bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties of ethanolic extracts of three plants of Benin pharmacopoeia: Euphorbia hirta, Citrus aurantifolia and Heterotis rotundifolia
Authors: ROKO Oladélé Gautier , DOUGNON Victorien Tamègnon , KLOTOE Jean Robert , BABA-MOUSSA Lamine
Published: October 2019

Objective Euphorbia hirta , Citrus aurantifolia and Heterotis rotundifolia are commonly used in Benin in the treatment of infectious diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties of ethanolic extracts of these plants. The study was performed on wistar rats with 200 mg/kg b.w.Results Administration of these extracts prevents edema inflammatory induced by 2% formalin in rat paw. Inhibition percentages of edema vary between 23.67% and 86.76% for the three extracts. These extracts have similar anti-inflammatory activity (p> 0.05) to that of diclofenac at 50 mg/kg. Analgesic activity show that these extracts inhibit very significantly (p<0.001) the pain induced by 3% acetic acid and the highest inhibition percentage is 60.34% (Citrus aurantifolia ). This percentage is like to that of acetylsalicylic acid (67.35%) administered at the same dose. Likewise, these extracts attenuate significantly (p <0.05) the thermal pain induced by tail immersion of each rat in hot water at 50°C. Indeed, these extracts, reduces very significantly (p <0.001) pyrexia induced by 20% beer yeast suspension in rats and they have similar effect (p> 0.05) to that of acetylsalicylic acid at the fourth hour. These results prove, some traditional therapeutic indications of these plants.
Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Fall-related Injuries: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Mekkodathil Ahammed , El-Menyar Ayman , Kanbar Ahad , Hakim Suhail , Ahmed Khalid , Siddiqui Tariq , Al-Thani Hassan
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND Fall-related injuries are important public health problem worldwide. We aimed to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of fall-related injuries in a level 1 trauma center.METHOD A retrospective analysis of Qatar Trauma Registry data was conducted on patients admitted for fall-related injuries between 2010 and 2017. Comparative analyses of data by gender, age-groups and height of falls were performed to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients, and in-hospital outcomes.RESULTS A total of 4040 patients with fall-related injuries were identified in the study duration which corresponds to the rate of 2.41 per 10,000 population in Qatar. The rate of fall injuries decreased over the years by 39%. The mean age of patients was 32.9±18.26 years. Males were predominant (89%), more likely to fall at workplace, fall from a greater height and experience polytrauma than females (p=0.001). Working age-group (20-59 years) were the major victims (73%). Most of the injuries were to the head (36%) followed by spines (29%) and chest (23%). Overall in-hospital mortality was 3%CONCLUSION Fall-related injuries remain as a significant burden in trauma center. Variations in pattern of injuries by age, gender and height of fall provide important information for targeted preventive measures.
Determinants of Clean Birthing Practices in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: a Scoping Review
Authors: Mills Joanna Esteves , Flynn Erin , Cumming Oliver , Dreibelbis Robert
Published: October 2019

Background Infection is a leading cause of maternal and newborn mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Clean birthing practices are fundamental to infection prevention efforts, but these are inadequate in LMIC. This scoping study reviews the literature on studies that describe determinants of clean birthing practices of healthcare workers or mothers during the perinatal period in LMIC. Methods We reviewed literature published between January 2000 and February 2018 providing information on behaviour change interventions, behaviours or behavioural determinants during the perinatal period in LMIC. Following a multi-stage screening process, we extracted key data manually from studies. We mapped identified determinants according to the COM-B behavioural framework, which posits that behaviour is shaped by three categories of determinants – capability, opportunity and motivation. Results 78 studies were included: 47 observational studies and 31 studies evaluating an intervention. 51% had a household or community focus, 28% had a healthcare facility focus and 21% focused on both. We identified 31 determinants of clean birthing practices. Determinants related to clean birthing practices as a generalised set of behaviours featured in 50 studies; determinants related specifically to one or more of six predefined behaviours – commonly referred to as “the six cleans” – featured in 31 studies. Determinants of hand hygiene (n=13) and clean cord care (n=11) were most commonly reported. Reported determinants across all studies clustered around psychological capability (knowledge) and physical opportunity (access to resources). However, greater heterogeneity in reported behavioural determinants was found across studies investigating specific clean birthing practices compared to those studying clean birthing as a generalised set of behaviours. Conclusions Efforts to combine clean birthing practices into a single suite of behaviours – such as the “six cleans”– may simplify policy and advocacy efforts. However, each clean practice has a unique set of determinants and understanding what drives or hinders the adoption of these individual practices is critical to designing more effective interventions to improve hygiene behaviours and neonatal and maternal health outcomes in LMIC. Current understanding in this regard remains limited. More theory-grounded formative research is required to understand motivators and social influences across different contexts.
The levels and trends of raised total cholesterol at national and sub-national scale in Iran from 1990 to 2016: systematic review and pooled analysis
Authors: Mehdipour Parinaz , Sepanlou Sadaf G. , Mohebi Farnam , Ahmadvand Alireza , Peykari Niloofar , Djalalinia Shirin , Rezaei-Darzi Ehsan , Moradi Yousef , Haghshenas Rosa , Naderimagham Shohreh , Jamshidi Hamidreza , Farzadfar Farshad
Published: October 2019

Raised serum cholesterol is a main risk factor for all-cause and cardiovascular-attributable mortality and morbidity in all nations, particularly in developing countries. Effective policy making in this regard requires detailed data to distinguish disparities and specific patterns. Thus, we aimed to estimate the level and trends of serum cholesterol level and raised total cholesterol prevalence at subnational level from 1990 to 2016 in Iran.We conducted a comprehensive systematic review, through which we detected nine national surveillances, seven large-scale population-based studies, and 88 studies published in databases. We conducted a two-stage model: an Age-Spatio-Temporal model and a Gaussian Process Regression to estimate mean total cholesterol (TC). We used crosswalk to estimate prevalence of raised total cholesterol based on estimated mean, defined as TC higher than 200 mg/dL. All estimations were done in subgroups with sex, age, year, and province combinations.At national level, the number of adults with raised total cholesterol decreased from 10·5 (9·8 – 11·5) million (5·2 million in women) in 1990 to 9·9 (9·0 – 10·6) million (5·4 million in women) in 2016. Age standardized prevalence of raised total cholesterol at national level has decreased from 57·2% (95% CI: 53·3 – 61·1) to 22·4% (20·5 – 24·3) in women and from 53·2% (49·1 – 57·3) to 18·0% (16·4 – 19·6) in men between 1990 and 2016. From 1990 to 2016, age standardized mean TC in both men and women has decreased from 197·3 mg/dL (186·1 – 209·4) to 168·5 (160·7 – 176·7) and from 202·5 mg/dL (191·2 – 214·6) to 174·5 mg/dL (166·6 – 182·8), respectively. In both sexes, population growth had the highest contribution to increase in number of adults with high TC.Decrease in raised TC is likely the result of statin widespread use, food industry improvements, and the expanded primary health care of the country. Provided data at subnational level would help with further evidence-based and population-specific policy making to ensure the continuation of this successful experience, particularly targeting inter-gender and inter-provincial differences. Finally, the increased number of adults with TC slightly below the 200 mg/dL cutoff is threat for the healthcare that should be systematically managed.
The differential expression patterns of paralogs in response to stresses indicate expression and sequence divergences
Authors: Lian Shuaibin , Zhou Yongjie , Liu Zixiao , Gong Andong , Cheng Lin
Published: October 2019

Background Theoretically, paralogous genes generated through whole genome duplications should share identical expression levels due to their identical sequences and chromatin environments. However, functional divergences and expression differences have arisen due to selective pressures and evolutional stresses. A comprehensive investigation of the expression patterns of paralogous gene pairs in response to various stresses and a study of correlations between the expression levels and sequence divergences of the paralogs are needed.Results In this study, we analyzed the expression patterns of paralogous genes under different types of stress and investigated the correlations between the expression levels and sequence divergences of the paralogs. Firstly, we analyzed the differential expression patterns of the paralogs under four different types of stress (drought, cold, infection, and herbivory) and classified them into three types according to their expression patterns. Secondly, we further analyzed the differential expression patterns under various degrees of stress and constructed the corresponding co-expression networks of differentially expressed paralogs and transcription factors. Thirdly, we investigated the correlations between the expression levels and sequence divergences of the paralogs and identified positive correlations between expression level and sequence divergence. With regard to the sequence divergence, we identified correlations between selective pressure and phylogenetic relationship.Conclusions These results shed light on differential expression patterns of paralogs in response to environmental stresses and are helpful for understanding the relations between expression levels and sequences divergences.
Bilateral hypocalcemic cataract after total thyroidectomy in a young woman: Case report
Authors: daba kumale tolesa , Michael Dagmawit Kifle W/ , Mulugeta Gersam Abera
Published: October 2019

Background: Hypocalcemia is a derangement in serum calcium level due to a vast spectrum of disorders, but the most common cause is surgery, usually thyroid gland surgery. Symptoms of hypocalcemia can be due to increased neuromuscular excitation resulting in tetany, paresthesia or seizure. It can also be because of deposition of calcium in soft tissues producing reduced vision /cataract or calcification of basal ganglia. Cataract is the most common ocular symptom of hypocalcemia. Case report: A twenty-six years old Ethiopian female patient presented with painless reduction of vision of both eyes. Five years prior to the reduction of vision she was diagnosed to have hypocalcemia. The serum calcium level was very low (3mg/dl) due to damage to the parathyroid gland during total thyroidectomy for toxic goiter. She has been on supplemental calcium gluconate twice daily. She had typical bilateral symmetrical posterior sub capsular cataract with punctate iridescent opacities in the anterior and posterior cortex of the lens. Systemic examination revealed horizontal surgical scar on the anterior neck and positive Chvostek sign. Key words: Hypocalcemia, bilateral cataract, total thyroidectomy, hypoparathyroidism, tetany, serum calcium and Ethiopia.
Recombinant Protein Production in Microalgae: Emerging Trends
Authors: Ahmad Niaz , Mehmood Muhammad Aamer , Malik Sana
Published: October 2019

:

In recent years, microalgae have emerged as an alternative platform for large-scale
production of recombinant proteins for different commercial applications. As a production
platform, it has several advantages, including rapid growth, easily scale up and ability to grow with
or without the external carbon source. Genetic transformation of several species has been
established. Of these, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has become significantly attractive for its
potential to express foreign proteins inexpensively. All its three genomes – nuclear, mitochondrial
and chloroplastic – have been sequenced. As a result, a wealth of information about its genetic
machinery, protein expression mechanism (transcription, translation and post-translational
modifications) is available. Over the years, various molecular tools have been developed for the
manipulation of all these genomes. Various studies show that the transformation of the chloroplast
genome has several advantages over nuclear transformation from the biopharming point of view.
According to a recent survey, over 100 recombinant proteins have been expressed in algal
chloroplasts. However, the expression levels achieved in the algal chloroplast genome are generally
lower compared to the chloroplasts of higher plants. Work is therefore needed to make the algal
chloroplast transformation commercially competitive. In this review, we discuss some examples
from the algal research, which could play their role in making algal chloroplast commercially
successful.
Expression of a Functional Recombinant Human Glycogen Debranching Enzyme (hGDE) in N. benthamiana Plants and in Hairy Root Cultures
Authors: Rodriguez-Hernandez Meilyn , Triggiani Doriana , Ivison Fiona , Demurtas Olivia C. , Illiano Elena , Marino Carmela , Franconi Rosella , Massa Silvia
Published: October 2019

Background:

Glycogen storage disease type III (GSDIII, Cori/Forbes disease) is a metabolic disorder due to the deficiency of the Glycogen Debranching Enzyme (GDE), a large monomeric protein (about 176 kDa) with two distinct enzymatic activities: 4-α-glucantransferase and amylo-α-1,6-glucosidase. Several mutations along the amylo-alpha-1,6-glucosidase,4-alphaglucanotransferase (Agl) gene are associated with loss of enzymatic activity. The unique treatment for GSDIII, at the moment, is based on diet. The potential of plants to manufacture exogenous engineered compounds for pharmaceutical purposes, from small to complex protein molecules such as vaccines, antibodies and other therapeutic/prophylactic entities, was shown by modern biotechnology through “Plant Molecular Farming”.

Objective/method:

In an attempt to develop novel protein-based therapeutics for GSDIII, the Agl gene, encoding for the human GDE (hGDE) was engineered for expression as a histidinetagged GDE protein both in Nicotiana benthamiana plants by a transient expression approach, and in axenic hairy root in vitro cultures (HR) from Lycopersicum esculentum and Beta vulgaris.

Results:

In both plant-based expression formats, the hGDE protein accumulated in the soluble fraction of extracts. The plant-derived protein was purified by affinity chromatography in native conditions showing glycogen debranching activity.

Conclusion:

These investigations will be useful for the design of a new generation of biopharmaceuticals based on recombinant GDE protein that might represent, in the future, a possible therapeutic option for GSDIII.
The Potential Role of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy as Clinical Biomarkers in Schizophrenia
Authors: Chou Po-Han , Huang Chun-Jun , Sun Chia-Wei
Published: October 2019

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a recently developed technique that can measure
hemoglobin changes in the cerebral cortex, and fNIRS-based research in psychiatry has been progressing rapidly.
fNIRS is advantageous in its noninvasiveness, ease of administration, tolerance of small movements, inexpensiveness,
strong signal correlations with fMRI signals, and in providing imaging with excellent time resolution
and moderate spatial resolution. However, fNIRS has several disadvantages, such as low spatial resolution and
shallower measurements in brain regions compared with other functional neuroimaging techniques (e.g. functional
magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography). Therefore, fNIRS may be a candidate instrument
for clinical use in psychiatry, as it can measure brain activity in a clinical setting. Moreover, previous studies
have demonstrated that altered brain activity in the prefrontal cortex is associated with clinical symptoms and
functional outcomes in patients with schizophrenia, suggesting that fNIRS could be used as a potential biomarker.
Future studies aimed at exploring fNIRS differences in different clinical stages, longitudinal changes, medication
effects, variations during different cognitive task paradigms, cross-cultural comparisons, and applying more delicate
statistical analytic methodologies are warranted to develop more accurate biomarkers that can be applied in
clinical practice for differential diagnosis, monitoring symptoms, predicting functional outcomes, and the personalized
decision regarding treatment options in patients with schizophrenia.
Synthesis of New Curcumin-like Pentadienones by O- and C-glycosylation
Authors: Gonçalves Carolina P. , Michalik Dirk , Almeida Manuel , Ribeiro Anderson O. , Quincoces José A.
Published: October 2019

A new method for the preparation of three new curcumin analogues is described by the connection of pentadienones to carbohydrate units. From L-Rhamnose and D-Galactose, several functionalization reactions were performed to obtain the desired sugar units. The sugars 8, 18 and 19, after obtained, were used as starting material for the association with curcumin-derived pentadienones, thus giving rise to three new chalcones 9 by O-glycosylation, 22 and 23 C-glycosylation. The new compounds were characterized by NMR and mass spectroscopy. The compounds obtained have high potential to exhibit antitumor activity.
LipoSVM: Prediction of Lysine lipoylation in Proteins based on the Support Vector Machine
Authors: Wu Meiqi , Lu Pengchao , Yang Yingxi , Liu Liwen , Wang Hui , Xu Yan , Chu Jixun
Published: October 2019

Background:

Lysine lipoylation which is a rare and highly conserved post-translational modification of proteins has been considered as one of the most important processes in the biological field. To obtain a comprehensive understanding of regulatory mechanism of lysine lipoylation, the key is to identify lysine lipoylated sites. The experimental methods are expensive and laborious. Due to the high cost and complexity of experimental methods, it is urgent to develop computational ways to predict lipoylation sites.

Methodology:

In this work, a predictor named LipoSVM is developed to accurately predict lipoylation sites. To overcome the problem of an unbalanced sample, synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE) is utilized to balance negative and positive samples. Furthermore, different ratios of positive and negative samples are chosen as training sets.

Results:

By comparing five different encoding schemes and five classification algorithms, LipoSVM is constructed finally by using a training set with positive and negative sample ratio of 1:1, combining with position-specific scoring matrix and support vector machine. The best performance achieves an accuracy of 99.98% and AUC 0.9996 in 10-fold cross-validation. The AUC of independent test set reaches 0.9997, which demonstrates the robustness of LipoSVM. The analysis between lysine lipoylation and non-lipoylation fragments shows significant statistical differences.

Conclusion:

A good predictor for lysine lipoylation is built based on position-specific scoring matrix and support vector machine. Meanwhile, an online webserver LipoSVM can be freely downloaded from https://github.com/stars20180811/LipoSVM.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Mechanistic Insights Against Microbial Infections
Authors: Garg Aakriti , Singh Balraj , Sharma Ruchika , Singh Arti , Kumar Anoop
Published: October 2019

Background:

Infections are one of the leading causes of death worldwide
and currently available treatments remain unsatisfactory due to rise in the cases of
antimicrobial resistance. Thus, there is a need for the development of new drugs with
different mechanisms of action. However, the development of new antimicrobials agents
is a long and expensive process. Hence, most of the pharmaceutical companies are

Methodology:

The data related to SERMs and microbial infection has been extracted
from Pub Med (from January 1997 to December 2018). A total of 101 studies have been
published from 1997 -2018 regarding SERMs and microbial infections.

Results:

On the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 25 studies have been included
for the analysis of level of evidence regarding antimicrobial effects of SERMs. Emerging
reports have indicated the antimicrobial property of selective estrogen receptor
modulators (SERMs) against normal and resistant strains under in vitro and in vivo
conditions against wide variety of microorganisms through different mechanisms of
action.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, SERMs could be developed as a broad spectrum
antimicrobial agent alone or in combination with existing antimicrobial agents.
Protective Effects of Incretin Against Age-Related Diseases
Authors: Zhang Di , Ma Mingzhu , Liu Yueze
Published: October 2019

Incretin contains two peptides named glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). Drug therapy using incretin has become a new strategy for diabetic treatments due to its significant effects on improving insulin receptors and promoting insulinotropic secretion. Considering the fact that diabetes millitus is a key risk factor for almost all age-related diseases, the extensive protective roles of incretin in chronic diseases have received great attention. Based on the evidence from animal experiments, where incretin can protect against the pathophysiological processes of neurodegenerative diseases, clinical trials for the treatments of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients are currently ongoing. Moreover, the protective effect of incretin on heart has been observed in cardiac myocytes, smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells of vessels. Meanwhile, incretin can also inhibit the proliferation of aortic vascular smooth muscle cells, which can induce atherosclerogenesis. Incretin is also beneficial for diabetic microvascular complications, including nephropathy, retinopathy and gastric ulcer, as well as the hepatic-related diseases such as NAFLD and NASH. Besides, the anti-tumor properties of incretin have been proven in diverse cancers including ovarian cancer, pancreas cancer, prostate cancer and breast cancer.
Antipyretic Plants: An Updated Review
Authors: Garg Vandana , Dutt Rohit
Published: October 2019

Background:

Fever, is known as pyrexia, may occur due to infection, inflammation, or any
tissue damage and disease states. Normally, the infected or damaged tissue initiates the enhanced formation
of pro-inflammatory mediators like cytokines which further increases the synthesis of prostaglandin
E2 (PgE2) near the hypothalamic area and thereby trigger the hypothalamus to elevate the body temperature.

Objective:

Antipyretics are the agents which reduce the elevated body temperature. The most commonly
used antipyretic agent, paracetamol, may be fatal due to its side effects.

Methods:

In this review paper, Chemical Abstracts, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct were
the sources for the published article to collect information regarding antipyretic activity.

Results:

This review compiles the antipyretic plants that may be useful to treat fever due to various
diseases.

Conclusion:

These medicinal plants could be good alternatives for traditional allopathic antipyretics.
Coexistence of Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma; Composite Lymphoma [CL] in a Patient Presenting with Waxing and Waning Lymphadenopathy
Authors: Geladari Eleni , Dimopoulou Georgia , Margellou Evangelia , Paraskevas Andreas , Kafetzis Georgios , Rontogianni Dimitra , Vadiaka Maria
Published: October 2019

Background: :

The coexistence of two or more types of lymphoma within the same organ at the same time of diagnosis is defined as composite lymphoma, a rare disease that has recently been identified in the literature. Pointedly, the concurrence may be Hodgkin lymphoma with a Non-Hodgkin lymphoma [NHL], either B or T cells, or two different entities of NHLs. Furthermore, this condition has been described concurrently or sequentially. In order for the diagnosis to be established, two or more distinct clones should be proven by morphological and laboratory tests.

Case presentation::

Herein, we cite a seventy-three-year old female patient with low-grade fever, waxing and waning cervical lymphadenopathy, whose biopsy of an axillary lymph node demonstrated the rare coexistence of Hodgkin and NHL, known as composite lymphoma.

Conclusion: :

Composite lymphomas pose a particular diagnostic challenge, and currently, there are no agreed standards for treatment.
Analisis Variasi Included Angle terhadap Distorsi pada Sambungan Las SMAW
Authors: Kusdiyarto Prihatno , Djatmiko Riswan Dwi
Published: October 2019

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of included angle dimension on the distortion of carbon steel V-groove butt joint using a single pass welding methods. Specimens being studied were AISI 1025 low carbon steel in the form of 1/2 inch-thick plates. The steels were easily weld and were assumed as homogeneous and isotropic; therefore, three specimens for each treatment are adequate. The experiment treated the v-groove shape as independent variable and the distortion as dependent variable. The results show that there is an effect of v-groove dimensions on the distortion of the carbon steels butt joint.. The distortion and their respective angle dimensions are 0.58˚ for the 55˚ angle, 0.78˚ for the 60˚ angle, and 1.02˚ for the 65˚ angle. The magnitude of the distortions are well below 3˚, which is the permissible amount for the butt joint distortion criteria.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh dimensi included angle (bentuk kampuh) terhadap distorsi pada sambungan ujung baja karbon dengan metode pengelasan SMAW single pass. Dalam penelitian ini obyek yang diteliti adalah baja karbon rendah type AISI 1025 yang berupa plat strip dengan ketebalan 1/2 inchi. Baja jenis ini merupakan bahan yang mudah dilas dan diasumsikan homogen dan isotropic, sehingga sampel yang diambil cukup tiga buah pada masing-masing perlakuan. Bentuk included angle merupakan variabel bebas dan distorsi adalah variabel terikat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh dimensi included angle terhadap distorsi pada sambungan ujung baja karbon. Besarnya distorsi pada sambungan dengan dimensi sudut 55˚ sebesar 0,58˚, 60˚ sebesar 0,78˚, 65˚ sebesar 1,02˚. Hal ini memberikan informasi bahwa variasi sudut included angle tersebut menghasilkan distorsi di bawah 3˚, sehingga masih termasuk dalam batas yang diijinkan persyaratan kelolosan sambungan las.
Modul Pemesinan Gerinda Bagi Siswa SMK Teknik Pemesinan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Saputra Fariz Hashfie , Purnomo Edy
Published: October 2019

This research and development aims to determine the feasibility level of module learning media of grinding theory and to determine the effectiveness of basic grinding theory to the academic achievement of class XI students in the machining study program. The research methods is quantitative descriptive method. The results   validates the use of grinding theory module in learning activities. The average percentage from the quality of content, instructional and technical, is 91,25%. The effectiveness of basic grinding theory module can be seen from the improvement of students’ marks of 97.28% in average. The increase in the active participation is 33.3%.Penelitian pengembangan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan media pembelajaran modul teori pemesinan gerinda dan mengetahui tingkat efektivitas modul teori pemesinan gerinda terhadap hasil belajar siswa teknik pemesinan kelas XI SMK Muhammadiyah Prambanan. Penelitian ini menggunakan langkah Research and Development dan metode penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil pada penelitian ini adalah media pembelajaran modul teori pemesinan gerinda dinyatakan layak digunakan untuk kegiatan pembelajaran dengan rerata persentase kelayakan kualitas isi, instruksional, dan teknis sebesar 91,25%. Efektivitas media pembelajaran modul Teori Gerinda Dasar dapat dilihat dari peningkatan rerata hasil belajar sebesar 97,28% dan peningkatan partisipasi aktif sebesar 33,3%.
Pengembangan E-Modul Interaktif untuk Discovery Learning pada Pembelajaran Mekanika Teknik dan Elemen Mesin
Authors: Lumbantobing Marko Ayaki , Munadi Sudji , Wijanarka Bernardus Sentot
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this research is to find out the feasibility of e-module for discovery learning users' responses to the use of the e-module. This development research follows the development stages of the ADDIE model. Likert scale with four variations of answers was used. Research data were analyzed using a quantitative-descriptive analysis. The result shows that the use of an e-module for discovery learning has met the criteria of feasibility within the "very good" category, in terms of content material, learning media, and users’ responses. The research findings shows the following results: the assessment of the e-module by the content material experts was in the category of "very good" with a 95 feasibility percentage; the assessment by the media experts was in the category of "very good" with an 82.86 feasibility percentage; teachers’ and students’ responses to the e-module were in the category of “very good” with 84.38 and 81.67 feasibility percentages, respectively.Tujuan penelitian secara umum adalah mengembangkan e-modul untuk discovery learning pada materi tegangan dan poros, dan tujuan khususnya adalah untuk mengetahui kelayakan e-modul untuk discovery learning dan respon penggunanya. Penelitian pengembangan ini mengikuti model ADDIE. Skala Likert dengan empat variasi jawaban digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Data penelitian dianalisis dengan deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan produk e-modul untuk discovery learning pada materi tegangan dan poros telah memenuhi kriteria kelayakan dari segi materi, media maupun dari respon pengguna dengan kategori “sangat baik”. Data penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ahli materi diperoleh penilaian e-modul dengan kategori “sangat baik” dengan persentase kelayakan sebesar 95%, dari ahli media diperoleh penilaian dengan kategori “sangat baik “dengan persentase kelayakan sebesar 82,86%. Di samping itu, respon pengguna terhadap e-modul dalam hal ini guru dan siswa diperoleh kategori “sangat baik” dengan persentase kelayakan masing-masing adalah 84,38% dan 81,67%
Prototipe Tungku Krusibel Kompak Mini
Authors: Leman Arianto , Ristadi Febrianto Amri , Gilang Adiaksa , Bima Bima , Dwi Galang
Published: October 2019

Crucible furnace for metal casting practice is needed by Vocational High School since their graduated students should possess competence in casting field. A prototype of a mini compact crucible furnace is built as an effort to fulfill the needed of an appropriate furnace. It is a sustained development of previous works. This furnace is developed using Research and development method. The prototype of a mini compact crucible furnace that has been succeeded developed has a dimension of (330x330x750) mm and 46 kg of total weight. The furnace can be made from the used drum with heat isolator combining of ceramic blanket D.96 and castable TNC-17. It is able to melt 3 kg of aluminum and achieve 660 0C in 50 minutes with LPG consumption of 1,76 kg. The outside temperature of the furnace is in the safety limit while it is operated. However, the prototype of a mini compact crucible furnace needs further development to improve its performance and heat efficiency.Tungku krusibel untuk praktik pengecoran logam dibutuhkan oleh Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan karena lulusannya harus memiliki komptensi dibidang pengecoran. Sebuah prototipe tungku krusibel mini dibuat sebagai upaya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tungku yang sesuai. Ini merupakan pengembangan berkelanjutan dari tungku-tungku sebelumnya. Prototipe tungku krusibel kompak mini dikembangkan dengan metode Reserach and Development. Prototipe tungku krusibel kompak mini yang berhasil dibuat berdimensi (330x330x750) mm dengan bobot total 46 kg. Tungku dapat dibuat dari drum bekas dengan isolator panas kombinasi dari selimut keramik D.96 dan castable TNC-17. Prototipe tungku mampu melelehkan 3 kg aluminium dan mencapai suhu 660 0C dalam 50 menit dengan kebutuhan LPG 1,76 kg. Suhu dinding luar tungku masih dalam batas aman saat dioperasikan. Bagaimanapun, prototipe tungku krusibel kompak mini perlu dikembangkan lebih lanjut untuk memperbaiki kinerja dan efisiensi panasnya.
Pengembangan Multimedia Berbasis Internet pada Mata Kuliah Pengujian Las
Authors: Wibowo Heri
Published: October 2019

The purpose of the learning media development is to produce multimedia from internet sources that are feasible to be applied in Welding Inspection learning. The methods used wasR&D (research and development). The development of multimedia products was carried out by collecting videos and handbooks on the welding process and inspections on the internet. The results of the developed multimedia on welding Inspections are Powerpoint Presentation equipped with videos with learning materials content of a) welding procedures, b) heat input and welding distortion, c) destructive testing, and d) non-destructive testing. The feasibility test validated that the multimedia is feasible for the learning process. The limited test on the students shows that multimedia is acceptable for the learning process in the Welding Inspection course.Pengembangan media pembelajaran ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan multimedia dari sumber internet yang layak diterapkan pada pembelajaran Pengujian Las. Metode yang digunakan adalah R & D (research and development). Pengembangan produk multimedia dilakukan dengan menelusuri video dan hand book tentang proses dan inspeksi pengujian las yang ada di internet. Hasil pengembangan multimedia Pengujian Las adalah berupa power point yang dilengkapi video dengan materi: a) prosedur pengelasan, b) heat input dan distorsi pengelasan, c) pengujian destruktif, d) pengujian non destruktif. Uji kelayakan multimedia menyatakan multimedia layak diterapkan untuk pembelajaran. Hasil uji terbatas mahasiswa menyatakan multimedia dapat diterima untuk pembelajaran mata kuliah Pengujian Las.
Pencegahan Perkawinan di Bawah Umur (Analisis Terhadap Lembaga Pelaksana Instrumen Hukum di Kec. Blangkejeren Kab. Gayo Lues)
Authors: Rahmatillah Syarifah , Nurlina Nurlina
Published: October 2019

Undang-Undang Perkawinan, KHI dan Undang- Undang Perlindungan Anak telah menetapkan batas minimal usia perkawinan yaitu pria berusia 19 tahun dan wanita berusia 16 tahun. Untuk mendukung program ini maka lembaga pelaksana instrumen hukum seperti KUA, Dinas Syari’at Islam dan Dinas Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak, Pengendalian Penduduk, dan Keluarga Berencana (DP3AP2KB) berupaya untuk mencegah pekawinan di bawah umur. Realitanya masih banyak terjadi perkawinan di bawah usia 16 tahun. Pertanyaan penelitian dalam kajian ini adalah apakah faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya perkawinan di bawah umur di masyarakat Kec. Blangkejeren, bagaimanakah praktik perkawinan di bawah umur yang di lakukan oleh masyarakat Kec.Blangkejeren, Bagaimanakah kekuatan lembaga pelaksana instrumen hukum dalam mencegah perkawinan di bawah umur di kec. Blangkejeren. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa Lembaga pelaksana instrumen Hukum yang berada di wilayah Kec. Blangkejeren belum maksimal untuk mengatasi praktik perkawinan di bawah umur disebabkan karena adanya faktor Orang tua, adat, Media massa, Pergaulan bebas, pemahaman agama yang masih dangkal. Dari paparan diatas dapat simpulkan bahwa, Praktik perkawinan di bawah umur yang dilakukan oleh  masyarakat Kec. Blangkejeren adalah secara non prosedural tanpa melibatkan aparat-aparat institusi negara yang berwenang dan proses pencegahan perkawinan di bawah umur yang dilaksanakan oleh lembaga pelaksana instrumen hukum tidak akan berjalan maksimal tanpa didukung oleh para orang tua, tokoh adat, tokoh agama dan pemerintah dalam mencegah perkawinan di bawah umur.
Efektivitas Pelaksanaan Hukum Jinayat di Aceh
Authors: Yusuf Muhammad
Published: October 2019

Efektif tidaknya sebuah aturan hukum dapat dilihat seberapa banyak masyarakat mematuhi aturan tersebut, jika sebuah aturan hukum dipatuhi lebih dari 50 (limapuluh) persen masyarakat sudah dapat dikatakan aturan tersebut efektif. Ukuran lainnya  untuk melihat sebuah aturan hukum efektif adalah dari penurunan jumlah kasus pelanggaran hukum.  Efektivitas sebuah aturan hukum sangat dipengaruhi oleh materi hukum itu sendiri, penegak hukum dan tingkat pemahaman masyarakat terhadap hukum. Dalam kajian ini, ukuran yang dipakai untuk melihat efektivitas  hukum adalah dari segi jumlah kasus atau pelanggaran hukum yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat. Kemudian pengaruh  efektivitas hukum dikaji dari sejauh mana pemahaman masyarakat terhadap hukum yang diberlakukan kepada mereka khususnya dalam hal ini adalah tentang hukum jinayat. Tingkat pemahaman masyarakat sangat ditentukan oleh keseriusan pihak yang bertanggungjawab mensosialisasikan hukum kedalam masyarakat. Khusus untuk hukum jinayat yang diberlakukan di Aceh, maka pihak yang sangat bertanggungjawab melaksanakan sosialisasi hukum adalah Dinas Syari’at Islam sebagai perpanjangan tangan Pemerintah Aceh.
Multi Alasan Cerai Gugat: Tinjauan Fikih terhadap Cerai Gugat Perkara Nomor:0138/Pdt.G/2015/MS.Bna pada Mahkamah Syar'iyah Banda Aceh
Authors: Muhammad Rusjdi Ali , Yulmina Yulmina
Published: October 2019

Islam membolehkan perceraian. ini bagian dari solusi akhir hubungan perkawinan yang retak dan dimungkinkan adanya bahaya yang besar menimpa salah satu atau keduanya. Pihak yang mengajukan cerai bisa saja dari pihak suami melalui cerai talak atau isteri melalui cerai gugat dengan disertai alasan-alasan tertentu. Salah satu perkara cerai gugat tersebut misalnya dalam Putusan Mahkamah Syar’iyyah Banda Aceh Nomor 0138/Pdt.G/2015/MS.Bna. Menariknya, putusan ini memuat banyak sekali alasan-alasan cerai. Untuk itu, masalah penelitian ini yaitu bagaimana isi dan pertimbangan hakim dalam perkara Cerai Gugat No.0138/Pdt.G/2015/MS.Bna, faktor apa saja yang menjadi penyebab terjadinya Cerai Gugat pada perkara No. 0138/Pdt.G/2015/MS. Bna, dan bagaimana tinjauan fikih terhadap putusan dan pertimbangan hakim dalam Perkara Cerai Gugat No.0138/Pdt.G/2015/MS.Bna. Untuk menjawab masalah tersebut, digunakan metode kualitatif dengan kajian studi pustaka (library research). Adapun temuan penelitian ini ada tiga: (1) Pertimbangan hakim dalam memutus perkara cerai gugat dalam Putusan No. 0138/Pdt.G/Ms.Bna ada dua: Pertama, pertimbangan hukum yuridis, bahwa hakim melihat terpenuhinya unsur materil dan unsur formil persidangan. Kedua, pertimbangan normatif hukum Islam, di mana hakim merujuk menimbang tidak terwujudnya tujuan pernikahan penggugat dan tergugat sebagaimana maksud QS. Al-Rūm ayat 21. (2) Penggugat mengajukan 10 (sepuluh) alasan cerai. Namun demikian, hakim Mahkamah Syar’iyah Banda Aceh cenderung menekankan penyebab cerai adalah karena percekcokan atau syiqāq yang telah berlangsung lama. (3) Pertimbangan hakim dalam memutus perkara tersebut gugat dalam Putusan Nomor 0138/Pdt.G/Ms.Bna telah sesuai dengan ketentuan fikih. Pertimbangan hakim ialah adanya mudharat yang lebih besar dalam hubungan penggugat dan tergugat ini sesuai dengan kadiah fikih yang intinya kemudharatan harus dihindarkan sedapat mungkin.
Pengaruh Curah Hujan terhadap Keberhasilan Rukyat Hilal pada Observatorium Lhoknga Aceh
Authors: Jafar M. Ali Machzumy
Published: October 2019

Rukyat hilal of the month of Qamariah, especially the beginning of Ramadan, and Shawwal is a study of falak which often attract attention because of the frequent differences. This is motivated by the uncertainty of rukyat results due to the lack of observable rukyat results. This is one of them caused by the location of the rukyat which is not safe enough from various natural disturbances, such as high rainfall. Lhoknga Observatory Astronomically, this observatory is located at 50 27’ 59, 85” N and 950 14’ 31,87” E, with an altitude of 8 m, and is 15 m from the sea. But from 5 years of observation of the new moon, only one time succeeded in destroying the hilal. The research method uses descriptive analytical methods, collecting data by means of documentation and direct observation. The results of this study found that one of the causes of the low success rate of rukyatul hilal in the observatory was due to its relatively high rainfall which reached an average of 354 mm in years. This rainfall is strongly influenced by the latitude and geographical state of the observatory flanked by the sea and mountains.
O BARÃO E O ENCILHAMENTO: OS INVESTIMENTOS DE JOSÉ DE LACERDA GUIMARÃES NA ECONOMIA CAFEEIRA PAULISTA (1885-1893)
Authors: Silva Gustavo Pereira da
Published: October 2019

O Encilhamento permanece como um controverso episódio na história econômica brasileira, sendo comumente seus efeitos negativos ligados à instabilidade macroeconômica que teria gerado. Todavia, há uma argumentação que realça os efeitos favoráveis à formação de empresas a partir dessas medidas econômicas. Nesse sentido, o artigo busca dar uma contribuição à compreensão dos efeitos do Encilhamento para a diversificação do capital no estado de São Paulo, considerando a escassez de estudos que atrelem diretamente o Encilhamento ao grande capital cafeeiro paulista. Para tanto, baseamo-nos na conta-corrente de José de Lacerda Guimarães (Barão de Arary) junto à casa comissária e exportadora J. F. de Lacerda & Cia., principal firma exportadora de café em Santos entre 1885-1886. Na conta-corrente constam as operações de entradas de ações, que representam compras de papéis de empresas por parte do barão, operações que se tornaram maiores e mais diversificadas no período do Encilhamento (1889-1893).
Protestanti u službi Petrovaradinske pukovnije u drugoj polovici 18. stoljeća
Authors: Nujić Pavao
Published: October 2019

Autor u radu analizira prisutnost protestanata u službi Petrovaradinske pukovnije na temelju službenih pukovnijskih serijalnih izvora i tri cjelovita popisa pukovnije iz 1767., 1772. i 1792. godine. Protestanti su promatrani iz perspektive aktivne vojne službe kao istaknuti pojedinci unutar časničkoga kadra i kao vjerska skupina i manjina među običnim krajišnicima. Prikazano je stabilno postojanje protestantskoga elementa na svim razinama pukovnijske službe kroz promatrana desetljeća 18. stoljeća, a što je predstavljalo posebnost Petrovaradinske pukovnije u odnosu na ostale pukovnije Slavonske i Hrvatske vojne krajine toga razdoblja
Bratovština kovača u Zadru i njezina matrikula iz 15. stoljeća
Authors: Dundović Zdenko
Published: October 2019

Matrikula Bratovštine kovača u Zadru pohranjena je u Znanstvenoj knjižnici u Zadru. Na temelju teksta matrikule razmotrit će se osnovne regule Bratovštine kovača u Zadru, prikazati njezino djelovanje i imena članova koji su spomenuti u matrikuli Bratovštine. Istražena dokumentacija usporedit će se s dosad objavljenom literaturom o Bratovštini kovača i nadopunit će se nedovršeni prikaz matrikule Vitaliana Brunellija iz 19. stoljeća. Cilj je rada ukazati na činjenicu da je Bratovština kovača u Zadru ustanovljena prije 1490. godine, kako je to pogrešno ustvrdio Brunelli, te otvoriti raspravu o njezinoj mogućoj poveznici s bratovštinom zadarskih zlatara
The Middle-Class Entrepreneurial Elite in Šibenik and Split (15th Century)
Authors: Andrić Tonija , Birin Ante
Published: October 2019

The paper explores the entrepreneurial elite of late medieval Šibenik and Split, based on the examples of prominent businessmen in the historical records preserved in the notarial records of the two cities
The comprehensive study of the thermal etching conditions for partially and fully dense ceramic samples
Authors: Spusta Tomás , Jemelka Marek , Maca Karel
Published: October 2019

An alternative approach to the thermal etching of oxide ceramic materials
(?- alumina, t-zirconia, and c-zirconia) is presented and compared with the
standardly used regime for thermal etching. The given approach was tested on
partially (93.8 - 96.3 % t.d.) and fully (99 - 100 % t.d.) dense samples
with the criterion of minimizing the density difference after and before
etching and with the criterion of clear visibility of grain boundaries. The
presented results show, that 900?C/1 h etching regime is sufficient to
reveal the studied microstructure for analysis of the surface of the samples
sintered above 1355?C without affecting the density and without thermal
effect on the measured average grain size. The modern approaches as digital
analysis of the images can help to reveal the thin grain boundaries after
thermal etching at low temperatures.
Electrochemical and structural properties of Ni(II)-alumina composites as an annealing temperature function
Authors: Mojovic Zorica , Novakovic Tatjana , Mojovic Milos , Barudzija Tanja , Mitric Miodrag
Published: October 2019

Alumina powders, pure and doped with nickel, were synthetized by sol-gel
method and calcined at 500, 900 and 1100?C in order to obtain mesoporous
structures with a high specific surface area, well adapTab. to catalytic
application. The characterization of samples was performed by XRD, EPR
spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). XRD analysis
showed that the addition of Ni2+, as well as the annealing temperature,
affects the structural properties of the obtained composites. EPR analysis
revealed the traces of Fe3+ impurities, the presence of oxy defects in
alumina and Ni2+ in tetrahedral position for samples calcined at 1100?C.
The impedance of the Nafion/alumina modified GCE depended on combined effect
of porous structure and surface properties of alumina samples. The
electrochemical behavior of a glassy carbon electrode modified with Ni
(II)-doped aluminas was studied in 0.5 M NaOH solution, with and without
methanol. The electrochemical activity of nickel-doped alumina composites
was dictated by the amount of present NiO impurity.