bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Choriocarcinoma syndrome of primary pulmonary choriocarcinoma after lung lobe resection: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Chen Chen , Zhao Pei , Liu Zhenjun , Lu Song , Ji Juan , Li Xiuli , Zhao Qian
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Primary pulmonary choriocarcinoma (PPC) is extremely rare, especially in males. It is characterized by a poor response to therapy and shortened survival times. Here, we report a PPC case which was complicated by choriocarcinoma syndrome (CS) and a review of the literature.Case presentation: A 59-year-old man with 30-pack-year smoking history was referred to our hospital because of hemoptysis and chest pain. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) showed multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules and multiple metastases throughout the body. The patient underwent single-port thoracoscopic wedge resection of the right lung upper lobe. Histological examinations verified the diagnosis of choriocarcinoma. Three days after the operation, the patient developed massive hemoptysis. A bronchoscopic examination showed bleeding from the bilateral main bronchus. Despite management in the intensive care unit (ICU), the patient died two weeks after surgery. Conclusions: A rapid and correct diagnosis of PPC is necessary. When the patient has massive hemoptysis, we should be alert to the occurrence of CS. Surgery and modified chemotherapy, based on the physical condition of the patient, may currently be the best therapy for PPC.
Study of groundwater salinity in the HAHA syncline by the Kohonen self-organized classification (Essaouira, Morocco)
Authors: Ouzerbane Zakaria , Loulida Soumia , Hmaidi Abdellah El , Essahlaoui Ali , Boughalem Mostafia , Ousmana Habiba , Berrada Mohamed
Published: March 2021

The coastal aquifer of the Essaouira syncline (Morocco) was studied to identify the main processes at the origin of the salinization of groundwater. In fact, a multicriteria analysis approach on hydrochemical data and physicochemical parameters of the Plio-Quaternary aquifer was used to understand their spatio-temporal variation and their origins. Currently, integrated water resources management has become paramount to both local, regional, national and international. This management is favored by extreme hydrological events (droughts or floods) which can have direct influences on human, economic and political aspects. Appropriate management of a resource requires its evaluation. The statistical study by Kohonen's self-organized classification (SOM) of hydrochemical data for the years 1995 and 2009 is used to process 47 samples distributed over the entire study area; it showed an evolution of the values of the parameters. Physico-chemical as a function of time and space with an increase in the values of the parameters, from the center of the study area towards the southwest.
Cost-effectiveness of Insecticide-treated wall liner and indoor residual spraying as additions to insecticide-treated bed nets to prevent malaria: findings from cluster randomized trials in Tanzania
Authors: Mpangala Kihombo Robert , Halasa-Rappel Yara A. , Mohamed Mohamed Seif , Mnzava Ruth C. , Mkuza Kaseem J. , Mangesho Peter E. , Kisinza William N. , Mugasa Joseph P. , Messenger Louisa A. , Mtove George , Kihombo Aggrey R. , Shepard Donald S.
Published: March 2021

Background: Despite substantial progress and widespread use of insecticidal bed nets, malaria caused 409,000 deaths in 2019. An established supplemental technology, indoor residual spraying (IRS), is moderately expensive and logistically challenging. It must be applied just before the rainy season(s) and potentially requires multiple reapplications per year in endemic areas. A new technology, insecticide treated wall liner (ITWL), might overcome these challenges.Methods: We conducted a 44-cluster two-arm randomized controlled trial in Muheza, Tanzania from 2015-2016 to evaluate the cost and efficacy of a non-pyrethroid ITWL to supplement long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). We estimated the efficacy (with 95% confidence interval) of IRS as a supplement to LLINs from a published randomized trial in Muleba, Tanzania and the Global Burden of Diseases Study. We obtained per capita financial costs of IRS in mainland Tanzania from published reports and conducted a household survey of a similar IRS program near Muleba to determine household costs. We amortized ITWL costs over four years (its expected lifetime). We converted all costs (products, program operation, and household time) to 2019US$ using Tanzania’s GDP deflator and market exchange rates.Results. Ninety days after completing the installation of ITWL in 5,666 households, the randomized trial was terminated prematurely. Cone bioassay tests showed that ITWL no longer killed mosquitoes and therefore could not prevent malaria. The ITWL cost $10.11 per person per year compared to $5.69 for IRS. With an efficacy of 57% (3%-81%), IRS averted 1,162 (61-1,651) disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per person per year. Its incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per DALY averted was $490 (45% of Tanzania’s per capita gross national income).Conclusions. These findings provide design specifications for a future ITWL to be useful. It would need to be more effective and/or less costly than IRS so more persons could be protected with a given budget. Results from a previous trial in Kenya, economies of scale and competition, as occurred with insecticide treated bed nets, strengthened community engagement, and more efficient installation and management procedures, all offer promise of achieving these goals. These features suggest that ITWLs merit ongoing study.Trial first posted: 2015 (NCT02533336)
A refuge for threatened sea grasses (Zostera asiatica Miki and Phyllospadix iwatensis Makino) at the islands Iturup and Urup of Kuril archipelago
Authors: Iurmanov Anton , Popov Igor
Published: March 2021

Survey of sea grasses at the coasts of Urup and Iturup islands of Kuril archipelago has been fulfilled. Three species have been found – Zostera marina L., Zostera asiatica Miki and Phyllospadix iwatensis Makino. The last two species are of particular interest as they are threatened and distributed over relatively small area. Unlike the habitats of the main part of their range located at the coasts of Japan and Korea, the habitats of the studied islands do not suffer from anthropogenic pressure. The discovered northern refuge is significant for the sea grasses conservation. Current global warming and increasing anthropogenic pressure on the southern habitat would increase its significance.
Analysis of the modulation depth of some femtosecond laser pulses in holographic interferometry
Authors: Benzehoua Halima , Dalil-Essakali Latifa , Belafhal Abdelmajid
Published: March 2021

On the basis of the modulation depth in the interference and holographic processes, we discuss in this paper the quality of holograms generated by some femtosecond laser pulses of two different colors. The modulation depth in terms of the fringe contrast (MDFC ratio) of Higher-order sh- and ch-Gaussian temporal profiles (shnGTP and chnGTP) are investigated in detail. It’s shown that, when we use two lasers having a very large frequency detuning, the shnGTP exhibit more precise results than the Gaussian beams for holography. shnGTP give new areas of frequency detuning to realize the very significant value of the MDFC ratio for obtaining better holograms, which is impossible with Gaussian beams. It also permits flexibility in the variable frequency difference and pulse duration for good quality holograms, and in the case of the chnGTP, null regions develop and frequency bands are observed favoring the formation of the holograms. The numerical simulations are presented to illustrate and discuss the influence of the frequency detuning, the beam order and the controller parameter of the waves on the modulation depths. The propose theory will be a good basis for the development of some new experiments on the holographic interferometry and it will certainly be very useful for the specialists of the studied femtosecond laser pulses.
Dynamic Assessment of Sustainable Manufacturing Capability Based on Correlation Relationship for Industrial Cloud Robotics
Authors: Tian Sisi , Xie Xiaotong , Xu Wenjun , Liu Jiayi , Zhang Xiaomei
Published: March 2021

The industrial cloud robotics (ICRs) integrates distributed industrial robot resources in various places to support complex task processing for multi-resource service requirements, and manufacturing capability assessment is the key link in determining the optimal service composition to realize the value-added of ICRs resources. However, the traditional evaluation method ignores the positive and negative cooperative effects of the manufacturing capability correlation among the robot individuals on the overall manufacturing capability of the ICRs composition. In addition, the problems of excessive resource consumption and serious environmental pollution in the manufacturing industry are becoming increasingly serious. The paper proposes a dynamic assessment method of sustainable manufacturing capability for ICRs based on the correlation relationship to solve above problems. Firstly, an extensible multi-dimensional indicator system of sustainable manufacturing capability is constructed. Then, multiple composition correlation relationships among ICRs are analyzed to establish the correlation assessment model. Furthermore, a set of dynamic evaluation methods is proposed, in which the evaluation indicators raw data is processed based on the service correlation model and the traditional network analytic network process method is improved based on the data correlation model. Finally, a case study is implemented to show the reasonability and effectiveness of the proposed method in assessment of sustainable manufacturing capability for ICRs.
N, P, and COD conveyed by urban runoff: a comparative research between a city and a town in the Taihu Basin
Authors: Zhao Li , Liu Xiaodong , Wang Peng , Hua Zulin , Zhang Yuan , Xue Hongqin
Published: March 2021

Stormwater runoff containing various pollutants exerts adverse effects on receiving water bodies and deteriorates the urban aquatic environment. Although numerous studies have been conducted on runoff pollution, research comparing its characteristics in cities with those in towns is rare in the literature. To close this gap, the present study was conducted. The outflow concentration and peak value of N in the town were higher than those in the city in most conditions (at 75% and 67%, respectively). The second peak value of P in the town was higher and occurred earlier than the city. EMCs of TN and DTN in the town were 20%–60% (10%–50%) higher than those in the city. DTP accounted for 76.9%–83.3% of the total P (TP) in the town, which was generally higher than the city values of 50%–87.5%. According to our results, road runoff in the town contributed more to urban aquatic pollution, thus further research should concentrate on this particular type of runoff.
Structural Equation Modeling (SEM): Gaming Disorder Mediating Untreated Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder to Disruptive Mood Dysregulation
Authors: Tzang Ruu-Fen , Chang Chuian-Hsin , Chang Yue -Cune
Published: March 2021

Background: When a youth was addicted in gaming, they became dysregulation with their mood especially for those youth with untreated Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD. So far, how internet gaming disorder (IGD) mediating the pathways leading ADHD to emotional dys-function are not entirely clear. This study aims to use structural equation modeling (SEM) analyze to elucidate the direct or indirect influence of gaming behavior on ADHD youth. Method: The Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, Version IV questionnaire (SNAP-IV) was used to measure symptoms of ADHD and Oppositional Defiant disorder (ODD). The Chen Gaming disorder Scale (CIAS) was used to test for Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) and ADHD, ODD, and disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) was diagnosed by a psychiatrist. Result: Total 102 ADHD youth, 53 (52%) of them suffering from IGD were significantly more likely to have bad interpersonal relationships (p < 0.01) and mood dysregulation and gaming disorder (p < 0.01 and < 0.001) than non-gaming addicted ADHD youth. Under the mediating role of Gaming indirectly, ADHD youth had increasing risk of mood dysregulation. Conclusions: Untreated ADHD youth with over gaming may develop emotional dysregulation. The intensive ADHD and IGD intervention were warranted to recent ADHD youth with Gaming Disorder.
Site selection for municipal solid waste landfills in arid regions based on fuzzy decision-making：A Case Study in the Hexi Corridor of China
Authors: Liu Jiamin , Xiao Bin , Li Yueshi , Wang Xiaoyun , Jiao Jizong , Bi Jian
Published: March 2021

The rational and scientific selection of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) landfill sites is becoming increasingly important, due to the continuous growth of MSW worldwide. Multi-source information is employed to ensure the accuracy of the evaluation criteria, including hydrogeological, morphological, environmental, climatic and socio-economic data. In the fuzzy logic environment, a Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and GIS spatial technique have been utilized to locate potential landfill sites. Landfill Site Selection Results (LSSR) were divided into three categories: suitable, less suitable, and unsuitable. Suitable areas were further divided into high, moderate, and low levels. We used the field investigations of 28 standardized landfill sites in the Hexi Corridor of China that comply with the China National Standard (CNS) to verify the LSSR. These sites are then ranked utilizing group fuzzy MULTIMOORA. These methods were more feasible and accurate in assessing the suitability of MSW landfills. The highlights of our methods were as follows: (1) The uncertainty of AHP expert scoring reduced by employing the fuzzy membership function, and the decision efficiency of spatial analysis improved as well. (2) Verification results showed that the main LSSR met the CNS perfectly and located suitable areas, with an accuracy of 93% (26 out of 28 sites). (3) In the highly suitable areas, 11 candidate areas were selected for the MSW landfill site construction in the Hexi Corridor. Furthermore, technical countermeasures for the standardized management of MSW landfills were proposed for the Hexi Corridor, which is critical for ecological/environmental protection.
Numerical study of heat and mass transfer of a wall containing micro-encapsulated phase change concrete (PCC)
Authors: lajimi nour , taher Nour Ben , Boukadida Noureddine
Published: March 2021

The aim of this work is to study the one-dimensional heat and mass transfer through a ceiling wall containing micro-encapsulated PCC (phase change concrete) under realistic climatic conditions based on meteorological data in Tunisia based on software EnergyPlus. This work deals with a numerical study based on the nodal method to predict the effect of integration of a layer of PCC on the thermal, mass behavior and on the thermal sensation of the occupant as well as on the reduction of the energy consumption for the summer and winter period associated with the composite envelope building.
Nonlinear Interaction of Elliptical q-Gaussian Laser Beams with Plasmas with Axial Density Ramp: Effect of Ponderomotive Force
Authors: Gupta Naveen , Kumar Sandeep
Published: March 2021

Theoretical investigation on optical self action effects of intense q-Gaussian laser beams interaction with collisionless plasmas with axial density ramp have been investigated in detail. Emphasis are put on investigating the dynamics of beam width and axial phase of the laser beam. Effect of the ellipticity of the cross section of the laser beam also has been incorporated. Using variational theory based on Lagrangian formulation nonlinear partial differential equation (P.D.E) governing the evolution of beam amplitude has been reduced to a set of coupled ordinary differential equations for the beam widths of the laser beam along the transverse directions. The evolution equation for the axial phase of the laser beam has been obtained by the Fourier transform of the amplitude structure of the laser beam from coordinate space to (kx; ky) space. The differential equations so obtained have been solved numerically to envision the effect of laser-plasma parameters on the propagation dynamics of the laser beam.
Association between the level of plasma B-type natriuretic peptide and in-hospital mortality in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD without a history of coronary ischemic heart disease: a retrospective study
Authors: Cui Jiyun , Liu Jie , Wang Jing , Lv Meng , Xing Chunyan , Chu Yanbiao
Published: March 2021

Background: Previous studies suggested that plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) level was often elevated in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and was associated with increased mortality. However, most studies did not consider the fact that conditions such as coronary ischemic heart disease can also increase BNP level. Therefore, we aimed to explore the association between BNP level and in-hospital mortality in patients with AECOPD without a history of coronary ischemic heart disease.Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, patients who were diagnosed with AECOPD using International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Nineth Revision (ICD-9 codes) between January 2017 and December 2019. All data were obtained from electronic patient files and medical data intelligence platform of Jinan Central Hospital. BNP level was determined within 24 hours after admission, and the value was log2 transformed. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, and the secondary outcome was a composite outcome of in-hospital mortality or invasive mechanical ventilation.Results: A total of 300 patients were included in this study. Univariate cox regression analysis showed that the unadjusted HRs of the primary and secondary outcomes were 1.85 (95% CI, 1.39-2.47) and 1.45 (95% CI, 1.20-1.75), respectively. After adjustment for age, sex, past medical history, smoking status, drinking status, CURB65 (Confusion, Urea > 7mmol/L, Respiratory rate≥30/min, Blood pressure systolic < 90 mmHg or diastolic <60 mmHg and age > 65 years), arterial partial pressure of O2(PaO2), the adjusted HRs of the primary and secondary outcomes were 3.65 (95% CI, 2.54-5.26) and 1.43 (95% CI, 1.14-1.97), respectively. The results of subgroup analysis by age, sex, and lung function were robust. This study was retrospective, so there was no clinical trial registration.Conclusions: The plasma log2BNP level was significantly associated with in-hospital mortality and a composite outcome of in-hospital mortality or invasive mechanical ventilation.
Biological assessment of contaminated shooting range soil using earthworm biomarkers
Authors: Česynaitė Jūratė , Praspaliauskas Marius , Pedišius Nerijus , Sujetoviene Gintare
Published: March 2021

The contamination in shooting range soils is widely know ecological problem around the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the toxic effects of contaminated shooting range soil on physiological and biochemical endpoints of Eisenia fetida . A shooting range located in Alytus, Lithuania was chosen as a object to assess the site–specific soil toxicity to earthworm E. fetida . The elevated concentrations of Pb, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Zn in soil was found along with lower organic matter content and higher soil density, especially closer to the target line. Significant weight loss was observed in earthworms exposed to soil of the most contaminated shooting range site. Significantly higher concentrations of Pb, Cu, Fe, Ni, Sb was determined in the tissues of adult worms from the very end of the shooting range. No juveniles were observed in the most contaminated soil, higher concentrations of Pb, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn were found in the tissues of juveniles exposed to the contaminated soil of study sites were concentrations of lead were lower compared to the most contaminated site, but higher compared to control. Exposure to contaminated soil caused antioxidant system alterations and lipid peroxidation. It was observed a compensatory mechanism between the activities of GR and glutathione S-transferase (GST) under trace elements induced toxicity.
Unveiling the key factor for the phase reconstruction and exsolved metallic particle distribution in perovskites
Authors: Kim Hyunmin , Lim Chasung , Kwon Ohhun , Jeong Hu Young , Choi Sihyuk , Han Jeong Woo , Kim Guntae
Published: March 2021

The exsolution of transition metals in perovskite oxides has been actively researched for intelligent catalyst design in energy-related applications. To significantly increase the amount of exsolved particles, the complete phase reconstruction from simple perovskite to Ruddlesden-Popper (R-P) perovskite is greatly desirable. However, a comprehensive understanding of key parameters affecting the phase reconstruction to R-P perovskite is still unexplored. Herein, the oxygen vacancy formation energies (Evf-O) from PrO and TO2 in Pr0.5(Ba/Sr)0.5TO3-δ (T = Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) are proposed as the important factor in determining the type of phase reconstruction in perovskites. Furthermore, using in-situ temperature & environment-controlled X-ray diffraction measurements, we mapped out the phase diagram and found the optimum ‘x’ range required for the complete phase reconstruction to R-P perovskite (x ≥ 0.3) in Pr0.5Ba0.5-xSrxFeO3-δ (PBSF) system. Among PBSF, the (Pr0.5Ba0.2Sr0.3)2FeO4+δ – Fe metal (R-PBSF30) has the smallest size of exsolved Fe metal particles when the phase reconstruction occurs from simple perovskite under reducing condition. The exsolved nano-Fe metal particles exhibited high particle density and are well-distributed on the perovskite surface, showing great catalytic activity in fuel cell mode (1.23 W cm-2 at 800 oC) and high syngas production by co-electrolysis of CO2 and H2O (–1.62 A cm-2 at 1.5 V, 800 oC).
Distribution characteristics, pollution assessment, and source identification of heavy metals in soils around a landfill-farmland multi-source hybrid district
Authors: Liu Honghua , Wang Yuan , Dong Jie , Cao Lixue , Yu Lili , Xin Jia
Published: March 2021

Heavy metal pollution is one of the negative impacts deriving from municipal solid waste landfills. Due to the multiple pollution transport pathways (including leachate, runoff, and waste gas) and complex and co-existing potential pollution sources (such as agricultural activities) around landfills, a combination of different pollution assessment methods and source identification tools are required to address pollution distribution and potential risks. In this study, the distribution of eight heavy metals (chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg)) around a landfill were analyzed using 60 topsoil samples. There are no environmental pollution and human carcinogenic risk posed by the heavy metals for the time being. However, high concentration of Cr in soil would cause non-carcinogenic risk for adults in the study area. Besides, the geo-accumulation indices of Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, As, and Hg confirmed anthropogenic accumulation of these heavy metals in soils. Additionally, the potential ecological risk index indicated that Hg posed considerable risk to the eco-environment around the landfill. Sources of the heavy metals in the study area were attributed to natural sources (22.1%), agricultural activities (27.6%), and the landfill (50.3%). As the greatest contributor, the landfill affected heavy metal distribution in nearby surface soils mainly via surface runoff and waste gas. The continuous accumulation of heavy metals and non-carcinogenic risk for adults suggests the necessity for continuous monitoring of heavy metal content and migration around the landfill. This study provides a reference for local authorities in the study area.
A Simple, Precise, and High-Speed Die Edge Detection Framework for the Semiconductor Industry
Authors: Tan Xiao Jian , Leow Wai Zhe , Cheor Wai Loon
Published: March 2021

This paper presents an automated high-speed die edge detection method that is meant to be implemented in non-destructive die-level defects inspection in the semiconductor industry. This paper specifically aims to achieve high accuracy (or yield) of greater than 99.95% with stable performance within a short computation time (i.e., less than 30 ms), provided the targeted unit-per-hour (UPH) is at 30,000. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method, the proposed method is validated using three production units (i.e., Production units A: 6000 units; Production unit B: 3500 units; Production unit C: 4000 units) and is benchmarked to two common edge detection methods that are widely implemented in the semiconductor industry nowadays (i.e., cross-correlation and normalized cross-correlation methods). The results obtained show that the proposed method is capable to perform die edge detection with promising accuracy and stable performance by achieving 100.0% yield in all three production units and outperformed the benchmarking methods. Also, the overall computation time (considering die edge detection and die rotation) of the proposed method is short, which is approximately 30 ms.
Antibiotics prescription for targeted therapy of pediatric invasive pneumococcal diseases in China: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Chen Tian-ming , Li Wen-hui , Wang Fang , Tan Kun , Zhu Qing-xiong , Zhou Kai , Liu Shi-hua , Liu Jing , Bi Jing , Deng Hui-ling , Chen Xue-xia , Li Juan , Wang Yu-min , Zhao Qing , Zhu Liang , Ma Hui-xuan , Li Zhi , Deng Ji-kui , Zhu Chun-hui , Wu Kang-kang , Lin Ai-wei , Li Shuang-jie , Wang Dong-meng , Cai Hui-jun , Zhao Shi-yong , Lu Xu-dong , Ye Lan , Dong Fang , Zhang Wen-shuang , Yang Yong-hong , Liu Gang
Published: March 2021

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is a major cause of bacterial meningitis, septicemia and pneumonia in children. Inappropriate choice of antibiotic can have important adverse consequences for both the individual and the community. Objective: To evaluate antibiotics therapy for children with IPD (invasive pneumococcal diseases) in China.Methods: A multicenter retrospective study was conducted in 14 hospitals from 13 provinces in China. Antibiotics prescription, clinical features and resistance patterns of IPD cases from January 2012 to December 2017 were collected. Appropriateness of targeted antibiotics therapy was assessed.Results: 806 IPD cases were collected. The non-susceptibility rates of S. pneumonia to penicillin and cefotaxime were 40.9% and 20.7% respectively in 492 non-meningitis cases, whereas those were 73.2% and 43.0% respectively in 314 meningitis cases. Carbapenems were used in 21.3% of non-meningitis cases and 42.0% of meningitis cases. For 390 non-meningitis cases with isolates susceptible to cefotaxime, vancomycin and linezolid were used in 17.9% and 8.7% of cases respectively. For 179 meningitis cases with isolates susceptible to cefotaxime, vancomycin and linezolid were prescribed in 55.3% and 15.6% of cases respectively. Overall, therapies resulted inappropriate in 361 (44.8%) of 806 IPD cases, including 232 (28.8%) cases with inappropriate use of carbapenems, 169 (21.0%) cases with inappropriate use of vancomycin and 62 (7.7%) cases with inappropriate use of linezolid.Conclusions: Antibiotic regimens for IPD definite therapy were often excessive with extensive prescription of carbapenems, vancomycin or linezolid in China. Antimicrobial stewardship programs should be implemented to improve antimicrobial use.
HiSpike: A high-throughput cost effective sequencing method for the SARS-CoV-2 spike gene
Authors: Fass Ephraim , Zizelski Gal Valenci , Rubinstein Mor , Freidlin Paul , Rosencwaig Shira , Kutikov Inna , Werner Robert , Ben-Tovim Nofar , Bucris Efrat , Zuckerman Neta , Mor Orna , Mendelson Ella , Dveyrin Zeev , Rorman Efrat , Nissan Israel
Published: March 2021

The changing nature of the corona virus of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic poses unprecedented challenges to the world’s health systems. New and virulent emerging spike gene variants, such as the UK 20I/501Y.V1 and South African 20H/501Y.V2, could jeopardize global efforts to produce immunity and reduce mortality. These challenges require effective real-time genomic surveillance solutions that the medical community can quickly adopt. The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein mediates host receptor recognition and entry into the cell and therefore, it is most susceptible to generation of variants with increased transmissibility and pathogenicity. The spike protein is also the primary target of neutralizing antibodies in COVID-19 patients and the most common antigen for induction of effective vaccine immunity. Therefore, tight monitoring of the spike protein gene variants is key to mitigating COVID-19 spread and vaccine escape mutants. Currently, the ARTIC method for SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing is applied worldwide. However, this method commonly requires more than 96 hours (4–5 days) from start to finish and at present high sample sequence demands, sequencing resources are quickly exhausted. In this work, we present HiSpike, a method for high-throughput targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) of the spike gene. This simple three-step method can be completed in less than 30 hours and can sequence 10-fold more samples compared to the conventional ARTIC method and at a fraction of the cost. HiSpike was proven valid, and has identified, at high quality, multiple spike variants from real-time field samples, such as the UK and the South African variants. This method will certainly be effective in discovering future spike mutations. Therefore, running HiSpike for full sequencing of the spike gene of all positive SARS-CoV-2 samples could be considered for near real-time detection of known and emerging spike mutations as they evolve. HiSpike provides affordable sequencing options to help laboratories conserve resources, hence it provides a tool for widespread monitoring, that can support critical knowledge-based decisions.
The Effect of a Combined Modified Pectoral and Stellate Ganglion Block on Stress and Inflammatory Response in Patients Undergoing Modified Radical
Authors: Geng Jun , Wang Jing , Zhang Yaowen , Song Wenxiang , Zhu Junjia , Chen Jianqing , Wu Zhen
Published: March 2021

Background: Surgical resection is the primary and most effective method for removing breast tumors, but it is associated with significant stress and inflammatory responses. Previous studies have indicated that these responses can be influenced by anesthetic method. While regional anesthesia has been shown to attenuate stress and inflammatory responses associated with surgical procedure, the effectiveness of combined nerve blocks has not been investigated. Therefore, we conducted this study to evaluate whether the combination of a pectoral nerve block (PNB) and stellate ganglion block (SGB) is more effective than a PNB alone in reducing stress and inflammatory responses in women undergoing modified radical mastectomy.Methods: A total of 50 breast cancer patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II were enrolled and randomly allocated to receive either a (1) preoperative ultrasound-guided PNB (20 mL of 0.375% ropivacaine) only (control group, n = 25) or (2) ultrasound-guided PNB (20 mL of 0.375% ropivacaine) combined with a SGB (5 mL of 0.15% ropivacaine) (SGB group, n = 25). The primary outcome was neuroendocrine levels at different time points during the 72-hour postoperative period. Assessed neuroendocrine variables included cortisol, glucose, interleukin (IL)-6, interleukin (IL)-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a. Secondary outcomes included pain scores, hemodynamic variables, sleep quality on the night of surgery, and side effects after surgery.Results: A total of 50 patients completed the study. Cortisol levels were significantly lower in the SGB group compared to the control group at the end of the surgery. Glucose levels at the time of incision were lower in the SGB group than in the control group. The SGB group exhibited significantly lower IL-6 and TNF-a levels compared to the control group at 24 hours post-surgery. There was no significant difference in perioperative IL-10 levels between the two groups. Pain scores up to 12 hours postoperatively were significantly lower in the SGB group, which also exhibited better perioperative hemodynamic stability. Patients in the SGB group reported a better sleep quality on the night of the operation than those in the control group. No side effects were observed in either group.Conclusions: In patients undergoing a modified radical mastectomy, the combination of a SGB and PNB can more effectively blunt perioperative stress and inflammatory responses, as well as postoperative acute pain, compared to a PNB alone. A combined block approach also results in more stable perioperative hemodynamics and a better postoperative sleep quality.
MED29, A Subunit of the Mediator Complex, Possesses Oncogenic Characteristics in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Wu haifang , Chen Ling , Wu Yiguo , Lou Weiming , Nie Penghui , Tang Xiaoli , Fu Fen
Published: March 2021

Background: Somatic copy number alteration (SCNA) usually accompanies the appearance of tumours; one common example is the 19q13.2 region amplification (AMP). Studies have shown that the 19q13.2 AMP might worsen the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer, and mediator complex subunit 29 (MED29) might be an amplified effector gene within this region. In this study, the role and molecular mechanism of MED29 in ovarian cancer (OvCa), one of the three major tumours in gynaecology, were discussed.Results: According to the transcriptome and survival data from the TCGA database, 19q13.2 AMP corresponded with a worse prognosis of OvCa patients (P = 0.0253), and individuals with 19q13.2 AMP showed increased levels of MED29 mRNA. From the GSE29450 dataset, we found that the gene expression of MED29 was significantly upregulated in OvCa and overexpression of MED29 in OvCa was related to shorter survival. Additionally, pathway analysis based on RNA-seq data indicated that MED29 could activate the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation. Moreover, knockdown of MED29 obvious inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of OVCAR3 and A2780 cells and arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M transition in vitro.Conclusion: MED29 could be used as a potential therapeutic target for OvCa treatment.
Emission Inventory and Control Policy for Non-road Construction Machinery in Tianjin
Authors: zhang qijun , wei ning , Yang Lei , Feng Xi , zhang yanjie , Wu lin , Mao hongjun
Published: March 2021

The establishment of a non-road construction machinery emission inventory forms the basis for the analysis of pollutant emission characteristics and for the formulation of control policy. We analysed and investigated data on populations, emission factors and activity levels for the construction machinery in Tianjin to estimate an emission inventory. Finally, a variety of emission reduction scenarios were used to simulate emission reductions and propose the most effective control policy. The results show that total emissions of CO, HC, NOx, PM10 and PM2.5 from non-road construction machinery in Tianjin of 2018 reached 4180.78, 951.44, 5833.85, 383.92 and 365.70 t, respectively. Forklifts, excavators and loaders were the three most important emission sources in Tianjin. There are clear differences in the emissions of different districts. Large machinery emissions were mainly distributed across the Binhai New Area, which includes high volumes of port machinery and tractors in Tianjin Port. Based on various emission reduction scenarios, the effect of emission reductions is estimated. The IAD affected the reduction of CO and HC emissions with RR values of 17.6% and 17.3%, respectively, while EMO affected the mitigation of PM10 and PM2.5 emissions and RR values by 18.0% and 18.4%, respectively. The emission reduction control policy for non-road construction machinery is proposed, including the accelerated updating of non-road machinery emission standards; integrating diesel engine research and development institutions to accelerate the development of vehicle after-treatment technology; and establishing a cooperation mechanism for scientific research institutes, government departments and enterprises in the control of non-road mobile machinery emissions.
Ultrafast carrier-lattice interactions and interlayer modulations of Bi2Se3 by X-ray free electron laser diffraction
Authors: Kim Sungwon , Kim Youngsam , Kim Jaeseung , Choi Sungwook , Yun Kyuseok , Kim Dongjin , Lim Soo Yeon , Kim Sunam , Chun Sae Hwan , Park Jaeku , Eom Intae , Kim Kyung Sook , Koo Tae-Yeong , Ou Yunbo , Katmis Ferhat , Wen Haidan , Dichiara Anthony , Walko Donald , Landahl Eric , Cheong Hyeonsik , Sim Eunji , Moodera Jagadeesh , Kim Hyunjung
Published: March 2021

As a 3D topological insulator, bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) has potential applications for electrically and optically controllable magnetic and optoelectronic devices. Understanding the coupling with its topological phase requires studying the interactions of carriers with the lattice on time scales down to the sub-picosecond regime. Here we use an X-ray free-electron laser to perform time-resolved diffraction to investigate the ultrafast carrier-induced lattice contractions and interlayer modulations in Bi2Se3 thin films. The lattice contraction depends on the carrier concentration and is followed by an interlayer expansion accompanied by oscillations. Using density functional theory (DFT) and the Lifshitz model, the initial contraction can be explained by van der Waals force modulation of the confined free carrier layers. Band inversion, related to a topological phase transition, is modulated by the expansion of the interlayer distance. These results provide insight into instantaneous topological phases on ultrafast timescales.
A Prothrombotic Thrombocytopenic Disorder Resembling Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Following Coronavirus-19 Vaccination
Authors: Greinacher Andreas , Thiele Thomas , Warkentin Theodore E. , Weisser Karin , Kyrle Paul , Eichinger Sabine
Published: March 2021

Background. Vaccines are important for managing the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. However, following widespread vaccination using a recombinant adenoviral vector encoding the spike protein antigen of SARS-CoV-2 (AZD1222, AstraZeneca), reports have emerged of some vaccine recipients developing unusual thrombotic events and thrombocytopenia. We investigated whether such patients could have a prothrombotic disorder caused by platelet-activating antibodies directed against platelet factor 4 (PF4), as is known to be caused by heparin and sometimes other environmental triggers.Methods. We summarized the clinical and laboratory features of 9 patients in Germany and Austria who developed thrombosis and thrombocytopenia events following AZD1222 vaccination. Serum from four patients was used to test for anti-PF4/heparin antibodies, both by immunoassay and by platelet activation assays performed in the presence of heparin, PF4, or both.Results. The 9 patients (8 female; median age, 36 [range, 22—49) presented with thrombosis beginning 4 to 16 days post-vaccination: 7 patients had cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), 1 had pulmonary embolism, and 1 had splanchnic vein thrombosis and CVT; 4 patients died. None had received heparin prior to symptom onset. All four patients tested strongly positive for anti-PF4/heparin antibodies by immunoassay; all 4 patients tested strongly positive in the platelet activation assay in the presence of PF4 independently of heparin. Platelet activation was inhibited by high concentrations of heparin, Fc receptor-blocking monoclonal antibody, and intravenous immunoglobulin.Conclusions. The AZD1222 vaccine is associated with development of a prothrombotic disorder that clinically resembles heparin-induced thrombocytopenia but which shows a different serological profile.
Fruit juice mediated multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of substituted isoxazoles and their in vitro bio evaluation
Authors: Gulati Susheel , Singh Rajvir , Sangwan Suman
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A simple, efficient and eco-friendly procedure for the synthesis of isoxazoles derivatives (4a-4h) using one-pot three components reaction between substituted aldehydes (1a), methyl acetoacetate (2a) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (3a) has been achieved in presence of Cocos nucifera L. juice, Solanum lycopersicum L. juice and Citrus limetta juice respectively. This protocol is natural acid catalysed multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of potentially bioactive isoxazole derivatives. The homogeneity of synthesized compounds was confirmed by melting point and thin layer chromatography. The synthesized compounds were characterized by using 1HNMR, FTIR and CHN spectral analysis and evaluated for in vitro herbicidal activity against Raphanus sativus L. (Radish seeds). The compounds (4a-4h) were also screened for their fungicidal activity against Rhizoctonia solani and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides by poisoned food techniques. Antibacterial activity was also tested against Erwinia carotovora and Xanthomonas citri by inhibition zone method. From bio evaluation data, it was found that compound 4b was most active against Raphanus sativus L. (root) and Raphanus sativus L. (shoot) respectively. Compound 4b was also found most active against both the fungus viz. R. solani and C. gloeosporioides showing maximum percentage growth inhibition i.e. 90.00 against R. solani and 82.45 against C. gloeosporioides at 2000 µg/mL concentration. Compound 4h has shown maximum inhibition zone i.e. 3.00-9.60 mm against Erwinia carotovora at 2000 µg/mL concentration. Maximum Xanthomonas citri growth was also inhibited by compound 4h showing inhibition zone 1.00–5.00 mm at highest concentration. Less reaction time, high yields of desired products, mild reaction conditions, simple work-up, cost effectiveness and no need of column chromatography are some beauties of present methodology.
Evaluating the impact of decontamination interventions performed in sequence for mass casualty chemical incidents
Authors: Collins Samuel , Williams Natalie , Southworth Felicity , James Thomas , Davidson Louise , Orchard Emily , Marczylo Tim , Amlôt Richard
Published: March 2021

The Initial Operational Response (IOR) to chemical incidents is a suite of rapid strategies including evacuation, disrobe and improvised and interim decontamination. IOR and Specialist Operational Response (SOR) decontamination protocols involving mass decontamination units would be conducted in sequence by UK emergency services following a chemical incident, to allow for safe onward transfer of casualties. As part of a series of human volunteer studies, we examined the effectiveness of IOR and SOR decontamination procedures alone and in sequence. Specifically, we evaluated the additional contribution of SOR, when following improvised and interim decontamination. Two simulants, methyl salicylate (MeS) with vegetable oil and benzyl salicylate (BeS), were applied to participants’ skin. Participants underwent improvised dry, improvised wet, interim wet, specialist decontamination and a no decontamination control. Skin analysis and UV photography indicated significantly lower levels of both simulants remaining following decontamination compared to controls. There were no significant differences in MeS levels recovered between decontamination conditions. Analysis of BeS, a more persistent simulant than MeS, showed that recovery from skin was significantly reduced following combined IOR with SOR than IOR alone. These results show modest additional benefits of decontamination interventions conducted in sequence, particularly for persistent chemicals, supporting current UK operational procedures.
Health Literacy and Health Outcomes in Patients with Low Back Pain – A Scoping Review
Authors: See Clarence Ye King , Smith Helen Elizabeth , Car Lorainne Tudor , Protheroe Joanne , Wong Wei Cong , Bartlam Bernadette
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organisation highlights low back pain as a leading and growing cause of disability worldwide. In the field of chronic pain, higher health literacy is linked to lower pain intensity and better pain control. However, there remains a paucity of evidence, with a recent systematic review finding only three studies meeting its inclusion criteria. OBJECTIVES: This scoping review had two objectives in exploring research in chronic back pain, which were to identify:1) The health literacy measures currently employed for back pain and the aspects of health literacy they include.2) The back-pain health outcomes included in such work and the extent to which these reflect the core outcome set for clinical trials in non-specific low back pain.METHODS: The search broadened the search strategy used in the systematic review, with the eligibility criteria defined by the Joanna Briggs Institute PCC mnemonic, namely: · Population – Patients with LBP (≥ 10% of study population), of any age, gender, or race· Concept – Relationship of LBP health outcomes to HL· Context – Any healthcare setting, in any geographical settingIt was conducted using thirteen bibliographic databases, employing medical subject heading (MeSH) terms for low back pain and health literacy, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. A thematic framework approach was used for analysis.RESULTS: The search yielded ten relevant studies for inclusion, amongst which a total of nine health literacy measures and 50 health outcome measures were used. The health outcomes assessed by the included studies could be broadly categorised into: Pain, Disability, Behaviour, Knowledge and Beliefs, and Resource Utilisation. Most outcome measures employed (36 out of 50) were not directly relevant to addressing the core outcome set for clinical trials in non-specific low back pain.CONCLUSIONS: A dearth of studies in this field of research was noted, especially in Asia and low-middle income countries. Methodological limitations were identified, including in study design and outcome measures. To allow for comparison across findings and the development of a rigorous evidence base, future work should include the core outcome set for clinical trials in non-specific low back pain. Furthermore, research thus far has focused on a narrow range of populations and there is an urgent need to broaden the evidence-base to include those with characteristics known to be moderators in health outcomes. Such work demands the incorporation of comprehensive measures of health literacy that have both generic and culturally sensitive components.