bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PreoperativeGNASandKRASTesting in the Diagnosis of Pancreatic Mucinous Cysts
Authors: Singhi Aatur D. , Nikiforova Marina N. , Fasanella Kenneth E. , McGrath Kevin M. , Pai Reetesh K. , Ohori N. Paul , Bartholow Tanner L. , Brand Randall E. , Chennat Jennifer S. , Lu Xuong , Papachristou Georgios I. , Slivka Adam , Zeh Herbert J. , Zureikat Amer H. , Lee Kenneth K. , Tsung Allan , Mantha Geeta S. , Khalid Asif
Published: June 2014

Purpose: Management guidelines for pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) and mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCN) are based on the assumption that mucinous cysts can be accurately distinguished from other pancreatic cystic lesions. Previous studies using surgical material have identified recurrent mutations in GNAS and KRAS in pancreatic mucinous neoplasms. Yet, the diagnostic utility of testing for both genes in pancreatic cyst fluid obtained by endoscopic ultrasound–fine-needle aspiration (EUS–FNA) remains unclear.

Experimental Design: GNAS and KRAS testing was performed on EUS–FNA pancreatic cyst fluid from 91 pancreatic cysts: 41 IPMNs, 9 IPMNs with adenocarcinoma, 16 MCNs, 10 cystic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNET), 9 serous cystadenomas (SCA), 3 retention cysts, 2 pseudocysts, and 1 lymphoepithelial cyst.

Results: Mutations in GNAS were detected in 16 (39%) IPMNs and 2 (22%) IPMNs with adenocarcinoma. KRAS mutations were identified in 28 (68%) IPMNs, 7 (78%) IPMNs with adenocarcinoma, and 1 (6%) MCN. Mutations in either gene were present in 34 (83%) IPMNs, 8 (89%) IPMNs with adenocarcinoma, and 1 (6%) MCN. No mutations were found in cystic PanNETs, SCAs, retention cysts, pseudocysts, and a lymphoepithelial cyst. GNAS and KRAS mutations had 100% specificity [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.83–1.00] but 65% sensitivity (95% CI, 0.52–0.76) for mucinous differentiation. Among IPMNs, mutations in either gene had 98% specificity (95% CI, 0.86–1.00) and 84% sensitivity (95% CI, 0.70–0.92).

Conclusions: The combination of GNAS and KRAS testing was highly specific and sensitive for IPMNs; however, the lack of sensitivity for MCNs highlights the need for additional markers to improve the detection of pancreatic mucinous neoplasms. Clin Cancer Res; 20(16); 4381–9. ©2014 AACR.
Oncogenic Ras/ERK Signaling Activates CDCP1 to Promote Tumor Invasion and Metastasis
Authors: Uekita Takamasa , Fujii Satoko , Miyazawa Yuri , Iwakawa Reika , Narisawa-Saito Mako , Nakashima Katsuhiko , Tsuta Koji , Tsuda Hitoshi , Kiyono Tohru , Yokota Jun , Sakai Ryuichi
Published: June 2014

Involvement of Ras in cancer initiation is known, but recent evidence indicates a role in cancer progression, including metastasis and invasion; however, the mechanism is still unknown. In this study, it was determined that human lung cancer cells with Ras mutations, among other popular mutations, showed significantly higher expression of CUB domain–containing protein 1 (CDCP1) than those without. Furthermore, activated Ras clearly induced CDCP1, whereas CDCP1 knockdown or inhibition of CDCP1 phosphorylation by Src-directed therapy abrogated anoikis resistance, migration, and invasion induced by activated-Ras. Activation of MMP2 and secretion of MMP9, in a model of Ras-induced invasion, was found to be regulated through induction of phosphorylated CDCP1. Thus, CDCP1 is required for the functional link between Ras and Src signaling during the multistage development of human malignant tumors, highlighting CDCP1 as a potent target for treatment in the broad spectrum of human cancers associated with these oncogenes.

Implications: CDCP1 protein induced by oncogenic Ras/Erk signaling is essential for Ras-mediated metastatic potential of cancer cells. Mol Cancer Res; 12(10); 1449–59. ©2014 AACR.
Differential Associations of Dopamine-Related Polymorphisms with Discrete Components of Reaction Time Variability: Relevance for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Grant Phillip , Kuepper Yvonne , Wielpuetz Catrin , Hennig Jürgen
Published: June 2014

Background: Reaction time variability (RTV) is considered a valid endophenotype of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It is also often used to examine the efficacy of drug treatment or individual patients' treatment responses and has been furthermore suggested to significantly reduce the potential number of false-positive diagnoses. Among the most commonly investigated candidate genes for ADHD are DRD2, SLC6A3 (DAT), COMT and MAOA. Genetic associations have, however, proven inconclusive or inconsistent. Methods: Due to the complexity of dopaminergic neurotransmission in the two distinct prosencephalic dopamine pathways, we examined whether the effects of dopamine-related candidate polymorphisms in the genes DRD2, SLC6A3, COMT and MAOA may be differentially associated with discrete subcomponents of RTV, rather than global RTV. A total of 260 healthy volunteers were genotyped for the aforementioned polymorphisms and performed a reaction time paradigm able to distinguish between sensory and motor reaction time. Results: We found that functional polymorphisms in the genes encoding for dopamine-catabolizing enzymes (i.e. COMT and MAOA) are associated with motor RTV but not with sensory RTV, whereas vice versa the gene DRD2 influences sensory but not motor RTV. No significant associations for the gene SLC6A3 (DAT) were found. Conclusions: Our results give new insight into the inconsistent state of the literature regarding genetic associations of RTV and clearly show that the examination of subcomponents thereof explains far more variance compared to global RTV. This could be of great relevance to the use of RTV in basic research, clinical diagnostics and pharmacological studies examining the efficacy of novel drug treatments.
A construção da religião como uma categoria antropológica
Authors: Asad Talal
Published: June 2014

traduzido de:ASAD, Talal. Genealogies os religion. pp. 27-54. Copyright 1993 The Johns Hopkins University Press. Translated with permission os the Johns Hopkins University Press.tradução: BRUNO REINHARDT; EDUARDO DULLOrevisão técnica: DIANA PAOLA GÓMEZ MATEUS
Por uma nova leitura do Evolucionismo
Authors: Mainardi Camila , Aquino Carlos Filadelfo de , Estorniolo Milena , Gaspar Samantha dos Santos
Published: June 2014

Neste ano de 2011, os livros O Direito Materno, de Johann Bachofen, e Lei Antiga, de Henry Maine, completam 150 anos de publicação; e as obras Sistemas de Consanguinidade e Afinidade da Família Humana, de Lewis Morgan, e Cultura Primitiva, de Edward Tylor, completam 140 anos. A Cadernos de Campo, em homenagem a essas datas, apresenta como tema de sua seção especial o Evolucionismo.
Edward Tylor e a extraordinária evolução religiosa da humanidade
Authors: Rosa Frederico Delgado
Published: June 2014

Contrariamente a  certas ideias fei-tas  sobre a Antropologia vitoriana, o presente ar-tigo procura demonstrar que Edward Tylor nãoprocurou acentuar as diferenças entre nós e os sel-vagens, mas, pelo contrário, demonstrar a comu-nhão profunda entre as religiões de uns e outros.A humanidade dita civilizada não vivia num está-dio de ciência, mas num mundo impregnado deanimismo, de caóticas contradições entre as cren-ças adaptadas pela erudição teológica, as merassobrevivências sem sentido e os ressurgimentos defenómenos espiritistas que se julgavam há muitodesaparecidos. Mais do que um exemplo de evo-lucionismo dogmático, sua obra Primitive Cultureé uma tentativa de responder à questão das repeti-ções de conteúdo e das limitações flagrantes ou bá-sicas do pensamento humano, em todos os tempose lugares, em matéria de imaginação de entidadessobrenaturais. Questão demasiado ambiciosa oudemasiado ingénua, foi abandonada pela Antropo-logia do século XX e continua sem outra resposta.
Os Ranchos pedem passagem
Authors: Ribeiro Ana Paulo Alves
Published: June 2014

GONÇALVES, Renata de Sá. Os Ranchos pedem passagem.Mundialmente conhecido e objeto de diversaspesquisas, músicas e filmes, o carnaval carioca jáassumiu diversas formas até os dias atuais, modi-ficando-se, sobretudo, no que se refere à interaçãoentre os diversos atores e aos papéis assumidos pe-las camadas populares no seu processo.
O Capital da Esperança: a experiência dos trabalhadores na construção de Brasília
Authors: Mesomo Juliana
Published: June 2014

RIBEIRO, Gustavo Lins. O Capital da Esperança: a experiência dos trabalhadores na construção de Brasília. Brasília: Editora da Universidade de Brasília, 2008. 276p.Em 2010, Brasília completa 50 anos deexistência, de acordo com o calendário oficial,que data como sua inauguração o dia 21 deabril de 1960. Ainda hoje, as imagens evocadaspara contar a história da capital são os grandesestandartes relacionados ao desenvolvimento,ao lado das bandeiras de integração nacional,democratização e modernização do Brasil. Aspersonalidades primeiramente lembradas sãoos “grandes homens”, que encarnam, até hoje,o sentimento de vanguarda e pioneirismo quederam sentido à obra: o presidente JuscelinoKubitschek, o urbanista Lúcio Costa, o arqui-teto Oscar Niemeyer. As características maisemblemáticas na descrição da cidade são agrandeza das suas construções, a arquiteturamodernista, o feito de uma grande Capital tersido erguida em meio ao árido cerrado, no cen-tro do território nacional. No entanto, Brasíliapossui uma história prévia a sua inauguração,que conta sobre um país excluído dessas proje-ções ufanistas: o país das desigualdades regio-nais, do Estado repressor, da hierarquia social,da superexploração do trabalho.
Editorial
Authors: Editorial Comissão
Published: June 2014

Editorial
Declaração UNiversal dos Direitos Coletivos dos Povos: Conferência de Nações sem Estado da Europa
Authors: Massip Clara
Published: June 2014

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Investidas invertidas: performance e política na obra de Kent Monkman/Mischief
Authors: Bertolossi Leonardo Carvalho
Published: June 2014

Entre 2007 e 2008, esteve em exibição no National Museum of the American Indian, a exposição “Remix: New Modernities in a Post-Indian World”, composta por 15 artistas indígenas mestiços, que através de seus trabalhos problematizaram as fronteiras da autenticidade, da criatividade das indianidades contemporâneas, e do sentido de afirmar-se indígena hoje. Black Indians, Gay Native, dilemas da cibercultura, dentre outras imagens estiveram presentes nas remixagens “pós-indígenas”, que experimentaram novas acepções sobre corpo, gênero, etnicidade, territorialidade e transitorialidade. O objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre a produção de Kent Monkman, gay, ascendência cree, desde esta exposição até a atualidade. Através da personagem drag-queen half-breed Miss Chief, inspirada na cantora Cher, e constituída em suas pinturas, fotografias e vídeo-arte, Monkman tem realizado performances reinventando a romântica imagística oitocentista que inscreve os “noble savage” em sublimes paisagens, questionando estereótipos da sexualidade na conquista européia e explorando relações com xenofobia e imperialismo. Criticado como “erótica do genocídio”, o “trickster” afirma que objetiva inverter poderes e papéis sexuais indígenas tradicionais à ampliação da reflexão sobre o “third gender” nos mundos indígenas norte-americanos. Evocando os “two-spirited”, criticando a mitologia do ultra-macho indígena ao destacar as “perversões” entre índios e brancos, Monkman pergunta-se: quem “desloca” quem?
Uma antropologia nativa da família verde-e-rosa ou conceito nativo. Por que ver rizoma onde nos mostram uma magueira frondosa?
Authors: Carneiro Ana
Published: June 2014

Ao iniciar pesquisa de campo no Morro da Mangueira, recebi o alerta: “você tem que ter compromisso, dar um retorno para a comunidade”. Relatavam-me que o “patrimônio cultural da Mangueira” vinha sendo “roubado” por “gente da sociedade”. E, ao relacionar as noções de “comunidade” e “sociedade”, explicavam-me, “a Mangueira é uma família”. O artigo explora este discurso mangueirense, ouvido em geral nos espaços de interface entre “comunidade” e “sociedade”. Ali, a noção de “família verde e rosa” serve de eixo a partir do qual se recompõem noções características à produção discursiva das ciências sociais, tais como “patrimônio cultural”, “comunidade” e “sociedade”. Esta ideia particular de “família”, formada por não-consanguíneos, é frequentemente descrita como “uma árvore cheia de frutos” e aciona um modelo particular de relação de alteridade, fazendo surgir na análise conceitos como os de rede e rizoma. Mas por que ver rizoma se nos mostram uma árvore?
A invenção da representação: breve reflexão sobre a noção de representação
Authors: Machado Bernardo Fonseca
Published: June 2014

A noção de representação é um tema caro à antropologia. Pretendo contribuir, de maneira singela, para a discussão sobre o assunto valendo-me de perspectivas oriundas de áreas diversas, tentando estabelecer um diálogo entre as mesmas. A teoria teatral, a historiografia helênica e a antropologia contemporânea são as grandes áreas que servem de mote para a reflexão. Na teoria teatral contemporânea vemos um debate entre ensaístas que buscam pensar os espetáculos não mais como representações miméticas da realidade, mas como experiências cênicas. Valho-me de alguns historiadores, mais especificamente dois helenistas, para refletir sobre os modos de representação no mundo grego e, a partir deles, compreender o que esses modos dizem sobre nós Ocidentais. Por último, lanço mão da teoria de Roy Wagner para torcer os significados e pensar a representação sob outros termos.
Raça, cor, cor da pele e etnia
Authors: Guimarães Antônio Sérgio Alfredo
Published: June 2014

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Política, economia e mediação simbólica: Notas etnográficas sobre a constituição da chefia social a partir da experiência do Camelódromo de Porto Alegre?
Authors: Kopper Moisés
Published: June 2014

Este trabalho problematiza as disputas e processos de instituição do Centro Popular de Compras – popular “Camelódromo” – na Região Centro de Porto Alegre/RS. Com base na realização de observação participante multi-situada, discute-se, de um lado, as estratégias de governamentalidade associadas à força persuasiva do Estado, ao colocar a necessidade de higienização e urbanização do espaço público e, com ela, o deslocamento espacial e identitário de trabalhadores informais das ruas para a visibilidade jurídico-formal. De outro lado, questiona-se os modelos de gestão do Estado subjacentes às Parcerias Público-Privadas, à luz de sua contextualização local, isto é, dos camelôs afetados pelo processo de transição. O acompanhamento etnográfico dos itinerários de seu líder comunitário – Juliano Fripp –, conectando diferentes espaços da esfera pública (Câmara Municipal, Ministério Público, Prefeitura, Orçamento Participativo) às expectativas do grupo, permite entrever como se conguram as tensões mais amplas em torno dos processos político-econômicos que atravessam a instituição do Camelódromo.
Economia solidária & visão de mundo: a perspectiva biográfica
Authors: Gonçalves Alicia Ferreira
Published: June 2014

Este artigo apresenta a narrativa biográficaa de um poeta popular nascido no sertão do Estado do Ceará. A narrativa biográca de Manoel Evangelista de Brito leva-nos a uma incursão ao universo simbólico do homem sertanejo que se transforma com e na história. Acompanhando o sinal dos tempos, nosso poeta é contemporâneo, um homem de seu tempo. De pequeno agricultor sem-terra no sertão cearense, metamorfoseia-se em crítico da política neoliberal e militante da economia solidária na capital. Em sua trajetória há um deslocamento geográco e simbólico que articula dois planos: estrutura e história. A partir da abordagem biográfica desenvolvida ao longo do artigo podemos apreender o seu valor heurístico para a construção de um conhecimento antropológico dos processos contemporâneos de mudanças (em comunidadespobres) e dos processos que envolvem a (re) significação da estrutura pelos sujeitos sociais.
Futuros Antropológicos: redefinindo a cultura na era tecnológica
Authors: Silva Thamires de Lima e
Published: June 2014

Fischer, Michael M. J. Futuros Antropológicos: redefinindo a cultura na era tecnológica. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar, 2011, 294 p.
O que é que uma diva tem? Cantoras brasileiras, vozes, corpos e poderes vistos por entendidos
Authors: Noleto Rafael da Silva
Published: June 2014

Dentro de certas redes de sociabilidade homossexual, o adjetivo “poderosa” e frequentemente acionado como um marcador destinado a classificacao, hierarquizacao, comparacao, qualificação e representacao de idolos femininos admirados por homens homossexuais. Partindo de etnografia realizada em Belem (Para), este texto objetiva compreender quais as nocoes de poder articuladas por homens homossexuais – com identidade e performance de genero reconhecidas, por eles, como masculinas – para designar suas cantoras favoritas. Evidenciando que, na maioria dos discursos, esse “poder” das cantoras transcende predicados estritamente musicais e se revela inscrito na totalidade performatica de seus corpos, este artigo visa discutir acerca dos “poderes”, “perigos”, “centralidades” e “periferias” do corpo.
Heidegger, Ingold e as (zoo)técnicas: uma discussão a partir da bovinocultura de corte brasileira
Authors: Sordi Caetano
Published: June 2014

Este artigo discute os sentidos da zootecnia a partir de um ponto de vista heideggeriano, esboçado pelo autor em “A questão da técnica” [Die frage nach der Technik], de 1953. O artigo articula a discussão sobre a zootecnia com o trabalho de campo etnográfico realizado em eventos públicos da pecuária de corte brasileira ao longo dos anos de 2011-2012. O objetivo da pesquisa fora registrar como o estatuto ontológico dos animais de produção é construído pelos discursos do agronegócio brasileiro. Tomando a obra de Ingold como mediação entre a discussão proposta por Heidegger e o escopo etnográfico original, delineia-se uma reflexão sobre a colocação em “disponibilidade” dos corpos animais através da zootecnia moderna e seus saberes correlatos.
A itinerância da vida manoki
Authors: Lopes André
Published: June 2014

Durante a vida das pessoas manoki diversas fases se sucedem e, com elas, certos afazeres tornam-se mais ou menos corriqueiros, cotidianos ou mesmo imprescindíveis. No entanto, observa-se uma itinerância permanente na maior parte dessas atividades, em pessoas de todas as idades.O modo manoki de vivenciar o cotidiano é muito marcado por um caráter periódico e sazonal, já que inúmeras atividades são abandonadas, mas voltam a ser realizadas em contextos distintos.Apesar de enfatizar aqui a produção indígena numa acepção mais econômica, é importante compreendê-la em um sentido amplo: como atividade que faça parte da fabricação de objetos, alimentos, pessoas, eventos ou relações. Podemos notar diversos exemplos dessa itinerância produtiva durante a vida de uma pessoa manoki. (continua)
Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-brasileira (UNILAB)
Authors: Editor O
Published: June 2014

Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-brasileira (UNILAB)
Interagir é fazer? Uma descrição de uma exposição de arte digital e interativa
Authors: Malgarin Filho Marcello da Silva , Krischke Leitão Débora
Published: June 2014

O advento do digital e da comunicação em rede trouxe novas possibilidades no fazer artístico. É comum vermos teóricos do campo das artes e da comunicação anunciarem as rupturas trazidas pelo advento do digital como o fim da obra de arte fechada, acabada e contemplativa, a dicotomia entre autor e público, natureza e cultura, homem e máquina. Todavia, através do trabalho de campo e do contato com interlocutores ligados a projetos de arte interativa, questiono a hegemonia dessas considerações no que diz respeito ao posicionamento do espectador diante da arte digital, como esta dialoga com uma cibercultura já consolidada e com a noção tradicional da arte. Conceitos como interface, interatividade, virtualidade adentram o campo das artes. Tenho como proposta pensar a agência das obras de artes e dos espaços artísticos dentro dessa conceituação e transformação citados. Para tal, primeiramente, elegi como campo sites de construção e divulgação de netart interativa. Entretanto, dentro do ambiente online torna-se difícil, senão impossível, ter ideia da dimensão que a interação e que a plataforma em si proporcionam ao espectador. Dessa forma, observei a exposição Emoção Art.Ficial, em São Paulo, na qual pude coletar material para realização de meu trabalho.
Incidence, Predictors, and Implications of Reinfarction After Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Stone Samantha G. , Serrao Gregory W. , Mehran Roxana , Tomey Matthew I. , Witzenbichler Bernhard , Guagliumi Giulio , Peruga Jan Z. , Brodie Bruce R. , Dudek Dariusz , Möckel Martin , Brener Sorin J. , Dangas George , Stone Gregg W.
Published: June 2014

Background—

Reinfarction after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction has negative consequences. Little is known about reinfarction after drug-eluting stents and bivalirudin anticoagulation. We, therefore, sought to determine the incidence, predictors, and implications of reinfarction after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in the contemporary era.

Methods and Results—

Outcomes were assessed in 3202 patients undergoing stent implantation for ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction in the Harmonizing Outcomes with RevascularIZatiON and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction (HORIZONS-AMI) trial. Independent predictors of reinfarction and mortality were identified by Cox proportional hazards modeling. The cumulative incidence of reinfarction was 1.8% at 30 days, 4.0% at 1 year, and 6.9% at 3 years. Definite stent thrombosis was responsible for 76.3% of reinfarctions occurring within 30 days and 52.0% of all reinfarctions within 3 years. Independent predictors of reinfarction were current smoking, Killip class ≥2, baseline thrombocytosis, multivessel disease, symptom onset-to-balloon time, and total stent length. Randomization to bivalirudin versus heparin plus a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor and use of drug-eluting versus bare metal stents were not significant predictors of reinfarction. Reinfarction was a powerful independent predictor of subsequent cardiac mortality (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]=7.65 [4.47–13.09];
P
<0.0001) and all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]=2.88 [1.74–4.78];
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions—

Despite advances in pharmacotherapy and stents, reinfarction after primary percutaneous coronary intervention is not infrequent, in the contemporary era is most often attributable to stent thrombosis, and is strongly associated with subsequent cardiac and all-cause mortality. Further enhancements in drugs and devices to prevent reinfarction are needed to improve outcomes in high-risk patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00433966.
Socioeconomic Inequalities in Stroke Incidence Among Migrant Groups
Authors: Agyemang Charles , van Oeffelen Aloysia A. , Norredam Marie , Kappelle L. Jaap , Klijn Catharina J.M. , Bots Michiel L. , Stronks Karien , Vaartjes Ilonca
Published: June 2014

Background and Purpose—

Low socioeconomic status has been linked to high incidence of stroke in industrialized countries; therefore, reducing socioeconomic disparities is an important goal of health policy. The evidence on migrant groups is, however, limited and inconsistent. We assessed socioeconomic inequalities in relation to stroke incidence among major ethnic groups in the Netherlands.

Methods—

A nationwide register-based cohort study was conducted (n=2 397 446) between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2010, among ethnic Dutch and ethnic minority groups. Standardized disposable household income was used as a measure of socioeconomic position.

Results—

Among ethnic Dutch, the incidence of stroke was higher in the low-income group than in the high-income group (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.16–1.20). Similar socioeconomic inequalities in stroke incidence were found among Surinamese (1.36; 1.17–1.58), Indonesians (1.15; 1.03–1.28), Moroccans (1.54; 0.97–2.43), Turkish (1.19; 0.97–1.46), and to a lesser extent among Antilleans (1.24; 0.84–1.84). When compared with ethnic Dutch, the incidence of stroke was lower in Moroccans, similar in Turkish, but higher in Surinamese among all income groups. The incidence of stroke was higher in Indonesian low- and high-income groups than in their ethnic Dutch counterparts. Among Antilleans, the risk of stroke was higher than ethnic Dutch but only in the low-income group.

Conclusions—

Our findings reveal socioeconomic inequalities in stroke incidence among all ethnic groups. Reduction of socioeconomic inequalities in stroke incidence among all ethnic groups may lead to a major public health improvement for all. Policy measures tackling socioeconomic inequalities should take into account the increased risk of stroke among ethnic minority populations.
Impact of Carotid Atherosclerosis on the Risk of Adverse Cardiac Events in Patients With and Without Coronary Disease
Authors: Steinvil Arie , Sadeh Ben , Bornstein Natan M. , Havakuk Ofer , Greenberg Sharon , Arbel Yaron , Konigstein Maayan , Finkelstein Ariel , Banai Shmuel , Halkin Amir
Published: June 2014

Background and Purpose—

Carotid atherosclerosis (CA) is reportedly a strong predictor of imminent cardiac events even in the absence of established coronary artery disease (CAD). We examined the differential impact of CA on the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with and without CAD diagnosed angiographically.

Methods—

We conducted a follow-up survey of 1391 patients who underwent clinically driven coronary angiography and a same-day carotid ultrasound and Doppler study. Definitions of CAD, CA, and carotid artery stenosis were in accordance with current practice guidelines.

Results—

Of 1391 patients, angiographic CAD was present in 1105 (79%) patients. Mean and median follow-up was 1574 and 1702 days, respectively. Rates of the primary composite major adverse cardiovascular event end point were higher among patients with CAD compared with those without CAD (48% versus 20%;
P
<0.001), whereas the rates of all-cause mortality (10% versus 9%;
P
=0.81) and stroke (7% versus 5%;
P
=0.3) did not differ significantly between both groups. Carotid artery stenosis and CA were associated with an increased risk of the composite major adverse cardiovascular event end point among patients without CAD (hazard ratio=3.17 [95% confidence interval, 1.52–6.60];
P
<0.01; and hazard ratio=1.69 [0.95–3.01];
P
=0.07, respectively) though not in patients with CAD. Carotid artery stenosis was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality among patients without CAD (hazard ratio=2.93 [1.09–7.87];
P
=0.03]) though not among those with CAD.

Conclusions—

CA and carotid artery stenosis are independent predictors of major adverse cardiovascular event in patients undergoing coronary angiography. The prognostic implications of carotid disease are imparted predominantly in patients without pre-existent CAD.
A Large-Scale Pseudoword-Based Evaluation Framework for State-of-the-Art Word Sense Disambiguation
Authors: Pilehvar Mohammad Taher , Navigli Roberto
Published: June 2014

The evaluation of several tasks in lexical semantics is often limited by the lack of large amounts of manual annotations, not only for training purposes, but also for testing purposes. Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) is a case in point, as hand-labeled datasets are particularly hard and time-consuming to create. Consequently, evaluations tend to be performed on a small scale, which does not allow for in-depth analysis of the factors that determine a systems' performance.

In this paper we address this issue by means of a realistic simulation of large-scale evaluation for the WSD task. We do this by providing two main contributions: First, we put forward two novel approaches to the wide-coverage generation of semantically aware pseudowords (i.e., artificial words capable of modeling real polysemous words); second, we leverage the most suitable type of pseudoword to create large pseudosense-annotated corpora, which enable a large-scale experimental framework for the comparison of state-of-the-art supervised and knowledge-based algorithms. Using this framework, we study the impact of supervision and knowledge on the two major disambiguation paradigms and perform an in-depth analysis of the factors which affect their performance.
Adaptive Generation in Dialogue Systems Using Dynamic User Modeling
Authors: Janarthanam Srinivasan , Lemon Oliver
Published: June 2014

We address the problem of dynamically modeling and adapting to unknown users in resource-scarce domains in the context of interactive spoken dialogue systems. As an example, we show how a system can learn to choose referring expressions to refer to domain entities for users with different levels of domain expertise, and whose domain knowledge is initially unknown to the system. We approach this problem using a three step process: collecting data using a Wizard-of-Oz method, building simulated users, and learning to model and adapt to users using Reinforcement Learning techniques.

We show that by using only a small corpus of non-adaptive dialogues and user knowledge profiles it is possible to learn an adaptive user modeling policy using a sense-predict-adapt approach. Our evaluation results show that the learned user modeling and adaptation strategies performed better in terms of adaptation than some simple hand-coded baseline policies, with both simulated and real users. With real users, the learned policy produced around a 20% increase in adaptation in comparison to an adaptive hand-coded baseline. We also show that adaptation to users' domain knowledge results in improving task success (99.47% for the learned policy vs. 84.7% for a hand-coded baseline) and reducing dialogue time of the conversation (11% relative difference). We also compared the learned policy to a variety of carefully hand-crafted adaptive policies that employ the user knowledge profiles to adapt their choices of referring expressions throughout a conversation. We show that the learned policy generalises better to unseen user profiles than these hand-coded policies, while having comparable performance on known user profiles.

We discuss the overall advantages of this method and how it can be extended to other levels of adaptation such as content selection and dialogue management, and to other domains where adapting to users' domain knowledge is useful, such as travel and healthcare.
Type specimens of Tamarix (Tamaricaceae) described by Josef Franz Freyn in 1903
Authors: Villar García Jose Luis , Juan Ana , Alonso Maria Angeles , Crespo Manuel Benito
Published: June 2014

Five Tamarix taxa were described in Freyn’s posthumous publication (Freyn 1903): Tamarix askabadensis Freyn (1903: 1059), Tamarix karakalensis Freyn (1903: 1060), T. karakalensis var. scoparia Freyn (1903: 1062), T. karakalensis var. verrucifera Freyn (1903: 1062), and T. karakalensis var. myriantha Freyn (1903: 1062). This publication comprised an enumeration of the plants collected by Paul Sintenis in “Tauria, 1900–1901” (in the Sintenis’s voucher labels as “Iter transcaspico-persicum 1900–1901”), by Ove Paulsen in “regione caspica, transcaspica, praesertium in altiplanitie Pamir, 1898–1899”, and by Victor Ferdinand Brotherus “in Turkestania, 1896”. However, all Tamarix taxa treated in that work belong to those collected by Sintenis. It is important to point out that Sintenis was mostly a plant collector who sold his vouchers to many different herbaria: ANK, BHUPM, BREM, G, GH, HAC, JE, LD, PAL, PR, TUB, VT, W, WAG, and WU (acronyms according to Thiers 2014). However, his personal herbarium (ca. 80000 vouchers of 18000 species) was acquired by the Herbarium of the Botanical Museum of Lund (LD) in 1921–1922 (Patrik Frödén pers. comm.).
Typification of Grisebach’s name Calamagrostis emodensis (Poaceae, Agrostidinae)
Authors: Paszko Beata
Published: June 2014

A lectotype for Calamagrostis emodensis (Poaceae, Agrostidinae) is selected and other original material is revised.
A Measure of the Quality of Educational Leadership Programs for Social Justice
Authors: O’Malley Michael P. , Capper Colleen A.
Published: June 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate how aspiring principals in the United States are prepared for social justice leadership, by focusing particular attention on equitable leadership for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, and questioning (LGBTIQ) persons as a measure of the preparation program’s commitment to social justice. Research Method: The research design involved a cross-sectional survey instrument completed by 218 full-time faculty teaching in 53 different University Council for Educational Administration university principal preparation programs. We performed descriptive analysis of Likert-type scale responses with cross-tabulation of selected survey questions and constant comparative analysis of open-ended questions. The descriptive analysis provides a one-moment-in-time snapshot of the perceptions of particular education leadership faculty. As such, the data are illustrative of certain patterns evident across the national sample rather than definitive of these programs. Findings: Findings indicate that LGBTIQ identities and themes are only marginally integrated into U.S. principal preparation programs, inclusive of those identified as social justice programs. Social justice programs that do address LGBTIQ identities frequently depend on one faculty member or course to do so, rather than being integrated throughout the program. Implications for Research and Practice: Strategies are clearly needed for integrating LGBTIQ equitable leadership into U.S. principal preparation. More fundamentally, the study challenges the manner in which social justice discourses are constructed. It suggests that the quality of social justice preparation is appropriately measured, in part, and enhanced by the form of communal engagement with identities and experiences marginal within the social justice discourse itself.
Impact of foaming on the broadband dielectric properties of multi-walled carbon nanotube/polystyrene composites
Authors: Arjmand Mohammad , Mahmoodi Mehdi , Park Simon , Sundararaj Uttandaraman
Published: June 2014

This study investigated the impact of foaming on the broadband dielectric properties of multi-walled carbon nanotube/polystyrene (MWCNT/PS) nanocomposites. Different carbon nanotube concentrations were prepared by blending of a 20 wt.% MWCNT/PS masterbatch and pure PS using a twin-screw extruder. A chemical blowing agent was used to foam the nanocomposites in a micro injection molding machine. Compression molding was applied to fabricate unfoamed nanocomposites for comparison purposes. Comparing the dielectric properties of unfoamed and foamed nanocomposites showed that foaming increased the percolation threshold, reduced DC and AC conductivities, widened the insulator–conductor transition window, and reduced the dissipation factor of the MWCNT/PS composites. These were attributed to deteriorated conductive network and inferior dispersion and distribution of MWCNTs coming from the presence of foam cells in the nanocomposites. The obtained results propose foaming as a promising technique to improve the dielectric properties of MWCNT/polymer composites.
Damage progression and notched strength recovery of fiber-reinforced polymers encompassing self-healing of interfacial debonding
Authors: Sanada Kazuaki , Mizuno Yuta , Shindo Yasuhide
Published: June 2014

This study examines the interfacial debonding behavior of self-healing fiber-reinforced polymers and the performance of repair of interfacial debonding. Self-healing is accomplished by incorporating a microencapsulated healing agent and a catalyst within a coating layer on the surface of the fiber strand. Single edge-notched tensile specimens of unidirectional fiber-reinforced polymers with coated fiber strands were prepared and tested. The healing efficiency was evaluated by the critical fracture loads of virgin and healed specimens. To investigate the release of the healing agent from microcapsules during interfacial debonding, an ultraviolet fluorescent dye was added to the healing agent, and post-fracture specimens were examined by an optical microscope under ultraviolet light. In addition to conducting experiments, finite-element analyses were performed using a three-dimensional model to predict the damage progression in single edge-notched tensile specimens.
Cognitive Profiles of Mathematical Problem Solving Learning Disability for Different Definitions of Disability
Authors: Tolar Tammy D. , Fuchs Lynn , Fletcher Jack M. , Fuchs Douglas , Hamlett Carol L.
Published: June 2014

Three cohorts of third-grade students ( N = 813) were evaluated on achievement, cognitive abilities, and behavioral attention according to contrasting research traditions in defining math learning disability (LD) status: low achievement versus extremely low achievement and IQ-achievement discrepant versus strictly low-achieving LD. We use methods from these two traditions to form math problem solving LD groups. To evaluate group differences, we used MANOVA-based profile and canonical analyses to control for relations among the outcomes and regression to control for group definition variables. Results suggest that basic arithmetic is the key distinguishing characteristic that separates low-achieving problem solvers (including LD, regardless of definition) from typically achieving students. Word problem solving is the key distinguishing characteristic that separates IQ-achievement-discrepant from strictly low-achieving LD students, favoring the IQ-achievement-discrepant students.
Women in Prison
Authors: Wakai Sara , Sampl Susan , Hilton Laura , Ligon Beyonka
Published: June 2014

Treating self-injurious behavior (SIB) is a challenge in any environment. There is an increased level of complexity when this type of behavior occurs in a female correctional facility. This article focuses on SIB in incarcerated women, including the importance of identifying risk factors, understanding the psychological functions of SIB, addressing the influence of gender on treatment, and acknowledging challenges unique to the correctional environment. Treatment recommendations specific to incarcerated females, such as motivational interviewing and a cognitive behavioral approach, provide guidance to address the underlying causes of SIB and the development of healthier coping behaviors for female inmates. Effective management of SIB in a female correctional facility simultaneously reduces the burden on staff and increases the safety of staff and inmates.
Understanding the World-Christian Turn in the History of Christianity and Theology
Authors: Kollman Paul
Published: June 2014

Growth in Christianity has spurred the appearance of the subfield of world Christianity, whose assumptions increasingly shape scholarship on Christianity. What I term the world-Christian turn, which is often linked to mission studies, yields more comprehensive approaches to the Christian past, connecting local histories of Christian communities to larger-scale historical movements and producing innovative comparative perspectives on Christianity past and present. In Catholic theology, this turn has encouraged new comparative and contextual theologies. Yet support for Christian mission and the world-Christian turn need not go together. Two cases in point: comparative theology tends to eschew mission while the work of Joseph Ratzinger, Pope Benedict XVI, is suspicious of some impulses behind the world-Christian turn and their potential for undermining Christian mission. Such cases notwithstanding, I argue that missiology is a promising resource for the field of world Christianity.
Beyond “Acting White”
Authors: Olitsky Stacy
Published: June 2014

This article investigates interactional processes by which students from non-dominant groups develop academic identities within schools that privilege the dominant group. It draws on an ethnographic study of an urban magnet school, focusing on a discourse analysis of conversations between 3 eighth-grade girls. Findings include that students supported their academic identities through strategically establishing symbolic boundaries between academic content and the standards by which they were judged. Overall, this study explores the ways in which students exercise agency as they develop symbolic boundaries that are more complex than the binary “white” versus “nonwhite” to attain identity-related goals.
Complaint Avoidance and Complaint-Related Appraisals in Close Relationships
Authors: Worley Timothy R. , Samp Jennifer
Published: June 2014

This study explored the role of decision-making power in withholding communicating about relational complaints. A total of 350 participants (nested in 175 couples) completed surveys about the balance of decision-making power in their relationship, complaint avoidance, and complaint-related appraisals. Decision-making power had a curvilinear association with avoidance, such that individuals engaged in the least complaint avoidance when they were relatively equal to their partners in power. For complaint-related appraisals, problems were perceived as least severe, and outcome expectancies and communication efficacy assessments were most positive, when power was equal. Furthermore, severity appraisals and outcome expectancies mediated the curvilinear association of power with complaint avoidance. Results provided support for Dyadic Power Theory outside of laboratory contexts, and highlight cognitive mechanisms through which decision-making power may influence communication in close relationships.
L.A.’s Invisible Freeway Revolt
Authors: Avila Eric
Published: June 2014

Existing accounts of the politics of fighting freeways during the age of the Interstate largely describes the victories of white affluent urban neighborhoods that successfully mustered local opposition to urban highway construction. Popular understandings of the “freeway revolt” thus remain limited to places like Beverly Hills, CA, Cambridge, MA, Lower Manhattan, and New Orleans’s French Quarter. Yet a close examination of cultural expression from urban minority communities, like the Chicano barrio of East Los Angeles for example, reveals a more pervasive and sharper critique of building freeways in the city. Losers, perhaps, in the fight against the freeway, city people of color nonetheless voiced specific grievances against highway construction through art, literature, and other forms of creative production. Herein lies another freeway revolt, which inspires local opposition to subsequent forms of spatial injustice in the inner city.
Visions of a Field
Authors: Dayé Christian
Published: June 2014

This field review discusses several recently published books that are concerned with historical, cultural, philosophical, or sociological aspects of the social sciences and humanities (SSH), past and present. It investigates similarities and differences between the various perspectives and approaches, and analyzes how these are informed by different visions of the field of SSH studies. In concluding, the review discusses three recurrent themes that will presumably move in the focus of debate in the near future: the debate on positivism in SSH and its “epistemological others;” the impact of the Cold War on the gestalt of the SSH; and, finally, the adequacy of science, technology, and society approaches to describe techniques and practices in the SSH.
Institutional, societal, and economic determinants of party system size: Evidence from Brazil
Authors: Bohn Simone
Published: June 2014

Institutionalist views emphasize that identical institutional rules should function in similar ways across nations, thus making electoral engineering possible. This article utilizes the case of Brazil (eight elections in 27 states) to show that there is considerable cross-sectional variation in party system size under indistinguishable institutional rules. Confirming previous works, we find that the interaction between institutions and societal complexity plays a key role in determining party system size. In addition, we show that the educational profile of voters and subnational economic conditions also contribute to the phenomenon. Overall, our results call for caution on electoral engineering projects at home or abroad.
Nerve-sparing schwannoma removal from two infrequent origins
Authors: Inzirillo Francesco , Giorgetta Casimiro , Ravalli Eugenio
Published: June 2014

Schwannomas of nerve sheath origin (Schwann cell) are the most common neurogenic thoracic tumors and they usually originate from an intercostal nerve, especially in the paravertebral region. Tumors that originate from other nerves such as the phrenic nerve, vagus, or sympathetic nerves are uncommon. We report two cases of schwannomas in rare locations. A 62-year-old woman had a giant schwannoma arising from the right phrenic nerve, and a 57-year-old woman had one from the left sympathetic nerve. Both tumors were completely removed with preservation of the nerves.
Safety in simultaneous EEG-fMRI at 3 T: temperature measurements
Authors: Kuusela Linda , Turunen Sampsa , Valanne Leena , Sipilä Outi
Published: June 2014

Background

In simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), safety of the EEG equipment is ensured by the manufacturer only for localizers and fMRI sequences. To conduct a clinically feasible simultaneous EEG-fMRI study, other sequences, e.g. anatomical and B0-correction sequences, have to be acquired in the same imaging session.

Purpose

To measure the temperature increase of the electrodes in different size EEG caps in a phantom and volunteers during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences typically used in clinical studies.

Material and Methods

A phantom with EEG caps of size 52, 56, and 60 was imaged using several sequences in two 3 T MRI scanners to determine the maximum and average temperature increases in the electrodes. Additionally, three volunteer studies were performed for the EEG caps of sizes 56 and 60. The sequences were gradient echo based echo planar imaging sequence, T2-weighted turbo spin echo (T2-TSE), spin echo multiecho for B0-correction, diffusion tensor imaging and T1-weighted 3D sequences.

Results

In phantom studies the maximum temperature increase was 4.1℃ with a mean of 1.2 ± 1.1℃. In volunteer studies, the maximum temperature measured was 35.6℃ and the maximum temperature rise was 2.1℃ with a mean of 0.9 ± 0.7℃. Both were observed with a T2-TSE sequence.

Conclusion

The temperature of the electrodes did not exceed the limits set by the IEC 60601-1 standard (43℃) or manufacturer (45℃), thus indicating a safe EEG-fMRI protocol in this respect.