bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study of Iron, Manganese and Nickel Contamination Potential of Disc and Hammer Milling Equipment and their Toxic Effect on Rat Kidney
Authors: Isa Blessing H. , Dabak Jonathan D. , Dalhatu Umar Umar , Daman Panshak Kumbet
Published: May 2022

Aim: To investigate the effect of hammer and disc milling equipment on the levels of Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn) and Nickel (Ni) contents in maize (Zea mays) flour and the consequent impact on the kidney of albino rats.

Study Design: The rats were randomly divided into groups of five rats per group.  Six of the groups were fed with maize flour milled with a hammer mill, while the other six groups were fed with maize flour milled with a disc mill, and the thirteenth group was fed with crushed flour in a mortar and pestle as a control. The rats were sacrificed by decapitation under anesthesia on the 14th and 28th days.

 Place and Duration of Study: Departments of Biochemistry and Histology laboratories of the University of Jos, Nigeria, between, January to June, 2021.

Methodology: For six days, a portion of the maize grains was milled with a hammer mill, another with a disc mill, and a third fraction was crushed into flour with a wooden mortar. The inductive coupled plasma mass spectrophotometric method was used to determine the levels of Fe, Mn, and Ni in maize flour. To avoid lysing the blood, blood samples were carefully collected by allowing it to run down the test tube's wall. The blood was allowed to coagulate at room temperature before being centrifuged and the serum collected and frozen until it was time for biochemical analysis. The kidneys of the rats were excised, cleaned, and preserved in chloroform until histological examinations were required.

Results: The results show that Fe (325.16 ± 30.00 mg/kg and 205.05 ± 30.20 mg/kg) and Ni (20.92 ± 5.92 mg/kg and 18.00 ± 2.70 mg/kg) levels were extremely high in both disc and hammer milling machines. The Fe and Mn values in disc milled maize flour were higher than those in hammer milled maize flour. Rats in all groups had significantly higher serum urea, creatinine, K+, Na+, and Cl- levels than the control group. The kidney tissues of all the rats in the control and hammer-milled flour groups were normal, except for group 1 of the disc mill, which showed mild damage, according to the histopathological analysis.

Conclusion: The Day 1 group fed with disc-milled flour showed a dense cast, atrophy, and nuclei loss in their kidney tissue. According to the results of the study, hammer milled maize flour is less harmful than disc milled maize flour, as shown by kidney histopathology.
Thirteen Year Long Term Fertilization Effect on Soil Phosphorus Fractions of an Acid Inceptisol and Their Contribution to Phosphorus Uptake by a Double Crop of Rice under Sub-Tropical Climate
Authors: Shivhare Sugyata , Rout Kumbha Karna , Mandal Mitali , Samant Prasanna Kumar , Majhi Pradipta , Phonglosa Amit , Nayak Raghabananda , Gupta Akhilesh Kumar
Published: May 2022

A 13 year old long term fertilizer experiment conducted on an acid soil with rice-rice system was used to study the impact of continuous application of fertilizer nutrients and amendments on changes in soil phosphorus fractions and their relative contribution to P nutrition. There was accumulation of total P on surface soil in all P fertilized treatments and depletion in P minus treatments. Depending on the P balance the treatments differed significantly with respect to P accumulation. 150%NPK treatment had highest P accumulation (841.92kgha-1) in surface soil. The high yielding treatments viz. 100%NPK+FYM and 100% NPK +FYM+Lime had relatively less P built up than 100%NPK. The total P comprised of inorganic P, 64.43-89.60% and organic P, 10.40– 35.57%. The inorganic fraction in terms of their abundance were in the order: Sal-P (42.13 kgha-1) <Occl-P (52.16 kgha-1) < Al-P (52.98 kgha-1) < Ca-P (55.44 kgha-1) < Red–P (134.22 kgha-1) < Fe-P (218.70 kgha-1). Olsen P which was significantly influenced by the fertilizer treatments had a very strong positive correlation (p<0.01) with Sal-P(r= 0.469***), Occl-P(r=0.639***) and Ca-P (r=0.739***). Among the inorganic P fractions, Ca-P contributed highest of 42.57% to P uptake, followed by Occl-P (28.59%), Sal-P (18.56%) and Al-P (7.63%). The fractions in order of their relative importance for P uptake under submerged rice-rice situation are Ca-P > Occl-P > Sal-P > Al-P > Red-P > Fe-P. The study indicated that 100%NPK+FYM and 100% NPK+FYM+Lime are the best treatments for maintaining more active fractions of P required for P nutrition of rice-rice system under the tropical acid situation.
Studies on Growth and Yield of Forage Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) var. GAFB-4as Influenced by Nitrogen and Weed Management
Authors: Chiranjeevi Mocharla , Singh Rajesh , Indu Thakur
Published: May 2022

Background: Pearl millet is an important staple food in arid and semi-arid tropics of Asia and Africa. Low productivity and susceptibility due to weed population are the major causes for declining a productivity of millets in India. As the pearl millet is grown predominantly in the hot and humid rainy season, weeds deprive these crops of vital nutrients and moisture and bring down the production.

Objective: Study the impact of nitrogen and weed management on the growth, yield, and quality of Forage Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) Var. GAFB-4.

 Methods: A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2021, at crop research farm of Department of Agronomy at Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj in North Eastern plains of Eastern Uttar Pradesh. under Randomized block design comprising of 9 treatments of which treatments (T1-T9) with different combination of nitrogen along with weed management which are replicated thrice.

Conclusion: The treatment of 80 kg/ha nitrogen+ atrazine was recorded. Plant height (200.52 cm), plant dry weight (51.59gm), weed density (6.00), green fodder yield (28.42 t/ha) Because the findings are based on research conducted during a single season, they may be repeated for further confirmation.
Molecular Characterization of Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda, J.E. Smith) Feeding on Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Sathyan T. , Sathiah N. , Mohankumar S. , Balasubramani V. , Ravikesavan R. , Kennedy J.S.
Published: May 2022

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is an invasive insect pest of India native to the Western Hemisphere. The pest damages more than 350 plant species. FAW is genetically divided into two strains viz. corn (C) strain which feeds mostly on maize, sorghum, etc. and the other is a rice (R) strain that prefers rice and other small grasses. In the present study, fall armyworm samples were collected from rice crop in two different places of Tamil Nadu, India during 2019-20 and strain identity was confirmed. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)- Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) profile of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I fragment confirmed the presence of both ‘R’ and ‘C’ strains of FAW in rice crop. Nucleotide variations were observed from PBS, TNAU isolate at five places and two places in Killikulam isolate. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that PBS, TNAU isolate ON247930 (C strain) has completely diverged from Killikulam isolate OM491244 (R strain).
Serum Adenosine Daminase Ativity as a Dagnostic Biomarker in Systemic lupus Eythematosus Patients
Authors: Ghanem Dina Gamal Bastawesy , Hazzaa Sahar Mohy Eldine , Shahba Abeer Abd El Monem , Hodeib Hossam Abd El Mohsein
Published: May 2022

Background: Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is linked to the development of autoimmune diseases. In order to assess the use of serum ADA activity in diagnosing SLE and assessing disease activity, we examined the serum ADA activity of 70 SLE patients (35 active patients and 35 inactive patients) and 15 healthy controls.

Aim: The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the importance of serum ADA activities in identifying SLE and its connection to the activity of the illness.

Subjects and Methods: This a randomized prospective efficacy-controlled study conducted on 85 adult Patients (≥ 18 years) with clinically active SLE and clinically non-active SLE and carried at Clinical Pathology Department at Tanta University Hospital.

Results: In SLE patients, serum ADA activity was substantially higher in the active patients group than in the inactive patients group when compared to the control group. The best cut-off value for utilizing blood ADA activity to diagnose SLE patients was 12.8 U/L, according to a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis (ROC) (specificity, 100 percent; sensitivity, 100 percent). For lupus patients, serum ADA activity was shown to be more useful than other conventional hematological indicators such as complement C3, complement C4, ANA, and anti-ds DNA. Adenosine deaminase levels were also linked to ESR, blood urea, serum creatinine, Hb levels, Urine albumin/creatinine ratio, anti-nuclear antibody titre, anti-dsDNA antibody, total platelet count, complement C3 and complement C4 levels.

Conclusion: Serum ADA activity might be a possible diagnostic sign for SLE, and assessing serum ADA activity can help with illness evaluation and monitoring.
Comparative Study of Analgesic Efficacy of Ultrasound Guided Femoral Nerve Block versus Intravenous Fentanyl Injection in Fracture Femur Patients at Emergency Department
Authors: Musallam Asmaa Hamdy , Nassar Esraa Hamdy , Romeih Mohamed Abdelhamed , Elshiekh Tarek Ahmed
Published: May 2022

Aim: The aim of this work was to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of ultrasound guided femoral nerve block compared with intravenous (IV) fentanyl in fractures of the femur in patients presented to Emergency Department (ED).

Methods: This prospective, comparative, (blinded, randomized controlled clinical trial) was conducted on fifty patients with femur fracture. Patients were divided into two equal groups: group A underwent ultrasonography-guided femoral nerve block and group B given IV fentanyl 2 µg/kg). All patients underwent initial resuscitation. Intra-venous (IV) access with wide bore cannula and baseline investigation were obtained. Patients underwent X-ray imaging for diagnosis of femur fracture and FAST (Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma) scan on presentation at ED by ED trained physicians.

Results: There is significant difference in group B as regard to peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) and Systolic blood pressure (P <0.001 and 0.013 respectively).  VAS (median ± SD) was lesser in group A 4.16 ± 2.12 VS 4.96 ± 2.05 in group B. Pain intensity difference was significant decrease group A over time (P= 0.032). Requesting analgesia and rescue analgesia were insignificant different between two groups.

Conclusions: Both femoral nerve block and IV fentanyl are effective in relieving pain in patients with femur fractures. But femoral nerve block provides better and intense analgesia, and major pain intensity difference in less time. Moreover, use of FNB had fewer side effects and more hemodynamicsstability as compared to opioids.
High‐Throughput Method–Accelerated Design of Ni‐Based Superalloys
Authors: Liu Feng , Wang Zexin , Wang Zi , Zhong Jing , Zhao Lei , Jiang Liang , Zhou Runhua , Liu Yong , Huang Lan , Tan Liming , Tian Yujia , Zheng Han , Fang Qihong , Zhang Lijun , Zhang Lina , Wu Hong , Bai Lichun , Zhou Kun
Published: May 2022

Ever‐increasing demands for superior alloys with improved high‐temperature service properties require accurate design of their composition. However, conventional approaches to screen the properties of alloys such as creep resistance and microstructural stability cost a lot of time and resources. This work therefore proposes a novel high throughput–based design strategy for high‐temperature alloys to accelerate their composition selections, by taking Ni‐based superalloys as an example. A numerical inverse method is used to massively calculate the multielement diffusion coefficients based on an accurate atomic mobility database. These coefficients are subsequently employed to refine the physical models for tuning the creep rates and structural stability of alloys, followed by unsupervised machine learning to categorize their composition and determine the range of the composition with optimal performance. By using a strict screening criterion, two sets of composition with comprehensively optimal properties are selected, which is then validated by experiments. Compared with recent data‐driven methods for materials design, this strategy exhibits high accuracy and efficiency attributed to the high‐throughput multicomponent diffusion couples, self‐developed atomic mobility database, and refined physical models. Since this strategy is independent of the alloy composition, it can efficiently accelerate the development of multicomponent high‐performance alloys and tackle challenges in discovering novel materials.
Unraveling Thermodynamic and Kinetic Contributions to the Stability of Doped Nanocrystalline Alloys using Nanometallic Multilayers
Authors: Cunningham W. Streit , Mascarenhas Sean T. J. , Riano J. Sebastian , Wang Wenbo , Hwang Sooyeon , Hattar Khalid , Hodge Andrea M. , Trelewicz Jason R.
Published: May 2022

Targeted doping of grain boundaries is widely pursued as a pathway for combating thermal instabilities in nanocrystalline metals. However, certain dopants predicted to produce grain‐boundary‐segregated nanocrystalline configurations instead form small nanoprecipitates at elevated temperatures that act to kinetically inhibit grain growth. Here, thermodynamic modeling is implemented to select the Mo–Au system for exploring the interplay between thermodynamic and kinetic contributions to nanostructure stability. Using nanoscale multilayers and in situ transmission electron microscopy thermal aging, evolving segregation states and the corresponding phase transitions are mapped with temperature. The microstructure is shown to evolve through a transformation at lower homologous temperatures (<600 °C) where solute atoms cluster and segregate to the grain boundaries, consistent with predictions from thermodynamic models. An increase in temperature to 800 °C is accompanied by coarsening of the grain structure via grain boundary migration but with multiple pinning events uncovered between migrating segments of the grain boundary and local solute clustering. Direct comparison between the thermodynamic predictions and experimental observations of microstructure evolution thus demonstrates a transition from thermodynamically preferred to kinetically inhibited nanocrystalline stability and provides a general framework for decoupling contributions to complex stability transitions while simultaneously targeting a dominant thermal stability regime.
A Protein‐Like Nanogel for Spinning Hierarchically Structured Artificial Spider Silk
Authors: He Wenqian , Qian Dong , Wang Yang , Zhang Guanghao , Cheng Yao , Hu Xiaoyu , Wen Kai , Wang Meilin , Liu Zunfeng , Zhou Xiang , Zhu Meifang
Published: May 2022

Spider dragline silk is draw‐spun from soluble, β‐sheet‐crosslinked spidroin in aqueous solution. This spider silk has an excellent combination of strength and toughness, which originates from the hierarchical structure containing β‐sheet crosslinking points, spiral nanoassemblies, a rigid sheath, and a soft core. Inspired by the spidroin structure and spider spinning process, a soluble and crosslinked nanogel is prepared and crosslinked fibers are drew spun with spider‐silk‐like hierarchical structures containing cross‐links, aligned nanoassemblies, and sheath–core structures. Introducing nucleation seeds in the nanogel solution, and applying prestretch and a spiral architecture in the nanogel fiber, further tunes the alignment and assembly of the polymer chains, and enhances the breaking strength (1.27 GPa) and toughness (383 MJ m−3) to approach those of the best dragline silk. Theoretical modeling provides understanding for the dependence of the fiber's spinning capacity on the nanogel size. This work provides a new strategy for the direct spinning of tough fiber materials.
2D‐Topology‐Seeded Graphitization for Highly Thermally Conductive Carbon Fibers
Authors: Ming Xin , Wei Anran , Liu Yingjun , Peng Li , Li Peng , Wang Jiaqing , Liu Senping , Fang Wenzhang , Wang Ziqiu , Peng Huanqin , Lin Jiahao , Huang Haoguang , Han Zhanpo , Luo Shiyu , Cao Min , Wang Bo , Liu Zheng , Guo Fenglin , Xu Zhen , Gao Chao
Published: May 2022

Highly thermally conductive carbon fibers (CFs) have become an important material to meet the increasing demand for efficient heat dissipation. To date, high thermal conductivity has been only achieved in specific pitch‐based CFs with high crystallinity. However, obtaining high graphitic crystallinity and high thermal conductivity beyond pitch‐CFs remains a grand challenge. Here, a 2D‐topology‐seeded graphitization method is presented to mediate the topological incompatibility in graphitization by seeding 2D graphene oxide (GO) sheets into the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursor. Strong mechanical strength and high thermal conductivity up to 850 W m−1 K−1 are simultaneously realized, which are one order of magnitude higher in conductivity than commercial PAN‐based CFs. The self‐oxidation and seeded graphitization effect generate large crystallite size and high orientation to far exceed those of conventional CFs. Topologically seeded graphitization, verified in experiments and simulations, allows conversion of the non‐graphitizable into graphitizable materials by incorporating 2D seeds. This method extends the preparation of highly thermally conductive CFs, which has great potential for lightweight thermal‐management materials.
Simultaneous One‐Pot Interpenetrating Network Formation to Expand 3D Processing Capabilities
Authors: Dhand Abhishek P. , Davidson Matthew D. , Galarraga Jonathan H. , Qazi Taimoor H. , Locke Ryan C. , Mauck Robert L. , Burdick Jason A.
Published: May 2022

The incorporation of a secondary network into traditional single‐network hydrogels can enhance mechanical properties, such as toughness and loading to failure. These features are important for many applications, including as biomedical materials; however, the processing of interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogels is often limited by their multistep fabrication procedures. Here, a one‐pot scheme for the synthesis of biopolymer IPN hydrogels mediated by the simultaneous crosslinking of two independent networks with light, namely: i) free‐radical crosslinking of methacrylate‐modified hyaluronic acid (HA) to form the primary network and ii) thiol–ene crosslinking of norbornene‐modified HA with thiolated guest–host assemblies of adamantane and β‐cyclodextrin to form the secondary network, is reported. The mechanical properties of the IPN hydrogels are tuned by changing the network composition, with high water content (≈94%) hydrogels exhibiting excellent work of fracture, tensile strength, and low hysteresis. As proof‐of‐concept, the IPN hydrogels are implemented as low‐viscosity Digital Light Processing resins to fabricate complex structures that recover shape upon loading, as well as in microfluidic devices to form deformable microparticles. Further, the IPNs are cytocompatible with cell adhesion dependent on the inclusion of adhesive peptides. Overall, the enhanced processing of these IPN hydrogels will expand their utility across applications.
Palladium‐Catalyzed [4+2] Cycloaddition of Hydroxy‐Tethered Allylic Carbonates with Alkenes: Synthesis of Functionalized Tetrahydropyrans
Authors: Xu Jiaqing , Shi Wangyu , Liu Min , Liao Jianning , Wang Wei , Wu Yongjun , Guo Hongchao
Published: May 2022

A palladium‐catalyzed [4+2] cycloaddition of hydroxy‐tethered allyl carbonates with five types of electron‐deficient alkenes has been achieved, in which a type of new hydroxy‐tethered allyl carbonates acted as valuable precursors for the formation of 1,4‐C,O‐dipole allylpalladium intermediates. The reaction proceeded efficiently under mild reaction conditions to provide the corresponding tetrahydropyran derivatives in moderate to high yields with excellent diastereoselectivities.

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The Protective Effects of Osteocyte‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles Against Alzheimer's Disease Diminished with Aging
Authors: Jiang Ya‐Ling , Wang Zhen‐Xing , Liu Xi‐Xi , Wan Mei‐Dan , Liu Yi‐Wei , Jiao Bin , Liao Xin‐Xin , Luo Zhong‐Wei , Wang Yi‐Yi , Hong Chun‐Gu , Tan Yi‐Juan , Weng Ling , Zhou Ya‐Fang , Rao Shan‐Shan , Cao Jia , Liu Zheng‐Zhao , Wan Teng‐Fei , Zhu Yuan , Xie Hui , Shen Lu
Published: May 2022

Both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and osteoporosis (OP) are common age‐associated degenerative diseases and are strongly correlated with clinical epidemiology. However, there is a lack of clear pathological relationship between the brain and bone in the current understanding. Here, it is found that young osteocyte, the most abundant cells in bone, secretes extracellular vesicles (OCYYoung‐EVs) to ameliorate cognitive impairment and the pathogenesis of AD in APP/PS1 mice and model cells. These benefits of OCYYoung‐EVs are diminished in aged osteocyte‐derived EVs (OCYAged‐EVs). Based on the self‐constructed OCY‐EVs tracer transgenic mouse models and the in vivo fluorescent imaging system, OCY‐EVs have been observed to be transported to the brain under physiological and pathological conditions. In the hippocampal administration of Aβ40 induced young AD model mice, the intramedullary injection of Rab27a‐shRNA adenovirus inhibits OCYYoung‐EVs secretion from bone and aggravates cognitive impairment. Proteomic quantitative analysis reveals that OCYYoung‐EVs, compared to OCYAged‐EVs, enrich multiple protective factors of AD pathway. The study uncovers the role of OCY‐EV as a regulator of brain health, suggesting a novel mechanism in bone‐brain communication.
Keeping up with the literature: A current practice survey and qualitative needs assessment among emergency physicians
Authors: Colmers‐Gray Isabelle N. , Solis Aguilar Leandro , Gauri Aliyah , Ha David J. , Stauffer Brandy A.
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Physicians face the challenge of staying current with a rapidly growing body of evidence and applying it to their practice. How emergency physicians (EPs) do so is unknown. The authors sought to describe and assess needs around EP patterns of evidence‐based medicine (EBM) and continuing medical education (CME) resource use.

Methods

The authors conducted a multicenter, cross‐sectional study in 2019 across 12 tertiary care, community, and suburban emergency department (ED) sites in the greater area of Edmonton. Information on EBM/CME resource use along with barriers and facilitators to staying current was gathered using a rigorously developed survey tool, distributed electronically and by mail. Responses were tabulated and subgroups analyzed using MANOVA and ANOVA tests. Thematic analysis of comments used a phenomenological lens.

Results

A total of 118 EPs (40.1%) completed the survey. Listening to podcasts, attending EM conferences, and subscription‐based resources were preferred for staying current. Resource use differed by years in practice but not by age, sex, training background, or site type. EBM had an important impact on respondents’ practice (average rating 3.8 out of 5, with 5 indicating “practice changing”). Time was an important barrier. Most (62.7%) felt that they did not spend enough time, despite spending a median of 4 to 5 h monthly on EBM. Facilitators (including journal club summaries or lists of practice‐relevant papers) had only moderate impacts. Thematic analysis found three themes (importance of EBM, implementation challenges, and dissemination of EBM) and 13 subthemes.

Conclusion

EPs preferentially chose podcasts, conferences, and subscription‐based resources to stay current with EBM; time was the biggest barrier. These findings help ED leads and educators tailor CME to physician learning preferences to maximize application of EBM to clinical practice. The next steps include developing/curating resources and disseminating the survey on a larger scale to identify opportunities for shared virtual resources.
Through‐the‐esophageal‐stent diagnostics and intervention of pancreaticolithiasis complicated by high‐grade esophageal stricture
Authors: Zimmer Vincent
Published: May 2022

Luminal strictures along the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) route to the papilla to allow for biliopancreatic endoscopy may be encountered in individual patients, precluding scope advancement. Stent implantation to allow for scope passage followed by successful through‐the‐scope ERCP has rarely been reported in such setting, however, to the best of our knowledge neither in terms of pancreatic indications and/or as same‐session endoscopic ultrasound‐ERCP, which is pioneered in this report.
Splenic artery pseudoaneurysm as a fatal complication of acute pancreatitis
Authors: Tseng Yu‐Hsuan , Liu Chuen‐Huei , Lee Chun‐Yang , Chiu Nai‐Chi , Su Chien‐Wei
Published: May 2022

Splenic artery pseudoaneurysm (SAP) is a rare but potentially fatal complication of acute pancreatitis. We present a 67‐year‐old female with ruptured SAP as a complication of acute pancreatitis. The patient had mild clinical symptoms on admission, thus was difficult to identify for severe complications. However, she had experienced two episodes of hypovolemic shock on the 10th day after admission. Abdominal computer tomography scan and angiography revealed evidence of splenic artery injury possibly due to acute pancreatitis. The patient underwent transcatheter embolization of splenic artery and total spleen. However, she was still hemodynamically unstable and eventually expired due to severe sepsis. This case raised our clinical awareness of SAP as a rare but life‐threatening complication of acute pancreatitis even in patients with short clinical courses and initially mild symptoms. SAP should be kept in mind during image study or in hemodynamically unstable cases of acute pancreatitis.
Quantifizierung biokatalytischer Umwandlungen durch einzelne mikrobielle Zellen mittels maßgeschneiderter Integration von Tröpfchenmikrofluidik und Massenspektrometrie
Authors: Wink Konstantin , van der Loh Marie , Hartner Nora , Polack Matthias , Dusny Christian , Schmid Andreas , Belder Detlev
Published: May 2022

Die Verbesserung der Effizienz von chemischen Umwandlungen, die durch mikrobielle Biokatalysatoren katalysiert werden, erfordert ein tiefes Verständnis von zellulären Prozessen. Während die Heterogenität zellulärer Merkmale, wie die Konzentration des reichlich vorhandenen Zellinhalts, gut untersucht ist, ist wenig über die Reaktivität einzelner Zellen und ihre Auswirkung auf die chemische Identität, Menge und Reinheit der sekretierten Produkte bekannt. Biokatalytische Umwandlungen wurden chemisch spezifisch und quantifizierbar auf der Einzelzellebene durch die Integration von Tröpfchenmikrofluidik, Zellbildgebung und Massenspektrometrie überwacht. Die Produktbildungsraten für einzelne Saccharomyces cerevisiae‐Zellen wurden durch i) Inkubation von nanolitergroßen Tröpfchen zur Produktakkumulation in Mikrofluidik‐Plattformen, ii) eine Bildgebungseinheit zur Bestimmung der Zellanzahl in den Tröpfchen und iii) Elektrospray‐Ionisations‐Massenspektrometrie zur Messung des chemischen Inhalts einzelner Tröpfchen ermittelt. Diese Erkenntnisse ermöglichen nun die Untersuchung der Biokatalyse ganzer Zellen bei einer Einzelzellauflösung.
Association of peripheral manifestation of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor with depression: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Tiwari Sagun , Qi Lili , Wong John , Han Zhenxiang
Published: May 2022

Background

The relationship between brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and depression is a hot topic in research as several results of preclinical and clinical studies have shown controversial results. Our meta‐analysis aims to evaluate and update the current status of peripheral BDNF with depression.

Methods

We performed a meta‐analysis by comprehensively searching PubMed and Web of Science for English‐language literature from inception to 1st of June 2020. The search terms included brain‐derived neurotrophic factor or BDNF in combination with depression, without year restriction. Using STATA software, data were pooled using a random‐effects model.

Results

In our literature search, 24 studies involving 1130 depressed patients and 1378 healthy individuals met our inclusion criteria. The results of our meta‐analysis showed that the peripheral levels of BDNF levels significantly decreased in depression than nondepressed healthy controls (SMD = −0.89, 95% CI = −1.41, −0.38, p < .0001); however, the significant heterogeneity among studies (Q = 740.91, I2 = 96.8; p < .001) was discovered. Trim‐and‐fill estimations for the adjustment of publication bias indicated that publication bias had no impact on our results. Our sub‐group analysis showed that a history of depression and alcohol consumption had an effect on the level of BDNF. In addition, age and gender did not affect the heterogeneity of BDNF in the meta‐analysis.

Conclusions

Although decreased peripheral expression of BDNF certainly presents a risk of depression, we cannot find a definite relationship between the peripheral level of BDNF with depression to use BDNF as a reliable biomarker to assess the depression in clinical practice. We propose that future research should consider all the factors affecting BDNF and assess the level of proBDNF and mBDNF separately while evaluating the patients with depression objectively.
Contact patterns and costs of multiple sclerosis in the Swedish healthcare system—A population‐based quantitative study
Authors: Lind Jonas , Persson Sofia , Vincent Jonatan , Lindenfalk Bertil , Oliver Brant J. , Smith Andrew D. , Andersson Gäre Boel
Published: May 2022

Background

The burden of disease for persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) and society is changing due to new treatments. Knowledge about the total need for care is necessary in relation to changing needs and new service models.

Objective

The aim of this study was to describe the contact patterns for MS patients, calculate costs in health care, and create meaningful subgroups to analyze contact patterns.

Methods

All patients diagnosed with MS at Ryhov Hospital were included. All contacts in the region from January 1, 2018, until September 30, 2019, were retrieved from the hospital administrative system. Data about age, sex, contacts, and diagnosis were registered. The cost was calculated using case costing, and costs for prescriptions were calculated from medical files.

Results

During the 21‐month period, patients (n = 305) had 9628 contacts and 7471 physical visits, with a total cost of $7,766,109. Seventeen percent of the patients accounted for 48% of the visits. The median annual cost was $7386 in the group with 10 or fewer visits, compared to $22,491 in patients with more than 50 visits.

Conclusion

There are considerable differences in the utilization of care and cost between patients with MS in an unselected population, meaning that the care needs to be better customized to each patient's demands.
A novel oncolytic virus induces a regional cytokine storm and safely eliminates malignant ascites of colon cancer
Authors: Dong Shuang , Liu Binlei , Hu Sheng , Guo Fang , Zhong Yi , Cai Qian , Zhang Siqi , Qian Yu , Wang Jun , Zhou Fuxiang
Published: May 2022

Background

Given malignant ascites with a terrible prognosis and a unique immune microenvironment, our purpose is to evaluate whether oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 2(OH2) is able to safely eliminate ascites of colon cancer and through which specific mechanism it exerts antitumor immunity.

Methods

We established an ascites mice model through intraperitoneal injection of CT26 cells and obtained an appropriate dose range for in vivo tests. Efficacy and safety of OH2 were detected by weight of ascites, blood routine analysis, histopathological examination, and the survival time of mice. The specific mechanism underlying antitumor immunity was analyzed by cytometric bead array, flow cytometry, and single‐cell RNA sequencing. Furthermore, anti‐interleukin (IL)‐6R antibody tocilizumab was synchronously or sequentially delivered with OH2 to explore the role of the regional cytokine storm, mainly IL‐6 hypersecretion.

Results

OH2 was able to eliminate ascites and significantly prolong the survival of mice‐bearing CT26 tumor cells by intraperitoneal injection, without obvious systemic damage to the main organs even though a regional cytokine storm. Hypersecretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, mainly IL‐6, and increased infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were observed in ascites mice treated by OH2, compared with those treated by 5‐fluorouracil or nonresponders. Furthermore, the initial‐stage blocking of the IL‐6 pathway was able to considerably suppress antitumor immune responses driven by OH2. Surprisingly, we discovered upregulations of the immune checkpoint genes such as Cd274 and Pdcd1 by single‐cell RNA sequencing.

Conclusions

OH2 could safely eliminate malignant ascites of colon cancer and convert the cold immune microenvironment by inducing a remarkably regional cytokine storm in ascites, mainly IL‐6, in the early stage of antitumor immune responses beyond directed oncolytic virotherapy.
Clinical outcomes and patterns of population‐based management of urachal carcinoma of the bladder: An analysis of the National Cancer Database
Authors: Dursun Furkan , Lim Kelvin , Svatek Robert S. , Xu Jiaqiong , El‐Zaatari Ziad M. , Wenker Evan P. , Klaassen Zachary W. , Mansour Ahmed M. , Muhammad Taliah , Efstathiou Eleni , Sonpavde Guru P. , Wallis Christopher J. D. , Satkunasivam Raj
Published: May 2022

Background

Given the low incidence of urachal carcinoma of the bladder (UCB), there is limited published data from contemporary population‐based cohorts. This study aimed to describe demographic, clinicopathological features, and survival outcomes of patients diagnosed with UCB.

Methods

The National Cancer Database (2004–2016) was queried for UCB patients. Descriptive analyses characterized demographics and clinicopathologic features. We assessed 5‐year overall survival (OS) rates of the entire cohort and subgroups of localized/locally advanced and metastatic disease. We utilized Cox proportional hazards models to assess the association between covariates of interest and all‐cause mortality and to examine the impact of surgical technique and chemotherapy.

Results

We identified 841 patients with UCB. The most common histologic subtype was non‐mucinous adenocarcinoma (39.6%). Approximately 50% had ≥cT2 disease, and 14.3% were metastatic at diagnosis. Altogether, partial cystectomy (60%) was most performed, and lymph node dissection was performed in 377 patients (44.8%), with specific temporal increase in utilization over the study period (p < 0.001). Overall, median OS was 59 months, and 5‐year OS was 49%. In patients with localized/locally advanced disease, we found no association between partial and radical cystectomy (Hazards ratio [HR] 1.75; 95% CI 0.72–4.3) as well as receipt of perioperative chemotherapy (HR 1.97, 95% CI 0.79–4.90) and outcomes. Lastly, receipt of systemic therapy was not associated with survival benefit (HR 0.785, 95% CI 0.37–1.65) in metastatic disease cohort.

Conclusion

This large population‐based cohort provides insight into the surgical management and systemic therapy, without clear evidence on the association of chemotherapy and survival in the perioperative and metastatic setting.
Isopentenylated Bibenzyls and Phenolic Compounds from Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl
Authors: Liu Ying , Zhang Jia‐Qian , Zhan Rui , Chen Ye‐Gao
Published: May 2022

Two new isopentenyl bibenzyls, denchrysotonols A and B (1–2), along with 26 known phenolic compounds, were isolated from the stems of cultivated Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl. Their chemical structures were clearly elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis. Biological evaluation of isolated compounds revealed that phenanthrenes (14, 16–17, 20, and 22) and fluorenone 25 exhibited anti‐inflammatory activities which inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS‐activated RAW264.7 macrophages with the IC50 values ranging from 9.4 to 32.5 μM. Moreover, bibenzyls (1–2 and 7) showed good anti‐proliferative activities against triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells (HCC1806, MDA‐MB‐231, and MB‐MB‐468) with the IC50 values ranging from 8.1 to 18.6 μM, of which 1 and 2 seemed preferentially inhibit MDA‐MB‐231 cells.
Hyoscine butylbromide induced psychosis: A case report
Authors: Lageju Nimesh , Neupane Durga , Jaiswal Lokesh Shekher , Phuyal Upama
Published: May 2022

Hyoscine butylbromide–induced pyschosis, though rare, should be considered in a child presenting with deteriorating cognitive functions and psychotic features acutely as evident in our case of a 9‐year‐old child taking hyoscine for her non‐specific abdominal pain.
Visceral leishmaniasis in non‐endemic rural hilly region of Nepal: A case report
Authors: Belbase Kapil , Shah Sangam , Dahal Krishna , Tiwari Sansar Babu , Neupane Santosh
Published: May 2022

Visceral leishmaniasis is the most severe form of leishmaniasis, caused by the obligate intracellular protozoan parasites Leishmania donovani or L. infantum, transmitted by the bite of phlebotomine sand fly. Visceral leishmaniasis is a disease of lowlands and uncommon in highlands. We report a case of visceral leishmaniasis in 13‐year‐old female patient from a village of Arghakhanchi situated at an altitude of 1200 m.
No child should suffer from vitamin K deficiency‐induced bleeding disorders
Authors: Miyahara Masazumi , Osaki Kyoko
Published: May 2022

We encountered an 11‐day‐old male neonate with vitamin K deficiency‐induced intracranial hemorrhage, despite receiving oral vitamin K2 (menaquinone‐4) prophylaxis according to Japanese guidelines. This case suggests that the current vitamin K deficiency‐bleeding prophylaxis programs cannot prevent bleeding completely. Better prophylaxis programs using both intramuscular and oral administration should be considered.
Effect of Mn Doped Ni−Co Mixed Oxide Catalysts on Urea Oxidation
Authors: Santhosh Shilpa , Teller Hanan , Schechter Alex , Kalarikkal Nandakumar
Published: May 2022

Urea as an energy generation and storage fuel has attracted increased attention for its stability, non‐toxicity, and availability. Urea possesses 10.1 wt.% of hydrogen. Nevertheless, its electrochemical oxidation is generally sluggish and inefficient. Ni‐based catalysts which showed efficient activity towards urea electrooxidation in the alkaline medium were studied for Direct Urea Fuel Cell (DUFC) anodes. In the present study, we investigated urea oxidation on a novel three‐dimensional mixed oxide catalyst, NiCo2O4. Mn‐doped NiCo2O4catalyst exhibited urea oxidation activity of 45.88 mA cm−2(at 1.30 V vs SHE), fifteen times higher than NiO and Co3O4and twice that of bare NiCo2O4spinel. Chronoamperometry curves of the Mn‐doped NiCo2O4catalyst demonstrated stable urea oxidation for over 3 hours. The significantly higher mass activity of Mn‐doped NiCo2O4catalyst is attributed to the least nano‐crystallite size, better dispersion of Ni nuclei onto the spinel crystal matrix, enhanced Ni electrochemical active surface area, and lower bandgap.
Neutron Diffraction Study of Indole Solvation in Deep Eutectic Systems of Choline Chloride, Malic Acid, and Water
Authors: Hammond Oliver S. , Atri Ria , Bowron Daniel T. , Edler Karen J.
Published: May 2022

Deep eutectic systems are currently under intense investigation to replace traditional organic solvents in a range of syntheses. Here, indole in choline chloride‐malic acid deep eutectic solvent (DES) was studied as a function of water content, to identify solute interactions with the DES which affect heterocycle reactivity and selectivity, and as a proxy for biomolecule solvation. Empirical Potential Structure Refinement models of neutron diffraction data showed [Cholinium]+cations associate strongly with the indole π‐system due to electrostatics, whereas malic acid is only weakly associated. Trace water is sequestered into the DES and does not interact strongly with indole. When water is added to the DES, it does not interact with the indole π‐system but is exclusively in‐plane with the heterocyclic rings, forming strong H‐bonds with the ‐NH group, and also weak H‐bonds and thus prominent hydrophobic hydration of the indole aromatic region, which could direct selectivity in reactions.
Electrochemistry and Reactivity of Chelation‐stabilized Hypervalent Bromine(III) Compounds
Authors: Mohebbati Nayereh , Sokolovs Igors , Woite Philipp , Lõkov Märt , Parman Elisabeth , Ugandi Mihkel , Leito Ivo , Roemelt Michael , Suna Edgars , Francke Robert
Published: May 2022

Hypervalent bromine(III) reagents possess a higher electrophilicity and a stronger oxidizing power compared to their iodine(III) counterparts. Despite the superior reactivity, bromine(III) reagents have a reputation of hard‐to‐control and difficult‐to‐synthesize compounds. This is partly due to their low stability, and partly because their synthesis typically relies on the use of the toxic and highly reactive BrF3 as a precursor. Recently, we proposed chelation‐stabilized hypervalent bromine(III) compounds as a possible solution to both problems. First, they can be conveniently prepared by electro‐oxidation of the corresponding bromoarenes. Second, the chelation endows bromine(III) species with increased stability while retaining sufficient reactivity, comparable to that of iodine(III) counterparts. Finally, their intrinsic reactivity can be unlocked in the presence of acids. Herein, an in‐depth mechanistic study of both the electrochemical generation and the reactivity of the bromine(III) compounds is disclosed, with implications for known applications and future developments in the field.
Copper‐Catalyzed Borylation of Acyl Chlorides with an Alkoxy Diboron Reagent: A Facile Route to Acylboron Compounds
Authors: Zhang Xiaolei , Friedrich Alexandra , Marder Todd B.
Published: May 2022

Herein, the copper‐catalyzed borylation of readily available acyl chlorides with bis(pinacolato)diboron, (B2pin2) or bis(neopentane glycolato)diboron (B2neop2) is reported, which provides stable potassium acyltrifluoroborates (KATs) in good yields from the acylboronate esters. A variety of functional groups are tolerated under the mild reaction conditions (room temperature) and substrates containing different carbon‐skeletons, such as aryl, heteroaryl and primary, secondary, tertiary alkyl are applicable. Acyl N‐methyliminodiacetic acid (MIDA) boronates can also been accessed by modification of the workup procedures. This process is scalable and also amenable to the late‐stage conversion of carboxylic acid‐containing drugs into their acylboron analogues, which have been challenging to prepare previously. A catalytic mechanism is proposed based on in situ monitoring of the reaction between p‐toluoyl chloride and an NHC‐copper(I) boryl complex as well as the isolation of an unusual lithium acylBpinOBpin compound as a key intermediate.
Die digitale Autobahn in die Feldebene
Authors: Ditting Stefan
Published: May 2022

Ethernet‐APL bringt die Vorteile der digitalen Kommunikation in die rauen Umgebungsbedingungen der Feldebene der Prozessindustrie. Der universelle Einsatz von Ethernet‐APL ermöglicht es, die Infrastruktur für sichere und nicht sichere Kommunikation zu vereinheitlichen.
Mess‐, Steuer‐, Regeltechnik‐Automation‐Antriebstechnik
Authors: Jablonski Frank
Published: May 2022

Um sicher zu stellen, dass einerseits leistungsfähige Technik eingesetzt wird und andererseits keine überraschungen auftreten, werden neue Geräte und Automatisierungstechniken vorab auf Herz und Nieren getestet. So auch bei der Einführung der Ethernet‐APL‐Technologie. Die BASF‐Ingenieure prüfen in einer Testanlage die Kommunikationstechnik der neuen Ethernet‐APL‐fähigen Messgeräte, darunter auch das Portfolio von Endress+Hauser.
Eine abwasserfreie Produktion ist möglich
Authors: Hendricks Silvia
Published: May 2022

Wasserknappheit gehört zu den Faktoren, die abwasserarme oder gar abwasserfreie industrielle Prozesse in Zukunft noch interessanter machen werden. Auf der IFAT Munich 2022 werden die dafür erforderlichen Technologien präsentiert und die Marktbedingungen diskutiert.
Filter digitalisieren und den Filter–prozess simulieren
Authors: Azimian Mehdi , Planas Barbara , Eichheimer Philipp
Published: May 2022

Die Mulktiskalensimulation ermöglicht das digitale Filterdesign zur Verhaltensvorhersage, um selbst anspruchsvolle Spezifikationen zu erfüllen. Mit Geo‐Dict werden komplexe Geometrien und Simulationen von Filtern mit Gehäuse in den Filterdesign‐Workflow integriert und liefern alle wichtigen Leistungsparameter für den gesamten Filter als Funktion der Filtrationszeit.
Inbetriebnahme – eine höchst komplexe Teamaufgabe
Authors: Gandert Etwina
Published: May 2022

Das Treffen der Betriebsingenieure Rhein‐Ruhr am 25. März 2022 stand unter der überschrift “Inbetriebnahme verfahrenstechnischer Anlagen”. Dr. Christian Poppe, Vorsitzender des VDI‐Fachbeirats Betrieb verfahrenstechnischer Anlagen, und die Geschäftsführerin des VDI‐GVC, Dr. Ljuba Woppowa, luden zum Treffen im Online‐Format ein.
Alkaloid Dimers Isolated from Thalictrum baicalense Have Antitumor Activities
Authors: Xue Jingjing , Wang Yuetong , Liu Fangshen , Yang Hangao , Lin Bin , Li Zhanlin , Jing Yongkui , Li Dahong , Hua Huiming
Published: May 2022

Comprehensive Summary

A pair of heterodimeric isoquinoline alkaloid enantiomers, (±) thaliberberine A, five new thalifaberine‐type aporphine‐benzylisoquinoline (ABI) alkaloids, thalicultratines M—Q, and thirteen known analogues were isolated from the roots of Thalictrum baicalense Turcz. ex Ledeb. The structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic methods and ECD calculations. Thaliberberine A featuring a novel carbon skeleton coupled by two different classes of isoquinoline alkaloids, protoberberine and phthalidoisoquinoline, represents the first natural product with the berberine skeleton substituted at C‐6. Plausible biosynthetic routes of 1 are proposed. All isolated alkaloids were screened for their antiproliferative effects in vitro against HCT116, Caco‐2, and HepG‐2 cancer cell lines. The most active ABI alkaloid, thalifaronine (7) induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Compound 7 effectively inhibited the colony formation and tumor growth of HCT116 cells in xenografts. The thalifaberine‐type ABI dimers represent a group of compounds with antitumor activity. The spectroscopic characteristics of thalifaberine‐type ABI dimers were also analyzed.