bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling a Solution for Smart Space Planning Aiming for Energy Efficiency in Industry 4.0
Authors: Ferreira Viviane Bessa , Gomes Raphael de Aquino , Calixto Wesley Pacheco
Published: April 2024

The escalating demand for energy in the industrial sector poses significant challenges, necessitating the exploration of innovative solutions. In response, there is a growing inclination towards leveraging the transformative potential of Industry 4.0 technologies to enhance energy efficiency in these spaces. The integration of smart technologies emerges as a promising alternative, prompting a critical examination of how computing resources, equipment, and components can be strategically arranged within these environments. Addressing this imperative, the present study endeavors to contribute to the discourse by proposing a comprehensive solution for the design and planning of smart spaces, grounded in Industry 4.0 technologies, with a specific focus on achieving energy efficiency. The research not only conceptualizes the proposed model but also provides insights into its preliminary implementation, thereby bridging the gap between theoretical considerations and practical applications in the pursuit of sustainable and intelligent industrial spaces.
Children as Witnesses in Court Proceedings
Authors: Drnovšek Katja , Berk Tinka
Published: April 2024

When children are confronted with the judicial system, they are particularly vulnerable to stressful and complex situations. Complying with international standards promoting child-friendly justice is crucial for preventing negative impacts on their development. The Slovenian legal system has implemented several measures to safeguard the rights and well-being of child victims and witnesses in criminal proceedings, such as excluding minors from direct confrontation with the accused, utilising videoconferencing for testimony, and establishing child-friendly spaces. The model of "Barnahus" or "Children’s House" has been adopted as well, emphasising a multidisciplinary approach to addressing child victims of sexual abuse and other crimes. The Supreme Court has actively pursued child-friendly justice, producing informative booklets to guide child witnesses through legal processes. These and other initiatives underscore Slovenia's commitment to balancing the rights of the accused with the protection and support of child victims in the criminal justice system while leaving room for further development.
Very simply, what do we mean by Food Systems?
Authors:   African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, Oniang'o Ruth
Published: April 2024

The September 2021 Food Systems Summit to be convened by the UN Secretary-General António Guterres will be part of the Decade of Action to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. The Summit will launch bold new actions to deliver progress on all 17 SDGs, each of which relies to some degree on healthier, more sustainable and equitable food systems.To better understand what is meant here by Food Systems, and how different the actions from this summit are likely to be from past summits, visit a brief by Hanh Nguyen (Value Chain Development Consultant of the Sustainable Markets, Agribusiness and Rural Transformations Team, FAO), whose concept and “why the summit?” are both very well captured.
Food and nutrient losses in traditional foods consumed in sub-Saharan Africa can be reduced by embracing appropriate home processing technologies
Authors:   Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya, Mustosi Anne Aswani
Published: April 2024

Achieving Sustainable Development Goal 2 - Zero Hunger by 2030 has elicited several responses locally and globally. Production and utilization of traditional foods is one strategy that is in use to alleviate food insecurity, hunger, and malnutrition. Many traditional foods had been neglected by researchers, thus leading to the loss of agro-biodiversity. There is a generational gap in knowledge and consumption of traditional foods, with the current young generation of subSaharan Africa (SSA) having little or no knowledge of some traditional foods.
What opportunities do we have now to end hunger in the World?
Authors:   African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, Oniang'o Ruth
Published: April 2024

How come the Green Revolution eluded Africa? This is an issue that has been extensively discussed, in reference to the Asian Green Revolution in the 70s and the issue still comes up every so often
Finding policy recommendations for Food/Water Safety, Water for Food Security in an increasingly water stressed world
Authors:   UN Secretary General Advisory Board on Water, Catley-Carlson Margaret
Published: April 2024

How should policy makers and those that advise them navigate the uncharted areas where food safety issues run up against the need to find ever more water for food, and for all of our other needs? What policy instruments are useful tools for resolving the various and increasing demands for water? What does current science offer us in terms of analysis and possible solutions?
An adaptive household sampling method for rural african communities
Authors:   Eastern Michigan University, Douglass Richard
Published: April 2024

This issue of AJFAND is special in a new way. The need for improved and appropriate research methods throughout Africa has been recognized for some time and in this issue AJFAND declares that it is time to address the issue. I have had the privilege of serving on the Editorial Board, reviewing manuscripts for technical and substantive quality, working with young scholars to get their work into print, and collaborating with Professor Ruth Oniang’o to move this journal to the forefront of discovery and multidisciplinary scientific communication. The joy of the work has frequently been frustrated by the presentation of good questions and ideas that are pursued with inadequate research methodology. From many of these submissions since 2001 it has become clear to me, and also by many other reviewers, that the teaching and state of the art regarding research methods is often dismal. Many submissions demonstrate a very elementary and naïve understanding of research methods. A large proportion of survey-based studies, for instance, report dependence on the catch-all “convenience sample” that may serve the purpose of developing new questions in the context of qualitative research, but can never demonstrate methodological transparency or replicability. Results of a single convenience sample cannot be used as a basis for extrapolation to any extant population.
“ANTÔNIO DÓ - SEVERO BANDIDO. MAS POR METADE” REPRESENTAÇÃO DO JAGUNÇO MINEIRO NA CARTOGRAFIA LITERÁRIA DE MANOEL AMBRÓSIO
Authors: Borges Pimenta Júnior Pedro , Aparecida Rodrigues dos Santos Lucivânia
Published: April 2024

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o romance Antônio Dó: o bandoleiro das barrancas (1976), do mineiro Manoel Ambrósio Alves de Oliveira (1865 - 1947), a partir do estudo inicial realizado por Francisco de Vasconcellos (1976). Nesse sentido, após pesquisa documental em periódicos e revisão de bibliografia, é possível compreender como o autor construiu uma espécie de cartografia literária do Médio São Francisco no início do século XX, esboçada a partir de um exercício de ficcionalização das memórias sobre os conflitos que envolveram o jagunço Antônio Antunes de França e que, de algum modo, eram também reflexo das perseguições e dissabores sofridos pelo escritor.
CAMPANHA PRÓ-IMPRENSA DO CENTRO CULTURAL "GONÇALVES DIAS" CADERNO LITERÁRIO Nº2: UM OLHAR CRÍTICO PARA OS PRIMÓRDIOS DO MODERNISMO NO MARANHÃO
Authors: Moraes Garrido Natércia
Published: April 2024

O presente estudo visa analisar criticamente a publicação literária intitulada Caderno Literário nº2, organizada e editada pelo grêmio maranhense Centro Cultural “Gonçalves Dias” em 1947. O objetivo maior é evidenciar como essa revista oportunizou um espaço para que vários jovens intelectuais maranhenses em ascensão nas letras pudessem expor seus textos e suas influências e como seus poemas já demonstravam uma transição entre o persistente academicismo e o Modernismo, o qual ainda não havia se efetivado no Maranhão. No decorrer deste estudo, analisamos brevemente 2 textos em prosa e 16 poemas, porém enfocamos em dois, Horizonte vesperal, de Nascimento Morais Filho, e Meu verso, de Lago Burnett, para que se perceba a dualidade de tendências ainda em voga em nossos autores e como o movimento de renovação, ainda que desejado, não se fazia plenamente segundo a estética modernista. Para amparar nossa fundamentação teórica, utilizamos as concepções de Candido & Castello (2001), Corrêa (1989), Meireles (1955) e Ávila (1975), dentre outros.
METROPOLITANOS VERSOS, A GRANDE VITÓRIA RIMA
Authors: Miguel Marcelo Calderari
Published: April 2024

A poesia é a arte de dizer muito ou não dizer nada e, assim soma letras, subtrai angústia , multiplicar denúncias e manifestações,  divide as operações de espanto e admiração na reflexão filosofica. O texto poético é artistico e uma incógnita. Situa e banca a arte de explorar o silêncio do som, das palavras e das letras e carrega-lo de sentidos, que parecem carregando de ciência e de um perfil educacional melhorado. Criar a confusão não é trivial, mas realmente parece que a poesia estrutura grande parte da humanidade e humanização,  um movimento que parte de coisas simples para coisas mais complexas, terminando no conhecimento de si e da coletividade. A poesia é isto: é o mundo que se vê, é o ruido que se ouve, é o cheiro que se cheira, é tudo e mais nada. A poesia é a expressão de quem fala, mas também de quem não fala.
O CONTEXTO RURAL NOS DOCUMENTOS OFICIAIS E NAS AULAS DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA
Authors: Corrêa de Abreu Hillana Layra , De Oliveira Ribeiro Mariana Aparecida
Published: April 2024

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa que teve por objeto de pesquisa as práticas de leitura e escrita em contextos rurais. Nesse sentido, essa investigação teve um duplo objeto de análise: os documentos norteadores do ensino de Língua Portuguesa (BNCC e o Documento Curricular do Território Maranhense) e as práticas de leitura e escrita de alunos de comunidades rurais. Por conta da pandemia do COVID 19, a observação sobre as práticas de leitura e escrita concentrou-se na análise de materiais produzidos pelos professores das escolas rurais distribuídos aos alunos dessas comunidades desde o início da pandemia. Essa investigação buscou responder uma das questões do projeto coletivo, qual seja: Como as especificidades do contexto rural interveem nas práticas de leitura e escrita? Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental e qualitativa inserida no projeto coletivo Saberes locais em contextos rurais: ensino de leitura e escrita, financiado pela FAPEMA (Universal 01299/18). É importante destacar que a relevância dessa investigação se deve a seu olhar duplo para um mesmo objeto de pesquisa: as práticas escolares de leitura e escrita em contextos rurais e como os saberes locais são incorporados nos documentos oficiais. Como referencial teórico, nos baseamos em Barzotto (2016), Roger Chartier (2004 e 1988), Geraldi (2004), Orlandi (1983), Marcuschi (1985), Foucault (1970), entre outros autores.

Palavras-chave: Leitura; Escrita; Saberes locais; Documentos oficiais; Contextos rurais.
Effects of Early Psychological Trauma on Limbic System Structure and Function
Authors: Kılıç Bengü Sare Sevda Pelin , Saltoğlu Seren , Erdoğdu Emel
Published: April 2024

This paper aims to review the subtypes of childhood trauma and its effects on brain structures and function, especially the hippocampus and amygdala within the limbic system, in the context of clinical psychology. For this purpose, original articles published between 1996 and 2024 were systematically searched in major databases such as PubMed, PsycArticles, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using keywords such as early childhood trauma, psychological trauma, limbic system, hippocampus, amygdala, and neuroimaging. The articles were initially screened based on their titles, and those meeting the search criteria, including study population, investigated brain regions, and types of traumas, were further assessed for relevance. Ultimately, 136 articles were selected and discussed in this review. Trauma experiences in early life can have a significantly negative influence on a person's psychological health by causing neurodevelopmental impairments, especially in the limbic system. While it is understood that trauma influences how individuals think, behave, and feel, the results of neuroimaging studies reveal variations in the amygdala and hippocampus based on different trauma subtypes. These changes merit deeper investigation in future research to fully understand the reasons behind the diverse findings in existing literature.
Recognition and Management of Sexual Violence in Psychiatry Outpatient Clinics
Authors: Han Almiş Behice , Sehlikoğlu Şeyma
Published: April 2024

Sexual violence is defined as the act of forcing an individual to engage in sexual intercourse or perform sexual acts without their consent, whether by a partner or someone else. Victims often face considerable barriers to reporting these incidents, frequently due to prevalent myths surrounding sexual violence. Consequently, many victims end up seeking help in psychiatry outpatient clinics, where they encounter healthcare professionals. It is crucial for these settings to integrate routine inquiries about sexual violence into their protocols, ensuring that all patients are assessed in a consistent and sensitive manner. The primary goal of this review article is to underline the critical need for psychiatry outpatient clinics to acknowledge and address sexual violence effectively. This involves establishing clear guidelines for mental health professionals on how to routinely question patients about sexual violence, which will help in identifying those at risk more effectively. Furthermore, the review seeks to highlight the importance of identifying and addressing the psychological risk factors that may predispose individuals to become perpetrators of sexual violence. Understanding these factors can lead to better preventive strategies and therapeutic interventions tailored to the needs of this specific group. Additionally, the necessity of providing victims with immediate psychological support, known as psychological first aid, following an incident. is emphasized, This form of early intervention is vital for reducing the impact of trauma and assisting in the recovery process. By focusing on these key areas, the article aims to enhance the overall response to sexual violence within psychiatric settings, ensuring that victims receive the comprehensive support and care they need.
Orthorexia Nervosa and Perfectionism: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dönmez Ahmet
Published: April 2024

Orthorexia nervosa is described as a pathological fixation with healthy eating. Many risk factors contribute to the development of orthorexia nervosa. This study aimed to better understand the role of perfectionism in the development of orthorexia nervosa. In this context, studies on the relationship between orthorexia nervosa and perfectionism were reviewed. In the databases of PubMed, Wiley Online Library and Sage Journals and were searched. The keywords “orthorexia”, “orthorexia nervosa”, “pathologically healthy eating” and “perfectionism” were used in the search. As a result of the scanning, 17 articles on the relationship between orthorexia nervosa and perfectionism were examined. Studies were evaluated in terms of sample characteristics, study design, orthorexia nervosa measurement tools and study results. The results indicate that orthorexia nervosa and perfectionism are related. In addition, only one study found a weak relationship between ON and perfectionism. However, for more comprehensive findings on the relationship between orthorexia nervosa and perfectionism, cross-cultural studies are needed. Finally, the concept of perfectionism, which is effective in the development of orthorexia nervosa, may be a guide for effective treatment techniques.
Ethno-botanical exploration of wild edible plants used by tribal’s of Narsinghpur district, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Soni Rahul , Mohabe Satish
Published: April 2024

Present study reported 53 species of wild edible plants used by tribes of Narsinghpur district, Madhya Pradesh. These plants are highly nutritious and provide rural households with supplemental income opportunities. Domestication and value addition of such less known edible plant resources have suggested.
Pluchea sagittalis (Lam.) Cabrera (Asteraceae): An addition to Indian Flora
Authors: Singh Nidhan , Tiwari U. L. , Krishna Gopal
Published: April 2024

Pluchea sagittalis (Lam.) Cabrera is collected for the first time from Haryana, India. This species so far is known from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Florida, Paraguay, Trinidad-Tobago, Uruguay and Venezuela (POWO, 2023). A detailed description along with field photographs, and key to Indian species of Pluchea is provided for easy identification in the field.
Implementing blended learning to enhance the teaching of 3-dimensional trigonometry
Authors: Baidoo Joseph , Luneta Kakoma
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the impact of blended learning on the academic performance of grade 12 mathematics students with a focus on 3D trigonometry in comparison to traditional teaching methods. This research aims to understand the impact of technology on student outcomes influenced by the widespread use of technology in education. The study used an explanatory sequential mixed-method design to collect quantitative data from 381 grade 12 scripts and to obtain qualitative insights through interviews with 30 students and three mathematics teachers. This allowed for a more in-depth investigation of the effects of blended learning on student performance. According to statistical analysis, the results show a notable performance discrepancy with participants in blended learning outperforming their traditional teaching counterparts by an impressive mean difference of 19.2%.  These findings align with prior research emphasizing advantages such as heightened teacher availability, flexible learning schedules and improved problem-solving skills associated with blended learning. The study underscores the crucial role of technology integration in education, particularly in enhancing conceptual understanding and addressing errors in complex topics like 3D trigonometry. It highlights the effectiveness of blended learning in elevating academic achievement in mathematics and recommends its integration into conventional teaching methods. Additionally, the study recognizes the value of digital equity and promotes more access to technology in schools as a means of reducing the digital gap and improving student performance.
The Correlation between Threshold Cycle Values and Magnetic Beads Carried Over During DNA Extraction of Mastitis Milk Samples
Authors: Mohammed Abdelhameed Mohammed Farah , Almansoori Ahmed Eltigani , Zayed R. H. , T. Ibrahim Mohamed
Published: April 2024

Compared to conventional bacterial culture methods, PCR technology drastically alters disease diagnostics, and the use of magnetic beads in nucleic acid extraction and purification sparked a technological revolution in biological research. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between the cycle threshold (Ct) values of the real-time PCR reaction, which are employed as indicators of DNA concentration, and the magnetic beads that are carried over during the DNA extraction of mastitis pathogens from dairy cow milk samples. The Mag MAX™ CORE Nucleic Acid Purification Kit, one of the rabid and simple extraction methods that uses magnetic separation technique, was used to extract DNA, while applied Biosystems™ 7500 PCR equipment and applied Biosystems Vet MAX™ MastiType multiplex qPCR kits are utilized in DNA amplification. Eighty-five milk samples from cows with mastitis were obtained; of these, 53 samples (62.4%) had a normal DNA yield retrieved in which 79 microorganisms were identified; in contrast, 32 samples (37.6%) had a magnetic bead carried over from which there were 34 identified microorganisms. On the other hand, there were two samples (6.3%), and supernatants were unable to be obtained. To investigate the relation between cycle threshold and magnetic beads carried over during extraction, all data were analyzed by a T-test of independence, and it showed a significant difference in DNA concentration between each other (T-test =.066). The same data was retested by the Chi Square test, which showed the same significant result (Chi square =.054). This result highlighted the relationship between DNA concentration and magnetic bead carryover and its impact on DNA yield.
Soil Erosion Mapping and Severity Analysis Based on RUSLE Model on Welmel Catchments of Ganale-Dewa River Basin Bale Lowland South Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Ketema Tesfaye , Chimdesa Chala , Eshetu Mulugeta , Gosa Regassa , Abagaja Daneil
Published: April 2024

Soil erosion is a kind of environmental deterioration, decreased agricultural output, increased floods, and habitat loss, soil degradation has an impact on many people's livelihoods, either directly or indirectly. There isn't precise scientific research that gives information, identifying locations that are susceptible to soil erosion is also insufficient in welmel watershed. Through the use of a geographic information system (GIS), remote sensing (RS), and numerous characteristics such as land uses, and climate, this study has attempted to identify prospective places in need of SWC techniques by undertaking a spatial modeling of soil erosion within the Welmel watershed's Genale Dawa basin. It made use of data from a digital elevation model (DEM) on interpolated rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), plant cover (C), topography (LS), and conservation practices (P) from satellite pictures. The study demonstrates that the RUSLE using GIS taking into account various climates and land management practices. An estimated 546,769.92 tons of top, productive soil are lost from the watershed each year at an average rate of 32 t ha -1 year-1 of soil erosion. The percentage of the watershed from moderate to extremely high soil erosion rates was calculated to be 3.42%. The local people should quickly put into place soil conservation measures on their agricultural lands by employing a variety of soil preservation techniques, such as mulching, strip cropping, terracing, contour plowing, multiple cropping, and other conventional indigenous soil conservation practices.
Economic Analysis of Sugarcane Production in District Basti of Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Kumar Pal Rajat
Published: April 2024

Sugarcane is the major cash crop of Uttar Pradesh. Study on economic analysis of sugarcane production in district Basti of Uttar Pradesh has been carried out. The cost of cultivation and profitability of sugarcane crop on marginal, small and large farmers have been estimated using the procedure suggested by Commission of Agricultural Cost and Prices (CACP).
Effect of Growth Regulators on Flower Quality Parameters in African Marigold cv Culcatta Orange
Authors: R. Wadagave Anuradha , Sateesh R. P. , Jhanavi D. R. , U. Pujar Deepa
Published: April 2024

An experiment was carried out during winter season in Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design with 5 treatments or growth regulators of different concentrations along with one control as water spray. Gibberellic acid (G1- GA3 at 200 ppm), NAA (G2- at 60 ppm), Cycocel (G3- CCC at 1000 ppm) and TIBA at 1000 ppm (G4) replicated thrice to evaluate the effect of these plant growth regulators on flower quality parameters like flower diameter, individual weight of the flower and vase life was varied significantly due to various growth regulators. Flower quality parameters were best in the plants sprayed with GA3 at 200 ppm. In the present study maximum chlorophyl and xanthophyll contents were noticed in the plants sprayed with the GA3 at 200 ppm, followed by CCC at 1000 ppm in various crop periods.
Comparative Evaluation of Photosynthetic Efficiency among Leaf Orientation of Castor (Ricinus communis) and Redgram (Cajanus cajan)
Authors: Kalaignan Kalaichelvi , Rao D. Sambasiva , Prabhaharan J. , Singh R. Durai
Published: April 2024

In castor (Ricinus communis), top leaf adjacent to spike (flag leaf) was observed with higher photosynthetic rate (19.17 µ mol/m2 /Sec) followed by middle leaf (13.81) and bottom leaf (13.82) and young leaf (6.32). This showed the translocation of source to the sink. Transpiration rate is in the range of 5.57 m mol/m2 /Sec. Stomatal conductance also not much varied with top, middle, bottom and young leaf. Redgram (Cajanus cajan) was reported with a Photosynthetic rate was same as castor (19.86). Transpiration rate (6.48) and stomatal conductance of 0.53 mol /sec which is slightly lesser than castor. Young leaf expressed very less physiological activity photosynthesis of 1.79, Transpiration rate of 1.43 and very less stomatal conductance (0.08) than top leaf and lower leaf.
Evaluation of Hygienic Quality of Yoghurt Sold in Local Market in Sana'a City- Yemen
Authors: Qasem Alsebaeai Mohammed, Ahmed , Algadri Mohammed , Hajeb Abdulnaser , Kaid Mohammed , Al Asli Mohammed , Rokan Waleed , Swaid Talal , Haider Sara , Alshadadi Neven , Shoga a Aldeen Haneen , Al Deen awan Hamed , Al Absi Tasbeeh , Alqershi Heba , Alrefai Roua
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to Evaluate the Hygienic Quality of Yoghurt Sold in local markets in Sana'a City- Yemen. A total of five random samples of yoghurt were collected from the local markets in Sana'a City- Yemen to assess the hygienic quality of yoghurt. All samples were examined for Physicochemical Parameters, Microbial Content and Sensory Evaluation. The experiment was conducted in two nutrition laboratories; Al-Razi University Laboratory and the Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory of First Science Center for Testing and Consultation, Sana'a - Yemen. The results given revealed that the Whey layer (ml) ranged between (0.51-1.21%), while the Net weight ranged from (167.83 - 202.23 g). There were variations among the fat content, as it ranged from 2.1 % to 5.3 %. The total aerobic mesophilic bacterial count varied between 3.1 ×10cfu/g. - 3.9×10^2 cfu/g. the yeasts and mould were analysed from the examined yoghurt samples with a count that was ranged less than 10 cfu/g, while Total coliform count and E.coli weren't detected. All samples showed ideal and consistent quality in terms of texture, appearance, colour, flavour and taste in the quality assessment test. These findings suggest that yogurt traded in whole sale markets in Sana'a City- Yemen have good microbiological quality control.
Anaplasma marginale: Detection, Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Major Surface Protein 5 from Buffalo Isolates in South Coastal Region of Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Saikumar Gangitla , Likitha N. , Sharmila G. , Surekha V. Navya , Rajesh Y. V. S.
Published: April 2024

The intracellular pathogen Anaplasma marginale is one of the main causing agents of bovine anaplasmosis, a mild to severe haemolytic illness that causes significant economic damage in both dairy and meat sectors. Although there have been several reports of anaplasmosis outbreaks in Andhra Pradesh, the molecular studies on A. marginale in the state are minimal. Therefore, we aim to detect and characterize the rickettsia organism. From 2022- 2023, we collected a total of 103 blood samples from buffalos showing clinical signs of bovine anaplasmosis across four districts in south coastal region of Andhra Pradesh, India. Upon blood smear examination bovine anaplasmosis was detected in 15.53% of cases, while the msp5 gene-based polymerase chain reaction assay detected A. marginale in 32.0% of cases. The coding region of msp5 gene from four field isolates was sequenced. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that, three of the present study isolates were in one clade and clustered with isolates from Kerala, Uttar Pradesh and Thailand while one isolate clustered separately with isolates from Tamil Nadu, Tirupati and Sohag. The PCR assay was shown to be more sensitive than standard diagnostic techniques. Therefore, it might be employed as a tool in large-scale epidemiological surveys to detect animals in the carrier and subclinical states. The current data may also be useful in vaccine development studies.
Effect of Spacing and Detopping on Seed Yield of Sunhemp
Authors: A. Khobragade Shubham , Mankar D. D. , Gawande S. N.
Published: April 2024

The study entitled “Effect of spacing and detopping on seed yield of Sunhemp” was conducted in Kharif 2023 in split plot design with four replications. Two factors were studied viz., Spacing (S1- 45 cm x 10 cm, S2- 45 cm x 15 cm, S3- 60 cm x 10 cm) in main plots and detopping (D1- Control, D2- 45 DAS and D3- 60 DAS) in sub plots. The individual plant performance with respect to number of branches plant-1, dry matter accumulation plant-1, and days to 50 % flowering was found maximum under the spacing of 60 cm x 10 cm whereas seed yield ha-1 and stalk yield ha-1 was obtained maximum and significantly higher with the spacing 45 cm x 10 cm. Detopping at 45 DAS recorded maximum reduction in plant height and recorded maximum branches plant-1 and dry matter accumulation plant-1, while number of capsule plant-1 found maximum under topping at 60 DAS. Seed yield plant-1 and test weight recorded maximum under the detopping at 45 at DAS. Seed yield ha-1 found maximum under detopping at 45 DAS while, stalk yield ha-1 was found maximum under detopping at 60 DAS. As regards of economics, spacing of 45 cm x 10 cm (S1) recorded highest gross monetary returns (77136 Rs ha-1) and net monetary returns (55312 Rs ha-1), while detopping at 45 DAS (D1) recorded maximum and significantly higher gross monetary return and net monetary returns.
Pathogenicity, Phytotoxicity and Enzymatic Potential of Sorghum Grain Mold Pathogens
Authors: Timmanna Bhat Medha , Shishupala S.
Published: April 2024

Sorghum grain mold disease is a serious threat for sorghum cultivation. Being a complex disease involving many fungi, basic understanding of pathogenicity is essential. In the present investigation, 14 sorghum seed samples were tested by dry seed examination and blotter method for the presence of fungi. The results revealed prominent infection of Alternaria spp. (21%) and Fusarium spp. (23%). In seedling pathogenicity test Drechslera sp. reduced vigour index significantly by reducing shoot and root lengths. Phytotoxicity of selected fungi in detached leaf bioassay revealed toxicity to monocot leaves. The Curvularia sp., Drechslera sp., and Fusarium sp. induced necrosis in rice, sorghum and sugarcane leaves. Enzymatic potential of selected fungi was realised in plate assay. The Drechslera sp. and Fusarium sp. are prominent producers of enzymes essential for pathogenicity. The present work demonstrated wide occurrence of grain mold pathogens in sorghum seed samples and also assessed their pathogenicity. The detached leaf bioassay and enzyme plate assays were useful in the detection of virulence in fungal isolates.
Extent of Variability, Correlation and Path Studies among Different Ginger Genotypes Grown under Shade Net
Authors: Shekharagouda Patil Netravathi , Ramesh G. , Hugar Ashok , Tembhurne B. V.
Published: April 2024

The experiment was taken up to elicit the information on performance of different ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) varieties under shade net condition. The trial was conducted in the shade net of the Department of Horticulture, college of Agriculture, Raichur, Karnataka. Eleven varieties of ginger were evaluated in RBD with three replications during kharif season of 2018-19. Karnataka. The growth performance of eleven varieties indicated significant variation at all the stages of crop growth under shade net condition. Highest h2 was associated with the characters like weight of secondary rhizomes (90.58), yield per hectare (89.06), leaf area (87.64), number of leaves per plant (85.40), number of tillers per plant (76.64), weight of primary rhizomes (74.81) and oleoresin content (71.09). The correlation studies carried out by considering various growth and yield parameters established the highly significant and positive correlation of rhizome yield with plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, plant girth, leaf area, number of primary rhizomes, number of secondary rhizomes, weight of primary rhizomes, weight of secondary rhizomes and Oleoresin content. The characters leaf area, weight of primary rhizomes, number of tillers, weight of secondary rhizomes, plant height, plant girth oleoresin and dry rhizome recovery had their direct positive influence on the rhizome yield. However, number of leaves, number of primary rhizomes and number of secondary rhizomes had their direct negative influence on the rhizome yield.
Assessment of Ground water Quality with Special Focus on Fluoride Contamination and its Remediation Methods in India:A Comprehensive Review
Authors: G. Iyer Dipti , P. Meshram Vaishali , U. Meshram Pravin
Published: April 2024

High fluoride levels beyond the permissible World Health Organization (WHO) limit of 1.5mg/l has been observed in various states of India. The present study gathered all the information for fluoride concentration in ground water from secondary data source or from various literatures in India and different part of the globe. Fluoride in drinking water is both positive and negative effects on health. The paper presents the current information on fluoride in environment and its effects on human health and existing methods for defluoridation.
Microbial Technology Based Sustainable Pigeon Pea Crop Management under Environmental Stress
Authors: Singh Shraddha , Lawrence Rubina , Jeyakumar Ebenezer
Published: April 2024

The Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), a perennial legume crop belonging to the family Fabaceae, has been affected by multiple abiotic and biotic constraints in recent decades. The Pigeon pea legume provides multiple nutrient source legumes for human foods. Crop productivity worldwide has reduced due to unbeatable alterations and un-rhythmic environmental change. Nutrients, light, agrochemicals, temperature, water, and heavy metals are commonly reported environmental constraints in the last few years that adversely influenced legume Pigeon pea plant health and harvest efficiency worldwide. The excessive application of agrochemicals in agricultural fields poses grave threats to soil fertility and led to land degradation worldwide. Leguminous plants have the remarkable ability to work with special nodule-living bacteria in their roots and to gather or fix atmospheric nitrogen. Through this phenomenal process, inert nitrogen gas is taken from the inexhaustible supply in the air and used by plants to build amino acids and proteins essential to life. Because nitrogen fertiliser is the most expensive input for food production, the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) approach is a very attractive alternative to expensive nitrogen chemical fertilisers. This review encompasses an in-depth analysis of environmentally friendly disease management practises including integrated pest and disease management approaches, biological control methods, and the use of resistant cultivars. Recent advancements in microbial fertilizer technology have opened new avenues of augmentation in stress agricultural productivity. Thus, in this article, we will explore recent advancements in legume growth that support microbial technology under stress environments.
Burden of Isoniazid Monoresistant Tuberculosis in Sputum Sample of Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Center, Trichy, India
Authors: Vaishaini S. Senthil , Gnanaguru P. , Lakshmi K.
Published: April 2024

In drug resistant tuberculosis (DRTB), Rifampicin resistance has always been prioritized hence Cartridge Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (CBNAAT) is recommended. However, since it doesn’t detect isoniazid resistance, rifampicin sensitive patients with unknown isoniazid status may be erroneously treated as drug sensitive TB leading to poor treatment outcomes and emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) TB. Hence this study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of isoniazid monoresistant TB and to find out the level of isoniazid resistance using Line probe assay (LPA). A total of 3227 consecutive sputum samples of patients between July 2023 and December 2023 were enrolled for the study. The samples were subjected to smear microscopy, CBNAAT and LPA (Line Probe Assay) and the results were documented. In our study the prevalence of isoniazid monoresistance was estimated to be 8.2%. Among isoniazid monoresistance the prevalence of high level resistance was 65.7% and that of low level resistance was 31.5%. This shows that isoniazid monoresistance forms a major chunk of DRTB, with majority of patients having high level resistance to isoniazid. Thus, LPA serves as a rapid diagnostic tool especially for the detection of isoniazid monoresistance.
Molecular Characterization and Plasmid Profile of Antibiotics Resistant Genes in Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Clinical Specimens
Authors: Kasi Robinson Victor , Okpokiri M. , Osakuade F. O. , Wemedo S. A.
Published: April 2024

One of the global health challenges is the antibiotic-resistant pattern exhibited by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study aimed to characterize S. aureus and P. aeruginosa from clinical specimens using molecular methods and to carry out plasmid profiles of antibiotic-resistant genes. Twenty isolates comprised of 10 S. aureus and 10 P. aeruginosa isolates from clinical specimens which exhibited multi-drug resistance were collected from the Department of Microbiology, Rivers State University. Polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing were employed to identify the isolates. Additionally, plasmid profiling was conducted to examine the presence of mecA, TEM, CTX-M and NDM-1 genes in the plasmid and the eno gene. Results showed that the 16S rRNA of the isolates showed a 99-100% similarity to the isolates of S. aureus with accession numbers (AF065394.1, NC007795.1, KV829593.1, NZJXHU01000160.1, KV841461.1, CP031670.1, CP031664.1, BX571856.1, AP017922.1 and CP003045.1) and P. aeruginosa (CP104590.1, NR026078.1, MN911415.1, CP007224.1, NZCP041945.1, NSPN01000008.1, NZNIZN01000087.1, KY086497.1, KJ482599.1, and KJ482590.1), respectively. Results of the plasmid profiling showed that 90% of the isolates possessed the blaTem gene, 40% of P. aeruginosa possessed New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM-1), 80% of both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa possessed the CTX-M gene while 40% of the S. aureus isolates possessed the mecA gene. Results also showed that 55% of all the isolates possessed the eno gene. The identification of plasmid-borne resistant genes emphasizes the need for continued surveillance and control measures to mitigate the spread of antibiotic resistance in healthcare settings.
The Potential Evaluation of Mycorrhizal Inoculation on the Growth of Young Cocoa Plants (Theobroma cacao L.) Hybrid P7 x IMC67 in Greenhouse
Authors: Kadanga Pana , Tchabi Atti , Ablede Komlan Adigninou , M BOUMBA Etienne Blaise , Exonam Ametefe Komivi , Kondow Moubarak
Published: April 2024

This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of mycorrhizal inoculation alone or in combination with biofertilizers on the growth of cocoa seedlings. The study was carried out in the greenhouse at the Station d'Expérimentations Agronomiques of the University of Lomé from December 2020 to May 2021 following a completely randomized design. Cocoa beans (hybrid P7 x IMC67) were sown on substrates inoculated with Rhizophagus aggregatum and Ben 10 strains at a single dose of 500 spores/pot or combined with two biofertilizers: FERTIPLUS (100 g/pot), AGROBIO (75 g/pot). The seedlings were monitored and their agronomic performance measured. The results show a good mycorrhization rate, 63.67% for R. aggregatum, 62% for Ben 10, 67% for R. agrgregatum + AGROBIO and 60.34% for Ben 10 + AGROBIO with mycorrhizal dependencies of 18.70%; 18.72%; 35.75% and 41.15% respectively. Furthermore, the results showed that the application of both mycorrhizal strains (R. aggregatum and Ben 10) alone or in combination with AGROBIO induced a significant increase (p < 0.05) in total fresh biomass, total dry biomass, height, colar circumference and number of leaves compared with the control. However, application of FERTIPLUS alone or in combination with the two mycorrhizal strains significantly (p < 0.05) depressed total fresh biomass, total dry biomass, height, crown circumference, taproot length and number of leaves compared with the control. This study shows that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi provide important benefits to the plant, and can be used to improve the growth of young cocoa plants.
Character Association, Direct and Indirect Effects Studies for Growth, Yield and Quality Traits in French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Jhanavi D. R. , Patil H. B. , Anuradha R. W. , Ranjita B. M.
Published: April 2024

An experiment of Correlation and Path analysis studies in French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for twenty one characters were studied in 36 genotypes collected from IIHR, Hesaraghatta, conducted at department of vegetable science, College of Horticulture, Bagalkot duing rabi season. Correlation studies revealed total yield per plant was found to be positively and significantly (at p=0.01) associated with characters like plant height at, number of primary branches, plant spread, pod length, pod flesh thickness, number of seeds per pod, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per cluster, number of pods per plant, weight of ten pods, dry matter content of pods and number of root nodules per plant. Path analysis studies revealed that significant positive association at genotypic level was observed with number of clusters per plant, number of pods per cluster, weight of ten pods and pod length had exhibited true association with direct effect on yield per plant.
Influence of A Complex of Environmental Factors on the Health Indicators of Lyceum Students in Various Regions of the Republic of Karakalpakstan
Authors: Baxitbaevich Ramazanov Medetbay
Published: April 2024

The article provides information about the impact of a complex of environmental factors on the health indicators of lyceum students in various regions of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. Analysis of the results obtained for various ecological zones will allow us to consider in more detail the dependence of morbidity rates among the adolescent population of Karakalpakstan on the influence of environmental factors. Living in the Shumanai and Chimbay regions of the republic entails a number of stress reactions for the teenager’s body, determined by the influence of the studied factors.
Evaluation of Fungicides and Bioagents against Alternaria Leaf Spot (Alternaria cucumerina (Ellis and Everh.) Elliott) Disease in Bottle Gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.] under Field Conditions
Authors: S. Kammar Aishwarya , Basavarajappa M. P. , Mesta R. K. , Ramangouda S. H. , Evoor Shashikanth
Published: April 2024

A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2019 in medium red soil under irrigated conditions in order to find out the effective fungicide for control of the Alternaria leaf spot of bottle gourd caused by A. cucumerina. Among the six fungicides and one bioagent tested viz, Mancozeb, Propineb, Hexaconzole, Propiconozole, Tebuconazole, Captan + hexaconozole, Trichoderma harzianum, hexaconozole @ 0.1 % recorded least PDI (23.60) followed by propiconozole @ 0.05 % (24.84). With respect to per cent disease reduction over control, maximum disease reduction was recorded by hexaconozole @ 0.1 % (55.21 %) followed by propiconozole @ 0.05 % (52.86 %). The least PDI was noticed in Trichoderma harzianum @ 0.5 % (34.81%). The data with respect to yield revealed that maximum yield (15.78t/ha) was also recorded in case of propiconozole @ 0.05 per cent, with the B C ratio 2.38 followed by hexaconozole @ 0.1 per cent (14.23t/ha) with B C ratio 2.06.
Genetic Characterization for Quantitative and Qualitative Traits and its Relationship in French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Jhanavi D. R. , Patil H. B. , Anuradha R. W. , Ruli Shasikala
Published: April 2024

An experiment comprising of thirty six diverse French bean genotypes were evaluated for genetic variability, correlation and path analysis for pod yield and its contributing traits. The analysis of variance was significant (p=0.01) for all characters indicated higher magnitude of variability. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was recorded for the pod width, number of pods/plant, weight of ten pods, yield /plant and protein content. Total yield per plant was found to be positively and significantly associated with plant height, pod length, pod flesh thickness, number of seeds per pod, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per cluster, number of pods per plant, weight of ten pods. Positive association at genotypic level among the traits viz., number of clusters per plant, number of pods per cluster, weight of ten pods and pod length had exhibited true association with direct effect on yield per plant. The inter cluster D2 value was maximum (395.94) between cluster II and Cluster V indicating that these genotypes could be used in hybridization programme to obtain transgressive segregants.
Effect of Forming Pressure on “Hardness” of Peda
Authors: R. Chaudhari Anilkumar , Patel Sunil , Koshta Vivek
Published: April 2024

The rich tradition of indigenous dairy products in India, deeply intertwined with societal and cultural practices, faces challenges in the organized dairy sector. Hindrances include a lack of mechanized production, labor-intensive methods, absence of quality standards, and poor shelf life. However, the manufacturing of these products holds immense promise, presenting an opportunity to increase their value by 200%, compared to Western counterparts. Indigenous dairy consumption is anticipated to grow at over 20% annually, surpassing the 5 to 10% growth rates of Western dairy products. The renowned Khoa-Peda, a sweet from Mathura, exemplifies this potential. Made from Khoa, sugar, cardamom powder, and nuts, it boasts a long shelf life and diverse market variants. Efficient production processes and increased demand for indigenous dairy products could not only enhance economic value but also generate substantial employment opportunities, fostering a thriving industry.
Rapid invitro Propagation of Bambusa balcooa Roxb. (Bamboo)
Authors: G. Waghmare Vaibhav , K. Raut Vijay , N. Kale Anil , K. Awachare Pratapsinh
Published: April 2024

Production of bamboo plants by using vegetative propagation is not simple to establish a commercial fields however micropropagation techniques has much ability to achieve the bamboo seedling demands. In vitro cultures of Bambusa balcooa were achieved by using nodal segment as an explant. Eight different combinations of plant growth regulators with MS basal medium were used for shoot induction and multiplication. The medium with concentrations of BAP 1.5 mg/L + Kin 1.5 mg/L has gave maximum response for shoot induction (5.67) and also for shoot multiplication (13.67). For root induction five different IBA concentrations with MS basal medium ware evaluated. Maximum number of roots (6.34), highest root length (5.67) and more number of leaves (7.68) was obtained from MS basal medium containing 2.0 mg/L IBA. The well rooted in vitro regenerated plantlets of Bambusa balcooa are further hardened in soil: vermicompost: coco-peat as (1:1:1) proportion medium for primary hardening and riverbed sand: soil: farmyard manure as 1:1:1 proportion medium for secondary hardening. From the total hardened plantlets 90 % plantlets survived well after the secondary hardening stage.