bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of blood-based biomarkers for staging liver fibrosis in chronic liver disease: A systematic review supporting the AASLD Practice Guideline
Authors: Patel Keyur , Asrani Sumeet K. , Fiel Maria Isabel , Levine Deborah , Leung Daniel H. , Duarte-Rojo Andres , Dranoff Jonathan A. , Nayfeh Tarek , Hasan Bashar , Taddei Tamar H. , Alsawaf Yahya , Saadi Samer , Majzoub Abdul Mounaem , Manolopoulos Apostolos , Alzuabi Muayad , Ding Jingyi , Sofiyeva Nigar , Murad Mohammad H. , Alsawas Mouaz , Rockey Don C. , Sterling Richard K.
Published: March 2024

Background and Aims:

Blood-based biomarkers have been proposed as an alternative to liver biopsy for noninvasive liver disease assessment in chronic liver disease. Our aims for this systematic review were to evaluate the diagnostic utility of selected blood-based tests either alone, or in combination, for identifying significant fibrosis (F2-4), advanced fibrosis (F3-4), and cirrhosis (F4), as compared to biopsy in chronic liver disease.

Approach and Results:

We included a comprehensive search of databases including Ovid MEDLINE(R), EMBASE, Cochrane Database, and Scopus through to April 2022. Two independent reviewers selected 286 studies with 103,162 patients. The most frequently identified studies included the simple aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index and fibrosis (FIB)-4 markers (with low-to-moderate risk of bias) in HBV and HCV, HIV-HCV/HBV coinfection, and NAFLD. Positive (LR+) and negative (LR−) likelihood ratios across direct and indirect biomarker tests for HCV and HBV for F2-4, F3-4, or F4 were 1.66–6.25 and 0.23–0.80, 1.89–5.24 and 0.12–0.64, and 1.32–7.15 and 0.15–0.86, respectively; LR+ and LR− for NAFLD F2-4, F3-4, and F4 were 2.65–3.37 and 0.37–0.39, 2.25–6.76 and 0.07–0.87, and 3.90 and 0.15, respectively. Overall, the proportional odds ratio indicated FIB-4 <1.45 was better than aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index <0.5 for F2-4. FIB-4 >3.25 was also better than aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index >1.5 for F3-4 and F4. There was limited data for combined tests.

Conclusions:

Blood-based biomarkers are associated with small-to-moderate change in pretest probability for diagnosing F2-4, F3-4, and F4 in viral hepatitis, HIV-HCV coinfection, and NAFLD, with limited comparative or combination studies for other chronic liver diseases.
[It] Does Harden a Person Working in Such a Stressful Environment: U.S. Correctional Nurses Share Spillover Effects of Their Work
Authors: Keller Elizabeth , Boch Samantha , Davis Kermit G. , Gillespie Gordon L. , Hittle Beverly M.
Published: March 2024

Background

The United States makes up 4.4% of the world's population but nearly a quarter of the world's incarcerated population. Despite caring for nearly 2 million incarcerated persons and managing their unique needs, little is known about how this work spills over and affects the nurses who work in correctional settings.

Study Objective

This descriptive study aimed to (a) examine write-in answers regarding correctional nurse perceptions of how their work impacts their health and their home lives and (b) explore correctional nurse responses for how to improve the work environment to better support their well-being.

Method

The researchers compiled and analyzed qualitative data from a cross-sectional study where U.S. correctional nurses (N = 270) completed an online survey. Manifest content analysis was used to analyze optional write-in data.

Results

Approximately 41% (n = 111) of participants answered qualitative questions. Participants were primarily White (77.3%) and non-Hispanic or Latino (88.7%), working in prisons (65.8%), and employed by the state (63.8%) as registered nurses (70%). Three major themes emerged: (a) “personal impact”: increased stress and burnout, overwhelming work hours, and emotional and physical effects; (b) “social relationships and family impacts”: withdrawn, strained homelife, and uncertainty; and (c) “need for change”: improved staffing, reduced mandatory overtime, and better support from management.

Conclusions

Correctional organizations may consider ways to support the well-being of their nurses through adequate staffing, flexible scheduling, decreased mandatory overtime, and hiring effective nurse managers as key members of the correctional team.
The Impact of Trauma-Sensitive Yoga on Persons Who Are Incarcerated: Identifying, Understanding, and Controlling Emotions
Authors: Collica-Cox Kimberly , Day George J. , Bennett Alicia , Maruszewski Cameron
Published: March 2024

Background

While persons who are incarcerated have high rates of previous trauma, further traumatization can result from the experience of incarceration. The inability to effectively process trauma can lead to maladaptive behavior, a serious concern for correctional administrators. Acquiring the skills to regulate emotions and mitigate feelings of impulsivity help persons who are incarcerated take responsibility for their actions to make better decisions, simultaneously encouraging prosocial behavior, decreasing institutional misconduct, and reducing behaviors that place one at risk for repeated involvement in the criminal justice system.

Purpose

Trauma-sensitive yoga (TSY) is one correctional intervention that can effectively address misconduct issues. Yet, the specific impact of TSY on populations who are incarcerated has not been empirically investigated.

Methods

A mixed-methods study, utilizing pretest and posttest interviewing, was conducted with male residents in a New York jail who completed a 4-week TSY program.

Results

Data indicated that those who participated in TSY experienced statistically significant improvements in self-esteem, self-control, resilience, institutional conduct, self-efficacy, and emotion regulation. Qualitative data also indicated high levels of connectivity with other TSY class participants.

Implications

This research implies that cost-effective interventions like TSY have the ability to produce beneficial outcomes within a short time, which is integral to furthering rehabilitative efforts within the transient nature of the jail setting.
Effect of Cardiorespiratory Fitness Level on Physiological Responses and Task Performance During a High-Rise Firefighting Task
Authors: Stevenson Richard Daniel Mark , Warwick Joseph , Bilzon James Lee John
Published: March 2024

Objectives

To determine the impact of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on physiological and performance outcomes during a 120-m vertical high-rise ascent in firefighters with CRF levels at or above (higher-fit) and below (lower-fit [LF]) the national recommended minimum physical employment standard (V˙O2max 42.3 mL·kg−1·min−1).

Methods

Twenty-eight firefighters completed two high-rise firefighting trials (continuous and discontinuous ascent with predetermined 1-minute rest breaks). Task time, heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion, core body temperature, and thermal comfort were recorded at predetermined elevations.

Results

Task time was significantly longer in both trials for the LF group. Ratings of perceived exertion and thermal comfort were also significantly higher in the LF group, with three times more LF firefighters being unable to complete the ascent without sounding their low-air alarm.

Conclusions

Higher CRF improves performance and efficiency during stair-climbing in simulated high-rise firefighting tasks.
Association Between Physical Activity and Mental Health in Health Professionals in the Context of the Pandemic
Authors: Bernhard Joana Carolina , Tornquist Luciana , Marques Clândio Timm , Peroza Luis Ricardo
Published: March 2024

Objective

The aim of the study was to verify the association between physical activity (PA) and mental health among health professionals in southern Brazil.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study with 101 workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health and PA were assessed using the questionnaires. The association of PA with stress was tested by linear regression, and anxiety and depressive symptoms by Poisson regression.

Results

The stress was inversely associated with individuals who performed some PA (β: −3.53;95% CI: −6.63;−0.44) and who met the PA recommendations (active) (β: −6.84;95% CI: −12.44;−1.24). Workers who performed some PA (PR: 0.76;95% CI: 0.67;0.86) and were active (PR: 0.75;95% CI: 0.60;0.93) were less likely to have severe symptoms of anxiety. For depression, workers who performed some PA (PR: 0.81;95% CI: 0.71;0.92) and were active (PR: 0.69;95% CI: 0.54;0.88), the probability was also smaller.

Conclusions

The practice of PA was inversely associated with symptoms of stress, depression, and anxiety.
Age-related and cancer-related sarcopenia: is there a difference?
Authors: Bozzetti Federico
Published: March 2024

Purpose of review

The aim of this review is the attempt to differentiating the pathophysiologic and clinical features of the aging-related sarcopenia from cancer-related sarcopenia. In fact, there is some controversy among the experts mainly regarding two points: is always sarcopenia, even that aging-related one, the expression of a generalized disease or may exist independently and without major alteration of the muscle function? Are always aging-related and cancer-related sarcopenia completely separated entities?

Recent findings

Literature shows that sarcopenia, defined as simple skeletal muscle mass loss, may range from a mainly focal problem which is common in many healthy elderly people, to a component of a complex multiorgan syndrome as cancer cachexia. Disuse, malnutrition and (neuro)degenerative processes can account for most of the aging-related sarcopenias while systemic inflammation and secretion of cancer-and immune-related molecules play an additional major role in cachexia.

A multimodal approach including physical exercise and optimized nutritional support are the key measures to offset sarcopenia with some contribution by the anti-inflammatory drugs in cancer patients. Results are more promising in elderly patients and are still pending for cancer patients where a more specific approach will only rely on the identification and contrast of the key mediators of the cachectic process.
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: latest opinions on epidemiology, rapid diagnosis and management
Authors: Nyasulu Peter S. , Doumbia Cheick Oumar , Ngah Veranyuy , Togo Antieme Combo Georges , Diarra Bassirou , Chongwe Gershom
Published: March 2024

Purpose of review

This review addresses the escalating global challenge of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Sub-Saharan Africa, with a focus on its complex comorbidity with HIV/AIDS. Emphasizing the urgency of the issue, the review aims to shed light on the unique healthcare landscape shaped by the convergence of high prevalence rates and intersecting complexities with HIV/AIDS in the region.

Recent findings

A notable increase in MDR-TB cases across Sub-Saharan Africa is attributed to challenges in timely diagnoses, treatment initiation, and patient treatment defaulting. The literature underscores the critical need for proactive measures to address diagnostic and treatment gaps associated with MDR-TB, particularly concerning its comorbidity with HIV/AIDS.

To effectively manage MDR-TB and its co-morbidity with HIV/AIDS, proactive screening programs are imperative. The review highlights the necessity of active follow-up strategies to ensure treatment adherence and reduce default rates, offering evidence-based insights for improved disease management in the region.
Ferroptosis and oxidative stress in endometriosis: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Ni Chenghong , Li Dingheng
Published: March 2024

Background:

Endometriosis (EMT) a common gynecological condition in women, an inflammatory disease characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue on organs and tissues in the pelvis, and is mainly associated with chronic pelvic pain and infertility. As the etiology has not been fully elucidated, current treatment is limited to surgery, hormones and painkillers, with more side effects and difficulty in achieving long-term relief. Oxidative stress manifests itself as an overproduction of reactive oxygen species, which has an integral impact in the pathology of female reproductive disorders. In this review, we evaluate the mechanisms of iron overload-induced oxidative stress and ferroptosis in EMT and their pathophysiological implications.

Methods:

Because the etiology has not been fully elucidated, current treatments are limited to surgery, hormones, and painkillers, which have many side effects and are difficult to achieve long-term relief.

Results:

We interpreted that antioxidants as well as ferroptosis inducers show promising results in the treatment of EMT, but their application in this population needs to be further investigated.

Conclusion:

In combination with the interpretation of previous studies, it was shown that iron overload is present in the peritoneal fluid, endometriotic lesions, peritoneum and macrophages in the abdominal cavity. However, the programmed cellular ferroptosis associated with iron overload is resisted by endometriotic foci, which is critical to the pathophysiology of EMT with local iron overload and inflammation.
Efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with advanced or metastatic sarcomas after prior chemotherapy: A meta-analysis
Authors: Li Wenxia , Liu Liwen , Liang Zhanpeng , Lai Huiqin , Wu Jiaming , Zhang Huatang , Fang Cantu
Published: March 2024

Background:

Sarcoma is a heterogeneous malignancy arising from interstitial tissue. Anthracycline-based therapy is the first-line treatment recommended by guidelines for patients with locally advanced or metastatic unresectable sarcoma. Recently, targeted therapies, in particular tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), have made significant progress in the treatment of sarcoma, and their efficacy has been investigated in randomized controlled trials. The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the efficacy of TKIs in patients with advanced or metastatic sarcoma who have previously received chemotherapy.

Methods:

We completed a meta-analysis after conducting literature searches in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane. The single-drug, placebo-controlled, randomized controlled clinical trials of TKIs in patients with advanced or progressive sarcoma who have previously received chemotherapy are available for inclusion in the study. The observation results were objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). The subgroup analysis was performed according to histological subtypes of sarcoma.

Results:

This study included 6 studies, including 1033 patients. The ORR (OR: 7.99, 95% CI: 3.62–19.61, P < .00001), DCR (OR: 2.54, 95% CI: 1.27–5.08, P = .009), PFS (HR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.34–0.62, P < .00001), and OS (HR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.67–0.96, P = .02) of patients treated with TKIs were better than those in the placebo group.

Conclusions:

In patients with advanced sarcoma, TKIs have been shown to have advantages in terms of ORR, DCR and PFS and OS. Multi-targeted TKIs may be considered as one of the second-line treatment options for sarcoma patients who have received prior chemotherapy.
Establishment of Golgi apparatus-related genes signature to predict the prognosis and immunotherapy response in gastric cancer patients
Authors: Liu Rui , Chu Weiwei , Liu Xiaojin , Hong Jie , Wang Haiming
Published: March 2024

The Golgi apparatus plays a crucial role in intracellular protein transportation, processing, and sorting. Dysfunctions of the Golgi apparatus have been implicated in tumorigenesis and drug resistance. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic and treatment response assessment value of Golgi apparatus-related gene (GARGs) features in gastric cancer patients. Transcriptome data and clinical information of gastric cancer patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Cox regression analysis was employed to assess the prognostic significance of GARGs and construct risk features. The immune landscape, drug sensitivity, immune therapy response, gene expression patterns, and somatic mutation characteristics were analyzed between different risk groups. A nomogram model for predicting gastric cancer prognosis was developed and evaluated. Among 1643 GARGs examined, 365 showed significant associations with gastric cancer prognosis. Five independent prognostic GARGs (NGF, ABCG1, CHAC1, GBA2, PCSK7) were selected to construct risk features for gastric cancer patients. These risk features effectively stratified patients into high-risk and low-risk groups, with the former exhibiting worse prognosis than the latter. Patients in the high-risk group displayed higher levels of immune cell infiltration, while the expression levels of NGF, CHAC1, GBA2, PCSK7 were significantly correlated with immune cell infiltration. Notably, the low-risk group exhibited higher sensitivity to epothilone.B, metformin, and tipifarnib compared to the high-risk group. Moreover, patients in the low-risk group demonstrated greater responsiveness to immune therapy than those in the high-risk group. In terms of biological processes and KEGG pathways related to immunity regulation, significant suppression was observed in the high-risk group compared to the low-risk group; meanwhile cell cycle pathways exhibited significant activation in the high-risk group. Furthermore, the low-risk group exhibited a higher tumor mutation burden compared to the high-risk group. The risk features derived from GARGs, in conjunction with age, were identified as independent risk factors for gastric cancer. The nomogram incorporating these factors demonstrated improved performance in predicting gastric cancer prognosis. Our study established risk features derived from GARGs that hold potential clinical utility in prognostic assessment and immune therapy response evaluation of gastric cancer patients.
Spontaneous uterine rupture with amniotic sac protrusion during the third trimester of a unicornuate uterus pregnancy: A rate case report
Authors: Yin Yin , Wang Linlin , Shi Zhihong , Ma Yuxin , Yina Juan
Published: March 2024

Rationale:

Uterine rupture is an obstetrical emergency associated with severe maternal and fetal mortality. It is rare in the unscarred uterus of a primipara.

Patient concerns:

A 25-year-old woman in her 38th week of gestation presented with slight abdominal pain of sudden onset 10 hours before. An emergency cesarean section was done. After surgery, the patient and the infant survived.

Diagnoses:

With slight abdominal pain of clinical signs, ultrasound examination showed that the amniotic sac was found in the peritoneal cavity with a rupture of the uterine fundus.

Interventions:

Uterine repair and right salpingectomy.

Outcomes:

After surgery, the patient and the infant survived. The newborn weighed 2600 g and had an Apgar score of 10 points per minute. Forty-two days after delivery, the uterus recovered well.

Lessons:

Spontaneous uterine rupture should be considered in patients even without acute pain, regardless of gestational age, and pregnancy with abdominal cystic mass should consider the possibility of uterine rupture.
Efficacy of bone ring grafts for the reconstruction of alveolar ridge deficiencies: A systematic review. Part I: Clinical trials
Authors: Zhao Ruimin , Wang Yi , Lin Huijing , Cao Min , Xu Xu , Yuan Zhenfei , Gong Jiaming
Published: March 2024

Background:

Bone ring (BR) grafts have been introduced to reconstruct alveolar ridge defects with simultaneous implant placement, but its clinical effectiveness remains undetermined. This systematic review aimed to comprehensively investigate BR grafts in diverse scenarios of ridge defect with simultaneous or staged implant placement.

Methods:

Electronic retrieval of MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library(CENTRAL), Web of Science, Scopus, and citation search until August 3, 2023, was used to identify relevant clinical articles that utilized BR grafts for ridge defect reconstruction. The quality of evidence in the studies reviewed was assessed with the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool. The protocol was registered in Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42023453943).

Results:

Fourteen studies with 251 BRs were identified, of which 8 studies were for alveolar ridge augmentation, 4 studies were for extraction socket augmentation, and 2 studies were for sinus floor elevation. Reported sources of BRs included autografts, allografts, and xenografts. The follow-up period ranged from 4 months to 4.7 years. Regarding the primary outcomes, the utilization of BR grafts demonstrated favorable bone gain along with acceptable graft absorption and marginal bone loss. Regarding the secondary outcomes, satisfactory bone mineral density and implant stability were confirmed, accompanied by a recorded incidence of postoperative complications (20 cases) and an implant failure rate of 5.58%.

Conclusions:

BR grafting with simultaneous or staged implant insertion is an effective approach for reconstructing alveolar ridge deficiencies. The BR grafts demonstrate favorable bone remodeling and osteointegration with the alveolar bone and implant; however, its success may be compromised by complications. Future studies should further investigate the clinical efficacy of BR grafting comparing to other bone augmentation techniques in diverse scenarios.
Complementary and alternative medicine: A narrative review of nutritional approaches for cancer-related fatigue
Authors: Li Meng , Zhang Yue , Liu Jimin , Zhang Dong
Published: March 2024

Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a common symptom among patients with cancer, with a prevalence of >49%. CRF significantly affects the quality of life of patients and may also affect their overall survival. Pharmacological interventions serve as a last resort after carefully weighing the risks and benefits, with limited benefits for patients, many side effects, and adverse reactions. Compared to traditional medicine, nutritional approaches have fewer side effects, are highly accepted by patients, and do not affect the antitumor treatment of patients. Many studies have shown that nutritional approaches, as a form of complementary and alternative medicine, help improve the symptoms of CRF and the quality of life of patients. This study was designed to examine nutritional approaches to CRF and assess their effectiveness of nutritional approaches in improving CRF. We present an overview of clinical trials investigating nutritional approaches for CRF that have been published over the last 2 decades. A total of 33 records were obtained from 3 databases: Web of Science, MEDLINE, and PubMed. Some nutritional approaches, such as melatonin, PG2, and S-adenosyl-l-methionine, are potential options for CRF treatment. However, the trials included in the review varied widely in quality, most were weak in methodology, and there is currently insufficient evidence to conclude with certainty the effectiveness of nutritional approaches in reducing CRF. Therefore, the design and methods used in future complementary and alternative medicine trials should be more rigorous.
The efficacy of Kinesio taping in patients with post-stroke dysphagia: A meta-analysis
Authors: Li Xiaomei , Cai Hejia , Tang Ke , Li Fangcun
Published: March 2024

Background:

Dysphagia, or swallowing dysfunction, is a commonly observed complication among stroke patients, which has been associated with increased mortality rates. The treatment of post-stroke dysphagia encompasses various therapeutic approaches, and Kinesio taping has recently emerged as a potentially effective intervention. This study aims to evaluate the potential benefits of Kinesio Tape in improving dysphagia symptoms in individuals who have experienced a stroke.

Methods:

his study searched PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Wanfang Medical Database, CBM, CNKI, and Wipro VIP databases. Randomised controlled trials on the effect of intraosseous patches on the recovery of swallowing function in stroke patients were collected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The search was conducted from from the date of database construction to June 2, 2023. Included trials were assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Meta-analyses were performed using ReviewerManager 5.4.1, and publication bias tests were performed using stata17.

Results:

A total of 12 randomized controlled trials consisting of 724 patients were included in the analysis. The results showed that the effective rate of Kinesio taping [RR = 1.27, 95% CI (1.16, 1.39), P < .00001], swallowing function score [MD = 0.78, 95% CI (0.45, 1.11), P < .00001], and quality of life score for patients with swallowing disorders [MD = 21.68, 95% CI (8.47, 36.90), P = .001] were all superior to those of the controls.

Conclusion:

Kinesio taping have been shown to improve swallowing function and nutritional status in patients with dysphagia in the pharyngeal phase.
Network pharmacology and molecular docking to explore the mechanism of a clinical proved recipe for external use of clearing heat and removing dampness in the treatment of immune-related cutaneous adverse events
Authors: Chen Shuyi , Yu Rui , Zhao Fangmin , Sun Lin , Yin Yudan , Zhang Gaochenxi , Chen Qunwei , Shu Qijin
Published: March 2024

Immune-related cutaneous adverse events (ircAEs) will undermine the patients’ quality of lives, and interrupt the antitumor therapy. A clinical proved recipe for external use of clearing heat and removing dampness (Qing-Re-Li-Shi Formula, hereinafter referred to as “QRLSF”) is beneficial to the treatment of ircAEs in clinical practice. Our study will elucidate the mechanism of QRLSF against ircAEs based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. The active components and corresponding targets of QRLSF were collected through traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database. GeneCards, online Mendelian inheritance in man, and pharmacogenomics knowledgebase were used to screen the targets of ircAEs. The intersecting targets between drug and disease were acquired by venn analysis. Cytoscape software was employed to construct “components-targets” network. Search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes/proteins database was applied to establish the protein–protein interaction network and then its core targets were identified. Gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analysis was performed to predict the mechanism. The molecular docking verification of key targets and related phytomolecules was accomplished by AutoDock Vina software. Thirty-nine intersecting targets related to QRLSF against ircAEs were recognized. The analysis of network clarified 5 core targets (STAT3, RELA, TNF, TP53, and NFKBIA) and 4 key components (quercetin, apigenin, luteolin, and ursolic acid). The activity of QRLSF against ircAEs could be attributed to the regulation of multiple biological effects via multi-pathways (PI3K-Akt pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, JAK-STAT pathway, chemokine pathway, Th17 cell differentiation, IL-17 pathway, TNF pathway, and Toll-like receptor pathway). The binding activities were estimated as good level by molecular docking. These discoveries disclosed the multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway characteristics of QRLSF against ircAEs, providing a new strategy for such medical problem.
The reporting quality of randomized controlled trials in pharmacotherapy for pituitary adenomas
Authors: Yan Hongmei , Wang Daiyan , Zhao Yujing , Miao Junjie , Wang Zhe
Published: March 2024

Background:

Medical therapy has become an increasingly important intervention owing to improvements in the multidisciplinary care for pituitary adenomas (PAs). This study aimed to assess the reporting quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on PAs pharmacotherapy.

Methods:

RCTs evaluating the efficacy of pharmacotherapy in PAs published in English between January 1, 1974, and December 31, 2022, were searched for and collected from PubMed and MEDLINE. The 2010 Consolidated Standards for Test Reports (CONSORT) statement-based 28 items overall quality score (OQS) was used to evaluate the overall quality of each report.

Results:

Twenty-seven related RCTs including 1816 patients were retrieved. The median OQS score was 12 (range, 6–19) on a scale of 0 to 28. Important items, such as background, objectives, participants, interventions, and outcomes, were sufficiently reported in 100% (27/27) of the articles. Statistical methods were adequately described in 93% (25/27) of patients. However, RCTs underreported identification as randomized trials in the title (3/27, 11%), sample size, allocation concealment, implementation, ancillary analysis method, and Diagram and Ancillary analyses (1/27, 4%). The OQS of published RCTs has significantly increased since 2010 (P = .012). The multivariate final model showed significant associations between higher OQS and publication since 2010 and enrollment of more than 100 patients.

Conclusions:

The overall reporting quality of RCTs on pharmacotherapy in PAs was poor, based on the 2010 CONSORT statement. However, we noticed an improvement in the OQS over the years and identified the factors associated with a better report. Increased effort is necessary to raise awareness of these issues among writers, readers, reviewers, and editors.
Technical feasibility and safety of the alternative snare technique using a 0.018-inch guide wire and 5-French catheter for double-J ureteral stent removal
Authors: Lim Ye Won , Oh Chang Hoon , Lee Hyo Jeong , Cho Soo Buem , Kim Myung Soo
Published: March 2024

To evaluate the technical feasibility of the alternative snare technique using a 0.018-inch guide wire and 5-French (Fr) catheter for double-J ureteral stent (DJUS) removal. In this retrospective study, 11 DJUS were removed in 9 consecutive patients between July 2023 and October 2023. We evaluated patient characteristics, DJUS characteristics, and procedure characteristics. Out of 11 cases, 8 (72.7%) were successful in removing the DJUS using the alternative snare technique without major complications. The average time between DJUS insertion and removal was 47.4 ± 50.0 days. The most common DJUS size was an 8-Fr, with proximal tips predominantly in the proximal ureter and renal pelvis. The mean procedure time for successful cases was 15.2 ± 16.8 minutes. Three failed cases, attributed to obstructions like debris, were later successfully addressed using the ALN inferior vena cava filter removal kit, forceps, and modified snare technique. The alternative snare technique using a 0.018-inch guidewire and Fr catheter is safe and effective in cases of DJUS removal.
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) with multiple different onset forms of frequent recurrent attacks: A case report and literature review
Authors: Wu Siting , Zhao Ning , Sun Tingting , Cui Fang , Sun Xianli , Lin Jiacai
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is one kind of monogenic hereditary small-vessel disease in the brain caused by mutations in the NOTCH3 gene. However, it is rare for CADASIL to recur with different clinical manifestations in 1 patient, and some atypical clinical manifestations can easily lead to misdiagnosis by clinical physicians.

Case concern:

A 34-year-old male presented with transient speech disorder accompanied by weakness in the left side of the body for 1 day in June 2020. Magnetic resonance imaging showed acute ischemic infarction in right centrum semiovale, along with multiple abnormal white matter hyperintensities in the brain. Genetic sequencing identified a heterozygous mutation in the NOTCH3 gene. The patient experienced recurrent episodes in 2021 and 2023, with varying clinical symptoms including visual blurring, abnormal limb sensation, and sudden cognitive dysfunction.

Diagnosis:

The diagnoses of CADASIL is based on clinical manifestations, imaging results, and genetic reports.

Intervision and outcomes:

The patient was received symptomatic treatment including antiplatelet aggregation therapy, lipid regulation, and plaque stabilization, resulting in improved symptoms.

Outcomes:

During the course of the disease, after medication treatment and rehabilitation exercise, the patient clinical symptoms have significantly improved. Currently, the patient is closely following up and regularly undergoing relevant examinations.

Lessons:

In this rare case, we found that CADASIL can recur multiple times in a patient with different clinical symptoms, which can easily lead to clinical misdiagnosis. Clinicians should consider the possibility of CADASIL in young patients with sudden typical neurological dysfunction.
Exploring the intersection: Peptic ulcers and hemolysis—Unraveling the complex relationship
Authors: Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi , Obeagu Getrude Uzoma
Published: March 2024

This paper investigates the intriguing relationship between peptic ulcers and hemolysis, 2 seemingly distinct medical conditions, aiming to unravel their potential interconnections and clinical implications. While traditionally studied in isolation, recent evidence has surfaced suggesting possible links and shared mechanisms between these conditions. This paper explores the underlying pathophysiological associations, shared risk factors, diagnostic challenges, management strategies, and implications for clinical practice and health policy. The interplay between peptic ulcers and hemolysis stems from shared inflammatory pathways, notably attributed to Helicobacter pylori infection in peptic ulcers, which might trigger systemic inflammatory responses contributing to hemolysis. Common risk factors including genetic predispositions, autoimmune disorders, and medication use (such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are implicated in the development of both peptic ulcers and hemolytic conditions, suggesting a potential convergence of these disorders in affected individuals. Diagnostic considerations pose challenges, as overlapping symptoms and laboratory findings may complicate accurate differentiation between peptic ulcers and hemolysis. Recognizing the potential interplay between peptic ulcers and hemolysis holds significant implications for clinical practice and health policy. Streamlining diagnostic algorithms, fostering interdisciplinary collaborations, and developing tailored guidelines are pivotal in optimizing patient care. Continued research efforts, collaborative clinical approaches, and informed health policies are essential in advancing our understanding and enhancing patient care for individuals navigating the intersection of peptic ulcers and hemolysis.
Development and Evaluation of Messages for Reducing Overscreening of Breast Cancer in Older Women
Authors: Schoenborn Nancy L. , Gollust Sarah E. , Schonberg Mara A. , Pollack Craig E. , Boyd Cynthia M. , Xue Qian-Li , Nagler Rebekah H.
Published: March 2024

Background:

Many older women are screened for breast cancer beyond guideline-recommended thresholds. One contributor is pro-screening messaging from health care professionals, media, and family/friends. In this project, we developed and evaluated messages for reducing overscreening in older women.

Methods:

We surveyed women ages 65+ who were members of a nationally representative online panel. We constructed 8 messages describing reasons to consider stopping mammograms, including guideline recommendations, false positives, overdiagnosis, and diminishing benefits from screening due to competing risks. Messages varied in their format; some presented statistical evidence, and some described short anecdotes. Each participant was randomized to read 4 of 8 messages. We also randomized participants to one of 3 message sources (clinician, family member, and news story). We assessed whether the message would make participants “want to find out more information” and “think carefully” about mammograms.

Results:

Participants (N=790) had a mean age of 73.5 years; 25.8% were non-White. Across all messages, 73.0% of the time, participants agreed that the messages would make them seek more information (range among different messages=64.2%–78.2%); 46.5% of the time participants agreed that the messages would make them think carefully about getting mammograms (range =36.7%–50.7%). Top-rated messages mentioned false-positive anecdotes and overdiagnosis evidence. Ratings were similar for messages from clinicians and news sources, but lower from the family member source.

Conclusions:

Overall, participants positively evaluated messages designed to reduce breast cancer overscreening regarding perceived effects on information seeking and deliberation. Combining the top-rated messages into messaging interventions may be a novel approach to reduce overscreening.
DNP-Authored Articles in Peer-Reviewed Journals 2011-2021
Authors: Cortez Susan E. , Balevre Park S. , Schroetter Shay A. , Tully Salena , Bridgers Susan
Published: March 2024

Background:

With an increasing number of doctor of nursing practice (DNP) graduates, the volume of peer-reviewed journal publications among DNP-prepared nurses is rising.

Purpose:

The primary aim of this study was to quantify, analyze, and categorize DNP-authored peer-reviewed journal publications.

Methods:

A descriptive research design was used to analyze DNP-authored peer-reviewed journal publications in the WorldCat, EBSCO Discovery Service, and PubMed databases from 2011 through 2021.

Results:

The 3839 journal publications included at least one DNP-prepared nurse author. There were 2495 (65%) publications with a DNP first author, 921 (24%) with a DNP solo author, and 2918 (76%) included publication collaboration. The majority of publications were practice- (40%), nursing- (17%), and education-focused (15%). Science translation in evidence-based practice and quality improvement publications accounted for 24%.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrates the proliferation of DNP-authored peer-reviewed journal publications, which may indicate an increase in the number of nursing care quality initiatives occurring in the clinical setting.
Cardiovascular Health in Black and Latino Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: McCarthy Margaret M. , Del Giudice Inés , Wong Agnes , Fletcher Jason , Dickson Victoria Vaughan , D’Eramo Melkus Gail
Published: March 2024

Background

The incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) among U.S. adults has been rising annually, with a higher incidence rate in Black and Hispanic adults than in Whites. The American Heart Association (AHA) has defined cardiovascular health according to the achievement of seven health behaviors (smoking, body mass index [BMI], physical activity, diet) and health factors (total cholesterol, blood pressure, fasting glucose). Optimal cardiovascular health has been associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease, and awareness of this risk may influence healthy behaviors.

Objectives

This study aimed to assess cardiovascular health in a sample of Black and Hispanic adults (age: 18–40 years) with T2DM and explore the barriers and facilitators to diabetes self-management and cardiovascular health.

Methods

This was an explanatory sequential mixed-method design. The study staff recruited adults with T2DM for the quantitative data followed by qualitative interviews with a subsample of participants using maximum variation sampling. The seven indices of cardiovascular health as defined by the AHA’s “Life’s Simple 7” were assessed: health behaviors (smoking, BMI, physical activity, diet) and health factors (total cholesterol, blood pressure, A1C). Qualitative interviews were conducted to explore their results as well as the effects of the pandemic on diabetes self-management. Qualitative and quantitative data were integrated into the final analysis phase.

Results

The majority of the sample was female, with 63% identifying as Black and 47% as Hispanic. The factor with the lowest achievement of ideal levels was BMI, followed by a healthy diet. Less than half achieved ideal levels of blood pressure or physical activity. Themes that emerged from the qualitative data included the impact of social support, the effects of the pandemic on their lives, and educating themselves about T2DM.

Discussion

Achievement of ideal cardiovascular health factors varied, but the achievement of several health factors may be interrelated. Intervening on even one factor while providing social support may improve other areas of cardiovascular health in this population.
I-Poems: A Window Into the Personal Experiences of Family Caregivers of People Living With Advanced Cancer
Authors: Weiss Charlotte R. , Johnson-Koenke Rachel , Sousa Karen H.
Published: March 2024

Background

To date, there is little understanding of how caring during advanced cancer can be a transformational experience for personal becoming for family caregivers (FCGs). FCGs experience personal becoming as they create their own meaning of health and illness and choose patterns relating to the self-identity of the past while reaching forward into the unknowns. Gaining greater insight into a potentially positive aspect of cancer caregiving can contribute to family caregiver well-being and quality of life.

Objective

This paper identifies I-Poems within cancer caregiver narratives and explores them for themes of personal becoming. The narrative environment created space for FCGs to construct and share their voices; at the same time, the analytic method of poetic inquiry provided the voice of the FCGs to be seen, heard, and contextually explored.

Methods

As a secondary analysis, we used five cancer caregiver narrative texts obtained from the primary study to create individual I-Poems. Each of the I-statements within the cancer caregiver narrative texts was lifted and repositioned into a poem format while retaining the chronological order and voice of the participant. We then explored the I-Poems for converging themes of personal becoming as emerged from the primary narrative—thematic analysis.

Results

I-Poems were created from each of the five participants caregivers’ narratives and then explored for themes of personal becoming. Each of the participant stories is briefly introduced, followed by their I-Poem. We found that the I-Poems converged with emergent themes and provided a first-person representation of their caring journey and transformation of being.

Discussion

I-Poems are a postmodern form of poetic inquiry that can be used alongside thematic analysis to explore personal meaning of caring for someone with advanced cancer and how FCGs experience personal transformation of self. While we found I-Poems to be a meaningful and useful form of analysis for some narrative data, we propose an evolved genre of poetic inquiry—We-Poems—to be used in dyadic nursing research and with FCGs who are in partnered relationships.
Cell-Free DNA Screening for Single-Gene Disorders
Authors: Goodhue Brighton S. , Danity Sky E. , Vora Neeta , Kuller Jeffrey A. , Grace Matthew R.
Published: March 2024

Importance

In pregnancy, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) represents short fragments of placental DNA released into the maternal blood stream through natural cell death. Noninvasive prenatal screening with cfDNA is commonly used in pregnancy to screen for common aneuploidies. This technology continues to evolve, and laboratories now offer cfDNA screening for single-gene disorders.

Objective

This article aims to review cfDNA screening for single-gene disorders including the technology, current syndromes for which screening may be offered, limitations, and current recommendations.

Evidence Acquisition

Original research articles, review articles, laboratory white papers, and society guidelines were reviewed.

Results

Cell-free DNA screening for single-gene disorders is not currently recommended by medical societies. There may be a role in specific circumstances and only after comprehensive pretest counseling. It can be considered in the setting of some fetal ultrasound anomalies, and usually only after diagnostic testing is offered and declined.

Conclusions

Given the limitations of using cfDNA screening for single-gene disorders, caution is recommended when considering these tests. It should only be offered with involvement of a reproductive genetic counselor, medical geneticist, or maternal fetal medicine specialist to ensure comprehensive counseling and appropriate utilization.

Target Audience

Obstetricians and gynecologists, family medicine physicians

Learning Objectives

After completing this reading, learners should be able to describe how laboratories have expanded cfDNA screening beyond common aneuploidy screening; explain the differences between disorders caused by aneuploidy, copy number variants, and single-gene changes; identify patient populations that may be at increased risk for single-gene disorders and the limitations of cfDNA screening for the disorders; and discuss when to refer a patient to a genetic counselor or maternal fetal medicine specialist if a patient requests cfDNA screening for a single-gene disorder.
COVID-19 pandemic–related emotional, social, and medical concerns of Latino patients with cancer: perspectives of mental health providers
Authors: Costas-Muñiz Rosario , Montaña Maria F. , Ruda-Santolaria Lourdes , Sanchez-Ramirez Jose C. , Torres-Blasco Normarie , Castro-Figueroa Eida , Esenarro Loida , Galindo-Vazquez Oscar , Bergerot Cristiane , Claros Maria , Narang Bharat , Finik Jackie , Gany Francesca , Breitbart William
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

Latino people with cancer might face additional health, emotional, and socioeconomic burdens of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:

This study included data from two waves of (independent) assessments with providers of mental health services to Latino/Hispanic people with cancer from the United States, Spain, and Latin America (first wave: May–July 2020; second wave: March–July 2021) who completed a cross-sectional online survey with open-ended and closed-ended questions, including concerns of people with cancer with/without COVID-19.

Results:

The response rates were 15% for Wave 1 (N = 88) and 14% for Wave 2 (N = 115). For Wave 1, 74 surveys were completed by clinicians and included in the analyses; for Wave 2, 115 surveys were included. Providers (first [77%] and second [84%] waves) reported that most patients had concerns about stress/symptoms of anxiety, followed by concerns about COVID-19 exposure (first [74%] and second [82%] waves) and family members' exposure (second wave 75%), hospital visits or appointments (82%, 79%, respectively), treatment/testing delays (69%, 72%, respectively), general health (58%, 71%, respectively), and income/salary loss or reduction (60%, 50%, respectively). According to providers, concerns of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 included fear of death and dying, spreading the disease, getting worse, and lack of appropriate medical care.

Conclusion:

Our findings reveal the need to address health, emotional, and socioeconomic burdens of the COVID-19 pandemic throughout Latin America, Spain, and the United States for Latino people with cancer. Interventions targeting the health care access, emotional, and socioeconomic needs of Latino people with cancer are warranted.