bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nuances entre o Acesso Mais Seguro e o conflito armado no contexto da atenção básica
Authors: Santos Raphael Sampaio dos , Mourão Lucia Cardoso , Almeida Ana Clementina Vieira de , Daher Donizete Vago , Santos Katerine Moraes dos , Brazolino Lutianni Dias
Published: October 2020

Resumo: A violência armada é um fenômeno contemporâneo que vem se destacando na área da saúde como obstaculizadora de alguns serviços. A ampliação das unidades de Estratégia Saúde da Família no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, fez com que equipes estivessem presentes em territórios onde os conflitos armados são constantes, expondo os trabalhadores. A fim de identificar e prevenir os riscos a que as equipes de saúde da família estão expostas, foi implementada a estratégia chamada Acesso Mais Seguro. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de analisar os efeitos da estratégia Acesso Mais Seguro no processo de trabalho de profissionais que atuam em territórios violentos. Realizou-se uma pesquisa intervenção com treze profissionais de saúde em uma unidade de saúde da família, localizada na zona oeste do Rio de Janeiro, território de grande vulnerabilidade social, marcado por intensa violência. O referencial teórico metodológico apoiador foi a análise institucional. A metodologia propiciou, por meio de encontros socioclínicos institucionais, reflexões acerca da estratégia Acesso Mais Seguro, que se mostrou potente no enfrentamento da violência armada, favorecendo que as equipes de saúde da família organizassem seus processos de trabalho, prevenindo incidentes e melhorando o acesso à saúde pelos usuários.
Carga de doença da COVID-19 e de suas complicações agudas e crônicas: reflexões sobre a mensuração (DALY) e perspectivas no Sistema Único de Saúde
Authors: Campos Mônica Rodrigues , Schramm Joyce Mendes de Andrade , Emmerick Isabel Cristina Martins , Rodrigues Jéssica Muzy , Avelar Fernando Genovez de , Pimentel Thiago Goes
Published: October 2020

A COVID-19 é uma síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SRAG) infecciosa, causada por coronavírus. A doença tem alta transmissibilidade e ocasiona sintomas leves a graves, gerando elevada demanda por cuidados intensivos e milhares de óbitos. Em março de 2020, a COVID-19 foi caracterizada como pandemia e já soma mais de 5 milhões de casos e 300 mil óbitos pelo mundo. A história natural da doença ainda não é bem estabelecida, dificultando a elaboração de protocolos clínicos eficazes e medidas de prevenção. Apesar disso, pode-se afirmar que é uma doença de abordagem sistêmica, já que há evidências de complicações agudas e crônicas, além de efeitos catastróficos na saúde mental da população. Destaca-se então a necessidade de uma metodologia que capte de forma mais efetiva os efeitos da COVID-19, considerando aspectos como sua gravidade, duração e potencial de gerar complicações crônicas que aumentarão as demandas no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Nesse sentido, é de extrema utilidade o indicador DALY, ou anos de vida perdidos por morte prematura ajustados por incapacidade (DALY), que agrega a (1) mortalidade - estimativa dos anos de vida perdidos (YLL) e (2) morbidade - estimativa dos anos vividos com incapacidade (YLD). Este artigo discute a relevância e as dificuldades de estudar a carga da COVID-19 e de suas complicações, no contexto brasileiro, ressaltando a importância de caracterizar a história natural da doença e estimar indicadores como o YLD, que considerem a alta carga de morbidade no planejamento de estratégias para lidar com as consequências da COVID-19 pós-pandemia. Discute-se também os desafios futuros para o enfrentamento da doença no SUS e reflexões sobre o cálculo do DALY.
Tricalcium phosphate sheets with chitosan obtained via aqueous tape casting
Authors: Freitas A. K. C. , Silva L. B. da , Costa A. C. S. da , Peres A. P. S. , Pergher S. B. C. , Acchar W.
Published: October 2020

Abstract Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) is a biomaterial produced in several biomedical applications, in addition to having biocompatibility and osteoconductive capacity. Biodegradable polymers of natural or synthetic origin such as chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) have been used for tissue engineering applications because they have the properties of the native organic phase of bone tissue. Thus, the objective of this study was to obtain ceramic tapes based on TCP, chitosan, and PVA through the tape casting method. The viscosity data for all suspensions were ideal for the chosen processing. The thermogravimetric curves showed similar profiles, and it was possible to observe that a greater total mass loss occurred with the increase in the chitosan content. XRD reflections related to the β-TCP phase of the orthorhombic structure were found, showing no phase transformation. SEM analysis showed degrees of roughness on the film surfaces with little influence from the increase in chitosan content.
Corrosion resistance of fly ash-based geopolymer in hydrochloric and sulfuric acid solutions
Authors: Domingos L. F. T. , Azevedo A. G. S. , Lombardi C. T. , Strecker K.
Published: October 2020

Abstract Currently, there is a growing interest in the use of industrial waste as a raw material in obtaining and developing new products in order to meet technological and environmental demands. Fly ash, for example, when in contact with an alkaline medium, forms inorganic polymers or geopolymers, which have properties comparable to ordinary Portland cement (OPC), but are capable of reducing up to 95% of CO2 emission into the atmosphere. In this study, the corrosion resistance of a geopolymer produced by the alkaline activation of fly ash type F was evaluated in 3%, 6%, and 9% hydrochloric and sulfuric acid solutions for up to 28 days. The materials showed an average loss in terms of compressive strength of approximately 29,8% and 39,5% after 28 days of immersion in HCl and H2SO4, respectively. The immersion in HCl showed divergent results due to the formation of NaCl crystals around the microstructure of the material.
Thermo-catalytic degradation of PE and UHMWPE over zeolites with different pore systems and textural properties
Authors: Silva B. J. B. , Melo A. C. S. , Silva D. S. , Sousa L. V. , Quintela P. H. L. , Alencar S. L. , Silva A. O. S.
Published: October 2020

Abstract The thermo-catalytic degradation of polyethylene (PE) and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) was studied in the presence of zeolites (ZSM-5, ZSM-22, and ferrierite) with different pore systems and textural properties. The zeolites were physically mixed with polymers in the proportion of 30 wt% and submitted to thermogravimetric analysis at heating rates of 5, 10, 20, and 30 °C.min-1. The activation energy of the degradation process was determined using the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method. The addition of zeolites to polymers has considerably reduced the temperature of degradation. ZSM-22 demonstrated greater efficiency in the degradation of PE because it has a smaller crystallite size, promoting a shorter diffusional path for the polymer fragments coming from the surface. Ferrierite showed a lower energy level in the degradation of UHMWPE, showing the need for synergy between the accessibility of the structure and acidity of the catalyst to promote the cracking of this polymer.
Vitamin A deficiency in Brazilian Children younger than 5 years old: a systematic review
Authors: Pedraza Dixis Figueroa
Published: October 2020

Abstract Objectives: to examine the nutritional status of vitamin A in Brazilian children under 5 years old, delimiting their deficiency and associated factors. Methods: this is a systematic review of articles published between 2008 and 2018, using the SciELO, Bireme, and PubMed electronic databases. A validated instrument critically evaluated the studies. The summary measures were obtained by the random effect model, and their results are presented using the Forest Plot graph. The qualitative synthesis was based on the description of the main factors associated with Vitamin A Deficiency. Results: we included 14 cross-sectional studies with observations in basic health units, daycare centers, and households. The summary measure indicated Vitamin A Deficiency of 20% (CI95%= 17% - 23%), with high homogeneity according to the source of the sample. Lower age of the child, low birth weight, poor iron nutritional status, diarrhea, subclinical infection, inadequate basic sanitation conditions, younger mothers and less maternal educa-tion represented the main exposures associated with the outcome. Conclusion: the results show Vitamin A Deficiency as a public health problem in Brazilian children under 5 years old, especially when related to the development of infectious processes and maternal and child characteristics that show greater susceptibility.
Predictors of low perceptual-motor skills in children at 4-5 years of age
Authors: Santos Emanuelle Mandú Meira dos , Constantino Bruna , Rocha Marina Monzani da , Mastroeni Marco Fabio
Published: October 2020

Abstract Objectives: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictors of low perceptual-motor skills in children at preschool age. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study nested in a birth cohort involving mother-child pairs. The children’s perceptual-motor skills were assessed individually in their homes when they were 4-5 years old using the Pre-Literacy Skills and Knowledge Test (THCP®), a vali-dated Brazilian instrument. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between cognitive perceptual-motor skills and potential maternal and child risk factors. Results: of the 199 children included in the study, 53.8% were boys, 90.8% attended school, and 91.1% were enrolled in a public school. Among the children, 114 (57.3%), 41 (20.6%) and 44 (22.1%) had low, moderate and high perceptual-motor skills, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed greater odds of children at preschool age having low perceptual motor skills for boys (OR=2.10; CI95%= 1.14-3.88), children who did not attend school (OR=4.61; CI95%= 1.21-17.49), and those with a household income <5 minimum wages (MW) (OR=4.28; CI95%= 1.49-12.26). Conclusions: our study showed that male gender, not attending school and a monthly household income <5 MW were predictors of low perceptual-motor skills in children at 4-5 years of age.
Neonatal near miss and the occurrence of negative outcomes in the first year of life: data from a national survey, Nascer no Brasil (Born in Brazil), 2011-2012
Authors: Kale Pauline Lorena , Fonseca Sandra Costa , Gama Silvana Granado Nogueira
Published: October 2020

Abstract Objectives: estimate the strength of association between neonatal near miss and the nega-tive outcomes in the child’s first year of life. Methods: a prospective cohort study on neonatal survivors originating from a national survey “Nascer no Brasil (Born in Brazil), 2011-2012.” Main exposure: neonatal near miss (NNM). Negative outcomes: breastfeeding, hospitalization, and post neonatal death (tele-phone interview). For each outcome, the odds ratio (OR) were estimated by univariate (p<0.2) and multivariate (p<0.05) logistic regression models. Results: among 15,675 children 3.3% were neonatal near miss. Neonatal near miss was associated, after adjusting, to: weaning (OR=1.8); hospitalization after hospital discharge (OR=2.2); remained hospitalized (OR=65.6) and post neonatal death (OR=52.4) The increased OR after adjusting revealed negative confounding, such as “remained hospitalized since childbirth” (ORcrude=21.1 and ORadjusted=65.6). Conclusions: although neonatal near miss reflects a good quality of health care, avoiding neonatal death, these survivors have higher risk of negative outcomes in the first year of life.
Effects of elective cesarean sections on perinatal outcomes and care practices
Authors: Ferrari Anna Paula , Almeida Maiara Aparecida Mialich , Carvalhaes Maria Antonieta Barros Leite , Parada Cristina Maria Garcia de Lima
Published: October 2020

Abstract Objectives: to verify the effects of elective cesarean sections on perinatal outcomes and care practices, as compared to vaginal deliveries. Methods: cohort study with 591 mothers and their babies, developed in a medium-sized city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Data were collected from hospital records and by interviews at the neonatal screening unit in the city from July 2015 to February 2016. Data regarding childbirth, newborns, sociodemography, and current gestational history were obtained from each mother. The associations of interest were evaluated with Cox regression analyses adjusted for the covariates identified through the results of bivariate analyses presenting a statistical significance level ofp<0.20. In adjusted analyzes, relationships were considered significant ifp<0.05, with relative risk being considered as the measure of effect. Results: if compared to women who had vaginal deliveries, those who were submitted to elective cesarean sections were at a higher risk of not having skin-to-skin contact with their babies in the delivery room, of not breastfeeding in the first hour of life, and of having their babies hospitalized in a neonatal unit. Conclusions: reducing the number of elective cesarean sections is essential to foster good neonatal care practices and reduce negative neonatal outcomes.
Formação de professores de espanhol e a descapitalização simbólica da universidade
Authors: Cruz Edilson da Silva , Souza Denise Trento Rebello de
Published: October 2020

Resumo Este artigo discute as relações de mercado que permeiam a educação e a formação docente nas últimas décadas, em suas dimensões materiais e simbólicas. Parte de análises acerca do Projeto OYE, proposta de formação de professores de espanhol a distância, anunciada em 2006 pela Secretaria de Educação do estado de São Paulo, em parceria com o Grupo Santander e outras instituições privadas espanholas. Ao realizar uma leitura de recorte discursivo de textos e documentos relacionados ao OYE, identifica um processo pelo qual o Estado destitui as universidades de seus capitais mais valiosos no campo educacional – a saber, sua cultura de tipo acadêmica e seus saberes pedagógicos e científicos - e as relega a um papel meramente coadjuvante em uma proposta de formação docente. Esse processo, que nomeamos como uma descapitalização simbólica das universidades, acompanha sua descapitalização financeira, desobrigando o investimento público em ensino superior e contribuindo com a luta simbólica por posições no campo educacional. Segue-se a esse processo o aprofundamento da desprofissionalização docente, isto é, uma diminuição do peso das universidades e do ensino superior na formação de futuros professores para a educação básica. O resultado é a imposição de um modelo de formação técnica, associada às novas tecnologias, desvinculada das práticas universitárias, da construção da autonomia docente e do trabalho intelectual.
Numerical and experimental ballistic performance of welded magnesium (AZ31B) plates
Authors: Kumar Selvan Dharani , Kumar Sundaram Suresh
Published: October 2020

In this work, the mechanical properties and ballistic performance of a friction-stir-welded magnesium (Mg) alloy (AZ31B) were studied using numerical and experimental techniques. The tensile properties and microhardness of the weldment were determined as per the ASTM E 08 and E 384-05 standards. The values of tensile properties and microhardness of the weldments were observed to be lower than those of the base metal (BM). Microstructural analysis of the nugget zone showed a discontinuous dendritic structure and less β-Mg17Al12 phase. The ballistic impact performance of the magnesium weldment and BM was analysed using a numerical code and validated by ballistic experiments. An armour-piercing projectile of 7.62 mm with an initial projectile velocity of 456 ± 10 m/s was considered for both studies. Primarily, numerical analysis was performed using the Abaqus 6.14 finite-element software with the Johnson–Cook failure criterion. For each ballistic impact test, the residual velocity of the projectile was measured. To validate the numerical observations, an experimental ballistic test was conducted as per the National Institute of Justice standard. The experimental residual velocity of each target was estimated using the Recht–Ipson analytical model. It was found that the ballistic performance of weldments was inferior (26%) compared with that of the BM target. A good correlation of residual velocity was noted for the numerical and experimental methods. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of the friction-stir-welding fracture surface showed adiabatic shear bands.
Los determinantes sociales y su importancia para los profesionales de la salud
Authors: Rodríguez Corredor Zuly Andrea
Published: October 2020

Esta nota de clase tiene por propósito brindar a los estudiantes y futuros profesionales de la salud y a los colegas que acompañan este proceso educativo algunos elementos claves para el desarrollo y análisis de los determinantes sociales y de la salud, así como su afectación en la salud de los individuos y colectivos. El abordaje de esta temática se desarrolla paso a paso, en articulación con temas y contenidos vistos previamente en el curso. Es necesario que el estudiante recuerde el significado de salud dado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), con el fin de vincularlo a los antecedentes investigativos, donde se relacionan la pobreza, la desigualdad y su impacto en la salud de las personas. Los modelos de determinantes sociales se usan para argumentar las causas de esa desigualdad social. De este modo, se amplía el horizonte conceptual a través de la explicación de cada uno de los determinantes sociales definidos por la OMS, mostrando sus interacciones. El desarrollo investigativo permitió concluir que los estudiantes logran identificar los determinantes sociales en una comunidad, aplicar un modelo para argumentar sus puntos de vista, e identificar la situación de salud y los riesgos personales y socioeconómicos tanto de un individuo como de una comunidad. Mediante el desarrollo de este tema, el estudiante fortalecerá su capacidad de analizar críticamente los determinantes sociales en cualquier contexto social y la afectación en la salud de individuos y poblaciones.
Protocol for SCV-2000bp: a primer panel for SARS-CoV-2 full-genome sequencing v1
Authors: Kaptelova Valeriia , AS Speranskaya , not provided et.al
Published: October 2020

Here we present a new primer panel that allows amplifying the complete genome of SARS-CoV-2 (the causative virus of COVID-19) using 17 primer pairs (in four pools). Our results demonstrate that our method allows producing full genomes when we use RNA extract from SARS-CoV-2 positive clinical samples which have a cycle threshold (Ct) in the range of 13 to 26. The resulting primer set exhibits the coverage of the entire viral genome except for only 8 bp on 5'- and 80 bp on 3'- ends in comparison with the reference genome in GenBank (accession number MT121215.1).
No pain, much to gain!!
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Paediatrics, Dr. B R Ambedkar Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, K. R. Dr. Ranganath , Prabhu Dr. Sameeta M. ,   Post-Graduate, Department of Paediatrics, Dr. B R Ambedkar Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, Kumar Dr. Pavan T. ,   Post-Graduate, Department of Paediatrics, Dr. B R Ambedkar Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, Govindaraj Dr. M. ,   Professor and HOD, Department of Paediatrics, Dr. B R Ambedkar Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Published: October 2020

Background: Vaccination is an integral aspect of a pediatrician's practice. The fear associated withpain is a common problem. Alleviating this pain, not only puts the child at ease but also reduces theapprehension some parents have. Our objective was to evaluate local analgesic use during childhoodimmunization, its efficacy, and assessing how it serves as an advantage to the patient, theparents/guardian, and the medical personnel. Methodology: It was a randomized study. Data wascollected for a period of 1 year, from August 2018 to August 2019. Children from birth to 18 yearswere divided into 2 groups: case (local anesthetic i.e Lidocaine aerosol applied) and control (no localanesthetics applied). They were immunized as per NIS/IAP. The pain was assessed by a standardpain chart (Modified Behavioural Pain Scale (BPS). Result: Totally (including IM, SC, and IDinjections), the Local anesthesia group Median pain score was 6 and the No Local anesthesia groupMedian pain score was 8. There was a significant difference in pain scores between the two groups.Conclusion: The present study showed that local anesthetics could be applied quickly and withease. There was a significant difference in pain scores between the two groups (higher score beingin the group in which local anesthetics weren’t used). The reduction in the pain score, in turn,showed a significant difference in the attitude of the child, parent, as well as medical personnel.
Blebbing of the Lymphocyte Plasma Membrane as a Pathogenetic Marker of Critical Ischemia of the Lower Extremities
Authors: Vinnik Yuriy S. , Dunaevskaya Svetlana S. , Antyufrieva Dar’ya A.
Published: October 2020

The increasing interest in studying obliterating atherosclerosis of vessels of the lower extremities (OAVLE) has been triggered by the growing incidence of the disease and the need for a multidisciplinary approach to diagnostics and treatment of OAVLE. Patients with OAVLE had the following tests: lipid profile, the state of the coagulation component of hemostasis, total homocysteine, the state of arterial lumens, and blebbing of the lymphocyte plasma membrane. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (30 patients) – patients with class IIB ischemia, according to Pokrovsky-Fontaine’s classification, and Group 2 (30 patients) – patients with critical ischemia of the lower extremities. The tests revealed a strong positive correlation between the total blebbing of lymphocytes and the development of critical ischemia (rS=0.85, p<0.001) and a very strong positive correlation between the number of lymphocytes in the state of terminal blebbing and the development of critical ischemia (rS=0.96, p<0.001). Other significant factors were a decrease in LPHD, an increase in total homocysteine, and development of hypercoagulation. The data obtained in the present study confirm the importance of assessing the blebbing of the lymphocyte plasma membrane in patients with critical ischemia of the lower extremities
On the Possibility of Using Fine Coal Waste of the Processing Plant «Energeticheskaya» as a Basis for Boiler Fuel
Authors: Murko Vasiliy I. , Fedyaev Vladimir I. , Karpenok Viktor I. , Shanshin Andrey E. , Mukhtarov Amir T.
Published: October 2020

The article presents the results of experimental tests of the preparation and combustion of CWF obtained on the basis of finely dispersed waste of coal enrichment (filter cake) of the PP «Energeticheskaya» of the branch «Kaltansky Coal Mine» of the Kuzbassrazrezugol Management Company JSC, at the KuzGTU demonstration semi-industrial stand. The tests carried out have shown that on the basis of the RP filter cake, it is possible to prepare a suspension coal-water fuel with structural-rheological and thermophysical characteristics that ensure efficient combustion of the obtained CWF. For fuel combustion, a boiler with a heating capacity of 0.63 MW with a vortex adiabatic furnace was used. The results obtained confirmed the real possibility of industrial use of the developed technology for the utilization of TDOU in the form of VUT at boiler houses, mini-thermal power plants, state district power stations and other heat-generating installations
Cannabinoides no psicoactivos en cáncer: estudios in vivo
Authors: Arango Julian , Bedoya Betancur Vanesa
Published: October 2020

El cannabis alberga gran cantidad de compuestos con características de importancia en diversos procesos que incluyen los industriales, recreativos y medicinales. Los compuestos más abundantes en estas plantas son los cannabinoides, siendo los más importantes y estudiados el tetrahidrocannabinol (THC), un compuesto que a pesar de que se le han descrito múltiples propiedades medicinales y potencial terapéutico, su uso se ha visto limitado debido a sus efectos psicoactivos; y el cannabidiol (CBD) que se diferencia del anterior porque no presenta esta propiedad. Este último ha cobrado importancia por sus propiedades para tratar algunas enfermedades como el cáncer gracias a su efecto pro-apotótico, anti-proliferativo y anti-angiogénico. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo describir los mecanismos inmunomoduladores asociados a los cannabinoides no psicoactivos en modelos in vivo de diferentes tipos de cáncer como: glioblastoma, cáncer de seno, cáncer de pulmón, cáncer colorrectal y melanoma. Entre los hallazgos obtenidos en diferentes trabajos se destaca la capacidad de este compuesto, en combinación con otros fármacos antineoplásicos, de inducir apoptosis e inhibir la metástasis mediante la regulación de ciertas moléculas como CD31, Id-1, caspasas 3 y 9, y metaloproteinasas, entre otras. A pesar de que estos compuestos son vistos como prometedores fármacos, hacen falta más estudios que evalúen los mecanismos inmunomoduladores de los cannabinoides no psicoactivos, debido a que evidencias previas solo han descrito sus propiedades in vitro, por lo tanto, hace falta ahondar un poco más en el estudio de modelos in vivo, para un posible uso posterior en ensayos clínicos, y de esta forma ser considerados como verdaderos agentes terapéuticos.
Ein Konzept zur Kontextualisierung von Prozessdaten
Authors: Von Trotha Christian , Kleinert Tobias , Epple Ulrich
Published: October 2020

Während des Betriebs einer prozesstechnischen Anlage fallen in zunehmendem Maß umfangreiche und heterogene Datenmengen an. Damit diese schnell und effizient in Erkenntnisse und Handlungen umgewandelt werden können, bedarf es einer informationstechnisch effizienten und effektiven Datenaufbereitung. Ein wesentlicher und  grundlegender Schritt dazu ist die Kontextualisierung. Dabei werden Beziehungen zwischen einzelnen Informationen betrachtet und diese zu Wissen vernetzt. In diesem Beitrag wird eine Modellhierarche vorgestellt, die diese Vernetzung auf Basis einer Graphdatenbank ermöglicht. Die praktische Anwendbarkeit wird anhand einer Beispiel-Implementierung an einem realen Versuchsstand demonstriert.
Contemporary educational leadership and its role in converting traditional schools into professional learning communities
Authors: Alkrdem Mofareh
Published: October 2020

The dynamics of school as a single source of knowledge have changed, which eliminate the organizational obstacles that hinder its learning process and endeavor towards the construction of a leadership competence. The ability of an organization to construct and support the professional learning communities depends on its ability to improve and support an individual. This study therefore aims to investigate the role of contemporary educational leadership in converting traditional schools into professional learning communities. The current study has adopted one of the developmental approaches that simultaneously represent contemporary trends in improving the school. An increase is found among the school staff related to the improvement and development of the project concerning its planning, organizing, implementation, and evaluation. The implementation of reformative perspective increases the desire towards the implementation of decentralization. The work teams are successful in fulfilling all tasks and solving the problems that are encountered by the leaders and members of the team. The concern towards investment in the information and communication technology has been growing to build the leadership capacities of the members of teamwork.
Organizational and environmental contexts affecting school principals' distributed leadership practices.
Authors: Börü Neşe
Published: October 2020

The aim of this study is to determine the organizational and environmental contexts that affect the distributed leadership behaviours of school principals working in primary schools in Turkey. A phenomenological research approach has been adopted and data was collected via semi-structured interviews conducted with 15 primary school principals. Maximum variation sampling strategy is used in recruiting participants and the collected data was analysed using content analysis. The results suggested that legislations, school culture, parents’ and students’ culture, national culture, and centralized and bureaucratic structure affect the attitude school principals distribute the leadership in schools. School principals generally do not want to share leadership with teachers or parents. While the justification about teachers is based on their reluctance to take responsibility or the negative competition between them, the justification for parents is based on the potential of parents' leadership to be a threat towards social justice at school. In addition, the law puts more responsibility on school principals, pushing them to become the leader of the school. However, school principals do not have as much authority as responsibility at schools. Thus, the hierarchical structure that intensifies the power in the center will provide more effective control over the school.
Heterojen Ev Ağlarının Aralık Tip-2 Bulanık AHS ve TOPSIS Yöntemleri ile Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: BALLI Serkan , DİKMEN Ecem
Published: October 2020

Son zamanlarda bilişim sektöründeki gelişmelerle birlikte, ev kullanıcılarına sunulan ağ teknolojilerinin performansları sürekli artış göstermektedir. Bu artış ile farklı özellik ve altyapıları kullanılarak sunulan ev ağlarındaki internet hizmeti gittikçe daha heterojen hale gelmektedir. Tüm ağların var olarak kabul edildiği bir ortamda, kullanıcıların ihtiyaçlarına göre en verimli ağ hizmetini kullanması karmaşık bir optimizasyon problemidir. Kullanılacak amaç doğrultusunda, kullanıcının ihtiyaç duyacağı ve tüm nitel ve nicel kriterler açısından en yararlı hizmeti sunacak erişim ağının seçilmesi, belirsizlik içeren çok kriterli bir karar verme problemidir. Bu çalışmada, bu belirsizliği daha iyi modelleyebilmek için aralık tip-2 bulanık AHS ve aralık tip-2 bulanık TOPSIS yöntemleri ayrı ayrı kullanılmış ve kıyaslanmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan kriterler; gecikme, paket kaybı, seğirme, maliyet, toplam bant genişliği ve kullanılabilir bant genişliği olarak belirlenmiştir. Daha sonra ADSL, FiberNet, Kablonet, PLC ve 3G olmak üzere beş farklı ağ, bu kriterlere göre değerlendirilmiştir. Tip-2 bulanık kümeler kullanılarak AHS ve TOPSIS yöntemlerinin uygulanması ile başarılı sonuçlar elde edilmiş ve alternatiflerin daha net ayrışması sağlanmıştır.
Doğal Dil İşleme Teknikleri Kullanılarak Disiplinler Arası Lisansüstü Ders İçeriği Hazırlanması
Authors: ALBAYRAK Ahmet
Published: October 2020

Bu çalışmada lisansüstü seviyede açılan düşünülen disiplinler arası bir dersin içeriğinin hazırlanması için veri madenciliği tekniklerinden doğal dil işleme yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Lisansüstü ders, Veri Bilimi ve Uygulamaları adını taşımaktadır. Veri bilimi temelde istatistik ve bilgisayar bilimlerini içine alan disiplinler arası bir kavramdır. Dersin benzer bir ad ile literatürde yeri yoktur. Veri bilimi yaklaşımı veriyi öncelikleyen ve oldukça fazla alanda uygulanan bir yaklaşımdır. Uygulama alanı çok geniş olduğundan derse Veri Bilimi ve Uygulamaları adı verilmiştir. IEEE’nin yıllardır düzenlediği bir konferansta basılan bildiriler ders içeriğinin belirlenmesinde veri seti olarak kullanılmıştır. Data Science and Advanced Analytics adındaki konferansın bu yıl 7. si düzenlenecektir. 2015, 2016, 2017 ve 2018 yıllarında konferansa kabul edilen bildiriler veri setinde kullanılmıştır. Bildirilerin başlık kısımları ve anahtar kelimeler doğal dil işleme teknikleri ile analiz edilerek ders içeriği belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada ilk olarak veri seti hazırlandıktan sonra, veri üzerinde veri temizleme işlemi yapılmış ardından bildiri başlıkları sözcüklere ayrılmıştır. Sözcüklere ayrılan veri seti içinde sözcüklerin frekansları bulunarak frekansa göre ilk yirmi sözcük seçilmiştir. Doğal dil işleme sürecinde Apache Spark NTK paketi kullanılmıştır. Seçilen 20 sözcük atomik olduğundan tümevarım yöntemi ile ana konu başlıkları belirlenmiştir.
TYPOLOGY OF THE CITIES OF DNIPRO UKRAINE IN THE LAST QUARTER XVIII – BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY IN THE SCIENTIFIC DISCOURSE OF THE EMPIRE ERA
Authors: Bondarenko Alexander
Published: October 2020

The article presents the analysis of historiographical achievements made by the scientists of the imperial era in such important methodological aspects of the historical study of the cities of Dnipro Ukraine in the last quarter of XIX – beginning of XX centuries as scientific definition of the concept of «city», its typology and functional purpose.

It has been grounded that the works of pre-Soviet authors laid the foundations for defining basic concepts of one of the most complex and multidimensional objects of scientific study, which is a city. Being in close relationship, these concepts form terminological and conceptual system used by historical science. The problem of the content of basic concepts is caused by the existence of various forms of urban settlements and the reflection of the phenomenon of the city in the public consciousness, administrative and demographic statistics, from where it was introduced into science.

As a result of historiographic analysis, it has been established that only certain aspects of urban issues have been covered in the works of modern scholars, including scientific definition of the concept, typology and functional purpose of the city. In pre-Soviet literature, the concept of the «city» was associated with a settlement that had a legal status and large population, mostly employed in trade and industry. At the same time, the thesis was formed about the identity of the concepts of «city» and «trade and industrial centre», which became dominant in the second half of the nineteenth century. This fact made most researchers to follow W. Sombart in recognizing cities only «in the economic sense». Scientists generally recognized the weakness of the urban policy of the Russian autocracy, which was primarily guided by administrative needs. And some scientists have tried to come up with their own vision of the criteria according to which a particular settlement can be considered to be a city.
Cumulative features for determining the type of signal manipulation
Authors:   A.I. Berg Central Research Institute of Radioengineering, Kurbanaliev Vagid K.
Published: October 2020

This paper describes the apparatus of cumulant analysis in relation to the problem of recognizing the types of signal modulation. The article presents the results of using artificial neural networks in the task of automating the detection of intra-pulse modulation signs for the identification (classification) of signals. A mathematical model of a phase-shift keyed signal is developed, the main properties of this type of signals are described and a method is proposed that allows one to determine the type of signal manipulation based on the calculation of informative (cumulative) features. Simulation was carried out in Matlab/Simulink.
Manganese segregation on defects of a crystall lattice GaSb
Authors:   Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sanygin Vladimir P. , Pashkova Olga N. ,   Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Izotov Alexander D. ,   Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2020

When doping gallium antimonide with 2 at.% Mn, it was found that, as a result of quenching of the melt, manganese segregates on grain-forming dislocations of the crystalline GaSb (111) texture in the form of microinclusions based on the ferromagnetic compound MnSb. Manganese atoms segregate on GaSb dislocations discretely with periodic spacing of inclusions from each other. The dimensions of the inclusions are of the order of 1 μm, they differ in composition and magnetic properties, but on average their composition and properties correspond to the ferromagnetic phase Mn1,1Sb. At T = 4 K, the crystalline anisotropy of GaSb  is accompanied by magnetic anisotropy; at T = 300 K, spherical clusters of a magnetic semiconductor retain the properties of a soft magnetic ferromagnet with a coercive force Hc ≈ 10 E.
Synthesis and Characterization of Thin Nanostructured Bismuth Doped Tin Oxide Films and Sensing Studies
Authors:   Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of RAS, Smirnov Andrey V. , Sinev Ilya V. ,   N.G. Chernyshevskii Saratov State University, Simakov Vyacheslav V. ,   N.G. Chernyshevskii Saratov State University, Kolesov Vladimir V. ,   Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of RAS, Kuznetsova Iren E. ,   Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of RAS
Published: October 2020

The tin dioxide (SnO2) films doped with bismuth by means of magnetron sputtering of semiconductor two-phase target and powder BiO2 as source of Bi were produced. The effect of bismuth dope concentration variation on the microstructure, electrophysical and gas-sensing properties was investigated. It has been found, that films consist of crystalline rods with diameter of 21±2 nm and length of 120±10 nm. Bismuth doping provided decrease in signal timing drift of acetone sensor in analyzed probe. Sensitivity to acetone vapor of the sample derived from targets with 0.01% bismuth oxide concentration increase almost by 10 times (up to 850) in comparison with undoped film at 300°С. Based on the obtained experimental data the mechanism of bismuth dope influence on electrical and gas-sensing properties of produced tin dioxide films was evaluated. Obtained results have shown capability the use of bismuth doped dioxide tin films for development of saturated acetone vapor sensors.
Effect of masses of active layers of C60-4-methylphenylhydrazone N-isoamylisatin fullerene heterostructures on their rectifying characteristics
Authors:   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Mazinov Аlim S.-A. , Tyutyunik Andrey S. ,   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Gurchenko Vladimir S. ,   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Ilina Veronika Yu. ,   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University
Published: October 2020

An organocarbon heterostructure consisting of thin films of fullerene and 4-methylphenylhydrazone N-isoamylisatin was obtained from a solution by irrigation. The procedure for obtaining the samples, the microscopy, and synthesis of the initial powder material have been described. The results of an alternate X-ray phase analysis of the substances used has been presented. The analysis of changes in the electrical and optical characteristics of the active layers, depending on the mass of the solid phase has been carried out. The relationship between a sequential increase in film thickness and an increase in the absorption coefficient of infrared electromagnetic radiation has been revealed. Having determined the optimal thicknesses of the active layers of the heterostructure, based on fullerene C60 and 4-methylphenylhydrazone N-isoamylisatin, we achieved an increase in photoconductivity by two orders of magnitude. The obtained light current – voltage characteristics of such thin-film structures are rectilinear in nature with a direct load of up to 10 V.
Calculation of the intrinsic thermal radiation of plane-parallel quasi-anisotropic multilayer plates with smooth boundaries
Authors:   Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of RAS, Fryazino Branch,, Evtikhov Mikhail G. , Arzamastseva Galina V. ,   Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of RAS, Fryazino Branch,
Published: October 2020

The physical meaning of new algorithms for calculating the intensity of a plane homogeneous monochromatic wave of electromagnetic radiation after passing through a multilayer quasi-anisotropic plane-parallel plate is discussed, taking into account the thermal radiation of the layers. The formula connecting the brightness temperature obtained by a microwave radiometer and the effective temperature of the observed surface is used in remote sensing of the earth's surface [16].In this paper, we develop a mathematical apparatus that allows one to construct algorithms that generalize this formula to an arbitrary number of homogeneous quasi-anisotropic layers of a plane-parallel plate. The solution of the problem is complicated by the need to take into account coherent and incoherent effects in a multilayer plate, as well as by the need to construct an adequate method for identifying the waves and energy fluxes under consideration, by the need to clarify the concept of an ideal radiometer that records the observed microwave radiation. In order to test new algorithms and obtain the first results, the facts obtained earlier [19] by calculating the reflection and transmission coefficients for free ice sheets are reproduced using new algorithms for calculating intensities. For an isotropic ice plate 50 cm thick in the L-range, there is a "transparency window" in the area of observation angles of 30 degrees for both polarizations simultaneously. The influence of ice anisotropy on the effects of bleaching and anti-bleaching and related to the Brewster angle is considered. Additionally, the contribution of the ice's own radiation to the observed brightness temperature was estimated by new methods. The case of an anisotropic ice plate with the same parameters but floating in water is considered. It is shown that a change in the conditions of reflection at the ice-substrate interface can be partially compensated by a change in the ice thickness. To control and evaluate the theoretically possible accumulation of errors in calculations, physical quantities are discussed that are analogous to the components of the Poyting vector and remain constant at the boundaries of the layers. For the considered cases of ice, these values are conserved with high accuracy.
Image Processing Techniques Based Crowd Size Estimation
Authors:   AL-Hikma University, Abdulhamid Mohanad , Wanjira Lwanga ,   University of Nairobi
Published: October 2020

Image processing algorithms are the basis for image computer analysis and machine Vision. Employing a theoretical foundation, image algebra, and powerful development tools, Visual C++, Visual Fortran, Visual Basic, and Visual Java, high-level and efficient computer vision techniques have been developed. This paper analyzes different image processing algorithms by classifying them in logical groups. In addition, specific methods are presented illustrating the application of such techniques to the real world images. In most cases more than one method is used. This allows a basis for comparison of different methods as advantageous features as well as negative characteristics of each technique is delineated. The main objective of this paper is to use image processing techniques to estimate the size of a crowd from a still photograph. The simulation results show that the different images have different efficiencies.
E-Justice as a Form of Judicial Protection in Russia
Authors: Borisova L. V.
Published: October 2020

The paper draws attention to the priority of the judicial form of protection of rights and interests of physical and legal entities, state and public interests, as well as gradual pervasion of the justice system with IT-technologies that ensure openness of the proceedings, save time and money of the participants, reduce time needed to file and process pleadings, etc. On the basis of the analysis of the proposed doctrinal approaches and legislative acts to the definition of the meaning of e-justice, the author presents her understanding of e-justice that covers three aspects. Such an approach may be of practical importance depending on how well e-justice has been developed in Russia. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the extended approach to the definition of e-justice, including the use of AI systems. The paper investigates advantages and possible risks associated with the introduction of the systems applied to assist a judge in making final court decisions (“companion judge”) and systems that replace a judge in making the final court decisions (“digital judge”). As a result, it is concluded that the most acceptable system for the Russian system of justice is the “Companion Judge” AI system. In the author’s opinion, complete replacement of judges by “digital judges” is ethically and legally ambiguous, poses many risks and will not provide effective protection for the violated or contested rights, freedoms and interests of citizens, organizations, State and public interests.
Citizens’ Right to Protection of Geolocation and Privacy on the Internet
Authors: Ivanova K. A.
Published: October 2020

The development of confidential-sensitive methods is expected to become a promising area for future research in data mining. Since the main task in retrieving data is to develop aggregated systems models, can we develop such models without access to accurate information in individual repositories? In today’s world, such an issue is becoming a key one, especially concerning the exercise of human rights on the Internet, since the very realization of such rights is related to data protection, on the one hand, and access to information, on the other hand. The need to maintain this balance is one of the key challenges law is facing in modern realities. In the article, the author reveals the importance of protection of such a right as access to geolocation and studies the influence of the right under consideration on the realization of other rights exercised by citizens on the Internet (in particular, the right to information).
Improvement of the Legal Regulation of Academic Researchers’ Labour in Russia and Abroad
Authors: Chernykh N. V.
Published: October 2020

The paper investigates the issues of a legal status of scientists, researchers and persons involved in conducting scientific research (supporting personnel), analyzes changes under the Federal Law No. 157-FZ of May 25, 2020, “On amendments to the Labour Code of the Russian Federation with regard to the establishment of the limit age for replacement of positions of heads, deputy heads of state and municipal educational organizations of higher education and scientific organizations and heads of their branches,” determines the directions of improvement in legislation associated with insufficient legal regulation of working hours of scientific workers. The author examines the issue of scientific workers’ labor norming and substantiates the necessity of implementing labor standards for scientific workers in order to exclude their overworking. In addition, the paper focuses on problems related to the introduction of researchers’ performance and efficiency indicators that have appeared due to the introduction of an “effective contract” (a performance-based contract of employment).
On the relationship between the value of the latent period and the height of the wave of tendon reflexes in the graphical research method
Authors: Borovikov I. V.
Published: October 2020

In the literature on the issue of tendon reflexes, as far as I know, with the exception of the works of Eulenburg and Fr, there are no indications and special works concerning the observation of the ratio between the size of the latent period, the height and length of the muscle. Apparently, these parts of the graphical depiction of reflexes should be in certain relations one to another, expressed approximately by the formula expressed by the mentioned scientists that the magnitude of the latent period and the magnitude of the reflex are inversely proportional.
The chronicle of the society of neuropathologists and psychiatrists at the imperial Kazan University. Protocol of the meeting on November 30
Authors: Popov N. M.
Published: October 2020

It was chaired by prof. H. M. Popov, with secretary M. M. Maevsky; attended by: honorary members: K. A. Arnstein and I. M. Dogel; full members; K. V. Voroshilov, N. A. Mislavsky, N. A. Tolmachev, B. I. Vorotynskiy, V. I. Levchatkin, A. F. Teberg, V. V. Nikolaev, A. G. Klyachkin; guests: Dr. Arkanov, Vvedensky, Yanishevsky.