bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Cement Kiln Dust as Activator of Ground Granulated Blast Slag for Developing A Novel Cold Mix Asphalt
Authors: Al-Khafaji Ruqayah , Dulaimi Anmar , Sadique Monower , Aljsane Ayat
Published: March 2021

The use of Cold bitumen emulsion mixtures (CBEMs) is associated with many issues which are the high air content, low strength at early ages and requiring long curing time as well as its high water sensitivity. This research aims to develop a new cold mix asphalt to be used as a binder course by utilising waste materials. So, ground granulated blast slag (GGBS) and cement kiln dust (CKD) were used as fillers in a polymer modified emulsion. GGBS was incorporated to replace the traditional fillers (limestone dust), meanwhile, CKD was used as an activator. Indirect tensile stiffness modulus (ITSM) was used to examine the mechanical characteristics and water sensitivity was measured via the stiffness modulus ratio (SMR). Meanwhile, the microstructure of the specimens was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated significant improvement in the mechanical properties as well as the water sensitivity with the incorporation of GGBS and CKD. These enhancements were confirmed by SEM which attributed that to the formation of hydration products at the early ages of specimens.
Effect of Polymer on the Properties of Bitumen and Pavement Layers, Case Study: Expressway No.1, Republic of Iraq
Authors: Badry Mohamed MM. , Dulaimi Anmar , Shanbara Hayder Kamil , Al-Busaltan Shakir , Abdel-Wahed Talaat
Published: March 2021

Increasing attention has been paid to use polymer as a modifier in bituminous mixtures manufacturing. Unmodified bituminous mixtures are highly affected by the undesirable environmental conditions at which such mixtures present brittle behaviour and crack at cold weather, whereas present soft behaviour at elevated temperatures resulting in rutting and surface deformation. As a result of bituminous mixtures modification using polymers, more elastic and durable bituminous materials that show developed stability at high temperatures can be obtained. In this present study, using 4% polymer with bitumen grade of 40/50 leads to improve bitumen properties such as viscosity, penetration, flash point, softening point, dynamic shear and creep stiffness. The results of investigation samples which were cutting from pavement show improvement of these pavement properties according to results of tests at site lab and independent lab. The use of polymer in design mixture of asphalt help in improving pavement properties which lead to the successful road and increases the age of pavements and become more resistant to hard conditions such as high temperature in the middle east region.
Ways to Activate Urban Transport to Achieve Urban Sustainability
Authors: Jasim Ihsan Abbas , Farhan Sabeeh Lafta , Hasan Haider Majid
Published: March 2021

The past few decades have witnessed a significant increase in the number of cars at the expense of public transport, as a result of the economic development in cities, which was accompanied by the possibility of buying a private car on the one hand and the expansion and spread of the city on the other hand. Although public transportation is so important, it cannot be the only alternative in transportation.

The research idea referred to achieving urban sustainability by increasing accessibility opportunities through activating the role of public transport and reducing the use of private cars to a minimum. Urban sustainability can be achieved in several ways, and the research assumes that one of these ways lies in activating the role of public transport in cities. The research tries to shed light on the role of direct public transportation in urban development. The research relied on its methodology on the statistical indicators and evidence contained in international scientific studies in this field. The research confirmed his hypothesis that transport has a very positive impact on achieving urban sustainability. Therefore, the role of public transport must be activated and opportunities for its success must be provided.
Purification and activation of the Iraqi bentonite for edible oil Production
Authors: Alamery Hameed R D , Ahmed Saad A
Published: March 2021

Samples of Iraqi bentonitic sediments, representing local montmorillonite brought from Traifawi region near the Syrian border. Mineralogical the samples were characterized as low grade of Ca-smectite, particle size, chemical analysis, XRD, and BET surface area analyses of the samples were carried out to examine the structure of bentonite before and after acid activation. The goal is to prepare a bleaching earth for edible oil production. Iraqi Bentonite was beneficiated and activated by series of physical and chemical steps, using 4N & 6N concentration of hydrochloric acid and at a temperature of 70-80 ° C. Surface area and pore volume of the samples were determined to assess the bleaching power of the activated bentonite. The chemical composition of the bentonite improve after remove Calcite phase was disappeared, reduced Iron oxide percentage with Increasing the concentration of hydrochloric acid and the treatment time lead to the growth of Smectite phase and change the structural of bentonite which noticed by improve of surface area from 58.93 to 206.62 m2g−1.
Evaluation of GPR Detection for buried objects material with different depths and scanning angles
Authors: Alshamy Hussain M. , Abdul Sadah Jafar W. , Saeed Thamir R. , Mohammed Shaymaa A. , Hatem Ghufran M. , Gatan Assel H.
Published: March 2021

A Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is considered an efficient non-destructive device for detecting the buried object. The GPR operation is based on the analysis of the received scattered of the transmitted signal. Its output is the two-dimensional image radiogram hyperbolic curve, this image represents the reflected signal of the buried object. To date, studies investigating targets (buried objects) have produced equivocal results. Therefore, this paper highlights the importance of the effect of changing target-detection parameters (material type, target to surface distance, size, and scan to target location angle) concerning the hyperbolic curve on the GPR experiment image. A practical model has been built for this experiment with three material types (metal, plastic, and pottery) that are buried in the sand soil. Three tests have been done for different types of material, in the different depth for each buried object of the same material. Then, changing the size of the buried object (small and big size), also, changing the location angle of the buried objects concerning the direction of the GPR scan. For these tests, the effect on the hyperbolic curve has been recognized. A MALA 1 GHz geophysical GPR system is used in these experiments. As a result, the strength of the reflected EMW changes concerning the type of material, size, depth, and location angle of the buried object.
The Impact of Using Different Ratios of Latex Rubber on the Characteristics of Mortars Made with GGBS and Portland Cement
Authors: Al-Khafaji Zainab S. , Falah Mayadah W. , Shubbar Ali A. , Nasr Mohammed Salah , Al-Mamoori Shahad F. , Alkhayyat Ahmed , Al-Rifaie Ali , Eissa Abdulhadi , Al-Mufti Rafal Latif , Hashim Khalid
Published: March 2021

Preserving natural resources and implementing the concepts of sustainable engineering to approach the zero waste concept helped in reducing the detrimental environmental effects in the last two-decade. Proposed re-using of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) as an alternate solution is to get rid of them and profit from them concurrently. In this process, GGBS is used as cement substitute material to enhance mortar characteristics. On the other hand, the required water for concrete mixture should be characterized by several characters, which similar to drinkable water, therefore, using of Latex Rubber as a water substitution reduces the demand for such water in the construction industry. In this project, percentages of GGBS that have been used were 0%, 10%, 30%, and 50% which compatible with (0, 10, 20 and 30) % of Latex Rubber. Suitable tests were performed to measure properties of mortar by GGBS and Latex Rubber such as setting time, compressive strength and Permeability test (Electrical resistivity). The results obtained indicate that the setting time reduced with increasing Rubber Latex in spite of increasing the proportion of water to binder. Additionally, increasing the Latex Rubber amount leads to decrease the compressive strength and electrical resistivity of mortars.
Encryption and Decryption of Images using GGH Algorithm: Proposed
Authors: Kadhim Qusay Kanaan , Al-Nedawe Basman M. , Hameed Emad Majeed
Published: March 2021

Images are considered as important data used in many fields such as military operations, medical imaging, and astronomy researches. For sending images through an insecure network, it is necessary to develop a secure encryption algorithm when transmitting the images. Three main properties of security services (i.e., confidentiality, integrity, and availability), the confidentiality is the most essential feature for exchanging images. The Goldreich Goldwasser Halevi (GGH) algorithm can be a good method for encrypting images as both the algorithm and sensitive data are represented in numeric matrices. Additionally, the GGH algorithm does not increase the size of the image. However, one of the disadvantages of using the GGH algorithm is the attacking of GGH cryptosystem mainly relied on special properties of the lattice generated. This shortcoming of GGH algorithm has been taken to proposed lattice reduction algorithms. A lattice basis reduction algorithm to get a better basis which is used into encryption and decryption approach.
Time Domain Pilot-Based Channel Estimation (TDPCE) Using Kalman Filtering for OFDM System
Authors: Abbood Huda A , Khazal Hasan F , Jamel Thamer M
Published: March 2021

This work involves using the OFDM technique with the Time domain pilot-based channel estimation (TDPCE) to mitigate the effects of severe channel conditions such as fast and selective fading Raleigh channel with maximum Doppler shift equal to (120 Hz). The propose method has good robust performance, as compared to frequency domain channel estimation approaches.

This method is based on comb pilot and Kalman filtering adaptive algorithm. Three digital modulation techniques including Quadrature Amplitude Modulation QAM 16, 32, and 64 were used in the OFDM transmitter with Rayleigh fading multipath channel. The OFDM performance was evaluated by measuring the bit error rate (BER) and the mean square deviation (MSD). Through simulation results, the (BER) has reached (0.0004, 0.004, and 0.01) when (Eb/No) is equal to (12 dB) using QAM 16, 32, and 64, respectively. Also, the convergence rate has almost reached (50, 50, and 125) iterations for the aforementioned QAM’s. These results can be taken into consideration as acceptable results in this paper compared to other results in the presence of severe conditions, where the value of maximum Doppler shift parameter of Rayleigh multipath fading channel is (120 Hz) or the user is available in a moving position.
Performance of Sills on Stilling Basin of Barrage with Various Open Gates
Authors: Shamkhi Mohammed S , Neama Nateq M , Qais Haider
Published: March 2021

This research aimed to investigate safeguarding the hydraulic structures. In the barrage model, the performance of continuous sills with different cases of open gates was investigated experimentally in the laboratory. The experimental works are implemented in laboratory of technical institute of Kut. There are several closed gates and how symmetry and asymmetry with different discharges and sills arrangements are carried out. The results were recorded and analysed. The discussion has illustrated the impact of sills in confining the hydraulic jumps in the stilling basin’s paved region and reducing the near-bed velocity that cooperates in reduction the scouring case near the stilling basin.
Indicators of Spatial Dominance of the Potential of Transformation in the Urban Hierarchy: A Comparative Analysis of Musayyib and Suwayrah in Iraq
Authors: Al–Khafaji Rashaa Malik Musa
Published: March 2021

The spatial dimension is the basis of the process of identifying the common interests and objectives of the parties involved in the planning process and it carries the flexibility to determine decisions related to economic and social development. The city is an integrated representation to the essence of spatial dimension. It is a purely social phenomenon and a state of interaction between human groups within economic and cultural dimensions. Cities are developed by human interaction, transportation, and communication; which is one of the means of this interaction that contribute to the growth of the urban center. Cities divided according to the functional classification often based on the existence and operation of primary, secondary and tertiary economic activities. The growth of cities developed by human interaction within economic and cultural dimensions. The current research suggests that the mechanism by which the change of the administrative unit approved are limited to the same bases used in determining the city rankings (including the transfer of the administrative ranks from districts to governorates in Iraq, especially a mechanism that does not provide an integrated view of spatial dimensions). This research aims to study the concept of urban transformation in the urban structure in an integrated manner according to the functional relations and its spatial implications with the two attributes of spatial dominance, and the urban hierarchy of cities within the urban system. The theoretical framework indicators were applied to the cities of Musayyib and Suwayrah in Iraq. The main conclusion of the study is that transforming these cities to a higher administrative rank does not change the hierarchical disparities along the country level while serving the city as a dominating city within its regional scope.
Generative Urban Design Concepts and Methods: A Research Review
Authors: Qeisi S Al , Al-Alwan H
Published: March 2021

Generative design is a fast-growing design approach that is both important and pervasive. This approach has developed after the great digital revolution in the last few decades, especially during the first two decades of the third millennium. Taking advantage of the computational capabilities of modern computers, generative design offers designers the ability to test multiple and complex alternatives by automating design processes using algorithms. The automation makes it possible to manage an ever increasing number of variables and parameters that are difficult to manage manually. This paper presents an attempt to classify the approaches of the generative urban design methodologies applied in the field today, with the aim of highlighting the gaps in the current practices. By reviewing the previous available studies that dealt with the idea of generative urban design, we find that they can be classified according to the approach they adopt in four categories: the first is the approach of deforming or distorting a basic shape proposed by the designer, the second is the approach stemming from the simulation of real urban growth, while the third is the approach of dealing with the urban form on the scale of building blocks without being concerned with the spatial network, and finally the fourth is the approach that emerges from analysing a realistic spatial structure and then proposing modifications based on the results of the analysis. From this review, the paper proposes a new approach resulting from the analysis of a realistic spatial structure to build a generic model that can be the starting point of a synthetic process to be integrated into a generative design methodology.
Estimating Environmental Damages Due to Solid Wastes’ Open Burning Using Endpoint Approach in Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Alyaseri Isam
Published: March 2021

Open burning of solid waste represents one of the most important pollution problems in developing countries. In Iraq, the lack of an integrated solid waste management program had led to a situation where the practice of open burning of solid waste becomes the common disposal method. Solid waste’s open burning is associated with high pollution problems. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is an emerging methodology to test environmental burdens associated with processes. The Southern Governorate of AlMuthanna was taken as a case study and a life cycle inventory of inputs-outputs from technical publications related to open burning of solid waste in the Governorate was conducted. The endpoint approach in LCA was able to show that an annual loss of 901 (±607) DALY in human life and 2.31 (±1.60) species in ecosystems may occur due to the open burning of solid waste in the Governorate. Climate change affecting human health, human toxicity, and particulate matter formation are the major impact categories related to solid waste’s open burning. This relatively high level of damages requires an urgent strategy to stop or reduce these damages. Increasing the portion of recycled materials and energy can highly reduce the damages and alter the burdens. Information resulted from this study can be used by environmental activists to raise pressure towards sustainable solid waste management.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation on Reinforced Concrete Slab under Low Velocity Impact Loading
Authors: Senthil K , Kubba Ziyad , Sharma R , Thakur A
Published: March 2021

The effect of out plane dynamic loading on the reinforced concrete slab is evaluated in order to estimate the impact resistance of reinforced concrete under low velocity impact loading. The experimental study is performed on M40 (f

c

′ = 48 MPa) concrete slab specimen of size (1200 × 1200 × 50) mm reinforced with 6∅ mm Fe500 bars using pendulum drop weight (60 kg) impacting the center of specimen at a drop height of 370 mm. The impact velocity is calculated using open-source software as 2.7 m/s. The experimental study is evaluated for the impact force, crack pattern and the failure mode of the specimen. The peak force was observed as 36 kN from the experiment. The finite element analysis is performed using concrete damage plasticity (CDP) model available in ABAQUS to validate the model incorporating strain rate effects to accurately predict the behavior under dynamic loading. The constitutive model incorporating strain rate effects successfully predicted the behavior under impact loading and was quite beneficial contrary to the tedious experimental procedures. Overall, the results thus obtained from the finite element analysis found to be closely matching with the experimental results.
Modelling of flow pattern in an open channel with sidewall obstruction
Authors: Mulahasan S , Al-Osmy S , Alhashimi S
Published: March 2021

To predict flow pattern of shallow obstructed open channel flows, laboratory experiments of flow around a vertical emergent sidewall abutment (lateral constriction) in an open channel flow is simulated numerically and results of water surface and vertical profile of velocity are compared with the numerical results. The turbulence kinetic energy at the separation zone and bed shear stresses are also investigated. A computational fluid dynamic (CFD) numerical tool and volume of fluid (VOF) were used to predict water surface profiles. Results showed a very good agreement between the numerical and the experimental results of the water surface profiles. The numerical findings highlighted an increase in the velocity around the structure of two times the average flow velocity. The maximum pressure was observed in front of the constriction increases with increasing discharges. The vertical velocity profiles upstream the sidewall abutment at the three selected locations showed reasonable results. The maximum turbulence kinetic energy is shown at the zone of separation when the flow passes around the nose with high velocity. In this research, numerically it was found that the estimated bed shear stresses are 2-3 times the mean bed-shear stress of incoming flow. While, previous researchers finding showed a maximum value of bed shear stress near the leading edge 3.63 to 5 times the bed shear stress of the incoming flow. Because of the wide rang variation in calculating bed shear stresses by the previous researchers, so our research aims to calculate it using CFD and compare it with others. Also, dynamics of the flow around the obstacle was considered in this research under uniform flow conditions for an aspect ratio ranged 5 to 10.
An efficient multistage CBIR based on Squared Krawtchouk-Tchebichef polynomials
Authors: Hameed Ibtihaal M. , Abdulhussain Sadiq H.
Published: March 2021

Image databases are increasing exponentially because of rapid developments in social networking and digital technologies. To search these databases, an efficient search technique is required. CBIR is considered one of these techniques. This paper presents a multistage CBIR to address the computational cost issues while reasonably preserving accuracy. In the presented work, the first stage acts as a filter that passes images to the next stage based on SKTP, which is the first time used in the CBIR domain. While in the second stage, LBP and Canny edge detectors are employed for extracting texture and shape features from the query image and images in the newly constructed database. The proposed CBIR was tested against existing algorithms on well-known database (Wang’s database), where Manhattan distance is used as a similarity metric. The improvement ratio in terms of computation time between the proposed system and existing system achieves 73.99%, which is considered a promising result.
Behavior of FRP sheet-concrete bond in high strength concrete samples
Authors: Hilal Ali Oday , Hamoody Ahid Zuhair , Saadoon Ahmed Sagban
Published: March 2021

The main goal of the present work is to investigate the effect of concrete compressive strength on the behavior of FRP sheet-concrete bond. For this purpose, a model of single shear test was selected and modeled using ANSYS program to study the “FRP-concrete bond”. The formulated model was used in the analysis process and it gave results of good correspond with the available actual test results. It was found that the increasing in concrete strength leads to increasing in the bond capacity and the greater concrete strength the better utility of the FRP sheet. All studied models were failed in the same way by debonding the FRP sheet due to concrete failure.
Open Field Temperature and Strain Records of a Concrete-Steel Composite Beam
Authors: Mussa Faten I. , Abid Sallal R. , Tayşi Nildem
Published: March 2021

Open field structures, like bridges, are loaded with the typical static, moving and dynamic loads in addition to the open-field thermal loads. These loads include the time-dependent changing of solar radiation and air temperature in addition to the speed of this air. Due to the importance of bridge structures and their high construction costs and long planned life spans, special focus are given to the thermal response of these structures in bridge design codes. With the advances of construction technologies and the use of new composite materials and configurations, updates in code specifications become required, which make the researches in this field of a vital and continuous need. An experimental concrete-steel composite beam with special configuration was cast and installed in an open field. Several temperature and strain sensors in addition to metrological sensors were used to observe its long-term thermal response. The presented experimental records can be helpful for a better understanding of the thermal behavior of such configuration of composite beams under open-field thermal loads. Along two-month cold-season measurements, a maximum temperature difference, within the beam body, of 13.3 °C was recorded, with maximum net tensile and compression thermal strains of 40 and 110 micro-strains
Development and classification of flood hazard map using 2D hydraulic model
Authors: Mahdi Tabarak W , Hillo Ali N , Abdul-Sahib Ali A
Published: March 2021

A flood happens when water floods wet land. In Iraq, there have been floods several times in the Tigris River, but the flood in 2019 was one of the major events that have greatly affected Maysan city. This paper shows the study of Maysan’s extreme flood with hydraulic models. HEC-RAS two dimensional has been utilized to model the action of the study area from the downstream of Kut Barrage to Al-Musandaq escape, at the Tigris River. The model includes descriptions of simulated temporal parameters such as water depth and flow velocity. HEC-RAS Validation of simulated flood outcomes was done by correlation coefficient (r) Equation Between simulated and observed data, where the coefficient of r for calibrating the Tigris River and the Al-Musandaq escape was 0.995 and 0.991 in an appropriate range, respectively. The validation results demonstrated that the HEC-RAS model performance is highly efficient and can be implemented for design and production by hydrologists or water resources engineers.
Effect of rotational speed and tool pin profile on the corrosion rate of friction stir welded AA6061-T3
Authors: Abbas Waseem S , Alali Muhaed , Salim J A
Published: March 2021

In this study, the corrosion behaviour of friction stir welding (FSW) of AA6061-T3 alloy was investigated. The FSW was performed under two different rotation speed (850 and 950 rpm) and constant travelling speed (22 mm/min). Two tool pin profiles (straight cylindrical and conical types) were utilised to study their impact on corrosion resistance. The corrosion behaviour of the base metal (BM) and weld zone were studied by Tafel polarisation cell using 3.5wt.% NaCl and 3.5wt.% KCl solutions at ambient temperature. The results showed that the welded alloy exhibits lower corrosion resistance than the BM. Lower rotational speed (850 rpm) produced weld with higher corrosion resistance in both NaCl and KCl media. Conical tool pin profile produced weld with corrosion resistance higher than the straight cylinder pin in both NaCl and KCl media. NaCl recorded higher corrosion rate with almost twice of the KCl for all welding conditions.
Secure-Reliable Blockchain-Based Data Access Control and Data Integrity Framework in The Environment of Smart City
Authors: Varfolomeev Alexander A. , Alfarhani Liwa H. , Oleiwi Zahraa Ch.
Published: March 2021

The most important concern of smart cities and electronic governments that provide their services through smart applications and modern technology is security, reliability and privacy management. Therefore, it has become an effective research area. The open access environment that the Smart City idea offers suffers from the issue of data access and integrity rights. Encryption, Sequence Detection, and other traditional techniques may be somewhat unable to maintain the required level of security. In this paper, we suggest a practical framework based on blockchain technology and how its positive advantages will be reflected to provide a secure, reliable, integrity and controlled data access system. The main idea presented by the research is to manage access rights and protect privacy according to blockchain strategies. The analytical results showed a high level of protection, decentralization and reliability of the proposal based on blockchain technology and its advantages.
Response Surface Modeling of Arsenic Adsorption by Modified Spent Tea Leaves
Authors: Dakhil Ihsan H. , Naser Ghazi F. , Ali Ahmed H.
Published: March 2021

Arsenic (V) is represented as a very toxic compound, hence the importance of this research is concerned to reduce AS (V) from contaminated water before emitting it into river water by using modified spent tea leaves MSTL. The effect of arsenic initial concentration (10-100) mg.L−1, the mass of MSTL (0.1-0.6) g.L−1, pH (2-10), and mixing time (10-110) min were studies to obtain a mathematical model which describes the arsenic adsorption on MSTL using response surface methodology. The higher adsorption capacity has been conducted at 40 ppm of initial concentration, 0.5 g.L−1of MSTL, pH=4, and 70 min of mixing time. The maximum removal efficiency and adsorption capacity were 87% and 69.8 mg/g, respectively. The optimum experimental results were analyzed isothermally and they were found fitted in high accuracy with Langmuir isotherm models.
Using audio noise for generating random key stream
Authors: Odhaib Auda Raheemah
Published: March 2021

Steam ciphers systems are widely used in cryptography applications due to low possibility of propagating errors, ease of implementation and high processing speed. A stream cipher is an encryption process where random binary stream keys combine with the plaintext to produce cipher text. The stream cipher systems encrypt bits of plaintext individually by adding bits from a key stream to plaintext bits. The security of a cipher text fully depends on the key stream. Therefore, generating a long unpredictable sequence of binary bits used as the encryption key is the main topic in stream cipher systems. This paper focuses on generating a stream of binary keys using audio noise and subjected the generated keys to several local randomness tests such as; frequency test, serial test, Poker test and Autocorrelation test. The randomness tests show that the generated keys contain good statistical characteristics and high security makes them suitable to be used in stream cipher systems.
Optimization of Performance and Emission Responses for a CIE Run by Meoh/Biodiesel/Diesel Blends Utilizing Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Maki Duraid F , Yasiry Ahmed Sh , Shahad Haroun A K
Published: March 2021

The response surface methodology - central composite design matrix (RSM-CCD) is applied to make experiment design and response optimization for CIE engine fulled by different methanol-biodiesel-diesel blending ratios. The 5% biodiesel has enhanced methanol-diesel miscibility by about twelve folds. A full factorial design is employed to build the experimental tests of the performance and exhaust emissions for CIE run by methanol/biodiesel/diesel fuel. The statistical tests are used to check the significance of models by p-value test, adeq. Precision test, Predicted R2, and adjusted R2. With a maximum error of 6%, models of the BTE, CO, UHC, CO2, and NOX are showed a good agreement between predicted and experimental results. The optimization indicated that engine load is a master input factor affecting the responses.
Water Sorption and Solubility of Light-Cured Dental Composites Prepared from Two Different Types of Matrix Monomers
Authors: Ghazi Israa F , Oleiwi Jawad K , Salih Sihama I , Mutar Mohammed A
Published: March 2021

Two groups of resins reinforced by different ratios of nano-hydroxyapatite were used to produce the novel dental composite, with the main purpose of measuring the water sorption (WS) and solubility (SO) of the prepared nanocomposites. Ten experimental specimens were prepared in disk-shaped with and without filler materials, in two groups, each group was classified according to filler contents (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4) wt. % of nano-hydroxyapatite. Each specimen was stored for 7 days in water, proceeding to measure the mass of each specimen. After drying process, the specimen masses were determined. Then WS and SO were calculated from these determinations. The results showed that values of water sorption after 1 week for group A composite and group B composite ranged (9.66 to 13.07 mg/mm3) and (5.11 to 8.52) mg/mm3, respectively, while solubility was (2.97 to 3.25) mg/mm3 for group A and (1.83 to 2.26 mg/mm3)for the composites specimens of group B, respectively. For composite with different filler contents the results showed a high filler contents of 4% for each group with high value of water sorption (WS) and solubility (SO). It could be concluded that the percentage of sorption and solubility of composite based on acrylic and amide were significantly lower than that based on acrylate.
Analysis of automatic control structure of transfer pipeline stations on reclamation channels
Authors: Ali M S , Beglyarov D S , Nazarkin E E , Korchevskaya Yu V , Trotsenko I A
Published: March 2021

Hydro-reclamation system operation management comes down to the management of pumping stations and dams. Transfer pumping stations are one of the most complex, critical and energy-rich local management objects on the channels of irrigation and drainage systems. These stations are complex aggregates of hydromechanical and electrical equipment, whose optimization can be rather significant, and are important elements determining the quality of a hydro-reclamation system as a whole. The main function of the automatic control system for transfer pumping stations is providing solutions on the optimal way to compensate for mismatches arising in the system “channel-transfer pumping station” and finding the best way to compensate for these mismatches with the available means. The first problem is hydrodynamic and is solved by studying a mathematical model of the pool, coupled with a transfer pumping station. The solution of the second problem is associated with regarding the technical characteristics and condition of the equipment of the transfer pumping station and the permissible operating modes of the channel. The article discusses one of the methods for determining the mismatch in the system “channel-transfer pumping station”, which contributes to building economical and efficient control systems for transfer pumping stations.
Problems and prospects of using mobile devices when performing operational monitoring of water supply structures
Authors: Bandurin M A , Yurchenko I F , Bandurina I P , Bandurin A P
Published: March 2021

This article presents the results of work on a mobile device for conducting operational monitoring of the technical condition of water supply structures, designed to determine various parameters of defects and damages, as well as calculate the projected remaining life of their elements. The modern development of mobile devices, network computer technologies, cellular communication and mathematical methods opens up new prospects in the automation of operational monitoring of water supply structures. The technical part of the mobile device for conducting operational monitoring includes various technical schemes of frames for each water supply structure separately. It can be used for conducting operational monitoring of the technical condition and determining the remaining life of the protective coating of water supply channels and soils under them, identifying dangerous defects and damages, as well as evaluating and predicting its technical condition and further suitability for operation. The technical result achieved by this mobile device is to identify the influence of defects and damages, both of the protective coating itself and the condition of the soil located under it, on the formation of decompressions and subsidence at an early stage of their formation. The mobile device is developed using the Data Mining database management system and Microsoft Access. The use of a mobile device makes it possible to improve the quality of operational monitoring of water supply channels due to the fact that the survey is carried out over the entire cross-section of the water supply channel for defects, damages, decompression and subsidence of the soil under the structure by non-destructive testing methods. And the presence of a vehicle that transports the complex allows you to speed up significantly the survey of water supply channels.
Development of a methodology for automated control of the reliability indicators of the designed roads in the framework of the program-targeted approach
Authors: Bazhanov A P , Shamanov R S
Published: March 2021

At present, the reliability of domestic roads in terms of their main indicators is significantly inferior to the reference indicators of the reliability of roads in advanced world countries. In this regard, in the field of modern road construction in the country, the task arises of strengthening the requirements for the reliability indicators of domestic roads and the transition from passive methods of ensuring these indicators to active methods of managing the reliability indicators of the country’s roads at the stages of their design and stages of construction, reconstruction, overhaul, repair and maintenance. The work proposes a new program-targeted approach based on a functional model for managing the reliability indicators of roads, based on the implementation of procedures for forecasting, planning, rationing, accounting, control, analysis, regulation, and feedback, which are the initial components of the process of managing these reliability indicators of the designed roads. The main advantages of the proposed functional program-target approach to the management of the reliability indicators of roads are stated, which consist of its consistency and fairly complete development of the mathematical apparatus used in it.
Principles of protection, storage and movement of documents during electronic document flow within and outside the organization
Authors: Daudov Kh A , Zinoviev A A , Gavrilova Zh L
Published: March 2021

Today, electronic document management refers to a documentation management system in which the entire array of created, transmitted and stored documents is supported using technologies on computers combined into a network structure, which provides the ability to form and maintain a distributed database.
Classification of heavy high-viscosity oils for improving the efficiency of reservoir development
Authors: Mingulov I Sh , Mukhametshin V V , Mingulov Sh G , Kuleshova L S
Published: March 2021

The article aims to study the influence of oil viscosity on its density in order to obtain a statistical dependence. The influence of oil density on the rheological behavior of the liquid was established, the boundaries of the dependences were determined and the reasons for its growth anomalies were revealed. The results were obtained by generalizing the measurement of viscosity of degassed oils from various oil and gas producing provinces of Russia. They make it possible to study the physicochemical characteristics of high viscosity oils for their effective production.
Rationale for choosing the sound-absorbing materials for the operator’s cabins of the rail-grinding machine
Authors: Nazaretov A A , Yaitskov I A , Yaitskova N M
Published: March 2021

The operation of the rail grinding machines that use noise and vibration-active parts in their structures inevitably leads to the increased levels of vibration and noise that adversely affect their operators. In this field, the specialists from different countries have carried out certain studies. However, the process of forming the vibro acoustic characteristics of the rail grinding machines has not been studied. It should be also noted that theoretical studies of the vibro acoustic dynamics of the rail grinding machines and methods for calculating the vibration and noise spectra are limited, which significantly complicates the substantiation of the engineering solutions to reduce the sound emission intensity of the dominant noise sources. Due to the negative impact of the elevated noise levels on rail grinding machine’s operators, it is necessary for the design stages with appropriate vibro acoustic characteristics that meet requirements of the sanitary standards. The main practically and technologically possible way to align noise emission level is the choice of the sound-absorbing materials and the achievement of the sound insulation, based on the fulfillment of the sanitary noise standards. The article describes the rationale for choosing the sound-absorbing materials for the operator’s cabin of the rail-grinding machine due to the reduction of the air noise component, which is more common than the structural one. A criterion for minimizing acoustic characteristics inside the operator’s cabin is determined to select the most rational engineering method of the sound absorption.
Features of information visualization in coal quarrying
Authors: Zhigalov K Yu , Turluyev R R , Druzhinina T Ya
Published: March 2021

Today, such areas as coal mining, construction of large facilities, providing enterprises with coal (crushed stone, sand, etc.) reserves, etc., face a problem of providing all employees of a coal mining company with equally understandable information. This is bound to different qualifications of the majority of employees. However, as practice shows, the meaningful use of geographic information systems requires certain skills. Based on the aforesaid, it is possible to conclude that in order to be equally able to use the same information system by different employees, its maximum visualization and simplification of the graphical user interface are required. The results of the studies made it possible to test the presentation pattern by grouping the main functions of the software.
Transmission type parallel to ship with hybrid power plant
Authors: Dobretsov R Yu , Dobretsova S B , Vasiliev A I
Published: March 2021

The kinematic scheme of a two-stream transmission is considered, which makes it possible to implement the principle of using two engines (including those using different physical principles and having different energy characteristics) and to implement the idea of design a hybrid power plant, including one adapted for operation on a driverless ship. The result of the research is the structural diagram of the transmission, the kinematic diagram of the summing gear in its composition and proposals for the implementation of the main units of the summing gear. The gearbox allows for smooth connection or disconnection of selected motors to the payload. The considered power plant combines an internal combustion engine and a traction motor. The main benefit is increased reliability through redundant motors. Improvements in efficiency are expected by ensuring consistent engine performance. The composition, the kinematic diagram, the principle of the transmission are proposed. The equations describing the kinematic and force relations in the summing gear are considered. The used method of kinematic and force analysis has been tested in the machine-building industry in relation to planetary gears as part of highly loaded transmissions of wheeled and tracked vehicles. References are given to technical solutions that make it possible to implement the proposed transmission based on the technological capabilities mastered by Russian manufacturers. The proposed scheme seems to be promising for use on ships for various purposes, including military boats, in the power plant of which a gas turbine engine is used.
Passive frequency conversion of ultraviolet images into the visible using perovskite nanocrystals
Authors: Salman Jad , Gangishetty Mahesh K , Rubio-Perez Bryan E , Feng Demeng , Yu Zhaoning , Yang Zongzhen , Wan Chenghao , Frising Michel , Shahsafi Alireza , Congreve Daniel N , Kats Mikhail A
Published: March 2021

We demonstrate a passive down-conversion imaging system that converts broadband ultraviolet light to narrow-band green light while preserving the directionality of rays, and thus enabling direct down-conversion imaging. At the same time our system has high transparency in the visible, enabling superimposed visible and ultraviolet imaging. The frequency conversion is performed by a subwavelength-thickness transparent downconverter based on highly efficient CsPbBr3nanocrystals incorporated into the focal plane of a simple telescope or relay-lens geometry. The resulting imaging performance of this down-conversion system approaches the diffraction limit. This demonstration sets the stage for the incorporation of other high-efficiency perovskite nanocrystal materials to enable passive multi-frequency conversion imaging systems.
Optical vortex beams with the infinite topological charge
Authors: Kovalev Alexey A , Kotlyar Victor V
Published: March 2021

Up to now, Gaussian optical vortices (OVs) were investigated with the finite topological charge (TC). Here, we study an OV with the infinite TC. Such OVs have a countable number of phase singularities (isolated intensity nulls), which typically have the unitary TC and are located either equidistantly or not equidistantly on a straight line in the beam transverse cross section. Such OVs are structurally stable (form-invariant) and their transverse intensity is conserved on propagation, changing only in scale and rotation. Orbital angular momentum (OAM) of such OVs is finite, since only a finite number of screw dislocations are within the Gaussian beam in the area of notable intensity, whereas the other phase singularities are in the periphery (and in the infinity), where the intensity is very small. Increasing the Gaussian beam waist radius leads to the parabolic growth of the OAM of such beams. A unique feature of these beams is that their normalized OAM can be adjusted (both increased and decreased) by simple change of the waist radius of the Gaussian beam. In addition to the two form-invariant beams, we studied a Gaussian beam with a countable number of edge dislocations (zero-intensity lines), which is not form-invariant, but, after an astigmatic transform by a cylindrical lens, also becomes an infinite-topological-charge beam.
Associations Between Everyday Discrimination and Sleep: Tests of Moderation by Ethnicity and Sense of Purpose
Authors: Hill Patrick L , Sin Nancy L , Edmonds Grant W , Burrow Anthony L
Published: March 2021

Background

Everyday discrimination holds pernicious effects across most aspects of health, including a pronounced stress response. However, work is needed on when discrimination predicts sleep outcomes, with respect to potential moderators of these associations.

Purpose

The current study sought to advance the past literature by examining the associations between everyday discrimination and sleep outcomes in an ethnically diverse sample, allowing tests of moderation by ethnic group. We also examined the role of sense of purpose, a potential resilience factor, as another moderator.

Methods

Participants in the Hawaii Longitudinal Study of Personality and Health (n = 758; 52.8% female; mage: 60 years, sd = 2.03) completed assessments for everyday discrimination, sleep duration, daytime dysfunction due to sleep, sleep quality, and sense of purpose.

Results

In the full sample, everyday discrimination was negatively associated with sleep duration, sleep quality, and sense of purpose, while positively associated with daytime dysfunction due to sleep. The associations were similar in magnitude across ethnic groups (Native Hawaiian, White/Caucasian, Japanese/Japanese-American), and were not moderated by sense of purpose, a potential resilience factor.

Conclusions

The ill-effects on health due to everyday discrimination may operate in part on its role in disrupting sleep, an issue that appears to similarly impact several groups. The current research extends these findings to underrepresented groups in the discrimination and sleep literature. Future research is needed to better disentangle the day-to-day associations between sleep and discrimination, and identify which sources of discrimination may be most problematic.