bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uniform intensity chiral optical field by multifocal synthesis
Authors: Wang Dingyi , Li Yan , Liu Rui , Sun Libin , Deng Duo , Liu Yi
Published: June 2024

Chiral optical beams that carry orbital angular momentum (OAM) have a broad range of applications such as optical tweezers, chiral microstructure fabrication, and optical communications. However, some chiral optical beams have inhomogeneous intensity distribution that limits the application in these fields. In this Letter, two different types of chiral optical fields with uniform intensity and arbitrary length were proposed based on the amplitude encoding method and multifocal synthesis. The intensity distribution of the chiral optical fields is determined by the distance between the focal points that can greatly extend the modulation length of the chiral optical field. Moreover, since each focal point contains modulable amplitude and phase, an arbitrary interception of the optical field can be realized by selectively retaining a part of the focal points. By partitioning the chiral optical field and assigning different topological charges, the OAM space-division multiplexing and independent tunability of the topological charges can be realized. In addition, the composite multi-petal vortex array formed by combining two different chiral optical fields can greatly enhance the information capacity of the optical communications and may have potential applications in fields such as particle manipulation.
Open-source toolbox for photographic characterization of optical propagation
Authors: Sørensen Simon R. , Ulsig Emil Z. , Philip Frederik E. , Sørensen Frederik R. B. , Madsen Magnus L. , Gardner Asger B. , Tønning Peter , Thomsen Simon T. , Gravesen Kevin B. , Stanton Eric J. , Volet Nicolas
Published: June 2024

An alternative method for characterizing optical propagation in waveguide structures based on scattered light imaging is presented and demonstrated for the spectral range of 450–980 nm. Propagation losses as low as 1.40 dB/cm are demonstrated in alumina spiral waveguides. AlGaAs-on-insulator waveguides are measured using a tunable laser and compared to cut-back measurements. On AlGaAs, a one-sigma uncertainty of 1.40 and 2.23 dB/cm for TE and TM polarizations is obtained for repetitions of measurements conducted on the same waveguide, highlighting the approach’s reproducibility. An open-source toolbox is introduced, allowing for reliable processing of data and estimation of optical propagation losses.
External validation of a paediatric Smart triage model for use in resource limited facilities
Authors: Kigo Joyce , Kamau Stephen , Mawji Alishah , Mwaniki Paul , Dunsmuir Dustin , Pillay Yashodani , Zhang Cherri , Pallot Katija , Ogero Morris , Kimutai David , Ouma Mary , Mohamed Ismael , Chege Mary , Thuranira Lydia , Kissoon Niranjan , Ansermino J. Mark , Akech Samuel
Published: June 2024

Models for digital triage of sick children at emergency departments of hospitals in resource poor settings have been developed. However, prior to their adoption, external validation should be performed to ensure their generalizability. We externally validated a previously published nine-predictor paediatric triage model (Smart Triage) developed in Uganda using data from two hospitals in Kenya. Both discrimination and calibration were assessed, and recalibration was performed by optimizing the intercept for classifying patients into emergency, priority, or non-urgent categories based on low-risk and high-risk thresholds. A total of 2539 patients were eligible at Hospital 1 and 2464 at Hospital 2, and 5003 for both hospitals combined; admission rates were 8.9%, 4.5%, and 6.8%, respectively. The model showed good discrimination, with area under the receiver-operator curve (AUC) of 0.826, 0.784 and 0.821, respectively. The pre-calibrated model at a low-risk threshold of 8% achieved a sensitivity of 93% (95% confidence interval, (CI):89%-96%), 81% (CI:74%-88%), and 89% (CI:85%–92%), respectively, and at a high-risk threshold of 40%, the model achieved a specificity of 86% (CI:84%–87%), 96% (CI:95%-97%), and 91% (CI:90%-92%), respectively. Recalibration improved the graphical fit, but new risk thresholds were required to optimize sensitivity and specificity.The Smart Triage model showed good discrimination on external validation but required recalibration to improve the graphical fit of the calibration plot. There was no change in the order of prioritization of patients following recalibration in the respective triage categories. Recalibration required new site-specific risk thresholds that may not be needed if prioritization based on rank is all that is required. The Smart Triage model shows promise for wider application for use in triage for sick children in different settings.
Magnitude and clinical characteristics of cerebral palsy among children in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Abate Biruk Beletew , Tegegne Kindie Mekuria , Zemariam Alemu Birara , Wondmagegn Alamaw Addis , Kassa Mulat Awoke , Kitaw Tegene Atamenta , Abebe Gebremeskel Kibret , Azmeraw Bizuayehu Molla
Published: June 2024

Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common motor disability in childhood which causes a child’s behavioral, feeding, and sleep difficulties. It remains a poorly studied health problem in Africa. The main aim of this study was assessing the pooled prevalence of Cerebral Palsy (CP) and its clinical characteristics in Africa context. Systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines to search articles from electronic databases (Cochrane library, Ovid platform) (Medline, Embase, and Emcare), Google Scholar, CINAHL, PubMed, Maternity and Infant Care Database (MIDIRS). The last search date was on 12/05/ 2023 G. C. A weighted inverse variance random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled estimates of cerebral palsy and its types. The subgroup analysis, publication bias and sensitivity analysis were done. Studies on prevalence and clinical characteristics of cerebral palsy were included. The primary and secondary outcomes were prevalence and clinical characteristics of cerebral palsy respectively. A total of 15 articles with (n = 498406 patients) were included for the final analysis. The pooled prevalence of cerebral palsy in Africa was found to be 3·34 (2·70, 3·98). The most common type is spastic cerebral palsy accounting 69·30% (66·76, 71·83) of all cases. The second one is quadriplegic cerebral palsy which was found to be 41·49% (33·16, 49·81). Ataxic cerebral palsy accounted 5·36% (3·22, 7·50). On the other hand, dyskinetic cerebral palsy was found to be 10.88% (6·26, 15·49). About 32·10% (19·25, 44.95) of cases were bilateral while 25·17% (16·84, 33·50) were unilateral. The incidence of cerebral palsy in Africa surpasses the reported rates in developed nations. Spastic and quadriplegic subtypes emerge as the most frequently observed. It is recommended to channel initiatives toward the strategic focus on preventive measures, early detection strategies, and comprehensive management protocols.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of compassion fatigue among healthcare professionals before and during COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Kabunga Amir , Kigongo Eustes , Tumwesigye Raymond , Udho Samson , Musinguzi Marvin , Acup Walter , Auma Anna Grace , Akello Anne Ruth , Okalo Ponsiano , Nabaziwa Jannat , Shikanga Enos Mwirotsi
Published: June 2024

Compassion fatigue is a significant concern globally, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, where the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated existing challenges, placing unprecedented strain on healthcare professionals. This study systematically estimated the prevalence of compassion fatigue among healthcare professionals before and during COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa. A systematic review was conducted using keywords in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and grey literature, covering all literature published between 2012 and December 30, 2023. The search team independently conducted study selection, quality assessments, data extractions, and analysis of all included studies. The systematic review, reported following PRISMA guidelines, included 11 studies. The results show that the pooled overall prevalence of compassion fatigue in Sub-Saharan Africa was 70% (95% CI: 57–82, I2 = 88.37%). The highest prevalence was found in Eastern Africa at 74% (95% CI: 55–93, I2 = 94.40%), compared to 64% in Southern Africa (95% CI: 49–79, I2 = 59.01%). Nurses reported the highest rates of compassion fatigue at 80% (95% CI: 57–100, I2 = 34.77%), followed by general healthcare professionals at 59% (95% CI: 22–97, I2 = 94.11%) and nursing students at 50% (95% CI: 35–64, I2 = 0.00%). Before COVID-19, the overall prevalence of compassion fatigue was 66% (95% CI: 41–91, I2 = 27%). During COVID-19, this increased to 74% (95% CI: 63–85, I2 = 88.73%). Our results indicate that nearly 3 in 4 healthcare professionals in Sub-Saharan Africa experience compassion fatigue, and this prevalence increased due to the pandemic. The high prevalence underscores the importance of addressing and mitigating compassion fatigue to support the mental health and emotional well-being of healthcare professionals dedicated to helping others in challenging circumstances.

Systematic registration: PROSPERO. REG No: CRD42023449462.
Neglected etiologies of prolonged febrile illnesses in tropical and subtropical regions: A systematic review
Authors: Musumeci Stefano , Kruse Alexandra , Chappuis François , Ostergaard Jensen Tomas , Alcoba Gabriel
Published: June 2024

Background

Febrile illnesses that persist despite initial treatment are common clinical challenges in (sub)tropical low-resource settings. Our aim is to review infectious etiologies of “prolonged fevers” (persistent febrile illnesses, PFI) and to quantify relative contributions of selected neglected target diseases with limited diagnostic options, often overlooked, causing inadequate antibiotic prescriptions, or requiring prolonged and potentially toxic treatments.

Methods

We performed a systematic review of articles addressing the infectious etiologies of PFI in adults and children in sub-/tropical low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) using the PRISMA guidelines. A list of target diseases, including neglected parasites and zoonotic bacteria (e.g., Leishmania and Brucella), were identified by infectious diseases and tropical medicine specialists and prioritized in the search. Malaria and tuberculosis (TB) were not included as target diseases due to well-established epidemiology and diagnostic options. Four co-investigators independently extracted data from the identified articles while assessing for risk of bias.

Results

196 articles from 52 countries were included, 117 from Africa (33 countries), 71 from Asia (16 countries), and 8 from Central and -South America (3 countries). Target diseases were reported as the cause of PFI in almost half of the articles, most frequently rickettsioses (including scrub typhus), relapsing fever borreliosis (RF-borreliosis), brucellosis, enteric fever, leptospirosis, Q fever and leishmaniasis. Among those, RF-borreliosis was by far the most frequently reported disease in Africa, particularly in Eastern Africa. Rickettsioses (including scrub typhus) were often described in both Africa and Asia. Leishmaniasis, toxoplasmosis and amoebiasis were the most frequent parasitic etiologies. Non-target diseases and non-tropical organisms (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and non-typhoidal Salmonella spp) were documented in a fifth of articles.

Conclusions

Clinicians faced with PFI in sub-/tropical LMICs should consider a wide differential diagnosis including enteric fever and zoonotic bacterial diseases (e.g., rickettsiosis, RF-borreliosis and brucellosis), or parasite infections (e.g., leishmaniasis) depending on geography and syndromes. In the absence of adequate diagnostic capacity, a trial of antibiotics targeting relevant intra-cellular bacteria, such as doxycycline or azithromycin, may be considered.
Diagnostic accuracy of the aortic dissection detection risk score alone or with D-dimer for acute aortic syndromes: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ren Sa , Essat Munira , Pandor Abdullah , Goodacre Steve , Ren Shijie , Clowes Mark , Bima Paolo , Toyofuku Mamoru , McLatchie Rachel , Bossone Eduardo
Published: June 2024

Objectives

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the aortic dissection detection risk score (ADD-RS) used alone or in combination with D-dimer for detecting acute aortic syndrome (AAS) in patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of AAS.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from inception to February 2024. Additionally, the reference lists of included studies and other systematic reviews were thoroughly searched. All diagnostic accuracy studies that assessed the use of ADD-RS alone or with D-Dimer for diagnosing AAS compared with a reference standard test (e.g. computer tomographic angiography (CTA), ECG-gated CTA, echocardiography, magnetic resonance angiography, operation, or autopsy) were included. Two reviewers independently selected and extracted data. Risk of bias was appraised using QUADAS-2 tool. Data were synthesised using hierarchical meta-analysis models.

Results

We selected 13 studies from the 2017 citations identified, including six studies evaluating combinations of ADD-RS alongside D-dimer>500ng/L. Summary sensitivities and specificities (95% credible interval) were: ADD-RS>0 94.6% (90%, 97.5%) and 34.7% (20.7%, 51.2%), ADD-RS>1 43.4% (31.2%, 57.1%) and 89.3% (80.4%, 94.8%); ADD RS>0 or D-Dimer>500ng/L 99.8% (98.7%, 100%) and 21.8% (12.1%, 32.6%); ADD RS>1 or D-Dimer>500ng/L 98.3% (94.9%, 99.5%) and 51.4% (38.7%, 64.1%); ADD RS>1 or ADD RS = 1 with D-dimer>500ng/L 93.1% (87.1%, 96.3%) and 67.1% (54.4%, 77.7%).

Conclusions

Combinations of ADD-RS and D-dimer can be used to select patients with suspected AAS for imaging with a range of trade-offs between sensitivity (93.1% to 99.8%) and specificity (21.8% to 67.1%).
Computation of soliton structure and analysis of chaotic behaviour in quantum deformed Sinh-Gordon model
Authors: Jhangeer Adil , Ibraheem Farheen , Jamal Tahira , Riaz Muhammad Bilal , Abdel Kader Atef
Published: June 2024

Soliton dynamics and nonlinear phenomena in quantum deformation has been investigated through conformal time differential generalized form of q deformed Sinh-Gordon equation. The underlying equation has recently undergone substantial amount of research. In Phase 1, we employed modified auxiliary and new direct extended algebraic methods. Trigonometric, hyperbolic, exponential and rational solutions are successfully extracted using these techniques, coupled with the best possible constraint requirements implemented on parameters to ensure the existence of solutions. The findings, then, are represented by 2D, 3D and contour plots to highlight the various solitons’ propagation patterns such as kink-bright, bright, dark, bright-dark, kink, and kink-peakon solitons and solitary wave solutions. It is worth emphasizing that kink dark, dark peakon, dark and dark bright solitons have not been found earlier in literature. In phase 2, the underlying model is examined under various chaos detecting tools for example lyapunov exponents, multistability and time series analysis and bifurcation diagram. Chaotic behavior is investigated using various initial condition and novel results are obtained.
Histone demethylase JMJD2D protects against enteric bacterial infection via up-regulating colonic IL-17F to induce β-defensin expression
Authors: Zhang Yong , Li Bei , Hong Yilin , Luo Ping , Hong Zaifa , Xia Xiaochun , Mo Pingli , Yu Chundong , Chen Wenbo
Published: June 2024

Histone demethylase JMJD2D (also known as KDM4D) can specifically demethylate H3K9me2/3 to activate its target gene expression. Our previous study has demonstrated that JMJD2D can protect intestine from dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis by activating Hedgehog signaling; however, its involvement in host defense against enteric attaching and effacing bacterial infection remains unclear. The present study was aimed to investigate the role of JMJD2D in host defense against enteric bacteria and its underlying mechanisms. The enteric pathogen Citrobacter rodentium (C. rodentium) model was used to mimic clinical colonic infection. The responses of wild-type and JMJD2D-/- mice to oral infection of C. rodentium were investigated. Bone marrow chimeric mice were infected with C. rodentium. JMJD2D expression was knocked down in CMT93 cells by using small hairpin RNAs, and Western blot and real-time PCR assays were performed in these cells. The relationship between JMJD2D and STAT3 was studied by co-immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation. JMJD2D was significantly up-regulated in colonic epithelial cells of mice in response to Citrobacter rodentium infection. JMJD2D-/- mice displayed an impaired clearance of C. rodentium, more body weight loss, and more severe colonic tissue pathology compared with wild-type mice. JMJD2D-/- mice exhibited an impaired expression of IL-17F in the colonic epithelial cells, which restricts C. rodentium infection by inducing the expression of antimicrobial peptides. Accordingly, JMJD2D-/- mice showed a decreased expression of β-defensin-1, β-defensin-3, and β-defensin-4 in the colonic epithelial cells. Mechanistically, JMJD2D activated STAT3 signaling by inducing STAT3 phosphorylation and cooperated with STAT3 to induce IL-17F expression by interacting with STAT3 and been recruited to the IL-17F promoter to demethylate H3K9me3. Our study demonstrates that JMJD2D contributes to host defense against enteric bacteria through up-regulating IL-17F to induce β-defensin expression.
Primary Mediastinal Large B-Cell Lymphoma Presenting as Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Krawczyk Karolina , Kwak Angelika , Kujalowicz Christopher , Truszkowska Karolina , Biank Vincent , Kamberos Natalie
Published: June 2024

Pancreatitis is an inflammatory pancreatic disease; common etiologies include infection, anatomic abnormalities, biliary, inborn errors of metabolism, trauma, and rarely malignancy. Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma commonly presents in younger women with principally mediastinal involvement. We report the first documented case of a pediatric patient presenting with acute pancreatitis secondary to metastatic primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma. Since diagnosis, the patient underwent a combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy treatments, and the tumor burden had decreased significantly. Malignancy is a rare documented presentation of acute pancreatitis in the pediatric population, and it should be included in a broad differential diagnosis.
Spontaneous Subdiaphragmatic Hemorrhage From an Aneurysm of Inferior Phrenic Artery
Authors: Pulivarthi Venkata Siva Krishna Kumar , Katamreddy Yamini , Vulasala Sai Swarupa , Onteddu Jayabharath , Mandyam Saikiran , Onteddu Nirmal
Published: June 2024

Inferior phrenic artery (IPA) aneurysms are the rarest type of visceral aneurysms. It usually occurs secondary to trauma, surgery, or as a complication of pancreatitis. In addition, it can be a manifestation of underlying systemic pathology such as vasculitis, collagen vascular disorders, sepsis, or segmental arterial mediolysis. It can be associated with hypertension in 43% of cases. The presentation of IPA aneurysm is nonspecific with abdominal pain, melena, hematochezia, and anemia. The ruptured and actively bleeding aneurysm can lead to hemorrhagic shock, and immediate management is required with angiography and endovascular embolization with coil or gel foam or stent etc. Inaccessible locations are reached with surgical intervention, but it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. We here report a rare case of spontaneously ruptured IPA pseudoaneurysm extending from the posterior mediastinum to the subdiaphragmatic area and managed with coil and gel foam embolization.
The Effect of E-Commerce on Gross Regional Domestic Product and Clustering of Its Characteristics by Utilizing Official Statistics and Big Data
Authors: Pramesthy Widhelia Echa , Dini Putri Muthi’ah , Budiman Muhammad Amirul , Esharja Zul Ahmad , Kartiasih Fitri
Published: June 2024

The objective of this study is to examine the impact of e-commerce on Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) and categorize GRDP according to e-commerce features in 17 provinces throughout Java, Sumatra, and Bali. The Human Development Index (HDI), which measures people's proficiency with technology—among which is e-commerce—is greatest on these three islands. This study makes use of big data in the form of Google Trends data as well as official statistics data obtained from the BPS-Statistics Indonesia. K-means clustering and regression analysis are the research methods employed. The study's findings demonstrate that the three islands' GDP growth rates are considerably accelerated by e-commerce companies. There were two ideal clusters identified: the low and high GRDP clusters. All of the provinces on the island of Java are included in the high cluster, with the exception of Central Java, which is distinguished by high transaction values and e-commerce-related keyword searches. Provinces in the low cluster are located on the Indonesian islands of Sumatra and Bali, and they are distinguished by the usage of Cash on Delivery (COD) and a limited number of employees in e-commerce businesses.
The Effect of MDMA-Induced Anxiety on Neuronal Apoptosis in Adult Male Rats' Hippocampus
Authors: Karimi S. , Jahanshahi Mehrdad , Golalipour M. J.
Published: June 2024

Ecstasy or MDMA as a psychoactive drug and hallucinogen is considered one of the most commonly used drugs in the world. This psychotropic substance is discussed both as sexually stimulating and reducing fear and anxiety. Amphetamines also destroy neurons in some brain areas. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of MDMA on anxiety and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons. Fortytwo male Wistar rats of mean weight 200–220 g were used and distributed into six groups [control, control- saline, and experimental groups (1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg)]. Rats in experimental groups received MDMA at different doses for seven days by intraperitoneal injection and the control-saline group received saline (1 ml/kg); anxiety was then investigated by plus-maze test. Forty-eight hours after behavioural testing brains were taken from animals and fixed, and after tissue processing, slices were stained with TUNEL kit for apoptotic cells. The area densities of apoptotic neurons were measured throughout the hippocampus and compared in all groups (P < 0.05). Physiological studies showed that 1.25 mg/kg and 2.5 mg/kg doses caused anti-anxiety behaviour and 5 and 10 mg/kg doses of MDMA caused anxietylike behaviour. Moreover, our histological study showed that ecstasy increased apoptotic cell numbers and the highest increase was observed with the 10 mg/kg dose of MDMA. We concluded that MDMA can cause different responses of anxiety-like behaviour in different doses. This phenomenon causes a different ratio of apoptosis in hippocampal formation. Reduction of anxiety-like behaviour induced by the 2.5 mg/kg dose of MDMA can control apoptosis.
Complementarity between Microarray and Immunoblot for the Comparative Evaluation of IgE Repertoire of French and Italian Cypress Pollen Allergic Patients
Authors: Shahali Y. , Nicaise P. , Brázdová A. , Charpin D. , Scala E. , Mari A. , Sutra J. P. , Chollet-Martin S. , Sēnēchal H. , Poncet Pascal
Published: June 2024

Cypress pollen represents the primary cause of respiratory allergies in Mediterranean areas. Patients allergic to Cupressus sempervirens pollen (Cups) (CPA) can be discriminated on the basis of the immunoglobulin E (IgE) binding to a basic 14 kDa protein (BP14) or to high-molecular-weight (HMW) glycoproteins only. Specific IgE repertoires of two differentially exposed CPA cohorts, French and Italian, were investigated using an IgE microarray system (some known major allergens from several allergenic sources) and individual IgE immunoblotting (IB) of whole Cups pollen extract separated by SDS-PAGE (all allergens from one allergenic source: cypress pollen). The prevalence of sensitization to BP14 was higher in French (37 %) than in Italian patients (17 %) and major differences were observed in IgE reactivities to lipid transfer proteins (LTPs). Thirty percent of the Italian CPA (4 % in the French group) had specific IgE against the Parietaria pollen LTP, independently of IB subgroups. Regarding peach LTP sensitization, all Pru p 3+ Italian CPA (10 %) were in the HMW+ subgroup, while Pru p 3+ French CPA (20 %) were all included in the BP14+ subgroup. BP14 sensitization is likely a marker of Cups exposure and is, in French CPA, significantly correlated to Pru p 3 sensitization. The IgE immunoblot and microarray are complementary tools that highlight differences in the subtle sensitization profile between groups of patients in comparative studies.
A DNA barcode inventory of the genus Ulva (Chlorophyta) along two Italian regions: updates and considerations
Authors: Armeli Minicante Simona , Melton James T. , Spagnuolo Damiano , Manghisi Antonio , Genovese Giuseppa , Morabito Marina , Lopez-Bautista Juan
Published: June 2024

The genus Ulva Linnaeus 1753 is well known for its global distribution and containing many taxonomically debated species. Their morphological plasticity and cryptic nature overrepresent and underrepresent, respectively, the biodiversity of these species. The difficulty in morphologically identifying Ulva species has led to the accumulation of many species names that are currently considered synonyms. The correct identification of these species is crucial due to their significant role in marine ecosystems and mariculture. In the last 30 years, several checklists and taxonomic contributions have been made from the Italian coast on Ulva species, almost entirely based on morphological studies and only a few papers with molecular data have been published. In this study, samples deposited at the Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR) and Phycological Lab (PHL) herbaria have been reviewed by sequencing the chloroplast-encoded elongation factor Tu (tufA) barcode marker. The results obtained provide an update of the DNA barcode inventory of Ulva species for the Lagoon of Venice and the Strait of Messina, two ecosystems characterized by a high algal biogeographical diversity and continuous introduction due to anthropogenic activities. Here, ten Ulva species were identified based on molecular data. Furthermore, we record the presence of Ulva chaugulei on the coast of Tunisia.
Diffusion law of sulfate ions in coral aggregate seawater concrete in the marine environment
Authors: Shi Hao , Wu Qing , Yin RongRong , Akbar Muhammad , Yang Ning , Mo Jianbing , Yang Jianming
Published: June 2024

To investigate the diffusion of sulfate ions in coral seawater concrete under the mechanism of the wetting–drying cycle of sulfate solution, the concentration of sulfate ions in coral concrete at different depths under different cycling cycles was tested in this experiment. Finite-element numerical simulations were then carried out using COMSOL software. The results showed that the sulfate ion concentration in the concrete at the same depth increased steadily with time, and the erosion depth also increased. The numerical simulations successfully reproduced the diffusion of sulfate ions in coral seawater concrete under the mechanism of the wetting–drying cycle of sulfate solutions.
Another hybrid conjugate gradient method as a convex combination of WYL and CD methods
Authors: Guefassa Imane , Chaib Yacine , Bechouat Tahar
Published: June 2024

Conjugate gradient (CG) methods are a popular class of iterative methods for solving linear systems of equations and nonlinear optimization problems.
In this paper, a new hybrid conjugate gradient (CG) method is presented and analyzed for solving unconstrained optimization problems, where the parameter

β
k

\beta_{k}

is a convex combination of

β
k
WYL

\beta_{k}^{\mathrm{WYL}}

and

β
k
CD

\beta_{k}^{\mathrm{CD}}

.
Under the strong Wolfe line search, the new method possesses the sufficient descent condition and the global convergence properties.
The preliminary numerical results show the efficiency of our method in comparison with other CG methods.
Furthermore, the proposed algorithm HWYLCD was extended to solve the problem of a mode function.
Meta-analysis of dietary Bacillus spp. on serum biochemical and antioxidant status and egg quality of laying hens
Authors: Ogbuewu Ifeanyichukwu Princewill , Mabelebele Monnye , Mbajiorgu Christian Anayo
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the current meta-analysis was to determine the efficacy of Bacillus spp. (BS) feed additive in enhancing serum biochemical indices (total protein and cholesterol) and antioxidant enzymes (total antioxidant capacity [TAC], catalase [CAT], superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GSH-Px], and malondialdehyde [MDA]) status and egg quality (Haugh unit [HU], eggshell thickness [EST], and eggshell strength [ESS]) of laying chickens. Seventeen articles were identified via a systematic search performed on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus, and results were combined using a variance component model. The results indicate that dietary BS supplementation resulted in higher HU (P < 0.001), EST (P < 0.001), and ESS (P < 0.001) values with evidence of heterogeneity. Furthermore, dietary BS increased total protein (P = 0.008) and GSH-Px (P < 0.001) and reduced the concentrations of CAT (P = 0.018), SOD (P = 0.039) and MDA (P < 0.001) in the serum of laying hens. In contrast, dietary BS did not affect serum cholesterol and TAC in laying chickens. Restricted subgroup analyses showed that the studied moderators (i.e., treatment duration, supplementation level, BS, hen’s age, and hen’s strains) influenced the outcomes of the meta-analysis. Additionally, meta-regression revealed that the studied moderators accounted for most of the sources of variations among the 17 studies utilised for the meta-analysis. In conclusion, dietary BS can be utilised as a nutritional strategy to improve egg quality, serum total proteins, and the serum antioxidant status of laying hens.
Identification and time evolution of thionyl chloride (SOCl2) radiolysis products
Authors: Conrad Jacy K. , Woods Michael E. , Horne Gregory P.
Published: June 2024

Innovative solutions are needed to reduce the amount of high-level waste generated by used nuclear fuel recycling strategies to support the widespread adoption of sustainable nuclear fission energy technologies. To this end, a new sulfur chloride-based process has been developed to recycle zirconium alloy-based materials, which make up a significant fraction of high-level radioactive waste. To support the continued development of this process, we present new data on the potential reaction pathways over time of the products arising from the gamma and electron beam radiolysis of neat thionyl chloride (SOCl2). Interrogation of the gamma irradiated liquid by Raman spectroscopy provided more conclusive identification of the SOCl2degradation products, specifically sulfur dichloride (SCl2), molecular chlorine (Cl2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and sulfuryl chloride (SO2Cl2). In comparison, the high dose rate (∼107 Gy s−1) electron beam irradiations formed significantly more degradation products. For both cobalt-60 gamma and electron beam irradiations, the observed degradation products were found to evolve as a function of time post-irradiation via the same reaction pathways, with indication of a solvent regeneration mechanism. These findings are fortuitous for process development, as such a mechanism would be beneficial for process longevity and cost effectiveness.
Klasik Türk Şiirinde Yarı Kurgusal Bir Menkabe: Hikâyet-i Ca’fer-i Tayyâr Oğulları
Authors: Uğur Fatih
Published: June 2024

Klasik Türk şiirinde menkabevi metinler ve bütünlüklü olarak menakıpnameler geniş yer tutar. Bir yönüyle tarihsel gerçekliğe işaret eden bu metinler, genellikle olağanüstülük motifleriyle süslenmiştir ve insanüstü özellikler gösteren kahramanların, velilerin, evliyaların yahut din ulularının öyküsünü anlatır. Milli Kütüphane Yazmalar Koleksiyonu’nda bulunan 06 Mil Yz A 3951/2 numarasıyla kayıtlı Hikâyet-i Ca’fer-i Tayyâr’ın Oğulları isimli eser de bu tür metinlerden biridir. 248 beyitten müteşekkil eser açık, sade bir dille ve mesnevi nazım şekliyle yazılmıştır; ancak son varaktaki bazı kısımlar tahrip olduğu için okunamamaktadır. XVI. yüzyıl Türkçesi özellikleri gösteren eserin müellifi, müstensihi ve yazım tarihi belli değildir. Bununla birlikte ilk 42 beyitten oluşan oldukça eksik bir nüshası XVI. yüzyıl şairlerinden Derviş İvaz’ın Dâsitân isimli eserinde bir bölüm olarak yer almaktadır. Eserde Hz. Peygamber’in amcasının oğlu ve sahabesi olan Cafer-i Tayyâr’ın oğulları İbrahim ve Muhammed’in Kerbela hadisesinden sonra Fırat nehri kıyısınca kaçmaları, bir kadının evine sığınmaları ve Yezid’in askeri tarafından öldürülmeleri anlatılmaktadır. Ancak onların öldürüldüğü sahnelerde görünen evrenin gerçeklerine aykırı eylemler gerçekleşmiştir. Metni yazma amacının okuyanı yahut dinleyeni ağlatmak olduğunu birçok beyitte vurgulayan müellif, çocukların başına gelen hadiseleri olağanüstülüklerle zenginleştirerek metni menkabeye yakın bir içerikle oluşturmuştur. Bu yazıda Hikâyet-i Ca’fer-i Tayyâr’ın Oğulları’nın yazı çevrimi ve tahlili yapılmış; tarihî gerçeklere ve menkabevi özelliklere işaret eden yönleri incelenmiştir.
Divan Şiirinde Orijinal Teşbih ve Hayaller: Emrî Örneği
Authors: Saraç Ahmet Emin
Published: June 2024

Bu makalede 16. asrın önde gelen şairlerinden Emrî dikkate alınarak divan şiirinde orijinal teşbih ve hayaller konusu değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bilindiği gibi klasik Türk edebiyatı, şiirin şekil ve muhtevası hakkında çok sıkı kaidelere sahiptir. Şairlerin bu kurallara uyarak eserlerini vermeleri beklenir. Şiirin konuları ve bunların ne şekilde ifade edilebileceği belirlendiği için bir şairin farklılık gösterebilmesi daha çok üslupta olabilmektedir. Bununla beraber bazı şairlerin alışılmış teşbih ve hayallerin dışına çıkarak şiirler söyledikleri görülmektedir. Makalede bu konuya bir miktar aydınlık getirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bunun için öncelikle klasik kaynakların şiirdeki orijinal teşbih ve hayallere dair görüşleri incelenmiştir. Bunun sonucunda pek çok kaynakta klasik edebiyatta orijinalliğin yerilen değil, övülen bir özellik olarak zikredildiği görülmüştür. Belagat kitapları bu konuyu ilmî bir şekilde incelemiş, şiire dair başka muhtelif kaynaklarda bu bahse yer yer atıf yapılmıştır. Ayrıca belli şairlerin orijinal sözler söylemeleri dolayısıyla methedikleri görülmektedir. Giriş mahiyetindeki bu bölümden sonra şuara tezkirelerinde orijinal sözler söylemesi üzerinde bilhassa durulan bir şahsiyet olan 16. asır şairi Emrî üzerinde durulmuştur. Şairin edebî şahsiyetinin tanıtıldığı bir bölümden sonra divanındaki sevgili tasvirine dair orijinal teşbih ve hayaller incelenmiştir. Pek çok örnek beyit getirerek yapılan bu inceleme sonunda onun, kaynaklarda bildirildiği gibi diğer şairlerde rastlanmayan pek çok mana ve hayale şiirinde yer verdiği görülmüştür.
Emergency in Transit Witnessing: Migration in the Colonial Present
Authors: Paynter Eleanor
Published: June 2024

Emergency in Transit responds to the crisis framings that dominate migration debates in the global north. Eleanor Paynter reformulates Europe’s so‑called migrant crisis from a sudden disaster to a site of contested witnessing, where competing narratives threaten, uphold, or reimagine migrant rights. Focusing on Italy, a crucial port of arrival, she draws together testimonials from ethnographic research alongside examples from film, media, literature, and visual art to interrogate the colonial, racial logics that inform emergency responses to migration well beyond international borders. Revealing how this emergency apparatus operates, and centering the experiences of Black Africans in Italy, Emergency in Transit posits a vision of mobility that refutes the notions of crisis so often imposed on those who cross the Mediterranean Sea.
Influence of Friction Stir Processing on the Hardness and Tribological Properties of Aluminium-Magnesium Alloys
Authors: Papanna Vinay , Basava Kumar K G
Published: June 2024

In this study, we have employed friction stir processing to strategically modify the microstructure of AA-Mg alloys, resulting in a direct enhancement of their mechanical properties. The experiments encompassed a range of tool speeds ranging from 800 to 1600 rpm and feed rates ranging from 20 to 80 mm/min. Employing a single-pass approach across all combinations, samples were extracted from the stir zone region to evaluate hardness and wear characteristics. The evaluation involved Vickers hardness tests to quantify hardness and pin-on-disc tests to examine the tribological attributes of the specimens. The worn-out surfaces of the specimens were examined using scanning electron microscope imagery. There is a substantial increase in hardness when compared with the base material, i.e., 78 HVN is up to 96 HVN for 20 mm/min at 1200 rpm, 98 HVN for 20 mm/min at 800 rpm, 106 HVN for 60 mm/min at 1600 rpm and 96 HVN for 80 mm/min at 1600 rpm. Furthermore, the coefficient of friction increased from 0.341 for base materials to a maximum of 0.635, 0.667, 0.604, and 0.646 for the same combination of speed and feed rate, respectively. The maximum change in percentage is 26% in hardness and 49% in wear coefficient.
Nomogram for predicting 5-year metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease risk: retrospective cohort study
Authors: Gao Lei , Cui Wenxia , Mu Dinghuang , Li Shaoping , Li Nan , Zhou Weihong , Hu Yun
Published: June 2024

Objective

To create a nomogram-based model to estimate the Chinese population's 5-year risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).

Methods

We randomly divided 7582 participants into two groups in a 7:3 ratio: one group was assigned to work with the training set, which consisted of 5307 cases, and the other group was assigned to validate the model using 2275 cases. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator model was employed to ascertain the variables with the highest correlation among all potential variables. A logistic model was constructed by incorporating these selected variables, which were subsequently visualized using a nomogram. The discriminatory ability, calibration, and clinical utility of the model were assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results

During the 5-year follow-up, 1034 (13.64%) total participants were newly diagnosed with MASLD. Using eight variables (gender, body mass index, waist, hemoglobin, alanine aminotransferase, uric acid, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein), we built a 5-year MASLD risk prediction model. The nomogram showed an area under the ROC of 0.795 (95% CI: 0.779–0.811) in the training set and 0.785 (95% CI: 0.760–0.810) in the validation set. The calibration curves revealed a 5-year period of agreement between the observed and predicted MASLD risks. DCA curves illustrated the practicality of this nomogram over threshold probability profiles ranging from 5% to 50%.

Conclusion

We created and tested a nomogram to forecast the risk of MASLD prevalence over the next 5 years.
Didáctica de la argumentación en lenguaje: o formación del sujeto argumentativo
Authors: Calderón Dora Inés
Published: June 2024

Con el propósito de aportar elementos para la comprensión del campo de la pedagogía y la didáctica de la argumentación como un campo fundamental en la formación del sujeto discursivo, se presenta, de manera fenomenográfica, el resultado de una experiencia de investigación y de formación en la relación sujeto discursivo-formación argumentativa, en un trayecto de 20 años. Para este fin, se proponen tres grandes aspectos configuradores del sujeto argumentativo: 1) la formación en una aptitud y una actitud argumentativa, que exige una cierta technè; 2) la formación del pensamiento argumentativo; y 3) la necesidad de desarrollar prácticas discursivas argumentativas que producen géneros discursivos. Así, en una perspectiva pedagógica y didáctica, situamos problemas de la formación en argumentación y, con ello, elementos para la acción de profesores e investigadores en lenguaje y argumentación.
Potrait of Islam Culture and Arabic Literature in Italy
Authors: Syafina Hanna Izzah , Bahruddin Uril , Sutaman Sutaman
Published: June 2024

The arrival of Islam in Italy in the seventh century led to cultural acculturation and changes in several areas of life, such as literature, culture and language. The aims of this study are to: (1) Describe the process of the arrival of Islam in Italy; (2) Describe the influence of Islamic and Arabic culture in Italy. and (3) explaining the development of Arabic science and literature in Italy. This research is included in the descriptive qualitative research with a literature study approach and the data collection techniques used are reading techniques and note-taking techniques. The results of this study are: (1) The process of the arrival of Islam in Italy began when Caliph Othman bin Affan sent the prime minister Muawiyah bin Abi Sufyan to attack Sicily in 652 AD. (2) There are traces of Islamic culture in the architecture of the city in the form of narrow alleys that follows the ancient Arabic style of the city of Amalfi, and the assimilation of Italian words of Arabic origin is close to 300 words; And (3) in the development of scientific and literary journals, Muslim scientists have certainly produced various major works which later became references for Western scientists. Besides that, Arabic literature also entered and developed in Sicily which became a heaven for scholars such as al-Jabr wa Maalaka, Firdaus al-Hikmah, Al-Hawi. Apart from that, Arabic literature also entered and developed in Sicily, becoming a paradise for scholars, such as the story of Layla Majnun which was outlined in the book The Secretum by Petrarch and ST. Augustine.
Soren Kierkegaards Existentialism: A Study on the Way of Enjoying Life during Post Truth Era
Authors: Saputra Riki , Ritonga Mahyudin , Arrasyid Arrasyid
Published: June 2024

This study aims to explain the means of deriving enjoyment in life during the Post-Truth era by drawing upon the existentialist values of Soren Kierkegaard. A qualitative approach with a conceptual design was adopted using exploratory, interpretative, and analytical methods. The results showed that individuals were able to derive enjoyment from life during the Post-Truth Era by embracing the following Soren Kierkegaard's existentialism values. First, being oneself; living under the narrative of the heart and mind. Second, being moral; and adhering oneself to universal rules. Third, living a religious life; having a direct connection with God, and being critical of religion. The significance of Soren Kierkegaard's existentialism lies in its emphasis on individuality, freedom, and the search for authentic meaning in life. Kierkegaard's philosophy highlights the importance of subjectivity and individual responsibility in facing a life full of decisions. His concept of existential decision-making stresses conscious choices that reflect awareness and accountability. emphasizing the uniqueness of individuals and the pursuit of life's meaning. This philosophical perspective underscores the critical role of self-awareness, self-development, and personal responsibility in leading a meaningful life. Kierkegaard believes that humans must become authentic selves, which continue without stopping. This is a struggle that must be carried out at all times, so that humans can become the subjects of their lives. Becoming an authentic self is a task that must be held accountable, and individuals have the possibility to realize the enjoyment of life. In Kierkegaard's thought, life is natural and sometimes has a greater sense of significance than life that is not natural. The natural way of life for humans is the way of enjoying life described by Kierkegaard.
Młodopolski antymoralista w powieści Bez dogmatu Henryka Sienkiewicza
Authors:   Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Kranc Ilona
Published: June 2024

Young Poland’s antimoralist in Henry Sienkiewicz’s novel titled Bez dogmatu was dedicated to Leon Płoszowski, the main character of said work. It consists of three parts. The starting point is assessing the themes of literary works written by Sienkiewicz and setting Bez dogmatu midst his other creations, which are settled in Polish sensibleness. Nevertheless, it is not this study’s intention to recall and present biographical information. Next part has been devoted to characterising the demeanour of Płoszkowski in respect of his amorality. The point of ‘without-dogmatism’ was also raised, which other main characters of many Sienkiewicz’s works can also be distinguished by. Though this topic was quite limited in order not to obscure the main matter. Last segment was devoted to the literary criticism that precisely evaluated Sienkiewicz’s ‘without-dogmatism’, the depicted attitudes of the foremost critics of Płoszowski’s, as well as reckoning up the author with his own work.
Pokonać smoka i zdobyć Sixcalibur – obraz męskości w wybranych tekstach piosenek powermetalowych (na podstawie konwencji charakterystycznej dla podgatunku heroic fantasy)
Authors:   Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Skowron Kinga
Published: June 2024

The main aim of the article is to present the way of depicting the theme of masculinity and bravery in lyrics of power metal songs, through references to heroic fantasy literature. The authoress shows how the perception of the concept of courage has changed over the centuries. She also characterizes specific elements that characterize heroic fantasy. Based on the analysis of selected examples of power metal song lyrics, she shows how metal bands refer to heroic fantasy and how it helps with placing the theme of bravery in their songs. The article also shows the phenomenon of intertextuality, related to this aspect.
Narzeczona Dobrawa i nawracanie księcia Mieszka (aspekty genealogiczne, polityczne i transformacyjne)
Authors:   České vysoké učení technické v Praze, Vaníček Vratislav
Published: June 2024

The marriage of Princess Doubravka to Prince Mieszko I is a specific example of acculturation in Central-Eastern Europe when Christianity came from Bohemia. It was striving to emancipate its own diocese, further east, to emerging Poland. The study first addresses the genealogical issues of Bolesław I the Braves family and considers the identification of Doubravkas mother (Biagota?, Slavníkovci?). The impulse for the Christianisation of Poland was Prince Mieszkos defeat in 963; he needed military allies while a certain crisis of identity could have arosen („culture shock” – the disfavour of ethnic „daemons”). In his chronicle, Thietmar of Merseburg rather obscured the information about the marriage, through a certain bias against Mieszko, and especially towards his son Bolesław. The baptism took place before the diocese was established; it was a cultural transfer „from court to court”, from Prague to Poznań, perhaps due to the similarities between the Czech and Polish dynastic traditions. The goals of Mieszkos marriage were achieved in 967 (victory of the combined Polish-Bohemian army over Wichmann, birth of Mieszkos son Bolesław).