bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carta sine litteris – kora középkori okirathasználat és historiográfia
Authors: Nótári Tamás
Published: October 2020

In the work De Europa by Enea Silvio Piccolomini, book no 20, regarding the history of Carinthia, stands recorded the story of prince Ingo, who, according to the legend, contributed significantly by way of his wit to the spreading of Christianity. This study presents the circumstances in which the Conversio Bagoariorum et Carantanorum, which contains an earlier record of the legend, came into being, and it examines the possible existence in historical reality of prince Ingo and his princely title. In the following, the author analyses the possible meaning and the significance to legal history of the term carta sine litteris (a charter without letters), which appears in other sources of the legend but not in the one recounted by Enea Silvio Piccolomini. Finally, the author presents the literary precursors to the legend of prince Ingo and his role in the Conversio as well as the path the legend took until being recorded by Enea Silvio.
Role of Sustainable Supply Chain Management on The Performance of State Corporations in Kenya
Authors: Ruth Njoki Rureri , Achuora DR. John
Published: October 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the role of sustainable supply chain management on the performance of state corporations in Kenya.Methodology: This research study adopted a descriptive research design approach. This method is preferred because it allows an in-depth study of the subject. The sample for this study shall comprise 187 state corporations in Kenya. Primary data was collected using a questionnaire whereas secondary data was collected from existing literature. The study involved three types of sampling techniques. Stratified random sampling was used and also simple random sampling after the researcher identifies homogeneity of the population. Data was analyzed through descriptive statistical methods such as means, standard deviation, frequencies and percentage. Inferential analyses were used in relation to correlation analysis and regression analysis to test the relationship between the four explanatory variables and the explained variable Results and conclusion: The independent variables reported R value of .846 indicating that there is perfect relationship between dependent variable and independent variables. R square value of 0.716 which means that 71.6% of the corresponding variation in performance of the state corporations can be explained or predicted by (environmental sustainability, economical sustainability, social-cultural sustainability and ethical sustainability) which indicated that the model fitted the study data. The results of regression analysis revealed that there was a significant positive relationship between dependent variable and independent variable at (β = 1.240), p=0.00 <0.05).Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: The findings of the study indicated that environmental sustainability, economical sustainability, social-cultural sustainability and ethical sustainability have a positive relationship with performance of state corporations in Kenya
Influence of Reverse Logistics on Performance of Food and Beverage Manufacturing Firms in Kenya
Authors: Mutuku Alexander Kyalo , Moronge Dr. Makori
Published: October 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess the influence of reverse logistics on performance of food and beverage manufacturing firms in Kenya with an aim of making recommendations on proper use of reverse logistics management practices in manufacturing companies.Methodology: This research study adopted a descriptive research design approach. This study used probability sampling since the population and location of food and beverage manufacturing firms is known. Specifically, the study used stratified random sampling in order to account for the uneven distribution of firms in various towns. Based on distribution of firms in the 10 towns the study used proportions calculated in the population distribution to come up with a representative sample distribution. The proportions calculated give the number of firms to be included in the sample for each segment. Thereafter simple random sampling was used to select the names of food and beverage manufacturing firms in which data is to be collected. The study combined two methods in its data collection that is, questionnaires and key informant interviews. After data collection, quantitative data was coded using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20. Data was analysed through descriptive statistical methods such as means, standard deviation, frequencies and percentage. Inferential analyses were used in relation to correlation analysis and regression analysis to test the relationship between the four explanatory variables and the explained variableResults and conclusion: The response rate of the study was 92%. R square value of 0.647 means that 64.7% of the corresponding variation in performance of food and beverage manufacturing firms in Kenya can be explained or predicted by (product returns management, recycling management, disposal management and product repackaging) which indicated that the model fitted the study data. The results of regression analysis revealed that there was a significant positive relationship between dependent variable and independent variable at (β = 0.647, p=0.000 <0.05).The findings of the study concluded that product returns management, recycling management, disposal management and product repackaging have a positive relationship with performance of food and beverage manufacturing firms in Kenya. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: the study recommended that food and beverage manufacturing firms should embrace reverse logistics so as to improve performance and further researches should to be carried out in other sectors to find out if the same results can be obtained.
Financial markets in the period of uncertainty – focus on the Slovak financial market
Authors: Turuk Igor , Passova Marcela
Published: October 2020

Economic environment has changed significantly in recent days due to the COVID19 and measures the governments apply to combat it will inevitably cause the substantial shrinkage of economies due to reduced economic activities on the national as well as global levels. As a result, financial markets have been under great stress because there is no prediction on the size, scope, and duration of this situation. Simultaneously this causes a great uncertainty. It is obvious that financial markets play crucial role in the general good standing of economies because they are serving as a channel through which funds are transferred to and between entities on the market. Financial and monetary systems are a part of the economic system whereby for the latter it is important the former to be as stable as possible. In order this to be achieved or at least risks caused by uncertainty to be reduced both in short-term as well as long-term perspectives a wide scope of traditional as well as modern the financial market regulations have been applied and here we are going to present at least some of them.
Covid-19 crisis
Authors: Kelecic Petra
Published: October 2020

The coronavirus situation is causing widespread concern and economic hardship for society, consumers and businesses worldwide. As for entire world, COVD-19 is the most serious challenge to financial institutions in long time. Banks are called upon to manage this new phase with urgency and aptness, to help deflect a worldwide recession. Until recently, majority of banks were focused on empowering both the psychical and digital distribution models. The “new normal” calls for reassessing of priorities and pushes new distribution model where psychical and digital are combined and act as one, with interconnected capabilities. This paper highlights importance of long-term positioning in post covid world, as market forces and customer behavior potentially change coming out of this crisis. In order to manage revenue and customer expectations, new customer-centric and digital based ecosystem should be established, leveraging on the latest technologies, aiming at increasing remote sales and market penetration. Having that in mind, article aims to shed light on key factors important for retail banking success in this “new future”.
Penerapan Algoritma Naïve Bayes Untuk Klasifikasi Penyakit Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ridwan Achmad
Published: October 2020

Diabetes Mellitus atau kencing manis adalah penyakit metabolisme disebabkan oleh kadar gula tinggi didalam darah. Gula darah disimpan atau digunakan untuk energi yang berasal dari darah yang dipindahkan ke sel manusia oleh hormon insulin . ketika terserang Diabetes, pada tubuh manusia insulin tidak biasa dihasilkan secara cukup bahkan tubuh tidak dapat menggunakan insulin tersebut secara benar sesuai kebutuhan. Diabetes Mellitus terdaftar sebagai penyakit penyumbang kematian terbesar terbesar didunia. Diabetes Mellitus dapat diklasifikasikan berdasarkan kemungkinan terkenanya dari atribut gejala diawal fasenya. penyakit ini bisa dideteksi karena banyak gejala yang terdeteksi. Data yang digunakan pada analisis ini merupakan data dari dataset UCI Machine Learning yaitu Early Stage Diabetes Risk tahun 2020 dan terdiri 17 attribut. Analisis yang dilakukan meliputi data preprocessing, model, dan evaluasi. Pengujian Metode klasifikasi pada riset adalah Naïve Bayes Classification. Hasil klasifikasi menunjukkan akurasi sebesar 90.20% dan nilai AUCnya yaitu 0,95
Rancang Bangun Sistem Penjadwalan Kuliah Menggunakan Algoritma Genetika (Studi Kasus : Universitas CIC)
Authors: Ulkarim Syifa , Asfi Marsani , Putri Tiara Eka
Published: October 2020

Universitas Catur Insan Cendekia (UCIC) adalah perguruan tinggi yang berlokasi di Jl. Kesambi No. 202 Kota Cirebon dan berada pada naungan yayasan Catur Insan Cendekia. Dalam upaya melakukan penjadwalan kuliah Universitas Catur Insan Cendekia masih dibuat secara semi manual sehingga terbilang masih kurang efisien, dan sering kalinya terjadi bentrok antar jadwal kuliah sehingga dilakukannya revisi berkalikali untuk mencapai jadwal kuliah yang sesuai. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut diperlukan suatu sistem yang dapat melakukan optimasi jadwal kuliah yang lebih baik. Metode algoritma genetika adalah metode yang diterapkan dalam melakukan optimasi penjadwalan kuliah. Metode perancangan program yang digunakan adalah perancangan dengan pendekatan berorientasi objek yaitu menggunakan Unified Modelling Language. Bahasa pemrograman yang digunakan adalah Hypertext Prepocessor, MySQL, dan laravel sebagai kerangka kerja dari rancangan pembuatan program yang akan dibangun. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sistem yang mampu menghasilkan penjadwalan kuliah, sistem ini dapat melakukan optimasi penjadwalan dengan hasil yang lebih efisien sehingga dapat memudahkan tugas BAAK Universitas CIC.
Total Factor Productivity in Manufacturing Industry for Delhi for Last Thirty Years
Authors: Bhattacharya Anindya
Published: October 2020

This paper attempts to give an overview of the Total Factor Productivity Growth (TFPG) for the NCR or Delhi for the period from 1981-82 to 2011-12 for the manufacturing sector. Using the ASI time series data and Growth Accounting Approach the TFPG Index values are computed. The study reveals that for most of the major group or 2-digit level of manufacturing industries the respective TFPG values are declining over time. The results indicate that the lacklustre performance of the manufacturing sector equally holds in Delhi as it is already verified for the national level data of the sector through many other studies in recent time.
Research on the Efficient Market Hypothesis: A Review
Authors: Gupta Saloni
Published: October 2020

A periodic review of research done in any field is of significance for research and policy makers. While researchers can use the review to identify research gaps and gather reference bibliographic material; decision makers and policy makers can recommend the path to developments and make use of research findings to support their decisions or policies suitably. This paper is an attempt to review the theoretical and empirical literature on the efficient market model as has evolved. The study will provide a comprehensive commentary on the nature of research done on the stock market efficiency, with particular reference to India, in recent years and findings thereof.
Profitability and Resilience of Luxury Market to the Financial Crisis during 2007-08
Authors: Gupta Saloni , Bothra Neha
Published: October 2020

The Financial crisis of 2007-08 has successfully hit the dollar value, developed economies and demand levels of multiple nations. The financers, capitalists and common man together decided to be conservative on spending. The economies kept calculating the means to survive out of it. In the troublesome circumstances of such, the market of luxury was reported to be growing at a fast pace. The ordinary of extraordinary people and the extraordinary of ordinary people is luxury. The study is to check the assertions made for the luxury market. The profitability level of the market is tested of the S&P Global Luxury Index that comprises of the 80companies. The data is collected from Bloomberg database, 2004-13. The data is categorized into two phases –pre (2004-06) and post (2009-13) crisis. The paired T-test is run over the data series of three profitability ratios- ROA, NPR and ROE.  The investors’ return on equity is not significantly hampered in the post phase in the market as well as the sector wise segregation. The tuff times of crisis have proved to bring diminishing values for net profit ratio in the Hotel, leisure and Beverages, Household and personal care sectors.
Fourteenth Finance Commission: An Analysis of the Key Recommendations
Authors: Gupta Saloni
Published: October 2020

The Fourteenth Finance Commission (FFC) has submitted its recommendations for the period 2015-16 to 2020-21. They are likely to have major implications for center-state relations, for union and state budgeting and for the fiscal situation of the center and the states. The spirit behind the FFC recommendations is to increase the automatic transfers to the states to give them more fiscal autonomy and this is ensured by increasing the share of states from 32 to 42 per cent of divisible pool. The FFC has made far-reaching changes in tax devolution that will move the country toward greater fiscal federalism, conferring more fiscal autonomy on the states. It is hoped that the far-reaching recommendations of the FFC will further the Government’s vision of cooperative and competitive federalism.
Variance Ratio Test of Random Walk in Indian Stock Market
Authors: Gupta Saloni , Bothra Neha
Published: October 2020

We conduct tests of the null hypothesis of a random walk at the aggregate level of market indices and disaggregate level of individual shares to the Indian stock market over various data periods and a comparison of two sub-periods namely the pre liberalization and the post liberalization period. For this, we use the Lo-MacKinlay (1988) variance ratio test. Although the oldest test i.e. the serial correlation coefficient test is also applied to the same data to establish the relationship between the two tests but its results are not elaborated in this paper. The strength of this paper lies in the voluminous data base and a powerful testing tool that it makes use of. It is observed that the market is highly inefficient at daily returns level, thus imbibing high degree of predictability in stock returns, and even the weekly returns show the existence of trend. Monthly returns, however, support the random walk hypothesis across all periods. Thus it is concluded that further refinement of reform measures is required.
Efficiency and Profitability of State Bank of India and its Associate Banks in India
Authors: Ashokan Smrithi , Menon S. Sandhya
Published: October 2020

Financial Soundness and profitability of the banking sector in India has implicit primeval importance due to intense competition, and changing banking reforms. The quality in the working of financial sector truly impacts the profitability of the banks which as a whole impacts the economy and GDP of a country. This study attempts to measure the relative performance of State Bank of India and Its Associate Banks in India. For this study, we have used the State Bank of India and its five associate banks. We know that in the service sector, it is difficult to quantify the output because it is intangible. Hence different proxy indicators are used for measuring productivity of banks. The profitability of the banks are examined on the basis of the following parameters: Return on Assets, Return on Equity ,Net Non Performing Assets, Interest Income to Total Assets, Net Interest Margin, Establishment expenses, Capital to Risk  Assets Quality ratio. Here an attempt has been made to examine the financial soundness of SBI & its Associate banks in terms of efficiency and profitability.
A comparative analysis of economic characteristics of registered micro and small enterprises run respectively by backward and forward classes in India
Authors: Khuntia Janmejoy
Published: October 2020

One of the major features of Indian economy is inequality in income and asset distribution. A comparative study of principal characteristics of micro and small enterprises owned by backward classes which include Scheduled Caste, Scheduled Tribe and Other Backward Class and Others belonging to forward class in India reveal this phenomenon. It is a well-known fact that small industry sector provides lively hood to large number of people across India through ownership of small business enterprise. However, with respect to their performance, they differ significantly. This paper tries to study the inequality existing in the principal characteristic among registered enterprises owned by backward classes and Others respectively.
Updated distribution of the elusive Roach’s mouse-tailed dormouse, Myomimus roachi Bate, 1937 (Mammalia: Rodentia: Gliridae) in Bulgaria
Authors: Nedyalkov Nedko , Popgeorgiev Georgi , Staneva Anna
Published: October 2020

Myomimus roachi is one of the rarest and least studied mammals of the Western Palearctic. It is rare and sparsely distributed in the Southeastern Balkans and Western Anatolia. After its initial finding in 1959, the species was recorded only sporadically. All available data for the species distribution in Bulgaria are summarised and three new country records are reported, which all together increases the number of squares on the 10×10 km grid where the species has been recorded to 24. The current species habitats and threats are discussed.
A specimen of little bush moa Anomalopteryx didiformis (Owen, 1844), Emeidae Bonaparte, 1854 from the National Museum of Natural History, Sofia
Authors: Boev Zlatozar
Published: October 2020

A complete right tarsometatarsus from an unknown site of New Zealand was identified as little bush moa (Anomalopteryx didiformis (Owen, 1844)), possibly an adult male individual.
Notes on the distribution of some species of Lepidoptera in Kazakhstan
Authors: Langourov Mario , Simov Nikolay , Abadjiev Stanislav
Published: October 2020

The paper presents results of an entomological expedition carried out in the southern parts of Kazakhstan in May 2015. This expedition was conducted within a joint team project of the Department of Entomology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, and the National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. The paper includes a list of 17 recorded species of Lepidoptera with comments on their distribution.
New and rare fungus gnats for the fauna of Bulgaria (Diptera: Nematocera: Mycetophilidae)
Authors: Pavlova Aneliya
Published: October 2020

The paper provides information about two newly recorded species for the fauna of Bulgaria: Docosia rohaceki Sevcik, 2006 and Leia graeca Bechev, 1997 and new localities for another two rare species in Bulgaria. Azana (A.) bulgarense Coher, 1995 is proposed as a synonym of Azana (A.) flavohalterata Strobl, 1909.
First European Neogene record of true pheasants from Gorna Sushitsa (SW Bulgaria)
Authors: Boev Zlatozar
Published: October 2020

A late Miocene (Middle Turolian) ulna is described as a holotype of Phasianus bulgaricus sp. n.. This find is the first record of Neogene true pheasants in Europe.
Two species of Psocoptera (Insecta) as new records to the Bulgarian fauna with a country checklist
Authors: Georgiev Dilian
Published: October 2020

Two species of Psocoptera (Insecta) are reported as new to the Bulgarian fauna: Philotarsus parviceps (Philotarsidae) and Loensia fasciata (Psocidae). After this publication, the list of known barkfly species in the country contains a total of 67 species. A checklist is provided with references to the original records.
Funciones analíticas a partir de un modelo estocástico de las extracciones de una presa hidroeléctrica después de la temporada de lluvias
Authors: De la Cruz-Courtois O.A. , Guichard D. , Arganis M.L.
Published: October 2020

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo el planteamiento de ecuaciones estocásticas para la resolución de los niveles de embalse de un sistema hidroeléctrico que opera en cascada a través de 2 presas, en los meses posteriores a la época de lluvias, específicamente, los meses de noviembre y diciembre. A partir de los modelos de control markovianos se establecen el espacio de estados, el espacio de acciones, el kernel de transición y las funciones de ganancia y costo, para luego proponer una función objetivo que maximice una ecuación de optimalidad mediante variables continuas. Como resultado se determinan ecuaciones de los beneficios esperados en unidades energéticas de GW-hora, así como un modelo de políticas óptimas basado en estados continuos. En conclusión, se obtiene un conjunto de funciones analíticas que dependen de la época del año y los volúmenes actuales de cada uno de los embalses, para así determinar la mejor política de decisión para obtener el mayor beneficio de energía sin poner en riesgo la seguridad de la población por posibles derrames y minimizando déficits.
Evaluation of the LOTOS-EUROS NO2 simulations using ground-based measurements
and S5P/TROPOMI observations over Greece
Authors: Skoulidou Ioanna , Koukouli Maria-Elissavet , Manders Astrid , Segers Arjo , Karagkiozidis Dimitris , Gratsea Myrto , Balis Dimitris , Bais Alkiviadis , Gerasopoulos Evangelos , Stavrakou Trisevgeni , van Geffen Jos , Eskes Henk , Richter Andreas
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The evaluation of chemical transport models, CTMs, is essential for the assessment of their performance regarding the physical and chemical parameterizations used. While regional CTMs have been widely used and evaluated over Europe, their validation over Greece is limited. In this study, we investigate the performance of the LOTOS-EUROS v2.2.001 regional chemical transport model in simulating nitrogen dioxide, NO2, over Greece from June to December 2018. In-situ NO2 measurements obtained from the National Air Pollution Monitoring Network are compared with surface simulations over the two major cities of Greece, Athens and Thessaloniki. The model reproduces well the spatial variability of the measured NO2 with a spatial correlation coefficient of 0.85 for the period between June and December 2018. About half of the 14 air quality monitoring stations show a good temporal correlation to the simulations, higher than 0.6, during daytime (12–15 p.m. local time), while the corresponding biases are negative. Most stations show stronger negative biases during winter than in summer. Furthermore, the simulated tropospheric NO2 columns are evaluated against ground-based MAX-DOAS NO2 measurements and space-borne Sentinel 5-Precursor TROPOMI tropospheric NO2 observations in July and December 2018. LOTOS-EUROS captures better the NO2 temporal variability in December (0.61 and 0.81) than in July (0.50 and 0.21) when compared to the corresponding measurements of the MAX-DOAS instruments in Thessaloniki and the rural azimuth viewing direction in Athens respectively. The urban azimuth viewing direction in Athens region however shows a better correlation in July than in December (0.41 and 0.19, respectively). LOTOS-EUROS NO2 columns over Athens and Thessaloniki agree well with the TROPOMI observations showing higher spatial correlation in July (0.95 and 0.82, respectively) than in December (0.82 and 0.66, respectively) while the relative temporal correlations are higher during winter. Overall, the comparison of the simulations with the TROPOMI observations shows a model underestimation in summer and an overestimation in winter both in Athens and Thessaloniki. Updated emissions for the simulations and model improvements when extreme values of boundary layer height are encountered are further suggested.
DEFORMATION MONITORING USING SATELLITE RADAR INTERFEROMETRY
Authors: Crosetto M. , Solari L.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The paper is focused on the Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) technique. First, it addresses the substantial evolution of PSI in the last twenty years. Three main factors are identified: the availability of SAR images, the development of advanced data processing techniques, and the increase of the computation capability. The paper then addresses the PSI deformation monitoring initiatives at regional and national scale. Finally, in the last section, it is described a pan European deformation monitoring service: the European Ground Motion Service (EGMS).
MAPPING PASTURE AREAS IN WESTERN REGION OF SÃO PAULO STATE, BRAZIL
Authors: Bonamigo A. F. C. , Oliveira J. C. , Lamparelli R. A. C. , Figueiredo G. K. D. A. , Campbell E. E. , Soares J. R. , Monteiro L. A. , Vianna M. , Jaiswal D. , Sheehan J. J. , Lynd L. R.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Brazil is one of the largest exporters of cattle meat production. Most of this production is under pasture areas, with different levels of livestock and field management. Remotely sensed images could be interesting tools to detect distinct temporal and spatial patterns of these systems. In this context, classification algorithms have been proposed to use information from satellite images to map different land covers. The Time-Weighted Dynamic Time Warping (TWDTW) is an algorithm that has the advantage of working well with datasets with enough amounts of temporal information and seasonality patterns. In the present work, the TWDTW was performed to classify pasture managements in farms located in Western region of São Paulo State in Brazil for the years 2017 and 2018, as a primary study. It was used Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series images from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer – MODIS sensor (products MOD13Q1 and MYD13Q) with 250 meters of spatial resolution. In classifications for the years 2017 and 2018, it was observed a predominance of traditional pasture. Total areas of degraded and traditional pasture were very similar between 2017 and 2018. The year of 2017 showed higher spatial distribution of intensified pastures than year 2018. The classification achieved satisfying results with complete accuracy in validation. The information collected from field visits were important to analyse general aspects of the results. Therefore, in this pilot study TWDTW algorithm demonstrated to have potential in differentiating classes of pasture management. Next steps will be to explore the possibilities to classify pasture systems in large areas.
A NEW DRAINAGE BASIN DELINEATION FOR THE SOUTHERN PATAGONIAN ICE FIELD BASED ON TERRASAR-X VELOCITIES AND TANDEM-X ELEVATIONS
Authors: Krieger L. , Johnson E. , Floricioiu D.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The drainage basins or catchments for the Patagonian Ice Field are part of glacier inventories like the Randolph Glacier Inventory (RGI) or the Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS). These catchments are used in many glaciological studies for integrating remote sensing measurements over the area of a single glacier. An accurate basin boundary delineation is therefore important for applications like mass balance measurements for individual glaciers in Patagonia. Here we investigate existing catchment delineations of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field (SPI) with a modified watershed algorithm that is capable of including ice velocity measurements from SAR offset tracking during the delineation process. The classical watershed delineation is performed using only a DEM. We show that apart from the basins of Bernardo, Greve, Tempano and Occidental there is no dependence of the basin boundary on the measured ice velocity direction and that the glaciers of SPI flow in the direction of the steepest surface slope of modern high resolution DEMs like the TDM global DEM or SRTM. Additionally, a map of basin probabilities has been produced, which highlights several locations on the ice field where the delineation of the exact basin boundary is difficult.
TOWARDS OPEN-SET SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION OF AERIAL IMAGES
Authors: da Silva C. C. V. , Nogueira K. , Oliveira H. N. , dos Santos J. A.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Classical and more recently deep computer vision methods are optimized for visible spectrum images, commonly encoded in grayscale or RGB colorspaces acquired from smartphones or cameras. A more uncommon source of images exploited in the remote sensing field are satellite and aerial images. However the development of pattern recognition approaches for these data is relatively recent, mainly due to the limited availability of this type of images, as until recently they were used exclusively for military purposes. Access to aerial imagery, including spectral information, has been increasing mainly due to the low cost of drones, cheapening of imaging satellite launch costs, and novel public datasets. Usually remote sensing applications employ computer vision techniques strictly modeled for classification tasks in closed set scenarios. However, real-world tasks rarely fit into closed set contexts, frequently presenting previously unknown classes, characterizing them as open set scenarios. Focusing on this problem, this is the first paper to study and develop semantic segmentation techniques for open set scenarios applied to remote sensing images. The main contributions of this paper are: 1) a discussion of related works in open set semantic segmentation, showing evidence that these techniques can be adapted for open set remote sensing tasks; 2) the development and evaluation of a novel approach for open set semantic segmentation. Our method yielded competitive results when compared to closed set methods for the same dataset.
EVALUATION OF RANDOM FOREST–BASED ANALYSIS FOR THE GYPSUM DISTRIBUTION IN THE ATACAMA DESERT
Authors: Hoffmeister D. , Herbrecht M. , Kramm T. , Schulte P.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Gypsum-rich material covers the hillslopes above ∼ 1000 m of the Atacama and forms the particular landscape. In this contribution, we evaluate random forest-based analysis in order to predict the gypsum distribution in a specific area of ∼ 3000 km2, located in the hyperarid core of the Atacama. Therefore, three different sets of input variables were chosen. These variables reflect the different factors forming soil properties, according to digital soil mapping. The variables are derived from indices based on imagery of the ASTER and Landsat-8 satellite, geomorphometric parameters based on the Tandem-X World DEM™, as well as selected climate variables and geologic units. These three different models were used to evaluate the Ca-content derived from soil surface samples, reflecting gypsum content. All three different models derived high values of explained variation (r2 > 0.886), the RMSE is ∼ 4500 mg∙kg−1 and the NRMSE is ∼ 6%. Overall, this approach shows promising results in order to derive a gypsum content prediction for the whole Atacama. However, further investigation on the independent variables need to be conducted. In this case, the ferric oxides index (representing magnetite content), slope and a temperature gradient are the most important factors for predicting gypsum content.
NEW VEGETATION INDICES FOR FULL AND COMPACT POLARIMETRIC SAR DATA: IN PREPARATION FOR THE RADARSAT CONSTELLATION MISSION (RCM)
Authors: Ratha D. , Mandal D. , Dey S. , Bhattacharya A. , Frery A. , Rao Y. S. , McNairn H.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. In this paper, we present two radar vegetation indices for full-pol and compact-pol SAR data, respectively. Both are derived using the notion of a geodesic distance between observation and well-known scattering models available in the literature. While the full-pol version depends on a generalized volume scattering model, the compact-pol version uses the ideal depolariser to model the randomness in the vegetation. We have utilized the RADARSAT Constellation Mission (RCM) time-series data from the SAMPVEX16-MB campaign in the Manitoba region of Canada for comparing and assessing the indices in terms of the change in the biophysical parameters as well. The compact-pol data for comparison is simulated from the full-pol RCM time series. Both the indices show better performance at correlating with biophysical parameters such as Plant Area Index (PAI) and Volumetric Water Content (VWC) for wheat and soybean crops, in comparison to the state-of-art Radar Vegetation Index (RVI) of Kim and van Zyl. These indices are timely for the upcoming release of the data from the RCM, which will provide data in both full and compact-pol modes, aimed at better crop monitoring from space.
FCRN-BASED MULTI-TASK LEARNING FOR AUTOMATIC CITRUS TREE DETECTION FROM UAV IMAGES
Authors: La Rosa L. E. C. , Zortea M. , Gemignani B. H. , Oliveira D. A. B. , Feitosa R. Q.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Citrus producers need to monitor orchards frequently, and would benefit greatly from having automated tools to analyze aerial images acquired by drones over the plantations. However, analysing large aerial data sets to enable producers to take management decisions that would optimize productivity and sustainability over time and space remains challenging. Motivated by the success of deep learning in computer vision, this work proposes a novel approach based on Fully Convolutional Regression Networks and Multi-Task Learning to detect individual full-grown trees, tree seedlings, and tree gaps in citrus orchards for inventory tracking. We show that the proposal can identify eight-year-old orange trees with accuracy between 95–99% in high-density commercial plantations where adjacent crowns overlap. This quality of detection was achieved on RGB orthomosaics with a pixel size of about 9.5 cm and requires the nominal spacing between adjacent trees as a priori information. Our results also highlight that detecting tree seedlings and tree gaps remains a challenge. For these two categories, classification sensitivity (recall) was between 59–100% and 63–94%, respectively.
Extending the applicability of Newton's and Secant methods under regular smoothness
Authors: Argyros Ioannis K. , George Santhosh , Erappa Shobha M.
Published: October 2020

The concept of regular smoothness has been shown to be an appropriate and powerfull tool for the convergence of iterative procedures converging to a locally unique solution of an operator equation in a Banach space setting.  Motivated by earlier works, and optimization considerations, we present a tighter semi-local convergence analysis using our new idea of restricted convergence domains. Numerical examples complete this study.
The Necessity of Forming the Skills and Habits of Educational and Research Activity as a Foundation of a Gnostic Criterion of the Evaluation of the Readiness of a Future Teacher for Innovative Activity
Authors: Samsonova Ekaterina Vladimirovana , Shkilev Roman Evgenievich , Abbasova Milana Yunisovna
Published: October 2020

The study mainly concentrates on identifying the need to form the skills and abilities of educational and research activity of future teachers as the foundation of the Gnostic criterion to evaluate their readiness for innovation. Through the research, the subsequent tasks were established: the investigation of the literature on the research issue, determination of the leading indicators of the gnostic criterion of the future teacher's readiness for innovation, construction of a questionnaire for teachers to recognize their readiness level for innovation, performing a survey, examining the outcomes. To address the issue, we applied particular methods as analysis, questioning, mathematical investigation of data. The author put forward the following hypothesis: if the future teachers do not improve the skills and capabilities of educational and research activity, then the Gnostic criterion for evaluating the teachers' readiness for innovative activities would demonstrate a low level. The study's conclusions revealed a low level of teachers' mastery in the skills and experiences of research and educational activity. As a result, a low level of teachers' readiness for innovation from the Gnostic criterion, which confirmed the theory put forward.
Digital Literacy and Digital Skills in University Study
Authors: Аbrosimova Galina Alexandrovna
Published: October 2020

Recently, the digitalization phenomenon has been trending upwards globally. This term has occupied all spheres of our lives, including education. Along with global tendencies and calls of the Industrial Revolution, 4.0 national projects outlined by the president in the particular project “Digital economy” have provided many impulses to the Digitalization of education.This research paper is mainly devoted to exploring digital education and digital learning in Russia's realities today. The author utilizes the current situation with lockdown and, therefore, distance education and learning to try to shed light on some aspects of educational Digitalization. The article provides a theoretical discussion of the irreversibility and necessity of Digitalization of education, its components, stages, structure, advantages, and disadvantages; of what has been done and what is to be done in this field. The author also provides empirical data of studying Kazan Federal University students in foreign language classes during distance education and learning period. Remarkably, the article offers some insight into students’ readiness for the digital era, evaluating their digital literacy and digital skills and competencies, their motivation to keep on studying while on distance, their abilities to take responsibility for their learning as well as some issues challenging students during distance learning.
Exceptions to Copyright for Scientific and Educational Purposes
Authors: Sitdikova Roza Iosifovna , Starostina Ekaterina Sergeevna , Kashapova Elvina Rustemovna , Baryshev Sergey Alexandrovich
Published: October 2020

In this paper, it was tried to consider the current state of normative support for the development of strategic planning documents in the field of Russian education. The strategy for the development of education (DoE), as an industry document of strategic planning, has not been adopted in the Russian Federation (RF) to date. The article attempts to generalize the developments in this area, considers several international documents and projects of strategies for the development of Russian education  (DRE), national strategies focused on them. The analysis of regional strategy for the DoE, which is either component of strategies for socioeconomic development of the region, or separate concepts that are focused on municipal development strategies. Due to the lack of a strategic document at the Federal level, regional development concepts are mostly aimed at solving regional problems in the field of education, at a process approach, and, in fact, are not focused on solving breakthrough problems and taking into account all-Russian and global challenges. It is concluded that the Russian educational system cannot develop effectively in the course of planning only national projects that have their own time horizon; to solve this problem, a strategy for the DRE space is necessary, which can provide guidelines for the development of each educational organization.
Pedagogical Competence of the High School Teacher
Authors: Fakhrutdinova Anastasiya Viktorovna , Ziganshina Mayya Rashidovna , Mendelson Veronika Alexandrovna , Chumarova Lyubov Grigorevna
Published: October 2020

The need conditions the relevance of the article for the formation of higher education teachers’ pedagogical competence as the optimal system and purposeful work in this direction has not yet been formed. The goal of the article lies in the analysis of the study of the theoretical aspects of higher education teachers’ pedagogical competence and identifying the main types of professional competence. The leading approach to the study of this problem for the authors was their understanding of the concept of "competence", the distinction between the concepts of “qualification” and “competence”, as well as an understanding of the essence of higher school teacher’s pedagogical competence. The article presents a scheme of competencies of a higher school teacher, a distinction between key, subject and professional competencies. Taking into account the results of this study, it is possible to identify several scientific problems and promising areas that require further consideration: in particular, the development of new training programs for teachers of higher education institutions.
Evaluation of rehydrated corn grain silage with okara or soybean inclusion in the performance of lactating cows
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Tres Tamara Tais , Jobim Clóves Cabreira ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Rossi Robson Marcelo ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Bueno Antonio Vinicius Iank ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Gritti Viviane Carnaval ,   Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz
Published: October 2020

This study aimed to evaluate dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility, milk production and composition, and feed efficiency of cows fed corn grain silages with okara or raw soybean inclusion. Six Holstein cows were distributed in a double Latin square and arranged in the following treatments: concentrate formulated based on corn grain silage with 30% okara inclusion; concentrate of corn grain silage with 20% raw soybean inclusion, and concentrate based on dry corn grains. Statistical analysis was performed using Bayesian inference. Diets formulated with silages reduced dry matter intake compared to the diet of concentrate based on dry grains. High digestibility of DM, OM, NFC, and EE was observed for diets with silage inclusion. Milk presented an increase in CLA for the diet of corn grain silage diet with soybean inclusion. Rehydrated grain corn silage with soybean or okara inclusion reduced dry matter intake and increased nutrient digestibility, maintaining the same milk production, which demonstrates the higher efficiency of these diets.
Survey on the types of nesting of Africanized honeybees in urban areas of semiarid regions and rationalization of swarm capture for the benefit of the community
Authors:   Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Santos Ricardo Gonçalves , Castilhos Dayson ,   Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Silva Leandro Alves da ,   Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Sombra Daiana da Silva ,   Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Domingos Herica Girlane Tertulino ,   Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Gramacho Kátia Peres ,   Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Gonçalves Lionel Segui ,   Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido
Published: October 2020

Africanized honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) are abundant and widely adaptable insects that spread rapidly in tropical environments. However, their strong defensive instinct can lead to attacks on humans and animals, causing disturbances in cities. This study aimed to evaluate the nesting characteristics of Africanized honeybees in Mossoró, RN, to generate relevant information for the control of the population of these insects and prevent accidents in urban areas in the Brazilian Semiarid. This survey was conducted from April 2015 to March 2018. The following information on swarms was collected from 487 recorded occurrences: date of survey, structure of the bee site, occurrence of nesting, population size, defensiveness of the bees, and presence of queen and drones. Although the swarms reproduced throughout the year, the breeding of queens and drones increased in the rainy season (January-June). Peak swarming occurred in April-September, when there is greater availability of flowers in the region and the average ambient temperature is mild. The swarms adopted a generalist approach when choosing their nesting site, occupying structures such as tires, tree trunks, buckets, sewage, and cardboard boxes. Most swarms were found in open sites (exposed swarms). The Africanized honeybees were more selective when looking for a nest construction site than when looking for a temporary site for landing and resting. The swarms were generally small (up to 20,000 bees) and not very defensive, which facilitated their rescue in populous urban areas.
The Profile of the Supervising Lecturer: On the Association between Supervision Outputs and the Nature of the Supervision
Authors: Davidovitch Nitza , Eckhaus Eyal
Published: October 2020

This study is a pioneer study that seeks to explore the association between supervision outputs and the nature of the supervision (by e-mail, face-to-face, the student’s independence). In addition, the association between the supervising lecturer’s personal background (gender, age), professional background (faculty, tenure, excellence in teaching), and the supervision outputs (articles written, presentations at conferences) and nature of the supervision is explored. The purpose of the study is to explore items in depth so that they can be used in developing a questionnaire exploring the association between supervision outputs and the nature of the supervision.

The research findings show, for various items, significant interactions between age and gender, excellence in teaching, and tenure. Significant interactions were also found between gender and faculty, as well as between age and excellence in teaching. Differences were also found between faculties.

The findings of this study might have practical consequences for establishing the output-guided association in research supervision, as well as for establishing the practical association between the nature of the supervision and the lecturer’s personal background, professional background, the supervision outputs, and the nature of the supervision. These findings constitute a foundation for methodological thinking concerning supervision by staff members, a subject that has considerable meaning for the initial steps taken by young student researchers and for the systematic establishment of the pattern of academic supervision, which although not frontal teaching may be even more demanding.
An Improved Secant Algorithm of Variable Order to Solve Nonlinear Equations Based on the Disassociation of Numerical Approximations and Iterative Progression
Authors: Vanhille Christian
Published: October 2020

We propose an iterative method to evaluate the roots of nonlinear equations. This Secant-based technique approximates the derivatives of the function numerically through a constant discretization step h disassociated from the iterative progression. The algorithm is developed, implemented, and tested. Its order of convergence is found to be h-dependent. The results obtained corroborate the theoretical deductions and evidence its excellent behavior. For infinitesimal h-values, the algorithm accelerates the convergence of the Secant method to order 2 (the one of the Newton-Raphson method) with no need for analytic expression of derivatives (the advantage of the Secant method).
Reviewer Acknowledgements, Vol. 14, No. 11, November 2020
Authors: Lee Sunny
Published: October 2020

Reviewer Acknowledgements, Vol. 14, No. 11, November 2020