bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequency Spectrum of Radiation Flux Generated by Beam-Plasma System with Ten Joules Energy Content in Microsecond Pulse
Authors: Arzhannikov A. V. , Sinitsky S. L. , Samtsov D. A. , Kalinin P. V. , Popov S. S. , Atlukhanov M. G. , Sandalov E. S. , Stepanov V. D. , Kuklin K. N. , Makarov M. A.
Published: April 2024

The work reports the achievement of an energy content of 10 J per microsecond pulse in a directed flux of electromagnetic radiation in the frequency range of ~ 0.2–0.3 THz. The flux is generated by a fundamentally new method, which is realized through the pumping of upper-hybrid plasma oscillations in a magnetized plasma column with a relativistic electron beam (REB) and their subsequent transformation into a flux of electromagnetic radiation. In the described experiments at the GOL-PET facility, this method to generate THz radiation is implemented in the following way a beam of electrons with energy E ~ 0.5 MeV with a current density of (1–2) kA/cm2 is passing through a magnetized (4 T) plasma column with a density of 1014–1015 cm–3. By comparing the experimentally measured spectral composition of the radiation flux with the calculated spectrum, it is proved that this process is realized through resonant pumping of the branch of upper-hybrid plasma waves by such beam. A coordinated increase in plasma density and beam current density opens up the prospect of advancement in the generation of multi-megawatt radiation fluxes in the region of one terahertz.
A Novel Approach for Estimation of Zotepine in Tablet Dosage Form
Authors: Annapurna Mukthinuthalapati Mathrusri , Deulkar Priyanka V
Published: April 2024

An antipsychotic medicine zotepine used to treat schizophrenia and mania. A novel stability-indicating method with a reversed-phase ultra-fast liquid chromatography (RP-UFLC) system has been developed to estimate zotepine in dosage forms as tablets. A Shimadzu UFLC system with a Zorbox C18 column and PDA detector was employed for the chromatographic analysis. At 1.0 mL/min flow rate, acetonitrile: 10 mM tetra butyl ammonium hydrogen sulfate (42:58) as a mobile phase. UV wavelength of detection is 221 nm. Concentration range between 0.1 and 50 μg/mL, Beer-Lambert’s law was followed. The linear regression equation was y = 171935x + 11975 (r2 = 0.9999). The limit of detection (LoD) was found to be were 0.0312 μg/mL and limit of quantitation (LoQ) 0.0975 μg/mL. Method validation and a forced degradation study were carried out per ICH guidelines. The proposed approach is straightforward, reliable, accurate, and exact. It can be used to estimate the amount of zotepine in tablets.
Synthesis, DNA Binding, Molecular Docking and Anticancer Studies of Copper (II), Nickel (II), and Zinc (II) Complexes of Primaquine-based Ligand
Authors: Priya M Gnana Ruba , ML Lal Prasanth , Devhare Lalchand D , Yazdan Shaik K , Gunjal Sachinkumar
Published: April 2024

In a research study, a metal-based complex demonstrated anticancer properties. The process involved the synthesis of a compound called 7-chloro-N-[5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]-N-[sulfanyl(carbonothioyl)]quinolyn-4-amine, which incorporated a primaquine-based dithiocarbamate ligand. This synthesis method utilized sodium hydroxide and carbon disulfide at temperatures of 0 to 5℃. Nickel(II), copper(II), and zinc(II) ions were employed as the metal-complexed ligands through various chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques that enhanced their purity. Metal compounds, such as cisplatin and its analogs, were widely used to treat different cancer types. Presently, researchers are exploring alternative metal-based complexes as potential agents against cancer, aiming to mitigate toxic effects linked to medications made of platinum. Investigations conducted in-silico revealed that the ligand preferred interacting with DNA’s minor groove, assembling a single hydrogen bond between an adenine hydrogen atom and the oxygen element of the carbonyl compound in the pyrrolidinone unit. Compared to cisplatin, copper complexes can overcome drug resistance by lowering their toxicity. The findings indicate that these primaquine analogs have the potential to lay the foundation for a novel and efficacious category of cancer chemotherapeutics.
Alternative Approaches to Antibiotics in Dentistry: Probiotics, Antimicrobial Peptides in Periodontal Disease
Authors: Preethanath Reghunathan S , Jayaraj Merlin , T Nagaland , Archana PS
Published: April 2024

Background: A common oral health issue, periodontal disease is characterized by inflammation and eventual tooth loss of the periodontal tissues and bone that surround and support each tooth. Probiotics and antimicrobial peptides have emerged as potential adjunctive therapies due to their ability to modulate the oral microbiota and combat pathogenic bacteria. Materials and Methods: Patients with periodontitis were the subjects of a randomised controlled experiment. Two groups of participants were formed: one receiving probiotics and the other receiving antimicrobial peptides, in addition to standard periodontal treatment. Clinical parameters, such as clinical attachment level (CAL) and probing pocket depth (PPD), were measured before and after six months of therapy. Results: Both probiotics and antimicrobial peptides demonstrated significant improvements in PPD and CAL compared to baseline values. In the probiotics group, mean PPD decreased from 5.6 ± 0.8 to 3.2 ± 0.6 mm, while CAL improved from 6.8 ± 1.2 to 4.5 ± 0.9 mm. Similarly, in the antimicrobial peptides group, mean PPD decreased from 5.8 ± 0.7 to 3.1 ± 0.5 mm, and CAL improved from 7.0 ± 1.0 to 4.4 ± 0.8 mm. Conclusion: Both probiotics and antimicrobial peptides show promise as adjunctive therapies in the management of chronic periodontitis. Their use alongside standard periodontal treatment leads to significant improvements in clinical parameters, suggesting their potential efficacy in combating periodontal disease. Further research is warranted to explore their long-term effects and optimal dosage regimens.
A Prospective Study of the Efficacy of 0.25% Bupivacaine and 0.25% Bupivacaine with Dexmedetomidine as Post-operative Analgesia in Transversus Abdominis Plane Block in Elective Lower Abdominal Surgeries
Authors: B Arun Kumar , P Dinesh Kumar , Brindha R , Gokul S
Published: April 2024

Background: Managing discomfort after surgery lower abdominal surgery is challenging, impacting recovery and patient well-being. This study compares the efficacy of two abdominis transversus plane (TAP) block formulations—0.25% bupivacaine and 0.25% bupivacaine with dexmedetomidine to optimize analgesia and reduce reliance on systemic medications. Method: Focusing on elective lower abdominal surgeries, the study assesses the formulations’ performance. Key objectives include evaluating time to first rescue analgesia, length of time sensory block, quality of blockade, total rescue analgesia dose within 24 hours, and pain and sedation scores. Result: Critical insights into the comparative performance of TAP block formulations are obtained. Findings encompass time to first rescue analgesia, sensory block duration, blockade quality, rescue analgesia dose, and pain and sedation scores, providing a comprehensive understanding of the effectiveness and potential side effects. Conclusion: This study contributes clinical data to enhance post-operative pain management for lower abdominal surgeries. Anticipated outcomes involve improved patient comfort, quicker recovery, and the potential for more personalized approaches, ultimately advancing patient outcomes and pain management protocols.
An LC-MS Method Development and Validation for the Estimation of Ritonavir in Plasma Samples
Authors: Katthala Prathusha , Gubbiyappa Shivakumar
Published: April 2024

This project aims to create and verify a method using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) to measure the amount of ritonavir in human plasma. Saquinavir will be used as the internal standard for this analysis. Chromatographic isolation was processed HYPURITY ADVACE 50 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm (Make: Thermo scientific) analytical column with mobile phase composition of methanol and ammonium acetate 5 mm buffer in the ratio of 85:15% v/v. Detection was processed in a positive ionic approach and the parent and product ion transitions were monitored at 721.30/296.10 for ritonavir and 671.30/570.30 for saquinavir (API 2000). The measurement of the linearity curve for regression analysis The correlation coefficient (r) exhibited a remarkable value of over 0.99 within the concentration range of 8.004 to 1600.001 ng/mL for ritonavir. All eight batches showed no significant matrix effect. It was found that the standardized matrix factor had a precision of 1.90% at the LQC level and 2.38% at the HQC level. It was 0.992 for LQC and 1.005 for HQC when the IS factor was taken into account. Ritonavir had a general recovery rate of 89.07%, with a range of accuracy from 0.85 to 2.55%. The internal standard drug saquinavir had an average recovery rate of 90.18%, with a range of accuracy from 1.89 to 3.40%. The developed method was successfully validated and can be utilized for the assessment of ritonavir in biological matrices in industries, forensic labs, quality control labs, and bioavailability studies.
Herbal Immunotherapeutics in Diabetes: A Comprehensive Review on Plants Explored for Simultaneous Antidiabetic and Immunomodulating Effects
Authors: C Nagamani , P Balaji
Published: April 2024

This extensive review explores the intricate relationship between immunomodulation and diabetes mellitus (DM), emphasizing herbal interventions and formulations showcasing dual efficacy. Immunomodulation, characterized by interventions altering the host’s immune response, holds significant promise for addressing the complex pathophysiology of DM. An array of herbs reveals diverse mechanisms, ranging from down-regulating inflammatory markers to influencing glucose metabolism. In the domain of immunomodulation, herbs demonstrate the ability to modulate immune responses, suppressing pro-inflammatory cascades and regulating immune cell functions. Concurrently, formulations like HemoHIM and polyherbal formulations provide insights into their potential by lowering specific immune cells, presenting a dual-action paradigm for managing DM. The antidiabetic effects of these herbal interventions are elucidated, shedding light on their roles in mitigating insulin resistance, inadequate insulin secretion, and immune-mediated destruction of insulin-producing cells. For instance, Gymnema sylvestre and Phyllanthus emblica exhibit antidiabetic effects by inhibiting α-glucosidase and regulating IL-17 expressions. HemoHIM and polyherbal formulation showcase efficacy in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic models, accentuating their potential in diabetes management. The synergy between immunomodulation and antidiabetic effects underscores a holistic approach to DM management. Mechanisms span the modulation of immune system components to the regulation of glucose homeostasis, contributing to the comprehensive nature of these interventions. Future research in this field involves a deeper exploration of the specific molecular pathways these herbs engage. Rigorous clinical trials are imperative for validating efficacy and safety, facilitating the seamless integration of herbal interventions into mainstream diabetes management. This work signifies a dynamic and evolving field, offering the prospect of personalized and effective therapeutic strategies in DM management through the integration of herbal interventions.
Impact of fibromyalgia severity on patients mood, sleep quality, and quality of life
Authors: Singh Ruchi , Rai Nirendra Kumar , Pathak Akash , Rai Jyotsana , Pakhare Abhijit , Kashyap Priyanka Vikas , Rozatkar Abhijit R. , Mishra Shweta , Mudda Sofia
Published: April 2024

Objectives:

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is characterized by persistent widespread pain which greatly impacts the quality of life (QOL). Pain not only limits patients’ daily activities but also restricts their social activities further leading to depression, anxiety, and stress. The present cross-sectional study elucidated the association of sleep quality and mood with increasing symptom severity of fibromyalgia and its impact on the QOL of fibromyalgia patients.

Materials and Methods:

Hundred adult fibromyalgia patients diagnosed by the American College of Rheumatology 2010 criteria were evaluated for: sleep – using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index, QOL by SF-36, pain-visual analog scales (VASs) and global pain scale (GPS), mood-depression, anxiety, stress scale-21, somatic symptoms, anxiety and depression – by patients health questionnaire somatic, anxiety, and depressive symptom scales (PHQ-SADS), and FMS severity was evaluated using fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQR).

Results:

The mean pain score was 6.80 ± 1.58 on VAS and 54.10 ± 14.33 on GPS. FIQR score was 50.62 ± 13.68, mean sleep quality was poor (9.30 ± 3.88), and depression, anxiety, and stress scores were increased (10.04 ± 4.59, 8.33 ± 4.48, and 10.75 ± 4.66). An increasing trend of depression, anxiety, stress, and somatoform symptoms was observed with an increase in the severity of FMS when patients were compared according to FMS severity scores. Sleep also deteriorated with increasing severity of FMS from 5.66 ± 1.92 in mild FMS to 12.0 ± 3.41 in highly severe FMS patients. The QOL too deteriorated in all the domains with increasing severity.

Conclusion:

With the increasing severity of fibromyalgia, not only does the pain increase but mood and sleep quality also deteriorate, which further impacts the QOL of FMS patients. Thus, comorbid mood derangements must also be screened and addressed for maximum benefit of the patients.
Comparing project-based learning with conventional models: Enhancing students’ enjoyment of physical education
Authors: Ginanjar Shela , Samsudin  , Resmana Dadan , Anugrah Sendy Mohamad
Published: April 2024

Background Problems: The proliferation of diverse teaching methodologies underscores the evolving nature of pedagogical practices. Despite this trend, conventional instructional models persist in physical education and health curricula, with many educators continuing to employ traditional approaches. These conventional models limit student engagement and foster a sense of monotony within the learning environment. Conversely, effective physical education hinges on interactive communication, wherein student involvement and enjoyment serve as catalysts for positive motivation and enhanced learning outcomes. Research Objectives: The research aims to determine the enjoyment of students learning physical education using the project-based learning model. Methods: The experimental method was applied with a randomised control-group pretest-posttest design. The population consisted of 600 students from a junior school in Bandung City. The sample was selected using the simple random sampling technique. The enjoyment of student learning questionnaire, which has a reliability value of 0.942. Data were analysed for normality using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and homogeneity using the Levene test; after that, the paired test and independent sample t test were carried out. Findings/Results: The result shows that the project-based learning model provides a better influence than conventional learning, especially in the enjoyment of learning aspect, with t = 17.622 and sig = 0.000. Conclusion: The conclusions of this study indicate that employing a project-based learning paradigm centered on fostering enjoyment in the learning process represents a novel advancement in physical education curricula. Emphasising the role of enjoyment in learning, the project-based learning framework offers a fresh perspective on physical education programmes, enabling educators to facilitate more impactful instructional experiences compared to conventional methodologies.
Review on the book: Zhusupov B. M. Epic telling: live performance and improvisation
Authors:   Kh. A. Yasawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Tynysbek KONYRATBAY
Published: April 2024

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Verbalization of the semantics of appearance and pretense in Tuvan folklore and modern texts
Authors:   Institute of Philology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lyudmila SHAMINA
Published: April 2024

The article examines grammaticalized comparative constructions of the Tuvan language, identified in texts of different genres. Particular attention is paid to the comparison standard marker. The purpose of the study is to identify and interpret the main means of expressing pretense and appearances in Tuvan texts, both modern and folklore. The relevance of the study is determined by the insufficient knowledge of the semantics of pretense and the increased interest in the study of the traditional and cultural characteristics of the linguistic consciousness of representatives of various ethnic groups. It seems relevant to show what lexical units can verbalize the semantics of appearance. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time, comparative structures were studied using the material of the Tuvan language and semantic types of markers of the specified semantics in folklore and modern texts were identified. The main research methods are the descriptive method and the structural modeling method. As a result of the study, comparative structures expressing both real and unreal comparison were identified and interpreted. In constructions of unreal comparison, the situation presented to the dependent predicative unit (DPU) does not take place in reality. It is arbitrarily constructed as a subjective interpretation of what is reported in the main predicative unit (GPU). This fictitious, unreal event becomes the standard comparisons for a real event expressed in MPU. The main means of marking modal meanings in the system of real comparison in the Tuvan language are comparatives: yshkash ‘like’; deg ‘like’. The same markers are also noted in unreal structures. Marking of unreal semantics is carried out in Tuvan folklore texts with multifunctional forms from the verb bol = ‘to be’ (boop, boor, etc.). The semantic invariant of such constructions is ‘pretend that...’. In addition, syntactic constructions of the predicate are widely used, expressing the relationship of the communicated or the message itself to reality with the postpositions deg, yshkash. It was established that the folklore texts under consideration use the same methods of expressing comparative relations that have been identified for the modern Tuvan language. However, the qualitative side (the complex of means and the nature of their functioning) and the quantitative side (the frequency of use of these units) are determined by the purpose of communication and depend on specific extralinguistic factor.
Sémiotique de la « Taille »
Authors: Granjon Émilie
Published: April 2024

Qu’il soit tailleur de pierre ou buriniste, l’artiste alchimiste ou franc-maçon utilise une technicalité de la « taille » précise et singulière. En altérant, creusant et polissant la matière, il reproduit le geste sémiotique de la tradition ésotérique : séparer la matière pour laisser jaillir l’unité d’une œuvre. Du savoir-faire de l’artiste-philosophe dit « ésotérique », se dégage une double phénoménologie, celle de la « taille » et celle des sciences ésotériques, qui donne à voir et à penser la production d’œuvres alchimiques et maçonniques, gravées et/ ou taillées, comme un acte énonciatif du discours « ésotérique ». Dans le présent texte, nous nous pencherons exclusivement sur les modalités sémiotiques qui instaurent un lien entre la production du signe gravée et sa signification « ésotérique »
Comparison of the Chairside Time and Fitness of Michigan Splints Fabricated With Conventional Method and Digital Method: A Self-Controlled Study
Authors:   Peking University School of Stomatology, China, Shuobo Fang
Published: April 2024

Purpose: To evaluate the chairside time and fitness of Michigan splints fabricated with conventional method and digital method. Material and Methods: Two Michigan splints were fabricated with conventional method and digital method respectively for 16 participants. In digital workflow, the data of dentitions were obtained by model scanning. Michigan splints were then designed, occlusal surface modified with the aid of fully adjustable virtual articulator, and fabricated by 3D printing technology with light-cured acrylic resin. In conventional workflow, splints were fabricated using waxed up method and fabricated with heat-cured acrylic resin. The chairside time of insertion and occlusal adjustment were recorded. The retention and comfort were evaluated by participants using 10cm Visual Analog Scales (VAS). Highly flowable Polyvinyl Siloxane (PVS) filled the space between tissue side of splints and occlusal surface of the natural dentitions. The fitness of the splints was calculated by scanning the tissue sides of splints with and without PVS replicas respectively. All data were divided into conventional group (control group) and digital group (test group), and self-controlled method was adopted. Differences between two groups were analyzed by paired t-test. Results: There was no statistical difference in insertion time between two groups (P=0.263). Test group took less chairside time for centric (605±436s vs. 945±427 s, P=0.007), protrusive (97.0±144s vs. 246±211s, P=0.036), and excursive (25.0±101s vs. 114±465s, P=0.026) occlusal adjustment than control group. The space of test group was significantly smaller than control group (350±120μm vs. 470±90.0μm, P<0.001). No statistical difference was detected in the scores of retention, comfort at postural position and comfort at centric occlusion between two groups (P≥0.113). Conclusion: Michigan splints fabricated with digital method need less chairside time and showed better fitness than conventional method.
Improvement of Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis during Treatment with Upadacitinib for Atopic Dermatitis
Authors:   Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, SC Pediatria Pneumoinfettivologia, Italy, DG Ghiglioni , L Cozzi ,   University of Milan, Italy, C Pigazzi ,   University of Milan, Italy, G Bruschi ,   University of Milan, Italy, S Osnaghi ,   Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale MaggiorePoliclinico di Milano, SC Oculistica, Italy, C Colonna ,   Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale MaggiorePoliclinico di Milano, Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Italy, C Mapelli ,   Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale MaggiorePoliclinico di Milano, SC Oculistica, Italy, D Galimberti ,   Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale MaggiorePoliclinico di Milano, SC Oculistica, Italy, PG Marchisio ,   Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation,University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, SC Pediatria Pneumoinfettivologia, Italy, SM Ferrucci ,   Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, SC dermatologia, Italy
Published: April 2024

Background: Upadacitinib is a small oral molecule that selectively inhibits Janus Associated Kinase (in particular JAK1) approved by FDA in 2022 for children (12 years and older) with refractory, moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. Nowadays there is a gap in knowledge about real world data (and comparison with Dupilumab) after very promising trials. Methods: Clinical images, disease scores and quality of life scales were collected in the first report about upadacitinib efficacy in a young AKC patient, in which Dupilumab did not allow the expected improvement in both the skin and the eyes. Results: Ocular symptoms and skin lesions sensibly improved after upadacitinib therapy (week 0: EASI 30, NRS ITCH 10, NRS SLEEP 8, DLQI 15, POEM 26 and week 52: EASI 0, NRS ITCH 2, NRS SLEEP 0, DLQI 1, POEM 1). Ocular symptoms (itching, photophobia and redness) improved, periocular skin healed. Tarsal papillary hypertrophy faced complete resolution replaced with scar tissue, corneal neovascularization resolved. Conclusions: Upadacitinib showed great clinical efficacy on DA and AKC and an even greater effect on quality of life. Upadacitinib must be taken into account in a patient with Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) considering that major adverse reaction of Dupilumab is conjunctivitis.
A Rare Case of Erythema Elevatum Diutinum with Blister
Authors:   Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), China, Wang Chunyou
Published: April 2024

We report a rare case of erythema elevatum diutinum with blisters, a 58-year-old woman presented with recurrent erythema, nodules, plaques, and blisters on her face, trunk, and extremities without no cause. The biopsy of the blisters on the left lower leg showed Leukoblastic vasculitis and the biopsy of the plaque on the dorsal right hand showed persistent elevated erythema tissue. The vesiculobullous appearance of EED is extremely rare, and the histopathological in both the acute and chronic stage found on skin biopsy are more worth reporting.
The Association of Propranolol with 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Reduces the Metabolism and the Proliferation of Cutaneous Squamous Carcinoma A431 Cell Line
Authors:   Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Massa, Italy, Almeida Carolina V De , Buscemi Marianna ,   Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Massa, Italy, Cavallo Aida ,   Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Massa, Italy, Lulli Matteo ,   Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Italy, Foffa Ilenia ,   Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Massa, Italy, Al Kayal Tamer ,   Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Massa, Italy, Soldani Giorgio ,   Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Massa, Italy, Losi Paola ,   Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Massa, Italy
Published: April 2024

Non-selective β-blocking (±)-Propranolol Hydrochloride was demonstrated to improve the progression-free survival of oncological patients. Since the expression of β-adrenoceptors in the epidermal squamous cell carcinoma was described, we hypothesized that the topical application of a β- adrenoceptors-blockers over the tumor lesion may decrease its extension before the surgical excision, becoming an adjuvant therapy against cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. However, it is known that β-AR-blocker anti-cancer activity as a single agent is limited. Hence, we suggested that the combination of propranolol with the glucose analog 2-Deoxy-D-glucose could improve its antiproliferative effect through the induction of metabolic stress. Propranolol and 2-Deoxy-D-glucose effect on A431 squamous cell carcinoma and normal keratinocytes evaluating metabolic activity, proliferation and apoptosis through MTT, immunofluorescence Ki-67 and AnnexinV assays, cell cycle analysis and migration assay. Our results demonstrated that the addition of 2-Deoxy-D-glucose low dose to propranolol improve its effect on reduction of A431 cells metabolism and proliferation, similar effect was observed on HaCaT viability and mobility. However, the HaCaT migration ability is not completely compromised. The combination of propranolol with a low dose of 2-Deoxy-D-glucose could be a promising treatment to be topically applied avoiding systemic adverse effects in patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
Structural and Tectonic Interpretation of Nkalagu and Environs Using High-Resolution Aeromagnetic Data
Authors:   Department of Physics, Kingsley Ozumba Mbadiwe University Ideato, Imo State, Nigeria, SC Igbokwe , IC Agbodike ,   Department of Physics Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria, BC Ejiogu ,   Alvan Ikoku University of Education, Owerri, Nigeria
Published: April 2024

The aeromagnetic survey carried out by the Geological Survey of Nigeria between 2003 and 2010, provided high-resolution aeromagnetic data used in this study. The study area is Nkalagu and its environs. It lies within latitudes N6o00 and N6o30 and longitudes 8o00 E and E. The geology of the study area is predominantly the geology of the Lower Benue Trough. The purpose of the study is to determine the depth of the basement and delineate the basement morphology and structural features associated with the subsurface of the study area using the structural and tectonic interpretation of aeromagnetic data. This will create indebt knowledge of the geology of Nkalagu and its environs. The Aeromagnetic data obtained were subjected to various data preprocessing enhancement techniques these include relief imaging, vertical and horizontal derivatives, analytic signal, apparent susceptibility mapping, automatic gain control, and spectral analysis. Results of the study revealed lineament with trend directions in the N-S, NE-SW, NW-SE, and E-W, with the NW-SE trend being dominant. When subjected to 2-D spectral analysis, it revealed a two-layer depth model; the shallow magnetic sources and the deep magnetic sources with average depths of 1.041 km and 3.574km respectively. Similarly, the average sedimentary thickness of the study area was estimated at approximately 3.6km.
A Comparative Study of Plasma N-Terminal Pro- Brain Natriuretic Peptide to Assess Asymptomatic Cardiovascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors:   Vice Chancellor RUHS Jaipur and Professor Emeritus, SMS Medical College, India, Bhandari Sudhir , Rankawat Govind ,   Assistant Professor, Department of General Medicine, SMS Medical College, India, Agarwal Abhishek ,   Senior Professor, Department of General Medicine, SMS Medical College, India, Gupta Vishal ,   Professor, Department of General Medicine, SMS Medical College, India
Published: April 2024

Background: This study aimed to assess NT-pro BNP level in patients of T2DM without overt cardiovascular disease to determine presence of Asymptomatic Left Ventricular Dysfunction (ALVD) compared with matched control group. Methods: This study conducted at SMS Hospital, Jaipur by selecting 60 patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus and 60 control of non-diabetic population. Information regarding demographic data, clinical symptoms, past medical history, laboratory parameters, NT pro-BNP and 2D Echocardiography collected from selected sample population for comparative analysis among both groups. Results: Patients of T2DM have significantly higher value of NT pro-BNP, blood sugar and HbA1c with proportionally increased diastolic dysfunction as compared to matched non-diabetic population (P<0.05). Absolute value of NT pro-BNP in patients of T2DM is directly correlated with age, duration of diabetes, Blood pressure, blood sugar level, HbA1c level, creatinine, total cholesterol and urine protein (positive correlation coefficient with P-value<0.05). Left ventricular ejection fractions were found statistically similar among both groups. Conclusion: Heart failure in patients with T2DM is a most crucial diabetic complication for diagnosis as well as management. Level of NT-pro BNP in blood stream is an important tool for early diagnosis of heart failure especially HFpEF. This study suggests that the secretion of NT-pro BNP is increased in patients with T2DM compared with control subject without overt heart disease. Therefore, measurement of NT-pro BNP paired might be a simple screening tool to identify patients with diabetes at risk for ventricular dysfunction requiring further examination with echocardiography.
Endometrioma Detected on Recombinant TSH-Stimulated 18F-FDG-PET/CT
Authors:   Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitary Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Spain, D Tamayo-Carabaño , L Martínez-Diher ,   Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitary Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Spain
Published: April 2024

A 43-year-old female patient diagnosed with high-grade follicular thyroid neoplasm in October 2022, treated with total thyroidectomy + left laterocervical lymphadenectomy in February 2023 with stage T4N0M0. A study with 18F-FDG PET/CT stimulated with Recombinant Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (rTSH) was requested prior to performing ablative treatment with radioactive iodine (131I) on the same day. Two days prior to the PET/CT study, a subcutaneous injection of rTSH (Thyrogen®) was administered, presenting, immediately after, pain in the right iliac fossa that did not subside with anti-inflammatories. The PET/CT image shows tumor remains in the anterior cervical region and a pelvic mass dependent on the right adnexa, not previously known, of a cystic nature, septated with FDG uptake, with an SUVmax of 15,3, which partially compresses the ipsilateral ureter. Treatment with 131I was postponed due to acute abdominal pain and it was decided to take him to the operating room where an oopherectomy + right adnexectomy was performed with an anatomopathological result of endometrioid cystadenoma. Due to structural similarities and cross-reactivity between hormones, and the presence of TSH receptors in endometrioid tissue, we propose that the growth of the tumor lesion in this case was precipitated by rTSH administration.
Optical Diffusion-Ordered Spectroscopy: A Simultaneous Probe of Molecular Size and UV/Visible Absorption
Authors: Giubertoni Giulia , Gomes Rachid Marina , Moll Carolyn , Hilbers Michiel , Samanipour Saer , Woutersen Sander
Published: April 2024

Based on concepts from nuclear magnetic resonance, we have developed UV/Vis Diffusion-Ordered Spectroscopy, which simultaneously probes the size and the electronic spectrum of molecules and particles. We use simple flow technology to create a step-function concentration profile inside an optical sample cell, and by measuring the time-dependent absorption spectrum in an initially solvent-filled part of the sample volume, we obtain the diffusion coefficients and the UV/Vis spectra of the species present in the sample solution. From this data, we construct a two-dimensional spectrum with absorption wavelength on one axis and diffusion coefficient (or equivalently, size) on the other, in which the UV/Vis spectrum of a mixture with different molecular sizes is separated into the spectra of the different species, sorted by size. We demonstrate this method on mixed aqueous solutions of fluorescent dyes, biomolecules, and the UV-absorbing components of coffee, caffeine and chlorogenic acid, all with concentrations in the μM range. By using UV/Vis-DOSY, we can simultaneously determine the diffusion coefficient and the electronic spectrum of molecular species in a solution.
Scaling Laws for Optimal Turbulent Flow in Tree-Like Networks with Smooth and Rough Tubes and Power-Law Fluids
Authors: Garg Ashish , Mishra Himanshu , Sarkar Jayati , Pattanayek Sudip K.
Published: April 2024

In this study, we develop a comprehensive analytical framework to derive the optimal scaling laws for turbulent flows within tree-like self-similar branching networks, integrating a non-Newtonian power-law fluid model with index $n$. Our analysis encompasses turbulent flows occurring in both smooth and rough tubes under constraints of network's tube-volume and tube surface area. We introduce the non-dimensional conductance parameter $E$ to quantify flow conditions, investigating its variations with diameter ratio $\beta$, length ratio $\gamma$, branch splitting $N$, and branching generation levels $m$. Our findings reveal a decrease in $E$ with increasing $\gamma$, $N$, and $m$, highlighting the influence of these parameters on flow conductance. Under volume constraint, we identify optimal flow conditions for both smooth and rough tube networks, characterized by distinct scaling laws as $ D_{k+1}/D_{k} = \beta^* = N^{-(10n+1)/(24n+3)} $, and $D_{k+1}/D_{k} = N^{-3/7} $ (or flow rate proportional to $D_k^{(24n+3)/(10n+1)}$ and $D_k^{7/3}$ ), respectively, where $D_k$ is tube-diameter and $\dot{m}_k$ is the mass flow-rate in a branch at the $k_{th}$ level . Notably, the scaling in the rough tube network remains independent of the power-law index $n$, unlike the smooth tube network where it depends on $n$. Similarly, under surface-area constraint, we observe distinct optimal flow conditions for smooth and rough tube networks as with different scaling laws as $D_{k+1}/D_{k} = \beta^* = N^{-(10n+1)/(21n+2)} $, and $D_{k+1}/D_{k} = N^{-1/2} $ (or flow rate proportional to $D_k^{(21n+2)/(10n+1)}$ and $D_k^{2}$ ), respectively, again smooth tube network showing dependency on the power-law index $n$. Moreover, we uncover a trend where the scaling exponent slope decreases with increasing $n$ in volume constraint networks, while the opposite holds true for surface-area constraint networks. In conclusion, our research significantly extends the applicability of Murray's Law, offering valuable insights into the design and optimization of branching networks under various constraints and fluid properties. By incorporating non-Newtonian fluid behavior and considering tube-wall characteristics, our findings contribute to enhancing the efficiency and performance of diverse engineering systems involving fluid flow.
Helical dinuclear transition metal complexes with bis(bidentate) [S,N] ligands: synthesis, structural and computational studies
Authors: Allen Jamie , Saßmannshausen Jörg , Singh Kuldip , Kilpatrick Alexander F. R.
Published: April 2024

A diprotic bis(β-thioketoimine) ligand featuring a flexible 4,4’-methylbis(aniline) linker, H22, was synthesised via treatment of the corresponding bis(β-ketoimine) with Lawesson’s reagent. Proligand H22 underwent lithiation and coordination with one equivalent of d-block metal(II) chlorides MCl2(THF)x (M = Fe, Co and Zn) to yield a corresponding series of homoleptic dinuclear complexes, [M2(μ-2)2]. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals a tetrahedral geometry for the two metals and a double-stranded helicate structure arising from inter-strand face-face π-stacking. These interactions create a helical ‘twist’ of ca. 70°. Utilising a bulky mononucleating β-thioketoiminate ligand, [3]–, the analogous series of heteroleptic monometallic complexes, [M(3)2] (M = Fe, Co and Zn), were prepared and characterised by spectroscopic, analytical and X-ray diffraction techniques. A comprehensive DFT study of all complexes reveals a stronger M–S bonding compared to M–N due to a higher degree of covalency. Solution magnetic studies and Natural Bonding Orbital calculations are consistent with high-spin tetrahedral Fe(II) and Co(II) centres, and cyclic voltammetry reveals both oxidation and reduction processes are accessible.
Revealing Ion Adsorption and Charging Mechanisms in Layered Metal-Organic Framework Supercapacitors with Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Balhatchet Chloe , Gittins Jamie , Shin Seung-Jae , Ge Kangkang , Liu Xinyu , Trisukhon Teedhat , Sharma Shivani , Kress Thomas , Taberna Pierre-Louis , Simon Patrice , Walsh Aron , Forse Alexander
Published: April 2024

Conductive layered metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have demonstrated promising electrochemical performances as supercapacitor electrode materials. The well-defined chemical structures of these crystalline porous electrodes facilitate structure-performance studies, however there is a fundamental lack in the molecular-level understanding of charge storage mechanisms in conductive layered MOFs. To address this, we employ solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study ion adsorption in nickel 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotriphenylene, Ni3(HITP)2. In this system, we find that separate resonances can be observed for the MOF’s in-pore and ex-pore ions. The chemical shift of in-pore electrolyte is found to be governed by specific chemical interactions with the MOF functional groups, with this result supported by quantum-mechanics/molecular-mechanics (QM/MM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Quantification of the electrolyte environments by NMR was also found to provide a proxy for electrochemical performance, which could facilitate the rapid screening of synthesised MOF samples. Finally, the charge storage mechanism was explored using a combination of ex-situ NMR and operando electrochemical quartz-crystal microbalance (EQCM) experiments. These measurements revealed that cations are the dominant contributor to charge storage in Ni3(HITP)2, with anions contributing only a minor contribution to the charge storage. Overall, this work establishes the methods for studying MOF-electrolyte interactions via NMR spectroscopy. Understanding how these interactions influence the charging storage mechanism will aid the design of MOF-electrolyte combinations to optimise the performance of supercapacitors, as well as other electrochemical devices including electrocatalysts and sensors.
Moiré Superlattices of Zn2+ Mediated 2D Assembly of Mn2+-Cysteine Complex Nanoparticles Alter Electron Spin Transitions in the X-band
Authors: Hajra Archismita , Chattopadhyay Arun
Published: April 2024

Ambient reaction-mediated assembly of cysteine-based nanoparticles of Mn complex, and Zn2+ ion led to the generation of moiré patterns in 2D films. Individually formed crystalline 2D films made of manganese cysteine complex nanoparticles and Zn2+ ions were stacked angularly against each other giving rise to the moiré films. Selected area electron diffraction patterns revealed a wide range of twist angles. Circular dichroism peaks appearing at 480 nm, 513 nm, and 643 nm; representing moiré chirality were observed irrespective of the chiral identity of the constituent ligand. The moiré films were constituted of two chemically different types of Mn2+ ions as revealed by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. The ESR signal of Mn2+ ion was found to have been altered upon formation of the moiré films as a result of the prevalent interfacial magnetic field of the individual 2D films. The current work focuses on the generation of self-assembled moiré materials of manganese cysteine nanoparticles by Zn2+ ion and the influence of so formed moiré pattern on the chemical environment of the Mn2+ ions. The discovery of inorganic complex nanoparticle-based moiré material can offer structural, physical, and chemical diversity to materials science.
Acid Strength Effects on Off-Cycle Dimerization During Metal-Free Catalytic Dioxygen Reduction
Authors: Cook Emma , Flaxman Luke , Reid Amelia , Dickie Diane , Machan Charles
Published: April 2024

Development of earth-abundant catalysts for the reduction of dioxygen (ORR) is essential for the development of alternative industrial processes and energy sources. Here, we report a transition metal-free diium organocatalyst (Ph2Phen2+) for the ORR via an outer-sphere mechanism. The ORR performance of this compound was studied in acetonitrile solution under both electrochemical conditions and spectrochemical conditions, using halogenated acetic acid derivatives spanning a pKa range of 12.65 to 20.3. Interestingly, it was found that under electrochemical conditions, an off-cycle dimer species forms via an inner-sphere reaction due to the relatively high concentration of Ph2Phen•+ in the reaction-diffusion layer. However, under spectrochemical conditions, strong acids were able to rapidly protonate O2•– en route to disproportionation, avoiding the off-cycle dimeric species, whereas weaker acids were found to be rate-limited by the dimer equilibrium. Together, these results provide insight into the mechanisms of ORR by organic-based, metal-free catalysts, suggesting that balancing redox activity and unsaturated character of these molecules with respect to the pKa of intermediates can enable tuning analogous to transition metal-based systems.
Safety and efficacy of ribociclib in combination with letrozole in an extended population of patients with HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer: analysis of data from a subgroup of patients from Russia in the phase lllb CompLEEment-1 study
Authors: Zhukova Liudmila G. , Bolotina Larisa V. , Dvornichenko Victoria V. , Fadeeva Natalia V. , Ganshina Inna P. , Grechukhina Katerina S. , Hasanova Alfiya I. , Kislov Nikolay V. , Kudryavtsev Igor Yu. , Manikhas Alexey G. , Musaeva Natalia E. , Nizhegorodtseva Alexandra A. , Sadikova Olga E. , Sakaeva Dina D. , Snegovoy Anton V. , Stroyakovskiy Daniil L. , Tjulandin Sergei A. , Trishkina Ekaterina A. , Vladimirova Liubov Iu. , Volkov Nikita M. , Kostalanova Yulia V.
Published: April 2024

Background. The use of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors in combination with endocrine therapy is a key initial treatment for advanced luminal HER2-negative (HR+/HER2-) breast cancer. The approval studies MONALEESA-2 and 7 demonstrated the efficacy and safety of ribociclib in combination with aromatase inhibitors as a first-line treatment in post- and premenopausal patients. In the Phase lllb CompLEEment-1 study, the same treatment regimen was evaluated in an extended patient population in terms of both safety and efficacy. The article presents an analysis of data from a subgroup of patients from Russia.
Materials and methods. The study included 129 patients from Russia who met the inclusion criteria for the CompLEEment-1 study. The primary endpoint was the incidence of adverse events (AEs) at a median follow-up of 25.4 months. Secondary endpoints were median progression-free survival, objective response rate, and disease control.
Results. The efficacy and safety results of the therapy in the subgroup of patients from Russia were consistent with the general population of patients included in CompLEEment-1. The incidence of AEs requiring dose adjustment or treatment interruption was 58.1%, and the permanent discontinuation rate was 15.5%. The most frequently reported treatment-related AEs grade 3 or higher were neutropenia and transaminase increased.
Conclusion Data obtained in a subgroup of patients from the Russian Federation confirm the safety and tolerability of ribociclib in an extended population of patients with HR+/HER2- breast cancer in settings close to the real world.
Intensity of repeated disability due to brain malignancies in the female population in Moscow for 2017–2021
Authors: Zaparii Sergey P. , Potapenko Olga I.
Published: April 2024

Aim. To study the rates of repeated disability due to brain malignancies in the female population in Moscow for 2017–2021 and develop measures to prevent morbidity and reduce disability from these causes.
Materials and methods. The study was continuous; the information database of the Single Automated Vertically Integrated Information and Analytics System for Social Security Medical Assessments of the Main Office of Medical and Social Assessment was used based on the results of a re-examination of female patients with brain malignancies (BM) at the Bureau of Medical and Social Expertise for 2017–2021.
Results. The study of repeated disability of the female population due to brain malignancies in Moscow for 2017–2021 showed an increase in the absolute number and percentage of persons repeatedly recognized as disabled; the predominance of persons of working age (63.8%) with an upward trend; the predominance of disabled people of group II with a tendency to increase in absolute number, proportion and level; the predominance of disabled people of groups II–III among women of working age and groups I–II among persons older than working age.
Conclusion. The study of repeated disability of the female population due to brain malignancies in Moscow for 2017–2021 showed an increase in the absolute number and percentage of persons repeatedly recognized as disabled; the predominance of persons of working age (63.8%) with an upward trend; the predominance of disabled people of group II with a tendency to increase in absolute number, proportion and level; the predominance of disabled people of groups II–III among women of working age and groups I–II among persons older than working age. It indicates the need for preventive measures, screening for early detection of brain malignancies, primarily of the working-age population, with the expansion of high-tech approaches to patients, observing routing at all stages of medical rehabilitation with the introduction of modern technologies.