bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Learning dialogs orchestrated with BookRoll: effects on engagement and learning in an undergraduate physics course
Authors: Kannan Vijayanandhini , Warriem Jayakrishnan M. , Majumdar Rwitajit , Ogata Hiroaki
Published: July 2022

With COVID-19 pandemic forcing academic institutions to shift to emergency remote teaching (ERT), teachers worldwide are attempting several strategies to engage their learners. Even though existing research in online learning suggests that effectiveness of the online session is more dependent on pedagogical design rather than technology feature, teachers may still focus on the intricacies of the technology. In this paper, we present the evolution of an active learning pedagogy, supported by technology (eBook reader—BookRoll, Analytics Dashboard—LAViEW), for an undergraduate physics classroom across a semester that was affected by the lockdown due to pandemic. The technology-enhanced pedagogy evolved in three phases—technology used in “Content Focus” mode, technology used in “Problem Focus” mode and technology used in “Learning Dialogue Focus” mode. The entire activities were designed and implemented within the technology-enhanced and evidence-based education and learning (TEEL) ecosystem, which supported integration of learning technologies with analytics system. Comparison of the student’s learning logs indicated that there was a sustained engagement in the learning activities conducted during the blended (before lockdown) and online mode (during lockdown). We had conducted one-way ANOVA to compare the post-test scores for each teaching phase and found statistically significant differences in the latter phases. A preliminary qualitative analysis of the learner artifacts generated as memos in BookRoll during each phase revealed that students were posing conceptual clarifications during the latter phases. These were also having greater alignment with the session agenda and showed construction of new knowledge based on the seed knowledge provided during the instructor–learner interaction sessions. The study provides key insights into how reflection and practice by both learner and teacher improves the acceptance of technology-enabled pedagogy.
Ultrastructural comparison and distribution of sensilla on male and female antennae of the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae): the vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Egypt
Authors: El Sawaf Bahira M. , Ahmed Maha M. , Faragallah Amina M. , Georgi Janette M. , Kassem Hala A.
Published: July 2022

Background

Since sand flies are insects of medical importance and most of its sensilla were found on the antennae, the present investigation was designed to characterize the ultrastructure of the antennae of males and females and the sensilla distribution using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Results

The filiform antenna of males and females consisted of a scape, pedicel, and flagellum. Male antennae appeared longer than those of females and exhibited obvious sexual dimorphism. In addition to the microtrichiae, six cuticular sensillary types, namely trichoid, coeloconic (subtype the common grooved coeloconic), chaetic, campaniform, squamiform, and the basiconic, were identified. The trichoid sensilla occurred in five subtypes, namely long blunt-tipped trichoid, short sharp-tipped trichoid, short blunt-tipped trichoid, medium pointed-tipped trichoid, and apical trichoid. Little changes in the number and distribution pattern of same sensillar types between males and females were revealed. Trichoid sensilla were the most abundant of all sensillar types. The short sharp-tipped trichoid sensilla were observed on the pedicel of males, while in females they were found on both scape and pedicel. The position of the apical trichoid sensilla on the last flagellomere differs in males than in females.

Conclusions

The current study is the first to describe differences in the last three flagellomeres between males and females. Our results could provide a foundation for further research on sensory organs and approaches for the control of sand flies and enable for the use of new taxonomic characters to differentiate among species.
Superior mesenteric arteriovenous fistula embolization with a vascular plug for upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage: a case report
Authors: Shinagawa Austin , Billah Zaeem , Kansagra Kartik , Lam Cuong , Vatakencherry Geogy
Published: July 2022

Background

Superior mesenteric arteriovenous fistula is a rare vascular anomaly often presenting with sequelae of portal hypertension, heart failure, or mesenteric ischemia. This report describes a patient with a previously unidentified superior mesenteric arteriovenous fistula who presented with variceal bleeding, thought to be the leading cause of mortality associated with this condition. Although this patient was initially referred for a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt procedure, following a thorough review of her clinical history and imaging, she instead underwent embolization of the arteriovenous fistula likely responsible for her symptoms.

Case Presentation

A 75-year-old woman with a past surgical history of extensive small bowel resection presented with active variceal bleeding requiring transfusions. She was referred to vascular and interventional radiology for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt procedure; however, her clinical presentation was inconsistent with cirrhosis. This prompted a further review of her imaging, which identified a superior mesenteric arteriovenous fistula as the probable etiology of her varices. This fistula was subsequently embolized with a vascular plug and follow-up upper endoscopy at 1-month demonstrated complete resolution of her varices.

Conclusions

This report highlights a potential etiology of variceal bleeding in the acutely ill patient. Through a thorough consultation, the patient described here was able to avoid a procedure with the potential to cause catastrophic consequences, and instead receive the appropriate treatment for an uncommon condition.

Level of Evidence

Level 4, Case Report.
Students of the World
Authors: Monaville Pedro
Published: July 2022

On June 30, 1960—the day of the Congo’s independence—Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba gave a fiery speech in which he conjured a definitive shift away from a past of colonial oppression toward a future of sovereignty, dignity, and justice. His assassination a few months later showed how much neocolonial forces and the Cold War jeopardized African movements for liberation. In Students of the World, Pedro Monaville traces a generation of Congolese student activists who refused to accept the foreclosure of the future Lumumba envisioned. These students sought to decolonize university campuses, but the projects of emancipation they articulated went well beyond transforming higher education. Monaville explores the modes of being and thinking that shaped their politics. He outlines a trajectory of radicalization in which gender constructions, cosmopolitan dispositions, and the influence of a dissident popular culture mattered as much as access to various networks of activism and revolutionary thinking. By illuminating the many worlds inhabited by Congolese students at the time of decolonization, Monaville charts new ways of writing histories of the global 1960s from Africa.
Anarchist Prophets
Authors: Martel James R.
Published: July 2022

In Anarchist Prophets James R. Martel juxtaposes anarchism with what he calls archism in order to theorize the potential for a radical democratic politics. He shows how archism—a centralized and hierarchical political form that is a secularization of ancient Greek and Hebrew prophetic traditions—dominates contemporary politics through a prophet’s promises of peace and prosperity or the threat of violence. Archism is met by anarchism, in which a community shares a collective form of judgment and vision. Martel focuses on the figure of the anarchist prophet, who leads efforts to regain the authority for the community that archism has stolen. The goal of anarchist prophets is to render themselves obsolete and to cede power back to the collective so as to not become archist themselves. Martel locates anarchist prophets in a range of philosophical, literary, and historical examples, from Hobbes and Nietzsche to Mary Shelley and Octavia Butler to Kurdish resistance in Syria and the Spanish Revolution. In so doing, Martel highlights how anarchist forms of collective vision and action can provide the means to overthrow archist authority.
Memories of a Gay Catholic Boyhood
Authors: D'Emilio John
Published: July 2022

John D’Emilio is one of the leading historians of his generation and a pioneering figure in the field of LGBTQ history. At times his life has been seemingly at odds with his upbringing. How does a boy from an Italian immigrant family in which everyone unfailingly went to confession and Sunday Mass become a lapsed Catholic? How does a family who worshipped Senator Joseph McCarthy and supported Richard Nixon produce an antiwar activist and pacifist? How does a family in which the word divorce was never spoken raise a son who comes to explore the hidden gay sexual underworld of New York City?

Memories of a Gay Catholic Boyhood is D’Emilio’s coming-of-age story in which he takes readers from his working-class Bronx neighborhood to an elite Jesuit high school in Manhattan to Columbia University and the political and social upheavals of the late 1960s. He shares his personal experiences of growing up in a conservative, tight-knit, multigenerational family, how he went from considering entering the priesthood to losing his faith and coming to terms with his same-sex desires. Throughout, D’Emilio outlines his complicated relationship with his family while showing how his passion for activism influenced his decision to use research, writing, and teaching to build a strong LGBTQ movement.

This is not just John D’Emilio’s personal story; it opens a window into how the conformist baby boom decade of the 1950s transformed into the tumultuous years of radical social movements and widespread protest during the 1960s. It is the story of what happens when different cultures and values collide and the tensions and possibilities for personal discovery and growth that emerge. Intimate and honest, D’Emilio’s story will resonate with anyone who has had to chart their own path in a world they did not expect to find.
No Machos or Pop Stars
Authors: Butt Gavin
Published: July 2022

After punk’s arrival in 1976, many art students in the northern English city of Leeds traded their paintbrushes for guitars and synthesizers. In bands ranging from Gang of Four, Soft Cell, and Delta 5 to the Mekons, Scritti Politti, and Fad Gadget, these artists-turned-musicians challenged the limits of what was deemed possible in rock and pop music. Taking avant-garde ideas to the record-buying public, they created Situationist antirock and art punk, penned deconstructed pop ditties about Jacques Derrida, and took the aesthetics of collage and shock to dark, brooding electro-dance music. In No Machos or Pop Stars Gavin Butt tells the fascinating story of the post-punk scene in Leeds, showing how England’s state-funded education policy brought together art students from different social classes to create a fertile ground for musical experimentation. Drawing on extensive interviews with band members, their associates, and teachers, Butt details the groups who wanted to dismantle both art world and music industry hierarchies by making it possible to dance to their art. Their stories reveal the subversive influence of art school in a regional music scene of lasting international significance.
Role of interventional oncology in hepatocellular carcinoma: Future best practice beyond current guidelines
Authors: Goyal Piyush , Salem Riad , Mouli Samdeep K.
Published: July 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Liver transplant remains the goal of curative treatment, but limited supply of organs decreases accessibility and prolongs waiting time to transplantation. Therefore, interventional oncology therapies have been used to treat the majority of HCC patients, including those awaiting transplant. The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) classification is the most widely used staging system in management of HCC that helps allocate treatments. Since its inception in 1999, it was updated for the fifth time in November 2021 and for the first time shaped by expert opinions outside the core BCLC group. The most recent version includes additional options for early-stage disease, substratifies intermediate disease into three groups, and lists alternates to Sorafenib that can double the expected survival of advanced-stage disease. The group also proposed a new BCLC staging schema for disease progression, and endorsed treatment stage migration (TSM) directly into the main staging and treatment algorithm. This article reviews the recent developments underlying the current BCLC guidelines and highlights ongoing research, particularly involving radioembolization, that will shape future best practice.
Intracranial lipoma with extra cranial subcutaneous component with a midline bony defect and persistent falcine sinus
Authors: Bellamkonda Santh Kumar , Vadana Balamuralikrishna , Kondragunta Chandrasekhara rao , Balije Swetha
Published: July 2022

Intracranial lipomas are only 0.06–0.46% of intracranial lesions, forming a rare type of congenital malformation. Interhemispheric lipoma associated with subcutaneous component is extremely rare. They are usually asymptomatic, but may also present with seizures, raised intracranial pressure, dementia, hemiparesis, persistent headaches, psychomotor retardation and cranial nerve defects. These are associated with vascular, bone, tentorial and other abnormalities. MR examination must be considered to evaluate for a possibility of intracranial component and to rule out other anomalies. Here, we present features of a rare presentation of intracranial lipoma.
What Intellectual Ethics for Contemporary Science? Perspectives of Virtue Epistemology
Authors: Jarczewski Dominik
Published: July 2022

In face of unethical incidents that threaten the world of science, a question of the necessity and a possible shape of intellectual ethics has been raised. The article argues that advantages of virtue epistemology make it more attractive than other models of intellectual ethics (deontology, in particular). To that purpose, it reviews alternative models for intellectual ethics, analyses and criticises deontological approach and demonstrates the virtues of the virtue approach. As problems with implementation of virtue ethics have been put against that approach, the article addresses the question of how to promote virtue intellectual ethics. It discusses four possible methods of formation in virtues: theoretical, success-oriented, social and based on emulating exemplars. It argues for the role of excellent exemplars (both direct and narrative) whose emulation forms virtues in agent. The conclusions of the article should transform the way we think about intellectual ethics and promote it.
Science and Responsibility. About the Role of Values in Science
Authors: Rąb Łukasz
Published: July 2022

The introduction to the current quarterly issue.
A Histomorphology Comparison of Saw-Tooth Shaped Rete Ridge Between Oral and Cutaneous Lichen Planus
Authors: Saharkhiz Arezoo , Aminzadeh Atousa , Yahyaabady Roya
Published: July 2022

Lichen planus is chronic and comparatively collective inflammatory mucocutaneous disease. The histopathological features of oral lichen planus were described as comparable to those of cutaneous lichen planus(CLP). Among those saw-toothed rete ridges are introduced as less important histopathologic features of idiopathic OLP in contrast to CLP. Accordingly, existing study aimed to estimate existence of saw tooth rete ridges in OLP in comparison to CLP.; In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 56; E stained slides with clinical and histopathological diagnoses of OLP were randomly collected from the archive of the oral pathology laboratory. CLP cases were selected randomly from a private pathology laboratory and were evaluated for the presence of saw-toothed rete ridges. Collected data were evaluated using Chi-square; Fishers exact test in SPSS 24 at an error level of 0.05%. Chi-square test did not show a substantial difference between oral; cutaneous groups in terms of the shape of the rete ridges (p = 0.511). Outcomes of existing study showed that saw tooth rete ridge was seen in OLP similar to CLP. Future studies concerning clinical subtype and type of keratosis are recommended.
Could the NHS be performing more life-saving transcatheter aortic valve implantation procedures?
Authors: Woan Wil
Published: July 2022

Wil Woan, executive director of Heart Valve Voice, the UK's dedicated heart valve charity, calls for change in the NHS to ensure that patients receive life-saving transcatheter aortic valve implantation procedures.
The relevance of genomics in health visiting
Authors: Hancock Dave
Published: July 2022

Health Education England deems genomics a potentially powerful addition to a health visitor's toolkit for supporting families. Dave Hancock explains what you can expect to learn from their new resources
The physiological mechanisms of acupuncture analgesia and its applications within veterinary practice
Authors: McTiernan Sean
Published: July 2022

The practice of acupuncture as a method of pain relief is becoming increasingly popular in veterinary medicine. With recent advances in neuroimaging and molecular biology studies we now have measurable results to aid with our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of acupuncture-induced analgesia. Multiple body regions can be accessed through individual acupuncture points via the peripheral nervous system and its connection to the central nervous system. Acupuncture's analgesic effects can be conceptually divided into local, segmental (spinal), and suprasegmental (brain) effects and involve the enhanced release of analgesic endogenous substances (e.g. opioids) and reducing the release of pain-inducing substances such as inflammatory cytokines. Electroacupuncture is proving to be the most effective acupuncture delivery method through providing a more potent stimulus to the acupuncture point leading to greater substance release. The purpose of this review article is to summarise some of the mechanisms behind acupuncture analgesia and to highlight how many veterinary patients could benefit from its use.
Stabilization of the mean wavelength of an erbium-doped fiber source as part of high-accuracy FOG with increased spectrum width
Authors: Kikilich Nikita , Aleinik Artem , Pogudin Grigorii , Vostrikov Evgenii , Smolovik Mikhail , Vinogradov Andrei , Zalesskaia Iuliia , Motorin Evgenii
Published: July 2022

The mean wavelength, spectrum width, and optical power of the output light of an erbium-doped fiber source (EDFS) are key parameters for navigation systems based on navigation-grade and strategic-grade fiber optic gyroscopes (FOGs). We propose a method of simultaneous stabilization for EDFS parameters. The essence of this method is to stabilize the constant values of the mean wavelength and optical power by real-time adjustment of the two laser diodes’ pump ratios during temperature changes using an EDFS double-pass bidirectional optical scheme with the unpumped erbium-doped fiber. The achieved temperature stability of the EDFS mean wavelength as a component of the FOG was 0.32 ppm/°C, and the spectrum width at half-maximum was more than 16.5 nm.
Spectroscopy of individual Brownian nanoparticles in real-time using holographic localization
Authors: Nguyen Minh-Chau , Berto Pascal , Valentino Fabrice , Kanoufi Frederic , Tessier Gilles
Published: July 2022

Individual nanoparticle spectroscopic characterization is fundamental, but challenging in liquids. While confocal selectivity is necessary to isolate a particle in a crowd, Brownian motion constantly offsets the particle from the light collection volume. Here, we present a system able to acquire holograms and reconstruct them to precisely determine the 3D position of a particle in real time. These coordinates drive an adaptive system comprising two galvanometric mirrors (x,y, transverse directions) and a tunable lens (z, longitudinal) which redirect light scattered from the corresponding region of space towards the confocal entrance of a spectrometer, thus allowing long spectral investigations on individual, freely-moving particles. A study of the movements and spectra of individual 100 nm Au nanoparticles undergoing two types of aggregations illustrates the possibilities of the method.
Deep-learning-assisted communication capacity enhancement by non-orthogonal state recognition of structured light
Authors: Wang Hao , Zhan Ziyu , Shen Yijie , Hu Jianqi , Fu Xing , Liu Qiang
Published: July 2022

In light of pending capacity crunch in information era, orbital-angular-momenta-carrying vortex beams are gaining traction thanks to enlarged transmission capability. However, high-order beams are confronted with fundamental limits of nontrivial divergence or distortion, which consequently intensifies research on new optical states like low-order fractional vortex beams. Here, we experimentally demonstrate an alternative mean to increase the capacity by simultaneously utilizing multiple non-orthogonal states of structured light, challenging a prevailing view of using orthogonal states as information carriers. Specifically, six categories of beams are jointly recognized with accuracy of >99% by harnessing an adapted deep neural network, thus providing the targeted wide bandwidth. We then manifest the efficiency by sending/receiving a grayscale image in 256-ary mode encoding and shift keying schemes, respectively. Moreover, the well-trained model is able to realize high fidelity recognition (accuracy >0.8) onto structured beams under unknown turbulence and restricted receiver aperture size. To gain insights of the framework, we further interpret the network by revealing the contributions of intensity signals from different positions. This work holds potential in intelligence-assisted large-capacity and secure communications, meeting ever growing demand of daily information bandwidth.
Thermal lens effect with light’s orbital angular momentum
Authors: Li Yuan , Zhang Wuhong , Chen Lixiang
Published: July 2022

Thermal lens effect has been well developed and exploited for decades by using the Gaussian intensity distribution of a laser beam. In this paper, a new thermal lens effect by using a laser beam with Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) is proposed. We find that the dynamic process for the formation of the OAM-thermal lens has reda rapid change towards the evolution direction at the beginning but then slowly approaches to a steady state for a while. This phenomenon is significantly different from the traditional Gaussian-thermal lens, thus it may be used to improve the sensitivity of the absorption spectrum for the chemical and biomedical analysis. Besides, theoretically and experimentally, the factors affecting the steady state of the OAM-thermal lens are also studied, hoping these may provide a useful reference for the research community. We also find a potential slow thermal-optical gate that can control of light passing through or blocking by changing the OAM of the heating beam. Our work opens the door which utilizes the structured light beam to study the thermal-optical effect, and more interesting phenomena remain to be explored.
Anisotropic slot waveguides with bulk transition metal dichalcogenides for crosstalk reduction and high-efficiency mode conversion
Authors: Huang Chia-Chien
Published: July 2022

Conventional slot waveguides (CSWs) consisting of an isotropic low-index material sandwiched by two high-index silicon wires have been extensively used in functional photonic devices, including chemical sensing, optical modulating, and all-optical signal processing, due to its significantly enhanced electric field perpendicular to the interfaces in the slot layer. However, there are two drawbacks to be improved if the CSWs are used for signal transmission in photonic integrated circuits, including the crosstalk between waveguides and direct butting mode conversion efficiency (MCE) to a silicon (Si)-strip waveguide. In this study, we propose an anisotropic SW with bulk transition metal dichalcogenide (ASWTMD) to relieve the two shortcomings by replacing the isotropic low-index slot layer with a bulk molybdenum disulfide layer having a high refractive index and giant optical anisotropy. We demonstrated the crosstalk reduction (CR) of the proposed ASWTMD by analyzing the mode profile, power confinement, and coupling strength. We also investigated the MCE by examining the mode overlap ratio and power evolution. The proposed ASWTMD shows significant CR and superior MCE for the transverse electric and transverse magnetic modes compared to those of a CSW with a SiO2-slot layer. The present design paves the possible extensibility to other transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) for designing state-of-the-art TMD-based photonic devices exploiting their extraordinary optical properties.
Adaptive trust-region-based algorithm for the discrete eigenvalue evaluation of the direct nonlinear Fourier transform
Authors: He Jianqing , Jianping Li , Qin Yuwen , Lin Ning , Yu Xinkuo , He Yonghua , Xu Ou , Peng Di , Xiang Meng , Zhou Gai , Fu Songnian
Published: July 2022

We propose an adaptive method for numerical computation of discrete eigenvalues of the direct nonlinear Fourier transform (NFT). The approach is based on trust region algorithm and modified objective function, which can alleviate the problem of sensitivity to initial values of the Newton–Raphson method, and enhance the robustness as well as reduce the computational complexity. The reliability and performance of the novel, to the best of our knowledge, approach have been demonstrated to a single eigenvalue and multiple eigenvalues of the NFT. Meanwhile, the proposed method can be used not only to solve the complex pulses with a large number of discrete eigenvalues, but also to solve those with eigenvalues having extremely small difference. The results show that the proposed approach represents a significant improvement in comparison with previous reports in the computation accuracy and complexity.
Experimental demonstration of dynamic spatiotemporal structured beams that simultaneously exhibit two orbital angular momenta by combining multiple frequency lines, each carrying multiple Laguerre–Gaussian modes
Authors: Pang Kai , Zou Kaiheng , Zhao Zhe , Song Hao , Zhou Yiyu , Karpov Maxim , Yessenov Murat , Shiri Abbas , Song Haoqian , Zhang Runzhou , Zhou Huibin , Su Xinzhou , Hu Nanzhe , Minoofar Amir , Kippenberg Tobias J. , Boyd Robert W. , Abouraddy Ayman F. , Tur Moshe , Willner Alan E.
Published: July 2022

In general, there are different, relatively independent forms of orbital angular momenta at a given propagation distance, which might exhibit different dynamic spatial characteristics. One type involves a beam with a helical phasefront that rotates around its own beam center, such as a Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) beam with an azimuthal index not equal to zero. The other one is a Gaussian-like beam dot that revolves around a central axis. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the generation of a dynamic spatiotemporal (ST) structured beam that simultaneously exhibits both rotation and revolution at a given propagation distance. Nine Kerr frequency comb lines are coherently combined, each carrying a designed superposition of multiple LG modes containing one unique ℓ value and multiple p values. Experimental results show that the mode purity of the reconstructed revolving and rotating LG30 beam is ∼89% when both the beam waist and revolving radius (R) are 0.4 mm. Moreover, we explore the effects of the number of frequency comb lines and the R value on the mode purity of the generated ST beam. Consequently, we find that a higher mode purity can be achieved by involving more frequency comb lines or reducing the R.
Efficient diode-pumped all-solid-state ultrafast 2.3 µm thulium-doped yttrium lithium fluoride laser
Authors: Zhou Xue , Li Jiatong , Mao Jiajia , Hu Ping , Nie Hongkun , Wang Huahang , Wang Ruihua , Li Tao , Zhang Baitao , He Jingliang , Yang Kejian
Published: July 2022

A diode-pumped passively mode-locked Tm3+-doped yttrium lithium fluoride (YLF) bulk laser at ∼2.3 µm is successfully achieved by using a kind of GaAs-based semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM). When working in the continuous mode-locking regime, stable ultrashort pulses with a duration of 52.5 ps and a repetition rate of 67 MHz are generated, with a corresponding maximum dual-output power of 284 mW. The radio-frequency spectrum of the output pulses demonstrates a high signal-to-noise ratio of 60 dB. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a diode-pumped all-solid-state passively mode-locked thulium-doped laser at ∼2.3 µm.
Silicon four-quadrant photodetector working at the 1550-nm telecommunication wavelength
Authors: Wang Zhao , Zhang Ziyu , Zou Kai , Meng Yun , Hu Xiaolong
Published: July 2022

In this Letter, we demonstrate a silicon four-quadrant photodetector working at the 1550-nm telecommunication wavelength and apply it to the measurements of the light-beam positions and deflection angles. Incident light changes the admittance of each quadrant photodetector through subbandgap optical absorption, and this change of admittance is read out through transimpedance amplification and lock-in readout circuitry. By monitoring the optical power received by the four quadrant photodetectors, we measure and track the position of the optical beam. Without any modification, the same device and associated circuit can also work at wavelengths shorter than the long-wavelength limit of silicon, for example, at 780 nm, as we demonstrate.
Photocurrent generation following long-range propagation of organic exciton–polaritons
Authors: Liu Bin , Huang Xinjing , Hou Shaocong , Fan Dejiu , Forrest Stephen R.
Published: July 2022

Natural photosynthesis exploited by both plants and bacteria provides
essential energy and chemicals for sustaining life. A photosynthetic
system often comprises antenna complexes (ACs) that absorb incident
sunlight and deliver the molecular excited state energy to a central
reaction center (RC) that converts the energy to charge. Numerous
efforts have been made to mimic natural photosynthesis using organic
materials. However, short-range energy transport due to material
disorder has hindered their success. Here, we demonstrate a
photodetector that mimics this natural architecture. It employs an AC
that exploits exceptionally long-range (

∼

100

µ

m

) Bloch surface wave polariton
propagation that directs the excited states to an organic
heterojunction detector serving as the RC. Exciton–polaritons are
largely immune to localization due to the partial photonic character
of the polariton, which consequently transports energy over
extraordinary distances from its point of origin. Exciton–polaritons
are edge-coupled into an RC that harvests excitation energy by
dissociation into an electron and hole. This device relies on
polariton-to-charge conversion combined with long-range energy
transport for the direct detection of excited states in organic
semiconductors. Our work paves the way for the realization of
large-scale artificial photosynthetic systems comprising integrated
organic photonic and optoelectronic devices with efficient energy
transport and harvesting under ambient conditions.
General strategy for ultrabroadband and wide-angle absorbers via multidimensional design of functional motifs
Authors: Yuan Qi , Xu Cuilian , Jiang Jinming , Li Yongfeng , Cheng Yang , Wang He , Yan Mingbao , Wang Jiafu , Ma Hua , Qu Shaobo
Published: July 2022

Developing wide-angle, polarization-independent, and effective electromagnetic absorbers that endow devices with versatile characteristics in solar, terahertz, and microwave regimes is highly desired, yet it is still facing a theoretical challenge. Herein, a general and straightforward strategy is proposed to surmount the impedance mismatching in the ultrabroadband and wide-angle absorber design. A vertical atom sticking on

N
×
N

horizontal meta-atoms with conductive film is proposed as the functional motif, exhibiting the strong ohmic dissipation along both vertical and horizontal directions. Assisted by the intelligent optimization strategy, the structure dimension, location, and film distribution are designed to maintain absorbing performance under different incident angles. As a demonstration, an absorber was designed and proved in both simulation and experiment. Significantly, the over 10 dB absorption from 5 to 34 GHz is achieved in the range of 0° to 70° for both TE and TM, and even 3 to 40 GHz from 60° to 70° for the TE wave. Meanwhile, the proposed multidimensional design of functional motifs can be attached with optical transparency function at will. That is to say, our effort provides an effective scheme for expanding matching area and may also be made in optical, infrared, and terahertz regimes.
Climate change disturbances contextualize the outcomes of coral-reef fisheries management across Micronesia
Authors: Houk Peter , McInnis Andrew , Benavente David , Gaag Mike , Maxin Selino , McLean Matthew , Nam Joe , Segal Bond , Skilling Trenton , Teriso Chimres , Hemminger Jeff
Published: July 2022

Climate change is increasing disturbance events on coral reefs with poorly understood consequences for fish population dynamics and fisheries management. Given growing concerns over food security for the tropical Pacific, we assessed fisheries management policies across a suite of Micronesian islands since 2014 as climate disturbance events have intensified. Disturbances associated with the 2015–2017 ENSO led to significant mortality of corals and calcifying substrates and replacement with algae and detritus, followed by a doubling of biomass across all fish guilds that was proportional to their starting points for all islands. Increased fish biomass was equally attributed to growth of individuals evidenced by increased size structures, and recruitment/survival evidenced by larger population densities. However, the pulsed increase of fish biomass lasted 1–2 years for islands with limited and isolated MPA but remained high for islands with effective MPA networks for 4 years until the study ended. Meanwhile, policies to protect grouper spawning seasons resulted in increased occurrences that were magnified by disturbances and MPA. Grouper increases were largest where both spawning season bans and MPA networks existed, helping to tease apart the management-from-disturbance responses. Smaller rates of increases over longer time were observed for species with commercial fishing bans (bumphead parrotfish, Napoleon wrasse, and sharks). Yet, occurrences remain low in comparison to remote-island baselines, and MPA only provided benefits for juveniles in inner lagoons. Recent trends for these species were less influenced by climate disturbances compared to groupers. The results cautioned how short-term responses of fish assemblages following climate disturbances can provide false signs of success for some management policies without contextual reference baselines that may not exist. Positively, improvements were noted for both MPA and species policies in our region that are expected to benefit reef resilience.
Multiplex PCR assay to detect high risk lineages of Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A
Authors: Khokhar Fahad , Pickard Derek , Dyson Zoe , Iqbal Junaid , Pragasam Agila , John Jobin Jacob , Veeraraghavan Balaji , Qamar Farah , Dougan Gordon , MacQueen Hilary , Rigas Sushila , Holmes Mark , Mutreja Ankur
Published: July 2022

Enteric fever infections remain a significant public health issue, with up to 20 million infections per year. Increasing rates of antibiotic resistant strains have rendered many first-line antibiotics potentially ineffective. Genotype 4.3.1 (H58) is the main circulating lineage of S. Typhi in many South Asian countries and is associated with high levels of antibiotic resistance. The emergence and spread of extensively drug resistant (XDR) typhoid strains has increased the need for a rapid molecular test to identify and track these high-risk lineages for surveillance and vaccine prioritisation. Current methods require samples to be cultured for several days, followed by DNA extraction and sequencing to determine the specific lineage. We designed and evaluated the performance of a new multiplex PCR assay, targeting S. Paratyphi A as well as the H58 and XDR lineages of S. Typhi on a collection of bacterial strains. Our assay was 100% specific for the identification of lineage specific S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A, when tested with a mix of non-Typhi Salmonella and non-Salmonella strains. With additional testing on clinical and environmental samples, this assay will allow rapid lineage level detection of typhoid of clinical significance, at a significantly lower cost to whole-genome sequencing. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a SNP-based multiplex PCR assay for the detection of lineage specific serovars of Salmonella Typhi.
PROM1, CXCL8, RUNX1, NAV1 and TP73 genes as independent markers predictive of prognosis or response to treatment in two cohorts of high-grade serous ovarian cancer patients
Authors: Dansonka-Mieszkowska Agnieszka , Szafron Laura Aleksandra , Kulesza Magdalena , Stachurska Anna , Leszczynski Pawel , Tomczyk-Szatkowska Agnieszka , Sobiczewski Piotr , Parada Joanna , Kulinczak Mariusz , Moes-Sosnowska Joanna , Pienkowska-Grela Barbara , Kupryjanczyk Jolanta , Chechlinska Magdalena , Szafron Lukasz Michal
Published: July 2022

Considering the vast biological diversity and high mortality rate in high-grade ovarian cancers, identification of novel biomarkers, enabling precise diagnosis and effective, less aggravating treatment, is of paramount importance. Based on scientific literature data, we selected 80 cancer-related genes and evaluated their mRNA expression in 70 high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) samples by Real-Time qPCR. The results were validated in an independent Northern American cohort of 85 HGSOC patients with publicly available NGS RNA-seq data. Detailed statistical analyses of our cohort with multivariate Cox and logistic regression models considering clinico-pathological data and different TP53 mutation statuses, revealed an altered expression of 49 genes to affect the prognosis and/or treatment response. Next, these genes were investigated in the validation cohort, to confirm the clinical significance of their expression alterations, and to identify genetic variants with an expected high or moderate impact on their products. The expression changes of five genes, PROM1, CXCL8, RUNX1, NAV1, TP73, were found to predict prognosis or response to treatment in both cohorts, depending on the TP53 mutation status. In addition, we revealed novel and confirmed known SNPs in these genes, and showed that SNPs in the PROM1 gene correlated with its elevated expression.
The association of different target temperatures in targeted temperature management with neurological outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest based on a prospective multicenter observational study in Korea (the KORHN-PRO registry): IPTW analysis
Authors: Kim Hyo Joon , Youn Chun Song , Park Kyu Nam , Kim Young-Min , Lee Byung Kook , Jeung Kyung Woon , Kim Won Young , Choi Seung Pill , Kim Soo Hyun ,   on behalf of the Korean Hypothermia Network Investigator
Published: July 2022

Background

Among comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), targeted temperature management (TTM) has improved neurological outcomes. However, although the target temperature shifted from 33°C to 33°C~36°C, the optimal target temperature is still unclear. The goal of this study was to evaluate neurological outcomes at 6 months at target temperatures of 33°C and 36°C.

Materials and methods

We analyzed OHCA survivors who underwent TTM and were recorded in the Korean Hypothermia Network, a prospective multicenter registry, from October 2015 to December 2018. The primary outcome was good neurological outcome at six months, defined as a cerebral performance category of 1–2, and the secondary outcome was survival at 6 months.

Results

A total of 1339 patients were treated with TTM in twenty-two emergency departments. Of those, 1054 were treated at 33°C, and 285 were treated at 36°C. There was no significant difference in good neurological outcomes at 6 months (30.6% vs. 31.2%, p = 0.850, adjusted OR 0.97, 95% CI = 0.73–1.29]) and survival at six months (41.4% vs. 38.7%, p = 0.401, adjusted HR 1.08, 95% CI = 0.91–1.28]) between TTM 33°C and TTM 36°C. After propensity score matching, good neurological outcomes at 6 months (OR 0.93, 95% CI = 0.74–1.18) and survival at 6 months (HR 1.05, 95% CI = 0.92–1.21) were still not associated with TTM 33°C and TTM 36°C.

Conclusion

In this study, patients treated with a target temperature of 33°C had similar good neurological outcomes and survival at six months compared with those treated with a target temperature of 36°C.
Cost effectiveness of temporary isolation rooms in acute care settings in Singapore
Authors: Graves Nicholas , Cai Yiying , Mitchell Brett , Fisher Dale , Kiernan Martin
Published: July 2022

Objectives

To estimate the change to health service costs and health benefits from a decision to adopt temporary isolation rooms that are effective at isolating the patient within a general ward environment. We assess the cost-effectiveness of a decision to adopt an existing temporary isolation room in a Singapore setting.

Method

We performed a model-based cost-effectiveness analysis to evaluate the impact of a decision to adopt temporary isolation rooms for infection prevention. We estimated changes to the costs from implementation, the number of cases of healthcare associated infection, acute care bed days used, they money value of bed days, the number of deaths, and the expected change to life years. We report the probability that adoption was cost-effective by the cost by life year gained, against a relevant threshold. Uncertainty is addressed with probabilistic sensitivity analysis and the findings are tested with plausible scenarios for the effectiveness of the intervention.

Results

We predict 478 fewer cases of HAI per 100,000 occupied bed days from a decision to adopt temporary isolation rooms. This will result in cost savings of $SGD329,432 and there are 1,754 life years gained. When the effectiveness of the intervention is set at 1% of cases of HAI prevented the incremental cost per life year saved is $16,519; below the threshold chosen for cost-effectiveness in Singapore.

Conclusions

We provide some evidence that adoption of a temporary isolation room is cost-effective for Singapore acute care hospitals. It is plausible that adoption is a positive decision for other countries in the region who may demonstrate fewer resources for infection prevention and control.
Pós-memoria e política dos afetos: a Marcha del Silêncio como política cultural
Authors: Gadea Carlos A.
Published: July 2022

A presente reflexão histórica remete a um fenómeno político e cultural de mobilização social que permite ativar duas noções analíticas importantes para o debate atual nos estudos sobre memória e cultura: a de pós-memoria e a de política dos afetos. Em que sentido a Marcha del Silencio permite ser compreendida como um fenómeno político e social da pós-memoria de gerações de uruguaios envolvidos nos acontecimentos da ditadura cívico-militar dos anos de 1970 e 1980 no país? Considera-se que esta mobilização é um exemplo contemporâneo de uma produção cultural com base a uma política dos afetos, estratégia e identificação que se vale do “sentir-se afetado”, “implicado”, daquilo que permite unificar, articular e construir uma mobilização pública apresentada tal qual um evento cultural, e que permite transcender os próprios limites políticos que lhe deram origem.
The Studium in the mirror of the Bibles moralisées. Moral exegesis and social imaginary of the Parisian masters (13th-15th century)
Authors: Destemberg Antoine
Published: July 2022

As looking at the urban Europe at the end of the Middle Ages as a laboratory of modern sociological thought, Parisian scholars are an efficient observatory, not only because they formed one of the new categories born in the urban world of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, but also because they had intellectual tools useful for their self-promotion. Asserting their own social identity was also a part of a wider undertaking to articulate a structured and hierarchical socio-political order, which this Parisian masters intended to promote among the royal elites. The Bibles moralisées were an essential part of this process, providing an exegetical outreach of the God message and offering a living panorama of society to its princely readership. Social order is merged with moral order, and draws its justifications from the holy history experiences. In this world, doctores and scolares have a prominent place, for they are the guardians and dispensers of divine doctrine.
Alonso de la Vera Cruz’s Manuals and the University of Mexico in 16th Century: Teaching Theology and Arts from a Missionary Perspective
Authors: Egío García José Luis
Published: July 2022

The creation of the University of Mexico (1553) favoured the intensification of the processes of translation of normative knowledge between Europe and America, which had already begun with the arrival of the first Spanish conquistadores and missionaries to the New World. This article offers a synthesis of the recent historiography on the University of colonial Mexico, to be profiled as a missionary Studium, clearly differentiated from the European models with which it has tended to be compared (in particular, Salamanca). Focusing on the printed works of the Augustinian friar Alonso de la Vera Cruz (1507-84), one of the first teachers at the University of Mexico, we find representative examples of the type of propaedeutic teaching of the Arts (Logic, Natural Philosophy) which was common in the particular academic context of 16th-century New Spain. On the other hand, the theological production of Vera Cruz illustrates well the strategies of flexibilization and localization that were put into practice in order to successfully translate the preexisting Christian normativity to unforeseen and challenging contexts.
Do rei, da rainha ou da infanta: o tabelionado de Torres Vedras entre os séculos XIII e XV
Authors: Pereira Ferreira Ana
Published: July 2022

Conhecer o tabelionado das vilas e cidades portuguesas é um exercício que vai além da simples análise diplomática da documentação medieval. Na verdade, a análise destes homens permite-nos ter um maior conhecimento sobre os ofícios medievais presentes nas vilas e cidades, as relações sociais e de clientelismo, os parentescos, os recursos económicos que cada um tentava alcançar, o desenvolvimento cultural de determinada zona. Pretendeu-se, nesta reflexão, dar a conhecer o tabelionado torriense que laborou entre os reinados de D. Dinis (1279-1325) e D. Afonso V (1438-1481), analisando as suas carreiras. Com o devido enquadramento dado pelo que se sabe sobre a história medieval da vila, procurou-se conhecer as características gerais do tabelionado torriense e a partir daí estabelecer ligações entre os números do tabelionado torriense e vicissitudes históricas como a Peste Negra, o Cerco de Torres Vedras de 1384 ou quem detinha o poder sobre a vila. Tentou-se também entender os sinais usados pelos oficiais da escrita torrienses e traçar alguns paralelos com signum de tabeliães de Lisboa. Outra problemática abordada foi a das intitulações destes homens: um período particularmente interessante de analisar é o do Interregno de 1383-85. Por fim, procurou-se conhecer a tipologia documental produzida em Torres Vedras e comparar com o que sucedia em outras cidades e vilas do reino.