bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design, modeling, and fabrication of high frequency Oersted lines for electron spin manipulation in silicon based quantum devices
Authors: Gaunin Mark-Yves , Namboodiri Pradeep , Restelli Alessandro , Kashid Ranjit , Wang Xiqiao , Fei Fan , Courts Brian , Utsav  , Kamalon Pulikodan Vijith , Wyrick Jonathan , Silver Richard
Published: October 2024

Coherent manipulation of electron spins is one of the central challenges of silicon-based quantum computing efforts. Electron spin resonance (ESR) lines, or Oersted lines, allow 10–60 GHz radio frequency (RF) pulses to induce an electromagnetic field that drives Rabi oscillations in a quantum dot interface. The frequency of these Rabi oscillations is directly proportional to the strength of the induced electromagnetic field. We outline a methodology for the design of a printed circuit board and an ESR line that is able to transmit an RF pulse in the 40 GHz regime and induce an oscillating magnetic field onto a qubit device. We propose and implement a novel design by coupling a second symmetrical Oersted line in the opposing direction of the first to act as an antenna for the purpose of monitoring power and magnetic field strength at the embedded device interface.
Mice lacking acid-sensing ion channel 2 in the medial prefrontal cortex exhibit social dominance
Authors: Lin Boren , Jin Zhen , Park Gyeongah , Ge Qian , Singh Kritika , Ryan V William G. , Imami Ali Sajid , Naghavi Farzaneh , Miller Olivia Ann , Khan Saira , Lu Hui , McCullumsmith Robert E. , Du Jianyang
Published: October 2024

Social dominance is essential for maintaining a stable society and has both positive and negative impacts on social animals, including humans. However, the regulatory mechanisms governing social dominance, as well as the crucial regulators and biomarkers involved, remain poorly understood. We discover that mice lacking acid-sensing ion channel 2 (ASIC2) exhibit persistently higher social dominance than their wild-type cagemates. Conversely, overexpression of ASIC2 in the medial prefrontal cortex reverses the dominance hierarchy observed in ASIC2 knockout (Asic2−/−) mice.Asic2−/−neurons exhibit increased synaptic transmission and plasticity, potentially mediated by protein kinase A signaling pathway. Furthermore, ASIC2 plays distinct functional roles in excitatory and inhibitory neurons, thereby modulating the balance of neuronal activities underlying social dominance behaviors—a phenomenon suggestive of a cell subtype–specific mechanism. This research lays the groundwork for understanding the mechanisms of social dominance, offering potential insights for managing social disorders, such as depression and anxiety.
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- and carbapenemase-producing
Escherichia coli
isolates causing hospital- and community-acquired infections in Tunisia (2001–2019): expansion of CTX-M-15-C2 and CTX-M-27-C1 ST131 subclades
Authors: Sallem Nesrine , Ben Mansour Noura , Amri Hana , Boudaoura Mohamed , Gargouri Olfa , Mahjoubi Faouzia , Hammami Adnene , Mnif Basma
Published: October 2024

The prevalence of infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing
Escherichia coli
(ESBL-EC) and carbapenemase-producing
E. coli
(CP-EC) is increasing worldwide. We investigated the epidemiology of ESBL-EC and CP-EC causing hospital-acquired (HA) infections in a large teaching hospital in Tunisia over the last two decades and compared it with a collection of 107 community-acquired (CA) ESBL-EC isolates. Between 2001 and 2019, the incidence of HA ESBL-EC increased significantly from 0.08 to 0.32 cases per 1,000 patient days, due entirely to the rapid emergence and expansion of ST131, which accounted for 42.3% (157/371) of HA ESBL-EC. Most ESBL-EC harbored the CTX-M type (92%) with a predominance of blaCTX-M-15. The C2/H30-Rx subclone (
n
= 103, 65.6%) accounted for 90% of ST131 isolates between 2003 and 2012 and was exclusively associated with CTX-M-15, whereas cluster C1-M27, which was associated with CTX-M-27, emerged in 2013 and expanded gradually to 55% of ST131 in 2019. ST131 prevalence was higher among CA ESBL-EC than HA ESBL-EC (63.6% vs. 42.3%,
P
= 0.002). CA C2 subclone and non-ST131 isolates showed higher virulence scores than HA isolates. The incidence of CP-EC remained stable over the study period with a mean of 0.08 cases per 1,000 patient days. Among the 38 identified CP-EC isolates, only 16.2% belonged to the ST131 clone and 81.5% produced OXA-48-like carbapenemases. ST131 is the major driver of ESBL-EC spread in both hospital and community settings in Tunisia, mainly linked to the expansion of the CTX-M-15-C2 and CTX-M-27-C1 subclades. The emergence of CP-EC requires ongoing genomic surveillance.

IMPORTANCE

We aimed to investigate the microbiological features of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing
Escherichia coli
(ESBL-EC) and carbapenemase-producing
E. coli
(CP-EC) causing hospital- and community-acquired infections in Tunisia over the last two decades. The study captured the emergence and expansion of the CTX-M-15-C2 ST131 subclade and successively the CTX-M-27-C1 ST131 subclade, which were responsible for the steady increase in the prevalence of ESBL-EC. However, the incidence of CP-EC remained stable over the study period with a highly diverse content in carbapenemase genes dominated by blaOXA-48-like. This is the first study to provide comprehensive data on the epidemiology of ESBL-EC and CP-EC in a North African country.
Interstellar Scintillations of Sources B0821+394 and B1812+412 as Observed by the LPA LPI Radio Telescope
Authors: Tyul’bashev S. A. , Chashei I. V. , Grishanova I. A. , Tyul’basheva G. E. , Subaev I. A.
Published: October 2024

The search for long-term variability of compact components of radio sources B0821+394 and B1812+412 over an interval of ten years was carried out. The LPA LPI radio telescope with an operating frequency of 111 MHz was used for observations. According to our estimates, the characteristic time of variability for both sources is 1.5–2.5 years. It is shown that the observed variability is not related to intrinsic variations in the radiation flux, but is due to refractive scintillation on inhomogeneities of the interstellar medium. From the obtained upper estimates of the apparent angular dimensions of the sources, it follows that the main contribution to the scattering of radio emission is made by turbulent plasma concentrated in sufficiently thin screens, the distance to which does not exceed 300–400 pc.
From joint pains to hair gains: baricitinib’s double duty for rheumatoid arthritis and alopecia areata
Authors: Gates Emer , Takwale Anita , Jamal Muhammad Safwan
Published: October 2024

Personalised medicine is a key goal across medical specialties today: using biomarkers and knowledge of pathophysiology to ensure the right patients get the right treatment. This becomes more challenging when patients have more than one disease requiring a targeted treatment. Autoimmune diseases commonly co-occur, and thus, multidisciplinary working is important in rheumatology. We present a case where a patient with a new diagnosis of alopecia areata on a background of rheumatoid arthritis was successfully treated with baricitinib monotherapy, with improvement in both conditions.
Blue laser-assisted depigmentation of gingiva using non-ablative technique
Authors: Haque Aehad Ul , Rastogi Pavitra Kumar , Lal Nand , Singhal Rameshwari
Published: October 2024

Diode lasers are one of the most widely used modalities in soft tissue dental surgery. Recent advancements have expanded the clinically useful emission spectrum of diode lasers to include the blue light region, corresponding to wavelengths such as 445 and 450 nm. The melanin present in hyperpigmented gingiva acts as a chromophore and absorbs laser energy, thus facilitating the denaturing of melanin-containing cells in the gingiva. This paper presents a case of ethnicity-related gingival hyperpigmentation that was successfully treated using a 445 nm blue wavelength soft tissue diode laser by non-ablative technique. The treated area showed no recurrence of pigmentation up to 9 months postoperatively.
Randomized comparison between ultrasound-guided proximal and distal approaches of intercostobrachial nerve block as an adjunct to supraclavicular brachial plexus block for upper arm arteriovenous access procedures
Authors: Samerchua Artid , Supphapipat Kittitorn , Leurcharusmee Prangmalee , Lapisatepun Panuwat , Thammasupapong Pornpailin , Lorsomradee Sratwadee
Published: October 2024

Backgrounds

Ultrasound-guided proximal and distal approaches of the intercostobrachial nerve (ICBN) blocks facilitate analgesia for upper arm and axillary surgery, though success rates vary and lack clinical comparison. This study compared their anesthetic and analgesic efficacy as an adjunct to the supraclavicular brachial plexus block for upper arm arteriovenous access surgery.

Methods

60 end-stage renal disease patients undergoing upper arm arteriovenous access were randomly assigned to receive either proximal or distal ICBN block using 10 mL of a mixture of levobupivacaine and lidocaine with epinephrine. The primary outcome was a successful ICBN block, defined as a cutaneous sensory blockade at both the medial upper arm and axilla 30 min after the block. Secondary outcomes included block performance, block-related complications, rate of surgical anesthesia, and postoperative analgesia.

Results

The proximal approach had a higher percentage of sensory blockade at the axilla (96.7% vs 73.3%, p=0.03), but comparable rates at the medial upper arm (96.7% vs 96.7%, p=1.00). Consequently, the proximal approach had a higher overall success rate (96.7% vs 73.3%, difference: 23.3%; 95% CI: 6.3%, 40.4%; p=0.03). Both groups had similar surgical anesthesia rates of 93.3%. No significant differences were found in performance time, procedural pain, or postoperative pain intensity.

Conclusions

Proximal ICBN block consistently reduced sensation in the medial upper arm and axilla, while one-quarter of distal blocks spared the axilla. Both approaches, in combination with a supraclavicular brachial plexus block, were effective for upper arm arteriovenous access procedures. However, the proximal approach may be preferable for axillary surgery.

Trial registration number

TCTR20200730006.
Efficacy and safety of filgotinib in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: week 156 interim results from a long-term extension study
Authors: Buch Maya H , Aletaha Daniel , Combe Bernard G , Tanaka Yoshiya , Caporali Roberto , Schulze-Koops Hendrik , Takeuchi Tsutomu , Gottenberg Jacques-Eric , Blanco Ricardo , Verschueren Patrick , Zubrzycka-Sienkiewicz Anna , De Leonardis Francesco , Ekoka Omoruyi Edmund V , Rajendran Vijay , Emery Paul
Published: October 2024

Background

Janus kinase inhibitors are an effective option for achieving sustained remission or low disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) following inadequate response to conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. Filgotinib is a Janus kinase 1–preferential inhibitor available in two doses for moderate-to-severe RA. We report the long-term efficacy and safety of filgotinib.

Methods

In the ongoing long-term extension study FINCH 4 (NCT03025308), patients continue filgotinib 200 mg or 100 mg from FINCH 1, 2 or 3 or receive filgotinib 200 mg or 100 mg de novo. Efficacy assessments up to week 156 include American College of Rheumatology 20% response (ACR20), Disease Activity Score 28 using C-reactive protein of <2.6, Clinical Disease Activity Index of ≤2.8, Simplified Disease Activity Index of ≤3.3 and Boolean remission (1.0 and 2.0) with non-responder imputation.

Results

In patients with an inadequate response to methotrexate, 60.2% and 54.6% receiving de novo filgotinib 200 mg and 100 mg had an ACR20 at week 156, respectively, as did 67.3% and 59.5% of those who continued filgotinib 200 mg and 100 mg. At week 156, Boolean remission 1.0 was achieved by 18.8% and 15.4% of patients treated with de novo filgotinib 200 mg and 100 mg, respectively, and by 21.1% and 18.5% when Boolean 2.0 criteria were applied. Similar efficacy data were seen in patients from FINCH 2 and 3. Safety data were consistent with the known safety profile of filgotinib.

Conclusion

In FINCH 4, filgotinib 200 mg and 100 mg (continuous or de novo) demonstrated sustained efficacy up to week 156 in patients enrolled from FINCH 1, 2 or 3, with no unexpected safety results.
Association of food insecurity with the use of tobacco products and urine cotinine-measured smoking intensity: evidence from a population-based study in South Korea, 2019–2021
Authors: Baek Seong-Uk , Lee Yu-Min , Won Jong-Uk , Yoon Jin-Ha
Published: October 2024

Introduction

This study explored the association between food insecurity and tobacco product use and urine cotinine-measured smoking intensity.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 13 705 adults representative of the Korean population. The 18-item Household Food Security Survey Module was administered to the primary food managers in households with the scores applied to household members. The use of three tobacco products—combustible cigarettes, heated tobacco products and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes)—was assessed. Based on the urine cotinine level, the smoking status of each participant was classified into one of three groups: non-smoker, low-intensity smoker and high-intensity smoker. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between food insecurity and tobacco product use and urine cotinine-measured smoking intensity. ORs and 95% CIs were estimated.

Results

Among the survey participants, 3.2% had mild food insecurity and 0.7% had moderate-to-severe food insecurity. Those with mild food insecurity (23.5%, OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.89) and those with moderate-to-severe food insecurity (45.1%, OR: 3.36, 95% CI: 1.87 to 6.03) compared with those with non-food insecurity (18.4%) were positively associated with combustible cigarette use. Those with moderate-to-severe food insecurity was positively associated with e-cigarette use (5.5%, OR: 3.49, 95% CI: 1.31 to 9.28). Compared with those with non-food security (7.9%), those with mild food insecurity (14.3%, OR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.09 to 2.38) and moderate-to-severe food insecurity (22.1%, OR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.04 to 4.86) were associated with high-intensity smoking.

Conclusion

Food insecurity is associated with both combustible and e-cigarette use. Those with food insecurity are associated with engagement in high-intensity smoking.
Comparative analysis of mold-cast and 3D-printed cement-based components: implications for standardization in additive construction
Authors: Wagner Juliana S. , Silveira Marcos V.G. , Vanderlei Romel D. , Das Sreekanta
Published: October 2024

The rapid growth of additive construction emphasizes the need for developing testing methodologies specific to cement-based 3D-printed components. This study performs a comprehensive comparative analysis of the physical, mechanical, and microstructural characteristics of specimens fabricated through 3D printing versus those created using traditional mold-casting techniques. This research aims to inform and support standardization efforts in the field of additive construction, both within Canada and globally. Additionally, the research provides insights into material characterization to inform the development of numerical modeling strategies tailored for 3D-printed structural elements. The digital image correlation (DIC) technique was employed to examine strain behavior and generate stress-strain curves. The results showed a significant strength reduction and strain concentration at the interlayer surfaces of the 3D-printed specimens. Concluding recommendations include the adoption of the oblique shear test for shear strength assessment and the four-point flexural strength for evaluating interlayer bond strength in cement-based 3D-printed members.
Situational awareness and intelligence mining in national security research based on complex network models
Authors: Liu Yanfei , Liu Dezhi , Wang Wenjun , Yu Chengbo
Published: October 2024

Scientific research collaboration in the field of national security is becoming increasingly complex. The expansion of national security disciplines and the diversification of collaborative models have had a profound impact on innovation and development in this domain. However, existing studies lack in-depth analysis of cross-institutional and cross-disciplinary collaboration, and they have not sufficiently revealed the critical role of independent research capacity in driving academic innovation. Based on open-source data from 1985 to 2022, this paper covers 4820 authors and 4799 national security-themed papers, employing complex network modeling to construct an author-centric scientific research collaboration network. A systematic analysis of the characteristics of the national security collaboration network is conducted at the macro, meso and micro levels. The results show that at the macro level, research collaboration is primarily concentrated within single institutions, while collaborations between two or more parties have increased year by year. Despite the expanding scale of the network, collaboration density has shown a downward trend. At the meso level, core research institutions have constructed tight community structures through cross-disciplinary and cross-regional collaboration, significantly promoting academic innovation. At the micro level, researchers with strong independent research capabilities, though having lower connectivity within the collaboration network, have made significant contributions to academic innovation through their independent work. This paper provides important insights for further strengthening cross-institutional collaboration and the role of independent research capacity in the national security field, laying a solid foundation for optimizing future scientific research collaboration models.
THE EFFECT OF ROBOT ADOPTION ON FIRM EMPLOYMENT: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA
Authors: GAO WENTING , HE QINYING , LUO LIANFA , ZHANG WANNIAN , WU ZHUOYUE
Published: October 2024

The adoption of industrial robots has gradually become popular around the world. This paper investigates the impact of robot adoption on firm employment using Chinese firm-level Employer-Employee Survey data. Instrumental variables are used to address the potential endogeneity of robot adoption. The results show that robot adoption increases firm total employment, both low-skilled employment and high-skilled employment. The effects are more substantial among the firms in the low-tech industries and small- and micro-sized firms. Mechanism analysis shows that the firms’ production efficiency and scale are the possible channels through which robot adoption increases firm employment. Our analysis implies that firms adopting robots will increase employment, which has great implications for policymakers and enterprises to make decisions on robot adoption in developing countries.
A Benders and Column Generation Method to Integrated Aircraft and Passenger Recovery with Cruise Speed Control Under Slot Capacity Restriction
Authors: Lin Jiajin , Jiang Jianlin , Tang Yucong
Published: October 2024

Disruptions are common and inevitable in the airline industry. Since aircraft rerouting and passenger reallocation directly affect the whole recovery performance, they attract great attention in airline disruption management. In this paper, we consider the integrated aircraft and passenger recovery (IAPR) so as to preserve the interdependence between aircraft rerouting and passenger reallocation. To improve the performance of recovery plans, cruise speed control is also applied as a recovery option. However, few studies consider slot capacity restriction when controlling cruise speeds, although this restriction is quite critical in airline operations. To fill this gap, we propose a mathematical model to describe the IAPR with cruise speed control under slot capacity restriction. Then, we reformulate it as a conic quadratic mixed integer programming (CQMIP) problem by rewriting the nonlinear fuel burn function, nonlinear constraints, and logical constraints. To solve the CQMIP problem efficiently while keeping the solution quality, we develop a Benders and column generation (BCG) method by exploiting the structure of the integrated model. Computational experiments show the necessity of considering slot capacity restriction and the benefit of controlling cruise speeds. Furthermore, a high-quality solution can be obtained by the BCG method within a reasonable runtime.
Quantum-induced revisiting space–time curvature in relativistic regime
Authors: Tawfik Abdel Nasser , Farouk Fady T. , Tarabia F. Salah , Maher Muhammad
Published: October 2024

General relativity and quantum mechanics are not only fundamentally different theories giving explanations of how nature works but also genuinely incompatible descriptions of reality. The violation of the principles of relativity and equivalence, at quantum scales, belongs to the main conceptual difficulties of reconciling principles of quantum mechanics with general relativity so that their scales of applicability are entirely distinct. When generalized noncommutative Heisenberg algebra accommodating impacts of finite gravitational fields as specified by quantum loop gravity, doubly special relativity, and string theory, for instance, is thoughtfully applied to the eight-dimensional Finsler manifold. In the natural generalization of the pseudo-Riemannian manifold, in which the quadratic restriction on the length measure is relaxed, we have been able to define quantum-induced revisiting fundamental tensor in relativistic regime and thereby extending its applicability to quantum scales. By constructing the affine connections on a four-dimensional pseudo-Riemannian manifold, we have determined the quantum-induced revisiting Riemann curvature tensor and its contractions, the Ricci curvature tensor, and scalar in relativistic regime. Consequently, we have been able to construct the Einstein tensor, in which besides quantization additional geometric structures and curvatures are emerged. As in Einstein’s classical theory of general relativity, we have proved that the covariant derivative of the modified Einstein tensor vanishes, as well. We conclude that the quantum-induced corrections establish quantum properties to the space–time coordinates and momenta. Accordingly, the space–time curvature endows additional curvature and geometrical structure as well as discretization which likely enable sensical predictions of Einstein’s general relativity, at the quantum scale.
XY factorization bias in luminosity measurements
Authors: Fehérkuti Anna , Major Péter , Pásztor Gabriella
Published: October 2024

For most high-precision experiments in particle physics, it is essential to know the luminosity at highest accuracy. The luminosity is determined by the convolution of particle densities of the colliding beams. In special van der Meer transverse beam separation scans, the convolution function is sampled along the horizontal and vertical axes with the purpose of determining the beam convolution and getting an absolute luminosity calibration. For this purpose, the van der Meer data of luminometer rates are separately fitted in the two directions with analytic functions giving the best description. With the assumption that the 2D convolution shape is factorizable, one can calculate it from the two 1D fits. The task of XY factorization analyses is to check this assumption and give a quantitative measure of the effect of nonfactorizability on the calibration constant to improve the accuracy of luminosity measurements.

We perform a dedicated analysis to study XY nonfactorization on proton–proton data collected in 2022 at [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]TeV by the CMS experiment [The CMS Collab., Luminosity measurement in proton-proton collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV in 2022 at CMS (2024). A detailed examination of the shape of the bunch convolution function is presented, studying various biases, and choosing the best-fit analytic 2D functions to finally obtain the correction and its uncertainty.
FPGA Implementation for a Class of Generalized Hamiltonian Conservative Chaotic Systems Based on Integrated 4D Euler Equations with Multistability
Authors: Jia Hongyan , Li Wei , Wang Hejin , Han Xiaoguang , Wang Shiming
Published: October 2024

In this paper, two newly proposed generalized Hamiltonian Conservative Chaotic Systems (CCSs) based on integrated 4D Euler equations are first discussed. Second, another generalized Hamiltonian CCS is also proposed. Furthermore, a class of generalized Hamiltonian CCSs based on integrated 4D Euler equations is given and studied. Subsequently, numerical analysis for the class of generalized Hamiltonian CCSs is further investigated to show their advantages over most of the existing CCSs, where the corresponding Lyapunov exponents’ diagrams, bifurcation diagrams and phase portraits are all given to show their multistability and complex dynamics. Finally, the class of generalized Hamiltonian CCSs is implemented by using FPGA technology, and the results observed in FPGA implementation are consistent with those observed in the numerical analysis. All these results not only show multistability from a physical point of view, but also provide new physical models for chaos applications.
Shaking Table Test Studies on Adaptive-Passive Variable Frequency Gas-Spring DVA for Structural Seismic Response Mitigation
Authors: Rong Kunjie , Ma Zhen , Lu Zheng , Zhang Jiawei
Published: October 2024

The control performance of a passive dynamic vibration absorber (DVA) is known to be sensitive to its frequency deviation. This study upgrades the conventional device and proposes an adaptive-passive variable frequency gas-spring DVA (APVF-GSDVA) for controlling the structural seismic response, while an adaptive control algorithm is developed that requires only a single input signal. The DVA’s vibration frequency is precisely modulated by adjusting the gas pressure in the gas-spring, aligning it with the inherent frequency of the multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) structure. The working principle and control algorithm of the APVF system is introduced and derived in detail, the corresponding gas-spring DVA and implementation are designed, and the configuration of the entire control system is realized. An adaptive variable frequency test scheme is designed and the frequency retuning function of the prototype APVF-GSDVA device installed on an MDOF structure is experimentally validated. The seismic response control effectiveness of the retuned DVA is demonstrated by comparing the detuned DVA, highlighting the necessity of implementing adaptive frequency adjustment of the gas-spring DVA. Experimental findings demonstrate that APVF-GSDVA accurately identifies the inherent frequency of the MDOF structure in ambient excitation, it then adjusts the pressure of the gas-spring according to the frequency-pressure relationship, optimally retuning the DVA. A retuned GSDVA can effectively suppress the structural seismic responses, compared to a detuned DVA, its control effectiveness on peak and RMS responses can be improved by a maximum of nearly 13.5% and 53.3% at a frequency deviation of 10%. Furthermore, results from two “detuning-retuning” test paths with distinct seismic excitations indicate that the retuned DVA exhibits superior control effectiveness, underscoring the significance of the adaptive frequency adjustment function in passive DVAs.
Damped Multistep Formulas for Solving Stiff Dynamic Problems
Authors: Huang Chiu-Li , Chang Karen , Chang Shuenn-Yih
Published: October 2024

A novel series of damped multistep formulas of matrix coefficients are developed to find the solutions of dynamic problems with negligible stiff components or eigenmodes. They are derived from the concept of eigenmode and the development details are presented. A total of six multistep formulas is developed and they have an order of accuracy from 1 to 6 corresponding to the 1-step to 6-step multistep formula. Each formula has damping to suppress or remove the stiff components or eigenmodes that are of no importance or of no interest while the slow eigenmode solutions can be still accurately calculated. The 1-step and 2-step formulas of the series are L-stable. Besides, each formula can have a non-iterative solution procedure and hence it is of high computational efficiency in contrast to the corresponding conventional backward differentiation method. This series can give a better quality of numerical solutions for dynamic problems with negligible stiff components or eigenmodes when compared to the methods with no damping. Numerical tests reveal that this series performs well like the backward differentiation method and it can save many efforts in computing if a non-iterative solution procedure is used when compared to the backward differentiation method.
Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems and Industry 4.0: Transforming the Future of Manufacturing
Authors: Kumar Shailendra , Mehdi Husain , Saroha Manju
Published: October 2024

The manufacturing sector is undergoing a significant transformation driven by Industry 4.0 (I4.0) and reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMS). This paper examines the historical evolution of manufacturing, detailing the principles and benefits of I4.0 alongside the flexibility and adaptability offered by RMS. It explores the synergy between these two frameworks, highlighting their practical applications in diverse industries such as automotive, aerospace and pharmaceuticals. Despite challenges in implementation, the integration of RMS and I4.0 enhances agility, customization, quality, cost efficiency and sustainability. Future trends include edge computing, 3D printing, blockchain for supply chains, augmented reality (AR) and a focus on sustainable manufacturing. Ultimately, the convergence of RMS and I4.0 is reshaping the manufacturing landscape, offering unprecedented levels of flexibility and efficiency that position manufacturers for success in the fourth industrial revolution (4IR).
Simulation of Complex Flow with a Hovering Dragonfly by Multi-Direct Forcing Immersed Boundary Method
Authors: Han Dongli , Shi Xing , Zheng Yao
Published: October 2024

The aerodynamic mechanisms of flapping-wing flyers are inherently complex due to rapid wing movements and intricate vortex dynamics. This study introduces an immersed boundary method enhanced with a prediction–correction multi-direct forcing scheme and a smoothed discrete delta function, using the open-source toolbox OpenFOAM version 7. This approach models the interaction between fluids and moving rigid boundaries by adding a volume force source term to the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. The multi-direct forcing scheme ensures the boundaries adhere more accurately to the no-slip boundary condition, and the smoothing technique for the discrete delta function suppresses nonphysical oscillations in the volume force.

Unlike most common insects, dragonflies have two pairs of wings in tandem, and interactions between their forewings and hindwings play a crucial role in aerodynamic performance. This study simulates and compares single-wing hovering without interaction and tandem-wing hovering with interaction, finding that interaction reduces vertical forces on the forewings and hindwings by 14% and 16%, respectively. These effects are primarily due to interactions among the vortex structures of the tandem wings, which alter pressure distributions on the wing surfaces and the flow field near the wings. In hover mode, the average vertical force equals the dragonfly’s weight, and the average thrust force is nearly zero. This study reveals the flow characteristics of dragonfly flapping wings, providing a theoretical basis for designing flapping-wing robots.
An Efficient Hybrid STO-MFDNN Approach for Induction Effect in Nanoparticle with Magneto-Convective Nanofluid Boundary Layer Flow
Authors: Beschi Selvan S. L. , Godwin Pithalis N. E. , Singh R. Leo Bright , Merinto P. Anto Paulin
Published: October 2024

The accurate synthesis of bespoke design requires complicated chemical reactions and high temperature conditions in modern nanomaterial coating techniques. These flow processes are quite complicated, involving not just viscous behavior but also mass and heat transport. Magnetic nanoparticles are utilized by nanocoatings, which are under manipulation by external magnetic fields. Mathematical models offer a low-cost window into the fundamental properties of these coating dynamics processes. This paper proposes a hybrid approach for induction effect in nanoparticle with magneto-convective nanofluid boundary layer. The hybrid technique that is being proposed involves the simultaneous application of Siberian Tiger Optimization (STO) and Multi-Fidelity Deep Neural Network (MFDNN). Hence, it is named as STO-MFDNN technique. The primary goal of this proposed method is to enhance nanoparticle solid volume fraction and minimize error during validation. The proposed technique — STO approach is utilized to optimize the process parameter and the MFDNN approach is utilized to accurately predict the nanoparticle behavior. By then, the MATLAB platform has the proposed approach implemented, and the present method is used to calculate the execution. The proposed technique displays superior outcomes in all existing systems like Wild Horse Optimizer (WHO), Fertile Field Algorithm (FFA) Seagull Optimization Algorithm (SOA). The existing technique displays the errors of 0.24%, 0.21%, 0.18% and the proposed technique displays an error of 0.15% concluding low error when compared to the existing approach.
Damage Detection and Localization in a Cantilever Beam Structure Via Regression-and-Classification-Based Machine Learning
Authors: Ghazali Majid , Mahdiabadi Morteza Karamooz
Published: October 2024

Recent advancements in structural health monitoring have been significantly driven by the integration of artificial intelligence technologies. This study employs a combination of supervised machine learning techniques, including classification and regression, to accurately detect and localize local thickness reduction defects in a cantilever beams. Our approach utilizes a dataset of 100 signals, comprising 84 defective and 16 healthy states of the beam’s free side displacement, for training machine learning models. Signal processing involves the application of five distinct mode decomposition methods to decompose each signal into its Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs). Additionally, four dimensionality reduction methods have been used to reduce the dimensions of the signals. Feature extraction is performed using seven frequency domain, two time domain, and three time–frequency domain methods to capture pertinent patterns and characteristics within the signals. We evaluate the performance of five classification methods and 10 regression methods to predict the location of defects. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of combining specific feature extraction and dimensionality reduction techniques with classification methods, achieving multi-class classification accuracies of up to 99.55%. Moreover, regression methods, particularly the Bayesian ridge regressor, exhibit high accuracy in predicting defect locations, with an [Formula: see text] value of 99.94% and minimal Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values. This study highlights the potential of integrating regression and classification-based machine learning approaches for precise damage detection and localization in beam structures.
On Characterization of Algebraic Structure of Fuzzy Multiset Finite Automata
Authors: Ruhela Shainky , Syropoulos Apostolos , Yadav Vijay Kumar , Sharma Binod Kumar , Tiwari S. P.
Published: October 2024

This paper enriches the theory of computing in the context of fuzzy sets and multisets. We have studied the computational model fuzzy multiset finite automaton (FMFA), which incorporates uncertainty about the next state of transition and multiple occurrences in the input set of automaton, and can be viewed as a generalized version of both classical automaton and fuzzy automaton. We have discussed the algebraic characterization of subautomaton of a FMFA, separatedness, strong connectedness and cyclic, directable and triangular FMFA in terms of equivalence classes induced by an equivalence relation defined on the state set of FMFA. Interestingly, for a given FMFA, a new FMFA is constructed which is a homomorphic image of the original FMFA. We have defined different poset structures associated with a given FMFA and showed that some of them are upper semilattices and discussed the inter-relationship of a given poset, a finite upper semilattice (FUSL), a FMFA and a poset/FUSL associated with a given FMFA. Finally, we have introduced the concept of decomposition of a FMFA in two different ways and characterized the strongly connected, triangular and directable FMFA.
Characterization and Synthesis of Graphite, Graphene Oxide, and Reduced Graphene Oxide Powder from Waste Dry Cell Battery Rod
Authors: Achalu Hussen Tofik , Gashaw Hone Fekadu , kumar Sathiesh , Abebe Mekonnen Mulualem
Published: October 2024

In this paper, graphite, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene powders were successfully synthesized from waste dry cell batter through successive chemical solution methods. Graphite powder was extracted from the graphite electrode of waste batteries rod by acidic chemical treatment. The obtained powder was utilized as a precursor for synthesizing graphene oxide following the new modified Tour method. Eventually, reduced graphene oxide was prepared from the chemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO) by hydrazine hydrate treatment. The obtained recycled graphite, reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and GO materials have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL), and Raman spectroscopy effectively. All the above characterization results confirmed that graphite shows a strong peak at a diffraction angle of 26.5[Formula: see text], corresponding to the (002) plane, shifted to a lower angle of 25.2[Formula: see text] in the case of rGO. In addition, the unsmooth graphite sheet shifted to smooth and flake-like shape of the rGO’s surface morphology. The composite result revealed that different amounts of oxygen and carbon atoms are present in rG, GO and rGO. All the experimental findings ultimately launch the successful formation of exfoliated rGO and better synthesis approach was achieved.
On nonnil S-SFT rings
Authors: Dabbabi Abdelamir
Published: October 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be a commutative ring with nonzero identity element and S a multiplicative subset of [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we introduce and investigate the notion of nonnil S-SFT rings. The ring [Formula: see text] is said to be nonnil S-SFT, if for each nonnil-ideal [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], there exist [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and a finitely generated ideal [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text], in that case, the ideal [Formula: see text] is called S-SFT. It is shown that the ring [Formula: see text] is nonnil S-SFT ring if and only if each nonnil-prime ideal (disjoint with S) is S-SFT. The transfert of the nonnil S-SFT concept to flat overrings and trivial extension is investigated. We give several characterizations of nonnil S-SFT rings. Also, we give a characterization of the nonnil-SFT variant in terms of the nonnil S-SFT variant.
Hermite wavelet-based numerical study on (1 + 1)-dimensional Allen–Cahn and phi-four equations
Authors: Mulimani Mallanagoud , Kumbinarasaiah S. , Rathour Laxmi
Published: October 2024

In recent years, finding precise numerical solutions to nonlinear partial differential equations (NLPDEs) has become a significant research topic. This paper addresses the two well-known nonlinear models, which are [Formula: see text]-dimensional Allen–Cahn (AC) and phi-four (PF) equations, and they have applications in various real-world scenarios. These two models are solved by a numerical technique called Hermite wavelet collocation scheme (HWCS). The operational matrices of integration were developed using the Hermite wavelet basis. The proposed method is based on the collocation process. By employing appropriate grid points, this method converts the nonlinear model into a set of nonlinear algebraic equations. We obtain a solution by employing the Newton–Raphson scheme to solve these nonlinear algebraic equations. Tables and figures demonstrate that the proposed method yields superior results. The proposed examples demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed idea, and the results affirm the practicality of the proposed approach. We compared the present method with the non-polynomial spline method and trigonometric B-spline collocation technique to check the potential of the projected method.
Heterogeneous Influence of Capital Flight and Economic Policy Uncertainty on Domestic Investment in Nigeria: New Evidence from Quantile Nonlinear ARDL
Authors: Odionye Joseph Chukwudi , Duru Innocent Uchechukwu , Nzeh Innocent Chile , Uguru Ndubuisi Eme , Uzoma Kelechi Promise
Published: October 2024

This study explores the heterogeneous influence of capital flight and economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on domestic investment in Nigeria. The study utilizes the novel quantile-based nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (QNARDL) estimation procedure to estimate both the sign-based and the size-based asymmetric influence of capital flight and EPU on domestic investment. The investigation’s outcomes are as follows: First, capital flight influences domestic investment negatively, predominantly in the upper quantiles. Second, it demonstrates that country-specific EPU and its global-based variant significantly negatively affect a country’s investment. Third, the study finds that domestic and world policy uncertainty aggravates the suppressing effect of capital flight on domestic investment. Fourth, a robust unidirectional causality from EPU (indigenous and world) to capital flight implies that policy uncertainty enervates the business climate and creates fear of losses among investors, affecting investment negatively. Fifth, the study indicates an increasing rate of devastating influence of EPU on domestic investment, with more pernicious effects at the upper quantile. The implication is that the devastating effect of EPU (whether country-based or world-based) on domestic investment is highly sensitive to its size. The policy recommendations from the main discoveries have been suggested.
Treating dysmenorrhea of endometriosis by conghua tanxiao therapy
Authors: Liyuan Fu , Fang Niu , Ling Wang
Published: October 2024

There is no description of endometriosis in traditional medicine, but the symptoms of dysmenorrhea caused by this disease and its related etiology and pathogenesis are discussed in detail. Stagnation of phlegm and blood stasis is a common clinical cause, which is mostly caused by improper diet, emotional disorder, bad living habits such as staying up late, sitting for a long time, lack of exercise, invasion of external evils such as wind, cold and dampness into the human body, physical weakness, spleen loss of health and other visceral dysfunction. This paper introduces Prof. Wang Ling’s experience in treating endometriosis dysmenorrhea from “syndrome accumulation caused by phlegm and blood stasis”. Professor Wang Ling believes that the pathogenesis of dysmenorrhea due to endometriosis is “phlegm and blood stasis stagnate, but not be accumulated”, and “those with excess blood should be determined”. Adhering to the training of “those who are good at treating gynecological diseases, regulate their qi and break their blood, eliminate their food and eliminate their phlegm”, he puts forward the treatment of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, resolving phlegm and eliminating symptoms, and one of them cannot be neglected. A case is attached.
Automatic Pronunciation Assessment and Feedback for Arabic Learners: A Review
Authors: Bahi Halima , Dendani Bilal , Lounis Meriem
Published: October 2024

The world has become a global village, and mastering multiple languages has become necessary; therefore, the need for computer-assisted language learning (CALL) applications is growing. Speech being the most spontaneous and widespread mode of communication and learning pronunciation occupies a considerable place, and computer-assisted pronunciation teaching (CAPT) is increasingly integrated into CALL systems. Herein, pronunciation assessment is a critical component that aims to detect and diagnose mispronunciation to provide informative feedback for the learners. On the other hand, Arabic is among the top five languages to learn, but it is sorely lacking in resources for CAPT. This paper aims to bridge the gap between Arabic and high-resource languages in CAPT. As neither a review nor a survey on pronunciation assessment for Arabic exists, this paper provides an overview of the existing research on automatic pronunciation assessment and feedback for Arabic. Many studies are addressed based on three main tasks: pronunciation rating, mispronunciation detection and diagnosis (MDD), and feedback. The paper summarizes existing findings of Arabic pronunciation assessment, underlines challenges, and sheds some light on the opportunities offered to researchers on the topic.
Optimizing Effectiveness and Defense of Drone Surveillance Missions via Honey Drones
Authors: Wan Zelin , Cho Jin-Hee , Zhu Mu , Anwar Ahmed , Kamhoua Charles , Singh Munindar
Published: October 2024

This work aims to develop a surveillance mission system using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones when Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks are present to disrupt normal operations for mission systems. In particular, we introduce the concept of
cyber deception
using honey drones (HDs) to protect the mission system from DoS attacks. HDs exhibit fake vulnerabilities and employ stronger signal strengths to lure DoS attacks, unlike the legitimate drones called
mission drones
(MDs) deployed for mission execution. This research formulates an optimization problem to identify an optimal set of signal strengths of HDs and MDs to best prevent the system from DoS attacks while maximizing mission performance under the resource constraints of UAVs. To solve this optimization problem, we leverage deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to achieve these multiple objectives of the mission system concerning system security and performance. Particularly, for efficient and effective parallel processing in DRL, we utilize a DRL algorithm called the
Asynchronous Advantage Actor-Critic
(A3C) algorithm to model attack-defense interactions. We employ a physical engine-based simulation testbed to consider realistic scenarios and demonstrate valid findings from the realistic testbed. The extensive experiments proved that our HD-based approach could achieve up to a 32% increase in mission completion, a 20% reduction in energy consumption, and a 62% decrease in attack success rates compared to existing defense strategies.
Perspective: Materials and Electronics Gaps in Transdermal Drug Delivery Patches
Authors: Payne Camryn H. , Andrew Trisha L.
Published: October 2024

Transdermal drug delivery systems offer a noninvasive method of delivering drugs through the skin surface, which circumvents problems associated with metabolic breakdown, uncontrollable biodistribution after initial drug administration, and limited patient compliance. The most common implement for transdermal drug delivery is the transdermal patch (TDP), which is a flexible, medicated adhesive patche that can be placed on any available skin surface for targeted delivery. In this perspective, we summarize the most recent advancements in transdermal drug delivery patches and highlight gaps that can be filled with advanced sensor development.
The upside to depression: undergraduates benefit from an instructor revealing depression in a large-enrollment physiology course
Authors: Mohammed Tasneem F. , Doud Nolina , Brownell Sara E. , Cooper Katelyn M.
Published: October 2024

This research highlights the potential for instructors with depression to have a positive impact on students in their college science courses.