bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frog tongue surface microstructures: functional and evolutionary patterns
Authors: Kleinteich Thomas , Gorb Stanislav N
Published: June 2016

Frogs (Lissamphibia: Anura) use adhesive tongues to capture fast moving, elusive prey. For this, the tongues are moved quickly and adhere instantaneously to various prey surfaces. Recently, the functional morphology of frog tongues was discussed in context of their adhesive performance. It was suggested that the interaction between the tongue surface and the mucus coating is important for generating strong pull-off forces. However, despite the general notions about its importance for a successful contact with the prey, little is known about the surface structure of frog tongues. Previous studies focused almost exclusively on species within the Ranidae and Bufonidae, neglecting the wide diversity of frogs. Here we examined the tongue surface in nine different frog species, comprising eight different taxa, i.e., the Alytidae, Bombinatoridae, Megophryidae, Hylidae, Ceratophryidae, Ranidae, Bufonidae, and Dendrobatidae. In all species examined herein, we found fungiform and filiform papillae on the tongue surface. Further, we observed a high degree of variation among tongues in different frogs. These differences can be seen in the size and shape of the papillae, in the fine-structures on the papillae, as well as in the three-dimensional organization of subsurface tissues. Notably, the fine-structures on the filiform papillae in frogs comprise hair-like protrusions (Megophryidae and Ranidae), microridges (Bufonidae and Dendrobatidae), or can be irregularly shaped or absent as observed in the remaining taxa examined herein. Some of this variation might be related to different degrees of adhesive performance and may point to differences in the spectra of prey items between frog taxa.
Construction site safety control with medium-accuracy location data
Authors: EDREI Tsah , ISAAC Shabtai
Published: June 2016

A statistical safety control method is presented that utilizes location data from a relatively inaccurate yet cost-effective system to track workers in real time, and prevent unsafe situations at construction sites. In light of the inac­curacy of the tracking system, buffer areas are defined as statistical zones, at some distance from potential workplace hazards. Statistical alerts are created according to predefined rules when the hazard exposure of workers in those zones crosses a certain threshold. The results of tests of the method demonstrate that the model is able to successfully process the location data in order to compensate for its inaccuracy. This is done without necessitating a significant increase in the areas that are defined as being of high risk, and therefore off-limits for most workers on site. The model can thus ensure the efficiency of the construction work by restricting the size of the areas on site that are off-limits for most work­ers, while at the same time ensuring the safety of workers. The method can also ensure that alerts will not be ignored by using statistical rules to avoid an excessive number of alerts, and by discerning who should be the client of an alert.
HELIOSEISMIC IMAGING OF SUPERGRANULATION THROUGHOUT THE SUN’S NEAR-SURFACE SHEAR LAYER
Authors: Greer Benjamin J. , Hindman Bradley W. , Toomre Juri
Published: June 2016

We present measurements of the Sun’s sub-surface convective flows and provide evidence that the pattern of supergranulation is driven at the surface. The pattern subsequently descends slowly throughout the near-surface shear layer in a manner that is inconsistent with a 3D cellular structure. The flow measurements are obtained through the application of a new helioseismic technique based on traditional ring analysis. We measure the flow field over the course of eleven days and perform a correlation analysis between all possible pairs of depths and temporal separations. In congruence with previous studies, we find that the supergranulation pattern remains coherent at the surface for slightly less than two days and the instantaneous surface pattern is imprinted to a depth of 7 Mm. However, these correlation times and depths are deceptive. When we admit a potential time lag in the correlation, we find that peak correlation in the convective flows descends at a rate of 10–40 m s−1 (or equivalently 1–3 Mm per day). Furthermore, the correlation extends throughout all depths of the near-surface shear layer. This pattern-propagation rate is well matched by estimates of the speed of downflows obtained through the anelastic approximation. Direct integration of the measured speed indicates that the supergranulation pattern that first appears at the surface eventually reaches the bottom of the near-surface shear layer a month later. Thus, the downflows have a Rossby radius of deformation equal to the depth of the shear layer and we suggest that this equality may not be coincidental.
A STRINGENT LIMIT ON THE WARM DARK MATTER PARTICLE MASSES FROM THE ABUNDANCE OF z = 6 GALAXIES IN THE HUBBLE FRONTIER FIELDS
Authors: Menci N. , Grazian A. , Castellano M. , Sanchez N. G.
Published: June 2016

We show that the recently measured UV luminosity functions of ultra-faint lensed galaxies at z ≈ 6 in the Hubble Frontier Fields provide an unprecedented probe for the mass m
X of the warm dark matter (WDM) candidates independent of baryonic physics. Comparing the measured abundance of the faintest galaxies with the maximum number density of dark matter halos in WDM cosmologies sets a robust limit of m
X ≥ 2.9 keV for the mass of thermal relic WDM particles at a 1σ confidence level, m
X ≥ 2.4 keV at 2σ, and m
X ≥ 2.1 keV at 3σ. These constraints are independent of the baryonic physics involved in galaxy formation and constitute the tightest constraints on WDM particle mass derived to date. We discuss the impact of our results on the production mechanism of sterile neutrinos. In particular, if sterile neutrinos are responsible for the 3.5 keV line reported in observations of X-ray clusters, our results firmly rule out the Dodelson–Widrow production mechanism and yield m
sterile ≳ 6.1 keV for sterile neutrinos produced via the Shi–Fuller mechanism.
Allostatic Load Assessment for Early Detection of Stress in the Workplace in Egypt
Authors: Ali Ola Sayed , Badawy Nadia , Rizk Sanaa , Gomaa Hend , Saleh Mai Sabry
Published: June 2016

AIM: Workplace stress is hazardous for its harmful impact on employeesâ€™ health and organizational productivity. The aim of the study is to apply the Allostatic Load Index (ALI) which is a multi-component measure for health risk assessment and early detection of stress among workers in Egypt.METHODS: Sixty-two working adults randomly selected from two different working environments in Egypt were included in the study. Participants completed a self-reported questionnaire for socio-demographic and work variables. Andrews and Withey test for Job Satisfaction was filled and 3 ml blood samples were collected. Markers assessed for Allostatic Load were serum cortisol, c-reactive protein, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate, total thyroxine, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, waist to hip ratio and body mass index. The risk quartile method was used for calculation of ALI. ALI value of four or more indicates high Allostatic Load.RESULTS: Job satisfaction scale defined about a quarter of the study population (24%) to be dissatisfied with Allostatic Load of 2.4 as the mean value. Population percentage with ALI â‰¥4 reached 12.9% with 100% of them females. A significant association was found between Allostatic Load of primary mediators and age, the presence of chronic diseases, place of work and female gender.CONCLUSION: Female gender and the old age of the Egyptian workforce under study are at higher risk of chronic diseases. Using an alternative way -for example, the cut-point method- instead of the risk quartiles for dichotomization of markers used in ALI calculation could be more precise for early detection of stress among healthy individuals.
L’influence du patient sur le travail des soignants et le dialogue social à l’hôpital
Authors: Havard Christelle , Naschberger Christine
Published: June 2016

Les organisations hospitalières françaises ont connu depuis une décennie de nombreux changements. Ceux-ci ont souvent été justifiés par le souhait d’une plus grande efficacité économique, mais également par la volonté de mieux servir les patients. La place et le rôle des acteurs ont été significativement redéfinis et ont contribué à transformer certaines modalités du travail des personnels hospitaliers. Mais peu de recherches analysent ces changements à partir de l’influence du patient. Cet article propose d’analyser la manière dont la présence du patient et sa représentation à l’hôpital modifient le travail des personnels soignants et les modalités du dialogue social. L’analyse s’appuie sur une grille de lecture articulée autour de deux cadres théoriques : la triangulation des relations de travail et la régulation sociale de Reynaud. Une étude de cas exploratoire menée auprès d’un établissement hospitalier confirme l’impact du patient sur le travail du personnel soignant analysé par la littérature, et met en évidence les régulations qui s’opèrent, au niveau opérationnel, entre les acteurs et par l’encadrement. Cette étude montre également qu’au niveau de la gouvernance, les représentants des usagers font progressivement leur place mais que le dialogue social entre les acteurs s’instaure difficilement au-delà des relations bilatérales.
Les non-réponses sont-elles des reponses ?
Authors: Brasseur Martine , Lacroux Alain , Magnien Laurent
Published: June 2016

L’étude présentée cherche à comprendre le phénomène des non-réponses à un questionnaire d’appréciation conçu et mis en place ponctuellement dans les organisations dans une optique de soutien au développement des compétences des salariés et à leur apprentissage organisationnel. Une analyse quantitative exploratoire a été menée. Elle a consisté à exploiter statistiquement les données recueillies dans le cadre d’un dispositif de type 360˚ Feed-Back auprès de 1 873 salariés s’autoévaluant ou évalués par leurs collègues, leurs responsables ou leurs managés, représentant 17 176 salariés de leur entourage professionnel. L’étude s’est focalisée sur la population des répondants ayant laissé au moins une valeur manquante dans le questionnaire. Ils représentaient une base de 11 202 répondants, soit 58,81 % des salariés concernés, répartis dans 183 entreprises différentes. Les résultats de l’analyse des données nous ont conduits d’une part à confirmer que ces non-réponses ne sont pas dues au hasard, et d’autre part à considérer qu’elles sont porteuses de sens et qu’elles peuvent être pour partie nécessaires au développement des compétences professionnelles et l’apprentissage organisationnel.
Comprendre les interactions entre scripts de carriere et action individuelle : le cas du secteur humanitaire
Authors: Garbe Emmanuelle , Cadin Loïc
Published: June 2016

Bien que prometteur en termes de perspectives de recherche, le concept de script de carrière fait l’objet de nombreuses critiques dans le champ des carrières. Il est jugé trop théorique et difficile à opérationnaliser dans le cadre de recherches empiriques. Ce papier propose de répondre à cette critique. Il revient sur les travaux fondateurs du concept et montre que le concept de script de carrière peut être raffiné. Plus particulièrement, il met en évidence deux caractéristiques des scripts de carrière utiles à leur opérationnalisation : leur double dimension cognitive et comportementale et la distinction entre scripts forts et scripts faibles. Il mobilise ensuite ces éléments pour étudier empiriquement, dans le cadre d’une étude menée dans le secteur humanitaire français, la relation existante entre scripts de carrière et action individuelle. Il montre que tous les scripts de carrière n’ont pas la même capacité à guider l’action individuelle, ce qui laisse une marge de manœuvre plus ou moins importante aux individus pour agir et transformer leur script de carrière. Il montre, par ailleurs, que la transformation des scripts de carrière demande un travail cognitif important qui pousse certains individus à changer de script plutôt que de transformer celui qu’ils mobilisent déjà.
Le crépuscule de la décentralisation ? Tester les limites des réformes fonctionnelles à l’époque de l’austérité
Authors: Hlepas Nikolaos-Komninos
Published: June 2016

La crise économique et la rigueur de l’austérité semblent mettre fin à une longue période de décentralisation. Le retour des tendances centralistes équivaut à une mise en œuvre rapide des mesures d’austérité, tandis que le manque de ressources met à mal la durabilité des services décentralisés. Il existe une incohérence manifeste entre les politiques de décentralisation européennes, d’une part, et les politiques d’austérité européennes, de l’autre. Les données empiriques indiquent que les autorités locales étaient plus attentives aux demandes des citoyens en matière de services sociaux, mais que les municipalités rejettent aujourd’hui la décentralisation en l’absence de ressources. Malgré les tendances centralistes, les études de cas sur l’assainissement des finances publiques indiquent que les municipalités s’écartent considérablement des politiques budgétaires ascendantes dans leurs réponses. Un leadership visionnaire, une citoyenneté active et des processus décisionnels inclusifs sont synonymes de bonne performance, tandis que le leadership reproducteur et la citoyenneté passive sont à l’origine de conflits improductifs entre le centre et l’échelon local, axés sur le partage des charges et le rejet de la faute. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Nos observations indiquent que les politiques de centralisation comme celles de décentralisation sont fortement tributaires des attitudes et des actions des autorités locales. Dans le cas des services sociaux, la réactivité des autorités locales produit des gains en performance évidents. Les tentatives de transferts des responsabilités aux municipalités en temps de crise vont cependant très probablement rencontrer des blocages. Dans le cas des politiques d’austérité, les stratégies unitaires descendantes, accompagnées de normes et autres mécanismes rigides, ne peuvent exclure les écarts de performance entre les bénéficiaires de ces politiques. La réactivité des municipalités est fortement tributaire du leadership local, de la constellation d’acteurs et des attributs de la communauté concernée. En cas de réformes fonctionnelles, la consultation préalable des autorités locales et des communautés concernées, de même que leur assistance continue doivent être des pratiques standard.
La gouvernance des villes intelligentes. Analyse de la littérature sur la gouvernance urbaine intelligente
Authors: Meijer Albert , Rodríguez Bolívar Manuel Pedro
Published: June 2016

L’intérêt des universitaires pour les villes intelligentes et leur gouvernance connaît une croissance rapide, mais la fragmentation dans les approches adoptées complique le débat. Le présent article a pour but de structurer le débat en analysant un recueil de 51 publications et en observant la variation. L’analyse indique que les publications varient dans l’importance accordée (1) aux technologies intelligentes, au personnel intelligent ou à la collaboration intelligente en tant que caractéristiques des villes intelligentes, (2) la perspective transformatrice ou progressive en ce qui concerne les évolutions dans la gouvernance urbaine, (3) l’amélioration des résultats ou un processus plus ouvert pour revendiquer la légitimité de la gouvernance des villes intelligentes. Nous plaidons en faveur d’une perspective globale : la gouvernance des villes intelligentes consiste à imaginer de nouvelles formes de collaboration humaine en recourant aux TIC pour obtenir de meilleurs résultats et des processus de gouvernance plus ouverts. Les recherches sur la gouvernance des villes intelligentes pourraient s’inspirer des études réalisées sur les facteurs de réussite et d’échec en matière de gouvernement électronique et s’appuyer sur les théories sophistiquées en matière d’évolution socio-technologique. Dans le présent article, nous verrons que la gouvernance des villes intelligentes n’est pas une question technologique : la gouvernance des villes intelligentes doit être étudiée comme un processus complexe de changement institutionnel et prendre en considération la nature politique des visions séduisantes de la gouvernance socio-technologique. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Notre étude permettra aux praticiens de comprendre de manière approfondie les débats actuels à propos de la gouvernance des villes intelligentes. Nous verrons que la gouvernance des villes intelligentes consiste à imaginer de nouvelles formes de collaboration humaine en recourant aux technologies de l’information et de la communication. Les directeurs municipaux doivent bien comprendre que la technologie en soi ne va pas rendre la ville plus intelligente : la construction d’une ville intelligente passe par la compréhension politique de la technologie, une approche processus pour gérer la ville intelligente émergente et une prise en considération des gains économiques et autres valeurs publiques.
Cartographie des linéaments géologiques en domaine aride par extraction semi-automatique à partir d’images satellitaires: Exemple à la région d’El Kseïbat (Sahara algérien)
Authors: Hammad N. , Djidel M. , Maabedi N.
Published: June 2016

[fr] Les géologues en charge d’une cartographie des linéaments détaillée en domaine aride et désertique, font face à l’étendue des terrains et la présence abondante de dépôts éoliens. La présente étude présente une approche semi-automatique différente des autres méthodes d’extraction des linéaments, à savoir l’extraction automatique et l’extraction manuelle par le fait d’être à la fois rapide et objective. Elle consiste en une succession de traitements numériques (filtrage textural et spatial, binarisation par seuillage et morphologie mathématique…etc.) appliqués sur une scène LANDSAT-7 ETM+. Cette approche semi-automatique a permis d’obtenir une carte détaillée des linéaments, tout en tenant compte des directions tectoniques reconnues dans la région. Elle permet d’atténuer l’effet des dépôts dunaires répondant aux spécifications du contexte aride. La validation visuelle de ces structures linéaires, effectuée sur terrain et sur la base de la carte géologique et des données géoscientifiques existantes, a permis l’identification de la majorité des linéaments jugés structuraux ou du moins géologiques.
Nuevos datos de campo para viejos especímenes de museo: Un grillo (Grylloidea, Orthoptera) peculiar del SO-España
Authors: Cordero Pedro J. , Cordero Pau , Ortego Joaquín
Published: June 2016

Obtenemos las primeras observaciones of Sciobia (Thilptoblemus) natalia en Europa después de un único registro de Algeciras hace casi un siglo. Hemos encontrado la especie en Tarifa, Benalup-Casas Viejas y Alcalá de los Gazules (provincia de Cádiz) en terrenos abiertos con vegetación herbácea de baldíos, fincas ganaderas y bordes de parcelas agrícolas, caminos y carreteras. Puede ser localmente común a finales de primavera y coexistir con Sciobia (Thliptoblemus) caliendrum, especie de más amplio espectro ecológico mientras que S. (T.) natalia muestra preferencia por vegetación más densa en suelos más húmedos. El análisis del canto de ambas especies muestra notables diferencias y su identificación en el campo es posible, aunque S. (T.) natalia puede pasar desapercibida entre poblaciones de la especie más conspicua, S (T.) caliendrum. Discutimos las razones por las que la especie ha pasado desapercibida hasta ahora y los factores que pueden poner en riesgo el mantenimiento de sus poblaciones.
Diegus nom. nov., a replacement name for the recent described genus Didacus Delicado, Machordom and Ramos 2015 (Caenogastropoda, Hydrobiidae) and subsequent new combination Diegus gasulli (Boeters, 1981) comb. nov.
Authors: Delicado D. , Machordom A. , Ramos M. A.
Published: June 2016

No disponible
Identifying Kittlitz's Murrelet Nesting Habitat in North America at the Landscape Scale
Authors: Felis Jonathan J. , Kissling Michelle L. , Kaler Robb S.A. , Kenney Leah A. , Lawonn Matthew J.
Published: June 2016

The Kittlitz's murrelet Brachyramphus brevirostris is a small, noncolonial seabird endemic to marine waters of Alaska and eastern Russia that may have experienced significant population decline in recent decades, in part because of low reproductive success and terrestrial threats. Although recent studies have shed new light on Kittlitz's murrelet nesting habitat in a few discrete areas, the location and extent of suitable nesting habitat throughout most of its range remains unclear. Here, we have compiled all existing nest records and locations to identify landscape-scale parameters (distance to coast, elevation, slope, and land cover) that provide potential nesting habitat in four regions: northern Alaska, Aleutian Islands, Alaska Peninsula Mountains and Kodiak Island, and Pacific Coastal Mountains (including nearshore interior Canada). We produced a final map classifying 12% (70,411 km2) of the lands assessed as potential Kittlitz's murrelet nesting habitat, with dense but distinct patches in northern Alaska and a more uninterrupted, narrow band extending across the Pacific Coastal Mountains, Alaska Peninsula Mountains, and Aleutian Islands. The extent of habitat-capable parameter values varied regionally, indicating that the Kittlitz's murrelet may be able to use a variety of habitats for nesting, depending on availability. Future nesting habitat studies could employ spatially random sampling designs to allow for quantitatively robust modeling of nesting habitat and predictive extrapolation to areas where nests have not been located but likely exist.
Further Effort Is Needed to Improve Management of Chronic Pain in Primary Care. Results from the Arkys Project
Authors: Piccinocchi Gaetano , Piccinocchi Roberto
Published: June 2016

Treatment of chronic pain is challenging. The Arkys project was initiated in Italy to assist general practitioners (GPs) in the management of chronic pain. The main objective of this study was to determine the usefulness of Arkys for selecting new therapeutic strategies. An online interactive questionnaire for assessing pain and guiding therapeutic decisions was made available to GPs participating to Arkys. The GPs were invited to complete the questionnaire for each patient who presented moderate-severe chronic pain, and to decide on a new analgesic treatment based on the information provided by the questionnaire. Two hundred and forty four GPs participated with a total of 3035 patients. Patients (mean age 68.9 years) had mostly chronic non-cancer pain (87.7%). In 42.3%, pain had neuropathic components. Only 53.6% of patients were in treatment with analgesics (strong opioids, 38.9%; NSAIDs, 32.6%; weak opioids, 25.6%; anti-epileptics, 17.3%; paracetamol, 14.9%). Use of the questionnaire resulted in the prescription of analgesics to all patients and in increased prescription of strong opioids (69.7%). NSAID prescription decreased (12.8%), while anti-epileptics use remained stable. These findings show that current management of chronic pain in primary care is far from optimal and that efforts are needed to educate GPs and improve guideline implementation.
Social factors determining maternal and neonatal mortality in South Africa: A qualitative study
Authors: Mmusi-Phetoe Rose M.M.
Published: June 2016

Background: South Africa’s maternal mortality ratio has increased from 150/100 000 in 1990 to 269/100 000 live births in 2015 against the Millennium Development Goals 5 (MDG5) target of 38/100 000, indicating slow progress in improving maternal health. The neonatal mortality rate was 14/1000 live births against the MDG4 target of 7/1000. The purpose of the article was to outline the socio-economic factors that determine maternal and neonatal mortality in South African communities.Objectives: To identify and describe the social determinants of maternal and neonatal mortality in South Africa. Method: A qualitative study using audio-taped individual interviews was conducted. The interviews included 10 pregnant women who were purposefully recruited from the antenatal clinic attendees in a public hospital. The interviews were conducted in isiZulu and later translated into English by the researcher who is fluent in both. Data were analysed using the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Commission on Social Determinants of Health framework.Results: Findings revealed that poverty was an underlying factor to the vulnerability to illness and death of the mothers and their neonates. Other determinants were found to be the nutritional inadequacies, neglect and abuse by male partners, HIV or AIDS, inattention to reproductive health and violation of reproductive rights, and powerlessness of women and health system issues such as poor quality and incompetent health care.Conclusion: It is apparent that poverty plays a major role in determining the health of mothers and neonates. This requires more coordinated multi-sectorial interventions to address both the social determinants and direct causes of maternal and neonatal deaths.Keywords: maternal mortality, neonatal mortality, social determinants of health
ŉ Persoonlike waardering van Hennie Aucamp as mentor
Authors: Pretorius Jannie
Published: June 2016

In hierdie studie benut die skrywer die 5D-raamwerk en teoretiese en metodologiese onderbou van waarderende ondersoek en persoonlike waardering vir ŉ persoonlike waardering van die skrywer, Hennie Aucamp. By name handel dit oor die invloed van Aucamp se mentorskap op die navorser se persoonlike en professionele ontwikkeling. Na ŉ waarderende onderhoud met die TV-aanbieder en stemkunstenaar, Coenie de Villiers, word die volgende vyf positiewe temas van sowel die navorser as De Villiers se vriendskap met Aucamp geïdentifiseer en ontleed:• keerpunt – ontmoeting met Aucamp• Aucamp se intellek en ruimheid van gees en ons verwonderdering• mentorskap en briewe• persoonlike keuse van Aucamp se aangrypendste skryfwerk en uitsonderlike vakmanskap• persoonlike beskouings omtrent wat ander kunstenaars by Aucamp kan leer ŉFoto-collage is saamgestel om as visuele agtergrond vir die waardering te dien. Die navorser het ŉ persoonlike onderhoud met Aucamp gevoer om sy reaksie op die geïdentifiseerde temas te verkry en het Aucamp se reaksie met die bespreking geïntegreer.
Increasing self-efficacy in learning to program: exploring the benefits of explicit instruction for problem solving
Authors: Govender Irene , Govender Desmond W , Havenga Marietjie , Mentz Elsa , Breed Betty , Dignum Frank , Dignum Virginia
Published: June 2016

The difficulty of learning to program has long been identified amongst novices. This study explored the benefits of teaching a problem solving strategy by comparing students’ perceptions and attitudes towards problem solving before and after the strategy was implemented in secondary schools. Based on self-efficacy theory, students’ problem solving self-efficacy as well as teachers’ self-efficacy were investigated, showing that both students’ and teachers’ self-efficacy may have benefited from the explicit instruction. This would imply that teaching problem solving explicitly should be encouraged to increase self-efficacy to program.
Municipal management and geo-hydrological aspects of importance in the potable water supply of Lindley
Authors: Nealer Eric , Bertram W E
Published: June 2016

When the South African Government in 1998 re-demarcated its 283 municipalities so that they completely cover the country in a “wall-to-wall” manner, their main focus was on growing local economies and maintaining the provision of an increased number of diverse and more complex basic municipal services to new geographical areas consisting of millions of citizens who might previously had been neglected.In most of the instances the newly established and merged municipalities were demarcated according to geographical aspects inherited from the previous political dispensation, historical municipal areas and magisterial district farm names. The fact that these municipal government jurisdictions for the purpose of improving co-operative municipal- and integrated water resources management (IWRM), in most instances do not correspond with environmental and physical land features such as the demarcated surface water (rivers) drainage regions’ boundaries, could lead to the ineffective, inefficient and non-economic municipal management of water, sanitation and environmental services.The aforementioned is a case with reference to water services management in the Free State Province town of Lindley located in the Vals River catchment and the Nketoana Local Municipality’s area of jurisdiction.An extensive literature review, the use and study of geographic tools such as maps, ortho- photos and information data bases, as well as two field visits to the area, enabled the researchers to identify the essential geographical, geo-hydrological and municipal management aspects of importance for the potable water service providers and managers in the Lindley municipal area.The researchers argue that effective trans-boundary municipal management through simunye-type co-operative governance and IWRM must be facilitated in the Vals River surface water catchment between the respective local- and district municipalities for the benefit of the Lindley, Arlington, Steynsrus and Kroonstad communities.
The early printed Books of Hours in the Grey Collection in Cape Town: evidence of an information revolution
Authors: Steyn F C
Published: June 2016

Printed books of hours, the best-seller of the late medieval trade in books, provide evidence of an information revolution equal to that occasioned by the Internet today. The Grey Collection of the National Library in Cape Town possesses eight books of hours, printed between 1498 and 1530, and they are almost completely unknown. Yet these valuable incunabula, all of them printed on vellum with hand-painted initials, and some of them with hand-painted miniatures, are of importance to anybody interested in books, the history of the book, the dissemination of information, the art of the late 15th to the early 16th centuries and early printing. They are also religious books, and of value to people interested in that discipline. The books are therefore eminently suitable as subjects for transdisciplinary research through which the subjects of history, sociology, art and religion can be drawn together. Two of these books, printed by Thielman Kerver in Paris, are discussed in detail in this article. The books are especially remarkable for their many illustrations that include pictures around the borders of each page as well as full-page illustrations. The pictures are neither metal cuts nor woodcuts, as were usual in that period, but relief prints. The most important part of the texts is a sequence of prayers to the Virgin Mary. Soon after these books were printed , in 1571, Pope Pius V prohibited the use of all existing books of hours.
Personal, musical and social benefits of singing in a community ensemble: Three case studies in Melbourne (Australia)
Authors: Joseph Dawn , Southcott Jane
Published: June 2016

Australia has a diverse, multilayered society that reflects its rich musical life. There are many community choirs formed by various cultural and linguistically diverse groups. This article is part of an ongoing project, Well-being and ageing: community, diversity and the arts (since 2008), undertaken by Deakin University and Monash University, that explores the cultural diversity within Australian society and how active music engagement fosters well-being. The singing groups selected for this discussion are the Skylarkers, the Bosnian Behar Choir, and the Coro Furlan. The Skylarkers and the Bosnian Behar Choir are mixed groups who respectively perform popular music from their generation and celebrate their culture through music. The Coro Furlan is an Italian male choir who understand themselves as custodians of their heritage. In these interpretative, qualitative case studies semi-structured interviews were undertaken and analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. In this approach there is an exploration of participants’ understanding of their lived experiences. The analysis of the combined data identified musical and social benefits that contribute to participants’ sense of individual well-being. Musical benefits occurred through sharing, learning and singing together. Social benefits included opportunities to build friendships, overcome isolation and gain a sense of validation. Many found that singing enhanced their health and happiness. Active music making in community choirs and music ensembles continues to be an effective way to support individuals, build community, and share culture and heritage.
Healing notes: singing for well-being in an African bank
Authors: Van As Alta
Published: June 2016

In 2005, Dr Steve Booysen - then Group Chief Executive of the Absa Group - initiated an internal choir festival as a platform for social interaction and teambuilding of staff across all cultures, age groups and post levels in the bank. Towards the end of 2005, based on the widely held perception that the effects of the project had exceeded all expectations, it was decided to repeat the initiative, which has since become an annual event. To date, Absa has invested, and continues to invest, millions of rands in their choir project - confirmation that choir participation offers valuable benefits to the ordinary employee. This paper uses data from an investigation into the ‘extra-musical benefits of this project to reflect on the value of the 2005-2008 Absa choir project for building social capital and strengthening individuals’ sense of coherence (SOC) through singing together.
Music and well-being
Authors: Boyce-Tillman June
Published: June 2016

This paper scrutinizes how human beings relate to the wider cosmos in the thinking of the European Middle Ages. The re-invention of the ‘spiritual’ might liberate Western culture from Cartesian elements within Western Christianity and the consequent limited and exclusive views of musicking. Practical examples of how singing together forms community at a variety of levels will be discussed. Others aspects that will be addressed are: being human; culture, health and illness; the place of the spiritual and the implications of this for music education.
Sounding salvation: Theological perspectives on music as articulation of life
Authors: Cilliers Johan
Published: June 2016

This paper proposes some theological perspectives on the phenomenon of sound (i.e. music), linking it to the gospel of salvation (i.e. well-being). Possible links between sound and music; sound and life; sound and silence; and sound and salvation are indicated. Some differences between the Western and African understandings of sound, music and life are highlighted; followed by suggestions concerning the connections between salvation, well-being, and the healing of life. A theological understanding of music as an expression of transcendence and anticipation is given, profiling it as a distinct form of hope. The paper concludes by comparing two iconic paintings that depict sound: The Scream by Edvard Munch and The Tortured Christ by Guido Rocha.
Music, personhood, and eudaimonia: Implications for educative and ethical music education
Authors: Elliott David
Published: June 2016

This paper proposes that educative and ethical music making and teaching, which is based on a praxial philosophy of music education (Elliott and Silverman, 2014), can be carried out in a variety of ways that create places and spaces, in schools and community settings, for a variety of human values or “goods” that include, but go beyond, making and listening to classical instrumental music, or any other kind of music, for “the music itself.”One premise of this philosophical discussion is that music does not have one value; music has numerous values, depending on the ways in which it is conceived, used, and taught by people who engage in specific musical styles. For example, when music education is ethically guided—when we teach people not only in and about music, but also through music—we achieve what Aristotle and many other philosophers consider the highest human value—eudaimonia—which is a multidimensional term we explain the body of this paper.Following an examination of three community music settings that exemplify educative and ethical musical interactions, the paper provides a brief explanation of the nature of personhood that draws from embodied, enactive, empathetic, and ecological concepts put forth by several contemporary cognitive scientists and philosophers of mind nature. This sections leads to an examination to main constituents of eudaimonia: happiness and well- being as conceived by various scholars during the last 2500 years.The discussion ends by integrated the above themes with a discussion of a praxial philosophy of music education and its implications for school and community music education.
Using transdisciplinarity in the university: Giving a voice to the voiceless in the grounding program at Fort Hare
Authors: Garutsa T C , Mahlangu P M
Published: June 2016

In this article giving a voice to students in higher institutions acknowledges that there is much to be gained from entering into the students’ world and respecting their versions of reality. If transdiciplinarity is to be achieved in institutions of higher education, knowledge should be presented through mutual learning and dialogue across disciplines towards a horizon of shared understanding. The student participation, transdisciplinary interface provides a critical framework and an experience of building a diverse intellectual community as a basis for curriculum renewal. This paper builds upon fieldwork conducted amongst students enrolled for the Grounding Program also known as Life Knowledge Action and staff. Unstructured interviews were used. Narrative descriptions where derived and were analysed through content analysis. The findings indicated that, the student participation-transdisciplinarity interface is elucidated through the case of the Life Knowledge Program under the Centre for Transdisciplinary Studies at the University of Fort Hare. The interface is embedded in the exchange of ideas which supercedes mono-inter- discipline, addressing cross cutting issues that create additional value. The discourse of Transdisciplinarity has been promoted through the structure of the curriculum and emphasis placed on the attainment of mutual dialogue amongst learners themselves and with lecturers.
Endogenous conflict resolution mechanisms of the San people at Platfontein
Authors: Gebregeorgis M Y
Published: June 2016

The objective of this study was to explore the endogenous conflict resolution mechanisms and practices of the San people at Platfontein, South Africa. To this end, data were collected from 304 interviews and 26 focus group discussions. The collected data were analysed through Inductive Thematic Analysis. The findings show that the San people have endogenous conflict resolution mechanisms which basically aim at restoring peace and harmony within the community. The endogenous mechanisms were found to be fairly participatory and supplementary to the state machineries that work for justice, peace and harmony. However, the conflict resolution mechanisms of the San people are currently weakening due to the impact of modernisation and the leadership dispute among the sub-groups of the community.
Dispute resolution – an archaeological perspective with case studies from the South African Stone Age and San ethnography
Authors: Morris David
Published: June 2016

This paper presents an archaeological perspective on dispute resolution. Being a discipline based primarily on tangible material remains, archaeology may be hard put to draw firm conclusions on a phenomenon whose expression is usually intangible. It nevertheless takes up the challenge to consider whether there are traces suggesting the successful avoidance of conflict in the past. Drawing insights from South African Stone Age archaeology and San ethnography, the evidence of unperturbed continuance of a given cultural tradition is considered, as are indications of hxaro-like gift-giving mechanisms known to reduce tension in ethnographic instances of the recent past. Findings based on such indicators may be ambiguous. Evidence of negative outcomes in terms of conflict and homicide would be more obvious and pertinent to dispute resolution, specifically its failure. The role of “othering” in oral literature is referred to for situations where external social distance is emphasised or where regulation of inappropriate behaviour within a group is hinted at. The paper touches on the history of colonial encroachment and genocide in the Karoo, and finally, on the role of heritage itself as it becomes a locus of dispute in the present.
Applying a Living Lab methodology to support innovation in education at a university in South Africa
Authors: Callaghan Ronel , Herselman Marlien
Published: June 2016

The Living Lab paradigm creates open and inter-disciplinary environments where participants can interrogate challenges and co-create solutions. A successful Living Lab context incorporates a clear focus/vision, strong leadership, self-sustainability, a strong sense of community-owned challenges and the potential for sustainable community development. This paper discusses and outlines the elements of Living Labs, and how these have played a role in the establishment of a new Education Living Lab at a University in South Africa. Core values, stakeholders and key success factors of Living Labs are discussed. This is followed by the description of a case study of the establishment process of a Living Lab. The newly established Living Lab already shows success with collaborations and innovation between communities, industry, academia, learners and schools. This is illustrated in an application of the discussions on the Mobile Learning focus area - the first active sub-focus area within the Education Living Lab.
Competitive intelligence in emerging economies: A comparative study between Brazil and South Africa
Authors: Sewdass N , Dutoit Adeline
Published: June 2016

Competitive intelligence (CI) has long been recognised as a strategic management tool that could enhance competitiveness. CI is expected to play an essential developmental role in emerging economies. The need to enhance companies’ competitiveness has grown rapidly. CI is essential, and will increasingly be a challenge in the years to come, especially for emerging economies. This article will compare CI activities in South Africa with CI activities in Brazil. Companies in these two countries have faced increased environmental uncertainty and increasingly there is a need to compete. A questionnaire survey methodology was used where questionnaires were administered to CI experts in organisations in South Africa and Brazil. The findings of the study revealed that only a limited number of organisations in Brazil and South Africa recognise the importance of a CI unit. It was also interesting to note that the CI function is more mature in South Africa than in Brazil. As Brazil and South Africa become more integrated into the global economy, it stands to reason that the global economy will have more of an impact on the countries’ economies. To this end it has become more crucial to monitor global events and trends and it is very important for both countries to develop a CI culture.
Does the engagement between science and society pose risks for intelligent scientific practice?
Authors: Lotriet Hugo
Published: June 2016

This paper examines the interaction between science and society. Society considers these interactions as vital to understand and reduce the uncertainty of the impact of scientific activity on society. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the converse situation – whether the engagement of society with scientific activity creates uncertainty (or perceived risks) in terms of scientific practice, and whether there is potential for this engagement to create tensions in terms of the intelligent nature of scientific practice. In order to achieve this, a cultural-historical, activity-based conceptualisation of intelligence is applied to scientific activity and its implications are discussed in terms of science- society interactions.
A hermeneutic framework for responsible technical interventions in low-income households – mobile phones for improved managed health care as test case
Authors: Murray Montagu , Wolff Ernst
Published: June 2016

In this article the authors, a philosopher and a social development practitioner, formulate recommendations for responsible planning of technical interventions in health care relations under circumstances of uncertainty and moral risk. It is proposed that the hermeneutic approach followed in this article could serve as a heuristic guide to research and development teams in the planning phase of similar projects to proceed in a responsible manner. The introduction of mobile phone technology by a managed health care service provider to clients from a low-income South African context is used as a test case to illustrate the value of the proposed heuristic approach. The strength of this approach is situated in its coordination of general anthropological considerations, with interpretative attention to particularities. The test case is a relevant to the problem since it cannot be assumed that the same habitus of acquaintance with the mobile phone apparatus has been formed in the low-income South African context as in contexts or societies where people have been using telephones for decades.
The green dilemma: Reflections of a Generation Y consumer cohort on green purchase behaviour
Authors: Muposhi A. , Dhurup M. , Surujlal J
Published: June 2016

Green consumerism has garnered much scholarly interest in recent years. However, research on the influence of the Social Dilemma Theory (SDT) on green purchase behaviour has been scarce. Using data generated from sixteen in-depth-interviews, the present study identified perceived efficacy, perceived cost, in-group and self-identity, trust and peer influence as the main antecedents of SDT that influence green purchase behaviour. The findings of the study imply that to promote and institutionalise green purchase behaviour, marketers need to enhance perceived efficacy, trust in green products, reduce perceived cost, align green products with the consumers’ sought image and utilise peer networks when structuring green marketing messages.
Archetyping race, gender and class: advertising in The Bantu World and The World from the 1930s to the 1990s
Authors: Maake Nhlanhla
Published: June 2016

This article sets out to interrogate the ideological hegemony of the superstructuring narrative voice in advertisements by studying linguistic, structural devices and encoding that are employed, in order to expose its racial, class and gender undertones embedded in the authorial voice. The sample of advertisements discussed is derived from The Bantu World and its two sequels, The World and The Sowetan. The sample is thinly dispersed over a period of five decades. Most of the advertisements selected were duplicated in the sister newspapers, Mochochono (Sesotho) and Imvo (isiXhosa), which were published under the auspices of the Associated Bantu Press. In the latter case the advertisements in the different languages were directly translated from English. The thrust of our argument is that the narrative voice, together with the images, are loaded with a stereotyping preconceived notion of the “other”, which is either conscious or subconscious. We also suggest that the change of the newspaper’s name is accompanied by a perceptible evolution of ideological bias in both the images and the narrative voice.