bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generalized ‘Useful’ Converse Jensen’s Inequality with Data Illustration
Authors: Dwivedi Pankaj Prasad , Sharma Dilip Kumar
Published: May 2022

In the present communication, we give the converse of generalized ‘useful’ Jensen inequality and show that some recently reported inequalities are simple consequences of those results that have been established for a long time. We also include a new improvement of the proposed inequality of Jensen as well as changes to some associated outcomes, where generalized ‘useful’ converse of the Inequality of Jensen is presented and implementations related to it are given in the theory of information. Finally, it is shown with the help of numerical data that inequalities hold well both for convex and concave functions.
Zero-Valent-Dominant Pyrochlores: Endmember Formula Calculation and Petrogenetic Significance
Authors: Bhattacharjee Sourav , Dey Monojit , Chakrabarty Aniket , Mitchell Roger H. , Ren Minghua
Published: May 2022

The existing classification of pyrochlore group minerals is essentially based on the dominant valence rule. However, coupled heterovalent-homovalent substitutions at the A-, B-, and Y-sites commonly result in charge-imbalanced endmember formulae. The application of the site total charge (STC) method permits the determination of a charge-balanced endmember. Species names are assigned by using the dominant constituent rule. According to the current IMA nomenclature scheme, some previously established pyrochlore species, such as kalipyrochlore, strontiopyrochlore, bariopyrochlore, plumbopyrochlore, ceriopyrochlore, yttropyrochlore, bismutopyrochlore, and uranpyrochlore, are all grouped as zero-valent-dominant pyrochlores, resulting in the loss of petrogenetic information. In this work, the zero-valent-dominant pyrochlores of the pyrochlore group (sensu stricto) are classified into R+-, R2+-, R3+-, and R4+-pyrochlores where the respective cations (R) are the dominant valencies at the A- and Y-sites (for R+-pyrochlores) after vacancies (□) and H2O. The endmember charge arrangements are determined by the STC method to obtain charge-balanced endmember formulae for all possible zero-valent pyrochlore species. It is recommended that suitable adjectival modifiers be used along with the species name to emphasize the abundance of certain cations, which may or may not be reflected in the endmember formula. This approach would facilitate the usage of pyrochlore group minerals for all practical petrological and exploration purposes. It is considered that pyrochlores with significant A-site vacancies do not necessarily reflect formation in a supergene environment, as such pyrochlores can also form in hydrothermal parageneses.
Paraguayan Guaraní and the typology of free affix order
Authors: Dąbkowski Maksymilian
Published: May 2022

Cross-linguistically, affix order is commonly determined by semantic scope (Rice 2006) or a morphological template. Less frequently, affix order is free, which means that suffixes can be reordered without a concomitant change in scope. To address the question of what gives rise to and constrains free affix order (FAO), I present a case study of Paraguayan Guaraní (or PG, Tupí-Guaraní, Paraguay, ISO 639-3: gug). I argue that FAO in PG should be analyzed as driven by prosodic factors. The prosodic analysis has previously been proposed only for Chintang (Bickel et al. 2007). Two major analyses of FAO see the phenomenon as driven by either morphology (e.g. Ryan 2010) or prosody (Bickel et al. 2007). The morphological analysis proposes that FAO is a consequence of free variation within the morphological template. The prosodic analysis models FAO with prosodic subcategorization for phonologically prominent positions. I argue that the two analyses make different predictions as to the preconditions for and the extent of FAO. I show that both the morphological and the prosodic profile of FAO are attested. I propose that FAO in PG is an instance of the latter. Thus, I demonstrate that FAO is not a unified phenomenon, but rather should be typologized as driven by either morphological or prosodic factors.
Facial locations in ASL based on production and perception data
Authors: Miatto Veronica
Published: May 2022

This study tests the phonological distinctiveness of eight facial locations in ASL, with both production and perception experiments. This kind of work is crucial because, due to scarceness of minimal pairs in sign languages, phonemic locations are difficult to determine. Moreover, claims made but not tested by previous theoretic models (Stokoe et al. 1960, Stokoe 1965, Battison et al. 1975, Battison 1978, Friedman 1977, Kegl & Wilbur 1976, Wilbur 1979, Sandler’s 1989, Brentari’s 1998) are here investigated, including whether locations that are predicted to be contrastive are indeed distinct (e.g. ‘chin’ vs ‘mouth’). The specific goal of the first experiment (elicited production) is to determine what are the places of articulation, the aim of the second experiment (perception) is to determine if these places are contrastive.
Re-evaluating Albanian’s place in Indo-European studies
Authors: Dedvukaj Lindon , Gehringer Patrick
Published: May 2022

While Albanian has traditionally been marginalized in Indo-European (IE) studies, this has been due to the extensive borrowing in the Tosk Albanian dialect used by previous literature. However, the Malsia Madhe dialect of Albanian better preserves the phonotactics and lexicon of Proto-Albanian, Proto Illyrian, and Proto-Indo-European. Therefore, Malsia Madhe Albanian should be utilized when discussing the history of Albanian and its place in IE studies.
Some remarks on the history of transfer in language studies
Authors: Ozernyi Daniil M.
Published: May 2022

Transfer is a notion that is pervasive in the modern field of second and third language acquisition. However, the definition of transfer is not easily found. Most of this paper is devoted to a historical overview of the notion of transfer and the changes the definition underwent over the years. At the end of this paper, I sketch a proposal which involves discarding the notion of “transfer” in favor of more computationally efficient options.
Nominative subjects of infinitives in Hungarian subject-control predicates: Postsyntactic copying and the overt realization of PRO
Authors: Kwong Kevin
Published: May 2022

In Hungarian, the focused subject of the infinitival complement of a subject-control verb appears as a pronoun or lexical DP in nominative case. I propose that this nominative form realizes PRO at PF, but does not exist at Syntax, where PRO is caseless. PRO is overtly realized by postsyntactic copying of the phi-feature of case (and other material) from the controlling nominative matrix subject.
Processing profile for quantifiers in verb phrase ellipsis: Evidence for grammatical economy
Authors: Orth Wesley , Yoshida Masaya
Published: May 2022

Quantifier Raising leaves no overt marking to indicate movement has occurred, making the task of identifying when raising has occurred extremely difficult for the parser. Beyond this challenge, evidence from interpretation and judgement studies suggests that raising causes difficulty in processing. These two aspects taken together have led some to suggest that human sentence processor employs a strategy in which the construction of raised structures is avoided, commonly called processing scope economy. This contrasts to the traditional notion of grammatical scope economy, where Quantifier Raising is restricted in the grammar. In this paper we discuss the properties of these two theories. We conclude that the two approaches make different predictions about when raising should occur online, with processing scope economy predicting that the parser avoids raising whenever possible and grammatical scope economy predicting that the parser raises regularly and sometimes produces ungrammatical structures in the process. We then present an experiment which examines complex scope structures in verb phrase ellipsis to observe when penalties related to Quantifier Raising are observed online. We find that penalties appear in configurations where Quantifier Raising would be ungrammatical under grammatical scope economy, suggesting the parser attempts Quantifier Raising in these configurations. This evidence indicates that the parser’s behavior matches the predictions of grammatical scope economy rather than those of processing scope economy.
‘Do’-support in the northern Italian Camuno
Authors: Swinburne Nicola
Published: May 2022

The Camuno dialect uses an auxiliary fa ‘do’ in an interrogative construction that strongly resembles English do-support. Stages of its grammaticalization remain within the different valley dialects. When optional, fa-support (FS) coexists with verb-subject clitic inversion (SCI), e.g fa-la mangià (does she eat) / màngia-la (eats-she)‘l peh da hena? (the fish for supper?) There are semantic restrictions on the type of supported verb: manner > result > state. Questions are pragmatically marked with speaker answer expectations, and are opinion-seeking. A wh-item (normally ‘insitu’) has specific reference. Impersonal questions are agrammatical with optional FS but not obligatory FS. A biclausal model with a lexically rich fa ‘do’ is suggested for optional FS.
The case of fragment answers
Authors: Kodner Jacob
Published: May 2022

This paper investigates the case of bare-(pro)nominal fragment answers, and specifically the issues that arise in analyzing the case of fragment DPs from subject questions. I adopt a middle ground approach between competing theories of nonsententials—namely the Ellipsis Approach (Merchant 2004) and the approach of Direct Interpretation (Barton & Progovac 2005)—and propose fragment DPs to be derived from a null vP. For their case forms, I compare two different theories of case—assignment by functional heads and Dependent Case Theory—and hypothesize that fragment DPs construed as the internal argument are realized in dependent case for nominative-accusative languages. Fragment DPs construed as the external argument would be found in their default case form, which is language-specific. Fragment answer data from English, Korean, and Serbian is used to provide crosslinguistic support for this null vP analysis and discussion of case.
Efficient marking of argument focus: A trade-off between focus particles and word order in Sinhala
Authors: Yoshida Shigeki
Published: May 2022

Colloquial Sinhala has focus concord constructions in which finite verbs with the suffix -e mark argument focus. In such constructions, the focal constituent is optionally marked via a focus particle, via movement to a postverbal (rather than preverbal) position, or via a combination of a focus particle and postverbal position. In this paper, I quantitatively analyze the preferred position of focal constituents marked by the three focus particles =yi, tamaa and tamai, as well as those not marked by any particle. Using data from a news website, I show that marking via a particle and the movement to the postverbal position are not randomly used. Rather, focal constituents marked by a focus particle are less likely to occur preverbally, while those not marked by a particle are more likely to occur postverbally. Moreover, among constituents marked by a focus particle, those marked by the particle =yi are more likely to occur postverbally. Based on these findings, I argue that the positional tendencies of focal constituents can be regarded as efficient marking patterns. When a constituent is marked by a focus particle, it is less likely to occur preverbally because the focal constituent is already explicit and the marking by the position would be redundant. The preference of =yi for the postverbal position does not seem to follow this general tendency until one takes into account that it requires less effort to produce =yi due to its phonological status. With this in mind, the distribution of constituents marked by =yi can also be regarded as an efficient pattern. The discussion in this paper contributes to both the typology of efficiency and the typology of optional focus marking.
A sociophonetic approach to the acquisition of Spanish rhotics in a bilingual community
Authors: Lease Sarah , Marchesi Mariana
Published: May 2022

This study explores Spanish-English bilingual children’s acquisition of Spanish rhotics. The children’s productions are compared to a group of Spanish-English bilingual adults who represent the Spanish spoken in the same community: Albuquerque, New Mexico. In their narrations of a wordless picture-book, both children and adults produce more non-canonical than canonical variants. Binary logistic regressions run on 817 rhotics produced by 21 children, ages 3-9-years-old, and 6 adults demonstrate that non-canonical variants, instead of canonical variants are more likely to occur as Spanish use increases and in word medial position. The results point towards the propagation of a working change in Spanish rhotics that sees both articulatory and sociolinguistic motivations. Implications for research on phonetic-phonological development are also discussed
The nonexistence of the plain bilabial trill phoneme
Authors: Olson Kenneth S.
Published: May 2022

Phonetic studies of bilabial trills in phonemic systems show that they are preceded immediately by an oral stop closure, e.g., /mbʙ, bʙ, pʙ̥/. A plain bilabial trill without a preceding oral stop closure /ʙ/ is not known to occur as an individual phoneme in any language. On the contrary, plain apical /r/ and uvular /ʀ/ trill phonemes that lack a preceding oral stop closure occur in many languages. The nonexistence of /ʙ/ is likely due to the fact that it does not meet the specific aerodynamic conditions necessary for its production (Maddieson 1989). In this paper, I examine a crosslinguistic sample of consonant inventories containing both bilabial and apical trills. I find that these inventories show an implicational tendency: For each phoneme containing a bilabial trill, there is usually a corresponding phoneme containing an apical trill that shares the same values for voicing and prenasalization. These phonemes always include an oral stop closure preceding the trill, and they pattern as obstruents. In addition, these consonant inventories usually include a plain apical trill phoneme (which patterns as a sonorant), but lack a plain bilabial trill phoneme. The most common such inventory (e.g., found extensively in Austronesian) includes three trills /mbʙ, ndr, r/, while larger inventories are found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and South Sudan, e.g., Mangbetu /pʙ̥, bʙ, mbʙ, tr̥, dr, ndr, r/. While a plain bilabial trill does not emerge due to aerodynamic constraints, resulting in a gap in the system, symmetry appears to favor the emergence of bilabial stop-trill phonemes in languages that have corresponding apical stop-trill phonemes.
“Non-linguistic” Browning: Meter and music in “Pietro of Abano”
Authors: Hanson Kristin , Fabb Nigel
Published: May 2022

Sapir (1921) suggests that Robert Browning’s poetry is “non-linguistic” in the way he uses the English language to convey thought. We explore the meter of a much criticized example of his poetry, his “Pietro of Abano” (1880), and conclude otherwise. The poem is in trochaic metre with extensive and systematic catalexis, i.e. unrealized metrical constituents possible only at phrase boundaries. We show that Browning locates phrase and even word boundaries so that they work sometimes for, but also sometimes conspicuously against these requirements, thus drawing attention to them. We also look at one of the poem’s most curious features, a musical score where the poem’s final lines would be expected to be, and note that rather than resolve these issues, it likewise accentuates them. We conclude that Browning’s poem draws attention to linguistic form, thus allying his practice more with Jakobson’s (1960) approach to poetry than Sapir’s.
Arguing against Northern Cities Shift reversal: Counter-shifting in Michigan
Authors: Gehringer Patrick
Published: May 2022

I have analysed the vowels /i, ɪ, ɛ, æ, ʌ, u, ʊ, ɔ, ɑ/ across multiple regions in the state of Michigan. By organizing them by demographics of age, region, population-density, and sex, I identified that the Northern Cities Vowel Shift (NCS) is reversing as indicated in other areas of the Inland North, but its distribution among the demographic categories and the mechanism of reversal are inconsistent across Michigan and the rest of the Inland North. On account of this, I propose that we are not observing a “reversal” of the NCS, but a series of “counter-shifts.”
Italian dialects at the phonology-syntax interface: The case of propagination
Authors: Silvestri Giuseppina
Published: May 2022

In southern Italian dialects propagination, a phonological phenomenon involving vowel alteration via assimilation, is re‑interpreted as a manifestation of the phonology‑syntax interface. Cases of optional occurrence of propagination are linked to distinctive (morpho)syntactic configurations of the Determiner Phrase and, ultimately, to the semantic‑syntactic category of Number. Propagination parallels metaphony in conveying unexpected morphological patterns. More than one phonological phenomenon play a determining role in the grammar of some Italo‑Romance varieties: this calls for an approach that accounts for both the phonological outcomes and the structural configurations.
Successes and shortcomings of phonological accounts of Scandinavian object shift
Authors: Lyskawa Paulina , Sandsted Jade , Visser Eline , Young Nathan , Lundquist Björn
Published: May 2022

Object shift (OS) is a word order phenomenon in Scandinavian languages where under some circumstances the object appears before a sentential adverb. Despite the frequent assumptions that word order is determined in syntax, and despite the link of OS and syntactic phenomena like V2, there is no consensus that OS is a syntactic phenomenon. Particularly, it has been observed that OS targets specifically prosodically weak elements. This motivated recent analyses of OS as a prosodic phenomenon. We focus on two proposals that look for a synchronic motivation for OS in a correlation between its distribution and some prosodic property: (i) Erteschik-Shir et al. (2020) posit that OS is motivated and modulated by prosodic incorporation, and (ii) Hosono (2013) hypothesizes that shifted pronominal objects help facilitate downstep. We identify concrete predictions from both proposals (default prosodic incorporation, and no downstep in unshifted OS-context sentences, respectively) and test them using novel data. The results show that neither of the proposals can be maintained in its original form. In addition to the empirical shortcomings of the prosodic proposals, we explore a missed syntactic generalization regarding the role objecthood plays in OS.
Location, location, location: Anaphor selection in English locative prepositional phrases
Authors: Bryant Shannon
Published: May 2022

This paper presents experimental work on the relative naturalness of subject-oriented reflexives (herself) and pronouns (her) in English locative prepositional phrases (e.g., Michele set a glass next to her/herself). Syntactic approaches to anaphor licensing have tended to focus on the lack of complementarity in such constructions; however, it has long been observed that preferences between forms may depend on verb meaning (change in location vs. perception vs. possession) and spatial relation (+contact vs. -contact), with very strong preferences reported in some cases. This study aims to clarify the extent to which these two factors shape anaphor choice. Results confirm that both play a significant role: reflexives are most natural in the expression of change in location and direct contact, while pronouns pattern oppositely. Importantly, preferences between forms are less stark than those found in constructions where syntactic constraints are assumed to render one form ungrammatical. I suggest that these findings favor a treatment of English anaphora that takes event structure into account.
Arguments for top-down derivations in syntax
Authors: Frank Robert , Kotek Hadas
Published: May 2022

This paper argues for a top-down approach to syntactic structure building, instead of the more popularly assumed bottom-up approach. We present phenomena where properties of a higher structure condition elements or operations in a lower domain. The opposite pattern is, we claim, much rarer and more restricted. This follows from a top-down approach, given the relative time at which elements are integrated into the structure. Bottom-up derivations, in contrast, would naturally lead to opposite predictions. Our goal is not to show that bottom-up theories cannot explain the facts, but rather that a top-down account is more natural and less stipulative.
Tree bahk or 3.0 Bark: Linguistic identity and the sociophonetic variation of rhotics in Gullah Geechee
Authors: McCullough John
Published: May 2022

The current study examines the speech of a Gullah Geechee personality who exhibits conscious shifts between sociolinguistic “styles” when speaking for an outsider audience. Her conscious use of this style shifting indexes specific identities, some for extracommunity consumption and some for demarcation of Gullah Geechee community membership. This ability to shift between lectal levels indicates a high degree of metadiscursive awareness, which is often not shared by the overt prestige status quo. This co-occurrence of style-shifting alongside both a creole continuum and cline of postvocalic r-lessness shows that singular features can co-index larger patterns of sociophonetic and discursive identity formation.
A compositional account of counterfactual conditional clauses in Old Japanese
Authors: Sano Kyoko
Published: May 2022

The paper is concerned with tenselessness of the past tense morpheme in counterfactuals. The question is twofold.  One is why is it the past tense that marks counterfactuality (Iatridou 2000, Ogihara 2000), which indicates anteriority. Another question is why the past tense is tenseless (or “fake tense”) in the counterfactuals.  The previous theories (past tense as modal and past tense as exclusive operator) have not offered answers to these questions.  In this paper, I argue that the conditional clauses originate in temporal adverbial clauses, and therefore it is only natural for the conditionals to be represented by temporal abstracts (Stump 1985). Second, I argue that the temporal abstracts are intensionalized in conditionals and causatives.  This assumption not only provides a compositional analysis for the conditional, causal, and temporal adverbial clauses but also explains the reason why a proposition in the past tense can denote anteriority in the extensional context but counterfactuality (a temporal interval in the possible world) in the intensional context. I support my proposal by presenting data of counterfactuals from Old Japanese. The previous studies show the past tense morpheme is essential to counterfactual interpretation cross-linguistically (Karawani 2014) but I show that it is not a necessity, as counterfactual interpretation originates in the temporal abstract represented by the temporal adverbial clauses. I present four types of temporal clauses from which the counterfactual can be formed: at the time when, whenever (always when), in the circumstance/event that, and and then.  All these temporal clauses can be intensionalized to be conditional or causal clauses under a modal operator.
Tuvan -daa in quantificational noun phrases: Existential or universal?
Authors: Kirby Ian L.
Published: May 2022

This paper characterizes the main functions of the Tuvan particle -daa and proposes a semantic analysis, focusing on its role in Quantificational NPs (QNPs), specifically its role in forming Negative Polarity Items (NPIs) and universal quantifiers.  It is argued that Tuvan -daa QNPs are underlyingly existentials, with these two main readings being derived from recursive exhaustification of the host's alternatives.
Effect of miR-196a2 rs11614913 polymorphism on cancer susceptibility: evidence from an updated meta-analysis
Authors:   Noakhali Science and Technology University, Aziz Md. Abdul , Akter Tahmina , Islam Mohammad Safiqul
Published: May 2022

Review question / Objective: MiR-196a2 rs11614913 polymorphism has been studied in a wide range of cancers throughout the years. Despite a large number of epidemiological studies performed in almost all ethnic populations, the contribution of this polymorphism in cancer risk is still inconclusive. Therefore, this updated meta-analysis was performed to estimate a meticulous correlation between miR-196a2 rs11614913 variant and cancer susceptibility. Condition being studied: Different types of cancer patients and healthy controls were evaluated to detect the cancer risk in the individual case-control studies. We performed a meta analysis of these case control studies to get a pulled outcome risk.
Strength Analysis of the Frame Structure with the Impact Load Between the ASTM A36 And JIS G3101 Materials in the Electric Car E-Falco
Authors: Pranoto Hadi , Darmono Bambang , Widyaputra Gama
Published: May 2022

Designing a vehicle frame, selecting materials and determining the factors of safety and comfort are a very important thing very important. So that the safety of the driver is a concern important when the car has an accident. Research methods used is a simulation using the method finite element. Impact testing modeling mechanism that done is full-width frontal impact. This crash test variation was carried out on the frame structure of the E – Falco electric car. The research compares the two materials to be applied to the frame namely ASTM A36 and JIS G3101 materials. Variation of speed applied to the impact testing of this research is 40 km/hour, 60 km/hour, and 100 km/hour. After the analysis process is carried out, obtained the maximum deformation of the frame on the ASTM A36 material with a speed of 100 km/h is 176.57 mm and at JIS G3101 material is 175.09 mm. The maximum stress value obtained in a frame with ASTM A36 material with a speed of 100 km/hour is 4488 MPa and the JIS material G3101 is 4475 MPa. The maximum strain value obtained frame with ASTM A36 material with a speed of 100 km/hour is 2.46E-02 and the JIS G3101 material is 2.52E-02. The frame with ASTM A36 material has a safety factor of 2.4 and the JIS material G3101 has a safety factor of 3.1.
PREDICTION OF BITCOIN PRICE USING MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology Virudhunagar, India, NIRMALA G , MATHAN S ,   Department of Computer Science, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology Madurai, India., KARTHICK K ,   Department of Computer Science, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology Madurai, India., AKASHRAJA D ,   Department of Computer Science, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology Madurai, India.
Published: May 2022

This project is implemented to predict the Bitcoin price accurately taking into consideration various parameters that affects the Bitcoin value. Bitcoins are put away in an advanced wallet which is essentially similar to a virtual financial balance. it is important to anticipate the estimation of Bitcoin so right venture choices can be made. The cost of Bitcoin doesn’t rely upon the business occasions or mediating government not at all like securities exchange. Most measurable procedures pursue the worldview of deciding a specific probabilistic model that best portrays watched information among a class of related models. Likewise, most AI systems are intended to discover models that best fit information. By gathering information from different reference papers and applying in real time. Each and every project has its own set of methodologies of bitcoin price prediction. Machine learning models can likely give us the insight we need to learn about the future of Crypto currency. It will not tell us the future but it might tell us the general trend and direction to expect the prices to move.
Anti-Sleep Alarm System for Drowsy Driver
Authors:   Assistant. Professor, Sreyas Institute of Engineering and Technology,, Archana P , Pavan kumar M ,   Department of CSE ,Sreyas Institute of Engineering and Technology,, Manikanta K ,   Department of CSE ,Sreyas Institute of Engineering and Technology,, Nithin M ,   Department of CSE ,Sreyas Institute of Engineering and Technology,, Suleman MD ,   Department of CSE ,Sreyas Institute of Engineering and Technology,
Published: May 2022

People's weariness ranges have expanded and their drowsing time has diminished in this fast-paced society. According to many research, weariness is a factor in 20% of all site visitors accidents. In trendy world,a developing variety of jobs need long-term attention. Drivers must preserve a careful eye on the avenue in order to react rapidly to surprising incidents.Many visitors accidents are immediately precipitated by using driver fatigue. As a result, structures that pick out and alert a driver the usage of OpenCV are needed, which may appreciably reduce the incidence of fatiguerelated auto accidents. However, the development of such structures has several challenges, which includes the rapid and accurate evaluation of a driver's fatigue symptoms. The undertaking is a safety alerting system for drowsy drivers.
EFFECT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON WORK PERFORMANCE OF POLICE PERSONNEL IN THOOTHUKUDI DISTRICT
Authors:   Part Time Ph.D Research Scholar, Department of Management. Annamalai University, Chidambaram-608001, Tamilnadu, India., Anilkumar V , Balamurali Dr ,   Department of Management, Annamalai University, Chidambaram-608001, Tamilnadu, India.
Published: May 2022

The personnel of police are regarded as to be one among the highest stressed occupations all over the globe. They are exposed to extreme levels of emotions which arise due to frequent attacks from the terrorists and encounters. They also have the duty of handling varied types of circumstances and hence need highest levels of physical as well as mental aptitude for dealing with the circumstances with firmness and effectiveness. In this context, the current research study has been performed to explore and make analysis of the influence of the emotional intelligence of the police personnel on their performance in work. The study has been done among the police officers in Thoothukudi district. The number of respondents of the study is 100 and the technique used for selecting the respondents is Simple random sampling. The questionnaire is framed for collecting the data for the study purpose. The analysis of the collected data has been performed with the help of regression analysis. It was also reported that emotional intelligence was seen to predict Work Performance of police personals.
Contributions of Sri Lankan and Indian Scholars to Qurānic Studies in Tamil and Arabu- Tamil Languages: An Overview
Authors:   Assistant Professor of Arabic,The New College,Chennai- 600 014, Tamil Nadu, India., Ahamed Zubair Dr. K.M.A
Published: May 2022

In Asia , we find numerous commentaries and translations of the Qur’ān in all Indian and Sri Lankan languages including the Tamil and Arabu-Tamil languages. The following paper is a humble effort to shed light on the commentaries and translations of the Qur’ān written in these languages. The commentaries and translations of the Qur’ān, is the religious field in which the Tamilian scholars engaged their attention. They had religious consciousness while interpreting the Qur’ān. They always relied on the Qurān, the Ḥadīth and the views of the companions of the Prophet while making the interpretation and translation of the Qurān. This article pours light on evaluating Tamilians achievements in uplifting the Islamic studies and to record their contributions as a lesson for the future generations in uplifting the Ummah(Islamic Society).
A Bayesian approach to inference on the variance of lognormal data
Authors: Harvey Justin , van der Merwe Abrie J.
Published: May 2022

Krishnamoorthy, Mathewand Ramachandran (2006) developed a method to draw inference on the mean and variance of one or more lognormal distributions. Their method was based on generalised confidence intervals (frequentist methods). In this article we focus on the variance of the lognormal distribution and implement a Bayesian approach and obtain credibility intervals to compare the performance of four different non-informative prior distributions. This is done by means of various Monte Carlo simulation studies as well as practical examples. The accuracy (coverage) and efficiency (interval length) of some of the Bayesian priors, particularly for the highest posterior density (HPD) credibility intervals will be illustrated in these simulation studies and examples. It can be observed that the frequentist approach is equivalent to the Bayesian approach, when using the Independence Jeffreys prior. Even so, the Bayesian approach offers some additional benefits, namely, through the calculation of the HPD intervals. Hypothesis testing and practical applications are also presented. Further results comparing various estimators of the lognormal variance are derived and evaluated. The usefulness of the Bayesian approach is also illustrated in its ability to easily modify the method to account for the possibility of zero-valued observations. This is something for which there is (to our knowledge) currently no frequentist method available and serves to highlight the usefulness of the Bayesian approach.
Bayesian estimation of P(Y > X) in the two-parameter exponential distribution utilizing an initial guess
Authors: Obeidat Mohammed , Rawshdeh Ayman
Published: May 2022

This paper develops a Bayesian approach to estimate the stress-strength reliability, the probability that one random variable exceeds another. The proposed methodology utilizes an initial guess of this reliability through an informative prior, which constitutes the cornerstone of the model. Emphasis lies on exponentially distributed data, but the proposed method is applicable in a wider range of models with similar form of stress-strength reliability. A Monte Carlo simulation study is conducted to compare the performance of the new estimators with both the Maximum Likelihood and the Shrinkage estimators. The comparison is conducted with respect to the Mean Squared Error (MSE) for different values of the rate parameters of the exponential distribution. The proposed method outperforms the two aforementioned alternative methods. A demonstration is conducted through analyzing a real data set.
On the interchangeability of barrier option pricing models
Authors: Visagie Jaco
Published: May 2022

An important question when modelling option prices is which of the multitude of option pricing models to use. In this paper, the calculation of barrier option prices is considered. These exotic options are found in many financial markets the world over. It is demonstrated numerically that it is possible to replicate (with a high degree of accuracy) the barrier option prices obtained from one model by making use of a different model; these models are referred to as ‘interchangeable’. Tests for the interchangeability of barrier option pricing models are developed and applied. However, the tests developed are not specific to barrier option pricing models and can also be applied to the prices of other exotic options.
Study of the Mass-loss Rate from the Sun
Authors: Michalek Grzegorz , Gopalswamy Nat , Yashiro Seiji
Published: May 2022

We investigate the temporal evolution of the yearly total mass-loss rate (YTMLR) from the Sun through coronal mass ejections (CMEs) over solar cycles 23 and 24. The mass determination of CMEs can be subject to significant uncertainty. To minimize this problem, we have used extensive statistical analysis. For this purpose, we employed data included in the Coordinated Data Analysis Workshop (CDAW) catalog. We estimated the contributions to mass loss from the Sun from different subsamples of CMEs (selected on the basis of their masses, angular widths, and position angles). The temporal variations of the YTMLR were compared to those of the sunspot number (SSN), X-ray flare flux, and the Disturbance Storm Time (Dst) index. We show that the CME mass included in the CDAW catalog reflects with high accuracy the actual mass-loss rate from the Sun through CMEs. Additionally, it is shown that the CME mass distribution in the log-lin representation reflects the Gaussian distribution very well. This means that the CMEs included in the CDAW catalog form one coherent population of ejections that have been correctly identified. Unlike the CME occurrence rate, it turns out that the YTMLR is a very good indicator of solar activity (e.g., SSN) and space weather (e.g., Dst index) consequences. These results are very important, since the YTMLR, unlike the mass loss through solar wind, significantly depends on solar cycles.
New Solar Flare Calcium Abundances with No Surprises: Results from the Solar Maximum Mission Bent Crystal Spectrometer
Authors: Sylwester J. , Sylwester B. , Phillips K. J. H. , Kępa A.
Published: May 2022

The calcium abundance in flare plasmas is estimated using X-ray spectra from the Solar Maximum Mission Bent Crystal Spectrometer (BCS) during the decays of 194 flares (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite, GOES, classifications from B6.4 to X13) occurring between 1980 and 1989. Previous work by Sylwester et al. found that the abundance varied from flare to flare. That analysis is improved on here using updated instrument parameters and by including all calcium lines viewed by the BCS instead of only the resonance line, so greatly enhancing the photon count statistics. The abundance variations are confirmed with the average abundance, A(Ca) (expressed logarithmically with A(H) = 12), equal to 6.77 ± 0.20 for 194 flares (141 of which are new in this study). This range corresponds to factors of between 1.7 and 7.2 larger than the photospheric abundance, and so our results are in line with a “first ionization potential” (FIP) effect whereby low-FIP elements like Ca (FIP = 6.11 eV) have enhanced coronal abundances. The Ca flare abundance is uncorrelated with solar activity indices, but weak correlations are suggested with GOES flare class and duration (larger A(Ca) for smaller and shorter flares). The ponderomotive force theory of Laming explaining the FIP effect gives a range of parameters within which our estimates of A(Ca) agree with the theory. However, this then gives rise to disagreements with previous estimates of the flare silicon and sulfur abundances, although those of argon and iron are in good agreement. Small adjustments of the theory may thus be necessary.
The NuSTAR, XMM-Newton, and Suzaku View of A3395 at the Intercluster Filament Interface
Authors: Tümer Ayşegül , Wik Daniel R. , Gaspari Massimo , Akamatsu Hiroki , Westergaard Niels J. , Tombesi Francesco , Ercan E. Nihal
Published: May 2022

Galaxy clusters are the largest virialized objects in the universe. Their merger dynamics and their interactions with the cosmic filaments that connect them are important for our understanding of the formation of large-scale structure. In addition, cosmic filaments are thought to possess the missing baryons in the universe. Studying the interaction of galaxy clusters and filaments therefore has the potential to unveil the origin of the baryons and the physical processes that occur during merger stages of galaxy clusters. In this paper, we study the connection between A3395 and the intercluster filament with NuSTAR, XMM-Newton, and Suzaku data. Since the NuSTAR observation is moderately contaminated by scattered light, we present a novel technique developed for disentangling this background from the emission from the intracluster medium. We find that the interface of the cluster and the intercluster filament connecting A3395 and A3391 does not show any signs of heated plasma, as was previously thought. This interface has low temperature, high density, and low entropy, thus we suggest that the gas is cooling, being enhanced by the turbulent or tidal “weather” driven during the early stage of the merger. Furthermore, our temperature results from the NuSTAR data are in agreement with those from XMM-Newton and from joint NuSTAR and XMM-Newton analysis for a region with ∼25% scattered light contamination within 1σ. We show that the temperature constraint of the intracluster medium is valid even when the data are contaminated up to ∼25% for ∼5 keV cluster emission.
Statistical Study of the Optimal Local Sources for Cosmic Ray Nuclei and Electrons
Authors: Luo Qing , Qiao Bing-qiang , Liu Wei , Cui Shu-wang , Guo Yi-qing
Published: May 2022

Local sources, such as the Geminga supernova remnant (SNR), may have played an important role in the anomaly of protons, electrons, and anisotropy in past works. In fact, there exist 12 SNRs around the solar system within 1 kpc. One question is whether other SNRs also possibly contribute to the spectra of nuclei and electrons, and explain the special structure of the anisotropy. In this work, under spatial-dependent propagation, we systematically study the contribution of all local SNRs, within 1 kpc around the solar system, to the spectra of nuclei and electrons, as well as the energy dependence of the anisotropy. As a result, only the Geminga, the Monogem, and the Vela SNRs have quantitative contributions to the nuclei and electron spectra, and the anisotropy. Here, the Geminga SNR is the sole optimal candidate and the Monogem SNR is controversial due to the tension of the anisotropy between the model calculation and the observations. The Vela SNR contributes to a new spectral structure beyond TeV energy, hinted by the HESS, the VERITAS, the DAMPE, and the CALET measurements. More interestingly, the electron anisotropy satisfies the Fermi-LAT limit below TeV energy, but rises greatly and reaches 10% at several TeV. This novel structure will shed new light on verifying our model. We hope that the new structure of the electron spectrum and anisotropy can be observed by the spaceborne DAMPE and HERD, and the ground-based HAWC and LHAASO experiments in the near future.
Potential Habitability as a Stellar Property: Effects of Model Uncertainties and Measurement Precision
Authors: Tuchow Noah W. , Wright Jason T.
Published: May 2022

Knowledge of a star’s evolutionary history combined with estimates of planet occurrence rates allows one to infer whether a star would be a good target in a search for biosignatures, and to quantify this intuition using long-term habitability metrics. In this study, we analyze the sensitivity of the biosignature yield metrics formulated by Tuchow & Wright to uncertainties in observable stellar properties and to model uncertainties. We characterize the uncertainties present in fitting models to stellar observations by generating a stellar model with known properties and adding synthetic uncertainties in the observable properties. We scale the uncertainty in individual observables and observe the effects on the precision of properties such as stellar mass, age, and our metrics. To determine model uncertainties, we compare four well-accepted stellar models using different model physics and see how they vary in terms of the values of our metrics. We determine the ability of future missions to rank target stars according to these metrics, given the current precision to which host star properties can be measured. We show that obtaining independent age constraints decreases both the model and systematic uncertainties in determining these metrics and is the most powerful way to improve assessments of the long-term habitability of planets around low-mass stars.
Assessing ecosystem condition at the national level in Hungary - indicators, approaches, challenges
Authors: Tanács Eszter , Bede-Fazekas Ákos , Csecserits Anikó , Kisné Fodor Lívia , Pásztor László , Somodi Imelda , Standovár Tibor , Zlinszky András , Zsembery Zita , Vári Ágnes
Published: May 2022

The availability of robust and reliable spatial information on ecosystem condition is of increasing importance in informing conservation policy. Recent policy requirements have sparked a renewed interest in conceptual questions related to ecosystem condition and practical aspects like indicator selection, resulting in the emergence of conceptual frameworks, such as the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting - Ecosystem Accounting (SEEA-EA) and its Ecosystem Condition Typology (ECT). However, while such frameworks are essential to ensure that condition assessments are comprehensive and comparable, large-scale practical implementation often poses challenges that need to be tackled within stringent time and cost frames.

We present methods and experiences of the national-level mapping and assessment of ecosystem condition in Hungary. The assessments covered the whole country, including all major ecosystem types present. The methodology constitutes four approaches of quantifying and mapping condition, based on different interpretations of naturalness and hemeroby, complemented by two more using properties that ‘overarch’ ecosystem types, such as soil and landscape attributes. In order to highlight their strengths and drawbacks, as well as to help reconcile aspects of conceptual relevance with practical limitations, we retrospectively evaluated the six mapping approaches (and the resulting indicators) against the indicator selection criteria suggested in the SEEA-EA. The results show that the various approaches have different strengths and weaknesses and, thus, their joint application has a higher potential to address the specific challenges related to large-scale ecosystem condition mapping.
Festive Spaces and Patriotic Sociabilities in the Letters of Rachel Charlotte Biggs and Helen Maria Williams
Authors: Page-Jones Kimberley , Léonard-Roques Véronique
Published: May 2022

Cet article traite des écrits épistolaires de Helen Maria Williams et de Rachel Charlotte Biggs, deux voyageuses anglaises qui se sont rendues en France au cours de la Révolution française et sous la Terreur. L’analyse porte, à travers les représentations de l’espace des fêtes civiques, sur deux approches antithétiques des idéaux révolutionnaires : la première est constituée par les Letters Written from France (1790) et les Letters Containing a Sketch of the Politics of France (1795) de Williams, poétesse républicaine, et la seconde par A Residence in France (1796) de Biggs, pamphlétaire loyaliste. Comme Mona Ozouf et Lynn Hunt l’ont montré, lors des festivités révolutionnaires, le choix et l’aménagement des lieux et leur relation à la nature furent soigneusement pensés afin de susciter chez les participants des sentiments de fraternité et d’unité, comme pour donner forme à une nouvelle sociabilité, inclusive et organique. Influencées par certains modèles esthétiques comme par des théories physiologiques, les deux autrices se montrent aussi attentives aux festivités en elles-mêmes qu’aux effets que ces scènes de sociabilité provoquent sur les participants ou sur leurs lecteurs. D’ordre littéraire et sociologique, leurs témoignages sur le cadre matériel et l’esthétique des fêtes civiques constituent une analyse précieuse des liens sociaux noués lors des spectacles conçus sous la Révolution.
Storytelling to Engage Staff Nurses in Continuing Education: A Proven Approach
Authors: Walter Lora
Published: May 2022

Engaging staff nurses in continuing education can be challenging for nursing professional development specialists (NPDSs). Storytelling enables NPDSs to engage staff nurses who are resistant to learning. A personal story told by a nurse educator was used to engage 180 nurses in a mandatory staff development session. This story is an excellent example. The next three Teaching Tips columns will provide more tips for NPDSs to understand the various types of stories, how to construct stories, and how to present stories in an effective way.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2022;53(5):200–202.]