bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Κοινωνία και οικονομία στην Πελοπόννησο κατά τους βυζαντινούς χρόνους (5ος-12ος αιώνας)
Authors: Πεννα Βασιλική
Published: June 2021

L’histoire du Péloponnèse pendant l’époque byzantine se caractérise par plusieurs particularités qui continuent à préoccuper les chercheurs dans leurs efforts de déchiffrer ou compléter des sources fragmentaires, voire contradictoires, en les combinant au témoignage des vestiges archéologiques. La présente étude passe en revue les différents domaines de recherche relatifs à l’espace péloponnésien, ainsi que les transformations que connaît cet espace d’un point de vue politique, intellectuel, économique et social, du ve s. à la fin du xiie s. Nous évoquons notamment le sujet largement débattu des incursions avaro-slaves et de la pénétration slave, de l’organisation administrative et ecclésiastique de la région, des divers aspects de la vie urbaine ou rurale, des phénomènes économiques et monétaires, des activités liées au travail, ainsi que du statut social et du niveau de vie des habitants de différentes régions du Péloponnèse. Nous essayons également de faire état de l’abondante bibliographie sur le sujet, en ajoutant à l’occasion des réflexions critiques, et de mettre en évidence des phénomènes qui invitent peut-être à réexaminer la documentation historique et archéologique. La création de la Principauté franque d’Achaïe, dans la première décennie du xiiie siècle, et le développement ultérieur du Despotat de Morée, dès le début de la seconde moitié de ce siècle, constituent un autre chapitre, tout aussi complexe, de l’histoire du Péloponnèse médiéval. Pour des raisons pratiques et méthodologiques, nous n’avons pas inclus cette période dans la présente étude.
Το Άργος κατά τους πρώιμους βυζαντινούς χρόνους: Η μαρτυρία των νομισμάτων από τις ανασκαφές του Εθνικού Γυμναστηρίου
Authors: Μαλαδακησ Βαγγέλης
Published: June 2021

L’étude est consacrée aux 933 monnaies retrouvées lors des fouilles menées sur le terrain du Gymnase national d’Argos, dans les années 1980. Seules 126 pièces ont été identifiées, qui se regroupent en neuf ensembles, constitués essentiellement d’émissions d’ateliers orientaux (Thessalonique et Propontide), avec une majorité d’émissions de Justin II (52 %), suivi par Justinien Ier (34 %) et Anastase. Ces ensembles correspondent à d’autres trouvailles comparables publiées jusqu’ici, caractéristiques de la fin du vie s. apr. J.-C., et sont à mettre en relation avec l’invasion des Avaro-Slaves dans l’espace grec. De manière générale, les trouvailles de cette époque dans le Péloponnèse témoignent d’une résurgence de l’économie monétaire, tandis que l’augmentation de la thésaurisation entre 578 et 583 est le signe tangible d’une menace ennemie. En tenant compte de l’emplacement des trouvailles ici examinées et du contexte historique de l’époque, nous osons exprimer une audacieuse hypothèse de travail : il est probable qu’un corps de soldats était caserné en dehors des murs de la ville, avant de laisser derrière lui, au moment de son retrait, les monnaies qu’il utilisait au quotidien.
Enseignement de la géométrie à des élèves dyspraxiques visuospatiaux inclus en classe ordinaire
Authors: Petitfour Édith
Published: June 2021

Les méthodes d’enseignement de la géométrie plane, qui s’appuient sur des constructions instrumentées avec règle, équerre, compas, et sur une perception fine des figures, sont productrices d’échecs pour les élèves dyspraxiques visuospatiaux. À partir de nos observations en classe, lors de séances de géométrie, de dix élèves dyspraxiques visuospatiaux de CM2 et de sixième, inclus en classe ordinaire, nous présentons tout d’abord les difficultés et obstacles auxquels ils sont confrontés, et qui entravent leurs apprentissages. Nous cherchons ensuite à déterminer si le recours à un environnement numérique pourrait permettre de favoriser les apprentissages pour ces élèves. Nous analysons enfin différents types d’aides apportées à ces élèves dans différents dispositifs de travail dans l’environnement papier-crayon afin de dégager celles qui pourraient être judicieuses pour leur permettre de progresser.
Zinc Oxide-Based Pseudocapacitors with Electrospun Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride)/Poly(Ionic Liquid) Nanofibers as Solid Polymer Electrolyte
Authors: Patricio Jonathan , Atayde Jr. Eduardo C. , Budlayan Marco Laurence , Arco Susan
Published: June 2021

Due to the interesting properties of polymerized ionic liquids (PILs), studies are carried out to evaluate its performance when in composite with other synthetic polymers. Research on blend films prepared through solution casting are typically done to investigate their properties, however, electrospun fibers are of particular interest especially on technologies requiring mechanically robust and high surface area functional materials. In this work, poly (vinylidene fluoride)/poly (ionic liquid) (PVdF/PIL) nanofibers were produced through electrospinning. The PIL, poly (1-hexyl-3-vinyl imidazolium bromide), was synthesized through sonochemical solventless reaction followed by free radical polymerization. The structures of the synthesized IL and PIL were confirmed using FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Pseudocapacitor prototypes consisting of electrodeposited ZnO-based electrodes and the electrospun PVdF/PIL nanofibers as the polymer electrolyte were then fabricated at varied PIL concentrations. Contact angle measurements using sessile drop method revealed the decreasing wettability of the fibers attributed to the inherent hydrophobic nature of both the PVdF and PIL. Scanning electron micrographs also showed that increasing fiber diameters were obtained as the PIL concentration increases. In addition, cyclic voltammetry results showed that the calculated areal capacitance also increases with increasing PIL concentration. The development of pseudocapacitor assemblies utilizing ZnO-based electrodes and electrospun polymer electrolyte-separator membranes presents a better promise for the next-generation energy storage devices.
An Environmentally Friendly Recycled-Polyethylene Composite Reinforced by Diatomaceous Earth and Wood Fiber
Authors: Shih Yeng Fong , Tsai Wan Ling , Hamdiani Saprini
Published: June 2021

This study aims to develop a new wood-plastic composite (WPC) material from recycled thermoplasctics. The recycled low-density polyethylene (rLDPE) and high-density polyethylene (rHDPE) were used as matrix, whereas the diatomaceous earth waste (D) and wood fiber (WF) as filler. Recycled-LDPE and rHDPE were recovered and pelletized by a plastic recycling process. The 10-30wt.% diatomaceous earth waste was heat-treated at 200°C to remove impurities. The diatomaceous earth, maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAPE), CaCO3, slip agent, antioxidants and WF were then mixed at 160°C, for 10 minutes, at stirring speed 50 rpm to produce wood-plastic composite material. The mechanical strength and thermal properties of the composites were investigated. The composite containing D and rLDPE results in an increase the hardness of the material which is higher than that of the virgin-LDPE. The tensile and impact strengths of the composite material prepared by rLDPE and D were higher than those of the rHDPE composite material. It is found that LDPE has excellent fluidity, which is helpful for subsequent processing. In addition, the diatomaceous earth waste can be used to reduce the cost of the raw material, and the product has both effects of environmental protection and marketability.
Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Silk and Epoxy Composite Materials
Authors: Akeel Norie A. , Kumar Vinod , Zaroog Omar S.
Published: June 2021

This research Investigates the new composite materials are fabricated of two or more materials raised. The fibers material from the sources of natural recycled materials provides certain benefits above synthetic strengthening material given that very less cost, equivalent strength, less density, and the slightest discarded difficulties. In the current experiments, silk and fiber-reinforced epoxy composite material is fabricated and the mechanical properties for the composite materials are assessed. New composite materials samples with the dissimilar fiber weight ratio were made utilizing the compression Molding processes with the pressure of 150 pa at a temperature of 80 °C. All samples were exposed to the mechanical test like a tensile test, impact loading, flexural hardness, and microscopy. The performing results are the maximum stress is 33.4MPa, elastic modulus for the new composite material is 1380 MPa, and hardness value is 20.64 Hv for the material resistance to scratch, SEM analysis of the microstructure of new composite materials with different angles of layers that are more strength use in industrial applications.
Influence of Internal Mixing Condition on Properties of Conductive Biocomposites between Poly(Lactic Acid) and Hybrid Graphene
Authors: Hongsriphan Nattakarn , Thaisa Nattamon , Yuenyong Wanutchaya , Pruekchat Siriporn , Duangsripat Sorawit
Published: June 2021

The objective of this research was to investigate the influence of mixing condition on mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of the biocomposite between poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and hybrid graphene (HG). PLA/HG composites of a fixed weight ratio (95/5 wt%) was mixed using an internal mixer, which the mixing temperatures (170, 180 and 200°C) and the rotor speeds (40, 60 and 80 rpm) were varied. It was found that the increase of E' before glass transition was attributed to the reinforcing effect of the HG. The faster the rotor speed was the higher storage modulus (E') was achieved at the lowest mixing temperature. The E' did not linearly depend on the rotor speed when mixing at higher temperature. As expected, mixing HG into PLA reduced the surface electrical resistivity. The mixing at 170°C with any rotor speed and mixing at 180°C with rotor speed of 40 or 60 rpm produced the composites in the same surface electrical resistivity, however, there was no significant difference when mixing at 200°C. From DSC analysis, there was a trend that the degree of crystallinity of the PLA/HG composites prepared at the lowest mixing temperature was higher than those prepared at the relatively higher mixing temperatures.
Insertion of a Viscoelastic Layer to Reduce the Propagation of Energy by Vertical Impacts of Slamming in Planing Hull Vessels
Authors: Townsend Patrick , Suárez Juan Carlos , Pinilla Paz , Muñoz Nadia
Published: June 2021

For the design of vessels built by GFRP laminates, an insert with a viscoelastic layer is proposed to reduce the spread of damage produced by the vertical impact of the ship's bottom with the sea or slamming phenomenon. Using vertical drops-weight impact machine that reproduce the energy inferred to the panel during navigation, the propagation of the damage of OoA cured prepreg panels is studied comparing it with modified panels with insertion of viscoelastic layer. The use of acceleration data reading allows the benefits of viscoelastic modification during impact to be quantified through the developed formulation. The force, displacement and energy returned by the panel after impact have also been quantified, which does not become intralaminar and interlaminar damage. It is shown that under 40 joules of impact, the viscoelastic sheet has its best ability to return energy and above 130 joules it loses its capacity.
Effect of Mono- and Bilayer Coating of Nanofibrillated Cellulose, its Modification, and Shellac on Properties of Molded Pulps
Authors: Klayya Supattra , Chotimarnon Thawan , Tawichai Nattaya , Intatha Uraiwan , Soykeabkaew Nattakan
Published: June 2021

A molded pulp is increasingly used as eco-packaging, but it has poor water resistance. Therefore, surface coating is common to perform on pulp or paper packaging to overcome this shortcoming. In this study, the bagasse (BG) molded pulp sheets were mono-and bilayer coated with nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), modified NFC (mNFC), and shellac (S) by using a spin coating technique. Surface morphology, surface wettability, water absorption, and mechanical properties of the coated sheet samples were evaluated and compared to the uncoated sample. It was found that mNFC could effectively provide an even and complete coverage coating layer on the BG-based sheet (BG/mNFC), thanks to the partially substituted ester groups. On the contrary, NFC could not be coated evenly on the BG-based sheet surface (BG/NFC) due to its tendency towards agglomeration. The homogeneity of surface obtained from the first layer coating by NFC or mNFC affected the surface quality of the second layer coating by shellac. As a result, the BG/mNFC/S bilayer coated sample showed the smoothest surface and also the highest water resistance confirmed by SEM, contact angle measurement, and water absorption results. Furthermore, the tensile properties of both bilayer coated samples (BG/NFC/S and BG/mNFC/S) were significantly improved (p<0.05) as compared to the uncoated BG sample. This results suggested that the current bilayer coating system is very promising for advancing the performance of molded pulps in novel packaging uses.
Investigation of Different Membrane Porosities on the Permeate Flux of Direct Contact Membrane Distillation
Authors: Elrasheedy Asmaa , Rabie Mohammed , El Shazly Ahmed Hassan , Bassyouni Mohamed , El-Moneim Ahmed Abd , El Kady Marwa F.
Published: June 2021

In the present study the surface morphology of electrospun fibers at different polystyrene (PS) solution concentration was studied by SEM imaging to determine the best PS solution concentration yielding continuous uniform beadles fibers. Contact angle measurements of the optimum fabricatedPS-18 membrane confirmed the super hydrophobic property of the membrane that exhibited a static water contact angle of 145o. Numerical investigation of the performance of PS-18 membrane at different membrane thicknesses and porosities on direct contact membrane distillation showed that increasing the membrane porosity increases the permeate flux considerably.
MHC Class II Presentation Is Affected by Polymorphism in the H2-Ob Gene and Additional Loci
Authors: Cullum Emily , Graves Austin M , Tarakanova Vera L , Denzin Lisa K , Golovkina Tatyana
Published: June 2021

Pathogen-derived peptides are loaded on MHC class II (MHCII) and presented to CD4+ T cells for their activation. Peptide loading of MHCII occurs in specialized endosomal compartments and is controlled by the nonclassical MHCII molecules H2-M and H2-O, which are both constitutive αβ heterodimers. H2-M catalyzes MHCII peptide loading, whereas H2-O modulates H2-M activity by acting as an MHCII mimic. Recently, we discovered that the H2-Ob allele inherited by retrovirus-resistant I/LnJ mice results in nonfunctional H2-O. I/LnJ H2-O binds to but does not inhibit H2-M. Compared with H2-Oβ from virus-susceptible mice, H2-Oβ from I/LnJ mice has four unique amino acid substitutions, three in the Ig domain and one in the cytoplasmic tail. In this study we show that the three amino acids in the Ig domain of I/LnJ Oβ are critical for the H2-O inhibitory activity of H2-M. Unexpectedly, we found that MHCII presentation was significantly different in Ag-presenting cells from two closely related mouse strains, B6J and B6N, which carry identical alleles of MHCII, H2-O, and H2-M. Using a positional cloning approach, we have identified two loci, polymorphic between B6J and B6N, that mediate the difference in MHCII presentation. Collectively, these studies reveal extra complexity in MHCII/H2-M/H-2O interactions that likely involve yet to be identified modulators of the pathway.
USP19 Suppresses Th17-Driven Pathogenesis in Autoimmunity
Authors: Zhang Jing , Bouch Ronald J , Blekhman Maxim G , He Zhiheng
Published: June 2021

Th17 cells have emerged as a chief pathogenic cell type in murine models of autoimmunity and human autoimmune diseases. Th17 cells are markedly plastic in their pathogenic potential, as they can adopt pro- or anti-inflammatory programming under distinct conditions. The specific mechanism underlying the plasticity of Th17 pathogenesis remains elusive. In this study, we found that Th17 lineage–specific transcription factor RORγt directly bound to the promoters of genes engaged in the ubiquitination pathway and thus upregulated their expression in pathogenic Th17 cells. We observed that ubiquitination activity correlated with Th17-related pathology in the context of autoimmunity. Consistent with this finding, the deubiquitinase USP19 was shown to suppress pathogenic Th17 differentiation in vitro and Th17-mediated pathogenesis in vivo. Mechanistically, USP19 removed the K63-linked ubiquitin chain from RORγt lysine 313, which is essential for recruiting the coactivator SRC3. Collectively, our findings indicate that USP19 selectively suppresses the pathogenic potential of Th17 cells and offer novel strategies for treating autoimmune diseases.
Ayurvedic management of fibromyalgia with severe depression
Authors: Meena Ram Lakhan , Bhatted Santosh Kumar
Published: June 2021

Fibromyalgia (FM) syndrome is a musculoskeletal condition characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain with many clinical presentations. Its prevalence is estimated at around 2% in the general population. Various pharmacological interventions are of little efficacy and its prognosis is also poor. Some treatments are available to control the symptoms, but no complete cure has been documented for this syndrome. Certain Panchakarma procedures and internal Ayurvedic medicines have been proved to be beneficial in the management of FM. The present report deals with a case of FM managed by Panchakarma treatment. The Ayurvedic diagnosis of Mamsagata vata was made and Panchakarma procedures such as Abhyanga (~therapeutic massage), Bashpa swedana (~sudation), and Basti (~therapeutic enema) along with Shirodhara were done followed by internal medicines. Assessment criteria was based on the scoring of FM Impact Questionnaire. Encouraging results were found in physical signs of FM.
Physical and Biological Characteristics of Particle Therapy for Oncologists
Authors: Byun Hwa Kyung , Han Min Cheol , Yang Kyungmi , Kim Jin Sung , Yoo Gyu Sang , Koom Woong Sub , Kim Yong Bae
Published: June 2021

Particle therapy is a promising and evolving modality of radiotherapy that can be used to treat tumors that are radioresistant to conventional photon beam radiotherapy. It has unique biological and physical advantages compared with conventional radiotherapy. The characteristic feature of particle therapy is the “Bragg peak,” a steep and localized peak of dose, that enables precise delivery of the radiation dose to the tumor while effectively sparing normal organs. Especially, the charged particles (e.g., proton, helium, carbon) cause a high rate of energy loss along the track, thereby leading to high biological effectiveness, which makes particle therapy attractive. Using this property, the particle beam induces more severe DNA double-strand breaks than the photon beam, which is less influenced by the oxygen level. This review describes the general biological and physical aspects of particle therapy for oncologists, including non-radiation oncologists and beginners in the field.
TAXONOMIA E FILOGENIA DE PEIXES DE RIACHOS BRASILEIROS
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Buckup Paulo Andreas
Published: June 2021

The fish fauna occurring in Brazilian small streams comprises 36 families of teleost freshwater fishes. The systematics and phylogenetic knowledge about this fauna greatly expanded during the last two decades, but is still very heterogeneous. For some taxonomic groups there are taxonomic identification keys and well-documented phylogenetic hypotheses, while other groups are mostly comprised by poorly known species. The increase in the knowledge of Neotropical fish diversity was associated with the significant growth of hypotheses about their evolution and contributed to the understanding of the phylogenetic history of fish comunities and their structure in small streams.
AVANÇOS EM MÉTODOS DE COLETA DE PEIXES E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE HABITAT DE RIACHOS TROPICAIS
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Alves Carlos Bernardo Mascarenhas , Pompeu Paulo Santos ,   Universidade Federal de Lavras, Mazzoni Rosana ,   Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brito Marcelo Fulgêncio Guedes ,   Universidade Federal de Sergipe
Published: June 2021

This paper brings some advances in fish data sampling and stream environments. Since the publication in 1999 of volume VI “Ecology of Stream Fishes” in the former Oecologia Brasiliensis journal, today Oecologia Australis, several progresses have occurred. Several methods of collecting fish themselves, have remained the same. However, in relation to the use of electric fishing, collection of eggs and fish larvae, and characterization of physical habitats in streams, there was remarkable development and improvement. The purpose of this article is to present the “state of the art” of these three aspects of sampling fish and habitats in streams. By the end, preparation methods of samples for genetic, stable isotopes and heavy metal analyses are briefly presented
IDADE E CRESCIMENTO DE PEIXES DE RIACHO: MÉTODOS E DESAFIOS PARA A OBTENÇÃO DE ESTIMATIVAS ROBUSTAS
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Paraná, Vaz-dos-Santos André Martins , Silveira Estevan Luiz da
Published: June 2021

Age and growth are key elements on the fish population dynamics, allowing the age structure identification, age of first maturity, mortality rates and longevity calculations, among others. There are also age-based fisheries and ecological models that depends on these studies. It is a challenger field due to the intrinsic variability of growth process at individual and population levels, influenced by endogen and exogen factors. For freshwater fishes, the modal progression analysis, and the analysis of growth rings on scales are widespread applied for age and growth. Like all methods, premises and limitations exist and they must be observed. Otolith analysis is more accurate, unless difficult to stream fishes due to sample size requirements, small otolith size and rings record, specially at the Neotropical region. In this study, sample techniques, material and data acquirement and analyses are presented, focusing stream fishes. Limitations were identified in the results available in the scientific literature due to no consideration of methods premises allied to the mechanic use of software and manuals. For further studies, length frequency analysis, otolith daily rings and experiments are recommended to estimate age and growth of fishes from brooks and streams.
DIVERSIDADE FUNCIONAL DE COMUNIDADES DE PEIXES DE RIACHO
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Teresa Fabrício Barreto , Rodrigues-Filho Carlos Alberto Sousa ,   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Leitão Rafael Pereira ,   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Published: June 2021

In the last decade there was a remarkable increase in the number of studies incorporating species functional traits to quantify the diversity of communities (i.e., functional diversity). The functional approach has contributed to advances in theoretical and applied ecology. Studies developed in Brazil represent a significant portion of the world's scientific production on stream fish functional diversity. However, there is a clear bias, with most studies assessing communities' response to natural and anthropogenic environmental gradients. Other research areas such as conservation and the effect of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning are still scarce. Here we highlight the conceptual and methodological bases of the functional approach in ichthyology. We discuss key questions such as functional trait selection for stream fish, the main facets of functional diversity and indices to calculate them, general notions on functional composition, functional beta diversity and null models. We also address the state of the art of functional diversity studies in Brazil and raised the main gaps and perspectives for advancing the knowledge of stream fish functional ecology.
MACROECOLOGIA DE PEIXES DE RIACHOS BRASILEIROS
Authors:   Universidade de Brasília, Dias Murilo Sversut , Cassemiro Fernanda Aparecida da Silva ,   Universidade Federal de Goiás, Bailly Dayani ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Ribeiro Laís Salgueiro ,   Universidade de Brasília, Cossignani Edison de Freitas ,   Universidade Federal do ABC, Graça Weferson Júnio da , Frota Augusto , Vilara Gislene Torrente ,   Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Published: June 2021

Studies in Macroecology deal with patterns and processes on large scale (spatial, temporal and taxonomic) and that by definition are too comprehensive to be studied with replicated, manipulative and controlled experiments as it has been traditionally performed in Ecology. Macroecological studies are still conducted with a focus on terrestrial vertebrates and plants, while marine systems and especially freshwater systems remain little explored. The objective of this study is to highlight some advances in the fields of study of aquatic macroecology (spatial patterns of alpha and beta diversity), using fish from Brazilian streams as the object of analysis. By gathering stream fish occurrence information from large scale data sets, we found high total richness in Amazonia, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest, and found on average seven species per sampling unit, with small variation related to the identity of the analyzed biomes. Yet, species composition is distinct between biomes and we found high turnover levels within them. We will guide the reader through possible causes and mechanisms of the identified patterns.
ECOLOGIA DE PEIXES DE RIACHOS INTERMITENTES
Authors:   Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, Terra Bianca de Freitas , Medeiros Elvio Sergio Figueredo ,   Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Botero Jorge Iván Sánchez ,   Universidade Federal do Ceará, Novaes José Luis Costa ,   Universidade Federal do Semi-Árido, Rezende Carla Ferreira ,   Universidade Federal do Ceará
Published: June 2021

The ecology of fish from intermittent streams in the Brazilian semi-arid region is still little known. In the past twenty years, the number of researchers dedicated to this topic has increased considerably. However, significant gaps still exist when compared to the perennial streams of other regions of Brazil. Questions that address seasonal variations come up against the determination of capture methods and techniques that are efficient in the different phases of the hydrological cycle. In addition, techniques widely used in perennial systems, such as electrofishing, in most cases, have not been effective. Aspects related to biology, physiology, behavior, functional and taxonomic ecology of fish still need to be investigated taking into account seasonal and spatial scale variations. In view of the growing transformation imposed on the Brazilian semi-arid region by the extensive use of natural resources and by climate change, aquatic environments and their biodiversity are threatened by the transformation of riparian vegetation, the sewage release, the species introduction, the modification of its course and artificial perennialization. Thus, we will present and discuss, in this paper, the studies developed on the ecology of fish in the intermittent streams of the Brazilian semi-arid region and the gaps and challenges to be faced by future research.
ECOLOGIA DE PEIXES DE RIACHOS DE CAVERNAS E OUTROS HABITAT SUBTERRÂNEOS
Authors:   Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Bichuette Maria Elina
Published: June 2021

Brazil is rich in caves, with more than 20,000 officially registered. In addition to the caves, which develop in different types of rock, there are other subterranean habitats (hypogean) with bodies of water in the form of drainages (level base streams), outcrops of the water table (saturated zone) in flooded caves or in the form of pools and lakes within caves, in addition to upper aquifers formed by infiltration of water in the rock. In some cases, groundwater does not emerge in caves, but in alluviums close to rivers, representing a hyporeic zone. The Brazilian subterranean ichthyofauna is composed of fish restricted to caves and other subterranean habitats (generally categorized as troglobites / stygobites) or species that have well-established populations in these habitats, but which also occur in streams and bodies of water on the surface (categorized as troglophilics). Currently, there are more than 80 species of fish with troglobitic and troglophilic populations in Brazil. Some population studies show estimates of varying population sizes and densities, generally characterized by small populations; a tendency towards a sedentary lifestyle; low condition factor values and life cycle strategies tending to K within the r-K continuum. These characteristics are related to the unique abiotic conditions of these habitats, such as low, infrequent and often unpredictable supply of nutrients, which can represent an accentuated filter. In relation to conservation, subterranean fish are threatened and most of the species formally described are included in lists of threatened fauna in Brazil. Only four species have been included and evaluated globally (Stygichthys typhlops, Pimelodella kronei, Phreatobius cisternarum and Phreatobius sanguijuela).
Safe Operations at Roadway Junctions - Design Principles from Automated Guideway Transit
Authors: Lott J. Sam , Young Stanley , Zhu Lei
Published: June 2021

This paper describes a system-level view of a fully automated transit system comprising a fleet of automated vehicles (AVs) in driverless operation, each with an SAE level 4 Automated Driving System, along with its related safety infrastructure and other system equipment. This AV system-level control is compared to the automatic train control system used in automated guideway transit technology, particularly that of communications-based train control (CBTC). Drawing from the safety principles, analysis methods, and risk assessments of CBTC systems, comparable functional subsystem definitions are proposed for AV fleets in driverless operation. With the prospect of multiple AV fleets operating within a single automated mobility district, the criticality of protecting roadway junctions requires an approach like that of automated fixed-guideway transit systems, in which a guideway switch zone “interlocking” at each junction location deconflicts railway traffic, affirming safe passage. The analogous AV protection safety subsystem is defined as fail-safe equipment that monitors roadway intersections and junctions, communicates traffic signal status, perceives and communicates alerts and signals to AV connected vehicles concerning potential unsafe conditions, and performs related primary safety functions. Conclusions are drawn that the AV protection roadway intersection functions must be performed by local roadside equipment dedicated to protecting each roadway intersection and junction. Further, it is concluded that the communications technology connecting the infrastructure with the vehicle to perform this vital, fail-safe protection should meet specific functional and performance criteria.
Sheep genetic resources in Bulgaria with focus on breeds with coloured wool
Authors: Dimov Doytcho , Vuchkov Atanas
Published: June 2021

This review describes sheep genetic resources in Bulgaria with coloured wool and evaluates the country’s potential for coloured wool production. In 2018, Bulgaria counted 125,422 animals belonging to 18 native sheep breeds, six of which are in danger of extinction. Native sheep breeds in Bulgaria can be divided into three groups depending on the ﬂeece colour of the animals: i) sheep breeds with fully pigmented ﬂeece in all animals; ii) sheep breeds with animals with fully pigmented ﬂeece or fully white ﬂeece; iii) sheep breeds with spotted coloured ﬂeece. Colouration in populations of the native Bulgarian sheep breeds can be explained by the phenotypic expression of several alleles of coat colour genes: ExtensionD, Agoutia and Pigmented headT , while white colour is due to the presence of the dominant Agoutiwt allele.Based on the relative share of the animals with coloured wool, the country’s potential for annual coloured wool production from native breeds was estimated at a minimum of 133,791 kg of unwashed wool. Recent tendencies in lifestyle changes of the Bulgarian people are gradually leading to increased interest in naturally coloured wool products, which may beneﬁt the conservation of endangered native breeds by promoting relevant breeding programmes.
Marketing Structure and Opportunities of Almonds Products in Samangan and Balkh Provinces, Afghanistan
Authors: BOZ Ismet , ABDUL KHALIQ Ahmad Jawid
Published: June 2021

The objective of the study was to identify the marketing structure and opportunities of almond products in the Samangan and Balkh provinces. The primary data were obtained from questionnaires conducted by face to face interviews with the 125 small scale almond producers and 42 intermediaries, and the secondary data collected from various sources. The collected data were analyzed using parametric and nonparametric statistical methods. According to the results of the study, the average age was 45.13 years for almond farmers and 41.44 years for intermediaries. The average schooling years were 5.40 years for farmers and 9.43 years for intermediaries. While most of the farmers were elementary school graduates, the majority of the intermediaries were secondary school graduates. The strongest aspects of the almond marketing sector in the region are the experience of the farmers and their high interest in this product. The most important opportunities are the good experience of farmers, the adaptation of almonds in Balkh and Samangan, the interest of the farmer in horticulture, availability of substantial varieties of almonds, exports competitiveness of almond products of the region, and the favorable climatic conditions. The study concludes that the government and NGOs should support producers and intermediaries in developing the infrastructure of local markets. They should provide farmers with agricultural inputs at affordable prices, implement capacity building programs, inform all stakeholders on input and product prices, develop credit opportunities, and support farmers' organizations.
Modified staining protocol with Safranin O and Astra Blue for the plant histology
Authors: Novikov Andriy , Sup-Novikova Mariia
Published: June 2021

Many staining protocols are widely applied in botanical microtechniques and serve specific histological purposes. In particular, some dyes are used simultaneously to receive contrasting colorations of different chemical structures, e.g., lignin and cellulose. One of the most popular differential staining protocols is based on the Safranin O / Astra Blue dyes combination. Safranin O is a water-soluble basic dye that stains lignin in red. Astra Blue is also a water-soluble dye but having an acidic reaction, which stains cellulose in blue. Usually, a 1–2 % solution of Safranin O in distilled water or 50–70 % ethanol is applied in combination with the 0.5–1 % water solution of Astra Blue to detect lignified structures and obtain contrasting pictures convenient for the light microscopy. For a long time, Astra Blue was used exclusively with water solutions, and such recommendation without additional options is indicated on producers’ web sites. However, in 2002 it was proposed to use 1 % Astra Blue solution in 95 % ethanol to identify the lignified tissues. Later, such an ethanol solution of Astra Blue was also successfully applied by other researchers for different experimental purposes.We tested the modified staining protocol with the application of both 1 % Safranin O and Astra Blue solutions in a slightly lower concentration of ethanol (70 %) on the flower buds of Gagea lutea (Liliaceae) and found it working well. We believe that such a modified protocol with the solutions of these two dyes in 70 % ethanol allows simplifying the procedure of the plant material staining due to application of the same concentrations of dissolvent and reducing the difference in solvent concentration between two following contrasting staining solutions. Such differential staining can be effectively applied for plant histology purposes, especially where there is a need to distinguish lignified structures and secretory tissues.
The challenges of Integrating Indigenous Knowledge in the teaching of weather and climate in Geography in Manicaland province of Zimbabwe
Authors: Risiro Joshua
Published: June 2021

Scholars have acknowledged that the current education system in Zimbabwe has done very little to incorporate learners’ socio-cultural experiences. The purpose of the qualitative case study, from which this research draws its data, was to examine the views of the teachers and education officers on the challenges of integrating Indigenous Knowledge (IK) into the teaching of weather and climate. The study was conducted in secondary schools of Manicaland in Zimbabwe. It is hoped that these views from the various stakeholders can contribute to the ongoing discussions on updating the Geography curriculum (2015 – 2022) in Zimbabwe. Data was generated using interviews and focus group discussions. The study revealed numerous challenges in integrating IK into Geography in secondary schools which include the lack of written texts given the oral tradition, the training of teachers, insufficient IK experts for guidance, teachers own attitudes and beliefs, assessment challenges and urbanisation. However, I argue that these challenges should not detract from the decolonizing project of integrating IK into the Zimbabwean Geography curriculum, rather the challenges should open up avenues for further discussion on including IK in the curriculum. It is recommended that the Ministry of Education seek to address the challenges, reported on the integration of IK into the Geography curriculum, that lie within the ambit of teaching, learning and assessment.
KAJIAN SEJARAH DAN PERKEMBANGAN TEORI EFEK MEDIA
Authors: Musfialdy  , Anggraini Ine
Published: June 2021

Media is one of the important needs for the community, but the media has an effect on the community both directly and indirectly. In Media Effects Theory three paradigms are used by the media to find out the effects of these media. The first paradigm, called the powerful effects paradigm (Direct Effects Models), the media is said to have enormous power so that members of the isolated and anonymous audience of this mass audience will surrender immediately. The second paradigm is the minimalist effect or the limited effects paradigm (Limited Effects Models), the media seen in audience control over selectivity. The third paradigm of cumulative effects (Cumulative Effects Models), the community has too much potential for media in limited exposure. At present, the research on the theory of media effects has developed sufficiently to the extent of several specific sub-areas of research

Key word : Theory of media effects
Comunicación y docencia en la universidad doméstica-COVID19: ¿adaptación o reconfiguración?
Authors: Plachot González Graciela Beatriz
Published: June 2021

Los saberes de la docencia universitaria han sido un campo de discusión  inagotable. Lejos de los consensos, los docentes establecen relaciones hacia lo disciplinar, lo pedagógico, lo didáctico y lo curricular desde sus trayectos formativos. Jerarquizan acciones  sustentadas en creencias implícitas sobre qué los vuelve buenos docentes qué mejoran la enseñanza. Desarrollan así modelos donde se tejen los saberes en cada relación pedagógica. Saberes no siempre conscientes, situados en contextos singulares. Privada de la presencialidad, la virtualización forzada de las aulas universitarias irrumpió en las prácticas naturalizadas, volviendo inevitable la pregunta de ¿Qué saberes se articularon en la universidad doméstica-COVID19? A partir de un análisis documental, el ensayo pone en diálogo reflexiones y lecturas sobre el lugar del docente en estas condiciones formativas. Permite desmantelar parte de los mandatos de adaptación naturalizados y avizorar oportunidades de reconfiguración postergadas e invisibilizadas. Las conclusiones discuten sobre la comunicación verbal y no verbal del aula virtual de la emergencia. Se reposiciona el saber comunicar del docente en el qué y desde el cómo. La transformación curricular de los programas, la singularización de las herramientas didácticas y la visibilidad de lo impalpable en términos de subjetividad configuran cambios inevitables del perfil comunicacional docente.
The Voices of the New Majority of Professors: The Adjuncts Speak
Authors: Johnson B. C. , Pollino Lucia
Published: June 2021

The results of this phenomenological study reveal the attitudes of adjunct college and university professors in the U.S. toward grade inflation. The 23 participants encompassed a range of ages, experience levels, geographic areas, education levels, and races. Semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions are used to explore 23 adjunct’s lived experiences with grade inflation. Three research questions directed the study: What experiences have adjunct faculty members working in a four-year college or university had with grade inflation? How do adjunct faculty members working in a four-year college or university perceive grade inflation? How do adjunct faculty members working a four-year college or university interpret their experiences with grade inflation? Findings substantiated that adjuncts have definite ideas about how to curb grade inflation, including increased training, increased resources, and use of rubrics. We concluded these results are useful for aiding college administrators in determining what the new majority, or adjuncts, believe should change in the area of grade inflation and future researchers should do further qualitative and quantitative research on grade inflation and adjuncts. Key words: Adjunct, grades, grade inflation, higher education, new majority
EVALUATION OF TOXICITY IN SURGICAL STEEL PANS
Authors: TAVARES JOSEINA MOUTINHO , de Freitas Jorge Tadeu , de Oliveira Anderson Silva , de Souza Paulo Moutinho Andrade , Silva Junior Walter da
Published: June 2021

This research aims to verify if the water heated in a surgical steel pan has metal contents since few studies are found involving this type of pot. The results have shown that only Al levels showed levels at the limit and above the values recommended by the Ministry of Health Consolidation Ordinance 5 / XX / 2017 after 40 h of discontinuous heating. This may have been caused by the pH between 4-5 of the deionized and drinking water used for heating. It is known that most metals are soluble in the acidic medium and, therefore, Al can be transferred to food. This shows that the level of salt contamination in foods heated continuously in these pans in an acid medium will most likely be significant and harmful. Thus, the intake of food prepared continuously in these pans may develop serious illnesses in people, such as Alzheimer s and Parkinson s. since metals, including Al, are cumulative in organisms and can cause pathogenic disturbances in humans
The Role of Communication Justice and Assertive Communication in B2C Marketplace Post Recovery Satisfaction
Authors:   Universitas Indonesia, Kampus Depok, Jawa Barat, Indonesia, Tjiptoherijanto Prijono
Published: June 2021

The rapid growth of e-commerce, unfortunately, has not been supported by the improved services. Customers complaints have not been handled properly, due to the lack of non face-to-face communication. In the other hand, customers express their complaints in various ways, such as the assertive way. 317 respondents were collected as a sample of this research, who are B2C online customers in Indonesia, experienced service failure in the last 6 months, submitted a complaint and received a response. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyze. This study proved that there was a positive influence of communication justice on post-recovery satisfaction. However, assertive communication did not influence the post-recovery satisfaction. This research also proved that post-recovery satisfaction has a positive effect on online repurchase intention. This research is expected to contribute to marketing science, and practical contributions are given.
Legal Protection for Consumers as Aviation Service Users(Study of Supreme Court Decision No: 975 K/PDT/2019)
Authors:   Faculty of Law, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, RS. Fatmawati Street, South Jakarta City, 12450, Saputra Muhamad Bilal
Published: June 2021

The main problem discussed in this study is about legal protection for aviation consumers in which the airline did unlawful acts against consumers. The method used in this study uses a type of normative legal research, with a statute approach and case approach, using primary legal materials by collecting data on a library research base, then analyzed using qualitative methods. In the first and second level decisions, the judge rejected the passenger's claim because according to the judge, the lawsuit that should have been filed was a default and not unlawful acts lawsuit, while in the Supreme Court's decision, the judge granted the passenger's claim that the lawsuit was unlawful acts. In this case, the Supreme Court had properly implemented the law in accordance with the consumer protection law and the aviation law.
Assessing Land Use Efficiency to Enhance Urban Dynamics through City Development Strategy. Case Study of Damietta City - Egypt
Authors:   Kafr El-Sheikh University, Egypt, Soliman Heba , El-Refaie Mohab ,   Ain Shams University, Egypt
Published: June 2021

Were studied in this paper, from the Angle of entropy and dissipative structure, sustainable urban metabolism strategies on rapid urbanization in China's eastern coast and the Beijing and Tianjin areas, explored urban development path from the incremental urban to the flow urban and stock urban: on the one hand, with the concept of ecological again, repair damaged in urban natural environment and landscape, improve the ecological environment quality. On the other hand, with the concept of renewal and mending, urban facilities, space environment and landscape features are restored to enhance urban characteristics and vitality.
Quality Assessment of Rehabilitation Services for Cancer Patients: Experiences from a Bangladeshi Specialized Hospital
Authors: Nurjahan  , Sadia Sobhan Pinki  , Mashruba Ferdouse  , Md Fakhrul Alam  , Ismat Ara  , Md Golam Abbas
Published: June 2021

Background: Cancer, one of the most leading cause of death in the world. In Bangladesh, every year a huge number of deaths occur due to cancer. The burden of cancer can be lessened or prevented through health care services intervention and programs. In order to provide quality services, it is significant to notice by the authority whether the services are meeting the patients' demands and expectations. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the qualityof rehabilitation services for cancer patients in the National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital (NICRH), Bangladesh among the purposively selected 87 cancer patients. Data was collected by a semi-structured questionnaire blended with SERVQUAL scale through face to face interview. Results: The present study found that all the five dimensions of SERVQUAL scale for all rehabilitation service is >10 which means that all the services are availed by the respondent& Among all the socio-demographic factors, the only gender was associated with the cancer (p 0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that NICRH is the pioneer institute and fights back against cancer successfully at the national level. It is recommended to establish oncology department at the regional level hospital of Bangladesh.