bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potensi Antibakteri Triphala Sebagai Bahan Irigasi Saluran Akar Terhadap Bakteri Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Permatasari Rina , Wulandari Desti Suci
Published: March 2024

Background: Root canal treatment aims to maintain the infected tooth so that it can be accepted biologically by the surrounding tissue. One of the important step in root canal treatment is root canal irrigation. Enterococcus faecalis is the most common bacteria found in cases of failure root canal treatment. The ideal root canal irrigation material should have antibacterial properties. Triphala contain several phytochemicals such as citric acid, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and quinones which are effective as antibacterial agents. Purpose: To explain the antibacterial potential of triphala as a root canal irrigation against Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. Method: Based on sources obtained from journals, textbooks, and websites accessed through the Google Scholar database, PubMed, Research Gate, dan NCBI. The types of references taken are in the form of research reports, literature studies, published from 2012–2021. Conclusion: Triphala has potential as an alternative material to root canal irrigation because it is proven effective in eliminating Enterococcus faecalis bacteria compared to other herbal material. Other studies have proven that triphala is not better than non-herbal materials, although there are several studies that say equal or otherwise.
Fixed Prosthodontic Treatment of Patient with Anterior Deep Bite- A case report
Authors: Fitria Ivony , Gunawan Gunawan , Al Annuri Qorrie Furqan , Rifani Ayesa
Published: March 2024

The condition of oral cavity greatly influences the patient's dental care and treatment. In prosthodontic treatments, the anatomy and arrangement of the teeth is one of the factors that must be considered in order to be able to plan a treatment design. Deep bite with larger overlap of the maxillary and mandibular incisors make the lateral load borne by the teeth become greater. This can cause damage to the tooth and periodontal tissues, as well as failure of the denture. This article reports on the treatment of edentulous of the tooth 21 with deep bite with convetional brigde PFM. Clinical examination showed that there was an overlap between the upper central incisors and the lower incisors by 5 mm and there was a toothwear defect in the form of attrition on teeth 31 and 41. The patient was planned to have a 3 unit conventional bridge made with porcelain fused to metal with a metal backing design to reduce the thickness of the preparation in palatal area and minimize contact with opposing teeth. At the insertion, the patient's occlusion is checked and evaluated so that there are no premature contacts and occlusal interference during centric and eccentric movements. The patient is satisfied with the results of the treatment. Treatment with fixed partial denture in deepbite must be well designed and planned to achieve successful treatment.
Efektivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Biji Alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Sholekhah Irma , Hidayati Hidayati , Kustantiningtyastuti Didin
Published: March 2024

Background : Streptococcus mutans bacteria are the main microorganisms that play an important role in the etiology of caries. Prevention of dental caries can be done by reducing the formation of plaque on the surface of the teeth, one of which is through the use of antibacterial compounds contained in avocado seed extract. Purpose : This study is to determine the antibacterial effectiveness of avocado seed extract in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. Methods : This research method is an experimental laboratory with a post-test control group design. The avocado seed extract is made with a maceration technique with the result of a concentration of avocado seed extract of 100% then diluted using aquadest so that avocado seed extract concentrations of 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% are obtained. The inhibitory test was done by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion on Mueller Hinton Agar. The inhibition zone formed around the disc is measured using a caliper. The data analysis used was the One Way Anova test and continued with the Post Hoc LSD test. Results : The results showed that avocado seed extract at all concentrations can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. The largest inhibitory zone diameter at a concentration of 25% with a diameter of 12.25 mm and the diameter of the smallest inhibitory zone at a concentration of 10% at 10.48mm. the results of statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences between the inhibition zones of each avocado seed extract concentration (p<0.05).Conclusions : there is an effect of avocado seed extract (Persea americana Mill.) in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria with extract concentrations of 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%.
Potensi Aloe vera sebagai Bahan Disinfeksi Kon Gutaperca sebelum Pengisian Saluran Akar
Authors: Faradita As Syifa , Permatasari Rina
Published: March 2024

Background: Obturation of the root canal aims to close access from the coronal and from the apical into the root canal. Currently the most widely used root canal filling material is guttapercha, due to its plastic properties, easy to manipulate, and easy to remove if necessary. Before use, guttapercha should be disinfected first to avoid re-infection of the root canal. One of the herbal plants that can be used as a guttaperca disinfectant is the Aloe vera plant because it contains phytochemical compounds that are antibacterial. Objective: To explain the potency of the herbal plant Aloe vera as a guttaperca disinfectant before root canal filling. Method: Collecting references in the form of research reports and literature studies as well as textbooks containing theories related to writing titles accessed through the Google Scholar, Research Gate, and NCBI databases published from 2012–2021. Conclusion: Aloe vera has the potential as an alternative material for disinfecting gutta percha because it has a fairly good antibacterial effect with very minimal side effects, so that Aloe vera can be a promising disinfectant in the future.
Investigation of Surface-Catalycity Effects on Hypersonic Glide Vehicle Trajectory Optimization
Authors: Rataczak Jens A. , Chaudhry Ross S. , McMahon Jay W. , Boyd Iain D.
Published: March 2024

The optimization of a hypersonic glide vehicle’s reachable domain is studied using different models to constrain the stagnation-point heat transfer. The vehicle is modeled as a high-lift common aero vehicle that uses bank-angle modulation for crossrange maneuvering with a leading-edge thermal protection system made of an ultra-high-temperature ceramic. A constrained nonlinear optimization problem is formulated to determine the range of feasible trajectories that satisfy aerodynamic heating and loading constraints. The optimal control profile is determined using a modified particle swarm optimization routine that employs a penalty function approach to handle path and terminal constraints. Baseline trajectories are determined using an existing convective heat-flux correlation, and the effect of surface catalycity on the optimized trajectories is investigated by applying a correction factor, derived from high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics simulations, to the heat-flux correlation. Results demonstrate a high sensitivity of the optimized trajectories to the underlying aerothermodynamics model such that accounting for surface catalycity expands the reachability by an order of magnitude.
Nonlinear Evolution of Instabilities in a Laminar Separation Bubble at Hypersonic Speeds
Authors: Li Fei , Choudhari Meelan , Paredes Pedro , Scholten Anton
Published: March 2024

The development of both convective stationary perturbation and global instabilities in the vicinity of a laminar separation bubble above an axisymmetric compression corner in hypersonic flow was investigated using numerical simulations. The flow configuration of interest corresponded to the cone–cylinder–flare model used in experimental measurements in the Boeing/U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research Mach-6 Quiet Tunnel (BAMQT) at Purdue University. For a flare angle of 10 deg and unit Reynolds number of [Formula: see text], their surface flow visualizations identified the presence of streamwise elongated thermal streaks near the reattachment location that had a dominant azimuthal wave number [Formula: see text]. Previous linear stability analyses predicted that the amplification characteristics of small-amplitude, unsteady, and convective instabilities within this flow were consistent with the surface pressure fluctuations measured in the experiment. However, their accompanying investigation of global instabilities showed that the separation bubble was weakly unstable at the 10 deg flare angle, with the most unstable global mode corresponding to a stationary disturbance with [Formula: see text] (i.e., well below the measured wave number of [Formula: see text]. Besides characterizing the global instability for selected flare angles, the present numerical simulations quantify the details of the stationary equilibrium state associated with supercritical bifurcation resulting from the nonlinear saturation of the unstable global mode. Although velocity perturbations associated with the saturated global mode are dominated by the fundamental spanwise wavelength associated with the linear global instability, the surface heat flux downstream of the reattachment is dominated by [Formula: see text], in agreement with the experimental measurements.
Determination of heavy metals concentration in commercial green tea samples by using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES)
Authors: Keerthi K. , Lohith E.A. , Vasantha T. , Siva Kumar K. , Jyothi N.V.V.
Published: March 2024

Tea is one of the most consumed beverages across the world as it refreshes their psychic health rejuvenating them from stress. The aim of the present work is to determine the heavy metals and physicochemical parameters present in green tea (GT) made from major brands available in the local Indian market, more specifically heavy metals Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), Selenium (Se) and Zinc (Zn). A total of four samples were investigated with the Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES). Arsenic concentration was not detected in any one of the samples. Cr concentration was found to be the same in all the samples at a very low concentration of 0.001mg kg-1, Cd concentration varies from 0.04 to 0.07 mg kg-1, Pb concentration varies from 0.03 to 0.08 mg kg-1, Se concentration varies from 0.068 to 0.098 mg kg-1 and Zn concentration varies from 9.45 to 18.16 mg kg-1 respectively and their concentration levels are below the permissible limits of WHO. The concentrations of present anion groups like SO42-, S2-, NO3-, NO2-, PO43- and NH3 in the selected samples were high and might affect the health of the consumers of green tea.
Microbiocidal Studies of Some Azo Dyes
Authors: Rao T.V.R.K. , Kumari Chanchal , Kumar Arjun
Published: March 2024

Microbiocidal potential of some azo dyes has been studied. Polydentate azo dyes viz. 1-(2’-carbo xyphenylazo)-2-naphthol, 5-(2’-carboxyphenylazo)-8-hydroxyquinoline, 5-(2’-carboxyphenylazo)salicylic acid and 4-(2’-carboxyphenylazo)resorcinol were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared (FTIR) and 1H NMR spectral studies. The dyes were screened for antibacterial sensitivities against the Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Gram negative bacteria Enterobacter aerogenes and Escherichia coli at four concentrations of the dyes viz. 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/ml, in acetone. Results revealed a high to low potency of the dyes as antibacterials. 5-(2’-carboxyphenylazo)salicylic acid and 4-(2’-carboxyphenylazo) resorcinol in the concentration range of 1 to 2mg/ml, were found to be more potent in inhibiting the bacterial growth uniformly towards all the three bacteria. A possible role of salicylate or resorcinol moieties, in addition to azo group of these dyes in their higher microbiocidal activities may be envisaged. These azo dyes may, thus, be of medicinal value.
Novel anti-breast cancer unsaturated fatty acids isolated from Nigella sativa L.
Authors: Samajdar Saptarshi
Published: March 2024

Nigella sativa L. has been used for thousands of years as a remedy for various disorders due to its broad spectrum pharmacological action including anticancer, antifungal, anthelminthic, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, etc. A methanolic extract was prepared using the seeds of Nigella sativa L. Column chromatographic purification using silica gravity column using the methanolic extract led to the isolation of two compounds. The structures of the compounds were elucidated using NMR (1H, 13C, HSQC, HMBC) and HRMS spectral data. The isolated compounds were found to be (9Z,12Z)- 17- propyloctadeca- 9,12-diene-1,3,7,18- tetraol(I) and (9Z,12Z,15Z)-17-hydroxy- (hydroxymethyl)- 7-((Z)- 10-iododec-6-en-1-yl) heptadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid(II). The isolated compounds were tested for anticancer properties and both of them showed promising results (4.69± 0.09 μg/ml and 9.88± 0.17 μg/ml respectively) in MDA-MB-231 cell lines.
Synergizing Environmental Sustainability: Unveiling the Nexus between Life Cycle Analysis and Circular Economy in the Water Sector
Authors: Waikar Mohnish , Sadgir Parag
Published: March 2024

Over-extraction and pollution surge have created a serious management challenge for the world's water resources. Rising demand, inadequate water resource management infrastructure and unequal distribution intensify the scarcity crisis. Sustainable solutions are necessary to ensure availability, environmental conservation and resilience in the face of escalating water challenges worldwide. In today's world, the primary goal is to mitigate impact on resources. Thus, life cycle analysis (LCA), a widely embraced methodology for impact assessment can be applied for sustainable management of resources. Circular economy (CE) is the new sustainable approach by which we can reduce the waste generation by reusing and recycling the products to form a loop. Utilising LCA, environmental consequences of human activities and developing solutions for reducing waste, can put CE into practice effectively. Transforming waste into a valuable resource, whether through natural or scientific means, plays a pivotal role in advancing the principles of circular economy. The detailed application of LCA and the efficient incorporation of CE principles contribute significantly to environmental sustainability. This study articulates the interplay between CE and LCA, outlining key steps in water management. It provides a comprehensive overview of literature on life cycle analysis and circular economy, specifically focusing on their major applications in the water and wastewater treatment domain. To successfully apply circular economy, future research should concentrate on improving the processes for incorporating circular economy ideas into life cycle assessments (LCAs) and encouraging cooperation between academicians, decision-makers and stake holders.
Geometrical Electronic parameters, Vibrational Assignment docking studies, Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of (1- benzyl)-2-(-2-Methoxyphenylamino thiazol-4yl)benzimidaole
Authors: Anashafer R.L. , Harsha J. , Selvin Pragalath Paul S.P. , Abbs Fen Reji T.F.
Published: March 2024

The compound(1- benzyl)-2-(-2-Methoxyphenylamino thiazol-4yl)benzimidazole was characterized by IR spectral data The optimized .molecular geometry ,bond lengths, bond angle and dihedral angle of the titled compound have been investigated by Density Functional Theory (DFT) method, using B3LYP method with 3-21G basic set available in Gaussian 09 package. The IR spectra were obtained and assigned by vibrational analysis and found to be reliable compared with the literature observation. The Mulliken population analysis on atomic charges has been computed using DFT calculation. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energy gaps also confirm that charge transfer occurs within the molecule. The compound has highest activity against Hep-C cell line. The antioxidant study also evaluated excellent IC50 value. It shows the best inhibitory concentration against breast cancer. The (1- benzyl)-2-(-2-Methoxyphenylamino thiazol-4yl)benzimidazole compound was highly active on the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line.
Synthesis and Characterization of 4-(1-(2H benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-2-ylimino)ethyl)benzonitrile and amino acid alanine and its Metal Complexes
Authors: Ramya Charitha K. , Kavitha P.
Published: March 2024

The biological actions of transition metal ion complexes with mixed ligands are very different. Amino acid and azomethine containing Schiff bases are very useful building blocks for ternary complexes. The interaction of two ligands 4-(1-(2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-2-ylimino)ethyl)benzonitrile as L1 and an amino acid alanine as L2, with newly synthesized cuprous chloride solution in a 1:1:1 molar ratio using standard reflux approach has been attempted to create unique metal(I) complexes. Elemental analysis, molecular weight, magnetic moment, thermal analysis and spectroscopic methods are used to characterize the produced ligand and metal(I) complexes. Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans were used as test organisms in antibacterial tests of the produced compounds. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of the metal (I) complexes have been shown to be very high against ciprofloxacin, ketoconazole.
Electronic Strong Coupling Modifies the Ground-state Intermolecular Interactions in Chlorin Thin Films
Authors: Biswas Subha , Mondal Mainak , Chandrasekharan Gokul , Singh Akshay , Thomas Anoop
Published: March 2024

The electronic strong coupling (ESC) of a molecular transition with cavity modes can result in modified excited state photophysics compared to its uncoupled counterparts. Often, such changes are attributed to kinetics effects, overlooking the possible modifications to ground-state intermolecular interactions. The spin-coated films of Chlorin e6 trimethyl ester (Ce6T) provide a platform for studying the role of ESC in dictating photophysics and intermolecular interactions. The preorganization of Ce6T molecules in thin films facilitates intermolecular excitonic interaction, leading to an intense excimer-like emission upon photoexcitation. Interestingly, the ESC of the Ce6T Q-band results in modified luminescence characteristics, where the polaritonic emission dominates over the excimer-like emission. Remarkably, our steady-state, time-resolved emission and the excitation spectral analysis reveal that ESC suppresses the ground-state intermolecular excitonic interactions that otherwise exist in the preorganized Ce6T thin films. These findings will provide valuable insights into the fundamentals of quantum light-matter interactions and coherent energy transport processes.
Tuning sorbent properties to reduce the cost of direct air capture
Authors: Holmes Hannah E. , Banerjee Sayan , Vallace Anthony , Lively Ryan P. , Jones Christopher W. , Realff Matthew J.
Published: March 2024

The question has shifted from whether solid sorbents can work in direct air capture (DAC) technologies to which solid sorbents are more economically advantaged. Determining this is challenging due to the influence of many different yet interconnected sorbent properties on the cost of CO2 capture. Existing DAC economic models oversimplify sorbent stability by treating it as a simple replacement rate, neglecting crucial factors such as capacity loss rate and form. To address this challenge, we have developed an economic model that accounts for sorbent degradation in DAC processes. By factoring in capacity loss over time, our model provides a more accurate estimate of the cost associated with DAC and highlights the optimum time for sorbent replacement. We then identified sorbent characteristics and process features that minimize both the carbon footprint and the cost of captured CO2. To further investigate the interplay of sorbent properties and DAC cost, we constructed a series of alkyl- and epoxy-functionalized polyamine sorbents. The sorbents’ CO2 uptake, heat of adsorption and capacity fade were adjusted via a one-step modification, varying the proportions of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines. We then integrated the experimentally-measured parameters, including the form of degradation, into our economic model to probe which combination of sorbent properties results in the lowest cost of DAC for a fixed operating condition. The results provide guidelines and priorities for sorbent performance metrics that will yield the most cost-effective DAC technologies.
Formulating reduced density gradient approaches for noncovalent interactions
Authors: Guerra Cristian , Burgos José , Ayarde-Henríquez Leandro , Chamorro Eduardo
Published: March 2024

This work elucidates several forms of reduced electron density gradient (RDG) to describe non-covalent interactions (NCIs). By interpreting the RDG as a local-moment function, we systematically leveraged Weizacker's and Fermi's local moments. This resulted in high-fidelity RDG representations consistent with the NCI analysis. In addition, the RDG version derived from the Lagrangian kinetic energy density is conveniently normalized. These results suggest the non-existence of a particular RDG formulation when performing NCI analysis. Thus, an in-depth examination of the theoretical foundations connecting the RDG function with the nature of non-covalent interactions is necessary.
Gold Mono and Bis N-Heterocyclic Carbenes based on mRNA cap0
Authors: Petronilho Ana , Francescato Giulia , Orsini Giulia
Published: March 2024

Eukaryotic mRNA contains a cap structure which consists of a methylated guanosine (mRNA cap0) connected to the first transcribed nucleotide by an unusual 5′-5′-triphosphate bridge. Herein we describe the synthesis gold mono and bis-N-Heterocyclic carbenes derived from 7-methylguanosine at room temperature. The compounds can be synthesized directly from 7-methylguanosine and the synthesis does not require the protection of the hydroxyl groups pf the ribose to be effective.
Advanced Insulin Synthesis by One-pot/stepwise Disulfide Bond Formation Enabled by Acid-activated S-Protected Cysteine Sulfoxide in the Presence of Chloride Anion
Authors: Hidaka Kota , Kobayashi Daishiro , Hayashi Junya , Denda Masaya , Otaka Akira
Published: March 2024

An advanced insulin synthesis is presented that utilizes one-pot/stepwise disulfide bond formation enabled by acid-activated S-protected cysteine sulfoxides in the presence of chloride anion. S-chlorocysteine generated from cysteine sulfoxides reacts with an S-protected cysteine to afford S-sulfenylsulfonium cation, which then furnishes the disulfide or reversely returns to the starting materials depending on the S-protection employed and the reaction conditions. Use of S-acetamidomethyl cysteine (Cys(Acm)) and its sulfoxide (Cys(Acm)(O)) selectively give the disulfide under weak acid conditions in the presence of MgCl2 even if S-p-methoxybenzyl cysteine (Cys(MBzl)) and its sulfoxide (Cys(MBzl)(O)) are also present. In contrast, the S-MBzl pair yields the disulfide under more acidic conditions in the presence of a chloride anion source. These reaction conditions allowed a one-pot insulin synthesis. Additionally, lipidated insulin was prepared by a one-pot disulfide-bonding/lipidation sequence.
Dual-Comb Mid-Infrared Spectromicroscopy with Photothermal Fluorescence Detection
Authors: Turner Gwendylan , Herman Daniel , Razumtcev Aleksandr , Mangold Markus , Li Minghe , Cao Ziyi , Rong Jiayue , Bouman Charles , Buzzard Gregery , Simpson Garth
Published: March 2024

An approach is described for spectrally parallel hyperspectral mid-infrared imaging with spatial resolution dictated by fluorescence imaging. Quantum cascade laser (QCL)-based dual-comb mid-infrared spectroscopy enables acquisition of infrared spectra at high speed (<1 millisecond) through generation of optical beat patterns and radio-frequency detection. The high-speed nature of the spectral acquisition is shown to support spectral mapping in microscopy measurements. Direct detection of the transmitted infrared beam yields high signal-to-noise spectral information, but the long infrared wavelength imposes low diffraction-limited spatial resolution. Use of fluorescence detected photothermal infrared (F-PTIR) imaging provides high spatial resolution tied directly to the integrated IR absorption. Computational imaging using a multi-agent consensus equilibrium (MACE) approach combines the high spatial resolution of F-PTIR and the high spectral information of dual-comb infrared transmission in a single optimized equilibrium hyperspectral data cube
Poly (vinyl alcohol)/Pullulan/NaCl Conductive Hydrogels for Wearable Strain Sensors
Authors: Qing Xiaoyan , Liu Zhongda , Katsaounis Alexandros , Bouropoulos Nikolaos , Taurino Irene , Fardim Pedro
Published: March 2024

Ionic conductive hydrogels have emerged as promising candidates for wearable sensors thanks to their stretchability and conductivity. However, it is still challenging to fabricate hydrogels simultaneously with balanced mechanical strength, ionic conductivity, and sensitivity. In this work, PVA/Pullulan/NaCl ionic hydrogels were prepared by soaking frozen-thawed PVA/Pullulan hydrogels in NaCl solutions. Due to the synergy of the semi-interpenetrating network between PVA and pullulan as well as the salting-out effect due to NaCl, the hydrogels exhibited a large tensile strength of 2.72 MPa. The presence of Na+ and Cl− ions endowed the hydrogels with superb ionic conductivity (up to 10.44 S/m). The hydrogel was assembled as a strain sensor, which displayed good sensitivity (up to 5.98) and was utilized for the detection of human joint movements. Additionally, hydrogel sensors can provide efficient information transmission through Morse code. As such, the presented PVA/Pullulan/NaCl hydrogels suggested a promising prospect for the next generation of wearable sensors.
Blood-brain barrier-penetrative fluorescent anticancer agents triggering paraptosis and ferroptosis for glioblastoma therapy
Authors: Wang Jiefei , Cao Mingyue , Han Lulu , Shangguan Ping , Liu Yisheng , Zhong Yong , Chen Chaoyue , Wang Gaoyang , Chen Xiaoyu , Lin Ming , Lu Mengya , Luo Zhengqun , He Mu , Sung Herman H. Y. , Niu Guangle , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Shi Bingyang , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: March 2024

Currently used drugs for glioblastoma (GBM) treatments are ineffective, primarily due to the significant challenges posed by strong drug resistance, poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and the lack of tumor specificity. Here, we report two cationic fluorescent anticancer agents (TriPEX-ClO4 and TriPEX-PF6) capable of BBB penetration for efficient GBM therapy via paraptosis and ferroptosis induction. These aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active agents specifically target mitochondria, effectively triggering ATF4/JNK/Alix-regulated paraptosis and GPX4-mediated ferroptosis. Specifically, they rapidly induce substantial cytoplasmic vacuolation, accompanied by reactive oxygen species generation and intracellular Ca2+ overload, thereby disrupting metabolisms and inducing non-apoptotic cell death. In vivo imaging revealed that TriPEX-ClO4 and TriPEX-PF6 successfully traversed the BBB to target orthotopic glioma and initiated effective synergistic therapy post-intravenous injection. Our AIE drugs emerged as the pioneering paraptosis inducers against drug-resistant GBM, significantly extending survival up to 40 days compared to temozolomide (20 days) in drug-resistant GBM-bearing mice. These compelling results open up new venues for the development of fluorescent anticancer drugs and innovative treatments for brain diseases.
Highly Efficient Visible Light-Induced Ca2+ Chelation
Authors: Egodawaththa Nishal M. , Rajhel Olivia , Ma Jingxuan , Guruge Charitha , Pabarue Alec B. , Harris Emily , Peverati Roberto , Nesnas Nasri
Published: March 2024

Calcium ion (Ca2+) control is an essential tool in neuronal research. Herein, we report three thiocoumarin-based, visi-ble light-activated Ca2+ chelators with high quantum yields of 0.39, 0.52, and 0.83. The chelators demonstrated an over 10^5-fold increase in Ca2+ binding affinity upon irradiation. These chelators are efficiently triggered by biologically safer wavelengths, rendering them excellent candidates for use in neuroscientific research and medicine.
A comparison of machine learning methods for knowledge extraction model in A LoRa-Based waste bin monitoring system
Authors: Abidin Aa Zezen Zaenal , Othman Mohd Fairuz Iskandar , Hassan Aslinda , Murdianingsih Yuli , Suryadi Usep Tatang , Siallagan Timbo Faritchan
Published: March 2024

Knowledge Extraction Model (KEM) is a system that extracts knowledge through an IoT-based smart waste bin emptying scheduling classification. Classification is a difficult problem and requires an efficient classification method. This research contributes in the form of the KEM system in the classification of scheduling for emptying waste bins with the best performance of the Machine Learning method. The research aims to compare the performance of Machine Learning methods in the form of Decision Tree, Naïve Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Machine, and Multi-Layer Perceptron, which will be recommended in the KEM system. Performance testing was performed on accuracy, recall, precision, F-Measure, and ROCS curves using the cross-validation method with ten observations. The experimental results show that the Decision Tree performs best for accuracy, recall, precision, and ROCS curve. In contrast, the K-NN method obtains the highest F-measure performance. KEM can be implemented to extract knowledge from data sets created in various other IoT-based systems.
Emergency sign language recognition from variant of convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short term memory (LSTM) models
Authors: As'ari Muhammad Amir , Sufri Nur Anis Jasmin , Qi Guat Si
Published: March 2024

Sign language is the primary communication tool used by the deaf community and people with speaking difficulties, especially during emergencies. Numerous deep learning models have been proposed to solve the sign language recognition problem. Recently. Bidirectional LSTM (BLSTM) has been proposed and used in replacement of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) as it may improve learning long-team dependencies as well as increase the accuracy of the model. However, there needs to be more comparison for the performance of LSTM and BLSTM in LRCN model architecture in sign language interpretation applications. Therefore, this study focused on the dense analysis of the LRCN model, including 1) training the CNN from scratch and 2) modeling with pre-trained CNN, VGG-19, and ResNet50. Other than that, the ConvLSTM model, a special variant of LSTM designed for video input, has also been modeled and compared with the LRCN in representing emergency sign language recognition. Within LRCN variants, the performance of a small CNN network was compared with pre-trained VGG-19 and ResNet50V2. A dataset of emergency Indian Sign Language with eight classes is used to train the models. The model with the best performance is the VGG-19 + LSTM model, with a testing accuracy of 96.39%. Small LRCN networks, which are 5 CNN subunits + LSTM and 4 CNN subunits + BLSTM, have 95.18% testing accuracy. This performance is on par with our best-proposed model, VGG + LSTM. By incorporating bidirectional LSTM (BLSTM) into deep learning models, the ability to understand long-term dependencies can be improved. This can enhance accuracy in reading sign language, leading to more effective communication during emergencies.
Optimization of use case point through the use of metaheuristic algorithm in estimating software effort
Authors: Ardiansyah Ardiansyah , Zulfa Mulki Indana , Tarmuji Ali , Jabbar Farisna Hamid
Published: March 2024

Use Case Points estimation framework relies on the complexity weight parameters to estimate software development projects. However, due to the discontinue parameters, it lead to abrupt weight classification and results in inaccurate estimation. Several research studies have addressed these weaknesses by employing various approaches, including fuzzy logic, regression analysis, and optimization techniques. Nevertheless, the utilization of optimization techniques to determine use case weight parameter values has yet to be extensively explored, with the potential to enhance accuracy further. Motivated by this, the current research delves into various metaheuristic search-based algorithms, such as genetic algorithms, Firefly algorithms, Reptile search algorithms, Particle swarm optimization, and Grey Wolf optimizers. The experimental investigation was carried out using a Silhavy UCP estimation dataset, which contains 71 project data from three software houses and is publicly available. Furthermore, we compared the performance between models based on metaheuristic algorithms. The findings indicate that the performance of the Firefly algorithm outperforms the others based on five accuracy metrics: mean absolute error, mean balance relative error, mean inverted relative error, standardized accuracy, and effect size.
Leveraging hybrid ANN–AHP to optimize cement industry average inventory levels
Authors: Fradinata Edy , Noor Muhamad Mat , Kesuma Zurnila Marli , Suthummanon Sakesun , Asmadi Didi
Published: March 2024

In recent years, inventory has been critical due to the production cost and overstock risk related to the expiration date and the fluctuation price risk. This study's minimization of overstock and price fluctuation in the warehouse used a hybridized artificial neural network (ANN) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to produce an optimum model. The variables, such as average demand, reorder point, order quantity, factor service level, safety stock, and average inventory level, were used to obtain the optimal condition of the average inventory levels to maximize the profit. Then, the type of inventory system that guarantees the minimum risks in managing the inventory would be selected. The result shows that the data has a mean of 39.2 units, and the standard deviation (SD) was 12.9. This means that the order quantity is 20.2 units, the average inventory level is 57.3, and the average demand is 39. These conditions used the factor z, which is 97% service level. This study concludes that the optimum average inventory level is 91 units, the order quantity is 11 units with the maximum average profit is $1098, and the peak fluctuation condition maximum profit is $1463 when the average inventory level is 7.3, and the inventory policy system used to minimize the risk is the continuous review policy type. The study could be beneficial to reduce production costs and enhance overall profitability and operational efficiency in the sector by mitigating the risks associated with excessive inventory and price volatility while also minimizing the potential for expired inventory.
Did child obesity decline after 2016 food regulations in Chile?
Authors: von Hippel Paul T. , Bogolasky Fliman Francisca
Published: March 2024

We estimated trends in the prevalence of obesity and overweight among Chilean primary and secondary students before and after Chile’s 2016 regulations on the marketing and availability of foods high in energy, total sugars, sodium, or saturated fat. We used data from Chile’s Survey of Nutrition, which measured the body mass index (BMI) of students in government-funded schools. Using BMI thresholds defined by the World Health Organization, we calculated the prevalence of overweight and obesity for each year from 2013 to 2019 among students attending pre-kindergarten (age 4 years), kindergarten (age 5 years), first grade (6 years), and ninth grade (14 years). In ninth grade students, overweight and obesity prevalence rose by 2 percentage points over the 3 years after introduction of the 2016 regulations. In pre-kindergarten, kindergarten, and first grade, overweight and obesity fell 1 to 3 percentage points 1 year after the regulations were introduced, but rebounded to previous levels the next year. Chile’s food regulations were not followed by a sustained decline in obesity in primary- and secondary-school students. Future research should examine whether and how children in Chile and other countries maintain high levels of overweight and obesity despite food regulations designed to reduce consumption of obesogenic foods and beverages.
Understanding the dynamics of deceased organ donation and utilization in Colombia
Authors: Cruz Mususú William , García-Lopez Andrea , Lozano-Suarez Nicolás , Gómez-Montero Andrea , Orellano-Salas Milena , Vargas-Pérez Luisa , Escobar-Chaves Ximena , Girón-Luque Fernando
Published: March 2024

Objective.

To obtain a comprehensive overview of organ donation, organ utilization, and discard in the entire donation process in Colombia.

Methods.

A retrospective study of 1 451 possible donors, distributed in three regions of Colombia, evaluated in 2022. The general characteristics, diagnosis, and causes of contraindication for potential donors were described.

Results.

Among the 1 451 possible donors, 441 (30.4%) fulfilled brain death criteria, constituting the potential donors pool. Families consented to organ donation in 141 medically suitable cases, while 60 instances utilized legal presumption, leading to 201 eligible donors (13.9%). Of those, 160 (11.0%) were actual donors (in whom operative incision was made with the intent of organ recovery or who had at least one organ recovered). Finally, we identified 147 utilized donors (10.1%) (from whom at least one organ was transplanted). Statistically significant differences were found between age, sex, diagnosis of brain death, and donor critical pathway between regions. A total of 411 organs were transplanted from 147 utilized donors, with kidneys being the most frequently procured and transplanted organs, accounting for 280 (68.1%) of the total. This was followed by 85 livers (20.7%), 31 hearts (7.5%), 14 lungs (3.4%), and 1 pancreas (0.2%). The discard rate of procured deceased donors was 8.1%.

Conclusions.

About one-tenth of donors are effectively used for transplantation purposes. Our findings highlight areas of success and challenges, providing a basis for future improvements in Colombia.
Human body odour as a biometric indicator for person identification
Authors: Manju M.
Published: March 2024

In biometric identification, various physiological and behavioral traits such as fingerprints, facial features, iris patterns, and voice have been extensively explored. This paper introduces human body odour as a biometric trait for person identification. Body odour, composed of volatile organic compounds unique to each individual, presents a challenge for biometric authentication. The study explores the scientific basis of human body odour, including its chemical composition and uniqueness. The paper presents the enrollment process for capturing and storing body odour data, emphasizing the potential of electronic nose (E-nose) devices for scent detection and pattern recognition. This paper discusses the advantages of body odour biometrics, including its resistance to masking by artificial scents and its potential to reduce password administration costs. The proposed odour biometric system offers a non-intrusive and reliable means of person identification, particularly in scenarios where traditional biometric modalities may be impractical or ineffective.
CONTRIBUTION TO THE DETECTION OF CYCLONES BY COUPLING THE CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK WITH THE BARYCENTRIC CALCULATION OF AN IMAGE
Authors: Pascal Mparany Fenoarisoa Rakotomandrindra  , Hajasoa Malalatiana Ramafiarisona
Published: March 2024

The material and human losses caused by the passage of a cyclone are becoming increasingly significant for countries located in tropical areas. Under the effect of climate change, we see from the analysis of data published each year that the power of these tropical cyclones multiplies over time. The direct impacts left by the passage of a strong storm, such as flooding, destruction of infrastructure and especially human loss, increase each year.
REBOA: A Device to Gain Time
Authors: Lanza Carolina , Angileri Salvatore Alessio , Fumagalli Jacopo , Biondetti Pierpaolo , Carriero Serena , Ascenti Velio , Ierardi Anna Maria , Kurihara Hayato , Carrafiello Gianpaolo
Published: March 2024

The management of trauma and emergency procedures (i.e., aneurysm repair, visceral and pelvic bleeding, and others) has undergone considerable changes due to the presence of new endovascular and mini-invasive approaches, which have supplanted the surgical approach in some cases. The use of Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) has been largely used to manage trauma patients, but it is, nowadays, increasingly also being used for other types of bleeding, such as vascular emergencies, post-partum hemorrhages, and gastrointestinal and iatrogenic or spontaneous bleeding. We present a case of an unexpected hemorrhagic shock in a patient with a locally advanced cervix neoplasm involving sacrum and pelvic vessels, where we used a REBOA to manage an intraprocedural massive bleed due to the rupture of the descending branch of the right hypogastric artery.
Pengolahan bioarang sebagai pengganti biogas dengan proses roasting pengolahan Kopi Arabica untuk mendukung ketahanan energi
Authors: Santoso Djarot Wahju , Sudarmanto Sudarmanto , Husaini Munawar , Mardwianta Benedictus , Setiabudi Dedet Hermawan , Subarjo Abdul Haris
Published: March 2024

Pengolahan limbah biochar menjadi briket untuk dijadikan biogas dalam rangka mendukung proses pemanggangan pengolahan kopi arabika merupakan salah satu inovasi energi alternatif untuk mendukung ketahanan energi. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh komposisi briket dengan campuran limbah kulit kopi dan debu kayu terhadap nilai kalor, kadar air, kadar abu, dan uji densitas. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimental. Pada komposisi II nilai densitasnya paling tinggi karena jumlah serbuk gergaji paling banyak. karena dengan perlakuan gaya tekan manual maka partikel arang akan mengalami kompresi sesuai dengan gaya tekan yang diberikan. Hasil penelitian komposisi I menghasilkan nilai kalor sebesar 5922 kal/gr, komposisi II menghasilkan nilai kalor sebesar 6072 kal/gr. Hasil pengujian kadar abu SNI 01-6235-2000 tentang briket arang, kadar abu yang diperbolehkan tidak melebihi 8%. Kadar abu yang dihasilkan pada komposisi I sesuai dengan standar yang ditentukan.
An Automatic Surgical Decision Support Method for Radial Metaphyseal Fractures in X-Ray
Authors: Suna Avigail , Davidson Amit , Weil Yoram , Joskowicz Leo
Published: March 2024

Distal Radius Fractures (DRFs) are the most common type of fracture with a high incidence rate, accounting for 17.5% of all adult fractures. The established clinical workflow for patients with a suspicion of DRF calls for the acquisition of two radiographic X-ray images (radiographs) of the wrist in anteroposterior (AP) and lateral (LAT) views [1]. Radiographic parameters (RPs), which are linear angle and distance measurements derived from the AP and LAT radiographs, have been shown to provide objective support for effective decision making in determining clinical treatment of distal radius fractures (DRFs) [2]. Recently, we showed that providing computed RPs to orthopedic surgeons may improve the consistency of the radiographic judgment and influence their clinical decision for the treatment of DRFs [3]. However, calculating the RPs manually from radiographs requires experience, is time consuming, and is subject to observer variability.

This paper presents a novel deep learning automatic method for computing the six anatomical RPs associated with DRFs in AP and LAT forearm radiographs.
Robotic-assisted Total Hip Arthroplasty in Secondary Osteoarthritis of The Hip Joint Due to Developmental Hip Dysplasia: A Systematic Review And Meta-analysis
Authors: Chinvattanachot Guntarat , Sueajui Jithayut , Piyapromdee Urawit , Rattanakitkoson Tana , Suksathien Yingyong
Published: March 2024

Robotic-assisted total hip arthroplasty (raTHA) was introduced in recent decades, offering proven advantages in improving the acetabular cup placement. However, the use of raTHA requires specific equipment and additional cost of $1,788 per case, raising the question of its cost-effectiveness. We believe that the use of raTHA may be substantially advantageous in complicated cases such as developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) with deformed anatomy, where proper prosthesis alignment is hard to achieve. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis in accordance with the 2020 PRISMA to evaluate the benefits of raTHA over conventional total hip arthroplasty in DDH patients. From 80 studies that we found, only three were eligible. We primarily focused on the radiological outcomes and complications. However, functional outcomes were not compared and analyzed due to differences in reporting formats among the original studies. The analyses proved that raTHA was associated with a significantly increased rate of cup placement within Lewinnek's and Callanan’s safe zone. All studies had no report of any complications and revisions during the short term follow-up. Although statistical precision may have been affected by a limited number of studies, our review offers the first and most recent evidence-based analysis of the use of raTHA in secondary osteoarthritis caused by DDH. This meta-analysis revealed the potential benefits of the raTHA in improving radiological outcomes, which may outweigh the total costs in such well-selected cases.
NOFUSS: Navigated Orthopaedic Fixation using Ultrasound System
Authors: Pandey Prashant U. , Bliven Emily K. , Guy Pierre , Lefaivre Kelly A. , Hodgson Antony J.
Published: March 2024

Fractures of the sacroiliac joint often require treatment through internal fixation. This procedure is typically guided by the use of intraoperative fluoroscopy, using an untracked C-arm device. However, this involves ionizing radiation exposure and the possibility of screw malplacement. We introduce the Navigated Orthopaedic Fixation using Ultrasound System (NOFUSS): an ultrasound (US) based end-to-end system for providing real-time navigation for iliosacral screw (ISS) insertions. Our system consists of an US imaging device and an optical tracking camera, together with computational algorithms for automatic processing of intraoperative data. In a cadaver trial of 6 specimens, we found that the ISS insertions performed using NOFUSS demonstrated accuracy comparable to conventional fluoroscopy guidance in the three specimens for which we could obtain good ultrasound images, reduced insertion time, and required no ionizing radiation.