bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal choice of prophylactic anticoagulant therapy for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in the context of COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Polyakov A. S. , Tyrenko V. V. , Kryukov E. V. , Noskov Ya. A.
Published: September 2021

Already at the very beginning of COVID-19 pandemic, it became known about the key clinical and pathogenetic significance of immunopathological reactions and disorders of hemostasis. Specific coagulopathy, microvascular thromboinflammatory organ damage, macrothrombosis and thromboembolism in the acute period of COVID-19, as well as secondary hemostasis disorders in convalescents, actualize the issues of caring patients with cardiovascular disease. COVID-19 not only increases the risk of thromboembolic events for patients with previously identified arrhythmias, but can also indirectly cause it (as a complication of infection or therapy). The aim of this work was to summarize the data and substantiate the optimal choice of prophylactic anticoagulant therapy for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Atrial fibrillation is not only the most common type of supraventricular tachyarrhythmia, but it is also the main underlying cause of more than half of cardioembolic stroke cases, which requires effective thromboprophylaxis. While maintaining the infectious danger for patients, the anticoagulant selection should take into account the possible dysfunctions and drug interactions during the initial infection or reinfection of COVID-19, as well as the possibility of rapid anticoagulant action reverse if surgery is required or bleeding develops. The optimal choice seems to be the use of dabigatran, which is characterized by the best safety profile for hepato- and nephrotoxicity, cytochrome P450-independent metabolism, and the presence of an antidote.
Management of risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy
Authors: Bakulina N. V. , Tikhonov S. V. , Lishchuk N. B. , Karaya A. B.
Published: September 2021

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are used to prevent and treat thrombosis and thromboembolic events in patients with various diseases. Despite its high efficacy and safety, DOAC therapy is accompanied by increased risk of hemorrhage, including gastrointestinal bleeding. Bleeding risk depends on individual patient profile and their risk factors. An increased risk of bleeding is associated with manifesting effect of DOACs on existing mucosal defects, active Helicobacter pylori infection. To reduce the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding in clinical practice, changing of following modifiable risk factors is required: H. pylori eradication; dose-adjusted DOAC therapy; prophylactic proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) administration to patients with HAS-BLED score ≥3, receiving dual or triple antithrombotic therapy, taking DOACs in combination with non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, to those with upper gastrointestinal diseases. In addition to PPIs, patients may be prescribed with rebamipide, bismuth tripotassium dicitrate, ursodeoxycholic acid. DOAC rivaroxaban (Xarelto®) has pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic advantages, a convenient single dosing regimen and a favorable safety profile, which provides effective protection against thrombosis and thromboembolic events in combination with low risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.
How to use the functional empirical process for deriving asymptotic laws for functions of the sample
Authors: Lo Gane Samb
Published: September 2021

The functional empirical process is a very powerful tool for deriving asymptotic laws for almost any kind of statistics whenever we know how to express them into functions of the sample. Since this method seems to be applied more and more in the very recent future, this paper is intended to provide a complete but short description and justification of the method and to illustrate it with a non-trivial example using bivariate data. It may also serve for citation without repeating the arguments
Measurement of Corpus Callosum Size Using MRI In Nepalese Population
Authors:   Department of Radio diagnosis, Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, B.P.Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital, Chitwan, Nepal., Gnawali Suman ,   Department of Radiology &Imaging, TU Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal., Yadav Ajay Kumar ,   Department of Radio diagnosis, Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, B.P.Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital, Chitwan, Nepal., Humagain Mukunda Psd ,   Department of Radiology &Imaging, TU Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal., Kayastha Prakash ,   Department of Radiology &Imaging, TU Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal., Panthi Durga ,   Institute of Medicine, Central Department Of Public Health, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Published: September 2021

Corpus callosum (CC) is the main fiber tract connecting the cortical and sub-cortical regions of the right, left hemispheres, and plays an essential role in the integration of information between the two hemispheres. By using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the dimensions of corpus callosum can be studied. In this cross-sectional quantitative study 80 cases of normal MRI head were selected for study over two months. T1 weighted sagittal spin-echo images with slice thickness of 6 mm, planned from an axial and coronal image were used for measuring length and thickness of corpus callosum. Obtained data were analyzed using SPSS ver.20 software and shown in frequency, percentages and bar diagram. The mean Corpus callosum (CC) length was 68.06 mm in the study population (n=80). The mean thickness of Genu, Body and Splenium were 9.15,5.2 and 9.08 mm respectively and average thickness was 7.81 mm. Statistically significant differences in size of CC for various age groups in both sexes were observed. The mean length of CC was 68.06 mm and mean thickness of CC was 7.81 mm. There were variation in the size of CC with age and sex. The Pearson correlation Coefficient is 0.48829 between Age and Length of CC, its P-value is 0.0019 KEY WORD: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Corpus callosum (CC), Genu, Body, Splenium Sagittal Spin-Echo.
A Study on Suprascapular Foramen and Its Clinical Importance: A Cadaveric Study in Western Part of Tamilnadu, India
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, KMCH Institute of Health Sciences & Research, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India., Vijaianand M  , Sakthivel M  ,   Tutor, Department of Anatomy, KMCH Institute of Health Sciences & Research, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.
Published: September 2021

Background: Suprascapular notch is present along the superior border of the scapula close to the lateral angle, which is converted into a Suprascapular foramen by the transverse Suprascapular ligament. Normally the Suprascapular nerve and vein pass through the foramen below the ligament, while the Suprascapular artery runs above the ligament. Suprascapular nerve entrapment is an interesting clinical condition which is widely involved in this area. Aim of the study: To find out the presence of Suprascapular artery passing along with the Suprascapular nerve and vein within the foramen and any pathology associated with it. Materials and Methods: The proposed study is carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Karpagam Faculty of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, where 51 well embalmed cadavers of both the sexes and various age groups was utilised. Results: Out of 51 cadavers dissected, we found Suprascapular artery was found passing along with the Suprascapular nerve and vein in 2 of the cadavers, of which one each is found in a male and a female cadaver with an incidence of 3.92%. Conclusion: Studies done earlier pointed out the importance of Suprascapular nerve entrapment, the various causes and predisposing factors responsible for it ,and a knowledge of safe zone around the shoulder region should be known well to the operating surgeon and the available imaging techniques should be utilised by the radiologists in order to avoid the complications while dealing with the Suprascapular nerve entrapment. KEY WORDS: Cadaver, Suprascapular foramen, Suprascapular artery, Nerve entrapment, Transverse Suprascapular ligament.
The Number and Determinants of Nutrient foramina among dry human femur bones from the East African population: A Cross-section study
Authors:   Senior Lecturer Department of Anatomy Uganda Christian University School of Medicine. P.o Box 36724 Kampala., Tumusiime Gerald , Gonza Kirum Gonzaga ,   Lecturer Department of Anatomy Makerere University College of Health Sciences. P.o Box 7072 Kampala., Kukiriza John ,   Lecturer Department of Anatomy, Earnest Cook Ultrasound Research and Education institute, P.o Box 7161 Kampala.
Published: September 2021

Background: Nutrient foramina form important landmarks on the femur and other bones as the portal of entry for nutrient arteries. Nutrient arteries are important sources of blood supply for growing bones; and their variations may be due to congenital or acquired causes. These variations are important in anatomical comparisons, orthopaedic surgical practice and forensic medicine. Aims: This study aimed at establishing the number and determinants of the nutrient foramina among dry human femur bones from the East African population. Materials and methods: This was a cross-section study of 333 dry femur bones from the East African population, at the Galloway osteological collection of Makerere University college of health sciences. The number of nutrient foramina on the shaft of each femur, the corresponding demographic, clinical and morphometric characteristics were documented. Data were entered in an Excel sheet and exported to STATA 14 for analysis. Univariate, bivariate and multivariable analyses were performed to obtain the summary statistics and the measures of association. At all levels of analysis, a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the 333 femurs, 291 (87.4%) were from males; and 137(50.15%) were right femurs. The age ranged from 20 to 75 years with a mean age of 35 (SD± 12) years. Nutrient foramina ranged from one to four; mean of 1.4 (SD±0.5) and median of 1 (IQR: 1 to 2). Of the 333 femurs, 199 (59.8%) had one foramen, 129 (38.7%) had two foramina, four femurs had three foramina and one femur had four foramina. There was a statistically significant association between the number of nutrient foramina and the femur’s: mid-shaft circumference (p=0.014; 95%CI: 0.003 to 0.028), nationality (p=0.016; 95%CI: -0.284 to -0.030) and sex (p=0.012; 96%CI: -0.405 to -0.050). Conclusion: Nutrient foramina among femurs from the East African population range from one to four per femur, with predominantly one foramen. The key determinants of the number of foramina are: mean mid-shaft circumference, nationality and sex. These findings are significant in anatomical comparisons; forensic and orthopaedic practices. KEY WORDS: Nutrient foramina, dry human femur, East African population, morphometric characteristics.
Patterns of Arterial Arcades of the Superficial Palmar Arch: A Study In Embalmed Cadaver Palms
Authors:   Associate Professor, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India., Udupi Suman , Gowda Pushpa ,   Associate Professor, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
Published: September 2021

Background: The complex and variable pattern of the arterial arcades of the palm form an interesting area of study anatomically and surgically. In the present study arches were classified into complete and incomplete types, the complete type being the most prominent in 88.6% of the palms. Among the complete type, arch formed by ulnar artery alone supplying the thumb and index finger was found in majority of the specimens (50%). The classical or standard superficial palmar arch formed by the superficial palmar branch of radial and ulnar arteries was found in only 28.5%. Different patterns of the arterial arcades of the superficial palmar arch are normally encountered during routine anatomical dissections of the palm which needs to be emphasized and highlighted for a desired surgical out come during microvascular reconstructive surgeries of the palm and during radial artery cannulation. Context: With technological advancements in microsurgical procedures of the hand, fields of anatomical interest like the classification of arterial arcades of the palm, now becomes essential for operating vascular surgeons for a desired surgical outcome Purpose of the study: The present study was taken up to analyze and document varying patterns of the arterial arcades of the superficial palmar arch. Methods and Material: the study was conducted by dissecting 70 randomly obtained formalin fixed cadaver palms. Results: In the present study arches were classified into complete and incomplete types, the complete type being the most prominent in 88.6% of the palms. Among the complete type, arch formed by ulnar artery alone supplying the thumb and index finger was found in majority of the specimens (50%). The classical or standard superficial palmar arch formed by the superficial palmar branch of radial and ulnar arteries was found in only 28.5%. Out of the 70 hands, incomplete arches were found only in 8 hands with an incidence of 11.4%. Conclusion: Knowledge of arterial pattern of the hand is very important to vascular and reconstructive surgeons for effective treatment of injuries of the hand. Such a knowledge of the disposition of the arterial arcades of the palm also enables cardio-vascular surgeons to plan and modify surgical procedures such as radial artery harvesting, cannulation and in preventing the ischemia of hands in such procedures. KEY WORDS: Superficial palmar arch, Arterial arcades, Complete arch, Incomplete arch.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Low High-Density Lipoproteins-Cholesterol: An Analysis of the United States of America National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2015-2016
Authors:   Public Health and Health Risks Expert in Fragile Settings, One Health Researcher, Field Epidemiologist MSF, Belgium, Akem Tambe E. , Cuéllar Marianne ,   Senior Medical Information Specialist, IPSEN Biopharmaceuticals Canada Inc., Canada
Published: September 2021

Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) being the most predominant. This is a similar trend in the United States (U.S.). Modifiable and non-modifiable factors are important determinants of dyslipidaemia, a known cause of CVDs. Objective This study aimed to explore the pattern of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) distribution and its associated risk factors. Methods The data was collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015-2016 database which is part of the yearly cross-sectional survey. The NHANES uses complex multistage probability sampling method in data collection.The target population was the noninstitutionalized civilian living across the U.S. The primary sampling units were individuals. Socio-demographic characteristics, body measurement (waist circumference) and blood samples (to determine HDL-C and total cholesterol levels) were recorded. In the database, 5000 respondents were randomly selected for analysis. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata version 14.0. The results are described as means and standard deviation (SD) for group and continuous variables. Regression analyses were used to identify risk factors of low HDL-C. Results Of the complete cases (3989), 49.03% were males. The mean age was 46.57±15.44-years. The mean HDL-C was 1.39±0.45 mmoL/L. The prevalence of low HDL-C was 32.8% in males and 12.5% in females. The results obtained from multiple linear regression indicated that male gender, age, ethnicity, country of birth, number of children aged 0-18-years per household, waist circumference, family income to poverty ratio and total cholesterol were significantly associated with HDL-C. Multivariable logistic regression revealed male gender, age 30 to 49-years, ethnicity, smoking, enlarged waist circumference (cm), low family income to poverty ratio and high total cholesterol were associated with low HDL-C. Conclusion The prevalence of low HDL-C of was 22.4 %. This was distributed into 32.8% in males and 12.5% in females. The associated risk factors show that lifestyle modification is important in the prevention of low HDL-C and consequently, CVDs.
Hypertension Management in Primary Health Care Centres: Blood Pressure Control and Classes of Antihypertensive Medication, Khartoum State, 2018
Authors:   MRCP Internal Medicine, AlZeim Elazahari University, Khartoum North, Cardiology Fellow, Ahmed Gasim Cardiac Centre, Khartoum, Sudan, Magboul Maha A. G. , Karaig Egbal A. B. A. ,   Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan, Ali Ibtisam A. ,   Ahmed Gasim Cardiac Centre, Khartoum, Sudan
Published: September 2021

Background In Sudan, the delivery of care based on the primary health care (PHC) level, which is the first contact with the health system. PHC is the level at which the modifiable risk factors for hypertension are addressed together with the treatment of known hypertensive patients. Objective To assess the management of hypertension in PHC in Khartoum State, 2018. Material and Methods The study was a descriptive cross-section, health centre’s based that covered six PHC centres in Khartoum State. The study interviewed all diagnosed Sudanese hypertensive patients more than 18-years of age who attended the selected PHC centres. The research team collected data using a structured questionnaire and measuring the blood pressure (BP) with a mercury sphygmomanometer. The study variables were demographic characteristics and disease features as independent variables and hypertension control as the dependent variable. The statistician analyzed the data using the statistical package for the Social Science version 21.0 and the Chi-square (χ) test to obtain the p value to test the association between the addressed variables. The study group adopt ethical considerations throughout the study. Results Of the 384 hypertensive patients interviewed in this study, 57% were females and 47.7% were more than 60-years of age. A large percent of the subjects were either primary educated or illiterate (32.6%, 19.8% respectively). More than half of the hypertensive patients (52.1%) were uncontrolled and 52.9% had no comorbidities. Diabetes was predominant (39.3%) among those who had comorbidities. The majority of the patients (92.7%) were adherent to the medication. Of the studied patients, 58.1% used monotherapy. The most controlled patients were the elderly and middle-aged patients and the highly educated patients (p=0.005). Patients with a duration less than five-years were more likely to be controlled (p=0.036). The majority of the patients who used combined treatment were found to be controlled. Conclusion This study concluded that the high prevalence of uncontrolled hypertensive patients attending PHC was mainly attributed to the use of monotherapy, presence of comorbidities and medication non-adherence. The latter is related to patients’ ignorance, financial constraints and dislike of using many drugs during the day. In addition, the use of combined therapy, elder age and high education were factors for better control.
Assessment of the Reasons for Culling and its Relation to Age at Culling in Dairy Cows in and around Mekelle City, Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors:   Animal Products, Veterinary Drug and Feed Quality Assessment Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Idesa Gutema D. , Aman Sultan ,   Arsi Zone Livestock and Fishery Resource Development Bureau, Oromiya, Ethiopia
Published: September 2021

Background Culling is defined as the departure of cows from the herd because of sale, slaughter, salvage, or death. Culling is an important cost for dairy farms. At the same time, culling is a way to increase herd productivity and profitability, as keeping diseased and unproductive cows might result in lower herd milk production and deteriorated reproduction. In order to maximize profitability, the proportion of voluntary culling (selling for dairy purposes or culling due to low production) should be highest among the total culling rate. Previous studies indicate an ascending trend in the proportion of involuntary culling. This observational study used registry data of all cows from herds with ≥5 cow-years in 2016-2017. Objective This study was conducted to assess the reason for culling a dairy cow and its association with age at culling in and around Mekelle using a structured questioner format and direct observation. Visits were performed to each farm to collect data directly from owners or animal attendants and using direct observation. Materials and Methods The cross-sectional study was conducted in and around Mekelle city dairy farm from November, 2016 to April, 2017. Results The most common causes of culling were disease and economic reasons. The most common causes of voluntary culling were economic reasons (17.39), low milk yield (20.29%), and aging (8.70%). The common causes of involuntary culling were diseases (34.78%), injury (7.25%), and infertility (5.80%). In this study rates of culling increased with parity. The highest rate of culling was in animals between parity 2 and 5, increased from (14.49%) to (21.74%) and slightly decreased from parity 6 to 7, i.e. (13.04)% to (8.70)%, respectively. The highest rates of culling were between 3 and 5-years, (17.39)% and (23.19)%, respectively. Conclusion This study indicated animals were culled at premature age because of involuntary culling, which is economically not feasible, diseases were the most common causes of involuntary culling and voluntary culling was the most type of culling in dairy cattle farms and animals mostly culled for decreased production and economic reasons.
Study on Prevalence of Major Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Sheep in Wayu Tuka and Diga District, Oromia Regional State
Authors:   Mekelle University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mekelle, Ethiopia, Chali Adamu R. , Hunde Fedhiko T. ,   Veterinary Drug and Feed Administration and Control Authority (VDFACA), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Published: September 2021

Aim This study was devised to be conducted to determine the prevalence and identify the major gastrointestinal nematode parasites based on fecal examination. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence and associated factors with ovine gastrointestinal nematode infestation by fecal examination of 384 sheep from Wayu Tuka and Diga district, Eastern Oromia regional state. Results Out of the total 384 sampled sheep, 169 (44.0%) had been infected with gastrointestinal nematode parasite. Haemonchus species were the most frequently (20.8%) recovered nematode eggs followed by Trichostrongylus (13.0%) and Nematodirus (10.2%). There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in prevalence between age groups and sex. Sheep with poor body condition had a significantly higher prevalence of gastrointestinal nematode parasite (p<0.05) than those sheep in moderate or good body condition. There was no significant association between the gastrointestinal nematode infection in animals of different ages and sex groups. Conclusion The study shows that the gastrointestinal nematode parasite was a major important health problem and impact on the production of sheep in the study area. Therefore, a detailed study should be conducted to identify the parasite at the species level and special consideration should be taken on the management of sheep in poor body condition to reduce the burden of gastrointestinal nematodes.
Hepatic Diseases in Canine and Feline: A Review
Authors:   Department of Animal Health, Awi Zone Livestock Office, Amhara Region, Ethiopia, Negasee Kassahun A.
Published: September 2021

Dogs and cats are belonging to canine and feline family respectively. The liver is the largest gland in the body and is located in the cranial abdomen between 3rd and 4th ribs in dogs and cats. This review is mainly focused on: to understand the anatomy and physiology of liver, the liver diseases pathophysiology, to diagnose the liver diseases, managemental and ameliorative methods of liver diseases. The dual blood supply to the liver is hepatic artery and portal vein. The function of liver includes the regulation of digestion and metabolism, the synthesis of hormones and proteins, immune response and filtering of toxins from the blood stream. Any problem that affects the liver is liver disease. Inflammation of liver is hepatitis. Hepatitis caused by infectious, non-infectious, auto-immune and reactive. It can be acute and chronic. The most encountered liver diseases in dogs and cats are hepticlipidosis, cholangiohepatitis, portosystemicshunt, cholelithiasis, choledocholithiasis, cholecystitis, pneumobilia and hepatic neoplsia. The clinical symptoms of liver diseases include jaundice, hepatic encephalopathy, gastro intestinal disorders and nonspecific signs include polyuria/polydipisia. The liver disease diagnosed based on history, liver function tests, medical imaging. The latest imaging procedures are endoscopic retrograde cholagio pancreatography (ERCP) and computed tomography (CT). For confirmatory diagnosis liver biopsy and histopathological interpretation is required. Therefore, based on diagnosis appropriate treatment should be selected: bile stasis is treated urodeoxycholic acid (URDA), fluid therapy include sugar and salt solution for replacement fluid loss, gastrointestinal protectors include ranitidine, cimitidine and lactulose, albumin to treat hypoalbuminimia, antioxidant for scavenging free radicals include vitamin E, Selenium, S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe), diuretic fursimid for treatment of ascites and supplementation low protein diets. This laparoscopic technique for removal of gallstones and endoscopic retrograde cholagiopancreatography (ERCP) to treat gall stones on bile ducts and to widen the slipped ducts and liver transplantation for cirrhotic dogs and cats. Early accurate diagnosis and managing any predisposing factors that affects the health of dogs and cats are important for controlling the liver diseases.
Improving the environmental and economic aspects of blasting in surface mining by using stemming plugs
Authors: Rehman A. Ur , Emad M.Z. , Khan M.U.
Published: September 2021

The use of stemming plugs in surface blasting is gaining popularity because of the environmental, technical, and economic advantages. Although previous studies have established the operational effectiveness of different types of stemming plugs, evaluations of the economic and ergonomic impacts are lacking, thereby hindering their application in many mining operations. Consequently, a significant proportion of mining operations end up performing less efficient blasts. We evaluated the effectiveness of three types of stemming plugs by conducting multiple full-scale production blasts. The results show that stemming plugs reduce the need for secondary blasting and increase blast performance. An economic analysis showed that the incorporation of stemming plugs can reduce blasting costs significantly.
Exome ICE sequencing Methods_The Broad Institute v1
Authors: Institute, Genomics Platform Broad
Published: September 2021

Here we describe the Exome ICE Method followed by The Broad Genomics Platform for sequencing genomic DNA from human biospecimens for the Human Atlas Pilot Project (HTAPP). During the years, modifications were introduced to the method resulting in slightly different versions employed. Below we provide the description of the three different versions used on HTAPP samples (from newer to older) highlighting their differences in bold lettering.
Estimate of fractal dimension of rat tissues submitted to experimental protocols v1
Authors: Cao PhD Gabriel
Published: September 2021

Those who are dedicated to the analysis of structural changes in tissues have tried, over time, to seek increasingly "more rigorous" methods to be able to detach themselves from the merely observational and subjective. That is, leaving aside the semi-quantitative scores based on scores that are given to the lesion in a tissue according to its degree of severity. The argument is that the final injury score will depend more on the subjectivity and experience of the observer. With the advent of digital images and programs for their analysis, the application of numerical methods for estimating changes in tissues was greatly facilitated. With them we do not completely suppress the observational, but, to a large extent and if we are rigorous, we can significantly reduce its influence. Thus, in two-dimensional images, we can make direct measurements such as the diameter and length of a gland, its surface, etc., always in previously calibrated systems. We can also estimate the dimensions of structures that are part of a tissue and the spatial relationships between them based on a two-dimensional image. In this case we will use stereology, which uses simple mathematical formulas, but is very time consuming for analysis. Now, structuralists have realized that the normal components of a tissue or a cell maintain certain spatial relationships and proportionality to each other, which also defines their shapes and textures (complexity), constituting the characteristic histological images of a kidney, liver, uterus, etc. Both the pathology and the functional adaptations alter these normal relationships, which wanted to be estimated through the application of the fractal dimension. The justification is that, when faced with a certain insult or stimulus, the tissue or organ responds “in toto”, not one part yes and another no. The single measurement of diameters, surfaces, etc., while complementary, was always thought to be incomplete because we were missing those changes in the relationships between tissue components or from one cell to another, which provide important additional information.
documentação de saberes aplicados biodiversidade e a Biblioteca Digital do Cerrado (BDC)
Authors: Duarte Tavares Maria de Fátima
Published: September 2021

O acesso  s informações sobre a biodiversidade brasileira tem sido intensificado nos últimos anos por ações públicas que têm promovido a informatização de acervos cientí­ficos, pela integração de bancos de dados de diversas instituições do paí­s em sistemas internacionais e pela maior disponibilização de conhecimento produzido nas instituições brasileiras a partir da agregação de conteúdo cientí­fico em repositórios digitais. Este estudo de caso enfoca a análise da visibilidade e visualidade do Cerrado neste quadro informacional emergente em paralelo   proposição da Biblioteca Digital do Cerrado (BDC), em DSpace. A BDC, como instrumento local de gestão da informação ambiental, visa a valorização, sistematização e acesso facilitado a conteúdos documentais digitais. Esse serviço prioriza o desenvolvimento de coleções de registros visuais, decorrentes das atividades de pesquisa e monitoramento de áreas protegidas. A relação entre a visibilidade do Cerrado e a visualidade em infraestruturas de informação voltadas para o conteúdo cientí­fico é historicamente considerada nos quadros temporais que determinam a ocupação do bioma.
Natural and anthropogenic biogeochemical province of the biosphere over Cherepovets
Authors: Artemenkov Alexey A.
Published: September 2021

AIM: This study aimed to summarize information on the formation of the natural and anthropogenic biogeochemical province of the biosphere over Cherepovets, develop biogeochemical standardization, and prevent environmentally conditioned human diseases.
The migration of biogenic elements through food chains is analyzed. A significant flow of toxic elements entering the natural environment in the course of human industrial activity leads to the formation of anthropogenic biogeochemical provinces. In these geochemical zones and landscapes, the natural endemic environment interacts with chemical elements. As a result, biogeochemical cycles are altered, and vital elements are replaced with toxic metals. With these changes, intracellular biochemical reactions are disrupted. In this study, information on Cherepovets biogeochemical province formed in the 1960s was examined in the presence of intense industrialization. Data on high concentrations of heavy metals in the soil horizons of the given province were examined. Toxic elements actively accumulated in plants growing in the Cherepovets territory and vegetables growing in household plots within the city and the nearest 10 km zone. Metals accumulated in soil, different components of land ecosystems, and organs and tissues of carnivores.
CONCLUSION: A high load in the Cherepovets biogeochemical province poses certain risks to the health of the population and causes the development of endemic diseases, microelementoses, and exogenous toxicoses in humans.
Experimental study on an alternative to suturing the laparotomy wound with a mesh thread
Authors: Fedoseev Andrey V. , Cherdantseva Tatiyana M. , Inyutin Alexander S. , Glukhovets Iliya B. , Lebedev Sergey N. , Muraviev Sergey Yu.
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: Incisional ventral hernias (IVH) in abdominal surgery remain relevant because the frequency of their formation after laparotomy reaches 10%30.7%.
AIM: This study aimed to develop a method for the primary closure of a laparotomy wound via mesh endoprosthesis, which is superior to laparorrhaphy with traditional suture materials in terms of morphophysical properties.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Laparorrhaphy with a mesh thread was developed (Patent for invention RUS No 2714439 02/14/2020) as an alternative to preventive prosthetics with narrow indications to avoid herniation. An experimental work was conducted to investigate the wound process in the suture area on days 14 and 60 and determine the effectiveness and safety of the proposed method.
RESULTS: Video laparoscopy data showed that no cases of adhesions were observed between the internal organs and the area of laparorrhaphy on days 14 and 60 of the postoperative period. Defects in the area of the application of sutures on the aponeurosis of the white line were absent. In the wound, the mesh thread fully integrated into the regenerating tissue, including at the site of the knot. The tissue also grew through the meshed cells. On day 14, the strength of the regenerating tissue with the sutured mesh thread was greater than that sutured without it (11.198 1.499, p 0.01). This finding was confirmed by the larger area of granulations and fibrosis in cases of mesh suture than that of the checkerwise-reinforcing suture, suture with a mesh thread, and suture with a strip of mesh endoprosthesis. Another peculiarity of the connective tissue newly formed in the area of the mesh endoprosthesis in the form of the mesh thread was that collagen fibrils were arranged concentrically. By contrast, the mesh strip had collagen fibrils arranged in a longitudinal orientation parallel to the endoprosthesis. On day 60 of the experiment, all the series showed signs of maturation of the connective tissue in the form of the predomination of fibrils in cellular elements and their compaction. The area of fibrosis and granulations still prevailed in cases of the mesh suture, where neocollagenogenesis in the cells of the endoprosthesis was more pronounced than that after the application of a reinforcing suture, a mesh thread, and a strip of mesh endoprosthesis.
CONCLUSION: The absence of wound complications and negative impact on the surrounding tissues indicated the safety of using the mesh suture. The strengthened characteristics associated with the peculiarities of the wound process showed that the mesh suture was effective in preventing the occurrence of postoperative hernia. Therefore, this method could be used in clinical practice.
Experimental study on the proliferating activity and differentiation of renal stem cells in superinvasive opisthorchiasis
Authors: Uruzbaev Rinat M. , Bychkov Vitaly G. , Vikhareva Larisa V. , Molokova Olga A.
Published: September 2021

AIM: This study aimed to identify the replication potential of the kidneys in different forms of opisthorchiasis in laboratory animals.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: An experiment was conducted on 60 Syrian male hamsters. The first group was set as the control (n = 10), the second group (n = 25) was infected with metacercariae (Opisthorchis felineus), and the third group (n = 25) was a model of a superinvasive form of opisthorchiasis infection with 50 O. felineus larvae and repeated infection with 50 metacercariae in 14 and 25 days. The hamsters were withdrawn from the experiment on days 7, 15, and 30 via an overdose of narcosis and decapitation. The kidneys were isolated and histologically examined through histochemical and immunohistochemical staining methods. Microscopy was conducted, and results were statistically analyzed.
RESULTS: The quantitative characteristics, proliferation tendencies, and differentiation of regional stem cells were identified. In the cortical and medullary substance of the kidneys, CD117, Oct4, and CD34 markers were expressed, and CD31-positive stem cells further differentiated to progenitor cells. Epithelial structures developed in the form of tubules. In the glomeruli, vasculogenesis occurred, and the number of vascular loops increased.
CONCLUSION: O. felineus secretome initiated the activation of stem cells in the renal tubules and pericytes of a microcirculatory network. The transitional epithelium of the renal pelvis and the initial parts of the ureter proliferated. Under the action of the secretome of parasites, stem cells proliferated directly in glomerular loops.
Clinical effectiveness of bioflavonoids in the treatment of secondary lower limb lymphedema
Authors: Kalinin Roman E. , Suchkov Igor A. , Maksaev Denis A.
Published: September 2021

AIM: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the application of a combination of the preparation of micronized purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF) and elastic compression in patients with acquired lymphostasis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty patients with stage II secondary lower limb lymphedema according to М. Foeldi were included. The patients were divided into two groups through randomization with the envelope method. The first group (n = 30) was subjected to a conservative treatment (MPFF, 1000 mg/day) coupled with elastic compression (3rd class compression stockings). The second group was given compressive therapy (third-class compression stockings). The patients were physically examined through the measurement of the circumference of the limb at different levels.
RESULTS: In the first group, the circumference of the lower third of the shin decreased by 8.15% (p = 0.005) after 1 month and by the end of treatment by 10.6% (p 0.001), of the middle third of shin by 3.15% (p = 0.001) and 4.78% (p 0.001), and of the upper thirdby 4.08% (p 0.001) and 5.99% (p 0.001). By the end of the observation period (3 months), the circumference of the lower third of the shin in the second group (29.68 4.67 cm) was significantly greater than that in the first group (26.65 2.92 cm, p = 0.035). No adverse reactions were observed in the MPFF group.
CONCLUSIONS: The volume of the lower limbs of patients with acquired lymphedema decreased after using a combination of MPFF and elastic compression to a larger extent than after the isolated use of elastic compression. Patients taking MPFF had a positive clinical effect without adverse reactions. Therefore, MPFF could be used in the pharmacotherapy of secondary lymphedema of the lower limbs.
Practical issues related to content validity when using automated test assembly for optimal item selection for a medical specialty examination
Authors:   , Butler Aggie M. , McEachron Donald L.
Published: September 2021

Current developments in educational testing foster a renewed emphasis on evaluating the design of tests and the quality of test content. Empirical methods are designed to gather data about the items used for automated test assembly and their related tasks that define the content domain for a medical specialty examination and to evaluate the ways in which the test matches its content and cognitive specifications. A fundamental purpose of the analysis is to identify attributes for items that are selected by content experts for an examination and to assess any latent characteristics associated with the item selection or the content areas in an examination. The attributes and characteristics provide descriptive information for each item, for each content area, and for the assessment as a whole. These analyses provide applications for automated test assembly that can be used in classifying items and item attributes for optimal item selection for parallel forms. Every aspect of content for a medical examination may not be amenable to multiple-choice testing, and the question of whether or not multiple-choice assessment tools might be suitable is an empirical question that also will be reviewed. Multiple-choice item development that focuses directly on analytical, logical, or critical thinking skills will be addressed. Analysis of the relationship of test scores to a variable external to the examination will provide a source of validity evidence.
Pengembangan Buku Cerita Rakyat Berbahasa Jawa untuk Siswa SD Kelas IV Berkultur Madura
Authors: Kodir Nuril Hidayatul , Arafik Muh , Taufiq Achmad
Published: September 2021

Abstract: The purpose of this research and development produce book Javanese folklore for student with Madura culture, the criteria is valid and practical according to (1) specialist subject matter, (2) spesialist product, (3) specialist learning and (4) small group product trials and (5) large group trials. The model used is an adaptation of Sugiyono,s research and development. Validation subject matter done with a lecturer literatur Indonesia, validation product design done with lecturer KSDP and lecturer TEP, validation specialist learning done with a IV grade teacher SD Negeri Kotalama 1 Malang. Small group product trials done with 12 students, and large group trials done with 25 IV grade students SD Negeri Kotalama 1 Malang. Overall average validation results are 94,55 percent, small group product trials result 99,16 percent and large group trials result 98,4 percent. Based on that research and development book Javanese folklore for students with Madura culture which is considered very valid and very practical.

Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian dan pengembangan ini adalah menghasilkan media buku cerita rakyat Madura berbahasa jawa yang valid dan praktis menurut (1) ahli materi, (2) ahli media, (3) ahli pembelajaran, (4) uji coba kelompok kecil, dan (5) uji coba kelompok besar. Model yang digunakan merupakan adaptasi dari model penelitian dan pengembangan sugiyono. Validasi materi dilakukan oleh 1 orang dosen sastra Indonesia, validasi media dilakukan oleh 1 orang dosen KSDP dan 1 orang dosen TEP, serta validasi pembelajaran dilakukan oleh guru kelas IV SD Negeri Kotalama 1 Malang. Uji coba kelompok kecil dilakukan pada 12 siswa dan uji coba kelompok besar dilakukan pada 25 siswa kelas IV SD Negeri Kotalama 1 Malang. Keseluruhan rata-rata hasil uji validasi dengan persentase sebesar 94,55 persen, hasil uji coba kelompok kecil dengan persentase 99,16 persen dan uji kelompok besar dengan persentase 98,4 persen. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka media buku cerita rakyat Madura berbahasa jawa yang dikembangkan termasuk kriteria sangat valid dan sangat praktis.
Pengaruh Kecerdasan Emosional terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa Kelas IV SD Selama Pembelajaran Daring
Authors: Maghfiroh Wasiul , Mahanani Putri , Nihayati Nihayati
Published: September 2021

Abstract: This research was conducted with the aim of knowing whether there is a positive and significant effect of emotional intelligence on the learning achievement of fourth grade elementary school students in cluster 4 of Blimbing sub-district during online learning. This research uses a quantitative approach, with an associative type. Based on the results of simple linear regression analysis, the equation Y is 51.912 + 0.364X is obtained, it can be seen that the consistent value of variable Y is 51.912, while the regression coefficient for variable X is 1.339. The regression coefficient X is positive, so it can be said that the effect of variable X on variable Y has a positive direction of influence. Based on the probability value obtained, which is 0.000 less than 0.05, it shows that variable X has an effect on variable Y. At the t value, it is known that tcount 4.815 greater than ttable 1.657, which means that the regression coefficient is significant. That way, it can be concluded that there is a positive and significant effect of emotional intelligence on the learning achievement of fourth grade elementary school students in cluster 4 of Blimbing sub-district during online learning.

Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh positif dan signifikan kecerdasan emosional terhadap prestasi belajar siswa kelas IV SD se-gugus 4 kecamatan Blimbing selama pembelajaran daring. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, dengan jenis asosiatif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi linear sederhana, diperoleh persamaan Y sama dengan 51,912 + 0,364X, dapat diketahui nilai konsisten variabel Y sebesar 51,912, sedangkan koefisien regresi variabel X sebesar 1,339. Koefisien regresi X bernilai positif, sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa pengaruh dari variabel X terhadap variabel Y memiliki arah pengaruh yang positif. Berdasarkan nilai probabilitas yang didapatkan yakni 0,000 kurang dari 0,05, menunjukkan bahwa variabel X berpengaruh terhadap variabel Y. Pada nilai t, diketahui thitung 4,815 lebih dari ttabel 1,657, yang berarti koefisien regresi dinyatakan signifikan. Dengan begitu, dapat diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa ada pengaruh positif dan signifikan kecerdasan emosional terhadap prestasi belajar siswa kelas IV SD se-gugus 4 kecamatan Blimbing selama pembelajaran daring.
Keefektifan Media Video terhadap Minat dan Hasil Belajar Matematika Kelas III SD
Authors: Cholida Diah Meyta Nur , Roebyanto Goenawan , Ahdhianto Erif
Published: September 2021

Abstract: This study aims to find out about the effectiveness of video media on the interests and results of learning mathematics. This research was only conducted in grade III A of SDN Bumiayu 2. There are two variables studied, namely students' interest and learning outcomes in mathematics subjects. This study uses a type of Pre-Experimental research using One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. A sample of 27 students was designated as experimental classes. The results of the study showed that there are differences before being treated and after being treated in the form of learning video media. This is seen by the Paired Sample T Test with a significance value of 0.000 less than 0.05. In the test of effectiveness by using the test N-Gain Score on learning interests is 0.683, while in the study results are worth 0.42. From the data, there is an effectiveness and video media to the interests and learning outcomes of grade III students at SDN Bumiayu 2 in the moderate category.

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mengenai keefektifan media video terhadap minat dan hasil belajar matematika. Penelitian ini hanya dilakukan di kelas III A SDN Bumiayu 2. Terdapat dua variabel yang diteliti yaitu minat dan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran matematika. penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian Pre-Experimental dengan menggunakan One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 27 siswa yang ditetapkan sebagai kelas eksperimen. Pada hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan sebelum diberi perlakuan dan sesudah diberi perlakuan berupa media video pembelajaran. Hal ini dilihat dengan uji Paired Sample T Test dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000 kurang dari 0,05. Pada uji keefektifan dengan menggunakan uji N-Gain Score pada minat belajar yakni 0,683, sedangkan pada hasil belajar bernilai 0,42. Dari data tersebut maka terdapat keefektifan media video terhadap minat dan hasil belajar siswa kelas III SDN Bumiayu 2 dalam kategori sedang.