expectation arise when decisions are regarded as subjective. Only once these aspects of the natural world and human nature are understood and accounted for is it possible to construct a stable political realm.
Willa Cather’s Promiscuous Fiction
Authors: Harris Donal
Published: September 2017

Willa Cather’s ideal of the “unfurnished novel,” while ostensibly a rejection of what she calls “machine-made fiction,”, emerges directly out of her editorial work for the most influential magazine of the 1890s, McClure’s. It is here that she learned the best creative act is the one that cannot be seen on the page, which becomes the guiding aesthetic principal of her mature novels.
Our Eliot
Authors: Harris Donal
Published: September 2017

The mid-century explosion of articles about and reproductions of T.S. Eliot’s work in the pages of big magazines like Time and Life repatriates modernism, especially Eliot's The Waste Land, as the cultural arm of Cold War American nationalism. Thus, at the same time that modernism saturates American popular culture, mass-market magazines reimagine themselves as modernist texts.
Working from Home
Authors: Harris Donal
Published: September 2017

Journalistically speaking …

—DAVID FOSTER WALLACE, “Federer Both Flesh and Not”

THIS BOOK HAS MADE A CASE FOR THE CENTRALITY OF journalism—its office cultures, professional protocols, and print media—in the development and reception of literary modernism in the United States over the first half of the twentieth century. It has tracked the two fields’ codependence from the migration of the staff system out of the newspapers and into muckraking magazines like ...
The Road Ahead
Authors: Keohane Georgia Levenson
Published: September 2017

This book is neither the last nor the definitive word on innovative finance. Instead, it is meant to introduce the subject as a way to consider our individual and collective roles in financing the public good and in developing market solutions to market failures. The omissions are many, but they are fertile ground for the next generation of innovative finance solutions. This is particularly true as we think about the two major areas of investment required for our future prosperity: education and infrastructure....
When Love Entered Cinema
Authors: Atwood Blake
Published: September 2017

In 1992 Khatami abruptly left his position in the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance, and he cited the strict regulation of art as the reason for his resignation. This chapter examines the circumstances leading to his resignation and, in particular, it investigates the case of Mohsen Makhmalbaf’s controversial film Time for Love (1991). The release of Time for Love, which openly depicts a married woman’s affair, sparked a media frenzy, as conservative religious leaders, policymakers, and commentators blamed Khatami for its release, since the film had gone through the Ministry’s inspection process. The criticism launched against Khatami became so severe that he was forced to respond publically and defend his support of the film. This chapter examines the debates about Time for Love as they unfolded in newspaper editorials, political speeches, and religious sermons. These debates instruct us that the film industry helped to shape certain reformist ideas in the early 1990s, and it was Time for Love’s appropriation of a mystic aesthetic that appealed to these budding reformists.
Evidence for Miracles
Authors: Shapiro Larry
Published: September 2017

Can evidence for miracles meet the especially good standard required to have justified beliefs about them? Historians make use of various strategies to justify their claims about past events. The miracles purported in The Book of Mormon provide a nice case study for examining whether historical study can provide us with enough evidence to be justified in believing that they actually occurred. But, in this case, the evidence doesn't meet historical standards of adequacy, and is thus well-short of what's required for justified belief.
“Splintered Staves”
Authors: Rogers Gayle
Published: September 2017

Examines Ezra Pound’s aborted career as a Hispanist and translator of Spanish texts, from the late medieval Poema del Cid to romanceros (ballads), and his attacks on Germanic philology and his promotion of a comparative, poeticized mode of scholarship. His overlapping poetry and scholarship, dramatized the historical decline of Spanish literature, but insisted that imperial and literary flourishing must be separated. Together with Dos Passos, Pound illustrates the investment of modernist aesthetics, especially the signature style of fragmentation, in the new academic formations of the early twentieth century.
Jiménez, Modernism/o, and the Languages of Comparative Modernist Studies
Authors: Rogers Gayle
Published: September 2017

Uses Rubén Darío’s manipulation of the term modernismo and Jiménez’s relationship to the modernista movement, as elaborated in over four decades of critical writings, to rethink the paradigms of global modernist studies. This chapter demonstrates how Jiménez’s controversial conversion of a “dying” Spain into a vital node in a “universal” modernist network can redress some critical imbalances in the Anglophone-dominated field of modernist studies. It furthermore shows, through a brief philological examination in Hispanophone media, how the presumed death of Spain was central to the renovation of the term “modernismo” itself in Rubén Darío’s work, which Jiménez saw himself as inheriting. Placing translation and literary exchange at the center of his practices and theories, Jiménez reinscribes Spain into a global history of what I call “modernism/o”—a way of denoting his use of the Spanish word modernismo to signal an “epoch” whose history is in danger of being narrowed by the Anglophone conceptions of “modernism”—by permanently suspending both the word and the concept between English and Spanish, effectively capturing the mobile poetics that his work employs.
Intellectual Breakthroughs in the Tang-Song Transition
Authors: Yü Ying-shih
Published: September 2017

Describing the rise and development of Neo-Confucianism as the third and last major intellectual breakthrough in traditional China, this essay demonstrates the “prime mover” behind the breakthrough to be the new Chan Buddhism. It suggests that we can understand Neo-Confucianism better if we view it as the culmination of the long-lasting spiritual movement initially activated by the new Chan Buddhism in the eighth century. That is, Neo-Confucianism developed a metaphysical vision of transcendent reality in response to Chan Buddhism.
Qing Confucianism
Authors: Yü Ying-shih , Yü Ying-shih
Published: September 2017

This survey of Qing dynasty (1644-1911) Confucianism describes the process of intellectual change from Song-Ming Neo-Confucianism with its metaphysical questions to the classical scholarship that characterized Qing dynasty intellectualism. This paradigm shift is shown to have been initially triggered off and propelled by forces generated from within the Neo-Confucian philosophical development of the sixteenth century.
The Intimate Universal
Authors: Desmond William
Published: September 2017

William Desmond sees religion, art, philosophy, and politics as essential and distinctive modes of human practice, manifestations of an intimate universality that illuminates individual and social being. They are also surprisingly permeable phenomena, and by observing their relations, Desmond captures notes of a clandestine conversation that transforms ontology.
The Aesthetics of the Intimate Universal
Authors: Desmond William
Published: September 2017

Chapter 6 shows that in the aesthetic there is an intimacy which is elemental, and bound up with our being embodied participants in the field of being as itself an aesthetic happening. In that aesthetic intermedium, something of the metaxological promise of the universal is at play. The stress is on the universality of aesthetic happening as the embodiment of the intimacy. We can remain true to this, we can reconfigure it, we can mutilate it, we can communicate the secret of its promise more out in the open. More than the idiotics, the aesthetics of the intimate universal is out in the open in this more determinate embodied sense.
Transatlantic immobility
Authors: Bulson Eric
Published: September 2017

Chapter Two dismantles the myth about magazine mobility by focusing on two failed transatlantic exchanges: the Little Review and The Egoist during and immediately after World War I and The Dial and The Criterion in the early 1920s. Though these two pairs of magazines regularly published many of the same writers and even swapped critics and reviews, neither could generate a substantial transatlantic reading community. If, in the first instance, wartime postal regulations and censorship laws were largely to blame, the second was the result of something else: a newly emerging little magazine culture that was entering “middle-age,” as Ezra Pound put it. One side effect of this aging process involved editors like Scofield Thayer, who wanted to enlarge a nation-based reading public by cutting ties with an international one.
In italia, all’estero
Authors: Bulson Eric
Published: September 2017

Though F.T. Marinetti’s Futurism effectively transformed Italy into an international literary capital in the 1910s, the rise of Mussolini and his Fascist party after World War One had the opposite effect, gradually cutting writers, critics, and readers off from Europe. Riviste like La Ronda, Il Convegno, Il Baretti, and Solaria, were created to fight against a commercial and political “deprovincialization,” and it was done precisely by adapting the form to accommodate critical and literary transmission from beyond Italy’s borders.
Autotranslations
Authors: Vadde Aarthi
Published: September 2017

The first chapter turns to Tagore, whose auto-translations stand as examples of degraded art both because translations fail to meet the criteria of aesthetic originality and because the critical consensus around Tagore’s English works is that they fail to transmit the beauty and flair of their Bengali originals. Rather than discount Tagore’s translations, I centralize them and examine how he turned unglamorous, second-order acts of literary production, such as compilation, translation, and editing, into modernist strategies for preserving linguistic difference and partial unintelligibility as a style of transnational contact across imperial lines of power. Through my close readings of Nationalism (1916) and The Home and the World (1919), I show how Tagore treated his Bengali originals not as hermetically-sealed, finished works of art, but rather as repositories of material. Their translation and rearrangement into English allowed him to mediate between utopian internationalisms that dreamed of perfect communication between nations and autarkic nationalisms that argued for the cultural self-sufficiency of the nation as a marker of its readiness for sovereignty. Against both these more absolutist positions of globalism and nationalism, Tagore’s auto-translations intervene with a model of national autonomy that precludes cultural organicism and a model of internationalism that makes imperfect communication a feature of globalized collectivity with which to grapple rather than an obstacle to overcome.
Stories Without Plots
Authors: Vadde Aarthi
Published: September 2017

The third chapter brings together Caribbean-born migrant writers Claude McKay and George Lamming, and forms a bridge across the divides of period and national literature that usually assign McKay to the Harlem Renaissance and Lamming either to the category of postwar black British literature or Caribbean literature. In allowing these two writers to converge, I argue that a paranational account of modernist internationalism emerges in their mutual formal and theoretical engagement with plotlessness. A lack of a plot, understood in the polysemic terms of a planned-out heteronormative life, a collective political program, and a patch of land to call home, becomes the common ground from which McKay’s Banjo: A Story without a Plot (1929) and Lamming’s The Emigrants (1954) explore the fugitive life and fantasies of colonial black subjects within a securitized Europe. In deforming plot and finding an alternative idiom, rhythm, and structure for the mobility of stigmatized populations, McKay and Lamming’s novels anticipate contemporary theories of cosmopolitics and international law (namely, those of Etienne Balibar, Seyla Benhabib, and Nicolae Gheorghe), which have argued for the accommodation of transience within territorialized models of belonging and citizenship.
Formal Property Rights in Refugee Camps in Jordan
Authors: Hajj Nadya
Published: September 2017

In Chapter 3, Palestinians brokered agreements with the Jordanian government to create a formal system of rules. Jordanians hoped to control and co-opt the refugee camps after Black September. Though Palestinians enjoyed limited citizenship benefits in Jordan, Palestinians still resisted incorporation and pushed for protection through informal Palestinian practices of title adjudication and enforcement. A compromise was reached whereby Palestinian and Jordanian titling and enforcement practices were melded to protect assets from predation and resist total state incorporation.
Characteristics of the Iconicity of Simulations
Authors: Hinterwaldner Inge
Published: September 2017

Computer simulations are centered around events and come to the fore where prefabricated paths are avoided. However, these calculated constructs have nothing to do with phantasies of limitless possibilities. In order to frame the repertoire of available actions in a real time scenery, 'purpose filters' are built in. If a situation can be described as allowing only a limited set of events, then situationality is a major feature of simulations. Some further apparent characteristics are manifold variability, the provision of co-presence and simultaneity of the occurrences, a certain 'flatness' of events or uniformity of the whole constellation, as well as its interruption with montage-like cuts on the surface and substrate. These characteristics contribute to a better understanding of which kind of design set is at stake with simulations, where their borders and their strengths lie. What design strategy is to be adopted in order to provide an iconicity capable of contributing and constituting an instantaneity and flexibility?
Iconicity and Interactivity
Authors: Hinterwaldner Inge
Published: September 2017

Frank Popper roughly discriminates between two kinds of computer-based works: The ones built on data bases administer a collection of digitized material, and the ones of interest here that provide interactive real-time-based image worlds that are generated instantaneously. Whereas in the first versions the kind of transition is rarely linked to what is shown in the iconic scenery, the second image worlds undergo transformations, which can be afforded by an instantaneous generation of the sensuous impulse. The works based on permanent calculation processes are characterized by first making the transitory flow available to the interaction and second explicitly depicting the actions of the users instead of occluding them with pictorial metaphors. The granularity of the means of depiction facilitates a motive-oriented flexibility within these worlds. These are articulated elements that are related to the signified because the latter represent something mutable.
Pioneering by Free Innovators
Authors: von Hippel Eric
Published: September 2017

This chapter shows that there are basic differences in the types of innovations developed, and in the timing of innovations developed, within the two paradigms. This is because the incentives and behaviors of innovators acting within each paradigm fundamentally differ, thus innovation outcomes also systematically differ. Free innovators, being self-rewarding, are free to follow their own interests. Unlike producers, they need not work only on projects they expect the market to reward. They therefore generally pioneer functionally new applications and markets prior to producers understanding the opportunity. Producer innovators generally enter later, after the nature and the commercial potential of markets have become clear.
Preserving Free Innovators’ Legal Rights
Authors: von Hippel Eric
Published: September 2017

This chapter reviews household sector innovators' legal rights to engage in innovation and innovation diffusion. It reveals that free innovators have very strong legal rights, at least in the United States, with respect to both innovation development and innovation diffusion. Despite their generally favorable situation, however, free innovators' freedom to operate is frequently curtailed, and free innovation costs are often raised, by regulations or legislation promulgated for other purposes—often without awareness that free innovation even exists. To conclude, this chapter makes specific suggestions for improving this scenario, and also proposes an increase in awareness of free innovation as well as the benefits it brings to society.
Truth, Objectivity, and Emotional Caring: Filling In the Gaps of Haugeland’s Existentialist Ontology
Authors: Helm Bennett W.
Published: September 2017

In a remarkable series of papers, Haugeland lays out what is both a striking interpretation of Heidegger and a compelling account of objectivity and truth. Central to his account is a notion of existential commitment, which insists on the independence of the phenomena from our understanding. This requires the potential for us to change or give up on our understanding of the world in the face of apparently impossible phenomena. Although Haugeland never gives a clear account of existential commitment, he claims that it is fundamentally an individual matter. This, I argue, is a mistake that fails to make sense of the public, shared nature of the objective world. Instead, I offer an initial account of existential commitment as one we undertake jointly, and I analyze it (and the corresponding responsibility) in terms of interpersonal rational patterns of reactive attitudes: emotions like resentment, gratitude, indignation, approbation, guilt, and trust. The upshot is that our existential commitment is not only to a shared, objective world but also to each other such that our ability individually to take responsibility for our understanding of the world is intelligible only in terms of others' being able to hold us responsible for it.
“Two Dogmas of Rationalism”: A Second Encounter
Authors: Lance Mark
Published: September 2017

I develop, at John’s request, some objections I raised to Haugeland’s “Two Dogmas” when Haugeland presented the paper at Georgetown University. First, I suggest that what he identifies as ‘positivism’ should be seen more as an epistemological rather than an ontological dogma; and second, I push to clarify what is important and unique about Haugeland’s account of alethic modality. The account seeks to explain modality by focusing on the pragmatics of modal discourse rather than its semantics. Haugeland concedes too much in giving this account, namely that it can only account for free-standing modal claims. I argue that this would be fatal to the account, were it true, but that it is not. I offer an outline of a way to provide a fuller account of modal discourse in Haugeland’s pragmatic terms, drawing analogy with similar “pragmatist semantics” accounts of negation and other idioms.
Risk, Doing, Learning, and Uncertainty
Authors: Perez-Breva Luis , Fuhrer Nick
Published: September 2017

Your innovating requires you to be more alert regarding what you can do about what you think you know and don’t know. So, the notion of risk as hit or miss is limiting. But what really matters is how well you’re prepared to handle uncertainty. That depends largely on whether you have banked your future on a single thing being true or whether your ideas is robust and ready to survive changes. Show a learning path through a space of opportunity that reduces everyone’s tolerance for uncertainty and that explains how you intend to trade off certainty and risk as you scale up so you do not fail because of something you could have predicted and/or been prepared to ready. Remember, there is no risk at the outset; when risk enters the picture is largely a matter of scale. And if you absolutely must fail, make it come as a surprise to you and everyone, so everyone cherishes what is learned.
Competing through Meaning
Authors: Verganti Roberto
Published: September 2017

This chapter explores why innovation of meaning is relevant for businesses. Why it is a major differentiator. How does innovation of meaning create business value? Why is it relevant in current competition? And especially when is it relevant? What are the contextual drivers that lead to new meaning? When it is likely to occur? (I.e., when is it likely that in an industry a new vision succeeds, hopefully proposed by you rather than by a competitor?) This is due to two converging phenomena. On the one hand customers search for it (see above). On the other hand, only a few organizations know how to do it effectively. Firms have become extremely productive in generating ideas of solutions, especially thanks to the web and to creative methods such as design thinking. But the more ideas they create, the more they see a confused landscape in which they struggle to find a meaningful direction. In a way, the success and diffusion of problem solving is one of the major causes of its own loss of relevance, and of the prominence of innovation of meaning. Ideas are abundant. Meanings are rare. And value, in business, is in what’s rare.
The Art of Criticism
Authors: Verganti Roberto
Published: September 2017

This chapter focuses on the mindset to innovate in a world overcrowded by ideas. Innovation of solutions typically is built on the art of ideation. The more ideas are generated, the better the chance to find a good one. In a overcrowded world, the search for meaningful innovation instead requires the art of criticism. In fact, since the process starts from the inside, we need to be sure that what comes from us is meaningful to other people. We need to challenge our old assumptions; to question how we make sense of the environment; to seriously take in new perspectives. Taking a critical stance does not imply being negative but going deeper, searching for the contrasts, creating tensions, discussing differences, reshuffling things to find a new order. Without a critical reflection on what we believe in and what we search for, we would interpret new insights with old lenses. We would see only what we wanted to see. This principle is a significant departure from the fundaments of creative problem solving. Recent innovation studies have described criticism as being marginal or even deleterious. They are not wrong. They just address a different kind of innovation: the search for novel solutions. But when it comes to breakthrough meaningful directions, these principles are simply turned upside down.
Cannabinoids and the Brain
Authors: Parker Linda A.
Published: September 2017

Cannabinoids and the Brain introduces an informed general audience to the scientific discovery of the endocannabinoid system and recent preclinical research that explains its importance in brain functioning. The endocannabinoids, anandamide and 2-AG, act on the same cannabinoid receptors, that are activated by the primary psychoactive compound found in marijuana, Δ‎9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Therefore, the scientific investigations of the functions of the endocannabinoid system are guided by the known effects of marijuana on the brain and body. The book reviews the scientific evidence of the role that the endocannabinoid system plays in regulating emotion, anxiety, depression, psychosis, reward and addiction, learning and memory, feeding, nausea/vomiting, pain, epilepsy, and other neurological disorders. Anecdotal reports are linked with the current scientific literature on the medicinal benefits of marijuana. Cannabis contains over 80 chemicals that have closely related structures, called cannabinoids, but the only major mood-altering constituent is THC. Another major plant cannabinoid is cannabidiol (CBD), which is not psychoactive; yet, considerable recent preclinical research reviewed in various chapters reveals that CBD has promising therapeutic potential in treatment of pain, anxiety, nausea and epilepsy. Only recently, has research been conducted with some of the other compounds found in cannabis. The subject matter of the book is extremely timely in light of the current ongoing debate not only about medical marijuana, but also about its legal status.
Cannabinoids and Emotional Regulation
Authors: Parker Linda A.
Published: September 2017

Marijuana is often used for relaxation, therefore, it is not surprising that the endocannabinoid system is critically involved in the regulation of emotion, anxiety and mood. In preclinical animal models, THC and other CB1 agonists produce a biphasic effect on anxiety, with low doses reducing anxiety (by blocking the release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate) and high doses promoting anxiety (by blocking the release of the inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA). As well, CBD reduces anxiety in both preclinical and clinical research, but by a non-CB1 mechanism of action. One of the most promising treatments for cannabinoids is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Considerable preclinical animal research and small-scale clinical trials have shown that activation of the endocannabinod system may promote extinction of aversive memories. The endocannabinoid system regulates the action of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis, which controls the release of stress hormones.
Governing Complex Systems
Authors: Young Oran R.
Published: September 2017

Governing for sustainability in a world of complex systems will require new social capital in the form of innovative steering mechanisms that differ in important respects from those familiar to us from past experience. Complex systems feature high levels of connectivity, nonlinear dynamics, directional change, and emergent properties. Creating effective governance arrangements in such settings calls for an ability to combine the durability required to guide behavior with the agility needed to adjust or reform institutional arrangements to cope with rapidly changing circumstances. Success in such endeavors will depend on a capacity to supplement mainstream regulatory approaches to governance with new governance strategies. Promising examples include governance through goal-setting and principled governance. But additional innovations in this realm will be necessary to address needs for governance arising in the Anthropocene. The way forward in this effort will be to build cooperative relations between analysts and practitioners rather than treating them as separate communities that respond to different incentives and operate in different worlds.
The Digital Mind
Authors: Oliveira Arlindo
Published: September 2017

This book addresses the connections between computers, life, evolution, brains, and minds. Digital computers are recent and have changed our society. However, they represent just the latest way to process information, using algorithms to create order out of chaos. Before computers, the job of processing information was done by living organisms, which are nothing more than complex information processing devices, shaped by billions of years of evolution. The most advanced of these information processing devices is the human brain. Brains enable humans to process information in a way unparalleled by any other species, living or extinct, or by any existing machine. They provide humans with intelligence, consciousness and, some believe, even with a soul. Brains also enabled humans to develop science and technology to a point where it is possible to design computers with a power comparable to that of the human brain. Machine learning and artificial intelligence technologies will one day make it possible to create intelligent machines and computational biology will one day enable us to model, simulate, and understand biological systems and even complete brains, with unprecedented levels of detail. From these efforts, new minds will eventually emerge, minds that will emanate from the execution of programs running in powerful computers. These digital minds may one day rival our own, become our partners, and replace humans in many tasks. They may usher in a technological singularity, may make humans obsolete or even a threatened species. They make us super-humans or demi-gods.
Contradictory values in the process of organizational change: a case study
Authors: Janicijevic Nebojsa
Published: September 2017

Values have always been perceived as a guide for action at both individual and organizational levels. By showcasing an example of one Serbian company, the paper aims to present how employees and managers’ collective values can be inconsistent and contradictory, as well as the causes and effects of such a state of company’ system of values. The research was conducted by applying a case study method in a Serbian company comprising both qualitative and quantitative research techniques. The company was in the process of intensive organizational changes at the time of the research. The research has shown that it is possible for values of the employees and managers to be contradictory and that this contradiction is caused by radical changes both in the environment and in the organization itself. The research has also shown that this contradiction characterizes the Moving Phase in the process of organizational change, and that it is likely to disappear when company moves into the Refreezing Phase in the change process. The conclusions of this paper imply that the structure of collective values in organizations must be taken into account both in research and in practice of change management. Generalization of conclusions and implications is limited by the nature of the applied case study research method.
Competence requirements for logistics managers in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Cvetić Biljana , Vasiljević Dragan , Danilović Miloš
Published: September 2017

This paper examines the competences that the employers in the logistics and supply chain management (SCM) field require most from employees in the Republic of Serbia. To reveal these competences, we conducted the study of online advertisements of logistics and SCM jobs published in the renowned national job portal Infostud. We used a deductive content analysis and related quantitative indicators to process and analyse the data. The results, among other conclusions, indicate the most required professional and fundamental competences from the logistics and supply chain managers in the Republic of Serbia. When the results of this study are compared with several earlier studies done in the US, the Great Britain and Germany, some similarities between these empirically obtained results are found. Several recommendations for educators that intend to improve study programmes and plans in the field of logistics and SCM are also offered. The results of this study can be valuable to interested educators, to individuals who are interested in logistics and supply chain career development, to human resource managers who are recruiting candidates for these jobs, and to others interested parties.
Selected nutritional habits of teenagers associated with overweight and obesity
Authors: Zalewska Magdalena , Maciorkowska Elżbieta
Published: September 2017

Introduction

A balanced diet is at the heart of healthy growth and development of children and youth, whereas inappropriate eating habits considerably influence the incidence of disorders connected with nutrition, including overweight and obesity. This paper aims at studying nutritional factors of 18-year-old secondary school youth in the urban environment and their effect on the incidence of overweight and obesity.

Materials and methods

The survey was conducted among 1,999 secondary school students chosen at random. The research tool consisted an original survey questionnaire. The measurements of respondents’ height and body mass provided data for calculating the body mass index.

Results and conclusion

The percentage of youth with deficient body mass was estimated at 8.4%. The percentage of normal weight students in the surveyed group was estimated at 77.6%. Overweight and obesity characterized 14.0% of the total number. As many as 21.8% of overweight and obese respondents would eat one or two meals as opposed to 16.8% of normal weight students. Three-fourths of the surveyed students would eat breakfast regardless of their nutritional habits. Lunch is eaten by 52.9% of normal weight 18-year-olds and 46.1% of overweight and obese students. The analysis of mealtimes suggests that overweight and obese students would have their breakfast and dinner at later hours than the rest of the surveyed. More than half of the participating students failed to eat lunch (53.9%), and one in four students within this group resigned from supper. Girls would eat fruit and vegetables more frequently than boys several times a day. The percentage of persons in the surveyed groups who would eat fast foods on a daily basis was similar regardless of their nutritional status. Sweetened carbonated beverages would be drunk more often by overweight and obese boys (81.2%) as compared with boys with proper body mass (75.8%). The same type of beverages would be popular with two-thirds of girls, and this result was similar regardless of their nutritional status. About 44.2% of overweight and obese girls and 20% of girls with proper body mass attempted to lose weight, and 5.7% of boys tried to go on a diet. Eating limitations were declared by 16.5% of overweight and obese boys and ca. 3% of normal weight boys.

Conclusion

Within the surveyed group of youth, it was possible to indicate eating errors primarily consisting in irregular eating, too low a number of meals during the day, particularly skipping breakfast, which took place more frequently among overweight and obese students rather than normal weight ones. The survey points to the insufficient intake of vegetables and fruit as opposed to salty and sweet meals. It is essential to convey the knowledge on the causes of overweight and obesity as well as rules of a healthy diet as factors preventing civilization diseases.
SABER ELEMENTAR E A FORMAÇÃO DA RAZÃO COMUM EM CONDORCET: ENSINO DE MATEMÁTICA E EMANCIPAÇÃO
Authors: Silva Sidney Reinaldo da
Published: September 2017

Para Condorcet, a institucionalização do saber elementar se justifica como uma exigência ou condição da própria república na forma de democracia representativa. A república, segundo o Marquês, é o governo da razão comum e de uma constante submissão da lei às provas de sua validade. Mas, para avaliar e criticar as leis, são necessárias capacidades racionais que se desenvolvem e fortalecem por meio da instrução. Com a instrução pública, a razão estabelece os fundamentos de sua própria formação. Este texto apresenta o valor do saber elementar matemático na formação da referida “razão comum”.
PRESENÇA DO PENSAMENTO POSITIVISTA NAS ESCOLAS
Authors: Cecílio Waléria Adriana Gonçalez , Mesquida Peri
Published: September 2017

Este estudo tem como objetivo apreender as influências deixadas pelo positivismo na escola primária paranaense nas primeiras décadas do século XX. Para a análise, o estudo se apoia nos pensamentos de Francis Bacon, René Descartes e Auguste Comte. Como principais fontes de pesquisa, o estudo particulariza Regulamentos, Regimentos Internos, Programas de Ensino e Relatórios da Instrução Pública Paranaense e a revista O Ensino. O estudo constatou a presença de uma abordagem regulatória, na qual o altruísmo, a disciplina, a matemática, o prático e o útil, o ideal de neutralidade, os testes de inteligência e a padronização de conteúdo e metodologia de ensino eram incorporados, reproduzindo os ideais positivistas visando ao amor por princípio, a ordem por base, e o progresso por fim, na escola primária.
DOS ENUNCIADOS ACERCA DA MATEMÁTICA E DO DESENHO NOS GRUPOS ESCOLARES CATARINENSES
Authors: Santos Piersandra Simão dos , Kuhn Thaline Thiesen , Flores Claudia Regina
Published: September 2017

Este ensaio tem como propósito pensar como se deu a escolarização da matemática por meio dos programas de ensino (1911-1914) acerca das matérias de aritmética, geometria e desenho nos grupos escolares catarinenses. Para tanto, tomam-se os programas como efeitos de um discurso, procurando discutir quais enunciados que permearam o ensino de matemática e de desenho nesses programas. Em seguida, discute-se os conteúdos, as estratégias, os recursos e as sugestões propostas nos programas de ensino supracitados. Por fim, tecem-se possíveis considerações em torno do processo de escolarização da matemática e do desenho nos primeiros anos de escolaridade nos grupos escolares de Santa Catarina.
DIENES E A MATEMÁTICA VIVA: ENSINO E APRENDIZAGEM POR MEIO DE JOGOS ESTRUTURADOS
Authors: Novaes Barbara Winiarski Diesel , França Denise Medina de Almeida
Published: September 2017

O presente artigo tem por objetivo verificar os processos de apropriação das experiências de Zoltan Paul Dienes em revistas pedagógicas para o ensino primário ao tempo do movimento da matemática moderna. Traremos como referencial os estudos da história da educação e da história cultural. Concluímos que nos artigos analisados, há ênfase para a maneira de ensinar de acordo com as fases de desenvolvimento cognitivo, da utilização de jogos com materiais estruturados e da metodologia mais adequada para cada uma delas. O estudo também revela o pioneirismo de um grupo de professores do Rio Grande do Sul na apropriação e circulação das ideias de Dienes e experimentação em classes piloto das séries inicias.
RECURSOS EDUCACIONAIS ABERTOS NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA: PRESSUPOSTOS TEÓRICOS QUE SUBSIDIAM A SUA CONSTRUÇÃO
Authors: Vagula Edilaine
Published: September 2017

O estudo teórico-descritivo tem como objetivo analisar as teorias pedagógicas que subsidiam o trabalho com os Recursos Educacionais Abertos, partindo do trabalho participativo e da produção do conhecimento em rede, desenvolvidas por processo de colaboração e co-criação.  Como resultados destacamos a perspectiva da aprendizagem colaborativa, dada à importância de o professor criar condições para configurar um ensino em rede, desenvolvendo competências para o emprego colaborativo das tecnologias. Concluímos que o processo de co-criação subjacente à aprendizagem colaborativa, contribui com a discussão sobre novas formas de interação e dialogicidade, possibilitando compartilhar o conhecimento construído coletivamente, ressaltando a importância das mídias no contexto atual da escola.
MÚSICA, UMA LINGUAGEM EDUCOMUNICATIVA
Authors: De Sales Fernanda , S. Sartori Ademilde , Gértrudix Barrio Manuel
Published: September 2017

Esse artigo apresenta a música como linguagem a ser usada em práticas Educomunicativas porque, na perspectiva dos ecossistemas comunicativos, carrega em si os significados de um tempo e de um espaço. Parte da concepção de Ecossistema Comunicativo proposta por Martín-Barbero, que apresenta como características as atuais formas de produção e comunicação do conhecimento em ambiências influenciadas por tecnologias de informação e comunicação, e saberes dispersos, difusos.  Mostra que essas características difusas são compatíveis com a fluidez da música enquanto unidade capaz de comunicar e com práticas pedagógicas educomunicativas.
Is it Time to Refocus the Role of the CDC?
Authors: Gottlieb Scott M.
Published: October 2024

This JAMA Forum discusses the responsibilities of public health agencies that overlap with those of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and argues that the role of the CDC could be redirected to better meet the needs of its core mission—infectious disease control.