bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Fall Pear Variety Candidates Obtained by Hybridization in Terms of Fire Blight Disease Resistance, Pomological and Commercial Values
Authors: MERTOĞLU Kerem , EVRENOSOĞLU Yasemin , YEŞİLBAŞ Mücahit Furkan , AKKURT Emre , ÖLMEZ Ahmet Kürşat
Published: April 2020

Objective: In this research, evaluations of F1 fall pear hybrids, that obtained from different cross combinations, were made to contribute to our country’s agriculture and gene pool.Material and Methods: 11 hybrids investigated in this research were obtained from the cross combinations that ‘Magness’, ‘Kiefer’, ‘Williams’ and ‘Santa Maria’ cultivars were maternal and, ‘Güz’, ‘Santa Maria’ and ‘Kiefer’ cultivars were used as pollinator parents. Susceptibilities of those hybrids to fire blight disease, pomological and biochemical characteristics were determinated. Besides, sensory parameters were added to the data attained by the measurements, and promising hybrids were detected through the modified weighted ranking method.Results: Fruit width, fruit length, shape index, fruit weight, fruit firmness, soluble solid content, pH, titratable acidity, vitamin C and antioxidant activity characteristics were varied between 53.22 - 84.25 mm, 52.91 - 105.01 mm, 0.95 - 1.62, 86.51 - 317.70 g, 3.32 - 8.41 kg/cm2, %8.77 - 16.53, 3.52 - 4.73, %0.14 - 0.59, 0.53 - 3.17 mg.L-1 and %26.43 - %75.09, respectively. Eight hybrids were evaluated as promising fall cultivars through the modified weighted ranking method.Conclusions: Due to the lack of a definite solution against fire blight, the chemicals used are harmful to human health and organic cultivation is becoming more widespread, the pears with high fruit quality parameters and disease resistant hybrids will come to the fore in the near future, it is thought that the hybrids (2-12-43, 2-15-93, 2-12-47, 1-17-20, 3-36-87, 2-33-32, 2-15-33 and 1-16-130) transferred to the forward observation plot will contribute to pear cultivation by registering in the following period.
Identification and Heme Polymerization Inhibition Activity (HPIA) Assay of Ethanolic Extract and Fraction of Temu Mangga (Curcuma mangga Val.) Rhizome
Authors: Fitriastuti Dhina , Shabur Julianto Tatang , Wahyu Nur Iman Annisa
Published: April 2020

Curcuma mangga Val. is one of Indonesian herbs from Zingiberaceae family that is under explored and could contain potentially active substances to serve as an antimalarial. This research intends not only to examine the antimalarial activity by means of heme polymerization inhibitor mechanism by using the ethanolic extract and fraction of Curcuma mangga Val. but also to identify its compound classification. The extract of temu manga was obtained by Soxhlet extraction method using ethanol solvent followed by fractionation using Vacuum Liquid Chromatography with solvent sequence n-hexane, n-hexane: ethyl acetate (2:1), ethyl acetate and ethanol. The extract and fraction were analyzed by using LC-MS and GC-MS. Activities of hem polymerization inhibition showed by IC50 values which were obtained from analysis of relationship between concentration sample and the percentage of inhibition using the PROBIT on statistical software. The result of HPIA assay shows that the IC50 value of ethanolic extract and ethanolic fraction of Curcuma mangga Val. rhizome are 2.273 and 1.479 mg/mL, respectively. It clearly shows that the heme polymerization inhibition activity of ethanolic fraction relatively better than that of ethanolic extract. Phytochemical screening determines the ethanolic extract contains saponin, terpenoid, and phenol while the ethanolic fraction contains terpenoid. Thus, terpenoid compound is presumed to be the inhibitor of heme polymerization. The results of analysis with LC-MS and GC-MS showed that the active compounds suspected to inhibit heme polymerization in ethanolic extract and fraction were (E) -labda-8 (17), 12-dien-15,16-dial and di-n-octyl phthalate, respectively. Keywords: antimalarial, Curcuma mangga Val., heme polymerization
A Comparison between Nonparametric Approach: Smoothing Spline and B-Spline to Analyze The Total of Train Passangers in Sumatra Island
Authors: Purnama Drajat Indra
Published: April 2020

he train is one of the means of land transportation of the most desirable communities other than ground transportation such as bus or car. This is because the rail has an advantage that is free from congestion. Increasing mobility of people, means of transportation that is free from congestion increasingly in demand. In Indonesia, the only railway in Java and Sumatra. Either in Java or Sumatra Island train passenger numbers have increased every year. Based on data from BPS-Statistics, the number of train passengers in Sumatra during the last five years has increased an average of 14.8 percent per year.  Noparametric regression model that can be used to describe the pattern of data on the number of train passengers in Sumatra Island is smoothing spline regression and B-spline regression. The purpose of this study is to find the most nonparametric regression model to describe the pattern of the relationship between the time and number of train passengers on Sumatra Island. Smoothing spline and B-spline models were compared by looking at the regression curve and the value of Mean Square Error (MSE). The results of this study indicate that smoothing spline model is more appropriate to see the pattern of the relationship between the time and number of train passengers in Sumatra Island. This can be seen from the MSE of smoothing spline models 2,742.801 smaller than the MSE of B-spline models 3,847.657.
CSI NGS Portal: An Online Platform for Automated NGS Data Analysis and Sharing
Authors: An Ömer , Tan Kar-Tong , Li Ying , Li Jia , Wu Chan-Shuo , Zhang Bin , Chen Leilei , Yang Henry
Published: April 2020

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been a widely-used technology in biomedical research for understanding the role of molecular genetics of cells in health and disease. A variety of computational tools have been developed to analyse the vastly growing NGS data, which often require bioinformatics skills, tedious work and significant amount of time. To facilitate data processing steps minding the gap between biologists and bioinformaticians, we developed CSI NGS Portal, an online platform which gathers established bioinformatics pipelines to provide fully automated NGS data analysis and sharing in a user-friendly website. The portal currently provides 16 standard pipelines for analysing data from DNA, RNA, smallRNA, ChIP, RIP, 4C, SHAPE, circRNA, eCLIP, Bisulfite and scRNA sequencing, and is flexible to expand with new pipelines. The users can upload raw data in fastq format and submit jobs in a few clicks, and the results will be self-accessible via the portal to view/download/share in real-time. The output can be readily used as the final report or as input for other tools depending on the pipeline. Overall, CSI NGS Portal helps researchers rapidly analyse their NGS data and share results with colleagues without the aid of a bioinformatician. The portal is freely available at: https://csibioinfo.nus.edu.sg/csingsportal
Intra-Cystic (In Situ) Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma: A Clinico-Pathological Study of 14 Cases
Authors: Capodiferro Saverio , Ingravallo Giuseppe , Limongelli Luisa , Mastropasqua Mauro Giuseppe , Tempesta Angela , Favia Gianfranco , Maiorano Eugenio
Published: April 2020

Aims: To report on the clinico-pathological features of a series of 12 intra-oral mucoepidermoid carcinomas showing exclusive intra-cystic growth. Methods and methods: All mucoepidermoid carcinomas diagnosed in the period 1990-2012 were retrieved, the original histological preparations were reviewed to confirm the diagnosis, and from selected cases, showing exclusive intra-cystic neoplastic component, additional sections were cut at 3 subsequent 200m intervals and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin, PAS and Alcian Blue, to possibly identify tumor invasion of the adjacent tissues, which could have been overlooked in the original histological preparations. Also, pertinent findings collected from the clinical charts and follow-up data were analyzed. Results: We identified 14 intraoral mucoepidermoid carcinomas treated by conservative surgery and with a minimum follow up of 5 years. The neosplasm were located in the hard palate (9 cases), the soft palate (2), the cheeck (2) and the retromolar trigone (1). In all instances histological examination was revealed the presence of a single cystic space, containing clusters of columnar, intermediate, epidermoid, clear and mucous-producing cells, the latter exhibiting distinct intra-cytoplasmic mucin production, as confirmed by PAS and Alcian Blue stains. The cysts were entirely circumscribed by fibrous connective tissue and no solid areas or infiltrating tumour clusters were detected. Conservative surgical resection was performed in all cases and no recurrences or nodal metastases were observed during the follow up period. Conclusions: Mucoepidermoid carcinomas showing prominent (>20%) intra-cystic proliferation currently are considered low-grade tumours. In addition, we also unveil the possibility that mucoepidermoid carcinomas, at least in their early growth phase, may display an exclusive intra-cystic fashion and might be considered as in situ carcinomas, unable to infiltrate adjacent tissues or metastasize.
Meta-Analysis of Fiber Impact on Mechanical Properties of Ultra-High Performance Concrete
Authors: Al-Zwainy Faiq M. , Risan Hussam k. , Zaki Rana I. K.
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis that shows the influence of fiber on ultimate compressive strength and tensile strength of ultra-high performance concrete. The internet scholarly search engines and ScienceDirect article references were used to illustrate the papers concerning the experimental investigations of mechanical properties of ultra-high strength concrete with and without fiber with clearly, completely and comparative raw data. The normal concrete test results were dismissed from this search. Seven trials were identified based on the adopted inclusion and exclusion criteria above. The meta-analysis based on standardized mean difference was carried out on the basis of a fixed-effects model for the major outcomes of the ultimate compressive and tensile properties of ultra-high performance concrete. A total of 888 test specimens were enrolled in these seven trials. The combined analysis yielded a sign of a significant improvement in ultimate compressive strength and tensile strength of ultra-high strength concrete with fiber addition of 2% by concrete volume. The summary effect size of ultimate compressive strength was 2.34 while a more improvement in term of tensile strength with effect size of 2.64. By addition fiber of 2% provides a significant benefit in mechanical properties of ultra-high performance concrete.
Retrieval of Non-Optically Active Parameters for Small Scale Urban Waterbodies by a Machine Learning-Based Strategy
Authors: Huang Jinhui Jeanne , Guo Hongwei , Chen Bowen , Guo Xiaolong , Singh Vijay P.
Published: April 2020

Water quality retrieval for small urban waterbodies by remote sensing get used to be difficult due to coarse spatial resolution of the remote sensing imagery. The recently launched Sentinel-2 produces imagery with a spatial resolution of 10 m. It provides an opportunity to solve the problem of retrieving water quality for small waterbodies. Additionally, many water management issues also require fine resolution of imagery, e.g. illegal discharge to an urban waterbody. Since illegal discharges are an important issue for urban water management, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorous (TP), and total nitrogen (TN) were chosen as the target parameters for water quality retrieval in this study. COD, TP and TN, however, are non-optically active parameters. There were limited studies in the past to retrieve these parameters in comparison with optically active parameters, e.g. Chlorophyll-A etc. This study compared three machine learning models, namely Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Neural Networks (NN), to investigate the opportunity to retrieve the above non-optically active parameters. Results showed that R2 of TP, TN, and COD by NN, RF and SVR were 0.94, 0.88, and 0.86, respectively. The performances of water quality retrieval for these non-optically active parameters were significantly improved by the optimized machine learning models. These models hence solved the problem to use remote sensing data to retrieve these non-optically active water quality parameters and provided a new monitoring strategy for small waterbodies. Water quality mapping obtained by Sentinel-2 imagery provided a full spatial coverage of the water quality characterization for the entire water surface. Compared with water samples collecting and testing, it greatly reduced labor cost, reagents cost, and waste treatment cost. It also may help identify illegal discharges to urban waterbodies. The method developed in this research provides a new practical and efficient water quality monitoring strategy in managing water with consideration of environmental sustainability.
Using Negative Pressure Wound Therapy in the Treatment of Wounds After Fasciotomy in Acute Compartment Syndrome - Retrospective Case Series Study
Authors: Miszczuk Jaroslaw P. , Błońska-Staniec Maria , Michalska Anna , Stemplewski Bartosz
Published: April 2020

Background and Objectives: Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) is an emergency condition of the lower limb in which prophylactic fasciotomy is required to prevent complications. A negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) used to the treatment of fasciotomy wounds provide beneficial clinical results. This study aimed to exchange the authors’ experience of using the NPWT installation system on the lower limb wounds after fasciotomy in ACS. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study enrolled consecutive patients with ACS, who underwent fasciotomy and was treated with the NPWT installation system at Department of Vascular Surgery, Provincial Hospital in Kielce from April 2016 to July 2017. Results: The study enrolled 15 patients with a diagnosis of ACS (87% men, mean age 65 years old). An open four-compartment fasciotomy (87%) or two-compartment fasciotomy (13%) was performed. The NPWT was applied on the first day after fasciotomy in 87% of patients. Therapy was initiated by the negative pressure of 125 mm Hg, which maintained at this level until the therapy was finalized. In 80% of patients, the vacuum-assisted wound closure (VAC) dressing changes were performed every 3 days. The first approximation of fasciotomy wounds margins occurred on the 4th day after surgery among 67% of individuals. The average time of using VAC on fasciotomy wounds was 9 days. The average time to definitive closure edges of fasciotomy wounds was 12 days. The average time of hospital stay was 17 days. Conclusions: Our experience indicates the legitimacy of using NPWT in wound treatment after fasciotomy in ACS. The NPWT enables faster primary closure of wounds, reduces edema, as well as decreases hospitalization time.
The Making of Transgenic Drosophila guttifera
Authors: Shittu Mujeeb , Steenwinkel Tessa , Koshikawa Shigeyuki , Werner Thomas
Published: April 2020

The complex color patterns on the wings and body of Drosophila guttifera (D. guttifera) are emerging as model systems for studying evolutionary and developmental processes. Studies regarding these processes depend on overexpression and down-regulation of developmental genes, which ultimately rely upon an effective transgenic system. Methods describing transgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster (D. melanogaster) have been extensively reported in several studies. However, these methods cannot be directly applied to D. guttifera due to the low egg production rate and very delicate embryos’ pre-injection treatment requirements. In this protocol, we describe extensively a comprehensive method used for generating transgenic D. guttifera. Using the protocol described here, we are able to establish transgenic lines, identifiable by the expression of Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP) in the eye disks of D. guttifera larvae. The entire procedure, from injection to screening for transgenic larvae, can be completed in approximately 30 days and should be relatively easy to adapt to other non-model Drosophila species, for which no white-eyed mutants exist.
Cardiovascular Vulnerability to COVID-19 in Cancer Survivors
Authors: Zordoky Beshay
Published: April 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. COVID-19 is caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-Cov-2). Although primarily a respiratory disease, cardiovascular complications of COVID-19 have been increasingly recognized. In addition, higher fatality has been reported in COVID-19 patients with underlying cardiovascular diseases. Cancer survivors have a considerably increased risk for premature cardiovascular diseases, mainly due to cardiotoxic cancer treatments. Therefore, it is foreseeable that cancer survivors will be more vulnerable to cardiovascular complications caused by COVID-19. In this review, three scenarios for increased cardiovascular complications of COVID-19 in cancer patients are proposed. In the first scenario, cardiotoxic cancer treatment and COVID-19 synergize to exacerbate direct myocardial damage. In the second scenario, cardiotoxic cancer treatment leads to a reduced cardiac reserve in cancer survivors, making them more vulnerable to COVID-19 in a “two-hit” model. The third scenario suggests that several shared risk factors may aggravate cardiovascular complications caused by both cancer treatment and COVID-19. Taken together, cancer survivors may be more vulnerable to cardiovascular complications when challenged by the COVID-19, and special cardiovascular care should be given to these patients.
The study of sperm head vacuoles using deep learning algorithm and its correlation with protamine mRNA ratio
Authors: Ghasemian Fatemeh , Bahadori Mohammad Hadi , Kolkooh Seyedeh Zahra Hosseini , Esmaeili Maryam
Published: April 2020

The authors have requested that this preprint be withdrawn due to author disagreement.
Survey of Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Suspected and Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 During Hospitalization and Isolation
Authors: Mai Meifang , Juan Wang  , Xia Dongliang , Xinming Guo  , Fei Li  , Chen Yilan , Xiaohua Gong  , Li Zhonghe , Zhang Huitao
Published: April 2020

Objective: To observe the anxiety and depression experienced by patients with suspected and confirmed COVID-19 during hospitalization and isolation.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was performed with 66 patients with suspected and confirmed COVID-19 who were admitted to the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from February 9, 2020, to February 22, 2020. The data collected including sex, age, education level, and nucleic acid test results. Anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders were evaluated using the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scale (PSQI), respectively. Statistical analysis: SPSS 23.0 software was used for data processing, and multifactor logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent risk factors. Spearman correlation analysis was used to study the correlations among the observed indicators; P <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The incidences of anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders in the suspected case group were 18.2%, 18.2%, and 39.4%; the incidences of anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders in the diagnosed group were 42.4%, 57.6%, and 69.7%. The incidence of sleep disorders was higher than the domestic norm, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Logistic regression analysis adjusted for multiple factors showed that the main factor affecting anxiety was age; the main factors affecting depression were age and a positive nucleic acid test; and the main factor affecting sleep disorders was age. The anxiety, depression and sleep disorder scores were significantly positively correlated (P <0.05).Conclusion: Patients with suspected and confirmed COVID-19, especially people aged 50 years and over, have significant anxiety, depression and sleep disorders. Anxiety, depression and sleep disorders in patients with confirmed cases are more serious than those in patients with suspected cases. It is necessary to focus on the psychological state of such patients, actively conduct psychological counseling, and reduce their anxiety and depression.
Attitudes, perceptions, and smoking behavior of university faculty and staff following the introduction of a comprehensive tobacco-free policy: a repeated cross-sectional survey in Lebanon
Authors: Farran Dina , Nakkash Rima , Al-Hindi Mahmoud , Romani Maya , Asser Martin John Owen , Khairallah Mary , Chaaya Monique
Published: April 2020

Background A growing body of research have evaluated the effect of university tobacco-free policies on faculty and staff, however, none of these studies has been carried out in the Eastern Mediterranean region. This study evaluates changes in faculty and staff attitudes, perceptions and smoking behavior, one year post-adoption of a tobacco-free policy in a medium-sized university in Lebanon and the region. Methods Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted in 2017 and 2018: pre- and one year post-policy implementation. A random sample of 625 and 624 participants took part in the 2017 and 2018 studies respectively. Results Faculty and staff had a positive attitude towards the policy at the two time points. The belief that there should be exceptions to the policy significantly decreased from 79% to 59% (p=0.002) among all smokers, particularly those with lower educational attainment (81% to 57%, p=0.007). Perception of compliance among peer smokers increased from 73% to 87% (p= 0.009). The proportion of smokers did not significantly change one year post-policy implementation, however, 44% of smokers with lower educational attainment, compared to only 7% of those with higher educational attainment (p< 0.001), reported a decrease in their smoking behavior outside campus. Conclusion The policy had a positive effect on the attitude, behavior and perception of policy benefits among smokers with lower educational attainment, who constitute the majority of smokers. Studies tackling the effectiveness of university or workplace smoke-free policies are scarce in the Middle East. Findings from this study inform and support future efforts to develop university and workplace tobacco free policies.
Evaluation of the Ecological Effect of Biodegradable Waste Processing in a Comprehensive Municipal Waste Management System
Authors: GENEROWICZ Agnieszka
Published: April 2020

Recycling of biodegradable waste is one of the trends in the recovery of organic matter together with its use for reclamation, but most importantly the reduction of biodegradable waste and the reduction of waste for disposal. The paper presents the use of the decision analysis method in the selection of the most advantageous organic recycling solution in a large agglomeration. The proposed method uses the tool of life cycle analysis (LCA) and decisional analysis.
Ethical aspects of health and wellbeing of young elite athletes
Authors: Zurc Joca
Published: April 2020

Sport and physical activities offer a sensitive environment where the values of humanity, human rights, empathy and fair play come to the fore. However, at the same time the competition nature of sport and the interest of winning at any cost represent a risks of harm, especially for young preadolescent athletes. Therefore, the need arises to identify the main ethical conceptual and normative issues of the top youth sport. Our critical review of possible risk factors and empirical findings of semi structured in-depth interviews with four top-level gymnastics’ coaches showed that achievements of children in sport are the result of multiple factors driven by the main force of the ethics of maximum behind. Gymnasts’ intrinsic motivation, pleasure to sport, persistent hard work, start at early age, and the role of parents are essential for success. However, the morality of the coach as a reflection of society values should be carefully considered in the future.
Robert Simon and the morality of strategic fouling
Authors: Imbrišević Miroslav
Published: April 2020

Kako su sportovi postali profesionalniji, tako je pobjeđivanje postalo važnije. Naglasak na rezultatu, a ne na sportskoj vrlini i pobjeđivanju u stilu, vjerojatno objašnjava porast slučajeva strateških prekršaja. Iznenađujuće, među filozofima sporta postoje apologeti strateškog prekršaja. Rasprava o strateškom prekršaju u literaturi proizvela je tankoćutna razlikovanja (npr. Cesar Torres: konstitutivne protiv restorativnih vještina) i nevjerodostojna razlikovanja (npr. D’Agostino: ‘nedopušteno’, ali ‘prihvatljivo’ ponašanje). U ovom radu iznosim pregled obrane strateškog kršenja, autora Roberta Simona, te zaključujem da njegovo opravdanje nije uvjerljivo.
$1/8$-BPS couplings and exceptional automorphic functions
Authors: Bossard Guillaume , Kleinschmidt Axel , Pioline Boris
Published: April 2020

Unlike the \mathcal{R}^4ℛ4
and \nabla^4\mathcal{R}^4∇4ℛ4
couplings, whose coefficients are Langlands–Eisenstein series of the
U-duality group, the coefficient \mathcal{E}^{(d)}_{(0,1)}ℰ(0,1)(d)
of the \nabla^6\mathcal{R}^4∇6ℛ4
interaction in the low-energy effective action of type II strings
compactified on a torus T^dTd
belongs to a more general class of automorphic functions, which satisfy
Poisson rather than Laplace-type equations. In earlier work [1], it was
proposed that the exact coefficient is given by a two-loop integral in
exceptional field theory, with the full spectrum of mutually 1/2-BPS
states running in the loops, up to the addition of a particular
Langlands–Eisenstein series. Here we compute the weak coupling
and large radius expansions of these automorphic functions for any
dd.
We find perfect agreement with perturbative string theory up to genus
three, along with non-perturbative corrections which have the expected
form for 1/8-BPS instantons and bound states of 1/2-BPS instantons and
anti-instantons. The additional Langlands–Eisenstein series arises from
a subtle cancellation between the two-loop amplitude with 1/4-BPS states
running in the loops, and the three-loop amplitude with mutually 1/2-BPS
states in the loops. For d=4d=4,
the result is shown to coincide with an alternative proposal [2] in
terms of a covariantised genus-two string amplitude, due to interesting
identities between the Kawazumi–Zhang invariant of genus-two curves and
its tropical limit, and between double lattice sums for the particle and
string multiplets, which may be of independent mathematical
interest.
Resistance of Arabica coffee cultivars to leaf wounds and Pseudomonas syringae under field conditions
Authors: Fernandes Lucas Eduardo , Santos Willian Gabriel dos , Carducci Fernando Cesar , Fonseca Inês Cristina de Batista , Rodrigues Lucas Mateus Rivero , Beriam Luís Otávio Saggion , Pereira Carlos Theodoro Motta , Shigueoka Luciana Harumi , Sera Gustavo Hiroshi
Published: April 2020

The aims of this study were: (a) to evaluate the resistance of coffee cultivars to Pseudomonas syringae (PS); (b) verify if there are coffee genotypes that present less wounds on the leaves; (c) to study the correlation between amount of wounds and PS severity. The field trial was installed in April 2014 at the IAPAR’s experimental station (Londrina, Paraná, Brazil). 18 Arabica coffee cultivars were evaluated. The cultivars Mundo Novo IAC 376-4 and Catuaí Vermelho IAC 81 were the susceptible controls and IPR 102 was the resistant control. After 32 months of planting the field trial, resistance to PS was evaluated in December 2016. The evaluation of the PS severity was carried out under conditions of natural infections of P. syringae pv. garcae and P. syringae pv. tabaci based on the symptoms, using a grading scale from 1 to 5. The number of wounds on the leaves of the eight cultivars were counted. The results showed that IPR 102 was resistant to Pseudomonas syringae, whereas IPR 99, Arara, IPR 107, Acauã, Sabiá, Catucaiam 24137, Japy and Catuaí Vermelho IAC 81 were susceptible. Mundo Novo and Catucaí Amarelo 2SL were more susceptible than Catuaí Vermelho. IPR 106, Japiam, Catiguá MG 2, Catiguá MG 1 and IBC Palma 2 showed moderate resistance, while IPR 103 and Catucaiam 2015479 were moderately susceptible. The cultivars IPR 102 and IPR 106 presented resistance to wounding because they had lower wounds than other cultivars. Increased leaf wounds was associated with increased P. syringae severity.
Stratigraphy and age of Karoo basalts of Lesotho and implications for correlations within the Karoo igneous province. Ben McDhui Section
Authors: Marsh Julian S , Hooper Peter R , Rehacek Jakub , Duncan Robert A , R. Duncan Alexander
Published: April 2020

This chapter contains sections titled:

Introduction

Overview of the Karoo Province

Sampling and Analytical Techniques

Overview of Stratigraphic Variations

The Basis for Geochemical Subdivision

Correlation Between Palaeomagnetic and Geochemical Stratigraphy

Implications for Structure and Emplacement of the Lava Sequence

The Age of Karoo Volcanism

Correlations with Other Karoo Volcanic Successions

Conclusions

Appendix

RESEARCH DATA. Location of this
section is described in Marsh et al. (1997) AGU Geophysical Monograph, 100,
247-272.

Title of data set: Ben McDhui
Section. Altitudes measured by anaeroid altimeter.
Department of Zoology and Entomology
Authors: Villet Martin H , Ridden Megan A
Published: April 2020

Materials and research data sets produced as part of research undertaken at various departments at Rhodes University, including the Department of Zoology and Entomology.
Ajmalicine and its Analogues Against AChE and BuChE for the Management of Alzheimer’s Disease: An In-silico Study
Authors: Liu Shu , Dang Minyan , Lei Yan , Ahmad Syed S. , Khalid Mohammad , Kamal Mohammad A. , Chen Li
Published: April 2020

Background:

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most well-known reason for disability in persons aged
greater than 65 years worldwide. AD influences the part of the brain that controls cognitive and non-cognitive
functions.

Objective:

The study focuses on the screening of natural compounds for the inhibition of AChE and BuChE using
a computational methodology.

Methods:

We performed a docking-based virtual screening utilizing the 3D structure of AChE and BuChE to
search for potential inhibitors for AD. In this work, a screened inhibitor Ajmalicine similarity search was carried
out against a natural products database (Super Natural II). Lipinski rule of five was carried out and docking studies
were performed between ligands and enzyme using ‘Autodock4.2’.

Results:

wo phytochemical compounds SN00288228 and SN00226692 were predicted for the inhibition of
AChE and BuChE, respectively. The docking results revealed Ajmalicine, a prominent natural alkaloid, showing
promising inhibitory potential against AChE and BuChE with the binding energy of -9.02 and -8.89 kcal/mole,
respectively. However, SN00288228- AChE, and SN00226692-BuChE were found to have binding energy -9.88
and -9.54 kcal/mole, respectively. These selected phytochemical compounds showed better interactions in comparison
to Ajmalicine with the target molecule.

Conclusion:

The current study verifies that SN00288228 and SN00226692 are more capable inhibitors of human
AChE and BuChE as compared to Ajmalicine with reference to ΔG values.
Reduction Strategy for Electrical Loads Based on Demand Priority in Power System
Authors: Hassan Yasser F. , Tuaimah Firas M.
Published: April 2020

Background:

Most non-developing and under developing countries strive hard to tackle
the situation of power crisis and to combat the imbalance between the power generation and load
demand, especially in the case of increasing of the population. In this situation, the load shedding
scheme has been extremely implemented as a fast solution for unbalance conditions. Thus, load
shedding is crucial to investigate supply-demand balancing in order to protect the network from collapsing
and to sustain stability as possible; however its implementation is mostly undesirable.

Objective:

prioritize the loads according to their importance and apply reduction strategy in the demands
while the supplied power to the important loads such as health care and security installation
are kept intact without any interruption as possible.

Methods:

The conventional methods of load shedding lead to over or under shedding and this may
lead to many problems with the network. Under the scheme, these methods disconnect the load or
the entire feeder without considering their priorities and may not perform as anticipated. In this
work, we propose a logarithmic reduction method to reduce the load according to the priority and
day life criticality. The method for shedding the load base on Reduction Matrix and which in turn
depend on the priority demands.

Results:

The higher priority demands are fed with a reliable power source by the real time monitoring
of the network accompanied with power reducing for the lower priority demands.

Conclusion:

We test a real data sample provided by the Iraqi national grid control center in Baghdad.
Our simulation results prove effectiveness and practicality of the applied method paving the
way for possible applications in power systems.
О влиянии гетерограниц и толщины на кинетику кристаллизации пленок аморфного германия
Authors: Кривякин Г.К. , Володин В.А. , Камаев Г.Н. , Попов А.А.
Published: April 2020

The processes of crystallization of amorphous germanium films of various thicknesses and multilayer germanium/silicon nanostructures under isothermal annealing (T=440 oC) were studied. Samples were grown on glass substrates using the method of plasma-chemical deposition. The phase composition of the structures was determined from the analysis of Raman spectra. It was found that 200 nm thick germanium film almost completely crystallizes after two hours of annealing, while crystalline nuclei with a volume fraction of less than 1% only appear in a 6 mm thick germanium film. Four-hour annealing of a thin film leads to a noticeable increase in the nuclei size and the crystallinity fraction increases to 40%. Annealing of a-Ge (6nm) nanolayers embedded in a-Si matrix under the same conditions for 2 and 4 hours does not even lead to partial crystallization, the layers remain amorphous. The influence of interfaces on the crystallization of germanium layers is discussed.
Повышение эффективности фильтрации прорастающих дислокаций в темплейтах AlN/c-Al-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- с фасетированной морфологией поверхности во время их роста методом молекулярно-пучковой эпитаксии
Authors: Мясоедов А.В. , Нечаев Д.В. , Ратников В.В. , Калмыков А.Е. , Сорокин Л.М. , Жмерик В.Н.
Published: April 2020

The results of transmission electron microscopy study and X-ray diffraction analysis of AlN/c Al2O3 templates with GaN ultrathin insertions grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy are presented. It is shown that AlN buffer layers with faceted surface morphology provide a much higher threading dislocations density reduction then with smooth layers. The filtering action of ultrathin GaN insertions is confirmed.
Patterns of Mobile Phone Ownership and Use Among Pregnant Women in Southern Tanzania: Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Vasudevan Lavanya , Ostermann Jan , Moses Sara Marwerwe , Ngadaya Esther , Mfinanga Sayoki Godfrey
Published: April 2020

Background

There is a paucity of subnational data on patterns of mobile phone ownership and use in Tanzania to inform the development of digital health interventions.

Objective

The aim of this study is to assess patterns of mobile phone ownership and use in pregnant women to inform the feasibility and design of digital health interventions for promoting timely uptake of childhood vaccines in southern Tanzania.

Methods

Between August and November 2017, pregnant women in their third trimester were enrolled at health facilities and from surrounding communities, and asked about their patterns of mobile phone ownership and use in an interviewer administered survey.

Results

Of 406 women, only 3 had never used a phone. Most women (>98%) could make and receive phone calls. Compared to urban women, rural women reported higher mobile phone use rates but were less likely to be sole owners of phones, and less likely to send or receive SMS, transact money, browse the internet, or use social media via mobile phones.

Conclusions

The findings suggest high feasibility for digital health interventions delivered via mobile phones to pregnant women in southern Tanzania. The feasibility of smartphone-based interventions or strategies relying on the use of social media or the internet is limited.
Medical Emergency Resource Allocation Model in Large-Scale Emergencies Based on Artificial Intelligence: Algorithm Development (Preprint)
Authors: Du Lin
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

Before major emergencies occur, the government needs to prepare various emergency supplies in advance. To do this, it should consider the coordinated storage of different types of materials while ensuring that emergency materials are not missed or superfluous.

OBJECTIVE

This paper aims to improve the dispatch and transportation efficiency of emergency materials under a model in which the government makes full use of Internet of Things technology and artificial intelligence technology.

METHODS

The paper established a model for emergency material preparation and dispatch based on queueing theory and further established a workflow system for emergency material preparation, dispatch, and transportation based on a Petri net, resulting in a highly efficient emergency material preparation and dispatch simulation system framework.

RESULTS

A decision support platform was designed to integrate all the algorithms and principles proposed.

CONCLUSIONS

The resulting framework can effectively coordinate the workflow of emergency material preparation and dispatch, helping to shorten the total time of emergency material preparation, dispatch, and transportation.
The effects of Personal, Environmental, and Genetic Factors on Epidemic of COVID-19: A Review of the Current Literature (Preprint)
Authors: Kakaei 6th Hojatollah , Bakhtiyari Salar , Mirzaei Amin , Mazloomi Sajad , Jalilian Mohsen , Nourmoradi Heshmatollah
Published: April 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

COVID-19 is a viral disease that unfolded in the city of Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019. The global outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic has prompted the World Health Organization to declare a public health emergency. The concerns about the COVID-19 disease are the rapid increase in the number of patients as well as the number of deaths compared with SARS disease. Given that there is a remarkable variability amongst people for COVID-19, there really is the possibility that there will be genetic and environmental effects, it is a necessity that their role should be absolutely identified as soon as possible. Various studies have been executed on the effects of genetic and environmental factors such as temperature and humidity on the constancy of the COVID-19 virus. In this review, we aimed to discuss the benefits and effects of these factors on COVID-19 in detail.
How a Networked Approach to Building Capacity in Knowledge Mobilization Supports Research Impact
Authors: MacGregor Stephen , Phipps David
Published: April 2020

Research impact is emerging as a common feature in national research systems. Knowledge mobilization (KMb) includes efforts undertaken to aid and accelerate research impact pathways by directing focus to processes that support impact. To date, researchers and universities have struggled to increase their capacity in KMb. This study explores the perceptions held by 16 leaders of Research Impact Canada, representing 14 networked universities, about the usefulness and use of networked learning to build institutional capacity in KMb. The analysis of data, which was collected using a mixed-methods survey design, highlights two overarching themes: 1) the contextual variability in how institutions engage in KMb work, and how practice-based subgroups can support the diverse KMb needs of different institutions; and 2) how capacity is developed through networked learning is distributed among individuals and groups within institutions, and how networked institutions need to be self-referential to the ways knowledge about KMb is sourced, validated, shared, interpreted, and employed.
Pier scouring reduction using a Strip Guide Flow Panel device
Authors: Abdulhussein Ihsan A. , Qasim Rafi M. , Al-Asadi Khalid
Published: April 2020

A set of laboratory experiments were conducted to study the effect of using a Strip Guide Flow Panel device to reduce scour process effects around a bridge pier. Three cylindrical piers of different diameter values and three different Strip Guide Flow Panel devices were used. Every Strip Guide Flow Panel device is simulated by two arms connected together at one of their edges at a right angle. The length of every arm is selected in a way to cover the pier diameter. Every Strip Guide Flow Panel was mounted on the upstream face of the corresponding cylindrical pier diameter at elevation adjacent to the flume bed. A uniform sized sediment were used as a bed material. Based on the experimental data, an acceptable range of scour reduction efficiency (35.71-66.67%) and high hydraulic safety factors were obtained when using Strip Guide Flow Panel. Also it is found that the scour depth when using Strip Guide Flow Panel is small comparing with corresponding potential and maximum scour depth values. So it can be concluded that the Strip Guide Flow Panel device can work like a turbulence kinetic energy dissipater to reduce the risk of scour around the pier during the serviceability life of bridge structure.
Investigation of the Tribological and Mechanical Properties of Boron Steels in Terms of Potential Usage in Agricultural Applications
Authors: BOZKURT Fatih , ÇAKIR Fatih Hayati , ER Ümit
Published: April 2020

Boron steels are increasingly used material especially in industrial applications requiring high wear resistance. The main area of usage of this type of steel is tillage tools which are working in harsh conditions. In addition to the abrasive wear resistance, impact toughness is also required properties. In this study, the effect of cryogenic treatment on 30MnB5 boron steel used in agricultural mechanization is investigated in terms of the tribological and mechanical properties. Charpy impact test, the hardness and the abrasive wear tests are performed on untreated, heat treated and cryogenically treated of 30MnB5 steel. It is observed that the hardness of the specimen is slightly decreased but impact toughness is increased for the quenched and cryo treated specimen in comparison to conventionally heat-treated specimen.
Karakteristik dan Implikasi Sains Barat Modern Terhadap Lingkungan Hidup
Authors: Tanjung Akbar
Published: April 2020

Advances in science and technology have made many human activities easier. Such as convenience in transportation, communication, industry, and security. However, it cannot be denied that many negative impacts are also caused by science and technology, including the environment. The problem that originally wanted to be solved by science and technology turned out to be even more complicated. This study will examine how the characteristics and implications of modern Western science on the environment in a Theological review. This research uses the method of abstraction, holistica, and hermeneutical circles. characteristics of modern Western science are based on rationalists, empiricists, and anthropocentric. So that it has bad implications for the environment, the pattern of human interaction with the environment becomes destructive and exploitative of nature.
The Radical Islamic Movement in Indonesia: Roots and Factors
Authors: Ansori M. Afif
Published: April 2020

Radicalism has become one of the recent world problems faced by many countries, including Indonesia. The radical movement in this country is growing rapidly, especially after the reformation era. The spirit of democracy has provided opportunities for radical Islamic groups to express their beliefs openly and use religious symbols in their religious and social movements. This article aims to analyze the historical roots of radicalism in Indonesia and the factors that influence it. This article uses descriptive qualitative methods. The results of the study indicate that the radical movement in Indonesia can be traced from the tendency of groups trying to realize the Islamic State system (the khilafah) in Indonesia. This tendency can be found in several radical groups such as Darul Islam (DI/TII), Jama'ah Islamiyah, Hizb ut-Tahrir Indonesia (HTI), Laskar Jihad, Laskar Jundullah, Laskar Fisabilillah, Islamic Defender Fronts (FPI), and Preparatory Committee for the Application of Islamic Sharia (KPPSI). The study concludes that radicalism in Indonesia is the response of Muslims to the social, economic, and political conditions of Muslims in Indonesia.
Comparison of Four-Level Modification Triage with Five Level Emergency Severity Index (ESI) Triage Based on Level of Accuracy and Time Triase
Authors: Minggawati Zustantria Agustin , Faried Achmad , Priambodo Ayu Prawesti
Published: April 2020

The triage system currently recommended by the Association of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) and Emergency Nurses Association (ENA) is a five levels triage, Emergency Severity Index (ESI) due to more structured, concise, and clear. Cibabat Hospital used a relatively new triage of four modified levels of the Australian Triage Scale (ATS) which accuracy and time triage have not been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to compare the four level triage of modification of ATS and five levels of ESI triage based on accuracy and time triage. The researcher used a quantitative quasi-experimental design with samples of triage activities totaling 38 in the control group and 38 intervention groups, using accidental sampling techniques. Univariate analysis consisted of frequency distribution for nurse characteristics, time triage and accuracy, bivariate analysis used the Mann-Whitney test. The results showed there were no differences, triage modification of ATS with ESI triage in accuracy (p-0.488), and length of triage (p-0.488) ESI triage accuracy was in the expected triage category (76.3%), under triage (13.2%), and over triage (10.5%). Triage modified ATS, expected triage (73.7%), under triage (18.4%), and over triage (7.9%). ESI triage has more expected and less under triage than ATS modification triage. Under triage caused prolong waiting times, unexpected risks, increases morbidity and mortality. Based on the length of time, ESI triage averaged 167 seconds, triage modification of ATS an average of 183 seconds. ESI flowchrat is easier to understand because is simple, has slight indicators in each category. Conclusion of this study is there is no significant difference in the level of accuracy and duration of triage. However, based on data distribution, ESI triage gives more expected triage decisions, less under triage and 16 seconds faster. Suggestions given to the Cibabat Hospital, can use ESI triage as an alternative triage assessment option because easy to use, structured, simple, and clear.
El cuerpo humano en la Estética de Hegel
Authors: D’Angelo Paolo
Published: April 2020

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