bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aboriginal Students and the Delivery of Citizenship Education
Authors: Deer Frank
Published: June 2020

Aboriginal people, one of Canada’s most significant ethnic groups in regard to population and growth, are in crisis. This crisis can be characterized as one of social positioning where conditions of poverty, lack of opportunity, and other elements of marginalization are symptoms. Aboriginals and non-Aboriginal scholars have engaged in numerous discussions regarding what can be described as a struggle for a state of dignity in Canada. Citizenship education, an aspect of contemporary schooling that embraces such notions as equality, tolerance, and social justice, is reputed to provide some direction in regard to how all Canadians can develop and prosper regardless of ethnic or cultural background. This article will explore citizenship education and its possible implications for Aboriginal students in Canada.
Aboriginal people, one of Canada’s most significant ethnic groups in regard to population and growth, are in crisis. This crisis can be characterized as one of social positioning where conditions of poverty, lack of opportunity, and other elements of marginalization are symptoms. Aboriginals and non-Aboriginal scholars have engaged in numerous discussions regarding what can be described as a struggle for a state of dignity in Canada. Citizenship education, an aspect of contemporary schooling that embraces such notions as equality, tolerance, and social justice, is reputed to provide some direction in regard to how all Canadians can develop and prosper regardless of ethnic or cultural background. This article will explore citizenship education and its possible implications for Aboriginal students in Canada.
Different Paths, Same Destination: A Case Study of the 2002 Amendment to the Education Act for Chinese Minorities in Malaysia
Authors: Chan Charissa
Published: June 2020

This article describes the effects and implications of the 2002 Amendment to the Education Act for the ethnic Chinese community, through exploring the challenges that the policy pose for Chinese school and education, as well as investigating the responses of the different stakeholders in Chinese community toward the change in policy. A case study approach was adopted for this study. Surveys (of students and parents), discussions with educators, and document analysis of textbooks and newspapers were carried out. Findings indicated that this policy had negative implications for mother tongue education in Malaysia, resulting in a huge overhaul of the Chinese primary school and educational system. This assimilatory policy seeks to undermine the maintenance of ethnic Chinese minority’s heritage and identity.
Cet article décrit les effets et les implications soulevés par l’amendement de la Loi Educative en 2002 pour la communauté chinoise. Il explore de ce fait les défis que cette loi pose aux écoles et à l’éducation chinoise en général, et explique les solutions que les différents acteurs de la communauté chinoise ont adoptées afin de répondre aux changements que cette loi implique. La recherche repose sur une étude de cas, raison pour laquelle l’auteure a effectué des sondages auprès des étudiants et des parents, a mené des discussions avec les professeurs et a analysé des livres de cours et quelques journaux. Ses recherches ont démontré que cette loi avait des implications négatives pour l’éducation en langue native en Malaisie, ce qui a mené à une restructuration importante non seulement de l’école primaire chinoise mais également du système éducatif dans son ensemble. Cette politique d’assimilation cherche à affaiblir la présence des minorités ethniques chinoises et leur identité.
Clarifying the Present State of and Trends in Comparative Education from an Analysis of Journal Articles
Authors: Wolhuter Charl
Published: June 2020

The aim of this research is to explicate the present state of and developments within the field of Comparative Education, by means of an analysis of articles published in Canadian and International Education and the Comparative Education Review, two eminent journals in the field. The following aspects of articles published in the two journals, since their inception till the end of 2006, were analyzed:

levels of analysis of articles
number of units covered by articles
geographical areas which articles deal with
modes of education articles deal with and
themes/topics focused on.

From the analysis, two features of the field became visible. On the one hand a striking consistency, on the other hand potential for a considerable broadening of levels of analysis, of geographical areas, and of modes of education. Theoreticians in the field make reasoned cases for such broadening, and articles analyzed revealed that incipient moves towards them are taking place. However, much scope for the expansion of the field along these lines exists. Some of these are pointed out.
Cette recherche analyse plusieurs articles de deux revues éminentes, l’Education canadienne et Internationale et la revue Comparative Education Review dont le but sera d’expliquer l’état présent ainsi que l’évolution des recherches en Éducation Comparée. Les articles ont été choisis, depuis la création des revues jusqu’à la fin de 2006, sur la base des caractéristiques suivantes :

Niveau d’analyse de l’article;
Quantité d’éléments couverts par article;
Zones géographiques visées par les articles ;
Méthodologies éducatives visées par l’article;
Thèmes/sujets analysés.

L’analyse présente deux caractéristiques principales. D’un côté, il existe une consistance frappante, et de l’autre, un grand potentiel pour diversifier d’avantage les différents niveaux d’analyse, les zones géographiques, ainsi que les méthodologies éducatives visées. Les spécialistes du domaine acceptent cette diversification. Plusieurs articles analysés démontrent qu’un mouvement récent de diversification est en train de se développer. Les objectifs de développement doivent cependant être mieux définis. Quelques possibilités sont indiquées dans cet article.
Book Review - Educating children in conflict zones: Research, policy and practice for systemic change. A tribute to Jackie Kirk.
Authors: Larkin Allyson
Published: June 2020

Educating children in conflict zones: Research, policy and practice for systemic change is a volume dedicated to the memory of Jackie Kirk, an educational researcher who was killed while working in Afghanistan. This collection of research articles is an excellent contribution to the field of education, conflict and development studies, Kirk's area of expertise. The initial article is by Kirk and is a seminal piece in the field of education and conflict studies, and subsequent contributions by leading researchers in the field such as Lyn Davies, round out a volume that both adds to the growing knowledge of the contested role of education in conflict and lays out an agenda for future research.
Empowering Teachers to become Change Agents through the Science Education In-Service Teacher Training Project in Zimbabwe
Authors: Gwekwerere Yovita , Mushayikwa Emmanuel , Manokore Viola
Published: June 2020

This paper presents findings from a study of three Zimbabwean science teachers who participated in the Science Education In-service Teacher Training (SEITT) program. At the turn of the century, the SEITT program was designed to develop science and mathematics teachers into expert masters and resource teachers for Zimbabwe’s ten school districts. The study investigated the successes and challenges faced by the three teachers who were in the process of reforming their pedagogical practices as well as writing and using contextualized science curriculum materials to teach secondary science. Data were collected through telephone interviews. The three teachers reported that the SEITT program helped them to transform their practice as well as that of their peers. They also reported that changing their teaching methods motivated learners to actively participate and this change also resulted in improved teacher efficacy. The paper discusses implications for improving science teaching and suggestions for contextualizing the science curriculum in developing countries.
Educational Leadership in a Fragile State: Comparative Insights from Haiti
Authors: Jean-Marie Gaetane , Sider Steve
Published: June 2020

Although there has been extensive examination of educational leadership in the developed world (e.g. Fullan, 2001; Leithwood & Sun, 2012), there has been much less research on school leadership in fragile states such as Haiti. This paper responds to Dimmock and Walker’s (2000) call for greater attention to comparative and international research on educational leadership specifically by examining school leadership in the Haitian context. The study on which this paper is based examines the experiences of eight school leaders in Haiti in response to the question: What types of leadership practices do school leaders in Haiti exhibit? Three themes are presented: responsiveness to localized needs, a commitment to educational change and improvement, and innovation in responding to challenging contexts. We discuss how these themes may be illuminating of school leadership in fragile states by considering communal and community-based leadership, resilience, and the momentum for change in consideration of Moorosi and Bush’s (2011) work on localized networks for change.
‘South-South’ Borrowing: Lessons from the Caribbean and implications for post 2015 agenda
Authors: Lam Elaine
Published: June 2020

This article aims to draw attention to complexities of ‘education borrowing’ and outline considerations for setting education goals beyond 2015, the projected expiry date for Education for All goals. While policies from multilateral agencies advocate sharing best practices between developing nations to support improvements to quality education, qualitative research in Barbados and Trinidad & Tobago indicates that best practices are not shared nor implemented. At best, foreign ideas from industrialized countries are used to legitimize local policies. It appears that directives aimed at fostering ‘South-South’ cooperation do not account for cultural differences. Findings also suggest a lack of cross-national attraction as developing nations are more concerned about ‘international standards’. Policy development considerations for 2015 include a stronger emphasis on identifying locally driven approaches and goals in place of ‘South-South’ borrowing rhetoric. Abandonment of a common realm of values is not necessary; however the reduction of interventions by multilateral agencies may be a worthwhile goal for post 2015.
La formation initiale des enseignants au Québec et en Finlande : une étude comparative
Authors: Morales Perlaza Adriana , Tardif Maurice
Published: June 2020

Initiée dans les années 1980 aux États-Unis, la professionnalisation de l’enseignement constitue aujourd’hui un mouvement international (OCDE, 2005). Comment a-t-elle marqué les systèmes de formation initiale des enseignants finlandais et québécois? En Finlande, la formation initiale dure 5 ans, tandis qu’au Québec, elle est de 4 ans après deux années d’études postsecondaires au cégep. Dans les deux contextes, les enseignants ont donc 17 ans de scolarité totale. Mais au-delà de cette durée commune, qu’elles sont les similitudes et différences spécifiques entre les programmes de formation des enseignants en Finlande et au Québec? Afin de répondre à ces questions, cette recherche qualitative documentaire analyse la mise en œuvre de la professionnalisation et son articulation à l’organisation des programmes de formation des enseignants du primaire dans ces deux sociétés.
The Processes of Designing and Implementing Globally Networked Learning Environments and their Implications on College Instructors’ Professional Learning: The Case of Québec CÉGEPs
Authors: Bégin-Caouette Olivier , Khoo Yishin , Afridi Momina
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study describes the design and implementation processes of globally networked learning environments (GNLEs) in a college environment and discusses how these processes may contribute to instructors' professional learning. A thematic analysis was conducted on five interviews with instructors working in Quebec general and vocational colleges (CEGEPs). The design and implementation processes were mapped out using Fretchling's (2007) logic modeling basic components. Findings suggest that GNLEs in a college context take the form of joint lectures or joint activities. Instructors reported that designing and teaching within a GNLE had led to pedagogical, intercultural and technology-related learning; and that learning was fostered by unforeseen challenges as well as long-standing partnerships.
Résumé
L’objectif de cette étude est de décrire les processus de conception et de mise en œuvre de milieux d’apprentissage réseautés internationalement (MARI) dans un environnement collégial ainsi que d’analyser leur influence sur le perfectionnement professionnel. Une analyse thématique réalisée à partir de cinq entrevues avec des enseignants de cégeps a permis d’élaborer un modèle logique (Fretchling 2007). Les résultats suggèrent que les MARI implantés dans un collège prennent surtout la forme de cours magistraux ou d’activités pédagogiques conjointes. Pour les enseignants impliqués, le perfectionnement (pédagogique, interculturel ou technologique) résulte des imprévus et des partenariats durables inhérents aux MARI.
Encounters With Discomfort: How Do Young Canadians Understand (Their) Privilege And (Others') Poverty In The Context Of An International Volunteer Experience?
Authors: Schwarz Kaylan
Published: June 2020

This qualitative case study explores how a group of Canadian youth negotiated their encounters with others’ poverty and their own privilege in the context of a short-term international volunteer experience in Sub-Saharan Africa. Through a thematic analysis of retrospective narrative interviews – informed by whiteness studies – this article describes participants’ experiences of discomfort arising from 1) their encounters with material poverty and 2) their ability to maintain their own privilege(s) overseas. Collectively, the data illuminate the various defensive strategies and explanatory frameworks that young people might employ when confronted with destabilizing information in unfamiliar international settings.
Multi-stakeholder Partnership in Teacher Education and Development
Authors: Guo-Brennan Linyuan , Francis Carolyn , Townsend Elizabeth , Guo-Brennan Michael
Published: June 2020

While there is a growing interest in offering international teaching practicums to pre-service teachers as an approach to developing teachers' global perspectives on education, however, understanding of the impact of such practice on the host communities is insufficient or absent. This study collected data from multiple sources and, using the Theory of Change framework, examined the impact of pre-service teachers' international practicum on the school and community development in Kenya. Through exploring the context of host communities, the perceptions of Kenyan educators, and the changes that have occurred in Kenyan schools and communities, this study revealed positive development changes in Kenyan schools as the result of hosting pre-service teachers. A model of forming multi-stakeholder global partnership in higher education was presented to make the international teaching practicum a reciprocal professional development opportunity for educators in both sending and receiving countries.
Somali Refugee Students in Canadian Schools: Pre-Migration Experiences and Challenges in Refugee Camps
Authors: Ayoub Mohamad , Zhou George
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the pre-migration challenges experienced by Somali refugee students in refugee camp before resettling in Canada. The findings were drawn from a qualitative research that was designed to investigate the pre-migration and post-migration experiences of Somali refugee students attending English public schools in a southwestern city in Ontario, Canada. The method of data collection in the study was semi-structured one-on-one interviews. A total of six Somali refugee students were interviewed. The exploration into the participants’ experiences revealed that they faced many pre-migration challenges in refugee camps. Members of the school community, including educators, administrators, and students, have a major role to play in supporting Somali newcomers with their integration.
Looking Beyond the Household: The Importance of School Factors in Understanding Elementary Grade Retention in Rural Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Rahim Bushra
Published: June 2020

This paper contributes to the limited literature on the educational outcomes of children in rural Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. It explores the impact of school-level factors such as physical resources, teachers and school characteristics on retention to the last grade of primary in the KP province for the time period 2007-12. Two sources of data were used to measure the retention rates. One of which is an official compilation of institutional data on education known as Education Management Information System (EMIS). The second data source, Annual Status of Education Reports (ASER), is a household data set with a rich set of household covariates, teachers’ characteristics and student performance data on reading and mathematics. The results from regression analyses indicate that children are more likely to complete primary education cycle when they receive instructions in local language and when the pupil-teacher ratio is below a certain threshold. Results also reveal that a continuous increase in school size beyond a certain threshold (> 400 enrollment) is related to a decrease in retention rate. Further, mixed schools (all-boys’ schools having girls enrolled in them) were found to have better retention rates than boys’ schools.
The Lead-up to the Education for All Conference in 1990: Framing the Global Consensus
Authors: Masemann Vandra
Published: June 2020

This paper gives an account of the author's experience on the Steering Group of the Education for All Conference from 1989 to 1990. The main purpose is to give a firsthand account, based on primary sources, of the discussions that took place in the meetings and the editing of the documents leading up to the EFA Conference in Jomtien. This participant-observer account is based on draft documents circulated and verbatim notes taken during the preparation stage and the conference itself. The conclusion is that the original neo-liberal economic approach to improving basic education was retained in the final documents because alternative approaches were largely discouraged or reduced to small editorial changes. The main mechanisms for ensuring this result were the drafting and publicizing of the original documents as the basis for building a “global consensus” with little time or opportunity for changing the basic assumptions underlying the suggestions for research and reform.
Les plans d’intervention au Canada : analyse comparée des fonctions
Authors: Tremblay Philippe
Published: June 2020

Dans le contexte actuel où il existe peu d’études comparatives sur l’élaboration et la mise en oeuvre desplans d’intervention, l’objectif de cet article est de réaliser une analyse comparée pour apporter un nouveléclairage, au niveau canadien, sur les fonctions qu’il remplit selon les dix provinces et les trois territoirescanadiens. Pour ce faire, une analyse de contenu des textes légaux, des politiques et de guides a étéréalisée suite à l’identification de sept fonctions assumées par le plan d’intervention. Au final, lesfonctions assumées par le plan d’intervention sont globalement les mêmes d’un océan à l’autre, sauf en cequi concerne la fonction d’identification. Cette fonction, émergeant avec les transformations induites parl’inclusion scolaire et l’approche non-catégorielle est relativement nouvelle par une centration sur lanature des difficultés rencontrées par l’élève plutôt que sur les causes de celles-ci.
Challenges and Opportunities in Parent-Teacher Relationships in Contemporary China
Authors: Guo Yan , Wu Xueqin , Liu Xiaoli
Published: June 2020

This study explores how market economy affects parent-teacher relationships in China. Guided by Bourdieu’s (1986) capital theory, we interviewed twenty-one teachers and twenty parents in China. The study reveals that the market economy has impacted changes in parent-teacher relationships in several aspects. First, modern technology such as the Internet and WeChat has facilitated communication between parents and teachers with fast pace and convenience. Moreover, the study makes an original contribution to the field by challenging stereotyping assumptions towards Chinese parents who are either completely not involved or partially involved in their child’s education at home. The study shows that contemporary Chinese parents are actively involved in their children’s education both at home and at school. Furthermore, the market economy has shaken the high social status that teachers enjoyed in the past. As a result, parents prefer to adopt pragmatic approaches to parent-teacher relationships. Finally, the urban, middle-class parents whose social capital, alongside cultural, symbolic and economic capital enable them to mobilize their social networks in interacting with the school. They appear to be more likely than previous generations of Chinese parents to challenge teachers’ authority, and there have been more serious conflicts between parents and teachers. The study focuses on China, but these rare insights highlight current and emerging dangers to parent-teacher engagement with relevance to many other countries.
Chinese Immigrant Parents’ Involvement in Their Children’s After-school Education: Behaviors and Perspectives
Authors: Zhou George , Zhong Lan , Zheng Jie
Published: June 2020

Through listening to participants’ own words, this study provides a comprehensive description and analysis of Chinese immigrant parents’ perceptions and behaviours of involvement in their children’s after-school education. It reveals that Chinese immigrant parents were willing to become involved in their children’s after-school education. Although many Chinese immigrant parents faced challenges in the host culture, they sacrificed themselves to support their children’s development. They hold high education expectations for their children, view academics as the most important thing and provide help with their children’s academics. Yet they also want their children to receive a well-rounded education. This study indicates that the Chinese immigrant parents’ behaviours and perspectives of involvement in their children’s after-school education were shaped by Chinese traditional cultural values, parents’ personal experiences, and their understanding of Canadian culture.
In the Pursuit of Justice: A Case Study on the Role of Service-Learning in Developing Civic Engagement among College Students in Egypt
Authors: Shalabi Neivin
Published: June 2020

Service-learning is a form of experiential education that connects classroom instruction with community service for the benefits of the partners involved. While the effects of service-learning on college students are well documented in Western settings, considerably less is known about these effects in Eastern contexts. Given the current profound political changes in Egypt and the greater Arab world, this research utilized a case study design to explore the potential of service-learning for developing civic awareness among college students at a university in Northern Egypt. Findings revealed that participation in service-learning allowed students valuable opportunities to connect with others from backgrounds different from their own. Through their work in the community, students gained important civic skills, including thinking critically and addressing public problems, developing perspective-taking positions, and enhancing coping capabilities. The study outcomes suggest a cultural shift in Egypt that validates young adults as a productive segment of population thus affording them structured opportunities for civic engagement through which they could exercise their leadership skills and effect positive change in their communities. The ongoing critical engagement of students in their communities where they grapple with questions about the structural causes of inequalities in society is pivotal for service-learning to be a truly empowering learning experience.
Ethical Openness in the Work of Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak
Authors: McAuliffe Jana
Published: June 2020

This paper explores the problem of racial privilege in US American feminist thought. Drawing on Gayatri Spivak’s analysis of ethics, particularly her ideas of epistemic discontinuity and teleopoietic reading, I argue that a specific kind of ethical openness can help feminist social-political philosophy better negotiate the legacy of white privilege. Spivak’s work calls for a reconsideration and reworking of the subject who theorizes. Her analysis of ethics suggests that racially privileged feminists must be able to confront their own complicity in order to engage in political critique less likely to recreate historical patterns of racial domination and exclusion.
Nuevos comunes para la transformación eco-social: el Ecomercado de Granada como estudio de caso
Authors: Morillas del Moral José Antonio
Published: June 2020

El presente trabajo señala las distintas vertientes abiertas en el estudio del común, especialmente dentro de los nuevos comunes. Posteriormente, se construye un marco de referencia entre la Economía Social y Solidaria y el estudio de los bienes comunes utilizando las líneas conceptuales que unen ambas teorías. Finalmente, se aplica dicho marco a un caso de estudio de nuevos comunes temáticos que se configura como una iniciativa de Economía Social y Solidaria: El Ecomercado de Granada. Este Ecomercado persigue una mayor calidad alimentaria y una forma distinta de entender las relaciones agroalimentarias y económicas en la ciudad.
Polymorphism of the prion protein gene (PRNP) in Polish Merino and Suffolk sheep flocks
Authors: Niżnikowski Roman , Świątek Marcin , Szymańska Żaneta , Ślęzak Magdalena , Głowacz Krzysztof
Published: June 2020

The aim of the study was to investigate the distribution of prion protein PRNP alleles in flocks of Polish Merino and Suffolk sheep. The research was conducted in 2012-2017 on ewes and rams kept in the Golina Wielka sheepfold (Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland). All animals (264 ♀ and 64 ♂ Polish Merino; 98 ♀ and 73 ♂ Suffolk) were up to one year old. PRNP gene polymorphism was identified in the sheep. The frequency of scrapie alleles and genotypes was found to be highly significantly influenced by the breed and significantly influenced by the year in the case of Polish Merino sheep. Five alleles (ALRR, ALRQ, ALHQ, AFRQ and VLRQ) were detected in Polish Merino sheep, leading to the identification of 10 PRNP genotypes. In the Suffolk breed, three alleles (ALRR, ALRQ and ALHQ) and three genotypes were identified. In the Polish Merino breed, the frequency of the ALRR/ALRQ genotype was high and was the highest among all genotypes, followed by ALRR/ALRR. The level of genotypes containing valine at codon 136 was very low. In the Suffolk breed, the frequency of the ALRR/ALRR genotype was very high, and there were no alleles with valine at codon 136. In addition, in Polish Merino sheep, phenylalanine at codon 141 was detected only in the AFRQ allele, which appeared in two genotypes (in combination with ALRR and ALRQ).
The synthetic WROBER line – effect of the mating system on reproductive parameters and production of slaughter lambs
Authors: Ługowski Radosław Szymon , Niżnikowski Roman , Świątek Marcin , Szymańska Żaneta , Kozera Piotr , Księżak Jerzy
Published: June 2020

The aim of the study was to compare two mating systems and their impact on reproductive parameters in sheep of the synthetic WROBER line and to evaluate the profitability of lamb meat production. Sheep were raised at the Agricultural Experimental Station in Żelazna (Warsaw University of Life Sciences) in a traditional system with mating once a year and at the Werbkowice Experimental Farm (Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation – National Research Institute) in an intensified system with a shortened lambing interval. The study confirmed the suitability of the WROBER line for intensive production of slaughter lambs. In this system, 0.5 more lambs were obtained per ewe (in all seasons) than in the traditional system. Due to the increased number of lambs produced, the WROBER line can become more profitable.
Clostridium difficile infection in patients after solid organ transplantations
Authors: Dudzicz Sylwia , Adamczak Marcin , Więcek Andrzej
Published: June 2020

Clostridium difficile is the most common identified pathogen causing nosocomial and antibiotic-associated diarrhea. The incidence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has increased over the last decades. The occurrence of severe and recurrent CDI is also more often recently observed. Patients after solid organs transplantation are more prone to Clostridium difficile infection that the general population. This is associated mainly with immunosuppressive therapy, more frequent hospitalizations and frequent antibiotic therapy. Due to the growing number of CDI, it is important to correctly diagnose this infection and to implement the proper treatment. The main drugs used to treat CDI are vancomycin and fidaxomicin. In the case of CDI recurrence, fecal microbiota transplantation remains to be considered. The rationale use of antibiotics and avoiding proton pump inhibitors may also prevent CDI. Results of recent observational study suggest that one of the probiotics – Lactobacillus plantarum 299v prevents CDI in patients during immunosuppressive therapy. The efficacy and safety of using probiotics in CDI prophylaxis in this group of patients requires, however, further studies.
Switching Stabilization for Nonlinear Networked Control Systems with Delays and Packet Losses
Authors: Zhang Qi , Liu Bin
Published: June 2020

This paper studies the stabilization problem for nonlinear NCSs(NNCSs) with bilateral network-induced random delay and packet dropout. T-S fuzzy model is employed to represent the nonlinear controlled plant. Based on the T-S model, a discrete-time fuzzy switched system model with uncertain parameters is established by means of the uncertain method and switching system method. Furthermore, the exponential stability condition for the state of the fuzzy switched system is obtained by using the combination of slow switching model-dependent average dwell time (MDADT) method and fast switching MDADT method. Finally, a series of rotary inverted pendulum experiments are provided to illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed method and prove that the proposed fuzzy controller based on T-S fuzzy model can balance the rotary inverted pendulum in a greater state range rather than the linear controller based on linearization
Der Verbraucher als Trittbrettfahrer. Irrwege im Recht der deutschen und grenzüberschreitenden Erbensuche
Authors: Pierson Thomas
Published: June 2020

Der Beitrag hinterfragt die deutsche Rechtsprechung zu den sogenannten Erbensucherfällen vor dem Hintergrund des Rechtsprechungswandels in Österreich, indem er die ihr zugrundeliegende Interessenlage überprüft und dabei zu wesentlich abweichenden Ergebnissen gelangt. Eine übergreifende Perspektive zeigt, dass die bloße Beschränkung auf (Verbraucher-)Schutzargumente zu einem Kurzschluss führt, der die Realisierung gesetzlicher Zielvorstellungen hindert. Der Vergleich mit der österreichischen Rechtsprechung zeigt zudem auf, dass dogmatisch überzeugendere Lösungen der Erbensucherproblematik im Bereicherungsrecht zu finden sind. Die Problemlage wird durch die Heranziehung grenzüberschreitender Fälle klärend verschärft. Dabei wird beachtet, dass andere Lösungen auch zu einer Verschiebung der kollisionsrechtlichen Fragen führen können.
Über das Sein des Sollens – Die rechtlichen Gebilde in der Rechtsphänomenologie Adolf Reinachs
Authors: Lüttenberg Christoph J.
Published: June 2020

Die Entdeckung der rechtlichen Gebilde markiert den Höhepunkt im Wirken Adolf Reinachs (1883-1917), dem Begründer der rechtsphilosophischen Strömung der Rechtsphänomenologie. Anspruch, Verbindlichkeit, Versprechen und Eigentum haben ein vorpositives Sein, das universellen Gesetzmäßigkeiten unterliegt. Diese Gesetzmäßigkeiten werden mit der phänomenologischen Methode Reinachs sichtbar gemacht. An Kontur gewinnt der Begriff der rechtlichen Gebilde durch eine Gegenüberstellung mit den »Rechtskörpern« im Werk Rudolf von Jherings (1818-1892). Die hieraus gewonnenen Erkenntnisse bieten einen Orientierungsfaden in einer immer komplexer werdenden, rechtlichen Wirklichkeit, die auch die Rechtsvergleichung mit einschließt.
Regulierungsprinzip Effizienz
Authors: Fechner Simon
Published: June 2020

Telekommunikations- und Energienetze sind die Lebensadern moderner Gesellschaften und zukunftsgerichteter Volkswirtschaften. Da es sich bei diesen Netzen um natürliche Monopole handelt, müssen sie staatlich reguliert werden. Diese Regulierung ist inzwischen zwar rechtlich detailliert ausgestaltet, aber trotzdem mit ganz grundsätzlichen Fragen konfrontiert: Wie sind die Interessen von Netzbetreiber und Netznutzer abzuwägen? Wie weit darf eine Regulierungsbehörde in die Rechte des Netzbetreibers eingreifen? Wie sehr muss der Netzausbau gefördert und ermöglicht werden? Wie unabhängig darf eine Regulierungsbehörde sein?

Dieses Werk stellt dar, wie das Leitprinzip Effizienz aus der Ökonomie in das Recht übertragen werden kann und wie es hier – vor allem im Rückgriff auf das Verfassungsrecht – klare Antworten auf diese aktuellen regulatorischen Fragen bietet.
Die Funktionen der Marke im Wandel und die Auswirkungen auf den Verletzungstatbestand
Authors: Wagner Kristina
Published: June 2020

Eine Marke ist mehr als nur ein betrieblicher Herkunftshinweis: Angereichert mit einem bestimmten Markenimage, hat sich die Marke zu einem wirksamen Werbeträger entwickelt. Doch sind deshalb auch solche Sachverhalte dem Markenrecht zuzuordnen, wenn die Marke nur in dieser Eigenschaft betroffen ist?

Diese Arbeit untersucht, ob sich der funktionsorientierte Benutzungsbegriff und die Öffnung zugunsten der weiteren Markenfunktionen noch in das derzeitige Markenrecht einfügen. Hierbei wird u.a. erörtert, inwiefern die Herkunftsfunktion weiterhin als das die Eigenart der Marke konstitutiv bestimmende Merkmal im Markenrecht verankert ist. Alternativ könnten Zeichenverwendungen jenseits der Herkunftsfunktion über das Wettbewerbsrecht erfasst werden.
Coping Strategies-Oriented Interventions in Breast Cancer Women: A Systematic Scoping Review of the Quantitative Evidence
Authors: Samami Elahe , Elyasi Forouzan , Mousavi Nasab Noraddin , Shojaee Leila , Zaboli Ehsan , Shahhosseini Zohreh
Published: June 2020

Context: Coping strategies can predict breast cancer patients’ emotional well-being. Objectives: The aim of this systematic scoping review was to investigate the effect of coping strategies-oriented interventions on coping skills in breast cancer women. Data Sources: A systematic scoping review was conducted using a broad search across PubMed, Scopus, Springer, Elsevier, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Web of Science, Magiran, Scientific Information Database, and Google scholar from 2009 - 2018. Study Selection: Clinical or quasi-experimental trials using interventions and control groups on the coping strategies-oriented interventions in breast cancer women in English or Persian were included. Data Extraction: Two independent researchers selected the final papers. In the case of a disagreement, the third researcher made the final decision. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Jadad scale. Results: The coping strategies-oriented interventions were classified into four main categories: psychological interventions, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, mindfulness, coping therapy, self-management, and psychoeducation; spiritual-religious interventions; social interventions, such as family therapy; and complementary interventions, such as acupuncture. Most interventions improved the coping skills of the studied women. Based on the Jadad scale, only two studies had good quality. Conclusions: Considering that most interventions improved the coping skills of breast cancer women, it is suggested that healthcare providers be proficient in examination techniques that maximize the patient’s coping skills. However, there remains a need for further culture-based research to adopt the best interventions and make changes in policy.
A Systemic Reading of Whitehead's Organic Philosophy
Authors: Weber Michel ,   The Center for Process Studies
Published: June 2020

The aim of this article is to explore the importance of biological and social networks in Whitehead's philosophy. This exploration will involve a consideration of pluridisciplinarity in Whitehead, including a consideration of the relationship between scientific understanding and philosophical thinking, the question of method in Whitehead's thought, and the crucial distinctions between mechanism and organicism and between nature lifeless and nature alive.
Inadvisable Concession: Kant’s Critique of the Political Philosophy
of Christian Garve
Authors: Zilber Andrey S.
Published: June 2020

The starting point of my study is Kant’s remark to the effect that Garve in his treatise on the connection between morality and politics presents arguments in defence of unjust principles. Recognition of these principles is, according to Kant, an inadvisable concession to those who are inclined to abuse it. I interpret this judgement by making a detailed comparison of the texts of the two treatises. I demonstrate that Garve’s work is an eclectic attempt to combine in one concept the lessons of historical experience with the ideas drawn from British empiricism and German rationalism. These ideas were criticised by Kant in his “critical” period. There is a consensus among researchers that Garve condoned the expansionist policy of Frederick II of Prussia, totally denied that legality in international relations was possible and in general deserved the reputation of an (ultra-)conservative. From that point of view the key values for Garve were the security and well-being of the state. I offer an alternative interpretation of Garve’s position because I believe that the value of political stability plays an important role in it. Such an interpretation makes it possible to treat Garve’s narrative as it was assessed by Kant, i.e. as a concession to the common principles of political practice as a result of a failure to find the guiding theory. My study has established that the role of Garve’s work in the writing of Kant’s treatise Toward Perpetual Peace was more significant than Kant’s own words suggest. Besides, I show that it was under Garve’s influence that Kant turned to the problem of excessive complexity of the principles involved in the search for concrete political decisions. Garve obviously laments this complexity and yet makes these principles still more complex. Kant offers a simpler solution of the problem on the basis of his theory of morals and right.
Virtual Reality as a Tool for Student Orientation in Distance Education Programs
Authors: Valenti Sandra , Lund Brady , Wang Ting
Published: June 2020

Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a popular technology for gaming and learning, with its uses for teaching presently being investigated in a variety of educational settings. However, one area where the effect of this technology on students has not been examined in detail is as tool for new student orientation in colleges and universities. This study investigates this effect using an experimental methodology and the population of new master of library science (MLS) students entering a library and information science (LIS) program. The results indicate that students who received a VR orientation expressed more optimistic views about the technology, saw greater improvement in scores on an assessment of knowledge about their program and chosen profession, and saw a small decrease in program anxiety compared to those who received the same information as standard text-and-links. The majority of students also indicated a willingness to use VR technology for learning for long periods of time (25 minutes or more). The researchers concluded that VR may be a useful tool for increasing student engagement, as described by Game Engagement Theory.
Introduktion
Authors: Guassora Ann Dorrit , Reventlow Susanne , Sodemann Morten , Merrild Camilla Hoffmann
Published: June 2020

Introduktionen til nummeret Multisygdom
Not all planar graphs are in PURE-4-DIR
Authors: Gonçalves Daniel
Published: June 2020

We prove that some planar graphs are not intersection graphs of
segments if only four slopes are allowed for the segments, and if
parallel segments do not intersect. This refutes a conjecture of
D. West [D. West, SIAM J. Discrete Math. Newsletter, 1991].
Bienes y espacios de privanza en el castillo y palacio del duque de Lerma en Dénia
Authors: Campos-Perales Àngel
Published: June 2020

Francisco Gómez de Sandoval y Rojas (1553-1625), V marqués de Dénia y I duque de Lerma, emprendió una importante transformación de su palacio valenciano de Dénia desde no mucho antes de 1611 y hasta los comienzos de los años 20 del siglo XVII. Las reformas constructivas y las labores de equipamiento de la casa, que se intensificaron entre 1616 y 1618, estuvieron destinadas a dar alojamiento digno al rey Felipe III en la frustrada visita real a Dénia para la celebración de Cortes del Reino de València. Así, a partir de una vista desconocida de Dénia y documentación de archivo inédita pretendemos redefinir las cronologías de unas arquitecturas prácticamente desaparecidas y poco estudiadas, reconstruir los espacios que las conformaban y determinar la sistematización de bienes que se custodiaron en su interior y exterior.
Arquitectura para dos carismas distintos en el Bajo Aragón turolense en el Seiscientos: el convento carmelita de Alcañiz y el descalzo del Desierto de Calanda
Authors: Martín Marco Jorge
Published: June 2020

En el Bajo Aragón turolense se asentaron un gran número de órdenes religiosas en las primeras décadas del Seiscientos, y entre ellas, los carmelitas, que llegaron a Alcañiz en 1602; o los descalzos, que se establecieron en el convento del desierto de Calanda en la década de los ochenta de ese siglo. Sin embargo, las diferencias entre ambos establecimientos son evidentes, ya que fueron concebidos tanto espiritual como arquitectónicamente diferentes uno de otro debido a las funciones que debían cumplir. El caso alcañizano es una de las muestras más destacadas de la arquitectura bajoaragonesa del barroco, mientras que el calandino es un buen ejemplo de desierto carmelita, cuyas trazas probablemente fueron realizadas por artífices de la orden.
Abstract
A great number of religious orders settled in the Bajo Aragón in Teruel in the first decades of the 17th century, among them the Carmelites that arrived in Alcañiz in 1602; or the Discalced, that settled in the convent of the desert of Calanda in the decade of the 80s of that century. However, the differences between both establishments are evident, since they were conceived differently both spiritually and architecturally due to the different function that they had to fulfil. In the case of Alcañiz, it is one of the most prominent samples of the architecture of the Bajo Aragón in the Baroque period, while in Calanda's case, it is a good example of Carmelite desert, the design of which were probably made by authors of the order. 
Key words
Baroque architecture, Carmelitas, traces, Bajo Aragón, Alcañiz, Calanda.
Pupil-linked phasic arousal predicts a reduction of choice bias across species and decision domains
Authors: de Gee Jan Willem , Tsetsos Konstantinos , Schwabe Lars , Urai Anne E , McCormick David , McGinley Matthew J , Donner Tobias H
Published: June 2020

Decisions are often made by accumulating ambiguous evidence over time. The brain’s arousal systems are activated during such decisions. In previous work in humans, we found that evoked responses of arousal systems during decisions are reported by rapid dilations of the pupil and track a suppression of biases in the accumulation of decision-relevant evidence (de Gee et al., 2017). Here, we show that this arousal-related suppression in decision bias acts on both conservative and liberal biases, and generalizes from humans to mice, and from perceptual to memory-based decisions. In challenging sound-detection tasks, the impact of spontaneous or experimentally induced choice biases was reduced under high phasic arousal. Similar bias suppression occurred when evidence was drawn from memory. All of these behavioral effects were explained by reduced evidence accumulation biases. Our results point to a general principle of interplay between phasic arousal and decision-making.
Magnetic alignment enhances homing efficiency of hunting dogs
Authors: Benediktová Kateřina , Adámková Jana , Svoboda Jan , Painter Michael Scott , Bartoš Luděk , Nováková Petra , Vynikalová Lucie , Hart Vlastimil , Phillips John , Burda Hynek
Published: June 2020

Despite anecdotal reports of the astonishing homing abilities in dogs, their homing strategies are not fully understood. We equipped 27 hunting dogs with GPS collars and action cams, let them freely roam in forested areas, and analyzed components of homing in over 600 trials. When returning to the owner (homewards), dogs either followed their outbound track (‘tracking’) or used a novel route (‘scouting’). The inbound track during scouting started mostly with a short (about 20 m) run along the north-south geomagnetic axis, irrespective of the actual direction homewards. Performing such a ‘compass run’ significantly increased homing efficiency. We propose that this run is instrumental for bringing the mental map into register with the magnetic compass and to establish the heading of the animal.
MxB sensitivity of HIV-1 is determined by a highly variable and dynamic capsid surface
Authors: Miles Richard J , Kerridge Claire , Hilditch Laura , Monit Christopher , Jacques David A , Towers Greg J
Published: June 2020

The type one interferon induced restriction factor Myxovirus resistance B (MxB) restricts HIV-1 nuclear entry evidenced by inhibition of 2-LTR but not linear forms of viral DNA. The HIV-1 capsid is the key determinant of MxB sensitivity and cofactor binding defective HIV-1 capsid mutants P90A (defective for cyclophilin A and Nup358 recruitment) and N74D (defective for CPSF6 recruitment) have reduced dependency on nuclear transport associated cofactors, altered integration targeting preferences and are not restricted by MxB expression. This has suggested that nuclear import mechanism may determine MxB sensitivity. Here we have use genetics to separate HIV-1 nuclear import cofactor dependence from MxB sensitivity. We provide evidence that MxB sensitivity depends on HIV-1 capsid conformation, rather than cofactor recruitment. We show that depleting CPSF6 to change nuclear import pathway does not impact MxB sensitivity, but mutants that recapitulate the effect of Cyclophilin A binding on capsid conformation and dynamics strongly impact MxB sensitivity. We demonstrate that HIV-1 primary isolates have different MxB sensitivities due to cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) selected differences in Gag sequence but similar cofactor dependencies. Overall our work demonstrates a complex relationship between cyclophilin dependence and MxB sensitivity likely driven by CTL escape. We propose that cyclophilin binding provides conformational flexibility to HIV-1 capsid facilitating simultaneous evasion of capsid-targeting restriction factors including TRIM5 as well as MxB.