bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Profile of Hepatic Gene Expression of Glucose Metabolism in Mice on High Fat Diet
Authors: El-fadl Rihab , Rizk Nasser , Fadel Amena , El Gamal Abdelrahman
Published: December 2020

Obesity is a growing problem worldwide, and recent data indicated that 20% of the populations would be obese. Obesity arises as a multifactorial disease caused by inherited traits that interact with lifestyle factors such as diet and physical activity. The liver plays an essential role in the gluco-regulation via regulating glucose, lipid and protein metabolism. The process of glucose metabolism is controlled by a range of molecular mechanisms and genes which affect the metabolism of the liver during intake of high fat diet (HFD). The objective of this research is to investigate the profile of hepatic gene expression of glucose metabolism in mice on HFD treated with leptin (5 mg/kg BW Ip injection). Ten wild type CD1 mice fed on HFD is used for this study, where groups are control (vehicle - leptin) and test group (vehicle + leptin). Body weight (BW) was measured, and blood chemistry, insulin and leptin were measured at the end of the experiments. Total RNA was isolated from the liver tissue, and RTPCR profiler array technology was used to evaluate the mRNA expression of 84 essential genes of hepatic glucose metabolism. The data of the BW and blood chemistry are not significantly different between the two groups. Leptin treatment enhanced the metabolic pathways and the candidate genes of the different metabolic pathway; glycogen metabolism such as Gys1, Gys2 and Pygm, pentose phosphate shunt such as Rpia and suppressed the glycolysis such as Aldob, and TCA cycle such as Mdh1b. In conclusion, this study has shown that leptin could affect the profile of the hepatic mouse genes of glucose metabolism in the early stages of HFD to induce obesity
Relationship between Eating Patterns and Body Composition among Young Females in Qatar
Authors: Elsayed Fatma , Alhammadi Aram , Alahmad Alanood , Babiker Zahra , Kerkadi Abdelhamid
Published: December 2020

The prevalence of obesity has been increased in Qatar, with the transition from healthy to unhealthy dietary habits. Behavioral factors that are associated with obesity are, long-term imbalanced energy intake, high screen time, skipping breakfast and physical inactivity. Changes in body composition and percent body fat (PBF) increase the risk of non-communicable disease. This study is the first study conducted in Qatar to investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and body composition among young females at Qatar University. This cross-sectional study consisted of 766 healthy female students Qatari and non-Qatari aged from 18-26 years randomly selected from different colleges at Qatar University. A validate questionnaire was used in order to collect data about healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns. Anthropometric measurements involved body weight, height, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI) and body composition using “Seca285”, “Seca203” and “InbodyBiospace 720”. Dietary patterns were identified by using factor loading. Linear regression was used to estimate confidence intervals and regression coefficient. More than half of the participants had a normal weight (65.1%), whereas 22.8 % and 12.0% were overweight and obese, respectively. Fat mass, BMI and PBF were slightly increased with age, but there was no significant difference. Factor analysis identified two dietary patterns: unhealthy patterns and healthy patterns. The frequent intake of vegetables and fruits was significant among high PBF female students (p=0.045 and p=0.001, respectively). The frequent intake of fast food was higher for overweight female students but there was no significant difference (p=0.289), whereas, the frequent intake of sweetened beverages was associated with higher significant rate of normal weight among female students (p = 0.009). No significant relation was found between dietary patterns, BMI and PBF. In conclusion, body composition is not significantly associated with healthy and unhealthy eating patterns among young females.
The Relationship between Cyberbullying, Cyber-victimization and Depression among Qatar University Students
Authors: Al-Ahmed Aisha , Makki Huda , Al-Rajeh Sara , Hassan Diana Alsayed
Published: December 2020

Background: Cyberbullying is a modern form of bullying that could be practiced electronically or on the internet. It is related to different mental health issues such as depression, which can affect both the cyberbully and the victim. Although a few studies have been conducted regarding the prevalence of cyberbullying and cyber-victimization among the younger generation in Qatar, no studies have been conducted among the young adult age group despite studies showing that they are also prone to cyberbullying. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study to investigate the prevalence and the relationship between cyberbullying, cyber-victimization, and depression among Qatar University students. A self-administered close-ended electronic questionnaire was used to assess student’s cyberbullying/cyber-victimization behaviors and depression symptoms. The Revised Cyberbullying Inventory scale (RCBI-II) and Patient Health questionnaire-9(PHQ-9) were used. A total of 836 students participated in the study. Pearson Chi-Square test and binary logistic regression were utilized to analyze the data. Results: Overall results indicated that the majority of students have been involved in at least one of the cyberbullying experiences as follows: (6.8% cyberbullies, 29.2% cyber-victims, 35.8% both cyberbullies and cyber-victims, 28.2% not involved in either). Approximately 50% of the students scored a ten or higher on the PHQ9 test indicating symptoms of depression. Moreover, significant associations were found between cyberbullying experiences and gender (p=0.03), depression and gender (p= 0.046), and between cyberbullying experiences and depression (p<0.001). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that among Qatar University students, cyberbullying and cyber-victimization are prevalent behaviors that could be associated with the high reported rates of depression symptoms.
Qatar National Vision 2030
Authors: Ibrahim Meram , Mukhalalati Banan , Al alawneh Majdoleen , Awaisu Ahmed
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The United Nations launched the Sustainable Development Goals in 2015. One of these goals describes achieving a Universal Health Coverage by 2030. This signifies workforce planning in healthcare professions (United Nations, 2015). The International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) published reports about pharmacy workforce planning in several countries. However, data about Qatar was not included in these reports. In 2017, FIP developed a transformational roadmap of pharmaceutical workforce and education. One component of the roadmap is the Pharmaceutical Workforce Development Goals (PWDGs) (International Pharmaceutical Federation, 2016). This research aims to conduct a self-assessment of the pharmaceutical workforce and education in Qatar in relation to the FIP’s PWDGs. This will be followed by prioritization of the identified gaps and recommendation of measures to address them. Methods: Three rounds of conventional Delphi technique (Hasson et al., 2000) are conducted with expert panels in the College of Pharmacy at Qatar University and the Ministry of Public Health, utilizing the FIP’s self-assessment survey. Content analysis is used to analyse and prioritize the identified gaps. Results: The lack of competency framework (PWDG5), workforce data (PWDG12), and workforce policy formation (PWDG13) are the three major gaps in the provision of pharmaceutical workforce and pharmacy education in Qatar, influencing other PWDGs. These gaps need to be addressed by the formation of Qatari Pharmaceutical Association through which academic, practice, and policymaking sectors can work together in developing a health workforce intelligence system. Conclusion: The results indicated that PWDGs are interrelated and a gap in one goal can negatively influence others (Bruno et al., 2018). Results and recommendations of this research will facilitate the implementation of strategic plans across leading pharmacy sectors to meet health needs in Qatar and achieve the third pillar of the Qatar National Vision 2030 “A Healthy Population: Physically and Mentally” (General Secretariat for Development, 2008).
Glucose and Transferrin Liganded PLGA Nanoparticles Internalization in Non-Small Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Benammar Sarra , Mraiche Fatima , Joseph Jensa Mariam , Gorachinova Katerina
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Recently, after a decade of confusing results, several studies pointed out that overexpression of GLUT1 (glucose transporter 1) is a biomarker of worse prognosis in NSCLC. Nonetheless, the presence of transferrin (Tf receptor), which is overexpressed in most cancer tissues and most lung cancers as well, in NSCLC is also an indicator of very poor prognosis. Therefore, these ligands can be used for active targeting of lung cancer cells and improved efficacy of internalization of cancer therapy using nanomedicines. Objectives: Having the background, the main goal of the project was the assessment of the influence of the glucose and transferrin ligands on the efficacy of internalization of the designed (i) glucose decorated PLGA (poly lactic-coglycolic acid) nanoparticles (Glu-PLGA NPs) and (ii) transferrin decorated PLGA nanoparticles (Tf-PLGA NPs) in comparison to (iii) non-liganded PLGA NPs using a A549 lung cancer cells. Methods: Glu-PLGA NPs, Tf-PLGA NPs and PLGA NP - fluorescently labelled), were designed using a sonication assisted nanoprecipitation method. Further, physicochemical properties characterization (particle size analysis, zeta potential, FTIR analysis, DSC analysis), cytotoxicity evaluation using MTT test, and cell internalization studies of DTAF labelled NPs using fluorimetry in A549 NSCLC cell line were performed. Results: The results pointed to a significantly improved internalization rate of the liganded compared to PLGA NPs. Glu-PLGA NPs showed higher internalization rate compared to Tf-PLGA and PLGA NPs, in the serum-supplemented and serumfree medium even at normal levels of glucose in the cell growth medium. Conclusion: The developed nanocarriers offer unique advantages of enhanced targetability, improved cell internalization and decreased toxicity, which makes them promising solution for current therapeutic limitations.
The Cardiovascular benefits of Empagliflozin, a Sodium Glucose Cotransporter Inhibitor: Is NHE1 a viable target?
Authors: Al-Shamasi Al-Anood , Elsayed Meram , Abdulrahman Nabeel , Joseph Jensa , Mraiche Fatima
Published: December 2020

Empagliflozin (EMPA), an SGLT2 inhibitor (with a low affinity for SGLT1) has attracted much attention due to a recent clinical trial, the Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes (EMPA-REG OUTCOME). In this trial, treatment with EMPA over 2.6 years decreased cardiovascular vascular events (14% reduction). Whether EMPA induces cardioprotection, independent of diabetes remains unclear. A previous report has demonstrated that EMPA inhibited NHE1 activity, which led to a reduction in intracellular sodium and calcium. In our study, we examine the cellular interplay between NHE1 and SGLT1/SGLT2 in a non-diabetic in vitro model. We characterized H9c2 cardiomyoblasts stimulated with Angiotensin II (ANG II) 100nM in the presence and absence of EMPA (500nM) and measured cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and the expression of NHE1 and SGLT1/2. Stimulation of H9c2 cardiomyoblasts with ANG II (100nM) resulted in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, an effect that was regressed in the presence of EMPA (500nM). No changes in SGLT2 and NHE1 protein expression were detected in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. However, stimulation with ANG II in the presence of EMPA reduced the expression of SGLT1. We demonstrate that the inhibition of SGLT using EMPA following stimulation with ANG II, a hypertrophic stimulator of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and NHE1, regressed the hypertrophic response of H9c2 cardiomyoblasts and SGLT1 protein expression. The inhibition of SGLT1 protein expression may be contributing to the anti-hypertrophic effect of EMPA. Whether EMPA reduces NHE1 activity remains to be elucidated.
Cultural Competence in the Eyes of Health Cluster Faculty Members at Qatar University: Perception and Application-a Mixed Methods study
Authors: Ahmed Aicha Abdallah Mohamed
Published: December 2020

Background: Globalization impacts several aspects of life including education. Medical education in Qatar is progressing and developing by the effort of multicultural teams that ensure the emergence of future healthcare providers that are patient-centered, well educated and well knowledgeable. Although having this multicultural teaching can be beneficial in some area, it can represent a challenge. This study aims to investigate the perception of Medical colleges’ faculty members at Qatar University (QU) about the impact of this diversity on the health education in specific and Qatar’s cultures and values in general. Methods: A mixed-methods design was followed, where two types of data were collected in a parallel manner; quantitative and qualitative data. A survey link (Quantitative) was sent to the health clusters faculty members at QU. The questions in the survey were based on a validated tool known as ‘’Multicultural Teaching Competence Scale’’. A focus group was conducted with the faculty members to access in depth their perception. Results: The total score of Multicultural Teaching Competence of all the participants was between 39 and 77 (The maximum in the tool is 80 and the minimum is 16), which is divided into total score of Multicultural Teaching Competence Skill of all the participants, where the higher score was 48 and the lowest score was 19 (The maximum is 60 and the minimum is 10), and total score of Multicultural Teaching knowledge, where the higher score was 30 and the lowest was 9 (The maximum is 36 and the minimum 9). The focus group was transcribed and divided into themes based on the interview with faculty members. Conclusion: In conclusion, both the qualitative and quantitative data showed a positive behavior toward the multicultural teaching. Therefore, this study shows that the faculty members in health cluster colleges at Qatar University are generally knowledgeable and skilled in relation to the multicultural teaching
An Online Module to Evaluate the Validity of an Algorithm to assess the Risk for DrugInduced Qtc Prolongation in the Psychiatric Population
Authors: Qubaiah Iman Ashraf , Elamin Waad Abubaker , Mahmoud Doaa Elsayed , Homs Shorouk Akram , Tawfik Enge Sherif , Zolezzi Monica , Elhakim Athar
Published: December 2020

Introduction: QTc interval prolongation leads to serious complications making it a concern for all clinicians. Assessing the risk of QTc interval prolongation, especially in the psychiatric population, can be challenging for pharmacists due to the complexity of regimens in this population and the difficulty in retrieving the needed information for the risk assessment. Guidelines and protocols for QTc prolongation risk assessment may vary among clinicians and few algorithms exist that address the prevention, management or monitoring of drug-induced QTc prolongation in the psychiatric population. Hence, there is a need for a validated comprehensive algorithm that helps clinicians in with the assessment of the risk of QTc prolongation. Aim: The study aims to pilot an educational module that guides experts through an algorithm for the assessment, management and monitoring of drug-induced QTc prolongation in the psychiatric population. Methods: This study involved developing an online education module using Articulate Presenter® to introduce a comprehensive literature-based algorithm to subject-matter experts. The orientation was followed by an anonymous, self-administered survey with quantitative and qualitative components to assess the content validity of the QTc Prolongation Algorithm. Results: Feedback from the first pilot test with faculty members indicated that the module’s interface was crowded. The module was updated accordingly. The results from the second pilot test with cardiologists were that the module provided a thorough explanation of the algorithm steps and rationale. Furthermore, some cardiologists commented that the algorithm was time consuming, however, most supported the implementation of the algorithm saying that it is easy to use, systematic, stepbased and would be helpful if implemented. Conclusion/Future directions: The results show that the module was helpful in introducing cardiologists to the algorithm and that the implementation of the algorithm after minor alterations can prove to be useful as a tool for risk assessment of QTc prolongation
EFL Teachers’ Phonological Awareness Beliefs and Practices: Help or Prevent EFL Children Developing Reading
Authors: Alshaboul Yousef Mohammad
Published: December 2020

Families, schools and stakeholders long for developing good readers (Ponitz & Rimm-Kaufman, 2011) and would do all it takes to save young children from becoming illiterate or low achievers (Anthony & Farncis, 2005; Share & Stanovich, 1995; Snowling, 1998). Since the landmark study of Moats (1994), a flow of research has targeted teacher education advocating for teachers being competent in PA (Carlisle, Kelcey, Rowan, & Phelps, 2011; Kennedy, 2013; Washburn et al., 2017). EFL teachers’ proficiency seems to contribute to the reading difficulties that early graders encounter. This paper investigates the knowledge, beliefs, practices and awareness in phonological awareness (PA) of twohundred and ten ramdonly selected EFL in-service teachers and then examines the impact of teachers’ experiences, qualifications, and gender on shaping teachers’ instruction. The researchers used a four-section survey to collect teachers’ demographic information, perceived and actual knowledge of phonological awareness and classroom practices related to PA, phonics, and syllabication. The results reported teachers as moderate level in the beliefs, practice and awareness of PA. In terms of teachers’ knowledge in PA, however, results showed teachers lacking the basics in teaching reading. This study adds to the body of literature and sheds light on the status quo of EFL in-service teachers’ competency and brings to the attention of every stakeholder the critical role EFL teachers play in helping EFL children become readers. Although the results point towards teachers as possible cause behind children’s low-literacy level, this study raises important questions for further investigations, and implications for EFL teacher education and preparation are highlighted.
Consumer Behavior in Grocery Shopping: Qatari Community during the GCC Blockade
Authors: Eissa Eiman Abdel Maksoud
Published: December 2020

While Qatar had the highest GDP in the world in 2016, it faced the dilemma of a blockade in June 2017. This had a direct effect on the Qatari community who united and showed clear signs of patriotism. Consumers turned from the blockade countries’ food products to products that were local or those that came from supporting countries. This blockade was seen as an economic opportunity for local brands as well as many international brands since 40% of the food that was previously available came from blockading countries (IISS, 2017). With this, many new brands entered the market and soon prospered. This research aims to compare the changes in the grocery shopping consumer behavior of the Qatari community at the start of the blockade and more than two years later. An Arabic language online survey is conducted on a non-probability-snowball sample of 194 respondents in 2017 and is repeated on a sample of 189 respondents in 2020. Results show that the subjective norm the Qatari community’s consumers have towards grocery products continues to be associated with the political positions of the countries of production. They also show that the most successful marketing technique used by grocery brands is “patriotism.” Moreover, they show that the Qatari community has become more focused on learning the properties and competitive advantages of the products. Conclusions show that the Qatari community has remained consistent with giving priority to buying groceries that support the country and its allies throughout the blockade. They also show that the consumers have become more aware in comparing available products and making educated buying decisions. Further research should be conducted to examine the changes in attitude and consumer behavior after the blockade is lifted.
From Sports To Science: Designing Sports Products to Experience Science and Engineering
Authors: Ali Ruba , Bhadra Jolly , Siby Nitha , Al-Thani Noora
Published: December 2020

Sports can have a substantial impact on fostering cognitive and non-cognitive skills in youth leading to higher productivity. Its potential to integrate within diverse academic subjects makes it an ideal choice to attract high school students to grasp the emphasis of STEM fields and careers. In the midst of gradual educational reformations in Qatar, a novel sports driven STEM program was launched to derive the competencies in the secondary students and enhance their STEM literacy and aspirations. Sports, being an intrinsic motivator favored by the Qatari students, instigating active participation and inspiration, is integrated to the innovative learning approach, thereby acknowledging the relevance of science to real world applications. The 248 participants from 15 secondary schools actively engaged in the program comprising sports product based scientific workshops and an engineering design challenge, bridging the gap between science and sports. Results implicating the active involvement of the students, manifesting the quintessential 21st century skills in engineering products, were drawn out from mixed methods. Quantitative statistical analysis of pre-post surveys, review of sports products and the substantiating observations of the facilitators successfully validate the application of diverse dispositions in the program. Student attitudes towards STEM fields and careers apparently augmented by virtue of the program outcomes is also interpreted from the analysis.
The effect of teaching science and mathematics in Arabic on the level of students' performance in Qatari schools
Authors: Tahtamouni Suha Fayed , Mohammad Shinda , Zukari Lina Said , Tayeh Momena Khader , Sadiq Hissa
Published: December 2020

The interest in education is the cornerstone of the civilized growth of the State of Qatar, because of its great impact on preparing the human resources that the nation needs for its progress in various fields, in order to achieve the Qatar National Vision 2030. In 2003, the State of Qatar launched an ambitious initiative to develop public education known as “Education for a New Era”. A bilingual system that started with teaching Math and Science subjects, so that both Arabic and English are used in the educational process, followed by a decision to teach the two subjects in Arabic in all government schools. Therefore, this research aims to focus on the performance in government schools in the country, which shows the rates of student achievement in specific educational stages and in specific subjects, where the improvement of achievement in government school students in basic subjects (Arabic, English, Mathematics and Science) in the three educational stages, is considered to be one of the objectives of the Ministry of Education and Higher Education to realize the Qatar National Vision 2030, and accordingly the Ministry of Education and Higher Education sets and develops many strategies, procedures and decisions with the aim of achieving this goal.
The Perceptions of the Special Education Teacher and Families of Children with Disabilities about Cooperative Partnership
Authors: Fadhul Shereen Radhi
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to identify the perceptions of the special education teacher and families of children with disabilities about cooperative partnership in the primary stage, specifically in the age group from 6 to 11 years, in order to contribute to providing a vision that can be relied upon in facing the challenges and obstacles that prevent cooperative partnership between families of children, people with disabilities and a special education teacher. The study followed the quantitative and qualitative approach to its relevance to the nature of the study. The study sample consisted of a teacher specializing in the field of special education and eight families from the families of students with disabilities in one of the integration elementary schools for girls affiliated to the Ministry of Education and Higher Education in Qatar. In collecting the data, the researcher used the cooperation and interview scale prepared by Batoul Khalifa 2017. The results of the study found that there are statistically significant differences between the order of the principles of cooperative partnership of the special education teacher and the families of students with disabilities in relation to the principle of family rights and social media. As the overall principles of cooperative partnership of the special education teacher achieved the final percentages, while the results of the principle of family rights and social media among the families of students with disabilities ranged between 33% and 36%. The study also found the relationship of the perceptions of families of students with disabilities about communicating with the educational level of the family, as university and secondary education occupied 44%, compared to only 12% for the average educational level, and the principle of communication among the families of students with disabilities reached 80%.
MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF SENSITIVE PARAMETERS ON THE DYNAMICAL TRANSMISSION OF EBOLA HEMORRHAGIC FEVER
Authors: Adewale  , Adeniran  , Olopade  , Mohammed
Published: December 2020

A four (4) compartmental model of (S, E, I , I ) were presented to have better understanding of parameters that influence the dynamical spread of Ebola in a population. The model is analyzed for all the parameters responsible for the dynamical spread of the disease in order to find the most sensitive parameters that need to be given attention. 
The stability of the model was analyzed for the existence of disease free and endemic equilibrium points. Basic Reproduction Number ( ) was obtained using next generation matrix method (NGM), and it is shown that the disease free equilibrium point is locally asymptotically stable whenever the basic reproduction number is less than unity i.e ( ) and unstable whenever the basic reproduction number is greater than unity ( ).The relative sensitivity indices of the model with respect to each parameter in the basic reproduction number is calculated in order to find the most sensitive parameter which the medical practitioners and policy health makers should work on in order to reduce the spread of Ebola in the population. The result shows that effective contact rate and fraction of individuals with low immunity are the most sensitive parameters in the reproduction number. Therefore, effort should be put in place so that the basic reproduction number should not be greater unity so as to prevent the endemic situation.
AN ASSESSMENT OF GLOBALIZATION IMPACT OF THE INDIAN CAPITAL MARKET: A REVIEW
Authors: Panwar Mamta , Arya L. N.
Published: December 2020

The forward and in reverse advancement of general capital since the nineteenth century exhibits the reiterating burdens, furthermore elective points of view from which policymakers have attempted to oppose them. This paper is centered around reporting these movements quantitatively and clarifying them. Cash related hypothesis and fiscal history together can give gainful experiences into occasions of the past and pass on associated lessons for the present. We battle that theories of how across the board capital flexibility has made must be comprehended inside the structure of the key method tritoma obliging an open economy's decision of money related association. Different stunning practices won in the major market to draw in retail cash related experts and the high cost of new issues. In spite of the fact that reliably, number of affiliations had developed, offering arranged sorts of associations as for the novel issues of capital, their exercises were not controlled by any administrative power. The issues were widely more exceptional in the optional market. The general working of the stock trade was not sufficient. The trades were controlled by their inner bye laws and managed by the addressing bodies, which were overwhelmed by picked part administrators. Exchanging individuals did not have enough progress.
POVERTY REDUCTION THROUGH MICROFINANCE – ANEMPIRICAL STUDY OF SHGS IN TAMILNADU
Authors: Kumar N.Senthil , Shankar
Published: December 2020

After independence of India, women have ever important role to economic development of our country. In the recent year Indian women give to equal opportunity, they can equal men. In 2011 census 35.98 million are women living Tamilnadu may be equal population to men, near by 10 to 20 percent are women incomes are based on agricultural, there are no other income particularly village women .That, they  affecting their own expenses  as well as family expenses. In this occasion, women become entrepreneurial due to poor financial strength, they are converting into entrepreneurial dream into reality. Self – Help Groups is an organization of poor people, emerging from rural population. The SHGs scheme was introduced in Tamilnadu in 1989. Thus study aims to poverty reduction through microfinance with SHGs in Tamilnadu.
ATTITUDE TOWARDS HANDLING OF EMPTYPACKAGED DRINKING WATER BOTTLE
Authors: Vanitha S.
Published: December 2020

Water is one of most essential product for our life. Without water any living beings cannot live for a longer period of time. Water is one of the important top five sources for all. Role of water cannot be measured. Such the vital role is done by water in the body. It gives strength, clear all unnecessary contains from our body, refresh our flesh, and maintain correct temperature and so on. It is very much important that drinking a good water. These days, water is highly polluted due to the industrial growth. Therefore, water is sold in the packet. As it is little difficult to bring water wherever we go, people prefer to buy this packaged water. After drinking the water, people simply throw the packet in the dustbin. It creates the environment pollution problem. Now, green management has very important to protect the world from pollution. It urges the scholar to study about the importance of the packet water and how can be protected our environment from these waste. It also deals with giving suggestion to use packet water without pollute the environment.
The positivity rate of Epstein-Barr virus anti-viral capsid antigen IgG among children with infectious mononucleosis in Diyala-Iraq
Authors: Mohammad Kassem Saleh  , Abdulrazak Shafiq Hasan  , Nadhim Ghazal Noaman
Published: December 2020

Background: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a double-stranded linear DNA human herpesvirus that is transmitted primarily through saliva during childhood. Although the majority of primary EBV infections are clinically asymptomatic, clinical cases are presented as infectious mononucleosis (IMN) syndrome. Objectives: This study was conducted to explore the rate of EBV anti-VCA IgG among children who were clinically suspected as having IMN in Diyala province. Subjects and methods: This is a cross sectional study that was carried out during 2018 in Diyala province- Iraq. A total of 370 blood samples were collected from 190 children under 15 years of age who were clinically suspected as having IMN, and 180 apparently healthy children as controls. The anti EBV VCA IgG antibodies were detected in serum using the VCA IgG ELISA kit (from Dia.Pro Diagnostic Bioprobes srl - Italy). Statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS- version 25. A statistical significance was considered whenever the P value was ≤ 0.05. Results: The results showed that the IgG positivity rate among suspected IMN patients was insignificantly higher in the age group 10-14 years old children (80.8%, P = 0.364). In control subjects the highest positivity rate was in the age group of 1-4 years with a statistically significant difference (79.5%, P = 0.002). In suspected IMN patients, the age group of 10-14 years had the highest mean concentration ± SD of anti-VCA IgG (44.018 ± 38.644 arbitrary units per milliliter (arbU/ml)), while in controls, the highest value (38.018 ± 34.908 arbU/ml) was in the age group of 1-4 years, with insignificant difference in either group (P = 0.257 and 0.072, respectively). The results also showed that in both suspected IMN patients and control subjects, females showed higher IgG positivity rate (70.6%, and 75.5%) compared to males (64.8%, and 65.1%) with insignificant difference in both groups (P = 0.392 and 0.126, respectively). Similarly, the IgG mean concentration ± SD was insignificantly higher in females in both suspected IMN patients and control subjects (P = 0.447 and 0.256, respectively). 21 (87.5%) IgM positive suspected IMN patients were also IgG positive with a statistically significant association (P = 0.028). Conclusion: The positivity rate of anti-EBV VCA IgG among apparently healthy subjects in Diyala province was 70.6%, and the rate increases with age, with slight association with clinical suspicion of infectious mononucleosis.
Morphometric analysis of foramen magnum using helical computed tomogrophy for gender determination
Authors: Nalli Prasanth Kumar  , Edara Naga Priyanka  , Kolappan R  , Rajendran Ganesh  , Rajala Sushmitha
Published: December 2020

Background: The morphometric analysis of foramen magnum (FM) plays a crucial role in forensics and paleontology in identifying the gender of the unknown skeletal fragments. However, the reliability of these parameters vary among populations and races. The present study was conducted to investigate the reliability of the four foramen magnum parameters ie, foramen magnum transverse diameter, foramen magnum sagittal diameter, foramen magnum area and foramen magnum circumference in this native population. Methods: A total of 60 subjects belonging to both genders aged between 20 – 50 years who were undergoing computed tomography (CT) examination of head and neck region were selected for the study. The study sample comprised of 30 males in group A and 30 females in group B. The measurements were obtained from reformatted axial sections using helical CT scan. The FM sagittal diameter (FMSD) and the FM transverse diameter (FMTD) were measured by the greatest anteroposterior dimension and the greatest width of the foramen. The circumference (FMC) and the area (FMA) were obtained after tracing the bony margin of the FM on the CT image using CT workstation. Results: Mean values of all four parameters were found to be significantly higher in males compared to female subjects (P <0.001). Further, the accuracy of sex determination analyzed using the discriminant equation was 70% for males and 80% for females with overall accuracy of 75%. The predictability of gender was higher in female subjects than in male subjects. Conclusion: The dimensions of the foramen magnum can be used in gender determination of skeletal fragments with considerable accuracy. The Helical CT scan plays a pivotal role in providing accurate dimensions of the foramen magnum that could be useful in forensic testing.
Apontamentos sobre a educação profissional no norte do Paraná: história do Senac de Maringá (1955-1982)
Authors: Marconi Amanda , Schelbauer Analete Regina , Ivashita Simone Burioli
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo tecer apontamentos e reflexões em torno da educação profissional em Maringá, cidade situada na região Norte do Paraná, a partir da pesquisa que teve como foco o olhar para a história e a memória institucional do Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem Comercial (Senac). Neste sentido, analisaremos aspectos da identidade cultural desta instituição educativa e, para tanto, aborda-se o processo histórico de criação, institucionalização e consolidação da instituição, com a finalidade de compreender quais as motivações que possibilitaram sua criação e seu percurso no município, gerando a expansão da instituição no Estado do Paraná. A delimitação temporal abrange o período de 1955, ano que o Senac inicia suas atividades em Maringá e se estende até 1982, período em que a pesquisa ofereceu indícios de sua consolidação. O artigo busca contribuir com o campo de estudos e pesquisas sobre a história da educação, suas instituições educativas e, mais especificamente, para a preservação da história e da memória do Senac.
Ratio Legis Kedudukan Hukum Pemohon dalam Pengujian Undang-Undang oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi
Authors: Wicaksono Dian Agung , Omara Andy
Published: December 2020

Penelitian mengenai ratio legis kedudukan hukum Pemohon dalam pengujian UU merupakan penelitian fundamental yang perlu untuk dilakukan dalam rangka mengetahui aspek sejarah hukum mengenai asal usul pengaturan mengenai kedudukan hukum Pemohon dalam pengujian UU. Temuan dari penelitian ini merupakan bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dari penelitian hukum dalam studi doktoral mengenai dinamika kedudukan hukum Pemohon pada pengujian UU oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi. Penelitian ini secara spesifik menjawab pertanyaan: (a) Apa ratio legis dari pengaturan kualifikasi aktor sebagai Pemohon pada pengujian UU? (b) Apa ratio legis dari Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam merumuskan syarat kerugian konstitusional Pemohon pada pengujian UU? Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif, dengan menganalisis data sekunder berupa peraturan perundang-undangan, putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi, dan literatur yang terkait dengan doktrin kedudukan hukum dalam pengujian UU. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ratio legis dari pengaturan kualifikasi aktor sebagai Pemohon pada pengujian UU sejatinya merupakan rumusan yang dikembangkan dari PerMA 2/2002, sedangkan ratio legis dari Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam merumuskan syarat kerugian konstitusional didasarkan pada: (a) ketentuan Pasal 51 Ayat (1) UU MK secara expressis verbis; (b) doktrin the objective theory of constitutional invalidity dan doktrin a broad approach to standing; serta (c) doktrin causation dan doktrin redressability dari praktik peradilan di Amerika Serikat.
Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Anak Korban dari Pelaku Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual
Authors: Yusyanti Diana
Published: December 2020

Kasus kekerasan seksual terhadap anak pada saat pandemi Covid-19 terus meningkat, baik itu pelaku kekerasan seksual terhadap anak perempuan maupun anak laki-laki yang dilakukan oleh pelaku kaum pedofil dan juga oleh pelaku bisnis prostitusi anak, meskipun sudah ada Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 dan Undang-Undang Nomor 17 tahun 2016 tentang perlindungan anak yang lebih memperberat sangsi bagi pelaku, ternyata belum juga mempunyai efek jera. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif, melalui pendekatan Perundang-undangan. Kesimpulannya bahwa penanganan kasus kekerasan seksual terhadap anak, penegak hukum seringkali menggunakan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP), padahal dalam Undang-undang Perlindungan Anak dapat memberikan perlindungan yang lebih baik bagi anak sebagai korban dibandingkan dengan KUHP, karena dalam KUHP belum diatur hak-hak anak sebagai korban dalam memperoleh jaminan hukum yang dapat meringankan kerugian akibat kekerasan seksual dan pelaku sangsinya sangat ringan seperti yang sudah diatur dalam Undang-Undang Perlindungan anak. Selain itu keberadaan anak yang telah diatur dalam KUHP dan beberapa peraturan perundang-undangan tidak ada kesamaan dalam kategori batasan umur anak. Untuk itu disarankan perlu dibentuk aturan dalam KUHP tentang sangsi bagi pelaku kekerasan seksual serta jaminan hukum bagi anka sebagai korban. Selain itu perlu ada aturan yang seragam tentang batasan usia anak.
La Spagna di Paragone Letteratura (1950-75)
Authors: Grasso Ida
Published: December 2020

Lo studio intende indagare la presenza della cultura ispanica in Paragone, rivista centrale del panorama letterario italiano della seconda metà del Novecento. La dichiarata apertura alla «storia di oggi», come si legge nel programmatico esordio del periodico, lo sguardo raffinato e analitico dei suoi collaboratori, vicini per animus critico e militanza culturale, ne fanno un imprescindibile punto di partenza per verificare, nell’ultimo venticinquennio della dittatura franchista, non soltanto l’eventuale diffusione e attestazione della produzione letteraria ispanica in Italia, ma anche, e soprattutto, la sua analisi in sede critica.
Non solo Lorca. Il teatro spagnolo nella rivista Sipario (1970-80)
Authors: Ravasini Ines
Published: December 2020

This article examines Italian reception of Spanish and Spanish-American theatre in the pages of Sipario, an important Italian magazine of performing arts, with particular attention to the 1970s. This is a significant period in Spanish history, characterised by the transition from dictatorship to democracy, and it is interesting to observe how the historical contingency influenced the critical reception in those years. The work focuses both on the reception of performances and on essays and contributions of a critical nature published in the journal. Through a detailed review of articles and reviews, this article intends to reconstruct a picture of the presence of Hispanic culture in this specialised magazine and offer a critical reading of it.
La lacuna di Notre-Dame come paradigma della complessità
Imparare dai restauri ottocenteschi per l'intervento sul contemporaneo
Authors: Morezzi Emanuele
Published: December 2020

The architectural preservation project regarding Notre-Dame cathedral in Paris in the mid-19th century by Lassus and Viollet-le-Duc constitutes a case-study of great interest not only for the analysis of the constructional choices that led to the final result but, above all, for the design managing and attitude that the two architects have maintained throughout the course of the intervention on the building. Analysing these restorations, and in particular the design methodology on the building, it could be of high interest due to the future restorations that the building will undergo, following the fire of April 2019. The main purpose of this article is therefore to make a careful critique of the design approach of restorations that are only apparently stylistic, in order to understand how the transformation of an asset is an architectural intervention that requires clear methodological rules in order to achieve the objectives related not only to the transformation or completion of the asset but also to its enhancement.
La Real Academia de San Fernandoy la devolución de los bienes eclesiásticos tras la Guerra de Independencia
Authors: Moraleda Gomero Maria , García Sánchez Jorge
Published: December 2020

With this article we intend to show the policy adopted by the king Fernando VII regarding to the restitution of the artistic patrimony confiscated to the religious communities during the Independence War’s conflicting years, as well as the part played in this process by the Real Academia de San Fernando. When the project of founding the Museo Fernandino failed, the Academy, receiver of many of the paintings dispersed during the French Government, tried to increase his pictorial collection to the detriment of their legitimate proprietors, although laws promulgated from 1814 favoured the works of art were recovered by the religious establishments. In the case of the Hospital de la Caridad of Seville, the Academy kept paintings until the 20th century, based on the agreement of the clergymen with the French.
Anastilosi. Un dibattito fondativo per il restauro dei monumenti antichi nella Grecia di fine Ottocento
Authors: Mannoni Chiara
Published: December 2020

The debate on the anastylosis, which is still alive nowadays, met fundamental points within the Athens Charter of Restoration of 1931 and the Venice Charter of Restoration of 1964. However, the earlier use of this term in connection to restoration is to be found in the late Nineteenth century. In this study the origin of the concept and the practice of anastylosis is contextualized within the discussions that arose on the restoration of the Parthenon of Athens between 1890 and 1905. The conflicts on the works to carry out on the ancient temple are connected to the conceptual ambiguities, the misinterpretations and the inconsistent uses of ‘restoration’, ‘reconstruction’ and ‘anastylosis’ within the international debate. The earlier equivocal understanding of these terms is explained in relation to their different understanding by scholars with diverse background and provenance in Europe.
The Development of Religious and Philosophical Anthropological Paradigm in Soviet Philosophy in 1985–1991: A Historical and Philosophical Analysis
Authors: Ustinov Oleg A.
Published: December 2020

The article considers the religious-philosophical anthropological paradigm in Soviet philosophy during the years of perestroika. It was during this period that Soviet idealist philosophers, forced to work under the conditions of a “scientific underground” for seven decades, first gained the right to participate legally in academic discussions. They substantiated the idea of man as a divine immortal being called to deification, restored, and approved in the official discourse the religious-philosophical anthropological model, either reinterpreting it according to the samples of Byzantine patristics, or synthesizing it with oriental beliefs. The article reconstructs and analyzes the basic provisions of this paradigm: ideas about the origin of man, the relationship of soul and body, free will, the meaning and purpose of life, the relationship between the individual and society. It is concluded that the development of late Soviet religious and philosophical anthropological thought was determined by the tendency to self-isolation, associated with the actual refusal of its supporters from a constructive dialogue with adherents of materialistic teachings, and, consequently, the refusal to develop a synthesized concept of man. Adherents of the religious-philosophical approach expressed the hope that Christian anthropology would be taken as the basis for all philosophical developments of the future. However, contrary to their plans, this paradigm did not acquire a dominant position in modern Russian philosophy, and remained an object of interest for historians of philosophy and not for experts in philosophical anthropology and social philosophy.