bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Teaching Program Regarding COVID-19 on Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices among Student
Authors: Ayed Manal Mohamed Ahmed , Mahmoud Thorea Mohamed , Kamal Fatma El Zahra
Published: August 2020

Corona-virus pandemic disease 2019 which called “COVID-19” considered an emerging respiratory disease and highly infectious that is caused by corona-virus and was detected in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Corona-virus has affected educational systems worldwide and leading to the total closures of schools, universities, and colleges, in the middle of March 2020. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of a structured teaching program regarding COVID -19 on knowledge, attitudes, and practices among secondary school students. A pre/post quasi-experimental design was adopted. 260 students were selected from two secondary schools at Sohag City using a multi-stage sample. A self-administered questionnaire and health education Arabic handout was prepared by the researches. There was a statistically significant difference between secondary student's knowledge attitudes, and practices pre and post- structured teaching program implementation. A structured teaching program is effective in improving knowledge, attitudes, and practices among secondary school students regarding COVID -19.
Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Detection using Deep Features Learning
Authors: Khalaf Zainab A. , Hammadi Saad S. , Mousa Alaa K. , Ali Hanan M. , Alnajar Hanan R. , Mohsin Raghdan H.
Published: August 2020

Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic detection considers a critical and challenging task for the doctors. The coronavirus disease spread so rapidly between people and infected roughly fourteen million people worldwide. For this reason, it is very much necessary to detect infected people with coronavirus and take the action to prevent of spread this virus. In this study, the COVID-19 classification methodology is adopted to detect the infected patient with coronavirus using CT images. The deep learning is applied to recognize the affected CT images of COVID-19 from others by employing the deep feature. This methodology can be beneficial for the medical practitioner to diagnosis the infected patient with coronavirus. The result is based on new data collections named BasrahDataset that included different CT scan video for Iraqi patients. The system gives promised results with 99% F1-score for detecting COVID-19.
Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) genes family in wheat (Triticum aestivum): Genome-wide identification, characterization, phylogenetic relationship and expression patterns
Authors: Shen Changwei , Yuan Jingping , Ou Xingqi
Published: August 2020

Background

Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) plays important roles in plant survival under anaerobic conditions. Although some research has been carried out the functions of ADH in other plants, that of wheat TaADH family genes in response to abiotic stress are unclear.
Results

A total of 22 ADH genes were obtained from 14 chromosomes of the wheat genome by systematic screening. Multiple sequence alignment and evolutionary relationship show that these genes contain the characteristics of GroES-like domain and Zinc-binding domain, and these belong to Medium-chain -ADH type and can be divided into three subfamilies. There are 17 pairs of fragment replication genes among TaADH family members in the wheat genome, while there are 9 pairs of collinear gene pairs from ADH family members between wheat and rice genome. We speculate that these fragment repetition events may be the main reason for the amplification of TaADH family genes. Ka/Ks analysis indicated that there were 64 repetitive gene pairs, and the Ka/Ks value of these gene pairs was less than 1, which indicated that these sequences of TaADH gene were relatively conservative and did not change greatly in the process of evolution. Promoter element analysis showed that almost all of the upstream promoters of these genes contained the responsive anaerobic inducible element. Tissue localized expression and expression patterns also demonstrated that the TaADH genes responded to abiotic stress and may play an important role in waterlogging stress during the seed germination stage.
Conclusions

The results of this study may be helpful to further study the function of TaADH genes and determine the candidate gene for wheat stress resistance breeding.
Research on active compounds regarding SGMD for the treatment of COVID-19 based on network pharmacology and molecular docking
Authors: Donglai Ma , Jia Yuxin , Si Mingdong , Sun Huigai , Du Huiru , Li Jing
Published: August 2020

Background: Retrieve Curative effect of Six Gentlemen Modified Decoction (SGMD) in treating with coronavirus disease ( COVID-19 ) by network pharmacology and verify its authenticity by molecular docking. Methods: The chemical constituents, effective components, and action targets were screened using TCMSP. COVID-19 related targets were retrieved by the GeneCards and NCBI databases, and drug targets and disease targets were mapped by Venny to obtain potential targets for treatment. The regulatory network of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compounds was established with Cytoscape to obtain the key components, and the PPI network and its network topology were established with the Bisogenet and CytoNCA plug-ins to obtain the core targets. Bioconductor was used for GO function analysis and KEGG pathway analysis to obtain the relevant functions and pathways. Results: 173 effective components, 253 targets, and 348 targets related to COVID-19 were obtained after screening, 50 cross targets were shown, and the key components of the top 15 are flavonoids such as quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, naringenin, licochalcone A, etc. The top 28 core targets include TP53, EGFR, SRC, AR, ABL1, and others. Biological processes such as the responses to metal ions, molecules of bacterial origin, lipopolysaccharide, toxic substances, and oxidative stress were involved. The main pathway involved the AGE−RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications as well as the TNF and IL-17 signaling pathways. The average binding energies of the first three core components connected with 6LU7 and 1R42 were -4.16 kJ/mol and -4.12 kJ/mol, respectively.Conclusion: The core compounds of SGMD can spontaneously combine with SARS-CoV-2 3CL hydrolase and ACE2 to treat COVID-19.
Drag Reduction by Application of Aerodynamic Devices in a Race Car
Authors: Nath Devang S. , Pujari Prashant Chandra , Jain Amit , Rastogi Vikas
Published: August 2020

In this era of fast-depleting natural resources, the hike in fuel prices is ever-growing. With stringent norms over environmental policies, the automotive manufacturers are on a voyage to produce efficient vehicles with lower emissions. High-speed cars are at a stake to provide uncompromised performance but having strict rules over emissions drives the companies to approach through a different route to keep the demands of performance intact. One of the most sought-after ways is to improve the aerodynamics of the vehicles. Drag force is one of the major setbacks when it comes to achieving high speeds when the vehicle is in motion. This research aims to examine the effects of different add on devices on the vehicle to reduce drag and make the vehicle aerodynamically streamlined. A more streamlined vehicle will be able to achieve high speeds and consequently, the fuel economy is also improved. The three-dimensional car model is developed in SOLIDWORKS v17. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is performed to understand the effects of these add on devices. CFD is carried out in the ANSYSTM 17.0 Fluent module. Drag Coefficient (CD) and Drag Force is calculated and is compared in different cases.
An Improved Energy-Aware Clustering Method for The Regional Queries in The Internet of Things
Authors: Khatibi Arezoo , Khatibi Omid
Published: August 2020

We will offer a method to improve energy efficient consumption for processing queries on the Internet of Things. We focused on an energy efficient hierarchical clustering index tree such that we can facilitate time-correlated region queries in the I.o.T (Internet of Things). We try to improve clustering and make a change on its proposed index tree. We try to do this by optimizing the query processing. We improve clustering to increase the accuracy of the Internet of Things and prevent the network from disconnecting. In the article that we have chosen, there is a heterogeneous cluster which means there exists a large data difference in the two ends of a cluster. Also, it often happens that the same information is sent to the base station by two overlapping clusters; therefore, we save energy by eliminating duplicated data.
A Comprehensive Scheme for the Objective Upper Body Assessments of Subjects with Cerebellar Ataxia
Authors: Tran Ha , Nguyen Khoa , Pathirana Pubudu , Horne Malcolm , Power Laura , Szmulewicz David
Published: August 2020

Background Cerebellar ataxia (CA) is a complex motor disorder that exhibits various symptoms such as lack of movement accuracy, delayed motion and ataxic movements associated with gait, extremity and eye. Accurate assessment of ataxic movements forms an integral part, not only in the process of diagnosis, but also to monitor the severity of the neurodegenerative progression, particularly in a rehabilitation context. However, the current assessment schemes are mostly based on the subjective observation of experienced clinicians. Capturing the movement during standard upper limb tests using readily available motion sensors, this paper is intended to amalgamate the sensory information to obtain a more accurate and objective form of assessment. Methods An assessment scheme involving an inertial measurement system and a Kinect system was considered to quantify the degree of ataxia in four instrumented version of upper extremities tests, i.e. Finger Chase (FCT), Finger Tapping (FTT), Finger to Nose (FNT) and Dysdiadochokinesia (DDKT). Kinematic features from these tests were extracted to quantitatively define ataxic signs such as dysmetria, delay in timing, irregularity and instability. Using Feed backward feature elimination (FBE) and Quadratic discrimination analysis (QDA) and Ridge regression (RR), the features were selectively combined to improve the diagnosis and verify the association with clinical assessments by means of Leave-One-Out cross validation. Clinical ratings of the disease status were recorded using the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA). Results We report statistical significance in identifying ataxia from movement features of the four tests. The combined information from the features provided a high accuracy in diagnosing CA subjects (96.4%) in addition to a promising result in predicting the severity of ataxia due to CA (rho=0.8, p<0.001). The severity estimation was also considered in a 4-level scale to provide a rating that is familiar to the current clinically-used rating of upper limb impairments. The combination of FCT and FTT achieve the most acceptable outcome among the considered subsets of the 4 tests. Conclusion The analysis of ataxia can be decomposed primarily into four affected dimensions, i.e. stability, timing, accuracy and rhythmicity. In the context of upper limb tests, the results of accurate classification and prediction of severity attributed mostly to the timing. Furthermore, the underlying approach uncovers the appropriate combination with a reduced number of tests for the assessment of CA utilising the clinical resources more effectively. Trial registration Human Research and Ethics Committee, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia (HREC Reference Number: 11/994H/16).
Oxymatrine Reverses Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity via Ameliorating the Immune Response for Gentamicin Therapy
Authors: Kang Songyao , Gao Chen , Lang Fengtng , Chen Yuwei , Hao Hongxia , Xiao Tianshi , Hao Zhihui
Published: August 2020

Background: The aminoglycoside antibiotic gentamicin (GM) is widely used to fight infections caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic bacteria. However, its clinical application is limited by serious side effects. Based on this, this study aims to screen drugs that have protective effects on gentamicin-induced kidney injury. Methods : After screening a series of candidate compounds, we found that a natural quinoline alkaloid-oxymatrine showed well protective effects on GM-induced kidney injury. We used gentamicin (100 mg/ kg/d, 7 days) treatment to establish a rat model of kidney injury, and set up control groups and oxymatrine-pretreatment groups to study the protective effect of oxymatrine on kidney injury.Methods: After screening a series of candidate compounds, we found that a natural quinoline alkaloid-oxymatrine showed well protective effects on GM-induced kidney injury. We used gentamicin (100 mg/ kg/d, 7 days) treatment to establish a rat model of kidney injury, and set up control groups and oxymatrine-pretreatment groups to study the protective effect of oxymatrine on kidney injury.Results: The results indicated that Gentamicin treatment of normal rats produced marked renal damage and resulted in significant elevation of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, as well as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase. Oxymatrine co-administration could decrease levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α (All P <0.01 or P <0.001), as well as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase. In addition, oxymatrine treatment significantly reduced the expression of Bax and NF-κB mRNA in the kidney (both P <0.01), and increased the expression of Bcl-2, Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA.Conclusions: The results demonstrate that oxymatrine down-regulates the inflammatory response and reduces the apoptosis by activating antioxidant defense, thereby reducing gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity.
Double Left Brachiocephalic Vein in an Adult Patient Who Underwent Cardiac Surgery: A Case Report
Authors: Kobayashi Kimihiro , Uchida Tetsuro , Kuroda Yoshinori , Yamashita Atushi , Ohba Eiichi , Nakai Shingo , Ochiai Tomonori , Sadahiro Mitsuaki
Published: August 2020

Background: A double left brachiocephalic vein is an extremely rare venous anomaly. Case presentation: Herein, we present the case of a 79-year-old woman with a double left brachiocephalic vein who underwent cardiac surgical procedures. The normal left brachiocephalic vein was patent, and the accessory left brachiocephalic vein passed across the heart and aorta in front of the pericardium and drained into the superior vena cava. She underwent surgical ligation of the accessory left brachiocephalic vein, followed by an aortic valve replacement and coronary artery bypass grafting. Her postoperative recovery was uneventful, without any venous complications from the ligation of the accessory vein. The patient is doing well one year after the surgery.Conclusions: The presence of double left brachiocephalic veins should be recognized before cardiac surgery in order for us to avoid intraoperative technical issues concerning this venous anomaly and unpredictable intraoperative bleeding due to injury of the accessory left brachiocephalic vein.
Prognostic Significance of Surgery After Chemotherapy in Patients with Type 4 Gastric Cancer: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Arigami Takaaki , Matsushita Daisuke , Okubo Keishi , Tanaka Takako , Sasaki Ken , Noda Masahiro , Kita Yoshiaki , Mori Shinichiro , Kurahara Hiroshi , Yanagita Shigehiro , Uenosono Yoshikazu , Ishigami Sumiya , Ohtsuka Takao
Published: August 2020

Background: The majority of patients with type 4 gastric cancer have distant metastases with extremely poor prognosis. Consequently, considering a therapeutic strategy that improves the prognosis of these patients is clinically important. The present study aimed to assess the clinical indication and prognostic impact of surgery in patients with type 4 gastric cancer who underwent chemotherapy.Methods: A total of 67 patients with type 4 gastric cancer who underwent chemotherapy were retrospectively enrolled. All patients were grouped into progressive disease (PD) and non-PD groups by tumor response to chemotherapy.Results: Distant metastases occurred in 58 patients. With regard to tumor response, 16 and 51 patients had PD and non-PD, respectively. The prognosis was significantly poorer in patients with PD than in those with non-PD (p < 0.0001). Among 23 patients who underwent surgery after chemotherapy, 21 had a R0 resection. The presence or absence of surgery was significantly correlated with age, first-line chemotherapeutic regimen, lymph node metastasis, clinical stage, number of distant metastatic sites, peritoneal dissemination, and tumor response (p = 0.0412, p = 0.0096, p = 0.0024, p = 0.0059, p = 0.0128, p = 0.0020, and p = 0.0066, respectively). Multivariate analysis selected tumor response and surgery as an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0009, respectively). Moreover, multivariate analysis for the surgery group demonstrated that metastatic nodal status (N0-1 vs. N2-3) and residual tumor status (R0 vs. R1-2) were significant independent prognostic factors (p = 0.0258 and p = 0.0458, respectively).Conclusions: Our retrospective study suggests that surgery after chemotherapy for type 4 gastric cancer may improve the prognosis of responders with N0-1 status and a curative R0 resection.
Awareness and Knowledge of Low Anterior Resection Syndrome (Lars) in Colorectal Surgeons: A Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Hou Sen , Liu Fan , Guo Peng , Ye Yingjiang
Published: August 2020

Background More than 50% patients suffered from low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) after low anterior resection, and their quality of life is predominantly determined by colorectal surgeons’ awareness and knowledge of LARS. We conducted the survey to find out the weakness in the management of patients' functional recovery after surgery and explore targeted training pathways to improve doctor’s ability to deal with LARS. Methods An anonymous paper-based survey among colorectal surgeons was performed across the country. Results 252 questionnaires were collected and analyzed with the effective rate of 86.6%. Most of the respondents were highly educated and experienced in gastroenterology. The mean age was 39.9 ± 9.20 years. In multivariate Logistic regression analysis, surgeons with MD, PhD degree (OR: 2.843, 95%CI: 1.441-5.609, p = 0.003) and national academic membership (OR: 2.063, 95%CI: 1.010-4.214, p = 0.047) were associated with surgeons’ emphasis on follow-up. 65.1% of respondents underestimated the prevalence of LARS. Chief/deputy chief, national academic membership and annual surgeries ≥ 50 (42.7% vs 29.4%, p=0.033; 46.4% vs 30.0%, p=0.007; 46.0% vs 31.6%, p=0.021) were associated with high diagnostic rate of LARS but none of these factors were statistically significant in multivariate analysis. LARS score was the most popular scale in the evaluation of LARS severity. The feedback of the most common postoperative anorectal disorders by colorectal surgeons was significantly different from the items listed in the LARS score. 48.4% of respondents use drugs to treat LARS but therapies varied from surgeons to surgeons. C﻿onclusions There is a lack of knowledge relating to LARS in colorectal surgeons. Clinical guidelines should be developed to guide medical staff in effective management of patients with LARS.
Laparoscopic Radical Antegrade Modular Pancreatosplenectomy: Preliminary Experience with 10 Cases
Authors: Zhang Ren-Chao , Gan Xin-Jun , Song Wei , Shi Song-Tao , Yu Hui-Fang , Mou Yi-Ping
Published: August 2020

Background: The radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy (RAMPS) which is a reasonable surgical approach for left-sided pancreatic cancer is emphasis on the complete resection of regional lymph nodes and tumor-free margin resection. Laparoscopic radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy(LRAMPS) has been rarely performed, with only 49 cases indexed on PubMed. In this study, we present our experience of LRAMPS. Methods: From December 2018 to February 2020, 10 patients underwent LRAMPS for pancreatic cancer at our department. The data of the patient demographics, intraoperative variables , postoperative hospital stay, morbidity, mortality, pathologic findings and follow-up were collected.Results: LRAMPS was performed successfully in all the patients. The median operative time was 235 minutes (range, 212-270min), with an EBL of 120ml(range,100-200ml) . Postoperative complications occurred in 5 (50.0%) patients. Three patients developed a grade B pancreatic fistula. There was no postoperative 30-day mortality and reoperation. The median postoperative hospital stay was 14 days(range,9- 24d).The median count of retrieved lymph nodes was 15 (range, 13–21), and four patients (40%) had malignant-positive lymph nodes. All cases achieved a negative tangential margin and R0 resection.Median follow-up time was 11 months (range, 3–14m). Two patients developed disease recurrence(pancreatic bed recurrence and liver metastasis) 9 months,10 months after surgery,respectively. Others survived without tumor recurrence or metastasis．Conclusions: LRAMPS is technically safe and feasible procedure in well-selected patients with pancreatic cancer in the distal pancreas. The oncologically outcomes need to be further validated based on additional large-volume studies.
Dynamic connectedness between stock markets in the presence of COVID-19 pandemic: Does economic policy uncertainty matter?
Authors: Youssef Manel , Mokni Khaled , Ajmi Ahdi Noomen
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we investigate the dynamic connectedness between the stock indices in the eight most endemic countries by the COVID-19 (China, Italy, France, Germany, Spain, Russia, U.S., and the U.K) as well as the effect of the economic policy uncertainty (EPU) by implementing the TVP-VAR model for daily data over the period spanning from 01/01/2015 to 05/18/2020. Results show that stock markets are highly connected during the entire period, while the dynamic spillovers reached unprecedented heights during the COVID-19 pandemic in the first quarter of the year 2020. Moreover, we find that the European stock markets transmit more spillovers to all other stock markets more than they receive (except for Italy), mainly during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Also, findings show that the sign of the effect of the EPU on the net connectedness changes during the onset of the pandemic, showing that information spillovers from a given market may be seen as good or bad news for other markets, given the economic situation prevailing. From the results of this study, important implications can be provided for individual investors, portfolio managers, policymakers, investment banks, and central banks.
Contact Tracing is Associated with Lower COVID-19 Case Fatality Rates: Evidence from 40 countries
Authors: YALAMAN ABDULLAH , BASBUG GOKCE , ELGIN CEYHUN , GALVANI ALISON P.
Published: August 2020

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has killed over 725,000 people since its emergence in late 2019. As of early August 2020, there has been substantial variability in the policies and intensity of diagnostic efforts between countries. In this paper, we quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of the national contact tracing policy in decreasing case fatality rates of COVID-19 in 40 countries. Our regression analyses indicate that countries that utilize comprehensive contact tracing have significantly lower case fatality rates. The association of contact tracing policy and case fatality rates is robust and observed in regression models using cross-sectional and panel data, even controlling for the number of tests conducted and non-pharmaceutical control measures adopted by governments. Our results suggest that comprehensive contact tracing is instrumental not only to curtailing transmission but also to reducing case fatality rates by early detection and isolation of secondary cases and ultimately diminishing the burden on the healthcare system and speeding the rate at which infected individuals receive the medical care they need to maximize their chance of recovery.
Medical student support for vulnerable patients during COVID-19 – a convergent mixed-methods study
Authors: Ladds Emma , Hughes Tirion , Bowman Amelia , Chan Joyce , Gadsby Katrina , Hughes Martha , Humphries Maya , Johnston Aaron , King Georgina , Knock Megan , Malhi Kaveeta , Mickute Gerda , Okpalugo Ebubechi , Oliver Madeleine , Perera Vimukthi , Pickles Florence , Pollack Lily , Pullen Lucienne , Samuels Ffion , Sexton Harriet , Shutler Laura , Smith Rebecca , Tanner Pippa
Published: August 2020

Background: The coronavirus pandemic has exerted significant impacts on primary care, causing rapid digital transformation, exacerbating social isolation, and disrupting medical student and General Practitioner [GP] trainee education. Here we report on a medical student telephone initiative set-up by a GP trainee, which aimed to support patients at high risk and vulnerable to the Coronavirus Disease of 2019 [Covid-19]. In addition, it was hoped the project would mitigate a digital divide, enable proactive anticipatory planning, and provide an active learning environment to compensate for the pandemic’s impact on medical education. Methods:33 medical students conducted daily telephone conversations with high risk and vulnerable patients. They confirmed public health messages, offered details for voluntary support groups, established need for medication delivery, explored levels of digital connectivity, and prompted discussions around end-of-life choices. Students had access to online reflective resources and daily remote debriefing sessions with the GP trainee. A convergent mixed-methods evaluation was subsequently undertaken, using quantitative process and descriptive data and individual qualitative interviews were conducted according to a maximal variation sampling strategy with students, GPs, and the GP trainee. Inductive thematic analysis was then applied with cross-validation, respondent validation, and rich evidential illustration aiding integrity. Results:97 ‘high risk’ and 781 ‘vulnerable’ calls were made. Individuals were generally aware of public heath information, but some struggled to interpret and apply it within their own lives. Therefore respondents felt students provided additional practical and psychological benefits, particularly with regard to strengthening the links with the community voluntary groups. The project was widely liked by students who reported high levels of skill development and widened awareness, particularly valuing the active learning environment and reflective feedback sessions. Conclusion:This study demonstrates utilization of medical students as wider assets within the primary health care team, with an initiative that enables support for vulnerable patients whilst promoting active medical education. Ongoing integration of students within ‘normal’ primary health care roles, such as chronic disease or mental health reviews, could provide similar opportunities for supported active and reflective learning.
A Comparison of the Demographics, Injury Patterns and Outcome Data for Patients Injured in Motor Vehicle Collisions Who Are Trapped Compared to Those Patients Who Are Not Trapped
Authors: Nutbeam Tim , Fenwick Rob , Smith Jason , Bouamra Omar , Wallis Lee , Stassen Willem
Published: August 2020

Background Motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) are a common cause of major trauma and death. Following an MVC, up to 40% of patients will be trapped in their vehicle. Extrication methods are focused on the prevention of secondary spinal injury through movement minimisation and mitigation. This approach is time consuming and patients may have time-critical injuries. Understanding the outcomes and injuries of those trapped following an MVC will help guide meaningful patient-focused interventions and future extrication strategies.Methods We undertook a retrospective database study using the Trauma Audit and Research Network database. Patients who were admitted to an English hospital following an MVC from 2012-2018. Patients were excluded when their outcomes were not known or if they were secondary transfers.Results This analysis identified 426,135 cases of which 63,625 patients were included: 6983 trapped and 56,642 not trapped. Trapped patients had a higher mortality (8.9% vs 5.0%, p<0.001). Spinal cord injuries were rare (0.29% of all extrications) but frequently (50.1%) associated with other severe injuries. Spinal cord injuries were more common in patients who were not trapped (p<0.001). Injury Severity Score (ISS) was higher in the trapped group 18 (IQR 10-29) vs 13 (IQR 9-22). Trapped patients had more deranged physiology with lower blood pressures, lower oxygen saturations and lower Glasgow comas Scale, GCS (all p<0.001). Trapped patients had more significant injuries of the head chest, abdomen and spine (all p<0.001) and an increased rate of pelvic injures with significant blood loss, blood loss from other areas or tension pneumothorax (all p<0.001). Conclusion Trapped patients are more likely to die than those who are not trapped. The frequency of spinal cord injuries is low, accounting for <0.3% of all patients extricated. Patients who are trapped are more likely to have time-critical injuries requiring intervention. Extrication takes time and when considering the frequency, type and severity of injuries reported here, the benefit of movement minimisation may be outweighed by the additional time taken. Improved extrication strategies should be developed which are evidence-based and allow for the expedient management of other life-threatening injuries.
All-Arthroscopic Repair of Atzei Class II and III Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Tears Using the FasT-Fix Suture Device
Authors: Tsai Mengchun , Lin Yi-Hsuan , Chiu Chih-Hao , Cheng Chun-Ying , Chan Yi-Sheng , Chen Alvin Chao-Yu
Published: August 2020

Background
The study is aimed to propose an arthroscopic repair technique using a pre-tied suture device for peripheral TFCC tear with proximal component involvement.
Methods
Through a retrospective review in the medical records of patients who underwent unilateral arthroscopic repair for TFCC Palmer IB lesion between 2017 and 2019, 12 patients were arthroscopically diagnosed as proximal component tear and received more than one year follow-up postoperatively. The arthroscope was introduced from 6R portal to discriminate Atzei class II from III lesions by a “visualization test”, and to supervise the repair procedure using pre-tied FasT-Fix suture device from 3–4 portal. Two poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) blocks were further advanced along the device needle to finally seat outside the ulnar joint capsule, followed by gradually tightening the pre-tied suture loop until the TFCC periphery was securely repositioned and held stably.
Results
Operation time averaged 87 minutes. Four patients were diagnosed to be Atzei class II lesion as full thickness tear of distal component was arthroscopically identified from 6R portal while the other 8 exhibited partial thickness tear and were categorized as class III lesion. Follow-up averaged 15 months with a range of 12 to 24 months. Myao modified wrist score improved from 61.3 preoperatively to 90.4 at the latest visit.
Conclusions
A novel technique for diagnosis and all-arthroscopic repair in TFCC Atzei class II and III lesions using a pre-tied suture device is a feasible and safe option with promising results.
Breastfeeding Techniques and Associated Factors among Mothers before Discharge: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: LI Sen , zhu dan
Published: August 2020

BackgroundBreastfeeding techniques are strongly associated with the exclusive breastfeeding. It is the very key time to improve mothers’ breastfeeding techniques during staying in the hospital and delivery institution, but there is little study about in-hospital breastfeeding techniques in China. This study aimed to assess the breastfeeding techniques and its associated factors among mothers in hospital. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in Peking university people’s hospital, china, from March 19, 2018 to April 27, 2018. 153 mothers selected by convenience sampling technique were investigated by questionnaire survey, which includes the LATCH scoring system, the general information and breastfeeding behavior questionnaire, the breastfeeding knowledge questionnaire, and the Chinese version of maternal breastfeeding evaluation scale (MBFES). Factors associated with in-hospital breastfeeding techniques were determined by multiple regression analysis. ResultsThe average score of breastfeeding techniques assessed before discharge was 8.63, the multipara, long hospital staying, and high breastfeeding satisfaction were positive effects to breastfeeding techniques before discharge (P<0.05), which could explain 11.2% of the variance.ConclusionAlthough the breastfeeding techniques before discharge are high, we can still make efforts to improve it. Implementing measures to promote breastfeeding, provide breastfeeding guidance right after delivery, take timely evaluation and specific guidance will be conducive to improve the breastfeeding techniques and do help to increase the exclusive breastfeeding rate.
The Health Scare of COVID-19: Implication of Pandemics and the immune-related pharmaceutical products spillovers in USA 
Authors: Alola Andrew Adewale , Olowu Funmilayo Boluwatife
Published: August 2020

In view of the sector-wide effect of the nCOVID-19 pandemic in the United States and the probable effect on certain over-the-counter (OTC) pharmaceutical products, the current study examined potential inflation in the pharmaceutical industry due to uncertainty in pandemics. In this case, the United States’ producer price indexes vis-à-vis inflation of the immune-related pharmaceutical items: multivitamin, vitamins nutrients and hematinic (V-N-H), other vitamins (other-V), antidepressant, and antidiabetic were examined alongside the uncertainties arising from the world pandemic and economic policy. Thus, the Diebold and Yilmaz (2012) result implied that the world pandemic uncertainty contributed a significantly huge shock to the entire elements such that the shocks to V-N-H and multivitamins are larger than the other examined pharmaceutical compounds. Importantly, the statistical evidence implied that uncertainty arising from pandemic is responsible for the severity of shock received by the indicated pharmaceutical products as against economic policy uncertainty. Thus, a relevant policy inference is posited from the result of the study.
An Exploration and Forecast of COVID-19 in Mexico with Machine Learning
Authors: Gomez-Cravioto Daniela A. , Diaz-Ramos Ramon E. , Cantu-Ortiz Francisco J. , Ceballos Hector G.
Published: August 2020

Background: To understand and approach the COVID-19 spread, Machine Learning offers fundamental tools. This study presents the use of machine learning techniques for the projection of COVID-19 infections and deaths in Mexico. The research has three main objectives: first, to identify which function adjusts the best to the infected population growth in Mexico; second, to determine the feature importance of climate and mobility; third, to compare the results of a traditional time series statistical model with a modern approach in machine learning. The motivation for this work is to support health care providers in their preparation and planning. Methods: The methods used are linear, polynomial, and generalized logistic regression models to evaluate the growth of the COVID-19 incidents in the country. Additionally, machine learning and time-series techniques are used to identify feature importance and perform forecasting for daily cases and fatalities. The study uses the publicly available data sets from the John Hopkins University of Medicine in conjunction with mobility rates obtained from Google’s Mobility Reports and climate variables acquired from Weather Online. Results: The results suggest that the logistic growth model fits best the behavior of the pandemic in Mexico, that there is a significant correlation of climate and mobility variables with the disease numbers, and that LSTM is a more suitable approach for the prediction of daily cases. Conclusion: We hope that this study can make some contributions to the world’s response to this epidemic as well as give some references for future research.
L-18 Polymorphisms Impose Considerable Impacts on Acute Myeloid Leukemia Occurrence
Authors: Qu Hong , Cheng Shuqin , Xie Weicheng
Published: August 2020

Background: Interleukin 18 (IL-18), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, play multiple roles in immune and inflammatory responses. It also closely associates with the development and treatment of cancers. Present study was aimed to explore the effects of rs1946518 and rs187238 polymorphisms in promoter region of IL-18 gene for the acute myeloid leukemia (AML) susceptibility. Methods: Present case-control study recruited 128 AML patients and 145 healthy individuals. TaqMan assay method was used to sequence the IL-18 polymorphisms in all of the subjects. Serum concentration of IL-18 was detected by ELISA kit. Association between IL-18 polymorphisms and AML susceptibility was assessed by χ2 test. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were utilized to present the association strength.Results: G allele of rs1946518 distinctly associated with increased susceptibility of AML (P=0.045, OR=1.418, 95%CI=1.007-1.997). Higher frequency of rs187238 GG genotype in AML patients indicated that it significantly associated with enhanced AML susceptibility (P=0.017, OR=4.081, 95%CI=1.273-13.089). Meanwhile, positive association also has been discovered between rs187238 G allele and AML risk (P=0.001, OR=2.155, 95%CI=1.341-3.464). Besides, rs187238 GG genotype might obviously decrease the serum concentration of IL-18 in AML patients.Conclusions: Minor allele of IL-18 rs1946518 and rs187238 polymorphisms might positively associate with the AML susceptibility might via alter the IL-18 concentration.
Water quantification in olivine and wadsleyite by Raman spectroscopy and study of errors and uncertainties
Authors: Martinek Loïs , Bolfan-Casanova Nathalie
Published: August 2020

The study of nominally anhydrous minerals with vibrational spectroscopy, despite its sensitivity, tends to produce large uncertainties (in absorbance or intensity) if the observed dispersion of the values arising from the anisotropy of interaction with light in non-cubic minerals is not assessed. In this study, we focused on Raman spectroscopy, which allows the measurement of crystals down to a few micrometers in size in backscattered geometry, and with any water content, down to 200 ppm by weight of water. Using synthetic hydrous single-crystals of olivine and wadsleyite, we demonstrate that under ideal conditions of measurement and sampling, the data dispersion reaches ±30% of the average (at 1s) for olivine and ±32% for wadsleyite, mostly because of their natural anisotropy. As this anisotropy is linked to physical properties of the mineral, it should not be completely considered as an error without treatment. By simulating a large number of measurements with a 3D model of the OH/Si spectral intensity ratio for olivine and wadsleyite as a function of orientation, we observe that although dispersion increases when increasing the number of measured points in the sample, analytical error decreases, and the contribution of anisotropy to this error decreases. With a sufficient number of points (five to ten, depending on the measurement method), the greatest contribution to the error on the measured intensities is related to the instrument's biases and reaches 12 to 15% in ideal cases, indicating that laser and power drift corrections have to be carefully performed. We finally applied this knowledge on error sources (to translate data dispersion into analytical error) on olivine and wadsleyite standards with known water contents to build calibration lines for each mineral to convert the intensity ratio of the water bands over the structural bands (OH/Si) to water content. The conversion factors from OH/Si to parts per million by weight of water (H2O) are 93 108 ± 24 005 for olivine, 250 868 ± 53 827 for iron-bearing wadsleyite, and 57 862 ± 12 487 for iron-free wadsleyite, showing the strong effect of iron on the spectral intensities.
Relationship between 207Pb NMR chemical shift and the morphology and crystal structure for the apatites Pb5(AO4)3Cl, vanadinite (A = V), pyromorphite (A = P), and mimetite (A = As)
Authors: Zeman Otto E.O. , Hochleitner Rupert , Schmahl Wolfgang W. , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Bräuniger Thomas
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we discuss information on crystal structure and morphology available from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of 207Pb for the mineral family [Pb(4f)]2[Pb(6h)]3(AO4)3Cl with A = V (vanadinite), P (pyromorphite), and As (mimetite). The isotropic chemical shift of the 207Pb atoms at Wyckoff positions 4f and 6h was (re-)determined from either static single-crystal or magic angle spinning NMR experiments. This isotropic shift can be linearly correlated to the unit-cell volume within the mineral family, and in the wider context of lead-bearing minerals, to the shortest Pb-O distance for position 4f, in which 207Pb is solely coordinated by oxygen. By evaluating the number of resonances and their respective line widths in the 207Pb-NMR spectra of these three naturally grown minerals, it could be established that vanadinite forms single-domain macroscopic crystals with very small mosaicity, whereas pyromorphite crystals show NMR characteristics, which can be interpreted as being caused by significant mosaicity. In some instances, this mosaic spread could be quantitatively approximated by a Gaussian distribution with a standard deviation angle of σ = 5°. In contrast, our mimetite specimen was composed of multiple sub-crystals with a very high variability of orientations, going beyond mere mosaicity effects. By extending the NMR methodology presented here to other minerals, it may be possible to gain new insights about structure-property relationships and the morphology of natural grown minerals.
Quantum echo dynamics in the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model
Authors: Pappalardi Silvia , Polkovnikov Anatoli , Silva Alessandro
Published: August 2020

Understanding the footprints of chaos in quantum-many-body systems has been under debate for a long time.
In this work, we study the echo dynamics of the
Sherrington-Kirkpatrick (SK) model with transverse field under effective time reversal. We investigate numerically its quantum and semiclassical dynamics. We explore how chaotic many-body quantum physics can lead to
exponential divergence of the echo of observables and we show that it is a result of three requirements: i) the collective nature of the observable, ii) a properly chosen initial state and iii) the existence of a well-defined chaotic semi-classical (large-N) limit.
Under these conditions, the echo grows exponentially up to the Ehrenfest time, which scales logarithmically with the number of spins N. In this regime, the echo is well described by the semiclassical (truncated Wigner) approximation.
We also discuss a short-range version of the SK model, where the Ehrenfest time does not depend on N and the quantum echo shows only polynomial growth.
Our findings provide new insights on scrambling and echo dynamics and how to observe it experimentally.
Os direitos humanos em conflito:
Authors: Da Silva Ananias Agostinho
Published: August 2020

Este trabalho analisa interações verbais polêmicas sobre a temática direitos humanos no atual contexto brasileiro em comentários de usuários do site de rede social Facebook, atentando para estratégias linguísticas por eles mobilizadas para a inscrição de seus pontos de vista, bem como observando as funções que o desacordo, a violência verbal e a emoção podem exercer na construção de polêmicas públicas sobre temas relacionados à humanização de direitos considerados como essenciais à vida. Para tanto, fundamenta-se nos estudos de Amossy (2018, 2017a, 2017b) e em trabalhos de autores como Kerbrat-Orecchioni (1998, 2006, 2014), Brown e Levinson (1999), dentre outros. Os resultados obtidos a partir da análise dos dados sugerem que a violência verbal e a emoção assumem diversas funções nas interações de usuários em sites de redes sociais. Apesar de não serem constitutivas da polêmica, essas estratégias linguísticas exacerbam a polêmica, porque acirram a polarização e a desqualificação do outro.

utro.
Modalidade deôntica e construção argumentativa nas Cartas Apostólicas do Papa Francisco
Authors: Oliveira André Silva
Published: August 2020

Neste artigo, buscamos investigar os aspectos semântico-discursivos da modalidade deôntica nas Cartas Apostólicas do Papa Francisco redigidas em língua espanhola entre os anos de 2013 e 2019. Para isso, recorremos a tipologia das modalidades de Hengeveld (2004), que define a modalidade deôntica como aquela que é relativa ao que é legalmente, socialmente e moralmente aceito em termos de regras e conduta social. A partir da leitura e análise do corpus, constatamos que o sujeito semântico tende a ser mais especificado [+ específico], cuja orientação modal mais recorrente foi para o Participante, em que lhe recaia a obrigação, permissão ou proibição de (não) realizar o evento descrito pelo predicado. Averiguamos que os estados-de-coisas, sobre os quais incidiam os valores modais deônticos, em sua maioria, o de obrigação, mostraram-se, majoritariamente, dinâmicos [+ dinâmico] e com polaridade positiva, isto é, sem a anteposição de alguma partícula de negação.
VULNERABILIDADE SOCIAL E INFRAESTRUTURAL NA ÁREA URBANA DE CAMPINA GRANDE, PARAÍBA, BRASIL
Authors: Silva Rejane do Nascimento da , Marques Alexandre Henrique Carvalho , Araújo Sérgio Murilo Santos de , Cunico Camila
Published: August 2020

O aumento do número de desastres naturais suscitou a necessidade de compreensão deste fenômeno principalmente no que diz respeito à identificação dos territórios mais vulneráveis pois, apesar de na sociedade atual todos os indivíduos estarem em constante exposição aos riscos, as formas como os indivíduos se adaptam frente a eventos danosos são diferentes. Neste sentido, estudos atuais têm se voltado principalmente para a mensuração da vulnerabilidade a partir de indicadores. Com base nessas premissas, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar como a vulnerabilidade é expressa na área urbana do município de Campina Grande - PB. Desta forma, são analisadas as dimensões social e infraestrutural para a construção do índice.  Para a elaboração do Índice de Vulnerabilidade Social e Infraestrutural (IVSI) foram seguidas as etapas propostas por Tate (2012). O principal objetivo deste procedimento foi identificar quais os setores censitários que apresentaram valores de IVSI acima da mediana da distribuição amostral do IVSI obtido para a cidade Campina Grande. Os resultados mostraram que vulnerabilidade social e infraestrutural na área urbana de Campina Grande apresentam-se da seguinte forma: níveis baixos de vulnerabilidade na área central da cidade e níveis altos dispostos principalmente nas margens do perímetro urbano.
Novel and Relevant Mechanistic Pathways
Authors: Wilkins Martin R. , Rabinovitch Marlene
Published: August 2020

The current treatments for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) relieve symptoms and may slow the course of the condition but are challenged by the underlying vascular pathology. New treatments are required to arrest and reverse PAH. Here we review a number of exciting candidates based on our understanding of the mechanisms driving the condition.