bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIVULSUPERBAC: A Service Learning Project to Raise Awareness of Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Maicas Sergi , Fouz Belén
Published: June 2024

Divulsuperbac (DSB) is a Service Learning project targeted at the educational community. It started in 2019 and has engaged Biology degree students in a Microbiology-focused initiative in the Valencian Community (Spain), for four academic years. The DSB project comprises various outreach activities intending to raise awareness of the superbugs' threat to pre-university students. We created an exhibition that contained 14 infographics on the topic of antimicrobial resistance which was presented every week in high schools. The infographics were presented by university students, who explained the problem to the pre-university students and subsequently assessed their comprehension of the topic. The surveys conducted yielded satisfactory results, which motivated us to extend this project to other regions of the world.
Hydrostatic Pressure as a Tool for the Study of Semiconductor Properties – an Example of III-V Nitrides
Authors: Gorczyca Iza , Suski Tadek , Perlin Piotr , Grzegory Izabella , Kaminska Agata , Staszczak Grzegorz
Published: June 2024

Using the example of III-V nitrides crystallizing in a wurtzite structure (GaN, AlN, InN), this review presents the special role of hydrostatic pressure in studying semiconductor properties. Starting with a brief description of high pressure techniques for growing bulk crystals of nitride compounds, we focus on the use of hydrostatic pressure techniques in both experimental and theoretical investigations of special properties of nitride compounds, their alloys and quantum structures. The band gap pressure coefficient is one of the most important parameters in semiconductor physics. Trends in its behavior in nitride structures, together with trends in pressure-induced phase transitions, are discussed in the context of the behavior of other typical semiconductors. Using InN as an example, the pressure-dependent effects typical of very narrow bandgap materials, such as conduction band filling or effective mass behavior, are described. Interesting aspects of bandgap bowing in In-containing nitride alloys, including pressure and clustering effects, are discussed.Hydrostatic pressure also plays an important role in the study of native defects and impurities, as illustrated by the example of nitride compounds and their quantum structures. Experiments and theoretical studies on this topic are reviewed. Special attention is given to hydrostatic pressure and strain effects in short periods nitride superlattices. The explanation of the discrepancies between theory and experiment in the optical emission and its pressure dependence from InN/GaN superlattices led to the well-documented conclusion that InN growth on the GaN substrate is not possible. The built-in electric field present in InGaN/GaN and AlGaN/GaN heterostructures crystallizing in wurtzite lattice can reach several MV/cm, leading to drastic changes in the physical properties of these structures and related devices. It is shown how hydrostatic pressure modifies these effects and helps to understand their origin.
Imaging of Traumatic and Non-Traumatic Cystic Artery Bleeding
Authors: Tamburrini Stefania , Castiglione Davide Giuseppe , Palmucci Stefano , Tiralongo Francesco , Comune Rosita , De Simone Fiore , Pezzullo Filomena , Sica Giacomo , Bortolotto Chandra , Ricci Paolo , Basile Antonio , Scaglione Mariano
Published: June 2024

Cystic artery bleeding (CAB), a relatively uncommon entity, can arise from both traumatic and non-traumatic etiologies. This pictorial essay aims to elucidate the computed tomography (CT) findings associated with CAB in these distinct contexts.
In traumatic CAB, particularly blunt or penetrating trauma, a cystic artery lesion is the culprit behind the hemoperitoneum characteristically located within the gallbladder fossa. Prompt diagnosis is crucial. Fortunately, trans-arterial embolization offers a successful treatment option for traumatic cystic artery lesions, especially in settings where non-operative management is preferred.
Non-traumatic CAB, on the other hand, often stems from inflammation in the hepatobiliary and pancreatic system, gallbladder tumours, or iatrogenic injuries. The underlying mechanism typically involves cystic artery wall damage, either due to inflammation or procedural complications, leading to the formation of a cystic artery pseudoaneurysm (CAP). Notably, CAP bleeding can manifest long after the causative event, posing a diagnostic challenge with a variable clinical presentation.
This pictorial essay serves to illustrate the CT signs and features of CAB in both traumatic and non-traumatic scenarios. Additionally, it will delve into the characteristic CT appearance of CAP.
Practical but Inaccurate? A-mode Ultrasound and Bioelectrical Impedance Underestimate Body Fat Percentage Compared to Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry in College Men
Authors: Olinto Markus Filardi Moura , Lins Victor César Dias , Rocha Gabriel Carvalho , Dourado Marco Aurélio Araújo , Dutra Maurilio Tiradentes
Published: June 2024

Background: Bioelectrical impedance (BIA) and ultrasound (US) have become popular for estimating body fat percentage (BF%) due to their low cost and clinical convenience. However, agreement of these devices with gold standard method still require investigation. The aim was to analyze the agreement between a gold standard %BF assessment method with BIA and US devices. Methods: Twenty-three men (age 30.1 ± 7.7 years, 82.5 ± 14.9 kg, 1.77 ± 0.05 m) underwent Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA), BIA (tetrapolar) and US (three-site method) %BF assessment. Pearson and concordance correlations were analyzed. T-test compared means between methods, and Bland Altman plots analyzed agreement and proportional bias. Alpha was set at < .05. Results: Pearson coefficients between BIA and US with DXA were high (BIA = 0.94; US = 0.89; both p < .001). Concordance coefficient was high for BIA (0.80) and moderate for US (0.49). BF% measured by BIA (24.5 ± 7.5) and US (19.4 ± 7.0) were on average 4.4% and 9.6% lower than DXA (29.0 + 8.5%), respectively (p < .001). Lower and upper agreement limits between DXA and BIA were -1.45 and 10.31, while between DXA and US were 2.01 and 17.14, respectively. There was a tendency of both BIA (p = .09) and US (p = .057) to present proportional bias and underestimate BF%. Conclusions: Despite the correlation, the mean difference between the methods were significant, and the agreement limits are very wide. This indicate that BIA and US, as measured in this study, have limited potential to accurately measure %BF compared to DXA, especially in individuals with higher body fat.
Drinking Water Microbiota, Entero-Mammary Pathways and Breast Cancer: Focus on Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
Authors: Maranha Ana , Alarico Susana , Nunes-Costa Daniela , Melo-Marques Inês , Roxo Inês , Castanheira Pedro , Caramelo Olga , Empadinhas Nuno
Published: June 2024

The prospect of drinking water serving as a conduit for gut bacteria, artificially selected by disinfection strategies and lack of monitoring at the point of use, is concerning. Certain opportunistic pathogens, notably some nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), often exceed coliform bacteria levels in drinking water, posing safety risks. NTM and other microbiota resist chlorination and thrive in plumbing systems. When inhaled, opportunistic NTM can infect the lungs of immunocompromised or chronically ill patients, and the elderly, primarily postmenopausal women. When ingested with drinking water, NTM often survive stomach acidity, reach the intestines, migrate to other organs using immune cells as vehicles, potentially colonizing tumor tissue, including in breast cancer. The link between the microbiome and cancer is not new, yet the recognition of intratumoral microbiomes is a recent development. Breast cancer risk rises with age, and NTM infections emerged as a concern among breast cancer patients. In addition to studies hinting at a potential association between chronic NTM infections and lung cancer, NTM have also been detected in breast tumors at levels higher than normal adjacent tissue. Evaluating the risks of continued ingestion of contaminated drinking water is paramount, especially given the ability of various bacteria to migrate from the gut to breast tissue via entero-mammary pathways. This underscores a pressing need to revise water safety monitoring guidelines and delve into hormonal factors, which includes addressing the disproportionate impact of NTM infections and breast cancer on women and examining the potential health risks posed by the cryptic and unchecked microbiota from drinking water.
Reconciling Environmental Safety and Economic Feasibility: A Review of Soil Fluorine Management Strategies in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Ji Chang-Hwan , Lee Soon Hong , Bae Gi Seong , Kim Hyun Woo
Published: June 2024

Fluorine naturally occurs in soil and rocks; however, concerns arise when human activities or specific compounds increase its levels or bioavailability. South Korea faces challenges in managing soil fluorine contamination even though existing regulations based on total fluorine content are stricter than those in many developed countries. However, these regulations can be economically impractical because of Korea's naturally high background levels of fluorine in the soil. This study examined the international landscape of soil fluorine management and explored potential solutions that balance environmental protection with economic considerations. We propose a shift towards regulating specific and harmful fluorine compounds and prioritizing remediation based on bioavailability assessments. This approach can guide Korea towards a more effective and sustainable strategy for managing soil fluorine contamination.
LncRNA MYU Facilitates Angiogenesis in HUVECs under Hypoxia by Functioning as a ceRNA for miR-23a-3p
Authors: Zhou Xiankun , Wen Mingxing , Zhang Jinwei , Long Keren , Lu Lu , Jin Long , Sun Jing , Ge Liangpeng , Li Xuewei , Li Mingzhou , Ma Jideng
Published: June 2024

Background: Angiogenesis is essential for various physiological and pathological processes, such as embryonic development and cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play pivotal roles in normal homeostasis and disease processes by regulating gene expression through various mechanisms, including as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) of target microRNAs (miRNAs). The lncRNA MYU is known to promote prostate cancer proliferation via the miR-184/c-Myc regulatory axis, and to be upregulated in vascular endothelial cells under hypoxic conditions, which often occurs in solid tumors. In the present study, we investigated whether MYU might affect cancer growth by regulating angiogenesis in vascular endothelial cells under hypoxia.
Methods: The expression of MYU-regulated miR-23a-3p and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in HUVEC cell lines was examined using qRT-PCR. CCK-8 assay, EdU assay, Wound-healing assay and Tube-formation assay were used to assess the effect of MYU on cell proliferation, migration and tube formation of HUVEC cells in vitro. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to examine the effect of miR-23a-3p on MYU and IL-8 expression.
Results: We found that overexpression of MYU and knockdown of miR-23a-3p in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under hypoxia promoted cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation. Mechanistically, MYU was shown to bind competitively to miR-23a-3p, thereby preventing miR-23a-3p binding to the 3′ untranslated region of IL-8 mRNA. In turn, increased production of pro-angiogenic IL-8 promoted HUVEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation under hypoxia.
Conclusion: This study identified a new role for lncRNA MYU as a ceRNA for miR-23a-3p, and uncovered a novel MYU–miR-23a-3p–IL-8 regulatory axis for angiogenesis. MYU and/or miR-23a-3p may thus represent new targets for the treatment of hypoxia-related diseases by promoting angiogenesis.
Assessment of Hydrometeorological Impacts of Climate Change on Water Bodies in Northern Kazakhstan
Authors: Yessenzholov Baurzhan , Khussainov Abilzhan , Kakabayev Anuarbek , Plachinta Ivan , Bayazitova Zulfiya , Kyzdarbekova Gulmira , Ramazanova Makhabbat
Published: June 2024

This article examines the impact of climate change on the hydrometeorological state of some lakes and reservoirs in the Akmola and North Kazakhstan regions. Time series with values of various climate parameters for the period 1986-2023 are used for the climate analysis; the reliability of the results was assessed using the Fisher criteria. Hydrometric indicators were studied using the ArcGIG program. Using GIS to spatially analyze water climate data, 8-channel satellite images from 1995 to 2023 were used. During the study, it was found that the area of the main lakes has undergone changes.
Title: Detecting Gaps in Knowledge: The Case of the Anisakis
Authors: Garcia-Sanchez Beatriz , Masiá Paula , Garcia-Vazquez Eva , Ardura Alba , Dopico Eduardo
Published: June 2024

In the marine environment, fish parasites are present in most species of seafood. The most com-mon is Anisakis spp. a nematode that can parasitize human tissues causing anisakiasis and al-lergies, in some cases with a strong reaction such as anaphylactic shock in sensitive people. This happens when people ingest live or dead larvae present in the muscles or viscera of a wide range of seafood, fish and cephalopods. Consumer education has been positioned as one of the most ef-fective alternatives for its prevention. This study sought to identify the species that present the greatest risk of anisakiasis for consumers taking into account sex, age and their knowledge about this parasitosis. The objective was to offer recommendations for better consumer information to-wards the prevention of infections by worm larvae. The results revealed that the species most at risk were hake and cod and that young participants know more about the risks of anisakiasis from raw seafood. The gaps detected in the knowledge about the ability of thermal treatments to eliminate parasites, especially in allergic people, must be addressed for better prevention, sug-gesting campaigns adapted by sectors of the population.
Characterization of Clostridioides difficile Persister Cells and Their Role in Antibiotic Tolerance
Authors: Inostroza Osvaldo , Yáñez Paulina , Espinoza Giovanni , Fica Omar , Queraltó Camila , Rodríguez José , Flores Isidora , González Ruth , Soto Jorge A , Fuentes Juan A , Calderón Iván L , Gil Fernando
Published: June 2024

Clostridioides difficile is a Gram-positive pathogen known for its toxin production and spore formation. It is primarily responsible for most cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Bacterial persisters are a small subset of the population that exhibits transient tolerance to bactericidal substances, and they are of significant medical concern due to their association with the emergence of antibiotic resistance and difficult-to-treat chronic or recurrent infections. Vancomycin, the predominant antibiotic utilized in the management of C. difficile infection, is extensively applied in the realm of clinical practice. Previous studies have demonstrated a persister-like phenotype with treatments involving this antibiotic. However, the mechanism in C. difficile remains largely unknown, primarily due to the challenge of isolating this small population at any given time. To better characterize C. difficile persister cells, we present a study that enables the enrichment and characterization of persister cells from bacterial cultures in both exponential and stationary phases. Moreover, we could differentiate between triggered (induced by antibiotics, such as vancomycin) and spontaneous (stochastic) persister cells. Additionally, we observed the involvement of toxin-antitoxin systems and Clp proteases in persister cell formation.
Partial Discharge Source Classification in Power Transformers: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Thobejane Lucas , Thango Bonginkosi
Published: June 2024

Electric Transformers make up some of the most critical components of a power system. Their reliable operation is critical for an efficient power grid as well as economic viability for the transformer operators and owners. Power transformers, like other High Voltage (HV) electrical equipment experience aging and insulation degradation due to chemical, mechanical and electrical forces during their operation. Partial Dischargers (PD) are localized electrical discharges that develop within insulation systems of HV electrical equipment such as transformers. In transformers, PD occurs in different forms and various locations and insulation both internal and external of the transformer. PD originates as small pulses but tends to increase in size and intensity which can result in complete insulation failure. Monitoring partial discharges has proven to provide valuable information on the state of the insulation systems of the power transformer, allowing transformer operators to make calculated decisions for the maintenance and life of plant plans. This systematic literature review aims to systematically examine the use of machine learning techniques in classifying PD in transformers to present a complete indicator to allow for future research in the field. The systematic review surveyed a total of 81 research literature published from 2010 to 2023 that fulfilled a specific methodology which was developed as part of this study. The results revealed that supervised learning has been the most widely used Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithm utilized, primarily in the form of Support Vector Machine (SVM). Regarding PD, the survey revealed that most researchers tend to use numerous types of PD and compare them to one another. Furthermore, the use of artificial PD defect models to simulate the occurrence of PD is widely used versus the use of actual power transformers. Most of the literature tends to not specify the physical characteristics of PD, such as the magnitude of PD, PD inception voltage and PD extinction voltage.
Digital Transformation in Supply Chain and Its Impact on Marketing Effectiveness
Authors: Holloway Samuel
Published: June 2024

Digital transformation is revolutionizing supply chain management, profoundly influencing marketing effectiveness across industries. This qualitative study explores the impact of digital transformation on supply chains and its implications for marketing strategies. Through in-depth interviews, case studies, and document analysis, the research elucidates how digital technologies such as IoT, blockchain, AI, and advanced analytics are reshaping supply chain dynamics. Key findings highlight enhanced supply chain visibility, improved decision-making capabilities, and strengthened collaboration among supply chain partners. These technological advancements empower organizations to optimize inventory management, anticipate market trends, and deliver personalized customer experiences, thereby enhancing operational efficiency and customer satisfaction. Furthermore, the study underscores the role of digital transformation in promoting sustainability and ethical practices within supply chains. Technologies like blockchain facilitate transparent and traceable supply chains, supporting initiatives for responsible sourcing and environmental stewardship. Despite the transformative benefits, the study identifies challenges including significant investment requirements, integration complexities, and data security concerns. Strategic approaches to technology adoption, robust cybersecurity measures, and employee training are essential for overcoming these challenges and maximizing the benefits of digital transformation. Overall, this study contributes to understanding how digital transformation drives innovation in supply chain management and enhances marketing effectiveness. By embracing digital technologies and aligning supply chain strategies with marketing objectives, organizations can navigate competitive landscapes, meet evolving consumer expectations, and achieve sustainable growth in the digital era.
Integrating LiDAR Sensor Data to Microsimulation Model 2 Calibration for Proactive Safety Analysis
Authors: Igene Morris , Luo Qiyang , Jimee Keshav , Soltanirad Mohammad , Bataineh Tamer , Liu Hongchao
Published: June 2024

Studies have shown that vehicle trajectory data are effective for calibrating microsimulation mod-els. Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology offers high-resolution 3-D data, allowing for detailed mapping of the surrounding environment, including road geometry, roadside infrastruc-tures, and moving objects such as vehicles, cyclists, and pedestrians. This research presents a comprehensive framework for integrating LiDAR sensor data into simulation models and accu-rately calibrating for proactive safety analysis. Vehicle trajectory data were extracted from LiDAR point cloud collected at six urban signalized intersections in Lubbock, Texas in USA. Each study intersection was modelled with PTV VISSIM and calibrated to replicate the observed field scenarios. The Directed Brute Force method was used to calibrate two car-following and two lane-change parameters of Wiedemann 1999 model in VISSIM, resulting in an average accuracy of 92.7%. Rear-end conflicts extracted from the calibrated models combined with a ten-year historical crash dataset were fitted into a Negative Binomial (NB) model to estimate the model's parameters. In all the six intersections, rear-end conflict count is a statistically significant predictor (p-value < 0.05) of observed rear-end crash frequency. The outcome of this study provides a framework for the com-bined use of LiDAR-based vehicle trajectory data, microsimulation and surrogate safety assessment tools to transportation professionals for proactive safety evaluation.
Monitoring and Diagnosing Faults in Three-Phase Induction Motors Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques
Authors: Araujo Valbério Gonzaga De , Bissiriou Aziz Oloroun-Shola , Villanueva Juan Moises Mauricio , Villarreal Elmer Rolando Llanos , Salazar Andrés Ortiz , Texeira Rodrigo de Andrade , Fonsêca Diego Antonio de Moura
Published: June 2024

Three-phase induction motors play a key role in industrial operations. However, their failure can result in serious operational problems. This study focuses on the early identification of faults through accurate diagnosis and classification of faults in three-phase induction motors, using artificial intelligence techniques, by analyzing current, temperature, and vibration signals. Experiments were conducted on a test bench, simulating real operating conditions, including stator phase unbalance, bearing damage and shaft unbalance. To classify the faults, an Auto-Regressive Neural Network with Exogenous Inputs (NARX) was developed. The parameters of this network were determined through a process of selecting the best network, using the scanning method with multiple training and validation iterations, with the introduction of new data. The results of these tests showed that the network had excellent generalization in all the situations evaluated, achieving the following accuracy rates: Motor without fault = 94.2%, Unbalance fault = 95%, Bearings with fault =98% and Stator with fault = 95%.
Saccorhiza polyschides Extract as Biostimulant for Reducing Salt Stress Effect in Common Bean Crops
Authors: Nhhala Nada , Latique Salma , Kchikich Anass , Kchikich Amr , Nhiri Mohamed , García-Angulo Penélope
Published: June 2024

Salinity stress emerges as an important menace to global food security, particularly affecting susceptible crops such as common bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The disruption of ion balances caused by salt stress withing plants cells reduces water and nutrient absorption, and hampers growth and productivity. Sacchorhiza polyschides, a brown macroalga rich in essential elements, and macrominerals, has drawn attention as a natural biostimulant, being a potential remedy to bolster crop resilience against salt stress. This study delves into the effect of water extracts of Sacchorhiza polyschides (SPE) across varying concentrations (1%, 2%, and 5%) in common bean plants under salt stress (68.4 mM NaCl) conditions. Two different methods of application were used: by spraying the aerial part of the plant or by irrigation together with the watering solution. The effects of both systems of application were studied on the aerial parts of the plants. SPE exhibited significant enhancements in morphological parameters, chlorophyll content, carbon-nitrogen activities, and antioxidant enzymatic system activities, alongside increasing osmolyte accumulation, compared to salt-stressed plants without biostimulation. Moreover, SPE reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels caused by salt stress, mitigating lipid peroxidation. The concentrations of 2% and 5% SPE applied by spraying showed the most significant results in most of the parameters analyzed. By shedding light on the underlying science behind this biostimulant effect, this research underscores the potential of SPE to enhance crop resilience and augment food production in salt-challenged environments.
Changes to the Autophagy-Related Muscle Proteome Following Short-Term Treatment with Ectoine in the Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Mouse Model MDX
Authors: Gómez Armengol Eulàlia , Merckx Caroline , De Sutter Hanne , De Bleecker Jan L. , De Paepe Boel
Published: June 2024

The severest form of muscular dystrophy (MD) termed Duchenne MD (DMD) remains to this day an incurable disease, hence the continued effort to further develop supportive therapies. Perturbation of autophagy, a degradative yet protective mechanism activated when tissues face severe and persistent stress, is critically involved in DMD, consequently, treatments harnessing autophagic capacities represent an amenable therapeutic strategy. We studied the effects of the protective osmolyte ectoine in the standard mouse model of DMD, the MDX, zooming in on the autophagy-related proteome. From birth, mice were treated with ectoine in the drinking water (150mg/kg) or through daily intraperitoneal injection (177mg/kg) until 5 weeks old. Hind limb muscles were dissected, performing western blotting for protein quantification and immunofluorescence to investigate tissue distribution. We report significant alterations of total levels of autophagy related 5 (ATG5), Ser366 phosphorylated sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and of activated microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3 II) in mitochondrial fractions. Ectoine tends to restore the shifted balance between LC3 II and SQSTM1 levels observed in MDX muscle, and LC3 II upregulation was most pronounced on muscle fibers of MDX treated with ectoine in the drinking water. Findings from this explorative study support a possible beneficial effect of ectoine on the autophagic deficit in the MDX, which warrants its further exploration as a therapeutic supplement for DMD.
Exploring the Bioactive Potential of Moroccan Lemongrass (Cymbopogon
citratus): Investigations on molecular weight distribution, antioxidant and
antimicrobial potentials
Authors: Tazi Ahmed , El moujahed Sara , Jaouad Noura , Saghrouchni Hamza , Al-Ashkar Ibrahim , Liu Liyun , Errachidi Faouzi
Published: June 2024

In the Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), the investigations showed a wide range of active molecules their biological properties. However, most of these studies were conducted on the wid varieties, while cultivated plan addressed. This study aimed to characterize the biomolecules and biological activities of Lemongrass growing us African conditions sons in in Marocco. Marocco. Phenolic compound profiles of aqueous (AE) E) ethanol ethanol (EE), (EE), and methanol (ME) extract: fractions were obtained with steric exclusion chromatography on Sephadex 050 gel and identified by LC-MS/MS polyphenols (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), and antioxidant activities (FRAP: scavenging value and TAC: Total Antioxidant C the fraction were evaluated as well as the antimicrobial activity Obtained results showed that the ME contained e compounds (ie. Apigenine-7-0-rutinoside and myricitine-3-0-rutinoside). The AE showed the presence of five mole kaemiferol-3-0-glucuronide), while EE showed the presence of three molecules (Le. Quercetine-3-0-rutinoside). Reg chemical characterization, the rization, e highest value of Total phenolic content (TPC) was obtained in conten btained in AE ΑΕ (25) (4.60-0.29 mg highest value of Total flavonoids content (TFC) was obtained Ined in ME (29) (0.7±0.08 mg/g). Concerning the antioxide the highest FRAP was obtained in ME (29) (97.89%) and the highest total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was obtained (89.89%) Correlation between FRAP, TPC, and TFC was noted poly in fractions of AE and ME. All tested extracts of and their fractions showed a significant antimicrobial effect. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) wa for ME against E. col. Extracts biological activities and their fractions were governed by their active molecules. Ther new and clarify a novel aspect of bioactive molecules in the extracts of cultivated C. citratus Equaly, throughout this we clarified the relationship between identified molecules and their biological properties including antioxidant and comparative studies new
activities, which is new for the study area. This study is suggested to be a reference. assays of other biological activities for the study plant
Smart Cities Governance: Governance Models for Sustainable Smart Cities
Authors: Manrique Rueda Gabriela , Therrien Marie-Christine , Préval Johanne
Published: June 2024

The influence of technology corporations on the development of smart cities can generate corporate-centric models of governance. Thus, it is relevant to examine which governance models help to promote sustainability. Based on a rapid review on the governance of smart cities, this paper aims to evaluate the merits and drawbacks of various governance models adopted by diverse smart city initiatives. It contends that top-down models often prioritize corporate-centric governance structures, potentially neglecting sustainability concerns. Nonetheless, our findings indicate that top-down approaches can mitigate corporate-centric tendencies by integrating citizen participation into their visions and strategies. Hybrid models offer the advantage of governmental leadership but may lean towards a triple-helix model, with limited citizen involvement. Conversely, bottom-up models represent quadruple-helix collaborations with active citizen engagement.
Aging Behaviors of Organic Electrophoretic Coating on Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Wang Xiaoxue , Wang Guohui , Jing Yuan , Zheng Kai , Wang Rongqiao , Liu Xiuchun , Gao Kai , Sun Jingli , Yuan Yong , Meng Fandi
Published: June 2024

Organic electrophoretic coatings have gained significant attention due to their ability to provide a uniform and controlled coating thickness, high coating adhesion, and excellent corrosion protection properties. In this work, to investigate the aging behaviors of an organic electrophoretic coating for magnesium alloys, water absorption kinetics curves of the coatings after immersion in 3.5 wt.% NaCl at 20℃ and 40℃ were measured, and parameters such as the saturated water absorption and saturation time of the free film coatings were fitted to determine the densification evolution of the organic coatings. A tensile test was used to test the tensile strength of the organic coating during service to determine the evolution of the strength and toughness of the organic coating. The evolution of wet adhesion of organic coatings with service time was tested by ASTM D4541-02. The impedance spectra of the organic coatings under the above conditions were detected by EIS, and finally, the failure behavior of the organic coatings under immersion was analyzed.
Repellency, Toxicity and Chemical Composition of Plant Essential Oils from Myrtaceae against Asian Citrus Psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera Liviidae)
Authors: Li Yi-jie , Liu Tian-ao , Zhao Hang , Han Yang , Lou Bing-hai , Lei Cui-yun , Song Ya-qin , Jiang Hong-bo
Published: June 2024

The Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (D. citri) is one of the major pests in the citrus industry, which spreads Citrus Huanglongbing disease. It has developed resistance to chemical insecticides. Therefore, searching for greener solutions for pest management is critically important. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the repellent and insecticidal efficacy of essential oils (EOs) from four species of Myrtaceae plants: Psidium guajava (PG), Eucalyptus robusta (ER), Eucalyptus tereticornis (ET), and Baeckea frutescens (BF) against D. citri and to analyze their chemical composition. GC-MS analysis was performed, and the results indicated that the EOs of PG, ER, ET, and BF were rich in terpenoids, ketones, esters, and alcohol compounds. The repellent rate of all four EOs showed that it decreased with exposure time but increased with concentrations of EOs. Repellent rates ranged from 80.50% to 100.00% after treating D. citri for 6 hours with four EOs at 100% concentration and decreased to 67.71% to 85.49% after 24 hours of exposure. Among the compounds from the EOs tested, eucalyptol had the strongest repellent activity, with a 24-hour repellency rate of 100%. The contact toxicity bioassay results showed that all EOs have insecticidal toxicity to D. citri; the LC50 for nymphs was 36.47-93.15 mL/L, and for adults, it was 60.72-111.00 mL/L. These results show that when PG is used as the reference material, both ER, ET, and BF EOs have strong biological activity against D. citri, which provides a scientific basis for the further development of plant-derived agrochemicals.
Stress Perceptions, Somatization, and Coping Strategies among Dentistry and Nursing Students: A Comparative Study
Authors: Antoniadou Maria , Manta Georgia , Kanellopoulou Antonia , Kalogerakou Theodora , Satta Alessandra , Mangoulia Polyxeni
Published: June 2024

This study investigates stress perceptions, somatization, and coping strategies among 271 nursing and dentistry (n=126 and n=145, respectively), undergraduate and postgraduate students. For the study, an e-questionnaire was designed in a two-step process, uploaded in Google Forms and staying open for submissions during February 2024 in the School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. In our sample, predominantly female (68.60%), the majority were undergraduates (80.10%). Females reported higher stress somatization (M=10.22, SD=5.23) compared to males (M=7.94, SD=6.14), with a moderate effect size (Cohen’s d=0.412, p
Frequency of Viral Hepatitis in the Governorate of Hajjah, Yemen, for Four Years: Between 2020 and 2023
Authors: Edrees Wadhah
Published: June 2024

Viral hepatitis is currently acknowledged as a significant public health issue that necessitates a prompt and immediate response. Hepatitis is a significant worldwide health problem that causes the death of approximately 1.5 million individuals annually. The objective of this study was to ascertain the occurrence rate of hepatitis A, E, B, and C infections in the Hajjah governorate of Yemen from 2020 to 2023.A retrospective study was conducted in the Hajjah Governorate of Yemen for four years, 2020– 2023. About 41162 cases were collected from the clinical records of epidemiological surveillance in the Public Health Office of the Hajjah Governorate. All cases were diagnosed in different laboratories based on direct observation of viral hepatitis in the blood sample. The required data were obtained by using the designed questionnaire. The findings of the present investigation were summarized as follows: The current findings indicate that the prevalence rate of Hepatitis A and E was 761 (1.85%), while the prevalence rate of Hepatitis B and C was 971 (2.36%) among the participants of the study. The current findings indicate that the incidence of Hepatitis A and E was greater in 2022 (2.3%), while Hepatitis B and C had a higher rate in 2020 (2.9%). The study revealed a higher prevalence of hepatitis A and E among individuals originating from Al Miftah district 116, with a rate of 7.5%. Furthermore, the prevalence of hepatitis B and C in Hajjah city was significantly higher, reaching 579 cases (22.9%). The month with the highest incidence of hepatitis A and E viruses was September, with a rate of 85 cases (2.6%), while the lowest incidence was observed in April, with a rate of 1.3%. The prevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses was highest in October 1997, with a rate of 2.8%, followed by November 1997 with the same rate. The lowest observed incidence of 1.6% was recorded in April. In Autumn, a significant prevalence of hepatitis A and B viruses, as well as hepatitis B and C viruses, was identified at rates of 2.2% and 2.6%, respectively.The study findings indicate that the occurrence of HAV, HEV, HBV, and HCV in the study area is consistent with global trends. Although the study found a low prevalence of hepatitis viruses, these types of viruses will continue to pose a significant risk to public health. Based on this study, it is imperative for authorities to actively enhance public awareness in order to enable prompt planning and essential arrangements for an effective response to outbreaks or epidemics. This will ultimately lead to a reduction in illness, death, and economic burden.
Study of the Effects of Wall Thickness and Size Variations on the Rupture Risk of Cerebral Aneurysms Using FSI Simulations
Authors: Díaz Daniel , Valencia Álvaro
Published: June 2024

Cerebral aneurysms come in a wide range of shapes and sizes, they can evolve over time and present significant changes. It is generally accepted that large aneurysms are more prone to rupture, but the rupture of small aneurysms has also been observed, indicating the presence of additional risks factors. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of the aneurysm size and wall thickness on its rupture risk by using fluid-structure interaction simulations. Six patient-specific geometries were chosen, four were used for studying the size effect and two for studying the thickness effect. Additional cases where the aneurysm was removed were included. It was found that thinner walls suffer from significantly greater stresses, whereas an increment in size means, in general, lower wall shear stress and greater equivalent stress. By removing the aneurysm, it could be noted that at the rupture point, the reduction in the time-averaged wall shear stress was 75%. Although the size of an aneurysm has a great impact in its rupture risk, its wall thickness needs to be considered, since even maintaining its size, the aneurysm could suffer from a thin-ning of its walls that can lead to structural failure.
Combined supply and demand interventions increased the frequency of fish purchases in rural households: results from a randomized, controlled trial in Timor-Leste
Authors: Tilley Alexander , Byrd Kendra , Altarturi Hamza , Baltazar Lilia Herminia de Fátima , Bonis-Profumo Gianna , Cardoso Serafin Manuel , Costa Floriberto Soares da , Gomes Mario , Klumpyan Katherine , Longobardi Lorenzo , Lopes Joctan Dos Reis , Leco Osvaldo Madeira , Nuno Aurelia Imaculada , Silveira Laura Vicunha , Shikuku Kelvin Mashisia , Wain José Juvinido Fátima
Published: June 2024

The role that fish play in healthy, sustainable diets is well documented, but getting fish into rural diets presents supply and demand challenges. Nearshore fish-aggregating devices (FADs) are simple, climate smart devices placed in coastal fishing grounds away from reefs to concentrate pelagic fish and make them easier for fishers to catch. We conducted a cluster-randomized, controlled trial in Timor-Leste to test the effects of nearshore FADs on fish catch rates and to evaluate the effects of the FAD placement alone, a social behaviour change (SBC) component alone, and the combined effects of the FAD and SBC on household weekly fish purchase and women’s and children’s consumption the day prior. Catch data was collected daily from landing sites, using a digital fisheries monitoring system. Household fish purchases were measured by asking detailed questions about purchases in the previous seven days, and qualitative 24-hour recalls were conducted with a woman of reproductive age in the house. Analysis was intention-to-treat. The catch per unit of fishing effort (CPUE) significantly increased at one fishing ground with FADs (0.85 kg/fisher/hr) but decreased significantly at two fishing grounds, one by –0.43 kg and one by –0.50 kg. Households in the FADs+SBC arm were almost twice as likely to purchase fish during the previous week compared to the control households (PR; 1.90, 95% CI; 1.14, 3.20, p<0.05). Women in the FAD+SBC arm were 4 times as likely to report consuming fish the day prior as compared to women in the control arm (PR: 4.17, 95% CI 1.88, 9.29; p<0.001). There were no differences in fish purchases or consumption in either the FAD alone or SBC alone arms. From our finding that both the FAD placement and SBC interventions were required to improve diets, we conclude that efforts, investments, and programs aimed at improving diets should focus on both supply and demand aspects of the food system.
Failure Analysis of Beam Scanning system of High-power DC Industrial Electron Accelerator
Authors: Dixit Kavita Pramod , Sarkar Shreya Ghatak , Garg Vipul , Kumar Sajal , N Naveen Kumar , Chaudhary Nishant , Vinod Gopika
Published: June 2024

Reliable performance of high-power electron accelerators is a very important aspect, as the numerous industrial applications for which they are employed require 24 x 7 operation. For this purpose, it is necessary to understand the failures that occur in such accelerator systems and employ mitigation methods to ensure their availability. Beam scanning system, which helps to deliver a uniform dose to the products being irradiated under the electron beam, is a critical sub-system of in industrial accelerators. Failure Mode & Effects Analysis has been performed and it is identified that the titanium foil in beam scanning system is considered as weakest link affecting the availability of the system. This paper focuses on the beam scanning system of a 1 MeV DC Accelerator, to analyse the failure of a punctured titanium foil window, through which the beam emerges for irradiation. Analysis through SEM analysis and Raman spectroscopy have been conducted and results are discussed here. Mechanistic model for Ti grade 2 window has been developed and failure probability of the foil has been estimated. Using this estimation, Bayesian network has been developed, with operational data and expert judgement. Mitigation techniques are recommended to ensure the targeted availability of the accelerator.
Study on the efficiency of virtual reality in the treatment of alcohol use disorder: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Nègre Fanny , Lemercier-Dugarin Maud , Gomet Romain , Pelissolo Antoine , Malbos Eric , Romo Lucia , Zerdazi El-Hadi
Published: June 2024

Context: According to the World Health Organization, alcohol is a major global public health problem, leading to a significant increase in illness and death. To treat alcohol use disorders, new therapeutic tools are being promoted, among which virtual reality (VR) shows promise. Previous research has demonstrated the efficacy of VR in reducing alcohol cravings in patients, but there is a lack of data on its effectiveness in maintaining abstinence or reducing consumption in recently abstinent individuals.
The E-Reva study aims to compare the efficacy of a treatment strategy combining virtual reality cue exposure therapy (VR-CET) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with conventional CBT in reducing alcohol consumption and craving in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). In addition to this primary objective, the study will compare the effects of VR-CET combined with CBT on anxiety, depression, rumination, and feelings of self-efficacy versus conventional CBT.
Methods: This prospective randomized controlled trial will be conducted over 8 months in four addiction departments in France. It includes two parallel groups: i) the VR-CET + CBT group, and ii) the CBT-only group, which serves as a control group.
Participants will be recruited by the investigating doctor in the addiction centers. The sample will consist of 156 patients diagnosed with AUD and abstinent for at least 15 days.
Both treatment groups will participate in four group CBT sessions followed by four individual sessions: i) the VR-CET group will be exposed to virtual environments associated with alcohol-related stimuli, ii) the CBT-only group will receive traditional CBT sessions. After completion of the 8 sessions, patients will be followed up for 6 months. The primary outcome is the cumulative number of standard drinks consumed at 8 months, assessed using the TLFB method.
Discussion: Despite the promise of VR-CET to reduce the desire to drink, the effect on alcohol consumption remains uncertain in the existing literature. Our protocol aims to address the limitations of previous research by increasing sample size, targeting consumption reduction, and incorporating neutral environments. E-Reva aims to enrich the literature on the use of VR in the treatment of AUD and open new perspectives for future interventions.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT06104176, Registered 2023/11/13 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06104176?id=NCT06104176&rank=1 )
N° IDRCB: 2022-A02797-36
Protocol version 1.0, 12/05/2023
When overfishing is the sustainable option: controlling a range-extender
Authors: Cresswell Katherine , Little Lorne , Hartmann Klaas , Gardner Caleb , Keane John , Ling Scott , Bradshaw Stephen
Published: June 2024

Climate change is driving species to colonise new ranges, sometimes causing uncontrollable damage. We present a remarkable scenario where government-supported incentives have driven the establishment of a commercial fishery targeting a destructive urchin, intentionally encouraging overfishing to protect kelp ecosystems. This ecosystem management strategy is paradoxical in the objective to overfish sustainably. Due to consistent and increasing larval influx, eradication of urchins in their extended range is implausible. Management therefore focuses on maintaining urchin density below a critical threshold while ensuring a viable commercial fishery for long-term species control. Our bio-economic model dissects the fishery’s impact, offering practical strategies for controlling a destructive range-extender given economic and spatial dynamics. Beyond the implications of subsidising a commercial fishery to counteract the impacts of climate change, our study explores the conflict between exploitation and conservation, challenging traditional views and presenting practical pathways to sustainability.
Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solutions by Immobilized Bacteria using biochar and lignosulfonate into Chitosan: A Study on Cadmium and Lead
Authors: Farhadi Azadeh , Enayatizamir Naeimeh , Moradi Neda , taghavi Mehdi , Sohail Muhammad
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to isolate cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) resistant bacteria from the soil around the steel industry and to remove both metals from aqueous solution by coupling the bacteria with modified chitosan. A combination of corn biochar, and lignosulfonate with chitosan was used to immobilize the bacteria. Six bacterial isolates were identified and half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) values for cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were determined. FTIR analysis of Pb- and Cd- exposed bacteria revealed the functional groups involved in metal sorption. Immobilized bacteria in biochar-chitosan and lignosulfonate-chitosan beads could efficiently remove metals. The best fit of adsorption isotherms for Cd and Pb was obtained using the Freundlich isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity at an initial concentration of 200 mg L− 1 of Cd and Pb was 52.72 mg g− 1 and 58.68 mg g− 1, respectively, by immobilized bacteria using biochar in chitosan (CbB). The adsorption capacity of the beads for both metals increased with increasing contact time. The Intraparticle diffusion model indicated the best fit to explain the kinetic data for Pb and Cd. The maximum removal of Pb and Cd by CbB were 99.7% and 99.4%, respectively, after 240 min.