bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Approach in Pressure Transient Analysis: Using Numerical Density Derivatives to Improve Diagnosis of Flow Regimes and Estimation of Reservoir Properties for Multiple Phase Flow
Authors: Biu Victor Torkiowei , Zheng Shi-Yi
Published: July 2015

This paper presents the numerical density derivative approach (another phase of numerical welltesting) in which each fluid’s densities around the wellbore are measured and used to generate pressure equivalent for each phase using simplified pressure-density correlation, as well as new statistical derivative methods to determine each fluid phase’s permeabilities, and the average effective permeability for the system with a new empirical model. Also density related radial flow equations for each fluid phase are derived and semilog specialised plot of density versus Horner time is used to estimate k relative to each phase. Results from 2 examples of oil and gas condensate reservoirs show that the derivatives of the fluid phase pressure-densities equivalent display the same wellbore and reservoir fingerprint as the conventional bottom-hole pressure BPR method. It also indicates that the average effective kave ranges between 43 and 57 mD for scenarios (a) to (d) in Example 1.0 and 404 mD for scenarios (a) to (b) in Example 2.0 using the new fluid phase empirical model for K estimation. This is within the k value used in the simulation model and likewise that estimated from the conventional BPR method. Results also discovered that in all six scenarios investigated, the heavier fluid such as water and the weighted average pressure-density equivalent of all fluid gives exact effective k as the conventional BPR method. This approach provides an estimate of the possible fluid phase permeabilities and the % of each phase contribution to flow at a given point. Hence, at several dp' stabilisation points, the relative k can be generated.
Artemisia princepsInhibits Biofilm Formation and Virulence-Factor Expression of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Choi Na-Young , Kang Sun-Young , Kim Kang-Ju
Published: July 2015

In this study, we used ethanol extract ofA. princepsand investigated its antibacterial effects against MRSA. Ethanol extract ofA. princepssignificantly inhibited MRSA growth and organic acid production during glucose metabolism at concentrations greater than 1 mg/mL (P < 0.05). MRSA biofilm formation was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and safranin staining.A. princepsextract was found to inhibit MRSA biofilm formation at concentrations higher than 2 mg/mL significantly (P < 0.05). Bactericidal effects of theA. princepswere observed using confocal laser microscopy, which showed thatA. princepswas bactericidal in a dose-dependent manner. Using real-time PCR, expression ofmecA, an antibiotic-resistance gene of MRSA, was observed, along with that ofsea, agrA, andsarA.A. princepssignificantly inhibitedmecA, sea, agrA, andsarA, mRNA expression at the concentrations greater than 1 mg/mL (P < 0.05). The phytochemical analysis ofA. princepsshowed a relatively high content of organic acids and glycosides. The results of this study suggest that the ethanol extract ofA. princepsmay inhibit proliferation, acid production, biofilm formation, and virulence gene expressions of MRSA, which may be related to organic acids and glycosides, the major components in the extract.
Changes of Motivational Variables in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis in an Exercise Intervention: Associations between Physical Performance and Motivational Determinants
Authors: Geertz Wiebke , Dechow Anna-Sophie , Patra Stefan , Heesen Christoph , Gold Stefan M. , Schulz Karl-Heinz
Published: July 2015

Objectives. This study examines the effects of a standardized fitness training on motivational factors such as the intention to be physically active, self-efficacy, perceived barriers, counterstrategies, and exercise specific social support in patients with progressive Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and the relation of these factors to physical performance.Methods. Moderately disabled patients with secondary or primary progressive MS (Expanded Disability Status Scale of 4–6) were randomized to a training group or a waitlist control group. Patients completed on average 20 sessions of training tailored to their individual fitness at baseline over a course of 8–12 weeks. Motivational variables (stage of change according to the transtheoretical model (TTM), self-efficacy, perceived barriers, counterstrategies, and exercise specific social support) were assessed via questionnaires at baseline and follow-up.Results. Forty patients completed the trial. We found significant effects on stages of changep=.016and self-efficacyp=.014and a trend in counterstrategiesp=.08. Significant correlations between change of physical performance during the exercise training and change in the TTM, perceived barriers, and counterstrategies were detected.Conclusion. This study indicates that tailored individual endurance training could stabilize self-efficacy and increase exercise motivation in patients with progressive MS. Motivational variables were related to the physical performance.
The Effect of LatentToxoplasma gondiiInfection on the Immune Response in HIV-Infected Patients
Authors: Beran Ondrej , Kodym Petr , Maly Marek , Davidova Alzbeta , Reinvartova Gabriela , Jilich David , Holub Michal , Rozsypal Hanus
Published: July 2015

A relationship between latent toxoplasmosis and the immune system during HIV disease is poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this follow-up study was to characterize immunological parameters in HIV-infected patients with latent toxoplasmosis and noninfected individuals. A total of 101 HIV-infected patients were enrolled in the study. The patients were classified into two groups based on anti-Toxoplasma gondiiantibodies: a group of 55 toxoplasma-positive persons (TP) and a group of 46 toxoplasma-negative persons (TN). Absolute counts of several lymphocyte subsets decreased in the TP group, namely, T cells (p=0.007), B cells (p=0.002), NK cells (p=0.009), CD4 T cells (p=0.028), and CD8 T cells (p=0.004). On the other hand, the percentage of CD8 T cells expressing CD38 and HLA-DR significantly increased during the follow-up in the TP group (p=0.003,p=0.042, resp.) as well as the intensity of CD38 and HLA-DR expression (MFI) on CD8 T cells (p=0.001,p=0.057, resp.). In the TN group, analysis of the kinetics of immunological parameters revealed no significant changes over time. In conclusion, the results suggest that latentT. gondiiinfection modulates the immune response during HIV infection.
Pregnancy Rate after Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation and Intrauterine Insemination for the Treatment of Endometriosis following Surgery
Authors: Keresztúri Attila , Kozinszky Zoltan , Daru József , Pásztor Norbert , Sikovanyecz János , Zádori János , Márton Virág , Koloszár Sándor , Szöllősi János , Németh Gábor
Published: July 2015

Objective. To compare pregnancy rate after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and intrauterine insemination (COH-IUI) with no treatment in patients with endometriosis-associated infertility treated with laparoscopy.Design. A clinical cohort study.Setting. University-level tertiary care center.Patients. 238 women with various stages of endometriosis after laparoscopic treatment.Interventions. Either COH-IUI or follow-up for 12 months.Main Outcome Measures. The primary outcome measures were clinical pregnancy and live birth rate. Predictive factors evaluated were female age, maternal BMI, and duration of infertility.Results. The pregnancy rate attained after the integrated laparoscopy–COH-IUI approach was 53.4%, while it was significantly lower (38.5%) in the control group. Similarly, a significant difference was observed in live births (48.3% versus 34.2%). Patients with severe endometriosis were less likely to achieve pregnancy (38%) and live birth (35%) than their counterparts with milder forms (57% and 53%).Conclusions. In patients with endometriosis-based infertility, surgery followed by COH-IUI is more effective than surgery alone.
Evaluation of the Quilting Technique for Reduction of Postmastectomy Seroma: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Khater Ashraf , Elnahas Waleed , Roshdy Sameh , Farouk Omar , Senbel Ahmed , Fathi Adel , Hamed EmadEldeen , Abdelkhalek Mohamed , Ghazy Hosam
Published: July 2015

Background. Postmastectomy seroma causes patients’ discomfort, delays starting the adjuvant therapy, and may increase the possibility of surgical site infection.Objective. To evaluate quilting of the mastectomy flaps with obliteration of the axillary space in reducing postmastectomy seroma.Methods. A randomized controlled study was carried out among 120 females who were candidates for mastectomy and axillary clearance. The intervention group (N=60) with quilting and the control group without quilting. All patients were followed up routinely for immediate and late complications.Results. There were no significant differences between the two groups as regards the demographic characteristics, postoperative pathological finding, and the immediate postoperative complications. The incidence of seroma was significantly lower in the intervention group compared with the control group (20% versus 78.3%,P<0.001). Additionally, the intervention group had a shorter duration till seroma resolution (9 days versus 11 days,P<0.001) and a smaller volume of drainage (710 mL versus 1160 mL,P<0.001) compared with the control group.Conclusion. The use of mastectomy with quilting of flaps and obliteration of the axillary space is an efficient method to significantly reduce the postoperative seroma in addition to significantly reducing the duration and volume of wound drainage. Therefore we recommend quilting of flaps as a routine step at the end of any mastectomy.
Antibiofilm Activity of Chilean Propolis onStreptococcus mutansIs Influenced by the Year of Collection
Authors: Veloz Jorge Jesús , Saavedra Nicolás , Lillo Alexis , Alvear Marysol , Barrientos Leticia , Salazar Luis A.
Published: July 2015

The chemical composition of propolis varies according to factors that could have an influence on its biological properties. Polyphenols from propolis have demonstrated an inhibitory effect onStreptococcus mutansgrowth. However, it is not known if different years of propolis collection may affect its activity. We aimed to elucidate if the year of collection of propolis influences its activity onStreptococcus mutans. Polyphenol-rich extracts were prepared from propolis collected in three different years, characterized by LC-MS and quantified the content of total polyphenols and flavonoids groups. Finally, was evaluated the antibacterial effect onStreptococcus mutansand the biofilm formation. Qualitative differences were observed in total polyphenols, flavones, and flavonols and the chemical composition between the extracts, affecting the strength of inhibition of biofilm formation but not the antimicrobial assays. In conclusion, chemical composition of propolis depends on the year of collection and influences the strength of the inhibition of biofilm formation.
Cytotoxic Activity and Chemical Composition of the Root Extract from the Mexican SpeciesLinum scabrellum: Mechanism of Action of the Active Compound 6-Methoxypodophyllotoxin
Authors: Alejandre-García Ivonne , Álvarez Laura , Cardoso-Taketa Alexandre , González-Maya Leticia , Antúnez Mayra , Salas-Vidal Enrique , Díaz J. Fernando , Marquina-Bahena Silvia , Villarreal María Luisa
Published: July 2015

The cytotoxic activity and the chemical composition of the dichloromethane/methanol root extract ofLinum scabrellumPlanchon (Linaceae) were analyzed. Using NMR spectra and mass spectrometry analyses of the extract we identified eight main constituents: oleic acid (1), octadecenoic acid (2), stigmasterol (3),α-amyrin (4), pinoresinol (5), 6 methoxypodophyllotoxin (6), coniferin (7), and 6-methoxypodophyllotoxin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8). By using the sulforhodamine B assay, an important cytotoxic activity against four human cancer cell lines, HF6 colon (IC50= 0.57 μg/mL), MCF7 breast (IC50= 0.56 μg/mL), PC3 prostate (IC50= 1.60 μg/mL), and SiHa cervical (IC50= 1.54 μg/mL), as well as toward the normal fibroblasts line HFS-30 IC50= 1.02 μg/mL was demonstrated. Compound6(6-methoxypodophyllotoxin) was responsible for the cytotoxic activity exhibiting an IC50value range of 0.0632 to 2.7433 µg/mL against the tested cell lines. Cell cycle studies with compound6exhibited a cell arrest in G2/M of the prostate PC3 cancer cell line. Microtubule disruption studies demonstrated that compound6inhibited the polymerization of tubulin through its binding to the colchicine site (binding constantKb=7.6×106 M-1). A dose-response apoptotic effect was also observed. This work constitutes the first investigation reporting the chemical composition ofL. scabrellumand the first study determining the mechanism of action of compound6.
Association between Secondary and Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome in a Large Collection of Lupus Families
Authors: Aggarwal Rachna , Anaya Juan-Manuel , Koelsch Kristi A. , Kurien Biji T. , Scofield R. Hal
Published: July 2015

Objective. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) share clinical and immunogenetic features and may occur together. We undertook this study to determine the risk of primary SS among SLE-unaffected relatives of SLE patients and whether or not primary and secondary SS tended to occur in the same families.Methods. We collected clinical and serological data on 2694 SLE patients, 7390 SLE-unaffected relatives of the SLE patients, and 1470 matched controls.Results. Of the 2694 subjects with SLE, 548 had secondary SS, while 71 of their 7390 SLE-unaffected relatives had primary SS. None of the 1470 controls had SS as defined herein (p=5×10-5compared to SLE-unaffected relatives). Of the 71 SLE-unaffected relatives with primary SS, 18 (25.3%) had an SLE-affected family member with secondary SS, while only 530 of the 7319 (7.2%) SLE-unaffected relatives without SS did so (p=1×10-8).Conclusion. Among families identified for the presence of SLE, primary and secondary SS tend to occur within the same families. These results highlight the commonalities between these two forms of SS, which in fact correspond to the same disease.
The Effect of Age on Osteogenic and Adipogenic Differentiation Potential of Human Adipose Derived Stromal Stem Cells (hASCs) and the Impact of Stress Factors in the Course of the Differentiation Process
Authors: Kornicka Katarzyna , Marycz Krzysztof , Tomaszewski Krzysztof Andrzej , Marędziak Monika , Śmieszek Agnieszka
Published: July 2015

Human adipose tissue is a great source of autologous mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs), which are recognized for their vast therapeutic applications. Their ability to self-renew and differentiate into several lineages makes them a promising tool for cell-based therapies in different types of degenerative diseases. Thus it is crucial to evaluate age-related changes in hASCs, as the elderly are a group that will benefit most from their considerable potential. In this study we investigated the effect of donor age on growth kinetics, cellular senescence marker levels, and osteogenic and adipogenic potential of hASCs. It also has been known that, during life, organisms accumulate oxidative damage that negatively affects cell metabolism. Taking this into consideration, we evaluated the levels of nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, and superoxide dismutase activity. We observed that ROS and NO increase with aging, while SOD activity is significantly reduced. Moreover cells obtained from older patients displayed senescence associated features, for example,β-galactosidase activity, enlarged morphology, and p53 protein upregulation. All of those characteristics seem to contribute to decreased proliferation potential of those cells. Our results suggest that due to aging some cellular modification may be required before applying aged cells efficiently in therapies such as tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Influence of Pelvic Tilt on Polyethylene Wear after Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Tezuka Taro , Inaba Yutaka , Kobayashi Naomi , Ike Hiroyuki , Kubota So , Kawamura Masaki , Saito Tomoyuki
Published: July 2015

We aimed to evaluate the effects of pelvic tilt on polyethylene wear after total hip arthroplasty (THA). A total of 105 joints treated with primary THA were included; conventional polyethylene (CPE) liners were used in 43 hips and highly cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE) liners were used in the remaining 62 hips. The pelvis was tilted 6° posteriorly in the standing position as compared to the supine position, which resulted in significant increases of 1.7° and 2.8° in cup inclination in the CPE and HXLPE groups, respectively. Moreover, the change in pelvic tilt resulted in significant increases of 3.6° and 4.9° in cup anteversion in the CPE and HXLPE groups, respectively. For the CPE group, multiple regression analysis showed a significant association between the angle of pelvic tilt (PTA) and cup inclination and the polyethylene wear ratio. The adjustedR2of the regression model was larger for measures obtained in the standing position as compared to the supine position. For the HXLPE group, there was no significant relationship between radiographic parameters and polyethylene wear. Close observation of polyethylene wear is recommended for patients with severe posterior pelvic tilt who have undergone THA with conventional polyethylene.
Innate Immunity and Biomaterials at the Nexus: Friends or Foes
Authors: Christo Susan N. , Diener Kerrilyn R. , Bachhuka Akash , Vasilev Krasimir , Hayball John D.
Published: July 2015

Biomaterial implants are an established part of medical practice, encompassing a broad range of devices that widely differ in function and structural composition. However, one common property amongst biomaterials is the induction of the foreign body response: an acute sterile inflammatory reaction which overlaps with tissue vascularisation and remodelling and ultimately fibrotic encapsulation of the biomaterial to prevent further interaction with host tissue. Severity and clinical manifestation of the biomaterial-induced foreign body response are different for each biomaterial, with cases of incompatibility often associated with loss of function. However, unravelling the mechanisms that progress to the formation of the fibrotic capsule highlights the tightly intertwined nature of immunological responses to a seemingly noncanonical “antigen.” In this review, we detail the pathways associated with the foreign body response and describe possible mechanisms of immune involvement that can be targeted. We also discuss methods of modulating the immune response by altering the physiochemical surface properties of the biomaterial prior to implantation. Developments in these areas are reliant on reproducible and effective animal models and may allow a “combined” immunomodulatory approach of adapting surface properties of biomaterials, as well as treating key immune pathways to ultimately reduce the negative consequences of biomaterial implantation.
Convergence Analysis of Contrastive Divergence Algorithm Based on Gradient Method with Errors
Authors: Ma Xuesi , Wang Xiaojie
Published: July 2015

Contrastive Divergence has become a common way to train Restricted Boltzmann Machines; however, its convergence has not been made clear yet. This paper studies the convergence of Contrastive Divergence algorithm. We relate Contrastive Divergence algorithm to gradient method with errors and derive convergence conditions of Contrastive Divergence algorithm using the convergence theorem of gradient method with errors. We give specific convergence conditions of Contrastive Divergence learning algorithm for Restricted Boltzmann Machines in which both visible units and hidden units can only take a finite number of values. Two new convergence conditions are obtained by specifying the learning rate. Finally, we give specific conditions that the step number of Gibbs sampling must be satisfied in order to guarantee the Contrastive Divergence algorithm convergence.
Sustained Weight Loss with Vagal Nerve Blockade but Not with Sham: 18-Month Results of the ReCharge Trial
Authors: Shikora Scott A. , Wolfe Bruce M. , Apovian Caroline M. , Anvari Mehran , Sarwer David B. , Gibbons Robert D. , Ikramuddin Sayeed , Miller Christopher J. , Knudson Mark B. , Tweden Katherine S. , Sarr Michael G. , Billington Charles J.
Published: July 2015

Background/Objectives. Vagal block therapy (vBloc) is effective for moderate to severe obesity at one year.Subjects/Methods. The ReCharge trial is a double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial of 239 participants with body mass index (BMI) of 40 to 45 kg/m or 35 to 40 kg/m with one or more obesity-related conditions. Interventions were implantation of either vBloc or Sham devices and weight management counseling. Mixed models assessed percent excess weight loss (%EWL) and total weight loss (%TWL) in intent-to-treat analyses. At 18 months, 142 (88%) vBloc and 64 (83%) Sham patients remained enrolled in the study.Results. 18-month weight loss was 23% EWL (8.8% TWL) for vBloc and 10% EWL (3.8% TWL) for Sham (P<0.0001). vBloc patients largely maintained 12-month weight loss of 26% EWL (9.7% TWL). Sham regained over 40% of the 17% EWL (6.4% TWL) by 18 months. Most weight regain preceded unblinding. Common adverse events of vBloc through 18 months were heartburn/dyspepsia and abdominal pain; 98% of events were reported as mild or moderate and 79% had resolved.Conclusions. Weight loss with vBloc was sustained through 18 months, while Sham regained weight between 12 and 18 months. vBloc is effective with a low rate of serious complications.
Advances in Patient Classification for Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Machine Learning Perspective
Authors: Zhao Changbo , Li Guo-Zheng , Wang Chengjun , Niu Jinling
Published: July 2015

As a complementary and alternative medicine in medical field, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has drawn great attention in the domestic field and overseas. In practice, TCM provides a quite distinct methodology to patient diagnosis and treatment compared to western medicine (WM). Syndrome (ZHENG or pattern) is differentiated by a set of symptoms and signs examined from an individual by four main diagnostic methods: inspection, auscultation and olfaction, interrogation, and palpation which reflects the pathological and physiological changes of disease occurrence and development. Patient classification is to divide patients into several classes based on different criteria. In this paper, from the machine learning perspective, a survey on patient classification issue will be summarized on three major aspects of TCM: sign classification, syndrome differentiation, and disease classification. With the consideration of different diagnostic data analyzed by different computational methods, we present the overview for four subfields of TCM diagnosis, respectively. For each subfield, we design a rectangular reference list with applications in the horizontal direction and machine learning algorithms in the longitudinal direction. According to the current development of objective TCM diagnosis for patient classification, a discussion of the research issues around machine learning techniques with applications to TCM diagnosis is given to facilitate the further research for TCM patient classification.
Anatomical Study of the Ulnar Nerve Variations at High Humeral Level and Their Possible Clinical and Diagnostic Implications
Authors: Guru Anitha , Kumar Naveen , Ravindra Shanthakumar Swamy , Patil Jyothsna , Nayak Badagabettu Satheesha , Aithal Padur Ashwini , Nelluri Venu Madhav
Published: July 2015

Background. Descriptive evaluation of nerve variations plays a pivotal role in the usefulness of clinical or surgical practice, as an anatomical variation often sets a risk of nerve palsy syndrome. Ulnar nerve (UN) is one amongst the major nerves involved in neuropathy. In the present anatomical study, variations related to ulnar nerve have been identified and its potential clinical implications discussed. Materials and Method. We examined 50 upper limb dissected specimens for possible ulnar nerve variations. Careful observation for any aberrant formation and/or communication in relation to UN has been carried out. Results. Four out of 50 limbs (8%) presented with variations related to ulnar nerve. Amongst them, in two cases abnormal communication with neighboring nerve was identified and variation in the formation of UN was noted in remaining two limbs. Conclusion. An unusual relation of UN with its neighboring nerves, thus muscles, and its aberrant formation might jeopardize the normal sensori-motor behavior. Knowledge about anatomical variations of the UN is therefore important for the clinicians in understanding the severity of ulnar nerve neuropathy related complications.
Acute Myopericarditis Likely Secondary to Disseminated Gonococcal Infection
Authors: Bunker Daniel , Kerr Leslie Dubin
Published: July 2015

Disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI) is a rare complication of primary infection withNeisseria gonorrhoeae. Cardiac involvement in this condition is rare, and is usually limited to endocarditis. However, there are a number of older reports suggestive of direct myocardial involvement. We report a case of a 38-year-old male with HIV who presented with chest pain, pharyngitis, tenosynovitis, and purpuric skin lesions. Transthoracic echocardiogram showed acute biventricular dysfunction. Skin biopsy showed diplococci consistent with disseminated gonococcal infection, and treatment with ceftriaxone improved his symptoms and ejection fraction. Though gonococcal infection was never proven with culture or nucleic acid amplification testing, the clinical picture and histologic findings were highly suggestive of DGI. Clinicians should consider disseminated gonococcal infection when a patient presents with acute myocarditis, especially if there are concurrent skin and joint lesions.
Comprehensive Outlier Detection in Wireless Sensor Network with Fast Optimization Algorithm of Classification Model
Authors: Yao Haiqing , Cao Heng , Li Jin
Published: July 2015

Since the nonstationary distribution of the detected objects is general in the real world, the accurate and efficient outlier detection for data analysis within wireless sensor network (WSN) is a challenge. Recently, with high classification precision and affordable complexity, one-class quarter-sphere support vector machine (QSSVM) has been introduced to deal with the online and adaptive outlier detection in WSN. Regarding the one-sided consideration of optimization or iterative updating algorithm for QSSVM model within current techniques, we have proposed comprehensive outlier detection methods in WSN based on the QSSVM algorithm. To reduce the complexity of optimization algorithm for QSSVM model in existing techniques, a fast optimization algorithm based on average Euclidean distance has been developed and employed to the comprehensive outlier detection method. Evaluated by real and synthetic WSN data sets, our methods have shown an excellent outlier detection performance, and they have been proved to meet the requirements of online adaptive outlier detection in the case of nonstationary detection tasks of WSN.
Effect of Heartwood and Sapwood Ratio on Adhesion Strength of Finished Wood Species
Authors: Ozdemir Turgay , Hiziroglu Salim , Kocapınar Mutlu
Published: July 2015

The objective of this study was to determine adhesion strength of samples from wood species coated with cellulose varnish as function of heartwood and sapwood ratio. Roughness of the specimens from four different species was measured employing stylus type equipment before they were coated with varnish. Pull-off testing unit was employed to determine adhesion strength of the samples. Based on the findings in this work it seems that no significant difference was determined between adhesion strength values of the samples prepared from heartwood and sapwood portions. The highest adhesion strength value of 2.62 N/mm2was found for the beech samples sanded with 80-grit sand paper. Overall rougher surfaces of the samples resulted in higher adhesion strength between finish and substrate.
Parameter Estimation of a Delay Time Model of Wearing Parts Based on Objective Data
Authors: Tang Y. , Jing J. J. , Yang Y. , Xie C.
Published: July 2015

The wearing parts of a system have a very high failure frequency, making it necessary to carry out continual functional inspections and maintenance to protect the system from unscheduled downtime. This allows for the collection of a large amount of maintenance data. Taking the unique characteristics of the wearing parts into consideration, we establish their respective delay time models in ideal inspection cases and nonideal inspection cases. The model parameters are estimated entirely using the collected maintenance data. Then, a likelihood function of all renewal events is derived based on their occurring probability functions, and the model parameters are calculated with the maximum likelihood function method, which is solved by the CRM. Finally, using two wearing parts from the oil and gas drilling industry as examples—the filter element and the blowout preventer rubber core—the parameters of the distribution function of the initial failure time and the delay time for each example are estimated, and their distribution functions are obtained. Such parameter estimation based on objective data will contribute to the optimization of the reasonable function inspection interval and will also provide some theoretical models to support the integrity management of equipment or systems.
Lie Symmetry Analysis and New Exact Solutions for a Higher-Dimensional Shallow Water Wave Equation
Authors: He Yinghui
Published: July 2015

In our work, a higher-dimensional shallow water wave equation, which can be reduced to the potential KdV equation, is discussed. By using the Lie symmetry analysis, all of the geometric vector fields of the equation are obtained; the symmetry reductions are also presented. Some new nonlinear wave solutions, involving differentiable arbitrary functions, expressed by Jacobi elliptic function, Weierstrass elliptic function, hyperbolic function, and trigonometric function are obtained. Our work extends pioneer results.
The Surgical Treatment of Severe Endometriosis Positively Affects the Chance of Natural or Assisted Pregnancy Postoperatively
Authors: Nesbitt-Hawes Erin M. , Campbell Neil , Maley Peta E. , Won Haryun , Hooshmand Dona , Henry Amanda , Ledger William , Abbott Jason A.
Published: July 2015

Objective.To report reproductive outcomes following laparoscopic surgical excision of histologically confirmed r-ASRM stage III-IV endometriosis.Study Design.A retrospective cohort study was performed at the Royal Hospital for Women, a university teaching hospital, Sydney, Australia. Women who had fertility-preserving laparoscopic excision of stage III-IV endometriosis from 1997 to 2009 were contacted regarding reproductive outcomes.Results.In the study period, 355 women underwent surgery for stage III-IV endometriosis. Follow-up data are available for 253/355 (71%) women. Postoperatively, 142/253 (56%) women attempted to conceive with a conception rate of 104/142 (73%). Confidence intervals for pregnancy for women who were attempting conception (including the nonresponders) range from 104/262 (40%) to 224/262 (85%). Median time to conception was 12 months. No positive prognostic factors for pregnancy were identified on regression analyses.Conclusions.These data provide information to women with suspected severe disease preoperatively concerning their likely postoperative fertility outcomes. Ours is a population with severe endometriosis, rather than an infertile population with endometriosis, so caution needs to be applied when applying these data to women with fertility issues alone.
Positive Definite Solutions of the Matrix EquationXr-∑i=1mAi∗X-δiAi=I
Authors: Al-Dubiban Asmaa M.
Published: July 2015

We investigate the nonlinear matrix equationXr-∑i=1mAi∗X-δiAi=I, whereris a positive integer andδi∈(0,1], for i=1,2,…,m. We establish necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of positive definite solutions of this equation. A sufficient condition for the equation to have a unique positive definite solution is established. An iterative algorithm is provided to compute the positive definite solutions for the equation and error estimate. Finally, some numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness and convergence of this algorithm.
Processing Sentences with Literal versus Figurative Use of Verbs: An ERP Study with Children with Language Impairments, Nonverbal Impairments, and Typical Development
Authors: Lorusso Maria Luisa , Burigo Michele , Borsa Virginia , Molteni Massimo
Published: July 2015

Forty native Italian children (age 6–15) performed a sentence plausibility judgment task. ERP recordings were available for 12 children with specific language impairment (SLI), 11 children with nonverbal learning disabilities (NVLD), and 13 control children. Participants listened to verb-object combinations and judged them as acceptable or unacceptable. Stimuli belonged to four conditions, where concreteness and congruency were manipulated. All groups made more errors responding to abstract and to congruent sentences. Moreover, SLI participants performed worse than NVLD participants with abstract sentences. ERPs were analyzed in the time window 300–500 ms. SLI children show atypical, reversed effects of concreteness and congruence as compared to control and NVLD children, respectively. The results suggest that linguistic impairments disrupt abstract language processing more than visual-motor impairments. Moreover, ROI and SPM analyses of ERPs point to a predominant involvement of the left rather than the right hemisphere in the comprehension of figurative expressions.
Effects of Different Local Moxibustion-Like Stimuli at Zusanli (ST36) and Zhongwan (CV12) on Gastric Motility and Its Underlying Receptor Mechanism
Authors: Su Yang-Shuai , Xin Juan-Juan , Yang Zhao-Kun , He Wei , Shi Hong , Wang Xiao-Yu , Hu Ling , Jing Xiang-Hong , Zhu Bing
Published: July 2015

The aim of this study was to explore the “intensity-response” relationship in local moxibustion-like stimuli- (LMS-) modulated gastric motility and its underlying receptor mechanism. Based on the thermal pain threshold (43°C), 41°C, 43°C, and 45°C LMS were separately applied to ST36 or CV12 for 180 s among ASIC3 knockout (ASIC3−/−) mice, TRPV1 knockout (TRPV1−/−) mice, and their homologous wild-type C57BL/6 mice (n=8in each group). Gastric motility was continuously measured by an intrapyloric balloon, and the amplitude, integral, and frequency of gastric motility during LMS were compared with those of initial activities. We found that both 43°C and 45°C LMS at ST36 induced significantly facilitated effect of gastric motilityP<0.05, while LMS at CV12 induced inhibited effectsP<0.05. 41°C LMS had no significant impact on gastric motility. Compared with C57BL/6 mice, the facilitatory effect at ST36 and inhibitive effect of LMS at CV12 were decreased significantly in TRPV1−/− mice (P<0.05;P<0.01) but not changed markedly in ASIC3−/− miceP>0.05. These results suggest that there existed an “intensity-response” relationship between temperature in LMS and its effects on gastric motility. TRPV1 receptor played a crucial role in the LMS-modulated gastric motility.
Controllability Analysis of an Aggregate Demand Response System
Authors: Sato Kazuhiro , Azuma Shun-Ichi
Published: July 2015

In order to characterize the controllability of the aggregate demand response, that is, the aggregated consumer behaviors, the paper introduces the concept of controllability index which expresses the lowest occurrence probability in total electric consumption which can be changed by electric price. As the number of consumers is larger, it becomes difficult to directly analyze the controllability index. To resolve the difficulty of the large number of consumers, by using the central limit theorem, the paper approximates the controllability index and gives the solution maximizing the approximated controllability index.
Development and Evaluation of Game-Based Learning System Using the Microsoft Kinect Sensor
Authors: Tsai Chih-Hsiao , Kuo Yin-Hao , Chu Kuo-Chung , Yen Jung-Chuan
Published: July 2015

This paper investigates the capability of Kinect sensor as interactive technology and discusses how it can assist and improve teaching and learning. The Kinect sensor is a motion sensor that provides a natural user interface. It was implemented by Microsoft for the Xbox 360 video-game console to create a new control-free experience for the user without any intermediary device. The Kinect sensor can enhance kinesthetic pedagogical practices to profit learners with strong bodily-kinesthetic intelligence (body smart). As a learning tool, the Kinect sensor has potential to create interactive games, to increase learner motivation, and to enhance learning efficiency via its multimedia and multisensory capacity. Many students must learn spatial skills to improve learning achievement in science, mathematics, and engineering. This paper will focus on developing the Kinect sensor-assisted game-based learning system with ARCS model to provide kinesthetic pedagogical practices for learning spatial skills, motivating students, and enhancing students’ effectiveness. The responses to the System Usability Scale indicated that our system demonstrated usability and learnability. We conclude that the Kinect sensor-assisted learning system promotes the development of students’ spatial visualization skills and encourages them to become active learners.
The Ability of Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor to Inhibit Apoptosis in Monocytes Is Independent of Its Antiprotease Activity
Authors: McGarry Niamh , Greene Catherine M. , McElvaney Noel G. , Weldon Sinéad , Taggart Clifford C.
Published: July 2015

Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI) is a serine protease inhibitor produced by epithelial and myeloid cells with anti-inflammatory properties. Research has shown that SLPI exerts its anti-inflammatory activity by directly binding to NF-κB DNA binding sites and, in so doing, prevents binding and subsequent transcription of proinflammatory gene expression. In the current study, we demonstrate that SLPI can inhibit TNF-α-induced apoptosis in U937 cells and peripheral blood monocytes. Specifically, SLPI inhibits TNF-α-induced caspase-3 activation and DNA degradation associated with apoptosis. We go on to show that this ability of SLPI to inhibit apoptosis is not dependent on its antiprotease activity as antiprotease deficient variants of SLPI can also inhibit TNF-α-induced apoptosis. This reduction in monocyte apoptosis may preserve monocyte function during inflammation resolution and promote infection clearance at mucosal sites.
Evaluation of Toxicity and Antimicrobial Activity of an Ethanolic Extract from Leaves of Morus alba L. (Moraceae)
Authors: de Oliveira Alisson Macário , Mesquita Matheus da Silva , da Silva Gabriela Cavalcante , de Oliveira Lima Edeltrudes , de Medeiros Paloma Lys , Paiva Patrícia Maria Guedes , Souza Ivone Antônia de , Napoleão Thiago Henrique
Published: July 2015

This work evaluated an ethanolic extract from Morus alba leaves for toxicity to Artemia salina, oral toxicity to mice, and antimicrobial activity. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of coumarins, flavonoids, tannins, and triterpenes in the extract, which did not show toxicity to A. salina nauplii. No mortality and behavioral alterations were detected for mice treated with the extract (300 and 2000 mg/kg b.w.) for 14 days. However, animals that received the highest dose showed reduced MCV and MCHC as well as increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity. In treatments with the extract at both 300 and 2000 mg/kg, there was a reduction in number of leukocytes, with decrease in percentage of lymphocytes and increase in proportion of segmented cells. Histopathological analysis of organs from mice treated with the extract at 2000 mg/kg revealed turgidity of contorted tubules in kidneys, presence of leukocyte infiltration around the liver centrilobular vein, and high dispersion of the spleen white pulp. The extract showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis, and Aspergillus flavus. In conclusion, the extract contains antimicrobial agents and was not lethal for mice when ingested; however, its use requires caution because it promoted biochemical, hematological, and histopathological alterations.
Treatment of Internal Hemorrhoids by Endoscopic Sclerotherapy with Aluminum Potassium Sulfate and Tannic Acid
Authors: Tomiki Yuichi , Ono Seigo , Aoki Jun , Takahashi Rina , Ishiyama Shun , Sugimoto Kiichi , Yaginuma Yukihiro , Kojima Yutaka , Goto Michitoshi , Okuzawa Atsushi , Sakamoto Kazuhiro
Published: July 2015

Objective. A new sclerosing agent for hemorrhoids, aluminum potassium sulfate and tannic acid (ALTA), is attracting attention as a curative treatment for internal hemorrhoids without resection. The outcome and safety of ALTA sclerotherapy using an endoscope were investigated in the present study. Materials and Methods. Subjects comprised 83 internal hemorrhoid patients (61 males and 22 females). An endoscope was inserted and retroflexed in the rectum, and a 1st-step injection was applied to the upper parts of the hemorrhoids. The retroflexed scope was returned to the normal position, and 2nd–4th-step injections were applied to the middle and lower parts of the hemorrhoids under direct vision. The effects of endoscopic ALTA sclerotherapy were determined by evaluating the condition of the hemorrhoids using an anoscope and interviewing the patient 28 days after the treatment. Results. A cure, improvement, and failure were observed in 54 (65.1%), 27 (32.5%), and 2 (2.4%) patients, respectively, treated with ALTA. Complications developed in 4 patients (mild fever in 3 and hematuria in 1). Recurrence occurred in 9.6%. Conclusions. The results of the present study suggest that endoscopic ALTA has the potential to become a useful and minimally invasive approach for ALTA sclerotherapy.
The Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Osteocyte Capacity to Modulate Dendritic Cell Functions Is Strictly Dependent on the Culture System
Authors: Trabanelli Sara , La Manna Federico , Romano Marco , Salvestrini Valentina , Cavo Michele , Ciciarello Marilena , Lemoli Roberto M. , Curti Antonio
Published: July 2015

In vitrodifferentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) into osteocytes (human differentiated osteogenic cells, hDOC) before implantation has been proposed to optimize bone regeneration. However, a deep characterization of the immunological properties of DOC, including their effect on dendritic cell (DC) function, is not available. DOC can be used either as cellular suspension (detached, Det-DOC) or as adherent cells implanted on scaffolds (adherent, Adh-DOC). By mimickingin vitrothese two different routes of administration, we show that both Det-DOC and Adh-DOC can modulate DC functions. Specifically, the weak downregulation of CD80 and CD86 caused by Det-DOC on DC surface results in a weak modulation of DC functions, which indeed retain a high capacity to induce T-cell proliferation and to generate CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T cells. Moreover, Det-DOC enhance the DC capacity to differentiate CD4+CD161+CD196+Th17-cells by upregulating IL-6 secretion. Conversely, Adh-DOC strongly suppress DC functions by a profound downregulation of CD80 and CD86 on DC as well as by the inhibition of TGF-βproduction. In conclusion, we demonstrate that different types of DOC cell preparation may have a different impact on the modulation of the host immune system. This finding may have relevant implications for the design of cell-based tissue-engineering strategies.
Transcriptomes That Confer to Plant Defense against Powdery Mildew Disease inLagerstroemia indica
Authors: Wang Xinwang , Shi Weibing , Rinehart Timothy
Published: July 2015

Transcriptome analysis was conducted in two popularLagerstroemiacultivars: “Natchez” (NAT), a white flower and powdery mildew resistant interspecific hybrid and “Carolina Beauty” (CAB), a red flower and powdery mildew susceptibleL. indicacultivar. RNA-seq reads were generated fromErysiphe australianainfected leaves andde novoassembled. A total of 37,035 unigenes from 224,443 assembled contigs in both genotypes were identified. Approximately 85% of these unigenes have known function. Of them, 475 KEGG genes were found significantly different between the two genotypes. Five of the top ten differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (plant defense) and four in flavonoid biosynthesis pathway (antioxidant activities or flower coloration). Furthermore, 5 of the 12 assembled unigenes in benzoxazinoid biosynthesis and 7 of 11 in flavonoid biosynthesis showed higher transcript abundance in NAT. The relative abundance of transcripts for 16 candidate DEGs (9 from CAB and 7 from NAT) detected by qRT-PCR showed general agreement with the abundances of the assembled transcripts in NAT. This study provided the first transcriptome analyses inL. indica. The differential transcript abundance between two genotypes indicates that it is possible to identify candidate genes that are associated with the plant defenses or flower coloration.
Pituitary Insufficiency and Hyperprolactinemia Associated with Giant Intra- and Suprasellar Carotid Artery Aneurysm
Authors: Gungor A. , Gokkaya N. , Bilen A. , Bilen H. , Akbas E. M. , Karadeniz Y. , Eren S.
Published: July 2015

Pituitary insufficiency secondary to internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysm is a very rare condition. Its prevalence is reported as 0.17% (Heshmati et al., 2001). We present a case of pituitary insufficiency and hyperprolactinemia secondary to suprasellar giant intracranial aneurysm. A 71-year-old man was admitted to our clinic with symptoms of hypopituitarism, hyperprolactinemia, and visual field defect. His pituitary MRI and cerebral angiography revealed a giant saccular aneurysm filling suprasellar cistern arising from the ophthalmic segment of the right ICA. Endovascular treatment was performed on the patient to decrease the mass effect of aneurysm and improve the hypophysis dysfunction. After treatment, his one-year follow-up showed the persistence of hypophysis insufficiency, decrease of prolactin (PRL) level, and normal visual field. An intracranial aneurysm can mimic the appearance and behavior of a pituitary adenoma. Intracranial aneurysms should be taken into consideration in the situation of hypopituitarism and hyperprolactinemia. It is important to distinguish them because their treatment approach is different from the others.
The Simultaneous Interpolation of Target Radar Cross Section in Both the Spatial and Frequency Domains by Means of Legendre Wavelets Model-Based Parameter Estimation
Authors: Yang Yongqiang , Ma Yunpeng , Wang Lifeng
Published: July 2015

The understanding of the target radar cross section (RCS) is significant for target identification and for radar designing and optimization. In this paper, a numerical algorithm for calculating target RCS is presented which is based on Legendre wavelet model-based parameter estimation (LW-MBPE). The Padé rational function fitting model applied for MBPE in the frequency domain is enhanced to include spatial dependence on the numerator and denominator coefficients. This allows the function to interpolate target RCS in both the frequency and spatial domains simultaneously. The combination of Legendre wavelets guarantees the convergence of the algorithm. The method is convergent by increasing the sampling frequency and spatial points. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the new technique.