bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Popliteal pterygium syndrome: A case report on abnormal insertion of hamstrings
Authors: Y N Lohith , Shirol S. S. , Jeedi Arun
Published: December 2023

The popliteal pterygium syndrome is a congenital malformation that includes orofacial, musculoskeletal and genitourinary anomalies. We report one case of the same who underwent surgical correction for abnormal insertion of hamstrings.
Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome following COVID-19 infection: A case report
Authors: Abdi Fatemeh , Hemmati Sara , Sharafinejad Masoume , Gordiz Arzhang , Aghili Seyyed Saeed , Hosseinabadi Vahid Zare
Published: December 2023

Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) is typically a unilateral and transient condition without an exact known underlying cause. Its pathogenesis may involve an immune response to viral antigens that have gained access to the retinal receptor cells. It has been hypothesized that the COVID-19 virus can activate some autoimmune responses. Here, we report a case of MEWDS in a 16-year-old girl with a history of COVID-19 infection two weeks before the visual symptoms. The symptoms and signs improved without any treatment after a three-month follow-up period. In our case, MEWDS occurred shortly after COVID-19 infection and resolved without treatment in three months. Considering ophthalmologic and immunologic associations of COVID-19 can help ophthalmologists in the diagnosis and treatment of similar disorders in the COVID-19 era.
Eyeing risks: Navigating ophthalmic challenges in sinus surgery
Authors: Dubey Amber , Venkatraman Vatsalya , Barman Manabjyoti , Bhattacharjee Kasturi
Published: December 2023

This is a descriptive case report of a 25-year-old male who presented with right eye diminution of vision associated with ophthalmoplegia and strabismus following functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) for deviated nasal septum. On examination, he had a large angle right exotropia with enophthalmos and restricted extra ocular movements. Pupils were dilated and fixed suggestive of optic neuropathy and fundus revealed a central retinal artery occlusion. Multimodal radiological imaging revealed optic nerve sheath hematoma, fracture of medial orbital wall and orbital floor along with medial rectus disinsertion with posterior discontinuation. Due to delayed presentation at our clinic, he was managed conservatively with intravenous and oral corticosteroids. The patient displayed mild improvement in ocular movement and vision. He was advised orbital reconstruction of the medial wall and floor for enophthalmos correction and cosmesis. Although a relatively safe procedure, FESS can result into varied orbital complications, including damage to the extraocular muscles, optic nerve and its vascular supply. This case report, to the best of our knowledge is the first of its kind to document ophthalmoplegia due to medial rectus disinsertion along with central retinal artery occlusion. It also highlights the perioperative risk factors and provides insight into the intraoperative signs to be cautious of during sinus surgeries
Prophylactic Anticoccidial Effects of the Methanol Extracts of Ganoderma lucidum, Vernonia amygdalina Leaves and Vitellaria paradoxa Stem Bark: An Investigation of the Cytokine and Immunoglobulin Y Responses in Eimeria tenella-infected Broiler Chickens
Authors: Hambesha Paul Terkende , Orakpoghenor Ochuko , Abdu Paul Ayuba , Jatau Isa Danladi , Aluwong Tagang
Published: December 2023

Objectives:

This study evaluated the interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-gamma (INF-γ), and immunoglobulin Y (IgY) responses in Eimeria tenella-infected broiler chickens pre-administered with the methanol extracts of Ganoderma lucidum, Vernonia amygdalina leaves and Vitellaria paradoxa stem bark.

Material and Methods:

One hundred 1-day-old broiler chicks were obtained, brooded for two weeks, and then randomly divided into 10 groups (A1, B1, C1, D1, A2, B2, C2, D2, E, and F) of 10 birds each. From 14 to 20 days of age (doa), groups A1 and A2 were administered G. lucidum; B1 and B2 V. amygdalina; C1 and C2 V. paradoxa; D1 and D2 Amprolium (100 g/100 L drinking water; while no extract/medication was administered to groups E and F. At 21 doa, groups A2, B2, C2, D2, and E were challenged orally with 104 E. tenella sporulated oocysts. Blood was collected at 14, 21, and 28 doa in labeled plain tubes, and serum was harvested and assayed for IL-10, INF-γ, and IgY levels.

Results:

Results revealed no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the serum IL-10, INF-γ, and IgY levels in all groups of chickens at 14 and 21 doa. At 28 doa, serum IL-10 level was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in B2 and C2 compared to A2, D2, and E. The levels of INF-γ and IgY were not significantly (P > 0.05) higher in B2 and C2 than in A2, D2, and E. The prophylactic administration of G. lucidum, V. amygdalina leaf, and V. paradoxa stem bark methanolic extracts altered changes in the serum IL-10, INF-γ, and IgY levels induced by E. tenella challenge in the broiler chickens.

Conclusion:

The mechanisms involved in these cytokines and IgY responses as a result of the prophylactic administration of these extracts require further investigation.
Retrospective Study of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Outbreaks from 2015 to 2022 in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Ogolo Fatimah Olusa , Nwanga Ephraim , Orakpoghenor Ochuko , Markus Talatu Patience , Bello Adekunle Lawrence
Published: December 2023

Objectives:

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) constitutes one of the major constraints in the development of the poultry industry, and sporadic outbreaks are still being reported in Nigeria. It is zoonotic, with several reports of human cases. The aim of this study was to determine the trend and distribution of HPAI outbreaks from 2015 to 2022 in Rivers State, Nigeria. Eight-year retrospective study was conducted by reviewing the Avian influenza (AI) line list and case reports of confirmed outbreaks of HPAI in Rivers State from the AI desk office.

Material and Methods:

Data were cleaned, analyzed using descriptive statistics, and presented using tables and figures as appropriate.

Results:

The outcomes showed that a total of 67 HPAI cases were reported in Rivers State from 2015 to 2022, with the highest (64.2%) reported in 2015 and lowest (1.5%) in 2022. Layers were majorly affected. The HPAI cases were reported across 6 Local Government Areas (LGAs), with the highest (71.6% cases) reported in Obio-Akpor and the lowest (1.5%) in Oyigbo and Ogba-Egbema-Ndoni LGAs. Based on the distribution according to LGA and year, HPAI cases were reported in 5 LGAs (Port Harcourt, Obio-Akpor, Ikwerre, Oyigbo and Ogba-Egbema-Ndoni) in 2015, 2 LGAs (Obio-Akpor and Ikwerre) in 2016, 4 LGAs (Port Harcourt, Obio-Akpor, Ikwerre and Okrika) in 2021, and 1 LGA (Obio-Akpor) in 2022.

Conclusion:

The 2015 – 2022 outbreaks of HPAI in Rivers State were reported in six out of the 23 LGAs across Rivers State. Obio-Akpor LGA accounted for the highest-burden of HPAI in the State. There was no report of HPAI from 2017 to 2022 across the State. Intensive surveillance for AI and public awareness on prevention and control across Rivers State is, therefore, recommended with support and motivation from the government.
ADVANTAGES OF LATERAL INJECTION OF HYPERBARIC BUPIVACAINE IN SPINAL ANESTHESIA FOR ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY
Authors: KOZLOVSKA I.U. , DATSIUK O.I.
Published: December 2023

Abstract. The use of spinal anesthesia is the most frequent method of analgesia, therefore prolonging the duration of anesthesia and increasing its safety is a priority during operations on the lower extremities.
The aim of the study: to extend the duration of the sensory block during spinal anesthesia, ensuring its safety for the patient.
Materials and methods. To conduct the study, we analyzed the use of spinal anesthesia during surgical interventions in traumatology and orthopedics in 50 patients, divided into two study groups. The 1st research group (control) included 25 patients (18 men, 7 women) who underwent spinal anesthesia with the recommended graded dose of local anesthetic according to the patient's height, followed by supine position for up to 20 minutes. The II study group included 25 patients (17 men, 8 women) who underwent spinal anesthesia with a dose of local anesthetic determined by the height of the patient, followed by lateral position for up to 20 minutes.
The results. The duration of the sensory block in patients of the I group was 252.2±74.32 min., and in the II – 299.2±62.44 min. respectively (р = 0.0193). During the assessment of SBP and heart rate in both study groups, a decrease in mean arterial pressure and heart rate after spinal anesthesia was determined, which was more pronounced during spinal anesthesia with subsequent application to the back. The volume of crystalloid infusion therapy during surgery was compared in both study groups. In patients of the I group, it was 2042±663.9 ml, and in the II group – 2028±600.36 ml. (p=0.938, the comparison was made according to the Student's test). The frequency of use of phenylephrine (for correction of hypotension with SBP < 65 mmHg) in the I group was 0.092±0.016 ml, in the II group – 0.004±0.002 ml. (p – 0.018, the comparison was carried out according to the Mann-Whitney test). Atropine sulfate was used to correct bradycardia (heart rate <50 beats/min), in group I – 0.16±0.031 ml, in group II – 0.14±0.034 ml. (p – 0.587, the comparison was carried out according to the MannWhitney test).
Conclusions. 1. Selection of the dose of hyperbaric bupivacaine depending on the height of the patient ensures the necessary effectiveness of spinal anesthesia. 2. The duration of motor and sensory blockade is significantly higher by 16 % in the group with the lateral position of the patient. 3. When using a hyperbaric local anesthetic for spinal anesthesia in the lateral position, the frequency of cardiovascular complications decreases compared to the control group
Dünya Yumurta Ticaretindeki Değişimler ve Türkiye’nin Dünya Yumurta Ticaretindeki Yeri
Authors: BAHTİYAR Tolgahan , OLHAN Emine
Published: December 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'nin uluslararası tavuk yumurtası ticaretindeki konumunu ve rolünü inceleyerek, elde edilen bulgulara dayanarak politika yapıcılara, sektör paydaşları ve araştırmacılar tarafından küresel yumurta pazarının dinamiklerini anlama ve pazar genişletme ve sürdürülebilir büyüme için fırsatların belirlemesine yardımcı olmaktır. Çalışma; ulusal ve uluslararası çevrimiçi kaynaklardan ve konu ile ilgili daha önce hazırlanmış olan akademik çalışmalardan elde edilen ikincil veriler kullanılarak hazırlanmıştır. Türkiye'nin 2018 sonrasında yaşanan dalgalanmalara rağmen 2022 yılı itibarıyla Dünya’nın en büyük 4. Yumurta ihracatçısı olması, küresel pazardaki yerini ve önemini göstermektedir. Yine 2018’den sonra Ortadoğu ve Arap Yarımadası ülkelerinden gelen yüksek kaliteli sofralık yumurta talebinin artması Türkiye’nin pazar payını genişletme ve güvenilir bir tedarikçi olarak kendini kanıtlama fırsatını ortaya koymaktadır. Sonuç olarak; Türkiye’nin yumurtacılık sektörü net ihracatçı bir sektördür. Gerçekleştirilen nispeten az miktardaki damızlık yumurta ithalatı göz önünde bulundurulduğunda dahi, Türkiye’nin güvenilir bir tedarikçi olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Ek olarak mevcut damızlık yumurta ithalatının yumurtalıktan ziyade daha çok etlik tavuk üretimi için gerçekleştirildiği de bilinmektedir. Türkiye’nin sürdürülebilir yumurta ihracatını temin etmek adına; gerek katma değer yaratılmış yumurta ürünlerinin kapasitesinin artırılması, gerekse alternatif hedef pazarların tespit edilerek bu pazarlara girişin sağlanması amacıyla kapsamlı çalışmaların Türkiye yumurta özel sektörü ve kamu paydaşları tarafından müştereken hayata geçirilmesi önem arz etmektedir.
Süt Sığırı Yetiştiriciliğinde Sıcaklık Stresinin Önemi: Aydın İli Bozdoğan İlçesi Örneği
Authors: SEVİM Semih , ALARSLAN Emre
Published: December 2023

Çiftlik hayvanlarında dünya genelinde verim kaybına neden olan en önemli sorunlardan birisi de Sıcak stresidir. Sıcaklık stresini belirlemede en yaygın kullanılan parametre sıcaklık-nem indeksi değeridir. Bu çalışma Aydın ili Bozdoğan ilçesinin sıcaklık nem indeksi (THI) değerlerinin süt sığırcılığı açısından uygunluğunun belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Meteoroloji Müdürlüğünden alınan 2013-2021 yılları arasındaki ortalama sıcaklık ve nem verileri materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Bu veriler kullanılarak, Sıcaklık-Nem İndeks (THI) değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmada Haziran, Temmuz, Ağustos ve Eylül aylarında sıcaklık nem indeks değerlerinin eşik değerinin üzerine çıktığı saptanmıştır. Bu aylar için bakım besleme ve diğer koşullar için öneriler ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.
The Impact of Different Grape Pomaces from Winemaking Waste on the Ripening of İzmir Tulum Cheese: A Study on Fatty Acid Composition, Free Fatty Acids, and Volatile Compounds
Authors: ATALAY Aysun , YILDIZ-AKGÜL Filiz , KINIK Özer
Published: December 2023

This research aimed to examine the fatty acids, free fatty acids, and volatile compounds of İzmir Tulum cheeses ripened in brines prepared using different grape pomaces from wine production waste. For this purpose, four groups of Izmir Tulum cheese were produced: white wine waste: sultaniye grape pomace (W), red wine waste: petit-verdot grape pomace (R), red and white wine mixture waste: 1:1 mixture of sultaniye and petit-verdot (RW) and control: pomace-free group (C). Among the short chain fatty acids, butyric (C4), caproic (C6), caprylic (C8) and capric (C10) acids were determined in all cheese samples. Long chain fatty acids such as myristic (C14), palmitic (C16) and oleic (C18:1) acids were found in high amounts. The most abundant free fatty acids in all cheese samples were oleic acid (C18:1) followed by stearic acid. Butyric (C4) and caproic (C6) acid contents increased during storage and were highest in RW and R samples at the end of storage. A total of 32 volatile components (12 acids, 3 alcohols, 9 esters, 3 terpenes, 2 hydrocarbons, 3 other compounds) were detected in İzmir Tulum cheese samples during the ripening period. It was observed that the volatile components content varied according to the grape pomace type (p
Physicochemical characteristics of iron-bearing lazulite from granitic pegmatites of the Patom Highlands, Irkutsk Region
Authors: Гриценко Ю.Д. , Огородова Л.П. , Вигасина М.Ф. , Дедушенко С.К. , Вяткин С.В. , Мельчакова Л.В. , Ксенофонтов Д.А.
Published: December 2023

Лазулит состава (Mg0.87Fe2+ 0.13Ni0.01Sr0.01)(Al1.97Fe3+ 0.03)(PO4 )2.03(OH)1.95 изучен методами термического и электронно-зондового анализов, порошковой рентгенографии, ИК, КР, ЭПР и мёссбауэровской спектроскопии. Методом расплавной калориметрии растворения на микрокалориметре Кальве Setaram (Франция) определена энтальпия образования изученного лазулита из элементов ∆f H0 (298.15 K) = − 4472.5 ± 3.1 кДж/моль. Оценено значение его абсолютной энтропии S0 (298.15 K) = 207 ± 3 Дж/(моль·K), рассчитаны энтропия образования ∆f S0 (298.15 K) = − 1120 ± 3Дж/(моль·K) и энергия Гиббса образования из элементов ∆f G0 (298.15 K) = − 4138.7 ± 3.2 кДж/моль. Оценены значения энтальпии и энергии Гиббса образования из элементов магниевого члена изоморфного ряда лазулит – скорцалит состава MgAl2.0(PO4 )2.0(OH)2.0: − 4492.7 ± 3.1 и − 4157.6 ± 3.2 кДж/моль соответственно.
The distribution of diamonds by the content of A-centers as a criterion for the polygenicity of the deposit
Authors: Вяткин С.В. , Гаранин В.К. , Криулина Г.Ю. , Бардухинов Л.Д.
Published: December 2023

Концентрация центров А в кристаллах алмаза (двойное замещение углерода азотом, изоморфно замещающим углерод в соседних позициях структуры) колеблется в широких пределах, однако распределение этой величины для выборок статистически значимого объема несет генетическую информацию. Положение максимума распределения определяется условиями роста и процессами агрегации азотных центров в кристаллической структуре после него, т.е. параметрами постростового отжига кристаллов. Уширение и усложнение максимума может свидетельствовать о многостадийном процессе формирования коренного алмазоносного тела; наличие нескольких максимумов в случае россыпного месторождения говорит о присутствии в россыпи алмазов из разных коренных источников, о полигенности ее формирования.
Germanocolusite and Colusite of Volcanogenic Sulphide-Polimetal Tsumeb Deposit in Namibia
Authors: Спиридонов Э.М. , Мурашко М.Н. , Япаскурт В.О. , Куликова И.М. , Коротаева Н.Н.
Published: December 2023

Богатейшее вулканогенное колчеданно-полиметаллическое Ag-Zn-Cu-Pb-месторождение Цумеб – крупнейшее скопление руд и минералов Ge. По данным Г. Шнейдерхёна, Цумеб – магматогенное гидротермальное месторождение замещения. Руды Цумеба включают гипотермальную, мезотермальную и эпитермальную минерализацию. Эпитермальная минерализация развита по всему объему месторождения и в доломитах и углеродистых доломитах вдоль контактов залежей массивных сульфидных руд. Возникла при Т 240 – < 80 °С. Обильны галенит, маложелезистый Cd-сфалерит, теннантит, пирит, низкий халькозин, доломит, марказит. Распространены незональный германит и галлит, с которыми минералы группы колусита не ассоциируют. Германоколусит Cu20(Cu,Zn,Fe)6 V2 (Ge,As)6 S32 и германийсодержащий колусит Cu20(Cu,Fe,Zn)6 V2 (As,Ge)6 S32 распространены в рудах, заместивших морские углеродистые доломиты, обогащенные ванадием. Колусит развит в агрегатах галенита и цинкистого теннантита, ассоциирует с анатазом, халькопиритом, графитоидом, пикрофенгитом. Германоколусит развит в агрегатах галенита и теннантита, ассоциирует с анатазом, халькопиритом, графитоидом, Mg-фенгитом. По составу переход от колусита к германоколуситу непрерывный.
Evolution of stress testing of financial institutions
Authors: Kuznetsova V. V. , Larina O. I.
Published: December 2023

The article raises the issues of developing a relevant tool for financial regulation and supervision – stress testing. Regulatory authorities use different types of testing to assess possible problems, as well as to model the response of supervised institutions to changes in system parameters. At present, the issues of ensuring financial stability are quite acute, and the search for effective analytical tools is an important managerial task, the solution of which is the focus of this study. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the advantages and limitations of this tool and to identify areas for its improvement. The evolution of the tool has been analyzed, and microprudential, macroprudential, and crisis stress tests investigated. The work is based on the data of the International Monetary Fund, as well as the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, the methods of analyzing regulatory documents and comparative economic analysis have been used. Types of stress tests and main stages of stress testing have been systematized. The authors, considering cross-border nature of financial institutions’ activities, conclude that transformation of supervisory tools is desirable and recommend the inclusion of non-banking financial organizations in stress testing, as well as network interactions between financial institutions as the main areas of improvement.
Differentiation of personal income by the autonomous regions of Spain
Authors: Mitroshin I. V.
Published: December 2023

Average per capita income of the population is one of the important indicators reflecting the standard of living in the country. It becomes relevant to determine reasons for differentiating income per capita and per household and to identify the causes that affect it. The paper considers the income of the population in the autonomous regions of Spain for 2008–2021 both per capita and per household. A comparative analysis of incomes with and without imputed rents has been carried out, that is, the share of rental expenditure in household income and the trend in its change over the last thirteen years have been determined. The results of the study revealed higher living standards in some industrialized regions of the North of the country, such as Navarra and the Basque Country, as well as in regions where large metropolitan areas are located. These are the Autonomous Region of Madrid with a population of 6.7 million people (directly Madrid – about 5 million people) and Catalonia with a population of 7.7 million people with the administrative center in Barcelona (4.5 million people). Slow growth of citizens’ expenditures on rental housing has also been revealed. Due to growing individualization of the population and reduction of the number of people in a family, the number of people in one household is decreasing on average in the country. The analysis of population change in Spain shows that the demographic situation remains positively stable. In general, there is population growth, but depopulation is occurring in the interior regions of the country, such as Extremadura, Castile-La Mancha, Castile and Leon, Aragon. In addition to living standards, other factors such as climate, proximity to the coast, and tourist attractiveness have an impact on migration processes.
Towards an Ontology to Structure Data on Women's Leadership in Computing in Brazil
Authors: Martins Thamires Faleiro , Ribeiro Karen da Silva Figueiredo Medeiros
Published: December 2023

This paper proposes an ontology to structure data on female leadership in computer science in Brazil, with the goal of building an open and collaborative platform where data can be collected, organized, and classified to construct a folksonomy of the domain. The ontology aims to address competency questions in the domain, such as the contextual factors that motivate Brazilian women to pursue leadership positions in computer science, and the policies that promote such opportunities. The proposed ontology may benefit various users, including female computer science professionals, leaders, researchers, and policymakers.
Mapping Gender Educational Policies in STEM Areas in the Context of the New Brazilian High School Education
Authors: Lima Waleska Gonçalves de , Maciel Cristiano , Casagrande Ana Lara
Published: December 2023

This text presents an ongoing research that relates the policy mapping activity aimed at promoting gender-related issues in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) conducted by the ELLAS research network (Equality in Leadership for Latin American STEM) to the Brazilian New High School policy. Through document analysis related to the policy, it is possible to identify indications of the gender demand in STEM within the national policy, stemming from the loan agreement with the World Bank.
Investigation on Gender and Leadership in STEM in Higher Education: Methodology Design
Authors: Pereira Leihge Roselle Rondon , Maciel Cristiano , Guzman Indira R.
Published: December 2023

Institutional actions and policies implemented by universities hold the potential to significantly impact the inclusion of women in leadership roles within STEM fields. This article describes the methodological design approved by the local ethics committee to conduct the research in Brazil, with the primary objective of understanding the degree to which discursive productions on gender affect women’s career experiences and leadership paths within STEM fields in higher education. Discursive productions include structures of power such as university policies, climate, culture, and projects. It is expected that the work will provide valuable insights and support for researchers sharing similar goals and who work to reduce gender inequalities in STEM.
Comparative Study of Tools for Modeling, Storage, and Integration of Data on the Semantic Web for the ELLAS Network Platform
Authors: Michelon Gisane A. , Berardi Rita C. G.
Published: December 2023

The layered architecture of the World Wide Web (W3C) defines standards, technologies, languages, and methods needed to build applications that involve the semantic web. From this W3C semantic web architecture was developed the data modeling of the ELLAS (Equality in Leadership for Latin American STEM) network platform. The ELLAS aims to map the policies and context aspects that influence women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) in the countries of Bolivia, Brazil and Peru, which are at different levels of development. The main objective of this work is a comparison of the main storage and semantic integration tools to develop a data model (modeling, storage and integration of data) related to the mapping of policies, initiatives and factors that influence the career development of women in STEM.
Arquitetura e pipeline de automatização da governança do grafo de conhecimento da rede ELLAS
Authors: Fritoli Rodgers , Berardi Rita Cristina Galarraga
Published: December 2023

Neste artigo é descrita uma proposta de arquitetura de integração de grafos de conhecimento e um pipeline que automatiza a transformação de dados em planilhas em grafos de conhecimento em triplas RDF, para a plataforma de dados abertos da rede de pesquisa ELLAS. O objetivo principal do projeto da rede pesquisa ELLAS é gerar dados comparáveis sobre as lacunas de gênero em STEM na América Latina, e analisar como os dados possuem diferentes fontes e formatos. Para a construção será utilizada web semântica, adicionando significados aos dados. A proposta da arquitetura e do pipeline é para realizar atividades de Extração, Transformação e Carregamento para o armazenamento e disponibilização dos dados para usuários finais.
International responsibility of states (theoretical and legal view)
Authors: Pevko Stanislav
Published: December 2023

Introduction. This article examines the theoretical and legal possibility of bringing legal relations of a public nature to the international legal responsibility of the participating state, in order to determine the actual mechanisms for the implementation of influence measures and the types of legal consequences that apply to the guarantor state of international legal norms, by analyzing the views of scientists on the issue responsibility of states, their types, the legal framework of an international nature, which regulates the issue of the mechanism and means of influence on the state.

Summary of the main research results. First, the quintessence of the axiology of responsibility as a legal phenomenon and its place in international legal relations is emphasized. Also, on the basis of the study of the views of scientists, the differentiation of international responsibility was determined. Several of its types have been identified. The first type of responsibility, which occurs in cases of illegal actions in the form of violation of contractual obligations, the second type of compliance, which occurs for the commission of international crimes. Emphasis is placed on the legal regulation of responsibility for illegal acts in the field of legal obligations. The main international normative acts regulating the procedure of bringing to responsibility, ensuring peace and security in the foreign space have been analyzed. The international practice that reveals the cases of bringing to international responsibility on the example of states that participated in legal relations in violation of international legal norms is given.

Conclusions. According to the results of the study, the duality of approaches to the responsibility of states was established. Conclusions were made regarding the prospects and realities of bringing the state to international legal responsibility.
Legal characteristics of the contract on non-disclosure of confidential information
Authors: Hura Maksym
Published: December 2023

The article examines the legal characteristics of a non-disclosure agreement. The author determines the place of a non-disclosure agreement among causal, abstract, equivalent and aleatory contracts and the possibility of its recognition as a public, conditional, mixed and accession agreement. The author emphasises that the Causa of a non-disclosure agreement is clearly defined and consists of the creation of negative obligations which must be reflected in the contract. The purpose is of fundamental importance for its validity and is reflected in the wording of its subject matter and other provisions of its content. The paper proves that since the agreement on non-disclosure of confidential information is aimed at creating negative obligations and, in most cases, is gratuitous, it is advisable to speak not of the transfer of benefits by the parties to each other but of the creation of counter-obligations on non-disclosure. It is noted that a non-disclosure agreement is concluded not to transfer a benefit (information) but to enable the fulfilment of employment duties, service obligations, etc. The author notes that the contract under study is not a substitute contract but a preventive one, creating conditions for preventing disclosure of information. As a result of the research, the author concludes that in most cases, a non-disclosure agreement is causal, aleatory, mutually agreed, comprehensive and not public. However, due to this agreement's lack of detailed legal regulation, the parties may enter into a mixed agreement on non-disclosure of confidential information, which may be a conditional transaction, etc.
Gender equality and justice in labor law
Authors: Khabarova Tetyana
Published: December 2023

Introduction. Ensuring gender equality and equity is one of the main conditions for an individual to realize the right to work granted by the State. Formation of mechanisms for implementing and guaranteeing gender equality in the field of employment is one of the priority tasks of the State. Therefore, it is the implementation of these circumstances that can ensure a real opportunity for everyone to realize the right to work and the ability to earn a living by work, thereby meeting their physical, spiritual and other needs. Therefore, any kind of discrimination, including gender discrimination, is unacceptable in this area.

Problem Statement. The lack of fostering a culture of gender equality is one of the reasons why society does not perceive gender discrimination as a problem, which leads to violations of the right to work and its derivative rights.

Relevance. The problem of gender discrimination is relatively new for Ukraine. The process of implementing and ensuring gender equality was actualized with the signing of the Association Agreement, according to which Ukraine committed itself to ensuring gender equality in all areas, including employment. Gender equality means equal rights for men and women, equal opportunities to exercise them and receive certain benefits, which is a defining feature of a legal, social state in which the principle of equality of citizens and the rule of law is in place.

Objective. To analyze the level of the problem caused by gender discrimination in the field of employment. To study the content, significance and impact of the principle of gender equality on the state of realization of labor rights by men and women.

Methods. To achieve the stated research objective, the article uses general scientific methods (deduction, induction, synthesis, analysis) and special scientific research methods (formal legal and comparative legal).

The main results of the study. Men and women are not equal in their capabilities, abilities and needs. However, a legal, social state, such as Ukraine, must ensure that everyone, regardless of gender, has the opportunity to freely choose the field of work, develop freely, receive decent pay for their work, appropriate protection, taking into account the characteristics and needs of men and women, and generally promote respect for men's work and women's work and equalize the roles of men and women in society. In this regard, ensuring gender equality is a societal need, which is conditioned, on the one hand, by the fact of gender discrimination in the field of employment, and, on the other hand, by the need of each person to fully enjoy the benefits provided for by the Constitution and laws of Ukraine.

Conclusions. The value of a person, the ability of a person to fully realize his or her labor rights, freedoms, interests, and receive benefits cannot be determined by his or her gender and depend on gender.
Principles of the organization and activities of the state employment service
Authors: Bezdieniezhna Daryna
Published: December 2023

Introduction. The article provides a classification of the principles of activity of the State Employment Service as a special body of executive power. The category of general, special and special principles, which are the basic ideas of the functioning of the State Employment Service, is singled out.

Summary of the main results of the study. The author notes that considering the principles of the State Employment Service is a key and extremely important aspect of its organization and functioning. It is emphasized that ensuring the compliance of the actions of the employment service with the established principles guarantees legal compliance in all cases related to the employment of citizens and contributes to the creation of a fair and effective system of employment support. It is noted that the principles by which the executive bodies work form a legal category that establishes the regulatory and legal basis for controlling the activities of the executive bodies in Ukraine. These principles define the standards and rules that govern the functioning of these bodies, establishing the framework and conditions under which they must act in accordance with the law.

It was noted that the principles by which the State Employment Service works are divided into three groups: general, special and special. General principles constitute the basic principles of the functioning of most public bodies. Special principles reflect certain aspects of the activity of specific public authorities. The special principles of the State Employment Service take into account its unique mission and exclusive tasks in the field of ensuring employment of citizens. These principles determine the specificity of approaches and methods used to achieve employment goals. They take into account the individual needs of different social groups and contribute to the development and implementation of programs aimed at supporting and developing the labor market, providing citizens with opportunities for employment and professional growth

Conclusions. It was concluded that for optimal and high-quality work of the State Employment Service, a clear system of principles enshrined in legislation is necessary, which will determine its structure and methods of activity. Among the principles of organization and activity of the State Employment Service, the principle of mentoring, the principle of innovation and adaptation, and the principle of social policy are singled out as special principles of the State Employment Service.
Administrative responsibility for violations of legislation in the field of employment of the population
Authors: Hryshyna Nataliia , Rostovska Karyna
Published: December 2023

To date, the level of unemployment, which is associated with the termination or limited format of work of enterprises, institutions and organizations, is significant. This indicates the need for the formation of an effective state policy in the field of employment, an effective model of combating unemployment and the expansion of employment assistance programs. The issue of administrative responsibility in the field of public employment deserves special attention. According to the Law of Ukraine "On Employment of the Population", employment is the activity of individuals not prohibited by law, related to the satisfaction of their personal and social needs with the aim of receiving income (wages) in monetary or other form, as well as the activities of members of one family, who carry out economic activities or work for business entities based on their property, including free of charge. Everyone has the right to a freely chosen employment. Forced labor in any form is prohibited. Voluntary unemployment of a person cannot be the basis for bringing him to responsibility. Employment of the population is ensured by establishing relations regulated by labor agreements (contracts), conducting business and other types of activities not prohibited by law.
Possibilities of using artificial intelligence in criminal proceedings in Ukraine
Authors: Bliznyuk Vladyslav
Published: December 2023

In this article, the author considers the expediency of using of Artificial Intelligence in criminal justice, evaluates the impact of using this technology and describes possible problems that may arise with such application and suggests ways to solve them.

The article examines the topic of possibility of using artificial intelligence in criminal proceedings and its potential impact on increasing the effectiveness of law enforcement and fighting crime.

Starting with an overview of current advances in the field of artificial intelligence, the article analyzes the possibilities of applying artificial inteligence to automate some stages of criminal investigation. Also, the possibility of using artificial intelligence to detect crimes, predict crimes and analyze the behavior of criminals is being considered.

The article examines the ethical and legal aspects of the use of artificial intelligence in criminal proceedings, such as data privacy, protection against injustice and the impact on human rights. Attention is also drawn to the importance of developing algorithms that will be fair and neutral in order to avoid distorting the results of the analysis.

The article highlights the potential benefits and challenges of using artificial intelligence in criminal proceedings and provides recommendations regarding the optimal implementation of such technologies in law enforcement agencies and courts to ensure efficiency, fairness and respect for human rights.
“Without Delay, I Set Out to Fulfill This Pleasant Duty”: The Role of Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe in the History of Kharkiv University Through the Prism of His Correspondence
Authors: Vovk Olha , Byelozyorova Olena
Published: December 2023

The article presents the first Ukrainian translation of several letters by the world-renowned German statesman, poet, writer, thinker, and naturalist, the founder of modern German literature Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832) that shed light on his role in selecting the first professors for Kharkiv University. The author briefly outlines the course of Goethe’s communication with functionaries of the Kharkiv school district and Kharkiv University in the early years the 19th century, traces the history of the publication of Goethe’s letters, and notes that until now they have been largely neglected by students of the history of Kharkiv University. The article features seven letters, selected from the complete ‘Weimar edition’ of Goethe’s works and translated from the German with commentary. The earliest document is dated 27 November 1803, and the latest – 13 September 1804. The letters are addressed to the curator of the Kharkiv school district Count Seweryn Potocki, curator of the Vilnius school district Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski, and German merchants and officials involved in the financial and logistical aspects of the relocation of the first German professors to Kharkiv. The correspondence revolves around the future professors of Kharkiv University J. B. Schad, J. L. T. Schnaubert, and M. G. Pilger and adjunct G. Reinisch; other candidates who in the end did not join the faculty of Kharkiv University for various reasons are also mentioned. The organization of the new professors’ research and teaching work at Kharkiv University and financial provision for them and their families are discussed. As a historical source, these letters give us insight into the complexity and fluidity of the process of putting together a faculty for the newly-established Kharkiv University.
Fiscal rules: lessons for Ukraine
Authors: Stetsenko T. , Hlushchenko O. , Khmelkov A.
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this article is to assess the systematic implementation of fiscal rules in Ukraine and to provide recommendations for their adjustment. It is proved that the introduction of fiscal rules should be carried out in a comprehensive manner: both quantitative restrictions and security measures of an individual and general nature should be regulated by law. Ukraine has introduced two fiscal rules at the legislative level - debt and budget balancing - and formally prescribed all the security conditions recommended by international experience. The peculiarities of the application of fiscal rules in Ukraine include: vagueness and insufficient detail of the safeguard conditions in the budget legislation; lack of regulation of the activities of an independent body responsible for monitoring compliance with fiscal rules (fiscal council); and insufficient coverage of information related to fiscal rules and lack of systematic publication. Recommendations for improving the fiscal rules in Ukraine include the following: a more detailed description of the mechanism of correction in case of exceeding the budgetary indicators of the established limits; specifying the requirements for activating the procedure for derogation from quantitative restrictions to prevent possible abuse; increasing the level of transparency of information on the application of fiscal rules. Regarding the requirement to establish a fiscal council: there are two possible ways for Ukraine to implement this recommendation: the first is to assign the functions of monitoring the implementation of all fiscal rules to the Accounting Chamber of Ukraine, which has the necessary level of independence and partially performs this function; the second is to take into account the difference in the role of the state auditor and the fiscal council, which should primarily contribute to the formation of fiscal policy, another option is to introduce either a new authority or a separate institution with guarantees of operational independence.
Investments: classic instruments of the stock exchange or cryptocurrency
Authors: Grebeniuk N. , Baklanova A.
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to regular analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of various investment tools, namely investing in classic securities of the world stock market or in cryptocurrencies on different platforms. Note that there is very little research on the chosen topic in the Ukrainian scientific environment, and the need for them is growing every day, since practical actions must be based on a theoretical basis. Technological progress is constantly accelerating, currently most of the world's money is concentrated in electronic accounts and wallets. The purpose of scientific work is to analyze the risks and opportunities caused by the chosen direction of investment. The issue of centralization of capital investments on stock markets and cryptocurrency exchanges is considered. The history of the creation of centralized stock markets and decentralized crypto-platforms is traced. The article analyzes the dynamics of growth of the total amount of shares on the New York Stock Exchange and the dynamics of growth and decline of the price of one bitcoin in recent years. The article also analyzes the changes in the Ukrainian stock exchange over the past three years and explains how the situation has developed in the world and separately in the country affects investment and the state of the main joint-stock companies of Ukraine. The actions that led to the stabilization of the stock exchange after the full-scale invasion of Russia and COVID-19 are considered. The study compared two major currency exchanges: the US New York Stock Exchange and the Binance cryptocurrency exchange. It is also indicated how the world's largest stock and cryptocurrency markets reacted to the state of war in Ukraine and ways to help fight against the aggressor country. The largest fraudulent cyber-thefts on the world's cryptocurrency exchanges are analyzed and the amounts of lost funds in millions of US dollars and in the same crypto-coins that were stolen are indicated. Unlike cryptocurrency exchanges, the article describes that stock exchanges have not been robbed of millions of dollars. A SWOT analysis of the advantages, disadvantages, threats and opportunities of investing in instruments of classic stock exchanges and crypto-platforms was carried out. Comparing all the above-mentioned aspects, conclusions were drawn regarding the reliability of the respective exchange and the investment of monetary units of the subjects in the appropriate direction.
SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS AN INCLUSIVE CLUSTER CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY
Authors: Braunagel Andriy
Published: December 2023

The purpose of writing the article is the systematization of the elements of the cluster concept and directions for the implementation of the process approach in the management of social entrepreneurship, which will contribute to the acceleration of the implementation of the goals of sustainable development in the social economy. The main characteristic features of social entrepreneurship are presented. The theoretical and practical aspects of the formation of a cluster of social entrepreneurship and its influence on the mechanisms of development of the social economy in unstable conditions are studied. The relationship between the components of the cluster system of social entrepreneurship and process management tools to achieve the effectiveness of ideas regarding social impact, effects, values, and benefits is highlighted. The map of the inductive analysis of the narrative interview according to F. Schütze was developed and presented in the identification of the interests and needs of society in the activity of social entrepreneurship to achieve its sustainability and sustainable development. The scientific and practical tools of the process approach in the management of social entrepreneurship have been systematized. The article states that the clustering of social entrepreneurship determines the grouping of social enterprises and various social initiatives from entrepreneurs on the basis of common characteristics and specific features of their activity by territorial feature or context. It was revealed that the activities of the social entrepreneurship cluster are aimed at creating social value, convergence of the activities of the social entrepreneur and the stakeholders of the social enterprise, their market orientation and social innovations. It is noted that the process of social entrepreneurship determines the provision of social interests and needs through innovative and sustainable entrepreneurial approaches through the creation and management of enterprises or initiatives. A pool of tools for the effectiveness of social entrepreneurship has been identified: promising ideas, social innovations, socially responsible practices, and social institutions. The stages of the process map of social entrepreneurship to achieve sustainable development are characterized.