bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cabells Scholarly Analytics
Authors: Hoffecker Lilian
Published: April 2018

Cabells Scholarly Analytics is a database of journals describing peer-review policy, fees, quality metrics, and many more features that researchers find helpful in making decisions about where to publish. Consisting of the Whitelist of reputable journals and the Blacklist of questionable journals, Cabells aims to become a reliable source of information on the quality, competiveness, visibility, and integrity of journals. The Blacklist, specifically, is a dispassionate, potentially one-stop resource to help authors identify problematic journals. There is room for improvement, however, especially for the Whitelist, in accurately categorizing journals by discipline and transparently showing the methodology of calculated indices.
Practicing what we preach: developing a data sharing policy for the Journal of the Medical Library Association
Authors: Read Kevin B. , Amos Liz , Federer Lisa M. , Logan Ayaba , Plutchak T. Scott , Akers Katherine G.
Published: April 2018

Providing access to the data underlying research results in published literature allows others to reproduce those results or analyze the data in new ways. Health sciences librarians and information professionals have long been advocates of data sharing. It is time for us to practice what we preach and share the data associated with our published research. This editorial describes the activity of a working group charged with developing a research data sharing policy for the Journal of the Medical Library Association.
Selection, idioms, and the structure of nominal phrases with and without classifiers
Authors: Bruening Benjamin , Dinh Xuyen , Kim Lan
Published: April 2018

It is common to hypothesize that in classifier and non-classifier languages alike the various functional heads (determiner/demonstrative, numeral, classifier) each head their own projection, so that the maximal projection of the nominal phrase is not NP but something like DP. We evaluate the predictions this makes regarding selection and verb-object idioms in English, a non-classifier language, and in Korean and Vietnamese, two classifier languages. These predictions are not upheld, and nominals act very differently from clauses and PPs, which are headed by functional heads. Selection and idioms show that the maximal projection of the nominal must be a projection of the lexical N itself, not a functional element. We develop such an analysis of nominals, and show how it accounts for data that was taken to motivate the DP Hypothesis.
Suporte familiar e sintomatologia depressiva e ansiosa em mulheres com obesidade
Authors: Da Silva Nathália Gomes , Batista José Roniere Morais , Galdino Melyssa Kellyane Cavalcanti , De Barros Sibelle Maria Martins
Published: April 2018

O objetivo deste estudo consistiu em descrever a correlação do grau de percepção do suporte familiar com o nível de sintomatologia depressiva e ansiosa em pacientes com obesidade. A amostra foi composta por pacientes do sexo feminino (N = 39), usuárias do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), com idade média de 41 anos (DP = 10,74). As participantes responderam ao Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI), ao Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck (BAI) e ao Inventário de Percepção do Suporte Familiar (IPSF). Os resultados indicaram correlações negativas significativas entre o IPSF com o BDI e o BAI, indicando que, quanto maior a percepção do suporte familiar recebido, menores são os escores de sintomas depressivos e ansiosos. Correlações entre o BDI e o BAI também foram encontradas, apontando que quanto maior o grau de depressão, maior o nível de ansiedade. De maneira geral, os estudos indicam a efetiva importância do suporte familiar que se percebido como adequado pelo indivíduo, pode se apresentar como um fator de proteção no processo saúde-doença.
Efeitos de uma intervenção analítico-comportamental e do treino de relaxamento em mulheres com Fibromialgia e má qualidade do sono: Um estudo piloto
Authors: Kirchner Luziane Fátima , Reis Maria de Jesus Dutra
Published: April 2018

Este estudo avaliou o efeito de uma intervenção analítico-comportamental para dor, sono e treino de relaxamento (GT, n=6), comparado a grupos submetido ao treino de relaxamento isolado (GR, n=3) e grupo controle sem intervenção (GC, n=3). As participantes foram mulheres (idade média 53,5 anos) com diagnóstico médico de Fibromialgia (FM) e queixa de má qualidade do sono. Instrumentos de autorrelato para avaliação da experiência global de dor, incapacidade relacionada à dor, qualidade do sono, ansiedade, depressão, e estresse, juntamente com a avaliação do cortisol ao despertar (Cortisol Awakening Response - CAR), foram aplicados antes e após oito sessões, e na avaliação de Follow-Up (30 dias). As participantes responderam a um questionário de satisfação ao final da intervenção. Os dados mostraram que o GT obteve mudança positiva (prepós) na resposta do cortisol e de autorrelato do estresse e o GC na incapacidade relacionada à dor. Ao final do estudo, as participantes dos grupos GT e GR relataram estarem satisfeitas quanto ao atendimento recebido e perceberam melhora sobre os indicadores de saúde avaliados. Os resultados foram discutidos em termos de implicações para pesquisas futuras.
Studies on Antimicrobial Activity and Kinetics of Inhibition by Plant Products in India (1990–2016)
Authors: Sharma Ramesh Kumar , Rana Bhupendra Kumar
Published: April 2018

The antimicrobial activity of herbal extracts or plant isolates has usually been evaluated in India using different antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods generally based on diffusion and dilution. There are different analytical approaches for the reliable evaluation of antimicrobial activity ascribed to medicinal plants against selected pathogenic microorganisms. Obtained results may provide scientific bases for the selective use of these natural plants as healing drugs, crop-protecting pesticides, or shelf-life-extending solutions. In general, antimicrobial susceptibility methodologies involve in vivo and in vitro studies; at present, the in vitro evaluation of antibacterial activity appears more popular. Diffusion methods have some limitations, although they are extensively used to determine the susceptibility of organisms isolated from specimen samples to applied antimicrobials and vice versa. Dilution methods are preferred in the case of more precise antimicrobial activity estimation, in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration. With regard to the inherent antimicrobial nature of herbal compositions, herbs, and herbal extracts, Indian researchers have evaluated the reliability of these antimicrobial agents against selected pathogens and have shown them to be effective. Researchers have also tried to establish linear regression correlation analyses on the basis of available inhibition results. This research is still evolving, and interesting results may be expected in the future.
Direct Comparison of Cavity Ring Down Spectrometry and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry for Detection of Sugar Adulteration in Honey Samples
Authors: Mantha Madhavi , Urban John R , Mark William A , Chernyshev Anatoly , Kubachka Kevin M
Published: April 2018

In the last several years, economically motivated adulteration (EMA) of foods including honey has received increased attention. The addition of inexpensive sweeteners such as high fructose corn syrup or cane sugar to honey is still encountered despite scientific methods that can routinely detect this type of adulteration. The standard method for detection of these adulterants utilizes isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS); however, this technique requires an elevated degree of technical knowledge for operation as well as a high cost for purchase and maintenance. Cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS) has demonstrated potential for this type of analysis and is less expensive with simpler operation. This study evaluates CRDS for the detection of low-cost sweeteners added to honey and compares the performance of CRDS to IRMS. Several honey samples were analyzed, and the advantages and limitations specific to CRDS were evaluated. Overall, the results indicate that CRDS provides a performance comparable to the benchmark technique IRMS for EMA honey analysis.
In the News
Authors: Free David
Published: April 2018

Welcome to the April 2018 issue of C&RL News. Putting the values of librarianship into practice continues to be a major focus in the current political and social climate in the United States. In this month’s Scholarly Communication column, Michelle Baildon discusses “Extending the social justice mindset” to the scholarly publishing world through reflections on a report generated by the MIT Library’s Diversity, Inclusion, and Social Justice Task Force.
News from the Field
Authors: Free David
Published: April 2018

UBC Okanagan Campus Library leads project to bring local history to lifeRepresent ALA on IFLA standing committeesNewberry revises digital re-use policyIMLS accepting Native Hawaiian Library Services Grant applicationsLYRASIS releases guidebook for open source sustainabilityMLA International Bibliography adds new subject modulesOCLC extends WorldShare Management Services mobile capabilities
C&RL Spotlight
Authors: Kaspar Wendi
Published: April 2018

When we put together the special issue for April, I was excited to see so many articles that focused on strategic management of libraries. Many of the articles in College & Research Libraries are focused on library operations, data-driven projects, or information literacy. We only periodically receive submissions on library management and leadership topics dealing with strategy, values, ethics, organizational impact, etc.
Washington Hotline
Authors: Hines Shawnda , Russell Carrie
Published: April 2018

Federal library fundingMusic copyright legislation proceeding
Internet Reviews
Authors: Roberts Joni R. , Drost Carol A.
Published: April 2018

Gun Violence ArchiveOrganization for Security and Co-operation in EuropeThe National Women’s Hall of Fame
Fast Facts
Authors: Pattillo Gary
Published: April 2018

Music format salesOpen Educational ResourcesEnglish proficiency indexThe Old Farmer’s AlmanacEducational attainment
Lead Communication It's Not What You Say but How You Say It
Authors: Smith Kelley Dearing
Published: April 2018

Water utilities face a communications challenge whenever they discuss lead in drinking water. Lessons learned from a major utility regarding its lead service line replacement program provide valuable insights on communicating with the public about lead.
Tank Maintenance Helps Ensure Water Quality
Authors: Hanley Kipp
Published: April 2018

A comprehensive water storage tank maintenance program helps a northeastern utility maintain excellent water quality in a system that has grown but still has old infrastructure in service.
Improve Power Monitoring at Remote Water Facilities
Authors: Stewart Kevin , Nasby Graham
Published: April 2018

For any water utility, a reliable electricity supply is essential to keeping the water on and ensuring regulatory compliance. One utility is using advanced communication protocols to help it respond better to power interruptions at remote sites.
New wombats from Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland, include pouch young
Authors: Brewer Philippa
Published: April 2018

Despite an estimated molecular divergence date of 40 million years (middle Eocene) between wombats and their closest living relative, the koala, the fossil record of wombats is poor. The two oldest described wombats, Nimbavombatus boodjamullensis and Rhizophascolonus crowcrofti, are both early Miocene in age. The former is known from maxillae, upper cheek teeth and isolated lower molars from Riversleigh in northwestern Queensland. The latter is known only from the isolated teeth from central Australia. Here we describe additional specimens of Rhizophascolonus from Riversleigh that are late Oligocene to middle Miocene in age as well as at least one additional species. Excitingly, the new specimens show an ontogenetic range from pouch young with occlusal cusp details intact to fully adult specimens with heavily worn teeth.

The unworn teeth from Riversleigh are compared with those pouch young from two extant wombat taxa and the extant koala. In addition, comparisons of quantitative and qualitative characters of all known Rhizophascolonus specimens with other koala and wombat taxa reveal a large degree of variation in the sample of Rhizophascolonus teeth from Riversleigh. However, the number of species of Rhizophascolonus present is difficult to ascertain and it is not inconceivable that there is only one or two highly variable species present.

Despite uncertainty at the species level, these new specimens provide an unprecedented insight into this enigmatic group, and we can now start to reconstruct intrafamilial relationships with a greater degree of confidence. Furthermore, occlusal morphology can now be used to help clarify interfamilial relationships in the suborder Vombatiformes, which in addition to wombats and koalas, includes five additional extinct families.
Diversity of raptor dinosaurs in southeastern North America revealed by the first definite record from North Carolina
Authors: Brownstein Chase D
Published: April 2018

During the Cretaceous period, North America was divided into two landmasses, the eastern Appalachia and western Laramidia. Recent research on several sites scattered across the eastern margin of North America has allowed for the analysis of vertebrate faunas from the once obscured terrestrial fossil record of Appalachia, revealing the landmass harbored a distinctive fauna composed of mostly relict forms. One geological unit that has produced a comparatively extensive record of terrestrial vertebrates, including non-avian dinosaurs, is the Tar Heel Formation of North Carolina. Here, I report the first definitive occurrence of a dromaeosaurid from the Tar Heel Formation in the form of a tooth from a fairly large member of that group. This tooth, like others previously discovered from the southeastern portion of North America, compares favorably with those of saurornitholestine dromaeosaurids from the western United States and Canada. The North Carolina tooth differs in morphology and size from previously reported southeastern North American dromaeosaurid teeth, but is still assignable to a saurornitholestine dromaeosaurid, evincing that the diversity of carnivorous bird-like dinosaurs in the southeastern part of North America during the Late Cretaceous may have been rather low. The tooth, which is intermediate in size between those of smaller dromaeosaurids like Saurornitholestes and gigantic forms like Dakotaraptor, helps fill the gap between larger- and smaller-bodied dromaeosaurids from the Late Cretaceous.
Un acercamiento interseccional al discurso de la tradición en casos de violencia a mujeres Mapuche
Authors: Vera Gajardo Antonieta
Published: April 2018

With an approach inspired by Latin American cultural studies, post/decolonial feminist theory and intersectional theory, this article offers a theoretical analysis of the problem of the violence directed against women in the Mapuche indigenous communities. On that basis, it discusses a situation which has occurred in recent years in Chile, where the male aggressors defended themselves by appealing to the customary law of their society, which is protected by Code 169 of the ILO. It analyzes the discourse of tradition starting with the figure of the “Eco-spiritual Mapuche”, a representational regime which situates the problem of gender violence in the context of the multicultural society of Chile.
VEGF-C promotes the development of lymphatics in bone and bone loss
Authors: Hominick Devon , Silva Asitha , Khurana Noor , Liu Ying , Dechow Paul C , Feng Jian Q , Pytowski Bronislaw , Rutkowski Joseph M , Alitalo Kari , Dellinger Michael T
Published: April 2018

Patients with Gorham-Stout disease (GSD) have lymphatic vessels in their bones and their bones gradually disappear. Here, we report that mice that overexpress VEGF-C in bone exhibit a phenotype that resembles GSD. To drive VEGF-C expression in bone, we generated Osx-tTA;TetO-Vegfc double-transgenic mice. In contrast to Osx-tTA mice, Osx-tTA;TetO-Vegfc mice developed lymphatics in their bones. We found that inhibition of VEGFR3, but not VEGFR2, prevented the formation of bone lymphatics in Osx-tTA;TetO-Vegfc mice. Radiological and histological analysis revealed that bones from Osx-tTA;TetO-Vegfc mice were more porous and had more osteoclasts than bones from Osx-tTA mice. Importantly, we found that bone loss in Osx-tTA;TetO-Vegfc mice could be attenuated by an osteoclast inhibitor. We also discovered that the mutant phenotype of Osx-tTA;TetO-Vegfc mice could be reversed by inhibiting the expression of VEGF-C. Taken together, our results indicate that expression of VEGF-C in bone is sufficient to induce the pathologic hallmarks of GSD in mice.
Serpin functions in host-pathogen interactions
Authors: Bao Jialing , Pan Guoqing , Poncz Mortimer , Wei Junhong , Ran Maoshuang , Zhou Zeyang
Published: April 2018

Serpins are a broadly distributed superfamily of protease inhibitors that are present in all kingdoms of life. The acronym, serpin, is derived from their function as potentserineproteasesinhibitors. Early studies of serpins focused on their functions in haemostasis since modulating serine proteases activities are essential for coagulation. Additional research has revealed that serpins function in infection and inflammation, by modulating serine and cysteine proteases activities. The aim of this review is to summarize the accumulating findings and current understanding of the functions of serpins in host-pathogen interactions, serving as host defense proteins as well as pathogenic factors. We also discuss the potential crosstalk between host and pathogen serpins. We anticipate that future research will elucidate the therapeutic value of this novel target.
Determinantes dos Rendimentos no Mercado de Trabalho Nacional: Uma Comparação Entre os Gêneros e Entre as Regiões Metropolitanas de Belo Horizonte e Salvador
Authors: Cirino Jader Fernandes , Lima João Eustáquio
Published: April 2018

Com base na Teoria do Capital Humano, foram analisados os determinantes do rendimento nos mercados de trabalho nacional e das Regiões Metropolitanas de Belo Horizonte (RMBH) e Salvador (RMS), a partir dos dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) de 2006. Todas as variáveis incluídas na análise foram significativas, indicando que a educação, a idade, a raça, a posição na ocupação, os setores de atividade e o tipo de ocupação do trabalhador, além das grandes regiões, para o caso do Brasil, foram importantes para explicar o rendimento do trabalho. O presente trabalho propôs-se também a comparar tais determinantes entre os gêneros e entre a RMBH e a RMS. Para a primeira comparação, observou-se maior retorno do trabalho para os homens, em relação às mulheres, tanto com relação às variáveis de escolaridade quanto de idade, suscitando certa discriminação contras as trabalhadoras. Já para a segunda comparação, verificou-se que os impactos da escolaridade e da idade sobre o rendimento dos trabalhadores foram maiores na RMBH frente aos observados na RMS, resultado do maior dinamismo econômico do primeiro mercado perante o segundo.
Crescimento Econômico e Clusters Municipais no Estado de Mato Grosso
Authors: Dassow Charline , Costa Raphaela Marya Gerônima Santos da , Figueiredo Adriano Marcos Rodrigues
Published: April 2018

Mato Grosso tem se destacado pelas altas taxas de crescimento eco- nômico e elevada renda per capita, mas seu crescimento não ocorre de forma homogênea em todos os municípios/regiões. Assim, analisa-se o processo de crescimento econômico de seus municípios no período de 2001 a 2007. Investiga-se a dependência espacial entre os municípios, e se há cluster de crescimento econômico no estado com uso do teste I de Moran e o indicador LISA, para a presença de clusters. Verificou-se: a existência de pequenos efeitos espaciais nas taxas de crescimento e renda per capita assim como clusters de crescimento econômico.
Nova Síntese Neoclássica E Política Monetária: Uma Apreciação Didática
Authors: Drumond Carlos Eduardo Iwai , Jesus Cleiton Silva de
Published: April 2018

O presente texto objetiva apresentar as linhas gerais da chamada “nova síntese neoclássica”. São três as principais contribuições: i) revisar a teoria que da base à prática da política monetária contemporaneamente;ii) mostrar um modelo básico de política monetária conhecido na literatura como o modelo de três equações (CARLIN; SOSKICE, 2005); iii) desenvolver uma versão gráfica do modelo de três equações que possa ser usada como ferramenta didática.
A Indústria Farmacêutica e a Introdução de Medicamentos Genéricos no Mercado Brasileiro
Authors: Santos Emerson Costa , Ferreira Maria Alice
Published: April 2018

O mercado farmacêutico brasileiro é um dos maiores do mundo e há tempos dominado pelas grandes indústrias transnacionais. Entretanto, nos últimos anos houve importantes modificações, dentre elas a introdução dos medicamentos genéricos. Este segmento vem crescendo a uma taxa superior ao mercado farmacêutico total. As empresas de controle nacional conseguiram ocupar uma fatia maior desse mercado total, evidenciando um resultado positivo da inclusão dos genéricos na indústria farmacêutica nacional. O presente estudo busca apresentar a evolução da indústria farma- cêutica no Brasil, especialmente a partir da introdução dos medicamentos genéricos, em 1999, bem como os pressupostos teóricos que embasam a estrutura de mercado.
A Política Energética Sustentável Requerida para o Brasil
Authors: Alcoforado Fernando
Published: April 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o setor de energia no Brasil e as políticas governamentais recentes para o desenvolvimento de energia a partir da perspectiva do desenvolvimento sustentável. Os resultados deste estudo apontam para a necessidade da adoção de uma nova política energética sustentável para o Brasil baseado em grande parte em energias renováveis nos setores elétrico, de petróleo e gás natural.
O Crescimento da Economia Mineira: uma análise a partir da elasticidade de substituição dos fatores produtivos
Authors: Ferreira Maria Alice , Santos Emerson Costa , Paula Josiane Souza , Fernandes Elaine Aparecida
Published: April 2018

O objetivo geral do presente estudo foi estudar a estrutura de produção do Estado de Minas Gerais nos anos de 2002 a 2008, a partir da função Constant Elasticity of Substitution (CES), por meio de técnicas de dados em painel. Além disso, procurou-se averiguar quão importante é a participação destes insumos no crescimento econômico. Para isso, o modelo teórico baseou-se no teorema de Klump e La Grandville (2000). Os resultados sugerem que a função de produção para a economia mineira seja uma CES, além de indicarem que o valor da estimativa da elasticidade de substituição é superior à unidade. Isto é, um aumento no preço do fator mão de obra resultará em uma maior redução na quantidade do fator utilizada, o que acarretará uma queda na parcela deste fator na renda. Entretanto, quando a elasticidade de substituição é menor que um, as possibilidades de subs- tituição entre trabalho e capital tendem a reduzir-se quando o produto cresce. Assim pode-se dizer que ocorreu um processo substitutivo de mão de obra por capital, movido pelo processo de modernização produtiva recente. Desse modo, no longo prazo é possível que o Estado desfrute de maior renda per capita através da substituição de trabalho por capital.
An Integrated Apatite Geochronology and Geochemistry Tool for Sedimentary Provenance Analysis
Authors: O'Sullivan G. J. , Chew D. M. , Morton A. C. , Mark C. , Henrichs I. A.
Published: April 2018

Sediment provenance studies utilizing detrital geochronology are often limited by source‐rock non‐uniqueness with respect to mineral age. Thus, the development of integrated techniques which permit identification of source rock age and lithology are highly desirable. In this case study from the southern Massif Central, France, we target modern‐river sediment from the river Tarn to assess the utility of combined U‐Pb and multiple trace‐element geochemical analysis of detrital apatite as a provenance tool. The study area was chosen because the sediment source areas chiefly comprise a relatively simple mix of medium‐ to low‐grade Variscan metasediments and late Variscan granitoids, which should yield detrital apatite readily distinguishable by age, trace‐element chemistry, or both. Based on comparison with previously published apatite trace‐element data from metasedimentary rocks and granitoids, pelitic apatite in the river Tarn detritus is primarily distinguished by high Sr/Mn, light rare‐earth element depletion (LREE) and low actinide contents, whereas granitic apatite is characterized by much lower Sr/Mn, and high LREE and actinide abundances. These source rock determinations are highly consistent with apatite trace‐element data from Tarn tributaries that drain either predominantly metapelitic or granitoid catchments. U‐Pb analysis of detrital rutile was also undertaken on those catchments for comparative purposes. As pelitic and granitic apatite can be readily distinguished, samples that have experienced downstream sediment mixing can then be comprehensively characterized. Using this method we identify a source lithology for nearly every analyzed apatite grain in the river sediment, even though 59% of the analyzed grains do not yield reliable U‐Pb ages.
Understanding Paleomagnetic Rotations in Sicily: Thrust Versus Strike‐Slip Tectonics
Authors: Speranza Fabio , Hernandez‐Moreno Catalina , Avellone Giuseppe , Gasparo Morticelli Maurizio , Agate Mauro , Sulli Attilio , Di Stefano Enrico
Published: April 2018

The paleomagnetic investigation of the western Sicily Maghrebian belt has revealed since the 1970s that large clockwise rotations up to 140° with respect to the Hyblean‐African foreland occurred synchronous with Tertiary shortening of the chain. The observation that rotations decrease stepwise from internal to external tectono‐stratigraphic units led in the 1990s to a widely accepted model postulating that rotational thrust‐sheet emplaced during forward orogenic propagation. More recently, other authors suggested that clockwise rotations from Sicily are conversely the result of late orogenic dextral strike‐slip tectonics. Here we report on a paleomagnetic investigation of 30 Jurassic‐Eocene sedimentary sites sampled mainly across the WNW‐ESE Mt. Kumeta and Rocca Busambra ridges (Trapanese Unit), both bounded to the north by high‐angle reverse faults with dextral strike‐slip components. We find rotations of 110°–120° at faults of northern ridge margins, which decrease to 80°–90° at ~200 m to the south and rise again moving further south. Thus, an excess rotation of 20°–40° due to dextral‐strike‐slip shear is annulled to the regional rotational background of the Trapanese Unit at only 200 m from fault traces, translating to paleomagnetically calculated strike‐slip offsets not exceeding 600 m. Further north, seven sites sampled in the Imerese Unit, tectonically stacked above the Trapanese Unit, yield a ~130° rotation. Thus, our data confirm that CW rotations in Sicily are predominantly related to thrust‐sheet emplacement. Strike‐slip tectonics has very limited relevance and gives local rotations that fade out at only 200 m from fault planes.
Response to Comment by Zeebe and Tyrrell on “The Effects of Secular Calcium and Magnesium Concentration Changes on the Thermodynamics of Seawater Acid/Base Chemistry: Implications for the Eocene and Cretaceous Ocean Carbon Chemistry and Buffering”
Authors: Hain Mathis P. , Sigman Daniel M. , Higgins John A. , Haug Gerald H.
Published: April 2018

Key Points

Suspect parameters were changed to new reference

The main results of original study hold true

We demonstrate skill of MyAMI model, which is superior to existing correction factors
Magnetic Reconnection on Dayside Crustal Magnetic Fields at Mars: MAVEN Observations
Authors: Harada Y. , Halekas J. S. , DiBraccio G. A. , Xu S. , Espley J. , Mcfadden J. P. , Mitchell D. L. , Mazelle C. , Brain D. A. , Hara T. , Ma Y. J. , Ruhunusiri S. , Jakosky B. M.
Published: April 2018

The identification of magnetic reconnection on the dayside of Mars has been elusive owing to the lack of comprehensive plasma and field measurements. Here we present direct measurements of dayside in situ reconnection signatures by the comprehensive particles and fields package on board the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft over strong crustal magnetic fields in the southern hemisphere of Mars. During a crossing of a bifurcated current sheet consisting of northward and southward magnetic fields, MAVEN recorded (i) ionospheric photoelectrons trapped on closed magnetic field lines, (ii) Hall magnetic fields and a nonzero normal field with polarity consistent with a crossing northward of the X line, and (iii) northward Alfvénic ion jets. Dayside magnetic reconnection on crustal magnetic fields could control the global configuration and topology of the Martian magnetosphere and alter the ion escape pattern from the dayside ionosphere.
Intracellular free flavin and its associated enzymes participate in oxygen and iron metabolism in Amphibacillus xylanus lacking a respiratory chain
Authors: Kimata Shinya , Mochizuki Daichi , Satoh Junichi , Kitano Ken , Kanesaki Yu , Takeda Kouji , Abe Akira , Kawasaki Shinji , Niimura Youichi
Published: April 2018

Amphibacillus xylanus is a recently identified bacterium which grows well under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions and may prove useful for biomass utilization. Amphibacillus xylanus, despite lacking a respiratory chain, consumes oxygen at a similar rate to Escherichia coli (130–140 μmol oxygen·min−1·g−1 dry cells at 37 °C), suggesting that it has an alternative system that uses a large amount of oxygen. Amphibacillus xylanus NADH oxidase (Nox) was previously reported to rapidly reduce molecular oxygen content in the presence of exogenously added free flavin. Here, we established a quantitative method for determining the intracellular concentrations of free flavins in A. xylanus, involving French pressure and ultrafiltration membranes. The intracellular concentrations of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), flavin mononucleotide (FMN), and riboflavin were estimated to be approximately 8, 3, and 1 μm, respectively. In the presence of FAD, the predominant free flavin species, two flavoproteins Nox (which binds FAD) and NAD(P)H oxidoreductase (Npo, which binds FMN), were identified as central free flavin‐associated enzymes in the oxygen metabolic pathway. Under 8 μm free FAD, the catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of recombinant Nox and Npo for oxygen increased by approximately fivefold and ninefold, respectively. Nox and Npo levels were increased, and intracellular FAD formation was stimulated following exposure of A. xylanus to oxygen. This suggests that these two enzymes and free FAD contribute to effective oxygen detoxification and NAD(P)+ regeneration to maintain redox balance during aerobic growth. Furthermore, A. xylanus required iron to grow aerobically. We also discuss the contribution of the free flavin‐associated system to the process of iron utilization.
Relationship between adrenal steroid hormones in cord blood and birth weight: The Sapporo Cohort, Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children's Health
Authors: Mitsui Takahiko , Araki Atsuko , Goudarzi Houman , Miyashita Chihiro , Ito Sachiko , Sasaki Seiko , Kitta Takeya , Moriya Kimihiko , Cho Kazutoshi , Morioka Keita , Kishi Reiko , Shinohara Nobuo , Takeda Masayuki , Nonomura Katsuya
Published: April 2018

Objectives

We investigated the relationship between steroid hormone levels in cord blood and birth weight.

Methods

Among 514 participants in a prospective birth cohort study in Sapporo, the following hormone levels were measured in 294 stored cord blood samples from 135 males and 159 females: androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), cortisol, and cortisone. Birth weight information was obtained from medical records.

Results

Androstenedione/DHEA was significantly higher in males than in females, while DHEA was significantly higher in females. Birth weight was significantly higher in males than in females. Regarding cortisone, androstenedione/DHEA, and cortisone/cortisol, a correlation was observed with birth weight in males but not in females.

Conclusions

Prenatal adrenal steroids as well as converting enzymes such as 11ß‐hydrosteroid dehydrogenase type 2 and 3ß‐hydrosteroid dehydrogenase may have an impact on prenatal physical development.
Socio‐demographic differences in Colombian children's muscular fitness: Does scaling for differences in body size present a challenge to conventional thinking?
Authors: Nevill Alan M. , Sandercock Gavin , Duncan Michael J. , Lahart Ian , Correa‐Bautista Jorge Enrique , Ramirez‐Velez Robinson
Published: April 2018

Objectives

In low‐ to middle‐income countries, children from less‐deprived areas (from families of higher socio‐economic status [SES]) have superior muscular fitness than those from low‐SES groups. They are also taller and heavier, factors associated with muscular fitness. The purpose of this study was to identify any socio‐demographic differences in Colombian children's muscular fitness and examine how these conclusions can be modified by scaling for differences in body size.

Methods

A total of 38,098 youths (46% girls), ninth grade students (aged 14–15 years), participated in a study of cross‐sectional design. We recorded SES and family incomes, stature, and mass. Standing broad jump and handgrip strength were used to assess muscular fitness. A multiplicative allometric model was adopted to adjust for body‐size differences.

Results

Children from the mid‐ to high‐SES groups jumped significantly higher than children from the lowest SES group, although no SES group difference in grip strength was observed. After adjusting for body size, children from higher SES and with higher family incomes had significantly lower handgrip strength, and their superior jump height performances remained but were greatly reduced. Only children from the highest SES now jumped significantly higher that the lowest SES group.

Conclusions

The superior jump performance and no difference in handgrip strength of Colombian children from higher SES may simply reflect their superior physiques. When body size is accounted for, these differences are reduced or even reversed, suggesting that children from higher SES groups should not be complacent regarding their apparent superior muscular fitness.
“Go forth and wrestle with the legal system”: Some perceptions and experiences of lesbian parents in rural Australia
Authors: Bacchus Ruth
Published: April 2018

This study explores the perceptions and experiences of a small group of lesbian parents living in rural Australia, who discussed the decisions they made in creating their families, their expectations and understanding of their roles and relationships and their concepts of family and parenthood. The study also explores how these lesbian‐parented families have negotiated the complex legal frameworks under which they exist.
Completely Subradiant Multi‐Atom Architectures Through 2D Photonic Crystals
Authors: Galve Fernando , Zambrini Roberta
Published: April 2018

Following recent advances in the manipulation of atoms trapped near 1D waveguides and proposals to use surface acoustic waves on piezoelectric substrates for the same purpose, the potential of two‐dimensional platforms is shown. Directional emission of atoms near photonic crystal slabs with square symmetry is used, in the ideal case, to build perfect subradiant states of 2 distant atoms, possible in 2D only for finite lattices with perfectly reflecting boundaries. These allow the design of massively parallel 1D arrays of atoms above a single crystal, useful for multi‐port output of nonclassical light, by exploiting destructive interference of guided resonance modes. Directionality of the emission is shown to be present whenever a linear iso‐frequency manifold is present in the dispersion relation of the crystal. Multi‐atom radiance properties can be predicted from a simple cross‐talk coefficient of a master equation, in good agreement with exact atom‐crystal dynamics, showing its predictive power. Departing from the ideal theoretical case, possible experimental issues in photonic crystal implementations are also discussed, and an outlook of other relevant modern platforms for 2D propagation of excitations is given.
Direct Synthesis of a Covalent Triazine‐Based Framework from Aromatic Amides
Authors: Yu Soo‐Young , Mahmood Javeed , Noh Hyuk‐Jun , Seo Jeong‐Min , Jung Sun‐Min , Shin Sun‐Hee , Im Yoon‐Kwang , Jeon In‐Yup , Baek Jong‐Beom
Published: April 2018

There have been extensive efforts to synthesize crystalline covalent triazine‐based frameworks (CTFs) for practical applications and to realize their potential. The phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5)‐catalyzed direct condensation of aromatic amide instead of aromatic nitrile to form triazine rings. P2O5‐catalyzed condensation was applied on terephthalamide to construct a covalent triazine‐based framework (pCTF‐1). This approach yielded highly crystalline pCTF‐1 with high specific surface area (2034.1 m2 g−1). At low pressure, the pCTF‐1 showed high CO2 (21.9 wt % at 273 K) and H2 (1.75 wt % at 77 K) uptake capacities. The direct formation of a triazine‐based COF was also confirmed by model reactions, with the P2O5‐catalyzed condensation reaction of both benzamide and benzonitrile to form 1,3,5‐triphenyl‐2,4,6‐triazine in high yield.
O→S Relay Deprotection: A General Approach to Controllable Donors of Reactive Sulfur Species
Authors: Kang Jianming , Xu Shi , Radford Miles N. , Zhang Wenjia , Kelly Shane S. , Day Jacob J. , Xian Ming
Published: April 2018

Reactive sulfur species (RSS) are biologically important molecules. Among them, H2S, hydrogen polysulfides (H2Sn, n>1), persulfides (RSSH), and HSNO are believed to play regulatory roles in sulfur‐related redox biology. However, these molecules are unstable and difficult to handle. Having access to their reliable and controllable precursors (or donors) is the prerequisite for the study of these sulfur species. Reported in this work is the preparation and evaluation of a series of O‐silyl‐mercaptan‐based sulfur‐containing molecules which undergo pH‐ or F−‐mediated desilylation to release the corresponding H2S, H2Sn, RSSH, and HSNO in a controlled fashion. This O→S relay deprotection serves as a general strategy for the design of pH‐ or F−‐triggered RSS donors. Moreover, we have demonstrated that the O‐silyl groups in the donors could be changed into other protecting groups like esters. This work should allow the development of RSS donors with other activation mechanisms (such as esterase‐activated donors).
Electrochemical Aziridination by Alkene Activation Using a Sulfamate as the Nitrogen Source
Authors: Li Jin , Huang Wenhao , Chen Jingzhi , He Lingfeng , Cheng Xu , Li Guigen
Published: April 2018

The first direct aziridination of triaryl‐substituted alkenes was achieved by means of an electrochemical process that could extend to multisubstituted styrenes. Specifically, hexafluoroisopropanol sulfamate was used as a nucleophilic nitrogen source. Mechanistic experiments suggest that this electrochemical process proceeds by stepwise formation of two C−N bonds through reactions between cationic carbon species and the sulfamate.
Thiophene‐Fused‐Heteroaromatic Diones as Promising NIR Reflectors for Radiative Cooling
Authors: Chen Wangqiao , Song Yujie , Zhang Liying , Liu Ming , Hu Xiao , Zhang Qichun
Published: April 2018

Developing appropriate NIR‐reflective materials to combat near–infrared (NIR) heat radiation (700–2500 nm) from sunlight, avoiding energy accumulation and reduce energy consumption, is important and highly desirable. In this research, four thiophene‐fused‐heteroaromatic diones were used as basic reflectors to investigate the relationship between their intrinsic molecular structures and NIR‐reflective properties. The reflectance intensity can be readily tuned by adjusting the length of the appended aliphatic side chains, as well as the strength of the electron‐donating groups. A methoxy‐substituted thiophene‐fused‐heteroaromatic dione showed the best performance in reflecting NIR, and it was used as a coating for a model glass house. The comparison of the internal temperature difference relative to a control house was measured and the maximum temperature was 12 °C lower than that in the control house.
Preparation of pillared nanoporous bentonite and its application as catalyst support in dry reforming reaction
Authors: Daroughegi Mofrad Bahareh , Hayati‐Ashtiani Majid , Rezaei Mehran
Published: April 2018

Bentonite clays containing montmorillonite are a nanostructure family of the smectite and have several industrial applications, such as the carrier for the preparation of the nickel‐based catalysts for the syngas production via methane reforming with carbon dioxide. In this article, the physicochemical properties of the samples were determined by different analyses such as X‐ray fluorescence, X‐ray diffraction Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, thermal gravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, H2 temperature‐programmed reduction, and swell index. Four natural bentonites were studied, and the sample with the surface area of 38.2 m2 g−1, pore diameter of 8.15 nm, and the highest content of montmorillonite was selected for pillaring process with aluminum. The results demonstrated that the pillaring process significantly improved the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller area. The catalytic results also confirmed that the 10% Ni catalyst supported on pillared clay demonstrated higher catalytic performance and resistance against carbon deposition compared with the catalyst supported on natural clay in methane reforming with CO2 (dry reforming of methane reaction).
Iodine‐Mediated Direct Generation of o‐Quinone Methides at Room Temperature: A Facile Protocol for the Synthesis of ortho‐Hydroxybenzyl Thioethers
Authors: Basha R. Sidick , Chen Chia‐Wei , Reddy Daggula Mallikarjuna , Lee Chin‐Fa
Published: April 2018

An iodine‐mediated preparation of ortho‐quinone methides (o‐QMs) from ortho‐hydroxybenzyl alcohols by a C−O bond scission strategy is described. The in situ generated o‐QMs were then employed for C−S bond formation by thio‐Michael addition of thiols to provide the ortho‐hydroxybenzyl thioethers (o‐HBT) in moderate to excellent yields.
Advances in industrial biopharmaceutical batch process monitoring: Machine‐learning methods for small data problems
Authors: Tulsyan Aditya , Garvin Christopher , Ündey Cenk
Published: April 2018

Biopharmaceutical manufacturing comprises of multiple distinct processing steps that require effective and efficient monitoring of many variables simultaneously in real‐time. The state‐of‐the‐art real‐time multivariate statistical batch process monitoring (BPM) platforms have been in use in recent years to ensure comprehensive monitoring is in place as a complementary tool for continued process verification to detect weak signals. This article addresses a longstanding, industry‐wide problem in BPM, referred to as the “Low‐N” problem, wherein a product has a limited production history. The current best industrial practice to address the Low‐N problem is to switch from a multivariate to a univariate BPM, until sufficient product history is available to build and deploy a multivariate BPM platform. Every batch run without a robust multivariate BPM platform poses risk of not detecting potential weak signals developing in the process that might have an impact on process and product performance. In this article, we propose an approach to solve the Low‐N problem by generating an arbitrarily large number of in silico batches through a combination of hardware exploitation and machine‐learning methods. To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first article to provide a solution to the Low‐N problem in biopharmaceutical manufacturing using machine‐learning methods. Several industrial case studies from bulk drug substance manufacturing are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach for BPM under various Low‐N scenarios.
Being Real About Governance
Authors: Oliver Caroline
Published: April 2018

This article by Caroline Oliver, editor of Board Leadership, originally appeared in our January/February 2016 issue. She suggests that better governance would be served if we were more willing to face the limitations of our current understanding and practice, and we think this article conveys how passionately she felt about teaching and understanding the principles of governance. Here, she started the process of challenging herself on these limitations, and asks you to do the same.
Take steps to prevent, address sexual harassment in the workplace
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: April 2018

The #MeToo movement has likely placed higher ed administrators on high alert to raise awareness about the importance of preventing and addressing sexual harassment in the workplace.
Limit liability for medical marijuana use on campus
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: April 2018

CLEARWATER BEACH, FLORIDA — In just five years, an increasing number of states (at least 10) have approved the legalized recreational use of marijuana. Meanwhile, 29 other states, plus Washington, D.C., Puerto Rico, and Guam, have legalized medical marijuana. Nine of those states passed medical marijuana laws that include explicit anti‐discrimination protections for employees who hold a medical marijuana card. And 17 states allow some use of at least one component of the drug, such as THC, according to Katrina Chapman, Esq., a partner with Holland & Knight LLP.
Was a university liable for assaults at off‐campus fraternity?
Authors: Gelpi Aileen
Published: April 2018

Kansas State University student Sara Weckhorst attended a KSU fraternity party in 2014 at an off‐campus location known as “Pillsbury Crossing.” After she became extremely intoxicated, a fraternity member allegedly raped her, transported her to the fraternity's off‐campus house, and raped her again. In addition, another fraternity member also purportedly raped her at that time.
Neuroprotective Potential and Chemical Profile of Alternatively Cultivated Ganoderma lucidum Basidiocarps
Authors: Ćilerdžić Jasmina Lj. , Sofrenić Ivana V. , Tešević Vele V. , Brčeski Ilija D. , Duletić‐Laušević Sonja N. , Vukojević Jelena B. , Stajić Mirjana M.
Published: April 2018

Various neurodegenerative diseases are the main challenges to the modern medicine and there is a great need for novel, natural, neuroprotective agents. Ganoderma lucidum is a well‐known medicinal mushroom, which health benefits have been confirmed by numerous studies. As demand for its basidiocarps is increased and traditional cultivation on hardwoods is not environmentally friendly and economically justified, finding of alternative substrates is necessary. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of alternative cultivation substrates on the chemical profile of G. lucidum basidiocarps and their capacity to inhibit acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase, which higher activity is directly associated with neurodegenerative processes. Extracts of basidiocarps cultivated on alternative substrates, especially on clear wheat straw, showed significantly higher inhibition capacities than extracts of commercially‐grown ones. These extracts were considerably different chemically from commercial basidiocarps extracts and even nine new compounds were isolated from them. Our results suggest that cultivation substrate greatly affect the chemical profile and neuroprotective capacity of obtained basidiocarps and wheat straw is a promising cultivation substrate.
Dortmunder Stahlbau
Authors: Ungermann D. , Fischer M. , Brune B.
Published: April 2018

This article is not available for publication.
Design of web openings in composite beams
Authors: Lawson M.R.
Published: April 2018

This article is not available for publication.
Holz‐Beton‐Verbund – eine Erfolgsgeschichte?
Authors: Schänzlin J. , Gerold M.
Published: April 2018

This article is not available for publication.