bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Stabilization of Heavy Metal by Cement with Quantum Chemistry
Authors: Wang Lei , Chen Qi
Published: June 2014

The quantum chemistry is a kind of efficient theoretical research methodology; it has become an important foundation and core technology to the computational materials science. The researches of melting mechanism, doping mechanism, mechanism of hydration activity can be used in the related areas of stabilization of heavy metal by cement. Density functional theory is reviewed in the study of the affective mechanism of cement hydration activity and the intensity of hydration by heavy metal, the mechanism of fixating heavy metals by mineral and the mechanism of lowering melting temperature. It is considered that quantum chemistry can be used to make a simulation at the micro level to explore the mechanism of cement-enclosed heavy metals and has a perfect theoretical guiding significance for further research.
Study on Rapid High-Efficient Composting Process of Sewage Sludge
Authors: Zhao Ke , Zhang Yu , Zhang Yu Ting , Yin Ying Ying
Published: June 2014

Based on the static composting process of municipal sewage sludge, the parameters of the treatment process were studied, including moisture, temperature, pH, organic matter, total phosphorus, the number of bacterial and GI(Germination Index). The decomposition of organic matter and phosphorus concentration were obvious and the amount of bacteria varied regularly. After the composting, pH, water contend, organic matter and GI all met Disposal of sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plant-Control standard for agricultural use.
Effect of Bentonite and β-Cyclodextrin Addition on H2S and NH3 Emissions during Kitchen Waste Composting
Authors: Zhang Hong Yu , Li Guo Xue , Yang Jin Bing , Yang Qing Yuan
Published: June 2014

In order to reduce odor emissions such as NH3 and H2S, this study designed experiments to investigate the effects of bentonite and β-cyclodextrin on producing and releasing H2S and NH3 during kitchen waste composting. All experiments were performed in simulated composting device. The results showed that the productions of H2S were reduced by 16.4% and 13.7% for the treatments of 2% and 3% that compared to addition 1% bentonite, the productions of NH3 were reduced by 0.1% and 54.8% for the treatments of 1% and 3% that compared to 2% bentonite addition. For the treatments of β-cyclodextrin addition, the productions of H2S were reduced by 33.9% and 31.0% for the treatments of 1% and 2% that compared to addition 3% β-cyclodextrin, the productions of NH3 were reduced by 30.8% and 23.5% for the treatments of 1% and 3% that compared to 2% β-cyclodextrin addition. After integrating the reduction of NH3 and H2S emission, 3% bentonite and 1% β-cyclodextrin addition are the preferred during kitchen waste composting. Compared with bentonite and β-cyclodextrin, β-cyclodextrin is the better additive for the odor control during kitchen waste composting.
A Multi-Objective Decision-Making Model for Water Demand Management Based on ET Indicator
Authors: Lu Fan , Wang Ming Na , Zhang Dong Dong , Gan Zhi Guo , Weng Bai Sha
Published: June 2014

This paper aims at comprehensively considering the mutual coupling between available water resources and water consumption in (i) a regional social economy system; (ii) a macro-economy system; and (iii) an ecological environmental system. The main focus is to investigate the impact of controlling the total amount of ET and to be able to utilize water resources efficiently. An analytic model for multi-objective decision making of water demand management based on ET indicator is developed in order to research the strategies and corresponding water demand schemes that are relevant to future objectives for economic development, agricultural development, ET regulation and control, water engineering investment, and water environment management of Beijing. Various scenarios examined in the study indicate the validity of the proposed method in analyzing water demand administrative decisions.
Decoupling Economic Development and Water Consumption: An Empirical Analysis in China between 1997 and 2008
Authors: Wang Kui , Deng Yi , Jiang Xia Hua
Published: June 2014

In order to explore the relationship between water consumption (WC) and economic growth (EG) in China, this paper introduced the concepts related with decoupling in the fields of resources and environmental research to define the decoupling EG from WC. Furthermore, the assessing approach was built up and a coefficient was proposed to estimate the decoupling degree. Afterwards, the relations between WC and EG from 1997 to 2008 were investigated. The results show strong decoupling of agricultural WC from GDP of primary industry and weak decoupling of WC from EG. It can be concluded that agricultural WC plays an important role to improve the decoupling degree between WC and EG.
Mechanism of Sediment Flocs Formation in the Three Gorges Reservoir
Authors: Wang Dang Wei , Ji Zu Wen , Dong Zhan Di , Hu Hai Hua
Published: June 2014

Settling velocity of sediment increases if flocculating occurred, and this enlarges deposition in reservoirs. According to water environmental factors in the Three Gorges reservoir, potential energy and forces between particles are evaluated based on DLVO theory. The critical water dynamics conditions were obtained by comparing extremum in synthetic potential curve and kinetic energy caused by relative velocity between particles. It is found that sediment flocculating is apt to happen when water level is high according to flow dynamics in the Three Gorges reservoir. The flocs are relatively loose and which is prone to be broken by water shear force. So the settling velocity of the flocculation is limited and the critical diameter of sediment is 0.019mm under which the sediments are affected by flocculating, and the settling velocity should be revised according to the limited settling velocity of flocculation when sediments are smaller than the critical diameter.
Numerical Simulation of the Residual Current during the Dry Season in the Lingdingyang Bay, China
Authors: Wang Biao , Zhu Jian Rong
Published: June 2014

The hydrodynamics in the Lingdingyang Bay of the Pearl River Estuary is complicated due to the combined effect of river runoff, tide and bathymetry. In this paper, the residual current patterns were investigated in the Lingdingyang Bay during the dry season based on Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM). The horizontal distributions of the residual current suggest that during both neap and spring tide the residual current is relatively strong at the surface while it weakens quite a lot at the bottom. Due to the northeasterly wind, a lateral circulation westward at the surface and eastward at the bottom is also found, which is more evident during neap tide than spring tide. The vertical profiles of residual current along deep channels show an obvious spring-neap variation, with the strongest estuarine circulation pattern during the moderate tide after neap.
Parallel Computing for Analysis on Intersections between Fractures in Rock Masses
Authors: Li Zhi Yu , Wang Ming Yu , Zhao Jian Hui
Published: June 2014

Fractures dominate the path for fluid flow in fractured rock masses, which is a main concern in groundwater protection, coal mine safety and energy exploitation, e.g., petroleum and geothermal resources. Intersection analysis is one crucial procedure for discrete fracture network modeling as it can provide necessary information for evaluating the connectivity of fractures. This paper is proposed to improve the performance of intersection analysis by means of parallel computing. The algorithm is designed in view of both the computational efficiency and the smooth connection with other procedures in modeling. Numerical study indicates that the proposed parallel algorithm is practical and can significantly reduce the calculation time of intersection analysis under large scale simulations.
Research on Ecological Compensation Route and Profit of Flood Resources Utilization from River
Authors: Feng Feng , Xing Guang Yan , Rong Xiao Ming
Published: June 2014

In order to make use of the flood utilization in a more scientific, reasonable, safety and effective way, the author has taken the flood resources as an effective utilizable resource for regional ecological compensation and carried out the research on its function mechanism, the compensation mode and effect according to the principle avoiding risk and playing interests. Based on the full-process analysis and benefits' quantitative calculation, this essay has drawn the flow process of the flood utilization from the source to the end for different utilization mode (such as reservoir, pond, wetland, irrigation area utilization, etc.), carrying out the benefits' quantitative calculation after the benefits identification. Meanwhile, the author has analyzed the ecological compensation effect, making clear the principle and the corresponding quantitative relations between flood utilization mode and ecological compensation effect, which has laid the basis for seeking the most scientific & reasonable ecological compensation mode for flood utilization.
Comparative Analysis of the Genome Sequence of the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)-Degrading Bacterium Advenella kashmirensis W13003
Authors: Wang Xin Xin , Li Chen , Zhao Li Bin , Wu Liang , An Wei , Chen Yu
Published: June 2014

The genomes of Advenella have been sequenced to date, which are important bacteria in environment. However, the genome of a single strain can only provide limited information on genetic diversity. Here, genomes of Advenella were compared by bioinformatics methods. A total of 2438 genes were shared by 3 strains of Advenella. Amino acid transport and metabolism related genes dominated the shared genes of Advenella, indicates the importance of these genes to the survival of Advenella. Genes encoding protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase was highly conserved in the genus Advenella. This comparative analysis presents a foundation for future understanding of the biodiversity of Advenella.
Research on Optimal Index Set Based on Consequence-Reverse-Diffusion Method of Yellow River Downstream Embankment
Authors: Feng Feng , Jia Hong Tao , Rong Xiao Ming
Published: June 2014

Constructing a scientific, reasonable, all-encompassing, and representative-strong index system is an important premise and guarantee for the good embankment-safety-evaluation of Yellow River. Therefore, the embankment safety-influencing-factor identification has been raised based on consequence-reverse-diffusion method, which can be used to seek the main factors leading to accidents by reverse-thinking and reverse-diffusion way. The main factors which lead to the embankment accident shall be found out according to the accident form, then spreading to the specific influence-factor. As a result, the author has made a classification and extraction for the identified safety-influence-factors, and constructed the optional index-set and index-system for the Yellow River embankment-safety-evaluation after analyzing the content of the safety-influence-factors, which has laid a solid foundation for further embankment safety assessment for the Yellow River embankment construction.
Runoff Variation Trend of Three Diversions in Recent 60 Years and the Analysis of Influencing Factors
Authors: Zhong Yi Wei , Li Jing Bao
Published: June 2014

Three-diversions is the only channel of the runoff between the Yangtze River and Donting Lake. So it is meaningful to study the variation of runoff and the causes of such change in three diversions. By accumulative anomaly analysis method, the changing of runoff and the inflection points are analyzed. The results show the runoff decreases in the recent 60years and the inflection point was in the late 1960s and early 1970s. And then the comparative method of the slope changing ratio of accumulative quantity is used to compute the contribution rates of each factor to the runoff variation. The results show the precipitation is significant to the runoff variation, and the contribution rates of hydraulic engineering increased first, then decreased and tends to be stable.
Analysis of Sustainable Deep Groundwater Development Scenarios in Huantai County
Authors: Chen Shi Lei , Li Xue Yuan , Bian Kai , Zhao Ying Wang , Li Bo
Published: June 2014

On the basis of the geology and hydrogeology, a three-dimensional numerical groundwater model in the study area was developed to evaluate the deep groundwater resources and avoid the groundwater level declining. According to the long-term water supply plan, water resources characteristics and exploitation status quo of Huantai county, three kinds of groundwater utilization scheme had been designed. The best sustainable groundwater exploitation scheme is determined by using the numerical model to simulate three kinds of mining schemes and analyze the corresponding groundwater flow field. The result shows that maintaining the status quo mining conditions will make the groundwater level decline further. Only reducing industrial exploitation and keeping domestic water mining can improve the conditions, but still difficult to solve the problem. The aim of utilization of deep groundwater can achieve only by reducing disordered water exploitation for production and living.
Analysis on Driving Factors of Regional Water Environmental System Vulnerability Based on Set Pair Exponential Potential
Authors: Wang Yan Hua , Pan Zheng Wei , Zhou Rong Xing , Ding Kun
Published: June 2014

Set pair potential, indicates an identical-discrepancy-contrary trend of two sets discussed in the case of specific problems. This trend can show weak tendency of regional water environmental system vulnerability, consequently set pair potential has been used to analyze its driving factors. In traditional set pair, contrary degree is restricted since that contrary degree does not vanish is the necessary condition by definition, as a result that traditional set pair potential does not have general validity. Therefore taking advantage of exponential function to improve the traditional set pair potential, and a new definition of set pair exponential potential was proposed. Then an analysis model of driving factors of regional water environmental system vulnerability was established based on this new potential and the model was used to analyze the factors in Anhui province, China. Some results have been obtained that the driving factors of water environmental system vulnerability in Anhui province mainly include: degree of regional development level, per capita water resources, marsh area ratio, soil erosion area ratio, industrial wastewater standard discharge rate and the ratio of investment in water environmental governance (protection) to GDP.
Analysis on Hydrogeological Conditions of Nanlizhuang Iron Ore in China
Authors: Zhang Li Li , Song Feng , Liu Xin She , She Shu Qun , Wang Yun , Zeng Yi Fan
Published: June 2014

In allusion to mining design of succedent filling method on heavy-water deposit of Nanlizhuang iron ore, based on engineering geology, hydrogeological conditions of the mining area are studied. Through geological structure, strata and deposit hydrogeological condition were surveyed, analyzed source of water filling and main way of the ore deposit, and determined hydrogeology parameters of the mining area. It provided the theoretical basis for mining design and water inflow forecast, and will lay the foundation for safety production and production capacity of the mine.
Design and Implement of Construction Management Information System for Water Resource Project
Authors: Li Zhe , Zhang Sui
Published: June 2014

There exist several problems in the field of water resource construction management, such as large capital investment, high quality requirement, and inconsistent personnel diathesis. Based on the technical standards and regulations issued by the ministry of water resource, China, a construction management information system for water resource project (CMIS-WR) is designed and developed. The system is based on the requirement analysis from user classification and business workflow process. And its construction objective, system structure, and key technologies are also discussed in full details. Later, Hubei Zhanghe Irrigation System is selected as a system user, and several business processes are conducted in the system to validate function performances, including basic information publicity, tendering and bidding information publicity, and project commencement approval.
Impact of Global Warming on Water Requirement of Main Crops in Oasis Irrigated Area in Yanqi Basin
Authors: Fu Ai Hong , Chen Ya Ning , Li Wei Hong
Published: June 2014

After simulating climate scenarios using incremental scenarios, the impact of future climate change on water requirement of winter wheat, summer corn and cotton in Yanqi basin was analyzed. The results showed that, (1) There was linearly proportional relationship between the crop water demand and increased temperature; when the future temperature rose 1-4 °C, the relative and absolute increase of water requirement of summer corn and winter wheat were more than that of cotton; the absolute and relative growth of water requirement of cotton was smaller. (2) In the different region, the relative increase of water requirement in Yanqi County was more than that of any other county; the relative growth of Hejing County is smaller 0.5%-47.21% than that of Yanqi County. The absolute increase of water requirement in Hejing County was the largest; the absolute increase in Heshuo County was the minimum, smaller 0.413-2.955mm than that of Hejing county. (3) Climate warming impacted on irrigation water demand of summer corn and cotton seriously, with the minimum impact on that of winter wheat. When the temperature rose 1-4°C, total irrigation water requirement in Yanqi basin increased by 6.02, 13.99, 20.87 and 28.17 ×108 m3. It can be seen that, it is appropriate to reduce summer corn planting area in the Yanqi basin, especially in Hejing county in the dry years.
Research and Application in Ecological Revetment of the Mountain River
Authors: Liu Rui , Peng Er Rui , Fan Qiang
Published: June 2014

According to the characteristics of the mountain river, we explore new methods of river ecological studies in mountain revetment application. As the existing river training measures based mainly on engineering, it makes the linear shape of the river, the rules section of the river, revetment material hardening of the river. While increasing the river's flood drainage capacity, it destroyed the river's natural ecosystem. This paper presents an ecological revetment method combine chain-typed concrete with sash concrete, achieving better results in the application of Shikui River training works, it not only meets the requirements of flood control embankment, but also reduces soil erosion, while keeping biological diversity, and sustaining use of water resources. It has a good prospect in the maintenance of ecologically sustainable development in the environment engineering construction.
Research on Water Option Pricing Problem Based on the Binary Tree Model
Authors: Zhou Jin Mei , Wu Feng Ping
Published: June 2014

Along with the progress of the water-saving technology, the water users who have excess water resources by using water saving technology may transfer the spare water rights to whom with water shortage. As a new attempt to water rights transaction, water options transaction has fully showed its efficiency and flexibility, and the water options pricing problem is the key problem in the process of trading. Using market mechanism enables water users participate in water rights transaction independently, water users who have excess water resources hold American put options based on the water rights, can use the binary tree pricing model to analyze the value of the American put option at various stages to help them deciding whether to perform rights or give up rights.
Theoretical Derivation and Simulation of the Equation of Evaporation Line in Water Evaporation
Authors: Hu Hai Ying , Huang Hua Mao
Published: June 2014

The Rayleigh fractionation model is first deduced by the principle of dynamic reaction, which indicates that Rayleigh fractionation can be explained by dynamic characteristics of isotopic molecules in the reaction process. Subsequently, the analytic expression of evaporation line is deduced under equilibrium condition in the open systems of Rayleigh mode, which shows that it is an exponential form. The simulation results show that the slope of the evaporation line under equilibrium condition changes with the temperature that the higher the temperature is, the smaller the slope is and thus the higher the degree of enrichment is. This research can provide reference basis for better understanding the dynamic characteristics of isotopic molecules in evaporation process.
Understanding Water Consumption and Demand in China
Authors: Zhang Biao , Liu Xiu Li
Published: June 2014

The impact factors of the water consumption changes from 1999 to 2002 and from 2002 to 2007 in China are studied with structural decomposition analysis(SDA) model.Firstly, we combine the classical IPAT model with consumer endogenous input-output local closed model, then decompose the impact factors of water consumption changes with the combined model.Secondly, we analyze the direct effect of final demand on water consumption changes.
The main results are as follows: (1) At the structural level, the increase of the GDP per capita is the main factor of water consumption increase, the decrease of water use intensity is the main factor of water consumption decrease.(2)At the final demand level, the total final demand change is the main factor of water consumption change, whose effect exceeds water use intensity decrease and the change of technical level. Among the components of final demand, investment is the main factor of water consumption growth, which exceeds the effects of government consumption and net exports.
Water Resources Adaptive Management to Cope with Uncertainty
Authors: Shi Yun Li
Published: June 2014

Water resources managers shall fully consider about the complexity of managed system, especially the uncertainty, which requires adaptive management. This paper describes the connotation, principles, composition and conditions for implementation etc of adaptive management, which emphasizes concepts of uncertainty, surprises and resilence, and is a cycle process of formulating, implementing, monitoring, evaluating, feedback and adjusting policies. Water resources adaptive management requires guarantee of policies, laws, finance and information etc, and has a broad prospect of coping with climate changes and restoring river ecology etc.
Effect of Ceramsite Mulching on Soil Water Content and Temperature
Authors: Tan Xue Hong
Published: June 2014

This study investigated the effects of ceramsite mulching on soil water content and temperature in the central isolation belt of an expressway in Hebei province, China. Ceramsite mulching effectively improved the soil water content, and reduced the disparity between different soil layers in different months. The order of soil water content at different soil depths or in different months was: two layers of mulching (M2) > one layer of mulching (M1) > bare soil (MD). The effect of ceramsite mulching on soil water content decreased with soil depth. The effect of ceramsite mulching on soil temperature decreased with soil depth from 0cm to 15cm. ceramsite mulching had a cooling effect above 5cm,but had a heating effect at 15cm.M2 balanced soil temperature better than M1.
Flow Velocity of Nature-Like Channel Embedded with Stones
Authors: Kim Jin Hong
Published: June 2014

Comparisons between theoretical and experimental results of the flow velocity of the nature-like channel embedded with stones were performed and the application range of the velocity formula was proposed in this study. Comparisons showed that variances of theoretical and experimental results in the rough bed are larger than those in the smooth bed, which implied that Rouve equation is applied better in the relatively smooth bed. Rouve equation is not applied well in the range of steep slope (s>1/20) and low depth (h<0.5m) with the effect of eddies and turbulences.
IGW Groundwater Numerical Simulation Software in Power Plant Prediction of Groundwater Contamination
Authors: Liu Yu Jie , Cao Hui , An Qiang , Xie De Chang , Huang Ning Qiu
Published: June 2014

Given the increasing groundwater exploitation, an attempt is enforced to establish the hydro geological conceptual model of this area. This carries on the numerical simulation of groundwater flow by using the IGW, which is known as the international standard software. The mathematical model established in this paper has reflected the local practical hydro geological conditions and can be used to predict and manage groundwater resources.
Edible Salt Plus D-Gal Accelerate Aging Progress
Authors: Wan Peng , Wei Cheng Xi , Wu Jian Long , Jin Qing Hua
Published: June 2014

Edible salt (ES) is also thought to exacerbate the symptoms of Alzheimer, however, the in vivo function of ES remains poorly understand. In this work, we investigated the phenomenon using the model of Alzheimer induced by D-gal. The behavious examination results exhibited that D-gal plus ES can weaken spatial memory function in the Morris water maze; the activities of T-SOD, GSH-Px and the CAT level in both hippocampus and cortex showed that D-gal plus ES decreased the expression of T-SOD and GSH-Px, but the expression of CAT increased, the protein expression determined in both of the hippocampus and cortex demonstrated that COX-2, iNOS, NFκ-B-p65-N proteins were significantly increased. It is possible that ES acts through several mechanisms, mediating a potential role in memory damage in mice. These results suggest that further study is necessary to evaluate the effect of salt on damage of memory and to determine the molecular mechanisms.
The Discharge Outlets Layout Optimization of Typical River Section in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area
Authors: Wang Zheng , Liu Ying
Published: June 2014

To improve water quality and alleviate pollution in Changshou-Fuling section of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, an analysis methodology of regional key discharge outlet based on hydrodynamic-water quality model was developed. The EFDC model was used to study the impact of different discharge outlets on the transport of contamination in the study area by using the concept of pollutant mixing zone and pollutant mixing zone per unit load. Model calibration was conducted using observed data in 2008. Results indicated that EFDC could perfectly simulate hydrodynamics characteristics and contaminant transport process. Calculated results of pollutant mixing zone per unit load showed that the discharge outlet location in Fuling is more reasonable than that in Changshou. This study provides useful information for optimization of discharge outlets location and prediction of pollutant mixing zone in the study area, which is important for the government to make water pollution control measures.
Prediction of Water Quality Using Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Du Qiao Ling , Ren Zeng Hua , Liu Zhen Ze , Wang Yi Ding
Published: June 2014

In this paper a fuzzy logic prediction method is proposed to assess water quality status of a reservoir in northeast China through wireless sensor networks. This model was used to analyze the historical data that were collected monthly by local monitoring stations and predict water quality level. Six water quality parameters of BOD5, COD, fluoride, ammonia, total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN) were monitored from 2011 to 2012. This result indicated that the methodology adopted in this study was basically an attractive alternative, offering a relatively fast algorithm to predict the water quality parameters.
Study on Fly Ash for Conditioning of Specific Resistance of Sludge Water
Authors: Liu Bing Tao , Liu Yi Ming , Zhao Li Min
Published: June 2014

Effect of the dosage of flocculants on sludge dewatering is analyzed through the determination of sludge specific resistance to filtration. Sludge dewatering behaviors conditioned on Polymeric aluminum, PAM, fly ash and composite flocculants have been compared. The results show all the conditioning agent have help to sludge dewatering. Fly ash from electric power plant as conditioning agent can greatly reduce the specific resistance of sludge and the dewatering performance can be improved.The optimal dosage of fine powdered coal is 20g/100mL and coarse powdered coal is 30g/100mL.Powdered coal is mixed with sludge to form filter cake which is blended with coal in certain proportion to make into fuel.
Biological Phosphorus Removal Combined with Ferrous Chemical Phosphorus Removal
Authors: Fan Jie , Hu Han , Zhang Ying , Zhu Lei
Published: June 2014

Chemical phosphorus removal is widely applied to enhance the biological phosphorus removal in order to meet the discharge requirement. Performance change caused by ferrous sulfate was investigated in this study. Compared to the control system which was not chemically dosed, pH and SVI slightly decreased while conductivity increased. The correlation between phosphorus and conductivity was weakened. The release and uptake of potassium declined, illustrating a negative impact of chemical precipitant on phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAO). The phosphorus uptake decreased while phosphorus release fluctuated. The phosphorus was not suitable for revealing the metabolic activity of PAO due to formation of ferric phosphate and ferric hydroxide.
Design on the Optimal Diversion System of Sewage Interception System around Dianchi Lake
Authors: Xie Qing Jie , Gu Ya Ming , Zhang En , Sun Cong Ming
Published: June 2014

Dianchi water pollution control engineering has been carried out for decades. The point source pollution has been progressively effective controlled, while the non-point source pollution seems increasingly urgent. The Dianchi Link Lake sewage interception systems optimization diversion system is dveloped to exert integrated interception performance fully in Dianchi Link Lake interception system and research the optimal diversion programs of sewage interception systems in different areas of Dianchi Lake Basin. This paper describes the general idea, structure, function and technology roadmap of the system design. From the perspective of optimal diversion and decision supporting, the methods of computer running mode diversion, content and steps are found to provide new ideas for digital management and analysis of pollution in Dianchi Lake interception system.
A Study of Local Drag Characteristics in Elbow Pipe
Authors: Feng Wen
Published: June 2014

Many empirical formulas and diagrams have been employed to determine resistance coefficient of elbow/bend pipes. However, a big discrepancy of calculation results obtained from these formulas/diagrams exists. So it is difficult for users to choose an appropriate formula to calculate resistance coefficient of an elbow/bend pipe. In this paper, a comparison of several common formulas was made. And variations of resistance coefficient with both bend angle and curvature radius were graphically shown for reference of selection. In addition, flow characteristics in elbow pipe were analyzed.
Study on Pure Aqueous Extraction Method of PHB/Ectoine Co-Products Based on Osmotic Downshock
Authors: Chen Qing , Wang Te , Zhao Jin Dan , Kang Fu Hui , Zhang Yi Ming , Zhang Ling Hua
Published: June 2014

The simultaneously co-production of Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and ectoine in a process (PHB/Ect co-production) and co-products extraction have great significant for reducing the manufacture cost and promoting industrialization of PHB and ectoine. The pure aqueous extraction method based on osmotic downshock was used for the extraction of PHB/Ect co-products by H. salina. The effects of osmotic pressure, extraction temperature and extraction time on the extraction rate of PHB were investigated. The ectoine was extracted and purified by the techniques of hollow fiber and ion exchange. The optimal conditions for PHB extraction were osmotic downshock in pure water, extraction temperature at 60 °C and extraction for 4 h. The extraction rate of PHB was 87.5%. The extraction rate of ectoine was 84.2%.
Effect of Seasonal Variation on Iron Release in Drinking Water Distribution Systems
Authors: Tan Hao Qiang , He Wen Jie , Han Hong Da
Published: June 2014

Analyzing the seasonal variation of water quality, the indices which include total iron, pH, temperature, DO, alkalinity and hardness were of high statistical significance, and total iron had a high correlation with temperature, which influences many parameters influencing iron release, such as DO, solution viscosity, thermodynamic properties and microbial activity. Therefore, it can be concluded that temperature is a main factor that affects iron release in seasonal change for drinking water distribution systems. Variation in season and temperature should be paid attention to in practice of water supply.
Experimental Test of Dynamic Moving Characteristics for Leak Detecting-Ball in Water Mains
Authors: Chen Si Jia , Shao Yu , Tao Liang , Zhao Ying Ying , Jing Han Feng , Zhang Tu Qiao
Published: June 2014

The leak detecting-ball moving in pipes combined the sensors of the acoustic leak detection achieves the high responsiveness to small leaks of the water distribution system (WDS). The dynamic characteristics of the single sphere moving inside pressure pipes are studied for optimal design of the leak detecting-ball. The experimental balls having different densities are made of three types of material by using 3D printing, including tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), photosensitive resin (PR) and wax. The balls have densities from 1.06 to 1.35 and different diameters, ball-to-pipe diameter ratios from 0.32 to 0.5. The Reynolds numbers of the pipe flows are from 1400 to 50000. The moving velocity of the balls with different pipe flow velocities, ball densities, and ball-to-pipe diameter ratios are investigated through the laboratory experiments. The velocities of balls in some of the experimental tests are greater than the average flow velocity. These larger balls rolled faster than the average flow velocity because of the maximum thrust by the pressure flow in the center of the circular tube section.
Study on Achievement and Temperature Influence of Shortcut Nitrification in Sequencing Biofilm Batch Reactor
Authors: Zhang Li Cheng , Dang Wei , Li Jie , Sui Jun
Published: June 2014

The intermittent aeration strategy was applied to the sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) for the enhanced treatment of urban sewage. Ammonia oxidizing bacteria was cultivated by inoculation. After 25 days cultivation shortcut nitrification was successfully achieved and nitrite accumulation rate could be up to 93%. In the start-up phase of shortcut nitrification, intermittent aeration could increase production of nitrite and promote the enrichment of ammonia oxidizing bacteria. It was concluded that temperature could affect nitrite accumulation. When temperature is in 25~35°C, the nitrite accumulation rate could be up to 90%.
Application of Numerical Simulation in the Analysis of Water Supply Stability of Power Plant
Authors: Zou You Ping , Li Lei
Published: June 2014

Currently, the mine water inflow is often forecasted by using the large diameter well method, but under complicated hydrogeological conditions where Dupuit well flow formula is not suitable, the said method is not applicable. The paper takes an example of the water inflow forecast of Chaokewula Coal Mine and discusses the solution of adopting the numerical simulation software Visual Modflow: the simulation scope is defined by analyzing the hydrogeological conditions of Chaokewula Coal Mine to set a mathematical model that fits the actual situation. The model can be identified and verified based on the set model boundary conditions, model spatial discretization, initial conditions and simulation period. Forecast the water inflow of each working face in 30 years by using the underground water numerical simulation software Visual MODFLOW so as to provide a basis for the stability estimation of the mines power plant water supply.
Keywords: Numerical Simulation, Water Inflow, Power Plant Water Supply
A Study on the Test of Trace POPs Used in Foam Concentrates
Authors: Zhuang Shuang
Published: June 2014

The study offers a detailed explanation of performance, origin and classification of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The paper also overviews the current status in applying POPs in foam concentrates and its test method in China. The author indicates that to test perfluorooctane sulfonates (PFOS) in foam concentrates involves two steps, pretreatment and test. Provided the test equipment is of high reliability and validity, test result solely depends on the result of pretreatment.
Character Exploration for River Ecology Condition Based on Factor Analysis
Authors: Gao Yu Ting , Gao Jia Rong
Published: June 2014

The basis of analysis of the ecological health of the river is taken into account, including water quantity, water quality, riparian zone, the physical structure of organisms and other elements to explore a new method based on factor analysis of river ecosystem health. 21 typical reaches along villages of Tang River in Beijing are measured using the method of 17 indexes system to analyze the index relevance for Tang River ecosystem health. The results showed that midstream of Tang River ecological health relevant factors are riverbed, water and biological effects, water quality, water-soil interaction, the downstream river bank only have slope factor, and significantly related reaches are distributed in water and biological effects, heart beach shape, river curvature, slope degree more. The evaluation results raised the indexes and reach affecting river ecological condition, to provide scientific guidance for the ecological restoration of Tang River (Beijing Reach).
Characteristics of Pore Types of Weibei Gas Shales: An Investigation by FESEM with Ar-Ion Milling
Authors: Wu Jian Guo , Luo Yong , Bai Ya Dong , Wang Ai
Published: June 2014

By combining thin-section description, minerals analysis, Ar-ion milling, FESEM and EDX, this article identifies and documents a variety of pore types in Weibei shales. These pores can be classified into three categories as interparticle pores, intraparticle pores and organic-matters intraparticle pores. Although with different shapes and origins, they are all large enough to store gas molecules. Moreover, some types of pores have favorable connectivity with others, thus providing permeability pathways for migration of hydrocarbon molecules.
Interaction Effects of Polyacrylamide Application Rate, Molecular Weight, and Slope Gradient on Runoff and Soil Loss under Sprinkler Irrigation
Authors: Li Fa Hu , Wang Ai Ping , Wu L. S.
Published: June 2014

Runoff and soil loss affect both farmland productivity and environmental quality. This study tested the interaction effects among polyacrylamide (PAM) application rate, PAM molecular weight, and slope gradient on runoff and soil loss under simulated sprinkler irrigation in laboratory. Experimental treatments consisted of four PAM application rates of 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g m-2, two PAM molecular weights of 12 and 18 Mg mol-1, and three slope gradients of 5o, 15o, and 25o. Results indicated that compared with the control treatment, PAM application generally decreased total runoff volume but increased soil loss. Total runoff volume and soil loss increased with the increased PAM application rate. Under control treatment, total runoff volume increased with the increased slope gradient. However, total runoff volume was similar for different slope gradients when PAM application rates were 0.5 and 1.0 g m-2, but it decreased with the increased slope gradient when PAM application rate was 2.0 g m-2. Total soil loss increased with the increase of slope gradient under experimental conditions. Polyacrylamide molecular weight did not affect total runoff volume but did soil loss significantly at P < 0.001, and a high PAM molecular weight resulted in less soil loss than a low one did. Statistical analysis demonstrated that there existed a significant interaction effect at P < 0.001 between PAM application rate and soil slope gradient on runoff volume and soil loss. The interaction effects between PAM molecular weight and slope gradient or among PAM application rate, PAM molecular weight, and slope gradient on soil loss were also significant at P < 0.01. A PAM application rate less than 2 g m-2 is suggested to control water and soil loss on sloped lands under sprinkler irrigation.
Research of Sand Drift Potential and Wind Conditions in Xilamuren Grassland
Authors: Yue Zheng Wen , Zhang Rui Qiang , Gao Tian Ming
Published: June 2014

Using the wind data in Xilamuren desert grassland by wind erosion monitoring system to record the years of 2011-2013 as the research foundations, through the statistics of wind and sand transport potential research, from aspect of the characteristics of blown sand environment Xilamuren desert grassland which can be shown the research area are mainly affected by the westerly, Northwest westerly wind or northwest wind three group interaction. The study area of annual sediment potential had mainly effected by westerly and Northwest westerly wind direction ,with wind direction variability index in 0.51°~ 0.61°, belonging to the intermediate ratio range of direction. Annual sediment potential was between 135.95VU ~214.1VU,belongs to the small and medium-sized wind environment. The spring sand transport potential and the resultant sand transporting potential than the other three seasons of sediment transport potential and the resultant sand transporting potential, the main direction of resultant sand transporting potential to Northwest westerly direction, wind direction variability index is relatively large. For spring grassland vegetation coverage rate is lowly, wind speed is large, characteristics of sand is belong to rich material, which should we to retain sand material through the appropriate protective measures to reduce wind erosion. So analyzing the wind regime and the theory of sediment transport potential calculation, provide scientific theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of sand and harm to the Xilamuren grassland sand flow process.
Study of Adsorption of Cu2+ and Ni2+ from Aqueous Solutions Using β-Cyclodextrin Modified Zeolites
Authors: Li Xiao Hong , Hao Xue Kui
Published: June 2014

Adsorption of Cu2+ and Ni2+ from aqueous solution on CCDMZ was investigated. The adsorption capacity of Cu2+ and Ni2+ on CCDMZ was found to have a much higher enhance than that of NZ and to be obviously influenced by contact time, initial concentration and pH. The kinetic studies showed that the adsorption processes of Cu2+ and Ni2+ on CCDMZ were complex, including chemical adsorption and physical adsorption. The adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order model, which suggested that the rate-limiting step might be mainly chemisorption.
Benefit Evaluation of Soil-Reinforcement by Roots between Five Plants by Analytic Hierarchy Process
Authors: Liu Fu Quan , Liu Jing , Liu Peng Fei , Zhu Hong Hui
Published: June 2014

Caragana microphylla Lam, Salix psammophila C.wang et Ch.Y.Yang, Sabina vulgaris Ant, Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch and Hippophae rhamnides Linn are common plants used in soil and water conservation in the arid and semi-arid regions of Inner Mongolia. In order to screen the soil-reinforcement and anti-erosion plants for this area, the tensile mechanical property, root-soil surface friction property, and the root-soil composite shear property of roots were studied. During the summer drought period, ten factors of the five kinds of four-age plants were evaluated by analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The results showed that the benefit index of soil-reinforcement by roots were Caragana microphylla(0.72)> Sabina vulgaris(0.38)> Salix psammophila(0.03)> Artemisia sphaerocephala(-0.23)> Hippophae rhamnides(-0.90). Therefore, Caragana microphylla Lam should be considered as the preferred reference specie in soil-reinforcement and anti-erosion for the arid and semi-arid regions of China.
Effects of Tillage Practices on Top Layer Soil Moisture Content and Soil Porosity in Banana Plantation
Authors: He Ying Dui , Ding Xi , Li Rui Mei , Liu Yong Xia , Wang Bi Zun
Published: June 2014

Soil moisture content and soil porosity were measured in banana plantation under three tillage practices, including deep-tillage (DT), no-tillage (NT), and no-tillage plus straw cover (NTSC). In the experiments, the top layer soil was separated into three depth including 0~15 cm, 15~30 cm and 30 ~ 45 cm. The soil sampling were performed at four plant growth periods, including the stage of banana seedling (SBS), metaphase of banana (MB), the stage of pregnancy (SP) and pumping stage (PS). The results showed that: Among three depth of top layers, soil moisture content in 0~15 cm at four plant growth periods was lower than that in other two depth by three tillage practices. In 0~15 cm top layer soil, all the soil moisture at four plant periods by NTSC practice were highest. And all the soil moisture in soil treated by three tillage practices were increased with the plant growth. The soil porosity in this layer at SBS and MB stages by DT practice was significantly higher than that by NT and NTSC practices. In 15~30 cm layer soil, the soil moisture content and soil porosity at SBS stage was highest in the soil treated by DT practice compared to the that in soil treated by other two tillage practices. In 30~45 cm layer, the soil porosity at SBS stage by DT and NTSC practices were significantly lower than that by NT practice. At MB stage by DT practice it was significantly higher than that by other practices.
Research on Tornado Effect of High-Speed Spiral Flow in the Lifting Pipe
Authors: Tang Jun , Gao Rui Jie , Hu Shu Wen
Published: June 2014

Through stress analysis of micro control element,pressure differential equation of lifting pipe was deduced,and tornado effect of high-speed spiral flow was discussed. Secondly, fluent software was used, through which the simulation test of lifting pipe was conducted, pressure field and velocity field were got. The results showed that radial velocity equation and tangential velocity equation and axial velocity equation and pressure equation are consistent with the simulation results.
Stabilization of Soil Aggregates in Relation to Soil Redistribution by Intensive Tillage on a Steep Hillslope
Authors: Wang Yong , Xiong Zhuang , Yan Wu Xian , Qiu Yue Qun
Published: June 2014

The objective of this study was to investigate soil aggregate stability within landscape on hillslopes by intensive tillage. Traditional tillage by consecutive hoeing was performed 5 and 20 times on steeply sloping land of the Sichuan Basin, China, by using the methods of simulated tillage to analyze the impact of long-term tillage on soil aggregates at different slope positions. The dry-sieved method was used to determine distribution of aggregate size in the different landscape positions, and mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) as indices of soil aggregate stability. The different times of tillage resulted in different soil aggregate distributions. The results showed that the MWD and GMD values of aggregates were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) after 20-tillage operation, compared with pre-tillage operation. The differences in distributions of MWD and GMD demonstrate that the choice of the tillage times can be an important factor in changing soil aggregate stability and productivity in steeply sloping fields.
Stochastic Simulation for Water-Saving Irrigation of Farmland
Authors: Hu Chang , Li Dang Sheng
Published: June 2014

Aiming at the randomicity of rainfall and evapotranspiration in the formulation of crop irrigation schemes, the precipitation and evapotranspiration were randomly treated, and simulated using random hydrology methods based on time series. The simulated values were used into the water balance equation so as to determine the irrigation time and amount. Compared with the measured sequence, the result indicates that the simulated values and actual values fit well. It can provide a reference for the scientific crop irrigation schemes.