bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efek Hipoglikemia Formula Herbal Antidiabetes Pada Tikus Diabetes Yang Diinduksi Alloxan
Authors: Sarifah Lailatus , Jannah Raodatul , Sari Dewi Ratih Tirto
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efek hipoglikemia formula herbal antidiabetes secara in vivo. Herbal yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu simplisia daun kencana wungu, kayu secang, kayu manis, dan daun jati cina, dengan formula rasio yang digunakan 5:2:2:1 (F5221) dan rasio 3:3:2:2 (F3322). Sebanyak 12 tikus betina strain wistar dikelompokkan menjadi empat kelompok dengan jumlah masing-masing kelompok 3 ekor tikus. Kelompok perlakuan antara lain tikus normal, tikus diabetes mellitus (DMT2), tikus DMT2+ F3322, dan tikus DMT2+F5221. Tikus model diabetes mellitus diinduksi dengan menginjeksikan 175 mg/Kg BB alloxan secara subkutan dan melakukan observasi kadar glukosa darah 3 – 6 hari setelah injeksi. Selanjutnya tikus model diabetes diberikan formula herbal F3322 dan F5221 2x sehari selama 14 hari, dan dilakukan pengamatan kadar glukosa darah untuk mengamati efek hipoglikemia serta berat badan. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan injeksi alloxan 175 mg/kg BB pada tikus model strain wistar meningkatkan kadar glukosa darah hingga lebih dari 200 mg/dl. Pemberian formula herbal 2x sehari pada hari ketujuh setelah perlakuan menunjukkan penurunan berat badan yang berbeda nyata (p0.05), demikian juga pada hari ke – 14 setelah perlakuan. Namun, pemberian formula herbal baik F3322 dan F5221 menormalkan kadar gula darah tikus model dari 415 – 445 mg/dl menjadi 155 – 157 mg/dl. Penurunan kadar glukosa pada tikus model disebabkan oleh kandungan daun kencana wungu, kayu secang, dan kayu manis yang memiliki efek hipoglikemia. Sedangkan daun jati cina berpotensi sebagai antidiabetes melalui efek hypolipidemia yang ditandai dengan penurunan berat badan tikus. Penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa pemberian formula F5221 selama 2x sehari dalam 14 hari menurunkan kadar glukosa dan berat badan dan berpotensi sebagai kandidat obat herbal antidiabetes mellitus.
Pengaruh Model Guided Inquiry Disertai Socioscientific Issues Terhadap Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa
Authors: Dora Friska , Afandi Afandi , Tenriawaru Andi Besse , Artika Wiwit , Titin Titin
Published: May 2024

AbstrakPenggunaan model pembelajaran yang tepat dapat membantu meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa. Salah satunya adalah model guided inquiry disertai socioscientific issues. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh model guided inquiry disertai socioscientific issues terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pre-experimental design dengan rancangan one group pretest-posttest design. Populasi penelitian yaitu siswa SMAN 1 Samalantan. Sampel penelitan yaitu siswa kelas X IPA 1 dan IPA 2 sejumlah 60 siswa. Instrumen tes berupa soal pilihan ganda dan diuji validitas, reliabilitas, indeks kesukaran dan daya pembeda sebelum digunakan. Data diperoleh dari hasil pretest dan posttest. Uji paired sample t-test digunakan sebagai uji hipotesis dengan taraf signifikansi 0,05 melalui aplikasi SPSS. Hasil uji hipotesis terhadap data pretest dan posttest menggunakan uji paired-sample t-test diperoleh nilai signifikasi sebesar 0,001 dimana nilai ini kurang dari 0,05 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ho ditolak dan H₁ diterima. Artinya penerapan model guided inquiry disertai socioscientific issues terbukti berpengaruh terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa pada materi perubahan lingkungan/iklim dan daur ulang limbah.
Single-Phase Robust Charger with High Power Quality for Electric Vehicle Application
Authors: Shariff Samir M.
Published: May 2024

The widespread use of electric vehicles (EVs) necessitates the development of a robust charging infrastructure. The goal of this research paper is to create a high-quality, single-phase charger for electric cars. The purpose of this design is to provide a charger that is both fast and efficient but also protects against power quality problems including harmonics, power factor correction, and voltage variations. A single-phase–single-stage improved power quality EV charger for small and medium power applications has been designed and simulated. A single DC-DC converter is utilized for constant charging and improved power quality operation. The charger presented exhibits improved power quality as sinusoidal current is drawn from the utility grid supply with the total harmonic distortion (THD) in compliance with the IEEE 519 and IEC 61000-3-2 standards. In order to charge the battery of an electric vehicle, most two-stage converters first use a boost converter for power factor correction (PFC), and then they use a DC-DC converter that can accept any input voltage. These two-stage conversions are inefficient and use more parts than necessary. This work proposes a PFC converter based on a single-stage switching inductor Cuk converter, which has the advantages of high step-down gain, low current stress, high efficiency, and a small number of components. The suggested converter’s operational analysis and design equations are performed in continuous current mode. The proposed converter is the subject of extensive mathematical modelling, analysis, simulation, and experimentation presented in this study. With both constant voltage (CV) and constant current (CC) loads, the proposed converter’s performance is analysed with regard to power quality indices like voltage total harmonic distortion (THD), current THD, and total power factor. Additionally, in CV mode and CC mode, the suggested converter’s dynamic performance with battery charging is evaluated in relation to the extensive supply changes. The developed charger presents a reliable and efficient solution for EV charging, fostering the transition to a cleaner and more sustainable transportation system.
Strategic endowment fund management: Elevating quality assurance in higher education - insights from case studies and best practices
Authors:   Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan, Fardows Nayer , Nayer Daud ,   Strathclyde University Glasgow, UK, Nayer Agnes ,   Christian Educational Endowment Trust, Lahore, Pakistan, Jaffar Sarah Nayer ,   Coventry University, Coventry, UK
Published: May 2024

This research explores the pivotal role of strategic endowment fund management in elevating the quality assurance standards within higher education institutions. Quality assurance in higher education is of paramount importance, especially in a global context where educational excellence is a driving force for socioeconomic development. Drawing from an extensive analysis of case studies across diverse geographical regions and institutional types, this research identifies key strategies and best practices that have yielded tangible improvements in educational quality. It explores the innovative ways in which endowment funds are established, managed, and leveraged to address specific quality assurance challenges faced by higher education institutions. Furthermore, it examines the ethical considerations inherent in fund allocation and distribution, ensuring equitable access to resources for quality enhancement. In doing so, this research paper not only underscores the critical association between endowment fund management and higher education quality assurance but also provides a repository of practical insights and best practices that can guide policymakers, educational leaders, and philanthropic organizations in their efforts to sustain and elevate the quality of higher education worldwide. As higher education institutions grapple with the challenges of the 21st century, strategic endowment fund management emerges as a powerful tool in ensuring that educational quality remains at the forefront.
DEVELOPMENT OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING MODULES IN THE STUDENT LEARNING
Authors: Ramalia Hadijah
Published: May 2024

This study aims to determine the physics concept contained in the traditional toy othok-othok ship. This research was conducted using interview techniques. Data were collected at Untung Suropati Street, Kalipancur, Ngaliyan, Semarang. The data that has been obtained are then analyzed to find out what are the physics concepts contained in the othok-othok ship toy. The results showed that the othok-othok toy contained the physics concepts of Archimedes' Principles, First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics, Newton's Third Law, and sound. Keywords: physics concept, othok-othok shipThis study aims to determine the physics concept contained in the traditional toy othok-othok ship. This research was conducted using interview techniques. Data were collected at Untung Suropati Street, Kalipancur, Ngaliyan, Semarang. The data that has been obtained are then analyzed to find out what are the physics concepts contained in the othok-othok ship toy. The results showed that the othok-othok toy contained the physics concepts of Archimedes' Principles, First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics, Newton's Third Law, and sound. Keywords: physics concept, othok-othok ship
META-ANALYSIS OF THE APPLICATION OF STEM APPROACH BASED ON HOTS IN PHYSICS SUBJECT ON CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS OF STUDENTS
Authors: Aprilia Putri , Amelia Mira , Panggabean Cristina
Published: May 2024

Various skills that must be mastered by students to be able to prepare themselves to match the human resources of developed countries are today's challenges. One of these skills is critical thinking. The application of the STEM approach is a new era to meet the learning objectives in the 21st century. And by applying the HOTS-based STEM approach will improve students' critical thinking skills. The research in this article uses the meta-analysis method by finding the effect size calculation value of each journal analyzed. Thus, it is found that the learning model that has a major effect on the application of the HOTS-based STEM approach is the experimental learning model, with the material of Electricity and Magnetism and with the help of simulation media at the XII grade high school level.Keywords: STEM Approach, HOTS, Critical Thinking
DEVELOPMENT OF PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING-BASED LEARNER WORKSHEETS (LKPD) ON THE SUBJECT OF HOOKE'S LAW AT SCHOOL MAS PLUS AL-ULUM MEDAN
Authors: Safitri Eka
Published: May 2024

This study aims to determine the level of feasibility of Problem Based Learning based LKPD on Hooke's Law material based on material experts and media experts, and to determine the level of practicality of Problem Based Learning based LKPD on Hooke's Law material based on the response of teachers in the field of study and student responses. This research uses research and development methods or Research and Development (R&D). The LKPD feasibility test uses a Likert scale questionnaire validated by two validators. And the practical test of LKPD was carried out at MAS Plus Al-Ulum Medan school by teachers and students. Based on the results of the study, a material expert validator assessment of 72% was obtained, a media expert assessment of 80% with feasible / valid criteria. And based on the response of the physics teacher, a score of 94% was obtained, and the response of students obtained a value of 94.45% with very practical criteria.
The effect of photovoltaic system operating parameters on exergy efficiency
Authors: Kuczyński Waldemar , Borowska Anna
Published: May 2024

Solar energy is a unique source of renewable energy due to its availability and the unlimited quantity. It has long attracted the attention of scientists who are conducting theoretical and experimental research into its use. Solar energy plays an increasingly important role in the context of energy conservation. With the rising cost of conventional energy sources and limited access to natural resources, interest in the use of renewable energy sources is increasing. In this context, environmental protection is another factor favoring the development of technologies based on renewable energy sources. With economic development, the significance of new environmentally friendly technologies is increasing. One of the most popular ways for the average household to utilize renewable energy sources is by installing photovoltaic panels. Such an installation allows the use of solar energy to generate electricity, which contributes to reducing energy costs and protecting the environment. The article presents the results of an analysis of the exergy efficiency of prosumer photovoltaic systems found in the area of northern Poland. The analysis presented was based on actual operating parameters over a certain time interval. A key aspect is the analysis of exergy, which is not distributed in renewable energy sources (RES) systems.
EDITORIAL DAN DAFTAR ISI JPKP, VOL. 16, NO. 2 TAHUN 2023
Authors: JPKP
Published: May 2024

Jurnal Penelitian Kebijakan Pendidikan Volume 16 No. 2 Tahun 2023 terbit pada Mei 2024, terlambat beberapa bulan dari seharusnya karena proses upgrading dan perbaikan OJS setelah mendapat serangan siber pada Agustus 2023. Edisi ini berisikan 6 (enam) artikel dengan topik beragam di bidan pendidikan. Enam topik bahasan tersebut yaitu: 1) “Persepsi dan Pemaknaan Guru tentang Standar Proses dan Standar Penilaian Pendidikan”; 2) “Upaya Menguatkan Link and Match Melalui Program SMK Pusat Keunggulan: Studi Kasus SMKN 1 Bantul”; 3) “Penerimaan Platform Merdeka Mengajar oleh Guru di Kota Surabaya”; 4) “Pembelajaran yang Berpusat pada Peserta Didik Melalui Program Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka”; 5) “Implementasi Sekolah Ramah Anak untuk Mewujudkan Perilaku Antikekerasan”; 6) “Pengaruh Program Kampus Merdeka dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Perguruan Tinggi Swasta”.
AKTIVITAS TEH (AIR SEDUHAN ) DAUN KELOR SEBAGAI HEPATOPROTEKTOR PADA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN YANG DIINDUKSI FORMALIN DOSIS TOKSIK
Authors: Suaskara Ida  Bagus , Ermayanti Ni Gusti Ayu , Joni Martin , Ginantra I Ketut , . Anastesya
Published: May 2024

An attempt to avoid formalin side effects of toxin dose contained in food is to administer hepatoprotectant. Moringa is one of the food sources that functions as a hepatoprotector. The purpose of this study was to determine the activity of Moringa leaf tea (steeping water) as an antioxidant and hepatoprotector in male white rats induced with formalin doses of toxicity. The method used in this study was a randomized group design (RGD). The liver damage barrier test used a formalin-induced male white rat model (0.100 ml/BB) as a negative control, tea (steeping water) of Moringa leaves was given at a dose of 50, 75, 100 mg/BB once a day and the administration of aquades as a positive control for 7 days. The formalin-induced group of mice showed a significant increase in SGPT, SGOT and MDA values compared to positive controls. Orally administering Moringa leaf tea (steeping water) can weaken or decrease the increase in SGPT, SGOT and MDA values in male rats compared to formalin-induced significantly. So that giving tea from steeping water Moringa leaves can be an alternative as drinking water after meals.
Keywords: toxic, SGOT, SGPT, MDA
МУСУЛЬМАНСКИЕ СРЕДНЕВЕКОВЫЕ ПАМЯТНИКИ ПОСЕЛЕНИЯ ОТУЗЫ (С. ЩЕБЕТОВКА, РЕСПУБЛИКА КРЫМ)
Authors: Ломакин Дмитрий Анатольевич , Айбабина Елена Акимовна
Published: May 2024

В исследовании, посвященном средневековым древностям поселения Отузы, располагавшемся в юго-восточном Крыму, рассмотрены мечеть и надгробия XIV в. Надгробные памятники, относящиеся к первоначальному золотоордынскому периоду истории поселения, принадлежавшие выходцам из Малой Азии и Ирака, являются примером начальных связей с крупными мусульманскими центрами и распространения религии ислама на полуострове. Установлено, что к настоящемумоменту большинство средневековых памятников поселения полностью или частично утрачено. Проанализированы письменные и эпиграфические источники, изделия каменной пластики, графика и фотоснимки XIX – начала XX вв. Выявленные графические работы К. Ф. фон Кюгельхена, А. де Палдо, Ф. Дюбуа де Монпере дают представление о поселении, сохраняющем в XIX в. средневековую планировку и застройку. Определена топография размещения мечети и некрополя в местности Бешик-Азиз на вершине г. Мал-Кая. Религиозный комплекс располагался в юго-западной части поселения.Определена архитектурная стилистика мечети и минарета, не сохранившихся к настоящему времени. Здание мечети относится к типу построек, получивших широкое распространение на полуострове в период Крымского ханства. Сделано предположение о том, что в Отузах могла размещаться летняя резиденция правителей Солхата, центра улуса Золотой Орды в Крыму.
О ЧИСЛЕННОСТИ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ ЗОЛОТООРДЫНСКОГО АЗАКА И ЕГО ОКРУГИ
Authors: Масловский Андрей Николаевич , Папка Инесса Бовна
Published: May 2024

В статье проводятся расчеты численности населения золотоордынского Азака и его округи на основе анализа результатов многолетних раскопок золотоордынского Азака. Наиболее достоверные данные имеются для периода около 1340 г., когда численность населения города составляла 54 тыс. человек. Для определения динамики развития города расчёты приведены также для периодов около 1290 и 1395 гг., когда население города составляло около 3,0-3,5 и 12,5-13,5 тыс. жителей. Численность кочевников на территориях, тяготеющих экономически к Азаку, может быть оценена в 250 тыс. человек. Это число скорее является верхним пределом. Неясным остается вопрос о численности некочевого населенияокруги Азака, поскольку неизвестно даже примерное число оседлых поселений. Поэтому, предложенная в статье оценка в более чем 300 тысяч человек является умозрительной. При всей приблизительности расчётов, подобные исследования необходимы для правильного понимания истории Золотой Орды. Данные, несомненно, будут уточняться, но порядок чисел вряд ли изменится. Численность населения Азака говорит о том, что он был в период своего расцвета одним из крупнейших городов не только Восточной Европы, но Европы в целом. Такие размеры указывают на то, что он выступал не только как центр посреднической трансконтинентальной торговли, но как торгово-ремесленный центр большого региона. Подобные исследования в будущем должны быть проведены и для других регионов Золотой Орды.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ СРЕДНЕВЕКОВЫХ МАВЗОЛЕЕВ В УРОЧИЩЕ КОПТАМ В ЗАПАДНОМ КАЗАХСТАНЕ
Authors: Бисембаев Арман Ауганович , Хаванский Алексей Иванович , Жанузак Рамазан Жаксыбайулы
Published: May 2024

Целью статьи является публикация материалов археологических раскопок ранее неизвестных средневековых мавзолеев в Актюбинской области Западного Казахстана. Мавзолеи исследованы у поселка Таскопа в местности Коптам. Первый мавзолей – квадратный в плане, сооружен из обожжённого и сырцового кирпича. С фасадной стороны имеет портал. Внешние размеры сооружения: длина 7,8 м, ширина – 6,9 м. Толщина стен составляет 1,3-1,5 м. Внутри исследованы три погребения. Над каждым погребением сооружено кирпичное надгробие-мастаба. Погребение 1 – коллективное: два взрослых человека и ребенок. Погребения 2 и 3 – индивидуальные. Все погребенные лежат вытянуто на спине, головой на запад с отклонением к северу. Погребальный инвентарь отсутствует. Второй мавзолей небольших размеров и сильно разрешен. Длина составляет 8,0 м, ширина – 7,0 м, толщина стен – не больше 0,7м. Содержит погребение взрослого человека без вещей. Особенности архитектуры и погребального обряда позволяют датировать эти мавзолеи XIV в. Каноничность архитектуры и погребального обряда говорят о том, что данные мавзолеи сооружены городским мусульманским населением, возможно, переселенцами из Хорезма.
The Reality of Scheduling Specialized Medical Appointments in Public Hospitals in Manabí, Ecuador
Authors: Briones Marcelo Armijos , Velásquez Andrea Bermúdez , Santos Roberth Zambrano , Rodríguez Mabel Sánchez
Published: May 2024

Objective: to establish a relationship between the form of access and the waiting time for care of users who needed specialized medical consultation in areas that required a referral from a general practitioner in the public hospitals of the cities of Manta and Portoviejo during the period. from January to March 2023.
 
Methodology: Cross-sectional study, where users of public hospitals were asked about how they obtained their medical appointment and how long they waited to be seen from the scheduling of their medical appointment to the moment they were seen. A structured questionnaire with social, demographic and economic questions was used to determine the factors that influenced waiting time. The t test and ANOVA with Welch correction with a significance level of 0.05 were used to establish relationships between the average waiting time and the social and demographic variables.
 
Results and discussion: On average, patients wait 49 days for their specialized medical consultation, and in some cases, the wait extended up to 180 days. Those who accessed through the formal process had to wait up to 19 days longer compared to those who accessed with the help of a family member or friend who worked at the hospital.
 
Originality/value: The results suggest the existence of informal access to obtain specialized medical appointments in the three public hospitals of Manabí, which could be one of the causes of the delay in appointments scheduled through the referral and counter-referral system.
Analysis of The Feasibility of Hydrogen Injection in Pipeline Gas Distribution Networks
Authors: Bueno André Valente , Vilarrasa-García Enrique , Torres Antônio Eurico Belo , Oliveira Mona Lisa Moura de , Andrade Carla Freitas de
Published: May 2024

Objective: The objective of this study is the development of the basic guidelines for blending green hydrogen with natural gas and transporting it through the gas pipelines of a natural gas distribution company. The characteristics of consumption, legislation and materials used in the company's network were considered. In addition, data from recent research in the area was also selected to support specific actions so that this objective is achieved in a technically sustainable way, respecting technical knowledge and standards available internationally.
 
Method: In this scenario, a study of the feasibility of enriching natural gas distributed by a gas distribution company in the region of the city of Fortaleza with green hydrogen is presented. In addition, data from recent research in the area was also selected to support specific actions so that this objective is achieved in a technically sustainable way, respecting technical knowledge and standards available internationally.
 
Results and Discussion: Based on current legislation and a series of technical references, it is currently recommended to add levels of up to 2% in branches where natural gas is used for vehicular and industrial glass and ceramic applications and can increase up to 3% in other extensions. The maximum concentration may reach 10% in the medium term after detailed fatigue resistance studies or adaptation of pipes with internal polymer jackets.
 
Research Implications: The interest in replacing fossil fuels for decarbonization purposes has motivated research into a series of alternatives, among which hydrogen stands out as a possible vector or energy carrier for high-efficiency systems with oxidation free of carbon emissions. carbon. Introducing renewable hydrogen into natural gas distribution networks stabilizes the demand for production of this gas, in addition to alleviating the costs and risks associated with building a dedicated facility.
 
Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature related to the study of green Hydrogen. The relevance and value of this research are evidenced by the results obtained.
Wojny i konflikty w szarej strefie
Authors:   Uniwersytet Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie, Wasiuta Olga
Published: May 2024

Today’s geopolitical conflicts, especially between great powers, are associated with a desire to fundamentally revise the world order and establish new norms of behaviour. The article examines various researchers’ approach to the term “grey wars”, which is used to distinguish modern wars from traditional or conventional types of armed conflict. The definition of grey war by American researchers generally coincides with the definitions of hybrid warfare and, in particular, the Russian Federation’s war against Ukraine. The author points out that many of the examples that grey war theories list as novelties are actually quite old, but they are the ones that have highlighted shortcomings in the way the West thinks about war and strategy. The grey zone encompasses the use of unconventional force, from cyberattacks to information campaigns to energy diplomacy, to gain an advantage over other international actors. Russia, China, and other actors have engrained grey zone tactics built into their doctrines, while many democracies have failed to even build a consensus around these concepts – let alone integrate them into their security strategies, despite having the tools to do so.
Exporting art under Polish law
Authors:   Uniwersytet Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie, Durek Ewa
Published: May 2024

One of the best ways to promote an artist is to sell his work to a famous, international collection. There are strong voices in law and art economy, claiming that Polish legal regulation regarding art export is unnecessarily strict and complicated, which results in suppressed promotion of arts and cultural development. In the following article, I am exploring this problem by analyzing current Polish legal regulations as well as contemporary cases relevant to the topic. I am also investigating the problem by delving into Polish history, especially the aftermath of the Swedish Deluge and World War II, which both resulted in looting and destruction of Polish cultural heritage on a catastrophic scale. I determine that Polish legal regulations regarding art export are, in fact, on the strict side and are constructed to keep cultural heritage inside the borders. However, this approach is completely justified by the cultural and political climate in which those regulations were conducted. That being said, more than half a century after the last major art looting that took place on Polish grounds, it is time to reevaluate and adjust some of the legal regulations. I conclude my article with the proposition of expanding autonomy for the museum’s board of directors in dealing with exhibits under their care.
Militaryzacja jedną z form zapewnienia ciągłości pracy polskiego sektora elektroenergetycznego w czasie realnego wystąpienia zagrożenia konfliktem zbrojnym
Authors:   Staropolska Akademia Nauk Stosowanych w Kielcach, Filip Zbigniew
Published: May 2024

The primary task of the electric power sector in Poland is to ensure an uninterrupted, safe and stable supply of electricity to the residents of our country. In peacetime, all the sector’s forces and resources (including personnel) are focused on the above task. However, during a threat to national security, the situation may change dramatically, as employees (especially young men) will be courted by the Military Recruitment Centre and the Polish armed forces, as the vast majority of them have mobilisation assignments to various types of the Polish armed forces. To avoid the situation outlined above, the management of the electric power sector should consider several options available to solve this problem. One of them is to request militarisation of a unit that is part of the power industry’s operating system in accordance with the provisions of the Homeland Defence Act.
Krążownik ciężki – problemy klasyfikacyjne. Część 3. Krążowniki ciężkie w służbie Stanów Zjednoczonych, Japonii i Wielkiej Brytanii
Authors:   Uniwersytet Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie, Jastrzębski Jarosław
Published: May 2024

This article is the third in a series of six texts devoted to classification problems in the group of artillery ships, such as heavy cruisers. In the first text, we dealt with the genesis of the heavy cruiser and formulated its definition, necessary for making reliable scientific analyses. In the second text, we confronted this definition with ships with a disputed classification. This section presents the heavy cruiser fleets of the three largest owners. The following will discuss the fleets of these types of ships under the other flags and their global characteristics. The three most numerous owners of heavy cruisers: the United States, Japan, and Great Britain, had 70% of their total number. These values clearly reflect for whom they were the most desirable weapons. This is confirmed by the hostilities of 1937-1945, especially the Pacific War. The U.S.A. had the largest fleet of 38 ships, followed by Japan with 18 ships, and the third with Great Britain with 13 ships of this type. As a result of World War II, the Japanese Navy’s heavy cruiser fleet was completely wiped out, the Americans lost 7, the British 4, and they also handed over 1 to Australia. The Anglo-Saxon powers’ remaining heavy cruisers were gradually decommissioned during the Cold War. At the same time, the Royal Navy completed this process by the end of the 1940s, for reasons of economy. U.S. Navy also used them, among others in the Korean Wars 1950-1953 and Vietnam Wars 1964-1973. The last American heavy cruiser, Newport News, was decommissioned in 1975. On the other hand, the last deletion from the records of the U.S. Navy was made in 1991 when it happened to reserve Salem.
Przygotowanie oficerów wychowawczych do przeciwdziałania patologiom społecznym w SZ RP w XXI wieku
Authors:   Komeda Rejonowa Policji Warszawa IV, Romelczyk Urszula
Published: May 2024

The article present sthesubject of the preparation of educational officers to counteract the social pathologies behaviour in the military environment. Based on own research and the available literature on the subject, an attempt was made to analyze the scope of professional and social competences, including the desirable features that a soldier of the educational corps should have in order to effectively prevent pathologies in the environment. In addition, the criteria for the selection of candidates for educational officers were analyzed as well as the directions of preparing them to counteract social pathologies in the 21st century army.
Wojna poznawcza we współczesnym środowisku bezpieczeństwa
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach, Mitręga Adrian
Published: May 2024

The term “cognition” or “cognitive science” was originally used in psychology, where it referred to human psychological processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity and thinking. Nowadays, we can see that states and non-government organisations are using more and more modern technologies, and there is an undeclared war for control over human minds in the media. Cognitive warfare is not new to the security sciences, nevertheless, the development of civilisation has brought about anew perspective on this threat, as we can now consider it to be acomprehensive strategy that combines psychological warfare, as well as information and propaganda warfare carried out through, among others, social media, in order to shape people’s views on issues such as politics, economy, or military affairs. The latter ultimately results in afavourable enemy perception and achieves ‘behaviour change’, i.e. actions in favour of the enemy. The aim of this article is to present the evolution of cognitive warfare in the contemporary security environment.
El discurso como escenario del mundo
Authors: Martínez María Cristina
Published: May 2024

Resumen
Un tipo de violencia un tipo de discurso
Authors: Campo Ana Beatriz
Published: May 2024

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Signo y diégesis
Authors: Barreto González Aubert
Published: May 2024

Resumen
Enhancing Resolution and Fault Tolerance of Barrier Coverage with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Kumar Amit , Ghose Debasish
Published: May 2024

Securing the borders of a protected region using sensor network deployment is termed “barrier coverage.” Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with cameras pointed downward can serve as mobile sensors to achieve barrier coverage of a protected region. The resolution of the camera, in addition to the extent of coverage, is a crucial parameter used to evaluate the quality of barrier coverage of a region. This paper presents a cost function that measures the resolution of a barrier coverage network, which can be used to improve the quality of an already established barrier-covered network. An optimization problem is proposed to find the barrier coverage while adhering to an overlapping constraint for UAVs that are placed arbitrarily in the belt. The approach is also demonstrated to be applicable for borders of any shape by utilizing multiple rectangular belts in combination. Furthermore, a fault tolerance model is proposed to ensure continuous barrier coverage even in the presence of faulty UAVs. This model utilizes nearby functional UAVs to compensate for any gaps and preserve the overlap constraint. Specifically, the model identifies neighboring functional UAVs for each faulty UAV and uses them to maintain barrier coverage.
A COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF THE LEGAL STATUS OF NATIONAL CRYPTOCURRENCIES AND CBDCs : A LEGAL TENDER OR JUST ANOTHER MEANS OF PAYMENT
Authors: Jozipović Šime , Perkušić Marko , Mladinić Nina
Published: May 2024

This paper analyses the legal framework of national virtual currencies and so-called Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) from a comparative law perspective. The authors define the meaning of the terms “means of payment” and “legal tender” and determine the legal consequences of classifying certain means of payment as legal tender. Building on this, the authors present new developments in the field of sovereign virtual currencies and shed light on their evolution through a comparative legal analysis of various national virtual currencies. In this context, the authors present developments in various African countries, Venezuela’s initiative to introduce the first state-backed crypto token, the first CBDC pilot projects in Uruguay and China, and considerations to introduce a CBDC in the EU. Based on the analyzed systems, problems regarding privacy, user protection and effective regulation of transactions are highlighted in order to present the legal challenges for the establishment of a fully functional (supra-)national euro CBDC.
KAZNENO DJELO NASILNIČKO PONAŠANJE U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI – TEORIJSKI I PRAKTIČNI PROBLEMI
Authors: Lukač Alen
Published: May 2024

The subject of the paper is the consideration of the criminal offence of violent behaviour in the criminal material law of Bosnia and Herzegovina from the theoretical, normative, and practical aspects. The paper first analyses the historical development of the criminal offense of violent behaviour in the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The central part of the paper is a detailed analysis of the criminal offence of violent behaviour in Bosnia and Herzegovina from de lege lata aspect. Special reference is given to the semantic contextual analysis of the provision and the presentation of possible modalities of actions for committing this criminal offence, the consequences of the offence and the presentation of the legal position of court practice. The paper presents a criticism of certain court decisions in which the significance of the consequences of the “act of threat to civil peace“ have been unjustly reduced. Finally, de lege ferenda proposals are presented with the aim of more fully regulating the criminal offence of violent behaviour in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
ASSESSMENT OF UKRAINE’S FINANCIAL SECURITY LEVEL
Authors: Demianchuk Olha , Dziurakh Yurii , Leshchenko Denys
Published: May 2024

Financial security represents a pivotal aspect of a country’s national security. Situated at the heart of a complex geopolitical landscape, Ukraine is compelled to continually evaluate its financial health and uphold the resilience of its financial system amidst threats. The ongoing military conflict presents Ukraine with multifaceted challenges in maintaining financial stability and security. Consequently, conducting thorough research and assessment of financial security levels has emerged as a crucial undertaking for government agencies, experts, and the general populace. This study aims to scrutinize Ukraine’s financial security from 2018 to 2022. To achieve this objective, we analyzed various indicators, including those related to banking security, the security of the non-banking financial market, debt security, budgetary security, currency stability, and monetary security. From these metrics, an aggregate financial security index was derived. The outbreak of the full-scale invasion in 2022 significantly impacted budgetary security, marking the most pronounced decline among the evaluated indicators. Conversely, the domains of banking security and the non-banking financial sector demonstrated relative resilience.
PECULIARITIES OF DEBT POLICY AND DEBT SECURITY CRITERIA UNDER MILITARY AGGRESSION
Authors: Lyutyy Ihor , Zaichykova Vitalina , Ked Volodymyr
Published: May 2024

The article delves into Ukraine’s debt policy over the years 2013–2022, highlighting the critical condition of state debt which notably worsens during financial crises. Ukraine faced three such crises in the last decade alone, revealing that its financial system struggles to recover from these crises and stimulate economic growth. This situation underscores the necessity for reevaluating the priorities of the nation’s debt policy. The piece introduces a set of debt security indicators designed to assess the financial system’s capacity to manage its debt obligations. These indicators have been calculated and assessed against their threshold values. Amidst ongoing military aggression and constrained budget revenues, securing financing for Ukraine’s recovery and reconstruction projects becomes a paramount state policy objective. This includes financing for the state budget through foreign loans and grant aid, aimed at restoring critical infrastructure, bolstering economic and energy sectors, among others. In the reconstruction context, the article discusses the mobilization of financial resources to swiftly revive Ukraine’s economy, leveraging a balanced approach to donor support and domestic borrowing. It highlights the significance of debt policy, particularly the use of military bonds as a major revenue source, demonstrating their effectiveness in the current fiscal landscape.
PARADIGMATIC ANALYSIS OF UNDERSTANDING: PERFORMATIVE ASPECT
Authors: Pasichnyk Ihor , Karpovets Maksym
Published: May 2024

The article proposes a paradigmatic analysis of understanding in three psychological traditions, in particular, cognitive, hermeneutic, and existential, considering performative theory's conceptual and theoretical foundations. The study shows that each paradigm offers its vision of the problem of understanding, where the performative aspect is implicitly or explicitly present in the reflective activity, self-knowledge, and value-sense construction of the subject, usually in the educational environment. The performative dimension of the cognitive paradigm involves active and creative involvement in mental development, where it is essential not so much to learn as to comprehend knowledge, which corresponds to the performative-cognitive interpretation of understanding. As the study shows, understanding is not a separate or detached process from reality but a direct part of it. A person learns to think and understand while interacting with others, embodying and varying knowledge. In this context, thinking and understanding are not simply a passive reflection of the world but an intervention in its nature, where word and action coincide in performance. The hermeneutical paradigm interprets understanding as a set of interpretations created from perceiving a text and its author in a specific socio-cultural reality, where each interpretation corresponds to a particular performance. As a performer, each interpreter adds something new to the understanding of the text and its creator. Thus, in this way, the development of thinking occurs, its assertion in new thinking operations. Understanding is not so much the knowledge gained as the process of its gradual comprehension through performative activity. The existential paradigm considers understanding as a manifestation of existence, i.e., each way of being and performance corresponds to the individual's choice, decision, and responsibility for his/her activities. All of this shows that the performative aspect shifts the emphasis in the perception of understanding as a detached thought process from reality, suggesting that we consider an active, body-oriented way of constructing knowledge about the world and human beings. The performative aspect of this paradigm is each individual's creative, open activity. The paradigmatic analysis of the traditions above proved that the subject learns to think and understand by actively interacting with others. During this interaction, as a performance, thinking becomes tangible and visible, and thus, through language and body, becomes part of the creation of the surrounding reality. The research prospect is to study the performative interaction of language and body in thinking, meaningfully creating the subject and his/her world.
VOLUNTEERS' MENTAL HEALTH IN WAR
Authors: Savychenko Оlha , Lushchyk Anna , Melnychenko Svitlana , Shunevych Yevgeniy
Published: May 2024

Mental health difficulties and resources of Ukrainian volunteers in war are analyzed in the article. Attention is focused on three areas of volunteering – helping military personnel, civilians, and animals. The methodological basis of the study are the ideas of the World Health Organization, international and Ukrainian research on mental health. Empirical research is devoted to the study of the general state of volunteers’ mental health, mental disorders and other mental health complications, indicators of coping with stress and post-traumatic growth. The empirical study was conducted using a set of methods: "Mental Health Continuum – Short Form" (MHC-SF-UA), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Brief Measure for Assessing Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), Malach-Pines A. The Burnout Measure, Short Version (BMS), Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS), The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI). 81 people were covered by the study. It was established that the majority of volunteers have moderate mental health (42%), while the mental health of 35% of volunteers is flourishing, and 24% of volunteers have a languishing mental state. Mental health languishing is associated with impairments in the form of depression, anxiety, insomnia, stress, and burnout, while flourishing is associated with coping with stress, emotional regulation, and post-traumatic growth. It was found that volunteers helping the military effectively use emotional self-regulation strategies, so they do not have significant signs of anxiety, depression, or sleep disorders. However, systematic stay in stressful conditions reduces the level of coping with stress and leads to emotional burnout. Post-traumatic growth occurs mainly due to the expansion of one's own capabilities and strengthening personal and social resources. Volunteers helping civilians have difficulty coping with stress, leading to increased symptoms of depression and insomnia. Growth is driven by new opportunities, renewed values, and social significance. Volunteers helping animals have some difficulties with emotional self-regulation and coping with stress, so signs of anxiety and depression are observed. Post-traumatic growth is accompanied by coping with stress, accumulation of coping strategies and strengthening of values.
A Brief Guide to the 50 Eco-Friendly Materials Transforming Sustainable Construction
Authors:   Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA, Madiraju Saisanthosh Vamshi Harsha , Pamula Abhiram Siva Prasad ,   Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
Published: May 2024

The adoption of eco-friendly construction materials represents a revolutionary shift in the physical infrastructure, challenging traditional building practices. This transformation reduces environmental impacts and sets a precedence for sustainable, resilient, and responsible construction practices, marking a crucial milestone in the evolution of the physical infrastructure. This study offers a brief examination of eco-friendly materials for sustainable construction practices. Addressing the growing urgency for environmentally conscious building practices to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the construction material manufacturing industry. This study examines 50 eco-friendly materials, providing an understanding of their attributes, applications, and ecological benefits. Emphasizing the transformative potential of these materials, this article serves as a practical brief guide for architects, engineers, and construction professionals, facilitating informed decision-making without compromising construction performance. With a commitment to environmental responsibility and structural efficiency, this article contributes to a paradigm shift towards a greener and more sustainable future in the construction industry.
Resonance Effects from Substituents on L-Type Ligands Mediate Synthetic Control of Gold Nanocluster Frontier Orbital Energies
Authors: Morales Hernández Hanna , Ohtsuka Satoshi , Mehmood Arshad , Bordenca Jake , Wen Wangshu , Levine Benjamin , Johnson Christopher
Published: May 2024

The ligands of metal nanoclusters exert a profound effect on their properties and reactivity, but a systematic explanation for these impacts comparable to that of mononuclear coordination complexes does not currently exist. We show that quantitative control of frontier orbital energies of prototypical Au-PPh3 nanoclusters is driven by resonance effects reaching from the exterior of the ligand shell to the HOMO and LUMO orbitals that are nominally located in the cluster core. Hammett studies of Au-PPh3 ligands with para- and meta- methyl and methoxy groups indicate that electronic resonance effects dominate electrostatic effects, but do not specify whether resonance effects stop at the Au-P bond or extend into the cluster core. Quantum chemical calculations show no significant trend in charge on the Au atoms, but do show a pattern of alternating shortened and lengthened bonds that includes the Au-P bond, consistent with resonance effects spanning the full cluster. Computed orbitals show a substantial contribution from atomic orbitals of the ligand substituent to the cluster-core-based HOMO orbital for the para- case, mediated by phenyl ring and phosphorous orbitals. These results suggest that a resonance picture must exist to rationalize ligand effects in nanoclusters and, potentially, nanoparticles, even in the ground state. These resonance effects can be used to engineer cluster properties and reactivity and modulate energy and charge transfer in and out of nanoclusters.
Analytical model for the molecular ionization energy in an external electric field
Authors: Åstrand Per-Olof
Published: May 2024

A model for the molecular ionization energy in an applied electric field is presented based on a perturbation expansion in the electric field. The leading term arises from the Frenkel approach, which is the same for all molecules, normally used in the Poole-Frenkel model for the conductivity in an electric field. For a set of test molecules, the results are of comparable quality to previous results using constrained density functional theory. It is concluded that the Frenkel term is dominant and sufficient at relatively low fields and that the dipole and polarizability terms, the leading terms dependent on the properties of the individual molecule, give a significant contribution only at high fields and for relatively large molecules. Since the presented model is analytical, quantum chemical calculations are avoided for a variety of electric field strengths and molecular orientations, and the model can therefore be applied directly in coarse-grained models for electronic processes in dielectric condensed phases.