bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges for Sige Bicmos in Advanced-Node SOI
Authors: Pekarik Jack , Jain Vibhor , Kenney Crystal , Holt Judson , Khokale Shweta , Saroop Sudesh , Johnson Jeffrey , Stein Kenneth , Ontalus Viorel , Durcan Christopher , Nafari Mona , Nesheiwat Tayel , Saudari Sangameshwar , Yarmoghaddam Elahe , Chaurasia Saloni , Joseph Alvin
Published: September 2022

A 45nm BiCMOS process, based on PDSOI CMOS, with SiGe HBT NPNs having f
T/f
MAX = 380/550GHz is presented. The bipolars are integrated on a PDSOI wafer in an epitaxial region above the handle wafer to avoid self-heating concerns. The paper reviews advantages and challenges to integrating SiGe BiCMOS on an advanced node SOI technology.
Overview of Aging Mechanisms in Sige Hbts
Authors: Raghunathan Uppili , Ioannou Dimitris , Jain Vibhor , Pekarik Jack
Published: September 2022

This paper reviews the recent studies in hot carrier degradation mechanisms of SiGe HBTs under saturation mode and off-state operation. Reliability of these devices gets increased scrutiny as technological scaling drives down device dimensions. Even as the performance of these devices increases, the hot carrier generation and reaction kinetics concepts driving degradation in sensitive regions of the device remain the same. The new mechanisms discussed here can be broadly categorized using the physics of high-voltage or high-current electrical stress conditions that have been well-studied. Measurements and TCAD simulations suggest that voltage-limited mechanisms consistently see worse degradation at lower temperatures while current-limited mechanisms respond to both higher temperature and higher current density. These limitations must be carefully evaluated during the development of new technologies and circuits.
Investigation of Arsenic Transient Enhanced Diffusion From Emitter Process at 550 °C Si:As RP-CVD Epitaxy Using Disilane Precursor
Authors: Deprat Fabien , Vives Jérémy , Juhel Marc , Valery Alexia , Lespiaux Justine , Baron Alain , Brezza Edoardo , Gauthier Alexis
Published: September 2022

Emitter resistivity should be optimized to increase the electrical performances of bipolar transistors. A non-selective Si:As deposition at temperature higher than 600 °C is currently used to fabricate such emitters: poly Si:As grows on dielectrics whereas monocrystalline Si:As grows on Si. A fully monocrystalline material would be needed to reduce the emitter resistivity, however. Therefore, a new process performed at 550 °C has been developed with Si2H6 as the Si precursor. Emitter mono-crystallinity is achieved by coupling amorphous deposition on dielectrics and solid phase epitaxy regrowth. The crystallinity of the structure has been checked by ACOM-TEM. With the Si2H6 process, an unusual diffusion of As is observed and has been reproduced on blanket wafers. The study on blankets wafer highlights that the diffusion is enhanced during a period: no enhanced diffusion occurs between 10 h and 24 h annealing at 720 °C. For the first time, transient enhanced diffusion of As is observed after low temperature epitaxy.
(Digital Presentation) Strain Engineering of Heteroepitaxial SiGe/Ge on Si with Various Crystal Orientations
Authors: Alam Md. Mahfuz , Wagatsuma Youya , Okada Kazuya , Yamada Michihiro , Hamaya Kohei , Sawano Kentarou
Published: September 2022

Strained SiGe layers with high Ge concentrations are grown on the Ge and Ge-on-Si substrates with various crystal orientations, and structural properties are studied. Particularly, initial stages of defect formation and related surface morphology are investigated. It is found that cracks are generated in the tensile-strained layer and surface ridge roughness is formed around the cracks although the total relaxation ratio of the SiGe layer is almost 0 %. Due to annealing the tensile strain is partially relaxed by creating additional trench-like roughness with the initially formed ridge roughness left unchanged. This comparative investigation of strain relieving defect formation provides quite useful information toward applications to strained SiGe-based optoelectronic and spintronic devices with enhanced performances.
(Invited) Enhanced Efficiency of AlInN Nanowire Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diodes Using Photonic Crystal Structures
Authors: Nguyen Hieu Pham Trung , Velpula Ravi Teja , Patel Moulik , Jain Barsha , Marangon Andressa
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we report on the enhanced light extraction efficiency (LEE) of AlInN nanowire ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (LEDs) at an emission wavelength of 283 nm using the surface passivation approach and hexagonal photonic crystal structures. Several dielectric materials including SiO2, Si3N4, HfO2, AlN, and BN, have been investigated as the surface passivation layer for the AlInN nanowire LEDs. The LEDs using these dielectric materials show significantly improved LEE compared to that of the unpassivated ultraviolet nanowire LEDs. With a 35nm Si3N4 as surface passivation, the AlInN LED could achieve a LEE of ~ 42.6%, while the unpassivated LED could only have an average LEE of ~ 25.2%. Moreover, the LEE of the AlInN nanowire LEDs could be further increased using hexagonal photonic crystal structures. The periodically arranged nanowire LED arrays could reach up to 63.4% which is almost two times higher compared to that of the random nanowire LEDs. Additionally, the AlInN nanowire ultraviolet LEDs exhibit highly transverse-magnetic polarized emission.
The Impact of Coating Defects on Water Transport in the Gas Diffusion Layer of PEM Fuel Cells
Authors: Herescu Alexandru
Published: September 2022

Present study suggests that the breakthrough pressure of a mixed-non-wetting (MNW) meniscus is highly sensitive to the extent of coating defects. On the other hand, the wetting meniscus breakthrough pressure showed little sensitivity to the geometry of the pore. Hydrophobic coatings such as PTFE are used to improve the water transport behaviour of the gas diffusion layer. Improved performance is typically associated with high breakthrough pressure, as evidenced by experiments. Simulations employing pores consider the influence of the pore geometry, and that of heterogeneous wetting and pinning conditions of the water droplets in contact with the GDL fibrous matrix. This model examines the water percolation behavior at pore level, the pore being defined as a contact line of an evolving droplet in contact with fibers. In contrast with the pores of a pore-network model, the pore-level model captures the evolution of a liquid-gas interface having both pinned and free contact line segments. The mixed-non-wetting behaviour is caused by the hydrophobic coating which allows parts of the meniscus contact line to deform freely in contact with the fibers, while other parts of the meniscus remain pinned due to coating defects. The MNW meniscus is critical to establishing a high breakthrough pressure and a small characteristic droplet volume. The influence of the coating defects is simulated by MNW menisci having various ratios of pinned-to-free contact line segments.
(Digital Presentation) Investigation of the Active Site on Rhodium Oxide for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Using In-Situ XAFS
Authors: Saida Takahiro , Niwa Etsuko , Igami Ryohei , Mashiyama Miyu
Published: September 2022

The quasi-steady-state current values and XANES spectra of Rh2O3　were investigated using the in-situ XAFS method to understand the adsorption state of oxygen molecules on the surface. It was suggested that the adsorption of oxygen molecules on the Rh2O3 surface was rapid in the low-potential region where the oxygen reduction reaction proceeds sufficiently. In addition, it was suggested that the adsorption state of oxygen molecules might be different from that of the high potential region where the oxygen reduction reaction did not proceed. XANES spectra also showed that the valence of Rh atoms in Rh2O3 remained high, independent of oxygen partial pressure.
Analysis of Hydrogen Feeding to the Anode of a PEMFC By a Transport Impedance Technique
Authors: Duque Luis , Molinero Antonio , Oller Juan Carlos , Barcala José Miguel , Folgado M. Antonia , Chaparro Antonio M
Published: September 2022

Transport properties in the anode of a PEMFC have been studied with an impedance technique that relates the hydrogen flow rate with the generated current, that we name current modulated hydrogen flow rate spectroscopy (CH2S). Measurements have been carried out under different experimental conditions, including inlet port characteristics, dc current, active area size, gas diffusion electrode type, and water saturation in the electrodes. The Nyquist plots show at least two kinetic processes with different time characteristics, related with anode architecture and/or gas diffusion electrode transport properties. The possibility to use CH2S to study mass transport properties of the gas diffusion electrodes is explored.
(Digital Presentation) Effect of Compression Pressure on Water Removal and Power Generation Performance of PEFC with Modified Electrode/Channel Structure
Authors: Kaneko Reiya , Furukawa Tatsuki , Nishida Kosuke
Published: September 2022

To prevent the water flooding in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs), it is essential to investigate the water transport in cathode diffusion media of operating cells and design the optimum electrode/channel structure for encouraging the water discharge. Our research group has proposed a hybrid structure with the electrode perforation and channel hydrophilization. This study directly visualized the water distribution in the cathode gas diffusion layer (GDL) of a customized PEFC using X-ray radiography and characterized the cell performance under the constant-current operations. Furthermore, the influence of compression pressure on the water behavior in the perforated GDL and the performance characteristics of the customized cell was examined. It was found that the modified electrode/channel structure enhances the water discharge from the diffusion media and effectively reduces the water saturation around the penetration groove. The excessive mechanical compression of the customized cell suppresses the water removal through the diffusion media.
Effects of Partially Narrowed Flow Channel on Performance of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell
Authors: Ma Yulei , Gyoten Hisaaki , Kageyama Miho , Kawase Motoaki
Published: September 2022

Partially narrowed flow channel, which is employed in polymer electrolyte fuel cell in second-generation MIRAI aiming at forcing the gas to dive into gas diffusion layer (GDL), is supposed to improve the mass transfer in both in-plane and through-plane directions. In this study, a numerical investigation on varied flow fields have been carried out by CFD techniques via OpenFOAM and verified experimentally. Around 12.6 % of gas dives into the GDL in 4.4 cm2 flow field with 33 narrowed structures at 500 cm3/min flow rate, thus the average oxygen concentration on the catalyst layer surface increases 17.5 %. Furthermore, the Venturi effect in neat-arranged pattern is unbeneficial for the oxygen transfer, while the pressure difference between neighboring channels enhances the mass transfer under the rib in staggered pattern. A promising improvement of the performance of the partially narrowed channels can be expected by optimizing the geometries and the operating conditions.
(Digital Presentation) Development of Composite Graphite Plate with Multiple Functional Layers for Pemfc
Authors: Fan Runlin , Zheng Junsheng , Chen Jing , Peng Yuhang
Published: September 2022

The bipolar plate is an important component of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and composite graphite bipolar plates (CGBPs) have attracted interest due to competitive benefits. However, their mechanical and electrical qualities are insufficient to meet the PEMFC's standards. In this study, a structural design of CGBPs with different functional layers was proposed. The surface layer was molded graphite plate with resin infiltration treatment, and the middle layer was a carbon fiber fabric (CFF) as a reinforcing functional layer. The results showed that the surface layer prepared from flake graphite possessed denser structure, leading to higher airtightness and structural strength. The addition of carbon nanotube or graphene nanoplate could enhance the combination between CFF and resin observably, making CGBPs possessed an in-plane conductivity of 446 S/cm, an area specific resistance of 6.4 mΩ·cm2, a flexural strength of 72 MPa, and a Helium permeability of around 4.4×10-6 std cm3/cm2·s.
Dynamic Water Transport through the Perfluorinated Sulfonic-Acid Membrane
Authors: Kageyama Miho , Lu Kai , Nakamichi Kimiyo , Kawase Motoaki
Published: September 2022

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) is essential material for the proton transport in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC). Since relative humidity (RH) in a cell affects the effective proton conductivity and the effective oxygen diffusivity through the catalyst layer as well as the proton conductivity, the electroosmotic drag coefficient, the effective diffusivity of water, and the gas permeances of the PEM, water behavior which determines relative humidity is important. To estimate the PEFC performance over time, the dynamic change in the moisture content of the PEM is needed to know. In this study, the PEM is considered to consist of a bulk layer and skin layers on both sides of the bulk layer. The bulk layer effective diffusion coefficient and the skin layer water transfer coefficient were formulated from the experimental results measured by the steady-state permeation method and the unsteady-state sorption and desorption method.
(Invited) Electroreduction of Nitrogen to Ammonia at Iron Catalytic Sites Generated at Interfaces Utilizing Iron Phosphides and Heme-Type Complexes
Authors: Kulesza Pawel J. , Rytelewska Beata , Rutkowska Iwona A. , Sobkowicz Karolina , Chmielnicka Anna , Chouki Takwa , Emin Saim
Published: September 2022

There has been growing interest in the development of durable, specific and reasonably efficient low-cost catalysts for nitrogen (N2) electroreduction reaction, or nitrogen fixation, particularly in aqueous solutions capable of producing ammonia under ambient, or near ambient, conditions. The successful electrocatalytic reduction of nitrogen (N2) and formation of NH3 in alkaline an medium has been reported here using the Fe3P phase of iron phosphide. Detection of in-situ formed product has been achieved by probing the electrooxidation of NH3 to nitrogen (N2) using the additional working electrode modified with Pt nanoparticles. On mechanistic grounds, the iron (Fe0) sites seem to be electrocatalytic active during the reduction of nitrogen. The iron sites can also be generated within the phtalocyanine ring binding metal ions through four inwardly projecting nitrogen centers. Furthermore, horseradish peroxidase metalloenzyme, in which a large alpha-helical protein binds heme as a redox cofactor, is capable of inducing electroduction of N2.
Physicochemical Characterization of Sulfonate-Based Phosphonium Ionic Liquids
Authors: Tsunashima Katsuhiko , Hasegawa Shun , Okuno Yoshiharu , Yamada Hirohisa
Published: September 2022

A new series of phosphonium-based room-temperature ionic liquids containing various sulfonate-based anions was prepared and physicochemically characterized. Although the tetra-n-butylphosphonium salts having alkanesulfonate anions showed relatively high melting points forming the crystalline solids, the phosphonium salts together with amino- and hydroxy-substituted alkanesulfonate anions were viscous liquids at room temperature. Such phosphonium ionic liquids exhibited the relatively high density, the high viscosity and the low conductivity when compared to the conventional phosphonium-based ionic liquids. The phosphonium salts showed higher thermal stability than the corresponding ammonium salts.
Electrolytic Separation of Iodine from LiCl–KCl–LiBr–LiI Melt and Recovery of Iodine Gas with Copper
Authors: Norikawa Yutaro , Iizuka Masatoshi , Nohira Toshiyuki
Published: September 2022

The separation and recovery of iodine from LiCl–KCl–LiBr–LiI melt was investigated at 723 K. Cyclic voltammograms at a glass-like carbon electrode showed that I2 gas generates at more negative potential compared with Cl2 and Br2 gases. Potentiostatic electrolysis for I2 gas generation was conducted at glassy carbon and Au electrodes, where the generated I2 gas was collected by a Cu mesh placed at the top of the cell. XRD confirmed that the Cu mesh changed to CuI. At a glass-like carbon electrode, recovery efficiencies of iodine were 64% and 97% at 3.2 V and 3.3 V vs. Li+/Li, respectively. The recovery efficiency at an Au electrode was 93%. However, a part of the Au electrode dissolved into the melt. Finally, a continuous recovery method was proposed, in which the generated I2 gas was recovered by several independently recoverable Cu meshes packed in a borosilicate gas outlet tube.
Electrodeposition of Nickel From an Amide-Type Ionic Liquid Under a Magnetic Field
Authors: Katayama Yasushi , Manabe Yuina , Serizawa Nobuyuki
Published: September 2022

Electrodeposition of nickel was investigated in an amide-type ionic liquid, 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) amide (BMPTFSA) containing Ni(TFSA)2 under a external magnetic field. The onset potential of cathodic reduction of Ni(II) with a magnetic field was more positive than that without the magnet field. Ni nanowires were deposited by potentiostatic cathodic reduction with the magnetic field, indicating the magnetic field influence not only the electrode kinetics of the magnetic species but also the morphology of the ferromagnetic metal.
(Digital Presentation) Creation of Composite Materials “Refractory Metal Carbide – Carbon Fiber” in Molten Salts and Study Their Electrical Double Layer in Hydrogen Peroxide and Sodium Sulfate Solutions
Authors: Romaniuk Maksim S , Dolmatov Vladimir S , Kirillova Ekaterina V
Published: September 2022

NbC/C, TaC/C, and Mo2C/C composites were synthesized by the electrochemical method of currentless transfer in molten salts containing compounds of these refractory metals. The electrical double layer formed in solutions of sodium sulfate Na2SO4 and hydrogen peroxide H2O2 on the composite material "refractory metal carbide-carbon fiber" has been studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
Structured 3D Printed Dry ECG Electrodes Using Copper Based Filament
Authors: Alsharif Aljawharah , Cucuri Nataly , Dakhaikh Leena , Al-Modaf Fhad , El-Atab Nazek
Published: September 2022

Commercial Silver and Silver Chloride (Ag/AgCl) wet electrodes are used to monitor electrocardiogram (ECG) signals in numerous bioimpedance applications. These electrodes are single-use components that irritate the skin during the replacement and removal of electrodes, making the process uncomfortable for the patient. This study introduces the use of a copper-based filament with the highest reported conductivity (0.006 Ω.cm) in biomedical applications, showcasing the process parameters of 3D printed, semi-flexible and wearable dry electrodes to monitor ECG signals. The effect of the printing-process parameters on the electrical performance is thoroughly investigated (10 parameters and >100 electrode samples) to find the printed electrodes’ highest conductivity and lowest impedance. The results showed the concentric and flat dry electrode structures of Tbed = 80 °C and Tnozzle = 140 and 150 °C with the best performance, confirming that different electrode structures and printing parameters significantly influence electrodes' functionality, conductivity, and impedance measurements.
NLRP3 Inflammasome Simultaneously Involved in Autophagy and Phagocytosis of THP-1 Cells to Clear Aged Erythrocytes
Authors: Li Qin , Zhao Fengyong , Zhang Jiamin , Yang Ying , Guo Zhonghui , Wang Chen , Yang Qixiu , Sun Ying , Zhu Ziyan
Published: September 2022

Autophagy and phagocytosis are two important processes that capture and digest materials found in cellular interiors and exteriors, respectively. Aged red blood cells (RBCs) are cleared by phagocytes in vivo. We focused on determining whether autophagy occurs after phagocytes swallow sunset erythrocytes, and whether the degree of autophagy is related to scavenging ability of phagocytes to erythrocytes. In addition, the ability of NLR family pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome to regulate erythrocyte clearance by phagocytes and its association with autophagy-related protein 16-like protein 1 (ATG16L1) are confirmed. We constructed a stable and low-NLRP3 expression THP-1 cell line using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The analysis of erythrocyte clearance and autophagy of THP-1 cells with low NLRP3 expression showed that autophagy changes together when THP-1 engulfs aged RBCs. The occurrence of autophagy was dominated by microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3- (LC3-) associated phagocytosis accompanied by canonical autophagy. A negative correlation exists between the clearance of RBCs by THP-1 cells and the degree of autophagy. Downregulating the expression of NLRP3 in THP-1 cells can simultaneously inhibit the scavenging ability of THP-1 to erythrocytes and the degree of autophagy. In addition, the autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin A1 (BafA1) can enhance the phagocytosis ability of THP-1 to erythrocytes and promote the NLRP3 activation in THP-1 cells, while the autophagy inducer rapamycin inhibits the phagocytosis ability of THP-1 to RBCs and downregulates the NLRP3 activation. Results showed that autophagy and phagocytosis may be dynamic balance processes that can provide sufficient nutrition and energy to cells. Choosing NLRP3 as a target may regulate the phagocytic ability and the degree of autophagy in the meantime. These findings may be a potential strategy for regulating the clearance rate of phagocytes to aged RBCs and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines to ensure transfusion safety.
Glial-Plug Proliferation after Inverted Internal Limiting Membrane Flap Technique for Idiopathic Macular Hole
Authors: Cisiecki Sławomir , Bonińska Karolina , Dybek Tomasz , Bednarski Maciej
Published: September 2022

Purpose. This study aimed to analyze the effect of multiple folded internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap in the inverted ILM flap technique on postoperative outcomes of patients with full-thickness macular hole (FTMH). Methods. This retrospective study included 41 eyes of 41 patients with FTMH treated with vitrectomy using the inverted ILM flap technique. Complete ophthalmic examination was performed preoperatively, at 1 week, and at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after surgery. Results. Postoperative SD-OCT confirmed macular hole (MH) closure in all patients. The mean BCVA improved from 0.7 LogMAR (20/100) preoperatively to 0.5 LogMAR (20/63) postoperatively. In two cases, 7 days after vitrectomy, flap closure was noted. At the final visit after 12 months, the following foveal contours were noted: 14 U-shape (34.1%), 12 irregular (W-shape) (29.3%), and 6 V-shape (14.6%). We observed a type of “plug closure” in 9 (22%) eyes in which hyperproliferation was noted in one eye. Conclusions. The surgeons should be aware of potential hyperproliferation on the retinal surface after the multi-layered flap technique.
Study on the Effect of Straw Mulching on Farmland Soil Water
Authors: Zhang Jin-Xia
Published: September 2022

Straw mulching farming is currently an effective dry farming technique for improving arid soil environments. Straw mulching technology can increase the infiltration capacity of soil water and improve crop yield and water use efficiency. In this study, the aim is to improve the soil water holding capacity, water retaining capacity, and comprehensive water use efficiency of crops in dry farmland. First, the response surface model is used to study and analyse the optimal parameters of straw returning and its mulching technology, and then, the crop yield, water consumption, and comprehensive water use efficiency of spring corn under different mulching conditions during 2017‐2019 are studied. The test results show that the optimized parameters obtained by the response surface model are as follows: film thickness is 0.03 mm, straw returning amount is 4500 kg/hm2, straw particle size is 5 mm, and straw returning depth is 25 mm. At this time, the maximum soil water storage can reach 404.50 mm. The results of the straw mulching test show that under 4500 kg/hm2 mulching, the soil has more water storage, higher soil water content, and a simultaneous increase in water consumption, which is conducive to the efficient use of limited precipitation by crops. The field experiment for three years shows that 4500 kg/hm2 straw (wheat) mulching in the dry farming area of southern Ningxia can better store water and protect soil moisture, promote the virtuous cycle of farmland soil water, and show outstanding performance in improving corn yield and water use efficiency, which can be popularized and implemented in spring corn production in this area.
Treatment of Misophonia with Risperidone in a Patient with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Pan Eric J. , Weleff Jeremy , Anand Akhil , Barnett Brian S.
Published: September 2022

We report the case of a 32-year-old male with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suffering from severe misophonia. After titrating risperidone to 2 mg twice a day, the patient reported a significant reduction in his symptoms and his Amsterdam misophonia scale-revised (AMISOS-R) score dropped by from 31 to 5. Upon discharge, the patient was noted to have decreased irritability and overall improved behavior and effect. This significant symptomatic improvement was likely not explained by inpatient admission alone or other simultaneous pharmacologic treatments, as the effect was seen during an isolated titration of risperidone with other treatments remaining constant. Although, unfortunately, follow-up findings indicated that the treatment was not curative for the patient, risperidone’s potential for treating misophonia may warrant systematic investigation.
Blind Image Inpainting with Mixture Noise Using

ℓ

0

and Total Regularization
Authors: Xu Xiaowei , Geng Shiqi
Published: September 2022

The blind image inpainting problem need to be handle when faced with a large number of images, especially medical images in medical health. For the proposed nonconvex sparse optimization model, a proximal based alternating direction method of multipliers (PADMM) method is designed to solve the problem. Firstly,

ℓ

0

sparse regularization is imposed to the binary mask since the missing pixels are sparse in our experiments. Secondly, the total variation term is utilized to describe the underlying clean image. Finally,

ℓ

2

regularization of the fidelity term is used to solve the given blind inpainting problem. Experiments show that this method has better performance than traditional method, and could deal with the blind image inpainting problem.
Study on the Behaviors and Mechanism of Ni(II) Adsorption at the Hydroxyapatite-Water Interface: Effect of Particle Size
Authors: Zhao Xiaolan , Wu Wangsuo , Pan Duoqiang , Wu Hanyu
Published: September 2022

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) was a highly efficient decontamination material for its strong adsorption capacity used in the immobilization of heavy metals, while the particle-size effect was insufficiently investigated during the sorption process. In the present study, the mechanisms of nickel (Ni(II)) adsorption on HAPs with two different particle sizes were investigated by combing batch experiments, desorption, and XRD analysis. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of 20 nm HAP (nano-HAP) was much higher than that of 12  μm HAP (micro-HAP). It was noticed that the results of the present study also clarified the distinct mechanisms in each adsorption process. As for micro-HAP, Ni2+ adsorbed through slow diffusion and replacement with Ca2+ and then incorporated in the lattice at pH between 6.5 and 9.0, which was confirmed by the results of kinetics, thermodynamics, and desorption. And a more compact crystalline structure and irreversible desorption behavior of micro-HAP after Ni(II) adsorption was confirmed by results of XRD and desorption isotherms, respectively. At [Formula: see text], lattice incorporation and precipitation controlled together. However, for nano-HAP, the sharp increase of Ni(II) adsorption and ionic strength dependent at pH 6.5 to 9.0 revealed that the dominant mechanisms were ionic exchange and inner-sphere complexation. XRD results showed that characteristic peaks of cassidyite appeared in Ni(II)-loading nano-HAP. At [Formula: see text], a precipitate of Ni(II) was the dominant mechanism. The experimental finds demonstrated that nanoscale HAP was a more fast, efficient, and desorbable adsorbent than micro-HAP for Ni(II) removal. These findings would be favorable for investigating the removal mechanisms of heavy metals on the HAP materials and designing the synthesis methods.
Updated Meta-Analysis Assessing Effects of Baduanjin on Cardiopulmonary Functions of Patients with Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Wang Dongsheng , Xu Jun
Published: September 2022

Background. Baduanjin is a kind of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, but its effect on the cardiac rehabilitation (CR) of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) is controversial. Furthermore, the small sample size of a single study and the inconsistent selection of evaluation indicators among different studies all promote the necessity of conducting a meta-analysis. Objective. This meta-analysis aims to explore whether Baduanjin can effectively improve the cardiopulmonary function in patients with CHD and to assess the extrapolation of the results. Methods. Both English and Chinese databases were used for literature retrieval. The Cochrane Collaboration tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included literature. A weighted mean difference and a 95% confidence interval were used to assess the effects of Baduanjin on cardiopulmonary function based on multiple CR indicators. Cochran’s Q and I2 tests were used for the heterogeneity test. A funnel plot and an Egger test were used to evaluate publication bias. Results. After literature retrieval, a total of 12 literature papers were included in this meta-analysis, but their methodological quality was unsatisfactory. By comparing differences between CHD patients with and without Baduanjin, we found that levels of 6MWT, LVEF, NT-proBNP, VO2, peak VO2, MVV, and VE, AT were significantly improved in the experimental group, but heterogeneity exists among included studies. Results of subgroup analyses were consistent with combined estimates and suggested a significant effect of Baduanjin on LVEF. The Egger test indicated no significant publication bias. Conclusion. Baduanjin is beneficial to CR in CHD patients, but multiple region-based high-quality studies are necessary to verify the results.
The Improved Unified Power Quality Conditioner with the Modular Multilevel Converter for Power Quality Improvement
Authors: Thentral T. M. Thamizh , Palanisamy R. , Usha S. , Vishnuram Pradeep , Bajaj Mohit , Sharma Naveen Kumar , Khan Baseem , Kamel Salah
Published: September 2022

Nowadays, researchers focus on the modular multilevel converter (MMC), due to its modularity structure, effective sharing of voltages among the submodule switches, and betterment in the quality of the voltage and current waveforms. First, the conventional unified power quality conditioner is developed with two level voltage source converters connected back-to-back, which are proposed to mitigate both the voltage and current related power quality problems. Later, to improve the performances (voltage sag, swell, current harmonics, etc.) of the conventional method, multilevel inverters are used. In this paper, a modified unified power quality conditioner based on a modular multilevel converter is implemented to mitigate the voltage and current related power quality issues. The design of the MMC is very simple with a modular structure, and it also improves the performance of the system compared to the conventional methods. In this proposed topology, the voltage related compensation is implemented with a seven-level MMC, and the current compensation is achieved with a reduced four switch voltage source inverter. The developed system is simulated in the MATLAB platform, and results are validated by hardware implementation with a FPGA controller. It is observed that the developed system has less % of total harmonic distortion and reduction in voltage sag as per the prescribed IEEE 519–2014 standards and practices.
[Retracted] Comparative Analysis of Volleyball Serve Action Based on Human Posture Estimation
Authors: Zhou Bo , Saeed Omer
Published: September 2022

Serving is one of the most crucial techniques in volleyball. Serving is a method that does not require team interaction and is difficult for the opponent to immediately interfere with. The feature migration module with a fixed offset is suggested in this work. This module can be thought of as a cross‐channel dilated convolution approximation of dilated convolution. The reason cross‐channel dilated convolution is not worse than standard dilated convolution with few parameters is discussed in this article. An improved random forest model is put forth to address the issue of the human pose estimation system’s high memory consumption when utilizing random forest as the classifier. This model presents the Poisson process and incorporates it with the depth data to create a filter before using Bootstrap sampling. In order to optimize and reconstruct the training dataset, a portion of the feature sample points that do not contribute positively to subsequent classification is removed from the original training dataset. This allows the training dataset to better account for the repeated sampling of the random forest during the sampling process. Resampling has some drawbacks, but they are not very representative. The effectiveness of the optimization model, which significantly lowers the system’s time and space complexity and increases the system’s applicability, is demonstrated by experiments.
Coordinated Planning of Power Grids in Information Parks considering the Time-Space Transfer Characteristics of Data Center Loads
Authors: Wang Tianlin , Chen Peidong , Cao Huazhen , Gao Chong , Liang Yu , Cao Yi
Published: September 2022

With the development of green energy, the penetration rate of new energy in the power grid is rising rapidly. Incorporating a large amount of new energy into the power grid will affect the power supply balance of the power grid, and even in severe cases will affect the safe and stable operation of the power grid. The information park has various small and medium data centers. The adjustable load of the data center can be transferred in time and space through the optical fiber and other communication networks, which can enhance the controllability of the power grid to a certain extent and promote the consumption of new energy. This paper proposes a collaborative planning method for information parks that considers the temporal and spatial transfer characteristics of data center loads, builds a load transfer model for data centers and builds a park power grid expansion model with the goal of minimizing the total cost of construction and operation. In this paper, an example of a park is used to verify the calculation example, and it is compared with other schemes to verify the feasibility of the method in this paper.
Correlation of Clinicopathological Factors with Brain Tumor-Related Epilepsy in Glioma
Authors: Wang Zengliang , Yang Wensheng , Wang Yongxin , Aili Yirizhati , Wang Zhitao , Wang Quanyi , Jiang Shunli , Zhang Guangning , Zhang Junchen , Li Bo
Published: September 2022

Objectives. Glioma patients with brain tumor-related epilepsy (BTRE) have a complex profile due to the simultaneous presence of two pathologies, glioma and epilepsy; however, they have not traditionally received as much attention as those with more malignant brain tumors. The underlying pathophysiology of brain tumor-related epilepsy remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible correlation between molecular neuropathology and glioma with BTRE and a wide range of BTRE-associated molecular markers of glioma patients. Methods. A retrospective cohort study of 186 glioma patients was evaluated at our hospital, of which 64 had BTRE. The chi-square test, Spearman rank correlation, and multivariate logistic analyses were used to identify clinicopathological factors associated with BTRE in glioma patients. Results. Of the 186 patients examined in this study, 64 (34.4%) had BTRE. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of these patients, the results showed that patient age (over 40 years;

P
=
0.007

), low WHO grade (grade I, II;

P
=
0.001

), IDH-1 positive mutation (

P
=
0.027

), low ATR-X expression level (

OR
=
0.44

; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.92), and low Ki-67 PI (

OR
=
0.25

; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.68) were associated with the occurrence of BTRE. In our cohort, BTRE patients did not differ by sex, tumor location, or expression of olig-2 and CD34. The results of the matching study showed that low Ki-67 PI and negative ATR-X expression levels were independent factors for a higher incidence of preoperative seizures in glioma patients. Conclusion. The current study updates existing information on genetic markers in gliomas with BTRE and explores the correlation of a wide range of clinicopathological factors and glioma patients with BTRE and suggests three putative biomarkers for BTRE: positive IDH1 mutation, low Ki-67 PI, and negative ATR-X expression. These factors may provide insights for developing a more thorough understanding of the pathogenesis of epilepsy and effective treatment strategies aimed at seizure control.
Cuproptosis Combined with lncRNAs Predicts the Prognosis and Immune Microenvironment of Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhang Liangping , Zhang Yujun , Bao Jianhang , Gao Wenshuo , Wang Dong , Pan Hao
Published: September 2022

Breast cancer (BC), the most common cancer in women, is caused by the uncontrolled proliferation of mammary epithelial cells under the action of a variety of carcinogenic factors. Cuproptosis-related targets have been found to be closely associated with breast cancer development. TCGA obtained 1226 tumor samples, 1073 clinical data, and 37 lncRNAs during univariate Cox multivariate analysis. We used nonnegative matrix factoring (NMF) agglomeration to spot thirty-three potential molecular subsets with totally different cuproptosis-related lncRNA expression patterns. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) formula and variable Cox multivariate analysis were not used to construct the best prognostic model. The variations in neoplasm mutation burden and factor gene ontology (GO) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) within the high- and low-risk teams were analyzed, and therefore, the potential mechanism of the development of carcinoma was analyzed. We created a prognostic profile consisting of nineteen cuproptosis-related genes (NFE2L2, LIPT1, LIPT2, DLD, etc.) and their connected targets. The correlation between tumor mutational burden (TMB) and clinical manifestations of tumors demonstrates the importance of high- and low-expression bunch data on the incidence of clinical manifestations of tumors. The area under the curve (AUC) shows moderate prophetic power for copper mortality. GO enrichment analysis showed that immunorelated responses were enriched. Correlation analysis of immune cells showed that pathology could play an important role in the prevalence and prognosis of tumors, and there were variations in immune cells between the probable and low-risk groups. Our study suggests that the prognostic characteristic genes associated with cuproptosis can be used as new biomarkers to predict the prognosis of breast cancer patients. In addition, we found that immunotherapy may play a key role in breast cancer treatment regimens. Levels of immune-associated cells and pathways vary significantly among risk groups of breast cancer patients.
Identification of Survival-Related Genes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Based on Cytogenetically Normal AML Samples Using Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis
Authors: Chen Tingting , Zhang Juan , Wang Yinying , Zhou Hebing
Published: September 2022

The prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a challenge. In this study, we applied the weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) to find survival-specific genes in AML based on 42 adult CN-AML samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Eighteen hub genes (ABCA13, ANXA3, ARG1, BTNL8, C11orf42, CEACAM1, CEACAM3, CHI3L1, CRISP2, CYP4F3, GPR84, HP, LTF, MMP8, OLR1, PADI2, RGL4, and RILPL1) were found to be related to AML patient survival time. We then compared the hub gene expression levels between AML peripheral blood (PB) samples (

n
=
162

) and control healthy whole blood samples (

n
=
337

). Seventeen of the hub genes showed lower expression levels in AML PB samples. The gene expression analysis was also done among AML BM (bone marrow) samples of different stages: diagnosis (

n
=
142

), posttreatment (

n
=
42

), and recurrent (

n
=
12

) stages. The results showed a significant increase of ANXA3, CEACM1, RGL4, RILPL1, and HP in posttreatment samples compared to diagnosis and/or recurrent samples. Transcription factor (TF) prediction of the hub genes suggested LTF as the top hit, overlapping 10 hub genes, while LTF itself is just one of the hub genes. Also, 3671 correlation links were shown between 128 mRNAs and 209 lncRNAs found in survival time-related modules. Generally, we identified candidate mRNA biomarkers based on CN-AML data which can be extensively used in AML prognosis. In addition, we mapped their potential regulatory mechanisms with correlated lncRNAs, providing new insights into potential targets for therapies in AML.
Optimization and Validation of ELISA for Aflatoxin B1 Detection in Fermented Forages and Feeds
Authors: Horváth Enikő , Pusztahelyi Tünde , Adácsi Cintia , Tanyi Ervin , Pócsi István
Published: September 2022

Enzyme-coupled immunosorbent assays (ELISA) methods are usually validated only for homogenous matrixes like corn and wheat. More complex materials like fermented forages and mixed feed are not targeted for mycotoxin measurement. The low number of ELISA methods found in the literature neither contained the pH set for fermented forages nor dealt with the setting of the matrix:solvent ratio. The sample preparation of these matrixes needs to be optimized and validated for aflatoxin B1 analysis from fermented forages (corn silage and rye haylage) and mixed feed for Romer AgraQuant® Aflatoxin B1 ELISA (Romer Labs, Austria). Drying and pH adjustment of fermented forages had high importance before mycotoxin extraction. Because of the matrix swelling, the 1 : 5 ratio of the sample/extraction solute should have been increased to 1 : 8 to gain the highest aflatoxin B1 recovery. The accuracy and repeatability of the analysis were tested and found to be suitable for further application.
Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using Deep Neural Networks and Binary Particle Swarm Optimization on Histopathological Images: An AIoMT Approach
Authors: Deif Mohanad A. , Attar Hani , Amer Ayman , Elhaty Ismail A. , Khosravi Mohammad R. , Solyman Ahmed A. A.
Published: September 2022

Overall prediction of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) remains inadequate, as more than half of patients with oral cavity cancer are detected at later stages. It is generally accepted that the differential diagnosis of OCSCC is usually difficult and requires expertise and experience. Diagnosis from biopsy tissue is a complex process, and it is slow, costly, and prone to human error. To overcome these problems, a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) approach was proposed in this work. A dataset comprising two categories, normal epithelium of the oral cavity (NEOR) and squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity (OSCC), was used. Feature extraction was performed from this dataset using four deep learning (DL) models (VGG16, AlexNet, ResNet50, and Inception V3) to realize artificial intelligence of medial things (AIoMT). Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) was used to select the best features. The effects of Reinhard stain normalization on performance were also investigated. After the best features were extracted and selected, they were classified using the XGBoost. The best classification accuracy of 96.3% was obtained when using Inception V3 with BPSO. This approach significantly contributes to improving the diagnostic efficiency of OCSCC patients using histopathological images while reducing diagnostic costs.
An Internet of Things (IoT)-Based Optimization to Enhance Security in Healthcare Applications
Authors: Al Shahrani Ali M. , Rizwan Ali , Sánchez-Chero Manuel , Rosas-Prado Carmen Elvira , Salazar Elmer Bagner , Awad Nancy Awadallah
Published: September 2022

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network that connects a large number of items. Each thing uses sensors to create and gather data from its surroundings and then sends to other objects or a central database through a channel. Keeping and transforming this created data is one of the most difficult tasks in IoT today, and it is one of the top worries of all enterprises that deploy IoT technology. Sensing equipment together with communication, storing, and display devices get benefit from technological advancements in the healthcare sector. Moreover, medical parameters and postoperative days require close observation. Therefore, the most cutting-edge approach to healthcare communication is adopted, which makes use of the Internet of Things (IoT). We can use the Internet of Things to speed changes in the healthcare environment, such as enhancing patient involvement and outcomes and shifting healthcare from reactive to proactive accessibility. Nonetheless, the growth of IoT exposes healthcare practitioners and their patients to new vulnerabilities, risks, and security concerns. However, there is currently a scarcity of research on how to improve IoT security in healthcare. Existing studies tend to concentrate only on the installation of IoT peripherals in a healthcare setting and to include a secure application solution. Because healthcare data and information are extremely sensitive, it is critical to have a secure health IoT application in place. As the IoT gets more widely used in healthcare, there will inevitably be more instances of sensitive patient information being made public. This paper proposes an optimized hashing algorithm with digital certificates to enhance the security. Initially, the health data are collected and preprocessed using normalization. The data are then stored in the IoT device. Here, the digital certificates are used for authentication purpose. The proposed discrete decision tree hashing algorithm (DDTHA) with ant colony optimization (ACO) hashes the unsigned digital certificates. The blowfish algorithm is used for encryption, and the signed digital certificate is obtained which is used for authentication purpose. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated and compared with conventional methodologies to prove the efficiency of the system.