bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal Performance and Sensitivity Analysis of Permanent Magnet Motor: Theoretical Investigation and Optimization
Authors: Nasr Amany , Badran Ebrahim , Mansy Ibrahim
Published: December 2024

The thermal model of a permanent magnet motor (PMM) is investigated in this study using the lumped parameter thermal approach to calculate temperature variation at steady-state and transient conditions. The temperature variation of the motor components over time under various loads is investigated. The proposed thermal model was constructed with the MATLAB code. The thermal characteristics of the motor are examined using the simulation results. The optimization and sensitivity analysis are done using the response surface method (RSM) by design expert software. It can be seen that increasing the load and time increases the temperature of all parts in the machine. Also, point multiplication with 0.998 desirability is presented, which has the best efficiency with the lowest temperature.
Morphology and Deviation Dimension of Hydroxyapatite/Collagen Composite after Printing with Three-Dimensional Bioprinting
Authors: Nurbaiti Nurbaiti , Herliansyah Muhammad Kusumawan , Tontowi Alva Edy , Widiastuti Maria Goreti , Hoten Hendri Van
Published: December 2024

Nowadays, the requirements of scaffolds and bone grafts are increasing along with large defects increasing every year. Furthermore, large defects that occur in human bones are customary. However, this obstacle can be overcome by using 3D printing. This study aims to investigate the morphology, deviation dimension, shrinkage and hardness of hydroxyapatite (HA)/collagen composite, which these materials mimic with human bone. HA/collagen composite was printed using three-dimensional bioprinting based on extrusion with a print speed of 10 mm/min and a layer height of 0.5 mm. The composition of HA and collagen material is 70% and 30%, respectively, where this composition mimics natural bone. Morphology and dimension of HA/collagen composite were obtained by transmission electron microscope. Moreover, the deviation dimension and shrinkage were measured using the Miviewcap optical microscope and software Image J. The resulting HA/collagen composite clearly showed that collagen was in the form of fibers while HA was in an irregular shape. The average width and length of collagen were 5.98 + 0.20 nm and 82.48 + 6.23 nm, respectively. Moreover, the Average width and length of HA were 21.85 + 0.53 nm and 23.30 + 1.33 nm. The average deviation dimension in the X, Y, and Z axes was 2.69%, 1.40%, and 24.12%. Furthermore, shrinkage was 12.27%, 10.18%, and 19.06% on the X, Y, and Z axes. The average hardness of specimen 1 and 2 of HA/collagen composite were 0.0021594 HV.
Experimental Investigation of Operating Parameter Effect on DI CI Diesel Engine Using Flamboyant Biodiesel Blends
Authors: Kumar V. Dinesh , Rajendran Silambarasan , Hemadri Vinayak B. , Prakash Chander , Sengottaiyan Saravanakumar
Published: December 2024

Due to the demeaning character of fossil fuels and their detrimental harmful effects on the ecosystem, studies have focused on finding appropriate non-edible replacements. In the present research, the emissions and performance features of the blends of biodiesel generated from the chosen raw materials (flamboyant seed), which includes B25, B50, B75, and B100, were evaluated in the early stages of the research. A diesel engine continues to operate at an authorized rate of 1500 rpm. In the following phase of the research, the focus is on defining the appropriate blend's performance as well as its emission characteristics under the ideal operating circumstances. The FME blend B25 is found to be satisfactory, and the optimal parameters to stated standards have been CR 18.5.With the exception of NOX emission, the ideal blend surpassed alternatives in terms of BSFC and BTHE associated with reduced CO and HC outputs. The optimum fuel's BSFC and BTHE at the maximum load, for CR 18.5, are 0.257 kg/kW-hr and 31.47%, respectively. The emission levels of CO, HC, and NOX are 0.08%, 51 ppm, and 1029 ppm.
Engineering Corrosion-Resistant Microstructures in AZ31D Magnesium Alloy through Friction Stir Processing
Authors: Patel Md Saad , Rahaman Ariful , Immanuel R. Jose , Khan MD. F , Kahaly Mousumi Upadhyay , Nafeena Abdul Munaf
Published: December 2024

In this study friction stir processing (FSP) was utilized to refine the microstructure of thick AZ31D magnesium (Mg) alloy, followed by evaluation of its microstructure and corrosion behavior in a NaCl environment. The application of a tapered threaded pin profile resulted in enhanced material mixing, significant grain refinement and reduced defect formation due to minimal heat input and minimized thermal gradients across the stir zone (SZ). The SZ, dominated by the pin profile, exhibited a fine, equiaxed, and uniform grain structure throughout its thickness the average grain size reduced from 13.8 µm to 5.19 µm after second pass of FSP confirmed through field-emission scanning election microscopy (FE-SEM) analysis. This structural refinement significantly enhanced the corrosion performance of the FSPed alloys, as compared to the base material (BM), demonstrated by electrochemical testing in 3.5% NaCl solution. The FSPed alloy surface showed uniform corrosion behavior, instead of intergranular corrosion with deep mud cracking patterns observed in the BM. This improved corrosion resistance was due to the uniformity of the produced microstructure via FSP, which reduced localised corrosion sites. These findings suggest that FSP is a promising technique for improving the durability of Mg alloys in corrosive environments, potentially benefiting applications in the automotive and aerospace industries.
Decoding the genetics in haematology – from methods to applications
Authors: Punchihewa C.
Published: December 2024

Genetics play a significant role in many haematological disorders, both malignant and otherwise. Many such disorders have been well characterised at the genomic level as a result of research-driven discoveries of disease-causing variants. In addition to disease diagnostics, modern-day clinical molecular genetics span from predictive genomic testing to personalised treatment strategies and post-treatment monitoring. Coupled with the growth of applications are the development in genetic testing technologies, with ever-dropping sequencing costs that has brought gene panels and whole exome or genome sequencing to the standard clinical practice. However, despite the rapid advances in technology, there is still an important place in the clinic, even for the most basic PCR tests from the distant past. With the inherent advantages and limitations of each technology, applying the correct method to the correct test is important not only in the clinical and scientific perspective but also in the economies of healthcare. This article outlines the various genetic techniques and their current and potential future applications in haematology.
A male patient with high alkaline phosphatase levels
Authors: Wijethilake S. , Jayamanna S. , Williams S.
Published: December 2024

No abstract available
The Mercedes-Benz Sign in the Gallbladder
Authors: Naggar Amine , Fadil Mohamed , Kabila Badr , Jerguigue Hounayda , Omor Youssef , Latib Rachida
Published: December 2024

The “Mercedes-Benz” sign is a term used to describe a triradiate pattern of gas found within gallstones. This pattern was initially observed on abdominal radiographs and later confirmed on computed tomography. It allows the differentiation with causes of gas within the gallbladder such as emphysematous cholecystitis, biliary-enteric fistula, sphincterotomy, and cholangitis from gas-forming organisms.
Negative Aging Self-stereotypes and Aging Perceptions beyond a Holistic Perspective
Authors: John Feba , Athiramol P. V. , Kameswaran Ramalingam , Kandasamy Krishnaveni
Published: December 2024

The aging population is increasing, and their well-being is a critical issue worldwide. The concept of “self-perceptions of senescence” refers to how individuals view their own aging process, with successful aging characterized by good physical and cognitive functioning, absence of illness, and socialization. However, education and wealth can limit the number of successful agers. Psychological determinants, such as stress, anxiety, emotional stability, and social support, play a vital role in quality of life, while social determinants, such as access to health care, income, and social support networks, are also important factors. Age-related self-stereotypes can be acquired in two stages, as individuals become targets of age-related prejudices and stereotypes that encompass their traits, actions, skills, and desires. These commonly held beliefs, known as “old-age stereotypes,” stem from age being a prevalent social construct that affects many aspects of people’s lives.
C-reactive Protein to Albumin Ratio as a Predictor of Infectious Etiology in Patients Admitted to General Medicine: A Single-center Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Sarma Arup Kumar , Das Ashabari , Thakuria Bandana , Saikia Priyam
Published: December 2024

Background and Aim:

Procalcitonin (PCT) is widely used to predict progression to sepsis, but PCT is expensive, time-consuming, and may not be routinely available, whereas parameters such as total leucocyte count (TLC), neutrophil and lymphocyte percentage, C-reactive protein (CRP), and albumin are routinely done as initial workup of patient. Recently, CRP to albumin ratio (CAR) has received a great deal of attention as a marker of inflammation. Hence, we aimed to evaluate CAR ratio as a predictor of likelihood of progression to sepsis and to compare the ability of CAR and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for the prediction of likelihood to progression of sepsis.

Materials and Methods:

We selected 64 patients above 12 years of age with clinical suspicion of sepsis and in whom PCT level was available in first 48 h. TC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, CRP, and albumin were also obtained as part of routine investigation and NLR and CAR were calculated. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of each of these parameters through area under the receiver operating characteristics curve.

Results:

It was seen that in patients of CAR > 40, an infectious cause was very likely. High levels of CAR could predict progression to sepsis (P < 0.001) and CRP alone also showed similar results (P < 0.0131). In contrast, TLC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, NLR, and albumin alone were found to be poor predictors of infective etiology and likelihood of progression to sepsis.

Conclusion:

CAR ratio is a good predictor of likelihood of progression to sepsis in patients presenting with clinical features of possible infection and its predictive power is better that NLR.
Study the Utility of S100 Protein and Vimentin as a Marker for Neoplastic Myoepithelial Cells in Salivary Gland Neoplasms
Authors: Munish Kanika , Gupta Mamta , Bansal Rani
Published: December 2024

Background and Aim:

Complexity of salivary gland tumors (SGTs) is attributed to the presence of myoepithelial component. S100P and vimentin can serve as potential markers in staining the neoplastic myoepithelial cells (NMECs), thus helping in understanding the origin of various SGTs. The study aimed at identifying the NMECs with the help of vimentin and S100 protein and correlating its expression in tumors.

Materials and Methods:

The study included 32 cases of primary SGTs. Expression of S100P and vimentin was analyzed in NMECs and luminal cells in different tumors. The expression was recorded as positive/negative and weak/strong intensity of staining. Positivity in ductal/acinar (luminal) cells was documented in cases with positive staining. Descriptive data analysis was done.

Results:

Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) was the most commonly diagnosed tumor, and all cases showed positive expression for vimentin and S100 in NMECs. Vimentin was also positive in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), intraductal papilloma, and PA component of carcinoma ex PA. S100 was positive in NMECs in intraductal papilloma, lymphoepithelial cyst, ACC, secretory carcinoma, and PA component of carcinoma ex PA. Both markers showed negative expression in mucoepidermoid carcinoma and Warthin tumor.

Conclusion:

Expression of vimentin and S100 in NMECs explains the histogenesis and varied morphological patterns of different SGTs. Immunohistochemical staining can enhance the accuracy and act as a helpful tool in differential diagnosis of SGTs with overlapping morphological features.
Predictive Factors of Mortality in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Subjects: A Monocenter Prospective Observational Study in Algeria
Authors: Fettal Nadia , Siali Nadjet , Chaker Mahammed , Ketfi Abdelbassat
Published: December 2024

Background and Aim:

To assess the prevalence of mortality and identify predictive factors for mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) subjects, we conducted a prospective and observational study of a cohort of COPD patients, followed over 3 years. In addition to providing appropriate therapeutic care for each stage of the disease, we annually conducted clinical evaluations (assessing dyspnea, body mass index [BMI], comorbidities, and exacerbations) and functional assessments (spirometry and the 6-minute walk test [6MWT]) for our patients.

Materials and Methods:

Over a 3-year period, we conducted a prospective and observational study of a cohort of patients with COPD. Clinical evaluation (dyspnea, assessed using the modified Medical Research Council [mMRC] scale, BMI, comorbidities, and exacerbations) and functional evaluation (spirometry and 6MWT) were conducted annually. A threshold of three exacerbations per year was established to identify frequent exacerbators. In addition, we assessed the quality of life using the COPD Assessment Test questionnaire.

Results:

Our series consists of 132 men and 3 women, with an average age of 61 ± 9 years. Smoking is found in 95% with an average consumption of 50 P/A. The average stage of dyspnea according to mMRC was 1.8 ± 0.7 and the average BMI was 22.1 ± 3.7 kg/m2. Comorbidities were recorded at 64% with a predominance of cardiovascular factors. The functional outcomes were as follows: the mean postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s was 58.25% ±15%, the mean distance covered in 6 min was 366 ± 107 m, and the mean Body Mass Index, Airflow Obstruction, Dyspnea, and Exercise Capacity (BODE) index was 2.7 ± 1. The mortality rate during our follow-up period was 12.6%. Univariate analyses have shown a significant relationship between mortality and the factors traditionally recognized as factors of COPD severity: age, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stage, dyspnea stage, 6MWT, frequency of exacerbations, BMI, and comorbidities. However, in multivariate analysis, mortality is significantly correlated with three factors (BODE index, 6MWT, and frequency of exacerbations).

Conclusion:

Mortality among COPD patients in stable condition remains high despite adequate therapeutic care. This mortality rate is very significantly linked to the frequency of exacerbations.
Anti-inflammatory potential of black cumin seed oil and its nanoemulsion formulation against lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in mice
Authors: Haffez Hesham , Hosni Rehab , Swidan Shady A. , Amin Hatem K.
Published: December 2024

Objective:

To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of black cumin seed oil (BCSO) and its nanoemulsion on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver injury in mice.

Methods:

LPS-induced acute liver injury mouse model was used to evaluate the effects of BCSO and its nanoemulsion formulation on liver function. Hepatic inflammatory markers including Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), interleukin(IL)-1β, heme-oxygenase 1, BAX, and BCL-2 were assessed using real-time PCR. Additionally, protein levels of reduced glutathione, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-6 were measured using ELISA, and histological analysis was performed. Indomethacin was used as a standard positive control for comparison.

Results:

BCSO reduced LPS-induced liver injury and exhibited strong anti-inflammatory effects by downregulating the expression of TLR4, IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and heme-oxygenase 1. Additionally, BCSO demonstrated antioxidant properties by increasing reduced glutathione protein levels and decreasing key apoptotic markers BAX and BCL-2 in hepatocytes. The nanoemulsion formulation further enhanced these anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic effects, and histological examination confirmed this effect. Combining BCSO with indomethacin at a lower dose improved efficacy, thereby reducing its potential side effects.

Conclusions:

The investigation reveals the anti-inflammatory impact of BCSO and its nanoemulsion formulation on LPS-induced liver oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.
Primary Breast Osteosarcoma: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Tsai Tsung-Han , Huang Hsuan-Ying , Su Yu-Li
Published: December 2024

Primary breast osteosarcomas are rare. We report an unusual case of a 58-year-old female presenting with a right breast lump for 1 month. Mammography showed an ill-defined, heterogeneous, and coarse calcification measuring 4 cm over the upper inner quadrant of the right breast. She received an upfront partial mastectomy after core needle biopsy showed osteoid-like tissue with the presence of atypical cells and some multinucleated giant cells. The final pathology revealed Grade 3 extraosseous osteosarcoma, osteoblastic type. Four cycles of adjuvant doxorubicin and cisplatin followed by radiotherapy were given due to the close surgical margin. She has since been free of recurrence for 3 years.
Dramatic Response to Enfortumab Vedotin in Soft-tissue Metastases from Urothelial Carcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Wu Ming-Hsuan , Wang Chung-Chieh , Hsueh Fu-Jen
Published: December 2024

Soft-tissue metastasis from urothelial carcinoma is a rare but advanced disease entity. We report a patient with muscle-invasive bladder cancer who experienced rapid disease recurrence following radical surgery and adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy. Despite further treatment with taxane-based chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors, the patient developed diffuse soft-tissue metastases, including in the skin, muscles of the extraocular area, extremities, and trunk. Salvage treatment with enfortumab vedotin (EV) was administered along with local radiation therapy to the orbital metastasis for better symptom control. Unexpectedly, the soft-tissue metastases showed a dramatic response after the first cycle of EV. However, after two cycles of EV treatment, the skin and extremity muscular metastases progressed, while the extraocular metastasis remained controlled. Four months after EV treatment, the patient died due to systemic progression and infection.
Gastric wall endometriosis: A case report
Authors: Chou Meng Chieh
Published: December 2024

Endometriosis affects 6% of women of reproductive age. About 10% of cases occur in extrapelvic locations, with gastric endometriosis being very rare. Typical symptoms include cyclical or chronic epigastric pain, especially in endometriosis patients, though most are nonspecific. We report a case of gastric endometriosis in a woman of reproductive age with a history of Cesarean section.
Efficacy of plant extract in chronic low back pain: A meta-analysis
Authors: Li Chen-Pi , Tsai Ru-Yin , Yu Jui-Ting , Huang Shin-Chuan , Liu Fang-Ling , Lin Sheng-Yi
Published: December 2024

Background:

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) impacts quality of life and healthcare reliance.

Objectives:

We systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the use of plant extracts to treat CLBP according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines.

Methods:

Four databases (i.e., PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library) were searched for published studies. We searched databases up to July 2024. Seven RCTs were analyzed. The study has been registered in PROSPERO (number: CRD 42024570674).

Results:

Plant extracts alone or combined with massage significantly reduced pain, particularly when applied to multiple meridian points.

Conclusion:

Plant extracts are a promising nonpharmacological treatment option for CLBP. One potential mechanism is through their interaction with multiple meridian pathways, which may enhance pain relief. This possible relationship between meridian involvement and therapeutic efficacy warrants further investigation to better understand the long-term benefits and underlying mechanisms of plant extract therapy.
Osteochondroma of the Scapula in a 12-year-old Girl: An Unusual Case Report
Authors: Raja Kunne Bharath , Rao K. L. Jagadishwar
Published: December 2024

Osteochondromas are benign bone lesions composed of medullary and cartilaginous bone covered by hyaline cartilage, generally occurring near the growth plate. They are usually solitary and can be sessile or pedunculated. The presence of medullary and cortical bone with the continuity of the tumor is pathognomonic for osteochondroma. We report the case of a 12-year-old girl who was brought to the hospital by her mother with a painful slow-growing mass over the left scapula, with no limitations to the range of movements. On examination, a 4 cm × 3 cm × 4 cm hard, ovoid swelling with irregular margins was noticed and palpated over the dorsal aspect of the scapula. The patient was managed with surgical excision and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of osteochondroma. Postoperative follow-up, the patient had full range of movements at the shoulder joint without any discomfort. In conclusion, scapular exostoses are rare, and symptomatic patients can be managed with surgical excision of the tumor.
Analysis of a Safe and Fasttrack L Prakash (LPR) Method of Reduction for Anterior Shoulder Dislocation
Authors: Kishore V. , Babu A. K. Rajesh , Venkatesh D.
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Anterior dislocation was the most common type of shoulder dislocation often encountered in emergencies. Many methods were described by authors for reduction, which involves either traction or sedation or some assistance, but they were not without iatrogenic complications. A universally acceptable and ideal method is not yet concluded. Dr L. Praksh (LPR) introduced a new method for reduction which is quick, safe, painless and does not require traction or sedation or assistance and without any complications. This study aims to analyze and safety of the LPR technique.

Materials and Methods:

This was a prospective study conducted in two different institutes by the same author and team. All the cases of acute anterior shoulder dislocation and dislocation with associated greater tuberosity fractures were diagnosed, and necessary details were recorded and reduced by the LPR method. A maximum of two attempts were tried on difficult patients. No traction, no sedation, and no assistance were followed during the maneuver. Time taken for reduction, complications if any were recorded.

Results:

Among 64 patients included in the study, 48 (75%) were male, 16 (25%) were female. The mean age was 37.5 (range 17–65) years. Associated greater tuberosity fractures were seen in 8 (12.5%) patients. LPR method successfully reduced shoulder dislocation in 63 (98.4%) patients, among them 2 (3%) reduced in second attempt. The average time taken for reduction was 3–4 min. No complications were recorded.

Conclusion:

L. Prakash (LPR) method of reduction for anterior dislocation of the shoulder is a FastTrack method which is safe, effective, near ideal and without complications even in associated greater tuberosity fractures.
Functional Outcome of Lateral End Clavicle Fractures Treated with Precontoured Lateral End Clavicle Plates Verses Clavicle Hook Plate – A Comparative Study
Authors: Lingaraju K. , Chand Mohd Ejazul Haq , Kashikar Girishastri
Published: December 2024

Background:

Lateral end clavicle fractures are common to end up in nonunion if not surgically treated, many interventions are advised for the surgical management of lateral end clavicle fractures. Precontoured lateralend clavicle locking plates (PLCLP) and clavicle hook plates (CHPs) are among the commonly used techniques; nonetheless, no single procedure is deemed to be the benchmark treatment. Thus, the aim of the study is to compare the functional outcome of lateral end clavicle fractures treated with precontoured lateral end clavicle plates verses CHP.

Objectives:

This study involves evaluating the functional outcome of lateral end clavicle fractures treated with precontoured lateral end clavicle locking plates verses CHP.

Materials and Methods:

In 20 patients with lateral end clavicle fractures 10 patients were treated with open reduction and internal fixation with precontoured lateral end clavicle locking plate and 10 patients treated with CHP at the Department of Orthopaedics MMCR and I, Mysore, from December 2020 to May 2022 with age from 18 years to 65 years. Clinical assessments for functional outcome were performed at 3 weeks, 12 weeks and 24 weeks interval and results were analyzed using the Constant and Murley score.

Results:

Twenty patients were followed for 6 months the mean Constant–Murley score, and in the PLCLP group were, 82.1 ± 5.2, at 12 weeks postoperatively. Scores were significantly better than those in the HP group 72.5 ± 4.1 (P < 0.05). At 24 weeks postoperatively, mean Constant–Murley score was 90 ± 4 in the PLCLP group and 80 ± 5 in the CHP group. Functional outcome is better and lesser complications among the group treated with precontoured lateral end clavicle locking plates compared to the group treated with CHP.

Conclusion:

Open reduction and internal fixation with precontoured lateral end clavicle locking plates provide better functional outcomes and fewer complications than those treated with CHP in treating lateral end clavicle fractures.
Role of Titanium Elastic Nailing in the Surgical Management of Fracture Shaft Femur in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Gupta Abhishek , Sharma Govind
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Orthopedic surgeons treat femur shaft fractures more frequently in children. Pediatric femoral shaft fractures (FSFs) can be surgically stabilized using a variety of techniques, such as rigid intramedullary nailing, compression plating, and external fixation. An internal splint that shares the load and facilitates both mobilization and alignment maintenance would be the perfect therapy tool. The purpose of this research is to determine the function of TENS in the fixation of children patients’ femur shaft fractures.

Materials and Methods:

This prospective research had been done in our hospital’s orthopedic department. Fifty patients, aged 5 to 15 years, who had femur shaft fractures were surgically managed with TENS. The patients were monitored clinically as well as radiologically for 6, 12, and 24 weeks, or until the fracture healed.

Results:

Flynn’s scoring system was employed to assess the clinical outcomes, assigning a score of excellent for 40 patients (80%), satisfactory for 10 patients (20%), and poor for none of the patients. Bone union took an average of 10.78 weeks.

Conclusion:

TENS is an easy, less time-consuming, and effective way to treat pediatric shaft femur fractures. It has several benefits, including a short recovery period, fewer hospital stays, early mobilization, and a low rate of complications.
Impact of Myo-Inositol-Chiro Inositol Combination on the improvement of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Condition
Authors: Hussein Zuhair Assi , Majeed Maysaa Jalal , Al-Anbari Lubna Amer
Published: December 2024

Background:

Inositol was previously classified as a vitamin, but it is not one as it is produced by the body. It plays a role as a second messenger of insulin in several insulin-dependent processes, including polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and metabolic syndrome.

Objective:

This study aims to determine the impact of myo+ D-chiro inositol treatment on gut hormones insulin-like peptide 5 (ILP5) and phosphodiesterase 9 (PDE9) inhibitors, as well as determine if it improves the metabolic profile and the state of PCOS.

Materials and Methods:

The research conducted by the University of Baghdad’s College of Medicine was authorized by the ethics committee. In the study, 50 obese women without PCOS, and 50 obese women with PCOS were enrolled, and they were then treated with 2000 mg of myo-inositol (MI) and 50 mg of D-chiro inositol (DCI) in a 40:1 ratio for 3 months while having their vital signs and laboratory tests checked both before and after the treatment. We examined fasting glucose, insulin, ILP5, PDE9 inhibitor, free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, the homeostatic model assessment index, and pretreatment and posttreatment. From February 2022 to the end of August 2022, participants in the study visited the Infertility Unit at the Higher Institute for Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technologies at Al-Nahrain University in Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. Participants in this research completed questionnaires to indicate their consent for the study to record information on women.

Results:

The results revealed that after administering the treatment to polycystic ovary patients, a significant decrease in their weight and an improvement in insulin resistance markers were observed, as well as a decrease in the levels of ILP5 (171.53 ± 22.55 vs. 83.60 ± 18.94), and an increase in the levels of phosphodiesterase9 enzyme (7.17 ± 1.58 ng/mL vs. 8.16 ± 1.37 ng/mL).

Conclusion:

This study concludes that MI–DCI could be proposed as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of women with polycystic ovaries, showing a positive effect on correcting PCOS symptoms and infertility.
Association between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms rs3757318 and Vitamin D Deficiency in Iraqi Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Hade Istikrar M. , Al-Khafaji Ahmed S. K. , Lafta Fadhel M. , Qaddoori Yasir B.
Published: December 2024

Background:

Multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the intergenic region between estrogen receptor 1 and CCDC170 (especially at rs3757318) are thought to be associated with breast cancer risk. additionally, the serum level of vitamin D is believed to be linked to different aspects of breast carcinogenesis.

Objectives:

To assess the potential association between rs3757318 SNP and breast cancer pathogenicity, specifically in relation to serum vitamin D levels.

Materials and Methods:

For addressing this issue, 100 subjects were enrolled in this work, including 50 female patients diagnosed with breast cancer recruited from the Oncology Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq and 50 apparently healthy women with no malignancies as a control group. The serums level of vitamin D was measured for breast cancer patients and healthy controls groups, whereas, CCDC170 rs3757318 SNP genotypes were assessed using TaqMan SNP genotyping and utilizing genomic DNA extracted from the participants.

Results:

Vitamin D levels were shown to be significantly reduced (P < 0.001) in breast cancer patients than that of the healthy controls (6.604 vs. 22.268, respectively). In respect to the CCDC170 gene rs3757318 SNP genotypes frequency, the mutant genotype (AA) was only identified in the investigated breast cancer patients (O.R. (C.I.) = 1.69 (0.86–2.07)) and this seems to confer the increased risk of breast cancer susceptibility.

Conclusion:

Overall, the findings of the present study suggest an association between the reduced vitamin D levels and CCDC170 gene rs3757318 SNP genotypes frequency in breast carcinogenesis.
Antibacterial Effect of Iron Nanoparticles (FeNPs) on Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Ahmed Mennat Allah Jamal , Abed Suha Maher , Hamad Arshad Mahdi
Published: December 2024

Background:

Excessive and incorrect use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of strains of Acinetobacter baumannii that have resistance to antibiotics, multidrug resistance A. aumannii has become a real threat to life of humans. So scientists have resorted to using nanotechnology to limit the spread of infection with these strains.

Objectives:

This study aimed to use an eco-friendly method for synthesizing iron nanoparticles FeNPs using Cinnamon extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Also, explore the antibacterial activity of FeNPs against A. baumannii.

Materials and Methods:

The Iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) are synthesized by what is called (green synthesis) the easiest and nontoxic method, as microorganisms or plant extracts are used. We discuss how to synthesize FeNPs using plant extracts, where cinnamon powder was used and prepared as a plant extract to obtain FeNPs by adding 5 mL of the extract to 100 mL of aqueous iron nitrate and conducting tests for these nanoparticles, which include (UV, SEM, XRD, and FTIR). As well as studying the effect of iron nanoparticles as an antibiotic on many strains of A. baumannii with multidrug resistance using different concentrations as follows (0.1 M, 0.01 M, 0.001 M, and 0.0001 M).

Results:

This study showed that UV recorded approximately 360 nm, and SEM images exhibited spherical shape FeNPs nanostructures with an average size of 12.44 nm. The maximum inhibition diameter FeNPs against A. baumannii isolates was recorded at 33 mm in diameter.

Conclusion:

The preparation of FeNPs with cinnamon extract is a quick, nontoxic giving significant antibacterial effect on A. baumannii isolates.
The Prevalence of Anosmia and Dysgeusia in Relation to Sex, Age, and Smoking during COVID-19 Second Wave: A Retrospective Analysis of a Sample of Patients in Hilla City
Authors: Ali Maytham Riad , Al-Saadi Malath Azeez
Published: December 2024

Background:

Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction are among the significant symptoms of COVID-19 infection that show diversity in prevalence and recovery with a great impact on patients’ life.

Objectives:

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of age, sex, and smoking on the prevalence and recovery of dysgeusia (abnormal taste) and anosmia (loss of smell) in COVID-19-infected patients.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective single-institution study involved 194 records of COVID-19 patients of both genders evaluated according to study objectives, encompassing pertinent data such as age, gender, smoking habits, incidence of anosmia or hyposmia, changes in flavor, initiation and duration of the infection, and alterations in smell and taste. Medications utilized for treatment purposes were either acquired through direct telephone communication with patients or indirectly from patients’ records.

Results:

A total of 194 patients were included, and the majority of them were women. Patients age had significant differences, with a mean age of 28 years. Infection duration was about 1 week for majority of patients, and the degree of COVID-19 infection was mild. Patients were significantly P ≤ 0.05 had dysgeusia, anosmia, or both of them. Smoking was found to be significantly correlated with dysgeusia.

Conclusion:

Dysgeusia and anosmia are initial indications of mild COVID-19 infection that resolve on their own during the second phase of the virus’s spread. Young female patients were identified as having a higher propensity to develop dysgeusia, anosmia, or both. Smokers had lower incidence of dysgeusia.
Study the Effect of Exogenous Iodine on the Thyroid Transcription Factors during Pregnancy in Rat Model
Authors: Hussein Ghina Hamoodi , Muhssa Ehab R. , Shakir Alaa T.
Published: December 2024

Background:

This study was designed to evaluate whether a mother’s iodide supplement would be correlated with embryonic thyroid gland development.

Objective:

Thyroid transcription factors were be measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique in all studied samples.

Materials and Methods:

The study included three groups as follows: group 1: involved 20 adult female rats, and the animals in this group were administered distilled water and they served as control, group 2: involved 15 adult female rats, and the animals in this group were treated with a low dose of iodine (0.06 mg), and group 3: involved 15 adult female rats, and the animals in this group were treated with a medium dose of iodine (0.18 mg). After 18 days of pregnancy. The animals were sacrificed and the serum was collected to determine rat paired box protein (PAX8), rat Forkhead box protein E1 (FOXE1), rat Homeobox protein (Nkx-2.1) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay assay for the mother whereas the thyroid factors data were analyzed using SPSS (version 15.0). Statistical tests were conducted using SPSS version 26. The descriptive analysis (Mean ± S.E) and the significance were done using Duncan at P ≤ 0.01 (the significance level was 0.01 and the P-value was 0.05), respectively. P-value and significance level were (0.05) and (0.01), respectively.

Results:

Results reported the highest value in FOX1, NK2.1, and PAX8 concentration was in 1.8 gm followed by a concentration of 0.06 gm, whereas the lowest value recorded in control group was 224.49a ± 7.61 with significant differences at (P ≤ 0.05) between the studied groups in both mother and embryo, however.

Conclusions:

Depending on the obtained results, the current study found the thyroid transcription factors were involved directly with excess iodine taken.
Relationship between Supportive Services of Parents with Children Disabilities
Authors: Al-Kafajy Noor Al-Huda Satar S. K. , Al-Dorie Nuhad Mohammad
Published: December 2024

Background:

Disabilities refer to the existence of a fundamental difference from the average or the normal, and specifically. The estimates of disabled persons vary from one society to another, according to the conditions of society and its social, economic, and health conditions.

Objectives:

The study aimed to assess the social supportive services for children with special needs and to find out the relationship between services support for parents of children with disabilities.

Materials and Methods:

From December 2021 to March 2023, Babylon Health Directorate, Al Hillah city conducted a descriptive cross-sectional design study. Non-probability purposive sampling conducted in rehabilitation centers consists of 200 parents. Data were gathered using an interviewing approach, which took between 25 and 30 min to complete. A committee of 17 professionals verified the questionnaire. To assess the instrument’s dependability, a pilot study was carried out employing statistical and descriptive data analysis techniques, and the data were examined by SPSS version 20.

Results:

The results of the present study show the overall quality of life for parents with children special. The results of the present study showed poor responses related to supportive services of parents with children, and also the relationship results show that there is a significant relationship between supportive services with some demographical characteristics at P-value < 0.05.

Conclusions:

This study found the children with special needs received poor overall supportive services in the areas of physiotherapy, occupational therapy, social work, psychology, and technology. There was a correlation between supportive services for parents with children disabilities ratings and all underlying health factors for kids with exceptional needs.
The Correlation between Oral Candida albicans and Interlukine-23 in Diabetic Patients in Hilla City, Iraq
Authors: Al-Harba Huda Reyad , Nasir-Alla Nebrass , Jabir Azher Abdulhafidh
Published: December 2024

Background:

Candidiasis is the most common opportunistic fungal infection in the oral cavity. Because of immunosuppression and other physiological changes, diabetes makes people more susceptible to Candida infections. Candida infections have become more frequent through the years. Interleukins are a significant class of cytokines that control immunological processes and are produced by immunocompetent cells.

Objective:

Identification and molecular detection of Candida albicans and determination of interlukine-23 (IL-23) concentration and studying the correlation between oral C. albicans and IL-23 in diabetic patients.

Materials and Methods:

100 study samples (60 patients; 40 control), 43 were male patients and 57 were female patients, the age ranging from 20 to 70 year. The oral swabs of all samples were identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), blood samples were obtained from all patients and control in order to determine hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and IL-23. IL-23 level was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results:

The current study revealed a higher prevalence of oral C. albicans colonization in diabetic patients than in control and found increase of significant differences in age >60 in the sample study between diabetic patients and control with oral C. albicans. An increase in the serum level of IL-23 was found among diabetic patients with oral C. albicans when compared with healthy controls. There is negative correlation between IL-23 and HbA1c in diabetic patients.

Conclusion:

Oral C. albicans were more prevalent in diabetic patients in comparison with healthy subjects, identified by specific primer by real-time PCR, along with a significant increase in IL-23 concentration between patients and controls with oral C. albicans was noted. Oral C. albicans were more prevalent in diabetic patients in comparison with healthy subjects, identified by specific primer by real-time PCR.
The Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Kinesin-4A Protein, β-Tubulin Protein, and Exosomes as Non-Invasive Biomarkers in Iraqi Women with Breast Cancer
Authors: Shammar Samar Hasan , Behayaa Hiba Resheed , Al-Baaj Ahmed F. F. , Ewadh Mohammed M. , Zaid Sura Abd , Ewadh Muna M. , Ewadh Mufeed Jalil
Published: December 2024

Background:

Breast cancer (BC) is a disease in which cells in the breast grow out of control. There are different kinds of BC. The kind of BC depends on which cells in the breast turn into cancer. BC can begin in different parts of the breast.

Objectives:

The current study aimed to investigate using Kinesin-4A (KIF4A) protein as a Diagnostic and Prognostic biomarker in Iraqi Women with Breast Cancer.

Materials and Methods:

This study involved 70 Iraqi women with (BC), who had BC diagnosed for the first time. The study also included a control group (CG) of 70 participants. The period the study extended from February 2021 to October 2022. The research was carried out in Iraq, at the Department of Biochemistry in the College of Medicine at the University of Babylon, as well as at The Oncology Center at Marjan Teaching Hospital in Hilla City, Iraq. Determination of kinesin-4A, β-tubulin, and exosomes was done by a fully automated Elisys Uno Analyzer before and after mastectomy. Various circulating biomarkers and tumor markers were investigated including liver function test.

Results:

First-time diagnosis show that kinesin-4A and β-tubulin were found to be increased in women with BC (P < 0.01), whereas the levels of exosomes were extremely high in BC women compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Two weeks after the mastectomy, the results of kinesin-4A, β-tubulin, and exosomes dropped dramatically near normal levels.

Conclusion:

These results suggest that different types of BC can alter several aspects of host immunity causing increased production of specific immune products. And these products can use as diagnostic and prognostic markers to reduce invasive procedures such as surgeries or radiation exposure.
Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Could Affect NLRP3 Inflammasome Level
Authors: Al-Shawk Refif Sabih , Ashoor Zainab Fadhel , Bakir Wasan Abdul-elah , Ahmed Intisar Manfi
Published: December 2024

Background:

Inflammasome complex such as nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor family protein 3 (NLRP3) acts as a trigger initiating inflammatory responses and could lead to endothelial dysfunction in diabetic patients and glycemic control could affect the mitochondrial stress through NLRP3 inflammasome level.

Objectives:

This study was conducted to ensure that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) glycemic control could affect mitochondrial stress through NLRP3 inflammasome level leading to an aberrant immune response.

Materials and Methods:

A case–control study was conducted on 90 Iraqi subjects, 60 of them were T2DM who were subgrouped into 30 patients with good glycemic control (HbA1c ≤ 7%) and the second group with 30 patients with poor (bad) glycemic control (HbA1c > 7%). Also, 30 healthy control subjects were enrolled in this study. HbA1c, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and serum levels of NLRP3 and interferon (IFN)-γ were quantitatively determined by means of a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test.

Results:

Results of this study showed a significant increase in serum levels of NLRP3 and IFN-γ in the poor glycemic control group of patients as compared to control subjects (P ≤ 0.05), while this difference was not significant when comparing the good glycemic control group of patients with control subjects. There is a significant positive correlation of serum NLRP3 with only IFN-γ (P ≤ 0.05) in both good and poor glycemic control and healthy controls.

Conclusion:

An increased level of NLRP3 was observed in poor glycemic control T2DM and correlated with IFN-γ, suggesting hyperglycemia’s effect on this inflammasome pathway that could be associated with aberrant cytokine induction, a key inducer of diabetic complications.
Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity Among Medical Students at the University of Mosul
Authors: Yassen Zaid Muayad , Al-Dewachi Anmar B.
Published: December 2024

Background:

Overweight and obesity are important reasons for mortality worldwide, Medical students are further susceptible to obesity due to their daily life with fewer hours of physical activity and disorderly food consumption habits.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among medical students at the University of Mosul and to describe related dietary habits and physical activities.

Materials and Methods:

This study was conducted in the College of Medicine University of Mosul. A cross-sectional study design was selected. Messages were sent to 2179 students, and 1520 students agreed to participate with a response rate of 69.76%. A specially designed questionnaire form was filled out by each participant after a brief explanation of the study objectives. Anthropometric were measured including body weight and height. Body mass index was calculated as an indicator of overweight and obesity.

Results:

This study showed that more than three-quarters of the study population (79.54%) were between 18 and 24 years of age. Overweight and grade I obesity was observed among 21.05% and 4.48% of medical students, respectively. The study showed that overweight and grade I obesity were more prevalent in males than in females (27.66% and 7.09% in males compared to 17.15% and 2.93% in females, respectively) and this difference was found to be statistically highly significant. This study showed that approximately 78% of medical students stated that they practice exercise regularly.

Conclusion:

Obesity and overweight are more prevalent among male medical students than females.