bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRÊS QUESTÕES RELEVANTES SOBRE A EXECUÇÃO POR MENOR QUANTIA EM FACE DA FAZENDA PÚBLICA SOB A PERSPECTIVA DO DIREITO FUNDAMENTAL À EXECUÇÃO DAS DECISÕES JUDICIAIS
Authors: Cantoario Diego Martinez Fervenza
Published: December 2021

Este artigo debate a execução por menor quantia contra a Fazenda Pública sob a perspectiva do direito à execução das decisões judiciais e do princípio da proporcionalidade. Busca-se analisar três questões principais: a ordem cronológica de pagamento, o parcelamento previsto no art. 916 do CPC, e o sequestro de verbas públicas após o prazo para satisfação
O BEM-ESTAR COMO UM VALOR INTANGÍVEL DOS MÉTODOS DE RESOLUÇÃO DE CONFLITOS
Authors: Gómez Francisco Gorjón , Sáenz Karla
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo trata dos valores intangíveis dos métodos de resolução de conflitos, visando desenvolver uma cultura de conciliação social
OS STANDARDS PROBATÓRIOS E A BUSCA DE MAIOR OBJETIVIDADE NA DECISÃO SOBRE OS FATOS
Authors: Peixoto Ravi
Published: December 2021

O artigo tem por objetivo destrinchar o conceito de standard probatório, inserindo-o adequadamente no contexto do procedimento decisório, apresentando as suas principais funções e identificando sua aptidão para tornar mais objetiva a decisão sobre os fatos no processo decisório
JURISPRUDÊNCIA E PRECEDENTES NO DIREITO BRASILEIRO: PANORAMA E PERSPECTIVAS
Authors: Mendes Aluisio Gonçalves de Castro
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo trata dos temas jurisprudência e dos precedentes no direito brasileiro, destacando a estruturação do sistema brasileiro de precedentes, como previsto no Código de Processo Civil de 2015, ressaltando as suas características no âmbito do Direito Processual Comparado
OBSOLESCÊNCIA E PRECEDENTES JUDICIAIS OBRIGATÓRIOS: UMA ANÁLISE A PARTIR DA DOUTRINA DO STARE DECISIS NO REINO UNIDO E NOS ESTADOS UNIDOS DA AMÉRICA
Authors: Koehler Frederico Augusto Leopoldino , Leitão Emiliano Zapata de Miranda
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo examina a obsolescência dos precedentes judiciais obrigatórios e seu papel na aplicação da doutrina do stare decisis no Reino Unido e nos Estados Unidos da América. O método da análise conceitual, através de revisão bibliográfica, é utilizado para identificar suas hipóteses. Propõe uma classificação tripartite destas vinculada aos seus potenciais contextos de origem (judicial, legislativa e social). Analisa a função desempenhada pela obsolescência na evolução do stare decisis. Conclui que ela serve de ponte entre as finalidades instrumentais e pragmáticas do stare decisis (estabilidade e previsibilidade) e as razões de justiça norteadoras do exercício da atividade jurisdicional.
AMPLIAÇÃO DO PAPEL COGNITIVO DO RÉU NO PROCESSO: ANÁLISE DO BINÔNIO RISCO X RESPONSABILIDADE
Authors: Araújo José Henrique Mouta
Published: December 2021

Este ensaio procura refletir sobre os riscos e as responsabilidades das partes no processo, com a análise de institutos jurídicos e a ampliação dos poderes do réu na formação de títulos executivos judiciais em seu favor: dependendo das situações ocorridas no curso do processo, as posições processuais podem ficar invertidas
A CONSTRUÇÃO DE REQUISITOS PARA A PROLAÇÃO DA DECISÃO PARCIAL: ENTRE A COMPLEXIDADE DE QUESTÕES DE FATO E A CONCEPÇÃO DE INDEPENDÊNCIA FÁTICA
Authors: Lemos Vinicius Da Silva
Published: December 2021

Este artigo aborda o estudo da complexidade objetiva do processo e a sua relação com a viabilidade da prolação de uma decisão parcial. A cisão cognitiva e processual do processo necessita de requisitos gerais para a sua construção e, diante desses, as questões de fato são pertinentes e essenciais, com a necessidade de analisar a própria complexidade destas questões e a sua relação com a decisão parcial, formando um conglomerado de requisitos, diante dos diálogos específicos com cada capítulo da jurisdição. O intuito é entender o impacto das questões de fato na construção dos requisitos para a prolação da decisão parcial, com ou sem resolução do mérito
Updated Global Rating Scale standards for 2021
Authors: Marshall Sarah
Published: December 2021

The Joint Advisory Group on Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (JAG) are pleased to launch an updated version of the Global Rating Scale standards
Research round-up
Authors: Bager Palle
Published: December 2021

A brief overview of recently published articles on hepatology and liver nursing
Demography and perturbation analyses of the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Implications for management
Authors: Mariño Yobana A. , Bayman Paul , Sabat Alberto M.
Published: December 2021

The coffee berry borer (CBB)Hypothenemus hampeiFerrari is the most serious pest of coffee worldwide. Management of the CBB is extremely difficult because its entire life cycle occurs inside the fruit, where it is well protected. Knowing which life stages contribute most to population growth, would shed light on the population dynamics of this pest and help to improve CBB management programs. Two staged-classified matrices were constructed for CBB populations reared in the lab on artificial diets and CBB populations from artificial infestations in the field. Matrices were used to determine demographic parameters, to conduct elasticity analyses, and to perform prospective perturbation analysis. Higher values of the intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) and population growth rate (λ): were observed for CBB populations growing in the lab than in the field (rm: 0.058, λ: 1.74 lab;rm: 0.053, λ: 1.32 field). Sensitivity values for both CBB populations were highest for the transitions from larva to pupa (G2: 0.316 lab, 0.352 field), transition from pupa to juvenile (G3: 0.345 lab, 0.515 field) and survival of adult females (P5: 0.324 lab, 0.389 field); these three vital rates can be important targets for CBB management. Prospective perturbation analyses indicated that an effective management for the CBB should consider multiple developmental stages; perturbations of >90% for each transition are necessary to reduce λ to <1. However, when the three vital rates with highest sensitivity are impacted at the same time, the percentage of perturbation is reduced to 25% for each transition; with these reductions in survival of larvae, pupae and adult females the value of λ was reduced from 1.32 to 0.96. Management programs for CBB should be focused on the use of biological and cultural measures that are known to affect these three important targets.
Metsätalouden määräaikainen ympäristötuki: mitä tapahtuu sopimusten päätyttyä?
Authors: Hänninen Harri , Hamunen Katri , Viitala Esa-Jussi , Kurttila Mikko
Published: December 2021

Määräaikaisia kymmenen vuoden metsätalouden ympäristötukisopimuksia on tehty vuodesta 2004. Metsäluonnon monimuotoisuuden turvaamiskeinojen vaikuttavuutta ja kehitystyötä ajatellen on tärkeää tietää, kuinka suuri osuus erääntyneistä sopimuksista on jäänyt uusimatta sekä mistä syystä ja mitä sopimusalueilla on sen jälkeen tapahtunut. Ajanjaksolla 2004–2014, osin sen jälkeenkin, ympäristötuen myöntämisen ehdot sekä valtion määrärahat ovat muuttuneet. Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin uusimattomien ympäristötukisopimusten määrää, metsänomistajien näkemystä siihen, miksei sopimusta ole uusittu, metsänomistajien tyytyväisyyttä ratkaisuun, uusimattomien sopimuskohteiden luonnetta sekä niillä tehtyjä ja suunniteltuja toimenpiteitä. Tutkimus perustuu Suomen metsäkeskuksen tietojärjestelmän aineistoihin sekä sähköposti- ja puhelinkyselyyn metsän­omistajille, joiden sopimus oli tehty vuosina 2004–2008 ja jota ei ollut uusittu helmikuuhun 2020 mennessä. Kyselyyn vastasi 421 metsänomistajaa (vastausprosentti 47). Rekisteritulosten mukaan 46 prosenttia erääntyneistä sopimuksista ja 30 prosenttia niiden pinta-alasta oli jäänyt uusimatta. Kyselytulosten mukaan suurin osa uusimatta jääneiden sopimusten kohteista oli pienvesiä ja niiden lähiympäristöjä (42 %), vähäpuustoisia ja niukkaravinteisia soita (28 %), kallioita, kivikoita tai louhikoita (24 %) tai lehtoja ja reheviä lehtolaikkuja (17 %). Metsänomistajien mukaan keskeisin syy (46 %) sopimusten uusimattomuudelle oli, ettei kohde enää täyttänyt ympäristötuen muuttuneita ehtoja ja kriteereitä. Reilu kolmannes koki, että sopi­muksen uusiminen oli jäänyt jostakin syystä hoitamatta. Viidesosa metsänomistajista ei halunnut uutta sopimusta. Tyytymättömimpiä olivat sopimuksen tilasta epätietoisiksi jääneet ja ne, jotka joutuvat jatkossa rajaamaan aiemmin tukea saaneen kohteen käsittelyjen ulkopuolelle korvauksetta. Noin kuudelle prosentille ilman sopimusta jääneistä ympäristötukialueista oli tehty hakkuita 2,5–6,5 vuotta sopimuksen päättymisen jälkeen, ja metsänomistajista joka viides suunnitteli näille kohteille hakkuita kymmenen seuraavan vuoden aikana. Jatkossa on tärkeää suunnata resursseja metsänomistajille suunnatun viestinnän selkeyteen ja toimintaohjeisiin sopimusten päättyessä.
Előszó a tudománymetriai tematikus számhoz
Authors: Bakacsi Gyula , Dobos Imre , Sasvári Péter
Published: December 2021

A tudománymetria a kutatók, a tudományos intézmények és a tudományos kiadványok, mint folyóiratok és konferenciakötetek stb. teljesítményének mérése és annak módszertana. A Vezetéstudomány ez évi második tematikus száma a tudománymetria gazdaságtudományi oktatókra-kutatókra való alkalmazásának bemutatását tűzi zászlajára. A tematikus szám öt tanulmányt tartalmaz a gazdaságtudományok különböző területeiről, de kiemelten a gazdálkodástudományból.
Pengaruh Media Video Pembelajaran Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun
Authors: Mardhian Ningrum Anggun , Tri Sayekti  , Ratih Kusumawardani
Published: December 2021

Early childhood learning motivation requires guidance and encouragement from older people as a driving motivator. Learning activities in schools are less innovative and interactive, so learning media is needed to increase children's learning motivation. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of learning video media on the learning motivation of children aged 5-6 years. This research refers to experimental quantitative research using a nonequivalent control group design model. Data collection techniques using observation instruments, as well as documentation. Data analysis used SPSS 22 with paired samples test. The subject of this research was carried out at RA Asy Syifa for testing the instrument grid with a total of 30 children with the division of RA AR Ar Rahman class RA B as the experimental group totaling 15 children and RA Daarul Mukhlisin class RA B as the control group totaling 15 children. The results showed that the effect of learning video media on experimental group children before getting treatment (pre-test) got an average value of 33.87, and after getting treatment (post-test), the score was 36.80. The use of learning video media has a good influence in increasing the learning motivation of children aged 5-6 years. In addition, computer-based learning videos make children feel happy and interested, developing aspects of child development. The findings of this study contribute to knowledge about the importance of developing learning videos in early childhood education.
La coherencia de la doctrina trinitaria desde la noción de función de Gottlob Frege
Authors: Vide-Rodríguez Vicente
Published: December 2021

En este artículo se pretende mostrar la coherencia de los enunciados sobre el Dios uno y trino en la teología analítica, a partir de su formulación en el llamado credo atanasiano. Se ofrece un panorama crítico sobre la discusión acerca de la inteligibilidad del misterio de la Trinidad en la teología filosófica analítica reciente, así como las diversas soluciones en algunos de sus más destacados representantes: la del trinitarianismo social (William Hasker), la del trinitarianismo latino (Brian Leftow) y la identidad relativa aplicada a la teoría trinitaria (Peter van Inwagen). Para superar las dificultades que tienen estas posiciones, derivadas, sobre todo, de su problemática noción de persona, se presenta una contribución a esta discusión con un novedoso análisis de la Trinidad, basado en la noción de función de Gottlob Frege. Con este análisis se explica por qué no hay contradicción entre los enunciados trinitarios, y así se justifica la consistencia y, en consecuencia, la coherencia de la doctrina trinitaria.

Abstract: This article aims to show the coherence of the statements about the one and triune God in analytic theology, starting from their formulation in the so-called Athanasian Creed. It offers a critical overview of the discussion about the intelligibility of the mystery of the Trinity in recent analytic philosophical theology, as well as the various solutions in some of its most prominent representatives: the social trinitarianism (William Hasker), the Latin trinitarianism (Brian Leftow) and the relative identity applied to trinitarian theory (Peter van Inwagen). In order to overcome the difficulties with these positions, derived, above all, from their problematic notion of personhood, a contribution to this discussion is presented with a novel analysis of the Trinity, based on Gottlob Frege's notion of function. This analysis explains why there is no contradiction between trinitarian statements, and thus justifies the consistency and, consequently, the coherence of trinitarian doctrine.
A remuneração docente no Siope: Limites e potencialidades do Banco Dados Analíticos
Authors: Cruz Rosana Evangelista da , Silva Magna Jovita Gomes de Sales e , Sousa Maria Osmarina Moura Bezerra de
Published: December 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é problematizar os limites e as potencialidades do Banco Dados Analíticos do Sistema de Informações sobre Orçamentos Públicos em Educação (Siope), para as pesquisas sobre remuneração docente. A metodologia implicou na definição do Siope como fonte básica para a análise documental, acrescida da legislação e da literatura que trata da temática. A extração, organização e análise descritiva dos dados tiveram apoio no software IBM SPSS Statistics. As possibilidades analíticas do referido Banco foram testadas a partir da análise dos dados do Siope sobre os municípios do Piauí, no ano de 2019. Os dados do Siope informam o descumprimento do Piso Salarial Profissional Nacional em 1/3 dos vencimentos de 12.717 docentes de 163 redes municipais. O Siope tem potenciais significativos para as pesquisas sobre remuneração docente, por informar os dados detalhados dos trabalhadores da educação dos municípios brasileiros, incluindo formação, carga horária de trabalho e política remuneratória, por unidade escolar, desde a instituição do Piso. No entanto, o uso inadequado dos conceitos de vencimento e remuneração indicam a necessidade de ajustes na forma de organização e alimentação dos dados, condição necessária para que sirvam como fonte de informação para o controle social sobre as políticas públicas de educação.
O custo-aluno, calculado por escola, revela condições de desigualdade ou de diferença?
Authors: Ferraz Jokasta Pires Vieira
Published: December 2021

O problema de pesquisa que norteia este estudo é: o custo por aluno, calculado individualmente para cada escola de ensino fundamental, pertencentes a mesma rede municipal de ensino, revela condições de financiamento desiguais ou diferentes? Para desenvolver este estudo, os conceitos de desigualdade e diferença foram problematizados a partir de Therborn (2010, 2015, 2016), Sen (2010, 2017), Dubet (2004, 2008) e Marta Arretche (2015, 2018). A pesquisa foi realizada com dados de 185 escolas, da rede municipal de Curitiba dos anos de 2017 e 2016. As variáveis financeiras são: banco de dados contendo a folha de pagamento desagregada por escola, recursos destinados a alimentação escolar, faturas de água, energia elétrica e telefone, recursos utilizados para o transporte escolar, valores destinados para cada escola pelo Fundo Rotativo Municipal e pelo Programa Dinheiro Direto na Escola. Os dados financeiros foram organizados por escola e foi efetuado um cálculo dividindo o custo total de cada uma pelo número de estudantes matriculados, e disso resultou o custo por aluno-ano de cada escola. O custo-aluno foi analisado em conjunto com algumas variáveis de contexto. Os resultados são: custo-aluno-ano médio de R$ 8.145,20; o menor custo-aluno foi R$ 4.556,06 e o maior foi R$ 34.462,81.
Políticas educacionais e o Programa de Fiscalização em Entes Federativos: Corrupção, má gestão ou incapacidade institucional dos recursos da assistência financeira da união?
Authors: Araujo Gilda Cardoso de , Vargas Neide César , Pimenta Pedro Paulo
Published: December 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a assistência financeira da União aos municípios para a educação básica, a partir da atuação da Controladoria Geral da União (CGU) em auditorias realizadas no âmbito do Programa de Fiscalização em Entes Federativos (PFEF) durante o 5º ciclo de fiscalização (2016-2018). Para tanto, levando em conta o debate sobre a utilização dos recursos públicos federais na educação básica pelas áreas da Administração Pública, Ciências Contábeis e Economia (bem como por outras áreas) e utilizando os aportes teóricos de Susan Rose-Ackerman, Ray Fisman e Miriam A. Golden junto com as técnicas de análise de conteúdo de Laurence Bardin, tipificamos as irregularidades encontradas nos 57 relatórios em três categorias: corrupção, má gestão e incapacidade institucional. Os resultados, em síntese, indicam uma maior incidência de irregularidades nos casos de má gestão e incapacidade institucional em relação à corrupção, sendo necessária uma ação mais efetiva de assistência técnica da União aos municípios mais vulneráveis, bem como estudos qualitativos sobre a gestão dos programas federais no nível municipal.
DIGITAL MODEL OF BOILER HEAT BALANCE
Authors:   Scientific and Production Company UralTermoComplex, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation,, Toropov E. , Lymbina L. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
Published: December 2021

The normative method (NM) of boilers thermal calculation, repeatedly confirmed and refined, contains the structure of ideas and methods that were retained and adapted during the transition to digital technologies. As applied to the analysis of the heat balance of a boiler with flare furnaces, this required the transformation of a large array of initial and reference data, which cannot be applied unchanged when using a computer. This applies to graphical and tabular data, which form up to 80 % of the volume of NM. To obtain the correlation dependences, the authors use a simple and reliable method of unknown coefficients with the inclusion of a verification algorithm, in the case of equidistant arguments these are the Gregory-Newton coefficients. As shown by a preliminary analysis, for almost all dependencies a polynomial of the second degreesometimes replaced by two polynomials is sufficient. By varying the determining factors in the range of nominal values ±20 %, the model response was obtained in the form of a change in fuel consumption. Quantitatively, all material corre-sponds to the normative data, is presented in digital format and methodically corresponds to the Mathcad-15 package. In contrast to the well-known works in this area, all factors affecting the heat balance are represented by approximations taking into account the variability of temperature and pressure.
PARAMETERIZED SAVINGS HEURISTIC FOR OPTIMIZING INFIELD CABLE ROUTING OF OFFSHORE WIND FARMS
Authors:   Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Davydov D. , Obukhov S.
Published: December 2021

The article discusses an approach to solving the problem of optimizing the routing of infield power cables layout to improve the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of offshore wind farms. Optimization seeks to reduce the total cost of the infield collection system while bearing in mind the constraints including use of sufficiently sized cables and the required absence of cable crossings in the circuit diagram. The problem is a degree-constrained capacitated minimum spanning tree (DCMST) problem with dependent node costs. Search for solu-tion is based on an integrated approach that uses a hybrid optimization algorithm, which combines a parameterized savings heuristic and particle swarm optimization to optimize the parameters of the primary algorithm, ultimately enabling better solutions. Several tests have been performed to compare the constructed circuit diagrams against solutions yielded by other algorithms; tests showed the proposed approach to significantly improve the efficiency of the constructed circuits as demonstrated in a series of tests and evaluated by comparison with other methods, as well as by comparing the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the optimized routing against the actual layout of the Walney 1 offshore wind farm.
UTILIZING THE HYDROPOWER OF RIVERS IN THE MINING ZONE TO ADVANCE HYDROPOWER ENGINEERING IN CHELYABINSK REGION
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Kozhevnikov E. , Vakhrushev A.
Published: December 2021

The hydropower resources of Chelyabinsk Region are estimated at 0.26 million kWh, and the technical hydropower potential is about 0.94 billion kWh. However, the existence of programs for the development of hydropower, favorable conditions for electricity generation, and the feasibility studies of hydropower projects have all so far failed to improve the local hydropower industry. The ever-worsening power imbalance in Che-lyabinsk Region calls for more research on the issue. A new program for the advancement of hydropower will help tackle energy shortages and be an important milestone of Russian research in the field of hydropower in the international context of transition to renewable energy. The region’s hydropower potential is mainly contained in its mining zone, studies have shown. Therefore, the rivers of this zone arguable form a strong foundation for the development of hydropower. The authors hereof do not agree with the common opinion that hydraulic structures may not be placed in mountain regions. While not denying the presence of environmental and technical limitations in such areas, we focus on the fact that they are not critical and can be addressed by taking reasonable tradeoffs, including optimal placement of HPP hydraulics. The goal hereof is to show the importance and prospects of developing the region’s hydropower by utilizing the hydropower potential of the rivers in Chelyabinsk Region’s mining zone.
DEVELOPING AN AUTOMATED CONTROLLER FOR A SOLAR HEATING SYSTEM
Authors:   Institute of Information and Computational Technologies CS MES RK, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Amirgaliyev E. , Kunelbayev M. , Sundetov T.
Published: December 2021

The paper discusses the development of an automated controller for a Mojo v3-based solar heating system. The developed system operates using 6 sensors (DS18B20 Dallas) expanding the platform's applicability. An in-tegrated system allows controlling temperature and heat using Dallas sensors. The control and monitoring system is implemented in the VHDL and VERILOG languages. A control algorithm has been developed that activates libraries and constants, a real-time clock module, temperature sensors, and server connection. When the server connection is established, the temperature sensor readings are recorded and saved in the XML file in the Ethernet module. XML facilitates data processing by automatically or manually interpreting spreadsheet programs.
Gaya Bahasa Dalam Lirik Lagu Kaze Wo Hamu Karya N-Buna
Authors: Hastuti Nur
Published: December 2021

Music is a work of art in the form of a song that expresses the feelings of its creator through the main elements of music, namely rhythm, melody, harmony and others. The purpose of this study was to determine the style of language in the lyrics of the song kaze wo hamu by n-buna. The method uses stylistics. Based on the results of research and discussion on the lyrics of the song kaze wo hamu by n-buna, it is found that there is a style of language. Hyperbole is 6, repetition is 3, personification is 2, synesthesia is 2, and tautology is 1. The existence of language style in a song lyric further enhances the meaning to be conveyed to music lovers.
Pembuatan Karbon Aktif dari Limbah Plastik PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) Menggunakan Aktivator KOH
Authors: Oko Syarifuddin , Mustafa Mustafa , Kurniawan Andri , Norfitria Lintang
Published: December 2021

Pengunaan plastik setiap hari mengakibatkan terjadinya penumpukan sampah plastik yang dapat mencemari lingkungan dan menjadi salah satu masalah serius yang harus ditangani karena plastik tidak dapat terdegradasi. Plastik merupakan senyawa yang unsur penyusun utamanya adalah karbon dan hidrogen. Sehingga limbah plastik berpotensi sebagai pembuatan karbon aktif dan akan membuat limbah plastik menjadi lebih bermanfaat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi aktivator dan waktu aktivasi terhadap proses aktivasi fisika kimia sehingga menghasilkan produk karbon aktif yang sesuai dengan SNI 06-3730-1995. Plastik PET terlebih dahulu dikarbonasi pada temperatur 480oC selama 2 jam menggunakan furnace hingga membentuk arang. Lalu, direndam dalam aseton selama 24 jam. Setelah itu disaring dan dikeringkan menggunakan oven pada temperatur 110oC selama 3 jam dan dilanjutkan dengan proses aktivasi fisika pada temperatur 750oC selama 2 jam. Karbon yang telah teraktivasi fisika selanjutnya diaktivasi secara kimia dengan menggunakan KOH konsentrasi 1 M, 2 M, 3 M, dan 4M dengan variasi waktu  2 jam dan 4 jam. Diperoleh hasil terbaik yaitu pada karbon aktif dengan konsentrasi KOH 4 M dan waktu aktivasi 2 jam dengan nilai daya serap iod sebesar 980,17 mg/g, kadar abu 0,28%, kadar air 7,55%, dan kadar volatile matter 3,47%. Karbon aktif yang diperoleh telah memenuhi SNI 06-3730-1995.The use of plastic every day results in the accumulation of plastic waste that can pollute the environment and was a serious problem that must be addressed because plastic cannot be degraded. Plastic was a compound whose main constituent elements were carbon and hydrogen. So that plastic waste has the potential to produce activated carbon and will make plastic waste more useful. This study aims to determine the effect of activator concentration and activation time on the physical-chemical activation process so as to produce activated carbon products in accordance with SNI 06-3730-1995. PET plastik was first carbonated at a temperature of 480oC for 2 hours using a furnace to form charcoal. Then, soaked in acetone for 24 hours. After that it was filtered and dried using an oven at a temperature of 110oC for 3 hours and continued with the physical activation process at a temperature of 750oC for 2 hours. The physically activated carbon was then chemically activated using KOH concentrations of 1 M, 2 M, 3 M, and 4 M with time variations of 2 hours and 4 hours. The best results were obtained on activated carbon with a concentration of KOH 4 M and an activation time of 2 hours with an iodine absorption value of 980.17 mg/g, 0.28% ash content, 7.55% water content, and volatile matter levels 3,47%. Activated carbon obtained has complied with SNI 06-3730-1995.
Welebit i perypatetyczny transgatunek – od Petara Zoranicia do Edo Popovicia
Authors: Marjanić Suzana
Published: December 2021

W artykule pasmo górskie Welebit interpretowane jest jako przestrzeń literatury perypatetycznej. Autorka na początku skupia się na powieści pasterskiej Petara Zoranicia Planine (napisanej w 1536 roku, wydanej w 1569), w której autor oprócz osobistych opisów o konwencjonalnej miłosnej „bolączce” problematyzuje też ogólną sytuację o „rozproszonym dziedzictwie” (niebezpieczeństwo ze strony Turków i Wenecjan). W odróżnieniu od wyimaginowanej podróży Zoranicia, wykoncypowanej jako alegoryczna podróż poznawcza na welebickich szlakach, Edo Popović w transgatunkowym utworze Priručnik za hodače (2009) – swoimi wędrówkami zen po Welebicie oraz z życiową zasadą „dobrowolnego ubóstwa” – w ślad za matrycą ekologiczną zaproponowaną przez Henry’ego Davida Thoreau, 440 lat po powieści Zoranicia (by wprowadzić nieco symboliki) ujawnia socjogramy nie tylko „rozproszonego dziedzictwa”, ale także globalnego porządku świata. Trylogię relacji z podróży, literaturę górską Edo Popovicia można określić jako literaturę perypatetyczną o Welebicie, ze wskazaniem, że jest to opis podróży, literatura górska o zaangażowanym stosunku do rzeczywistości.
O Mistrzyni i pamięci aktywnej
Authors: Kwiatkowska-Ratajczak Maria
Published: December 2021

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Czcij (…), abyś długo żył na ziemi. O czwartym przykazaniu z myślą o podręcznikach i lekcjach języka polskiego
Authors: Bakuła Kordian
Published: December 2021

Artykuł ma na celu pokazanie napięcia między starotestamentowym nakazem motywowanym religijnie czcij ojca swego i matkę swoją…, a współczesnym nam, ziemskim, ludzkim szanuj ojca i matkę, szanuj rodziców. Sposobem na osiągnięcie tego celu będą czynności dydaktyczne poszerzające pole wiedzy: przeczytanie pełnych wersji przykazania czwartego; poznanie strasznych kar grożących za uchybianie czci rodzicom; przywołanie scen składania ofiar z dzieci; czytanie polskich interpretacji czwartego przykazania przez M. Reja i E. Glicznera. Wniosek: dla nas na nasze czasy najbardziej odpowiednim jest wymaganie naturalnego szacunku dzieci dla rodziców – bez pośrednictwa dawnych religijnych mniemań.
Kształcenie umiejętności pisania w edukacji polonistycznej w XXI wieku– od sprawności do kreatywności
Authors: Nocoń Jolanta
Published: December 2021

W artykule postawiona została teza, iż ze względu na wzrost rangi umiejętności pisania we współczesnym świecie konieczna wydaje się potrzeba dydaktycznej refleksji nad uczeniem pisania w L1, tym bardziej że koncepcje kształcenia tej kompetencji powstały jeszcze w XX wieku, w zgoła odmiennej rzeczywistości kulturowo-komunikacyjnej, i trwają w edukacji polonistycznej do dziś. Rozważania prowadzą w stronę rozpoznania problemów, z którymi należałoby się zmierzyć i zagadnień, które należałoby rozważyć, by nadać pisaniu adekwatną rangę edukacyjną w stosunku do rangi kulturowo-komunikacyjneji w rezultacie wziąć większą odpowiedzialności za osiągane efektykształcenia. Dydaktyka i praktyka uczenia pisania w L1 wymagają modyfikacji, a inspiracji metodycznych można szukać w najnowszym dorobku językoznawstwa, co pokazano na przykładzie wykorzystania koncepcji Marii Wojtako wariantach wzorca gatunkowego do przeciwdziałania schematyzmowi tekstów redagowanych przez uczniów.
Podżeganie i pomocnictwo do czynu popełnianego za granicą
Authors: Demenko Anna
Published: December 2021

Artykuł poświęcony jest problematyce odpowiedzialności karnej podżegacza i pomocnika za podżeganie lub pomocnictwo do czynów, które mają zostać popełnione poza terytorium Polski. Zgodnie z art. 18 § 2 i § 3 polskiego Kodeksu karnego nakłanianie do oraz ułatwianie popełnienia czynu zabronionego jest zabronione pod groźbą kary. Wątpliwe jest przy tym to, czy owe regulacje mają zastosowanie do sytuacji, gdy czyn, do którego popełnienia sprawca nakłania lub popełnienie którego ułatwia, ma być realizowany za granicą. Co do zasady możliwości takiej wyłączyć nie można. Istnieją jednak pewne kategorie czynów, w odniesieniu do których karalność podżegania czy pomocnictwa do ich zagranicznego popełnienia jest wyłączona. Po pierwsze, z uwagi na to, że znamię danej czynność wykonawczej może wypełnić jedynie zachowanie na terenie Polski, po drugie, dlatego że dane dobro może zostać zaatakowane tylko w kraju oraz, po trzecie, ponieważ wykonanie czynu za granicą nie będzie miało charakteru nieostrożnego, przekraczającego dozwolone ryzyko.
Pokoleniowość w świecie smartfonów, algorytmizacji i sztucznej inteligencji
Authors: Wrzesień Witold
Published: December 2021

W konsekwencji stałego przyspieszenia procesu cywilizacyjnych zmian, w znacznym stopniu generowanego dynamicznym rozwojem technologii informatycznych, w ostatnich latach doszło do istotnych przemian niemal wszystkich otaczających nas i współtworzonych przez nas przestrzeni świata życia codziennego. W efekcie powyższych tworzą się, nieistniejące wcześniej, nowe płaszczyzny pokoleniowych relacji – subświaty teraźniejszej przeszłości i teraźniejszej przyszłości, oraz nowe linie podziałów, skutkujące nowymi sposobami realizacji roli przedstawiciela własnego pokolenia. W subświecie pokoleń obserwujemy coraz wyraźniej zarysowujące się modyfikacje cech charakteryzujących tożsamość społeczną pokoleń oraz zmiany w procesie dyferencjacji pokoleń. Prezentowany tekst stanowi próbę wstępnej diagnozy zasygnalizowanych powyżej zmian.
Przeciwdziałanie bezdomności zwierząt jako problem społeczny
Authors: Mamzer Hanna , Nowak Paweł
Published: December 2021

Bezdomność zwierząt w krajach kultury zachodniej jest poważnym wyzwaniem społecznym, ze względu na dobrostan populacji ludzkich i zwierzęcych. W związku z tym coraz większy nacisk kładzie się na kontrolowanie wielkości populacji zwierząt towarzyszących, szczególnie zwierząt bezdomnych i wolno bytujących. Najczęściej wskazuje się trzy metody ograniczania bezdomności zwierząt: edukowanie właścicieli, trwałe znakowanie zwierząt oraz sterylizacje/kastracje zwierząt. W Polsce obowiązek zapobiegania bezdomności zwierząt spoczywa na samorządach gminnych. Mimo że polski ustawodawca umożliwia gminom wprowadzanie programów sterylizacji/ kastracji zwierząt mających opiekunów, niewiele gmin z tego korzysta, co jest oceniane krytycznie przez Najwyższa Izbę Kontroli. W niniejszym tekście zaprezentowano wyniki badań wprowadzania przez gminy w Wielkopolsce programów sterylizacji/ kastracji zwierząt właścicielskich, a także przyczyn niechęci samorządów do przeznaczania środków na realizację tych programów.
Sektor małych i średnich przedsiębiorców a metodyka projektowania aktów normatywnych w prawie polskim
Authors: Wasilewski Rafał R.
Published: December 2021

Artykuł w zwięzły sposób prezentuje pojęcie oraz specyfikę sektora MŚP, wskazując, że uwarunkowania prawne mogą stanowić barierę dla tworzenia i rozwoju tego sektora przedsiębiorstw. Na gruncie ustalonych barier prawnych wskazano działania organów unijnych oraz krajowych zmierzające do likwidacji tych barier w kontekście procesu legislacyjnego, np. Small Business Act, Strategia na rzecz Odpowiedzialnego Rozwoju do roku 2020 (z perspektywą do 2030 r.). W pracy analizie poddano również przepisy regulujące zasady techniki prawodawczej oraz akty normatywne z obszaru prawa gospodarczego odnoszące się do kwestii metodyki prac legislacyjnych. Wynikiem tych badań jest ustalenie, że w art. 66 ust. 1 pkt 2 oraz art. 68 Prawa przedsiębiorców zaakcentowano szczególną pozycję sektora MŚP i wprowadzono rozwiązania powodujące konieczność uwzględniania specyfiki tych przedsiębiorców na etapie projektowania aktów normatywnych.
O dopuszczalności antycypującego odrzucenia spadku w prawie polskim
Authors: Jasiakiewicz Tomasz
Published: December 2021

W polskiej doktrynie i judykaturze dominuje pogląd, że po śmierci spadkodawcy, osobom dziedziczącym w drugiej i dalszej kolejności przysługuje uprawnienie do odrzucenia spadku, o ile osoby silniej powołane nie chcą lub nie mogą być spadkobiercami. Stanowisko to jest niekorzystne dla osób słabiej powołanych do spadku. Wcześniejsze (antycypujące) odrzucenie spadku uznawane jest bowiem za nieważne jako dokonane pod warunkiem, że odrzucający spadek zostanie spadkobiercą (art. 1018 § 1 k.c.). W artykule podjęto próbę krytyki tego stanowiska. Zdaniem autora z chwilą śmierci spadkodawcy oświadczenie o odrzuceniu spadku może być złożone także przez osobę słabiej powołaną do spadku, a więc dziedziczącą w drugiej i dalszej kolejności. Skuteczność takiej czynności, z uwagi na obowiązywanie conditio iuris, jest jednak zawieszona do chwili, w której okaże się, że osoby silniej powołane do spadku nie chcą lub nie mogą być spadkobiercami. Antycypujące odrzucenie spadku de lege lata jest zatem dopuszczalne. Wobec rozbieżności w doktrynie i jednoznacznego stanowiska judykatury w artykule w ramach uwag de lege ferenda zaproponowano wprowadzenie do Kodeksu cywilnego stosownego uregulowania na wzór § 1946 BGB.
A clinical reasoning curriculum for medical students: an interim analysis
Authors: Connor Denise M. , Narayana Sirisha , Dhaliwal Gurpreet
Published: December 2021

Objectives

Diagnostic error is a critical patient safety issue that can be addressed in part through teaching clinical reasoning. Medical schools with clinical reasoning curricula tend to emphasize general reasoning concepts (e.g., differential diagnosis generation). Few published curricula go beyond teaching the steps in the diagnostic process to address how students should structure their knowledge to optimize diagnostic performance in future clinical encounters or to discuss elements outside of individual cognition that are essential to diagnosis.

Methods

In 2016, the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine launched a clinical reasoning curriculum that simultaneously emphasizes reasoning concepts and intentional knowledge construction; the roles of patients, families, interprofessional colleagues; and communication in diagnosis. The curriculum features a longitudinal thread beginning in first year, with an immersive three week diagnostic reasoning (DR) course in the second year. Students evaluated the DR course. Additionally, we conducted an audit of the multiyear clinical reasoning curriculum using the Society to Improve Diagnosis in Medicine-Macy Foundation interprofessional diagnostic education competencies.

Results

Students rated DR highly (range 4.13–4.18/5 between 2018 and 2020) and reported high self-efficacy with applying clinical reasoning concepts and communicating reasoning to supervisors. A course audit demonstrated a disproportionate emphasis on individual (cognitive) competencies with inadequate attention to systems and team factors in diagnosis.

Conclusions

Our clinical reasoning curriculum led to high student self-efficacy. However, we stressed cognitive aspects of reasoning with limited instruction on teams and systems. Diagnosis education should expand beyond the cognitive- and physician-centric focus of most published reasoning courses.
A review of genetic classification and characteristics of soil cracks
Authors: Yan Jiaping , Chen Xiaoyang , Cai Yi , Cheng Fangkui , Fan Tingyu
Published: December 2021

Soil cracks are one of the most important physical properties of soil. The formation of soil cracks is a result of interactions between the inner and external conditions of soil. Specifically, the inner conditions include physical and chemical properties of soil, and the external conditions refer to natural and anthropogenic factors. Previous studies of soil cracks mainly focus on the soil properties and the natural environment (NE), such as soil cracks produced by biotic and abiotic processes. Very few studies have focused on the soil environmental changes induced by other external conditions, such as geological processes and anthropogenic activity. To systematically illustrate the soil fissure, according to the characteristics of soil cracks, and considering the properties of soil preferential flow path, the geneses and the characteristics of soil cracks have been comprehensively analyzed and summarized in this study. Two major types of soil cracks have been proposed: one is the cracks caused by NE and the other is the cracks caused by anthropogenic activity. Additionally, based on the specific differences of these geneses, these two types of soil cracks have been further divided into six subtypes and fourteen sub-subtypes, respectively. In this article, a genetic classification method of soil cracks is systematically proposed, which provides a new approach for the related research of soil cracks.
Crystal structure of 3-allyl-4-(2-bromoethyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-phenylfuran, C22H21BrO2
Authors: Yu Haiyan , Li Jihong
Published: December 2021

C21H21BrO2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 22.175(2) Å, b = 5.8375(6) Å, c = 14.8729(14) Å, β = 100.936(1)°, V = 1890.3(3) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0343, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0839, T = 296(2) K.
The Handmaid’s Tale: Reproductive Labour and the Social Embeddedness of Markets
Authors: Pötzsch Janelle
Published: December 2021

In episode 6 of the first season of The Handmaid’s Tale (2017–, MGM Television), the Republic of Gilead welcomes a trade delegation of the United Mexican States. Offred’s hope that the ensuing trade agreement between Gilead and Mexico would eventually bring the sexual exploitation she and the other handmaids suffer to public are quickly dashed. During a chance encounter at the house of Offred’s master, the Mexican ambassador Mrs Castillo confides in Offred that Mexico is suffering a fertility crisis just like Gilead. Her country is seriously considering trading with Gilead in handmaids (season 1, episode 6, “A Woman’s Place”). My article will use this episode as a starting point to reflect on the correlation between women’s social and economic status. I will illustrate how The Handmaid’s Tale demonstrates that markets are socially embedded and thereby reproduce and amplify social and political inequalities. This series thereby also functions as a powerful validation of the asymmetry thesis concerning markets in reproductive labour.
Approximate fixed points and fixed points for multi-valued almost E-contractions
Authors: Hoc Nguyen Huu
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we introduce the concept of multi-valued almost E-contractions. We then present some approximate fixed point and fixed point results for such mappings in metric spaces. Our results generalize and improve several well-known results in literature. We also provide several illustrative examples to compare our findings with some earlier results. An application to homotopy theory is given.
Towards sustainable European grassland farming with Inno4Grass: an infrastructure for innovation and knowledge sharing
Authors: Krause A. , Becker T. , Feindt P.H. , Huyghe C. , Van den Pol-van Dasselaar A. , O’Donovan M.
Published: December 2021

European agriculture is facing tremendous challenges related to the rapid decrease in farm populations, competitiveness on open markets and the preservation of natural resources. Grasslands, which are highly significant for nature conservation often face land-use competition with arable cropping, urbanisation and other uses. Farmers need dedicated innovations to improve the economic performance of grasslands and their effective implementation in practice. This requires co-creation of knowledge between researchers and farmland practitioners, as was broadly pointed out by the European Commission. This paper describes a novel approach for creating a collaborative space for grassland innovations contributing to profitability of European grassland farms while preserving environmental benefits. Innovative modes of collaboration between practice and science are enabled by an international thematic network across eight European member states. A methodology that serves to collect farmers’ innovative ideas and to stimulate collaboration among various stakeholders (farmers’ groups, extension services, education and research) including cross-border collaborations, where grassland-related knowledge is made available for local conditions. This interactive innovation model fosters knowledge exchange and establishes a farmland-specific information management system. The aim is to stimulate a renewed, collaborative innovation culture for European Union (EU) grasslands. The methods are conceptualised and put into practice by the thematic network project Inno4Grass funded under Horizon 2020.
Processos de subjetivação e acontecimento comunicacional
Authors: Venera José Isaías
Published: December 2021

Com este artigo, busca-se demarcar uma perspectiva teórica para os estudos da comunicação com base nos processos de subjetivação. No trabalho, desenvolvem-se as noções de acontecimento e de comunicação que integram a Nova Teoria da Comunicação, de Ciro Marcondes Filho, e procura-se acentuar os estudos que abordam questões da subjetividade. O que justifica esse olhar comunicacional é o pressuposto de um conceito que mobilize os modos de constituição de si. O objetivo é articular um conceito de comunicação cujo centro não é o media, mas o processo e, nele, os modos de constituição do sujeito. A pesquisa bibliográfica tem referencial teórico pós-estruturalista. Conclui-se que a articulação do campo da comunicação com as questões da subjetividade depende de um olhar específico fundamentado em um conceito comunicacional pelo qual se desenvolve a articulação.
A new Lepanthes (Pleurothallidinae) from South-western Colombia
Authors: Baquero Luis E. , Galindo-Tarazona Robinson , Haelterman David , Zuluaga Alejandro
Published: December 2021

A new species of Lepanthes from southwestern Colombia is presented here. Lepanthes farallonensis belongs to the informal group “manabina”, which comprises species with concave and commonly pubescent leaves, flowers resting at the adaxial side of the leaves, and the synsepal with short to long tails. Lepanthes farallonensis is similar to L. smaragdina in the broadly ovate dorsal sepal but differs in the conspicuously twisted upper lobes of the petals, outwardly bent and a depression at the center of the laminae of the lip.
Análise de manifestações patológicas e proposta de recuperação estrutural de um reservatório suspenso
Authors: Esmério Pimentel Thais , De Souza Alves Franciele , Wainer Franco Lima Herik , Rubbioli Cordeiro William , Lucia Evangelista Marina , Martins Jefferson
Published: December 2021

A corrosão das estruturas de concreto armado é uma manifestação patológica encontrada na construção civil, decorrente de falha de controle tecnológico, e falta de manutenções preventivas. É importante o conhecimento da origem e das causas da corrosão da armadura e do histórico da construção, para que se possa apontar em que fase do processo aconteceu, o erro que veio a gerar determinado problema patológico e determinar as soluções mais viáveis. Para a execução deste estudo foi realizada visita técnica em um clube localizado em Juiz de Fora - MG que apresenta patologia de corrosão por íons cloreto na laje suspensa de uma piscina. Mediante uma investigação detalhada e minuciosa da bibliografia existente, a proposição da solução mais adequada para correção, recuperação e reforço estrutural inclui três fases, sendo a preliminar abrangendo a demarcação de áreas, escoramento, remoção do concreto e limpeza das armaduras; a fase de recuperação envolve reposição de armaduras, limpeza da superfície, revestimento do aço e concreto, e reparos; e a fase estrutural incorpora adição de armadura, ancoragem, grauteamento e impermeabilização. Apresenta-se a solução mais viável financeiramente aos recursos do clube.
Palavras-chave: Manifestação patológica; recuperação estrutural; reservatório suspenso.