bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ochratoxin A – Toxicological Aspects
Authors: FEIER Dana , TOFANA Maria
Published: December 2021

European and national public authorities are introducing increasingly high standards to ensure that health risks, induced by contaminated food, is prevented and considerable reduced. This is olso the objective for the agribusiness and the distributors; they are the responsibility to guarantee that food is safe. Preventing the risks of contamination by bacteria, pesticides, chemicals, mycotoxins, etc. in food products is a major challenge for all stakeholders in agrifood supply chains. Cases of food poisoning have always hit the headlines and can have very serious economic consequences. Aflatoxins, fumonisins, trichotecenes, zearalenones and ochratoxins belonging to the mycotoxins group are responsible for extremely serious human pathologies. Ochratoxin A, or OTA, produced by fungi of the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium, is acknowledged to be responsible for certain kidney pathologies in pigs and is suspected of causing some human kidney pathologies. It has been shown in rats that OTA has carcinogenic and immunotoxic properties. Because OTA has a long biological cycle, remaining in the bloodstream and contaminating the meat from animals having ingested it, just as it can contaminate mother's milk.
Considerations on the Dynamics of the pH Values and Lactic Acid Content during Lactic Acid Fermentation of Carrot Juices with Different Pure Cultures
Authors: GORGHIU Gabriel , BURULEANU Lavinia , NICOLESCU Carmen Leane , AVRAM Daniela
Published: December 2021

Suitability of the carrots for obtaining lactic acid fermented juices using different lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacterium sp. that are not constitutive from the epiphytic microbiota of vegetables was tested. One the one hand, the aim of this work was to obtain related data to the dynamics of the titrable acidity and the pH during the course of the controlled fermentation, due of the importance of these parameters on the shelf life of the final products. Optimum type of culture and optimum amount of inoculum was determined. On the other hand, the work proposes also model predictions for expressing the pH values and the lactic acid content dynamics, during lactic acid fermentation of carrot juices with different pure cultures. Using the CurveExpert 1.3 software application, specific regression equations were determined.
The Influence of Organic Matter Upon Microelements Mobility in Soils
Authors: MIHALACHE Mircea , ILIE Leonard
Published: December 2021

Samples from surface and subjacent horizons of main soil types from chernozem to podzol were selected. Both soil colloids and released cations may be retained or deplaced to the depth. The differences of the averages and medians and the histograms of the two horizon properties show the translocation of clay and free sesquioxides and the retention or migration of some nutrient cations.

The deplacement to the depth were charactherized by migration level difference of concentration in the two horizons A2-A1, by the migration index namely the concentration ratio A2/A1 and by migration gradient, the angular coefficient m of linear relation between the content of the same component in the two horizons.
The Study of N- NO3 Restraint on Soil
Authors: MODROGAN Cristina , COSTACHE Cristina , ORBULET Oanamari , MIRON Alexandra , STANESCU Rodica , APOSTOL Giani
Published: December 2021

The aim of this paper was to study the restraint kinetic of N-NO3 on a sandy soil sampled from Caracal-Olt area. The kinetic study aimed to establish the interdependences between ion exchange-sorption global process and the main factors that influence the retention process on sandy soil granule level, N- NO3 concentration and N- NO3 soil load.

Theoretical studies present in the speciality literature lead to various kinetic models able to give a satisfactory answer for samples regarding dependence between rate determinative stage of ion exchange process and process parameters. The problem becomes complicate when it is necessary to describe mathematically mutual influence of different elementary stages, solving this kind of problems being impossible with the existing models. In this paper it was presented a methodology by which ion exchange process rate is expressed only based on experimental results, that aren’t influenced by changes of ion exchange mechanism during process. The present paper initiates a new perspective in problem approach by offering a new graphical presentation of the experimental data (kinetical maps), after achievieng a proper experiments time table.
The Identification of Main Proteins Fractions from Pea Protein Isolates
Authors: IANCHICI Raul , SEGAL Rodica , CRISAN Simona , ZDREMTAN Monica
Published: December 2021

Pea’s proteins represent a valuable source of edible proteins which are well tolerating by human body, and contain all essential amino acids. Mature pea’s seeds are very rich in proteins that can be extracted in order to be used to improve the nutritional value of other foods.

Pea’s proteins contain several fractions of albumins and globulins. We have used electrophoresis to separate and identify these fractions, to establish the molecular weight of each fraction, and also the proportion between them. The electrophoresis was conducted following the SDS-PAGE protocol.

Using pea protein isolate as sample, we have found a number of 12 protein fractions with molecular weights ranging between 12500 and 140000 Daltons. From these, six fractions are prevalent.
Romanian Agriculture and the European Financial Assitance Implications
Authors: NECULIŢĂ Mihaela , ŞARPE Daniela , MAZILESCU Vasile
Published: December 2021

Agriculture is very important for the regional economy. Despite Romania’s great agricultural potential, the agricultural products processing capacity is low because of the outdated technologies. The high fragmentation of the cultivated land in small parts is another obstacle for agricultural development. The low economical potential of small farms and their inefficient management determined the underdevelopment of the agricultural products processing sector.

Romania must quickly adapt the agricultural economy and rural development for a better integration on the Unique Market, using the European funds.
Research on Performance of Synthetical Pheromonal Traps Properties in Studying Biology of Synanthedon Myopaeformis (Borkhausen, 1789) Specie
Authors: ORBAN Georgeta , OLTEAN Ion , FENEŞAN Maria , FLORIAN Teodora
Published: December 2021

The discovery of specific sexual pheromon (VOERMAN S. and collaborators, 1978; SZÖCS G. and collaborators, 1989) opened the perspective for catching the male adults from their natural living space, offering the possibility of clearing up the aspects of pairing, and investigation of some aspects about population evolution, things that make the link with some other biologic growing phases, like: laying down the eggs, the larvae out coming. The research method consist in using standard sticky traps made by Chemistry Research Institute „Raluca Ripan” Cluj-Napoca, witch were tooled up with seven synthetic pheromone types.

The experiment performed over three years since 2006 in The Fruit-growing Research and Development Resort Bistriţa in cooperation with Chemistry Research Institute „Raluca Ripan” Cluj-Napoca and University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. From that seven types of pheromones used as baits, the most valuable, proved to be V6 (Z3, Z13 – 18 Ac 100% 0,1 mg) witch showed the biggest selectivity of appeal, the biggest appeal power, longevity and long lasting uniformity of the appeal power.
The Influence of Papaina on the Content of Amino Acids from Holland Chees
Authors: JIMBOREAN Mirela , LASLO Cornel , ŢIBULCĂ Dorin , ŢIBULCĂ Aurora , PĂUCEAN Adriana
Published: December 2021

The aim of the present paper is to study the variation of amino acid content during the ripening of semi-hard cheese (type Holland), after adding in the milk, used for the coagulation, of a proteolytic enzyme - papaina - and the comparison with the data obtained from the analysis of a witness cheese (without enzymes added) obtained and ripen in the same technological conditions. For investigations were collected and analyzed samples at different times during ripening.
Application of Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherms to Phosphate Sorption by Soils: Modelling and Effects of pH
Authors: ORBULEŢ Oanamari , KREIDER Liana , MODROGAN Cristina , MIRON Alexandra , APOSTOL Giani , COSTACHE Cristina , CONSTANTINESCU Ionel
Published: December 2021

Phosphate sorption capability is an important soil characteristic which determines the nutrients dynamics. Research studies on the chemistry of inorganic phosphorus in soil showed that in soil occur several reactions with resulting compounds; these reactions are dependent on factors like soil pH, type and quality of soil minerals, quantity of soil phosphorus and other soil properties.

The work seeks to determine the equilibrium curves by using a thermodynamic study in order to determine sorption degree of phosphorus (P) on soil grains (chernozem from Teleorman area and sandy soil from Dabuleni area) using the isotherm functions Langmuir and Freundlich typically used to describe adsorption equilibrium, at a phases mass ratio soil:water of 1:5 in the pH range 59. KH2PO4 solutions were used as aqueous phases at a concentration range of 10-100.

The Freundlich isotherm was more attractive than the Langmuir isotherm in describing phosphorus sorption by soil. Thus, quantifying the ratio between concentration of P adsorbed on soil and concentration of P in soil solution is an important step for describing the specific adsorption of ions on soil’s charged surfaces taking pH into account. Moreover, these simple isotherms used in describing phosphorus sorption have a significant role being useful for summarizing both the information about a given soil and the effects of a particular treatment involving the same soil.
Valorisation of Ensiled Fodder Beets
Authors: LAUWERS Thomas , VICCA Jo , LATRE Joos , HUYGENS Didier , LIPS Dirk
Published: December 2021

Fodder beets (Beta vulgaris L.) are especially respected for their high feeding value and high netto-energy yield per hectare. The price per nutritive value is lowest as compared to other forages. Preservation of fodders beets demands thorough cleaning without damaging and regularly occurs as a whole in well closed piles. In addition, feeding them to the animals is labour demanding. These disadvantages enforce the research towards other preservation methods which may be able to valorise this valuable type of roughage. The preservation of fodder beets in silages using silo bags, either separately or in combination with maize was investigated. Fodder beets were harvested and ensilaged at the ideal moment of maize harvest (October) or fodder beets were harvested at the ideal moment for fodder beet harvest (November) and consequently ensilaged with previously ensilaged maize. Highest energy yields of the silages were recorded at optimal harvest time for fodder beets. Ensilaging fodder beets separately resulted in large energy losses due to effluent and dry matter losses. Using lab scale silage, possible solutions for these large losses were investigated. Addition of 10% maize did reduce the effluent losses but dry matter losses remained at a high level. Addition of 4,5 l propionic acid per ton beets reduced effluent and dry matter losses sufficiently. Ensilaging foliage was another point of interest. This appeared to result in a lowered energy yield at organic and dry matter basis, an increased amount of ashes and doubling of the iron (Fe) concentration
Contributions at Biodiversity, Physical and Chemical Properties Knowledge from Tinovul Mohos, in Ciucului Mountain
Authors: PACURAR Ioan , RUSU Teodor , CLAPA Doina , SOTROPA Anca , DUNCA Mircea
Published: December 2021

Peat lands or histosoils occupy more than 6000 ha in Romania. Tinovul Mohos having more than 80 ha and a peat store more than 3 millions ton, is one of the most representative from Europe for his fauna and flora biodiversity.

It is a peat land beggarly in nutritive and mineral substance, having a powerful acid character (pH 3,20-4,07).Tinovul Mohos is formed on the basis of peat moss Sphagnum, having a thickness of 10 m, more than 99% organic substances, specific weight between 0,69 and 0,84, and a percent of carbon 49-51%.

Tinovul Mohos shelter many survival species like Lycopodium inundatum, Drosera obovata, Drosera intermedia, Andromeda polifolia, Meesea longiseta, Sparganium minimum, Calamagostris neglecta, Eriophorum gracile,Mitopus morio.
The Effects of Soil Management Practices on the Enyzmatic Activities
Authors: SAMUEL Alina Dora , DOMUŢA Cornel , ŞANDOR Maria , VUŞCAN Adrian
Published: December 2021

We have determined five enzymatic activities (actual and potential dehydrogenase, catalase, acid and alkaline phosphatase) and one nonenzymatic catalytic activity (H2O2 splitting in autoclaved samples) in the 0–10–, 10–20– and 20–30–cm layers of a brown luvic soil submitted to a complex irrigation and crop rotation (2– and 3–crop rotations) experiment. Each activity in both non-irrigated and irrigated soil under wheat and maize crops was significantly higher in the intermediate layer than in the upper, respectively deeper layers. Non-irrigation – in comparison with irrigation – resulted in significantly higher soil phosphatase activities in the 0–10–, 10–20– and 20–30–cm layers, whereas dehydrogenase and catalase activities were significantly higher in irrigated soil. The soil under wheat or maize was more enzyme-active in the 3– than in the 2–crop rotation and in the monoculture. In the monoculture and in the 2–crop rotation, higher enzymatic activities were registered under wheat than under maize. In the 3–crop rotation, higher enzymatic activities were recorded maize under wheat. The enzymatic indicators of soil quality decreased depending on the nature of crops and kind of irrigation in the following order: maize ( 3–crop rotation ) > wheat ( 3–crop rotation) > wheat ( 2–crop rotation ) > maize ( 2–crop rotation ) > wheat ( monoculture ) > maize ( monoculture ).
Quantification of Glucose, Fructose and Sucrose in Apple Juices Using ATR-MIR Spectroscopy Coupled with Chemometry
Authors: LEOPOLD Loredana , DIEHL Horst , SOCACIU Carmen
Published: December 2021

A combination of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and multivariate statistics (chemometry) was applied as a screening tool for the quantitative determination of carbohydrates, such as glucose, fructose and sucrose, in 11 processed commercial apple juices and 2 genuine juices obtained from squeezed apples. For calibration, a number of 24 mixtures of glucose, fructose and sucrose solutions (synthetic samples), at different concentrations were prepared and scanned in the 885 and 1500 cm-1 spectral range, using attenuated total reflectance (ATR) FTIR spectroscopy. Based on the mixtures spectra in the mid IR (MIR) region, we realized calibration models for each carbohydrate, using partial least squares (PLS) regression. The models were then used to predict the glucose, fructose and sucrose concentration in commercial apple juices, comparatively with concentrations in fresh, genuine juices, in order to assess the juice authenticity. The glucose concentrations (%, w/w) predicted for commercial juices ranged from 1.664 to 3.133 versus 3.1 for genuine fresh juices. The fructose concentrations (%, w/w) predicted for commercial juices ranged from 3.701 to 6.941 versus 9.2 for genuine fresh juices, while the sucrose concentrations (%, w/w) predicted for commercial juices ranged from 0.746 to 5.795 versus 1.38 for genuine fresh juices. The standard deviations of most predicted values are below 10%. Most juices exhibited glucose, fructose and sucrose concentrations in the expected range. However, several samples showed discrepancies from average concentration values, thus the authenticity of these juices could not be confirmed. Also, high sucrose concentration can flag adulterated juices, or indicates sucrose addition to maintain the juice sweetness intensity. Our results indicate ATR-MIR spectroscopy to be a rapid, accurate, non-destructive and cost-effective tool for routine monitoring of multiple constituents in apple juices, as quality and safety indicators.
Quality Studies of Wheat Romanian Varieties from N-V of Transilvania
Authors: MAN Simona , MUSTE Sevastiţa , MODORAN Constanţa , BIROU (POP) Anamaria , POP Anamaria , KADAR Rodica
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this project is to show Ariesan, Apullum and Dumbrava wheat qualities, by exposing them to some agents to S.C.D.A. Turda. The quality value parameters of this wheat varieties, in S.C.D.A.Turda climate, obtained in 2008 are between normal limites established by standards, is strongly influenced by biological factors, ecological and technological.
Using in Vitro Selection to Distinguish Red Clover Mutations that Tolerate Salinity
Authors: VICAS Gabriela
Published: December 2021

In this paper are presented the results of some research made to obtain cellular lines tolerating salinity from embryogen callus and non embryogen red clover, from the di- and tetraploid genotypes to verify if the potential mutants, shown by us, may manifest some salinity tolerance. Our studies aimed both untreated biological material and chemical mutagens (DES and DMS).

It was observed that salty environment influences in a negative way the development of callus by decreasing growth and by necrosis appearance on areas more or less extended.

Under the aspect of the genotype reaction towards the salinity, the tetraploid cultivar has proved more tolerant, compared to the diploid one.

At a concentration of 0,5% NaCl the percentage of survival of the red clover callus is of 53,2% at Napoca-tetra cultivar, 23,4% at Apollo-tetra and 23,4% at Roxana diplod, respectively 21,0% at Select. At the concentration of 1,0% NaCl the callus growing is strongly inhibited, up to 19,3% at Napoca-tetra, 17,4% at Apollo-tetra and 4,3 and 3,2% at Roxana (2n), respectively Select (2n).

Following the genotypes behavior of red clover, which are potential mutants, resulted after the treatment with DMS and DES, pointed out positive reaction of the obtained callus at these plants, on medium culture with 0,5% NaCl.

The transfer of callus on culture medium with NaCl 1,0% points out also a growing of the callus surface, but in a low percent, especially at Roxana cultivar (2n).
The Morphological Features and UV-VIS Analysis of Some Taxonomic Markers of Genus Viscum
Authors: VICAŞ Simona Ioana , RUGINĂ Dumitrita , PANTEA Stelian , SOCACIU Carmen
Published: December 2021

European mistletoe (Viscum album L., family Santalaceae) is native from Europe and is an evergreen, perennial, hemiparasitic shrub that lives on a wide range of woody plants species. The mistletoe has a number of biological effects, such as anticancer, antimycobacterial, apoptosis – inducing, antiviral, and immunomodulatory activities. In the first part of this study, we present the floral and vegetative characters of five varieties of Viscum album ssp. album that are growing on five different host trees (Acer campestre, Mallus domestica, Fraxinus excelsior, Populus nigra and Robinia pseudoacacia).

In the second part, we recorded the UV-VIS spectrum of methanolic extract (400 to 700 nm), to determined the level of chlorophyll a and b, and also the ratio of A280/A340 (to identify which the bioactive compounds is predominantly). We find the diference between the stem and leaves from the mistletoe that are growing on the same host, and also between the mistletoe that are growing on different host trees.
Researches Regarding the Electro-Conductivity Determination on Different Soil Textures from Romania, Before Sowing
Authors: VOICEA Iulian -Florin , MATACHE Mihai , VLADUT Valentin
Published: December 2021

Precision farming involves the collection of detailed information about the characteristics of agricultural operations. Electro-conductivity (EC) of soil is one of the tests easier and less costly for agriculture, which can be performed today. Electro-conductivity (EC) is the ability of a material to transmit (conduct) an electrical current and is usually expressed in miliSiemens / meter (MS / m). Electro-conductivity (EC) of soil is a measurand that characterizes many soil properties which affect the productivity of crops. These include the water content, soil texture, soil organic matter (OM), depth to clay layer, the capacity of cation exchange (CEC), salinity, calcium, magnesium. Measurements of electro-conductivity (EC) of soil can add value to agricultural operations if they can be used to help explain variations in agricultural production. Article shows electro-conductivity maps models of the prepared soil in different locations in Romania and electro-conductivity correlation with the physico-chemical properties of these soils
Agriculture Reconstruction in the Suburban Areas of Bistrita Municipality
Authors: ZOTIC Vasile , PUIU Viorel , ALEXANDRU Diana
Published: December 2021

Starting with the Middle Ages, the German colonists firstly introduced the cultivation of vineyards in the suburban areas of the city; later on, they gradually planted individual orchards as well as grain and maize fields. During the communist period, the entire suburban territory of the city was turned into a new apple and plum orchard area and farmers started practicing other agricultural activities, such as dairy farming. Once with the collapse of the centralized economy in 1989, many of the vineyards and a great part of the intensive orchards were abandoned by the individual owners, who were financially and technologically incapable to sustain modern intensive agricultural activities. Concurrently, people shifted to individual cultivation of small parcels under corn and maize, fact that reflects the reconversion to subsistence agriculture. The city market is currently monopolized by imported fruit and vegetables, which imposes a reassessment of agriculture in the suburban areas of Bistriţa Municipality and its adaptation to the urban needs under all aspects. This adaptation must be accomplished in accordance with the concept of suburban agriculture, the accurate territorial situation, the bio-edaphic and morphological potential of the area, the present needs of urban population, as well as with the situation of agricultural fields and their distribution. Our research tries to reflect the way in which a subsistence type of agriculture based on a high fragmentation of land property can be turned into a modern suburban type of agriculture. Our attempts have been facilitated by the real interest the local administration manifests towards supporting and promoting a sustainable development in the Bistriţa area, where the large territory used for agricultural activities allows suburban agriculture play the central role in this process. Bistriţa municipality represents one of the first cities that benefited from studies regarding integrated territorial development. These studies helped to set a series of measures for the reorientation of traditional agriculture towards an intensive market one, such as: local policies for the reorganizing of proprieties, allotting some public property land to tenants for temporary use, and changing the economic destination of the degraded fields.
The Value for Agricultural Use of Grass Seed Mixtures of Species and Varieties in Comparison with Single Varieties
Authors: DE VLIEGHER Alex , CARLIER Lucien
Published: December 2021

22 commercial mixtures were compared in a mowing trial (complete block design, 2 replicates) in 4 locations during 3 consecutive years. These mixtures contained mainly diploid and tetraploid varieties of Lolium perenne L.. Festuca pratensis Huds., Phleum pratense L. and Trifolium repens L. were also included at various times. 250 - 400 kg N.ha-1.year-1 was used. Dry matter yield (DM-yield), disease resistance and persistence were evaluated. Similar results were obtained for all three performance parameters (DM-yield, crown rust resistance and persistence) of the mixtures as compared with the individual components.

There was almost no relationship between the percentage of diploid perennial ryegrass in the mixture and its persistence (R2 = 0.18). Similar results were obtained for the relation between the percentage of tetraploid perennial ryegrass in the mixture, as well as for disease resistance of the mixture in late summer (R2 = 0.25).
Reaction to Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) of Six New Wheat Cultivars Widely Grown in Transylvania
Authors: AMIN Sardar , ARDELEAN Marin , MOLDOVAN Vasile , CADAR Rodica
Published: December 2021

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium spp., has become one of the most destructive diseases in the world’s wheat growing areas , especially in the humid and semihumid regions (Paillard et al. 2004, Mesterhazy 1978, Stack & Mullen 1985; Kiecana 1987; Kiecana et al. 1988). Six winter wheat cultivars, recently released and widely grown in Trasylvania, have been evaluated for FHB resistance during 2006. The evaluation was made by means of artificial inoculations with Fusarium graminearum and assesment of symptom intensity by computing AUDPC index (Area Under Developmental Progress Curve). Based on these data, two cultivars (Dumbrava and Turda 195) were considered as resistant, two cultivars (Ardeal and Arieşan) as medium resistant and other two cultivars (Fundulea 4 and GK Öthalom) as susceptible to FHB. The reaction to FHB of the six tested cultivars, based on the postharvest indices, showed significant differences among these cultivars as far as the yield elements and the total grain yield were considered. Actually, in the resistant cultivars, both the total grain yield and some of the yield elements (spike wight, grain weght/spike and 1000 kernel weigt) were significantly less affected by FHB than in medium resistant and susceptible cultivars.
The Effect of the Design of the Spreading Device on the Working Width and Evennes of Spreading in the Case of Centrifugal Spreaders
Authors: ANCZA Erzsébet , GINDERT-KELE Ágnes , GINDERT-KELE Ágnes , HAGYMÁSSY Zoltán , HAGYMÁSSY Zoltán
Published: December 2021

Today a significant part of solid fertilizers are spread by centrifugal spreaders all over the world, and it is general in Hungary as well. Their popularity is due to their multiple usage, simple construction, low maintenance demand, easy operation and low price. The field performance of spinning disc fertilizer spreaders basically depends on two factors: the forward speed and the working width. As there are some technical, operational and energetic limits of increasing the forward speed, my set objective in this study is to make further developments related to these machines’ working width. Rising the working width one can lower the damage of the soil, the costs of operation, and at the same time the area of overlapping falling on unit area, and so the unevenness of spreading. Uneven fertilizer distribution will result in yield loss. The main objectives of the examinations presented hereinafter were to explore the relationships between the parameters considered important from the above mentioned point of view.
Influence of the Liquefied Starch Composition and pH on the Saccharification at the Obtaining of Maltose Syrup
Authors: MIRONESCU Monica , MIRONESCU Ion Dan , TRIFAN Adrian , IGNATOVA Maya , MIRONESCU Vionela
Published: December 2021

In this paper the influence of the composition of the liquefied starch and of pH on the quality of saccharification at the obtaining of maltose syrup is investigated. A large number of experiments (68) in various liquefaction conditions show that Dextrose Equivalent (DE) and the composition in hydrolysis products with Degree of Polymerisation higher as four (DP ≥4) in the liquefied starch have a strong influence on the saccharification products, mainly on the maltose content in the maltose syrups. The liquefied starch with DE lower as 25 has smaller amounts of DP ≥4 (40 to 60%), whereas the liquefied starch with DE between 25 and 27 has high amounts of DP ≥4 (60 to 80%). For the production of maltose syrups, the liquefied starch must have DP ≥4 in high percentage (≥70%); the optimal yield in maltose at saccharification is attired when the proportion of DP ≥4 is 70%. pH influences strongly the enzymatic activity of the enzyme Optimalt BBA used at saccharification; the pH interval for the obtaining of maltose syrups is 4.7 to 5.4. The saccharification at lower or higher pH doesn’t allow the obtaining of maltose syrups.
The Unspecific Fraction Analysis of Romanian Hops Cultivars
Authors: MUDURA Elena , TOFANA Maria , SOCACI Sonia , PAUCEAN Adriana , TRUTA Delia , CHELEMAN Rowena
Published: December 2021

The study of the chemical composition of the unspecific bitter resins was carried on for Magnum, Brewers Gold, Hüller Bitterer and Perle hops cultivars, harvest in 2008, in pedo-climatic areas of Transilvania, in the Saschiz and Seleuş farms.

The drying and pelletizing of whole hop cones change the composition of unspecific fraction, especially because the oxidation process. The LCV decrese from 13,44% to 9,24% in Magnum cultivar, from 8,50 to 6,99 in Brewers Gold, from 9,84 to 6,07 in Huller Bitterer and from 9,25 to 6,40% in Perle cultivars. The results were statistical analysed with ANOVA test and the results showed that the technological conditions (temperature, time) are the most important factors in bitter substances losses on technological flow of hop pellets production.
Aspects Regarding Gradular Systems Phenomrenon Flow from Tanks and Silo
Authors: MUNTEAN M. , DROCAS I. , STANILA S. , MOLNAR A. , RANTA O. , MARIAN O.
Published: December 2021

In frequent technological processes of food industry the use of classification, gradation, calibration or sifting operation becomes a necessity. All operations need flow phenomenon for granular systems follow by mechanical operation realized through separation in granulometric factions of some polidisperse mixtures of granules and powder, on the basis of particle shape and size. Acquiring a specific type of flow (normal or hydraulic) depends on the ratio of the internal friction angle, the friction angle between particles and the wall of the tank and the inclination angle of the wall of the tank from the evacuation hole. The lower the value of the friction internal coefficient is (the material flows more easily), the more limited the area characteristic to hydraulic flow is.
Researches Concerning the Weed Control in Potato Crop Culture
Authors: BOGDAN Ileana , RUSU Teodor , POP Adrian , MORARU Paula , ROIBAN George
Published: December 2021

Potato has a very significant place in the agriculture of sub-mountainous area of Bistrita Nasaud County. Thus, in the locality of Tîrlişua, the majority of the arable fields are cultivated with potato crop, usually in crop rotations with barley, corn or autumn wheat. To achieve a weed control in potato crops cultivated in this area, mostly traditional agro-technical methods are applied, due to the features of the area, which is a mountainous area, having small plots and predominantly on slopes. The paper presents the results of the studies carried out in 2008 to test different technological variants for potato crop, in order to observe their direct or indirect effects on control of weeds from Tîrlişua area, Bistrita-Năsăud County. Also, there are presented: the weed species determined in the research field with a specific frequency; the general weeding degree (no. of weeds/sq. meter); the results obtained for 5 potato crop technological variants, were non-chemical methods are applied for weed control; the potato crop yields and ANOVA interpretations of weed control results and yields obtained, all these in order to select the most efficient variant for this specific area.
The Determination of Organochlorine Pesticides in Nonfatty Matrice
Authors: MURESAN Crina , SOCACI Sonia , TOFANĂ Maria , MUSTE Sevastita , LASLO Cornel , HORGA Cristina
Published: December 2021

The studied nonfatty matrice content was made of concentrated fodder mixture. To determine the organochlorines pesticides, were used: a GC-2010 gas chromatograph equipement with an electron capture detection (ECD) and a RESTEK model capillary chromatographic column (phase RTx-5, with 0,4 µm thick film layer, 20 m length and inside diameter of 0,18 mm).

Before the GC injection, the pesticides samples were extracted, purified, eluted and concentrated.
Aspects Regarding the Reaction to the Drought of Some Corn Inbred Lines Cultivated in S.C.D.A. Şimnic
Authors: BONEA Dorina , URECHEAN Viorica , CONSTANTINESCU Emilia , DEACONU Daniela
Published: December 2021

Within the S.C.D.A. Simnic zone drought is a common phenomenon that reduces the corn productions. This is why corn breeding has as a goal finding of suitable parental forms with good production capacity yet stable. In order to do this, the ten inbred lines have been studied by us at S.C.D.A. Simnic - Craiova in different climatic conditions of 2004, 2005 and 2006 years. From a climatic point of view, the year 2004 was dry, unfavourable for the corn crop, the year 2005 was favourable for the corn crop and year 2006 was a period favourable for the culture. The stability of these lines has been made by using variation coefficients. After the results, the Lc 544 and Lc 411 have been the most stable. The drought reaction of the inbred lines has been appreciated by using the TOL and SSI statistical index. They have emphasized a good drought resistance in 2004 of Lc 544, Lc 574 and Lc 607 and a good resistance in 2006 of Lc 544, Lc 629 and Lc 700. The agronomical value of the inbred lines has been calculated by using the synthetic index resulted from the average of marks in function of the position occupied by each inbred line for production and stability. The highest agronomical value has had Lc 629, Lc 700 and Lc 646.
A Few Considerations on Evolution Lines in Food Safety under Consideration of the Hygiene Regulations Package
Authors: NEACSU Ana-Laura , TOFANĂ Maria
Published: December 2021

Food quality and food safety rely on the efforts of all stakeholders involved in the complex chain including agricultural production, processing and transport as well as consume. According to the European Union and the World Health Organization food safety is a common responsibility of all citizens and authorities, beginning from the origins until the moment food reaches consumers tables. This integrated “farm to fork” approach is now a general principle for EU food safety policy.

In order to maintain food quality and safety throughout the above-mentioned chain, there is need for both special procedures ensuring the integrity of food, and monitoring procedures ensuring the finalization of the operations in best conditions.

In the present work, we will underline a few considerations regarding the regulation milestones in Food Safety, having in consideration the Commissions Report on the experience gained from the application of the hygiene Regulations (EC) No 852/2004, (EC) No 853/2004 and (EC) No 854/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004.
Hybrid Influence on Water Use Efficiency in Unirrigated and Irrigated Maize in the Crişurilor Plain Condition
Authors: BORZA Ioana Maria
Published: December 2021

This paper analysed the maize hybrids from different FAO groups concerning the yield, water use efficiency in the moderate wet area of the Crisurilor Plain. The researches were carried out in the Agriculture Research and Development Station Oradea during 2006-2008 on a preluvosoil. The paper sustains the need of the maize hybrids choise both in unirrigated and irrigated conditions because the yields and water use efficiency are different in the 6 hybrids studied.

Irrigation determined the yield gain very significant statistically in all the hybrids and the years. Irrigation determined the increase of the water use efficiency; exception was the earliest hybrid Ciclon.
The Influence of Fertilization on Crop Quality and Field Beans (Vicia Faba L.)
Authors: BOTOŞ Lucian , IMBREA Florin , PÎRŞAN Paul , GHEORGHE David
Published: December 2021

Results obtained on the cambic chemozen soil Timisoara in thet good behaviour of the Montana cultivar in which, due to fertilising with N90P60K60 yield was over 2700 kg/ha. Content in protein depending on cultivar and nitrogen dose varied between 23,8% and 25.5%, and protein yield varied between 381 and 692 kg/ha
Application of Advanced Drying Technologies for Obtaining Bioactive Beer Yeast and Grape Seed Extract Powders
Authors: NICULA Alina , NICULA Alexandru. T. , SOCACIU Carmen , DuBREUCQ Pierre
Published: December 2021

As the food industry is interested to recuperate the valuable waste such as beer yeast (Saccharomyces cervisiae) and grape seed (Vitis vinifera), both with high nutritional and health promotion effects, new products and processes are expected to be released on the market. The new modern drying technologies used to process natural compounds and extracts aim a protected evaporation under controlled temperatures and immobilization on matrices, in order to keep high concentrations of bioactive compound in the final products. One of the most important technological parameter during the drying process is the Inlet and Outlet Temperature Using Spray Drying (SD) and Fluid Bed Drying (FBD) optimized technologies we obtained beer yeast (BY) and the grape seed extract (GSE) solid forms, demonstrating that functionality is well preserved (by determination of vitamins B and phenolics, respectively) in the final products comparing with the initial, genuine extracts.

Beer yeast and grape seed concentrated forms (stabilized powders and granulated formulas) have emerging consequences in this context and attract the modern consumer for their positive action on health.
Research Regarding Cultivation of Maize for Silage in Transylvanian Plateau
Authors: CECLAN Ovidiu Adrian
Published: December 2021

In this paper we studied two types of maize hybrids of two precocity groups according to FAO 250 – 320 (early) and FAO 340 – 450 (mid- early). Therefore we chase the evolution of each studied maize hybrid and how they turn account on climate condition of SCDA Turda
Researches Regarding the Influence of the Sowing Period on the Biology and the Productivity of the Apullum Wheat Variety
Authors: CERNEA Solovastru , VÂTCĂ Sorin , ŢUŢUI F. I.
Published: December 2021

The paper presents the results of the researches concerning the influence of the sowing period on the biology and productivity of the Apullum wheat variety made in the agricultural year 2006-2007 at Floresti, Cluj county, situated at the interface between forest steppe area of Transilvania’s Depression and the under humid area closely to Apuseni Mountains.

The sowing date influenced the vegetation period of the Apullum variety which is shorten in proportion as the planting is delayed, taking place between 263 days at the sowing from 15 September and 233 days at the sowing from 30 November.

The forward sowing (15 September) and the late sowing (30 November) determinate an important secrease of production towards the sowing in the optimal period (15 October). At the sowing from the period of 30 September-15 November, the obtained productions are very close and more up, confirming the fact that in the rainless autumn it is recommended to use the late sowing of the wheat.
Optimizing of Kefir Type Formulation and Evaluating its Quality during Shelf Life
Authors: PAUCEAN Adriana , VODNAR Dan , SOCACIU Carmen
Published: December 2021

Throughout the world there is a hudge variety of fermented milks made by mesophilic fermentation. Kefir products are such type of fermented product. The typical flavor of kefir is developed by the yeast strains in particular. Brewer’s yeast is a rich source of B-vitamins, minerals and amino acids and in this study we report that it can be used for milk’s inoculation in co-cultivation with a mesophilic lactic culture. The quality of the kefir type product was evaluated by establishing the pH, acidity, synersis and some of the sensory characteristics (taste, texture and mouth-feel) during the storage period in different time intervals, respectively after 24h, 7 days, 14 days and 21 days.
The Study of Variation in Fatty Acids Composition for Animal Fats
Authors: POP Flavia , LASLO Cornel
Published: December 2021

In this article the chemical composition of 2 types of animal fats (cow milk fat and poultry fat) following the variation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids proportion during freezing storage was studied. Determination of chemical composition of animal fats is important in establishing organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters, the variation of them in time, nature and proportion of fatty acids conferring specific characteristics to them. For milk fat was determined the following chemical composition: saturated fatty acids 68.35%, monounsaturated fatty acids 29.25%, polyunsaturated fatty acids 2.4%. After 4 months of storage under freezing there was a change in fatty acids proportion, saturated fatty acid content increased to 70.41%, monounsaturated fatty acids content decreased to 28.23%, and polyunsaturated fatty acids content decreased to 1.35% due to oxidation process when decreased the degree of unsaturation due to unsaturated fatty acids oxidation. In the case of poultry fat there was also an increase of saturated fatty acids (30.71%) and a decrease for monounsaturated (43.47%) and polyunsaturated (24.81%) fatty acids content.
The Optimization of Some Peanuts (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Technology Sequences on the Irrigated Ash Deposits
Authors: CONSTANTINESCU Emilia , BONEA Dorina , STEFAN M. , SANDU Luminita , GIORGOTA M.
Published: December 2021

Of the analysis of the soil and clime conditions that are characteristic for the ash deposits as well as from the observations on the behavior of an enriched array of species, on these terrains there was observed the possibility of obtaining good results with the peanuts crop on the terrains covered by powerplant ash.

There was chosen the Arachis hypogaea L. due to its capacity to capitalize the ash covered terrains, as well as by protecting by its vegetal mass a long time period of the vegetation period, decreasing the ash drift and the reduction of the environment pollution that is near the ash deposits.

In supporting this species there was considered the thermic favorable regime of the zone, the high sunshine, the light texture, high water permeability of the deposited material, the plant density to the surface unit and the covering degree of the terrain by vegetal mass, that are favorable features in controlling the ash drift and environment pollution.
Results Concerning the Evolution of Bacterial Population during the Malolactic Fermentation
Authors: POPESCU-MITROI Ionel , GHEORGHIŢĂ Marin , STOICA Felicia
Published: December 2021

During this experiment, the evolution of inner lactic bacteria microflora was monitored, during a spontaneous and conducted malolactic fermentation developed in the fall of the year 2006 at red wines obtained in Minis – Maderat wine yard. Thereby was monitored the bacterial population evolution, immediately after finishing the alcoholic fermentation (before developing the malolactic fermentation), through standard cultural method and through direct counting methods (counting with Thoma board and counting through Breed method).

Results show that wines, at the end of alcoholic fermentation present bacterial loads between 102 and 104 cells/ml, after which in the exponential growing phase of the lactic bacteria registered at 5 days after sowing the selected malolactic bacteria, the bacterial density of wines to grow to 106 – 107 cells/ml, and at the end of malolactic fermentation, which matches the decline phase of lactic bacteria, the bacterial density of wines to get back to 105 cells/ml.
Crop Rotation and Irrigation Influence on Wheat Yield and the Correlations Climate-Yield in the Crişurilor Plain Conditions
Authors: DOMUŢA Cornel , ŞANDOR Maria , CIOBANU Gheorghe , ARDELEAN Ileana , CIOBANU Cornelia , SAMUEL Alina , BANDICI Gheorghe , BORZA Ioana , DOMUŢA Cristian , Sabău Nicu Cornel , BREJEA Radu , VUŞCAN Adrian
Published: December 2021

The paper is based on the researches carried out during 2003-2008 in a long term trial placed in 1990 on the preluvosoil from Oradea. Climate indicator “de Martonne aridity index” (IdM) was used for quantification the correlation between climate and wheat yield in unirrigated and irrigated conditions and new class called “arid” was purposed for climate index characterization. Maintaining the soil water reserve on 0-50 cm depth between easily available water content and field capacity using the irrigation determined the increase of the IdM values for period IV – VI with 79% in 2003, 73% in 2004, 36% in 2005,16% in 2006, 162% in 2007 and with 131% in 2008; using the irrigation and the improvement of the microclimate conditions determined to obtain the yield gains, very significant every year and every crop rotation studied; both in unirrigated conditions and in irrigated conditions, the smallest yields wheat were obtained in monocrop and the biggest in the wheat – maize – soybean crop rotation; in the all three crop rotation, the direct links statistically assured were registered between the values of the De Martonne aridity index and yields in unirrigated and irrigated wheat. These correlations sustain the need of the irrigation in wheat from Crisurilor Plain; correlation between De Martonne aridity index is stronger (R2 = 0.7361xx) in the wheat – maize – soybean crop rotation in comparison with wheat – maize crop rotation (R2 = 0.6215x) and with wheat monocrop (R2 = 0.6105x). As consequence, crop rotation of wheat-maize-soybean is recomanded because the climate and microclimate conditions are better use.
Influence of Boom Inclination Angle on Uniformity Distribution for Spraying Machines
Authors: DROCAŞ Ioan , MOLNAR Adrian , MARIAN Ovidiu , MUNTEAN Mircea , STĂNILĂ Sorin , RANTA Ovidiu
Published: December 2021

The practice of sustanainable agriculture demands the best qualitative indexes for spraying machines and, especially, better distribution uniformity on the working width of these machines.

The experimental trials in laboratory conditions were made for EEP-600ME mounted spraying machine by using the HERBST testing equipment for measuring the cross-cut distribution uniformity, which showed the fact that the boom inclination angle has a great influence on distribution uniformity. Rise of boom inclination angle over 2° leads to decreasing of distribution uniformity. At boom inclination angle only by 5°, the variation coefficient of distribution uniformity is over 24%, value that exceeds the allowable limit by four times over.

In order to maintain the qualitative indexes in sloped areas there is a demand to use spraying machines that are equipped with devices for boom leveling.
Results in Ecological Technology Appliance for Cynara Scolymus L. at Cluj-Napoca
Authors: DUDA Marcel , VÂRBAN Dan I. , MUNTEAN Sorin , BUNESCU Horia , IMBREA Florin , VAIDA Simona
Published: December 2021

The artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a biennial or perennial herbaceous plant, very sensitive at low temperatures during the Romanian winters, which is cultivated for her leaves with medicinal properties (Cynarae folium). The active constituents from leaves are: 0,2-0,3% cynarin (1,4-dicaffeilchinic acid); chlorogenic acid (3-caffeilchinic acid); caffeic acid; neoclorogenic acid; 1% polyphenol; 0,2% flavonoids (cynarozid-lutheoline-7 glycoside, scolimozyd-luteoline-7 rutinozyd, cynarotriozid-luteoline-7 rutynozid-4 glycoside); lactones sescviterpenice (cyneropitrine, dehidrocinaropitrine, groseimine); tarasterol (triterpenic alcohol) etc.

Cynarin and polyphenols are used for their bile secretor and choleric properties.

This study evaluates the yielding capacity of Unirea artichoke variety cultivated at Cluj-Napoca during experimental year 2007.