bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dystrobrevin alpha gene is a direct target of the vitamin D receptor in muscle
Authors: Tsoumpra Maria K , Sawatsubashi Shun , Imamura Michihiro , Fukumoto Seiji , Takeda Shin’ichi , Matsumoto Toshio , Aoki Yoshitsugu
Published: January 2020

The biologically active metabolite of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3), exerts its tissue-specific actions through binding to its intracellular vitamin D receptor (VDR) which functions as a heterodimer with retinoid X receptor (RXR) to recognize vitamin D response elements (VDRE) and activate target genes. Upregulation of VDR in murine skeletal muscle cells occurs concomitantly with transcriptional regulation of key myogenic factors upon VD3 administration, reinforcing the notion that VD3 exerts beneficial effects on muscle. Herein we elucidated the regulatory role of VD3/VDR axis on the expression of dystrobrevin alpha (DTNA), a member of dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAPC). In C2C12 cells, Dtna and VDR gene and protein expression were upregulated by 1–50 nM of VD3 during all stages of myogenic differentiation. In the dystrophic-derived H2K-mdx52 cells, upregulation of DTNA by VD3 occurred upon co-transfection of VDR and RXR expression vectors. Silencing of MyoD1, an E-box binding myogenic transcription factor, did not alter the VD3-mediated Dtna induction, but Vdr silencing abolished this effect. We also demonstrated that VD3 administration enhanced the muscle-specific Dtna promoter activity in presence of VDR/RXR only. Through site-directed mutagenesis and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we have validated a VDRE site in Dtna promoter in myogenic cells. We have thus proved that the positive regulation of Dtna by VD3 observed during in vitro murine myogenic differentiation is VDR mediated and specific. The current study reveals a novel mechanism of VDR-mediated regulation for Dtna, which may be positively explored in treatments aiming to stabilize the DAPC in musculoskeletal diseases.
WOMEN IN REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE: Lessons from bioengineering the ovarian follicle: a personal perspective
Authors: Woodruff Teresa K
Published: January 2020

The ovarian follicle and its maturation captivated my imagination and inspired my scientific journey – what we know now about this remarkable structure is captured in this invited review. In the past decade, our knowledge of the ovarian follicle expanded dramatically as cross-disciplinary collaborations brought new perspectives to bear, ultimately leading to the development of extragonadal follicles as model systems with significant clinical implications. Follicle maturation in vitro in an ‘artificial’ ovary became possible by learning what the follicle is fundamentally and autonomously capable of – which turns out to be quite a lot. Progress in understanding and harnessing follicle biology has been aided by engineers and materials scientists who created hardware that enables tissue function for extended periods of time. The EVATAR system supports extracorporeal ovarian function in an engineered environment that mimics the endocrine environment of the reproductive tract. Finally, applying the tools of inorganic chemistry, we discovered that oocytes require zinc to mature over time – a truly new aspect of follicle biology with no antecedent other than the presence of zinc in sperm. Drawing on the tools and ideas from the fields of bioengineering, materials science and chemistry unlocked follicle biology in ways that we could not have known or even predicted. Similarly, how today’s basic science discoveries regarding ovarian follicle maturation are translated to improve the experience of tomorrow’s patients is yet to be determined.
Pregnancy status alters IL-21-mediated effects on murine B lymphocytes
Authors: Fröhlich Carolin , Ehrhardt Jens , Krüger Diana , Trojnarska Dominika , Zygmunt Marek , Muzzio Damián Oscar
Published: January 2020

A favorable outcome of pregnancy depends greatly on an adequate balance of immune protection and fetal tolerance at the fetomaternal interface. IL-21 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine associated with altering immune responses in autoimmune diseases. IL-21 has pleiotropic functions, including induction of Th17 T cells, inhibition of Treg development, and modulation of antibody responses of B lymphocytes. Genetic polymorphisms of IL21 have been associated to poor pregnancy outcomes. However, the mechanism of IL-21 actions needs further evaluation. Here, we postulate that IL-21 affects splenic B cell function during pregnancy and shapes immune responses. We show that splenic B cells from CBA/J × BALB/c mice with favorable pregnancy outcome expressed lower IL21R levels than in CBA/J × DBA/2J mice, a mouse model for immune-induced bad pregnancy outcome. As a consequence, B cells from CBA/J × BALB/c mice reacted less sensitively to IL-21 than B cells from non-pregnant mice (NPM) or from CBA/J × DBA/2J mice. Also, LPS-induced apoptotic rates were altered in NPM and CBA/J × DBA/2J but not in CBA/J × BALB/c mice. This is accompanied by improved survival of B cells that produce the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 upon stimulation with LPS. We also observed lower numbers of CD4+CXCR5+Bcl-6+ follicular T-helper cells (Tfh) in normal pregnant mice, compared to non-pregnant and mice with disturbed pregnancies. Our data indicate that alterations of the Tfh/IL-21/IL-10 axis may have important influence on pregnancy outcome.
Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Stephenson Makeda , Reich Daniel H , Boheler Kenneth R
Published: January 2020

The reproducible generation of human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) in vitro has been critical to overcoming many limitations of animal and primary cell models of vascular biology and disease. Since this initial advance, research in the field has turned toward recapitulating the naturally occurring subtype specificity found in vSMCs throughout the body, and honing functional models of vascular disease. In this review, we summarize vSMC derivation approaches, including current phenotype and developmental origin-specific methods, and applications of vSMCs in functional disease models and engineered tissues. Further, we discuss the challenges of heterogeneity in hiPSC-derived tissues and propose approaches to identify and isolate vSMC subtype populations.
Targeting epigenetic mechanisms as an emerging therapeutic strategy in pulmonary hypertension disease
Authors: Bisserier Malik , Janostiak Radoslav , Lezoualc’h Frank , Hadri Lahouaria
Published: January 2020

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a multifactorial cardiopulmonary disease characterized by an elevation of pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), which can lead to right ventricular (RV) failure, multi-organ dysfunction, and ultimately to premature death. Despite the advances in molecular biology, the mechanisms underlying pulmonary hypertension (PH) remain unclear. Nowadays, there is no curative treatment for treating PH. Therefore, it is crucial to identify novel, specific therapeutic targets and to offer more effective treatments against the progression of PH. Increasing amounts of evidence suggest that epigenetic modification may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of PAH. In the presented paper, we provide an overview of the epigenetic mechanisms specifically, DNA methylation, histone acetylation, histone methylation, and ncRNAs. As the recent identification of new pharmacological drugs targeting these epigenetic mechanisms has opened new therapeutic avenues, we also discuss the importance of epigenetic-based therapies in the context of PH.
Tumour vessel remodelling: new opportunities in cancer treatment
Authors: Ganss Ruth
Published: January 2020

Tumour growth critically depends on a supportive microenvironment, including the tumour vasculature. Tumour blood vessels are structurally abnormal and functionally anergic which limits drug access and immune responses in solid cancers. Thus, tumour vasculature has been considered an attractive therapeutic target for decades. However, with time, anti-angiogenic therapy has evolved from destruction to structural and functional rehabilitation as understanding of tumour vascular biology became more refined. Vessel remodelling or normalisation strategies which alleviate hypoxia are now coming of age having been shown to have profound effects on the tumour microenvironment. This includes improved tumour perfusion, release from immune suppression and lower metastasis rates. Nevertheless, clinical translation has been slow due to challenges such as the transient nature of current normalisation strategies, limited in vivo monitoring and the heterogeneity of primary and/or metastatic tumour environments, calling for more tailored approaches to vascular remodelling. Despite these setbacks, harnessing vascular plasticity provides unique opportunities for anti-cancer combination therapies in particular anti-angiogenic immunotherapy which are yet to reach their full potential.
On Optional Shifts in Translation from Persian into English
Authors: Vaezian Helia , Ghaderi Bafti Fatemeh
Published: January 2020

Some changes always take place in the process of transferring the meaning embedded in the source text into the target text. The present paper aims at investigating the formal dissimilarities between the source and target texts through the examination of all optional shifts made at word, phrase and clause/sentence levels. To this end, Pekkanen’s (2010) model was applied to the English translation of a Persian novel ‘Journey to Heading 270 Degrees’ into English. Optional shifts were identified and analyzed through a comparative linguistic analysis between the source and target texts. 926 instances of optional shifts were identified in translation of the novel into English, amongst which shifts of expansion-addition (203 instances) were the most dominant type. Moreover, it was revealed that optional shifts at a clause/sentence level with a total of 554 instances were more frequent than optional shifts at a phrase level (161instances) and word level (220 instances).
Relevance-Based Approach to Translation of Contemporary Popular Science Texts
Authors: Iļinska Larisa , Ivanova Oksana , Smirnova Tatjana
Published: January 2020

In the present paper, the authors analyze a translation process implemented within the framework of Relevance Theory using Adaptation Theory as a tool to ensure relevance in the translation of popular science texts. The paper is part of ongoing research dedicated to the development of methodology for translation of popular science texts on architecture, ICT, and economics, focused here on translating from English into Latvian. Recognizing that relevance in translation is a qualitative category, the authors suggest measuring it along two dimensions: the plane of content and the plane of expression. Having defined four categories of relevance, the authors have developed a grid that may be recommended as a guide in a translator’s decision-making process for selecting a particular adaptive strategy and translation method.
Techniques to Communicate Better With Parents During End-of-Life Scenarios in Neonatology
Authors: Lizotte Marie-Hélène , Barrington Keith J. , Sultan Serge , Pennaforte Thomas , Moussa Ahmed , Lachance Christian , Sureau Maia , Zao Yilin , Janvier Annie
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Clinicians are urged to optimize communication with families, generally without empirical practical recommendations. The objective of this study was to identify core behaviors associated with good communication during and after an unsuccessful resuscitation, including parental perspectives.

METHODS:

Clinicians from different backgrounds participated in a standardized, videotaped, simulated neonatal resuscitation in the presence of parent actors. The infant remained pulseless; participants communicated with the parent actors before, during, and after discontinuing resuscitation. Twenty-one evaluators with varying expertise (including 6 bereaved parents) viewed the videos. They were asked to score clinician-parent communication and identify the top communicators. In open-ended questions, they were asked to describe 3 aspects that were well done and 3 that were not. Answers to open-ended questions were coded for easily reproducible behaviors. All the videos were then independently reviewed to evaluate whether these behaviors were present.

RESULTS:

Thirty-one participants’ videos were examined by 21 evaluators (651 evaluations). Parents and actors agreed with clinicians 81% of the time about what constituted optimal communication. Good communicators were more likely to introduce themselves, use the infant's name, acknowledge parental presence, prepare the parents (for the resuscitation, then death), stop resuscitation without asking parents, clearly mention death, provide or enable proximity (clinician-parent, infant-parent, clinician-infant, mother-father), sit down, decrease guilt, permit silence, and have knowledge about procedures after death. Consistently, clinicians who displayed such behaviors had evaluations >9 out of 10 and were all ranked top 10 communicators.

CONCLUSIONS:

During a neonatal end-of-life scenario, many simple behaviors, identified by parents and providers, can optimize clinician-parent communication.
Chemical-Biological Terrorism and Its Impact on Children
Authors: Chung Sarita , Baum Carl R. , Nyquist Ann-Christine ,   DISASTER PREPAREDNESS ADVISORY COUNCIL, COUNCIL ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, COMMITTEE ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES, Krug Steven E. , Fagbuyi Daniel B. , Fisher Margaret C. , Needle Scott , Schonfeld David J. , Lowry Jennifer Ann , Ahdoot Samantha , Bernstein Aaron S. , Bole Aparna , Byron Lori G. , Landrigan Philip J. , Marcus Steven M. , Pacheco Susan E. , Spanier Adam J. , Woolf Alan D. , Maldonado Yvonne A. , Zaoutis Theoklis E. , Banerjee Ritu , Barnett Elizabeth D. , Campbell James D. , Gerber Jeffrey S. , Kourtis Athena P. , Lynfield Ruth , Munoz Flor M. , Nolt Dawn , O’Leary Sean T. , Sawyer Mark H. , Steinbach William J. , Tan Tina Q.
Published: January 2020

Chemical and biological events (including infectious disease outbreaks) may affect children disproportionately, and the threat of a chemical or biological attack remains in the United States and worldwide. Although federal programs and funding support a broad range of federal initiatives for public health preparedness and response, funding at the state and local levels has been flat or is decreasing, potentially leaving communities vulnerable. Consequently, pediatricians need to prepare and be ready to care for children in their communities before, during, and after a chemical or biological event, including during long-term recovery. Some medical countermeasures for particular chemical and biological agents have not been adequately studied or approved for children. The American Academy of Pediatrics provides resources and education on disaster preparedness and response, including information on the pediatrician’s role in disasters, pediatric medical countermeasures, and mental health after an event as well as individual and family preparedness. This policy statement addresses the steps that clinicians and policy makers can take to protect children and mitigate the effects of a chemical or biological attack.
How do pharmacy students describe decision-making about drug therapy?
Authors: Anakin Megan , Cuthbert Alice M , Luo Qian , Mwangi Benson M , Scoggins Richard J , Tang Aida , Wong Vivian , Wright Daniel F B
Published: January 2020

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Introduction: Therapeutic decision-making is offered as a term to describe the responsibility that pharmacists have as medicines experts for making decisions about drug therapy for individual patients. There is a lack of research describing how pharmacy students learn to make therapeutic decisions. Methods: Qualitative methods were used to interview twelve final-year undergraduate pharmacy students. Data were analysed inductively to identify the steps in the process, the definition, and attitudes students learned about therapeutic decision-making. Results: According to these pharmacy students, the process and definition involve four steps; identifying medicines related problems via differential diagnosis, exploring treatment options, weighing up the options, and making a recommendation. Attitudes were confidence, open-mindedness, and bias awareness. Discussion: These findings align with a proposed model for therapeutic decision-making in pharmacy practice, however, this study did not determine if the students could apply the model in practice. Conclusion: These findings can be used as a benchmark for enhancing the pharmacy curriculum to include decision-making skills about drug therapy for future practice settings.
Teaching Now-Teaching (TNT): self-assessment of OB/Gyn faculty and resident teaching skills pre- and post-intervention
Authors: Sward Lindsey B. , Ellis Stanley , Mercado Cynthia
Published: January 2020

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Introduction: Though called upon to teach the next generation of medical students, residents and faculty at academic medical institutions are rarely given formal training in education. This lack of training, coupled with lack of time to devote to teaching, are leading obstacles for academic clinicians educating medical students. Methods: Faculty and residents in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS) were asked to complete a 10-item anonymous survey rating items regarding knowledge about teaching, attitudes towards teaching, and the value placed on teaching medical students. Faculty and residents then attended a 2-hour interactive seminar aimed at improving teaching techniques. After the seminar, the attendees were asked to complete the same 10-item survey. Results: Using roles to match pre-test and post-test responses, a paired samples t-test was analyzed. The faculty group showed significant improvement in two of the 10 items, both of which related to self-assessment of teaching skills. The resident group showed statistically significant improvement in eight out of the 10 items - pertaining to teaching knowledge, teaching skills, attitudes towards teaching, and value of teaching. Cohen's d values showed large to very large effects on 5 of the 8 statistically significant items. Discussion: A brief teaching seminar given to residents and faculty in our department was successful in improving attitudes and knowledge related to teaching medical students.
Taking the Ache Out of Sh(ake)speare: Teaching Shakespeare's Plays Through Performance
Authors: Lindell Kiki
Published: January 2020

This paper discusses the experience of teaching Shakespeare’s plays in performance, staging the plays with the students as part of the learning experience.

 

The learning outcomes are treated in three sections – the first relating the effects of performance on the students’ linguistic proficiency, the second giving some examples of how the students discover and learn to master the mechanics of Renaissance theatre from the inside, and the third and final section trying to show how making the play their own, understanding and identifying with their part, gives the students new insights that are applicable in a wider context.
Cognitive interventions and performance measures: a longitudinal study in elderly women
Authors: Chariglione Isabelle Patriciá Freitas Soares , Silva Henrique Salmazo da , Melo Gislane Ferreira de , Vilaça e Silva Karla Helena Coelho , Oliveira Maria Liz Cunha de
Published: January 2020

Abstract Several types of cognitive interventions have been performed with elderly individuals to verify physical and quality of life benefits. The objective of this study was to verify if the cognitive gains found in two cognitive intervention programs are related to changes in the mood, quality of life and physical fitness variables (maximum oxygen consumption, lean mass, fat percentage and handgrip strength). A total of 39 elderly women from the Distrito Federal (Brazil), participating in a cognitive training group based on mnemonic strategies and a group of cognitive stimulation based on perceptual and attention exercises. Both groups showed a tendency to reduce depressive symptoms, an increase in their fat mass and a decrease in their lean mass. Taken together, these findings may contribute to identify the directionality of mnemonic interventions in Brazilian elderly individuals regarding the subjective and physical performance variables.
Do fazer a arte rupestre: reflexões sobre os modos de composição de figuras e painéis gráficos rupestres de Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Linke Vanessa , Alcantara Henrique , Isnardis Andrei , Tobias Júnior Rogério , Baldoni Raíssa
Published: January 2020

Resumo Neste artigo, apresentamos a proposta teórico-metodológica de, ao contrário do que usualmente se faz, não tomarmos apenas as formas finais das pinturas e gravuras rupestres como objeto de análise. Propomos que se considere o processo de construção gráfica das figuras como objeto de estudo, colocando esse processo como algo em si relevante, e não apenas como meio para a forma final. A proposta é apresentada a partir de uma leitura teórica crítica (combinada a fontes etnográficas e arqueológicas) e por meio de exemplos concretos de análises que desenvolvemos, sob essa perspectiva, em diferentes áreas de Minas Gerais. Tomamos também como tema a construção de painéis, uma vez que percebemos que o processo de construção de figuras envolveu, muitas vezes, relações com figuras que já ocupavam os suportes.
Coleções etnográficas e Arqueologia: uma relação pouco explorada
Authors: Gaspar Meliam Viganó , Rodrigues Igor M. Mariano
Published: January 2020

Resumo O uso de observações e relatos etnográficos na Arqueologia é um fato comum na história da disciplina. No entanto, a exploração de questões arqueológicas através de análises de coleções etnográficas tem sido feita de maneira incipiente no Brasil, apesar da importância desses conjuntos de objetos na construção de uma história indígena de longa duração por meio da materialidade. Este artigo discute as relações entre objetos etnográficos e arqueológicos, ressaltando o potencial que os primeiros possuem no desenvolvimento de problemas relacionados aos segundos. A partir das abordagens de estudos de tecnologia, são apresentadas análises de coleções etnográficas de cerâmicas e trançados de povos falantes de línguas Karib na Amazônia guianense. Por fim, as contribuições desse aporte teórico-metodológico são discutidas para essa área do conhecimento.
Miradas poéticas sobre la sociedad de consumo: Roberto Santoro y Décio Pignatari
Authors: Catalano María Agustina
Published: January 2020

Resumen Este artículo se propone analizar diferentes usos poéticos de objetos de consumo, en particular de la famosa bebida Coca-Cola. Tomaremos como punto de partida “beba coca-cola” (1958) de Décio Pignatari y “saciedad del consumo” y “tome coca cola” (1975) de Roberto Santoro, aunque el corpus sea más vasto y se extienda hasta el presente. Nos interesa pensar cómo se resignifican la cultura de masas y la ideología antiimperialista (tan presente durante el periodo latinoamericano 60 -70), y la relación entre palabra escrita, oralidad e imagen, poniendo atención a las divergencias y continuidades posibles entre Argentina y Brasil.
A refração do realismo em Luiz Ruffato: um inferno permanente
Authors: Pellegrini Tânia
Published: January 2020

Resumo De acordo com Bourdieu (1996), as representações são convenções de entendimento e modelagem das estruturas e relações sociais, além de práticas que atribuem sentidos ao real, com efeitos em sua construção. Considerando ainda o conceito de “realismo refratado” (Pellegrini, 2018), este artigo procura verificar como Inferno provisório, de Luiz Ruffato, representa, por meio do tratamento específico das categorias literárias, aspectos da sociedade brasileira, como a desigualdade e a exploração, combinadas com a modernização conservadora das últimas décadas, criando uma forma particular de captar a relação entre os indivíduos e a sociedade.
Something new under the sun in secondary school: a case study
Authors: Coelho Silvia Regina dos Santos , Gomes Candido Alberto
Published: January 2020

Abstract This paper reports on a case study carried out in an upper secondary school (grades 10-12), which for 17 years has established learning workshops, with interseriation and interdisciplinarity, as well as complementary distance learning. The establishment, located in the industrial City of Curitiba, Brazil, maintains agreements so that its students, electively, attend the technical education in the counter-term. The qualitative-quantitative methodology included documental analysis, observation, semi-structured interviews with principals, counselors, teachers and students and application of questionnaires to convenience samples of teachers and students. The results show that, according to social expectations, this school has become publicly different due to its methodologies and success in reconciling the preparation for higher studies and technical courses. Continuous assessment and parallel recovery reduce reprobation and abandonment to minimum levels. The predominant organizational image is that of the school as a company, with components of the bureaucratic model, to frame the innovations in the official molds, and the school’s image as culture. Implications of these organizational images are discussed.
Condiciones de emergencia de un movimiento americano de protección de la infancia: tensiones de género en la construcción de legitimidades, categorías y prácticas
Authors: Rojas Novoa María Soledad
Published: January 2020

Resumen El artículo analiza las condiciones de emergencia del movimiento americano de protección de infancia a principios del siglo XX, observando tres dimensiones principales: la infancia como preocupación central entre las demandas de mayor presencia estatal en los países de la región, el lugar que ocupó la ciencia en la búsqueda de esas transformaciones y los procesos de construcción de un circuito transnacional de protección para la “infancia americana”. Sostiene que el análisis conjunto de estas dimensiones permite visibilizar que la organización social de los sexos y la rigidez con que se fijaron las categorías binarias de género fueron piezas determinantes para la legitimización de este movimiento, así como las versiones de infancia y familia que defendió.
Mulheres da Federação das Sociedades de Assistência aos Lázaros e Defesa Contra a Lepra, 1926-1947
Authors: Santos Francieli Lunelli , Leandro José Augusto
Published: January 2020

Resumo O estudo investiga o perfil familiar de mulheres que atuaram em importantes cargos com poder decisório na Federação das Sociedades de Assistência aos Lázaros e Defesa Contra a Lepra em diversas localidades do Brasil. Utilizando a prosopografia como técnica e método de pesquisa, buscou-se agregar informações sobre mulheres que mantiveram relações estreitas com a política de saúde para a lepra no país, de meados da década de 1920 ao final da década de 1940. A pesquisa reforça o entendimento do assistencialismo feminino pautado no controle e gerenciamento dos preventórios e sugere que a posição social/profissional dos pais e/ou maridos das mulheres que desempenharam funções na federação também concorreu para que elas agissem pela causa da doença.
Helena Antipoff e a Sociedade Pestalozzi de Minas Gerais: filantropia e ciência em prol dos anormais
Authors: Borges Adriana Araújo Pereira , Barbosa Esther Augusta Nunes
Published: January 2020

Resumo A relação entre filantropia, poder público e conhecimento científico é analisada a partir da experiência de Helena Antipoff na Sociedade Pestalozzi de Minas Gerais. Essa instituição promoveu, na primeira metade do século XX, iniciativas de auxílio às crianças “anormais”. O apoio às classes especiais, o trabalho do Consultório Médico Pedagógico, a criação da Associação de Assistência ao Pequeno Jornaleiro, as atividades do Instituto Pestalozzi e a Fazenda do Rosário são exemplos de parcerias entre poder público e filantropia. A centralidade do nome de Helena Antipoff na Sociedade Pestalozzi imprimiu na instituição a marca de sua idealizadora. Formada na Europa, mais especificamente no Instituto Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Helena Antipoff conciliou a filantropia e a ciência em prol dos “anormais”.
Conflitos, assistência e redes de poder em torno da fundação da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Campos dos Goytacazes, 1786-1795
Authors: Atallah Claudia C. Azeredo
Published: January 2020

Resumo O artigo propõe uma discussão a respeito da fundação da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Campos dos Goytacazes e seus desdobramentos na sociedade local, além de um breve estudo sobre os dois primeiros provedores e suas redes (1792-1795). A instituição foi inaugurada em 1792, no auge das transformações ocorridas na Europa. Em Portugal, o intendente-geral da Polícia de dona Maria I, Diogo Inácio de Pina Manique, planejava reformas à frente da administração da saúde pública. Analisam-se, dentro desse contexto, as questões que motivaram a instalação da referida Misericórdia e suas relações com as dinâmicas sociais e políticas típicas de Antigo Regime, ainda enraizadas na sociedade colonial e que adentrariam o século XIX.
Mechanisms of Metabolic Acidosis–Induced Kidney Injury in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Wesson Donald E. , Buysse Jerry M. , Bushinsky David A.
Published: January 2020

Retrospective analyses and single-center prospective studies identify chronic metabolic acidosis as an independent and modifiable risk factor for progression of CKD. In patients with CKD, untreated chronic metabolic acidosis often leads to an accelerated reduction in GFR. Mechanisms responsible for this reduction include adaptive responses that increase acid excretion but lead to a decline in kidney function. Metabolic acidosis in CKD stimulates production of intrakidney paracrine hormones including angiotensin II, aldosterone, and endothelin-1 (ET-1) that mediate the immediate benefit of increased kidney acid excretion, but their chronic upregulation promotes inflammation and fibrosis. Chronic metabolic acidosis also stimulates ammoniagenesis that increases acid excretion but also leads to ammonia-induced complement activation and deposition of C3 and C5b-9 that can cause tubule-interstitial damage, further worsening disease progression. These effects, along with acid accumulation in kidney tissue, combine to accelerate progression of kidney disease. Treatment of chronic metabolic acidosis attenuates these adaptive responses; reduces levels of angiotensin II, aldosterone, and ET-1; reduces ammoniagenesis; and diminishes inflammation and fibrosis that may lead to slowing of CKD progression.
ÇOCUK YOĞUN BAKIM ÜNİTESİNDE YATAN HASTALARIN RETROSPEKTİF DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: KİŞİOĞLU Merve , BÜYÜKKAYHAN Derya , DUYU Muhterem
Published: January 2020

Amaç
: Bu çalışmadaki
amacımız yeni açılmış olan çocuk yoğun bakım ünitemizin bir yıllık verilerini;
hastaların yoğun bakımda kalış süresi, mekanik ventilatör (MV) ihtiyacı,
gelişen komplikasyonlar, mortalite ve mortaliteye etki eden risk faktörlerini
ortaya koyarak vermiş olduğumuz hizmetin kalitesini artırmak, yetersiz sayıda
ve yüksek maliyeti olan çocuk yoğun bakım yataklarını ihtiyacı olan hastalar
için daha etkin kullanılmasına katkıda bulunmaktır.  Materyal ve Metod:  Çalışma 1 Şubat 2015 – 1 Şubat 2016 tarihleri arasında
Medeniyet Üniversitesi Göztepe Eğitim Araştırma Hastanesi, Çocuk Yoğun Bakım
Ünitesi’nde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Hastaların, cinsiyet, yaş, altta yatan
hastalık, eşlik eden kronik hastalık varlığı, hastanın geldiği yer, yoğun bakım
yatış süresi, önceki yoğun yoğun bakım yatış öyküsü, yoğun bakım ile ilişkili
enfeksiyon varlığı, mekanik ventilasyon ihtiyacı, pozitif inotrop tedavi
ihtiyacı, renal replasman tedavi ihtiyacı, kan transfüzyonu ihtiyacı, yatışında
hiponatremi durumu,  çoklu organ
yetmezliği ve yaygın damar içi pıhtılaşma varlığı verileri kaydedildi. Bu
faktörler ile mortalite arasındaki ilişki araştırıldıBulgular: Hastaların yaşları ortalama 60.5±61.3
aydı. Hastaların %36.8’i
kız, %63.2’si erkekti. Hastaların %54.2’sini hastanemiz acil servisi
ya da dış merkezden gelen, %45.8’ini ise hastanemiz yataklı servislerinden
gelen hastalar oluşturmaktaydı. Altta yatan hastalık dağılımına
bakıldığında,  ilk sırada  %33.5 oran ilea kciğer hastalığı yer
almaktaydı. Yoğun bakımda yatışı ortalama 11.9±16.9 gün idi. Hastaların %64.5’i
mekanik ventilatör desteği aldı. Yoğun bakım ilişkili enfeksiyonlarda ilk
sırada ventilatör ilişkili pnömoni (%29.1) yer almaktaydı. Mortalite oranı
%17.4 bulundu. Başvuruda mekanik ventilatör ihtiyacı olması, akciğer hastalığı
nedeni ile yatış, eşlik eden kronik hastalık öyküsü yoğun bakım mortalite
oranını anlamlı olarak arttırmaktaydı (p=0.001, p=0.002, p=0.003). Kan
transfüzyonu uygulaması, inotropik ajan kullanımı, çoklu organ yetmezliği
kliniği olması, yaygın damar içi pıhtılaşma kliniği olması ile mortalite
arasında anlamlı ilişki bulundu (p=0.027, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001). 

Sonuç: Yoğun bakım
ilişkili enfeksiyon varlığı, eşlik eden kronik hastalık varlığı, başvuruda
mekanik ventilasyon ihtiyacının olması, kan transfüzyonu uygulaması ve çoklu
organ yetmezliği kliniği tek değişkenli analizlerde mortalite üzerinde  istatistiksel olarak anlamlı etkileri olduğu
görülmesine rağmen çoklu değişken analizi değerlendirmesinde, bu faktörler ile
mortalite arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki bulunamamıştır. Altta
yatan hastalığın akciğer hastalığı olması, mortalite oranını 6.34 kat, yaygın
damar içi pıhtılaşma varlığı durumunda mortalite oranı 5.11 kat, inotrop tedavi
gereksinimi isemortalite oranını 18.04 kat arttırmaktaydı.
Prijenos slika Kristofora Krile Antunovića na novi nosilac
Authors: Šuman Orest , Karamatić Elio
Published: January 2020

Svaki zahvat koji mijenja ili uklanja dio izvornika neizbježno je diskutabilan, a među takvima svakako posebno mjesto zauzima metoda transfera. Ovaj tekst, uz kratki uvod u tehniku i povijest nastanka te metode, bavi se okolnostima koje su u recentnoj restauraciji dovele do izbora upravo takvog zahvata na vrijednoj umjetnini iz programa Hrvatskog restauratorskog zavoda. Slike Sv. Ivan Krstitelj i sv. Blaž sa sv. Katarinom i Sv. Nikola i sv. Antun opat sa sv. Dominikom Kristofora Krile Antunovića dijelovi su cjeline glavnog oltara Uznesenja Bogorodice u crkvi sv. Marije od Pakljene na Šipanu. Postupak o kojem je riječ izveden je na slikama 2016. godine. Detaljno je predstavljen tijek radova, posebno mjere i odluke donesene na temelju razmatranja i procjene stanja umjetnine te učinkovitosti prethodno izvedenih postupaka. Uz to su razmotreni i razlozi odabira pojedinih suvremenih materijala i tehnika, a u zaključnom dijelu teksta razmatra se odražavanje iskustva obavljenog zahvata na vrednovanje primijenjene metode.
Banski dvori
Authors: Puhmajer Petar , Ratančić Bernarda
Published: January 2020

Banski dvori izvorno su podrazumijevali građevinu na južnom dijelu zapadne strane Trga sv. Marka u Zagrebu. Na njezinu se mjestu u 17. stoljeću nalazila kuća Petra Zrinskog, koju je nakon 1766. znatno dogradio grof Petar Troilo Sermage, uspostavivši reprezentativnu baroknu palaču. Daljnje obnove uslijedile su početkom 19. stoljeća, kad je palača uređena za bana Ignjata Gyulaya, čime je poprimila današnji izgled i naziv Banski dvori. Pripojenjem susjedne, sjeverne palače Rauch, za bana Franje Vlašića (1832. – 1836.), sklop je dvostruko povećan te je od tada u jedinstvenoj funkciji stalnog sjedišta banske vlasti. U vrijeme bana Ivana Mažuranića izvodi se veća obnova s dogradnjom sjeverozapadnog dijela za Vladine urede i uređenjem banskog stana u južnom dijelu 1875. – 1882., a sklop se adaptira i u više navrata tijekom 20. stoljeća. Građevinski slojevito zdanje doživjelo je najveće promjene upravo u vrijeme nekih istaknutih protagonista političkoga života Hrvatske, a upravo zato je u svim zahvatima i modernizaciji zadržalo svoj reprezentativni karakter.
Kompleks hotela Neptun (Brioni) na Brijunu Velom
Authors: Jakaša Borić Viki , Dumbović Bilušić Biserka
Published: January 2020

Članak donosi prikaz transformacija hotelskog kompleksa Neptun na Brijunu Velom, građenog prema projektima bečkog arhitekta Eduarda Kramera od 1910. do 1912. godine.1 Na temelju Kramerovih projekata, povijesne fotodokumentacije i analize postojećeg stanja, hotelski se kompleks razmatra u kontekstu onodobne hotelske izgradnje na području Kvarnera, koja početkom 20. stoljeća s razvojem turizma doživljava preobrazbu. Riječ je prije svega o napuštanju zatvorenog historicističkog koncepta u korist razvedenijeg tlocrta i lođama rastvorenih pročelja, kao i bogatije ponude društveno-kulturnih i rekreacijskih sadržaja, što je podrazumijevalo uvođenje javnih prostora kao što su kinodvorana, plesna dvorana, dvorana za slušanje glazbe, prostor za društvene igre, zimski bazen i sl. Istovremeno secesijski vokabular uz natruhe moderne dobiva primat u odnosu na prethodno dominantni neostilski izričaj. Kompleks je, međutim, znatno izmijenjen nizom intervencija nakon Drugog svjetskog rata, a posebno je zanimljiv zahvat koji se izvodi prema projektu slovenskog arhitekta Vinka Glanza na najvećoj zgradi kompleksa – Neptunu III. Naime, u povodu planiranog sastanka predstavnika nesvrstanih zemalja 1956. na Brijunu Velom, Glanz dobiva zadatak od Vlade SFRJ da kompleks hotela Neptun, koji predstavlja vrata otoka, preoblikuje u skladu s političkim aspiracijama ondašnje Jugoslavije. Radom su predstavljeni dosad neobjavljeni nacrti Vinka Glanza za pregradnju Neptuna III, kao i idejno rješenje za preoblikovanje cijeloga kompleksa. Osim Glanzovih intervencija, utvrđene su sve kasnije važnije promjene, poput pregradnje bazenske zgrade i zgrade Neptuna II. Ti su zahvati pridonijeli potpunoj diferencijaciji dijelova prvotno homogene cjeline, što otvara brojna pitanja u vezi s budućom obnovom i prezentacijom kompleksa.
Diagnostic performance of LI-RADS version 2018 in differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma from other hepatic malignancies in patients with hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Shao Shuo , Liang Yingying , Kuang Sichi , Chen Jingbiao , Shan Qungang , Yang Hao , Zhang Yao , Wang Bin , J. Fowler Kathryn , Wang Jin , B. Sirlin Claude
Published: January 2020

The diagnostic performance of the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) in differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from other hepatic malignancies has not been investigated in Chinese patients with chronic liver disease from hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the LI-RADS version 2018 in differentiating HCC, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICCA), and combined HCC-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA) in Chinese patients with HBV infection. Seventy consecutive HBV-infected patients with ICCA (n = 48) or cHCC-CCA (n = 22) who underwent contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) between 2006 and 2017 were enrolled along with a comparison cohort of 70 patients with HCC and CE-MRI-matched for tumor size (10–19 mm, 20–30 mm, 31–50 mm, and >50 mm). Imaging feature frequencies for each tumor type were compared using Fisher’s exact test. The classification accuracy of LR-5 and LR-M was estimated for HCC versus non-HCC (ICCA and cHCC-CCA). The interobserver agreement was good for LI-RADS categories of HCC, and moderate for non-HCC. After consensus read, 66 of 70 (94%) HCCs were categorized LR-5 (including tumor in vein [TIV] with LR-5), while 42 of 48 (88%) ICCAs and 13 of 22 (59%) cHCC-CCAs were categorized LR-M (including TIV with LR-M) (p < 0.001). Thus, assignment of LR-5 provided 94% sensitivity and 81% specificity for HCC. LR-M provided 79% sensitivity and 97% specificity for non-HCC (ICCA and cHCC-CCA); and the sensitivity and accuracy were lower in differentiating HCC from non-HCC (tumor size <20 mm). LI-RADS v2018 category 5 and M reliably differentiated HBV-related HCC from ICCA. However, a substantial proportion of cHCC-CCAs were categorized LR-5 rather than LR-M. While management is controversial for these combined tumors, accurate prospective differentiation is desired for optimal treatment.
Respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn and transient tachypnea of the newborn diagnosis v2
Authors: Augusto Aguiar dos Reis Marconi , Maia C Romanelli Roberta , Reis Zilma
Published: January 2020

The authors detailed describe the standard procedures for immaturity-related respiratory disorders diagnosis during the first 72h of life. These disorders are respiratory distress syndrome of newborn (RDS) and transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN), secondary outcomes in the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform under the numbers RBR-3f5bm5 and RBR33rnjf. It shall be used by the multicenter team of researchers, duly trained following the Good Clinical Practice Protocol, during the prospective evaluation of enrolled newborns to RDS and TTN diagnosis. Also, this protocol is corresponding documentation for the scientific publications related to the clinical trials: "Prematurity detection evaluating interaction between the skin of the newborn and light: protocol for the preemie-test multicentre clinical trial in Brazilian hospitals to validate a new medical device." "Premature or small for gestational age? International multicenter trial protocol for classification of the low birth weight newborn through the optical properties of the skin." New version on 01/26/2020 to adjust typos in steps subheadings
MojoSort™ Mouse CD8a Selection Kit Column Protocol v1
Authors: Li Sam
Published: January 2020

BioLegend MojoSort™ nanobeads work in commonly used separation columns, based on our internal research as well as validation by external testing by academic labs. This simple protocol consists of following the MojoSort™ protocol to label the cells with pre-diluted MojoSort™ reagents and using the columns as indicated by the manufacturer.
CONCEPTUAL AND CATEGORIAL BASIS OF INTERPRETATION LEGAL POLICY
Authors: Gorbatenko Volodymyr
Published: January 2020

The balance between politics and law is a particular area that requires a concerted effort from the legal and political sciences. In line with this, the urgent issue is to find out the particularities of discourse regarding the interaction between politics and law. The purpose of this study is to identify and identify the characteristic features of the basic concepts and categories by which it is expedient to systematize cross-sectoral knowledge in the political and legal sphere. The concept of political and legal reality is proposed to include such concepts as «legal policy», «legal law», «political law», «political and legal values», «social state».
These concepts are viewed from the following perspective: «legal policy» (the basis of legal legitimation, consolidation and implementation of the political course of the country, the will of official leaders and power structures); «Legal law» (normative legal act, the source of which is the sovereign will of the people and whose task is in accordance with the purpose of law and the nature of social relations); «Political law» (regulatory system aimed at supplementing the formal and legal component of natural law management, regulation of the main political structures); «Political and legal values» (the defining characteristics of the collective and individual consciousness that affect the norms, expectations, standards, which are realized in the relations of people, and also form the new foundations of spiritual, cultural, ideological development); «Social state» (the type of state, the basis of which is the desire to provide every citizen with decent living conditions, social protection, participation in the management of production, and ideally about equal life chances, opportunities for self-realization of the individual). Important for the study of the problems of legal political science are also dichotomous correlations of the categories «monism — pluralism in politics and law», «political will — will in law», «political expediency — legal pragmatism». At the same time, the proposed list is indicative and does not exhaust the possibility of applying other concepts and categories that accompany a rather ambiguous relationship between policy and law.
The study applied descriptive and systematic methods that allowed us to summarize and optimize important information to identify key parameters of development and dynamic changes in political and legal reality. In-depth mastery of certain concepts and categories opens new opportunities for further study of state and legal phenomena. In accordance with the tasks of the legal and political sciences, an important problem of the present is the study of boundary problems of politics and law, for a deep understanding of which should combine the resources of the above sciences. First of all, we are talking about the most significant political and legal problems that arise in the context of global state-social transformations.
REGULATORY STATE: FINDING A BALANCE BETWEEN REGULATION AND DEREGULATION
Authors: Bereza Anatolii
Published: January 2020

Improving public administration requires taking into account both the positive and negative consequences of government interference in all spheres of public relations. Systematic, structural, comparative and historical methods were applied to find out the place of the legal regulation of social relations in the formation of a new type of state — the regulatory one. The EU is a prime example of this form of state, which combines neoliberalism, a constant desire for innovation, and a refusal to intervene in the economic sphere, to introduce liberal social security reforms. The main features of the regulatory state are the deregulation of markets and the decentralization of administrative capacity, the emergence of new network capabilities, and multi-level governance. There was also a clear upward trend in integrated regulation and strategic planning policies at all levels: European, national and regional. In a regulatory state, the concept of regulation as authoritarian rule and concerted action requires a clear distinction between «hard» and «soft» regulation. «Hard» regulation requires legislative action and coercive mechanisms to enforce and impose sanctions in case of non-compliance. On the other hand, the use of «soft’ regulation is sometimes seen as regulation through conviction and deliberation aimed at reaching agreement as the most desirable outcome. So modern regulatory state must combine «hard» and «soft» regulation to guarantee economic development and protect society from external risks (globalization, climate change, etc. ). The evolution of a regulatory state on the European continent demonstrates the need to combine deregulation and re-regulation at different levels of public administration and spheres of public activity to maximize the effective use of the power of concentration by public authorities and special knowledge and long-term prospects for the development of semi-governmental organizations. Deregulation enables the state to respond adequately to changes in public relations under the influence of external factors, primarily globalization, and regulation to minimize the negative effects of market failures and protect the humanitarian, social and environmental spheres.