bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sentiment and Prejudice: Francis Ysidro Edgeworth on Women's Wages
Authors: Chassonnery-Zaïgouche Cléo , Cot Annie Lou
Published: July 2019

This paper describes the evolution of Edgeworth’s thought on women’s wages and on the principle of “equal pay for equal work”. We first document Edgeworth’s early works on “exact utilitarianism” as an epistemic basis for his reflections upon women’s wages. Second, we review his first writings on women’s work and wages: early mentions in the 1870s, his book reviews published in the Economic Journal, and the substantial preface he wrote for the British Association for the Advancement of Science 1904 report on Women in Printing Trades. Third, we document his 1922 British Association presidential address in relation to the burgeoning literature on women’s work and wages within political economy at the time. Finally, we show that his 1923 follow-up article on women’s wages and economic welfare constitutes an update of his “aristocratical utilitarianism” in the post-World War I context.
Sudahkan Kalian dan Mereka Bahagia ?
Authors: Nunki Ignasia
Published: July 2019

Bahagia, satu kata yang dapat diaplikasikan pada berbagai situasi, emosi, dan suatu keadaan. Setiap orang didunia ini pasti ingin memiliki hidup yang bahagia sebagaimana yang bisa dibayangkan. Banyak yang menjadikan bahagian sebagai tujuan dari hidup mereka, dan salah satunya mungkin diri kita sendiri.
Trik Strategi Menjadi Kepala Sekolah Profesional
Authors: Liddinia Udchiatul
Published: July 2019

Trik Strategi Menjadi Kepala Sekolah Profesional
tugas penyuntingan 1
Authors: ramadhan fahrudin
Published: July 2019

Secara garis besar kegiatan penyuntingan meliputi:a.Memperbaiki kesalahan-kesalahan yang kasat mata.b.Menghindari kontradiksi dan memperbaiki tulisan sebelumnya.c.Menyesuaikan gaya bahasa sesuai dengan kebijakan media yang bersangkutan.d.Meringkas beberapa kalimat menjadi satu atau dua kalimat yang memiliki kejelasan makna serupa.e.Menghindari adanya arti ganda dan tulisan yang membosankan.f.Melengkapi tulisan dengan anak kalimat atau subjudulg.Memperbaiki judul supaya menarik.h.menulis keterangan gambar atau pekerjaan lain yang terkait dengan tulisan yangi.disunting.j.Menelaah kembali hasil tulisan yang telah dicetak, mungkin masih terdapat kesalhank.secara redaksional atau substansial.
ANTARA HOAX DAN FAKTA KASUS AUDREY SISWI DI SMPN 17 PONTIANAK
Authors: 32318424 Reski Lofiona
Published: July 2019

Dewasa ini maraknya kasus kenakalan remaja di Indonesia seakan-akan menjadi hal yang wajar.Tidak adanya bimbingan orang tua menjadi salah satu penyebab maraknya kasus ini.Seperti halnya kasus Audrey karna kurangnya perhatian orang tua terhadap seorang anak di bawah umur anaklah yang menjadi korbannya.Perilaku yang seharusnya di hindari justru menjadi hal yang di kagumi.Perbuatan pembohongan public yang dilakukan Audrey mencerminkan bahwa didikan yang diterimanya dari orang tua seperti itu.Karna perilaku sesorang mencerminkan nilai dari orang tersebut.Juga kita sebagai warga Negara yang baik,hendaknya menyaring terlebih dahulu apabila ada informasi yang belum tentu kebenarannya dan jangan mudah percaya kepada sesuatu yang belum di yakini.
Toleransi dimensi dan geometri-Analisis rantai variasi dalam proses perakitan produk
Authors: Syam Wahyudin Permana
Published: July 2019

Analisis rantai variasi (toleransi) sebuah produk merupakan metode analisis yang sangat penting diketahui. Metode ini dapat digunakan untuk menganalisis cacat dari suatu disain atau memprediksi total variasi pada sebuah karakteristik kunci sebuah produk setelah dirakit, sebelum proses manufaktur produk tersebut dimulai. Buku ini menjabarkan mulai dari pengertian toleransi dimensi dan geometri (GD&T), analisis dan alokasi toleransi sampai dengan perspektif mengenai pentingnya penerapan metode ini di industri-industri manufaktur dan mengenai topik-topik riset terkini di bidang toleransi.
17 Tips Kunci Manajemen Pendidikan yang Harus Diketahui
Authors: Mufarrochah Siti Umi
Published: July 2019

17 Tips Kunci Manajemen Pendidikan yang Harus Diketahui
MEMBACA EKSTENSIF
Authors: ramadhan fahrudin
Published: July 2019

membaca cepat dan efektif yaitu jenis membaca yang mengutamakan kecepatan, dengan tidak meninggalkan pemahaman terhadap aspek bacaanya. Dengan demikian seseorang dengan membaca tidak hanya kecepatannya yang menjadi patokan namun juga disertai pamahaman dan bacaan.
Tugas Penyuntingan1
Authors: ramadhan fahrudin
Published: July 2019

Secara garis besar kegiatan penyuntingan meliputi:a.Memperbaiki kesalahan-kesalahan yang kasat mata.b.Menghindari kontradiksi dan memperbaiki tulisan sebelumnya.c.Menyesuaikan gaya bahasa sesuai dengan kebijakan media yang bersangkutan.d.Meringkas beberapa kalimat menjadi satu atau dua kalimat yang memiliki kejelasan makna serupa.e.Menghindari adanya arti ganda dan tulisan yang membosankan.f.Melengkapi tulisan dengan anak kalimat atau subjudulg.Memperbaiki judul supaya menarik.h.menulis keterangan gambar atau pekerjaan lain yang terkait dengan tulisan yangi.disunting.j.Menelaah kembali hasil tulisan yang telah dicetak, mungkin masih terdapat kesalhank.secara redaksional atau substansial.
Verificatie van data-integriteit, validiteit, en voorwaarden
Authors: Peters Gjalt - Jorn Ygram , Pat-El Ron Jonathan
Published: July 2019

This is a Dutch-language practical guide to data screening, discussing how to plan for and subsequently check for data integrity, validity, and assumptions of analyses.
Brokering Orientations and Social Capital: Influencing Others’ Relationships Shapes Status and Trust
Authors: Halevy Nir , Halali Eliran , Cohen Taya R.
Published: July 2019

Individuals often influence others’ relationships, for better or worse. We conceptualize social influence processes that impact others’ social networks as brokering, and advance a multifaceted model that explains how brokering behaviors can create, terminate, reinforce, and modify others’ network ties. To empirically study brokering, we introduce and validate the Brokering Orientations Scale (BOS), a multidimensional measure that captures individuals’ behavioral tendencies to act as intermediaries, conciliators, and dividers. Six studies (N=1,723) explored the psychometric properties of the BOS (Studies 1a-1c) and investigated the effects of distinct forms of brokering on brokers’ social capital (Studies 2-4). The intermediary, conciliatory and divisive brokering orientations related differently to extraversion, agreeableness, perspective-taking, moral identity and Machiavellianism, among other individual differences. The effects of brokering on social capital varied as a function of the brokering orientation and the aspect of social capital. Intermediary behavior garnered status; conciliatory behavior promoted trust and prestige; and divisive behavior fueled brokers’ perceived dominance. Overall, the current paper elucidates the concept of brokering orientations, introduces a novel measure of brokering orientations, and explains how brokering behavior shapes brokers’ social capital.
Tachyons but Not Photons Might Generate Conscious Dreams
Authors: Yousef Ahmad
Published: July 2019

We had learnt from cognitive vision that involuntarily visual awareness should be generated by exogenous stimuli; but not indigenous! Given the complexity of understanding the reasons behind the rapid eye movements during vivid dreams; dreams that carry highly bizarre information; dreams that disallow the human subjects to have control over what they see; these types of dreams should be therefore reside under the umbrella of the “involuntary human awareness”. We therefore suggest possibilities of physical particles that could carry the visual information of these extraordinary exogenous stimuli; particles that should be able to invade the human’s eyes while they are closed; particles that have the ability to move the eye rapidly aiming for perfect transformation of the visual information. The present research aims to talk about these particles, proposes scenarios of how human eye & retina deal with them.
The Impact of A Marriage Checkup With Transgender Couples
Authors: Minten Mary , Dykeman Cass
Published: July 2019

This study aims to fill the gaps in relationship wellness intervention research by providing a relationship wellness program, the Marriage Check (MC), to transgender couples. Transgender couples (defined, for this study, as couples where one or both partners self-identify as transgender) may benefit from an MC as a brief prevention program to support relationship health. The research question for this study was: What is the impact of a Marriage Checkup on transgender couples’ relationship satisfaction? Researchers created a small pilot study using single-subject design methods – specifically a non-concurrent, multiple-baseline, and a multiple-probe design. Three couples participated in this investigation in which one or both partners identified themselves as transgender. The MC and relationship satisfaction were the independent and dependent variables, respectively. Findings from the visual analysis and non-overlapping of pairs (NAP .87) showed that the MC positively influenced relationship satisfaction for all three couples. The outcomes of the study suggest that the MC may increase relationship satisfaction for some transgender couples. Further research is worth pursuing in this field.
Multiliteracies in local curricula: conceptual contextualizations of transversal competence in the Finnish curricular framework
Authors: Palsa Lauri , Mertala Pekka
Published: July 2019

The international trend of competency-based curricula is evident in the curricular framework in Finland. In the latest effort of curricular reform, seven transversal competencies were introduced to the Finnish educational system. In this article, we analyse the ways in which multiliteracy as a transversal competency, presented in the Core Curriculum for Basic Education in Finland (2014), has been conceptually contextualized in local curricula. The study revealed that in most local curricula, the definition of multiliteracy was not contextualized within local settings. For the curricula in which contextualizations took place, most conceptual contextualizations focused on the level of practice (85%), level of definition (63%) and level of rationale (21%). Conceptual contextualizations were made through emphases, specifications, descriptions and expansions. The article contributes by highlighting the ways in which broadly defined competencies can be contextualized to local settings, offering new knowledge among growing extant literature on competency-based curricula. In addition to the contextualization process, the present study offers new insights into the ways in which the concept of multiliteracy can be understood.
Simulacija cjelovitog sustava gospodarenja komunalnim otpadom Republike Hrvatske
Authors: Mustapić Nenad , Markovinović Branimir
Published: July 2019

Republika Hrvatska kao članica EU-a dužna je provesti planiranje i realizaciju cjelovitog sustava gospodarenja komunalnim otpadom što predstavlja direktnu implementaciju načela kružnog gospodarstva. U ovome radu opisan je postupak definiranja matematičkog modela cjelovitog sustava gospodarenja komunalnim otpadom u Republici Hrvatskoj primjenom metode analize materijalnih tokova i metode analize tokova tvari. U simulacijskom modelu pretpostavljena su tri različita trenda predviđanja generiranja komunalnog otpada. Provedena je simulacija sustava za razdoblje od 15 godina, od 2015. do 2030. godine. Na primjeru rezultata simulacije sustava za 2020. godinu može se zaključiti da postoji veliki potencijal dugoročne samoodrživosti sustava. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju da se u sustavu od ulaznog masenog toka otpada 25,6 % preradi u razne vrste reciklata, 7,5 % se preradi u kompost, dok se samo 19,5 % otpada odloži na odlagališta. Rezultati indiciraju da je moguća značajna proizvodnja električne energije upotrebom dobivenog bioplina i krutog oporabljenog goriva u odgovarajućim energetskim postrojenjima.
Primjena ekoloških načela u obradi metala odvajanjem čestica
Authors: Kostadin Tihana , Cukor Goran , Mihalić Tihomir
Published: July 2019

Većina tekućina za obradu metala koje se primjenjuju za hlađenje i podmazivanje pri različitim postupcima obrade metala odvajanjem čestica formulirana je iz mineralnih ulja koja se izdvajaju iz sirove nafte. Zbrinjavanje otpadnih tekućina otvara brojna ekološka pitanja osobito kada se uzme u obzir da se radi o jednom od najsloženijih i najopasnijih vrsta otpada. Razvoj ekološke svijesti uz istovremeno donošenje novih, strožih zakonskih regulativa u svrhu zaštite prirodnih dobara kao i razvoj sustava za upravljanje zdravljem i
sigurnošću osoba na radu sve više usmjeravaju proizvodnu industriju prema razvoju i implementaciji alternativnih tehnika hlađenja i podmazivanja u obradi metala te u konačnici suhoj obradi. Tako se danas već govori o posebno prilagođenoj obradi odnosno proizvodnji koristeći nazive "ekološki prihvatljiva obrada", "održiva proizvodnja", "zelena proizvodnja" i sl. U ovome radu istražuju se mogućnosti i prednosti primjene alternativnih tehnika hlađenja i podmazivanja, a posebno hlađenje vrtložnom cijevi. Također, evaluacija obrade obuhvaćena je eksperimentalnom studijom u svrhu razumijevanja vjerojatnih utjecaja korištenja hlađenja vrtložnom cijevi na troškove proizvodnje. Studija slučaja odnosi se na obradu martenzitnog nehrđajućeg čelika. Pokazano je
da troškovi alata predstavljaju glavni doprinos ukupnom trošku proizvodnje i da u usporedbi s emulzijom za obradu metala hlađenje vrtložnom cijevi nudi ekonomično rješenje na putu prema održivoj obradi.
Unapređenje zdravlja i sigurnosti osoba zaposlenih u djelatnosti bolnica
Authors: Laušin Veronika , Longin Peš Vinka
Published: July 2019

Inicijativom Hrvatskog zavoda za zdravstveno osiguranje te tijela i institucija uključenih u rad Komunikacijske radne skupine započeo je Projekt promicanja zdravlja i sigurnosti na radu prvenstveno u djelatnostima u kojima je analizom podataka iz informacijskog sustava Hrvatskog zavoda za zdravstveno osiguranje u proteklom razdoblju uočen visok broj prijavljenih ozljeda na radu. Uzimajući u obzir činjenicu da je u razdoblju od 2009. do 2018. (s iznimkom 2012. g.) djelatnost bolnica na prvom mjestu po broju prijavljenih ozljeda na radu te da su klinički bolnički centri poslodavci s najvećim brojem prijavljenih ozljeda na radu u djelatnosti bolnica, u koordinaciji s Nacionalnim programom zaštite zdravlja na radu osoba zaposlenih u djelatnosti zdravstvene zaštite za razdoblje 2015.–2020., cilj ovog Projekta je promicanjem zdravlja i sigurnosti na radu u ovoj djelatnosti postići smanjenje rizika za zdravlje na radnom mjestu te posljedično utjecati na povećanje razine sigurnosti, zdravlja i zadovoljstva djelatnika. Rezultati provedenih analiza te anketnog ispitivanja djelatnika kliničkih bolničkih centara ukazuju na područja u kojima ima prostora za poboljšanje te na sadržaje na koje treba usmjeriti planirane edukacije u sklopu specifične zdravstvene zaštite radnika s ciljem osnaživanja kulture sigurnosti i prevencije u ovoj djelatnosti.
Bending analysis of functionally graded beam with porosities resting on elastic foundation based on neutral surface position
Authors: Phuong Nguyen Thi Bich , Tu Tran Minh , Phuong Hoang Thu , Long Nguyen Van
Published: July 2019

In this paper, the Timoshenko beam theory is developed for bending analysis of functionally graded beams having porosities. Material properties are assumed to vary through the height of the beam according to a power law. Due to unsymmetrical material variation along the height of functionally graded beam, the neutral surface concept is proposed to remove the stretching and bending coupling effect to obtain an analytical solution. The equilibrium equations are derived using the principle of minimum total potential energy and the physical neutral surface concept. Navier-type analytical solution is obtained for functionally graded beam subjected to transverse load for simply supported boundary conditions. The accuracy of the present solutions is verified by comparing the obtained results with the existing solutions. The influences of material parameters (porosity distributions, porosity coefficient, and power-law index), span-to-depth ratio and foundation parameter are investigated through numerical results.

Keywords: functionally graded beam; bending analysis; porosity; elastic foundation; bending; neutral surface.

Received 10 December 2018, Revised 28 December 2018, Accepted 24 January 2019
Eine Vorwärtsstrategie für Buchenholz ist eine Vorwärtsstrategie für Waldeigentümer (Essay)
Authors: Häner Raphael , Ries Gabriella , Vögtli Stefan , Schoch Philipp
Published: July 2019

A strategy for beech wood is a strategy for forest owners (essay)

In the two cantons of Basel-Land and Basel-Stadt, there are about 8.2 million m3 of growing stock, of which 3.2 million m3 or 40% is beech. Due to general economic conditions, in recent decades forest owners have had increasing difficulty in adding value to their wood. To remedy this situation, they contributed to the construction of the Basel wood-fired heating plant, which has been producing heat and energy from about 100 000 loose cubic metres (lcm; 36 000 m3) of forest wood from the two Basel cantons and about 140 000 lcm forest wood and waste wood from the surrounding area every year since 2008. In 2012, they launched the project “Building with Beech”, which aims to replace concrete and steel in building construction with beech lumber. The plant in question – Fagus Suisse SA – became operational this year. As a result, the forest owners of the two Basel cantons are no longer only producers of wood in the rough, but also stakeholders in the wood processing industry. However, measures in the field of wood processing are not enough to bring forestry enterprises back to profitability. They need a strategy to give value to other forest ecosystem services. The association WaldBeiderBasel has developed a catalogue of services that highlights the possibilities in this area. The key to success for the forest enterprises lies in recognising their own strengths and particularities and in intelligent cooperation with the private sector. It is important that forest owners and forest enterprises adapt to the needs of society and that their forest management practices demonstrate the sustainable use of natural resources.
Auswirkungen der Wertastung auf das Douglasien-Wachstum: Ergebnisse aus Nordwestdeutschland
Authors: Weller Andreas
Published: July 2019

Effects of pruning on the growth of Douglas-fir: findings from northwestern Germany

Owing to Douglas-firs' insufficient self-pruning ability, for the production of high-grade wood, manual pruning is mandatory. Pruning of live branches increases the branch-free tree volume considerably. Branchiness is important for grading wood quality, but with pruning this detrimental characteristic loses its significance for the value of the Douglas-fir asset. In 1980, trials were conducted in the forest district of Ahlhorn (Lower Saxony, Germany) with three-year-old Douglas- firs to test the effects of live pruning on tree growth. The sample material consists of 93 trees which were periodically pruned beginning from a height of 6 to 8 m up to 20, 40 and 60% of tree height, as well as of 9 Douglas-firs of the unpruned control group. However, only specimens with a pruning height of 60% had live branches removed at each pruning. By means of a multivariate linear regression model the effects of pruning on the dependent variates diameter at breast height (dbh), tree height, stem taper of the butt log and maximum branch diameter approximately at a whorl's height of 5 m were studied up to the age of 39 years. Pruning of live branches had a significant effect on periodic radial growth as well as on bottom log allocation, though not on tree height or branch diameter. Live prune led to moderate reduction of radial increment and had a positive effect on stem taper. The results of the study largely agree with earlier studies on the effects of pruning on Douglas-fir growth.
Effect of Persian and English colour collocations on L2 learners' proficiency
Authors: Hashemian Mahmood
Published: July 2019

Collocations play an important role in L2 teaching and learning. The present study investigated the effect of color collocations in L2 learning. This study was done in 2 phases: In the first phase, the frequency of color collocations was calculated in English and Persian. Two lists of English and Persian color collocations were chosen. Each list included 100 color collocations. The English collocations were chosen from English collocation dictionaries, but the Persian color collocations were chosen by the Persian native speakers. Chi-square results indicated that there were some differences between the 2 languages, but the differences were not statistically significant. In the second phase, the (possible) effect of color collocations on upper-intermediate and advanced L2 learners� proficiency was investigated. Sixty upper-intermediate and advanced L2 learners, both male and female, were chosen from a private language institute in Isfahan, Iran. The minimum and maximum ages of the participants were about 15-38, and their homogeneity was tested by the OPT. Participants were given a pretest in order to measure their color collocational knowledge. Then, after the treatment, a posttest was administered. Results revealed that teaching collocations had a significant effect on the participants� proficiency.
The first women physicians in the history of modern Greek medicine
Authors: Geropeppa Maria , Altis Dimitris , Dedes Nikos , Karamanou Marianna
Published: July 2019

In an era when medicine in Greece was dominated by men, at the end of the 19th and during the first decades of 20th century, two women, Maria Kalapothakes [in Greek: Μαρία Καλαποθάκη] (1859-1941) and Angélique Panayotatou [in Greek: Αγγελική Παναγιωτάτου] (1878-1954), managed to stand out and contribute to the evolution of medicine. Maria Kalapothakes received medical education in Paris and then she returned to Greece. Not only did she contribute to several fields of medicine, but also exercised charity and even undertook the task of treating war victims on many occasions. Angélique Panayotatou studied medicine at the University of Athens and then moved to Alexandria in Egypt, where she specialized in tropical medicine and also engaged in literature. Panayotatou became the first female professor of the Medical School of Athens and the first female member of the Academy of Athens. In recognition for their contributions, Kalapothakes and Panayotatou received medals and honors for both their scientific work and social engagement.
The massage approach of Avicenna in the Canon of Medicine
Authors: Çetkin Murat , Bahşi İlhan , Orhan Mustafa
Published: July 2019

Massage is the manipulation of the body tissues by using techniques, such as rubbing, kneading, pressing, and rolling to sustain a state of health and wellness. Massage is one of the oldest and most natural healing applications in human history. Avicenna (980 – 1037) gained a very important position in the medical world with his most important work, the Canon of Medicine, known as the holy book of medicine in the Western world. Different types of massage were defined in the book. These were hard friction that braces the body, soft friction that relaxes the body, repeated friction that reduces the amount of fat in the body, moderately hard friction that improves the body, rough friction that leads the blood to the surface rapidly, gentle friction that increases blood flow in the application area, preparatory friction that prepares the body before exercise, and restorative friction that is applied after exercise which alleviates exhaustion. It may be seen that Avicenna, whose work shows influence of Greek and Roman physicians, was heavily influenced by Hippocrates and Galen. It is seen that the massage techniques and effect mechanisms defined by Avicenna about a thousand years ago have contributed a lot to the developments in massage through the historical process.
Öffentlichkeitsbeteiligung von privaten und staatlichen Akteuren im Vergleich. Das Beispiel der Bedarfsplanung für deutsche Stromnetze
Authors: Fink Simon , Hagendorf Winona , Klinger Niklas
Published: July 2019

Es ist etablierte Praxis, dass Behörden die Öffentlichkeit vor wichtigen Entscheidungen beteiligen. In jüngster Zeit sind auch private Akteure wie Unternehmen gefordert, vor Großprojekten die Öffentlichkeit zu beteiligen. Der Beitrag untersucht, wie sich Teilnehmerfeld und Stellungnahmen dieser Konsultationen unterscheiden in Abhängigkeit davon, ob Behörden oder Unternehmen die Konsultation durchführen. Empirischer Fall ist die Aufstellung des Netzentwicklungsplanes Strom durch Netzbetreiber und Bundesnetzagentur, die beide die Öffentlichkeit beteiligen. Ergebnis ist, dass BürgerInnen sich häufiger an die Bundesnetzagentur wenden, und dass vor allem professionelle Akteure der Interessenvermittlung die Möglichkeit der doppelten Konsultationsteilnahme nutzen. Die tauschtheoretische Vermutung, dass an die Netzbetreiber vor allem ökonomische und an die Bundesnetzagentur vor allem juristische Argumente gerichtet werden, bestätigt sich nicht. Allerdings nutzen die KonsultationsteilnehmerInnen die Konsultation bei der Bundesnetzagentur, um die mangelnde Responsivität der Netzbetreiber zu kritisieren. Eine Lösung könnte sein, staatlichen Akteuren mehr Kompetenzen zu geben, die Konsultationen von Unternehmen zu begleiten und rechtlich einzurahmen.
Permissive und restriktive Muster in den Asylpolitiken der Bundesländer
Authors: Reiter Renate , Töller Annette Elisabeth
Published: July 2019

Die Asylpolitiken der deutschen Bundesländer sind durch große Unterschiede gekennzeichnet. Im verbundföderalen System der Bundesrepublik Deutschland nutzen die Länder ihre Verwaltungshoheit für eigene Akzente bei der Umsetzung der bundeseinheitlichen Regelungen. Der Beitrag verfolgt das Ziel, entsprechende Unterschiede in den Asylpolitiken der Länder systematisch zu erfassen und einzuordnen. Die zentralen Fragen lauten: In welchem Ausmaß unterscheiden sich die Politiken in den Ländern? Und: Lassen sich Muster einer eher „restriktiven“ oder „permissiven“ Asylpolitik erkennen? In der Tat finden wir in der Anwendung des Asylbewerberleistungsgesetzes, den Rückführungspraxen und der (Nicht-) Einrichtung von Ankerzentren länderspezifische Muster einer eher „permissiven“, d. h. den Zugang von Geflüchteten zum sozialen und öffentlichen Leben erleichternden, oder eher „restriktiven“, d. h. Zugang hemmenden, Asylpolitik. Mit dieser systematisierenden Darstellung der Unterschiede in der Policy-Anwendung leisten wir einen Beitrag zur vergleichenden policyanalytischen Untersuchung der Asylpolitiken der Bundesländer und liefern die Grundlage für weitere, kausalanalytische Untersuchungen.
John, Peter (2018). How Far to Nudge? Assessing Behavioural Public Policy. Cheltenham (New Horizons in Public Policy), UK/Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar. 173 Seiten. ISBN: 9781786430564
Authors: Straßheim Holger
Published: July 2019

In the past decade, interventions informed by behavioural economics and psychology have spread across jurisdictions and policy areas. Worldwide, more than one hundred organizations and networks are developing and implementing nudges and other behavioural tools. After an initial phase of curiosity, attention is now shifting to the varieties of behavioural public policy, its institutional and cultural embeddedness, its impact and limitations. In his most recent book, Peter John explores some of the crucial questions related to this next phase of nudge. He discusses the role of nudge units, the limitations of behavioural approaches and the ethics of nudge. Most importantly, John proposes a deliberative and reflective version of nudging, nudge plus. Readers might miss an in-depth discussion of pressing problems such as the globalizing influence of behavioural expertise, the imperialism of evidence hierarchies and the political repercussions of nudging. Despite these deficits, the book will inspire both further research and critical debates.
Seckelmann, Margit (2018). Evaluation und Recht. Strukturen, Prozesse und Legitimationsfragen staatlicher Wissensgewinnung durch (Wissenschafts-)Evaluationen. Jus Publicum 2073. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. 685 Seiten. ISBN 978-3-16-154390-6
Authors: Schwab Oliver
Published: July 2019

“Evaluation and Law“ deals with the „social construction of quality in science and the ways of coddling it legally“ (Seckelmann, 2018, S. 20). Although clearly juridical, the study is also strongly interdisciplinary reflecting insights from sociology, political and administrative sciences and evaluation research. Between the constitutional guarantee of free research and the efforts to organise universities efficiently, evaluative procedures changed the university system significantly (projectification, complexity, etc.). From a legal perspective, these procedures need to be adequate for research, and simultaneously respect the limits set by the constitution in organisational and procedural terms. This requires public bodies to conceptualize evaluative procedures ex ante in the form of an evaluation legislation defining the purpose, procedure and potential use of evaluative procedures. The study is not only dealing with evaluation in a strict sense, but with different instruments of new public management. Specifically the visible tensions at the edge of disciplinary boundaries provoke interesting insights and questions.
Scholarly publishing on the blockchain – from smart papers to smart informetrics
Authors: Hoffman Michał Robert , Ibáñez Luis-Daniel , Simperl Elena
Published: July 2019

Blockchains provide decentralised, tamper-free registries of transactions among partners that may not trust each other. For the scientific community, blockchain smart contracts have been proposed to decentralise and make more transparent multiple aspects of scholarly communications. We show how an Ethereum-based suite of smart contracts running on top of a Web-enabled governance framework can facilitate decentralised computation of citations that is trustworthy. We implement and evaluate Smart Papers, and extend it with a model for decentralised citation counts. We show how our approach complements current models for decentralised publishing and informetrics calculation, and analyse cost and performance implications.
Seasonal changes in gross efficiency and aerobic capacity in well-trained road cyclists
Authors: Płoszczyca Kamila , Foltyn Jakub , Goliniewski Jakub , Krȩżelok Janusz , Poprzȩcki Stanisław , Ozimek Mariusz , Czuba Miłosz
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes to key aerobic performance determinants, namely maximal oxygen uptake (VO[Formula: see text]), lactate threshold (LT) and gross efficiency (GE) over the cycling season.

METHODS:

Twelve well-trained road cyclists completed three incremental tests during a season in order to determine VO[Formula: see text], LT and GE. The laboratory tests were performed using the following sequence: after the transition period (TRAN), during the preparatory period (PREP) and during the competition period (COMP).

RESULTS:

VO[Formula: see text] did not change significantly over the season. Workload at lactate threshold (WL[Formula: see text]) increased by 11% between the TRAN and COMP periods ([Formula: see text] 0.001), which was accompanied by an increase in oxygen uptake at lactate threshold (VO[Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text] 0.01). The percentage of VO[Formula: see text] at the LT changed from 80.1% to 85.6% ([Formula: see text] 0.05). GE increased from 21.9 [Formula: see text] 1.1% in TRAN to 22.8 [Formula: see text] 0.8% in COMP ([Formula: see text] 0.01). No significant correlations were found between VO[Formula: see text] and GE and between changes in GE and those in VO[Formula: see text] in any training period.

CONCLUSIONS:

In well-trained athletes, the training process contributes mostly to improvements in submaximal indicators, while it does not change VO[Formula: see text]. GE is an indicator that is expected to improve over the season, but further research is needed to explain the mechanisms responsible for the individual fluctuations of the GE value in athletes.
Review of botanical characterization, growth preferences, climatic adaptation and human health effects of Ericaceae and Empetraceae wild dwarf shrub berries in boreal, alpine and arctic areas
Authors: Nestby R. , Hykkerud A.L. , Martinussen I.
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND:

Interest in the wild berries of dwarf shrubs (wild berries) is increasing. Therefore, an update is important regarding how these species react to and interact with different climatic factors, and on how the predicted climatic changes will affect their distribution, growth and content of compounds affecting health.

OBJECTIVE:

To systemize knowledge of the Ericaceae and Empetraceae wild berry species.

METHODS:

A review of literature covering the above topics.

CONCLUSION:

This review includes five wild berry species and their subspecies: Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Vaccinium uliginosum, Vaccinium oxycoccos with ssp. microcarpon, and Empetrum nigrum with ssp. nigrum, hermaphroditum and japonicum. They have been and still are collected in the wild, by local households and industry. The berries have high content of biological compounds of interest for human health. Despite the increasing interest in and demand for these wild berries, domestication attempts have been rare. The species often grow together and are competitors. Which species dominate depends on soil conditions and is determined by small differences. The changing climate and various disturbances will also influence the distribution patterns of wild berries and competing plant species. Semi-cultivation in the natural habitat is probably the best solution for viable and sustainable commercial exploitation of these resources, at least if they are sold with the label “wild berries”. However, these species are easily propagated by fresh cuttings, and they can grow on arable land, adapting soil conditions to fit their growing preferences. Such cultivation, to our knowledge has not yet been performed on a large economic scale.
Saccadic Direction Errors are Associated with Impulsive Compulsive Behaviours in Parkinson’s Disease Patients
Authors: Barbosa Pedro , Kaski Diego , Castro Patricia , Lees Andrew J. , Warner Thomas T. , Djamshidian Atbin
Published: July 2019

Fifteen individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and impulsive compulsive behaviours (PD+ICB) were compared to 15 PD patients without ICBs (PD-ICB) and 15 healthy controls (HC) on a pro-saccades and an anti-saccades task to assess if ICBs are associated with distinct saccadic abnormalities. PD+ICB made shorter saccades than HC and more direction errors in the anti-saccades task than PD-ICB and HC, suggesting that patients with ICBs have greater difficulty in suppressing automatic saccades towards a given target. Saccadic assessment has the potential to evolve into a marker to guide therapeutic decisions in patients at risk of developing ICBs.
A Critical Review of “A randomized trial of the effects of the no-carrageenan diet on ulcerative colitis disease activity (Nutr. Healthy Aging. 2017; 4(2): 181–192).”
Authors: McKim James M. , Willoughby Jamin A. , Blakemore William R. , Weiner Myra L.
Published: July 2019

Carrageenan (CGN) is a widely used food additive commonly found in dairy products, dairy substitutes (such as almond milk and soy milk), deli meats, nutritional supplements, beverages, and infant formula. It is typically used as a gelling, thickening, emulsifying and stabilizing agent and to improve the mouthfeel of the product. Decades of research on CGN safety has been reviewed by numerous regulatory bodies across the world. These regulatory bodies have all agreed on the safety status of CGN used as a food additive. Despite this, a few groups have continually published reports using misinformation and misinterpretation of results to suggest that CGN is harmful. The study reviewed here, “A randomized trial of the effects of the no-carrageenan diet on ulcerative colitis disease activity (Bhattacharyya et al. Nutr. Healthy Aging. 2017; 4(2): 181–192)” from Joanne Tobacman’s group, is an example of this. In this study, Bhattacharyya et al. set out to assess the impact of CGN in the diet on the interval to relapse in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) who were currently in remission. For the study, UC patients in remission were instructed to participate in a “no carrageenan” diet. Some of the participants also received placebo capsules while others received CGN capsules. CGN, being a food additive, is mostly ingested as part of the diet, and typically bound to food protein. It is never ingested as a bolus in capsule form. The study contains errors in the interpretation of CGN literature and has cited studies that used degraded CGN, not food grade CGN. There are also issues with the use of statistical tests and data interpretation. In one instance, the authors seemed to ignore their own study results, suggested that CGN in the diet had no effect. Here we will review these issues as well as discuss how this study could have been approached to eliminate obvious bias.
Practical management of organic acidemias
Authors: Chapman Kimberly A.
Published: July 2019

Organic acidemias or acidurias (OAs) are a group of metabolic disorders which result in organic acids detected in the urine (or plasma). They include the systemic OAs, the cerebral OAs, and the ketogenic/ketolytic OAs. In general, all types of OA can be treated using a similar conceptual organization. The goals of therapy (acute and chronic) include reversal/prevention of catabolism, limitation of non-tolerated precursors, scavenging of toxic intermediates, replacement of the deficient product, use of cofactors when able and treatment of complications using standard methods. In the future, this framework will also include replacement of dysfunctional enzyme with a functional one. Here we review how this conceptional framework applies to the systemic OAs (propionic acidemia, methylmalonic aciduria without homocystinuria, and isovaleric acidemia), the cerebral OA (glutaric aciduria 1) and the ketogenic/ketolytic OA (HMG-CoA lyase deficiency). We review the current recommendations and use examples of how to use this conceptional framework.
Salient object detection method for breast tumor in ultrasound images based on absorbing Markov chain
Authors: Tang Xiaoling , Chen Ke , Han Lin , Peng Yulan , Li Cheng , Lin Jiangli
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND:

Automatic detection of tumor in breast ultrasound (BUS) images is important for the subsequent image processing and has been researched for decades. However, there still lacks a robust method due to poor quality of BUS images.

OBJECTIVE:

To propose and test a salient object detection method for BUS images.

METHODS:

BUS image is preprocessed by an adaptively selective replacement and speckle reducing anisotropic diffusion (SRAD) algorithm. Then, the preprocessed image is segmented into super pixels by a simple linear iterative clustering (SLIC) algorithm to form a graph model, and the saliency of the nodes in the graph is calculated by using the absorbed time of absorbing Markov chain (AMC). Finally, the initial saliency map is optimized by the recurrent time of ergodic Markov chain (EMC) and a distance weighting formula.

RESULTS:

Results of the proposed method were compared both qualitatively and quantitatively with two saliency detection models. It was observed that the proposed method outperformed the comparison models and yielded the highest Accuracy value (97.49% vs. 86.63% and 90.33%) using a dataset of 1000 BUS images.

CONCLUSIONS:

After the adaptively selective replacement, AMC can effectively distinguish tumors from background by random walks.
Correlation between 18F-FDG PET CT SUV and symptomatic or asymptomatic pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Yu Wei-Ye , Zhang Qian Qian , Xiao Yong , Tan Wei-Guo , Li Xiang-Dong , Lu Pu-Xuan
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVE:

To explore the difference of 18F-FDG PET/CT images between the symptomatic and asymptomatic pulmonary tuberculosis, as well as the correlation between the standard uptake value (SUV) and the symptomatic/asymptomatic pulmonary tuberculosis.

METHODS:

A study dataset of 57 pulmonary tuberculosis cases was retrospectively assembled and analyzed. Among these cases, 30 were diagnosed having symptomatic pulmonary tuberculosis and 27 were asymptomatic pulmonary tuberculosis. PET/CT was performed in all 57 cases. The clinical data, CT images and PET/CT radioactive uptake data were analyzed using statistical data analysis software.

RESULTS:

All 57 cases showed radioactively high uptake, with the maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) of the lesion ranging from 1.60 to 27.30 and a mean value of 6.63±4.82. The symptomatic cases had an SUVmax of 8.76±4.97 and the asymptomatic cases had an SUVmax of 4.27±3.39. The SUVmax as well as singular or multiple lesions showed statistical differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic cases.

CONCLUSION:

The symptomatic pulmonary tuberculosis cases show significantly higher SUVmax than the asymptomatic cases. Based on the criteria of SUVmax greater than 2.0 to define active lesions, 100% of symptomatic cases might have active lesions while 70.4% of asymptomatic cases might have active lesions. Therefore, focused attention should be clinically paid on the asymptomatic cases of pulmonary tuberculosis to avoid miss diagnosis and delayed treatment.
Research of motivation aspects of thematic improvement of specialists of pharmacy
Authors: Tolochko V. M. , Adokkinа V. Iu. , Dolznikova O. N.
Published: July 2019

The system of postgraduate education of pharmacy specialists (РS) is used to improve their education and professional training with the help of deepening, expanding and updating professional knowledge and skills, an important component of which is the thematic training. Therefore, a question to the PS arises about studying the motivational aspects and attitudes towards such training in order to ensure their professional needs at the current stage of development of the domestic pharmaceutical market, as well as clarifying the forms and methods of its implementation.

The aim of the work was the clarification of the views about the motivational aspects types and forms of thematic training in the system of postgraduate education, pointed out by РS, as well as possibilities for a wider usage of innovative approaches.

The object of the study was the experience of thematic cycles of passing for improvement by PS. To achieve this goal, modern scientific methods were used, in particular, selective observation, questioning, focus groups, expert assessments, direct study during 2018-2019 years among the PS occupying various positions (97 people who made up the group of respondents).

Studies have shown that among the PS there is a motivation to learn on cycles of thematic improvement, both of a general nature (9 components) and for personal needs (12 components). At the first place there is the desire of the РS to get new theoretical and practical knowledge; improve their qualification and skills as a manager, specialist, organizer; expand opportunities for self-analyses, achieve success in their practical activities, improve their financial stability. It has been established that the greatest preference among the types of thematic cycles for PS are full-time educational cycles, field training and part-time education. The opinion of PS about the usage of other innovative forms of thematic training is not clearly indicated. This is due to the lack of experience in using, for example, distance form and intermittent learning, as well as experience in using Internet technologies.

Conclusion – thematic improvement of РS is a significant component of postgraduate education to which they have motivational aspects and which is based on the ability to choose the organization, forms and methods of conducting it in order to satisfy their general and personal professional needs. The most attractive types of thematic improvement should be attributed to the passage of cycles in the form of full-time study, visiting training and part-time education. There are opportunities for wider introduction of innovative and promising forms of thematic cycles of the РS with the help of distance and intermittent learning.
Medical and biological functions of water
Authors: Korytniuk R. S. , Davtian L. L. , Hudz N. I. , Drozdova A. A. , Vlasenko I. О. , Leleka M. V. , Olifirova T. F.
Published: July 2019

Water is the most common compound of hydrogen and oxygen in the nature. It is a universal solvent of many substances, and therefore chemically pure water does not exist in the nature. The water contained in the body is qualitatively different from ordinary water as it is structured water. Such crystalline structures of water are the matrix of life. Their presence gives possibility of the occurrence of important biophysical processes and biochemical reactions. Insufficient intake of water into the body or its excessive loss leads to dehydration, which is accompanied by thickening of the blood and impairing hemodynamics. Excessive intake of water into the body causes water intoxication.

Purpose – to conduct a bibliosemantic analysis of the sources of the literature on the medical and biological functions of water.

Research methods – bibliosemantic, analytical, logical methods and generalizion method.

Water is the structural basis of cells necessary to maintain their optimal volume. It determines the spatial structure and function of biomolecules. Insufficient intake of water into the body or its excessive loss leads to an impaired hemodynamics. Excessive intake of water into the body causes water intoxication. All disoders of water-salt balance in the body can be divided into two groups: dehydration and hyperhydration. In each group, there are disorders with a decrease, increase, and no change in osmotic pressure (hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic disorders, respectively). Water is used in medical and pharmaceutical practice as an excipient, and for the manufacture of allopathic, homeopathic and anthroposophic medicines. The State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine includes several articles on the use of water depending on the purpose and regulates water quality: 1) highly purified water, water for injections «in bulk» water and sterilised water for injections; 2) purified water: water «in bulk» and water in containers. Cosmetics are presented on the Ukrainian market, the main biologically active compound of which is water, in particular, natural, thermal and micellar. They are widely used in cosmetology.

The biomedical function of water in the body is to preserve cell volume, provide turgor to the cells and save the body from temperature fluctuations. Disruption of water-salt balance leads to dehydration or hyperhydration. There are changes with a decrease, increase, and no change in osmotic pressure (hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic disorders, respectively). They cause disruption of the life of the whole organism. In pharmaceutical practice, water is widely used for the manufacture of allopathic, homeopathic and anthroposophic medicines. It can be obtained in various ways, but its quality is regulated by the relevant government regulations. In cosmetic practice, water is used not only as a basic solvent, but in the form of natural, micellar and thermal water, where it is a biologically active compound.