bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review on the Adiabatic Shear Banding Mechanism in Metals and Alloys Considering Microstructural Characteristics, Morphology and Fracture
Authors: Karantza Konstantina D. , Manolakos Dimitrios E.
Published: December 2023

The current review work studies the adiabatic shear banding (ASB) mechanism in metals and alloys, focusing on its microstructural characteristics, dominant evolution mechanisms and final fracture. An ASB reflects a thermomechanical deformation instability developed under high strain and strain rates, finally leading to dynamic fracture. An ASB initially occurs under severe shear localization, followed by a significant rise in temperature due to high strain rate adiabatic conditions. That temperature increase activates thermal softening and mechanical degradation mechanisms, reacting to strain instability and facilitating micro-voiding, which, through its coalescence, results in cracking failure. This work aims to summarize and review the critical characteristics of an ASB’s microstructure and morphology, evolution mechanisms, the propensity of materials against an ASB and fracture mechanisms in order to highlight their stage-by-stage evolution and attribute them a more consecutive behavior rather than an uncontrollable one. In that way, this study focuses on underlining some ASB aspects that remain fuzzy, allowing for further research, such as research on the interaction between thermal and damage softening regarding their contribution to ASB evolution, the conversion of strain energy to internal heat, which proved to be material-dependent instead of constant, and the strain rate sensitivity effect, which also concerns whether the temperature rise reflects a precursor or a result of ASB. Except for conventional metals and alloys like steels (low carbon, stainless, maraging, armox, ultra-high-strength steels, etc.), titanium alloys, aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, nickel superalloys, uranium alloys, zirconium alloys and pure copper, the ASB propensity of nanocrystalline and ultrafine-grained materials, metallic-laminated composites, bulk metallic glasses and high-entropy alloys is also evaluated. Finally, the need to develop a micro-/macroscopic coupling during the thermomechanical approach to the ASB phenomenon is pointed out, highlighting the interaction between microstructural softening mechanisms and macroscopic mechanical behavior during ASB evolution and fracture.
Study on the Microstructure and Properties of Mg-Gd-Ni-Y Alloy Containing LPSO Phase
Authors: Zhang Jibin , Li Mingxing , Lai Yuming , Wen Lei , Ai Yibo , Ren Xuechong , Zhang Weidong
Published: December 2023

The long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) structure, functioning as a strengthening phase in magnesium alloys, plays a pivotal role in compensating for inherent performance limitations. In this study, an as-cast Mg-Gd-Ni-Y alloy, including the LPSO phase, was initially obtained through an ingot metallurgy process. Subsequently, the alloy underwent distinct thermal treatments: annealing at 500 °C for 10 h, and extrusion using an extrusion ratio of 10 at a speed of 5 mm/s. Comparative analysis of the microstructure and corrosion characteristics was performed across these three alloy states. Comprising primarily of α-Mg, LPSO phase, and eutectic structures (ES), the alloy exhibited distinctive microstructural features. Immersion experiments conducted in a 3.5% NaCl solution revealed that the as-cast alloy displayed the highest dissolution rate at various temperatures, from room temperature, to 50 °C, and 70 °C. Following annealing, a reduction in the second phase content within the alloy significantly contributed to the observed decrease in its dissolution rate. Extrusion processes resulted in a denser network structure within the microarchitecture, to some extent impeding the spread of corrosion to some extent. By emloying scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) and micro-electrochemical testing, it was discerned that predominantly the electrochemical system involving α-Mg and the second phases predominantly dictated the heightened dissolution rate of the alloy. This study presents valuable insights into understanding the dissolution mechanisms and potential strategies for controlling the dissolution performance of magnesium alloys containing the LPSO phase.
Modulation of MicroRNAs and Exosomal MicroRNAs after Dietary Interventions for Obesity and Insulin Resistance: A Narrative Review
Authors: Hernández-Gómez Karla G. , Avila-Nava Azalia , González-Salazar Luis E. , Noriega Lilia G. , Serralde-Zúñiga Aurora E. , Guizar-Heredia Rocio , Medina-Vera Isabel , Gutiérrez-Solis Ana Ligia , Torres Nimbe , Tovar Armando R. , Guevara-Cruz Martha
Published: December 2023

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs approximately 22 nucleotides in length. Their main function is to regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level by inhibiting the translation of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). miRNAs originate in the cell nucleus from specific genes, where they can perform their function. However, they can also be found in serum, plasma, or other body fluids travelling within vesicles called exosomes and/or bound to proteins or other particles such as lipoproteins. miRNAs can form complexes outside the cell where they are synthesized, mediating paracrine and endocrine communication between different tissues. In this way, they can modulate the gene expression and function of distal cells. It is known that the expression of miRNAs can be affected by multiple factors, such as the nutritional or pathological state of the individual, or even in conditions such as obesity, insulin resistance, or after any dietary intervention. In this review, we will analyse miRNAs whose expression and circulation are affected in conditions of obesity and insulin resistance, as well as the changes generated after a dietary intervention, with the purpose of identifying new possible biomarkers of early response to nutritional treatment in these conditions.
Enhancement of Deep Neural Network Recognition on MPSoC with Single Event Upset
Authors: Yang Weitao , Song Wuqing , Guo Yaxin , Li Yonghong , He Chaohui , Wu Longsheng , Wang Bin , Liu Huan , Shi Guang
Published: December 2023

This paper introduces a new finding regarding single event upsets (SEUs) in configuration memory, and their potential impact on enhancing the performance of deep neural networks (DNNs) on the multiprocessor system on chip (MPSoC) platform. Traditionally, SEUs are considered to have negative effects on electronic systems or designs, but the current study demonstrates that they can also have positive contributions to the DNN on the MPSoC. The assertion that SEUs can have positive contributions to electronic system design was supported by conducting fault injections through dynamic reconfiguration on DNNs implemented on a 16nm FinFET technology Zynq UltraScale+ MPSoC. The results of the current study were highly significant, indicating that an SEU in configuration memory could result in an impressive 8.72% enhancement in DNN recognition on the MPSoC. One possible cause is that SEU in the configuration memory leads to slight changes in weight or bias values, resulting in improved activation levels of neurons and enhanced final recognition accuracy. This discovery offers a flexible and effective solution for boosting DNN performance on the MPSoC platform.
A tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl-Containing Polyimide-Based Chemosensor for Sequential Detection of Fluoride Ions and Trace Water in Organic Solvents
Authors: Wu Yancheng , Lian Manyu , Huang Guotao , Zhang Yangfan , Yi Ningbo , Tian Liyong , Gan Feng , Ma Chunping
Published: December 2023

A tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-containing polyimide (PI-OSi) has been established as a colorimetric and ratiometric chemosensor for rapid detecting fluoride ions (F−). The UV-vis absorbance ratio value (A322/A288) of PI-OSi in a DMF solution displays a wide linear range change to F− concentrations with a detection limit (DL) value of 2.13 μM. Additionally, adding incremental amounts of F− to a DMF solution of PI-OSi shows an immediate color change to yellow and finally to green from colorless. More interestingly, the resulting PI-OSi plus F− system (PI-OSi·F) could detect trace water in DMF. The A292/A322 value of PI-OSi·F almost linearly increases with low water content, which suggests convenient quantitative sensing of trace water content in DMF. The DL value of PI-OSi·F for sensing water in DMF is determined to be 0.00149% (v/v). The solution color of PI-OSi·F returns to colorless when the water content increases, indicating that PI-OSi·F can conveniently estimate water content in DMF by naked-eye detection. The detection mechanisms confirmed by an 1H NMR study and a DFT calculation involve a F−-induced desilylation reaction of PI-OSi to form phenolate anion followed by protonation with trace water. Finally, PI-OSi film was fabricated for the colorimetric detection of F− and water in CH3CN.
Facile Construction of Advanced 1D Metal-Organic Coordination Polymer for Efficient Lithium Storage
Authors: Du Jia , Liu Xueguo , Li Bingke
Published: December 2023

Recently, coordination polymers (CPs) have been frequently reported in the field of energy storage as electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their highly adjustable architectures, which have a variety of active sites and obviously defined lithium transport routes. A well-designed redox-active organic linker with potential active sites for storing lithium ions, pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylate (H2PDA), was applied for generating CPs by a simple hydrothermal method. When employed as anode materials in LIBs, those two one-dimensional (1D) CPs with an isomorphic composition, [M(PDA)(H2O)2]n (M = Co for Co-PDA and Ni for Ni-PDA), produced outstanding reversible capacities and stable cycling performance. The Co-PDA displays a substantial reversible capacity of 936 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1 after 200 cycles, as well as an excellent cycling life at high currents. According to the ex situ characterizations, the high reversible specific capacity of the post-cycled electrodes was found to be a result of both the transition metal ions and the organic ligands, and Co-PDA and Ni-PDA electrode materials show reversible insertion/extraction processes that are accompanied by crystallization to an amorphous state.
Fixation and Visualization of Full Protein Corona on Lipid Surface of Composite Nanoconstruction
Authors: Epanchintseva Anna V. , Poletaeva Julia E. , Bakhno Irina A. , Belov Vladimir V. , Grigor’eva Alina E. , Baranova Svetlana V. , Ryabchikova Elena I. , Dovydenko Ilya S.
Published: December 2023

Spontaneous sorption of proteins on the nanoparticles’ surface leads to the fact that nanoparticles in biological media are always enveloped by a layer of proteins—the protein corona. Corona proteins affect the properties of nanoparticles and their behavior in a biological environment. In this regard, knowledge about the composition of the corona is a necessary element for the development of nanomedicine. Because proteins have different sorption efficacy, isolating particles with a full corona and characterizing the full corona is challenging. In this study, we propose a photo-activated cross-linker for full protein corona fixation. We believe that the application of our proposed approach will make it possible to capture and visualize the full corona on nanoparticles coated with a lipid shell.
Effects of Lanthanum Substitution and Annealing on Structural, Morphologic, and Photocatalytic Properties of Nickel Ferrite
Authors: Dippong Thomas , Toloman Dana , Lazar Mihaela Diana , Petean Ioan
Published: December 2023

Nanoparticles of NiLaxFe2−xO4 ferrite spinel incorporated in a SiO2 matrix were synthesized via a sol-gel method, followed by annealing at 200, 500, and 800 °C. The resulting materials were characterized via XRD, AFM, and BET techniques and evaluated for photocatalytic activity. The XRD diffractograms validate the formation of a single-phase cubic spinel structure at all temperatures, without any evidence of secondary peaks. The size of crystallites exhibited a decrease from 37 to 26 nm with the substitution of Fe3+ with La3+ ions. The lattice parameters and crystallite sizes were found to increase with the rise in La3+ content and annealing temperature. Isotherms were employed to calculate the rate constants for the decomposition of malonate precursors to ferrites and the activation energy for each ferrite. All nanocomposites have pores within the mesoporous range, with a narrow dispersion of pore sizes. The impact of La content on sonophotocatalytic activity was evaluated by studying Rhodamine B degradation under visible light irradiation. The results indicate that the introduction of La enhances nanocomposite performance. The prepared Ni-La ferrites may have potential application for water decontamination.
Engineering Biomimetic Nanoparticles through Extracellular Vesicle Coating in Cancer Tissue Models
Authors: Quiñonero Gema , Gallo Juan , Carrasco Alex , Samitier Josep , Villasante Aranzazu
Published: December 2023

Using nanoparticles (NPs) in drug delivery has exhibited promising therapeutic potential in various cancer types. Nevertheless, several challenges must be addressed, including the formation of the protein corona, reduced targeting efficiency and specificity, potential immune responses, and issues related to NP penetration and distribution within 3-dimensional tissues. To tackle these challenges, we have successfully integrated iron oxide nanoparticles into neuroblastoma-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) using the parental labeling method. We first developed a tissue-engineered (TE) neuroblastoma model, confirming the viability and proliferation of neuroblastoma cells for at least 12 days, supporting its utility for EV isolation. Importantly, EVs from long-term cultures exhibited no differences compared to short-term cultures. Concurrently, we designed Rhodamine (Rh) and Polyacrylic acid (PAA)-functionalized magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4@PAA-Rh) with high crystallinity, purity, and superparamagnetic properties (average size: 9.2 ± 2.5 nm). We then investigated the internalization of Fe3O4@PAA-Rh nanoparticles within neuroblastoma cells within the TE model. Maximum accumulation was observed overnight while ensuring robust cell viability. However, nanoparticle internalization was low. Taking advantage of the enhanced glucose metabolism exhibited by cancer cells, glucose (Glc)-functionalized nanoparticles (Fe3O4@PAA-Rh-Glc) were synthesized, showing superior cell uptake within the 3D model without inducing toxicity. These glucose-modified nanoparticles were selected for parental labeling of the TE models, showing effective NP encapsulation into EVs. Our research introduces innovative approaches to advance NP delivery, by partially addressing the challenges associated with 3D systems, optimizing internalization, and enhancing NP stability and specificity through EV-based carriers. Also, our findings hold the promise of more precise and effective cancer therapies while minimizing potential side effects.
The Polymorphism rs17300539 in the Adiponectin Promoter Gene Is Related to Metabolic Syndrome, Insulin Resistance, and Adiponectin Levels in Caucasian Patients with Obesity
Authors: de Luis Roman Daniel , Izaola Jauregui Olatz , Primo Martin David
Published: December 2023

Background and Aims: The present study was designed to investigate SNP rs17300539 in the ADIPOQ gene and its relationships with obesity, metabolic syndrome (MS), and serum circulating adiponectin. Methods: The present design involved a Caucasian population of 329 subjects with obesity. Anthropometric and adiposity parameters, blood pressure, biochemical parameters, and the percentage of patients with metabolic syndrome were recorded. The ADIPOQ gene variant (rs17300539) genotype was evaluated. Results: The percentage of patients with different genotypes of the rs17300539 polymorphism in this sample was 86.0% (n = 283) (GG), 11.2% (n = 37) (GA), and 2.7% (n = 9) (AA). The allele frequency was G (0.76) and A (0.24). Applying the dominant genetic model (GG vs. GA + AA), we reported differences between genotype GG and genotype GA + AA for serum adiponectin levels (Delta: 7.5 ± 1.4 ng/mL; p = 0.03), triglycerides (Delta: 41.1 ± 3.4 mg/dL; p = 0.01), fastingcirculating insulin (Delta: 4.9 ± 1.1 mUI/L; p = 0.02), and insulin resistance as HOMA-IR (Delta: 1.4 ± 0.1 units; p = 0.02). The remaining biochemical parameters were not related to the genotype of obese patients. The percentages of individuals with MS (OR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.3–3.88; p = 0.01), hypertriglyceridaemia (OR = 2.66, 95% CI = 1.43–5.01; p = 0.01), and hyperglycaemia (OR = 3.31, 95% CI = 1.26–8.69; p = 0.02) were higher in GG subjects than patients with A allele. Logistic regression analysis reported an important risk of the presence of metabolic syndrome in GG subjects (OR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.21–4.11; p = 0.02) after adjusting for adiponectin, dietary energy intakes, gender, weight, and age. Conclusions: The GG genotype of rs17300539 is associated with hypertriglyceridaemia, insulin resistance, low adiponectin levels, and a high risk of metabolic syndrome and its components.
Addressing Patient Requests to Add Dietary Supplements to Their Cancer Care—A Suggested Approach
Authors: Frenkel Moshe , Morse Meroe B. , Narayanan Santhosshi
Published: December 2023

Dietary supplements are widely utilized by cancer patients as part of a complementary and integrative approach to their healthcare. However, a significant portion of patients refrain from discussing their supplement use with their physicians, often due to the perceived indifference or negativity of their healthcare providers. This communication gap exposes patients to unreliable information sources and potential risks associated with uninformed supplementation. As the healthcare landscape evolves, there is an increasing recognition of the pivotal role that physicians play in guiding patients’ healthcare decisions. A patient-centered perspective prioritizes the provision of evidence-based information tailored to the individual’s needs. It advocates for open discussions about potential risks and fosters shared decision making, respecting patient autonomy. Additionally, this approach involves offering alternative options, documenting patient preferences, and ensuring ongoing support while coordinating with the healthcare team. To address these evolving needs, healthcare providers must adopt a transformative perspective, becoming expert guides who engage with their patients as informed and empowered participants. This revised approach emphasizes an open dialogue that balances presenting facts and acknowledging uncertainties surrounding dietary supplement use. Our narrative review of the literature underscores the importance of a practical approach, centered on transparent discussions and respect for patient autonomy. By following this approach, healthcare providers can empower patients to navigate the complexities of dietary supplement use within the context of cancer care, thereby safeguarding patient safety and overall well-being. Notably, our proposed tool highlights the utilization of reliable sources, the risk stratification of supplements, specific recommendations, and subsequent monitoring, providing a structured framework for informed decision making.
High Protein Oral Nutritional Supplements Enable the Majority of Cancer Patients to Meet Protein Intake Recommendations during Systemic Anti-Cancer Treatment: A Randomised Controlled Parallel-Group Study
Authors: Dingemans Anne-Marie , van Walree Nico , Schramel Franz , Soud Magdolen Youssef-El , Baltruškevičienė Edita , Lybaert Willem , Veldhorst Margriet , van den Berg Claudia. A. , Kaasa Stein
Published: December 2023

ESPEN guidelines recommend a minimum protein intake of 1.0 g/kg body weight (BW) per day to maintain or restore lean body mass in patients with cancer. During anti-cancer treatment, optimal protein intake is difficult to achieve. We investigated whether a high-protein, low-volume oral nutritional supplement (ONS) supports patients in meeting recommendations. A multi-centre, randomised, controlled, open-label, parallel-group study was carried out in nine hospitals (five countries) between January 2019 and July 2021 in colorectal and lung cancer patients undergoing first-line systemic treatment with chemo(radio-) or immunotherapy. Subjects were randomised (2:1) to receive Fortimel Compact Protein® or standard care. Protein intake was assessed with a 3-day food diary (primary outcome). BW was a secondary outcome. Due to challenges in recruitment, the study was terminated prematurely with 42 patients randomised (intervention group (IG) 28; control group (CG) 14). At T1 and T2, protein intake was statistically significantly higher in the IG compared to the CG (1.40 vs. 1.07 g/kg/day at T1, p = 0.008; 1.32 vs. 0.94 g/kg/day at T2, p = 0.002). At baseline, only 65% (IG) and 45% (CG) of patients met ESPEN minimum protein intake recommendations. However, at T1 and T2 in the IG, a higher proportion of patients met recommendations than in the CG (88% vs. 55% and 40%). No statistically significant difference between study groups was observed for BW. Mean compliance to the ONS was 73.4%. A high-protein, low-volume ONS consumed twice daily enables the majority of patients to reach minimal ESPEN protein recommendations.
First Detection of West Nile Virus Lineage 2 in Mosquitoes in Switzerland, 2022
Authors: Cazzin Stefania , Liechti Nicole , Jandrasits Damian , Flacio Eleonora , Beuret Christian , Engler Olivier , Guidi Valeria
Published: December 2023

West Nile virus (WNV) is one of the most widespread flaviviruses in the world, and in recent years, it has been frequently present in many Mediterranean and Eastern European countries. A combination of different conditions, such as a favourable climate and higher seasonal average temperatures, probably allowed its introduction and spread to new territories. In Switzerland, autochthonous cases of WNV have never been reported, and the virus was not detected in mosquito vectors until 2022, despite an entomological surveillance in place in Canton Ticino, southern Switzerland, since 2010. In 2022, 12 sites were monitored from July to October, using BOX gravid mosquito traps coupled with honey-baited FTA cards. For the first time, we could detect the presence of WNV in FTA cards and mosquitoes in 8 out of the 12 sampling sites monitored, indicating an unexpectedly widespread circulation of the virus throughout the territory. Positive findings were recorded from the beginning of August until mid-October 2022, and whole genome sequencing analysis identified a lineage 2 virus closely related to strains circulating in Northern Italy. The entomological surveillance has proved useful in identifying viral circulation in advance of possible cases of WNV infection in humans or horses.
Anticandidal Activity of In Situ Methionine γ-Lyase-Based Thiosulfinate Generation System vs. Synthetic Thiosulfinates
Authors: Revtovich Svetlana , Lyfenko Anna , Tkachev Yaroslav , Kulikova Vitalia , Koval Vasiliy , Puchkov Vladimir , Anufrieva Natalya , Solyev Pavel , Morozova Elena
Published: December 2023

Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida species are a common cause of human mucosal infections, as well as bloodstream infections and deep mycoses. The emergence of resistance of Candida spp. to antifungal drugs used in practice requires the search for new antimycotics. The present study unravels the antifungal potential of the synthetic dialk(en)ylthiosulfinates in comparison with an enzymatic in situ methionine γ-lyase-based thiosulfinate generation system (TGS). The kinetics of the TGS reaction, namely, the methionine γ-lyase-catalyzed β-elimination of S-alk(en)yl-L-cysteine sulfoxides, was investigated via 1H NMR spectroscopy for the first time, revealing fast conversion rates and the efficient production of anticandidal dialk(en)ylthiosulfinates. The anticandidal potential of this system vs. synthetic thiosulfinates was investigated through an in vitro assay. TGS proved to be more effective (MIC range 0.36–1.1 μg/mL) than individual substances (MIC range 0.69–3.31 μg/mL). The tested preparations had an additive effect with the commercial antimycotics fluconazole, amphotericin B and 5-flucytosine demonstrating a fractional inhibitory coefficient index in the range of 0.5–2 μg/mL. TGS can be regarded as an attractive candidate for the targeted delivery of antimycotic thiosulfinates and for further implementation onto medically implanted devices.
Gut Microbiota and Endometriosis: Exploring the Relationship and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Xholli Anjeza , Cremonini Francesca , Perugi Isabella , Londero Ambrogio Pietro , Cagnacci Angelo
Published: December 2023

Endometriosis is a common inflammatory disease affecting women of reproductive age, characterized by the growth of endometrial tissue beyond the uterus. In addition to gynecological manifestations, many endometriosis patients experience gastrointestinal symptoms, indicating a potential association between gut health and the disease. Recent studies have revealed alterations in the gut microbiota of individuals with endometriosis, including reduced diversity, microbial composition imbalances, and pathogenic bacteria. These changes can disrupt immune function, increase inflammation, and contribute to the chronic inflammatory state observed in endometriosis. Moreover, dysregulation of intestinal permeability may further exacerbate gastrointestinal symptoms in affected individuals. Understanding the role of the gut microbiota and intestinal permeability in endometriosis can provide valuable insights into disease pathogenesis, aid in non-invasive diagnostic approaches, and open new avenues for therapeutic interventions. Probiotics, in particular, have shown promise in improving endometriosis-associated pain symptoms and reducing endometriotic lesions in animal models. This review suggests that additional research and well-designed clinical trials are necessary to validate the potential diagnostic and therapeutic benefits of manipulating the gut microbiota in managing endometriosis and its gastrointestinal symptoms, thereby improving the quality of life for those affected.
Assessment of Bioprotect’s Biodegradable Balloon System as a Rectal Spacer in Radiotherapy: An Animal Study on Tissue Response and Biocompatibility
Authors: Ramot Yuval , Levin-Harrus Tal , Ezratty Adva , Steiner Michal , Ezov Nati , Domb Abraham J. , Abdel-Haq Muhammad , Shohat Shaul , Aperman Liron , Adler Lee , Dolkart Oleg , Nyska Abraham
Published: December 2023

Prostate cancer is a significant health concern for men, emphasizing the need for effective treatment strategies. Dose-escalated external beam radiotherapy shows promise in improving outcomes but presents challenges due to radiation effects on nearby structures, such as the rectum. Innovative techniques, including rectal spacers, have emerged to mitigate these effects. This study comprehensively assessed tissue responses following the implantation of the Bioprotect biodegradable fillable balloon as a rectal spacer in a rat model. Evaluation occurred at multiple time points (4, 26, and 52 weeks) post-implantation. Results revealed localized tissue responses consistent with the expected reaction to biodegradable materials, characterized by mild to moderate fibrotic reactions and encapsulation, underscoring the safety and biocompatibility of the balloon. Importantly, no other adverse events occurred, and the animals remained healthy throughout the study. These findings support its potential clinical utility in radiotherapy treatments to enhance patient outcomes and minimize long-term implant-related complications, serving as a benchmark for future similar studies and offering valuable insights for researchers in the field. In conclusion, the findings from this study highlight the safety, biocompatibility, and potential clinical applicability of the Bioprotect biodegradable fillable balloon as a promising rectal spacer in mitigating radiation-induced complications during prostate cancer radiotherapy.
Investigation of the Space-Variance Effect of Imaging Systems with Digital Holography
Authors: Yang Xingyu , Zhao Rong , Chen Huan , Du Yijun , Fan Chen , Zhang Gaopeng , Zhao Zixin
Published: December 2023

In classical Fourier optics, an optical imaging system is regarded as a linear space-invariant system, which is only an approximation. Especially in digital holography, the space-variance effect has a great impact on the image quality and cannot be ignored. Therefore, it is comprehensively investigated in this article. Theoretical analyses indicate that the space-variance effect is caused by linear frequency modulation and ideal low-pass filtering, and it can be divided into three states: the approximate space-invariance state, the high-frequency distortion state, and the boundary-diffraction state. Classical Fourier optics analysis of optical imaging systems only considers the first. Regarding the high-frequency distortion state, the closer the image field is to the edge, the more severe the distortion of high-frequency information is. As for the boundary-diffraction state, in addition to the distortion of high-frequency information in the margin, a prominent boundary-diffraction phenomenon is observed. If the space-variance effect of the imaging lens is ignored, we predict that no space-variance effect in image holography will occur when the hologram is recorded at the back focal plane of the imaging lens. Simulation and experimental results are presented to validate our theoretical prediction.
Fissistigma oldhamii (Hemsl.) Merr.: Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Aspects
Authors: Bailly Christian
Published: December 2023

The species Fissistigma oldhamii (Hemsl.) Merr. (Annonaceae) has long been used as a traditional herbal medicine in China to treat diverse human diseases. Decoctions from the roots of the plant (Guā Fù Mù) are used to treat body pain and inflammatory pathologies, such as rheumatic syndromes, sciatica, and osteoarthritis. The phytochemical content of the plant and the associated pharmacological activities have been analyzed. Seventy natural products were identified in the different parts of the plants, namely, the roots, stems, leaves, fruits, and seeds. The compounds comprise many tri- and tetracyclic alkaloids (aporphine-type), anthraquinones, terpenoids, flavonoids, and others. The pharmacological properties of these molecules were analyzed to point out the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and/or antimicrobial effects, together with the underlying modulated pathways and molecular targets in some cases. The panel of phytoconstituents present in F. oldhamii extracts is large, with the majority of bioactive products identified in the roots and stems. Multiple molecules can contribute to the anti-inflammatory properties of the extracts. Network pharmacology analyses of the phytoconstituents are needed to better delineate the effective components and their targets.
Proteomic Approach during the Induction of Somatic Embryogenesis in Coffea canephora
Authors: Quintana-Escobar Ana Odetth , Bojórquez-Velázquez Esaú , Ruiz-May Eliel , Loyola-Vargas Víctor Manuel
Published: December 2023

Plant growth regulators (PGR) are essential for somatic embryogenesis (SE) in different species, and Coffea canephora is no exception. In our study model, previously, we have been able to elucidate the participation of various genes involved in SE by using different strategies; however, until now, we have not used a proteomic approach. This research seeks to contribute to understanding the primary cellular pathways involved in developing SE in C. canephora. The process of our model consists of two stages: (1) preconditioning in MS medium with auxin (NAA) and cytokinin (KIN), and (2) induction in Yasuda liquid medium added with cytokinin (BA). Therefore, in this study, we analyzed different days of the SE induction process using shotgun label-free proteomics. An amount of 1630 proteins was found among different sampling days of the process, of which the majority were accumulated during the induction stage. We found that some of the most enriched pathways during this process were the biosynthesis of amino acids and secondary metabolites. Eighteen proteins were found related to auxin homeostasis and two to cytokinin metabolism, such as ABC, BIG, ILR, LOG, and ARR. Ten proteins and transcription factors related to SE were also identified, like SERK1, SKP1, nuclear transcription factor Y, MADS-box, and calreticulin, and 19 related to other processes of plant development, among which the 14-3-3 and PP2A proteins stand out. This is the first report on the proteomic approach to elucidate the mechanisms that operate during the induction of SE in C. canephora. So, our findings provide the groundwork for future, more in-depth research. Data are available via ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD047172.
A Multiplex PCR System of Novel Microsatellite Loci for Population Genetic Application in Walnuts
Authors: Xiahou Zuo-Ying , Wambulwa Moses C. , Xu Zu-Chang , Ye Lin-Jiang , Fan Peng-Zhen , Magige Ephie A. , Luo Ya-Huang , Liu Jie
Published: December 2023

Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of microsatellite loci allows for simultaneous amplification of two or more pairs of primers in a single PCR reaction; hence, it is cost and time effective. However, very few attempts have been reported in non-model species. In this study, by combining a genome-based de novo development and cross-species application approach, a multiplex PCR system comprising 5 PCR reactions of 33 microsatellites consisting of 26 novel genomic and 7 literature-sourced loci was tested for polymorphisms, cross-species transferability, and the ability to assess genetic diversity and population structure of three walnut species (Juglans spp.). We found that the genome-based approach is more efficient than other methods. An allelic ladder was developed for each locus to enhance consistent genotyping among laboratories. The population genetic analysis results showed that all 33 loci were successfully transferred across the three species, showing high polymorphism and a strong genetic structure. Hence, the multiplex PCR system is highly applicable in walnut species. Furthermore, we propose an efficient pipeline to characterize and genotype polymorphic microsatellite loci. The novel toolbox developed here will aid future ecology and evolution studies in walnut and could serve as a model for other plant species.
Experimental and Numerical Study of Printing Strategy Impact on the Mechanical Properties of Sustainable PLA Materials
Authors: Spišák Emil , Nováková-Marcinčínová Ema , Majerníková Janka , Mulidrán Peter , Nováková-Marcinčínová Ľudmila
Published: December 2023

This article is focused on a mechanical properties investigation of three types of sustainable poly lactic acid materials manufactured using the fused filament fabrication process. The purpose of this work was to study the impact of printing strategies on the mechanical properties and predict mechanical behavior under tensile loading using finite element analysis. The testing of mechanical properties was conducted according to the ISO 527 standard. The numerical simulations were conducted in Simufact Forming 2022 software. Analysis of the experimental data showed a dependance of mechanical properties on the used printing strategy. The Clear PLA samples printed in the XY plane exhibited a 43% reduction in tensile strength and a 49% reduction in elongation compared to samples printed from the same material in YZ plane. The experimental results show the influence of the printing orientation on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed samples.
Deep Proteomic Investigation of Metabolic Adaptation in Mycobacteria under Different Growth Conditions
Authors: Zmyslia Mariia , Fröhlich Klemens , Dao Trinh , Schmidt Alexander , Jessen-Trefzer Claudia
Published: December 2023

Understanding the complex mechanisms of mycobacterial pathophysiology and adaptive responses presents challenges that can hinder drug development. However, employing physiologically relevant conditions, such as those found in human macrophages or simulating physiological growth conditions, holds promise for more effective drug screening. A valuable tool in this pursuit is proteomics, which allows for a comprehensive analysis of adaptive responses. In our study, we focused on Mycobacterium smegmatis, a model organism closely related to the pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis, to investigate the impact of various carbon sources on mycobacterial growth. To facilitate this research, we developed a cost-effective, straightforward, and high-quality pipeline for proteome analysis and compared six different carbon source conditions. Additionally, we have created an online tool to present and analyze our data, making it easily accessible to the community. This user-friendly platform allows researchers and interested parties to explore and interpret the results effectively. Our findings shed light on mycobacterial adaptive physiology and present potential targets for drug development, contributing to the fight against tuberculosis.
The Interaction and Clash of Ideas between Matteo Ricci and the Taizhou School
Authors: Xie Sijie
Published: December 2023

This article explores the interactions between the Taizhou school and Jesuit missionaries during the late Ming dynasty. It reveals the intellectual exchanges between these influential groups in fields such as philosophy and religion and their significance in spreading Western knowledge to the East. The article begins by introducing the complete process of exchanges between Taizhou school representatives like Jiao Hong, Li Zhi, Zhu Shilu, Tang Xianzu, Xu Guangqi, and Jesuit missionaries including Matteo Ricci. It delves into how these interactions influenced the development of their respective thoughts and academic theories. The exchange between the two groups was not a perfect fusion and was filled with contradictions, conflicts, and struggles, particularly on issues such as human nature and cosmology. By studying this process of exchange, we can understand how the intellectual elite of late Ming China accepted and reflected upon Western thought. It also reveals how Western intellectuals used this exchange to comprehend and appreciate Chinese philosophy and culture.
Inclination Trend of the Agulhas Return Current Path in Three Decades
Authors: Lin Yan , Lin Liru , Wang Dongxiao , Yang Xiao-Yi
Published: December 2023

The Agulhas Return Current (ARC), as a primary component of the Agulhas system, contributes to water exchange and mass transport between the southern portions of the Indian and Atlantic Ocean basins. In this study, satellite altimeter data and reanalysis datasets, and a new set of criteria for the piecewise definition of the jet axis are used to explore the long-term change of the ARC’s axis position in recent three decades. It is found that the ARC axis exhibits a significant slanting trend with its western part (35–48°E) migrating northward and the eastern part (48–70°E) migrating southward. The meridional movement of the ARC path could be attributed to large-scale wind forcing. The anomalous surface wind stress curl, by Ekman pumping mechanism, leads to positive–negative–positive sea surface height anomalies in the western section and negative–positive–negative anomalies in the eastern section, thus the ARC axis tilts accordingly, in a northwest–southeast direction. Further analysis suggests that this ARC slanting trend is more dependent on the southward shift of the downstream axis and less on the topographic steering upstream. The downstream axis is more likely to interact with the ACC fronts and its migration could dominate the local EKE pattern by changing the background circulation and energy cascade direction. For the headstream west of 35°E, the ARC axis is more subject to topography, thus the EKE change is more dominated by eddy activity processes, including shedding, propagation and merging. This study provides some new insights into the long-term change of ARC and its interaction with the local EKE variability.
Machine Learning in the Hyperspectral Classification of Glycaspis brimblecombei (Hemiptera Psyllidae) Attack Severity in Eucalyptus
Authors: Gregori Gabriella Silva de , de Souza Loureiro Elisângela , Amorim Pessoa Luis Gustavo , Azevedo Gileno Brito de , Azevedo Glauce Taís de Oliveira Sousa , Santana Dthenifer Cordeiro , Oliveira Izabela Cristina de , Oliveira João Lucas Gouveia de , Teodoro Larissa Pereira Ribeiro , Baio Fábio Henrique Rojo , Silva Junior Carlos Antonio da , Teodoro Paulo Eduardo , Shiratsuchi Luciano Shozo
Published: December 2023

Assessing different levels of red gum lerp psyllid (Glycaspis brimblecombei) can influence the hyperspectral reflectance of leaves in different ways due to changes in chlorophyll. In order to classify these levels, the use of machine learning (ML) algorithms can help process the data faster and more accurately. The objectives were: (I) to evaluate the spectral behavior of the G. brimblecombei attack levels; (II) find the most accurate ML algorithm for classifying pest attack levels; (III) find the input configuration that improves performance of the algorithms. Data were collected from a clonal eucalyptus plantation (clone AEC 0144—Eucalyptus urophilla) aged 10.3 months old. Eighty sample evaluations were carried out considering the following severity levels: control (no shells), low infestation (N1), intermediate infestation (N2), and high infestation (N3), for which leaf spectral reflectances were obtained using a spectroradiometer. The spectral range acquired by the equipment was 350 to 2500 nm. After obtaining the wavelengths, they were grouped into representative interval means in 28 bands. Data were submitted to the following ML algorithms: artificial neural networks (ANN), REPTree (DT) and J48 decision trees, random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and conventional logistic regression (LR) analysis. Two input configurations were tested: using only the wavelengths (ALL) and using the spectral bands (SB) to classify the attack levels. The output variable was the severity of G. brimblecombei attack. There were differences in the hyperspectral behavior of the leaves for the different attack levels. The highest attack level shows the greatest distinction and the highest reflectance values. LR and SVM show better accuracy in classifying the severity levels of G. brimblecombei attack. For the correct classification percentage, the RL and SVM algorithms performed better, both with accuracy above 90%. Both algorithms achieved F-score values close to 0.90 and above 0.8 for Kappa. The entire spectral range guaranteed the best accuracy for both algorithms.
An Innovative Collision-Free Image-Based Visual Servoing Method for Mobile Robot Navigation Based on the Path Planning in the Image Plan
Authors: Albekairi Mohammed , Mekki Hassen , Kaaniche Khaled , Yousef Amr
Published: December 2023

In this article, we present an innovative approach to 2D visual servoing (IBVS), aiming to guide an object to its destination while avoiding collisions with obstacles and keeping the target within the camera’s field of view. A single monocular sensor’s sole visual data serves as the basis for our method. The fundamental idea is to manage and control the dynamics associated with any trajectory generated in the image plane. We show that the differential flatness of the system’s dynamics can be used to limit arbitrary paths based on the number of points on the object that need to be reached in the image plane. This creates a link between the current configuration and the desired configuration. The number of required points depends on the number of control inputs of the robot used and determines the dimension of the flat output of the system. For a two-wheeled mobile robot, for instance, the coordinates of a single point on the object in the image plane are sufficient, whereas, for a quadcopter with four rotating motors, the trajectory needs to be defined by the coordinates of two points in the image plane. By guaranteeing precise tracking of the chosen trajectory in the image plane, we ensure that problems of collision with obstacles and leaving the camera’s field of view are avoided. Our approach is based on the principle of the inverse problem, meaning that when any point on the object is selected in the image plane, it will not be occluded by obstacles or leave the camera’s field of view during movement. It is true that proposing any trajectory in the image plane can lead to non-intuitive movements (back and forth) in the Cartesian plane. In the case of backward motion, the robot may collide with obstacles as it navigates without direct vision. Therefore, it is essential to perform optimal trajectory planning that avoids backward movements. To assess the effectiveness of our method, our study focuses exclusively on the challenge of implementing the generated trajectory in the image plane within the specific context of a two-wheeled mobile robot. We use numerical simulations to illustrate the performance of the control strategy we have developed.
Experimentation in 5G and beyond Networks: State of the Art and the Way Forward
Authors: Caso Giuseppe , Alay Özgü , Brunstrom Anna , Koumaras Harilaos , Díaz Zayas Almudena , Frascolla Valerio
Published: December 2023

After first being standardized by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) in Release 15, 5th Generation (5G) mobile systems have been rapidly deployed worldwide [...]
An Aquaphotomics Approach for Investigation of Water-Stress-Induced Changes in Maize Plants
Authors: Moyankova Daniela , Stoykova Petya , Veleva Petya , Christov Nikolai K. , Petrova Antoniya , Atanassova Stefka
Published: December 2023

The productivity of plants is considerably affected by various environmental stresses. Exploring the specific pattern of the near-infrared spectral data acquired non-destructively from plants subjected to stress can contribute to a better understanding of biophysical and biochemical processes in plants. Experiments for investigating NIR spectra of maize plants subjected to water stress were conducted. Two maize lines were used: US corn-belt inbred line B37 and mutant inbred XM 87-136, characterized by very high drought tolerance. After reaching the 4-leaf stage, 10 plants from each line were subjected to water stress, and 10 plants were used as control, kept under a regular water regime. The drought lasted until day 17 and then the plants were recovered by watering for 4 days. A MicroNIR OnSite-W Spectrometer (VIAVI Solutions Inc., Chandler, AZ, USA) was used for in vivo measurement of each maize leaf spectra. PLS models for determining drought days were created and aquagrams were calculated separately for the plants’ second, third, and fourth leaves. Differences in absorption spectra were observed between control, stressed, and recovered maize plants, as well as between different measurement days of stressed plants. Aquagrams were used to visualize the water spectral pattern in maize leaves and how it changes along the drought process.