bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supplementation of banana peel powder for the development of functional broiler nuggets
Authors: Akram Tasleem , Mustafa Sharmeen , Ilyas Khola , Tariq Muhammad Rizwan , Ali Shinawar Waseem , Ali Sajid , Shafiq Muhammad , Rao Maryam , Safdar Waseem , Iftikhar Madiha , Hameed Amna , Manzoor Mujahid , Akhtar Madiha , Umer Zujaja , Basharat Zunaira
Published: November 2022

Banana peel powder is considered one of the most nutritive and effective waste product to be utilized as a functional additive in the food industry. This study aimed to determine the impact of banana peel powder at concentrations of 2%, 4%, and 6% on the nutritional composition, physicochemical parameters, antioxidant potential, cooking properties, microbial count, and organoleptic properties of functional nuggets during storage at refrigeration temperature for 21 days. Results showed a significant increase in nutritional content including ash and crude fiber ranging from 2.52 ± 0.017% to 6.45 ± 0.01% and 0.51 ± 0.01% to 2.13 ± 0.01%, respectively, whereas a significant decrease was observed in crude protein and crude fat ranging from 13.71 ± 0.02% to 8.92 ± 0.02% and 9.25 ± 0.02% to 4.51 ± 0.01%, respectively. The incorporation of banana peel powder significantly improved the Water Holding Capacity from 5.17% to 8.37%, cooking yield from 83.20 ± 0.20% to 87.73 ± 0.16% and cooking loss from 20.19 ± 0.290% to 13.98 ± 0.15%. Antioxidant potential was significantly improved as TPC of functional nuggets increased ranging from 3.73 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g to 8.53 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g while a decrease in TBARS (0.18 ± 0.02 mg malonaldehyde/kg to 0.14 ± 0.02 mg malonaldehyde/kg) was observed. Furthermore, functional broiler nuggets depicted a significantly reduced total plate count (3.06–4.20 × 105 CFU/g) than control, which is likely due to high amounts of phenolic compounds in BPP. Broiler nuggets supplemented with 2% BPP (T1) received the greatest sensory scores in terms of flavour, tenderness, and juiciness. Results of current study revealed the potential of BPP to be utilized as an effective natural source of fibre supplementation in food products along with enhanced antioxidant and anti-microbial properties.
Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) Levels in Children with Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Mohammed Alaa Ebraheem , Elnemr Shimaa Basyoni , El-Serogy Hesham Ahmed , Zoair Amr Mohamed
Published: November 2022

Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a frequent consequence of untreated congenital heart disease (CHD). Elevated pulmonary pressure induces vascular remodeling and RV dysfunction through several mechanisms, culminating in a gradual elevation in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and ultimately reversal of shunt with the progression of Eisenmenger syndrome.

Objectives: To analyze the role of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) in pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to CHD and also to investigate if this marker has a diagnostic or prognostic value.

Subjects and Methods: 25 subjects with PAH associated with CHD, 25 subjects with CHD without PH, and 25 healthy children as controls were included. Heart electrocardiography, Doppler and Two-dimensional, M-mode echocardiographic evaluation of CHD and pulmonary pressure were done. Blood specimens were collected from all subjects to assess serum MMP-2 levels by ELISA.

Results: The mean MMP-2 values significantly enhanced in PAH-CHD children as compared to CHD without PAH patients and controls (P<0.05). A significant correlation was found among MMP-2 and mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) and echocardiographic parameters of RV diameter and function. Sensitivity of MMP-2 as a diagnostic marker was 52% and specificity was 96%.

Conclusion: Serum MMP-2 were significantly enhanced in PAH-CHD children and were correlated to severity of PH and to the echocardiographic measures of its assessment. MMP-2 could be used as an excellent diagnostic and predictive biomarker in PAH-CHD children, which could be beneficial in treatment of PH in children and prediction of their outcome.
Understanding Uptake and Experience of Interpreting Services in Primary Care in a South Asian Population in the UK
Authors: Whitaker Katriina L. , Krystallidou Demi , Williams Emily D. , Black Georgia , Vindrola-Padros Cecilia , Gill Paramjit , Braun Sabine
Published: November 2022

This cross-sectional study addresses the evidence gap in uptake of interpretation services and patient experiences among a South Asian population in the UK without English language proficiency.
Site‐Selective CH Functionalizations Using Pd Catalysis and Photochemistry
Authors: Deb Mayukh , Rana Sujoy
Published: November 2022

In organic synthesis,the selectivity of any transformationis considered to be the prime target. Since the past decade, site‐selective CH functionalizations are apprehended as one of the most promising areas where Pd‐catalyzed methods are predominant. For a long duration, organic chemists have enjoyed the benefits of Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions and realized the pros and cons. Simultaneously, the need of palladium‐catalyzed methods for CH functionalization through CH bond activations was realized that led them to discoversite‐selectiveortho and proximal‐sp3CH functionalization. Eventually, this had pushed to achieve site‐selective distal sp3andmeta/para‐sp2CH functionalization methods. Different novel strategies including rational design of directing templates with different kinds of directing groups have been successfully utilized for proximal and distal CH functionalizations. Inherent drawbacks of such reactions further motivated the chemists to synergize with greener photoredox approaches to perform these reactions more sustainably. In this article, we have depicted all these different approaches of CH functionalization by Pd catalysis in a more concise and elucidated way.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric C(sp2)H Functionalization
Authors: Jacob Nicolas , Wencel‐Delord Joanna
Published: November 2022

The asymmetric CH activation field has been rapidly expanding research axis. Indeed, implementing the CH activation mindset within the synthesis of chiral molecules opens unprecedented opportunities to access enantiomerically pure compounds rapidly. In particular, the combination of the C(sp2)H activation and stereoselective synthesis turned out to be a versatile and high‐efficient methodology delivering a variety of atropisomeric compounds and also molecules bearing stereogenic centers and planar chirality. In this article, the key concepts and achievements in the field of asymmetric Pd‐catalyzed C(sp2)H activation are discussed.
Ru‐Catalyzed CC Bond Formation via CH Bond Cleavage
Authors: Giustra Zachary , Verho Oscar , Pilarski Lukasz
Published: November 2022

This article discusses developments in Ru‐catalyzed CC bond‐forming reactions that proceed via CH activation. The field has evolved rapidly, offering many new and valuable transformations that enable the construction of molecular complexity. These include new modes of achieving regioselectivity in CH functionalization, new approaches to the late‐stage functionalization of bioactive molecules, new mechanistic insights, and various other advances. This article aims to balance a historical perspective with highlights from recent literature.
Ru‐Catalyzed CH Functionalization of Benzoic Acids
Authors: Dana Suman , Baidya Mahiuddin
Published: November 2022

Carboxylic acid‐directed Ru(II)‐catalyzed functionalization of arenes has appeared as one of the most prominent synthetic strategies to build molecular complexity from simplified and easily accessible benzoic acid precursors. In the past decade, various CC and C–heteroatom bond‐forming processes have been realized, which has delineated the potential of this catalytic system. This article systematically highlights these discoveries along with their key mechanistic features. Different modes of Ru(II)‐catalytic manifolds have been thoroughly depicted for the understanding of these catalytic processes. The unique potential of carboxylic acid functionality as a traceless directing group has also been briefly discussed alongside its future prospects.
α‐CH Functionalization of π‐Bonds Using Iron Complexes
Authors: Xia Yue , Wang Yi‐Ming
Published: November 2022

In this article, we discuss the history, mechanisms, and important recent advances in the functionalization CH bonds at the benzylic, allylic, and propargylic sites using iron catalysts. Reactions that proceed through radical intermediates, as well as those proceeding through organoiron intermediates, are included, and both catalytic transformations and transformations stoichiometric in iron are discussed.
Steric Effects in
ortho
CH Activation of Aromatic Systems
Authors: Novák Zoltán , Tóth Balázs L. , Stirling András
Published: November 2022

Transition metal‐catalyzed directed aromatic
ortho
CH activation offers many possibilities for the functionalization of various substrates having different directing groups. However, the reactivity of the substrate is determined by electronic and steric factors. Herein, we present and discuss a recently developed model which considers only the steric properties of the substrates to assess their reactivity in
ortho
CH activation in the presence of
ortho
substituents. Dihedral angle between the directing group and the aromatic ring influences the coordination and the CH activation elementary step, thus determine reactivities and the stability of metal‐complex intermediates. The presentation of the theoretical model is followed by several literature examples from substrates having borderline reactivities, to explore and describe the most interesting region of reactivity. The most commonly used directing groups are discussed taking into consideration their key structural elements, and reactivity trends are presented with the help of complex formation and reactions of each substrate group. The lack of transformation is also discussed by showing representatives of unreactive substrates.
CH Functionalization of Indazoles
Authors: Kumar Anil , Sakhuja Rajeev
Published: November 2022

The indazole is an important class of bicyclic nitrogen‐containing heterocycle that forms the core structure of a large number of compounds with potential therapeutic value. Consequently, CH functionalization of this scaffold has been extensively explored using transition metal‐catalyzed and metal‐free CH functionalization strategies. This article provides a perspective on various strategies that have been developed to add a substituent on this heterocycle core and their appropriate coupling partners.
Intra‐ and Inter‐Molecular Carbene and Nitrene Insertion by Metalloenzymes into CH Bond
Authors: Mukherjee Prasun , Jain Shubhanshu , Al‐Thabaiti Shaeel A. , Mokhtar Mohamed , Maiti Debabrata
Published: November 2022

Enzymes provide a uniquely crafted chiral environment for a reaction to proceed in high selectivity and catalytic activity. However, enzymes are very substrate‐specific and thus provide little use in synthetic settings where broad substrate applicability is desirable. (i) Modifying an enzyme, either through modification of some residues or by installing a nonnative transition metal complex, can broaden the substrate scope and allow nonnatural transformations while increasing the activity and selectivity of small‐molecule catalysis. Coupled with the recent advances in genetic engineering and directed evolution method, (ii) modifying enzymes as per the requirement is getting more accessible. These modifications are resulting in increased attention to the enzymatic catalysis field, some even replacing established organometal‐catalyzed industrial processes. (iii) However, even with improvement in such techniques, creating an abiotic reaction from a noncatalytic scaffold remains a significant limitation.
Ag‐, Au‐, and Pt‐Catalyzed CH Functionalization
Authors: Xiong Heng‐Ying , Zhang Guangwu , Elsaid Mazen , Ge Haibo
Published: November 2022

This article summarizes the recent advances in Ag‐, Au‐, and Pt‐catalyzed CH functionalizations. First, a systemic collection of Ag‐catalyzed CH functionalization reactions classified into CspH, Csp
2
H, and Csp
3
H functionalizations is presented. These reactions proceed through nitrene transfer, carbene transfer, radical intermediacy, or other pathways. Some mechanistic discussions on selected transformations are provided, especially for the radical processes. Next, gold‐catalyzed CH reactions starting with Csp
3
H functionalization are described. Early gold‐catalyzed CH functionalization processes often involved nitrene transfer, carbene transfer, or redox processes. The mechanistic aspects of gold‐catalyzed reactions involving novel intermediates are also discussed. Finally, a survey of Pt‐catalyzed CH functionalization reactions, albeit limited in examples when compared to Ag‐ and Au‐catalyzed processes, is provided.
Bioinspired C(sp
3
)H Functionalization by High‐Valent Iron/Manganese Oxo Complexes and Applications in Organic Syntheses
Authors: Wan Yanjun , Tan Liming , Wu Keyang , Li Gang
Published: November 2022

The direct functionalization of aliphatic CH bonds has emerged as a versatile strategy to convert chemical feedstocks to higher‐value chemicals. Nature performs aliphatic CH functionalization reactions with impressive efficiency and selectivity using iron‐dependent heme and nonheme enzymes. The reaction proceeds through a radical pathway via H· abstraction by high‐valent metal oxo species. Chemists have used well‐defined iron and manganese complexes as artificial catalysts to mimic the functions of the enzymatic systems. By regulating and tuning the ligands, almost a full spectrum of enzymatic reactivity on CH functionalization can be replicated. By virtue of their potential application in synthetic chemistry, CH oxidations and halogenations have sparked numerous interests in the past two decades. This article summarizes the recent progress on CH oxidations and halogenations using heme and nonheme iron and manganese catalysts. Specific attention is given to reactions under synthetically applicable conditions. Strategies for tuning the reactivity and selectivity of CH functionalization reactions were discussed. These discoveries are expected to enable the further application of CH functionalization reactions in synthetic chemistry, particularly the emerging late‐stage diversifications of complex molecules that can be ultimately utilized in the pharmaceutical industry.
Metal‐Catalyzed Annulations via Activation of Alkenyl CH Bonds
Authors: Cendón Borja , González José Manuel , Mascareñas José Luis , Gulías Moisés
Published: November 2022

Annulations initiated by CH activation processes have emerged as powerful tools for the synthesis of cyclic compounds from acyclic precursors, in a straightforward, direct, and atom efficient way. Traditionally, most of these annulations involve the activation of C(sp
2
)H bonds in aromatic compounds; but, more recently, this chemistry is also being extended to alkenes, which is highly attractive, but also challenging, because it requires to avoid side reactivity pathways typical of double bonds. In this article, we revise the more relevant advances in the field together with an explanation of key mechanistic features of each type of reaction.
Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cross‐Coupling Between Olefins
Authors: Jiang Bing , Xu Yun‐He
Published: November 2022

Transition metal‐catalyzed oxidative dehydrogenative cross‐coupling of alkenes represents an atom‐ and step‐economical approach to access valuable diene derivatives that are frequently displayed in natural products and medicinal agents. This article details the recent developments in the transition metal‐catalyzed CH bond alkenylation of olefins.
Metal‐Free CH Functionalization for the Synthesis of Pyrrole, Pyridine, and Pyrimidine
Authors: Borah Gongutri , Borah Ashwini , Banik Bimal K.
Published: November 2022

Heterocycles receive great attention because of their versatile properties as pharmacophores. Among these heterocycles, the biological activities, reactions, and synthesis of pyrrole‐, pyridine‐, and pyrimidine‐containing molecules are most important as they serve as a field of research in heteroaromatic chemistry. These scaffolds not only have a great presence in a broad range of drug molecules but are also found as pervasive shreds of several vitamins, pharmaceutically important natural products, synthetic drug candidates, and biomolecules. In this article, we summarize a diverse range of metal‐free CH functionalization approaches for the synthesis of pyrrole, pyridine, pyrimidine, and their derivatives.
Tandem CH/CO Activation as New Paradigm for Molecular Synthesis
Authors: Wang Ting‐Hsuan , Hung Chen‐Hsun , Ong Tiow‐Gan
Published: November 2022

Over the last two decades, phenolic or alcoholic derivatives have been slowly evolved as conceivable replacements to the ubiquitous aryl halides (I, Br, and Cl) in the carbon–carbon cross‐coupling reaction. Nonetheless, there is a daunting challenge in the adoption of CO activation as the toolkit in sustainable molecular synthesis, owing to the high dissociation energy to break the CO bond, thus limiting the scope of reactions for broader application. Therefore, cross‐coupling reaction by incorporating CH bond activation into CO manifold might enrich the reactivity and expand the chemical space for more complex molecule. This article will discuss the reaction methodology and mechanism concerning about nickel and palladium‐promoted tandem CH/CO bond activation for the cross‐coupling reaction.
CH Functionalization Reactions of Heterocycles via Carbene Transfer Reactions
Authors: Empel Claire , Koenigs Rene M.
Published: November 2022

Carbene transfer reactions of diazoalkanes are a powerful tool for the direct CH functionalization of heterocycles. Diazoalkanes have proven as excellent precursors to access free or metal‐bound carbene intermediates with molecular nitrogen as the sole by‐product. Herein, we describe carbene transfer reactions for the selective CH functionalization of heterocycles such as pyrrole, indole, or carbazole. Developments in metal‐catalyzed and light‐mediated approaches will be discussed in detail.
Extreme Specific Stiffness Through Interactive Cellular Networks in Bi‐Level Micro‐Topology Architected Metamaterials
Authors: Kundu Diptiman , Ghuku Sushanta , Naskar Susmita , Mukhopadhyay Tanmoy
Published: November 2022

Architected lattice materials, realized through artificial micro‐structuring, have drawn tremendous attention lately due to their enhanced mechanical performances in multifunctional applications. However, the research area on the design of artificial microstructures for the modulation of mechanical properties is increasingly becoming saturated due to extensive investigations considering different possibilities of lattice geometry and beam‐like network design. Thus, there exists a strong rationale for innovative design at a more elementary level. It can enhance and grow the microstructural space laterally for exploiting the potential of geometries and patterns in multiple length scales, and the mutual interactions thereof. A bi‐level design is proposed, where besides having the architected cellular networks at an upper scale, the constituting beam‐like members at a lower scale are further topology‐engineered for most optimum material utilization. The coupled interaction of beam‐level and lattice‐level architectures can enhance the specific elastic properties to an extreme extent (up to ≈25 and 20 times, depending on normal and shear modes, respectively), leading to ultra‐lightweight multifunctional materials for critical applications under static and dynamic environments.
An Intelligent Nanoplatform for Orthotopic Glioblastoma Therapy by Nonferrous Ferroptosis
Authors: Cao Yue , Zhang Shuai , Lv Zhijia , Yin Na , Zhang Hao , Song Peizhe , Zhang Tianqi , Chen Yong , Xu Haiyang , Wang Yinghui , Liu Xinrui , Zhao Gang , Zhang Hongjie
Published: November 2022

Ferroptosis, characterized by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation (LPO), can avoid the intrinsic apoptotic resistance of tumor cells and have been explored for glioblastoma (GBM) therapy. However, the direct delivery of iron species may trigger severe adverse side effects. Using nonferrous species to induce LPO‐mediated ferroptosis maybe a promising strategy for GBM treatment, but there is still no report till now. Therefore, in this study, first an intelligent blood–brain barrier (BBB)‐permeable nanoplatform (PCN‐224@Au/CeO2‐Lf) is constructed for efficient nonferrous ferroptosis‐involved orthotopic GBM therapy. Porous coordination network‐224 nanoparticles (PCN‐224 NPs) are served as sonosensitizers for sonodynamic therapy (SDT). In situ growth of small Au NPs with glucose oxidase (GOx)‐mimic activity and CeO2 NPs with peroxidase (POD)‐ and catalase (CAT)‐mimic abilities are applied for H2O2 self‐supplement, more acidic microenvironment, and generation of cytotoxic hydroxyl radical (·OH) and O2, which improves the efficacy of SDT. Besides, Ce4+‐mediated glutathione (GSH) depletion further promotes ferroptosis and apoptosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and GSH consumption‐related glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) deactivation promote the accumulation of LPO, leading to significant nonferrous ferroptosis, which can effectively shrink the orthotopic GBM. These findings first demonstrate the nonferrous ferroptosis strategy for efficient GBM treatment.
Stable Anode‐Free All‐Solid‐State Lithium Battery through Tuned Metal Wetting on the Copper Current Collector
Authors: Wang Yixian , Liu Yijie , Nguyen Mai , Cho Jaeyoung , Katyal Naman , Vishnugopi Bairav S. , Hao Hongchang , Fang Ruyi , Wu Nan , Liu Pengcheng , Mukherjee Partha P. , Nanda Jagjit , Henkelman Graeme , Watt John , Mitlin David
Published: November 2022

A stable anode‐free all‐solid‐state battery (AF‐ASSB) with sulfide‐based solid‐electrolyte (SE) (argyrodite Li6PS5Cl) is achieved by tuning wetting of lithium metal on “empty” copper current‐collector. Lithiophilic 1 µm Li2Te is synthesized by exposing the collector to tellurium vapor, followed by in situ Li activation during the first charge. The Li2Te significantly reduces the electrodeposition/electrodissolution overpotentials and improves Coulombic efficiency (CE). During continuous electrodeposition experiments using half‐cells (1 mA cm−2), the accumulated thickness of electrodeposited Li on Li2Te–Cu is more than 70 µm, which is the thickness of the Li foil counter‐electrode. Full AF‐ASSB with NMC811 cathode delivers an initial CE of 83% at 0.2C, with a cycling CE above 99%. Cryogenic focused ion beam (Cryo‐FIB) sectioning demonstrates uniform electrodeposited metal microstructure, with no signs of voids or dendrites at the collector‐SE interface. Electrodissolution is uniform and complete, with Li2Te remaining structurally stable and adherent. By contrast, an unmodified Cu current‐collector promotes inhomogeneous Li electrodeposition/electrodissolution, electrochemically inactive “dead metal,” dendrites that extend into SE, and thick non‐uniform solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) interspersed with pores. Density functional theory (DFT) and mesoscale calculations provide complementary insight regarding nucleation‐growth behavior. Unlike conventional liquid‐electrolyte metal batteries, the role of current collector/support lithiophilicity has not been explored for emerging AF‐ASSBs.
STING Suppresses Mitochondrial VDAC2 to Govern RCC Growth Independent of Innate Immunity
Authors: Zhu Zhichuan , Zhou Xin , Du Hongwei , Cloer Erica W. , Zhang Jiaming , Mei Liu , Wang Ying , Tan Xianming , Hepperla Austin J. , Simon Jeremy M. , Cook Jeanette Gowen , Major Michael B. , Dotti Gianpietro , Liu Pengda
Published: November 2022

STING is an innate immune sensor for immune surveillance of viral/bacterial infection and maintenance of an immune‐friendly microenvironment to prevent tumorigenesis. However, if and how STING exerts innate immunity‐independent function remains elusive. Here, the authors report that STING expression is increased in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients and governs tumor growth through non‐canonical innate immune signaling involving mitochondrial ROS maintenance and calcium homeostasis. Mitochondrial voltage‐dependent anion channel VDAC2 is identified as a new STING binding partner. STING depletion potentiates VDAC2/GRP75‐mediated MERC (mitochondria‐ER contact) formation to increase mitochondrial ROS/calcium levels, impairs mitochondria function, and suppresses mTORC1/S6K signaling leading to RCC growth retardation. STING interaction with VDAC2 occurs through STING‐C88/C91 palmitoylation and inhibiting STING palmitoyl‐transferases ZDHHCs by 2‐BP significantly impedes RCC cell growth alone or in combination with sorafenib. Together, these studies reveal an innate immunity‐independent function of STING in regulating mitochondrial function and growth in RCC, providing a rationale to target the STING/VDAC2 interaction in treating RCC.
CRISPR/Cas12a‐Enabled Multiplex Biosensing Strategy Via an Affordable and Visual Nylon Membrane Readout
Authors: Hu Tao , Ke Xinxin , Li Wei , Lin Yu , Liang Ajuan , Ou Yangjing , Chen Chuanxia
Published: November 2022

Most multiplex nucleic acids detection methods require numerous reagents and high‐priced instruments. The emerging clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas has been regarded as a promising point‐of‐care (POC) strategy for nucleic acids detection. However, how to achieve CRISPR/Cas multiplex biosensing remains a challenge. Here, an affordable means termed CRISPR‐RDB (CRISPR‐based reverse dot blot) for multiplex target detection in parallel, which possesses the advantages of high sensitivity and specificity, cost‐effectiveness, instrument‐free, ease to use, and visualization is reported. CRISPR‐RDB integrates the trans‐cleavage activity of CRISPR‐Cas12a with a commercial RDB technique. It utilizes different Cas12a‐crRNA complexes to separately identify multiple targets in one sample and converts targeted information into colorimetric signals on a piece of accessible nylon membrane that attaches corresponding specific‐oligonucleotide probes. It has demonstrated that the versatility of CRISPR‐RDB by constructing a four‐channel system to simultaneously detect influenza A, influenza B, respiratory syncytial virus, and SARS‐CoV‐2. With a simple modification of crRNAs, the CRISPR‐RDB can be modified to detect human papillomavirus, saving two‐thirds of the time compared to a commercial PCR‐RDB kit. Further, a user‐friendly microchip system for convenient use, as well as a smartphone app for signal interpretation, is engineered. CRISPR‐RDB represents a desirable option for multiplexed biosensing and on‐site diagnosis.
Glutathione‐Responsive Nanoparticles of Camptothecin Prodrug for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zhang Lingpu , Zhu Lin , Tang Lin , Xie Jiayi , Gao Yajuan , Yu Changyuan , Shang Kun , Han Hongbin , Liu Chaoyong , Lu Yunfeng
Published: November 2022

Camptothecin (CPT) is a potent chemotherapeutic agent for various cancers, but the broader application of CPT is still hindered by its poor bioavailability and systemic toxicity. Here, a prodrug that releases CPT in response to glutathione (GSH), which is commonly overexpressed by cancer cells is reported. Through assembling with PEGylated lipids, the prodrug is incorporated within as‐assembled nanoparticles, affording CPT with a prolonged half‐life in blood circulation, enhanced tumor targetingability, and improved therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, such prodrug nanoparticles can also promote dendritic cell maturation and tumor infiltration of CD8+ T cells, providing a novel strategy to improve the therapeutic efficacy of CPT.
Process coupling of CO2 and glycerol comprehensive utilization based on anionic 2D nanomaterial
Authors: Gao Mingyu , Fan Jiaxuan , Fan Jingjing , Wang Qian , Li Dianqing , Feng Junting
Published: November 2022

We developed an approach to realize the comprehensive utilization of CO2 and glycerol by smartly design a nanocatalyst, which concerns the coupling of catalytic reactions and the separation or capture process. Specifically, MgFe‐CO32−‐LDHs with different thickness were fabricated by employing atmospheric CO2 as carbon source and an atomic‐level interface was constructed by introducing Pt single atoms to obtain series of Pt/MgFe‐LDHs nanocatalysts. During a catalytic assessment, the CO32− confined within interlayer was in situ converted when integrated with glycerol oxidation under irradiation. The optimal nanocatalyst exhibited a decent conversion efficiency of CO32−‐CO‐CH4 and near 100% selectivity of secondary hydroxy group in glycerol. DFT calculation, isotope‐labeled experiments and in situ spectrograph characterization revealed possible coupling reaction mechanism. More importantly, the nanocatalyst exhibited impressive reusability for at least six 6 runs. The developed multiple coupling process will be an alternative and promising procedure for the waste and low‐valued sources synergetic utilization.
Emerging Lithiated Organic Cathode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Full Batteries
Authors: Lu Yong , Zhang Qiu , Li Fujun , Chen Jun
Published: November 2022

Organic electrode materials have application potential in lithium batteries owing to their high capacity, abundant resources, and structural designability. However, most reported organic cathodes are at oxidized states (namely unlithiated compounds) and thus need to couple with Li‐rich anodes. In contrast, lithiated organic cathode materials could act as a Li reservoir and match with Li‐free anodes such as graphite, showing great promise for practical full‐battery applications. Here we summarize the synthesis, stability, and battery applications of lithiated organic cathode materials, including synthetic methods, stability against O2 and H2O in air, and strategies to improve comprehensive electrochemical performance. Future research should be focused on new redox chemistries and the construction of full batteries with lithiated organic cathodes and commercial anodes under practical conditions. This Minireview will encourage more efforts on lithiated organic cathode materials and finally promote their commercialization.
Accelerated‐curing epoxy structural film adhesive for bonding lightweight honeycomb sandwich structures
Authors: Zhao Liwei , Li Hongfeng , Qiao Yingjie , Bai Xuefeng , Wang Dezhi , Qu Chunyan , Xiao Wanbao , Liu Ye , Zhang Jian
Published: November 2022

Accelerating the curing of epoxy/aromatic amine adhesives and improving their toughness are challenges in heat‐resistant epoxy structural adhesives. Herein, we report an epoxy/aromatic amine adhesive accelerated curing system with an oxo‐centered trinuclear (chromium III) complex, which is toughened using a thermoplastic block copolymer (TPBC). The reaction characteristics, heat resistance, microstructure, and bonding properties of the accelerated epoxy adhesives were analyzed. The reaction peak temperature of the epoxy with 3% catalyst was 113.1°C, which was 113.6°C lower than that of epoxy without catalyst, and the modified epoxy resin demonstrated a potential for rapid curing at medium temperature. The glass transition temperature of the TPBC‐toughened epoxy adhesive was 125°C after curing, indicating excellent thermal stability after medium temperature curing. The introduction of the TPBC increased the single‐lap shear strength of the epoxy adhesive without reducing its heat resistance. The shear strength at room temperature and 120°C of the modified epoxy adhesive with 50 phr of TPBC was 25.2 and 10.9 MPa, respectively. Moreover, the epoxy film adhesive exhibited outstanding bonding properties when used in the bonding of lightweight honeycomb sandwich structures.
New chimeric HDAC inhibitors for the treatment of colorectal cancer
Authors: Bär Sofia I. , Pradhan Rohan , Biersack Bernhard , Nitzsche Bianca , Höpfner Michael , Schobert Rainer
Published: November 2022

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cause of cancer‐associated deaths due to a high recurrence rate and an increasing occurrence of resistance to established therapies. This highlights the importance of developing new chemotherapeutic agents. The current study focuses on cancer‐specific targets such as apoptosis‐inhibiting survivin, which distinguishes cancer cells from healthy tissue. A combination of pharmacophores of established anticancer agents to afford chimeric pleiotropic chemotherapeutic agents was tested on this cancer entity. We analysed the effects of the dual mode anticancer agents, animthioxam, brimbam, troxbam, and troxham, as well as their structural congeners suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid and combretastatin A‐4 on human cancer cell lines. Their cytotoxicity was determined using the MTT assay, further techniques for detecting apoptotic events, cell cycle analyses, clonogenic and wound healing assays, immunostaining, histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity measurements, and Western blot analysis for the detection of survivin expression in HCT116 colon cancer cells. Molecular docking studies were conducted to assess potential molecular targets of the test compounds. The test compounds were found selectively cytotoxic toward cancer cells by inducing apoptosis. The metastatic potential was effectively reduced by disruption of the microtubular cytoskeleton. The test compounds were also proven to be general HDAC inhibitors and to lead to reduced survivin expression.
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a potent PLK4 inhibitor WY29 with 1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine scaffold
Authors: Wang Lin , Sun Yu , Wang Jingkai , Xue Yanli , Sun Yin , Qin Qiaohua , Sun Yixiang , Zhao Dongmei , Cheng Maosheng
Published: November 2022

Centriole duplication occurs once per cell cycle and is regulated by Polo‐like kinase 4 (PLK4). Overexpression of PLK4 in somatic cells can lead to the excessive formation of centrioles, directly causing chromosome segregation errors and tumorigenesis. In this study, we described our efforts to develop a series of PLK4 inhibitors with 1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine core, and further structure‐ and receptor‐based design and optimization resulted in a potent inhibitor WY29 (IC50 = 0.027 μM), which exhibited good selectivity to other PLK family members (PLK1‐3). At the cellular level, compound WY29 showed excellent antiproliferative activity against three breast cancer cell lines (MCF‐7, BT474, and MDA‐MB‐231) while weak inhibitory activity was found on normal cell line HUVECs. In addition, the in vitro preliminary drug‐like properties evaluation of compound WY29 showed outstanding stability in human plasma and liver microsomes, and weak inhibitory activity against the major subtypes of human cytochrome P450. Also, the drug‐like properties prediction of compound WY29 displayed remarkable drug‐like properties (drug‐likeness mode score: 1.06). In conclusion, these results support the further development of compound WY29 as a lead compound for PLK4‐targeted anticancer drug discovery.
Enhanced grasshopper optimization algorithm with extreme learning machines for motor‐imagery classification
Authors: Balmuri Kavitha Rani , Madala Srinivasa Rao , Divakarachari Parameshachari Bidare , de Prado Rocío Pérez , Frnda Jaroslav
Published: November 2022

In Brain Computer Interface (BCI), achieving a reliable motor‐imagery classification is a challenging task. The set of discriminative and relevant feature vectors plays a crucial role in classification. In this article, an enhanced optimization technique is implemented for selecting active feature vectors to enhance motor‐imagery classification using Electroencephalography (EEG) signals. After collecting the input EEG signals from BCI competition III‐4a and IV‐2a databases, the 6th‐order butter‐worth filter is employed for eliminating base‐line wander noise from the raw EEG signals. Further, the Variational Mode Decomposition technique is applied for separating the important signal components from the composite EEG signals, and then, the Higher Order Statistic, kurtosis, skewness, standard deviation, and entropy are utilized for feature extraction. The high‐dimensional feature values are given to the Enhanced Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm for optimum feature selection, which are given to the Extreme Learning Machines (ELM) classifier for motor‐imagery classification. Finally, in the resulting section, the optimized ELM model achieved 99.48% and 99.12% of accuracy on the BCI competition III‐4a and IV‐2a databases, where the achieved results are maximum compared to the traditional deep learning models.
Discussion on paper “An Overview of Some Classical Models and Discussion of the Signature‐based Models of Preventive Maintenance”
Authors: Spizzichino Fabio L.
Published: November 2022

Possible generalizations of models and techniques of signature‐based preventive Maintenance have been, in particular, advocated in the extended survey recently published on ASMBI. In view of future work in this direction by the reliability community a few conceptual aspects, related with concepts of system signature, will be recalled here.
Brazilian Red Propolis Accelerates Gastric Healing and Reduces Gastric Submucosal Layer Inflammation in Ultrasound‐Monitored Rats
Authors: Boeing Thaise , Monteiro Magalhães de Oliveira Beatriz , Aldana‐Mejía Jennyfer Andrea , Vidal Ccana‐Ccapatinta Gari , Venzon Larissa , Judah Cury Benhur , Santos França Tauani Caroline , de Souza Priscila , Roman Junior Walter Antônio , Mota da Silva Luísa , Kenupp Bastos Jairo
Published: November 2022

Propolis has been used for the treatment of gastric disturbances in folk medicine, nevertheless, the gastric healing effects of Brazilian red propolis have not been unveiled. This study aimed to assess the gastric healing effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of red propolis (HERP) in the acetic acid‐induced ulcer model. Rats under acetic acid‐induced‐ulcer were treated with HERP (100 mg/kg, p.o.) twice a day for seven days. Histological changes, oxidative stress, and inflammatory parameters were analyzed in the gastric tissue. Moreover, the gastric wall thickness was measured by ultrasound. The in vitro cytotoxicity of HERP and cellular migration of fibroblasts were evaluated. The treatment with HERP promoted gastric healing, reducing gastric wall thickness, macroscopic lesion area, and histopathological damages compared to the vehicle. Moreover, HERP reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in the gastric tissue but did not change mucin or collagen levels. HERP did not show signs of toxicity either in vivo or in vitro. HERP displayed a healing effect in vivo by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. These data contribute to validating the popular use of this product in the treatment of gastric disorders and advance scientific knowledge in the search for new drugs for the management of gastric ulcers.
Why complex and high risk percutaneous coronary interventions should be offered to selected octogenarians/nonagenarians
Authors: Allana Salman S. , Brilakis Emmanouil S.
Published: November 2022

Key Points

Between 2009 and 2017 23.4% of 424,290 elective complex high‐risk percutaneous interventions (CHiP) were performed in patients aged ≥80 years. Octogenarians had the highest in hospital mortality, bleeding events and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.

CHiP can and should be offered to ≥80‐year‐old patients when the potential benefits outweigh the risks.

Careful procedural planning and meticulous execution are important for optimizing the outcomes of CHiP in ≥80‐year‐old patients.
Single‐access technique for Impella‐assisted PCI: How to take hold of Impella by the smooth handle
Authors: Tarantini Giuseppe , Fabris Tommaso
Published: November 2022

Key Points

An increasing number of complex higher risk indicated patients (CHIP) are referred to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and mechanical circulatory support (MCS) provided by devices like the Impella CP is being increasingly used in such procedures.

Impella CP placement and PCI performance can be achieved through the same vascular access (“single‐access technique”), avoiding vascular complications and bleeding associated with gaining multiple arterial access sites.

When looking for an 8‐Fr system to perform CHIP‐PCI, a sheathless guiding catheter can be directly inserted within the Impella CP sheath, with the use of the Rotaglide™ as a lubricant solution to minimize the friction between the guide catheter and the Impella CP drive shaft.
To infinity and beyond!
Authors: Lucas Victor “Sam”
Published: November 2022

Key Points

Extracardiac Fontan conduits often narrow over time and can be returned safely to nominal diameter and larger with stents.

Conduit expansion often produces short term benefits. Long‐term benefits seem likely but data are limited.

A conduit pressure gradient at rest is often absent and is not required to identify potential benefit. Understanding of patient selection criteria and procedure timing is evolving.
Photoredox Catalyzed Single C−F Bond Activation of Trifluoromethyl Ketones: A Solvent Controlled Divergent Access ofgem‐Difluoromethylene Containing Scaffolds
Authors: Ghosh Soumen , Qu Zheng‐Wang , Roy Sourav , Grimme Stefan , Chatterjee Indranil
Published: November 2022

Selective defluorinative functionalization of trifluoromethyl ketones is a long‐standing challenge owing to the exhaustive mode of the process. To meet the demands for the installation of thegem‐difluoromethylene unit for the construction of the molecular architectures of well‐known pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, a distinct pathway is thereby highly desirable. Here, a protocol is introduced that allows the divergent synthesis ofgem‐difluoromethylene group containing tetrahydrofuran derivatives and linear ketones via single C−F bond activation of trifluoromethyl ketones using visible‐light photoredox catalysis in the presence of suitable olefins as trapping partner. The choice of appropriate solvent and catalyst plays a significant role in controlling the divergent behavior of this protocol. Highly reducing photo‐excited catalysts are found to be responsible for the generation of α,α‐difluoromethyl ketone (DFMK) radicals as the key intermediate via a SET process. This protocol also results in a high diastereoselectivity towards the formation of partially fluorinated cyclic ketal derivatives with simultaneous construction of one C−C and two C−O bonds. State‐of‐the‐art DFT calculations are performed to address the origin of diastereoselectivity as well as the divergence of this protocol.
Modification of chitosan with cellulose and gelatin for the removal of Cu2+, Fe2+, and Pb2+ from oily wastewater
Authors: Fundji Wato Nathan , Igberase Ephraim , Osifo Peter , Kabuba John
Published: November 2022

In this study, chitosan was modified with cellulose and gelatin for the removal of Cu2+, Fe2+, and Pb2+ from oily wastewater. Chitosan was characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Carbon (77.54%), hydrogen (10.30%), oxygen (8.89%), nitrogen (2.74%), and sulphur (0.53%) were found in the organic constitution of the oil utilized, according to elemental analysis. Despite the presence of other metal ions in the used oil and effluent, this study focused solely on Cu2+, Fe2+, and Pb2+. Studies on the removal of Cu2+, Fe2+, and Pb2+ from oily wastewater were conducted, and multiple effect factors such as temperature and pH, time and pH, solvent and pH, temperature and time, temperature and solvent, and time and solvent were evaluated. An adsorption study was performed to remove the heavy metals. The results revealed that the highest percentage removal of Cu2+ was 96.62 (pH = 7.52 and conductivity = −12 mV), of Fe2+ was 97.95 (pH = 6.30 and conductivity = +68 mV), and of Pb2+ was 98.86 (pH = 10.58 and conductivity = −170 mV). To analyze the impacts of experimental factors, experiments were developed using central composite design (CCD) based on response surface methodology (RSM).
Transfer learning and fine‐tuned transfer learning methods' effectiveness analyse in the CNN‐based deep learning models
Authors: Öztürk Celal , Taşyürek Murat , Türkdamar Mehmet Uğur
Published: November 2022

Object detection is a type of application that includes computer vision and image processing technologies, which deal with detecting, tracking, and classifying desired objects in images. Computer vision is a field of artificial intelligence that enables computers and systems to derive information from digital images and take action or suggestions based on that information. CNN is one of the current methods of object detection due to its ease of use and GPU‐supported parallel working features. Due to the aim of completing deep learning model training quickly or due to insufficient dataset, many studies using the transfer learning method are carried out in fields such as medicine, agriculture, and weapons. However, there are very few studies that use the fine‐tuning method and compare transfer learning in terms of effectiveness. By paying attention to the balanced distribution of the data, approximately 100 images of each chess piece type were included in the analysis and a dataset of at least 1000 images was created. The without transfer learning fine‐tune, fine‐tuned transfer learning, transfer learning, fully supervised learning (FSL) and weakly supervised learning (WSL) applied models performances compared. Experimental results show that the fine‐tuned transfer learning applied YOLO V4 model produces more accurate results than the other models in FSL and the transfer learning applied Faster R‐CNN model produces more accurate results than the other models in WSL.
Photoresponsive Carbon‐Azobenzene Hybrids: A Promising Material for Energy Devices
Authors: Baby Anjana , John Athira Maria , Balakrishnan Sreeja Puthenveetil
Published: November 2022

Advancements in renewable energy technology have been a hot topic in the field of photoresponsive materials for a sustainable community. Organic compounds that function as photoswitches is being researched and developed for use in a variety of energy storage systems. Azobenzene photoswitches can be used to store and release solar energy in solar thermal fuels. This review draws out the significance of azobenzene as photoswitches and its recent advances in solar thermal fuels. The recent developments of nano carbon templated azobenzene, their interactions and the effect of substituents are highlighted. The review also introduces their applications in solar thermal fuels and concludes with the challenges and future scope of the material. The advancements of solar thermal fuels with cost effective and desired optimal properties can be explored by scientists and engineers from different technological backgrounds.