bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defective Lamtor5 Leads to Autoimmunity by Deregulating v‐ATPase and Lysosomal Acidification
Authors: Zhang Wei , Sha Zhou , Tang Yunzhe , Jin Cuiyuan , Gao Wenhua , Chen Changmai , Yu Lang , Lv Nianyin , Liu Shijia , Xu Feng , Wang Dandan , Shi Liyun
Published: April 2024

Despite accumulating evidence linking defective lysosome function with autoimmune diseases, how the catabolic machinery is regulated to maintain immune homeostasis remains unknown. Late endosomal/lysosomal adaptor, MAPK and mTOR activator 5 (Lamtor5) is a subunit of the Ragulator mediating mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activation in response to amino acids, but its action mode and physiological role are still unclear. Here it is demonstrated that Lamtor5 level is markedly decreased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In parallel, the mice with myeloid Lamtor5 ablation developed SLE‐like manifestation. Impaired lysosomal function and aberrant activation of mTORC1 are evidenced in Lamtor5 deficient macrophages and PBMCs of SLE patients, accompanied by blunted autolysosomal pathway and undesirable inflammatory responses. Mechanistically, it is shown that Lamtor5 is physically associated with ATP6V1A, an essential subunit of vacuolar H+‐ATPase (v‐ATPase), and promoted the V0/V1 holoenzyme assembly to facilitate lysosome acidification. The binding of Lamtor5 to v‐ATPase affected the lysosomal tethering of Rag GTPase and weakened its interaction with mTORC1 for activation. Overall, Lamtor5 is identified as a critical factor for immune homeostasis by intergrading v‐ATPase activity, lysosome function, and mTOR pathway. The findings provide a potential therapeutic target for SLE and/or other autoimmune diseases.
Surface Energy‐Assisted Patterning of Vapor Deposited All‐Inorganic Perovskite Arrays for Wearable Optoelectronics
Authors: Xu Zhangsheng , Pan Xiaojun , Lu Hui , Lu Qiuchun , Liang Yegang , He Zeping , Zhu Yizhi , Yu Yang , Wu Wenqiang , Han Xun , Pan Caofeng
Published: April 2024

Solution‐based methods for fabricating all‐inorganic perovskite film arrays often suffer from limited control over nucleation and crystallization, resulting in poor homogeneity and coverage. To improve film quality, advanced vapor deposition techniques are employed for continuous film. Here, the vapor deposition strategy to the all‐inorganic perovskite films array, enabling area‐selective deposition of perovskite through substrate modulation is expanded. It can yield a high‐quality perovskite film array with different pixel shapes, various perovskite compositions, and a high resolution of 423 dpi. The resulting photodetector arrays exhibit remarkable optoelectronic performance with an on/off ratio of 13 887 and responsivity of 47.5 A W−1. The device also displays long‐term stability in a damp condition for up to 12 h. Moreover, a pulse monitoring sensor based on the perovskite films array demonstrates stable monitoring for pulse signals after being worn for 12 h and with a low illumination of 0.055 mW cm−2, highlighting the potential application in wearable optoelectronic devices.
One‐Component Cationic Lipids for Systemic mRNA Delivery to Splenic T Cells
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Su Kexin , Wu Shiqi , Lin Lixin , He Shun , Yan Xinxin , Shi Lu , Liu Shuai
Published: April 2024

Unlocking the full potential of mRNA immunotherapy necessitates targeted delivery to specific cell subsets in the spleen. Four‐component lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) utilized in numerous clinical trials are primarily limited in hepatocyte and muscular targeting, highlighting the imperative demand for targeted and simplified non‐liver mRNA delivery systems. Herein, we report the rational design of one‐component ionizable cationic lipids to selectively deliver mRNA to the spleen and T cells with high efficacy. Unlike the tertiary amine‐based ionizable lipids involved in LNPs, the proposed cationic lipids rich in secondary amines can efficiently deliver mRNA both in vitro and in vivo as the standalone carriers. Furthermore, these vectors facilitate efficacious mRNA delivery to the T cell subsets following intravenous administration, demonstrating substantial potential for advancing immunotherapy applications. This straightforward strategy extends the utility of lipid family for extrahepatic mRNA delivery, offering new insights into vector development beyond LNPs to further the field of precise mRNA therapy.
An All‐Rounder for NIR‐II Phototheranostics: Well‐Tailored 1064 nm‐Excitable Molecule for Photothermal Combating of Orthotopic Breast Cancer
Authors: Yan Dingyuan , Zhang Zhijun , Zhang Jianyu , Li Xue , Wu Qian , Gui Yixiong , Zhu Jun , Kang Miaomiao , Chen Xiaohui , Tang Ben Zhong , Wang Dong
Published: April 2024

The second near‐infrared (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) light‐activated organic photothermal agent that synchronously enables satisfying NIR‐II fluorescence imaging is highly warranted yet rather challenging on the basis of the overwhelming nonradiative decay. Herein, such an agent, namely TPABT‐TD, was tactfully designed and constructed via employing benzo[c]thiophene moiety as bulky electron donor/π‐bridge and tailoring the peripheral molecular rotors. Benefitting from its high electron donor–acceptor strength and finely modulated intramolecular motion, TPABT‐TD simultaneously exhibits ultralong absorption in NIR‐II region, intense fluorescence emission in the NIR‐IIa (1300–1500 nm) region as nanoaggregates, and high photothermal conversion upon 1064 nm laser irradiation. Those intrinsic advantages endow TPABT‐TD nanoparticles with prominent fluorescence/photoacoustic/photothermal trimodal imaging‐guided NIR‐II photothermal therapy against orthotopic 4T1 breast tumor with negligible adverse effect.
M−N3 Configuration on Boron Nitride Boosts Singlet Oxygen Generation via Peroxymonosulfate Activation for Selective Oxidation
Authors: Zhen Jianzheng , Sun Jiahao , Xu Xiangwei , Wu Zenglong , Song Wenkai , Ying Yunzhan , Liang Shikun , Miao Lingshan , Cao Jiazhen , Lv Weiyang , Song Changsheng , Yao Yuyuan , Xing Mingyang
Published: April 2024

Singlet oxygen (1O2) is an essential reactive species responsible for selective oxidation of organic matter, especially in Fenton‐like processes. However, due to the great limitations in synthesizing catalysts with well‐defined active sites, the controllable production and practical application of 1O2 remain challenging. Herein, guided by theoretical simulations, a series of boron nitride‐based single‐atom catalysts (BvBN/M, M=Co, Fe, Cu, Ni and Mn) were synthesized to regulate 1O2 generation by activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS). All the fabricated BvBN/M catalysts with explicit M−N3 sites promoted the self‐decomposition of the two PMS molecules to generate 1O2 with high selectivity, where BvBN/Co possessed moderate adsorption energy and d‐band center exhibited superior catalytic activity. As an outcome, the BvBN/Co‐PMS system coupled with membrane filtration technology could continuously transform aromatic alcohols to aldehydes with nearly 100 % selectivity and conversion rate under mild conditions, suggesting the potential of this novel catalytic system for green organic synthesis.
Hydrogen‐Bond‐Mediated Formation of C−N or C=N Bond during Photocatalytic Reductive Coupling Reaction over CdS Nanosheets
Authors: He Jie , Han Bo , Xian Chensheng , Hu Zhao , Fang Tingfeng , Zhang Zehui
Published: April 2024

Reductive amination of carbonyl compounds and nitro compounds represents a straightforward way to attain imines or secondary amines, but it is difficult to control the product selectivity. Herein, we report the selective formation of C−N or C=N bond readily manipulated through a solvent‐induced hydrogen bond bridge, facilitating the swift photocatalytic reductive coupling process. The reductive‐coupling of nitro compounds with carbonyl compounds using formic acid and sodium formate as the hydrogen donors over CdS nanosheets selectively generates imines with C=N bonds in acetonitrile solvent; while taking methanol as solvent, the C=N bonds are readily hydrogenated to the C−N bonds via hydrogen‐bonding activation. Experimental and theoretical study reveals that the building of the hydrogen‐bond bridge between the hydroxyl groups in methanol and the N atoms of the C=N motifs in imines facilitates the transfer of hydrogen atoms from CdS surface to the N atoms in imines upon illumination, resulting in the rapid hydrogenation of the C=N bonds to give rise to the secondary amines with C−N bonds. Our method provides a simple way to control product selectivity by altering the solvents in photocatalytic organic transformations.
Operando Temperature Dynamic Investigation of Electric Double‐Layer Capacitors Containing Organic Electrolytes
Authors: Kreth Fabian Alexander , Köps Lukas , Donne Scott W. , Balducci Andrea
Published: April 2024

Invited for this month's cover picture is the Balducci's group who works on the development of innovative electrolytes and materials for safer, high‐performance supercapacitors and batteries, and on advanced real‐time characterization techniques to improve the understanding of aging and charge storage processes in electrochemical devices. The front cover illustrates a supercapacitor evaluated with the screening technique presented in this report. It highlights different electrolyte compositions, indicated by chemical compounds above the setup. This approach provides insights into how capacitance, energy, power, entropy, and enthalpy respond to changes in temperature and voltage. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/batt.202300581.
Sharing information across patient subgroups to draw conclusions from sparse treatment networks
Authors: Evrenoglou Theodoros , Metelli Silvia , Thomas Johannes‐Schneider , Siafis Spyridon , Turner Rebecca M. , Leucht Stefan , Chaimani Anna
Published: April 2024

Network meta‐analysis (NMA) usually provides estimates of the relative effects with the highest possible precision. However, sparse networks with few available studies and limited direct evidence can arise, threatening the robustness and reliability of NMA estimates. In these cases, the limited amount of available information can hamper the formal evaluation of the underlying NMA assumptions of transitivity and consistency. In addition, NMA estimates from sparse networks are expected to be imprecise and possibly biased as they rely on large‐sample approximations that are invalid in the absence of sufficient data. We propose a Bayesian framework that allows sharing of information between two networks that pertain to different population subgroups. Specifically, we use the results from a subgroup with a lot of direct evidence (a dense network) to construct informative priors for the relative effects in the target subgroup (a sparse network). This is a two‐stage approach where at the first stage, we extrapolate the results of the dense network to those expected from the sparse network. This takes place by using a modified hierarchical NMA model where we add a location parameter that shifts the distribution of the relative effects to make them applicable to the target population. At the second stage, these extrapolated results are used as prior information for the sparse network. We illustrate our approach through a motivating example of psychiatric patients. Our approach results in more precise and robust estimates of the relative effects and can adequately inform clinical practice in presence of sparse networks.
Recoverability and estimation of causal effects under typical multivariable missingness mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Jiaxin , Dashti S. Ghazaleh , Carlin John B. , Lee Katherine J. , Moreno‐Betancur Margarita
Published: April 2024

In the context of missing data, the identifiability or “recoverability” of the average causal effect (ACE) depends not only on the usual causal assumptions but also on missingness assumptions that can be depicted by adding variable‐specific missingness indicators to causal diagrams, creating missingness directed acyclic graphs (m‐DAGs). Previous research described canonical m‐DAGs, representing typical multivariable missingness mechanisms in epidemiological studies, and examined mathematically the recoverability of the ACE in each case. However, this work assumed no effect modification and did not investigate methods for estimation across such scenarios. Here, we extend this research by determining the recoverability of the ACE in settings with effect modification and conducting a simulation study to evaluate the performance of widely used missing data methods when estimating the ACE using correctly specified g‐computation. Methods assessed were complete case analysis (CCA) and various implementations of multiple imputation (MI) with varying degrees of compatibility with the outcome model used in g‐computation. Simulations were based on an example from the Victorian Adolescent Health Cohort Study (VAHCS), where interest was in estimating the ACE of adolescent cannabis use on mental health in young adulthood. We found that the ACE is recoverable when no incomplete variable (exposure, outcome, or confounder) causes its own missingness, and nonrecoverable otherwise, in simplified versions of 10 canonical m‐DAGs that excluded unmeasured common causes of missingness indicators. Despite this nonrecoverability, simulations showed that MI approaches that are compatible with the outcome model in g‐computation may enable approximately unbiased estimation across all canonical m‐DAGs considered, except when the outcome causes its own missingness or causes the missingness of a variable that causes its own missingness. In the latter settings, researchers may need to consider sensitivity analysis methods incorporating external information (e.g., delta‐adjustment methods). The VAHCS case study illustrates the practical implications of these findings.
On repeated diagnostic testing in screening for a medical condition: How often should the diagnostic test be repeated?
Authors: Sangnawakij Patarawan , Böhning Dankmar
Published: April 2024

In screening large populations a diagnostic test is frequently used repeatedly. An example is screening for bowel cancer using the fecal occult blood test (FOBT) on several occasions such as at 3 or 6 days. The question that is addressed here is how often should we repeat a diagnostic test when screening for a specific medical condition. Sensitivity is often used as a performance measure of a diagnostic test and is considered here for the individual application of the diagnostic test as well as for the overall screening procedure. The latter can involve an increasingly large number of repeated applications, but how many are sufficient? We demonstrate the issues involved in answering this question using real data on bowel cancer at St Vincents Hospital in Sydney. As data are only available for those testing positive at least once, an appropriate modeling technique is developed on the basis of the zero‐truncated binomial distribution which allows for population heterogeneity. The latter is modeled using discrete nonparametric maximum likelihood. If we wish to achieve an overall sensitivity of 90%, the FOBT should be repeated for 2 weeks instead of the 1 week that was used at the time of the survey. A simulation study also shows consistency in the sense that bias and standard deviation for the estimated sensitivity decrease with an increasing number of repeated occasions as well as with increasing sample size.
Luminescence properties of CdF2 single crystals co‐doped with Er3+ and Y3+ ions
Authors: Boubekri Hani , Fartas Reda , Diaf Madjid , Cittadino Giovanni , Tonelli Mauro , Bitam Adel , Toma Octavian
Published: April 2024

The luminescence properties of erbium and yttrium co‐doped cadmium difluoride with three different concentrations of yttrium were investigated. First, we synthesized single crystal samples with good optical quality using the Bridgman technique. From the optical absorption spectra, recorded at room temperature, both in the ultraviolet–visible and infrared spectral ranges, Judd–Ofelt analysis was performed based on yttrium concentrations to predict the radiative properties of Er3+ luminescent ions. For the 10% optimum concentration of yttrium, a detailed photoluminescence investigation was carried out. We mainly explored green, red, and near‐infrared fluorescence under different excitation wavelengths and presented their highlight spectroscopic characteristics. The desired transitions had relatively high emission cross‐sections both under visible and near‐infrared excitation. Optical gain followed a similar trend. Furthermore, the dynamic fluorescence study showed a significant increase in the measured lifetime under an 800 nm infrared excitation. The upconversion process under an 800 nm excitation produced quantum efficiency greater than 100% due to the contribution of more than one energy transfer mechanism.
Visualizing the landscape of blue finance for sustainable development: A bibliometric analysis and future directions
Authors: Wang Di , Zhang Xujun , Chen Songzhou
Published: April 2024

Blue finance research has recently made significant progress, but comprehensive research is still in its infancy. This paper established a consolidated database of 223 articles on blue finance and used CiteSpace for visualization analysis. Firstly, blue finance develops in embryonic, fluctuating, and stable growth phases. The main research countries are the US, Australia, England, and Canada. The University of California and the University of Queensland are the main research institutions. Marine Policy and Science are highly cited journals. A few core authors shape blue finance research with limited collaboration. Secondly, three themes were established by categorizing ten keyword clusters: financial instruments and mechanisms for marine conservation and sustainability, policy frameworks for adaptation and climate resilience, and policy frameworks for adaptation and climate resilience. Thirdly, contingent valuation, marine protected areas, and the blue economy are the main research hotspots. The results' theoretical contribution is identifying the progress of blue finance and its potential directions. Researchers, managers, and policymakers can use it to promote economic growth and ocean sustainability.
Relations between supply chain performance and circular economy implementation: A fuzzy cognitive map‐based analysis for sustainable development
Authors: Zanon Lucas Gabriel , Bertassini Ana Carolina , Sigahi Tiago Fonseca Albuquerque Cavalcanti , Anholon Rosley , Carpinetti Luiz Cesar Ribeiro
Published: April 2024

Supply chain sustainability is now an imperative, particularly considering the circular supply chain (CSC) paradigm, which offers opportunities for performance improvement. Thus, it is possible to infer that there is a causal link between circularity and supply chain performance. However, the analysis of this relationship occurs under subjective perspectives. To computationally process human language can overcome this issue. Hence, this paper aims to propose an approach for assessing the influence of circular economy (CE) implementation principles on supply chain performance using the fuzzy cognitive map (FCM), a well‐established soft computing technique. The study develops a computational model and brings an illustrative application. Methodologically, is model‐based, quantitative, axiomatic and descriptive. It contributes by providing means to support the formulation of strategies for aligning CE implementation efforts with supply chain performance improvement efforts. The FCM visually represents how supply chain performance attributes are influenced by CE principles, supporting informed decision‐making towards circularity.
The role of supply chain analytics on supply chain responsiveness, resilience, and restoration (3Rs) capabilities in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Shamout Mohamed Dawood
Published: April 2024

This paper responds to calls for research and conceptualizes resilience, responsiveness and reconfigurable (3Rs) capabilities required for handling disruptions in pre‐disruption, during disruption and post‐disruption stages. This paper examined the impact of analytics on 3Rs capabilities in the supply chain context building on the tenets of contingency theory. Drawing on survey data obtained from individuals with managerial positions in firms operating in the United Arab Emirates (n = 151), this study investigates how supply chain analytics foster 3Rs capacities in the face of a pandemic using canonical correlation and linear regression analyses. Supply chain analytics is a relevant predictor for supply chain (i) resilience, (ii) responsiveness, and (iii) restoration/reconfiguration. Inevitable supply chain disruptions call for investment and integration of digital tools like supply chain analytics because they offer timely information for informed decision‐making. This work provides theoretical contributions to the domain of interest by exploring the role of supply chain analytics on the 3Rs capabilities.
Trophy, souvenir, or simple theft? Taking items from the victim in sexual homicide
Authors: Walter Megan , Beauregard Eric , Chopin Julien
Published: April 2024

Although most people have heard the terms ‘souvenirs’, ‘trophies’, and ‘mementos’, discussed in books and movies on the true crimes of sexual murderers, limited research has delved into the phenomenon of theft in sexual homicide (SH). Using a sample of 762 SH cases coming from the Sexual Homicide International Database, the current study examines the crime‐commission process of the pre‐crime, crime, and post‐crime phases of sexual homicide offenders (SHOs) who engaged in theft during a SH. Additionally, this study seeks to determine if a specific type of SHO engages in this behaviour over others. Results from the sequential logistic regression indicate that victims who are 16 years or older, were strangers to the SHO, and were sex workers were more likely to be victims of theft. Additionally, results indicate that the presence of sadism made it more likely the SHO would engage in theft from the victim and/or crime scene. Findings suggest there is a group of SHOs who engage in theft not for monetary purposes but due to the paraphilia of the offender. These findings can inform the police investigation of these crimes.
Prevalence and prognostic impact of complex percutaneous coronary intervention among octogenarians
Authors: Spirito Alessandro , Gao Michael , Sartori Samantha , Vogel Birgit , Pentousis Paris , Singh Ranbir , Jiang Yijia , Dangas George , Kini Annapoorna , Sharma Samin K. , Mehran Roxana
Published: April 2024

Background

The number of octogenarians referred to percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) is rising steadily. The prevalence and prognostic impact of complex PCI (CPCI) in this vulnerable population has not been fully evaluated.

Methods

Patients ≥80 years old who underwent PCI between 2012 and 2019 at Mount Sinai Hospital were included. Patients were categorized based on PCI complexity, defined as the presence of at least one of the following criteria: use of atherectomy, total stent length ≥60 mm, ≥3 stents implanted, bifurcation treated with at least 2 stents, PCI involving ≥3 vessels, ≥3 lesions, left main, saphenous vein graft or chronic total occlusion. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), a composite of all‐cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), or target‐vessel revascularization (TVR), within 1 year after PCI. Secondary outcomes included major bleeding.

Results

Among 2657 octogenarians, 1387 (52%) underwent CPCI and were more likely to be men and to have cardiovascular risk factors or comorbidities. CPCI as compared with no‐CPCI was associated with a higher 1‐year risk of MACE (16.6% vs. 11.1%, adjusted HR 1.3, 95% CI 1.06–1.77, p value 0.017), due to an excess of MI and TVR, and major bleeding (10% vs. 5.8%, adjusted HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.20–2.55, p value 0.002).

Conclusions

Among octogenarians, CPCI was associated with a significantly higher 1‐year risk of MACE, due to higher rates of MI and TVR but not of all‐cause death, and of major bleeding. Strategies to reduce complications should be implemented in octogenarians undergoing CPCI.
In‐Depth Investigation of the Reaction Parameters Tuning the Ethyl Levulinate Synthesis from Fructose and Inulin
Authors: Fulignati Sara , Antonetti Claudia , Raspolli Galletti Anna Maria , Bonaldi Lorenzo , Ribechini Erika , Mattonai Marco , Licursi Domenico , Di Fidio Nicola
Published: April 2024

Alkyl levulinates (ALs) are strategic compounds for the development of sustainable energy transition. In this regard, the direct alcoholysis of fructose and inulin for the selective ethyl levulinate (EL) production was investigated with a One‐Factor‐At‐a‐Time (OFAT) approach employing diluted H2SO4 as catalyst to clarify the role of the main reaction parameters (substrate and acid loadings, temperature, reaction time). The OFAT investigation on fructose ethanolysis allowed to reach the EL yield of 91.5 mol%. The inulin ethanolysis was then optimized adopting the multivariate approach based on the Response Surface Methodology (RSM), which highlighted the interplay of the reaction parameters on the selective EL production. This allowed to identify the optimal conditions to reach the highest EL yield (up to 89.3 mol%) and also those which ensured the highest EL concentration, adopting a substrate loading (14 wt%) higher than the majority ones reported in the literature according to the high gravity approach, and the lowest diethyl ether (DEE) by‐product yield. The DEE formation is scarcely investigated in the literature, but it can negatively influence the alcoholysis process, thus it was considered in this work. Moreover, the humin solid residue was deeply characterized to envisage its possible applications, under a circular economy perspective.
Heterogeneously Catalyzed Partial Oxidation of Styrene on a Silver Surface
Authors: Dissanayake Rasika E. A. , Dorst Arved C. , Benfreha Kerim , Killelea Daniel R. , Schäfer Tim
Published: April 2024

The epoxidation of olefins on Ag/O systems is a significant industrial‐scale process within heterogeneous catalysis. However, the details of the surface reaction remain controversial, and it has been highly challenging to reconcile the findings from cataltyic studies under reaction conditions with the highly detailed static studies under carefully controlled ultra‐high vacuum (UHV) conditions. In this study, we combine molecular beam surface scattering and ion imaging techniques to explore the partial oxidation of styrene. This experimental approach enhances the sensitivity to the extent that we can directly observe the partial oxidation product, styrene oxide, under UHV conditions. We note that partial oxidation exclusively occurs at high oxygen coverages, which we attribute to the reaction of styrene with electrophilic oxygen formed specifically at elevated coverages.
Dinuclear Copper Complex for High‐Rate Hydrogen Evolution Under Neutral Aqueous Conditions
Authors: Younus Hussein A. , Emam Heba , Ahmad Nazir , Negm Mosaad , Alomar Muneerah , Elantabli Fatma M. , El‐Rabiei Mohammed M. , Al Hajri Rashid , Zhang Shiguo , Al Abri Mohammed
Published: April 2024

The development of an efficient and stable electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), based on earth‐abundant components, represents a crucial step toward cost‐effective and environmentally friendly hydrogen production. This study presents the utilization of a dinuclear copper catalyst, denoted as [Cu‐Gly‐SB] (Complex 1), for HER under both aqueous and non‐aqueous conditions. In non‐aqueous settings, the catalyst achieves excellent HER performance, requiring only a 270 mV overpotential when acetic acid is used as the proton donor. Notably, in fully aqueous conditions, complex 1 attains a remarkable current density of 18.8 mA ⋅ cm−2 at −0.7 V vs. RHE in cyclic voltammetry. The kobs value of ≈2.7×104 s−1 in aqueous solution at pH 7.0 further underlines the superior catalytic performance of 1, outperforming most non‐noble‐metal molecular catalysts functioning in fully aqueous solutions. The robust stability of 1 is demonstrated through controlled potential electrolysis (CPE) over a span of 48 hours, achieving an impressive catalytic current of 11.0 mA ⋅ cm−2 at −0.39 V. Moreover, the catalytic current gradually increases with higher reduction potentials, reaching a substantial 100 mA ⋅ cm−2 at an overpotential of 590 mV during CPE >48 hours. Thorough characterizations further confirm the molecular nature of the catalyst.
Electrochemical Ethanol Oxidation using RuO2‐Based Catalysts: Suppressing OER and Tailored Switching between Water Oxidation and Ethanol Oxidation
Authors: Kohlhaas Ina , Kurig Nils , Palkovits Regina
Published: April 2024

For an efficient hydrogen production, electrochemical ethanol oxidation is a great alternative to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to the generation of value‐added products. In this electrosynthetic contribution, the properties of ethanol oxidation are investigated with regard to the influence of pH, temperature and potential using RuO2‐based catalysts. Results show acetic acid as main reaction product with yields of up to 29 % and Faraday efficiencies of ≥71 %. Increasing the potential marginally from 1.40 V vs. RHE to 1.45 V vs. RHE promoted parasitic OER and, therefore, yield (≥10 %) and Faraday efficiency (≥56 %) of the organic products decreased. Doping RuO2 electrodes with TiO2 shows promising results in suppressing OER during ethanol oxidation. Additionally, the catalyst allows moderate OER potentials in water electrolysis, making the catalyst a switchable material.
Response surface experimental design for simultaneous chromatographic determination of two antiviral agents “Favipiravir and Remdesivir” in pharmaceuticals and spiked plasma samples
Authors: Abdel Hakiem Ahmed Faried , Boushra John M. , Noureldeen Deena A. M. , Lashien Adel S. , Attia Tamer Z.
Published: April 2024

The antiviral agents, Favipiravir (FAV) and Remdesivir (REM), were introduced in the last few years alone or as combination regimen for successful management of the rapidly spreading CORONA virus pandemic. A newly developed rapid and sensitive high performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC) has been developed for the simultaneous determination of their mixture. Firstly, one factor at a time optimization (OFAT) has been applied. Afterwards, quality by design approach (QbD) has been utilized using Box Behnken experimental design (BBD) for the development of an experimental design of four independent and nine dependent variables for much better refining of the optimized parameters. The established model has given an optimum resolution at; acetonitrile percentage of 52.66, mobile phase of pH 2.91, percentage of triethylamine of 0.15 and 1.30 mL/min flow rate. The proposed method has been validated according to the USP 31 NF 26 guidelines. Good linearity ranges have been obtained from 5.00 up to 50.00 μg/mL for FAV and from 2.00 up to 60.00 μg/mL for FAV and REM, respectively. Excellent relative standard deviation values (not more than 1.40) were obtained upon investigation of accuracy, precision and robustness. The developed method has succeeded in analysis of investigated drugs in their pharmaceutical formulations and spiked plasma samples with good recoveries of 99.00 and up to 106.00%. The proposed method is considered eligible for the quality control laboratories as well as in‐vivo determinations of both analytes.
Unveiling a Novel Decomposition Pathway in Propylene Carbonate‐Based Supercapacitors: Insights from a Jelly Roll Configuration Study
Authors: Wuamprakhon Phatsawit , Phojaroen Jiraporn , Sangsanit Thitiphum , Santiyuk Kanruthai , Homlamai Kan , Tejangkura Worapol , Sawangphruk Montree
Published: April 2024

This research elucidates novel insights into the electrochemical properties and degradation phenomena of propylene carbonate (PC)‐based supercapacitors at a large‐scale 18650 cylindrical jelly‐roll cell level. Central to our findings is the identification of 2‐ethyl‐4‐methyl‐1,3‐dioxolane (EMD) as a hitherto undocumented decomposition by‐product, highlighting the nuanced complexity of PC electrolyte stability. We further demonstrate that elevated operational voltages precipitate accelerated electrolyte degradation, underscoring the criticality of defining the operational voltage window for maximizing device longevity. Employing advanced analytical techniques, including gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS), this study meticulously analyzes electrolyte decomposition mechanisms. The outcomes offer pivotal insights into the operational constraints and chemical resilience of PC‐based supercapacitors, contributing significantly to the optimization of supercapacitor design and application. By delineating a specific decomposition pathway, this investigation enriches the understanding of electrochemical dynamics in supercapacitor systems, providing a foundation for future research and technological advancement in energy storage devices.
Effect of the habitat and tusks on trunk grasping techniques in African savannah elephants
Authors: Costes Pauline , Soppelsa Julie , Houssin Céline , Boulinguez‐Ambroise Grégoire , Pacou Camille , Gouat Patrick , Cornette Raphaël , Pouydebat Emmanuelle
Published: April 2024

Among tetrapods, grasping is an essential function involved in many vital behaviours. The selective pressures that led to this function were widely investigated in species with prehensile hands and feet. Previous studies namely highlighted a strong effect of item properties but also of the species habitat on manual grasping behaviour. African savannah elephants (Loxodonta africana) are known to display various prehensile abilities and use their trunk in a large diversity of habitats. Composed of muscles and without a rigid structure, the trunk is a muscular hydrostat with great freedom of movement. This multitasking organ is particularly recruited for grasping food items while foraging. Yet, the diet of African savannah elephants varies widely between groups living in different habitats. Moreover, they have tusks alongside the trunk which can assist in grasping behaviours, and their tusk morphologies are known to vary considerably between groups. Therefore, in this study, we investigate the food grasping techniques used by the trunk of two elephant groups that live in different habitats: an arid study site in Etosha National Park in Namibia, and an area with consistent water presence in Kruger National Park in South Africa. We characterised the tusks profiles and compared the grasping techniques and their frequencies of use for different foods. Our results show differences in food‐grasping techniques between the two groups. These differences are related to the food item property and tusk profile discrepancies highlighted between the two groups. We suggest that habitat heterogeneity, particularly aridity gaps, may induce these differences. This may reveal an optimisation of grasping types depending on habitat, food size and accessibility, as well as tusk profiles.
Blunted cardiovascular responses to exercise by inhibiting afferent feedback via spinal cord stimulation in heart failure
Authors: Kim Chul‐Ho , Lamer Tim J. , Keller‐Ross Manda , Stolen Craig , Johnson Bruce D.
Published: April 2024

This case study investigated the impact of SCS on alterations in blood pressure during constant‐load exercise in a female patient with heart failure. Three different SCS frequencies [No SCS (~0 Hz), Low SCS (~100 Hz), and High SCS (~1000 Hz)] with and without ischaemic stimulation of the legs (cuffs) were randomly applied during constant‐load exercise. To determine cardiovascular and ventilatory responses to exercise following SCS frequencies, BP, heart rate (HR), and respiratory gas exchange were measured. This experiment was duplicated in visit 1 and visit 2 with a random application of SCS frequency order and the data were averaged. There were no significant differences among three frequencies with no leg ischaemia. However, High SCS demonstrated lower BP, HR, and respiratory gas exchange relative to No SCS and Low SCS. SCS may be effective in improving cardiovascular and ventilatory responses in HF and high‐frequency stimulation provides more clinical benefit; however, further studies are needed.
In Situ Fabrication of Cd Layer on Zn Foil Through Replacement Reaction for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to CO
Authors: Wan Xiaoqi , Zhou Guangying , Chen Xuanhong , Qi Kongsheng , Li Hongping , Yu Linjie , Fan Zixi , Dong Weiwei , Yang Dexin
Published: April 2024

Transforming carbon dioxide (CO2) into valuable chemical products or carbonaceous fuels is a crucial strategy for addressing the impact of global climate change and energy challenges. Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR) shows promise in this regard, but challenges remain in the eCO2RR, such as poor electrocatalytic activity and low selectivity of the target product. In this study, we report a one‐step method of replacement reaction for synthesizing a cadmium layer on the zinc foil surface (named as the Cd/Zn electrode) for efficient eCO2RR to CO. The thicknesses of Cd layers could be easily adjusted by varying the molar concentration of Cd2+. The Cd/Zn electrode with an approximately 2.0 μm thick Cd layer exhibited superior electrocatalytic performance of the eCO2RR to CO in the ionic liquid‐containing electrolytes. The highest Faradaic efficiency of CO reached up to 99.0 % at −1.9 V vs. Ag/Ag+, and the maximum CO partial current density achieved 34.8 mA cm−2 at −2.3 V vs. Ag/Ag+. The 3D fluffy Cd layer with a suitable thickness on the Zn foil surface provided abundant active sites, fast charge transfer rate, and strong adsorption ability of CO2⋅− intermediates, which contributed to the enhancement of the electrocatalytic performance of the eCO2RR to CO.
Synthesis of Noncoded Amino Acids Bearing a Salicylaldehyde Tag for the Design of Reversible‐Covalent Peptides
Authors: Mason Mattia , Nava Beatrice , Belvisi Laura , Pignataro Luca , Dal Corso Alberto
Published: April 2024

Insertion of electrophilic species on the structure of small molecule ligands or peptides is a well‐known strategy to increase their binding affinity for the target protein of interest. Among these reactive units, the salicylaldehyde (SA) tag can form remarkably stable imine bonds with the ϵ‐amino group of lysine, a highly frequent residue in proteins. In this work, we describe the optimized synthesis of two new noncoded α‐amino acids, starting from l‐homoserine and featuring the SA tag on the side chain. One of these final compounds was successfully inserted into a model tripeptide through in‐solution synthesis. These building blocks will allow the versatile insertion of the SA tag at suitable position of peptide sequences, opening to a tailored design of Lys‐engaging peptide ligands.
Performance enhancement and optimization of primary frequency regulation of coal‐fired units under boundary conditions
Authors: Kang Jingqiu , Chen Xiaofeng , Yang Zhenyong , Liu Lei , You Mo , Zhao Yuzheng , Liang Boyang , Hao Junhong , Hong Feng
Published: April 2024

Under the dual‐carbon goal, due to the long‐term operation of thermal power units under wide load and frequent fluctuating load after heat supply transformation, the dynamic process of subcritical units is modeled, and a frequency modulation optimization technology based on frequency signal accuracy is proposed to ensure the accuracy of the speed signal and improve the qualification rate of primary frequency modulation action. At the same time, the frequency regulation technology of steam engine side control optimization under boundary working conditions is proposed, so as to realize the sensitivity and rapidity of the digital electric hydraulic control system. The coordination optimization technology under boundary working conditions is proposed, and the primary frequency regulation performance of the unit is improved through a series of optimization adjustments. Finally, the engineering application is carried out and the optimization effect is analyzed.
An anonymous and efficient certificateless signature scheme based on blockchain in NDN‐IoT environments
Authors: Wang Cong , Deng Xu , Ma Maode , Li Qiang , Bai Hongpeng , Zhang Yanan
Published: April 2024

The Named Data Networking (NDN) architecture, known for its caching strategies and name‐based routing, is an exemplary paradigm for content distribution across Internet of Things (IoT) devices. In the environment of NDN‐IoT, there is an urgent demand for a lightweight signature authentication scheme suitable for terminal devices to ensure the integrity of Data packets and the legitimacy of their sources. Many researchers opt for employing certificateless public key cryptography measures to enhance the security of communication among terminal devices in NDN‐IoT. However, among the array of proposed solutions, issues such as lack of resistance against signer identity exposure, susceptibility to man‐in‐the‐middle attacks, and replay attacks persist. Some researchers advocate for partitioning the devices in NDN‐IoT into different zones, yet there remains a deficiency in the design of packet exchange mechanisms across distinct zones. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel blockchain‐based certificate‐less signature scheme in the NDN‐IoT environment that integrates key features such as distributed legitimate producer management, inter‐domain interaction mechanisms, anonymous identity protection, and blockchain storage optimization. The overarching goal is to provide robust security services for resource‐constrained devices within the NDN infrastructure while ensuring authenticity and integrity of data packets while alleviating the burden of certificate management on end devices. Compared to similar existing solutions, our proposed method incurs only 34% of the computational overhead required for Data packet signature verification, while maintaining equivalent cache occupancy and achieving higher security performance.
Holding the Guardrails on Involuntary Commitment
Authors: Coleman Carl H.
Published: April 2024

In response to the increasing number of mentally ill people experiencing homelessness, some policy‐makers have called for the expanded use of involuntary commitment, even for individuals who are not engaging in behaviors that are immediately life‐threatening. Yet there is no evidence that involuntary commitment offers long‐term benefits, and significant reasons to believe that expanding the practice will cause harm. In addition, these proposals ignore research showing that most people with mental illness have the capacity to make medical decisions for themselves. Rather than expanding the use of involuntary commitment, policy‐makers should support approaches proven to decrease the prevalence of homelessness, such as supportive housing. In addition, states should reevaluate their commitment standards for persons who pose no risk of harm to others. One promising approach is Northern Ireland's Mental Health Capacity Act of 2016, which establishes a uniform standard for imposing nonconsensual health care interventions, without any distinction between mental illnesses and other conditions in which capacity might be compromised.
Comparative etiological analysis of critical patients presenting to the emergency department with altered consciousness across age groups: A prospective observational study
Authors: Yildirim Harun , Armagan Erol , Kose Ataman , Eraybar Suna , Ahun Erhan , Cinar Sert Pinar
Published: April 2024

Introduction

The aim of our study is to assess the relationship between altered consciousness in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) without a history of trauma and the physiological changes associated with aging. Additionally, we aim to compare diagnostic differences between patients under the age of 65 and those aged 65 and above.

Methods

This prospective study was conducted at the ED of Uludağ University Medical Faculty Hospital over a 1‐year period from December 2012 to November 2013. Patients aged 18 and above presenting with non‐traumatic altered consciousness were included, and they were categorized into two groups based on age: <65 years and ≥65 years. Comparison between age groups included gender, seasonal presentation, vital signs, consciousness level, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, requested consultations, diagnoses, and outcomes.

Results

Out of 646 patients, 312 (48%) were female, and 334 (52%) were male, with a mean age of 64.9 ± 16.4 years. The highest number of admissions for altered consciousness occurred during the summer season (n = 200, 31%). In the 65 and above age group, a statistically significant elevation was found in the mean systolic blood pressure (p < 0.05). In neurological diagnoses, cerebrovascular events were observed most frequently, while in non‐neurological diagnoses, endocrine/metabolic diseases were more common. It was observed that GCS scores were lower in neurological diagnoses (p = 0.020). Discharges were more frequent in the under 65 age group, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). It was found that the mortality rate was higher in non‐neurological diagnoses, and this was statistically significant (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

When determining the cause of altered consciousness in patients with such symptoms, a comprehensive understanding of physiological changes in elderly individuals is crucial. While high blood pressure may indicate neurological diagnoses, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fever may suggest non‐neurological causes.
Managing upward and downward through informal networks in Jordan: The contested terrain of performance management
Authors: Melhem Muntaser J. , Darwish Tamer K. , Wood Geoffrey , Abushaikha Ismail
Published: April 2024

This study explores how local managers, in practicing Human Resource management (HRM), may pursue their own interests that are out of line with the agendas of headquarters in multinational companies (MNCs). It is widely acknowledged that informal networks have an impact on HRM practices in emerging markets. While these networks are often regarded as beneficial for organizations in compensating for institutional shortfalls, they may also lead to corruption, nepotism, or other ethical transgressions. Indigenous scholarship on informal networks in emerging markets has highlighted how their impact occurs through a dynamic process; powerful placeholders deploy informal networks to entrench existing power and authority relations when managing people. Qualitative data were gathered through 43 in‐depth interviews and documentary evidence from MNCs operating in Jordan. MNCs are subject to both home and host country effects; we highlight how, in practicing HRM, country of domicile managers deploy the cultural scripts of wasta informal network to secure and enhance their own relative authority. HRM practices are repurposed by actors who secure and consolidate their power through wasta. They dispense patronage to insiders and marginalize outsiders; the latter includes not only more vulnerable local employees but also expatriates. This phenomenon becomes particularly evident during the performance appraisal process, which may serve as a basis for the differential treatment and rewards of employees. Consequently, this further dilutes the capacity of MNCs to implement—as adverse to espousing—centrally decided approaches to HRM.