bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis SARS-CoV-2 Genomes of G20 Areas on Phylogeny Tree, t-SNE based on Machine Learning
Authors: Liu Renyang , Qiao Mu , Alima  , Zheng Jeffrey , Zhou Wei
Published: September 2020

The new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) broke out earlier in Wuhan, and the plague spread rapidly from multiple resources of different countries. COVID-19 has caused millions of diagnosed people worldwide, causing many deaths and posing a severe threat to public health in countries around the world. Facing this urgent situation, in-depth research on the emerging SARS-CoV-2 to understand the related pathogenic mechanism and epidemiological characteristics is urgent. This type of activity would be useful to determine its origin to formulate effective prevention and treatment strategies for affected patients.This paper adopts t-SNE based on machine learning to draw a phylogenetic tree from collected genomic sequences to analyze G20 countries’ samples. The phylogenetic tree of the generating mechanism was described, and intermediate results were illustrated. The results of this research showed that viruses in many countries have similar or similar relationships among the gene sequences.
Exploratory study of how cognitive multisensory rehabilitation restores parietal operculum connectivity and improves upper limb movements in chronic stroke 
Authors: Winckel Ann Van de , Patre Daniele De , Rigoni Marco , Fiecas Marc , Hendrickson Timothy J , Larson Mia , Jagadeesan Bharathi D , Mueller Byron A , Elvendahl Wendy , Streib Christopher , Ikramuddin Farha , Lim Kelvin O
Published: September 2020

Cognitive multisensory rehabilitation (CMR) is a promising therapy for upper limb recovery in stroke, but the brain mechanisms are unknown. We previously demonstrated that the parietal operculum (parts OP1/OP4) is activated with CMR exercises. In this exploratory study, we assessed the baseline difference between OP1/OP4 functional connectivity (FC) in the brain at rest in stroke versus healthy adults to then explore whether CMR affects OP1/OP4 connectivity and motor recovery after stroke.We recruited 8 adults with chronic stroke and left hemiplegia/paresis and 22 healthy adults. Resting-state FC with the OP1/OP4 region-of-interest in the affected hemisphere was analysed before and after 6 weeks of CMR. We evaluated sensorimotor function and activities of daily life pre- and post-CMR, and at 1-year post-CMR.We found decreased FC between the right OP1/OP4 and 34 areas distributed across all lobes in stroke versus healthy adults. After CMR, only four areas had decreased FC compared to healthy adults. Participants improved on motor function (MESUPES, p=0.03; Fugl-Meyer, p=0.006), with those improvements maintained at 1-year follow-up. Stereognosis and Frenchay test (both p=0.03) improved from pre-CMR to 1-year follow-up, suggesting enhancing sensorimotor recovery post-stroke by CMR. Our results from this exploratory study justify larger-scale studies.
Stresses of feller buncher on thinnings during technological moves
Authors: Александров В.А. , Александров А.В. , Гасымов Г.Ш.
Published: September 2020

Разработана математическая модель динамической системы: «Валочно- пакетирующая машина – предмет труда – дерево». Математическое описание составлено в форме уравнения Лагранжа 2-го рода. Система уравнений решена методом Рунге–Кутта, с помощью среды программирования MathCAD. Апробация модели осуществлена на примере серийно выпускаемых валочно-пакетирующих машин ЛП – 19А в режимах разгона и стопорения. Установлено, что динамическая нагрузка на технологическое оборудование при технологических переездах сопоставима с нагрузкой при обработке (пакетировании) дерева.

A mathematical model of a dynamic system has been developed: «The feller buncher – subject of labor – the tree». The mathematical description is made up in the form of the Lagrange equation of the 2nd kind. The system of equations is solved by the Runge–Kutta method, using the MathCAD programming environment. Approbation of the model is carried out on the example of the commercially available LP-19A feller buncher machines in acceleration and stopping modes. Concluded that the dynamic load on the process equipment during technological moves is comparable to the load during the processing (packaging) of the tree.
Some conditions for convergence of the method of iterations for solving a nonlinear equation
Authors: Федоренко Н.И.
Published: September 2020

Одной из трудностей, возникающих в связи с использованием ветвящихся процессов для решения нелинейных уравнений является выполнение так называемых мажорантных условий, ответственных за существование и конечность математического ожидания оценок, построенных на траекториях ветвящегося процесса. Вопрос выполнения мажорантного условия тесно связан со сходимостью итерационного метода. В статье рассматриваются некоторые утверждения о сходимости метода итераций для решения нелинейного уравнения одного вида. На примере устанавливается меньшая ограничительность мажорантного условия, соответствующего полученным утверждениям.

One of the difficulties arising in connection with the use of branching processes for solving nonlinear equations is the fulfillment of the so-called majorant conditions responsible for the existence and finiteness of the mathematical expectation of estimates built on the trajectories of the branching process. The question of the fulfillment of the majorant condition related to the convergence of the iterative method. The article discusses some of the statements about the convergence of the iteration method for solving a nonlinear equation of the definite type. A less restrictive majorant condition is established on the example.
Water-physical properties of the soil of the Palace park in Gatchina
Authors: Полякова А.Ю.
Published: September 2020

В статье рассматриваются физические и воднофизические показатели почв Дворцового парка. Исследованы семь участков парка, из которых четыре являются островами. Показано влияние насыпных и намывных почв на исследуемые воднофизические свойства. Определена плотность почвенных горизонтов, их влажность. Для интерпретации воднофизических показателей был произведен расчет средневзвешенной влажности. Для сравнения участков по степени увлажнения были посчитаны запасы воды в верхнем слое почвы толщиной 30 и 50 см. Определена вероятность затопления корнеобитаемых горизонтов почвы. Рассматривается связь показателей (плотность, уровень грунтовых вод) с вмешательством человека в парковую среду. Предлагается улучшение водного режима почв методом подсыпки плодородного грунта на острова и в пониженные участки парка, планирование реставрации с элементами реконструкции.

The article deals with the physical and waterphysical indicators of the soils of the Palace Park. Seven sites of the park, four of which are islands, were explored. The influence of bulk and alluvial soils on the studied waterphysical properties is shown. The density and the humidity of soil horizons has been determined. To interpret the waterphysical parameters, the weighted average humidity was calculated. For the comparing of the plots according to the degree of moisture the water reserves in the top soil layer with a thickness of 30 cm and 50 cm were calculated. The probability of flooding of rootoccupied soil horizons was determined. The relationship of indicators (density, groundwater level) with human intervention in the park environment is considered. It is proposed to improve the water regime of the soil by adding fertile soil to the islands and to lower areas of the park, also the planning of the restoration with elements of reconstruction is offered.
Features of structure of radical darkconiferous forest stands of Vishera Nature Reserve
Authors: Алесенков Ю.М. , Ермакова М.В.
Published: September 2020

On the basis of the standard techniques the pedigree structure of forest stands and distribution of trees on diameter of climax darkconiferous stands of the Vishera national Nature Reserve located in the northeast of Perm District (Northern Urals) is studied and analysed. It is established that the wood layer of the explored climax darkconiferous forests of Northern Urals has multispecies structure. At domination of a spruce fir and the fir (up to 5 units) and, substantially a birch and, also participates, the cedar. In type of the wood Firspruce fernytallgrass as the as a part of a forest stand there is a rowan. Both lowproductive, and highly productive forest stands are formed. In a structure of forest stands of the darkconiferos woods of Vishera Nature Reserve the considerable variation of trees on diameter caused both by forest vegetation conditions of plantings, and influence of negative natural factors the periodic local fires and a windfall is revealed. Distribution of trees on diameter in forest stands, except for postwindfall, is well approximated by the equations of the 2nd order. Distribution of trees on diameter in postwindfall darkconiferous community is best of all described by the equation of the 4th order. The considerable righthand asymmetry of distribution of trees on diameter for all studied forest stands, and, in particular, the affected local fires or a windfall is noted. Such distribution of trees on diameter classes of a trunk reflects processes of natural renewal and development of forest stands, long on time. The revealed features of distribution of trees on pedigree structure and of diameter classes in the studied radical forest stands demonstrate that even in the conditions of influence of negative natural factors processes of natural renewal in general, provide maintenance of multispecies structure of radical plantings. However, impact of the periodic local fires negatively affects renewal of a cedar.
Optimization location of forest fire stations
Authors: Тюрин Н.А. , Громская Л.Я. , Антонова Т.С. , Зубова О.В. , Силецкий В.В.
Published: September 2020

В статье рассматривается вопрос размещения лесных пожарнохимических станций с целью минимизации времени прибытия к месту тушения лесных пожаров. Предложена математическая модель и методика рационального территориального местоположения пожарнохимических станций, которая позволяет найти такие координаты местоположения пожарнохимической станции, которые обеспечивают минимум расстояний от станции до объектов охраны и соблюдение нормативов времени доставки сил и средств пожаротушения до участков леса, соответствующих классам их природной пожарной опасности с учетом транспортной инфраструктуры. Задача оптимизации решена методом нелинейного программирования в надстройке MS Excel Поиск решения на примере учебноопытного лесничества Ленинградской области. Предложенная методика может быть рекомендована для проектирования регионального противопожарного обустройства лесов и проектирования лесной инфраструктуры, в том числе лесных дорог противопожарного назначения.

The article deals with the placement of forest firechemical stations in order to minimize the time of arrival at the place of extinguishing forest fires. A mathematical model and method of rational territorial location of firechemical stations, which allows you to find such coordinates of the firechemical station location, which provide a minimum amount of distances from the station to the objects of protection and compliance with the standards of the delivery time of forces and firefighting equipment to the forest areas corresponding to the classes of their natural fire danger, taking into account the transport infrastructure. The optimization problem is solved by the method of nonlinear programming in the addin MS Excel Solver on the example of the experimental forestry in Leningrad region. The method can be recommended for the design of regional firefighting arrangement of forests, for the forest infrastructure design, including forest fire roads.
Phyllophagous arthropods of lime trees in the Summer Garden after its restoration
Authors: Жукова Е.А.
Published: September 2020

Липы (р. Tilia) в Летнем саду составляют 95,4 от общего количества деревьев. С 2012 г. проводится мониторинг состояния древеснокустарниковой растительности сада и лип в частности. На липах отмечено 29 видов филлофагов, но значимые повреждения наносят только 9 видов, а степень их повреждения зависит от погодных условий. Так, в некоторые годы отмечалось массовое размножение Eriophyes leiosoma Nalepa (преимущественно на молодых деревьях), Operophtera brumata L., Erannis defoliaria Clerck, Cosmia trapezina L., Caliroa annulipes Klug, Eucallipterus tiliae Schrank, а в другие заметное снижение их численности. Отмечено, что на старовозрастных экземплярах преобладают повреждения Schizotetranychus telarius L. и Phyllonorycter issikii Kumata. Тем не менее, на молодых экземплярах лип, высаженных в шпалеры и берсо, несмотря на высокую встречаемость благодаря мероприятиям по уходу степень повреждения насекомыми с 2014 г. снизилась и не превышает 10, а в некоторые годы отмечены лишь единичные повреждения. Массовое размножение Bucculatrix thoracella Thunberg на высаженных липах в шпалерах и берсо, отмечаемое с 2011 г., снизилось к 2014 г. до единичных находок и в последующие года не превышало 10. Встречаемость остальных видов составила преимущественно 5 10, а повреждения, наносимые ими, как правило, единичны.

Lime trees (genus Tilia) make 95.4 of the trees in the Summer Garden, SaintPetersburg. The monitoring of the state of trees and shrubs in the garden with lime trees in particular has been carried out since 2012. There are 29 species of phyllophages on lime trees, however only 9 species cause significant damage and the damage rate depends on the weather conditions. For instance, in some years, there was a mass reproduction of Eriophyes leiosoma Nalepa (mainly on young trees), Operophtera brumata L., Erannis defoliaria Clerck, Cosmia trapezina L., Caliroa annulipes Klug, and Eucallipterus tiliae Schrank, while in other years there was a noticeable decline in these species abundance. It is noted that in oldage lime trees damage is mostly caused by Schizotetranychus telarius L. and Phyllonorycter issikii Kumata. However, on young specimens planted in the trellises and berceaux, despite the high occurrence of the phyllophages, due to care measures the damage rate decreased since 2014 and have not exceeded 10. Moreover, in some years only isolated injuries were noted. The mass reproduction of Bucculatrix thoracella Thunberg on the planted lime trees in the trellises and berceaux, observed since 2011, decreased by 2014 to single occurences and did not exceed 10 in the following years. The occurrence of other species is mainly 5 10, and the damage caused by them is usually sporadic.
Optimal cutting and prediction of assortment yields before and during tree felling
Authors: Торопов А.С. , Соловьев А.Н.
Published: September 2020

В настоящей статье рассматривается новый подход к проблеме оптимального раскроя и прогнозирования выхода сортиментов до и в процессе валки деревьев. Авторы предлагают и теоретически обосновывают рациональный раскрой пиловочной части дерева по критерию максимального объемного выхода пиловочника в стоимостном выражении. В работе приведена математическая модель определения параметров половой части дерева на основе аллометрического метода исследований предмета труда и оптимального раскроя и прогнозирования выхода сортиментов до и в процессе валки деревьев с использованием метода исчерпывающего поиски и методы ветвей и границ.

In this article new approach to a problem of optimum cutting and forecasting of an exit of assortments to and in process rolls of trees is considered. Authors offer and theoretically prove rational cutting of a pilovochny part of a tree by criterion of the maximum volume exit of sawlog in value terms. In work the mathematical model of determination of parameters of a sexual part of a tree on the basis of anallometrichesky method of researches of an object of the labor and optimum cutting and forecasting of an exit of assortments to and is given in process rolls of trees with use of a method exhaustive search and methods of branches and borders.
New form of Lonicera nigra L. (Caprifoliaceae) is found in the environs of village Privetninskoe in Leningrad Region (Russia)
Authors: Бялт А.В. , Бялт В.В.
Published: September 2020

В статье даны название и описание новой для науки формы жимолости чёрной – Lonicera nigra L. f. purpurea A.V. Byalt & V.V. Byalt f. nova. (Caprifoliaceae), обнаруженной в окрестностях поселка Приветнинское Ленинградской области. Растение имеет характерные пурпурные листья. Приведена информация о месте произрастания, отличии новой формы от близких таксонов (составлен латинский диагноз), указаны типовые образцы (голотип и изотип) и место их хранения (Гербарий БИН РАН – LE). Декоративность новой формы позволяет рекомендовать её для озеленения в культуре в г. Санкт-Петербурге и других городах Северо-Запада Европейской части России, как и сам вид, хорошо адаптировавшийся в регионе. Статья иллюстрирована 3 фотографиями и картой.

In the article a new for science form of black honeysuckle – Lonicera nigra L. f. purpurea A.V. Byalt & V.V. Byalt f. nova (Caprifoliaceae) was found in the vicinity of the village Privetninskoye, Leningrad region, it differs by very characteristic purple leaves. Information is given on the place of growth, the difference between a new form from close taxa (Latin diagnosis is given) and the type specimens (holotype and isotype) and their storage sites are indicated. The decorativeness of the new form allows us to recommend it for gardening in culture in St. Petersburg and other cities of the North-West of the European part of Russia, as well as the species itself, which is well adapted in the region. The article is illustrated with 3 photos and a map.
Stresses in mechanism of travel system of the feller-buncher at technological crossings
Authors: Александров В.А. , Ржавцев А.А.
Published: September 2020

Разработана математическая модель динамической системы: «Валочно-пакетирующая машина – предмет труда – дерево». Математическое описание составлено в форме уравнения Лагранжа 2-го рода. Система уравнений решена методом Рунге – Кутта, с помощью среды программирования MathCAD. Апробация модели осуществлена на примере серийно выпускаемых валочно-пакетирующих машин ЛП – 19А в режимах разгона и стопорения.

In article the dynamic model of system is developed «the operator – skidding tractor – tree bunch». The mathematical description is worked out in the form of the equation of Lagrange second number. The system of the equations is solved concerning elastic deformation of the suspension seats. Model approbation is carried out on an example of serially felling and skidding machine LP-19A.
Identification and Characterization of DlGI Promoter Involved in Photoperiod, Light Intensity, Hormone, and DlELF4 Response from Longan
Authors: Waheed Saquib , Peng Yuan , Zeng Lihui
Published: September 2020

In fruit trees, flowering is a key event followed by fruit development and seed production. Gigentea (GI), a clock-associated gene, is known to contribute to photoperiodic flowering and circadian clock control in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, its functions in woody fruit trees remain unclear. In this study, a 2000 bp promoter fragment of the longan (Dimocarpous longan) DlGI gene was isolated from the genomic DNA of longan ‘Honghezi’ by polymerase chain reaction amplification. The DlGI promoter contained two main types of potential cis-acting elements: light-responsive and hormone-responsive elements. The promoter was fused with the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene of pBI121 to generate the pDlGI:GUS construct. GUS histochemical staining of transgenic A. thaliana revealed that DlGI might play a role in different developmental phases of longan. Exposure of transgenic A. thaliana to varying light intensities showed that the GUS activity increases with increased light intensity. Transient expression of pDlGI::GUS in Nicotiana benthamiana showed that the GUS activity was higher and reached peak a few hours earlier under short-day (SD) than long-day conditions. Exposure to different hormonal treatments revealed that the transcript level of GUS was activated by gibberellin (GA3) and indoleacetic acid (IAA) but suppressed by abscisic acid and methyl jasmonate treatment. In addition, N. benthamiana transient assay and dual-luciferase assay revealed that the presence of early flowering 4 (ELF4) homologs of longan (DlELF4-1 and DlELF4-2) significantly activated the DlGI promoter. The positive response of DlGI promoter to high light-intensity, SD photoperiod, GA3 and IAA signals, and DlELF4 transcription factor suggest that DlGI may function as a circadian clock and play a role in responding to SD conditions and other signals in flower initiation of longan.
DAMPAK PEMBEBASAN NARAPIDANA PADA LINGKUNGAN MASYARAKAT DI TENGAH WABAH VIRUS COVID-19
Authors: Khoirunnisa Nurul Aulia
Published: September 2020

Abstract : Every person in Indonesia has human rights including the right to social security for his life as stipulated in article 28H paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution that everyone has the right to obtain human rights fairly including inmates. Indonesia is now hit by a covid-19 virus outbreak and is social distancing. As a result, there are considerations to free prisoners but follow the conditional free procedure set out in Ministerial Regulation and Human Rights No. 03 of 2018. The research objectives were to find out: (1) prisoner parole procedures; (2) justice for inmates; and (3) the impact of prisoners' prarole.
Isolation and Identification of Biofilm-Forming Staphylococcus Aureus in Commercial Cow Milk Products
Authors: Yambise Dominggas , Ariestanti Catarina Aprilia , Budiarso Tri Yahya
Published: September 2020

Food poisoning caused by the contamination from Staphylococcus aureus are frequently found in foodespecially in dairy products. Pasteurization process in milk production was not enough to kill S. aureus becauseit formed biofilm that could survive in high temperature. This research aimed to study the presence of biofilmforming S. aureus in samples from packed commercial milk products in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia. Twentyisolates from dairy products were grown in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth then inoculated into Braid-ParkerAgar (BPA) medium to get the candidate of S. aureus isolates. These isolate candidates were selected usingMannitol Salt Agar (MSA) and Congo Red Agar (CRA) medium. Another selection was done by carbohydratefermentation analysis and confirmed using API STAPH. Confirmation analysis showed that eight isolateswere identified as S. aureus. Another two isolates were identified as S. xylosus and S. haemolyticus. Therefore,it indicated the presence of Staphylococcus aureus as contaminant in dairy products.
ESTADO DA ARTE: A INTEGRAÇÃO CURRICULAR NO ENSINO MÉDIO INTEGRADO DOS INSTITUTOS FEDERAIS
Authors: Medeiros Lílian Gobbi Dutra , Alberto Márcia De Souza Oliveira Paes Leme , Santiago Léia Adriana da Silva
Published: September 2020

Este trabalho é resultado de uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo estado da arte, que teve como objetivo buscar teses e dissertações que tratassem da integração curricular nos Institutos Federais (IFs), com foco no ensino médio integrado (EMI). Foi realizada uma busca na Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD), que resultou em treze trabalhos analisados. Paralelamente, elaboramos o perfil desses pesquisadores, através de uma consulta na plataforma Lattes. A pesquisa mostrou que os estudos sobre a integração curricular no âmbito do EMI dos IFs esbarram no distanciamento do que se quer para o EMI daquilo que se faz. É possível notar a inquietação e preocupação com a temática, contudo as investigações não apontam sugestões práticas para a materialização do currículo integrado.
EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL: ENTRE O LÁPIS E A FERRAMENTA. A INSURGÊNCIA DO MENOR APRENDIZ
Authors: Belli Maria José Menezes Lourega , Boneti Lindomar Wessler
Published: September 2020

Dados de uma pesquisa de cunho histórico educacional permitiram compreender como autoridades públicas, no período de 1909-1927, desenvolveram projetos educacionais objetivando promover o ensino profissionalizante para menores carentes em Curitiba/Pr. O período 1909-1927 foi estabelecido em razão da definição do conceito “menor” pelo Gabinete de Estatística da Polícia, bem como pela construção, em Curitiba, do Patronato Agrícola, primeira instituição correcional profissionalizante para menores. Examinou-se registros presentes nos periódicos da cidade de Curitiba e o regulamento do patronato. Do ponto de vista do método, parte-se dos sistemas de controle social como parâmetro, podendo-se assim examinar o menor com suas subjetividades. Dialogando com PERROT(1988), FOUCOULT(1977), BENJAMIN(1985), ARENDT(2016), THOMPSON(1987) e HAN(2019) permite examinar o que se passou naquele momento. Os dados coletados levam a compreender situações de insurgência infantil, que exteriorizam ordenamentos educacionais com seus repertórios valorativos e seus rigorosos mecanismos de cobrança. Oportuno ainda perceber no interior desses comportamentos, tidos como intoleráveis, a constituição de um entremeio crítico ao sistema regulador. Por essa brecha criada por esses aprendizes, foi possível perceber uma estrutura de ensino profissionalizante com práticas autoritárias, acarretando ensino penoso e excludente. Configuração contraditória, pois agravou a vulnerabilidade dessas crianças.
CONCEPÇÕES E PRÁTICAS RELATIVAS AO CURRÍCULO INTEGRADO NAS PRÁTICAS COMO COMPONENTES CURRICULARES EM CURSOS DE LICENCIATURA DE UM INSTITUTO FEDERAL DE EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Chaves Taniamara , Kaefer Maria Teresinha Verle , Chuquel Daiane Rosa
Published: September 2020

O presente trabalho apresenta os resultados obtidos junto a um projeto de pesquisa que tem como objetivo identificar e compreender as concepções de currículo integrado presentes em cursos de Licenciatura de um Instituto Federal de Educação situado no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A pesquisa apresenta natureza qualitativa, sendo as fontes de coleta de dados documentos pertencentes a dois cursos da área de Ciências da Natureza desta instituição. Foram também realizadas entrevistas com docentes que ministram as disciplinas de Prática enquanto Componente Curricular (PeCC) nos cursos mencionados. Como resultados têm-se que as PeCC se constituem como um dos principais espaços onde a articulação e a integração de conhecimentos pode ser realizada nas Licenciaturas desta instituição, entretanto, ainda são poucas as experiências de integração desenvolvidas nestes espaços, visto que existem dificuldades diversas, entre as quais, relacionadas com a estrutura organizacional dos cursos e da instituição. Algumas experiências de integração que acontecem nas PeCC estão associadas a aproximações teóricas e afinidades entre os docentes e entre as ementas das componentes envolvidas. Neste sentido, os professores desenvolvem o trabalho conforme compreensões individuais, o que sinaliza para a falta de unidade de ação e compreensão coletiva sobre o trabalho a ser desenvolvido.
Convolution layer with nonlinear kernel of square of subtraction for dark-direction-free recognition of images
Authors: Kim Hyoseob , Yoo Hojun , Lee Jung Lyul , Lee Seoungho
Published: September 2020

A nonlinear kernel with a bias is proposed here in the convolutional neural network. Negative square of subtraction between input image pixel numbers and the kernel coefficients are convolved to conform new feature map through the convolution layer in convolutional neural network. The operation is nonlinear from the input pixel point of view, as well as from the kernel weight coefficient point of view. Maximum-pooling may follow the feature map, and the results are finally fully connected to the output nodes of the network. While using gradient descent method to train relevant coefficients and biases, the gradient of the square of subtraction term appears in the whole gradient over each kernel coefficient. The new subtraction kernel is applied to two sets of images, and shows better performance than the existing linear convolution kernel. Each coefficient of the nonlinear subtraction kernel has quite image-equivalent meaning on top of pure mathematical number. The subtraction kernel works equally for a given black and white image set and its reversed version or for a given gray image set and its reversed version. This attribute becomes important when patterns are mixed with light color and dark color, or mixed with background color, and still both sides are equally important.
Equine Granulocytic Anaplasmosis, A Neglected Disease: Risk Factors Associated with Prevalence of Antibodies in Equines
Authors: de Oliveira Francisco Carlos Rodrigues , Rolim Marcia Farias , Gallo Samira Salim Mello , Quirino Célia Rachel , Ederli Nicole Brand
Published: September 2020

Background:

Anaplasma phagocytophilum,a tick-borne bacterium that causes granulocytic anaplasmosis, is a neglected pathogen in Brazil, and is diagnosed in several species of domestic and wild animals as well as in humans.

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of anti-A. phagocytophilumantibodies in Equidae from the state of Rio de Janeiro and to identify possible risk factors for infection.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 612 blood samples were collected from horses from 15 municipalities within the state. Moreover, an epidemiological questionnaire was administered to evaluate aspects related to seroreaction, taking into account the spatial distribution (properties, municipalities, and mesoregions), management practices, signs of disease, and the individual state of the animals. For the diagnosis, indirect immunofluorescence was performed.

Results:

In the present study, 124 (20.26%), out of a total of 612, animals with anti-A. phagocytophilumIgG antibodies at titers of 1:80 were detected. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of the infection at the property (P <0.0001) and the origin (P = 0.0095) of the horse were the true risk factors for infection in the state of Rio de Janeiro.

Conclusion:

This allows to infer that the bacterium is distributed in all mesoregions of the state of Rio de Janeiro and that animals from other states can introduce the infection and make a property a focus of disease; it can also be inferred that these properties are important in the maintenance of the disease and the permanence of bacteria circulating in horses. It is also noteworthy that this was the first identification of mules as hosts ofA. phagocytophiluminfection.
Investigation of the Structural Behaviors of One-way HVFA-SCC Slabs Reinforced by GFRP Bars
Authors: Zhou Lingzhu , Dong Pengcheng , Zheng Yu , Song Gangbing , Wang Xiaolu
Published: September 2020

Background:

The corrosion of steel bar leads to the deterioration of structural behaviors,
high cost maintenance, shortened service life. The bridge deck structures constructed by Fiber Reinforced
Polymer (FRP) bars and High-Volume Fly Ash-Self-Compacting Concrete (HVFA-SCC) can
achieve low energy consumption, sustainable construction and high durability. However, the structural
behaviors of this bridge deck are still unclear.

Objective:

The aim of this paper is to study the structural behaviors, including ultimate loads, failure
mode, cracking behavior, deflection and strain of one-way HVFA-SCC slabs reinforced with Glass-
FRP (GFRP).

Experimental:

Eleven full-scale HVFA-SCC slabs, varying in reinforcement diameter, reinforcement
ratio, shear-span ratio, the type of reinforcing materials and concrete matrix materials, were
tested by using a four-point bending load.

Methods:

The test results of tested specimens were compared with existing theoretical models, such
as crack load, ultimate bearing capacity, maximum crack width, maximum crack space and deflection
predicted model.

Results:

The GFRP reinforced HVFA-SCC slab exhibits similar structural behaviors to the GFRP
reinforced NC slab. The maximum crack width of HVFA-SCC slab is significantly increased by
using GFRP bars with a diameter of 19 mm.

Conclusion:

It is concluded that it is feasible to use HVFA-SCC instead of NC combined with
GFRP bars in bridge deck structures. The stress limit of concrete materials (0.45fc) is the main governing
factor for the service limit state (SLS) of GFRP reinforced HVFA-SCC slabs. The maximum
crack width of GFRP reinforced HVFA-SCC slabs can be predicted by using EHE-08 and GB
50608-2010 models.
Maternale en omgevingsfactoren die significant geassocieerd zijn met het geboortegewicht van holsteinkalveren
Authors: Depreester E. , Kamal M. M. , Van Eetvelde M. , Hostens M. , Opsomer G.
Published: September 2020

In deze studie werden de factoren onderzocht die significant geassocieerd zijn met het geboortegewicht van een holsteinkalf. De hier beschreven retrospectieve dwarsdoorsnedestudie bij 1594 holstein-friesiankalveren en hun moederdieren werd van 2011 tot 2013 uitgevoerd op vier melkveebedrijven in België en één in Duitsland. Bij de primipare moederdieren hadden het geslacht van het kalf, de drachtduur, het afkalfseizoen, de afkalfleeftijd en de grootte van het moederdier bij het afkalven (borstomtrek, schofthoogte, diagonale lengte) een significante invloed op het geboortegewicht (GG). Het GG was significant lager bij vaarzen die op zeer oude leeftijd afkalfden (25,5-37,3 maanden) (P < 0,001). Bij het afkalven tussen 22 en 23,5 maanden was het GG hoger dan bij vaarzen die tussen 20,3 en 22 maanden of tussen 23,3 en 25,5 maanden afkalfden (P<0,001). Bij de multipare moederdieren hadden het geslacht, het afkalfseizoen, de drachtduur, de pariteit, de lengte van de droogstand en de melkproductie tijdens de dracht (MDRACHT) een significante invloed op het GG (P < 0,001). Het GG van kalveren was respectievelijk 0,97 en 1,11 kg zwaarder bij koeien met een lage (1.400 tot < 5.400 kg) en een hoge (6.500 tot < 7.200 kg) MDRACHT dan bij koeien met een zeer hoge (7.200 tot < 11.600 kg) MDRACHT. De negatieve invloed van een vroege of late eerste partus bij vaarzen en van de zeer hoge melkproductie tijdens de dracht bij koeien op het geboortegewicht kan de basis zijn voor verder onderzoek naar de invloed van nutritionele en andere maatregelen tijdens de dracht op de productie en gezondheid van de nakomelingen op lange termijn.
Incomplete ossificatie van de humeruscondyl bij een jonge bordeauxdog
Authors: Favril S. , Van Vynckt D. , Gielen I. , Van Caelenberg A. , Vanderperren K. , Van Ryssen B.
Published: September 2020

In deze casus wordt een incomplete ossificatie van de humeruscondyl beschreven bij een bordeauxdog van acht maanden oud. Als pup was de hond al intermitterend mank aan de rechtervoorpoot. Omwille van het ras en de klinische en radiografische bevindingen werd in de eerste plaats aan elleboogdysplasie gedacht. Echter, aan de hand van het computertomografisch onderzoek werd een incomplete ossificatie van de humeruscondyl vastgesteld. Deze aandoening komt minder vaak voor dan elleboogdysplasie en veroorzaakt niet altijd manken. De hond werd conservatief behandeld vanwege de milde klinische klachten waarna het manken spontaan verdween. Het bijzondere aan deze casus is in de eerste plaats het signalement en de anamnese. Incomplete ossificatie komt vooral voor bij spaniëls en veroorzaakt bij pups meestal geen manken. Bovendien is het spontane herstel van deze hond atypisch. Vaak veroorzaakt de aandoening persisterend manken en soms evolueert een incomplete ossficatie naar een atraumatische humerale condylfractuur.
Twee gevallen van persisterende ductus arteriosus bij de hond
Authors: Debevere S. , Vlerick L. , Bavegems V. , Binst D. , Cornillie P. , Polis I. , de Rooster H.
Published: September 2020

Persisterende ductus arteriosus (PDA) is één van de meest vastgestelde congenitale hartaandoeningen bij de hond. Indien de aandoening niet behandeld wordt, sterft meer dan de helft van de honden in hun eerste levensjaar. Het sluiten van de PDA via occlusie of ligatie is dan ook aanbevolen en heeft een goede langetermijnprognose. De belangrijkste complicatie bij de nietinvasieve technieken is het optreden van embolie terwijl bloeding na ruptuur van de ductus of een naburig bloedvat het meest voorkomende probleem is bij ligatietechnieken. Twee gevallen van PDA worden hier besproken. Bij de eerste hond werd de PDA succesvol chirurgisch gecorrigeerd. Bij de tweede hond daarentegen ontstonden er tijdens de chirurgische ingreep meermaals ernstige bloedingen te wijten aan de uitzonderlijke aanwezigheid van een persisterende vijfde aortaboog (PFAA). Er werd intraoperatief besloten om tot euthanasie over te gaan.
Pericardiale effusie bij de hond
Authors: Vlerick L. , Bavegems V. , De Ridder M. , Smets P. , de Rooster H.
Published: September 2020

Aandoeningen van het pericard komen vrij vaak voor bij de hond en gaan in de meeste gevallen gepaard met pericardiale effusie. De oorzaak van deze pericardiale effusie is meestal neoplastisch of idiopathisch. Wanneer zich vocht opstapelt in het hartzakje neemt de intrapericardiale druk toe en ontstaat er uiteindelijk harttamponade. Pericardiocentese is een belangrijke diagnostische maar voornamelijk therapeutische techniek bij alle patiënten met harttamponade. Wanneer de effusie blijft terugkomen, is pericardectomie aangewezen. De meest uitgevoerde technieken zijn de subtotale pericardectomie via thoracotomie of het pericardiale venster via thoracoscopie. De prognose na pericardectomie is sterk afhankelijk van de oorzaak van de pericardovervulling en is gunstig bij de idiopathische vorm maar gereserveerder bij aanwezigheid van tumoren.
Kenmerken en uitdagingen van de moderne Belgische vleeskalversector
Authors: Pardon B. , Catry B. , Boone R. , Theys H. , De Bleecker K. , Dewulf J. , Deprez P.
Published: September 2020

In dit artikel wordt de Belgische vleeskalversector gesitueerd binnen Europa en wordt een overzicht gegeven van de belangrijkste vroegere, hedendaagse en toekomstige uitdagingen voor de sector. Om blank kalfsvlees te produceren, dienen de dieren in een gecontroleerde anemische toestand gehouden te worden, hetgeen een specifieke voeding en huisvesting vraagt. Als reactie op de toegenomen maatschappelijke bezorgdheid inzake het welzijn van vleeskalveren werden een wettelijk minimumgehalte voor hemoglobine (in 1990), een minimum hoeveelheid vast voedsel om een betere pensontwikkeling te stimuleren en groepshuisvesting vanaf de leeftijd van acht weken (in 2007) geïmplementeerd. De geïntegreerde structuur van de sector heeft er vermoedelijk mede voor gezorgd dat al deze doorgedreven wijzigingen in een relatief beperkte periode konden doorgevoerd worden. Ondanks de voortrekkersrol die de vleeskalversector heeft gespeeld met betrekking tot het oprichten van kwaliteitslabels en ondanks alle inspanningen voor een betere huisvesting en voeding, blijft de sector onderhevig aan maatschappelijke kritiek. Tegenwoordig worden vooral het intensieve antibioticumgebruik en de hiermee geassocieerde hoge resistentieniveaus van commensale, pathogene en zoönotische bacteriën bij vleeskalveren sterk bekritiseerd. De toekomstige uitdaging ligt dan ook in de ontwikkeling van een vleeskalversector die slechts een beperkte hoeveelheid antibiotica nodig heeft en terzelfdertijd dierenwelzijn en inkomen veilig stelt.
Volksdiergeneeskunde samengebracht en verklaard door dierenarts Jaak Wouters (1966): Deel 2: specifieke aandoeningen en behandelingen
Authors: Bouckaert J. , Devriese L.
Published: September 2020

Dit is een korte samenvatting van de traditionele geneeswijzen van dierziekten aan de hand van het werk ‘Volksdiergeneeskunde’ van dierenarts Jaak Wouters in eigen beheer uitgegeven in 1966. In dit tweede deel worden eerst problemen in verband met bevruchting, dracht en geboorte beschreven, waarna de in de volksgeneeskunde gebruikelijke behandelingen van de belangrijkste ziekten per diersoort kort geschetst worden. Net als in de reguliere plattelandspraktijk van destijds komen paard en rund op de eerste plaats. In dalende orde van belang volgen varken, schaap, geit, hond, kat, pluimvee (hoen, eend, duif), konijn en als buitenbeentje de rat. Naast de beschrijving van de toegepaste middelen besteedt Wouters heel wat aandacht aan Vlaamse en Brabantse dialectnamen van ziekten, symptomen en geneesmiddelen. Bij moeilijk te begrijpen remedies verwijst hij naar de begrippen en principes van de primitieve geneeskunde, zoals sympathie, homeopathie (signaturenleer) en magie die in deel 1 van dit tweeluik beschreven staan.
Eigenschappen en toekomstperspectieven van mesenchymale stamcellen bij honden
Authors: Combes F. , de Bakker E. , De Schauwer C. , Meyer E.
Published: September 2020

Het therapeutisch gebruik van caniene mesenchymale stamcellen (cMSC) kent de laatste jaren een sterke toename binnen de diergeneeskunde. MSC zijn stromale cellen die in vitro multipotente stamceleigenschappen vertonen. Endogeen bezitten ze trofische, immunoregulerende, antimicrobiële en hematopoïese-ondersteunende functies. Exogeen toegediende MSC vertonen bovendien een opmerkelijk migrerend vermogen naar hypoxische en inflammatoire regio’s. Er zijn in stijgende mate indicaties dat MSC ook uit pericyten kunnen ontstaan. Zowel de verschillende invloeden die het micromilieu uitoefent op deze adulte stamcellen, als het gebruik van niet-gestandaardiseerde methoden voor isolatie en expansie leiden tot heterogene celpopulaties. Bijkomend onderzoek is nodig om deze beloftevolle therapieën in de toekomst zonder voorbehoud toegepast kunnen worden bij de hond.
Aderlatingen en etterdrachten verdrijven het ‘kwaad’ uit het lichaam
Authors: Devriese L. , De porte H. F. M. , Bols P. E. J.
Published: September 2020

Eeuwenlang was bloed aflaten via een snede in de aders (flebotomie, aderlating) ontzettend populair in de geneeskunde van mens en dier. Naast het meest gebruikelijke ‘slaan van bloed’ in de halsader van paard en rund werd ook bloed afgelaten op diverse andere plaatsen, gaande van het gehemelte tot de staart. Behalve veneus bloed werd soms ook arterieel bloed afgetapt. In de humane geneeskunde was ook het kunstmatig verwekken van lokale capillaire bloedingen populair. Dit gebeurde met behulp van Hirudo (echels, bloedzuigers) en met zogenaamde ‘laatkoppen’ (vacuüm trekkende bokaaltjes op de huid). Het hoofddoel van al deze praktijken was zowel voor het volk als voor de artsen duidelijk: ziekteverwekkende stoffen (het ‘kwaad’) uit het lichaam laten ontsnappen. In de Hippocratisch-Galenische geneeskunde werd dit ingebed in theorieën over evenwicht (syncrasie) en onevenwicht (dyscrasie) van de verschillende lichaamsvochten (“humores”), waar mogelijk ook de verklaring lag voor de soms moeilijk toepasbare, lokale bloedafnamen dichtbij aangetaste lichaamsdelen. Een tweede, vooral in de diergeneeskunde ooit zeer belangrijke techniek bestond er in met behulp van de zogenaamde etterdrachten of andere irriterende middelen kunstmatig lokale ontstekingen op te wekken. Hoewel de gelijkenis met aderlaten niet evident is, berust het geloof in de heilzame werking van deze ingreep op het zelfde hoofdprincipe: de ziekteverwekkende stof, het ‘kwaad’, moet uit het lichaam verdreven worden.
Tandheelkunde bij het paard in de 21e eeuw: Deel 1: Afwijkingen van het paardengebit
Authors: Pollaris E. , Vlaminck L.
Published: September 2020

Het preventief onderzoeken en behandelen van het paardengebit geraakt stilaan meer ingeburgerd. Hoe meer men kijkt, hoe meer men bewust wordt van de hoge prevalentie aan gebitspathologieën. Zowel de kennis, de diagnostiek als de behandelingsmogelijkheden van deze problemen zijn de laatste jaren sterk geëvolueerd. Dit eerste artikel in een reeks over de moderne tandheelkunde bij het paard vertrekt vanuit het normale gebit om daarna stil te staan bij de klinische aspecten van de verschillende afwijkingen. In de volgende artikels zal ingegaan worden op de diagnostische mogelijkheden, alsook de verschillende facetten van de behandeling van uiteenlopende gebitsproblemen.
The effect of closed-incision negative pressure wound therapy on clinical and ultrasonographic seroma formation and wound healing following forequarter amputation in large dogs - a randomized pilot trial
Authors: Vallarino N. , Devriendt N. , Koenraadt A. , Or M. , Stock E. , Floré A. , De Rooster H.
Published: September 2020

This pilot study aimed at evaluating whether closed-incision negative pressure wound therapy (ciNPWT) has an effect on seroma formation and wound healing following forequarter amputation in dogs above 20 kg. Twelve client-owned dogs weighing more than 20 kg, presented for forequarter amputation, were randomly assigned after surgery into two groups (six ciNPWT and six controls with soft-padded bandage, both bandages applied for three days). A clinical and ultrasonographic control (newly developed scoring system) was performed at bandage removal (three days postoperatively) and ten days, postoperatively. A postoperative seroma was present in 4/6 dogs in the ciNPWT group and in 5/6 dogs in the control group. There were no apparent differences in the ultrasonographic scores or subcutis measurements at three versus ten days, postoperatively. The results of this pilot trial do not support expansion to a larger-scale study evaluating ciNPWT after forequarter amputation in dogs.
ANALISIS FORECASTING DEMAND DENGAN METODE LINEAR EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING (STUDI PADA: PRODUK BATIK FENDY, KLATEN)
Authors: Wardani Nita Kusuma , Afandi Muhammad Roestam , Riani Lilia Pasca
Published: September 2020

Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi tingkat akurasi peramalan permintaan Batik Fendy menggunakan teknik MAPE. Adapun jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif, menggunakan data sekunder dari penjualan perusahaan Batik Fendy periode bulan November 2018 - Onkoter 2019. Terdapat 5 tahapan dalam analisis data, yaitu 1) mentabulasikan data penjualan dan data produksi batik Fendy, 2) mengevaluasi metode peramalan penjualan yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan Batik Fendy dengan teknik MAPE, 3) memproyeksikan nilai alpha dan beta sebagai dasar peramalan linear exponential smoothing, 4) melakukan peramalan permintaan Batik Fendy dengan metode Linear Exponential Smoothing, dan 5) melakukan evaluasi metode peramalan dengan teknik MAPE. Hasil penelitian ini adalah nilai MAPE dari peramalan permintaan yang dilakukan oeh perusahaan Batik Fendy adalah sebesar 17,5%; angka ini menunjukkan tingkat persentase kesalahan paling tinggi pada varian Batik Sarimbit Lengan Panjang, kemudian dengan data penjualan varian ini dilakukan peramalan penjualan dengan metode Linear Exponential Smoothing dan diperoleh MAPE sebesar 9,21%. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan metode Linear Exponential Smoothing dalam memprediksi penjualan Batik Fendy varian Sarimbit Lengan Panjang lebih akurat.Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of forecasting demand for Batik Fendy using MAPE techniques. The type of this research is a quantitative descriptive study, using secondary data from the sales of the company Batik Fendy in the period November 2018 - October 2019. There are five stages in data analysis, namely 1) tabulating sales data and production data of Fendy batik, 2) evaluating sales forecasting methods conducted by the Batik Fendy company with the MAPE technique, 3) projecting alpha and beta values as the basis for forecasting linear, exponential smoothing, 4) forecasting requests for Batik Fendy with the Linear Exponential Smoothing method, and 5) evaluating the forecasting method with the MAPE technique. The results of this study are the MAPE value of demand forecasts made by the Batik Fendy company is 17.5%. This figure shows the highest percentage of error in the variant of the Sarimbit Long Sleeve Batik. With the sales data, this variant is forecasted by using the Linear Exponential Smoothing method and obtained a MAPE of 9.21%. So it can be concluded that the use of the Linear Exponential Smoothing method in predicting sales of the Sarimbit Arm Long Variant Batik is accurate.