bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infringing AI: Liability for AI-Generated Outputs under International, EU, and UK Copyright Law
Authors: Rosati Eleonora
Published: October 2024

The analysis of liability aspects facing Artificial Intelligence (‘AI’)-generated outputs under copyright and related rights has been overlooked compared to other issues connected to the development and use of AI. This study fills this gap by exploring pertinent questions under international, EU and UK law. Specifically, the study tackles actionable reproduction, allocation of liability, and availability of defences. The analysis ultimately shows that, while it is clear that each case will need to be decided on its own merits, the generative AI output phase raises several profiles of liability under copyright law. If the goal of policymakers and relevant stakeholders is to ensure the balanced and sustainable development of AI, then the issues related to the generation and dissemination of AI outputs need to be given ample attention and a greater role in the debate than what has been the case so far, whether it is in the context of risk assessment and compliance, licensing initiatives, or in contentious scenarios.
Evaluating flow-added damping on a hydrofoil by combining vibro-acoustics and doublet-lattice panel analyses
Authors: Lamoureux Danick , Audefroy Clément , Tazi Labzour Omar , Houde Sébastien , Gosselin Frédérick P.
Published: October 2024

Hydroelectric turbine designers need to know the damping coefficient of a turbine blade to assess its longevity. Damping is difficult to simulate numerically. Current flow-added damping evaluation methods involve solving Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations, which are numerically expensive and complex. This paper presents a new, simple and fast method to evaluate the added damping coefficient of a standalone and straight hydrofoil using NASTRAN's multiple modules. Using the vacuum and resting fluid natural frequencies, a proportionality matrix is implemented into NASTRAN's flutter solution using the added virtual mass incremental factor to evaluate the added damping adequately. The methodology is validated against experimental and numerical data from previously published articles and presents good agreement with existing results.
Direct calculation of the eddy viscosity operator in turbulent channel flow at Re
τ
= 180
Authors: Park Danah , Mani Ali
Published: October 2024

This study aims to quantify how turbulence in a channel flow mixes momentum in the mean sense. We applied the macroscopic forcing method (Mani & Park, Phys. Rev. Fluids, 2021, 054607) to direct numerical simulation (DNS) of a turbulent channel flow at

$Re_\tau =180$

using two different forcing strategies that are designed to separately assess the anisotropy and non-locality of momentum mixing. In the first strategy, the leading term of the Kramers–Moyal expansion of the eddy viscosity is quantified, revealing all 81 tensorial coefficients that essentially characterise the local-limit eddy viscosity. The results indicate the following: (1) the eddy viscosity has significant anisotropy, (2) Reynolds stresses are generated by both the mean strain rate and mean rotation rate tensors associated with the momentum field and (3) the local-limit eddy viscosity generates asymmetric Reynolds stress tensors. In the second strategy, the eddy viscosity is quantified as an integration kernel revealing the non-local influence of the mean momentum gradient at each wall-normal coordinate on all nine components of the Reynolds stresses over the channel width. Our results indicate that while the shear component of the Reynolds stress is reasonably reproduced by the local mean gradients, other components of the Reynolds stress are highly non-local. These results provide an understanding of anisotropy and non-locality requirements for closure modelling of momentum transport in attached wall-bounded turbulent flows.
A three-layer Hele-Shaw problem driven by a sink
Authors: Zhao Meng , Barua Amlan K. , Lowengrub John S. , Ying Wenjun , Li Shuwang
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we investigate a sink-driven three-layer flow in a radial Hele-Shaw cell. The three fluids are of different viscosities, with one fluid occupying an annulus-like domain, forming two interfaces with the other two fluids. Using a boundary integral method and a semi-implicit time stepping scheme, we alleviate the numerical stiffness in updating the interfaces and achieve spectral accuracy in space. The interaction between the two interfaces introduces novel dynamics leading to rich pattern formation phenomena, manifested by two typical events: either one of the two interfaces reaches the sink faster than the other (forming cusp-like morphology), or they come very close to each other (suggesting a possibility of interface merging). In particular, the inner interface can be wrapped by the other to have both scenarios. We find that multiple parameters contribute to the dynamics, including the width of the annular region, the location of the sink, and the mobilities of the fluids.
Mean field responses in disordered systems: an example from nonlinear MHD
Authors: Hughes D.W. , Mason J. , Proctor M.R.E.
Published: October 2024

Understanding the generation of large-scale magnetic fields and flows in magnetohydro-dynamical (MHD) turbulence remains one of the most challenging problems in astrophysical fluid dynamics. Although much work has been done on the kinematic generation of large-scale magnetic fields by turbulence, relatively little attention has been paid to the much more difficult problem in which fields and flows interact on an equal footing. The aim is to find conditions for long-wavelength instabilities of stationary MHD states. Here, we first revisit the formal exposition of the long-wavelength linear instability theory, showing how long-wavelength perturbations are governed by four mean field tensors; we then show how these tensors may be calculated explicitly under the ‘short-sudden’ approximation for the turbulence. For MHD states with relatively little disorder, the linear theory works well: average quantities can be readily calculated, and stability to long-wavelength perturbations determined. However, for disordered basic states, linear perturbations can grow without bound and the purely linear theory, as formulated, cannot be applied. We then address the question of whether there is a linear response for sufficiently weak mean fields and flows in a dynamical (nonlinear) evolution, where perturbations are guaranteed to be bounded. As a preliminary study, we first address the nature of the response in a series of one-dimensional maps. For the full MHD problem, we show that in certain circumstances, there is a clear linear response; however, in others, mean quantities – and hence the nature of the response – can be difficult to calculate.
Predicting bifurcation and amplitude death characteristics of thermoacoustic instabilities from PINNs-derived van der Pol oscillators
Authors: Xie Mingke , Zhao Xinyu , Zhao Dan , Fu Jianqin , Shelton Cody , Semlitsch Bernhard
Published: October 2024

Self-sustained thermoacoustic oscillations as observed in low-emission combustion- involved gas turbines and aero-engines involve complicated thermal fluid–acoustics interaction and rich nonlinear dynamics. Such pulsating oscillations are known as thermoacoustic instability. When it occurs, large-amplitude limit cycle oscillations (LCOs) of thermodynamic parameters are frequently observed. These LCOs could cause overheating, flame flashback, and even engine failures. Thus it is critical to understand and predict the generation mechanisms and nonlinear dynamics behaviours, and then develop corresponding control approaches to prevent or control the onset of such instabilities. In this work, we develop and extend the classical van der Pol oscillators by integrating a physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) algorithm with a modelled nonlinear Rijke-type thermoacoustic combustor. The theoretical Rijke tube system (with Galerkin expansion and modified King's law implemented) and a CFD simulation model are applied to provide ‘training/calibration data’ for the extended van der Pol (EVDP)-PINNs model. The optimized EVDP oscillators are confirmed to be capable of capturing the key nonlinear characteristics by comparing the transient growth behaviours of thermodynamic perturbations and LCO amplitude and frequency. Further investigations are conducted to obtain Hopf bifurcation and amplitude death (AD) characteristics. Comparison is then made to the coupled EVDP systems. Quite similar Hopf bifurcation features, but differences in regions of AD, are observed. In general, we demonstrate an applicable approach to intelligently ‘learn’ a nonlinear thermoacoustic system and to create reliable EVDP oscillator systems, which have great potential to contribute to the development and testing of control approaches, such as the coupling described in this work, which may replace costly experimental tests.
Managing the Police Workforce: Sickness and Pensions in the Metropolitan Police in Late Nineteenth-Century London
Authors: Green David , Brown Douglas , Smith Harry , Chick Joe , Preger Natasha
Published: October 2024

The provision of pensions for Civil Servants and other employees in public office, such as the police, as well as in large private businesses, became more widespread in the second half of the nineteenth century. Such pensions, and other non-pay benefits, including sick pay, not only helped with recruitment but also provided a means of managing the retirement of workers who were deemed to be incapable of performing their roles. The rules governing eligibility to receive a pension in the Metropolitan Police in London were closely linked to the certification of poor health. Police doctors restricted the certification of sickness as a reason for retirement because it impacted the size of the force, resulted in the loss of more experienced men, and added to the cost of the pension fund. This strategy generated conflict with the workforce, resulting in industrial unrest. Piecemeal reforms failed to address workers’ concerns until 1890, when the rights to receive a pension were improved. These reforms, rather than stricter vigilance by police doctors, were an effective way of retaining experienced officers in the police force.
Latin literature
Authors: Walter Anke
Published: October 2024

The study of the transmission of Latin texts has received an important new addition: the second volume of Stephen Oakley's Studies in the Transmission of Latin Texts, dedicated to the text of Vitruvius, the agricultural treatises of Cato and Varro, Porphyrio's commentary on Horace (or, rather, the abbreviated commentary transmitted under his name in manuscript V and younger related manuscripts), and Priscian's Latin translation of Dionysius’ Periegesis.1 In meticulous analyses and close work with manuscripts and incunables, Oakley traces the transmission of these texts and the genealogical relationships of individual (groups of) manuscripts as well as the progress of the scholarship on their transmission. The book is nicely illustrated by fifty-one images of some of the key manuscripts, and Oakley provides information of how to access these and others online as well.
Roman History
Authors: Santangelo Federico
Published: October 2024

We start this survey in Italy during the early first millennium bce; a context on which Seth Bernard's new monograph offers an exciting, and in several respects transformative, contribution.1 Its general claim is that, while Rome did not develop a historiographical tradition until Fabius Pictor, there was a keen and pervasive interest in history across ancient Italy, since the early Iron Age, which played out across a wide range of venues and media. The brief of the historian must be to jettison any hierarchical approach to the interplay between textual and archaeological evidence, and to take as broad a view on what history amounts to as possible.
General
Authors: Petrovic Andrej
Published: October 2024

For this General review, I have selected five exciting books dealing with religion. I am very happy to report that we now find selected papers of Robert Parker, one of the luminaries in the field of Greek religion, in a handsomely produced and affordable volume published in the Kernos Suppléments series, whose many virtues I have often extolled on these pages.1 The collection contains twenty articles published over the span of thirty-five years, and, in a way, provides the ‘best of’ of Parker's opera minora. But these are minora in name only: all articles gathered in this volume have been, and remain, highly influential and represent question-defining studies that shaped the way we think about discrete problems in Greek religion.
Cattle Circulation, Beef Market Control Strategies, and African Agropastoralists in Southern Mozambique, 1900s–30s
Authors: Direito Bárbara
Published: October 2024

Focusing on the first decades of the twentieth century but acknowledging longer-term patterns of circulation, this paper discusses how cattle, historically occupying important meanings and roles in the lives of African agropastoralists, was commodified and marketed in southern Mozambique just as Lourenço Marques became the new capital of Mozambique. Highlighting the relations that consolidated between the capital and surrounding cattle-rich areas in a period marked by cattle disease but also the First World War and the Great Depression, the paper looks at the role of different agents and bodies involved in the emerging beef market. Ultimately, the paper shows how African agropastoralists, the main cattle producers in the region, resisted these conditions and tried to engage with markets on their own terms, even in the face of their dwindling control over the different factors that influenced the size and quality of their herds.
Intellectual humility and Christian faith
Authors: Callahan Laura
Published: October 2024

Christians talk a lot about humility. They also talk a lot about the kinds of radical faith that seem to fly in the face of intellectual humility. I explore how best to resolve this tension, from a Christian perspective. I argue that rather than prohibiting radical, ‘all-in’ faith or giving up on an intellectual humility requirement, Christians should conceive of intellectual humility as rooted in (non-)concern for one’s intellectual ego. This kind of intellectual humility is compatible with radical faith, but it also suggests a critique of some actual, ego-driven faith commitments.
Demography, habitat use, and movement patterns of founder Oriental Storks Ciconia boyciana in South Korea
Authors: Ha Dong-Soo , Kim Su-Kyung , Yoon Hyun-Ju , Nam Hyung-Kyu , Shin Yong-Un , Yoon Jongmin
Published: October 2024

Reintroduction includes the captive propagation and movement of extirpated animals or plants into areas of historical and native distribution. Many biotic or abiotic factors can affect a founder population when small numbers are released into unfamiliar novel environments, particularly at the early stage of reintroduction. The inclusion of behavioural and ecological components plays a crucial role in the decision-making process of endangered species conservation efforts such as reintroduction. Since the resident population of Oriental Storks Ciconia boyciana was locally extirpated in South Korea in 1971, its founders have been established through reintroduction since 2015. The aim of this study was to investigate the demography, habitat use, and movement patterns of stork founders using the first two-year demographic and tracking data. Stork founders maintained their population size, which slightly increased in the long term. The patterns of habitat use and movement depended on rice paddy fields for foraging and breeding along with mixed effects of breeding status and season. Considering ecological and life history-related perspectives, we also discuss the potential adaptiveness of founder Oriental Storks as a resident population in a novel environment in South Korea.
Evaluating the application of front-of-package labelling regulations to menu labelling in the Canadian restaurant sector using menu food label information and price (Menu-FLIP) 2020 data
Authors: Jeong Hayun , Yang Yahan , Mulligan Christine , L’Abbé Mary R
Published: October 2024

Objective:

To evaluate the application of front-of-package (FOP) labelling regulations to menu labelling in the Canadian restaurant sector by assessing the proportion of menu items that would be required to display the ‘high-in’ FOP symbol if the policy were extended to the restaurant sector.

Design:

Nutrition information of 18 760 menu items was collected from 141 chain restaurants in Canada. Menu items were evaluated using the mandatory FOP labelling regulations promulgated in Canada Gazette II by Health Canada in July of 2022.

Setting:

Chain restaurants with ≥20 establishments in Canada.

Participants:

Canadian chain restaurant menu items including beverages, desserts, entrées, sides and starters.

Results:

Overall, 77 % of menu items in the Canadian restaurant sector would display a ‘high-in’ FOP symbol. Among these menu items, 43 % would display ‘high-in’ one nutrient, 54 % would display ‘high-in’ two and 3 % would display ‘high-in’ all three nutrients-of-concern. By nutrient, 52 % were ‘high-in’ sodium, and 24 and 47 % were ‘high-in’ total sugars and saturated fat, respectively.

Conclusions:

Given the poor nutritional quality of restaurant foods, the current regulations, if applied to restaurant foods, would result in most menu items displaying a FOP symbol. Therefore, expanding the Canadian FOP labelling regulations to the restaurant sector can be key to ensuring a healthy food environment for Canadians. Furthermore, menu labelling along with other multi-faceted approaches such as reformulation targets are necessary to improve the dietary intake of Canadians from restaurant foods.
Clinical psychologists’ perceptions of telephone consultation for low-income patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: an interview study
Authors: Payan Ségolène , Barbosa Bergami Pablo G. , Vlachopoulou Xanthie , Baligand Pascale , Peronnet Jean-Christophe , Robin Marion , Essadek Aziz
Published: October 2024

Aims:

We will examine the processes of change in psychological practice that have been altered by the lockdown.

Background:

During the COVID-19 pandemic, low-income populations, notably residents of social homes or shelters, were shown to be particularly susceptible to contagion. During lockdown, telephone-based psychological consultations became the norm.

Methods:

In this qualitative research, we carried out semi-structured interviews with 10 psychologists working in social homes or shelters. Interviews were transcribed verbatim. Data were studied using consensus qualitative research.

Findings:

During lockdown, participants felt that isolation increased while medical and social support decreased. Psychologists had to adapt their work methods and work more closely with on-site staffs. After lockdown, there was an increase in mental health issues. Participants perceived that telephone consulting seemed to facilitate access to psychological help. Although psychologists have quickly adapted, a decrease in the quality of clinical work was a general assessment. Results stress the necessity to train French psychologists in telemental health practices.
How the Struggle for Public Health in the Jim Crow South Reflected and Reinforced Systemic Racial Health Inequality
Authors: Elman Cheryl , Feltey Kathryn M. , Wittman Barbara , Stevens Corey , Hartsough Molly B.
Published: October 2024

The twenty-first century COVID-19 epidemic revealed a U.S. public health system that countenanced health inequities and a U.S. public that resisted disease containment policies. This crisis, however, was only the most recent chapter in a longer struggle in the United States to institutionalize public health. We focus on two early twentieth-century public health campaigns in the American South, the unhealthiest U.S. region at the time. Black southerners—denied basic health, political, economic, and social rights under a rising Jim Crow regime—self-organized health services networks, including through the Tuskegee Woman’s Club, the Negro Organization Society of Virginia, and the Moveable School (1890s–1915). Around the same time, a philanthropic project, the Rockefeller Sanitary Commission (RSC, 1909–1914), seeded state-level public health agencies in eleven southern states, thereby installing public health in a top-down manner. We use archival data sources to explore key similarities and differences in the public health concerns and coalition-building approaches of each campaign and southern resistance to their efforts. We find Black-led campaigns often blurred the color line to form coalitions that provided services to the underserved while tackling environmental health risks at the community level. In contrast, RSC affiliates in southern states, as directed by RSC administrators, provided health services as short-term public dispensaries. Services reached Black and White communities willing to participate but in a manner that did not overtly challenge Jim Crow-era practices. Southern resistance to public health expansion persisted under each approach. The legacies of these struggles remain; the political-economic and ideological forces that limited public health expansion while marginalizing Black community health efforts reverberate in public health inequities today.
Seed commodification and contestation in US farmer seed systems
Authors: Isbell Carina , Tobin Daniel , Mares Teresa , Jones Kristal
Published: October 2024

Over the last century seed systems have undergone a process of commercialization, resulting in the transformation of seed from a common good into a commodity. Countries such as the United States are dominated by the private seed industry, which has succeeded in reducing crop diversity and increasing farmer dependency on commodity seed (i.e., seed that is bought and sold) through such mechanisms as seed hybridization, intellectual property protections, and the proliferation of genetically engineered crop varieties. Commodity seed has become necessary to support food production, but concurrently has created a positive feedback loop that solidifies corporate control within the seed industry while concurrently disincentivizing traditional agricultural practices such as seed saving. In contestation, growers nationally and globally have called for change both within and outside of market structures – advocating for the revalorization of the vast array of social, cultural, and environmental benefits that seeds have that are not being properly protected by those with the most power in the seed industry. Using insight from 31 semi-structured interviews with growers involved in Vermont's farmer seed systems, this study elucidates some of the non-commodity values that growers hold for the seeds they source from both non-commercial and commercial sources. Our results highlight how growers appreciate such non-commodity values as provenance and diversity and are working to provide a social and environmental safeguard for seeds through seed saving. At the same time, many growers also acknowledge the convenience and modern necessity of commodity seed, highlighting the importance of supporting alternative seed industry structures that are more socially and environmentally responsible. These findings stress the importance of acknowledging the multidimensionality of US farmer seed systems, whereby market and non-market exchanges can coexist and work toward creating more just and sustainable seed systems without ceding to complete commodification devoid of social import.
Redefining the neutral intermediary role: Balancing theoretical ideas with practical realities through the ICRC's experience in Yemen
Authors: Stöcklin Diego
Published: October 2024

Neutrality, a foundational principle in humanitarian efforts and peace mediation, encounters significant practical challenges in the modern landscape of armed conflicts, particularly in the intermediary role of humanitarian organizations. This study examines the role of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) as a neutral intermediary in Yemen, focusing on the release and repatriation of detainees during the 2016–20 peace efforts. Drawing on the ICRC's experience, the analysis highlights the evolving understanding of neutrality from a rigid concept to a more flexible, context-sensitive approach. The findings emphasize the importance of neutrality in fostering trust and facilitating dialogue while acknowledging the operational complexities and strategic considerations involved. This study provides insights into enhancing the contributions of neutral intermediaries to sustainable peace processes.
Unterstützung internationaler Auszubildender in der Pflegeausbildung
Authors: Tübbing Tim
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung: Mit der zunehmenden Zahl internationaler Auszubildender im Pflegebereich steigt der Bedarf an strukturierten Unterstützungskonzepten in Pflegeschulen. Der Beitrag präsentiert Ergebnisse einer Praxisstudie, in der internationale Auszubildende zu ihren Herausforderungen befragt wurden. Auf dieser Basis wird ein Konzept vorgestellt, wie die LVR-Pflegeschule Bedburg-Hau die Auszubildenden unterstützt.
Sprachkompetenzerwerb in der Pflegebildung
Authors: Maier Isabell
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung: Das Thema Migration nimmt eine zunehmende Rolle in der Pflegebildung ein. Neben der Ausbildung müssen sich Auszubildende mit Migrationserfahrung der Herausforderung der Integration und der Spracherlangung widmen, wobei Sprache einen zentralen Schlüssel darstellt. Die Forschungsarbeit beleuchtet die Herausforderungen des sprachlichen Kompetenzerwerbes sowie die Ressourcen und die Lebensrealität der Auszubildendengruppe.
Keine Lust auf Gruppenarbeit?
Authors: Wittmann Luisa
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung: Wenn Auszubildende im Pflegeunterricht Aufgaben in Gruppen bearbeiten sollen, begegnen Pflegelehrenden nicht selten Widerständen. Jedoch können soziale als auch fachliche Kompetenzen in Gruppen besser entwickelt werden als in Einzelarbeit. Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit Ergebnissen und Lösungsansätzen einer Praxisstudie mit Pflegeauszubildenden.
Personalized bioceramic grafts for craniomaxillofacial bone regeneration
Authors: de Carvalho Ana Beatriz G. , Rahimnejad Maedeh , Oliveira Rodrigo L. M. S. , Sikder Prabaha , Saavedra Guilherme S. F. A. , Bhaduri Sarit B. , Gawlitta Debby , Malda Jos , Kaigler Darnell , Trichês Eliandra S. , Bottino Marco C.
Published: October 2024

The reconstruction of craniomaxillofacial bone defects remains clinically challenging. To date, autogenous grafts are considered the gold standard but present critical drawbacks. These shortcomings have driven recent research on craniomaxillofacial bone reconstruction to focus on synthetic grafts with distinct materials and fabrication techniques. Among the various fabrication methods, additive manufacturing (AM) has shown significant clinical potential. AM technologies build three-dimensional (3D) objects with personalized geometry customizable from a computer-aided design. These layer-by-layer 3D biomaterial structures can support bone formation by guiding cell migration/proliferation, osteogenesis, and angiogenesis. Additionally, these structures can be engineered to degrade concomitantly with the new bone tissue formation, making them ideal as synthetic grafts. This review delves into the key advances of bioceramic grafts/scaffolds obtained by 3D printing for personalized craniomaxillofacial bone reconstruction. In this regard, clinically relevant topics such as ceramic-based biomaterials, graft/scaffold characteristics (macro/micro-features), material extrusion-based 3D printing, and the step-by-step workflow to engineer personalized bioceramic grafts are discussed. Importantly, in vitro models are highlighted in conjunction with a thorough examination of the signaling pathways reported when investigating these bioceramics and their effect on cellular response/behavior. Lastly, we summarize the clinical potential and translation opportunities of personalized bioceramics for craniomaxillofacial bone regeneration.
Oscillometric blood pressure measurements on smartphones using vibrometric force estimation
Authors: Barry Colin , Xuan Yinan , Fascetti Ava , Moore Alison , Wang Edward Jay
Published: October 2024

This paper proposes a smartphone-based method for measuring Blood Pressure (BP) using the oscillometric method. For oscillometry, it is necessary to measure (1) the pressure applied to the artery and (2) the local blood volume change. This is accomplished by performing an oscillometric measurement at the finger’s digital artery, whereby a user presses down on the phone’s camera with steadily increasing force. The camera is used to capture the blood volume change using photoplethysmography. We devised a novel method for measuring the force applied of the finger without the use of specialized smartphone hardware with a technique called Vibrometric Force Estimation (VFE). The fundamental concept of VFE relies on a phenomenon where a vibrating object is dampened when an external force is applied on to it. This phenomenon can be recreated using the phone’s own vibration motor and measured using the phone’s Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). A cross device reliability study with three smartphones of different manufacturers, shape, and prices results in similar force estimation performance across all smartphone models. In an N = 24 proof of concept study of the BP measurement, the smartphone technique achieves a mean absolute error of 9.21 mmHg and 7.77 mmHg of systolic and diastolic BP, respectively, compared to an FDA approved BP cuff. The vision for this technology is not necessarily to replace existing BP monitoring solutions, but rather to introduce a downloadable smartphone software application that could serve as a low-barrier hypertension screening measurement fit for widespread adoption.
Super-resolution Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Han Hai-Hao , He Xiao-Peng
Published: October 2024

Our current understanding of living systems has advanced to the level of individual cells. However, there is still a pressing need to more precisely visualize the microstructure of cells, as well as the dynamic actions of biomolecules therein, including molecular translocation and chemical modifications (e.g. epigenetics and post-translational modification) at the molecular level in real time. Fluorescence microscopy permits non-invasive imaging of biomolecules in living cells, but its resolution is limited by diffraction. While electron microscopy provides a higher resolution, it requires fixed cells to be used, thus compromising the fidelity of the structural and functional information of biomacromolecules. Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) has emerged as a groundbreaking technology that addresses the diffraction limit issue, and enables high-resolution imaging of subcellular as well as biomolecular structures. The advent of SRFM has significantly advanced our understanding of how cellular structures are exquisitely organized, and how biomolecules interact with each other to modulate cell fate. This chapter will discuss the recent progress in the use of various SRFM-based techniques for the structural and functional imaging of cells. The diverse fluorescent agents developed for SRFMs will also be summarized.
Fluorescence Imaging in Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: George Jiya Mary , An Jusung , Yoon Changyu , Kim Dongeun , Sharma Sheetal , Sharma Amit , Kim Jong Seung
Published: October 2024

Over the past decade, there has been a burgeoning focus on exploring molecular-based drug delivery systems tailored for selective targeting in cancer research. This emerging field within cancer therapy offers a viable alternative to conventional anticancer drugs, with potential benefits such as cancer-selective uptake, minimal off-target toxicity, and the capability of active tumor targeting. These systems consist of a cancer-targeting unit, a fluorophore reporter connected to anticancer drugs through a labile chemical linker. The incorporation of a fluorophore not only facilitates a comprehensive understanding of the drug’s specific action on the target, but also enables the monitoring and tracking of its therapeutic response. In this chapter, we shed light on the pivotal role of fluorescence in the development of drug delivery systems, aiming to enhance therapeutic efficacy and lay the groundwork for the future of personalized cancer medicine.
Recent progress of porphyrin metal–organic frameworks for combined photodynamic therapy and hypoxia-activated chemotherapy
Authors: Zhang Qiuyun , Wang Xiaohui , Chen Jiayi , Wu Junjie , Zhou Mengjiao , Xia Rui , Wang Weiqi , Zheng Xiaohua , Xie Zhigang
Published: October 2024

Hypoxia limits the phototherapeutic efficacy of porphyrin-based nMOFs; loading with hypoxia-activated drug TPZ enhances combined PDT and chemotherapy effects.
High-throughput centrifugal evaporation for mesoporous alumina powder synthesis via evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA)
Authors: Wakabayashi Ryutaro
Published: October 2024

A centrifugal evaporator offers high-throughput synthesis of mesoporous alumina powders through rapid solvent evaporation from multiple samples.
Cyrene™ as a green alternative to N,N′-dimethylformamide (DMF) in the synthesis of MLCT-emissive ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl complexes for biological applications
Authors: James Steffan D. , Elgar Christopher E. , Chen Dandan , Lewis Matthew I. , Ash Elias T. L. , Conway Dominic S. , Tuckley Benjamin J. , Phillips Leigh E. , Kolozsvári Natália , Tian Xiaohe , Gill Martin R.
Published: October 2024

Cyrene™ as a green alternative to N,N′-dimethylformamide (DMF) in the synthesis of ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl complexes was explored.
Oxaphosphiranes: isolable phosphorus-containing epoxide rings
Authors: Volk Niklas , García Alcaraz Antonio , Balasubramaniam Selvakumar , Heumann Jannik , Schnakenburg Gregor , Espinosa Ferao Arturo , Streubel Rainer
Published: October 2024

A new efficient protocol for the synthesis of isolable oxaphosphiranes based on easy decomplexation is described. Theoretical studies unveil a singlet carbene-like FMO situation at phosphorus explaining the reactions with oxidants, acids and bases.
Metal speciation of volcanic aerosols from Mt. Etna at varying aerosol water content and pH obtained by different thermodynamic models
Authors: Hull Tegan , D'Aronco Sara , Crumeyrolle Suzanne , Hanoune Benjamin , Giammanco Salvatore , La Spina Alessandro , Salerno Giuseppe , Soldà Lidia , Badocco Denis , Pastore Paolo , Sellitto Pasquale , Giorio Chiara
Published: October 2024

Metal speciation of volcanic aerosol from Mt Etna, an open vent, persistently degassing volcano in Europe.
Efficient racemization of the pharmaceutical compound Levetiracetam using solvent-free mechanochemistry
Authors: Lopes Chrystal , Casali Lucia , Emmerling Franziska , Leyssens Tom , Dupray Valérie , Brandel Clement , Cartigny Yohann
Published: October 2024

An effective and fast solvent-free mechanochemical racemization of an API by controlling experimental key parameters.
Electron beam-assisted synthesis of porous Cu2MoS4 nanocubes for efficient all-pH electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Wang Zening , Huang Shoushuang , Wang Hongyong , Wu Minghong
Published: October 2024

In this work, mesoporous Cu2MoS4 nanocubes with I-phase were rapidly synthesized via a novel electron beam irradiation-assisted method, which exhibits excellent catalytic activity for HER in all-pH range.
Non-conventional luminescent π-organogels with a rigid chemical structure
Authors: Chen Shuzhan , Luo Dan , Geng Peng , Lan Haichuang , Xiao Shuzhang
Published: October 2024

This review highlights the structures, photoluminescent properties, and applications of non-conventional organogels, and discusses future perspectives and challenges in this emerging field.
Removal of gaseous Hg0 by Cl-loaded carbonaceous material prepared from rice husk
Authors: Tsubouchi Naoto , Yoshizawa Momone , Bud Javzandogole , Mochizuki Yuuki
Published: October 2024

The main objective of this study was to investigate the removal of gaseous Hg0 from the residue obtained during the chlorination of rice husk char to recover silica.
ProBID-Net: a deep learning model for protein–protein binding interface design
Authors: Chen Zhihang , Ji Menglin , Qian Jie , Zhang Zhe , Zhang Xiangying , Gao Haotian , Wang Haojie , Wang Renxiao , Qi Yifei
Published: October 2024

ProBID-Net is a deep-learning model for designing amino acids on protein–protein binding interfaces.
NeoMProbe: a new class of fluorescent cellular and tissue membrane probe
Authors: Anand Saurabh , Bhoge Preeti Ravindra , Raigawali Rakesh , Saladi Srinivas Vinod , Kikkeri Raghavendra
Published: October 2024

A new class of plasma membrane and basement membrane probe derived from heparan sulfate proteoglycan is reported.
Harnessing solid-state technology for next-generation iron–air batteries
Authors: Sun Bingqian , Wang Hao , Peng Cheng
Published: October 2024

Iron–air batteries represent a promising candidate for large-scale energy storage due to their sustainable advantages. Solid-state design is a crucial strategy for enhancing the performance of iron–air batteries.
Thin free-standing liquid films manipulation: device design to turn on/off gravity in flow regimes for thickness map control and for material structuring
Authors: Iaccarino Paolo , Wang Zhe , Marfuggi Andrea , Russo Simone , Ferraro Vincenzo , Vitiello Giuseppe , Coppola Sara , Di Maio Ernesto
Published: October 2024

We design a device to control liquid film drainage, able to switch between viscous-capillary and viscous-gravity regimes to stabilize thickness and modify particle arrangement, offering potential for film studies and 2D structure fabrication.
Retraction: Self-assembled organic nanotubes embedding hydrophobic molecules within solid bilayer membranes
Authors: Kameta Naohiro , Asakawa Masumi , Masuda Mitsutoshi , Shimizu Toshimi
Published: October 2024

Retraction of ‘Self-assembled organic nanotubes embedding hydrophobic molecules within solid bilayer membranes’ by Naohiro Kameta et al., Soft Matter, 2011, 7, 85–90, https://doi.org/10.1039/C0SM00375A.
CeNiO3 perovskite nanoparticles synthesized using gelatin as a chelating agent for CO2 dry reforming of methane
Authors: Zahid Usman , Sarifuddin Wahid Sidik , Mahadi Abdul Hanif , Holilah  , Prasetyoko Didik , Bahruji Hasliza
Published: October 2024

Dry reforming of methane on CeNiO3 nanoparticles.
Recovery of graphite from industrial lithium-ion battery black mass
Authors: Wei Xiaochu , Guo Zhenyu , Zhao Yuanzhu , Sun Yuqing , Hankin Anna , Titirici Magda
Published: October 2024

A streamlined workflow is established for the recovery of graphite from industrial lithium-ion battery black mass, which could be seamlessly integrated into the existing cathode materials recycling processes developed in the industry.
Construction of Co/Co2P/VN heterointerfaces enhances trifunctional hydrogen and oxygen catalytic reactions
Authors: Huang Yixuan , Li Mengyao , Liu Zhenting , Lin Chun-Ho , Guan Peiyuan , Feng Zijian , Zhou Yingze , Dong Zekun , Wang Jinbo , Liu Chao , Huang Shihao , Wan Tao , Li Xiaoyi , Han Zhaojun , Chu Dewei
Published: October 2024

A novel Co/Co2P/VN catalyst with abundant heterointerfaces exhibited excellent HER (111 mV at 10 mA cm−2), OER (379 mV at 10 mA cm−2), and ORR performance (E1/2 = 0.865 V) due to the synergistic effect of active components.
Massive reduction in lattice thermal conductivity and strongly enhanced thermoelectric properties in Ge- and Se-doped CoSbS
Authors: Kousar H. Sajida , Srivastava Divya , Karttunen Antti J. , Karppinen Maarit , Tewari Girish C.
Published: October 2024

Ge-substitution in CoSbS significantly enhances electrical conductivity and reduces lattice thermal conductivity via point defect scattering, leading to improved thermoelectric properties.
Recent advances in two-dimensional materials for drug delivery
Authors: Zhang Ranran , Yan Zichao , Gao Ming , Zheng Bingxin , Yue Bin , Qiu Meng
Published: October 2024

This review summarizes the classification and methods for the fabrication of emerging 2D nanomaterials and emphasizes their distinctive properties and biomedical applications that distinguish them from traditional nanomaterials.
Recent advances of versatile fluorophores for multifunctional biomedical imaging in the NIR-II region
Authors: Ma Kaiming , Jiang Qunying , Yang Yang , Zhang Fan
Published: October 2024

This review first outlines the advantages of fluorescence imaging in the NIR-II region, followed by a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in NIR-II fluorophores and their versatile applications in biomedical imaging.
Interlaced NiCoO2 nanoparticle/nanosheet films for electrochromic energy storage devices with wide-band optical modulation and robust stability
Authors: Liu Yongchao , Zhong Yu , Liu Huanhuan , Lei Pengyang , Liu Shiyou , Wang Jinhui , Cai Guofa
Published: October 2024

A uniform NiCoO2 film with an interlaced nanoparticle/nanosheet structure was successfully grown on transparent conductive substrates for transparent-to-brownish grey electrochromic smart windows with improved cyclic stability.
Adaptive robust self‐scheduling for a wind‐based GenCo equipped with power‐to‐gas system and gas turbine to participate in electricity and natural gas markets
Authors: Fereydani Mojtaba , Latify Mohammad Amin
Published: October 2024

Integrating renewable energy, particularly wind generation, into power systems brings significant uncertainty and intermittency, challenging generation companies (GenCos) to maintain economic operations. This paper proposes a strategy for a wind‐based GenCo equipped with a gas turbine and a power‐to‐gas (PtG) system to balance wind variability. The gas turbine offsets power shortfalls by consuming natural gas, while the PtG system absorbs excess wind energy, converting it to natural gas and injecting it into the natural gas network as a form of storage. The GenCo operates in day‐ahead electricity and natural gas markets and the real‐time electricity market, addressing uncertainties from wind output, energy prices, and natural gas access. A tri‐level adaptive robust optimization model is introduced for the GenCo’s short‐term operational scheduling. At the first level, decisions related to the GenCo's participation in the day‐ahead electricity and natural gas markets are made. The second level deals with determining the worst‐case realization of the uncertainties, constrained by the budget of uncertainty and the limited range of variations of uncertain variables. The third level sets the operational strategy on the actual day, considering power and gas balance, as well as constraints for the wind farm, gas turbine, and PtG unit. A column & constraint generation (C&CG) algorithm is used to solve the model. Numerical results demonstrate the model’s effectiveness in various case studies, showing that the GenCo can manage wind uncertainties, benefit from arbitrage opportunities in electricity and gas markets, and improve economic outcomes. This approach supports the broader integration of renewable energy into power systems.
Simultaneous single image super‐resolution and blind Gaussian denoising via slim ghost full‐frequency residual blocks
Authors: Farhangfar Saghar , Baradarani Aryaz , Asadpour Mohammad , Balafar Mohammad Ali , Maev Roman Gr.
Published: October 2024

Given that super‐resolution (SR) aims to recover lost information, and low‐resolution (LR) images in real‐world conditions might be corrupted with multiple degradations, considering basic bicubic down‐sampling as the sole degradation significantly limits the performance of most existing SR models. This paper presents a model for simultaneous super‐resolution and blind additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) denoising with two components (netdeg and netSR) that is based on a generative adversarial network (GAN) to achieve detailed results. netdeg, featuring residual and innovative cost‐effective ghost residual blocks with a frequency separation module for obtaining long‐range information, blindly restores a clean version of the LR image. netSR leverages slim ghost full‐frequency residual blocks to process low‐frequency (LF) and high‐frequency (HF) information via static large convolutions and pixel‐wise highlighted input‐adaptive dynamic convolutions, respectively. To address the susceptibility of dynamic layers to noise and preserve feature diversity while reducing model’s costs, static and dynamic layer features are combined and highlighted. Diverse and non‐redundant features are then processed using ghost‐style blocks. The proposed model achieves comparable SR results in bicubic down‐sampling scenarios, outperform existing SR methods in the complex task of concurrent SR and AWGN denoising, and demonstrate robustness in handling images corrupted with varying levels of AWGN.
Design and Simulation of a silicon electro-optic microring switch with a graphene modulating layer
Authors: Hashemi Babak , Crisci Teresa , Mameri Mohamed , Vergari Stefano , Gradassi Fabrizio , Casalino Maurizio , Della Corte Francesco Giuseppe
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive simulation study on the design and simulation of an electro-optic ring switch utilizing graphene material. The switch employs the electrically Tunable Refractive Index by graphene to modulate the transmission characteristics within a ring resonator structure. By applying an electrical voltage ranging from -6 to -10V, significant changes are noticed in the output ports' transmission characteristics. In particular, the transmission through the output ports varies between 81% to 18% for output port n.1 and 21% to 83%for output port no.2, proving that signal propagation can be effectively controlled and manipulated. In addition to demonstrating the electro-absorption capabilities of graphene, this study explores the complex mechanics involved in the switching process. The relationship between the applied voltage and the optical characteristics of graphene is clarified by thorough simulations, providing insight into the switch's dynamic behavior. Furthermore, the efficiency, response time, and Electrical bandwidth of the device are discussed, offering a glimpse into its possible use in photonic integrated circuits and telecommunications. Overall, this study not only unveils the promising prospects of graphene-based electro-optic ring switches but also contributes to advancing the understanding of novel materials for next-generation photonic devices.
Strong coupling between photonic modes of stripe microcavities and intersubband transitions in Ge/SiGe multiple quantum wells
Authors: Faverzani Marco , Calcaterra Stefano , Biagioni Paolo , Frigerio Jacopo
Published: October 2024

In this work, we assessed by means of numerical simulations the observability of mid-infrared intersubband polaritons in hole-doped Ge/SiGe multiple quantum wells embedded into stripe microcavities consisting of an upper gold grating and a bottom highly n-doped SiGe mirror.