bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metallothionein expression and concentrations of copper and zinc are associated with tumor differentiation in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Tashiro‐Itoh Tomoko , Ichida Takafumi , Matsuda Yasunobu , Satoh Tomomi , Sugiyama Motoya , Tanaka Yasuki , Ishikawa Tohru , Itoh Shinichi , Nomoto Minora , Asakura Hitoshi
Published: August 2010

Abstract: Metallothionein is the carrier protein of heavy metal ions, such as copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). In this study, the relationships among immunohistochemical expression of metallothionein, concentrations of Cu and Zn, histological differentiation and proliferative activity of hepatocellular carcinoma were investigated in 51 cases. The concentrations of Cu and Zn in both tumor and non‐tumor tissues were determined using electron probe microanalysis. Immunohistochemical expression of metallothionein in tumor tissues decreased with the degree of differentiation, whereas the number of hepatocytes positive for Ki‐67 increased. Furthermore, the concentrations of Cu and Zn in tumor tissues decreased with the degree of histological differentiation in human hepatocellular carcinoma.
Acute lobular hepatitis as the first manifestation of recurrent autoimmune hepatitis after orthotopic liver transplantation
Authors: Sempoux C. , Horsmans Y. , Lerut J. , Rahier J. , Geubel A.
Published: August 2010

Abstract: Recurrence of autoimmune hepatitis after orthotopic liver transplantation and after reduction in immunosuppressive treatment is reported in a 43‐year‐old man. Diagnosis was based on biological, serological and morphological data, as well as on a complete biological recovery following steroid resumption. Recurrence was observed only 4 months after transplantation, when an abrupt increase in liver function tests was observed in association with a mainly lobular hepatitis in liver biopsy. Such a histological appearance has been previously described in the case of recurrence after immunosuppressive treatment weaning in non‐transplanted patients. In contrast, this histological feature has not been reported in the rare transplanted patients in whom such recurrence has been observed. Thereafter, the evolution of the disease in our patient remained slow, likely dampened by the administration of cyclosporine and azathioprine. Morphological features are detailed, and importance of immunosuppressive therapy in patients transplanted for end‐stage autoimmune hepatitis is emphasized.
Angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma as evaluated by CD34 immunohistochemistry
Authors: Kimura Hiroyuki , Nakajima Tomoki , Kagawa Keizo , Deguchi Takeshi , Kakusui Masamichi , Katagishi Tatsuo , Okanoue Takeshi , Kashima Kei , Ashihara Tsukasa
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT— To clarify the relationship between angiogenesis and hepatocarcinogenesis on progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we quantitatively evaluated angiogenesis by CD34 immunohistochemistry in liver cirrhosis (LC), adenomatous hyperplasia (AH), and HCC, and proliferative activity estimated by Ki‐67 immunohistochemistry. Angiogenesis was evaluated by CD34 immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibody HPCA‐2, and tumor proliferative activity was evaluated using monoclonal antibody MIB‐1. We used an image analysis system to assess the microvessel density as the area percentage of the endothelial area. Angiogenesis was generally observed in HCC and there was no significant difference among all clinical stages and histological grades of HCC. On the other hand, the staining of CD34 was partly observed in sinusoids of AH, although no positive staining was seen in any sinusoids of LC. The proliferative activity was significantly correlated with the clinical stage and histological grade of HCC. Our results indicate that the quantitation of angiogenesis does not provide significant prognostic information in HCC, but that it may have diagnostic value in distinguishing HCC from non‐HCC. Meanwhile, AH, which is not morphologically diagnosed as cancer, shows positive staining for CD34, suggesting that some portion of AH contains cancerous characteristics.
Enhancement of albumin production by hepatocyte growth factor in rat hepatocytes: distinction in mode of action from stimulation of DNA synthesis
Authors: Yamaoka Miho , Mirata Keiichi , Ogata Itsuro , Tomiya Tomoaki , Nagoshi Sumiko , Mochida Satoshi , Fujiwara Kenji
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT— Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been shown to enhance albumin production as well as stimulate DNA synthesis in hepatocytes. The mode of action of HGF in exerting both effects is to be elucidated. We previously observed that hepatocyte proliferation occurred in normal rats given recombinant human HGF (rhHGF) intravenously. When rats received rhHGF similarly, serum albumin levels were significantly increased compared to controls. In primary culture of rat hepatocytes, albumin concentration in culture medium was significantly increased by rhHGF added at 24 h of culture compared to controls, increasing with time of culture. This effect of rhHGF was dose‐related. When actinomycin D was added to the medium, the albumin concentration was reduced in a dose‐related manner, but its enhancement by rhHGF was maintained. Albumin mRNA levels were not increased by rhHGF. When rhHGF was added similarly to the medium, immunocytochemically positive hepatocytes for 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation appeared 30 h later. Of these labeled hepatocytes, 12.5% were concomitantly stained for albumin. In contrast, albumin‐positive hepatocytes were seen in 77% of BrdU‐non‐labeled hepatocytes (p<0.01). We conclude that HGF may enhance albumin production through post‐transcriptional regulation in non‐proliferating hepatocytes, but not in proliferating hepatocytes.
Isolation, culture and characterization of biliary epithelial cells from different anatomical levels of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary tree from a mouse
Authors: Katayanagi Kazuyoshi , Kono Naoko , Nakanuma Yasuni
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT— We developed methods to isolate biliary epithelial cells (BECs) from the gallbladder (GB), common bile duct (CBD), intrahepatic large bile duct (ILBD) and small bile duct (ISBD) of a mouse, simultaneously. ILBD and ISBD were cut from the biliary tree after collagenase perfusion of the liver. BECs from all of these biliary segments were cultured as explants on collagen gel. BECs spread from the explants and formed cellular sheets. Areas of these sheets composed entirely of BECs were cut and placed on other gels as subculture, and this continued for 10 passages. Primary and passage cultured BECs on gel were composed of a monolayer of epithelial cells. Passaged cultured BECs in gel formed a spherical cyst lined by a single epithelial layer. Ultrastructurally, microvilli were dense on the luminal surface, and junctional complex and interdigitation was identifiable on the lateral surfaces. These features were similar in both primary and passaged cultured BECs, irrespective of their anatomical origin. Major histocompatibility complex antigens and intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 were induced on the basolateral cell membranes of primary and passaged cultured BECs, by interferon‐γ. Although several phenotypic, structural and probable biological features of BECs inherent to each anatomical level may be lost after culture on gel, a combination of this method, several immunological modifications in experimental animals, and addition of immunologically active substances to the culture medium will make the immunopathologic analysis of biliary diseases possible.
Nucleoside analogue therapy in fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis – a case report in an HBsAg positive renal transplant recipient
Authors: Brind A. M. , Bennett M. K. , Bassendine M. F.
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT— A 45‐year‐old HBsAg carrier (HBeAb positive with normal liver function tests) underwent renal transplantation for mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis. Sixteen months later he developed jaundice. Investigations showed he remained HBeAb positive, but HBV‐DNA levels were 99 pg/ml, indicating active replication of a HBV pre‐core mutant. He was commenced on lamivudine therapy with a subsequent rapid fall in HBV‐DNA levels to 2.8 pg/ml, but liver function tests continued to deteriorate and he developed hepatorenal failure. Liver biopsy showed fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis. He underwent liver transplantation, which was complicated by lactic acidosis. Lamivudine was withdrawn and HBV prophylaxis with HB immunoglobulin was commenced. Unfortunately he died 38 days post‐transplant of surgical complications with no evidence of HBV recurrence. We discuss the use of nucleoside analogues in fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis and review the literature.
Effects of testosterone suppression on serum levels of hepatitis B surface antigen and HBV‐DNA in men
Authors: Jilma Bernd , Eichler Hans‐Georg , Köppl Carola , Weber Beate , Pidlich Johann P. , Ferenci Peter , Müller Christian
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT— Aims/Background: There is epidemiological evidence that progression of hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐induced liver disease is adversely influenced by male gender. Furthermore, in male transgenic mice, HBsAg levels increase after puberty, resulting in 4‐ to 10‐fold higher HBsAg levels than in female transgenic mice. Castration reduces HBsAg levels by 90–95%, while substitution of testosterone to castrated animals rapidly increases HBsAg concentrations. We hypothesized that suppression of endogenous testosterone levels may have similar effects on HBsAg serum levels in men, as observed in male mice. Methods: To test our hypothesis, we studied the influence of reversible testosterone suppression by the LHRH‐analog triptorelin on serum concentrations of HBsAg and HBV‐DNA. Eight male patients, who were chronically infected with HBV, were studied in a prospective interventional study. Results: Triptorelin decreased serum testosterone levels to castration levels for several weeks. However, this reversible testosterone suppression had no effect on HBsAg or HBV‐DNA serum concentrations (p>0.05). Conclusions: Suppression of endogenous testosterone levels had no effect on HBsAg levels in men, which points to a different regulation of HBsAg expression in men compared with transgenic mice.
Listeria monocytogenes‐associated acute hepatitis in a liver transplant recipient
Authors: Vargas Víctor , Alemán Carmen , De Torres Inés , Castells Lluís , Gavaldá Joan , Margarit Carlos , Esteban Rafael , Guardia Jaime
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT— We report a case of Listeria monocytogenes bacteriemia with liver involvement mimicking acute viral hepatitis in a liver transplant recipient. The patient presented with fever, jaundice and alanine aminotransferase levels ten times the upper limit of normal. Liver biopsy showed signs of acute hepatitis and occasional granulomas. Both blood and liver biopsy cultures were positive for Listeria monocytogenes. The patient received a 3 week course of ampicillin and gentamicin with clinical and biochemical recovery. Liver involvement during Listeria infections is unusual, and most cases occur in patients with underlying hepatic disease and impaired cell‐mediated immunity. To our knowledge only one such case has previously been reported in a liver transplant patient. Furthermore, in the present case we isolated the causal agent from the liver biopsy specimen.
Interferon and thymosin combination therapy in naive patients with chronic hepatitis C: preliminary results
Authors: Moscarella S. , Buzzelli G. , Romanelli R. G. , Monti M. , Giannini C. , Careccia G. , Marrocchi E. M. , Zignegoy A. L.
Published: August 2010

Abstract: Aims/Background: This randomized study was performed to compare the efficacy of interferon‐alpha (IFN‐α) + thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) treatment to that of IFN‐α alone in light of biochemical and virological response of naive patients with chronic hepatitis C. Methods: Seventeen patients were treated with IFN α‐2b (3 million units MU three times a week) + Tα1 (1 mg twice weekly); the other 17 patients received only IFN α‐2b at the same dose. All patients were treated for 6 months and followed up for 12 months. Biochemical (ALT values) and virological (HCV‐RNA) responses to treatment were determined. Results: Combination therapy showed significantly higher efficacy than monotherapy in achieving biochemical and virologic end‐of‐treatment response (p<0.05). At 12 month follow‐up, the sustained biochemical response was slightly greater in patients treated with combination therapy than in those treated with monotherapy. No significant difference in response by HCV‐1b subtype was observed between the two treatment groups; however, HCV‐2c subtype showed a trend to responding better to IFN‐α+Tα1 than to IFN‐α alone. Conclusions: These data suggest that the immune modulator Tα1 may be additive or synergistic with IFN‐α in normalizing end‐treatment biochemical and virological responses in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Higher doses and/or more prolonged courses may improve the sustained response rates to this treatment.
Perforin and granzyme B lytic protein expression during chronic viral and autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Tordjmann Thierry , Soulie Annie , Guettier Catherine , Schmidt Michel , Berthou Christian , Beaugrand Michel , Sasportes Marilyne
Published: August 2010

Abstract: Background: Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and Kupffer cells are essential components of the immune response during liver diseases. Recent studies have highlighted the role of cytotoxic T lymphocytes using Fas and its ligand in induced hepatocyte death during acute and chronic hepatitis. Methods: In the present work, the main purpose was to investigate perforin and granzyme B expression in liver biopsies of patients with chronic hepatitis (10 HBV, 14 HCV and 10 autoimmune hepatitis) using immunohistochemistry. The liver biopsies of two normal individuals were also studied in the same conditions. Results: Few intrahepatic T lymphocytes expressed perforin and granzyme B, while a large number of Kupffer cells were positive for both proteins in all the patients tested. The co‐localization of perforin and granzyme B, and CD3 or CD68 antigens was visualized, respectively, in T cells and Kupffer cells, using confocal microscopy. In situ hybridization assays confirmed that perforin and granzyme B mRNAs were present in the liver during chronic hepatitis. The results were similar among the three groups of patients and whatever the activity of the disease. Perforin and granzyme B expression was lacking in liver samples from normal individuals. Conclusions: These data suggest a minor role for the T cell‐mediated perforin/granzyme B death pathway, and a putative role for Kuppfer cells via lytic protein release, during chronic hepatitis.
TYPE AND COURSE OF THE INFLAMMATORY CELLULAR REACTION IN ACUTE ANGIOTENSIN‐HYPERTENSIVE VASCULAR DISEASE IN RATS
Authors: Olsen Finn
Published: August 2010

The inflammatory cellular reaction in arterioles damaged by acute experimental angiotensin‐hypertension in rats has been examined 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after the termination of the hypertensive period. The cellular reaction was predominantly composed of mononuclear cells derived from the blood. The majority of these cells, which were able to phagocytize, looked like lymphocytes, and the rest like typical monocytes. The cellular reaction began as a sticking phenomenon corresponding to the damaged endothelium followed by a penetration of mononuclear cells into the arteriolar walls. The cells left the walls of the arterioles after having carried out the macrophage function, returning directly to the circulation or penetrating through the arteriolar wall to the connective tissue surrounding the arteriole. A marked periarteriolar cellular infiltration like that seen in cases of chronic hypertensive vascular disease in different experimental animals was produced by prolonging the number of days (from one to four) in which experimental angiotensin‐hypertension was induced. Rats treated with cortisone showed absence of or decreased inflammatory cellular reaction and a 2–3 times slower elimination of fluorescent proteins deposited in the arterioles as compared with that found in controls. The delayed elimination is thought to be caused by the decrease in or lack of cellular reaction.
HISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION OF VARIOUS ENZYMES IN HUMAN FATTY LIVER CAUSED BY MODERATE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION
Authors: Petersen Palle
Published: August 2010

Histochemical examinations including demonstration of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, ATPase, non‐specific esterase and various oxydative enzymes were performed on biopsy specimens from patients with fatty liver caused by moderate alcohol consumption. In the fatty livers degeneration changes was found by demonstrating lysosomal changes by acid phosphatase reaction. By means of non‐specific esterase and oxydative enzyme reactions both degenerating and regenerating cells were found. Lack of enzyme activity in cells and morphological changes in the reaction product of NADH‐diaphorase indicated mitochondrial damage. ATPase and alkaline phosphatase demonstrated the sinusoids and biliary capillaries. Displacement of the biliary capillaries was found in some of the livers presenting fatty degeneration.
DEVELOPMENT AND REGRESSION OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN HAMSTERS AND MICE FED A CHOLESTEROL CHOLIC ACID CONTAINING DIET
Authors: Bergman F. , Juul A. H. , Van Der Linden W.
Published: August 2010

Hamsters and mice were fed during one month with a cholesterol cholic acid containing diet which induces gallstones in mice. In animals on this diet we found, in both species, steatosis of the liver and high serum cholesterol levels. The thyroid gland became hyperplastic in the hamster, but hypoplastic in the mouse. The anterior pituitary gland of the hamster showed an increase of so‐called thyroidectomy cells, not found in the mouse. In the adrenal cortex of both species there was an increase in stainable lipids. Discontinuance of the diet resulted in a rapid return to normal of liver morphology, liver weight and serum cholesterol in the mouse, while the hamster appeared to be unable to free itself from the accumulation of cholesterol. In both species the endocrine glandular changes disappeared. As this was also the case with the hyperplastic changes in the hamster's thyroid gland while its liver remained steatotic, the theory that the thyroid hyperplasia is due to stimulation by the increased metabolic needs of he liver, seems less likely. In both species, the supplemented diet resulted in a decrease of the chenodeoxycholic acid concentration of the bile. This is held to be due to a diminished synthesis of this bile acid as a result of the continuous supply of cholic acid to the liver. The biliary deoxycholic acid concentration rose strinkingly in hamsters, but not in mice, probably because the hamster does not possess the ability of the mouse to reconvert deoxycholic to cholic acid. A fall of the dihydroxy/trihydroxy bile acids ratio was noticed in the mouse, in which species gallstones are eventually formed, whereas this ratio rose in the hamster in which they are not. The apparent disagreement between this finding and earlier results in hamsters in which dissolution of gallstones was accompanied by a drastic shift towards cholic acid, was explained when we gave the diet for a longer period and found that the biliary acids/cholesterol ratio fell to much lower values in the mouse than in the hamster. When the diet was discontinued there was an unexplained rise of the chenodeoxycholic acid concentration in the hamster but not in the mouse.
AUTORADIOGRAPHIC LOCALIZATION OF RABBIT RED CELLS INJECTED INTO THE MOUSE
Authors: Appelgren L. E. , Schildt B. E.
Published: August 2010

Mice were sacrificed at various times after intravenous injection of 51Cr‐tägged rabbit erythrocytes had been given and whole body and micro‐autoradiograms were prepared. On macroscopic examination the radioactivity was found to be localized to the blood and to tissues containing the fixed reticulo‐endothelial system. Micro‐autoradiograms of the liver demonstrated that 51Cr was localized both to the Kupffer cells and to the parenchymal cells. The plausible reasons for this are discussed.
FINE NEEDLE BIOPSY DIAGNOSIS IN NODULAR PULMONARY AMYLOIDOSIS
Authors: Dahlgren Sven E. , Lewenhaupt Arvid , Ovenfors Carl‐Olof
Published: August 2010

Primary isolated nodular pulmonary amyloidosis is a rare condition of unknown aetiology. The disease runs a benign course but offers a diagnostic problem since it often simulates neoplasm. A case is reported in which the initial diagnosis of a suspected squamous cell carcinoma was made on the basis of material obtained by transthoracic needle biopsy. Lobectomy was performed and the histopathological and histochemical examinations gave the diagnosis of amyloidosis. Re‐examination of the aspiration biopsy material demonstrated the possibilities of making a cytological diagnosis of amyloidosis.
THE FIRST MITOTIC WAVE RELEASED AMONG RAT KIDNEY TUBULE CELLS BY PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY
Authors: Saetren H.
Published: August 2010

On the second day after the removal of a part of an adult rat's kidney mass, a mitotic wave is released among the tubule cells of the remaining kidney. This wave proceeds synchronously throughout the cortex and may be followed by a second but much smaller wave on the third day. The removal of increasing amounts of kidney tissue (a half, a whole or a kidney and a half) is paralleled by the release of mitotic waves of growing size. The peak of a larger wave occurs sooner after the resection than that of a smaller wave. The bisection of a kidney initiates more cell divisions than those expected by the diminution of kidney mass alone. This increase of the mitotic wave appears not to be caused by the presence of the transectional wound. As a working hypothesis it is proposed that the bisection leads to a relative increase in blood flow through the diminuted organ, thereby affecting a more effective drainage of growth‐inhibitor(s) and a corresponding enhancement of the mitotic wave. This latter is always preceded by a non‐mitotic period of slightly less than 30 hr. It is proposed that about the first 2/3 of this period may be taken for the inactivation of an organ‐specific growth inhibitor that suppresses the growth of the convoluted tubules of the intact adult rat.
THE IN VIVO DURATION OF THE MITOSIS OF RAT KIDNEY TUBULE CELLS
Authors: Saetren H.
Published: August 2010

The high degree of synchronization of the mitoses produced in the kidney cortex during the second day after the resection of a kidney and a half formed the basis of a method for the estimation of the mitotic time in vivo. The latter was obtained directly as the span of time between the maxima of an early part of the prophase and of late telophase. On an average the mitotic time of the epithelial cells of the convoluted tubules was 44 min.
RHABDOMYOSARCOMA OF THE HEART
Authors: Mäkelä Veikko , Sjögren Anna‐Liisa , Eisalo Antti
Published: August 2010

A case of rhabdomyosarcoma of the right atrium is presented. Fits of dyspnoea and cyanosis, provoked by postural changes, and pulmonary embolism were the most typical symptoms. Abnormal features were: the long history and the unspecific findings at auscultation and x‐ray examination. Histologically the part of the tumour contiguous with the atrial wall was composed of fairly well differentiated rhabdomyoblasts, while the part protruding into the atrium was anaplastic and necrotic. There were multiple pulmonary emboli, which originated from the anaplastic part.
KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION IN THE RABBIT
Authors: Heron Iver
Published: August 2010

A new method for abdominal kidney transplantation in the rabbit is described in detail. For anastomosis the method incorporates the use of a cuff applied directly to the renal vessels. The unavoidable ischaemic periods, are of very short duration and the success rate is very high. The advantages of this method, possible complications, and problems of ureteric function following transplantation are discussed.
IN VITRO ASSAY OF THE EFFECT OF ANTIBACTERIAL TREATMENT OF THE INTESTINAL FLORA ON BONE MARROW CELL PROLIFERATION
Authors: Kivilaakso E. , Rytömaa T. , Niskanen E.
Published: August 2010

Some characteristics of the inhibition in bone marrow cell proliferation due to an artificial suppression of the intestinal flora have been investigated by means of an autoradiography. It appeared that the serum obtained from rats after oral treatment with neomycin sulphate (“neomycin‐serum”) reduced the proportion of the 3H‐thymidine labelled bone marrow cells in vitro by 13.3 ± 3.8 per cent (P < 0.0025) compared to control serum. This inhibition proved to be specific to the granulocytic cells of the bone marrow. In contrast, no effect in the amount or rate of DNA synthesis per cell was observed. It is suggested that the inhibitory effect of the “neomycin‐serum” is mediated by the physiological control mechanisms (the chalone‐antichalone system) of granulocytopoiesis. It is deduced, partly on theoretical grounds, that the inhibition in granulocytopoiesis observed in the present study results from a deficiency of antichalone (the mitotic stimulator of granulocytic progenitor cells) rather than from an excess of chalone (the mitotic inhibitor of granulocytic progenitor cells). The results are considered to support the view that in the homeostasis of granulocyte production, “tissue mass” (cell number) cannot be the sole reference value but that functional demand must also be significant.
AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF ROUS HAMSTER AND RAT SARCOMA CELLS INTERACTING WITH CHICKEN CELLS IN THE CHORIO‐ALLANTOIC MEMBRANE
Authors: Lindberg Lars Göran
Published: August 2010

Rous rat and Rous hamster sarcoma cells were inoculated on the chorio‐allantoic membrane from chickens. The invasively growing sarcoma cells were rapidly “embraced” by mesodermal chorio‐allantoic cells, which later is followed by the death and phagocytosis of the sarcoma cell. In parallel the chicken cells acquire the properties of a virus‐releasing Rous chicken sarcoma cell, and it is suggested from the present observations in the electron microscope that the very intimate contact between the cell membranes of the embracing and the embraced cell is of crucial importance both as regards the transfer of the RSV‐genome and as regards the “cell phagocytosis” process.
MALIGNANT MELANOTIC PROGONOM
Authors: Lindahl Finn
Published: August 2010

The development of a malignant tumour in a stillborn infant is reported. The tumour was localized to the maxilla and metastases to lymph nodes, liver, and adrenal glands were in evidence. By microscopy of the primary tumour the latter was found to be characterized by a sporadic occurrence of pigment; in addition, metastases to the adrenal glands were found to comprise fontana‐positive cells. If these features be related to the localization of the tumour and the age of the patient it seems natural to suggest that it is a matter of a melanotic progonoma although this type of tumour previously has been considered a benign growth.
CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS IN FANCONI ANAEMIA
Authors: Visfeldt Jakob , Mortensen Else
Published: August 2010

Fanconi's aplastic anaemia is reported in a 7‐year‐old child, in whom the diagnosis was verified by chromosome analysis on peripheral blood. The characteristic chromosome aberrations and their specificity are reviewed. The parents and three sibs of the patient presented normal chromosome patterns. It is mentioned that an increased incidence of leukaemia is demonstrated in patients with Fanconi anaemia, and that, in a number of other disorders with chromosome aberrations, an increased tendency to development of malignancy is seen.
ALTERATION OF KARYOTYPIC PROFILES IN HUMAN CANCEROUS EFFUSION FOLLOWING TREATMENT WITH ANTINEOPLASTIC DRUG
Authors: Visfeldt Jakob , Lundwall Finn
Published: August 2010

It is a characteristic feature of human cancerous effusions that the cells show great variation and, in particular, it is generally emphasized that therapy does not exert any influence on the chromosomal constitution of the cancer cells. Selection of a cell line during treatment is stated to occur very infrequently. Such a selection of a cell line with a constant number of chromosomes was demonstrated by repeated chromosome analyses in a patient during chemotherapy. The results of the studies are described, and the practical and theoretical aspects are commented upon. – Alterations in the karyotypic profiles in cancerous effusions during treatment with chemotherapeutic agents will require consideration of changing to another agent.
IN VITRO ASSAY OF THE STIMULATORY EFFECT ON BONE MARROW CELL PROLIFERATION OF SERA TAKEN AFTER CHLORAMBUCIL TREATMENT
Authors: Niskanen E. , Rytömaa T. , Kivilaakso E.
Published: August 2010

After administration of chlorambucil, sera taken after 5, 6, 8 and 9 days were found to increase the incorporation of 3H‐thymidine into bone marrow cells in tissue cultures. In addition, serum taken after 9 days caused stimulation of 3H‐adenine uptake. These changes are like those produced by an antichalone, a factor known to increase cell proliferation. The results paralleled the changes in the number of granulocytes occurring in the bone marrow and in the blood. The stimulation was of the order of about 20 per cent. It seems obvious that chlorambucil does not directly cause the appearance in the serum of a factor promoting bone marrow cell proliferation. It is likely that the phenomenon is due to reduction in the number of the cells.
HISTOCHEMICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF THE CLASSICAL INCLUSION BODY IN NEURONES INFECTED WITH HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS
Authors: Kristensson Krister , Enerbäck Lennart , Sourander Patrick
Published: August 2010

The ultrastructural and histochemical properties of the classical, eosinophilic inclusion bodies in neurones from mice infected with herpes simplex virus were examined. Ultrastructurally the inclusion body was found to consist of finely fibrillary material with a few interspersed virus nucleocapsids. Histochemically they contained small amounts of DNA as demonstrated with the fluorescent Feulgen method. Furthermore they contained strongly basic proteins, probably rich in arginine, responsible for the characteristic eosinophilia. The origin of the inclusions is discussed and it is considered more likely that the proteins and DNA are specified by the virus rather than by the host cell.
CARCINOID SYNDROME AND HYPERINSULINISM
Authors: Aronsen K. F. , Boquist L. , Falkmer S. , Hägerstrand I. , Steiner H. , Studnitz W. Von
Published: August 2010

A 59‐year‐old man with co‐existing carcinoid syndrome and hyperinsulinism is described. The clinical examination revealed multiple tumour foci in an enlarged liver, and a subtotal hepatectomy (800 g) was performed. No primary tumour was revealed. The tumour had a light microscopical picture agreeing with a carcinoid or an insuloma; cytochemically and ultrastructurally most of the tumour cells presented characteristics of an intestinal carcinoid. The evidence of a presence of insulin producing β‐cells in the tumour was rather vague. Biochemically, the tumour tissue showed only a faint insulin‐like activity and a low content of radio‐immunologically measurable insulin. Since the total tumour mass was large, it could, however, not be excluded that production of insulin by some tumour cells may have caused the hyperinsulinism. The possibility of insulin‐releasing substances produced by the tumour cells was also considered possible. A co‐existing islet β‐cell tumour was improbable since both the carcinoid syndrome and the hyperinsulinism disappeared postoperatively.
GROWTH BEHAVIOUR OF HUMAN BRAIN TUMOURS IN MATRIX CULTURES IN FRESH AUTOLOGOUS SERUM
Authors: Holmström Teddy , Saksela Eero , Nyström Stig , Saxén Erkki
Published: August 2010

Eighteen clinically benign and eleven clinically malignant human brain tumours, subdivided into four groups with five fibromatous meningiomas, seven meningotheliomatous meningiomas, six neurinomas and nine gliomas (gr. II–IV) were grown in three‐dimensional matrix cultures in fresh autologous serum. The growth and maintenance of the primary explants were measured microscopically in serial sections and by autorodiography of tritiated thymidine uptake. There was a good correlation between these two parameters, but no statistically significant difference between clinically benign and malignant tumours with respect to their growth potential in the matrix could be demonstrated. The group of clinically benign fibromatous meningiomas had a significantly higher growth potential than the other tumour groups. The morphological differentiation was well maintained in the actual explants and in many cases the outgrowing cells reproduced the original morphology within the lacunae of the matrix.
THE POSSIBLE CARCINOGENIC PROPERTIES OF ALTERED LIPIDS
Authors: Glavind J. , Arffmann E.
Published: August 2010

Methyl oleate, methyl linoleate and a number of derivatives of the two esters, all highly purified, were examined by the newt test. The substances were tested in serial dilutions in order to establish dose‐response relationships. The most active compound was methyl 12‐oxo‐trans‐10‐octadecenoate. The esters of oleate and linoleate hydroperoxide and the corresponding hydroxy‐compounds, obtained by reduction of the hydroperoxides, were also active. Conjugation of the double bonds in linoleic acid gave a weak activity, and the compounds obtained by trans‐isomerization of the double bonds in oleic and linoleic acid were estimated as inactive. The results are discussed in context with previous results. In the evaluation of the newt test as a rapid bioassay for carcinogenicity, inconveniences due to seasonal variations in susceptibility are stressed.
SPECIES SPECIFIC DIFFERENCES IN CONVERTING ENZYME AND IN ANGIOTENSIN I
Authors: Poulsen Knud , Bing Jens
Published: August 2010

The renin‐system of mice, which has previously been shown to have a unique specificity of angiotensinogen, is shown also to differ from that of rat and man as regards its plasma converting enzyme and its angiotensin I. While these species differences are marked in in vitro studies, they cannot be shown by intravenous injection of mouse angiotensin I into rats. The differences between in vitro and in vivo experiments can be due to qualitative or quantitative differences between plasma and lung converting enzyme. There was so far no demonstrable difference between mouse, rat and human angiotensin II, as they reacted in a similar way with antiangiotensin II.
CAUSE OF INCREASED PLASMA ANGIOTENSINOGEN AFTER NEPHRECTOMY
Authors: Bing Jens , Poulsen Knud
Published: August 2010

24 hours after nephrectomy there is an increase in plasma angiotensinogen which is 2 to 3 times increased in unilaterally nephrectomized rats and 5 to 12 times increased in bilaterally nephrectomized rats. In normal rats, DOCA + salt treated rats and renal hypertensive rats, the postnephrectomy changes are about the same, independent of the marked differences in their pre‐operative plasma and renal renin. The postnephrectomy increase in angiotensinogen must therefore be due to loss of some internal factor other than renin or to loss of some external renal function. Both shamoperation and unilateral nephrectomy are followed by a marked decrease in plasma renin, the postoperative fall being more pronounced after removal of a clamped kidney than after removal of a normal.
RENAL TRANSPLANTATION IN RABBITS.
Authors: Lund B. , Jensen O. Myhre
Published: August 2010

Histopathological changes have been studied in 82 specimens from 52 autografts removed from 1 hour to 45 days after transplantation. Discrete lymphocytic infiltrates were found in about 30 per cent of the autografts. Swelling or proliferation of the endothelium in glomeruli and intrarenal vessels was found in about 25 per cent of the grafts, and exudative changes in glomeruli or vessels were seen in about 10 per cent of the autografts. Glomerular microthrombosis occurred in 10 per cent of the grafts, always in connection with recent vascular thrombosis. In conclusion, the same type of histopathological changes described as occurring in the acute allograft reaction may also be found in autografts. The lesions in autografts, however, are inconstant and slight compared with those in allografts. These observations indicate that the kidney graft possesses a reaction pattern which can be activated by non‐immunological as well as by immunological factors.
Primary Hyperparathyroidism In a case of Oxyphilic Adenoma
Authors: Heimann Peter , Hansson Göran , Nilssonl Oiov
Published: August 2010

A 47‐year‐old man with clinical manifestations of hyperparathyroidism was shown to have a parathyroid adenoma which in light‐microscopy chiefly consists of oxyphilic cells and transitional forms of chief cells and oxyphilic cells. Electron‐microscopy shows that the oxyphilic cells contain tightly packed mitochondria and that the transitory cells are rich in mitochondria. In these latter cells there are signs of stimulated protein synthesis. It is probable that these cells produce the excess of parathyroid hormone. Oxyphilic cells would seem to be developed from the chief cells.
HISTOLOGICAL DEMONSTRATION OF A BIPHASIC ACUTE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE TO SUBCUTANEOUS TRANSPLANTS OF EHRLICH'S CARCINOMA
Authors: Hartveit F. , Halleraker B.
Published: August 2010

Following treatment with phenylbutazone the acute inflammatory response to subcutaneous transplants‐of Ehrlich carcinoma cells was shown to be biphasic. It is suggested that both phases of the inflammatory response may be a sequel to immunological lysis of the tumour cells by humoral antibody and complement.
RUPTURE OF THE RIGHT VENTRICLE OF THE HEART IN A CASE OF ADVANCED HEART AMYLOIDOSIS
Authors: Lindberg Jan
Published: August 2010

A case of advanced heart amyloidosis with rupture of the right ventricle is reported.
FLUORODEOXYURIDINE‐INDUCED MALFORMATIONS IN MICE
Authors: Bro‐Rasmussen Frede , Jensen Bente , Hansen Ole Mogens , øStergaard A. Høgsbro
Published: August 2010

At different stages of gestation, 104 mice were treated with fluorodeoxyuridine (FUDR). 34 pregnant mice served as controls. The experimental mice were examined at varying intervals after the FUDR injection. At term, the young exhibited the malformations of the limbs and skull so well‐known after administration of FUDR. In addition, there was an increased number of resorptions. 24 hours after the injection on the 9th—12th day of gestation, vascular dilatations and fresh haemorrhages were found at the sites of predilection of malformations. Foetuses removed 2 or more days after the injections showed characteristic, saccular haematomas in the limbs and tail as well as flat, widespread haematomas in the skull. At increasing intervals after the injections, the haematomas decreased in number and were rarely present in foetuses at term. As the number of haematomas decreased, the number of malformations increased. Daily laparotomies, from the 12th to the 18th day, on 5 mice treated on the 11th day with FUDR revealed extremity haematomas which disappeared on the 13th—18th day. Electron microscopic pilot studies of 2 foetal limbs showed, 24 hours after the injection of FUDR, red blood cells in an extra‐vascular situation. The control mice had 354 normal foetuses and 8 per cent spontaneous resorptions. This study, which was a screening experiment, showed that FUDR induces vascular injury with haemorrhages and formation of haematomas, resulting in congenital malformations. The vascular injuries are interpreted as the primary action of FUDR on the cellular level.
LIMITATIONS OF CHROMOSOME ANALYSIS AS A METHOD FOR BIOLOGICAL DOSIMETRY OF CHRONIC EXTERNAL RADIATION AND OF INTERNAL EXPOSURE TO THERAPEUTIC RADIOPHOSPHORUS
Authors: Visfeldt Jakob
Published: August 2010

A comparison between the results of chromosome analyses from persons exposed to chronic external irradiation and chromosome analyses from patients having received treatment with radiophosphorus shows that chromosome aberrations in the peripheral blood are found in both cases, and that the aberrations are similar. A quantitative correlation between the radiation dose from chronic external exposure and the aberration yield will involve so many unknown parameters that it seems irrelevant. A quantitative determination of the chromosome aberrations can however, when sufficient data have been collected, probably be used for biological dosimetry, provided that the exposure is approximately uniform. A correlation between the amount of radiophosphorus administered and the aberration yield cannot be used for biological dosimetry, at least if the treatment, as is the case in practice, is given discontinuously.
HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN LONG TERM EXPLANTS OF HUMAN LYMPH NODES DURING LYMPHOBLASTOID TRANSFORMATION
Authors: Nilsson N. Kenneth
Published: August 2010

The sequence of events in long‐term cultures in lymph node fragments and in underlying three dimensional matrix of gelatin foam (Spongostan) has been studied histologically. Lymphoid cells together with reticulum‐like cells survived excellently in the periphery of the original lymph node fragments until the time of lymphoblastoid transformation 8 weeks after explantation. The centre of the lymph node became increasingly fibroid from the third week onwards. The Spongostan matrix was gradually converted to an organotypic structure where lymphoid cells survived and proliferated. During week 3–6 after explantation only few lymphoid cells were discharged into the medium. At the same time, however, the number of such cells did not decline within the explant. The diminished release could thus not be explained by increased lymphoid cell death at their source of origin, i. e. the original explant. The findings support that lymphoblastoid cells go through a phase of adaptation within the explant.
THE FREQUENCY OF MALLORY BODIES IN LIVER BIOPSIES FROM CHRONIC ALCOHOLICS
Authors: Christoffersen Per , Nielsen Knud
Published: August 2010

In a material consisting of liver biopsies from 287 consecutive chronic alcoholics Mailory bodies have been found in 29. Of these 18 show cirrhosis and fatty infiltration (corresponding to 44 per cent of the total number of specimens showing cirrhosis and fatty change) and 11 (corresponding to six per cent) show fatty change but no cirrhosis, while Mailory bodies have not been demonstrated in biopsies without fatty change. The incidence of Mailory bodies and alcoholic hepatitis in consecutive materials of liver biopsies from chronic alcoholics appears to be ten and eight cent respectively.
HISTOLOGY OF THE RAT ACHILLES TENDON BEFORE AND AFTER TENDON RUPTURE
Authors: Barfred Troels
Published: August 2010

The Achilles tendon of the rat was studied before, immediately after, and 1–8 days after experimental rupture of the tendon which was induced in wild brown rats. The specimens were stained with haematoxylin‐eosin, alcian blue, and toluidine blue. The tendon ruptures proved to be independent of degenerative changes. Immediately after the tendon rupture very scanty changes were found, in the form of slight fraying between the fibre bundles and a slight increase of the wavy structure. Through the first 24 hours these changes increased. At the same time, disintegration of the individual fibres occurred, with slightly reduced stainability and in places pyknotic nuclei. It is concluded that these findings represent the mildest changes that may be expected in a biopsy specimen from a previously healthy tendon which has been subjected to a purely traumatic subcutaneous rupture. On the basis of the present findings and of previously reported experimental studies, it is concluded that the changes described elsewhere following subcutaneous rupture of the human Achilles tendon have not necessarily been present prior to the rupture. Consequently, the author cannot accept the biopsy findings from human cases as a convincing link in the argumentation that previous degeneration is a necessary condition for subcutaneous rupture of human tendons.
DIPHASIC INCREASE OF VASCULAR PERMEABILITY IN TURPENTINE‐INDUCED INFLAMMATION IN SKIN AND MUSCULATURE OF MICE
Authors: Svanes Knut
Published: August 2010

Inflammation was induced in the abdominal skin and musculature of mice by subcutaneous injection of turpentine. The leakage of serum proteins estimated by the trypan blue technique was found to be diphasic, both in the skin and musculature. The early phase was completed in about 2 hours. The late phase started at about 3 hours and reached a maximum 12 to 16 hours after turpentine injection. However, even at 48 hours considerable dye leakage was present. By means of the colloidal carbon technique, turpentine was found to induce a diphasic labelling of venules in the, skin and musculature, the early phase being slight and short‐lived, the second marked and prolonged. Labelling of capillaries occurred in the panniculus carnosus in the first half hour of inflammation. At 36 and 48 hours capillary labelling occurred in a ringshaped area of the skin. In the musculature capillary labelling occurred in the first 3 hours of inflammation. Tissue necrosis was present in the panniculus carnosus at 14 hours, in the dermis at 24 hours and in the epidermis at 48 hours of inflammation. Necrosis was also present in a thin layer of the musculature close to the abscess wall after 14 hours of inflammation. Inflammatory oedema developed rapidly during the second hour of inflammation and slowly during the following 22 hours. Some relations between protein leakage, vascular carbon labelling, tissue necrosis and oedema formation are discussed.
ADDISON'S ADRENALITIS
Authors: Petri Michael , Nerup Jørn
Published: August 2010

Based on review of the literature and ten cases of our own it is concluded that the specific adrenal lesion in patients with idiopathic Addison's disease is a diffuse lymphocytic adrena‐litis. It is proposed to substitute for the term idiopathic Addison's disease the nameAddison's adrenalitis, since the disease has clinical, immunological and patho‐anatomical features of its own. Adrenal glands from two autopsy series of 413 and 161 cases were investigated for the occurrence of focal lymphocytic adrenalitis. Small numbers of lymphocytes were found in 15 per cent and 18.6 per cent, respectively. Lymphocytic infiltrates which to some extent resembled the infiltrates in focal thyroiditis were found in only 2.4 per cent and 1.8 per cent in the two series. These infiltrates were also very small and the existence of a significant focal lymphocytic adrenalitis seems questionable.
INTERACTION OF TRANSPLANTS OF THE EHRLICH CARCINOMA
Authors: Hartveit F. , Cater D. B.
Published: August 2010

Mice with late intraperitoneal transplants of the Ehrlich carcinoma fail to produce an acute inflammatory response to a subsequent subcutaneous transplant of these cells. It is suggested, on the basis of experiments in mice treated with aggregated gamma globulin, and with zymosan, that lack of complement may be responsible for this failure. Complement is therefore implicated as a mediator of the acute inflammatory response to these tumour cells, without which infiltrative tumour cell growth does not occur. It was also shown that the acute inflammatory response to the subcutaneous injection of turpentine may be divisible into two phases, an early complement dependent stage and a later complement independent one.
DNA‐SYNTHESIS OF LYMPHOCYTES IN REGENERATING LIVER
Authors: Fichtelius K. E. , Kullgren B.
Published: August 2010

There are numerous lymphocytes within the liver. It seems as if part of the recirculation of lymphocytes takes place via the liver itself and its lymph. The functional significance of the lymphocytes of the liver is unknown. The general aim of the present investigations was to gain some more information about the liver lymphocytes. The particular question asked was: Are lymphocytes within the liver stimulated to proliferate simultaneously with the liver cells during liver regeneration? Liver regeneration was induced with C Cl4in mice and DNA synthesis was studied with the aid of H3‐thymidine labelling and autoradiography. The question could be answered affirmatively: Yes, the lymphocytes were stimulated to DNA synthesis either by a humoral factor at a distance, orin situ.The functional significance of the findings are discussed.