bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Euro-Mediterranean fauna of Campodeinae (Campodeidae, Diplura)
Authors: Sendra Alberto , Reboleira Ana Sofia P.S.
Published: December 2020

Campodeinae is the most diverse subfamily of Campodeidae diplurans and inhabits soils and subsurface ecosystems. These are distributed in the Palearctic area, clearly rarifying towards northern latitudes. The major taxonomic characters are chaetotaxy, shape and complexity of pretarsal structures, and secondary sexual characters. This monograph provides a taxonomic revision of the subfamily Campodeinae in the Euro-Mediterrnean region, based on extensive literature review and new material studied. It comprises detailed morphological descriptions and illustrations together with habitat and distribution data of 161 species and 14 subspecies from 10 genera: Campodea Westwood, 1842, Edriocampa Silvestri, 1933, Eutrichocampa Silvestri, 1902, Helladocampa Condé, 1984, Libanocampa Condé, 1955, Litocampa Silvestri, 1933, Oreocampa Condé, 1950, Podocampa Silvestri, 1932, Remycampa Condé 1952, and Spaniocampa Silvestri, 1933. With 116 species Campodea is the most diverse and widely distributed genus in the studied area.
Aprendendo com Artefatos de bolso: entre Smartphones e Educação
Authors: Bortolazzo Sandro Faccin
Published: December 2020

Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória que analisa a pervasividade de smartphones e certos deslocamentos no entendimento sobre educação provocados pelas tecnologias móveis. Assim, dois movimentos de investigação se interligam, sendo o primeiro uma exposição sobre a emergência de smartphones, e o segundo um exame dos usos de smartphones e educação. Os resultados apontam para um tipo de educação personalizada e que opera em mobilidade.
PEDOPHILIA - THE NEED FOR NEW RESEARCH AND A NEW SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM
Authors: Bjelajac Željko , Merdović Boro , Banović Božidar
Published: December 2020

Paedophilia is a specific disorder in a spectre of sexual affinities in humans, which is in the nomenclature of the World Health Organization in the group of sexual preference disorders or paraphilia. Due to mobility, inventiveness, and invisibility, there is no relevant statistical data about this deviation’s volume and extensiveness. This paper aims to determine the prevalence of paedophiles in the general population based on an anonymous survey, the number of processed perpetrators of sexual offenses toward children, and the number of unique visitors of the Internet “decoy”. The research data were gathered through an anonymous survey (the survey was created for this research purposes, and it was an indirect, written survey) that enveloped a total of 658 individuals (60.49% males and 39.51% females) through the creation of a virtual Internet profile (1095 visitors, 89.86% males and 10.14% females), as well as through the statistical data of the Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Serbia (MUP RS) and the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Serbia (Directorate for Enforcement of Criminal Sanctions) over the last six years. The prevalence of paedophilia in the general population is 2.13%, and the majority is between 30 and 50 years of age. There are no relevant data on the treatment of paedophiles in penitentiary conditions. The number of submitted criminal charges for crimes with sexual violence elements toward children is much larger than the number of verdicts for the said acts. The number of crimes of sexual offenses against children in the analysed period was 1,288. Paedophilia is a complex disorder that poses a threat to public health. It is under-researched, and it calls for a multidisciplinary approach in research with the goal of preventing these forms of behaviour and the protection of children from sexual abuse.
Una nueva forma de hacer política: dar la voz a la militancia ¿realidad o mera apariencia?
Authors: Catalá i Bas Alexandre H.
Published: December 2020

Se ha tachado a los partidos políticos de estar controlados por una élite o casta que ha mirado más por sus propios intereses que por los intereses generales. Ha aparecido una nueva forma de hacer política y nuevos partidos cuyo objetivo declarado ha sido devolver la voz a la militancia dando por sentado que ésta había sido secuestrada por las élites endogámicas de los partidos. Este trabajo analiza si verdaderamente los partidos, cuyo poder se ha construido tradicionalmente de arriba a abajo, han asumido este cambio que comportaría que el poder fluya de abajo arriba o simplemente se ha llevado una operación cosmética que en apariencia responde a esa nueva forma de hacer política, aunque realmente el poder sigue en manos de una minoría.
Democracia paritaria e impacto de género en las políticas públicas: análisis del caso de la Comunidad Autónoma Vasca
Authors: Goizueta Vértiz Juana
Published: December 2020

El modelo de democracia representativa previsto en la Constitución de 1978 adolece de un cierto déficit en el sentido que impide a las mujeres lograr la necesaria participación en condiciones de igualdad en los centros de toma de decisión política. A los efectos de corregir la fallida representación de las mujeres, la Ley 4/2005, de 18 de febrero, para la Igualdad de Mujeres y Hombres incorpora la necesidad de respetar la paridad. El trabajo analiza los efectos que tiene el mandato de la paridad en el ámbito autonómico vasco. Se trata de determinar si la mayor presencia de mujeres en el Parlamento y en el Gobierno autonómico se ha reflejado en políticas públicas capaces de transformar esta sociedad en una más igualitaria. Y para precisar si la presencia de mujeres en puestos de decisión política va más allá de una mera participación formal se ha llamado la atención sobre los siguientes 2 indicadores: la evaluación del impacto de género de las políticas públicas autonómicas; y, las iniciativas parlamentarias y gubernamentales impulsadas en materia de igualdad.
Miguel Ángel Aparicio Pérez. In Memoriam.
Authors: Torres del Moral Antonio
Published: December 2020

Miguel Ángel Aparicio Pérez. In Memoriam.
Límites a la libertad de expresión de los políticos. Los casos Féret c. Bélgica y Perinçek c. Suiza
Authors: Roca María J.
Published: December 2020

Los fundamentos jurídicos y los votos particulares de la primera sentencia ponen de manifiesto que, en la ponderación de los límites a la libertad de expresión de los políticos, se ha de tener en cuenta la circunstancia de que las manifestaciones hayan sido difundidas en campaña electoral así como la relación entre el contenido de las manifestaciones y el programa político de su partido. En el segundo caso analizado, en cambio, las circunstancias que modalizan los límites a la libertad de expresión de un político son valoradas por el daño real de la minoría que se siente lesionada por las declaraciones políticas así como por la gravedad de la sanción impuesta al político. En las dos sentencias que se ha comparado se muestra la dificultad para elaborar criterios generales en la interpretación de los límites a la libertad de expresión de los representantes políticos. La formulación de criterios generales demasiado abstractos, puede que no garantice que se impida el ejercicio abusivo e ilícito de tal derecho. Aún no hay suficiente jurisprudencia como para proponer una construcción dogmática sólida sobre el abuso de derecho en el ejercicio de la libertad de expresión. Asimismo, conviene ser conscientes tanto de las ventajas como de los riesgos que entrañan los conceptos jurídicos convencionales que ya cuentan con una interpretación estable.
Rule of Law versus soft Rule of Law
Authors: Méndez Reátegui Rubén , Sumar Albujar Oscar
Published: December 2020

This article refers to a theoretical revision of the term Rule of Law and the concept of soft rule of law. It focuses on human rights as an essential element of the Rule of Law, the interaction between democracy and the challenges faced by the Rule of Law in a consolidated democracy. Finally, as an example, it introduces a brief reflection on the current institutional problems of Peru and Ecuador, pertinent for a better understanding of the interactions between the Rule of Law and the Soft Rule of Law.
Discretion of Power of the Indonesian National Police Impacts the Abuse of Power in the Case of Letter Forgery of Red Notice "Fugitive Djoko Tjandra"
Authors: Riyadi Bambang Slamet , Hermanto Asep Bambang , Harlina Indah , Purnomo Hadi
Published: December 2020

This research was a case study presenting a red notice that was suspected of being false against fugitive Djoko Tjandra by two police generals at the State Police of the Republic of Indonesia. This was a case study research and the research approach method was qualitative. Creswell defines the qualitative method as a research method based on a constructive perspective, that is various meanings; meanings that are constructed socially and historically to develop a theory or pattern. The researchers collected and developed open data, intending to develop themes from the data obtained. The results of the study, based on the exposure to the case analysis, it is suspected that there has been an abuse of power against the power and authority of the state institution of the Indonesian National Police. The researchers suggested that it is better if the legislators of the laws and regulations of the Police of the Republic of Indonesia think about it whether operational accountability is appropriate to the executive of the President of the Republic of Indonesia. Therefore, there is a check and balance of law enforcement behavior carried out by the police.
Understanding Policing of Human Trafficking in Gauteng Province, South Africa: The Phenomena, Challenges and Effective Responses
Authors: Motseki Morero
Published: December 2020

Human trafficking is one of the most heinous crimes perceived to be a serious and growing problem worldwide. Human trafficking is a depressing phenomenon that affects many people across the globe. This study attempts to determine the phenomena of human trafficking, and identify the existing challenges of policing this scourge and suggest possible effective responses. This study was carried out utilising a qualitative approach. Forty interviews were carried out among officials deployed in the Directorate for Priority Crime Investigation (DPCI), the South African Police Service (SAPS), the Department of Home Affairs (DHA), the Department of Social Development (DSD), the Gauteng Provincial Office, as well as with the victims regarding their views and experiences on the stakeholder’s involvement in combating and investigating human trafficking.

The key findings indicated that the challenges are corruption, lack of motivation and commitment to combat human trafficking, lack of limited awareness and information about the human trafficking scourge in South Africa, the findings also indicated a lack of clear strategy and response by stakeholders to successfully investigate, prosecute and incarcerate the perpetrators of human trafficking and the findings further indicated lack of capacity, resources and training to deal with human trafficking. Based on the findings, the author provided, possible recommendations such as; the utilisation of advanced technology and use of intelligence-led policing to strengthen the work of stakeholders, advanced training and better education including improved awareness strategies; and the utilisation of social media as a tool to deal with human trafficking and strengthening of enforcement responses and reporting techniques.
Islamic Dialogue, Local Culture, and Women in Sigi Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Nuraedah
Published: December 2020

This research describes the tradition, Islam, women, and local culture in Sigi Regency through the sociological and historical approach. Tradition, Islam, local culture, and women were objects, and subjects were investigated to describe daily lives around the Islamic Boarding School (Pesantren). Women were the object of the study because they are more sensitive and vulnerable to the development of local traditions. Women's daily activities showed resistance against the domination of men over women. The reality in the society of the district of Sigi showed that women have a substantial contribution as a mediator who served as a liaison, and communicator between Islamic boarding School (pesantren) 's interest' and community's interests. It is most apparent when women contribute to religious activities that were carried out by Islamic Boarding School (Pesantren) and the community.
Assessment of the Level of Accountability in the Context of the Development of Autonomy of Public Universities in Vietnam
Authors: Cuong Pham Le , Thu Hang Nguyen Thi , Manh Pham Dinh , Lam Phan Quoc , Hung Pham Minh
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the study was the development of a methodological approach to assessing the subordination of the level of honor and autonomy of universities in Vietnam.
Methodology: a survey aimed at assessing the level of perception of respondents about the need to carry out accountable activities and assessing the real level of accountability of the studied universities in Vietnam. The survey included 559 managers and 448 teachers from 5 public universities in Vietnam. Correlation analysis of statistical data processing to empirically assess the density and nature of the relationship between the level of perception of need and the actual level of accountability of Vietnamese universities.
Main Findings: the Vietnamese universities under study are characterized by an average level of actual accountability, which does not contribute to the effective development of their autonomy in modern conditions. Given that the level of perception of the need for accountability by university personnel and its actual level of implementation have a direct subordinate relationship, it seems necessary to introduce effective mechanisms of accountability based on the motivation of personnel of higher education institutions in Vietnam.
Applications of this Study: the results of this research study will be useful to the government authorities of Vietnam, as well as the administration of educational institutions for the development and practical implementation of an effective strategy for increasing the autonomy of institutions of the higher education system in Vietnam, as a factor in the optimal ratio of state and market mechanisms in achieving socio-economic progress.
Novelty/Originality of this Study: The authors empirically determined the level of perception and actual accountability of universities in Vietnam, as well as quantitatively substantiated the qualitative parameters of their interaction in the process of developing the autonomy of higher educational institutions.
The Idea of Implementing a Deferred Prosecution Agreement with the Anti-Bribery Management System in Corruption Crime Management by Corporations in Indonesia
Authors: Zenno Januarsyah Mas Putra , Pantja Astawa I Gde , Atmasasmita Romli , Gultom Elisatris
Published: December 2020

Corporations are entities that have a large role in society, there are many positive roles to life, but not a few negative existences of activities that arise, including corruption. The purpose of this article is to analyze the implementation of the Deferred Prosecution Agreement (DPA) with the Anti-Bribery Management System (ABMS) in dealing with Corruption by Corporations in Indonesia. The method used in this article is normative juridical legal research. This article concludes ways to eradicate corrupt acts carried out remarkably, in turn experiencing obstacles in terms of the functioning of criminal law, even it can be said to be counter-productive. This is a concrete step towards the idea of implementing DPA as a restorative approach in the context of tackling corruption acts committed by corporations. By using the Anti-Bribery Management System (ABMS), it is expected that corrective steps will be obtained from the corporation.
The Aftermath of Management Actions on Competitive Advantage through Process Attributes at Food and Beverage Industries Export Import in Perak Harbor of Surabaya
Authors: Daengs G.S. Achmad , Istanti Enny , Kusuma Negoro R.M. Bramastyo , Sanusi Ruchan
Published: December 2020

The objectives of this study is to analyze information quality, customer relationship management on product quality, responsiveness, competitive advantage. This research type is a causal research with a quantitative approach. Population obtained from 82 export and import businessmen in Perak. Sample of study was taken with a saturated sampling technique, so the number of samples was 82 people. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used is PLS analysis. The results in this study indicate that: (1) information quality has a significant effect on product quality; (2) information quality has a significant effect on responsiveness; (3) customer relationship management has a significant effect on responsiveness; (4) product quality has a significant effect on responsiveness; (5) product quality has a significant effect on competitive advantage; (6) responsiveness has a significant effect on competitive advantage.
Model of Self-Identification of Youth in the Global Communication Environment
Authors: Bakulov Viktor D. , Silenko Svetlana V. , Polomoshnov Lev A. , Anisimova Natalya N.
Published: December 2020

Identity is the result of an identification process. The essence of the identification process is expressed in the acceptance of a certain social role by an individual in the process of entering a social group. The psychological meaning of the phenomenon of “identity” reflects the inner identity and integrity of an individual. This phenomenon can affect both an individual and a group. The novelty of the research is determined by the fact that important factors in the process of identity development are specific events in the past and present, periods of crisis and changes in the history of society. It is shown that the main psychological mechanism for the development of identity is identification associated with the interaction between an individual and a social group. The development of personality identity includes a number of types of identity and continues during ontogenesis, is a dynamic and uneven process. The authors show that the concept of national identity within the framework of various fields of psychological science can relate to a group and a person. The practical significance of the study is determined by the fact that in the study the authors understand national identity as the cognitive and emotional awareness of a person of his own belonging to a particular nation, which has its own characteristics. Student (late adolescence) age is decisive in the formation of a person's identity and sensitive for the development of his national identity. The psychological mechanism for the development of a person's national identity at this age is national identification. An insufficient study of the development of the national identity of student youth has been established.
The Concept of Violence and its Expression in Criminal Law
Authors: Jurka Raimundas , Zajanckauskiene Jolanta , Marcinauskaite Renata , Sukyte Jolita
Published: December 2020

The very concepts of violence, studies of its forms from the criminal law viewpoint may be instrumental in dissociating criminalised violent actions from non-criminalised though having a legal significance or the actions falling outside the area of criminal regulation; furthermore, such studies can help identify the actions that in criminal law should be viewed as socially useful (for instance, the circumstances excluding criminal responsibility). It should be noted that the concept of violence and identification of its expression forms have not only a theoretical value, but also, as has been by this study proven, is applicable in legislation (for instance, for the purpose of criminalising different types of violence), as well as in case law (for instance, when identifying possible violence manifestation options). In the light of the above the present paper focuses on the definition of violence, the possible forms of its manifestation; the authors also looked into the specific forms the coercive criminal acts can acquire in the legislation.
Religious Values of Youth within the Framework of the Sociology of Culture
Authors: Artukhov Andrey V. , Rebysheva Lidia V. , Savickaya Yulia P.
Published: December 2020

In a situation of paradigm pluralism of modern sociology, the selection of certain provisions for the formation of a theoretical framework always causes certain difficulties and problems. On the one hand, there is a clear division of sociological knowledge along the line of the classical – non-classical, and on the other hand, in the present conditions this division looks somewhat artificial and, according to many analysts, should be replaced by the integration of approaches, theories, and concepts, the creation of an integrative paradigm. Therefore, considering the sociological heritage and new developments, it is necessary to select those groups of theoretical propositions that will help reveal the diversity of values in empirical research. The novelty of the research is determined by the existence of a certain hierarchy in the value system. As part of any value system, one can distinguish, first of all, dominant values. The authors show that the system of values determines the criteria recognised by society, based on which control over the activities of people is carried out and their behaviour is regulated, that is, it is the system of values that ensures civil order. It acts as a theoretical framework for social activity. Authors determine that the value system regulates the behaviour of people in society and directs it in the proper, correct direction. It acts as a guideline when choosing a method of action, forms goals and leads to their achievement. The practical significance of the research is determined by the fact that each culture creates its individual system of value guidelines, which serve as a kind of model, determine the direction of the actions of a person or the entire society, that is, values of a certain kind of motivators of actions.
Features of Corporate Liability for Violation of Competition Law
Authors: Yaroshenko Oleg M. , Kutomanov Dmytro Ye. , Maryniv Nataliya A. , Dudenko Tetiana V.
Published: December 2020

The relevance of the study is determined by the need to establish corporate responsibility for breach of legislation. In this regard, this paper is aimed at identifying features of competition and corporate responsibility for breach of competition law. Particular attention is drawn to the case when corporations become monopolists and, in fact, dictate market rules. Consideration of the development aspect of competition law suggests that it largely limits the growth of corporate business and forces corporations to formulate strategies for splitting the business, thereby determining the conduct of business. In the modern world, where business is in many respects globalised, such measures can lead to a decrease in market indicators and form a dependence on the operations of certain corporations in the local market. The leading method to the study of this issue is the modelling method, which allows to consider this problem as a targeted and organised procedure related to the improvement and application of competition law, as well as the protection and development of competition. The novelty of the study lies in the possibility of limiting the activities of a corporation in a market that is occupied by it and where there is no practical competition. The authors consider the mechanism of self-regulation as a source of domestic competition law. The paper determines that self-regulation processes are also subject to state supervision and thus corporate self-regulation becomes an aspect of the regulation of competition enforcement by the state at large. The practical significance of the study is determined by the structural feature of the corporation as a quasi-state mechanism and the regulation of external relations between the state and corporations as tax residents on this basis.
Crimes against Justice under the Legislation of the States of the European Union
Authors: Vorobchak Andrii R. , Nalutsyshyn Viktor V. , Nalutsyshyn Volodymyr V. , Popovych Olena V.
Published: December 2020

The countries of the European Union (EU) are united, but above all, each country is autonomous. EU Member States have different legislation on criminal offences. The EU authorities have already suggested the possibility of creating a single system for regulating legal provisions on criminal offences. Studying and comparing the legal systems and responsibilities for crimes against justice in individual countries will facilitate the analysis of the differences in the legislation of the EU countries. The purpose of this paper is to investigate crimes against justice in accordance with the laws of each individual European country. The paper considers the composition of such crimes, as well as the responsibility to which offenders can be brought in case of such crimes. The study uses the methods of analysis and synthesis, analyses legal provisions. General methods of scientific cognition used in this study include dialectical, historical, the Aristotelian method, method of systematic data analysis, formal legal method, method of legal modelling and comparative legal method. The study investigates the legal framework of European countries, in particular criminal codes and laws. This study systematises and groups the received information and data on criminal liability of judges for unlawful decisions. The European practices in punishing those who do not comply with court rulings and judgments are also analysed. A study of the legal system in individual EU countries will help distinguish between positive and negative aspects in the legislation. In addition, this study allows to consider and analyse the most effective laws, provisions, and principles that can be implemented in the current legal system of different countries of the world.
Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Counteracting Unfair Competition and Violation of Antimononpoly Laws
Authors: Korolova Viktoriia V. , Dolianovska Inna M. , Hryhorchuk Myroslav V. , Vyshnevska Yuliia V.
Published: December 2020

Competition allows business entities to implement projects that can subsequently ensure the development of the socio-public system and the country as a whole. At the same time, an opportunity for personal development is also achieved for a business entity. At the same time, any activity aimed at increasing profitability and market share leads to the emergence of new market participants that can help destabilise the industry or bring innovations to it. This allows the implementation of scientific and technological progress due to the competition mechanism. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that unfair competition is understood only as an element of violation of economically sound norms for entrepreneurial activity. The authors consider the competition of bona fide type as an element of the formation of saturation of the commodity market. Moreover, the state is considered not only as a source of antimonopoly legislation, but also as a factor in the implementation of the principles of competition in the interests of society as a whole. The practical significance of the study is determined by the possibility of structuring the requirements for competition law on the basis of independent regulation and the additional use of judicial and restrictive measures to spread the practice of competition in any sector of the national economy.
Role of International Criminal Court in Reducing Human Rights Violations
Authors: Othman Adel Hamzah
Published: December 2020

Crimes against human rights and military conflicts within and between states are forcing the international community to take collective responsibility for peace and prevention of such incidents. An important factor in this direction is the accountability of those who commit crimes against humanity. Apart from representatives of the judicial system of each individual country, this role is assigned to the International Criminal Court (ICC). While its role in the investigation of military conflicts and crimes against human rights has been questioned by a series of setbacks, it is impossible to deny the ICC's impact on peace. To identify the role of the ICC in the establishment and protection of human rights, authors analyse closed and open criminal investigations throughout the history of the Court. Analysis of the criminal cases opened in 4 countries is provided, namely: Uganda, Kenya, Sudan, and Iraq. The obtained data demonstrate that investigations are more effective in countries that are members of the Rome Statute. With more power, the International Criminal Court can work more effectively with the governments of these states and hold those responsible for crimes against humanity to account. Thus, in Sudan, the pre-trial investigation in several cases has been going on for more than 10 years, the trial itself has not yet begun. In the Iraq-UK case, the ICC Attorney's Office also failed to obtain justice for the perpetrators of crimes against Iraqi citizens. The authors recommend addressing this factor and consider an in-depth study of the ICC statute. Changes in international criminal justice require flexibility from relevant organisations and their statutes.
Criminal Liability for Violation of the Quarantine Regime in the Conditions of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lemeshko Oleksandr M. , Haltsova Viktoriia V. , Brazhnyk Andrii A.
Published: December 2020

Infectio us diseases is the subject of increased attention, which causes concern in society throughout the world. In this context, and in order to implement preventive measures, democratisation and protection of human rights are increasingly combined with measures of state coercion. The new challenge today is the COVID-19 pandemic, recognised by the World Health Organisation. Today is pandemic has forced a qualitative rethink of approaches to responding to the health challenges of both individuals and nations. States have gradually begun to use a variety of health measures, including policy and legal instruments, to control the spread and effects of COVID-19. Some states have resorted to criminal law to apply it to health care to prevent infection with COVID-19. A comparative analysis of the features of criminal liability for violating the quarantine regime in the European Union and Ukraine showed the variability of the structures of crimes, however, the unity of difficulties in qualifying socially dangerous acts and, as a result, the impossibility of effective prosecution. It was stated that there was an urgent need for States to recognise that the new coronavirus was a serious health emergency, but that the criminalisation related to COVID-19 was a worrying trend towards prolonging human rights restrictions. Experts are increasingly questioning, in particular, the feasibility and effectiveness of existing criminal law measures on health care and their fragmentary compliance with internationally declared human rights standards, which in the long run will be the basis for the abolition of new criminalised components of crimes.
Recommendations of the Council of Europe as a Guide for the Development of Criminal Executive Law of Ukraine
Authors: Haltsova Olena V. , Kutiepov Maksym Yu. , Stepaniuk Anatolii F.
Published: December 2020

The recommendations of the Council of Europe are based on the rich European experience of execution of punishments in the field of criminal-executive law, as well as the generalisation of the positive achievements of the national legislation of the most developed countries in this respect. In its recommendations, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe calls on States to improve the legislation and practices of their respective agencies with a view to increasing the application of alternative sanctions and measures, which should ultimately reduce the number of people held in prisons. The aim of the article is to determine the degree of consideration of the recommendations of the Council of Europe on changes in certain norms of legislation in the field of criminal executive law. The main approach is the methodology of comparative analysis of the domestic penitentiary system and its legal framework in the world and the European Union, as well as the previous system in Ukraine, which has changed in accordance with the recommendations of the Council of Europe. Based on the results of the analysis, the priority areas for implementation of the recommendations provided by the Council of Europe concerning the observance of rights in the penitentiary system have been identified. In the future, it is of interest to compare the legislative support of the penitentiary system in the light of the further implementation of the recommendations of the Council of Europe in the context of the implementation of relevant norms in the domestic legislation and their realisation in practice.
The Economic Foundations of the Rule of Law in the Russian Federation
Authors: Kuksin Ivan N. , Allalyev Ruslan M. , Lipunov Valery I. , Tyurin Ilya V.
Published: December 2020

This study, based on the economic and legal metrics of the Russian Federation, considers the possibility of implementing the concept of the rule of law in the modern world. The study emphasises the issue of the rule of law in any country being directly related to the problem of redistribution of public goods. In many ways, this can be considered an example of how economic stability ensures legal stability. The research methodology includes a dialectical method, which allowed to ensure compliance with the principles of scientific knowledge. The study shows the dynamics of ensuring human rights, the distribution of income and expenses in society over different periods in the history of the Russian Federation. In this regard, the authors come to the conclusion that the perception and functions of the concept of the rule of law will soon deviate from classical liberal values towards the basic ideas of social equality and justice.
Ustalone w Niemczech jednolite ceny dla wydawanych na receptę produktów leczniczych są sprzeczne z prawem Unii.Glosa do wyroku Trybunału Sprawiedliwości z dnia 19 października 2016 r. w sprawie C-148/15: Deutsche Parkinson Vereinigung eVprzeciwko Zentrale zur Bekämpfung unlauteren Wettbewerbs eV
Authors: Kaźmierczak Tomasz
Published: December 2020

System of fi xed prices for the sale of prescription-only medicinal products for human use by pharmacies as a measure having equivalent effect to a quantitative restriction on imports. Case comment to the Judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union of 19 October 2016 in case C-148/15: Deutsche Parkinson Vereinigung eV v. Zentrale zur Bekämpfung unlauteren Wettbewerbs eV
Problematyka reklamy produktów leczniczych w Internecie – krytyczna analiza
Authors: Rajca Mikołaj
Published: December 2020

Advertising medicinal products en bloc generates a great deal of heated debate among professionals of various scientifi c orientations. In spite of this fact, on 2 July 2016, the Polish Minister of Health issued an ordinance summoning a special committee with the objective of preparing certain recommendations and references concerning, among others, advertising of medicinal products, dietary supplements and medical devices. The following article is structured so as to critically asses and analyze the legal framework governing the advertisement of medicinal products, with emphasis on their on-line advertisement. Particular signifi cance is placed on: 1) the issue of pharmaceutical spam, including a discussion of the dangers it poses and the possible responses it can face, including those initiated by EU agencies (ENISA and EMA), and 2) the advertisement of medicinal products on social media (Web 2.0). The discussion provides an in-depth coverage of decisions issued by the Polish Chief Pharmacy Inspectorate (regulatory board; GIF) in relation to medicinal advertising (on-line) and features a brief summary of chosen foreign practices. The analysis also covers the issue of supervision over advertising medicinal products. In the course of the article, the author uses a formal-dogmatic assessment method, operated and supported by the legal theory of law in action, in order to close the article with conclusions and de lege ferenda postulates
Telemedycyna na tle polskich regulacji prawnych – szansa czy zagrożenie?
Authors: Chojecka Monika , Nowak Adam
Published: December 2020

Modern technology found in the diagnostic and treatment process of patients can be the future of medicine. This so-called “telemedicine” is also an important legislative issue. The article analyzes legal rules which are the cornerstoneof this fi eld in the Polish legal system. Special attention is placed on recent works devoted to the creation by the legislator of a new approach to the legal framework for telemedicine. The paper also contains an assessment of the effectiveness of the functioning of these legal solutions
Spór o homeopatię (czyli o władzę nad rynkiem)
Authors: Sroczyński Jarosław
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the effects of rulings issued by the Court of Competition and Consumer Protection (SOKiK) and the Court of Appeal concerning homeopathy upon the scope of the powers of medical self-government to regulate markets. The author provides an analysis of these powers on the basis of competition law, since the latter intersects with pharmaceutical law and laws regulating the professional activities of doctors. The author draws attention to the fact that depriving the competition authority – the UOKiK President – of the power to scrutinize the activities of professional self-government bodies may lead to adverse effects for competition and consumers protection. These would consist of the limitation of the freedom of market access of undertakings as well as limit consumers’ free choice to access legally sold products and services.
TRANSLATIONS, VERSIONS AND COMMENTARIES ON POETRY IN THE 15TH- AND 16TH CENTURIES
Authors: Marfany Marta
Published: December 2020

This article introduces the monograph “Translations, versions and commentaries on poetry in the 15th- and 16thcenturies”, which includes four studies dealing with translations from vernacular to vernacular, of works by Dante,Petrarch, Alain Chartier and Jan van der Noot.
Diet-disease relationships: Recent advances in nutritional epidemiology
Authors: Zamora-Ros Raul , González Carlos Alberto
Published: December 2020

Nutritional epidemiology currently studies the diet-disease relationships. In order to evaluate these associations, an accurate estimation of nutritional exposure is essential. Traditional dietary questionnaires are being complemented with the measurement of nutritional biomarkers. New methodologies, including the use of new dietary assessments, metabolomics for increasing the quantity and quality of biomarkers, and statistical approaches to combine both techniques, are required to move forward in this field. In this review, we have selected five of the more relevant accomplishments in this field as examples of the importance of dietary factors in the prevention of non-communicable diseases. This theoretical knowledge needs to be finally translated by public health experts into dietary recommendations to the general population.
Sistema de riego automático para plantas combinado con una interfaz gráfica
Authors: Argemí Ballbé Xavi
Published: December 2020

Para el cultivo de plantas, los factores más importantes (además de la semilla y la tierra) son los niveles de luz y humedad. Esta aplicación sirve para que una bomba de agua proceda a regar una planta cuando el detector de humedad detecta niveles bajos y siempre y cuando sea de noche, ya que el sol hace más ineficiente el riego. Sin embargo, la bomba se puede accionar manualmente cuando interese regar pese a ser de día, o parar en cualquier momento un riego en marcha.
Innovative security of the border region: experience of comparative statistical and expert evaluation in Rostov Oblast
Authors: Gorochnaya Vasilisa Valer'evna , Mikhaylova Anna Alekseevna , Mikhaylov Andrey Sergeevich
Published: December 2020

The subject of this research is innovative security of Rostov Oblast of the Russian Federation as a western border region in the present context of geo-economic uncertainty and intricacy. Relevance of this article is substantiated by the current geopolitical factor, when innovative systems of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation experience a strong negative external influence, which is a result of relations between Russia and Western countries. It has a greater impact on the border regions that are integrated into the international innovative and production chains, and have stable economic ties with the foreign partners. The novelty of this research consists in conceptualization of representations on innovative security through the prism of nonlinear dynamics of the complex open systems. The values of this research consists in empirical material acquired in the course of expert interviews. The comparison of obtained empirical qualitative and quantitative results allows concluding on the relatively consistent positive dynamics of innovative development of Rostov Oblast, but at the same time indicating the key issues in ensuring its innovative security in the new geopolitical realities.
Articulation of the problem of ensuring security of the algorithms of intelligent systems
Authors: Tikhanychev Oleg Vasilyevich
Published: December 2020

Relevance of the selected topic is defined by implementation of autonomous robotic systems of various designation. The object of this research is the algorithmic problems emerging in monitoring the security of algorithms. The author determines the existing contradiction between the need for automation of robotics and the complexity of software implementation of this requirement. The research is carried out on the example of implementation of robotics in transport and military spheres. Realization of the trends of automation in these spheres generates certain legal and technological problems associated with algorithmic support of the autonomous systems. The indicated problems manifest in unrecoverable application errors, divided by the experts into the errors of first and second grade. The primary cause for the occurrence of such errors in robotics consists in misuse of autonomous robotic systems software. If for conventional technical systems the consequences of such errors and responsibility thereof are predictable, the problem of implementation of the autonomous robots needs to be addressed. Using the general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, the author examines the key aspects of the current state and prospects of algorithmization of usage of autonomous systems. Leaning on the general review of algorithmic problems of implementation of autonomous robots, implications and manifestation of errors of first and second grade emerging in their implementation, the author synthesizes articulation of the scientific problem of division of responsibility between the developers and the users of systems in the context of elaboration of algorithms of their implementation,
A simple method for constructing elliptic function solutions to the nonlinear evolution equations and its applications
Authors: Li De-Sheng  , Zhang Hong-Qing  ,   (1)大连理工大学应用数学系，大连  116024; (2)燕山大学数学系，秦皇岛  066004;大连理工大学应用数学系，大连  116024
Published: December 2020

Many travelling wave solutions of nonlinear evolution differential equations can be written as a polynomial of two elementary functions which satisfy a projective Riccati equation. From that property, we deduce a method for building these solutions by establishing the relation between the solutions of the general elliptic equation and the projective Riccati equation. The method is effective for both type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ equtions. At the same time, we also answer the question of how to construct the elliptic function solutions in fraction form to the nonlinear evolution equations.
Entanglement between charge qubit and quantized field
Authors: Li Zhao-Xin  , Zou Jian  , Cai Jin-Fang  , Shao Bin  ,   北京理工大学物理系,北京  100081
Published: December 2020

We investigate time evolution of the entanglement between charge qubit initially in mixed states and quantized field. By calculating the concurrence lower bound, we study the effect of initial mixedness λ and detuning Δ on the entanglement of the system. In the case of weak field, the degree of entanglement for charge qubit being initially in excited state is much larger than that for charge qubit being initially in ground state, and detuning Δ can efficiently reduce the entanglement. But in the case of strong field, the time evolution of the entanglement is about the same for charge qubit being initially in excited and ground states, the more mixed the initial state of charge qubit is prepared, the weaker the entanglement is, and Δ has less effect on the entanglement than in the case of weak field.
Single qubit and its universal logic gate made of an annular spin cluster with anisotropic Heisenberg-chain
Authors: Yan Xiao-Bo  , Wang Shun-Jin  ,   (1)四川大学物理系,成都  610064; (2)四川大学物理系,成都  610064;兰州重离子加速器国家实验室,兰州  730000
Published: December 2020

We investigate an annular spin cluster made of three particles with anisotropic Heisenberg-chain controlled by a time-dependent magnetic field. The system has an SU(2) algebraic structure. Using algebraic dynamical method, we have obtained the exact analytical solution to the time dependent Schrdinger equation. Based on the analytical solution, it is shown that the system can be used as a universal single qubit logic gate controlled by the strength and frequency of the magnetic field, and consequently six special single qubit logic gates can be realized.
On the divergence problem of temperature fluctuations in simple systems
Authors: Hou Ji-Xuan  , Wang Xin  , Huang Shan  , Lin Jian-Jun  , Wan Cheng-Lan  , Liu Quan-Hui  ,   (1)湖南大学理论物理研究所和应用物理系，长沙  410082; (2)湖南大学理论物理研究所和应用物理系，长沙  410082;北京理工大学物理系，北京  100081
Published: December 2020

The presupposition of deriving the fluctuation from equilibrium thermodynamics is that the fluctuation must be small, yet for some systems the derived temperature fluctuations are divergent as the temperature approaches 0K. For such fluctuations, the statistical physics has to be utilized to yield the correct results. Our results show that the fluctuations go to zero as the temperature approaches 0K.
Entropy flux and entropy production of a stochastic system with double singularities driven by colored noise
Authors: Xie Wen-Xian  , Xu Wei  , Cai Li  ,   (1)西北工业大学航天学院,西安  710072; (2)西北工业大学应用数学系,西安  710072
Published: December 2020

This paper shows the Fokker-Planck(FP) equation of a stochastic system with double singularities driven by Gaussian colored noise. Based on the FP equation and the definition of Shannon's information entropy, the exact time dependence of entropy flux and entropy production of the system is calculated both in the absence and in the presence of non-equilibrium constraint. The relationship between the properties of double singularities, noise correlation time and dissipative parameter and their effects on entropy flux and entropy production are discussed.
Proportional-integral-derivative chaotic system control algorithm based on particle swarm optimization
Authors: Wang Dong-Feng  , Han Pu  ,   华北电力大学自动化系,保定  071003
Published: December 2020

Proportional-integral-derivative(PID) control algorithm has the property of simplicity and practicability, but it is difficult to be tuned to control a complex nonlinear system. An advanced particle swarm optimization (PSO) was used to optimize the PID controller for controlling chaotic systems. Computer simulation of its application to several chaotic systems has been done. The controlled chaotic systems are the Hénon chaos, Duffing chaos, six-roll UC mill chaos, Nagumo-sato neuron chaos, Chen's chaos, and permanent magnet synchronous motor chaos. Th chaos control simulation results show that: 1) The output feedback based PID control for chaotic systems is effective; 2) using PID to control complex chaotic systems is feasible; and 3) using PSO to optimize the PID parameters for chaos control is effective and simple in programming.