bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oats as a Functional Food
Authors: Pallavi Dhavalagi , Hiremath Jayashri P. , . Madhusudan , . N.M.
Published: December 2021

Oat (Avena sativa) belongs to the grass (Poaceae) family. It has been recognized as a healthful and nutritious cereal containing high concentration of soluble fiber compounds such as β-glucan, which are beneficial for digestive system and preventive against colon rectal cancer help to maintain an optimal weight due to high fiber content. It also contains antioxidants, vitamins, phenolic acids sterols and phytic acid which has essential role in our body functioning. The key cholesterol lowering ingredient in oats is soluble fiber. β-glucans, the most important cereal non-starch. β-glucan, is abundant in oat kernels and exhibits a high viscosity at relatively low concentrations. Viscosity is an important rheological property of β-glucan and is associated with beneficial physiologic responses that mediate appetite regulation. Oats were traditionally eaten as porridge with salt or sugar were added recent modern product innovation has created an array of oat products (Oat breads, oat cakes and oats milk etc.). Oats are used as an additive in Cereal breakfast, baked goods, oat milk and oat powder is incorporated in many Dairy products like (low-fat ice creams, yoghurts, cheese and other fermented drinks). It is stated that 3 g/day oat β-glucan reduced the total and LDL cholesterol by five to ten per cent.
Investigating the relationship between social networks and social health of students
Authors: Ahmadian Maryam , Ferdosipour Atefeh
Published: December 2021

Social networks are new media and many people, especially students, are unfamiliar with various effects of these networks on their lives; hence, it seems necessary to conduct more research on their effects on students’ lives and health conditions. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between social networks and social health of a group of students. The study used a descriptive-correlational approach. The study population consisted of all the students at Islamic Azad University, East Tehran Branch, Iran, among whom 200 individuals were enrolled using simple random sampling method. Young’s Internet Addiction Test and Keyes’ Social Health Questionnaire were used to collect the data. The data was analyzed using one-sample t-test, Pearson correlation test, and regression analysis. Based on the findings, there was a significant relationship between the students’ social networking activities and their social health.
 
Keywords: Social health; social networks; new media
Bireylerin Kaygıları Covid-19 Salgınına Yönelik Algı ve Tutumlarını Etkiler mi?
Authors: KAÇAN Havva , ÖZTÜRK Ayfer , BAYRAM DEĞER Vasfiye
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışma pandemi sürecinde bireylerin anksiyete düzeyleri ile Covid-19 salgınına yönelik algı ve tutum düzeylerini saptamak, anksiyetenin Covid-19 salgınına yönelik algı ve tutum düzeylerine etkisini incelemek amacıyla planlanmıştır. Tanımlayıcı kesitsel tipte bir araştırma olup, Tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemiyle toplumda yaşayan 707 birey ile yapılmıştır. Veriler bireylerin tanımlayıcı özellikler ile Beck Anksiyete Ölçeği ve Covıd-19 Salgınına Yönelik Algı ve Tutumları Değerlendirme Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Bireylerin anksiyete puan ortalamaları düşük bulunmuş olup, anksiyete düzeyleri ile nedenler algısı ve kaçınma davranışları arasında pozitif yönlü, hastalık algısı ile negatif yönlü ilişki saptanmıştır. Multiple regresyon analizi sonuçlarına göre, anksiyete değişkeninin nedenler algısı ve kaçınma davranışları üzerinde pozitif yönlü yordayıcı etkisinin olduğu bulunmuştur. Koronavirüs Salgınına Yönelik Algı ve Tutum ölçeği ile anksiyete arasında güçlü ilişkiler gözlenmiştir. İnsanların COVID-19 salgınına yönelik algı ve tutumlarının psikososyal sorunlar ile ilişkisinin şiddeti ve doğasının iyi anlaşılması, olası sorunları önleyici sağlık politikala-rı geliştirmek için gereklidir. Dolayısıyla pandemiye yönelik algı ve tutumların değerlendirilmesi ve elde edilen sonuçlar üzerinden anksiyete, depresyon veya kişiler arası ilişkiler açısından incelemeler yapılması gerek uygulama alanında gerekse teorik alanda faydalı olacaktır.
Aplikasi Zeolit-KMnO4 dan Silica Gel untuk Memperpanjang Green Life Mangga Arumanis (Mangifera Indica L)
Authors: Khairunnisa Anita , Darmawati Emmy , Mariana Widayanti Siti
Published: December 2021

Mangoes are harvested when ripe have an "eating quality" that consumers are them in, but quickly reach the senescence phase, making it less profitable for businesses. As a climacteric fruit, the ripening process of mango can be slowed down by using an ethylene adsorber. This study aims to determine the combination of zeolite-KMnO4 and silica gel as ethylene adsorber (EAB) to maintain the green life of ripe The material used is ethylene adsorber (EAB) which is applied to mango arumanis which is packaged with a weight package of 1000±50 g. After the shelf life is reached, the EAB is removed from the packaging and the mangoes are left at room temperature for natural ripening and continued until conditions are not acceptable to consumers. The results showed that the EAB application was able to maintain the green life of mangoes by the scenario of the shelf life both at cold and room temperature storage. Natural ripening of mango was achieved 5 days and 2 days after EAB was removed from the packaging, for cold and room temperature storage, respectively. The length of time until the panellists did not receive it was 20 days for cold storage and 12 days for the room, while the control for cold storage was 6 and 3 days at room temperature
PENGARUH PERPUTARAN AKTIVA TETAP, HUTANG JANGKA PANJANG, DAN MODAL KERJA TERHADAP RETURN ON INVESTMENT
Authors: Nabhan Ubaidillah Dzaki , Tutuko Bambang , Kurniawan Herwin
Published: December 2021

This study aims to find out how the relationship between fixed assets turnover, long term debt, and working capital to Return on Investment (ROI). The sample in this study was 35 data consisting of five transportation companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2012-2018 using the purpose sampling method. Analysis of regression results was carried out after the model did not experience the symptoms of classical assumptions such as multicollinearity, autocorrelation, and heteroscedasticity. The research was processed using IBM SPSS Statistic software, 25,0. Based on the results of the study show that the fixed assets turnover partial shows a positive and significant value of the ROI with a value of tcount (10,699) > ttable (2,0395) and significance of 0,00 < 0,025. The next result shows that the partial long term debt negative and significant of the ROI with a value of tcount (-2,535) > -ttable (-2,0395) and significance of 0,016 < 0,025. Whereas, partially, significant working capital of the ROI  positive and significant value with tcount (2,228) > ttable (2,0395) with a significance of 0,023 < 0,025. Simultaneously have a positive and significant effect of the ROI  with Fcount (49,219) > Ftable (2,91) with a significant level of 0,000 <0,05.

Keywords: Fixed Assets Turnover, Long Term Debt, Working Capital, Return on Investment
THE EFFECT OF PROFITABILITY, LEVERAGE, COMPANY SIZE AND INDUSTRY TYPE ON SUSTAINABILITY REPORT ASSURANCE
Authors: Privika Hafindatama Akbar , Maharani Bunga , Irmadariyani Ririn
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTThis study aims to analyze the effect of profitability, leverage, company size and type of industry on the assurance of sustainability reports in companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2017-2019. This research is a quantitative research. The sample selection was carried out using purposive sampling method. The data used is secondary data obtained from the company website and from the IDX website. The data population in this study are all companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2017-2019. The sample is 27 companies. The results showed that profitability, leverage and type of industry had no effect while firm size had an effect on the assurance of sustainability reports.Keywords: assurance, leverage, size, sustainabilityABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh profitabilitas, leverage, ukuran perusahaan dan jenis industri terhadap assurance laporan berkelanjutan pada perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode 2017-2019. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari website perusahaan dan dari website BEI. Populasi data dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) tahun 2017-2019. Sampel penelitian adalah 27 perusahaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa profitabilitas, leverage dan jenis industri tidak berpengaruh sedangkan ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh terhadap assurance laporan keberlanjutan.Kata kunci: assurance, keberlanjutan, leverage, ukuran
PENGARUH KEKAYAAN DAERAH, TINGKAT KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT, DAN KUALITAS LAPORAN KEUANGAN TERHADAP INTERNET FINANCIAL REPORTING
Authors: Melati Mega , Handayani Dian Fitria
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine of the effect of regional wealth, level of public welfare, and quality of financial reports on Internet Financial Reporting (IFR) for Regency/City Governments on the island of Sumatera in the 2019 fiscal year. Internet Financial Reporting in this study was measured based on the availability of financial information in accordance with the Instruction of the Minister of Home Affair No. 188.52/1797/SJ 2012. This study used a purposive sampling technique, the sample in this study includes 130. Financial reports data and GRDP/per capita income were obtained through the official website of the BPK and BPS, while the IFR data was obtained through the website of each local government for the year 2019 and processed by multiple linear regression using SPSS. The results show that regional wealth has a significant positive effect on the implementation of Internet Financial Reporting. While the level of community welfare and quality of financial reports do not have effect on the implementation of Internet Financial Reporting. This paper gives a comprehensive literature survey on the effect of the regional wealth, level of public welfare, and quality of financial reports on the Internet Financial Reporting in regional government on the Island of Sumatera.Keywords: Community Welfare, Internet Financial Reporting, Local Government, Regional Wealth, Quality of Financial Reports

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kekayaan daerah, tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat, dan kualitas laporan keuangan terhadap Internet Financial Reporting (IFR) Pemerintah Kabupaten/Kota di Pulau Sumatera Tahun Anggaran 2019. Pelaporan Keuangan Internet dalam penelitian ini diukur berdasarkan ketersediaan informasi keuangan sesuai dengan Instruksi Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 188.52/1797/SJ 2012. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 130 orang. Data laporan keuangan dan PDRB/pendapatan per kapita diperoleh melalui website resmi BPK dan BPS, sedangkan data IFR diperoleh melalui website masing-masing pemerintah daerah selama tahun 2019 dan diolah dengan regresi linier berganda menggunakan SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kekayaan daerah berpengaruh positif terhadap penerapan Internet Financial Reporting. Sedangkan tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat dan kualitas laporan keuangan tidak berpengaruh terhadap implementasi Internet Financial Reporting. Tulisan ini memberikan kajian literatur yang komprehensif tentang pengaruh kekayaan daerah, tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat, dan kualitas laporan keuangan terhadap Internet Financial Reporting pada pemerintah daerah di Pulau Sumatera.Kata Kunci: Kekayaan Daerah, Kesejahteraan Masyarakat, Kualitas Laporan Keuangan, Pelaporan Keuangan Internet, Pemerintah Daerah
Unia Europejska jako promotor wartości na arenie międzynarodowej
Authors: Kalicka-Mikołajczyk Adriana
Published: December 2021

Na podstawie art. 3 ust. 5 Traktatu o Unii Europejskiej (TUE) na Unię Europejską (UE) nałożony został obowiązek umacniania i propagowania swoich wartości na arenie międzynarodowej.Wartości te wymienione są w postanowieniach art. 2 TUE; zgodnie z nimi „Unia opiera się na wartościach poszanowania godności osoby ludzkiej, wolności, demokracji, równości, państwaprawnego, jak również poszanowania praw człowieka”. Następnie zostały one powtórzone w postanowieniach art. 21 ust. 1 TUE jako zasady działań zewnętrznych UE. W postanowieniachniniejszego ustępu możemy przeczytać, że działania UE na arenie międzynarodowej oparte są na zasadach, które leżą u podstaw jej utworzenia i rozwoju, oraz które zamierza wspierać na świecie:demokracji, państwa prawnego, powszechności i niepodzielności praw człowieka i podstawowych wolności, poszanowania godności ludzkiej, zasad równości i solidarności oraz poszanowania zasadKarty Narodów Zjednoczonych oraz prawa międzynarodowego. Niniejszy artykuł zawiera propedeutyczną analizę działań UE na arenie międzynarodowej mających na celu promowaniewartości w relacjach z podmiotami trzecimi. Jego zasadniczym celem jest udzielenie odpowiedzi na następujące pytania: czym są wartości i jaką rolę pełnią w unijnym porządku prawnym, orazw jaki sposób UE wywiązuje się z nałożonego na nią obowiązku polegającego na promowaniu wartości na arenie międzynarodowej.
Rękojmia należytego prowadzenia apteki w rozumieniu przepisów ustawy Prawo farmaceutyczne (wybrane zagadnienia)
Authors: Jabłoński Mariusz , Jarosz-Żukowska Sylwia
Published: December 2021

W opracowaniu podjęto próbę przedstawienia najważniejszych problemów dotyczących praktyki udzielania zezwolenia na prowadzenie apteki. Ocenie poddane zostały ustawowe przesłankirozpoczęcia działalności, uzyskania zezwolenia i jego cofnięcia, w tym zwłaszcza wymóg posiadania rękojmi należytego prowadzenia apteki przez przedsiębiorcę i farmaceutę (kierownika apteki).
Glosa do wyroku SN z dnia 21 sierpnia 2019 roku, I CSK 349/18 — uwagi o konieczności doręczenia oświadczenia woli adresatowi w wymaganej formie szczególnej
Authors: Górska Katarzyna
Published: December 2021

Przedmiotem glosy jest wyrok SN z dnia 21 sierpnia 2019 roku, I CSK 349/18, w którym wypowiedziany został pogląd, zgodnie z którym „jeżeli pod rygorem nieważności wymagasię, w stosunku do określonego oświadczenia woli składanego innej osobie, zachowania formy szczególnej w postaci pisma, to dla przyjęcia, że zostało ono złożone i wywołało skutki prawne konieczne jest doręczenie adresatowi oryginału pisma zawierającego to oświadczenie woli”. Mimo że zdanie to wpisuje się w stanowisko, które dominuje zarówno w judykaturze, jak i w piśmiennictwie,autorka glosy zwraca uwagę na potrzebę weryfi kacji argumentów, jakie doprowadziły do jego ukształtowania. W tym celu analizuje motywy wskazane w uzasadnieniu wyroku, w tym równieżprzywołane w nim stanowisko SN wyrażone w uchwale z dnia 20 lutego 1967 roku, III CZP 88/66. Ostatecznie dochodzi do wniosku, że kategoryczność glosowanej tezy jest nieuzasadniona. Przemawiaza tym nie tylko brak konkretnego przepisu, z którego wynikałby obowiązek doręczenia adresatowi oświadczenia woli w takiej formie, jaka pod rygorem nieważności jest wymagana dojego złożenia, ale również wzgląd na wykładnię funkcjonalną przepisów o składaniu oświadczeń woli. Autorka zwraca uwagę, że kopia pisma obejmującego oświadczenie woli zabezpiecza w pełniinteres adresata wyrażający się w możliwości pełnego zaznajomienia się z faktem złożenia tego oświadczenia i jego treścią.
Prawo a sprawiedliwość w procesie sądowej interpretacji norm prawa do świadczeń rodzinnych
Authors: Kościuk Dominik J.
Published: December 2021

Artykuł ma na celu zwrócenie uwagi na problem „omijania” przez sądy administracyjne literalnej treści przepisów prawa i koncentrowania się na idei sprawiedliwości i równości. Problemten jest szczególnie widoczny w odniesieniu do problematyki świadczeń społecznych. Prowadzić może do zaburzenia poczucia jednolitości i jasności prawa wśród obywateli.
Plato, fetters round the neck, and the Quran
Authors: Holbrook Victoria Rowe
Published: December 2021

I analyze fi gures and themes of Plato’s “Allegory of the Cave” evident in chapter thirty-six of the Quran. I argue that the two texts share (1) a neck fetter fixing the head; (2) a spatial organization of barriers before and behind and covering above; (3) a theme of failure to see the truth and assault upon those who tell the truth, and (4) a theme of transcendent reality as a context of meaning. I argue that the Quran displays an inheritance of some Platonic thought in Arabic at least two centuries prior to any known translation of Plato.
Nazwy powinności feudalnych, opłat i danin w akcie przekazania zamku w Ostrogu na Wołyniu z 1542 roku
Authors: Kaczmarczyk Beata
Published: December 2021

Podstawą źródłową artykułu jest akt przekazania zamku w Ostrogu na Wołyniu z 1542 roku wpisany do Metryki Koronnej nr 65. Rękopiśmienny dokument zawiera interesujące słownictwo dotyczące kultury materialnej i społeczno-gospodarczej opisywanych terenów. W artykule przedstawiono tę część leksyki, która służyła nazywaniu powinności feudalnych, danin i opłat. Obok terminów powszechnie używanych w tym czasie w Polsce omówiono także wyrazy rzadkie i formy regionalne, charakterystyczne dla ziem litewsko-ruskich, które wcześniej w opracowaniach leksykograficznych nie zostały udokumentowane dla XVI wieku.
Na szczycie wulkanu. O wyprawach na Heklę i Snæfellsjökull w XVIII i XIX wieku
Authors: Jakubczyk Radosław
Published: December 2021

The present paper gives an overview of the history of climbing on Hekla and Snæfellsjökull, Iceland’s most famous volcanoes, in the 18th and 19th centuries. In the Middle Ages and early modern period, Hekla was compared to the gates of hell due to its frequent and violent eruptions. Snæfellsjökull was considered a supernatural space and a domain of Bárður, the eponymous hero of Bárðar saga Snæfellsáss. The author analyses a wide range of sources: Reise igiennem Island by Bjarni Pálsson and Eggert Ólafsson (who reached the summits of Hekla and Snæfellsjökull in 1750 and 1754, respectively), British (from Banks to Burton) and French (from Gaimard to Labonne) travelogues, Ida Pfeiffer’s journals (who was the first foreign woman to climb Hekla).
Autorytarne formy władzy a realizacja prawa do cywilnoprawnej ochrony prawnoprocesowej przez obywateli w okresie PRL
Authors: Marszałkowska-Krześ Elwira
Published: December 2021

The study describes the functions of civil procedure as a legal instrument from the times of the socialist authoritarian state of the People’s Republic of Poland. The positions expressed in the doctrine regarding the purpose and principles of conducting civil proceedings, regulated in the Act of 16 November 1964, Code of Civil Procedure, which was adopted during the authoritarian power of the dominant political party of the Polish United Workers’ Party, were presented. Provisions of procedural law, dating back to the authoritarian rule of democratic socialism in the People’s Republic of Poland, were intended to provide protection for the socialized economy and to enable the state to control civil-law relations. Civil proceedings were intended to guarantee the possibility of protecting not only the rights of the individual, but also, or rather first and foremost, of the units of the socialized economy, as well as of the disputes that might arise in connection with relations between the state and its citizens, and between citizens. This principle required the authorities conducting civil proceedings to ensure adequate legal and procedural protection in the event that a party or participant in the proceedings was a unit of the socialized economy. Civil proceedings in which  the court, within its powers, could interfere with the legal sphere of an individual in connection with the conferral of discretionary power, was another legal tool and instrument allowing the state to influence private-law relations. In addition, the authoritarianism of the state power at that time was also manifested in this.
Obowiązek posiadania dowodu osobistego i funkcje dowodów pod rządami dekretu z dnia 22 października 1951 roku o dowodach osobistych oraz w czasach współczesnych
Authors: Tomaszewska Katarzyna
Published: December 2021

The fulfilment of basic civic duties has always entailed the need for individuals to bear certain responsibilities. Their weight varies depending on the content of the obligation itself and the political system of the state in which the obligation is fulfilled. Such a claim is fully justified if we consider the obligation to have an identity card, defined by the content of the Decree of 22 October 1951 and the Act of 6 August 2010 on Identity Cards. The analysis of the above-mentioned regulations allows for: emphasizing the obligation’s character as a basic civic duty, recalling the differences in the actual occurrence and social perception of ailments related to the implementation of the obligation to have an identity card in the times of the Polish People’s Republic and in the 21st century, while referring to the similarities and differences resulting from the visual aspects and functionality of contemporary and historical ID cards.
Wpływ ideologii totalitarnych na konstrukcje prawne stosowane w zakresie ograniczania autonomii woli jednostki na przykładzie modeli wiązania wzorców umownych
Authors: Skory Maciej
Published: December 2021

The paper aims to examine the influence of totalitarian ideologies on the issue of the mechanism of binding contractual standard forms. Although totalitarian ideologies mainly influence the situation of an individual through the norms of criminal law and administrative law (public law in its broadest sense), private law — especially in its theoretical aspect involving accepted legal constructs — is also influenced by the political doctrines dominant at a given time. As it seems, this also applies to such a technical and far-from-political model as that of contractual binding. It turns out that also in this area totalitarian concepts found room for restricting the scope of individual freedom. This is indicated by a certain correlation between the development of views on the nature of contractual forms and the mechanism of their binding and the intensification or weakening of totalitarian tendencies. Such a conclusion can be derived from the historical analysis of the views represented by the main representatives of French and German doctrine from the mid-19th to the mid-20th century.
Publicznoprawne instrumenty „demokracji walczącej” w polskim systemie prawa
Authors: Janiak Piotr
Published: December 2021

The Polish system of public law has legal mechanisms that reflect the idea of ​​a militant democracy, assuming the need to equip the democratic system with instruments that will allow it to defend itself against actions aimed at its annihilation. They appear both on the constitutional level and in the acts of administrative and criminal law. As a result, the problem of the instruments of militant democracy becomes an interdisciplinary issue. The conducted analysis shows that the instruments in question, in spite of appearances, have a lot in common. Their use causes similar problems, the source of which are, among others, disputes arising around the concepts of Nazism, fascism, communism and totalitarianism.
Prokurator jako organ nadzoru penitencjarnego — od pełnej kontroli do utraty pozycji organu postępowania wykonawczego
Authors: Kalisz Tomasz
Published: December 2021

This paper discusses the evolution of the position and role of the prosecutor in the course ofshaping the institution of penitentiary supervision. Penitentiary supervision is the process of examining (controlling) the activities of the bodies established to carry out isolation measures, combined with the possibility of assistance, influence and modification of this activity. In the past, the scope of the prosecutor’s influence on the functioning of the broadly understood criminal justice system was much greater. The evolution from prosecutor supervision, through prosecutor–court supervision, to the current model of only judicial supervision, is an interesting example of a clash between two competing participants in criminal proceedings. Judicial penitentiary supervision has turned out to be more effective, and, above all, it is a guarantee of lawful and humane execution of imprisonment and pre-trial detention. The prosecutor’s supervision, especially in the period after the adoption of the 1969 Executive Penal Code, did not enjoy the same prestige as that of a judge. Prosecutors are not an independent body like judges and it was difficult to consider their decisions fully impartial. The study is a historical analysis. The time range is determined by two important normative regulations. The beginning is the decree of the Chief of State of 8 February 1919 on temporary prison regulations, where the term penitentiary supervision (performed only by a prosecutor) appears for the first time in Polish legislation. The closing date is the adoption on 6 June 1997 of the Executive Penal Code, introducing only judicial penitentiary supervision and removing it from the scope of prosecutors’ powers.
Quiet eye studies in sport within the motor accuracy and motor error paradigms
Authors: Vickers Joan N.
Published: December 2021

This paper reveals new insights that comes from comparing quiet eye (QE) studies within the motor accuracy and motor error paradigms. Motor accuracy is defined by the rules of the sport (e.g,. hits versus misses), while motor error is defined by a behavioral measure, such as how far a ball or other object lands from the target (e.g. radial error). The QE motor accuracy paradigm treats accuracy as an independent variable and determines the QE duration during an equal (or near-equal) number of hits and misses per condition per participant, while the motor error QE paradigm combines hits and misses into one data set and determines the correlation between the QE and motor error, which is used as a proxy for accuracy. QE studies within the motor accuracy paradigm consistently find a longer QE duration is a characteristic of skill, and/or interaction of skill by accuracy. In contrast, QE motor error studies do not analyze or report the relationship between the QE duration and accuracy (although often claimed), and rarely find a significant correlation between the QE duration and error. Evidence is provided showing the absence of significant results in QE motor error studies is due to the low number of accurate trials found in motor error studies due to the inherent complexity of all sport skills. Novices in targeting skills make fewer than 20% of their shots and experts less than 40% (with some exceptions) creating imbalanced data sets that make it difficult, if not impossible, to find significant QE results (or any other neural, perceptual or cognitive variable) related to motor accuracy in sport.
Whitening and Moisturizing Effects of Hydrolyzed Swiftlet Nest Extracts
Authors: Kim Yun Jeong , Goh Ye Sol , Cheung Waiting , Kim Yong Sam , Lee Hyunsang
Published: December 2021

Purpose: This research verified the skin whitening and moisturizing effects of hydrolyzed swiftlet nest extracts (HSNE) in vitro using human keratinocytes and melanoma.Methods: To confirm the antioxidant effect of HSNE, DPPH radical-scavenging activity was measured. To find out the whitening effect of HSNE, the genes related to melanogenesis, mRNA expression of tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase related protein (TRP) 1, 2 and microphthalmia associated transcription factor (MITF) were measured. We also measured the melanin contents after treatment of HSNE to confirm the anti-melanogenesis effect. Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the genes related to moisturizing such as aquaporin (AQP) 3, hyaluronan synthase (HAS) 1, 2, and 3 were determined. The results of the tests were analyzed with student’s t-test and expressed as mean±standard deviation.Results: DPPH radical scavenging effects of HSNE increased in a concentration dependent manner. The expression of melanogenesis-related genes were inhibited by the treatment of HSNE in a concentration-dependent manner (MITF, TYR, TRP1, and 2). Melanin contents also decreased with the treatment of HSNE. The expression of moisturizing-related genes (HAS1, 2, 3, and AQP3) increased in a concentration-dependent manner.Conclusion: It is confirmed that the hydrolyzed swiftlet nest extracts have skin whitening and moisturizing effects and can be used as a functional cosmetic raw material.
Conventional and Islamic Letter of Credit: Comparison and Implementation
Authors: Puneri Atharyanshah
Published: December 2021

This study attempts to provide the insight about payment method in international trade, especially by using Letter of Credit both conventional way and Islamic way. This study is exploratory and using qualitative method of research. This study reviews and analyses the previous literatures and other secondary data to conduct the study. The secondary data for this research were gathered through library research. This study also doing the document analysis. Based on the data collected, Letter of Credit is the most secured and commonly used as the method of payment for International Trade. But a lot of contents on the Conventional Letter of Credit is not Shariah-compliant. Islamic Financial Institutions around the world trying to comes up with Islamic Letter of Credit, but to implementing Islamic Letter of Credit creates some new issues and challenges. This study attempts to provide the insight about payment method in international trade, especially by using Letter of Credit both conventional way and Islamic way.
The story of one formula
Authors: Kovtun A. S. , Demianenko O. O.
Published: December 2021

This article aims to represent the diversity of approaches applicable to a certain mathematical problem – Stirling’s approximation was chosen here to achieve the mentioned goal. The first section of the work gives a sight of how the formula appeared, from the derivation of an idea to a publication of the strict results. Further, we provide readers with six different proofs of the approximation. Two of them use methods from calculus and mathematical analysis such that properties of logarithmic function and definite integral as well as representing functions as power series. The other two apply the Gamma function due to its connection with the notion of the factorial, namely Γ(n) = n!, n ∈ N. The last two have a probabilistic idea in their core: both of them combine Poisson distributed random variables with Central Limit Theorem to yield the desired formula. Some of the given proofs are not mathematically rigorous but rather give a sketch of a strict proof. Having all the results we assert that this story can be a good example of the variety of methods that can be used to solve one mathematical problem, even though all the listed proofs use only basic knowledge from several mathematical courses.
Keywords: Stirling’s formula; factorial; Taylor series
The obvious — the incredible. Moebius tape
Authors: Konovalova N. R.
Published: December 2021

The attraction to mathematics and mathematical abilities are manifested at a fairly early age.But these abilities must be developed systematically and skillfully. The path to mathematical sciencelies not through memorizing mathematical rules, but through conscious comprehension of mathemat-ical facts.If you ask any mathematician why he loves this science, he will most likely answer: “Because itis beautiful.” A little imagination and skills – and you can turn an ordinary tape into fascinatingworks of art, incredible inventions, even try to make unusual trips on it.The purpose of the article is to interest young lovers of mathematics. The article is based on aspeech to students of the Junior Academy of Sciences of Kyiv region.
Повышение разрешающей способности РЛС по дальности путем обработки синтезированных измерений в стробах дальности
Authors: Клочко Владимир Константинович , Мойбенко Виктор Иванович , Ермаков А. А.
Published: December 2021

Предложены методика и алгоритм повышения разрешающей способности РЛС по дальности, основанные на увеличении числа стробов дальности, их расположении в определенном порядке и оптимальной обработке амплитуд сигналов отражения, полученных в этих стробах.
Строгий анализ алгоритмов обнаружения сигналов неизвестной длительности
Authors: Евграфов Дмитрий Викторович
Published: December 2021

Найдено строгое выражение для показателей качества асимптотически оптимальных алгоритмов обнаружения сигналов неизвестной длительности через распределение абсолютного максимума дифференцируемого в среднеквадратическом процесса. С этой целью известное выражение для распределения абсолютного максимума стационарного процесса было обобщено на нестационарные дифференцируемые в среднеквадратическом процессы. Показано, что последнее является решением дифференциального уравнения первого порядка.
Планарный ТЕМ фильтр с кольцевым резонатором
Authors: Данилов Вадим Васильевич , Скрипка Сергей Леонидович , Нечипорук Алексей Юрьевич
Published: December 2021

Рассмотрена возможность создания планарного фильтра с кольцевым резонатором на основе волнового канала, основной модой которого является ТЕМ мода. Приведены результаты компьютерного моделирования электродинамических процессов, происходящих в структуре фильтра, проведенные с использованием Finite–Difference Time Domain метода.
Повышение скрытности хаотических сигналов при передаче бинарных сообщений
Authors: Костенко Павел Юрьевич , Симоненко Сергей Николаевич , Семенов Сергей Генадьевич , Васюта Константин Станиславович
Published: December 2021

Предложен метод внесения бинарного сообщения в хаотическую несущую, повышающий скрытность систем передачи информации за счет разрушения характерного для хаотических процессов поведения на фазовой плоскости. Получен алгоритм восстановления передаваемого сообщения и оценено его качество для различного уровня сигнал/шум.
Критерий исчезновения режима циклических колебаний в системе ФАПЧ
Authors: Самойло К. А. , Федосова Т. С.
Published: December 2021

Изложен новый метод определения границы режима циклических колебаний в системе фазовой автоподстройки частоты с прямоугольной характеристикой фазового детектора. На основании полученных выражений может быть точно рассчитана полоса захвата системы ФАПЧ с фильтрами низкой частоты любого порядка.
Возможность компенсации некоторых амплитудных искажений в преобразователях временного масштаба
Authors: Черницер В. М. , Карпенко Л. Ф. , Маркович Игорь Ильич
Published: December 2021

При подаче синусоидального сигнала на вход преобразователя временного масштаба (ПВМ) сигнал на выходе будет иметь вид последовательности радиоимпульсов. Известно [I], что спектр последовательности сигналов можно рассматривать как произведение двух спектров: спектра одного сигнала из последовательности S0(jf), который называют фактором формы, и спектра последовательности единичных импульсов R(jf), который называют фактором повторения. Положение главных максимумов модуля фактора формы |S0(f)| зависит от частоты входного сигнала f3 и коэффициента преобразования (транспонирования) Kт. Положение главных максимумов модуля фактора повторения |R(f)| определено периодом повторения пачек радиоимпульсов на выходе ПВМ — Тп. Следовательно, в общем случае максимумы |S0(f)| и |R(f)| могут не совпадать…
Характеристики корреляционного алгоритма при обнаружении детерминированных сигналов в шумах с гамма-распределением
Authors: Латышев В. В.
Published: December 2021

Как известно, корреляционный метод выделения сигналов в шумах является одним из наиболее распространенных, и корреляционные приемники, вследствие их простоты, часто применяются и в случаях, когда шумы не являются гауссовыми, хотя при этом их нельзя считать оптимальными. Анализ таких приемников, если помеха не подчиняется гауссову распределению, представляет собой довольно сложную задачу, требующую, как правило, значительных усилий. По этой причине часто реальные помехи полагают гауссовыми, что существенно упрощает расчеты…
The Effect of Invigoration Using Polyethylene Glycol And Ultra Fine Bubble on Improving of Sengon Seeds (Falcataria Moluccana Miq.) Quality After Two Years Storage
Authors:   Institut Pertanian Bogor, Siregar Iskandar , Ramdhani Riki ,   Institut Pertanian Bogor, Rustam Evayusvita ,   Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Perbenihan Tanaman Hutan, Sudrajat Dede ,   4Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Perbenihan Tanaman Hutan
Published: December 2021

Utilization of seeds storage results in decreased plant productivity. The increase can be used by treating seeds before planting through the technique of invigoration. This purpose of the study is to assess the effectiveness of invigoration methods using polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) and ultrafine bubbles (UFB) to improve viability and vigor of sengon seeds (Falcataria moluccana). Seed agieng using 96 % ethanol was carried out to obtain the diversity of seedlot viability as the materials for testing the effectiveness of invigoration treatments. A complete random design was used to test the effectiveness of 5 invigoration treatments, i.e., seed without invigoration treatment, soaking in PEG 6000 -0.8 Mpa, soaking in PEG 6000 -1.2 Mpa, soaking in UFB water injected by environmental air, and soaking in UFB water injected by oxygen 99 %, with soaking time is 24 hours for each treatment. Seed agieng resulted three classes of seed viability, i.e. 62 % (initial seed), 83 % (seed agieng for 30 minutes) and 57 % (seed agieng for 60 minutes). In the condition of seed germination before treatment (DBA) 57 % and DBA 62%, invigoration treatments were significantly affected on seed germination capacity, but not significantly different in DBA 83 %. The soaking treatment of UFB injected by oxigen 99 % was able to improve the germination parameters (germination capacity, germination rate, and vigor index) on the sengon seeds with DBA 57 %. For seeds with DBA 62 %, the soaking treatment in UFB injected by environmental air was provided the best germination capacity, T50, and vigor index. The treatment of UFB injected by oxygen 99 % was more effective to improve the seed with very low viability and vigor (DBA 57 %). In general, improving of seed viability and vigor is more effective by using UFB than PEG 6000.
Tree Biomass Estimation in Karst Forest of West Papua, Indonesia
Authors:   Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Rozak Andes , Destri Destri , Mutaqien Zaenal
Published: December 2021

Indonesia is estimated to have 14,5 million hectares of karst areas. The characteristic of karst vegetation is specific, one of which is the dominance of small trees. With all of the potency, their vegetation acts as a significant carbon sequester and store it in biomass. This study aims to estimate and discuss biomass estimation in the karst forest within the Nature Recreational Park of Beriat, a protected area in South Sorong, West Papua. A total of 28 plots were made in the forest using the purposive random sampling method. Tree biomass (DBH ≥10 cm) was estimated using five different allometric equations. The results showed that the biomass was estimated at ca. 264 Mg ha-1 (95 % CI: 135-454 Mg ha-1). While small trees (DBH 10 – 30 cm) only contribute 30 % of the total biomass, about 38 % of the biomass is the contribution of large trees (DBH >50 cm), where Pometia pinnata contributes ca. 39 % of the biomass at plot-level. The use of various allometric equations results in different biomass estimates and biases with deviations ranged from -14.78 % to +17.02 % compared to the reference equation. Therefore, the selection of allometric equations used must be considered carefully to reduce uncertainties in biomass estimation.
Clinical Characteristics, Genetic Findings and Arrhythmic Outcomes of Patients with Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia from China
Authors: Lee Sharen , Leung Justin , Zhou Jiandong , Jeevaratnam Kamalan , Lakhani Ishan , Radford Danny , Coakley-Youngs Emma , Pay Levent , Çinier Göksel , Altinsoy Meltem , Mahmoudi Elham , Matsuik Pawel , Bazoukis George , Garcia-Zamora Sebastian , Zeng Shaoying , Chen Ziliang , Xia Yunlong , Liu Tong , Tse Gary
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a rare cardiac ion channelopathy. The aim of this study is to examine the genetic basis and identify predictive factors for arrhythmic outcomes of CPVT patients from China. Methods: PubMed and MedRxiv were systematically searched for case reports or case series reporting on CPVT patients from China. Clinical characteristics, genetic findings and primary outcome of spontaneous ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF) were analyzed. Results: A total of 56 (median presentation age=9 [6-13] years old) patients were included. All patients except for one presented at or before 19 years of age. Fifty-three patients (94.6%) were initially symptomatic. PVCs were present in 40 out of 45 patients (88.9%) and VT in 51 out of 56 patients (91.1%). Genetic tests were performed in 50 patients (89.3%). RyR2, CASQ2 and TERCL mutations were found in 32 (57.1%), 11 (19.6%) and one (0.02%) patients, respectively. Fifty patients were treated with beta-blockers, eight patients received flecainide, four patients received amiodarone, two received verapamil and one received propafenone. Sympathectomy (n=10) and implantable-cardioverter defibrillator implantation (n=7) were performed. On follow-up, 17 patients developed incident VT/VF. Conclusion: This is the first systemic review and meta-analysis of CPVT patients from China. Most patients had symptoms on initial presentation, and around a third had VT as the presenting complaint. RyR2 mutation accounts for more than half of the CPVT cases, followed by CASQ2 and TERCL mutations. Some of these mutations have not been hitherto reported outside of China. Most patients received β-blocker therapy. Around 18% had sympathectomy and 13% had ICDs implanted.
Fanconi Anemia Patients from an Indigenous Community in Mexico Carry a New Founder Pathogenic Variant in FANCG
Authors: Reyes Pedro , García-deTeresa Benilde , Juárez Ulises , Pérez-Villatoro Fernando , Fiesco-Roa Moisés O , Rodríguez Alfredo , Molina Bertha , Villarreal-Molina Maria Teresa , Melendez-Zajgla Jorge , Carnevale Alessandra , Torres Leda , Frias Sara
Published: December 2021

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder caused by pathogenic variants (PV) in at least 22 genes, which cooperate in the FA/BRCA pathway to maintain genome stability. PV in FANCA, FANCC, and FANCG account for most cases (~90%). This study evaluated the chromosomal, molecular, and phenotypic findings of a novel founder FANCG PV, identified in three patients with FA from the Mixe community of Oaxaca, Mexico. All patients presented chromosomal instability and a homozygous PV, FANCG: c.511-3_511-2delCA, identified by next-generation sequencing analysis. Bioinformatics predictions suggest that this deletion disrupts a splice acceptor site promoting the exon 5 skipping. Analysis of Cytoscan 750K arrays for haplotyping and global ancestry supported the Mexican origin and founder effect of the variant, reaffirming the high frequency of founder PV in FANCG. The degree of bone marrow failure and physical findings (described through the acronyms VACTERL-H and PHENOS) were used to depict the phenotype of the patients. Despite having a similar frequency of chromosomal aberrations and genetic constitution, the phenotype showed a wide spectrum of severity. The identification of a founder PV could help for a systematic and accurate genetic screening of patients with FA suspicion in this population.
Influence of Probable Precipitation Futures on Strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa): Results from a Simulated Rainfall Experiment
Authors: Schattman Rachel E. , Smart Alicyn , Birkel Sean , Jean Haley , Barai Kallol , Zhang Yong-Jiang
Published: December 2021

It is well established that the interacting effects of temperature and precipitation will alter agroecological systems on a global scale. These shifts will influence the fitness of specialty crops, specifically strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa), an important crop in the Northeastern United States. In this study, four precipitation scenarios were developed that are representative of current and probable-future growing season precipitation patterns. Using a precipitation simulator, we tested these scenarios on potted day neutral strawberries. This study generated four primary results: (1) though treatments received different amounts of precipitation, little difference was observed in soil volumetric water content or temperature. However, treatments designed to simulate future conditions were more likely those designed to simulate current conditions to have higher nitrate-in-leachate (N-leachate) concentrations; (2) neither total precipitation nor seasonable distribution were associated with foliar or root disease pressure; (3) while there was a slightly higher chance that photosynthetic potential and capacity would be higher in drier conditions, little difference was observed in the effects on chlorophyll concentration, and no water stress was detected in any treatment; and (4) leaf biomass was likely more affected by total rather than seasonal distribution of precipitation, but interaction between changing rainfall distribution and seasonal totals is likely to be an important driver of root biomass development in the future.
Herzog Vindicated: Integrative Taxonomy Reveals that Trichostomum brachydontium (Pottiaceae, Bryophyta) Comprises Several Species
Authors: Ros Rosa M. , Werner Olaf , Porley Ron D.
Published: December 2021

The morphologically variable moss Trichostomum brachydontium is very common in south and west Europe, particularly under Mediterranean and Atlantic climates. A morphological study was conducted alongside a molecular phylogenetic study based on nr ITS and cp rbcL regions in order to assess if T. brachydontium is an exceptionally polymorphic species as evidenced by the number of described infraspecific taxa from the last century or, alternatively, if it includes more than one species, and if so, to find the valid name for them. Phylogenetic analyses of both nuclear and chloroplast datasets show that there are four well-supported clades. While the ITS based tree is in good agreement with the morphological data, there are a few inconsistencies with reference to the rbcL tree; this may be explained by incomplete lineage sorting or by hybridization. The morphological survey revealed well-defined discriminate differences between the four phylogenetic lineages. The taxonomic conclusions include the recognition of four species: T. brachydontium s.s., T. herzogii (a new name proposed for var. cuspidatum), T. littorale and T. meridionale (a new name proposed for var. densum). Lectotypes are designated for T. brachydontium and T. littorale. Our results underline the ongoing need of integrative studies to examine further the underestimated diversity of the T. brachydontium complex in other regions.