bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic Diversity in the Orenburg Goat Breed Revealed by Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Analysis: Initial Steps in Saving a Threatened Population
Authors: Deniskova Tatiana E. , Dotsev Arsen V. , Abdelmanova Alexandra S. , Petrov Sergey N. , Frolov Alexey N. , Platonov Stanislav A. , Gladyr Elena A. , Gusev Igor V. , Selionova Marina I. , Rodionov Andrey N. , Lebedev Svyatoslav V. , Griffin Darren K. , Romanov Michael N. , Zinovieva Natalia A.
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Orenburg goats are renowned for their soft down that acts as a substrate for warm clothing, particularly shawls that have an international reputation. As with many local livestock breeds, however, the Orenburg is presently at risk of extinction, an issue that can be addressed by assessing population genetic diversity and, thereafter, encouraging as much outbreeding as possible. Using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based data, therefore, we analyzed the genetic diversity and population structure of modern Orenburg goats using samples collected from an expedition to Orenburg Oblast in 2024. Methods: We applied the Goat SNP50 BeadChip (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA) for the genotyping of Orenburg goats from modern and archived populations. SNP genotypes of three Orenburg populations sampled in 2017 and 2019, Altai Mountain, Altai White, and Soviet Mohair breeds, were added to the dataset. Results: Principal component analysis and network and admixture analyses demonstrated that the genetic background inherent to the archived group of Orenburg goats was maintained in all modern populations. Values of genetic diversity indicators in modern populations were compatible with those obtained in comparison groups. Runs of homozygosity (ROH) were found in all the Orenburg goat populations (with a mean ROH length of 72.6–108.9 Mb and mean ROH number of 28–36). Genomic inbreeding based on ROH was low in all the Orenburg populations (FROH = 0.03–0.045). Conclusions: We showed that the ancestral background is retained in present-day Orenburg goats sampled in 2024. We provide the genetic basis through which certain breeder animals may be selected and bred traditionally or ex situ through a conservation program of gamete preservation.
Musicians, Chariot Bearers, and Ghost Characters: The Spectrality of Black Slavery in Early Modern Mediterranean Drama
Authors: Schülting Sabine
Published: October 2024

The article discusses early modern English plays from the 1590s to the 1610s, set in or referring to the Mediterranean, which feature Black African characters in marginal roles. These characters are ‘spectral’ in that they have no speaking part but appear briefly as attendants, servants, musicians, or indeed slaves. The article argues that their spectrality evokes the presence of Black African slaves in the Mediterranean, which has often been ignored in Early Modern Studies. However, through these characters Black slavery is turned into a mere spectacle, performed for the gaze of the theatre audience in early modern London.
Experience of Labour and Childbirth in a Sample of Portuguese Women: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tavares Márcio , Alexandre-Sousa Pedro , Victória Andrea , Loureiro Susana , Santos Ana Paula , Mendes José
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Childbirth is a profoundly personal experience that often does not align with expectations. The World Health Organization has established guidelines for best practises; in this sense, it is crucial to understand the childbirth experiences of Portuguese women in comparison with these guidelines. Methods: A quantitative, descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional study was conducted to achieve this. In total, 615 women completed a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Labour and Childbirth Experience questionnaire, which comprised 39 statements based on the WHO’s recommendations. Additionally, the study utilized the Life Satisfaction Scale and gathered insights into participants’ overall perception of care during this phase. Results: The results were categorized as follows: (1) practises influencing the labour experience; (2) practises influencing the experience of vaginal birth; (3) practises affecting the experience of caesarean birth; and (4) emotional experience during labour and birth. Conclusions: Notably, the study found that practises discouraged by the WHO are still prevalent, potentially enabling obstetric violence. However, a robust and statistically significant correlation was observed between the childbirth experience and the overall perception of care.
Knowledge and Misinformation About Breast Cancer Risk Factors, Symptoms, and Prevention Among Healthy and Affected Women: A Study on 2375 Italian Participants
Authors: Conte Luana , Lupo Roberto , Lezzi Alessia , Mieli Matilde , Botti Stefano , Rubbi Ivan , Carvello Maicol , Giotta Francesco , Massafra Raffaella , Vitale Elsa , De Nunzio Giorgio
Published: October 2024

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide and remains the leading cause of death among Italian women. Despite increased breast cancer awareness and improved diagnostic techniques, mortality rates remain high globally. In Italy, despite the availability of screening programs by the National Health System (NHS) for all Italian women aged 50–69 every two years, the participation rate remains relatively low. The low uptake of screening may be attributed to a lack of general cancer knowledge among women, including awareness of risk factors, symptoms, and prevention measures. This study investigates the knowledge and misinformation in a population of Italian women regarding breast cancer risk factors, symptoms, and prevention. Methods: From March 2021 to January 2022, we conducted a survey targeting the female population in Italy, with a total of 2375 participants willingly participating in the study. To investigate factors linked to variations in attitudes toward breast cancer, the participants were categorized into two groups: the general population (Group A, n = 2235) and women who have had or currently have breast cancer (Group B, n = 140). Statistically significant differences were identified between these two groups. Results: The findings revealed considerable confusion regarding both the symptoms and causes associated with cancer, as well as prevention measures. This confusion was particularly prominent among women in the general population and those with lower levels of education. Conclusions: Given these insights, it remains crucial to promote accurate health information concerning risk factors, symptoms, and prevention strategies related to this devastating disease, emphasizing the ongoing importance of disseminating correct health information.
Evaluating Patient Participation in Clinical Trials for CLL and SLE in Germany—A Mixed-Methods Study on Enrollment Potential Based on Claims Data
Authors: Kuschel Ann-Sophie , Ernst Rianne , Beck Jan-Philipp , Borchert Kathrin , Braun Sebastian , Ruppert Thorsten , Meergans Matthias
Published: October 2024

Background: In recent years, the pharmaceutical industry in Germany has faced a significant decline in the number of clinical trials conducted. Methods: This study evaluates patient participation in clinical trials for oncology and chronic diseases in Germany, integrating quantitative and qualitative research. Data from the Institute for Applied Health Research Berlin (InGef (Institut für angewandte Gesundheitsforschung, Berlin, Germany)), covering about 88% of the German population, and expert interviews were used. Results: In 2022, 84.6% of 47,305 systemic lupus erythematosus patients (SLE) and 11.9% of 102,300 chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients (CLL) received guideline-based care based on study definitions. Eligibility for clinical trials between 2017 and 2022 was estimated for 8272 SLE and 886 CLL patients, with the actual enrolment of 21 of 2221 SLE patients and 86 of 340 CLL patients reflecting the respective potential. Conclusions: Findings indicate an unexploited potential to enroll patients with chronic diseases compared to the relatively higher enrolment rates observed for oncology diseases, such as CLL. Securing the continuation of clinical trials and utilizing the value of trial participation is of importance for strengthening Germany as an innovation hub and for ensuring that patients have timely access to medical innovations.
A C2H2-Type Zinc Finger Protein from Mentha canadensis, McZFP1, Negatively Regulates Epidermal Cell Patterning and Salt Tolerance
Authors: Zheng Xiaowei , Xu Yichuan , Li Li , Qi Xiwu , Yu Xu , Qin Chun , Liu Dongmei , Chen Zequn , Bai Yang
Published: October 2024

C2H2-type zinc finger protein (C2H2-ZFP) transcription factors play evident roles in regulating plant growth and development and abiotic stress responses. However, the role of C2H2-ZFP from Mentha canadensis remains uncertain. We identified the multifunctional C2H2-ZFP gene McZFP1 from M. canadensis based on phylogenetic analysis. The McZFP1 gene was highly expressed in stems, responding to abiotic stress and phytohormone treatments. McZFP1 localized in the nucleus and showed no transcriptional autoactivation activity in yeast. McZFP1 overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana significantly reduced the number of trichomes and root hairs, root hair length, and salt stress tolerance. Further study revealed that McZFP1 overexpression increased the expression of negative regulator genes and decreased that of positive regulator genes to inhibit plant trichome and root hair development. Malondialdehyde accumulation was promoted, but the proline content and catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase activities were reduced and the expression of stress response genes was inhibited in McZFP1 overexpression lines under salt treatment, thereby compromising plant salt tolerance. Overall, these results indicate that McZFP1 is a novel C2H2-ZFP transcription factor that plays negative roles in trichome and root hair development and salt stress tolerance.
Internalizing Pathways to Adolescent Substance Use from Adverse Childhood Experiences
Authors: Villar Michelle G. , Fava Nicole M. , Zucker Robert A. , Trucco Elisa M.
Published: October 2024

The mediating role of anxious, depressive, and somatic symptoms was examined in the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and adolescent substance use, with attention to the unique effects of each set of symptoms within the same model. Adolescents (n = 701) were assessed over time (ages 3–17) in a majority male (70.5%) and white (89.9%) sample. Findings indicate that depressive symptoms mediated the association between ACEs and adolescent cigarette and marijuana use. Although significant indirect effects remained when accounting for externalizing behavior, a novel protective pathway emerged through parent-reported youth anxiety and alcohol use. Assessing internalizing symptoms as separate facets within the same model is critical if we are to inform prevention programs that are tailored to the individual needs of youth who have experienced ACEs.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Related to Mold Remediation Following Hurricane Ida in Southeast Louisiana
Authors: Foreman Anne M. , Omari Amel , Marks Kristin J. , Troeschel Alyssa N. , Haas Emily J. , Moore Susan M. , Fechter-Leggett Ethan , Park Ju-Hyeong , Cox-Ganser Jean M. , Damon Scott A. , Soileau Shannon , Jacob Colette , Bakshi Arundhati , Reilly Anna , Aubin Kathleen , Puszykowski Kate , Chew Ginger L.
Published: October 2024

Hurricane Ida, a Category 4 hurricane, made landfall in southern Louisiana in August of 2021, causing widespread wind damage and flooding. The objective of this study was to investigate knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to post-hurricane mold exposure and cleanup among residents and workers in areas of Louisiana affected by Hurricane Ida and assess changes in knowledge, attitudes, and practices that have occurred over the past 16 years since Hurricane Katrina. We conducted in-person interviews with 238 residents and 68 mold-remediation workers in areas in and around New Orleans to ask about their mold cleanup knowledge and practices, personal protective equipment use, and risk perceptions related to mold. Knowledge of recommended safety measures increased since the post-Katrina survey but adherence to recommended safety measures did not. Many residents and some workers reported using insufficient personal protective equipment when cleaning up mold despite awareness of the potential negative health effects of mold exposure.
Interactive Simulation of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions of Airborne Disease Transmission in Office Settings
Authors: Zimmerman Thomas , Sharma Neha , Bulu Hakan , Burrowes Vanessa , Beymer David , Mukherjee Vandana
Published: October 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused major disruptions to workplace safety and productivity. A browser-based interactive disease transmission simulation was developed to enable managers and individuals (agents) to optimize safe office work activities during pandemic conditions. The application provides a user interface to evaluate the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) policies on airborne disease exposure based on agents’ meeting patterns and room properties. Exposure is empirically calibrated using CO2 as a proxy for viral aerosol dispersion. For the building studied, the major findings are that the cubicles during low occupancy produce unexpectedly high exposure, upgrading meetings to larger rooms reduces total average exposure by 44%, and when all meetings are conducted in large rooms, a 79% exposure reduction is realized.
A Case for a Maternal Culturally Tailored Smoking Cessation Research Agenda
Authors: Anderson Danyetta D. , McKnight Tracy R.
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Despite national efforts, smoking rates during pregnancy remain high among certain demographics, particularly American Indian/Alaska Native and younger women. This study examines the causal link between maternal smoking, maternal and fetal mortality, and social determinants of health, highlighting disparities faced by Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) and American Indian/Alaskan Native (AIAN) pregnant persons. Methods: Data from various sources, including national reports and committee findings, were analyzed to assess trends in maternal smoking, mortality rates, and associated factors. While smoking rates among all groups have declined, disparities persist. Young women, BIPOC, and American Indian/Alaska Native women, and those with lower educational attainment, have higher smoking rates. Black women exhibit significantly higher maternal mortality rates, often linked to cardiac/coronary conditions. Stress, exacerbated by social determinants of health like poverty and housing insecurity, emerges as a key factor driving smoking behavior, particularly among African Americans. The leading causes of pregnancy-related deaths vary by race and ethnicity, with preventability noted in 80% of cases. Perinatal exposure to cigarette smoking is also identified as a leading cause of poor infant health outcomes, emphasizing the importance of addressing smoking behavior during and after pregnancy. Results: This report advocates for a comprehensive approach to reducing maternal and fetal mortality rates, with a focus on adapting existing smoking cessation programs to adopt culturally tailored agendas in order to address social and political determinants of health as well as behavioral drivers of tobacco use among pregnant persons.
The Impact of Climate Change on the Mental Health of Populations at Disproportionate Risk of Health Impacts and Inequities: A Rapid Scoping Review of Reviews
Authors: Alarcón Garavito Germán Andrés , Toncón Chaparro Lina Fernanda , Jasim Sarah , Zanatta Francesca , Miliou Ioanna , Bampa Maria , Huebner Gesche , Keck Tara
Published: October 2024

The impacts of climate change on mental health are starting to be recognized and may be exacerbated for populations at disproportionate risk of health impacts or inequalities, including some people living in low- and middle-income countries, children, indigenous populations, and people living in rural communities, among others. Here, we conduct a rapid scoping review of reviews to summarize the research to date on climate impacts on the mental health of populations at disproportionate risk. This review highlights the direct and indirect effects of climate change, the common mental health issues that have been studied related to climate events, and the populations that have been studied to date. This review outlines key gaps in the field and important research areas going forward. These include a need for more systematic methodologies, with before-and-after comparisons or exposure/non-exposure group comparisons and consistent mental health outcome measurements that are appropriately adapted for the populations being studied. Further research is also necessary in regard to the indirect effects of climate change and the climate effects on indigenous populations and populations with other protected and intersecting characteristics. This review highlights the key research areas to date and maps the critical future research necessary to develop future interventions.
Drugs That Induce Gingival Overgrowth Drive the Pro-Inflammatory Polarization of Macrophages In Vitro
Authors: Palmieri Annalisa , Pellati Agnese , Lauritano Dorina , Lucchese Alberta , Carinci Francesco , Scapoli Luca , Martinelli Marcella
Published: October 2024

Several attempts have been made to elucidate the pathogenesis of drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO), which is triggered by the chronic use of certain drugs that fall into three main categories: anticonvulsants, immunosuppressants, and calcium channel blockers. Previous research suggests that cytokines and impaired cellular functions play a role in DIGO. Of particular interest are macrophages, immune cells that can switch between M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory) phenotypes in response to exogenous signals and stimuli. An imbalance between M1 and M2 macrophage populations may underlie DIGO. M1 may contribute to the initial tissue damage in DIGO, while M2 may then attempt to repair the damage with anti-inflammatory mechanisms. To test the hypothesis that drugs associated with DIGO could influence macrophage polarization, human monocytes (precursors of macrophages) were induced to differentiate into M0-naïve macrophages and then exposed to drugs: diphenylhydantoin, gabapentin, mycophenolate, and amlodipine. Quantitative real-time PCR amplification was used to measure the expression of specific genes associated with macrophage polarization. All of the drugs tested induced M0 macrophages to overexpress genes typical of the M1 phenotype, such as CCL5, CXCL10, and IDO1. This investigation provides the first evidence of a link between drugs that cause DIGO and M1 pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization. The knowledge gained from this research could be valuable for future DIGO treatment strategies.
Small Fiber Neuropathy in Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kouri Maria , Adamo Daniela , Vardas Emmanouil , Georgaki Maria , Canfora Federica , Mignogna Michele Davide , Nikitakis Nikolaos
Published: October 2024

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic idiopathic orofacial pain disorder, characterized by persistent burning sensations and pain without clear pathological causes. Recent research suggests that small fiber neuropathy (SFN) may play a significant role in the neuropathic pain and sensory disturbances associated with BMS. Following PRISMA guidelines, this systematic review aims to evaluate and synthesize current evidence supporting SFN’s involvement in BMS. The protocol is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024555839). The results show eight studies reported reductions in nerve fiber density in tongue biopsies (ranging from 30% to 60%), along with morphological changes indicative of small fiber damage. Additionally, an increase in TRPV1-positive, NGF-positive, and P2X3-positive fibers, overexpression of Nav1.7, and slight underexpression of Nav1.9 mRNA were observed in BMS patients. Quantitative Sensory Testing in seven studies revealed sensory abnormalities such as reduced cool detection and cold pain thresholds. Blink reflex and corneal confocal microscopy also indicated peripheral and central small fiber damage, along with increased artemin mRNA expression. The evidence strongly supports SFN as a key factor in the pathophysiology of BMS, particularly due to reductions in nerve fiber density and altered sensory thresholds. However, variability across studies highlights the need for larger, standardized research to establish causal relationships and guide therapeutic strategies.
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor Therapy in Different Scenarios of Heart Failure: An Overview of the Current Literature
Authors: Prosperi Silvia , D’Amato Andrea , Labbro Francia Aurora , Monosilio Sara , Cestiè Claudia , Marek Iannucci Stefanie , Netti Lucrezia , Angotti Danilo , Filomena Domenico , Mariani Marco Valerio , Myftari Vincenzo , Germanò Rosanna , Cimino Sara , Mancone Massimo , Badagliacca Roberto , Maestrini Viviana , Severino Paolo , Vizza Carmine Dario
Published: October 2024

Heart failure (HF) is a complex syndrome that requires tailored and patient-centered treatment. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) constitute one of the four pillars of the medical treatment of HF. However, the 2023 ESC guidelines treat HF as a single entity without making clear distinctions in phenotypes according to etiology. This creates a “gap in knowledge”, causing much debate about the applicability of these drugs in peculiar clinical settings that are etiological and/or predisposing clinical conditions for HF. Furthermore, considering the variety of etiologies and different pathophysiological backgrounds of HF, one might question whether the use of SGLT2is is equally beneficial in all types of HF and whether certain drug-related properties may be exploited in different contexts. For example, SGLT2is can improve the metabolic and inflammatory state, which is fundamental in ischemic heart disease. Anti-inflammatory power can also play a paramount role in myocarditis or cardiotoxicity, while improving the congestive state and reducing filling pressure may be even more fundamental in restrictive heart disease or advanced heart disease. This review aims to gather the evidence currently present in the literature concerning the advantages or the disadvantages of using these drugs in these particular clinical settings, with the goal being an optimized and highly personalized treatment for HF.
Deciphering the Role of Copper Homeostasis in Atherosclerosis: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Lv Xuzhen , Zhao Liyan , Song Yuting , Chen Wen , Tuo Qinhui
Published: October 2024

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death globally, with atherosclerosis (AS) playing a central role in its pathogenesis as a chronic inflammatory condition. Copper, an essential trace element in the human body, participates in various biological processes and plays a significant role in the cardiovascular system. Maintaining normal copper homeostasis is crucial for cardiovascular health, and dysregulation of copper balance is closely associated with the development of CVD. When copper homeostasis is disrupted, it can induce cell death, which has been proposed to be a novel form of “cuproptosis”, distinct from traditional programmed cell death. This new form of cell death is closely linked to the occurrence and progression of AS. This article elaborately describes the physiological mechanisms of copper homeostasis and explores its interactions with signaling pathways related to AS. Additionally, we focus on the process and mechanism of cell death induced by imbalances in copper homeostasis and summarize the relationship between copper homeostasis-related genes and AS. We also emphasize potential therapeutic approaches, such as copper balance regulators and nanotechnology interventions, to adjust copper levels in the body, providing new ideas and strategies for the prevention and treatment of CVD.
Microbial Dynamics and Pathogen Control During Fermentation of Distiller Grains: Effects of Fermentation Time on Feed Safety
Authors: Zhu Mingming , Xu Duhan , Liao Chaosheng , Zhang Tiantian , Zhou Bijun , Wang Kaigong , Li Ping , Cheng Zhentao , Chen Chao
Published: October 2024

Determining the effects of fermentation duration on the microbial ecosystem, potential pathogenic risks, and metabolite generation during the fermentation of distilled grains is essential for safeguarding the safety and enhancing the nutritional profile of animal feed. This study investigates the effect of varying fermentation times (9, 30, and 60 days) on microbial diversity, pathogenic risk, and metabolite profiles in distiller grains using 16S rDNA sequencing and LC–MS-based metabolomics. The results showed that early fermentation (9–30 days) enhanced the abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus pontis (p < 0.05), while pathogenic bacteria, like Serratia marcescens and Citrobacter freundii, were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). Metabolomic analysis revealed an increase in unsaturated fatty acids and the degradation of biogenic amines during early fermentation. However, prolonged fermentation (60 days) led to a resurgence of pathogenic bacteria and reduced the synthesis of essential metabolites. These findings suggest that fermentation duration must be optimized to balance microbial safety and nutrient quality, with 30 days being the optimal period to reduce pathogenic risks and enhance feed quality.
Interplay Between the Circadian Clock and Sirtuins
Authors: Zhuang Yan , Zhang Yantong , Liu Chao , Zhong Yingbin
Published: October 2024

The circadian clock is an autonomous timekeeping system evolved by organisms to adapt to external changes, regulating a variety of important physiological and behavioral processes. Recent studies have shown that the sirtuin family of histone deacetylases is involved in regulating the expression of clock genes and plays an important role in maintaining the normal rhythm of clock gene expression and behavior. Moreover, sirtuins are regulated directly or indirectly by the circadian clock system. The mutual regulation between the circadian clock and sirtuins is likely involved in a variety of signal transduction and metabolism processes. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms and research progress on the intertwined relationship between the circadian clock and sirtuins, mainly in mammals, highlighting sirtuins as molecular links between metabolic control and circadian rhythms and offering our perspectives on future developments in the field.
Enhanced Antitumor Efficacy of Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Therapy Through Keratin-Mediated Delivery in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Kim Hyo-Sung , Youn Yun Hee , Kim Han-Jun , Koo Young-Hyun , Lee Junho , Kwon Il Keun , Do Sun Hee
Published: October 2024

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents an aggressive subtype characterized by high rates of recurrence and metastasis, necessitating the exploration of alternative treatment strategies. Oncolytic vaccinia virus (OVV) therapy has emerged as a promising approach, selectively infecting and destroying tumor cells. However, its efficacy is often hampered by inadequate viral distribution within the tumor microenvironment. Here, we investigate the potential of keratin (KTN) as a carrier for OVV delivery to enhance viral distribution and antitumor efficacy. In vitro assays revealed that KTN significantly improves OVV stability, leading to increased tumor cell apoptosis and necrosis. Furthermore, KTN effectively inhibits cancer cell migration by suppressing the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and downregulating metastasis-related proteins. These findings are corroborated in a syngeneic TNBC mouse model, where KTN-mediated OVV delivery enhances cytotoxic T cell-mediated antitumor immune responses without compromising the anti-angiogenic effects of the virus. Notably, KTN alone exhibits antitumor effects by suppressing tumor growth and metastasis, underscoring its potential as a standalone therapeutic agent. In conclusion, our study underscores the promise of KTN-mediated OVV delivery as a promising therapeutic strategy for TNBC. By improving viral distribution, suppressing EMT, and enhancing antitumor immunity, this approach holds significant potential for enhancing patient outcomes in TNBC treatment. Further investigation is warranted to explore the broader utility of KTN in various cancer therapy approaches.
Influence of Acute Inflammation on the Expression of Clock Genes in the Ovine Pars Tuberalis Under Different Photoperiodic Conditions
Authors: Wojtulewicz Karolina , Tomczyk Monika , Wójcik Maciej , Antushevich Hanna , Bochenek Joanna , Herman Andrzej Przemysław
Published: October 2024

The pars tuberalis (PT) plays an important role in the photoperiodic regulation of the secretory activity of the pituitary gland. Additionally, PT secretory activity may be influenced by the animal’s immune status. The melatonin signal processing in PT cells occurs through the presence of melatonin receptors and the expression of molecular clock genes. This study aimed to define the effects of acute inflammation induced by intravenous administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the expression of clock genes in the PT of ewes under different photoperiodic conditions. Two analogous experiments were conducted in different photoperiods: short-day and long-day. Both experiments included 24 sheep divided into two groups: day (n = 12) and night (n = 12), further subdivided into a control group (n = 6) and a group treated with LPS (n = 6) at a dose of 400 ng/kg. Under short-day conditions, the expression of clock circadian regulator, basic helix-loop-helix ARNT like 1, cryptochrome circadian regulator (CRY) 1, 2, and casein kinase 1 epsilon genes was lower during inflammation. LPS injection increased expression of the period circadian regulator 1 gene during the night. Under long-day conditions, CRY1 mRNA level was lower during the night, while diurnal CRY2 mRNA expression was decreased after LPS injection. Our results showed that inflammation disturbed the expression of molecular clock genes in the PT; however, this influence was partly dependent on photoperiod conditions.
Longitudinal and Multi-Kingdom Gut Microbiome Alterations in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Zhang Tao , Zhao Chunyan , Li Na , He Qiuwen , Gao Guangqi , Sun Zhihong
Published: October 2024

Gut microbial dysbiosis, especially bacteriome, has been implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, nonbacterial members of the gut microbiome in AD, such as the mycobiome, archaeome, and virome, are unexplored. Here, we perform higher-resolution shotgun metagenomic sequencing on fecal samples collected longitudinally from a mouse model of AD to investigate longitudinal and multi-kingdom gut microbiome profiling. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing of fecal samples from AD mice and healthy mice returns 41,222 bacterial, 414 fungal, 1836 archaeal, and 1916 viral species across all time points. The ecological network pattern of the gut microbiome in AD mice is characterized by more complex bacterial–bacterial interactions and fungal–fungal interactions, as well as simpler archaeal–archaeal interactions and viral–viral interactions. The development of AD is accompanied by multi-kingdom shifts in the gut microbiome composition, as evidenced by the identification of 1177 differential bacterial, 84 differential fungal, 59 differential archaeal, and 10 differential viral species between healthy and AD mice across all time points. In addition, the functional potential of the gut microbiome is partially altered in the development of AD. Collectively, our findings uncover longitudinal and multi-kingdom gut microbiome alterations in AD and provide a motivation for considering microbiome-based therapeutics during the prevention and treatment of AD.
Enhancing Proton Radiosensitivity of Chondrosarcoma Using Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Approaches: A Comparative Study of High- and Low-Energy Protons
Authors: Tudor Mihaela , Popescu Roxana Cristina , Irimescu Ionela N. , Rzyanina Ann , Tarba Nicolae , Dinischiotu Anca , Craciun Liviu , Esanu Tiberiu Relu , Vasile Eugeniu , Hotnog Andrei Theodor , Radu Mihai , Mytsin Gennady , Mihailescu Mona , Savu Diana Iulia
Published: October 2024

To overcome chondrosarcoma’s (CHS) high chemo- and radioresistance, we used polyethylene glycol-encapsulated iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) for the controlled delivery of the chemotherapeutic doxorubicin (IONPDOX) to amplify the cytotoxicity of proton radiation therapy. Human 2D CHS SW1353 cells were treated with protons (linear energy transfer (LET): 1.6 and 12.6 keV/µm) with and without IONPDOX. Cell survival was assayed using a clonogenic test, and genotoxicity was tested through the formation of micronuclei (MN) and γH2AX foci, respectively. Morphology together with spectral fingerprints of nuclei were measured using enhanced dark-field microscopy (EDFM) assembled with a hyperspectral imaging (HI) module and an axial scanning fluorescence module, as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX). Cell survival was also determined in 3D SW3153 spheroids following treatment with low-LET protons with/without the IONPDOX compound. IONPDOX increased radiosensitivity following proton irradiation at both LETs in correlation with DNA damage expressed as MN or γH2AX. The IONPDOX–low-LET proton combination caused a more lethal effect compared to IONPDOX–high-LET protons. CHS cell biological alterations were reflected by the modifications in the hyperspectral images and spectral profiles, emphasizing new possible spectroscopic markers of cancer therapy effects. Our findings show that the proposed treatment combination has the potential to improve the management of CHS.
Hands-On and Virtual Laboratories in Electronic Circuits Learning—Knowledge and Skills Acquisition
Authors: Tokatlidis Christos , Tselegkaridis Sokratis , Rapti Sophia , Sapounidis Theodosios , Papakostas Dimitrios
Published: October 2024

Hands-on and virtual laboratory-based learning has been integrated into science education due to its potential positive impact on students’ knowledge and skills development. In this study, we explore the effect of the hands-on and virtual laboratories on 152 undergraduate students’ conceptual knowledge, inquiry, and measurement skills acquisition in the domain of operational amplifiers (op-amps) circuit learning. Students were divided into two groups and performed individually three experimental exercises involving basic op-amps electronic circuits: students in the Hands-On group performed the exercises in a physical laboratory environment, while students in the Virtual group performed the exercises in a virtual environment with TINA-TI (v9) software. Pre-post tests were used to quantify student performance progress stemming from their laboratory-type activities. Based on our findings, knowledge was developed the most, followed by inquiry skills, and finally, skills related to measuring electronic current quantities in a circuit, F(2,456) = 44.183, p = 0.000. Additionally, an ANCOVA analysis comparing the means of the three exercises revealed that the group participating in hands-on activities outperformed the group engaged in virtual activities, F(1,152) = 9.039, p = 0.003. Finally, we recommend designing a curriculum that focuses on both cognitive growth and skills development in the domain of op-amps.
New Records and New Species of Dacnusini (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Alysiinae) Based on Morphological and Molecular Evidence
Authors: Zhu Jiachen , van Achterberg Cornelis , Chen Xuexin , Tang Pu
Published: October 2024

Dacnusini is a species-rich tribe in the subfamily Alysiinae, with most species exclusively serving as parasitoids of leaf-mining Diptera (Agromyzidae). The number of genera discovered in China remains limited, which is apparently insufficient considering the global diversity of species and genera within this tribe, particularly given the vast and ecologically diverse landscapes of China. In the present study, three new record genera, Victorovita Tobias, Coloneura Foerster, and Laotris Nixon, were documented for the first time in China. In addition, the species delimitation approach and haplotype network analyses based on the COI sequences, combined with morphological evidence, were employed to delimit species. The findings indicated three new species: Laotris glabella sp. nov., Laotris aethidentata sp. nov., and Victorovita aequalis sp. nov. Additionally, K2P divergences showed no overlap between intra- and interspecific genetic distances in the Laotris and Victorovita species. Detailed descriptions for new species and keys to the species of Laotris and Victorovita are provided in this paper, along with the documentation of two new species records for China: Victorovita caudata (Szépligeti, 1901) and Coloneura stylata Foerster, 1863.
Chitin Deacetylase 1 Gene as an Optimal RNAi-Based Target for Controlling the Tomato Leaf Miner Tuta absoluta
Authors: Zhou Yangfan , Zhang Yu , Xu Kangkang , Liu Ruiyu , Liu Wenbiao , Ma Hang , Yang Wenjia
Published: October 2024

Chitin is a critical component of both the exoskeleton and internal structures of insects, which can protect insects from mechanical damage, dehydration and pathogen infection, and plays a significant role in the molting process. Chitin deacetylases (CDAs), key enzymes involved in chitin metabolism, are widely distributed among arthropods and microorganisms. In this study, we identified a CDA gene, TaCDA1, in the invasive insect species Tuta absoluta (Meyrick). Sequence analysis demonstrated a high degree of similarity to CDAs in other insects, revealing the presence of three conserved domains. Quantitative analysis showed that the TaCDA1 gene exhibited peak expression during the pupal stage, particularly within the epidermis. The suppression of TaCDA1 expression through RNA interference in T. absoluta pupae significantly impacted the expression of genes associated with chitin metabolism, increasing mortality and developmental abnormalities during the pupa–adult transition and reducing the pupal weight. Furthermore, soaking gene-specific dsRNA resulted in elevated mortality rates during the larva–pupa transition, causing the inability to form new cuticles or undergo ecdysis, as confirmed by subsequent histological observations. The oral administration of dsTaCDA1 + sucrose solution did not significantly impact NtCDA1 expression or the mortality rate compared to the dsGFP + sucrose solution control in the non-target insect Nesidiocoris tenuis. This study demonstrated that TaCDA1 is a potential and safe target for pest control of T. absoluta.
Reaction of Wood Ants to a Large-Scale European Spruce Bark Beetle Outbreak in Temperate Forests
Authors: Sondej Izabela , Domisch Timo
Published: October 2024

In the Białowieża Forest, Norway spruce is the preferred host tree species for wood ants, both in coniferous and mixed stands; thus, spruce mortality as a consequence of a continuous spruce bark beetle outbreak in the Białowieża Forest since 2012 could have severe consequences for wood ant colonies, as well as their vitality and distribution. The main aim of this study was to assess whether the bark beetle outbreak had any effects on wood ant nest density and abundance and whether we could find any factors affecting the dead spruce distribution around ant nests. A re-inventory of active and abandoned wood ant nests in our study area was conducted from April to July 2022, using the same procedure as the previous inventory performed in 2016. The wood ant nest density was 0.11 per ha and remained practically the same relative to that determined in 2016. Our results indicate that, despite the importance of spruce for wood ants, in situations when only part of the spruce trees die, natural forest disturbances such as bark beetle outbreaks can actually have positive effects because more light can reach the forest floor, thereby promoting the establishment of new nests.
The Atrioventricular Conduction Axis in Man and Mouse
Authors: Sánchez-Quintana Damián , Macías Yolanda , Nevado-Medina Jorge , Spicer Diane , Anderson Robert
Published: October 2024

Those using the mouse for the purposes of electrophysiological research presume that the morphology of the conduction axis is comparable with the human arrangement. As yet, however, to the best of our knowledge, no direct comparison has been made between the species. By comparing our extensive histological findings in the human heart with comparable serially-sectioned datasets prepared from adult murine hearts, we aimed to provide this information. When comparing the gross anatomy, we used three-dimensional datasets of neonatal mice hearts prepared using episcopic microscopy. The overall cardiac architecture is comparable, although the mouse has a persistent left superior caval vein draining via the coronary sinus. An inferior pyramidal space and an infero-septal recess are both present in the murine heart, although they are not as well developed as in the human heart. The overall arrangement of the conduction axis is similarly comparable, albeit with subtle differences reflecting the incomplete wedging of the subaortic outflow tract in the murine heart. Most significantly, the findings in both species reveal the presence of extensive superior septal pathways, which perhaps explain the finding of base-to-apex activation of the ventricular mass known to occur in the murine heart.
Comparison Between Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty on Short-Term Performance-Based Outcomes and Factors Associated with the Improvement of Gait Function During Post-Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation
Authors: Kawaguchi Kenichi , Kuwakado So , Otsuka Hiroshi , Sakugawa Akemi , Takahashi Masanori , Oda Taiji , Motomura Goro , Hamai Satoshi , Nakashima Yasuharu
Published: October 2024

Background: Data on the differences in functional recovery between inpatient rehabilitation for total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are lacking, and the factors influencing the improvement of short-term functional mobility remain unknown. In this study, we compared the short-term functional outcomes of both procedures and identified early postoperative predictors of physical function gain during post-acute rehabilitation. Methods: A total of 435 patients who underwent THA and TKA were included. The main outcomes were knee extension strength, the motor component of the Functional Independence Measure, Numerical Rating Scale, 10 Meter Walk Test, Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and the Berg Balance Scale. The recovery process and rehabilitation outcomes were compared between patients with THA and TKA. Additionally, predictors related to physical performance improvement were examined for each procedure. Results: Patients with THA and TKA achieved significant short-term functional recovery after multidisciplinary rehabilitation (time; p < 0.001). However, the pain score was higher at discharge in patients with TKA (p < 0.001). Age (β: −0.264, p = 0.009) and TUG test (β: −0.884, p < 0.001) in THA, and non-operated knee extension strength (β: 0.234, p = 0.016) and TUG test (β: −0.783, p < 0.001) in TKA were significant early postoperative predictors of functional mobility. Conclusions: Multidisciplinary rehabilitation was beneficial for functional improvement in patients with THA and TKA despite persistent pain at discharge after TKA. Baseline functional levels in both groups and non-operated knee extension strength in TKA can be useful performance-based predictors of short-term gait function improvement.
Factors Associated with Maternal Morbidity in Patients with Eclampsia in Three Obstetric Intensive Care Units: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Susanu Carolina , Vasilache Ingrid-Andrada , Harabor Anamaria , Vicoveanu Petronela , Călin Alina-Mihaela
Published: October 2024

(1) Introduction. Eclampsia is a rare complication that can occur during pregnancy and has a significant impact on maternal and neonatal outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors associated with significant maternal morbidity after an eclamptic seizure. (2) Methods. An observational retrospective study was performed in three maternity hospitals in Romania between 2015 and 2023 and included pregnant patients diagnosed with eclampsia. Clinical and paraclinical data were investigated, and the impact of several risk factors was assessed using multiple logistic regression analysis. The results were reported as risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (Cis). (3) Results. A total of 104 patients with preeclampsia, of whom 23 experienced eclamptic seizures, were included in this study. A total of 82.6% of the patients diagnosed with eclampsia experienced a form of significant morbidity (stroke, PRES syndrome, or any organ failure/dysfunction). Our regression analysis revealed that advanced maternal age (RR: 12.24 95% CI: 4.29–36.61, p = 0.002), the presence of thrombotic disorders (RR: 9.17, 95% CI: 3.41–23.70, p = 0.03), obesity (RR: 4.89, 95% CI: 0.78–18.15, p = 0.036), and smoking status (RR: 2.18, 95% CI: 0.13- 6.51, p = 0.042) significantly increase the risk of maternal comorbidities. (4) Conclusions. Careful monitoring of pregnant patients, adequate weight control during pregnancy, and correct anticoagulation of individual patients could reduce the extent of postpartum comorbidities that can result from an eclamptic seizure.
RETRACTED: Jeong et al. A Phase III Head-to-Head Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Fexuprazan and Esomeprazole in Treating Patients with Erosive Esophagitis. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 3262
Authors: Jeong Yuchul , Lee Beom Jun , Han Se-Hyeon
Published: October 2024

The Journal of Clinical Medicine retracts the article entitled “A Phase III Head-to-Head Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Fexuprazan and Esomeprazole in Treating Patients with Erosive Esophagitis” [...]
Effect of Ethyl-Cyanoacrylate and Platelet-Rich Fibrin on Fresh Sockets of Rabbits Subjected to Anticoagulant Therapy
Authors: Rosas Eduardo , Dias Fernando José , Pitol Dimitrius , Olate Sergio , Issa João Paulo Mardegan , Borie Eduardo
Published: October 2024

Objectives: There are no studies related to the use of PRF associated with cyanoacrylates in fresh post-extraction sockets. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of ethyl-cyanoacrylate combined with PRF in fresh sockets of rabbits subjected to anticoagulant therapy. Methods: Twelve adults rabbits were selected and premedicated with heparin 1 week before surgery to induce and simulate anticoagulant therapy. Upper and lower first premolars on the right side were extracted and then were divided into four groups of three animals each, with the groups distributed according to the type of intervention in the sockets (n = 6): (1) clot and suture (control); (2) PRF and suture; (3) clot and ethyl-cyanoacrylate; (4) PRF and ethyl-cyanoacrylate. At 12 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and the sockets were analyzed histologically and quantitatively. Total bone area, inflammation infiltrate, and adhesive remnants were assessed. Results: No remnants of adhesive were found in the samples. Groups 1 and 2 showed the highest bone area (G1 = 37.87% ± 17.86; G2 = 30.31 ± 9.36) with significant differences to those treated with ethyl-cyanoacrylate adhesive (G3 = 26.6% ± 11.82; G4 = 24.29% ± 6.25). Conclusions: The groups that used ethyl-cyanoacrylate as a closure method in sockets exhibited less bone area than the groups that used sutures. Both groups that used PRF as therapy did not show a significant improvement in bone healing at 12 weeks compared with the clot groups.