bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3‐D quasi proportional fairness scheduling in relay‐assisted multicell LTE‐A downlink
Authors: Ahmed Irfan
Published: June 2016

This paper presents a three‐dimensional (3‐D: space‐time‐frequency) quasi proportional fairness (QPF)‐based radio resource allocation and interference coordination scheme in multicell long‐term evolution‐advanced downlink. We formulate the resource allocation and interference coordination problem as a QPF‐based utility maximisation problem, wherein, QPF reduces the complexity compared with the conventional proportional fairness. Interference has been minimised through time, frequency and space domain resource allocation. The proposed 3‐D scheme utilises two time slots for intercell interference management, spatial position‐based frequency resource allocation for intracell interference mitigation, and frequency domain orthogonality across user equipment (UE) and relays for inter‐UE and UE‐relays interference management. It has been shown that the relaxed non‐convex primal problem and the dual problem have zero duality gap under the time‐sharing and tolerable interference constraints. The relaxed optimal problem has been solved through the Lagrange dual method. Simulation results show the efficacy of the proposed 3‐D scheme compared with the recently presented three slots time domain interference coordination with round robin and proportional fairness time domain interference coordination schemes. It has been observed that the proposed heuristic 3D with equal power scheme exhibits same performance as the heuristic 3D with water‐filling power allocation and retains the desired optimal level for more than 60% of the average users' throughput. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An investigation on compartment fires with plywood cribs
Authors: Dhurandher Bhisham Kumar , Kumar Ravi , Dhiman Amit Kumar , Sharma Pavan Kumar
Published: June 2016

An experimental investigation has been carried out for the burning of plywood cribs in a compartment under different ventilation conditions and two different crib patterns. A total of four experiments were conducted. Of them, three experiments were performed: the burning of regular crib pattern for 0%, 10%, and 100% compartment door opening. The fourth experiment was conducted for the staggered crib pattern with 100% door opening. Several measurements were made during experiments that include the flame temperature, ceiling temperature, total heat flux, outgoing gas temperatures, and heat release rate to investigate the burning characteristics and compartment environment. The rate of increase of heat release rate during growth period for staggered pattern crib was 11.5 kW/min, whereas for regular pattern crib, it was 8 kW/min. However, the peak heat release rate was only 15 kW higher as compared with that of the regular pattern crib. Increasing the ventilation to 10% and 100% has resulted in increase in the heat release rate by 61.6% and 77.4%, respectively. The compartment gas temperature and the total heat flux were highest for 10% door opening, whereas no significant changes were observed in flame temperatures with different ventilation conditions as well as crib pattern. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anterior lateral thigh osteomyocutaneous free flap reconstruction in the head and neck: The anterolateral thigh osteomyocutaneous femur bone flap
Authors: Brody Robert M. , Pandey Nirnimesh C. , Bur Andrés M. , O'Malley Bert W. , Rassekh Christopher H. , Weinstein Gregory S. , Chalian Ara A. , Newman Jason G. , Cannady Steven B.
Published: June 2016

Background

The anterolateral thigh (ALT) free flap is one of the most commonly used donor sites in head and neck reconstruction, however, it is not typically considered when an osseous component is needed.

Methods

Soft tissue harvests, cadaveric study, and retrospective analysis of a series of 10 patients undergoing angiography were performed to assess vascular supply to the femoral cortex. In 6 patients, corticocancellous split‐femur was incorporated into the ALT to reconstruct bony defects of the head and neck.

Results

There is a consistent blood supply to the femur from the lateral femoral circumflex artery both intraoperatively and on angiography. No fractures or orthopedic injuries have been seen to date. None of the patients had complications of bone harvest, such as deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism.

Conclusion

The ALT osteomyocutaneous (ALTO) flap has consistent vascular anatomy to the femoral cortex. This flap provides additional corticocancellous bone and overlying vastus intermedius muscle for the reconstruction of complex craniofacial defects. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1788–1793, 2016
Variable water‐saturated areas and streamflow generation in the small Ringelbach catchment (Vosges Mountains, France): the master recession curve as an equilibrium curve for interactions between atmosphere, surface and ground waters
Authors: Ambroise Bruno
Published: June 2016

In the small Ringelbach research catchment, where studies on the water cycle components in a granitic mountainous environment have been conducted since 1976, the water‐saturated areas that are hydraulically connected to the outlet play a major role in the streamflow generation, as it is here that complex interactions between atmosphere, surface and ground waters take place. During baseflow recession periods, which may last several months between two groundwater recharge events, the atmospheric inputs of water and energy on these contributing areas only explain the streamflow fluctuations observed around the master recession curve, which defines the groundwater contribution: fluctuating above it in the case of precipitation input on these areas, below it in the case of evaporation output from these areas. Streamflow may therefore largely deviate from the master recession curve in the case of long, hot, dry spells.

Detailed mapping has shown that their variable extent is well related to baseflow by a loglinear curve. On the other hand, a synthetic master recession curve, well fitted by a second‐order hyperbolic function, has been obtained from numerous pure recession periods. Both based on these two curves, a simple procedure and a simple model have been used to (i) validate the hypothesis that the connected saturated areas are the only permanent variable contributing areas and (ii) simulate the daily streamflow volumes over long baseflow recession periods by a water balance of the aquifer below these areas only. The storm runoff ratio for small to moderate rainfall events is indeed corresponding to the catchment saturated fraction at that time. The volume of daily streamflow oscillations is indeed corresponding to the evaporation at the potential rate from the saturated areas only. In both cases, streamflow naturally tends towards the master recession curve after the end of any atmospheric perturbation. Introducing these findings into TOPMODEL led to significantly improved simulation results during baseflow recession periods.

The master recession curve may therefore be considered as a dynamic equilibrium curve. Together with the relationship between saturated extent and baseflow, it provides the main characteristics necessary to understand and model the interactions at this complex interface and the resulting daily streamflow variations during baseflow recession periods in this type of catchment. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CFHR2‐rs2986127 as a genetic protective marker for acute anterior uveitis in Chinese patients
Authors: Huang Xiu‐Feng , Wang Yuqin , Li Fen‐Fen , Lin Dan , Dai Ma‐Li , Wang Qing‐Feng , Jin Zi‐Bing
Published: June 2016

Background

Complement factor H (CFH) related proteins (CFHRs) play important roles in complement activation pathways, whereas previous studies have only shown that CFH can affect the development of uveitis. In the present study, we investigated the potential associations between one of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in the CFHR2 gene with acute anterior uveitis (AAU).

Methods

A total of 571 subjects, 283 patients diagnosed with AAU and 288 healthy adult controls, were recruited for this case–control study. CFHR2‐rs2986127 was detected using Sequenom MassARRAY technology (Sequenom, San Diego, CA, USA).

Results

The stratified analyses for AAU patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) revealed a reduced frequency of the A allele in CFHR2‐rs2986127 compared to controls (p = 0.033, odds ratio = 0.563, 95% confidence interval = 330–0.960). Further stratified analyses revealed a similar significantly reduced frequency in male AAU patients with AS compared to male controls (p = 0.036, odds ratio = 0.514, 95% confidence interval = 0.274–0.965) and in AAU patients without posterior segment involvement compared to controls (p = 0.048).

Conclusions

The present study reveals an association between CFHR2‐rs2986127 and AAU diagnosis, especially with respect to gender, AS status and other clinical signs, such as posterior segment involvement. Our results may further enrich the growing understanding of uveitis genetics, and raise the clinical diagnostic accuracy of this disease. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Homomorphisms of 2‐Edge‐Colored Triangle‐Free Planar Graphs
Authors: Ochem Pascal , Pinlou Alexandre , Sen Sagnik
Published: June 2016

In this article, we introduce and study the properties of some target graphs for 2‐edge‐colored homomorphism. Using these properties, we obtain in particular that the 2‐edge‐colored chromatic number of the class of triangle‐free planar graphs is at most 50. We also show that it is at least 12.
Thiosemicarbazide Derivatives as Building Block in Synthesis of Target Heterocyclic Compounds with Their Antimicrobial Assessment
Authors: Abou Elmagd Wael S. I. , Hemdan Magdy M. , Samy Sandy S. , Youssef Ahmed S. A.
Published: June 2016

1‐(2‐Benzamido‐3‐(1,3‐diphenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)acryloyl)‐4‐phenylthiosemicarbazide is used as precursor for synthesis of imidazole, 1,3,4‐oxadiazole, 1,3,4‐thiadiazole, 1,3‐oxazine, and 1,2,4‐triazine ring systems. The antimicrobial activity of some of the synthesized compounds was tested.
Kinetics of serum HBsAg and intrahepatic cccDNA during pegylated interferon therapy in patients with HBeAg‐positive and HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Chuaypen Natthaya , Sriprapun Methee , Praianantathavorn Kesmanee , Payungporn Sunchai , Wisedopas Naruemon , Poovorawan Yong , Tangkijvanich Pisit
Published: June 2016

This study was aimed at comparing clinical applicability of serum HBsAg quantification in relation to intrahepatic covalently closed‐circular DNA (cccDNA) in patients with HBeAg‐positive and HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) treated with pegylated interferon (PEG‐IFN) monotherapy for 48 weeks. Overall, 32 and 36 patients with HBeAg‐positive and HBeAg‐negative CHB, respectively were recruited. Paired liver biopsies at baseline and end of therapy were analyzed for cccDNA. Virological response (VR) at 48 weeks post‐treatment was defined as HBeAg clearance (for HBeAg‐positive CHB) and HBV DNA <2,000 IU/ml (for both groups). The results demonstrated that baseline levels of all viral markers were higher in the HBeAg‐positive group than the HBeAg‐negative group. Baseline HBsAg correlated with cccDNA in the HBeAg‐positive group (r = 0.452, P = 0.009) but not in the HBeAg‐negative group (r = 0.018, P = 0.919). However, the magnitude of cccDNA and HBsAg decline at end of treatment was not different between groups. The reduction of HBsAg showed a positive correlation with cccDNA decline in HBeAg‐positive and HBeAg‐negative CHB (r = 0.544, P = 0.001 and r = 0.364, P = 0.029, respectively). Overall, responders had more decline in cccDNA and HBsAg levels compared with non‐responders. Patients with serum HBsAg decline of >1.0 log10 IU/ml during treatment archived VR and HBsAg clearance of 80% and 30%, respectively. In conclusion, serum HBsAg represented a better surrogate marker of intrahepatic cccDNA in patients with HBeAg‐positive CHB compared to those with HBeAg‐negative CHB. On‐treatment, HBsAg reduction of 1.0 log10 IU/mL was associated with a high probability of subsequent VR and HBsAg clearance in patients receiving PEG‐IFN therapy. J. Med. Virol. 89:130–138, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Different bone remodeling levels of trabecular and cortical bone in response to changes in Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in mice
Authors: Li Junfeng , Bao Quanwei , Chen Sixu , Liu Huayu , Feng Jianquan , Qin Hao , Li Ang , Liu Daocheng , Shen Yue , Zhao Yufeng , Zong Zhaowen
Published: June 2016

Trabecular bone and cortical bone have different bone remodeling levels, and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In the present study, the expression of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling and its downstream molecules along with bone mass in trabecular and cortical bone were compared in wild‐type mice, constitutive activation of β‐catenin (CA‐β‐catenin) mice and β‐catenin deletion mice. It was found that the expression level of most of the examined genes such as Wnt3a, β‐catenin, osteocalcin and RANKL/OPG ratio were significantly higher in trabecular bone than in cortical bone in wild‐type mice. CA‐β‐catenin resulted in up‐regulated expression of the above‐mentioned genes except for RANKL/OPG ratio, which were down‐regulated. Also, CA‐β‐catenin led to increased number of osteoblasts, decreased number of osteoclasts and increased bone mass in both the trabecular bone and cortical bone compared with wild‐type mice; however, the extent of changes was much greater in the trabecular bone than in the cortical bone. By contrast, null β‐catenin led to down‐regulated expression of the above‐mentioned genes except for RANKL/OPG ratio. Furthermore, β‐catenin deletion led to decreased number of osteoblasts, increased number of osteoclasts and decreased bone mass when compared with wild‐type mice. Again, the extent of these changes was more significant in trabecular bone than cortical bone. Taken together, we found that the expression level of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling and bone remodeling‐related molecules were different in cortical bone and trabecular bone, and the trabecular bone was more readily affected by changes in the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:812–819, 2017.
Application of a solid‐phase microextraction fiber coated with a graphene oxide‐poly(dimethylsiloxane) composite for the extraction of triazoles from water
Authors: Li Zhi , Ma Ruiyang , Zhang Guijiang , Zhang Shuaihua , Wang Chun , Wu Qiuhua , Wang Zhi
Published: June 2016

A solid‐phase microextraction fiber was prepared by mixing graphene oxide and hydroxyl‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane together and then coating the mixture on the surface of etched stainless‐steel wire by sol–gel technology. After aging by heating, the graphene oxide‐polydimethylsiloxane composite coated fiber was used for the direct solid phase microextraction of triazole fungicides from water samples. The properties of the graphene oxide‐polydimethylsiloxane coating were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. And the chemical stability of the coating was tested as well. Several important experimental parameters that could influence the extraction efficiency such as desorption temperature and time, extraction temperature and time, sample pH and stirring rate, were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection were in the range from 0.01 to 0.03 μg/L. The results indicated that the homemade fiber had the advantages of good thermal and chemical stability and high extraction efficiency, which was successfully applied to the analysis of triazoles in water samples.
Deep Brain Stimulation in Three Related Cases of North Sea Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy from South Africa
Authors: Anderson David G. , Németh Andrea H. , Fawcett Katherine A. , Sims David , Miller Jack , Krause Amanda
Published: June 2016

View Supplementary Video 1

View Supplementary Video 2

We report on a white Afrikaans family from eastern South Africa with three members affected with North Sea progressive myoclonus epilepsy, resulting from a homozygous founder GOSR2 mutation (c.430G>T, p.Gly144Trp). The mutation was identified by exomic sequencing in a research study investigating childhood onset ataxias. All three subjects presented with ataxia, tremor, early gait difficulties, and myoclonic and generalized tonic clonic (GTC) epilepsy. Each patient underwent deep brain stimulation of the caudal Zona Incerta before coming to the attention of the authors. In each case there was a reduction in GTC seizures, and two patients exhibited a reduction in involuntary movements, as evaluated during long‐term follow‐up. In one case there was an improvement in gait and stance when assessed while the stimulation was on.
Affective Correlates of Psychosis in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Factor Stewart A. , Scullin Michael K. , Freeman Alan , Bliwise Donald L. , McDonald William M. , Goldstein Felicia C.
Published: June 2016

Background

In Parkinson's disease (PD), psychosis and affective disorders are common and independently impact quality of life and mortality. Both depression and psychosis are correlated with the occurrence of cognitive dysfunction, suggesting that they may share neurobiological substrates. Anxiety has not been examined as a correlate of psychosis. The objective of this study was to examine the nature of the association between affective disorders and psychosis in patients with PD.

Methods

One hundred forty‐four patients with PD were evaluated using the Schedule for Assessment of Positive Symptoms to assess psychotic features, while depression and anxiety were examined using the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (SCID) and 2 self‐assessment scales: the Beck Depression Inventory II and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Correlational analyses assessed associations between hallucinations and delusions with depression and anxiety.

Results

A diagnosis of anxiety (SCID) was significantly associated (P = 0.015) with hallucinations (odds ratio [OR], 4.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36–16.99). The severity of anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory) significantly predicted (P = 0.03) the presence of hallucinations (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01–1.15) and delusions (OR, 1.09, confidence region, 1.01–1.17). Current depression (SCID) was significantly associated (P = 0.001) with the presence of hallucinations (OR, 6.12; 95% CI, 2.04–18.39) and delusions (OR, 7.14; 95% CI, 2.23–22.93). Multiple linear regressions revealed that severity of anxiety remained an independent predictor (P < 0.05) of both the number of types of hallucinations (t = 3.06; P = 0.003) and delusions (t = 2.87; P = 0.005). Severity of depression was a significant predictor of the total number of delusions (t = 2.28; P = 0.024).

Conclusions

This study demonstrates an association between depression and psychosis and, for the first time, an association between anxiety and psychosis. These associations may have implications for the pathophysiology and treatment of psychosis in patients with PD.
Thermo‐visco‐elasticity for Norton‐Hoff‐type models with Cosserat effects
Authors: Klawe Filip Z. , Owczarek Sebastian
Published: June 2016

We consider the quasi‐static evolution of thermo‐visco‐elastic material. The main goal of this paper is to present how taking into account the additional effects may improve the result of solutions' existence. We added a micropolarity effect to thermo‐visco‐elastic model regarding Norton‐Hoff‐type constitutive function. This additional phenomenon improves the regularity of solution. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carleman estimate for Biot consolidation system in poro‐elasticity and application to inverse problems
Authors: Bellassoued Mourad , Riahi Bochra
Published: June 2016

In this paper, we consider a coupled system of mixed hyperbolic–parabolic type, which describes the Biot consolidation model in poro‐elasticity. We establish a local Carleman estimate for Biot consolidation system. Using this estimate, we prove the uniqueness and a Hölder stability in determining on the one hand a physical parameter arising in connection with secondary consolidation effects λ∗ and on the other hand the two spatially varying densities by a single measurement of solution over ω × (0,T), where T > 0 is a sufficiently large time and a suitable subdomain ω satisfying ∂ω⊃∂Ω. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On harmonic analysis of vector‐valued signals
Authors: Sangwine Stephen J.
Published: June 2016

A vector‐valued signal in N dimensions is a signal whose value at any time instant is an N‐dimensional vector, that is, an element of
. The sum of an arbitrary number of such signals of the same frequency is shown to trace an ellipse in N‐dimensional space, that is, to be confined to a plane. The parameters of the ellipse (major and minor axes, represented by N‐dimensional vectors; and phase) are obtained algebraically in terms of the directions of oscillation of the constituent signals, and their phases. It is shown that the major axis of the ellipse can always be determined algebraically. That is, a vector, whose value can be computed algebraically (without decisions or comparisons of magnitude) from parameters of the constituent signals, always represents the major axis of the ellipse. The ramifications of this result for the processing and Fourier analysis of signals with vector values or samples are discussed, with reference to the definition of Fourier transforms, particularly discrete Fourier transforms, such as have been defined in several hypercomplex algebras, including Clifford algebras. The treatment in the paper, however, is entirely based on signals with values in
. Although the paper is written in terms of vector signals (which are taken to include images and volumetric images), the analysis clearly also applies to a superposition of simple harmonic motions in N dimensions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The population‐level impact of HBV and its vaccination on HIV transmission dynamics
Authors: Ding Pei , Qiu Zhipeng , Li Xuezhi
Published: June 2016

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and its vaccination strategy may affect human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission dynamics because both viruses have synergistic effects. To quantitatively assess the potential impact of HBV and its vaccination strategy on HIV transmission dynamics at the population level, in this paper, we formulate a deterministic compartmental model that describes the joint dynamics of HBV and HIV. We first derive the explicit expressions for the basic reproduction numbers of HIV and HBV and analyze the dynamics of HIV and HBV subsystems, respectively. Then a systematic qualitative analysis of the full system is also provided, which includes the local and global behavior. By using a set of reasonable parameter values, the full system is numerically investigated to assess the potential impact of HBV and its vaccination strategy on HIV transmission. The direct and indirect population level impact of HBV on HIV is demonstrated by calculating the fraction of HIV infections attributable to HBV and the difference between HIV prevalence in the presence and absence of HBV, respectively. The findings imply that the increase of HBV vaccination rate may unusually accelerate HIV epidemics indirectly, although the direct effect of HBV on HIV transmission decreases as HBV vaccination rate increases. Finally, the potential impact of HIV on HBV transmission dynamics is investigated by way of parenthesis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the linearization of identifying the stored energy function of a hyperelastic material from full knowledge of the displacement field
Authors: Seydel J. , Schuster T.
Published: June 2016

We compute a local linearization for the nonlinear, inverse problem of identifying the stored energy function of a hyperelastic material from the full knowledge of the displacement field. The displacement field is described as a solution of the nonlinear, dynamic, elastic wave equation, where the first Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensor is given as the gradient of the stored energy function. We assume that we have a dictionary at hand such that the energy function is given as a conic combination of the dictionary's elements. In that sense, the mathematical model of the direct problem is the nonlinear operator that maps the vector of expansion coefficients to the solution of the hyperelastic wave equation. In this article, we summarize some continuity results for this operator and deduce its Fréchet derivative as well as the adjoint of this derivative. Because the stored energy function encodes mechanical properties of the underlying, hyperelastic material, the considered inverse problem is of highest interest for structural health monitoring systems where defects are detected from boundary measurements of the displacement field. For solving the inverse problem iteratively by the Landweber method or Newton‐type methods, the knowledge of the Fréchet derivative and its adjoint is of utmost importance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the Difference equation
Authors: El‐Dessoky Mohamed M.
Published: June 2016

The main objective of this paper was to study the global stability of the positive solutions and the periodic character of the difference equation

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma3980:mma3980-math-0002
where the parameters a, b, c, d, and e are positive real numbers and the initial conditions x−t,x−t + 1,...,x−1, x0 are positive real numbers where t = max{l,k,s}. Some numerical examples will be given to explicate our results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stability, periodicity, and symmetries of certain second‐order fractional difference equation with quadratic terms via KAM theory
Authors: Garić‐Demirović Mirela , Nurkanović M. , Nurkanović Z.
Published: June 2016

By using the Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser theory, we investigate the stability of the equilibrium solution of the difference equation

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma4000:mma4000-math-0001
where A,B,D > 0,u−1,u0>0. We also use the symmetries to find effectively the periodic solutions with feasible periods. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stability of a general delay‐distributed virus dynamics model with multi‐staged infected progression and immune response
Authors: Elaiw A. M. , AlShamrani N. H.
Published: June 2016

In this paper, we formulate a (n + 3)‐dimensional nonlinear virus dynamics model that considers n‐stages of the infected cells and n + 1 distributed time delays. The model incorporates humoral immune response and general nonlinear forms for the incidence rate of infection, the generation and removal rates of the cells and viruses. Under a set of conditions on the general functions, the basic infection reproduction number
and the humoral immune response activation number
are derived. Utilizing Lyapunov functionals and LaSalle's invariance principle, the global asymptotic stability of all steady states of the model are proven. Numerical simulations are carried out to confirm the theoretical results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Positive solutions for a nonlocal problem with a convection term and small perturbations
Authors: Liu Jiayin , Wang Li , Zhao Peihao
Published: June 2016

This paper is concerned with the existence of positive solutions to a class of nonlocal boundary value problem of the p‐Kirchhoff type
where
is a bounded smooth domain and M,f, and g are continuous functions. The existence of a positive solution is stated through an iterative method based on mountain pass theorem. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal potential energy growth lower bounds for minimizing solutions to the vectorial Allen–Cahn equation in two space dimensions
Authors: Sourdis Christos
Published: June 2016

We prove optimal lower bounds for the growth of the potential energy over balls of minimizers to the vectorial Allen–Cahn energy in two spatial dimensions, as the radius tends to infinity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The MATCH cohort study in the Netherlands: rationale, objectives, methods and baseline characteristics of patients with (long‐term) common mental disorders
Authors: Koekkoek Bauke , Manders Willeke , Tendolkar Indira , Hutschemaekers Giel , Tiemens Bea
Published: June 2016

Research in the last decades shows that common mental disorders may be long‐term and severely disabling, resulting in severe mental illness (SMI). The percentage of Dutch SMI‐patients with common mental disorders receiving mental health services is estimated at 65–70%. However, it is unclear which patients in fact become SMI‐patients. We need to know more about the possible course of common mental disorders, understand the origins of chronicity in more detail, and have more insight in related care processes and care use of patients with common mental disorders.

The MATCH cohort study is a four‐year multicentre naturalistic cohort study, with yearly assessments in primary, secondary, and tertiary services in three large Dutch mental health services. Socio‐demographics, mental disorders, course and severity of psychopathology, physiological health indicators, neurocognitive functioning, past and present life events, health care use and contact with mental health services, social functioning and quality of life, and recovery and well‐being are assessed.

Baseline findings of 283 participating individuals and their key clinicians are described. The sample appears to appropriately represent the distribution of individuals across diagnostic categories in services, and level of care (outpatient, day treatment, inpatient) in the Netherlands and other developed nations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
H‐LCFST: a hash lowest cost first search tree for flexible packet classification
Authors: Huang Xiaohong , Sun Qiong , Ma Maode , Ma Yan
Published: June 2016

Packet classification (PC) categorizes incoming packets into multiple forwarding classes in a router based on predefined filters. It is one of the most important enabling technologies for next generation network services, for example, firewall, quality of service routing, load balancing, and virtual private network. IPv6 technology has posed a great challenge on the wire‐speed router for the PC because of its longer IP addresses. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm to support both IPv4 and IPv6, called hash lowest cost first search tree (H‐LCFST) for the PC. The H‐LCFST combines the advantages of the hash tree and a novel LCFST to achieve a better lookup performance. More important, the H‐LCFST algorithm is able to utilize the features of distinct IPv4 and IPv6 classifiers and design corresponding data structure for different characteristics of the classifiers, with which it is able to avoid the performance degrade because of the longer address of the IPv6. The experiment results show that our proposed algorithm has only approximately seven times of memory accesses for the IPv4/IPv6 PC, which make it to be the fastest PC solutions so far. Moreover, it occupies extremely small memory and supports incremental update at the same time. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tell us about it: What else can an online education do?
Authors: Talarico Donna
Published: June 2016

Many online degree seekers are in it for the flexibility — the ability to work independently on their own time. However, we shouldn't overlook the fact that many adult learners, even those logging in from afar, may also wish to feel a part of a learning community, to have some of the same benefits as on‐campus students.
Students Speak/Resources
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: June 2016

Students Speak

Veteran moves from combat to artistic expression

Resources

Report outlines transfer success strategies

Devices in class may hinder student learning
Influence of γ‐ray irradiation on structure and properties of PAN precursor fibers
Authors: Liu Shuping , Liu Rangtong , Han Keqing , Liu Hua , Yu Muhuo
Published: June 2016

To improve the oxidative efficiency of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursors, modification of PAN precursors was employed by gamma ray irradiation. Effects of irradiation on the structure and properties of PAN precursors were investigated. The results showed that cyclized structure in the precursors was formed after γ‐ray irradiation. Meanwhile, irradiation could reduce the heat evolved, relax the exothermic behavior, decrease the mechanical properties and enhance the density of PAN fibers. It is supposed that the modification of γ‐ray irradiation could remarkably accelerate the stabilization process of PAN precursors and reduce the production cost of resulting carbon fibers. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 56:1313–1318, 2016. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
The quantum ferromagnetic transition in a clean Kondo lattice is discontinuous
Authors: Kirkpatrick T. R. , Belitz D.
Published: June 2016

The Kondo‐lattice model, which couples a lattice of localized magnetic moments to conduction electrons, is often used to describe heavy‐fermion systems. Because of the interplay between Kondo physics and magnetic order it displays very complex behavior and is notoriously hard to solve. The ferromagnetic Kondo‐lattice model, with a ferromagnetic coupling between the local moments, describes a phase transition from a paramagnetic phase to a ferromagnetic one as a function of either temperature or the ferromagnetic local‐moment coupling. At zero temperature, this is a quantum phase transition that has received considerable attention. It has been theoretically described to be continuous, or second order. Here we show that this belief is mistaken; in the absence of quenched disorder the quantum phase transition is first order, in agreement with experiments, as is the corresponding transition in other metallic ferromagnets.
Hydrophobic/lipophilic nanodiamond particles fabricated by surface modification with 1‐octadecene
Authors: Ito Ayaka , Kondo Takeshi , Aikawa Tatsuo , Yuasa Makoto
Published: June 2016

The surface of nanodiamond (ND) particles was modified with 1‐octadecene via a simple thermal reaction to obtain octadecyl‐modified ND. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis results indicated that octadecyl groups were successfully introduced onto the ND surface. The amount of the octadecyl groups on the ND surface was observed to increase with increasing reaction time and to eventually saturate. A bead‐milling process, which enabled disaggregation of NDs in 1‐octadecene, was observed to increase the amount of octadecyl groups adsorbed onto the ND surface. The estimated surface coverage was as high as 2.2 × 1014 molecules cm−2, which corresponds to submonolayer level. Dispersion tests revealed that the octadecyl‐modified ND particles exhibit hydrophobic/lipophilic character, whereas the oxidized ND (before surface modification with 1‐octadecene) exhibited good dispersibility in water. Particle size distribution analysis by dynamic light scattering revealed that the particle size of the octadecyl‐modified ND in chloroform, a non‐polar solvent, was ca. 20 nm. Thus, the present method should be useful for fabricating NDs that can be dispersed in non‐polar organic solvents and should facilitate the expansion of the application fields of ND.
Enhanced optical transparency of films formed from sorted metallic or semiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotubes filled with CuCl
Authors: Fedotov Pavel V. , Eremina Valentina A. , Tonkikh Alexander A. , Chernov Alexander I. , Obraztsova Elena D.
Published: June 2016

Metallic and semiconducting fractions of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) sorted by an aqueous two‐phase extraction technique and integrated into thin films were used to produce CuCl@SWCNT hybrid material via a gas phase filling the nanotubes with CuCl. As a result of doping, the SWCNTs in the hybrid material possess a higher optical transparency than the pristine ones. The hybrid material properties strongly depend on the metallic/semiconducting tube ratio in a pristine material. In this work, with UV‐vis‐NIR optical absorption and Raman techniques we show that upon filling with CuCl the solely metallic nanotubes provide much higher doping efficiency than the solely semiconducting SWCNTs. The CuCl@SWCNT hybrid material based on sorted nanotubes is more competitive as a transparent conductive material for the future photovoltaics.

A schematic view of electron transfer between CuCl@s‐SWCNT and CuCl@m‐SWCNT within a bundle of CuCl@SWCNT.
A new time‐dependent density‐functional method for molecular plasmonics: Formalism, implementation, and the Au144(SH)60 case study
Authors: Baseggio Oscar , De Vetta Martina , Fronzoni Giovanna , Stener Mauro , Fortunelli Alessandro
Published: June 2016

We describe the implementation and application of a recently developed time‐dependent density‐functional theory (TDDFT) algorithm based on the complex dynamical polarizability to calculate the photoabsorption spectrum of large metal clusters, with specific attention to the field of molecular plasmonics. The linear response TDDFT equations are solved in the space of the density fitting functions, so the problem is recast as an inhomogeneous system of linear equations whose resolution needs a numerical effort comparable to that of a SCF procedure. The construction of the matrix representation of the dielectric susceptibility is very efficient and is based on the discretization of the excitation energy, so such matrix is easily obtained at each photon energy value as a linear combination of constant matrix and energy‐dependent coefficients. The code is interfaced to the Amsterdam Density Functional (ADF) program and is fully parallelized with standard message passing interface. Finally, an illustrative application of the method to the photoabsorption of the Au144(SH)60 cluster is presented. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Endoscopic bronchial occlusion with silicone spigots under virtual bronchoscopic navigation
Authors: Hayama Manabu , Sato Shingo , Shiroyama Takayuki , Nishida Takuji , Nishihara Takashi , Okamoto Norio
Published: June 2016

A 68‐year‐old woman with interstitial lung disease related to dermatomyositis and systemic scleroderma was admitted to our hospital with fever and dyspnoea. Although the fever was reduced after antibiotic therapy, a left pneumothorax suddenly occurred on day 27 after admission. A continuous air leak persisted despite chest drainage with three tubes and repeated pleurodesis. Chest computed tomography (CT) images showed a cavitary lesion with a pinhole in the left upper division, which was suspected to be the affected lesion with the air leak. Virtual bronchoscopic navigation images were constructed from CT data. Bronchial occlusion with Endobronchial Watanabe Spigots (EWSs) was performed on day 52. Two medium‐sized EWSs were inserted into the left B1 + 2a and B1 + 2b, and the air leak stopped immediately. No procedure‐related adverse events occurred. All three chest tubes were successfully removed by day 60. This case demonstrates that virtual bronchoscopic navigation can improve bronchial occlusion procedures using EWSs.
Grafting–through Strategy in Emulsion: An Eco–friendly and Effective Route for the Synthesis of Graft Copolymers
Authors: Li Hui , Li Chunmei , Tan Jiaojun , Yin Dezhong , Song Lixun , Zhang Baoliang , Zhang Hepeng , Zhang Qiuyu
Published: June 2016

Brush‐like and centipede multigraft copolymers of poly(n‐butyl acrylate)–g–poly(styrene) were synthesized via seeded emulsion polymerization under 1,1‐diphenylethylene (DPE) and miniemulsion polymerization. Single‐tailed and double‐tailed poly(styrene) macromonomers were prepared by DPE‐technique in emulsion and Steglich esterification. Then poly(n‐butyl acrylate)–g–poly(styrene) multigraft copolymers were obtained by miniemulsion copolymerization. The molecular characteristics of poly(styrene) macromonomers and poly(n‐butyl acrylate)–g–poly(styrene) have been characterized by gel permeation chromatography. The weight content of poly(styrene) and the number of branch points in brush‐like and centipede multigraft copolymers were calculated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance, and the maximum number of branch points is 47. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis and morphological observations by atomic force microscopy confirmed microphase separation in poly(n‐butyl acrylate)–g–poly(styrene). Tensile properties showed that brush‐like and centipede multigraft copolymers had characteristics of TPEs when the weight content of poly(styrene) in poly(n‐butyl acrylate)–g–poly(styrene) was 23 %∼37 %. And centipede multigraft copolymers showed better elastic properties than brush‐like multigraft copolymers, which was in line with our previous work.
Effect of natural weather aging on the properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)/starch/graphene nanocomposite
Authors: Bin‐Dahman Osamah A. , Jose Jobin , Al‐Harthi Mamdouh A.
Published: June 2016

Degradation has a significant impact on the crystallinity of biodegradable polymers. This work was undertaken to investigate the degradation of a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/starch blend and its nanocomposites with graphene under natural weathering conditions in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. Changes in crystallinity, mechanical properties, molecular structure, and morphology of the nanocomposites during the aging period have been observed and inferred. The thermal and spectroscopic results demonstrated the dissolution of the amorphous phase during early stages of exposure followed by the deterioration of the crystalline phase in later stages. Morphological micrographs showed that the surface of the nanocomposites had fewer defects compared to the PVA/starch blend. PVA/starch/graphene nanocomposites showed a remarkable retention in total crystallinity compared to the PVA/starch blend during the aging period. The incorporation of graphene into the PVA/starch blend made both the polymers less vulnerable to environmental degradation, and these nanocomposites could therefore be suitable as packaging films for use in outdoor applications.
The GAENE—Generalized Acceptance of EvolutioN Evaluation: Development of a new measure of evolution acceptance
Authors: Smith Mike U. , Snyder Scott W. , Devereaux Randolph S.
Published: June 2016

The present study reports the development of a brief, quantitative, web‐based, psychometrically sound measure—the Generalized Acceptance of EvolutioN Evaluation (GAENE, pronounced “gene”) in a format that is useful in large and small groups, in research, and in classroom settings. The measure was designed to measure only evolution acceptance—not related knowledge or religious beliefs. Item development was based on extensive student interviews and pretesting followed by multiple rounds of qualitative review and quantitative validity testing based on expert review (Lawshe, 1975) and multiple rounds of item revision, then by reliability testing of over 600 high school (HS) and post‐secondary (PS) students (Study 1, GAENE 1.0). Data analysis strongly supported the reliability and validity of GAENE 1.0, principal components analysis supported a two‐factor solution. All the negatively worded items (and only those items) loaded on the second factor. Rasch analysis also suggested the need for items that would be endorsed at the lower end of the person‐item scale. The negatively worded items were, therefore, reworded as positives, additional items were generated to attract wider endorsement, two additional rounds of qualitative and quantitative expert validation were conducted, and reliability testing was repeated with over 600 HS and PS students (Study 2, GAENE 2.0). Both reliability and validity indices of GAENE 2.0 were strong (Lawshe content validity index = 0.72; Cronbach's alphaHS = 0.940; Cronbach's alphaPS = 0.948; Cronbach's alphacombined = 0.945). Principal components analysis suggests that GAENE 2.0 measures a single factor. Together with Rasch analysis results, these data provide substantial initial evidence to support the validity and psychometric integrity of the GAENE as a measure of the degree to which high school and college students accept the theory of evolution. The rigorous development process can also serve as a model for others interested in measure development. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 53: 1289–1315, 2016
A longitudinal analysis of the extent and manner of representations of nature of science in U.S. high school biology and physics textbooks
Authors: Abd‐El‐Khalick Fouad , Myers John Y. , Summers Ryan , Brunner Jeanne , Waight Noemi , Wahbeh Nader , Zeineddin Ava A. , Belarmino Jeremy
Published: June 2016

This study assessed the (i) ways in which, and extent to which, several aspects of nature of science (NOS) are represented in high school biology and physics textbooks in the United States (U.S.); (ii) extent to which these representations have changed over the course of several decades; and (iii) relative impact of discipline, and textbook publishers versus authors on the observed patterns. NOS aspects included the empirical, tentative, inferential, creative, theory‐laden, and social NOS; myth of “The Scientific Method”; nature of theories and laws; and social and cultural embeddedness of science. The sample included 34 (16 biology and 18 physics) textbooks, which commanded significant shares of the U.S. science textbook market. Textbooks were selected from seven “connected series” (three in biology and four in physics), which spanned 1–5 decades, with five series spanning, at least, 3 decades. Textbooks were scored for the accuracy and manner in which, as well as the extent (in textbook pages) to which, the target NOS aspects were represented. Analyses indicated that, on average, only less than 2.5% of the analyzed textbook pages were dedicated to addressing NOS constructs. Overall, representations of NOS in the textbooks did not differ by content area, were discernibly less than favorable, and did not improve substantially over the past several decades. These trends are incommensurate with the emphasis placed in U.S. reform efforts on helping precollege students develop informed NOS conceptions. Finally, the data strongly suggested that textbook authors have a relatively greater impact on the observed patterns when compared to textbook publishers. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 54: 82–120, 2017
Build, grow, cultivate effective work groups
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: June 2016

ST. PETERSBURG BEACH, FLA. — To successfully manage registrar responsibilities in a changing environment, you'll need to cultivate high‐functioning work teams that communicate a shared vision.
Cover Image, Volume 3, Issue 4
Authors: Ormerod Kerri Jean
Published: June 2016

The cover image, by Kerri Jean Ormerod, is based on the Advanced Review Illuminating elimination: public perception and the production of potable water reuse, DOI: 10.1002/wat2.1149.

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