bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finite Verb Morphology Composite Between Age 4 and Age 9 for the Edmonton Narrative Norms Instrument: Reference Data and Psychometric Properties
Authors: Guo Ling-Yu , Eisenberg Sarita , Schneider Phyllis , Spencer Linda
Published: November 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to provide reference data and evaluate the psychometric properties for the finite verb morphology composite (FVMC) measure in children between 4 and 9 years of age from the database of the Edmonton Narrative Norms Instrument (ENNI;
Schneider, Dubé, & Hayward, 2005
).

Method

Participants included 377 children between age 4 and age 9, including 300 children with typical language and 77 children with language impairment (LI). Narrative samples were collected using a story generation task. FVMC scores were computed from the samples. Split-half reliability, concurrent criterion validity, and diagnostic accuracy for FVMC were further evaluated.

Results

Children's performance on FVMC increased significantly between age 4 and age 9 in the typical language and LI groups. Moreover, the correlation coefficients for the split-half reliability and concurrent criterion validity of FVMC were medium to large (
r
s ≥ .429,
p
s < .001) at each age level. The diagnostic accuracy of FVMC was good or acceptable from age 4 to age 7, but it dropped to a poor level at age 8 and age 9.

Conclusion

With the empirical evidence, FVMC is appropriate for identifying children with LI between age 4 and age 7. The reference data of FVMC could also be used for monitoring treatment progress.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.10073183
In Support of the Exceptional Voice
Authors: Sloggy JoAnna , Stemple Joseph , Rowles Graham , Andreatta Richard
Published: November 2019

Purpose

The human voice is an exceptionally versatile instrument that is capable of complex communicative and emotive behaviors. Typically, these behaviors are sufficient for daily communication activities; however, elite vocal athletes have higher vocal demands and arguably enhanced vocal capabilities. The current definition of a voice disorder is a change in quality, pitch, and loudness of the voice that draws attention to the speaker. In this article, we suggest that this definition does not provide an adequate description of voice problems of elite vocal athletes.

Conclusion

As a result, the current clinical system of evaluation and intervention may fail to meet the needs of the exceptional voice when even a subtle decline in vocal quality may affect performance. Under the current definition of a voice disorder, these vocal changes may not qualify for vocal rehabilitation supported by 3rd-party payers. To address this issue, we offer a definition of the exceptional voice, propose expansion of the current voice production continuum to include high-level vocal performers, and provide recommendations for the rehabilitation and habilitation of the exceptional voice.
SRAP for range‐coupled radar imaging
Authors: Chen Baoxin , Dong Yunlong , Huang Yong , Guan Jian , Chen Xiaolong
Published: November 2019

Both waveforms of the frequency diverse array radar and the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing multiple‐input–multiple‐output radar are range coupled, so they provide an inherent advantage of angle–range joint imaging. The derivation of the signal models shows that the ranging principles are the same and the main differences lie in the spectrum structures and the demodulation schemes. Space–range adaptive processing (SRAP) is proposed for the two kinds of radar systems. Numerical simulations show that super‐resolution angle–range images with extra‐low sidelobes can be obtained via SRAP. The super‐resolution performances of the range‐coupled radars are evaluated and analysed.
Synthesis of Ag‐loaded tungsten oxide microspheres and their improved photocatalytic activity
Authors: She Yu , Zhu Yufu , Zhou Lei , Yuan Yuanmi , Hao Jing , Jiang Qingsong
Published: November 2019

In this study, tungsten oxide microstructures/nanostructures with different morphologies were prepared by the hydrothermal synthesis methods. The morphologies and structures of the obtained products were characterised by field‐emission scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. The photocatalytic properties of tungsten oxide microstructures/nanostructures were characterised by the degradation of rhodamine B solution. The results indicate that tungsten oxide microspheres prepared by using tungstic acid and hydrogen peroxide solution as raw materials show the highest photocatalytic activity. By changing the concentration of tungstic acid used in the synthesis process, the morphologies of tungsten oxide microspheres can be controlled. The influences of the amount of chemical reagent addition on its morphology and catalytic properties were discussed. In order to further improve the photocatalytic activity of the samples, Ag nanoparticles were loaded on the obtained tungsten oxide microspheres. The photocatalytic experiment results indicate that the photocatalytic performance of tungsten oxide was improved by Ag loading. The results indicate that Ag‐loaded tungsten oxide microspheres are favourable for their photocatalytic applications.
AVIATOR: Morphological object reconstruction in 3D
Authors: Hasenberger Birgit , Alves João
Published: November 2019

Reconstructing 3D distributions from their 2D projections is a ubiquitous problem in various scientific fields, particularly so in observational astronomy. In this work, we present a new approach to solving this problem: a Vienna inverse-Abel-transform based object reconstruction algorithm AVIATOR. The reconstruction that it performs is based on the assumption that the distribution along the line of sight is similar to the distribution in the plane of projection, which requires a morphological analysis of the structures in the projected image. The output of the AVIATOR algorithm is an estimate of the 3D distribution in the form of a reconstruction volume that is calculated without the problematic requirements that commonly occur in other reconstruction methods such as symmetry in the plane of projection or modelling of radial profiles. We demonstrate the robustness of the technique to different geometries, density profiles, and noise by applying the AVIATOR algorithm to several model objects. In addition, the algorithm is applied to real data: We reconstruct the density and temperature distributions of two dense molecular cloud cores and find that they are in excellent agreement with profiles reported in the literature. The AVIATOR algorithm is thus capable of reconstructing 3D distributions of physical quantities consistently using an intuitive set of assumptions.
Search for H3+ isotopologues toward CRL 2136 IRS 1
Authors: Goto Miwa , Geballe Thomas R. , Harju Jorma , Caselli Paola , Sipilä Olli , Menten Karl M. , Usuda Tomonori
Published: November 2019

Context. Deuterated interstellar molecules frequently have abundances relative to their main isotopologues much higher than the overall elemental D-to-H ratio in the cold dense interstellar medium. H3+ and its isotopologues play a key role in the deuterium fractionation; however, the abundances of these isotopologues have not been measured empirically with respect to H3+ to date.

Aims. Our aim was to constrain the relative abundances of H2D+ and D3+ in the cold outer envelope of the hot core CRL 2136 IRS 1.

Methods. We carried out three observations targeting H3+ and its isotopologues using the spectrographs CRIRES at the VLT, iSHELL at IRTF, and EXES on board SOFIA. In addition, the CO overtone band at 2.3 μm was observed by iSHELL to characterize the gas on the line of sight.

Results. The H3+ ion was detected toward CRL 2136 IRS 1 as in previous observations. Spectroscopy of lines of H2D+ and D3+ resulted in non-detections. The 3σ upper limits of N(H2D+)/N(H3+) and N(D3+)/N(H3+) are 0.24 and 0.13, respectively. The population diagram for CO is reproduced by two components of warm gas with the temperatures 58 and 530 K, assuming a local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) distribution of the rotational levels. Cold gas (<20 K) makes only a minor contribution to the CO molecular column toward CRL 2136 IRS 1.

Conclusions. The critical conditions for deuterium fractionation in a dense cloud are low temperature and CO depletion. Given the revised cloud properties, it is no surprise that H3+ isotopologues are not detected toward CRL 2136 IRS 1. The result is consistent with our current understanding of how deuterium fractionation proceeds.
Could bow-shaped magnetic morphologies surround filamentary molecular clouds?
Authors: Tahani M. , Plume R. , Brown J. C. , Soler J. D. , Kainulainen J.
Published: November 2019

Context.A new method based on Faraday rotation measurements recently found the line-of-sight component of magnetic fields in Orion-A and showed that their direction changes from the eastern side of this filamentary structure to its western side. Three possible magnetic field morphologies that can explain this reversal across the Orion-A region are toroidal, helical, and bow-shaped morphologies.

Aims.In this paper, we constructed simple models to represent these three morphologies and compared them with the available observational data to find the most probable morphology(ies).

Methods.We compared the observations with the models and used probability values and a Monte Carlo analysis to determine the most likely magnetic field morphology among these three morphologies.

Results.We found that the bow morphology had the highest probability values, and that our Monte-Carlo analysis suggested that the bow morphology was more likely.

Conclusions.We suggest that the bow morphology is the most likely and the most natural of the three morphologies that could explain a magnetic field reversal across the Orion-A filamentary structure (i.e., bow, helical and toroidal morphologies).
Ionized calcium in the atmospheres of two ultra-hot exoplanets WASP-33b and KELT-9b
Authors: Yan F. , Casasayas-Barris N. , Molaverdikhani K. , Alonso-Floriano F. J. , Reiners A. , Pallé E. , Henning Th. , Mollière P. , Chen G. , Nortmann L. , Snellen I. A. G. , Ribas I. , Quirrenbach A. , Caballero J. A. , Amado P. J. , Azzaro M. , Bauer F. F. , Cortés Contreras M. , Czesla S. , Khalafinejad S. , Lara L. M. , López-Puertas M. , Montes D. , Nagel E. , Oshagh M. , Sánchez-López A. , Stangret M. , Zechmeister M.
Published: November 2019

Ultra-hot Jupiters are emerging as a new class of exoplanets. Studying their chemical compositions and temperature structures will improve our understanding of their mass loss rate as well as their formation and evolution. We present the detection of ionized calcium in the two hottest giant exoplanets – KELT-9b and WASP-33b. By using transit datasets from CARMENES and HARPS-N observations, we achieved high-confidence-level detections of Ca II using the cross-correlation method. We further obtain the transmission spectra around the individual lines of the Ca II H&K doublet and the near-infrared triplet, and measure their line profiles. The Ca II H&K lines have an average line depth of 2.02 ± 0.17% (effective radius of 1.56 Rp) for WASP-33b and an average line depth of 0.78 ± 0.04% (effective radius of 1.47 Rp) for KELT-9b, which indicates that the absorptions are from very high upper-atmosphere layers close to the planetary Roche lobes. The observed Ca II lines are significantly deeper than the predicted values from the hydrostatic models. Such a discrepancy is probably a result of hydrodynamic outflow that transports a significant amount of Ca II into the upper atmosphere. The prominent Ca II detection with the lack of significant Ca I detection implies that calcium is mostly ionized in the upper atmospheres of the two planets.
Effect of wind-driven accretion on planetary migration
Authors: Kimmig C. N. , Dullemond C. P. , Kley W.
Published: November 2019

Context. Planetary migration is a key link between planet formation models and observed exoplanet statistics. So far, the theory of planetary migration has focused on the interaction of one or more planets with an inviscid or viscously evolving gaseous disk. Turbulent viscosity is thought to be the main driver of the secular evolution of the disk, and it is known to affect the migration process for intermediate- to high-mass planets. Recently, however, the topic of wind-driven accretion has experienced a renaissance because evidence is mounting that protoplanetary disks may be less turbulent than previously thought, and 3D non-ideal magnetohydrodynamic modeling of the wind-launching process is maturing.

Aims. We investigate how wind-driven accretion may affect planetary migration. We aim for a qualitative exploration of the main effects and not for a quantitative prediction.

Methods. We performed 2D hydrodynamic planet-disk interaction simulations with the FARGO3D code in the (r, ϕ) plane. The vertical coordinate in the disk and the launching of the wind are not treated explicitly. Instead, the torque caused by the wind onto the disk is treated using a simple two-parameter formula. The parameters are the wind mass-loss rate and the lever arm.

Results. We find that the wind-driven accretion process replenishes the co-orbital region in a different way than the viscous accretion process. The former always injects mass from the outer edge of the co-orbital region, and always removes mass from the inner edge, while the latter injects or removes mass from the co-orbital region depending on the radial density gradients in the disk. As a consequence, the migration behavior can differ strongly, and can under certain conditions drive rapid type-III-like outward migration. We derive an analytic expression for the parameters under which this outward migration occurs.

Conclusions. If wind-driven accretion plays a role in the secular evolution of protoplanetary disks, planetary migration studies have to include this process as well because it can strongly affect the resulting migration rate and migration direction.
The star formation timescale of elliptical galaxies
Authors: Yan Zhiqiang , Jerabkova Tereza , Kroupa Pavel
Published: November 2019

The alpha element to iron peak element ratio, for example [Mg/Fe], is a commonly applied indicator of the galaxy star formation timescale (SFT) since the two groups of elements are mainly produced by different types of supernovae that explode over different timescales. However, it is insufficient to consider only [Mg/Fe] when estimating the SFT. The [Mg/Fe] yield of a stellar population depends on its metallicity. Therefore, it is possible for galaxies with different SFTs and at the same time different total metallicity to have the same [Mg/Fe]. This effect has not been properly taken into consideration in previous studies. In this study, we assume the galaxy-wide stellar initial mass function (gwIMF) to be canonical and invariant. We demonstrate that our computation code reproduces the SFT estimations of previous studies, where only the [Mg/Fe] observational constraint is applied. We then demonstrate that once both metallicity and [Mg/Fe] observations are considered, a more severe “downsizing relation” is required. This means that either low-mass ellipticals have longer SFTs (> 4 Gyr for galaxies with mass below 1010 M⊙) or massive ellipticals have shorter SFTs (≈200 Myr for galaxies more massive than 1011 M⊙) than previously thought. This modification increases the difficulty in reconciling such SFTs with other observational constraints. We show that applying different stellar yield modifications does not relieve this formation timescale problem. The quite unrealistically short SFT required by [Mg/Fe] and total metallicity would be prolonged if a variable stellar gwIMF were assumed. Since a systematically varying gwIMF has been suggested by various observations this could present a natural solution to this problem.
Charge accumulation in thunderstorm clouds: fractal dynamic model
Authors: Kumykov Tembulat
Published: November 2019

The paper considers a fractal dynamic charge accumulation model in thunderstorm clouds in view of the fractal dimension. Analytic solution to the model equation has been found. Using numerical calculations we have shown the relationship between the charge accumulation and the medium with the fractal structure. A comparative study of thunderstorm electrification mechanisms have been performed.
Parameters of lightning activity in the tropical cyclones at the stage of maximum development in August 2016
Authors: Shabaganova Svetlana , Tarabukina Lena , Kozlov Vladimir
Published: November 2019

This article discusses the parameters of thunderstorm activity in the structure of tropical cyclones that had an impact on the Russian Far East in August 2016. The study shows in detail the change in the cloud mass and describes its structure during the lifetime of the most powerful tropical cyclone Lionrock (2016). It is shown that the density distribution of lightning discharges in the range of tropical cyclones (up to 1000 km), reaching the typhoon stage, is characterized by two local maxima. The distribution density of lightning discharges in the range of tropical cyclones that have reached a strong tropical storm is characterized by one maximum. The lifetime of thunderstorm cells that stand out is 40-50 minutes in average. Before the typhoon stage, the area of thunderstorm cells increased, and then, the number of cells as well as the intensity of discharges in the cell increased, but their lifetime and area decreased.
Complex for experimental research of elastic wave interactions with ice layer
Authors: Chen Wenjian , Chernenko Vasily , Petrosyants Victor , Grishchenko Vladimir
Published: November 2019

An adjustable pneumatic generator of acoustic signals with shock excitation was developed. Measuring and computing complex was also created to investigate elastic acoustic wave propagation along ice surface. Experiments on low-frequency acoustic signal propagation from the pneumatic generator were carried out in «water-ice-air» system. The possibility to apply the developed measuring and computing complex for physical modeling of acoustic wave propagation from earthquake sources along ice cover was confirmed.
Cosmic rays as an indicator of the geoeffectiveness of magnetic clouds
Authors: Petukhova Anastasia , Petukhov Ivan , Petukhov Stanislav , Gololobov Petr
Published: November 2019

Geomagnetic storms are initiated by organized magnetic structures of the solar wind. The intensity of magnetic storms is determined by the product of the southward component of the magnetic field and the time interval, during which the structure is located near Earth: the larger the product, the higher the storm intensity. To determine the local properties of the structures, direct spacecraft measurements of the plasma and magnetic field characteristics are used. Global properties of the structures are also of great interest. Such information can be obtained using measurements of cosmic rays by the worldwide network of neutron monitors. Magnetic clouds are examples of these structures. About 30% of magnetic storms are caused by magnetic clouds. In our theory of the formation of Forbush decrease in a magnetic cloud, it has been found that the components of the vector anisotropy in time are determined by the magnetic cloud type. Thus, using the cosmic ray method, it is possible to determine a connection between the magnetic cloud type and the intensity of the magnetic storm. Similar connections can be made for other magnetic structures.
Frequency characteristics of the fractional oscillator Van der Pol
Authors: Parovik Roman
Published: November 2019

Into this paper, the amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency characteristics of the Van der Polar fractional oscillator are studied in order to establish their relationship with the orders of fractional derivatives included in the model equation. Using the harmonic balance method, analytical formulas were obtained for the amplitude-frequency, phase-frequency characteristics, as well as the quality factor – the energy characteristic of the oscillatory system. It was shown that the quality factor depends on the orders of fractional derivatives, and change in their values can lead to both an increase and a decrease in the quality factor.
Influence of (extreme) radiation and optical characteristics in physical and biological features of a regulated lake
Authors: Rodríguez-López Lien , Parra Oscar , Cárdenas Rolando , González Lisdelys , Pedreros Pablo , Karrasch Bernhard , Almanza Viviana , Urrutia Roberto
Published: November 2019

Radiation plays an essential role in the establishment and proliferation of biota in natural environments. The photosynthetic process determines the existence of all life forms, since it supplies the energy that this photobiological process needs for the reaction, it is carried out by absorbing photons in the visible and infrared bands of the electromagnetic spectrum, while ultraviolet (UV) photons and ionizing radiation tends to inhibit it (decreasing, by various mechanisms, its quantum yield). The speed of photosynthesis, measured by the amount of O2 released in the unit of time (or CO2 absorbed) depends on the intensity of the incident light, in the last three decades this radiation has been increased by the decrease of stratospheric ozone in the South latitudes of our planet, for this reason the UV values in the aquatic ecosystems of Chile have been high as well as a considerable increase in the surface temperature of the bodies of water, having possible implications in the primary biological productivity of the ecosystems lakes, especially in Andean lakes. This increase in radiation could be related to the abundance of the different algal groups and the seasonal variability of them, creating favorable conditions for those dominant species considered invasive of these ecosystems. This paper shows the direct relationship between the concentration of ozone (O3) and ultraviolet radiation and how it influences the vertical distribution of the phytoplankton groups in the water column. For the first time it was found in this lake the appearance of a bloom of toxic cyanobacteria.
Observation of the seismic mode «drumbeats» on volcanoes of the world and Kizimen volcano (Russia)
Authors: Shakirova Alexandra , Firstov Pavel
Published: November 2019

The squeezing of viscous lava flows or blocks on an extrusive dome during eruptions of andesitic and dacitic volcanoes is accompanied by volcanic earthquakes the seismic mode «drumbeats». The features of this mode are the quasi-periodicity of the volcanic earthquakes appearance for a long time, uniform waveforms and close VE magnitudes. This mode shows surprisingly the equilibrium behavior of a volcanic eruption.
Targeted Muscle Reinnervation: Outcomes in Treating Chronic Pain Secondary to Extremity Amputation and Phantom Limb Syndrome
Authors: McNamara Colin T. , Iorio Matthew L.
Published: November 2019

Background Secondary to vascular disease, oncological resection, or devastating trauma, lower extremity amputations are performed globally at a yearly rate exceeding 1 million patients. Three-quarters of these patients will develop chronic pain or phantom pain, which presents a functional limitation for prosthetic use and contributes to deconditioning and increased mortality. Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) presents a surgical solution to this problem as either a primary or secondary intervention.

Methods A review of the existing literature was conducted using a combination of the terms “phantom pain” “chronic pain,” “neuroma,” and “targeted muscle reinnervation” in Medline and PubMed.

Results Five articles were found which addressed TMR for pain syndromes, four of which involved lower extremity amputation. Four of the articles were retrospective reviews, and one was a randomized control trial. A total of 149 patients were included, of which 82 underwent lower extremity amputation. Ninety-two of the patients underwent prophylactic TMR, of which 57 were secondary procedures.

In patients who underwent TMR at the time of amputation, all studies reported a minimal development of symptomatic neuromas (27%). For secondary TMR, near-complete resolution of previous pain was found (90%). Phantom pain was noted to be similar to other studies in the literature but noted to improve over time with both primary (average drop of 3.5 out of 10 points on the numerical rating scale) and secondary (diminishing from 72% of patients to 13% over 6 months) operations.

Conclusion Although much of the current literature is limited to retrospective studies with few patients, these data point toward near-complete resolution of neuroma pain after treatment as well as complete prevention of chronic pain if TMR is used as a prophylactic measure during the index amputation.

This study was a level of evidence IV.
Timing of Repair or Reconstruction after Knee Dislocation
Authors: Fanelli Gregory C.
Published: November 2019

The multiple ligament injured knee (knee dislocation) is, often times, part of a multisystem injury complex that can include not only injuries to knee ligaments but also to blood vessels, skin, nerves, bones (fractures), head injuries, and other organ system trauma. These additional injuries can affect surgical timing for knee ligament reconstruction and also affect the results of the treatment. This article will present the author's approach and experience in the initial assessment and treatment of the acute multiple ligament injured (dislocated) knee, and also present considerations in the treatment of chronic multiple ligament injured knee.
Disseminated Mycobacterium Avium Infection in a Child with Complete Interferon-γ Receptor 1 Deficiency due to Compound Heterozygosis of IFNGR1 for a Subpolymorphic Copy Number Variation and a Novel Splice-Site Variant
Authors: Bossi Grazia , Errichiello Edoardo , Zuffardi Orsetta , Marone Piero , Monzillo Vincenzina , Barbarini Daniela , Vergori Antonio , Bassi Lorenzo Andrea , Rispoli Gaetana Anna , De Amici Mara , Zecca Marco
Published: November 2019

Complete interferon-γ receptor 1 deficiency is a monogenic primary immunodeficiency caused by IFNGR1 germline defects, with autosomal dominant or recessive inheritance, which results in invasive mycobacterial diseases with varying degrees of severity. Most of the autosomal recessive IFNGR1 mutations are homozygous loss-of-function single-nucleotide variants, whereas large genomic deletions and compound heterozygosity have been very rarely reported. Herein we describe the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and successful treatment with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation of a child with disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection due to compound heterozygosity for a subpolymorphic copy number variation and a novel splice-site variant.
A Compound Heterozygous Mutation in the Ciliary Gene TTC21B Causes Nephronophthisis Type 12
Authors: Abo El Fotoh Wafaa Moustafa M. , Al-fiky Amira Fathy
Published: November 2019

Nephronophthisis (NPHP) is one of the renal ciliopathies and is also a cystic renal disorder with an autosomal recessive inheritance, which usually progresses to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). It affects children, adolescents, and young adults. In approximately 15% of cases, the features of a ciliopathy syndrome, which include liver fibrosis, skeletal anomalies, retinal abnormalities, and neurodevelopmental delay, will be present. We describe a case of a 2-year-old male child with ESRD on hemodialysis and a family record of a similar condition (his brother). The clinical features of this child are succinctly summarized. The genetic study was conducted using whole exome sequencing. TTC21B mutational variants were detected in our patient who exhibited nephrotic-range proteinuria, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and tubulointerstitial lesions that evolved to ESRD. Compound heterozygous mutations, c.626c > t (p.P209L) in exon 6 and c.450 g > a (p.W150Ter) in exon 5, were uncovered. These findings are in line with the description of autosomal recessive NPHP type 12. Both clinical and pathological diagnoses of NPHP are critical, bearing in mind ESRD as well as its related extrarenal defining features. Identification of the pathogenic variants in the TTC21B gene assisted in the successful proof of the clinical diagnosis NPHP12 as well as providing information for formal suitable prenatal counseling.
The Effects of Tensioning of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft on Healing after Soft Tissue Reconstruction
Authors: Ma Richard , Schaer Michael , Chen Tina , Nguyen Joseph , Voigt Clifford , Deng Xiang-Hua , Rodeo Scott A.
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the magnitude of static mechanical tension on the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft at the time of surgery on healing within the graft tunnels. Ninety male rats underwent unilateral ACL resection followed by reconstruction with a soft tissue tendon autograft. The ACL graft mechanical environment was modulated by different ACL graft pretension levels at the time of surgery (no pretension: 0N; moderate tension: 5N; over tension: 10N). External fixators were used to eliminate graft and joint motion during cage activity. Graft–tunnel healing was assessed at 3- and 6-week postoperatively, and articular joint surfaces were assessed at 9 weeks. Our results demonstrate that the ACL graft–tunnel healing was sensitive to different static graft pretension levels as demonstrated by different load-to-failure and stiffness properties among the different pretension levels. Pretensioning the graft to 5N (7–8% of the rat ACL ultimate load to failure) resulted in the best graft–tunnel healing as shown by higher graft–tunnel failure load and stiffness. Higher bone volume fraction was also seen in the 5N group relative to other pretension levels. Histological analysis of the graft–tunnel interface revealed differences in cellularity of the ACL graft between the 5N group and the other two groups. Furthermore, the highest graft pretension level (10N) resulted in loss of proteoglycan content among articular joint surfaces. In conclusion, we found that ACL graft–tunnel healing is sensitive to the magnitude of graft pretension at the time of surgery in a preclinical model of ACL reconstruction with joint immobilization. The combination of high-graft tension and immobilization is also deleterious for the articular surface. Further study is necessary to understand the interaction between the magnitude of graft tensioning and joint motion.
Case Report: Case of Coronary Stent Longitudinal Deformation
Authors: Yerra Suresh , Kishore Y Rama
Published: November 2019

The foreshortening of a stent also known as longitudinal stent deformation (LSD) is a potential complication of present generation drug-eluting stents (DES) that had thin struts design, and it was most commonly reported in the everolimus-eluting Promus Element stent. However, there are limited reports of migration and dislodgement of a DES shortly after its deployment. So, we describe a case of a DES foreshortening 1 and half months after its deployment. While performing complex interventions, careful handling and gentle manipulation of procedure-related devices and use of imaging modalities such as optical coherence tomography, intravascular ultrasound, and adjunctive balloons for complete lesion cover and optimal stent apposition may significantly reduce the occurrence of LSD and related complications.
Expert and public perceptions of gene-edited crops: attitude changes in relation to scientific knowledge
Authors: Kato-Nitta Naoko , Maeda Tadahiko , Inagaki Yusuke , Tachikawa Masashi
Published: November 2019

This study empirically examined expert and public attitudes toward applying gene editing to agricultural crops compared with attitudes toward other genetic modification and conventional breeding technologies. Regulations regarding the application of gene editing on food are being debated around the world. New policy measures often face issues of public acceptance and consensus formation; however, reliable quantitative evidence of public perception toward such emerging breeding technologies is scarce. To fill this gap, two web-based surveys were conducted in Japan from December 2016 to February 2017. Participants (N = 3197) were categorised into three groups based on the domain-specific scientific knowledge levels (molecular biology experts, experts in other fields, and lay public). Statistical analysis revealed group differences in risk, benefit, and value perceptions of different technologies. Molecular biology experts had higher benefit and value perceptions, as well as lower risk perceptions regarding new technologies (gene editing and genetic modification). Although the lay public tended to have more favourable attitudes toward gene editing than toward genetic modification, such differences were much smaller than the differences between conventional breeding and genetic modification. The experts in other fields showed some characteristics that are similar to the experts in molecular biology in value perceptions, while showing some characteristics that are similar to the lay public in risk perceptions. The further statistical analyses of lay attitudes revealed the influence of science literacy on attitudinal change toward crops grown with new breeding technologies in benefit perceptions but not in risk or value perceptions. Such results promoted understanding on distinguishing conditions where deficit model explanation types are valid and conditions where they are not.
Guns, identity, and nationhood
Authors: Jouet Mugambi
Published: November 2019

The article provides a theoretical perspective on the symbolic meaning of the right to bear arms in modern America, especially among its conservative movement. Neglecting this issue, scholarship on gun symbolism has commonly focused on guns possessed by offenders in inner-cities, such as juveniles or gang members. Offering a multidisciplinary and comparative outlook, the article explains how guns have become symbols of a worldview under which armed patriots must stand ready to defend America from “tyranny,” “big government,” “socialism,” and other existential threats. In particular, the U.S. conservative movement does not merely perceive the right to bear arms as a means of self-defense against criminals, but as a safeguard against an oppressive government that “patriots” may have to overthrow by force. The article examines the hypothesis that guns foster a sense of belonging in this conception of nationhood. This worldview is not solely limited to politicians, elites, or activists, as it can encompass rank-and-file conservatives. Group identification can rest on sharing radical beliefs that enhance cohesion, including rallying against perceived threats. This mindset helps explain resistance to elementary reforms to regulate firearms. If one believes that an unbridled right to bear arms is not only key to protecting the United States, but also key to what it means to be an American, concessions on gun control become difficult to envision. While conservatives in other Western democracies tend to support significant gun control, a key dimension of American exceptionalism is the relative normalization of a conservative identity in which firearms have acquired a peculiar symbolic value.
Rapid and sustained homeostatic control of presynaptic exocytosis at a central synapse
Authors: Delvendahl Igor , Kita Katarzyna , Müller Martin
Published: November 2019

Significance

Homeostatic mechanisms stabilize neural activity, and there are genetic links between homeostatic plasticity and neural disease. While homeostatic plasticity in the central nervous system (CNS) operates on relatively slow time scales of hours to days, activity-dependent forms of synaptic plasticity alter neural activity on much faster time scales. It is unclear if homeostatic plasticity stabilizes CNS synapses on rapid time scales. Here, we uncovered that cerebellar synapses stabilize transmission within minutes upon activity perturbation. This is achieved through homeostatic control of presynaptic exocytosis. We show that synergistic modulation of distinct presynaptic mechanisms not only maintains synaptic efficacy on rapid, but also on prolonged time scales. Homeostatic control of presynaptic exocytosis may be a general mechanism for stabilizing CNS function.
GLOW
Authors: Bennis Hans
Published: November 2019

During the first years of my carreer in linguistics, the yearly
GLOW-Colloquium was an important event and Dutch linguistics participated in
this conference quite substantially. It symbolized the prominent position of
theoretical, generative linguistics in the Netherlands in the last decades of
the 20th century. The rise of theoretical linguistics cooccurred with my own
carreer as a syntactician. In this contribution I compare my experiences of the
early days of GLOW with the present state of theoretical linguistics in the
Netherlands.
A filter for syntactically incomparable parallel
sentences
Authors: Kroon Martin , Barbiers Sjef , Odijk Jan , van der Pas Stéphanie
Published: November 2019

Massive automatic comparison of languages in parallel corpora
will greatly speed up and enhance comparative syntactic research. Automatically
extracting and mining syntactic differences from parallel corpora requires a
pre-processing step that filters out sentence pairs that cannot be compared
syntactically, for example because they involve “free” translations. In this
paper we explore four possible filters: the Damerau-Levenshtein distance between
POS-tags, the sentence-length ratio, the graph-edit distance between dependency
parses, and a combination of the three in a logistic regression model. Results
suggest that the dependency-parse filter is the most stable throughout language
pairs, while the combination filter achieves the best results.
Written feedback in heritage Spanish classrooms
Authors: Mikulski Ariana M. , Elola Idoia , Padial Ana , Berry Grant M.
Published: November 2019

Although feedback is a well-established and widespread technique in L1 and L2 writing, little is known about
written feedback practices in Spanish heritage language (SHL) classrooms. This study examines how written feedback is used in SHL
courses across the United States. Professors, instructors, graduate teaching assistants, program directors, and students who had
taught, directed, or taken an SHL course completed online questionnaires about instructional practices and their perceptions of
the feedback provided on writing assignments. Both instructors and students reported that written comments, correction codes,
circles/underlines, and correct forms were frequently provided. Instructors indicated the most challenges when providing feedback
on organization, grammar, and orthography. Nevertheless, students reported that every kind of feedback that they received was
useful and comprehensible. Although further exploration of writing in the SHL classroom is needed to more concretely delineate
best practices, the current findings suggest that several effective feedback practices are already in place.
Beating the repeaterless bound with adaptive measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution
Authors: Trényi Róbert , Azuma Koji , Curty Marcos
Published: November 2019

Surpassing the repeaterless bound is a crucial task on the way towards realizing long-distance quantum key distribution. In this paper, we focus on the protocol proposed by Azuma et al (2015 Nat. Commun.
6 10171), which can beat this bound with idealized devices. We investigate the robustness of this protocol against imperfections in realistic setups, particularly the multiple-photon pair components emitted by practical entanglement sources. In doing so, we derive necessary conditions on the photon-number statistics of the sources in order to beat the repeaterless bound. We show, for instance, that parametric down-conversion sources do not satisfy the required conditions and thus cannot be used to outperform this bound.
Optical phonon behavior and magnetism of columbite Zn0.8Co0.2Nb2O6*
Authors: Li Liang , Wang Xiaohan , Liu Ying , Li Fangfei , Zhou Qiang , Cui Tian
Published: November 2019

Columbite Zn0.8Co0.2Nb2O6 crystals were grown by optical floating zone methods. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to check the structure information of the grown Zn0.8Co0.2Nb2O6 crystal. The room temperature and temperature-dependent Raman spectra were tested to investigate the optical phonon behaviors of columbite Zn0.8Co0.2Nb2O6, which exhibited a temperature stable property. The magnetics properties of Zn0.8Co0.2Nb2O6, measured by a physical property measurement system (PPMS), were also presented in this work.
Research on the Quality Assurance Path of Academic Gradaute Education
Authors: Wu Zenghai , Yang Jin , Liu Chang , Yin Beijie
Published: November 2019

The study investigates the effect of tutor guidance, student maturity and university research environment on the quality assurance of the academic graduate education. A structural equation model was developed for an empirical test, based on teaching experience and Situational Leadership theory. A sample of 150 academic postgraduates in Shaanxi Province participated in the experiment. The results show: (1) All three factors are positively related to the quality of academic postgraduate education. (2) The guidance mode mostly affects the effect of the tutor guidance. (3) Among three elements of student maturity, the contribution of scientific attitude is the highest. (4) Compared with infrastructure, the institutional system and campus culture can more effectively represent the research environment of a university. In order to effectively guarantee the quality of academic graduate education, the three main bodies, universities, tutors and postgraduates, must have a joint effort.
Research on the Wireless Video Surveillance System Based on Linux
Authors: Liu Xiao-jun , Wen Hong-yuan , Zhou Xiang-zhen , Xu Di
Published: November 2019

With the new development of embedded technology, image compression and wireless transmission technology, wireless video surveillance system based on embedded system has become the tendency of development in the field of video surveillance. This paper combines the character of embedded system with wireless transmission technology, researches and designs a solution of wireless video surveillance system based on Linux. The embedded video surveillance system uses C/S framework. The server based on ARM11 and Linux is designed to process video image including capture, preview, compression and transmission. The PC as a client is built to receive, decode, display and setup the video.
Decolorization of synthetic textile dyes by laccase from newly isolated Trametes hirsuta EDN084 mediated by violuric acid
Authors: Yanto D H Y , Auliana N , Anita S H , Watanabe T
Published: November 2019

Decolorization of synthetic dyes by laccase produced from newly isolated Trametes hirsuta EDN084 under in-vitro condition was investigated in this study. Partial purification was conducted using ultrafiltration Amicon 10K at 5000 x g for 20 min. Laccase (0.1 U/mL) could decolorize 50% remazol brilliant blue R (RBBR), 47% reactive blue 4 (RBlue4), 51% acid blue 129 (AB129), 21% acid blue 25 (AB25), 40% acid blue 113 (AB113), 11% acid orange 7 (AO7), 2% reactive black 5 (RBlack5), 2% reactive red 120 (RR120), and 85% direct blue 71 (DBlue71) for 4 h. In order to improve the decolorization, the addition of violuric acid (VA), 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO), and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) were individually assayed. The result showed that decolorization was improved significantly (2 to 30-fold) after the addition of 1 mM VA. This study suggests that mediator VA is suitable for the enhanced decolorization of synthetic dyes by laccase from T. hirsuta EDN084.
Biological activity of local plant extracts from Toba Region as insecticide
Authors: Meisyara D , Krishanti N P R A , Zulfitri A , Lestari A S , Tarmadi D , Himmi S K , Amin Y , Zulfiana D , Fajar A , Yusuf S , Ismayati M
Published: November 2019

Toba, North Sumatera is famous not only for its tourism destination but also for biodiversity. The aim of this research is to explore the potency of the local plant from Toba as bioinsecticide. Six local plant samples, which consists of genus Compositae, Meliaceae, Staphyleaceae, and Actinidiaceae, were obtained from the Toba region,. The macerated extracts were tested their insecticidal activity against Coptotermes gestroi and Spodoptera litura. Bioassay results showed that leaves extract of Ingul (Toona sinensis) at a concentration of 10% (w/v) had the highest mortality effect against Coptotermes gestroi on the tenth day of observation. Whereas, leaves extracts of Pirdot (Saurauia bracteosa), Ingul (Toona sinensis), and Haurese (Azadirachta indica) at the concentration of 1% (w/v) showed the best insecticidal effect with 80% mortality percentage respectively against Spodoptera litura in 4 hours of observation.
Medicinal plant inventory using GIS and GPS in Garunggang Village, Kuala Sub-District, Langkat District, North Sumatra
Authors: Rahmawaty  , Amalia R , Rauf A , Batubara R
Published: November 2019

One of the villages around Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser which has long used the plant for medicine is Garunggang Village. This village is located in Kuala Sub-District, Langkat District, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. This study aimed to identify the medicinal plants (herbs) in the agroforestry which stands in Garunggang Village. This research was conducted from February to May 2018. The survey method was used by making fourteen plots in the field. A global positioning system (GPS) was used to record the coordinate points of medicinal plants, and a geographic information system (GIS) was used to analyze the distribution of the medicinal plants. The results showed that there were thirty-seven species with the total of 268 individuals plant found. Senduduk Bulu (Clidemia hirta) was the dominant plant found (sixty-one individual plants) followed by Lengkuas (Alpinia galangal) (twenty-seven individual plants) and Kuning Gajah (Maranta arundinacea) (sixteen individual plants). The information about medicinal plant species is essential. Therefore, it is necessary to develop information of medicinal plant so as to preserve the existing species of plants and to enrich the species of medicinal plants which are not found especially in Garunggang Village.
Dendeng of cured duck meat in curcumin extract with added STPP, reviewed from chemical quality
Authors: Dewi S H C , Wariyah C , Astuti N
Published: November 2019

The duck meat used in this study is duck meat obtained from unproductive female ducks having low tenderness and high-fat content. Curing with turmeric curcumin extract and adding STPP are ways to reduce fat and increase tenderness. Minced meat is one of the processed meat products traditionally made from ground meat plus palm sugar and other spices. Dendeng is popular in the community and is popular with young people as side dishes. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical quality of “Dendeng” duck meat curing in the curcumin extract and the addition of STPP. The design used was a completely randomized design with a factorial pattern of 3x2, factor A (Sodium Tripolyphosphate 0%, 0.1%, and 0.2%), and factor B (Curing duck meat with curcumin 0.3 and 0.4%). The Variables observed were water content, fat content, and WHC. The data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), if there were significant differences between treatments then proceed with a real difference test of Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that there was an effect of adding Sodium Tripolyphosphate to WHC “Dendeng” duck meat. While the fat and water content are not affected by the addition of Sodium Tripolyphosphat, curcumin extract, and its interactions. It can be concluded that the curing with turmeric curcumin extract can be used up to 0.4% and the addition of 0.2% Sodium Tripolyphosphate is the best in terms of chemical quality.