bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Overview of the Complexities in Indian Feminism
Authors: Dr. Mudasir Ahmad Gori
Published: September 2021

The paper aims to highlight the complexities that are dominant in Indian society. The variety of issues that makes Indian feminism different from western feminism is also explored. The present paper presents a brief overview of western feminism, however, a large portion discuss the Indian feministic concerns and issue. The paper is not limited to any particular writer or writing of an author but it is an eclectic approach to present the subtle difficulties of Indian feminism in the best possible way. The focus is largely on the third and fourth wave of feminism. Giving the increasing insecurities of women even in this digital era, the paper therefore is a humble effort in that direction to bring some of the merging issues and concerns of women in general and Indian women in particular to the forefront. An eclectic approach has been used for the evaluation of the issues and concerns therefore the paper highlights various feministic issues like cultural social, economic individual, Islamic etc. associated with different branches of feminism.
Aspects of the Narratives of Slavery in the Afro-American Literature as Represented by Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass’ Works
Authors: Hasan Marwan Yahay Al Saleem
Published: September 2021

Harriet Ann Jacobs’ Incidents in the life of a Slave Girl (1861) and Frederick Douglass’ Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: An American Slave (1845) are two very significant works to show slave narratives Afro-American Literature. They provide many aspects in attempting to portray the complex sufferings and different kinds of frustrations, especially that the threat to the existence of their families and their rights as human beings in American society. The works present real stories and scenes lived by both writers in that dark era. The article makes a kind of comparison between them to highlight how both sexes suffered to the same extent. Jacobs represented the female side while Douglass represented the male side of black slaves in America through their works. The article aims to shed light on the brutal effect of slave and the crimes of the racist white American people upon these vulnerable people in a society of an ideal country in which the worst forms of racism are still practiced and the murder of George Floyd’s crime is not far from us. Therefore, it is the duty of the free people of the whole world to expose these heinous acts and work to prevent them and support the oppressed.
Amitav Ghosh’ Shadow Lines: Mapping Cross Border Identity
Authors: Kalyan Pattanayak
Published: September 2021

The Shadow Lines (1988) is a historical novel by Amitav Ghosh that focuses on the national and geographical boundaries that alienate individuals. The book also depicts the violence that erupted in 1964. The title “The Shadow Lines” has multiple layers of meanings; it does not only relate to international boundaries. Ghosh’s choice of the title implies that the boundaries that divide people are just ‘shadows’. Those borders are nothing but artificial and fictitious lines drawn by people from power centre. Ghosh emphasises arbitrary nature of such geographic demarcations. This paper tends to identify the identity of people who did cross geographical borders forcefully or voluntarily and how memory and nostalgia loom large upon them.
Advances in botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of pain
Authors: Jiang Shisheng , Huang Chaoming , Yang Yantianyu , Gao Shuhan , Lin Zihan , Gu Wei , Cai Yi , Yan Tingdong
Published: September 2021

Clostridium botulinum (CB) is a Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium and a significant cause of food spoilage. Foodborne botulism occurs worldwide every year and even lead to death from respiratory distress in severe cases after eating botulism-contaminated food. The pathogenicity of CB lies in its ability to produce a potent neurotoxin, “botulinum toxin (BTX)”, for which eight different subtypes have already been isolated so far. Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) is widely used to treat critical clinical issues due to its good affinity and tolerability. Studies have shown that BTX-A injections effectively treat myofascial pain, inflammatory pain, and neuropathic pain. The current article mainly reviews the latest research progress using BTX-A in pain treatment during two years.
THE RIGHTS OF IMMIGRANT WORKERS DURING THE PANDEMIC
Authors:   PhD Lecturer, Valahia University of Târgovişte, Enache Nicoleta
Published: September 2021

International migration characterizes contemporary social and economic life. As governments around the world take on this reality, they face the challenge of developing effective cooperation in this area. Migration is closely linked to the broader global transformations of the economic spheres, social, political and technological problems that affect a wide variety of political problems at a high level, and labor migration responds to the challenges posed by these changes that require presence of foreign workers in industrialized countries. Most migrants respond to employment problems and, in this regard, the International Labor Organization has been particularly concerned about employment prospects and migratory flows.
INTEGRATING HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE BOTSWANA PUBLIC SECTOR PERFORMANCE
Authors:   PhD,  Faculty of Business, University of Botswana, Tshukudu Theophilus
Published: September 2021

Human resource development and knowledge management are increasingly becoming influential disciplines which are critical to the survival and success of organizations. Human capital resources are key for organizations to gain competitive advantage. With the spread of information and worldwide communications, competitive advantage based on only technology and on only human resources development strategies may only be maintained for short periods of time before competitors catch up. The only source of sustainable competitive advantage is to learn faster and more creatively than competing organizations. That could only be achieved through the swift and effective HRD strategies combined with knowledge management. It has been established that through learning, training, development, knowledge and knowledge management can organizations thrive through human capital. Helping people grow by empowering them with knowledge in a way boosts performance in a sustainable way. To memorize information for extended periods of time is not practical, it is telling that information needs to be stored (managed properly) for reference and for sustainability
WHAT ARE THE THREATS TO THE FUTURE OF THE WTO?
Authors:   Associate professor,Université de Sfax, Abida Montej , Gargouri Ilhem ,   PhD Assistant, Université de Sfax
Published: September 2021

Today we are witnessing a serious crisis that could lead to the collapse of the World Trade Organization (WTO). This crisis is the consequence of the uncooperative behavior of the triad: the United States, the European Union and East Asia. When there is a confrontation between these three most powerful regional blocs, there is inevitably a blockage and a destructive trade war similar to that of the 1930s. In these times of crisis, each country tries to save its economy by relying on the strategy of protectionism. The negotiation and regulatory functions of the WTO are paralyzed: the Dispute Settlement Body is seriously affected by the refusal of the United States, since 2016, to renew the members of the Appellate Body (AB) whose mandates were expiring. This jeopardizes international rules negotiated since 1947, when the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was created. The existence of liberalization fatigue and a growing rejection of globalization raises questions about the future of the WTO.
The effect of blended learning and digital literacy model on understanding the Sutta Piṭaka
Authors: Mujiyanto Mujiyanto , Suherman Suherman
Published: September 2021

Understanding of Sutta Piṭaka is extremely important for master’s degree of Buddhist Education students. The purpose of this study is to explore how the influence of blended learning and digital literacy learning models on the understanding of Sutta Piṭaka for master’s degree of Buddhist Education students. Employing a quantitative approach with ex-post facto research methods, the sample in this study is all master’s degree of Buddhist Education students (S2) year of 2019 with a total of 36 students. The instrument used in this study is a questionnaire with a Linkert scale. The results of the validity and reliability test stated that the instrument was valid and reliable. Hypotheses were tested using regression analysis. The results showed that the blended learning model had a positive and significant effect on understanding the Sutta Piṭaka with an effective contribution of 32.88%. Digital literacy has a positive and significant effect on understanding the Sutta Piṭaka with an effective contribution of 45.51%. The blended learning and digital literacy learning models have a positive effect of 78.4% on the understanding of the Sutta Piṭaka. Based on the result, it can be said that blended learning and digital literacy give a good impact on students to gain sufficient understanding of the Sutta Piṭaka. The research contributes to the growth of science and technology in the education field, particularly maximizing the skill and knowledge using blended learning and digital literacy model on understanding the Sutta Piṭaka.
Çingiz Han ve Ortaya Çıktığı Çağın Özellikleri
Authors: Gömeç Saadettin Yağmur
Published: September 2021

There was no proper state structure in Asia, and regional tribal structures could not fully dominate each other in the age when Chingiz Khan emerged as a leader. Another point that draws attention at these times is that it was extremely important to act in accordance with the laws during the formation of the Chingiz’ state. In addition, despite the conflict and hostility between the tribes and the tribal leaders, displaying bravery and valor everybody showed respect to their opponents. Although Chingiz Khan and his brothers suffered some difficulties during this period, the circumstances helped him to establish a strong state. He made good use of the fragmented situation in Asia. Afterwards, a significant part of the Mongols, who were in the minority in the state in terms of numbers and lagged behind the Turks in terms of cultural development, accepted Islam in time and became Turkic, and the rest returned to Mongolia.
Moğol Hanlarının Müslümanlaşması
Authors: Uyar Mustafa
Published: September 2021

The Islamization of the Mongolian khans and aristocracy is a multidimensional and complex process. The importance of the Turkish religious figures in the conversion of the Mongols to Islam is known and frequently emphasized in contemporary historical sources. The narratives about the relations of Sufi sheikhs--most of whom were Turks-- with the Mongols presented in this study are based on hagiographies and other contemporaneous sources; they have been examined in their historical context to give a description of the activities of these Sufis whose religious influence over the Mongolian khans is obvious. . In the context of their political and cultural influences, priority is given to the sheikhs of Qubrawiyya and Qalandariyya, whose biographies and activities are discussed briefly. Moreover, the Turkish Sufi sheikhs, the Sufi circles, their activities, and the role of the Turkish consideration of religion in this process will be discussed.
ANALISANDO OS DISTURBIOS FUNCIONAIS DO TRANSTORNO DE ANSIEDADE EM ADOLESCENTES DE 14 A 19 ANOS PELA TERAPIA OCUPACIONAL
Authors: Silva Santos Thaynan , Silva Leal Tavares Julia , Donelate Claudia , Bittencourt Fernandes da Silva Angela Maria
Published: September 2021

A adolescência se caracteriza pela etapa cheia de desafios, permeada por sentimentos ambivalentes, que se mal elaborados podem acarretar adoecimento físico e/ou mental e funcional. Objetivo: Investigar o nível de perdas funcionais e sintomatologia de ansiedade, depressão e estresse em alunos do ensino fundamental e médio que alterassem a realização de atividades diárias e sias implicações na saúde dos adolescentes. Metodologia: pesquisa de intervenção com enfoque quanti-qualitativo, onde o aluno teve voz para analisar sua própria realidade. A coleta de dados se fez no decorrer dos espaços vagos das aulas, com a aplicação do DASS-21 e das oficinas. A análise se baseou nos escores dos testes e na mudança de comportamento dos adolescentes durante o percurso da pesquisa. Resultados: Participaram 113 adolescentes, sendo 71% meninas, dos quais, 77% apresentaram sintomatologia de depressão, 82% ansiedade e 90% estresse, com níveis moderado e severo. Na área funcional as maiores perdas foram relativas a área de atividade e participação e fatores ambientais, com 93% referentes a relações interpessoais e apoios. Conclusão: As oficinas representaram ferramenta eficaz para que o adolescente conseguisse externar seus conflitos internos e se constituiu em instrumentos da terapia ocupacional para cuidar da população jovem do município favorecendo o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias para lidar com esta enfermidade que afeta número considerável de jovens e produz grandes prejuízos em sua qualidade de vida.
TRANSTORNOS DE HUMOR DURANTE A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19: UMA REVISÃO NARRATIVA
Authors: Rodrigues Guimarães Júlia Maria , Jaguaribe de Lima Anna Myrna
Published: September 2021

A pandemia do “novo” corona vírus, além dos impactos sociais e econômicos, afeta psicologicamente a sociedade em geral, podendo gerar alterações e distúrbios de humor . Assim, o estudo tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão narrativa da literatura sobre a presença dos transtornos de humor na população em geral durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Trata-se de um artigo de revisão narrativo com pesquisa na literatura, no qual os autores se posicionaram criticamente a partir de buscas como fonte de evidências secundárias, através das bases de dados Scielo e Pubmed, foi realizada entre fevereiro e agosto de 2020. Utilizando as seguintes palavras chave intercaladas com a lógica booleana AND: COVID19 AND ansiedade, COVID19 AND anxiety AND depression , COVID AND Depressão AND Ansiedade.  Encontrou-se um total de 448 artigos.  A partir disso, utilizou-se outro critério de categorização, a análise dos títulos e leitura dos resumos selecionou-se assim 12 artigos, sendo 8 do banco de Dados Pubmed e 4 do Scielo. O maior nível de estresse, depressão e ansiedade encontrados na população em geral foi nos mais jovens, entre 18 e 25 anos, em mulheres, em indivíduos com doenças crônicas e em pessoas com histórico de doenças mentais. O sistema de saúde mediante a outras pandemias e problemas epidemiológicos deve priorizar ações de equipes de apoio psicológico inicialmente para os profissionais que atuam na linha de frente e, em seguida, para o público em geral mais vulnerável.
The Use of Small Format Air Photos for Mapping Land Cover Changes in Gumuk Pasir Parangtritis Core-Zone, 2015-2019
Authors: Azahra Maulidini Fatimah , Jumadi J , Sigit Agus Anggoro
Published: September 2021

Gumuk Pasir Parangtritis is one of the potentials of the coastal area of ​​Parangtritis village in Yogyakarta, with several important roles for the coastal ecosystem and its surroundings, such as ecology, disaster, tourism, economy, and aquifer reserves. However, behind this important role, the existence of sandbanks is increasingly threatened from year to year because the area of ​​sand cover continues to decline, especially in the core zone. Therefore, regular and effective mapping and monitoring efforts are needed. This study aims to a) conduct land cover mapping using the Geographic Object Based Image Analysis (GEOBIA) method in the 2015-2019 timeframe; b) analyze changes in land cover in the core zone of sandbanks during 2015-2019; and c) evaluate the results of restoration of sand dune core zone in terms of land cover changes that have occurred until 2019. Small format aerial photographs (FUFK) are the data used in this study while the mapping method used is rule-based classification. The land cover of the sand dune core zone in 2015 included buildings, vegetation, sand, roads and ponds, while in 2019 it was in the form of buildings, vegetation, sand, and roads. Based on the classification results in the two years, it can be seen that there are changes in land cover (including area) through the cross-section of the two classification results. Some of the factors include the number of land use changes, the amount of vegetation, and sand mining. Furthermore, this change can be used as a basis for evaluating the success of the restoration efforts of the Gumuk Pasir Parangtritis core zone to date. The results of the evaluation show that the restoration carried out so far has not had much impact so it can be said that it has not been successful, because the area of ​​sand cover has actually decreased a lot (from 528,680 m2 to 344,347 m2), while the land cover in the form of vegetation and buildings has increased in size (from 869,341 m2 to 1,037,879 m2 for vegetation cover and an area of ​​4,674 m2 to 22,953 m2 for buildings).
El concepto de salario emocional
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Rubio Ávila Sandra Margarita , Aranda Beltrán Carolina ,   Universidad de Guadalajara, González Baltazar Raquel ,   Universidad de Guadalajara, Gómez-Sánchez Rogelio Vicente ,   Universidad de Guadalajara
Published: September 2021

This paper aims to list the different variables that have been written about Emotional Salary (ES) and establish a definition of the concept itself, through a bibliographic search between 2014 and 2019, in different scientific databases, using as searching words: salary, emotional compensation, emotional salary, work motivation and emotions at work; several meanings that refer to the term ES were identified, proposing our definition for the concept Emotional Salary, as the outward and within elements of work that generates positive emotions. Concluding that the ES, contributes to the generation of favorable and healthy organizational environments. Keywords: salaries and fringe benefits, employee incentive plans, concept formation.
Utilidad de la Contabilidad para emprendedores no obligados a llevar contabilidad
Authors:   Universidad Técnica “Luis Vargas Torres”, Vilela Mera Pablo Domingo , Govea Robinzón Elizabeth Jacqueline ,   Universidad Técnica “Luis Vargas Torres”, Vilela Govea Gabriela Elizabeth ,   Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral
Published: September 2021

The development of the economy, globalization, and technologies of information and communication influenced accounting science to upgrade their postulates with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Those new rules were made to unify the registration method, summarize and inform the companies’ economic operations looking to improve its analysis and interpretation. Due to this, a lot of new businesses were created worldwide as independent jobs because of the few opportunities generated by the automation of the production of goods and services. Most of them were formed as people’s entrepreneurs by using their daily savings, family support, or bank loans with low-interest rates. As consequence of more economic activities, the tax weight also increased and, thereby, better accounting control to determine the amount payable of every operation was required. In Ecuador, the entrepreneurs not required to bookkeeping must have daily control of incomes and expenses to establish their taxes, which is the reason for doing this investigation, mainly because they don’t have the academic studies nor enough profit to afford accountant’s wage. The main purpose of this work was to train them to keep accounting by themselves in which they can control their activities through designing and applicating an easy-to-use generic columnar journal. Keywords: accounting, entrepreneur, business, results.
Fases de estandarización en clínica de simulación para la realización de prácticas en estudiantes de enfermería
Authors:   Universidad Central del Ecuador, Chanatasig Villacis Ana Lucia , Cunuhay Cunuhay Cristian Ariel ,   Universidad Central del Ecuador, Rueda García Dunia Ekatierina ,   Universidad Central del Ecuador, Borja Cevallos Lusi Tamara ,   Universidad Central del Ecuador
Published: September 2021

The objective of the study was to establish compliance with the simulation clinic standardization phases by nursing students in the third semester of the nursing degree program at the Central University of Ecuador in Quito-Ecuador, during the period March - August of 2019. The type of study was descriptive cross-sectional; With a population of 95 students, the information was collected through the application of a survey where it was evident that the most accomplished phases in simulation clinic with more than 70% were: relating theory to practice, the compliance phase teacher planning for students, as well as the development of critical and reflective thinking in conjunction with the use of simulation guides according to the scenarios, were carried out in an appropriate way. Regarding standards: performance in a simulated environment as in real life, debriefing, time, and sufficient materials for practice are only met by 52%. The clinical simulation allows students to develop critical thinking that allows them adequate clinical judgment for decision-making, it was concluded that the time to carry out these practices is inadequate for the development of the simulation and this factor does not allow to fulfill all the phases required for proper practice in simulation clinic. Keywords: simulation clinic, standards, nursing students.
ATTENUATION OF SALT INDUCED CARDIAC REMODELING BY GARCINIA INDICA FRUIT EXTRACT IN RATS
Authors: Magadum Priyanka , Khatib Nayeem , Ugare Sanjay ,   Department of Pharmacology, KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi. KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi-590 010, Karnataka, India
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of hydroalcoholic extract of Garcinia indica fruit on salt-induced cardiac remodeling in Sprague Dawley rats. Animals were fed with feed consisting of extra salt i.e. 2 %, 4 %, and 6 % w/w for 1,2,3 weeks respectively and 8 % w/w from 4th to 6th week; water was supplemented throughout the study with normal saline of 0.9% w/V. ECG was recorded weekly for assessing modifications in the heart function. Animals were sacrificed to obtain blood samples at the end of the study, which were centrifuged to obtain the serum to estimate various biochemical parameters including antioxidant biomarkers in the heart. G. indica treatment at a dosage of 200, 400, and 800mg/ kg showed significantly reduced dose-dependent in heart rate, QRS complex, RR-interval, and CK-MB. It also showed a significant increase in antioxidant biomarkers viz. compared with untreated group SOD, GSH, and CAT. The experimental result underscored G.indica's antioxidant and cardioprotective effects on cardiac remodeling.
FORMULATION, DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF TOPICAL INTRADERMAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR ANTI-ACNE PRODUCT
Authors: Wilson Kashish , Saharan Anjali , Mittal Pooja , Gautam Rupesh K. , Saini Vipin ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharashi Markandeshwar (Deemed To Be University), Mullana-Ambala-133 207, Haryana, India,   Department of Pharmacology, MM School of Pharmacy, Maharashi Markandeshwar University, Sadopur-Ambala-134 007, Haryana, India,   Maharashi Markandeshwar University, Kumarhatti-Solan- 173 212, Himachal Pradesh, India
Published: September 2021

The objective of the present study was to explore the anti-acne activity of herbal drug extracts of curcumin by making complexes with varying concentrations of soya lecithin using the phase inversion technique. The preformulation studies were performed and indicated that using the resultant formulation FIM4 shows the maximum potency outcomes. The characterization and evaluation were carried using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and using various parameters such as appearance, texture, pH determination, viscosity, spreadability, stability, drug content, saponification value, irritation, antibacterial activity and in vitro diffusion. From the study, it was concluded that the optimized formulation FIM4 show the best resulting potency with antimicrobial properties.
Energy Availability and RED-S Risk Factors in Competitive, Non-elite Male Endurance Athletes
Authors: Lane Amy R , Hackney Anthony C , Smith-Ryan Abbie E , Kucera Kristen , Register-Mikalik Johna K , Ondrak Kristin
Published: September 2021

Energy Availability and RED-S Risk Factors in Competitive, Non-elite Male Endurance Athletes

Amy R Lane1, Anthony C Hackney()1, Abbie E Smith-Ryan1, Kristen Kucera1, Johna K Register-Mihalik1 and Kristin Ondrak1 

1Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA

© The Authors

 
Abstract
Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) is predicated on the assumption that low energy availability (EA) induces deficiencies-dysfunction in multiple physiologic systems. However, research on RED-S and EA in male athletes is limited in comparison to women. The aim of this study is to investigate EA and the risk factors for RED-S, and their potential associations in non-elite male endurance athletes. Laboratory assessments for resting metabolic rate (RMR), bone mineral density (BMD), blood hormonal biomarkers and maximal aerobic capacity were conducted on 60 competitive, recreationally trained male endurance athletes (age=43.4±11.6 years [mean±SD], training=10.9±2.7 h/wk, 7.1±8.8 years). Participants provided 7-days of training logs and 4-days of diet records. Diet and training records were used to calculate EA. Correlations were used to examine associations between EA and RMR, BMD, stress fractures and reproductive, metabolic and bone biomarkers. Mean EA was 28.7±13.4 kcal/kg fat free mass (FFM), which categorized our sample as low EA (based upon published criterion, < 30 kcal/kg FFM) and at a high risk for RED-S. Hormonal and bone biomarkers were in normal clinical ranges, even though EA was low. The only interesting significant association was EA being negatively associated with total body BMD (r=–0.360, P=0.005), opposite of expectations. On average our subjects displayed a state of low EA based upon the criterion which has been primarily developed from female-based research. Nonetheless, our participants displayed no major hormonal or bone health disturbances found in athletes diagnosed with RED-S. A value of < 30 kcal/kg FFM to diagnose low EA may not be appropriate for non-elite endurance trained men.
Exercise with Energy Restriction as a Means of Losing Body Mass while Preserving Muscle Quality and Ameliorating Co-morbidities: Towards a Therapy for Obesity?
Authors: Giacco Antonia , Silvestri Elena , Senese Rosalba , Cioffi Federica , Cuomo Arianna , Lombardi Assunta , Moreno Maria , Lanni Antonia , De Lange Pieter
Published: September 2021

Exercise with Energy Restriction as a Means of Losing Body Mass while Preserving Muscle Quality and Ameliorating Co-morbidities: Towards a Therapy for Obesity?

Antonia Giacco1*, Elena Silvestri1*, Rosalba Senese2, Federica Cioffi1, Arianna Cuomo2, Assunta Lombardi3, Maria Moreno1, Antonia Lanni2 and Pieter de Lange()2 

1Dipartimento di Science e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
2Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Caserta, Italy
3Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II," Napoli, Italy

© The Authors

 
Abstract
Obesity and related co-morbidities are a major public health threat worldwide, and efforts to counteract obesity by means of physiological interventions are currently being explored and applied. Here we present an overview of the literature on the effect of dietary/exercise-based programs on loss of different components of body mass. We also discuss gain or lack of loss of lean mass in view of muscle quality maintenance, which is an important aspect to consider when employing weight-loss strategies to tackle obesity. By comparing results obtained in participants with mild to severe obesity with those obtained in lean participants, we highlight variations in the success of these interventions. Furthermore, we briefly address the observation that although certain interventions may not always affect body composition they can nevertheless ameliorate co-morbidities (insulin resistance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease). Based on what is currently known, in this narrative review we include data from human and animal studies related to the process of unravelling the mechanisms underlying conservation of functional muscle mass.
Challenges Of Islamic Religious Higher Education In Indonesia: Qualitative Analysis Using NVivo Software
Authors: Riadi Septa , Ahiruddin Ahiruddin , Kuswarak Kuswarak , Purnama Husna
Published: September 2021

This study aims to analyze and examine the main issues in any news on the internet related to the challenges of Islamic Religious Higher Education. Online News is obtained using the Google Indonesia search engine using the keyword "PTKI Challenge". In this study, 22 most popular news items were analyzed related to these keywords. All the news is then coded to find the main topic contained in the news using NVivo version 12 software. The results of the main topic analysis show that the PTKI Challenge according to various news quotes has revealed many things with 58 references obtained by researchers from 22 online news. The 58 references are divided into twenty main topics. Of the 20 main topics mentioned above, the most highlighted challenge was "the curriculum does not fit the needs" which were quoted from 8 references. Next, the most cited challenge for PTKI is the “Pandemic” which throughout 2020 is currently hitting Indonesia with 6 references. Furthermore, the challenge for PTKI that was highlighted the most was Institutional Strengthening, totaling 6 citations. And also widely quoted is the acquisition of skills and knowledge in PTKI which is a challenge with as many as 6 references.
Tolerance to Human Presence, a Comparison between Rural and Urban Birds in Southeastern Brazil
Authors: de Toledo Maria Cecília Barbosa
Published: September 2021

Green urban areas such as parks, squares, gardens, and forest fragments present a large diversity of uses and conservation objectives. These spaces provide resources for many species of birds that are confronted with the necessity of living in proximity to humans. It is assumed that bird species that acquire resources in urban environments live in a constant state of fear to guarantee survival and reproduction. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of birds with respect to human presence in two distinct conditions, rural areas (low level of human presence) and urban areas (high level of human presence). The fieldwork was conducted in a city in the Southeast region of Brazil, and the methodology used the alert distance and flight initiation measurements based on the approach of an observer to the individual bird being focused. Our results suggest that individuals observed in urban areas rely on shorter alert and escape distances, especially males, adults, and birds that forage in interspecific flocks. We discuss the challenges and strategies with respect to escape characteristics of urban birds, with special focus on the economic escape theory. In general, our results support those from studies conducted in other urban areas in different biogeographic regions, and they will aid in comprehending the impacts caused by the increase in urban areas around the world.
Tingkat Kedisiplinan Tim Bedah Dalam Penggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) Di Ruang OK IGD RSUP Sanglah Denpasar
Authors: Gede Yenny Apriani Desak
Published: September 2021

Latar belakang dan tujuan: Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) adalah alat yang mempunyai kemampuan untuk melindungi sesorang dalam pekerjaan yang berfungsi mengisolasi pekerja dari bahaya di tempat kerja. APD yang efektif harus digunakan secara tepat dan sesuai dengan risiko yang dihadapi. Pemilihan APD khususnya bagi tenaga keperawatan harus berdasarkan risiko atau pun bahaya saat melakukan kegiatan keperawatan. APD tenaga kesehatan ketika praktik terdiri dari Sarung tangan, masker, penutup kepala, gaun pelindung, apron, kaca mata, sepatu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kedisiplinan tim bedah dalam penggunaan alat pelindung diri di ruang operasi IGD RSUP Sanglah Denpasar

Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah deskriptif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah adalah semua tim bedah yang sudah dirata-ratakan dengan jumlah 24 responden, dengan tehnik consecutive sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode observasi.

Hasil: Didapat bahwa dari 24 responden tim bedah, sebagian besar responden yang tidak disiplin sebanyak 16 orang (67%) dan sebagian kecil responden yang disiplin sebanyak 8 orang (33%) APD yang paling sering tidak digunakan oleh tim bedah terdapat pada alat pelindung diri (googgles) yaitu dengan jumlah 16 orang (67%).

Simpulan: Tingkat kedisiplinan tim bedah dalam penggunaan APD ditemukan sebagian besar responden yang tidak disiplin dan sebagian kecil responden yang disiplin
Tingkat Kepatuhan Tenaga Kesehatan Dalam Melakukan Five Moments For Hand Hygiene Di Ruang ICU Barat RSUP Sanglah Denpasar Tahun 2018
Authors: Firsia Sastra Putri Desak Made
Published: September 2021

Latar belakang dan tujuan: Mencuci tangan merupakan rutinitas yang murah dan penting dalam prosedur pengontrolan infeksi dan merupakan metode terbaik untuk mencegah transmisi mikroorganisme. Salah satu upaya yang dijalankan di RSUP Sanglah Denpasar dalam mencegah infeksi nosokomial (HAIs) adalah dengan membudayakan kepatuhan mencuci tangan di kalangan petugas kesehatan. Adapun five moments for hand hygiene tersebut yaitu sebelum kontak dengan pasien, sebelum melaksanakan prosedur aseptik, setelah terpapar atau menyentuh cairan tubuh pasien, setelah kontak dengan pasien, dan setelah kontak dengan lingkungan sekitar pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kepatuhan tenaga kesehatan dalam melakukan five moments for hand hygiene di ruang ICU Barat RSUP Sanglah Denpasar Tahun 2018.

Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah deskriptif observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah tenaga kesehatan yang bertugas di ruang ICU Barat dengan teknik sampling yaitu purposive sampling dengan sampel sebanyak 40 responden. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode observasi.

Hasil: Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu tingkat kepatuhan tenaga kesehatan sebagian besar dalam kategori patuh yaitu sebanyak 36 orang (90,0%).

Simpulan: Tingkat kepatuhan tenaga kesehatan sudah dalam kategori patuh dan perlu ditingkatkan lagi untuk mencapai nilai 100% dengan cara seperti adanya penyuluhan dan penilaian tentang five moments for hand hygiene.
Design issues for smart isolation of structures: past and recent research
Authors:   Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture, University of Naples Federico II, Corbi Ottavia , Baratta Alessandro ,   Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture, University of Naples Federico II, Corbi Ileana ,   Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture, University of Naples Federico II, Tropeano Francesca ,   Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture, University of Naples Federico II, Liccardo Eugenio ,   Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture, University of Naples Federico II
Published: September 2021

The paper focuses on a number of original researches developed by the authors concerned with the development of new design approaches for smart base isolation systems for structures. Base Isolation (BI) systems represent the first kind of control devices applied to civil structures. In the paper, advancement in technology is exploited in this field, allowing to conceive new BI typologies possibly based on the adoption of special smart materials or on the coupling of the basic passive device with additional corrective devices, in such a way to minimize the disadvantages deriving from the simply passive system. Illustrated procedures also embed in the design pattern of base-isolation systems the interaction effects between structure and soil in order to provide the best tuning of the isolation parameters and to get the maximum performance of the devices, finally summarizing a number of original approaches to design under passive, semi-active and hybrid modes.
Gastropod Pests on Gracilaria Cylindrica and Gracilaria Verrucosa
Authors: Soekendarsi Eddy
Published: September 2021

Using traditional methods, Gracilaria cylindrica and Gracilaria verrucosa are commonly cultivated  in  ponds  located  in the south eastern  parts  of South Sulawesi.  G. cylindrica  has thick,  cylindrical   branches.  G.  verrucosa  has  slender  broad-based branches.  An illustrated taxonomic  account  is  presented.   Three   species  of  herbivore   gastropods,  Clithon   sp., Neritodryas sp., and Clypeomorus sp., occur naturally in the pond areas. The snails easily develop into pests. To reduce the problem, farmers must daily clean cultured Gracilaria by hand. Polyculture of Gracilaria and milk fish reduce problems with fouling epiphytes.
Study on the Development of Spiral babylonia snail Tiger Snail Juvenil Eggs (Babylonia spirata Linnaeus, 1758) in the Laboratory
Authors: Fatoni Muhammad , Pringgenies Delianis , Djunaedi Ali
Published: September 2021

Several marine gastropods are known to have high economic value, one of which is the Spiral babylonia snail. They commonly exploited for meat, shell, or operculum. Tiger snail meat is commonly exported and consumed by fishermen. Its shell is used as a material for industrial lime and for omamen. Operculum is commonly used as a medicinal and perfume ingredient). However, the recent production has decreased due to the limited information of seasonal catch. One way to overcome these obstacles is through culture activities. The provision of seeds is an important link in the culture system, therefore the study of the spawning process and larval development is an important requirement for the development of larval rearing techniques. This study aims to determine the development process of juvenil eggs and the survival rate of tiger snails reared in the laboratory.. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Marine Farm Subdivision in Kudus, Pt Pura Bahari, Jepara Regency. This sudy used experimental method with descriptive data analysis. Adult tiger snails were caught from Bunga waters, Demak. The snails were reared in a rectangular tube filled with 15 cm filtered sea water and 5 cm of sand. Egg capsules were reared in a 4 liters circular tube with continuous aeration. The hatched larvae were reared in a 300 liters circular tube filled with filtered seawater, continuously aerated and fed with Chlorella plankton . Our result showed that tiger snails spawn naturally and produce egg capsules. The incubation period for the capsule is 6 days, then develop into veliger larva for 12 days. The veliger larvae metamorphosed,and become juvenil. The lowest survival rate observed in the veliger stage. The survival rate of the egg and the intracapsular trochopore stages were quite high (tube I = 98.413%; tube II = 98.238%; tube III = 90.476%), then the lowest was in the veliger stage (tube I = 3,468%; tube II = 2.603%; tube III = 2,598%) and the juvenil stage is quite high compared to the previous phase (tube I = 3,413%; tube II = 2,479%; tube III = 2,351%).
Front matter
Authors: Pringgenies Delianis
Published: September 2021

Front matter
Study of the Types of Molluscs Used by Communities, in Lake Sentani, Papua
Authors: Surbakti Suriani
Published: September 2021

The distribution of molluscs in Lake Sentani depends on their broad adaptability, dispersal ability, and zoogeographic history and ecological conditions. Ecological conditions in Papua have undergone many changes after the passage of special autonomy. A study on mollusk groups used by the community was carried in May-June 2018. Several government programs that require new land clearing for settlements, infrastructure development and agricultural areas have resulted in the conversion of sago forests, rivers, swamps, mangrove forests and lakes as places of interest. New settlements and shopping centers, consequently the degradation of Lake Sentani is unavoidable. Lake Sentani is currently under a lot of pressure from both internal and external factors. Some observers of lake ecology generally only conduct studies on water quality, but have not studied much of the fauna diversity, the potential of the lake's biological resources, let alone study the diversity of mollusc species and the types used by the community and the threat to the sustainability of the mollusk groups that are used. The public's understanding of the existence of Molluscs from an ecological and economic point of view has contributed greatly. From the survey results in Lake Sentani, the types used by the community are: Thiara sp. Pomacea canaliculata,  Pilsbryoconcha exilis, Bellamya sp, and Faunus sp. in the in-let area. Utilization of mollusk groups as a source of  family economy is also the second source of protein after fish, while in mountainous areas, certain types of mollusk  shells are still used as a legally valid medium of exchange locally.
Front Matter
Authors: Jmi Admin
Published: September 2021

Front matter
Rectal mobilization for laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy of the lower paracervical pathway in patients with uterine cancer
Authors: Kisu Iori , Nomura Hidetaka , Iida Miho , Banno Kouji , Shiraishi Tetsuro , Iijima Moito , Nakamura Kayoko , Matsuda Kiyoko , Hirao Nobumaru
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveThe pelvic lymphatic drainage system comprises the upper and lower paracervical pathways (LPPs). Lymph node dissection of the LPP, including the cardinal ligament, internal iliac, internal common iliac, and presacral lymph nodes, requires higher surgical skills because of the anatomical limitations of the pelvic cavity and the dissection of vessels while preserving the nerves in the pelvic floor. In this video, we demonstrate rectal mobilization for laparoscopic complete pelvic lymph node dissection of the LPP in patients with uterine cancer.MethodsRectal mobilization was performed before complete pelvic lymph node dissection of the LPP. The pararectal space was opened widely and the connective tissue between the presacral fascia and prehypogastric nerve fascia was dissected bilaterally, allowing the rectum to be pulled.ResultsThis procedure created a wide-open space in the pelvic floor, allowing clear visualization of the nerves and lymph nodes of the LPP. Laparoscopic complete lymph node dissection of the LPP was performed in the open space while preserving the hypogastric and pelvic splanchnic nerves and isolating the extensive network of blood vessels in the pelvic cavity.ConclusionRectal mobilization enabled the safe execution of laparoscopic complete pelvic lymph node dissection of the LPP in patients with uterine cancer.
Application of Learner-Centered Approach in College English Instruction in China: A Case Study
Authors: Du Shengnan
Published: September 2021

With a development history of more than half a century, the learner-centered approach has become a new teaching paradigm worldwide. The approach can produce effective and significant learning focusing on learners’ development, learning, and learning outcomes. This study aimed to determine how a learner-centered approach can increase students’ engagement, improve their English learning strategies, and enhance their academic performance in a specific EFL setting. Bloom’s taxonomy, Zhao’s “Neo Tri-Centers,” Krashen’s L2 acquisition theory, and primarily Biggs’ constructive alignment functioned as valuable guidelines when designing the instructional activities. Constructive alignment holds that intended learning outcomes, teaching and learning activities, and assessment tasks should be aligned organically to achieve effective learning. Data collected through the instructor’s observations, questionnaires, assessments of the students’ performances, and colleague’s feedback show that the learner-centered approach has remarkably motivated the students, improved their learning strategies, and enhanced their academic performance. The results and implications of this study may be of reference importance for future language teaching in a foreign language or second language setting. 
Moderating Influence of Contextual Determinants on Relationship between Monitoring and Evaluation Practices and Performance of County Maternal Health Programmes in Kenya
Authors: Gatimu John , Gakuu Christopher , Ndiritu Anne
Published: September 2021

Effective monitoring and evaluation practices is widely known to help improve performance, the quality and effectiveness of planning and decision making and achievement of results. This is because monitoring focuses on the implementation process and progress towards the achievement of project objectives. Despite the Kenya Government’s effort to promote County Maternal Health programmes through legal frameworks such as the county integrated monitoring and evaluation practices tool, and while there is empirical evidence that monitoring and evaluation practices contributes to enhanced performance, actual performance of county health sector across Kenya remains poor. The purpose of the study was to establish moderating influence of contextual determinants on the relationship between monitoring and evaluation practices and performance of County Maternal Health programmes in Kenya. The paradigm that is suitable for this study is pragmatism. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The study targeted 8 regional blocks in Kenya (Central,, Western Coast, Eastern, Rift Valley, North Eastern, Nyanza, Nairobi) where one county from each block was selected. From these counties the target population was 1165 respondents including Medical officers, Clinical Officers, Trained Community health workers, Nurses, County Health Management Team and County Delivery Unit officers from level 4 and 5 hospitals. Sampling procedure for this study was guided by the research design which is descriptive survey design. Stratified random sampling was used to obtain 282 respondents from which information was obtained for this study. The research instruments that were used for data collection are: a self-administered structured questionnaire and interview guides. Descriptive and inferential data analysis techniques were used in this study. Regression was conducted for testing the study hypothesis. The research established that there was a strong correlation between the performance of county maternal health programmes and contextual determinants (r=0.638, p=0.000<0.05). The study found that after introduction of contextual determinants into the relationship, and the interaction term in model 2 increased the R square by 0.08. This implies that the interaction between contextual determinants and monitoring and evaluation practices explains 8.0% variations in performance of county maternal health programmes. The study concluded that contextual determinants significantly moderate the relationship between monitoring and evaluation practices and performance of County Maternal Health Programmes in Kenya. The study recommends investing in robust and dynamic technical coordination platforms that can sustain the agenda for change. and at all levels is necessary to ensure the sustainability of M&E reforms in the health sector.