bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ФІЗИЧНІ ПРОЦЕСИ ПРИ НАДПРОВІДНОСТІ У ПАРАХ ТЕРТЯ ГАЛЬМ
Authors: Кіндрачук Мирослав , Вольченко  Дмитро , Скрипник  Василь , Присяжний  Андрій , Ніщук  Віктор
Published: October 2023

Теоретичні та експериментальні дослідження основних фізичних параметрів при надпровідності металевого фрикційного елемента, що знаходиться під односторонньою дією теплового, електричного та магнітного полів дозволили встановити таке. Енергія електрона в кристалічній решітці не може набувати будь-яких значень у зв'язку з тим, що є набори дискретних рівнів енергії (зони), розділені більш менш значними відстанями. Теплоємність та теплопровідність мають складові, які відносяться до електронів та кристалічних ґраток; теплоємність при стані надпровідності виявилася меншою за теплоємність нормального металу, а теплопровідність збільшилася через локальну взаємодію мікровиступів пар тертя. У поверхневому шарі металу, що знаходиться під дією магнітного поля виникає стаціонарний електричний струм, який має власне магнітне поле, яке протилежно прикладеному полю, що в результаті призводить до нульового значення індукції в приповерхневому шарі металу. При критичній величині напруженості магнітного поля приповерхневий шар металевого фрикційного елемента переходить у нормальний стан.
ТЕРМОМЕХАНІЧНІ ЯВИЩА У ПОВЕРХНЕВИХ ШАРАХ КОНТАКТУЮЧИХ ДЕТАЛЕЙ ПРИ ТЕРТІ ТА ЗНОШУВАННІ
Authors: Маліновський  Юрій , Цвіркун  Сергій , Власенков  Дмитро , Олійник Світлана
Published: October 2023

Незважаючи на значну кількість теорій тертя і зношування питання хвилеутворення на поверхнях, що контактують, і в зоні, що випереджає рухому деталь, поки ще не отримали досить глибокого обґрунтування. На основі теоретичних і експериментальних даних, що накопичилися, для оцінки умов тертя і ступеня зношування контактуючих деталей загальноприйнято розглядати групи теорій: 1) геометричні, 2) молекулярні (адгезійні), 3) деформаційні, 4) комбіновані [1]. Найбільшого поширення набула думка, коли тертя обумовлено пластичним відтисненням матеріалу і руйнуванням містків зварювання (Ф. Р. Боуден і Д. Тейбор), яка також підтверджується гіпотезою Ернста і Маргента, де тертя обумовлено адгезією (на молекулярному рівні і шорсткістю поверхні). У той самий час експериментальні результати Ф. Р. Боудена і Д. Тейбора свідчать, що ефект тертя залежить як від сил адгезії, так і від деформації матеріалу в тонкому поверхневому шарі. В результаті застосування значних стискаючих зусиль і дотичних сил тертя, на контакті двох тіл виділяється велика кількість енергії і при слабкому теплообміні з навколишнім середовищем виникають високі градієнти зміни температур, і у разі металевих деталей за певних умов можливий прояв ефекту зварювання як окремих мікронерівностей, так і контактуючих поверхонь загалом, що підтверджується результатами досліджень [2].
ВПЛИВ МОДИФІКАТОРІВ ТЕРТЯ НА ЕКСПЛУАТАЦІЙНІ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ МАСТИЛЬНИХ МАТЕРІАЛІВ
Authors: Малярчук  Ігор
Published: October 2023

Проведено аналіз антифрикційних та протизношувальних добавок до мастильних матеріалів та розглянуто механізми утворення захисних плівок на елементах трибосполучення.
ВПЛИВ ТЕРМІЧНОЇ ОБРОБКИ НА ТРИБОТЕХНІЧНІ ВЛАСТИВОСТІ ЕВТЕКТИЧНОГО ЕЛЕКТРОІСКРОВОГО ПОКРИТТЯ
Authors: Гуменюк  Ігор , Харченко Володимир , Гловин  Михайло , Костецький Іван
Published: October 2023

Розглянуто питання доцільності нанесення електроіскрових покриттів з метою дослідження ефективного впливу на трибологічні властивості евтектичних сплавів. Проведено випробування на тертя і зношування електроіскрових покриттів з розробленого евтектичного сплаву на підкладці зі сталі. З метою порівняння ефективності впливу на триботехнічні властивості евтектичних сплавів випробувалися як покриття у початковому стані, так і покриття, що були відпалені за двома різними режимами. За результатами дослідження хімічного складу утворених в процесі тертя плівок було встановлені закономірності за якісною оцінкою. Встановлено залежності триботехнічних властивостей для вихідних і термооброблених покриттів. Проведені дослідження свідчать про доцільність використання електроіскрових покриттів для різних умов тертя.
МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ТРАНСПОРТНО-ЛОГІСТИЧНИХ СХЕМ ВАНТАЖНИХ ПЕРЕВЕЗЕНЬ В УМОВАХ ГЛОБАЛЬНИХ РИЗИКІВ
Authors: Шарко  Олександр , Букетов  Андрій , Клевцов  Костянтин , Сапронов  Олександр , Акімов  Олександр
Published: October 2023

Внаслідок існування великої кількості факторів, що визначають ефективність транспортних потоків, методи побудови математичних моделей, що ґрунтуються на розгляді загальних закономірностей, виявляються малоефективними. Тому перспективне залучення експериментальних методів ідентифікації, заснованих на формалізації результатів спостережень та аналізі надходжень нової інформації про зміни ситуації, що склалася з використанням нових цифрових технологій. У статті показано, що у найближчій перспективі автомобільне сполучення разом з водним транспортом матиме ключове значення і тому завдання математичного забезпечення управлінням збереження транспортних потоків за умов глобальних ризиків буде завжди актуальною. Метою роботи є моделювання збереження транспортних потоків за умов глобальних ризиків. Запропоновано рішення задачі про збереження динаміки транспортних потоків, викликаних пандемією, військовими діями та екстремальними ситуаціями. На основі теорії графів, алгоритмів Форда-Фалкерсона та Дініца розроблено модифікований алгоритм визначення структури транспортних перевезень. Особливістю алгоритму є синхронізація пропускної спроможності транспортних потоків з моментами зняття та запровадження обмежень на транспортні перевезення. Новизною запропонованого алгоритму є можливість коригування транспортних маршрутів. Також новизною використання запропонованого модифікованого алгоритму є синхронізація технологій використання методології визначення пропускних здібностей гілок реалізації транспортних потоків з моментами зняття та введення обмежень через непередбачувані ситуації й глобальні ризики. Модифікований алгоритм визначення транспортних потоків в умовах непередбачуваних ситуацій та глобальних ризиків на основі алгоритмів Форда-Фалкерсона та Дініца забезпечує мінімізацію збитків перевізників та максимальний транспортний потік. Впровадження алгоритму забезпечує максимальний транспортний потік в екстремальних умовах та глобальних ризиків.
The Antibacterial Effect of Nickel Nanoparticles Against Streptococcus mutans Compared to Chlorhexidine
Authors: Bazrafkan Ali , Modaresi Farzan , Roostamifar Sahar , Atashpour Shekoufeh , Azad Azita , Ghasemian Abdolmajid
Published: October 2023

Background & Objectives: Due to the increasing trend of extensive antibiotic resistance among bacterial strains and side effects, seeking novel methods such as nanoparticles (NPs) is promising for infection eradication.
Materials & Methods: Eighteen Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) clinical isolates were collected from dental plaques. Moreover, S. mutans ATCC25175 standard strain was obtained from Pasteur institute of Iran. Following preparation of nanoparticles, their antibacterial effects were assessed compared to chlorhexidine. The nickel NPs (Ni-NPs) was prepared and its antibacterial effect was compared to the 12% chlorhexidine. The minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC, respectively) of Ni-NP (dilution range: 0.125- 64µg/mL) were measured using broth microdilution method.
Results: The nickel NPs (Ni-NPs) was prepared and its antibacterial effect was compared to the 12% chlorhexidine. The minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC, respectively) of Ni-NP (dilution range: 0.125-64µg/mL) were measured using broth microdilution method. The MIC and MBC levels of Ni-NP against the clinical isolates ranged 2-16µg/mL and 4-16µg/mL, respectively. These values against the S. mutans ATCC27175 standard strain included 4 and 8µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the MIC and MBC of chlorhexidine against clinical isolates ranged 8-64 and 32-64µg/mL, respectively, while both included 64µg/mL against standard strain (p<0.001).
Conclusions: The results of this study outlined that Ni-NPs exert efficient antibacterial effect at nontoxic concentrations compared to 12% chlorhexidine.
Evaluation of risky decision-making and impulsivity in individuals with premature ejaculation
Authors: AKSU Serkan , BAL Harun , AKARKEN İlker , DELİKTAŞ Hasan , ŞAHİN Hayrettin
Published: October 2023

Objective

Different mechanisms such as psychological, neurobiological, autonomic, and genetic factors might be involved in the etiology of lifelong Premature Ejaculation (PE). Albeit cortical activity changes have been reported, the relationship between PE and impulsivity/decision-making is minimally studied to date. The present study aimed to assess impulsivity and risky decision-making in individuals with lifelong PE for the first time.

Method

26 lifelong PE patients were diagnosed by the International Society for Sexual Medicine (ISSM-2014) criteria and 26 healthy volunteers were recruited. The Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT), International Erectile Function Index (IIEF), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART), and Monetary Choice Questionnaire-27 (MCQ-27) were administered.

Results

The mean age was 37.28 (18-55). No differences were found between groups in risky decision-making and impulsivity.

Conclusion

No alterations of impulsivity and risky decision-making were found in lifelong PE patients. Impulsivity may only exist in a subset of individuals with lifelong PE or may only be evident in neural levels or specific subtypes of impulsivity.
Evaluación de la deforestación (2000-2020) en concesiones forestales peruanas en la provincia de Tambopata (Madre de Dios) usando plataformas de datos abiertos
Authors: Valle-Basto Daniel Fernando , Espinosa-Quiñones Tatiana , Limache-de-la-Fuente Daniela
Published: October 2023

Los datos obtenidos mediante la plataforma Earth Map son comparables a los de la plataforma Geobosques (Perú) para el mismo periodo 2000-2020. Así, a partir del uso de estas plataformas, se pudo estimar que las concesiones forestales de la provincia de Tambopata (Madre de Dios) han perdido 32 115.36 has de cobertura boscosa, representando el 20.96% de toda la deforestación en la región. En el mismo periodo se cambió la legislación forestal del Perú hasta en tres oportunidades. Estos cambios no han permitido implementar estrategias a largo plazo que estén enfocadas en una verdadera gestión forestal sostenible, así como al control y reducción de la deforestación amazónica. También se constató que concesiones de reforestación, de ecoturismo, de uso de productos diferentes a la madera, son usadas primero para tala de árboles con fines maderables, y luego son convertidas en otros usos de la tierra, como campos agrícolas o manejo ganadero o extracción minera. Bajo estas condiciones legales e institucionales de manejo forestal en Madre de Dios, es que las unidades y concesiones forestales no proveen garantías para evitar la deforestación.
Role of Light Physical Activity Towards Stress in the Elderly in Nursing Homes
Authors: Nesia Waynhena Sarawa , Atmodjo Wahyuni Lukita , Moningkey Shirley Ivonne
Published: October 2023

Introduction: It was reported that one in five adults and four out of five adolescents around the world did not do enough physical activity, especially the elderly tend not to do physical activity that is classified as active. Less physical activity can inhibit the release of ACTH and decrease cortisol secretion so that it can cause stress. Although it has been reported about the relationship between physical activity and stress levels at the age of 23-54 years, there has not been much research on the relationship in the elderly. Many elderly people aged over 60 years, especially those living in nursing homes experience stress due to lack of physical activity. Thus, further research is needed regarding the relationship between light physical activity and stress levels in the elderly at the Nursing Home.

Methods: It was an unpaired categorical comparative analytic study. Elderly respondents at the Nursing Home aged 60-74 years will fill out the PASE questionnaire to assess physical activity and the PSS-10 to assess stress levels. The data obtained will be processed using Microsoft Excel and analyzed with the Pearson Chi-Square test using the SPSS-25 program.

Result: Of the 40 respondents, 30 did light physical activity and 10 did heavy physical activity. It was also found that 14 experienced mild stress and 26 experienced severe stress. The results from Pearson ChiSquare show p-value <0.001 and OR = 16.000.

Conclusions: The results of this study states that there is a significant relationship between light physical activity and stress levels in the elderly aged 60-74 years who live in nursing homes.
Ultrasound-guided Genicular Nerve Ablation with Alcohol Solution for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Case Series
Authors: Butarbutar John , Phandu Mirna , Lee Kevin , Tasya Earlene , Sulaeman Wendell Sebastian
Published: October 2023

Genicular nerve ablation using radiofrequency (RF) is a common minimally invasive procedure for painful osteoarthritic knees. However, the high cost and unavailability of equipment in many healthcare centers made this inconvenient for some patients. Some case reports tried the cheaper and newer method, using an alcohol solution to ablate the genicular nerves, showing considerable improvement in the patient's pain, functional knee score, and quality of life. We have attempted the ultrasound-guided genicular nerve ablation using alcohol solution in 6 patients with knee osteoarthritis to complement the body of evidence. We found that the genicular nerve ablation using alcohol solution is an excellent method for relieving symptoms of knee osteoarthritis if knee pain is the main symptom.
Sustainability analysis for Mitsubishi Logistics
Authors: Dong Aomiao
Published: October 2023

This report analyses Mitsubishi Logistics’ sustainability performance in accordance with the Global Reporting Standards (GRI). The study gives an overview of their sustainability strategy and its implementation across various sustainability dimensions such as Environment and Social.

Although they do lack in regard to reporting their performance across various indicators in the GRI standards, Mitsubishi Logistics has achieved tremendous progress in reducing their carbon emissions through the implementation of different energy- efficient measures and use of renewable energy sources in terms of environmental sustainability. In terms of social sustainability, they have shown commitment to encouraging diversity and inclusion in the workplace, as well as ensuring the health and safety of its employees.

Overall, according to the report, Mitsubishi Logistics has achieved significant progress in improving its sustainability performance across multiple aspects. However, there is still ton of room for development, particularly in categories such as water, biodiversity conservation, product responsibility and other areas.
A Study of Interplay between Quantitative Ease by US and other Trading Partners and Rupee Volatility
Authors: Kaur Manjinder
Published: October 2023

In the aftermath of the global financial crisis of 2008-09, leading Central Banks (like the Federal Reserve, Bank of England, European Central Bank and the Bank of Japan) have introduced a multiplicity of untraditional monetary policy measures, so as to stimulate the economies and curb the severity of inflation at the international level. Quantitative Easing may be defined as a policy measure that results in an expansion of the Central Bank’s balance sheet, with an augmentation in the level of the bank’s money in the economy (Bernanke and Reinhart, 2004).

Analysts claim that the strengthening of the dollar, which is being supported by the US Fed Reserve's constant rate hikes to counter rapidly rising inflation, is the principal reason behind the depreciation of the Indian rupee. Moreover, other aspects including the withdrawal of foreign institutional investors also affected the rupee strength and macroeconomic dynamics. According to the IMF, the strength of the dollar causing serious problems such as tightening financial conditions and raising the price of imported goods and services in many emerging economies such as India. Furthermore, an instant hike in oil prices driven by the war between Russia and Ukraine also weakened the rupee and consequently India's current account deficit reaching an absolute record high in the third quarter of the year 2022.

No doubt, in comparison to US dollars, the value of the Indian Rupee has deteriorated in international markets. But at the same time, there are other currencies where the rupee still holds the top spot when evaluated against other currencies throughout the world. Notwithstanding all the challenges, our union finance minister Nirmala Sitharaman reportedly announced that the Indian rupee is considerably better positioned than other international currencies against the greenback. Moreover, these days, India has consistently been working toward making the Indian rupee an international currency and Indian government has progressed significantly towards assigning this status to Indian rupee. In the opinion of certain economists, despite the split, our national currency is still in a stronger position than other currencies when analysed against the US dollar.
Estimation of total income with discounting for probabilistic models of population dynamics
Authors: Bazulkina Anastasia A.
Published: October 2023

Models of homogeneous and structured populations given by differential equations depending on random parameters are considered. A population is called homogeneous if it consists of only one animal or plant species, and structured if it contains n≥2 different species or age classes. We assume that in the absence of exploitation, the dynamics of the population is given by the system of differential equations
x ̇=g(x),x∈R_+^n≐{x∈R^n:x^1≥0,…,x^n≥0}.
At times τ_k=kd, where d>0, k=1,2,..., random shares of the resource ω_k=(ω_k^1,...,ω_k^n )∈Ω⊆〖[0,1]〗^n are extracted from this population. If ω_k^i is greater than some value u_k^i∈[0,1), then the collection of the resource of the i-th type stops at the moment τ_k and the share of the extracted resource turns out to be equal to l_k^i="min"(ω_k^i,u_k^i). Let C^i≥0 be the cost of the resource of the i-th type, i=1,...,n, X_k^i=x^i (kd-0) the quantity of the i-th type of resource at the time τ_k before collection; then the amount of income at the moment equals Z_k≐∑_(i=1)^n▒C^i X_k^i l_k^i. The properties of the characteristic of the total income, which is defined as the sum of the series of income values at the time τ_k, taking into account the discounting factor α>0 are investigated:
H_α (l ̅,x_0 )=∑_(k=1)^∞▒〖Z_k e^(-αk)=∑_(k=1)^∞▒〖e^(-αk) ∑_(i=1)^n▒C^i X_k^i l_k^i,〗〗
where l ̅≐(l_1,...,l_k,...), x_0 is the initial population size. The value of α indicates that the value of the income received later decreases. Estimates of the total income, taking into account discounting, made with probability one are obtained.
Dynamic evaluation of criteria of the health-relatad quality of life on the base of the hierarchies analysis method
Authors: Dyakovich Marina P. , Finogenko Ivan A.
Published: October 2023

A method for studying the dynamics of the main criteria of the health-related quality of life (HRQoL), based on the hierarchies analysis method (HAM) of T. Saaty is being developed. It is assumed that the assessments of HRQoL scales (criteria) according to existing specific and non-specific questionnaires change over time, which also leads to a change in the degree of their influence on each other. This, in turn, changes the integral indicators of HRQoL. There is a need to work with tables of dynamic judgments based on HAM using different classes of time functions, considering the specifics of the task and HRQoL criteria. The paper proposes a new methodology for estimating HRQoL, taking into account the dynamics of the main characteristics of HAM.
Estimates of the phase trajectories of controlled systems with multi-valued impulses
Authors: Filippova Olga V.
Published: October 2023

We consider a controlled system for the differential equation
x ̇(t)=f(t,x(t),u(t),ξ),t∈[a,b],x(a)=x,
where the parameter ξ is an element of some given metric space, the control u satisfies the constraint
u(t)∈U(t,x(t),ξ),t∈[a,b].
It is assumed that at each given moment of time t_k∈(a,b) a solution x:[a; b]→R^n (a phase trajectory) suffers discontinuity, the magnitude of which belongs to a non-empty compact set I_k (x(t_k ) )⊂R^n, and is an absolutely continuous function on intervals (t_(k-1),t_k]. The control function is assumed to be measurable. A theorem on estimating the distance from a given piecewise absolutely continuous function y:[a,b]→R^n to the set of phase trajectories for all initial values from a neighborhood of a vector x_0 and for all parameters from a neighborhood of a point ξ_0 is proven. It is assumed that for the given initial value x=x_0 of the solution and for the value ξ=ξ_0 of the parameter, the set of phase trajectories is a priori limited. The proven theorem allows, by selecting the function y, to obtain an approximate solution of the controlled system, as well as an estimate of the error of such solution.
Políticas de formação de professores em Angola
Authors: Brás Chocolate Adão , Scaff Elisangela Alves da Silva
Published: October 2023

Este artigo tem como objeto de estudo as políticas desenvolvidas pelo Ministério de Educação de Angola para a formação de professores desde a promulgação da Constituição da República, em 2010, até a aprovação do Regime Jurídico da Formação Inicial de Educadores da Infância, de Professores do Ensino Primário e de Professores do Ensino Secundário, em 2020. Elege como objetivo a análise da trajetória da política educacional de formação de professores em Angola no período anunciado, com vistas a identificar seus desdobramentos no campo da prescrição normativa. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental, desenvolvida a partir do levantamento e análise do Estatuto do Subsistema de Formação de Professores (2011), da Lei de Bases do Sistema de Educação e Ensino (2016) e do Programa Nacional de Formação e Gestão do Pessoal Docente (2018), culminando com o Regime Jurídico da Formação Inicial de Educadores de Infância, de Professores do Ensino Primário e de Professores do Ensino Secundário, editado em 2020. O estudo pretende contribuir para a identificação da trajetória das políticas de formação de professores em Angola, visando apontar os desafios que se apresentam no plano da implementação.
Atualidade e desafios da Reforma Sanitária
Authors: Pinheiro Maria Keile , Pereira Evelyne Medeiros
Published: October 2023

O trabalho apresentado reflete e analisa de maneira introdutória os fundamentos históricos e sociais que deram bases para a constituição da Reforma Sanitária Brasileira (RSB) e relaciona essas expressões à dinâmica atual a partir de uma cidade no interior do Ceará. Isto, com fins de analisar a atualidade e os desafios da RSB com base nas concepções e práticas profissionais predominantes no âmbito da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) do bairro pesquisado. A natureza da nossa pesquisa é de cunho qualitativo, tendo como referência o materialismo histórico dialético. As estratégias implementadas para o seu desenvolvimento foram subsidiadas pela observação participante, pela pesquisa bibliográfica e documental e pela realização de entrevista semiestruturada. Como resultados principais identificamos o entendimento, em geral, de saúde como direito universal e por parte de alguns(mas) das(os) profissionais entrevistadas(os), desconhecimento sobre o Movimento Sanitarista e esvaziamento da pauta política que deu bases para a sua constituição.
Corantes artificiais: uma revisão
Authors: Guimarães Rita de Cássia Avellaneda , Nascimento Valter Aragão do , Bogo Danielle , Hiane Priscila Aiko
Published: October 2023

A alimentação é direcionada e baseada, principalmente, em consumo de produtos industrializados, devido à praticidade e facilidade de aquisição, manipulação e preparo. Por isso, objetivou-se ponderar quais são os benefícios e malefícios à saúde do ser humano causados pelos corantes artificiais, que estão presentes em grande parte dos alimentos, quando empregados no processamento de um produto. Este trabalho trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica, que teve, como fontes de pesquisa, artigos presentes no Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), PudMed e no Google Acadêmico. Alguns dos termos pesquisados foram: “corantes artificiais”, “aditivos químicos” e “corantes alimentícios”. Ao final, mostrou-se necessária a fiscalização rigorosa, constante e eficiente por parte dos órgãos competentes, para que se garanta que os alimentos industrializados estejam dentro das normas pertinentes e não prejudiquem a saúde do consumidor.
Lacunas na adesão ao tratamento da hipertensão arterial sistêmica e diabetes mellitus nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde
Authors: Fidelis Larissa , Jacob Michelly , Bigatto Karen Roberta Steagall
Published: October 2023

Uma das maiores causas de morbidade e mortalidade no mundo são as doenças cardiovasculares, como a hipertensão arterial sistêmica e o diabetes mellitus. Diversos fatores podem levar à não adesão ao tratamento, como falta da compreensão da complexidade da doença, dificuldades com a polifarmácia, crenças pessoais, entre outros. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar, por meio da literatura, os principais fatores associados à não adesão ao tratamento por usuários portadores de hipertensão e diabetes. Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura nas bases de dados eletrônicas. A adesão ao tratamento é complexa, englobando fatores como as crenças de saúde, os hábitos de vida, culturas e o relacionamento com a equipe de saúde. Foi possível entender que a baixa adesão ocorre principalmente pela falta de conhecimento da doença e dos impactos que ela pode causar, assim como a administração de diversos medicamentos que acabam por confundir o paciente.
“Pagamentos por serviços ambientais” em municípios do noroeste paulista
Authors: Baldan Gustavo Antonio Nelson , Lima Leonice Domingos dos Santos Cintra , Mansano Cleber Fernando Menegasso , Vazquez Gisele Herbst
Published: October 2023

As imposições legais e o decréscimo da qualidade dos bens ambientais levaram o Estado a se preocupar com a proteção ambiental. Primeiramente, essa proteção ocorreu por métodos de comando e controle, impondo sanções àqueles que causassem degradação ambiental. Todavia, devido a sua insuficiência, previu-se a concessão de benefícios aos que praticassem medidas ambientais corretas (direito premial). E, mais recentemente, tem sido adotada a política de pagamento por serviços ambientais (PSA). Este trabalho foi baseado em pesquisa documental, em fontes oficiais de onze municípios do noroeste paulista com população inferior a 70.000 habitantes, buscando-se apurar o valor orçamentário destinado à preservação ambiental e a existência de leis regulamentando política de PSA. Concluiu-se que apenas Fernandópolis possui lei regulamentando PSA, e Fernandópolis, Santa Fé do Sul e Indiaporã, orçamentos compatíveis com a preservação ambiental. A política de PSA enseja desoneração dos cofres públicos, apresentando-se como promissor instrumento econômico de tutela do meio ambiente.
Associação entre nutrição enteral precoce e enterocolite necrosante em recém-nascidos pré-termo internados em unidade de tratamento intensivo neonatal
Authors: Dias Marina de Paula Mendonça , Pereira Brenda Maria Colaço , Nobre Raquel Guimarães , Frota Julyanne Torres , Sousa Vivian Braga Gomes de , Oliveira Mirly Regina da Silva , Bandeira Macileide da Silva , Sanguinetti Afonso Lucas , Teixeira Francisca Marliane de Sousa , Meireles Ana Vaneska Passos
Published: October 2023

Objetivo: avaliar associação entre nutrição enteral precoce e presença de enterocolite necrosante em recém-nascidos prematuros sob cuidados intensivos. Metodologia: Estudo realizado em maternidade de referência de Fortaleza, Ceará, entre outubro de 2020 a março de 2021, totalizando 75 prematuros, com dados de fonte secundária do setor de nutrição. Analisou-se tempo de início de dieta enteral – precoce ou tardia. Além dos aspectos nutricionais, investigou-se presença de enterocolite, tempo médio para alcance de dieta plena, meta calórica e proteica, internação, diagnóstico e desfecho clínico. Para estatística, apresentou-se variáveis numéricas em média e desvio-padrão e categóricas em frequência e taxa de prevalência. Foi utilizado teste qui-quadrado, com nível de significância de 5%. Foram atendidas exigências do Conselho Nacional de Saúde, e aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa institucional. Resultados: Nutrição enteral predominantemente precoce, houve maior proporção de não recuperação do peso ao nascer, os neonatos apresentaram complicações clínicas, porém com maior número de altas da internação. Além disso, houve menor tempo de internação, desmame parenteral, recuperação do peso. Finalmente, não houve associação entre a nutrição precoce e enterocolite. Conclusão: Oferta de alimentação precoce não foi fator de proteção para enterocolite. Contudo, os achados demonstram efeito desta sobre curso clínico e nutricional do grupo.
Bone Disorders in Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease: A Literature Review
Authors: Capossela Lavinia , Ferretti Serena , D'Alonzo Silvia , Di Sarno Lorenzo , Pansini Valeria , Curatola Antonietta , Chiaretti Antonio , Gatto Antonio
Published: October 2023

Intense alterations of mineral and bone metabolism are prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and represent an important cause of morbidity and decreased quality of life. These disor-ders have traditionally been defined as renal osteodystrophy and classified based on bone biop-sy, but due to a lack of bone biopsy data and validated radiological methods to evaluate bone morphology in children, it has been difficult to adequately evaluate renal osteodystrophy in pe-diatric CKD. This has led to suboptimal management of bone disorders in children. CKD-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is a new term used to describe a systemic disorder of mineral and bone metabolism as a result of CKD. CKD-MBD is a triad of biochemical imbalances of cal-cium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone and vitamin D, bone abnormalities and soft tissue calci-fication. This literature review aims to explore the pathogenesis, diagnostic approach, and treat-ment of CKD-MBD in children and the specific consequences of renal osteodystrophy on growing skeleton, with a specific focus on the biological basis of this peculiar condition.
Phenological Phases of Water Bodies in the Boreal and Subarctic Zone of the Northern Hemisphere According to SMOS Satellite Data and Their Relationship with the Seasonal Dynamics of CO2 Concentration in the Atmosphere
Authors: Tikhonov Vasiliy , Ermakov Dmitry , Pashinov Eugene , Khvostov Ilya , Romanov Andrey
Published: October 2023

This paper presents the results of a comparison of the seasonal dynamics of carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere and the phenological phases of various water bodies located in the boreal and subarctic zones for 2012–2020. Six large freshwater areas were selected as research objects: Lake Baikal, Lake Ladoga, Gulf of Ob, Lake Huron, Great Bear Lake and Great Slave Lake. In addition, four areas of wetlands in Western Siberia were studied. The CO2 concentration in the air column over water bodies was obtained from CAMS global greenhouse gas reanalysis data. These data represent three-dimensional fields of aerosols and chemical components in the atmosphere, with complete coverage of the globe. The phenological phases of the water bodies were determined using data from the MIRAS microwave radiometer of the SMOS satellite. The comparison and analysis performed showed that the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere over the studied water bodies has a seasonal cyclical nature. The minimum concentration corresponds to the summer period due to strong photosynthesis of phytoplankton and swamp vegetation, which results in the absorption of carbon dioxide. The maximum CO2 concentration over the water bodies corresponds to the end of the winter – the beginning of the spring period, when photosynthesis processes are minimal. During this period, CO2 is being accumulated in water bodies and subsequently emitted. In freezing lakes located in the boreal zone, in addition to a stable spring maximum of CO2, a strong short-term release of carbon dioxide is sometimes observed, also corresponding to the stage of destruction of the ice cover. It is associated with the release of CO2 accumulated over the winter period, which was “sealed” in the ice and in the water column under the ice. The absence of such a release in the waters of the subarctic zone is explained by the lower biological productivity of these reservoirs compared to the waters of the boreal zone.
Deep Learning-based Hip X-ray Image Analysis for Predicting Osteoporosis
Authors: Feng Shang-Wen , Lin Szu-Yin , Chiang Yi-Hung , Lu Meng-Han , Chao Yu-Hsiang
Published: October 2023

Osteoporosis is a common problem in orthopedic medicine, and it has become an important medical issue in orthopedics as Taiwan is gradually becoming an aging society. In the diagnosis of osteoporosis, the bone mineral density (BMD) derived from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the main criterion for orthopedic diagnosis of osteoporosis, but due to the high cost of this equipment and the lower penetration rate of the equipment compared to the X-ray images, the problem of osteoporosis has not been effectively solved for many people who suffer from osteoporosis, however, at present, in clinical diagnosis, doctors are not yet able to accurately interpret X-ray images for osteoporosis manually, and must rely on the data obtained from DXA. In recent years, with the continuous development of artificial intelligence, especially in machine learning and deep learning, significant progress has been made in image recognition. Therefore, it is worthwhile to revisit whether it is possible to use a convolutional neural network model to read a hip X-ray image and then predict the patient's BMD. In this study, we proposed a hip X-ray image segmentation model and a hip X-ray image recognition classification model. First, we used the U-Net model as a framework to segment the femoral neck, greater trochanter, wards triangle, and the total hip in the hip X-ray images. We then performed image matting and data augmentation. Finally, we constructed a predictive model for osteoporosis using deep learning algorithms. In the segmentation experiments, we used intersection over union (IoU) as the evaluation metric for image segmentation, and both the U-Net and U-Net++ models achieved segmentation results greater than or equal to 0.5. In the classification experiments, using the T-score as the classification basis, the total hip using the DenseNet121 model has the highest accuracy of 74%.
Predictive Maintenance of Machinery with Rotating Parts Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Apeiranthitis Stamatis , Zacharia Paraskevi , Chatzopoulos Avraam , Papoutsidakis Michail
Published: October 2023

All kinds of vessels consist of dozens of complex machineries with rotating parts and electric motors that operate continuously in a harsh environment with excess temperature and humidity, vibration, fatigue and load. A breakdown or malfunction in one of these machineries can significantly impact the vessel’s operation and safety and consequently, the safety of the crew and the environment. To maintain operational efficiency and seaworthiness, the shipping industry invests substantial resources in preventive maintenance and repairs. This research presents the economic and technical benefits of predictive maintenance over to traditional preventive maintenance, and repair by replacement approaches in the maritime domain. By leveraging modern technology and Artificial Intelligence, we can analyze real-time operating conditions of machinery, enabling early detection of potential damages and allowing for effective planning of future maintenance and repair activities. In this paper, we propose and develop a Convolutional Neural Network that is fed with raw vibration measurements acquired in a laboratory environment from the ball bearings of a motor. Then, we investigate whether the proposed network can accurately detect the functional state of ball bearings and categorize any possible failures present, contributing to improved maintenance practices in the shipping industry.
Gemological, Spectral, and Chemical Features of Canary Yellow Chrysoberyl
Authors: Gao Yujie , Li Xu , Cheng Yansheng , Huang Tiantian , Li Kongliang , Xu Bo , Tang Ruobin
Published: October 2023

In this study, seventeen faceted gem-quality chrysoberyls exhibiting an attractive canary yellow color were investigated by a series of gemological, spectral, and chemical methods. Microscopic observation reveals distinct growth lines and inclusions, including CO2 fluids, carbon, and mineral crystals such as calcite, quartz, sillimanite, and mica, identified by the Raman spectrum. The FTIR spectrum exhibits the 2405 and 2160 cm-1 feature peaks and a 3223 cm-1 peak in all samples, which can be accompanied by the 3112 cm-1 shoulder, 3301, and 3412 and 3432 cm-1 peaks. The UV-Vis spectrum shows a Fe-related peak at 440 nm, along with the 650–660 nm band and the absorption band in the blue zone of the visible light. The chemical results of EDXRF reveal a V-poor, Cr-poor, and Fe-rich feature. The spectral and chemical results could contribute to explaining the origin of the canary yellow color, which originates from the abundant amount of Fe with very little influence from Cr or V.
Emergent Spatial-Temporal Patterns in a Ring of Locally Coupled Population Oscillators
Authors: Rusakov Alexey V. , Tikhonov Dmitry A. , Nurieva Nailya I. , Medvinsky Alexander B.
Published: October 2023

A closed chain of oscillators can be considered as a model of ring-shaped ecosystems, such as atolls or coastal zones of inland reservoirs. As an oscillator model, we use the logistic map that often referred to as an archetypical example of how complex dynamics can arise from very simple nonlinear equations. We investigate the influence of the model parameters both on the nature of oscillations in the oscillator ring and on the spatial structures that arise in this case. Namely, we demonstrate a variety of emerging spatial structures depending on the initial conditions.
Leukemia Cutis—the Current View on Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Robak Ewa , Braun Marcin , Robak Tadeusz
Published: October 2023

Leukemia cutis (LC) is defined as leukemic infiltration of the epidermis, the dermis, and the subcutaneous tissue. Leukemia cutis may follow or occur simultaneously with the diagnosis of systemic leukemia. However, cutaneous lesions are occasionally diagnosed as the primary manifestation of leukemia. Leukemic skin infiltrations demonstrate considerable variation regarding number of changes, distribution, and morphology. The highest incidence of LC is observed in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, monocytic and myelomonocytic acute myeloid leukemia, and in T-cell lineage leukemia. Although the pathogenic mechanism of the invasion of leukemic cells into the skin is not well understood, chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules as well as genetic characteristics of leukemia are thought to play a role. Leukemic skin lesions may be localized or disseminated and may occur alone or in combination on any site of the skin, most frequently in the trunk and extremities. The most common clinical presentations of leukemia cutis are papules, nodules, macules, plaques, and ulcers. In most patients, complete or partial resolution of cutaneous infiltrations occurs simultaneously with hematologic remission. However, in patients with resistant disease or recurrent skin infiltration, local radiotherapy can be used. This review presents recent data on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of leukemic skin involvement in different types of leukemia
Space-Time Equation of Oscillating Energy in Linked Shell-Model – Analogon of Damping-Energy
Authors: Döring Holger
Published: October 2023

The differential-equation of second order for space-time oscillation in flat tangential-spacetime of Minkowski-type can be written as an energy-equation. For this energy-equation the analogon of damping energy in two coupled Minkoswki-spacetimes with ftl can be calculated and formulated over Lamberts W-function or via Euler-equation.
Machine Learning Analysis of Public Procurement in the Dominican Republic: Impacts on Economic Efficiency and Inclusive Sourcing
Authors: Duran Cornelio Luis M , Bautista Thompson Ernesto
Published: October 2023

This research undertakes a quantitative exploration of the impact of procurement mo-dalities on economic efficiency and inclusive procurement within the Dominican Repub-lic's public sector. Applying data science methodologies and machine learning techniques, this study analyzes a rich dataset of public procurement contracts spanning from 2018 to 2023. A focus is placed on understanding how different procurement modalities affect contract amounts and processing times—two key indicators of economic efficiency. Machine learning models, including Random Forest and Gradient Boosting, are em-ployed to predict these essential metrics across different procurement modalities. The findings indicate a significant positive correlation between certain procurement modali-ties and economic efficiency. The machine learning models reveal that procurement strategies focused on local sourcing and transparent bidding processes tend to yield high-er economic returns and more equitable outcomes. This research underscores the poten-tial of quantitative analysis to inform procurement policies, fostering a more economi-cally efficient and inclusive procurement ecosystem in the Dominican Republic's public sector. The insights garnered from this study could have significant implications for the design of more inclusive procurement strategies, contributing to socio-economic growth and corruption reduction in the Dominican Republic.
The Role of SRC-3 in Prostate Cancer Progression and Implications for Therapeutic Targeting: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zakari Suleiman , Bella-Omunagbe Mercy , Zakari Hajara , O. Ogbu Celestine , Ejim Uti Daniel , Ogunlana Olubanke O.
Published: October 2023

Background: Prostate cancer remains a significant global health concern, and understanding the molecular drivers of this disease is crucial for developing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Steroid Receptor Coactivator-3 (SRC-3), a member of the SRC family, has emerged as a key player in prostate cancer pathogenesis. This review comprehensively examine the role of SRC-3 in prostate cancer, encompassing molecular mechanisms, clinical implications, and therapeutic opportunities. Methods: A systematic literature search following PRISMA guidelines was conducted in PubMed, PMC, and other relevant databases to identify studies that investigate SRC-3 in prostate cancer. A total of 67 articles were selected based on predetermined inclusion criteria. Results: 785 articles were retrieved from databases using specific keywords and MeSH terms related to SRC-3 and Prostate Cancer. After removing 461 duplicates, 260 articles were excluded based on title and abstract review. Subsequently, a comprehensive screening by three researchers resulted in 47 relevant articles for this systematic review. We summarize its contributions to AR-mediated transcriptional regulation, tumor growth, and metastasis. Evidence suggests that SRC-3 expression correlates with prostate cancer aggressiveness, disease recurrence, and poor patient outcomes. Its potential as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target is explored, offering insights into personalized medicine approaches. Conclusions: SRC-3 plays a pivotal role in prostate cancer, influencing disease progression and clinical outcomes. Understanding the molecular intricacies of SRC-3 in prostate cancer offers new opportunities for precision medicine and innovative therapeutic approaches. This review provides a comprehensive overview of SRC-3's involvement in prostate cancer, emphasizing its clinical relevance and potential as a therapeutic target, ultimately contributing to improved patient care in the era of personalized oncology.
Chinese Agriculture towards "Green & Grain" Productivity Growth: Evidence from Jiangsu Province
Authors: Zhao Lijiu , Jin Tao , Qin Lintao , Li Zaijun
Published: October 2023

China is striving to leverage the power of science and technology to green its agriculture while increasing grain productivity. In this context, this study presents the green growth rate of agriculture from the DEA-based Green Total Factor Productivity (GTFP) indicator, together with the growth rate of grain yields, and applies it to the case of Jiangsu, a major grain-producing province with a well-developed economy. It is found that Jiangsu's agriculture has generally performed well in the implementation of the two major national strategies of green development and grain security, especially in the northern Jiangsu, which is a major grain-producing area. In contrast, the phased fluctuations of green growth in agriculture in Southern Jiangsu are more pronounced, with even negative green growth occurring during the green agriculture movement. Much of the volatility in agricultural green growth at the provincial, subregional, municipal level comes from the effects of the movement of the green technology frontier led by best practitioners. Accordingly, the possibility of improving the weak state of the catch-up effect on green growth is explored from the perspective of the Chinese government-led agricultural science and innovation system; it also traces the green agricultural initiatives in the main grain-marketing areas that have failed to deliver the expected green growth, and recommends a review of such policies and refinement of the GTFP Index tool for assessing sustainable green growth.
Assessment of an Ultrasound-Guided Rectus Sheath Block in Foals: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Bautista Álvaro Jesús Gutiérrez , Söbbeler Franz Josef , Koch Rüdiger , Viscasillas Jaime , Kästner Sabine
Published: October 2023

In neonatal equines, pathologies involving umbilical structures are an important cause of morbidity, and surgical removal of urachal remnants is a common procedure in clinical practice. Surgery involving the ventral abdominal wall can cause substantial pain, leading to complications and prolonged recovery. The objectives of this study were to describe a two-point bilateral ultrasound-guided rectus sheath block at the level of the umbilicus and to evaluate the extent of dye distribution in foal cadavers. Ten foal cadavers were included in the study, in which a bilateral two-point ultrasound-guided rectus sheath block was performed—one injection cranially and a second one caudally to the umbilicus. The injectate consisted of a mixture of iodinated contrast medium and blue dye at a volume of 0.25 mL kg-1 per injection point (total 1 mL kg-1). After the injection, computer tomography and subsequent dissection of the ventral abdominal wall were performed. The extension of the contrast medium, the number of stained nerves, and contamination of the abdominal cavity were evaluated. The cranio-caudal extension of the contrast ranged from 0.8 to 1.4 centimeters per milliliter of injectate. The most commonly stained ventral branches of spinal nerves were thoracic (Th) nerves 16, 17, and 18 (95%, 85%, and 80% of the nerves, respectively). Abdominal contamination was found in 4 animals. The results suggest that the block could provide periumbilical analgesia. Further studies with different volumes of injectate and living animals are warranted.