bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Early Rectal Tube Application after Colostomy Closure on Intestinal Peristalsis
Authors: AVCİ Veli , AYENGİN Kemal
Published: April 2022

Objective: All surgeons performing colostomy closure strive to achieve early postoperative intestinal peristalsis in their patients. Early peristalsis following abdominal surgery leads to a shorter time to flatulence/defecation, thereby allowing early transition to oral feeding and early hospital discharge. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of rectal tube applied after colostomy on intestinal peristalsis, time to first flatulence/defecation, and time to hospital discharge.

Material and Methods: This retrospective study included 40 patients that underwent colostomy closure between September 2013 and October 2020. Age, gender, and indications for colostomy were reviewed for each patient. Patients were divided into two groups as patients who underwent and those who did not

undergo rectal tube application. In both groups, time to first flatulence/defecation, time to oral feeding, and hospitalization period were recorded.

Results: The 40 patients comprised 26 boys and 14 girls with a mean age of 3.46±2.11 years. Time to first flatulence/defecation and hospitalization periods were significantly shorter in patients that underwent rectal tube placement than in patients that did not undergo rectal tube placement (p=0.001).

Conclusion: Rectal tube application following colostomy leads to early onset of intestinal peristalsis and a shorter time to flatulence/defecation, thereby allowing early transition to oral feeding and early hospital discharge.
¿Se puede prohibir lo prohibido? Valor simbólico de la revisión judicial de las reformas constitucionales para la construcción de paz en Colombia
Authors: Molinares Hassan Viridiana
Published: April 2022

La implementación jurídica del Acuerdo Final de paz (AFP), suscrito entre la exguerrilla de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC) y el Gobierno del expresidente Juan Manuel Santos, generó la aplicación de normas constitucionales excepcionales sobre procesos legislativos y de revisión constitucional. En este proceso, la Corte Constitucional colombiana (Corte) realizó una revisión excepcional, automática y única sobre cinco Actos legislativos (AL) que se expidieron para implementar jurídicamente lo acordado políticamente. En este artículo analizamos la Sentencia C-076/2018 con la que se realizó la revisión constitucional del AL 05 de 2017, expedido para la implementación del AFP, mediante el cual se reformó el artículo 22 de la Constitución, incluyendo una prohibición expresa de creación, financiación y apoyo a grupos de civiles armados con fines ilegales, frente al que nos preguntamos ¿Es posible prohibir lo prohibido? Metodológicamente presentamos las tensiones entre el constituyente derivado y la Corte, y la aplicación del juicio de sustitución de la Constitución, para concluir que la revisión de la Corte fue particular, no solo por la excepcionalidad de las reglas, sino porque expidió una “sentencia simbólica” que se justifica en la medida en que resalta la importancia de la construcción del modelo de justicia transicional y de la paz derivados de la implementación del AFP.
Cambia todo cambia…. El desafío de innovar desde la gestión participativa de las políticas públicas
Authors: Guardamagna María Melina
Published: April 2022

El presente artículo es parte de la línea de investigación que venimos desarrollando desde el Centro de Estudios de Innovación Institucional de la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Argentina (CEII - UNCuyo /CONICET), a partir de los enfoques del análisis de políticas públicas, la participación ciudadana y el desarrollo territorial. En esta oportunidad, gracias a los resultados obtenidos en investigaciones previas, un exhaustivo relevamiento bibliográfico, el estudio de casos comparados de la región y un constante intercambio con colegas y equipos de investigación de otras universidades del continente americano, nos proponemos aportar una reflexión crítica en torno al involucramiento ciudadano y las innovaciones institucionales en pos de un desarrollo territorial con inclusión social, equidad socioambiental y reconocimiento de la diversidad. Para ello, la pregunta de investigación que guía nuestro trabajo hace referencia a cómo la implementación de procesos de participación ciudadana en las políticas públicas, principalmente aquellas orientadas al logro del desarrollo, puede contribuir a la innovación de las gestiones gubernamentales actuales.
Statistical Approach to select the Best Suitable Solar Model for Global Radiation: Case Study of Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Naqvi Asad A. , Uzair Muhammad , Akhtar Maaz , Zaidi Asad A , Hasan Kazmi Syed Umair
Published: April 2022

Utilization of solar energy for the fulfillment of daily routine tasks has gained a lot of interest in the recent past. The complete utilization can be accomplished only if proper solar data is available for a particular site. The measurement of solar data is expensive and time consuming. Different empirical correlations are available for the estimation of solar radiations on a particular site. In this research, monthly average daily solar radiation on horizontal surface is compared with measured data available as typical metrological year, TMY2, and estimated from the different solar models available for Karachi. The models studied are Ahmad models, Raja Models, Hargreaves Model and Black model. The estimation of different empirical correlations and NASA are compared with the measured values. The comparison was done by using statistical techniques like MAPE, MBE, RMSE and t-stats. The results revealed that Hargreaves model is the best model to estimate global radiation for Karachi with minimum value of t-stats while Raja 3 model is the most inappropriate model with highest value of MAPE, RMSE, MBE and t-stat. Overall, the already established empirical correlations can be used for the estimation of solar energy for Karachi for complete utilization of solar energy with minimum errors.
An exploratory, randomised, crossover study to investigate the effect of nicotine on cognitive function in healthy adult smokers who use an electronic cigarette, after a period of smoking abstinence: study protocol
Authors: Green Harry Jacob , O'Shea Olivia Katherine , Philpott Helen Louise , Newland Nik
Published: April 2022

Background: Despite the known harmful effects of cigarette smoking, many individuals continue to smoke. Published scientific evidence suggests that smoking can influence various physiological and psychological functions (including effects on cognitive function, body weight and emotion). For some smokers, the loss of such effects have been cited as barriers to cigarette smoking cessation and the deficits in such effects may contribute to resumption of smoking post quitting. Whilst not positioned as cigarette cessation devices, the effect of e-cigarettes (and other potentially reduced risk alternatives to cigarette smoking) on such functions has not been widely researched. Such information would provide support for the proposition that smokers seeking alternatives may find e-cigarettes a satisfactory substitute for conventional cigarettes.

Methods: This randomised, partially blinded, crossover study will test the hypothesis that acute nicotine delivery via an e-cigarette can influence cognitive parameters including sustained attention, episodic memory, working memory and executive function to the same extent as a combustible cigarette after a period of nicotine abstinence in current smokers. To determine participants’ cognitive ability, the study will utilise the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) Connect Profile Software (CANTAB® www.cantab.com). Up to 40 current smokers will be recruited into the study.

Conclusions: The data from this trial will be a valuable addition to the growing body of literature assessing the impact of RRPs for existing smokers.

Trial registration: This study is registered with the ISRCTN registry, number ISRCTN35376793.
A randomised control trial comparing the use of prefabricated orthotics in combination with orthotic sandals versus the sole use of prefabricated orthotics for the treatment of plantar fasciitis
Authors: Ampat George , Rhodes Samantha , Sims Jonathan , Madathilethu Jaida Chacko
Published: April 2022

Background: Plantar fasciitis is a painful and debilitating condition. There is currently no standard treatment for plantar fasciitis. Literature has shown that foot orthotics can help decrease pain and improve foot function in patients with plantar fasciitis. Orthotic sandals have also been shown to reduce symptoms of plantar fasciitis. These devices have only been used independently. This study will aim to take a novel approach to combine the orthotic and orthotic sandal to investigate the effect on plantar fasciitis symptoms.

Methods: A total of 104 participants will be randomised into two groups. Participants in group A, the test group, will be provided with prefabricated orthotics and indoor orthotic sandals, and participants in group B, the control group, will only be provided with prefabricated orthotics. Outcome data will be collected five times over a period of six months. The primary outcome measure of change in pain over time will be measured with the Visual analogue scale. The secondary outcome measures of changes in foot health status and overall health will be measured using the Foot health status questionnaire and Global rating scale of change, respectively.

Conclusions: The combined use of orthotics and orthotic sandals will increase the amount of time that the foot has adequate support. This novel research aims to provide evidence for an effective and easily implemented, standardised treatment for plantar fasciitis.

Trial Registration: This trial was registered in May 2021 (NCT04894383).
Medical hypnotherapy; even in a tertiary care setting a promising treatment
Authors: Bastek Vanessa B. , Groeneveld Elroly M. , Van Vliet Michel J.
Published: April 2022

Background: Medical hypnotherapy has shown to be an effective treatment in specified conditions such as abdominal pain or headache. Since 2016 the Beatrix children’s hospital, a tertiary care center, offers medical hypnotherapy for a high variety of complex symptom disorders in pediatric patients.Methods: This retrospective COHORT study analyzed the characteristics of pediatric patients treated with medical hypnotherapy in a tertiary care center as well as the effectiveness of the treatment.Results: 214 patients with complex chronic symptoms were treated with medical hypnotherapy. 48% Percent of all patients referred had more than one symptom and 59% of them had had their symptoms for over a year. An overall improvement of symptoms was achieved in 76% of all patients.Conclusions: Medical hypnotherapy seems an effective treatment for patients with multiple chronic and complex symptoms even in a tertiary clinical setting.
Endobronchial tuberculosis simulating a tumor: an interesting case report
Authors: Ganesan Natesh , G. Prasanth , Vadivelu Gangadharan
Published: April 2022

Endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB) is a special form of TB which is associated with significant morbidity and potential mortality. EBTB is the infection of tracheobronchial tree, and continues to remain challenging for clinicians to diagnose. The incidence of EBTB has been reported to be 5.8% to 30% in people with pulmonary TB. 60-year-old male, chronic smoker presented with complaints of dyspnea, cough with expectoration and sore throat for 2 weeks. General examination showed patient to have pallor and respiratory system examination showed decreased breath sounds in left infraaxillary region and bilateral crepitations. Routine blood investigations done showed decreased hemoglobin levels, elevated total leukocyte count, ESR. Sputum AFB was negative. Mantoux-15 mm in duration. Chest X-ray showed homogenous opacities over the left lower zone and elevated right diaphragm. CT thorax done showed a subsegmental peripheral soft tissue density 4.3×2.2 cm in the inferior lingula segment. Bronchoscopy showed whitish plaques over the anterior tracheal wall near carina and over left main bronchus. Endobronchial tissue growth seen occluding the lingula bronchus. Biopsy was taken and histopathology showed a granulomatous lesion, BAL Gene Xpert was positive for MTB. Patient was started on 3 tablets ATT. Clinicians need to be vigilant in patients who are AFB smear negative, with symptoms; bronchoscopy should be considered in those selected cases.
A rare case of bronze diabetes in a patient with thalassemia
Authors: Sharma Karan V. , Khandhedia Parth B. , Sharma Vijay H.
Published: April 2022

Secondary haemochromatosis (also known as bronze diabetes) is a perilous medical condition that can occur as a complication of frequent blood transfusions. Thalassemia major which occurs due to a decrease in the beta globulin chain can lead to severe anemia, extramedullary hematopoiesis and splenomegaly. Because of this, the affected patients required continuous blood transfusions throughout their life and as a consequence, it may lead to iron overload. A 26-year-old male presented with a complaint of darkening skin, joint pain and fever. He was a known case of thalassemia major and was undergoing blood transfusions three times a week. Further laboratory findings revealed decreased hemoglobin, abnormal liver function tests and increased blood glucose levels. The patient was managed with IV insulin and chelation therapy. The patient responded to treatment and was better on subsequent follow-up. The diagnostic and therapeutic challenges along with the epidemiological data emphasize the need of raising the awareness of physicians to this devastating condition.
Chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis of distal ulna in a paediatric patient: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Mahajan Neetin P. , Sangma Sunny M. , Jarika Ashish Kumar , Mhatre Jayesh Anant
Published: April 2022

Chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is a rare disorder characterized by focal aseptic inflammation with a self-limiting, relapsing course of disease with female predominance and usually observed in paediatric age groups diagnosed by clinical, radiological and histopathological findings after ruling out all other differentials. We reported this rare case found in a 7 year old female with a history of greenstick fracture of distal ulna 3 years ago with flaring up of pain and swelling since trivial trauma to left wrist 1 month ago. We emphasize on the relevant data and findings to reach the conclusive diagnosis and treatment of the disease. CNO can present as benign unifocal non-relapsing to more severe form of multifocal relapsing inflammatory lesions involving metaphysis of long bones, vertebrae, clavicle and mandible. Diagnosis is made after excluding infection, malignancy, auto-immune and metabolic disorders. Treatment is mainly empirical to reduce pain and inflammation through NSAIDs, corticosteroids, bisphosphonates and sometimes TNF alpha inhibitors as no proper guidelines are available.
Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis
Authors: Al Awfi Mahmood M , Al Rahbi Salim K
Published: April 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to retrospectively describe the clinicopathological pattern and management experience of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis in women receiving care at the Royal Hospital, a tertiary care centre in Oman. The study then compared the researchers’ experience with the current literature trends. Methods: The data of patients from January 2012 to December 2017 were reviewed retrospectively, after receiving ethical approval from the Centre of Studies and Research. Results: This retrospective study included 64 patients were confirmed to have idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. All patients were in the premenopausal phase, with only one being nulliparous. Mastitis was the most common clinical diagnosis; furthermore, half of the patients had a palpable mass. Most patients had received antibiotics during the span of their treatment. Drainage procedure was done in 73% of the patients, whereas excisional procedure was done for 38.7%. Only 52.4% of patients were able to achieve complete clinical resolution within six months of follow-up. Conclusion: There is no standardised management algorithm due to the paucity of high-level evidence comparing different modalities. However, steroids, methotrexate and surgery are all considered to be effective and acceptable treatments. Moreover, current literature tends towards multimodality treatments planned tailored case-to-case based on the clinical context and patients’ preference.
Keywords: Granulomatous Mastitis; Mastitis; Breast Diseases; Oman.
Study of Serum Electrolytes and Calcium Changes in Children with Severe Pneumonia and it’s Outcome
Authors: Joshi Deepa Dinesh , Chaddha Sanjita Ram , Patil Suhas , Ahire Nilesh Vitthalrao
Published: April 2022

Background: Electrolyte imbalance is one of the serious complications in hospitalized children with severe pneumonia. Monitoring of changes in electrolytes is very essential to prevent the complications leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Aims and objectives: To study serum electrolytes and calcium disturbances in patients with severe pneumonia. To identify relation of serum electrolytes with outcome of severe pneumonia. Material and Methods: After taking approval of ethics committee of our institute, we studied a total of hundred cases over a span of 24 months- August 2018 to December 2020. Study is carried out among cases of severe pneumonia and community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in age group of 2 months to 5 years admitted in pediatrics department of tertiary care centre in Maharashtra. Laboratory investigations of serum sodium, potassium, chloride and calcium levels were noted at admission and 24 hours after hospitalization. Results: This is observational cross study carried out in 100 children of severe pneumonia admitted in paediatric intensive care unit at Dr. Vasantrao Pawar Medical College, Nashik to observe and study electrolyte changes in them. Most children were in age group of 2 months to 12 months (i.e., 72%) followed by 28% in age group of 13 months to 60 months. At admission most common abnormality was hypocalcemia 49% followed by hyponatremia 27%, hyperchloremia 7%, hyperkalemia 6%, hypernatremia 6%, hypokalemia 4%, hypochloremia 1%. After 24 hours of stabilization hyponatremia was most common 40%, followed by hapocalcemia 43%, hypokalemia 9%, hypernatremia 8%, hyperkalemia 4%, hyperchloremia 4%. Conclusion: Mortality was significantly higher in cases with chloride level abnormality than with normal chloride level. Cases with disturbances in electrolytes showed higher mortality than those without electrolyte disturbances. Hyponatremia and hypokalaemia were associated with adverse outcomes in pneumonia cases. Electrolyte disturbances are commonly seen in pneumonia cases, so we should monitor them properly while treating them to avoid complications. Hyponatremia in pneumonia occurs due to Syndrome of Inappropriate Anti Diuretic Hormone secretion (SIADH). Hyponatremia at admission significantly affect outcome in terms of prolonged duration of hospitalization and two fold increase in mortality.
To Study Functional Outcome of Humeral Shaft Fractures Treated by Intramedullary Nailing Versus Dynamic Compression Plating at a Tertiary Health Care Centre
Authors: Chudsasama Vishwesh Devendrasinh , Pangavane Sandeep , Devasthali Kaustubh Satish , Shelavale Sameer Nandkumar , Zade Shubham , Harkar Vishal
Published: April 2022

Background: The proportion of humeral shaft fractures being treated conservatively reportedly varies from 33% to 95%. Nonsurgical treatment results in higher incidence of union and fewer complications than open reduction and internal fixation. Aims and Objectives: To study and compare the functional outcome of Dynamic Compression Plating and Interlock Nailing for humeral shaft fractures. Material and Methods: After taking approval of ethics committee of our institute, we studied a total of sixty cases over a span of 36 months – October 2018 to December 2020. Study was carried out on cases of humeral shaft fractures requiring operational intervention in department of orthopaedics of tertiary care centre in Maharashtra. Results: A total of 76.7% cases in plating group had excellent outcome as compared to 56.7% in nailing group. Also poor to fair outcome was noted more in nailing group (13.4% vs 10%). Conclusion: Statistically comparable results have been observed for patients undergoing surgical intervention for humeral shaft fractures among locking plating and intramedullary nailing. Both provide excellent and favourable results in terms of union and function, however a higher rate of excellent results and tendency for union was seen with dynamic compression plating group.
Comparison Between Functional Outcomes of Bone Patellar Tendon Bone Autografts versus Semitendinosus Autografts for Reconstruction of Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Authors: Devasthali Kaustubh Satish , Joshi Satyen Prafull , Tidke Saurabh Rajendra , Chudsasama Vishwesh Devendrasinh , Zade Shubham
Published: April 2022

Purpose: Our study of comparison of functional outcomes and complications of bone patellar tendon bone autograft and semitendinosus autograft for Anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction. Material and Methods: 60 patients were operated for ACL reconstruction in a tertiary health care setup, out of them 30 were operated with semitendinosus graft and 30 were operated with bone-patellar tendon-bone graft and were reviewed at 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months. After the procedure, the patients were assessed for the functional outcome using Tegner-lysholm knee scoring scale and also with International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Scoresat. Results: Mean lysholm score was comparable between STA and BPTB groups at baseline (41.50 vs 41.77; p-0.81). The mean scores significantly improved in both group at each follow up and was recorded as 93.43 and 90.6 by the end of one year in STA and BPTB group respectively. The improvement was slightly better in STA group at each follow up. Conclusion: Arthroscopic/open anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction by either semitendinosus autograft or bone patellar tendon graft gives satisfactory results in short term follow up in terms of knee functions. However, Rehabilitation with bone patellar tendon bone autografts group was accelerated in balance proprioception and running as compared to semitendinosus autografts also creep of graft is mostly seen in semitendinosus autografts which is less likely to be seen in bone patellar tendon bone autografts.
Functional Outcomes of Intra Articular Distal End Femur Fractures Treated with Locking Compression Plating
Authors: Zade Shubham Siddheshwar , Sonawane Rajesh , Pangavane Sandeep , Harkar Vishal , Devasthali Kaustubh , Chudasama Vishwesh D.
Published: April 2022

Background: Distal femur fractures represent 4-6% of all the femoral fractures and they occur within the 9 terminal centimeters. Most distal femur fractures are the result of a severe axial load with a varus, valgus or rotational force. Though various treatment options are available for the management of these injuries with their own advantages and disadvantages, treatment of these fractures with the angle stable constructs using Locking compression plating remains the most desirable treatment option. Objectives: To study the functional outcomes and complications of intra-articular distal end femur fractures treated with Locking Compression Plating. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 3 years on 47 patients requiring operational intervention for distal end femur fractures. Results: We studied different parameters like age of the patients, mode of injury, type of injury according to AO classification, duration of hospitalization, movement of knee after operation, Neer’s score results, union or non-union and compared our studies with other studies we find satisfactory results in our study in outcome of the patient As per the Neer’s knee score, excellent and good outcome was seen in 48.9% and 38.3% cases while fair and poor outcome was seen in 8.5% and 4.3% cases respectively. Conclusion: From our study we concluded that Distal femoral-LCP, the “internal fixator” was a safe and reliable implant although careful preoperative planning and case selection were important factors which determine the final outcome.
Neonatal Tinea: A Rare Entity and a Case Report
Authors: Hiremath Sindhushree , Zawar Vijay , Nikam Vivek
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Dermatophyte infections are a rarity in infants, with infection in neonates being still rarer. Case Report: We present a case of a 15-day-old female neonate with few, well-defined, scaly plaques present on the right cheek. Initial suspicion was of contact dermatitis and seborrheic dermatitis. Presence of tinea corporis and cruris in the father prompted us to do KOH examination which revealed the presence of fungal elements. Affected neonate was given treatment in the form of topical sertaconazole for 2 weeks after which the lesions resolved. After 2 months follow up, no recurrence was seen. Conclusion: Always when in doubt, examination of the paramedical staff, doctors and family members handling the baby can give a clue to the diagnosis.
Study of Different Methods of Midline Laparotomy Incision Closure and their Outcomes
Authors: Joshi Dinesh , Varandani Nikunj , Vaidya Mandar
Published: April 2022

Background: The closure of such a laparotomy wound is important to minimize the postoperative complications like wound pain, infection, dehiscence and incisional hernia. Aims: The objectives of this study was to study the various techniques of midline laparotomy incision closure and their outcomes like wound dehiscence, wound infection and incisional hernia up to six months. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 patients who were operated for midline laparotomy were included as subject material after they satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Most common indication of laparotomy in the study was gastric ulcer perforation. Incidence rate of surgical site infection, wound dehiscence and incisional hernia was lower in cases of smaller bite length. Incidence rate of surgical site infection wound dehiscence and incisional hernia was lower with continuous suturing. Conclusion: The study results showed that best technique for midline laparotomy incision closure is small bite continuous suturing with mass closure. The small bites technique with continuous suturing showed better results than small bite technique with interrupted suturing. Present study thus recommends that small bite continuous suturing with mass closure should be considered as the standard closure technique for midline incisions.
Study to Evaluate Correlation between Serum Uric Acid Levels and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography at Tertiary Health Care Centre
Authors: Kirloskar Madhuri , Kulkarni Gaurav Balasaheb , Chaudhari Sandeep , Ketkar Manohar
Published: April 2022

Background: Coronary heart disease constitutes an immense public health problem. Myocardial Infarction is one of kind components of cardio vascular disease burden all around the world. Aim: Many epidemiologic studies have shown raised uric acid levels to predict increased risk of cardiovascular events. Studies have addressed the value of this biomarker across the whole range of patients with ACS (Acute Coronary Syndrome) especially in Indian scenarios. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether there is an association between serum uric acid level with CAD (Coronary Artery Disease) risk factors and its severity in ACS patients. Also to know the prognostic value of serum uric acid levels in those patients undergoing coronary angiography for underlying coronary artery diseases. Material and Methods: This prospective observational study included 200 random patients admitted with Acute Coronary Syndrome in the ICU and medicine department of the institution. The presence and severity of CAD was determined by the following clinical vessel score; Absent: No coronary lesions, 1 vessel, 2 vessels and 3 vessels - disease based on the number of coronary arteries involved. The correlation of serum uric acid levels with CAD risk factors and the severity of CAD in the ACS patients was analysed statistically. Results: There was a significant association between uric acid and the coronary angiographic findings (P<0.001). The patients in the hyperuricemia group had more number of coronary vessels involved than the other group. Conclusion: The serum uric acid level is correlated with the presence and severity of CAD by coronary angiographic findings (P<0.001) in the Acute Coronary Syndrome patients. Uric acid being an inexpensive and easily available biochemical marker, it will be of much use in settings with restricted resources. Serum uric acid levels can be used to predict the severity of CAD.
Prevalence of Pathological Myopia and Its Association with Ocular Disorders
Authors: Parati Ashwin , Patil Mrunal , Gadsingh Kalpana , Shah Anup
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Pathological myopia (PM) is defined as the presence of structural changes due to axial elongation in eyes with high myopia. Numerous vision-threatening conditions are known to be more prevalent in eyes with pathological myopia including retinal detachment, myopic retinoschisis, macular holes, choroidal neovascularization, and chorioretinal atrophy. These pathological changes often lead to progressive loss of vision. Present study was conducted to find out the burden of pathological myopia and its associated factors at a tertiary care centre. Materials and Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted including a sample size of 345 with at least -5.0 D spherical equivalent of myopia in both eyes. Each subject was interviewed followed by extensive ophthalmologic screening examination, including measurements of visual acuity and fundus examination by Direct & Indirect Ophthalmoscopy. Data was analysed using SPSS ver. 21.0 using appropriate statistical tests. Results: Prevalence of pathological myopia among myopia cases between 7 to 40 years old was 9%. Among 31 cases of pathological myopia, juvenile and youth onset was seen in 29% cases each while early adult onset was seen in 41.9% cases. Prevalence was more in females (12.4%) as compared to males (5.7%). Low visual acuity, high spherical/ cylindrical error and high intra-ocular pressure were significantly associated with pathological myopia. Mean axis length in both right and left eye was significantly more in cases with pathological myopia (p<0.05). Conclusion: Around one in ten myopia cases suffers from pathological myopia. Pathological myopia is more common in males especially during adulthood and is associated with poor visual acuity and axial elongation. Another important finding observed in present study was presence of raised intra-ocular pressure among high myopic cases which can be a risk factor for development of optic neuropathy.
Study to Assess for Improvement in Renal Function following Anderson Hynes Pyeloplasty for Congenital Pelvi Ureteric Obstruction in Children
Authors: Kamble Shishir , Vaidya Mandar
Published: April 2022

Background: Pelvi Ureteric Junction Obstruction (PUJO) is defined as an obstruction to the free flow of urine from the renal pelvis to the proximal ureter1. It is the most common cause of obstructive uropathy in the paediatric age group. Aims: To check for improvement in renal function following Anderson Hynes pyeloplasty for congenital PUJ obstruction and to find out at what age should a child be operated for best improvement in renal functions. Material and Methods: A total of 20 patients undergoing Anderson Hynes Pyeloplasty were included after they satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: In this study it was observed that post Anderson Hynes pyeloplasty, a total of 60% children showed improvement in renal functions, in 30% there was no change in renal function while 10% showed deterioration in renal functions, requiring re-operation. The improvement was statistically significant Mean eGFR in cases improved from 32.25 to 38.5 mL/min/1.73 m2 after Anderson Hynes pyeloplasty. The improvement was statistically significant Mean renal functions in cases improved from 29.05% to 33.7% after Anderson Hynes pyeloplasty. No complications were reported in 85% of the cases after Anderson Hynes pyeloplasty. UTI developed in 2 cases (10%) while pyonephrosis was seen in 1 case (5%). Conclusion: Anderson Hynes Pyeloplasty is an effective treatment for congenital Pelvi Ureteric Junction obstruction in pediatric population. In this study it was observed that the earlier we operate the better is the improvement in function.
A Study of Correlation between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Glycosylated Haemoglobin in a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Rajyaguru Devangana M. , Kolte Anupama R. , Bajaj Preeti S.
Published: April 2022

Background: Diabetes is a silent killer. Looking at the alarming presence of diabetes and its morbidity and mortality in India, we need to diagnose this metabolic disorder accurately and at the earliest. We have carried out this study to determine correlation of fasting blood glucose, post meal blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and to find the cut off value of glycosylated haemoglobin to diagnose type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among 298 cases of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus attending a tertiary care centre in Maharashtra during August 2018 to August 2020. Results and Conclusions: Majority were males and in the age group of 41 to 50 years. Fasting Blood Glucose (FBS) and Postprandial Blood Glucose (PPBS) are strongly correlated to Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c). Association between FBS and PPBS is statistically significant. Correlation of PPBS and HbA1c is stronger than that of FBS and HbA1c. Cut off level of HbA1c is higher in the study subjects in comparison to standard cut off value of 6.5%.
Pattern of Respiratory Diseases and Comorbidities in Patients Attending Casualty Department
Authors: Raj Nikhil , Shinde Ravindra , Dugad Sushama , Khandpur Jaspreet Singh , Bharadi Siddhesh
Published: April 2022

Background: The common causes of respiratory emergencies include pneumonias, acute severe asthma, acute exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary diseases (COPD), TB, lung cancers, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, pulmonary embolism and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) from other causes. Aims and Objectives: To study patterns and co-morbidities of respiratory disease in patients attending casualty department. Materials and Methods: This Cross Sectional Study was conducted on 193 patients of Respiratory disease attending emergency department in Medical College and tertiary health care institute. Study was conducted for a period of 2 years (August 2018 to December 2020). Patients were enrolled after matching inclusion and exclusion criteria. Institutional ethics committee permission was taken prior study. Observations and Results: The most common age group amongst study population was 51 to 60 years (39.4%) followed by 61 to 70 years (37.8%) and more than 70 years (19.2%). There was male predominance (76.7%) amongst study population as Most of the study population had normal BMI (55.4%) followed by Underweight (27.5%) and Overweight (13.5%). Most of the study population were Farmer (37.3%) followed by Housewife (23.5%), Labourer (11.8%) and Shopkeeper (9.8%). The most common clinical features amongst study population was Breathlessness (100%) followed by Cough with expectoration (58%) and dry cough (22%). Most of the study population had mMRC Dyspnoea Grade 3 (48.2%) followed by grade 2 (30.1%), grade 4 (11.9%), grade 1 (9.8%). COPD (38%) was the most common respiratory disease amongst study population followed by Pleural effusion (19%), Asthma (15%), Pulmonary TB (11%), Pneumonia (6%), Pneumothorax (4%), ARDS (3%), ILD (2%), Pulmonary embolism (1%) and Swine flu (1%). Diabetes (46%) was the most common comorbidity amongst study population followed by Hypertension (36%), Ischemic Heart Disease (15%), Chronic Liver Disease (11%), Chronic kidney Disease (8%), Pneumonia (6%), Pneumothorax (4%) and Malignancy (2%). Conclusion: In the present study, Diabetes (46%) was the most common comorbidity amongst study population followed by Hypertension (36%), Ischemic Heart Disease (15%), Chronic Liver Disease (11%), Chronic kidney Disease (8%), Pneumonia (6%), Pneumothorax (4%) and Malignancy (2%). This findings was comparable with the study conducted by Sonisha Gupta et al. (2016)41, among these patients 10 (35.7%) were diabetic, 16 (57.1%) hypertensive, 6 (21.4%) had cardiac problem and 17 (60.7%) joint pain.
A Study of Ocular Fundus Findings in Hypertension during Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Gaikwad Chetan , Khune Ajit , Mahadik Sanjay , Balwir Dhiraj
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Hypertension is one of the most common medical disorders during pregnancy, affecting 6-8% of all pregnancies. Around 16-25% of 1st pregnancy &12-15% of subsequent pregnancies8. Ocular fundus changes are found in 40% to 100% of pregnant women with raised blood pressure, whose severity correlates with pre-eclampsia or eclampsia. In hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, ophthalmic manifestations include conjunctival vasculopathy, hypertensive retinopathy, exudative retinal detachment, hypertensive choroidopathy. The retina is involved due to the basic pathology of vasospasm and increased capillary permeability, the consequences of vascular endothelial dysfunction. Rare complications were reversible cortical blindness, and extra-ocular muscle palsy have been documented. Methodology: The present study was conducted in the Outpatient Department (OPD) of Ophthalmology at Dr. Vasantrao Pawar Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Nashik , Maharashtra. All the 182 cases included in this study underwent indirect ophthalmoscopy during the study period of 2 years (August 2018 to December 2020). Patients were collected from ANC clinic of department of obstetrics and Gynaecology OPD. Results: Prevalence of abnormal fundus findings was 10.1% in grade I hypertension while it was 100% in cases with grade II and III hypertension. A significant association was observed between severity of hypertension and abnormal fundus findings (p<0.01). Prevalence of abnormal fundus findings was 0% among cases with no proteinuria while it was 85.7% in cases with grade 1+ proteinuria. All the cases with grade 2+ or more proteinuria had abnormal fundus findings. A significant association was observed between severity of proteinuria and abnormal fundus findings (p<0.01). No association was observed between laboratory parameters like haemoglobin, uric acid and blood urea nitrogen levels with abnormal fundus findings (p>0.05). Conclusion: As these vascular changes in the retina usually correlate with the severity of the systemic hypertension, the eyes can truly be considered a mirror to the otherwise elusive vascular changes occurring elsewhere in the body. It thus stands to reason that observing the retinal changes holds the ability to prognosticate and also determine the severity of the disease. Fundoscopy is an essential investigation that needs to be done in all cases of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with special emphasis in younger and primigravida women.
Application of Bethesda System For Cervical Cytology at a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Bajaj Preeti S. , Baviskar Priyanka , Rajyaguru Devangana M. , Chaudhari Rajendra A.
Published: April 2022

For early screening of the cervical lesion cervical smear is a sensitive test and most widely used system for describing Pap smear result is The Bethesda System. Aims and Objectives : The present study was conducted to look for the epithelial cell abnormalities in cervix using Bethesda system of reporting for cervical cytology, to implicate The Bethesda System of reporting (2014) during assessment of Pap smear, to detect cervical cancer and its pre-cancerous lesions (LSIL-Low grade intraepithelial lesion and HSIL-High grade intraepithelial lesion) at an early stage by Pap smear examination and to create awareness about cervical cancer and importance of Pap smear as  a screening test in disease prevention. Materials and Methods: The present study was undertaken at a tertiary health care, out of 250 cervical smears, we excluded 10 smears which were inadequate to opine. So, the total of 240 smears got reported according to The Bethesda System 2014. Observations and Results:  The youngest patient was 18 year old and the oldest was 75 year old female. A total of 4% Pap smears were reported as unsatisfactory. The most common complaint of patients was discharge per vaginum which accounts for a total of 38% followed by abdominal pain is showed in 8% of cases. The most common infection was bacterial vaginosis followed by candida, Trichomonas. The frequency of normal (NILM) cases was 78%.ASCUS was found in 4.58%, LSIL was found in 9.17%, HSIL was found in 1.67% & SCC was found in 3.33% cases. Proportion of LSIL was more in age group 41-50 years i.e. 21.15 %. Conclusion : Pap test has significant utility worldwide. Bethesda system used for cervical cytology is not only a uniform & standard method but also gives descriptive diagnosis that helps clinicians in individualized patient management. It helps in preventing invasive cervical cancer by detecting & treating women with precancerous lesions & the effectiveness is determined by reduction in incidence & mortality.
Measuring the Efficiency of the Azerbaijan Banking System with Data Envelopment Analysis (2015-2019)
Authors: SELAMZADE Fuad , BAGHİROV Alig
Published: April 2022

It is the duty of the Central Bank of the Azerbaijan Republic to apply monetary policy for the development of the banking system in the country. The Central Bank is responsible for the balanced and efficient use of banks' resources for the growth of the economy throughout Azerbaijan. In this study, the measurement of the efficiency of all 25 banks operating in Azerbaijan between 2015 - 2019 was investigated with constant return to scale, variable return to scale and Super efficiency models of an input-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis. According to the analysis results, efficient and inefficient banks were identified and compared, and potential improvement suggestions were developed for inefficient banks. With this, it was thought that the resources for the banking system could be used more efficiently. It has been recommended to the inefficient banks that they should increase their efficiency based on the effectiveness rates from the efficient banks such as Gunay Bank, Bank VTB, AFB Bank and Bank of Baku as reference. It is also recommended to reduce deposit costs in order to increase the volume of deposits to be received from customers. According to the findings, the efficiency of the banking system has increased over the years, and as a result, the average efficiency score of banks operating in Azerbaijan was 75 in 2015 and 95 in 2019. This research will be a source of resources for future researchers, banks, and bank employees and analysts.
Ezafe (Genitive) in Zaza Language
Authors: ARSLAN İlyas
Published: April 2022

Ezafe, which is known as Genitive in European languages and used in Turki, Iranian and Sami languages spoken in the Middle East, is used to link two syntactic elements. Generally, one of the elements is the possessor and the other one is the modifier. There are grammatical elements that link these syntactic structures which at least consist of two units. The historical development of these elements, which varies according to languages, in Iranian languages did not follow the same process. While the languages classified in Northwest Iranian languages, such as Zazaki, varies with a nominal construction, , there are some similarities with Zazaki in the languages belonging to the Southwest Iranian languages group. The purpose of this article is to explore the structures of the nominal phrase in Zaza Language. Both noun and adjective phrases will be analyzed in detail, and other nominal phrases will also be scrutinized. It will also be examined whether these syntactic structures have semantic functions. The origin of Ezafe will be traced back to the Old Iranian languages, and its structure in the Modern Iranian languages will also be investigated. The similarities and differences will be discussed by comparing the functioning of the Zaza language with other Iranian languages. In addition, the nominal phrase constructions in many Zaza dialects will be examined, and it will be investigated whether there are differences between them.
El vocabulario de Velasco 1787: finalidad de su confección
Authors: Calvo Pérez Julio
Published: April 2022

No contiene resúmen
Flexibilidad para la normalización en lenguas originarias
Authors: Albó Xavier
Published: April 2022

No contiene resúmen
Las lenguas mundiales: nuevos vehículos de comunicación
Authors: Solá Donald F.
Published: April 2022

No contiene resúmen
La Relación y conçudio de Hernán Gallegos: glosa, guía y memoria de Nuevo México 1581-1582
Authors: Ahern Maureen
Published: April 2022

No contiene resúmen
La literatura española en la crítica peruana
Authors: Rodríguez Rea Miguel Ángel
Published: April 2022

No contiene resumen
Los espacios de los libros en el Perú colonial
Authors: Guibovich Pérez Pedro
Published: April 2022

No contiene resumen
¿Es posible una teoría de la palabra?
Authors: Lara Luis Fernando
Published: April 2022

No contiene resumen
La determinación temporal hasta que en español. Aspectos gramaticales, discursivos y normativos
Authors: Méndez Ga de Paredes Elena
Published: April 2022

No contiene resumen
Las expresiones de la "ausencia" y de la "negación"
Authors: Pottier Bemard
Published: April 2022

No contiene resumen
Rasgos socio-indexicales en la dinámica urbana
Authors: Ploog Kalja , Reich Uli
Published: April 2022

No contiene resumen
El Apologético de Espinosa Medrano y su contexto histórico
Authors: Guibovich Pérez Pedro
Published: April 2022

No contiene resumen
Representaciones estéticas de la oralidad en La Mara de Rafael Sánchez Heredia
Authors: Bürki Yvette
Published: April 2022

No contiene resumen
Los riesgos de la glotocronología Reflexiones desde la familia uro-chipaya
Authors: Zariquiey Roberto
Published: April 2022

No contiene resumen
Concepción Company Company y Marcela Flores Cervantes, Manual de Filología hispánica. México, UNAM, 2001, 152, pp. (1. Fonética y Fonología Históricas).
Authors: Arias Beatriz
Published: April 2022

No contiene resumen
Transferencia de funciones evidenciales del quechua: El rol de pues como marcador discursivo en el español andino
Authors: Zavala Virginia
Published: April 2022

El artículo no presenta resumen.
En torno a la junción como dimensión universal del lenguaje
Authors: Renwick Ricardo
Published: April 2022

El artículo no presenta resumen
General Overview of Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF)
Authors: Choudhary S.K. , Kumar Rajesh , . Seema , Kumar Abhishek
Published: April 2022

India will surpass China as the most populated country in the world, with an estimated nearly 1.67 billion people by 2050 (World Population Data Sheet, October 2019). In order to feed this population, the country has to adopt a policy of vertical growth in productivity as the opportunities of further horizontal expansion of cultivated area are almost exhausted. Continuous cropping depletes the soilnutrient reserves and hence, the soils are to be replenished with the essential major andminor plant nutrients. In this context, Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF) given by Subhash Palekar is not appropriate technology to adopt the farmers because in this technique, cannot provide adequate quantity of nutrients required forhigher crop productivity as soil has a limited nutrient supplying capacity. In addition, ZBNFrecommends use of traditional varieties of crops having almost half the yield potential ofmodern high yielding varieties. Thus, farmers will not earn enough to double their income with low crop productivity.