bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marcos de referência e topónimos da cidade medieval portuguesa: o exemplo de Coimbra nos séculos XIV e XV
Authors: Campos Maria Amélia Álvaro de
Published: September 2016

Com este artigo, pretende-se reflectir acerca da toponímia da cidade da Baixa Idade Média portuguesa, a partir do estudo mais detalhado da realidade de Coimbra, nos séculos XIV e XV. Assente num corpo documental constituído por documentos de produção eclesiástica, régia e concelhia, cronologicamente balizado entre o século XIV e os inícios de Quinhentos, este trabalho procura identificar os principais marcos de referência topográfica, naturais ou artificiais, que se impunham na paisagem urbana. Do mesmo modo, pretende sublinhar a forma como a toponímia medieval nos dá eco das populações que animavam a urbe nos séculos que estudamos, mas também dos povos que, protagonistas de ocupações anteriores, deixaram, até bem tarde, um cunho diferenciador no urbanismo de Coimbra. Finalmente, este estudo ambiciona uma melhor compreensão da relação que se estabelecia entre o habitante citadino e o espaço urbano. Para uma melhor articulação destas questões, o artigo divide-se em quatro temas evidenciados pela toponímia em análise: edifícios e construções urbanas; paisagem e características naturais; actividades artesanais e comerciais e outras profissões; minorias religiosas e estrangeiras.
Status and Trends of Land Change in Selected U.S. Ecoregions - 2000 to 2011
Authors: Sayler Kristi L. , Acevedo William , Taylor Janis L.
Published: September 2016

U.S. Geological Survey scientists developed a dataset of 2006 and 2011 land-use and land-cover (LULC) information for selected 100-km2 sample blocks within 29 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Level III ecoregions
across the conterminous United States. The data can be used with the previously published Land Cover Trends Dataset: 1973 to 2000 to assess landuse/land-cover change across a 37-year study period. Results from analysis of these data include ecoregion-based statistical estimates of the amount
of LULC change per time period, ranking of the most common types of conversions, rates of change, and percent composition. Overall estimated amount of change per ecoregion from 2001 to 2011 ranged from a low of 370 km2 in the Northern Basin and Range Ecoregion
to a high of 78,782 km2 in the Southeastern Plains Ecoregion. The Southeastern Plains continues to encompass one of the most intense forest harvesting and regrowth regions in the country, with 16.6 percent of the ecoregion changing between 2001 and 2011. These LULC
change statistics provide a new, valuable resource that complements other reference data and field-verified LULC data. Researchers can use this resource to independently validate other land change products or to conduct regional land change assessments.
Physiological Profile of Male Competitive and Recreational Surfers
Authors: Furness James W. , Hing Wayne A. , Sheppard Jeremy M. , Newcomer Sean C. , Schram Ben L. , Climstein Mike
Published: September 2016

Furness, J, Hing, W, Sheppard, JM, Newcomer, S, Schram, B, and Climstein, M. Physiological profile of male competitive and recreational surfers. J Strength Cond Res 32(2): 372–378, 2018—Surfing consists of both high- and low-intensity paddling of varying durations, using both the aerobic and anaerobic systems. Surf-specific physiological studies lack adequate group sample sizes, and V̇o
2peak values are yet to determine the differences between competitive and recreational surfers. The purpose of this study was therefore to provide a comprehensive physiological profile of both recreational and competitive surfers. This multisite study involved 62 male surfers, recreational (n = 47) and competitive (n = 15). Anthropometric measurements were conducted followed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, anaerobic testing and finally aerobic testing. V̇o
2peak was significantly greater in competitive surfers than in recreational surfers (M = 40.71 ± 3.28 vs. 31.25 ± 6.31 ml·kg−1·min−1, p < 0.001). This was also paralleled for anaerobic power (M = 303.93 vs. 264.58 W) for competitive surfers. Arm span and lean total muscle mass was significantly (p ≤ 0.01) correlated with key performance variables (V̇o
2peak and anaerobic power). No significant (p ≥ 0.05) correlations were revealed between season rank and each of the variables of interest (V̇o
2peak and anaerobic power). Key performance variables (V̇o
2peak and anaerobic power) are significantly higher in competitive surfers, indicating that this is both an adaptation and requirement in this cohort. This battery of physiological tests could be used as a screening tool to identify an athlete's weaknesses or strengths. Coaches and clinicians could then select appropriate training regimes to address weaknesses.
Clinical aspects of symptomatic hyponatremia
Authors: Weismann Dirk , Schneider Andreas , Höybye Charlotte
Published: September 2016

Hyponatremia (HN) is a common condition, with a large number of etiologies and a complicated treatment. Although chronic HN has been shown to be a predictor of poor outcome, sodium-increasing treatments in chronic stable and asymptomatic HN have not proven to increase life expectancy. For symptomatic HN, in contrast, the necessity for urgent treatment has broadly been accepted to avoid the development of fatal cerebral edema. On the other hand, a too rapid increase of serum sodium in chronic HN may result in cerebral damage due to osmotic demyelinisation. Recently, administration of hypertonic saline bolus has been recommended as first-line treatment in patients with moderate-to-severe symptomatic HN. This approach is easy to memorize and holds the potential to greatly facilitate the initial treatment of symptomatic HN. First-line treatment of chronic HN is fluid restriction and if ineffective treatment with tolvaptan or in some patients other agents should be considered. A number of recommendations and guidelines have been published on HN. In the present review, the management of patients with HN in relation to everyday clinical practice is summarized with focus on the acute management.
Hibridinė transanalinė ir laparoskopinė ranka asistuojama TME sergant žemu tiesiosios žarnos vėžiu: atvejo analizė
Authors: Samalavičius Narimantas Evaldas , Dulskas Audrius , Aliukonis Vygintas , Račkauskas Rokas , Kilius Alfredas
Published: September 2016

Totalinė mezorektinė ekscizija (TME) yra plačiai pripažintas auksinis tiesiosios žarnos vėžio gydymo standartas. Operuojant ligonius, sergančius žemu tiesiosios žarnos vėžiu, iškyla išangės raukų išsaugojimo, teigiamų rezekcijos kraštų ir daug kitų klausimų. Mes aprašėme 52 metų amžiaus moters, operuotos dėl žemo tiesiosios žarnos vėžio, atvejį. Šiai ligonei buvo atlikta hibridinė laparoskopinė ranka asistuojama TME su distalinės tiesiosios žarnos dalies išpreparavimu per tarpvietę. Ateityje reikalingi tyrimai, kurie padėtų nustatyti robotinės chirurgijos, transanalinės TME (Ta TME) ir hibridinės laparoskopinės TME su distalinės tiesiosios žarnos dalies išpreparavimu per tarpvietę indikacijos žemo tiesiosios žarnos vėžio chirurgijoje.
Masalah dan Solusi Patologi Sosial Di Kota Tangerang Selatan
Authors: Syarif Mujar Ibnu
Published: September 2016

Masalah dan Solusi Patologi Sosial di Kota Tangerang Selatan Dalam perspektif Islam, patologi sosial dipandang sebagai sesuatu yang sangat urgen untuk dibersihkan dari  tengah kehidupan umat Islam. Adanya beberapa aturan dalam kitab suci al-Qur’an dan hadits Nabi Muhammad saw yang secara eksplisit mengharamkan umat Islam untuk mendekati zina,  mengonsumsi minuman yang memabukan, dan berjudi, sangat  jelas membuktikan adanya kepedulian Islam yang begitu tinggi terhadap upaya pencegahan dan penanggulangan  berbagai penyakit sosial dari tengah kehidupan publik.  Kata Kunci: Patologi sosial, Kota Tangerang Selatan, vaksin sosial. Abstract: Problem and Solution of Social Pathology in South Tangerang City In Islamic perspective, social pathology is seen as something very urgent to be cleaned from the lives of Muslims. The existence of multiple rules in the the Koran and and Hadith that  explicitly forbids Muslims to approach adultery, consuming alcoholic beverages, and gamble, clearly proving  of the  high of Islamic awareness on the need of prevention and control of various of social pathologies from the  public life. Keywords: Patologi sosial, Kota Tangerang Selatan, vaksin sosial.
HUMAN TRAFFICKING; Implikasi Konstitusional Kejahatan Perdagangan Orang Terhadap Hak Hidup Warga Negara
Authors: Yunus Nur Rohim
Published: September 2016

Masalah perdagangan orang atau Human Trafficking merupakan salah satu ancaman besar negara Indonesia. Setiap tahun hampir ribuan perempuan dan anak di Indonesia menjadi korban kejahatan trafficking. Tapi uniknya kejahatan ini, terkadang tidak menjadikan diri korban merasa dijadikan korban. Provinsi-provinsi di Indonesia menjadi sumber maupun tujuan perdagangan manusia terutama adalah Jawa diikuti kemudian oleh Kalimantan Barat, Lampung, Sumatra Utara, Banten Sulawesi Selatan, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur, dan Sulawesi Utara. Bahkan modus perdagangan gadis remaja terutama dari wilayah Kalimantan Barat ke Taiwan yang berpura-pura sebagai pengantin wanita ternyata dipaksa menjadi pelacur. Pemasalahan ini bukanlah masalah baru dan tidak hanya terjadi di Indonesia saja melainkan juga di negara-negara lain, seperti Saudi Arabia, Jepang, Malaysia, Hongkong, Taiwan, Singapura dan beragai negara lain. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Perdagangan orang tidak lagi terbatas pada batas-batas wilayah negara, akan tetapi berlangsung melalui lintas batas. DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v3i2.3675
Searching for the first bass drum pedal
Authors: Archibald Paul
Published: September 2016

The drum kit is an instrument of great importance to most forms of popular music ever since its conception in the late nineteenth century. The bass drum pedal is key to bringing the drum kit together; utilizing the player’s foot gives freedom for both hands to be used elsewhere. This device is considered to have been invented for the first trap drummers, and it is true that the drum kit was truly born when the bass drum pedal became adopted amongst early percussionists. However, this article presents a history of the bass drum pedal that predates the drum kit far earlier than previously considered.
Hucklebucking at the tea dances
Authors: Miller Rebecca
Published: September 2016

Showband music emerged in Ireland in the mid-1950s as a hybrid genre that drew on popular music from Britain and the United States. Consisting of electric guitar and bass, drums, piano, a horn section, and a charismatic lead singer, showbands performed an eclectic mix of covers of rock’n’roll, pop songs, country and western, songs from the English Top Ten, and an occasional Irish popular song. Learning the newest hits from American and British radio broadcasts, showband musicians brought new sounds and provocative choreographies to their dancing audiences, ultimately revolutionizing popular entertainment in Ireland. In Britain, showbands were popular among the thousands of young Irish who emigrated there from the 1950s through the 1960s. Irish showbands in residence in British dance halls and on tour from Ireland underscore hybridity at its most inventive with the host culture serving as both an object of imitation as well as a source of creative transformation. Showbands offered a vital network that connected their largely young, immigrant audiences throughout Britain. Showband music served as a progressive and generative force in Ireland’s changing social, cultural, and economic landscape; in Britain, the genre translated into a more conservative expression among the emigrant Irish, but one that served as a bridge between Ireland and contemporary British culture.
MEDIÇÕES ESPECTROFOTOMÉTRICAS DA OXIDAÇÃO NO DOSÍMETRO QUÍMICO FRICKE XYLENOL GEL (FXG): AVALIAÇÃO DAS DISPOSIÇÕES DAS AMOSTRAS PÓS-IRRADIAÇÕES
Authors: Oliveira Lucas Nonato de , Almeida Adelaide de , Caldas Linda V.E.
Published: September 2016

O método espectrofotométrico foi usado para determinação da oxidação em gel dosimétrico químico. Este baseia-se sobre a reação de Fe2+ para Fe3+ o qual a leitura aumenta de acordo com o sinal de absorbância em 585 nm. O dosímetro químico foi irradiação e mantido sobre as posições horizontais e verticais com e sem tampa para analises de oxidação devido à radiação ou contato com oxigênio. O método foi aplicado com sucesso para a determinação de oxidação em Fricke Xylenol Gel (FXG), e os resultados estão de acordo com a posição melhor acomodação deste dosímetro gel química.
TRATAMENTO DE UM EFLUENTE MODELO TÊXTIL VIA REAÇÃO DE FENTON
Authors: Rocha Janara Aline , Koslowski Luciano André Deitos , Licodiedoff Silvana , Riella Humberto Gracher
Published: September 2016

Nos últimos anos, a problemática de contaminações ambientais atingiu grandes proporções e as indústrias têxteis tem grande colaboração neste cenário, pois possuem um dos processos de maior geração de poluentes, contribuindo com uma carga poluidora rejeitada no meio ambiente, que quando não tratado corretamente são indutores de sérios problemas de contaminação ambiental. As exigências de qualidade da água evoluíram e prosseguem, em processo contínuo, acompanhando os avanços do conhecimento técnico e científico. Os padrões de qualidade tornam-se gradativamente mais exigentes. Uma forma de tratar estes resíduos é pela técnica dos Processos Oxidativos Avançados (POA's), que são processos com potencial de produzir radicais hidroxila (•OH), espécies altamente oxidantes, capazes de melhorar a matéria orgânica. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a aplicação de um Processo Oxidativo Avançado no tratamento de efluentes têxteis, denominado processo oxidativo de Fenton. Nos estudos realizados, envolvendo a degradação dos corantes Azul turquesa e Verde malaquita, por meio de um planejamento fatorial, análises de absorbância, DQO e pH, ficou evidenciada a elevada capacidade de degradação da reação de Fenton. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que em pH 3,0 e temperatura de 25°C a remoção de cor foi de 99,3% e a DQO de 85,7%. A 50°C com o mesmo valor de pH a remoção de cor foi de 94,6%, e a DQO de 92,8%.
FAIRS OF SCIENCE AS ENCOURAGEMENT TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PERCEPTION OF ELEMENTARY AND HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Ruiz Mauro Silva , Quaresma Cristiano Capellani , Santos Ayron Barbosa dos , Ogashawara Igor , Ferreira Maurício Lamano , Cortes Tatiana Tucunduva Philippi
Published: September 2016

The definition of environment, which disregard the changes resulting from historical progressive rupture of man in relation to his surroundings, is one of the conceptual errors that hinder the understanding and solution of environmental problems of the present. Such difficulties are deepened by the extreme specialization of knowledge that undermined the understanding of environmental problems, making critical analysis urgent and able to integrate different areas of knowledge. Science and technology fairs can be seen as important initiatives to this integration. Thus, this study aimed to verify the perception of students participating in Febrace (Brazilian Science and Engineering Fair) in relation to the environment and the impacts of this fair in raising awareness about that issue. This is a quali-quantitative research based on bibliographic and documentary surveys and interviews with primary and secondary students who were responsible for the projects presented in that fair. The results showed that the majority of respondents (over 74%) have a more elaborate and globalizing vision of the concept of environment. It was also found that, in general, interviewed students could observe positive influences of the fair on their environmental perception and felt more interested and motivated to understand and discuss environmental problems.
Editorial
Authors: Leite José Yvan Pereira
Published: September 2016

Neste quarto volume do ano de 2016 são publicados 34 artigos com contribuições das áreas de engenharia (agronomia, ambiental, alimentos, civil, mineral, produção e química) e humanidades (artes, educação, ciências sociais, ensino e história), ciências aplicadas (administração, direito e gestão). Os artigos são essencialmente advindos do Brasil, no entanto existem contribuições da Argentina, Cuba, Equador, México e Portugal.A diversidade dos assuntos tratados reforça o caráter interdisciplinar do periódico e avança para a quebra do paradigma das revistas especializadas, tendo em vista que as buscas pelos artigos são realizadas através de palavras-chave nas bases de dados.Com o objetivo de ampliar as citações é realizado um esforço para a elevação de artigos publicados em língua estrangeira, que neste volume representam 14,70%. Esta editoria trabalha para que neste ano se alcance valores da ordem de 20%.O Google Scholar acaba de publicar suas métricas para o quinquênio 2011-2015, na qual o índice h5 do periódico apresentou resultado igual a 6 e mediana h5 igual a 8. Estes números mostram uma elevação em relação ao quinquênio anterior, demostrando a evolução das citações do periódico pela comunidade acadêmica. A evolução deste indicador se encontra disponível em http://www2.ifrn.edu.br/ojs/index.php/HOLOSA publicação deste número vai ao público em momento conturbado da jovem democracia brasileira, tendo em vista o processo de impeachment da presidente da república do Brasil, no último dia do mês de agosto.As informações que circulam na sociedade são de que as primeiras ações do governo se associam a reduções de investimentos em várias áreas, entre elas, políticas sociais, educação, ciência e tecnologia, saúde pública, infraestrutura, entre outras. Neste sentido, são observadas mobilizações sociais, tendo em vista a manutenção das importantes politicas públicas conquistadas no período 2002-2016.O periódico passou a integrar um novo indexador, o  RoMEO que é parte dos serviços SHERPA da University of Nottingham. É importante destacar o último resultado do Ranking Web c publicado pelo Cybermetrics Lab do Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) da Espanha, o qual o IFRN avança 13 posições e passa a ter a 101a posição no país, e segunda posição entre os Instituto Federais. O fortalecimento do periódico reflete o avanço neste indicador. Informação disponível em http://www.webometrics.info/en/Latin_America/Brazil?page=1Neste ambiente, as colaborações devem se ampliar para a manutenção da relação fluxo/qualidade das publicações visando um periódico estável e preparado para passar pelas turbulências.Os novos desafios estão acompanhados pelo espírito da juventude, maturidade dos cristais e sabedoria do tempo.Convido-os a visitarem o sumário para escolher aqueles artigos que os agradam, se gostarem dialoguem com os autores, partilhem nas redes sociais e citem em suas publicações!Boa leitura! Natal, 31 de agosto de 2016. Prof. José Yvan Pereira Leite
Drivers of openness to online and flipped learning in medical education
Authors: Kenwright Diane , Osborne Emma , Dai Wei , Grainger Rebecca
Published: September 2016

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. One online teaching approach that has gained popularity in health science education is the 'flipped classroom' where students undertake content learning prior to face-to-face class time, often via watching pre-recorded videos. This frees up contact time for activities which stimulate higher-order thinking. While previous studies have generally reported neutral to positive student feedback and effects on academic attainment, the quality of pre-class resources and time required for pre-class work have been identified as potential problems with the approach. A further issue identified in the literature is students' openness to adopting new forms of learning.This paper examines students' responses to the flipped classroom in two undergraduate medical education courses, in which students were assigned pre-work comprising a mix of short video lectures and brief online activities. Following the unanticipated finding that students in the fourth and fifth year courses formed very different views of a similar flipped learning intervention, this study explored:• How do students use online pre-class resources in a flipped classroom?• What factors influence students' openness to using online resources in a flipped classroom?This study used a course evaluation survey followed by focus group interviews to understand students' use of and attitudes towards the flipped classroom.Many students in groups reversed or wanted to reverse the intended 'flipped' order of classes to use the online material as revision aids rather than as pre-class work. Students in both groups identified that time pressure influenced the way they used the pre-class material. The fifth year cohort held a largely positive attitude towards the flipped classroom whereas the fourth year group held a largely negative view. Differences students' willingness to tolerate uncertainty, connections with clinical learning and metacognitive view of 'learning' itself appear to account for this difference in outcome.
Did the Iraq War Have a Body Bag Effect?
Authors: Bahador Babak , Walker Scott
Published: September 2016

Did mounting troop casualties during the Iraq War turn the American public against the conflict? Analyzing public opinion data from over 400 public polls during the first six years of the war, this article attempts to identify whether there was a “body bag effect” in play. We create a multi-variate model that tests a number of potential hypotheses including cumulative and marginal troop casualty as well as death milestone effects. We find that cumulative casualties provide a better explanation for the decline in public support than marginal casualties during the Iraq War. Contrary to the findings from the Korean and Vietnam Wars, this holds true during both periods of escalation and de-escalation.
AS DIMENSÕES MATERIAIS DA FOTOGRAFIA: CULTURA MATERIAL E RETRATOS DE FAMÍLIA * THE MATERIAL DIMENSIONS OF PHOTOGRAPHY: MATERIAL CULTURE AND FAMILY PORTRAITS
Authors: André Richard Gonçalves
Published: September 2016

Resumo: Este artigo reflete teoricamente sobre a fotografia para além do discurso visual, chamando a atenção para sua materialidade. Enfoca-se os retratos de família, imagens que representam diferentes dimensões da memória familiar, tais como a infância, os ritos religiosos, as formaturas, os casamentos e mesmo a morte. Compreende-se a cultura material, de acordo com as proposições do historiador Ulpiano Toledo Bezerra de Meneses, como processos cognitivos encarnados, inclusive em sua visualidade. Como discussão, sugere-se que, considerando que as fotos são coisas, é importante compreendê-las em seu processo de produção, circulação, recepção e ação, na medida em que, ultrapassando o tempo de vida de seus produtores, as fotografias ganham apropriações e usos específicos, inserindo-se em redes sociais híbridas, como sugere Bruno Latour.Palavras-chave: Retratos. Família. Cultura material. Abstract: This paper reflects theoretically about photography beyond the visual discourse, calling attention to its materiality. It delimits the so-called family portraits, images that represent different dimensions of family memory, such as childhood, religious rites, graduations, weddings and even death. Material culture is understood, according to the propositions of historian Ulpiano Toledo Bezerra de Meneses, as embodied cognitive process, including its visuality. As discussion, it is suggested that, considering photos are things, it is important to understand them in their process of production, circulation, reception and action, since they surpass the time life of their producers and get specific appropriations and uses, being inserted in hybrid social networks, as suggests Bruno Latour.Keywords: Portraits. Family. Material culture.
DO MITO A REALIDADE: A EXPEDIÇÃO CIENTÍFICA DE CASTELNAU, A ESTÁTUA AMAZÔNICA DE ARAÚJO PORTO ALEGRE E OS PRIMÓRDIOS DA HISTÓRIA PÁTRIA NO BRASIL IMPÉRIO * DU MYTHE A LA RÉALITÉ: L’EXPÉDITION SCIENTIFIQUE DE CASTELNAU, A ESTATUA AMAZÓNICA DE ARAÚJO PORTO ALEGRE ET LES DÉBUTS DE L’HISTORIA PATRIA AU BRÉSIL À L’ÉPOQUE IMPÉRIALE
Authors: Rozeaux Sébastien
Published: September 2016

Resumo: Dos anos 1840 e 1850 datam a definição das bases da História Pátria em geral, e mais especificamente da incipiente Arqueologia nacional, no Brasil Império. A compreensão da história mais remota do território brasileiro e do seu passado indigenista mobiliza muitos cientistas e letrados, estrangeiros e brasileiros. Nesta fase inicial, mitos e crenças fantásticas foram difundidas por alguns destes letrados, entre os quais figura o naturalista francês Francis de Castelnau, alvo dos escárnios de Araújo Porto-alegre em A Estátua amazônica. A análise detalhada do contexto de produção, difusão e recepção, e dos vários e ambíguos significados dessa “comédia arqueológica” oferece novos elementos para melhor compreensão das múltiplas “verdades” desta obra de ficção.Palavras-chave: Naturalismo, Teatro, História Pátria, Brasil Império, Viajantes franceses Résumé: La définition des fondements de l’História Pátria en général et de l’archéologie nationale en particulier datent au Brésil des années 1840 et 1850. La volonté de mieux comprendre l’histoire la plus ancienne du territoire brésilien et son passé indigène a mobilisé les efforts de nombreux scientifiques et lettrés, qu’ils soient étrangers ou brésiliens. Au cours de cette phase initiale, des mythes et des croyances fantaisistes ont pu être divulgués par certains de ces savants, parmi lesquels le Français Francis de Castelnau, objet des moqueries de Araújo Porto-alegre dans A Estátua Amazónica. L’analyse détaillée du contexte de production, de diffusion et de réception, ainsi que de la portée complexe et ambigüe de cette “comédie archéologique” fournit de nouvelles clés de lecture de cette œuvre de fiction.Mots-clés: Naturalisme, Théâtre, História Pátria, Brésil imperial, Voyageurs français.
El castillo español en la estampilla. Reflexiones en torno a la marca, el marketing y el territorio
Authors: Monroy Avella Fernando
Published: September 2016

España es un país de castillos. La estampilla española nos revela una colección de imágenes evolutiva de este edificio. Se trata de una iconografía que pasa de lo simbólico a lo figurativo; del instrumento ideológico a la valorización del patrimonio y, luego, a la narrativa cultural. El siglo xx nos muestra este dinamismo, sobre todo durante el franquismo, y nos revela que se puede hacer marketing territorial a partir de imágenes en apariencia banales y efímeras. Desviando la función inicial de la estampilla, reestructurando su lectura, podemos llegar a una nueva forma de observación y descubrir nuevos discursos. Así hacemos arqueología con este visual, comprendiendo la voluntad del poder, sus iniciativas en materia de comunicación y sus tendencias identitarias. España hace, a su manera, valorización turística con una imagen de marca, su marca patrimonial por excelencia: sus castillos.
The Greenhouse Gas Emission in the EU: VAR Analysis of the Relevant Variables
Authors: Kokotovic Filip , Kurecic Petar , Cingula Domagoj
Published: September 2016

This paper considers the relevance of a nexus of variables relevant to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations, as well as accomplishing the goals of the Paris Agreement. It empirically considers the 28 European Union (EU) member states, dividing them into three panels based upon the time of their accession to full EU membership. The empirical analysis consists of unit root tests, a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) framework, Granger causality test, and diagnostic tests. Based on the empirical results, there are significant differences between the post-transitional and original EU member states. This difference is most notable in the fact that only in the panel of countries that have acceded to the EU after 2004 there is a statistically significant link between energy consumption and the greenhouse gas emission. We, therefore, conclude that while not all EU member states exhibit signs of environmental imbalances, there still are significant differences between the EU 15 and the states that have acceded to full membership after 2004.
A leitura e a escrita em mutação: experiências no meio digital
Authors: Neitzel Adair Aguiar , Moraes Taíza Mara Rauen , Pareja Cleide Jussara Muller
Published: September 2016

Este artigo visa problematizar acerca das mutações de leitura que vem ocorrendo na contemporaneidade, haja vista o acesso aos novos suportes de textos, como a tela do computador, tablets e celulares. Trata-se de um olhar analítico, de caráter qualitativo, respaldado nos trabalhos desenvolvidos por Poulain (2012), Petit (2008), Bélisle (2011), Autor (Ano), entre outros, sobre experiências de leitura e de produção vivenciadas pelos licenciandos do curso de Letras da UNIVALI, bolsistas do programa PIBID, em uma escola pública do Ensino Médio de Barra Velha, SC/Brasil. Os instrumentos de coletas de dados foram: portfólios redigidos pelos licenciandos de Letras, bolsistas do PIBID, disponíveis no ambiente Sophia da instituição e entrevista com os alunos do Ensino Médio que participaram da pesquisa.  Os resultados indicam: a) a descoberta, por parte dos futuros professores de Letras, das potencialidades do texto literário em meio eletrônico tanto para leitura quanto para produção textual; b) exploração de múltiplas estratégias de leitura em meio digital; c) compreensão do conceito de intertextualidade por meio do romance Grau 26 e da produção de links nos textos elaborados; d) análise do papel do mediador de leitura no processo de formação de leitores.
Portable Laser Photoacoustic Methane Sensor Based on FPGA
Authors: Wang Jianwei , Wang Huili , Liu Xianyong
Published: September 2016

A portable laser photoacoustic sensor based on a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is reported for methane detection. A tunable DFB diode laser in the 1654 nm wavelength range is used as an excitation source. The photoacoustic signal processing was implemented by a FPGA device. A small resonant photoacoustic cell is designed. The minimum detection limit (1σ) of 10 ppm for methane (CH4) is demonstrated.
Identification of One BOCR Mutation and Five NF1 Mutations in Male Patients with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 and Congenital Pseudarthrosis of the Tibia
Authors: Zhou Zhifan , Zeng Yong , Wu Xinchun , Li Fei , Liu Xiaoyan , Zhou Lu , Hou Lihua , Sun Silong , Shen Lu , Lin Zhangyuan
Published: September 2016

Neurofibromatosis type1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the NF1gene. Although congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) has frequently been associated with NF1, the underlying molecular mechanism of CPT in these NF1 patients is yet ill-understood. The aim of the present study was to detect NF1 mutations from genomic DNA and to harbor variants associated with CPT in NF1 patients. Whole-exome sequencing was first carried out with samples from two patients with CPT in one NF1 family, and a novel mutation c.2324A>G (p.E775G) in NF1 gene was identified. Additionally, a missense variant c.455C>T (p.P152L) in BCOR gene completely co-segregated with the CPT phenotype within this family. Subsequently, NF1 and NF2 genes in four other unrelated patients with both NF1 and CPT were screened using targeted sequencing. Four mutations in NF1 gene, including two known mutations (c.2288T>C/p.L763P, c.574 C>T/p.R192*) and two novel mutations (c.768delT/p.F256Lfs*25, c.2229_2230delTG/ p.V744Qfs*23) were detected. Further study confirmed that CPT was present in NF1 families, and NF1 mutations were closely associated with these complex phenotypes. Moreover, the data from the current study indicated that male gender might be a susceptibility factor for CPT in NF1. Therefore, we speculated that BCOR variants might be related to CPT phenotype among male NF1 patients.
The Role of the Indigenous People in Agricultural Development in Papua, Indonesia
Authors: Mollet Julius Ary
Published: September 2016

This research project was funded by the Masterplan for Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesia's Economic Development (MP3EI). The objective of this study was to examine the role of indigenous people of Marind in the agricultural development of rice cultivation in Merauke. A survey was conducted in three villages in Merauke using stratified random sampling. The finding suggest that indigenous people of Marind have a crucial role in the agricultural development of rice cultivation in Papua.
Case Study: A New Salt-Tolerant Friction Reducer System Enables 100% Re-use of Produced Water in the Marcellus Shale
Authors: Xu Liang , Lord Paul , Riley Howard , Koons Justin , Wauters Todd , Weiman Sam
Published: September 2016

Friction reducers (FRs) are an important component for slickwater hydraulic fracturing applications. To continue to effectively treat multiple clusters in longer laterals, even for stages out near the toe area, a robust FR system is typically required to overcome pipe friction. Additionally, it is imperative to be able to use one single FR system throughout the entire treatment that can tolerate various water sources of varying salinity up to 300,000 ppm. This paper discusses the field trials of a new salt-tolerant FR system in the Marcellus shale.

A three-well trial program was initiated in the Marcellus. Various water sources with varying salinities were used with up to 100% re-use of produced water. The operator had not been able to keep the surface treating pressure between 8,000 and 8,500 psi using a standard anionic FR, which typically resulted in a lower pumping rate of less than 100 bbl/min; the first few stages using the standard FR in these wells indicated this was the case. After switching to the new FR, however, the pumping pressure immediately dropped to below 8,500 psi and the pumping rates were increased and maintained at 100 bbl/min.

This new salt-tolerant FR system consists of a water-in-oil cationic polymer and an inverter. Unlike other FRs, the distinctive advantage of the new FR is that the ratio between polymer and inverter can be readily adjusted on the fly to achieve maximum friction reduction. During the pumping operations, it was demonstrated that the inverter was sufficiently quick to invert and release the polymer from oil to water, and the cationic polymer was extremely efficient at reducing additional pipe friction, even with severely impaired water. Additionally, the use of a single FR reduces inventory stock and simplifies on location quality assurance of material usage.
Managed Pressure Drawdown in Utica/Point Pleasant with Case Studies
Authors: Belyadi Hoss , Fathi Ebrahim , Belyadi Fatemeh
Published: September 2016

Pressure drawdown management (PDM) has been heavily studied in offshore and onshore environments as a way to improve the well productivity and in general Estimated Ultimate Recovery (EUR). There has been a great interest in this topic, especially in unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, where multi-stage hydraulic fracturing and horizontal well technology is used to enhance oil and gas production. Recent studies on Inflow Performance Relationship (IPR) of shale oil/gas reservoirs have shown that unmanaged pressure drawdown (UPD) can potentially impact well productivity and profitability in different ways. Hydraulic fracture conductivity impairment is an example and can occur through proppant crushing, embedment, and fine migration. Uncontrolled pressure drawdown can also cause geo-mechanical effect in high-pressured reservoirs. Aggressive pressure drawdown has shown detrimental impact to EUR, flow capacity, and economics of the wells in Haynesville, Eagleford, and Point Pleasant/Utica shales. Wilson (2015) used a coupled geo-mechanics model with a large Haynesville data set that showed that effective stress on fractures is influenced by operational changes, and managed pressure drawdown can improve gas recovery. Deen et al. (2015) also illustrated that aggressive pressure drawdown can damage a well's performance in the Eagle Ford, while conservative pressure drawdown can impact the near term economic value. In shale reservoirs the impact of pressure drawdown management on well performance and EUR is mostly related to pressure dependent permeability.

Unmanaged pressure drawdown has also shown rapid transition from transient flow to boundary dominated flow in unconventional gas reservoirs. There is a balance between the rate in which the wells are produced and economic feasibility of the wells over time. Optimal economic production rate must be found for each area. The goal of this study is to analyze well productivity between wells that use managed drawdown versus unmanaged drawdown in over pressured formations such as Utica/Point Pleasant. The production performance of the wells will be analyzed using various reservoir techniques including superposition plot, diagnostic plots, history matching, and decline curve analysis. In addition, economic sensitivity will be run to find out the incremental increase in EUR needed to justify the delay in production. The optimum economic rate to produce the reservoir while maintaining the integrity of the reservoir is the ultimate goal producing from shale gas reservoirs, which will provide the maximum value for the shareholders.
Sand and Ceramic Proppant Performance in Thin Layer/Monolayer Conditions Subjected to Cyclic Stress
Authors: Herskovits Raphael , Fuss-Dezelic Tihana , Shi Jingyu , Wilcox Craig , Kaul Todd
Published: September 2016

Over the last several decades, the industry has generated a large amount of proppant performance data using designated API methods. However, recent studies validate that correlations and conclusions generated from standard API testing do not accurately predict ceramic proppant performance in unconventional reservoirs. This overestimate of proppant performance can have negative effects on initial well production, in addition to steepening the production decline curve. The same study suggests the modified API RP 19-C procedure for testing of proppant performance under thin layer/monolayer conditions yields results which better correlate with well production data trends. Also demonstrated in the study, the proppant pack failure mode and mechanism can be vastly different in a monolayer pack versus a multilayer pack and suggests that in order to improve well performance, operators would benefit by choosing proppants based on their ability retain fracture width under low proppant concentrations; such as 0.5 and 0.25 lb/ft2.

The presented study expands previously mentioned work to evaluate the influence of stress cycling on the performance of various proppants in thin pack/monolayer conditions. A cycle test involves a 2,000 psi/min ramp-up to desired pressure, 2 minute hold at pressure and ramp down to 25 psi. The process then repeats to obtain the desired numbers of cycles on the proppant. The results compare the performance of proppants under a single stress cycle to samples subjected to 3 or 5 cycles. Testing is performed with sample concentrations of 4 lb/ft2 (API standard) and 0.5 lb/ft2 (thin layer pack) at 6,000psi.

The results reveal a decrease in mechanical performance for all tested samples under 3 and 5 cycles as compared to standard 1 cycle test. Clay-based ceramic proppants and sand proppants show a significant increase in crush with an increase in number of cycles. Clay based samples appear to be especially sensitive to stress cycling under thin layer/monolayer conditions. For example, 3 cycles at 0.5 lb/ft2 loading, the crush resistance of clay based proppants increases by close to 8%, while sand crush increases by only 6%. This high sensitivity is not present when testing is performed at 4 lb/ft2. Intermediate strength ceramic (ISC) proppants show the highest resistance to cyclic stress under both thick proppant pack (4 lb/ft2) and thin proppant pack (0.5 lb/ft2) conditions.

Paper quantifies the effect of reduced fracture thickness and stress cycling on performance of different proppant types. This study further discusses advantages and limitations of designed of used method as compared to common API procedures.
Conditioning the Estimating Ultimate Recovery of Shale Wells to Reservoir and Completion Parameters
Authors: Alabboodi Maher J. , Mohaghegh Shahab D.
Published: September 2016

Oil and gas production from shale has increased significantly in the United States. Forecasting production and estimating ultimate recovery (EUR) using Decline Curve Analysis (DCA) is performed routinely during development and planning. Different methods to calculate EUR have been used in the industry (Hyperbolic Decline, Power Law, Stretched Exponential, Dung's and Tail-end Exponential). Traditionally, the decline curve analysis method by Arps (1945) was considered to be the best common tool for estimating ultimate recovery (EUR) and reserves. However, the Arps' equations over estimate of reserves when they are applied to unconventional reservoirs. Multiple modifications to Arp's method have been proposed in order to extend the applicability of DCA to forecast production and estimate the recovery from shale wells.

Decline Curve Analysis, including all its flavors that recently have surfaced, is essentially a curve fitting technique that does not take into account reservoir, completion and production characteristics when estimating EUR. In this paper, we compare the impact and influence of field measurements (reservoir, completion and production characteristics) on the estimations made by different DCA techniques. Since these new DCA techniques give rise to different EURs does it mean that they are giving more weight to one set of parameters at the expense of other sets (albeit, unintentionally)?

We perform four different types of DCA and calculate EUR for more than 200 wells in one asset in Marcellus shale. Then using data-driven analytics, we examine the impact of reservoir characteristics (porosity, total organic carbon, net thickness and water saturation), completion characteristics (number of stages, amount of fluid and proppant used per stage, injection rates and pressure), and operational constraints (well-head pressure) on the EUR calculated by each of the DCA techniques. The question we are trying to answer is whether the use of a particular DCA technique translates into the emphasis of a certain group of parameters.
MODELAGEM DE INTENÇÃO EMPREENDEDORA DE ESTUDANTES UNIVERSITÁRIOS USANDO EQUAÇÕES ESTRUTURAIS
Authors: Lima Sérgio Henrique de Oliveira , Ceglia Domenico , Rebouças Sílvia Maria Dias Pedro , Teixeira Aurora Amélia Castro
Published: September 2016

A pesquisa tradicional sobre intenção empreendedora tem destacado determinantes de naturezas demográfica (idade, gênero), psicológica (propensão ao risco, necessidade de realização) e contextual (experiência profissional, normas subjetivas). Este estudo se vale alguns fatores já abordados no campo – e adota novos – visando a compreender a intenção empreendedora de estudantes universitários. Com base em uma amostra de 242 alunos de Administração e Economia da Universidade Federal do Ceará, e utilizando modelagem de equações estruturais, as três hipóteses sugeridas a partir da literatura visitada foram confirmadas, levando à validação de um modelo em que (i) a experiência e o conhecimento acerca do processo empreendedor, (ii) a percepção sobre o tema empreendedorismo e a influência da imagem do empreendedor, e (iii) o estímulo ao empreendedorismo promovido pelas instituições de ensino superior – respectivamente, hipóteses H1, H2 e H3 – são fatores que explicam e influenciam a formação da intenção empreendedora.

http://dx.doi.org/10.21714/pretexto.v17i2.2772
Assessment of Women participation in Agriculture in	Vavuniya district, Sri Lanka
Authors: Tharani Gopalakrishnan , Akther Mohamed Sameem Roshan , Ananthini Nanthakumaran
Published: September 2016

An attempt was made to assess the women contribution towards agriculture in Vavuniya district, Sri Lanka. 60 farm family households' women were randomly selected from rural and urban area of Kovilkulam AI region of Vavuniya district in Sri Lanka and the data were collected by constructed questionnaire. The objectives of this study are to identify the factors contributing women participation in agriculture, to identify the constraints faced by the women in participating agriculture and to evaluate the women participation in decision making activity in agriculture. Minitab 15 and MS excel were used for data analysis. The level of women participation in agricultural activities was found out using chi-square test and the factors contributing for women participation in agricultural activities were identified using multiple regression analysis in urban and rural areas separately (α=0.05). The results revealed that 90% of the rural women respondents and 50% of the urban respondents participated in the agricultural activities which is a significant difference. The mean values of women participation in agricultural activities in urban and rural areas were 77 hours and 836 hours per annum respectively. The multiple regression model for women participation in urban area found that the participation of women negatively correlated with status of employment, age and education level (p=0.000). In rural area, age and educational level were negatively influencing on women participation in agricultural activities (p=0.000). R-square values of fitted regression models were 72 % and 91% in urban and rural area respectively 72% and 91% variation in respective women participation were explained by these models. The obstacles for the women in participation in agricultural activities were reported as lack of knowledge and training in agriculture field, family burden, cultural and social barriers and physical constraints. 60% of women from rural areas and 90% of women from urban areas were involved in decision making especially in the selection of crops and varieties for planting and livestock rearing. Enhancing the awareness and the technical knowledge to the women in the field of agriculture would contribute to increase income from agriculture at household level, district level and finally at national level. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 3, Issue-3: 159-162
Banking Sector Capitalization and Deposit Money Banks’ Profitability in Nigeria
Authors: Konboye Lambert Ejokor John , Nteegah Alwell
Published: September 2016

The incessant bank distress coupled with the poor financial intermediation capacity of the banking sector has been identified as the main problems of the banking subsector in Nigeria. This underscores the continue quest for increase capital base of banks as possible remedy to these problems. This development makes it imperative for us to examine how capitalization has affected banks profitability in Nigeria. To achieve our objectives, both panel and Partial Frontier efficiency analyses were utilized in this investigation. Using gross profits of 18 DMBs as dependent variable while capital base of DMBs, real income (GDP), financial deepening, interest rate and inflation rate are independent variables, we found that: capitalization has a significant impact on profitability of banks, while financial development, real income level were found to had contributed less to profitability of banks in Nigeria. It was further discovered that, interest rate has less implication on the profitability, while the impact of inflation on profitability of banks was positively but insignificantly. We also found that 58 % of the total variation in profitability is influenced by capital base, financial deepening, interest rate, GDP and price level in Nigeria over the period. The study further revealed that impact of capitalization on profitability of banks is the same across the banks. Finally, using the partial efficiency frontier analysis, we found that Unity Bank and UBA performed better with improved capital base while Union and Heritage Banks performed abysmally with high capital base given the very low efficiency scores. Based on these findings, the study recommends; periodic upward review of capital base of banks, stable macroeconomic policy, and creating enabling environment for investments as ways of enhancing an efficient financial sector and growth of the Nigerian economy. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 3, Issue-3: 203-213