bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fat is a Therapeutic Issue: The Otherness of Obesity
Authors: O'Shea Leanne
Published: June 2021

Obesity is a poorly understood growing epidemic. Public perceptions continue to locate the problem with the individual, who is stigmatized, marginalized, and shamed. This article argues that assumptions, namely that psychological issues are causal, are unhelpful therapeutic responses that risk further shame and self-loathing. It proposes a psychotherapeutic approach to obesity with an open, curious therapeutic stance interested in the embodied experience of the client and includes contextual factors shaping the client/therapist field. This dialogical stance has the therapist as a nonjudgmental present other, who is able to hold the client's wants and needs at the center of the work.
On finite embedded clauses in Tuparí: their synchrony, diachrony, and typology
Authors: Singerman Adam Roth
Published: June 2021

Tuparí, an indigenous Brazilian language of the Tupían family, has innovated a highlyproductive finite embedded clause construction that retains the morphosyntactic hallmarks of matrix clauses – without any neutralization in tense or evidentiality. I offer a synchronic analysis of these finite embedded clauses and propose a specific grammaticalization pathway that can account for their diachronic emergence: the clausal nominalizer hè developed out of a homophonous third person pronoun, allowing for paratactic constructions to be reanalyzed as involving true subordination. Both functions of hè (as a pronoun and as a clausal nominalizer) remain in use today, giving rise to occasional ambiguity. An additional aim of this paper is to evaluate the Tuparí facts in light of the literature on the Final-over-Final Condition (FOFC), a proposed syntactic universal. I will show that the language’s embedded clauses are unexpected on the most restrictive formulation of FOFC (Holmberg 2000) but can be accommodated without issue once FOFC is restricted to apply within Extended Projections. Situating Tuparí in the broader FOFC typology allows for a more fine-grained understanding of the distribution of the categorial features [+nominal] and [+verbal] in the language’s syntax.
Studi Hubungan Kuantitatif Sifat Lipofilik (πHANSCH), Elektronik (σHAMMET), dan Sterik (ES TAFT) dengan Aktivitas Antibakteri (Diameter Daerah Hambatan ) Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 dari Turunan N-Benzoil Sefaleksin
Authors: Dipahayu Damaranie , Soekardjo Bambang , Susilowati Ruly
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari hubungan kuantitatif antara parameter sifat lipofilik ((π Hansch), elektronik (σ Hammet) dan sterik (ES Taft) dengan aktivitas antibakteri yang ditunjukkan dengan diameter daerah hambatan Pseudomonas aeroginosa ATCC 90277 dari turunan N-Benzoil Sefaleksin. Turunan N-Benzoil Sefaleksin yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah N- Benzoil sefaleksin; N-[4- metilbenzoil] sefaleksin; N-[4- klorobenzoil] sefaleksin and N-[3,4- diklorobenzoil] sefaleksin. Aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan secara uji mikrobiologi menggunakan difusi silinder logam pada media Antibiotika-1. Data penelitian dianalisa secara regresi dengan derajat kepercayaan (α = 0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang liner antara variabelbebas yaitu parameter sifat lipofilik ((π Hansch), elektronik (σ Hammet) dan sterik (ES Taft) dari turunan NBenzoil Sefaleksin dengan variabel tergantung yaitu diameter daerah hambatan pertumbuhan bakteriPseudomonas aeroginosa ATCC 90277. Hubungan tersebut dinyatakan dengan suatu persamaan.Kata kunci : turunan N-Benzoil Sefaleksin, lipofilik (π Hansch), elektronik (σ Hammet),sterik (ES Taft), hubungan kuantitatif struktur dan aktivitas, diameter zona hambatABSTRACTThe aims of this research are to studies the quantitative relationship between lipophilicity (π Hansch); electronicity (σ Hammet); stericity (ES Taft) parameters and antibacterial activity of N- Benzoil cephalexin derivate (inhibit area diameter) on Pseudomonas aeroginosa ATCC 90277. The N- Benzoil cephalexin derivate which used in this research are N- Benzoil cephalexin; N-[4- methylbenzoil] cephalexin; N-[4- chlorobenzoil] cephalexin and N- [3,4- dichlorobenzoil] cephalexin. Antibacterial activity was done through assessment microbiological using metal cylinder diffusion on antibiotic-1 media.The experimental data was carried out by regression analyzed with α = 0.05. The result showed that there are linier relationship between lipophilicity (π Hansch); electronicity (σ Hammet); stericity (ES Taft) parameters of N- Benzoil cephalexin derivate (as independent variable) and inhibitation zone (diameter against Pseudomonas aeroginosa ATCC 90277 as dependent variable). The relationship are represented by equation.Keywords : N- Benzoil cephalexin derivate (lipophilicity (π Hansch), electronicity (σ Hammet) and stericity (ES Taft) parameter); quantitative structure activity relationship; antibacterial activity (inhibit area diameter)
Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Metanol Jamur Lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Handrianto Prasetyo
Published: June 2021

Penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri, jamur, virus dan parasit semakin sering dilaporkan di Indonesia. Salah satu bakteri yang menyebabkan penyakit yang Staphylococcus aureus. Obat antibakteri yang paling penting dalam penggunaan klinis antibiotik, yang kebanyakan adalah senyawa yang berasal dari alam, bahan alami yang dapat digunakan adalah Ganoderma lucidum. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak Ganoderma lucidum terhadap zona hambat bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode difusi kertas cakram. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan zona hambat bakteri pada konsentrasi 20 μg/ml (8,8 mm) dengan kategori tidak aktif, 40 μg/ml (11,5 mm) dengan kategori kurang aktif, 60 μg/ml (13,4 mm) dengan kategori kurang aktif, 80 μg/ml (15,4 mm) dengan kategori aktif, and 100 μg/ml (17,0 mm) dengan kategori sangat aktif. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak Ganoderma lucidum berpengaruh terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus.Kata kunci: Jamur Lingzhi ( Ganoderma lucidum ), Staphylococcus aureus, antibakteri, Metanol .
Prevalence, Attitude and Knowledge of Self Medication during Covid-19 Disease Pandemic
Authors: Azhar Hamna , Tauseef Ambreen , Usman Tahir , Azhar Yousra , Ahmed Momna , Umer Khadija , Shoaib M.
Published: June 2021

Aim: To determine the prevalence, attitude, and knowledge of self-medication of general population for the prevention of coronavirus during the COVID 19 pandemic. Place and duration of the study: Major studies of Punjab during 2020. Methodology: A self-generated questionnaire was distributed online amongst the general population of Punjab excluding the people using medication for any other chronic medical disorder. The study included the general public including the age group from 16-60 years. Results: Among 290 participants, 33.7% were males and 66.3% were female. Based on the data obtained 53% used medication without a doctor’s prescription (self- medication) while 46.7% took the medication with a doctor’s prescription. Those with the habit of self-medication relied on both allopathic and herbal medications due to various reasons, the most frequent reason found was unavailability of doctors (27.8%). The most frequently used self-medicated drugs were pain killers, Hydroxychloroquinone, Azithromycin and Ivermectin to prevent from this deadly virus (p-value=0.000).Adverse effects reported after self-medications are statistically non-significant. Conclusion It is concluded that majority of the general population of Punjab are in the habit of self-medicating themselves because of difficulty in approaching physicians and the most commonly self-medicated drug with or without symptoms was found to be tablet Azithromycin as a preventive measure during this pandemic. Keywords: COVID-19, self-medication, adverse effects
A Bird’s Eye View on Firearm Injuries Lady Reading Hospital MTI, Peshawar
Authors: Afridi Almas , Shahzad Hamid , Shirin S H , Nouman M , Akhtar J , Hayat T , Bahadur J , Fareed S , Jaffar Z
Published: June 2021

Background There is a concern that firearm injuries are very common reported at lady Reading hospital Peshawar MTI, but the there are no contemporary studies. Gunshot wound are persistent burden on community as well as on hospitals Aim: To evaluate trends of firearm injuries reporting to LRH their anatomical distributions and their outcomes. Methods: This prospective randomized study (a pilot project for public health alert) was conducted in Accident & Emergency Department of Lady Reading hospital MTI, Peshawar KPK, from 1st May, 2020 to 1st October, 2020. Hundred patients with firearm injuries to different region shot were included in this study. Data collected on predesigned proforma and entries in HMIS used after stabilizing the patient. A prospective pilot study done over a period of six months from 1st May, 2020 to 1st October, 2020 in trauma section of Accident Emergency department of Lady Reading hospital MTI Peshawar. Results: Patients of all age groups with firearm injuries were included in this study from May 2020 to October 2020. Data was collected on predesigned proforma as well as HMIS (health management information system) of ED department. A total of 100 patients presented to LRH with firearm injuries during six months. Males outnumbered female by 6:1 accounting for 100(85%) of injured. : Domestic violence was found to be the most common reason for the firearm use 44(44%), Don’t know or refuse to share was 29(29%), rivalry 12(12%), land and property conflict 9(9%), street fight 3(3%) accidental gunshots 2%, (n=25) and robbery 1.1% (n=1).The most common firearm used for inflicting injury was pistol (70%), shot gun (2.2%), curiously 16% were either reluctant or were never knowing about the weapon Conclusion: Firearm injuries are common public health problem globally, in our set up situation is more grievous and less highlighted, the most common cause being domestic violence, lack of education, easy availability of arms, illegal or legal weapon ownership making situation worst in the form of premature deaths and disability. Understanding the nature of problem can prevent this violence Keywords: Firearms, violence, gunshot wounds, homicides, suicides
La calidad de las preguntas de encuesta en España: una comparación transnacional
Authors: Bosch Oriol J. , Revilla Melanie
Published: June 2021

La mayoría de la investigación social estudia conceptos abstractos (p. ej., actitudes) mediante preguntas de encuestas. No obstante, las encuestas adolecen de errores de medición que afectan a las conclusiones sustantivas. Cuando dichos errores difieren entre países, comparar relaciones estadísticas estandarizadas entre países puede resultar en conclusiones incorrectas. Sin embargo, la calidad de medición de las preguntas de encuestas en España no ha sido investigada de forma comparada. Utilizando un experimento MultiRasgo-MultiMétodo, realizado en la Encuesta Social Europea (ESS), comparamos la calidad de las preguntas en España con la de otros países. En general, la calidad de medición en España es superior a la mayoría de países participantes. Además, si no se tienen en cuenta los errores de medición al comparar España con otros países, las conclusiones sustantivas pueden ser erróneas.
MODELO DE PROCESSO DE INOVAÇÃO ABERTA NO FORMATO DE UMA INDICAÇÃO GEOGRÁFICA: O CASO DO AGLOMERADO DA PEQUENA INDÚSTRIA DE LEITE NO SEMIÁRIDO DE PERNAMBUCO.
Authors: Roma Suely De Carvalho , Cavalcanti André Marques , Da Silva Auristela Maria
Published: June 2021

A economia da região semiárida do nordeste brasileiro historicamente sempre esteve ligada ao leite bovino. Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar se no modelo de gestão adotada no aglomerado da pequena indústria do leite há processo de inovação. Para atingir esse objetivo, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo a partir de entrevista estruturada com base nos requisitos do modelo teórico de inovação aberta. Dentre os achados deste estudo, os pesquisados mostram-se limitados e passivos às técnicas que já existem e dominam, como também aos conceitos e ações que viabilizem a adoção de um perfil inovador. Propor um modelo de processo de inovação aberta como fator estratégico de desenvolvimento deste setor é uma possibilidade que está alinhada com a condição das empresas investigadas.
Aplicação da Teoria de Resposta ao Item (TRI) na identificação de indicadores quantitativos discriminantes para a prática de benchmarking empresarial
Authors: Baltazar Marcos Charles Pinheiro , Albertin Marcos Ronaldo , Pontes Heráclito Lopes Jaguaribe
Published: June 2021

O benchmarking como ferramenta gerencial se baseia em práticas e métricas. Entretanto, há variáveis latentes que não podem ser medidas diretamente. A Teoria de Resposta ao Item (TRI), técnica estatística muito explorada na área da saúde, é pouco explorada na área de gestão. Este trabalho busca aplicar a TRI para identificar um conjunto de indicadores que sejam discriminativos e possíveis de serem para a prática do benchmarking empresarial. Após analisar 31 indicadores de 203 empresas listadas na Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo, foi possível identificar 21 indicadores discriminantes distribuídos em 5 fatores. Concluiu-se que a TRI é uma técnica capaz de identificar indicadores discriminativos com baixo valor do Root Mean Square Error of Aproximation (RMSEA) e que traz novas interpretações de métricas já existentes - no caso específico métricas econômicas e financeiras - além de facilitar a compreensão de traços latentes.
Molekularne podłoże proteinopatii: przyczyna zespołów otępiennych i zaburzeń motorycznych
Authors: Zgórzyńska Emilia , Krawczyk Klaudia , Bełdzińska Patrycja , Walczewska Anna
Published: June 2021

Streszczenie

Choroby neurodegeneracyjne są istotnym problemem medycznym i społecznym wśród osób starszych, których odsetek znacząco wzrasta w większości krajów na świecie. Ich przyczyną jest dysfunkcja i niszczenie neuronów spowodowane proteinopatiami, które prowadzą do tworzenia się patologicznych złogów w neuronach, komórkach glejowych oraz w przestrzeni międzykomórkowej. Do białek, których cząsteczki łatwo się destabilizują w wyniku mutacji punktowych lub endogennych procesów należą alfa-synukleina (ASN), białko tau oraz TDP-43. Patologiczne postaci tych białek tworzą charakterystyczne dla każdego z nich agregaty, które kumulują się w neuronach i są przyczyną różnych postaci chorób otępiennych i zaburzeń motorycznych. Najczęstszymi przyczynami zespołów otępiennych są tauopatie. Do tauopatii pierwotnych należą: postępujące porażenie nadjądrowe (PSP), zwyrodnienie korowo-podstawne (CBD), choroba Picka (PiD) oraz otępienie czołowo-skroniowe (FTD), w których zmodyfikowane cząsteczki tau zaburzają transport aksonalny przez mikrotubule prowadząc do nieprawidłowej dystrybucji białek w neuronach, a helikalne fragmenty i splątki białka degradują neurony w różnych strukturach mózgu. Do tauopatii mieszanych zalicza się chorobę Alzheimera, w której za degenerację hipokampa, kory śródwęchowej oraz jąder migdałowatych odpowiadają splątki hiperfosforylowanego tau wraz ze złogami amyloidu β. Do synukleinopatii należy choroba Parkinsona, zanik wieloukładowy (MSA) oraz otępienie z ciałami Lewy’ego, w których dochodzi do degeneracji neuronów szlaków pozapiramidowych lub tak jak w MSA, także nerwów autonomicznych. Inkluzje rybonukleoproteiny TDP-43 w cytoplazmie są przyczyną degeneracji neuronów ruchowych w stwardnieniu zanikowym bocznym (ALS), a także w jednym z wariantów otępienia czołowo-skroniowego (FTLD-TDP). Opracowanie poświęcone jest budowie białek ASN, tau i TDP-43 oraz genetycznym i sporadycznym przyczynom destabilizacji cząsteczek, ich agregacji i nieprawidłowego rozmieszczenia w neuronach prowadzących do neurodegeneracji.
Clout Chasing for the Sake of Content Monetization: Gaming Algorithmic Architectures with Self-Moderation Strategies
Authors: Bertaglia Thales , Dubois Adrien , Goanta Catalina
Published: June 2021

This short discussion paper addresses how controversy is monetized online by reflecting on a new iteration of the shock value in media production, identified on social media as the ‘clout chasing’ phenomenon. We first exemplify controversial behavior, and subsequently proceed to defining clout chasing, which we discuss this concept in relation to existing frameworks for the understanding of controversy on social media. We then outline what clout chasing entails as a content monetization strategy, and address the risks associated with this approach. In doing so, we introduce the concept of ‘content self-moderation,’ which encompasses how creators use content moderation as a way to hedge monetization risks arising out of their reliance on controversy for economic growth. This concept is discussed in the context of the automated content governance entailed by algorithmic platform architectures, to contribute to existing scholarship on platform governance.
Flavonoids: Understanding Their Biosynthetic Pathways in Plants and Health Benefits
Authors: IfedibaluChukwu Ejiofor InnocentMary , Chikodili Igbokwe Maria-Goretti
Published: June 2021

Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds and are one of the most abundant secondary metabolites present in plants. They are found in almost all vegetables and fruits. Flavonoids are of essence to plants and to man as well, due to their Medicinal and Pharmaceutical importance. Explicit understanding of the biosynthetic pathway of flavonoids is very essential. This will provide a stepwise explanation of the processes and mechanisms through which different forms of flavonoids are synthesized in plants, including the enzyme(s) responsible for each step. The importance in plants, medicine and pharmacy, of all the product(s) of each step will be emphasized.
Electrolytes in the ICU
Authors: Zaidi Syed , Bollam Rahul , Saleem Kainat
Published: June 2021

Electrolyte disorders is an imbalance of certain ionized salts (sodium, potassium, calcium, bicarbonate, chloride) in the blood. Healthcare providers should be familiar with the principles of electrolyte physiology and pathophysiology. Disturbances in sodium homeostasis are primarily caused by volume abnormalities leading to primarily neurologic symptoms. Dyskalemias frequently present with cardiac manifestations therefore should be treated promptly before evaluating its cause. Ion deficiencies such as hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia and hypophosphatemia should be corrected as they are associated with increased adverse events in critically ill patients.
Structure and Properties of Dyes and Pigments
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Dixit Utkarsh , Singh Kaman , Prakash Gupta Satya , S. Jamal Beg Mirza
Published: June 2021

Colour is one of the elements of nature that makes human life more aesthetic and fascinating in the world. Plants, animals, and minerals have been used as primary sources for colourants, dyes or pigments since ancient times. In our daily life, we know about many substances which have specific colours. These are the substances which are used as colourants i.e.; colour imparting species. Both dyes and pigments are coloured as they absorb only some wavelength of visible light. Their structures have Aryl rings that have delocalized electron systems. These structures are said to be responsible for the absorption of electromagnetic radiation that has varying wavelengths, based upon the energy of the electron clouds. Dyes are coloured organic compounds that are used to impart colour to various substrates, including paper, leather, fur, hair, drugs, cosmetics, waxes, greases, plastics and textile materials. A Dye is a coloured compound due to the presence of chromophore and its fixed property to the acid or basic groups such as OH, SO3H, NH2, NR2, etc. The polar auxochrome makes the dye water-soluble and binds the dye to the fabric by interaction with the oppositely charged groups of the fabric structure. Pigments are organic and inorganic compounds which are practically insoluble in medium in which they are incorporated. Dyes and pigments are the most important colourants used to add colour or to change the colour of something. They are widely used in the textile, pharmaceutical, food, cosmetics, plastics, paint, ink, photographic and paper industries. This chapter is devoted to the structure and properties of dyes and pigments.
Early Assessment of Speech: Useful Clinical Indicators of Later Outcomes
Authors: van Eeden Stephanie , Williams Caroline
Published: June 2021

Children born with cleft lip and/or palate are at risk of speech problems. These may be related to nasality or to articulation difficulties. In many countries specialist speech and language therapists monitor these children from an early age. For clinicians and families, it is useful to know which children are at risk of later problems so that resources can be allocated appropriately, and families given clear information. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether it was possible to identify risk factors at age 12-months in a clinical setting. Speech assessments from 3-years were compared to findings at 12-months. The following speech variables were analyzed: canonical babbling, presence of anterior plosives and presence of cleft articulation errors. The findings showed that the presence of anterior plosives at 12-months was a predictor of later velopharyngeal function and articulation. These findings support the need for early assessment to determine the provision of early speech therapy intervention for children with cleft lip and/or palate.
Priorités régionales de conservation pour les Mollusques continentaux : un défi pour les taxons mal documentés
Authors: BICHAIN Jean-Michel , UMBRECHT Kevin , RYELANDT Julien , CUCHERAT Xavier
Published: June 2021

À peine 1 % des Mollusques continentaux, à l’échelle européenne ou nationale, bénéficient d’un statut réglementaire de protection bien que près de 30 % à 40 % des espèces du groupe soient considérées comme menacées d’après les critères de l’UICN. Il paraît donc nécessaire de fournir des outils complémentaires pour la gestion/planification des stratégies régionales de conservation. Nous proposons ici une liste hiérarchisée des espèces à enjeux de conservation à partir d’une méthode de notation par points fondée sur trois critères et d’un indice concernant l’état des connaissances. Le jeu de données mobilise environ 60 000 données d’occurrence pour 227 espèces cibles pour les régions Grand Est et Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. Nous observons des disparités importantes de quantité/qualité d’informations non seulement entre les sous-unités géographiques, mais aussi entre les différents grands groupes taxonomiques. Les biais taxonomiques s’expliquent notamment par la rareté intrinsèque des espèces, la difficulté d’identifier les taxons et/ou la fiabilité de leurs descripteurs et les mesures réglementaires contraignantes qui orientent la recherche des espèces. Le résultat de la procédure de hiérarchisation indique que 51 % des espèces cibles, dont 15 % présentent un risque majeur d’extinction à l’échelle globale ou régionale, présentent un volume et une qualité d’informations jugés satisfaisants afin d’évaluer leur niveau de priorisation. Les autres espèces présentent un handicap de connaissance taxonomique, d’identification et/ou de répartition qui ne permet pas d’évaluer rigoureusement leur degré de priorisation. Nous montrons donc qu’il n’existe pas de bons indicateurs, dans l’état actuel des connaissances, pour le législateur et/ou le conservateur afin d’identifier, évaluer et prioriser les besoins de conservation des Mollusques à l’échelle régionale. Nos résultats permettent en revanche d’établir les bases d’une stratégie régionale en séparant les réels enjeux de conservation des enjeux d’amélioration des connaissances.
“What’s on the Interface Tonight?”
Authors: Kelly JP , Sørensen Jannick Kirk
Published: June 2021

This article presents a new method for analysing video-on-demand (VOD) publishing strategies over time. It demonstrates this method on two public service media [PSM] VOD platforms from two countries: BBC iPlayer in the UK and DRTV in Denmark. The article begins with a close analysis of their respective interfaces to contextualise our subsequent “distant reading” (Moretti, 2013) of these platforms.We use distant reading to examine the spatial and temporal patterns present in both interfaces, with our analysis based on two original data sets that have been compiled over a period of approximately 14 months (beginning in August 2019).This data is analysed and visualised in order to reveal patterns and anomalies at a macroscopic level. Through a close and distant reading of these services, we offer valuable new insights into, and metrics for, the performance and publishing strategies of PSM VOD platforms.
Streamer-Interface-Viewer Entanglement
Authors: Ye Zhen
Published: June 2021

In China, the live-streaming industry has a distinctive model of cultural production: showroom live-streaming. It is often adopted by social media platforms to complement other social networking activities. This study reveals the ways in which social media platforms (specifically, Douyin and Momo) design their showroom livestreaming interfaces and aff ordances to normalise and commodify the aff ective interactions between female streamers and their male viewers and to establish a gendered power relationship. Using the walkthrough method during two stages of the apps (entry to live-streaming chatrooms and the everyday use of live-streaming chatrooms), this study analyses various aff ordances regarding their functional, sensory, and cognitive impacts on users. This research thereby demonstrates that the live-streaming interface design constructs two types of subject positions. The ideal user is constructed as a heterosexual male, who is empowered through the consumption of virtual gifts; in contrast, the interface nudges the female streamers to conduct emotional labour and deliver implicitly sexualised performances to maintain an aff ective relationship with viewers.
Wound Management of a Pediatric Spina Bifida Patient Secondary to a Canine-Inflicted Fifth-Digit Amputation: A Case Report
Authors: Lovett Brittany A. , Berry-Cabán Cristóbal S. , Duran Deanna E. , McKiernan Sharon P.
Published: June 2021

We present a case of a pediatric patient with a history of spina bifida who presented to the emergency department of a large Army medical treatment facility with a partially amputated right fifth digit she sustained while sleeping with the family canine. There are several reports in the popular press that suggest that an animal, particularly a dog, can detect human infection, and it is hypothesized that the toe chewing was triggered by a wound infection. This case provides an opportunity to provide further education in caring for foot wounds in patients with spina bifida.
Level of Agreement Between Systematic Doppler Examination of the Lower Extremity and Diagnostic Angiography in the Setting of Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Greene Timothy , Hasenstein Todd , Choi Eric T. , Meyr Andrew J.
Published: June 2021

Background

The objective of this investigation was to determine the level of agreement between a systematic clinical Doppler examination of the foot and ankle and diagnostic peripheral angiography.

Methods

The described Doppler examination technique attempted to determine the patency, quality, and direction of the flow through the dorsalis pedis artery, posterior tibial artery, terminal branches of the peroneal artery, and vascular arch of the foot. These results were then compared with angiographic distal run-off images as interpreted by a blinded vascular surgeon.

Results

Levels of agreement with respect to artery patency/quality ranged from 64.0% to 84.0%. Sensitivity ranged from 53.8% to 84.2%, and specificity ranged from 64.7% to 91.7%. Agreement with respect to arterial flow direction ranged from 73.3% to 90.5%.

Conclusions

We interpret these results to indicate that this comprehensive physical examination technique of the arterial flow to the foot and ankle with a Doppler device might serve as a reasonable initial surrogate to diagnostic angiography in some patients with peripheral arterial disease.
Rare Intramuscular Lipoma of the Foot: A Case Report
Authors: Awad Peter
Published: June 2021

Intramuscular lipoma is a rare subset of a more common soft-tissue tumor, lipoma. The etiology is unknown. It is a rare soft-tissue tumor with an overall incidence of less than 1% of all lipomas. Magnetic resonance imaging tends to be the imaging modality of choice, used for surgical preparation. Widely accepted treatment involves local excision. The author presents a case study involving a patient with an abnormally large, recurrent intramuscular lipoma of the left hallux, surgically excised and confirmed by pathology reports. iscussion includes a review of intramuscular lipoma. A review of the literature revealed only two previous reports.
Neglected Stiff Equinocavus Foot Deformity Treated with Cole Osteotomy, Combined with External Ilizarov Hinged Frame Fixation, Soft-Tissue Release, and Achilles Tendon Lengthening: A Case Report
Authors: Tilkeridis Konstantinos , Keskinis Anthimos , Paraskevopoulos Konstantinos , Papadopoulos Georgios , Chatzipapas Christos , Ververidis Athanasios N.
Published: June 2021

Stiff equinocavus foot deformities are challenging clinical entities that may be treated with osteotomies and extensive soft-tissue release. The most common causes of such lesions are neglected trauma and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease; other causes include burns, neurologic diseases, and compartment leg syndrome. Conventional treatments, including extensive soft-tissue release, osteotomies, and arthrodesis combined with or without internal splinting, may result in severe complications such as neurovascular or soft-tissue damage and shortening of the foot. The Ilizarov technique may be superior to the traditional approach, because it allows surgeons to apply gradual and titrated correction of individual components of complex deformities and results in minimal surgical morbidity without shortening of the foot. This is the first case report in the literature describing the simultaneous use of Cole osteotomy, combined with external Ilizarov hinged frame fixation, soft-tissue release, and Achilles tendon lengthening for the treatment of an extreme neglected stiff equinocavus foot deformity.
Plasma Cell Dyscrasia of the Calcaneus: A Rare and Unusual Case Presentation
Authors: Ly Peter N.
Published: June 2021

A rare and unusual case of plasma cell dyscrasia of the calcaneus is presented. Clinically, the patient had a draining and painful ulcer that was treated with appropriate antibiotics and wound care but failed to show any signs of healing. Radiographic images showed cystic changes of the calcaneus in the vicinity of the ulcer. Blood work was negative for bone and soft-tissue infection, but uric acid and alkaline phosphatase levels were elevated. Nuclear bone scan showed increased uptake in the calcaneus suggestive of osteomyelitis. One possible differential diagnosis was an intraosseous gouty tophus deposit. Not convinced that this was either a bone infection or gout, the author performed a bone biopsy. Pathologic evaluation indicated plasma cell dyscrasia. Continued wound care healed the ulcer completely, with resolution of pain of his heel. Oncology/hematology was consulted, and 16 months after biopsy, he remains asymptomatic.
Cavin3 released from caveolae interacts with BRCA1 to regulate the cellular stress response
Authors: McMahon Kerrie-Ann , Stroud David A , Gambin Yann , Tillu Vikas , Bastiani Michele , Sierecki Emma , Polinkovsky Mark E , Hall Thomas E , Gomez Guillermo A , Wu Yeping , Parat Marie-Odile , Martel Nick , Lo Harriet P , Khanna Kum Kum , Alexandrov Kirill , Daly Roger , Yap Alpha , Ryan Michael T , Parton Robert G
Published: June 2021

Caveolae-associated protein 3 (cavin3) is inactivated in most cancers. We characterized how cavin3 affects the cellular proteome using genome-edited cells together with label-free quantitative proteomics. These studies revealed a prominent role for cavin3 in DNA repair, with BRCA1 and BRCA1 A-complex components being downregulated on cavin3 deletion. Cellular and cell-free expression assays revealed a direct interaction between BRCA1 and cavin3 that occurs when cavin3 is released from caveolae that are disassembled in response to UV and mechanical stress. Overexpression and RNAi-depletion revealed that cavin3 sensitized various cancer cells to UV-induced apoptosis. Supporting a role in DNA repair, cavin3-deficient cells were sensitive to PARP inhibition, where concomitant depletion of 53BP1 restored BRCA1-dependent sensitivity to PARP inhibition. We conclude that cavin3 functions together with BRCA1 in multiple cancer-related pathways. The loss of cavin3 function may provide tumor cell survival by attenuating apoptotic sensitivity and hindering DNA repair under chronic stress conditions.
Psychosocial experiences modulate asthma-associated genes through gene-environment interactions
Authors: Resztak Justyna A , Farrell Allison K , Mair-Meijers Henriette , Alazizi Adnan , Wen Xiaoquan , Wildman Derek E , Zilioli Samuele , Slatcher Richard B , Pique-Regi Roger , Luca Francesca
Published: June 2021

Social interactions and the overall psychosocial environment have a demonstrated impact on health, particularly for people living in disadvantaged urban areas. Here, we investigated the effect of psychosocial experiences on gene expression in peripheral blood immune cells of children with asthma in Metro Detroit. Using RNA-sequencing and a new machine learning approach, we identified transcriptional signatures of 19 variables including psychosocial factors, blood cell composition, and asthma symptoms. Importantly, we found 169 genes associated with asthma or allergic disease that are regulated by psychosocial factors and 344 significant gene-environment interactions for gene expression levels. These results demonstrate that immune gene expression mediates the link between negative psychosocial experiences and asthma risk.
The impact of mental and somatic stressors on physical activity and sedentary behaviour in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a diary study
Authors: Poppe Louise , De Paepe Annick L. , Van Ryckeghem Dimitri M.L. , Van Dyck Delfien , Maes Iris , Crombez Geert
Published: June 2021

Background

Adopting an active lifestyle is key in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Nevertheless, the majority of individuals with T2DM fails to do so. Additionally, individuals with T2DM are likely to experience mental (e.g., stress) and somatic (e.g., pain) stressors. Research investigating the link between these stressors and activity levels within this group is largely lacking. Therefore, current research aimed to investigate how daily fluctuations in mental and somatic stressors predict daily levels of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour among adults with T2DM.

Methods

Individuals with T2DM (N = 54) were instructed to complete a morning diary assessing mental and somatic stressors and to wear an accelerometer for 10 consecutive days. The associations between the mental and somatic stressors and participants’ levels of PA and sedentary behaviour were examined using (generalized) linear mixed effect models.

Results

Valid data were provided by 38 participants. We found no evidence that intra-individual increases in mental and somatic stressors detrimentally affected participants’ activity levels. Similarly, levels of sedentary behaviour nor levels of PA were predicted by inter-individual differences in the mental and somatic stressors.
Association of heat shock protein polymorphisms with patient susceptibility to coronary artery disease comorbid depression and anxiety in a Chinese population
Authors: Wang Haidong , Ba Yudong , Han Wenxiu , Zhang Haixia , Zhu Laiqing , Jiang Pei
Published: June 2021

Background

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the severe diseases that threaten human health worldwide. In addition, the associated rate of comorbidity with depression and anxiety is extremely high. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a group of proteins that possesses cardiovascular and psychological protection properties. The objective of this study is to determine the association of the two most widely studied HSPs, namely, HSP70 and HSP90, with CAD comorbid depression and anxiety in a Chinese population.

Methods

A case-control study involving 271 CAD patients and 113 healthy individuals was conducted. The 271 CAD patients include individuals with (123) and without depression (148) and individuals with (57) and without anxiety (214). Ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for HSP70 and seven SNPs for HSP90 were selected and genotyped.

Results

Results revealed that the HSP70 rs10892958 C allele and HSP70 rs2236658 T allele were associated with a decreased risk of CAD (P < 0.05), whereas the G allele of the rs11218941 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of CAD. The haplotype analysis results indicated that the haplotype TGGGC of the HSPA8 gene (coded the HSP70 family, rs4936770/rs4802/rs10892958/rs11218941/rs2236658) significantly increased the risk of CAD (P = 0.008). Among the patients with CAD, the carriers of the CC genotype for the HSP90 rs1042665 showed higher risks of anxiety than the carriers of another genotypes. However, no significant relationships were found among the CAD with depression and CAD without depression groups for the selected SNPs. These findings suggested that the genetic polymorphisms in the HSP gene, especially the HSPA8 of HSP70, contribute to CAD susceptibility and rs1042665 genetic polymorphisms might have an effect on the anxiety incidence among CAD patients.
Effect of Initial Plant Density on Growth and Nutrients Removal Efficiency of Duckweed (Lemna minor) from Leachate
Authors: Iqbal Jamshaid , Javed Atif , Javed Hussnain
Published: June 2021

An experiment was conducted by growing 25%, 50% and 100% initial densities of duckweed (Lemna minor) plants on dumpsite leachate under natural climatic conditions. Lemna minor (L. minor) growth and its ability to remove and absorb the nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous) from leachate was investigated at each mat density. A simple mathematical model was developed to calculate the harvesting frequency (in days) of L. minor on leachate. The maximum growth rate (6.84 ± 4.13 g m-2day-1) of L. minor was observed at 50% initial density of L. minor plants on leachate whereas, the nutrients removal from leachate was the highest at 100% initial cover of L. minor plants on leachate. At 100% density L. minor removed nitrogen at the rate of 152.12 ± 2.31 mgm-2day-1 total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and phosphorous at the rate 109.24 ± 3.05 mgm-2day-1 total phosphorous (TP) from the leachate. Absorption of the nitrogen and phosphorous was also highest at 50% density when L. minor absorbed 86% of the total removed nitrogen and 77% of the total removed phosphorous into its biomass. At 100% density in addition to the absorption of nutrients by L. minor, factors such as nitrification/denitrification and, nitrogen and phosphorous assimilation by algae and microorganisms also account for the overall high rates of nutrients removal from leachate. Based on the results of this study, L. minor can be used as a potential aquatic plant for developing a cost-effective natural system of leachate treatment.
Interfacial‐Strain‐Controlled Ferroelectricity in Self‐Assembled BiFeO3 Nanostructures
Authors: Song Jingfeng , Zhuang Shihao , Martin Michael , Ortiz‐Flores Luis A. , Paudel Binod , Yarotski Dmitry , Hu Jiamian , Chen Aiping , Huey Bryan D.
Published: June 2021

Self‐assembled BiFeO3‐CoFe2O4 (BFO‐CFO) vertically aligned nanocomposites are promising for logic, memory, and multiferroic applications, primarily due to the tunability enabled by strain engineering at the prodigious epitaxial vertical interfaces. However, local investigations directly revealing functional properties in the vicinity of such critical interfaces are often hampered by the size, geometry, microstructure, and concomitant experimental artifacts. Ferroelectric switching in the presence of lateral distributions of vertical strain thus remains relatively unexplored, with broader implications for all strain‐engineered functional devices. By implementing tomographic atomic force microscopy, 3D domain orientation mapping, and spatially‐resolved ferroelectric switching movies, local tensile strain significantly impacts the ferroelectric switching, principally by retarding domain nucleation in the BFO nearest to the vertically epitaxial tensile‐strained interfaces. The relaxed centers of the BFO pillars become preferred domain nucleation and growth sites for low biases, with up to an order of magnitude change in the edge:center switching ratio for high biases. The new, multi‐dimensional imaging approach—and its corresponding insights especially for directly strained interface effects on local properties—thereby advances the fundamental understanding of polarization switching and provides design principles for optimizing functional response in confined nanoferroic systems.
Enhancing the Solubility and Transdermal Delivery of Drugs Using Ionic Liquid‐In‐Oil Microemulsions
Authors: Lu Beibei , Bo Yiyang , Yi Mingjie , Wang Zhenyuan , Zhang Jichuan , Zhu Zhenye , Zhao Yanli , Zhang Jiaheng
Published: June 2021

The development of hydrophobic drug and protein delivery carriers remains a challenge. To synthesize L‐(‐)‐carnitine‐based ionic liquid (IL), this study applies the density functional theory to investigate the hydrogen bonds and van der Waals force that govern L‐(‐)‐carnitine‐based IL formation. An ionic liquid‐in‐oil microemulsion (IL/O ME) is then developed to facilitate the transdermal delivery of proteins and increase the solubility of drugs. IL/O ME is prepared using isopropyl myristate (IPM), Tween 80/Span 20, and L‐(‐)‐carnitine‐based IL. The skin permeation studies conducted using mouse skin show that the insulin permeation percentage of the developed IL/O ME is 3.55 folds higher than that of phosphate‐buffered saline and 2.91 folds better than that of a hydrophilic L‐(‐)‐carnitine‐based IL. In addition, the solubility of two drug molecules, that is, rosiglitazone and bezafibrate, in IL/O ME is at least 49.28 folds higher than their solubility in water or IPM. Therefore, IL/O ME can significantly improve the solubility of drugs and increase the permeability of proteins (e.g., insulin), thus demonstrating a promising potential as a delivery carrier.
Sex‐Specific Response to Combinations of Shear Stress and Substrate Stiffness by Endothelial Cells In Vitro
Authors: James Bryan D. , Allen Josephine B.
Published: June 2021

By using a full factorial design of experiment, the combinatorial effects of biological sex, shear stress, and substrate stiffness on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) spreading and Yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP1) activity are able to be efficiently evaluated. Within the range of shear stress (0.5–1.5 Pa) and substrate stiffness (10–100 kPa), male HUVECs are smaller than female HUVECs. Only with sufficient mechanical stimulation do they spread to a similar size. More importantly, YAP1 nuclear localization in female HUVECs is invariant to mechanical stimulation within the range of tested conditions whereas for male HUVECs it increases nonlinearly with increasing shear stress and substrate stiffness. The sex‐specific response of HUVECs to combinations of shear stress and substrate stiffness reinforces the need to include sex as a biological variable and multiple mechanical stimuli in experiments, informs the design of precision biomaterials, and offers insight for understanding cardiovascular disease sexual dimorphisms. Moreover, here it is illustrated that different complex mechanical microenvironments can lead to sex‐specific phenotypes and sex invariant phenotypes in cultured endothelial cells.
Discovery and Engineering of Bacterial (−)‐Isopiperitenol Dehydrogenases to Enhance (−)‐Menthol Precursor Biosynthesis
Authors: Zhan Jing‐Ru , Shou Chao , Zheng Yu‐Cong , Chen Qi , Pan Jiang , Li Chun‐Xiu , Xu Jian‐He
Published: June 2021

Microbial synthesis of (−)‐menthol, a compound of plant origin, is of great importance because of the high demand for this product and related sustainability issues. However, the total biosynthesis of (−)‐menthol from easily available feedstocks like (−)‐limonene by engineered microbial hosts is stalled by the poor protein expression or activity of several enzymes from the native (−)‐menthol biosynthesis pathway of mint (Mentha piperita). Among these unsatisfied steps, (−)‐isopiperitenol dehydrogenase (IPDH) catalyzed oxidation reaction of (−)‐trans‐isopiperitenol was one of the bottlenecks that need to be optimized. In this work, two novel bacterial enzymes with IPDH activity were discovered to replace their inefficient counterpart from plant cells in microbial (−)‐menthol synthesis. Two key residues in PaIPDH from Pseudomonas aeruginosa were mutated to PaIPDHE95F/Y199V with 4.4‐fold improved specific activity than PaIPDH. The mechanism for the beneficial mutations was elucidated by molecular dynamics simulations. PaIPDHE95F/Y199V was used to synthesize (−)‐isopiperitenone from (−)‐limonene in vivo via a self‐sufficient cofactor cascade enzyme reaction, affording a 3.7‐fold enhanced titer of (−)‐isopiperitenone compared with that obtained using the original mint IPDH (MpIPDH). The bacterial enzyme PaIPDHE95F/Y199V can be applied in the future for constructing a more efficient artificial pathway to biosynthesize (−)‐menthol in a microbial whole‐cell system.

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DBU Catalysed Enantioselective Degradative Rearrangement: a Way to Tetrasubstituted 2‐Aryl‐2‐Amino Esters
Authors: Loro Camilla , Sala Roberto , Penso Michele , Foschi Francesca
Published: June 2021

Herein we report a catalytic, easily scalable protocol for the enantioselective synthesis of Tetrasubstituted α‐aryl‐α‐amino acid derivatives, using a biphasic system composed by catalytic DBU in DME and aqueous solutions of Na2CO3. Under very mild reaction conditions, without using metal or chiral additives, this heterogeneous system promotes the degradative rearrangement of functionalized N‐aryl sulphonyl α‐amino esters into the corresponding tetrasubstituted 2‐aryl‐2‐amino esters, with high enantiomeric ratios (up to 97.5:2.5) and good yields (up to 95%).

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Diastereoselective Synthesis of Spirocyclic Ether from ortho‐Carbonylarylacetylenols via Silver‐Catalyzed Cyclization under Acidic Conditions
Authors: Jaithum Kanokwan , Tummatorn Jumreang , Boekfa Bundet , Thongsornkleeb Charnsak , Chainok Kittipong , Ruchirawat Somsak
Published: June 2021

ortho‐Carbonylarylacetylenol, can be utilized for the synthesis of several important core structures. In this work, a method is developed for the diastereoselective synthesis of spirocyclic ethers using a silver catalyst under the presence of acid. This protocol can be applied to a variety of substrates resulting in the corresponding products in 35–97% yields with good diastereoselectivity. The proposed reaction mechanisms and stereoselectivity outcome of the corresponding products are investigated using DFT calculation. This current protocol can be applied to a broad range of substrates which would be useful for the creation of libraries of spirocylic ethers

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