bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hand Grip and Pinch Strength in a Healthy Children Norms for 6 to 18 Years in Al-Kharj City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Qaisi Fahd
Published: April 2024

Background: Measuring and comparing grip and pinch strengths with their normative data is a valid method to detect intensity of the numerous damages of hand. The aim of the study was to establish the normative data of grip strength and three types of pinch strengths (Key, Tip and Palmar) in healthy Saudi’s children. Method: In this cross-sectional study, of grip strength and three types of pinch strengths (Tip, Key and Palmar) were recorded for 82 healthy children (41 boys and 41 girls) heathy children aged 7-18 years. The Camry Electronic Hand Dynamometer and Hydraulic Pinch Gauge were used to measure grip strength and pinch strength, respectively. Result: Normative data of grip and pinch strengths were provided. Grip and pinch strengths of both genders were close to each other’s and increasing consistently with increasing age. The maximum grip strength and pinch strength was obtained in the group of 14-18 years among both genders. In addition: Study results showed that there was a significant association between weight and all the hand grip strength and pinch strength (p < 0.05) in boys whereas BMI considered as an effective parameter on grip strength and tip pinch strength in girls. Conclusions: Findings from the present study provide reference values for hand grip strength and pinch strength for healthy children from 6- which will be useful to guide rehabilitation outcomes in routine clinical practice.18 years of age which will be useful to guide rehabilitation outcomes in routine clinical practice.
دعوى النسخ في آيات قيام الليلة (دراسة تطبيقية)
Authors: المواضية حنين خلف
Published: April 2024

يشتمل هذا البحث على مقدمة، وتمهيد ومطلب واحد وخاتمة وفهارس. المقدمة فتشتمل على :أهمية البحث، وأهداف البحث، مشكلة البحث، الدراسات السابقة، منهجية البحث، مبررات اختيار الموضوع، وخطة البحث. أما المطلب الاول: فهو أيضا دراسة تحليلية تطبيقية  لدعوى النسخ في آيات قيام الليل – سورة المزمل، وتناولت فيه؛ الآية الناسخة، آراء القائلين بالنسخ، و آراء القائلين بعدمه مع البيان والتوضيح للمنهج السليم في فهم هذه الدعوى الغير صالحه و كلام رب العزة. أما الخاتمة ففيها أهم النتائج التوصيات التي توصلت إليها من خلال كتابتي هذا البحث. أما الفهارس، فتضمنت الآيات والمصادر والموضوعات. وآخر دعوانا أن الحمد لله رب العالمين
Effect of diet and dietary habits on Jaws of ancient and modern Population in Sudan
Authors: Siddiq Razaz Muhammad , Qaribullah Abbas
Published: April 2024

Background: The masticatory units are highly affected by diet and dietary habits which are reflected on the jaw size and occlusion. There are morphological differences between the modern population and ancient, like jaws of modern population are smaller, .and project less than those of equivalent sized ancient. Aim: To determine the effect of diet and dietary habits on jaws size (width and length) in both modern and ancient. Method: Across sectional study was done in Khartoum state, comparing ancient from Marawi (albejrawya) and modern population in Khartoum state. 44 samples, 22 jaws of ancient and 22 modern populations participate. The 22 ancient remains were examined and measured directly, while the 22 modern participants filled the diet and dietary questioner then examined orally and the findings recorded on the examination sheet. The jaws measurements for living were done on radiological (OPG&CBCT). Statistical analyses of the data set included univariate analysis to show the relative frequency distribution of each variable on the dental examination sheet. Results: According to the result of overall the median of ancient jaw size maxilla vertical length was 2cm and modern population was1.4cm. The median length of mandible in ancient was 14.1cm and modern population was 13.2cm. The width was 5.2cm in ancient mandible and 4.5cm in modern population mandible. The median width of maxilla ancient was 5.6cm and modern population was 5.3cm.
Analysis of physical fitness in students: a comparative study based on social status
Authors: Athaya Haura , Dewantara Julian , Husein Muhamad , Taiar Redha , Shukla Manish , Malek Nor Fazila Abd
Published: April 2024

Background and Study Aim. Physical fitness serves as a significant indicator of an individual's health and overall well-being. This research aims to analyze students' physical fitness by conducting a comparative study based on social status. Physical fitness was measured as an indicator of students' health and well-being.Material and Methods. Quantitative descriptive research using survey method. This study involved low-grade students from two elementary schools, namely Mujahidin Elementary School and State Elementary School 16 Rasau Jaya, which have different social status. The sampling method used purposive sampling technique, with a total sample of 40 students from each school. Physical fitness data collection was conducted using the Indonesian Physical Fitness Test. Analysis was assisted using the SPSS 26 application.Results. The results showed a significance value of 0.538 > 0.05 that there was no significant difference in physical fitness between students from both schools based on social status. Although there were variations in the mean physical fitness scores, the differences did not reach the level of statistical significance.Conclusions. This study contributes to the understanding of physical fitness differences based on social status among low-grade students. The implications of the results of this study can be used for the development of more focused intervention programs to improve physical fitness, especially among students with economic and educational challenges.
Properties of Accretion Discs Around Black Holes Through Modelling
Authors: Tarnopolska Wiktoria
Published: April 2024

We examine accretion discs within the context of Einstein's general relativity. We use the metrics corresponding to the four black hole solutions proposed by Einstein, with the Shakura-Sunyaev model of the disc. Starting from the definition of the "no-hair theorem" that a black hole only stores information about three main parameters — mass, angular momentum and charge — we tested the impact of varying these parameters, emphasising the relations between them. Moreover, the research we present here captures and illustrates two pivotal aspects predicted by general relativity: the circular photon ring and the frame-dragging effects of the ergosphere. Our research delves into emissivity profiles, exploring both the well-established lamp post model and the beamed point source model. We reproduced the results from the literature and noted the inconsistencies between the works and our results while also providing an alternative source supporting our results. Altogether, this work presents a comprehensive exploration of accretion disc dynamics around central compact objects within the framework of Einstein's general relativity, shedding light on intricate phenomena that continue to captivate the scientific community.
Cinnamomum cassia and Origanum compactum Essential Oils as Antifungal Candidates for the Treatment of Aspergillosis
Authors: Leclercq Manon , Commenge Isciane , Bouriot Marylou , Crusset Floricia , Gonzalez Patrick , Grimaud Julien , Yates Frank , Sarfati-Bert Jacqueline , Saint-Pol Agnès
Published: April 2024

Aspergillosis is a disease that usually affects the respiratory system. While most patients develop mild symptoms, aspergillosis can become a serious health threat in immunocompromised populations and patients with pre-existing respiratory conditions. Aspergillosis is caused by fungi of the Aspergillus genus. Existing treatments include drugs such as azoles, ergosterol interfering agents (Amphotericin B), and echinocandins (Caspofungin), which usually come with various drawbacks. Numerous studies have shown the antifungal properties of certain essential oils (EOs), which represent potential alternative treatments against fungal infections. Here, we screened the antifungal properties of five EOs against Aspergillus oryzae: Melaleuca alternifolia, Mentha x piperita, Thymus zygis, Origanum compactum, and Cinnamomum cassia. Of the five EOs, two demonstrated antifungal activity: Origanum compactum acted as a fungistatic, while Cinnamomum cassia showed both fungistatic and fungicidal effects against A. oryzae. Therefore, both EOs represent potential alternative treatments against Aspergillosis.
Water type differences analysis in ovitrap to the number of Aedes mosquito eggs in the pagesangan baru, Mataram City
Authors: Putri Aninda Rosanti , Tresnani Galuh , Suryadi Bambang Fajar , Suana I Wayan , Zamroni Yuliadi
Published: April 2024

This study aim was determine the water type difference of ovitrap to the attractiveness of Aedes mosquitoes to lay eggs. The data collection technique used in this research purposive sampling with several criteria that include exclusion and inclusion criteria. The ovitrap is installed both indoors and outdoors, each with 3 ovitrap, consisting of rainwater, river water, and tap water. The results showed that the number of Aedes eggs in rainwater was 1.455, river water was 660, and tap water was 107. The One Way Anova test obtained a p-value = 0.000 (p<0.05), which means that there are a significant differences to the attractiveness of Aedes mosquitoes to lay eggs. Ovitrap with rainwater has the highest umber of eggs, compared to the river water and the tap water.
Determination of trouble status in Banyuajuh flows reviewed by klorofil-a using the TSI approach
Authors: Rahmawati Devi , Chandra AB
Published: April 2024

Trophic status is an important indicator for a water body. Indicators that can be used include chlorophyll-a as a determinant of whether or not many biota can survive in a body of water. The trophic status of waters can be indicated as water fertility which is closely related to chlorophyll content in phytoplankton. This study aims to determine the trophic status of Banyuajuh waters through the TSI method. This research was conducted from October to November 2022. Water and plankton sampling was carried out using purposive sampling method, with 3 stations and morning and evening time exploration in each week. Water quality parameters include temperature, brightness, pH, DO, light intensity, nitrate and phosphate. Plankton data were identified to determine the species at each station. The results of trophic status research in Banyuajuh waters using the TSI method at station 1 is classified as moderate to severe eutrophic, station 2 is classified as mesotrophic and oligotrophic and at station 3 is classified as moderate eutrophication. Based on the pedeketan used, it indicates that Banyuajuh waters are classified as Oligtrophic to Severe Eutrophication.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPERM DNA FRAGMENTATION AND EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT IN IVF PATIENTS
Authors: Selvia Selvi -
Published: April 2024

Infertility is a condition in married couples who have regular and adequate sexual intercourse for more than one year without using contraception, but have not had a pregnancy or offspring. Factors that cause infertility can be caused by men, women, or even both. Approximately 10% - 15% of couples of reproductive age experience infertility, with the contribution of the male factor, which is equal to 40% -50%. The analysis of embryo development and spermatozoa DNA fragmentation aims to analyze the function of spermatozoa in infertile men and to determine the relationship between sperm DNA fragmentation and embryo development in IVF patients. This study was an experimental study with a total of 30 samples of husband's patients who carried out the IVF program who met the researcher's inclusion criteria. The statistical test results obtained showed that there was a significant relationship between the DNA fragmentation index (DFI)  (P<0.05), therefore it can be concluded that further research is needed so that many more things can be explored. of other causes of infertility.
Analysis of student learning styles at SMA Negeri 1 Kalasan, Sleman Regency
Authors: Dewi Cintya , Wulandari Febrina Ayu , Ma'rifah Destri Ratna
Published: April 2024

Learning style is one of the mandatory factors that must be considered since prospective students enter the education unit. Learning styles should be considered for the achievement of educational goals. The purpose of this study was to determine the learning style of students in class XII MIPA at SMA N 1 Kalasan which can be used as a reference for teachers in applying suitable learning media and models. The research method used is descriptive, the research population includes all students at SMA N 1 Kalasan with a sample of XII MIPA class at SMA N 1 Kalasan which is determined by random sampling. Data analysis was done quantitatively by presenting the results of a closed questionnaire. The results obtained in this study are in class XII MIPA 1, XII MIPA 2, and class XII MIPA 4 the average student has a learning style with a visual type. In class XII MIPA 3 has an auditorial learning style. Therefore, teachers must adjust the learning media and learning models used.
Implementation of adiwiyata program at SMA N 1 Godean
Authors: Zainina Kalika Azra , Sula Sula , Salsabila Farah , Widyaningrum Trianik
Published: April 2024

The research conducted aims to describe the implementation of the Adiwiyata program at SMA N 1 Godean. This research is included in qualitative research with a descriptive approach. The data collection techniques are through interviews, observation, and documentation. The results obtained are that SMA Negeri 1 Godean has implemented the Adiwiyata program as well as possible. This can be seen from the condition of the school field which is spacious and lush, the green house and fish pond are in a well-maintained condition, the prayer room, restroom, and canteen are in a very decent condition. In addition, this high school has also minimized the use of plastic, sorted waste, recycled organic waste into compost, and managed water to be suitable for use. This achievement cannot be separated from the role of all school members. In the current Adiwiyata program, SMA N 1 Godean has entered the Provincial level and is preparing for the National level in 2023.
Bird Diversity in Ake Jawi Village, Aketajawe Lolobata National Park, Halmahera, North Maluku
Authors: Ramadani Annisa , Assalam Muhammad Hudan , Satrio Muhammad Bagus , Nurhasanah Annisa Haryanti , Setia Tatang Mitra
Published: April 2024

Aketajawe Lolobata National Park is located in the Wallacea area with 167,319.32 hectares. The park is home to 108 buffer villages, one of which is a bird-friendly village in Ake Jawi Village. This study aims to determine the types of birds, analyze diversity, dominance, and feeding habits. For data collection the visual encounter survey (VES) method was applied for bird sightings along available paths. The study identified 31 bird species grouped into 23 families and 31genus, 15 of them are Indonesian endemics, and 12 species are endemics to North Maluku. Based on the ShannonWiener diversity index, Ake Jawi Village belongs to the medium category, with an index value of 2.889, and a low dominance category with 0.098. The percentage of encounters with insect-eating birds (insectivore) such as the Glossy Swiftlet, Cotton-halmahera, and Goliath Lathe reached 39%, followed by frugivores such as the Papuan Hornbill, White Cockatoo, and Gray-headed Walik by 36%.
Community structure and abundance of coral fish in the Pulau Panggang Ward Area, Seribu Islands Marine National Park, DKI Jakarta
Authors: Ainisyifa Ulfa , Wisnubudi Gautama
Published: April 2024

Reef fish community is a biotic component of the coral reef ecosystem that can be utilized as a marine biological resource. Coral fish make the coral reef ecosystem their habitat in shelter, feeding ground and nursery ground. The existence and diversity of reef fish is determined by the condition of the coral reefs. The research in Panggang Island Village, Seribu Islands Marine National Park, DKI Jakarta at a depth of 7 meters. The purpose of this study was to determine the community structure and abundance of reef fish in Panggang Island Village. The method used in this research is a belt transect . The results of field observations showed that the water quality in Panggang Island Village including Panggang Island, Pramuka Island, Semak Daun Island, Kotok Besar Island, Air Island and Gosong Karang Lebar was still within normal limits for the growth and development of reef fish. The composition of reef fish in Panggang Island Village consists of 21 families, 60 genera and 108 species. The highest abundance was found on Air Island while the lowest was found on Bushleaf Island. The most dominant tribe is the Pomacentridae tribe. The reef fish that have the highest abundance are Pomacentrus lepydogenys and Cirrhilabrus cyanopleura.
Identification of microplastics in water in the Sukolilo Coastal Area, Bangkalan Regency, East Java
Authors: Ramadhani Ridho , Abida Indah Wahyuni
Published: April 2024

Plastic pollution in coastal and marine areas will continue to increase as human activity increases to dispose of plastics directly into the aquatic environment. Microplastics are plastics that have long been polluted in waters that have been degraded by nature into small particles <5mm. Microplastics are widespread and can be found in water, biota and aquatic sediments. This study aims to determine the abundance of microplastics in water in the coastal waters of Sukolilo village, Bangkalan Regency. This research method uses purposive sampling method, at 3 collection stations, each water sampling is filtered as much as 50 liters. Microplastic identification was carried out with H2SO4 and H2O2 solutions with a concentration of 30% after which visual analysis was carried out using a microscope which was used to determine the color and type of microplastics found. The results of observations found three forms of microplastics, namely fiber, fragments, film. In water samples, the highest pollution was found with an average of 4.32 particles / L at station 14.32 particles / L, station 2 as many as 3.36 particles / L and station 3 as many as 3.28 particles / L. The percentage of microplastic forms in the highest water is fiber with a percentage value of 91%.
Study of Communication Skills Analysis of SMK Students in Science Subjects with the Application of Problem-Based Learning Models
Authors: Lorenza Melti , Setyawan Dias , Perdani Ulfia
Published: April 2024

Communication is a skill needed by students to prepare for social life. This study aims to analyze the communication skills of Vocational High School students by implementing the Problem Based Learning model. This type of research is a classroom action research (CAR) consisting of two cycles. The research was conducted at one of the vocational schools in the Cerenti District, Kuantan Singingi Regency. The subjects of this study were 24 students, consisting of 20 female and 4 male students. Data collection technique using observation assisted by two observers. The results showed that there was an overall improvement in aspects of communication skills from cycle one to cycle two. Based on these results, applying the Problem Based Learning model can improve the communication skills of Vocational High School students.
Identification of Plants That Compile The Vegetation Structure of The Critical Land Ecotourism Area of Ngargoretno Village, Magelang, Central Java
Authors: Agil Muhamad , Hidayah Maulida Ulfa
Published: April 2024

Each region has a different ecosystem. Land is an environmental condition that greatly influences the biodiversity of plants that live in an area. The critical land contained in the Ngargoretno Ecotourism Area, Magelang, Central Java, has various types of plants that have never been identified. The condition of the soil, which is prone to landslides, makes the presence of vegetation in the area important as a landslide barrier. This makes plant conservation efforts important and necessary. One of the conservation efforts that can be made is by identifying plants. This research was conducted to identify various types of plants found in the ecotourism area of Ngargoretno, Magelang, and Central Java. Data collection is carried out by means of exploration throughout the region. The results of the study revealed 70 types of plants, consisting of 37 types of families. The most commonly found plant species belong to the families Asteraceae (7 types), Fabaceae (7 types), and Euphorbiaceae (7 types).
Students' learning motivation response to the animal tissue e-module class XI SMA
Authors: Amimah Siti Nurul , Lestari Diah Ayu , Saifuddin Much. Fuad
Published: April 2024

Animal tissue is material studied in class XI with coverage of epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue and nerve tissue. Animal tissue material has characteristics that focus on visualizing animal tissue because tissue is an abstract material and to make it more real, it requires media in the form of emodules to visualize animal tissue material clearly. The purpose of this study was to determine the motivational response of students to the use of animal tissue e-modules. This type of research is descriptive research with a quantitative approach. The instrument used is a questionnaire with aspects assessed, namely the feasibility of content, language, benefits and graphics. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the response of students' learning motivation to the e-module was very good, namely with an average score of 77.14%, which means that students' learning motivation increased after using the animal tissue e-module.
Analysis of student interest in biology subjects after the covid-19 pandemic at MAN 2 Bantul
Authors: Lestari Tri Tunggal Juni , Karisna Vebi Via , Arum Sekar Ganda Ning Tyas
Published: April 2024

Interest means an attitude of liking an activity and usually paying more attention. The purpose of this study was to determine students' interest in learning Biology subjects after the co-19 pandemic. This research is a quantitative research with quantitative descriptive method. The object of research is science students at MAN 2 Bantul totaling 192 with a sample of 56 respondents. Research data were obtained using a closed questionnaire that had been validated by experts. Aspects observed in learning interest such as student interest, curiosity, student acceptance of tasks, awareness of learning at home, activeness, and the learning process. The results showed that student interest was categorized as good, curiosity was categorized as good, student acceptance when given assignments was categorized as very poor, awareness of learning at home was categorized as very poor, student activeness was categorized as very good, and the learning process was categorized as very good. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that student interest in learning after the co-19 pandemic can be said to be good even though it has various factors inhibiting interest in learning.
Teachers' perceptions of implementing and making learning tools in the independent curriculum at SMA Negeri 1 Pleret
Authors: Wulandari Shely Dwi , Irawati Yoan Dea , Aprilia Nani
Published: April 2024

This study aims to describe teachers' perceptions of the implementation and making of learning tools in the independent curriculum at SMA Negeri 1 Pleret. The method used is descriptive method. The population in this study amounted to 34 teachers who taught at SMA Negeri 1 Pleret while the sample amounted to 22 teachers who implemented an independent learning curriculum determined by the Purposive Sampling method. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The data analysis technique used is descriptive qualitative and quantitative. The results showed that teachers who implement learning with the independent learning curriculum at SMA Negeri 1 Pleret agreed to the implementation of the independent curriculum, but all teachers need time to adjust learning to the implementation of the curriculum so that it can be carried out properly in accordance with the concept of the independent curriculum. This is because teachers experience obstacles in various aspects, such as making learning tools that are in accordance with the independent curriculum, implementing learning tools and students' ability to follow the learning tools applied in the independent curriculum
The Effect of Exploring the Natural Surroundings Approach on Students Cognitive Learning Outcomes in the Material of Biodiversity Class X at MAN 3 Bantul
Authors: Pratiwi Silfi , Kartiko Asri , Purbosari Purwanti Pratiwi
Published: April 2024

The surrounding natural environment is an alternative learning resource that can be utilized in the biology learning process. To measure the success of the learning process, it is necessary to do an assessment. One aspect of the assessment is the cognitive aspect. This study aims to determine the effect of the Exploration of the Surrounding Nature approach to student learning outcomes in the subject of biodiversity. The population in this study were students of class X MAN 3 Bantul with the research sample being class X B and class X C with a total of 32 students in each class. This research is a quasi-experimental research. The research instrument used was a post-test sheet. The research instrument has been validated by experts, namely supervisors who are then used for data collection. Data analysis techniques used the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, Levene's homogeneity test, and hypothesis testing used the Mann-Whitney U Test. Based on the research results obtained a significance value of 0.000 <0.005 with a significance level (𝛼) of 5% which indicates the influence of the Natural Exploration Surrounding learning approach on cognitive learning outcomes of class X MAN 3 Bantul in the sub-material biodiversity at the gene, species and ecosystem level.
The ability and potential of Echinodorus palaefolius, Pontederia lanceolata, and Zantedeschia aethiopica as a Phosphate and Nitrogen phytoremediator
Authors: Surakusumah Wahyu
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the study was to identify the potential and effectiveness of Zantedeschia aethiopica, Pontederia lanceolata, and Echinodorus palaefolius plants as nitrogen and phosphate phytoremediators in domestic wastewater. The study was conducted using a randomized complete design with 3 treatments and 9 repetitions. Plants are planted using wetland construction. The parameters measured were total nitrogen content, total phosphate content, pH, biomass,  tolerance index, bioconcentration factors and phytoremediation effectiveness. Measurement of total nitrogen and total phosphate using analytical methods using a 10S uv-vis genesis spectrophotometer. The results showed that the three plants have the potential as a phytoremediator of nitrogen and phosphate in domestic wastewater and can increase pH and reduce E. coli populations.
Online citizen science to develop local species identification skills and biodiversity awareness of prospective biology teacher students
Authors: Aripin Ipin
Published: April 2024

Citizen Science (CS) currently involves massive public participation. CS activities have been transformed in various forms, one of which is through Online Citizen Science (OCS). This study aims to identify the outcomes of the OCS program on species identification skills (IS) and biodiversity awareness (KB) in prospective biology teacher students. This study used a survey method involving 30 research participants from two campuses in Majalengka and Cirebon. The research data were collected using non-test techniques in the form of analyzing the results of species identification and biodiversity awareness questionnaire. Data were analyzed qualitatively and described according to the findings. The results showed that OCS participants could identify species with an average level of accuracy in the good category. The level of biodiversity awareness in participants after participating in the OCS program was classified as very high. The OCS program can be an alternative in learning taxonomy that can increase awareness of biodiversity.
Antioxidant activity of Butterfly Pea Flower Kombucha (Clitoria ternatea)
Authors: Aji Oktira Roka , Rizqi Shafira Aulia , Putri Diah Asta
Published: April 2024

Kombucha is a traditional fermented beverage from sugar and tea by SCOBY, a kombucha starter culture. Kombucha can be derived from various substrates such as black tea, green tea, oolong tea, and herbal tea. The butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea) is a popular herbal tea ingredient known for its vibrant blue color and potential health benefits. In this study, butterfly pea flowers were utilized as the substrate for brewing kombucha. This study aims to determine butterfly pea flower kombucha's antioxidant activity and vitamin C content. IC50 antioxidant activity of infusion butterfly pea flower was 195,4 ppm. After 12 days of fermentation, the IC50 antioxidant activity of butterfly pea kombucha was 233,3 ppm. Throughout the fermentation process, there was a continuous decline in vitamin C levels, starting at an initial concentration of 191,6 ppm and reaching 74,0 ppm at the end. During kombucha fermentation, antioxidant activity increases while vitamin C levels decrease.
Evaluating the phylogenetic relationship of a dwarf honey bee through cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COX1) gene sequence databases
Authors: Shullia Nurul Insani
Published: April 2024

Dwarf honey bees, Apis florea, and Apis andreniformis are known as the potential wild pollinator in Asia. Apis florea was introduced to Indonesia, West Asia, and Africa. Based on the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COX1) gene, introduced A. florea in Iran is suggested to come from India. Although the databases of the dwarf honey bee COX1 gene are available in GenBank, however, the phylogeny analysis was focused on the restricted area. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the phylogenetic relationship and genetic diversity of dwarf honey bees based on the COX1 gene sequence from GenBank databases. The COX1 gene sequence databases are collected from NCBI. The genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship are analyzed using MEGAX. Alignment of 530 bp COX1 gene of dwarf honey bee showed that there are 60 nucleotide variations between A. florea and A. andreniformis. Our analysis indicated that the genetic diversity between A. andreniformis is low (0-0.19%). On the other hand, there are 28 nucleotide variations between A. florea and eight nucleotide sites that are suggested as a marker to differentiate A. florea1 India+Egypt+Iran and A. florea2 Thailand+China  with 1.7-3.4% genetic distance. The high genetic distance of A. florea is supported by the separation sub-clade of A. florea1 and A. florea2 in the phylogenetic tree.
The correlation between self-regulated learning and student learning outcomes in the ecosystem sub-concept
Authors: Meylani Vita , Ningrum Hanis Rachna , Suharsono Suharsono , Mutiara Frista
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between self-regulated learning and student learning outcomes in the ecosystem sub-concept in class XI MIPA in the 2020/2021 school year. This research was conducted from August 2020 to September 2020 at one of the SMAN in Tasikmalaya City. The research method used is correlational with a population of all students in class XI MIPA with a total of 261 people. samples taken using simple random sampling technique, so this study took a sample of 7 people from each XI MIPA class with a total of 8 classes. The instruments used in this study consisted of 2 instruments, namely the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) questionnaire instrument in the self-regulated learning section adopted from previous research and test instruments in the form of multiple choice questions on ecosystem sub-concept material totaling 36 items. The data analysis technique used is bivariate person correlation test with significance level (ɑ) = 5%. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between self-regulated learning and student learning outcomes on ecosystem sub-concept material (R = 0.502). The contribution of self-regulated learning to learning outcomes is 25.2%.
The relationship between question grid and quality of multiple choice questions in high school biology made by prospective teacher students
Authors: Pantiwati Yuni , Fauzi Ahmad , Nurrohman Endrik , Indah Sari Tasya Novian
Published: April 2024

The problem grid is an important part of the problem formulation rules which serves to maintain quality so that the measurement function can be carried out properly. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the multiple-choice question grid and the quality of Biology questions. The approach used in this research is descriptive quantitative. The research was conducted at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang. The research sample is Biology Education students in 2020/2021 who are taking the learning evaluation course using a purposive sampling technique. The research instrument used was the form of a questionnaire containing the assessment of the item grid. Path analysis is used in data processing with the help of SmartPLS software. The results showed that there was a positive relationship between the grid of multiple choice questions on biology material and the quality of the questions which consisted of the accuracy of the material, the accuracy of the indicators, the accuracy of the item indicators, operational verbs, cognitive processes, answer choices, statement suitability, and language suitability. In addition, prospective educators must have the ability to compose a question grid following the components and quality of the grid so that they can compile quality instruments so that they can measure what should be measured.
Indigenous Culture: What can we learn (and teach)?
Authors: Silva Heslley Machado
Published: April 2024

Valuing the culture of the native people of a country is always relevant, and science and biology classes can become an interesting space for this appreciation. It is suggested that cultural, behavioral, and social aspects inherited from the indigenous people in Brazil be used as didactic learning tools. It is demonstrated that knowledge related to the preservation of the Amazon Rainforest, hygiene, food, and medications, already present in different scales in Brazilian daily life, has its origin in knowledge from the native peoples of Brazil, although this origin is little known and publicized. It is noteworthy that these topics can be used in a multidisciplinary way so that students can perceive the acquisition in a broader way and interrelated to their daily lives. It is important not to miss any opportunity to increase scientific literacy in the classroom and the knowledge bequeathed by the Indians has potential for this learning. Finally, it is suggested to use the lessons to alert and confront the issue of scientific fake news through the internet and social media.
The Role of X-ray Images for Early Detection of Covid-19 using Machine Learning
Authors:   Student, Department of CSE, JIMS Engineering Management Technical Campus Greater Noida, India, Shrivastav Pratham , Singh Aditya ,   Student, Department of CSE JIMS Engineering Management Technical Campus Greater Noida, India, Sharma Ayush ,   Student, Department of CSE JIMS Engineering Management Technical Campus Greater Noida, India, Deva Rahul ,   Assistant Professor, Department of CSE JIMS Engineering Management Technical Campus Greater Noida, India
Published: April 2024

The principal aim of the Covid Detection Using X-ray project is to develop a robust platform for accurate and efficient detection of COVID-19 through the analysis of X-ray scans. The proposed system aims to enhance the diagnostic process by leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to identify specific patterns associated with COVID-19 in X-ray images. The platform will facilitate timely and precise diagnosis, enabling healthcare professionals to make informed decisions and optimize patient care. This project integrates advanced image processing techniques and machine learning algorithms to discern subtle patterns indicative of COVID-19 in X-ray scans. The system will provide a user-friendly interface for healthcare professionals, allowing seamless uploading and analysis of X-ray images. Additionally, the platform incorporates a comprehensive database of COVID-19-related patterns for accurate comparison and classification. The primary objective of the project is to contribute to the ongoing efforts in combating the COVID-19 pandemic by providing a reliable and efficient tool for early detection. The utilization of cutting-edge technologies, including deep learning and image analysis, ensures a high level of accuracy in identifying potential cases. The project aims to be a valuable resource for healthcare practitioners, aiding in the prompt and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 through the analysis of X-ray imagery.
Tight Lower Bound on Differential Entropy for Mixed Gaussian Distributions
Authors: Marconi Abdelrahman , Elghandour Ahmed H. , Elbayoumy Ashraf D. , Abdelaziz Amr
Published: April 2024

In this paper, a tight lower bound for the differential entropy of the Gaussian mixture model is presented. First, the probability model of mixed Gaussian distribution that is created by mixing both discrete and continuous random variables is investigated in order to represent symmetric bimodal Gaussian distribution using the hyperbolic cosine function, on which a tighter upper bound is set. Then, this tight upper bound is used to derive a tight lower bound for the differential entropy of the Gaussian mixture model introduced. The proposed lower bound allows to maintain its tightness over the entire range of the model's parameters and shows more tightness when compared with other bounds that lose their tightness over certain parameter ranges. The presented results are then extended to introduce a more general tight lower bound for asymmetric bimodal Gaussian distribution, in which the two modes have a symmetric mean but differ in terms of their weights.
Recent advances for postharvest protection and preservation of mango fruit: a
review
Authors: Moreno-Hernandez C.L. , Zambrano-Zaragoza M.L. , Gonzalez-Estrada R.R. , Velazquez-Estrada R.M. , Sanchez-Burgos J.A. , Gutierrez-Martinez P.
Published: April 2024

Mango fruit is one of the most important cultivars in the world. In postharvest handling,
mango fruit can be affected by pathogens. Some of the phytopathogens that severely
attack mango fruit are the fungal Colletotrichum, Aspergillus, Alternaria and Botrytis. The
presence of these pathogens can generate postharvest losses between 5-30% of mango
production. Fungicides are used to control these microorganisms. To reduce and eradicate
its use in post-harvest, methods that are not harmful to the consumer have been developed
and are classified into chemical, physical and biological methods. The selection of a
postharvest method depends on its ability to adapt to an established process and its ability
to extend its shelf life. Different post-harvest methods have been applied to mango fruit,
including cold storage, hydrothermal treatment, UV, edible coatings and 1-MCP. The
result with the application of these methods has been efficient but increases with the
application of synergies between different postharvest methods. This review presents a
compilation and recent advances of the different postharvest control methods that have
been applied individually or in synergy in mango fruits to control and/or prevent the attack
of pathogens and preserve the quality parameters to extend the shelf life of the fruit.
Sources, persistence, and current inactivation methods of foodborne pathogens
in legumes
Authors: Seritharan Y. , Villegas B.M. , Ahmad N.H.
Published: April 2024

Legumes and legume-derived products are consumed in large quantities for their
nutritional value as well as for their taste. Their sustainability and affordability are
commendable, and legumes are a low-glycemic-index food that is high in protein and fibre
while still being satiating. Legumes are commonly consumed as choice meals, particularly
by vegetarians and vegans as a meat substitute, and they account for a significant portion
of the dietary intake in many countries. The huge trend of vegan diets has prompted the
industrial growth of legumes and pulses. The increased production within the shortest
period to fulfil the expanding demand has put them at a higher risk of contamination with
pathogenic microbes, rendering consumer safety uncertain. The objective of this review
was to draw attention to the sources of microbiological contamination in legumes, the
persistence of foodborne pathogens in legumes, and the existing techniques of foodborne
pathogen inactivation. Water, surfaces, and human contact are all factors to consider, as is
the risk linked with inadequate sanitation, poor equipment design, and improper handling.
The foodborne pathogen, though seemingly unavoidable, can be minimized or inactivated
using a variety of thermal and nonthermal procedures used prior to and after harvesting of
legumes, as well as throughout the manufacturing and processing process.
Quality of edible bird’s nest treated by keratinolytic enzymes-based cleaning
solution
Authors: Rahayu S. , Suryapratama W. , Suhartati F.M. , Bata M. , Rimbawanto E.A. , Hartoyo B.
Published: April 2024

Edible bird's nest (EBN) is one of the luxury foods that is widely used as a healthy food
due to its nutritional value and therapeutic benefits. The traditional EBN washing process
causes a reduction in weight and nutrient content and an increase in pollutants due to the
use of hydrogen peroxide. An exploratory observation method was used to examine the
quality of EBN from Collocalia fuciphaga before and after washing using a washing
solution based on keratinolytic enzymes. There are four stages of EBN cleaning i.e.
cleaning by tap water, ethanol solution, enzyme solution at room temperature and 50oC
and drying at 40oC for 42 hrs. A total of 60 EBN (unclean, n = 30) and clean, n = 30) were
analyzed using the AOAC method. The mineral content of Ca, Fe, K and Mg using atomic
absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) except that P was measured by spectrophotometer.
A carbohydrate estimation kit was used to measure glycoprotein content and the amino
acid content was determined using the HPLC method. Evaluation of the cleanliness was
carried out using a scoring system by semi-trained panelists. The results obtained showed
that the clean EBNs were slightly yellowish-white in color, and the cleanliness of EBN
before and after cleaning increased from 2.35 to 3.84. Clean EBN protein content
decreased by 7.2% while total amino acids decreased from 38.51% to 32.71%. Clean EBN
contains eight essential amino acids of 17.93% with high levels of leucine, valine,
arginine, and threonine (2.42-2.96%). EBN's clean ash content increased from 3.7% to
7.8%. Carbohydrate content and iron in clean EBN were 39.19±0.76% and 14.35 mg/100
g dry matter, respectively. The high levels of carbohydrates and iron appear to be good
sources of glycoprotein to support health and have the potential as an alternative source of
iron for people with anemia. The stepwise EBN washing method using tapwater, ethanol
and a washing solution based on keratinolytic enzymes can be applied to reduce weight
loss and improve the quality of EBN.
Occurrence and level of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella in sushi at
retails in Greater Jakarta area, Indonesia
Authors: Yennie Y. , Dewanti-Hariyadi R. , Kusumaningrum H.D. , Poernomo A.
Published: April 2024

Sushi is ready-to-eat food consisting of cooked vinegared rice and raw fish. Since sushi
does not undergo heat treatment, inadequate control in the production may lead to
microbial contamination. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and level of
Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella contamination in sushi sold in Greater Jakarta
(Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi) area, Indonesia using the MPN-PCR
method. Samples of sushi (n = 120), consisting of nigiri (rice with raw fish on top) (n =
57) and maki (rice with raw fish inside) (n = 63), were obtained from retail outlets in
Jabodetabek. The results showed that both sushi products were more frequently
contaminated with L. monocytogenes (14.2%) than Salmonella (2.5%). The contamination
levels for L. monocytogenes and Salmonella were 3-1100 and 3.6-11 MPN/g, respectively.
The highest prevalence of L. monocytogenes was found in maki sold in supermarkets
(66.7%) and nigiri in kiosks (22.2%). In addition, maki and nigiri from restaurants have
the highest prevalence of Salmonella at 2.2 and 3.8%, respectively. These findings
indicate that contamination of L. monocytogenes and Salmonella in sushi sold at retail in
Jabodetabek may pose a health risk to consumers and more study is needed to determine
the source of contamination along the processing of sushi.
Significant potential of tape yeast and plant leaves as a cover for fermented
cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) beans to generate qualities of dry cocoa beans
Authors: Hamawi M. , Rohimin I. , Isnatin U.
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the response to the addition of tape yeast and
various cover leaves in the fermentation process of quality cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao
L.) according to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). This research was conducted at
PT Perkebunan Nusantara (PTPN) XII, Ngrangkah Pawon plantation, Kediri Regency and
Laboratory of Agrotechnology, Universitas Darussalam Gontor in April-August 2020. The
research design used a factorial completely randomized design (CRD). The first factor
was the addition of tape yeast (R) which consisted of 5 levels, namely: no yeast (R0), the
addition of 0.5% tape yeast (R1), 1.0% (R2), 1.5% (R3), and 2.0% (R4). The second
factor was plant leaves (D) which consisted of 5 levels, namely: D1 (banana leaves), D2
(teak leaves), D3 (taro leaves), D4 (papaya leaves) and D5 (bamboo leaves). Observation
parameters included fermentation temperature of cocoa beans, pulp acidity (pH) of cocoa
beans, the account of cocoa beans per 100 g, moisture content, sugar content, cut test and,
phytochemical qualitative test. Observation data were analyzed by using analysis of
variance (ANOVA) and further tested with LSD 5%. The addition of tape yeast and plant
leaves as a cover for fermented cocoa beans improved the quality of the dry cocoa beans.
There was no interaction between the addition of tape yeast and plant leaves as a cover for
fermented cocoa beans in all observations of the quality of dry cocoa beans. The addition
of 1% tape yeast improved the quality of fermented cocoa beans on the parameters of
fermentation temperature on day 2 (43.2℃), the account of cocoa beans per 100 g (93.8
cocoa beans), sugar content (2.8°Bx) and brown seed color (99.2%). Teak leaves, taro
leaves, papaya leaves and bamboo leaves can be used as a cover for fermenting cocoa
beans such as banana leaves which are commonly used by farmers.