bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Catecholaminergic connectivity to the inner ear, central auditory, and vocal motor circuitry in the plainfin midshipman fish porichthys notatus
Authors: Forlano Paul M. , Kim Spencer D. , Krzyminska Zuzanna M. , Sisneros Joseph A.
Published: April 2014

Although the neuroanatomical distribution of catecholaminergic (CA) neurons has been well documented across all vertebrate classes, few studies have examined CA connectivity to physiologically and anatomically identified neural circuitry that controls behavior. The goal of this study was to characterize CA distribution in the brain and inner ear of the plainfin midshipman fish (Porichthys notatus) with particular emphasis on their relationship with anatomically labeled circuitry that both produces and encodes social acoustic signals in this species. Neurobiotin labeling of the main auditory end organ, the saccule, combined with tyrosine hydroxylase immunofluorescence (TH‐ir) revealed a strong CA innervation of both the peripheral and central auditory system. Diencephalic TH‐ir neurons in the periventricular posterior tuberculum, known to be dopaminergic, send ascending projections to the ventral telencephalon and prominent descending projections to vocal–acoustic integration sites, notably the hindbrain octavolateralis efferent nucleus, as well as onto the base of hair cells in the saccule via nerve VIII. Neurobiotin backfills of the vocal nerve in combination with TH‐ir revealed CA terminals on all components of the vocal pattern generator, which appears to largely originate from local TH‐ir neurons but may include input from diencephalic projections as well. This study provides strong neuroanatomical evidence that catecholamines are important modulators of both auditory and vocal circuitry and acoustic‐driven social behavior in midshipman fish. This demonstration of TH‐ir terminals in the main end organ of hearing in a nonmammalian vertebrate suggests a conserved and important anatomical and functional role for dopamine in normal audition. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:2887‐2927, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Antiretroviral therapy, interferon sensitivity, and virologic setpoint in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus coinfected patients
Authors: Balagopal Ashwin , Kandathil Abraham J. , Higgins Yvonne H. , Wood Jonathan , Richer Justin , Quinn Jeffrey , Eldred Lois , Li Zhiping , Ray Stuart C. , Sulkowski Mark S. , Thomas David L.
Published: April 2014

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) cause substantial mortality, especially in persons chronically infected with both viruses. HIV infection raises plasma HCV RNA levels and diminishes the response to exogenous alpha interferon (IFN). The degree to which antiretroviral therapy (ART) control of infection overcomes these HIV effects is unknown. Participants with HIV-HCV coinfection were enrolled in a trial to measure HCV viral kinetics after IFN administration (ΔHCVIFN) twice: initially before (pre-ART) and then after (post-ART) HIV RNA suppression. Liver tissue was obtained 2-4 hours before each IFN injection to measure interferon stimulated genes (ISGs). Following ART, the ΔHCVIFN at 72 hours (ΔHCVIFN,72) increased in 15/19 (78.9%) participants by a median (interquartile range [IQR]) of 0.11 log10 IU/mL (0.00-0.40; P < 0.05). Increases in ΔHCVIFN,72 post-ART were associated with decreased hepatic expression of several ISGs (r = −0.68; P = 0.001); a 2-fold reduction in a four-gene ISG signature predicted an increase in ΔHCVIFN,72 of 0.78 log10 IU/mL (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.36,1.20). Pre- and post-ART ΔHCVIFN,72 were closely associated (r = 0.87; P < 0.001). HCV virologic setpoint also changed after ART (ΔHCVART): transient median increases of 0.28 log10 IU/mL were followed by eventual median decreases from baseline of 0.21 log10 IU/mL (P = 0.002). A bivariate model of HIV RNA control (P < 0.05) and increased expression of a nine-gene ISG signature (P < 0.001) predicted the eventual decreased ΔHCVART. Conclusion: ART is associated with lower post-IFN HCV RNA levels and that change is linked to reduced hepatic ISG expression. These data support recommendations to provide ART prior to IFN-based treatment of HCV and may provide insights into the pathogenesis of HIV-HCV coinfection. (Hepatology 2014;60:477–486)
Combined P16 and human papillomavirus testing predicts head and neck cancer survival
Authors: Salazar Christian R. , Anayannis Nicole , Smith Richard V. , Wang Yanhua , Haigentz Missak , Garg Madhur , Schiff Bradley A. , Kawachi Nicole , Elman Jordan , Belbin Thomas J. , Prystowsky Michael B. , Burk Robert D. , Schlecht Nicolas F.
Published: April 2014

While its prognostic significance remains unclear, p16INK4a protein expression is increasingly being used as a surrogate marker for oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). To evaluate the prognostic utility of p16 expression in HNSCC, we prospectively collected 163 primary tumor specimens from histologically confirmed HNSCC patients who were followed for up to 9.4 years. Formalin fixed tumor specimens were tested for p16 protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC). HPV type‐16 DNA and RNA was detected by MY09/11‐PCR and E6/E7 RT‐PCR on matched frozen tissue, respectively. P16 protein expression was detected more often in oropharyngeal tumors (53%) as compared with laryngeal (24%), hypopharyngeal (8%) or oral cavity tumors (4%; p < 0.0001). With respect to prognosis, p16‐positive oropharyngeal tumors exhibited significantly better overall survival than p16‐negative tumors (log‐rank test p = 0.04), whereas no survival benefit was observed for nonoropharyngeal tumors. However, when both p16 and HPV DNA test results were considered, concordantly positive nonoropharyngeal tumors had significantly better disease‐specific survival than concordantly negative nonoropharyngeal tumors after controlling for sex, nodal stage, tumor size, tumor subsite, primary tumor site number, smoking and drinking [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 0.04, 0.01–0.54]. Compared with concordantly negative nonoropharyngeal HNSCC, p16(+)/HPV16(−) nonoropharyngeal HNSCC (n = 13, 7%) demonstrated no significant improvement in disease‐specific survival when HPV16 was detected by RNA (adjusted HR = 0.83, 0.22–3.17). Our findings show that p16 IHC alone has potential as a prognostic test for oropharyngeal cancer survival, but combined p16/HPV testing is necessary to identify HPV‐associated nonoropharyngeal HNSCC with better prognosis.
Mammalian epigenetic mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Guoqiang , Pradhan Sriharsa
Published: April 2014

The mammalian genome is packaged into chromatin that is further compacted into three‐dimensional structures consisting of distinct functional domains. The higher order structure of chromatin is in part dictated by enzymatic DNA methylation and histone modifications to establish epigenetic layers controlling gene expression and cellular functions, without altering the underlying DNA sequences. Apart from DNA and histone modifications, non‐coding RNAs can also regulate the dynamics of the mammalian gene expression and various physiological functions including cell division, differentiation, and apoptosis. Aberrant epigenetic signatures are associated with abnormal developmental processes and diseases such as cancer. In this review, we will discuss the different layers of epigenetic regulation, including writer enzymes for DNA methylation, histone modifications, non‐coding RNA, and chromatin conformation. We will highlight the combinatorial role of these structural and chemical modifications along with their partners in various cellular processes in mammalian cells. We will also address the cis and trans interacting “reader” proteins that recognize these modifications and “eraser” enzymes that remove these marks. Furthermore, an attempt will be made to discuss the interplay between various epigenetic writers, readers, and erasures in the establishment of mammalian epigenetic mechanisms. © 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(4):240–256, 2014
Inactivation of the LOX‐1 Pathway Promotes the Golgi Apparatus during Cell Differentiation of Mural Granulosa Cells
Authors: Weitzel J.M. , Vernunft A. , Krüger B. , Plinski C. , Viergutz T.
Published: April 2014

In female mammals, granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle differentiate into the corpus luteum after ovulation of the pregnable oocyte into the fallopian tube. During these differentiation processes several morphological alterations have to occur and the molecular basis is not fully understood. As an endpoint estradiol production from granulosa cells has to switch off in favor for progesterone production from the proceeding corpus luteum to sustain the developing embryo. Previously, we demonstrated that the multiligand receptor LOX‐1 plays a critical role in steroid hormone synthesis of granulosa cells via intracellular calcium release from endoplasmic (ER)‐dependent and ER‐independent calcium pools. In the present study, we show that inhibition of LOX‐1 leads to a rearrangement of ceramide from the basal membrane toward the Golgi apparatus. This activity is accomplished by a calcium‐dependent phosphorylation of aromatase, the key step in estradiol production. Phosphorylated aromatase increased estradiol production in a dose‐dependent manner. Our data indicate that the ceramide cascade is essential for proper granulosa cell function and ceramide redistribution serves as a first step in order to proceed with the prosperous differentiation into a corpus luteum. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 1946–1951, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound characterization of renal mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma: Report of two cases
Authors: Yan Lixia , Huang Beijian , Xue Liyun , Lu Qing , Wen Jiexian , Wang Wenping
Published: April 2014

Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma of the kidney is a relatively rare pathologic entity that has recently been described in the World Health Organization 2004 renal cell carcinoma classification. We report two cases of mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma in which contrast‐enhanced ultrasound was used. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 43:55–58, 2015
Front‐line ordering clinicians: Matching workforce to workload
Authors: Fieldston Evan S. , Zaoutis Lisa B. , Hicks Patricia J. , Kolb Susan , Sladek Erin , Geiger Debra , Agosto Paula M. , Boswinkel Jan P. , Bell Louis M.
Published: April 2014

BACKGROUND

Matching workforce to workload is particularly important in healthcare delivery, where an excess of workload for the available workforce may negatively impact processes and outcomes of patient care and resident learning. Hospitals currently lack a means to measure and match dynamic workload and workforce factors.

OBJECTIVES

This article describes our work to develop and obtain consensus for use of an objective tool to dynamically match the front‐line ordering clinician (FLOC) workforce to clinical workload in a variety of inpatient settings.

METHODS

We undertook development of a tool to represent hospital workload and workforce based on literature reviews, discussions with clinical leadership, and repeated validation sessions. We met with physicians and nurses from every clinical care area of our large, urban children's hospital at least twice.

RESULTS

We successfully created a tool in a matrix format that is objective and flexible and can be applied to a variety of settings. We presented the tool in 14 hospital divisions and received widespread acceptance among physician, nursing, and administrative leadership. The hospital uses the tool to identify gaps in FLOC coverage and guide staffing decisions.

DISCUSSION

Hospitals can better match workload to workforce if they can define and measure these elements. The Care Model Matrix is a flexible, objective tool that quantifies the multidimensional aspects of workload and workforce. The tool, which uses multiple variables that are easily modifiable, can be adapted to a variety of settings. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2014;9:457–462. © 2014 Society of Hospital Medicine
Outcomes of early versus late Tracheostomy: 2008–2010
Authors: Villwock Jennifer A. , Jones Kristin
Published: April 2014

Objectives/Hypothesis

The ideal timing of tracheostomy varies. This study sought to determine demographic, management, and outcome differences in patients undergoing early tracheostomy (ET) versus late tracheostomy (LT) (<10 days vs. >10 days postintubation, respectively).

Study Design

Retrospective review of the 2008 to 2010 Nationwide Inpatient Sample for patients with extreme severity of illness who underwent tracheostomy.

Methods

Patients were subdivided based on the timing of tracheostomy placement (days 1–5, 6–10, 11–15, 16–20, 21–25). ET and LT were defined using a 10‐day cutoff. Descriptive statistics were obtained for hospital and patient demographics. Multivariate models analyzed the effect of tracheostomy timing on primary outcomes of in‐hospital morbidity/mortality, length of stay (LOS), and charges.

Results

A total of 124,990 tracheostomy cases met inclusion criteria. Of the total cases, 53,749 underwent ET, and 71,244 underwent LT. Significant predictors (P < .01) of ET included patient age <65 years (odds ratio [OR]: 1.136), admission to a Midwest hospital (OR: 1.430), neurologic disorder (OR: 1.196), paralysis (OR: 1.264), and admission to a government, nonfederal hospital (OR: 1.434). Significant predictors of LT included admission to a small hospital (OR: 1.150), acute respiratory failure (OR: 1.601), and acute chronic respiratory failure (OR: 1.349). The economic outcomes of hospital costs and LOS increased linearly and significantly with time to tracheostomy, as did mortality (P < .001). ET was associated with a significantly increased rate of discharge to home (P < .001) and decreased rate of sepsis (P < .001) and ventilator‐associated pneumonia (P < .001).

Conclusions

Efficient and effective healthcare delivery is paramount in today's economic climate. Identification of patients likely to need prolonged ventilator support and ET may prove to be a cost‐ and morbidity‐saving measure and deserves further prospective examination.

Level of Evidence

2c. Laryngoscope, 124:1801–1806, 2014
A learner‐centered educational curriculum improves resident performance on the otolaryngology training examination
Authors: Reh Douglas D. , Ahmed Aadil , Li Ryan , Laeeq Kulsoom , Bhatti Nasir I.
Published: April 2014

Objectives/Hypothesis

To examine the effects of a learner‐centered educational curriculum for Johns Hopkins otolaryngology–head and neck surgery residents in improving their otolaryngology training examination (OTE) scores. We hypothesized that trainees who attend a learner‐centered program demonstrate improved performance on OTEs.

Study Design

Prospective longitudinal study.

Methods

In September 2008, a resident‐designed educational curriculum was implemented to better prepare residents for their OTE. These mandatory sessions, led by faculty members, were held for an hour every week, during in which residents were tested on their knowledge of high‐yield topics. Residents were expected to be prepared on pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of the selected diseases. In 2011, residents were given responsibility to lead these sessions. OTE scores from 2002 to 2012 were analyzed to see whether there was any improvement after the implementation of this curriculum.

Results

Clustered linear regression analysis revealed significant improvement of OTE scores with subsequent interventions. During a 3‐year period (2009–2011) after the first intervention, there was a significant increase (P = .01) of 0.69 in mean national and 0.78 in mean group stanine scoring. Similarly, after the second intervention in 2011, a further increment of 1.36 in mean national and 1.58 in mean group stanine scoring was seen (P = .001).

Conclusions

Residents OTE stanines improved significantly after the implementation of a learner‐centered educational curriculum. This finding suggests that trainees are able to perform better when involved in planning and implementing the educational curriculum.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope 124:2262–2267, 2014
Surface Coordination Polymerization of Ethylene by Hydrozirconation‐Immobilized Metallocene
Authors: Zheng Jun , Wang Yanhui , Ye Lin , Lin Yichao , Tang Tao , Zhang Jidong
Published: April 2014

Hydrozirconation on vinyl‐terminated substrates (silicon wafer and nanosilica sphere) is employed as an efficient way for immobilization of zirconocene catalyst through ZrC bonds, which is applied in surface coordination ethylene polymerization producing surface‐tethered polyethylene (PE). The formation of ZrC σ bond induced by hydrozirconation provides an initiator precursor for growing a layer of PE covalently linked onto substrates. The results from SEM, AFM, and TEM show that the surface polymerization is controlled by hydrozirconation. Surface pattern or core–shell structure with crystalline PE coating can be formed, when silicon wafer is selectively functionalized with vinyl‐groups or vinyl‐modified nanosilica is applied. It is believed that hydrozirconation for the synthesis of zirconocene initiator can be a versatile route to prepare polyolefin hybrid materials.

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Comparison of outcomes of pressure sore reconstructions among perforator flaps, perforator‐based rotation fasciocutaneous flaps, and musculocutaneous flaps
Authors: Kuo Pao‐Jen , Chew Khong‐Yik , Kuo Yur‐Ren , Lin Pao‐Yuan
Published: April 2014

Background

Pressure sore reconstruction remains a significant challenge for plastic surgeons due to its high postoperative complication and recurrence rates. Free‐style perforator flap, fasciocutaeous flap, and musculocutaneous flap are the most common options in pressure sore reconstructions. Our study compared the postoperative complications among these three flaps at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital.

Methods

From 2003 to 2012, 99 patients (54 men and 45 women) with grade III or IV pressure sores received regional flap reconstruction, consisting of three cohorts: group A, 35 free‐style perforator‐based flaps; group B, 37 gluteal rotation fasciocutaneous flaps; and group C, 27 musculocutaneous or muscle combined with fasciocutaneous flap. Wound complications such as wound infection, dehiscence, seroma formation of the donor site, partial or complete flap loss, and recurrence were reviewed.

Results

The mean follow‐up period for group A was 24.2 months, 20.8 months in group B, and 19.0 months for group C. The overall complication rate was 22.9%, 32.4%, and 22.2% in groups A, B, and C, respectively. The flap necrosis rate was 11.4%, 13.5%, and 0% in groups A, B, and C, respectively. There was no statistical significance regarding complication rate and flap necrosis rate among different groups.

Conclusions

In our study, the differences of complication rates and flap necrosis rate between these groups were not statistically significant. Further investigations should be conducted. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 34:547–553, 2014.
Torsional dynamic response of a large‐diameter pipe pile in viscoelastic saturated soil
Authors: Zheng Changjie , Liu Hanlong , Ding Xuanming , Lv Yaru
Published: April 2014

An analytical solution is developed in this paper to investigate the dynamic response of a large‐diameter end‐bearing pipe pile subjected to torsional loading in viscoelastic saturated soil. The wave propagation in saturated soil and pile are simulated by Biot's two‐phased linear theory and one‐dimensional elastic theory, respectively. The dynamic equilibrium equations of the outer soil, inner soil, and pile are established. The solutions for the outer and inner soils in frequency domain are obtained by Laplace transform technique and the separation of variables method. Then, the dynamic response of the pile is obtained on the basis of the perfect contacts between the pile and the outer soil as well as the inner soil. The results in this paper are compared with that of a solid pile in elastic saturated soil to verify the validity of the solution. Furthermore, the solution in this paper is compared with the classic plane strain solution to verify the solution further and check the accuracy of the plane strain solution. Numerical results are presented to analyze the vibration characteristics and illustrate the effect of the soil parameters and the geometry size of the pile on the complex impedance and velocity admittance of the pile head. Finally, the displacement of the soil at different depth and frequency is analyzed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐injury in youths who lost a parent to cancer: nationwide study of the impact of family‐related and health‐care‐related factors
Authors: Bylund Grenklo Tove , Kreicbergs Ulrika , Valdimarsdóttir Unnur A. , Nyberg Tommy , Steineck Gunnar , Fürst Carl Johan
Published: April 2014

Background

Self‐injury, a manifestation of severe psychological distress, is increased in cancer‐bereaved youths. Little is known about the potential influence on the risk for self‐injury of factors that could be clinically relevant to and modifiable by the health‐care professionals involved in the care of the dying parent.

Methods

In a nationwide population‐based anonymous study, 622 (73.1%) youths (aged 18–26) who, 6 to 9 years earlier at ages 13 to 16, had lost a parent to cancer answered study‐specific questions about self‐injury and factors related to the family and parental health care.

Results

Univariable analyses showed that the risk for self‐injury was increased among cancer‐bereaved youths who reported poor family cohesion the years before (relative risk [RR], 3.4, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5–4.6) and after the loss (RR, 3.3, 95% CI, 2.4–4.4), distrust in the health care provided to the dying parent (RR, 1.7, 95% CI, 1.2–2.4), perceiving poor health‐care efforts to cure the parent (RR 1.5, 95% CI, 1.1–2.1) and poor efforts to prevent suffering (RR, 1.6, 95% CI, 1.1–2.4), that at least one of their parents had been depressed or had troubles in life (RR, 1.5, CI, 1.1–2.1) and believing 3 days before the loss that the treatment would probably cure the parent (RR, 1.6, CI, 1.1–2.3). In the total multivariable models, only poor family cohesion before and after the loss remained statistically significantly associated with self‐injury.

Conclusion

Poor family cohesion before and after the loss of a parent to cancer is associated with an increased risk of self‐injury in teenage children. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ecological momentary assessment of sleep, symptoms, and mood during chemotherapy for breast cancer
Authors: Ratcliff Chelsea G. , Lam Cho Y. , Arun Banu , Valero Vincente , Cohen Lorenzo
Published: April 2014

Objective

This study examined the association of sleep before and during a chemotherapy (CT) cycle for breast cancer with symptoms and mood during a CT cycle.

Methods

Twenty women undergoing CT for breast cancer completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) 1 h prior to a CT infusion. For 3 weeks following infusion, participants estimated sleep efficiency, minutes to sleep (sleep latency), number of nocturnal awakenings (sleep fragmentation (SF)), and sleep quality (SQ) each morning and rated symptoms (nausea, fatigue, numbness, and difficulty thinking) and mood three times daily (morning, afternoon, and evening) via ecological momentary assessments using automated handheld computers.

Results

The results showed that disturbed sleep (PSQI score > 5) prior to CT infusion was associated with greater fatigue, and more negative and anxious mood throughout the 3‐week CT cycle, and good pre‐CT infusion sleep (PSQI score < 5) buffered anxious mood in the first days following infusion. Time‐lagged analyses controlling for mood/symptom ratings reported the previous evening revealed that longer sleep latency and greater SF were associated with greater daytime fatigue; poorer SQ and greater SF were antecedents of worse morning negative mood, and greater SF was associated with feeling more passive and drowsy. No evening symptom or mood ratings were related to subsequent SQ.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that disturbed sleep before and after a CT infusion exacerbates fatigue, and negative, anxious, and drowsy mood during a CT cycle. Reducing sleep disturbance may be an important way to improve quality of life during CT. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lack of reversal of oxidative damage in renal tissues of lead acetate‐treated rats
Authors: Oyagbemi Ademola Adetokunbo , Omobowale Temidayo Olutayo , Akinrinde Akinleye Stephen , Saba Adebowale Bernard , Ogunpolu Blessing Seun , Daramola Oluwabusola
Published: April 2014

Removal of lead from the environment of man or otherwise, the movement of man from lead‐contaminated areas has been employed as a means of abatement of the toxic effects of lead. Whether toxic effects in already‐exposed individuals subside after lead withdrawal remains unanswered. To understand the reversibility of nephrotoxicity induced by lead acetate, male Wistar rats were orally exposed to 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/mL of lead acetate for 6 weeks. Activities of glutathione‐s‐transferase, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde increased significantly (p < 0.05) in a dose‐dependent manner, whereas reduced glutathione (GSH) level and glutathione peroxidase activity were significantly reduced. The pattern of alterations in most of the oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters remained similar in rats from the withdrawal period, although CAT and SOD activities reduced, in contrast to their elevation during the exposure period. Serum creatinine levels were significantly elevated in both exposure and withdrawal experiments whereas serum blood urea nitrogen levels were not significantly different from the control in both exposure and withdrawal periods. The histological damage observed include multifocal areas of inflammation, disseminated tubular necrosis, and fatty infiltration of the kidney tubules both at exposure and withdrawal periods. The results suggest that lead acetate‐induced nephrotoxicity by induction of oxidative stress and disruption of antioxidant. The aforementioned alterations were not reversed in the rats left to recover within the time course of study. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 1235–1243, 2015.
Phosphorylation and changes in the distribution of nucleolin promote tumor metastasis via the PI3K/Akt pathway in colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Wu Dong-ming , Zhang Peng , Liu Ru-yan , Sang Ya-xiong , Zhou Cong , Xu Guang-chao , Yang Jin-liang , Tong Ai-ping , Wang Chun-ting
Published: April 2014

Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the changes in the distribution of nucleolin. Our study identified PI3K/Akt signaling as an essential pathway regulating the distribution of nucleolin. Furthermore, nucleolin can interact with phospho‐PI3K‐p55, and changes in the distribution of nucleolin were related to its phosphorylation. Subsequently, we analyzed the correlation of VEGF and nucleolin, and found that distribution of nucleolin related to metastatic potential. Finally, blocking cell surface nucleolin influences the process of epithelial–mesenchymal transitions. This indicates that nucleolin may be a novel cancer therapy target and a predictive marker for tumor migration in colorectal carcinoma.
Emergency surgery for complicated colorectal cancer in central Brazil
Authors: Santos Alex Caetano dos , Martins Lucas Leonardo Tavares , Brasil Andressa Machado Santana , Pinto Sebastião Alves , Neto Salustiano Gabriel , de Oliveira Enio Chaves
Published: April 2014

Objective to report clinical and pathological features of patients with colorectal cancer diagnosed during emergency abdominal surgery.

Methods records of 107 patients operated between 2006 and 2010 were reviewed.

Results there were 58 women and 49 men with mean age of 59.8 years. The most frequent symptoms were: abdominal pain (97.2%), no bowel movements (81.3%), vomiting (76.6%), and anorexia (40.2%). Patients were divided into five groups: obstructive acute abdomen (n = 68), obstructive acute perforation (n = 21), obstructive acute inflammation (n = 13), abdominal sepsis (n = 3), and severe gastrointestinal bleeding (n = 2). Tumors were located in the rectosigmoid (51.4%), transverse colon (19.6%), ascendent colon (12.1%), descendent colon (11.2%), and 5.6% of the cases presented association of two colon tumors (synchronic tumors). The surgical treatment was: tumor resection with colostomy (85%), tumor resection with primary anastomosis (10.3%), and colostomy without tumor resection (4.7%). Immediate mortality occurred in 33.4% of the patients. Bivariate analysis of sex, tumor location and stage showed no relation to death (p > 0.05%).

Conclusions colorectal cancer may be the cause of colon obstruction or perfuration in patients with nonspecific colonic complaints. Despite the high mortality rate, resection of tumor is feasible in most patients.
Nonoperative Management of Acetabular Labral Tear in a Skeletally Immature Figure Skater
Authors: Liem Brian C. , Loveless Melinda S. , Apple Elizabeth L. , Krabak Brian J.
Published: April 2014

Acetabular labral tear is an uncommon cause of hip pain in the skeletally immature athlete. Treatment outcomes have mostly been described in the surgical literature. We present a case report of a premenarchal 12‐year‐old figure skater who was diagnosed with an isolated acetabular labral tear without hip deformity. With nonoperative treatment, she was able to return to pain‐free competitive figure skating 4 months after her onset of symptoms. Our findings suggest that acetabular labral tears in the skeletally immature athlete can respond to a trial of nonoperative management.
Golf in the United States: An Evolution of Accessibility
Authors: Parziale John R.
Published: April 2014

Golf affords physical and psychological benefits to persons who are physically challenged. Advances in adaptive technology, changes in golf course design, and rules modifications have enabled persons with neurological, musculoskeletal, and other impairments to play golf at a recreational, elite amateur, or professional level. The Americans with Disabilities Act has been cited in both federal and US Supreme Court rulings that have improved access for physically challenged golfers. Medical specialties, including physiatry, have played an important role in this process. This article reviews the history of golf's improvements in accessibility, and provides clinicians and physically challenged golfers with information that will facilitate participation in the sport.
Rumen antimethanogenic effect ofSaponaria officinalisL. phytochemicalsin vitro
Authors: CIESLAK A. , ZMORA P. , STOCHMAL A. , PECIO L. , OLESZEK W. , PERS-KAMCZYC E. , SZCZECHOWIAK J. , NOWAK A. , SZUMACHER-STRABEL M.
Published: April 2014

Although the effect of saponins or saponin-containing plants on rumen microorganisms and rumen fermentation has been intensively investigated, this issue still requires special attention. Many of the phenomena occurring in the rumen related to dietary saponin supplementation are still not fully understood.Saponaria officinalisis a triterpenoid saponin-containing plant; thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect ofS. officinalisL. powdered root, methanolic extract of theS. officinalisroot (SOR) and the effect of the separated fractions (polysaccharides, saponins and phenolics) ofS. officinalison rumen methanogenesis, microbial population and rumen fermentation characteristics in anin vitrobatch culture fermentation system. The powdered root (raw plant material) andS. officinalisextract (SOE) decreasedin vitromethane production and consequently reduced the microbial population in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition of methanogenesis was accompanied by changes in the volatile fatty acids profile.In vitrodry matter digestibility was not affected by any of the secondary compounds applied. The highest applied doses of SOE caused a higher reduction in methanogenesis (33·5v. 14·4%) than the highest doses of powdered root form. Such results suggest that the basic components of the SOR could interact with phytochemicals or that the phytochemicals became physically less available for microbiota, resulting in a decreased antimethanogenic activity of the powdered rootv. the extract. Among all the fractions selected, the saponin fraction exerted the greatest impact on ruminal fermentation. In conclusion, saponins decreased methane production by 29% in comparison with the control. This decrease was related to the reduction in protozoa and methanogen counts. It is proposed thatS. officinalishas the potential to inhibit rumen methanogenesis without affecting rumen fermentation adversely.
Experimental investigation for better relative localization of a mobile robot using Taguchi method
Authors: Ravikumar T. Mathavaraj , Saravanan R.
Published: April 2014

The positioning of a wheeled robot is an imperative manipulation problem in mobile robotics. Odometry is a familiar method for determining the relative position of a mobile robot. It comprises the detection of a set of kinematic parameters that permit reconstructing the robot's absolute position and orientation starting from the wheels' encoder measurements. This paper deals with the determination of better relative localization of a mobile robot by means of odometry by considering the influence of parameters namely total weight, speed, diameter of wheel, and width of wheel. Experiments have been conducted based on L9 orthogonal array suggested in Taguchi method to obtain the optimum condition. A mathematical model has also been developed for the mobile robot with the help of MINITAB software.
Comparison of single- and multivariate calibration for determination of Si, Mn, Cr and Ni in high-alloyed stainless steels by laser-induced breakdown spectrometry
Authors: Zaytsev Sergey M. , Popov Andrey M. , Chernykh Evgeny V. , Voronina Raisa D. , Zorov Nikita B. , Labutin Timur A.
Published: April 2014

Overcoming the matrix effect in LIBS analysis of high-alloyed stainless steel by specifying the temporal parameters of signal registration and multivariate calibration based on PCR.
The nature of persistent conformational chirality, racemization mechanisms, and predictions in diarylether heptanoid cyclophane natural products
Authors: Pattawong Ommidala , Salih M. Quamar , Rosson Nicholas T. , Beaudry Christopher M. , Cheong Paul Ha-Yeon
Published: April 2014

Restricted rotations of chemical bonds can lead to the presence of persistent conformational chirality in molecules lacking stereocenters.
The asymmetric Cu(ii)–indolinylmethanol complex catalyzed Diels–Alder reaction of 2-vinylindoles with β,γ-unsaturated α-ketoesters: an efficient route to functionalized tetrahydrocarbazoles
Authors: Ouyang Banlai , Yu Tingting , Luo Renshi , Lu Gui
Published: April 2014

An efficient asymmetric Diels–Alder reaction of 2-vinylindoles with β,γ-unsaturated α-ketoesters for the synthesis of functionalized tetrahydrocarbazoles.
Friction of aromatic thiol monolayers on silver: SFA and AFM studies of adhesive and non-adhesive contacts
Authors: Yang Y. , Singh J. , Ruths M.
Published: April 2014

(a) Friction coefficients and (b) critical shear stresses of thiol monolayers on silver, measured with SFA (○) and AFM (red circles).
Fe-based composited cores for single-phase transformers fabricated with high-induction amorphous material
Authors: Hsu Chang-Hung , Cheng Shan-Jen , Lee Chun-Yao , Fu Chao-Ming , Chang Chia-Wen
Published: April 2014

A composite-structured, high-induction, double-layered soft magnetic composite core (SMC) comprised of magnetic amorphous HB1-M, HB1, and SA1 materials was developed. A finite element analysis simulated results for the magnetic loss and magnetic flux density for three types of amorphous cores are quite different from findings for traditional magnetic core structures, such as laminated silicon steel, because the magnetostriction and permeability properties of composite-laminated no-cutting structures can be restrained. The SMC structure showed interesting results for magnetic loss, magnetic flux lines, core vibration, and sound level. The main advantage of transformers assembled with composited-cores of SA1 and HB1 over a higher-induction core single-phase transformer is the significant reduction of magnetic loss. However, the SA1 and HB1 composite core also showed worse results in terms of vibration and sound level because the magnetostriction and magnetic flux density in the core distribution are not quite identical to the results for other core types.
An automated thermophoretic soot sampling device for laboratory-scale high-pressure flames
Authors: Leschowski M. , Dreier T. , Schulz C.
Published: April 2014

Studying soot particle morphology in high-pressure flames via thermophoretic sampling critically depends on sampling precision, speed, and reproducibility. This is mainly limited by the challenges of applying pneumatically driven devices for burner chamber pressures higher than the pneumatic pressure. We present a pneumatically driven device for high-pressure applications up to 90 bars. The novelty is to separate the pneumatic driver section from the high-pressure environment in the burner chamber. The device was tested by sampling soot from a laminar high-pressure flame at 20 bars.
Alternating current loss reduction for rectangular busbars by covering their edges with low permeable magnetic caps
Authors: Sasada Ichiro
Published: April 2014

A method to reduce ac conductive losses in a thin rectangular busbar made of copper is presented. The method is based on a technique, which makes the distribution of the ac current in the cross section of a busbar flatter. Edges of a thin busbar are covered with low permeability magnetic thin layers as caps. The magnetic cap makes the impedance experienced by the current flowing near the edge comparatively larger so that currents cannot get crowded near the edges of a busbar. This method is numerically verified.
Simulations of the dissociation of small helium clusters with ab initio molecular dynamics in electronically excited states
Authors: Closser Kristina D. , Gessner Oliver , Head-Gordon Martin
Published: April 2014

The dynamics resulting from electronic excitations of helium clusters were explored using ab initio molecular dynamics. The simulations were performed with configuration interaction singles and adiabatic classical dynamics coupled to a state-following algorithm. 100 different configurations of He7 were excited into the 2s and 2p manifold for a total of 2800 trajectories. While the most common outcome (90%) was complete fragmentation to 6 ground state atoms and 1 excited state atom, 3% of trajectories yielded bound, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}${\rm He}_{2}^*$\end{document} He 2*, and <0.5% yielded an excited helium trimer. The nature of the dynamics, kinetic energy release, and connections to experiments are discussed.
Precision high-value resistance scaling with a two-terminal cryogenic current comparator
Authors: Hernandez-Marquez F. L. , Bierzychudek M. E. , Jones G. R. , Elmquist R. E.
Published: April 2014

We describe a cryogenic two-terminal high-resistance bridge and its application in precision resistance scaling from the quantized Hall resistance (QHR) at RH = RK/2 = 12 906.4035 Ω to decade resistance standards with values between 1 MΩ and 1 GΩ. The design minimizes lead resistance errors with multiterminal connections to the QHR device. A single variable voltage source and resistive ratio windings are utilized to achieve excellent dynamic stability, which is not readily obtained in low-current measurements with conventional cryogenic current comparators (CCCs). Prototypes of this bridge have been verified by a successful international comparison of high-resistance scaling using two-terminal CCCs in the national metrology institutes of Argentina, Mexico, and the United States.
Theory comparison and numerical benchmarking on neoclassical toroidal viscosity torque
Authors: Wang Zhirui , Park Jong-Kyu , Liu Yueqiang , Logan Nikolas , Kim Kimin , Menard Jonathan E.
Published: April 2014

Systematic comparison and numerical benchmarking have been successfully carried out among three different approaches of neoclassical toroidal viscosity (NTV) theory and the corresponding codes: IPEC-PENT is developed based on the combined NTV theory but without geometric simplifications [Park et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 065002 (2009)]; MARS-Q includes smoothly connected NTV formula [Shaing et al., Nucl. Fusion 50, 025022 (2010)] based on Shaing's analytic formulation in various collisionality regimes; MARS-K, originally computing the drift kinetic energy, is upgraded to compute the NTV torque based on the equivalence between drift kinetic energy and NTV torque [J.-K. Park, Phys. Plasma 18, 110702 (2011)]. The derivation and numerical results both indicate that the imaginary part of drift kinetic energy computed by MARS-K is equivalent to the NTV torque in IPEC-PENT. In the benchmark of precession resonance between MARS-Q and MARS-K/IPEC-PENT, the agreement and correlation between the connected NTV formula and the combined NTV theory in different collisionality regimes are shown for the first time. Additionally, both IPEC-PENT and MARS-K indicate the importance of the bounce harmonic resonance which can greatly enhance the NTV torque when E×B drift frequency reaches the bounce resonance condition.
High temperature magnetic behavior of multiferroics Bi1–xCaxFeO3
Authors: Zhang N. , Su J. , Liu Z. Y. , Fu Z. M. , Wang X. W. , Song G. L. , Chang F. G.
Published: April 2014

We investigate the room temperature microstructure and high temperature magnetic properties of Ca2+-substituted Bi1–xCaxFeO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) ceramics. The Bi1–xCaxFeO3 compound transforms from rhombohedral into tetragonal structure with the phase boundary lying around x = 0.1. Based on this, the magnetic modulation becomes significant and the strongest remnant magnetization Mr is obtained at x = 0.1 compound. An important observation is the ferromagnetic-like phase transition revealed at TFM = 878 K in pure BiFeO3. The TFM of Bi1–xCaxFeO3 varies with Ca concentration and is close to the TAFM when x = 0.1. The convergence between TFM and TAFM implies the severe competition between Fe3+−O2−−Fe3+ and unbalanced Fe3+−O2−−Fe2+ antiferromagnetic exchange interactions, which leads to the dramatic change around TAFM in the M-T curve of x = 0.1 compound. The structure-related modulation of magnetic structure and complex interaction between Fe3+ and Fe2+ may be the driving force for the excellent magnetic properties of x = 0.1 sample.
Excited states with internally contracted multireference coupled-cluster linear response theory
Authors: Samanta Pradipta Kumar , Mukherjee Debashis , Hanauer Matthias , Köhn Andreas
Published: April 2014

In this paper, the linear response (LR) theory for the variant of internally contracted multireference coupled cluster (ic-MRCC) theory described by Hanauer and Köhn [J. Chem. Phys. 134, 204211 (2011)] has been formulated and implemented for the computation of the excitation energies relative to a ground state of pronounced multireference character. We find that straightforward application of the linear-response formalism to the time-averaged ic-MRCC Lagrangian leads to unphysical second-order poles. However, the coupling matrix elements that cause this behavior are shown to be negligible whenever the internally contracted approximation as such is justified. Hence, for the numerical implementation of the method, we adopt a Tamm-Dancoff-type approximation and neglect these couplings. This approximation is also consistent with an equation-of-motion based derivation, which neglects these couplings right from the start. We have implemented the linear-response approach in the ic-MRCC singles-and-doubles framework and applied our method to calculate excitation energies for a number of molecules ranging from CH2 to p-benzyne and conjugated polyenes (up to octatetraene). The computed excitation energies are found to be very accurate, even for the notoriously difficult case of doubly excited states. The ic-MRCC-LR theory is also applicable to systems with open-shell ground-state wavefunctions and is by construction not biased towards a particular reference determinant. We have also compared the linear-response approach to the computation of energy differences by direct state-specific ic-MRCC calculations. We finally compare to Mk-MRCC-LR theory for which spurious roots have been reported [T.-C. Jagau and J. Gauss, J. Chem. Phys. 137, 044116 (2012)], being due to the use of sufficiency conditions to solve the Mk-MRCC equations. No such problem is present in ic-MRCC-LR theory.
Study of a stall cell using stereo particle image velocimetry
Authors: Manolesos Marinos , Voutsinas Spyros G.
Published: April 2014

The structure of Stall Cells (SCs) on wings is analyzed on the basis of stereo particle image velocimetry measurements. All experiments regard a Reynolds number 0.87 × 106 flow around a rectangular wing with endplates and an aspect ratio of 2.0. The inherently unstable stall cell is stabilized by means of a localized spanwise disturbance. Velocity, vorticity, and Reynolds stress data above the wing and in the wake are presented and discussed, also in combination with Computational Fluid Dynamics data. The present study completes and clarifies the previously suggested models regarding the SC structure. The SC emerges in between the separation and trailing edge shear layer where three different types of vortices are identified: (a) the stall cell vortices that start normal to the wing surface and continue downstream aligned with the free stream, (b) the separation line vortex, and (c) the trailing edge line vortex that both run parallel to the wing trailing edge and grow significantly at the center of the stall cell. Analysis of the Reynolds stress data reveals high anisotropy. Concentration of high streamwise shear stress values is connected to the two shear layers and high cross shear Reynolds stresses are connected to vortex stretching. High normal Reynolds stress values are observed (a) in the separation but not in the trailing edge shear layer indicating the flapping of the former and (b) along the stall cell vortices indicating their wandering motion. The eddy viscosity based Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes simulations are found in good qualitative agreement with the experiments in terms of the type and position of the identified vortex structures, an agreement which is linked to the correct trend in the predicted shear Reynolds stresses distributions. Quantitative deviations of the numerical results from the measurements are attributed to the isotropic definition of the turbulence model. Therefore, use of large eddy simulation is suggested for better prediction of the flow.