bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Dream About the Supervisor
Authors: Vaslamatzis Grigoris
Published: June 2007

The present paper deals with the presentation of a dream about the supervisor undisguised. The dream coincides with the reversion of the patient's pathology during the terminating phase and necessitates the prolongation of therapy. The paper offered the opportunity to discuss the neglected transferences of trainees in psychotherapy towards their supervisor.
Art as a Defence Mechanism Against Creativity
Authors: Mann David
Published: June 2007

This paper takes clinical examples to explore the idea that paintings made during the course of therapy may be used by the client's defence mechanisms so that the picture and picture‐making process are utilised against expression of creativity. It is argued that art is not inherently creative but is subject to the same processes of resistance and defence as encountered in other areas of the client's life and therapy. Some of the literature is reviewed followed by clinical examples. The conclusion drawn is that once resistance has been interpreted new layers of creativity become available to the client.
A Multiplicity of Psychotherapeutic Relationships
Authors: Clarkson Petruska
Published: June 2007

This article distinguishes, theoretically and by means of clinical examples, dreams and kinship metaphors, between five different kinds of psychotherapeutic relationship which may be potentially available for constructive use in psychotherapy. These are: the Working Alliance; the Transferential/Countertransferential Relationship; the Reparative/Developmentally Needed Relationship; the I‐You Relationship; and the Transpersonal Relationship. These five modalities can act as an integrative framework for different traditions (or approaches) of psychotherapy notwithstanding apparently irreconcilable schisms or popular stereotypes.
Creative Envy or 'Shiva Dancing Our Destruction’
Authors: Groom Nigel
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY. This paper is essentially about Envy as creative, as being about construction and destruction, about bringing Eros, Pan and Shiva into the relationship between therapist and client. It is an attempt to speak about sexualising, bodying, playing and the embodying of Envy as aggressive fantasy and activity out of the Imaginal world as I experience it with my clients.

‘Or Shiva Dancing our Destruction’(Tippett 1983, p. 9) refers to Shiva as Cosmic Dancer, mystical yet ever‐present, containing construction and destruction, chaos and order, inseparable opposites which manifest and arise out of the Imaginal world, the Mundus Imaginalis (Corbin 1972). I want to show what kind of underlying aggressive fantasies and activities around envy of the parents’/client's/therapist's or analyst's bodies become manifest in the work and how the primal metaphor of Shiva's dance underlies this in a powerful way.
On Not Traumatising the Traumatised: The Contribution of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy to Work with People with HIV and AIDS
Authors: Ratigan Bernard
Published: June 2007

The incidence of HIV and AIDS is increasing in Britain. Many of those affected are subjected to, and subject others to, powerful psychological pressures. Hitherto, the psychological care of such patients has been much influenced by cognitive‐behavioural approaches and only more recently have psychodynamic insights been brought into focus. This paper reports psychotherapeutic work undertaken both directly with HIV and AIDS patients, their partners and families and with clinical teams providing medical care.

The paper attempts to begin to sketch out a map of the psychodynamics of HIV and AIDS to encourage a better understanding of how clinicians can be helped to understand how psychosocial attitudes can be passed on to patients in the form of unconscious attacks and how patients can cause severe acting out on the part of clinicians as they try to resolve their own unconscious conflicts over their illness.
On Hating the Patient
Authors: Prodgers Alan
Published: June 2007

Hating the patient is seen as a natural part of any psychotherapeutic practice. Its emergence may be related to work with difficult or demanding patients. It finds its roots in our own personalities and the unconscious motivations that led each of us to practise psychotherapy. Some defences against the emergence of hatred are examined, and situations are discussed in which defences may break down and acting out occur.
Avoiding the Edge
Authors: Jones Peggy
Published: June 2007

The paper explores the question of whether and in what way psychotherapy may be a ‘dangerous’ profession. Starting with a recognition of personal hostility towards the American self‐help approach, I consider why we as a profession may be unwilling to examine other approaches and explore the tension inherent in our work between our own ‘health’ and ‘woundedness’ . I consider the dangers ‐ personal and collective ‐ of isolating and insulating ourselves against the wider social, cultural and political world and I assert that: ‘committing ourselves to finding and nurturing the source of responsibility, conscience, truth and freedom in others is not the same as committing ourselves to finding and nurturing that source in ourselves, or in the world’.
Brief Psychotherapy with Patients with Refractory Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Guthrie Elspeth
Published: June 2007

The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common condition consisting of abdominal pain, abdominal distension and an altered bowel habit in the absence of underlying organic pathology. Most people can be helped by conventional medical treatment but a small proportion (15%) run a chronic course with disabling symptoms that are unresponsive to medical intervention. This paper briefly describes a recent randomised, controlled trial of brief psychotherapy in 102 patients with refractory irritable bowel syndrome. The trial showed that two‐thirds of people with chronic symptoms of IBS show significant improvement following brief therapy. Six cases of patients seen during the trial are presented to illustrate the nature of the therapy employed and the range of people who can be helped by such an approach. The advantages and inevitable limitations of brief dynamic therapy with IBS patients are then discussed.
Inpatient Treatment with Patients with Severe Psychosomatic and Neurotic Disorders: a German Perspective
Authors: Herzog Thomas
Published: June 2007

This paper addresses why 9000 psychosomatic inpatient treatment places exist in Germany and how they are used. First, two case histories are presented to illustrate the particular patients and the typical problems that are dealt with by these units as well as the kind of approach used. This is followed by an outline of the preconditions for this, and a sketch of the actual state of psychosomatic inpatient treatment, illustrated by referring to the treatment approach in Heidelberg. Finally, outcome studies will be discussed.
Failures in the Transformational Object
Authors: Gottlieb Sue
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY. This paper describes the hating, demanding, helpless behaviour of a borderline patient, which may be ascribed to the kind of early developmental failures in the primary‘transformational object’which leave the ego too impoverished to contain psychotic anxieties. The resultant‘deficit transference’is distinguished from a‘conflict transference’. It is suggested that when the failing transformational object is sought within the transference, the patient is unable to internalise a good object. The possibility is explored that an autistic style of objectrelating may defend against anxieties about disintegration, and be a way of holding together the un‐integrated ego.
The Baby Makers: An In‐Depth Single‐Case Study of Conscious and Unconscious Psychological Reactions to Infertility and ‘Baby‐Making’ Technology
Authors: Raphael‐Leff Joan
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT. Recent innovations of interventive technologies of fertilisation (AIH, AID, IVF) have brought in their wake a wave of psychological reactions in the consumers. This new syndrome includes psychological symptoms such as derealisation, depersonalisation, hypochondria, low self‐esteem, guilt and neurotic depression; anxiety reactions; phobic avoidance and obsessional reactions with rumination and compulsive rituals. In addition, considerable interpersonal stress is manifested within the marital/intimate relationships of these patients who strive to ‘make’ a baby, rather than being able to just naturally ‘have’ one.

This presentation focuses on unconscious phantasies and dynamic processes underlying such symptomatology, including the emotional effects of being unable to treat intercourse as a twoperson generative event or the body as a creative fertile exponent of the self. Data is drawn from an in‐depth study of 19 patients seen in 1–5 per week psychoanalysis or individual/couple therapy and a single case is presented in depth. Attention is focused on subfertile patients' special transference relationship to the medical specialist ‐ as ‘Baby Maker’.
Female Fertility and Fruitful Life
Authors: Adey Evelyn
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY. A discussion of possible psychosomatic elements in infertility with reference to the psychotherapy of a woman who was having treatment for infertility.
Children Under The Nazi Yoke
Authors: Kestenberg Judith S.
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT. This paper deals with the effect of persecution on children during the Holocaust. The psychic consequences discussed pertain to the Nazis’assault on the children's bodies, on their ego, their superego and their identity. A brief section summarises problems of psychotherapy for child survivors and the last part deals with the consequences of Nazi ideology on the superego of Germans.

Starvation and other forms of interference with the functioning of the body deplete narcissism and destroy the will to live. Ways of rekindling of narcissism and enhancing the will to live are discussed.

The effect of persecution on the ego is manifold. The restriction of space with the ensuing inability to move freely, the breaking down of the children's sense of gravity with the ensuing inability to stand up or stretch, the loss of the sense of time, all represented an infringement on basic ego functions, acquired during early development. Outstanding among their defences were numbing of affect, splitting and identification with the aggressor or frustrator. However, child survivors developed an amazing ability to adapt to new and stressful circumstances.

The effect of the lawlessness on the superego was especially difficult for young children and adolescents. Previously acquired rules had to be abandoned and a new set of rules had to be learned, rules which sanctified stealing as means of survival. Happily, after the return of adult guidance with their own ethical values restored, children and especially adolescents rebuilt their shattered and altered superego.

The most outstanding effect of persecution was the loss of one's identity, the loss of feeling of being worthwhile and an imposition of a new religion on hidden children, who had to disavow their Jewishness to survive.

The persecution of non‐Jewish children differed from the assault on the Jewish children's identity. Jews were destined to die while others were either enslaved, made to conform or even chosen to be Germanized. Many Jewish children in hiding were raised in the spirit of Christian teachings which blamed the Jews for killing the Saviour. Treatment should aim at helping the Jewish child‐survivors to regain confidence in their own memories and to raise their shattered self‐esteem.

Lastly a short section deals with the way Nazis brought up their own children and distorted their superego. Grandiosity and taking advantage of the Jews to project their own guilt on them fostered lawlessness. It is suggested that the Nazis hated their own children whom they sent to war and killed when they were handicapped. This hatred was repressed and projected upon Jews. The Jews may have been chosen as scapegoats because they developed ethics which prohibited child sacrifice and thus rescued children from death, a tenet incompatible with an ideology that advocates child killing.
I Was a Shoah Child
Authors: Gampel Yolanda
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY. This paper deals with the struggle to live despite massive traumatic events among individuals who were children during World War Two. The material for the paper was taken from a series of interviews with Shoah child survivors who were drawn from a non‐clinical population. The interviews attempted to explore how the Shoah experience affected some of the natural expressions of feeling that are universal in childhood. More specifically, the paper focuses on crying, dreams and treasured objects. The picture which emerged from the interviews is consistent. In the face of the terrifying and traumatic reality of the Shoah, the ego of the Shoah child was forced to function automatically and without expression of feeling. Through the creation of a‘false self these children were able to function as adults, in the bodies of children, thereby enabling their survival. Inordinate capacities to struggle and to manage without the comfort of tears and teddy bears were evidenced by these child‐adults.
Christmas Crackers on the NHS
Authors: Heller Mary Brownescombe
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY. The therapist's holiday breaks always resonate with meaning for the patient; none more so than Christmas. Using the meaning of the Christmas break, set in the context of redecorating work taking place in the department ‐ with its inevitable disruptive consequences ‐ I attempt to explore and understand the symbolic significance of such holidays to the patient. In particular, to look at the more primitive, infantile psychic mechanisms that are employed to defend against the pain of separation and the loss of the therapist as a maternal holding environment.
What is Humanistic Psychotherapy?
Authors: Rowan John
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT. This paper attempts to outline the identity of the humanistic approach to psychotherapy. It does this by laying out certain characteristic themes of humanistic psychology as background, and then going on to discuss the person‐centred approach, psychodrama and Gestalt therapy, experiential psychotherapy, body work, catharsis, the transpersonal, integration and training and development. It ends by stating the boundaries with neighbouring disciplines.
Racism and Similarity: Paranoid‐Schizoid Structures
Authors: Tan Richard
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY. This paper attempts to examine the importance of exploring and interpreting in the transference the unconscious dynamics of racism as present in psychotherapeutic work; in particular, the primitive defences employed against the unfolding of racist feelings when therapist and patient are from different racial groupings. In this specific context, unless these feelings can be brought into light via transference interpretations, the therapist/patient relationship becomes stuck and very little growth can take place.
Keeping Therapy White?: Psychotherapy Trainings and Equal Opportunities
Authors: Gordon Paul
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY. This paper looks at the issue of equal opportunities for ethnic minorities as it relates to psychoanalytic psychotherapy trainings. It reports on a survey of trainings and equal opportunity policies and argues that all training organisations should examine their practices in this area and consider the adoption of formal policies aimed at the elimination of possible discrimination against ethnic minority candidates who are otherwise well qualified to train as psychotherapists.
A Psychotherapeutic Case Illustrating a Psychogenic Factor in Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS)
Authors: Freeman Ruth
Published: June 2007

Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is described as a burning sensation of the oral mucosa, tongue, palate, lips and pharynx. The case material presented in this paper illustrates a strong psychogenic element in the aetiology of BMS. Conclusions are drawn on the basis that the patient's material suggests that the recovery of memories played a part in the resolution of her symptoms. The importance this has for psychotherapists is that it allows a reappraisal of the value of using psychoanalytic constructs as a means of understanding the mental representation, symbolisation and psychopathology of conditions of a psychogenic nature.
Access to the Non‐Verbal through Modelling in the Psychoanalytic Situation
Authors: Gampel Yolanda
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY. The most archaic levels of the psyche may not be accessible through verbal forms of expression. They are retained within the body and body‐centred experiences. Pankow has developed a method of modelling with plasticine which is expressive rather than gratifying. It offers the possibility of giving form to otherwise formless areas of psychic function. We have used this method to enable patients to give form to the unexpressible layers that cannot be signified in language.
Prejudice and Homosexuality
Authors: Denman Francesca
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY. The recent psychodynamic literature on homosexuality is reviewed and a negative view is shown to remain prevalent. It is suggested that this may be the result of prejudice as opposed to simple error or to justified belief. In order to support this suggestion a theory of the origins and operation of prejudice is outlined. Next it is shown to be a consequence of this theory that prejudice should be especially likely in the domain of sexuality. Then an understanding of the psychic mechanisms which maintain prejudice is applied to a close reading of three papers concerned with homosexuality, which are shown to retain the marks of prejudice despite their compassionate and thoughtful stance. The way in which the logical distortions which mark prejudice are discernible in all three papers and operate to perpetuate some prejudices about AIDS, HIV infection, homosexuality and perversion is also shown. The prevalence of prejudices about homosexuality is noted to be especially great amongst psychodynamic therapists. It is argued that some reasons for this lie in the nature of psychoanalytic theory particularly in the way that homosexuality challenges some choices implicit within psychoanalytic theory. The parallels between this situation and that of the prejudiced individual are noted and suggestions are made for steps that might reduce prejudice in this area. Finally it is argued that the ill effects of prejudice on theory in this area are detrimental to psychoanalysis as well as to homosexuals. Prejudice and its effects are argued to be major barriers to the construction of good theory about homosexuality and, more optimistically, the work of some analysts who have questioned the prevailing attitude to homosexuality is reviewed.
Which Families Benefit from Inpatient Psychotherapeutic Work at the Cassel Hospital?
Authors: Healy Kevin , Kennedy Roger
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY. Measurements of change in family functioning during admission to the In‐Patient Families Unit at the Cassel Hospital were devised, defined, and used to compare 14 families who were seen to make beneficial changes in their functioning as a result of in‐patient treatment with 14 families who were not seen to make such a change during admission. Current family circumstances, the background histories of mothers, the quality of mothers’relationships remembered, observed, and established during admission, and other independent measures of change were significantly different between the two groups. The quality of‘internal object relationships’was identified as an important indicator of a capacity to benefit from treatment in this setting.
Am I a Kleinian? Is Anyone?
Authors: Hill John
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY. I call myself and am called a‘Kleinian’yet I often wonder what the word means so I wrote this paper to explore the issue. I describe how I first came across the term and my experience as student, patient and practising analyst over many years. In the light of this reflection what emerges is the striking disparity between the relative coherence of Kleinian thought and the wide differences between those who think it in their consulting‐room behaviour. So great is this disharmony that I conclude that there is no such thing as Kleinian analysis and discuss the reasons for and implications of this.
Assessment for Psychotherapy: Clinical Indicators of Self Cohesion and Self Pathology
Authors: Brooke Roger
Published: June 2007

For a skilful psychotherapist clinical hunches may be finely differentiated and reliable, yet the evidence on which they are based tends to remain pre‐articulate. The aim of this paper is to discuss this evidence and to organise it in terms of structural considerations regarding the cohesiveness of the self. The prognostic significance of these considerations is discussed. The complexity of the issues and the value of thinking structurally are illustrated through a clinical study.
Lacan for the Faint Hearted
Authors: Skelton Ross
Published: June 2007

This paper introduces Lacan to the psychotherapist without using his jargon. He is shown as deeply influenced by the Russian Marxist Alexander Kojeve whose charismatic seminars on Hegel Lacan attended. This helps account for his ‘global’ perspective in which we are all determined by deep social structures or that ‘language speaks us’ . Lacan also noticed Freud's writings are shot through with almost hidden uses of Figures of Speech, and this becomes the central plank in his theory that our unconscious processes coincide with the rhetorical workings of language.
Wednesday's Child: An Adult Survivor of Childhood Sexual Abuse
Authors: Fraser Lynnett
Published: June 2007

This paper examines some long‐term residues of childhood sexual abuse, drawing on relevant literature and focusing on a case study of a female patient seen three times weekly over a period of two years. I have attempted to explore the particular syndrome that is characteristic of those who have been sexually violated in childhood, by adults who also assume a position of trust. The clinical work provided evidence of the link between early maternal deprivation and vulnerability to abuse and I have illustrated my observations by emphasising the emotional context in which the abuse occurred. Specific difficulties of working with this patient are considered, including problems arising in the transference and the compulsion to repeat the traumatic experience both within and outside the therapeutic situation.
Working with a Twin: Implications for the Transference
Authors: Lewin Vivienne
Published: June 2007

The relationship between twins is based on primitive mechanisms which need to be mitigated by a containing and processing mother for adequate emotional development to take place. Where this fails, the twins remain in an arrested state of development dependent on splitting and excessive projective identification, and unable to separate. This is reflected in the transference relationship, the psychotherapist being experienced as a twin, a reflection of the patient, rather than as a container. Through intervention in the twinship via interpretation of the transference relationship, the patient may be enabled to find the psychotherapist as a processing mother and to develop a sense of self, a separate identity.
Spaces in Between
Authors: Gerrard Jackie
Published: June 2007

This paper attempts to examine ideas of space between therapist and patient, using Balint’ s and Winnicott's thinking on space in relationships and its significance in the consulting room. I use vignettes from work with four patients to give life to these theories.
There is No Such Thing as an Abused Child ‐ But There is a Phantom Hybrid of the Mind
Authors: Balbernie Robin
Published: June 2007

Winnicott's false self concept provides the starting point for an intrapersonal model of the impact and long‐term effect of abuse. Abuse creates a false self personality system which carries a circumscribed set of behaviours and attitudes directed both at self and others. It is the opposite of the reciprocally enhancing relationship he named holding.
Perfection or Preconception ‐ Some Thoughts on Reactions to Disability in the Therapist
Authors: Bliss Sonia
Published: June 2007

An unexpected setback in my professional life caused me to consider how disability in therapists may be regarded, both by fellow‐members of the psychotherapy profession and by our clients. For example, how successful can a disabled therapist be in managing an unusual body‐image in a way that may be helpful to the client? And how aware are therapists who are physically ‘normal’ of their possible ambivalence, conscious or unconscious, towards physical ‘abnormality’ in others? These issues, and others pertaining to disability in therapists, have perhaps not received much reflection from the profession and it is to draw attention to them that I present this article.
Psychotherapy in the General Practice Surgery: Working With and Without a Secure Therapeutic Frame
Authors: Launer John
Published: June 2007

Many general practices employ psychotherapists and counsellors. Some GPs have also had personal therapy and may have training in counselling or various therapies. Where different approaches are used, conflicts and rivalries can arise. This paper describes a flexible model which has helped one practice negotiate these issues. The model permits several levels of work: from opportunistic counselling in ordinary GP surgeries, to formal ‘secure‐frame’ psychotherapy. The model allows patients and practitioners to sculpt their own experiences of counselling and therapy from a variety of approaches, and allows us to combine therapeutic work with medical practice.
Reflections of Prenatal Experience in Psychoanalytic Imagery, Motifs and Process
Authors: Rucker Naomi
Published: June 2007

This paper addresses the meaning of psychological life before birth to later psychological experience as represented within the analytic process. The position is taken that residues of intra‐uterine existence inevitably colour the internalisation of post‐uterine experience. Imprints of prenatal relational patterns are brought into postnatal life as themes around which subsequent representations and imagoes are constructed. Echoes of prenatal motifs can be heard in the associations and modes of relatedness that are illuminated in the process of adult psychoanalysis. The experimental and theoretical literatures relevant to this premise are reviewed and clinical illustrations are provided.
The Value of Psychotherapy Francesca Denman
Authors: Denman Francesca
Published: June 2007

Current research into Psychotherapy outcomes is reviewed in so far as it bears on the information needed to evaluate the value of purchasing psychotherapy services. Three aspects of psychotherapeutic treatment are discussed separately: efficacy (does it work), efficiency (how well does it work) and acceptability (how ‘nice’ or ‘nasty’ is it to take). It is argued that the existing research supports a cautious but positive assessment on all these aspects.
The Clinical Usefulness of Gestalt Therapy
Authors: Tillett Richard
Published: June 2007

This paper reviews the characteristics of Gestalt therapy and links these with its clinical usefulness as one of the range of available psychotherapies.
What's Happening to Mourning?
Authors: Craib Ian
Published: June 2007

The paper attempts to show the way in which psychotherapy can become caught up in wider social processes that change the meaning of psychotherapeutic work in a way of which we are not always aware. The process of mourning is taken as an example; the classic theories of mourning are examined and the way they have changed over the last thirty years is discussed. It is argued that the changes have been a product of social change rather than a deeper understanding of grief, and that unless we are aware of this, psychotherapy can turn into an instrument of social control.
Scotoma: The Journey into the Dark
Authors: Gardiner Margaret
Published: June 2007

The uncovering of a bizarre and frightening self‐wounding symptom in a borderline patient led the writer to explore some possible significances – both concrete and metaphorical – of the eyes in clinical work. Melanie Klein's concept of scotomisation, a very primitive form of defence, is used to shed light upon the case material. Either the darkness alters ‐ Or something in the sight Adjusts itself to midnight. (Emily Dickinson)
On Touching a Patient
Authors: Rosenberg Viqui
Published: June 2007

This paper explores the conflicting as well as complementary relation between interpretation and touch in psychotherapy. It attempts to make sense of a clinical experience in which the change of orientation and framework undergone by the therapist in the course of a patient's treatment provided an opportunity for the therapeutic relationship to move from a body‐therapy approach to a psychoanalytic one. It suggests that this particular experience may offer opportunities for discussing some problems encountered in the field of clinical practice.
The Inpatient Psychotherapy of a Mother and Child at the Cassel Hospital: A Case of Munchausen's Syndrome by Proxy
Authors: Coombe Paul
Published: June 2007

This account of the inpatient psychoanalytic psychotherapy of a mother and child at the Cassel Hospital, London is of a serious case of so‐called ‘Munchausen's syndrome by proxy’. The mother presented two of her children to medical staff with complaints which were later found to be due to her chronic poisoning of them, by salt administration, which narrowly missed causing their death. It is an account of a treatment using both individual and group analytic methods in a psychoanalytic therapeutic community. Attention is drawn to the mother's use of projective identification defensively and malignantly in a concrete fashion and its gradual conversion into a more benign agent. The function of the institution as a container is described, and comment is made on the experience of working with severe cases of child abuse.
Othello ‐ Faith and Doubt in the Good Object
Authors: Bishop Bernardine
Published: June 2007

This paper considers Shakespeare's tragedy of Othello as a symbolic enactment of intrapsychic life. The developmental movement from the paranoid‐schizoid to the depressive position and from narcissistic love, arising from the investment of parts of the self in another person, to real, interpersonal love, is arrested and finally ruined by the agency of a split‐off lago element in the personality. Faith in the good object is thereby perverted into doubt. The mechanisms whereby this happens are discussed in terms of Othello's devaluation of Desdemona in the growing presence of pathological processes.
Postmodernism and its Discontents: Therapeutic Discourse
Authors: Parker Ian
Published: June 2007

This paper explores the ways in which psychoanalytic conceptions of self and personal change suffuse culture and so frame the activities of psychotherapists. It is argued that the modern culture which gave issue to psychoanalysis has mutated in recent years into what some writers have termed ‘postmodernity’, and that psychoanalytic notions have also changed. The conceptual device of the ‘discursive complex’ is used to trace how themes of ‘intellectualization’, ‘transference’ and ‘trauma’ which organize modern therapeutic discourse have been augmented, through the development of new forms of communication technology, by postmodern themes of ‘the Symbolic’, ‘Che Vuoi’ and ‘enigmatic signifiers’.
Unravelling Countertransference
Authors: Wright Laurie Jo
Published: June 2007

In this paper I will be looking at the nature of the transference relationship, and asking whether it can be seen as a template for understanding other relationships outside the analytical setting. I will be positing the idea that there are relationships with profound similarities to the analytic relationship in areas as diverse as the creative arts and family generations. It is my feeling that through a close inspection of creative transference relationships, such as the relationship between a reader and a text, we can begin to understand how dyadic transference relations are formed and acted out. I am also hoping to show that through other transference relationships we can learn to interpret and analyse the feelings of countertransference. I am suggesting that transference and countertransference feelings are not restricted to the analytical setting.
Changes in Health Service Utilization by Patients with Severe Personality Disorders before and after Inpatient Psychosocial Treatment
Authors: Chiesa Marco , Lacoponi Eduardo , Morris Mark
Published: June 2007

Patients with chronic and severe personality disorders place heavy demands on Health and Social Services. In this paper we present the findings of a research study which evaluated the impact of specialized inpatient psychosocial treatment on patterns of Health Service utilization in patients referred for admission to the Cassel Hospital. The comparison between a pre‐treatment and a post‐treatment sample showed a significant decrease in the use of medical, surgical and psychiatric services in the year following discharge from the hospital. We also found that the post‐treatment group relied less on the use of psychotropic medication, on cigarette and alcohol consumption, while the employment rate was increased. This paper adds to the already substantial scientific literature to show that psychotherapy and psychosocial forms of treatment make economic sense, as well as improving the psychological health of patients.
THE ANALYST IN THE COUNTING HOUSE: MONEY AS SYMBOL AND REALITY IN ANALYSIS
Authors: Haynes Jane , Wiener Jan
Published: June 2007

The paper focuses on the ways in which many analysts have neglected their conscious and unconscious feelings about money to the detriment of their own individuation in this area. The authors highlight reasons why there is a tendency to project most of the pathology about money onto patients and emphasize the failure of training institutions to provide adequate conditions in which their members can reflect upon and integrate their money complexes. Using two clinical vignettes where money was a central issue between analyst and patient, the usefulness of Jung's concept of the shadow is illustrated. The activation of the mercurial collective aspects of the shadow which promote the avoidance of consciousness in relation to money is explored.
RACE AND COLOUR IN INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL REALITY
Authors: Timimi Sami B.
Published: June 2007

To understand the psychological origins and impact of racism, two assumptions are proposed. The first is that racism develops out of internal paranoid schizoid splits. The second relates to the manner in which these splits are organized. The history of racial exploitation provides powerful projection highways that can be used to maintain these internal splits. Reciprocal projective identification between internal and external white part‐objects and internal and external black part‐objects locates desirable aspects of the self in white objects and undesirable aspects in black objects. Some of the resulting complex defences and identifications are illustrated using case material.
Experimental Investigation of the Fluid Motion in a Cylinder Driven by a Flat-Plate Impeller
Authors: Bohl Douglas
Published: June 2007

The flow field in a cylindrical container driven by a flat-bladed impeller was investigated using particle image velocimetry (PIV). A range of Reynolds numbers (0.005–7200), based on the container radius rw, were investigated using four Newtonian fluids: water (Re=7200,6800), 85/15 glycerin/water mixture (Re=108), pure glycerin (Re=8), and corn syrup (Re=0.02,0.005). Two impellers with a radius of 0.43rw and 0.95rw were used to drive the flow. The 0.43rw impeller was shown to generate a vortex near the tip of the blades. The peak magnitude of the vortices and the size of the vortices in the radial direction decreased with increasing Reynolds number. Additionally, the vortex generated at the high Reynolds number was unsteady with a trailing shear layer that periodically shed vorticity into the flow field. The structure of the flow in the region between the blade and the cylinder wall showed a Reynolds number dependence, though the two lowest Reynolds number (0.02 and 8) flows investigated had quantitatively similar flow structures. These cases were found to have a closed region of reverse flow between the blade tip and the cylinder wall. No recirculating flow was indicated for the Re=108 and 7200 cases. These data indicate that there may be a critical condition below which there is little dependence in the flow structure on the Reynolds number.
Effect of Turbulence Intensity and Periodic Unsteady Wake Flow Condition on Boundary Layer Development, Separation, and Reattachment Along the Suction Surface of a Low-Pressure Turbine Blade
Authors: Öztürk B. , Schobeiri M. T.
Published: June 2007

This paper experimentally investigates the individual and combined effects of periodic unsteady wake flows and freestream turbulence intensity (FSTI) on flow separation along the suction surface of a low-pressure turbine blade. The experiments were carried out at a Reynolds number of 110,000 based on the suction surface length and the cascade exit velocity. The experimental matrix includes freestream turbulence intensities of 1.9%, 3.0%, 8.0%, and 13.0%, and three different unsteady wake frequencies with the steady inlet flow as the reference configuration. Detailed boundary layer measurements are performed along the suction surface of a highly loaded turbine blade with a separation zone. Particular attention is paid to the aerodynamic behavior of the separation zone at different FSTIs at steady and periodic unsteady flow conditions. The objective of the research is (i) to quantify the effect of FSTIs on the dynamics of the separation bubble at steady inlet flow conditions and (ii) to investigate the combined effects of Tuin and the unsteady wake flow on the behavior of the separation bubble.
Gas–Solid Particle Flow in Horizontal Channels: Decomposition of the Particle-Phase Flow and Interparticle Collision Effects
Authors: Kartushinsky Alexander , Michaelides Efstathios E.
Published: June 2007

This paper examines the turbulent flow of heavy particles in horizontal channels and pipes. Calculations for the fluid are performed within an Eulerian frame of reference, while the particulate phase is considered as several continuous polydisperse media, each constituting a separate phase. The interparticle collisions include two mechanisms: collisions with sliding friction and collisions without sliding friction. The collisions of particles are accounted for, by collisions due to the difference in the average and fluctuating velocities of the several particulate fractions. This work introduces an original model for the closure for the mass and momentum equations based on the collisions as well as an original description of the particle motion in a horizontal channel, by introducing the decomposition of the particle-phase motion into two types of particle phases: falling and rebounding particles. The decomposition allows the correct calculation of the influence of the wall on the motion of particles.
The Application of an Aerodynamic Shroud for Axial Ventilation Fans
Authors: Neal D. R. , Foss J. F.
Published: June 2007

An experimental investigation of an aerodynamic shroud applied to an axial ventilation fan system is reported. The aerodynamic shroud consists of a pressurized plenum and Coanda attachment surface, which also serves as the shroud for the fan. This combination delivers a curved surface wall jet of high momentum air into the tip region of the fan and subsequently into the downstream diffuser region. Simultaneous improvements of performance and efficiency were found for a specific fan geometry with an aerodynamic shroud system when compared with a standard production fan (no shroud) system. Overall, the addition of the aerodynamic shroud was able to increase the system flowrate by 34% while simultaneously improving the efficiency by 13%. A higher efficiency condition (+17%) was also found that resulted in a somewhat lower improvement in flow rate (+23%). These results clearly show that the best blade design for the aerodynamic shroud system is different than the best blade design for a system that does not include the aerodynamic shroud. Particle image velocimetry measurements made at the exit plane of the system’s diffuser provide insight into the mechanistic basis for the performance measurements.
Numerical Investigation of Liquid-Liquid Coaxial Flows
Authors: Vempati Bhadraiah , Panchagnula Mahesh V. , Öztekin Alparslan , Neti Sudhakar
Published: June 2007

This paper presents numerical results of the interfacial dynamics of axisymmetric liquid-liquid flows when the denser liquid is injected with a parabolic inlet velocity profile into a coflowing lighter fluid. The flow dynamics are studied as a function of the individual phase Reynolds numbers, viscosity ratio, velocity ratio, Bond number, and capillary number. Unsteady, axisymmetric flows of two immiscible fluids have been studied using commercial software, FLUENT® with the combination of volume of fluid (VOF) and continuous surface force (CSF) methods. The flows have been categorized as “flow-accelerated regime (FAR) and “flow-decelerated regime” (FDR) based on acceleration/deceleration of the injected fluid. The injected jet diameter decreases when the average inlet velocity ratio is less than unity. The outer fluid velocity has a significant effect on the shape and evolution of the jet as it progresses downstream. As the outer liquid flow rate is increased, the intact jet length is stretched to longer lengths while the jet radius is reduced due to interfacial stresses. The jet radius appears to increase with increasing viscosity ratio and ratio of Bond and capillary numbers. The results of numerical simulations using FLUENT agree well with experimental measurements and the far-field self-similar solution.
A Numerical Tool for the Design/Analysis of Dual-Cavitating Propellers
Authors: Young Y. L. , Shen Y. T.
Published: June 2007

The motivation of this work is to develop a numerical tool to explore a new propeller design with dual-cavitating characteristics, i.e., one that is capable of operating efficiently at low speeds in subcavitating (fully wetted) mode and at high speeds in the supercavitating mode. To compute the hydrodynamic performance, a three-dimensional (3D) potential-based boundary element method (BEM) is presented. The BEM is able to predict complex cavitation patterns and blade forces on fully submerged and partially submerged propellers in subcavitating, partially cavitating, fully cavitating, and ventilated conditions. To study the hydroelastic characteristic of potential designs, the 3D BEM is coupled with a 3D finite element method (FEM) to compute the blade stresses, deflections, and dynamic characteristics. An overview of the formulation for both the BEM and FEM is presented. The numerical predictions are compared to experimental measurements for the well-known Newton Rader (NR) three-bladed propeller series with varying pitch and blade area ratios. Comparison of the performance of the Newton Rader blade section to conventional blade sections is presented.
Cosserat Modeling of Turbulent Plane-Couette and Pressure-Driven Channel Flows
Authors: Moosaie Amin , Atefi Gholamali
Published: June 2007

The theory of micropolar fluids based on a Cosserat continuum model is utilized for analysis of two benchmarks, namely, plane-Couette and pressure-driven channel flows. In the obtained theoretical velocity distributions, some new terms have appeared in addition to linear and parabolic distributions of classical fluid mechanics based on the Navier-Stokes equations. Utilizing the principles of irreversible thermodynamics, a new dissipative boundary condition is developed for angular velocity at flat plates by taking the couple-stress vector into account. The obtained results for the velocity profiles have been compared to results of recent and classical experiments. This paper demonstrates that continuum mechanical theories of higher orders, for instance Cosserat model, are able to describe a complex phenomenon, such as hydrodynamic turbulence, more precisely.
Distribution of Radioactivity in Bone and Related Structures following Administration of [
14
C]Dalbavancin to New Zealand White Rabbits
Authors: Solon Eric G. , Dowell James A. , Lee Jonghui , King S. Peter , Damle Bharat D.
Published: June 2007

Penetration of dalbavancin into noninfected bone and joint tissues was assessed after an intravenous dose of 20 mg/kg (of body weight) [
14
C]dalbavancin given to rabbits. Drug-derived radioactivity, determined over 14 days by either liquid scintillation counting or autoradiography, remained above the MIC for common gram-positive pathogens that cause bone and joint infections.
Rapid Dissemination and Diversity of CTX-M Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Genes in Commensal
Escherichia coli
Isolates from Healthy Children from Low-Resource Settings in Latin America
Authors: Pallecchi Lucia , Bartoloni Alessandro , Fiorelli Costanza , Mantella Antonia , Di Maggio Tiziana , Gamboa Herlan , Gotuzzo Eduardo , Kronvall Göran , Paradisi Franco , Rossolini Gian Maria
Published: June 2007

A survey carried out in 2005 among members of a healthy population of children living in Bolivia and Peru revealed that fecal carriage of
Escherichia coli
strains resistant to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins was remarkably increased compared to that observed in the same settings in 2002 (1.7% in 2005 versus 0.1% in 2002). In this work, we demonstrated that this phenomenon was mainly related to the dissemination of CTX-M-type extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) determinants among commensal
E. coli
strains. Of 50 ESBL-producing isolates collected in the 2005 survey, 44 harbored a CTX-M-type and 6 an SHV-type (SHV-2 or SHV-12) ESBL. Compared to 2002 results, an increased diversity of CTX-M-type ESBLs was also observed: members of the CTX-M-1 group (CTX-M-15) emerged in Bolivia (where only CTX-M-2 was observed in 2002), while members of the CTX-M-9 group (CTX-M-14 and CTX-M-24) emerged in Peru (where only CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-2 were observed in 2002). A new CTX-M-2 variant named CTX-M-56 was also detected. Molecular characterization of the CTX-M-producing isolates and gene transfer experiments suggested that different mechanisms could be involved in the spreading of different CTX-M group determinants and revealed that additional resistance determinants for non-β-lactam antibiotics were preferentially carried by plasmids encoding certain CTX-M variants (CTX-M-15 and variants of the CTX-M-2 group). Three CTX-M-15-encoding conjugative plasmids from Peruvian isolates carried the new fluoroquinolone resistance gene
aac(6
′
)-Ib-cr
. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of the detection of
aac(6
′
)-Ib-cr
in Latin America.