bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation on Urban Public Transit Operational Level of Service Based on Public Transportation Priority Strategy
Authors: Bian Yang , Zhao Lin , Rong Jian , Weng Jian Cheng
Published: December 2012

This paper started from the perspective of the implementation effect of public transportation priority development strategy, and studied on the evaluation of urban public transit operational level of service, then whether the strategy was well put into effect could be examined. On the basis of the existing research on the evaluation index of public transit operational level of service, this paper carried out a microscopic level of service evaluation on public transportation priority strategy. Then the effect of the strategy was analyzed from the level of passengers’ satisfaction. At last, the result of this strategy was examined by the increasing of proportion of the public transportation travelers. Finally, according to the establishment of the index system, it was analyzed respectively from the two aspects of objective and subjective with the combination of AHP and passenger satisfaction survey. Then the grade of urban public transit operational level of service could be obtained.
Influence Models of Urban Road Network Operation Performance Base on Spatial Autocorrelation Theory
Authors: Weng Jian Cheng , Zou Wen Jie , Rong Jian
Published: December 2012

In order to better identify the spatial influence between adjacent parts of road networks, the paper introduces the spatial autocorrelation theory in evaluating the operation performance of urban road networks. The research proposes several spatial correlation validation indicators to verify the spatial characteristics among the road networks. Based on the analysis of spatial characteristics, the relationship between operation performance and influencing factors under the impact of spatial effect is examined. Furthermore, a spatial autocorrelation based influence models at three traffic flow levels is developed by using the data from a partial urban road network in Beijing. The model analysis shows that the spatial autocorrelation model is more effective in analyzing the urban road network operation performance under the influence of various factors. This model will be beneficial in identifying traffic network problems and improving traffic operations of the urban road network.
Traffic Survey and Characters Analysis of Slow Traffic in Xi’an
Authors: Wang Qiu Ping , Hao Qi
Published: December 2012

The paper makes a slow traffic survey of Nan shao men and Li jia cun in Xi'an. According to the investigation data, the paper analyses the present situation of the two areas’ slow traffic travel characters, it mainly includes the based property of slow traffic, the travel purposes of slow traffic, the trip mode and the spatio-temporal characteristics of travel. The result shows that: the travel time of slow traffic in Xi’an is too concentrated, it is better to adjust the work time of the organizations or different departments through the macroscopic readjustment and control of the Government, so that they could work in separate period. Moreover , the regional distribution of travel is imbalance. In order to reduce the influence on traffic, it will be better to set the underpass or overpass in the area which has a large capacity of slow traffic. Finally the traffic system is lack of planning and management. It is more likely to enhance the awareness of observing traffic regulations and strengthen the penalties for the behaviors which break the rules of the slow traffic.
Multi-Body Dynamics Simulation and Finite Element Analysis of the Car’s Sub-Frame
Authors: Li Jian Min , Sun Chuan Yang , Yang Zhang Cheng , Yi Zu Xi
Published: December 2012

For the problem that car sub-frame constraint connection complex and effective load more difficult to determine, using finite element and multi-body dynamics ADAMS co-simulation method, Analyzed on a Volkswagen vehicle sub-frame, obtained the accurate load on the sub-frame which are used by engine suspension. The finite element analysis results show that engine load is the greatest impact on the sub-frame stress field, which can be reduced by increasing the area of engine and the sub-frame contacting, thereby prolong the life of sub-frame.
Technical Analysis on Relationships of Human Capital and Economic Growth
Authors: Yan Yu Xiao
Published: December 2012

Shanxi province has already made tremendous progress in economics, and human capital development in Shanxi province should be kept as before. This paper attends to analysis that human capital and economic growth is correlated positively in Shanxi province by analysis the data in 30 years before via technical aspect. Improvement per capita level of education, the proportion of higher education, the proportion of secondary and primary education to the population is conducive to economic development. The results of this paper show increasing proportion of the higher education population plays a greater role on economic growth in Shanxi Province.
Control Strategy of Vehicle Suspension Damping System Based on MATLAB
Authors: Men Yu Zhuo , Yu Hai Bo , Li Xian Sheng , Li Yue Wei
Published: December 2012

In order to study the impact of the suspension damping system on the vehicle riding stability, the PID controlling means for suspension damped neural network is presented, implementing a closed-loop control of yaw stability for vehicles. For the two typical working conditions of single lane changing and step steering, the MATLAB software is used for simulation. The result shows that controlling over the vehicle’s lateral deviation movement through suspension damper, it can reduce significantly the load transfers of both the left wheels and right wheels, so that to effectively restrain a vehicle’s over-steering.
Study on Optimization of the Diesel Engine Controlling Parameters Based on Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Luo Qing Guo , Liu Hong Bin , Ma Qiang
Published: December 2012

The diesel engine simulation model build by the GT-POWER software was tested and verified. The advance angle of injection, the opening angle of intake valve and the opening angle of exhaust valve was calculated to get the virtual test sample of diesel engine running under the rated condition. The optimization model was built based on the genetic algorithm, and three parameters were optimized aimed at the economic efficiency under the constraint of the maximum pressure in cylinder and the exhaust temperature; the error between the optimization and the simulation result was below 3%.
On the Dynamic Characteristics of Swinging Damaged Rectangular Vessels - An Analysis Employing Collaborative Simulation Based on MATLAB/FLUENT
Authors: Li Ang , Pu Jin Yun , Hou Yue
Published: December 2012

The existing stability evaluation methods of damaged vessels fell short of the consideration of the turbulent characteristics. Based on the analysis of the coupled relation of the damaged rectangular vessels’ stability and the water dynamic characteristics under different stages, collaborative simulations were made with the aid of MATLAB and FLUENT. Results show that: (1) the swing significantly hinders the turbulent; when the swinging amplitude is comparatively small, its impact is weakened accordingly. (2) When the swinging amplitude increases, in phase , backflow emerges. (3) When the swing frequency is high, an extremum appeared in phase , whose value is determined by the biggest swing angular acceleration.
Landing Performance Optimization Algorithm of Civil Aircrafts
Authors: Chen Hong Ying , Luo Wen Tian
Published: December 2012

This paper explains and demonstrates how to calculate and optimize landing performance. According regulation requirement, it needs to consider the different requirements [1], including landing field length, missed approach climb gradient, brake energy and tire speed. Weights limited by the different requirements are calculated, the minimum of these weights limited are determined as the actual allowed maximum landing weight.
Discussion on Basic Modes of CBD Construction in Regional Central Cities in China – A Case Study of Chengdu
Authors: He Min , Zhang Wan Yi
Published: December 2012

This paper starts from the analysis of CBD concept, characteristics and impact on habitat environment to study and learn successful experience of CBD at home and abroad, aims at the related basic conditions of Chengdu, a regional central city to engage in discussion about Chengdu CBD building from the development positioning, planning concepts , transportation, construction, comprehensive facilities, landscape, human environment and other aspects so as to explore a CBD building path suitable for development of regional central cities in China.
The Effect of Icing of Sea Spray on Ship Structure in Ice Zone
Authors: Yang Fu Ming , Zhang Ai Feng
Published: December 2012

This paper is quoted from empirical equation of accumulating icing by sea sprays to analyze its sport mode and calculate the accumulation amount and distribution of 80000 DWT bulk carriers. It also analyzes the effect of sea spray and icing to the ship structure in ice zone, which reinforces to know the danger of icing. Therefore, this paper has a significant influence and reference value for evaluating the hull strength of ice zone going ships.
Architecture and Environmental Sustainability: Critical Issues in Vernacular Kampong of Bena, Flores
Authors: Susetyarto Martinus , Budihardjo E. , Pangarsa G. W. , Hardiman G.
Published: December 2012

The word of sustainability has acquired great importance due to the negative impact of various developments on the environment. The rapid developments in rural and urban area during the last decade have been accompanied by active construction which sometimes neglected the impact on the natural environment and human activities. One of the impacts of developments is occurred on the traditional heritage area, as the vernacular architecture of kampong of Bena, Flores, which has not been taken into consideration although the latter represents a rich resource for sustainable building practices. The study aims at examining these developments in the vernacular kampong of Bena, Flores by using an assessment tool that measures the performance of buildings in terms of their sustainability. This study attempts to: (a) develop a comprehensive definition of sustainability to suit the (indigenous) people needs; (b) classify sustainable building practices at local and regional levels; and (c) establish guidelines for future sustainable architecture. Results illustrate that average energy use in contemporary buildings is high and traditional buildings showed less sustainable measures in terms of energy features, energy performance and environmental features. Issues considered in the assessment of buildings such as energy use per square meter and CO2 emission are alarming. Traditional buildings in the vernacular kampongs of Flores were more sustainable than contemporary buildings.
Flight Separation Research Based on the Aircraft Wake
Authors: Pan Wei Jun , Li Jia Yu
Published: December 2012

Improving airspace and runway utilization is the key to reducing flight delays with the rapid development of the air transport industry. Current flight separation standards generally take excessive interval margin, resulting in unnecessary waste of airspace resources and runway resources. Wake accidents still happended even with strictly wake separation standards compliance, which is mainly due to the imperfect separation standards affected by the wake complexity and modeling imperfections. Refering to Chinese and international main wake models, we propose to improve the existing wake standard, usage of modern wake separation systems and dynamic wake detection strategy with automated judgment method. Purpose is reducing flight delays and improving the utilization of the airspace and runway on the basis of keeping safety.
Game Model Solution of Aircraft Deicing Operation Scheduling Based on Shapley Value
Authors: Xing Zhi Wei , Ren Zhun , Tang Guang Qun
Published: December 2012

The aircraft deicing process is discussed to establish the airlines cooperative game model. The characteristic function and the core of the airlines coalition game model are analyzed, and then the solution of the model is proposed based on Shapley value. Finally, the result of the simulation shows that the cooperative game model motivates the cooperative action. The algorithm based on the Shapley value can meet both individual rationality and collectivity rationality. The results show the distribution is more reasonable and better.
Improvement of Thermal Characteristic of Vehicle Cabin Roof for Energy Saving Purpose
Authors: Lan N.V. , Chen C.R. , Chou H.M.
Published: December 2012

Heat flow from the roof together with radiation through glass windows obviously contributes in the total heat gained of a vehicle cabin. The contribution is more significant especially hot and sunny weather with little wind. This paper presents a new design for vehicle roofing structure in order to improve its total thermal resistance. Its main concept is to utilize phase change material properties to first trap the heat from solar radiation and then release it back to the environment by means of the naturally favored external convection when the vehicle is in use or during the nocturnal cycle. Experimental and numerical analyses have been conducted to compare the thermal performance of the new design and the normal roofing with different colors. A general mathematic equation system has been derived for the thermal process through the roof. The results show that the new design could effectively reduce the downward heat flow from the roof into the cabin. As a consequence, the cooling load of the cabin could be significantly lower.
The Application Design of Wireless Network in Networking Communication of EV Charging Spot
Authors: Zhou Bin , Hui Qi
Published: December 2012

With the rapid development of electronic vehicle, AC charging spot is applied widely as a main charging type of electronic vehicle. A project of wireless communication network is given according to the characteristics of AC charging spot, and this project solves the problems when using industrial field bus. The network structure is given in this paper with design schemes of hardware protocol and software. A test network has been structured and the project of this paper is proved viable.
Analysis and Forecast of the Arable Land Resource and Food Production Safety in Anhui Province
Authors: Su Hai Min , He Ai Xia
Published: December 2012

The total dynamic changes of the cultivated land and food production from 1990 to 2010 in Anhui Province were analyzed using the statistic data and minimum cultivated land per capita and pressure index on cultivated land were calculated based on cultivated land, food production and population. At the same time, adopting GM(1,1) model, per capita cultivated land area, minimum cultivated land per capita and pressure index on cultivated land were forecasted in the future7 years. The results show that: (1) the total amount of the cultivated land decreased on the whole, steady decline early, while increased considerably late; Grain output went up steadily in the fluctuation in general; and the change of minimum cultivated land per capita and pressure index on cultivated land was not significant. (2) GM (1,1) gray model shows per capita cultivated land area, minimum cultivated land per capita and pressure index on cultivated land decreased, and arable land per capita is higher than the minimum per capita arable land area which descript farmland productivity levels higher than the level of food consumption.
The Tangling Line
Authors: Chong Xu , Zhang Hong En , Tong Nie
Published: December 2012

Use the same architectural language, different expression technique to meet the function of the construction and its own aesthetic. Use braiding, weaving and bifurcation to express the form, patterns and structure. Because the function of the architecture is a fashion museum, so from internal to external fashion tangling lines.
Preparing of Glass-Ceramics and Recovering of Iron from Copper Slag
Authors: Yang Zhi Hong , Lin Qiao , He Yong , Tao Hai Hui , Ke Yi , Liao Guang Dong
Published: December 2012

Copper slag, containing more than 40 wt% iron, is often used for pavement of roads, building bricks and cement etc. The level of this traditional utilization technology is very poor. In this study, a new method of comprehensive utilization of copper slag was investigated. The iron of copper slag was recovered and the residual slag was transformed into glass-ceramics within the same process involving iron reduction, iron-glass separation and glass crystallization. The experimental results indicated that the ratio of iron recovery was more than 99% and the crystalline phase of the obtained glass-ceramics was diopside. With the extension of crystallization time, the content of crystalline phase and the size of crystals of the glass-ceramics increase.
The Applied Research of Waste Crumb Rubber in Road Base
Authors: Guo Hong Mei , Zhu Han , Zhou Yan
Published: December 2012

Waste tiers increasing with geometric series, in view of that seeking a new treatment process has already become an urgent affair. Over the years, there has been mounting interest in the use of recycled tire rubbers in highway construction. Which have an important benefit to the recycling utilization of scrap tires and environmental protection, and can consume a large number of scrap tires. This paper presents an overview of some of the research published regarding the use of crumb rubber in highway engineering, but the study about the using of crumb rubber in cement-stabilized macadam base is seldom reported. This paper used ANSYS to build the pavement structure model, analyzed the effect to pavement by changing the thickness and modulus of cement stabilized macadam base with crumb rubber. It may serve as a useful reference for the future application of crumb rubber to the projects of cement-stabilized macadam base roads and other fields.
Stiffness Calculation Method of Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Structure
Authors: Zhou Shu Fen , Hao Xian Wu , Li Zi Qing
Published: December 2012

Concrete filled steel tubular is a steel-concrete composite material. Its stiffness is reasonable or not will affect the accuracy of the internal force and deformation. Based on the two mixed material stiffness calculation theory that superposition theory and unified theory, a conversion stiffness formula list recommended by domestic and international codes and researchers was derived. By matlab program, the ratio between combination stiffness and conversion stiffness was calculated, and the relation curves between the stiffness ratio and parameters including steel grade, concrete grade and steel ratio were obtained. A conclusion is drawn: for the concrete filled steel tubular structure, we can calculate the conversion stiffness first, then by the combination stiffness and conversion stiffness ratio, so as to obtain the combination stiffness. In practical engineering applications, the combination stiffness is more in line with the mechanical characteristic of the composite structure, and the calculation results are more closer to the actual situation.
Preparation and Properties of Lightweight Cement Mortar with Granulated Blast Furnace Slag and Expanded Perlite as Aggregate
Authors: Jia Tie Kun , Li Jian Wei , Wang Xiao Feng , Zhang Xin Ai
Published: December 2012

A new type of lightweight cement mortar was developed by using ground granulated blast furnace slag, quartz sand and expanded perlite as aggregates which were mixed with cement homogeneously. Consistence was used to characterize the workability of lightweight cement mortar. The effect of the components, including the proportions of granulated blast furnace slag and the addition of fly ash, on the properties was investigated in details. The results showed that the values of compressive and flexural strength increased with the ratio of slag to sand. Additionally, the introduction of fly ash improved the consistency and strength properties of lightweight cement mortar.
Research on the Green Concrete Mixed the High-Volume Limestone Powder and Low-Quality Fly Ash
Authors: Xu Guo Qiang , Han Dian Li , Han Jian Qiang , Wang Shuo
Published: December 2012

In this paper, the high-volume limestone powder and low-quality fly ash are mixed to replace the cement to prepare green concrete, and then its work performance, mechanical properties and microstructure are studied. The test results show that the green concrete prepared by 50% cement and 50% of the mixture of limestone powder and low-quality fly ash has good performance, for its slump loss in 60min is relatively small. The mixture of limestone powder and low-quality fly ash has good composite effect, which endows the concrete the required compressive strength. The scanning electron microscope reflects the good combination of cement paste and the aggregate interface in the concrete, as well as the dense concrete structure.
Prediction of Elastic Modulus of Cement-Based Materials Based on Power’s Volume Model
Authors: Wu Lang , Yan Bing , Lei Bin
Published: December 2012

The hydrated products, unhydrated cement and water (capillary pores) in the cement paste are seen as matrix, inclusion, Equivalent medium respectively, We used the micromechanics theories and Power’s Volume model to develop a multi-phase micromechanics model capable of simulating the elastic properties of cement-based materials, and the evolution of elastic properties in the hydration process was calculated at different water-cement ratio. The final experimental results show that this model can be used to predict the elastic properties of cement-based materials.
Discussion on Metaphor in the Architectural Design of Small Administrative Building in Practice
Authors: Zheng Yun Yang
Published: December 2012

This paper deals with the use of metaphor in the architectural design of small administrative building and its new forms of environment with a practical case analysis. It also discusses the issue as to regional culture and sustainable development from both the natural and social attribute of administrative building, and how to combine various elements to create administrative building with regional characteristics.
Structural Vibration Control of Shape Memory Alloy in Martensite-Austenite Coexisting
Authors: Liang Zhen Yu , Xing Bo
Published: December 2012

This essay introduced that shape memory alloy in martensite-austenite coexisting was use to control the structural vibration. The proportion of martensite and austenite in shape memory alloy was selected which could realize the two basic characteristics of shape memory alloy. Based on Liang model, the mechanical model of shape memory alloy was established. The computer simulation analysis of the structure was achieved by using Matlab, and the result of numerical analysis proved that shape memory alloy in martensite-austenite coexisting could effect structural vibration control.
Cyclic Behaviour of Lateral Ties Confined Polyolefin Fibre Reinforced Concrete under Repeated Axial Compression
Authors: Palanivel S. , Sekar M.
Published: December 2012

Although various models exist for envelope curves of concrete confined by transverse reinforcement, only a few simple models represent the hysteretic behavior of the confined concrete; therefore, development of stress–strain model of unloading and reloading paths for confined concrete is needed. In this paper, an experimental and numerical investigation for describing the cyclic stress–strain behavior of lateral ties confined and polyolefin fibre reinforced concrete (CPFRC) prisms under repeated axial compressive loading is presented. The study focuses on the effect of repeated unloading and reloading cycles on confined concrete prisms. The combined effect of spacing of lateral ties and volume fraction of polyolefin fibres was studied both experimentally and numerically from the point of deformability characteristics of concrete under repeated loading as loading, unloading and reloading.The envelope curve is derived from the results of uniaxial, monotonic, compression loading tests specimens. It explicitly accounts for the effects of lateral tie spacing of 145mm spacing and 75mm spacing and polyolefin fibres of volume fractions 0.7% and 1.2% on concrete prisms of size 150 ×150 ×300 mm were investigated. The behaviour is implemented in the finite element program in ANSYS software, with a view to analyzing CPFRC prisms under repeated loading. This analysis accounts for energy dissipation through hysteretic behavior, stiffness degradation as damage progresses, and degree of confinement. It was observed from hysteretic behavior that for increased polyolefin fibres volume fractions the degradation of strength and stiffness reduces significantly.
A Review of Aerogels and Their Application as a Multi-functional Building Material
Authors: Yan Zhu Ge
Published: December 2012

This paper will provide a review of the current research on the material characterisation and mechanical behaviour of polymer enhanced silica aerogels. Aerogels have been in existence for many years; however, the engineering applications of aerogels have been limited due to their poor mechanical behaviour. Recently a new type of polymer enhanced silica aerogel, a nanostructured form of silica has been developed. The new material is having a low density, very low thermal conductivity, excellent acoustic insulation and high mechanical which makes it ideal for energy efficient building material. This paper will discuss the start-of-the-art development of this material and issues to apply the material in energy efficient buildings.
Optimization of HSC Compressive Strength by Taguchi Method
Authors: Hashemi Seyed Hamid , Soleymani Abed
Published: December 2012

High strength concrete (HSC) has large application because of good performance and high durability. Optimizing mix proportions has main effect on the compressive strength of HSC. In this paper, optimizing mix proportions are investigated by Taguchi method, factors of water to cementitious material ratio (W/C), fine aggregate to total aggregate ratio (FI/AG), silica fume as supplementary cementitious material and cementitious material content were selected at three levels. After testing L9 orthogonal array and analyzing results by Taguchi method, the best optimized mix levels were predicted by Taguchi. Then optimum mix was constructed and tested. It was concluded Taguchi forecast is true about optimized mix levels.
Research on Influence of Different Fibers on Pavement Performance of SMA
Authors: Dong Gang , Zheng Nan Xiang , Qie Lei Tang
Published: December 2012

The influence and influence mechanism of three different kinds of fibers, xylon fiber, polyester fiber and basalt mineral fiber, on the pavement performance of Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) are investigated for optimizing the pavement performance of SMA in this paper, by comparative analysis of high temperature performance, water stability and low temperature performance of SMA with the three different types of fibers. The results suggest that there are large differences in the performance of SMA with the three kinds of fibers above mentioned, because of the different dispersibility and adsorption capacity of each fiber, and SMA with basalt mineral fiber has the best behavior in pavement performance.
The Performance Research of Adjusting Material Based on Asphalt Pavement
Authors: Qiao Jian Gang , Wang Ya Qiong , Yang Ning
Published: December 2012

As the construction and development of highway need high performance of road materials, the conventional asphalt mixture is difficult to meet the requirements. To save energy, the paper researches into adjusting agent, asphalt modification, fiber and rubber powder, analyzes performance characteristics of different adding methods, adding materials and adding quantities through comparative and experimental analysis, and obtains superior high temperature stability and low temperature stability of asphalt mixture with adjusting agent compared with modified asphalt mixture, which explores a new idea for the application of waste materials in highway construction.
High Temperature Stability Performance of Open Graded Asphalt Friction Course
Authors: Yuan Yu Qing , Li Xue Chan , Li Wei , Guo Tao
Published: December 2012

To improve high temperature stability performance, some additive materials, such as cement, slaked lime and lignin were mixed into open graded asphalt friction course (OGFC). With different dosage and various admixtures, samples of different dimension were made. Then, rutting tests were put forward for dynamic stability calculation. High temperature stability of OGFC mixture can be obviously improved, whatever adding cement or slaked lime, even lignin fibre instead of mineral powder. As for substitute cement for mineral powder, when replacement volume is 66.6%, high temperature stability of OGFC-13 is highly improved with dynamic stability 1308 times / mm. When substitute slaked lime for mineral powder is 100%, dynamic stability of OGFC-13 mixture is 1910 times / mm. High temperature stability of OGFC-13 mixture can be greatly improved by 0.2% lignin fibre, with dynamic stability 1424 times / mm.
Research on the Problems and Countermeasures of Energy Conservation Reconstruction of the Existing Buildings in the Industrial Urban Renewal
Authors: Chen Ling Ling , Qu Hong Chang , Li Hong Yuan
Published: December 2012

The rapid development and expansion speed in the renewal of the China’s industrial cities are not suited to the current situations of large energy consumption of the existing buildings, these current situations causes the urban environment and resources to be destroyed and the sustainable development of cities to be severely hampered. To solve these problems, a variety of resources for urban renewal in the energy conservation reconstruction of the existing building should be deeply developed, such as analysis and research of reconstruction background, local natural environment and natural resources, utilization of waste and recyclable resources etc., at the same time, perfection of the existing building energy saving assessment system is also the key to promote the settlement of the problems. This paper demonstrates the energy conservation reconstruction and comprehensive utilization of the existing buildings in the industrial urban renewal in various aspects in order to promote the sustainable development objectives of the industrial urban renewal.
Renewable Energy in Building Design Strategies of Application
Authors: Ye Jian Gong
Published: December 2012

From the perspective of sustainable development,a combination of some construction examples domestic and abroad,This artical illustrates how to use solar,geothermal,wind,water and other natural energy in building design,in passive heatings and passive colling of both energy savings in order to provide for the creation of today's architectural reference.
A New Time Domain Analysis of the Wave Power
Authors: Wei Mao Xing , Bai Zhi Gang
Published: December 2012

The present frequency domain method of calculating wave power may not be accurate enough for calculating the incident wave power of a specific site, which is primary measurement for evaluating the efficiency of wave energy converters (WECs) and an alternative measure, the time domain method, is proposed. Three sites including two nearshore sites and one deepwater site at Chengshantou sea area were selected, and a sample wave parameters data set was obtained from wave model SWASH to demonstrate the application of these two methods. A comparison of the results of each method was also performed and two influential parameters used in calculation were analyzed. The results show that frequency domain method is very likely to overestimate the wave power at both deepwater and nearshore site. The time domain method proposed in this paper is believed to be more superior in calculating the incident wave power during a short term.
Combination of Chemical Hydride Hydrogen Generation System with Low-Temperature PEMFCs
Authors: Su Ay , Chiang Hsiu Lu , Huang Zhen Ming
Published: December 2012

High purity hydrogen generated by hydrolysis of sodium borohydride can be used as the fuel of PEM fuel cell and other portable device. As its high hydrogen storage capacity, controllable reaction and mild condition, hydrogen generation by catalytic hydrolysis of chemical hydride, such as sodium borohydride, has been the major focus of researches. On the threshold of the controllable of hydrogen generated by hydrolysis of sodium borohydride, the catalyst for hydrolysis of hydrogen generation (HG) is studied. First, applying chemical plating, Ru/Ni foam catalyst was prepared; then, continuous flow reactor method was used to generate hydrogen. Varied parameters, such as concentrations of NaBH4 and NaOH, flow rate of NaBH4 solution and quantity of catalyst, were inspected in this research. It was found that, the NaBH4 and NaOH concentration at 20wt% and 3wt%, fuel feed to 4 g/min, hydrogen yield of 1.72 L/min, the hydrogen production efficiency as high as 91.2%. The present hydrogen generator was integrated with a 100W PEMFC and the optimum performance of the integrated system was studied. The hydrogen produced from NaBH4 has high purity and humidity; therefore, it can be directly used as the fuel for PEMFCs, which in general require humidified hydrogen. It is found that for cell voltage above 0.6V, the performance of cell using NaBH4 hydrogen is 103.45W, versus 99.9W with cylinder hydrogen.
The Experimental Study on Forced Circulation Solar Hot Water Supply
Authors: Zhang Xi Ming , Zhang Yi Ran
Published: December 2012

In recent years, global environmental problems and energy crisis are highly regarded. The research and development of new energy sources and energy saving are two key ways to solve the potential global energy shortage. The solar energy is important for its cleanliness and unexhausting. The solar water heaters are widely used in domestic hot water supply. The former natural cycle system had a lower performance of heat collection, insulation and convenience as well as conflict with architecture. It is necessary to develop a new style solar water heater in north china. This paper presents an forced circulation solar hot water supply system with spiral copper coil as heat exchanger in heat storage tank and plate solar collectors. It has high collection efficiency and it is consistent with the architecture. The system is full of antifreeze to solve the freezing problem in north china. The experimental study was conducted for solar hot water supply system. The experimental results indicate that the forced circulation solar hot water supply system has superior performance of heat collection and heat transfer. The average heat output is respectively 2.82kWh/m2 in spring, 3.13 kWh/m2 in summer and 2.73 kWh/m2 in autumn. The hot water output is respectively75.3L/m2.d in spring, 81.2 L/m2.d in summer and 56.5 L/m2.d in autumn if the temperature difference is 28°C.In addition, by use of the experimental measured data the long-term thermal performance can be forecast.
Analysis of Hohhot’s Traffic Pollution and its Control Countermeasures
Authors: Su Yan Lei , Wang Jian Wen
Published: December 2012

With the rapid increase of urban motor vehicles, the traffic pollution in Hohhot is becoming more and more observable. In this paper, it analyzed Hohhot’s traffic pollution data of late years, then combined the relevant causes and proposed some low-carbon countermeasures to control its traffic pollution.
Research on Characteristic of North Zhejiang Residential Indoor Environmental
Authors: Yu Mei Fang , Zhao Bin
Published: December 2012

North Zhejiang residence is a typical Jiangnan dwellings. The indoor environment is an essential part to research north Zhejiang residential areas, it is not only close to people daily behavior, but also directly reflects relationship of people, architectural space and environment. Zhejiang characteristics of residential indoor environment base on five aspects was analyzed, such as geographic and climate, interior layout, decoration, color and furnishings. I also will clarify its internal evolution and development, and understand its rules to add a reference and thought to the construction of watery region culture in future
2D Simulation of Effects of Position of Baffles on the Removal Rate of Solids in a Sedimentation Tank
Authors: Liu Yu Ling , Zhang P. , Wei W.L.
Published: December 2012

In this paper, we use solid–liquid two-phase mixture model and the k-ε turbulence model to numerically simulate the effects of the position of baffles on the removal rate of solids in a sedimentation tank. The PISO algorithm is used to decouple velocity and pressure. The distribution of sludge concentration on different cross-sections is obtained by the proposed model.
Pilot Study of Ultrafiltration for Tertiary Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Jin Peng Kang , Jin Xin , Wang Xiao Chang , Song Ji Na
Published: December 2012

An ultrafiltration (UF) unit was used for tertiary wastewater treatment at a wastewater plant. The pilot study showed that UF is effective to remove turbidity, total bacteria and coliform bacteria from the secondary effluent to obtain high quality filtrate for water reuse, but UF is not very effective in the removal of dissolved substances such as colour, UV254 and TOC, and the removal efficiency and permeate flux can be improved by conducting PAC adsorption or coagulation prior to UF operation. The backwash is essential to obtain a higher permeate flux.
Aerobic Denitrification Characteristics Research of Pseudomonas Strains HFX08
Authors: Ma Xiu Lan , Shan Yu Xun , Zhang Fang Yuan , Wang Ji Hong
Published: December 2012

In this report, a strains of nitrifying bacteria HFX08 with low temperature and low carbon nitrogen ratio is separated from the activated sludge which is domesticated of the northern city sewage plant in winter. The optimum carbon source for the growth of the strain is sodium acetate, the source of nitrogen is potassium nitrate and the optimum growth temperature range is 10-20°C correspondingly.
Amplification Experiment on Quick Start-up of Filter for Removing Manganese by Contact Oxidation Method
Authors: Zhang Wei , Lv Chen , Wang Yu Jie , Sun Meng Yi , Guo Jia Kai
Published: December 2012

Based on the pilot experiment on quick start-up of filter for removing manganese, amplification experiment was carried out. High concentration aeration and low concentration running were used in this experiment as starting mode. The maturity period of the filter for manganese removal is 9 days. Through the research on the distribution of manganese ions in filter bed by different filtration rate, the result shows a bigger depth of the filter bed is needed with the increase of filtration rate. For raw water with manganese ions concentration of 1.0-1.5 mg•L-1, the highest flow rate that can be handled by this equipment is 0.7 m•h-1. The blockages in filter bed can be washed out under the condition that the back washing intensity is 7.81 L•s-1•m-2 and the back washing time is 5 min. The back washing period of the filter is 13 days.
Anodic Oxidation and Electropolymerization on CF Surface and Effects on Immobilization of Microorganism in Waste Water
Authors: Bao Yan Ling , Dai Guang Ze
Published: December 2012

The PAN-based carbon fiber (CF) was choosen as a bio-carrier in waste water treatment process, which was modified by anodic oxidation and electropolymerization using sulphuric acid and maleic anhydride (MA) respectively. The morphology and propeties of CF surface were characterized by laser confocal microsopy (LCM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and the degree of moisture (DM), and the consequence of biocompatibility nature on CF surface was therefore indicated by immobilization results of microorganisms. It shows that the surface hydrophilicity, oxygen containing groups and surface roughness of CF would contribute greatly to improve the immobilization ability of microorganisms on CF surface. And acid anodic oxidation is more effective on microorganism immobilization than MA electropolymerization.
Preparation of Coal-Based Activated Carbon and its Application for Methylene Blue Removal
Authors: Gong Guo Zhuo , Xie Qiang , Yang Wen Fen , Yao Xin
Published: December 2012

In accordance with an orthogonal experiment design, a series of ACs for methylene blue (MB) removal had been prepared in the presence of small amounts of KOH in raw material combined with delicate acid washing after carbonization and before steam activation. ACs were characterized, and their adsorption capacities for MB were determined as well. It was found that it was feasible to regulate and optimize pore structure in coal-based ACs by tuning preparation conditions concisely and properly, and the MB adsorption capacities were linearly correlated with their specific surface areas. Based on statistic analysis, it was revealed that among the four process variables studied for the sorbent prepared in this work, the activation temperature was found to be the most significant one for the MB adsorption capacity, the next ones were the activation time, the flow rate of water vapor and the amount of KOH, and an optimized preparation condition was figured out.
Square Short Wood Columns Strengthened with FRP Sheets under Compressive Load
Authors: Zhu Yan Mei , Yuan Shu Cheng , Hou Min , Wang Qing Yuan
Published: December 2012

This paper presents the experimental results of the wood columns externally strengthened with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) subjected to axial compressive loading. In total, 14 square short wood columns were made, which were reinforced by FRP in two reinforcing arrangements. The main parameters studied in the test were (1) the strengthening materials, i.e. carbon FRP (CFRP), basalt FRP (BFRP) and aramid FRP (AFRP); (2) the reinforcing arrangements, i.e. the full wrapping of FRP and the partial reinforcing arrangement; (3) the layers of FRP sheets applied, i.e. one, two and three. The ultimate strength, load-axial displacements curves, load-strain relationships, and the failure modes of all the columns were presented. The test results show that both types of the reinforcing arrangements could increase the ultimate strength and stiffness of the columns tested greatly. The columns strengthened with two layers of FRP sheets gave higher load carrying capacities when compared to the columns strengthened with one or three layers of FRP sheets. The result confirms that the more layers of FRP sheets, the higher of load carrying capacity; however, the adverse results were shown when three layers of FRP sheets applied. Finally, the result also showed that the full wrapping reinforcing arrangement is more effective than the partial one in enhancing the stiffness.
Experimental Study on Flexural Behavior of Damaged Concrete Beams Strengthened with NSM-CFRP Strips
Authors: Tong Gu Sheng , Wang Yong Xiang , Wu Qiu Lan , Liu Yong Sheng
Published: December 2012

In order to investigate the strengthen effect of different embedment lengths of the NSM strip on different damage levels. A series of tests were conducted on damaged reinforced concrete (RC) beams in flexure strengthened with near surface mounted (NSM) carbon- fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips, and initial cracking load, ultimate capacity, loading-deflection curves, and failure modes are examined and analyzed in the paper. The results showed that not only the initial cracking loads and ultimate capacities of the beams are significantly increased，but also the flexural stiffness of the beams in the yield and ultimate behavior stages are improved by using NSM-CFRP strips. The strengthen effect on lower damage level RC beams has no obvious difference with that on non-damaged RC beams. Anchoring of the strip end can increase the ultimate load capacities and decrease the ductility of RC beams. Debonding was found to be the primary failure mode in all cases.
Vibro-Replacement Stone Column Treating Silty Sand Soil Subgrade
Authors: Yuan Yu Qing , Li Wei , Li Xue Chan , Guo Tao
Published: December 2012

To improve the wet soft silty sand bearing capacity, vibro-replacement stone column was used. Compared with the practical construction, this paper introduces the vibro-replacement stone column strengthening soft foundation. The principle of the construction, quality control, and inspection technology were discussed. Based on Drucker - Prager elastic-plastic model, different high wet soft foundation was simulated with the numerical analysis software. Results show that vibro-replacement stone column can significantly reduce the roadbed horizontal displacement. The displacement of the subgrade reinforced by stone columns decreases respectively 0.1, 0.2, 0.6, 2.3 cm than the other. If the subgrade is 4 m in height, the displacement reaches 0.2, 0.5, 0.7 cm when the length of stone column is 5, 10, 15m, respectively. To sum up, five - metre long pile is more economic and reasonable.
Damage Orientation Method Based on the Modal Kinetic Energy
Authors: Meng Hai Ping , Lin Xin Yan
Published: December 2012

Dynamic methods by structural vibration responses and system dynamic characteristic parameters are the main methods for structural damage identification. Based on the modal strain energy method and used unit location matrix instead of element mass matrix, modal kinetic method is proposed. Two kinds of typical damage condition were simulated and the results show that the method can reduce structural finite element model accuracy, calculate simply and realize the initial damage location.
Optimization of Second Isolation Period for Parallel Base-Isolated System
Authors: Rong Q.
Published: December 2012

The optimization of second isolation period for parallel base isolation system is investigated systematically. The maximum dissipative energy scale factor is used as the objective function, the maximum sliding displacement of base-isolated layer, the residual displacement and the maximum base shear coefficient are considered as the constraining factors. For first to fourth category site, under the low amplitude severe earthquake, the variation rule of the four seismic response indicators for the second isolation period is approximately same, the second isolation period is proposed to be in the range of 4s to 6s.
The Applications of Zeolite in Sustainable Binders for Soil Stabilization
Authors: Shi Jun Xian
Published: December 2012

In order to decrease the environmental impact caused by Portland cement in binders for soil stabilization, Zeolite was chosen to replace some percentage of Portland cement. Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) was used as a recognized parameter for assessing the performance of soil stabilization. The UCS values of the Zeolite-PC mix in three binder dosages (2.5%, 5.0% and 10%) and at three curing periods (7 days, 28 days and 90 days) were for two model soils; namely a gravel sand and a clayey silt. The experiment results demonstrated that the highest UCS value 1.28MPa, of Zeolite-PC mixes was obtained at 90 days, in a 10% content binder dosage, which has exceeded the current USA guideline of 350kPa, comparing all of the UCS values for all dosages and all curing periods in clayey silt. The highest UCS value of 7.65MPa for Zeolite-PC mixes was achieved at 90 days and in a 10% content binder dosage in gravel sand. In comparison, the PFA (Pulverised Fuel Ash)-PC mixes have presented lower UCS values than the Zeolite-PC mixes with the same content ratio and the same testing time.