bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immunoglobulin (Ig)A seropositivity against SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers in Israel, 4 April to 13 July 2020: an observational study
Authors: Lustig Yaniv , Cohen Carmit , Biber Asaf , Jaber Hanaa , Becker Ilany Yael , Indenbaum Victoria , Amit Sharon , Mandelboim Michal , Mendelson Ella , Regev-Yochay Gili
Published: December 2021

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic has put healthcare workers (HCW) at significant risk. Presence of antibodies can confirm prior severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.

Aim

This study investigates the prevalence of IgA and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in HCW.

Methods

Performance of IgA and IgG antibody ELISA assays were initially evaluated in positive and negative SARS-CoV-2 serum samples. IgA and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were measured in 428 asymptomatic HCW. We assessed the risk of two groups: HCW with high exposure risk outside work (HROW) residing in areas where COVID-19 was endemic (n = 162) and HCW with high exposure risk at work (HRAW) in a COVID-19 intensive care unit (ICU) (n = 97).

Results

Sensitivities of 80% and 81.2% and specificities of 97.2% and 98% were observed for IgA and IgG antibodies, respectively. Of the 428 HCW, three were positive for IgG and 27 for IgA. Only 3/27 (11%) IgA-positive HCW had IgG antibodies compared with 50/62 (81%) in a group of previous SARS-CoV-2-PCR-positive individuals. Consecutive samples from IgA-positive HCW demonstrated IgA persistence 18–83 days in 12/20 samples and IgG seroconversion in 1/20 samples. IgA antibodies were present in 8.6% of HROW and 2% of HRAW.

Conclusions

SARS-CoV-2 exposure may lead to asymptomatic transient IgA response without IgG seroconversion. The significance of these findings needs further study. Out of work exposure is a possible risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in HCW and infection in HCW can be controlled if adequate protective equipment is implemented.
Under-diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections among children aged 0–15 years, a nationwide seroprevalence study, Israel, January 2020 to March 2021
Authors: Indenbaum Victoria , Lustig Yaniv , Mendelson Ella , Hershkovitz Yael , Glatman-Freedman Aharona , Keinan-Boker Lital , Bassal Ravit
Published: December 2021

Until recently, children and adolescents were not eligible for COVID-19 vaccination. They may have been a considerable source of SARS-CoV-2 spread. We evaluated SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody seroprevalence in Israeli children aged 0–15 years from January 2020 to March 2021. Seropositivity was 1.8–5.5 times higher than COVID-19 incidence rates based on PCR testing. We found that SARS-CoV-2 infection among children is more prevalent than previously thought and emphasise the importance of seroprevalence studies to accurately estimate exposure.
STUDENTS’ LEARNING MOTIVATION OF DIFFERENT YEARS OF STUDY
Authors: Starosta Volodymyr
Published: December 2021

Motivation of students' educational activity is one of the important conditions for training modern specialists at higher education institutions. The problem is insufficiently studied concerning the dynamics of student motivation for different years of study. The purpose of the article is to study the parameters of students’ learning motivation in different years of study. We solved the following main tasks: conducted an anonymous electronic survey of 800 bachelor's degree students (1-4 years) and 271 master's students (1-2 years), identified and compared parameters of learning motivation (internal motivation, external positive motivation, external negative motivation) on the basis of Uzhhorod National University. The study (2020) shows that the majority of bachelor's and master's students of different years of study (80-84%) have optimal motivational complexes. Either internal or external positive motivation dominates, or they are the equal, but higher than external negative motivation. We observed the predominance of indicators of external negative motivation for some students (16-20%). These students have the most common motivational complexes: external negative motivation, or its value is equal to the internal, external positive motivation. Similar results occur in the case of comparing bachelor's and master's students in general: about 82% have optimal motivational complexes, about 18% have external negative motivation. The c2-criterion (p ≤0,05) confirmed the formation of similar motivational complexes by students. Internal motivation prevails mostly among the first-year bachelor's (55,20%) and first-year master's (51,66%) students. The influence of external factors increases in the following years of study, the number of students with external positive motivation grows. We found a slightly greater impact of negative motivational factors on the first-year bachelor's and master's students, as among them there is the highest percentage of students with a predominantly external negative motivation. This parameter decreases in the following years of study.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF SOCIAL EDUCATORS FOR WORK WITH REFUGEES IN GERMANY
Authors: Havrysh Olena , Velychko Vladyslav , Fedorenko Olena
Published: December 2021

The authors lighted out German practice of social work with refugees and the role of ITC during this process. In the article the role of different international organizations such as UNESCO, United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees, International Red Cross Committee, European Council on Refugees and Exiles, International Organization for Migration, etc. was pointed out. These organizations develop and approve international standards of work with refugees, as well as propose modern approaches to solving problems with this category of the world community. The authors identified the main forms and trends of social work with refugees in Germany. They also highlighted the characteristic features in the work of German universities during the training of future social educators to work with migrants and the development of their competencies (namely, ICT competencies). In this article, the authors concluded that the process of training social educators to work with different groups of clients (including work with refugees) in Germany is multilevel. The principles of offensiveness, consistency, persistence in the implementation of content and technology of education are the main ones in the training of future social workers. Other features of the training process for social educators in Germany are also the practical use of an interdisciplinary approach and close cooperation with various state and non-state social organizations. The authors emphasized also that considerable attention during the professional training of future social pedagogues is paid to scientific and practical aspects of their training to work with refugees and immigrants. The formation of ICT competence and mastery of technologies of social "intervention" in the life and situation of the studied category of clients plays the great role for social educators in the preparing for their future profession. In the article is also stated that one of the main requirements for a social educator working with refugees is the ability to use in practice the acquired knowledge and skills to get the best results.
Black Lives Matter: Examining an Urban High School STEAM Academy Supporting African American Students, Families, and Communities using a Healing-Centered Approach
Authors: Fletcher Jr. Edward C. , Tan Tony Xing
Published: December 2021

In this study, we used an exploratory sequential mixed methods research design to examine how an urban high school STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) themed academy—with a 98% African American/Black and 100% economically disadvantaged student population—provided wraparound services to demonstrate care for students, families, and the community. We also studied how their school efforts promoted student engagement. In Phase 1, we collected qualitative data to examine the wraparound supports and philosophies that the school stakeholders (N = 39) used to promote a sense of caring as well as community. In Phase 2, we analyzed quantitative survey data from the African American/Black academy students (N = 177) on their levels of engagement (behavioral, cognitive, and emotional) in the school and compared them to African American/Black students at a comprehensive high school (N = 179). Based on a combination of perspectives of school personnel, school stakeholders, and results from the high school survey of student engagement, we found that the wraparound services provided equitable supports for economically disadvantaged students, was instituted using a healing-centered mindset, and enabled the school personnel and stakeholders to adopt a no excuse disposition. Even further, we found that in comparison to students at the large comprehensive high school, the academy students had statistically and practically significantly higher scores on behavioral engagement (p < .001; d = .58), and statistically significantly higher scores on cognitive engagement (p < .01; d = .31). There was no statistically significant difference in emotional engagement (p = .98). Our findings highlight best practices for ensuring equity for African American/Black high schools in the wake of both the Black Lives Matter movement and the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Truths We Hold
Authors: Holmes Aliya
Published: December 2021

This essay takes a critical look at the beliefs we embrace in this society as “truths” and the inconsistencies that surround many of these concepts especially when they involve those of African Diaspora. The essay challenges us to critically analyze the narratives we have been taught and uncover a new “truth” rooted in factual evidence in an effort to facilitate healthy dialogue around equity and access in education, in America, and throughout the world.
USA Inequities from K-12 Education through Corporate America
Authors: Laboriel Leslie
Published: December 2021

There is a relationship between marginalized Black K-12 children and Black women in Corporate America. This practice results in Black K-12 children and Black women being undervalued on all levels. Highlighting personal experiences supports current assumptions around inequities, marginalization, and the Black lives Matter movement. At times, the more money you make, the more tolerant you are of the abuse. You become addicted to a lifestyle. I believed my corporate career was the best I would receive from a professional white-collar work environment. Did the inequities experienced in the U.S. K-12 educational system prepare me to accept this belief in Corporate America? As a child, you learn about the American dream and capitalism. White Corporate America leaders received the same education with a higher probability of a more valuable educational experience. Would the Corporate America experience improve if White children learned about diversity, equity, and inclusion in K-12 to help them see differences as being valuable? Does their comfort level have a direct impact on Black people’s assignments, exposure, and careers? My authentic story is shared for others with similar experiences to help them realize they are not alone. We must push past our fears and tell our stories. We should never be ashamed! I will continue to focus on the freedom that blossomed from the time I put pen to paper.
Dialogue is Anything but Silent: A Foreword to the Black Lives Matter Special Issue
Authors: Abrams Charlotte , Abrams Sandra Schamroth
Published: December 2021

This foreword to the Black Lives Matter special issue looks to embrace active listening and open dialogue via writing, and it calls attention to the confines of traditional publishing that otherwise do not support dialogue in writing. Building upon Onwuegbuzie’s (2021) Framework for Promoting Anti-Racism in America, the foreword begins with sections that address the need to “engage in continuous self-reflection,” “listen more than you speak,” “whenever possible, collaborate with Black faculty,” and “refrain from conducting research that promotes cultural deficit models.” Thereafter, the voices of Dr. Aliya E. Holmes, Dr. David Bell, Kesshem Williams, and Leslie Laboriel underscore the courage necessary to share experiences and to engage in open dialogue; change is anything but silent.
Editors’ Introduction to the International Journal of Multiple Research Approaches Black Lives Matter Special Issue
Authors: Onwuegbuzie Anthony J. , Hitchcock John H.
Published: December 2021

With this editorial, we introduce the Black Lives Matter special issue (i.e., Volume 13, Issue 1) of the International Journal of Multiple Research Approaches. Inspired by the Black Lives Matter protests that took place in the United States and worldwide in response to the brutal killing of unarmed George Perry Floyd Jr. by police officer Derek Chauvin in Minnesota, during an arrest, we chronicle the evolution of this special issue. Then, we preview the 12 articles in this special issue, paying particular attention to the foreword and afterword, both of which are exceptional. As each work is read, we encourage readers to reflect on the topic of implicit bias and institutionalized (i.e., systematic) racism pertaining to members of Black communities. Further, we hope that readers encourage others to read and to reflect on these special issue articles—and then engage in much needed dialogue with them.
Dear White Academic Colleague: Black Faculty Lives Matter: Towards Avoiding the Crime of Silence
Authors: Onwuegbuzie Anthony J.
Published: December 2021

In this article, motivated by the unjustified and brutal killing of George Floyd by police officers, I write an open letter to faculty members in general and to White faculty members in particular. In the first part of this letter, I recount some of my past traumatic experiences of institutionalised racism, which begun at an early age in England—experiences that led me to leave England for the United States in a naïve attempt to find a place where institutionalised racism was much less. In the second part of my letter, I discuss kneeling as a symbolism for institutionalised racism. In the third part, I personalise institutionalised racism in academia. In the fourth section, I provide a framework for White colleagues looking to promote anti-racism in academia. I conclude with a cautionary tale as well as a message of hope for addressing institutionalised racism.
Development of the financial control system of foreign economic activity of organizations
Authors: Yakimova Vilena , Pankova Svetlana , Khmura Sergey
Published: December 2021

The monograph presents the results of research on theoretical and methodological aspects of the control of enterprises engaged in foreign economic activity. The features of export-import operations as a subject area of ​​control carried out by internal and external auditors are disclosed. The paper proposes the development of methodological support for compliance control based on the development of verification programs, working documentation forms, compliance procedures for assessing compliance with financial legislation. The monograph is intended for undergraduates, postgraduates and university students studying in the areas of "Economic security" and "Economics", and can also be useful for managers, chief accountants and economists, analysts and auditors of enterprises in their practical work.
Phtytochemical screening and thin layer choromatography (TLC) profiling of mangrove family Rhizophoraceae and Avicenniaceae
Authors: Rafael Andriani
Published: December 2021

Abstrak Penelitian ini adalah dari melaksanakan Februari hingga April 2017. menyalak dari tujuh spesies bakau yaitu ,. Ceriops decandra (Griff.) Ding Hou;  Ceriops tagal ( Perr.) CB Rob .; dan Bruguiera cylindrica ; Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (kiri) Lam; Rhizophora stylosa Griff .; Rhizophora mucronata Lam .; dan Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. Analisis fitokimia dan profil KLT dari ekstrak kasar kulit kayu yang dibandingkan. Analisis kualitatif menunjukkan bahwa Gonggongan Ceriops decandra (Griff.) Ding Hou, Ceriops tagal ( Perr.) CB Rob.,Bruguiera cylindrica, Bru guiera gymnorrhiza ( Kiri ) Lam, Rhizophora stylosa Griff. , Rhizophora mucronata Lam ., Dan Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. memiliki beberapa metabolit sekunder yang penting, yaitu senyawa Fenol, Tanin, dan Flavonoid. Flavonoid hanya ada di Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. Profil KLT menunjukkan bahwa dibandingkan DENGAN Nilai R f standar , Terdapat doa Titik hati kromatogram Ekstrak kasar  Rhizophora stylosa Griff. sama dengan nilai standar (nilai RfFlavonoid-glikosida turun antara = 0,18; 0,26; 0,30) menunjukkan bahwa Rhizophora stylosa Griff mungkin mengandung Flavonoid-glikosida dan asam fenolat ( nilai R f asam fenolat, 0,63-0, 84). Sedangkan Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh mungkin mengandung asam fenolat. Namun, masih ada senyawa yang belum diketahui yang perlu diidentifikasi dalam penelitian lebih lanjut. Kata kunci: mangrove, fitokimia, Kromatografi Lapis Tipis
Rhizophoraceae family in North Rupat KKPD Mangrove Forest Riau Province - Part II. Demographic Structure, Density, Ecological Index and Spread Pattern
Authors: Syahrial Syahrial , Erniati Erniati , Pratiwi Bengi , Satya Putra Muhammad Yulianda
Published: December 2021

Pemantauan dan pemahaman struktur ekologi mangrove famili Rhizophoraceae sangat penting untuk pengelolaan dan pelestarian lestari, dimana studi famili Rhizophoraceae dilakukan pada Juli 2018 di hutan mangrove KKPD Rupat Utara untuk dijadikan sebagai data dasar dalam evaluasi pengelolaan mangrove. , terutama dari anggota keluarga Rhizophoraceae. Pengumpulan data kondisi vegetasi mangrove pada famili Rhizophoraceae dengan menggambar garis transek dan plot yang tegak lurus dengan daratan, kemudian dilakukan observasi di tiga lokasi yaitu Desa Titi Akar, Pulau Babi, dan Desa Tanjung Medang. Untuk indeks ekologi, keanekaragaman famili Rhizophoraceae KKPD Rupat Utara tergolong rendah (rata-rata 0,91), dominasinya sedang (rata-rata 0,61), keseragaman tergolong tidak stabil (rata-rata 0,58) dan pola sebaran tergolong kelompok dengan indeks morisitas rata-rata 1,41.
The Influence of Feeding Combination Silkworm (Tubifex sp.) with Commercial Feed on Growth Performance of Catfish (Clarias sp.)
Authors: Agustina Dewi , Mukti Retno Cahya
Published: December 2021

This study aims to determine the growth of catfish (Clarias sp.) Seeds by giving a combination of silkworms (Tubifex sp.) and commercial feed. This research was conducted in August - October 2020 in the fish farming group of PT ASABRI, West Ilir II Palembang, South Sumatera. The treatments used in this study were 100% silkworm (control) feeding and a combination of feed treatment consisting of 75% commercial feed and 25% silkworms. Parameters include absolute weight growth, absolute length growth, feed efficiency, survival, and water quality. The results obtained from this study indicate that combination feeding (P1) obtained better results than the control (P0) with absolute weight growth data of 8.38 g, absolute length 7.39 cm, feed efficiency 56.38% and survival 87.50%.Keywords: catfish, commercial feed, combination, growth silkworm
First Observation of the Nocturnal Cleaning Relationship between Common Octopus Octopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797), and Indo-Pacific Palaemonid Shrimp, Urocaridella pulchella Yokeş & Galil, 2006 from the Iskenderun Bay, Eastern Mediterranean Coast of Turkey
Authors: Ergüden Deniz , Ayas Deniz , Uyğur Necdet
Published: December 2021

During a Scuba survey in Iskenderun Bay at night time on November 2018, a female Urocaridella pulchella individual was observed with nocturnal cleaning on Octopus vulgaris at 16 m in depth. Some photos of the shrimp and its symbiont were taken. Although the nocturnal cleaning relationship between U. pulchella and various marine species has been reported in some studies, the nocturnal cleaning relationship between O. vulgaris and U. pulchella has been observed for the first time. In addition, in the present study, we first reported Indo-Pacific palaemonid shrimp U. pulchella which was encountered in its natural habitat during an underwater observation from Iskenderun Bay, and this report is the first observation for this area and fills a gap in the distribution range of this species.Keywords: eastern Mediterranean, Iskenderun coast, nocturnal cleaning, Palaemonidae, Turkey.
Frequency and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Methicillin and Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Bovine Milk
Authors: Javed Muhammad Umar
Published: December 2021

The increase in resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has been an emerging threat in therapeutic areas of the dairy industry throughout the globe. The current study was conducted in bovines of district Faisalabad, Pakistan to investigate the phenotypic prevalence of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) in milk samples positive for subclinical mastitis. The study further aimed to assess the associated risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern against MRSA and VRSA isolates. A total of 385 milk samples (n=193 cattle; n=192 buffalo) collected and screened for subclinical mastitis by surf field mastitis test (SFMT) were further subjected to standard microbiological techniques for the isolation of S. aureus. The positive isolates of S. aureus were phenotypically evaluated for MRSA and VRSA by the disc diffusion method. The study results revealed that out of 385 milk samples, 45.97% (177/385) samples were found positive for subclinical mastitis on SFMT while 37.14% (143/385) samples were confirmed for the presence of S. aureus. Out of these S. aureus isolates, MRSA and VRSA were confirmed in 17.48% (25/143) and 12.58% (18/143) samples respectively. The in-vitro trials of various antibiotics for MRSA and VRSA isolates showed 100% resistance towards Cefoxitin followed by 50% towards Gentamicin, Tylosin, and Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole then 25% to Oxytetracycline, and Fusidic acid while ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and linezolid were found sensitive against study isolates. The public health importance of S. aureus and emerging resistance against antibiotics like methicillin and vancomycin demands regular monitoring of effective use of antimicrobial agents against the isolates of VRSA and MRSA.
Dose Related Analgesic, Motor and Reinforcing Effects of Nalbuphine in Rats
Authors: Nawaz Shazia
Published: December 2021

Nalbuphine, a semi-synthetic opioid drug, is a kappa (κ) agonist/ mu (μ) partial agonist. It is clinically used for moderate to severe pain. It produces the analgesic effect largely by binding to kappa opioid receptors. The present study was designed to investigate locomotor sensitization as well reinforcing effects of different doses (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) of nalbuphine in rats. Potential analgesic and hyperalgesic effects after single and repeated administration respectively were also monitored. Reinforcing effects were monitored in a conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm and associated changes in motor activity were monitored during a drug conditioning phase. The hot plate test was used to monitor nociceptive response. The present study showed that low (5 mg/kg) and high (20 mg/kg) doses of nalbuphine were reinforcing, while the moderate dose (10 mg/kg) had no reinforcing effect in the CPP paradigm. All doses were analgesic after the first administration and on repeated administration hyperalgesia did not develop to any dose. Analgesic effects still occurred at moderate doses of nalbuphine. Sensitization-like effects were produced following moderate and high doses of nalbuphine. These findings suggested that a moderate dose of nalbuphine did not produce reinforcing effects and hyperalgesia so this dose can be used safely for treating pain.
A LEITURA LITERÁRIA COMO PROMOÇÃO PARA REINVENÇÃO DE NOVOS CAMINHOS
Authors: Gedeao Gisela Pinto Ferreira , Alencar Lia Dias de
Published: December 2021

Neste trabalho, compartilhamos experiências de públicos e lugares distintos e distantes, mas que dialogam no horizonte de uma leitura literária como promoção de reinvenção de novos caminhos. A literat
Promotion of CO2 assimilation by sufficient supply of nitrogen and phosphorous is easiest method to fit Paris agreement and to protect global warming and to get national wealth
Authors: Shoichiro Ozaki
Published: December 2021

Global warming is caused by retardation of CO2 assimilation by scare of nitrogen and phosphorous Developed countries are tried to purify air and water by NOx and NP elimination at around 1980. Then CO2 assimilation is retarded. CO2 fix is retarded. Agriculture and fish industry are retarded DGP increase rates of these countries are low. On the contrary, developing countries like China, India and Indonesia, they do not eliminate NOx and NP.and use as fertilizer. Then CO2 assimilation is activated CO2 fix is activated. Agriculture and fish industries are activated. DGP increase rates of these countries are high. We must promote CO2 assimilation by complete use of NOx and NP in waste water. And addition of fertilizer to the sea will increase CO2 assimilation and fish production. Promotion of CO2 assimilation by sufficient supply of nitrogen and phosphorous is easiest method to fit Paris agreement and to protect global warming and to increase DGP and national wealth.
Is there any correlation between Magnesium status and depression in elderly people? A descriptive-analytical study among Tehran-nursing home residents
Authors: Lyly Nazemi  , Ingmar Skoog  , Ingvar Karlsson  , Margda Waern  , Agneta Yngve  , Gunnar Akner  , Alireza Mesbah Namin  , Azam Afshar Naderi  , Shahram Pour Byranvand  , Zahra Farahani
Published: December 2021

Background: Very few studies have shown the possible relationship between magnesium (Mg) status and depression. In the present study, the intracellular Mg status of the elderly population living in nursing homes (NHs) was assessed to determine its relationship with depression. Methods: A descriptive-analytical study was conducted on the elderly population living in nursing homes (Tehran-Iran; 2010-2012). Participants' demographic and clinical characteristics were collected and recorded in a checklist. Evaluating the participants’ nutritional status, Mini Nutritional Assessment Method was implemented. Determining participant's depressive symptoms, 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale was used. Final scores were classified into4 categories not depressed, mild, moderate, and severe depression. Mg level in leukocytes was also measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Results: Totally 113 elderly were included and only 9.8% of subjects were not depressed. About 21% of the subjects were well nourished. Of participants who suffered from heart disease, 80.2% were depressed (p=0.03). Regarding correlations between Mg status and depression, results showed no significant difference in Mg levels of two depressed and non-depressed participants (p=0.73). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed notable prevalence rates of depression and malnutrition among nursing home residents. It was also found that the relationship between intracellular Mg levels and depression was not significant. Further studies are needed to determine the major factors related to these preventable psychological and nutritional disorders among elderly NH residents.
The effect of changing graphitization temperature toward bio-graphite from Palm Kernel Shell
Authors: Othman Rapidah , Kamal Afiqah Samsul , Jabarullah N.H.
Published: December 2021

This paper focuses on the relationship between heat treatment temperature toward structural transformation from amorphous carbon to highly graphitic carbon material during a production stage.The following report discusses a simple strategy to convert the palm kernel shell (PKS) into highly crystalline, high quality graphite via simple two-step process. The production involves impregnation of catalyst followed by thermal treatment. Both XRD and Raman spectroscopy allowed the observation of microstructural change of the prepared sample at temperature ranging from 1000°C to 1400°C using Ferum catalyst. From XRD pattern it can be observed that as graphitization temperature increased, the degree of graphitization also increased. Overall sample prepared at higher temperature 1400°C shows a higher degree of graphitization. PKS sample graphitized at 1400°C with the aid of Ferum catalyst shows a sharp intensified peak at 2θ = 26.5° reflecting formation of highly crystalline graphite structure. Raman spectrum also suggests similar results to XRD in which PKS-1400 shows the presence of large amount of graphitic structure as the value of (Id/Ig) ratio is lower than in other samples. HRTEM analysis visibly shows define lattice fringe, which further confirms the structural transformation from amorphous to highly ordered graphitic carbon structure. Overall, good quality graphitic carbon structure from Palm Kernel shell was succesfully synthesised via utilization of PKS, Ferum catalsyt and heat treatment method.
The specificity of the functioning of the quality cost account within the quality management system of an enterprise
Authors: Kokot-Stępień Patrycja
Published: December 2021

Along with the development of quality systems, there was a need to analyze the expenditure incurred to obtain the appropriate quality of products or services and the impact of the actions taken on the results achieved by an entity. Quality costs are an important tool for improving the quality of offered products and efficiency of management, provided that the enterprise maintains a quality cost calculation. It is a system for capturing and analyzing all costs related to quality and taking actions aimed at increasing quality while minimizing production costs. The purpose of quality cost account is not only to identify areas in need of improvement, but most of all to provide information enabling the assessment of the effectiveness of the QMS implemented in the enterprise. The article indicates the essence of quality cost account. It also presents a method of implementing quality cost account in an enterprise which can be the basis for the development of a procedure within the scope of the quality management system. The presented methodology of quality cost account comprehensively indicates the scope of its conduct, responsibility for the activities carried out within it, the method of recording quality costs in the enterprise and indicators the analysis of which allows for an objective assessment of the effectiveness of the implemented quality management system.
Direction of businesses operating in Slovakia to develop key managerial competencies
Authors: Stacho Zdenko , Stachová Katarína , Varečková Ľubica , Matúšová Jana Galera
Published: December 2021

The emerging era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution brings significant changes mainly in the sphere of development and widespread utilization of new technologies. The application of mentioned technological innovations can be found in all economy spheres, however the effectiveness of their implementation is the key to ensuring the businesses competitiveness. The authors analyse the current but also expected state of key managerial competencies as well as their application needed to maintain competitiveness in the emerging era of Industrial Revolution in businesses operating in Slovakia. The research was conducted by the questionnaire method in 1,077 companies, during the year 2020. The results of the survey show an above-average use of almost all assessed competencies as well as positive prognosis for the future, as the perception of their need of future application is even at a higher level than the present state shows.
Dukes, Princesses and Archbishops: The Composition Date ofVirtud, pobreza y mujer, by Lope De Vega
Authors: Fernández Rodríguez Daniel
Published: December 2021

This article argues thatVirtud, pobreza y mujer, a play by Lope de Vega, was probably written in early 1616, and not between 1612 and 1615, as previously believed. The analysis focuses on the play’s second act; in particular, the article examines different allusions to contemporary personalities, such as the archbishop Pedro González de Mendoza y Silva (1571-1639), the princess – and future queen – Isabel de Borbón (1602-1644), and, finally, Jorge de Cárdenas y Manrique (ca. 1592-1644), 4th Duke of Maqueda.
Philological Glosses (VI): “Tot muda i tot roman” or “Tot roman i tot muda”? Rhythm and Rhyme in J.V. Foix
Authors: Veny Mesquida Joan Ramon
Published: December 2021

This article traces the most crucial moments in the friendship between poets J.V. Foix and Gabriel Ferrater focusing on what could be considered its culmination: the poem that Foix wrote in the summer of 1973 in Port de la Selva after the death of his friend. Particularly, the study proposes an interpretation of what Foix achieved with the changes he made, in the various versions of the text that have been preserved, in the famous two lines that close the poem. The analysis stresses its effects on rhyme, prosody and rhythm.
Giuseppe Marino. Heródoto en el Siglo de Oro: fragmentos históricos y literarios
Authors: Sáez Adrián J.
Published: December 2021

Review of: Marino, G. (2021). Heródoto en el Siglo de Oro: fragmentos históricos y literarios. Madrid: Iberoamericana; Frankfurt: Vervuert, 278 pp. Biblioteca Áurea Hispánica 138.
Javier Marías. Tomás Nevinson
Authors: Grohmann Alexis
Published: December 2021

Review of: Marías, J. (2021). Tomás Nevinson. Madrid: Alfaguara; Penguin Random House, 680 pp.
Методика визначення достатнього рівня ефективності бойових дій підрозділу протиповітряної оборони Сухопутних військ для збереження боєздатності загальновійськових підрозділів, що прикриваються
Authors: Волков А.Ф. , Лезік О.В. , Мужук М.В. , Гуленов І.В. , Васильченко Д.О.
Published: December 2021

На сьогодні є актуальним питання визначення достатнього рівня ефективності бойових дій підрозділів протиповітряної оборони Сухопутних військ при виконанні завдання по прикриттю загальновійськових підрозділів від ударів повітряного противника. В статті пропонується методика, яка дозволяє визначити достатній рівень ефективності бойових дій підрозділів протиповітряної оборони Сухопутних військ рівня взвод-батарея для належного прикриття загальновійськових підрозділів. Запропонована методика дозволяє визначити мінімально достатній рівень ефективності бойових дій підрозділів протиповітряної оборони Сухопутних військ з урахуванням підтримання необхідної боєздатності загальновійськових підрозділів.
Методика оцінки порушень захищеності інформаційних ресурсів в інформаційно-телекомунікаційних системах
Authors: Сальник В.В. , Гуж О.А. , Закусіло В.С. , Сальник С.В. , Бєляєв П.В.
Published: December 2021

В роботі запропоновано методика оцінки порушень захищеності інформаційних ресурсів, що обробляються в інформаційно-телекомунікаційних системах (ІТС). Описано функції, які покладено на систему забезпечення безпеки в ІТС, як одного з елементів обробки інформаційних ресурсів. Вразливості складових частин ІТС призводять до порушення захищеності інформаційних ресурсів, що оброблюються в них, та відповідно сприяють реалізації множині загроз інформаційним ресурсам. Методика оцінки порушень захищеності інформаційних ресурсів розроблено на основі врахування множини вразливостей ІТС. Розглянуто множину загроз безпеці інформаційним ресурсам, типи атак які застосовуються на рівнях базової еталонної моделі взаємодії відкритих систем, також приклади проведення атак та варіанти впливу на ІТС, що надало представлення про можливості порушень при реалізації атак на інформаційні ресурси ІТС. До складу системи обробки інформаційних ресурсів зазвичай входить підсистема оцінки порушень захищеності. В основі побудови зазначеної підсистеми запропоновано взяти способи порушення стану захищеності інформаційних ресурсів, оцінки порушень захищеності інформаційних ресурсів від внутрішніх загроз та оцінки захищеності інформаційних ресурсів від зовнішніх загроз. Підсистема оцінки порушень захищеності інформаційних ресурсів враховує множину загроз та елементи ІТС. На основі проведеного аналізу множини загроз направлених на порушення рівня безпеки інформаційним ресурсам та елементам ІТС обробки інформаційних ресурсів було отримано аналітичні вирази для оцінки ймовірності реалізації порушень стану захищеності інформаційних ресурсів ІТС на рівнях базової еталонної моделі взаємодії відкритих систем. Застосування отриманої методики оцінки порушень захищеності дозволить розробити методи оцінки рівня порушень стану захищеності від загроз для встановлення ефективності функціонування підсистеми оцінки порушень захищеності в режимі реального часу, що підвищить загальний рівень інформаційної безпеки ІТС та інформаційних ресурсів, що в них оброблюються.
Аналіз основних складових похибки визначення твердості за методом Брінелля з використанням оптичних систем
Authors: Коржов І.М. , Кравченко Я.О. , Борисенко Є.А.
Published: December 2021

У статті приведено загальний алгоритм для визначення твердості за Брінеллем для вимірювальних приладів з оптичною системою на основі положень міжнародного стандарту ISO 6506, отримана результуюча формула для розрахунку твердості за Брінеллем для вимірювальних приладів з оптичною системою. На основі результуючої формули для розрахунку твердості отримані та проаналізовані абсолютна та відносна похибка, а також їх складові. Наведено теоретичний аналіз основних величин, що впливають на точність визначення твердості за методом Брінелля та шляхи їх зменшення для вимірювальних приладів з програмним забезпеченням для розрахунків та оптичною системою для вимірювання параметрів відбитку індентора. Приведений теоретичний аналіз складових похибок визначення твердості за методом Брінелля та шляхи їх зменшення, дають змогу більш детально оцінити похибку визначення твердості та мінімізувати вплив деяких складових відповідного устаткування для вимірювання твердості.
Flow-based Routing Model with Load Balancing on the Traffic Engineering Principles Taking into Account the Information Security Risks
Authors: Yevdokymenko Maryna , Shapoval Maryna , Krepko Alla
Published: December 2021

A practical approach to load balancing in a telecommunication network (TCN) is implementing Traffic Engineering (TE) technology principles to reduce link utilization and improve QoS level. In order to adapt TE solutions with network security requirements, this paper proposes a mathematical model for secure routing, which belongs to the class of flow-based optimization solutions. The model is based on the conditions of multi-flow routing implementation, flow conservation, and TCN link overload prevention. Due to this, the problem of secure routing is formulated in an optimization form. The model’s novelty is the modified conditions of load balancing in TCN. Along with the indicators of link capacity with the help of weighting coefficients, the network security (NS) indicators of TCN elements are also taken into account. The network security (NS) indicators in the TCN modeling process include information security risks of routers and communication links, losses from breach of confidentiality and integrity of information, probability of existing vulnerabilities exploitation, etc. The study confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed solution. On the test TCN topology, it is demonstrated that the use of a secure routing model allows to calculate the routes and provide such an order of load balancing, which compromises meeting the requirements of both QoS and NS. In the routing process, information security risk reduction in packet transmission by about 11.3% was accompanied by an increase (on average by 26%) in the upper bound of the network link utilization
PLUM CLONAL ROOTSTOCKS IN VARIETY-ROOTSTOCK COMBINATIONS FOR INTENSIVE ORCHARDS
Authors: Gulyaeva А. А. , Efremov I. N. , Berlova T. N. , Gal'kova А. А.
Published: December 2021

The article summarizes the results of a 15-year study of clonal plum rootstocks: Opata, Novinka, Gayovata, VVA-1, 146-2, VPK-1, 140-2 on the cultivars Alyonushka, Nezhenka, Orlovsky souvenir, Skoroplodnaya. The rootstock SVG-11-19 was used as a control. Biometric indicators, the safety of trees growing on these rootstocks were studied, an assessment of economically valuable traits of cultivar-rootstock combinations, the degree of flowering and fruiting, yield per hectare, an assessment of freezing, damage by clasterosporium and moniliosis, and the general condition were given. As a result of research, it was found that Alyonushka cultivars on form 146-2 were distinguished by a more restrained tree growth; Nezhenka on VVA-1, VPK-1. One hundred percent safety of plum trees was revealed in the cultivars Alyonushka on the rootstocks of Opata, Novinka, 140-2; A sissy with most of the rootstocks studied, with the exception of the VPK-1 rootstock, Orlovsky souvenir with the exception of the Opata form, Skoroplodnaya on Opatа, Gayovata, VVA-1, 146-2, VPK-1 rootstocks. A comparative study of clonal rootstocks in a garden did not reveal significant differences in the productivity of cultivars – Alyonushka on Novinka, Gayovatа, 146-2, 140-2; Nezhenka at Novinka, Gayovata, 140-2; Oryol souvenir at Novinka; Skoroplodnaya at Opatа, Gayovata, 146-2, VPK-1, 140-2. All cultivars on the studied clonal rootstocks showed high winter hardiness and resistance to clasterosporiosis and moniliosis. There were no visible signs of incompatibility of cultivar-rootstock combinations in the garden.
DAILY ACTIVITY OF HORSEFLIES (DIPTERA, TABANIDAE) ON PASTURES OF CATTLE IN THE TYUMEN REGION
Authors: Pavlova R. P. , Фёдорова O. А. , Sivkova Е. I.
Published: December 2021

Having studied the timing of a horseflies daily activity, it is possible to effectively and purposefully apply protective measures during their massive parasitism. The gnus complex consists of mosquitoes (Culicidae), horseflies (Tabanidae), midges (Simuliidae) and biting midges (Ceratopogonidae). The factors that determine the high abundance of midges are favorable climatic conditions for their reproduction and existence in combination with an abundance of breeding biotopes (reservoirs and swamp formations) and habitat of adults (tree, shrub or tall herbaceous vegetation), as well as the presence of a sufficient number of warm-blooded animals is a source of blood saturation. Horseflies (Diptera, Tabanidae) are widespread in almost all climatic zones of our country. The article examines their daily activity in the Tyumen region during the summer period of 2017. At the beginning of the season (the first decade of June) the flight of the adult horseflies continues from 09:00 a.m. to 09:00 p.m., the maximum flight is observed at 02:00-05: 00 p.m., the total duration is 10-12 hours. In the second and third decades of June-July flight begins at 05:00-06:00 a.m., and ends at 09:00-10:00 p.m., maximum - at 02:00-04:00 p.m., the total duration of the daily activity of horseflies is 15-17 hours. In late July-early August, flights start at 06:00-08: 00 a.m., end at 07:00-08:00 p.m., mass flights - at 11: 00-12:00 a.m. and reach a maximum at 12:00-02:00 p.m., total duration – 13-15 hours.
Neuroradiological signs of encephalopathy in children with autism spectrum disorders associated with genetic folate deficiency
Authors: Maltsev D. V.
Published: December 2021

The results of five meta‑analyzes indicate the association of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) with genetic deficiency of the folate cycle (GDFC) in children. In such cases, specific encephalopathy is formed with predominant immune‑dependent pathways of pathogenesis, the radiological signs of which are insufficiently studied.

Objective —— to describe the typical neuroimaging signs of encephalopathy in children with GDFC suffering from ASD, and to find correlations between clinical signs, mechanisms of nervous system damage and neuroimaging data to optimize the algorithm of diagnosis, monitoring and treatment.

Methods and subjects. The retrospective analysis of medical data of 225 children aged 2 to 9 years with GDFC, in which there were clinical manifestations of ASD (183 boys and 42 girls). The diagnosis of ASD was made by child psychiatrists according to the criteria of DSM‑IV‑TR (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders) and ICD‑10 (The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems). Pathogenic polymorphic variants of folate cycle genes were determined by PCR with restriction. Neuroimaging was performed by MRI of the brain in conventional modes (T1‑ and T2‑weighted, FLAIR) on tomographs with a magnetic induction of 1.5 T. To study the associations between the indicators, the odds ratio (OR) and the 95 % confidence interval (95 % SI) were used.

Results. There are 5 main groups of neuroimaging signs characteristic of leukoencephalopathy, temporal mesial sclerosis, PANS/PITANDS/PANDAS, congenital CMV neuroinfection and postnatal encephalitis, mild congenital CNS abnormalities. Neuroimaging signs are closely associated with the results of special laboratory tests that characterize the known immune‑dependent mechanisms of CNS damage, and with the emergence of relevant clinical syndromes, consistent with modern concepts of major infectious or autoimmune lesions of the nervous system in immunosuppressed patients. Laboratory‑radiological‑clinical complexes (virus‑induced temporal mesial sclerosis, autoimmune limbic encephalitis, autoimmune subcortical encephalitis, autoimmune or virus‑induced demyelinating lesions of the cerebral hemispheres and mild congenital malformations) have been identified.

Conclusions. Encephalopathy in children with ASD associated with GDFC has a complex pathogenesis and is the result of combining a number of immune‑dependent forms of CNS damage in different ways in different patients, leading to a heterogeneous clinic‑radiological phenotype.
Expert Validation and Students’ Initial Field Trial Responses toward M-Write Academic Essay Writing Application
Authors: Sumarno Wahyu Kyestiati , Wahyuningtyas Dwi , Ardianti Triubaida Maya , Rahmawati Adinda Aulia , Shafira Putri Dian , Solikha Nur Imro’atus
Published: December 2021

Proficiency in English academic writing is still a problem for many students. However, there are no such digital learning media that facilitates academic writing practices. Considering these problems, this research tried to develop an M-Write application, a learning media that combine metacognitive and process-genre writing exercises. This study aims to determine the feasibility level of M-Write as a website-based academic essay writing application. The method used in testing the feasibility of this product includes the alpha test and beta test. The alpha test was carried out by three English Education experts; each of them assessed the aspects of the content, language use, and design. While the beta test was carried out by 25 students of the Computer Science Faculty, UPN “Veteran” Jawa Timur. The data collection technique was done by using a questionnaire and interview. Data analysis was carried out using quantitative descriptive techniques. The results of this study indicate that the M-Write application reached appropriate criteria in terms of content, language use, and design aspects. The percentages of each of these aspects are 71.9%, 73.3%, and 71.9%. While the results of the applications usage assessment by students also showed that the application was appropriate to be used with an average percentage of 75.9%.
Effect of magnesium and calcium on oxygen activity in model nickel melts at PAr = 0.1 MPa and analysis of nonmetallic inclusions
Authors:   Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Burtsev V.T. , Chabina E.B. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Aviation Materials (VIAM), Anuchkin S.N. ,   Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

The EMF method was used to study the oxygen activity in nickel melts during the deoxidation of Mg/Ca (up to 0.2 wt.%) in the atmosphere of ultrapure Ar. The logarithmic dependences were expressed in the change a[O] from the concentrations of deoxidizers. A significant increase in the deoxidation capacity of Mg and Ca was shown in comparison with Al at a content of 0.05 wt.% of the deoxidizers in the metal. The morphology and composition of nonmetallic inclusions after deoxidation were studied and complex configurations of nonmetallic inclusions from 2 to 100 microns located along the grain boundaries were shown.