bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The legal situation of a physician when parents refuse treatment on behalf of a minor patient
Authors: Rafałowicz Paweł , Pająk Karolina , Jurek Tomasz
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Consent to or refusal of medical treatment is one of a patient’s basic rights. Medical law in this matter includes special rules regarding minors. This article comments on the legal regulations concerning the obligations and rights of physicians, parents and their dependents in the consent process.

Materials and methods: The research material primarily involved sources of Polish law, current judgments, and practical problems. The selected method relied on the analysis of legal acts. The role of guardianship courts that can override parental authority to protect the well-being of the child, has been subjected to analysis. The article contains an interpretation of the regulations in the context of specific clinical cases, such as a life-threatening emergency, so that the physician does not become exposed to civil, criminal or disciplinary liability.

Results: Consent to medical treatment is an elementary expression of patient autonomy. A statutory representative’s refusal for health service can be articulated in any way. The law does not define if it is necessary to obtain permission from both or just one of the parents. An exception to the rule of permission for medical intervention is to direct the case to the guardianship court in order to obtain the proper permits. This decision overrides parental authority. Authorized people can also give their permission for medical intervention after the treatment (ex-post consent).

Conclusions: The unclear regulations that describe the whole procedure cause difficulties in practice for doctors. It is also uncertain where the regulations of the family and guardianship code cross over parental authority. The current juridical state creates a risk to doctors of civil, penal and disciplinary penalties.
Development dynamics of outsourcing of auxiliary activities among Polish medical entities in the years 2012–2018
Authors: Borowska Mariola , Augustynowicz Anna , Czerw Aleksandra
Published: January 2020

Introduction: In the face of insufficient resources, healthcare providers are forced to constantly analyse and evaluate the financial economy and, within the economic framework, to rationally reduce the costs of their activities. Outsourcing is one of the ways to rationalise costs in healthcare. It concerns both core and ancillary activities.

The aim of this study was to present the dynamics of outsourcing development of auxiliary activities of medical entities in Poland.

Materials and methods: Analysis was based on the results of surveys conducted in 2012, 2014, and 2018. In 2012, 153 medical entities qualified for analysis, 156 in 2014, and 750 in 2018. The number of entities using outsourcing is presented, together with an indication of the type of services covered by outsourcing, reasons for outsourcing, benefits and drawbacks that the entities have noted, including measurement of financial effectiveness of outsourcing, and monitoring of the outsourcing partner.

Results: Medical entities usually outsource waste treatment services, likely due to the difficulty for medical entities to meet the strict requirements set out in the law. The least frequently outsourced service is nutrition, which most likely results from the dissatisfaction of medical entities with the services provided by external companies.

Conclusions: Excessive cost of maintaining employees was a common justification for outsourcing. Financial efficiency is the most desirable effect and the most frequent stimulus for medical entities undertaking various types of activities, including outsourcing in the field of auxiliary activities.
The issues of the homosexual with regards to reproductive health
Authors: Licow Agnieszka
Published: January 2020

Introduction: The aim of the study was to analyze the problems of homosexual couples with regard to reproductive health, with particular emphasis on the sex and age of the subjects.

Materials and methods: The study covered a group of 100 people who described their sexual orientation as homosexual. Participation in the survey was anonymous and voluntary. The research was carried out between November 2011 and March 2012 in Poland. The research method used in this study was the diagnostic survey and the research tool employed was the survey questionnaire.

Results: In research 75% of respondents stated that homosexual orientation is an inborn characteristic; 78% of respondents had “come out” with their homosexual orientation; 84% of respondents were in favor of the legalization of partnership in Poland; 54% of respondents said they did not see any contraindications for a couple of the same sex to raise a child, and 38.8% planned to adopt a child should it be legally possible. The presence of homophobia in Polish society was confirmed by 75% of respondents.

Conclusions: Most lesbian and gay people define their sexual orientation before the age of 18. Acceptance and empathy are the most common reactions to the “coming out” of people with homosexual orientations. Homosexual people accept their sexual orientation. Lesbian and gay people are aware of sexually transmitted diseases. Homosexuals support the legalization of civil unions in Poland.
Searching for the longevity gene. Where are we heading?
Authors: Głowacka Mariola , Haor Beata , Giezek Marta , Zabielska Paulina , Wieder-Huszla Sylwia , Karakiewicz-Krawczyk Katarzyna , Barczak Katarzyna , Jurczak Anna
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Human longevity is a complex phenotype with strong genetic components. Identifying the genetic factors which influence human longevity is a formidable challenge. The centenarian model provides us with a unique opportunity to face this challenge.

The objective of the study was to diagnose the universality of applying studies on polymorphisms favouring longevity in people over 65 years of age.

Materials and methods: Crucial articles were obtained by reviewing and analysing the PUBMED (MEDLINE) database by searching for the following entries: LEP/rs7799039, LEPR/rs1137100, FOXO1a/rs4943794, CETP/rs5882, TP53/rs1042522, IL6/ rs1800795, ACSL1 rs6552828, THRH/rs7832552, IL6/rs1800795, IGF- 1R/rs2229765, IGF-IR, IRS-1, FOXO1A, PI3KCB, testosteron (IGF-1) (DHEA-S), FOXO3 (MIM 602681), APOE, HRAS1, LASS1, CETP I405 V gene, CETP/rs9923854, APOE/rs769449, IL6/rs2069827, APOC3/rs2542052, MTP/rs2866164. Article selection was based on inclusion criteria set by the authors and the appointed Advisory Board.

Results: Most of the identified gene variants are specific to a given population. Only a small group of genes consistently show up in various types of studies and in different populations. In humans, the influence of single genes on life expectancy is negligible. What gains significance is a set of genetic variants which favours longevity. There are numerous sets of such genes.

Conclusions: The development of a new generation of sequencing techniques makes it possible to comprehend the genetic and epigenetic background of aging. Many researchers believe that aging is inevitable, but to some extent modifiable. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for aging may, in turn, indicate essential avenues of health promotion and disease prevention in middle age, so that elderly people could enjoy good health. Searching for polymorphisms specifically related to longevity enables the identification of new biological pathways connected to the control of life expectancy. Further research in this field could also help in developing more effective ways of treating age-related diseases.
Urokinase of plasminogen activator (uPA) in peritoneal fluid in patients with peritonitis
Authors: Czeszak Stanisław , Moskwa-Ziętek Anna , Ziętek Zbigniew
Published: January 2020

Introduction: There is a perturbation of the natural intra-peritoneal environment in peritonitis. The significant issue for treatment outcomes of peritonitis is connected with intra-peritoneal fibrinolysis.

The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) in peritoneal fluid in patients operated for peritonitis.

Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 65 patients (28 women and 37 men) at a mean age 45 ±18 years diagnosed with peritonitis. The causes of peritoneal inflammation were acute appendicitis, acute cholecystitis, acute pancreatitis and obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract. The exclusion criterion for the study was cancer, any thrombolytic or antithrombotic therapy. The peritoneal fluid obtained during the surgical procedure was collected for study, in which the concentration of uPA was determined.

Results: In the peritoneal fluid of operated patients, uPA was found. The concentration was significantly higher than that determined in their blood plasma (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions: The presence of uPA in peritoneal fluid, the concentration of which was significantly higher than in the blood plasma, indicates that during peritonitis there are some conditions for the activation of intra-peritoneal fibrinolysis. However, further investigations are required, including other components of the fibrinolysis cascade.
Adenosine receptors as therapeutic targets for the treatment of myocardial infarction and its complications. Part II. Post-myocardial infarction heart failure and arrhythmias
Authors: Puchałowicz Kamila , Safranow Krzysztof , Rać Monika , Chlubek Dariusz , Dziedziejko Violetta
Published: January 2020

For many years, researchers have studied the cardioprotective properties of adenosine and attempted to use the compound in the treatment of myocardial infarction. Adenosine exhibits many other effects, as well, which can be helpful in treating complications of myocardial infarction. Over the last decade, the results of over a dozen studies conducted on animal models evaluating the possibility of using adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists in the prevention and treatment of chronic heart failure and arrhythmias after myocardial infarction have been published. This is particularly important in view of the increasing number of patients suffering from such complications, associated with increased survival rates among patients due to advancements in diagnosis and treatment of myocardial infarction itself. Current treatments for chronic heart failure and arrhythmias are mainly symptomatic and frequently are not satisfactorily effective. Cardiac remodeling, an important mechanism behind the pathogenesis of post-myocardial infarction heart failure and arrhythmias, is a promising therapeutic target.

This review presents current reports on the use of adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists as modulators of cardiac remodeling in post-myocardial infarction heart failure and arrhythmias.
Relationship between dry mouth, depression and systemic diseases in patients over 55 years of age from care homes and family homes
Authors: Barczak Katarzyna , Palczewska-Komsa Mirona , Wilk Aleksandra , Wiszniewska Barbara , Jurczak Anna , Zabielska Paulina , Buczkowska-Radlińska Jadwiga
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Xerostomia (dry mouth, oral dryness) is the subjective sensation of dryness in the mouth. The gradual slight decrease in the secretion of saliva is physiologically related to aging of the body. Factors that predispose patients to the occurrence of dry mouth include systemic diseases, radiotherapy, anxiety and depression.

The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between dry mouth, depression and systemic diseases in respondents living in nursing homes (NH) and family homes (FH).

Materials and methods: The study group comprised 226 respondents; 106 residents aged 55–101 years in two NH and 120 respondents living in FH. There were 110 men and 116 women. The study was based on the results of a diagnostic survey using an original questionnaire regarding general medical issues, and also the subjective feeling of dry mouth investigated with a standard Fox test. A shortened version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was used to assess the wellbeing of patients and their state/sense of depression. The data obtained from the survey were analysed using Statistica 12 software (StatSoft Poland).

Results: On the basis of the information and an analysis of the medical documentation of the NH group of patients, isolated systemic illness was found in only a limited number of patients. High blood pressure combined with heart disease was most frequently noted in NH (26.4%) and FH patients (25%). There was a significantly higher incidence of hypofunction and decreased secretion of saliva in NH patients (56.8%) than in FH patients (41.6%). No correlation between these symptoms and systemic diseases or depression was found in patients from either group.

Conclusions: There was no correlation between the symptoms of dry mouth and the diagnosed systemic diseases in respondents from either group. The residents of NH were characterized by a worse mental state than those in FH. The symptoms of dry mouth were statistically significantly more frequent in residents of NH than in residents of FH. The residents of NH exhibiting worse mental state more often complained of a dry mouth sensation, however the difference was not statistically significant.
Health behaviors and quality of life in fertile women using contraception
Authors: Błażejewska Joanna , Branecka-Woźniak Dorota , Stanisz Marta , Ciepiela Przemysław , Jurczak Anna , Wesołowska Jolanta , Kurzawa Rafał
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Early sexual initiation, the phenomenon of promiscuity, and voluntary childlessness are some reasons behind contraception use by women. Health-related behaviors determine the state of human health and are closely related to quality of life. The aim of the study was to analyze the manifestations of pro-health behaviors and to examine their impact on the quality of life in a group of fertile women using any form of contraception.

Materials and methods: Research material was collected from August 2017 to January 2018 in the West Pomeranian Voivod-ship, from 183 women of childbearing age who had been using contraception. The questionnaire consisted of a author’s part and the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Statistical analysis used descriptive and analytical methods, such as the Shapiro–Wilk test and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. A structure index containing a percentage was used. The results obtained were statistically analyzed using χ2 test for independent samples. The probability value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Among pro-health behaviors, 80.9% of the women declared that they performed some physical activity at least once a week, 76% stated that their eating habits were correct, 47% went to a gynecologist once a year, 83.6% claimed they regularly performed preventive examinations. The better the subjective assessment of health, the higher the quality of life in the psychological domain (p < 0.001). The better the nutritional habits were assessed, the better the quality of life in the environment domain (p < 0.05). Not using stimulants had a positive impact on the quality of life in the physical health domain (p < 0.05). A rise in the frequency of follow-up visits to a gynecologist led to a rise in the quality of life in social relationships and physical health domains (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: The manifestation of pro-health behaviors in women of childbearing age who use contraception has a positive influence on the quality of their lives in almost all the domains. The overriding purpose of pro-health education is to strengthen the actions of women who display healthy behaviors and, in the case of those exposed to a reduced quality of life due to unhealthy practices, conduct intervention and preventive actions while respecting the woman’s individual biopsychosocial needs.
Heart rate variability and its impact on pulmonary dysfunction in rats subjected to hemorrhagic shock
Authors: Khodadadi Fateme , Bahaoddini Aminollah , Tavassoli Alireza , Ketabchi Farzaneh
Published: January 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint from Research Square
Nd:YAG low-level laser treatment in burning mouth syndrome: a pilot study
Authors: Sun Chen , Xu Pan , Zhang Qian-Qian , Jiang Wei-Wen
Published: January 2020

Background : Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is chronic disorder characterized by pain/burning sensation in oral cavity. Nd:YAG low-level laser (LLL) has been used in the treatment of pain reduction. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of LLL verse no power placebo with Nd:YAG in the treatment of patients with BMS in pain/burning, numbness and altered taste. Methods : Forty-two patients with BMS were randomly equally assigned into LLL group and placebo group. The parameters of Nd:YAG irradiation consisted of 100mW power, 3J/cm 2 energy density, 10 Hz, pulse mode and a 1064nm wavelength emission. The placebo group used the same LLL instrument which was switched off. Each patient underwent one laser irradiation session per week for 4 weeks. Clinical assessment of subjective pain/burning, numbness and altered taste was performed using a visual analogue score (VAS) before each irradiation session and one week after last treatment. Results : All of patients (21) was showed significant decreasing of VAS value of pain/burning (ranged from 2% ~100%, mean 52%) after 4-weeks LLL treatment. The improvement of VAS value of numbness in LLL group (ranged from 23% ~100%, mean 61%) was significant from the baseline to the end of LLL treatment. Relief of altered taste was found neither in LLL group nor in placebo group. All patients completed this study and none of them reported adverse effects. Conclusions : Nd:YAG LLL (100mw, 3J/cm 2 , 10 Hz) ) was effective for reduction of pain/burning and numbness in patients with BMS.
The Change of GFAP or S100B Concentration in Serum Before and After Carotid Artery Stenting
Authors: Yuan Xiaofan , Yang Shu , Guo Lei , Wang Duozi , Huang Jie , Wang Jianhong , Guo Fuqiang
Published: January 2020

Background：This study explored the role of GFAP and S100B as cerebral biomarkers in the pre-operative evaluation and post-operative efficacy in monitoring of carotid stent implantation. Method：32 with unilateral carotid stenosis who underwent carotid artery stenting (CAS) enrolled in the CAS group. The blood samples of operation patients were collected on three different time points: T1: the day before operation; T2: 24 hours after operation; T3, 72 hours after operation. 32 who were excluded for carotid artery stenosis by Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) were selected as the control group. The blood samples of patients in control group were collected at D1 (before DSA) and D2 (24 hours after DSA). Results：(1). The serum concentrations of GFAP and S100B was higher in the CAS group before operation than those in DSA group（P<0.05）. (2). In the operation group, GFAP and S100B increased significantly on the first day after operation (T2) and decreased gradually on the third day after operation (T3) but increased compared with that before operation (T1) with statistical significance (P < 0.05). (3). For patients with symptomatic stenosis before operation, the concentrations of GFAP and S100B in serum were higher than those in patients without symptomatic stenosis (P < 0.05). Conclusions： The cerebral biochemical markers GFAP and S100B have a certain change trend after CAS, which can be used as a method to evaluate and monitor the curative effect before and after carotid artery stent implantation combined with imaging tools.
Type of physical training and selected aspects of psychological functioning of women with obesity: a randomised trial
Authors: Bąk-Sosnowska Monika , Gruszczyńska Magdalena , Skrypnik Damian , Grzegorczyn Sławomir , Karolkiewicz Joanna , Ratajczak Marzena , Mądry Edyta , Walkowiak Jarosław , Bogdański Paweł
Published: January 2020

Background: We have conducted a prospective randomised trial to check whether a specific type of regular physical training done by women with obesity is related to obtaining specific psychological benefits. Methods: Participants were patients of outpatient clinic suffering from obesity. Finally, 44 women were qualified for the study and divided into two groups: A (n=22) and B (n=22). The applied intervention consisted of regular 3-month physical exercises in the form of endurance training (group A) or endurance-strength training (group B). Initially and after the completed intervention, anthropometric measurements were carried out in each group (height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference), BMI and WHR were calculated, the level of psychological parameters was examined: stress (PSS-10), general self-esteem (SES), body self-report (BSQ–34, FRS), behaviours associated with diet (TFEQ-18). Results: At baseline, groups did not differ in age (A: M=51.3, SD=8.3 yrs.; B: M=48.2, SD=11.2 yrs.) and BMI (A: M=35.2, SD=3.9 kg/m2; B:M=34.9, SD=3.8 kg/m2). As a result of the intervention, both groups had significantly lower anthropometric parameters and FRS decreased significantly with regard to the current figure (gr. A: p<0.001; gr. B: p=0.01) and BSQ-34 result (gr. A: p=0.001; gr. B: p=0.01). Additionally, group B had lower results in TFEQ-18 in terms of cognitive restraint (p=0.01) and emotional eating (p=0.01). There were no differences between group A and B in terms of the magnitude of changes achieved due to the intervention, except from significant improvement (p=0.03) in group A in terms of perception of the current figure (FRS). Conclusions: Three-months long regular physical activity of women with obesity promotes the perception of own body as slimmer and lower body shape concerns. Endurance-strength training enhances cognitive and emotional control in the field of nutrition, it also seems more beneficial in reducing stress levels. In turn, the change in body shape is more noticed under the influence of endurance training. Trial registration: Clinical Trials NCT03444207 Keywords: obesity, physical activity, psychological aspects, body image
Genetic profiling of 2,683 Vietnamese genomes from non-invasive prenatal testing data
Authors: Tran Ngoc Hieu , Vo Thanh Binh , Nguyen Van Thong , Tran Nhat Thang , Trinh Thu-Huong Nhat , Pham Hong-Anh Thi , Dao Hong Thuy , Nguyen Ngoc Mai , Van Yen-Linh Thi , Tran Vu Uyen , Vu Hoang Giang , Bui Quynh-Tram Nguyen , Vo Phuong-Anh Ngoc , Nguyen Huu Nguyen , Nguyen Quynh-Tho Thi , Do Thanh-Thuy Thi , Ngoc Phuong Cao Thi , Truong Dinh Kiet , Nguyen Hoai-Nghia , Giang Hoa , Phan Minh Duy
Published: January 2020

Background: The under-representation of Vietnamese ethnic groups in existing genetic databases and studies have undermined our understanding of the genetic variations and associated traits or diseases in the population. Cost and technology limitations remain the challenges in performing large-scale genome sequencing projects in Vietnam and many developing countries. Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) data offers an alternative untapped resource to study genetic variations in the Vietnamese population. Results: We analyzed the low-coverage genomes of 2,683 pregnant Vietnamese women using their NIPT data and identified a comprehensive set of 8,054,515 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, among which 8.2% were new to the Vietnamese population. Our study also revealed 24,487 disease-associated genetic variants and their allele frequency distribution, especially five pathogenic variants for prevalent genetic disorders in Vietnam. We also observed major discrepancies in the allele frequency distribution of disease-associated genetic variants between the Vietnamese and other populations, thus highlighting a need for genome-wide association studies dedicated to the Vietnamese population. Conclusions: We have demonstrated a successful analysis of NIPT data to reconstruct the Vietnamese genetic profiles. This application provides a powerful yet cost-effective approach for large-scale population genetic studies.
Analysis of genome DNA methylation at inherited coat-color dilutions of Rex Rabbits
Authors: Chen Yang , Hu Shuaishuai , Liu Ming , Zhao Bohao , Yang Naisu , Li Jiali , Chen Qiuran , Zhou Juan , Bao Guolian , Wu Xinsheng
Published: January 2020

Background Dilution of color in rabbits is associated with many different genetic mechanisms that form different color groups. A number of previous studies have revealed potential regulatory mechanisms by which epigenetics regulate pigmentation. However, the genome-wide DNA methylation involved in animal coat-color dilution remains unknown.Results We compared genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in Rex rabbit hair follicles in a Chinchilla group (Ch) and a diluted Chinchilla group (DCh) through whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS). Approximately 3.5% of the cytosine sites were methylated in both groups, of which the CG methylation type was in greatest abundance. In total, we identified 126,405 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) between the two groups, corresponding to 11,459 DMR-associated genes (DMGs). Gene ontogeny (GO) and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that these DMGs were principally involved in developmental pigmentation and Wnt signaling pathways. In addition, 2 DMRs were randomly selected to verify that the WGBS data were reliable using bisulfite treatment (BSP), and 7 DMGs were analyzed to establish the relationship between the level of DNA methylation and mRNA expression using qRT-PCR.Conclusion These findings provide evidence that there is an association between inherited color dilution and DNA methylation alterations in hair follicles, greatly contributing to our understanding of the epigenetic regulation of rabbit pigmentation.
The use of nest boxes in determination of biting midges involved in transmission of Haemoproteus parasites
Authors: Žiegytė Rita , Platonova Elena , Kinderis Egidijus , Mukhin Andrey , Palinauskas Vaidas , Bernotienė Rasa
Published: January 2020

BackgroundCulicoides biting midges (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) are known to be vectors of avian Haemoproteus parasites. These parasites cause disease and pathology in birds. The diversity of biting midges in Europe is great, but only four Culicoides species are known to be vectors of avian Haemoproteus parasites. In general, our knowledge about the role of the particular Culicoides species in transmission of Haemoproteus parasites remains insufficient. Information gaps hinder a better understanding of parasite biology and the epizootiology of parasite-caused diseases. The aim of this study was to determine new ornithophilic Culicoides species potentially involved in local transmission of Haemoproteus parasites. To do this we collected biting midges in bird nest boxes, identified their species and prevalence of haemoproteids in insects as well as in juvenile birds during breeding season.Methods Biting midges were collected from bird nest boxes, identified and parous females were tested individually for the presence of haemoproteids. The blood of juvenile birds was sampled to determine a local transmission of Haemoproteus spp. in the study area. We have used both microscopy and PCR-based methods.ResultsIn all, 293 Culicoides females belonging to 11 species were collected from nest boxes. Culicoides pictipennis, Culicoides segnis and Culicoides kibunensis were determined as dominant species collected using this method. Culicoides kibunensis was found to be infected with Haemoproteus lanii (genetic lineage hRB1), C.pictipennis and Culicoides punctatus− with Haemoproteus minutus (hTUPHI01 and hTURDUS2, respectively), C.segnis− with Haemoproteus majoris (hCWT4), H.minutus (hTURDUS2) and Haemoproteus tartakovskyi (hSISKIN1). From 187 studied juvenile birds 31 were infected with H. majoris (hCWT4, hPARUS1, hPHSIB1, hWW2) and Haemoproteus sp. (hPARUS10) parasites, which are widespread in Europe.Conclusions Our results provided information about the distribution of biting midge species and determined new ornithophilic Culicoides species at the study site. This study contributes to epizootiology of avian Haemoproteus infections by specifying Culicoides species that likely are responsible for the transmission of haemoproteids in Europe. Used method is suitable for better understanding vector ecology and evaluating the role of different blood sucking insects in transmission of haemoproteids in different wild ecosystems.
Training effect on performance of mediolateral episiotomies for obstetricians and midwifes
Authors: Zhao Baihui , Chen Yuan , Xi Fangfang , Dong Tian , Pu Yuqun , Wang Yali , Luo Qiong
Published: January 2020

BackgroundTo evaluate the training effect among variant practitioners, accompany with their knowledge and accuracy of cutting a mediolateral episiotomy (MLE) before and after the training.Methods 82 participants were recruited at three different obstetric centers, included 35 obstetricians and 47 midwives. A 30 minutes training course were given to all participants by one senior obstetrician. Special paper pads simulating perineum at crowning were used to cut a MLE before and after the course, and a questionnaire about their occupation characteristics was given before the course. Parameters of the MLE were analyzed and compared between some subgroups before and after the course.Results After the course, the mean values of three parameters were significantly increased from 3.146 cm in length, 48 degrees in angle and 0.909 cm in distance to 3.429cm, 50.622degrees and 1.082cm respectively. And doctors had increased angle degrees significantly (P=0.022), while midwives had increased the length and distance significantly (p=0.001and p=0.004). Only senior participants had increased the length and distance of incisions significantly (P=0.010, P=0.020), the accuracy of these two parameters also improved significantly (P=0.020, P=0.031). In subgroups of midwives and seniors, the accuracy of the length and distance also showed significantly increased after the course.Conclusions Training course can improve the knowledge of MLE. The angle, length and distance of incisions all increased and the accuracy of the length and distance significantly improved after course, and the senior participants profited more from the training course.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Pair Check Berbasis Etnomatematika Terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa
Authors: Umam Syaiful , Wahyuni Arie , Hidayati Destia Wahyu
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya perbedaan rata-rata nilai kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa yang menggunakan model pembelajaran Pair Check berbasis Etomatematika dan rata-rata nilai kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa menggunakan model konvensional. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam peneitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian eksperimen. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMP N 2 Dawe Kudus tahun ajaran 2018/2019. Sampel yang diambil adalah kelas VIII A sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VIII B sebagai kelas kontrol. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menggunakan uji T dengan sig (0,05) didapatkan rata-rata kemampuan pemecahan masalah kelas eksperimen telah mencapai nilai ketuntasan 70 dan Rata-rata kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi dari kelas control yang menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional.

 
Pemanfaatan Metode Kalman Filter Diskrit untuk Menduga Suhu Udara
Authors: Tengger Billy Arifa , Ropiudin Ropiudin
Published: January 2020

Suhu adalah variabel fisik yang perlu diketahui secara tepat untuk penggunaan tertentu. Suhu adalah derajat panas dan dingin suatu benda. Derajat panas dan dingin ini dipengaruhi oleh enthalpi (energi) yang dimilki suatu zat. Pendugaan suhu udara dapat memberikan manfaat untuk aktivitas pada beberapa bidang, seperti: pertanian, peternakan, perikanan, kesehatan, dan kegiatan-kegiatan lainnya. Metode Kalman Filter Diskrit merupakan salah satu metode matematika yang dapat digunakan untuk menduga data di masa yang akan datang. Kalman Filter Diskrit memiliki keunggulan mampu menduga suatu kondisi berdasarkan data terbatas. Data pengukuran terbaru menjadi suatu bagian terpenting dalam algoritma Kalman Filter, karena data tersebut akan mengkoreksi data hasil pendugaan, sehingga hasil pendugaan selalu mendekati kondisi sesungguhnya. Berdasarkan hasil kajian yang telah dilakukan menggunakan metode Kalman Filter Diskrit untuk menduga suhu udara diperoleh ketepatan pendugaan nilai suhu udara di atas 95%. Pedugaan dilakukan secara harian dan bulanan. Dengan demikian Kalman Filter Diskrit mampu dan handal untuk pendugaan suhu udara secara harian, bulanan, bahkan tahunan.
Water quality performance of a permeable pavement and stormwater harvesting treatment train stormwater control measure
Authors: Winston Ryan J. , Arend Kristi , Dorsey Jay D. , Hunt William F.
Published: January 2020

Stormwater runoff from urban development causes undesired impacts to surface waters, including discharge of pollutants, erosion, and loss of habitat. A treatment train consisting of permeable interlocking concrete pavement and underground stormwater harvesting was monitored to quantify water quality improvements. The permeable pavement provided primary treatment and the cistern contributed to final polishing of total suspended solids (TSS) and turbidity concentrations (>96%) and loads (99.5% for TSS). Because of this, >40% reduction of sediment-bound nutrient forms and total nitrogen was observed. Nitrate reduction (>70%) appeared to be related to an anaerobic zone in water stored in the scarified soil beneath the permeable pavement, allowing denitrification to occur. Sequestration of copper, lead, and zinc occurred during the first 5 months of monitoring, with leaching observed during the second half of the monitoring period. This was potentially caused by a decrease in pH within the cistern or residual chloride from deicing salt causing de-sorption of metals from accumulated sediment. Pollutant loading followed the same trends as pollutant concentrations, with load reduction improved vis-à-vis concentrations because of the 27% runoff reduction provided by the treatment train. This study has shown that permeable pavement can serve as an effective pretreatment for stormwater harvesting schemes.
Role of Adiponectin in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Soumya Dakshinamurthy , Swetha Dakshinamurthy , Momin Saimila , Gowtham Racherla Rishi , Dakshinamurthy Egamurthy , Bharathi Talisetty , Sai Gopal Divi Venkata Ramana
Published: January 2020

Background:

Cervical Cancer (CC) is the most common leading cancer in women globally. This is considered
to be the type of cancer that is restricted to women. Any women in the reproductive age range can develop
CC. However, women between the ages of 25 and 39 are at a higher risk.

Objective:

In comparison with developed countries, the screening and awareness of CC in developing countries are
significantly low. Infection with Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main cause of CC, especially HPV-16 and
HPV-18. Other than HPV, there are other factors that can contribute to CC, such as Human simplex virus (HSV)
infection and immunocompromised patients with HIV.

Conclusion:

Cervical cancer can be detected by molecular techniques such as (1) PCR, (2) visual acetic acid method,
(3) DNA Hybrid II test, (4) liquid-based cytology, (5) Pap-Smear techniques, and (6) colposcopy techniques. Early
detection of CC is very much needed; cryotherapy or LEEP (Loop electro surgical excision procedure) can be conducted
during the pre-invasive stage of CC. Some metabolic changes in the human body such as fluctuating levels of
insulin and triglycerides and increased activity of adiponectin may lead to CC. These contributing factors, such as
adipokines, can be used as biomarkers for CC detection.
Novel Biologics for the Treatment of Pediatric Severe Asthma
Authors: Licari Amelia , Castagnoli Riccardo , Tondina Enrico , Testa Giorgia , Parisi Giuseppe Fabio , Marseglia Alessia , Brambilla Ilaria , Marseglia Gian Luigi
Published: January 2020

Estimated to represent less than 5% of all asthmatic patients, children with severe asthma experience troublesome persistent symptoms, life-threatening attacks and side effects by oral corticosteroid treatment, that significantly impact on the quality of life and on economic costs. An accurate understanding of the mechanisms of the disease has been crucial for the discovery and development of biological therapies, for which children with severe asthma are candidates. The aim of this review is to discuss the use of approved biologics for severe asthma, providing updated evidence of novel targeted therapies in the pediatric age range.
Efficient Synthesis and Evaluation of Ultrasonic Assisted 1, 3-oxazin-2- amines as Encouraging Agents
Authors: Thangavelu Raj Kumar , N. Srinivasan , Solleti Suresh Kumar
Published: January 2020

Aims:

1,3- Oxazine-2-amines synthesized by sonochemical method using green catalyst
lithium hydroxide monohydrate to enhance effect in reaction time when compared to traditional
methods under acoustic energy.

Background:

Hostile to microbials accept a noteworthy activity in the treatment of infections to
the individuals and at the same time, strange, medication of higher enemy of contamination changes
protections in the quality level and may turn into the purpose for the anti-microbial opposition.

Objectives:

In this assignment, an undertaking has been made to join a couple of auxiliaries of 1, 3-
oxazine-2-amines by ultrasonic irradiation with shorter reaction time also their in vitro screening
was coordinated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans.

Methods:

Five compounds were produced by under ultrasonic illumination within the use of lithium
hydroxide monohydrate (LiOH.H2O) as a catalyst, which gave the items in great yields after short response
times under mellow conditions The proposed concoction structures were affirmed by various
spectroscopic systems like FTIR, 1H NMR and Mass spectroscopy. TLC was utilized to realize that
the reactants were depleted and the development of the item happened. Sharp melting point of the
compounds concludes the purity. All the molecules assessed for in vitro antibacterial and antifungal
exercises. Antibacterial and antifungal exercises were tried utilizing the agar dispersion technique.

Results:

From the screening thinks about it was seen that a large portion of the compounds have
indicated moderate antibacterial and antifungal inhibition at 500 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL fixations
individually. The MIC of the molecules like C (Chloro), N (Nitro) demonstrated promising activity
at the conenctration of 1.6 μg/ml and F (Fluoro) – 3.12 μg/ml when appeared differently in relation
to measures like Pyrazinamide-3.125μg/ml, Ciprofloxacin 3.125μg/ml, Streptomycin-6.25μg/ml
against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Conclusion:

The results are extremely promising which on further assessments may provoke medicine
particles against different microorganisms. Especially, C, N can be considered as a far reaching
range master due to its solid development against different microorganisms like Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Candida albicans.
Análise morfométrica das bacias de captação das cachoeiras do município de Pelotas (Rio Grande do Sul - Brasil): subsídios para ações de geoconservação
Authors: Simon Adriano Luis Heck , Dutra Xavier Kelvin , Paganotto Victória Dejan , Pacheco Cassiely Da Roza
Published: January 2020

O trabalho tem como objetivo identificar e analisar as características morfométricas das bacias de captação das cachoeiras do Arco-Íris, Imigrante e Paraíso, localizadas no município de Pelotas (Brasil), visando estratégias de geoconservação e promoção dessas feições geopatrimoniais com evidente valor intrínseco e reconhecido valor turístico. A metodologia proposta abrangeu: (a) a delimitação das bacias de captação das três cachoeiras, (b) a identificação e análise da energia do relevo e de outros parâmetros morfométricos elementares e, (c) trabalhos de campo para coleta dos pontos de localização das cachoeiras e verificação dos resultados. A análise dos parâmetros morfométricos possibilitou a identificação e compreensão de potencialidades e limitações das bacias de captação que drenam para as cachoeiras, indicando áreas e condições de atuação dos processos morfogenéticos que comprometem a integridade da bacia hidrográfica e, por consequência, podem atuar na estrutura e dinâmica das cachoeiras sob pesquisa. Neste sentido, a partir destes dados, é possível realizar propostas e estratégias de geoconservação das bacias de captação, uma vez que as cachoeiras estudadas são reconhecidas enquanto geopatrimônio do município de Pelotas e precisam ser preservadas em decorrência de seus valores intrínsecos, econômicos e turísticos.
Estilos intelectuais, estratégias de aprendizagem e adaptação acadêmica no ensino superior brasileiro
Authors: Oliveira Katya Luciane de , Inácio Amanda Lays Monteiro , Silva Aline Oliveira Gomes da , Mariano Maria Luzia Silva , Franco Sandra Aparecida Pires
Published: January 2020

Objetivou-se no presente estudo investigar como se apresentam os estilos intelectuais, as estratégias de aprendizagem e a adaptação acadêmica no ensino superior, sendo buscadas possíveis correlações e relações de dependência entre essas variáveis. Participaram 396 estudantes de cursos de graduação de três estados do Brasil (M = 22,8 anos, DP = 4,9), de ambos os sexos, que responderam ao Inventário de Estilos Intelectuais/Pensamento - Revisado II (TSI-R2), à Escala de Estratégias de Aprendizagem (EEA-U) e ao Questionário de Adaptação Acadêmica do ensino Superior (QAES). Os resultados indicaram a prevalência do estilo hierárquico, das estratégias de autorregulação social, e ainda que os estudantes se encontram mais bem adaptados ao planejamento de carreira. Houve correlação positiva e significativa entre o estilo hierárquico e a adaptação ao planejamento de carreira, sendo esta de magnitude média, e entre esse mesmo estilo e as estratégias de autorregulação cognitivas e metacognitivas, de magnitude pequena. Foram encontradas relações de dependência entre o estilo hierárquico e a adaptação ao planejamento de carreira, e entre o estilo externo e a adaptação social. As implicações psicoeducacionais foram discutidas no sentido de conjecturar explicações mais profundas para as dificuldades dos estudantes do ensino superior.
A síntese como género escolar transdisciplinar
Authors: Jorge Noémia Oliveira
Published: January 2020

A síntese é um género textual cujo domínio se revela fundamental para o desempenho de tarefas socioprofissionais e académicas. A sua apropriação não é feita de forma espontânea, mas decorre essencialmente da aprendizagem formal, em contexto escolar, sobretudo no ensino secundário, nomeadamente na disciplina de Português. Neste artigo apresenta-se uma reflexão sobre a didatização do género textual síntese, focando-se o funcionamento social do género e a sua transposição didática nos programas curriculares do ensino secundário e em manuais escolares de Português. Por fim, apresentar-se-ão algumas propostas de didatização do género, assentes em três pilares: observação/análise de textos autênticos; produção textual regulada pelas características do género; reflexão metalinguística.
Problems in Expressing Arabic Language of Indonesian Students at Khartoum International Institute for Arabic Language
Authors: Firdaus Mochammad
Published: January 2020

This study was started with disclosure of issues faced by Indonesian students in Khartoum International Institute of Arabic Language. The main objective of this research revealed the ta’bir problem afflicting Indonesian students in learning classical Arabic, identifying the causes and knowing the impact of these problems in educational situations. To achieve the objective of this study, the method used by the researcher is descriptive analytical method. The results of this research are:  1) The ways which Indonesian students learned Arabic language in their institution have become instruments in improving Arabic language, 2) The impacts of the Indonesian dialects made difficulties for students in forming the Arabic dialect, 3) Environment in which treated the students outside the University affecting their ability in speaking classical Arabic, and 4) Weakness in disclosure affected students’ academic achievement. Then the researcher suggested solutions to solve those problems such as: 1) To help the students to develop their process in traditional Arabic, it is needed to the students to take the benefits from any means, as teacher teaches them by reading newspaper, magazine and scientific journal which gave them increase the outcome of their linguistics ability, 2) The commitment from the lectures of all subjects to speak in well-structured Arabic and avoid using slank is needed.
Tomás de Aquino e a questão de uma possível estética medieval
Authors: Speer Andreas
Published: January 2020

O artigo se propõe a analisar as principais tentativas filosóficas de, a partir da obra de Tomás de Aquino, encontrar-se algo como um pensamento estético autônomo na Idade Média. O autor mostra que falar em uma “estética medieval” é um anacronismo que nos desvia da verdadeira tarefa: investigar como é que aquilo que hoje chamamos de arte, em um sentido moderno, era percebido, experimentado, elaborado teoricamente e interpretado pelas pessoas daquele tempo.
Breve história de um fenômeno cultural
Authors: Vieira Vladimir
Published: January 2020

Este artigo apresenta os principais fatos relacionados à carreira de Tropa de elite, de José Padilha, o qual se tornou não apenas um dos maiores fenômenos culturais do ano de 2008, mas também um marco na história do cinema brasileiro. Dois pontos, em particular, são enfatizados: em primeiro lugar, a mobilização da questão a respeito dos direitos autorais, motivada pelas vendas de cópias ilegais que precederam seu lançamento; e em segundo lugar, a polêmica que se seguiu, impulsionada pelas acusações de que o filme se compromete com um discurso que alguns chegaram a denominar “fascista”.
Réplica
Authors: Caldas Pedro
Published: January 2020

Este texto é uma réplica ao artigo "Tropa: debate de elites", de Paulo Hamilton.
Herbert Marcuse vai a Paris, Texas
Authors: Pessoa Patrick
Published: January 2020

Este ensaio fornece uma interpretação do filme Paris, Texas, de Wim Wenders, à luz da dialética da civilização como apresentada por Herbert Marcuse em Eros e civilização: uma interpretação filosófica do pensamento de Freud. Para que a “aplicação” do pensamento de Marcuse ao filme de Wenders não soterre a obra de arte com filosofemas previamente existentes e de uso disseminado, o contato entre a imagem do cineasta e a palavra do filósofo acontece em uma via de mão dupla. Assim, se a princípio a caracterização marcuseana da dialética entre a pulsão erótica e as demandas da civilização serve para articular algumas das imagens do filme de Wenders, tentamos mostrar, no final de nosso percurso, como o filme de Wenders permite a formulação de algumas questões que tornam visível o quanto o próprio Marcuse negligenciou uma das principais contribuições de Freud para a reflexão estética: a relação essencial entre a pulsão de morte e a negatividade da arte.
O olho torto de Alexandre: Ensaio sobre o alcance de uma visão maculada
Authors: Prado Tomás
Published: January 2020

Notório personagem de Graciliano Ramos, Alexandre narra as aventuras da sua mocidade no nordeste rural. A primeira e principal delas trata do dia em que, por ocasião de ir buscar uma égua fugida, ele sofre um acidente no olho esquerdo que transforma a sua forma de ver o mundo. O universo fantástico de Alexandre coloca em suspenso as estruturas do real, oferecendo em seu lugar uma trama de aventuras da visão e da linguagem. Através de uma interpretação nietzschiana da narrativa, descobrimos como o olhar mobilizado – “solar” – vê melhor que o refalsadamente contemplativo, distante como a lua. Todo olhar é sempre comprometido. O mistério e a aventura estão no seu alcance.
Representações do belo no Quattrocento florentino: Leon Battista Alberti e Marsilio Ficino
Authors: Charbel Teixeira Felipe
Published: January 2020

O ensaio analisa duas representações do belo do Renascimento Florentino, aquelas do humanista Leon Battista Alberti e do filósofo neoplatônico Marsilio Ficino.