bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attention shifts to more complex locations with experience
Authors: Forest Tess , Siegelman Noam , Finn Amy
Published: August 2021

Our environments are saturated with learnable information. What determines which of this information gets prioritized for limited attentional resources? While previous studies suggest that learners prefer medium complexity information, here we argue that what counts as medium should change as someone learns an input's structure. Specifically, we examined the hypothesis that attention is directed towards more complicated structures as learners gain more experience with the environment. Participants watched four simultaneous streams of information which varied in complexity. Reaction times to intermittent search trials (Ex. 1, N=75) and eye-tracking (Ex. 2, N=45) indexed where participants attended over the experiment. Using a subject- and trial-specific measure of complexity, we demonstrated that participants attended to increasingly complex streams over time. Individual differences in structure learning also modulated attention allocation, with better learners attending to complex structures from earlier in learning, suggesting the ability to prioritize different information over time gates structure learning success.
Inhibitory Learning as Prediction Error Feedback Loop
Authors: Price Matthew S
Published: August 2021

Inhibitory learning is conceptualized as promoting emotion regulation via the learning of novel neutral associations during systematic exposure to fear-inducing stimuli. However, given that inconsistencies between expectations, states, and outcomes may be experienced as elements of inhibitory learning, to what extent are prediction errors – mismatches between expectations and outcomes – a core neural element of inhibitory learning? This paper takes a complex systems approach to prediction errors and postulates that a prediction error feedback loop – a series of self-perpetuating disparities between expected and perceived outcomes – could be responsible for improved emotion regulation from inhibitory learning, as opposed to exposure to specific fear-inducing stimuli.
Clarifying the Relations between Intellectual Humility and Pseudoscience Beliefs, Conspiratorial Ideation, and Susceptibility to Fake News
Authors: Bowes Shauna Marie , Tasimi Arber
Published: August 2021

We addressed key questions regarding the relations between intellectual humility (IH) and endorsing/believing misinformation by (1) understanding what aspects of IH best predict endorsing/believing misinformation, (2) examining whether IH is related to endorsing/believing multiple manifestations of misinformation (pseudoscience, conspiracy theories, fake news), and (3) investigating whether these relations are specific to IH as opposed to relevant covariates. Across three samples, the IH measure assessing intrapersonal, interpersonal, and emotional features tended to be a stronger negative correlate of endorsing/believing misinformation than the IH measure assessing intrapersonal features alone. IH was generally related to less conspiratorial ideation and susceptibility to fake news. Nevertheless, IH tended to not be related to pseudoscience measures. Finally, these relations were generally robust after controlling for covariates.
Exploring how, why and in what contexts older adults are at risk of financial cybercrime victimisation: a realist review
Authors: Burton Alexandra , Cooper Claudia , Dar Ayesha , Mathews Lucy , Tripathi Kartikeya
Published: August 2021

Although older people rarely report being victims of financial cybercrime, there is evidence that older online users are at increased risk. This realist review identified factors leading to older adults’ victimisation and reviewed the theory and evidence for interventions to reduce victimisation risks. We developed an initial programme theory from a scoping review and expert stakeholder consultations. We searched electronic databases, references and websites for literature meeting inclusion criteria. We analysed 52 primary and secondary data sources, seeking stakeholder views to develop and refine the programme theory and generate Context-Mechanism-Outcome Configurations (CMOCs) explaining how, why and in what circumstances older adults become financial cybercrime victims; and extrapolated this to consider rational intervention strategies. Our programme theory comprised 16 CMOCs describing how: social isolation, cognitive, physical and mental health problems; wealth status, limited cyber security skills or awareness, societal attitudes and content of scams led to victimisation. Only interventions to enhance older internet users’ awareness and skills have been trialled to date. Other theoretically plausible interventions include: offender management programmes, tailored security measures, society-wide stigma reduction and awareness-raising with groups who support older people. We recommend that the new UK Online Safety Bill is extended in scope to include online frauds.
Dyscalculia in Learning Mathematics: Underpinning Concerns for Delivering Contents
Authors: Kunwar Rajendra
Published: August 2021

Dyscalculia is a term that affects the ability to acquire arithmetical skills. It is one of the important areas of a specific learning disorder in mathematics covering the areas particularly, number sense, memorization of arithmetic facts, accurate and fluent calculation, and accurate math reasoning. It is estimated that about 3-6 percent of the population is facing problems associated with dyscalculia. This paper explores the theoretical consideration of dyscalculia in learning mathematics and outlines the ways of employing effective pedagogy to address dyscalculic students. The study is based on theoretical and descriptive methods. It focuses on the theoretical concern about learning mathematics, dyscalculia, its meaning and concept, types, causes, common difficult areas and impacts on mathematics learning. It also draws out the way of effectively delivering content and provides support for the dyscalculic learner. This article concludes that dyscalculic learners are facing various difficulties due to their weak number sense, low basic mathematics fluency, reasoning and accurate arithmetic calculation. Thus it is essential to provide specialized instruction as well as extra support to uplifts and retain the skills and performance of the dyscalculic learner in mathematics. Otherwise, the arithmetic inability can lead the learner to more difficult circumstances that may be beyond the classroom learning context.
Diaspora-Homeland Connection in Bharati Gautam’s Vigata ra Baduli [Past and Hiccups]
Authors: Timalsina Ramji
Published: August 2021

This article aims to explore the way Bharati Gautam’s memoir Vigata ra Baduli [Past and Hiccups] (2020) connects the writer with her homeland. Home and homeland are out of some major loci of diasporic life and the discourse. Diasporic writings deal with homeland both as a real place to return and an imaginary reality for those transnational migrants who have no chance of physical return to the place left back. To study the writer’s homeland connection as expressed in the book, this study uses qualitative methodology with its interpretative approach for analysis. The theoretical input is the diasporic discourse related to home and homeland. For the diasporans, homeland is the root of their life, culture, language and in total the life they live in the hostland. The time a diaspora loses its physical, imaginary or emotional connection with the homeland, it stops being a diaspora. Thus, every diasporic writing has some kind of homeland connection. The study finds that Gautam’s memoirs deal with her love and respect for the root. These feelings are expressed through her nostalgia, symbols and culture she follows in the USA. Similarly, her own and her children’s critical thoughts on Nepal and Nepali socio-cultural praxis also highlight their connection with the homeland. It is hoped that this study is useful to find how Nepali Diaspora connects itself with Nepal. It may encourage the researchers to work in this field.
आमाको गीत : २ कवितामा बिम्बविधान
Authors: विद्रोही राजेश
Published: August 2021

यो अध्ययन कवि हेमन यात्रीको पहाड मसितै यात्रा गर्छ कविता सङ्ग्रहमा सङ्कलित आमाको गीत ः २ कवितामा प्रयुक्त बिम्बहरूको विश्लेषणमा केन्द्रित छ । कवि हेमन आप्mना कविताहरूमा विभिन्न विषय क्षेत्रका बिम्बहरू प्रयोग गर्न रुचाउँछन् । उनी बिम्बात्मक अभिव्यक्तिमार्पmत् आप्mना कवितालाई सुन्दर र काव्यिक बनाउँछन् । पहाड मसितै यात्रा गर्छ कविता सङ्ग्रहमा सङ्कलित आमाको गीत ः २ कवितामा पनि उनले विभिन्न प्रकारका बिम्बहरूको प्रयोग गरेका छन् । ती बिम्बहरू जीवन र जगत्का विविध विषय क्षेत्रहरूसँग सम्बन्धित छन् । समीक्ष्य कवितामा कस्तो बिम्ब–योजना छ र यसमा के कस्ता बिम्बहरूको प्रयोग गरिएको छ भन्ने विषयलाई यस अध्ययनमा विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । विम्बहरूको प्रयोगले कविताको भावलाई कसरी प्रभावकारी र बोधगम्य बनाएको छ भन्ने विश्लेषण पनि यहाँ गरिएको छ । यो बिम्बप्रधान कविता हो र कवि हेमनले प्रस्तुत कवितामा युद्धमा छोरा गुमाएकी आमाको कारुणिक अवस्थालाई बिम्बबहुल अभिव्यक्तिका माध्यमबाट सुन्दर ढङ्गले चित्रण गरेका छन् । नेपाली ग्रामीण पहाडी जीवनको सग्लो चित्र कोर्ने क्रममा कविले यस कवितामा पहाडी प्रकृति र दिनचर्यालाई बिम्बात्मक रूप दिएका छन् । विम्बहरूको सुन्दर र आकर्षक प्रयुक्तिले कवितालाई हृदयसंवेद्य र बोधगम्य बनाएको छ । सामग्री सङ्कलनका क्रममा पहाड मसितै यात्रा गर्छ कविता सङ्ग्रहमा सङ्कलित आमाको गीत ः २ कवितालाई प्राथमिक स्रोतका रूपमा तथा कविता र बिम्बहरूबारे लेखिएका समीक्षा–समालोचनालाई द्वितीय स्रोतका रूपमा लिएर व्याख्यात्मक, वर्णनात्मक र विश्लेषणात्मक विधिबाट निष्कर्षमा पुगिएको छ ।
धात्वर्थविभागयोः निरूपणात्मकमध्ययनम्
Authors: दहालः टीकारामः
Published: August 2021

भू वा पठ् इत्यादयः क्रियावाचिनः धातुपाठे पठिताः सकलशब्दानामाधारभूताः धातवः सन्ति । धातुः मूलरूपेण क्रिया तथा नामसर्वनामविशेषणाव्ययपदानां व्युत्पादकः बीजरूपेण परिपोषकश्च वर्तते । व्युत्पादनस्याधारभूतत्वादेव धातोः कृत् प्रत्यये सति कृदन्तपदानि नामादीनि तथा तिङ्प्रत्यये सति तिङन्तपदानि व्युत्पन्नानि भवन्ति । कर्तरि कर्मणि भावे चार्थे धातोः लट्, लिट् इत्यादयः दश ‘लकाराः’ भवन्ति । कर्तरि लकारे सति कर्तृवाच्यस्य क्रियापदानि कर्मणि लकारे सति कर्मवाच्यस्य क्रियापदानि तथा भावे लकारे सति भाववाच्यस्य क्रियापदानि व्युत्पन्नानि भवन्ति । लकारस्य स्थाने तिबादयोऽ ष्टादश तिङ्प्रत्यया आदिश्यन्ते । ततः धातोः तिङ्प्रत्ययसंयोजनेन तिङन्तपदानां रचना भवति । एतानि तिङन्तपदानि आख्यातपदनाम्ना क्रियापदनाम्ना च पदविभागेषु प्रसिद्धानि सन्ति । धातोरनेके विभागाः सन्ति । विविधान्नाधारान्नाधृत्य विभागान्नध्येतुं शक्यते । धातोः गणपाठानुरूपम्, व्युत्पादनप्रक्रियानुरूपम्, कर्मग्रहणदृशा तथा इडागमसहिताः सेटः इडागमरहिताः अनिट्रूपेण विभागाः दृश्यन्ते । ते च सर्वे विभागाः कार्यपरकतया विभक्ताः विलोक्यन्ते । प्रथमतः गणपठिताः धातवः आद्यधातोः नाम्नैव स्थापिताः भ्वाद्यदादिजुहोत्यादिदिवादि–तनादिक्र्यादिस्वादिचुरादयः दश गणेषु निबद्धाः सन्ति । कर्मग्रहणदृशा च धातोः सकर्मकाकर्मकः विभागः शास्त्रेषु व्यवहृतः समुपलभ्यते । रूपायन सन्दर्भे इडागमसहितेन रूपायितः सेट् तथा तद्ररहितः अनिट् इति धातोः विभागश्च कृतो विलोक्यते । येभ्यः धातुभ्यः परस्मैदिनः तिङ्प्रत्ययाः भवन्ति ते परस्मैपदिनस्तथा येभ्यः आत्मनेपदिनः तिङ्प्रत्ययाः उत्पद्यन्ते ते चात्मनेपदिनः धातुरूपेण विभक्ताः विद्यन्ते । येभ्यः परस्मैपदिनस्तथात्मनेपदिनश्चोभयविधः तिङः जायन्ते ते च धातवः उभयपदिनः मन्यन्ते ।
Bacterization of forage grass seeds: Influence on spreading and growth of plants.
Authors: Korshunova T.Yu. , Kuzina E.V. , Rafikova G.F. , Timergalin M.D. , Rameev T.V. , Chetverikova D.V. , Feoktistova A.V. , Nizaeva A.A. , Chetverikov S.P.
Published: August 2021

Inoculation of seeds before sowing of growth-stimulating microorganisms is an effective method for increasing the productivity of crops and forage grasses, in particular. In this work, nine strains of bacteria were tested for their ability to produce the phytohormone indolyl-3-acetic acid (IAA) and stimulate seed germination and elongation of shoots and roots of seedlings of mogar, sudanese grass, awnless brome, alfalfa, and meadow fescue. The highest IAA concentration in the culture liquid was found in the strains Enterobacter ludwigii BLK and Pseudomonas sp. UOM 10 (2001 and 1617 ng/ml, respectively), and the lowest was in Pseudomonas sp. 5GCH and P. koreensis IB-4 (144 and 141 ng/ml, respectively), however, at this stage of research, a direct relationship between the level of phytohormone synthesis and the ability of bacteria to positively affect plant growth was not found. The plants were characterized by the species specificity of the reaction to bacterial treatment, with the exception of the Pseudomonas sp. 5GCH, which in some cases had a positive effect on seed germination, but did not enhance the growth of roots and shoots in the studied herbs. Synchronous stimulation of seed germination and an increase in the length of shoots and roots was observed on mogar plants upon inoculation with E. ludwigii BLK and P. plecoglossicida CH5-2 and on an awnless brome (P. chlororaphis 4CH, B. vietnamiensis 8CH, E. ludwigii BLK, P. laurentiana ANT 17 and P. plecoglossicida CH5-2). None of the strains simultaneously increased the length of shoots and roots in Sudanese grass and meadow fescue, but most microorganisms enhanced seed germination in them. Bacterization did not increase germination in alfalfa, and only Pseudomonas sp. UOM 10 and P. koreensis IB-4 promoted the growth of its shoots and roots.
Castilla elastica Cerv. is almost forgotten rubber-bearing plant
Authors: Sagitov A.M. , Zolkin S.Yu. , Kuluev B.R. , Gimalov F.R. , Knyazev A.V. , Chemeris A.V.
Published: August 2021

When writing this botanical and historical review, it was necessary to get acquainted with the works of different authors from the XVII to the XXI century, written in Latin, old Spanish, old French, Spanish, French, German, Dutch, English and Russian. It shows the development of knowledge about growing on the American continents rubber-bearing trees, including their species definition and a botanical description. The main attention is paid to the Castilla elastica Cerv. from the Moraceae family, which served as a source of raw materials for the manufacture of an analogue of modern vulcanized rubber for ancient peoples of Mesoamerica and was then for many years the main rubber-bearing plant, whereas the priority have been given to Hevea brasiliensis (Wild. ex A. Juss.) Muell.-Arg. only after the beginning of plantation cultivation of this species in the end of XIX century. However, interest in Castilla did not completely disappear, and in the coming millennium, attempts were made to resume plantations. Sequencing of individual fragments of the nuclear and chloroplast genomes of Castilla species has also begun. The history of the appearance of the second erroneous name of this genus as Castilloa and the long process of returning the original name Castilla are described.
Diphtheria Antitoxin and Tales of Mercy in Northern Health Care
Authors: Piper Liza
Published: August 2021

This article examines the history of diphtheria in the Yukon and the Mackenzie district of the Northwest Territories in the first half of the 20thcentury. This analysis follows the traces of this now largely forgotten disease and its treatment to illuminate the constraints – intrinsic and constructed – on the provision of health care commensurate with the expectations and needs of northern Indigenous peoples. While diphtheria was never the most serious infectious disease, nor a major cause of death compared with tuberculosis or influenza at this time, examining its history offers significant insight into the creation of medical and public health infrastructures in Canada’s northern territories, and the ways in which those infrastructures served, and failed to serve, different northern populations.
Differentiation between Pleural Mesothelioma versus Pseudo-Mesothelioma Demonstrated in Eight Autopsy Cases
Authors: WU Fries Jochen , Saleh MM , Buttner R , WU Fries Jochen
Published: August 2021

The pleural lobes are the origin of different pathologies, including malignant tumors, e.g., pleural
mesothelioma. In some cases, clinical and macroscopic presentation point strongly to the diagnosis but often
enough the patient has another underlying disease; malignant neoplasms of the lung as well as other organs
(skin, pancreas, prostate or kidney) can mimic pleural mesothelioma and if so, are defined as ‘pseudo-mesothelioma’. We present eight cases that are clinically and macroscopically highly suspicious for pleural
mesothelioma. All patients were autopsied due to medico-legal issues and work-related diseases. Six out of
eight patients underwent autopsy to exclude possibility of asbestos-related malignancy and two out of eight
due to exclusion of silicosis. From the eight cases, only three were real pleural mesotheliomas. Another
three were adenocarcinomas of the lung mimicking pleural mesotheliomas. One had squamous cell
carcinoma of the lung. Lastly, one patient had an extraordinary case of papillary renal cell carcinoma
metastasizing universally in both pleura lobes. Due to striking morphological similarities, the exact final
diagnosis was only possible after extended immunohistochemical analysis of the tissues. In summary, not
only is it difficult to distinguish between real or pseudo pleural mesothelioma in patients having had contact
with asbestos. Even patients with no evidence of asbestos contact can have clinical and pathological events
strongly suggesting asbestosis and mesothelioma, without having it.
Effect of Different Light on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L) Growth and Role of Phytochrome
Authors: Iqbal Kanwal , Zahrab Sana , Raisb Afroz , yousfb Atiya , younis Ghanva
Published: August 2021

Among the various naturally occurring abiotic factors regulating plant development, different types of light play an important role in them. Photosynthesis, photoperiodism, and photo morphogenesis. In this trial the effects of different colors of light on (seed) germination, phytochrome conversion, length of seedling, biomass production in wheat varieties Shalkot and Tandojam. The rate of germination data indicates white 96%, Red 100%, far-red 95%, Blue 95%, and dark 64%, in Shalkot. In Tandojam rate of germination 94% White, 93% red, 82% far red, 92% blue, and 50% dark, were observed. Root and shoot length were higher in Shalkot under white light. Difference between dry and fresh weight in Shalkot under white, red, far-red, blue, dark, 1.66g, 0.94g, 0.98g, 0.97g, 0.6g, respectively. In Tandojam difference between dry and fresh weight observed under white, red, far-red, blue, dark, 1.48g, 0.92g, 0.70g, 0.97g, 0.4g respectively. By using bioinformatics tools identified some light-harvesting genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum) by using model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The identified light-harvesting genes include cl02879, cl25816, cl33336, cl31857, cl28913.
Specific epithet – a noun in the genitive case
Authors: Ilieva Iliana
Published: August 2021

The current article is included in the larger research “The linguistic structure of binomial botanical denominations– specific epithet”, based on “Conspectus of the Bulgarian vascular flora”, fourth revised and updated edition, Sofia, 2012, and deals with a less common type of specific epithets - nouns in the genitive case. The epithets are organized alphabetically in several groups according to their semantic.
Influence of Applying Preventive Health Conditions Strategy during Coronavirus Pandemic in KSA
Authors: Sabra Sherifa
Published: August 2021

This research was for "Influence of Applying Preventive Health Conditions Strategy (PHCS) during Coronavirus Pandemic (CVP) in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)". The target was through questionnaire to individuals in KSA. That application of PHCS and persons contribution accountable establishments, to cover Coronavirus infection (CVI), caused CVP and control to redact it, numbers to maintain Saudi health (SH). Using "Cross-sectional Study Method", were on Network for survey study in Saudi community (SC), collected data and had analyzed. Remained 99% participants to questionnaire about everyone, remained 89% dedicated to smearing PHCS closely a total. It was 100% reinforced PHCS, that 98% had approving support non-compliance PHCS. As stayed 83% stationary numerous parties from their doings, and was 100% all individuals, braked family visits in anticipation of any CVI. That stared 85% immobile market exit except for about individuals since it was a need to achieve family responsibilities, and others dedicated at home to decrease CVI. Experiential 74% produced the PHCS to have injury in three quarters because of discontinuing the numerous doings. Here 26% originated that a quarter of persons had cases of CVI, where 55% the relations applied the PHCS about partial because of the attendance of people with the similar family. That concluded the results showed the existence of the PHCS importance in the existence and importance of the CVP. The extent to KSA individuals helped to reduce CVI and protect SH. That recommended PHCS position to SH reserve, deliver a fit culture, and reinforce persons for their help.
Lysosomal or brush border enzymuria in kidney enzyme activities in seronegative rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Spasovski Dejan
Published: August 2021

Introduction: To determine the effects of non-treated seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on proximal renal tubule, sensitivity of Alanine aminopeptidase (AAP), g-glutamyltransferase (g--GT), β2 microglobulin in urine β2M), as well as relation with rheumatoid factor (RF) and C-Reactive protein (CRP), DAS 28 disease activity index. Methods: RF was determined by agglutination test (Latex RF test, while kinetic methods were used for determination of Alanine aminopeptidase (AAP) and g-glutamyltransferase (g-GT), as well as MEIA (Micro particle Enzyme Immunoassay) to determine β2 microglobulin in urine. Samples (serum and urine) of 70 participants were examined (35 RA not treated, 35 health control group). Results: In 35 RF negative RA, AAP enzymuria was present in 12 (34.28%) patients, g-GT was present in 7 patients (20%), while β2 microglobulin was present in 3 patients (8.57%). In the healthy control group, 4 patients showed AAP positivity (11.42%), 2 patients g-GT positivity (5.71%) and 1 patient showed presence of β2 microglobulin in urine (2.85). RF was not present in any patient (0%). Conclusion: AAP has a higher sensitivity of g-GT and b2 microglobulin in the detection of asymptomatic renal lesions in non treated seronegative RA.
Plant growth promoting actinobacteria from rhizosphere soils of black pepper in Wayanad
Authors: backera Rineesha
Published: August 2021

Actinobacteria isolated from the rhizosphere soils of black pepper comprising both flood affected and non-flood affected areas of Wayanad district. Among different soil samples analysed, Puttad (Ptd) recorded significantly superior actinobacterial population on starch casein aga, Kenknight & Munaier’s agar and actinomycetes isolation agar. Actinobacterial colonies could not be detected in any of the flooded soil samples on any medium, even at a dilution of 10-1, except in Meppadi soil, which recorded a low population of 0.3x101cfu g-1 soil. Starch casein agar is best media to isolate actinobacteria from soil samples compared to other two media. The cultural, morphological and biochemical characterization of thirty-five isolates was carried out. Further the isolates were evaluated for their plant growth promoting traits such as IAA production, nitrogen fixation, P, K and Zn solubilization. The isolates Ptd-A and Amb-C were found to be significantly superior to all other isolates, with IAA production of 15.9 g ml-1 and 15.38 g ml-1 respectively. The four isolates viz. Ptd-A, Ptd-E, Ptd-B and Ptr-A recorded significantly superior nitrogen fixation and the phosphate solubilized was significantly higher in Ptd-E, Ptd-D, Ptr-E, Ptd-A and Ptr-A, as compared to other isolates. All isolates were negative to K and Zn solubilization. Based on in vitro evaluations, three isolates were shortlisted (Ptd-A, Ptd-E and Ptr-A) and subjected to in vivo evaluation for growth promotion in black pepper (variety Panniyur 1). Rooted plants of black pepper were raised in sterile potting mixture. Bioinoculants applied at the time of planting and 45 days after planting. The PGPR Mix-1 and Organic Package of Practices Recommendations (2017) were used for comparison with the microbial inoculants along with control. In the in-planta experiment, biometric characters were recorded at monthly intervals, up to five months. The actinobacterial treatment, T1: Ptd-E, T2: Ptd-A and T3: Ptr-A showed significant increase in shoot length, number of leaves and internode length throughout the growth period from planting to five MAP. Significantly higher root growth was observed in treatment T2: Ptd-A, with significantly higher root volume, fresh and root weight. The potential actinobacteria were identified Ptd-A and Ptr-A as Streptomyces sp. and Ptd-A as Actinobacteria bacterium using 16S r RNA gene sequencing.
Taxonomic notes on rattan-inhabiting ants of the genus Camponotus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Yamane Sk. , Hosoishi S. , Syaukani S.
Published: August 2021

Camponotus megalonyx Wheeler, 1919 is an ant species nesting in rattan and represents the single member of the subgenus Myrmopalpella Stärcke, 1934. Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) dracocephalus Stitz, 1938, syn. nov., described from a queen with a strangely shaped head is synonymised with C. mega­lonyx, based on the comparison of a queen from Sabah (Borneo), associated with a worker of C. megalonyx, with the images of the holotype of C. dracocephalus. Comparison of the type of C. dracocephalus with queens of other species from the subgenus Tanaemyrmex Ashmead, 1905 clearly confirms that this species should be excluded from the subgenus. Relationship of the species of the subgenus Myrmoplatys Forel, 1916, also inhabitants of rattans, with C. (Myrmopalpella) megalonyx is briefly discussed. Based on a number of characters of the worker and queen, C. (Myrmoplatys) korthalsiae concilians Forel, 1915 is upgraded to specific rank. An illustrated redescription of C. concilians stat. promotus is given.
HIGH-MOBILITY GROUP BOX 1 (HMGB1) PROTEIN EVALUATION IN MPTP-INDUCED ZEBRAFISH MODEL OF PARKINSON’S DISEASE
Authors: Mohamed Wael MY , Razali Khairiah , Othman Noratikah , Hamza Mohamed , Doolane Abdel Moneem , Kumar Jaya , Ibrahim Wisam Nabeel
Published: August 2021

Molecular studies have proven beneficial in understanding the pathophysiology of PD. Besides, the advancing application of zebrafish as a PD model has enabled researchers to conduct molecular studies with more promising outcomes and significance. Current evidence reported on the association of HMGB1 protein with neuroinflammation-induced PD pathogenesis. However, to the extent ofour knowledge, the molecular mechanism pertaining to HMGB1 involvement in PD are still elusive. Hence, we propose to conduct a study on HMGB1 protein, to elucidate its role in the pathogenesis of the MPTP-induced zebrafish model of PD. This study will answer the question pertaining to the involvement of HMGB1 in PD development and whether the knockdown of this protein can improve PD symptoms in zebrafish, particularly MPTP-induced motilitydisorders.
Исследование возможностей оценки состояния структуры металла трубопроводов, находившихся в эксплуатации, ультразвуковым методом
Authors: Данилов В.Н. , Ушаков В.М. , Рымкевич А.И.
Published: August 2021

Results of the first stage of ultrasonic researches of structure of metal of pipelines of the thermal power stations which are taking place in operation are submitted. Metal of marks of steel was exposed to tests: 15Х1М1ФИ and the St. 20 with a various operating time (time of operation). Samples of metal were exposed metallographic to the analysis, on the basis of given which (medium-sized grains , dispersions of distribution lnD — σD) theoretical calculation of parameters OUSE of pulses of a bottom signal in metal is carried out. The quantitative data on influence of thickness of a layer of a contact liquid between the probe and object of the control on working frequencies 5,0, 7,5 and 10 MHz for various medium-sized values of a grain of metal are received. Examples of settlement and experimental pulses and spectra of signals for frequency 5 MHz are given.
Media Jihad Conundrum in Nigeria: A Review of Military-Media Relations vis-à-vis Boko Haram
Authors: L.E. Asuelime Legend , A. Asuelime Raquel
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this paper is to explore the conundrum in military-media relations in Nigeria with regards to access and dissemination of strategic and tactical information that impacts counterterrorism efforts. Is there a line between media responsibility to report and the gathering and dissemination of strategic and tactical military information not meant for public consumption but filters to terrorists who are also members of the 'public'? Most times, such publications potentially afford Boko Haram terrorists prior notice of military plans, giving them early warnings that compromise military counter offensive. The paper is based on a study of academic and grey literature, official documents and journalistic coverage. The paper concludes that the Nigerian security forces have tried and failed to clamp down on tactical and strategic information in media reports that compromise its counterterrorism efforts in Nigeria – therefore the state should consider adopting Sri Lankan consequentialist approach to the existential problem. To address this conundrum, it is recommended that the Nigerian authority and its military architecture should adopt a State Consequential Approach on Terrorism and media issues; re-invent its Strategic Communication; Re-establishment of security and intelligence coordination; Develop an image recovery plan by raising quality standards, seek foreign support, and enact terrorism-related media legislations.
Media and Democracy: Is Conventional Media Performing the Role of the Fourth Estate of the Realm?
Authors:   University of Zululand, Francis Adanlawo Eyitayo
Published: August 2021

Arguments have emanated on the roles of conventional media in the strengthening of democracy, good governance, and human development in a democratic society. This study discussed and evaluated the conventional media role as the "fourth estate of the realm" by functioning as defenders, watchdogs and providers of accurate information in a democratic society. Social Responsibility Theory, a version of free press theory, was used to underpin the study by providing examples of how the media's actions can affect a democratic society. The study adopted a meta-analysis approach by reviewing numerous published research studies to clarify the role of conventional media as the fourth estate. The content analysis of the reviewed literature revealed that conventional news media roles as check and balance, watch-dogs and adversary have been jeopardised. New media is now strengthened with the ability to displace conventional media as "the fourth estate".
Ecologies of Knowledge in Chirere’s Tudikidiki (2007): on Decolonial Ontological Turn
Authors:   University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe, Shereck Mbwera
Published: August 2021

This article is an attempt to bring decolonial strands of critical thinking to African/Zimbabwean literary tradition. It explores how Memory Chirere uses the short story genre as a territory of practical life where decolonial practical relations of emancipatory knowledge production are weighed. It argues that the anthology, Tudikidiki, (2007) as Chirere's territory of artisanship of practices, evokes ecologies of knowledge crucial for developing decolonial options. From decolonial epistemic perspective, the article posits that the enduring historical duration of coloniality has elucidated the presence of unequal relations in African knowledge production systems. In its multiple manifestations, coloniality has disfigured, distorted, reconfigured and eventually transformed African ways of knowing. The result is epistemicide, in which Western epistemic systems are valorised as indispensable and unassailable, while indigenous forms of African knowing are vilified as setting a site for conflicting savage desires and derisions. Against this background, this paper considers the imperative need for engaging both indigenous theoretical and practical epistemological projects in terms of the nuances of decoloniality within literary studies. It insists that decolonial turn necessitates a process of ontological change that speaks to the emergency of nascent ecologies of knowledges.
The Sustainability of Community Library and Literacy Culture
Authors:   Universitas Gadjah Mada, Setyaningsih Wahyu Handayani
Published: August 2021

Community library is an institution that aims to improve the culture of literacy. It is held by several member of the society. However, community library faces several problems that hinder development, including regeneration problems in the organizational management. The library is generally located in the house of a resident, so its accessibility is very dependent on the existence of the homeowner. The homeowner is also the manager of the library. Therefore, regeneration in management is very important. The lack of awareness of community members causes the problem in the regeneration. This paper discusses the problem on sustainability of the community library. The data was taken from one of the community library in Bantul Regency, namely Widuri Pandan. The results of observations and interviews indicate that: 1) collaboration is needed with various parties to be able to develop the community, not only through donations, but also collaboration activities; 2) it is necessary to design forms of routine activities that can stimulate public interest in literacy; 3) sustainability in the human resources development faces some obstacles, so that regeneration and formation of the literacy team need to be formed.
teoria da justiça de Ronald Dworkin e uma análise jurídica de programas de ações afirmativas
Authors: Francisco Rangel Mendes
Published: August 2021

O presente trabalho objetiva analisar juridicamente políticas de ações afirmativas em meio à teoria da justiça de Ronald Dworkin, que se situa na doutrina denominada igualitarismo liberal. Primeiramente, apresenta-se a concepção dworkiniana de igualdade e como programas de cotas, se eficientes, podem servir a essa abordagem. Em um segundo momento, distinguem-se as questões de política e de princípio, demonstrando a importância de tal distinção do ponto de vista do direito e como ela pode conferir legitimidade jurídica às ações afirmativas. Adiante, são introduzidas possíveis interpretações que a Constituição dos Estados Unidos pode conferir ao direito à não discriminação racial. Por fim, as duas últimas seções são dedicadas à distinção entre dois tipos de igualdade e à análise de direitos potencialmente contrários às políticas de cotas. É concluído que programas de ações afirmativas são legítimos a partir da perspectiva do igualitarismo liberal, assim como da ótica do direito.
Herbicide Application Techniques for Woody Plant Control
Authors: Ferrell Jason , Langeland Ken , Sellers Brent
Published: August 2021

The progression of trees and other woody plants into pastures, fencerows, ditch banks, rights-of-way and other areas is a common occurrence. These woody species can be particularly troublesome and require control since they will compromise fence intregrity, impede canal drainage, interfere with transmission of electricity, and some species (such as cherry trees) are highly poisonous to livestock. The aim of this publication is to detail the techniques for the removal of woody plants. This document is SS-AGR-260, one of a series of the Agronomy Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date January 2006. Reviewed November 2006.
SS-AGR-260/AG245: Herbicide Application Techniques for Woody Plant Control (ufl.edu)
Florida Dairy Farm Situation and Outlook 2006
Authors: Giesy Russ , De Vries Albert , Bray Dave , Webb Dan
Published: August 2021

This document is AN160, one of a series of the Department of Animal Sciences, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date: January 2006.
2021–2022 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Exocortis, Cachexia, and Other Viroids
Authors: Levy Amit , Batuman Ozgur , Brlansky Ronald H.
Published: August 2021

Reviewed March 2021. There are no changes in recommendation from 2020.
Chapter 6. Cole Crop Production
Authors: Wells Bonnie , Smith Hugh A. , Zotarelli Lincoln , Dittmar Peter J. , Dufault Nicholas S. , Desaeger Johan , Wang Qingren
Published: August 2021

Chapter 6 of the Vegetable Production Handbook.
Chapter 17. Sweet Corn Production
Authors: Kanissery Ramdas , McAvoy Eugene , Raid Richard N. , Desaeger Johan , Beuzelin Julien
Published: August 2021

Chapter 17 of the Vegetable Production Handbook.
Chapter 9. Leafy Vegetable Production
Authors: Sandoya-Miranda Germán , Kanissery Ramdas , Raid Richard N. , Desaeger Johan , Beuzelin Julien
Published: August 2021

Chapter 9 of the Vegetable Production Handbook.
Physiological Disorders of Landscape Palms
Authors: Broschat Timothy K.
Published: August 2021

Physiological disorders are those caused by various environmental factors, rather than biological agents. Nutrient deficiencies are typically included within this category, but are discussed in other publications See: N deficiency, K deficiency, Mg deficiency, Mn deficiency, Fe deficiency, B deficiency. This document is ENH1011, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date September 2005.
ENH1011/EP263: Physiological Disorders of Landscape Palms (ufl.edu)
Lawn Caterpillars
Authors: Buss Eileen A. , Meagher Robert
Published: August 2021

Are lawn caterpillars doing your mowing for you? Young caterpillars, or larvae, injure turfgrass by chewing notches along the edge of the leaves. This creates a ragged appearance (Figure 1) that may be hard to notice at first. Mature caterpillars eat a lot before they pupate and consume patches of turfgrass down to the crown. Because the turf looks scalped so quickly, people think that the damage occurs “overnight.” Several caterpillar species can be turfgrass pests, including the tropical sod webworm, the fall armyworm, and the striped grass looper. This document is ENY-352 (IN608), one of a series of the Department of Entomology and Nematology, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date: April 2006.
Fenamiphos Use Facts and Phaseout
Authors: Fishel Frederick M.
Published: August 2021

This document describes general uses of fenamiphos, addresses specific label requirements regarding its use in Florida, and provides a description of the products phaseout. This document is PI-93, one of a series of the Pesticide Information Office, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date January 2006.
Pestalotiopsis (Pestalotia) Diseases of Palm
Authors: Elliott Monica L.
Published: August 2021

The fungus Pestalotiopsis causes leaf spots, petiole/rachis blights and sometimes a bud rot of palms. In other words, unlike the other leaf spot and petiole blight pathogens, which attack either the leaf blade or the leaf petiole, Pestalotiopsis attacks all parts of the leaf from base to tip. It is also one of the more ubiquitous fungi in the palm canopy, and is easily isolated from healthy palm tissue. This document is PP-217, one of a series of the Plant Pathology Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date January 2006. 
PP-217/PP141: Pestalotiopsis (Pestalotia) Diseases of Palm (ufl.edu)
Leaf Spots and Leaf Blights of Palm
Authors: Elliott Monica L.
Published: August 2021

This fact sheet is limited to those diseases where the pathogens only infect (invade) and cause spots and blights of the leaf blade. Other diseases may cause death of leaflets and leaf segments but are actually the result of a pathogen infecting the leaf petiole or rachis. Petiole/rachis blight diseases are discussed separately at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pp145. This document is PP-218, one of a series of the Plant Pathology Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date Janurary 2006.
PP-218/PP142: Leaf Spots and Leaf Blights of Palm (ufl.edu)
2021–2022 Quick Reference Guide to Foliar Fungicides
Authors: Burrow Jamie D , Dewdney Megan
Published: August 2021

Minor Revision
Engaging Learners via Live Online Learning
Authors: Nash Taylor , Cantrell Megan S.
Published: August 2021

The explosion of virtual training and education has created opportunities for interactions far beyond what is available in a face-to-face environment. However, easier access to individuals comes with unforeseen challenges in creating an environment that fosters genuine engagement. This new publication includes engagement strategies for the Extension environment as well as the virtual classroom of traditional education. Written by Taylor Nash and Megan Cantrell; 3 pp.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/wc395
EFFECT OF CBT ON DEPRESSION AMONG PARENTS WITH CHILDREN UNDERGOING COMPLEX CONGENITAL HEART SURGERY & PROLONG ICU STAY
Authors: Singh Bhanu Pratap , Singh Abhimanyu
Published: August 2021

Background: Mothers whose children are born with complex congenital heart disease (CCHD) experience stress during their children’s hospitalization in a cardiac intensive care unit (CICU).

Method: This descriptive correlational study included 30 biological mothers of childrens admitted to a PICU who had undergone cardiac surgery for CCHD. Maternal and children demographics and responses to the Parental Stressor Scale: children Hospitalization and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were collected.

Results: The association between hospital stay and depression was found significant.

Conclusions: Parents feel more stress when the child admission duration is more.

Keywords: PICU., CCHD
ITAMAR OLIVARES IRIBARREN Francia y América Latina en la época de la Revolución Francesa (1789-1804).
Authors: Puigmal Patrick
Published: August 2021

Instituto de Historia y Ciencias Sociales / Universidad de ValparaísoValparaíso, Chile (2020)ISBN: 9789569301520, 334 págs.
Resumo. Obra reconstrói a história do Botafogo Futebol Clube de Ribeirão Preto
Authors: Passos Rogério Duarte Fernandes dos
Published: August 2021

O presente resumo objetiva trazer apontamentos da obra Botafogo: uma história de amor e glórias, de Igor Ramos, ilustrando fatos que simbolizam a trajetória centenária do Botafogo Futebol Clube de Ribeirão Preto.
Nabokov’s Art of Translation: Effective Means to Attract a Wide Readership
Authors: Zhu Pinfan
Published: August 2021

Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov was a great writer who could write in both English and Russian. His novel Lolita shocked the world but still received many praises by critics because of its humor and literary style. However, this article will not discuss his writing talent; instead, it will discuss his art of translation, for Nabokov was also a great translator. Specifically, the article will discuss Nabokov’s translation doctrine, translation approaches, and translation tactics (specific ways of tackling translation problems); and how he used them to increase readership. The article focuses on how he increased readership by targeting the audience needs, aiming at conveying complete and accurate meanings, and communicating aesthetic values of the original works.
On the Role of Verbal Particles in Bridging Tense Gap in English-Arabic/ Arabic-English Translation
Authors: Zhiri Younes
Published: August 2021

Translating some grammatical forms such as temporal/event structures accurately across languages (as the case with English and Standard Arabic) is not easy to achieve as languages have different systems to refer to tense and aspect. Grammatical forms communicate meaning and sometimes this meaning can be lost in translation due to the translator’s lack of mastery of both the source and the target languages, or at least one of them. Thus, event structures need to be carefully tackled in translation, and the translator, especially novice ones, need to develop a full understanding of the mechanisms that govern the use of such structures in the languages they are dealing with. Most importantly, they must be aware of the gaps that exist between those languages. In the light of this, the present paper sheds more light on the dissimilarities that exist between English and Standard Arabic as far as tense and aspect are concerned. The study highlights the gaps, and it shows that these gaps can be bridged if more importance is given to discourse clues and verbal particles mainly in the Arabic language.
GROWTH RESPONSE, NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY AND COST ANALYSIS OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF BUCKS FED DIETS CONTAINING GRADED LEVELS OF COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata) HUSK WITH GMELINA (Gmelina arborea) LEAVES AS BASAL DIET
Authors: Oloche Juliana , Dido P. L. , Ayoade J. A.
Published: August 2021

A total of twenty (20) growing WAD bucks of about 7 - 9 months and having average weight of 9.64 kg were used in an 84 day trial to investigate the performance response of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats fed diets containing cowpea husk (CPH). Cowpea husk used for the study was collected from Nasarawa Eggon Local Government Area of Nasarawa State. Four experimental diets were formulated to replace maize offal with cowpea husk and designated A (0%), B (25%), C (50%), and D (75%) and used to feed the bucks. Results showed that none of the performance parameters showed treatment effect (P>0.05). The mean daily weight gain was 56.55 g/day, 52.75 g/day, 42.81 g/day and 50.49 g/day for diets A, B, C and D respectively. The mean daily feed intake ranged between 458.40 g/day -503.00 g/day, with treatments D and B having the highest and lowest numerical values, respectively. The apparent nutrient digestibility coefficient of dry matter (DM), crude fibre (CF), ash, nitrogen free extract (NFE) showed significant differences (P<0.05) among the treatments and some crude fibre fractions like neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) were significantly different (P<0.05) among the treatments means. The concentrate feed cost/kg diet was between ₦63.85-₦73.74. The cost/kg weight gain was best for treatment B (₦617.05). The production efficiency was less than one for all the treatments. Cowpea (vigna unguiculata) husk can be used in the diets of West African dwarf goats without adverse effect on the performance indices and profitability
Contes et légendes du Jura. Transmission d’un patrimoine linguistique et culturel
Authors: Reusser-Elzingre Aurélie
Published: August 2021

« Il était une fois une vieille femme, vérolée par l’âge, qui vivait seule dans une masure délabrée à l’orée du village. Un jour on la vit arriver au bal de la Saint-Martin. Personne ne voulait danser avec elle. Un jeune homme pourtant l’invita. À mesure qu’elle tournait, la danseuse rajeunissait. Tout le monde se demandait qui était cette belle personne aux longs cheveux noirs et au tablier bleu qui voletait autour d’elle… » Voici une des nombreuses légendes qui constituent le corpus de base de cet ouvrage. Celui-ci met en exergue une collecte de contes en patois récoltés par Jules Surdez au début du xxe siècle. Ces textes, en édition bilingue, permettent à l’auteure de discuter de manière approfondie de concepts-clés tels que « patrimoine », « tradition », « authenticité », et de développer des réflexions sur le rôle du dialectologue dans le processus de patrimonialisation linguistique et culturel. Des enquêtes sociolinguistiques réalisées dans le Jura viennent nourrir le débat autour de la disparition et de la valorisation des parlers franc-comtois. Ces développements imposent une distance entre le chercheur et son objet, tout en inscrivant la recherche dans une histoire des dialectes et de leur transmission. À ce titre, ils sont exemplaires et devraient être médités par plus d’un historien et d’un philologue. Un riche glossaire expliquant le sens et l’origine de termes spécifiques renforce cette édition et cette réflexion épistémologique.