bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Depth and detection for Noetherian unstable algebras
Authors: Heard Drew
Published: March 2020

For a connected Noetherian unstable algebra

R
R

over the mod

p
p

Steenrod algebra, we prove versions of theorems of Duflot and Carlson on the depth of

R
R

, originally proved when

R
R

is the mod

p
p

cohomology ring of a finite group. This recovers the aforementioned results, and also proves versions of them when

R
R

is the mod

p
p

cohomology ring of a compact Lie group, a profinite group with Noetherian cohomology, a Kac–Moody group, a discrete group of finite virtual cohomological dimension, as well as for certain other discrete groups. More generally, our results apply to certain finitely generated unstable

R
R

-modules. Moreover, we explain the results in the case of the

p
p

-local compact groups of Broto, Levi, and Oliver, as well as in the modular invariant theory of finite groups.
Betti tables of monomial ideals fixed by permutations of the variables
Authors: Murai Satoshi
Published: March 2020

Let

S
n

S_n

be a polynomial ring with

n
n

variables over a field and

{

I
n

}

n
≥
1

\{I_n\}_{n \geq 1}

a chain of ideals such that each

I
n

I_n

is a monomial ideal of

S
n

S_n

fixed by permutations of the variables. In this paper, we present a way to determine all nonzero positions of Betti tables of

I
n

I_n

for all large intergers

n
n

from the

Z

m

\mathbb Z^m

-graded Betti tables of

I
m

I_m

for some small integers

m
m

. Our main result shows that the projective dimension and the regularity of

I
n

I_n

eventually become linear functions on

n
n

, confirming a special case of conjectures posed by Le, Nagel, Nguyen and Römer.
Late and Instable Sleep Phasing is Associated With Irregular Eating Patterns in Eating Disorders
Authors: Linnaranta Outi , Bourguignon Clément , Crescenzi Olivia , Sibthorpe Duncan , Buyukkurt Asli , Steiger Howard , Storch Kai-Florian
Published: March 2020

Background

Sleep problems are common in eating disorders (EDs).

Purpose

We evaluated whether sleep-phasing regularity associates with the regularity of daily eating events.

Methods

ED patients (n = 29) completed hourly charts of mood and eating occasions for 2 weeks. Locomotor activity was recorded continuously by wrist actigraphy for a minimum of 10 days, and sleep was calculated based on periods of inactivity. We computed the center of daily inactivity (CenDI) as a measure of sleep phasing and consolidation of the daily inactivity (ConDI) as a measure of daily sleep rhythm strength. We assessed interday irregularities in the temporal structure of food intake using the standard deviation (SD) of frequency (IFRQ), timing (ITIM), and interval (IINT) of food intake. A self-evaluation of other characteristics included mood, anxiety, and early trauma.

Results

A later phasing of sleep associated with a lower frequency of eating (eating frequency with the CenDI rho = −0.49, p = .007). The phasing and rhythmic strength of sleep correlated with the degree of eating irregularity (CenDI with ITIM rho = 0.48, p = .008 and with IINT rho = 0.56, p = .002; SD of CenDI with ITIM rho = 0.47, p = .010, and SD of ConDI with IINT rho = 0.37, p = .048). Childhood Trauma Questionnaire showed associations with variation of sleep onset (rho = −0.51, p = .005) and with IFRQ (rho = 0.43, p = .023).

Conclusions

Late and variable phasing of sleep associated robustly with irregular pattern of eating. Larger data sets are warranted to enable the analysis of diagnostic subgroups, current medication, and current symptomatology and to confirm the likely bidirectional association between eating pattern stability and the timing of sleep.
Potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults with mild-moderate Alzheimer’s disease: prevalence and associations with adverse events
Authors: Murphy Claire , Dyer Adam H , Lawlor Brian , Kennelly Sean P ,   NILVAD Study Group
Published: March 2020

Aim

Potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use is prevalent in older adults and is associated with adverse events, hospitalisation and mortality. We assessed the patterns and associations of PIM use in older adults with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), who may represent a particularly vulnerable group.

Design

Analysis of data from NILVad, an 18-month Randomised Control Trial of Nilvadapine in mild-to-moderate AD. The v2 STOPP criteria were applied in duplicate to identify PIM use. Associations between PIM use and adverse events/unscheduled healthcare visits in addition to the associations between PIM use and AD progression were evaluated.

Setting and Participants

448 older adults with mild-to-moderate AD from 23 centres in nine European countries.

Results

Of 448 participants (mean age: 72.56 ± 8.19 years), over half (55.8%) were prescribed a PIM with 30.1% being prescribed 2+ PIMs. The most frequent PIMs were (i) long-term benzodiazepines (11.6% N = 52/448), (ii) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors without appropriate indication (11.1% N = 50/448), and (iii) Proton-Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) without appropriate indication (10.7% N = 48/448). Increasing number of PIMs was associated with a greater risk of adverse events (IRR 1.17, 1.13–1.19, P < 0.001), serious adverse events (IRR 1.27; 1.17–1.37, P < 0.001), unscheduled hospitalisations (IRR 1.16, 1.03–1.30, P = 0.016) and GP visits (IRR 1.22, 1.15–1.28, P < 0.001). PIM use was not associated with dementia progression.

Conclusions and Implications

PIM use is highly prevalent in mild-to-moderate AD and is associated with adverse events and unscheduled healthcare utilisation. Further attention to de-prescribing in this vulnerable group is warranted.
Measuring the Magnitude of Health Inequality Between 2 Population Subgroup Proportions
Authors: Talih Makram , Moonesinghe Ramal , Huang David T
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we evaluate 11 measures of inequality, d(p1, p2), between 2 proportions p1 and p2, some of which are new to the health disparities literature. These measures are selected because they are continuous, nonnegative, equal to 0 if and only if |p1 − p2| = 0, and maximal when |p1 − p2| = 1. They are also symmetrical [d(p1, p2) = d(p2, p1)] and complement-invariant [d(p1, p2) = d(1 − p2, 1 − p1)]. To study intermeasure agreement, 5 of the 11 measures, including the absolute difference, are retained, because they remain finite and are maximal if and only if |p1 − p2| = 1. Even when the 2 proportions are assumed to be drawn at random from a shared distribution—interpreted as the absence of an avoidable difference—the expected value of d(p1, p2) depends on the shape of the distribution (and the choice of d) and can be quite large. To allow for direct comparisons among measures, we propose a standard measurement unit akin to a z score. For skewed underlying beta distributions, 4 of the 5 retained measures, once standardized, offer more conservative assessments of the magnitude of inequality than the absolute difference. We conclude that, even for measures that share the highlighted mathematical properties, magnitude comparisons are most usefully assessed relative to an elicited or estimated underlying distribution for the 2 proportions.
V—Time and Subtle Pictures in the History of Philosophy
Authors: Thomas Emily
Published: March 2020

For centuries, philosophers of time have produced texts containing words and pictures. Although some historians study visual representations of time, I have not found any history of philosophy on pictures of time within texts. This paper argues that studying such pictures can be rewarding. I will make this case by studying pictures of time in the works of Leibniz, Arthur Eddington and C. D. Broad, and argue they play subtle roles. Further, I will argue that historians of philosophy more widely could benefit from paying more attention to pictures.
Recent advances in biomedical literature mining
Authors: Zhao Sendong , Su Chang , Lu Zhiyong , Wang Fei
Published: March 2020

The recent years have witnessed a rapid increase in the number of scientific articles in biomedical domain. These literature are mostly available and readily accessible in electronic format. The domain knowledge hidden in them is critical for biomedical research and applications, which makes biomedical literature mining (BLM) techniques highly demanding. Numerous efforts have been made on this topic from both biomedical informatics (BMI) and computer science (CS) communities. The BMI community focuses more on the concrete application problems and thus prefer more interpretable and descriptive methods, while the CS community chases more on superior performance and generalization ability, thus more sophisticated and universal models are developed. The goal of this paper is to provide a review of the recent advances in BLM from both communities and inspire new research directions.
QuartataWeb: Integrated Chemical–Protein-Pathway Mapping for Polypharmacology and Chemogenomics
Authors: Li Hongchun , Pei Fen , Taylor D Lansing , Bahar Ivet
Published: March 2020

QuartataWeb is a user-friendly server developed for polypharmacological and chemogenomics analyses. Users can easily obtain information on experimentally verified (known) and computationally predicted (new) interactions between 5494 drugs and 2807 human proteins in DrugBank, and between 315 514 chemicals and 9457 human proteins in the STITCH database. In addition, QuartataWeb links targets to KEGG pathways and GO annotations, completing the bridge from drugs/chemicals to function via protein targets and cellular pathways. It allows users to query a series of chemicals, drug combinations or multiple targets, to enable multi-drug, multi-target, multi-pathway analyses, toward facilitating the design of polypharmacological treatments for complex diseases.

Availability and implementation

QuartataWeb is freely accessible at http://quartata.csb.pitt.edu.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
FUpred: detecting protein domains through deep-learning-based contact map prediction
Authors: Zheng Wei , Zhou Xiaogen , Wuyun Qiqige , Pearce Robin , Li Yang , Zhang Yang
Published: March 2020

Motivation

Protein domains are subunits that can fold and function independently. Correct domain boundary assignment is thus a critical step toward accurate protein structure and function analyses. There is, however, no efficient algorithm available for accurate domain prediction from sequence. The problem is particularly challenging for proteins with discontinuous domains, which consist of domain segments that are separated along the sequence.

Results

We developed a new algorithm, FUpred, which predicts protein domain boundaries utilizing contact maps created by deep residual neural networks coupled with coevolutionary precision matrices. The core idea of the algorithm is to retrieve domain boundary locations by maximizing the number of intra-domain contacts, while minimizing the number of inter-domain contacts from the contact maps. FUpred was tested on a large-scale dataset consisting of 2549 proteins and generated correct single- and multi-domain classifications with a Matthew’s correlation coefficient of 0.799, which was 19.1% (or 5.3%) higher than the best machine learning (or threading)-based method. For proteins with discontinuous domains, the domain boundary detection and normalized domain overlapping scores of FUpred were 0.788 and 0.521, respectively, which were 17.3% and 23.8% higher than the best control method. The results demonstrate a new avenue to accurately detect domain composition from sequence alone, especially for discontinuous, multi-domain proteins.

Availability and implementation

https://zhanglab.ccmb.med.umich.edu/FUpred.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Machine Learning Using Digitized Herbarium Specimens to Advance Phenological Research
Authors: Pearson Katelin D , Nelson Gil , Aronson Myla F J , Bonnet Pierre , Brenskelle Laura , Davis Charles C , Denny Ellen G , Ellwood Elizabeth R , Goëau Hervé , Heberling J Mason , Joly Alexis , Lorieul Titouan , Mazer Susan J , Meineke Emily K , Stucky Brian J , Sweeney Patrick , White Alexander E , Soltis Pamela S
Published: March 2020

Machine learning (ML) has great potential to drive scientific discovery by harvesting data from images of herbarium specimens—preserved plant material curated in natural history collections—but ML techniques have only recently been applied to this rich resource. ML has particularly strong prospects for the study of plant phenological events such as growth and reproduction. As a major indicator of climate change, driver of ecological processes, and critical determinant of plant fitness, plant phenology is an important frontier for the application of ML techniques for science and society. In the present article, we describe a generalized, modular ML workflow for extracting phenological data from images of herbarium specimens, and we discuss the advantages, limitations, and potential future improvements of this workflow. Strategic research and investment in specimen-based ML methods, along with the aggregation of herbarium specimen data, may give rise to a better understanding of life on Earth.
In Their Own Words: Gregory Anderson
Authors: Verdier James M
Published: March 2020

In Their Own Words chronicles the stories of scientists who have made great contributions to their fields, particularly within the biological sciences. These short oral histories provide our readers a way to learn from and share their experiences. Each month, we will publish in the pages of BioScience and in our podcast, BioScience Talks (http://bioscienceaibs.libsyn.com), the results of these conversations. This oral history is with Gregory Anderson, who is with the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, at the University of Connecticut, Storrs. He previously served as president of the American Institute of Biological Sciences.

Note: Both the text and audio versions have been edited for clarity and length.
The mental health status of asylum seekers in middle- to high-income countries: a synthesis of current global evidence
Authors: Posselt Miriam , McIntyre Heather , Ngcanga Mtho , Lines Thomas , Procter Nicholas
Published: March 2020

Introduction

The last 5 years have witnessed a significant increase in the number of people fleeing their countries of origin and seeking refuge in host countries. By the end of 2018, there were 3.5 million asylum seekers awaiting outcomes on their applications, the majority of whom were hosted by middle- to high-income countries. This review aimed to identify and synthesize current knowledge regarding the mental health status of asylum seekers in middle- to high-income countries.

Sources of data

A search was conducted across various databases for research literature published within the last 5 years (2014–2019). The final review and synthesis included 25 articles.

Areas of agreement

Findings highlighted significant differences in the mental health status of asylum seekers compared to those with refugee status and permanent residence.

Areas of controversy

Guidelines from the World Health Organization and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees emphasize the need to understand and address mental health issues. Instead, there have been policy changes in many host countries regarding asylum applications, and the associated effects of these changes have been shown to negatively impact mental health.

Growing points

The synthesized findings from the present review provide information regarding the current mental health status of asylum seekers hosted by middle- to high-income countries. Areas of intervention and resource allocation were also identified.

Areas timely for developing research

Future research should consider the impact of large-scale, low-cost interventions to support the mental health of those seeking asylum.
Specificity and Diagnostic Utility of Cerebrospinal Fluid CXCL13 in Lyme Neuroborreliosis
Authors: Eckman Elizabeth A , Clausen Dana M , Herdt Aimee R , Pacheco-Quinto Javier , Halperin John J
Published: March 2020

Background

Demonstration of intrathecal production of Borrelia-specific antibodies (ITAb) is considered the most specific diagnostic marker of Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB). Limitations include delayed detectability in early infection and continued presence long after successful treatment. Markers of active inflammation—increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leukocytes, protein, and CXCL13—provide nonspecific markers of active infection. To assess the utility of CSF CXCL13, we measured its concentration in 132 patients with a broad spectrum of neuroinflammatory disorders, including LNB.

Methods

CSF CXCL13 was measured by immunoassay. Spearman rank correlation test was performed to explore its relationship to conventional markers of neuroinflammation and Borrelia-specific ITAb production.

Results

In non-LNB neuroinflammatory disorders, CSF CXCL13 elevation correlated with CSF immunoglobulin G (IgG) synthesis and leukocyte count. In LNB, CXCL13 concentration was far greater than expected from overall CSF IgG synthesis, and correlated with Borrelia-specific ITAb synthesis. Median CSF CXCL13 concentration in ITAb-positive LNB patients was > 500 times greater than in any other group.

Conclusions

Intrathecal CXCL13 and IgG production are closely interrelated. CXCL13 is disproportionately increased in “definite LNB,” defined as having demonstrable Borrelia-specific ITAb, but not “probable LNB,” without ITAb. This disproportionate increase may help identify patients with very early infection or those with active vs treated LNB, or may help to differentiate ITAb-defined active LNB from other neuroinflammatory disorders. However, its reported specificity is closely related to the diagnostic requirement for ITAb. It may add little specificity to the demonstration of a pleocytosis or increased overall or specific IgG production in the CSF.
Performance Improvement Of Pre-trained Convolutional Neural Networks For Action Recognition
Authors: Ozcan Tayyip , Basturk Alper
Published: March 2020

Action recognition is a challenging task. Deep learning models have been investigated to solve this problem. Setting up a new neural network model is a crucial and time-consuming process. Alternatively, pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) models offer rapid modeling. The selection of the hyperparameters of CNNs is a challenging issue that heavily depends on user experience. The parameters of CNNs should be carefully selected to get effective results. For this purpose, the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is used for tuning the parameters to get optimum results. The proposed method includes three main stages: the image preprocessing stage involves automatic cropping of the meaningful area within the images in the data set, the transfer learning stage includes experiments with six different pre-trained CNN models and the hyperparameter tuning stage using the ABC algorithm. Performance comparison of the pre-trained CNN models involving the use and nonuse of the ABC algorithm for the Stanford 40 data set is presented. The experiments show that the pre-trained CNN models with ABC are more successful than pre-trained CNN models without ABC. Additionally, to the best of our knowledge, the improved NASNet-Large CNN model with the ABC algorithm gives the best accuracy of 87.78% for the overall success rate-based performance metric.
The role of three-dimensional reconstructions in understanding the intersegmental plane: an anatomical study of segment 6
Authors: Sarsam Matthieu , Glorion Matthieu , de Wolf Julien , Cassiano Francesco , Puyo Philippe , Sage Edouard , Chapelier Alain
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVES

The identification of the intersegmental plane during lung segmentectomies remains a practical difficulty, notably with minimally invasive approaches. The intraoperative techniques are based on demarcating either the bronchial or the vascular territories. The goal of this study was to evaluate the use of 3-dimensional reconstructions in understanding the intersegmental plane of segment 6.

METHODS

Between March and September 2018, Synapse 3-dimensional programme was used to carry out bilateral venous, arterial and bronchial segmentations of segment 6. All computed tomography (CT) scans were contrast-enhanced and of a high resolution (0.6 mm slices). The patients had normal results on respiratory function tests. The volumes obtained from each of the 3 modalities were then compared. The results are presented as mean and standard deviation and as median and interquartile ranges for lung volume measurements.

RESULTS

During the aforementioned period, 15 high-resolution chest CT scans were selected (8 men and 7 women). The median age was 70 years. In all of the studied segments (N = 30, 15 right S6 and 15 left S6), the segmental volume of the vein was greater than the segmental volumes of the bronchus and the artery. A significant difference was found between the segmental volumes obtained from the 3 modalities (P = 0.001). The segmental volume of the vein was significantly higher than the segmental volume of the bronchus (P < 0.001) and the segmental volume of the artery (P < 0.001). On the other hand, the segmental volume of the artery was significantly higher than the segmental volume of the bronchus (P = 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

Within the limits of this study, the segmental venous volume of S6 was greater than the volumes of the segmental bronchial and arterial volumes. Thus, depending solely on bronchial techniques might lead to leaving a border zone in venous congestion.
Accumulation of Deleterious Mutations in Landlocked Threespine Stickleback Populations
Authors: Yoshida Kohta , Ravinet Mark , Makino Takashi , Toyoda Atsushi , Kokita Tomoyuki , Mori Seiichi , Kitano Jun
Published: March 2020

Colonization of new habitats often reduces population sizes and may result in the accumulation of deleterious mutations by genetic drift. Compared with the genomic basis for adaptation to new environments, genome-wide analysis of deleterious mutations in isolated populations remains limited. In the present study, we investigated the accumulation of deleterious mutations in five endangered freshwater populations of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in the central part of the mainland of Japan. Using whole-genome resequencing data, we first conducted phylogenomic analysis and confirmed at least two independent freshwater colonization events in the central mainland from ancestral marine ecotypes. Next, analyses of single nucleotide polymorphisms showed a substantial reduction of heterozygosity in freshwater populations compared with marine populations. Reduction in heterozygosity was more apparent at the center of each chromosome than the peripheries and on X chromosomes compared with autosomes. Third, bioinformatic analysis of deleterious mutations showed increased accumulation of putatively deleterious mutations in the landlocked freshwater populations compared with marine populations. For the majority of populations examined, the frequencies of putatively deleterious mutations were higher on X chromosomes than on autosomes. The interpopulation comparison indicated that the majority of putatively deleterious mutations may have accumulated independently. Thus, whole-genome resequencing of endangered populations can help to estimate the accumulation of deleterious mutations and inform us of which populations are the most severely endangered. Furthermore, analysis of variation among chromosomes can give insights into whether any particular chromosomes are likely to accumulate deleterious mutations.
Seismic repeaters linked to weak rock-mass creep in deep excavation mining
Authors: Kinscher J L , De Santis F , Poiata N , Bernard P , Palgunadi K H , Contrucci I
Published: March 2020

Seismic repeaters are a phenomenon rarely observed in mining environments. In this study, we show that repeaters and associated aseismic slip can be the governing mechanism behind seismic triggering in response to excavation mining, providing new perspectives for rethinking and improving standard procedures for seismic rock burst hazard assessment and mining monitoring. Evidence comes from an extensive multiplet analysis on dense spatiotemporal microseismic event clusters (−2.5 < Mw < 1) that was recorded by a local microseismic network at the Lappberget orebody in the Garpenberg mine in Sweden at around 1 km depth. Analysis involved template matching, clustering, double-difference relocation, source parameter and mechanism estimation, as well as interevent time analysis. The results show that almost 80 per cent of the analysed events can be interpreted as seismic repeaters. Source mechanisms demonstrate systematic strike-slip faulting with a significant reverse faulting component, indicating that triggering of the repeaters is sensitive to increases in the horizontal compressive stresses. We suggest that seismic repeaters represent brittle frictional parts (asperity) of creeping, planar shaped, pre-exiting structures of several metres composed of weak rock-mass materials (e.g. talc) associated with strengthening friction behaviours. This repeater model and the here used definition of asperity thus slightly differs from its meaning in classical seismological models where repeating events are related to the locked fault patches along a creeping fault. In addition, we identified different asperity types for the different repeater families that we interpret as different friction properties. Some multiplet families represent rather a transitional case between multiplet and repeater occurrences that might imply a mixture of weakening and strengthening friction processes, that is, creep and brittle rupture along neighboured plane shaped anisotropies in a heterogeneous rock mass. The exact nature of asperities and seismic and aseismic coupling of the rock mass as well as the propagation mechanism of strain and stress associated with short-term (days to weeks) and long-term (months to years) post-blast creep remains uncertain and needs to be addressed by future investigations. The understanding of these processes is particularly important for assessing hazard of larger dynamic ruptures.
Non-Compensable Regulation versus Regulatory Expropriation: Are Climate Change Regulations Compensable?
Authors: Khachvani David
Published: March 2020

The global threat posed by climate change calls for increased governmental regulation in various fields of economic activity. New regulations, especially in the carbon-intensive industries, will likely interfere with economic interests and acquired rights of foreign investors. One of the main questions that investment treaty tribunals will have to answer in this context is whether, and to what extent, such regulations should be accompanied by compensation.

Investment treaty jurisprudence has yet to come up with comprehensive criteria for distinguishing compensable regulatory expropriation from non-compensable exercise of regulatory powers. This uncertainty is particularly evident from recent cases dealing with issues, such as plain packaging for tobacco, nuclear energy phase-out and solar energy tariffs. The absence of specific criteria causes concern among States, investors and other stakeholders, and contributes to the ongoing backlash against the investor–State dispute settlement system.

This article suggests drawing the borderline between non-compensable regulation and regulatory expropriation in reference to inherent limits of property rights that underlie foreign investments. Although the State owes compensation to an investor whose property rights are dispossessed by an increased regulation, it is uncontroversial that property rights are themselves limited by the rights of others. The precise limits change over time, in light of new circumstances and available scientific evidence. Prudent investors, especially those active in hazardous industries, assume the risk of such changes as part of their business risk. A regulation that does no more than to clarify the inherent limits of the investor’s rights in light of newly emerging circumstances does not constitute an interference with such rights and does not therefore qualify as expropriation. Under this approach, bona fide regulations that aim to tackle the emerging threats posed by climate change do not engender a right to compensation.
Disturbed Resting-State Whole-Brain Functional Connectivity of Striatal Subregions in Bulimia Nervosa
Authors: Wang Li , Bi Kun , Song Zhou , Zhang Zhe , Li Ke , Kong Qing-Mei , Li Xue-Ni , Lu Qing , Si Tian-Mei
Published: March 2020

Background

Disturbed self-regulation, taste reward, as well as somatosensory and visuospatial processes were thought to drive binge eating and purging behaviors that characterize bulimia nervosa. Although studies have implicated a central role of the striatum in these dysfunctions, there have been no direct investigations on striatal functional connectivity in bulimia nervosa from a network perspective.

Methods

We calculated the functional connectivity of striatal subregions based on the resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging data of 51 bulimia nervosa patients and 53 healthy women.

Results

Compared with the healthy women, bulimia nervosa patients showed increased positive functional connectivity in bilateral striatal nuclei and thalamus for nearly all of the striatal subregions, and increased negative functional connectivity in bilateral primary sensorimotor cortex and occipital areas for both ventral striatum and putamen subregions. Only for the putamen subregions, we observed reduced negative functional connectivity in the prefrontal (bilateral superior and middle frontal gyri) and parietal (right inferior parietal lobe and precuneus) areas. Several striatal connectivities with occipital and primary sensorimotor cortex significantly correlated with the severity of bulimia.

Conclusions

The findings indicate bulimia nervosa-related alterations in striatal functional connectivity with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex supporting self-regulation, the subcortical striatum and thalamus involved in taste reward, as well as the visual occipital and sensorimotor regions mediating body image, which contribute to our understanding of neural circuitry of bulimia nervosa and encourage future therapeutic developments for bulimia nervosa by modulating striatal pathway.
The patient died: What about involvement in the investigation process?
Authors: Wiig Siri , Hibbert Peter D , Braithwaite Jeffrey
Published: March 2020

Patient and family involvement is high on the international quality and safety agenda. In this paper, we consider possible ways of involving families in investigations of fatal adverse events and how their greater participation might improve the quality of investigations. The aim is to increase awareness among healthcare professionals, accident investigators, policymakers and researchers and examine how research and practice can develop in this emerging field. In contrast to relying mainly on documentation and staff recollections, family involvement can result in the investigation having access to richer information, a more holistic picture of the event and new perspectives on who was involved and can positively contribute to the family’s emotional satisfaction and perception of justice being done. There is limited guidance and research on how to constitute effective involvement. There is a need for co-designing the investigation process, explicitly agreeing the family’s level of involvement, supporting and preparing the family, providing easily accessible user-friendly language and using different methods of involvement (e.g. individual interviews, focus group interviews and questionnaires), depending on the family’s needs.
A dynamic reaction picklist for improving allergy reaction documentation in the electronic health record
Authors: Wang Liqin , Blackley Suzanne V , Blumenthal Kimberly G , Yerneni Sharmitha , Goss Foster R , Lo Ying-Chih , Shah Sonam N , Ortega Carlos A , Korach Zfania Tom , Seger Diane L , Zhou Li
Published: March 2020

Objective

Incomplete and static reaction picklists in the allergy module led to free-text and missing entries that inhibit the clinical decision support intended to prevent adverse drug reactions. We developed a novel, data-driven, “dynamic” reaction picklist to improve allergy documentation in the electronic health record (EHR).

Materials and Methods

We split 3 decades of allergy entries in the EHR of a large Massachusetts healthcare system into development and validation datasets. We consolidated duplicate allergens and those with the same ingredients or allergen groups. We created a reaction value set via expert review of a previously developed value set and then applied natural language processing to reconcile reactions from structured and free-text entries. Three association rule-mining measures were used to develop a comprehensive reaction picklist dynamically ranked by allergen. The dynamic picklist was assessed using recall at top k suggested reactions, comparing performance to the static picklist.

Results

The modified reaction value set contained 490 reaction concepts. Among 4 234 327 allergy entries collected, 7463 unique consolidated allergens and 469 unique reactions were identified. Of the 3 dynamic reaction picklists developed, the 1 with the optimal ranking achieved recalls of 0.632, 0.763, and 0.822 at the top 5, 10, and 15, respectively, significantly outperforming the static reaction picklist ranked by reaction frequency.

Conclusion

The dynamic reaction picklist developed using EHR data and a statistical measure was superior to the static picklist and suggested proper reactions for allergy documentation. Further studies might evaluate the usability and impact on allergy documentation in the EHR.
Effect of Diet on the Growth Performance, Feed Conversion, and Nutrient Content of the House Cricket
Authors: Bawa M , Songsermpong S , Kaewtapee C , Chanput W
Published: March 2020

The house crickets, Acheta domesticus, are sustainable and nutritious future sources of food, due to their nutritional benefits, particular high protein content and potential in solving global malnutrition. Different diets, particularly protein content, can influence the growth and nutritional value of crickets. The aim of this present study was to evaluate the effects of commercial diets and other formulated diets on the nutritional composition and growth parameters of the house crickets, being a major challenge to cricket’s farmers in Thailand. Feed conversion ratio were 1.50, 1.50, and 1.51 for fed crickets on a blend of 22% protein and dry pulp pumpkin powder, fed 22% protein plus fresh pumpkin pulp, and fed 22% protein alone, indicated that these groups are high feed convertors and represented the quality of these diets compared to 1.73 and 1.81 for fed crickets on a blend of 22% and 16% protein, and those fed on 16% protein alone. Fed crickets on 22% protein had the highest amount of protein (76%), the lowest (48%) in those fed on 22% protein and fresh pumpkin pulp inclusion. The group on 22% protein diet also had the highest amount of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and sodium. Fed 22% protein and either dry pulp pumpkin powder or fresh pumpkin pulp condition have shown improvement in vitamin B content. Crickets can effectively be produced on 22% protein diet to improve yield output and several minerals such as phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and sodium. In contrast, the supplementation of 22% protein diet with pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) will improve vitamin B content.
Physical Activity Before, During, and After Chemotherapy for High-Risk Breast Cancer: Relationships With Survival
Authors: Cannioto Rikki A , Hutson Alan , Dighe Shruti , McCann William , McCann Susan E , Zirpoli Gary R , Barlow William , Kelly Kara M , DeNysschen Carol A , Hershman Dawn L , Unger Joseph M , Moore Halle C F , Stewart James A , Isaacs Claudine , Hobday Timothy J , Salim Muhammad , Hortobagyi Gabriel N , Gralow Julie R , Albain Kathy S , Budd G Thomas , Ambrosone Christine B
Published: March 2020

Background

Although physical activity has been consistently associated with reduced breast cancer mortality, evidence is largely based on data collected at one occasion. We examined how pre- and postdiagnosis physical activity was associated with survival outcomes in high-risk breast cancer patients.

Methods

Included were 1340 patients enrolled in the Diet, Exercise, Lifestyle and Cancer Prognosis (DELCaP) Study, a prospective study of lifestyle and prognosis ancillary to a SWOG clinical trial (S0221). Activity before diagnosis, during treatment, and at 1- and 2-year intervals after enrollment was collected. Patients were categorized according to the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans as meeting the minimum guidelines (yes/no) and incrementally as inactive, low active, moderately active (meeting the guidelines), or high active.

Results

In joint-exposure analyses, patients meeting the guidelines before and 1 year after diagnosis experienced statistically significant reductions in hazards of recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.42 to 0.82) and mortality (HR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.34–0.77); associations were stronger at 2-year follow-up for recurrence (HR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.31 to 0.65) and mortality (HR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.19 to 0.52). In time-dependent analyses, factoring in activity from all time points, we observed striking associations with mortality for low- (HR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.24 to 0.68), moderate- (HR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.23 to 0.76), and high-active patients (HR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.18 to 0.53).

Conclusions

Meeting the minimum guidelines for physical activity both before diagnosis and after treatment appears to be associated with statistically significantly reduced hazards of recurrence and mortality among breast cancer patients. When considering activity from all time points, including during treatment, lower volumes of regular activity were associated with similar overall survival advantages as meeting and exceeding the guidelines.
Classic bladder exstrophy and complete rectal prolapse in a 10 year-old child with no previous surgical intervention: what to achieve?
Authors: Salhab Nabila , Gawrieh Bardisan , Deeb Mohammad Ali , Taishori Norma , Omran Ammar
Published: March 2020

The management of bladder exstrophy (BE) remains one of the most significant challenges encountered by pediatric urologists despite improvements in the operative techniques worldwide. Regardless of surgical technique, timing of primary closure remains a matter of debate. The initial closure may be performed within the first 48–72 hours of life or at ~6–12 weeks of age. Delayed presentation until adolescence is extremely rare. However, due to lack of awareness, and access to healthcare along with poor socioeconomic conditions in developing countries, some patients may not receive treatment during infancy. We present a case of a 10-year-old Syrian male with BE associated with complete rectal prolapse who did not undergo any previous surgical interventions.
Phytoene synthase 2 can compensate for the absence of PSY1 in the control of color in Capsicum fruit
Authors: Jang So-Jeong , Jeong Hyo-Bong , Jung Ayoung , Kang Min-Young , Kim Suna , Ha Sun-Hwa , Kwon Jin-Kyung , Kang Byoung-Cheorl
Published: March 2020

Phytoene synthase 1 (PSY1) and capsanthin-capsorubin synthase (CCS) are two major genes responsible for fruit color variation in pepper (Capsicum spp.). However, the role of PSY2 remains unknown. We used a systemic approach to examine the genetic factors responsible for the yellow fruit color of C. annuum ‘MicroPep Yellow’ (MY) and to determine the role of PSY2 in fruit color. We detected complete deletion of PSY1 and a retrotransposon insertion in CCS. Despite the loss of PSY1 and CCS function, both MY and mutant F2 plants from a cross between MY and the ‘MicroPep Red’ (MR) accumulated basal levels of carotenoids, indicating that other PSY genes may complement the loss of PSY1. qRT-PCR analysis indicated that PSY2 was constitutively expressed in both MR and MY fruits, and a color complementation assay using Escherichia coli revealed that PSY2 was capable of biosynthesizing a carotenoid. Virus-induced gene silencing of PSY2 in MY resulted in white fruits. These findings indicate that PSY2 can compensate for the absence of PSY1 in pepper fruit, resulting in the yellow color of MY fruits.
The [C ii]/[N ii] ratio in 3 < z < 6 sub-millimetre galaxies from the South Pole Telescope survey
Authors: Cunningham D J M , Chapman S C , Aravena M , De Breuck C , Béthermin M , Chen Chian-Chou , Dong Chenxing , Gonzalez A H , Greve T R , Litke K C , Ma J , Malkan M , Marrone D P , Miller T , Phadke K A , Reuter C , Rotermund K , Spilker J S , Stark A A , Strandet M , Vieira J D , Weiß A
Published: March 2020

We present Atacama Compact Array and Atacama Pathfinder Experiment observations of the [N ii] 205 μm fine-structure line in 40 sub-millimetre galaxies lying at redshifts z = 3–6, drawn from the 2500 deg2 South Pole Telescope survey. This represents the largest uniformly selected sample of high-redshift [N ii] 205 μm measurements to date. 29 sources also have [C ii] 158 μm line observations allowing a characterization of the distribution of the [C ii] to [N ii] luminosity ratio for the first time at high redshift. The sample exhibits a median L$_{{\rm{[C\,{\small II}]}}}$/L$_{{\rm{[N\,{\small II}]}}}$ ≈ 11.0 and interquartile range of 5.0 –24.7. These ratios are similar to those observed in local (Ultra)luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs), possibly indicating similarities in their interstellar medium. At the extremes, we find individual sub-millimetre galaxies with L$_{{\rm{[C\,{\small II}]}}}$/L$_{{\rm{[N\,{\small II}]}}}$ low enough to suggest a smaller contribution from neutral gas than ionized gas to the [C ii] flux and high enough to suggest strongly photon or X-ray region dominated flux. These results highlight a large range in this line luminosity ratio for sub-millimetre galaxies, which may be caused by variations in gas density, the relative abundances of carbon and nitrogen, ionization parameter, metallicity, and a variation in the fractional abundance of ionized and neutral interstellar medium.
Spacecraft and interplanetary contributions to the magnetic environment on-board LISA Pathfinder
Authors: Armano M , Audley H , Baird J , Binetruy P , Born M , Bortoluzzi D , Castelli E , Cavalleri A , Cesarini A , Cruise A M , Danzmann K , de Deus Silva M , Diepholz I , Dixon G , Dolesi R , Ferraioli L , Ferroni V , Fitzsimons E D , Freschi M , Gesa L , Gibert F , Giardini D , Giusteri R , Grimani C , Grzymisch J , Harrison I , Hartig M-S , Heinzel G , Hewitson M , Hollington D , Hoyland D , Hueller M , Inchauspé H , Jennrich O , Jetzer P , Karnesis N , Kaune B , Korsakova N , Killow C J , Lobo J A , Liu L , López-Zaragoza J P , Maarschalkerweerd R , Mance D , Martín V , Martin-Polo L , Martino J , Martin-Porqueras F , Mateos I , McNamara P W , Mendes J , Mendes L , Meshksar N , Nofrarias M , Paczkowski S , Perreur-Lloyd M , Petiteau A , Pivato P , Plagnol E , Ramos-Castro J , Reiche J , Rivas F , Robertson D I , Roma-Dollase D , Russano G , Slutsky J , Sopuerta C F , Sumner T , Telloni D , Texier D , Thorpe J I , Trenkel C , Vetrugno D , Vitale S , Wanner G , Ward H , Wass P J , Wealthy D , Weber W J , Wissel L , Wittchen A , Zweifel P
Published: March 2020

LISA Pathfinder (LPF) has been a space-based mission designed to test new technologies that will be required for a gravitational wave observatory in space. Magnetically driven forces play a key role in the instrument sensitivity in the low-frequency regime (mHz and below), the measurement band of interest for a space-based observatory. The magnetic field can couple to the magnetic susceptibility and remanent magnetic moment from the test masses and disturb them from their geodesic movement. LPF carried on-board a dedicated magnetic measurement subsystem with noise levels of 10 $\rm nT \ Hz^{-1/2}$ from 1 Hz down to 1 mHz. In this paper we report on the magnetic measurements throughout LPF operations. We characterize the magnetic environment within the spacecraft, study the time evolution of the magnetic field and its stability down to 20 μHz, where we measure values around 200 $\rm nT \ Hz^{-1/2}$, and identify two different frequency regimes, one related to the interplanetary magnetic field and the other to the magnetic field originating inside the spacecraft. Finally, we characterize the non-stationary component of the fluctuations of the magnetic field below the mHz and relate them to the dynamics of the solar wind.
The effect of surface gravity on line-depth ratios in the wavelength range 0.97–1.32 µm
Authors: Jian Mingjie , Taniguchi Daisuke , Matsunaga Noriyuki , Kobayashi Naoto , Ikeda Yuji , Yasui Chikako , Kondo Sohei , Sameshima Hiroaki , Hamano Satoshi , Fukue Kei , Arai Akira , Otsubo Shogo , Kawakita Hideyo
Published: March 2020

A line-depth ratio (LDR) of two spectral lines with different excitation potentials is expected to be correlated with the effective temperature (Teff). It is possible to determine Teff of a star with a precision of tens of Kelvin if dozens or hundreds of tight LDR–Teff relations can be used. Most of the previous studies on the LDR method were limited to optical wavelengths, but Taniguchi and collaborators reported 81 LDR relations in the YJ band, 0.97–1.32 µm, in 2018. However, with their sample of only 10 giants, it was impossible to account for the effects of surface gravity and metallicity on the LDRs well. Here, we investigate the gravity effect based on YJ-band spectra of 63 stars including dwarfs, giants, and supergiants observed with the WINERED spectrograph. We found that some LDR–Teff relations show clear offsets between the sequence of dwarfs and those of giants/supergiants. The difference between the ionization potentials of the elements considered in each line pair and the corresponding difference in the depths can, at least partly, explain the dependency of the LDR on the surface gravity. In order to expand the stellar parameter ranges that the LDR method can cover with high precision, we obtained new sets of LDR–Teff relations for solar-metal G0–K4 dwarfs and F7–K5 supergiants, respectively. The typical precision that can be achieved with our relations is 10–30 K for both dwarfs and supergiants.
Energy optimization in binary star systems: explanation for equal mass members in close orbits
Authors: Adams Fred C , Batygin Konstantin , Bloch Anthony M
Published: March 2020

Observations indicate that members of close stellar binaries often have mass ratios close to unity, while longer period systems exhibit a more uniform mass-ratio distribution. This paper provides a theoretical explanation for this finding by determining the tidal equilibrium states for binary star systems – subject to the constraints of conservation of angular momentum and constant total mass. This work generalizes previous treatments by including the mass fraction as a variable in the optimization problem. The results show that the lowest energy state accessible to the system corresponds to equal mass stars on a circular orbit, where the stellar spin angular velocities are both synchronized and aligned with the orbit. These features are roughly consistent with observed properties of close binary systems. We also find the conditions required for this minimum energy state to exist: (1) the total angular momentum must exceed a critical value, (2) the orbital angular momentum must be three times greater than the total spin angular momentum, and (3) the semimajor axis is bounded from above. The last condition implies that sufficiently wide binaries are not optimized with equal mass stars, where the limiting binary separation occurs near a0 ≈ 16R*.