bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Material Science in Cervical Total Disc Replacement
Authors: Pham Martin H. , Mehta Vivek A. , Tuchman Alexander , Hsieh Patrick C.
Published: October 2015

Current cervical total disc replacement (TDR) designs incorporate a variety of different biomaterials including polyethylene, stainless steel, titanium (Ti), and cobalt-chrome (CoCr). These materials are most important in their utilization as bearing surfaces which allow for articular motion at the disc space. Long-term biological effects of implanted materials include wear debris, host inflammatory immune reactions, and osteolysis resulting in implant failure. We review here the most common materials used in cervical TDR prosthetic devices, examine their bearing surfaces, describe the construction of the seven current cervical TDR devices that are approved for use in the United States, and discuss known adverse biological effects associated with long-term implantation of these materials. It is important to appreciate and understand the variety of biomaterials available in the design and construction of these prosthetics and the considerations which guide their implementation.
Adaptation to Resistance Training Is Associated with Higher Phagocytic (but Not Oxidative) Activity in Neutrophils of Older Women
Authors: Bartholomeu-Neto João , Brito Ciro José , Nóbrega Otávio Toledo , Sousa Vinícius Carolino , Oliveira Toledo Juliana , Silva Paula Roberta , Alves David Junger Fonseca , Ferreira Aparecido Pimentel , Franco Moraes Clayton , Córdova Cláudio
Published: October 2015

Failure in antimicrobial activity contributes to high morbidity and mortality in the geriatric population. Little is known about the potential effect of resistance training (RT) on the functional properties of the innate immunity. This study aimed to investigate the influence of long-term RT on the endocytic and oxidative activities of neutrophils and monocytes in healthy older women. Our results indicate that the phagocytosis index (PhI) of neutrophils (but not of monocytes) in the RT-adapted group was significantly higher (P<0.001; effect size, (d) = 0.90, 95% CI: [0.75–1.04]) compared to that in sedentary subjects. In contrast, the oxidative activity of either neutrophils or monocytes was not significantly influenced by RT. Also, total energy and carbohydrate intake as well as serum IL6 levels had a significant influence on the phagocytic activity of neutrophils (P=0.04), being considered in the model. Multivariate regression identified the physical condition of the subject (β=0.425;P=0.01) as a significant predictor of PhI. In conclusion, circulating neutrophils of older women adapted to a long-term RT program expressed higher phagocytic activity.
Bipolar Transurethral Incision of Bladder Neck Stenoses with Mitomycin C Injection
Authors: Lyon Timothy D. , Ayyash Omar M. , Ferroni Matthew C. , Rycyna Kevin J. , Chen Mang L.
Published: October 2015

Introduction. To determine the efficacy of bipolar transurethral incision with mitomycin C (MMC) injection for the treatment of refractory bladder neck stenosis (BNS).Materials and Methods. Patients who underwent bipolar transurethral incision of BNS (TUIBNS) with MMC injection at our institution from 2013 to 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 2 mg of 40% mitomycin C solution was injected in four quadrants of the treated BNS. Treatment failure was defined as the need for subsequent intervention.Results. Thirteen patients underwent 17 bipolar TUIBNS with MMC injection. Twelve (92%) patients had failed a mean of 2.2 ± 1.1 prior endoscopic procedures. Median follow-up was 16.5 months (IQR: 14–18.4 months). Initial success was 62%; five (38%) patients had a recurrence with a median time to recurrence of 7.3 months. Four patients underwent a repeat procedure, 2 (50%) of which failed. Overall success was achieved in 77% (10/13) of patients after a mean of 1.3 ± 0.5 procedures. BNS recurrence was not significantly associated with history of pelvic radiation (33% versus 43%,p=0.9). There were no serious adverse events.Conclusions. Bipolar TUIBNS with MMC injection was comparable in efficacy to previously reported techniques and did not result in any serious adverse events.
A Comparison Effect of Copper Nanoparticles versus Copper Sulphate on JuvenileEpinephelus coioides: Growth Parameters, Digestive Enzymes, Body Composition, and Histology as Biomarkers
Authors: Wang Tao , Long Xiaohua , Cheng Yongzhou , Liu Zhaopu , Yan Shaohua
Published: October 2015

Copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) are components in numerous commercial products, but little is known about their potential hazard in the marine environments. In this study the effects of Cu-NPs and soluble Cu on juvenileEpinephelus coioideswere investigated. The fish were exposed in triplicate to control, 20 or 100 µg Cu L−1as either copper sulphate (CuSO4) or Cu-NPs for 25 days. The growth performance decreased with increasing CuSO4or Cu-NPs dose, more so in the CuSO4than Cu-NPs treatment. Both forms of Cu exposure inhibited activities of digestive enzymes (protease, amylase, and lipase) found in liver, stomach, and intestine. With an increase in CuSO4and Cu-NPs dose, crude protein and crude lipid decreased, but ash and moisture increased, more so in the CuSO4than Cu-NPs treatment. The Cu-NPs treatment caused pathologies in liver and gills, and the kinds of pathologies were broadly of the same type as with CuSO4. With an increase in CuSO4or Cu-NPs dose, the total polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased, but total monounsaturated fatty acids and total saturated fatty acids increased compared to control. Overall, these data showed that Cu-NPs had a similar type of toxic effects as CuSO4, but soluble Cu was more toxic than Cu-NPs.
Lipoxin Inhibits Fungal Uptake by Macrophages and Reduces the Severity of Acute Pulmonary Infection Caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Authors: Ribeiro Laura R. R. , Loures Flávio V. , Araújo Eliseu F. de , Feriotti Cláudia , Costa Tânia A. , Serezani Carlos Henrique , Jancar Sonia , Calich Vera L. G.
Published: October 2015

Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) and lipoxins (LXs) are lipid mediators that control inflammation, with the former inducing and the latter inhibiting this process. Because the role played by these mediators in paracoccidioidomycosis was not investigated, we aimed to characterize the role of CysLT in the pulmonary infection developed by resistant (A/J) and susceptible (B10.A) mice. 48 h after infection, elevated levels of pulmonary LTC4 and LXA4 were produced by both mouse strains, but higher levels were found in the lungs of susceptible mice. Blocking the CysLTs receptor by MTL reduced fungal loads in B10.A, but not in A/J mice. In susceptible mice, MLT treatment led to reduced influx of PMN leukocytes, increased recruitment of monocytes, predominant synthesis of anti‐inflammatory cytokines, and augmented expression of 5‐ and 15‐lipoxygenase mRNA, suggesting a prevalent LXA4 activity. In agreement, MTL‐treated macrophages showed reduced fungal burdens associated with decreased ingestion of fungal cells. Furthermore, the addition of exogenous LX reduced, and the specific blockade of the LX receptor increased the fungal loads of B10.A macrophages. This study showed for the first time that inhibition of CysLTs signaling results in less severe pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis that occurs in parallel with elevated LX activity and reduced infection of macrophages.
Atypical Case of Three Dental Implants Displaced into the Maxillary Sinus
Authors: Bruniera João Felipe Bonatto , Silva-Sousa Yara Teresinha Corrêa , Faria Paulo Esteves Pinto
Published: October 2015

Oral rehabilitation with dental implants has become a routine treatment in contemporary dentistry. The displacement of dental implants into the sinus membrane, a complication related to the maxillary sinus, is one of the most common accidents reported in the literature. The treatment for this complication is the surgical removal of the implant. A 60-year-old woman with three dental implants displaced into the maxillary sinus (one implant displaced into the left maxillary sinus and two implants displaced into the right maxillary sinus) underwent surgery for removal of the implants. The surgery to remove the implants was performed under local anesthesia through the Caldwell-Luc technique. The patient was subsequently administered antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic drugs. The patient returned 7 days after the surgery for suture removal and is being regularly monitored to determine whether future rehabilitation of the edentulous area is necessary. In conclusion, surgical removal of the dental implant displaced into the maxillary sinus is the treatment of choice. This technique is appropriate because it allows the use of local anesthesia and provides direct visualization for the removal of the implants.
Real Time Cardan Shaft State Estimation of High-Speed Train Based on Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition
Authors: Yi Cai , Lin Jianhui , Ruan Tengda , Li Yanping
Published: October 2015

Due to the special location and structure of transmission system on high-speed train named CRH5, dynamic unbalance state of the cardan shaft will pose a threat to the train servicing safety, so effective methods that test the cardan shaft operating information and estimate the performance state in real time are needed. In this study a useful estimation method based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) is presented. By using this method, time-frequency characteristic of cardan shaft can be extracted effectively by separating the gearbox vibration acceleration data. Preliminary analysis suggests that the pinions rotating vibration separated from gearbox vibration by EEMD can be used as important assessment basis to estimate cardan shaft state. With two sets gearbox vibration signals collected from the in-service train at different running speed, the comparative analysis verifies that the proposed method has high effectiveness for cardan-shaft state estimate. Of course, it needs further research to quantify the performance state of cardan shaft based on this method.
Generalized Serre Problem over Elementary Divisor Rings
Authors: Zheng Licui , Liu Jinwang , Liu Weijun
Published: October 2015

Matrix factorization has been widely investigated in the past years due to its fundamental importance in several areas of engineering. This paper investigates completion and zero prime factorization of matrices over elementary divisor rings (EDR). The Serre problem and Lin-Bose problems are generalized to EDR and are completely solved.
Exposure Assessment Based Recommendations to Improve Nanosafety at Nanoliposome Production Sites
Authors: Bressot Christophe , Shandilya Neeraj , Nogueira Eugénia Sofia da Costa , Cavaco-Paulo Artur , Morgeneyer Martin , Le Bihan Olivier , Aguerre-Chariol Olivier
Published: October 2015

The NANOFOL concept aims at creating nanodevices containing a drug for inflammatory disorder treatment. This paper provides recommendations for nanosafety based on a measurement campaign which aimed at identifying exposure risks with respect to two specific phases of the product’s lifecycle, that is, production of the device and its waste management. The nanoparticle’s presence both in air and in liquid phase was studied. While no emissions were detected during the production period, many recommendations have been made, particularly regarding the nanowaste treatment, based on nanosafety guidelines.
Damage Localization of an Offshore Platform considering Temperature Variations
Authors: Wang Shuqing , Zhang Min , Li Huajun
Published: October 2015

Modal parameters are sensitive indicators of structural damages. However, these modal parameters are sensitive not only to damage, but also to the environmental variations. Development of vibration based damage detection methodology which is robust to environmental variation is essentially important for the structural safety. The present paper utilizes a recently developed modal strain energy decomposition (MSED) method to localize the damage of an offshore structure. A progress of the present paper is to take the temperature variation into consideration and Monte Carlo simulation is introduced to investigate the effect of temperature variation on the robustness of damage localization. Numerical study is conducted on an offshore platform structure considering the temperature variation. Several damage cases, including single and double damage scenarios, are included to investigate the damage localization algorithm. Results indicate that the MSED algorithm is able to detect the damage despite the temperature variations.
A Composite Gene Expression Signature Optimizes Prediction of Colorectal Cancer Metastasis and Outcome
Authors: Schell Michael J. , Yang Mingli , Missiaglia Edoardo , Delorenzi Mauro , Soneson Charlotte , Yue Binglin , Nebozhyn Michael V. , Loboda Andrey , Bloom Gregory , Yeatman Timothy J.
Published: October 2015

Purpose: We previously found that an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)–based gene expression signature was highly correlated with the first principal component (PC1) of 326 colorectal cancer tumors and was prognostic. This study was designed to improve these signatures for better prediction of metastasis and outcome.

Experimental Design: A total of 468 colorectal cancer tumors including all stages (I–IV) and metastatic lesions were used to develop a new prognostic score (ΔPC1.EMT) by subtracting the EMT signature score from its correlated PC1 signature score. The score was validated on six other independent datasets with a total of 3,697 tumors.

Results: ΔPC1.EMT was found to be far more predictive of metastasis and outcome than its parent scores. It performed well in stages I to III, among microsatellite instability subtypes, and across multiple mutation-based subclasses, demonstrating a refined capacity to predict distant metastatic potential even in tumors with a “good” prognosis. For example, in the PETACC-3 clinical trial dataset, it predicted worse overall survival in an adjusted multivariable model for stage III patients (HR standardized by interquartile range [IQR] = 1.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.25–1.81; P = 0.000016, N = 644). The improved performance of ΔPC1.EMT was related to its propensity to identify epithelial-like subpopulations as well as mesenchymal-like subpopulations. Biologically, the signature was correlated positively with RAS signaling but negatively with mitochondrial metabolism. ΔPC1.EMT was a “best of assessed” prognostic score when compared with 10 other known prognostic signatures.

Conclusions: The study developed a prognostic signature score with a propensity to detect non-EMT features, including epithelial cancer stem cell–related properties, thereby improving its potential to predict metastasis and poorer outcome in stage I–III patients. Clin Cancer Res; 22(3); 734–45. ©2015 AACR.
A Phase II Trial of AZD6244 (Selumetinib, ARRY-142886), an Oral MEK1/2 Inhibitor, in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Holkova Beata , Zingone Adriana , Kmieciak Maciej , Bose Prithviraj , Badros Ashraf Z. , Voorhees Peter M. , Baz Rachid , Korde Neha , Lin Hui-Yi , Chen Jin-Qiu , Herrmann Michelle , Xi Liqiang , Raffeld Mark , Zhao Xiuhua , Wan Wen , Tombes Mary Beth , Shrader Ellen , Weir-Wiggins Caryn , Sankala Heidi , Hogan Kevin T. , Doyle Austin , Annunziata Christina M. , Wellons Martha , Roberts John D. , Sullivan Daniel , Landgren Ola , Grant Steven
Published: October 2015

Purpose: AZD6244 is a MEK1/2 inhibitor with significant preclinical activity in multiple myeloma cells. This phase II study used a two-stage Simon design to determine the AZD6244 response rate in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.

Experimental Design: AZD6244 (75 mg) was administered orally, twice a day, continuously for 28-day cycles. Response was evaluated after three cycles.

Results: Thirty-six patients received therapy. The median age was 65 years (range: 43–81) and the median number of prior therapies was 5 (range: 2–11). The most common grade 3 and 4 toxicities included anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, diarrhea, and fatigue. Three deaths occurred possibly related to AZD6244 (2 due to sepsis, 1 due to acute kidney injury). After AZD6244 discontinuation, three additional deaths occurred due to disease progression. The response rate (CR + PR) was 5.6% with a mean duration of response of 4.95 months and median progression-free survival time of 3.52 months. One patient had a very good partial response (VGPR), 1 patient had a partial response, 17 patients had stable disease, 13 patients had progressive disease, and 4 patients could not be assessed for response. Pharmacodynamic studies revealed variable effects on bone marrow CD138+ cell MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. The best clinical response, a prolonged VGPR, occurred in a patient with an MMSET translocation.

Conclusions: Single-agent AZD6244 was tolerable and had minimal activity in this heavily pretreated population. Clin Cancer Res; 22(5); 1067–75. ©2015 AACR.
A Cross-Species Analysis in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors Reveals Molecular Subtypes with Distinctive Clinical, Metastatic, Developmental, and Metabolic Characteristics
Authors: Sadanandam Anguraj , Wullschleger Stephan , Lyssiotis Costas A. , Grötzinger Carsten , Barbi Stefano , Bersani Samantha , Körner Jan , Wafy Ismael , Mafficini Andrea , Lawlor Rita T. , Simbolo Michele , Asara John M. , Bläker Hendrik , Cantley Lewis C. , Wiedenmann Bertram , Scarpa Aldo , Hanahan Douglas
Published: October 2015

Seeking to assess the representative and instructive value of an engineered mouse model of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNET) for its cognate human cancer, we profiled and compared mRNA and miRNA transcriptomes of tumors from both. Mouse PanNET tumors could be classified into two distinctive subtypes, well-differentiated islet/insulinoma tumors (IT) and poorly differentiated tumors associated with liver metastases, dubbed metastasis-like primary (MLP). Human PanNETs were independently classified into these same two subtypes, along with a third, specific gene mutation–enriched subtype. The MLP subtypes in human and mouse were similar to liver metastases in terms of miRNA and mRNA transcriptome profiles and signature genes. The human/mouse MLP subtypes also similarly expressed genes known to regulate early pancreas development, whereas the IT subtypes expressed genes characteristic of mature islet cells, suggesting different tumorigenesis pathways. In addition, these subtypes exhibit distinct metabolic profiles marked by differential pyruvate metabolism, substantiating the significance of their separate identities.

Significance: This study involves a comprehensive cross-species integrated analysis of multi-omics profiles and histology to stratify PanNETs into subtypes with distinctive characteristics. We provide support for the RIP1-TAG2 mouse model as representative of its cognate human cancer with prospects to better understand PanNET heterogeneity and consider future applications of personalized cancer therapy. Cancer Discov; 5(12); 1296–313. ©2015 AACR.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1225
Treatment of Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes with Oligo-/Anhydramnion Colonized by Multiresistant Bacteria with Continuous Amnioinfusion and Antibiotic Administrations through a Subcutaneously Implanted Intrauterine Port System: A Case Report
Authors: Tchirikov Michael , Zhumadilov Zhaxybay , Winarno Andreas Suhartoyo , Haase Roland , Buchmann Jörg
Published: October 2015

Bacterial infection is one of the main causes of preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) leading to preterm delivery, pulmonary hypoplasia, sepsis and joint deformities. Expectant management, broad-spectrum antibiotics and antenatal corticosteroids are routinely used in this condition with very limited success to prevent bacteremia, chorioamnionitis, funisitis and intra-amniotic infection syndrome. Here, we report a case in which we attempted to treat PPROM at 26+3 weeks of gestation with anhydramnion colonized by multiresistant Klebsiella. A perinatal port system was implanted subcutaneously at 28+0 weeks of gestation, enabling long-term continuous lavage of the amniotic cavity with a hypotonic aqueous composition similar to human amniotic fluid combined with intra-amniotic antibiotic application. The patient gave birth to a preterm female infant at 31+1 weeks without any signs of infection. The girl was discharged with a weight of 2,730 g in very good condition. In the follow-up examinations at 5 months and 1 year of age, there was no apparent neurological disturbance, developmental delay or Klebsiella colonization.
Molecular Heterogeneity of Thalassemia among Pregnant Laotian Women
Authors: Wongprachum Kasama , Sanchaisuriya Kanokwan , Dethvongphanh Maneelay , Norcharoen Boualay , Htalongsengchan Bousanit , Vidamaly Virack , Sanchaisuriya Pattara , Fucharoen Supan , Fucharoen Goonnapa , Schelp Frank P.
Published: October 2015

Background and Aims: A pilot screening program for thalassemia was initiated in the Lao People's Democratic Republic. This study aimed to describe the genotype diversity and hematologic features of thalassemia among the participating pregnant women. Methods: Blood samples of 411 pregnant Laotian women were collected. Hemoglobin (Hb) profiles were determined using a capillary zone electrophoresis system. Mutations of α- and β-globin genes were investigated using a polymerase chain reaction and related techniques. Results: As many as 26 different thalassemia genotypes including non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia, i.e. Hb E-β-thalassemia, Hb H, and EA Bart's diseases, were identified. A variety of phenotypic expressions of hematologic features and Hb profiles were observed, including an unusual phenotype of Hb E-β⁰ thalassemia with 89.1% Hb E, 1.6% Hb F, and 9.3% Hb A2. Conclusions: The remarkable genotype-phenotype diversity indicates a need for careful laboratory interpretation in order to provide appropriate genetic counseling and care to the Laotian population.
Presence of 21-Hydroxylase Antibodies in a Boy with X-Linked Adrenal Hypoplasia Congenita
Authors: Bansal Shipra , Castells Salvador , Umpaichitra Vatcharapan , Perez-Colon Sheila
Published: October 2015

Background: X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita is a rare cause of primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) in children due to mutations in NR0B1/DAX1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 0, group B, member 1/dosage-sensitive sex reversal-adrenal hypoplasia congenita at the critical region of the X chromosome, gene 1). Another rare cause of PAI in children is autoimmune adrenal disease (AAD) which could be either isolated or as part of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome. Antibody to major auto-antigen, 21-hydroxylase, is highly specific for AAD. Methods: We report a now 19-month-old male with PAI due to NR0B1 gene mutation and positive adrenal antibodies. Initially, he presented at 15 days of life with isolated hypoaldosteronism which later unfolded into complete PAI. Data analysis was done via retrospective chart review. Results: Genetic analysis of the NR0B1 gene revealed a known hemizygous mutation in c.1069C>T; p.Gln357X. Simultaneously, he was noted to have positive 21-hydroxylase antibodies. Conclusion: According to our knowledge, this is the first case in the literature with NR0B1 mutation causing adrenal insufficiency with coexistent positive adrenal antibodies. In addition to his already compromised adrenal function due to NR0B1 mutation, he is now at risk for the development of associated autoimmune conditions requiring close follow-up.
Experience of Octreotide Therapy for Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia in Neonates Born Small for Gestational Age: A Case Series
Authors: Pan Sinian , Zhang Min , Li Yinya
Published: October 2015

Aims: Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HH) is common in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) neonates. Diazoxide is often used as the first-line medication for HH in SGA neonates. Unfortunately, diazoxide is not authorized in China. We examined the effectiveness of octreotide as an alternative therapy to treat HH in SGA neonates. There is limited data on the use of octreotide in HH of SGA neonates. Methods: Seven SGA neonates with HH who were admitted to the Department of Neonatology at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between January 2013 and December 2014 received octreotide at an initial dose of 5 μg/kg/day through subcutaneous injection at 8-hour intervals. Depending on the glycemic control, the dose of octreotide was increased in increments of 2-5 μg/kg/day every 3-5 days to the maximum dose of 30 μg/kg/day. Results: The age of neonates with HH diagnosis ranged from 1 to 4 days. The maximum dose of octreotide ranged from 8 to 18 μg/kg/day. The duration of octreotide therapy ranged from 9 to 45 days. All patients had a clear glycemic response to octreotide, and no major adverse events were observed during the treatment. Conclusions: Octreotide may be a useful alternative therapy in HH of SGA neonates when diazoxide is unavailable.
The alternative complement pathway is longitudinally associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes
Authors: Hertle Elisabeth , Arts Ilja C. W. , Kallen Carla J. H. van der , Feskens Edith J. M. , Schalkwijk Casper G. , Stehouwer Coen D. A. , Greevenbroek Marleen M. J. van
Published: October 2015

The alternative pathway of complement activation is highly reactive and can be activated spontaneously in the vasculature. Activation may contribute to vascular damage and development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to investigate functional components of the alternative pathway in cardiovascular risk. We studied 573 individuals who were followed-up for seven years. At baseline, we measured the enhancer properdin; the rate-limiting protease factor D (FD); and a marker of systemic activation, Bb. Using generalised estimating equations, we investigated their longitudinal associations with cardiovascular events (CVE, N=89), CVD (N=159), low-grade inflammation (LGI), endothelial dysfunction (ED) and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). Furthermore, we investigated associations with incident CVE (N=39) and CVD (N=73) in 342 participants free of CVD at baseline. CVE included myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiac angioplasty and/or cardiac bypass. CVD additionally included ischaemia on an electrocardiogram and/or ankle-brachial index < 0.9. In adjusted analyses, properdin was positively associated with CVE (per 1SD, longitudinal OR=1.36 [1.07; 1.74], OR for incident CVE=1.53 [1.06; 2.20]), but not with CVD. Properdin was also positively associated with ED (β=0.13 [95 %CI 0.06; 0.20]), but not with LGI or cIMT. FD and Bb were positively associated with LGI (per 1SD, FD: β=0.21 [0.12; 0.29], Bb: β=0.14 [0.07; 0.21]), and ED (FD: β=0.20 [0.11; 0.29], Bb: β=0.10 [0.03; 0.18]), but not with cIMT, CVE or CVD. Taken together, this suggests that the alternative complement pathway contributes to processes of vascular damage, and that in particular a high potential to enhance alternative pathway activation may promote unfavourable cardiovascular outcomes in humans.

Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
Beyond Words: A Question for Oliver Davies about Transcendence and Transformation
Authors: Wright Stephen John
Published: October 2015

This article engages with the work of Oliver Davies to ask about the role of divine transcendence in Davies’ project of ‘Transformation Theology’. While Davies argues that a theology of transcendence paints a picture of a remote God, this article asks whether this is an accurate reading of the tradition of thinking about divine transcendence. The tradition, this article argues, has commonly depicted transcendence as that feature of divinity that enables, rather than hinders, divine agency in the world. As a result, the article asks of Davies whether a conscious positive engagement with the concept of divine transcendence might actually aid the cause of ‘Transformation Theology’.
Ghanaian Pentecostal Churches’ Mission Approaches
Authors: White Peter , Niemandt Cornelius J.P.
Published: October 2015

Mission is first and foremost about God and God’s historical redemptive initiative on behalf of creation. In this regard, the Third Lausanne Congress affirms that the Church is called to witness to Christ today by sharing in God’s mission of love through the transforming power of the Holy Spirit. The World Council of Churches states that ‘all Christians, churches and congregations are called to be vibrant messengers of the gospel of Jesus Christ’. How the Church participates in the mission of God is a question on which one should reflect. This article therefore discusses the mission approaches of Ghanaian Pentecostal churches. The article begins with a description of the Ghanaian mission strategic plan, their spiritual approach to mission, and then proceeds with other approaches in the light of Walls’ ‘five marks of mission’ (i.e. evangelism, discipleship, responding to the social needs of people through love, transforming the unjust structures of society, and safe-guarding the integrity of creation) and Krintzinger’s (and others’) holistic mission approach (i.e. kerygmatic, diaconal, fellowship, and liturgical). This article argues that mission should be approached with a careful strategy.
The synopsis of the genus Gagea (Liliaceae) in Turkey
Authors: Tekşen Mehtap , Karaman Erkul Seher
Published: October 2015

In this study, the synopsis of the genus Gagea taxa in Turkey is presented. According to Flora of Turkey, the genus has 26 taxa (25 species and one subspecies) in Turkey, however at the end of this study, the number has been increased to 29 species. It has been determined that G. foliosa, G. fibrosa, G. granatellii, G. taurica, and G. tenera do not actually occurr in Turkey. It has been confirmed that G. rigida, G. alexeenkoana, G. commutata, and G. chlorantha occur in the country. Diagnostic keys are provided for both sections and species within the genus.
Zoeal stages of Labidochirus anomalus (Balss, 1913) (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae) obtained under laboratory conditions
Authors: KORNIENKO ELENA S. , KORN OLGA M.
Published: October 2015

Zoeal stages of the hermit crab Labidochirus anomalus (Balss, 1913) (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae) are described and illustrated from the larvae reared in the laboratory. The development included four zoeal stages following the typical pattern in the Paguridae. Morphological features of the larvae of L. anomalus are compared with those described for the related species L. splendescens (Owen, 1839). The larvae of both species share numerous zoeal characters and are similar as the species of one genus. At the same time, zoeae of L. anomalus have no dorsal carina on the carapace and long posterolateral carapace spines—key features of the larvae of L. splendescens. These zoeal characters considered as generic are not characteristic of only the genus Labidochirus but sporadically occur among Pagurus species. Main characters of zoeal stages allow assignment of both Labidochirus species to the Group A of Pagurus (the typical representative P. bernhardus).
Contribution to the knowledge of the mayfly genus Teloganella Ulmer, 1939 (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerelloidea)
Authors: KLUGE NIKITA J. , SELVAKUMAR C. , SIVARAMAKRISHNAN K. G. , JACOBUS LUKE M.
Published: October 2015

We consider the genus Janohyphella Selvakumar, Sivaramakrishnan & Jacobus, 2014 (Ephemeroptera:Teloganodidae) to be a new junior synonym of Teloganella Ulmer, 1939 [=Janohyphella, syn. n.] based on comparative examination of new and previously studied materials from Malaysia and India. Thus, we propose the following new combination, Teloganella indica, comb. n., and provide new or modified diagnoses for this species, T. umbrata Ulmer, 1939 and the genus Teloganella Ulmer, 1939.
A Minimum Standard for Publishing Computational Results in the Weather and Climate Sciences
Authors: Irving Damien
Published: October 2015

Weather and climate science has undergone a computational revolution in recent decades, to the point where all modern research relies heavily on software and code. Despite this profound change in the research methods employed by weather and climate scientists, the reporting of computational results has changed very little in relevant academic journals. This lag has led to something of a reproducibility crisis, whereby it is impossible to replicate and verify most of today’s published computational results. While it is tempting to simply decry the slow response of journals and funding agencies in the face of this crisis, there are very few examples of reproducible weather and climate research upon which to base new communication standards. In an attempt to address this deficiency, this essay describes a procedure for reporting computational results that was employed in a recent Journal of Climate paper. The procedure was developed to be consistent with recommended computational best practices and seeks to minimize the time burden on authors, which has been identified as the most important barrier to publishing code. It should provide a starting point for weather and climate scientists looking to publish reproducible research, and it is proposed that journals could adopt the procedure as a minimum standard.
Reconciling Past and Future Rainfall Trends over East Africa
Authors: Rowell David P. , Booth Ben B. B. , Nicholson Sharon E. , Good Peter
Published: October 2015

The “long rains” season of East Africa has recently experienced a series of devastating droughts, whereas the majority of climate models predict increasing rainfall for the coming decades. This has been termed the East African climate paradox and has implications for developing viable adaptation policies. A logical framework is adopted that leads to six key hypotheses that could explain this paradox. The first hypothesis that the recent observed trend is due to poor quality data is promptly rejected. An initial judgment on the second hypothesis that the projected trend is founded on poor modeling is beyond the scope of a single study. Analysis of a natural variability hypothesis suggests this is unlikely to have been the dominant driver of recent droughts, although it may have contributed. The next two hypotheses explore whether the balance between competing forcings could be changing. Regarding the possibility that the past trend could be due to changing anthropogenic aerosol emissions, the results of sensitivity experiments are highly model dependent, but some show a significant impact on the patterns of tropical SST trends, aspects of which likely caused the recent long rains droughts. Further experiments suggest land-use changes are unlikely to have caused the recent droughts. The last hypothesis that the response to CO2 emissions is nonlinear explains no more than 10% of the contrast between recent and projected trends. In conclusion, it is recommended that research priorities now focus on providing a process-based expert judgment of the reliability of East Africa projections, improving the modeling of aerosol impacts on rainfall, and better understanding the relevant natural variability.
Energetics of Bottom Ekman Layers during Buoyancy Arrest
Authors: Umlauf Lars , Smyth William D. , Moum James N.
Published: October 2015

Turbulent bottom Ekman layers are among the most important energy conversion sites in the ocean. Their energetics are notoriously complex, in particular near sloping topography, where the feedback between cross-slope Ekman transports, buoyancy forcing, and mixing affects the energy budget in ways that are not well understood. Here, the authors attempt to clarify the energy pathways and different routes to mixing, using a combined theoretical and modeling approach. The analysis is based on a newly developed energy flux diagram for turbulent Ekman layers near sloping topography that allows for an exact definition of the different energy reservoirs and energy pathways. Using a second-moment turbulence model, it is shown that mixing efficiencies increase for increasing slope angle and interior stratification, but do not exceed the threshold of 5% except for very steep slopes, where the canonical value of 20% may be reached. Available potential energy generated by cross-slope advection may equal up to 70% of the energy lost to dissipation for upwelling-favorable flow, and up to 40% for downwelling-favorable flow.
Impact of Coupling an Ocean Model to WRF Nor’easter Simulations
Authors: Nicholls Stephen D. , Decker Steven G.
Published: October 2015

The impact of ocean–atmosphere coupling and its possible seasonal dependence upon Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model simulations of seven, wintertime cyclone events was investigated. Model simulations were identical aside from the degree of ocean model coupling (static SSTs, 1D mixed layer model, full-physics 3D ocean model). Both 1D and 3D ocean model coupling simulations show that SSTs following the passage of a nor’easter did tend to cool more strongly during the early season (October–December) and were more likely to warm late in the season (February–April). Model simulations produce SST differences of up to 1.14 K, but this change did not lead to significant changes in storm track (<100 km), maximum 10-m winds (<2 m s−1), or minimum sea level pressure (≤5 hPa). Simulated precipitation showed little sensitivity to model coupling, but all simulations did tend to overpredict precipitation extent (bias > 1) and have low-to-moderate threat scores (0.31–0.59). Analysis of the storm environment and the overall simulation failed to reveal any statistically significant differences in model error attributable to ocean–atmosphere coupling. Despite this result, ocean model coupling can reduce dynamical field error at a single level by up to 20%, and this was slightly greater (1%–2%) with 3D ocean model coupling as compared to 1D ocean model coupling. Thus, while 3D ocean model coupling tended to generally produce more realistic simulations, its impact would likely be more profound for longer-term simulations.
Predicting Wind Power with Reforecasts
Authors: Dabernig Markus , Mayr Georg J. , Messner Jakob W.
Published: October 2015

Energy traders and decision-makers need accurate wind power forecasts. For this purpose, numerical weather predictions (NWPs) are often statistically postprocessed to correct systematic errors. This requires a dataset of past forecasts and observations that is often limited by frequent NWP model enhancements that change the statistical model properties. Reforecasts that recompute past forecasts with a recent model provide considerably longer datasets but usually have weaker setups than operational models. This study tests the reforecasts from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) for wind power predictions. The NOAA reforecast clearly performs worse than the ECMWF reforecast, the operational ECMWF deterministic and ensemble forecasts, and a limited-area model of the Austrian weather service [Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik (ZAMG)]. On the contrary, the ECMWF reforecast has, of all tested models, the smallest squared errors and one of the highest financial values in an energy market.
Tailoring a web-based weight maintenance intervention for Northern Plains American Indian public university students
Authors: Hemmingson Kaitlyn , Lucchesi Roxanne , Droke Elizabeth , Kattelmann Kendra K
Published: October 2015

Objective:

High levels of obesity-related health disparities are common among US American Indian (AI) populations. AI public university students often face unique challenges that may contribute to weight gain and related consequences. Few weight maintenance interventions have been developed that meet the needs of AI public university students. The goal of this study was to determine how to tailor Project Y.E.A.H. (Young Americans Eating and Active for Health), a web-delivered, weight maintenance tool developed for college students to make it culturally relevant for AI public university students.

Methods:

Three mini focus groups ( N = 15) and five in-depth interviews ( N = 11) were conducted with self-identified AI college students on the campus of South Dakota State University. Participants were recruited with assistance from the American Indian Education and Cultural Center and through campus publicity. Recorded sessions were transcribed and multistep coding was used to assess the aesthetic appeal of the website and determine variations of certain health-related factors.

Results:

AI public university students have specific and culturally influenced aesthetic, food and physical activity exposures and preferences. AI students may perceive unique stressors compared to non-AI students and practise cultural forms of stress relief.

Conclusion:

Specific and culturally relevant psychographic information regarding AI college student preferences is needed for the development of effective weight maintenance tools.
Changes in Saliva Rheological Properties and Mucin Glycosylation in Dry Mouth
Authors: Chaudhury N.M.A. , Shirlaw P. , Pramanik R. , Carpenter G.H. , Proctor G.B.
Published: October 2015

Saliva is vital for the maintenance of normal oral physiology and mucosal health. The loss of salivary function can have far-reaching consequences, as observed with dry mouth, which is associated with increased orodental disease, speech impairment, dysphagia, and a significant negative effect on quality of life. The timely diagnosis of oral dryness is vital for the management of orodental disease and any associated often-undiagnosed systemic disease (e.g., Sjögren syndrome). Our aim was to investigate differences in mucin glycoproteins and saliva rheological properties between sufferers and nonsufferers of dry mouth in order to understand the relationship between saliva composition, rheological properties, and dryness perception and provide additional potential diagnostic markers. All patients exhibited objective and subjective oral dryness, irrespective of etiology. Over half of the patients ( n = 20, 58.8%) had a saliva secretion rate above the gland dysfunction cutoff of 0.1 mL/min. Mucin (MUC5B and MUC7) concentrations were generally similar or higher in patients. Despite the abundance of these moisture-retaining proteins, patients exhibited reduced mucosal hydration (wetness) and significantly lower saliva spinnbarkeit (stringiness), suggesting a loss of the lubricating and retention/adhesion properties of saliva, which, at least partially, are associated with mucin glycoproteins. Over 90% of patients with dry mouth (DMPs) consistently had unstimulated whole mouth saliva (UWMS) spinnbarkeit below the proposed normal cutoff (10 mm). Further analysis of mucins revealed the reduced glycosylation of mucins in DMPs compared to healthy controls. Our data indicate that UWMS mucin concentrations are not reduced in dry mouth but that the mucin structure (glycosylation) is altered. UWMS from DMPs had reduced spinnbarkeit, the assessment of which, in conjunction with sialometry, could improve sensitivity for the diagnosis of dry mouth. Additionally, it may be useful to take into consideration the altered mucin glycosylation and saliva rheological properties when designing synthetic or purified mucins for saliva substitutes and dry mouth therapy.
Examining How Prescription Drugs Are Illegally Obtained
Authors: White Clair , Ready Justin , Katz Charles M.
Published: October 2015

The rise in prescription drug abuse is changing crime patterns among drug users and the structure of illegal drug markets. The illegal distribution of prescription drugs is different from traditional street drug markets because prescription drugs can be obtained from multiple sources including doctors, pharmacies, friends, and street-level dealers. Drawing from drug-market research, this article investigates whether there are individual and ecological predictors of how prescription drugs are illegally obtained. Our study uses multilevel analyses to examine a random sample of 366 drug offenders arrested in Maricopa County, Arizona. Our findings indicate that individual-level characteristics such as mental illness and street drug use, as well as residential mobility within neighborhoods, are significant predictors of how prescription drugs are obtained for nonmedical purposes. This research suggests that an individual’s routine activities and neighborhood characteristics are related to their methods for obtaining prescription drugs. Theoretical and policy implications are discussed.
Does compact land use trigger a rise in crime and a fall in ridership? A role for crime in the land use–travel connection
Authors: Zhang Wenjia
Published: October 2015

Studies in the land use–travel connection have long neglected the role of neighbourhood crime. This paper analyses such a role of crime and explores whether more compact land-use characteristics tend to cluster more crimes, thus having a negative impact on public transit use. A path analysis model is used to estimate the relationship between land use, crime, and bus ridership in the city of Austin, Texas. The results demonstrate that higher population density and more mixed land use may significantly stimulate more crimes near the bus stops while the level of crime may have a nonlinear effect on ridership. Once the number of reported crimes exceeds a threshold level, ridership is negatively affected. As a result, very dense residential and commercial development may trigger a rise in crimes, leading to a fall in ridership. These findings suggest that those who seek to implement land use policies to increase transit use and reduce auto dependence should recognise and evaluate land use impact on crime and how this impact affects travel behaviours.
Emotions, Cognitions, and Well-Being
Authors: Perrone-McGovern Kristin M. , Simon-Dack Stephanie L. , Beduna Kerry N. , Williams Cady C. , Esche Aaron M.
Published: October 2015

In this study, we examined interrelationships among emotional overexcitability, perfectionism, emotion regulation, and subjective well-being. Dabrowski and Piechowski’s theoretical conceptualization of overexcitabilities and J. J. Gross and John’s constructs of emotion regulation strategies provided a framework to guide hypotheses in the present study. Participants were 191 adults who responded to surveys administered via online methodology. Multiple-regression analyses revealed that participants in the present study with higher emotional overexcitability had lower degrees of emotion regulation overall, whereas individuals reporting higher levels of adaptive perfectionism (strivers) had higher levels of emotion regulation. Furthermore, strivers and those who used cognitive reappraisal strategies for emotion regulation were linked to higher subjective well-being for participants in this study.