bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measurements of nonlinear electric–acoustic interactions in liquids
Authors: Lirette Robert , Karpisz Tomasz , Musiał Małgorzata , Widegren Jason A. , Hagerstrom Aaron , Orloff Nathan , Stelson Angela C.
Published: July 2024

Electric and acoustic waves can interact nonlinearly inside a fluid medium. These interactions can create a heterodyned signal consisting of both sum and difference frequency products of the electric and acoustic frequencies. Here, we present direct measurements of nonlinear mixing products produced by interacting electric and acoustic waves inside of various fluids. The experiment consisted of a fluid channel that was in direct contact with an electrically conductive co-planar wave guide (CPW). An acoustic signal was applied to the channel via a transducer mounted above it, and simultaneously an electric signal was applied along the CPW from a vector network analyzer (VNA). The resulting signal was then measured with VNA set to frequency offset mode to capture the sum electric-acoustic mixing product. Results are presented for various organic solvents and salt solutions, each showing a different characteristic nonlinear response. This metrology allows for direct probing of non-linear effects in electrici–acoustic systems and could lead to the development of new spectroscopic methods for characterizing chemicals and solutions.
Structure of interferogram and hologram of non-moving source in presence of shallow water internal waves
Authors: Badiey Mohsen , Pereselkov Sergey A. , Kuz'kin Venedikt
Published: July 2024

The results of holographic signal processing of the oceanographic experiment SWARM-95 on the coast of New Jersey are presented in the paper. The used acoustic signals were obtained on stationary acoustic track (non-moving airgun source) in the presence of shallow water intensive internal waves (IIW). The IIW led to significant 3D acoustic effects [Badiey et al., JASA 117(2), 613–625]. Within framework of holographic signal processing [Pereselkov and Kuz’kin, JASA 151(2), 666–676] the source interferogram (sound intensity distributions in frequency-time coordinates) is analyzed by two-dimensional Fourier transform (2D-FT). The result of the 2D-FT is called the Fourier hologram (source hologram). In result of holographic signal processing, the two separated sets of spectral spots are obtained in hologram domain. The first set of spectral spots corresponds to sound field in nonperturbed waveguide (without of IIW). The second set of spectral spots in hologram corresponds to hydrodynamic field perturbation by IIW. This structure of the hologram allows the reconstruction of interferogram of nonperturbed field for waveguide in the absence of IIW. The error in the reconstruction of the nonperturbed interferogram is estimated. [Work supported by grant from the Russian Science Foundation 23-61-10024.]
Directional soundscapes in the Norwegian Seas observed with a coherent hydrophone array
Authors: Ghosh Arpita , Seri Sai Geetha , Mohebbi-Kalkhoran Hamed , Godø Olav Rune , Ahonen Heidi , Makris Nicholas C. , Makris Purnima R.
Published: July 2024

Directional soundscaping is an efficient approach for examining marine ecosystems since it allows the study of living organisms, their behavior, and temporo-spatial interactions with other natural and man-made objects underwater, useful for ecosystem monitoring during offshore energy activities, maritime surveillance, and defense. A large aperture coherent hydrophone array was employed for remote sensing in the Norwegian and Barents Seas in Spring 2014. Extensive analysis have been conducted in post-processing of recorded hydrophone array data for automatic detection, bearing estimation, and classification of signals by different sound producers, such as whale calls, ship radiated noise, and fish sounds. Directional soundscaping through passive ocean acoustic waveguide remote sensing (POAWRS) provides bearing-time trajectories of signal detections that can be applied for geographical mapping. The received marine mammal sounds include vocalizations from baleen whales such as humpback, fin, and minke, and toothed whales, such as beluga, pilot, and sperm. We provide an insight to the vocalizations and behaviorial patterns of these whales in the Lofoten and Northern Finmark regions. The relative contributions of distinct sound sources, including whales, fish, and ships, to the directional soundscapes are quantified. We also examine their temporo-spatial dependences via geographic mapping of acoustic signals from distinct sound producers.
A global transcriptional activator involved in the iron homeostasis in cyanobacteria
Authors: Liu Ling-Mei , Sun Chuan-Yu , Xi Yi-Cao , Lu Xiao-Hui , Yong Cheng-Wen , Li Shuang-Qing , Sun Qiao-Wei , Wang Xin-Wei , Mao You-Zhi , Chen Weizhong , Jiang Hai-Bo
Published: July 2024

Cyanobacteria use a series of adaptation strategies and a complicated regulatory network to maintain intracellular iron (Fe) homeostasis. Here, a global activator named IutR has been identified through three-dimensional chromosome organization and transcriptome analysis in a model cyanobacterium
Synechocystis
sp. PCC 6803. Inactivation of all three homologous IutR-encoding genes resulted in an impaired tolerance of
Synechocystis
to Fe deficiency and loss of the responses of Fe uptake–related genes to Fe-deplete conditions. Protein-promoter interaction assays confirmed the direct binding of IutR with the promoters of genes related to Fe uptake, and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis further revealed that in addition to Fe uptake, IutR could regulate many other physiological processes involved in intracellular Fe homeostasis. These results proved that IutR is an important transcriptional activator, which is essential for cyanobacteria to induce Fe-deficiency response genes. This study provides in-depth insights into the complicated Fe-deficient signaling network and the molecular mechanism of cyanobacteria adaptation to Fe-deficient environments.
Lupus IgA1 autoantibodies synergize with IgG to enhance plasmacytoid dendritic cell responses to RNA-containing immune complexes
Authors: Waterman Hayley R. , Dufort Matthew J. , Posso Sylvia E. , Ni Minjian , Li Lucy Z. , Zhu Chengsong , Raj Prithvi , Smith Kelly D. , Buckner Jane H. , Hamerman Jessica A.
Published: July 2024

Autoantibodies to nuclear antigens are hallmarks of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) where they contribute to pathogenesis. However, there remains a gap in our knowledge regarding how different isotypes of autoantibodies contribute to this autoimmune disease, including the production of the critical type I interferon (IFN) cytokines by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in response to immune complexes (ICs). We focused on IgA, which is the second-most prevalent isotype in serum and, along with IgG, is deposited in glomeruli in individuals with lupus nephritis. We show that individuals with SLE have serum IgA autoantibodies against most nuclear antigens, correlating with IgG against the same antigen. We investigated whether IgA autoantibodies against a major SLE autoantigen, Smith ribonucleoprotein (Sm/RNP), played a role in IC activation of pDCs. We found that pDCs expressed the IgA-specific Fc receptor, FcαR, and IgA1 autoantibodies synergized with IgG in RNA-containing ICs to generate robust primary blood pDC IFN-α responses in vitro. pDC responses to these ICs required both FcαR and FcγRIIa, showing synergy between these Fc receptors. Sm/RNP IC binding to and internalization by pDCs were greater when ICs contained both IgA1 and IgG. Circulating pDCs from individuals with SLE had higher binding of IgA1-containing ICs and higher expression of FcαR than pDCs from healthy control individuals. Although pDC FcαR expression correlated with the blood IFN-stimulated gene signature in SLE, Toll-like receptor 7 agonists, but not IFN-α, up-regulated pDC FcαR expression in vitro. Together, we show a mechanism by which IgA1 autoantibodies contribute to SLE pathogenesis.
Marine bacteria
Alteromonas
spp. require UDP-glucose-4-epimerase for aggregation and production of sticky exopolymer
Authors: Robertson Jacob M. , Garza Erin A. , Stubbusch Astrid K. M. , Dupont Christopher L. , Hwa Terence , Held Noelle A.
Published: July 2024

The physiology and ecology of particle-associated marine bacteria are of growing interest, but our knowledge of their aggregation behavior and mechanisms controlling their association with particles remains limited. We have found that a particle-associated isolate,
Alteromonas
sp. ALT199 strain 4B03, and the related type-strain
A. macleodii
27126 both form large (>500 μm) aggregates while growing in rich medium. A non-clumping variant (NCV) of 4B03 spontaneously arose in the lab, and whole-genome sequencing revealed a partial deletion in the gene encoding UDP-glucose-4-epimerase (
galEΔ
308–324). In 27126, a knock-out of
galE
(
ΔgalE
::km
r
) resulted in a loss of aggregation, mimicking the NCV. Microscopic analysis shows that both 4B03 and 27126 rapidly form large aggregates, whereas their respective
galE
mutants remain primarily as single planktonic cells or clusters of a few cells. Strains 4B03 and 27126 also form aggregates with chitin particles, but their
galE
mutants do not. Alcian Blue staining shows that 4B03 and 27126 produce large transparent exopolymer particles (TEP), but their
galE
mutants are deficient in this regard. This study demonstrates the capabilities of cell-cell aggregation, aggregation of chitin particles, and production of TEP in strains of
Alteromonas
, a widespread particle-associated genus of heterotrophic marine bacteria. A genetic requirement for
galE
is evident for each of the above capabilities, expanding the known breadth of requirement for this gene in biofilm-related processes.

IMPORTANCE

Heterotrophic marine bacteria have a central role in the global carbon cycle. Well-known for releasing CO2 by decomposition and respiration, they may also contribute to particulate organic matter (POM) aggregation, which can promote CO2 sequestration via the formation of marine snow. We find that two members of the prevalent particle-associated genus
Alteromonas
can form aggregates comprising cells alone or cells and chitin particles, indicating their ability to drive POM aggregation. In line with their multivalent aggregation capability, both strains produce TEP, an excreted polysaccharide central to POM aggregation in the ocean. We demonstrate a genetic requirement for
galE
in aggregation and large TEP formation, building our mechanistic understanding of these aggregative capabilities. These findings point toward a role for heterotrophic bacteria in POM aggregation in the ocean and support broader efforts to understand bacterial controls on the global carbon cycle based on microbial activities, community structure, and meta-omic profiling.
Segmentectomy for ground glass-dominant invasive lung cancer with tumour diameter of 2–3 cm: protocol for a single-arm, multicentre, phase III trial (ECTOP1012)
Authors: Chen Shiqi , Huang Qingyuan , Fu Fangqiu , Wang Zezhou , Zhang Yang , Chen Haiquan
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Previous studies demonstrated that wedge resection is sufficient for ground glass-dominant lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) with tumour diameter ≤2 cm, however, the optimal surgical type for ground glass-dominant LUAD with tumour diameter of 2–3 cm remains unclear. The purpose of this trial is to investigate the safety and efficacy of segmentectomy for ground glass-dominant invasive LUAD with tumour size of 2–3 cm.

Methods and analysis

We initiated a phase III trial to investigate whether segmentectomy is suitable for ground glass-dominant invasive LUAD with tumour size of 2–3 cm. This trial plans to enrol 307 patients from multiple institutions including four general hospitals and two specialty cancer hospitals over a period of 5 years. The primary endpoint is 5 year disease-free survival. Secondary endpoints are lung function, 5 year overall survival, the site of tumour recurrence and metastasis, segmentectomy completion rate, radical segmentectomy (R0 resection) completion rate and surgery-related complications.

Ethics and dissemination

This trial has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Centre (reference 2212267-18) and by the institutional review boards of each participating centre. Written informed consent is required from all participants. The study results will be published in a peer-reviewed international journal.

Trial registration number

NCT05717803.
Total brain volume is associated with severity of transverse sinus stenosis in idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Schartz Derrek , Finkelstein Alan , Akkipeddi Sajal Medha K , Kessler Alex , Williams Zoe , Vates Edward , Hauck Erik F , Fargen Kyle M , Bender Matthew T
Published: July 2024

Background

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a complex neurological condition characterized by symptoms of increased intracranial pressure of unclear etiology. While transverse sinus stenosis (TSS) is often present in patients with IIH, how and why it occurs remains unclear.

Methods

IIH patients and a set of age-matched normal controls were identified from our single-center tertiary care institution from 2016 to 2024. Brain MRIs before treatment were computationally segmented and parcellated using FreeSurfer software. Extent of TSS on MR venograms was graded using the Farb scoring system. Relationship between normalized brain volume, normalized brain-to-CSF volume, and TSS was investigated. Multiple linear regression was conducted to investigate the association between continuous variables, accounting for the covariates body mass index, sex, and age.

Results

In total, 84 IIH patients (mean age, 29.8 years; 87% female) and 15 normal controls (mean age, 28.1 years) were included. Overall, increasing/worsening TSS was found to be significantly associated with normalized total brain volume (p=0.018, R=0.179) and brain-to-CSF ratio volume (p=0.026, R=0.184). Additionally, there was a significant difference between controls and IIH patients with mild and severe stenosis regarding normalized total brain volume (ANCOVA, p=0.023) and brain-to-CSF ratio volume (ANCOVA, p=0.034). Likewise, IIH patients with severe TSS had a significantly higher brain-to-CSF volume compared with controls (p=0.038) and compared with IIH patients with mild TSS (p=0.038).

Conclusions

These findings suggest that total brain volume is associated with extent of TSS, which may reflect extramural venous compression due to enlarged brain and/or venous hypertension with associated cerebral congestion/swelling.
Complete meningioma resolution following endovascular embolization of chronic subdural hematoma
Authors: Dowlati Ehsan , Larson Elyza , Tierney Mark , Elias Augusto E , Figueroa Bryan E , Siddiqui Fazeel M , Pandey Aditya S
Published: July 2024

We present the first reported case that describes the complete resolution of a meningioma following endovascular embolization. A man in his 70s who presented with gait abnormalities and recurrent falls was diagnosed with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and found to have a small incidental meningioma. Due to ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placement for cerebrospinal fluid diversion, the patient developed a bilateral subdural hematoma (SDH) requiring evacuation and drain placement. The patient also underwent bilateral middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization. During the embolization, the known right frontal meningioma was embolized as it was supplied by the right MMA. The patient remained neurologically stable after this procedure. His follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 1 year and 2 years after the procedure demonstrated complete resolution of the meningioma.
Collaborative advance care planning in palliative care: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Seifart Carola , Koch Martin , Herzog Svenja , Leppin Nico , Nagelschmidt Katharina , Riera Knorrenschild Jorge , Timmesfeld Nina , Denz Robin , Seifart Ulf , Rief Winfried , Von Blanckenburg Pia
Published: July 2024

Objective

An effective tool for establishing concordant end-of-life (EOL) care in patients with cancer is advance care planning (ACP). However, various barriers, including psychological obstacles, hamper the access to ACP. Therefore, a new conceptual model combining a psycho-oncological approach with structured ACP was developed. The effectiveness and efficiency of this new concept of collaborative ACP (col-ACP) is evaluated in the present randomised controlled trial in patients with palliative cancer.

Methods

277 patients with palliative cancer and their relatives were randomised into three groups (1) collaborative ACP (col-ACP) consisting of a psycho-oncological approach addressing barriers to EOL conversations followed by a standardised ACP procedure, (2) supportive intervention (active control) and (3) standard medical care.

Results

Patients in the col-ACP group completed advance directives (p<0.01) and healthcare proxies (p<0.01) significantly more often. Additionally, they felt better planned ahead for their future treatment (p<0.01) and were significantly more confident that their relatives were aware of their treatment wishes (p=0.03). In fact, their goals of care were known and highly fulfilled. However, patients’ and caregivers’ quality of life, patients’ stress, depression and peace did not differ between the groups.

Conclusions

The new, well-received, concept of col-ACP improves readiness and access to ACP and results in more consistent EOL care. Further, even if no direct influence on quality of life could be proven, it supports patients in planning their treatment, making autonomous decisions and regaining self-efficacy in the face of life-limiting cancer. Therefore, a closer interlocking and information exchange between psycho-oncological and ACP services seems to be reasonable.

Trial registration number

NCT03387436.
A Design Pattern for a Single Reliable Addressing Wake-up Receiver Based on Low-Frequency Pattern Matcher
Authors: Cai Lili
Published: July 2024

Wake-up receivers (WuRxs) allow wireless sensor nodes to run on battery power while maintaining asynchronous, low-latency communication. This paper focuses on WuRxs based on low-frequency pattern matchers (LFPMs). Many recent studies either investigate physical WuRx implementations or simulate WuRx-based protocols. Our goal is to address the challenges that arise when realizing WuRx-based protocols in hardware. These challenges are, that a packet activates unwanted WuRxs, an unreliable address space, and missing cluster broadcast capabilities. The proposed separation sequences and run-length limited patterns ensure a reliable address space. WuRxs based on LFPMs use a fixed pattern matching. Cluster broadcasts are enabled by the proposed variable Manchester coding. Typically, LFPMs use Manchester coding with an efficiency of only 0.5 bit/symbol. We introduce two non-Manchester coding techniques with higher efficiency: lookup table-based coding with an efficiency of 0.71 and 3S2B coding with an efficiency of 0.67.
Sedimentary provenance of the Upper Devonian Old Red Sandstone of southern Ireland: an integrated multi-proxy detrital geochronology study
Authors: Fairey Brenton J. , Kerrison Aidan , Meere Patrick A. , Mulchrone Kieran F. , Zieger-Hofmann Mandy , Gärtner Andreas , Sonntag Benita-Lisette , Linnemann Ulf , Kuiper Klaudia F. , Ennis Meg , Mark Chris , Cogné Nathan , Chew David
Published: July 2024

The Devonian Old Red Sandstone (ORS) magnafacies of southern Ireland is hosted in the Early Devonian Dingle Basin and the Late Devonian Munster Basin. Following the closure of the Iapetus Ocean during the Caledonian Orogeny, the Dingle Basin developed as a pull-apart structure before being deformed by Acadian tectonic activity. The Munster Basin developed as a half-graben structure in response to post-Acadian north–south extension in the region. Thus, the Irish ORS provides insights into the region's tectonic history owing to its temporal and spatial proximity to the Caledonian (
c
. 475–425 Ma), Acadian (
c
. 400–390 Ma) and Variscan orogenic events (
c
. 390–290 Ma). This study presents the first detrital zircon and apatite U–Pb geochronological data for the Upper ORS (UORS) in southern Ireland in addition to detrital white mica
40
Ar/
39
Ar geochronological data to help unravel the depositional history of the Irish UORS and to assess the possible role of sedimentary recycling in Late Devonian basin development. Most UORS samples contain few late Neoproterozoic detrital zircon grains and are instead dominated by early Paleozoic and
c.
1.1 Ga zircons. These populations represent recycling of northerly-derived Ordovician to Silurian strata of the Southern Uplands–Longford–Down terrane, which are of Laurentian affinity, and not recycling of Lower ORS (which contains a significant number of late Neoproterozoic detrital zircons) as previously thought. Similar detrital zircon dates have been observed in Givetian–Frasnian quartzites of the Pulo do Lobo Zone on the Iberian Peninsula, providing a possible Rheic Ocean link with the UORS.
Towards Domain-Aware Stable Meta Learning for Out-of-Distribution Generalization
Authors: Sun Mingchen , Li Yingji , Wang Ying , Wang Xin
Published: July 2024

Deep learning models are often trained on datasets that are limited in size and distribution, which may not fully represent the entire range of data encountered in practice. Thus, making deep learning models generalize to out-of-distribution data has received a significant amount of attention in recent studies due to the critical importance of this ability in real-world applications. Meta learning as an effective knowledge transfer paradigm, which learns a base model with high generalization ability to adapt to new data distributions by minimizing domain shifts across tasks during meta-training. However, most existing meta learning methods assume that the base model can access the labels of different domains, and this assumption is demanding in many real application scenarios. In addition, these methods focus on narrowing data-level domain shifts, while ignoring task-level domain shifts, which may lead to inadequate or even negative transfer. Inspired by human learners who use induction to learn and master new tasks, we propose a novel domain-aware meta learning framework for out-of-distribution generalization, termed SMLG. This framework enables the base model to generalize effectively to unseen domains without relying on domain-specific labels. Specifically, we develop a domain-aware transformation module to obtain meta representation and pseudo domain labels. As a result, the base model can be trained robustly without the need for direct domain label input. Furthermore, to investigate the impact of domain shifts at different levels, we introduce a joint loss function that combines cross-entropy with a domain alignment constraint. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets demonstrate the efficacy of our framework.
De Novo Variant in the RPL27 Gene in a Second Infant with Diamond‐Blackfan Anemia
Authors: Glass Joshua , Weston Julia , Lewanda Amy Feldman , Majumdar Suvankar
Published: July 2024

We describe a 10‐month‐old female with Diamond‐Blackfan anemia (DBA) who presented with macrocytic anemia and reticulocytopenia. Whole exome sequencing revealed a de novo intronic variant in RPL27 (NM_000988.3:c.‐2‐1G > A p.?) previously reported in one individual with DBA. The existing literature suggests the RPL27 gene encodes for a ribosomal protein involved in pre‐rRNA processing and erythropoiesis. Further research is needed to assess the functional significance of this variant and its implications for genetic testing and therapeutic strategies. This case expands the clinical spectrum of RPL27‐associated DBA and highlights the importance of reclassifying this gene to likely pathogenic.
Oncogenic KRAS-Dependent Stromal Interleukin-33 Directs the Pancreatic Microenvironment to Promote Tumor Growth
Authors: Donahue Katelyn L. , Watkoske Hannah R. , Kadiyala Padma , Du Wenting , Brown Kristee , Scales Michael K. , Elhossiny Ahmed M. , Espinoza Carlos E. , Lasse Opsahl Emily L. , Griffith Brian D. , Wen Yukang , Sun Lei , Velez-Delgado Ashley , Renollet Nur M. , Morales Jacqueline , Nedzesky Nicholas M. , Baliira Rachael K. , Menjivar Rosa E. , Medina-Cabrera Paola I. , Rao Arvind , Allen Benjamin , Shi Jiaqi , Frankel Timothy L. , Carpenter Eileen S. , Bednar Filip , Zhang Yaqing , Pasca di Magliano Marina
Published: July 2024

Pancreatic cancer is characterized by an extensive fibroinflammatory microenvironment. During carcinogenesis, normal stromal cells are converted to cytokine-high cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). The mechanisms underlying this conversion, including the regulation and function of fibroblast-derived cytokines, are poorly understood. Thus, efforts to therapeutically target CAFs have so far failed. Herein, we show that signals from epithelial cells expressing oncogenic KRAS—a hallmark pancreatic cancer mutation—activate fibroblast autocrine signaling, which drives the expression of the cytokine IL33. Stromal IL33 expression remains high and dependent on epithelial KRAS throughout carcinogenesis; in turn, environmental stress induces interleukin-33 (IL33) secretion. Using compartment-specific IL33 knockout mice, we observed that lack of stromal IL33 leads to profound reprogramming of multiple components of the pancreatic tumor microenvironment, including CAFs, myeloid cells, and lymphocytes. Notably, loss of stromal IL33 leads to an increase in CD8+ T-cell infiltration and activation and, ultimately, reduced tumor growth.

Significance: This study provides new insights into the mechanisms underlying the programming of CAFs and shows that during this process, expression of the cytokine IL33 is induced. CAF-derived IL33 has pleiotropic effects on the tumor microenvironment, supporting its potential as a therapeutic target.
Supplementary Table S5 from The Effect of Exposure to Neighborhood Violence on Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling in Lung Tumors
Authors: Heath Hannah , Yoo Jin Y. , Akter Sabrina , Jain Atharva , Sharma Vani , McGee Hannah , Soliman Aiman , Mahmoud Abeer M. , Matthews Alicia K. , Winn Robert A. , Madak-Erdogan Zeynep , Kim Sage J.
Published: July 2024

Pathway analysis results of cluster 7 genes from Supplementary Figure 4A.
Supplementary Table S4 from The Effect of Exposure to Neighborhood Violence on Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling in Lung Tumors
Authors: Heath Hannah , Yoo Jin Y. , Akter Sabrina , Jain Atharva , Sharma Vani , McGee Hannah , Soliman Aiman , Mahmoud Abeer M. , Matthews Alicia K. , Winn Robert A. , Madak-Erdogan Zeynep , Kim Sage J.
Published: July 2024

Pathway analysis results of cluster 7 genes from Figure 4A.
Supplementary Table S1 from The Effect of Exposure to Neighborhood Violence on Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling in Lung Tumors
Authors: Heath Hannah , Yoo Jin Y. , Akter Sabrina , Jain Atharva , Sharma Vani , McGee Hannah , Soliman Aiman , Mahmoud Abeer M. , Matthews Alicia K. , Winn Robert A. , Madak-Erdogan Zeynep , Kim Sage J.
Published: July 2024

Genes correlated with exposure to neighborhood violence.
Supplementary Figure S3 from The Effect of Exposure to Neighborhood Violence on Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling in Lung Tumors
Authors: Heath Hannah , Yoo Jin Y. , Akter Sabrina , Jain Atharva , Sharma Vani , McGee Hannah , Soliman Aiman , Mahmoud Abeer M. , Matthews Alicia K. , Winn Robert A. , Madak-Erdogan Zeynep , Kim Sage J.
Published: July 2024

Magnitude of GR binding enrichment in tumor and normal tissue samples from patients in low compared to high-violence neighborhoods.
Supplementary Figure S2 from The Effect of Exposure to Neighborhood Violence on Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling in Lung Tumors
Authors: Heath Hannah , Yoo Jin Y. , Akter Sabrina , Jain Atharva , Sharma Vani , McGee Hannah , Soliman Aiman , Mahmoud Abeer M. , Matthews Alicia K. , Winn Robert A. , Madak-Erdogan Zeynep , Kim Sage J.
Published: July 2024

GR recruitment to chromatin in key genes correlated with neighborhood violence.
Supplementary Figure S1 from The Effect of Exposure to Neighborhood Violence on Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling in Lung Tumors
Authors: Heath Hannah , Yoo Jin Y. , Akter Sabrina , Jain Atharva , Sharma Vani , McGee Hannah , Soliman Aiman , Mahmoud Abeer M. , Matthews Alicia K. , Winn Robert A. , Madak-Erdogan Zeynep , Kim Sage J.
Published: July 2024

Heatmap and pathway analysis of genes correlated with neighborhood factors.
Endothelial Autophagy Promotes Atheroprotective Communication Between Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells via Exosome-Mediated Delivery of miR-204-5p
Authors: Tian Zhen , Ning Hua , Wang Xinyue , Wang Yu , Han Tianshu , Sun Changhao
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:

Cellular communication among different types of vascular cells is indispensable for maintaining vascular homeostasis and preventing atherosclerosis. However, the biological mechanism involved in cellular communication among these cells and whether this biological mechanism can be used to treat atherosclerosis remain unknown. We hypothesized that endothelial autophagy mediates the cellular communication in vascular tissue through exosome-mediated delivery of atherosclerosis-related genes.

METHODS:

Rapamycin and adeno-associated virus carrying
Atg7
short hairpin RNA under the Tie (TEK receptor tyrosine kinase) promoter were used to activate and inhibit vascular endothelial autophagy in high-fat diet–fed
ApoE

−/−

mice, respectively. miRNA microarray, in vivo and in vitro experiments, and human vascular tissue were used to explore the effects of endothelial autophagy on endothelial function and atherosclerosis and its molecular mechanisms. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and miRNA sequencing were performed to determine changes in miRNA expression in exosomes. Immunofluorescence and exosome coculture experiments were conducted to examine the role of endothelial autophagy in regulating the communication between endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) via exosomal miRNA.

RESULTS:

Endothelial autophagy was inhibited in thoracic aortas of high-fat diet–fed
ApoE

−/

−

mice. Furthermore, rapamycin alleviated high-fat diet–induced atherosclerotic burden and endothelial dysfunction, while endothelial-specific
Atg7
depletion aggravated the atherosclerotic burden. miRNA microarray, in vivo and in vitro experiments, and human vascular tissue analysis revealed that miR-204-5p was significantly increased in endothelial cells after high-fat diet exposure, which directly targeted
Bcl2
to regulate endothelial cell apoptosis. Importantly, endothelial autophagy activation decreased excess miR-204-5p by loading miR-204-5p into multivesicular bodies and secreting it through exosomes. Moreover, exosomal miR-204-5p can effectively transport to SMCs, alleviating SMC calcification by regulating target proteins such as RUNX2.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our study revealed the exosomal pathway by which endothelial autophagy protects atherosclerosis: endothelial autophagy activation transfers miR-204-5p from endothelial cells to SMCs via exosomes, both preventing endothelial apoptosis and alleviating SMC calcification.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.chictr.org.cn/
; Unique identifier: ChiCTR2200064155.
High-Sensitivity Troponin T, NT-proBNP, and Cognitive Outcomes in SPRINT
Authors: Haney Devin , Ma Yuan , Dalmacy Djhenne , Pajewski Nicholas M. , Hajjar Ihab , de Lemos James A. , Zhang Wenxin , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Ballantyne Christie M. , Nambi Vijay , Sattar Naveed , Killeen Anthony A. , Ix Joachim H. , Shlipak Michael G. , Berry Jarett D. , Ascher Simon B.
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:

Hs-cTnT (cardiac troponin T measured with a highly sensitive assay) and NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) may identify adults with hypertension who derive greater cognitive benefits from lower systolic blood pressure targets.

METHODS:

In the SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial) MIND study, participants were categorized as having both hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP in the lower 2 tertiles (n=4226), one in the highest tertile (n=2379), and both in the highest tertile (n=1506). We assessed the effect of intensive versus standard treatment on the composite of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or probable dementia (PD) across biomarker categories.

RESULTS:

Over a median follow-up of 5.1 years, 830 of 8111 participants (10.2%) developed MCI or PD. Participants in the highest biomarker category were at higher risk of MCI or PD compared with those in the lowest category (hazard ratio, 1.34 [95% CI, 1.00–1.56]). The effect of intensive treatment on reducing the risk of MCI or PD was greater among participants in the lowest biomarker category (hazard ratio, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.50–0.81]) than those in the intermediate (hazard ratio, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.80–1.28]) or highest categories (hazard ratio, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.72–1.13];
P
interaction
=0.02). The 5-year absolute risk differences in MCI or PD with intensive treatment were −2.9% (−4.4%, −1.3%), −0.2% (−3.0%, 2.6%), and −1.9% (−6.2%, 2.4%) in the lowest, intermediate, and highest biomarker categories, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

In SPRINT, the relative effect of intensive systolic blood pressure lowering on preventing cognitive impairment appears to be stronger among participants with lower compared with higher cardiac biomarker levels, though the absolute risk reductions were similar.
Trends and Factors Associated With Peripheral Vascular Interventions for the Treatment of Claudication From 2011 to 2022: A National Medicare Cohort Study
Authors: Dun Chen , Stonko David P. , Bose Sanuja , Keegan Alana C. , McDermott Katherine M. , Rumalla Kranti C. , Black James H. , Kalbaugh Corey A. , Makary Martin A. , Hicks Caitlin W.
Published: July 2024

Background

Previous cross‐sectional studies have identified wide practice pattern variations in the use of peripheral vascular interventions (PVIs) for the treatment of claudication. However, there are limited data on longitudinal practice patterns. We aimed to describe the temporal trends and charges associated with PVI use for claudication over the past 12 years in the United States.

Methods and Results

We conducted a retrospective analysis using 100% Medicare fee‐for‐service claims data to identify all patients who underwent a PVI for claudication between January 2011 and December 2022. We evaluated the trends in utilization and Medicare‐allowed charges of PVI according to anatomic level, procedure type, and intervention settings using generalized linear models. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to evaluate factors associated with different levels and types of PVI. We identified 599 197 PVIs performed for claudication. The proportional use of tibial PVI increased 1.0% per year, and atherectomy increased by 1.6% per year over the study period. The proportion of PVIs performed in ambulatory surgical centers/office‐based laboratories grew at 4% per year from 12.4% in 2011 to 55.7% in 2022. Total Medicare‐allowed charges increased by $11 980 035 USD/year. Multinomial logistic regression identified significant associations between race and ethnicity and treatment setting with use of both atherectomy and tibial PVI.

Conclusions

The use of tibial PVI and atherectomy for the treatment of claudication has increased dramatically in in ambulatory surgical center/office‐based laboratory settings, non‐White patients, and resulting in a significant increase in health care charges. There is a critical need to improve the delivery of value‐based care for the treatment of claudication.
Neighborhood Resources and Health Outcomes Among Stroke Survivors in a Population‐Based Cohort
Authors: Delhey Leanna M. , Shi Xu , Morgenstern Lewis B. , Brown Devin L. , Smith Melinda A. , Case Erin C. , Springer Mellanie V. , Lisabeth Lynda D.
Published: July 2024

Background

Stroke survivors believe neighborhood resources such as community centers are beneficial; however, little is known about the influence of these resources on stroke outcomes. We evaluated whether residing in neighborhoods with greater resource density is associated with favorable post‐stroke outcomes.

Methods and Results

We included Mexican American and non‐Hispanic White stroke survivors from the Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi project (2009–2019). The exposure was density of neighborhood resources (eg, community centers, restaurants, stores) within a residential census tract at stroke onset. Outcomes included time to death and recurrence, and at 3 months following stroke: disability (activities of daily living/instrumental activities of daily living), cognition (Modified Mini‐Mental State Exam), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire‐8), and quality of life (abbreviated Stroke‐Specific Quality of Life scale). We fit multivariable Cox regression and mixed linear models. We considered interactions with stroke severity, ethnicity, and sex. Among 1786 stroke survivors, median age was 64 years (interquartile range, 56–73), 55% men, and 62% Mexican American. Resource density was not associated with death, recurrence, or depression. Greater resource density (75th versus 25th percentile) was associated with more favorable cognition (Modified Mini‐Mental State Exam mean difference=0.838, 95% CI=0.092, 1.584) and among moderate–severe stroke survivors, with more favorable functioning (activities of daily living/instrumental activities of daily living=−0.156 [95% CI, −0.284 to 0.027]) and quality of life (abbreviated Stroke‐Specific Quality of Life scale=0.194 [95% CI, 0.029–0.359]).

Conclusions

We observed associations between greater resource density and cognition overall and with functioning and quality of life among moderate–severe stroke survivors. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and determine if neighborhood resources may be a tool for recovery.
Self‐Report Tool for Identification of Individuals With Coronary Atherosclerosis: The Swedish CardioPulmonary BioImage Study
Authors: Bergström Göran , Hagberg Eva , Björnson Elias , Adiels Martin , Bonander Carl , Strömberg Ulf , Andersson Jonas , Brunström Mattias , Carlhäll Carl‐Johan , Engström Gunnar , Erlinge David , Goncalves Isabel , Gummesson Anders , Hagström Emil , Hjelmgren Ola , James Stefan , Janzon Magnus , Jonasson Lena , Lind Lars , Magnusson Martin , Oskarsson Viktor , Sundström Johan , Svensson Per , Söderberg Stefan , Themudo Raquel , Östgren Carl Johan , Jernberg Tomas
Published: July 2024

Background

Coronary atherosclerosis detected by imaging is a marker of elevated cardiovascular risk. However, imaging involves large resources and exposure to radiation. The aim was, therefore, to test whether nonimaging data, specifically data that can be self‐reported, could be used to identify individuals with moderate to severe coronary atherosclerosis.

Methods and Results

We used data from the population‐based SCAPIS (Swedish CardioPulmonary BioImage Study) in individuals with coronary computed tomography angiography (n=25 182) and coronary artery calcification score (n=28 701), aged 50 to 64 years without previous ischemic heart disease. We developed a risk prediction tool using variables that could be assessed from home (self‐report tool). For comparison, we also developed a tool using variables from laboratory tests, physical examinations, and self‐report (clinical tool) and evaluated both models using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, external validation, and benchmarked against factors in the pooled cohort equation. The self‐report tool (n=14 variables) and the clinical tool (n=23 variables) showed high‐to‐excellent discriminative ability to identify a segment involvement score ≥4 (area under the curve 0.79 and 0.80, respectively) and significantly better than the pooled cohort equation (area under the curve 0.76,
P
<0.001). The tools showed a larger net benefit in clinical decision‐making at relevant threshold probabilities. The self‐report tool identified 65% of all individuals with a segment involvement score ≥4 in the top 30% of the highest‐risk individuals. Tools developed for coronary artery calcification score ≥100 performed similarly.

Conclusions

We have developed a self‐report tool that effectively identifies individuals with moderate to severe coronary atherosclerosis. The self‐report tool may serve as prescreening tool toward a cost‐effective computed tomography‐based screening program for high‐risk individuals.
Differences in Right Heart Function After Pulmonary Valve Replacement in Patients With Pulmonary Valve Stenosis Versus Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Egbe Alexander C. , Jain C. Charles , Abozied Omar , Burchill Luke J. , Younis Ahmed , Karnakoti Snigdha , Ahmed Marwan H. , Connolly Heidi M.
Published: July 2024

Background

There are limited data about the impact of timing of pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) on right heart reverse remodeling in patients with pulmonary regurgitation following intervention for isolated pulmonary valve stenosis (PS). This study compared differences in postprocedural right heart reverse remodeling after early versus late PVR (defined as PVR before versus after attainment of the conservative consensus criteria proposed by Bokma et al, 2018) in patients with prior intervention for PS, using patients with tetralogy of Fallot as the reference group.

Method and Results

Right atrial reservoir strain and right ventricular free wall strain was measured at baseline, 1 and 3 years after PVR. There were 114 patients with PS (early PVR, 87 [76%]; late PVR, 27 [24%]) and 291 patients with tetralogy of Fallot (early PVR, 197 [67%]; late PVR, 96 [33%]). The PS group had greater improvement in right atrial reservoir strain at 1 year (12%±4% versus 8%±4%;
P
<0.001) and 3 years (15%±6% versus 9%±6%;
P
<0.001), and a greater improvement in right ventricular free wall strain at 1 year (12%±4% versus 7%±3%,
P
=0.008) and 3‐years (16%±6% versus 12%±5%;
P
=0.01) after PVR compared with the tetralogy of Fallot group. There was no difference in right heart reverse remodeling between patients who underwent early versus later PVR within the PS group. In contrast, late PVR was associated with less right heart reverse remodeling within the tetralogy of Fallot group.

Conclusions

These data suggest that patients with palliated PS presenting pulmonary regurgitation have a more benign clinical course, and hence delaying PVR in this population may be appropriate.
First zoeal stage of the Indian Ocean hydrothermal vent crab, Austinograea rodriguezensis Tsuchida & Hashimoto, 2002 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Bythograeidae)
Authors: KIHARA TERUE CRISTINA , CLARK PAUL F. , MEYN KLAAS H.
Published: July 2024

First stage zoeas of the vent crab Austinograea rodriguezensis Tsuchida & Hashimoto, 2002 (Decapoda, Brachyura, Bythograeidae) were collected by a remotely operated vehicle from the Kairei Hydrothermal Vent, Central Indian Ridge, in January 2016 during the INDEX2016 cruise of the French registered RV Pourquoi Pas? The zoeal appendages are illustrated using confocal laser scanning microscopy and described. A comparison between first stage zoeal morphology of Gandalfus yunohana (Takeda, Hashimoto & Ohta, 2000) and A. rodriguezensis is made and, although remarkably similar, they can be distinguished by dorsal pleonal spinulation. Tdhe number of possible zoeal stages of A. rodriguezensis is discussed and considered to be four. Several deep-water brachyuran zoea 1 have been described with distinct elongated dorsal carapace and pleonal spinulation, including A. rodriguezensis, G. yunohana, Calocarcinus africanus Calman, 1909, Dorhynchus thomsoni Thomson, 1873. These are compared with the zoeas of three species of Geryoninae Colosi, 1924 for which the larval phases are described. These geryonine crabs are also deep-water species, but their zoeas are only described with rostral, dorsal and lateral carapace spines and are without the elongated dorsal spinulation of the carapace and pleomeres. This is attributed to the fact these geryonines have an extensive distribution range compared to those of A. rodriguezensis, G. yunohana, C. africanus and D. thomsoni, which are restricted to discrete habitats. The elongated dorsal spinulation of the carapace and pleomeres of these latter four species is attributed to the fact that the length of these spines increases the effective size of these without extra cost of growth and help the dispersal of the zoeal stages. Videos of A. rodriguezensis female behaviour with respect to aeration of eggs and the subsequent hatching near vent plumes are provided as supplementary information.
A new species of the genus Porirualia Huys & Mu, 2021 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Parastenheliidae) from the intertidal zone of Qingdao, China, with a key to species of the genus
Authors: MA LIN , WU YIHONG , LI XIN ZHENG
Published: July 2024

A new species belonging to the genus Porirualia Huys & Mu, 2021 was identified and described here based on samples collected from No. 1 Bathing Beach, Qingdao, China. The new species differs from Porirualia pyriformis mainly in the following characteristics: P3 and P4 exp-3 with three inner setae (two inner setae in P. pyriformis), ratio of length to maximum width of female P5 3.83 (3.25 in P. pyriformis). The new species differs from Porirualia megarostrum by the characters including rostrum reaching to distal margin of third segment of antennule (reaching to distal margin of fifth segment of antennule in P. megarostrum), ratio of length to maximum width of female P5 3.83 (2.2 in P. megarostrum); male P2 and P3 two-segmented (three-segmented in P. megarostrum); male P5 bearing five elements (six in P. megarostrum). This is the first report of the genus Porirualia from the China Seas. The DNA barcode (COI) sequence of the new species was obtained and submitted to GenBank (PP761118), which is the first submission of COI sequence of the family Parastenheliidae to GenBank.
Orcovita varungan n. sp. (Crustacea: Decapoda: Varunidae) from Muna Island, southern Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: NG PETER K. L. , NARUSE TOHRU
Published: July 2024

A new species of anchialine crab, Orcovita varungan n. sp., is described from Muna Island in southeastern Sulawesi, Indonesia. This is the second species of this genus known from Indonesia. The new species belongs to the same group of species as O. gracilipes P.K.L. Ng, Guinot & Iliffe, 1996 (from Niue) and O. mcneiceae N.K. Ng & P.K.L. Ng, 2002 (from Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia), with its members possessing a single epibranchial tooth, a prominent tuft of setae between the cheliped fingers of at least male, relatively longer and more slender ambulatory legs, and lacking obviously raised post-frontal lobes. Orcovita varungan n. sp., however, can easily be distinguished from O. gracilipes and O. mcneiceae by its relatively narrower carapace, proportionally longer ambulatory legs and structure of the male first gonopod.
A new species of freshwater crab of the genus Huananpotamon Dai & Ng, 1994 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamidae) from northern Jiangxi, China
Authors: WANG RUXIAO , PAN DA , SUN HONGYING
Published: July 2024

A morphologically distinct new species of Huananpotamon Dai & Ng, 1994, is described from Yugan County, Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province, China. The new species, H. amicitiae sp. nov., can be differentiated from its closest congeners by structure of the epibranchial tooth, external orbital angle and male first gonopod. A phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequences supports the recognition of the new species.
On a new, burrow-associated species of Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955 (Decapoda: Alpheidae) from the Indo-West Pacific
Authors: ANKER ARTHUR
Published: July 2024

A new alpheid shrimp, Salmoneus ngae sp. nov., is described based on two specimens collected on a near-shore, seagrass-rubble sandflat on the north-eastern coast of New Caledonia. The material from Lombok, Indonesia, previously reported as S. alpheophilus Anker & Marin, 2006, is reidentified as S. ngae sp. nov. The new species is a member of the informal S. gracilipes Miya, 1972 species group and appears to be a symbiont of spacious and complex burrows of the snapping shrimp Alpheus rapax Fabricius, 1798. Thus, S. ngae sp. nov. joins an ecological guild within the genus Salmoneus, which is composed of seven species associated with burrows of Alpheus spp. in various parts of the world and in different habitats.