bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breastfeeding duration is associated with higher adiposity at 6–8 months of age
Authors: Ua‐areechit Thanida , Suteerojntrakool Orapa , Pongcharoen Tippawan , Winichagoon Pattanee , Judprasong Kunchit , Murphy‐Alford Alexia J. , Lee Warren T. K. , Potip Bubphachat , Sridonpai Pimnapanut , Tongchom Wanabhorn , Chomtho Sirinuch
Published: October 2022

Breastfeeding (BF) has been identified as a protective factor against childhood obesity. However, evidence of the association between BF duration and adiposity remains inconclusive. Few studies have been conducted among Southeast Asian infants that have measured body composition during infancy using the gold standard stable isotope method. This study aimed to evaluate the association between BF duration and body composition during infancy. Healthy full‐term Thai infants aged 6–8 months (n = 60) receiving exclusive or predominant BF for at least 3 months were recruited. Skinfold thickness (SFT) was measured by well‐trained investigators. Body composition was assessed by the deuterium dilution technique. Infants with longer BF duration (>6 months; mean 7.5 ± 0.5 months, n = 29) had a higher subscapular SFT z‐score than those with shorter BF duration (≤6 months; mean 5.3± 0.9 months, n = 31) by 0.48 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01–0.94). After adjustment for age and sex, BF duration and age at introduction of complementary feeding (CF) were positively associated with fat mass and fat mass index at 6–8 months. One month increase in BF duration and CF age was associated with a 0.37 (95% CI: 0.05, 0.69) kg/m2 and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.18, 1.34) kg/m2 increase in the fat mass index, respectively. After adjusting for infant body mass index (BMI) during the earlier infancy period, the strength of the association was attenuated. This finding may reflect reverse causality where infants with lower BMI received formula or CF earlier. A longitudinal study with follow‐up into childhood is warranted to confirm the effects of BF on adiposity in infancy and childhood.
Self‐incompatibility in Papaver rhoeas: a role for ATP
Authors: Cheung Alice Y.
Published: October 2022

This article is a Commentary on Wang et al. (2022), 236: 1691–1707.
Comparison of Two Different Percutaneous Screw Fixations for Treating Herbert B2‐Type Acute Scaphoid Fractures
Authors: Hu Haoliang , Teng Xiaofeng , Li Xueyuan , Li Miaozhong , Chang Shimin
Published: October 2022

Objective

Scaphoid fracture was the most common carpal fracture and the most challenging. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the clinical effects of closed reduction and percutaneous cannulated screw internal fixation under fluoroscopy and arthroscopy‐assisted percutaneous cannulated screw internal fixation in the treatment of Herbert B2‐type of acute scaphoid fractures.

Methods

A retrospective controlled study was conducted on 29 patients with Herbert B2‐type acute scaphoid fracture with a displacement of >1 mm admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to June 2021. Patients were divided into two groups, 11 patients were treated with closed reduction percutaneous cannulated screw internal fixation under fluoroscopy and 18 patients were treated with percutaneous cannulated screw internal fixation assisted by arthroscopy. The operative time, intraoperative fluoroscopy times, fracture healing time, complications, and postoperative wrist function score of the two groups were compared.

Results

All patients were followed up for 6–18 months (mean follow‐up duration: 10.38 ± 2.69 months). The respective operation times in the arthroscopy group and fluoroscopy group was 51.50 ± 6.69 min and 56.73 ± 11.48 min, respectively (p > 0.05). The number of fluoroscopies performed in the arthroscopy group was (6.83 ± 1.30), which was less than that in the fluoroscopy group (10.91 ± 2.62) (p < 0.05). All fractures in the arthroscopy group healed after the operation, and the fracture healing time was 11.44 ± 1.25W. Ten patients in the fluoroscopy group healed. The fracture healing time was 13.60 ± 2.32 W. The fracture healing time in arthroscopy group was less than that in the fluoroscopy group (p < 0.05). One patient in the fluoroscopy group had nonunion and healed after bone grafting and internal fixation. At the postoperative 6‐month follow‐up, the modified Mayo wrist function score was used to evaluate the clinical results. The wrist function score of patients in the arthroscopy group was 90 (85, 95), which was >80 (80, 90) in the fluoroscopy group (z = 2.74, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

For Herbert B2‐type acute scaphoid fracture with fracture displacement > 1 mm, the arthroscopy‐assisted percutaneous cannulated screw internal fixation has less fluoroscopy times, short fracture healing time, and good recovery effect of wrist function compared to the fluoroscopy.
Intergenerational wealth transmission in Great Britain
Authors: Gregg Paul , Kanabar Ricky
Published: October 2022

We document the intergenerational wealth transmission between adult offspring and their parent's using the Wealth and Assets Survey for Great Britain. We estimate an intergenerational wealth elasticity of 0.4 and Rank‐Rank elasticity of 0.3 and find intergenerational wealth transmission for individuals in their 60s is lower than for those currently aged in their 30s and early 40s, though rank based estimates are stable. Our estimation results imply that the intergenerational wealth elasticity is 3.8 percentage points higher when comparing people with those the same age 6 years previously suggesting strong evidence of higher intergenerational wealth persistence in younger age cohorts. Taken together, the findings have important implications for future wealth inequalities and must be addressed.
Open to More: Queer Hookups, Temporalities, and Life Courses
Authors: Kampler Benjamin
Published: October 2022

Research on hookups established that they are facilitated by alcohol consumption, interpreted as meaningless fun, and couched in ambiguous communication to avoid intimacy. In the United States, hookup culture is associated with a life course stage called “emerging adulthood.” This stage allows college students to suspend longer term relationships, parenthood, and the dictates of domesticity that will organize normative adult lives while establishing the careers that will help fund such goals. Hookups allow a mode of sexual engagement that buffers them from the burdens of serious intimacy and normative life course milestones. Scholars examined how the hookup scripts differ for queer hookups and the centrality of heternormativity in the enactment of hookup culture (e.g., Lamont et al. 2018). Less has been said about differences between straight and queer hookups from a life course perspective; this paper takes up this perspective, drawing on 28 interviews with queer participants about their college hookups. Participants' expectations about post‐college intimacy, love, and sex are less fixed, and they are therefore open to more expansive possibilities of intimacy in college than their straight peers. By taking a life course perspective, this paper shows how queer temporalities reveal and challenge the heteronormativity that governs hookup culture.
Efficacy of therapeutic plasma exchange in severe COVID‐19 disease: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Prakash Satya , Sahu Ansuman , Routray Suman Sudha , Maiti Rituparna , Mitra Jayanta Kumar , Mukherjee Somnath
Published: October 2022

Background and Objectives

Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) has been used in severe COVID‐19 disease to eliminate the cytokine storm. This meta‐analysis aims to assess the effectiveness of TPE in reducing mortality in severe COVID‐19 disease compared to standard treatment.

Materials and Methods

A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, the Cochrane database and the International Clinical Trial Registry Platform (ICTRP). The random‐effect model was used to calculate the risk ratio and standardized mean difference (SMD) as pooled effect size for the difference in mortality and length of the intensive care unit (ICU) stay. The risk of bias and publication bias were assessed in R version 4.1.0. The certainty of the evidence was calculated using the GradePro tool.

Results

The database identified 382 participants from six studies, including one randomized control trial. Egger's test did not detect any publication bias (p = 0.178). The random model analysis for mortality evaluated a risk ratio of 0.38 (95% CI: 0.28–0.52) with a significant reduction in the TPE group. The certainty of the evidence was moderate, with a risk ratio of 0.34 (95% CI: 0.24–0.49). Length of ICU stays between TPE versus standard care showed an SMD of 0.08 (95% CI: −0.38, 0.55) and was not significant.

Conclusion

The length of ICU stay in the TPE group was not different from standard care. However, this meta‐analysis revealed a significant benefit of TPE in reducing mortality in severe COVID‐19 disease compared to standard treatment.
Development of Wear Resistant Aluminum Based Nano-Composite Reinforced With Nano-AlN
Authors: Rizwi Md. Imran , Mandal Durbadal , Show Bijay Kumar
Published: October 2022

The present study aims at development of nano-AlN reinforced aluminum metal matrix composite through stir casting method. For this commercially pure aluminum (CP-Al) and CP-Al + 2 wt% AlN nano-composite were casted at 760 °C by stir casting method. Both the alloy and the composite were subsequently characterized using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. They were further tested for mechanical properties and dry sliding pin-on-disk wear studies were carried out at three different loads at room temperature at 200 rpm up to a sliding distance of 2 Km. The results indicate good particle dispersion into the matrix and massive grain refinement in the nano-composite. Accordingly, there is an improvement in UTS and 0.2% YS values by more than 100% by keeping ductility unaffected in the composite compared to the base alloy. Grain refinement and strengthening effect of nano-particles are the reasons for this improvement. Moreover, the wear study reflects considerable improvement in wear resistance in the composite at all loads. Suppression of adhesion (at all loads) and plowing abrasion (at 60 N load) are attributed to this improvement in wear resistance in the composite.
Rerouting the drug response: Overcoming metabolic adaptation in KRAS-mutant cancers
Authors: Moss Deborah Y. , McCann Christopher , Kerr Emma M.
Published: October 2022

Mutations in guanosine triphosphatase KRAS are common in lung, colorectal, and pancreatic cancers. The constitutive activity of mutant KRAS and its downstream signaling pathways induces metabolic rewiring in tumor cells that can promote resistance to existing therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the metabolic pathways that are altered in response to treatment and those that can, in turn, alter treatment efficacy, as well as the role of metabolism in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in dictating the therapeutic response in KRAS-driven cancers. We highlight metabolic targets that may provide clinical opportunities to overcome therapeutic resistance and improve survival in patients with these aggressive cancers.
MTN-033: a Phase 1 Study Comparing Applicator versus “as Lubricant” Delivery of Rectal Dapivirine Gel
Authors: Ho Ken , Dominguez-Islas Clara , Szydlo Daniel , Edick Stacey , Macagna Nicole , Riddler Sharon A. , Brand Rhonda M. , Jacobson Cindy E. , Kramzer Lindsay , Kunjara Na Ayudhya Ratiya P. , Piper Jeanna , Marzinke Mark A. , Bauermeister Jose , Nuttall Jeremy , Hillier Sharon L. , Hendrix Craig W.
Published: October 2022

Data to inform behaviorally congruent delivery of rectal microbicides as lubricants are scant. Dapivirine (DPV) is a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor which has been demonstrated to be well-tolerated and efficacious in multiple clinical trials when used in a vaginal ring formulation.
Draft Genome Sequence of Delftia tsuruhatensis Strain 45.2.2, Colonizer of Zebrafish, Danio rerio, Skin Mucus
Authors: Chaires Allie , Thomas Kayla , Estes Anne M. , Jozwick Anna K. S.
Published: October 2022

Delftia tsuruhatensis
strain 45.2.2 is a member of the zebrafish,
Danio rerio
, skin mucus microbiota. Its genome is similar in size and GC content to those of other
Delftia
strains.
Quorum Sensing and Antimicrobial Production Orchestrate Biofilm Dynamics in Multispecies Bacterial Communities
Authors: Armes April C. , Walton Jillian L. , Buchan Alison
Published: October 2022

Microbial biofilms play critical roles in marine ecosystems and are hot spots for microbial interactions that play a role in the development and function of these communities.
Roseobacteraceae
are an abundant and active family of marine heterotrophic bacteria forming close associations with phytoplankton and carrying out key transformations in biogeochemical cycles. Group members are aggressive primary colonizers of surfaces, where they set the stage for the development of multispecies biofilm communities.
An active transverse energy filter to differentiate low energy particles with large pitch angles in a strong magnetic field
Authors: Gauda K. , Schneidewind S. , Drexlin G. , Fulst A. , Hannen V. , König T. , Lokhov A. , Oelpmann P. , Ortjohann H.-W. , Pernice W. , Robertson R. G. H. , Salomon R. W. J. , Stappers M. , Weinheimer C.
Published: October 2022

We present the idea and proof of principle measurements for an angular-selective active filter for charged particles. The motivation for the setup arises from the need to distinguish background electrons from signal electrons in a spectrometer of MAC-E filter type. While a large fraction of the background electrons exhibit predominantly small angles relative to the magnetic guiding field (corresponding to a low amount of kinetic energy in the motion component transverse to the field lines, in the following referred to as transverse energy) and pass the filter mostly unhindered, signal electrons from an isotropically emitting source interact with the active filter and are detected. The concept is demonstrated using a microchannel plate (MCP) as an active filter element. When correctly aligned with the magnetic field, electrons with a small transverse energy pass the channels of the MCP without interaction while electrons with large transverse energies hit the channel walls and trigger an avalanche of secondary electrons that is subsequently detected. Due to several drawbacks of MCPs for an actual transverse energy filter, an alternative detection technique using microstructured Si-PIN diodes is proposed.
Electric dipole moments at one-loop in the dimension-6 SMEFT
Authors: Kley Jonathan , Theil Tobias , Venturini Elena , Weiler Andreas
Published: October 2022

In this paper we present the complete expressions of the lepton and neutron electric dipole moments (EDMs) in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT), up to 1-loop and dimension-6 level and including both renormalization group running contributions and finite corrections. The latter play a fundamental role in the cases of operators that do not renormalize the dipoles, but there are also classes of operators for which they provide an important fraction, 10–20%, of the total 1-loop contribution, if the new physics scale is around $$\Lambda =5$$

Λ
=
5

 TeV. We present the full set of bounds on each individual Wilson coefficient contributing to the EDMs using both the current experimental constraints, as well as those from future experiments, which are expected to improve by at least an order of magnitude.
Constant-roll inflation in brane induced gravity cosmology
Authors: Ravanpak A. , Fadakar G. F.
Published: October 2022

In this article we study a constant-roll inflationary model in the context of the DGP brane-world cosmology caused by a quintessence scalar field. We determine an analytical solution for the Friedman equation coupled to the equation of motion of the scaler field. The evolution of the primordial scalar and tensor perturbations is also studied. To check the viability of the model we use numerical approaches and plot some figures. Our results for the scalar spectral index and the tensor to scaler ratio show good consistency with observations for given values of model parameters.
Estimation of the number of counts on a particle counter detector with full time resolution
Authors: Gesualdi Flavia , Supanitsky Alberto Daniel
Published: October 2022

We present a general method for estimating the number of particles impinging on a segmented counter or, in general, on a counter with sub-units. We account for unresolved particles, i.e., the effect of two or more particles hitting the same sub-unit almost simultaneously. To achieve full time resolution we account for the dead time that occurs after the first time-bin of a particle signal. This general counting method can be applied to counting muons in existing detectors like the Underground Muon Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. We therefore use the latter as a study case to test the performance of our method and to compare it to other methods from literature. Our method proves to perform with little bias, and also provides an estimate of the number of particles as a function of time (as seen by the detector) to a single time-bin resolution. In this context, the new method can be useful for reconstructing parameters sensitive to cosmic ray mass, which are key to unveiling the origin of cosmic rays.
HOW AI-SUPPORTED SEARCHES THROUGH OTHER PERSPECTIVES AFFECT IDEATION OUTCOMES
Authors: WAHL JULIAN , HUTTER KATJA , FÜLLER JOHANN
Published: October 2022

Seeking inspiration from other perspectives is a prominent mechanism to support ideation. AI-based language models can help overcome information processing limits and efficiently structure large solution spaces spanned by prior ideas. However, it remains unclear how the search through a solution space affects the subsequent idea generation. This study explores the influence of different sets of prior idea stimuli pre-structured by an AI-supported clustering on ideation outcomes. The sets varied in quantity and semantic diversity. In a survey experiment, 181 participants generated 447 ideas evaluated according to major idea performance characteristics. Results indicate that seeing an extensive set of ideas from various clusters improves idea novelty and positively and semantic diversity. In a survey experiment, 181 participants generated 447 ideas evaluated according to major idea performance characteristics. Results indicate that seeing an extensive set of ideas from various clusters improves idea novelty and positively interacts with domain-specific knowledge. However, it negatively affects idea feasibility and specificity. These findings encourage innovators seeking particularly novel ideas to complement their current processes with AI-supported clustering tools while taking steps to avoid vagueness.
Terrestrialization in the Ordovician
Authors: Wellman Charles H. , Cascales-Miñana Borja , Servais Thomas
Published: October 2022

This contribution reviews the evidence for terrestrial organisms during the Ordovician (microbial, land plant, fungal, animal) and for the nature of the terrestrial biota. The evidence regarding the origin and early diversification of land plants combines information from both fossils and living organisms. Extant plants can be utilized in: (1) phylogenetic analyses to provide evidence for the nature of the algal–land plant transition and the characteristics of the most basal land plants; (2) evolutionary developmental biology studies of the characters that enabled the invasion of the land; (3) molecular clock analysis to provide evidence regarding timing of the origin and diversification of land plants. We conclude that the Ordovician was a critical period during the terrestrialization of planet Earth that witnessed the transition from a microbial terrestrial biota to one dominated by a vegetation of the most basal land plants.
Localized bioelectrical conduction block from radiofrequency gastric ablation persists after healing: safety and feasibility in a recovery model
Authors: Aghababaie Zahra , O’Grady Gregory , Nisbet Linley A. , Modesto Andre E. , Chan Chih-Hsiang Alexander , Matthee Ashton , Amirapu Satya , Beyder Arthur , Farrugia Gianrico , Asirvatham Samuel J. , Sands Gregory B. , Paskaranandavadivel Niranchan , Cheng Leo K. , Angeli-Gordon Timothy R.
Published: October 2022

Ablation has recently emerged as a tool for modulating gastric electrical activation and may hold interventional potential for disorders of gastric function. However, previous studies have been limited to the acute intraoperative setting. This study now presents the safety of gastric ablation after postsurgical recovery and healing. Localized electrical conduction blocks created by ablation remained after 2 wk of healing, and no perforation or other complications were observed over the postsurgical period.
Characterization of hepatic inflammatory changes in a C57BL/6J mouse model of alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency
Authors: Khodayari Nazli , Oshins Regina , Aranyos Alek M. , Duarte Sergio , Mostofizadeh Sayedamin , Lu Yuanqing , Brantly Mark
Published: October 2022

We have characterized a mouse model of human alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency with a strong manifestation of liver disease that can be used as an in vivo tool to test preventive and therapeutic reagents. Our data explores the altered immunophenotype of alpha-1 antitrypsin-deficient liver macrophages and suggests a relationship between acute inflammation, immune response, and fibrosis.
Mothers’ Care-Seeking Behavior for Common Childhood Illnesses and Its Predictors in Ethiopia: Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tekalign Tiwabwork , Guta Mistire Teshome , Awoke Nefsu , Asres Abiyot Wolie , Obsa Mohammed Suleiman
Published: October 2022

Background. Healthcare-seeking interventions can potentially reduce child mortality; however, many children die in developing countries without reaching a health facility. The World Health Organization reported that 70% of child deaths are related to delay care-seeking. So, this review is aimed at identifying mothers’ care-seeking behavior for common childhood illnesses and predictors in Ethiopia. Methods. Systematic search of studies was done on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, institutional repositories, Academic Search Premier, and manually from reference lists of identified studies in the English language up to August 2021. The quality of the studies was evaluated by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) quality appraisal tool for prevalence study. This meta-analysis used the random-effect method using the STATA™ Version 14 software. Result. Fourteen studies involving 8,031 participants were included in this meta-analysis. After correcting Duval and Tweedie’s trim and fill analysis, the overall pooled prevalence of mothers’ care-seeking behavior is 60.73% (95% CI: 43.49-77.97), whereas the highest prevalence, 74.80% (95% CI: 62.60, 87.00) and 67.77%(95% CI: 55.66, 79.87), was seen in Amhara region and urban residents, respectively, while the lowest, 36.49% (95% CI: -27.21, 100.18) and 47.80% (95% CI:-15.31, 110.9), was seen in South Nation Nationality Peoples’ Regions and among rural residents, respectively. Mothers’ educational status (

P
≤
0.001

) and mothers’ marital status (

P
≤
0.001

) were significantly associated with mothers’ care-seeking behavior. Conclusion. Even though children are a vulnerable group, mothers’ care-seeking behavior for common childhood illnesses is significantly low. Educational status and marital status were determinants of mothers’ care-seeking behavior. So, all responsible bodies should work on the improvement of mothers’ care-seeking behavior.
Association between Twenty-Four-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Variability and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Burden in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Shen Jun , Yang Lu , Xu Ziwei , Wei Wenshi
Published: October 2022

Objective. This study is aimed at investigating the association between the twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure variability monitoring (ABPM) and cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) burden in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. Methods. 115 AIS patients with demographics, vascular risk factors, 24 h ABPM, and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were retrospectively enrolled. 3.0 T MRI was used to assess cSVD burden by combining four MRI markers including white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), perivascular spaces (PVS), and lacunes. Correlation analysis was conducted to detect whether ABPM was associated with cSVD burden in AIS patients. Results. 115 AIS patients with mean age

68.77
±
10.26

years and 75.7% male were enrolled in this study. 112 AIS patients (97.4%) had at least one cSVD marker. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that hypertension was positively correlated with cSVD burden (

ρ
=
0.21

,

P
=
0.07

). High-density lipoprotein (HDL) was negatively correlated with cSVD burden (

ρ
=
−
0.21

,

P
=
0.02

). Blood pressure variability such as 24 h mean SBP (

ρ
=
0.23

,

P
=
0.01

), day mean SBP (

ρ
=
0.23

,

P
=
0.01

), and night mean SBP (

ρ
=
0.20

,

P
=
0.04

) was positively correlated with higher cSVD burden. Ordinal logistic regression analysis demonstrated that higher 24 h SBP SD and day mean SBP were independent risk factors for cSVD after controlling for other confounders. Conclusions. Higher BPV was significantly related to total cSVD burden in AIS patients. 24 h SBP SD and day mean SBP were independent risk factors for cSVD burden in AIS patients but not DBP or DBP variability.
Long Noncoding RNA XIST Promotes Resistance to Lenvatinib in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells via Epigenetic Inhibition of NOD2
Authors: Duan Anqi , Li Hui , Yu Wenlong , Zhang Yongjie , Yin Lei
Published: October 2022

Background. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a severe global health issue that still lacks of effective treatments. Lenvatinib is a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that has been approved for the treatment of HCC. However, drug resistance is inevitable and limits the clinical application of lenvatinib. Till now, there is still little knowledge about the mechanisms under the resistance to lenvatinib in HCC. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is a group of noncoding RNAs that play essential roles in various physiological activities including the chemoresistance. In the present study, through RNA sequencing, we discovered that lncRNA XIST was upregulated in HCC cells that was insensitive to lenvatinib. Mechanically, we found that lncXIST promotes lenvatinib resistance via activation of EZH2-NOD2-ERK axis in HCC cells. Our data suggest that targeting lncXIST/EZH2/NOD2/ERK axis might be a promising strategy to enhance the efficacy of lenvatinib against HCC cells.
A Novel Compact Particle Swarm Optimization for Optimizing Coverage of 3D in Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Liu Ning , Chai Qing-Wei , Liu Shangkun , Zheng Wei-Min
Published: October 2022

The problem of 3D coverage in a wireless sensor network (WSN) has always been an urgent problem to be solved. A novel compact particle swarm optimization algorithm (ncPSO) to solve this problem is proposed in this paper. This algorithm uses a Pareto distribution to describe the position of particle swarms. The ncPSO reduces memory usage compared to traditional heuristics. The ncPSO using the Pareto distribution is less likely to fall into local optima than other compact algorithms using the Gaussian distribution. We also add Gaussian perturbation strategy to the algorithm to better avoid the algorithm falling into local optimum. Among the test functions of CEC2013, the ncPSO achieves remarkable optimization ability on most test functions. Finally, we apply ncPSO to the 3D coverage problem of sensors. Compared with other algorithms, the ncPSO achieves satisfactory results.
Milk-Gelling Properties of Proteases Extracted from the Fruits of Solanum Elaeagnifolium Cavanilles
Authors: Nájera-Domínguez Carolina , Gutiérrez-Méndez Néstor , Carballo-Carballo Diego E. , Peralta-Pérez María Rosario , Sánchez-Ramírez Blanca , Nevarez-Moorillón Guadalupe Virginia , Quintero-Ramos Armando , García-Triana Antonio , Delgado Efren
Published: October 2022

There is little information on the milk coagulation process by plant proteases combined with chymosins. This work is aimed at studying the capability of protease enclosed in the ripe fruits of Solanum elaeagnifolium (commonly named trompillo) to form milk gels by itself and in combination with chymosin. For this purpose, proteases were partially purified from trompillo fruits. These proteases had a molecular weight of ~60 kDa, and results suggest cucumisin-like serine proteases, though further studies are needed to confirm this observation. Unlike chymosins, trompillo proteases had high proteolytic activity (

PA
=
50.23
 

U

Tyr

 
mg
 
protei

n

−
1

) and low milk-clotting activity (

MCA
=
3658.86
 
SU
 
m

L

−
1

). Consequently, the ratio of MCA/PA was lower in trompillo proteases (6.83) than in chymosins (187 to 223). Our result also showed that milk gels formed with trompillo proteases were softer (7.03 mPa s) and had a higher release of whey (31.08%) than the milk gels clotted with chymosin (~10 mPa s and ~4% of syneresis). However, the combination of trompillo proteases with chymosin sped up the gelling process (21 min), improved the firmness of milk gels (12 mPa s), and decreased the whey release from milk curds (3.41%). Therefore, trompillo proteases could be combined with chymosin to improve the cheese yield and change certain cheese features.
Study on the Effect of Flocculation and Sedimentation on the Mechanical Properties of Iron Tailing Sand
Authors: Xu Yuping , Wang Chunliu , Liu Jingyuan , Chai Xiuwei
Published: October 2022

Tailings sand is the dam‐building material of the tailings dam accumulation sub‐dam, and its mechanical properties directly affect the safety and stability of the whole tailings dam. With the improvement of mineral sorting technology, the content of fine and ultrafine particles in the tailings gradually increases, which will affect the mechanical strength of tailings accumulation sub‐dam. To improve the settling effect of tailings accumulation in the Chengchao iron ore mine (China), the effect of iron tailings flocculation and settling law on the mechanical properties of tailings sand was studied. Polymerized iron sulfate (PFS) as an inorganic polymer flocculant, compared with the traditional flocculant, has a stronger flocculation and adsorption capacity, is widely used in drinking water, industrial wastewater, and domestic sewage treatment, is an anionic polyacrylamide (APAM‐800) for polymer compounds, mainly divided into nonionic, cationic, and anionic three, and is commonly used mine flocculant at home and abroad. Through different flocculants, PFS, and APAM‐800 compound flocculation and settling experiments, the effect of the flocculant‐dosing scheme on the settling rate and turbidity of clarified liquid was determined, and the change in tailings consolidation shear strength of the best dosing scheme was measured. The experimental results showed that the settling rate of iron tailings was the fastest when PFS was used in combination with APAM‐800 at 1.2 g L−1 and 0.20 g·L−1 dosages, respectively. The direct shear test results showed that the internal friction angle of tailings sand increased by 2.18°, the cohesion increased by 5.814 kPa, and the shear resistance of flocculated settled tailings increased, which can effectively improve the safety factor of tailings sand pile sub‐dam.
Semantic Web in Healthcare: A Systematic Literature Review of Application, Research Gap, and Future Research Avenues
Authors: Haque A. K. M. Bahalul , Arifuzzaman B. M. , Siddik Sayed Abu Noman , Kalam Abul , Shahjahan Tabassum Sadia , Saleena T. S. , Alam Morshed , Islam Md. Rabiul , Ahmmed Foyez , Hossain Md. Jamal
Published: October 2022

Today, healthcare has become one of the largest and most fast-paced industries due to the rapid development of digital healthcare technologies. The fundamental thing to enhance healthcare services is communicating and linking massive volumes of available healthcare data. However, the key challenge in reaching this ambitious goal is letting the information exchange across heterogeneous sources and methods as well as establishing efficient tools and techniques. Semantic Web (SW) technology can help to tackle these problems. They can enhance knowledge exchange, information management, data interoperability, and decision support in healthcare systems. They can also be utilized to create various e-healthcare systems that aid medical practitioners in making decisions and provide patients with crucial medical information and automated hospital services. This systematic literature review (SLR) on SW in healthcare systems aims to assess and critique previous findings while adhering to appropriate research procedures. We looked at 65 papers and came up with five themes: e-service, disease, information management, frontier technology, and regulatory conditions. In each thematic research area, we presented the contributions of previous literature. We emphasized the topic by responding to five specific research questions. We have finished the SLR study by identifying research gaps and establishing future research goals that will help to minimize the difficulty of adopting SW in healthcare systems and provide new approaches for SW-based medical systems’ progress.
Hyers–Ulam Stability, Exponential Stability, and Relative Controllability of Non‐Singular Delay Difference Equations
Authors: Moonsuwan Sawitree , Rahmat Gul , Ullah Atta , Khan Muhammad Yasin , Kamran  , Shah Kamal
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we study the uniqueness and existence of the solutions of four types of non‐singular delay difference equations by using the Banach contraction principles, fixed point theory, and Gronwall’s inequality. Furthermore, we discussed the Hyers–Ulam stability of all the given systems over bounded and unbounded discrete intervals. The exponential stability and controllability of some of the given systems are also characterized in terms of spectrum of a matrix concerning the system. The spectrum of a matrix can be easily obtained and can help us to characterize different types of stabilities of the given systems. At the end, few examples are provided to illustrate the theoretical results.
Redirecting Polyclonal T Cells against Cancer with Soluble T-Cell Receptors
Authors: Berman David M. , Bell John I.
Published: October 2022

Cancer cells accumulate genetic mutations in coding proteins that may be presented by HLA as neoantigenic peptides (peptide HLA, pHLA). T cells scan for neoantigenic pHLA by the T-cell receptor (TCR):CD3 complex. This complex has the dual function of binding pHLA, by the TCR, and triggering T-cell activation by CD3. Checkpoint therapy activates exhausted T cells to kill cancer cells and generally work best against tumors with high neoantigen burden and in patients with neoantigenic-reactive T cells. TCR T-cell engagers (TCE) are a novel class of immunotherapy that bypasses these two requirements by redirecting polyclonal T cells, regardless of their native specificity, to kill a cancer cell independent of neoantigen burden. This is accomplished through deconstructing the membrane-bound TCR:CD3 complex into a soluble bispecific protein comprised of a targeting domain (TCR) and activating domain (usually anti-CD3 single-chain variable fragment). The pool of targets for TCR TCE is larger than for antibody therapeutics and includes >90% of human intra- or extracellular proteins. Most tumor-associated antigens for solid tumors are intracellular and accessible only by a TCR therapeutic. Tebentafusp, a TCR TCE directed to a peptide derived from the gp100 melanoma protein presented by HLA*A02:01, demonstrated a survival benefit in metastatic uveal melanoma (mUM). This survival benefit highlights the promise of TCR TCEs because mUM is a solid tumor with a very low neoantigen burden and has poor response to checkpoints and chemotherapy. Other TCR TCE programs are now in clinical studies for a broader range of tumors.
Characterization of Leukemic Resistance to CD19-Targeted CAR T-cell Therapy through Deep Genomic Sequencing
Authors: Chen Gregory M. , Chen Chia-Hui , Perazzelli Jessica , Grupp Stephan A. , Barrett David M. , Tan Kai
Published: October 2022

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy targeting CD19 has been a clinical breakthrough for pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), and loss of the CD19 target antigen on leukemic cells represents a major mechanism of relapse. Previous studies have observed CD19 mutations specific to CD19− relapses, and we sought to clarify and strengthen this relationship using deep whole-exome sequencing in leukemic cells expanded in a patient-derived xenograft. By assessing pre-treatment and relapse cells from 13 patients treated with CAR T-cell therapy, 8 of whom developed CD19− relapse and 5 of whom developed CD19+ relapse, we demonstrate that relapse-specific single-nucleotide variants and small indels with high allele frequency combined with deletions in the CD19 gene in a manner specific to those patients with CD19− relapse. Before CAR T-cell infusion, one patient was found to harbor a pre-existing CD19 deletion in the context of genomic instability, which likely represented the first hit leading to the patient's subsequent CD19− relapse. Across patients, preexisting mutations and genomic instability were not significant predictors of subsequent CD19− relapse across patients, with sample size as a potential limiting factor. Together, our results clarify and strengthen the relationship between genomic events and CD19− relapse, demonstrating this intriguing mechanism of resistance to a targeted cancer immunotherapy.
Induction of Oxidative Stress and Alteration of Synaptic Gene Expression in Newborn Hippocampal Granule Cells after Developmental Exposure to Aroclor 1254
Authors: Pinson Anneline , Sevrin Elena , Chatzi Christina , Le Gac Benjamin , Thiry Marc , Westbrook Gary L. , Parent Anne-Simone
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Hippocampal newborn neurons integrate into functional circuits where they play an important role in learning and memory. We previously showed that perinatal exposure to Aroclor 1254, a commercial mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) associated with alterations of cognitive function in children, disrupted the normal maturation of excitatory synapses in the dentate gyrus. We hypothesized that hippocampal immature neurons underlie some of the cognitive effects of PCBs. Methods: We used newly generated neurons to examine the effects of PCBs in mice following maternal exposure. Newborn dentate granule cells were tagged with enhanced green fluorescent protein using a transgenic mouse line. The transcriptome of the newly generated granule cells was assessed using RNA sequencing. Results: Gestational and lactational exposure to 6 mg/kg/day of Aroclor 1254 disrupted the mRNA expression of 1,308 genes in newborn granule cells. Genes involved in mitochondrial functions were highly enriched with 154 genes significantly increased in exposed compared to control mice. The upregulation of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation was accompanied by signs of endoplasmic reticulum stress and an increase in lipid peroxidation, a marker of oxidative stress, in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus but not in mature granule cells in the granular zone. Aroclor 1254 exposure also disrupted the expression of synaptic genes. Using laser-captured subgranular and granular zones, this effect was restricted to the subgranular zone, where newborn neurons are located. Conclusion: Our data suggest that gene expression in newborn granule cells is disrupted by Aroclor 1254 and provide clues to the effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on the brain.
Reference Ranges for NT-proBNP (N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide) and Risk Factors for Higher NT-proBNP Concentrations in a Large General Population Cohort
Authors: Welsh Paul , Campbell Ross T. , Mooney Leanne , Kimenai Dorien M. , Hayward Caroline , Campbell Archie , Porteous David , Mills Nicholas L. , Lang Ninian N. , Petrie Mark C. , Januzzi James L. , McMurray John J.V. , Sattar Naveed
Published: October 2022

Background:

Demographic differences in expected NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) concentration are not well established. We aimed to establish reference ranges for NT-proBNP and explore the determinants of moderately elevated NT-proBNP under the universal definition of heart failure criteria.

Methods:

This is a cross-sectional study. NT-proBNP was measured in serum from 18 356 individuals without previous cardiovascular disease in the Generation Scotland Scottish Family Health Study. Age- and sex-stratified medians and 97.5th centiles were generated. Sex stratified risk factors for moderately elevated NT-proBNP (≥125 pg/mL) were investigated.

Results:

In males, median (97.5th centile) NT-proBNP concentration at age <30 years was 21 (104) pg/mL, rising to 38 (195) pg/ml at 50 to 59 years, and 281 (6792) pg/mL at ≥80 years. In females, median NT-proBNP at age <30 years was 51 (196) pg/mL, 66 (299) pg/mL at 50 to 59 years, and 240 (2704) pg/mL at ≥80 years. At age <30 years, 9.8% of females and 1.4% of males had elevated NT-proBNP, rising to 76.5% and 81.0%, respectively, at age ≥80 years. After adjusting for risk factors, an NT-proBNP ≥125 pg/mL was more common in females than males (OR, 9.48 [95% CI, 5.60–16.1]). Older age and smoking were more strongly associated with elevated NT-proBNP in males than in females (
P
sex interaction
<0.001, 0.07, respectively). Diabetes was inversely associated with odds of elevated NT-proBNP in females only (
P
sex interaction
=0.007).

Conclusions:

An NT-proBNP ≥125 pg/mL is common in females without classical cardiovascular risk factors as well as older people. If NT-proBNP becomes widely used for screening in the general population, interpretation of NT-proBNP levels will require that age and sex-specific thresholds are used to identify patients with potential pathophysiology.
Economics of Minimalist Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Results From the 3M-TAVR Economic Study
Authors: Butala Neel M. , Wood David A. , Li Haiyan , Chinnakondepalli Khaja , Lauck Sandra B. , Sathananthan Janarthanan , Cairns John A. , Magnuson Elizabeth A. , Barker Madeleine , Webb John G. , Welsh Robert , Cheung Anson , Ye Jian , Velianou James L. , Wijeysundera Harindra C. , Asgar Anita , Kodali Susheel , Thourani Vinod H. , Cohen David J. ,   on behalf of the 3M-TAVR Investigators
Published: October 2022

Background:

The 3M-TAVR trial (3M-Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement) demonstrated the feasibility and safety of next-day hospital discharge after transfemoral TAVR with implementation of a minimalist pathway. However, the economic impact of this approach is unknown. Therefore, we evaluated costs for patients undergoing minimalist TAVR compared with conventional TAVR.

Methods:

We used propensity matching to compare resource utilization and costs (from a US health care system perspective) for patients in the 3M-TAVR trial with those for transfemoral TAVR patients enrolled in the contemporaneous S3i trial (PARTNER SAPIEN-3 Intermediate Risk). Procedural costs were estimated using measured resource utilization for both groups. For the S3i group, all other costs through 30-day follow-up were assessed by linkage with Medicare claims; for 3M, these costs were assessed using regression models derived from S3i cost and resource utilization data.

Results:

After 1:1 propensity matching, 351 pairs were included in our study (mean age 82, mean Society of Thoracic Surgery risk score 5.3%). There were no differences in death, stroke, or rehospitalization between the 3M-TAVR and S3i groups through 30-day follow-up. Index hospitalization costs were $10 843/patient lower in the 3M-TAVR cohort, driven by reductions in procedure duration, anesthesia costs, and length of stay. Between discharge and 30 days, costs were similar for the 2 groups such that cumulative 30-day costs were $11 305/patient lower in the 3M-TAVR cohort compared with the S3i cohort ($49 425 versus $60 729, 95% CI for difference $9378 to $13 138;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:

Compared with conventional transfemoral TAVR, use of a minimalist pathway in intermediate-risk patients was associated with similar clinical outcomes and substantial in-hospital cost savings, which were sustained through 30 days.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02287662.
Determining the Relationship Between Blood Pressure, Kidney Function, and Chronic Kidney Disease: Insights From Genetic Epidemiology
Authors: Staplin Natalie , Herrington William G. , Murgia Federico , Ibrahim Maysson , Bull Katherine R. , Judge Parminder K. , Ng Sarah Y.A. , Turner Michael , Zhu Doreen , Emberson Jonathan , Landray Martin J. , Baigent Colin , Haynes Richard , Hopewell Jemma C.
Published: October 2022

Background:

It is well established that decreased kidney function can increase blood pressure (BP), but it is unproven whether moderately elevated BP causes chronic kidney disease (CKD) or glomerular hyperfiltration.

Methods:

311 119 White British UK Biobank participants were included in logistic regression analyses to estimate the odds of CKD (defined as long-term kidney replacement therapy, estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]< 60mL/min/1.73m
2
, or urinary albumin:creatinine ratio ≥3 mg/mmol) associated with higher genetically predicted BP using genetic risk scores comprising 219 systolic and 223 diastolic BP loci. Analyses estimating associations with clinical categories of eGFR and urinary albumin:creatinine ratio were also conducted, with an eGFR ≥120 mL (min·1.73m
2
) considered evidence of glomerular hyperfiltration.

Results:

21 623 participants had CKD: 7781 with reduced eGFR and 15 500 with albuminuria. 1828 participants had an eGFR ≥120 mL/min/1.73m
2
. Each genetically predicted 10 mmHg higher systolic BP and 5 mmHg higher diastolic BP were associated with a 37% (95% CI, 1.29–1.45) and 19% (1.14–1.25) higher odds of CKD, respectively. Associations were evident for both the reduced eGFR and albuminuria components of the CKD outcome. The odds of hyperfiltration (versus an eGFR ≥60 and <90 mL/min/1.73m
2
were 49% higher (95% CI, 1.21–1.84) for each genetically predicted 10 mmHg higher systolic BP. Associations with CKD and hyperfiltration were similar irrespective of preexisting diabetes, vascular disease, or different levels of adiposity.

Conclusions:

In this general population, genetic epidemiological evidence supports a causal role of life-long differences in BP for decreased kidney function, glomerular hyperfiltration, and albuminuria. Physiological autoregulation may not afford complete renal protection against the moderate BP elevations.