bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Analyse the Embedding Mechanism of Nanoparticles into Porous Materials under Ultrasonic Action
Authors: Chen Shao Juan , Ma Jian Wei , Sun Yong Jun , Li Chao
Published: September 2011

In this article, two-phase liquid of water and particulates was chosen as medium, and fabric porous material was token as research object. It was proved that ultrasonic would change pore walls of porous materials into the shape of traveling transversal waves. In according to the transmission theory of peristaltic pumping, the flux through those pores would be increased by the deformation. In this article, pores model with alternative varying cross section were built. The analysis was carried out using a perturbation method to get the exact solutions and make an approximate analysis. Finally, the whole calculation process was simulated using the Matlab. It is proved that, although the peristaltic flow induced by traveling waves is very small, but it can not be neglected, because it has the same magnitude of order as the Poiseuille flow. The mechanism of nano materials has nicer embedding effect under ultrasonic was found in this article. Meanwhile, the effect of factors on the peristaltic flow caused by ultrasonic was analyzed. Ultrasonic has been widely used in chemistry, dyeing, finishing and cleaning industries because of its obvious advantages in particle treatment such as dispersion and agglomeration effects etc [1-3]. During recent years, treatment of nano-materials using ultrasonic has been a research hot and many research findings have been achieved in this field[4-6]. Meanwhile, the applications of nano-materials have received considerable attention on textile finishing and some valuable functional textiles such as anti-bacterial and anti-ultraviolet products etc [7]. Fundamental researches have been carried out on the effects of ultrasonic on fine particles [8-11], the results showed that the dispersion effect on fine particles mainly came from cavitation effect closely related to the ultrasonic frequency, power and viscidity of dispersions. Nano-particles were fully dispersed in water and embedded into porous material under ultrasonic action, then we got textiles of practical value, such as nanometer anti-bacteria cotton fabric, photo-catalysts textile etc., which were proved had good antibacterial property and durability[11-12]
Myristic Acid/Montmorillonite Composite as Shape Stabilized Phase Change Material for Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Li Zhong , Yu Shao Ming , Tan De Xin , Yao Tong He
Published: September 2011

A new type of shape stabilized phase change material (PCM) with good heat storage was produced by intercalating myristic acid (MA) with modifid montmorillonite (MMT). The structure, thermal properties of the composite PCM were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis technique. In the XRD analysis, expansions of the d spacings in the (001) plane were observed in all samples, indicating that the intercalation of MA in the interlayers of MMT was successfully achieved. The results of DSC indicated that the shape stabilized PCM displayed a high heat capacity (133.6 J.g-1)
Study on the Dyeing of Silk Fabrics with Natural Dyestuff Copits
Authors: Dong Feng Chun , Liu Qing Qing , Jia Yong Tang
Published: September 2011

In this paper, silk fabrics were dyed with natural dyestuff copits. The effects of dyeing PH value, temperature, time, and dye solution concentration on the K/S values were studied. The ultrasonic dyeing was compared with conventional dyeing. The results showed that the optimal conventional dyeing process were dyeing PH value neutral, temperature 100°C, time 40min, the relative dyeing solution concentration 3%, and the optimal ultrasonic dyeing process were dyeing PH value neutral, dyeing temperature 40°C, time 40min, the relative dyeing solution concentration 3%. Ultrasonic dyeing process greatly improved the dye uptake and made obvious effects on energy saving.
Research on the Process Optimization of High-Count Semi-Worsted Cashmere Yarn
Authors: Huang Li Xin , Li Guo Feng , Wang Hua E
Published: September 2011

semi-worsted; worsted and woolen spinning; high count; cashmere yarn; cotton & woolen equipment.
Magnitude of Intrinsic Electrocaloric Effect in PbTiO3 at High Electric Fields
Authors: Wu Xiao Juan , Li Guo De
Published: September 2011

Based on Landau-Devonshire theory, the electrothermal properties of PbTiO3bulk and film are computed near the temperatures of their phase transitions. A first-order ferroelectric to paraelectric phase transition is present in PbTiO3bulk. The coercive electric field at 700 K is about 25 MV m-1. High applied electric fields drive the transition to higher temperatures and theP−Tcurves to be continuous. For PbTiO3 film, the second-order phase transition reduces the excess entropy, and thereby the isothermal entropy change. With increasing electric field, the excess specific heat capacity becomes small, despite higher transition temperatures. The change of in-plane tensile misfit stress lowers the transition temperature. Besides, the adiabatic temperature change and the refrigerant capacity of PbTiO3bulk are 4.76 K and 94.1 kJ m-3, respectively.
Growth and Absorption Spectrum of Tm,Ho:BaY2F8 Crystal
Authors: Zeng Fan Ming , Zou Guang Tian , Liu Jing He
Published: September 2011

The Tm,Ho:BaY2F8 single crystal was successfully grown by the Cz method. The optimal technical parameters obtained are as follows: the pulling rate is 0.5—0.6mm/h; the rotation speed is 5—7rpm; the cooling rate is 10°C/h. The result of XRD curve shows that as-grown Tm,Ho:BaY2F8 laser crystal belongs to the monoclynicsystem and space group I41/a, the cell parameters calculated are: a = 0.69829 nm, b = 1.0519 nm, c = 0.42644 nm, β=99.676°, Z=2. Absorption spectra of Tm,Ho:BaY2F8 laser crystal at room temperature were measured and analysed, the absorption cross-section at 781nm calculated are 7.66×10-21cm-2.
Influence of Synthesis Technics and Additives on Cerium Ion Compound Valence
Authors: Mei Yan , Xia Chuan , Chen Xiao Li , Nie Zuo Ren
Published: September 2011

In the system of Ce(NO3)3·6H2O and urea solution during homogeneous precipitation method, hydrothermal homogeneous precipitation coupling method and homogeneous precipitation method with additive, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to study and characterize the product structures and morphologies. The outer electron configurations and the energy conservation theory were used to analyze the reasons for stability of products and valence state change of cerium ions. The results showed that synthesis technics and additives had a great effect on the cerium ion compound valence. The products were orthorhombic Ce2O(CO3)2·H2O with Valence Ш and orthorhombic CeO(CO3)2·H2O with valence Ⅵ by using homogeneous precipitation method and hydrothermal homogeneous precipitation coupling method, respectively. If an additive (triethanolamine or triethylamine) was added into the homogeneous precipitation system, the products changed into a mixture of orthorhombic CeO(CO3)2·H2O with Valence Ⅵ and cubic CeO2 with valence Ⅳ. It showed that triethanolamine or triethylamine had strong oxidizing properties and played a catalyst role in the reaction.
First-Principles Study on Electronic and Thermal Properties of Zinc-Blende Metal Telluride
Authors: Chen Dong , Peng Feng
Published: September 2011

The equilibrium crystal structure, band structure, density of states, bulk modulus and its first pressure derivate of CdTe are systemically calculated by first-principles plane-wave pseudo-potential method, and then compared with experimental results. Applying the vibrational Debye-like model, complete sets of isochoric heat capacities can be obtained up to 1000K at pressure or not. With the temperature increasing from 0 to 1000K, a sharp increase in the heat capacity is observed. Moreover, the dependences between cell volume and pressure are also successfully obtained. Our calculated results are in agreement with available results.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Fluorene-Based Poly(Imino Ketone)s
Authors: Zhang Lin , Chang Guan Jun , Miao Lu Bin , Lin Run Xiong
Published: September 2011

Fluorene-based poly(imino ketone)s (PIKF) were designed and synthesized by reacting 1,4-Bis-(4-bromobenzoyl)-benzene and 9,9-bis(3-R-4-aminophenyl)fluorine (R: H, CH3 or F). The structures of the resulting polymers were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The thermo and optical properties of PIKF were evaluated. Good solubility of PIKF in ordinary organic solvents such as THF and chloroform was confirmed. PIKF were amorphous at room temperature. No phase transition except for Tg was confirmed in the DSC analysis. PIKF displayed a high glass transition temperature (Tg > 215 °C) in comparison with commercially available poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK Tg = 169 °C). The UV-vis absorption spectrum of polymers exhibited two absorption peaks around 271 nm and 369 nm; The fluorescence spectrum of the PIKF-1, 2 and PIKF-3 showed a maximum emission wavelength at 502 nm and 491 nm, respectively. These optical properties were probably related to the cardo structure of the fluorene moiety placed on the main chain.
A Simulation of Half-Closed Extrusion Process for Steering Knuckle
Authors: Tong Ying
Published: September 2011

According to the shape character of some one steering knuckle the metal flowing and the defects of current process was analyzed and summarized. One upsetting step was arranged, then the current pre-forming process was modified to be half-closed extrusion process. As a scheme of different upsetting heights was designed, the simulations to pursue the influence of upsetting on half-closed extrusion got performed. A successful trial-production validated the process step in design and simulations performed.
Experimental Research on Products Preparation by Hongquan Bentonite from Gansu
Authors: Zhang You Xian , Liu Hai Tao , Hou Ya Bin
Published: September 2011

We selecte two bentonite products: activated clay and organo-bentonite, and introduce the related content of them like industrial applications, technology and raw materials of producting at the same time. After that, we choose the preparation processes of activated clay and organo-bentonite. Choose conditions of the prepared samples, arranging test methods by orthogonal test program, and preparing of the activated clay and organo-bentonite samples in accordance with the different test conditions. Finally, we draw this conclusion according to the test analysis and demonstration results. We propose the recommendations of the development of activated clay and organo-bentonite by Hongquan bentonite, pointing out that the shortcomings of this study and proposing pilot study of future.
Research on Fiber Shotcrete for Underground Engineering
Authors: Huang Min , Pan Bing Yu
Published: September 2011

The fiber material generally has higher tensile strength and toughness, which make up for the lack of tensile strength of concrete and the defects of drying shrinkage easily. Fiber reinforced shotcrete has many engineering advantages such as the crack resistance, impermeability, corrosion resistance (except for steel fiber addition), anti-fatigue performance, wear resistance, impact resistance, toughness and so on. In the construction of tunnels and other underground tunnel, the fiber shotcrete has been more widely used. Fiber materials currently include steel fibers and polypropylene fibers, each with its advantages and adaptability. The mechanism and characteristics of fiber reinforced shotcrete are described to provide an important basis for design and construction of sprayed concrete for underground engineering.
Utilization of Lightweight Aggregate from Expanded Obsidian for Advanced Thermal Insulating Plasters Production
Authors: Zach Jiri , Hela Rudolf , Peterková Jitka , Sedlmajer Martin
Published: September 2011

The thermal insulating of new and existing buildings is of a key influence in reduction of their energetic demand factor resulting in reduction of emissions of gases, carbon particles and dust which directly improves the environment. At development of light thermal insulation plasters with very low thermal conductivity the foam-plastic matters or light porous aggregates are frequently used at present. The foam-plastic materials do not appear as convenient ones in view of the environment and sustainable development as well. In the given case the thermal insulation plasters based on light cellular aggregates appear as more suitable. However a majority of light aggregates (for example expanded perlite) do not show a good ratio of insulation and mechanical properties. The paper describes a design and development of thermal insulation plasters based on expanded obsidian that can be used for thermal insulating of building constructions and for moisture sanitation. Considering the applied type of aggregates the materials show better ratio of thermal insulation and mechanical properties while in practice the plasters can be used as a full- value alternative for classical thermal insulation systems.
Method Study on Generation-Dissipation of Seismic Pore Water Pressure in Saturated Sands
Authors: Shi Ping An
Published: September 2011

With considering the effect of the initial pore water pressure and the variety of seismic pore water pressure generation, a two-dimensional inhomogeneous compound diffusion equation for describing generation and dissipation of seismic pore water pressure are given by coupling the Terzaghi’s consolidation theory and the increasing mode of seismic pore water pressure in saturated sands. The analytical expression of the diffusion equation is obtained by using the method of the generalized Green function and the finite Fourier transformation.
Study on Inorganic Cohesive Glue
Authors: Li Zeng , Guo Xiang Yong , Wu Ding Yan , Zhang Yan Hua
Published: September 2011

In concrete construction, it is usual to encounter integrating problems between old and new concrete interfaces, such as disease concrete’s repairing and anchoring, concrete blocking construction and etc. Due to low cohesion strength between old and new concrete interfaces, weak interface is formed, then old and new concrete cannot construct as an integrate whole which tends to be damaged along the interfaces after being loaded and results in hidden danger. Regarding of this situation, the paper optimizes the mix on the base of mixes tests on inorganic cohesion material used between old and new concrete interfaces. When the material is used to old and new mortar interfaces and old and new concrete interfaces, cohesion tensile strength in interfaces equates or is higher than that of mortar itself and concrete itself; In the mean time, through permeability test the impermeability in the interface equates that of concrete itself, eliminating weak interfaces between old and new concrete. Physical property tests show that the material’s mechanical property is better than that of concrete, deformation property is close to concrete’s, especially linear expansion (temperature deformation) coefficient is basically consistent with that of concrete, avoiding peel-off damage after repeated internal forces due to too much difference between linear expansion coefficients when organic cohesion material is used. By analysis of hydraulic productions in interfaces and micro structure, the mechanism of inorganic cohesion glue is illuminated. It results in satisfying cohesive effect when optimized inorganic cohesion material is applied to high-strength concrete repair and RCC interfaces.
The Sucrose-Natural Gypsum Makes the Compound Retarder to the Cement and the Concretes Performance Influence Experimental Study
Authors: Wang Ru Qin
Published: September 2011

By the experimental research to the effect sucrose-natural gypsum as composite retarder on the performance of cement and concrete. This paper analyzes and summarizes the fact that the influence of this kind of composite retarder is more obvious than the slow setting effect of a single sugar or plaster. And the retardation of cement and concrete the mixing time is basically the amount of sugar a positive correlation. And on the other hand, it will not influence other physical properties.
Fabrication of Fuel Cells with High Power Density Using Micro Electrical Discharge Machining Milling
Authors: Chang Dyi Huey , Hung Jung Chung
Published: September 2011

Light and thin bipolar plates are essential in increasing the power density of a fuel cell. To construct high-aspect-ratio micro flow channels in such plates is, however, a big challenge. This study reports on machining micro flow channels in metallic bipolar plates using micro electrical discharge machining milling (micro EDMM) with a tungsten carbide electrode. We successfully machined metallic bipolar plates with 500μm channel and rib widths, height of 600μm in a reaction area of 20mm × 20mm, on 1mm thick of SUS316L stainless steel. The optimal operating parameters were explored and discussed. The performance of resulting fuel cell (Metallic-FC) was compared with a commercial available fuel cell composed of graphite bipolar plates (Graphite-FC). The high temperature of Metallic-FC increases its electrochemical reaction rate and consequently yields higher power density (723 mWcm-2) then that of Graphite-FC (687.3 mWcm-2)
Research on Slaked Magnesium Slag as a Raw Material and Blend for Portland Cement
Authors: Cai Ji Wei , Gao Guang Liang , Bai Rui Ying , Lu Feng , Li Ling
Published: September 2011

The magnesium slag is discarded from production of magnesium metal from dolomite. However the magnesium slag is slaked in some factories by means of sprinkling water to prevent from dust pollution. The possibility of slaked magnesium slag (SMS) to play a role of raw material and blend for portland cement was investigated by experiments of raw mix preparation, clinker calcining and property determination of cement pastes and mortars. The results revealed that SMS was still reactive. The raw mix with SMS was of excellent burnability that would contribute to energy saving. As a raw material, SMS can be used for calcining clinker of good quality; and as a blend it is suitable for production of ordinary portland cements. Because the magnesium slag is slaked, SMS has no problem on soundness. Higher strength of cement can be obtained in form of binary blends consisting of SMS and ground granulated blast-furnace slag or fly ash.
Effect of Electrical Characteristics Modification on Viscosity of Kaolin Suspension
Authors: Zhao Li Hong , Hu Jian Rong , He Bei Hai
Published: September 2011

Modifications of the interfacial electrical characteristics of kaolin were investigated through reversing particles surface charges induced by organic cationic polyelectrolyte and natural anionic organic substance. Zeta potential and rheology tests indicated that polymeric OH-Al reversed the edge charges and reached a saturation adsorption on kaolin surface at dosage of 45μmol/g, corresponding to a lower viscosity of kaolin suspension, as a result of the combined action of OH-Al modified positive particle surface and negative charges from sodium hexametaphosphate dispersant. A significant reduction in viscosity of kaolin modified by gallic acid was also observed in either dilute or concentrated suspension. The strong interaction of OH-Al ions with clay greatly increased the gallic acid adsorption, and resulted in the lowest viscosity for modified kaolin, indicating the bound of gallic acid to the reactive surface sites induced by OH-Al. It can be concluded in this experiments that the highly charged organic coating play a role in the dispersion of kaolin particles.
Study on Operation and Control of Large Multi-Chiller System
Authors: Lu Yan Yue , Liao An Ping
Published: September 2011

In semiconductor factories and electronics factories, a large multi-chiller system is needed to satisfy strict cooling load requirements. In order to save energy, it is worthwhile to design the chilled water system operation. In this paper, a design methodology is developed for multi-chiller system in which chiller units consist of different cooling capacities chiller that run in parallel. The optimal design problem can be expressed as a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) which minimizes the system energy consumption within a future time period. In order to solve this complex problem, the two-stage strategy is employed to divide the problem into a scheduling stage and an operating stage. Instead of a lag scheme obtained with general method, this forecasting scheme consists of a series of optimal scheme at each sub-time period and can offer operating reference for operator. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated by an industrial case
The Development of UMo/Al Dispersion Fuel
Authors: Liu Xiao , Qian Da Zhi , Lu Tie Cheng
Published: September 2011

UMo/Al dispersion fuel is one of the prospective materials as a high uranium density fuel for high performance research reactors due to its excellent stability during irradiation. In this paper, An overview is provided of current development activities of UMo/Al dispersion fuel at abroad and home, including: the development reasons, this fuel fabrication technology, and the irradiation test. A comprehensive summary is given on the irradiation test, the existing problems and the solution recently obtained by the different countries. Early irradiation experiments with uranium alloys showed promise of acceptable irradiation behavior if these alloys could be maintained in their cubic γ-U crystal structure. The further development of this fuel was delayed due to an unacceptable volume expansion caused by UMo/Al interaction layer (IL) formation and a subsequent gross pore formation at the interface between UMo particles and matrix Al when severe irradiation conditions are reached. In order to alleviate or eliminate the swelling of UMo/Al dispersion fuel,several potential remedies are available to correct the swelling problems. These range from relatively minor changes to the fuel and matrix chemistry, to replacement of the aluminum matrix with another material, or to eliminate the matrix altogether. All of these variations are currently being investigated in the world.
A Technology of Self-Emulsification Coacervation to Prepare Starch Sodium Octenyl Succinate (SSOS) Microcapsules Consisting of Evening Primrose Oil (EPO)
Authors: Liu Zhao Li , Cao Ya Feng , Ma Xiao Jun , Liu Xiu Dong
Published: September 2011

A technology of self-emulsification coacervation to prepare starch sodium octenyl succinate (SSOS) microcapsules consisting of evening primrose oil (EPO) as a core material has been illustrated in this report. The optimal microencapsulation conditions has been investigated and the morphology of the microcapsules has been observed by Optical microscope. The results show that the optimized microencapsulation condition is core-wall ratio 2 g/g , DS 0.050, coacervating agent 0.8 mL/mL emulsion, with the cross-linker 0.04 g/g SSOS, stirring speed 700 rpm for emulsification, and 350 rpm for coacervation. Meanwhile，the protective effect experiments via aeration method indicate that the increment of peroxide value (POV) of entrapped EPO is only 5.68％ compared to unencapsulated EPO after aeration for 48 h, which shows good protection performance of SSOS microcapsules to entrapped substances.
Manufacture of Carbon Supported PtCuLaOX Membrane Electrode with Low Pt Loading by IBS Technology
Authors: Yang Bin , Xu Tao , Shen Ming Zhe
Published: September 2011

For the use of Fuel Cells in transportation, one of the key points is to reduce Pt loading in Pt/C catalytic electrode. In our study, a new type of Pt/C membrane electrodes, PtCuLaOx heterogeneous structure, in which with developing different La content homogeneously dispersed on the surface of carbonaceous substrates was manufactured by Ion Beam Sputtering (IBS) technology, and also was treated by different annealing temperature in muffle furnace. It was found that PtCuLaOx heterogeneous membrane with Pt loading less than 0.05mg/cm2 (the electrode area) in which its having complicated valence state, indicated that Pt had mutual effect with Cu, La and O, respectively. In addition, along with increases the annealing temperature, the instant result was to promote alloying of Pt, Cu and La in PtCuLaOx/C catalytic electrodes.
Experimental Investigation on Simply Supported PFRP Channel Beams Subjected to Three-Point Loading
Authors: Seangatith Sittichai , Thumrongvut Jaksada
Published: September 2011

This paper presents the experimental results on the simply supported PFRP channel beams subjected to three-point loading. The objectives of the research work are to investigate the effects of the span (L) of the beams on the behaviors, the critical buckling moments and the modes of failure of the beams, and to compare the obtained critical buckling moments with those obtained from the modified LFRD steel design equation in order to check the adequacy of the equation. The beam specimens have the cross-sectional dimensions of 102×29×6 mm with span-to-depth ratio (L/d) ranging from 20 to 40. A total of ten specimens were tested. Based on the test results, it was found that the load versus mid-span vertical deflection relationships are linear up to the failure, but the load versus mid-span lateral deflection relationships are geometrically nonlinear. The general mode of failure is the flexural-torsional buckling. Finally, the modified LFRD equation can satisfactorily predict the critical buckling moment of the PFRP beams used in this study.
Net-Like ZnO/Carbon–Aerogel Composite as Anode Material for Ni-Zn Secondary Battery
Authors: Huang Hui , Gu Sai Jun , Gan Yong Ping , Zhang Wen Kui
Published: September 2011

Nanosized ZnO particles were prepared by a facile homogeneous precipitation method. Resorcinol-formaldehyde sol with addition of the ZnO particles was carbonized at 700 °C for 1.5 h to prepare ZnO/carbon-aerogel composite. TEM investigation shows that ZnO particles were em-bedded in 3-dimensional net-like carbon and covered uniformly by amorphous carbon coating. Compared with ZnO, the ZnO/carbon-aerogel composite showed better cycling stability, higher discharge capacity and lower charge-transfer resistance. The discharge capacity delivered by the ZnO/carbon-aerogel composite remained above 550 mAh g-1during 40 cycles with little capacity loss. The enhanced electrochemical performances were mainly ascribed to the effects of the net-like structure of amorphous carbon, which uniformly surrounded the ZnO particles to guarantee good contact and acted as a skeleton to alleviate the shape change and dendrite growth of zinc electrode.
Effect of Volume Fraction of Reinforcement on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of In Situ (TiB+TiC)/Ti Composite
Authors: Chen Yuong , Zhang Chang Jiang , Kong Fan Tao , Niu Hong Zhi , Wu Fang , Xiao Shu Long
Published: September 2011

In the present study, Ti-6Al-2.5Sn-4Zr-0.7Mo-0.3Si-0.3Y alloy matrix composites reinforced with TiB and TiC were fabricated by combustion-assisted cast utilizing the reaction between titanium and B4C, graphite. The microstructure, room temperature mechanical properties were presented and discussed. Microstructural analysis of the composites revealed that the prior β grain size as well as the thickness of α colony significantly refined with increasing of volume fraction. At room temperature (RT), tensile strength and elastic modulus increase significantly, while the ductility drops gradually possibly because of the cracking of TiB whiskers and TiC particles.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue over Co-Ag3VO4 under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Zhao Shuo Wiei , Xu Hui , Li Hua Ming , Xu Yuan Guo
Published: September 2011

In order to improve the photocatalytic activity, Co was successfully loaded into Ag3VO4 by using impregnation process. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The XRD and SEM–EDS analyses revealed that Co ion was dispersed on Ag3VO4. The DRS results indicated that the absorption edge of the Co–Ag3VO4 catalyst shifted to longer wavelength. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of Co–Ag3VO4 for Methylene Blue(MB) dye degradation under visible light irradiation was due to its wider absorption edge and higher separation rate of photo-generated electron and holes. In the experimental conditions, it is demonstrated that the MB was effectively degraded by more than 95% within 40 min when the Co–Ag3VO4 catalyst was calcined at 300°C with 1 wt.% Co content.
Effect of Drying Treatments on Anthocyanin, Fumonisin B1, Aflatoxin B1 Content of Anthocyanin Extract from Purple Corn (Zea may L.) in North China
Authors: Zhang Chao , Ma Yue , Zhao Xiao Yan , Wang Fen
Published: September 2011

Effects of drying treatments on anthocyanin, fumonisin B1, aflatoxin B1content of anthocyanin extract from purple corn were evaluated based on the harvest of 2008 and 2009 in north China. The anthocyanin content of anthocyanin extract from husk was 62.4 g/kg, being significant higher than that from cob and seed. The fumonisin B1and aflatoxin B1content of anthocyanin extract from the husk were 4.25 and 5.60 μg/kg, respectively, according with legislative limitation of USFDA. Moreover, the fumonisin B1and aflatoxin B1content of anthocyanin extract from the husk were lower than the maximum limitation of USFDA even after each drying treatments. Therefore, the husk of the purple corn in north China was feasible for anthocyanin production due to its high anthocyanin content and low fumonisin B1and aflatoxin B1content.
Ferroelectric Property of Ion Beam Enhanced Deposited Lithium Tantalate Thin Film
Authors: Zhang De Yin , Qian Wei , Li Kun , Xie Jian Sheng
Published: September 2011

The Ion Beam Enhanced Deposited (IBED) lithium tantalate (LiTaO3) thin film samples with Al/LiTaO3/Pt electrode structure were prepared on the Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si(100) and SiO2/Si(100) substrate respectively. The crystallization, surface morphology, ferroelectric property, and fatigue property of the prepared samples with the different annealed processes were investigated. The XRD measured results show that the prepared samples have the polycrystal structure of LiTaO3 with the preferred orientation of <012> and <104> located at the 2θ of 23.60 and 32.70 respectively. The SEM morphology analysis reveals the prepared film annealed at 550°C is uniform, smooth and crack-free on the surface and cross section. The ferroelectric property measured results show that the remanent polarization Pr of the samples annealed at different temperature almost increase with the electric field intensity stronger. The leakage current makes the hysteresis loop of the samples subjected to a strong measured electric filed difficult to appear the same saturation hysteresis loop as the single-crystal LiTaO3. The prepared samples annealed at 550°C have a Pr value of 11.5μC/cm2 when subjected to the electrical field of 400kV/cm. The breakdown voltage of the 587nm thick thin film sample is high as to 680 kV/cm. The fatigue property measured results show only 15.17% Pr drop of the prepared films annealed at 550°C appear after 5×1010 cycles polarized by the 10MHz sinusoidal signal with the peak-to-peak amplitude of 10 Volt. The ferroelectric properties of the prepared films meet the practical application requirements of charge response measurement of the LiTaO3 infrared detector owe to the Pr of the prepared films annealed at different temperature large beyond 10μC/cm2 when the prepared films subjected to a strong electric filed larger than 400 kV/cm. The experimental results also show that the surface morphology, the ferroelectric and fatigue properties of the IBED LiTaO3 thin films are significant better than those of the Sol-Gel derived LiTaO3 thin films.
Preparation and Properties of PLA Microspheres Containing ENRO by an S/O/W Emulsion Technique
Authors: Zhou Yu Yan , Li Gui Yu , Wang Hong Xia , Tao Lei , Liang Jian Ping
Published: September 2011

In the present paper, monodisperse poly(lactic acid) (PLA) microspheres (MS) containing the enrofloxacin (ENRO), were manufactured by using a modified solid in oil in water (S/O/W) emulsion solvent evaporation method. In order to prepare PLA microspheres with a higher drug loading efficiency by this modified technique, the test of stability and productivity of the primary emulsion was preliminary examined by change species or concentration of the oil-soluble surfactant and the ratio of water and organic solvent. Firstly, enrofloxacin polylactic acid microspheres (ENRO-PLA-MS) were producted, then the morphology and particle size distribution were estimated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), its encapsulation efficiency and drug loading efficiency were assessed by High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In vivo conditions were simulated by an stable release buffer to obtain a detailed release and polymer degradation profile. Consequently, the ENRO-PLA-MS had a denser structure with a smooth, pore-free surface, the preparation of microspheres was simple, the prepared microspheres had excellent controlled drug release characteristics in vitro.
Dependence of Hysteresis Loops on Thickness of Thin Nickel Films Prepared by RF Sputtering
Authors: Rattanasakulthong Watcharee , Sirisangsawang Pichai , Pinitsoontorn Supree , Sirisathitkul Chitnarong
Published: September 2011

Nickel films of varying thicknesses between 70 and 300 nm were deposited on glass substrates by RF sputtering and their broad (111) FCC peaks were identified by X-ray diffraction. The surface roughness and sub-micron grains were revealed by scanning electron microscopy. According to vibrating sample magnetometry, the films showed hysteresis loops with comparable coercive field and saturation field for the in-plane and perpendicular magnetizations. The increase in thickness substantially increased the magnetization and the squareness of the Ni films. The thickness can be classified into 2 regimes by the variation of squareness. The films are thinner than 200 nm showed the in-plane anisotropy whereas the perpendicular anisotropy was developed in the case of the thickness above 200 nm.
Hydrolysis of Glucose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Yang Liu , Liu Yu Huan , Ruan Rong Sheng
Published: September 2011

We used solid acid and solid base we made ourselves prepared 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) from glucose. Researched on the effects of quality ratio of solid acid and solid base, substrate concentration, volume ratio of two phases, reaction temperature and reaction time on 5-HMF yield. Results were shown that the conditions quality ratio of solid acid and solid base was 3: 4, substrate concentration was 50%, volume ratio of water phase and organic phase was 1: 2, reaction temperature was 120 °C, time for 12 h were the best that 5-HMF yield reached 48.39%.
Characteristics Analysis of Acoustic Emission Signals from Titanium under Tensile Fracture
Authors: Shi Jian , Wang Peng
Published: September 2011

The parameters of acoustic emission signals were analyzed which titanium plate specimens with crack under tension fracture process used acoustic emission technique. Based on the results of stress-strain curves, crack opening displacement-time curves and CCD images, the relationship between parameters of acoustic emission signal and mechanical behavior of the titanium was investigated. The results show acoustic emission signals increased significantly during yield, crack propagation and fracture with different load speeds, the energy amplitude range of acoustic emission signals was mainly from 50dB to 65dB. The characteristic parameters including AE energy, hit and amplitude can be used to represent the mechanical and inner deformation form of titanium during plastic deformation and fracture process.
Recovery of Sc3+ from Red Mud Leaching Solution by Emulsion Liquid Membrane
Authors: Wang Cui Zhen , Zhou Guang Zhu , Kou Xiao Yan , Zheng Zi Long
Published: September 2011

In this paper, recovery of scandium from red mud leaching solution by emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) was studied. Composition of ELM is P507+ span80 + sulfonated kerosene + HCl. Effects of mobile carrier and surfactant concentration, Roi, Rwe, internal and external aqueous phase acidity on the extracting rate of Sc3+were studied. Results show that it is feasible for ELM extracting Sc3+from the red mud leaching solution. The optimum condition for ELM extracting scandium from the red mud is P507%=8%, Span80%=7%, Roi=2:3, Rwe=6, internal aqueous c(HCl)=2 mol/L, external aqueous phase pH=2. The extracting rate of Sc3+can reach to 98% under optimal condition.
The Study of Using TiO2 Nanotube Arrays as a Drug Delivery for Alendronate
Authors: Wang Chun Yan , Xiao Xiu Feng , Mao Dan , Tang Hai Zhen , Liu Rong Fang
Published: September 2011

TiO2nanotube arrays possess regular hollow structure, large specific surface area and good biocompatibility, which are good for filling with drugs. In this paper, a vertically aligned nanotube arrays of titanium oxide was fabricated on the surface of titanium substrate in fluoride-containing electrolytes by anodization. The TiO2nanotube arrays were loaded with alendronate via vacuum drying method and the release of alendronate from the nanotubes were detected in phosphate buffer solution(PBS). The samples were characterized by scanning electronic microscope(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), Fourier transform infrared(FTIR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and visible ultraviolet spectrophotometer(UV-vis). The data showed that the release of alendronate from the nanotubes includes two stages: burst release and sustained release, the result indicated that the drug loaded in the TiO2nanotubes has a certain amounts of sustained-release effect.
Evaluation on Combustion Properties of Nanoparticle as Fuel Additive
Authors: Ren Yong Qiang , Huang Zhi Ning , Fu Yan
Published: September 2011

To improve combustion properties of fuel oils, save energy and reduce pollution, the metal nanoparticles modified by fatty acids have been prepared. The dispersion capacities of these modified nanoparticles in liquid paraffin oil were examined, and were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR) . The results show they possess similar crystal structure as organic shell, and average particle diameters, which are in agreement with their excellent oil-solubilities. Moreover, the properties of the modified nanoparticles additives in boiler fuel were evaluated by means of oxygen bomb relative method as regards energy saving and residual products lowering. The results show that the efficiency of combustion and decrement of residual products for fuels were improved to different degree. Therefore, notable economic and social benefits are brought.
Managing Product Quality and Reliability under New Challenges
Authors: Karim M. Azharul , Yarlagadda Prasad
Published: September 2011

Abstract: This paper presents the findings of an investigation of the challenges Australian manufacturers are currently facing. A comprehensive questionnaire survey was conducted among leading Australian manufacturers. This paper reports the main findings of this study. Evidence indicates that product quality and reliability (Q & R) are the main challenges for Australian manufacturers. Design capability and time to market came second. Results show that there is no effective information exchange between the parties involved in production and quality control. Learning from the past mistakes is not proving to have significant effects on improving product quality. The technological innovation speed is high and companies are introducing as many as 5 new products in a year. This technological speed has pressure on the Q & R of new products. To overcome the new challenges, companies need a Q & R improvement model.
Studies on Preparation and Methanol Permeability of PVDF-g-PAMPS Membrane
Authors: Xu Jia , Guo Gui Bao
Published: September 2011

A proton exchange membrane of poly (vinylidene fluoride) grafted onto poly (2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid) (PVDF-g-PAMPS) was prepared as follows: acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) was first added to a N-Methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) solution containing poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) that was modified with plain sodium silicate. Ammonium persulfate was then added as an evocating agent and PAMPS was directly grafted onto the PVDF that was modified with plain sodium silicate. The influences of AMPS contents on the proton conductivity and methanol permeability were studied. The results showed that AMPS is easily grafted into PVDF modified by Plain sodium silicate (Na4SiO4), with increasing of the content of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, the methanol permeability became large gradually of PVDF-g-PAMPS membranes was increased.
Activated Carbon Supported Iron Catalyst for the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis
Authors: Ban Hong Yan , Wei Jiao , Sun Xiao Zhi , Fang Zhi Gang
Published: September 2011

The application of activated carbon (AC) supported Fe-Cu-K catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is studied. The catalyst prepared using the AC as support showed remarkably improvement of reaction performance. The improvement of the reaction performance obtained for the AC is probably ascribed to the physical structure and surface chemistry of AC. The support and corresponding catalyst are characterized by N2 adsorption. Catalytic performance of the catalyst during FT synthesis was excellent. Syngas conversion was about 74%, whereas methane selectivity was low (~2 %).
Chemical Preparation and Characterizationof Polypyrrole-Polylactic Acid Conductive Composite Membranes
Authors: Chen Jian Jun , Men Ji Ying
Published: September 2011

Abstract: Conductive polypyrrole(PPy)-polylactic Acid(PLA) composite membranes are prepared with chemical method. Membranes have been characterized by Fouier transform infrared spectroscopic(FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy （SEM).The conductive stability of membranes has been measured by home-made multiwell direct current electrical stimulating system. The results show PPy nanparticals network embeds in PLA matrix and the conductive stability of membranes sustains in the range of 28μA~35μA between the observation time of 560h to 1146h.
Investigation of Phase Composition and Microstructure of the B4C/BN Nanocomposite Powders Fabricated by Chemical Reaction and Heat Treatment Process
Authors: Jiang Tao
Published: September 2011

The B4C/BN nanocomposite powders were fabricated by chemical reaction and heat treatment process in this research. The starting powders was composed of B4C powders, H3BO3and CO(NH2)2. The mixture powders were reacted at 550°C for 15h and heat treated at 850°C for 6h. So the B4C/BN nanocomposite powders were prepared by above process. In this research, the B4C/BN nanocomposite powders were heat treated at 850°C, 1300°C, 1500°C, 1750°C. The phase composition and microstructure of the B4C/BN nanocomposite powders fabricated by heat treatment at high temperature were investigated by XRD and TEM. The XRD patterns results showed that there existed the B4C phase and amorphous BN phase after chemical reaction at 550°C and heat treatment at 850°C. Then the amorphous BN phase gradually transformed into the hexagonal BN (h-BN) phase with the increase of heat treatment temperature from 1300°C to 1750°C. The amorphous BN phase completely transformed into the h-BN phase after the hot-pressing process at 1850°C. The IR spectrum results showed that there existed the B4C phase and BN phase in the produced composite powders and sintered bulks. The microstructure of the synthesized B4C/BN composite powders showed that the B4C particles were surrounded with the amorphous BN coated layer after the heat treatment at 850°C, then the amorphous BN coated layer gradually transformed into the nano-sized h-BN particles with the increase of heat treatment temperature. So the B4C/BN nanocomposite powders were fabricated by chemical reaction and heat treatment process.
Influence of Processing Temperature on the Failure Behavior of Fabricated Composites
Authors: Liu Guo Ning , Zhao Hua Dong , Zhu Qiang , Dong Jing Ru , Zhao Ming Hao
Published: September 2011

Abstract: Composite materials are playing a greater role in engineering application due to their optimized structure and mechanical characteristics. Study here aims at composite design which enables the fabricated composite to have excellent mechanical behavior even in extremely corrosive environment, for example, environment with extremely high ozone gas concentration. To take advantage of the great anticorrosion property of pure aluminum (Al), PET thin film coated with pure aluminum (Al) on its surface has been introduced as the top layer of the fabricated composite with polyester textile as the middle layer. To bond these layers together, the composites with this sandwiched structure are manufactured at different temperature. Main purpose of the study is to evaluate the influence of processing temperatures on the mechanical properties of the manufactured composites, and on their failure behavior. In this way, optimized processing temperature may be found.
The Preparation and Characterization of Solid Superacid S2O82-/SnO2-SiO2
Authors: Hao Xiang Ying , Guo Hai Fu , Yan Peng , Li Xiang
Published: September 2011

The new type of solid superacid S2O82-/SnO2-SiO2 was prepared by precipitation and hydrothermal aging method with ammonium persufate as soaker instead of sulphuric acid. The samples with different tin oxide content were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, BET, TG/DTA and Hammett indicators techniques. Catalytic activities for esterification of butanol and acetic acid were also investigated. As a result, most sulfate-ion in surface of S2O82-/SnO2-SiO2 coordinate with Sn bidentatly, and the acidic strength of S2O82-/SnO2-SiO2 is related to the content of tin oxide. Besides, introducing appropriate Si can improve the combination of the tin with SO42- thus increases the amount of acid. Catalyst S2O82-/SnO2-SiO2 reveals high catalytic activity and stability in the esterification at very large range of composition.
Analysis of Patch Bonded Repair to Carbon Fiber Composite Laminates with Low Velocity Impact Damage
Authors: Wang Lun , Zhou Wan Lin , Shi Xue Gang
Published: September 2011

In this paper, low-velocity impact residual tensile strength of carbon fiber composite laminates are investigated by experiment. The triple-plate-string-element finite element model was used to calculate the strength of repaired structures of the damage. The corresponding strength tests were conducted to verify the computational results. According to the computational and experimental results, the influence of the repair parameters on the repair efficiency was analyzed, such as the overlap length and the thickness of the patch.
Effect of Magnetic Field Treatment on Temperature-Sensing Property of Polyethylene-Based PTC Composites
Authors: Li Chang Ming , Wang Yang , Yan Xian Wei , Yang Yan Ming , Yang Ying , Gao Si Ming
Published: September 2011

A static magnetic field is applied during the hot press molding of high-density polyethylene (HDPE)/carbon black (CB)/ferrous powder composites and HDPE/CB/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites. The effect of magnetic field treatment on the temperature-sensing property of polyethylene-based positive temperature coefficient (PTC) composites is investigated. Experimental results indicate that the magnetic field treatment can lead to the alignment of ferrous powders and CNT in HDPE along the direction of the applied external magnetic field, thus guaranteeing the composites have low room-temperature resistivity and high PTC intensity as the concentration of CB is cut down. This also can significantly improve mechanical property and processability of the composites. When the mass concentrations of ferrous powders and CNT are equal, HDPE/CB/ferrous powder composites present better PTC property than HDPE/CB/CNT composites after the magnetic field treatment.