bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sidewall-angle dependent mold filling of three-dimensional microcavities in thermal nanoimprint lithography
Authors: Schift Helmut , Altana Mirco , Schleunitz Arne
Published: October 2012

Nanoimprint stamp cavities with vertical and sloped sidewalls show different filling behaviors during thermal nanoimprinting resulting from the varying ability of the viscous polymer to wet the surface during the thermal imprint step. In this paper, the authors describe the formation of prefill states already in the pressure-less contact phase, before squeeze flow begins to fill the cavities. These stable states are created by a constant contact angle formed at the sidewall, and the states themselves generate surface topographies in the resist below the imprint cavities which are dependent upon the surface energy, the geometry of the stamp cavities, and the resist thickness. Therefore, prefilling topographies, formed once a stamp is in contact with a liquid polymer surface and resulting in a transformation of the resist layer with homogeneous thickness into a thickness modulated film, have to be considered as the standard case in molding. Furthermore, due to the local balance of material pinning and wetting mechanisms, cavities preferentially fill from the sloped sidewall and, therefore, this observed phenomenon is highly relevant for the defect-free replication of 3-D surface topographies.
Crystal AlN deposited at low temperature by magnetic field enhanced plasma assisted atomic layer deposition
Authors: Lei Wenwen , Chen Qiang
Published: October 2012

In this paper, AlN films prepared at low temperature by magnetic field enhanced plasma assisted atomic layer deposition (PA-ALD) using trimethyl aluminum and the mixture gas of nitrogen and hydrogen were investigated. Two discharge modes were employed for PA-ALD AlN, i.e., radio-frequency (RF) discharge mode and microwave electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) mode. The structure of the film, compositions, crystallinity, surface roughness, and properties of refractive index as well as photoluminescence were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscope, x-ray photoelectron spectroscope, x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscope, spectroscopic ellipsometry, and photoluminescence spectrometer, respectively. Comparison of the as-deposited films prepared in two discharge modes, the authors result that temperature played an important role in in ECR mode, AlN films deposited in ECR mode at 250 °C is crystalline except a little bit of aluminum rich with the contamination of carbon and oxygen; whereas in RF discharge mode, the direct interaction of plasma, the all process parameters affect the properties of the AlN films, like the strength of magnetic field, deposition temperature. The intense emission band measured through photoluminescence spectrum of the as-deposited AlN suggests that there may be potential applications in electronic and optoelectronic nanodevices.
Draft Genome Sequence of CBS 2479, the Standard Type Strain of Trichosporon asahii
Authors: Yang Rong Ya , Li Hai Tao , Zhu He , Zhou Guang Peng , Wang Meng , Wang Lei
Published: October 2012

Trichosporon asahii
is one of the important opportunistic pathogenic fungi. Here, we first report the draft nuclear chromosome genome sequence and mitochondrial genome sequence of
T. asahii
CBS 2479, which is a standard strain of
T. asahii
that was isolated from a progressive psoriatic lesion. COG analysis predicted that 3,131 genes were assigned to 23 functional categories and that 628 genes were predicted to have a general function.
Complete Mitochondrial and Plastid Genomes of the Green Microalga Trebouxiophyceae sp. Strain MX-AZ01 Isolated from a Highly Acidic Geothermal Lake
Authors: Servín-Garcidueñas Luis E. , Martínez-Romero Esperanza
Published: October 2012

We report the complete organelle genome sequences of
Trebouxiophyceae
sp. strain MX-AZ01, an acidophilic green microalga isolated from a geothermal field in Mexico. This eukaryote has the remarkable ability to thrive in a particular shallow lake with emerging hot springs at the bottom, extremely low pH, and toxic heavy metal concentrations.
Trebouxiophyceae
sp. MX-AZ01 represents one of few described photosynthetic eukaryotes living in such a hostile environment. The organelle genomes of
Trebouxiophyceae
sp. MX-AZ01 are remarkable. The plastid genome sequence currently presents the highest G+C content for a trebouxiophyte. The mitochondrial genome sequence is the largest reported to date for the
Trebouxiophyceae
class of green algae. The analysis of the genome sequences presented here provides insight into the evolution of organelle genomes of trebouxiophytes and green algae.
Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus aureus Newbould 305, a Strain Associated with Mild Bovine Mastitis
Authors: Bouchard Damien , Peton Vincent , Almeida Sintia , Le Maréchal Caroline , Miyoshi Anderson , Azevedo Vasco , Berkova Nadia , Rault Lucie , François Patrice , Schrenzel Jacques , Even Sergine , Hernandez David , Le Loir Yves
Published: October 2012

Staphylococcus aureus
is a major etiological agent of mastitis in ruminants. We report here the genome sequence of bovine strain Newbould 305, isolated in the 1950s in a case of bovine mastitis and now used as a model strain able to reproducibly induce chronic mastitis in cows.
Draft Genome Sequence of Virgibacillus halodenitrificans 1806
Authors: Lee Sang-Jae , Lee Yong-Jik , Jeong Haeyoung , Lee Sang Jun , Lee Han-Seung , Pan Jae-Gu , Kim Byoung-Chan , Lee Dong-Woo
Published: October 2012

Virgibacillus halodenitrificans
1806 is an endospore-forming halophilic bacterium isolated from salterns in Korea. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
V. halodenitrificans
1806, which may reveal the molecular basis of osmoadaptation and insights into carbon and anaerobic metabolism in moderate halophiles.
Genome Sequence of the Thermophile Bacillus coagulans Hammer, the Type Strain of the Species
Authors: Su Fei , Tao Fei , Tang Hongzhi , Xu Ping
Published: October 2012

Here we announce a 3.0-Mb assembly of the
Bacillus coagulans
Hammer strain, which is the type strain of the species within the genus
Bacillus
. Genomic analyses based on the sequence may provide insights into the phylogeny of the species and help to elucidate characteristics of the poorly studied strains of
Bacillus coagulans
.
Complete Genome Sequences of Desulfosporosinus orientis DSM765T, Desulfosporosinus youngiae DSM17734T, Desulfosporosinus meridiei DSM13257T, and Desulfosporosinus acidiphilus DSM22704T
Authors: Pester Michael , Brambilla Evelyne , Alazard Didier , Rattei Thomas , Weinmaier Thomas , Han James , Lucas Susan , Lapidus Alla , Cheng Jan-Fang , Goodwin Lynne , Pitluck Sam , Peters Lin , Ovchinnikova Galina , Teshima Hazuki , Detter John C. , Han Cliff S. , Tapia Roxanne , Land Miriam L. , Hauser Loren , Kyrpides Nikos C. , Ivanova Natalia N. , Pagani Ioanna , Huntmann Marcel , Wei Chia-Lin , Davenport Karen W. , Daligault Hajnalka , Chain Patrick S. G. , Chen Amy , Mavromatis Konstantinos , Markowitz Victor , Szeto Ernest , Mikhailova Natalia , Pati Amrita , Wagner Michael , Woyke Tanja , Ollivier Bernard , Klenk Hans-Peter , Spring Stefan , Loy Alexander
Published: October 2012

Desulfosporosinusspecies are sulfate-reducing bacteria belonging to theFirmicutes. Their genomes will give insights into the genetic repertoire and evolution of sulfate reducers typically thriving in terrestrial environments and able to degrade toluene (Desulfosporosinus youngiae), to reduce Fe(III) (Desulfosporosinus meridiei,Desulfosporosinus orientis), and to grow under acidic conditions (Desulfosporosinus acidiphilus).
Complete Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium fortuitum subsp. fortuitum Type Strain DSM46621
Authors: Ho Yung S. , Adroub Sabir A. , Aleisa Fajr , Mahmood Hanan , Othoum Ghofran , Rashid Fahad , Zaher Manal , Ali Shahjahan , Bitter Wilbert , Pain Arnab , Abdallah Abdallah M.
Published: October 2012

Mycobacterium fortuitum
is a member of the rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). It is ubiquitous in water and soil habitats, including hospital environments.
M. fortuitum
is increasingly recognized as an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen causing disseminated infection. Here we report the genome sequence of
M. fortuitum
subsp.
fortuitum
type strain DSM46621.
Complete Genome Sequence of Bacillus subtilis Strain QB928, a Strain Widely Used in B. subtilis Genetic Studies
Authors: Yu Chi-Shing , Yim Kay-Yuen , Tsui Stephen Kwok-Wing , Chan Ting-Fung
Published: October 2012

The complete genome sequence of
Bacillus subtilis
strain QB928 was constructed to facilitate studies in the evolution of the genetic code. With a widespread use of the strain in
Bacillus subtilis
genetics studies, its complete genome sequence would facilitate deeper understanding of
Bacillus subtilis
genetics.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Nonhemolytic Fish-Pathogenic Streptococcus agalactiae Strain
Authors: Delannoy Christian M. J. , Zadoks Ruth N. , Lainson Frederick A. , Ferguson Hugh W. , Crumlish Margaret , Turnbull James F. , Fontaine Michael C.
Published: October 2012

Streptococcus agalactiae
is a significant Gram-positive bacterial pathogen of terrestrial and aquatic animals. A subpopulation of nonhemolytic strains which appear to be pathogenic only for poikilotherms exists. We report here the first draft genome sequence of a nonhemolytic
S. agalactiae
isolate recovered from a diseased fish.
Genome Sequence of the Swine Pathogen Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 Strain S735
Authors: Boyle Brian , Vaillancourt Katy , Bonifait Laetitia , Charette Steve J. , Gottschalk Marcelo , Grenier Daniel
Published: October 2012

Streptococcus suis
is a major swine pathogen responsible for significant, worldwide economic losses in the swine industry, in addition to being an emerging zoonotic agent. Strains of serotype 2 are the most commonly associated with infections causing meningitis, endocarditis, and septicemia. Here we present the genome sequence of
S. suis
serotype 2 strain S735.
Whole-Genome Sequence of
N
-Acylhomoserine Lactone-Synthesizing and -Degrading Acinetobacter sp. Strain GG2
Authors: Hong Kar-Wai , Koh Chong-Lek , Sam Choon-Kook , Yin Wai-Fong , Chan Kok-Gan
Published: October 2012

Acinetobacter
sp. strain GG2 is a quorum-sensing and quorum-quenching bacterium isolated from the ginger rhizosphere. It degrades a broad range of
N
-acylhomoserine lactone molecules via lactonase. The genome sequence of strain GG2 may provide insights on the regulation of quorum-sensing and quorum-quenching mechanisms in this bacterium.
Genome Sequence of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum Strain PCC21, a Pathogen Causing Soft Rot in Chinese Cabbage
Authors: Park Tae-Ho , Choi Beom-Soon , Choi Ah-Young , Choi Ik-Young , Heu Sunggi , Park Beom-Seok
Published: October 2012

Pectobacterium carotovorum
is a plant-pathogenic enterobacterium responsible for soft rot in various commercially important plants. Here we report the complete genome sequence and automatic annotation of strain PCC21.
Draft Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium ST1660/06, a Multidrug-Resistant Clinical Strain Isolated from a Diarrheic Patient
Authors: Li Lei , Cheng Chi Keung , Cheung Man Kit , Law Patrick Tik Wan , Ling Julia Mei Lun , Kam Kai Man , Cheung William Man Wai , Kwan Hoi Shan
Published: October 2012

Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium is one of the most prevalent serovars of
Salmonella
that causes human gastroenteritis. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of the
S
. Typhimurium multidrug-resistant strain ST1660/06. Comparative genomic analysis unveiled three strain-specific genomic islands that potentially confer the multidrug resistance and virulence of the strain.
Genome Sequence of Dyella japonica Strain A8, a Quorum-Quenching Bacterium That Degrades
N
-Acylhomoserine Lactones, Isolated from Malaysian Tropical Soil
Authors: Chen Jian-Woon , Chan Kok-Gan
Published: October 2012

Dyella japonica
strain A8 is a Malaysian tropical soil bacterial strain which shows
N
-acylhomoserine lactone-degrading activity. Here, we present its draft genome sequence. A putative quorum-quenching gene was identified based on the genome sequence analysis of strain A8. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first genome announcement of a member from the genus of
Dyella
, and this is also the first work that reports the quorum-quenching activity of
Dyella japonica
.
Draft Genome Sequence of an Aeromonas sp. Strain 159 Clinical Isolate That Shows Quorum-Sensing Activity
Authors: Chan Xin Yue , Chua Kek Heng , Puthucheary Savithri D. , Yin Wai-Fong , Chan Kok-Gan
Published: October 2012

Aeromonas
is a pathogenic organism that is often found to infect humans. Here we report the draft genome of a clinical isolate in Malaysia,
Aeromonas
sp. strain 159, which shows
N
-acylhomoserine lactone production. In the draft genome of strain 159,
luxI
and
luxR
homologue genes were found to be located at contig 47, and these genes are believed to be important for the quorum-sensing system present in this pathogen.
Genome Sequence of the Halotolerant Staphylococcus sp. Strain OJ82, Isolated from Korean Traditional Salt-Fermented Seafood
Authors: Sung Jung-Suk , Chun Jongsik , Choi Sungjong , Park Woojun
Published: October 2012

Staphylococcus
sp. strain OJ82 was isolated from a Korean traditional fermented squid seafood, ojingeo-jeotgal.
Staphylococcus
sp. OJ82 could grow and show extracellular protease and β-galactosidase activities in the presence of extremely high saline (20%). Here, we report the genome sequence of
Staphylococcus
sp. OJ82.
Genome Sequence of Paenibacillus alvei DSM 29, a Secondary Invader during European Foulbrood Outbreaks
Authors: Djukic Marvin , Becker Dominik , Poehlein Anja , Voget Sonja , Daniel Rolf
Published: October 2012

Paenibacillus alvei
is known as a secondary invader during European foulbrood of honeybees. Here, we announce the 6.83-Mb draft genome sequence of
P. alvei
type strain DSM 29. Putative genes encoding an antimicrobial peptide, a binary toxin, a mosquitocidal toxin, alveolysin, and different polyketides and nonribosomal peptides were identified.
Disseminated cryptococcosis in an HIV-positive boy
Authors: Friedman Deanna , Kongthavonsakul Kritsana , Oberdorfer Peninnah
Published: October 2012

Cryptococcosis is rare among children, only occurring in about 1% of children with HIV. We report the case of a 12-year-old boy with disseminated cryptococcosis. He had a history of recurrent pneumonia. He then developed meningeal symptoms and was found to have disseminatedCryptococcus neoformansby cerebrospinal fluid and bone marrow aspirate culture. He was treated with amphotericin B for 2 weeks (1 mg/kg/day), and then with fluconazole orally for 8 weeks (12 mg/kg/day). He also received a new diagnosis of HIV and was started on antiretroviral therapy 2 weeks after starting antifungal treatment. At follow-up 8 weeks later, he was doing well.
Prehospital endotracheal intubation; need for routine cuff pressure measurement?
Authors: Peters Joost H , Hoogerwerf Nico
Published: October 2012

In endotracheal intubation, a secured airway includes an insufflated cuff distal to the vocal cords. High cuff pressures may lead to major complications occurring after a short period of time. Cuff pressures are not routinely checked after intubation in the prehospital setting, dealing with a vulnerable group of patients. We reviewed cuff pressures after intubation by Helicopter Emergency Medical Services and paramedics noted in a dispatch database. Initial cuff pressures are almost all too high, needing adjustment to be in the safe zone. Dutch paramedics lack manometers and, therefore, only few paramedic intubations are followed by cuff pressure measurements. We recommend cuff pressure measurements after all (prehospital) intubations and, therefore, all ambulances need to be equipped with cuff manometers.
An evaluation of a new prehospital pre-alert guidance tool
Authors: Booth Sean Michael , Bloch Mark
Published: October 2012

Background

The requirement for guidance regarding ambulance crews pre-alerting patients into hospital emergency departments (ED) has been well established, but a clear guidance tool that supports a decision to pre-alert a receiving hospital is lacking.

Aims

To investigate the impact of a new pre-alert tool on current alerting practice and evaluate its ability to take the place of a prehospital early warning system.

Methods

Data were collected for a sample of patients brought by ambulance to the resuscitation area of Aberdeen Royal Infirmary ED over a 7-week period. Basic demographic information plus alert status and guidance prompt status was collected and compared with a pragmatic alert requirement. Analysis of ambulance crew alert decisions and the pre-alert guidance prompt advice was undertaken and compared.

Results

Ambulance crew decisions to alert had a sensitivity of 72% (CI 62% to 80%), specificity of 50% (CI 27% to 73%), positive predictive value (PPV) of 90% and negative predictive value (NPV) of 22%. The pre-alert guidance alert prompt had a sensitivity of 99% (CI 94% to 100%), specificity of 64% (CI 39% to 84%), PPV of 95% and NPV of 90%. 28% of patients were under-alerted by ambulance crews, mostly medical patients presenting with chest pain.

Conclusions

The pre-alert guidance tool shows face validity and superior ability to advise a pre-alert than ambulance crew decisions. It supplements a practitioners’ clinical decision-making and has been regarded as having a positive impact on ED triage and utilisation of resources. Further levels of validity are expected to be achieved with continued audit and ongoing use of this tool.
Bed-sharing and risk of hospitalisation due to pneumonia and diarrhoea in infancy: the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort
Authors: Ngale Kátia M A , Santos Iná S , González-Chica David A , de Barros Aluísio J D , Matijasevich Alicia
Published: October 2012

Objective

To investigate the association between bed-sharing with the mother at 3 months of age and incidence of hospitalisation due to pneumonia and diarrhoea between 3 and 12 months.

Methods

The 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort included all live births to mothers living in Pelotas, Brazil, in 2004. Information on bed-sharing was obtained at the 3-month follow-up visit, and on hospitalisations at the 12-month visit, both based on mothers’ reports. Only singleton infants with complete information on hospitalisation were analysed.

Results

3906 infants were included. The bed-sharing prevalence at 3 months was 46.4% (95% CI 44.9 to 48.0%). The incidence of pneumonia admissions between 3 and 12 months was 3.6% (95% CI 3.3 to 4.2%) and diarrhoea, 0.9% (95% CI 0.6 to 1.2%). In crude analyses, bed-sharing with the mother was associated with higher incidence of hospitalisation due to both pneumonia and diarrhoea. There was interaction between bed-sharing and duration of breastfeeding regarding the chance of admission due to pneumonia. Among infants breastfed for 3 months or less, the chance of hospitalisation due to pneumonia among bed-sharers was almost twice as high as among non-bed-sharers (adjusted OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.08 to 3.55). There was no association between bed-sharing and hospitalisation due to pneumonia among infants breastfed for longer than 3 months in crude or adjusted analyses. The association between bed-sharing and admissions due to diarrhoea lost statistical significance after allowing for confounders.

Conclusions

The effect of bed-sharing in infancy on the risk of hospitalisation due to pneumonia depends on breastfeeding, such that weaned children present higher risk.
Fruit and vegetable purchasing and the relative density of healthy and unhealthy food stores: evidence from an Australian multilevel study
Authors: Mason Kate E , Bentley Rebecca J , Kavanagh Anne M
Published: October 2012

Background

Evidence of a relationship between residential retail food environments and diet-related outcomes is inconsistent. One reason for this may be that food environments are typically defined in terms of the absolute number of particular store types in an area, whereas a measure of the relative number of healthy and unhealthy stores may be more appropriate.

Methods

Using cross-sectional data from the VicLANES study conducted in Melbourne, Australia, multilevel logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the independent associations between absolute measures (numbers of healthy and unhealthy stores) and a relative measure (relative density of healthy stores) of the food environment, and self-reported variety of fruit and vegetable purchasing in local households. Purchasing behaviour was measured as the odds of purchasing above the median level of fruit and vegetables.

Results

Compared to households in areas where healthy food stores made up no more than 10% of all healthy and unhealthy stores, households in areas with 10.1–15.0% healthy food stores and >15% healthy stores had increased odds of healthier purchasing (OR=1.48 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.96) and OR=1.45 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.91), respectively). There was less evidence of an association between absolute numbers of healthy or unhealthy stores and fruit and vegetable purchasing.

Conclusions

We found strong evidence of healthier fruit and vegetable purchasing in households located in areas where the proportion of food stores that were healthy was greater. Policies aimed at improving the balance between healthy and unhealthy stores within areas may therefore be effective in promoting greater consumption of fruit and vegetables.
Adaptive text correction with Web-crawled domain-dependent dictionaries
Authors: Ringlstetter Christoph , Schulz Klaus U. , Mihov Stoyan
Published: October 2012

For the success of lexical text correction, high coverage of the underlying background dictionary is crucial. Still, most correction tools are built on top of static dictionaries that represent fixed collections of expressions of a given language. When treating texts from specific domains and areas, often a significant part of the vocabulary is missed. In this situation, both automated and interactive correction systems produce suboptimal results. In this article, we describe strategies for crawling Web pages that fit the thematic domain of the given input text. Special filtering techniques are introduced to avoid pages with many orthographic errors. Collecting the vocabulary of filtered pages that meet the vocabulary of the input text, dynamic dictionaries of modest size are obtained that reach excellent coverage values. A tool has been developed that automatically crawls dictionaries in the indicated way. Our correction experiments with crawled dictionaries, which address English and German document collections from a variety of thematic fields, show that with these dictionaries even the error rate of highly accurate texts can be reduced, using completely automated correction methods. For interactive text correction, more sensible candidate sets for correcting erroneous words are obtained and the manual effort is reduced in a significant way. To complete this picture, we study the effect when using word trigram models for correction. Again, trigram models from crawled corpora outperform those obtained from static corpora.
Learning bayesian networks from Markov random fields
Authors: Wang Zhenxing , Chan Laiwan
Published: October 2012

Dependency analysis is a typical approach for Bayesian network learning, which infers the structures of Bayesian networks by the results of a series of conditional independence (CI) tests. In practice, testing independence conditioning on large sets hampers the performance of dependency analysis algorithms in terms of accuracy and running time for the following reasons. First, testing independence on large sets of variables with limited samples is not stable. Second, for most dependency analysis algorithms, the number of CI tests grows at an exponential rate with the sizes of conditioning sets, and the running time grows of the same rate. Therefore, determining how to reduce the number of CI tests and the sizes of conditioning sets becomes a critical step in dependency analysis algorithms. In this article, we address a two-phase algorithm based on the observation that the structures of Markov random fields are similar to those of Bayesian networks. The first phase of the algorithm constructs a Markov random field from data, which provides a close approximation to the structure of the true Bayesian network; the second phase of the algorithm removes redundant edges according to CI tests to get the true Bayesian network. Both phases use Markov blanket information to reduce the sizes of conditioning sets and the number of CI tests without sacrificing accuracy. An empirical study shows that the two-phase algorithm performs well in terms of accuracy and efficiency.
ciForager
Authors: Chan Jeffrey , Bailey James , Leckie Christopher , Houle Michael
Published: October 2012

Data mining techniques for understanding how graphs evolve over time have become increasingly important. Evolving graphs arise naturally in diverse applications such as computer network topologies, multiplayer games and medical imaging. A natural and interesting problem in evolving graph analysis is the discovery of compact subgraphs that change in a similar manner. Such subgraphs are known as regions of correlated change and they can both summarise change patterns in graphs and help identify the underlying events causing these changes. However, previous techniques for discovering regions of correlated change suffer from limited scalability, making them unsuitable for analysing the evolution of very large graphs. In this paper, we introduce a new algorithm called ciForager, that addresses this scalability challenge and offers considerable improvements. The efficiency of ciForager is based on the use of new incremental techniques for detecting change, as well as the use of Voronoi representations for efficiently determining distance. We experimentally show that ciForager can achieve speedups of up to 1000 times over previous approaches. As a result, it becomes feasible for the first time to discover regions of correlated change in extremely large graphs, such as the entire BGP routing topology of the Internet.
Forecasting in the NBA and other team sports
Authors: Vaz de Melo Pedro O. S. , Almeida Virgilio A. F. , Loureiro Antonio A. F. , Faloutsos Christos
Published: October 2012

The multi-million sports-betting market is based on the fact that the task of predicting the outcome of a sports event is very hard. Even with the aid of an uncountable number of descriptive statistics and background information, only a few can correctly guess the outcome of a game or a league. In this work, our approach is to move away from the traditional way of predicting sports events, and instead to model sports leagues as networks of players and teams where the only information available is the work relationships among them. We propose two network-based models to predict the behavior of teams in sports leagues. These models are parameter-free, that is, they do not have a single parameter, and moreover are sport-agnostic: they can be applied directly to any team sports league. First, we view a sports league as a network in evolution, and we infer the implicit feedback behind network changes and properties over the years. Then, we use this knowledge to construct the network-based prediction models, which can, with a significantly high probability, indicate how well a team will perform over a season. We compare our proposed models with other prediction models in two of the most popular sports leagues: the National Basketball Association (NBA) and the Major League Baseball (MLB). Our model shows consistently good results in comparison with the other models and, relying upon the network properties of the teams, we achieved a ≈ 14% rank prediction accuracy improvement over our best competitor.
Law's Archive
Authors: Mawani Renisa
Published: October 2012

The archival turn has followed a long, protracted, and spiraled trajectory through the fields of history, historical anthropology, philosophy, and literary studies. Animated by the cultural turn and shaped by the challenges of poststructuralism, subaltern, and postcolonial studies, critics have formulated history's archive not solely as a repository of sources through which to retrieve and/or assemble the past but as an uneven effect of power and a set of contested truth claims through which history itself has been a site of struggle. Law and legal studies, by contrast, have had curiously little to say on the subject. That the archive has been the topic of such vibrant debate and disagreement outside of law but not within it is a problematic that informs this review. This article revisits the spirited and now familiar debates in history and these other fields and asks how these critical engagements—which have yet to fully dislodge the archive as truth or radically change how we write history—might productively inform conceptualizations of law's archive. Given law's significance to historical, contemporary, and future struggles over sovereignty, authority, violence, and nonviolence, its archive, I argue, cannot be broached as a compendium of sources or as a regime of power/knowledge alone. Rather, law is the archive. It is an expansive and expanding locus of juridico-political command, one that is operative through what I term a double logic of violence: a mutual and reciprocal violence of law as symbolic and material force and law as document and documentation. Law's archive is a site from which law derives its meanings, authority, and legitimacy, a proliferation of documents that obscures its originary violence and its ongoing force, and a trace that holds the potential to reveal its foundations as (il)legitimate.
Hypoxia-augmented constriction of deep femoral artery mediated by inhibition of eNOS in smooth muscle
Authors: Han Jung-A. , Seo Eun Yeoung , Kim Hae Jin , Park Su Jung , Yoo Hae Young , Kim Jin Young , Shin Dong Min , Kim Jin Kyoung , Zhang Yin Hua , Kim Sung Joon
Published: October 2012

In contrast to the conventional belief that systemic arteries dilate under hypoxia, we found that α-adrenergic contraction of rat deep femoral artery (DFA) is largely augmented by hypoxia (HVCDFA) while hypoxia (3% Po2) alone had no effect. HVCDFA was consistently observed in both endothelium-intact and -denuded vessels with partial pretone by phenylephrine (PhE) or by other conditions (e.g., K+ channel blocker). Patch-clamp study showed no change in the membrane conductance of DFA myocytes by hypoxia. The RhoA-kinase inhibitor Y27632 attenuated HVCDFA. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor [nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME)] and soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor [oxadiazole quinoxalin (ODQ)] strongly augmented the PhE-pretone, while neither of the agents had effect without pretone. NADPH oxidase type 4 (NOX4) inhibitors (diphenylene iodonium and plumbagin) also potentiated PhE-pretone, which was reversed by NO donor. No additive HVCDFA was observed under the pretreatment with l-NAME, ODQ, or plumbagin. Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis showed that both NOX4 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) are expressed in smooth muscle layer of DFA. Various mitochondria inhibitors (rotenone, myxothiazol, and cyanide) prevented HVCDFA. From the pharmacological data, as a mechanism for HVCDFA, we suggest hypoxic inhibition of eNOS in myocytes. The putative role of NOX4 and mitochondria requires further investigation. The HVCDFA may prevent imbalance between cardiac output and skeletal blood flow under emergent hypoxia combined with increased sympathetic tone.
Antagonism of orexin receptors in the posterior hypothalamus reduces hypoglossal and cardiorespiratory excitation from the perifornical hypothalamus
Authors: Stettner Georg M. , Kubin Leszek
Published: October 2012

The perifornical (PF) region of the posterior hypothalamus promotes wakefulness and facilitates motor activity. In anesthetized rats, local disinhibition of PF neurons by GABAA receptor antagonists activates orexin (OX) neurons and elicits a systemic response, including increases of hypoglossal nerve activity (XIIa), respiratory rate, heart rate, and blood pressure. The increase of XIIa is mediated to hypoglossal (XII) motoneurons by pathways that do not require noradrenergic or serotonergic projections. We hypothesized that the pathway might include OX-dependent activation locally within the PF region or direct projections of OX neurons to the XII nucleus. Adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats were urethane anesthetized, vagotomized, paralyzed, and ventilated. Gabazine (GABAA receptor antagonist, 0.18 mM, 20 nl) was injected into the PF region, and ∼2 h later, a second gabazine injection was performed preceded by injection of a dual OX1/2 receptor antagonist (almorexant; 90 mM) either into the XII nucleus (40–60 nl at 2–3 rostrocaudal levels; n = 6 rats), or into the PF region (40–60 nl; n = 6 rats). XIIa, respiratory rate, heart rate, and arterial blood pressure were analyzed for 70 min after each gabazine injection. The excitatory effects of PF gabazine on XIIa, respiratory, and heart rates were significantly reduced by up to 44–82% when gabazine injections were preceded by PF almorexant injections, but not when almorexant was injected into the XII nucleus. These data suggest that a significant portion of XII motoneuronal and cardiorespiratory activation evoked by disinhibition of PF neurons is mediated by local OX-dependent mechanisms within the posterior hypothalamus.
Statistically significant contrasts between EMG waveforms revealed using wavelet-based functional ANOVA
Authors: McKay J. Lucas , Welch Torrence D. J. , Vidakovic Brani , Ting Lena H.
Published: October 2012

We developed wavelet-based functional ANOVA (wfANOVA) as a novel approach for comparing neurophysiological signals that are functions of time. Temporal resolution is often sacrificed by analyzing such data in large time bins, increasing statistical power by reducing the number of comparisons. We performed ANOVA in the wavelet domain because differences between curves tend to be represented by a few temporally localized wavelets, which we transformed back to the time domain for visualization. We compared wfANOVA and ANOVA performed in the time domain (tANOVA) on both experimental electromyographic (EMG) signals from responses to perturbation during standing balance across changes in peak perturbation acceleration (3 levels) and velocity (4 levels) and on simulated data with known contrasts. In experimental EMG data, wfANOVA revealed the continuous shape and magnitude of significant differences over time without a priori selection of time bins. However, tANOVA revealed only the largest differences at discontinuous time points, resulting in features with later onsets and shorter durations than those identified using wfANOVA ( P < 0.02). Furthermore, wfANOVA required significantly fewer (∼¼×; P < 0.015) significant F tests than tANOVA, resulting in post hoc tests with increased power. In simulated EMG data, wfANOVA identified known contrast curves with a high level of precision ( r2= 0.94 ± 0.08) and performed better than tANOVA across noise levels ( P < <0.01). Therefore, wfANOVA may be useful for revealing differences in the shape and magnitude of neurophysiological signals (e.g., EMG, firing rates) across multiple conditions with both high temporal resolution and high statistical power.
Control of position and movement is simplified by combined muscle spindle and Golgi tendon organ feedback
Authors: Kistemaker Dinant A. , Van Soest Arthur J. Knoek , Wong Jeremy D. , Kurtzer Isaac , Gribble Paul L.
Published: October 2012

Whereas muscle spindles play a prominent role in current theories of human motor control, Golgi tendon organs (GTO) and their associated tendons are often neglected. This is surprising since there is ample evidence that both tendons and GTOs contribute importantly to neuromusculoskeletal dynamics. Using detailed musculoskeletal models, we provide evidence that simple feedback using muscle spindles alone results in very poor control of joint position and movement since muscle spindles cannot sense changes in tendon length that occur with changes in muscle force. We propose that a combination of spindle and GTO afferents can provide an estimate of muscle-tendon complex length, which can be effectively used for low-level feedback during both postural and movement tasks. The feasibility of the proposed scheme was tested using detailed musculoskeletal models of the human arm. Responses to transient and static perturbations were simulated using a 1-degree-of-freedom (DOF) model of the arm and showed that the combined feedback enabled the system to respond faster, reach steady state faster, and achieve smaller static position errors. Finally, we incorporated the proposed scheme in an optimally controlled 2-DOF model of the arm for fast point-to-point shoulder and elbow movements. Simulations showed that the proposed feedback could be easily incorporated in the optimal control framework without complicating the computation of the optimal control solution, yet greatly enhancing the system's response to perturbations. The theoretical analyses in this study might furthermore provide insight about the strong physiological couplings found between muscle spindle and GTO afferents in the human nervous system.
Mechanisms underlying long-interval cortical inhibition in the human motor cortex: a TMS-EEG study
Authors: Rogasch Nigel C. , Daskalakis Zafiris J. , Fitzgerald Paul B.
Published: October 2012

Long-interval cortical inhibition (LICI) refers to suppression of neuronal activity following paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with interstimulus intervals (ISIs) between 50 and 200 ms. LICI can be measured either from motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) in small hand muscles or directly from the cortex using concurrent electroencephalography (EEG). However, it remains unclear whether EEG inhibition reflects similar mechanisms to MEP inhibition. Eight healthy participants received single- and paired-pulse TMS (ISI = 100 ms) over the motor cortex. MEPs were measured from a small hand muscle (first dorsal interosseus), whereas early (P30, P60) and late (N100) TMS-evoked cortical potentials (TEPs) were measured over the motor cortex using EEG. Conditioning and test TMS intensities were altered, and modulation of LICI strength was measured using both methods. LICI of MEPs and both P30 and P60 TEPs increased in strength with increasing conditioning intensities and decreased with increasing test intensities. LICI of N100 TEPs remained unchanged across all conditions. In addition, MEP and P30 LICI strength correlated with the slope of the N100 evoked by the conditioning pulse. LICI of early and late TEP components was differentially modulated with altered TMS intensities, suggesting independent underlying mechanisms. LICI of P30 is consistent with inhibition of cortical excitation similar to MEPs, whereas LICI of N100 may reflect presynaptic autoinhibition of inhibitory interneurons. The N100 evoked by the conditioning pulse is consistent with the mechanism responsible for LICI, most likely GABAB-mediated inhibition of cortical activity.
Inhibitory connections in the honeybee antennal lobe are spatially patchy
Authors: Girardin Cyrille C. , Kreissl Sabine , Galizia C. Giovanni
Published: October 2012

The olfactory system is a classical model for studying sensory processing. The first olfactory brain center [the olfactory bulb of vertebrates and the antennal lobe (AL) of insects] contains spherical neuropiles called glomeruli. Each glomerulus receives the information from one olfactory receptor type. Interglomerular computation is accomplished by lateral connectivity via interneurons. However, the spatial and functional organization of these lateral connections is not completely understood. Here we studied the spatial logic in the AL of the honeybee. We combined topical application of neurotransmitters, olfactory stimulations, and in vivo calcium imaging to visualize the arrangement of lateral connections. Suppression of activity in a single glomerulus with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) while presenting an odor reveals the existence of inhibitory interactions. Stimulating a glomerulus with acetylcholine (ACh) activates inhibitory interglomerular connections that can reduce odor-evoked responses. We show that this lateral network is patchy, in that individual glomeruli inhibit other glomeruli with graded strength, but in a spatially discontinuous manner. These results suggest that processing of olfactory information requires combinatorial activity patterns with complex topologies across the AL.
eIF4E/4E-BP Ratio Predicts the Efficacy of mTOR Targeted Therapies
Authors: Alain Tommy , Morita Masahiro , Fonseca Bruno D. , Yanagiya Akiko , Siddiqui Nadeem , Bhat Mamatha , Zammit Domenick , Marcus Victoria , Metrakos Peter , Voyer Lucie-Anne , Gandin Valentina , Liu Yi , Topisirovic Ivan , Sonenberg Nahum
Published: October 2012

Active-site mTOR inhibitors (asTORi) hold great promise for targeting dysregulated mTOR signaling in cancer. Because of the multifaceted nature of mTORC1 signaling, identification of reliable biomarkers for the sensitivity of tumors to asTORi is imperative for their clinical implementation. Here, we show that cancer cells acquire resistance to asTORi by downregulating eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF4E)-binding proteins (4E-BPs—EIF4EBP1, EIF4EBP2). Loss of 4E-BPs or overexpression of eIF4E renders neoplastic growth and translation of tumor-promoting mRNAs refractory to mTOR inhibition. Conversely, moderate depletion of eIF4E augments the anti-neoplastic effects of asTORi. The anti-proliferative effect of asTORi in vitro and in vivo is therefore significantly influenced by perturbations in eIF4E/4E-BP stoichiometry, whereby an increase in the eIF4E/4E-BP ratio dramatically limits the sensitivity of cancer cells to asTORi. We propose that the eIF4E/4E-BP ratio, rather than their individual protein levels or solely their phosphorylation status, should be considered as a paramount predictive marker for forecasting the clinical therapeutic response to mTOR inhibitors. Cancer Res; 72(24); 6468–76. ©2012 AACR.
Critical Role of Northern Off-Equatorial Sea Surface Temperature Forcing Associated with Central Pacific El Niño in More Frequent Tropical Cyclone Movements toward East Asia
Authors: Jin Chun-Sil , Ho Chang-Hoi , Kim Joo-Hong , Lee Dong-Kyou , Cha Dong-Hyun , Yeh Sang-Wook
Published: October 2012

Observational records reveal that the number of tropical cyclones (TCs) approaching East Asia in July–October is positively correlated with sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the equatorial and northern off-equatorial central Pacific (CP) oceans, indicating the significant impact of CP El Niño (CP-EN). Through experiments using a Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model–based regional climate model, this study demonstrates that it is northern off-equatorial CP warming, rather than equatorial CP warming, that effectively induces local anomalous steering flows pertinent to the observed increase in TC activity over East Asia during CP-EN. Sensitivity experiments, in which the prescribed CP-EN-related SST anomaly is confined near the equator, do not capture the observed TC increase over East Asia, whereas those including the off-equatorial region successfully reproduce observed atmospheric and TC variabilities. The off-equatorial CP SST anomaly acts to expand the anomalous cyclonic response in the Philippine Sea farther northward. This produces a tunnel effect in the East China Sea, by which more TCs move to East Asian coastal regions (e.g., east China, Taiwan, Korea, and Japan).
Modeling, analysis and experiments of inter yarn compaction effects in braided composite actuators
Authors: Zhang Zhiye , Philen Michael
Published: October 2012

Braided composite actuators are pressure-driven muscle-like actuators capable of large displacements as well as large blocking forces. Braided composite actuators can also exhibit a large change in effective stiffness through simple valve control when the working fluid has a high bulk modulus. This is due to the stiff fiber reinforcement of the braided sleeve and the high bulk modulus of the fluid resisting the volume change when a load is applied in the closed-valve condition. Several analytical models have been previously developed that capture the geometrical and material nonlinearities of the composite actuator, the compliance of the inner liner, and entrapped air in the fluid. This article focuses on inter yarn compaction in the fiber sleeve, which is shown to reduce the effective closed-valve stiffness. In this article, a new analytical model that considers inter fiber yarn compaction, fiber extension and entrapped air effect as well as the material and geometric nonlinearities is developed. Analysis and experimental results demonstrate that the new compaction model can improve the prediction of the response behavior of the actuator.
Effect of enzyme and ammonia treatments in green composite systems
Authors: Lee Seung Hwan , Song Young Seok
Published: October 2012

The morphological and physical properties of poly(lactic acid) composites reinforced by woven hemp fabrics pre-treated with enzyme and ammonia were investigated in this study. During the preparation procedure of the poly(lactic acid)/hemp composites, enzyme and ammonia treatments were applied to the surface of woven hemp fabrics in order to improve the interfacial adhesion between hemp fibers and poly(lactic acid) resin. The mechanical and morphological properties of poly(lactic acid)/hemp composites were examined via Instron measurement and scanning electron microscopic observation. Furthermore, the thermal shrinkage and flame-retardant properties of the composites were analyzed to understand the effect of the pre-treatment.
The Potential of Social Science Theory for the Evaluation and Improvement of Drug Courts
Authors: DeVall Kristen E. , Gregory Paul D. , Hartmann David J.
Published: October 2012

As drug treatment courts developed over the past 20 years, they were increasingly and productively grounded in the philosophy of therapeutic jurisprudence and in the operational standards of the 10 key components. Both of these and particularly the growing literature on the efficacy of the key components offer guidance for the implementation and monitoring of programs and provide a logic for attributing outcomes to program operation. What then, if anything, might be gained by an explicit attention to what is generally called social science theory in understanding and modifying drug courts? This article addresses these questions and develops social learning theory as an example of the potential for this union of theoretical and practical concerns.
Pressured Into Deception
Authors: Jackson Theron Keith
Published: October 2012

Determining the accuracy and predictors of self-reported drug use is important for researchers who examine drug-related issues and for criminal justice professionals so that they are better able to provide proper treatment referrals for those in the criminal justice system. However, self-reports, especially those of drug users, are not always accurate. The present study examines general strain theory and its utility in explaining intentional inaccuracies of self-reported drug use. This study uses data from the 2003 Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring survey and the 2000 U.S. Census to examine self-reported drug use accuracy rates and predictors across four different drug types. Binomial conditional logistic regression models with fixed effects and robust standard errors are used. Findings show that experiencing strain may reduce the likelihood of accurately reporting drug use in a jail setting. The present study expands on recent literature on general strain theory to include purposeful deception as a possible deviant coping mechanism used in response to the strain an individual feels. Conclusions suggest that researchers might incorporate strain-related questions in surveys of potentially sensitive topics so as to better gauge the accuracy of self-reported information.