Bioaktivitas Campuran Serbuk Daun Gamal dan Buah Sirih Hutan terhadap Serangga Tribolium castaneum Herbst di Penyimpanan
Authors: Amalina Khansa , Susanna Susanna , Hasnah Hasnah 
Published: December 2024

Abstrak. Tribolium castaneum Herbst merupakan serangga hama yang menyerang material dalam bentuk tepung di penyimpanan, bersifat polifag dan kosmopolit. Daun gamal (Gliricidia sepium Jacq.) dan buah sirih hutan (Piper aduncum L.) berpotensi sebagai insektisida nabati yang bersifat fumigant dan sesuai untuk pengelolaan hama di tempat penyimpanan. Minyak atsiri dari kedua tumbuhan tersebut bersifat bersifat repellent, anti oviposisi, ovisida dan dapat menghambat perkembangan serangga dan bersifat toksik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bioaktivitas serta dosis yang efektif dari campuran serbuk daun gamal dan buah sirih hutan dalam mengendalikan hama T. castaneum di penyimpanan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non Faktorial yang terdiri dari 6 taraf perlakuan dengan 4 ulangan sehingga diperoleh 24 unit percobaan. Taraf perlakuan adalah kontrol (tanpa perlakuan), 10g serbuk daun gamal, 10g serbuk buah sirih hutan, 5g Gamal + 5g Sirih hutan, 7,5g Gamal + 2,5g Sirih hutan, dan 2,5g Gamal + 7,5g Sirih hutan dan pada setiap unit percobaan berisi berisi 200g tepung jagung dan volume setiap wadah 1 L. Peubah yang diamati meliputi daya repellent, mortalitas, lama larva muncul, lama F1 muncul, jumlah populasi F1, rata-rata waktu kematian, sex ratio, persentase penghambatan daya reproduksi F1 T. castaneum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi campuran serbuk daun gamal dan buah sirih hutan berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap daya repellent imago T. castaneum, namun berpengaruh nyata terhadap mortalitas imago T. castaneum aplikasi campuran serbuk daun gamal dan buah sirih hutan berpengaruh terhadap mortalitas lama larva muncul, lama F1 muncul, populasi F1, rata-rata waktu kematian imago, sex ratio dan penghambat daya reproduksi F1 T. castaneum. Campuran serbuk daun gamal dan buah sirih hutan bersifat sinergis terhadap daya repellent imago T. castaneum,  namun aplikasi secara campuran angka mortalitasnya lebih rendah.Bioactivity a mixture of leave Gliricidia sepium and fruit Piper aduncum powder as Tribolium castaneum Herbst in storageAbstract. Tribolium castaneum Herbst is an insect pest that attacks powdery materials in storage, is polyphagous and cosmopolite. Gamal leaves (Gliricidia sepium Jacq.) and Forest betel fruit (Piper aduncum L.) have the potential as fumigant plant-based insecticides suitable for pest management in storage. Essential oils from both plants are repellent, anti-oviposition, ovicidal and can inhibit insect development and are toxic. This study aims to determine the bioactivity and effective dose of a mixture of gamal leaf powder and forest betel fruit in controlling T. castaneum pests in storage. This research used a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 6 treatment levels with 4 replications, so there were 24 experimental units. The treatment levels were control (no treatment), 10g gamal leaf powder, 10g forest betel fruit powder, 5g gamal + 5g forest betel fruit, 7.5g gamal + 2.5g forest betel fruit, and 2.5g gamal + 7.5g forest betel fruit and each experimental unit contained 200g corn flour and the volume of each container was 1L. The observed variables included repellent power, mortality, length of larval emergence, length of F1 emergence, number of F1 population, average time of death, sex ratio, percentage inhibition of reproductive power of F1 T. castaneum. The results showed that the application of a mixture of gamal leaf powder and forest betel fruit had no significant effect on the repellent power of  T. castaneum imago, but had a significant effect on the mortality of  T. castaneum imago. The application of a mixture of gamal leaf powder and forest betel fruit had an effect on the mortality of larval emergence time, F1 emergence time, F1 population, average time of death of imago, sex ratio and inhibition of reproductive power of F1 T. castaneum. The mixture of gamal leaf powder and forest betel fruit is synergistic on the repellent power of T. castaneum imago, but the application of the mixture has a lower mortality rate.