bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Qualitative and Quantitative Fisher Perceptions to Complement Natural Science Data for Managing Fisheries
Authors: Murphy Robert , Cunningham Curry , Harris Bradley P , Brown Caroline
Published: December 2020

Sustainably managing fisheries for ecological and social objectives in the current era of rapid environmental change requires that managers, scientists, and fishery stakeholders work together to find solutions to complex problems. Recognizing that multiple forms of knowledge generation exist and focusing on the strengths of different ways-of-knowing can facilitate a more holistic understanding of these problems. Here, we illustrate the value in both natural and social science-generated information for informing our understanding of a rapidly changing social–ecological system. Using data collected through an in-person and online survey, we show that methods for quantifying user perceptions can facilitate the integration of social data with traditional scientific data collection efforts. Specifically, the synthesis of a Bayesian lifecycle model (Cunningham et al. 2018) for Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and quantified fisher perceptions suggests that natural science efforts and resource users largely agree on many of the factors that may be contributing to the observed declines in abundance of Chinook Salmon in Alaska. A qualitative assessment of the perceptions of resource users revealed benefits to incorporating stakeholders in science and management, including the ability to identify regional issues or trends potentially unrealized by natural science approaches. Our study highlights the synergistic value of multiple sources of ecological information for sustainably managing fishery systems.
Hypolipidemic properties of Chlorella pyrenoidosa organic acids via AMPK/HMGCR/SREBP‐1c pathway in vivo
Authors: Chen Jie , Gong Shiyu , Wan Xuzhi , Gao Xiaoxiang , Wang Change , Zeng Feng , Zhao Chao , Liu Bin , Huang Ying
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study was to explore the effects and mechanisms of 95% ethanol extract of Chlorella pyrenoidosa (CPE95) on lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemic rats. For the sake of chemical composition analysis of CPE95, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) was used for determination. After treatment with CPE95, serum high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol content of the hyperlipidemic rats was increased, while the contents of cholesterol, triglyceride, and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol were decreased strikingly. Moreover, the result of histopathology analysis showed that the accumulation and fatty deformation of the livers were relieved. Real‐time quantitative PCR and Western blotting were used to determine the expression levels of lipid metabolism‐related genes. The gene expression level of adenosine 5’‐monophosphate‐activated protein kinase was descended, and expressions of sterol regulatory element‐binding protein‐1c, acetyl‐CoA carboxylase, and 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase were all downregulated in the CPE95‐treated rats. It suggested that CPE95 may effectively improve the hyperlipidemia in rats and would be potential for functional food component to reduce blood lipid.
DNA methylation markers as triage test for the early identification of cervical lesions in a Chinese population
Authors: Li Na , Hu Yuanjing , Zhang Xinying , Liu Yixin , He Ya , van der Zee Ate G. J. , Schuuring Ed , Wisman G. Bea A
Published: December 2020

Objective strategies are required in cervical cancer screening. We have identified several DNA methylation markers with high sensitivity and specificity to detect cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 or worse (CIN2+) in Dutch women. Our study aims to analyze the diagnostic characteristics of these markers in a Chinese cohort. A total of 246 liquid‐based cytology samples were included, of which 205 women underwent colposcopy due to an abnormal cytology result (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance [ASCUS] or worse), while 227 were tested high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) positive. All six individual markers (ANKRD18CP, C13ORF18, EPB41L3, JAM3, SOX1 and ZSCAN1) showed enhanced methylation levels and frequency with increasing severity of the underlying lesion (P ≤ .001). In cytological abnormal women, sensitivity to detect CIN2+ was 79%, 76% and 72% for the three panels (C13ORF18/EBP41L3/JAM3, C13ORF18/ANKRD18CP/JAM3 and ZSCAN1/SOX1, respectively), with a specificity of 57%, 65% and 68%. For the first two panels, these diagnostic characteristics were similar to the Dutch cohort, while for ZSCAN1/SOX1 the sensitivity was higher in the Chinese cohort, but with a lower specificity (both P < .05). In hrHPV‐positive samples, similar sensitivity and specificity for the detection of CIN2+ were found as for the abnormal cytology cohort, which were now all similar between both cohorts and non‐inferior to HPV16/18 genotyping. Our analysis reveals that the diagnostic performances are highly comparable for C13ORF18/EBP41L3/JAM3 and C13ORF18/ANKRD18CP/JAM3 methylation marker panels in both Chinese and Dutch cohorts. In conclusion, methylation panels identified in a Dutch population are also applicable for triage testing in cervical cancer screening in China.
Supervised learning methods for the recognition of melanoma cell lines through the analysis of their Raman spectra
Authors: Baria Enrico , Cicchi Riccardo , Malentacchi Francesca , Mancini Irene , Pinzani Pamela , Pazzagli Marco , Pavone Francesco S.
Published: December 2020

Malignant melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer, which develops from the genetic mutations of melanocytes – the most frequent involving BRAF and NRAS genes. The choice and the effectiveness of the therapeutic approach depend on tumour mutation; therefore, its assessment is of paramount importance. Current methods for mutation analysis are destructive and take a long time; instead, Raman spectroscopy could provide a fast, label‐free and non‐destructive alternative. In this study, confocal Raman microscopy has been used for examining three in vitro melanoma cell lines, harbouring different molecular profiles and, in particular, specific BRAF and NRAS driver mutations. The molecular information obtained from Raman spectra has served for developing two alternative classification algorithms based on linear discriminant analysis and artificial neural network. Both methods provide high accuracy (≥90%) in discriminating all cell types, suggesting that Raman spectroscopy may be an effective tool for detecting molecular differences between melanoma mutations.
Dyadic Influence of Adverse Childhood Experiences: Counseling Implications for Mental and Relational Health
Authors: Wheeler Naomi J. , Regal Rachel A. , Griffith Sandy‐Ann M. , Barden Sejal M.
Published: December 2020

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) predict physical and mental health. We examined dyadic differences in intimate partner relationship health by ACE score among couples with low to moderate income enrolled in a relationship education program. Overall, we found a high prevalence of ACEs, disproportionate representation in the highest risk ACE group, and a significant effect between ACEs and indicators of mental and relational health. Implications for counselors include support for an ACE‐informed approach to couples counseling services, as well as a holistic and systemic view of mental and relational health.
Accelerating atomistic simulations of proteins using multiscale enhanced sampling with independent tempering
Authors: Liu Xiaorong , Gong Xiping , Chen Jianhan
Published: December 2020

Efficient sampling of the conformational space is essential for quantitative simulations of proteins. The multiscale enhanced sampling (MSES) method accelerates atomistic sampling by coupling it to a coarse‐grained (CG) simulation. Bias from coupling to the CG model is removed using Hamiltonian replica exchange, such that one could benefit simultaneously from the high accuracy of atomistic models and fast dynamics of CG ones. Here, we extend MSES to allow independent control of the effective temperatures of atomistic and CG simulations, by directly scaling the atomistic and CG Hamiltonians. The new algorithm, named MSES with independent tempering (MSES‐IT), supports more sophisticated Hamiltonian and temperature replica exchange protocols to further improve the sampling efficiency. Using a small but nontrivial β‐hairpin, we show that setting the effective temperature of CG model in all conditions to its melting temperature maximizes structural transition rates at the CG level and promotes more efficient replica exchange and diffusion in the condition space. As the result, MSES‐IT drive faster reversible transitions at the atomic level and leads to significant improvement in generating converged conformational ensembles compared to the original MSES scheme.
The roles of liver X receptor α in inflammation and inflammation‐associated diseases
Authors: Zhao Lin , Lei Wangrui , Deng Chao , Wu Zhen , Sun Meng , Jin Zhenxiao , Song Yanbin , Yang Zhi , Jiang Shuai , Shen Mingzhi , Yang Yang
Published: December 2020

Liver X receptor α (LXRα; also known as NR1H3), an isoform of LXRs, is a member of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors and plays essential roles in the transcriptional control of cholesterol homeostasis. Previous in‐depth phenotypic analyses of mouse models with deficient LXRα have also demonstrated various physiological functions of this receptor within inflammatory responses. LXRα activation exerts a combination of metabolic and anti‐inflammatory actions resulting in the modulation and the amelioration of inflammatory disorders. The tight “repercussions” between LXRα and inflammation, as well as cholesterol homeostasis, have suggested that LXRα could be pharmacologically targeted in pathologies such as atherosclerosis, acute lung injury, and Alzheimer's disease. This review gives an overview of the recent advances in understanding the roles of LXRα in inflammation and inflammation‐associated diseases, which will help in the design of future experimental researches on the potential of LXRα and advance the investigation of LXRα as pharmacological inflammatory targets.
Hypoxic naked mole–rat brains use microRNA to coordinate hypometabolic fuels and neuroprotective defenses
Authors: Hadj‐Moussa Hanane , Pamenter Matthew E. , Storey Kenneth B.
Published: December 2020

Naked mole–rats are among the mammalian champions of hypoxia tolerance. They evolved adaptations centered around reducing metabolic rate to overcome the challenges experienced in their underground burrows. In this study, we used next‐generation sequencing to investigate one of the factors likely supporting hypoxia tolerance in naked mole–rat brains, posttranscriptional microRNAs (miRNAs). Of the 212 conserved miRNAs identified using small RNA sequencing, 18 displayed significant differential expression during hypoxia. Bioinformatic enrichment revealed that hypoxia‐mediated miRNAs were suppressing energy expensive processes including de novo protein translation and cellular proliferation. This suppression occurred alongside the activation of neuroprotective and neuroinflammatory pathways, and the induction of central signal transduction pathways including HIF‐1α and NFκB via miR‐335, miR‐101, and miR‐155. MiRNAs also coordinated anaerobic glycolytic fuel sources, where hypoxia‐upregulated miR‐365 likely suppressed protein levels of ketohexokinase, the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the first committed step of fructose catabolism. This was further supported by a hypoxia‐mediated reduction in glucose transporter 5 proteins that import fructose into the cell. Yet, messenger RNA and protein levels of lactate dehydrogenase, which converts pyruvate to lactate in the absence of oxygen, were elevated during hypoxia. Together, this demonstrated the induction of anaerobic glycolysis despite a lack of reliance on fructose as the primary fuel source, suggesting that hypoxic brains are metabolically different than anoxic naked mole–rat brains that were previously found to shift to fructose‐based glycolysis. Our findings contribute to the growing body of oxygen‐responsive miRNAs “OxymiRs“ that facilitate natural miRNA‐mediated mechanisms for successful hypoxic exposures.
Echocardiographic diagnosis of congenital double orifice mitral valve malformation: A case report
Authors: Li Hongzhong , Wang Hui , Zhang Wenhua , Cheng Lijuan
Published: December 2020

Double orifice mitral valve (DOMV) is a rare congenital valve malformation. Due to the insufficient understanding and awareness of its echocardiographic characteristics, there is a risk of misdiagnosis. Here, we report a case of echocardiographic diagnosis of congenital DOMV malformation in a 56‐year‐old male patient who visited our hospital for systematic physical examination, during which DOMV was not diagnosed. The following year, the patient visited our hospital again, and echocardiography showed two approximately circular orifices on the short axis view of the mitral valve. During diastole, two red Doppler blood flow signals were observed entering the left ventricle simultaneously. A small amount of blue Doppler signal revealed reflux into the left atrium during systole, leading to the diagnose of congenital heart disease with DOMV malformation, without other cardiac structural abnormality. Because the patient did not have obvious discomfort, he did not receive any special treatment and is regularly followed‐up.
Characterization of the alimentary canal and Malpighian tubules of Chrysolina herbacea (Duftschmid, 1825) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): Anatomical and histological approaches
Authors: Özyurt Koçakoğlu Nurcan , Candan Selami
Published: December 2020

The mint beetle or green mint beetle, Chrysolina herbacea, is one of the most important insect pests of mint herb. These insects are associated with plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family, in particular the Mentha genus. They cause serious damages to plants by consuming their leaves. For this reason, it is an important agricultural pest, and the structure of the digestive system must be known well to combat these insects. The alimentary canal of adult C. herbacea divided into three main regions: foregut, midgut and hindgut. The foregut is characterized by the following parts; pharynx, esophagus, crop, and proventriculus. The proximal part of Malpighian tubules joins with the pyloric valve. Their distal parts are located in the hemocoel and have a wavy appearance and a flat surface. Malpighian tubules are surrounded by a single layer of cubic epithelium which is with brush border, and sheath. The hindgut is formed the following regions; pyloric valve, ileum, colon and rectum. In foregut and hindgut, the layers represented from within out are: intima, epithelium, muscle layer. In the midgut, the layers from within out are: peritrophic membrane, epithelium, muscle layer. The foregut has a monolayer cubic epithelium with oval nuclei. In the midgut, the epithelium is simple columnar while in the hindgut, the epithelium is simple cuboidal. This is the first report on alimentary canal and Malpighian tubules histo‐anatomy in C. herbacea. The results will help guide the development of new strategies for managing this pest.
Potential use of Impatiens balsamina L. for bioremediation of lead and polychlorinated biphenyl contaminated soils
Authors: Liu Weitao , Wu Jiani , Lian Jiapan , Zhang Xue , Zeb Aurang , Zhou Qixing , Sun Yuebing
Published: December 2020

In recent years, due to the improper dismantling of electronic waste (e‐waste) in China, high levels of lead (Pb) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been released into the environment, which posed potential health risks to residents, especially to children. A pot‐culture experiment was carried out to evaluate the phytoremediation potential of PCBs and Pb co‐contaminated soil by the use of Impatiens balsamina L. The results indicated that PCBs and Pb had negative effect on plant growth, while the presence of PCBs partially alleviated Pb toxicity to I. balsamina. The existence of PCBs showed nonsignificant effects on Pb uptake by I. balsamina. However, the presence of PCBs influenced the distribution of Pb among plant tissues. The order of Pb accumulation in tissues was roots > stems > leaves, indicating the plant may be suitable for the phytostabilization of Pb in soil. The degradation rates of PCB 18 (25–68%) and PCB 28 (14–61%) in the planted soil was significantly higher than that in the unplanted soil, which confirmed the vegetation is beneficial for the biodegradation of PCBs in soils. Plant–microbial consortia in the rhizosphere make a predominant contribution to PCBs dissipation in the co‐contaminated soil. Significant differences in microbial taxonomic composition between the contaminated soils and a blank control were observed. I. balsamina could have the potential for remediating PCBs and lead co‐contaminated soils, even though further field studies are still required.
Dance and Parkinson's: Biological perspective and rationale
Authors: McMahon Jessica , Chazot Paul
Published: December 2020

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. However, there is no known drug that can influence the underlying aetiology and pathophysiology of the disease and, as such, current treatments are limited to provision of symptom alleviation. Exercise, including dance, has been shown to positively influence general health and both motor and non‐motor symptoms of PD. This review explores how exercise and dance could be beneficial to people with PD and considers the potential underlying biological mechanisms. Such insights have the potential to identify novel therapeutic treatments that can help manage Parkinsonism and improve quality of life and slow the progression of the disease for patients.
Simple Hierarchical Interface Design Strategy for Accelerating Solar Evaporation
Authors: Li Shuai , He Yingying , Wang Yanan , Liao Daogui , Liu Hongxia , Zhou Li , Wei Chun , Yu Chuanbai , Chen Yunhua
Published: December 2020

Interface design is an efficient way to improve the steam generation performance of solar evaporators. Accompanied with the formation of cellulose nanofiber/polylactic acid/polyaniline (PANI) hybrid aerogel (HA) by Pickering emulsion and in situ polymerization, this paper proposes a new perspective of hierarchical interface design strategy to accelerate the water evaporation driven by solar energy. By changing the concentration and type of doped acid, the distribution gap of different PANI forms in HA can be microscopically designed. PANI nanoclusters with smaller gaps facilitate HA to achieve an improved light absorption, photothermal conversion capability and steam generation rate. Moreover, macro interface design introduces hemispherical depression structures to the HA surface through a simple mold. These recessed surfaces not only increase the light absorption by increasing the multiple reflections and refractions of light on the recesses, but also recover part of the heat radiation loss to the environment. A higher evaporation rate of 1.65 kg m−2 h−1 with a steam generation efficiency of 94.6% is achieved under the irradiation of 1 Sun (100 mw cm−2). Finally, HAs have strong purification ability for various raw water, and are promising in terms of their application potential in the field of energy conversion.
Epipelagic microbiome of the Small Aral Sea: Metagenomic structure and ecological diversity
Authors: Alexyuk Madina , Bogoyavlenskiy Andrey , Alexyuk Pavel , Moldakhanov Yergali , Berezin Vladimir , Digel Ilya
Published: December 2020

Microbial diversity studies regarding the aquatic communities that experienced or are experiencing environmental problems are essential for the comprehension of the remediation dynamics. In this pilot study, we present data on the phylogenetic and ecological structure of microorganisms from epipelagic water samples collected in the Small Aral Sea (SAS). The raw data were generated by massive parallel sequencing using the shotgun approach. As expected, most of the identified DNA sequences belonged to Terrabacteria and Actinobacteria (40% and 37% of the total reads, respectively). The occurrence of Deinococcus‐Thermus, Armatimonadetes, Chloroflexi in the epipelagic SAS waters was less anticipated. Surprising was also the detection of sequences, which are characteristic for strict anaerobes—Ignavibacteria, hydrogen‐oxidizing bacteria, and archaeal methanogenic species. We suppose that the observed very broad range of phylogenetic and ecological features displayed by the SAS reads demonstrates a more intensive mixing of water masses originating from diverse ecological niches of the Aral‐Syr Darya River basin than presumed before.
Targeting phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase gamma (PI3Kγ): Discovery and development of its selective inhibitors
Authors: Zhu Jingyu , Li Kan , Yu Li , Chen Yun , Cai Yanfei , Jin Jian , Hou Tingjun
Published: December 2020

Phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase gamma (PI3Kγ) has been regarded as a promising drug target for the treatment of advanced solid tumors, leukemia, lymphoma, and inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, the high level of structural conservation among the members of the PI3K family and the diverse physiological roles of Class I PI3K isoforms (α, β, δ, and γ) highlight the importance of isoform selectivity in the development of PI3Kγ inhibitors. In this review, we provide an overview of the structural features of PI3Kγ that influence γ‐isoform selectivity and discuss the structure‐selectivity‐activity relationship of existing clinical PI3Kγ inhibitors. Additionally, we summarize the experimental and computational techniques utilized to identify PI3Kγ inhibitors. The insights gained so far could be used to overcome the main challenges in development and accelerate the discovery of PI3Kγ‐selective inhibitors.
The role of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 in tumor immune evasion
Authors: You Li , Wu Wenda , Wang Xu , Fang Liurong , Adam Vojtech , Nepovimova Eugenie , Wu Qinghua , Kuca Kamil
Published: December 2020

Hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 (HIF‐1) plays an indispensable role in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Hypoxia and HIF‐1 are involved in multiple aspects of tumor progression, such as metastasis, angiogenesis, and immune evasion. In innate and adaptive immune systems, malignant tumor cells avoid their recognition and destruction by HIF‐1. Tumor immune evasion allows cancer cells to proliferate and metastasize and is associated with immunotherapy failure and chemoresistance. In the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, HIF‐1 signaling suppresses the innate and adaptive immune systems to evade immune attack by inducing the expression of immunosuppressive factors and immune checkpoint molecules, including vascular endothelial growth factor, prostaglandin E2, and programmed death‐ligand 1/programmed death‐1. Moreover, HIF‐1 blocks tumor‐associated antigen presentation via major histocompatibility complex class I chain‐related/natural killer group 2, member D signaling. Tumor‐associated autophagy and the release of tumor‐derived exosomes contribute to HIF‐1‐mediated immune evasion. This review focuses on recent findings on the potential mechanism(s) underlying the effect of hypoxia and HIF‐1 signaling on tumor immune evasion in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. The effects of HIF‐1 on immune checkpoint molecules, immunosuppressive molecules, autophagy, and exosomes have been described. Additionally, the potential role of HIF‐1 in the regulation of tumor‐derived exosomes, as well as the roles of HIF‐1 and exosomes in tumor evasion, are discussed. This study will contribute to our understanding of HIF‐1‐mediated tumor immune evasion, leading to the development of effective HIF‐1‐targeting drugs and immunotherapies.
Association of pelvic floor function with postoperative urinary incontinence in cervical cancer patients after the radical hysterectomy
Authors: Wang Shiyan , Wang Runzhi , Wen Hongwu , Gao Yunong , Lv Qiubo , Li Hongyu , Wang Sumei , Wang Yanlong , Liu Qing , Han Jinsong , Wang Haibo , Li Yi , Wang Qing , Cao Tingting , Wang Sha , Sun Huaxin , Wang Zhiqi , Sun Xiuli , Wang Jianliu
Published: December 2020

Aims

To assess the pelvic floor function in cervical cancer patients after radical hysterectomy and its relationship with urinary incontinence (UI).

Methods

Cervical cancer patients who underwent radical hysterectomy were recruited from 18 hospitals in China from January 2012 to March 2015. Pelvic floor examinations were conducted by measuring the pelvic floor muscle strength, fatigue of pelvic floor muscle fatigue, dynamic pressure of vaginal, nerve injury, A3 feedback, muscle potential, static tension, and dynamic tension. Postoperative urinary incontinence (UI) was identified using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association of pelvic floor function examination results with postoperative UI.

Results

Totally 169 patients were included in this study. The prevalence of UI was 39.6% (67/169). The proportion of abnormal fatigue of Type I muscle (64% vs. 36%, p = .04) and abnormal A3 feedback (53.9% vs. 46.1%, p = .03) were higher among patients with postoperative UI compared to those without UI. In the multivariable analysis, abnormal fatigue of Type I muscle (odds ratio [OR] = 3.73, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.42–9.84), abnormal A3 feedback (OR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.04–5.51), and length of resected vagina > 3 cm (OR = 3.44, 95% CI: 1.27–9.31) were associated with postoperative UI. Compared to laparoscopy, laparotomy was less likely to cause postoperative UI (OR = 0.12, 95% CI:0.04–0.33).

Conclusions

The abnormal function of the pelvic floor muscle is related to postoperative UI. Early assessment among these patients is needed to prevent the development of pelvic floor disorder postoperatively.
OnabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity in children
Authors: Austin Paul F. , Franco Israel , Dobremez Eric , Kroll Pawel , Titanji Wilson , Geib Till , Jenkins Brenda , Hoebeke Piet B.
Published: December 2020

Aims

This study evaluated whether one (or more) of three doses of onabotulinumtoxinA were safe and effective to treat neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) in children.

Methods

This was a 48‐week prospective, multicenter, randomized, double‐blind study in children (aged 5–17 years) with NDO and urinary incontinence (UI) receiving one onabotulinumtoxinA treatment (50, 100, or 200 U; not to exceed 6 U/kg). Primary endpoint: change from baseline in daytime UI episodes. Secondary endpoints: change from baseline in urine volume at first morning catheterization, urodynamic measures, and positive response on the treatment benefit scale. Safety was also assessed.

Results

There was a similar reduction in urinary incontinence from baseline to Week 6 for all doses (−1.3 episodes/day). Most patients reported positive responses on the treatment benefit scale (75.0%−80.5%). From baseline to Week 6, increases were observed in urine volume at first morning clean intermittent catheterization (50 U, 21.9 ml; 100 U, 34.9 ml; 200 U, 87.5 ml; p = 0.0055, 200 U vs. 50 U) and in maximum cystometric capacity (range 48.6−63.6 ml) and decreases in maximum detrusor pressure during the storage phase (50 U, −12.9; 100 U, −20.1; 200 U, −27.3 cmH2O; p = 0.0157, 200 U vs. 50 U). The proportion of patients experiencing involuntary detrusor contractions dropped from baseline (50 U, 94.4%; 100 U, 88.1%; 200 U, 92.6%) to Week 6 (50 U, 61.8%; 100 U, 44.7%; 200 U, 46.4%). Safety was similar across doses; urinary tract infection was most frequent.

Conclusions

OnabotulinumtoxinA was well tolerated and effective for the treatment of NDO in children; 200 U showed greater efficacy in reducing bladder pressure and increasing bladder capacity.
Predictive value of classification systems and single fistula‐related factors in surgical management of vesicovaginal fistula
Authors: Streit–Ciećkiewicz Dominika , Nowakowski Łukasz , Grzybowska Magdalena E. , Futyma Konrad
Published: December 2020

Aims

The aim of this study was to find the most clinically useful vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) classification system or single fistula‐related factor, which would be helpful in determining the most proper management leading to successful treatment.

Methods

Between 2018 and 2020, 30 patients were diagnosed with VVF and underwent the Latzko procedure. Nineteen patients, after previously failed surgery, were injected with platelet‐rich‐plasma (PRP) before a final attempt to close VVF. Patients with primary VVF were included into the surgery only group and patients with secondary VVF were included into PRP and surgery group. Each patient was classified according to 13 different classification systems.

Results

Statistical evaluation revealed some significant differences between the patients who required PRP injection and repeated surgery, compared with patients who were successfully treated at first surgery but only with Lawson, Waaldijk, Arrowsmith, and Tafesse classifications. Patients who succeded with the fistula closure after the first surgical procedure had significantly higher body mass index (BMI) when compared with patients who required PRP injection prior surgical procedure (30.9 vs. 25.7, respectively; p < .05).

Conclusions

None of the classification systems allows to precisely predict VVF surgery outcome. There are several factors such as previous surgery, lack of urethral involvement, lack of circumferential defect which might suggest that PRP injection would help to preserve watertightness of the closure. The most important finding is that overweight is the most positive predicting demographic feature of surgical success. Thus we may conclude that Martius flap technique should be taken into consideration in patients with low BMI.
Computational examination of Casson nanofluid due to a non‐linear stretching sheet subjected to particle shape factor: Tiwari and Das model
Authors: Jamshed Wasim , Kumar Vivek , Kumar Vikash
Published: December 2020

In this research, heat transfer along with entropy of an unsteady non‐Newtonian Casson nanofluid flow is studied. The fluid is positioned over a stretched flat surface moving non‐uniformly. The nanofluid is analyzed for its flow and heat transport properties by subjecting it to a slippery surface, which is convectively heated. The governing mathematical equations describing the physical characteristics of Casson nanofluid flow as well as heat transfer models are abridged under boundary layer flow assumptions and Roseland approximations. Governing equations of flow problem are formulated in partial differential equations. A computative technique, Keller box accustomed to find the self‐similar solution of equations that converted into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by using proper transformations. Two different classes of nanofluids, copper‐methanol (Cu–MeOH) and titanium‐methanol (TiO2–MeOH) are considered for our analysis. Significant results of various parameters in flow, heat, skin friction, Nusselt number and entropy analysis are elaborate graphically. The remarkable finding of this work is that the Cu–MeOH nanofluid is better transfer source as compared to TiO2–MeOH nanofluid.
Numerical investigations onCOVID‐19 model through singular and non‐singular fractional operators
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Chauhan R. P. , Momani Shaher , Hadid Samir
Published: December 2020

Nowadays, the complete world is suffering from untreated infectious epidemic disease COVID‐19 due to coronavirus, which is a very dangerous and deadly viral infection. So, the major desire of this task is to propose some new mathematical models for the coronavirus pandemic (COVID‐19) outbreak through fractional derivatives. The adoption of modified mathematical techniques and some basic explanation in this research field will have a strong effect on progressive society fitness by controlling some diseases. The main objective of this work is to investigate the dynamics and numerical approximations for the recommended arbitrary‐order coronavirus disease system. This system illustrating the probability of spread within a given general population. In this work, we considered a system of a novel COVID‐19 with the three various arbitrary‐order derivative operators: Caputo derivative having the power law, Caputo–Fabrizio derivative having exponential decay law and Atangana–Baleanu‐derivative with generalized Mittag–Leffler function. The existence and uniqueness of the arbitrary‐order system is investigated through fixed‐point theory. We investigate the numerical solutions of the non‐linear arbitrary‐order COVID‐19 system with three various numerical techniques. For study, the impact of arbitrary‐order on the behavior of dynamics the numerical simulation is presented for distinct values of the arbitrary powerβ.
Directed Electron Transfer in Flavin Peptides with Oligoproline‐Type Helical Conformation as Models for Flavin‐Functional Proteins
Authors: Wörner Samantha , Leier Julia , Michenfelder Nadine C. , Unterreiner Andreas‐Neil , Wagenknecht Hans‐Achim
Published: December 2020

To mimic the charge separation in functional proteins we studied flavin‐modified peptides as models. They were synthesized as oligoprolines that typically form a polyproline type‐II helix, because this secondary structure supports the electron transfer properties. We placed the flavin as photoexcitable chromophore and electron acceptor at the N‐terminus. Tryptophans were placed as electron donors to direct the electron transfer over 0–3 intervening prolines. Spectroscopic studies revealed competitive photophysical pathways. The reference peptide without tryptophan shows dominant non‐specific ET dynamics, leading to an ion pair formation, whereas peptides with tryptophans have weak non‐specific ET and intensified directed electron transfer. By different excitation wavelengths, we can conclude that the corresponding ion pair state of flavin within the peptide environment has to be energetically located between the S1 and S4 states, whereas the directed electron transfer to tryptophan occurs directly from the S1 state. These photochemical results have fundamental significance for proteins with flavin as redoxactive cofactor.
Effect of nano‐size nodular structure induced by CNT‐promoted phase separation on the fabrication of superhydrophobic polyvinyl chloride films
Authors: Molla‐Abbasi Payam
Published: December 2020

The nonsolvent‐induced phase separation (NIPS) method was employed to fabricate the porous films based on polyvinyl chloride loaded with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The combinational addition of CNTs and a proper nonsolvent (ethanol) resulted in a porous surface layer with the nano‐size nodular structure possessing an exact superhydrophobic behavior (water contact angle [WCA] = 157° and sliding angle [SA] <5°). The size of PVC nodules at the surface layer varies in the range of 200 to 800 nm depending on the nonsolvent concentrations, and polymer molecular weight. The effects of various nonsolvent concentrations as well as PVC molecular weight on the surface properties of the films were also investigated. Morphological and roughness analyses revealed the pronounced role of PVC molecular weight on the size of nodules, and the structural uniformity of the surface morphology based on the thermodynamic parameters such as relaxation time and dynamic of polymer chains. The concurrent use of CNTs and nonsolvent led to promote the NIPS process due to the nucleating role of CNTs, which were localized within the polymer‐rich phase leading to an ultra‐fine and packed nodular surface structure. Transmission electron microscopy results also proved the very well dispersion quality of CNTs. Glass transition temperature of PVC was also assessed, and the results were correlated to the associating ability of CNTs with polymer chains during the phase separation process. Overall, the promising potential of CNT/ethanol combination on the surface porosity and hydrophobicity of PVC nanocomposite films was revealed in this study, which could further extend its application window.
Evaluation of healing models to predict the weld line strength of the amorphous thermoplastic polystyrene by injection molding simulation
Authors: Onken Jakob , Verwaayen Steffen , Hopmann Christian
Published: December 2020

In many injection molded parts weld lines are often unavoidable. These cause optical defects and a reduction of the mechanical properties of the part. Therefore, the predictability of the weld line strength at an early stage of development would provide a significant advantage by avoiding costly iterations of the mold and increases the understanding of the correlation between process history of the melt and weld line strength. For this purpose, a calculation routine has been developed to predict the weld line strength based on injection molding simulation. Different models to calculate the healing of a weld line are compared and analyzed. By adding a factor to consider the shear rate in addition to the temperature and the pressure and after calibration to one design of experiment setting of the experimental data, the prediction of the weld line strength shows good agreement for all examined process setpoints of the experimental data for polystyrene.
Implications for body weight extremes in solid organ transplantation
Authors: Campara Maya , Lourenco Laura M. , Melaragno Jennifer I. , Kaiser Tiffany E.
Published: December 2020

The pharmacokinetic profiles of medications are altered in overweight and underweight patients, but few studies have described these differences in patients with body mass index extremes. As solid organ transplant programs expand their candidate selection criteria to accommodate a growing population of patients with weight extremes, it has become imperative to understand and evaluate the impact weight extremes have on the pharmacokinetics of life‐sustaining immunosuppression in this population. This review will describe pharmacokinetic and dosing considerations for weight extremes in solid organ transplant recipients, including changes following bariatric surgeries, non‐pharmacologic and pharmacologic management strategies for weight loss and gain, and potential drug‐drug interactions with popular weight management products.
How Physician Compensation and Education Debt Affects Financial Stress and Burnout: A Survey Study of Women in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Authors: Verduzco‐Gutierrez Monica , Larson Allison R. , Capizzi Allison N. , Bean Allison C. , Zafonte Ross D. , Odonkor Charles A. , Bosques Glendaliz , Silver Julie K.
Published: December 2020

Objective

To investigate the contribution of financial stress to physician burnout and satisfaction among women physiatrists. Relationships among education debt and compensation with demographic, sociologic, and workplace factors were also assessed.

Design

This was a cross‐sectional survey study of women physicians in the field of physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) in the United States. The survey consisted of 51 questions covering demographic information (current and maximum education debt, race/ethnicity, years out of training, practice type and setting, hours worked, family structure, and domestic duties), work/life satisfaction, and burnout. The association between current/maximum debt and demographic characteristics, work/life satisfaction, and physician burnout were examined.

Results

Of the 245 U.S. women attending physiatrists who met inclusion criteria, 222 (90.6%) reported ever having education debt (median category $101 000‐150 000) and 162 (66.1%) reported current debt (median category ≤ $50 000). Of these participants, 218 (90.5%) agreed that they would have fewer burnout symptoms if they were able to do more work that is core to their professional mission and 226 (92.2%) agreed that feeling undervalued at work is linked to physiatrists’ burnout symptoms. Greater debt was seen in those who identified as Black/African American, were fewer years out of training, practiced general physiatry, and had both inpatient and outpatient responsibilities. Greater current debt had a significant relationship with measurements of work/life dissatisfaction. Burnout was associated with higher debt, lower compensation, more hours worked per week, and fewer hours of exercise performed per week.

Conclusions

This study examined women physiatrists’ perceptions of financial stress and found that greater education debt was associated with personal life dissatisfaction, career regret, and burnout. Further research is needed to address related causes and solutions.
Online options for future conferences will have an important positive impact for Early Career Researchers in pediatric pain
Authors: Hartley Caroline
Published: December 2020

The extent to which the COVID‐19 pandemic will have a negative impact on Early Career Researchers (ECRs) within the field of pediatric pain and in general is still unclear, but it is likely to be far reaching and may disproportionality affect women. Yet, there is also great opportunity to take advantage of the rapid adaptions to working life that we have all undertaken during the pandemic. In particular, continuing to have online options for conference attendance I think will have a positive impact on ECRs, and in particular female ECRs, now and in the future. Moreover, the pediatric pain research community is relatively small and highly international; by enabling wider participation in our conferences we will diversify our research output and expedite our aim of providing better treatment of pediatric pain.
Cis‐1,3,4,6‐Tetranitrooctahydroimidazo‐[4,5‐d]Imidazole (BCHMX) as a Part of Low Sensitive Compositions based on DATB or HNAB
Authors: Hussein Ahmed K. , Zeman Svatopluk , Elbeih Ahmed
Published: December 2020

A new focus in the fields of energetic materials is on preserving high performance while enhancing manipulation safety. In this work, a special type of plastic‐bonded explosive (PBX) mixture has begun to be developed by combining a new nitramine, cis‐1,3,4,6‐tetranitrooctahydroimidazo‐[4,5‐d]imidazole (BCHMX), with the thermally stable explosives 1,3‐diamino‐2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene (DATB) and 2,2’,4,4’,6,6’‐hexanitroazobenzene (HNAB) bonded by a styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) binder. The studied PBXs prepared are insensitive explosives. They have been compared with Czech plastic explosives (SEMTEX 10 and SEMTEX 1H), a new Egyptian plastic explosive (EPX‐1), a Swedish plastic explosive (Sprängdeg m/46) and with analogous PBXs, filled by 1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazinane (RDX), β‐1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocane (β‐HMX), and cis‐1,3,4,6‐tetranitrooctahydroimidazo‐[4,5‐d]imidazole (BCHMX). The individual explosives, PETN, BCHMX, β‐HMX and RDX, have been studied as well. Thermal behavior of the pure active components has been investigated. The impact and friction sensitivities have been obtained along with the measured detonation velocities. The detonation characteristics have also been calculated using the EXPLO5 code. The relationship between performance and sensitivity to mechanical impulses has been investigated. The results have shown that DATB has a significant influence on the reduction of the sensitivity of BCHMX to a level close to TNT and much lower than all the other studied plastic explosives. In addition, the new PBX based on BCHMX and DATB has higher detonation characteristics than the commercial PBXs and TNT. The influence of DATB on BCHMX is a promising topic requiring more research for its application.
Role of moist and dry air advection in the development of Mediterranean tropical‐like cyclones (medicanes)
Authors: Miglietta Mario Marcello , Carnevale Daniele , Levizzani Vincenzo , Rotunno Richard
Published: December 2020

Two tropical‐like cyclones in the Mediterranean Sea, aka medicanes, are analysed herein by means of numerical simulations. The cyclones, which were recently investigated in Miglietta and Rotunno, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 2019, 145, are reconsidered in the present study, in which we focus on their respective preconditioning phases. In particular, here we analyse how local evaporation and/or long‐range transport of air masses may precondition the environment where the Mediterranean cyclones form. Numerical simulations indicate a rather different behaviour for the two cyclones. The first medicane (December 13–15, 2005) developed over the southern Mediterranean Sea, in a region of high low‐level humidity content, which existed before the cyclone formation; the air, originally dry over the eastern Balkans and the African mainland, gained humidity during its transit over the sea surface. In contrast, the second medicane (October 6–10, 1996) strongly intensified while benefitting from the intense sea‐surface fluxes due to the outbreak of Tramontane and Cierzo winds near the Balearic Islands, where the cyclone developed. Although limited to just two case studies, these results identify two different mechanisms conducive to an environment favourable for the intensification of medicanes in the western or southern Mediterranean. In addition, the role of dry air near the cyclone core, associated with upper‐tropospheric dry intrusions, is analysed. Sensitivity experiments were performed, constraining the relative humidity in the initial and boundary conditions to values above 50%. The advantage of this strategy is the ability to change the humidity content in the dry regions without modifying the associated strong potential vorticity anomalies. For both cases, we find that the humidity increase had the effect of inducing an earlier onset of cyclone development and of producing stronger, longer‐lasting vortices.
Which precipitation forecasts to use? Deterministic versus coarser‐resolution ensemble NWP models
Authors: Zhao Pengcheng , Wang Quan J. , Wu Wenyan , Yang Qichun
Published: December 2020

Deterministic numerical weather prediction (NWP) models and ensemble NWP models are routinely run worldwide to assist weather forecasting. Deterministic forecasts are capable of capturing more detailed spatial features, while ensemble forecasts, often with a coarser resolution, have the ability to predict uncertainty in future conditions. A comparative understanding of the performance of these two types of forecasts is valuable for both users of NWP products and model developers. Past published comparisons tended to be limited in scope, for example, for only specific locations and weather events, and involving only raw forecasts. In this study, we conduct a comprehensive comparison of the performance of a deterministic model and an ensemble model of the Australian Bureau of Meteorology in forecasting daily precipitation across Australia over a period of 3 years. The deterministic model has a horizontal grid spacing of approximately 25 km, and the ensemble model 60 km. Despite the coarser resolution, the ensemble forecasts are found to be superior by a number of measures, including correlation, accuracy and reliability. This finding holds true for both raw forecasts from the NWP models and forecasts post‐processed using the recently developed seasonally coherent calibration (SCC) model. Post‐processing is shown to greatly improve the forecasts from both models; however, the improvement is greater for the deterministic model, narrowing the performance gap between the two models. This study adds strong evidence to the general notion that coarser‐resolution ensemble NWP forecasts perform better than deterministic forecasts.