bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Turmeric-Based Lozenges for the Prevention of Postoperative Sore Throat in Surgeries Done Under Laryngeal Mask Airway Insertion
Authors: Naseem Shehla , Gupta Divya , Koshyari Harish
Published: September 2022

Context:

Sore throat is a common complaint to both laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion and endotracheal tube intubation. Its incidence in LMA has been found to vary between 5.8% and 34%. Administration of medicated lozenges in the preoperative period is also a route available for the prevention of postoperative sore throat (POST).

Aim:

The aim of this double-blinded randomized controlled study was to evaluate the efficacy of turmeric-based lozenges given preoperatively in patients undergoing general anesthesia (GA) under LMA insertion for the prevention of POST.

Settings and Design:

This study was conducted at the Department of Anaesthesiology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Rama Nagar, Dehradun, over a period of 12 months.

Subjects and Methods:

Two hundred and fifty patients of the American Society of Anesthesiologists classes I and II posted for elective surgeries under GA with insertion of LMA were included in our study. Randomization was done by the sealed envelope technique. Turmeric extract with menthol and eucalyptus oil lozenges was given in Group A (n = 125), while plain turmeric extract with orange flavor lozenges was given in Group B (n = 125) 30 min preoperatively. The patients were assessed for POST in the recovery room post-LMA removal at 30 min, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h.

Statistical Analysis:

The data were analyzed using Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and Student's t-test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

The turmeric lozenges containing 6.4 mg eucalyptus oil and 6.3 mg menthol oil along with turmeric extract 100 mg significantly reduced the incidence of POST across all time intervals (P < 0.05) as compared to orange-flavored plain turmeric lozenges containing turmeric extract 100 mg.

Conclusions:

POST was reduced with preoperatively administered eucalyptus oil and menthol oil containing turmeric lozenges.
From Visuality to Action: Traces of Ekphrasis in John Guare's Six Degrees of Separation
Authors: ÇELİK Nurten
Published: September 2022

John Guare’s renowned play Six Degrees of Separation (1990) exposes the protagonist Paul’s endeavour to assert his identity and find a place, by creating false identities, in the world of high-class individuals which is bounded by class, race, and sexual orientation. In delineating his journey into modern American culture, John Guare employs Kandinsky’s double-sided painting along with many other artistic devices such as flashbacks, flashforwards, cross-cutting, and different narrative techniques. Kandinsky’s painting, which dominates the stage with its slow movement, mirrors the varied aspects of social life where the characters hold no enduring and steady connection with reality. This painting also projects the emotional and psychological dilemma of the characters in the social life where they lose their sense of humanity and moral ideals. In this respect, this paper intends to explore how Kandinsky’s ideas of art and his double-sided painting constitute the quintessence of the play, reflecting the materialism of decadent contemporary society and its emotional and psychological impacts on the characters.
“Games” using old photographs in the time of the pandemic: Archival photographs in museum education
Authors: Szalbot Magdalena
Published: September 2022

The purpose of the article is to show what knowledge on the ludic culture of Cieszyn Silesian residents at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries can be obtained through the resources of the Photography Section of the Museum of Cieszyn Silesia. The project required both preliminary research and an analysis of archival photographs. The research questions regarded the usefulness of old photographs depicting past games in the preparation of both online and offline museum classes on the local cultural heritage. In the article, the author discusses photographs documenting past toys and pastimes, divided into 10 thematic groups, and presents outlines of lesson scripts as well as other museum activities prepared on their basis. The research conducted during the lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic required netnographic methods and the analysis of historical sources, while the application of methods of design thinking made it possible to prepare scripts of museum classes.
Efficient Adsorptive Performance of Graphene Oxide by Nano Clay
Authors: Yu Wenjie , Qian Biao , Lv Beifeng , Kang Haibo , Jiang Ping , Wang Wei , Li Na
Published: September 2022

Research regarding the use of Nano clay to remove toxic GO (Graphene oxide) from wastewater was limited. Through a variety of characterization techniques and methods, the adsorption performance and mechanism of Nano clay for GO were systematically studied. The related effects of solution pH, temperature, adsorbent dose, and GO concentration were studied in detail. The results show that the aggregation and deposition of GO on Nano clay depends on the pH value of the solution and the type and concentration of the electrolyte, and the isotherm data fits well with the Langmuir equation. Under the best conditions (pH=3.0), the maximum removal rate is 97.8% (C0=60 mg·L-1), and the adsorption capacity is 245.8 mg.g-1 (C0=80 mg.L-1, T=303K, equilibrium time=24 h, m=10 mg). Specifically, the dissolution of Nano clay at a relatively low pH or a high pH value helps the aggregation of GO. The results of this study provide key information for predicting the fate of GO in the land-water transition zone where Nano clay exists.
Time Series Simulation and Forecasting of Air Quality Using In-situ and Satellite-Based Observations Over an Urban Region
Authors: Choudhary A. , Kumar P. , Sahu S. K. , Pradhan C. , Singh S. K. , Gašparović M. , Shukla A. , Singh A. K.
Published: September 2022

Air quality is directly associated with the health of society. So, it becomes essential to forecast air pollution, which assumes an imperative part in air pollution warnings and control. A time-series simulation approach was adapted for the forecasting of monthly mean ambient air pollutants (PM2.5, O3, NO2) concentration and Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) at an urban traffic site (Mathura Road, CSIR-CRRI) in New Delhi, India. Satellite-based aerosol loading (AOD550) retrieved from the Terra MODIS (Collection 6) enhanced Deep Blue (DB) algorithm was used for further analysis. The analysis considered the average monthly mean concentration of air pollutants and AOD between 2012-2017 and, simulates the concentrations of PM2.5, O3, NO2, and AOD for the same period and then forecasts air quality for the years 2020-2023. The forecasted results were validated with 24 months of in-situ and satellite data from 2018-to and 2019. In the year 2020, observed and simulated results are in lower agreement due to the shutdown of anthropogenic activities to combat pandemic situations. Otherwise, modeled and forecasted results are in good harmony with the in-situ and satellite observations. The results also signify that the time series Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) modeling approach can be an effective and simple tool for air pollution simulation and future forecast. The results are evocative concerning the forecast of near future aerosol loading information and will also be profound to address the problems.
Primary Sewage Sludge Treatment Using A Spiral Support System
Authors: Río-Galván C. P. Del , Hernández-León R.C. , Franco-Hernández M.O. , Meléndez-Estrada J.
Published: September 2022

Sewage sludge (wastewater treatment solids) is an organic and nutrient resource that is generated during wastewater treatment and is utilized as biosolids in landfills, fertilizer, or compost it requires treatment to reduce the microbial load and the concentration of organic matter and pollutants such as metals. Aerobic digestion has been used for the stabilization of sewage sludge, and the use of biodiscs has been limited to primary sewage rather than sewage sludge. Therefore, this paper shows that the primary sewage sludge from a previously sonicated municipal sewage treatment plant can be stabilized using a spiral support biodisc, which is shown to be an effective mechanism with which to reduce the concentration of pathogenic microorganisms in residual sludge and also reduce the concentration of organic carbon, ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), and soluble phosphorus. The experimental results using the spiral support biodisc are better compared to those using the conventional biodisc.
Isolation, Identification and Characterization of Novel Azo Dye Degrading Bacteria from the Industrial Effluents of Raipur City, Chhattisgarh
Authors: Rajwade Deepali , Jaiswal Sadhana , Baghel Vinit Singh , Kumar Hemant
Published: September 2022

Various chromophores are used to make our day-to-day life colorful. Dyes that are used at a large scale are made using these chromophores. The dyes, especially azo dyes are recalcitrant to the degradation due to the presence of aromatic rings in their structure. Several methods have been developed to reduce the harmful impacts of these dyes on the environment. However, none of the processes is safe and fully effective. In this study, we used bacteria as a bioremediation agent and optimized the various parameters for the bacteria to degrade the dye at its maximum ability. It was found that the isolated bacteria were Aneurinibacillus sp. and it completely decolorized methyl orange at a concentration of 20 mg.L-1 after 4 days of incubation. The optimum pH for the functioning of bacteria was 5 and the activity decreased as the pH increased. It was also observed that the addition of glucose and yeast extract increased the dye degradation significantly.
Comparative Analysis of Compost Quality Produced from Fungal Consortia and Rice Straw by Varying C/N Ratio and its Effect on Germination of Vigna radiata
Authors: Khyalia Pradeep , Dangi Jyoti , Barapatre Sheetal , Dhania Geeta , J.S.Laura J.S. , Nandal Meenakshi
Published: September 2022

Composting is considered to be one of the best methods for handling organic waste. It is a natural process and takes months to give quality mature compost. Characteristics of initial wastes and process conditions are the compost maturity deciding factors. Some biological inoculants, e.g., bacteria and fungi, can reduce the compost time and improve its quality. This research is based on the hypothesis that using fungus consortia on rice straw will boost the activities of microbes and, as a result, the rate of composting. The hypothesis was tested by preparing compost using rice straw residue with and without the applications of fungal consortia. Fungal consortia of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Aspergillus terreus cellulose-degrading strains along with Pusa-1121 rice variety were used for the study. Different C/N ratios were achieved by varying rice straw, green leaves, poultry droppings, and fungal inoculant proportions. During various stages of composting, changes in total nitrogen, organic carbon, C/N ratios, and other parameters were calculated. The germination index of Mung beans (Vigna radiata) was used to measure the quality of the completed compost extract. Statistical analysis with the help of a two-tailed independent t-test at the confidence level of 95% was applied to determine the statistical difference between the treatments and control. It has been found that the Seed Germination index of treatment C/N 30 was 91.5% and that of C/N 26 was 79.1% which were significantly (p<0.01) different from the 54% GI of control.
Survival Study on Different Water Quality Prediction Methods Using Machine Learning
Authors: Kalaivanan K. , Vellingiri J.
Published: September 2022

Water quality analysis is an emergency approach in today’s world because people cannot survive without it. As a result of urbanization, industrialization, agricultural practices, and human behavior, water quality analysis have numerous issues in today’s world. Manually visiting the water collection station, collecting water samples, analyzing in the lab, feeding data into a database, and so on are all challenges in the water quality analysis processing. Artificial learning model technologies will be used to tackle these challenges. The variety of machine learning approaches to water quality analysis has resulted in a diversity of creation and implementation methods. The study examines artificial intelligence’s advancement in water quality prediction from different angles ANN, FUZZY, SVM, and other AI models. The review investigated 40 articles between 2008 and 2020. Groundwater, ponds, lakes, and rivers all water resources were all included in the survey method. The findings of the survey will be used to guide the future study.
Comprehensive Modeling of Seasonal Variation of Surface Ozone Over Southern Tropical City, Bengaluru, India
Authors: Dhanya G. , Pranesha T. S. , Nagaraja Kamsali , Chate D. M. , Beig G.
Published: September 2022

Surface ozone (O3) is an important pollutant. In this study we investigated the effects of precursor gases on the difference in ozone concentration utilizing various statistical methods like Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Principal Component Regression (PCR), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Principal Component and Artificial Neural Network (PC-ANN) in conjunction with meteorological parameters for forecasting. The pollutants ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and the meteorological parameters temperature (temp), relative humidity (RH), solar radiation (SR), wind speed (WS) and wind direction (WD) observed during 2019 are taken as inputs for MLR, PCR, ANN, and PCANN. The mathematical models obtained from the numerical analysis showed that O3 concentration was significantly affected by the CO, NO, NO2, NOX, temp, RH, SR, WS, and WD factors. PCR model’s regression coefficient was lower than the MLR model, but the same for ANN and PCANN models was much better in all the seasons than the linear models such as MLR and PCR. The efficiency of all methods is inspected using several performance metrics.
Application of Geo-electrical Methods for Estimating Water Infiltration in Soils
Authors: Hossain Kaizar , Anees Mohd Talha , Abu Baker Ahmad Farid Bin , Ali Khan Mohammad Muqtada , Khalil Amin E. , Ishola K. S. , K. Abdullah , M. N. Mohd Nawawi , A. K. Mohd. Omar
Published: September 2022

In this study, an alternative approach was applied for the characterization of the subsurface geological conditions to estimate the hydrological parameters in the absence of subsurface soil data. The study revealed that the hydrological parameters, estimated from the Transient Electromagnetic (TEM) and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), were significantly correlated with in situ data. Overall estimated infiltration rate (below 20 inches/h) predicted fine-grained soil was also associated with in situ data. A high correlation among the bulk electrical resistivity, porosity, and the resistivity of the pore fluid thereby confirmed the relevance of Archie’s law used in this study. Furthermore, results showed that both TEM and ERT are vital tools for hydrological parameter estimation.
Итоги IV всероссийского элитологического конгресса с международным участием (Ростов, Астрахань, Таганрог, Пятигорск, 2022 г.)
Authors: Akopov Grigory L. , Ponedelkov Alexander V.
Published: September 2022

В марте 2022 г. в Ростове состоялся очередной IV Всероссийский элитологический конгресс с международным участием. Он прошел как в очном, так и в заочном формате и собрал более 200 участников. Общей темой этого научного мероприятия стала проблема трансформации элиты и власти в условиях развивающейся цифровой системы. Конгресс стал заметным событием в современной отечественной научной мысли, объединив представителей различных общественных и гуманитарных наук. Анализу итогов этого научного саммита и посвящено настоящее сообщение.
Межконфессиональный диалог и его элитологическое измерение
Authors: Glazkov Alexander P.
Published: September 2022

В статье, опираясь на философское понимание диалога, предпринимается попытка рассмотреть особенность межконфессионального диалога с позиции элитологического подхода. Признается, что ведущей темой межконфессионального диалога является установление взаимопонимания и сотрудничества. Диалог между конфессиями обеспечивает весь спектр отношений нерелигиозного характера, который касается культурных отношений и социальных связей.

Суть межконфессионального диалога – встреча различных конфессий и согласование позиций по проблемным вопросам жизнедеятельности общества. Эти позиции обусловлены религиозными установками конфессий. Диалог – это встреча, во время которой происходит выяснение общих взглядов на вызовы и проблемы, с которыми сталкиваются конфессиональные организации, на какие совместные действия можно рассчитывать в будущем, устанавливается межконфессиональное согласие. Таким образом происходит гармонизация межконфессиональных отношений, согласование правил общежития, основанных на равенстве и справедливом отношении друг к другу. Согласовать позиции и выработать общее понимание проблем. В этом смысле межконфессиональный диалог может рассматриваться как фактор укрепления целостности и единства социума.Один из мотивов межконфессионального диалога – узнать положения и ценности другой религии, соотнести их со своими и определить их соотношение и последствия, такие как религиозно-духовные, культурные, социальные, политические. В соответствии с анализом этих последствий выстраиваются дальнейшие отношения. Диалог является эффективным средством профилактики и разрешения межконфессиональных конфликтов. Как правило, конфликтная ситуация в меконфессиональных отношениях выстраивается по схеме «свой-чужой». Достижение согласия между конфессиями, которое обеспечивается близостью основных нравственных и духовных религиозных ценностей, устанавливает мир в обществе и определяет возможные сферы сотрудничества.

По религиозным вопросам, вопросам вероисповедания, диалог внутри страны между конфессиями должен быть направлен не на сближение догматов, а на их разъяснение. В статье подчеркивается высокая роль и значение элит в установлении межконфессионального диалога. Задача элиты сохранить в неизменном виде суть собственных религиозных воззрений и вместе с тем создать ситуацию мира и сотрудничества по реальным социальным проблемам.
Креативный класс как новая современная элита: к вопросу о понятиях
Authors: Khlyshcheva Elena V.
Published: September 2022

Во второй половине XX века происходят изменения в социальной структуре общества, которое вступило в постиндустриальную эру. Исчезли классы в их классическом понимании, но появились новые социально-экономически обусловленные группы (страты). Информационная эпоха приносит новую стратификацию общества и зарождение креативного класса, которому предназначено играть ведущую роль в преобразовании окружающего мира.

Имея своими характеристиками творческий потенциал и умение нетрадиционно решать существующие проблемы, такой класс должен взять на себя функцию элиты. Одновременно под влиянием процессов глобализации, иммиграции, маргинализации и цифровизации изменяется структура рабочей силы: отмечается увеличение доли прекариата - временных работников, фрилансеров, работников «на удаленке», при снижении их социальной защищенности и компетентности. Само появление прекариата представляет собой существенную проблему.

Наблюдается значительное отличие представлений о роли креативного класса в западном мире от отношения к данному феномену в России, где креативные личности связываются скорее с хипстерами или оппозиционными движениями.

Действительно ли креативный класс является новой элитой или это более обеспеченная, но такая же незащищенная часть прекариата – тема представленной статьи.
Творчество как мотивационный ресурс для развития культурной элиты в России
Authors: Gainutdinova Ekaterina V.
Published: September 2022

Общество всегда нуждается в тех личностях, которые поднимаются выше существующих проблем и становятся тем позитивным ориентиром для других, благодаря наличию высокоморальных качеств, способных расширить границы восприятия и понимания обычных вещей и создающих созидательную творческую среду, где свобода реализации творческого потенциала способствует развитию самой личности, так и тех, кто стремится быть похожим на нее.

Актуальность заданной тематики обусловлена, в первую очередь тем, что сейчас, как никогда, общество нуждается в тех ресурсах, которые способны сохранить его целостность, и целостность личностей, его составляющих. В этой связи возникает необходимость говорить о том, как творческое начало в человеке создает предпосылки для активного развития элитарного мышления, благодаря которому формируется тот слой в обществе, который представляет собой культурную элиту – тех людей, кто достигает авторитета посредством внутренних ресурсов. Данные ресурсы аккумулируются в высокодуховный ценностный потенциал, интеллектуальные возможности, жизненный и профессиональный опыт, -все то, что способствует созданию целостной личности, которая становится примером для всех остальных без редукции к внешним атрибутам успешности, получая свою актуализацию в условиях доминирующего синергетического миропонимания, когда непредсказуемость творимого хаоса вынуждает искать возможности для общеорганизационных основ сохранения целостности как таковой.

Цель данной статьи заключается в рассмотрении творчества как мотивационного ресурса, способствующего развитию культурной элиты в России.
Моральное творчество как созидание достойной жизни в философии римских стоиков
Authors: Mironov Andrey V.
Published: September 2022

Гражданская заинтересованность в позитивном преобразовании социума напрямую связана с ценностной ориентации индивида. Самостоятельно выбранная мировоззренческая модель утверждается в форме устойчивых поведенческих приоритетов, мотивирующая личностный рост через социальное участие. Моральное творчество – один из ракурсов духовной жизни человека, в котором зеркально отражается доминанты общественных настроений. Поиск альтернативных схем нравственного регулирования отношений с другими может служить показателем социальной нестабильности. Конфигурация эмоциональных порывов и рациональных рассуждений формирует систему личностных векторов самосовершенствования, направленных на удовлетворение индивидуальной потребности в устойчивых ценностных основаниях жизнедеятельности. Отстраненность от общезначимых задач социума становится результатов расхождения в понимании сущностных целей личности. Созидание новых моральных учений, их обусловленность, механизм реализации, баланс индивидуальных и общественных интересов требует детального анализа и научного внимания.
Элитология творчества: миры саморазвивающихся личностей
Authors: Karabushenko Paul L.
Published: September 2022

У творчества есть описанное в Библии начало, но у него нет обозримого историей конца. Куда бы мы ни кинули свой взгляд, всюду видим следы творческой деятельности человека. Творчество есть неотъемлемая способность разума к самореализации и до тех пор, пока существует человеческий разум, будет существовать и само его творчество. Творчество есть великая сила, постоянно созидающая человека. Поэтому роль творчества в истории человечества трудно переоценить. Всю историю человеческого рода следует разделять на дотворческую, когда он еще не был человеком и творческую, когда он таковым уже стал. Как сила, творчество носит абсолютный характер - там, где оно есть, никто и ничто ему не может противостоять.

В наибольшей мере творческая сила проявляется в культурной элите, для субъектов которой она является смыслом её жизни. Именно в поисках этого смысла и существует творческое начало в человеке. Как раздел большой элитологии, элитология творчества исследует проблемы, связанные с мирами саморазвивающихся личностей; творчеством великих деятелей культуры (науки, искусства, религии); процессом создания элитных ценностей, которые делают наш мир лучше, приближая нас к совершенству. Все эти проблемы и составляют научный профиль настоящей работы, в которой автор придерживается элито-персоналистического подхода в оценке роли творчества во всемирной истории человечества.
The Cyber Forensics and The Ipc Laws For Cyber Criminal’s
Authors: Jaiswal Shivam , Patil Harshali
Published: September 2022

Our lives have become increasingly dependent on computers. We do things differently because of them. Cybercrime is steadily rising as a result. Criminal activity has become a global phenomenon, and criminals have realized that, to continue their criminal activity, they must keep up with the times. The need to determine precisely what happened is therefore critical. A technique known as "cyber forensics" can aid this process. The global phenomenon has been impacted by Cybercriminals that have adapted more advanced tools and tactics. Anti-forensic techniques are also being used by these attackers to disguise evidence of cybercrime. . Cybercrime refers to the crimes/offenses committed online. Cyber law was introduced to stop or punish cyber criminals. As a branch of law, cyber-law focuses on cyberspace, the Internet, and legal issues.
Optimized Analysis of Information Security in Big Data
Authors: Chaturvedi Vaishnavi , Banubakode Abhijit
Published: September 2022

Today’s Business activities , there is a lot of data in a company so risk factor is high so we have to manage the risk with the help Information Security in Big Data. It used to protect information and survey processes. One of the most critical functions of big data security is to secure data against attacks, theft, and other malicious activities that can cause harm. our important data. In this paper we focus that how we can secure of data or information by data mining in Big Data.
Unpacking modified idiomatic expressions in Kenyan political discourse: A cognitive linguistic perspective
Authors: Ouma Ogal George , Kiruji Kirigia Eliud , Ondara Ntabo Victor ,   Laikipia University, Kenya
Published: September 2022

Political discourse employs colorful expressions to establish strong relationships with the audience. Speakers or writers exploit the relationship between human language and socio-political experiences to initiate creative discourses through modification of expressions. Against this background, this study sets out to investigate the meaning of modified idiomatic expressions in Kenyan political discourse. The study has two objectives: to describe the structural and lexical modification of idiomatic expressions and to interpret the modified forms using vital relations. The study employs descriptive research design. The study randomly sampled ten idioms used during the 2017 General Elections and used content analysis to establish the lexical and structural relationships between the canonical and modified expressions. The idioms were analyzed using the Conceptual Integration Theory to preserve the link between two expressions and account for the emergent meaning. The study found that Kenyan political discourse achieves figurative competencies through modified idioms. Interpretation of modified idioms requires a thorough understanding of vital relations and pragmatic inferences. Further, Cognitive Linguistics establishes backstage cognition and supplies the elements omitted by grammar. The study concludes that modified idiomatic expressions achieve contextual significance. Consumers of modified idiomatic expressions should immerse themselves in the socio-political backgrounds to unmask the emergent meaning.
The use of Google forms as supplementary learning material for the ESP class.
Authors: Chirobocea-Tudor Olivia
Published: September 2022

The use of digital tools in the teaching of languages has increased exponentially during the pandemic due to the imposed online teaching measure or what has become known as remote emergency teaching. Such tools have proved very efficient in diversifying class activities as well as in engaging students more and increasing their motivation. They have also triggered teachers’ imagination and inspired them to propose and develop a wide range of uses for these tools. Google Forms is one such platform that is easily accessible and can be employed for various purposes within a language class or outside it as extra material. This article explores the potential of this tool as a helpful supplement for the ESP class, with focus on vocabulary acquisition, consolidation and revision, spelling and correct equivalence of specialized terminology between L1 and L2, as well as grammar. The platform can be used both in online classes and face-to-face classes, therefore it is a universal tool, regardless of how education is organized. A wide variety of practice activities can be developed in order to facilitate active learning, improve students’ engagement in the discipline and motivate them to enhance their knowledge.
The potential of contrastive analysis in the study of discourse
Authors: Kostova Boryana ,   Varna Free University
Published: September 2022

The article focuses on contemporary trends in contrastive studies. As a point of departure the nature, history and evolution of contrastive linguistics are examined. Contrastive linguistics is viewed in relation to other disciplines such as comparative linguistics, comparative historical linguistics, linguistic typology, theory of translation, and foreign language teaching. Any aspect of language may be covered in cross-linguistic studies which involve a systematic comparison of two or more languages both at micro-linguistic and macro-linguistic level. The current trends are identified in terms of macro-linguistic widening of contrastive analysis which is applied in studies of specialized discourses such as media, political and academic communication. The findings are based on a small-scale research of contrastive studies published in Contrastive Linguistics, the oldest international journal for contrastive linguistics. By conducting quantitative and qualitative analysis and employing a diachronic approach conclusions are drawn about the need for the contrastive approach at macro-level, the type of linguistic phenomena studied and the preferred methods of contrastive analysis within a period of forty-six years. The findings show that there is only a slight increase in macro-linguistic analyses in recent years, but contrastive analysis remains a vibrant area of research with a potential for development at discourse level in particular and implications for intercultural understanding and tolerance.
Der kommunale Finanzausgleich für die ausgeglichene Staatsentwicklung
Authors:   National Public Law Review, Kim Dongkyun
Published: September 2022

Die ausgeglichene Staatsentwicklung kann nur verwirklicht werden, wenn die ausreichende Finanz- und Verwaltungskompetenz der Kommunen gewährleistet sind, um regionale Entwicklungspolitiken zu fördern, die den örtlichen Gegebenheiten und den Bedürfnissen der Einwohner entsprechen. Mit anderen Worten sind die verfassungsrechtliche Garantie der Selbstverwaltung und die Dezentralisierung die Voraussetzungen für die ausgeglichene Staatsentwicklung.
Von der Einführung der kommunalen Selbstverwaltung bis zur Gegenwart gehen die Diskussionen über die Selbstverwaltung davon aus, dass die Zentralregierung relativ starke Kompetenzen hat. Insbesondere in finanzieller Hinsicht können die Kommunen wegen der unzureichenden Kompetenz auf Steuereinnahmen eigene Politiken zur regionalen Entwicklung nicht selbst entscheiden und umsetzen. Außerdem sollten für die ausgeglichene Staatsentwicklung ausreichende finanzielle Kompetenz für alle Kommunen gewährleistet werden. Die Finanzkraft zwischen den Kommunen ist jedoch sehr unterschiedlich.
Derzeit gibt es in Südkorea verschiedene Finanzausgleichssysteme für die Ergänzung der kommunalen Finanzkraft und den Ausgleich der unterschiedlichen Finanzkraft zwischen den Kommunen. Dazu gehören die regionalen Zuteilungssteuer und der regionale Entwicklungsfonds. Es ist auch zu erwarten, dass kommunale Finanzkraft und unterschiedliche Finanzkraft zwischen den Kommunen durch den Fonds für die Kommunen mit geringer Einwohnerzahl ergänzt und ausgeglichen werden können.
Es stellt sich jedoch die Frage, ob der kommunale Finanzausgleich seine wesentliche Funktion erfüllt. Beispielweise ist bei der regionalen Zuteilungssteuer fraglich, ob ihre wesentliche Funktion getreu erfüllt wird. Denn bei der Verteilung der regionalen Zuteilungssteuer werden finanzkraftunabhängige Faktoren berücksichtigt. Es soll vielmehr diskutiert werden, ob der Staat die regionale Zuteilungssteuer als Mittel zur Kontrolle der Kommunen nutzen könnte. Freilich findet sich ein horizontaler Finanzausgleich(Entwicklungsfonds) in Südkorea. Jedoch hat der Entwicklungsfonds eine Grenze, die sich aus der Form des Fonds ergibt. Der Entwicklungsfonds reicht außerdem nicht aus, um die unterschiedlichen Finanzkraft zwischen den Kommunen auszugleichen, und seine Laufzeit ist begrenzt. Dies gilt auch für den Fonds für die Kommunen mit geringer Einwohnerzahl. Eine Grenze besteht ferner darin, dass es schwerig ist, organische Beziehung zwischen den Finanzausgleichssystemen abzuleiten, weil jeweilige Finanzausgleichssysteme in verschiedenen Gesetze geregelt sind und einzeln disskutiert werden.
Conceptual principles of the green technologies introduction in the logistics activities of Ukrainian companies in the context of the implementation of European environmental programs
Authors: Sergiy Grytsenko , Lidiia Savchenko , Serhii Kryshtal
Published: September 2022

The article reveals the essence of the conceptual approach to "green" technologies in the logistics activities of enterprises. The concept of "green" technologies has been clarified as technologies that use environmentally safe production processes and supply chains in comparison with the production methods traditionally used at enterprises. The role and opportunities of Ukrainian environmental logistics in the European Green Deal have been studied. It has been established that the European Green Deal is a program of the European Union aimed at protecting the climate and the environment. This program is aimed at making the economies of the European Union countries more resource-efficient, canceling greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 and separating economic growth from the use of natural resources. Currently, Ukraine is only planning to join the European Green Deal, declaring in the National Economic Strategy the intention to achieve climate neutrality by 2060. The state and general trends of the development of strategic logistics infrastructure projects of Ukraine in the context of the implementation of the Green Deal and Digital Europe programs are analyzed. The Europian Green Deal is a dynamic instrument that is at the stage of formation. The purpose of the article is the development of theoretical and methodological foundations, applied recommendations regarding the prospects of "green" technologies in the logistics activities of Ukrainian enterprises: their concepts and features of implementation within the framework of the European Green Deal and Digital Europe programs, "European Union for the Environment" (EU4Environment), development of sustainable logistics in Ukraine, features of application in specific logistics processes, problems and prospects, logistics strategy of Ukrainian enterprises. The process of applying "green" technologies in supply chain management is analyzed. In the logistics chain, processes related to supply, production, warehousing, transportation and distribution are involved, therefore, logistics activities are focused not only on the internal business processes of the enterprise, but also have a significant impact on the environment and contribute to the emergence of negative environmental consequences. In connection with the above, the concept of "green" (sustainable) supply chains, which provides for a minimal harmful impact on the environment during the implementation of logistics business processes, has recently become widespread.
Dinamika Putusan Pengadilan Dalam Penyelsaian Sengketa Hak Asuh Anak Pasca Perceraian
Authors: Kusmardani Alex , Kho'siah Siah
Published: September 2022

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dasar keputusan hakim atas Putusan Perceraian dengan Pemberian Hak Asuh Anak kepada ayah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif preskriptif. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan negara dan pendekatan kasus. Teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum menggunakan teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum dengan pengkajian dokumen atau penelitian perpustakaan Hasil pertimbangan hakim dalam memutuskan perkara Pengadilan Agama Bogor dalam pertimbangan hukumnya terhadap perkara Nomor 0915/Pdt.G/2017/PA. Bgr mengenai penetapan hak asuh anak akibat perceraian, adalah bahwa majelis hakim berpendapat dan sejalan dengan kehendak undang-undang tentang perlindungan. anak-anak bahwa kewajiban merawat anak harus didasarkan pada kepentingan anak-anak dan bukan untuk kepentingan orang tua mereka. Sementara itu, dalam pelaksanaan penitipan anak dalam putusan Nomor: 361/K/Ag/2020 di Pengadilan Agama Cibinong dinyatakan gagal dalam pelaksanaannya, karena terdakwa sebagai pihak yang kalah tidak mau menyerahkan NK-nya secara sukarela dan terdakwa juga tidak kooperatif dalam perkara ini. Dalam perkara Junco Nomor: 361/K/Ag/2020, penggugat sebagai pemenang dalam perkara tersebut masih belum mendapatkan haknya sebagai pemegang hak asuh anaknya, sehingga dalam hal ini putusan tersebut bersifat ilusi meskipun eksekusi telah melibatkan pihak yang berwenang
Hiperglicemia e resistência à insulina – o que precisamos saber para conduzir as doenças reumatológicas
Authors: Oliveira Rodrigo de , Gomes Patricia Moreira
Published: September 2022

Os imunomoduladores usados para tratar as doenças reumatológicas têm diversos efeitos em pacientes com diabetes, podendo piorar ou melhorar o controle glicêmico. A vigilância da glicemia em pacientes que iniciam tratamento com possíveis efeitos no metabolismo da glicose é indispensável, mesmo na ausência de diabetes. Nesta revisão abordaremos como as principais medicações utilizadas no tratamento das doenças reumatológicas podem interferir no metabolismo da glicose, bem como uma sugestão de avaliação e tratamento da hiperglicemia induzida pelos glicocorticoides.

Unitermos
Hiperglicemia. Diabetes. Imunomoduladores. Glicocorticoides.
Dve nové lokality pyromorfitu v Slovenskej republike: Chvojnica a Hnilčík
Authors: Števko Martin , Sejkora Jiří , Kuraj František , Rybárik Matej
Published: September 2022

Two new localities of pyromophite were recently discovered at the Chvojnica base metals occurrence in the Strážovské vrchy Mts. (Tatric Unit), and at the supergene zone of the Piata siderite-type hydrothermal vein near Hnilčík (Spišsko-gemerské rudohorie Mts., Gemeric Unit), Slovak Republic. At the Chvojnica occurrence pyromorphite occurs as bright green crystalline crusts and radial aggregates up to 3 mm developed in cavities and fractures in the porous quartz gangue with relicts of primary galena. It is associated with minor crystalline coatings of cerussite. The refined unit-cell parameters of pyromorphite from Chvojnica (for the hexagonal space group P63/m) are a 9.9750(2) Å, c 7.3569(2) Å and V 633.93(2) Å3. Except of dominant contents of Pb, P and Cl, only minor amounts of Ca (up to 0.10 apfu), Al (up to 0.05 apfu), Fe (up to 0.04 apfu), As (up to 0.05 apfu) and S (up to 0.02 apfu) were detected in studied pyromorphite. At the Hnilčík, pyromorphite occurs rarely in the cavities of the cavernous quartz-limonite gangue in the supergene zone of the Piata vein. It forms colourless to very light green prismatic crystals up to 2 mm in size, or crystalline aggregates associated with goethite, Mn oxides and malachite. The refined unit-cell parameters of pyromorphite from Hnilčík (for the hexagonal space group P63/m) are a 9.9484(15) Å, c 7.315(2) Å, V 627.0(2) Å3 (Ca-poor) and a 9.8983(6) Å, c 7.2589(8) Å, V 615.92(9) Å3 (Ca-rich). Pyromorphite from Hnilčík shows strong chemical zoning caused by variation of Pb and Ca contents, with outer parts of the crystals enriched in Ca. Contents of Ca are ranging between 0.09 to 0.96 apfu, with the atomic Pb/(Pb+Ca) ratio ranging from 0.98 to 0.81, which is close to the compositional boundary with phosphohedyphane. Interesting are also elevated concentrations of Cu reaching up to 0.07 apfu. Other minor elements detected in pyromorphite from Hnilčík are As (up to 0.12 apfu), Al, V and S (all up to 0.02 apfu).
Dachiardit-Ca, ferrierit-Mg a sprievodná zeolitová mineralizácia v dutinách chalcedónov na lokalitách Byšta, Brezina a Kuzmice (Slanské vrchy, Slovenská republika)
Authors: Myšľan Pavol , Števko Martin , Sejkora Jiří , Dolníček Zdeněk
Published: September 2022

An interesting zeolite association has been identified at the localities Byšta, Brezina and Kuzmice, consisting of mordenite, clinoptilolite-Ca, dachiardite-Ca and ferrierite-Mg. Dachiardite-Ca (from Byšta and Brezina) and ferrierite-Mg (from Brezina) represent first recorded occurrences in the Slovak Republic. Zeolite mineralization occurs as white to gray crystalline fillings in small chalcedony cavities and crusts, developed in strongly altered Miocene rhyolites (Byšta and Brezina) or silicified andesites (Kuzmice). Crystals of dachiardite-Ca have acicular shapes, and are grouped into the radial, spherical and sheaf-like aggregates. Their average size ranges about 1 - 3 mm. Dachiardite-Ca from Byšta and Brezina is monoclinic, space group C2/m with following unit-cell parameters refined from X-ray powder diffraction data: a 18.618(8), b 7.498(3), c 10.284(4) Å, β 108.36(3)o, V 1362.4(1.3) Å3 and a 18.616(12), b 7.492(5), c 10.271(6) Å, β 108.27(5)o, V 1360.2(2.0) Å3, respectively. Chemical analysis is corresponding to the average empirical formula (Ca1.12K0.78Na0.16)Σ3.52(Al3.52Si20.56O48)·13H2O for dachiardite-Ca from Byšta and (Ca1.37Na0.48K0.25Ba0.02Mg0.02)Σ3.65(Al3.65Si20.37O48)·13H2O for dachiardite-Ca from Brezina. Ferrierite-Mg from Brezina forms acicular crystals and spherical aggregates of average size up to 1 mm. It is orthorhombic, space group Immm with following unit-cell parameters refined from X-ray powder difraction data: a 19.084(4), b 14.151(2), c 7.4932(16) Å, V 2023.7(1) Å3. Chemical analysis of ferrierite-Mg is corresponding to the following average empirical formula: (Mg1.14Ca0.48Ba0.40K0.28Na0.16Fe0.01)Σ2.47(Al5.09 Si31.06O72)·20H2O. PXRD as well as quantitative chemical data for clinoptilolite-Ca and mordenite are also provided in this paper. The formation of studied zeolites is associated with post-magmatic fluids significantly enriched in Si, which likely circulated during the younger stages of Miocene volcanic activity in the Slanské vrchy Mts. Hydrothermal fluids were probably generated from Si-rich rocks, represented predominantly by rhyolites under low temperature conditions (120 - 250 °C).
Minerálne zloženie laminovaných vápnitých fylitov z Črmeľskej doliny pri Košiciach (severné gemerikum, Slovenská republika)
Authors: Ružička Peter , Myšľan Pavol
Published: September 2022

Studied calcareous phyllites represent a part of Carboniferous Črmeľ Formation of the Northern Gemericum Unit (Western Carpathians, Slovak Republic). The mineral association of calcareous phyllites is composed of quartz, calcite, muscovite, Mg-Fe chlorites, albite and accessory minerals (fluorapatite, titanite, zircon and tourmalines). Chemical composition of analyzed muscovites has higher contents of Si (3.38 - 3.40 apfu) with K (up to 0.94 apfu), Fe2+ (up to 0.18 apfu) and Mg (up to 0.33 apfu). Chlorites contain Mg in range 2.12 - 2.36 apfu and Fe2+ in range 2.12 - 2.36 apfu with Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratio between 0.49 and 0.54. Chemical composition of albites is Ab97.9-99.7 An1.9Or0.5. Content of F- (up to 0.07 apfu) and OH- (up to 0.07 apfu) in titanite is slightly increased with lower amount Ti (0.89 - 0.92 apfu). In titanites not very significant (Al, Fe3+) + (OH, F) ↔ Ti + O substitution was also identified. Zircon consists of Si (up to 1.04 apfu), Zr (up to 0.96 apfu) and very low content of Hf (up to 0.02 apfu). Two types of tourmalines in calcareous phyllites are also present. Zonal tourmalines with central parts composed of schorl (1.95 - 2.47 apfu Fe; 0.93 - 0.97 apfu Mg; 0.45 apfu Na) and peripheral parts composed of dravite (1.09 - 1.19 apfu Fe; 1.66 - 1.93 apfu Mg; Na up to 0.79 apfu) and indistinctly zoned to non-zoned tourmalines were identified as magnesio-foitite (1.01 - 1.34 apfu Fe; 1.23 - 1.70 apfu Mg; 0.52 - 0.67 pfu vacancy). Studies of calcareous phyllites indicated metamorphic pressure-temperature conditions of 8 - 9 kbar at 330 - 340 °C using chlorite geothermometer and phengite geobarometer.
Sľudy a chlority ako indikátory podmienok metamorfózy karbonátových hornín gelnickej skupiny južného gemerika (Slovenská republika)
Authors: Myšľan Pavol , Ružička Peter
Published: September 2022

Investigated metacarbonates are located in the Early Paleozoic rocks of Southern Gemericum unit, Slovakia. Metacarbonates are part of Vlachovo Formation (Tichá Voda, Stará Voda) and Bystrý potok Formation (Betliar, Čučma, Malá Hekerová, Smolník - Mária Terézia, Holec). Detailed studies indicated metamorphic pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions of 3 - 7 kbar at 330 - 370 °C for the Gelnica Group. The calculated P-T conditions were verified using chlorite geothermometer and phengite geobarometer. Mineral association of metacarbonates consists of Si rich (3.10 - 3.35 apfu) phengitic micas, Fe-Mg chlorites (clinochlore and chamosite), quartz, K-feldspars and accessory fluorapatite. Micas and Mg-Fe chlorites originated from metamorphic recrystallization of clay material with incorporations of basic pyroclastic material during the regional metamorphosis of pelitic protolith, which sedimented continuously with carbonates. Metacarbonates belong to the upper parts of Gelnica Group, which were metamorphosed under the greenschist facies conditions.