bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-temperature stable piezoelectric transducers using epitaxially grown electrodes
Authors: Wulfmeier Hendrik , Feder René , Zhao Li , Fritze Holger
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Piezoelectric resonators are of great importance for application in high-precision transducers. However, at elevated temperatures, the degradation of commonly used metal electrodes may affect the performance of oxide electrodes of piezoelectric transducers; with sufficiently high electrical conductivity they are expected to overcome this deficit. In the latter case, the stable operation of piezoelectric transducers could be further enhanced if the resonator and electrodes would consist of identical or at least very similar materials; thus, nearly monolithic resonators are created. The present work focuses on two major aspects: the growth of high-quality
langasite (La3Ga5SiO14; LGS) and doped LGS thin-film
electrode layers by pulsed laser ablation and the characterization of the
developed resonator devices. To obtain epitaxial films of the correct
stoichiometry, the deposition on heated substrates is performed in oxygen
atmosphere in the range from 10−3 to 10 Pa. Another requirement for
adjusting the stoichiometry is an increased Ga content in the sputter
targets with respect to LGS to account for Ga evaporation during film
deposition. Additional doping with Sr increases the electrode film
conductivity; thus combined with the use of low-conductivity
single-crystalline catangasite (Ca3TaGa3Si2O14; CTGS) substrates the
ratio between the electrical conductivities of the substrate and the film is
increased, enabling the preparation of nearly monolithic resonators.
The properties of these nearly monolithic resonators are characterized in
the temperature range of 600 to 1000 ∘C and compared to those of CTGS resonator blanks without electrodes. Particular attention is paid to the reproducibility of resonator properties, the electrode orientation and the quality factor. The created nearly monolithic resonator demonstrates stable operation in the temperature range from 600 to 1000 ∘C.
Hydro-mechanical processes and their influence on the stimulation effected volume: Observations from a decameter-scale hydraulic stimulation project
Authors: Krietsch Hannes , Gischig Valentin S. , Doetsch Joseph , Evans Keith F. , Villiger Linus , Jalali Mohammadreza , Valley Benoit , Loew Simon , Amann Florian
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Six hydraulic shearing experiments have been conducted in the framework of the In-situ Stimulation and Circulation experiment within a decameter-scale crystalline rock volume at the Grimsel Test Site, Switzerland. During each experiment one out of two different shear zone types were hydraulically reactivated. An extensive monitoring system of sensors recording seismicity, pressure and strain was spatially distributed in eleven boreholes around the injection locations. As a result of the stimulation, the near-wellbore transmissivity increased up to three orders in magnitude, while jacking pressures of the stimulated structures reduced during most of the experiments. Transmissivity change, jacking pressure and seismic activity were different for the two shear zone types, suggesting that the shear zone characteristics govern the seismo-hydro-mechanical response. The elevated fracture-fluid-pressures associated with the stimulations propagated mostly along the stimulated shear zones. The absence of high-pressure signals away from the injection point for most experiments (except two out of six experiments) is interpreted as channelized flow within the shear zones. The observed deformation field within 15 m–20 m from the injection point is characterized by variable extensional and compressive strain, produced by fracture normal opening and/or slip dislocation, as well as stress redistribution related to these processes. At greater distance from the injection location, strain measurements indicate a volumetric compressive zone, in which the strain magnitude decreases with increasing distance. This compressive strain signals are interpreted as a poro-elastic far-field response to the emplacement of fluid volume around the injection interval. The exceptional hydro-mechanical data reveal that the overall stimulation effected volume is significantly larger than implied by the seismicity cloud, and can be subdivided into a primary stimulated and secondary effected zone.
Historical Northern Hemisphere snow cover trends and projected
changes in the CMIP-6 multi-model ensemble
Authors: Mudryk Lawrence , Santolaria-Otín Maria , Krinner Gerhard , Ménégoz Martin , Derksen Chris , Brutel-Vuilmet Claire , Brady Mike , Essery Richard
Published: January 2020

Abstract. This paper presents an analysis of observed and simulated historical snow cover extent and snow mass, along with future snow cover projections from models participating in the 6th phase of the World Climate Research Programme Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP-6). Where appropriate, the CMIP-6 output is compared to CMIP-5 results in order to assess progress (or absence thereof) between successive model generations. An ensemble of six products are used to produce a new time series of northern hemisphere snow extent anomalies and trends; a subset of four of these products are used for snow mass. Trends in snow extent over 1981–2018 are negative in all months, and exceed −50 × 103 km2 during November, December, March, and May. Snow mass trends are approximately −5 Gt/year or more for all months from December to May. Overall, the CMIP-6 multi-model ensemble better represents the snow extent climatology over the 1981–2014 period for all months, correcting a low bias in CMIP-5. Simulated snow extent and snow mass trends over the 1981–2014 period are slightly stronger in CMIP-6 than in CMIP-5, although large inter-model spread remains in the simulated trends for both variables. There is a single linear relationship between projected spring snow extent and global surface air temperature (GSAT) changes, which is valid across all scenarios. This finding suggests that Northern Hemisphere spring snow extent will decrease by about 8 % relative to the 1995–2014 level per °C of GSAT increase. The sensitivity of snow to temperature forcing largely explains the absence of any climate change pathway dependency, similar to other fast response components of the cryosphere such as sea ice and near surface permafrost.
O’Malley, Maria and Denys van Renen eds. Beyond 1776. Globalizing the Cultures of the American Revolution. Charlottesville: U of Virginia P, 2018
Authors: Woodward Servanne
Published: January 2020

The volume follows a stream of history of ideas, yet its intent is to decenter the traditional analysis of nodal landmarks historians practiced, to contemplate the formation of the United States as a cosmopolitan operation.
Spirit Wind
Authors: Wills David
Published: January 2020

The death penalty’s appropriation of the concept of a painless instant is compared with the absolute possession of a simultaneity of crime and (self)-punishment by the suicide bomber, who robs the state of the capacity to impose a punishment. Being outside the law in this way, suicide terrorist action nevertheless reflects the simple logic of a punishment to fit the crime that motivates capital punishment advocates. This chapter’s examination of those ideas begins with a series of suicide effects that persist in the operation of the death penalty; it then works through Malraux’s Condition humaine and a history of terrorism tied to the French Revolution’s reign of Terror and Blanchot’s analysis of that absolute revolutionary moment, which is put into contrast with his Instant of My Death.
Lam Time
Authors: Wills David
Published: January 2020

This chapter puts the instant of execution into contrast with the different time frames of the crime itself and of court proceedings. The analysis works through a particular nineteenth-century multiple homicide in France—studied by a team led by Michel Foucault—committed by Pierre Rivière. The case is distinguished by the memoir that Rivière wrote as a justification for his crime but that, in various ways, became part of the crime itself. The murders occurred when “extenuating circumstances” were being accepted as a criminal defense and when psychological testimony was finding its way into proceedings. Both those tendencies extend the crime into the past history of the criminal mind and show how the moment of committing a crime becomes part of a longer narrative—or even literary—fantasy that is in some respects indistinguishable from what we understand as a motive. The chapter ends with a discussion of Kafka’s “death penalty” fiction.
Introduction: Reinhabiting the Earth
Authors: Wood David
Published: January 2020

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the relationship between habit and climate change. It would be hard to overestimate the role of habit in people's lives. At one level, this is all well and good. There are, of course, bad habits, which people try to kick, but people's daily life would collapse without the scaffolding of habit. Still, when one contemplates climate change and the catastrophic future it presages, it is hard not to conclude that “business as usual” simply cannot continue for long. “Business as usual” means the common cloth of people's Western daily lives, their normal practices, in large part consisting of habits—personal, collective, economic, and intellectual. Forms of life, patterns of dwelling, other than the current consumerist model are undoubtedly possible. But whether people can get there from here voluntarily is another matter. If reinhabiting the earth means changing some of people's deep habits, habits reflecting historical sedimentations and congealings, then unearthing the forces in play, seeing how they operate and what is at stake in reconfiguring them, is a historical task to which philosophy can at least contribute. Economists are also central to imagining other economic orders, such as that of degrowth.
On the Way to Econstruction
Authors: Wood David
Published: January 2020

This chapter discusses eco-deconstruction. It highlights two guiding questions: (1) Might not an econstruction—a living, developing, and materially informed deconstruction—find itself quite at home thinking through the quandaries of environmental concern? (2) Might not environmentalism provoke a certain materialistic mutation within deconstruction? This can be argued both ways—that environmentalism finds itself in an often problematic and aporetic space of posthumanistic displacement where deconstruction is particularly well equipped to offer guidance. Equally, environmental concerns can embolden deconstruction to embrace what can be called a strategic materialism, or the essential interruptibility of any and every idealization. Moreover, deconstruction's critique of presence leads effortlessly to the strange temporalities of environmentalism. The dangers people currently face are from the accumulated impacts of past practices.
Ecological Imagination: A Whiteheadian Exercise in Temporal Phronesis
Authors: Wood David
Published: January 2020

This chapter presents an account of temporal phronesis that reflects a somewhat more chastened view of human creativity, drawing on Alfred North Whitehead's original and productive understanding of natural process, time, and creativity. This new temporal phronesis would be a major contribution to habits of thought, and indeed practice, which would not merely transcend the mechanical but move to another level the creative engagement with the environment that Whitehead calls for. To be out of touch, to fail to be attuned to the complexity of time is not just a cognitive but an ethical failure, where the ethical is to be understood not deontologically or instrumentally but in relation to ethos, or dwelling. Such a phronesis would capture both the temporal complexity of the real, and of people's engagement with it, and is central to the ecological imagination. It is only by articulating and enacting such complexity that people can achieve the attunement required for an environmentally sustainable ethos. This attunement is itself a creative accomplishment of the human organism, even as it sets limits to an unbridled sense of the transformability of nature.
The Eleventh Plague: Thinking Ecologically after Derrida
Authors: Wood David
Published: January 2020

This chapter develops an eleventh “plague” onto Jacques Derrida's list of ten plagues of the New World Order in his Specters of Marx: the growing global climate crisis. Forging an amalgam from Derrida and Heidegger, it shows that the eleventh plague was not just “one more plague” but was at the heart of the first ten, or at least was intimately implied or caught up in them. In the most summary form, this would be to show that questions of violence, law, and social justice are inseparable from ecological sustainability. A similar move would demonstrate that another candidate for the eleventh plague—the animal holocaust—is closely connected both with the first ten plagues and ecological sustainability, perhaps serving as a bridge of sorts. Derrida's remarks about the animal holocaust, and about human suffering and misery, are set in the context of people's denial, blindness, and refusal to acknowledge these phenomena, and the way that human suffering especially represents the contradiction, the hidden waste, produced by an ever more efficiently functioning system.
Reversals and Transformations
Authors: Wood David
Published: January 2020

This chapter assesses the significance of such challenging experiences of reversal, transformation, displacement, and frame-shifting—how they are possible, what they suggest for the practice of philosophy, and how they bear on the shape of humanity's earthly dwelling. It discusses a broad range of experiences, with a view to drawing from them some sort of productive schematization. Taken together, the specific relevance of these examples to bringing about “the change we need” on the environmental front becomes clear. The example of the broken hammer is a reminder of how much people take a fallible technology for granted. Meanwhile, Heidegger suggests that the instrumental understanding of language is allied with technological mastery of the earth. Musing on mortality is equally open to a range of dramatic transformations. Awareness of one's mortality, and the ultimate price being paid for humanity being alive by other species, can give urgency and intensity to the search for sustainable existence. Love, empathy, engagement with nonhuman animals, and the experience of art all take people out of themselves, or mean and narrow versions of themselves, and allow them to imagine other, less defensive, more generous, guiding dispositions. Finally, coming to see the earth as itself vulnerable and fragile can shake people out of their infantile disregard for its own requirements. Ultimately, these various experiential reversals make possible a concerted change in how people live, move, and have their being.
Touched by Touching: Toward a Carnal Hermeneutics
Authors: Wood David
Published: January 2020

This chapter studies the practice of carnal hermeneutics. A carnal hermeneutics would find ever new ways of showing how the imagination inhabits people's bodies, from the pores of their skin to the ways they schematize their dynamic corporeality and their engagements with others. The erotic spawns some of the most telling ways, but there is no place for correctness here. The flesh is equally a site of lawless excitation and incitement—pain as well as pleasure, excess, and violence. If it has a transcendental face, a carnal hermeneutics would ask the question: How is all this possible? Perhaps taking a cue from Sigmund Freud, it would ask about the drive to destruction, death, security, and release from stress in addition to the search for pleasure—Thanatos as well as Eros—and all that lies in between.
On Being Haunted by the Future
Authors: Wood David
Published: January 2020

This chapter discusses the future as another site of contestation. Jacques Derrida insists that people understand the “to-come” not as a real future “down the road” but rather as a universal structure of immanence. However, such a structure is no substitute for the hard work of taking responsibility for what are often entirely predictable and preventable disasters. It is important to steer clear of the utopian black hole, the thought—or shape of desire—that the future would need to bring a future perfection or completion. To avoid the trap set by such a shape of desire, it is not necessary—indeed is necessary not—to reduce the future to a universal structure of immanence. What is equally disturbing is not people's inability to expect the unexpected but the failure of the institutions to prevent the all-too-predictable. Too many of the institutions have conditions of sustainability that are unhealthily insulated from the real world, or indeed coconspirators in the fantasy that people can go on like this.
Before Emptiness: On the Destructiveness and Impotence of Law
Authors: Esmeir Samera
Published: January 2020

Stanton Street in Haifa lost its Arabic name during the British mandate in Palestine. After the 1948 war and the subsequent Zionist "ethnic homogenization" of the land, the street became Shivat Zion (the Return of Zion). The Palestinian residents were forced out, their homes taken into state custody as a result of a series of Israeli Absentee Property Laws. Today, this street is lined with the ruined homes of Palestinian refugees whose return Israel prevents. While the street has undergone many transmutations, a stretch of dismembered rubble remains. Unlike other scarred houses of Palestinian refugees on the same street, sold by the state to Israelis who restored them and settled in them, the rubble cannot be renovated. In their rubbly ruination, they resist becoming a site for the new law of the land.
Israel's mission has been to fill up the emptiness Palestinians were forced to leave behind with settlers or new colonial symbolic meanings. This stretch, however, has proved unfillable, its emptiness uninhabitable. It can only be further destroyed. But if law knows only how to annihilate dismembered ruins, it is incapable of exerting its authority over them. It is impotent in the face of the resistance they offer.
Signs of Authority in Indian Country
Authors: Piatote Beth H.
Published: January 2020

The Indian reservation is a place where multiple forms of law-federal, tribal, and state-create both gaps and overlaps of rules and jurisdictions, at times in accord and at times in contest. Analysis of an ethnographic photograph of women from the Yakama Nation in front of a sign marking one of their reservation's internal boundaries reveals how their defense of indigenous law also invokes multiple forms of tribal, state, and federal law. The federal jurisdiction asserted by this sign at a border within the reservation, warning away sport hunters and fishers, is doubled and thereby decentered by the postures, dress, and tools held up by the women. They base their claim to the land ("Do Not Enter") not on state law, but in practices of indigenous law-with its own expressions of property rights and claims to authority-reflected in the elements of the photograph.
Signs of Law
Authors: Volpp Leti
Published: January 2020

A common discursive framework unites the now-iconic American road signs addressing cross-border immigration from Mexico. First installed in 1990, these signs featured an iconic silhouette of a family, with hands locked, in flight. The sign's original "Caution" was addressed toward freeway drivers; when the addendum of "Prohibido" was added to address would-be pedestrians, it doubled the sign's intended audience. The linguistic demarcation of two addressee-populations, citizens and those demarcated as illegal, reveals the ambiguity in the sign's authority, which both seeks to care for the general welfare by keeping people from getting killed and fulfills a mandate to police the border. As the family's iconic silhouette has been adapted further to serve as a meme for long-standing debates about immigration to the United States and global controversies over refugees and asylum seekers, issues of place become inseparable from matters of identity.
Invention and Process in Bilski
Authors: Constable Marianne
Published: January 2020

Using the 2009 U.S. Supreme Court patent case Bilski v. Kappos as an example, the article shows how legal claims are performative speech acts. It argues further that the Court's claims about invention and process in Bilski reveal the vexed metaphysics of the current age first diagnosed by Friedrich Nietzsche. As in patent law, so too in law more broadly, making a claim risks becoming a step in a never-ending information process in which traditional distinctions between doers and deeds, for instance, break down.
Derrida’s Legal Times
Authors: Meyler Bernadette
Published: January 2020

The aim of this essay is to suggest what Jacques Derrida’s late forays into law and politics might contribute to thinking in legal theory beyond what can be derived from Michel Foucault and his inheritors. The key differences pertain to time and timing. In particular, Derrida’s writings lead us to reconsider the timing of the relation between the subject and the law, whether that subject is declaring independence or awaiting death. Through the vector of time, the trace of the subject—not self-present or autonomous but a subject nonetheless—is recovered within the juridico-political sphere.
A Ghost Story
Authors: Wan Marco
Published: January 2020

This chapter examines the cultural dimension of Hong Kong’s Occupy Central movement by analyzing a theatrical production from the period in light of Jacques Derrida’s notion of hauntology. It argues that despite its purported focus on legal issues surrounding electoral reform, Occupy Central addresses more fundamental tensions about “Britishness” and “Chineseness” that structure Hong Kong identity. It posits that such tensions are creatively registered in Marcus Woo’s Find Ghost Do the CE and that Derrida’s Specters of Marx provides a framework for bringing them to light. It concludes by asking what it might mean to do justice to the complexity of Hong Kong identity in a time of constitutional uncertainty.
The Problem of Mathematics in Critical Theory
Authors: Handelman Matthew
Published: January 2020

This introduction lays out the eclipse of mathematics in Max Horkheimer and Theodor W. Adorno’s self-fashioning of critical theory and proposes an alternative paradigm for mathematics in critical thought, which this study calls negative mathematics. Radicalizing Edmund Husserl’s linkage of the mathematization of nature and the worsening political situation in Europe in the 1930s, the foundational phase of Horkheimer and Adorno’s critical project defined itself against mathematics as the reification and instrumentalization of reason. In the work of Gershom Scholem, Franz Rosenzweig, and Siegfried Kracauer, however, negative mathematics—mathematical approaches to lack, absence, and discontinuity—revealed ways of expressing Jewish experiences and perspectives otherwise erased by secularization and modernization. This development of negative mathematics is situated in a history of German-Jewish intellectual appeals to mathematics since Moses Mendelssohn. In the hands of Scholem, Rosenzweig, and Kracauer, it crystalized into theory that drew on mathematics to reconfigure the limits of representing minoritarian groups and ideas.
The Philosophy of Mathematics: Privation and Representation in Gershom Scholem’s Negative Aesthetics
Authors: Handelman Matthew
Published: January 2020

Chapter 2 investigates the moment in 1917 when the philosophy of mathematics revealed to Gershom Scholem the symbolic potential of privation. Mathematics—in particular, the translation of logic into the symbols and operations of mathematics known as mathematical logic—produced novel results by discarding the conventional representational and meaning-making functions of language. Drawing on these mathematical insights, Scholem’s theorization of the poetic genre of lament and his translations of the biblical book of Lamentations employed erasure on the level of literary form to symbolize experiences, such as the Jewish diaspora, that exceed the limits of linguistic and historical representation. For Scholem, both poetry and history can mobilize deprivation as a means of retaining in language a symbol of experiences and ideas that remain unsayable in language and inexpressible in history—accounting for the erasure of exile and finding historical continuity in moments of silence, rupture, and catastrophe.
Infinitesimal Calculus: Subjectivity, Motion, and Franz Rosenzweig’s Messianism
Authors: Handelman Matthew
Published: January 2020

By way of Leibniz’s and Newton’s calculi and Hermann Cohen’s neo-Kantianism, Chapter 3 explores how infinitesimal calculus allowed Franz Rosenzweig to embed messianism into the daily work of thought. Through metaphors of space and subjectivity, the idea of the differential—the infinitely small quantity—synthesized the finitude of lived experience with the infinitude of the Absolute. In Rosenzweig’s The Star of Redemption (1921), the differential revealed a world in which the thinking individual works toward the redemption of the world, thus arguing for the modern relevance of Judaism despite the apparent world-historical hegemony of Christianity. For Rosenzweig, the differential pointed to a “messianic theory of knowledge,” which made room for the truths verified by belief alongside those proved by mathematics. It also underscored the epistemological significance of marginalized beliefs and experiences—even of those people who stand on the sidelines of so-called world history—in the project of redemption.
Geometry: Projection and Space in Siegfried Kracauer’s Aesthetics of Theory
Authors: Handelman Matthew
Published: January 2020

Chapter 4 investigates how geometry revealed to Siegfried Kracauer a style of cultural critique that worked toward a more reasonable society through critique. For Kracauer, geometric metaphors of space and projection fulfilled a seemingly impossible task: in a world vanquished of divine authority, geometry bridged the divide between the raw contingency of materiality and the necessity of mathematical reasoning. Kracauer’s Weimar-era essays, such as “The Mass Ornament” (1927), transformed these metaphors into an aesthetic strategy that, through the space of the text, sought to confront readers with the capitalist misuse of reason and provoke critical self-reflection. For Kracauer, the marginalized figure of the societal observer, the cultural critic, even the Jew took on the role of correcting the historical trajectory of Enlightenment. This vision of critique suggests that critical theorists look to the performativity and positionality of criticism for modes of cultural intervention in our hyper-rationalized and digitized present.
Who’s Afraid of Mathematics? Critical Theory in the Digital Age
Authors: Handelman Matthew
Published: January 2020

This book’s conclusion explores the persistence of intellectual anxieties related to mathematics in current debates over computational and quantitative approaches to humanistic inquiry known as the digital humanities. The digital humanities offer broader access to cultural and aesthetic products and new insights into their composition, circulation, and interrelations. And yet those skeptical of the digital humanities—akin to Horkheimer and Adorno’s criticism of the Logical Positivists—accuse digital humanists of uncritically yielding to business and science, objecting that reorienting the humanities around technology and code forfeits politics and language, history and critique. Negative mathematics offers a third way for the humanities to move between naïve positivism and critical rejectionism. Drawing on Scholem, Rosenzweig, and Kracauer, this third way finds in mathematical-computational approaches to negativity new ways to retain the silences of marginalized ideas and erasures of minoritarian experiences in historical and aesthetic thought.
Tragic Fanaticism: Milton’s Motions
Authors: Lerner Ross
Published: January 2020

Chapter 4 argues that polemics attempting to claim Milton’s Samson Agonistes as either a celebration or condemnation of terrorism profoundly mistake the value of the play’s literary and philosophical investigation into fanaticism. Milton’s play inherits the problem of “passive action” that Donne brought into view and Hobbes attempted to dismiss. Developing a new theory of tragedy to address the problem of fanaticism, Milton bars his audience—and Samson himself—from knowledge of whether or not Samson is an organ of divine might. This tragic unknowability is the major aesthetic, epistemological, and ethical problem with which the witness of fanatical violence confronts modernity.
The Death Drive
Authors: Rose Marika
Published: January 2020

This chapter examines Žižek’s account of the relation between desire and the death drive and gives an account of the ways in which this central Žižekian notion is ontologized and how this model inherits and transforms certain key theological terms, offering resources not for escaping but for confronting the antagonisms of Christian theology. It traces the key notion of the death drive through Freud, Lacan, and Žižek, examining how Žižek takes up this psychoanalytic notion to give an account of the social order. In contrast to Dionysius’s Neoplatonic account of eros and ontology, Žižek’s materialist ontology of failure is one in which both desire and being are irreducibly particular and contingent. It is precisely out of the cracks in being that unity is impossible, out of the failure of every identity that newness is generated. Division is a good in itself, not merely something to be undone in order to return to union with God; and the desire for union is itself a false and unrealizable dream.
Conclusion: Theology as Failure
Authors: Rose Marika
Published: January 2020

This conclusion draws together the themes of the book, exploring what a theology of failure looks like in relation to four overarching themes: freedom, materiality, hierarchy, and universalism. This account of ontology, desire, and Christian theology suggests not only that completeness is impossible but also that purity is impossible. The internal rupture that both constitutes and disrupts every individual economic identity is also the rupture between the social economy of the relationship between the individual and others, language and the body, theology and philosophy, God and the created order. Theology can no more remain immune from its others than it can completely encompass them. Once there was no secular; and yet the genealogy of the church, of Christian theology, is constantly interrupted, contaminated, and enriched by the profane, the abject, and the horrific. Theology is failure; the task, then, is to fail better, to liberate our others in order to begin the difficult work of learning how to love them.
Alfonso VIII and the Papacy
Authors: Smith Damian
Published: January 2020

This chapter explores the relationship between the Castilian monarchy and the papacy, looking at two letters from the quite extensive papal-Castilian correspondence concerning the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa. The letters were to be used in what was to be a long, drawn-out and ultimately fruitless cause for the canonization of Alfonso VIII of Castile. One of the letters was the Supplicatio generalis, which was Pope Innocent III's call for a general procession of the clergy and people of Rome, as well as processions elsewhere, prior to the great battle, which the pope was expecting to take place in mid-May 1212 around the time of Pentecost. The second was the famous letter of Alfonso VIII himself to Innocent III after the Christian victory, in which the battle of Las Navas was described. The Supplicatio generalis would have left no doubt concerning the importance of Alfonso VIII to the papacy, Rome, and Christian history. The letter describing the victory of Las Navas appears equally well chosen because it surely demonstrated the devotion of the king of Castile to the apostolic see.
Introduction
Authors: Swann Karen
Published: January 2020

This chapter lays out the book’s terrain and argument. It proposes that the figures of Keats, Shelley, and Coleridge, as they emerge in contemporary reminiscences, are allegorical in Walter Benjamin’s sense of the term: they speak to the survival of the poet as an attenuated figure in a modern commercial culture. Biographical fascination arises when these biographical figurations of the poet, which circulate with the poetic remains, chime with the figural strategies of the poetry itself. Often described as sentimental, biographical fascination in fact registers pathos, the emotion attendant upon the sacrifice of singular life to the regimes of the aesthetic and of the commodity.
Tracing Keats
Authors: Swann Karen
Published: January 2020

Drawing on Walter Benjamin’s account of the shock effect that is central to modern experience, this chapter argues that the materials of Keat’s posthumous life, circulating with his poetry, produce the conditions for biographical fascination, which arises when poetic figures come unpredictably to revive biographical materials as an unassimilable burden of reference. Turning to Keats’s own figurations of the poet in Endymion and The Fall of Hyperion, the chapter proposes that Keats’s poet-figures dramatize what Samuel Weber, following Benjamin, calls “the singular leave-taking of the singular” that is the very condition of modern experience. The modernity of Keats’s poetry involves this signaling and remembrance of lost singularity, an effect that detonates again in the reader’s relation to the biographical figure of Keats.
Late Coleridge
Authors: Swann Karen
Published: January 2020

This chapter is a sustained reading of Coleridge’s late verse and the notebook writing that is its context. It argues that Coleridge’s late poetic work creates and occupies a mode or genre that he called “work without hope” and that this study, following the work of psychoanalyst André Green, calls “the work of the negative.” This work is reactive, written in the absence of an object and committed to an exploration of the negative spaces that open on this side of aim and end. It connects what Coleridge called his “abstruse research” to an idea of thinking as endless and illimitable work.
Terra Has Standing
Authors: Usher Phillip John
Published: January 2020

This chapter offers a reading of a late fifteenth-century Latin text, Paulus Niavis’s Judicium Jovis(Judgment of Jupiter), which grants Terra legal standing, a right it uses to enter Jupiter’s court and accuse a miner of matricide. Situating Niavis’s Terra in a tradition going from Greek Gaia to Roman Terra up through the twelfth-century Terra of Alain de Lille in his De planctu naturae and finally reaching forward to Anthropocene-era debates over the relationship between humans and the Gaia of Lovelock and Latour, the chapter teases out how the Judicium Jovis fashions a sense of the exterranean in which Terra is neither just a body (or globe) nor a vital force (i.e., Earth’s systems), but both at the same time, such that the text’s final locking together of Terra and human activity serves as an argument against forms of ecological thought that depend upon seeing totalities from afar.
Terra Globalized
Authors: Usher Phillip John
Published: January 2020

This chapter shifts the focus firmly to a geographical—as opposed to mythological—Terra and to Terra’s (quite literal) early modern post-1492 globalization, as when Sebastian Münster says Terra is known to be “globum magnum & rotundum” (a big and round globe). The chapter explores how the post-1492 Terra of cosmographic writing and globe gores—and that might seem to be produced only for a divine seen-from-nowhere perspective—collide with contemporary presentations of New World mining on this new global Terra.
Saline Intimacies
Authors: Usher Phillip John
Published: January 2020

This chapter studies another and wholly different exterranean matter, salt. The focus here is on how authors (both early modern and contemporary) attempt to describe salt by listing what it does, which ultimately points toward its chemical properties, as too does the doing of one particularly salty hero, Rabelais’s Pantagruel. Discussion follows of salt’s contested exterraneanity via Cellini’s saliera and a poem by André Mage de Fiefmelin. The chapter ends by discussion of a neo-Latin poem by Conrad Celtis that imagines salt extraction and human descent into the mines in strikingly similar terms. From these two chapters, it becomes clear that collective perception of the exterranean origins of extracted matter in an oscillation is more than a given, and that it does not determine in and of itself how humans live with bits-taken-from-the-Earth.
Explicit
Authors: Usher Phillip John
Published: January 2020

Abstract and Keywords to be supplied.
Introduction
Authors: Vinter Maggie
Published: January 2020

The introduction outlines a theoretical framework for the book. Through a brief survey of critical approaches to Hamlet, it considers the common alignment of early modern drama with mourning and argues that new critical perspectives emerge if we focus on the experience of the dying subject instead. William Perkins’s 1595 tract, A Salve for a Sick Man, illustrates how death was understood around Shakespeare’s time. By situating Perkins’s text in relation to ancient Stoicism and twentieth-century phenomenology, the introduction explicates what is distinctive about the understanding of dying found in the ars moriendi tradition and argues for the theoretical sophistication and continuing influence of the genre.
Dying Politically
Authors: Vinter Maggie
Published: January 2020

Most readers of Christopher Marlowe’s Edward II locate the play’s radicalism in the sexualized challenge that Edward’s homoerotic relations with Gaveston and the Spensers pose to dynastic monarchy and aristocratic governance. This chapter replaces erotics with necrotics to argue that royal sodomy and homoerotic friendship can be accommodated by the play’s political order with relative ease; royal death, by contrast, exposes fundamental weaknesses within dominant conceptions of sovereignty. While recent queer theory has aligned queerness with mortality, Edward II pointedly detaches sexuality from death, offering Edward political opportunities in dying that are unavailable through queer eroticism. In prison, Edward subsumes regimes of dynastic sovereignty within the biological existence of the body. Even once dead, Edward is not superseded because the theater suggests he may still be minimally present, in the slippage between bodies and in props, in the presence of an actor offstage, and in the violence carried out in his name. Rather than supporting a particular structure of power, Edward’s death indicates the range of political potentialities inherent in exposure to mortality, which might alternatively support republican, absolutist, bureaucratic, or tyrannical regimes.
Dying Representatively
Authors: Vinter Maggie
Published: January 2020

Shakespeare’s Richard II confronts usurpation by evoking the example of the Passion and so ties his anticipated death to the devotional practices of imitation. By relying on a religious tradition of imitatio Christi, Richard seeks to affirm his divine right to the throne. While he attempts to recruit mimetic death as a support for absolutist monarchy, the play as a whole develops a more complex politics around exemplary mortality. Richard’s alignment with Christ is continually disrupted by negative examples of dying badly. Judas and Faustus flicker behind his persona, indicating his limited control over the politics of resemblance. Moreover, the audiences who witness and adjudicate Richard’s performance are also implicated in political mimesis. When Richard abdicates, he draws members of Parliament into his performance of the Passion as representatives in a double sense: already witnesses standing for the interests of the country, they become Pilates and Judases authorizing his self-presentation as Christ. The play aligns sovereign mortality, dramatic imitation, and political surrogacy to anticipate ideas underpinning both Hobbes’s conception of absolute sovereignty in terms of personation and modern notions of representative governance.
Epilogue
Authors: Vinter Maggie
Published: January 2020

The epilogue explores what continued relevance ars moriendi ideas have for artistic, political, and social practice. Following The Hour of Our Death, Philippe Ariès’s history of Western approaches to mortality, the notion that the art of dying is lost has become a commonplace. In this view, the end of life has been medicalized, sanitized, and monetized to the point where it can no longer be understood as a practice. Rather, it marks perhaps the final site where individuals are fully subsumed into a biopolitical and capitalist state. To complicate this narrative, the epilogue considers a number of disparate efforts to sustain an art of dying into the modern and postmodern eras, including John Donne’s preparations for death, Elizabeth Jocelin’s The Mothers Legacie to Her Unborn Childe;Samuel Richardson’s Clarissa; and “Lazarus,” the final music video David Bowie released before his death. As they echo the devotional tracts and dramas of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, these texts and artworks perpetuate arts of dying today into the present.
A House Divided
Authors: Bane Mary Jo
Published: January 2020

Utilizing National Congregations Study data, this chapter paints a demographic portrait of American Catholic parishes in which Latinos are underrepresented and the affluent overrepresented, compared to the overall self-identified Catholic population. As the United States grows increasingly diverse racially, and as the gap between the rich and the poor grows, American Catholic parishes are also highly segregated economically and ethnically. Indeed, Latinos and the wealthy are significantly more segregated by parish than they are by neighborhood. With ethnic and economic segregation closely tied, the Catholic parish landscape is increasingly composed of rich white parishes and poor Latino parishes. The chapter grapples with implications of this empirical reality, along with potential solutions.
Parishes as Homes and Hubs
Authors: Garces-Foley Kathleen
Published: January 2020

Drawn from ethnographic observation in the Washington, D.C., area, this chapter explores how racially diverse, highly educated, and highly involved young adult Catholics in the region of Washington, D.C., relate to parishes. The Catholic scene, for young adults in this locale, is constructed through the efforts of parish-based young adult groups, diocesan offices for Young Adult Ministry, and parachurch organizations. Consequently, this group relates to parishes in three distinct but overlapping ways: parish as home, parish as hub, and parish as sacrament-station. This chapter suggests that scholars rethink the centrality and functions of the parish in American Catholicism. Using the D.C. region in this study, it would be a mistake to assume that young adults who are “loosely tethered” to D.C. parishes are disengaged from the church.
Resettlement Assistance and “A New Standard of Living”
Authors: Battisti Danielle
Published: January 2020

The chapter chronicles how Italian American organizations provided employment, housing, and resettlement assistance to tens of thousands of Italian immigrants, especially refugees, after they arrived in the U.S. It argues that in assisting immigrants and helping newcomers project a public image of success, Italian American organizations were attempting to demonstrate the desirability of Italian immigrants, their ability to contribute to American economic growth, their ability to assimilate to American lifestyles, and their fitness for citizenship in a democratic society. Resettlement efforts also reveal conservative aspects of white ethnic activism. In focusing on resettlement initiatives, Italian American immigration reformers largely accepted the premise that the success of recently arrived Italian immigrants did not just reflect individual achievements. Instead, the ability of the national or ethnic group as a whole to immigrate, adjust, and thrive as Americans was at stake. In working to ensure that new immigrants were considered “desirable” or “fit” by other Americans, Italian Americans were not challenging long-standing cultural assumptions about the role of race and ethnicity in American society. They were only claiming that Italian ethnics be included within the boundaries of the privileged white, middle-class cultural mainstream.
Demetrios Chomatianos: Colonial Resistance and the Fear of Sacramental Miscegenation
Authors: Demacopoulos George E.
Published: January 2020

This chapter explores a pair of canonical opinions written by Demetrios Chomatianos, the archbishop of Ohrid in the 1220s. These texts draw sharp sacramental boundaries not only between Greek and Latin Christians, but more notably, between Greek Christians who hold differing opinions about the standing of Latins within the Church. Chomatianos opined, for the first time in history, that Greek Christians who failed to acknowledge the threat posed by Latin Christians should be barred from the sacramental rites of the Orthodox community. These rulings by Chomatianos reflect an effort to preserve an authentic Orthodox communal identity against the taint of “sacramental miscegenation” that could be caused by either the recognition of or support for Latin rule in the East. Indeed, one of the most important features of these rulings is that they are not about Latins per se. Rather, they were about the way in which an observant Christian should respond to the political reality of Latin occupation and the possibility of resistance to the Latins within the realm of Christian sacramental rites.
Husserl’s Phenomenology and the Motives Leading to Its Transformation
Authors: Landgrebe Ludwig
Published: January 2020

This chapter explores the continuity in Husserl’s thought—both methodological and substantive—over his career as well as the reasons subsequent thinkers differed over Husserl’s views and deviated therefrom. Two motifs characterized Husserl’s early philosophy: an “eidetic-psychological” one concerned to disclose essential structures of experience, and an “ontological” one concerned to preserve the objectivity and ideality of meaning. For Husserl, these two motifs were inseparable, but his first followers tended to focus on one or the other of them. Heidegger best understood the unity of these motifs in Husserl’s thought, and he reinterpreted Husserl’s phenomenology in a way that attempted to express “the proper intention of phenomenology in a more precise form.” The chapter also explores this Heideggerian reinterpretation in its relation to Husserl’s original motivations.
Haecceitas, or Naked Singularity
Authors: LaZella Andrew
Published: January 2020

Chapter 6 examines how Scotus’s principle of individuation, or “haecceitas,” must be considered as an ultimate difference. The first section begins by outlining what any adequate principle of individuation must explain. This section shows how and why Scotus links such a principle with ultimate difference. The second section evaluates one of the main contenders defended by Aquinas and others: matter, or designate matter, to be more precise. The third section furthers this investigation by evaluating other traditional candidates for the principle of individual. As with matter, this section shows why Scotus rejects each of them on account of its failure to explain differentiation. This is followed by a positive account of Scotus’s principle of individuation, or haecceitas,in the fourth section. Such a principle must be accessed by remotion, not directly. To further account for this principle, the fifth section returns to the threefold comparison between ultimate individual and ultimate specific difference. Here the functional similarities between the two groupings of difference are seen, despite key dissimilarities. The sixth section contrasts what will be called “naked singularity” to the contemporary notion of “bare particularity.” This section concludes by explaining what Scotus means by haecceitasas a material difference and principle of subjectivation.