bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relation between Gender, Reasons to Participate in STEM-Related Subjects, Programs and The University Supports On First-Year University Student’s Satisfaction: A Structural Equation Model
Authors: Nugraha Ikmanda , Suratno Tatang , Kadarohman Asep , Widodo Ari , Darmawan I Gusti
Published: April 2020

First-year student's satisfaction has considered an important factor in the quality education offered by the university program. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship among gender, a reason to participate in STEM-related subjects, program, and the university support on first-year student's satisfaction of STEM learning. The methods used in this study surveyed student's satisfaction using adapted interest and recruitment in the science questionnaire (IRIS Q) instrument. The questionnaire comprised question items covering school science experiences, sources of inspiration for the choice of education, expectations for future job, first-year experiences as a STEM student, and attitudes to gender equity in STEM. A total of 448 students, first-year students from STEM-related programs, have participated voluntarily in this study. The structural equating model assisted by computer program IBM SPSS Amos 20 was employed to analyze the hypothesized model. The results from the model showed that reason and university support have a positive direct effect on first-year students' satisfaction with STEM learning. From this study, it is suggested for the university to improve first-year student's satisfaction by helping STEM students to develop appropriate expectations of the program, facilitating teaching quality to meet STEM students' learning, and assisting students in developing positive attitudes toward their future carriers.
El marco jurídico del enfoque diferencial en políticas públicas para mujeres indígenas en Colombia
Authors: Figueroa Isabela , Franco Novoa Noriana Marcela
Published: April 2020

Ese artículo revisa algunas de las múltiples violencias sufridas por las mujeres indígenas víctimas del conflicto armado en Colombia, así como algunas de las políticas públicas del Estado orientadas a disminuir su situación de vulnerabilidad. Una de las herramientas de políticas públicas para la atención a grupos minoritarios es el llamado «enfoque diferencial». Ese artículo busca identificar el uso que distintos organismos del Estado han hecho de ese término —como la Corte Constitucional lo viene comprendiendo— y la relación de su aplicación con la participación de las mujeres indígenas en el diseño e implementación de políticas públicas. A partir de una revisión documental de doctrina, leyes y revisión jurisprudencial de casos nacionales e internacionales se espera contribuir a la discusión, creación y ejecución de medidas especiales que garanticen el pleno ejercicio de los derechos de los pueblos indígenas. Se concluye que el Estado colombiano no ha incluido a las mujeres indígenas en su planificación, vigilancia e implementación de las políticas públicas con perspectivas étnicas y de género.
¿De qué hablamos cuando nos referimos a las movilidades forzadas? Una reflexión desde la realidad latinoamericana
Authors: Coraza de los Santos Enrique
Published: April 2020

Las movilidades forzadas revisten múltiples causalidades asociadas a las amenazas, tanto de origen humano como no humano, que sufren las personas sobre su integridad física, emocional y material, y se desarrollan en relación directa con el territorio. Su correspondencia con aspectos que tienen que ver con los grados de voluntariedad y las circunstancias vividas, así como con el movimiento como estrategia de sobrevivencia, las convierte en un tema de suma relevancia como parte del presente, al mismo tiempo que de la historia pasada y reciente de América Latina. El texto aquí presentado es una reflexión sobre cuál es el sentido que tiene el concepto de movilidades forzadas, a la vez que sobre dónde radican las diferencias entre las distintas modalidades que la integran: migración forzada, desplazamiento forzado interno y exilio. La propuesta, se basa en la preocupación sobre la poca claridad conceptual que existe sobre estos términos y realidades y está sustentada en la experiencia de investigación empírica en tres espacios de vida y trabajo: el Cono Sur de América Latina, la Península Ibérica y la región transfronteriza México-Guatemala.
GEOLOGICAL/GEOTOURIST OBJECTS OF THE TRANSCARPATHIAN REGION AS A REFLECTION OF THE GEOLOGICAL HISTORY OF THE CARPATHIANS
Authors: Hnylko O. , Shevchuk V. , Bozhuk T. , Bogdanova M. , Hnylko S.
Published: April 2020

Consideration is given to description of important geological objects (observation points) of the southern slope of the Carpathians as reflections of sedimentary, paleogeographic and paleogeodynamic history of the Carpathians formation. Method. Standard method of geological description of outcrops, elements of sedimentological analysis of structural and textural features of rocks, and micropaleontological method are used. Results. A number of key geological objects that reflect the important stages of the geological evolution of the Carpathians in the Transcarpathian region near highways is described. These objects (the observation points in the article) can be represented as geotourist ones. In the first location which is in Yablunytsa Pass, an outcrop of Oligocene "striped" Holovets Limestone; further, along the Trostyanets Stream – Jurrassic pillow-lavas in the front of the Burkut Nappe; along the Kamyanyi Potik Stream – Jurassic- Early Cretaceous volcanogenic-sedimentary succession of the Kamyanyi Potik Nappe; along the Kosivka River – Eocene marls of the Marmarosh Massif sedimentary cover and the Inner Carpathian flysch of the Monastyrets Nappe; in the area of Novoselytsya village in the basin of the Luzhanka River – the Jurassic-Paleogene deposits of the Pieniny Klippen Belt; along the riverbed Tereblya in Zabrid village – Cretaceous-Paleogene deposits of the Marmarosh Klippen Zone are traced. Scientific novelty. The characteristic of a number of geological objects of the Transcarpathian region is supplemented and detailed and their brief description as reflections of sedimentary, paleogeographic and paleogeodynamic history of the Carpathians is presented. These objects reflect subsequent geological events: the birth of the Carpathian sedimentary basin; the formation of sub-oceanic and oceanic crust of the Outer Carpathian Flysch Basin; the formation of Inner Eastern Carpathian nappes and their destruction due to the formation of Early Cretaceous olistostrome of the Maramorosh Klippen Zone; ForeMarmarosh and Pieniny Klippen Belt accretionary prisms growing; and the final Oligocene stage of the Outer Carpathian Basin development. In addition, the range of Paleocene-Eocene paleogeographic elements such as (from the East to the West): (a) the passive margin of the Tisza-Dacia – (b) the deep-water Inner Carpathian Flysch Basin – (c) the Pieniny active edge of the Alcapa Terrane is demonstrated. The route of the geological tour described in the article is recommended to get acquainted with the main features of Geology, Geodynamics and processes of formation of the Carpathians. It can be used for further development of geotourism in the Carpathians.
Genetic and biochemical investigation of the gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase role in predisposition to type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Azarova Iuliia E. , Klyosova Elena Yu. , Churilin Mikhail I. , Samgina Tatiana A. , Konoplya Alexander I. , Polonikov Alexey V.
Published: April 2020

Background. Imbalance in the system of redox homeostasis is an important link in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase is an antioxidant defense enzyme directly involved in the metabolism of glutathione, an endogenous antioxidant.
The aim of the study was to examine the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) rs38420 (G A), rs4270 (T C), rs6462210 (C T) and rs28679 (G A) in GGCT gene with the risk of developing T2D.
Materials and Methods. The study included 1022 T2D patients and 1064 healthy volunteers. Genotyping of GGCT gene loci was performed using iPLEX technology on a MassARRAY Analyzer 4 genome time-of-flight mass spectrometer (Agena Bioscience).
Results. As a result, we identified for the first time the association of SNP rs4270 in the GGCT gene with the risk of T2D in the Russian population. We have also established genetic and environmental interactions associated with predisposition to the disease: protective effect of gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase gene was observed only in non-smokers under condition of daily consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits, whereas in persons with insufficient consumption of plant foods, as well as in all smoking patients protective effect of GGCT was not observed. In patients with T2D, the level of hydrogen peroxide and glutathione monomer was sharply increased compared to the controls. SNP rs4270 was also found to be associated with elevated levels of reduced glutathione in the plasma of type 2 diabetics.
Conclusion. Thus, for the first time it was established that polymorphic locus rs4270 in the GGCT gene is associated with a predisposition to T2D, but its relationship with the disease is modulated by smoking and fresh plant foods consumption.
Human diseases associated with NTE gene
Authors: Melentev Pavel A. , Agranovich Olga E. , Sarantseva Svetlana V.
Published: April 2020

Evolutionary conserved NTE gene is important for survival and functioning of nervous system cells, its dysfunction leads to various pathologies. Here we describe characteristics of different disorders induced by NTE protein activity inhibition (OPIDN) or by NTE gene mutations: hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG39), Boucher Neuhaser, Gordon Holmes, Laurence Moon, Oliver McFarlane syndromes, Leber congenital amaurosis, pure cerebellar ataxia. Current review summarises accumulated data about clinical features of NTE associated diseases, presenting them in a historical way of biomedical studies, and observes molecular and genetic causes of these disorders.
Phylogenetic characteristic of nodul bacteria endemic for Southern Ural species of the genus Oxytropis (fabaceae)
Authors: Baymiev Andrei Kh. , Vladimirova Anastasiya A. , Akimova Ekaterina S. , Gumenko Roman S. , Muldashev Albert A. , Chemeris Alexei V. , Baymiev Alexei Kh.
Published: April 2020

Background. An analysis of the spatial distribution of some taxonomically and ecologically related legumes in the Ural showed a nontrivial spatial distribution of related species of the genus Oxytropis DC of the Orobia Bunge section within the Uchalinsky uplands. Despite the similarities in ecology, these species practically do not grow together. Explicit spatial segregation of closely related plants over a relatively small area allows this phenomenon to be used as a convenient model for studying the effect of segregation of closely related legume species on the genetic composition of their nodule bacteria.
Materials and methods. The genetic diversity of nodule bacteria entering into symbiosis with O. kungurensis, O. baschkiriensis, O. approximata and O. gmelinii plants was studied. In addition, the polymorphism of their symbiotic genes has also been analyzed.
Results. Phylogenetic characteristics of nodule bacteria endemic for the Southern Ural belonging to 4 species of leguminous plants of the genus Oxytropis of the section Orobia: O. kungurensis, O. baschkiriensis, O. approximata, O. gmelinii which are characterized by spatial separation of the growth sites, also called plant segregation, are given. It was shown that all of them belong to the genus Mesorhizobium despite certain phylogenetic differences of bacteria. Analysis of the symbiotic genes of the analyzed strains revealed a lack of congruence of their phylogeny with the core part of the genome. It was found that the microsymbionts of O. baschkiriensis plants differ in the phylogeny of nod-genes from nodule bacteria of other plants of the Oxytropis genus and are close to microsymbionts of plants of the Lupinaster genus growing in the Southern Urals.
Conclusion. Acquisition of the property to enter into symbiosis with nodule bacteria of plants of the genus Lupinaster may turn out to be an adaptive mechanism that arose as a result of segregation of O. baschkiriensis from other species of Oxytropis.
Prokaryotic communities of technozems of the spoil heaps of Kursk magnetic anomaly
Authors: Ivanova Ekaterina A. , Pershina Elizaveta V. , Karpova Dina V. , Tkhakakhova Azida K. , Zhelezova Alyona D. , Rogova Olga B. , Semenov Mikhail V. , Stifeev Anatoly I. , Nikitin Dmitry A. , Kolganova Tatiana V. , Andronov Evgeny E.
Published: April 2020

Background. Spoil heaps chronosequences are convenient models to analyze the succession of microbiome during restoration of anthropogenically disturbed landscapes. The investigation of the heavy metal content in lands with mining activity, can be used as an indicator of ecosystem recovery.
Materials and methods. Objects were technozems of 1-year, 25- and 50-year-old embryonic soils, and control soil under forest. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and NGS-sequencing of V4 region of 16S rRNA gene were applied. Results. During the soil-forming process, an increase organic carbon and nitrogen, as well as a gradual increase archaeal 16S rRNA gene copies and in the number of Bradyrhizobiaceae, Blastocatellaceae, Xantobacteriaceae. Although we found a number of taxa that increased during soil-forming process (Thaumarchaeota, Bradyrhizobiaceae, Blastocatellaceae, Xantobacteriaceae), technozems of different ages had a similar structure and diversity of prokaryotic communities, differing from a nature soil. Biodiversity analysis revealed that technozems generally had a similar structure and diversity of prokaryotic communities, significantly differing from the mature soil a specific clusterization of microbiomes. The HM contents and bacterial abundances remained at the same level in chronosequence.
Conclusions. The 50 years of soil development on overburden spoil heaps is not enough for the recovery from HM contamination and restoration of soil ecosystem functioning.
Analysis of the effect of immunosuppressive therapy on the progression of chronic kidney disease with mesangioproliferative nephritis
Authors: Sigitova O N , Kim T Yu , Sineglazova A V , Kamasheva G R , Nadeeva R A
Published: April 2020

Aim. To assess the effect of immunosuppressive cyclophosphamide therapy and its regimens on the rate of progression of chronic kidney disease in mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis.
Methods. 72 patients with mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis and indications for immunosuppressive therapy with disease activation were included in the comparative analysis: 56 patients received cyclophosphan in conventional doses (26 patients with daily or every other day, 30 patients with in pulse mode 1 time per month), and 16 patients did not receive cyclophosphan. Duration of the disease before observation ranged from 0 to 33.58 years, a median follow-up was 6.00 (interquartile range 1.6313.17) years, and after observation from 0 to 5 years with the median follow-up was 2.00 (1.003.50) years. The examination included nephrobiopsia with a morphological diagnosis, activity index/sclerosis, and glomerulonephritis progression rate for decreased glomerular filtration rate (ml/min/1.73 m per year).
Results. The progression rate of chronic kidney disease was higher in the group of patients not receiving immunosuppressive therapy, 5.57 (3.277.95) ml/min/1.73 m2 per year compared with of the treated patients group, 3.05 (2.046.78) ml/min/1.73 m2 per year (p=0.040). There were no differences in the rate of decrease in glomerular filtration rate between groups depending on the treatment regimen: 4.86 (2.126.77) ml/min/1.73 m2 per year with regular and 3.67 (2.04 6.91) ml/min/1.73 m2 per year with a pulse mode (p=0.720). The rate of glomerulonephritis also did not differ significantly: 1.0 (1.02.0) and 2.0 (1.02.0) relapses over 5 years, respectively (p=0.691) in both treatment regimens.
Conclusion. The treatment of patients with mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis with cyclophosphane, in combination with prednisone or without it, regardless of the treatment regimen induces a slowdown in the progression of chronic kidney disease, improving the long-term prognosis and without affecting the frequency of relapses of the disease.
Frequency and specificity of alloantibodies to HNA system antigens in donors of blood and blood components
Authors: Krobinets I I , Mineeva N V , Bogdanova I O , Kudryavtsev I V , Chechetkin A V
Published: April 2020

Aim. To study the rate of human neutrophil antigens (HNA) alloimmunization in donors of blood and blood components.
Methods. The study included blood samples of 1,127 donors who donated blood and its components in the Russian Scientific and Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, Saint Petersburg, 635 male and 492 female. 36.18% of female donors were aged between 18 and 30 (n=178) and 63.82% were aged between 30 and 60 (n=314). The medical histories of all donors did not contain the records about the transfusion of blood components. Screening and identification of HNA alloantibodies were performed using the flow cytometric granulocyte immunofluorescence test with monoclonal antibodies CD16-PE, CD45-PC7, CD19-APC, Goat F(ab')2 Anti-Human IgG-FITC and the panel of donor neutrophils with detected HNA genotypes.
Results. The frequency of HNA alloantibodies in blood donors was 0.35% (n=4). No HNA alloantibodies were found in the male donors. Alloantibodies were detected only in female blood donors aged between 30 and 60. HNA antibody frequency in female donors was 0.81%. It were detected anti-HNA-1a, anti-HNA-3b and anti-HNA-4b antibodies of the IgG immunoglobulin class. In one donor, the specificity of antibodies could not be established. To establish whether detected antibodies in immunized donors were alloantibodies, HNA genotypes were determined.
Сonclusion. HNA alloantibodies occur with low frequency and are determined in 0.35% of blood donors. Alloantibodies were detected only in female donors and were directed against HNA-1a, HNA-3b and HNA-4b. The frequency of HNA antibodies in female donors was 0.81%. HNA genotyping confirmed that detected antibodies were alloantibodies.
The dental status of patients with neuropsychiatric disorders who underwent dental debridement under general anaesthesia
Authors: Abdrashitova A B , Gainullina D K
Published: April 2020

Aim. To study the dental status of patients with neuropsychiatric disorders in dental debridement under general anaesthesia.

Methods. A comparison of the prevalence of oral pathology among patients depending on gender, age, and nosological group was performed. It was studied the dependence of the prevalence of both acute and chronic forms of dental pathology on the type of background disease and compared the frequency of dental pathology depending on the background disease.

Results. 50.8% of patients were male and 63.82% were female. All patients had poor oral hygiene and lack of knowledge about personal hygiene practices. Dentin caries (K01.2) was in 39 (30.5%) patients, irreversible pulpitis (K04.0) in 31 (24.2%) patients, and chronic forms of periodontitis and their exacerbation (K04.5) in 99 (77.3%) patients. In our study, most patients with neuropsychiatric disorders (35.9%) had Cerebral palsy (G80), 28.1% had mental retardation (F70F73), and 10.2% had schizophrenia (F20). Irreversible pulpitis (K04.0) was statistically significantly more common in patients diagnosed with cerebral palsy (G80) 21.7%, while in patients with mental retardation (F70F73) only in 5.6% (p=0.007). The prevalence of periodontitis was highest in patients with mental retardation (F70F73) 86.1%, medium in patients with schizophrenia (F20) 46.2% and lowest in other diseases (39.4%); the differences were statistically significant (p=0.001).

Conclusion. We identified characteristics of the dental status, intensity and prevalence of dental diseases in patients with neuropsychiatric disorders in dental debridement under general anaesthesia.
Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) in cancer patients
Authors: Ebzeev A K
Published: April 2020

This literature review focuses on the latest advances in the study of osteonecrosis of the jaw in cancer patients taking bisphosphonates. Prescribing bisphosphonates for the treatment of metastatic bone disease is justifiable and unavoidable measure. The action of bisphosphonates leads to increase in bone tissue strength, but significantly suppressing normal bone remodelling, essential for repair, and becomes vulnerable to mechanical trauma and bacterial invasion. The unique anatomical and physiological features of the jaw bones determine their selective damage. The disease is characterized by progressive jaw necrosis, chronic inflammation of the surrounding tissues complicated by a pathological fracture and persistent oroantral fistula, which aggravates chronic pain and leads to a deterioration in the quality of life of patients. The occurrence of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a multifactorial process. Most often, it occurs in patients with long term treatment with zoledronic acid preparations against after tooth extraction. The fact of an increase in the incidence of osteonecrosis is undeniable for objective reasons, the main of which are an increase in cancer, an increase in the life expectancy of cancer patients and their need for bisphosphonate therapy. In the article, it was analyzed the latest scientific reports on the causes of the disease, risk factors and the pathogenesis of the disease. Data on the frequency of jaw osteonecrosis in different countries are presented. It was shown promising developments and summarizes information on existing methods for diagnosing jaw bisphosphonate osteonecrosis. Questions about the key approaches in the treatment of the disease, as well as about new experimental techniques, are examined. The main problems of the prevention of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws are formulated.
América Latina: género y política
Authors: Krzywicka Katarzyna , Martin María Elena
Published: April 2020

La incorporación de la perspectiva de género instalada desde el pensamiento feminista en el campo de las ciencias sociales desde los años 60 del siglo pasado, al ingresar a los estudios políticos, tanto en sus abordajes de los sistemas políticos y de las prácticas políticas nacionales y subnacionales como en el ámbito de las relaciones internacionales, propone un cambio epistemológico que ilumina aspectos que las teorías clásicas no dan suficiente cuenta u omiten de la realidad.
El género y la política en Chenalhó, un pueblo maya-tzotzil en Los Altos de Chiapas, México
Authors: Jacórzyński Witold
Published: April 2020

En este ensayo se describe la historia de Rosa Pérez Pérez, la primera mujer alcaldesa en Chenalhó, uno de los municipios indígenas maya-tzotziles en Los Altos de Chiapas. El artículo tiene tres objetivos. En primer lugar, se presenta su victoria en las elecciones democráticas en julio de 2015, su derrota bajo las presiones de sus opositores políticos el 25 de mayo de 2016, su victoria legal el 16 de agosto de 2016, su regreso a Chenalhó en febrero de 2017 y el último año de su gobierno impregnado de los conflictos internos. En segundo lugar, se presentan los conceptos teóricos que pueden ayudar a pensar las cuestiones relacionadas con el género en Chenalhó: poder político, prácticas, instituciones, Estado, género, entre otras. Finalmente, en tercer lugar, se analiza la historia de Rosa Pérez Pérez desde dos modelos explicativos: el primero basado en el género y el otro en la estructura social. En conclusión, se argumenta que la contienda en Chenalhó representa el conflicto de dos diferentes órdenes sociales acerca de la mujer, uno tradicionalista mesoamericano y el otro moderno.
Polemizar y controvertir lo incuestionable. Deconstruir conceptos estáticos mediante nuestra historia personal
Authors: Di Giorgio Florencia
Published: April 2020

Cuando J. Butler reflexionaba sobre la performatividad del género, nos introdujo en una forma novedosa de comprender la subjetividad sexo genérica, permitiéndonos ver el sesgo que pesa sobre nuestras percepciones a raíz de las normas reguladoras que imperan a nivel social. Siguiendo esta línea, y a partir del estudio de caso de Tahiana Marrone, una excombatiente de la Guerra de Malvinas, este trabajo buscará reflexionar sobre la construcción de los roles socioculturales mediante la asignación necesaria de los mismos a un género, haciendo hincapié específicamente en el concepto hegemónico de “veterano de Guerra de Malvinas”.
El feminicidio como el otro tipo de homicidio doloso basado en género en América Latina
Authors: Serafin Alicja
Published: April 2020

A partir de los años noventa del siglo XX, la región latinoamericana experimenta una oleada interminable de los crímenes dirigidos contra las mujeres. Una de las representaciones más emblemáticas de esta “epidemia” de violencia constituyen los feminicidios. Se estima que en América Latina cada día mueren aproximadamente doce mujeres por causa de su género. Según las estadísticas criminales, el país con una tasa más alta de feminicidios sigue siendo México. Aunque las autoridades mexicanas, después de la sentencia de Campo Algodonero de 16 de noviembre de 2009, fueron obligadas de implementar unas políticas públicas orientadas a erradicar todas las formas de violencia contra las mujeres, el número de feminicidios, nutrido por la impunidad, el narcotráfico y la corrupción, no para de crecer. En el presente trabajo se intentará explicar varios conceptos, tanto jurídicos como sociológicos, que se esconden bajo el término de feminicidio. Una atención muy especial será prestada al modo de hablar sobre las víctimas y los victimarios de este crimen en los medios de comunicación.
Justiça de Transição no Brasil pós-ditadura civil-militar de 1964–1985: a importância das leis 9.140/1995 e 10.559/2002 para a implementação de políticas de reparação
Authors: Monteiro Millena Fontoura
Published: April 2020

O tema da justiça de transição trata da busca por respostas a um passado de violações sistemáticas aos direitos humanos. Entre os mecanismos de justiça transicional comumente invocados, destacam-se: reparações, anistias, comissões de verdade, julgamentos, mudanças legais e institucionais. Com relação à experiência de justiça transicional posta em prática no Brasil a partir da sua mais recente democratização (1988), serão objeto de análise, no presente artigo, alguns aspectos das políticas de reparação, destacando-se a importância das leis 9.140/1995 e 10.559/2002.
El desarrollo de las perspectivas feministas en el estudio disciplinar de las Relaciones Internacionales en el mundo y en Argentina
Authors: Lucero Mariel R.
Published: April 2020

Este trabajo presenta un estado de la cuestión sobre las perspectivas feministas en Relaciones Internacionales a nivel global, donde aborda sucintamente el posicionamiento epistemológico y metodológico del feminismo, para desarrollar la génesis y características de los principales enfoques feministas en las Relaciones Internacionales y sus objetivos; y en una segunda instancia, revela el estado de los estudios en Argentina en particular.
¿Todos por igual? Un análisis de las repercusiones del acoso político en el ejercicio de funciones de regidoras en municipios locales en Puno y Lima (2015–2018), Perú
Authors: Ayo Pámela Cantuarias
Published: April 2020

Las mujeres enfrentan serias dificultades para ingresar en la arena política. En los últimos años se ha evidenciado al acoso político como uno de los cuatro principales obstáculos para la participación de mujeres en la política peruana. El artículo presenta los resultados de investigación de las limitantes en el desarrollo de actividades y funciones de 17 mujeres regidoras en municipalidades distritales y provinciales en Lima y Puno entre 2015 y 2018, en el Perú. Se pretende visibilizar las situaciones de violencia, desacreditación, las problemáticas por las que atraviesan las autoridades y cómo estas pueden repercutir en sus funciones y sus expectativas de participación política.
Los dilemas de la participación política de las mujeres en México. Retos y retrocesos ante el avance sustantivo de las mujeres
Authors: Rosado Toledo Mónica , Pérez Cárdenas Lizeth
Published: April 2020

Las mujeres en México se han enfrentado a una serie de obstáculos y dificultades para incorporarse a los espacios de toma de decisiones, lo cual se evidenció en el proceso electoral 2017–2018 en donde la violencia política por razones de género visibilizó los entramados de un sistema político que atenta contra los derechos de las mujeres y de las diversidades sexo-genéricas. En este artículo retomamos el caso de las candidaturas trans o muxes, asi como las renuncias masivas de mujeres de las llamadas “manuelitas”. Ambos casos nos permiten reflexionar sobre los retos y retrocesos en el avance sustantivo de las mujeres.
Praca socjalna wobec pedagogizacji życia społecznego – ujęcie krytyczne
Authors: Granosik Mariusz
Published: April 2020

Praca socjalna, szczególnie ugruntowana w tradycji społeczno-pedagogicznej, jest krytyczna wobec rzeczywistości społecznej właściwie od samego początku. Rzadko jednak ten krytycyzm opiera się na koncepcjach rządomyślności (Michel Foucault) i pedagogizacji (dyskurs postfoucaultowski). Aplikacja tych kontekstów teoretycznych umożliwia autokrytyczną analizę pracy socjalnej, a ponadto uwidacznia zarówno procesy społeczne, które strukturyzują pracę socjalną (pedagogizacja, neoliberalizacja), jak i sposoby, jakich używa ta profesja, by zarządzać użytkownikami usług (projektowanie życia). Otwiera to pytanie o społeczną rolę pracy socjalnej i pedagogiki społecznej (podporządkowywanie władzy czy uwalnianie) oraz jej stosunek do kontroli społecznej. Praktyka może być rozwijana w kierunku lepszego wykorzystania dominujących dyskursów i wykorzystania pracy socjalnej w celu edukowania tej części społeczeństwa, która z różnych względów nie ulega ich bezpośrednim wpływom (pedagogizacja). Może też – zgodnie z krytyczną tradycją pedagogiki społecznej – prowadzić do takiego przeformułowania podstawowych pojęć i metod pracy socjalnej, żeby możliwe było wspieranie nieneoliberalnych lokalnych tradycji utrzymywania ładu społecznego.
Nie bij, nie krzycz… O przemocy wobec osób starszych – przegląd badań
Authors: Weissbrot-Koziarska Anna
Published: April 2020

W artykule poruszono kwestie dotyczące stosowania przemocy wobec osób starszych. Zjawisko to staje się jednym z głównych problemów społecznych, z którymi muszą zmierzyć się m.in. pracownicy socjalni oraz specjaliści z zakresu pedagogiki (w tym gerontopedagogiki), socjologii, a także przedstawiciele służb pomocowych. Jak wynika z analizy danych statystycznych oraz wyników badań naukowych, skala stosowania przemocy stale się pogłębia. W opracowaniu zaprezentowano przegląd badań dotyczących skali i determinantów stosowania przemocy wobec seniorów oraz koncepcje wycofania moralnego jako jednego z czynników wywołujących zachowania przemocowe.
Podmiotowość i tożsamość a poczucie sensu i jakości życia młodzieży z niepełnosprawnością
Authors: Barłóg Krystyna
Published: April 2020

Współczesna młodzież z niepełnosprawnością mimo świadomości własnych praw i potrzeb nadal zmaga się z wieloma barierami i ograniczeniami. Dylematy wynikające z dorosłości oraz samej niepełnosprawności u młodzieży z niepełnosprawnością rodzą wiele pytań o sens czy bezsens własnej egzystencji, o podmiotowość czy przedmiotowość osobową, ale i o sens zdarzeń, sytuacji, potrzeb. Młodzież z niepełnosprawnością stawia również pytania o własną tożsamość i jakość życia w sytuacji wchodzenia w dorosłość z problemem niepełnosprawności. W interdyscyplinarnym ujęciu tego zagadnienia koncepcja człowieka-podmiotu potwierdza przyjęcie podmiotu jako osoby, która spełnia się w realizacji osobistych zadań, jest pełna indywidualizmu, dąży do samorealizacji, może być podstawą do uzasadnienia paradygmatu zmian u młodych osób z niepełnosprawnością oraz może być próbą formułowania własnej, osobowej tożsamości. Młode osoby z niepełnosprawnością nie różnią się od swoich rówieśników w zakresie aspiracji i celów życiowych, jednak w sytuacji młodych osób z niepełnosprawnością można mówić o trudnym wkraczaniu w dorosłość. Prowadzone badania naukowe potwierdzają, że u młodych osób z niepełnosprawnością nadal występują problemy w zrozumieniu własnej tożsamości. Wyniki badań potwierdzają niskie poczucie przynależności społecznej i integracji młodych osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną w stopniu lekkim, dość niski poziom poczucia jakości własnego życia, niewielką świadomość własnej niezależności oraz możliwości podejmowania decyzji.
Wybrane aspekty relacji pomocowej w pracy socjalnej z osobami z zaburzeniami psychicznymi
Authors: Krawczyk Renata
Published: April 2020

Zawód pracownika socjalnego bez wątpienia wymaga profesjonalizmu, który uwzględnia zarówno aspekt techniczny, jak i relacyjny. Pracownik socjalny powinien biegle operować przepisami prawa, znajomością instytucji pomocowych, technik i metod pracy, a także jako partner w tworzeniu relacji pomocowej powinien wykazywać się odpowiednimi cechami i umiejętnościami składającymi się na tzw. osobowość pomagacza. W artykule przedstawiono wybrane trudności, jakie mogą się pojawić w kontakcie i w relacji pomocowej z osobami z zaburzeniami psychicznymi. Pracownik socjalny z jednej strony powinien umieć odczytywać, odczuwać i współodczuwać emocje drugiej osoby, a z drugiej powinien zdawać sobie sprawę z własnych reakcji emocjonalnych i ich roli w tworzeniu i przebiegu tej relacji.
Pracownik socjalny i asystent rodziny w systemie wspierania rodziny
Authors: Czechowska-Bieluga Marta
Published: April 2020

Efektywnej pracy socjalnej z rodziną sprzyja właściwa współpraca pracownika socjalnego z asystentem rodziny. Zharmonizowanie ich zadań jest ważne szczególnie w sytuacjach, w których dotychczasowe działania przedstawicieli służb społecznych nie przyniosły satysfakcjonujących rezultatów. Zadania pracownika socjalnego, wielokrotnie opisywane w literaturze, nie doczekały się pogłębionych analiz obejmujących wspólne działanie z asystentem rodziny. Asystent wspiera rodzinę tak, by mogła pokonywać trudności życiowe, zwłaszcza dotyczące dzieci, oraz towarzyszy rodzicom we wprowadzeniu zmian umożliwiających prawidłowy rozwój ich potomstwa. W przeciwieństwie do pracy socjalnej cechą właściwą asystowaniu jest wysoka indywidualizacja działań, możliwa dzięki mniejszej liczbie świadczeniobiorców. Podobnie do pracownika socjalnego asystent ma na celu zwiększenie poczucia wpływu członków rodziny na własne życie, przyczyniając się do podniesienia poziomu jego jakości. Optyka asystenta rodziny ogniskuje się głównie na jej usamodzielnieniu i pozostawieniu dzieci w ich naturalnym środowisku, obejmując szeroko rozumianą pedagogizację. W artykule podjęto próbę omówienia zakresów ról pracownika socjalnego i asystenta rodziny w systemie wspierania rodziny.
Adaptacja polskiej wersji kwestionariusza Skala Praktyki Familiocentrycznej do badania jakości relacji pomiędzy profesjonalistami a rodzinami korzystającymi ze wsparcia instytucjonalnego
Authors: Przeperski Jarosław , Grządzielewska Małgorzata
Published: April 2020

Artykuł wpisuje się w tematykę związaną z badaniami ewaluacyjnymi oraz tworzeniem rozwiązań opartych na wiedzy i dowodach naukowych. Zmiany zachodzące w politykach publicznych w obszarze społecznym wymagają naukowej oceny. Niestety, często brakuje odpowiednich narzędzi, szczególnie gdy oceniającymi są użytkownicy systemu. Wypełniając tę lukę, autorzy dokonali wyboru, a następnie adaptacji narzędzia pozwalającego na określenie jakości relacji pomiędzy profesjonalistami a rodzinami, które korzystają z usług systemu pomocowego – Skali Praktyki Familiocentrycznej (Family-Centered Practice Scale) stworzonej przez Carla J. Dunsta, Carol M. Trivette i Deborah W. Hamby z Orelena Hawks Puckett Institute (USA). Celem artykułu była adaptacja kulturowa polskiej wersji kwestionariusza oraz walidacja jego własności psychometrycznych. Skala składa się z dwóch wymiarów (relacyjnego i partycypacyjnego) i czterech podskal. W procesie dostosowania skali do uwarunkowań w Polsce dokonano adaptacji językowej i kulturowej, walidacji psychometrycznej oraz normalizacji skali. Otrzymane wyniki wskazują na wysoką trafność i rzetelność kwestionariusza, co oznacza, że skala ta może być stosowana do określenia jakości relacji pomiędzy pracownikami instytucji pomocowych a rodzinami.
New Hungarian Institutions against Administrative Silence: Friends or Foes of the Parties?
Authors: Rozsnyai Krisztina F. , Hoffman István
Published: April 2020

The Programme for the Reduction of Bureaucracy launched by the Hungarian government in 2015 has several directions, such as rethinking of the system of administrative organs, reshaping of civil service, simplification of administrative procedures, and fight against administrative silence, as well. New codes on the administrative procedure and on the judicial review of the administrative decisions were passed in 2016 and 2017, and the sectoral regulation has been transformed, as well. The most important change of the sectoral procedural rules was the replacement of procedures for permissions to a simple duty of notification. The authors investigate, if these institutions really help to reduce the burdens citizens and companies have in connection with bureaucracy: whether they are efficient tools against administrative silence and really are improving the situation of the parties vis-à-vis the administration and fostering good administration. They also take a closer look on the newly established action for failure to Act I of 2017 on the Code of Administrative Court Procedure (in force since 2018) intended as an additional tool, as well as its other new institutions addressing the problem of silence of administration.
Problem odpowiedzialności członków zarządu spółki kapitałowej za zobowiązania z tytułu składek na ubezpieczenie społeczne powstałe w czasie trwania postępowania z możliwością zawarcia układu
Authors: Adamus Rafał
Published: April 2020

The study is devoted to the problem of management board members’ liability for social insurance contributions arising during the course of proceedings with the option of concluding an arrangement based on the provisions of both the Bankruptcy and Reorganization Law and the Restructuring Law. It defends the view that a member of the management board is not responsible for liabilities under social security contributions arising during the course of proceedings with the option of concluding an arrangement, initiated in good time, conducted on the basis of the provisions of the Bankruptcy and Reorganization Law as well as on the provisions of the Restructuring Law.
Legal Comparison of Freedom of Expression and Freedom of the Press in the Republic of Armenia and in the Republic of Poland
Authors: Lis Wojciech
Published: April 2020

Freedom of expression and freedom of the press form guarantee and emphasize the democratic character of a state. The dissemination of information and opinions is a prerequisite of democracy, which essentially requires that citizens be guaranteed the possibility to participate in public affairs. An opportunity to learn some information and opinions is of paramount importance for broadening knowledge, sharpening the critical mind, shaping one’s own views and making rational and informed choices. For full access to information and opinions circulating in the public, it is necessary that it should be made public and media and their journalists will make it in the best way. The aim of this study was to compare constitutional legal solutions concerning freedom of expression and freedom of the press and the way they are effectuated in practice in theRepublicofArmeniaand in theRepublicofPoland.
Planowanie przestrzenne jako instrument oddziaływania na ochronę zasobów naturalnych i gospodarkę nieruchomościami
Authors: Zdyb Marian
Published: April 2020

In view of growing threats in this respect, the protection of natural resources is undoubtedly becoming a serious challenge, both for the state and for each citizen. Therefore, this article is supposed to draw attention to the problem of searching for optimal instruments for the protection of these resources. This is about creating and developing appropriate standards in legal regulations regarding environmental protection, protection of nature, water, air, national and landscape parks, nature monuments, etc. as well as protection of natural resources in cities and human settlements. Undoubtedly, spatial planning is of paramount significance in this matter, in particular local spatial development plans and the appropriate instruments of action resulting from them. Their significance should be considered particularly important because they are generally applicable law as acts of local law.
Glosa do wyroku Sądu Apelacyjnego we Wrocławiu z dnia 29 października 2019 r. (I ACa 698/19, niepublikowany)
Authors: Bereza Arkadiusz
Published: April 2020

The Court of Appeal in Wrocław, in its judgement of 29 October 2019 (I ACa 698/19) amending the judgement of the District Court of Wrocław of 28 February 2019 (I C733/18), declared invalid the acquisition of a real property by a South Korean citizen. In its judgement, the Court of Appeal in Wrocław interpreted Article 8 (2) of the Act of 24 March 1920 on the Acquisition of Real Property by Foreigners. This provision governs the subjective scope of the exemption from the obligation to obtain the authorisation from the minister competent for interior affairs for the acquisition of real property. The Court of Appeal has concluded that a natural person who is a foreign person within the meaning of the Act on the Acquisition of Real Property by Foreigners and who is not a citizen of the European Economic Area Member State or the Swiss Confederation, even though pursues individual economic activity in the territory of the Republic of Poland, shall not be entitled to the exemption provided for in Article 8 (2) of the Act on the Acquisition of Real Property by Foreigners concerning nationals and undertakings of the Member States of the European Economic Area agreement or the Swiss Confederation, as this would be contrary to the function of the Act on the Acquisition of Real Property by Foreigners and the systemic and teleological interpretation of Article 8 (2) of this Act.
Wygaśnięcie mandatu wójta na skutek skazania na karę grzywny za niedopełnienie obowiązków z zakresu zarządzania kryzysowego. Glosa do wyroku Sądu Rejonowego w P. z dnia 18 kwietnia 2019 r. (II K 1164/14)
Authors: Karpiuk Mirosław , Włodek Tomasz
Published: April 2020

The tasks concerning public safety and order, as well as flood protection, have been assigned by the legislator to the executive body of the municipality. Task standards alone, however, cannot constitute a sufficient legal basis for determining obligations of the authority within this scope, especially in the context of criminal-law assessment of their non-fulfillment. Such assessment requires a precise setting of the content of the competency standards since only such norms can establish obligations of the authority and constitute an instrument for carrying out the tasks. The legislator should clearly indicate the obligations incumbent on the authority, and the criminal court should determine the ones which have not been fulfilled giving a specific provision of law requiring a specific action.
Communal Seniors Council as an Institution of Social Participation in Local Government
Authors: Gulińska Emilia
Published: April 2020

The article deals with the issues of Communal Seniors Council as an institution of social participation in local government. The considerations start with the discussion of the concept and the essence of social participation and participation of the elderly in public life. Then, the Communal Seniors Councils were analysed in the light of the Act on the Municipal Self-Government, the functions of the Seniors’ Councils, as well as the social participation of the elderly in the United Kingdom and Germany also were presented.
Perioperative use of anti-EGFR antibodies in resectable and potentially resectable liver metastases
Authors: Zhukov N.  V.
Published: April 2020

The radical resection of all visible disease manifestations can significantly improve the prognosis of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, however, complete metastasectomy is initially possible only in a small proportion of patients, with many of them subsequently developing relapse. Aiming to increase the number of patients subject to radical intervention and to reduce the recurrence risk, preoperative chemotherapy (with or without subsequent adjuvant treatment) is widely used in routine practice. In the hope of increasing immediate effectiveness (increasing the proportion of patients subject to R0 resection) and the long-term results of treatment, preoperative chemotherapy is often accompanied with biological agents (anti-EGFR and anti-VEGF monoclonal antibodies) continued after surgery in some cases. However, despite the evidence of increased resectability, the impact of this approach on long-term treatment outcomes has not yet been determined. The analysis of recent studies in this area doubts the safety of perioperative use of anti-EGFR antibodies in patients with potentially curable metastatic colorectal cancer.
Innovating Youth Tournament Schedules to Minimize School Absenteeism
Authors: Chard Chris , Wigfield Daniel , Potwarka Luke
Published: April 2020

Participation in sport has been lauded for the myriad benefits provided to youth who engage. Similarly, attendance in school has been identified as a salient contributor to academic success. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to explore the extent to which participation in youth representative (“rep”) hockey in Ontario contributes to avoidable absences from traditional school contexts. Specifically, empirical data from 104 youth rep hockey tournaments, ranging from AE-AAA competitive levels, and the Tyke (7-year-olds) to Midget (17-year-olds) age ranks, were utilized to meet the study’s first purpose. The second purpose was to present an alternative and innovative way youth sport tournaments could be scheduled to minimize school absenteeism. The results of the current investigation show there is merit to the proposed shift in tournament scheduling. Specifically, more than 42,000 avoidable school absences, from the 104 tournaments sampled, could be mitigated with a simple adjustment to tournament schedules.
Early selection in a population of the mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes)
Authors: Cabral Maia Maria Clideana , De Araújo Lúcio Borges , Dos Santos Dias Carlos Tadeu , De Oliveira Luís Cláudio , Lopes Vasconcelos Lucio Flavo , Da Costa Lima Paulo Sarmanho
Published: April 2020

The mangaba is a fruit tree with great potential for the northeast of Brazil. Due to the scarcity of improved cultivars, and as it is a species that is still in the process of domestication, exploitation has been based on rational and sustainable extractivism by farmer-gatherers. The aim of this study was to analyse the correlations between technological variables of the mangaba, and to carry out an early selection of the genotypes that make up the base population of the mangaba improvement program of Embrapa Meio-Norte. The variables fruit weight, pulp weight and percentage pulp show significant correlation with fruit length and fruit diameter, allowing indirect selection for the first set of variables by means of the latter, which are easily measured. Genotypes 4, 13, 16, 21, 25, 32, 35 and 49 show a positive association with fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, pulp weight and percentage weight, and are therefore candidates for selection. Principal component 1 is associated with fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, skin weight, number of seeds per fruit, seed weight, TTA and pulp weight. These variables can be selected with greater mathematical certainty, since this component concentrates more information regarding variability and is therefore more important.