bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and treatment of migraine: Russian experts' recommendations
Authors: Filatova E. G. , Osipova V. V. , Tabeeva G. R. , Parfenov V. A. , Ekusheva E. V. , Azimova Yu. E. , Latysheva N. V. , Naprienko M. V. , Skorobogatykh K. V. , Sergeev A. V. , Golovacheva V. A. , Lebedeva E. R. , Artyomenko A. R. , Kurushina O. V. , Koreshkina M. I. , Amelin A. V. , Akhmadeeva L. R. , Rachin A. R. , Isagulyan E. D. , Danilov Al. B. , Gekht A. B.
Published: August 2020

Migraine is one of the most common types of headache, which can lead to a significant decrease in quality of life. Researchers identify migraine with aura, migraine without aura, and chronic migraine that substantially reduces the ability of patients to work and is frequently concurrent with mental disorders and drug-induced headache. The complications of migraine include status migrainosus, persistent aura without infarction, migrainous infarction (stroke), and a migraine aura-induced seizure. The diagnosis of migraine is based on complaints, past medical history, objective examination data, and the diagnostic criteria as laid down in the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3 rd edition. Add-on trials are recommended only in the presence of red flags, such as the symptoms warning about the secondary nature of headache. Migraine treatment is aimed at reducing the frequency and intensity of attacks and the amount of analgesics taken. It includes three main approaches: behavioral therapy, seizure relief therapy, and preventive therapy. Behavioral therapy focuses on lifestyle modification. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, simple and combined analgesics, triptans, and antiemetic drugs for severe nausea or vomiting are recommended for seizure relief. Preventive therapy which includes antidepressants, anticonvulsants, beta-blockers, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, botulinum toxin type A-hemagglutinin complex and monoclonal antibodies to calcitonin gene-related peptide or its receptors, is indicated for frequent or severe migraine attacks and for chronic migraine. Pharmacotherapy is recommended to be combined with non-drug methods that involves cognitive behavioral therapy; progressive muscle relaxation; mindfulness; biofeedback; post-isometric relaxation; acupuncture; therapeutic exercises; greater occipital nerve block; non-invasive high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; external stimulation of first trigeminal branch; and electrical stimulation of the occipital nerves (neurostimulation).
Organizing Bandung Isola Performing Arts Festival (BIPAF) As A Market of Innovative Performing Arts in Indonesia
Authors: Sukmayadi Yudi , Masunah Juju
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this article is to discuss a festival model which promotes innovative performing arts in Indonesia. This qualitative approach used a project-based research method. The procedure of this research began with diagnosing the problems, making plan to conduct the festival in Bandung, conducting the festival, and evaluation. Data were collected by participation observation, interview, study of documentation, focused group discussion, and personal reflection. The findings of this research showed that Bandung Isola Performing Arts Festival (BIPAF) is a festival model as a form of market for innovative performing arts. The activities of BIPAF began with selecting/curating the performing artworks, holding art incubation, making promotion, show casing and pitching, as well as discussion and evaluation. BIPAF organizer designed a meeting within choreographers/producers and festival directors, curators and promotors of performing arts in Villa Isola outdoor stage in Universiatas Pendididkan Indonesia. This meeting was followed up by performing some pieces from BIPAF in the stage of SIPA and IMF Surakarta, and Korean Festival in South Korea. This festival contains a strategy value to develop creative industry sub sector of performing arts in Indonesia.
Background Selection Does Not Mimic the Patterns of Genetic Diversity Produced by Selective Sweeps
Authors: Schrider Daniel R
Published: August 2020

It is increasingly evident that natural selection plays a prominent role in shaping patterns of diversity across the genome. The most commonly studied modes of natural selection are positive selection and negative selection, which refer to directional selection for and against derived mutations, respectively. Positive selection can result in hitchhiking events, in which a beneficial allele rapidly replaces all others in the population, creating a valley of diversity around the selected site along with characteristic skews in allele frequencies and linkage disequilibrium among linked neutral polymorphisms. Similarly, negative selection reduces variation not only at selected sites but also at linked sites, a phenomenon called background selection (BGS). Thus, discriminating between these two forces may be difficult, and one might expect efforts to detect hitchhiking to produce an excess of false positives in regions affected by BGS. Here, we examine the similarity between BGS and hitchhiking models via simulation. First, we show that BGS may somewhat resemble hitchhiking in simplistic scenarios in which a region constrained by negative selection is flanked by large stretches of unconstrained sites, echoing previous results. However, this scenario does not mirror the actual spatial arrangement of selected sites across the genome. By performing forward simulations under more realistic scenarios of BGS, modeling the locations of protein-coding and conserved noncoding DNA in real genomes, we show that the spatial patterns of variation produced by BGS rarely mimic those of hitchhiking events. Indeed, BGS is not substantially more likely than neutrality to produce false signatures of hitchhiking. This holds for simulations modeled after both humans and Drosophila, and for several different demographic histories. These results demonstrate that appropriately designed scans for hitchhiking need not consider BGS’s impact on false-positive rates. However, we do find evidence that BGS increases the false-negative rate for hitchhiking, an observation that demands further investigation.
Estrategias de desarrollo territorial: fomentando los productos de origen mediante políticas públicas y participación social
Authors: Enríquez Caballero Yuritzi Paola
Published: August 2020

Este artículo presenta una aproximación teórica sobre la importancia de las políticas de desarrollo territorial para fomentar los productos de origen e indica que estos productos, a su vez, pueden ser un instrumento potenciador del desarrollo. Si un producto de origen promueve el desarrollo económico del territorio, beneficia a la población por medio del empleo y este, simultáneamente, mejora el bienestar o la calidad de vida. Al mismo tiempo, las características socioculturales impulsan el desarrollo de un producto de origen, al ser estas las que le dan la identidad. Para ello, se emplea una metodología cualitativa, con el objetivo de identificar diversos enfoques, como el patrimonio y los bienes de calidad vinculados al territorio; el círculo virtuoso multifuncional de calidad, así como el de las cadenas globales de valor y las redes globales de producción. Asimismo, se pretende analizar la importancia que tienen dichas políticas en la interacción entre las instituciones y la participación social.
On the nature of collocations and ways of teaching them in foreign language classes
Authors: Nagy Tünde
Published: August 2020

When it comes to teaching vocabulary in foreign language classes words are often taught in isolation, without regard to the context in which they appear. The paper draws attention to the importance of teaching words in context so that the meaning of a word often results from the meaning of a larger construction it is part of. After presenting the morpho-syntactic and semantic characteristics of collocations, and the difficulties language learners face in acquiring them, the paper presents a few ideas on how to teach collocations, giving examples of activities and exercises that can facilitate the learning process. The focus has been laid on activities that can complement the lessons in class, can be applicable at different levels and also require relatively little preparation from the part of the teacher. In addition, an important aspect has been to choose activities that language learning have fun doing (that include creativity, problem solving, humor, real life examples, own experiences, etc.) and that integrate the necessary language learning skills (speaking, listening, reading, and writing). Without the intention of being exhaustive, the paper concentrates on those activities and tasks that present collocations in their entirety, as constructions, assuming that these are the most useful for students. While the ideas presented are generally applicable in foreign language classes, the present paper has been written with native Hungarian speakers in mind.
The impact of social and cultural capital on the success of language exams
Authors: Somfalvi Zita
Published: August 2020

The problem of not having a language exam by the end of the university years affects thousands of students in Hungary. The literature reveals that this area is less researched, but there are a number of factors that I found important to examine. I did my research in the East Hungarian region. The reason for this is that many studies in this area have a higher rate of unsuccessful language learners than the rest of the country. I used online survey method in the form of a questionnaire, which consisted mostly of closed questions (alternative, selective and scale). My questions were focused on topics such as socioeconomic status, school life, language biography, cultural capital, language-specific social capital, language-learning type, affective characteristics, language pedagogy, drop-out and language learning attitudes. In this present study I highlight the effect of social and cultural effect on the success of language learning. During the query I used snowball method and address list query. As finding the target people proved to be very difficult, the number of elements is not significant (N = 202).
Inquiry of the relationship between the popularity of foreign languages and the learning effectiveness on the basis of OKM 2016 database
Authors: Somfalvi Zita
Published: August 2020

This study's objective is to determine the relationship between the popularity of the foreign language and the study efficiency based on the OKM 2016 database. In our results you can see that the popularity of foreign languages is outstanding compared to other subjects. Concerning the gender and study average it is apparent that among girls and those with higher study average the subject is more popular than among boys and those with lower study average. The results of regression show that girls, those who live in town, who attend high school, who learn in larger schools, who do not attend religious school, who are descendants of highly educated parents and those whose parents' status is active in the labour market have positive opinion. Beyond the socio-demographic variables the popularity of the foreign language as a subject has an effect on the study average. The relevance of this study can be defined in the future research of unsuccessful language learning.
Music teaching in regular class and extracurricular music activities in Croatia: State and perspectives
Authors: Vidulin Sabina
Published: August 2020

In the last 30 years Croatia has been involved in an intensive period of educational reforms. Music teaching, as a compulsory subject, underwent some positive and negative changes. The so-called open model and contents remake bring the possibility for teachers to be more creative and for students to be involved to a greater extent, but unfortunately, music lessons come to just 1 h per week. As a part of the Croatian school system, the extracurricular music activities are implemented in the school curriculum which affects the acquisition of new knowledge developing students’ musical skills. This paper aims to present the today’s situation of attending music classes in regular and extracurricular lessons in Croatia. Moreover, it discusses the international research project Schools@Concerts: Tuning up for the Music Experience which influences the idea how to carry out another kind of extracurricular musical activity which suits the worldwide environment. The intention is to familiarize students with (classical) music during the work in the extracurricular activity and by visiting to a concert. The author presents her own idea how to realize the extracurricular music activity Listening to Music with Concert Experience carried out by a cognitive – emotional approach to listening to music which contributes to the students’ music appreciation and preservation, transfer, renewal and dissemination of cultural heritage.
Developing a national approach to improve student success in higher education: New insights from a comparative analysis of England and the Czech Republic
Authors: Thomas Liz
Published: August 2020

Increasing the number of students who complete their higher education (HE) studies is growing significantly across Europe; it is seen to contribute to individual and national prosperity, and to improve the efficiency of the HE system. The Higher Education Drop-out and Completion in Europe project examined the issue of “study success.” The methodology utilized a literature and policy review, two surveys of an HE expert in each European country, and eight in-depth mixed-method national case studies. This paper considers how in many European countries study success is not explicitly defined, and national policies can be ambiguous or even detrimental due to the lack of clarity about, and alignment with, study success. These flaws are reinforced by the lack of indicators and tools to measure study success, which would facilitate evaluation to improve national policies and institutional actions. These issues are illuminated by a comparison between the Czech Republic and England. A widely agreed definition of study success contributes to better policy alignment and allows performance indicators to be developed, which fosters a more coherent national and institutional approach to improving study success, but this needs to be underpinned by a shared national commitment, which values and promotes study success.
A place too crowded to study: The impact of student cohort growth on the probability of university dropout
Authors: Diem Andrea , Wolter Stefan C.
Published: August 2020

Introduction:

This study examines the influence of major fluctuations in the number of students enrolling at university on the probability of dropout or a switch to a different course of study. Findings from the US show that a pronounced increase in student numbers leads to more dropouts.

Materials and methods:

This article provides an analysis of this relationship for the first time outside the US and for an entire university system. We use administrative data for all the students who started studying at Swiss universities between 1980 and 2001.

Results:

The results suggest a significant relationship between positive cohort growth and the probability of dropout. A reduction in student numbers, on the other hand, does not increase the probability of persistence.

Discussion:

Despite the negative influence of a big cohort on the probability of persistence, no statistically significant relationship exists, by contrast, between the change in student numbers and the probability of a student switching to a different course of study.
Governing refugee flows in European contexts and the strategic role of education: Perspectives from the frontiers
Authors: Zambeta Evie , Papadakou Yulie
Published: August 2020

This article discusses governance strategies activated in Europe aiming to monitor migration and refugee flows. A central point to be made is that migrant policy is an essential component of the wider social policy, thus representing the type of welfare provision prevalent in each particular state. Moreover, it will be argued that, apart from the wider EU immigration and asylum policies, such as the successive Dublin regulations, which constitute major parameters governing mobility, welfare state traditions and systems act as steering mechanisms to mobility, directing and redirecting flows, as they foster motives for improved life conditions among migrants. Furthermore, refugee education policies will be examined in selected European countries, with a particular focus in frontier Greece. The article asserts that education, being part of the welfare state policies, plays a pivotal role in governing migration flows in twofold ways: first, facilitating and securing mobility strategies on the part of asylum seekers; second, attracting and recruiting labor force on the part of the aging European countries.
The research method of conceptual frameworks. The case of Pygmalion effect: A leadership style or self-fulfilling prophecy?
Authors: Almadi Sejla
Published: August 2020

Conceptual frameworks are conjectural/hypothetical research tools that are particularly important and widely used in the disciplined inquiry, including educational (technology) research. However, there is a lack of guidance on how to construct them. Hence, the objective of the current research was to provide a methodological perspective through a case study on how to develop such a framework for deductive research with a complex research subject. To this end, a five-step technique was constructed and implemented: text database, research panorama, authors’ network and thread, location, and definition. The case of Pygmalion effect was actual and significant as a recent meta-analysis found it to have an outstanding impact, among other leadership interventions, and relevant to educational research as it was first experimented in educational context. The conclusion found the five steps to be intertwined as they were built upon each other, carried the thread forward and opened it up deeper and closer to the research subject by each section. The errors and limitations involved uniqueness, availability, less is more, meaningfulness, approach, and space. Hence, the recommendations were defined as the regard for the complexity of the research subject and the approach to which the defined steps were delegated, the preliminary search on the most up-to-date academic papers on the subject, the only necessary number of collected sources and classes, the sense-making in implementing the steps, and the adaptation to longer essays, theses, or to prepare the foundation of research proposals.
Impact of the “Chalk” on perceived visual quality and the willingness to climb: a research on sports climbing
Authors: Çetinkaya Güney , Güngör Abdullah , Aras Dicle
Published: August 2020

Background and Study Aim: Rock climbing is a popular outdoor recreation and tourism activity practiced in natural areas. Rock climbing, like all of the other outdoor activities, has a variety of impacts on nature and visitors. Understanding these impacts is important for ensuring the sustainability of natural environments and activities practiced in these areas. The goal of this study was to analyze the impacts of chalk density on the rock surface, on the perceived visual quality and the willingness of participants to climb.

Material and Methods: The visual research method was used in the study to analyze the perceived visual quality of climbers. Photographing technique, one of the visual research methods, was utilized in the study to determine the perceived visual quality of climbers. Eleven photographs, prepared for this purpose, were presented to 213 voluntary participants and the obtained results were evaluated.

Results: Repeated measures analysis of variance test results indicate that the chalk level increase specifically designed and presented in the photographs statistically changed the perceived visual quality of participants. Impacts of the variables of gender, climbing experience, climbing level and chalk density level on perceived visual quality are compared with the ANOVA test. The results indicate that within-group variance in terms of the climbing level is statistically significant.

Conclusions: According to the results of the study, the increase in chalk use density on rock surfaces has a negative impact on the perceived visual quality and willingness of participants to climb.
Differences in the degree of nutrition and body composition of boys and girls of pubertal age
Authors: Nikšić Elvira , Joksimović Marko , Beganović Edin , Gardašević Novica
Published: August 2020

Background and Study Aim. The nutritional status of children can be assessed on the basis of clinical examination, laboratory procedures and anthropometric measurements. Height and body weight are most often used to determine nutrition. Children and adolescents who are at risk of being overweight often also become obese adults.
Material and Methods. The research was conducted on a sample of 136 students (67 boys and 69 girls), with an average age of 11.56 years. The aim of the study was to determine the degree and differences in the degree of nutrition and body composition in boys and girls of pubertal age.
Results. Based on the obtained results, T-test for small independent samples, it was determined that there are no statistically significant differences between boys and girls, both in the degree of nutrition and body composition, estimated by 10 variables using bioelectric impedance InBody 720. Also, it was found that 19.70% of boys are obese, as well as 17.40% of girls. Cumulatively with the percentage of malnourished respondents, a total of 61.50% of boys were not normally fed, as were 37.70% of girls. The obtained results indicate the need for a more extensive review of the analysed segments and a significantly larger sample of respondents, in order to act preventively in the fight against obesity, as the leading epidemiological health problem of today.
Conclusion. It is obvious that physical activity based on physical education classes is not sufficient or is not sufficiently represented to meet the challenges of the modern way of life of children.
From College Graduate to Physician: Professional Identity Formation
Authors: Ward James , Randall Virginia
Published: August 2020

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. A newly matriculated medical student must transition from college student to physician in four short years. The call has been made to help students in this transition. There is little data on how this can occur and how the system of medical education can guide students. We set out to describe and understand medical students' process of professional identity formation (PIF) longitudinally from first-year to fourth-year students. Using a qualitative thematic analysis of 58 survey responses from the anatomy dissection laboratory (1st and 2nd year students), 78 clerkship reflective practice essays (3rd year students), and 26 survey responses to a realistic field exercise (4th year students) we developed a grounded theory: We found four developmental/transformational stages (Building, Becoming, Bridging, and Being) in PIF of a physician with the end result that the physician is confident, resilient, and embraces his/her identity. Additionally, there were three longitudinal supports identified that faculty provide: promoting self-reflection, promoting mastery of difficult tasks, and being available. Successful transition is tied to transformational experiences that with the faculty support propel the student toward PIF. These findings serve as a framework for medical educators to develop a curriculum that supports positive PIF in medical students.
Public space as commodity: social production of the Hong Kong waterfront
Authors: Chan Elton
Published: August 2020

Although there has been a long tradition of public space-related land speculation and development, the recent success of the High Line in New York has highlighted the transformative effect carefully designed and curated public spaces can have on the local economy. By prioritising exchange value over use value, governments and developers are exploiting the production of public spaces as a means for financial, political and other forms of returns. This paper argues that commodification of public space both transcends and encompasses other processes such as privatisation and commercialisation, and it is essential to study how it is manifested in different urban contexts. This paper sets out to examine how commodification of public space has taken form in Hong Kong, a global city where public spaces have mostly been an afterthought and box-checking exercise in the planning process. By reflecting on the social production of three recently completed waterfront public spaces across the city, this paper suggests that even though the commodification of public space has taken on very different forms in Hong Kong, the public spaces in question all display certain characteristics and features that can be attributed to the decline of publicness and inclusivity in public space.
Condiciones que impulsan a los adultos mayores a ingresar a la educación formal
Authors: Londoño-Vásquez David , Mora-Olaya Leidy , Pineda-Castro Gustavo
Published: August 2020

Objetivo: analizar las condiciones personales, sociales y familiares que inciden en la decisión de los adultos mayores para iniciar sus estudios en los Ciclos Lectivos Integrados (CLEI) del municipio de Sabaneta (Antioquia) en el 2019. Método: cualitativo, hermenéutico-fenomenológico. Los participantes fueron seleccionados por muestreo de voluntarios al inicio de 2019. En total, fueron 4 mujeres y 7 hombres, con edades entre los 63 y 74 años, de estratos bajo y medio bajo. Las técnicas utilizadas fueron la entrevista semiestructurada (pensada desde la historia de vida) y encuestas socioculturales. Para su análisis se empleó el método de análisis de narrativas. Resultados: surgieron cuatro categorías: la educación como proceso continuo, el aprendizaje constructivista, la formación humana a través de la educación y los aspectos sociales, culturales y familiares transformadores. Conclusiones y discusiones: el adulto mayor (re)construye planes de vida a partir de su decisión de formarse en el CLEI, puesto que ve en la educación una posibilidad de autonomía, de autocuidado, de participación social y familiar, de acompañamiento a los suyos y de crecimiento personal. Esto evidencia la constante (re)construcción de los seres humanos durante todo su ciclo vital.
Risco de doenças cardiovasculares em pescadores de uma comunidade
Authors: Barbosa Sâmia Ellen , Silva Diêgo Lucas , Trindade-filho Euclides Mauricio , Mourão Ana Raquel Carvalho
Published: August 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: Pescadores compõem um grupo de trabalhadores predominantemente do gênero masculino no Brasil. Atrelado ao gênero e à ocupação existem outros fatores de riscos como tabagismo, consumo excessivo de álcool, baixo nível de escolaridade e socioeconômico, para desenvolvimento de doença cardiovascular que se constitui na principal causa de morte por doenças não transmissíveis. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência de doença cardiovascular em pescadores na comunidade Pontal da Barra, Maceió-AL. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional transversal realizado no período de outubro a novembro de 2016. A amostra foi composta por pescadores cadastrados na Unidade de Saúde da Família Tarcísio Palmeira. Foram avaliados: pressão arterial, circunferência abdominal, índice de massa corpórea, perfil lipídico, glicemia em jejum e um questionário com perguntas sobre hábitos diários e aspectos socioeconômicos. A Síndrome Metabólica foi avaliada conforme a NCEP-ATP III. Para avaliar fatores de risco para eventos cardiovasculares nos próximos 10 anos, foi aplicado o escore de Framingham. As variáveis foram apresentadas em média, desvio padrão, números absolutos e porcentagem em tabelas e gráficos de frequência. RESULTADOS: A amostra foi composta por 37 pescadores, todos do gênero masculino, com idade de 58,37 ± 13,77 anos e com renda mensal de 1 a 2 salários mínimos (89%). A Síndrome Metabólica foi diagnosticada em 49% dos participantes. Segundo o escore de Framingham,22% apresentaram alto risco de desenvolver eventos cardiovasculares. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados encontrados apontaram que os pescadores na comunidade Pontal da Barra, apresenta uma maior frequência e risco moderado para os desenvolvimentos de eventos cardiovasculares nos próximos 10 anos.
Comparação da força muscular e flexibilidade entre praticantes de Pilates e musculação
Authors: Pereira Junior Altair Argentino , Silva Andréia da
Published: August 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: Nos últimos anos, tem aumentado o número de estudos preocupados em investigar a relação entre a disfunção do músculo transverso do abdome e a história de dor lombar, assim como a deficiência na flexibilidade. OBJETIVO: comparar a força muscular do transverso do abdome e flexibilidade das praticantes do método Pilates e musculação. MÉTODO: Participaram do estudo 20 voluntárias do sexo feminino divididas em 2 grupos de 10 voluntárias, com no mínimo 6 meses de atividade em Pilates ou musculação. A força muscular do transverso do abdome foi avaliada pelo teste esfigmomanômetro modificado (TEM) e a flexibilidade pelo teste de sentar-alcançar (TSA). Foi utilizado a análise estatística descritiva para os dados coletados, sendo os valores expressos através da média e desvio padrão, bem como aplicabilidade do teste T de student (p<0,05). RESULTADOS:  Foi verificado valores significativos de (p< 0,05) sendo superior para a força muscular do transverso do abdome do grupo Pilates quando comparado ao grupo musculação. Entretanto para o teste de flexibilidade, não foi encontrado diferenças estatísticas significativas entre os dois grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Foi possível observar que as praticantes do método Pilates obtiveram um melhor desempenho da musculatura do transverso do abdome e flexibilidade em comparação ao grupo musculação. O fortalecimento do músculo transverso do abdome bem como a flexibilidade torna-se uma medida corretiva e preventiva para redução e prevenção das algias e lesões lombares.
BATIK PANDONO ABSTRAK SEBAGAI MEDIA EDUKASI DAN APRESIASI SENI: STUDI KASUS UKM BATIK PANDONO ABSTRAK DI LAWEYAN SURAKARTA
Authors: Faruq Moh. Yudik Al
Published: August 2020

Abstract: The objectives of this study are: (1) Explain the right and effective learning model as a medium of education and appreciation for the community about UKM Batik Pandono Abstrak in Laweyan, Surakarta. (2) Explain the form of the work motif produced by the community through the learning model applied in the learning of Abstract Pandono Batik in Laweyan, Surakarta.
Digitalization of Ethno Constructivism Based Module for Elementary School Students
Authors: Asrial Asrial , Syahrial Syahrial , Kurniawan Dwi Agus , Anandari Qalbi Shanaz
Published: August 2020

This research develops e-module teaching materials by using a digitalized book application based on ethno constructivism and also discerns students' responses to the e-modules. We employed the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate) to create the books. The ADDIE model consists of five steps, namely (1) introduction, (2) planning, (3) development, (4) implementation, and (5) evaluation. The subjects of this study were 21 fifth-grade students of elementary schools 112/I. The re-sults of this study captured that the product was favored by most of the students with percentages of interest (72.73%), motivation (77.27%), and perception (63.6%).
A study of Traditional Games “Engklek” in Mathematics for Elementary School
Authors: Asrial Asrial , Syahrial Syahrial , Maison Maison , Kurniawan Dwi Agus , Perdana Rahmat
Published: August 2020

This study aims to determine whether elementary school teachers know the traditional game "Engklek" can be integrated into learning. Because, by following the 2013 curriculum implemented by the government must integrate the values that are around into learning. The research method used is a mixed method with a sequential explanatory model, in which the number of samples in this study were 34 respondents who came from elementary school teachers in Batanghari through observation sheets and interviews conducted with respondents. The results in this study the teacher has a good category of teacher knowledge of traditional games, will remain, the teachers do not know that traditional games can be integrated into learning, even though by applying them into learning in addition to educating students, it can also help preserve their culture.
Learning Cycle-6e and Cognitive Conflict Strategies: The Remedial Learning to Overcome Misconceptions
Authors: Jeharut Rolisonia Rona Kecima , Subandi Subandi , Habiddin Habiddin
Published: August 2020

Abstract: The purposes of this study were to identify students' misconceptions on acid-base concepts; examine the effectiveness of the Learning Cycle-6E models and cognitive conflict strategies in overcoming students' misconceptions; measure the retention of students' understanding of the concept. A descriptive and pre-experimental design with one group pretest-posttest design was employed in the study. 30 secondary school students from a public school in the province of Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia. A three-tier instrument was applied to reveal students’ misconceptions as well as their scientific understanding. A paired t-test stastical procedure was apllied to uncover the effectiveness of the Learning Cycle-6E and cognitive conflict strategies. The retention of students' conceptual retention was measured in 3 weeks after the intervention (the implementation of Learning Cycle-6E models and cognitive conflict strategies). Several students’ misconception in the topic of acid-base have been uncovered. Also, that Learning Cycle-6E and cognitive conflict strategies are powerful in reducing misconceptions is proven. This paper also highlights that retention of students scientific understanding was also in very good criteria
Basic Dimensions of Early Reading Skills of Elementary School Students in Bandung
Authors: Damaianti Vismaia Sabariah , Rahma Rosita , Astini Meilani Puji
Published: August 2020

This study is motivated by the need for a descriptive and analytical research related to the basic dimensions of early reading skills of elementary school students to determine the level of students’ reading skills, including their difficulties in learning to read. This study aims to get a picture of the early reading skills of elementary school students in Bandung. The results of this study can be used as a guide for education practitioners, policy makers, and related institutions. Through a descriptive and analytical method, the findings are (1) 98% of students are able to identify letters in words, to analyze words, to identify the direction of letters, and to arrange letters into words. (2) 96% of students are able to strip words into syllables, to sort syllables in words, to identify words with the same forms, to identify words with the same meanings, to replace words with logical words, to insert words in incomplete sentences, and to identify abstract words. (3) The students seem to have difficulties in identifying similar consonant sounds, in identifying similarities in vowel and schwa sounds, in identifying sounds that are similar in sentences, and in identifying reversed sounds. Only 57% of students do not encounter obstacles. (4) 90% of students are capable of making sentences from random words, making sentences from words that are not sequential, correcting sentences that have wrong words, identifying simple sentences in paragraphs, and understanding simple sentences. (5) 70% of students have the ability to understand shapes, sizes, locations, and colors. This study has implications for the need for an integrated remedial program that can be used by both teachers and parents, especially for students who have difficulties with sound identification abilities.
TIJOLOS COMPÓSITOS DO TIPO SANDUÍCHE DE CONCRETO-POLÍMERO-METAL
Authors: Sirqueira Alex Da Silva , Barbosa Fabiana Teodosio
Published: August 2020

O poliestireno expandido (EPS) é um material que vem sendo difundido na indústria da construção, com vistas à sustentabilidade e preservação ambiental, pois o EPS é 100 % reciclável. Nesse contexto, essa pesquisa objetivou estudar as propriedades mecânicas e físicas deste material associado com concreto e metal. Os ensaios testados formam a resistência à compressão, absorção de água, dureza e o processo de corrosão. Buscou-se produzir, um tijolo com três componentes: um bloco de polímero tipo 4 (alocado no centro), malha metálica (para revesti-lo) e argamassa. Através dos ensaios, foi observado que os tijolos convencionais absorvem mais água quando comparados ao compósito desenvolvido. Os CPs submetidos ao ensaio de exposição à temperatura de 50ºC perderam massa específica, mas os resultados demostram que não houve perda da resistência à compressão. A deformação manteve-se dentro dos padrões da norma. Ao analisar a força de compressão conclui-se que mesmo o compósito com menor resistência, suportou carga maior que 8,1 tf/ m² do EPS. Nesse contexto, pode-se deduzir que o aço e a argamassa oferecem maior resistência ao material e que, assim sendo, compósitos estudados são capazes de suportar as cargas quando estão distribuídas por m². Os materiais submetidos ao ensaio de corrosão apresentaram valores dentro da norma.
Adverse cutaneous drug reactions reporting in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Eastern India: a retrospective study
Authors: Bose Manika , Misra Debasish , Parida Sansita , Das Smita , Mishra Swati , Mishra Sudhansu S.
Published: August 2020

Background: Any unwanted changes to mucous membrane, skin, its appendages and drug eruptions related adverse events are known as adverse cutaneous drug reaction (ACDR). It has 2-5% incidence in developing countries. The current study was undertaken to analyse adverse cutaneous drug reactions spectrum clinically, drugs responsible, assessment of causality, severity, and preventability in our setup.Methods: Current study was an observational, retrospective, non-interventional analysis of voluntarily reported ADRs forms, between April 2018 and January 2020.  All cutaneous ADRs reported within this period were identified. Data obtained were expressed in numbers, percentages.Results: 130 cutaneous ADRs was reported during the period of study. Fixed drug eruptions (30%) was the most common cutaneous reaction. The most common causal drug groups were antimicrobials (58.5%). Amongst antimicrobials, ornidazole (8.5%) was the most common drug. The most common drug in NSAID group was paracetamol (14.6%). The major drug causing ACDRs in our study was Paracetamol (14.6%). Assessment of causality revealed 37.7% were probable and 62.3% were possible reactions. Assessment of severity showed 78.5% as mild and 21.5% as moderate. Assessment of preventability showed that 6.1% probably preventable and 93.9% not preventable.Conclusions: Knowledge of the pattern of cutaneous reactions and the causative drugs guides us in early diagnosis of the condition, better management and associated decrease in morbidity, mortality. In the current study, the most common causal drug group were antimicrobials. The most common morphological pattern and drug causing ACDRs were fixed drug eruptions and paracetamol, respectively.
Predisposing factors and outcome of uterine rupture in Jos, North-central Nigeria
Authors: Kahansim Makshwar L. , Nyango Dalyop D. , Oyebode Tinuade A. , Egbodo Christopher O. , Anyaka Charles U. , Pam Victor C.
Published: August 2020

Background: Uterine rupture has continued to be an obstetric catastrophe with tragic maternal and foetal outcomes particularly in Nigeria.Methods: an institutional, cross sectional retrospective study was carried out at Jos University Teaching Hospital, North-Central Nigeria. Case files of mothers with uterine rupture managed at the hospital from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2019 were retrieved and included in the study. Data extracted from case files included maternal age, parity, gestational age, booking status, presence of uterine scar, obstetric interventions prior to rupture, site of rupture, type of surgery, units of blood transfused, intensive care unit admission and duration of hospital stay and maternal or foetal death.Results: the incidence of uterine rupture was 1 in 497 deliveries (0.2%). The mean age of the patients was 30.1±5.1years. About 75% of the patients were para 1-4. Seventeen (70.8%) patients were unbooked while fourteen (58.3%) had unscarred uterine rupture. Eight out of 14(57.1%) patients with unscarred uterus had uterotonics for induction or augmentation of labour. Fourteen (58.3%) patients had rupture involving anterior lower uterine segment. Over half of the patients had uterine repair only (58.3%), 29.2% had uterine repair with bilateral tubal ligation while 12.5% had subtotal hysterectomy. Twenty-two (91.7%) required blood transfusion, five patients had 5 or more units of blood transfused. The perinatal mortality was 69.6%, there was no maternal death.Conclusions: the major predisposing factors to uterine rupture in our facility were lack of antenatal care, presence of previous caesarean section scar and injudicious use of uterotonics.
Inguinoscrotal swellings in childhood: a clinico-diagnostic approach to differential diagnosis
Authors: Wani Dawood Iqbal , Prabhakar Ankit , Sharma Shivani , Nafees Rezwana
Published: August 2020

Background: Inguinoscrotal diseases are one of the commonest group of disorders seen in clinical surgical practice. A wide range of swellings are seen in this region in children and includes hydrocele, torsion testis, ectopic testis, lymphadenopathy, inguinal hernias, cysts, epididymitis, orchitis, tumors etc. Vigilant clinical and radiological evaluation of inguinoscrotum for varying diseases helps in proper diagnosis and surgical management of its differential diagnosis.Methods: The present study was conducted as an observational study over a period of 10 months and enrolled a total of 50 patients.Results: In this study, 31 cases had hydrocele, 14 cases had inguinal hernia, 2 cases had epididymorchitis, 2 cases had lymphadenopathy and one case had idiopathic scrotal edema. Individual diseases had varying presentations, clinical findings and post-operative findings.Conclusions: There is a varying broad spectrum of swellings in the inguinoscrotal region in young male children. It was concluded that proper clinical and radiological evaluation of the patient helps to timely diagnose the disease and hence help in identifying correct approach to the management of the case.
Effect of peer counselling on exclusive breastfeeding among mothers attending child welfare clinic in two selected general hospitals in Lagos state, Nigeria
Authors: Arike Owolabi Omolara , John Sotunsa
Published: August 2020

Background: Inadequate nutrition and poor feeding practices of newborn and infants has turn out to be a major public health concern that has negatively affected the lives of many children and as led to the cause of various forms of deficiencies, also the leading cause of death of most children between 1-5years of age. This study determined the effect of peer counselling on exclusive breastfeeding among mothers attending child welfare clinic in two selected general hospitals in Lagos State, Nigeria.Methods: This study adopted a two group pre-test post-test quasi experimental design. Total enumeration was used to select one hundred and seventy-four (174) participants that participated in the study. Data was collected using a self-developed questionnaire while four research questions were tested using descriptive statistics.Results: Findings indicated that the pre-intervention knowledge mean score of participants on the knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding in the control group was 15.43±4.98 (48.2%) and 14.69±5.16 (45.9%) in the experimental group with a mean difference of 0.74. The post-intervention knowledge mean score of participants on the exclusive breastfeeding in the control group was 15.58±4.83 (48.7%) and 28.97±8.31 (90.5%) in the experimental group with a mean difference of 13.39. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated a significant improvement in the exclusive breastfeeding rate among mothers due to peer counselling exposure, and the interventions have been effective in increasing knowledge and practice of breastfeeding among mothers. It was recommended that knowledge of peer counselling will influence knowledge, practice and behaviours on exclusive breastfeeding rate among mothers.
Comparison between imprint cytology and frozen sections in intraoperative consultation of ovarian tumours
Authors: Ivan Reily Ann , Chacko Kuruvilla P. , Thomas Pramod
Published: August 2020

Background: The ovaries frequently are the site for various primary tumors. Correct intraoperative diagnosis is crucial. The application of imprint cytology is very useful where frozen section facility is not available. The present study is a comparison of imprint cytology and frozen section during intraoperative consultation for various types of benign and malignant ovarian neoplasms in different age groups.Methods: Seventy-six cases of ovarian tumors were examined using both imprint cytology and frozen section and evaluated, taking histopathological report as gold standard. The histopathological diagnoses consisted of benign (54), borderline (9), and malignant (13). The malignant tumors consisted of various types including serous carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, endometrioid carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma and carcinoid.Results: All 54 benign cases were accurately diagnosed as benign by imprint cytology. With frozen section 53 cases were correctly diagnosed as benign but one case was over diagnosed as borderline. Among 13 malignant cases 11 (84.6%) were correctly diagnosed with both techniques. Borderline tumors were not able to be diagnosed with imprint smear, 3 out of 9 cases were correctly diagnosed with frozen section.Conclusion: When compared with frozen section, imprint cytology is a simple, inexpensive and useful diagnostic tool in intraoperative diagnosis of benign and malignant ovarian tumors. Imprint smear is not useful in borderline tumors where only frozen section is useful. Imprint cytology can be used as an adjunct to frozen section for better diagnosis.
Comparative evaluation of efficacy of physics forceps versus conventional forceps in therapeutic extractions of premolars: a prospective clinical study
Authors: Panchal Karan V. , Shah Navin S. , Panchal Bhumi
Published: August 2020

Background: Dental extraction is the removal of a tooth from the oral cavity and is the most common procedure performed in oral surgery. Conventional exodontia tends to cause unnecessary trauma leading to postoperative pain, loss of tissue and stress for the patient. ‘Atraumatic’ dental extraction techniques have nowadays gained popularity and in such case, physics forceps can be helpful in achieving such results. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare efficacy of physics forceps versus conventional forceps in therapeutic extraction of premolars.Methods: A total of 35 patients requiring extraction of premolars in maxillary or mandibular arch or both arches for orthodontic treatment purpose were included and divided into groups A and B wherein right sided extractions performed with physics forceps were compared with left sided extractions carried out using conventional forceps in terms of time taken for extraction, bone and soft tissue injury, success score and pain assessment.Results: The present study suggested statistically significant difference between both the groups. Time taken for extraction, trauma to gingival tissue, bone loss, and visual analogue scale (VAS) score was significantly lesser with physics forceps group, when compared to conventional forceps group. Moreover no significant difference in success score was noted between both the groups.Conclusions: Physics forceps are comparatively superior to conventional extraction forceps in terms of lesser time taken for the procedure, lesser tendency to induce trauma to both hard and soft tissue and have been found to induce comparatively lesser pain post extraction.