bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Einleitung
Authors: Fischer-Kongtso Satu
Published: March 2023

Die vorliegende Untersuchung befasst sich mit der Frage, wie Deutsche Nation in der deutschen Gesellschaft definiert wird. Dabei verortet sie sich – als ethnologische Arbeit – im empirischen Feld der interdisziplinären Nationalismusforschung. Sie verortet sich des Weiteren – als ethnologische Arbeit – im theoretisch-methodischen Paradigma der interdisziplinären Diskursforschung. Ziel dieses ersten Kapitels ist es, jene doppelte theoretische Verortung zu erörtern. In diesem Sinne widmet sich Abschnitt 1.1 der Begründung des spezifischen Ansatzes der Arbeit und seiner Einbettung in den aktuellen ethnologischen sowie interdisziplinären Forschungsstand. Abschnitt 1.2 schließt daran mit einer inhaltlichen Einleitung in Thema und Fragestellung der Untersuchung an und gibt einen ersten Überblick über ihre zentralen Grundbegriffe sowie die sich daraus ergebende Struktur der Darstellung.
Scattering in black hole backgrounds and higher-spin amplitudes. Part I
Authors: Bautista Yilber Fabian , Guevara Alfredo , Kavanagh Chris , Vines Justin
Published: March 2023

Abstract

The scattering of massless waves of helicity $$ \mid h\mid =0,\frac{1}{2},1 $$
∣
h
∣
=
0
,

1
2

,
1
in Schwarzschild and Kerr backgrounds is revisited in the long-wavelength regime. Using a novel description of such backgrounds in terms of gravitating massive particles, we compute classical wave scattering in terms of 2 → 2 QFT amplitudes in flat space, to all orders in spin. The results are Newman-Penrose amplitudes which are in direct correspondence with solutions of the Regge-Wheeler/Teukolsky equation. By introducing a precise prescription for the point-particle limit, in Part I of this work we show how both agree for h = 0 at finite values of the scattering angle and arbitrary spin orientation.

Associated classical observables such as the scattering cross sections, wave polarizations and time delay are studied at all orders in spin. The effect of the spin of the black hole on the polarization and helicity of the waves is found in agreement with previous analysis at linear order in spin. In the particular limit of small scattering angle, we argue that wave scattering admits a universal, point-particle description determined by the eikonal approximation. We show how our results recover the scattering eikonal phase with spin up to second post-Minkowskian order, and match it to the effective action of null geodesics in a Kerr background. Using this correspondence we derive classical observables such as polar and equatorial scattering angles.

This study serves as a preceding analysis to Part II, where the Gravitational Wave (h = 2) case will be studied in detail.
Linearizing the BPS equations with vector and tensor multiplets
Authors: Čeplak Nejc , Hampton Shaun , Warner Nicholas P.
Published: March 2023

Abstract

We analyse the BPS equations of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (1, 0) supergravity theory in six dimensions coupled to a vector and tensor multiplet. We show how these BPS equations can be reduced to a set of linear differential equations. This system is triangular in that each layer of equations, while linear, is quadratically sourced by the solutions of the previous layers. We examine several explicit examples and discuss the construction of new families of microstate geometries. We expect that the result presented here will open up new branches of superstrata in which the momentum is encoded in a new class of charge carriers.
Large-Amplitude Steady Solitary Water Waves with Constant Vorticity
Authors: Haziot Susanna V. , Wheeler Miles H.
Published: March 2023

This paper considers two-dimensional steady solitary waves with constant vorticity propagating under the influence of gravity over an impermeable flat bed. Unlike in previous works on solitary waves, we allow for both internal stagnation points and overhanging wave profiles. Using analytic global bifurcation theory, we construct continuous curves of large-amplitude solutions. Along these curves, either the wave amplitude approaches the maximum possible value, the dimensionless wave speed becomes unbounded, or a singularity develops in a conformal map describing the fluid domain. This is stronger than what one would expect from a straightforward generalization of existing results for periodic waves. We also show that an arbitrary solitary wave of elevation with constant vorticity must be supercritical. The existence proof relies on a novel reformulation of the problem as an elliptic system for two scalar functions in a fixed domain, one describing the conformal map of the fluid region and the other the flow beneath the wave.
Glasner property for linear group actions and their products
Authors: Bulinski Kamil , Fish Alexander
Published: March 2023

A theorem of Glasner from 1979 shows that if $$Y \subset \mathbb {T}= \mathbb {R}/\mathbb {Z}$$

Y
⊂
T
=
R
/
Z

is infinite then for each $$\epsilon > 0$$

ϵ
>
0

there exists an integer n such that nY is $$\epsilon $$
ϵ
-dense. This has been extended in various works by showing that certain irreducible linear semigroup actions on $$\mathbb {T}^d$$

T

d

also satisfy such a Glasner property where each infinite set (in fact, sufficiently large finite set) will have an $$\epsilon $$
ϵ
-dense image under some element from the acting semigroup. We improve these works by proving a quantitative Glasner theorem for irreducible linear group actions with Zariski connected Zariski closure. This makes use of recent results on linear random walks on the torus. We also pose a natural question that asks whether the Cartesian product of two actions satisfying the Glasner property also satisfy a Glasner property for infinite subsets which contain no two points on a common vertical or horizontal line. We answer this question affirmatively for many such Glasner actions by providing a new Glasner-type theorem for linear actions that are not irreducible, as well as polynomial versions of such results.
Virtually Augmented Self-Hypnosis in Peripheral Vascular Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gullo Giuseppe , Rotzinger David Christian , Colin Anaïs , Frossard Pierre , Gudmundsson Louis , Jouannic Anne-Marie , Qanadli Salah Dine
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Hypnosis is useful for diminishing distress during medical procedures. This study investigated the efficacy of virtually augmented self-hypnosis as an adjunctive non-pharmacological method for procedural pain and anxiety relief during endovascular interventions (EVI).

Methods

We compared an immersive distraction experience (clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT04561596) featuring virtual reality (VR) using a head-mounted display versus treatment as usual (TAU). Patients followed the “Aqua” module (Oncomfort™) consisting of a scuba dive and breathing exercises. They experienced a self-induced dissociative state similar to clinical hypnosis without direct intervention of a professional. Enrollment followed a 1:1 randomized open study (VR or TAU). Patients’ feelings were evaluated just before and after the procedure, and 3 months following intervention. Anxiety was evaluated using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and pain (sensory, emotional, and memory) with a visual analogue scale (VAS).

Results

This study included 100 patients. Mean anxiety (pre-post) was significantly reduced within groups and between groups (difference of 4.2 points, p = 0.016). The percentage of responders to anxiety lowering were 76 and 46% for VR and TAU, respectively (p = 0.004). The two groups did not significantly differ in mean sensory-intensity and affective emotional pain (pre-post) using VAS, in negative memories concerning remembered pain at 3 months (difference > 1 from immediate post-procedural reported pain intensity), mean procedural time, or the need for analgesic or sedative drugs.

Conclusions

VR self-hypnosis has the potential to improve the management of patients’ distress during radiological procedures. It is safe and effective for reducing anxiety during EVI.
Treatment of hydroxyurea-resistant/intolerant polycythemia vera: a discussion of best practices
Authors: Kuykendall Andrew T.
Published: March 2023

Polycythemia vera (PV) is a burdensome, chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by activating mutations in Janus kinase 2, erythrocytosis, and bone marrow hypercellularity. The goals of treatment are to achieve hematocrit and blood count control to ultimately reduce the risk of thrombohemorrhagic events and improve PV-related symptoms. Treatment is risk-stratified and typically includes cytoreduction with hydroxyurea or interferon formulations in first line for high-risk disease. However, inadequate response, resistance, or intolerance to first-line cytoreductive therapies may warrant introduction of second-line treatments, such as ruxolitinib. In this review, I detail preferred treatment and patient management approaches following inadequate response to or intolerance of first-line treatment for PV.
Video-based learning of coping strategies for common errors improves laparoscopy training—a randomized study
Authors: Lang F. , Gerhäuser A. S. , Wild C. , Wennberg E. , Schmidt M. W. , Wagner M. , Müller-Stich B. P. , Nickel F.
Published: March 2023

Aims

The aim of this study was to investigate whether shifting the focus to solution orientation and developing coping strategies for common errors could increase the efficiency of laparoscopic training and influence learning motivation. The concept of coping has been particularly defined by the psychologist Richard Lazarus [Lazarus and Folkman in Stress, appraisal, and coping, Springer publishing company, New York, 1984]. Based on this model, we examined the use of observational learning with a coping model for its effectiveness as a basic teaching model in laparoscopic training.

Methods

55 laparoscopically naive medical students learned a standardized laparoscopic knot tying technique with video-based instructions. The control group was only offered a mastery video that showed the ideal technique and was free from mistakes. The intervention group was instructed on active error analysis and watched freely selectable videos of common errors including solution strategies (coping model) in addition to the mastery videos.

Results

There was no statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups for number of knot tying attempts until proficiency was reached (18.8 ± 5.5 vs. 21.3 ± 6.5, p = 0.142). However, there was a significantly higher fraction of knots achieving technical proficiency in the intervention group after first use of the coping model (0.7 ± 0.1 vs. 0.6 ± 0.2, p = 0.026). Additionally, the proportion of blinded attempts that met the criteria for technical proficiency was significantly higher for the intervention group at 60.9% vs. 38.0% in control group (p = 0.021). The motivational subscore “interest” of the validated score on current motivation (QCM) was significantly higher for the intervention group (p = 0.032), as well as subjective learning benefit (p = 0.002) and error awareness (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Using video-based learning of coping strategies for common errors improves learning motivation and understanding of the technique with a significant difference in its qualitative implementation in laparoscopy training. The ability to think in a solution-oriented, independent way is necessary in surgery in order to recognize and adequately deal with technical difficulties and complications.
A continuous convolutional trainable filter for modelling unstructured data
Authors: Coscia Dario , Meneghetti Laura , Demo Nicola , Stabile Giovanni , Rozza Gianluigi
Published: March 2023

Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is one of the most important architectures in deep learning. The fundamental building block of a CNN is a trainable filter, represented as a discrete grid, used to perform convolution on discrete input data. In this work, we propose a continuous version of a trainable convolutional filter able to work also with unstructured data. This new framework allows exploring CNNs beyond discrete domains, enlarging the usage of this important learning technique for many more complex problems. Our experiments show that the continuous filter can achieve a level of accuracy comparable to the state-of-the-art discrete filter, and that it can be used in current deep learning architectures as a building block to solve problems with unstructured domains as well.
Daily serum phosphate increase as early and reliable indicator of kidney injury in children with leukemia and lymphoma developing tumor lysis syndrome
Authors: Biró Erika , Erdélyi Dániel , Varga Petra , Sinkó Mária , Bartyik Katalin , Kovács Gábor , Ottóffy Gábor , Vincze Ferenc , Szegedi István , Kiss Csongor , Szabó Tamás
Published: March 2023

Background

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) and its most serious complication, acute kidney injury (AKI) are one of the emergency conditions in onco-hematology. It is difficult to predict the degree of kidney involvement. Therefore, we studied children with leukemia and lymphoma treated in four Hungarian tertiary centers (inpatient university clinics) retrospectively (2006–2016) from a nephrological aspect.

Method

Data of 31 pediatric patients were obtained from electronic- and paper-based medical records. Physical status, laboratory test results, treatments, and outcomes were assessed. Patients were analyzed according to both “traditional” TLS groupings, as laboratory TLS or clinical TLS, and nephrological aspect based on pRIFLE classification, as mild or severe AKI.

Results

Significant differences were found between the changes in parameters of phosphate homeostasis and urea levels in both classifications. Compared to age-specific normal phosphate ranges, before the development of TLS, hypophosphatemia was common (19/31 cases), while in the post-TLS period, hyperphosphatemia was observed (26/31 cases) most frequently. The rate of daily change in serum phosphate level was significant in the nephrological subgroups, but peaks of serum phosphate level show only a moderate increase. The calculated cut-off value of daily serum phosphate level increased before AKI was 0.32 mmol/L per ROC analysis for severe TLS–AKI. The 24-h urinalysis data of eight patients revealed transiently increased phosphate excretion only in those patients with TLS in whom serum phosphate was elevated in parallel.

Conclusion

Daily serum phosphate level increase can serve as a prognostic factor for the severity of pediatric TLS, as well as predict the severity of kidney involvement.

Graphical abstract
Erythrocyte miRNA-92a-3p interactions with PfEMP1 as determinants of clinical malaria
Authors: Prabhu Sowmya R. , Ware Akshay Pramod , Umakanth Shashikiran , Hande Manjunath , Mahabala Chakrapani , Saadi Abdul Vahab , Satyamoorthy Kapaettu
Published: March 2023

Based on the recently added high throughput analysis data on small noncoding RNAs in modulating disease pathophysiology of malaria, we performed an integrative computational analysis for exploring the role of human-host erythrocytic microRNAs (miRNAs) and their influence on parasite survival and host homeostasis. An in silico analysis was performed on transcriptomic datasets accessed from PlasmoDB and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repositories analyzed using miRanda, miRTarBase, mirDIP, and miRDB to identify the candidate miRNAs that were further subjected to network analysis using MCODE and DAVID. This was followed by immune infiltration analysis and screening for RNA degradation mechanisms. Seven erythrocytic miRNAs, miR-451a, miR-92a-3p, miR-16-5p, miR-142-3p, miR-15b-5p, miR-19b-3p, and miR-223-3p showed favourable interactions with parasite genes expressed during blood stage infection. The miR-92a-3p that targeted the virulence gene PfEMP1 showed drastic reduction during infection. Performing pathway analysis for the human-host gene targets for the miRNA identified TOB1, TOB2, CNOT4, and XRN1 genes that are associated to RNA degradation processes, with the exoribonuclease XRN1, highly enriched in the malarial samples. On evaluating the role of exoribonucleases in miRNA degradation further, the pattern of Plasmodium falciparum_XRN1 showed increased levels during infection thus suggesting a defensive role for parasite survival. This study identifies miR-92a-3p, a member of C13orf25/ miR-17-92 cluster, as a novel miRNA inhibitor of the crucial parasite genes responsible for symptomatic malaria. Evidence for a plausible link to chromosome 13q31.3 loci controlling the epigenetic disease regulation is also suggested.
A multimethod synthesis of Covid-19 education research: the tightrope between covidization and meaningfulness
Authors: Saqr Mohammed , Raspopovic Milic Miroslava , Pancheva Katina , Jovic Jovana , Peltekova Elitsa V. , Conde Miguel Á.
Published: March 2023

This study offers a comprehensive analysis of COVID-19 research in education. A multi-methods approach was used to capture the full breadth of educational research. As such, a bibliometric analysis, structural topic modeling, and qualitative synthesis of top papers were combined. A total of 4,201 articles were retrieved from Scopus, mostly published from 2019 to 2021. In this work special attention is paid to analyzing and synthesizing findings about: (i) status of research about COVID-19 regarding frequencies, venues, publishing countries, (ii) identification of main topics in the COVID-19 research, and (iii) identification of the major themes in most cited articles and their impact on the educational community. Structural topic modeling identified three main groups of topics that related to education in general, moving to online education, or diverse topics (e.g., perceptions, inclusion, medical education, engagement and motivation, well-being, and equality). A deeper analysis of the papers that received most attention revealed that problem understanding was the dominating theme of papers, followed by challenges, impact, guidance, online migration, and tools and resources. A vast number of papers were produced. However, thoughtful, well-planned, and meaningful research was hard to conceptualize or implement, and a sense of urgency led to a deluge of research with thin contributions in a time of dire need to genuine insights.
Analysis and design of sub-6 beam steerable antenna array using meta-material loaded vivaldi elements
Authors: khairy A. , Elboushi A. , Shaalan A. A. , Ahmed M. F.
Published: March 2023

In this paper, a sub-6 beam-steerable antenna array system is introduced. The main radiating element in the proposed array is a gain-enhanced Vivaldi antenna, whose overall realized gain is improved by introducing near-zero-index metamaterial (NZIM) with broadband characteristics at 3.6 GHz. The proposed system is intended to be integrated with fifth-generation automotive applications. The 4 × 4 butler matrix is resonating at 3.6 GHz to feed the designed antenna array elements and steer the radiating beam. When altering the phase of the input signal, the primary beam direction is steered at an angle from 45° to 135°. So, by choosing the butler matrix input port, the phase of each radiating element is changed, which leads to precise beam direction control. All the system components, including antenna elements and the [4 × 4] butler matrix, are designed, simulated, and optimized. In order to verify the proposed design, the system is fabricated using the photolithographic technique. The experimental results show very good agreement with the simulated ones. The NZIM-loaded antenna element achieves a − 10 dB bandwidth of 2.9 GHz, while the overall array system achieves a 600 MHz bandwidth. The steered beam of the proposed system has an overall realized gain of 11.2 dB.
Exploring misclassifications of robust neural networks to enhance adversarial attacks
Authors: Schwinn Leo , Raab René , Nguyen An , Zanca Dario , Eskofier Bjoern
Published: March 2023

Progress in making neural networks more robust against adversarial attacks is mostly marginal, despite the great efforts of the research community. Moreover, the robustness evaluation is often imprecise, making it challenging to identify promising approaches. We do an observational study on the classification decisions of 19 different state-of-the-art neural networks trained to be robust against adversarial attacks. This analysis gives a new indication of the limits of the robustness of current models on a common benchmark. In addition, our findings suggest that current untargeted adversarial attacks induce misclassification toward only a limited amount of different classes. Similarly, we find that previous attacks under-explore the perturbation space during optimization. This leads to unsuccessful attacks for samples where the initial gradient direction is not a good approximation of the final adversarial perturbation direction. Additionally, we observe that both over- and under-confidence in model predictions result in an inaccurate assessment of model robustness. Based on these observations, we propose a novel loss function for adversarial attacks that consistently improves their efficiency and success rate compared to prior attacks for all 30 analyzed models.
Optimisation and Analysis of Streamwise-Varying Wall-Normal Blowing in a Turbulent Boundary Layer
Authors: O’Connor Joseph , Diessner Mike , Wilson Kevin , Whalley Richard D. , Wynn Andrew , Laizet Sylvain
Published: March 2023

Skin-friction drag is a major engineering concern, with wide-ranging consequences across many industries. Active flow-control techniques targeted at minimising skin friction have the potential to significantly enhance aerodynamic efficiency, reduce operating costs, and assist in meeting emission targets. However, they are difficult to design and optimise. Furthermore, any performance benefits must be balanced against the input power required to drive the control. Bayesian optimisation is a technique that is ideally suited to problems with a moderate number of input dimensions and where the objective function is expensive to evaluate, such as with high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics simulations. In light of this, this work investigates the potential of low-intensity wall-normal blowing as a skin-friction drag reduction strategy for turbulent boundary layers by combining a high-order flow solver () with a Bayesian optimisation framework. The optimisation campaign focuses on streamwise-varying wall-normal blowing, parameterised by a cubic spline. The inputs to be optimised are the amplitudes of the spline control points, whereas the objective function is the net-energy saving (NES), which accounts for both the skin-friction drag reduction and the input power required to drive the control (with the input power estimated from real-world data). The results of the optimisation campaign are mixed, with significant drag reduction reported but no improvement over the canonical case in terms of NES. Selected cases are chosen for further analysis and the drag reduction mechanisms and flow physics are highlighted. The results demonstrate that low-intensity wall-normal blowing is an effective strategy for skin-friction drag reduction and that Bayesian optimisation is an effective tool for optimising such strategies. Furthermore, the results show that even a minor improvement in the blowing efficiency of the device used in the present work will lead to meaningful NES.
Radio and mid-infrared properties of the blazar J1419–0838
Authors: Perger Krisztina , Frey Sándor , Gabányi Krisztina Éva
Published: March 2023

The radio quasar NVSS J141922−083830 (J1419−0838) was initially classified as an uncategorised blazar-type object, following its detection in the $\gamma $
γ
-ray band with the Fermi space telescope. Later, using multi-waveband observations and modeling, its was found to be a flat-spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ). However, its radio emission has never been discussed in depth in the literature. Here we present a detailed analysis on the radio properties of J1419−0838 using archival interferometric imaging data at pc and kpc scales. We conclude that the flux density variations, the flat radio spectrum, the compact nature of the quasar structure at all scales, and the relativistic Doppler enhancement of the radio emission all support the previous classification as an FSRQ. We also investigated the short- and long-term mid-infrared (MIR) light curve of the quasar based on observations by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer satellite, and found that there is significant variability on time-scales of days as well as years. Comparison of the MIR light curve to the times of previously reported $\gamma $
γ
-ray and optical flares shows no clear correlation between the events at different wavebands.
Acceleration-sensitive ancillary elements in industrial facilities: alternative seismic design approaches in the new Eurocode
Authors: Kazantzi A. K. , Karaferis N. D. , Melissianos V. E. , Vamvatsikos D.
Published: March 2023

The Eurocode 8—Part 4 approaches, per their December 2022 update, are presented for the design of acceleration-sensitive industrial ancillary components. The seismic performance of such nested and/or supported ancillary elements, namely mechanical and electrical equipment, machinery, vessels, etc. is critical for the safety and operability of an industrial facility in the aftermath of an earthquake. Of primary importance are the structural characteristics of the supporting structure and the supported component, pertaining to resonance, strength, and ductility, and whether these are known (and to what degree) during initial design and/or subsequent modifications and upgrades. Depending on the availability and reliability of information on the overall system, the Eurocode methods comprise (a) a detailed component/structure-specific design accounting for all pertinent component and building characteristics, equivalent to typical building design per Eurocode 8—Part 1–2, (b) a conservative approach where a blanket safety factor is applied when little or no such data is available, and (c) a ductile design founded on the novel concept of inserting a fuse of verified ductility and strength in the load path between the supporting structure and the ancillary element. All three methods are evaluated and compared on the basis of a case-study industrial structure, showing how an engineer can achieve economy without compromising safety under different levels of uncertainty.
Spatial Trade-Offs in National Land-Based Wind Power Production in Times of Biodiversity and Climate Crises
Authors: Grimsrud Kristine , Hagem Cathrine , Haaskjold Kristina , Lindhjem Henrik , Nowell Megan
Published: March 2023

Energy generated by land-based wind power is expected to play a crucial role in the decarbonisation of the economy. However, with the looming biodiversity and nature crises, spatial allocation of wind power can no longer be considered solely a trade-off against local disamenity costs. Emphasis should also be put on wider environmental impacts, especially if these challenge the sustainability of the renewable energy transition. We suggest a modelling system for selecting among a pool of potential wind power plants (WPPs) by combining an energy system model with a GIS analysis of WPP sites and surrounding viewscapes. The modelling approach integrates monetised local disamenity and carbon sequestration costs and places constraints on areas of importance for wilderness and biodiversity (W&B). Simulating scenarios for the Norwegian energy system towards 2050, we find that the southern part of Norway is the most favourable region for wind power siting when only the energy system surplus is considered. However, when local disamenity costs (and to a lesser extent carbon costs) and W&B constraints are added successively to the scenarios, it becomes increasingly beneficial to site WPPs in the northern part of Norway. We find that the W&B constraints have the largest impact on the spatial distribution of WPPs, while the monetised costs of satisfying these constraints are relatively small. Overall, our results show that there is a trade-off between local disamenities and loss of W&B. Siting wind power plants outside the visual proximity of households has a negative impact on W&B.
A Toolkit for Monitoring Immunoglobulin G Levels from Dried Blood Spots of Patients with Primary Immunodeficiencies
Authors: Haberstroh Hanna , Hirsch Aleksandra , Goldacker Sigune , Zessack Norbert , Warnatz Klaus , Grimbacher Bodo , Salzer Ulrich
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This study assessed whether measuring immunoglobulin G (IgG) from dried blood spots (DBSs) using nephelometry is a suitable remote monitoring method for patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PID).

Methods

Patients receiving immunoglobulin replacement therapy for PID were included in this non-interventional single-arm study (DRKS-ID: DRKS00020522) conducted in Germany from December 4, 2019, to December 22, 2020. Three blood samples, two capillary DBSs (one mail-transferred and the other direct-transferred to the laboratory), and one intravenous were collected from each patient. IgG levels were determined using nephelometry. IgG levels were summarized descriptively, and significant differences were assessed using Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank tests. Correlation and agreement between IgG levels were assessed using Spearman correlation and Bland–Altman analyses, respectively.

Results

Among 135 included patients, IgG levels measured from DBS samples were lower than those measured in serum (p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference between IgG levels in direct- and mail-transferred DBS samples. There was a high degree of correlation between IgG levels in serum samples and DBS samples (r = 0.94–0.95). Although there was a bias for higher levels of IgG in serum than in DBS samples, most samples were within the 95% interval of agreement. There was a high degree of correlation between IgG levels measured in direct- and mail-transferred DBS samples (r = 0.96) with no bias based on the shipment process and most samples within the 95% interval of agreement.

Conclusion

Monitoring IgG levels from DBS samples is a suitable alternative to the standard method, and results are not substantially affected by mailing DBS cards.
A Systematic Literature Review of the Use of Computational Text Analysis Methods in Intimate Partner Violence Research
Authors: Neubauer Lilly , Straw Isabel , Mariconti Enrico , Tanczer Leonie Maria
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Computational text mining methods are proposed as a useful methodological innovation in Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) research. Text mining can offer researchers access to existing or new datasets, sourced from social media or from IPV-related organisations, that would be too large to analyse manually. This article aims to give an overview of current work applying text mining methodologies in the study of IPV, as a starting point for researchers wanting to use such methods in their own work.

Methods

This article reports the results of a systematic review of academic research using computational text mining to research IPV. A review protocol was developed according to PRISMA guidelines, and a literature search of 8 databases was conducted, identifying 22 unique studies that were included in the review.

Results

The included studies cover a wide range of methodologies and outcomes. Supervised and unsupervised approaches are represented, including rule-based classification (n = 3), traditional Machine Learning (n = 8), Deep Learning (n = 6) and topic modelling (n = 4) methods. Datasets are mostly sourced from social media (n = 15), with other data being sourced from police forces (n = 3), health or social care providers (n = 3), or litigation texts (n = 1). Evaluation methods mostly used a held-out, labelled test set, or k-fold Cross Validation, with Accuracy and F1 metrics reported. Only a few studies commented on the ethics of computational IPV research.

Conclusions

Text mining methodologies offer promising data collection and analysis techniques for IPV research. Future work in this space must consider ethical implications of computational approaches.
Strong motion estimation in Costa Rica at non-record sites using spectral inversion method
Authors: Chavarría Nathalie , Yokoi Toshiaki , Hayashida Takumi
Published: March 2023

We performed the spectral inversion to separate the source, path, and site effects using strong ground motion records from essential facilities such as powerhouses and hydroelectric dams, distributed all over Costa Rica. The spectral inversion technique was adapted to a sparsely observed strong motion data set. We used the results to estimate strong ground motions at sites where there were no observation records in and around the intensity anomaly that appeared during the 2012 Sámara earthquake of Mw 7.6. To ensure the quality, we incorporated a broadband station to estimate levels of acceleration source spectra for six events 5.3 ≤ Mw ≤ 6.5, using them as the reference events for the spectral inversion. In this paper, we introduced two consistency checks: confirmation of the correctness of the input data, and verification of the output using synthetic spectra. We used them as an iterative implementation of sequences of elimination of suspicious data and inversions. We regulated the source spectra of the reference events for the final inversion, considering the estimate of site effect for one-dimensional SH wave propagation at the site of the lowest site amplification. We obtained the frequency-dependent quality factor Q = 179f0.5598 for the northern and central parts of Costa Rica. From the output of the spectral inversion, we reproduced the acceleration spectra of earthquakes in the sites where the event was not recorded. We applied this formulation using the earthquake mentioned above. The resulting synthetic spectra are consistent with the anomalous intensity distribution reported at that time.
Schanuel type conjectures and disjointness
Authors: Broudy Isaac A. , Eterović Sebastian
Published: March 2023

Given a subfield F of $${\mathbb {C}}$$
C
, we study the linear disjointess of the field E generated by iterated exponentials of elements of $${\overline{F}}$$

F
¯

, and the field L generated by iterated logarithms, in the presence of Schanuel’s conjecture. We also obtain similar results replacing $$\exp $$
exp
by the modular j-function, under an appropriate version of Schanuel’s conjecture, where linear disjointness is replaced by a notion coming from the action of $$\textrm{GL}_2$$

GL
2

on $${\mathbb {C}}$$
C
. We also show that for certain choices of F we obtain unconditional versions of these statements.
An approach to assess data-less small-scale fisheries: examples from Congo rivers
Authors: Castello Leandro , Carvalho Felipe , Ateba Nelly Ornelle Onana , Busanga Alidor Kankonda , Ickowitz Amy , Frimpong Emmanuel
Published: March 2023

Small-scale fisheries (SSF) account for much of the global fish catch, but data to assess them often do not exist, impeding assessments of their historical dynamics and status. Here, we propose an approach to assess 'data-less' SSF using local knowledge to produce data, life history theory to describe their historical multispecies dynamics, and length-based reference points to evaluate stock status. We demonstrate use of this approach in three data-less SSFs of the Congo Basin. Fishers' recalls of past fishing events indicated fish catch declined by 65–80% over the last half-century. Declines in and depletion of many historically important species reduced the diversity of exploited species, making the species composition of the catch more homogenous in recent years. Length-at-catch of 11 of the 12 most important species were below their respective lengths-at-maturity and optimal lengths (obtained from Fishbase) in recent years, indicating overfishing. The most overfished species were large-bodied and found in the Congo mainstem. These results show the approach can suitably assess data-less SSF. Fishers' knowledge produced data at a fraction of the cost and effort of collecting fisheries landings data. Historical and current data on fish catch, length-at-catch, and species diversity can inform management and restoration efforts to curb shifting baselines of these fisheries. Classification of stock status allows prioritizing management efforts. The approach is easy to apply and generates intuitive results, having potential to complement the toolkits of researchers and managers working in SSF and engage stakeholders in decision-making processes.
Biases in scholarly recommender systems: impact, prevalence, and mitigation
Authors: Färber Michael , Coutinho Melissa , Yuan Shuzhou
Published: March 2023

With the remarkable increase in the number of scientific entities such as publications, researchers, and scientific topics, and the associated information overload in science, academic recommender systems have become increasingly important for millions of researchers and science enthusiasts. However, it is often overlooked that these systems are subject to various biases. In this article, we first break down the biases of academic recommender systems and characterize them according to their impact and prevalence. In doing so, we distinguish between biases originally caused by humans and biases induced by the recommender system. Second, we provide an overview of methods that have been used to mitigate these biases in the scholarly domain. Based on this, third, we present a framework that can be used by researchers and developers to mitigate biases in scholarly recommender systems and to evaluate recommender systems fairly. Finally, we discuss open challenges and possible research directions related to scholarly biases.
Academic information retrieval using citation clusters: in-depth evaluation based on systematic reviews
Authors: Bascur Juan Pablo , Verberne Suzan , van Eck Nees Jan , Waltman Ludo
Published: March 2023

The field of science mapping has shown the power of citation-based clusters for literature analysis, yet this technique has barely been used for information retrieval tasks. This work evaluates the performance of citation-based clusters for information retrieval tasks. We simulated a search process with a tree hierarchy of clusters and a cluster selection algorithm. We evaluated the task of finding the relevant documents for 25 systematic reviews. Our evaluation considered several trade-offs between recall and precision for the cluster selection. We also replicated the Boolean queries self-reported by the systematic reviews to serve as a reference. We found that citation-based clusters’ search performance is highly variable and unpredictable, that the clusters work best for users that prefer recall over precision at a ratio between 2 and 8, and that the clusters are able to complement query-based search by finding additional relevant documents.
Pharmacological Characterization of [18F]-FNM and Evaluation of NMDA Receptors Activation in a Rat Brain Injury Model
Authors: Beaurain Marie , Talmont Franck , Pierre Damien , Péran Patrice , Boucher Samuel , Hitzel Anne , Rols Marie-Pierre , Cuvillier Olivier , Payoux Pierre , Salabert Anne-Sophie
Published: March 2023

Purpose

NMDA receptors (NMDARs) dysfunction plays a central role in the physiopathology of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders whose mechanisms are still poorly understood. The development of a PET (positron emission tomography) tracer able to selectively bind to the NMDARs intra-channel PCP site may make it possible to visualize NMDARs in an open and active state. We describe thein vitropharmacological characterization of [18F]-fluoroethylnormemantine ([18F]-FNM) and evaluate its ability to localize activated NMDA receptors in a rat preclinical model of excitotoxicity.

Procedures

The affinity of the non-radioactive analog for the intra-channel PCP site was determined in a radioligand competition assay using [3H]TCP ([3H]N-(1-[thienyl]cyclohexyl)piperidine) on rat brain homogenates. Selectivity was also investigated by the displacement of specific radioligands targeting various cerebral receptors.In vivobrain lesions were performed using stereotaxic quinolinic acid (QA) injections in the left motor area (M1) of seven Sprague Dawley rats. Each rat was imaged with a microPET/CT camera, 40 min after receiving a dose of 30 MBq + / − 20 of [18F]-FNM, 24 and 72 h after injury. Nine non-injured rats were also imaged using the same protocol.

Results

FNM displayed IC50value of 13.0 ± 8.9 µM in rat forebrain homogenates but also showed significant bindings on opioid receptors. In the frontal and left somatosensory areas, [18F]FNM PET detected a mean of 37% and 41% increase in [18F]FNM uptake (p < 0,0001) 24 and 72 h after QA stereotaxic injection, respectively, compared to the control group.

Conclusions

In spite of FNM’s poor affinity for NMDAR PCP site, this study supports the ability of this tracer to track massive activation of NMDARs in neurological diseases.
Digital innovation in entrepreneurial firms: a systematic literature review
Authors: Felicetti Alberto Michele , Corvello Vincenzo , Ammirato Salvatore
Published: March 2023

Entrepreneurial firms are central actors in the process of the generation and diffusion of digital innovation which, on the other hand, provides a wide range of opportunities for entrepreneurs. Although existing research has produced several contributions on both topics, the knowledge generated in the field appears fragmented and the findings are sometimes ambiguous. The reason for this fragmentation can be traced back to the lack of reference frameworks that clarify the most used concepts, thus providing a shared language. This study aims to consolidate the state-of-art of scholarly research published over the past 20 years at the intersection of the innovation and entrepreneurship fields of study. To this aim, we carried out a systematic literature review by analyzing a set of 185 papers in order to find what are the relevant topics in the investigated research domain. This activity was performed using MySLR software. Besides a descriptive picture of the scientific activity, a map of the literature published to date that simultaneously addresses the two themes, is provided. In particular, we characterized the six relevant topics in the investigated research domain: start-ups’ collaboration networks, business-model innovation, digital platforms, digital ventures, the digital entrepreneur’s profile, and digital-innovation ecosystems. Based on these results the article proposes three main research directions for future research: multi-level analysis of Digital Innovation in Entrepreneurial Ventures; interdisciplinary approaches; development of specific theories for igital Innovation. Overall, the value of research is to provide a framework for analyzing the phenomenon of innovation in and with entrepreneurial firms that can be used as a reference model for both entrepreneurship and innovation management researchers.
(Hu)man-Like Robots: The Impact of Anthropomorphism and Language on Perceived Robot Gender
Authors: Roesler Eileen , Heuring Maris , Onnasch Linda
Published: March 2023

Implementing anthropomorphic features to robots is a frequently used approach to create positive perceptions in human–robot interaction. However, anthropomorphism does not always lead to positive consequences and might trigger a more gendered perception of robots. More precisely, anthropomorphic features of robots seem to evoke a male-robot bias. Yet, it is unclear if this bias is induced via a male appearance of higher anthropomorphic robots, a general male-technology bias, or even due to language aspects. As the word robot is differently grammatically gendered in different languages, this might be associated with the representation of robot gender. To target these open questions, we investigated how the degree of anthropomorphism and the way the word robot is gendered in different languages, as well as within one language influence the perceived gender of the robot. We therefore conducted two online-studies in which participants were presented with pictures of differently anthropomorphic robots. The first study investigated two different samples from which one was conducted in German, as grammatically-gendered language, and one in English as natural gender language. We did not find significant differences between both languages. Robots with a higher degree of anthropomorphism were perceived as significantly more male than neutral or female. The second study investigated the effect of grammatically-gendered descriptions (feminine, masculine, neuter) on the perception of robots. This study revealed that masculine grammatical gender tends to reinforce a male ascription of gender-neutral robots. The results suggest that the male-robot bias found in previous studies seems to be associated with appearance of most anthropomorphic robots, and the grammatical gender the robot is referenced by.
Social Support as Technostress Inhibitor
Authors: Lanzl Julia
Published: March 2023

Due to ongoing digitalization and the social distancing measures that came along with the COVID-19 pandemic, the working conditions and environments have changed for many individuals. Because of increased telework, the use of digital technologies for communicating and collaborating at work has been intensified, which can cause technostress. With longitudinal data from two surveys – one before and one during the COVID-19 pandemic – the paper analyzes the relationship between four social support dimensions (supervisor support, co-worker support, sense of community at work, and family support) and technostress creators. The study shows that social support can be an effective inhibitor of technostress creators. However, social support dimensions have to be differentiated in that regard. Further, the results show that the inhibiting effect of family support has become even more important during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results contribute to technostress research and research with regard to the new normal of working after the pandemic.
Agro-industrial-based wastes as supplementary cementitious or alkali-activated binder material: a comprehensive review
Authors: Blesson S. , Rao A. U.
Published: March 2023

An attempt to shed light on the use of agro-industrial-based wastes as supplementary cementitious material (SCM) or as alkali-activated binder (AAB) material is mainly focused in this review paper. The SCM or AAB acts as a suitable replacement for cement, as the cement manufacturing tends to contribute to 8–10% of global CO2 emissions. To gain acceptability in the construction industry, diverse agro-industrial-based wastes must demonstrate their potential as precursors in AAB or as SCM. The binder materials discussed among the agricultural wastes are rice husk ash, olive waste ash, and coconut-based waste ash, and the industrial wastes are ground granulated blast furnace slag, fly ash, and ultra-fine steel slag. The paper also analyses the effects of calcined and uncalcined agro-industrial-based wastes on pozzolanic properties of binder system. It is clear from the studies that the calcined wastes tend to provide greater reactivity compared to the uncalcined wastes, that helps in early strength development in the binder system. The review findings indicate that the agro-industrial-based wastes provide pozzolanic and hydraulic properties, thereby making them suitable as an AAB or as a SCM.