bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Native Plants and Native Peoples: A Community Workshop at the Sam Noble Museum
Authors: Swan Daniel C. , Minnis Paul
Published: December 2014

This project report describes a workshop—Native Plants and Native Peoples—held on August 8, 2014 at the Sam Noble Museum, University of Oklahoma.
In Sun’s Likeness and Power: Cheyenne Accounts of Shield and Tipi Heraldry (Mooney)
Authors: Berlo Janet Catherine
Published: December 2014

This work is a book review considering the title In Sun’s Likeness and Power: Cheyenne Accounts of Shield and Tipi Heraldry by James Mooney, transcribed and edited by Father Peter J. Powell.
Africa Interweave: Textile Diasporas (Cooksey, ed.)
Authors: Buggenhagen Beth A.
Published: December 2014

This work is a book review considering the title Africa Interweave: Textile Diasporas edited by Susan Cooksey.
Books and Media Received
Authors: Jackson Jason Baird
Published: December 2014

This item is a listing of scholarly works submitted to the editorial office for possible review.
Gewinnung und Verarbeitung hyperspektraler Fluoreszenzbilder zur optischen Mineralklassifikation
Authors: Bauer Sebastian , Puente León Fernando
Published: December 2014

Auf der Suche nach schnellen, zuverlässigen und kostengünstigen Verfahren zur industriellen Mineralsortierung werden neue Wege beschritten. Wir stellen ein bisher noch nicht untersuchtes Verfahren vor: die Analyse der Mineralfluoreszenz mittels hyperspektraler Bildaufnahmen. Dabei werden die Minerale mit ultraviolettem Licht angeregt und deren Fluoreszenzantwort im sichtbaren Wellenlängenbereich spektral und örtlich aufgelöst untersucht. Es werden die hyperspektralen Aufnahmen sowie durch Bildglättung verbesserte Klassifikationsergebnisse präsentiert.
Ein intelligentes, vernetztes
präzisionsmesstechnisches Konzept als strategischer Ansatz im Forschungs- und
Industriebereich
Authors: Durakbasa Numan M. , Bas Gökcen , Bauer Jorge M. , Kräuter Lukas
Published: December 2014

Die Fertigungsindustrie steht zur Zeit vor den großen Herausforderungen
des globalen Wettbewerbs, die sich mit steigenden Kosten
für Energie und Rohstoffe auf der einen Seite sowie mit gesteigerten
Qualitätsansprüchen bei einer hohen
Produkttechnologie- und
Innovationserwartungs-haltung der Kunden auf der
anderen Seite beschäftigen muss. In der nächsten
Dekade wird der Gesamtfortschritt der Technik neue Strategien zur Steigerung
der internationalen Akzeptanz und positiven Bewältigung des zunehmenden
Wettbewerbs am globalen Markt erfordern.

Dieses Paper ist ein Vorschlag für einen strategischen
Ansatz, um eine fortschrittliche und intelligente
vernetzte Messtechnik mit automatisierten Mess- und
Auswerteverfahren sowie größten Genauigkeiten und kleinsten
Messunsicherheiten der Messprozesse für den
Forschungs- und Hochschulbereich,
sowie gleichzeitig für die Fertigungsindustrie zu
etablieren. An Hand eines Beispiels werden zunächst
die Modellierung der Entwicklung, die Konstruktion und
die Durchführung der Experimente in einem interuniversitären
Netzwerk gezeigt. Hierbei wird die Kooperation und
Umsetzung der Arbeitsschritte in zwei entfernten
Forschungslabors, nämlich dem
Nanotechnologie-Labor AuM der TU Wien in Österreich
und dem Regelungstechnik-Labor der
UTN-FRBA in Argentinien,
beschrieben.
Mess- und Analysemethoden in der Laserakustik bei breitbandiger Laseranregung
Authors: Singer Ferdinand
Published: December 2014

In dieser Arbeit werden verschiedene Methoden zur Messung und
Auswertung von akustischen Oberflächenwellen vorgestellt. Allen Methoden wird
die breitbandige Laseranregung und interferometrische Detektion der
Ultraschallwellen zu Grunde gelegt. Jede der vorgestellten Methoden ist
besonders für eine bestimmte Aufgabenstellung geeignet. Die Messprinzipien
werden zunächst theoretisch behandelt und danach mithilfe eines
laserakustischen Versuchsaufbaus praktisch angewandt. Im experimentellen Teil
der Arbeit wurden Polymer- und Nickelbeschichtungen sowie Risse in
Aluminiumplatten vermessen.
Autism cornered: network analyses reveal mechanisms of autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Auffray Charles
Published: December 2014

Despite a wealth of behavioral, cognitive, biological, and genetic studies, the causes of autism have remained largely unknown. In their recent work, Snyder and colleagues (Li et al, 2014) use a systems biology approach and shed light on the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying autism, thus opening novel avenues for understanding the disease and developing potential treatments.
Molecular Proxies for Climate Maladaptation in a Long-Lived Tree (Pinus pinasterAiton, Pinaceae)
Authors: Jaramillo-Correa Juan-Pablo , Rodríguez-Quilón Isabel , Grivet Delphine , Lepoittevin Camille , Sebastiani Federico , Heuertz Myriam , Garnier-Géré Pauline H , Alía Ricardo , Plomion Christophe , Vendramin Giovanni G , González-Martínez Santiago C
Published: December 2014

Understanding adaptive genetic responses to climate change is a main challenge for preserving biological diversity. Successful predictive models for climate-driven range shifts of species depend on the integration of information on adaptation, including that derived from genomic studies. Long-lived forest trees can experience substantial environmental change across generations, which results in a much more prominent adaptation lag than in annual species. Here, we show that candidate-gene SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) can be used as predictors of maladaptation to climate in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton), an outcrossing long-lived keystone tree. A set of 18 SNPs potentially associated with climate, 5 of them involving amino acid-changing variants, were retained after performing logistic regression, latent factor mixed models, and Bayesian analyses of SNP–climate correlations. These relationships identified temperature as an important adaptive driver in maritime pine and highlighted that selective forces are operating differentially in geographically discrete gene pools. The frequency of the locally advantageous alleles at these selected loci was strongly correlated with survival in a common garden under extreme (hot and dry) climate conditions, which suggests that candidate-gene SNPs can be used to forecast the likely destiny of natural forest ecosystems under climate change scenarios. Differential levels of forest decline are anticipated for distinct maritime pine gene pools. Geographically defined molecular proxies for climate adaptation will thus critically enhance the predictive power of range-shift models and help establish mitigation measures for long-lived keystone forest trees in the face of impending climate change.
Improvement of global litter turnover rate predictions using a Bayesian MCMC approach
Authors: Hararuk Oleksandra , Luo Yiqi
Published: December 2014

Global terrestrial carbon (C) cycle has a strong influence on atmospheric CO2concentrations and temperatures. Litter mass is relatively small in comparison to soil and plant pools but its turnover rate is fast. Litter dynamics is important part of the global terrestrial carbon cycle as it is a critical stage in the soil organic matter formation and nutrient mineralization. Litter turnover rates have been observed on site, regional, and global levels, however little effort has been put into validating and calibrating litter decay models against the observations. In this study, we used a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo data assimilation technique and globally observed leaf litter turnover rates to calibrate a first order litter decay model with different assumptions about litter quality limitations of decomposition. The first order decay model with original parameters and a commonly‐used litter quality limitation function explained 15% of the spatial variation in the observed leaf litter turnover rates, and parameter calibration increased the explained variation in the observations to 44%. When litter quality limitation of decomposition was determined by litter lignin‐to‐nitrogen ratio rather than structural lignin content the performance of the calibrated first order decay model was further improved, explaining 62% of variation in the observations. Litter feedbacks to changing climate differed between the original and best‐fitting models: original model predicted a 16% decrease in leaf litter pool after 95 years of climate change (2006–2100), whereas the best‐fitting model predicted a 2% increase. Furthermore, assuming that litter quality decreased with increasing CO2concentrations resulted in a 28% decrease in leaf litter pool predicted by the original model, and a 15% increase predicted by the best‐fitting model. Thus, assimilating observed leaf litter turnover rates into a first‐order decay model improved model fit and reversed leaf litter feedbacks to changing climate.
The Ethical Implications of Using Technology in Psychological Testing and Treatment
Authors: Montalto Michael
Published: December 2014

The development and increasing use of technology in professional practice is a growing concern in many industries, particularly the field of psychology. New developments in the area of online psychological testing and therapy bring with them unique and previously unexperienced ethical issue to both the psychologist and the client. Although numerous advantages such as fiscal savings and time convenience are apparent, the increases of risks to validity, accuracy, psychologist competency, and confidentiality need to be acknowledged and further addressed. The continued use of technology in the modern world is unavoidable. However, it is important to keep in mind that the benefits of the growing use of technology in psychology must always be to further the interests of the client, not the psychologist, to maintain ethical integrity.
Time for a Paradigm Change: Pervasiveness and Dangers of the Medical Model in Adolescent Psychology
Authors: Steiner Kenneth
Published: December 2014

This article focuses on concerns of the medical model which links life struggles in adolescents withDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM)–delineated diagnoses, a belief in an underlying biochemical disorder, accepted treatment by a doctor considered to be an expert and a healer, and the standard practice use of medication as part of the treatment. With a grounding in biophysical issues rather than existential life choices, we are silently diminishing responsibility and empowerment and thereby establishing a dangerous passivity. With the release of the newDSM-5and the publishing ofThe Book of Woeby Greenberg (2013) andSaving Normalby Frances (2013b), these concerns have been brought to the fore. I examine concerns of this approach including the difficulty adolescents have accepting their therapist as someone who understands their lives in a real way and the dangerous epidemic use of prescribed medications. Specific alternative approaches of empowerment, high expectations of responsibility, positive peer culture, and a structure that builds person-to-person respect as opposed to a therapist-to-patient hierarchy will be shown to be a critical and significant paradigm shift needed by our profession.
Seed Set and Xenia Effects on Grain Iron and Zinc Density in Pearl Millet
Authors: Rai Kedar Nath , Govindaraj Mahalingam , Pfeiffer Wolfgang Helmut , Rao Aluri Sambasiva
Published: December 2014

Three types of seed samples (selfed, sibbed and open pollinated) can be used for mineral analysis in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] and other cross‐pollinated crops. Cost effectiveness and reliability of mineral estimates in these types of seed samples have a direct bearing on breeding efficiency. Three sets of experiments using a diverse range of materials were conducted to examine the potential use of selfed and open pollinated (OP) seed samples for the analysis of grain Fe and Zn density in pearl millet. The results of this study showed that reduction in seed set under selfing, a genotype‐dependent typical trait of this crop, led to significant and large overestimates of Fe and Zn density, indicating that selfed seeds cannot be used for reliable estimation of grain Fe and Zn density. There was no significant difference between the sibbed and crossed seeds, indicating that there was no xenia effect. Differences among the sibbed and OP seeds for Fe, Zn, and Al density were small in magnitude and not always significant, indicating that dust contamination was not a significant factor determining Fe and Zn density. Since production of OP seed is most cost effective, it can be used for reliable estimation of Fe and Zn density when dealing with a large number of breeding lines, thereby enhancing the breeding efficiency for these micronutrients in pearl millet.
Light-induced oxidative transformation of diphenylamine on ZrO2. Synergism by ZnO and ZnS
Authors: Karunakaran C. , Karuthapandian S. , Vinayagamoorthy P.
Published: December 2014

Diphenylamine (DPA) in ethanol on the surface of ZrO2 undergoes photoinduced
oxidative transformation yielding N-phenyl-p-benzoquinonimine (PBQ). The
light-induced transformation on ZrO2 enhances with [DPA], ZrO2-loading,
airflow rate and photon flux. The formation of PBQ on ZrO2 is larger on
illumination at 254 nm than at 365 nm. The ZrO2 is reusable without any
treatment. The mechanism of light-induced oxidative transformation of DPA on
ZrO2 has been discussed with appropriate kinetic law. ZnO and ZnS enhance the
UV light-induced transformation of DPA on ZrO2 indicating synergism.
Novel one-pot process for the synthesis of ethyl 2-imino-4-methyl-2,3-dihydrothiazole-5-carboxylates
Authors: Beyzaei Hamid , Aryan Reza , Moghadas Hadi
Published: December 2014

A facile one-pot two-step process for the synthesis of ethyl
2-imino-4-methyl-2,3-dihydrothiazole-5-carboxylates via the cyclocondensation
of ethyl 2-thiocyanatoacetoacetate with a variety of hydrazine and hydrazide
derivatives has been developed. Ethyl 2-thiocyanatoacetoacetate itself has
been synthesized as intermediate from the reaction of ethyl
2-chloroacetoacetate with potassium thiocyanate (KSCN). The molecular
structures of these newly synthesized compounds were elucidated on the basis
of elemental analysis and spectral data.
Antibacterial and UV protective properties of polyamide fabric impregnated with TiO2/Ag nanoparticles
Authors: Milosevic Milica , Krkobabic Ana , Radoicic Marija , Saponjic Zoran , Lazic Vesna , Stoiljkovic Milovan , Radetic Maja
Published: December 2014

The possibility of in situ photoreduction of Ag+ ions using colloidal TiO2
nanoparticles deposited on the surface of polyamide fabric in the presence of
amino acid alanine and methyl alcohol is discussed. The presence of TiO2/Ag
nanoparticles on the polyamide fabric was confirmed by FESEM and ICP
analyses. Antibacterial activity of the fabric was tested against
Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli and Gram-positive bacterium
Staphylococcus aureus. Fabricated TiO2/Ag nanoparticles on the surface of
polyamide fabric provided maximum bacterial reduction and thus, excellent
antibacterial activity. In spite of silver leaching from the fabric during
washing, impregnated polyamide fabric preserved maximum reduction of
Escherichia coli colonies. Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus
aureus slightly decreased after ten washing cycles, but still antibacterial
activity can be considered as satisfactory. In addition, the presence of
TiO2/Ag nanoparticles ensured better UV protection efficiency which belongs
to very good UV protection category.
Zinc containing borate glasses and glass-ceramics: Search for biomedical applications
Authors: Abdelghany Amr , Elbatal Fatema , Elbatal Hatem
Published: December 2014

Ternary soda lime borate glass and samples with ZnO replacing CaO up to
10mol%were prepared and studied for their bone bonding ability. Fourier
transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectra of the prepared glasses before
and after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF), for one or two weeks,
showed the appearance of calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite (HA)) which is an
indication of bone bonding ability. X-ray diffraction patterns were measured
for the glasses and indicated the presence of small peaks related to
hydroxyapatite in the samples immersed in SBF. The glasses were heat treated
with controlled two-step regime to convert them to their corresponding
glass-ceramic derivatives. FTIR and X-ray diffraction measurements of the
glass-ceramic samples (before and after immersion in SBF) confirmed the
appearance of HA which is influenced by ZnO content. The overall data are
explained on the basis of current views about the corrosion behaviour of
borate glasses including hydrolysis and direct dissolution mechanism.
Modification of TiO2 nanoparticles through lanthanum doping and peg templating
Authors: Milanovic Marija , Nikolic Ljubica
Published: December 2014

Pure and lanthanum doped titania nanopowders were synthesized through a room
temperature sol-gel method using a template of polyethylene glycol (PEG). The
progress of the synthesis in terms of phase formation and size of
nanoparticles was monitored by X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy and SEM
analysis. After calcination at 450?C in air, the results have shown the
presence of small particles crystallized predominantly in the form of anatase
phase, with significant agglomeration. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption
measurements confirmed that all prepared powders are mesoporous with an
average pore diameter in range 3.1-3.8 nm. The addition of lanthanum ions
leads to the nanopowders with the highest specific surface (BET) area
(203m2/g). The obtained powders were compared to TiO2 prepared without a
template.
Synthesis, structure and magnetic properties of Y3Fe5-xAlxO12 garnets prepared by the soft chemical method
Authors: Ortega Pedro , Ramirez Miguel , Foschini César , Garcia Filiberto , Cilense Mario , Simões Alexandre
Published: December 2014

A study was undertaken about the structural, morphological and magnetic
properties at room temperature of crystalline aluminium substituted yttrium
iron garnet, YIG (Y3Fe5-xAlxO12 with 1.5< x < 1.7) nanoparticles prepared by
polymeric precursormethod at the temperature of 700?C for 2 hours. The
single-phase character and the well-defined structure of YIG nanoparticles
were confirmed by X-ray diffraction, excluding the presence of any other
phases. The Raman spectra showed that the changes of lattice vibration would
influence interaction between the Fe ion and the host. Mean crystallite size
of the single-phase powder was about 46-65 nm. Particles? morphology was
investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, which shows
that the particles were agglomerated. From hysteresis loops, particles?
efficiency range from 91.4% to 95.9% as Fe/Al ratio decreases. Saturation
magnetization was affected by the particle size and Fe/Al stoichiometric
ratio. We observe that the saturation magnetization increases as the Fe/Al
ratio is raised due to enhancement of the surface spin effects.
Structural characterization and dielectric properties of BaTiO3 thin films obtained by spin coating
Authors: Bajac Branimir , Vukmirovic Jelena , Tripkovic Djordjije , Djurdjic Elvira , Stanojev Jovana , Cvejic Zeljka , Skoric Branko , Srdic Vladimir
Published: December 2014

Barium titanate thin films were prepared by spin coating deposition technique
of an acetic precursor sol and sintered at 750, 900 and 1050?C. Phase
composition of the obtained thin films was characterized by X-ray diffraction
and Raman spectroscopy. Their morphology was analysed by scanning electron
microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Dielectric properties of thin films
sintered at 750 and 900 ?C were characterized by LCD device, where the
influence of sintering temperature on dielectric permittivity and loss
tangent was inspected. It was concluded that higher sintering temperature
increases grain size and amount of tetragonal phase, hence higher relative
permittivity was recorded. The almost constant relative permittivity in the
measured frequency (800Hz-0.5MHz) and temperature (25-200?C) ranges as well
as low dielectric loss are very important for the application of BaTiO3 films
in microelectronic devices.
Green valley galaxies
Authors: Salim S.
Published: December 2014

The ?green valley? is a wide region separating the blue and the red peaks in
the ultraviolet-optical color magnitude diagram, first revealed using GALEX
UV photometry. The term was coined by Christopher Martin (Caltech), in 2005.
Green valley highlights the discriminating power of UV to very low relative
levels of ongoing star formation, to which the optical colors, including u?r,
are insensitive. It corresponds to massive galaxies below the star-forming,
?main? sequence, and therefore represents a critical tool for the study of
the quenching of star formation and its possible resurgence in otherwise
quiescent galaxies. This article reviews the results pertaining to
(predominantly disk) morphology, structure, environment, dust content and gas
properties of green valley galaxies in the local universe. Their relationship
to AGN is also discussed. Attention is given to biases emerging from defining
the ?green valley? using optical colors. We review various evolutionary
scenarios and we present evidence for a new one, the quasi-static view of the
green valley, in which the majority (but not all) of galaxies currently in
the green valley were only partially quenched in the distant past and now
participate in a slow cosmic decline of star formation, which also drives
down the activity on the main sequence, presumably as a result of the
dwindling accretion/cooling onto galaxy disks. This emerging synthetic
picture is based on the findings from Fang et al. (2012), Salim et al. (2012)
and Martin et al. (2007), as well as other results.
The effects of the diurnal atmospheric variability on entry, descent and landing on Mars
Authors: Marceta D.
Published: December 2014

Landing on Mars is extremely challenging task due to the fact that the
Martian atmosphere is the most hostile environment in the Solar system to
perform the entry, descent and landing (EDL) process, because it is thick
enough to create substantial heating of the entry vehicle but not thick
enough to reduce its velocity to the one necessary for safe landing. Beside
this, the atmosphere is very dynamic mainly due to high eccentricity of the
Martian orbit, obliquity of the orbital to the equatorial plane and close
alignment of the winter solstice and the orbital perihelion. Although
seasonal variations of atmospheric parameters are significantly larger than
the diurnal, it is very important to analyze diurnal cycles as they can
significantly change vertical and horizontal atmospheric profiles in very
short time intervals. This can present a serious threat to missions which
have very precise timings and specific requirements such as the requirement
for the daytime landing to enable ground images acquisition during the
descent and landing phase. A 3-degrees-of-freedom trajectory integration
routine was combined with the Mars Global Reference Atmospheric Model
(Mars-GRAM) to identify the dependence of the EDL profiles on the diurnal
cycles of atmospheric parameters throughout the Martian year. The obtained
results show that the influence of the diurnal cycles is the largest at the
equator and decreases relatively symmetrically towards the poles with a
slightly stronger influence in the northern hemisphere. Also, there is a
significant influence of the orbital position of Mars on the effect of
diurnal atmospheric variations which causes that, around the orbital
perihelion and winter solstice, there is some kind of inversion of the
dependance of optimal entry timing on latitude of the landing site comparing
to the rest of the Martian year.
Marginal seal of direct composite veneers
Authors: Josipovic Renata , Kuzmanovic-Radman Irena , Jankovic Ognjenka , Djeri Aleksandra , Knezevic Natasa
Published: December 2014

Introduction. Advance in new nano-composite materials and adhesive systems
has provided stronger bond with hard dental tissue as well as possibility
for minimal cavity preparation. The aim of this study was to evaluate, using
dye method, marginal seal of direct composite veneers placed on intact and
abraded anterior teeth and polymerized with classical and soft start light
curing technique. Material and Methods. The study was conducted on 40
extracted human anterior teeth. They were extracted for periodontal reasons
and divided into two groups: intact teeth (20) and abraded teeth (20). 10
teeth in each group were polymerized with classical and soft start
technique. Dye penetration was measured using stereo loupes with micrometer
scale and six times magnification. Results. Linear dye penetration on the
gingival wall when direct composite veneers were placed in intact teeth and
polymerized with classical technique was 2.50 ?m, while on the incisal wall
it was 0.5 ?m. Linear dye penetration on the gingival wall in intact teeth
polymerized with soft start technique was 2.25 ?m, while on the incisal wall
it was 2.0 ?m. Average dye penetration of direct composite veneers in
abraded teeth polymerized with classical technique on the gingival wall was
3.0 ?m while on the incisal wall it was 1.25 ?m. Linear dye penetration in
abraded teeth polymerized with soft start technique was greater on the
gingival wall (3.50 ?m) than on the incisal wall (3.25 ?m). Conclusion.
Smaller microcrack was observed on the incisal wall than on the gingival
wall in all teeth regardless of the technique of polymerization used. The
least dye penetration was observed in the group of intact teeth polymerized
with classical technique of polymerization.
Ebola Virus Outbreak: The Present Situation in South East Asia Perspective
Authors: Chaudhary S , Pahwa VK , Bhatia BD
Published: December 2014

No abstractDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v2i3.11819Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences Vol.2(3) 2014: 1-2
Does Gabapentin Relieve Acute Preoperative Anxiety?
Authors: Pathak L
Published: December 2014

INTRODUCTION: The role of Gabapentin in relieving chronic pain, chronic anxiety disorders and acute postoperative pain is well known by now. Trials done with the administration of Gabapentin to treat preoperative anxiety showed mixed results. So, this study was conducted to test the hypothesis that premedication with Gabapentin 1200 mg versus placebo would reduce preoperative anxiety in patients undergoing open cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective, randomized, double blind and placebo controlled study was carried out at Universal College of Medical Sciences & Teaching Hospital (UCMSTH) from August 2012 to Januray 2014. Total 160 adult patients of American Society of Anaesthesiologist (ASA) I and II were divided into 2 groups of 80 each. Patients in group 1 and group 2 received capsules Gabapentin (1200mg) or identical placebo capsules 2 hours prior to surgery respectively. Preoperative anxiety was assessed for three times using Anxiety Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score. A uniform anesthetic technique was used in both groups. Parameters including preoperative and postoperative sedation scores and various side effects were also observed.RESULTS: VAS anxiety scores after one hour of drug intake (47.19±17.37 versus 63.13±17.77) and just before induction of anaesthesia (43.81±17.72 versus 81.81±21.57) were significantly lower in Gabapentin group as compared to placebo group. No patient experienced any significant side effects or sedation in either group throughout the study period.CONCLUSIONS: Premedication with 1200 mg Gabapentin in open cholecystectomy patients significantly reduced preoperative anxiety as evident by decrease in anxiety VAS scores without any significant side effects.  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v2i3.11821 Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences Vol.2(3) 2014: 9-14
Knowledge & Practice of Nursing Ethics and Laws
Authors: Shrestha S , Jose P
Published: December 2014

INTRODUCTION: Nurses are responsible for the well-being and quality of life of many people, and therefore must meet high standards of technical and ethical competence. Values are the belief and attitude that influence individual behavior and process of decision making. Personal values are what nurses hold significant and true for themselves, while professional ethics involve principles that have universal applications and standards of conduct that must be upheld in all situations. From the previous study it was found that most of the nurses have the knowledge regarding nursing ethic and law but have lack of practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive cross   sectional study was conducted among the selected nurses of Universal College of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital (UCMS TH) Bhairahawa Nepal. Population for the study was selected on random basis and total sample size was 60. A self-administered structured questionnaire about knowledge of nursing ethics and law was devised, tested and distributed to the nurses and practice of same sample was assessed through checklist by observing the activities of nurses by the researcher herself.RESULTS: Among the total 60 respondents only 45% had adequate knowledge of ethics and rest of them had inadequate knowledge regarding nursing ethics whereas most of the respondents i.e. 53% had adequate knowledge of nursing law and only 46% had inadequate knowledge of it. On the other hand half of the respondents do practice on nursing ethics and law and another half do less practice. As a whole it has been identified that respondents had more knowledge of nursing law than that of nursing ethics and half of them do practice on it.CONCLUSION: Findings of the study showed that knowledge of law was greater than knowledge of ethics. Overall they had no satisfactory knowledge of ethics and law. Whereas 50% of respondents does adequate practice.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v2i3.11825 Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences Vol.2(3) 2014: 30-33
Multiple Choice Questions-Part II (Classification, Item Preparation, Analysis and Banking)
Authors: Chaudhary N , Bhatia BD , Mahato SK , Agrawal KK
Published: December 2014

No Abstract Available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v2i3.11830 Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences Vol.2(3) 2014: 54-59
Die Genauigkeit der berührungslosen Temperaturmessung bei der Randschicht-Wärmebehandlung*
Authors: Seifert M. , Anhalt K. , Baltruschat C. , Lenhart-Rydzek M. , Brenner B. , Bonss S.
Published: December 2014

Kurzfassung

Die genaue Temperaturführung beim Randschichthärten ist von entscheidender Bedeutung, um die Nutzeigenschaften innerhalb enger Grenzen gezielt einzustellen. Am Beispiel der Technologie Laserhärten wurden typische industriell eingesetzte Temperaturmessgeräte hinsichtlich ihrer Messunsicherheiten analysiert. Ein neues, mobil einsetzbares Kalibrierverfahren mit Hochtemperatur-Fixpunkten wird vorgestellt, mit dem sich verbesserte Kalibriergenauigkeiten erreichen lassen. Weiterhin wird der Einfluss des Emissionsgrades der Oberflächen auf die Temperaturmessung diskutiert und neue systematische Messergebnisse für Stahl und Gusseisen präsentiert.
Simulation of Residual Stresses after Straightening of Induction Hardened Components
Authors: Haglund S. , Kristoffersen H.
Published: December 2014

Straightening is a manufacturing process where a component is bent, and plastically deformed, in order to reach a desired straightness. It is an unwanted but in many cases necessary process. For instance heat treatment operations such as carburizing and induction hardening may give distortions of magnitude that a straightening operation is required. The main disadvantage with straightening, apart from the extra processing step, is that it alters the residual stresses which decrease the fatigue strength of the component. In this paper, the straightening of a surface hardened shaft is simulated by FEM. The paper brings new insight into the complexity in the changes in residual stress that deviates far from the simplified views presented in literature. It will be shown that there are fundamental differences between a through hardened shaft and a surface hardened one as well as between shafts with shallow and deep surface hardening depths. The material studied is 42CrMo4 induction hardened by single shot. It is shown that the change in residual stresses is rather complex with decreased compressive residual stresses in a number of locations around the circumference while other locations have increased stresses. The amount of change in the residual stresses are largely governed by the required bending but by doing the straightening operation in an optimal way the negative effect can be reduced.
Assessment of risk factors of multidrug resistant tuberculosis with emphasis on serum zinc
Authors: Barman Nilima , Ghosh Debabrata , Rahman Md Quddusur , Uddin Md Nasir , Ahmed Sarmeen , Paul Debatosh , Sultana Tuhin , Ahmed AN Nashimuddin , Haque Md Atiqul
Published: December 2014

Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a form of TB resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin and considered as a major threat to TB control worldwide. Limited data are available regarding risk factors and serum zinc status of MDR-TB in Bangladesh. Tuberculosis is a disease which blocks a key part of the bodys immune defense. As zinc deficiency causes immune suppression, we assume that it may play a role in the development of MDR-TB. So, this study was carried out to evaluate and assess the serum zinc level as well as different risk factors in patients of MDR-TB. This case control study was carried out in the Department of Clinical Pathology, in collaboration with Department of Public Health and Informatics, Department of Biochemistry, BSMMU and National tuberculosis referral laboratory (NTRL) in NIDCH, Mohakhali, Dhaka from March 2012 to February 2013.We enrolled 50 newly diagnosed cases of MDR-TB patients from NTRL and 50 age matched healthycontrols from a selective community Sirajdikhan Upazilla, Munshiganj District. The two groups were compared based on various demographic factors, behavioral factors, factors related with personal illness history and also laboratory related factors. Serum zinc deficiency, changing trend of number of family members, presence of smoking history, absence of BCG scar and past history of contact TB were statistically significant risk factors for development of MDR-TB in logistic regression model. In our study, we found the mean (SD) serum zinc level in case group 60.40 (8.91) ?g/dL and 84.00 (13.62) ?g/dL in healthy controls which was significant statistically. The risk factors that we found, specially lower level of serum zinc, are the major concern for the development of MDR-TB and attempt to minimize them might contribute to control TB DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v43i1.21368 Bangladesh Med J. 2014 January; 43 (1): 3-8
Comparative study between single versus double burr-hole drainage of unilateral chronic subdural haematoma
Authors: Asaduzzaman SM , Islam KM Tarikul , Hossain Mohammad Nazrul , Amin Md Ruhul , Alam Md Jahangir , Nath Haradhon Deb , Hossain ATM Mosharef , Barua Kanak Kanti , Hossain M Afzal
Published: December 2014

Chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH) is defined as the haematoma in the subdural space which tend to occur in the elderly several weeks after head injury. The incidence of CSDH varied from 1.72 per 100,000 inhabitants per year in Finland to 13.1 per 100,000 inhabitants per year in Japan with a peak incidence in the sixth and seventh decade of life. CSDH is a common treatable cause of dementia. The principal techniques used in the treatment of CSDHs are presently burr hole, twist drill craniostomy, craniectomy and craniotomy. The aim of this study was to assess clinical outcome in unilateral chronic subdural haematoma psatients treated by single or double burr-hole drainage. This clinical trial was carried out at the department of neurosurgery, BSMMU from June 2010 to November 2011. A total of 40 consecutive patients with their age ranged from 50 to 70 years with GCS 9 to 13 & haematoma volume greater than 30cc were included in this study and randomly divided into two groups. In group A, patients with chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH) were managed with double burr-hole drainage. In group B, patients were managed with single burr-hole drainage. Clinical outcome was measured on the 1st post operative day, 3rd post operative day and at the time of discharge (usually on the 7th post operative day) and at 1 month follow-up by measuring Glassgow coma scale (GCS), improvement of limb weakness and Markwalder grading scale. In this study double burr-hole drainage and single burr-hole drainage surgery shows equal success in the management of CSDHs. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v43i1.21370 Bangladesh Med J. 2014 January; 43 (1): 13-16
Etiological patterns of polyneuropathy in a tertiary level hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Paul Makhan Lal , Sinha Monoj , Habib Ahsan , Khondker Lubna , Rahman Md Mahabubur , Saha Chinmoy Kumar
Published: December 2014

The causes of polyneuropathy are many and it is important to identify them, as some of them, especially the inflammatory types are treatable. To explore the different etiological factors of polyneuropathy, this cross sectional study was carried out in the department of Neurology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka. Data were collected by taking medical history and clinical examination and subsequent laboratory investigations. A total of 60 subjects were included in this study and mean age of the entire patient was 42.25 year. Out of all respondents, 83.3% had muscle weakness, similar number had problems with object handling, 66.3% had muscle cramp, 63.3% had impaired standing or gait, 55.0% had distal paraesthesia, 41.7% had burning feet, 8.3% had restless legs and 5.0% had stiffness. Out of all patients of polyneuropathy, 33.3% had diabetic neuropathy, 11.7% had Guillain-Barré syndrome, 10.0% had chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, similar number had unknown etiology, 6.7% had charcot-marry-tooth disease disease, 6.7% had renal failure, 5.0% had leprosy, Vitamin B 12 deficiency and chronic liver disease of each, 3.3% had history of isoniazide drug intake and similar had systemic lupus erythromatosus. We conclude that, polyneuropathy has wide variety of etiological factors. Among them, diabetes is the most common factor. Further large controlled study is needed to establish the etiological pattern in the context of Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v43i1.21371 Bangladesh Med J. 2014 January; 43 (1): 17-20
Resurfacing of hand injury with groin flap: an analysis of thirty four cases
Authors: Ghosh Jagodish Chandra , Hazra Samaresh Chandra , Singha Sudhangsu Kumar , Aolad Md Faroque Reza
Published: December 2014

Hand injuries are prevalent among the young adult and middle aged active people specially who are engaged with machinery works. Hand performs the unique and essential mechanical function and for fulfillment of this function it is imperative to provide good soft tissue coverage with sensibility. Skin grafting causes wound contraction and result in gliding of tendon directly under skin and is also unable to provide sensibility. Though cutting and slicing injury can be closed directly, crushing, degloving and avulsion injury needs coverage with a flap. Free flap require highly skilled microvascular anastomoting technique and needs expertise. Pedicle flap are suitable for this purpose where facilities for free flap transfer are not available. This prospective observational study which was done in National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopadic Rehabilitation during the period from January 2000 to december 2001 involving thirty four patients with a age range of 15-50 yrs who sustained hand injury from machinery injury, road traffic accident and electric burn.The patients were followed up at 4th (week), 6th (week), 8th (week), 16th and 20th week. Majority of patient are male. 58.82% of patient had suffered from machinery injury and 23.52% of patient had suffered from road traffic accident. During resurfacing of hand injuries, 58.82% of patient needed a flap length between 15 to 17 cm and rest of the patient (41.16%) requires flap length below 15 cm.Among all patients, 70.6% required 7 cm to 10 cm wide flap and rest of the patient between 5 cm to 7 cm. About 86% of patients had no loss of flap, 10.71% had marginal distal flap loss, 3.57% patient had distal flap loss up to 5% and no patient had distal flap loss >5%. Functional out come in terms of Eating, drinking, dressing,washing, writing were satisfactory in all cases except only one patient who developed stiffness of hand which was 3.58% of total patient. Functional outcome were evaluated in terms of eating, drinking, dressing, washing, writing and other purposeful movement; and also in terms of joint movement, power grip and pinching. All patient regained full range of movement except one patient who had deficit of finger movement. In conclusion groin flap can be a better choice for resurfacing the hand injury with acceptable results. This study recommends the use of groin flap as routine choice for resurfacing larger hand injuries. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v43i1.21372 Bangladesh Med J. 2014 January; 43 (1): 21-25
Drug abuse in sports and doping
Authors: Emran Md Ali , Hossain Sheikh Shahinur , Salek AKM , Khan Md Moniruzzaman , Ahmed Syed Mozaffar , Khandaker Md Nuruzzaman , Islam Mohammad Tariqul
Published: December 2014

Drug is defined as a substance that alters the physiological processes of the body which is used for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of disease. Abuse denotes injudicious or irrational application. The use of performance-enhancing drugs is probably the major problem facing sport today. Despite intense efforts by sporting bodies and the medical professionals to eliminate the problem, drug taking to enhance sport performance remains widespread. No player should gain an unfair advantage over other players by using an unethical substance or method. The use of drugs may also be extremely dangerous to the health of players. Drug testing programs have been established by amateur and professional sports authorities to promote a safe and fair competitive environment. Clinicians who treat athletes should be familiar with the commonly abused substances and doping methods DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v43i1.21379 Bangladesh Med J. 2014 January; 43 (1): 46-50
Ozone disc nucleolysis as an alternative to open disc surgery for slip disc
Authors: Sardar Kawsar , Das Gautam , Mehta Palak , Mallick Shantanu , Hubbard Richard
Published: December 2014

Back pain associated with herniated disks has become an important and increasingly general health problem, both in Bangladesh and across the world. After all methods of conservative treatment have been exhausted, nucleolysis may be a minimally invasive alternative to surgery. In nucleolysis, chondrolytic substances, or other substances which reduce the pressure within the disk by other means, are injected into the nucleus pulposus under CT scan or fluroscopic guidance. Among various substances, which have been employed for nucleolysis, an ozone-oxygen mixture appears to be very promising. The water-binding capacity of ozone results in a reduction of pain. Moreover, it has an anti-inflammatory effect and results in an increase in perfusion to the affected area. Ozone is converted into pure oxygen in the body and has a low allergic potential. Recent minimally invasive therapeutic methods such as percutaneous nucleotomy or laser treatment have not been shown to be superior when compared with ozone nucleolysis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v43i1.21380 Bangladesh Med J. 2014 January; 43 (1): 51-55
Laser-powered needle promises pain-free injections
Authors: Bhuiyan Md Monzurul Alam
Published: December 2014

Abstract not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v43i1.21382 Bangladesh Med J. 2014 January; 43 (1): 57
An obituary to Professor A K M Rafiquddin : Words cannot express our grief
Authors: Chowdhury MA Jalil
Published: December 2014

Abstract not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v43i1.21383 Bangladesh Med J. 2014 January; 43 (1): 58-60
The effect of stretching exercise in the management of lateral epicondylitis
Authors: Khandaker Md Nuruzzaman , Islam Samprity , Emran Md Ali , Islam Jahidul , Ahmed Syed Mozzafar , Khan Md Moniruzzaman , Salek AKM
Published: December 2014

This comparative study was conducted on patients of lateral epicondylitis attending at Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department of BSMMU, Dhaka from June to November 2010 with an aim to assess the effect of stretching exercise in patients of lateral epicondylitis of elbow. Eighty consecutive patients of lateral epicondylitis were randomly assigned to two groups. In group A, patients were treated with stretching exercise, ultrasound therapy (UST), NSAID, advice regarding activities of daily living. In group B, patients were treated with ultrasound therapy (UST), NSAID and advice regarding activities of daily living. The outcome was evaluated at weekly interval for 6 weeks in terms of pain, tenderness and frequency of pain. At 2nd week, the pain in group-A came to satisfactory level, but in group-B, it became so at 4th week. The improvement of tenderness was observed at 2nd and 3rd week in group A and group B respectively, but the improvement in pain frequency achieved at 2nd and 4th week in group-A and group-B respectively. The study concludes that stretching exercise is helpful in the early recovery from lateral epicondylitis, majority of the cases experiencing improvement in pain (both in terms intensity and frequency) and tenderness. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v43i2.21384 Bangladesh Med J. 2014 May; 43 (2): 61-66
Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is superior to duplex ultrasound in diagnosis of extracranial carotid stenosis - a comparative study
Authors: Dey Subash Kanti , Bakshi Lipy , Shahidullah Md , Habib Ahsan , Battacharya Manabendra , Rizvi Abu Nasar , Anwarullah AKM
Published: December 2014

Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is the gold standard investigation to assess the extracranial stenosis of carotid vessels. But this is an invasive diagnostic tool. So it is still a controversial issue whether duplex ultrasound is an alternative to DSA for measurement of stenosis of carotid vessels. This prospective crossectional observational study was conducted in the department of Neurology, BSMMU, Dhaka from May 2012 to April 2013 to assess the diagnostic accuracy of duplex ultrasound and its potential to replace DSA before performing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid stenting. Total of 38 patients, 33 patients of nondisabling ischaemic stroke and 5 patients with history of TIAs whose extracranial carotid stenosis was >50% on duplex ultrasound were selected for DSA. DSA was done on these vessels and stenosis was measured using NASCET criteria. Results of USD and DSA were compared to determine the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of duplex ultrasound (USD). At 70% stenosis of right internal carotid artery and left internal carotid artery the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 93.8%, 63.7%, 89.5% and 93.3%, 75%, 89.5% respectively. This level of diagnostic efficiency of USD is less than that of DSA of carotid arteries. It was found in this study that, USD underestimates or overestimates the degree of carotid stenosis. DSA was safe and effective in determining stenosis in this study & there was no 67 complication. So before taking any decision for carotid endarterectomy or carotid artery stenting, digital subtraction angiography of carotid vessels should be done. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v43i2.21385 Bangladesh Med J. 2014 May; 43 (2): 67-71