bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Echocardiographic Assessment of the Left Ventricular Physical Parameters: A Comparison Study in Patients With Significant and Non-Significant Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Ahmadi Zeinab Alsadat , Mokhtari-Dizaji Manijhe , Sadeghpour Anita , Khesali Hamideh , Firouzi Ata
Published: November 2020

BackgroundIn this study, physical parameters of the strain of left ventricle (LV), wall stress with a thick-walled ellipsoidal model, and elastic modulus of LV were extracted for distinguishing patients who were stent candidates.Materials and MethodsEighty-eight patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) underwent echocardiography and angiography. Based on angiography results, the patients were divided into two groups (64 patients candidate for PCI (percutaneous coronary intervention) and 24 cases in the control group). Long-axis and short-axis echocardiographic views were acquired. Radial, longitudinal, and circumferential stress were estimated by the thick-walled ellipsoidal model. Circumferential strain (CS) and longitudinal strain (Ls) were obtained for 18 segments in the endocardium layer of LV, and then GLS (global longitudinal strain) and GCS (global circumferential strain) were calculated.ResultAnterior and inferoseptal circumferential wall stresses in end-systole (ES) were statistically significant (P<0.05), but radial and longitudinal stress were not significant (P>0.05). Peak systolic GCS and GLS were lower in the PCI group (-18.13±3.03 and -16.57±2.88%) compared to the control group (-21.97±3.97 and 19.14±2.17%), respectively (p<0.05). The receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis revealed that GLS and GCS had the highest area under the ROC curve with a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 63% for GLS and sensitivity of 71% and specificity of 59% for GCS.ConclusionStress and strain parameters are suggested as non-invasive and quantitative tools for measuring left ventricular function before angiography. Regional elastic modulus was a powerful predictor that can be distinguishing significant CAD patients.
Chinese Parental Awareness of Protective Measures for Children During COVID-19 Outbreaks
Authors: Peng Niang-Huei , Li ZhenZhen , Meng Hongyan , Chang Yue‐Cune , Zhou JianFu
Published: November 2020

BackgroundCurrently children’s COVID-19 case numbers are gradually increased in various countries, and many parents fear for their children’ safety after schools reopen. The aim of this research was to investigate Chinese parents’ awareness of pediatric COVID-19 in relation to protecting their children. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in Fujian and Jiangsu provinces in China using a web-based research questionnaire to investigate parents with children aged 6 to 16 years old. ResultsResearch samples included 1222 participants. 99.2% of participants were aware of respiratory transmission of COVID-19, and 75.6% also believed fecal-oral transmission to be possible. Although 98.3% of participants reported knowing how to properly wear and remove masks, most parents were unaware of good handwashing technique and answered incorrectly regarding cough etiquette. Research participants seemed uncertain of children’s symptoms. Awareness scores of participants significantly differed across parental role, educational attainment levels, and social-economic levels (P<0.005), with fathers, the better educated, and those of higher income showing higher levels of awareness. ConclusionResearch results suggest an urgent need for parental education regarding COVID-19 in children, especially regarding handwashing techniques and cough etiquette; educational facilities and outreach to parents and schoolchildren are particularly important.
Ganoderma Lucidum Modulates Neuronal Structure and Function Regulatory Protein Expression and Protein-protein Interaction in Alzheimer’s Disease Model Animals
Authors: Rahman Mohammad , Hossain Shahdat , Abdullah Noorlidah , Aminudin Norhaniza
Published: November 2020

BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading neurodegenerative disorder affecting memory, learning and behavior. Altered expression of proteins involved in neuronal structure and function is a recent observation of AD pathogenesis. Modulation of altered protein expression seems promising in AD therapeutics. In the present experiment, AD ameliorating effect of medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum had been evaluated through its effect on neuronal structure and function related protein expression pattern in AD model rats.MethodsWistar male rats (120 ± 5 gm) were divided into three groups: control (C), AD (A) and G. lucidum hot water extract (HWE) fed AD (AE), each group containing 15 rats. AD model rats were prepared by infusing Aβ1-42 (ab120959, abcam, USA) into the cerebral ventricles. Protein extraction from the brain samples was performed following homogenization of the hippocampus (50 mg ) with lysis buffer (1ml) using a homogenizer (Polytron PT 1200, Kinematica). Protein separation through SDS-PAGE and protein quantification through LC-chip MS/MS Q-TOF had been performed for label-free relative quantification. For statistical analyses, the data were exported to the Mass Profiler Professional (MPP) software and ANOVA (P<0.05) had been performed to overcome the complications of false discovery associated with multiple test analyses. Functional interaction networks of the proteins were identified using the STRING (Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins) database (version 10.0; http://string-db.org/). For further identifying over-representing pathways and biological functions, the ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA), build version: 389077M, content version: 27821452, (Release date: 2016-06-14) was used (https://www.ingenuity.com/wp-content/themes/ingenuity-qiagen). Datasets of the proteins significantly expressed (P<0.05) and having log fold change of 1.5 and higher were uploaded (AD versus C, AD versus AE and C versus AE). ResultsAmong 2,212 proteins identified in the present study, 819 had been found to be differentially expressed. Of the differentially expressed ones, 40 proteins linked with neuronal structure and function regulation had been observed in the present study. AD rats manifested altered expression of proteins associated with neuronal structure and function. G. lucidum hot water treatment ameliorated the altered expression of those proteins.ConclusionsAltered expression of hippocampal proteins is a hallmark of AD. Neuroproteomics regulatory approach towards AD amelioration seems promising. Inclusion of G. lucidum for proteomics based AD therapeutics in regulation of the proteins involved in neuronal structure and function seem apt. Thus, G. lucidum could be considered as an AD therapeutic agent.
Knowledge, Attitude, Perception and Preventive Practice Towards Novel Coronavirus 2019 in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Nwagbara Ugochinyere Ijeoma , Osuala Emmanuella Chinonso , Chireshe Rumbidzai , Bolarinwa Obasanjo Afolabi
Published: November 2020

Background: Recent statistics and studies have shown the adverse effects of the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) on population health and how knowledge, attitude, perception and practice (KAP) towards the virus can be the main key to limiting its spread in the absence of a vaccine. Thus, this study aims at mapping evidence on the KAP towards COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) using scoping review.Methods: The study will employ a systematic scoping review to identify, describe, and map literature on the KAP towards COVID-19 in SSA. The primary search will include peer-reviewed and grey literature. The search will be performed using the EBSCOhost platform and a keyword search from the following electronic databases will be conducted: PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Science Direct, World Health Organization (WHO) library, and grey literature. The study selection will be guided by the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A data charting table will be used to extract information from the included studies. Data will be analysed using NVIVO version 10 and a thematic content analysis will be used to present narrative account of the review.Discussion: We anticipate finding relevant literature on the KAP towards COVID-19 in SSA. The results of this study will help reveal research gaps in KAP towards COVID-19 and this will guide future research and highlight the new concepts discovered. Systematic review protocol registration: Open Science Framework https://osf.io/sdm46/.
Robotic Colonoscopy: Comparative Analysis of Costs Compared to Painless Conventional Colonoscopy
Authors: Sicuro Rosi , Tumino Emanuele , Lambiase Christian , Mamone Domenica
Published: November 2020

BackgroundAmong the various causes of death, colorectal carcinoma represents the second highest cause in frequency both in men and in women. A colorectal cancer is diagnosed every 3.5 minutes and a person dies of colorectal cancer every 9 minutes. In 2018, in Italy were recorded around 51.000 new cases, with a mortality rate of over 18.000 deaths. There is clear evidence demonstrating that the identification and treatment of cancer at an early stage positively influence the reduction in mortality. Colonoscopy is the most effective technique used to identify and remove polyps, thus avoiding the costs related to surgical treatment and hospitalization.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the costs of the system Endotics for robotic colonoscopy as an alternative to conventional diagnostic colonoscopy performed under anaesthesia at the University Hospital of Pisa.MethodsThe cost analysis was developed according to the Budget Impact Analysis method application, an essential and complementary part of the Health Technology Assessment evaluation, which has the main purpose of assessing the financial sustainability of new health technology, estimating the consequences of its use and diffusion in a specific context characterized by the limited availability of resources. The observation period covered a time interval of 3 months, during which an average of 43 colonoscopic procedures per day was performed and mapped and a total of 23 colonoscopes were used. ResultsOverall, the work done has allowed identifying the cost of a conventional painless diagnostic colonoscopy performed in our institution which amounts to € 426.25. The valuation of the costs of the robotic colonoscopy amounted overall to € 441.25.ConclusionsThe ideal procedure to diagnose a colon disease should be safe, well-tolerated, possibly non-invasive, with high diagnostic accuracy and, not least, cost-effectiveness. The results of this study suggest that in the University Hospital of Pisa the costs related to robotic colonoscopy performed with the Endotics system are superimposable to those of conventional painless colonoscopy, reducing the overall risk associated with the colonoscopic procedure maintaining a high diagnostic accuracy with a greater tolerability by the patient, thus pushing the colonoscopy towards “the ideal procedure”.
Adrenergic alpha-2 receptor antagonists regulate noise–induced metabolic and cognitive changes in rats
Authors: Manukyan Ashkhen , Grigoryan Artem , Hunanyan Lilit , Harutyunyan Hayk , Sukiasyan Lilit , Melkonyan Magdalina
Published: November 2020

Background: Noise is a modern life wide-spread stressor produced by urban traffic and the industrial environment. The noise stress causes central nervous system’s dysfunction and neurotransmission impairment in the brain, as well as changes the hormones levels which potentially result in psychological and behavioral problems. Underscoring the implications of the chronic stress, the aim of our investigation was to study the level of the malondialdehyde (MDA) in the plasma and erythrocytes’ membrane (EM), as well as the behavioral characteristics of experimental animals, and the influences of the α2-adrenoblockers to evident their modulating effect during noise exposure. Results: The obtained results imply increase of plasma and erythrocytes’ membrane MDA content which is an indicator of oxidative stress development. At the same time the noise impact decreases cognitive functions. Conclusion: The use of α2-adrenoblockers to the noise-exposed animals by the specific tests revealed a regulatory effect on the noise time-dependent delay in behavioral activity manifested by disorientation, increased anxiety, the spatial memory deficit. Reduction of the noise impact by α2-adrenoblockers was expressed by less level of MDA in the EM, in the 3rd and the 4th groups.
Renal function in patients with AQP4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Authors: Jiang Ying , Weng Ruihui , Huang Jing , Fan Rong , Chen Zhigang , Landis J. Richard , Chen Yong , Feldman Harold I. , Peng Fuhua
Published: November 2020

Background: Increasing evidence has demonstrated that AQP4-IgG can cause damage to kidney in AQP4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) patients. However, renal impairment in AQP4 antibody-positive NMOSD patients have not been conducted thus far. This study aimed to test and evaluate the changes of estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) in NMOSD patients.Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study that recruited 93 NMOSD patients, 56 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs), at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China during November 2012 and November 2017. eGFR, including eGFRCr, eGFRCysC and eGFRCr-CysC were conducted for all study individuals.Results: NMOSD patients has mildly, but statistically lower eGFRCysC value at both the acute and stable phases than MS patients and HCs, respectively. (NMOSD vs. MS: adjusted model: p=0.034 at the acute phase, p<0.001 at the stable phase; NMOSD vs. HCs: adjusted model: p=0.001 at the acute phase, p<0.001 at the stable phase). Meanwhile, there is no significant difference of eGFRCysC between MS patients and HCs at both the acute and stable phases. In addition, for NMOSD patients with low-dose glucocorticoid therapy, eGFRCysC<90ml/min/1.73 m2 was more likely to occur at the stable phase, compared to the acute phase (OR =4.68, 95% CI 1.19 to 18.34).Conclusions: Mildly impaired renal function might occur in patients with AQP4 antibody-positive NMOSD compared to MS.
Grape Pruning Material Improves Root Development and Soil Microecology in ‘Shine Muscat’ Grape Soils
Authors: Su Hong , Zhang He , Wang Chaoxia , Huang Jianquan , Shang Jiayin , Zhang Na , Wang Dan , Li Kai
Published: November 2020

The addition of pulverized grape pruning wood to grape soils has a positive effect on fruit quality. However, its effects on the soil microecology of the root zone and the growth of the grape plants are not fully understood. To address this, ‘Shine Muscat’ grapes were cultivated in media consisting of garden soil and crushed grape pruning material at different mass ratios [100:1 (T1), 50:1 (T2), 30:1 (T3), 20:1 (T4), and 10:1 (T5)] and in garden soil without the pruning material, as a control. The changes in the plant fresh weight, leaf area, soil and plant analyzer development (SPAD) value, root development, soil organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, and soil enzyme activity were determined over time. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to determine the soil bacterial community structures. The pruning supplementation increased the grape plants fresh weight, leaf area, and SPAD values. The T2 and T3 treatments increased the grape root length, surface area, and the projected area and number of the root tips; the soil organic carbon content, microbial biomass carbon content, soil invertase activity, amylase activity, and β-glucosidase activity were also significantly increased. The addition of the grape pruning material was found to increase the bacterial diversity and richness 60 and 150 days after treatment. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria were the dominant groups, and the grape pruning material increased the relative abundance of the Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria after 60 and 150 days. The relative abundance of the Actinobacteria in the T2 treatment was 1.7, 1.3, 1.5, and 1.3 times that of the control, after 60, 90, 120, and 150 days, respectively. The T2 treatment was identified as the optimal treatment for grapes in the field because it improved the soil microecology and promoted root and tree development the most compared with the other treatments tested.
Functions and Strategies to the Integration of Multicultural Values in Textbook Discourse for Elementary School Students
Authors: Sultan Sultan , Haris Hasnawi , Anshari Anshari
Published: November 2020

The research was designed to reveal two crucial issues in multicultural education, namely functions and strategies to the integration of multicultural values in textbook discourse. Content analysis was employed to generate systematic and objective findings. Data were collected from textbooks used by the fourth-grade students in Indonesia and published by the Ministry of Education and Culture, Republic of Indonesia. Data collection was performed using the read-and-quote technique. Data analysis consisted of identification, categorization, and interpretation. The results of the analysis reveal that (1) multicultural values represented in textbook discourse function to build students’ positive attitude towards individual, cultural, ethnic, and gender differences to instill an anti-discrimination attitude towards different ethnics, religions, races, and develop students’ pride in sociocultural diversity. (2) Multicultural values are internalized through fiction, story characterization, cultural products, songs, and ethnic philosophies. Sociocultural aspects, social problems, and characteristics of the students are identified as factors that may impact on the functions and strategies to the internalization of the multicultural values.
The Effect of Google Classroom Assisted Extensive Listening on Listening Comprehension Accross Learning Autonomy
Authors: Melani Melyann
Published: November 2020

The research aimed at identifying the effect of Google Classroom Assisted Extensive Listening (EL) on English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Students’ Listening Comprehension across Learning Autonomy (i.e., high learning autonomy, and low learning autonomy). The research involved 78 students from two classes, which were divided into the experiment and control group. The experiment class was treated by practicing EL with the support of Google Classroom, on the other hand, the control group was treated by practicing EL by using the traditional platform (written listening journal). The students in each group were further grouped based on their autonomy level (high and low). The result of the research reveals that the mean score of the experiment group is much higher than the control class. It means that students who practiced EL with the support of Google Classroom have better listening comprehension as compared to the students who practiced EL by using the traditional platform. However, the research indicates no interaction from each learning autonomy level with the listening comprehension of both groups.
Some aspects of comorbidity in hospitalized patients of a therapeutic hospital
Authors: Pyrikova Natalia V. , Antropova Oksana N. , Osipova Irina V. , Frolova Irina A.
Published: November 2020

Objective - to analyze the risk factors (RF) of noncommunicable diseases depending on the comorbidity index (CI) in hospitalized patients. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was performed at the Altai Regional Hospital for War Veterans. 128 people were invited to take part in the study during the month in the therapeutic department, 100 people agreed (78.1% response). The average age is 77.9±8.3 years, 48% of women, 52% of men. A general clinical examination, RF analysis of noncommunicable diseases, psychosocial factors, Montreal Cognitive Function Scale (MoCA test), and an examination by a neurologist to detect encephalopathy were performed. Based on the Charlson CI data, patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1 - CI 1-2 points - 46%, group 2 - CI 3-4 points - 38%, group 3 - CI 5 and more points - 16%. Results. Regardless of gender, CI 5 or more was more common than CI 1-2 by 16.8%; among men, CI 5 and more occurred more often than CI 3-4 by 17.8%; middle-aged persons were only in the group with CI 1-2. In patients with CI 5 or more, compared with patients with CI 1-2, there was a higher frequency of such RFs as obesity (by 29.9%, all persons with CI 5 or more had abdominal obesity), social isolation (by 29.7%), type D personality (by 36.5%), as well as cognitive impairment (by 28.5%) and encephalopathy (by 32.9%). Depression was found 26.1% more often in patients with CI 3-4 than in patients with CI 1-2. Conclusion. Comorbidity is not a mandatory condition characteristic of an aging population, it is primarily the result of individual behavior. Therefore, the identification and correction of RF of noncommunicable diseases, especially in conditions of comorbidity, seems to be an urgent task, which determines the success of treatment in this category of patients.
Simulation effect evaluation of single-outlet and multi-outlet calibration of Soil and Water Assessment Tool model driven by Climate Forecast System Reanalysis data and ground-based meteorological station data – a case study in a Yellow River source
Authors: Li Kai , Wang Yongqiang , Li Xiaodong , Yuan Zhe , Xu Jijun
Published: November 2020

It is the research hotspot in the field of hydrology to apply the climate model and its downscaling data into hydrological simulations, and it is very important to evaluate the accuracy of its data. In this study, the accuracy of Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) was evaluated from two perspectives: statistical evaluation and hydrological evaluation. In the hydrological evaluation, the applicability of CFSR in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model of the Yellow River source area was studied. The results show that CFSR temperature data at the source of the Yellow River is consistent with the measured temperature data, and CFSR precipitation data overestimates precipitation. In the Yellow River source runoff simulation, the SWAT model driven by CFSR can obtain satisfactory simulation results. It does not reduce the simulation accuracy at the total outlet of the basin under the multi-outlet calibration method. It also considers the spatial differences of hydrological characteristics of each sub-basin and improve the simulation accuracy of the sub-basin simulation.
Comparison of antecedent precipitation based rainfall-runoff models
Authors: Upreti Pankaj , Ojha C. S. P.
Published: November 2020

The Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method is one of the popular methods for calculating storm depth from a rainfall event. The previous research identified antecedent rainfall as a key element that controls the non-linear behaviour of the model. The original version indirectly uses five days antecedent rainfall to identify the land condition as dry, normal or wet. This leads to a sudden jump once the land condition changes. To obviate this, the present work intends to improve the performance of antecedent rainfall-based SCS-CN models. Two forms of SCS-CN model (M1 and M2), two recently developed P-P5 based models (M3 and M4), and an alternate approach of considering P5 in the SCS-CN model (M5 and M6), as proposed here, were investigated. Based on the evaluation of several error metrics, the new proposed model M6 has performed better than other models. The performance of this model is evaluated using rainfall-runoff events of 114 watersheds located in the USA. The median value of Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency was found as 0.78 for the M6 model followed by M5 (0.75), M3 (0.73), M4 (0.72), M2 (0.63) and M1 (0.61) model.
Estaquia caulinar de Rubus erythrocladus Mart. ex Hook.f em diferentes concentrações de ácido indolbutírico
Authors: Tagliari Balestrin Júlio , Oliveira Lamb Rodrigo , Ferrari Vinicius , Rogalski Juliana Marcia
Published: November 2020

O arbusto Rubus erythrocladus Mart. ex Hook.f. (amora-verde) é uma espécie endêmica do Brasil e uma das plantas alimentícias não convencionais que apresenta grande potencial de uso, devido ao sabor agradável de seus frutos e às altas concentrações de flavonoides. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentrações de AIB no enraizamento de estacas caulinares de R. erythrocladus. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação no IFRS – Campus Sertão, durante o período de novembro de 2018 a janeiro de 2019. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com seis concentrações (0, 500, 1.000, 2.000, 3.000, 4.000 mg L-1) de AIB, cinco estacas por unidade experimental e quatro repetições, totalizando 120 estacas. A percentagem de sobrevivência e de enraizamento das estacas, o número de raízes e o comprimento da maior raiz foram avaliados após 60 dias da implantação do experimento. Os dados foram analisados através de análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (α = 0,05). O número de raízes e o comprimento da maior raiz foram avaliados através de estatísticas descritivas (média e desvio padrão).  As estacas tratadas com AIB na concentração 1.000 mg L-1 apresentaram maior sobrevivência e enraizamento (60%), maior número de raízes (2,8 ± 2,6) e maior comprimento de raiz (6,5 ± 2,5 cm), diferindo estatisticamente dos demais tratamentos. A propagação por estaquia em R. erythrocladus é possível. A aplicação de AIB na concentração de 1.000 mg L-1 foi o melhor tratamento para a rizogênese das estacas.
Benefícios do Mindfulness para a aprendizagem
Authors: Marodin Karin Cristin , Sippert-Lanzanova Luciane , Rossi Taiana Vanessa
Published: November 2020

O presente artigo tem como tema os benefícios do Mindfulness para o desenvolvimento de crianças no contexto escolar. Nesse sentido, pretende-se refletir sobre a relação entre o Mindfulness e a aprendizagem, seus benefícios para o desenvolvimento integral de crianças. Para tanto, procurou-se identificar os benefícios que a prática do Mindfulness pode proporcionar quando praticada no contexto educacional, analisando pesquisas realizadas nas últimas duas décadas. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica, de cunho descritivo e exploratório. Os resultados evidenciam que esta temática tem sido bastante pesquisada, sendo abordada em muitas escolas e por muitos estudiosos. Muitos estudos comprovam e fundamentam melhoras significativas na saúde, na aprendizagem e nos relacionamentos entre os alunos após as práticas. Sendo assim, num contexto geral, fica claro que, praticar Mindfulness não auxilia somente para melhorias na aprendizagem, mas para o desenvolvimento físico, mental e emocional da criança.
Panax notoginseng Saponins Attenuate Neuroinflammation through TXNIP-Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Aging Rats
Authors: Zhou Zhiyong , He Menghan , Zhao Qingqing , Wang Dongfan , Zhang Changcheng , Liu Chaoqi , Zhao Haixia , Dun Yaoyan , He Yumin , Yuan Chengfu , Yuan Ding , Wang Ting
Published: November 2020

Introduction:

Microglia-mediated inflammatory responses play a crucial role in aging-related
neurodegenerative diseases. The TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway is a key pathway leading to microglial activation.
Panax notoginseng Saponins (PNS) have been widely used for the treatment of stroke in China.

Objective:

This study evaluates the anti-neuroinflammatory effect of PNS and investigates the mechanism
via TXNIP-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in aging rats.

Materials and Methods:

Eighteen-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the aging
control group and PNS treated groups (n=15 each group). For PNS-treated groups, rats were administrated
food with PNS at the doses of 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg for consecutive 6 months until they
were 24-month old. Rats from the aging control group were given the same food without PNS. Twomonth-
old rats were purchased and given the same food until they were 6-months old as the adult control
group (n = 15). Then, the cortex and hippocampus were rapidly harvested and deposited. H&E staining
was used to assess histo-morphological changes. Western blotting was carried out to detect the protein
expression. Immunofluorescence was employed to measure the co-localization of NLRP3, TXNIP and
Iba-1. In vitro model was established by LPS+ATP co-incubation in the BV2 microglia cell line.

Results::

Aging rats exhibited increased activation of microglia, accompanied by a high level of IL-1β
expression. Meanwhile, aging rats showed enhanced protein expression of TXNIP and NLRP3 related
molecules, which co-localized with microglia. PNS treatment effectively reduced the number of degenerated
neurons and reversed the activation of the TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammatory pathway. In vitro
results showed that PNS up to 100 μg/ml had no significant toxicity on BV2 microglia. PNS (25, 50
μg/ml) effectively reduced the inflammatory response induced by LPS and ATP co-stimulation, thus
inhibiting the expression of TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway-related proteins.

Discussion and Conclusion:

PNS treatment improved aging-related neuronal damage through inhibiting
TXNIP mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which provided a potential target for the
treatment of inflammation-related neurodegenerative diseases.
Sekolah dengan konsep pendidikan humanis
Authors: Sabaruddin Sabaruddin
Published: November 2020

Education is a shared duty and responsibility to develop awareness and insight between humans to continue life. Efforts to increase awareness, children's personality, and develop creativity gave birth to an educational approach called "humanization" in the current educational process. Efforts are needed to create humanist schools to create a diverse world of education for students and teachers alike. Humanist education has the concept that humans, as subjects, can face the world and their environment, as well as the ability to overcome and solve problems that will be faced by humans themselves. Humanist school is a school that loves and gives freedom in creativity according to students' interests and talents. The humanist curriculum's goal must be dynamic personal development, integrity, and autonomy, healthy personality attitudes to the environment. Teachers, as initiators, motivators, and facilitators, carry out learning to solve students' problems or social problems. Students understand their potential to develop their potential positive and minimize negative self-potential.
Peluang dan tantangan pendidikan karakter di era digital
Authors: Triyanto Triyanto
Published: November 2020

Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk membahas tentang peluang dan tantangan pendidikan karakter di era digital. Ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan naturalistik. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara survei, wawancara, observasi dan studi pustaka. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan enam tahapan dari Creswell. Pendidikan karakter di era digital memiliki berbagai tantangan dan peluang. Riset membuktikan bahwa era digital memberi peluang positif pada implementasi pendidikan karakter. Tantangan kita  adalah bagaimana mengajari siswa untuk  menavigasi etika di era digital. Beberapa tantangan yang harus dihadapi dalam pendidikan karakter di era digital mencakup keseimbangan, keselamatan dan keamanan, perundungan siber, sexting, hak cipta dan plagiarism. Para pembuat kebijakan pendidikan perlu berperan aktif dalam pengembangan berkelanjutan pembelajaran karakter secara digital untuk memastikan penerapan pembelajaran digital yang efektif.ABSTRACTThe purpose of this article is to discuss the opportunities and challenges of character education in the digital age. This is a qualitative research with naturalistic approach. Data were collected by surveys, interviews, observation and literature review. The data were analyzed by six stages from Creswell. Character education in the digital age has various challenges and opportunities. Research proves that the digital age provides positive opportunities for the implementation of character education. The challenge is how to teach students to navigate ethics in the digital age. Some of the challenges are balance, safety and security, cyber bullying, sexting, copyright and plagiarism. Education policy makers need to participate in the continuous development of digital character learning to implement effective digital learning.
Peningkatan kemampuan keaksaraan awal melalui permainan kartu angka pada anak kelompok A di TK Negeri Pembina Bantul
Authors: Sumarsih Sri
Published: November 2020

Mengenal keaksaraan awal menjadi kemampuan dasar yang perlu distimulasi sejak dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan keaksaraan awal melalui permainan kartu angka pada anak kelompok A di TK Negeri Pembina Bantul. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas. Adapun subjek penelitian sejumlah 20 anak, yang terdiri dari 5 anak laki-laki dan 15 anak perempuan. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, dengan instrumen pengumpulan data berupa lembar observasi. Kriteria keberhasilan dalam penelitian ini adalah apabila minimal 76 % anak sudah mencapai BSH (Berkembang Sesuai Harapan) ataupun BSB (Berkembang Sangat Baik). Adapun teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis data kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan mengenal keaksaraan awal dapat ditingkatkan melalui permainan kartu angka. Hal ini ditunjukkan pada jumlah anak yang berada pada kriteria Berkembang Sesuai Harapan (BSH) dan Berkembang Sangat Baik (BSB) mengalami peningkatan 57,89 %. Adapun langkah-langkahnya yaitu: guru menyiapkan kartu angka dan lembar kegiatan anak, anak mengambil lembar kegiatan dan kartu angka, anak bermain kartu angka dengan memilih dan menghubungkan gambar yang ada dalam lembar kegiatan dengan lambang bilangannya, dan anak mengkomunikasikan hasil menghubungkan gambar dengan kartu angka pada guru.
Membangun kesadaran lingkungan melalui ekopedagogik pada anak usia dini berlandaskan konsep Jan Ligthart
Authors: Kusumawardani Rd Roro Windy Amelya , Kuswanto Kuswanto
Published: November 2020

Jan Ligthart merupakan salah satu tokoh yang berjasa dalam dunia pendidikan. Konsep yang ia gunakan dalam pendidikan ialah pendidikan alam sekitar atau pendidikan yang berbasis alam. Adanya studi ini diharapkan bisa meningkatkan kesadaran lingkungan pada anak usia dini melalui ekopedagogik yang berdasarkan kepada teori Jan Ligthart agar anak usia dini mempunyai pondasi yang kokoh untuk kehidupannya kelak. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yaitu penelitian yang mengumpulkan data beserta fakta-fakta yang ada dari berbagai sumber. Hasilnya dari penelitian ini yaitu ternyata adanya kesadaran lingkungan pada anak usia dini sangat penting. Namun, masih ada pula hambatan yang terjadi yaitu kurangnya kesadaran pendidik dalam memahami ekopedagogik. Hal ini dilakukan untuk membahas masalah pentingnya anak usia dini mengenal serta mencintai lingkungannya tetapi bukan hanya melalui transfer of knowledge melainkan adanya implementasi langsung ke lapangan.
Developing geriatric face makeup enrichment book for students of Skin Beauty program in vocational high school
Authors: Ratri Pramesti Adika , Hamidah Siti
Published: November 2020

This research aims to: (1) produce a Geriatric Makeup Enrichment book as a teaching material of geriatric makeup for students of Purworejo 3 Vocational High School majoring in Beauty that is feasible and effective . This research is research and development applying the four-D. The product feasibility tests were carried out by two material experts and two media experts by validated the enrichment book through a questionnaire using a Likert scale was analyzed using conversion scores into four quantitative categories then tested the agreement between experts through the Cohen's Kappa test and its effectiveness was tested with a one-group case study technique and analyzed with gain scores. The subjects of this research trial were students of class XI Beauty in Purworejo 3 Vocational High School The data collection instruments used are observation guidelines, interview guidelines, experts’ validation questionnaire, teachers’ response questionnaire, students’ response questionnaire and ability test The research results are as follows. The enrichment book developed met the feasibility criteria according to material experts with a score of 3.59 (excellent) and there was agreement between material expert with a Cohen’s Kappa coefficient of 0.64 (good) Tthen, met the feasibility criteria according to media experts with a score of 3.70 (excellent) and there was an agreement between media with a Cohen’s Kappa coefficient value of 1.00 (excellent). Enrichment book developed was declared effective for use in XI grade students of Purworejo 3 Vocational High School majoring in Beauty and was included in medium category for value understanding with the gain score 0.5 and in a high category in skill value with the gain score 0.71.
Novel Indicator to Ascertain the Status and Trend of COVID-19 Spread: Modeling Study
Authors: Nakano Takashi , Ikeda Yoichi
Published: November 2020

Background

In the fight against the pandemic of COVID-19, it is important to ascertain the status and trend of the infection spread quickly and accurately.

Objective

The purpose of our study is to formulate a new and simple indicator that represents the COVID-19 spread rate by using publicly available data.

Methods

The new indicator K is a backward difference approximation of the logarithmic derivative of the cumulative number of cases with a time interval of 7 days. It is calculated as a ratio of the number of newly confirmed cases in a week to the total number of cases.

Results

The analysis of the current status of COVID-19 spreading over countries showed an approximate linear decrease in the time evolution of the K value. The slope of the linear decrease differed from country to country. In addition, it was steeper for East and Southeast Asian countries than for European countries. The regional difference in the slope seems to reflect both social and immunological circumstances for each country.

Conclusions

The approximate linear decrease of the K value indicates that the COVID-19 spread does not grow exponentially but starts to attenuate from the early stage. The K trajectory in a wide range was successfully reproduced by a phenomenological model with the constant attenuation assumption, indicating that the total number of the infected people follows the Gompertz curve. Focusing on the change in the value of K will help to improve and refine epidemiological models of COVID-19.
Leveraging Internet Search Data to Improve the Prediction and Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases: Retrospective Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Xu Chenjie , Cao Zhi , Yang Hongxi , Gao Ying , Sun Li , Hou Yabing , Cao Xinxi , Jia Peng , Wang Yaogang
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

As human society enters an era of vast and easily accessible social media, a growing number of people are exploiting the internet to search and exchange medical information. Because internet search data could reflect population interest in particular health topics, they provide a new way of understanding health concerns regarding noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and the role they play in their prevention.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to explore the association of internet search data for NCDs with published disease incidence and mortality rates in the United States and to grasp the health concerns toward NCDs.

METHODS

We tracked NCDs by examining the correlations among the incidence rates, mortality rates, and internet searches in the United States from 2004 to 2017, and we established forecast models based on the relationship between the disease rates and internet searches.

RESULTS

Incidence and mortality rates of 29 diseases in the United States were statistically significantly correlated with the relative search volumes (RSVs) of their search terms (P<.05). From the perspective of the goodness of fit of the multiple regression prediction models, the results were closest to 1 for diabetes mellitus, stroke, atrial fibrillation and flutter, Hodgkin lymphoma, and testicular cancer; the coefficients of determination of their linear regression models for predicting incidence were 80%, 88%, 96%, 80%, and 78%, respectively. Meanwhile, the coefficient of determination of their linear regression models for predicting mortality was 82%, 62%, 94%, 78%, and 62%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

An advanced understanding of search behaviors could augment traditional epidemiologic surveillance and could be used as a reference to aid in disease prediction and prevention.
Chiusa la questione? Rifl essioni sulla lingua e la poesia italiana recente
Authors: Zuccato Edoardo
Published: November 2020

Alcuni giovani poeti emersi con il nuovo millennio mostrano un rapporto con la lingua italiana disteso e naturale, che sembra prescindere del tutto da quella «questione della lingua» che ha caratterizzato la nostra tradizione. In parallelo, altri giovani poeti impiegano il dialetto, spesso accanto all’italiano, senza sensi di inferiorità o intenzioni confl ittuali, a diff erenza che in passato. La globalizzazione sta alterando radicalmente l’antico dualismo italiano-dialetto, già entrato in crisi negli anni Sessanta del Novecento. Al suo posto si sta imponendo un multilinguismo a cui partecipano nuovi attori con più orizzontali rapporti reciproci. Forse la vecchia questione della lingua è davvero giunta al termine, anche se per ora ciò che sta prendendo il suo posto può essere solo intravisto.
De l'utilité et de l'inconvénient des études (des avant-gardes) historique pour la "Romanistik"
Authors: Asholt Wolfgang
Published: November 2020

Depuis longtemps, nous ne sommes plus dans la situation où l’Existentialisme ou le Nouveau Roman étaient tenus pour exemplaires et la période de la French Theory est aussi largement révolue. Il appartient d’autant plus aux romanistes de mieux faire connaître une littérature contemporaine en langue française qui est plus variée et plus ouverte que le feuilleton journalistique ne nous la présente
Del pensamiento a la práctica decolonial
Authors: López-Labourdette Adriana , Wagner Valerie
Published: November 2020

Entre los muchos «giros de las últimas décadas, el denominado «decolonial» es quizás el más abarcador y al mismo tiempo más ambicioso. Abarcador, porque integra y a la vez inflexiona perspectivas y métodos precedentes; ambicioso, porque su objetivo es no solo cambiar las «reglas del juego» del conocimiento, sino también fomentar la recuperación de otras subjetividades, silenciadas bajo el peso de la Modernidad.  ¿Qué significa entonces «integrar» las críticas y prácticas decoloniales tanto en la constitución de islas de lectura, como en la manera en qué leemos los textos, incluyendo a los «clásicos»?  Este ensayo parte de esta pregunta para indagar sobre los modos de implementación de los objetivos decoloniales, no solo repasando sus principales propuestas teóricas, sino acercándose también a algunas prácticas concretas que intentan influir sobre todo el conocimiento, reorientar la relación entre saberes y poderes, y modificar tanto la constitución de diferentes cánones y bibliografías como el estatus jerárquico de los mismos. El alcance de estas prácticas decoloniales, como trataremos de mostrar, hace que más allá de las críticas acertadas a este nuevo giro, se haga difícil descartarlo completamente y que, incluso, sea provechoso integrarlo, también en nuestro quehacer universitario.
Mundialidad hispánica y literatura de la migración
Authors: Berlage Pauline
Published: November 2020

Este artículo trata del lugar que ocupa la literatura de la migración hispánica en el hispanoamericanismo contemporáneo al retratar las dinámicas reflexiones que abre así como sus límites. En un primer apartado, nos detendremos en el despertar de esta cuestión en el hispanismo e hispanoamericanismo europeo para, después, apuntar los rasgos definitorios de lo que ha venido a llamarse «literatura de la migración». Finalmente, se examinará la dimensión poscolonial que la producción y circulación de dichas obras implican en el marco de un debate acerca de una posible «mundialidad hispánica».
Calcium-sensing receptor (version 2020.5) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: Bikle Daniel , Bräuner-Osborne Hans , Brown Edward M. , Chang Wenhan , Conigrave Arthur , Hannan Fadil , Leach Katie , Riccardi Daniela , Shoback Dolores , Ward Donald T. , Yarova Polina
Published: November 2020

The calcium-sensing receptor (CaS, provisional nomenclature as recommended by NC-IUPHAR [46] and subsequently updated [76]) responds to multiple endogenous ligands, including extracellular calcium and other divalent/trivalent cations, polyamines and polycationic peptides, L-amino acids (particularly L-Trp and L-Phe), glutathione and various peptide analogues, ionic strength and extracellular pH (reviewed in [77]). While divalent/trivalent cations, polyamines and polycations are CaS receptor agonists [14, 109], L-amino acids, glutamyl peptides, ionic strength and pH are allosteric modulators of agonist function [35, 46, 60, 107, 108]. Indeed, L-amino acids have been identified as "co-agonists", with both concomitant calcium and L-amino acid binding required for full receptor activation [147, 53]. The sensitivity of the CaS receptor to primary agonists is increased by elevated extracellular pH [17] or decreased extracellular ionic strength [108]. This receptor bears no sequence or structural relation to the plant calcium receptor, also called CaS.
Regulators of G protein Signaling (RGS) proteins (version 2020.5) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: Ahlers-Dannen Katelin E. , Alqinyah Mohammed , Bodle Christopher , Bou Dagher Josephine , Chakravarti Bandana , Choudhuri Shreoshi P. , Druey Kirk M. , Fisher Rory A. , Gerber Kyle J. , Hepler John R. , Hooks Shelley B. , Kantheti Havish S. , Karaj Behirda , Lee Jae-Kyung , Luo Zili , Martemyanov Kirill , Mascarenhas Luke D. , Montañez-Miranda Carolina , Phan Thi Nhu Hoa , Roman David L. , Shaw Vincent , Sjögren Benita , Spicer Mackenzie M. , Squires Katherine E. , Sutton Laurie , Wendimu Menbere , Wilkie Thomas M. , Xie Keqiang , Zolghadri Yalda
Published: November 2020

Regulator of G protein Signaling, or RGS, proteins serve an important regulatory role in signaling mediated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). They all share a common RGS domain that directly interacts with active, GTP-bound Gα subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins. RGS proteins stabilize the transition state for GTP hydrolysis on Gα and thus induce a conformational change in the Gα subunit that accelerates GTP hydrolysis, thereby effectively turning off signaling cascades mediated by GPCRs. This GTPase accelerating protein (GAP) activity is the canonical mechanism of action for RGS proteins, although many also possess additional functions and domains. RGS proteins are divided into four families, R4, R7, R12 and RZ based on sequence homology, domain structure as well as specificity towards Gα subunits. For reviews on RGS proteins and their potential as therapeutic targets, see e.g. [183, 411, 446, 450, 451, 558, 566, 345, 9].