bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aperçu de la faune de l'archipel Juan Fernandez, au Chili
Authors: Danton Philippe
Published: February 2017

Visión de conjunto de la Fauna del Archipiélago Juan Fernández, Chile

Análisis de la diversidad zoologica (Fauna nativa, endémica e introducida) en los grandes grupos de animales vertebrados e invertebrados del Archipiélago de Juan Fernandez, Chile.
Phaeochrous nicolasi, nouvelle espèce d'Australie (Col. Scarabaeoidea Hybosoridae)
Authors: Keith Denis
Published: February 2017

Description de Phaeochrous nicolasi, nouvel Hybosoridae d'Australie. Ce taxon est proche de portuum Kuijten, 1978, et s'en distingue essentiellement par la forme des paramères.
ENHANCING KNOWLEDGE AND STRATEGIC PLANNING OF BANK CUSTOMER LOYALTY USING FUZZY COGNITIVE MAPS
Authors: FERREIRA Fernando A. F. , FERREIRA João J. M. , FERNANDES Cristina I. M. A. S. , MEIDUTĖ-KAVALIAUSKIENĖ Ieva , JALALI Marjan S.
Published: February 2017

Understanding customer loyalty has been a growing concern for the services industry. In a context of increasing competitive pressures, such loyalty is seen as a key element in service companies’ success. Maintaining customer loyalty and identifying its underlying factors, however, are recognizably difficult to do. Grounded on the use of cognitive mapping techniques, this paper proposes a knowledge-based framework for the identification of the key determinants of customer loyalty, and the relationships among them. A step-by-step guide to the development of such a framework is presented, and illustrated through a practical application in the banking context. The resulting findings are supportive of the applicability of such methods for understanding customer loyalty, and the improvement of long-term relationships with customers. They are furthermore indicative of new ways in which knowledge can be incorporated into management activities to improve service outcomes. Some managerial implications of our contribution and avenues for future research are also reported.
Niveaux de référence dans l’évaluation des valeurs du modèle de Schwartz
Authors: Chataigné Christine , Bonardi Christine , Pantaléon Nathalie
Published: February 2017

Liée aux théories de l’auto-catégorisation et du Soi centré/décentré, cette recherche explorait si l’évaluation des valeurs du modèle de Schwartz (mesurée avec le SSVS) variait en fonction du niveau de référence motivationnel (soi, l’intragroupe ou l’humanité). Les résultats indiquent qu’effectivement, plus le niveau de référence à soi (mesuré avec le NIREV) est décentré, plus les réponses diffèrent de celles exprimées avec le SSVS, qui semble activer une référence à soi et néglige les autres niveaux. L’impact de la centration/ décentration et l’intérêt de prendre en compte les niveaux de référence motivationnelle dans l’évaluation des valeurs sont discutés.
Les femmes, le sens de l’orientation... et les stéréotypes : effet délétère de la menace du stéréotype sur les performances des femmes à une tâche d’orientation dans l’espace
Authors: Dumesnil Anissa , Chateignier Cindy , Chekroun Peggy
Published: February 2017

À l’instar de la théorie de la menace du stéréotype (Steele & Aronson, 1995), nous cherchons à montrer que les appartenances sociales stigmatisées affectent les performances. Cet article a pour objectif de répliquer les effets de menace du stéréotype sur les performances des femmes en orientation-spatiale. Nous postulons qu’elles verront leur performance chuter à une tâche de labyrinthe présentée comme diagnostique de leurs capacités en orientation. Conformément à notre hypothèse, les résultats montrent de moins bonnes performances chez les femmes en condition diagnostique qu’en condition non diagnostique, et que chez les hommes quelle que soit la présentation de la tâche. Ces résultats sont discutés au regard des processus cognitifs en jeu dans la résolution de la tâche.
Les représentants
Authors: De Visscher Pierre
Published: February 2017

Un animateur-formateur est confronté à un groupe de représentants en aspirateurs et cireuses électriques. Il est engagé pour améliorer leurs techniques de vente en travaillant la communication et la négociation au cours d’une session qui s’étendra sur trois week-ends. L’expérience vécue est celle des premiers contacts avec les participants, tous professionnels qualifiés.
Impact de la situation économique sur la mise en couple en France (1993-2008) selon le niveau d’études
Authors: Vergauwen Jorik , Neels Karel , Wood Jonas , Guerrouche Karine
Published: February 2017

La mise en couple tardive est considérée comme l’un des principaux canaux par lesquels le contexte économique et la situation vis-à-vis de l’emploi influent sur la fécondité. L’article s’appuie sur des données individuelles longitudinales issues des deux premières vagues de l’enquête française Étude des relations familiales et intergénérationnelles ( Generations and Gender Survey , Erfi-GGS), ainsi que des données contextuelles mensuelles sur les taux de chômage par sexe et niveau d’études. Des modèles de durée multiniveau en temps discret sont estimés afin d’évaluer de quelle manière la situation professionnelle individuelle et l’environnement économique ont influencé l’entrée en première union cohabitante chez les jeunes adultes entre 1993 et-2008. Nous cherchons à déterminer si la relation entre, d’une part, la situation professionnelle individuelle et le taux de chômage, et, d’autre part, la mise en couple varie selon le sexe et le niveau d’études. Pour les hommes, le fait de ne pas travailler diminue les chances de former une première union cohabitante, quel que soit le niveau d’études. Pour les femmes, l’absence de travail ne retarde la mise en couple que pour celles ayant fait des études supérieures. Un taux de chômage élevé réduit les chances de former une première union pour les hommes ayant fait des études supérieures, tandis qu’aucune relation de ce type n’est constatée chez les femmes.
Off-Label Prescribing and Polypharmacy: Minimizing the Risks
Authors: Leahy Laura G.
Published: February 2017

Off-label prescribing and polypharmacy are commonplace in today's health care environment. Patients are treated with multiple medications obtained through multiple providers, and all too frequently, there is no collaboration amongst professionals. Nurses can address these issues by educating themselves and their patients regarding medication indications and uses, side effects, risks, and benefits. By exploring a patient's medication reconciliation, including over-the-counter agents, and identifying the U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved indications, as well as potential off-label uses and overlapping side effects of the medications prescribed, nurses can facilitate collaboration among prescribers to reduce polypharmacy, minimize medication side effects, and alleviate drug–drug interactions, while improving patient outcomes and quality of life. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 55
(2), 17–22.]
Hope and Mental Health in Young Adult College Students: An Integrative Review
Authors: Griggs Stephanie
Published: February 2017

One in five young adults are diagnosed with a mental illness and many experience psychological distress during their first year of college due to new pressures in academia. The purpose of the current integrative review was to describe and synthesize hope and mental health in young adults in college. PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were searched for articles published in peer-reviewed journals from 2011–2016. Twenty empirical works were selected for inclusion and five themes emerged: (a)
Hope is Associated With Improved Coping
, (b)
Hope is Associated With Improved Well-Being
, (c)
Hope is a Moderator Between Depression and Negative Life Events
, (d)
Hope is a Protective Factor in Suicide
, and (e)
Hope is a Factor in Healthy Behavior Engagement
. Hope may be a protective factor in suicide and negative, self-deprecatory thinking. Further research is needed to determine if increasing hope in young adult college students will decrease the risk of suicide and non-suicidal self-injury, increase healthy behavior engagement, and improve coping and well-being. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services
,
55
(2), 28–35.]
Effect of liming on micronutrient availability to soybean grown in soil under different lengths of time under no tillage
Authors: Moreira Silvino Guimarães , Prochnow Luís Ignácio , Pauletti Volnei , Silva Bruno Montoani , Kiehl Jorge De Castro , Silva Carine Gregório Machado
Published: February 2017

The effect of liming on the availability of micronutrients to soybean cultivated during different numbers of years under no tillage (NT) was investigated. The treatments consisted of the number of years under NT (three, six, and nine years) and five rates of lime (0, 33, 67 and 100% of the amount calculated to raise soil base saturation to 70%) broadcast on soil surface plus the rate of 100% broadcast with incorporation in the 0-0.20 m layer of a clayey Red Oxisol. Soil and leaf samples were collected at two vegetative stages of the crop (vegetative V4 and blossoming R2). The soil was sampled at depths of 0-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.20, and 0.20-0.30 m. Surface liming had little effect on extractable soil micronutrient and nutrient concentrations in soybean leaves. In the area with three years under NT, all liming rates decreased the extractable soil Zn up to a depth of 0.20 m. Lime incorporation decreased the extractable soil Mn in the surface layer. There were no differences in the extractable soil micronutrients and nutrient concentrations in soybean leaves as a function of the number of years under NT. These data suggest that broadcasting lime at current rates on soils under NT does not necessarily lead to micronutrient deficiencies.
Herança fascista: o integralismo no tempo presente
Authors: Carvalho Oliveira Pedro
Published: February 2017

Resenha do livro "Chauvinismo e extrema-direita: Crítica aos herdeiros do sigma", de Jefferson Rodrigues Barbosa.
A poesia política de Walther von der Vogelweide e a Questão das Investiduras
Authors: Almeida Cybele Crossetti de , Silva Daniele Gallindo Gonçalves
Published: February 2017

Tendo como base a produção poética de Walther von der Vogelweide, o presente artigo discute a representação da temática política nas cantigas do trovador alemão. Para tanto, propomos um diálogo entre Literatura e História, mais especificamente, entre as cantigas de Walther e a da Questão das Investiduras.
Quatro décadas de História Medieval no Brasil: Contribuições à sua Crítica
Authors: Bastos Mário Jorge da Motta
Published: February 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é promover um balanço crítico da medievalística brasileira nestas cerca de quatro décadas do seu sistemático desenvolvimento. Consideradas as primeiras iniciativas de promoção do período entre nós, passamos à avaliação da institucionalização do campo de pesquisas no Brasil, abordando as potenciais razões do seu vertiginoso crescimento. Por fim, consideramos o estatuto ontológico, epistemológico e teórico do estudo da Idade Média, centradas na crítica de vertentes hoje hegemônicas no campo em questão, dominado por posições que constituem a historiografia como uma prática pseudocientífica que reduz o ofício do medievalista a uma enfadonha paráfrase das fontes de outrora.
Pagãos fictícios, feiticeiros imaginários, alteridades literárias: As sagas islandesas como fonte historiográfica e sua representação do mundo pré-cristão
Authors: Barreiro Santiago
Published: February 2017

Resumo: Meu objetivo aqui é indagar como devemos entender a literatura das sagas, textos em prosa islandeses da Idade Medía; O ápice da produção de sagas ocorreu entre a segunda metade do século XIII e a primeira metade do XIV. Estou interessado de modo geral na representação que essas sagas produziram a respeito do período alto-medieval dos “vikings” (ou anterior), onde frequentemente sucede a ação contida em seus relatos; e pontualmente, na figura dos pagãos e dos magos do período pré-cristão ali apresentada.
De fada Morgana à bruxa Morgana – as transformações sofridas por esta personagem arturiana ao longo de oito séculos e seu resgate literário recente
Authors: Câmara Yls Rabelo , Mingo Carlos Sanz
Published: February 2017

Este número da Revista Diálogos debate o tema da consolidação dos estudos acerca da Idade Média. Assim, neste artigo, apresentamos um levantamento bibliográfico da personagem Morgana na lenda arturiana, de suas origens medievais a seu resgate literário oitocentos anos depois de que fora literariamente citada pela primeira vez. Baseamos nossas considerações em teóricos como Câmara (2016), Carver (2006) e Kopřivová (2007). Concluímos que este é um estudo válido porque dialoga com a História e com a Literatura no que tange ao reflexo de Morgana na história das mulheres no Ocidente, não se restringindo ao Medievo, mas que se amplia multidisciplinarmente.
Estudo comparativo técnico-militar dos exércitos da Batalha de Hastings de 1066 nas fontes anglo-normandas do século XI
Authors: Dos Reis Jaime Estevão , Ferrarese Lucio Carlos
Published: February 2017

Resumo: Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar as diferenças técnicas e militares entre o exército normando de Guilherme da Normandia e o exército anglo-saxão de Haroldo Godwinson que se confrontaram na Batalha de Hastings de 1066. Para isso, utilizamos como fontes a Tapeçaria de Bayeux e a Crônica de Guilherme de Poitiers, bem como dialogamos com a historiografia da história militar inglesa. Dessa forma, observamos que as diferenças de armas e estratégias existentes entre os exércitos anglo-saxões e normandos, influenciadas pelas condições econômicas e sociais de ambos, favoreceram a vitória das forças invasoras normandas no campo de batalha.
Bernardo de Sigüenza: A reconquista como fundamento para a dominação através do poder senhorial-episcopal em Castela no Século XII
Authors: Alvaro Bruno Gonçalves
Published: February 2017

Através da análise da trajetória do aquitano Bernardo de Agen, bispo e senhor de Sigüenza entre os anos de 1124 a 1151, discutiremos neste artigo como o processo de reconquista territorial empreendida durante a Idade Média Central foi um dos fundamentos para o exercício da dominação eclesiástica na região de Castela, na Península Ibérica. Munido de um poder específico o qual chamamos de poder senhorial-episcopal, o bispo seguntino despontou como um dos principais nomes inseridos na política castelhano-leonesa, encabeçada por uma gama de interdependências entre a monarquia e os episcopados.
Imagens da escola e suas funções na contemporaneidade: o discurso de estudantes concluintes do ensino médio
Authors: Schwertner Suzana Feldens , Munhoz Angélica Vier
Published: February 2017

O presente artigo tem por objetivo pensar a escola e suas funções na contemporaneidade em meio ao discurso de estudantes concluintes do ensino médio. É resultante da pesquisa A escola e as novas configurações da contemporaneidade: a voz de estudantes concluintes do ensino médio e fundamental, iniciada em agosto de 2014, cujo aporte teórico se aproxima dos estudos pós-estruturalistas em educação. O delineamento metodológico da investigação foi organizado em grupo focal, composto por 15 estudantes do ensino médio de uma escola pública do Vale do Taquari, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Em cada um dosquatro encontros, foi proposta uma atividade, com a discussão de um tópico específico e a produção de imagens. Ao fazer emergir visibilidades e possibilidades enunciativas acerca das configurações da escola, por meio da análise de discurso foucaultiana, percebeu-se a importância do espaço escolar e dos colegas no processo de aprender. Os livros, materiais característicos da aprendizagem formal, apareceram com destaque nas imagens produzidas. Partindo da pergunta inicial‘Quais as funções da escola hoje?’, a análise das imagens e as transcrições das falas no grupo focal permitem pensar que a escola, mesmo que em meio a paradoxos, tem a potência de ser um espaço privilegiado de vida.
A revista A Escola e a educação brasileira no início do século xx
Authors: Zanlorenzi Claudia Maria Petchak , Nascimento Maria Isabel Moura
Published: February 2017

O presente texto apresenta parte de um estudo sobrea educação brasileira no início do século XX, tendo como fonte primária a revista A Escola, publicada em Curitiba, PR, no período compreendido entre 1906 a 1910, e tem como objetivo discutir a disseminação da ideologia liberal nos primórdios republicanos no Brasil. Especificamente, propõe identificar as influências do liberalismo na educação. As reflexões que suscitam do estudo da revista A Escola apontam os discursos, os anseios, as conveniências e os interesses da sociedade em relação à educação, fornecendo pistas sobre as repercussões e polêmicas instauradas; e mais, contribuem para a compreensão das situações da contemporaneidade. Os resultados desse estudo permitem concluir que a educação no estado do Paraná, no início do século XX, foi marcada pela influência da ideologia liberal, e essa foi amplamente disseminada nas folhas da revista A Escola.
Neurociência e educação: os percalços e possibilidades de um caminho em construção
Authors: De Bortoli Bruno , Teruya Teresa Kazuko
Published: February 2017

Os estudos da neurociência no campo da educação são uma alternativa para repensar as práticas pedagógicas na contemporaneidade. No campo da neurociência, ancorados em pesquisas que fazem intersecção entre as ciências do cérebro e educação, há possibilidade de promoção de novas estratégias pedagógicas na perspectiva da neurobiologia do aprendizado. O que os estudos da neurociência trazem de conhecimento sobre o funcionamento do cérebro possível de elaborar estratégias pedagógicas? Investigamos a origem e o conceito de neurociência, a fim de correlacionar os estudos nas áreas da neurociência com a educação. Os estudos sobre o cérebro apontam que as emoções contribuem para a aprendizagem porque auxiliam a passagem da memória de curto para a memória de longo prazo, assim como a motivação é indispensável para a liberação de substância responsável por mobilizar a atenção e reforçá-la na relação com o objeto que a afetou. No entanto, ainda há caminhos em construção e necessidade de novas pesquisas que apontem diálogos para maior aproximação entre os campos da neurociência e da educação, diluindo euforias e mitos sobre a neurociência na educação.
A elaboração das Diretrizes Curriculares da Educação Básica do Estado do Paraná – História: uma análise sobre a participação dos professores
Authors: Noda Marisa , Galuch Maria Terezinha Bellanda
Published: February 2017

Entre maio de 2004 e julho de 2005, no Paraná, coordenado pelo Departamento do Ensino Fundamental da Secretaria de Estado da Educação do Paraná, houve o processo de elaboração das Diretrizes Curriculares da Educação Básica – História (DCEB/H), que buscou envolver os professores da área. Essas Diretrizes foram elaboradas mediante a participação de, aproximadamente, quatro mil professores em seminários centralizados na Universidade do Professor, reuniões técnicas nos núcleos regionais de educação e Encontros Descentralizados em vários municípios do Estado. Com o aporte do materialismo histórico dialético, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar esse processo, por meio do estudo da documentação produzida durante a elaboração das Diretrizes. A coleta de dados foi realizada junto ao Núcleo Regional de Londrina, do qual participaram 168 professores no processo de elaboração das Diretrizes. Foram analisados roteiros de trabalhos, sínteses das respostas dos professores. Esse processo materializa orientações divulgadas desde meados da década de 1980 por organismos internacionais, como a Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura (Unesco) e a Comissão Econômica para a América Latina e o Caribe (Cepal), sobre a necessidade de implantação de mecanismos participativos nas políticas de elaboração de currículos. São orientações que refletem um direcionamento de propostas neoliberais, que buscam consenso para sustentar ações para a manutenção da própria sociedade. Conclui-se que a participação dos professores no processo de elaboração das DCEB/H foi uma participação formal, cujas reflexões não se tornaram orientações ou conteúdo do referido documento.
Immature Lymphocytes Inhibit Rag1 and Rag2 Transcription and V(D)J Recombination in Response to DNA Double-Strand Breaks
Authors: Fisher Megan R. , Rivera-Reyes Adrian , Bloch Noah B. , Schatz David G. , Bassing Craig H.
Published: February 2017

Mammalian cells have evolved a common DNA damage response (DDR) that sustains cellular function, maintains genomic integrity, and suppresses malignant transformation. In pre-B cells, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced at Igκ loci by the Rag1/Rag2 (RAG) endonuclease engage this DDR to modulate transcription of genes that regulate lymphocyte-specific processes. We previously reported that RAG DSBs induced at one Igκ allele signal through the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase to feedback-inhibit RAG expression and RAG cleavage of the other Igκ allele. In this article, we show that DSBs induced by ionizing radiation, etoposide, or bleomycin suppress Rag1 and Rag2 mRNA levels in primary pre-B cells, pro-B cells, and pro-T cells, indicating that inhibition of Rag1 and Rag2 expression is a prevalent DSB response among immature lymphocytes. DSBs induced in pre-B cells signal rapid transcriptional repression of Rag1 and Rag2, causing downregulation of both Rag1 and Rag2 mRNA, but only Rag1 protein. This transcriptional inhibition requires the ATM kinase and the NF-κB essential modulator protein, implicating a role for ATM-mediated activation of canonical NF-κB transcription factors. Finally, we demonstrate that DSBs induced in pre-B cells by etoposide or bleomycin inhibit recombination of Igκ loci and a chromosomally integrated substrate. Our data indicate that immature lymphocytes exploit a common DDR signaling pathway to limit DSBs at multiple genomic locations within developmental stages wherein monoallelic Ag receptor locus recombination is enforced. We discuss the implications of our findings for mechanisms that orchestrate the differentiation of monospecific lymphocytes while suppressing oncogenic Ag receptor locus translocations.
Variability in trauma case volume in orthopedic surgery residents
Authors: Blood Travis D. , Gil Joseph A. , Born Christopher T. , Daniels Alan H.
Published: February 2017

Orthopedic trauma surgery is a critical component of resident education. Surgical case logs obtained from the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Students from 2009 to 2013 for orthopedic surgery residents were examined for variability between the 90th and 10th percentiles in regards to the volume of cases performed. There was an upward trend in the mean number of cases performed by senior residents from 484.4 in 2009 to 534.5 in 2013, representing a 10.3% increase. There was a statistically significant increase in the number of cases performed for humerus/elbow, forearm/wrist, and pelvis/hip during this period (Pth and 90th percentile case volumes narrowed over the study period, the difference between these groups remained significant in 2013 (P=0.02). In 2013, all categories of trauma cases had a greater than 2.2-fold difference between the 10th and 90th percentile of residents for numbers of trauma cases performed. Although case volume is not the sole determinant of residency education and competency, evidence suggests that case volume plays a crucial role in surgeon confidence and efficiency in performing surgery. Further studies are needed to better understand the effect of this variability seen among residents performing orthopedic trauma surgery.
The role of spirituality as a coping mechanism for South African traffic officers
Authors: Jacobs Rochelle , Van Niekerk Annelize
Published: February 2017

Traffic officers are faced with many stressful situations, yet each traffic officer might cope differently with these stressors. Spirituality is regarded as an essential defence in stressful situations. Therefore, this article provides a basic framework guiding traffic officers and practitioners, on how spirituality can be used as a coping mechanism when faced with various work-related stressors. An interpretative, qualitative study was conducted utilising purposive sampling in which 10 traffic officers participated in in-depth interviews. In line with the interpretive paradigm, data were analysed using content analysis. The research findings indicate when utilising spirituality to various degrees in their workplace, traffic officers displayed adaptive coping capabilities. Traffic officers associated less spirituality or a lack thereof with weaker coping capability. Furthermore, spirituality in traffic officers is informed by their spiritual or religious foundation, their purpose in work and life, their connection to a spiritual source, and the fruits of spirituality. The coping ability of traffic officers is influenced by their upbringing and background, by stressors in their work environment and by their coping mechanisms. The role of spirituality in the coping of traffic officers culminated in their ability to interpret the meaning of spirituality, and then implementing spirituality as a coping mechanism.
Error Estimates for the Time Discretization of a Semilinear Integrodifferential Parabolic Problem with Unknown Memory Kernel
Authors: Grimmonprez Marijke , Van Bockstal Karel , Slodička Marián
Published: February 2017

This paper is devoted to the study of an inverse problem containing a semilinear integrodifferential parabolic equation with an unknown memory kernel. This equation is accompanied by a Robin boundary condition. The missing kernel can be recovered from an additional global measurement in integral form. In this contribution, an error analysis is performed for a time-discrete numerical scheme based on Backward Euler's Method. The theoretical results are supported by some numerical experiments.
A Uniformly Stable Nonconforming FEM Based on Weighted Interior Penalties for Darcy-Stokes-Brinkman Equations
Authors: Huang Peiqi , Li Zhilin
Published: February 2017

A nonconforming rectangular finite element method is proposed to solve a fluid structure interaction problem characterized by the Darcy-Stokes-Brinkman Equation with discontinuous coefficients across the interface of different structures. A uniformly stable mixed finite element together with Nitsche-type matching conditions that automatically adapt to the coupling of different sub-problem combinations are utilized in the discrete algorithm. Compared with other finite element methods in the literature, the new method has some distinguished advantages and features. The Boland-Nicolaides trick is used in proving the inf-sup condition for the multidomain discrete problem. Optimal error estimates are derived for the coupled problem by analyzing the approximation errors and the consistency errors. Numerical examples are also provided to confirm the theoretical results.
Human Mechanical Impact Response Characteristics - Response of the Human Neck to Inertial Loading by the Head for Automotive Seated Postures
Authors:   Human Biomechanics and Simulations Standards Committee
Published: February 2017

This series of reports provides response characteristics of the head, face, neck, shoulder, thorax, lumbar spine, abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities. In each report, the descriptions of human impact response are based on data judged by the subcommittee to provide the most appropriate information for the development of human surrogates.
Accommodation Tool Reference Point for Class B Vehicles
Authors:   Truck and Bus Human Factors Committee
Published: February 2017

This Recommended Practice provides procedures for defining the Accelerator Heel Point and the Accommodation Tool Reference Point, a point on the seat H-point travel path which is used for locating various driver workspace accommodation tools in Class B vehicles (heavy trucks and buses). Three accommodation tool reference points are available depending on the percentages of males and females in the expected driver population (50:50, 75:25, and 90:10 to 95:5).

These procedures are applicable to both the SAE J826 HPM and the SAE J4002 HPM-II.
Network Management
Authors:   Truck Bus Control and Communications Network Committee
Published: February 2017

SAE J1939-81 Network Management defines the processes and messages associated with managing the source addresses of applications communicating on an SAE J1939 network. Network management is concerned with the management of source addresses and the association of those addresses with an actual function and with the detection and reporting of network related errors. Due to the nature of management of source addresses, network management also specifies initialization processes, requirements for reaction to brief power outages and minimum requirements for ECUs on the network.
Connections for On-Board Road Vehicle Electrical Wiring Harnesses - Part 1: Single-Pole Connectors - Flat Blade Terminals - Dimensional Characteristics and Specific Requirements
Authors:   Connector Systems Standards Committee
Published: February 2017

This SAE Standard specifies dimensional characteristics of flat blades of single-pole connectors and specific requirements for on-board electrical harnesses of road vehicles, which can be fitted into female connectors such as those given as in Appendix A.

This document applies to connectors designed to be disconnected after mounting in the vehicle in the case of repair and/or maintenance only.
Connections for On-Board Road Vehicle Electrical Wiring Harnesses—Part 2: Tests and General Performance Requirements
Authors:   Connector Systems Standards Committee
Published: February 2017

Procedures included within this specification are intended to cover performance testing at all phases of development, production, and field analysis of electrical terminals, connectors, and components that constitute the electrical connection systems in low voltage (0 - 20 VDC) road vehicle applications. These procedures are only applicable to terminals used for In-Line, Header, and Device Connector systems with and without Shorting Bars. They are not applicable to Edge Board connector systems, > 20 VAC or DC, or to eyelet type terminals.
Connections for On-Board Road Vehicle Electrical Wiring Harnesses - Part 3: Multipole Connectors - Flat Blade Terminals - Dimensional Characteristics and Specific Requirements
Authors:   Connector Systems Standards Committee
Published: February 2017

This SAE Standard defines dimensional characteristics of existing flat blades of multipole connectors and specific requirements for on-board electrical harnesses of road vehicles.

This document applies to connectors designed to be disconnected after mounting in the vehicle in the case of repair and/or maintenance only.
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Vehicle Fuel
Authors:   Truck and Bus Powertrain Committee
Published: February 2017

This SAE Information Report applies to liquefied natural gas used as vehicle fuel and requires LNG producers to provide the required information on the fuel composition and its “dispense by” date.
Method for Removal of Refrigerant from Mobile Air Conditioning System to Quantify Charge Amount
Authors:   Interior Climate Control Service Committee
Published: February 2017

This Standard provides an overview of results and requirements needed to remove refrigerant from a mobile air conditioning system for determining refrigerant emissions (leakage).

This reclaim procedure for use on fleet vehicles in a field service environment should produce an accuracy and repeatability sufficient to determine refrigerant loss within 2 g.
Measurement of Passenger Compartment Refrigerant Concentrations Under System Refrigerant Leakage Conditions
Authors:   Interior Climate Control Vehicle OEM Committee
Published: February 2017

This Standard is restricted to refrigeration circuits that provide air-conditioning for the passenger compartments of passenger and commercial vehicles.

This Standard includes analytical and physical test procedures to evaluate concentration inside the passenger compartment. In the early phases of vehicle evaluation, usage of the analytical approach may be sufficient without performing physical tests.

The physical test procedure involves releasing refrigerant from an external source to a location adjacent to the evaporator core (inside the HVAC-Module). An apparatus is used to provide a repeatable, calibrated leak rate. If the system has multiple evaporators, leakage could be simulated at any of the evaporator locations.

This standard gives detail information on the techniques for measuring R-744 [CO2] and R-1234yf [HFO-1234yf], but the general techniques described here can be used for other refrigerants as well.
Communication between Plug-in Vehicles and the Utility Grid
Authors:   Hybrid - EV Committee
Published: February 2017

This SAE Recommended Practice SAE J2847/1 establishes requirements and specifications for communication between plug-in electric vehicles and the electric power grid, for energy transfer and other applications. Where relevant, this document notes, but does formally specify, interactions between the vehicle and vehicle operator.
Measurement of Minimum Noise Emitted by Road Vehicles
Authors:   Safety and Human Factors Standards Steering Committee
Published: February 2017

This SAE Standard is derived from SAE J2805 and specifies an engineering method for measuring the minimum noise emitted by road vehicles. The specifications reproduce the level of noise which is generated by the principal vehicle noise sources consistent with minimal noise emission in urban traffic. The method is designed to meet the requirements of simplicity as far as they are consistent with reproducibility of results under the operating conditions of the vehicle.

The test method requires an acoustical environment which is only obtained in an extensive open space. Such conditions usually exist during:

• Measurements of vehicles for regulatory certification
• Measurements at the manufacturing stage
• Measurements at official testing stations
Misfire Generator Functional Requirements
Authors:   Vehicle E E System Diagnostic Standards Committee
Published: February 2017

The intent of the specification is to present a functional set of requirements which define the user and hardware interfaces while providing sufficient capability to meet the misfire patterns for compliance demonstration and engineering development. The misfire generator behaves as a spark-defeat device which induces misfires by inhibiting normal ignition coil discharge. It does so by monitoring the vehicle’s ignition timing signals and suspends ignition coil saturation for selected cylinder firing events. The misfire generator will thereby induce engine misfire in spark ignited gasoline internal combustion engines; including rotary engines.

This requirement assumes that the user has a fundamental understanding of misfire diagnostics as well as ignition controls. This requirement is not intended to be an introductory misfire guideline or interpretation of regulatory requirements.
Rollover Testing Methods
Authors:   Impact and Rollover Test Procedures Standards Committee
Published: February 2017

The scope of this document is to provide an overview of the techniques found in the published literature for rollover testing and rollover crashworthiness evaluation at the vehicle and component levels. It is not a comprehensive literature review, but rather illustrates the techniques that are in use or have been used to evaluate rollover crashworthiness-related issues.
Keyless Ignition Control Design
Authors:   Controls and Displays Standards Committee
Published: February 2017

This SAE Recommended Practice establishes guidelines for the operation of automotive keyless ignition systems with the goal of helping to minimize user instigated errors.

For the purpose of this Recommended Practice, user instigated errors may include:

the inability to start and stop the vehicle propulsion system,

exiting the vehicle with the automatic transmission in a non-parking gear,

exiting the vehicle while the vehicle propulsion system is enabled,

exiting the vehicle while the vehicle propulsion system is disabled, but the accessory or electrical systems are active.

To help minimize these errors, this Recommended Practice contains design recommendations pertaining to uniform labeling, operating logic, indication of vehicle ignition/control status, and physical control characteristics of keyless ignition systems.

This Recommended Practice applies to keyless ignition controls permanently mounted in passenger cars, MPVs, and trucks 10 000 GVWR and under. It does not apply to remote start/remote stop systems that provide remote controls to start or stop a vehicle engine from outside the vehicle.
Report on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Reliability
Authors:   Ground Vehicle Reliability Committee
Published: February 2017

This report is applicable to the reliability characteristics of unmanned ground vehicles.
CAD Model for SAE J826® 3-D H-Point Machine
Authors:   Human Accom and Design Devices Stds Comm
Published: February 2017

This document describes the CAD model data available from SAE for the HPM-1 three-dimensional H-point machine. The elements of the CAD model include the outer surfaces of the cushion and back pans, datum points and lines, and calibration references. The intended purpose for this information is to provide a CAD reference for design and benchmarking as well as a calibration reference for the physical HPM-1 audits. The content and format of the data files that are available are also described.
Carbon cycling at the aquatic-terrestrial interface is linked to
parafluvial hyporheic zone inundation history
Authors: Goldman Amy E. , Graham Emily B. , Crump Alex R. , Kennedy David W. , Romero Elvira B. , Anderson Carolyn G. , Dana Karl L. , Resch Charles T. , Fredrickson Jim K. , Stegen James C.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The parafluvial hyporheic zone combines the heightened biogeochemical and microbial interactions indicative of a hyporheic region with direct atmospheric/terrestrial inputs and the effects of wet/dry cycles. Therefore, understanding biogeochemical cycling and microbial interactions in this ecotone is fundamental to understanding carbon cycling at the aquatic–terrestrial interface and to creating robust hydrobiogeochemical models. We aimed to (i) characterize biogeochemical and microbial differences in the parafluvial hyporheic zone across a small spatial domain (6 lateral meters) that spans a breadth of inundation histories and (ii) examine how parafluvial hyporheic sediments respond to laboratory-simulated reinundation. Surface sediment for assays and forced inundation laboratory incubations (destructively sampled at 0.5 hours and 25 hours) was collected at four elevations along transects perpendicular to flow of the Columbia River, eastern WA, USA. The sampling elevations were inundated by the river 0 days, 13 days, 127 days, and 398 days prior to sampling. Spatial variation in environmental variables (organic matter, moisture, nitrate, glucose, % C, % N) and microbial communities (16S and ITS rRNA gene sequencing, qPCR) were driven by differences in elevation and thus inundation history. Microbial respiration did not differ significantly across elevations prior to inundation. Inundation suppressed microbial respiration relative to uninundated sediment across all elevations, but the degree of suppression was dramatically different between the elevations saturated and unsaturated during sampling, indicating a binary threshold response. We present a conceptual model in which irregular hydrologic fluctuations facilitate microbial communities adapted to local conditions and a relatively high flux of CO2. Upon re–wetting, microbial communities are initially suppressed metabolically, which results in lower CO2 flux rates primarily due to suppression of fungal respiration. Following prolonged inundation, the microbial community adapts via a shift in composition. Our results indicate that the time between inundation events can push the system into alternate states: we suggest that (i) above some threshold of inundation–interval, re–inundation suppresses respiration to a consistent, low rate, and (ii) that below some inundation–interval, re–inundation has a minor effect on respiration. Extending reactive transport models to capture processes that govern such dynamics will provide more robust predictions of river corridor biogeochemical function under altered surface water flow regimes in both managed and natural watersheds.
Challenges and Gaps in the Existing Laws and Policies in Marine Related Resource Use and Conservation in Watamu Mida Creek, Kenya
Authors: Alemayehu Fikir
Published: February 2017

Having a comprehensive environmental legislative framework which assists laws and policy guidelines to be formulated and implemented are crucial for the management and conservation of coastal areas. Watamu Mida creek coastal area needs protection and special consideration because it is a very fragile environment which can be negatively affected if a proper management plan has not been put in place. The objective of this research is to assess challenges and gaps in the existing government laws, policies and regulations on land use, mangrove forest and shoreline management. In addition, the study also incorporates the opinion and knowledge of all local stakeholders who work and live in the area in order to triangulate what the problems are, and what needs to be done in future in order to come up with a more sustainable and practical management plan. A review of the available Acts and polices specifically regarding shoreline protection and mangrove conservation was undertaken highlighting the challenges of each mandated institution. For the household questionnaires, a stratified random sampling method was used. The household survey included 60 respondents from different resource users groups and villages. Five Focused Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted with representatives of the community and eleven key informant interviews were conducted with the key leading government office representative’s, non-governmental organizations, hoteliers, and long term residents along the beach. The research found that the policy instrument review of the existing policy and legal framework indicated a number of gaps and opportunities for the protection of the coastal environment in the study area. Institutional mandates between the Kenya Forest Service and Kenya Wildlife Service need to be fully clarified with urgency, in order for the management plans for the area to be both approved and supported by these government agencies. In addition, policies and regulations which are not currently implemented need to be updated based on the current pressure-state situation, and there should be strong law enforcement and strict regulation and guidelines to protect this coastal environment.
Assessing Middle School Teachers’ Perspectives on How to Intervene and Mitigate Student-to-Student Incidents of Bullying and Cyberbullying in One Middle School: A Case Study
Authors: Onnekikami Eluojor A. , Vicent Agboto , Esmail Ashraf , Taiwo Moses
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this qualitative case study was to examine the insights of 10 middle school teachers on how to curb incidents of bullying in their work place. In addition, a focus group consisting of four teachers honed in on their perspectives on how to intervene and prevent student-to-student incidents of bullying and cyber bullying in one middle school in Western United States. The study’s research questions explored teachers’ perspectives in witnessing bullying and cyber bullying in their classrooms and the strategies they utilized to identify and effectively intervene to prevent these harassing behaviors. The theoretical framework of social cognitive theory supported this exploratory qualitative case study. The theory demonstrated how students learn and derive meaning from their culture and environment. Data were collected from 10 purposely selected participants and four purposely selected members of a focus group through personal interviews and collection of documents. Data analysis was achieved by coding, categorizing and the development of themes or patterns. Thematic analysis revealed that teachers and parents played an imperative role in intervention and prevention of bullying and cyber bullying. Inflicting physical harm, name calling, teasing, and cyber bullying were identified as the common types of bullying in the middle school. Given all the reported negative outcomes associated with bullying and cyber bullying, very serious attention is called for, from teachers and all stakeholders, for intervention and prevention of these harassing behaviors.
The Problem of Water Management in Diverse Societies: Study of Kalabagh Dam Project in Pakistan
Authors: Nawaz Bhatti Muhammad
Published: February 2017

The horrible flood of 2010 in Pakistan has revived the debate about the utility of Kalabagh dam project that was, earlier, shelved by the present government. Pakistan is facing acute energy crises and water shortage. Being an agrarian economy, it requires electricity and water for the irrigation purposes. It has been argued that Kalabagh dam can deal with the most problems of Pakistan associated with the energy crises. But, there is a considerable resistance against this project in the smaller units of the federation. The difference of opinion over the distribution of water and Kalabagh dam project is mounting distrust among the federating units. This paper attempts to analyze the objections of smaller units over the construction of Kalabagh dam project. This analysis intends to explore whether the objections are valid or are just the misgivings. Analytical and comparative approach is adopted in the presentation of arguments.
The Hidden Hand of Neoliberal Global Institutions: The World Bank and the Reshaping of Botswana Public Sector
Authors: Marobela M. N. S. , Boy Rudolph. L.
Published: February 2017

This paper examines how powerful international institutions work to influence the reforms trajectory in the developing countries. A key dynamic that brings them to Botswana is the neoliberal agenda of the World Bank, which has been increasingly creeping into the public sector in many countries. For Botswana, this comes not as a surprise as the government is renowned for its strong conviction in the free market as a vehicle for development and prosperity. However, what is surprising is the idea being peddled by government bureaucrats that these changes are mainly initiated from within. It is argued that the involvement of networks of international organisations in Botswana’s reforms dispels this myth. The paper demonstrates how earlier concerns raised by the World Bank, of low productivity in Botswana became materialised with the assistance of a number of consultants from international institutions, who provided varied support to the government of Botswana. For example such assistance came in form of financial, intellectual, and training of government officers. It is from the role played by these international institutions that the national structures and mechanisms have changed the public service. This has eventually led to neoliberal reforms in the form of Performance Management System being the accepted dogma for improving productivity in the Botswana public service.