bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Stress Sensitivity in Microfracture Ultra-Low Permeability Reservoir
Authors: Zhang Hai Yong , He Shun Li , Luan Guo Hua , Mo Shao Yuan , Lv Zhi Kai , Lei Gang
Published: September 2013

The stress-dependent permeability of ultra-low permeability rocks has a significant impact on the seepage. A number of experimental studies on the variation of permeability with stress change in low permeability reservoir have been done, but few are involved in ultra-low permeability cores.
In this study, first, we fabricated the shear-stress microfracture cores and then the stress sensitive experiments were conducted. Second, a fracture deformation model was introduced in order to depict the stress sensitivity features of fracture media theoretically. Finally, a comparison of the theoretical curves with the experimental data had been done.
The results show that the fabricated microfracture cores can be used in the permeability stress sensitive experiments. The permeability stress sensitive hysteresis of the microfracture cores is not obvious and the recovery degree of stress sensitive hysteresis is high in the unloading cycle for the grains were compacted in the process of shearing. The theoretical curves have the desired behavior which is consistent with the experimental data well. It indicates that the method of fabricating microfractures can similarly reveal the stress sensitivity features of the real microfracture ultralow permeability reservoir. This study do great benefit to reveal the stress sensitivity features of ultra-low permeability reservoir.
Research of Rod Pump Load Reducing Technology on Deep Wells
Authors: Cen Xue Qi , Wu Xiao Dong , Lei Gang , Ma Shu Qin
Published: September 2013

As the sucker-rod pump placement depth increases, the load at the polished rod rises as well. Meanwhile, high load at the polished rod limits further increase of pump placement depth. This paper mainly analyses polished rod load on pumping system units and describes several methods to reduce beam pump load that are used in deep wells. On the basis of theoretical analyzing of three load reducing technologies such as application of compound fiberglass sucker rods, linear electric motors and rod load reducer, it was determined that using compound fiberglass rods in real practical cases shows obviously higher efficiency than other two. linear electric motors technology has advantages of being used in deep wells as well. Moreover rod load reducer shows good performance in deep wells, but because it does not possess energy conservation characteristic it may be uneconomic and less effective during production.
Seismic Response Analysis of the Tank by Base Isolation
Authors: Yu Yang , Wang Lei , Zhang Yun Feng
Published: September 2013

The storage tank plays a more and more important role in economic construction and the development. It always stores inflammable, explosive medium. The consequences are very serious, when the earthquake disaster occurs. In this paper, we build models of model tank and 20,000 m3 tanks with the finite element method, and analyze their seismic response between the former structure and the isolatied structure. We wish that the research can provide fundamental data for the similar studies.
Permanence of a Predator-Prey System with Beddington-DeAngelis Functional Response
Authors: Wu Ting
Published: September 2013

In this paper, a Impulsive predator-prey system with Beddington-DeAngelis functional response is studied. By applying the comparison theorem of impulsive, sufficient conditions for the permanence of the system are obtained.
Isolation of Hydrogen-Producing Bacteria Suitable for Immobilization from Anaerobic Sludge
Authors: Nomura Toshiyuki , Asano Hideaki , Takayama Toshiyuki , Naimen Azusa , Tokumoto Hayato , Konishi Yasuhiro
Published: September 2013

Highly efficient hydrogen-producing anaerobic microflora was enriched from anaerobic sludge obtained from a methane fermentation plant, with soluble starch as substrate. The effect of culture medium pH on hydrogen production capacity and microbial community was investigated using a batch reactor equipped with a pH controller. The optimal pH was 5.0, the hydrogen yield was 2.59 mol/mol-glucose, and the maximum hydrogen production rate was 123 mL/L-culture/h. Partial 16S rDNA sequencing placed the isolated strain within the Clostridiaceae family. When the isolated strain adhered to polymer resin, the change in free energy of interaction was negative, indicating that the bacteria-resin interaction is thermodynamically favorable, and that the strain will readily immobilize on the resin.
Study on the Role of LEDs in Vegetable Growing in Xingtai Area
Authors: Chen Pei Ying , Hu Hong Lin , Liang Li Juan , Li Zheng , Li Shu Xue
Published: September 2013

The light emitting diodes (LEDs) whose wavelength is ideal for plant growth, flowering, fruition. The optical signal carrying frequency information and energy information, the result of the interaction of the light signal with plant phytochrome and cryptochrome proteins promote the plant growth effect, with blue light energy to promote green leafy growth; red light to help fruition and to extend flowering period. Plant supplementary light is an international leading high-precision technology product in the use of semiconductor lighting principle, dedicated to the production of flowers and vegetables, with the desired spectrum of light that is suitable for plants, with red and blue LED light irradiation, which can not only promote their growth, increase production, but also change the structure of their nutrition, reduce pests and diseases, and reduce the utilization of agricultural chemical products, improve food security, reduce environmental pollution, and improve the quality of crops in Xingtai area.
Generation Resource Planning Optimization Model under Emission Constraint
Authors: Lei Sun , Tan Zhong Fu , Ju Li Wei , Yin He , Chen Zhi Hong
Published: September 2013

As a large energy consumption and pollutants emission department, power industry energy saving and emission reduction is of great significance for the community's overall energy consumption and pollutants emission control. As the main energy saving measures of the power industry, optimize the structure of power based on grid-connected renewable energy. Therefore, this article is based on energy distribution in China, considering load, electricity, resources, environmental pollution and the unit served, target is the total system power generation installed capacity and pollutant emissions at minimum costs, to construct generation resource planning optimization model under emission constraint, install generation capacity costs, running costs and the cost of pollutant emissions will be take into account, in order to make reasonable recommendations on power resource planning in China.
Analysis on the Driving Force of China's Rural Land Circulation
Authors: Zhang Hai Xia , Xu Yue Ming , Dong Mei Shi
Published: September 2013

The circulation of rural land in China's agriculture and rural development to a certain stage of the product, an effective improvement of the rural land system in the implementation of the present the household contract responsibility system on the basis of, is the realization of Urbanization, the breakthrough and the key of agricultural modernizatio. Economic driving force is the main reason of the circulation of agricultural land, policies and regulations and institutional change, labour force transfer, agricultural product price. The degree of Agricultural Mechanization, the degree of Agricultural Mechanization, comprehensive function of social culture, to promote the circulation of farmland. This paper uses the method of regression analysis, cause analysis of rural land circulation in China, in order to explore long-term mechanism of agricultural land transfer.
Harmonious Development of Urbalization and Water Environment - A Case Study of Wuhan City, China
Authors: Hu Liu
Published: September 2013

With the high speed development of China's economy and urbanization, the conflict between water environment and urban construction is highlighted. on the basis of investigation and analysis of current situation of urbanization and water environment, this paper discusses the impact of urbanization on water environment, and put forward the corresponding measures of harmonious development of urbanization and water environment in wuhan city.
A Survey of External Feature of Solar Cells in Partially Shading
Authors: Zhou Xue Song , Shen Xue Bo , Ma You Jie
Published: September 2013

Existing model of solar cells is not suitable for partial shading condition, which makes output current-voltage (I-V) curve of photovoltaic (PV) array staid-stepping. Furthermore, Power-Voltage (P-V) characteristics may exist more than two local peak value in partially shading which bring interferences to maximum power point tracking (MPPT). Based on modified engineering model of solar cells, an accurate model of array was proposed considering variation of shadows. And the I-V characteristic, P-V characteristic and yield of PV modules were analyzed. At last, the optimum output power with different shadows arrangement was discussed.
The Amorphous/Crystalline Silicon Interface Research of HIT Solar Cells by Simulation
Authors: Li Hao , Zeng Xiang Bo , Xie Xiao Bing , Yang Ping , Li Jing Yan , Zhang Xiao Dong , Wang Qi Ming
Published: September 2013

In this paper, we have focused on the influence of interface state density and band offsets on the performance of HIT solar cells by simulation. The interface state density Dithave negative influence on the open-circuit voltage VOC, fill factor FF and the short circuit current JSC, beyond different Ditrespectively. VOCdecreases monotonically with increasing Ditonly when Ditis greater than 1010cm-2, and for FF and JSCDitis 1012cm-2, 1013cm-2, respectively. Observed reduction in VOC(Ditis from 1×1010cm-2to 5×1013cm-2) may be due to the enhanced recombination possibility, which diminishes the difference in quasi Fermi energies from 0.8 eV to 0.46 eV. Reduction of JSC(Ditis from 1×1013cm-2to 5×1013cm-2) is connected with the carrier recombination rate that is heightened from 2.43×1024cm-3/s to 3.1×1026cm-3/s, which is markedly by two orders of magnitude. In addition, our research results demonstrate that by increasing the conduction band offset EC(from 0.09eV to 0.15 eV), the VOCcould be increased by 15.9 mV, while the performance of HIT solar cells is not affected by the valence band offset EV. The increase of ECresults in the rising of Vbiand thus improves VOC. It is worth mention that, the recombination potential VRecould be decreased from 232 meV to 208 meV by the increase of EC(from 0.09eV to 0.15eV) and thus is favorable to VOC. Consequently, when the interface state density is less than 1010cm-2and the conduction band offset reaches 0.15eV, we can optimize the performance of HIT solar cells to achieve 24.95% efficiency.
The Research of Two Staged Non-Isolated Photovoltaic Grid Connected Inverter Control Method
Authors: Guo Jia , Li Zhi Gang , Cheng Ya Ping , Cui Chun Yan
Published: September 2013

Grid-connected inverter topologies and control methods are analyzed and compared on the basis of two non-isolated PV grid-connected inverter circuit topology as 3kVA grid connected PV systems. In this paper, the current control method, the DC bus voltage outer grid current inner loop of the dual closed-loop PI control method. Sampled signal through the system circuit for processing, resulting in a SPWM drive signal to control the conduction of the power devices off the grid current control.
Experimental Studies of Emissions in a CI Engine Blended with Refined Palmolein Oil
Authors: Hemanandh J. , Narayanan K.V.
Published: September 2013

In this study, the emissions from Kirloskar Direct Injection 4-stroke Diesel engine, single cylinder air-cooled, 4.4 kW, constant speed at 1500 rpm, compression ratio 17.5:1, with different blends of diesel and Refined Palmolein oil has been analyzed. Methyl Esters of refined Palmolein was transesterified with animal fat before blending with diesel. The main objective of this study is to measure the CO, HC, NOx, Smoke Emissions by varying the Injection pressure and the load. The experiments were conducted with various blends of Refined Palmolein oil and diesel (10%+90% PD, 30%+ 70% PD, and 40%+ 60% PD) at different pressures (180 bar, 210 bar, & 240 bar) and at different loads (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%). A 3-hole nozzle was used to inject the fuel. The emissions results were studied using AVL gas analyzer. The results show that there is a decrease in HC and CO and also marginal increase in NOx with exhaust temperature
Internet of Things Sensor Node Information Scheduling Model and Energy Saving Strategy
Authors: Liu Gui Xiong , Xu Jian Long , Hong Xiao Bin
Published: September 2013

According to energy constraint problem of wireless sensor node in the Internet of Things (IoT) perception layer, this paper proposed sensor information scheduling model based on mixed logical dynamic (MLD) model and energy saving strategy. First, the amount of transmission data control and the energy consumption of wireless communication control were modeled by MLD mode. Secondly, under MLD model, the sensor node communication scheduler was designed, and reliable scheduling strategy and rules were established for sensor node in different scene, which can adopt different strategy according to the change of scene. Finally, the simulation results show that the sensor node information scheduling model and energy saving strategy can reduce the sensor node data traffic and save more than 50% energy consumption, and the overall data error is 0.018. So it can save the energy consumption of sensor node and guarantee data precision.
Study on Computational Methods for the Refractory Belt Area of Coal Fired Boilers
Authors: Wang Ding Hui , Yang Bin , Zhong Ya Feng , Sun Bao Min , Xin Jing , Chen Xiao Meng
Published: September 2013

The worse coal quality cause low center flame temperature in furnace, low combustion stability, high carbon content in fly ash and slag. The refractory belt installed in primary combustion zone can reduce the heat absorption capacity of water wall and improve the average temperature to steady ignition and high efficient combustion. For conforming the area of refractory belt better, the equation was founded by thermal computational methods and analyzing the different influence to the area of refractory belt.
Comparison Experimental Study on Apparent Porosity of Brake Linings for Car Based on Water Granulating Technology
Authors: Wang Zhen Yu , Wang Tie Shan , Song Li
Published: September 2013

In this paper, the contrast test has been done on the brake linings that have been made by water granulating technology. As a result, by contrast with the brake linings that have been done at the same material and producing technology, it was preliminary demonstrated that the apparent porosity of the brake linings that have been made by the granulating technology could be enhanced greatly, so on the hot-pressing process, products exhausting has been easy, the die cavity volume could be decreased, the hot-pressing time could been shorten, the production efficiency could be enhanced, the natural frequency of the braking lining could be reduced, the possibility of the braking noise could be decreased.
Numerical Simulation of Upset-Bending Forging for Heavy Crankshaft
Authors: Zhang Chun Li , Cui Zhen Shan , Sui Da Shan
Published: September 2013

Based on the finite element numerical simulation technology, taking marine crankshaft 305 as an example, the upset-bending forging simulation and comparative analysis for heavy crankshaft were done, which will be an important reference for the production practice. Results indicate that processing with bar-stock as the blank will be better than that with stepped shafts in case of forming quality and volume of raw material, but requires larger forming force.
Experimental Study on Powder Suppression Characteristics of Autoclaved Brick
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhang Yan Yan , Zhu Fan
Published: September 2013

The curves of cylinder displacement and pressure can be obtained through the wall brick press autoclaved brick experiment, which can determine the powder compaction equation, including suppression, friction and the characteristics of stripping, modify Kawakita equation, and improve the calculation precision, get the product of the coefficient of friction and lateral pressure and its variation law with compression rate; .in order to provide the basis for the design of pressure machine and mould and optimization of pressing technology
Experimental Analysis on the Lubrication Performance Decay of the Using Internal Combustion Engine Oil
Authors: Qiu Jun Wei , Wang Hai Lin , Tang Tao , Hou Jun Wei , Fu Tao , Li Fu Xiang
Published: September 2013

In this paper, using Nissan car engine oil as the research object, their main physical and chemical performances and three factors of oil carrying capacity such as the maximum non-seizure load PB, sintering load PD and the composite wear value ZMZ are experimental analyzed in different mileage. And decay law of the lubrication performances are discussed. It was found that, after used a certain time, the oils film strength reduced relatively fast, the limit ability to work reduced not obvious, and its anti-extrusion capability will gradually deteriorate with the increase in the running time.
Laboratory Experiment Research and Field Tests on Catalyst of Aquathermolysis of Heavy Oils
Authors: Dong Long , Liu Yong Jian , Xu Ke Ming , Zhao Fa Jun , Liu Wei Wei , Kong Xiang Wei
Published: September 2013

Aquathermolysis reaction of heavy oils occurring in high temperature water environment significantly degrades the heavy components of heavy oils, improves oil quality and reduces its viscosity. Aerosol, oil-soluble, and water-soluble nickel catalysts obviously and effectively catalyze the aquathermolysis reaction of heavy oils in a high temperature and reduces its viscosity, producing a gas increase of 49%, 41% and 21% respectively compared with the result with the absence of any catalyst. An aerosol, oil-soluble and water-soluble nickel catalyst compound (best quality ratio 1:1:2) increases the oil recovery of heavy oils by 8.5% and decreases the viscosity of sample oil and average relative molecular mass of porous media by 89.6% and 23% respectively, with its resin and asphaltene content significantly reduced. The pilot field tests show that, the test cycle production of heavy oils of each well proves an increase of 81.2 ~ 226.1t (not considering the cycle decline rate) over the previous one, which means that the field tests coincide with the laboratory experiments.
Regulation and Homologous Expression of PNA in Panax ginseng by RNAI
Authors: Jin Shi Kun , Zhao Shou Jing
Published: September 2013

Panax ginseng (C.A.Meyer), belonging to Araliaceae family Panax category, has important commercial value and are used in worldwide. Ginsenosides, the major bioactive ingredients of P. ginseng, are classified into two groups by the skeleton of aglycones, namely dammarane-type and oleanane-type. Dammarane-type ginsenosides dominate over oleanane-type not only in amount but also in structural varieties. Here, we cloned and identified the Dammarenediol-II synthase gene named PNA encoding encoding enzymes catalyzed 2,3-oxidosqualene to dammarendediol-II by RT-PCT.we established PNA RNAi transgenic. The RT-PCT and HPLC analysis of the final products of protopanaxadiol-type and protopanaxatrio-type ginsenosides showed a result that declined level of protopanaxadiol-type and protoanaxatriol-type ginsenosides, and increased phytosterol content.
Recent Advances in Study of Ginsenoside Biosynthetic Pathway in Panax ginseng
Authors: Jin Shi Kun , Zhao Shou Jing
Published: September 2013

Ginsenosides, the major bioactive ingredients of P. ginseng can improve the anti-disease abilities of human being, and generate significant social and economic benefits. However, along with gradually or rapidly or dramatically increasing demand of the ginsenosides, extensive studies have focused on regulating the ginsenoside biosynthetic pathway on a genetic level. This review provides the latest research progress on biosynthetic pathway of ginsenosides, including the mevalonate (MVA) and the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway, which is newly discovered and located in P. ginseng. Moreover, it also indicated lanosterol synthase metabolic flux present in P. ginseng.
Influence of Direct Lamellarizing and Tempering on Microstructure and Properties of F550 Ship Plate Steel
Authors: Li Xiao Lin , Cai Qing Wu , Yu Wei
Published: September 2013

The effects of quenching at 820 °C 850 °C 940 °C and tempering at 600 °C on microstructure and properties of F550 ship plate steel were studied by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and other experimental methods. The results show that the highest value of the impact energy at-80 °C is 240 J when the steel is quenched at 850 °C and tempered at 600 °C. A full graumber of martensite-austenite (M-A) constituents which distribute in the shape of point-liner or gather among the grains, is larger compared with lamellarizing and tempering. Although the strength of the steel is higher, the value of the impact energy at-80 °C is lower and unstable. After intercritical quenching, the presence of minor ferrite and austenite grains refined could also be helpful to improve the low temperature toughness. Because polygonal ferrite (QF) is small and distributes uniformly between bainitic ferrite lathes acting as beneficial barriers to cleavage crack propagation.
The Tribological Properties of Mg Alloy Produced by ECAE and Laser Melting
Authors: Gao Lei Lei , Zhang Jin Zhong
Published: September 2013

A new processing procedure was applied to an Mg alloy. This procedure involves the equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) process and laser melting surface treatment. A commercial Mg alloy was first produced by equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) process. Then the laser melting surfave treatment was carried out after ECAE. The effects of ECAE and laser melting on tribological properties of the alloy were investigated. Experimental results showed that the mechanical properties and tribological properties of the alloy were improved after ECAE. The laser melting surface treatment can further improve the tribological properties of Mg alloy.
Effect of Ce(SO4)2 Additive on Coating Formed by Micro-Arc Oxidation Process on Casting Aluminum-Copper Alloy
Authors: Wu De Feng , Zhang Xiao Yan , Lei Yuan Yuan , Zhou Xiao Song
Published: September 2013

Ceramic coatings were fabricated on casting aluminum-copper alloy through micro-arc oxidation by mixing Ce(SO4)2 into the silicate electrolyte. The effects of Ce(SO4)2 additive on the ceramic coatings were analyzed by means of SEM, EDX, XRD, hardness and corrosion tests. The results show that Ce(SO4)2 effectively promoted the reaction of the MAO coating surface, increased the thickness and hardness of the coating and enhanced the corrosion-resisting property. The optimal addition amount of Ce(SO4)2 in the electrolyte is 0.2g/L.
The Minimum Representative Volume Element Size for Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Particle Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Zhang X.X. , Xiao B.L. , Ma Z.Y.
Published: September 2013

A 3D realistic microstructure based computational homogenization model is proposed, in order to determine the temperature dependent effective coefficient of thermal expansion of particle reinforced metal matrix composites The model employed three-dimensional realistic microstructures with different domain sizes, where particles had random shape, sharp edges and were randomly distributed. The unit cell microstructure based model and classical analytical models were also presented for comparison. As an illustration of the model, a 17% vol. SiCpreinforced 2124Al composite was investigated. Its minimum RVE size is found to beδ= 15, whereδis called the size ratio and defined by the ratio between the side length of microstructure and the mean particle radius.
Analysis and Countermeasure for the GAP Abnormal Phenomenon of 500kV Fixed Series Compensation System Caused by Fiber Attenuation
Authors: Wang Zhong Jie , Dong Yong Rui , Du Xin
Published: September 2013

In this paper, the abnormal phenomenon of fixed series compensation GAP is discussed. The main reason, too large attenuation of the fiber communication between the GAP trigger equipment and control protection screen input plate is analyzed. The improved measurement to the fixed series compensation system operation and design is proposed.
Enhanced UV Photo-Stabilization of PBO Fibers via Sol-Gel Surface Modification
Authors: Wang Hu , Liu Ji Ping
Published: September 2013

PBO fiber is the most excellent high performance fiber. But it is a kind of photosensitive material and is prone to degrade under ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which results in the changes of the fiber mechanical properties, finally affects the using of the material. In present paper, Titanium tetrabutoxide was used as solgel precursor of a nanosized TiO2coating to improve the photostability of PBO fibers. The nanosized TiO2coating was characterized by XRD. The influence of the coating on UV-durability of PBO was investigated by an accelerated UV-ageing method. Results of mechanical measurement showed that after exposing to UV light for 160 h, the fibers without TiO2coating degraded sharply, 7.01% of strength and 11.42% of break extension only remained, whereas 45.61% of strength and 68.56% of break extension still remained for the TiO2coated fibers. SEM analysis showed no significant surface morphological change on the coated fibers after the exposure, while some latitudinal crack fractures appeared on the uncoated PBO fibers.
Preparation of Mesoporous Alumina Using Hexamethyl Disilylamine as Substitute Solvent
Authors: Cui Su Min , Ren Li Li , Cao Feng Chao
Published: September 2013

Mesoporous inorganic alumina with framework walls has been synthesized using a new and simple non-supercritical drying method. As a substitute solvent, hexamethyl disilylamine (HMDS) plays a definitive part for synthesis of the mesoporous alumina due to its special characters. The resulting alumina product shows high BET surface area, concentrated distribution of diameter and high porosity. The pore size distribution of alumina we prepared is concentrated around 11nm. Its structure still maintained stable and the BET surface area could reach up to 413.4593m2/g after being calcined at 800°C.
Effect of Formulation on Thermal Expansion Behavior of Bamboo/HDPE/PA6 Composites Using TMA
Authors: Huang Run Zhou , Xu Xin Wu , Zhou Cheng Jun , Zhang Yang , Wu Qing Lin
Published: September 2013

Bamboo/HDPE/PA6 composites have been discussed by systematically studying the effect of formulation on thermal expansion properties. PA6 filled HDPE seemed not significantly influence LTEC of HDPE/PA composites system when the PA loading level increased form 0 % to 20%. It was investigated that BF significantly reduced LTEC value compared with LTEC of HDPE/PA. The reduction of the LTEC appear in HDPE/bamboo composites was dependent on the matrix and filler. Coupling agent can make the LTEC of HDPE/bamboo composites reduced, but the reduction was larger than that of only filler.
Research on TZSI Control Method
Authors: Pan Lei , Sun He Xu , Fu Lan Fang , Liu Bin , Gao Ran , Wang Bei Bei
Published: September 2013

In transformer-Z-source inverters (TZSI), the impedance networks consist of a transformer and one capacitor. While maintaining the main features of traditional Z-source network, the new networks exhibit some unique advantages, such as the increased voltage gain and reduced voltage stress in the voltage-fed TZSI, when the turns ratio of the transformer windings is over 1. This paper contributes to the ac small signal modeling and analysis of TZSI in continuous conduction mode. The ac small signal model considers the dynamics introduced by network uniquely contained in TZSI. And a double loop control method which is impedance source network output dc voltage and current loop has been proposed to realize the control of TZSI. Results of simulations and experiments are used to validate the control method and show that this method is correct and feasible.
Scale Inhibition of the ESA / AMPS Copolymer with Magnetic Field or Electrostatic Field
Authors: Liu Zhan , Liu Zhen Fa , Wang Xin , Wu Yun Juan , Zhang Li Hui
Published: September 2013

The scale inhibition of the ESA/AMPS copolymer under the magnetic field or electrostatic field was researched by using static scale inhibition experiments. The result showed that there were synergistic scale inhibition effect between magnetic field and ESA/AMPS copolymer, and the electrostatic field and ESA/AMPS copolymer also had synergistic scale inhibition. The scale inhibition rate of both magnetic field and ESA/AMPS copolymer on CaCO3 increased by 12% as compared with that of ESA/AMPS copolymer alone. And the synergistic scale inhibition rate on Ca3(PO4)2 increased by 42.4% .The increased scale inhibition rate of the ESA / AMPS copolymer on CaCO3 with electrostatic field was 19%,and the scale inhibition rate on Ca3(PO4)2 could increace 73.3%.
Defect Recognition for Honeycomb Sandwich Composites Using Pulsed Thermography
Authors: Yan Huo , Li Hui Juan
Published: September 2013

Typical defects such as delamination and water/oil ingression existed in honeycomb composites during manufacturing and in-service period. The defects can reduce the performance of the composites significantly. The paper presented a nondestructive defect recognition method for honeycomb composites using pulsed thermography. In this study, based on analysis of the heat transfer in the object with two different medias, the relationship between the surface temperature and the thermal property of subsurface defects has been deduced; the surface temperature expression is put forward to consider the interaction of subsurface defects. In order to simulate the defects, CFRP sandwiched sample with different subsurface defects (debonding, water in the honeycomb core and oil in the honeycomb core) of the same volume inserted in the machined flat-bottom holes, the sample is heated with a short pulse of light, and the sample surface temperature is captured by infrared camera, and the data is processed to measure thermal diffusivity for the subsurface defects. The order of the measured thermal diffusivity is according with the theoretical value. The experiment results provide the feasibility of different defects recognition, and the influence factors are discussed.
Error Analysis for Metering Current Transformer with DC Bias
Authors: Yang Shi Hai , Zhang Ke Qi , Zhuang Zhong , Xu Min Rui , Cao Min Jian , Chen Ming Ming , Wang Zhong Dong , Zhou Gan
Published: September 2013

DC bias widely exists in power system. In order to analyze its influence on metering current transformer (MCT), a new digital simulation model based on Preisach theory is constructed firstly. Using this digital model, the ratio error and angle error of a running MCT are calculated under different levels of DC bias. Simulation results show that the current DC bias in power system has only little influence on the error of MCT.
CuO/CeO2 and CuO/PrO2-CeO2 Catalysts for Preferential Oxidation of CO
Authors: Zhao Zhi Jun , Wang Ruo Yu , Zhao Qian Long , Wang En Peng , Su Hai Quan , Zeng Shang Hong
Published: September 2013

The CuO/CeO2and CuO/PrO2-CeO2catalysts were prepared by the hydrothermal method, and characterized via XRD, SEM and N2adsorption-desorption techniques. The study shows that the BET surface area and pore volume of the CuO/PrO2-CeO2catalysts increase with the increase of praseodymium content. The CuO/CeO2catalyst presents higher catalytic activity in compare with the CuO/PrO2-CeO2catalysts although the addition of praseodymium promotes textural properties of the CuO/CeO2catalysts, and it proves that the interaction of CuO and CeO2has a crucial role in CO-PROX.
Effects of K in Mn2O3 on the Electrochemical Performances of Spinel Li1.06Mn2O4
Authors: Zou Xing , Peng Chun Lin
Published: September 2013

Spinel LiMn2O4 material is one of the lithium-ion battery cathodes. It is cheap, nontoxic, and safe in use. This cathode material, Li1.06Mn2O4 was synthesized by using solid state reaction and two different starting materials. One was the Mn2O3 made from the industrial manganese carbonate with different contents of potassium, and the other was the high-purity Mn2O3 into which the same amount of potassium in the form of K2CO3 was added to form the K-doped spinel Li1.06Mn2O4. These two kinds of LiMn2O4 materials were characterized by XRD, SEM and electrochemical performance analysis. The results showed that the initial discharge capacity of the former cathode materials decreased gradually and the cycle performance was improved with the amount of potassium increasing. The Li1.06Mn2O4 with a content of 192.2 μg.g-1 of potassium presented the optimized electrochemical performances, with an initial discharge capacity of 128.974mAh.g-1, and a capacity retention rate of 89.90% after 50 cycles. The initial discharge capacity of doped Li1.06Mn2O4 dropped rapidly with the doping amount increasing and the capacity retention rate was not as good as that of the Mn2O3 made from the industrial manganese carbonate with different contents of potassium.
Symmetrical Dynamic Expansion Issues of Mode III Interface Crack
Authors: Lu Nian Chun , Wang Fang , Shi Chen
Published: September 2013

By means of complex variable functions, symmetrical dynamic extension issues of mode III interface crack were researched. The problems considered can be very facilely transformed into Riemann-Hilbert problem by the approaches of self-similar functions, and the general expressions of analytical solutions of the stresses, displacements and dynamic stress intensity factors for the edges of symmetrical mode III interface crack subjected to motive variable loadingsPt4/x4andPx5/t4were attained, respectively. After those solutions were utilized by superposition theorem, the solutions of arbitrary complex problems could be acquired.
A Review of the Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Heave Plates
Authors: Liu Ji Bin , Liu Yan Jun , Li Yu
Published: September 2013

Heave plates can increase the added mass and viscous damping of marine structures. It's a more economical way to improve the stability of the marine structures' heave movement by adding heave plates compared to other methods. Many scholars have studied on the influencing factors of theirs properties. This paper describes the findings of each factor, and the results are compared. Some experimental results have still not been explained, so it is needed to continue to study heave plates.
Memory Devices Based on the Nanoparticle Silicon Floating Gate Double-Barrier Structure
Authors: Guo Zhao Jun , Guo Li Qiang , Wu Guo Dong
Published: September 2013

Thin film transistors with nanoparticles silicon floating-gate are fabricated by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. It should be noted that SiO2acts as both a tunneling and a blocking layer. Meanwhile, some np-Si dots are embedded within SiO2layers. The electrical characteristic of the devices are measured by semiconductor parameter analyzer at room temperature. These Thin film transistors show a good device performance with a high charge-carrier mobility of 33 cm2/vs and a large on/off ratio of 1.2×106. Moreover, the capability of written and erasing was demonstrated. This indicates that thin film transistors can be operated as rewritable nonvolatile floating gate memory devices.
Self-Assembled Low-Power In-Plane-Gate Transparent Oxide-Based Thin Film Transistors Gated by Atomic-Layer-Deposited Al2O3
Authors: Wu Guo Dong , Zhang Hong Liang , Guo Zhao Jun
Published: September 2013

We report the application of one-shadow-mask self-assembled method for fabricating low-voltage transparent oxide-based thin film transistors (TFTs) gated by atomic-layer-deposited Al2O3with in-plane-gate configuration. These in-plane-gate TFTs exhibit a good device performance with a small subthreshold swing (300 mV/decade), a large on/off ratio (106), and a low operation voltage (5V). The leakage current for in-plane-gate TFT is actually significantly lower, compared with TFT with bottom-gate configuration. This work has provided a good route for fabricating low-power transparent electronics using simple processing method.
TiO2 Nanotube Arrays Fabricated by Anodization
Authors: Yang Shi Qing , Xu Bai , Liang Tao Hua , Meng Yi Feng , Yang Qing Xue , Tang Ming Jun
Published: September 2013

TiO2 nanotube arrays were fabricated through anodization in the glycol electrolyte system. The new composite structures of the bottom nanotube and the upper nanowire with a length of 15 um to 20 um were prepared. The influence of the water contents in the electrolyte with respect to the composite structure was studied through two-step anodization. The results show that the composite structure can be obtained based on the moderate etching rate of the electrolyte and the selective etching of the nanotube when the glycol system electrolyte contains 0.4wt% NH4F and 2 vol% H2O.
Lake Sediment Microbial Fuel Cell Generate Electricity and Power Wireless Sensor
Authors: Yin Tao , Cai Xiao Min , Su Lin , Wang Ling , Rong Fei , Yuan Chun Wei , Fu De Gang
Published: September 2013

Sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) can generate electricity without maintenance in the field. SMFC is considered as an alternative renewable and sustainable power source. Though the SMFC is very appealing energy source, it presents certain challenges for real applications. Its output voltage and current are very low and its output voltage cant be increased by stacking several SMFCs in series in an open water body such as the lake. In this research, we construct and simulate a field SMFC with sediment from Xuanwu Lake in Nanjing, China. Open-circuit voltage of the SMFC is 750 mV and the maximal power density is 7.8 mW/m2. A custom-designed power management system (PMS) is developed to harvest energy from SMFC and boost the output power that can drive a wireless sensor. With the PMS, wireless sensor can utilize the harvested energy from SMFC and transmit data to computer without additional power source.
Field Study on Remediation of PAHs Contaminated Soil by Ex Situ Technologies at a Coking Site
Authors: Xia Tian Xiang , Yao Jue Jun , Zhong Mao Sheng , Jia Xiao Yang
Published: September 2013

Decontamination level and residual amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated by ex-situ remediation technologies including biopile, soil washing and thermal desorption in a field level. After the remediation, 16 USEPA priority PAHs were decontaminated from 99.3% to 99.9% for thermal desorption, from 17.9% to 82.1% for biopile and from-27.6% to 84.3% for soil washing. Residual PAHs amount in soils by thermal desorption was below the local soil screening level, differently from that by biopile and soil washing. Especially for high molecular weight PAHs, i.e. 5-6 rings PAHs, residual amount exceeded over the screening lever 4 to 197 times for biopile and 17 to 421 times for soil washing. Additional factors, such as cost, time, operation and maintainance etc. for remedial technology selection and contaminant bioavailability in soil matrix for remediation target values, were proposed to be paid more attention for specific contaminated sites.
The Application of GIS to the Study of Historical Geography: a Case Study of China T'ang ‘FanZhen’ Period
Authors: Yang Jing , Chen Jian Feng
Published: September 2013

This paper sets out to explore the potential of GIS in the area of historical geography studies in particular. In essence we focus on the concept that time studies have a spatial dimension that can be highlighted by the use of GIS processes and field studies. During the later years of T'ang dynasty the most of lands between Yellow River and Yangtze River suffered a chaotic juxtaposition of separatist regimes, i.e., FanZhen. T'ang FanZhen Information System, a focused custom GIS system, has also been developed here to explore the formation and development of FanZhen. By using relevant vector data and satellite imaginary on the appropriate platform of GIS, we improved the quality and accuracy of scientific studies of FanZhen Period much more than before. GIS processes such as area, point and line representation and tracing, image/feature/script hotlinking and thematic representation are perfect to trace and display historical data across space.
Effect of Slope Positions and Years on Three Indexes to Artificial Ecological Substrate
Authors: Hu Zhi Yu , Hu Huan
Published: September 2013

In the region of Hubei Shuibuya hydropower station, the paper studied the variation of slope positions and years to the artificial ecological substrate on Sanyouping highway rock slope by field sampling and office processing. The indexes which were measured and analyzed in experiment mainly included unit weight, water ratio and organic matter. The results showed that the distribution of the three indexes of artificial ecological substrate on the slope were different, and lacked rules to follow. The maximum of unit weight was the middle slope, and the maximum of water ratio was the lower slope, but the organic matter of upper slope was the maximum. As the implementation of ecological restoration project went on, the unit weight of artificial ecological substrate gradually reduced, and the content of organic matter steadily rose, but the water ratio was greatly affected by seasonal rainfall and fluctuated with years. Overall speaking, three kinds of indexes on the slope with the change of years gradually tended to the natural slope. It shows that the rock slope can be restored preferably as long as the ratio of artificial substrate is properly.
Research on Interface Symbols of Sand Groups and Characters of Interior Gyrations of Heidimiao Layer in Yingtai Area
Authors: Lv Gui You
Published: September 2013

This article is intended to identify interface symbols of sand groups by combining logging data with seismic data, and set correlation symbols of 8 sand groups in strata Nen 3 (H1) and Nen 4 (H2) of Nenjiang group. Characteristics of interior gyrations of those sand groups are analyzed according to core and logging data. Besides, sand group features of a single well are expected to be studied in this article. Upon the data and analysis, foundation information is provided for the research on sand distribution characteristics of Heidimiao oil layer and controlling factors of oil and water distribution.
Study on Water Source Area Environmental Protection and the Coordinated Development of Towns in Water Source Area
Authors: Li Lun Liang
Published: September 2013

The safety of the water source area is the premise of urban safety and the basis for the sustainable urban development and urban-rural coordinated development. The contradiction between water source area protection and the development of towns in the water source area is increasingly prominent, and the restrictions of water source area protection on the towns in the water source area have seriously restricted the development of towns in water source area. Based on deep analysis of the principal contradictions and problems between urban water source area protection and the development of the towns in water source area, the paper has proposed the spatial planning pathways and the relevant public policy suggestions for the coordinated development of urban water source protection and the towns in water source area.
Comprehensively Evaluating Soil Nutrients in Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Field under Regulated Deficit Irrigation in an Arid Environment
Authors: Zhang Heng Jia , Li Jun Hui
Published: September 2013

A field experiment was carried out in 2007 and 2008 growing seasons to explore the comprehensive evaluation of soil nutrients in spring wheat field under regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) in an arid environment. The soil organic matter, soil total and available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in 0~40 cm layer after two years of RDI management were selected as the evaluating factors to determine both the weighing coefficient of each soil nutrient component and the comprehensive evaluation index for soil nutrients (CEISN) using the membership function in fuzzy mathematics. The results showed that the CEISN was higher in all the RDI management than that in the no water deficit control except 3.5% lower in RDI2 over CK. The CEISN improvement was respectively 6.3%, 6.1%, 6.1%, 5.3%, 4.9%, and 3.8% higher in RDI7, RDI4, RDI5, RDI1, RDI3, RDI6 than in CK sequentially. Consequently, after two years of experiment, the optimal water management and sustainable soil nutrient use pattern was maintained in RDI7 due to its maximum CEISN in all the water deficit regulation regimes.
Formation and Evolution of Luyang Lake Wetland
Authors: Yang Ju Hua , Xi Min , Wu Jian Min
Published: September 2013

The Luyang Lake, a declined ancient lake, is located in Lubotan area in northeast of Shaanxi Guanzhong Plain. As one of the relict lakes of Sanmen Lake in early Pleistocene, Luyang Lake formed in the Pleistocene of Quaternary period dating back to about 3 million years ago, and later gradually retreat into a beach in the late Ming dynasty due to crustal tectonics and global climate change. Water area of the lakes becomes larger due to development of irrigation systems and artificial water source in the past 30 years. And now, the groundwater level is rising and Wetland trend intensifying.
Comparative Study on Classification of Remote Sensing Image by Support Vector Machine
Authors: Xu Yong , Cheng Chang Chun , Wang Xiao Ming , Mao Meng Qi , Zhang Chang Jing
Published: September 2013

In this paper, the TM image of Landsat-5 was used for classification by the method of support vector machine (SVM). The results and precisions of classification were compared between the different parameter combinations. Further more, precisions are compared between the SVM and traditional algorithm. The results indicate that SVM classification algorithm has the advantage of broad parameters range, without prior knowledge of image and samples. The precision of SVM algorithm is much higher than traditional algorithm, especially adapt to the area without in situ measurement.
Adsorption and Regeneration Characteristics of Granular Adsorbent Based on Coal Fly Ash for Methylene Blue Removal
Authors: Wang Jing , Peng Chang Sheng , Yang Zhong Fu , Li Dan Dan , Wu Yu Ting
Published: September 2013

In a previous work, a granular adsorbent based on coal fly ash (GAF) has been prepared and the adsorption amount of methylene blue (MB) reached 278.55mg/g, which is comparable with granular activated carbon. To study its adsorption and regeneration characteristics for MB removal, influencing factors on adsorption, regeneration efficiency, adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics characteristics were investigated. The results indicate that the adsorption amount of MB increased with the increasing of contact time, initial concentration and adsorption temperature, while the initial pH has no significant influence. After 4 times regeneration cycles the regeneration efficiency remains 92% indicating that GAF has desirable regeneration ability. Isothermal studies show that Langmuir and Temkin isothermal models fit the adsorption processes well, indicating that the adsorption should be monolayer adsorption and may existing ion-exchange. Intraparticle diffusion describes the adsorption kinetics processes best. Thermodynamics research reveals the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the adsorption processes.