bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penetapan Awal Bulan Qamariyah dalam Perspektif Maqashid Al-Shari'ah
Authors: Fauzan Ahmad
Published: May 2019

Penentuan Awal bulan Qamariyah khususnya pada bulan Ramdhan, Idhul Fitri dan Idhul Adha menjadi menarik karena akan ada perbedaan waktu dalam pelaksanaannya. Perbedaan tersebut memunculkan perdebatan antara pemerintah, ormas-ormas dan penganut lainnya. Hampir setiap tahun, di Indonesia terjadi perbedaan dalam penetapan awal Ramadhan dan Syawal. Perbedaan lebaran misalnya, terjadi pada masa Orde Baru pasca hadirnya Badan Hisab dan Rukyat (BHR), yaitu pada tahun 1985, 1992, 1993, dan 1998. Perbedaan ini kembali terulang pada tahun 2002, 2006, 2007, 2010 dan 2011. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kecenderungan terjadinya perbedaan disebabkan oleh ketinggian hilal dan pendekatan dalam menentukan bulan baru. Menurut MaqÄá¹£id Al-shariâ€™ah (Jasser Audah) dengan metodenya yaitu nature cognitive, interrelated, wholeness, openess, multi dimentionality dan purposefulness  memberikan solusi jika diterapkan dalam penentuan awal bulan Qamariyah sehingga akan menemukan titik temu dalam kemaslahatan yang lebih besar. Tulisan ini berpendapat bahwa pemerintah masih lemah dan kurang tegas dalam memutuskan waktu yang harus diikuti secara bersama tanpa terkecuali. Seharunsya pemerintah sebagai representasi imam atas rakyatnya mempunyai kewajiban, Yaitu pertama, untuk  memfasilitasi dan mendukung pelaksanaan ibadah secara totalitas; Kedua, merupakan bentuk tanggung jawab negara kepada rakyatnya untuk menciptakan kebersamaan, dengan meminimalkan perbedaan  pendapat dan konflik. Ketiga, mengupayakan terwujudnya kemaslahatan bersama dengan memberbarui kereteria sebagaimana yang dikenal dengan kreteria LAPAN (maslaá¸¥at â€˜Ämmah).
Authors: Khasanah Karimatul
Published: May 2019

Artikel ini mengkaji Fatwa No.15/DSN-MUI/IX/2000 tentang Prinsip Distribusi Hasil Usaha dalam Lembaga Keuangan Syariah,  dimana menurut fatwa ini LKS dapat memilih dua sistem bagi hasil usaha, yaitu profit sharing dan revenue sharing. Hal yang menarik di fatwa ini adalah pada poin kedua menyatakan “Dilihat dari segi kemaslahatan (al-ashlah), saat ini pembagian hasil usaha sebaiknya digunakan prinsip bagi hasil (Net Revenue Sharing)”. Kata “kemaslahatan” dan “sebaiknya” sepertinya memberikan pengaruh besar terhadap sistem distribusi bagi hasil yang dipilih oleh Lembaga Keuangan Syariah saat ini. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari, belum ada Lembaga Keuangan Syariah yang memilih sistem profit sharing dalam hal distribusi bagi hasil usaha. Dengan menggunakan kajian kritis terhadap teori distribusi bagi hasil menurut prinsip syariah, menunjukkan bahwa sistem revenue sharing tidak mencerminkan keadilan kepada para pihak yang bertransaksi, dan prinsip profit sharing lebih mencerminkan keadilan. Oleh karena itu, rekomendasinya fatwa No.15/DSN-MUI/IX/2000 perlu direkonstruksi, dengan menghapus keseluruhan poin kedua yang terdapat dalam ketentuan umum. Perubahan sedikit substansi yang ada di poin kedua fatwa ini, akan besar pengaruhnya terhadap aktivitas dan prinsip yang dipilih oleh LKS ke depan.
Maqasid Al-Syariâ€™ah Mazhab Syafiâ€™i dan Urgensinya dalam Ijtihad Kontemporer
Authors: Rohman Holilur
Published: May 2019

This paper is intended to find aspect of maqasid al-syariâ€™ah in the Mazhab Syafi`i and urgency of the maqasid al-syariâ€™ah of Mazhab Syafi`i in the Ijtihad of contemporary Islamic legal. This paper is a literature study, and is a descriptive - analytical study. The study in this paper shows that the aspect of maqasid al-syariâ€™ah 'in the Mazhab Syafi'i is: Imam Shafi'i uses qiyas, Al-Juwaini contributes to the division of al-maslahah al-daruriyyah, al-hajiyyah, and al-tah si niyyah, then additional explanation of Al-Ghazali about al-daruriyyah al-khams which became basic footing in establishing Islamic law. maqasid al-syariâ€™ah 'in the Mazhab Syafi'i as a foundation for ijtihad is used when a new event occurs that has no legal decision at all in the past and there needs to be legal certainty, or there has been a decision but it needs re-ijtihad because it is not appropriate with the current conditions, or ijtihad is re-done because there are different aspects of benefit so it needs a new law that is different from the previous law
PEMAKNAAN RASISME DALAM FILM (ANALISIS RESEPSI FILM GET OUT)
Authors: Ghassani Adlina , Nugroho Catur
Published: May 2019

Movie is one form of mass communication media which often enjoyed by people. The movie Get Out that is directed by Jordan Peele shows about how is the act of white people discrimination towards black people. This research uses the qualitative method with descriptive type and uses Stuart Hall’s reception analysis approach. Reception analysis views the active audiences which are the viewers and readers to produce and reproduce the meaning in an impression of a media. The purpose of this research is to describe audiences’ interpretation and to know the position of the audiences according to Stuart Hall’s three readership position towards the movie Get Out that shows racism. This research uses paradigm of constructivism. The result of this research shows that audiences meaning of the movie Get Out towards the four informants generates different meaning and out of seven scene analysis units studied, the audiences’ position in their acceptance of the racism in the movie Get Out is dominated by oppositional position. There are also some informant that are in dominant hegemonic position. Where in each scene contains different racism material.

 

Keywords: Communication; Reception Analysis; Film
ULTRASOUND CONTRAST-ENHANCED STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY WITH MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION FOR FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT OF INTERMEDIATE STENOSIS IN THE LEFT ANTERIOR DESCENDING CORONARY ARTERY IN PATIENT WITH PREMATURE VENTRICULAR COMPLEXE
Authors: Bessonov I. S. , Krinochkin D. V. , Kuznetsov V. A. , Dyakova A. O. , Khorkova N. Y. , Galeeva N. A. , Takkand A. A.
Published: May 2019

The presence of the intermediate stenosis (30 to 50% of arterial diameter) according to coronary angiography in patients with premature ventricular complexes often represents a complicated clinical task and requires additional confirmation of myocardial ischemia. The present clinical case demonstrates the opportunities and potential benefits of contrast-enhanced stress echocardiography with assessment of myocardial perfusion in diagnosing the hemodynamic significance of the intermediate lesion of the left anterior descending artery in patient with premature ventricular complexes.
A Note on Modified Pell Polynomials
Authors: KARAASLAN Nusret
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we
study the modified Pell polynomials. We first give the proof of the generating
function of these polynomials. We then give the proof of the Binet formula for
the modified Pell polynomials, which gives the th modified Pell
polynomial. We also obtain some summation formula for these polynomials. In
addition, we investigate some well-known identities including Catalan, Cassini,
d’Ocagne and Gelin-Cesaro identities involving the modified Pell polynomials.
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM INFORMASI PEMBIAYAAN PERJALANAN DINAS PADA DINAS KESEHATAN KOTA PEMATANGSIANTAR
Authors: Girsang Ajeng Christin
Published: May 2019

Didalam suatu instansi pemerintah perjalanan dinas merupakan suatu kegiatan yang sangat sering dilakukan oleh pegawai ataupun pejabat dalam instansi tersebut. Sehingga sangat diperlukannya laporan pertanggungjawaban dari setiap  anggaran yang telah dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah untuk membiayai perjalanan dinas tersebut. Dalam mengolah anggaran dan membuat laporan keuanga Dinas Kesehatan Kota pematangsiantar menggunakan microsoft excel yang menurut penulis kurang efektif dalam penggunaanya. Sehingga salah cara untuk mengatasi hal tersebut penulis merancang suatu sistem menggunakan aplikasi Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 sebagai bahasa pemrograman dan juga menggunakan My Sql sebagai penyimpanan database. Didalam penulisan perancangan ini penulis menggunakan metode perancangan sistem seperti DFD,ERD Normalisasi dan RAT.
RANCANG BANGUN PEMBAYARAN PAJAK BUMI DAN BANGUNAN PADA KANTOR DESA MEKAR BAHALAT
Authors: Khaidir Muhammad
Published: May 2019

Kemajuan Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi saat ini sangat berperan penting dalam kehidupan manusia dalam mengerjakan atau menyelesaikan suatu aktivitas perkerjaan sehari-hari, Khususnya dalam Pembayaran Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan pada Desa Mekar Bahalat, yang belum menggunakan sistem dalam melakukan pembayaran pajak bumi dan bagunan disini penulis ingin mengembangkan sistem pembayaran pajak  pada kantor tersebut menjadi terkomputerisasi dengan Bahasa Pemrograman Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 dengan database MySql. Oleh karena itu dengan adanya sistem yang dirancang oleh penulis dapat meminimalisir kesalahan yang terjadi dalam pembayaran Pajak dan dapat mengoptimalkan secara efektif dan efisien.
Twitter Sentiment Analysis using Na¨ive Bayes Classifier with Mutual Information Feature Selection
Authors: Ulfa Maria Arista , Irmawati Budi , Husodo Ario Yudo
Published: May 2019

Analisis sentimen merupakan suatu teknik idetifikasi terhadap emosi yangdiekspresikan melalui teks. Tujuan analisis sentimen adalah menentukan apakah suatupendapat dalam kalimat atau dokumen termasuk kategori positif ataunegatif. Twitter merupakan salah satu media sosial yang sering digunakan dalammenyampaikan pendapat. Twitter memungkinkan penggunanya (user) untuk menulispendapat mereka mengenai berbagai topik dalam sebuah tweet. Data twitter dalampenelitian ini didownload melalui twitter Application Programming Interface (API).Data twitter tersebut terdiri dari 500 tweet tentang pariwisata Lombok dengan hashtag#lombok dan #woderfullombok. Fitur informasi dari setiap tweet diseleksimenggunakan metode Mutual Information dan dianalisis menggunakan modelklasifikasi Naïve Bayes (Naïve Bayes Classifier). Hasil pengujian klasifikasisentimen twitter pada kategori positif dan negatif menggunakan 10-fold crossvalidation memperoleh akurasi rata-rata sebesar 97,9%.Kata kunci : Analisis Sentimen, Twitter, Naïve Bayes Classifier, Mutual Information
Modelo informático integrado AmI-IoT-DA para el cuidado de personas mayores que viven solas
Authors: Sánchez Andrés Armando , González Guerrero Enrique , Barreto Luis Eduardo
Published: May 2019

Las personas de la tercera edad sufren deterioro físico y mental que les impiden y/o dificultan el control de las tareas del hogar, la pérdida de su independencia y autonomía, lo que afecta su calidad de vida y bienestar. Este artículo presenta un modelo integrado AmI-IoT-DA en capas que integra funcionalidades de Internet de las Cosas (IoT), Inteligencia Ambiental (AmI) y data analytics(DA). El modelo se aplica al monitoreo y asistencia de las personas de la tercera edad que viven solas. Además, plantea cuatro segmentos encargados de automatizar la vivienda, supervisar al usuario, tomar decisiones, supervisar eventos, identificar hábitos, y acceder a servicios AmI, IoT y Data Analytics.
The Role of Intrapleural Lymphotropic Blockades in the Incidence of Respiratory Complications after Surgical Treatment of Lung Cancer
Authors: Dambayev G. Ts. , Shefer N. A. , Sokolovich E. G.
Published: May 2019

The development of respiratory complications in patients after surgical treatment of lung cancer remains a serious problem, far from being resolved today. Pain remains the main factor that leads to a decrease in respiratory function in the postoperative period.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of intrapleural lymphotropic blockades on the incidence of respiratory complications in the postoperative period in patients undergoing surgical treatment of lung cancer.

Materials and methods. 103 patients with operable forms of lung cancer, who underwent anatomical lung resection or pneumonectomy, were treated in the Oncology Department of the Tomsk Regional Oncology Center. The patients were divided in two groups. The first group included 52 patients, who were supplemented with intrapleural lymphotropic blockades. The second group consisted of 51 patients who received a standard multimodal scheme of analgesia in the postoperative period. In the postoperative period, we assessed severity of pain in patients, and the frequency and types of respiratory disorders.

Results. The analysis of the results revealed a significant decrease in the intensity of pain syndrome the first 12 hours after surgery in the group of patients, who underwent lymphotropic blockade. The analysis of the frequency of respiratory disorders in the study groups also revealed significant reduction in the number of complications in patients in the group with lymphotropic blockade. Acute postoperative pain, that prevents full natural ventilation, plays one of the key roles in the pathogenesis of respiratory complications in patients after surgical treatment of lung cancer.

Conclusion. The use of multimodal analgesia of intrapleural lymphotropic blockade in the complex allows to reduce the pain syndrome and provide psycho-emotional comfort of the patient in the early postoperative period, thereby reducing the risk of respiratory disorders.
Follow-up Study of a Child with Severe Combined Immune Deficiency
Authors: Pavlova T. B. , Shinkareva V. M.
Published: May 2019

We present the results of 7-year follow-up of a patient with primary immunodeficiency, such as severe combined immune deficiency, X-linked variant. The child has been ill from 11 month of age. He was taken to the Regional Infectious Disease Hospital in Irkutsk by sanitary aviation in extremely serious condition, which threatened his life. At 1 year 2 months he was transferred to Irkutsk State Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital due to deterioration of the general condition, prolonged fever, expressed by hypoxemia. At 1 year 3 months he was diagnosed with primary immunodeficiency, X-linked severe combined immune deficiency, persistent CMV infection in the department of clinical immunology of the Republican Children’s Clinical Hospital in Moscow. The diagnosis was confirmed by molecular genetic method (mutation с.664С˃Т was detected in exon 5 of the IL2RG gene in the hemizygotic state). At 1 year 9 months, haploidentical transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells from the father was performed. According to the chimerism, immune transplant rejection was observed after 1.5 months. At 2 years 11 months, the boy successfully underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from an unrelated donor in the Children’s Oncology and Hematology Hospital of the University Hospital Freiburg (Germany). The child is being regularly observed in Irkutsk State Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital. He suffers from respiratory infections 4–5 times a year in a mild form. He corresponds to peers in physical and psychomotor development.
Therapy of Schizoaffective Disorder and Paranoid Schizophrenia with Episodic Course
Authors: Ivanova L. A. , Vorsina O. P. , Eliseeva T. A. , Frolovа K. A. , Sapozhnikova E. V.
Published: May 2019

Background. The use of atypical antipsychotics in schizophrenia contributes to the reduction of psychotic, affective, negative and cognitive disorders.

Aims. To evaluate the effectiveness of ziprasidone therapy in patients with schizoaffective disorder and paranoid schizophrenia with episodic course.

Materials and methods. In accordance with ICD-10 there were 14 (63.6 %) people with schizoaffective disorder (F25), 8 (36.4 %) people with paranoid schizophrenia, episodic course (F20.x1). Treatment with ziprasidone lasted 42 days. The dose of ziprasidone in 6 patients (27.3 %) was 80 mg, in 10 patients (45.5 %) – 120 mg, in 6 patients (27.3 %) – 160 mg. Evaluation of the effectiveness of ziprasidone therapy was carried out using psychometric scales (PANSS, General clinical impression scale to assess the effectiveness of therapy – CGI-S, CGI-I), adverse events were registered with the UKU scale.

Results. The number of respondents was 19 (86.3 %) (reduction of the total score on the PANSS scale > 20 % of the pre-treatment level). Ziprasidone was effective in patients with schizoaffective disorder with a significant decrease in total score on PANSS subscales to the 14 th day of therapy (p < 0.05), with paranoid schizophrenia with episodic course – by the 21st day (p < 0.01). According to the CGI-S scale at the end of therapy, “borderline condition” was observed in 10 patients (52.6 %), mild severity – in 3 (15.8 %), normal condition – in 6 (31.6 %). CGI-I scale showed a significant improvement in 10 patients (52.6 %), marked improvement – in 9 patients (47.4 %). Among the mild adverse events that do not require discontinuation of the drug, we noted: weakness – in 3 patients (15.8 %), drowsiness – in 3 (15.8 %), impaired concentration – in 2 (10.5 %), orthostatic dizziness – in 2 (10.5 %), galactorrhea – in 1 (5.3 %).

Conclusions. Ziprasidone is an effective antipsychotic drug that has a safe tolerability profile. It can be used in patients with schizoaffective disorders and paranoid schizophrenia with episodic course.
Species and Genetic Diversity of Representatives of the Anaplasmataceae Family Found in the Sympatry Zone of the Ixodes, Dermacentor and Haemaphysalis Genera Ticks
Authors: Doroshchenko E. K. , Lisak O. V. , Rar V. A. , Suntsova O. V. , Savinova Yu. S. , Kozlova I. V.
Published: May 2019

Introduction.On the territory of the Ekhirit-Bulagatsky district of the Irkutsk region zones of sympatry of four Ixodes ticks species are found, where the species and genetic diversity of infectious agents transmitted through tick bites may be more pronounced than in foci with a mono-dominant type of ticks’ population. In this connection, the study of the species and genetic diversity of representatives of the Anaplasmataceae family in the sympatry zone of the Ixodes ticks of closely related species was of scientific interest.

Objective: To study the species and genetic diversity of members of the Anaplasmataceae family in the zones of sympatry of Ixodes ticks Ixodes persulcatus, Dermacentor silvarum, D. nuttalli and Haemaphysalis concinna, to identify the main carriers and potential reservoir hosts of ehrlichia and anaplasma.

Methods. In the course of the study, 1106 specimens of adult ticks and 49 samples of small mammalian livers from the Ekhirit-Bulagatsky area were analyzed. Anaplasma and ehrlichia DNA were detected by two-round PCR in the presence of genus- and species-specific primers from the 16S rRNA gene region. The nucleotide sequences of the 16S rRNA gene and the fragment of the groESL operon were identified in some samples. Sequencing was carried out according to the Sanger method. Comparative analysis was performed using the BLASTN program and ClustalW method. Epidemiological data analysis was performed using parametric methods of statistical processing of the material.

Results. The DNA of Ehrlichia muris and Anaplasma phagocytophilum were detected in all studied species of ticks in their sympatry area. However, the rate of infection of taiga ticks was significantly higher than that of H. concinna and Dermacentor spp. Potential reservoir hosts of the Anaplasmataceae family members can be classified as Microtus oeconomus, M. gregalis, Myodes rutilus and Sorex spp. When analyzing the nucleotide sequences of the 16S rRNA gene, three genetic variants of anaplasma were detected. The nucleotide sequences of the A. phagocytophilum groESL operon belonged to two genetic groups.
HugeNon-Organ Retroperitoneal Tumor inCombination with aCystoma of Uterine Appendages
Authors: Bogomolov N. I. , Goncharov A. G. , Tomskikh N. N. , Goncharova Y. Y.
Published: May 2019

The article describes the experience of successful diagnostics and treatment of giant non-organ extraperitoneal tumor combined with a cystoma of uterine appendages.

Patient P., 43 years old, was hospitalized in the oncology department, diagnosed with “Abdominal tumor, right ovary?” The state was satisfactory, after palpation of the abdomen, a lumpy formation of a densely elastic consistency, from the womb to the epigastric region, was found. An ultrasound revealed a homogeneous tumor formation 30×28 cm from the border of the uterus to the liver. When performing median laparotomy, a dumbbell-shaped tumor (36×26×20 cm) was found in the retroperitoneal space with involvement of the mesentery of the small intestine, lower horizontal portion of the duodenum, mesentery of the transverse colon, superior mesenteric vessels, aorta and jejunum. In the right appendages, a cystoma 12–15 cm in diameter was found, with inversion and necrosis. Adnexectomy was performed. An express lymph node biopsy revealed cells suspicious for malignancy. The tumor was mobilized and removed as a single unit with retroperitoneal tissue, lymph nodes in combination with resection of 70 cm of the jejunum and fenestrated resection of the duodenum. The resulting gut defect 9×7 cm was sutured with a precision single-row suture. Inter-intestinal anastomosis “endto-end” was formed. Nasointestinal intubation was performed. The abdominal cavity was sutured, and two tubular drainages were installed. The postoperative period was uneventful. The histological conclusion: fibrous histiocytoma of the mesentery of the intestine with malignancy in the center of the node, in the ovary – total hemorrhagic infiltration of all layers, edema. The tumor conference consultation was recommended. After 1.5 years, the patient was admitted with the same clinical picture. During laparotomy, a tumor recurrence was discovered, the nodes of which were located in the retroperitoneal space, in the abdominal cavity with invasion to organs and large vessels. The case was recognized as inoperable, the laparotomic wound was closed completely. Sixteen days after surgery the patient was discharged.
Foreign Body of the Right Main Bronchus with Tracheal Perforation (Case Report)
Authors: Stalmahovich V. N. , Sapukhin E. V. , Dmitrienko A. P. , Dukov A. A.
Published: May 2019

The article describes a rare case of a foreign body removal from the tracheobronchial tree of a child. In the acute period of aspiration, the girl developed severe hypoxia, a terminal condition caused by the standing of a foreign body in the infraglottic space, a spasm of the vocal cords and obstruction of the lumen of the respiratory tract. In emergency tracheal intubation in a medical institution at the place of residence, the foreign body was moved more distally, which allowed to restore lung ventilation, stabilize the child’s condition and transport her to a specialized medical institution where X-ray and endoscopic examination were performed. It was found that the one-year-old patient had a screw cap tightly wedged into the lumen of the right main bronchus, and the screw’s opposite sharp end punched the left wall of the trachea above its carina. There was a potentially high risk of perforation of the main vessels of the mediastinum with massive bleeding and an unfavorable outcome. Endoscopic removal of a foreign body was technically impossible due to the peculiarity of its transverse arrangement and perforation of the wall, which served as an indication for emergency thoracotomy. A longitudinal sternotomy was performed, providing good access to the distal trachea, the main bronchi and the great vessels. Then we performed transverse bronchotomy in the initial part of the right main bronchus on half of its circumference, removed the foreign body, sutured the wall of the bronchus. The length of the extracted self-drilling screw was 35 millimeters. Postoperative early and late periods went without complications. At follow-up, mucosal surface of the right main bronchus was pink, the vascular pattern was visible, the bronchus was freely passable, not deformed.
Combined Extended High Spinal Anesthesia and Endotracheal Narcosis: a Clinical Case
Authors: Yakushevsky A. B. , Plekhanov A. N. , Ayusheev A. B.
Published: May 2019

Background. In recent years, various methods of combined anesthesia during abdominal surgery have been introduced into clinical practice.

Aim. To demonstrate the possibilities of a combination of high prolonged spinal anesthesia and endotracheal anesthesia during abdominal surgery.

Materials and methods. A clinical case of combined use of high prolonged spinal anesthesia and endotracheal anesthesia in a 48-year-old patient with a tumor in the right half of the ascending part of the right half of the colon is presented.

Results. The patient received a puncture of the spinal space at a standard point and was installed a spinal catheter in the cranial direction for 3 cm. An isobaric solution of marcaine in the initial dose of 20 mg was injected into the catheter. The regulation of the development of the block was regulated by the inclination of the head end of the table by 60°. After that endotracheal anesthesia was performed on the basis of fentanyl and propofol. This combination allowed to expand the scope of surgical intervention, provided adequate pain relief intraoperatively and in the postoperative period, without the use of narcotic analgesics. With the appearance of signs of recovery of pain sensitivity, intraoperatively or in the postoperative period, re-introduction of the anesthetic into the spinal catheter was performed in half of the initial dose with liquor barbotage. In the early postoperative period, the patient was on strict bed rest with a head end of the bed raised at 30–45°. The method provides complete segmental blockade and muscle relaxation in the area of operation, stability of central hemodynamics during surgery and in the postoperative period.

Conclusion. This type of anesthesia is more easily tolerated by patients, accompanied by early awakening and extubation, characterized by stability of central hemodynamics, reduced risk of complications, the possibility of prolonging anesthesia with lower doses of narcotic analgesics in the intraoperative period, providing high-quality anesthesia in the postoperative period without resorting to the use of narcotic analgesics.
Back Pain in Pregnant Women: Its Origins, Peculiarities of Pathogenesis and Biomechanics
Authors: Fedorov D. V. , Kirgizova O. Yu.
Published: May 2019

The problem of the back pain in pregnant women is one of the most important in modern medicine. 65–90 % of pregnant women complain of the back pain. The women may have the back pain from the early stages of pregnancy, or it may occur with the growth of the fetus.

The causes of the pain during pregnancy are late reproductive age, high body mass index, physical strain, pain during previous pregnancies. Vertebrogenic and pelvic pain in pregnant women can first appear at the beginning of the gestational period. According to various authors, the frequency of such pain is 30–35 %. As a rule, painful neurologic manifestations begin in the third trimester, on average at the 18 th –22 nd week of pregnancy. About a half of women with early manifestation of lumbosacral pain during the pregnancy keep suffering from pain for a year after giving birth. In 20 % of cases, symptomatic pain is felt for 3 years after the delivery. The primary factors causing the pain syndrome is the shift in the centre of gravity due to enlargement of the pregnant uterus of the postural balance. The localization of the pain depending on the peculiarities of the posture can be different. In most of cases the lower back, thoracolumbar passage, sacrum, with the occasional radiation to buttock or pelvic joint, are affected. One of the most common pain syndromes in gynecology is the myofascial syndrome characterized by hyper tonus of the muscles and fasciae and ligaments of the pelvic minor.
II. Abdülhamid’in Kapsayıcı Eğitim Politikasına Bir Örnek: Lazkiye Nusayrileri ve Hamidiye Mektepleri
Authors: UĞUZ Sacit
Published: May 2019

Osmanlı Devleti’nde, II. Mahmud döneminde başlayan ve Sultan Abdülaziz döneminde artarak
devam eden modernist/batılı eğitim reformlarının, II. Abdülhamid döneminde zirveye ulaştığı
söylenebilir. Bu dönemde, bir taraftan o zamana kadar düzensiz bir gelişim gösteren eğitim
işlerini, merkezi bir sistem oluşturarak düzene sokma faaliyetleri yürütülmüş, diğer taraftan da
ülkenin her tarafında okullar açılarak ücra köylere kadar toplumun kamusal eğitime ulaşmasına
gayret edilmiştir. XIX. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren Osmanlı topraklarında hızla yayılan
misyonerlerin hedef kitleleri arasında sadece doğu kiliselerine bağlı Ermeniler ve Rumlar yoktu.
Osmanlı topraklarında belirli bölgelerde yaşayan ve Müslüman toplum içerisinde sayılıp
sayılmamaları eskiden beri tartışma konusu olmuş, devlet otoritesine karşı genellikle itaatkâr
olmayan Nusayriler ve Dürziler gibi dini azınlık gruplar da misyonerlerin hedef kitleleri
arasında yer almıştır. Misyonerlerin bu dönemde özellikle Nusayrilerin yoğun olarak yaşadığı
bölgelerde hızlı bir okullaşma faaliyeti içerisine girdikleri görülmektedir. Osmanlı Devleti de
buna karşı Nusayrilerin yaşadığı hemen her yere okullar açmış ve bir eğitim seferberliği
başlatmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Nusayrilerin merkezi olarak kabul edilen Lazkiye’de, II.
Abdülhamid döneminde gerçekleştirilen eğitim faaliyetleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Ayrıca
misyonerlerin Lazkiye’deki faaliyetleri ve bu faaliyetlerin Müslüman ahali üzerindeki etkisine
de değinilmiştir. Osmanlı Arşivinden elde edilen belgeler ışığında, Lazkiye’de açılan ve
Hamidiye ismi verilen okullar, öğrenci sayıları ve muallimleri ile ilgili bilgilere yer verilmiştir.
Kısaca, Sultan II. Abdülhamid’in, misyonerlerin faaliyetlerine karşı, Osmanlı tebaası dini
azınlık grupların, eğitim yoluyla devlete bağlılıklarını temin etme politikası, Lazkiye örneği
üzerinden ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır.
PENENTUAN KARAKTERISTIK AIR WADUK DENGAN METODE KOAGULASI
Authors: Fuadi Anwar , Munawar Munawar , Mulyani Mulyani
Published: May 2019

Air adalah elemen penting yang dibutuhkan oleh manusia, namun pada keadaan yang sudah tercemar air dapat menyebabkan masalah bagi kesehatan. Mengingat besarnya dampak yang ditimbulkan oleh air limbah waduk, maka pengolahan air yang terdiri dari analisa COD, TDS, TSS, kekeruhan, kesadahan, daya hantar listrik dan pH perlu dilakukan. Pada penelitian ini koagulan yang digunakan adalah (Al2 (SO4)3). Dengan variasi massa koagulan yaitu (70, 90, 110, 130, 150) mg, sedangkan pengambilan sampel dilakukan setiap 7 hari sekali, dan 3 titik pengambilan sampel. Efisiensi penurunan terbaik masing-masing parameter yaitu pada penggunaan koagulan 150 mg, COD 41,67%, TDS 22,13%, TSS 69,99%, DHL 12, 09%, Turbidity 83, 95%, kesadahan 31,81% dan penurunan yang terendah yaitu (2,66%).Kata kunci: air limbah, COD, TDS, TSS, turbidity, kesadahan, pH dan DHL
PENURUNAN KESADAHAN AIR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE AERASI DIFUSI
Authors: Yanti Azmi , Helmi Helmi , Putra Alfian
Published: May 2019

Air adalah elemen sangat penting dalam kehidupan manusia. Bagaimanapun air yang tercemar dapat menyebabkan berbagai permasalahan terutama bagi kesehatan manusia. Berdasarkan permasalahan yang terdapat dalam air minum, maka menurunkan kesadahan dari air minum adalah sangat penting. Oleh karena itu metode aerasi adalah metode yang cocok untuk tujuan tersebut. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 2liter dengan laju alir aerasi sebesar 2,6 L/ menit. Pengambilan sampel digunakan setiap 8, 10 dan 12 jam sekali. Sampel diperoleh dari 3 desa yaitu Punteut, Keude Aceh, dan Kandang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penurunan kesadahan terjadi pada kondisi aerasi selama 12 jam yang meliputi desa Punteut, Keude Aceh dan Kandang dengan % removale asing-masing 86, 6 % untuk sampel air sumur desa Punteut, 68, 3 % untuk sampel air desa Keude Aceh dan 77, 8 % untuk sampel air sumur desa Kandang. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa penurunan kesadahan dengan teknik aerasi difusi dapat menurunkan tingkat kesadahan air serta memenuhi standar mutu air minum.Kata kunci: Aerasi, Difusi, Kesadahan, Kalsium, Magnesium
PEMBUATAN ASAM ASETAT DARI LIMBAH CAIR KULIT KOPI ARABIKA (Coffea arabica. Sp)
Authors: Rosmiati Rosmiati , Yunus Muhammad , Raudah Raudah
Published: May 2019

Penelitian tentang pembuatan asam asetat dari limbah cair kulit kopi (coffea arabika. Sp) telah dilakukan. Limbah cair kulit kopi dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menghasilkan asam asetat, dan diharapkan dapat menghasilkan mutu asam asetat yang baik sesuai dengan standar mutu asam asetat dari nira aren (Arenga pinnata) SNI 01-4371-1996. Proses fermentasi dilakukan dalam dua tahapan, tahap pertama adalah fermentasi limbah cair kulit kopi menjadi alkohol secara anaerob, tahap kedua adalah fermentasi alkohol menjadi asam asetat secara aerob. Fermentasi secara aerob dilakukan dengan memvariasikan penambahan bakteri acetobachter aceti dan tanpa penambahan acetobachter aceti, serta variasi waktu yaitu selama 7, 10, dan 15 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asam asetat yang diperoleh tanpa penambahan bakteri A. Aceti tidak memenuhi standar mutu sedangkan dengan penambahan bakteri A. aceti telah memenuhi standar mutu yaitu: kadar asam asetat: 6,48%, kadar alkohol: 4,35%, TPT: 1,27%, pH: 4 dan cemaran logam (Pb: -0,3116, Cu: -0,7397, Zn: -0,5623).Kata kunci: fermentasi, kopi, Acetobachter aceti, SNI 01-4371-1996.
PENGGUNAAN KATALIS ABU SEKAM PADI PADA REAKSI TRANSESTERIFIKASI MINYAK BIJI KAPUK (Ceiba Pentranda) MENJADI BIODIESEL
Authors: Fona Zahra
Published: May 2019

Penelitian tentang penggunaan katalis abu sekam padi pada reaksi transesterifikasi minyak biji kapuk menjadi biodiesel telah dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian adalah menentukan pengaruh katalis abu sekam padi terhadap yield dan kualitas biodiesel dari minyak biji kapuk. Reaksi esterifikasi menggunakan metanol dengan rasio 6:1 dengan penambahan H2SO4 sebanyak 1% dari berat minyak. Selanjutnya pada reaksi transesterifikasi, ester direaksikan dengan metanol pada perbandingan 1: 6, dan penambahan katalis dengan variasi 2%, 7% dan 12%. Temperatur reaksi 65oC dengan waktu reaksi 1 jam, 2 jam, dan 3 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan katalis abu sekam padi sebanyak 7%, waktu reaksi 2 jam memberikan yield terbesar yaitu 83%. Penambahan waktu reaksi sampai 3 jam tidak memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap yield biodiesel. Densitas dan viskositas biodiesel, yaitu berturut-turut 0,86 g/ml, dan 2,45 mm2, sudah memenuhi standar SNI. Berdasarkan uji nilai kalor, biodiesel dari penelitian ini belum memenuhi standar SNI-04-7128-2006.Kata kunci: Biodiesel, minyak biji kapuk, abu sekam padi, esterifikasi, transesterifikasi.
RANCANG BANGUN APLIKASI PEMBELAJARAN JARINGAN KOMPUTER UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI AKADEMIK SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN TEKNIK INFORMATIKA
Authors: Indrawati Indrawati
Published: May 2019

Pergeseran paradigma proses pembelajaran konvensional ke media pembelajaran   berbasis ICT telah berkembang dengan pesat. Pada penelitian ini, dirancang sebuah aplikasi alat bantu ajar yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan prestasi akademik peserta didik pada sekolah kejuruan. Aplikasi soal dirancang menggunakan metode sampling random agar soal latihan dapat diacak. Hasil rancangan diuji dengan pengujian performansi dengan 20 responden guru dan pengujian implementasi dengan 24 responden siswa. Pengujian performansi memiliki akurasi dengan tingkat penilaian ”cukup” sebesar 7,5%, kategori ”baik” sebesar 62,50%  dan kategori  ”sangat baik” sebesar 30%. Pada pengujian implementasi ditemukan pengaruh yang signifikan antara penggunaan metode pembelajaran berbasis ICT dibanding metode pembelajaran konvensional dimana terjadi peningkatan yang signifikan siswa dengan prestasi  ”kurang”  dari 12,5% menjadi 0%, prestasi ”cukup”  dari 50% menjadi 4,2%, demikian juga prestasi ”baik” meningkat  dari 29,2% menjadi 62,5% dan prestasi ”sangat baik" meningkat dari 8,3% menjadi 33,3. Nilai t hitung sebesar -9.173,  negatif mengindikasikan bahwa nilai siswa pada pembelajaran secara konvensional lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan pembelajaran secara ICT.Kata kunci:  Jaringan Komputer, Simulasi, ICT, Interaktif
Stichosiphon subarcticus sp. nov. (Cyanoprokaryota, Chroococcales) from the White Sea
Authors: Beljakova R. N. , Smirnova S. V.
Published: May 2019

Representatives of the genus Stichosiphon live predominantly in fresh waterbodies epiphytic on algae and higher plants. Eight species of the genus have a tropical distribution, two species were found in central European countries, three species were described from the northwest of European Russia and one species lives in the highlands of Tibet. New species of the genus Stichosiphon, S. subarcticus is described. S. subarcticus was found in the desalinated pool at the upper littoral at Bolshoy Solovetskiy Island (Solovetskiy Archipelago, the White sea) growing on copepods. Morphological and ecological notes are given. Pseudofilaments solitary or in groups, straight or curved, uniseriate, not or sometimes slightly widened at the terminal part, mature pseudofilaments 25–55 μm long, 0.9–1.5(2.2) μm wide, exocytes and basal cells (0.6)0.85–1.45(2.2) μm long, 0.8–1.5(2.2) μm wide. This species is similar to S. sansibaricus var. marinus by short single-row and unbranched pseudofilaments, differs by width of pseudofilaments, exocyte dimensions and proportions (exocytes of S. sansibaricus var. marinus always longer than wide). Due to unstable conditions in the only known habitat salinity preferences of S. subarcticus are unclear. The location is the northernmost for this genus.
A new species of Cribraria (Myxomycetes) from Australia
Authors: Stephenson S. L. , Novozhilov Yu. K. , Wellman P.
Published: May 2019

A new species of Cribraria, described herein as C. bicolor, appeared in moist chamber cultures on samples of the bark of Eucalyptus sp. collected at two localities in Australia. The morphology of representative specimens was examined by light and scanning electron microscopy, and micrographs of relevant morphological details of sporocarps and spores are provided. The species has a number of distinct and unique morphological features, including a glossy bright-violet globose sporotheca and a two-colored long stalk which is bright-red over the lower one-third and light yellow or lemon-yellow over the upper two-thirds. The combination of these characteristics as well as a shallow calyculus which is dark-violet when viewed under a dissecting microscope and bright red in transmitted light when mounted in lactophenol makes C. bicolor a well-defined morphospecies when compared to all other species of Cribraria. The stability of the taxonomic characters of the species was confirmed by an examination of a number of specimens.
Sedelnikovaea baicalensis (Lecanoraceae) — new lichen genus and species for Europe
Authors: Makryi T. V.
Published: May 2019

Sedelnikovaea baicalensis, the Siberian-Central Asian lichen species, is recorded for the first time for Europe. Based on all the known localities, including those first-time reported from Baikal Siberia, the peculiarities of the ecology and distribution of this species are discussed, the map of its distribution is provided. It is concluded that the species was erroneously considered earlier as a Central Asian endemic. The center of the present range of this lichen is the steppes of Southern Siberia and Mongolia. Assumptions are made that S. baicalensis is relatively young (Paleogene-Neogene) species otherwise it would have a vast range extending beyond Asia, and also that the Yakut locations of this species indicate that in the Pleistocene its range was wider and covered a significant part of the Northeastern Siberia but later underwent regression. Based on the fact that in the mountains of Central Asia the species is found only in the upper mountain belts, it is proposed to characterize it as «cryo-arid xerophyte» in contrast to «arid xerophytes». A conclusion is made that the presence of extensive disjunctions of S. baicalensis range between the Southern Pre-Urals and the Altai-Sayan Mountains or the Mountains of Central Asia is unlikely; the lichen is most likely to occur in the Urals and most of Kazakhstan.
Sphagnum mosses (Sphagnaceae, Bryophyta) of mires Chefandzar and Masota in North Ossetia (Caucasus)
Authors: Doroshina G. Ya. , Nikolajev I. A.
Published: May 2019

Sphagnum mires on the Greater Caucasus are rare, characterized by the presence of relict plant communities of glacial age and are in a stage of degradation. The study of Sphagnum of Chefandzar and Masota mires is carried out for the first time. Seven species of Sphagnum are recorded. Their distribution and frequency within the North Caucasus are analyzed. Sphagnum contortum, S. platyphyllum, S. russowii, S. squarrosum are recorded for the first time for the study area and for the flora of North Ossetia. The other mosses found in the study area are listed.
New data on distribution and ecology of rare in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District (Western Siberia) moss species (Bryophyta)
Authors: Lapshina E. D. , Kuzmina E. Yu. , Filippov I. V. , Kukurichkin G. M.
Published: May 2019

New locations of 25 rare species of mosses, known earlier in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District from one or a few locations, are provided. Their ecology, phytocenotic affinity and peculiarities of the distribution on the territory of the autonomous district and taiga zone of the Western Siberia as a whole are discussed. A high proportion of rare species in the moss flora of the central part of the taiga zone of Western Siberia resulted from limited distribution or absence of suitable habitats associated with stony substrates and outcrops of groundwater rich in mineral nutrition elements, as well as from intermediate (ecotone) position of the flora on the latitudinal bioclimatic gradient from south to north.
Liverworts of the Dzherginsky Reserve (Republic of Buryatia)
Authors: Mamontov Yu. S. , Potemkin A. D. , Tubanova D. Ya. , Sofronova E. V.
Published: May 2019

The results of detailed long-term studies of the hepatic flora of the Dzherginsky Reserve, performed in 50 collection points throughout the reserve, in the forest, sub-headland and tundra zones are presented. There are 125 species and 4 varieties, including new for Baikal Siberia Lophoziopsis excisa var. elegans, Mannia pilosa, Mesoptychia rutheana and Odontoschisma denudatum and new for Buryatia Blepharostoma trichophyllum var. brevirete, Cephaloziella uncinata, Frullania davurica, F. muscicola, Fuscocephaloziopsis loitlesbergeri, Jungermannia exsertifolia, J. cf. polaris, L. pellucida, Mesoptychia badensis, M. sahlbergii, Neoorthocaulis hyperboreus, Odontoschisma elongatum, Pellia endiviifolia, Plagiochila arctica, Plectocolea obscura, Sauteria alpina, Scapania brevicaulis, S. rufidula, Schljakovianthus quadrilobus. The analysis of the flora with emphasis on the altitudinal species distribution is provided.
Four rare liverwort species: distribution, ecology, taxonomy
Authors: Sofronova E. V. , Potemkin A. D.
Published: May 2019

Distribution, ecology and taxonomy of four rare liverwort species Frullania davurica, Lejeunea alaskana, Marchantia romanica, Scapania sphaerifera, which were recorded many times in collections from the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), are compiled and analyzed. Worldwide distribution maps of Lejeunea alaskana, Marchantia romanica, Scapania sphaerifera are provided. Taxonomic status of all four species needs to be tested on the basis of molecular studies of materials through their ranges. Sporophytes of Lejeunea alaskana are described for the first time.
The family Orthotrichaceae (Bryophyta) in flora of Russia: results of revision and biogeographical review
Authors: Fedosov V. E.
Published: May 2019

Recent studies on Orthotrichoid mosses in Russia are summarized genus by genus. Orthotrichum furcatum Otnyukova is synonymized with Nyholmiella obtusifolia. Orthotrichum vittii is excluded from the Russian moss flora. Description of O. dagestanicum is amended. Fifty four currently recognized species from 9 genera of the Orthotrichaceae are presently known to occur in Russia; list of species with common synonyms and brief review of distribution in Russia is presented. Numerous problematic specimens with unresolved taxonomy were omitted for future. Revealed taxonomical inconsistencies in the genera Zygodon, Ulota, Lewinskya, Nyholmiella, Orthotrichum are briefly discussed. Main regularities of spatial differentiation of the family Orthotrichaceae in Russia are considered. Recently presented novelties contribute to the certain biogeographic pattern, indicating three different centers of diversity of the family, changing along longitudinal gradient. Unlike European one, continental Asian diversity of Orthotrichaceae is still poorly known, the Siberian specimens which were previously referred to European species in most cases were found to represent other, poorly known or undescribed species. North Pacific Region houses peculiar and poorly understood hot spot of diversity of Orthotrichoid mosses. Thus, these hot spots are obligatory to be sampled in course of revisions of particular groups, since they likely comprise under-recorded cryptic- or semi-cryptic species. Latitudinal gradient also contributes to the spatial differentiation of the revealed taxonomic composition of Orthotrichaceae.
New records of bryophytes. 1
Authors: Baisheva E. Z. , Bersanova A. N. , Czernyadjeva I. V. , Doroshina G. Ya. , Ignatov M. S. , Ignatova E. A. , Kolesnikova M. A. , Kuzmina E. Yu. , Potemkin A. D. , Shevchenko N. E. , Voronova O. G.
Published: May 2019

First records of mosses for the Karachayevo-Circassian Republic, the Republic of Ingushetia, the Republic of Bashkortostan, the south of Tyumen Region, Koryak Okrug of the Kamchatka Territory and data on their localities, habitats, distribution are presented.
Cryptogamic nomenclatural notes. 3
Authors: Sokolova I. V. , Gogorev R. M. , Otnyukova T. N. , Potemkin A. D.
Published: May 2019

Replacement names for later homonyms of Pinnularia franconica and P. rabenhorstii are published. A new combination, Nyholmiella furcata (Otnyukova) Otnyukova, is published. The lectotype of Hygrolejeunea alaskana R. M. Schust. et Steere is designated.
KELOMPOK 3
Authors: rangkuti Nur sakinah , hrp nurl hikmah
Published: May 2019

BAB IPENDAHULUANA.Latar BelakangKarakter adalah suatu hal yang sedang hangat dan banyak dibicarakan dalam dunia pendidikan. Hal ini berlatar belakang dengan adanya faktayang menunjukkan bahwa karakter bangsa pada zaman globalisasi seprti saat ini merosot tajam. Pendidikan dianggap sebagai suatu media yang paling jitu dalam mengembangkan potensi anak didik baik berketerampilan maupun berwawasan. Oleh karena itu , pendidikan secara terus menerus dibagun dan dikembangkan agar dari proses pelaksanaannya menghasilkan generasi yang diharapkan. Dalam UU Sisdiknas Nomor 20 tahun 2003 yang terkhir dijelaskan bahwa pendidikan karakter merupakan: “pendidikan akhlak atau karakter masih digabung dalam mata pelajaran agama dan diserahhkan sepenuhnya pada guru agama”. Karena pendidikan karakter dibebankan sepenuhnya nkepada guru agama saja maka pendidikan karakter itu sendiri belum mencapai batas yang optimal. Hal ini terbukti dari phenomena sosial yang menunjukkan prilaku yang tidak berkarakter, seperti maraknya terjadi tawuran antar pelajar, adalanya pergaulan bebas, adanya kesenjangan sosial, ekonomi, politik di masyarakat, masih terjadinya ketidak adilan hokum, kekerasan dan kerusuhan, dan korupsi yang mewabah dan merambah pada semua sector kehidupan masyarakat, tindakan anarkis atau konflik sosial.Berdasarkan uraian diatas disimpulkan bahwa pendidikan karakter tidak hanya dibebankan pada guru agama saja, tetapi juga pada semua pihak yang berkepentingan serta bersangkutan. Dalam makalah ini kami akan membahas mengenai implementasi pendidikan karakter dalam mata pelajaran Ppkn di SD/MI
Wave function the space-time
Authors: Kuyukov Vitaly
Published: May 2019

Wave function the space-time
Ordinary matter and dark energy
Authors: Lobo Matheus Pereira
Published: May 2019

In this microarticle we suggest the application of Hawking radiation to ordinary particles. This is a thought experiment linking ordinary mass with dark energy.