bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transport of Waste Material Contaminants during Mine Water Level Rebound in Underground Coal Mines of the Ruhr Area, Germany – Application of Finite-Volume Reactive Transport Modelling
Authors: Karimzadeh Lotfollah , Pollmann Nele , Mittelstädt Philip , Klinger Christoph
Published: June 2023

In this paper an overview of waste materials in underground coal mines is presented, whereas waste materials can be of anthropogenic or geogenic origin. Complex interactions with mine water and waste materials take place, especially during mine water level rebound. Bearing in mind that under the increasing societal pressure most, if not all underground coal mines are going to be closed rather sooner than later, it is important to understand these interactions and to predict the composition and dynamics of mine water lever rebound in underground coal mines to prevent adverse effects to the environment, especially receiving waters and drinking water resources. The second part of this article focusses on the experiences gained in the Ruhr area, a closed underground coal mining region in Western Germany, where mine water rebound has been ongoing for decades. In this regard, the modelling program DMT-Boxmodel has been developed and applied to predict the hydrodynamics and hydrogeochemical development of the water rebound. As an example, simulation results of water rebound as well as solute and PCB transport in central province of Ruhr mining area are compared to the monitoring data, and predictions over 3 decades are given. The experiences gained in the mine water management in Ruhr area can be applied in mining areas worldwide.
Identification and pesticide degradation test of bacterial consortium of contaminated soil
Authors: Rosariastuti Retno , Rahmawati Yulia , Sumani Sumani , Hartati Sri
Published: June 2023

Excessive use of pesticides in the process of cultivating shallots results in contamination of the soil. Indigenous bacteria in soil that contaminated with the chlorpyrifos pesticide suspected could used as bioremediation agent of soil contaminated with chlorpyrifos pesticide. The purpose of this study was to identify and obtain a consortium of bacteria capable in degrading pesticides on shallot fields contaminated with the pesticide chlorpyrifos. The method used in this research is the bacteria isolation using soil extract, morphological identification, molecullar identification using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), analysis of bacterial diversity index and consortium bacterial degradation test in order to reduce levels of the chlorpyrifos pesticide. The results of this study found 16 isolates of bacteria at each study site that were resistant to 100ppm of the pesticide chlorpyrifos so that these isolates were chosen to be used as a consortium of bacteria. Molecular identification of the bacterial consortium showed that there were 10 genera consisting of Cutibacterium, Streptomyces, Staphylococcus, Ensifer, Ochrobactrum, Achromobacter, Escherichia shigella, Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas. The bacterial diversity index in shallot soils reached 2,040 and 1,467 on forest soils The reduction efficiency of the bacterial consortium using the method of growing cells and supernatant were 94.48% and 98.88%, respectively.
Development of Physical Education in Elementary Schools in Bima District
Authors: Arifushalat  , Sukiri  , Marlina Siregar Nofi
Published: June 2023

The objectives of this research are 1. To determine the development of physical education in elementary schools in Langgudu District, Bima Regency in terms of a) Physical education facilities, b) Physical education infrastructure, c) Sports human resources, d) Student participation, e) Physical fitness, 2. To find out the physical education development index in elementary schools in Bima Regency. This study uses a survey method and a quantitative approach. The population in study were students of SDN accredited A, students of SDN accredited, SDN students accredited. The sample are 216 students, 72 students for each accreditation. The sampling technique used a cluster sampling technique with stratified random sampling. Data analysis techniques use Sports Development Index (SDI) analysis. Based on the results of the research reviewed from a) Physical education facilities obtained an index value of 0.206 in the low/low category, b) Physical education infrastructure obtained an index value of 0.716 in the medium/sufficient category, c) Sports human resources obtained an index value of 0.402 in the low category/ lacking, d) Student participation obtained an index value of 0.124 in the low/less category, e) Physical fitness obtained an index value of 0.736 in the medium/adequate category. The physical education development index in elementary schools in Langgudu District, Bima Regency obtained an index value of 0.546 which is included in the medium category
LEADERSHIP MANAGEMENT IN THE CONCEPT OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SCHOOL
Authors: Sibarani Debora Pratiwi
Published: June 2023

Strong leadership is the crucial foundation in creating an effective school management. Leaders in international schools in particular face different challenges because they must be aware of social and cultural contexts in Indonesia. Moreover, the leader must also understand the work ethics of teachers and staff who come from different countries to achieve total quality management in which supports the school organization. This study aims to provide a clear framework for leadership management in the context of international schools in Indonesia using qualitative research methods. The discussion in this study uses the results of observations by referring to the appropriate literature reviews regarding the strategies for achieving total quality management in schools. The result of the study shows that total quality management can be achieved because school leaders perform their roles, committed to their tasks, and responsible in making continuous improvements for the benefit of all stakeholders.
DEVELOPMENT OF GUIDELINES FOR PREPARING HOTS QUESTION SCRIPTS FOR VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS MAJORING IN COMPUTER AND NETWORK ENGINEERING
Authors: Basuki Wibowo Arif , Ismanto Bambang , Iriani Ade
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this research is to extend a guideline for creating High Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) questions or test  for Computer and Network Engineering majors at the Vocational High School in Salatiga City. Research and development (R & D) approach is used in this research. This research uses the five steps of the Borg and Gall (1983) model: research and information gathering, data collection, product design, design validation, and design revision. All vocational school teachers majoring in Computer Engineering and Networks in Salatiga City were participated in this research. Data collection techniques were carried out by document studies, interviews, and questionnaires. Data analysis was carried out by qualitative analysis. The results of the research were in the form of extending  a guideline for creating HOTS  questions and test for Computer and Network Engineering teachers at Vocational High Schools in Salatiga City. Based on limited trials, this guideline received a score of 3,68 out of a maximum score of 4,00. That is what makes a book great. So, it can be concluded that this guideline can be used for Computer and network engineering teachers outside Salatiga City.
STUDI PENYELENGGARAAN PROGRAM PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI (PAUD) DI PUSAT KEGIATAN BELAJAR MASYARAKAT (PKBM) KEDONDONG SAMARINDA
Authors: Sari Adinda Novantri Pamungkas , Dwiyono Yudo , Winarti Hepy Tri
Published: June 2023

This study aims to determine the management of the implementation of the Early Childhood Education program at PKBM Kedondong. This research is a type of qualitative research with a descriptive approach. The data and data sources in this study are managers, staff and educators, while the subjects of the study are places and events. Data collection techniques in this study were by observation, interviews and documentation. The results of the study found that the management of the implementation of the Early Childhood Education Program (PAUD) at PKBM Kedondong included the planning of early childhood education programs which were carried out through the process of identifying community needs for the importance of early childhood education programs so that PAUD was formed at PKBM Kedondong. From these needs, the formulation of the program was carried out so as to facilitate the formulation of the ECCE program, namely PAUD Kebun Kita at PKBM Kedondong. The implementation of the program is carried out through a learning process in early childhood and there is also a parenting activity. Furthermore, there is supervision and evaluation. Influencing factors include adequate facilities and infrastructure, the quality and adequacy of educators. There is educator coaching and also coaching for parents through parenting programs. In addition, the implementation process was hampered due to the Covid-19 pandemic which made changes in the learning system.
Technology-Based Interactive Learning Media Training for Lecturers
Authors: Respati Dwi Kismayanti , Mardi  , Handarini Dwi , Sumiati Ati , Susanti Santi , Zulaihati Sri , Fauzi Achmad
Published: June 2023

The progress of ICT is closely related to teaching and learning activities in an educational institution. Coupled with the distance learning situation, the learning process must be interactive and attract students' interest in learning. To improve the quality of learning, lecturers need to present an innovative and interesting learning media. This community service activity is held to develop the ability of lecturers in teaching through Prezi and Canva media training. The activity was held by virtual zoom and was attended by 48 lecturers from Musi Rawas University, Malikussaleh University and STIEBI Prana Putra. This study uses qualitative methods to observe the object naturally. Participants' performance will be evaluated by pre- and post-tests. The post-test results show an increase in lecturers' skills in mastering Prezi and Canva media. The results of the satisfaction survey also showed that all participants were satisfied with this activity and expected similar activities to be held regularly.
The Urgence of Establishing the Character of Independent Students with Achievements An-Nur Foundation, Sumberurip Village Pronojiwo Lumajang
Authors: Yuliati Dian , Karan Achmad Mustofa , Lestari Dyah Mumpuni Indah Palupi Asih , Hunowu Fairuz Darell Azariah , Farizy Haffif Al , Darmayani Mariel Tania , Rakhmania Nadin
Published: June 2023

Education is one of the important factors to support one's future. Madrasas are one of the places of education that currently tend to be an option. This existence is caused by religious values ​​which are more emphasized in madrasas. In madrasa students are expected to be independent and achieve, in accordance with the slogan of the madrasa itself. Independent is meant to be able to know, recognize himself and then be able to develop himself. While the word 'achievement,' has the meaning of an effort from independence and proud performance. However, observations at the An-Nur Foundation found that further guidance was needed to shape the character of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah students who were independent achievers. This research was conducted using the Community Based Research (CBR) method, which is a research conducted with the community in solving the problems they are experiencing. The emergence of CBR begins with the development of relationships between researchers and community organizations that jointly carry out research activities using scientific methods and community-based approaches. The results of this study are in the form of a pocketbook entitled Majmu>‘a>t al-Adhka>r wa al-S}alawa>t (A Collection of Remembrance and Salawat) which is a summary of a series of madrasa activities at the An-Nur Foundation. The existence of this pocketbook is expected to be able to assist in carrying out the existing series of activities.
Scientific Article Publication Training in Reputable International Journals
Authors: Dewi Christine
Published: June 2023

One of the main criteria of the Tridharma of Higher Education by lecturers is to conduct research and publish the results of their research. The relevance of lecturers conducting investigations, research, and publishing scientific articles is raised substantially by the demands for publication by the higher education community. Referring to the Regulation of the Minister of Administrative Reform and Bureaucratic Reform, academic promotions for lecturers are required to publish their work in accredited national or international scientific journals in their fields. This rule provides direction so that scientific publications and functional positions of Lecturers in Indonesia continue to increase. The ability to publish scientific articles is very important for researchers in Indonesia. Unfortunately, many of them continue to struggle with putting together scientific publications outlining their findings and publishing them in high-quality, peer-reviewed international journals. For this reason, the PKM program in Indonesia publishes scientific articles written by students, professors, and researchers to help them improve their writing skills. There were researchers, professors, and students present from all throughout Indonesia. The seminar's attendees walked away with a wealth of information on publishing their research in high-quality international journals, thanks to this event.
The Role of PKK Saving Loan Against Community Economic Empowerment Malang City
Authors: Agustine Siti Revina , Prajawati Maretha Ika
Published: June 2023

PKK savings and loans activities are an activity that flows from members' deposits or commonly called savings and money from member deposits will be turned into loans for members. The purpose of holding this savings and loans activity is to assist the community in flowing unused funds and assist the community in meeting the needs of the pressed or who are dependent on loan shark debt.  In order to get deeper results, this study used  the descriptive method of qualityf. Family Empowerment and Welfare or PKK rt 4 is located in rt 4 rw 12 Purwodadi village, Blimbing district, Malang City. The purpose  of PKK rt 4 in the role of savings and loans is to reduce the community's dependence on loan sharks and provide business capital to small sector businesses that are still in the context of rt 4.  The role of Savings and Loans in community economic empowerment, especially in reducing dependence on loan sharks, has been going well so some members have switched because the interest is lower than loan sharks and the interest itself will be distributed thoroughly to members in the form of Residual Business Results (SHU) at the end of the period.
Budaya Urban Seksisme Sebagai Inspirasi Perancangan Busana Ready To Wear
Authors: Dwiranti Rizky Erika
Published: June 2023

Seksisme menjadi isu yang menarik di kalangan masyarakat modern saat ini. Seksisme atau disebut juga dengan ketidakadilan gender adalah diskriminasi atau prasangka terhadap seseorang yang didasari oleh gender atau jenis kelaminnya. Tujuan perancangan karya busana adalah sebagai bentuk menyuarakan perasaan wanita terhadap seksisme  disimpulkan sebuah rancangan ini mengedepankan model sesuai dengan konsep tren 2019. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan reseach-led practice. Jenis riset penciptaan ini menggunakan Research–led practic, di mana dalam penciptaan karya seni rupa dilakukan penelitian terlebih dahulu untuk mendapatkan hasil dan eksplorasi konsep, kemudian hasil penelitian tersebut diimplementasikan ke dalam sebuah karya desain, dalam artian penelitian menjadi dasar dalam praktik. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi dan studi pustaka. Hasil perancangan dilakukan dengan tahapan perancangan desain hingga penerapan pada produk jadi. Untuk mendukung pengaplikasian desain yang sesuai, digunakan teknik kontruksi pecah pola, teknik dekoratif  dan  gradasi  ombree. Proses produksi memiliki skala kerumitan cukup  tinggi,  karena  diperlukan  ketelitian  saat  pembentukan  potongan  pola,  dekoratif  yang  dibuat  secara  handmade  dimana hal  tersebut  akan  mempengaruhi  proses  penjahitan  dan  kualitas  portotype  akhir . Setelah  para expert  dan  extreeme  memberikan  komentar,  saran  dan  masukan,  kemudian dilakukan perbaikan demi perbaikan hingga mencapai hasil yang maksimal.
Analis Desain Cover Novel Twilight Seri Pertama Karya Stephenie Meyer
Authors: Yusti Dini Ananda , Zenmira Kharisma Nanda
Published: June 2023

Cover dalam sebuah novel merupakan bentuk komunikasi visual yang menjadi identitas dari novel tersebut. cover sejatinya mewakili isi dari cerita di dalam novel sehingga menarik perhatian membaca. Komunikasi visual merupakan sebuah bentuk pesan kepada masyarakat luas melalui bentuk gambar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis cover novel Twilight seri pertama karya dari Stephenie Meyer. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif secara deskriptif dengan analisis menggunakan unsur komunikasi visual. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada cover novel Twilight mengunakan warna hitam yang memberikan kesan misterius dan kekuatan yang mencerminkan sosok vampire di dalam cerita tersebut. Untuk gambar apel berwarna merah yang dipegang ini melambangkan sesuatu yang rapuh, warna merah sendiri menggambarkan sesuatu yang berkaitan dengan hidup, cinta, darah, dan lain-lain. Untuk keseluruhan font dominan menggunakan warna putih yang berbanding terbalik dengan warna background, hal ini bertujuan agar font lebih mudah dan jelas untuk dibaca.
Ambient Sebagai Media Kampanye Sosial Efek Sampah Plastik
Authors: Islamiyati Dini Amalia , Prayitno Eko Hadi
Published: June 2023

Indonesia menjadi penyumbang sampah plastik nomor 2 di dunia, permasalahan ini masih menjadi persoalan yang belum selesai hingga saat ini. Sampah plastik membutukan puluhan hingga ratusan tahun untuk bisa terurai. Hal ini sangat meresahkan perupa, maka diciptakan karya berbentuk ambient media karena bisa langsung berinteraksi dengan masyarakat, keunikan dan karakter ambient media mampu mengundang rasa penasaran, memiliki kekuatan memaksa alam bawah sadar audiens untuk tidak bisa menolak pesannya. Penciptaan karya dilakukan melalui metodologi research-led pratice melalui fokus riset (research). Menggunakan metode pengaplikasian karya secara langsung, dan menanyakan respon masyarakat terkait karya. Visual karya ambient media 1, 2, dan 3 berupa penyu, ikan, lumba-lumba, dan paus. Dikarenakan efek sampah plastik berakibat negatif, yaitu berbahaya bagi kesehatan manusia, tidak bisa hilang tetapi hanya berubah menjadi potongan sangat kecil (mikroplastik) bisa mencemarkan air dan tanah, akan sampai ke tubuh manusia, meracuni rantai makanan, dan mampu mengancam kelestarian satwa laut. Data 2017 Konferensi Kelautan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa Amerika Serikat disebutkan sampah plastik di lautan membunuh 100.000 mamalia laut, penyu, dan ikan dalam jumlah besar setiap tahun, karena dianggap sebagai makanan. Oleh karena itu karya ambient media ini mengingatkan masyarakat untuk peduli keseimbangan ekosistem.
Development and verification of self-sensing structures printed in additive manufacturing: a preliminary study
Authors: Quattrocchi Antonino , Montanini Roberto
Published: June 2023

Additive Manufacturing (AM) is used today to fabricate complex structures as well as to demonstrate innovative design concepts. This opens new horizons in the field of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), allowing to correlate a high performing design with real-time detection and identification of the structural damage. Fiber optical sensors, such as Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs), are an effective option for this type of applications. The present work discusses the development of a demonstrative self-sensing structure, obtained by embedding a FBG sensor during the 3D stereolithographic (SLA) printing process. The paper reports the strategies developed in order to ensure a correct adhesion of the FBG sensor embedded into the structure and the experimental tests used for validating the structural response of the self-sensing specimen. The output signal of the FBG sensor was continuously recorded during the different stages of the creation phases: this allowed real-time monitoring of the whole AM process (i.e. printing, washing and curing stages). The obtained results showed that the self-sensing demonstrative structure was able to effectively monitor the thermo-mechanical behavior of the AM process and to guarantee the correct identification and measurement of the strain as the same structure was subjected to a controlled stress.
Perjuangan Jurnalis Lokal dalam Memberitakan Covid-19
Authors: Aisyah Vinisa Nurul
Published: June 2023

Information is a primary need in dealing with COVID-19. In this case, local media is one of the closest sources of information and controls problems in local communities, especially during the pandemic. For this reason, this study aims to analyze how local journalists as communicators in mass communication produce messages to overcome the infodemic during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study used Schoemaker and Reese's hierarchy of influence model to dissect the process of producing messages for local journalists. This study employed qualitative methods through in-depth interviews and interactive analysis. The findings in this study revealed that in producing news during a pandemic, journalists experienced various obstacles. These obstacles were spread across three levels: first, the personal level, which is related to journalists' perception and lack of understanding of COVID-19. The second is the routine practice level, including the lack of a verification process and the stuttering technology use. Third, the organization level is related to guaranteeing the welfare and safety of journalists, which is not optimal. This study recommends a solution for integrating technology in the news production process and guaranteeing journalists' welfare, which is still a classic problem in Indonesia.
Fenomena Phubbing Pada Pola Komunikasi Mahasiswa
Authors: Emeraldien Fikry Zahria , Hidayat Mochammad Alwi
Published: June 2023

Secara sadar atau tidak, pesatnya perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi memicu timbulnya karakter baru dalam masyarakat. Salah satu karakter baru yang muncul di era teknologi ini yaitu phubbing. Phubbing berasal dari kata "telephone" dan "snubbing" yang dimaknai sebagai fenomena menghina seseorang karena terlalu memusatkan perhatian pada gawai. Penelitian terdahulu menunjukkan bahwa 80,2% mahasiswa pernah mengabaikan lawan bicara (phubber) dan 91,3% mengaku pernah diabaikan oleh lawan bicara (phubbee) karena penggunaan smartphone yang berlebihan. Efek yang ditimbulkan dari phubbing ini seperti menurunnya tingkat kepercayaan seseorang, ketidakharmonisan relasi interpersonal, bahkan hilangnya empati individu. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini hadir untuk menganalisis phubbing yang berpengaruh terhadap pola komunikasi mahasiswa dan menyajikan analisis mendalam berdasarkan perspektif teori determinisme teknologi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu kualitatif deskriptif guna menganalisis fenomena phubbing secara deskriptif. Dalam menentukan subjek penelitian, peneliti menggunakan teknik nonprobability purposive sampling sehingga dipilihlah 6 informan yang sesuai untuk memberikan informasi mengenai phubbing. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, didapatkan temuan yang menunjukkan bahwa phubbing dapat menggeser pola komunikasi mahasiswa akibat hadirnya media baru. Selain itu, inti dari faktor pemicu phubbing adalah hilangnya kontrol individu dalam mengoperasikan media baru. Dominasi masyarakat yang menganggap phubbing adalah hal lumrah mengarahkan sistem sosial tergerus akan arus determinisme teknologi. Perspektif teori determinisme teknologi semakin memperkuat analisis bahwa phubbing adalah tindakan nyata yang dilakukan manusia karena pertumbuhan teknologi. Temuan dalam penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi sudut pandang baru dan menjadi solusi untuk masyarakat dalam menghadapi tantangan phubbing di era society 5.0 ini.
Remisi Hukuman Koruptor dalam Konstruksi Media: Analisis Framing Program Talkshow Mata Najwa dan Satu Meja The Forum
Authors: Triyono Agus , Meidita Shilvia Ajeng
Published: June 2023

Discounts on punishment for corruptors are rife in Indonesia. Djoko Tjandra and Pinangki Sirna Malasari, who were caught in corruption and bribery cases, received a reduced sentence in the appeal stage at the DKI Jakarta High Court. Meanwhile, Juliari Peter Batubara, a former social minister who was caught in a corruption case involving social assistance funds (bansos) received leniency and was only sentenced to 11 years in prison by the KPK. News about corruption in Indonesia has a high news value in society. Therefore, various media provide their own portion in reporting discounts on corruptor punishments. In providing information to the public, the media select the facts of an event that they believe is important according to the interests of the media themselves. This study discusses how the media framed the discount case for corruptors' punishment in the talkshows Mata Najwa and Satu Meja The Forum. The purpose of this study is to find out how the two media perceive, understand, construct and frame these socio-political problems. This study uses Zhongdang Pan and Gerald M. Kosicki's framing analysis with syntactic, script, thematic, and rhetorical analysis structures. The results of this study indicate that there are differences in the construction of reality between the talkshow Mata Najwa and Satu Meja The Forum in reporting the same event. Mata Najwa shows his alignment with the community by emphasizing reporting on the human interest side. Meanwhile, Satu Meja The Forum seeks to create a balanced discussion by focusing on the political side and legal issues.
PART I: The Singleton Paradox: On the Future of Human-Machine Teaming and Potential Disruption of War Itself
Authors: Zweibelson Ben
Published: June 2023

Technological innovation has historically been applied in war and security affairs as a new tool or means to accomplish clear political or societal goals. The rise of artificial intelligence posits a new, uncharted way forward that may be entirely unlike previous arms races and advancements in warfare, including nuclear weapons and quantum technology. This article introduces the concept of a singleton as a future artificial intelligent entity that could assume central decision making for entire organizations and even societies. In turn, this presents what is termed a “singleton paradox” for security affairs, foreign policy, and military organizations. An AI singleton could usher in a revolutionary new world free of war and conflict for all of human civilization or trigger a catastrophic new war between those with a functioning singleton entity against those attempting to develop one, along with myriad other risks, opportunities, and emergent consequences.
Future Bioterror and Biowarfare Threats for NATO’s Armed Forces until 2030
Authors: Juling Dominik
Published: June 2023

The article argues that advances in biotechnology and other transformations of the threat environment will increase the risk for North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) forces of being confronted with a biological, particularly a genetically modified, weapon by 2030.
The Human Weapon System in Gray Zone Competition
Authors: Rushing Bonnie L. , Hunter Kyleanne
Published: June 2023

Russia’s experience in Ukraine highlights the importance of the human weapon system in next generation warfare. They show that despite technological superiority and investment in sophisticated weapons and equipment, such as hypersonic missiles, people are the core of a successful military strategy. While Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has resulted in kinetic and largely conventional warfare, the human weapon system is essential across the range of military operations, particularly in gray zone operations. There may be no place where the human weapon system is more important; strategic and meaningful management of the human weapon system for use in countering gray zone activities may prevent escalation into kinetic operations.
Enhancing Autopsy Workflow Through a Down-Draft Set Up
Authors: Lenon Maria Sarah , Esposo Sheila Marie , Cabic Alpha Grace
Published: June 2023

The autopsy or necropsy is a post-mortem procedure that consists of a thorough examination of a corpse by dissection: to determine the cause, mode, and manner of death, and, to evaluate any disease or injury that may be present for research or educational purposes. Autopsy literally means “seeing for oneself.” A significant number of major findings cannot be diagnosed without histology; thus, without a biopsy or an autopsy they cannot be diagnosed.
Preliminary study of graveyard soil as a potential source of AMR - analysis of exhumation soil samples from the New Cemetery in Chełmża, Poland
Authors: Tarnawska Patrycja , Wróbel Monika , Walczak Maciej , Burkowska-But Aleksandra
Published: June 2023

Antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms have been detected in all environments studied so far, wastewater treatment plants, hospitals, agriculture, aquaculture and cemetery soil. However, the latter environment remains poorly explored. In this study, soil samples from the exhumation were collected from the New Cemetery in Chełmża. Samples from 4 research sites and two different depths (1) from the surface (max 10 cm deep) and (2) from under the coffin (1.5-2 m deep) were taken and analyzed for the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs). For this purpose, the number of bacteria colonies resistant to the tested antibiotics: amoxicilline, cefuroxime, doxycycline and oxytetracycline was determined. Colonies grown on a medium with the addition of antibiotic at inhibitory concentration were considered resistant. The soil samples were also examined for the presence of β-lactam (blaSHV, blaOXA, blaCTX-M) and tetracycline (tetA, tetB, tetC, tetD, tetE , tetM) resistance genes. Differences in the number of resistant colonies between samples regarding sampling depth were observed. The highest number of isolates was recorded against cefuroxime and amoxicilline. Moreover, at least one resistance gene was detected in each of the samples and each of the selected genes was detected at least once. The results showed that cemeteries are a source of ARB and ARGs. Due to the possibility of further spread to the environment, i.e. to groundwater and surface waters, they pose a serious threat to human safety. Our results suggest the need for further, more detailed studies to determine the importance of cemeteries in spreading antibiotic resistance.
The fastest-growing black hole in the Universe
Authors: Lai Samuel , Onken Christopher , Amrutha Neelesh , Bian Fuyan , Hon Wei , Tisserand Patrick , Webster Rachel , Wolf Christian
Published: June 2023

Quasars are supermassive black holes feasting on surrounding matter, which make them outshine their host galaxies. Around a million quasars have been cat- alogued in the Universe by probing deeper and using new methods for discovery. In this work, we study the properties of the most luminous of all quasars found so far. It has been overlooked until recently, which demonstrates that modern all-sky surveys have much to reveal. The black hole in this quasar accretes around one solar mass per day onto an existing mass of 15 billion solar masses. In this process its accretion disc alone releases a radiative energy that is equivalent to the output from between 365 and 640 trillion Suns. The range is mostly due to the unknown viewing angle of the disc, which radiates more intensely near its polar sight lines than at grazing angles to the disc.
Vascular cells differentiated from peripheral blood mononuclear cell- versus urine cell-derived induced pluripotent stem cells: A comparative analysis
Authors: Deinsberger Julia , Holzner Silvio , Bromberger Sophie , Foessleitner Philipp , Wiedemann Dominik , Winkler Bernhard , Aligianni Sophia , Stein Elisabeth , Volz Jennifer , Mazidi Zahra , Grillari Regina , Schossleitner Klaudia , Petzelbauer Peter , Weber Benedikt
Published: June 2023

Background: The use of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and urine-derived epithelial cells for reprogramming towards induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has shown to be highly effective. Due to their easy accessibility, these cell sources hold promising potential for non-invasive and repetitive isolation from patients.
This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the phenotype, differentiation efficacy, and functional properties of iPSCs derived from PBMCs and urine towards endothelial cells (EC) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC).
Methods: PBMC-derived iPSCs and urine-derived iPSCs were differentiated to ECs via embryoid body formation, followed by an in-vitro monolayer culture. SMCs were generated through a defined monolayer culture. The expression profiles of iPSCs, iPSC-derived ECs, and iPSC-derived VSMCs were assessed through various techniques such as immunofluorescence, RT-qPCR, western blot, and flow cytometry analysis. Functionality of ECs was evaluated with a tube formation assay, while the functional properties of VSMCs were assessed by measuring the contractile response to carbachol.
Results: Both PBMC-derived and urine-derived iPSCs were successfully and efficiently differentiated into functional ECs and VSMCs. The efficacy of EC differentiation did not differ significantly between the two cell types, with both yielding approximately 45% mature ECs. The derived ECs displayed morphological and functional characteristics consistent with native ECs, including marker expression and tube formation. However, pluripotency marker SOX2 continued to be upregulated, while OCT4, KLF4, c-Myc, and SSEA-4 were downregulated. Functional assessment via tube formation assays showed no significant difference in the amount of newly formed tubes and branches between the two cell types. VSMC differentiation resulted in 96% and 94% α-SMA positive cells for PBMC-derived and urine-derived iPSCs, respectively. VSMCs of both origins exhibited a spindle-shaped, contractile morphology and expressed α-SMA, calponin, and transgelin consistent with native VSMCs. The generated VSMC lines from both cell sources demonstrated adequate contractility in response to carbachol.
Conclusions: This study demonstrates a comparative analysis of functional ECs and VSMCs generated from PBMC-derived and urine-derived iPSCs. Comparison of morphology, expression profile, and functionality of vascular cells generated from both cell sources did not reveal significant differences.
Risk factors for non-infectious diarrhea of patients with multiple myeloma after chimeric antigen receptor T- cell immunotherapy: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Ding Shu-Yi , Cheng Yin , Huang Yi-Jie , Gao Xin , Yan Jia-Li , Wang Lin-Qin , Zhao Hou-Li , Wang Rui , Chen Sang-Sang , Teng Tian-Li , Liu Nian , Zhang Ming-Ming , Jing Ai-Yun , Hu Yong-Xian
Published: June 2023

Aims
Patients with multiple myeloma after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy suffered from diarrhea. Recurrent diarrhea further conversely decreases nutritional status
Methods
This study enrolled 88 patients with multiple myeloma who received chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy at one tertiary general hospital in China. Participants were categorized into diarrhea subgroup and non-diarrhea subgroup according to the occurrence of diarrhea. Demographic data and self-reported measurements and planning were obtained from questionnaires and clinical data from hospital databases.
Results
In total, 50 patients suffered from non-infectious diarrhea, with the prevalence of 56.8%. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that severe cytokine release syndrome (OR = 5.980), underlying diseases (OR = 4.184), previous treatment lines ≥ 6 (OR = 6.292) were prominent hazardous factors for non-infectious diarrhea (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
The incidence rate of non-infectious diarrhea in patients with multiple myeloma after CAR-T therapy was at a high level. Severe cytokine release syndrome, previous treatment lines ≥ 6 and the underlying diseases were important predictors for non-infectious diarrhea. Medical staff should early evaluate these major factors to reduce the risk of diarrhea.
Safety and efficacy of human ESC-derived corneal endothelial cells for corneal endothelial dysfunction
Authors: Yu Juan , Yu Nianye , Tian Yao , Fang Yifan , An Bin , Feng Guihai , Wu Jun , Wang Liu , Hao Jie , Wang Liqiang , Zhou Qi , Li Wei , Wang Yukai , Hu Baoyang
Published: June 2023

Background
Research on human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has shown tremendous progress in cell-based regenerative medicine. Corneal endothelial dysfunction is associated with the loss and degeneration of corneal endothelial cells (CECs), rendering cell replacement a promising therapeutic strategy. However, comprehensive preclinical assessments of hPSC-derived CECs for this cell therapy remain a challenge.
Results
Here we defined an adapted differentiation protocol to generate CECs consistently and efficiently from clinical-grade human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) with xeno-free medium and manufactured cryopreserved CECs. Cells express high levels of typical CEC markers and exhibit transendothelial potential properties in vitro typical of CECs. After rigorous quality control measures, cells meeting all release criteria were available for in vivo studies. We found that there was no overgrowth or tumorigenicity of grafts in immunodeficient mice. After grafting into rabbit models, the surviving CECs ameliorated edema and recovered corneal opacity.
Conclusions
Our work provides an efficient approach for generating CECs and demonstrates the safety and efficacy of CECs in disease modeling. Therefore, clinical-grade hESC-derived CECs are a reliable source for future clinical treatment of corneal endothelial dysfunction.
Low levels of knowledge and attitudes towards plagiarism among university instructors and graduate students in Somaliland: analysis from an online survey
Authors: Gebremariam Tewelde , Mohamed Jama , Bulhan Hussein , Mekonnen Zeleke
Published: June 2023

Background
University instructors and graduate students in Somaliland participate in academic writing; however, no research has been conducted on their knowledge and attitudes towards plagiarism. This study examined the knowledge and attitudes towards plagiarism among university instructors and graduate students in Somaliland.
Methods
Between November 2022 and January 2023, an adapted online survey with 10 knowledge questions, 10 attitude statements, and open-ended questions was administered. We shared the survey link with the university faculty members and graduate students through email, and at least two reminders were made through WhatsApp and telephone calls. The reliability analysis utilized Cronbach’s alpha. Fisher’s and Mann-Whitney U-tests were used to compare differences in knowledge and attitude by demographics, respectively.
Results
Due to the survey method, we were unable to calculate a response rate. The overall validity (Cronbach’s alpha) for knowledge (0.78) and attitude (0.77) was greater than 0.70, indicating acceptable internal consistency. Out of the 122 participants from six universities who completed the survey, only 9% had a high knowledge level (score ≥ 80%). The participants' mean attitude score was 3.3 ± 0.08 out of 10.
Conclusions
Somaliland's higher education faculty members and graduate students lacked adequate knowledge of and attitudes towards plagiarism. We recommend adding formal training on ethics in academic writing so that higher education institutions in Somaliland can combat this type of academic dishonesty.
Novel conformational filter allows unambiguous identification of specific conformational ensembles for the large NS3pro/NS2B Dengue-associated protease; Implications for the appropriate choice of protein conformations in drug discovery
Authors: Agback Tatiana , Lesovoy Dmitry , Han Xiao , Lomzov Alexander , Sun Renhua , Sandalova Tatyana , Orekhov Vladislav , Achour Adnane , Agback Peter
Published: June 2023

The dengue virus protease NS3pro/NS2B, a key antiviral target for drug development, has been previously reported to adopt either an “open” or a “closed” conformation in an ensemble of crystal structures with different NS2B C-terminus (NS2B) positioning. In this study, in order to unambiguous identify the specific conformational ensembles that dominates in solution we apply a novel strategy, referred to as conformational filter, based on Nuclei Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy complemented by Molecular Dynamic (MD) calculations. This was achieved by comparison of the experimental values of the relaxation parameters in the fast dynamic time window of the back bone and methyl side chains with corresponding back calculated relaxation parameters of the different conformational ensembles obtained from free MD simulations. Our analyses of the relaxation data averaged over the ensembles populated indicate that “open” conformation of DENV-2 NS3pro/NS2B registered by X-ray but not in solution is absent or below the detection threshold. Based on this data we claim that the “open” conformation found for this part of the crystal structure of NS3pro/NS2B is probably due to crystal contacts. Importantly that conformational ensembles selected through NOE restrained MD as well as observed in crystallisation where position of co factor NS2B is located in so called “partly” open conformation was in full agreement with the conformational filter: experimental and free MD calculated relaxation parameters showed good agreement. Additionally we unambiguously showed a high probability for the conformational ensemble of the “closed” conformation.
Treatment outcomes of mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 and associated factors at the ICU of SPHMMC, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: korbu Shimelis , Solomon Mariamawit , Aklog Etsegent , Zewdie Ayalew , Mamo Derejit , Keflegn Yonas , Mesfin Filagot , Deksisa Alem
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Coronavirus (CoV) is derived from the word ‘corona’ meaning ‘crown’ in Latin. Coronavirus causes a range of human respiratory tract infections varying from mild cold to severe respiratory distress syndrome. Nowadays, due to the limited number of ICU beds and ventilators and the increasing number of patients with COVID-19 infection requiring MV data on patient characteristics, and outcomes of critical illness from COVID-19 are needed to inform decision-making about resource allocation, critical care capacity, and treatment of patients.
Objectives: To assess outcomes and associatedfactors of patients with COVID-19 on Mechanical ventilation at SPHMMC COVID ICU, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020 G.C.
Methods: A single center cross-sectional study was used. All consecutive ICU admitted patients with RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 and received mechanical ventilation support during the first 5 months were included. Data was collected from patient’s medical records using a structured questionnaireand the collected data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 24.
Results:A total of 104 ICU patients with COVID-19 were included. The majority, 73.1% were male; the median age was 60 (IQR; 45-70) years, with 36.5% patients having at least one chronic medical condition. Out of 165, 104 (63%) patients needed Mechanical Ventilation. Invasive and noninvasive ventilation were used in 93(89.4%) and 11(10.6%) patients, respectively. The most common treatments used by the patients were steroid (100%), antibiotics (99%) and vaso-pressors (57.7%). Experimental antiviral therapy was used in only 1% (n=1) of patients. Overall The ICU mortality was 14.6% and 88.5% among mechanically ventilated patients. Being fatigue (AOR=7.599 ; 95% CI: 1.65–35.12), IMV ((AOR=5.28; 95% CI: 1.01–27.71), and septic shock (AOR=12.83; 95% CI: 1.46-13.11) were a significant risk factors for the ICU outcomes of the patients
Conclusion:The study showed high proportion of mortality among ICU patients who received mechanical ventilator support with low rate of discharge. Male patients and old age groups with co-morbidity were disproportionately affected by the disease condition.
Human umbilical cord/placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cell secretome attenuates intestinal fibrosis
Authors: Choi Yoon Jeong , Kim Woo Ram , Kim Duk Hwan , Kim Jee Hyun , Yoo Jun Hwan
Published: June 2023

Background: A significant unmet need in inflammatory bowel disease is the lack of anti-fibrotic agents targeting intestinal fibrosis. This study aimed to investigate the anti-fibrogenic properties and mechanisms of the secretome of human umbilical cord/placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC/PL-scrtm) in a murine intestinal fibrosis model and human primary intestinal myofibroblasts (HIMFs).
Methods:UC/PL-scrtm was concentrated by 15 times using a 3 kDa cut-off filter. C57BL/6 mice aged 7 weeks old were randomly assigned to one of four groups: 1) control, 2) dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), 3) DSS + secretome (late-phase treatment), and 4) DSS + secretome (early-phase treatment). Chronic DSS colitis and intestinal fibrosis was induced by three cycles of DSS administration. One DSS cycle consisted of 7 d oral DSS administration (1.75%, 2%, and 2.5% DSS), followed by 14 d of water drinking. UC/PL-scrtm was intraperitoneally administered in the late phase (from day 50, 10 times) or early phase (from day 29, 10 times) of DSS cycles. HIMFs were treated with TGF-β1 and co-treated with UC/PL-scrtm (10% of culture media) in the cellular model.
Results: In the animal study, UC/PL-scrtm reduced submucosa/muscularis propria thickness and collagen deposition, which improved intestinal fibrosis in chronic DSS colitis. The UC/PL-scrtm significantly reduced the expressions of procollagen1A1 and α-smooth muscle actin, which DSS significantly elevated. The anti-fibrogenic effect was more apparent in the UC-scrtm or early-phase treatment model. The UC/PL-scrtm reduced procollagen1A1, fibronectin, and α-smooth muscle actin expression in HIMFs in cellular model. The UC/PL-scrtm downregulated fibrogenesis by suppressing RhoA, MRTF-A, and SRF expression.
Conclusions: Human UC/PL-scrtm inhibits TGF-β1-induced fibrogenic activation in HIMFs by blocking the Rho/MRTF/SRF pathway and chronic DSS colitis-induced intestinal fibrosis. Thus, it may be regarded as a novel candidate for stem cell-based therapy of intestinal fibrosis.
Association of Metabolically Unhealthy but Normal Weight Individuals with Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis
Authors: Wang Anxin , xia xue , Han Xinsheng , Xia Guangxin , Zhao Xinquan
Published: June 2023

Background
Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are often co-existed and associated with an increased risk of stroke. But different metabolic types may have varying risks for cardiovascular diseases. We designed this study to explore the correlation between various metabolic types and Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis (ICAS).
Methods
A total of 3 620 participants from the Asymptomatic Polyvascular Abnormalities Community (APAC) study were included at baseline and follow-up. Participants were categorized into six groups according to their body mass index (BMI) and MetS status. Logistic regression was employed to evaluate the correlation between various MetS phenotypes and Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis (ICAS).
Result
At 2 years of follow-up, 2 526 participants completed the measurement of ICAS, and 282 were diagnosed. Compared with the metabolic healthy normal weight group, the MUH-NW group exhibited a significant association with the prevalence of ICAS (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07–2.65); but not for metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUH-NW) (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 0.91–1.98) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 0.82–2.24) group.
Conclusion
The present study suggested that MUH-NW individuals had a significant association with increased risk of ICAS compared with MH-NW individuals.