bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ЗНАЧАЈ ПРАВА ЖИГА ЗА РАЗВОЈ МЕЂУНАРОДНОГ ПОСЛОВНОГ ПРАВА
Authors: Дамјановић Јелена
Published: September 2018

Право жига представља једно од права које чине корпус права индустријске својине. Разлог његовог издвајања у односу на остала права индустријске својине и посебног значаја, је због способности права жига да због своје основне функције, а то је дистинктивност заправо пружа јединствену економску добит за имаоца права жига. У модерној економији имати препознатљиву ознаку чини претпоставку унапријед обезбјеђене продаје робе како на домаћем тако и међународном нивоу. Као доказ томе је повећање закључења уговора о лиценци; те повећање броја судских спорова који за предмет имају повреду права жига. Због економске добити коју пружа имаоцу право жига је често предмет „подражавања жига“, неовлашћеног коришћења жига за означавање робе исте или сличне врсте; означавање фалсификоване робе заштићеним жи-гом... Другим ријечима правна пракса доказује да активно кориш-ћење и заштита права жига пропорционално утиче на развој правне теорије међународног пословног права.
МЕРИТОРНО СУДСКО РЈЕШЕЊЕ У УПРАВНОМ СПОРУ
Authors: Јовић Роберт
Published: September 2018

Имајући у виду sui generis правну природу (судског) рјешења којим суд у случају продуженог (поновног) ћутања органа управе (тзв. ћутање управе у вези са извршењем судске пресуде у управном спору) мериторно одлучује о res administrativa у управном спору (посебна подврста спора пуне јурисдикције), овај рад има за циљ да сагледа која се то правна средства (поново) могу користити у случају потребе даљег оспоравања таквог мериторног судског рјешења, у нарави управног акта, и да ли и како судови поступају у таквим ситуацијама. Аутор ће се у овом раду користити упоредноправним методолошким приступом, анализирајући постојећа нормативна рјешења у позитивним прописима који регулишу наведену управно-процесну ситуацију у управном спору у Хрватској, Србији и Босни и Херцеговини (de lege lata). Такође, аутор ће након сагледавања постојећих нормативних рјешења, по потреби предложити неколико конкретних приједлога измјене и/или допуне законске регулативне (de lege ferenda) са циљем отклањања идентификованих недоумица или нејасноћа у погледу могућности (даљег) оспоравања мериторног судског рјешења у управном спору.
ДЕФИНИЦИЈА СИЛОВАЊА У МЕЂУНАРОДНОМ КРИВИЧНОМ ПРАВУ
Authors: Шево Оливера
Published: September 2018

Рад се бави историјским развојем инкриминације кривичног дела силовања у међународном кривичном праву. Посебан акценат у раду стављен је на одређење дефиниције кривичног дела силовања у међународном кривичном праву као основном проблему рада међународних кривичних судова када је силовање предмет оптужбе. Рад анализира релевантне одредбе статута међународних кривичних судова, као и судску праксу трибунала за бившу Југославију и Руанду у предметима за које се сматра да су битно утицали на одређење дефиниције овог кривичног дела. Посебна пажња посвећује се овој инкриминацији у Римском статуту, као једном од најважнијих извора међународног кривичног права.
НУТРИТИВНИ СТАТУС ВИСОКОМЛЕЧНИХ КРАВА: ПРОЦЕНА НА ОСНОВУ САСТАВА МЛЕКА
Authors: Кировски Д. , Шаманц Х. , Сладојевић Ж. , Продановић Р. , Вујанац И.
Published: September 2018

За испитивање је узорковано млеко добијено од сто крава 30. дана лактацијетоком јутарње и вечерње му
UTICAJ PRODUŽENE PERORALNE PRIMENE EUGENOLA NA HEMATOLOŠKE I NEKE BIOHEMIJSKE PARAMETRE KRVI KOD PACOVA
Authors: Jezdimirović Milanka , Aleksić Nevenka , Milovanović Mirjana , Stojanović Dragica , Jezdimirović Nemanja
Published: September 2018

Ispitivano je moguće hematotoksično, hepatotoksično i nefrotoksičano dejstvo eugenolakod pacova posle dvonedeljne i četvoronedeljne kontinuirane p.o. primene.Ogled je izveden na 72 mužjaka pacova soja Wistar podeljenih u šest grupa. Četirigrupe tretirane su različitim dozama eugenola (10 mg/kg tm/dan, 50 mg/kg tm/dan,200 mg/kg tm/dan i 400 mg/kg tm/dan). Peta, kontrolna grupa dobijala je vehikulum(0,5% metil-celuloza, 20% propilen-glikol i voda), a šesta je bila apsolutna, netretiranakontrola. Eugenol i vehikulum aplikovani su gastričnom sondom, svakodnevno tokomčetiri nedelje u količini od 1 ml/100 g telesne mase pacova. Krv je uzorkovanakardijalnom punkcijom anestetisanih pacova 14. i 28. dana ogleda u cilju određivanjahematoloških i biohemijskih parametara krvi: hematokrit, broj eritrocita, leukocita itrombocita, leukocitna formula, koncentracija hemoglobina, MCV, MCH, koncentracijaproteina, albumina, uree, kreatinina, kao i aktivnost alanin-aminotransferaze (ALT),alkalne fosfataze (ALP) i kreatin-kinaze (CK).Rezultati su pokazali da eugenol primenjivan tokom dve i četiri nedelje u dozamaod 10, 50, 200 i 400 mg/kg tm/dan ne ispoljava hematotoksično, hepatotoksično nitinefrotoksično dejstvo. Eugenol davan tokom četiri nedelje ne utiče značajno na brojeritrocita, koncentraciju hemoglobina, hematokrit, zapreminu eritrocita, brojleukocita i leukocitnu formulu. Primenjivan tokom dve nedelje, prouzrokuje značajnopovećanje mase hemoglobina po eritrocitu. Ovaj efekat je nespecifičan i ne zavisi nitidoze, niti od dužine tretmana. Doze eugenola od 10 i 200 mg/kg/dan primenjivanetokom četiri nedelje prouzrokuju značajno smanjenje broja trombocita, dok najvišaispitivana doza (400 mg/kg/dan) prouzrokuje značajno povećanje, u poređenju sabrojem trombocita kod pacova tretiranih dozom od 10 i 200 mg/kg/dan. Promenebroja trombocita izazvane eugenolom kvalitativno su različite i ne zavise od doze, nitiod dužine tretmana. Eugenol primenjivan tokom dve i četiri nedelje ne utiče značajnona proteinemiju, albuminemiju, koncentraciju uree i kreatinina, kao i aktivnost ALP userumu pacova.Tri ispitivane doze eugenola (10, 50 i 200 mg/kg/dan) značajno smanjuju, doknajviša doza povećava aktivnost ALT. Eugenol aplikovan tokom četiri nedelje u doziod 200 i 400 mg/kg prouzrokuje statistički značajno smanjenje aktivnosti CK.
ФАРМАКОТЕРАПИЈА ИНФЛАМАТОРНОГ И ПОСТОПЕРАТИВНОГ БОЛА КОД ЖИВОТИЊА
Authors: Миловановић М. , Јездимировић М. , Јовановић М. , Ивановић С.
Published: September 2018

У патогенези ин
PRIMENA HORMONA U INDUKCIJI I SINHRONIZACIJI ESTRUSA I OVULACIJE KOD KRAVA
Authors: Pavlović V. , Maletić M. , Vakanjac S. , Pavlović M. , Đurić M. , Magaš V.
Published: September 2018

Imajući u vidu značaj i obim stočarske proizvodnje, nameće se pitanje praćenjazdravlja i plodnosti u zapatima krava. Visoka produktivnost povlači za sobomnegativne efekte na plodnost, pa tako između proizvodnje mleka i plodnosti postoji„borba za primat”. Jedan od načina borbe za što bolju plodnost u zapatima krava jei primena hormona u manipulaciji polnim ciklusom kod krava. Cilj ove biotehnološkemere je sinhronizacija i indukcija estrusa, kao i sinhronizacija ovulacijeu određenim fazama polnog ciklusa. Na taj način omogućava se pravilno i racionalnoiskorišćavanje kapaciteta farmi i smanjuju troškovi ljudstva, postiže se boljaiskoristivost semena i efikasnije planiranje proizvodnje. Za indukciju i sinhronizacijuestrusa koriste se preparati prostaglandina i njegovih analoga kroz nekolikorazličitih protokola, dok se za sinhronizaciju preovulatornog folikularnog razvoja iindukciju ovulacije koriste preparati na bazi GnRH i progestina u kombinaciji saprostaglandinima.
НЕКИ АСПЕКТИ ЕТИОПАТОГЕНЕЗЕ ПОРЕМЕЋАЈА У ПОНАШАЊУ КРАВА У ФАРМСКИМ УСЛОВИМА ДРЖАЊА
Authors: Продановић Р. , Шаманц Х. , Кировски Д. , Вујанац И. , Сладојевић Ж.
Published: September 2018

Циљ рада био је да се утврди повезаност биохемијских параметара крви истереотипног понашања крава. Испитивање је извршено на 80 Холштајн краваподељених у четири групе: засушење, пуерперијум, рана и касна лактацијa.Процена стереотипног понашања (игра језика) извршена је посматрањем
ХИПОФУНКЦИЈА ТИРЕОИДНЕ ЖЛИЈЕЗДЕ КОД ПАСА: ПРИКАЗ СЛУЧАЈА
Authors: Параш Горан , Параш Смиљана , Вујиновић Огњен , Витковић Огњен , Лукач Бојан , Чегар Игор
Published: September 2018

У малој пракси данас, за озбиљан рад, готово је незамисливо радити без ла-бораторијских анализа. Ово потврђују бројни примјери за које је због сличностиклиничких симптома неопходна ди
A sustainable synthetic biology approach for the control of the invasive golden mussel (Limnoperna fortunei)
Authors: Rebelo Mauro F , Afonso Luana F , Americo Juliana A , da Silva Lucas , Neto José L B , Dondero Francesco , Zhang Qiaoying
Published: September 2018

The recent development of the CRISPR-Cas9-based gene drive has created the conditions to seriously consider this technology to solve one of the major environmental challenges in biodiversity conservation i.e. the control of invasive species. There is no efficient control method for golden mussel infestation available so far. Here we discuss the technical and economic feasibility of using a synthetic biology based approach to fight and control the invasive mussel Limnoperna fortunei in South American rivers and reservoirs.
Functional properties of stellate cells in medial entorhinal cortex layer II
Authors: Rowland David C , Obenhaus Horst A , Skytøen Emilie R , Zhang Qiangwei , Kentros Cliff G , Moser Edvard I , Moser May-Britt
Published: September 2018

Layer II of the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) contains two principal cell types: pyramidal cells and stellate cells. Accumulating evidence suggests that these two cell types have distinct molecular profiles, physiological properties, and connectivity. The observations hint at a fundamental functional difference between the two cell populations but conclusions have been mixed. Here, we used a tTA-based transgenic mouse line to drive expression of ArchT, an optogenetic silencer, specifically in stellate cells. We were able to optogenetically identify stellate cells and characterize their firing properties in freely moving mice. The stellate cell population included cells from a range of functional cell classes. Roughly one in four of the tagged cells were grid cells, suggesting that stellate cells contribute not only to path-integration-based representation of self-location but also have other functions. The data support observations suggesting that grid cells are not the sole determinant of place cell firing.
Interaction of guidance types and the Need for Cognitive Closure in wiki-based learning
Authors: Heimbuch Sven , Bodemer Daniel
Published: September 2018

One purpose of wikis is the collaborative generation of content. During creation processes, controversies between authors emerge that they discuss on the article’s talk page. Research suggests that controversies based on opposing points of view and contradictory evidence can be fruitful to trigger individual elaboration processes. However, previous research also showed that many wikis are not necessarily suited to identify relevant discussion contents and thus users need additional support as guidance. In an experimental laboratory study (N = 181) on wiki talk pages, we investigated two guidance measures in conjunction with the need for cognitive closure: (1) visual markers to highlight controversy status (implicit guidance) and (2) a collaboration script that directs users towards discussions (explicit guidance). Effects on wiki processes and learning outcomes were analysed. The results show that both guidance types can affect user behaviours, but in interaction with the individual Need for Cognitive Closure there were no meaningful effects. With respect to learning outcomes, we found an anticipated pattern for the interaction of the Need for Cognitive Closure with both guidance principles. The data provides support for differences in the learning success depending on the provided guidance type and the individual Need for Cognitive Closure.
Probing the interaction of a quercetin bioconjugate with Bcl‐2 in living human cancer cells with in‐cell NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Primikyri Alexandra , Sayyad Nisar , Quilici Giacomo , Vrettos Eirinaios I. , Lim Kyungeun , Chi Seung‐Wook , Musco Giovanna , Gerothanassis Ioannis P. , Tzakos Andreas G.
Published: September 2018

In‐cell NMR spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful technique for monitoring biomolecular interactions at an atomic level inside intact cells. However, current methodologies are inadequate at charting intracellular interactions of nonlabeled proteins and require their prior isotopic labeling. Herein, we describe for the first time the monitoring of the quercetin‐alanine bioconjugate interaction with the nonlabeled antiapoptotic protein Bcl‐2 inside living human cancer cells. STD and Tr‐NOESY in‐cell NMR methodologies were successfully applied in the investigation of the binding, which was further validated in vitro. In‐cell NMR proved a very promising strategy for the real‐time probing of the interaction profile of potential drugs with their therapeutic targets in native cellular environments and could, thus, open a new avenue in drug discovery.
Infrared Spectroscopy and Raman Spectroscopy of Semiconductor
Authors: Yoshikawa Masanobu
Published: September 2018

Vibrational spectroscopy is used to study a very wide range of sample types, from organic materials to inorganic materials, and can be carried out from a simple identification test to an in‐depth, full‐spectrum, qualitative, and quantitative analysis. Samples are examined either in bulk or in microscopic amounts over a wide range of temperatures and physical states such as gases, liquids, latexes, powders, films, fibers, and organic tissues. Vibrational spectroscopy has many applications, for example characterization of orientation, crystallinity, or chemical bonding structure of a molecule, and provides solution to a host of important and challenging analytical problems. Especially, infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy are complementary techniques, and both techniques are usually required to completely measure the vibrational modes of a molecule, a solid or in a solution. Although some vibrational modes may be active in both IR and Raman, both spectroscopies arise from different mechanisms and different selection rules. Generally, IR spectroscopy is the most effective at asymmetric vibrations of polar groups, whereas Raman spectroscopy is the most effective at symmetric vibrations of nonpolar groups. In this article, some applications for semiconductors, using IR and Raman spectroscopy, are introduced.
Layered Double Hydroxide‐Based Catalysts: Recent Advances in Preparation, Structure, and Applications
Authors: Xu Ming , Wei Min
Published: September 2018

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are a class of functional anionic clays, which consist of positively charged host layers (brucite‐like M(OH)6 octahedra) and interlayer anions. By virtue of their unique combination of structural features (including the tunability of both host layers and interlayer guest anion, exfoliation property, structure topological transformation, confinement effect), LDHs have many potential applications in heterogeneous catalysis—as catalysts themselves, catalyst supports, or catalyst precursors. In addition, the properties of LDH‐based catalysts can be tailored for specific purposes by facile modulation of their surface/interface defect structure (e.g., oxygen vacancy defects or metal defects), controlling the concentration/strength of surface acid/base sites, tuning the geometric/electronic structure of active sites, or by taking advantage of the confinement effect intrinsic to 2D materials. In addition, by utilizing the topological structural transformation of LDH precursors, supported metal catalysts can be obtained (as single metals, bimetallic alloys or heterostructures, and intermetallic compounds) with tunable particle size/morphology and intriguing electronic properties. The main focus of this review is on recent advances in structure design, preparation, and catalytic applications of LDH‐based heterogeneous catalysts. In addition, future challenges and development strategies are discussed from the viewpoints of modulation of intrinsic active sites and establishment of scalable fabrication processes.
SnP2O7 Covered Carbon Nanosheets as a Long‐Life and High‐Rate Anode Material for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Pan Jun , Chen Shulin , Zhang Dapeng , Xu Xuena , Sun Yuanwei , Tian Fang , Gao Peng , Yang Jian
Published: September 2018

SnP2O7 attached to reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is synthesized by a solvothermal reaction, followed by a mild annealing in Ar/H2. As an anode material for sodium‐ion batteries, this composite is associated with the conversion reaction between Sn and SnP2O7 and the alloy reaction between Sn and NaxSn, as evidenced by ex situ techniques, such as high‐resolution transmission electron microscope images, selected area electron diffraction patterns, and X‐ray diffraction patterns. The close contact between SnP2O7 and rGO facilitates the charge transfer upon cycling and benefits the preservation of SnP2O7 on rGO even after pulverization. Therefore, this composite exhibits an extraordinary cycling stability. 99% of the initial capacity is remained after 200 cycles at 0.2 A g−1 and also 99% is kept after 1000 cycles at 1.0 A g−1. The similar results are also observed in full cells. Quantitative kinetic analysis confirms that sodium storage in this composite is governed by pseudocapacitance, especially at high rates. These results indicate the promising potential of metal pyrophosphates in sodium‐ion batteries.
Aligned van der Waals Coupled Growth of Carbon Nanotubes to Hexagonal Boron Nitride
Authors: Nasseri Mohsen , Ansary Armin , Boland Mathias J. , Strachan Douglas R.
Published: September 2018

1D carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are grown on hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) surfaces. The nanotubes show clear preference to align to specific crystal directions of the hBN substrate. Raman spectra confirm that the nanotubes consist of sp2 carbon, while nanomanipulation shows that they are van der Waals coupled to the underlying hBN substrate. Scanning conductance and electric force microscopy show that the CNTs have significantly greater electrical conductance compared to the hBN. This integrated aligned growth of materials with similar lattices, yet having dissimilar dimensionality and electrical conducting properties, provides a promising route to achieving intricate nanoscale electrical circuits on high‐quality insulating substrates.
Fluorescent Hydrogel‐Coated Paper/Textile as Flexible Chemosensor for Visual and Wearable Mercury(II) Detection
Authors: Zhang Dong , Zhang Yuchong , Lu Wei , Le Xiaoxia , Li Ping , Huang Lei , Zhang Jiawei , Yang Jintao , Serpe Michael J. , Chen Daoding , Chen Tao
Published: September 2018

In some industrial districts, abuse discharge of waste water has resulted in serious Hg2+ pollution in seafood, grain, and even drinking water. In order to protect people from mercury(II)‐polluted food and water, many solid‐state fluorescent Hg2+‐sensing materials are developed in terms of facile operation. However, one primary challenging issue is the restricted sensitivity caused by hindered slow diffusion of aqueous testing samples inside these conventional hydrophobic, dense, and rigid film materials. Herein, robust hydrophilic fluorescent hydrogel‐coated flexible paper/textile film chemosensors are reported. Their design relies on a specific chemical reaction between Hg2+ and the grafted thiourea moieties to induce remarkable “green‐to‐blue” emission color change. Thanks to their hierarchical porous structures fixed by interwoven paper/textile fibers, these flexible chemosensors allow fast capillary‐force‐driven mercury(II) diffusion into the hydrophilic hydrogel matrix, thus enabling visual detection of nearly nM‐level Hg2+. On this basis, robust fluorescent hydrogel‐coated wearable sensing gloves are fabricated for the first time, which significantly facilitate infield visual detection and effectively protect operators far from the toxic Hg2+‐polluted samples. These developed flexible wearable sensing systems might not only hold great potential applications in mercury(II) detection, but also inspire the development of next‐generation sensing apparatus for other food and environmental pollutants.
Perspectives on Thermoelectricity in Layered and 2D Materials
Authors: Wu Jing , Chen Yabin , Wu Junqiao , Hippalgaonkar Kedar
Published: September 2018

Layered materials have garnered immense interest due to their unique electronic, mechanical, thermal, and optoelectronic properties. In these materials, atomically thin layers are held together by van der Waals (vdW) interactions, allowing single layers to be isolated and studied as 2D materials. New theoretical insights as well as novel experimental techniques have empowered recent developments in both thermoelectric physics and performance of 2D materials. In this Review, some of the key ideas are surveyed and open questions are discussed, laying out a vision for original discoveries in this still‐emerging field of applied physics. Here, graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, topological insulators as well as intercalated compounds are in focus. With these materials as a platform, how band structure, hydrodynamics, metal–insulator transitions, anisotropy, and surface states affect phonons and electrons and manifest in their thermoelectric properties is analyzed.
An analytical method of estimating diffusion coefficients of gases in liquids from pressure decay tests
Authors: Yang Zehao , Bryant Steven , Dong Mingzhe , Hassanzadeh Hassan
Published: September 2018

We present an exact solution of quasi‐equilibrium model, based on pressure decay technique, to measure diffusion coefficient. The results of the quasi‐equilibrium model are compared with the traditional equilibrium model and it was found that the latter is only a special case of former one. We provide new approximate solution to estimate diffusion coefficient that is more convenient to use, compared with the previously reported approaches. It also reveals that our solution is capable of taking into account greater portion of the collected pressure decay test data and is more accurate. Based on the developed solution, estimation approaches, including linear method and exponential method, are presented and applied to analyze synthetic and experimental pressure‐decay data. The quasi‐equilibrium model is also compared with the traditional equilibrium model. The results reveal that analysis of the test data using equilibrium model may introduce large error in estimation of diffusion coefficient. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 65: 434–445, 2019
Ligand‐Controlled Assembly of Heteropolyoxomolybdates from Plenary Keggin Germanomolybdates and Cu–Ln Heterometallic Units
Authors: Gong Pei‐Jun , Pang Jing‐Jing , Hu Hui‐Fen , Li Hui‐Jie , Chen Li‐Juan , Zhao Jun‐Wei
Published: September 2018

By virtue of combining an in‐situ assembly process with a stepwise synthesis in conventional aqueous solution, two series of unique organic–inorganic hybrid heteropolyoxomolybdates were constructed from plenary Keggin germanomolybdates and Cu–Ln heterometallic units and fully characterized: [H2INA]2H8[LnCu(INA)4(H2O)6]2[α‐GeMo12O40]3⋅52 H2O (Ln=La3+ (1), Ce3+ (2), Pr3+ (3), Nd3+ (4), Sm3+ (5), Eu3+ (6); HINA=isonicotinic acid) and (NH4)[Cu(PA)2][Cu(PA)2Ln(H2O)8][α‐GeMo12O40]⋅10 H2O (Ln=Nd3+ (7), Sm3+ (8), Eu3+ (9); HPA=picolinic acid). The most remarkable structural characteristic of compounds 1–6 was that their molecular units were defined by three discrete plenary Keggin [α‐GeMo12O40]4− polyoxoanions and two organic–inorganic hybrid heterometallic [LnCu(INA)4(H2O)6]+ moieties, whereas compounds 7–9 exhibited a nice‐looking 1D chain‐like structure that was built from plenary [α‐GeMo12O40]4− polyoxoanions, pendent [Cu(PA)2] complexes, and bridging {[Cu(PA)2][Ln(H2O)8]}3+ heterometallic groups. Notably, two different pyridine carboxylic acid ligands led to the discrepancy between the two structure types. To the best of our knowledge, compounds 1–9 constitute the first examples of plenary Keggin heterometallic germanomolybdates that include Cu–Ln–organic subunits. Further studies revealed that compounds 3 and 8 exhibited fast adsorption capacity for cationic dyes methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB) in water. Moreover, compounds 3 and 8 could quickly and selectively adsorb MB from a mixture of MB/methyl orange (MO) or MB/azophloxine (Apo).
Robustness‐evaluation of a stochastic dynamic system and the instant equivalent extreme‐value event
Authors: Ding Luchuan , Botte Wouter , Van Coile Ruben , Caspeele Robby
Published: September 2018

Many theoretical methods for evaluating robustness have been developed in the last decades. Especially probability‐based robustness quantification promises to provide a rational basis for decision‐making. To allow for this type of robustness evaluation, the probability of failure (or the corresponding reliability index) of the structural system in the damaged and the undamaged state has to be determined. In this paper, the Probability Density Evolution Method (PDEM) is used to evaluate the dynamic reliability, taking into account the randomness which comes both from the excitation and from the stochastic system properties. The efficiency of the PDEM for robustness quantification is evaluated through a simple cargo crane example case. In addition, the instant equivalent extreme‐value event, which is quite different from the equivalent extreme‐value event for one variable, is applied to obtain the extreme value of reaction forces for each sample at instant time.
Design for lifecycle robustness of fastening systems
Authors: Podroužek Jan , Vorel Jan , Wan‐Wendner Roman
Published: September 2018

The future requirements on faster and automated construction, improved life‐cycle performance and sustainability of infrastructure in general increasingly promote the use of fastening technology. This paper addresses the concept of lifecycle robustness by introducing an ensemble of technical and management measures, covering the entire life span from design, construction, operation and decommissioning. Although a significant research on robustness and performance indicators has been performed in related areas, such as bridges or nuclear power plants, a framework for the quantification of lifecycle robustness of fastening systems is still not available. The presented proposals are based on the synthesis of theoretical and technological progress, established engineering design approaches and communication procedures, and experimental evidence, all originating from in‐house research and industrial partners. Rather than discussing particular technical aspects, this paper focuses on the uncertainty management and hazard mitigation policies through the entire life span of the fastening systems.
Fluctuations in dissolved oxygen concentration during a CHO cell culture process affects monoclonal antibody productivity and the sulfhydryl‐drug conjugation process
Authors: Hippach Michael B. , Schwartz Ian , Pei Jian , Huynh Jimmy , Kawai Yasuaki , Zhu Marie M.
Published: September 2018

During a CHO cell culture production process, important parameters are generally well controlled by a feedback mechanism (PID loop) in order to ensure consistency in both productivity and product quality. These parameters typically include pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and temperature. While most of these parameters are very well controlled within their specific deadband, stable DO control can be challenging. Oscillations in DO concentration are not uncommon and these fluctuations can be exacerbated with an efficient mass transfer aeration strategy. In this study, where an IgG2 producing cell line was used, we observed increased lactate accumulation accompanied by decreased titer production in lots with fluctuations in DO concentration (DOF) when compared with lots with stable DO control (DOS). We demonstrate that DOF had a greater impact on performance with respect to titer production and lactate accumulation than DO setpoint. Furthermore, we report that estimated specific oxygen uptake rates (qOURs) were lower in DOF lots when compared with DOS lots. We also report that purified mAb sourced from DOF lots yielded lower drug‐to‐antibody ratio (DAR) after the sulfhydryl‐targeted maleimide conjugation process when equivalent reducing agent was used. All mAb lots were within the analytical specifications for release, though a slight increase in measureable trisulfides were observed in DOF mAb lots. DO control aimed to minimize fluctuations around DO setpoint was essential for us to produce consistent DAR without adjusting the conjugation process. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:1427–1437, 2018
Coronary fractional flow reserve derived from intravascular ultrasound imaging: Validation of a new computational method of fusion between anatomy and physiology
Authors: Bezerra Cristiano G. , Hideo‐Kajita Alexandre , Bulant Carlos A. , Maso‐Talou Gonzalo D. , Mariani Jose , Pinton Fabio A. , Falcão Breno A. A. , Esteves‐Filho Antônio , Franken Marcelo , Feijóo Raúl A. , Kalil‐Filho Roberto , Garcia‐Garcia Hector M. , Blanco Pablo J. , Lemos Pedro A.
Published: September 2018

Objectives

To evaluate the diagnostic performance of a novel computational algorithm based on three‐dimensional intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging in estimating fractional flow reserve (IVUSFR), compared to gold‐standard invasive measurements (FFRINVAS).

Background

IVUS provides accurate anatomical evaluation of the lumen and vessel wall and has been validated as a useful tool to guide percutaneous coronary intervention. However, IVUS poorly represents the functional status (i.e., flow‐related information) of the imaged vessel.

Methods

Patients with known or suspected stable coronary disease scheduled for elective cardiac catheterization underwent FFRINVAS measurement and IVUS imaging in the same procedure to evaluate intermediate lesions. A processing methodology was applied on IVUS to generate a computational mesh condensing the geometric characteristics of the vessel. Computation of IVUSFR was obtained from patient‐level morphological definition of arterial districts and from territory‐specific boundary conditions. FFRINVAS measurements were dichotomized at the 0.80 threshold to define hemodynamically significant lesions.

Results

A total of 24 patients with 34 vessels were analyzed. IVUSFR significantly correlated (r = 0.79; P < 0.001) and showed good agreement with FFRINVAS, with a mean difference of −0.008 ± 0.067 (P = 0.47). IVUSFR presented an overall accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 91%, 89%, 92%, 80%, and 96%, respectively, to detect significant stenosis.

Conclusion

The computational processing of IVUSFR is a new method that allows the evaluation of the functional significance of coronary stenosis in an accurate way, enriching the anatomical information of grayscale IVUS.
CT determined psoas muscle area predicts mortality in women undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: van Mourik Martijn S. , Janmaat Yvonne C. , van Kesteren Floortje , Vendrik Jeroen , Planken R. Nils , Henstra Marieke J. , Velu Juliëtte F. , Vlastra Wieneke , Zwinderman Aeilko H. , Koch Karel T. , de Winter Robbert J. , Wykrzykowska Joanna J. , Piek Jan J. , Henriques José P. S. , Lanting Vincent R. , Baan Jan , Latour Corine , Lindeboom Robert , Vis M. Marije
Published: September 2018

Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess the predictive value of PMA measurement for mortality.

Background

Current surgical risk stratification have limited predictive value in the transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) population. In TAVI workup, a CT scan is routinely performed but body composition is not analyzed. Psoas muscle area (PMA) reflects a patient's global muscle mass and accordingly PMA might serve as a quantifiable frailty measure.

Methods

Multi‐slice computed tomography scans (between 2010 and 2016) of 583 consecutive TAVI patients were reviewed. Patients were divided into equal sex‐specific tertiles (low, mid, and high) according to an indexed PMA. Hazard ratios (HR) and their confidence intervals (CI) were determined for cardiac and all‐cause mortality after TAVI.

Results

Low iPMA was associated with cardiac and all‐cause mortality in females. One‐year adjusted cardiac mortality HR in females for mid‐iPMA and high‐iPMA were 0.14 [95%CI, 0.05–0.45] and 0.40 [95%CI, 0.15–0.97], respectively. Similar effects were observed for 30‐day and 2‐years cardiac and all‐cause mortality. In females, adding iPMA to surgical risk scores improved the predictive value for 1‐year mortality. C‐statistics changed from 0.63 [CI = 0.54–0.73] to 0.67 [CI: 0.58–0.75] for EuroSCORE II and from 0.67 [CI: 0.59–0.77] to 0.72 [CI: 0.63–0.80] for STS‐PROM.

Conclusions

Particularly in females, low iPMA is independently associated with an higher all‐cause and cardiac mortality. Prospective studies should confirm whether PMA or other body composition parameters should be extracted automatically from CT‐scans to include in clinical decision making and outcome prediction for TAVI.
Blending studies using wheat and lentil cotyledon flour—Effects on rheology and bread quality
Authors: Portman Drew , Blanchard Chris , Maharjan Pankaj , McDonald Linda S. , Mawson John , Naiker Mani , Panozzo Joe F.
Published: September 2018

Background and objectives

Lentil (Lens Culinaris. Medik) is a highly nutritious food staple widely consumed within India subcontinent and the Mediterranean region. Although gaining popularity in western diets, wheat will continue to be a major crop as it can be used to manufacture a wide range of products. The nutritional benefits of lentils are acknowledged, particularly as a source of high protein so the incorporation of lentil flour into wheat‐based foods has the potential to improve the nutritive value of range food products. Twelve blended flours were made using different concentrations of red lentil cotyledon, wheat, and additional gluten. A blending study was undertaken to access yeast vitality, rheological properties of dough and baking characteristic of resulting bread.

Findings

High ratio blends of lentil flour had no negative effect on yeast vitality even at the highest concentration of 40%. Increasing substitution of lentil flour was highly correlated to increased protein (r = 0.98) and ash (r = 0.95) and a concomitant decrease in dough strength but not extensibility. Loaf volume and baking quality were also compromised at higher concentrations. At a concentration of 5% lentil flour, there were no deleterious effects on dough quality traits or on baking quality. The addition of bakers’ gluten 0.1 g/gram flour had a restorative effect on the rheological and baking characteristics of wheat–lentil composites at higher concentrations of up to 20%.

Conclusions

Our results show that optimal baking quality of wheat–lentil flour can be achieved using either low concentrations of up to 5% lentil flour or up to 20% lentil flour with the addition of gluten which maintained a superior loaf and crumb quality.

Significance and novelty

The protein and ash content of baked breads significantly increased when wheat was partially substituted with lentil flour. The concentration of lentil flour decreased dough strength and dough development time and decreased loaf volume while increasing crumb firmness in resulting bread. The addition of gluten improved the rheological and product quality of bread which allowed higher concentrations of lentil flour to be used in bread making. Balancing the ratio of lentil flour and gluten to optimize the rheological properties will result in a composite wheat–lentil bread with acceptable baking performance and enhanced nutritional benefits for consumers.
Grain constituents and starch characteristics influencing in vitro enzymatic starch hydrolysis in Hungarian triticale genotypes developed for food consumption
Authors: Langó Bernadett , Jaiswal Sarita , Bóna Lajos , Tömösközi Sándor , Ács Erika , Chibbar Ravindra N.
Published: September 2018

Background and objectives

Triticale is mostly used for feed but there is an increasing interest for food consumption. In cereals, major storage carbohydrate is starch, whose concentration and composition influence the end use of the grain. Therefore, grain constituents focused on starch characteristics were analyzed in 11 triticale genotypes and compared to wheat and rye.

Findings

Significant genotypic variation was detected among the analyzed parameters, in triticale. Starch concentrations (59.2%–66.1%) were similar to wheat, and amylose varied in wide range (23.9%–34.5%). The A‐type starch granules had higher volume (70.5%–81.9%) similar to rye, but the amylopectin structure was in between rye and wheat. Both grain constituents and starch properties influenced starch in vitro enzymatic hydrolysis, where the triticale average was similar to wheat in meal, but extracted starch was more like in rye.

Conclusions

The advantageous properties and genotypic variation possessed by triticale starch suggest that targeted selection can be used to improve triticale grain quality and opens up the opportunity to use triticale not just in human food but develop value‐added products.

Significance and novelty

This research provides knowledge to understand better the food‐use aspects of triticale and revealed novel information about starch characteristics and amylopectin structure in relation to starch hydrolytic properties.
Stabilizing Co4+ Ions in Ultrathin Cobalt Oxide Nanosheets for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wang Jianghao , Li Liping , Li Jing , Meng Lingshen , Xue Chenglin , Li Guangshe
Published: September 2018

Stabilizing transition metal ions with high valence states in two‐dimensional materials is a promising way to enhance electrocatalytic activity for oxygen evolution reaction, but still remains challenging. In this work, we initially report on a synthetic strategy that combines etching and ion‐exchange processes to prepare ultrathin cobalt oxide nanosheets containing Co4+ ions. The presence of Co4+ ions makes Co−O bond more covalent, which is essential for adsorption of OH−, but also reduces the charge transfer resistance. Moreover, nanosheets thus prepared provided a large number of active sites for oxygen evolution reaction. Owing to these merits, these nanosheets exhibited an apparently superior activity towards oxygen evolution reaction, delivering an anodic current density of 10 mA cm−2 at 1.57 V (vs RHE), about an order of magnitude higher than that of cobalt oxide nanosheets without Co4+ ions and bulk LiCoO2. Further, the repeated availability of the optimized nanosheets for oxygen evolution reaction is excellent: the overpotential at about 10 mA cm−2 was retained in between 340 and 346 mV after continuous cycling for 5000 cycles.
Discovery of Small Molecule WWP2 Ubiquitin Ligase Inhibitors
Authors: Watt Jessica E. , Hughes Gregory R. , Walpole Samuel , Monaco Serena , Stephenson G. Richard , Bulman Page Philip C. , Hemmings Andrew M. , Angulo Jesus , Chantry Andrew
Published: September 2018

We have screened small molecule libraries specifically for inhibitors that target WWP2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase associated with tumour outgrowth and spread. Selected hits demonstrated dose‐dependent WWP2 inhibition, low micromolar IC50 values, and inhibition of PTEN substrate‐specific ubiquitination. Binding to WWP2 was confirmed by ligand‐based NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, we used a combination of STD NMR, the recently developed DEEP‐STD NMR approach, and docking calculations, to propose for the first time an NMR‐validated 3D molecular model of a WWP2‐inhibitor complex. These first generation WWP2 inhibitors provide a molecular framework for informing organic synthetic approaches to improve activity and selectivity.
α‐Fluoroalcohols: Synthesis and Characterization of Perfluorinated Methanol, Ethanol and n‐Propanol, and their Oxonium Salts
Authors: Baxter Amanda F. , Schaab Jonas , Hegge Joachim , Saal Thomas , Vasiliu Monica , Dixon David A. , Haiges Ralf , Christe Karl O.
Published: September 2018

The thermally unstable, primary perfluoroalcohols, CF3OH, C2F5OH, and nC3F7OH, were conveniently prepared from the corresponding carbonyl compounds in anhydrous HF solution. Experimental values for the reaction enthalpies and entropies were derived from the temperature dependence of the RfCOF+HF⇄RfCF2OH (Rf=F, CF3, CF3CF2) equilibria by NMR spectroscopy. Electronic structure calculations of the gas‐phase and solution reaction energies, gas‐phase acidities and heats of formation were carried out at the G3MP2 level, showing that these compounds are strong acids. Protonation of these alcohols in HF/SbF5 produced the perfluoroalkyl oxonium salts RfCF2OH2+SbF6−.
Democratization of HPC cloud services with automated parallel solvers and application containers
Authors: Muhtaroglu Nitel , Ari Ismail , Kolcu Birkan
Published: September 2018

In this paper, we investigate several design choices for HPC services at different layers of the cloud computing architecture to simplify and broaden its use cases. We start with the platform‐as‐a‐service (PaaS) layer and compare direct and iterative parallel linear equation solvers. We observe that several matrix properties that can be identified before starting long‐running solvers can help HPC services automatically select the amount of computing resources per job, such that the job latency is minimized and the overall job throughput is maximized. As a proof of concept, we use classical problems in structural mechanics and mesh these problems with increasing granularities leading to various matrix sizes, ie, largest having 1 billion non‐zero elements. In addition to matrix size, we take into account matrix condition numbers, preconditioning effects, and solver types and execute these finite element analysis (FEA) over an IBM HPC cluster. Next, we focus on the infrastructure‐as‐a‐service (IaaS) layer and explore HPC application performance, load isolation, and deployment issues using application containers (Docker) while also comparing them to physical and virtual machines (VM) over a public cloud.
Molybdenum‐Based Co‐catalysts in Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production: Categories, Structures, and Roles
Authors: Ma Baojun , Li Dekang , Wang Xiaoyan , Lin Keying
Published: September 2018

Photocatalytic hydrogen production by using solar energy has attracted great interest around the world. The main challenges are the high costs of the photocatalysts and the low efficiency of photocatalytic hydrogen production. Co‐catalysts, as crucial components of photocatalysts, are usually used to stimulate photoexcited electron transfer from the light absorber to the surface, and they also catalyze the proton‐reduction reaction to form H2 in water. However, most co‐catalysts used in photocatalytic hydrogen production are noble metals, which are expensive and contradict the low‐costs demanded by industry. Therefore, the development of earth‐abundant and cheap co‐catalysts to replace noble metals is necessary for photocatalytic H2 production. This account highlights the performance and roles of molybdenum‐based non‐noble metal co‐catalysts in photocatalytic hydrogen production. We developed a series of inexpensive and efficient molybdenum‐based co‐catalysts. We demonstrated that more H2 could be produced by loading Mo‐based co‐catalysts on CdS by using the co‐precipitation method than by using traditional Pt/CdS same under the same photocatalytic conditions. The molybdenum‐based co‐catalysts were able to form heterojunctions, which served as bridges to facilitate the transport and separation of photogenerated charges; moreover, the molybdenum‐based co‐catalysts were able to accept and store photoexcited electrons owing to their large specific capacitance. The stored photoelectrons could then be released according to proton‐reduction processes to form H2. Furthermore, the molybdenum‐based co‐catalysts were found to have metastable state structures and multiple valence states, which provided more active sites and effectively catalyzed the production of H2 and inhibited the reverse reaction. The discovery of Mo‐based co‐catalysts with superior properties will provide guidance for the design of new co‐catalysts.
Analytical quantification, intoxication case series, and pharmacological mechanism of action for N‐ethylnorpentylone (N‐ethylpentylone or ephylone)
Authors: Costa Jose Luiz , Cunha Kelly Francisco , Lanaro Rafael , Cunha Ricardo Leal , Walther Donna , Baumann Michael H.
Published: September 2018

Synthetic cathinones continue to proliferate in clandestine drug markets worldwide. N‐ethylnorpentylone (also known as N‐ethylpentylone or ephylone) is a popular emergent cathinone, yet little information is available about its toxicology and pharmacology. Here we characterize the analytical quantification, clinical presentation, and pharmacological mechanism of action for N‐ethylnorpentylone. Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) was used to quantify N‐ethylnorpentylone in blood obtained from human cases. Clinical features exhibited by the intoxicated individuals are described. The activity of N‐ethylnorpentylone at plasma membrane transporters for dopamine (DAT), norepinephrine (NET) and 5‐HT (SERT) was assessed using in vitro assays measuring uptake inhibition and evoked release of [3H] neurotransmitters in rat brain synaptosomes. Our LC–MS/MS method assayed N‐ethylnorpentylone concentrations with limits of detection and quantification of 1 and 5 ng/mL, respectively. Quantitation was linear from 5 to 500 ng/mL, and the method displayed specificity and reproducibility. Circulating concentrations of N‐ethylnorpentylone ranged from 7 to 170 ng/mL in clinical cases, and the associated symptoms included palpitations, tachycardia, agitation, hallucinations, coma and death. N‐Ethylnorpentylone was a potent inhibitor at DAT (IC50 = 37 nM), NET (IC50 = 105 nM) and SERT (IC50 = 383 nM) but displayed no transporter releasing activity. We present a validated method for quantifying N‐ethylnorpentylone in human case work. The drug is a psychomotor stimulant capable of inducing serious cardiovascular and neurological side‐effects which can be fatal. In vitro findings indicate that N‐ethylnorpentylone exerts its effects by potent blockade of DAT and NET, thereby elevating extracellular levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain and periphery.
Developmental processes regulate craniofacial variation in disease and evolution
Authors: Merkuri Fjodor , Fish Jennifer L.
Published: September 2018

Variation in development mediates phenotypic differences observed in evolution and disease. Although the mechanisms underlying phenotypic variation are still largely unknown, recent research suggests that variation in developmental processes may play a key role. Developmental processes mediate genotype–phenotype relationships and consequently play an important role regulating phenotypes. In this review, we provide an example of how shared and interacting developmental processes may explain convergence of phenotypes in spliceosomopathies and ribosomopathies. These data also suggest a shared pathway to disease treatment. We then discuss three major mechanisms that contribute to variation in developmental processes: genetic background (gene–gene interactions), gene–environment interactions, and developmental stochasticity. Finally, we comment on evolutionary alterations to developmental processes, and the evolution of disease buffering mechanisms.