bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Niche overlap with an exotic competitor mediates the abundant niche‐centre relationship for a native lady beetle
Authors: Petersen Matthew J. , Losey John E.
Published: March 2024

Aim

The abundant niche‐centre hypothesis has been used to describe patterns of species abundance relative to position in ecological niche space. Such relationships, however, are inconsistently recovered and may be obscured due to non‐equilibrium distributions, such as those caused novel interactions with exotic species. Here, we explore patterns of fitness for the nine‐spotted lady (Coccinella novemnotata) following the introduction of an exotic competitor, the seven‐spotted lady beetle (C. septempunctata). We examine how niche overlap between species may be causing a range reduction for C. novemnotata through a modified abundant niche‐centre relationship.

Location

North America.

Methods

We applied a time‐oriented view of the abundant niche‐centre relationship for C. novemnotata, both before and after the introduction of C. septempunctata. We tested for both niche overlap and correlation between C. novemnotata body size (i.e. fitness) and the distance from its niche centroid relative to the invasion status of C. septempunctata.

Results

The current niche space currently occupied by C. novemnotata is equivalent to its historic niche but has shifted to avoid overlap with C. septempunctata. A historic abundant niche‐centre relationship with larger individuals closer to the niche centroid was observed for C. novemnotata. However, this pattern changed to have smaller beetles near the niche centroid when the current distribution was considered.

Main Conclusions

Fitness patterns displayed by C. novemnotata are effectively described by the abundant niche‐centre hypothesis. However, this relationship was modified with the introduction of C. septempunctata. Coccinella novemnotata is not excluded from previously suitable areas that correspond to niche space nearest to its niche centroid. Abundant niche‐centre relationships may provide strong predictions of species' fitness across a species geographic range; however, these relationships may be obscured by novel pressures resulting in non‐equilibrium states.
Drought influences habitat associations and abundances of birds in California's Central Valley
Authors: Goldstein Benjamin R. , Furnas Brett J. , Calhoun Kendall L. , Larsen Ashley E. , Karp Daniel S. , de Valpine Perry
Published: March 2024

Aim

As climate change increases the frequency and severity of droughts in many regions, conservation during drought is becoming a major challenge for ecologists. Droughts are multidimensional climate events whose impacts may be moderated by changes in temperature, water availability or food availability, or some combination of these. Simultaneously, other stressors such as extensive anthropogenic landscape modification may synergize with drought. Useful observational models for guiding conservation decision‐making during drought require multidimensional, dynamic representations to disentangle possible drought impacts, and consequently, they will require large, highly resolved data sets. In this paper, we develop a two‐stage predictive framework for assessing how drought impacts vary with species, habitats and climate pathways.

Location

Central Valley, California, USA.

Methods

We used a two‐stage counterfactual analysis combining predictive linear mixed models and N‐mixture models to characterize the multidimensional impacts of drought on 66 bird species. We analysed counts from the eBird participatory science data set between 2010 and 2019 and produced species‐ and habitat‐specific estimates of the impact of drought on relative abundance.

Results

We found that while fewer than a quarter (16/66) of species experienced abundance declines during drought, nearly half of all species (27/66) changed their habitat associations during drought. Among species that shifted their habitat associations, the use of natural habitats declined during drought while use of developed habitat and perennial agricultural habitat increased.

Main Conclusions

Our findings suggest that birds take advantage of agricultural and developed land with artificial irrigation and heat‐buffering microhabitat structure, such as in orchards or parks, to buffer drought impacts. A working lands approach that promotes biodiversity and mitigates stressors across a human‐induced water gradient will be critical for conserving birds during drought.
Consensus statements on endoscopic ultrasound‐guided tissue acquisition. Guidelines from the Asian Endoscopic Ultrasound Group
Authors: Chong Charing Ching‐Ning , Pittayanon Rapat , Pausawasdi Nonthalee , Bhatia Vikram , Okuno Nozomi , Tang Raymond Shing‐Yan , Cheng Tsu‐Yao , Kuo Yu‐Ting , Oh Dongwook , Song Tae Jun , Kim Tae Hyeon , Hara Kazuo , Chan Anthony Wing‐Hung , Leung Howard Ho Wai , Yang Aiming , Jin Zhendong , Xu Can , Lakhtakia Sundeep , Wang Hsiu‐Po , Seo Dong‐Wan , Teoh Anthony Yuen‐Bun , Ho Lawrence Khek‐Yu , Kida Mitsuhiro
Published: March 2024

Objectives

This consensus was developed by the Asian EUS Group (AEG), who aimed to formulate a set of practice guidelines addressing various aspects of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided tissue acquisition (EUS‐TA).

Methods

The AEG initiated the development of consensus statements and formed an expert panel comprising surgeons, gastroenterologists, and pathologists. Three online consensus meetings were conducted to consolidate the statements and votes. The statements were presented and discussed in the first two consensus meetings and revised according to comments. Final voting was conducted at a third consensus meeting. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system was adopted to define the strength of the recommendations and quality of evidence.

Results

A total of 20 clinical questions and statements regarding EUS‐TA were formulated. The committee recommended that fine‐needle biopsy (FNB) needles be preferred over conventional fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) needles for EUS‐TA of subepithelial lesions. For solid pancreatic masses, rapid on‐site evaluation is not routinely recommended when FNB needles are used. For dedicated FNB needles, fork‐tip and Franseen‐tip needles have essentially equivalent performance.

Conclusion

This consensus provides guidance for EUS‐TA, thereby enhancing the quality of EUS‐TA.
Proportions and characteristics of interval cancer in annual fecal immunochemical test screening and postcolonoscopy colorectal cancer: Results from a Japanese multicenter prospective study using questionnaires, the C‐DETECT study
Authors: Sekiguchi Masau , Kishida Yoshihiro , Ikematsu Hiroaki , Konno Maki , Mizuguchi Yasuhiko , Hotta Kinichi , Imai Kenichiro , Ito Sayo , Takada Kazunori , Shiomi Akio , Yasui Hirofumi , Tsukamoto Shunsuke , Hirano Hidekazu , Kobayashi Nozomu , Saito Yutaka , Inaba Atsushi , Shinmura Kensuke , Konishi Jun , Ozawa Heita , Fujita Shin , Murakami Yoshitaka , Matsuda Takahisa
Published: March 2024

Objectives

There are several types of colorectal cancer (CRC) according to the detection methods and intervals, including interval CRC (iCRC) and postcolonoscopy CRC (PCCRC). We aimed to examine their proportions and characteristics.

Methods

We conducted a multicenter prospective study using questionnaires in Japan (“C‐DETECT study”), in which differences in CRC characteristics according to detection methods and intervals were examined from consecutive adult patients. Because the annual fecal immunochemical test (FIT) was used in population‐based screening, the annual FIT‐iCRC was assessed.

Results

In total, 1241 CRC patients (1064 with invasive CRC) were included. Annual FIT‐iCRC (a), 3‐year PCCRC (b), and CRC detected within 1 year after a positive FIT with noncompliance to colonoscopy (c) accounted for 4.5%, 7.0%, and 3.9% of all CRCs, respectively, and for 3.9%, 5.4%, and 4.3% of invasive CRCs, respectively. The comparison among these (a, b, c) and other CRCs (d) demonstrated differences in the proportions of ≥T2 invasion ([a] 58.9%, [b] 44.8%, [c] 87.5%, [d] 73.0%), metastasis ([a] 33.9%, [b] 21.8%, [c] 54.2%, [d] 43.9%), right‐sided CRC ([a] 42.9%, [b] 40.2%, [c] 18.8%, [d] 28.6%), and female sex ([a] 53.6%, [b] 49.4%, [c] 27.1%, [d] 41.6%). In metastatic CRC, (a) and (b) showed a higher proportions of BRAF mutations ([a] [b] 12.0%, [c] [d] 3.1%).

Conclusions

Annual FIT‐iCRC and 3‐year PCCRC existed in nonnegligible proportions. They were characterized by higher proportions of right‐sided tumors, female sex, and BRAF mutations. These findings suggest that annual FIT‐iCRC and 3‐year PCCRC may have biological features different from those of other CRCs.
The quality of first‐year dental students' cognitive structures and the factors that influence it
Authors: Sadki Asmaâ , Mateu‐Ramis Séverine , Leloup Gaëtane , Frenay Mariane
Published: March 2024

Introduction

In health professions education, it is widely recognised that concept mapping helps students organise their knowledge. This study aimed to investigate the quality of first‐year dental students' cognitive structures and the factors that influence it. Two approaches (qualitative and descriptive) to analysing student concept maps are described in this article. The qualitative approach emphasises the distinct morphologies (structures) that are considered to indicate the level of understanding. The descriptive approach provides information on the content's richness in terms of concepts and key concepts.

Materials and Methods

A total of 31 first‐year dental students participated in this study. In an introductory session, students drew their first concept map (CM) using Cmaptools software. Then, students created and submitted individualised CMs for four course topics. Qualitative and descriptive approaches to analysing concept maps are valuable because they highlight what students have learned and how they organise and structure knowledge through CMs. To determine students' cognitive structures and explore the evolution of their representations over the four course topics, two examiners analysed the CMs' morphology and content.

Results

Students presented various cognitive structures for the same topic. The quality of concept maps seemed to be influenced by the topic, as well as by familiarisation with making CM.

Conclusion

Concept mapping revealed the organisation of students' knowledge. This study explored the structural (morphology) and content analyses of CMs. The quality of the CMs seems to be affected by the nature of the topic.
Institutional determination or teacher bias? Examining the mechanisms of cultural capital in China
Authors: Bai Yang , Wang Yijie , Ding Bairen
Published: March 2024

Empirical research conducted in numerous countries provides substantial evidence supporting the pivotal role of cultural capital in comprehending educational inequality. However, the operation of cultural capital varies across certain regions in East Asia due to distinct educational systems. This study integrates micro‐level mechanisms of cultural capital, teacher bias, and the Chinese educational system to identify its determinants. Findings from the China Education Panel Survey indicate that families with high socioeconomic status tend to cultivate cultural capital but downplay its importance during critical exams. Teachers tend to favour students with cultural capital, which can indirectly enhance academic performance. However, the standardized examination system ultimately suppresses this effect and leads to an overall negative impact. This study suggests that the educational system plays a pivotal role in determining cultural capital and highlights the necessity for further discussions on its relationship with institutions.
Gender disparities in universal primary education: An analysis of women's education and policy implications in Pakistan (1947–2017)
Authors: Ahmad Nasir , Shaheen Nasir , Hussain Sajjad
Published: March 2024

This article analysed gender disparities in Pakistan focusing on access to primary education and women's education in light of National Education policies from 1947 to 2017 to achieve universal primary education. This study aimed to trace the evolution of National Education policies (1947–2017) in the attainment of universal primary education and gender disparities in Primary education in Pakistan. A qualitative document analysis technique was employed to extract relevant data related to policy objectives, strategies, and targets of primary education, gender disparities, and women's education. The quantitative data was extracted from the Pakistan Economic Survey 2022–2023, Pakistan Education Statistics 2020–2021, and all National Census 1951, 1961, 1972, 1981, 1998, and 2017. The study found that education policies highlighted the importance of primary education but did not dedicate larger sections to women's education in the first 40 years. The recent education policies addressed the importance of women's education for achieving gender parity. These findings, which stem from a review of national education policies' documents, are in line with the findings drawn from the quantitative data extracted from authoritative reports which stated that significant gender disparities existed in the numbers of primary schools, access to primary education, and students' enrolments throughout the history of Pakistan. The study also found significant gender disparities in the number of primary schools per 100,000 children, with male students comparatively attending schools more than female students. The study found consistent gender disparities in primary education enrolment in Pakistan with notable progress in recent years but have not been able to eliminate these disparities. Gender disparity is evident in literacy rate, gross enrolment rate (GER), and net enrolment rate (NER). The study recommended that the revision of existing policies and formulation of new education policies should be based on comprehensive documentation on women's education and its impact on the economy, literacy rate, and universal primary education.
Assessing the Role and Identity of Indigenous Women in Northeast India
Authors: Longkumer Bendanglemla
Published: March 2024

How can a society be democratic when a section of its population is deprived or barred from participating in decision‐making platforms because of their gender? How can we talk about equality and freedom when the Naga society in Northeast India is marred by the fact that a few affluent sections of the population – those who are male – have the prerogative? Can egalitarianism be imagined while Indigenous customs and laws give freedom and authority to the people in decision‐making roles, are largely prohibitive, and fail to promote egalitarianism? The Naga society in Northeast India is fiercely patriarchal, where gender roles and responsibilities are defined according to norms that restrict women's roles in the social and political arena.
Interreligious Engagement as an Enabler of Gender Justice through the Common Good
Authors: Karam Azza
Published: March 2024

The article begins by explaining some of the terminology used and proceeds to share highlights of work undertaken under the auspices of the United Nations and at an international multireligious organization over the last 25 years. The key argument is that working to bring together different religious organizations in service to the common good, which also includes gender equality and women's empowerment, creates the space for genuine collaboration among and between people and organizations/institutions. It concludes with a few reflections on the love of the Divine and the imperative of the multireligious encounter as an enabler of this love, which itself is a prerequisite for gender justice.
Interreligious Dialogue and Gender Justice in Brazil
Authors: Gualberto Ana , Gierus Renate
Published: March 2024

This article reflects on the context and experiences of the project Advocacy for Gender Justice in Facing Fundamentalism, which has been developed in the ACT Brazil Ecumenical Forum (Fórum Ecumênico ACT Brasil: FEACT Brazil) since 2021. The article discusses the reality of growing violence, feminicide, and religious fundamentalism in Brazil, underlining the importance of analyzing the root causes and effects of religious racism. Seeing through an intersectional lens, the article reflects on key dimensions of gender justice and proposes strategies to confront domestic violence as well as other forms of violence. Finally, it reflects on the history of five “Ecumenical and Interreligious Journeys” as an important space of dialogue, collaboration, and networking.
Playtime and bedtime relate to cortisol levels for children facing economic hardship
Authors: Brown Eleanor D. , Shokunbi Fola X. , Garnett Mallory L.
Published: March 2024

Objective

This study elucidates relations among playtime, bedtime, and cortisol levels for children facing economic hardship.

Background

Poverty‐related stressors overburden physiological systems that respond to stress, with implications for child health and development. The family microsystem can offer protection, yet no prior published studies have explored whether time allocated to various home activities might relate to stress levels.

Method

The study included 130 children aged 3 to 5 years who attended a Head Start preschool, and their primary caregivers. Trained research assistants completed daily telephone interviews with the caregivers across 10 days near the start of the preschool year to assess activities at home and, at a midyear time point, collected child saliva samples upon preschool arrival on 2 weekdays to assess morning levels of the stress hormone cortisol.

Results

Zero‐order correlational and linear regression analyses indicated that a greater proportion of playtime and earlier bedtime relative to waketime (i.e., more sleep time) related to lower morning cortisol levels.

Conclusion

Greater playtime and sleep time may mitigate the tax of poverty on physiological stress response systems.

Implications

Implications concern family strengths that might be built upon to promote the well‐being of children facing economic hardship.
SARS‐CoV‐2 testing, positivity, and factors associated with COVID‐19 among people with HIV across Europe in the multinational EuroSIDA cohort
Authors: Fursa O. , Bannister W. , Neesgaard B. , Podlekareva D. , Kowalska J. , Benfield T. , Gerstoft J. , Reekie J. , Rasmussen L. D. , Aho I. , Guaraldi G. , Staub T. , Miro J. M. , Laporte J. M. , Elbirt D. , Trofimova T. , Sedlacek D. , Matulionyte R. , Oprea C. , Bernasconi E. , Hadžiosmanović V. , Mocroft A. , Peters L. ,   EuroSIDA Study Group
Published: March 2024

Background

Although people with HIV might be at risk of severe outcomes from infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2; coronavirus 2019 [COVID‐19]), regional and temporal differences in SARS‐CoV‐2 testing in people with HIV across Europe have not been previously described.

Methods

We described the proportions of testing, positive test results, and hospitalizations due to COVID‐19 between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2021 in the EuroSIDA cohort and the factors associated with being tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 and with ever testing positive.

Results

Of 9012 participants, 2270 (25.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 24.3–26.1) had a SARS‐CoV‐2 polymerase chain reaction test during the study period (range: 38.3% in Northern to 14.6% in Central‐Eastern Europe). People from Northern Europe, women, those aged <40 years, those with CD4 cell count <350 cells/mm3, and those with previous cardiovascular disease or malignancy were significantly more likely to have been tested, as were people with HIV in 2021 compared with those in 2020. Overall, 390 people with HIV (4.3%, 95% CI 3.9–4.8) tested positive (range: 2.6% in Northern to 7.1% in Southern Europe), and the odds of testing positive were higher in all regions than in Northern Europe and in 2021 than in 2020. In total, 64 people with HIV (0.7%, 95% CI 0.6–0.9) were hospitalized, of whom 12 died. Compared with 2020, the odds of positive testing decreased in all regions in 2021, and the associations with cardiovascular disease, malignancy, and use of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate disappeared in 2021. Among study participants, 58.9% received a COVID‐19 vaccine (range: 72.0% in Southern to 14.8% in Eastern Europe).

Conclusions

We observed large heterogeneity in SARS‐CoV‐2 testing and positivity and a low proportion of hospital admissions and deaths across the regions of Europe.
The combination of allantoin, bisabolol, D‐panthenol and dipotassium glycyrrhizinate mitigates UVB‐induced PGE2 synthesis by keratinocytes
Authors: Tan Chelsea , Peng Ke , Lim TianYong , Liu Jiaxin , Ye Yang , Lim Linda , Gao Pei , Oblong John E. , Lam TzeHau
Published: March 2024

Objective

Erythema, characterized by the redness of the skin, is a common skin reaction triggered by various endogenous and exogenous factors. This response is often a result of the activation of underlying inflammatory mechanisms within the skin. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential benefits of applying a combination of skincare ingredients, namely allantoin, bisabolol, D‐panthenol and dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (AB5D), in the modulation of inflammatory factors associated with erythema. Additionally, the study aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which these ingredients exert their combined actions to alleviate erythema‐associated inflammation.

Methods

Human epidermal keratinocytes were exposed to UVB and subsequently treated with AB5D. Transcriptomics profiling was performed to analyse the dose–response effect of AB5D treatment on keratinocytes. The quantitation of inflammatory mediators, including PGE2, IL‐1α, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐1RA and TNFα, was performed on cultured media. Additionally, the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay was carried out to evaluate the total antioxidant capacity of both individual ingredients and the AB5D combination. To assess the in‐vitro antioxidant effects of AB5D against UVB‐induced oxidative stress in hTERT keratinocytes, real‐time quantitation of mitochondrial superoxide was measured through live‐cell imaging.

Results

The application of AB5D to UVB‐exposed keratinocytes downregulated gene sets associated with inflammatory responses, highlighting the anti‐inflammatory properties of AB5D. Specifically, AB5D effectively reduced the production of PGE2, leading to the downregulation of inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, our findings indicate that AB5D exhibits antioxidative capabilities, functioning as both an antioxidant agent and a regulator of antioxidant enzyme expression to counteract the detrimental effects of cellular oxidative stress.

Conclusion

We demonstrated that AB5D can reduce UVB‐induced PGE2, IL‐1α, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐1RA and TNFα as well as mitochondrial superoxide. These findings suggest that AB5D may alleviate erythema by modulating inflammation via PGE2 and through antioxidation mechanisms.
Anti‐inflammatory cerium‐containing nano‐scaled mesoporous bioactive glass for promoting regenerative capability of dental pulp cells
Authors: Duan Yiyuan , Zheng Kai , Hu Wenzhu , Chen Jake Jinkun , Lu Xiaolin , Wang Mingxin , Yang Yuxin , Guo Jingyao , Lu Yanlai , Ma Qian
Published: March 2024

Aims

This study aimed to investigate the anti‐inflammatory and odontoblastic effects of cerium‐containing mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (Ce‐MBGNs) on dental pulp cells as novel pulp‐capping agents.

Methodology

Ce‐MBGNs were synthesized using a post‐impregnation strategy based on the antioxidant properties of Ce ions and proposed the first use of Ce‐MBGNs for pulp‐capping application. The biocompatibility of Ce‐MBGNs was analysed using the CCK‐8 assay and apoptosis detection. Additionally, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging ability of Ce‐MBGNs was measured using the 2,7‐Dichlorofuorescin Diacetate (DCFH‐DA) probe. The anti‐inflammatory effect of Ce‐MBGNs on THP‐1 cells was further investigated using flow cytometry and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). Moreover, the effect of Ce‐MBGNs on the odontoblastic differentiation of the dental pulp cells (DPCs) was assessed by combined scratch assays, RT‐qPCR, western blotting, immunocytochemistry, Alizarin Red S staining and tissue‐nonspecific alkaline phosphatase staining. Analytically, the secretions of tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) were detected with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results

Ce‐MBGNs were confirmed to effectively scavenge ROS in THP‐1‐derived macrophages and DPCs. Flow cytometry and RT‐qPCR assays revealed that Ce‐MBGNs significantly inhibited the M1 polarization of macrophages (Mφ). Furthermore, the protein levels of TNF‐α and IL‐1β were downregulated in THP‐1‐derived macrophages after stimulation with Ce‐MBGNs. With a step‐forward virtue of promoting the odontoblastic differentiation of DPCs, we further confirmed that Ce‐MBGNs could regulate the formation of a conductive immune microenvironment with respect to tissue repair in DPCs, which was mediated by macrophages.

Conclusions

Ce‐MBGNs protected cells from self‐produced oxidative damage and exhibited excellent immunomodulatory and odontoblastic differentiation effects on DPCs. As a pulp‐capping agent, this novel biomaterial can exert anti‐inflammatory effects and promote restorative dentine regeneration in clinical treatment. We believe that this study will stimulate further correlative research on the development of advanced pulp‐capping agents.
The impact of precarious employment on the commitment of registered nurses
Authors: Hult Marja , Ring Marjo
Published: March 2024

Aim

To investigate the association between precarious employment and commitment among registered nurses.

Background

The nursing profession faces numerous challenges, and precarious employment (PE) has emerged as a significant issue affecting nurses' well‐being and professional status.

Methods

In spring 2023, we conducted a cross‐sectional survey involving members of a healthcare workers' trade union in Finland. The study encompassed data from 2,370 registered nurses representing various healthcare sectors nationwide. Regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between PE and nurses' commitment. STROBE guidelines were used to report the study.

Results

The modified PE scale demonstrated a good fit. Among the various dimensions of PE, nurses perceived the highest level of precariousness in terms of inadequate training opportunities, followed by unpredictable and nonstandard working hours, low wages, and disempowerment. Vulnerability arising from authoritarian management exhibited the most significant and negative association with nurses' commitment (B = −0.233).

Discussion

The findings of this study underscore that PE is a pressing concern within the nursing profession, and it has a detrimental impact on nurses' commitment. While precariousness in nursing is associated with issues related to empowerment and fair leadership, it appears that conventional challenges related to working hours, typical of the nursing profession, do not significantly affect nurses' commitment.

Implications for nursing and nursing policy

To enhance nurses' commitment, healthcare institutions and managers must actively promote leadership practices that empower and support employees. Also, employees' legal work‐related rights have to be respected in organizations. Addressing these aspects can contribute to a more resilient and dedicated nursing workforce.
Work‐related flow and its correlates among frontline nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Wang Chi‐Jane , Chen Ching‐Ju , Lin Shu‐Chuan Amy , Lin Jong‐Ni
Published: March 2024

Background

Ample evidence across non‐healthcare fields highlights the role of work‐related flow in enhancing resilience against work stress and work engagement. Understanding flow and its factors can support staff development and management.

Aims

This study aimed to investigate the level of work‐related flow and its associated factors among frontline nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

A cross‐sectional multicenter study included 336 nurses caring for COVID‐19 patients between March and April 2022. Cluster random sampling was used to select 9 nurse groups from 29 Taiwanese hospitals specialized in COVID‐19 care. A web survey link was shared on the selected nurses’ social media. Hierarchical regression analyses examined predictor–outcome relationships, following the STROBE checklist for reporting findings.

Results

Among demographic characteristics, sex (β = −0.11; p = 0.016) and living arrangement (β = −0.12; p = 0.017) reached statistical significance in model 3. Social support from family, friends, and significant others, managerial position, and sufficiency of personal protective equipment showed significant associations with work‐related flow (all β > 0.12; p < 0.05). The variables included in the final model accounted for 35% of the variance in work‐related flow for COVID‐19 patient care tasks.

Conclusions

Flow experience is influenced by factors associated with demographics, work conditions, and social support. Nurse administrators should consider these factors when evaluating nurses' flow at work.

Implications for nursing practice and management

Allocating care tasks to nurses based on their flow levels can be beneficial, particularly during healthcare crises. Ensuring a sufficient supply of personal protective equipment and offering social support to nurses are vital strategies for facilitating their flow experience in the workplace.
Effect of exposure of metakaolin‐based geopolymer cements to gamma radiation
Authors: Geddes Daniel A. , Walkley Brant , Galliard Cassandre Le , Hayes Martin , Bernal Susan A. , Provis John L.
Published: March 2024

The stability of cementitious materials under the harsh environment they will experience when used for radioactive waste disposal is incredibly important. Therefore, understanding the irradiation resistance of geopolymer cement, a potential alternative binder for the treatment of nuclear waste, is of the utmost importance when trying to develop a safety case for these materials. The study presented here addresses the structural and chemical changes of metakaolin‐based geopolymers, designed with different water contents, and exposed to a total cumulative dose of 1 MGy of gamma radiation. The range of formulations that were tested showed a significant loss of free water related to the irradiation process, which has led to an increase in the porosity. Analysis of the chemical structure has shown minimal changes in the main binding type‐gel phase, demonstrating high microstructural stability. Results showed that in samples cured for longer than 20 h, the bound/gel structure water remained in the sample when the water content was kept low enough. As the porosity and water content increase, more gel water is removed due to radiation exposure. However, the degree to which the water is removed from the gel structure is very small, and minimal changes can be seen across the geopolymers tested. Overall, metakaolin‐based geopolymers appear resistant to irradiation up to 1 MGy, which offers a potentially viable alternative for the immobilization of problematic intermediate‐level waste.
Small‐State Influence in EU Security Governance: Unveiling Latvian Lobbying Against Disinformation
Authors: Vériter Sophie L.
Published: March 2024

Counter‐disinformation policies have become a prominent subject of study in Europe. The story of their early development in the European Union (EU) reveals the surprising influence of small states, in particular Latvia. This article exposes how, as a first mover in a growing coalition of like‐minded states, Latvia shaped the development of counter‐disinformation policies in the EU starting with the creation of the East StratCom Task Force (ESTF) in 2015. This has had a significant impact on the governance of disinformation, providing valuable lessons for the study of small states' influence in the EU. Building on 30 interviews with policy‐makers, this case study demonstrates that utilising the Council Presidency can be a fruitful strategy for small states seeking to make a mark on EU security governance, with a plethora of examples as to how they can get other states and institutions on board, thereby securing long‐lasting leverage.
A Bayesian network meta‐analysis of 14 molecules inhibiting UV daylight‐induced pigmentation
Authors: Muller Benoit , Flament Frederic , Jouni Hussein , Sextius Peggy , Tachon Romain , Wang Yang , Wang Hequn , Qiu Huixia , Qiu Janney , Amar David , Delaunay Caroline , Jablonski Nina G. , Passeron Thierry
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Hyperpigmentation disorders are very frequent, affect the quality of life and may become a psychological burden for afflicted patients. Many anti‐pigmenting or depigmenting agents are available with various efficacy and almost no comparative data. 2‐mercaptonicotinoyl glycine (2‐MNG) was recently proposed as a viable candidate showing safe and effective results on hyperpigmentation control in vitro and in vivo.

Objectives

A Bayesian network meta‐analysis (BNMA) was conducted to map and rank the anti‐pigmenting and depigmenting efficacy of 2‐MNG 0.5% on UV daylight (UVDL)‐induced pigmentation together with 13 other reference molecules. A comparison in the kinetics of 2‐MNG 0.5% was also performed.

Methodology

Fourteen studies were conducted, for each, on 15–30 women of skin phototype III in Shanghai, China and Paris, France. The products were applied on mini zone, in randomized and blinded protocol, on the back, 5 days a week during 6 weeks, at a dose of 4 mg/cm2. During the second week, volunteers were exposed under to varying minimum erythemal dose of UVDL during 4 consecutive days—adapted to obtain a similar induction of skin pigmentation regardless of the population. Assessments were performed instrumentally using Chromameter®. Ascorbic acid 7% was used as a positive control for all experiments. A Bayesian network meta‐analysis was then established to map and follow the kinetics of 2‐MNG 0.5% performance with 13 reference molecules (glutathione 2%, kojic acid 1%, hydroquinone 4%, ascorbyl glucoside 2%, niacinamide 4%, etc.).

Results

2‐MNG 0.5% dominated the ranking at all time points with a significant high probability of strong efficacy against UVDL‐induced pigmentation. Ascorbic acid 7% ranks second after 4 days of irradiations (D12) whereas hydroquinone 4% ranks second 1 month after irradiations (D40). In the kinetics, 2‐MNG at 0.5% was effective as from the end of irradiations (D12) to the study endpoint (D40). This suggested an immediate and persistent efficacy across all timepoints evaluated.

Conclusion

The BNMA revealed a rapid and lasting efficacy of 2‐MNG 0.5% on the anti‐pigmenting and depigmenting phases of the clinical protocol. 2‐MNG 0.5% ranked first, with immediate and lasting effect compared to 13 other references. This study is the first allowing comparison between reference anti‐pigmenting and depigmenting agents and will help clinicians for proposing the most effective approach for their patients.
Effects of different surface treatments on surface topography and bond strength in the repair of fiber‐reinforced dentin composite
Authors: Bayraktar Nilay , Harorli Osman Tolga
Published: March 2024

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different surface treatments on the repair bond strength between a fiber‐reinforced dentin composite and a posterior composite.

Methods

Forty fiber‐reinforced dentin composite resin blocks (4 mm × 4 mm × 4 mm) were separated into eight groups (n = 5) according to the surface preparation methods: (G1) negative control group, (G2) adhesive application, (G3) 50% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) application, (G4) 50% DMSO + adhesive application, (G5) 37% phosphoric acid etch + adhesive application, (G6) air abrasion + adhesive application, (G7) 37% phosphoric acid etch + 50% DMSO application + adhesive application, and (G8) air abrasion +50% DMSO application + adhesive application group. The composite surfaces were repaired in two layers with a posterior composite. Composite sticks were subjected to a micro tensile bond strength (μTBS) test. Fractured surfaces were evaluated using a stereomicroscope (×25). Short fiber‐reinforced composite samples' surfaces were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Shapiro Wilk, one‐way ANOVA, and Tukey HSD tests were used for statistical evaluation.

Results

The highest average (μTBS) values were observed in G8, whereas the lowest mean μTBS values were evident in the G1 group. Statistically significant μTBS values were found in all adhesive‐applied groups when compared with the negative control group. Notably, the application of 50% DMSO without adhesive did not lead to a statistically significant increase in μTBS values. SEM images demonstrated that acid etching partially eliminated residues on the composite surface, while air abrasion had a detrimental effect on the integrity of fiber structures.

Conclusion

In the repair of fiber‐reinforced dentin composite with a posterior composite, adhesive application is an effective approach. The treatment of 50% DMSO without adhesive did not confer a statistically significant advantage, and the supplemental use of acid etch or air abrasion did not show an additional benefit compared to adhesive‐only repairs.

Clinical Significance

Adhesive application emerges as a potent and effective strategy for the repair of bur‐roughened fiber‐reinforced dentin composites. With its limitations, the study highlights the efficacy of adhesive‐only repairs without the necessity for additional surface treatments.
The prevalence of vulvovaginal symptoms in Japanese women of reproductive and perimenopausal ages: A cross‐sectional study across generations
Authors: Kawai Takao , Harada Miyuki , Yamada Katsuki , Ugomori Rui , Osuga Yutaka
Published: March 2024

Aim

This cross‐sectional study evaluated vaginal health and hygiene practices among reproductive and perimenopausal women in Japan using an online‐based questionnaire.

Methods

The questionnaire included 11 well‐structured questions concerning vulvovaginal symptoms and hygiene care practices. Participants' responses were anonymized and analyzed descriptively. The relationships of age, family income, occupation, and childbearing with women's concerns regarding vaginal or vulvar problems were analyzed by chi‐square tests.

Results

About 80% of women in their 20s to 50s in Japan reported experiencing vulvovaginal symptoms. Women in their 40s had significantly fewer symptoms than women in their 20s (p = 0.04), and women in their 50s had significantly fewer symptoms than all other age groups (20s, 30s, and 40s) (p < 0.001). Among symptomatic women, 77.5% did not discuss their symptoms with anyone else and only 10% visited doctors. About 12.5% of women reported taking special care of their vagina or vulva regularly, whereas 38.2% expressed a desire to try some form of care but had not yet done so. Of the women who did not take special care of their vagina or vulva, 46.2% lacked knowledge about proper care, 42.2% did not want to spend money on care, 30.5% did not want to discuss care with others, and 21.3% were psychologically reluctant.

Conclusion

Determination of the prevalence of vulvovaginal symptoms among Japanese women can enhance understanding of this prevalent condition and its impact on women's health. These findings may help formulate effective public health interventions and promote better hygienic practices, thus improving the well‐being of women in Japan.
Progression pattern and post‐progression survival following atezolizumab and bevacizumab treatment in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kobayashi Satoshi , Fukushima Taito , Ueno Makoto , Chuma Makoto , Numata Kazushi , Tsuruya Kota , Arase Yoshitaka , Hirose Shunji , Kagawa Tatehiro , Hattori Nobuhiro , Watanabe Tsunamasa , Matsunaga Kotaro , Uojima Haruki , Hidaka Hisashi , Kusano Chika , Morimoto Manabu , Maeda Shin
Published: March 2024

Background

Although the combination of atezolizumab and bevacizumab (ATZ + BEV) is a standard treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), strategies for addressing treatment failure and prognostic factors of post‐progression survival (PPS) remain unestablished.

Methods

We conducted a multicentre retrospective study to evaluate PPS following ATZ + BEV treatment in patients with advanced HCC. We classified the patients into three groups: BCLC stage B and BCLC stage C without or with new extrahepatic lesions (BCLCp‐C1 and BCLCp‐C2, respectively) at the time of progression.

Results

Of the 204 patients who started ATZ + BEV treatment between October 2020 and September 2022, 110 showed disease progression, with 33, 55 and 22 showing the BCLCp‐B, BCLCp‐C1 and BCLCp‐C2 stages of the disease, respectively. Specifically, patients with the BCLCp‐B stage of the disease showed better overall survival than those with the BCLCp‐C1 and BCLCp‐C2 stages (hazard ratios: 1.93 [95% confidence interval, CI, 1.06–3.51] and 2.64 [95% CI, 1.32–5.30] for HCC stages BCLCp‐C1 and BCLCp‐C2, respectively). Via multivariable analysis, we identified the BCLCp‐C1 and BCLCp‐C2 stages, as well as performance status, Child–Pugh class and alpha‐fetoprotein as poor prognostic factors for PPS.

Conclusions

BCLCp‐B1 stage was identified as a better prognostic factor for PPS following ATZ + BEV treatment compared with BCLCp‐C1 and BCLCp‐C2 stages. This may help in making decisions regarding subsequent treatment after ATZ + BEV.
Characterization of c‐di‐AMP signaling in the periodontal pathobiont, Treponema denticola
Authors: Moylan Aidan D. , Patel Dhara T. , O'Brien Claire , Schuler Edward J. A. , Hinson Annie N. , Marconi Richard T. , Miller Daniel P.
Published: March 2024

Pathobionts associated with periodontitis, such as Treponema denticola, must possess numerous sensory transduction systems to adapt to the highly dynamic subgingival environment. To date, the signaling pathways utilized by T. denticola to rapidly sense and respond to environmental stimuli are mainly unknown. Bis‐(3′–5′) cyclic diadenosine monophosphate (c‐di‐AMP) is a nucleotide secondary messenger that regulates osmolyte transport, central metabolism, biofilm development, and pathogenicity in many bacteria but is uncharacterized in T. denticola. Here, we studied c‐di‐AMP signaling in T. denticola to understand how it contributes to T. denticola physiology. We demonstrated that T. denticola produces c‐di‐AMP and identified enzymes that function in the synthesis (TDE1909) and hydrolysis (TDE0027) of c‐di‐AMP. To investigate how c‐di‐AMP may impact T. denticola cellular processes, a screening assay was performed to identify putative c‐di‐AMP receptor proteins. This approach identified TDE0087, annotated as a potassium uptake protein, as the first T. denticola c‐di‐AMP binding protein. As potassium homeostasis is critical for maintaining turgor pressure, we demonstrated that T. denticola c‐di‐AMP concentrations are impacted by osmolarity, suggesting that c‐di‐AMP negatively regulates potassium uptake in hypoosmotic solutions. Collectively, this study demonstrates T. denticola utilizes c‐di‐AMP signaling, identifies c‐di‐AMP metabolism proteins, identifies putative receptor proteins, and correlates c‐di‐AMP signaling to osmoregulation.
Change in refractive errors with changes in IOL parameters
Authors: Atchison David A. , Cooke David L.
Published: March 2024

This study considered two questions associated with intraocular lens (IOL) power and refraction: (1) Given a refraction with a particular IOL in the eye, what will be the refraction for the IOL or another IOL if located differently with regard to tilt or anterior–posterior position? (2) For a target refraction, what is the power of another IOL if located differently with regard to tilt or position? A thin lens technique was developed to address these questions. For the first question, light was traced through the initial correcting spectacle lens to the cornea, refracted at the cornea, transferred to the position of the initial IOL, refracted at this IOL, transferred to the position of a new IOL (which may be the same IOL but with a different position and/or tilt), refracted backwards through the new IOL, transferred to the cornea and refracted out of the eye to give a new correcting spectacle lens power. For the second question, light was traced through the initial correcting spectacle lens to the cornea, refracted at the cornea, transferred to the position of the initial IOL, refracted at the initial IOL and transferred to the position of a new IOL. Light was also traced through the second correcting spectacle lens, refracted at the cornea and transferred to the position of the second IOL. The difference between the reduced image vergence for the first raytrace and the reduced object vergence for the second raytrace gave the effective power of the second IOL, and from this, the power of the second IOL was determined. Examples are presented for different situations, including a case report.
Surrounded by luxury: The necessities of subsidiary cells
Authors: Nguyen Thanh‐Hao , Blatt Michael R.
Published: March 2024

The evolution of stomata marks one of the key advances that enabled plants to colonise dry land while allowing gas exchange for photosynthesis. In large measure, stomata retain a common design across species that incorporates paired guard cells with little variation in structure. By contrast, the cells of the stomatal complex immediately surrounding the guard cells vary widely in shape, size and count. Their origins in development are similarly diverse. Thus, the surrounding cells are likely a luxury that the necessity of stomatal control cannot do without (with apologies to Oscar Wilde). Surrounding cells are thought to support stomatal movements as solute reservoirs and to shape stomatal kinetics through backpressure on the guard cells. Their variety may also reflect a substantial diversity in function. Certainly modelling, kinetic analysis and the few electrophysiological studies to date give hints of much more complex contributions in stomatal physiology. Even so, our knowledge of the cells surrounding the guard cells in the stomatal complex is far from complete.
Not a difference of opinion: Wittgenstein and Turing on contradictions in mathematics
Authors: Vanrie Wim
Published: March 2024

In his 1939 Cambridge Lectures on the Foundations of Mathematics, Wittgenstein proclaims that he is not out to persuade anyone to change their opinions. I seek to further our understanding of this point by investigating an exchange between Wittgenstein and Turing on contradictions. In defending the claim that contradictory calculi are mathematically defective, Turing suggests that applying such a calculus would lead to disasters such as bridges falling down. In the ensuing discussion, it can seem as if Wittgenstein challenges Turing's claim that such disasters would occur. I argue that this is not what Wittgenstein is doing. Rather, he is scrutinizing the meaning and philosophical import of Turing's claim—showing how Turing is wavering between making an empirical prediction and a logical observation, and that it is only through this wavering that Turing can believe that he has provided a proper explanation of why contradictory calculi are mathematically defective.