bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Intraoperative Electrocochleography Responses and Immediate Postoperative Bone Conduction Thresholds in Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Saoji Aniket A. , Graham Madison K. , Adkins Weston J. , Nassiri Ashley M. , Neff Brian A. , Carlson Matthew L. , Driscoll Colin L. W.
Published: August 2022

Objective

To determine the relationship between intraoperative electrocochleography (ECochG) measurements and residual hearing preservation after cochlear implant (CI) surgery by comparing differences between preoperative and immediate postoperative bone conduction thresholds.

Study Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

Tertiary academic referral center.

Patients

Sixteen patients with preoperative residual hearing and measurable (no-vibrotactile) bone conduction thresholds at 250 and/or 500 Hz who underwent cochlear implantation.

Main Outcome Measure

Intraoperative ECochG and air and bone conduction thresholds.

Results

Nine patients showed no significant drop (<30%) in ECochG amplitude during CI surgery with an average preoperative and immediate postoperative BC threshold of 46 and 39 dB HL, respectively, at 500 Hz. Seven patients with a decrease in ECochG amplitude of 30% or greater showed an average preoperative 500 Hz BC threshold of 32 dB HL and immediate postoperative threshold of 55 dB HL. Air and bone conduction thresholds measured approximately 1 month after CI surgery show delayed-onset of hearing loss across our study patients.

Conclusions

A small decrease (<30%) in difference response or cochlear microphonics amplitude correlates with no significant changes in immediate postoperative residual hearing, whereas patients who show larger changes (≥30%) in difference response or cochlear microphonics amplitude during intraoperative ECochG measurements show significant deterioration in BC thresholds. This study reveals the necessity of prompt postoperative bone conduction measurement to isolate the intraoperative cochlear trauma that may be detected during intraoperative ECochG measurements. Although delayed postoperative audiometrics represent longer-term functional hearing, it includes the sum of all postoperative changes during the recovery period, including subacute changes after implantation that may occur days or weeks later. Measuring air and bone conduction thresholds immediately postoperatively will better isolate factors influencing intraoperative, early postoperative, and delayed postoperative hearing loss. This will ultimately help refine surgical technique, device design, and highlight the use of intraoperative ECochG in monitoring cochlear trauma during CI surgery.
Endoscopic Medial Reepithelization for Inflammatory Canal Stenosis
Authors: Scaria Sonia M. , Tward Aaron D.
Published: August 2022

Objective

Inflammatory external auditory canal (EAC) Stenosis arises from infiltration of inflammatory cells, edema and eventual sclerosing of the medial EAC, leading to complete obstruction and conductive hearing loss. Current treatment includes surgical resection of the affected area with widening and reepithelization of the EAC via postauricular incision, but the condition is reported to recur with high frequency. Our aim was to assess the feasibility of endoscopic transcanal treatment as an alternative to postauricular canalplasty and understand its effect on recurrence rates.

Study Design

Retrospective case review.

Setting

Tertiary referral center.

Patients

Four patients were included who had bilateral conductive hearing loss and inflammatory canal stenosis, all with gross thickening of the tympanic membrane.

Interventions

Patients underwent endoscopic removal of obstructive tissue and reepithelization with split-thickness skin grafting.

Main Outcome Measures

Postoperative air-bone gap (ABG), lack of recurrence, subjective reporting of hearing improvement, and lack of drainage.

Results

Eight of 8 ears (n = 4 patients) had significant improvement in hearing. No recurrence has been observed in any of the patients over a mean follow-up time of 90 months (range, 42–189 mo). Average reduction in ABG was 13.40 dB (SD = 9.0 dB) with a statistically significant difference between the pure tone average preoperative and postoperative ABG (p = 0.0008; n = 7).

Conclusions

Endoscopic treatment of Inflammatory EAC stenosis obviates the need for postauricular incision and results in clinical improvement with a favorable recurrence rate.
How the Past Shapes the Future and What to Do About It: A Discussion at CI 2021 Virtual With Panelists: Teresa Caraway, Ph.D., C.C.C.-S.L.P.; Cliff Megerian, M.D.; Debara Tucci, M.D., M.S., M.B.A.; Peter Thomas, J.D.; Jason Wigand, Au.D.
Authors: Francis Howard W.
Published: August 2022

This report summarizes the highlights of a lively discussion between leaders in the cochlear implant (CI) field who also bring significant leadership experience at the practice and health system levels, as well as policy and research perspectives. The discussion revealed several areas in which established patterns of practice should be reconsidered to facilitate wider acceptance of the CI as part of an integrated continuum of hearing healthcare. The importance of continued innovation to advance outcomes, lower cost, and increase access was emphasized. Trends in healthcare funding, which increasingly reward quality at lower cost, will also challenge longstanding assumptions that have influenced program design. Proactive efforts that pursue consistent value in the episode of surgical care while establishing innovative delivery models for audiological and rehabilitation services are the best hope for a future of equitable access and expanding impact.
Modernizing the Objectives and Organization of Case Investigation and Contact Tracing for the 21st Century
Authors: Golden Matthew R. , Narita Masahiro , Jones Lucretia , Kerndt Peter , Duchin Jeffery
Published: August 2022

Case investigation and contact tracing (CICT) is a longstanding cornerstone of public health disease control efforts for a wide array of communicable diseases, though the content of CICT varies substantially depending on the infection to which it is applied, the epidemiologic circumstances, and interventions available to control an epidemic. In this article, we discuss how CICT is currently used in public health communicable disease, sexually transmitted infection/human immunodeficiency virus, and tuberculosis control programs. We then review how CICT might be modernized, considering issues such as community and health care organization engagement, workforce development, public health program organizational structure, data information systems, case prioritization, and the content to CICT.
Estimation of age-stratified contact rates during the COVID-19 pandemic using a novel inference algorithm
Authors: Pooley Christopher M. , Doeschl-Wilson Andrea B. , Marion Glenn
Published: August 2022

Well parameterized epidemiological models including accurate representation of contacts are fundamental to controlling epidemics. However, age-stratified contacts are typically estimated from pre-pandemic/peace-time surveys, even though interventions and public response likely alter contacts. Here, we fit age-stratified models, including re-estimation of relative contact rates between age classes, to public data describing the 2020–2021 COVID-19 outbreak in England. This data includes age-stratified population size, cases, deaths, hospital admissions and results from the Coronavirus Infection Survey (almost 9000 observations in all). Fitting stochastic compartmental models to such detailed data is extremely challenging, especially considering the large number of model parameters being estimated (over 150). An efficient new inference algorithm ABC-MBP combining existing approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) methodology with model-based proposals (MBPs) is applied. Modified contact rates are inferred alongside time-varying reproduction numbers that quantify changes in overall transmission due to pandemic response, and age-stratified proportions of asymptomatic cases, hospitalization rates and deaths. These inferences are robust to a range of assumptions including the values of parameters that cannot be estimated from available data. ABC-MBP is shown to enable reliable joint analysis of complex epidemiological data yielding consistent parametrization of dynamic transmission models that can inform data-driven public health policy and interventions.

This article is part of the theme issue 'Technical challenges of modelling real-life epidemics and examples of overcoming these'.
Heterogeneity in the onwards transmission risk between local and imported cases affects practical estimates of the time-dependent reproduction number
Authors: Creswell R. , Augustin D. , Bouros I. , Farm H. J. , Miao S. , Ahern A. , Robinson M. , Lemenuel-Diot A. , Gavaghan D. J. , Lambert B. C. , Thompson R. N.
Published: August 2022

During infectious disease outbreaks, inference of summary statistics characterizing transmission is essential for planning interventions. An important metric is the time-dependent reproduction number (Rt), which represents the expected number of secondary cases generated by each infected individual over the course of their infectious period. The value ofRtvaries during an outbreak due to factors such as varying population immunity and changes to interventions, including those that affect individuals' contact networks. While it is possible to estimate a single population-wideRt, this may belie differences in transmission between subgroups within the population. Here, we explore the effects of this heterogeneity onRtestimates. Specifically, we consider two groups of infected hosts: those infected outside the local population (imported cases), and those infected locally (local cases). We use a Bayesian approach to estimateRt, made available for others to use via an online tool, that accounts for differences in the onwards transmission risk from individuals in these groups. Using COVID-19 data from different regions worldwide, we show that different assumptions about the relative transmission risk between imported and local cases affectRtestimates significantly, with implications for interventions. This highlights the need to collect data during outbreaks describing heterogeneities in transmission between different infected hosts, and to account for these heterogeneities in methods used to estimateRt.

This article is part of the theme issue 'Technical challenges of modelling real-life epidemics and examples of overcoming these'.
Modelling herd immunity requirements in Queensland: impact of vaccination effectiveness, hesitancy and variants of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Sanz-Leon Paula , Hamilton Lachlan H. W. , Raison Sebastian J. , Pan Anna J. X. , Stevenson Nathan J. , Stuart Robyn M. , Abeysuriya Romesh G. , Kerr Cliff C. , Lambert Stephen B. , Roberts James A.
Published: August 2022

Long-term control of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks depends on the widespread coverage of effective vaccines. In Australia, two-dose vaccination coverage of above 90% of the adult population was achieved. However, between August 2020 and August 2021, hesitancy fluctuated dramatically. This raised the question of whether settings with low naturally derived immunity, such as Queensland where less than

0.005
%

of the population is known to have been infected in 2020, could have achieved herd immunity against 2021’s variants of concern. To address this question, we used the agent-based model C
ovasim
. We simulated outbreak scenarios (with the Alpha, Delta and Omicron variants) and assumed ongoing interventions (testing, tracing, isolation and quarantine). We modelled vaccination using two approaches with different levels of realism. Hesitancy was modelled using Australian survey data. We found that with a vaccine effectiveness against infection of 80%, it was possible to control outbreaks of Alpha, but not Delta or Omicron. With 90% effectiveness, Delta outbreaks may have been preventable, but not Omicron outbreaks. We also estimated that a decrease in hesitancy from 20% to 14% reduced the number of infections, hospitalizations and deaths by over 30%. Overall, we demonstrate that while herd immunity may not be attainable, modest reductions in hesitancy and increases in vaccine uptake may greatly improve health outcomes.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Technical challenges of modelling real-life epidemics and examples of overcoming these’.
Bayesian emulation and history matching ofJUNE
Authors: Vernon I. , Owen J. , Aylett-Bullock J. , Cuesta-Lazaro C. , Frawley J. , Quera-Bofarull A. , Sedgewick A. , Shi D. , Truong H. , Turner M. , Walker J. , Caulfield T. , Fong K. , Krauss F.
Published: August 2022

We analyzeJUNE: a detailed model of COVID-19 transmission with high spatial and demographic resolution, developed as part of the RAMP initiative.JUNE requires substantial computational resources to evaluate, making model calibration and general uncertainty analysis extremely challenging. We describe and employ the uncertainty quantification approaches of Bayes linear emulation and history matching to mimicJUNE and to perform a global parameter search, hence identifying regions of parameter space that produce acceptable matches to observed data, and demonstrating the capability of such methods.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Technical challenges of modelling real-life epidemics and examples of overcoming these’.
Permeation of human scent through laboratory examination gloves
Authors: Gauthier Quentin T. , Riley Paige , Simon Alison G.
Published: August 2022

It is generally accepted in the canine detection industry that a barrier (such as a glove) should be used between a human and evidence or canine training aids in order to prevent contamination and cross‐contamination as well as protect the handler from hazardous materials. However, no studies exist evaluating this assumption. Further, there is no published literature examining the different types of gloves for their utility in handling evidence or training materials used in canine detection work. This study was the first of its kind to address these gaps in the literature. First, GloGerm™ was used as a proxy for human scent and odor(s)/particulate(s) to visualize potential contamination. Then, three types of gloves (nitrile, two layers of nitrile, latex, and polyethylene) were tested for the permeation of human scent using furfural as a proof of concept, followed by pooled human sweat. Finally, the inherent odor of each glove type was identified. Two analytical techniques were used simultaneously as static and standoff dynamic detection systems, respectively: solid‐phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (SPME–GC–MS) and direct analysis in real time‐mass spectrometry (DART‐MS). Using a double layer of nitrile gloves was the most effective in preventing furfural permeation from the analytical standard, while a single layer of nitrile prevented furfural from permeating from human sweat up to 2 h. Polyethylene gloves allowed the highest amount of furfural permeation but had no inherent odor detected. Headspace analysis detected two compounds for nitrile gloves and four compounds for latex gloves, but the nitrile compounds had a higher relative abundance.
DDR1 functions as an immune negative factor in colorectal cancer by regulating tumor‐infiltrating T cells through IL‐18
Authors: Duan Xiaofan , Xu Xiaoxiao , Zhang Yumei , Gao Yuan , Zhou Jiuli , Li Jin
Published: August 2022

Immunotherapies represented by programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐1/PD‐L1) immune checkpoint inhibitors have made great progress in the field of anticancer treatment, but most colorectal cancer patients do not benefit from immunotherapy. Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1), a tyrosine kinase receptor, is activated by collagen binding and overexpressed in various malignancies. However, the role of DDR1 in colorectal cancer and immunoregulation remains unclear. In this study, we found DDR1 is highly expressed in colorectal cancer tissues and negatively associated with patient survival. We demonstrated that DDR1 promotes colorectal tumor growth only in vivo. Mechanistically, DDR1 is a negative immunomodulator in colorectal cancer and is involved in low infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells by inhibiting IL‐18 synthesis. We also reported that DDR1 enhances the expression of PD‐L1 through activating the c‐Jun amino terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway. In conclusion, our findings elucidate the immunosuppressive role of DDR1 in colorectal cancer, which may represent a novel target to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy in colorectal cancer.
Family support as a working style in child protection in Italy: A comparative study on social workers' child welfare attitudes
Authors: Segatto Barbara , Dal Ben Anna , Genre Bert Selene , Benbenishty Rami
Published: August 2022

Comparative studies on child protection decision‐making highlight the implications and determinants of differences in child welfare systems internationally and reinforce discussions regarding child protection practices and family support when a child is exposed to inadequate parental care. To date, Italian child protection studies have highlighted a system characterised by a strong degree of variability related to the absence of practices shared nationally. Differently, this comparative study focuses more on similarities within the Italian context, seeking to understand how they influence practices. The opinions of 188 Italian social workers with respect to the substantiation of maltreatment, risk assessment and intervention recommendations were compared with the results of a recent study involving practitioners in Israel, Northern Ireland, Spain and the Netherlands. The main outcomes show that Italian social workers prefer a family support orientation, meaning that children are usually removed from their home only if necessary and generally with the aim of reunification with their families. The study also reveals that Italian professionals are more in favour of residential care than foster care.
Quantitative contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: can we predict survival using perfusion parameters? A pilot study.
Authors: Constantin Alina Liliana , Cazacu Irina , Burtea Daniela Elena , Cherciu Harbiyeli Irina , Bejinariu Nona , Popescu Carmen , Serbanescu Mircea , Tabacelia Daniela , Copaescu Catalin , Bhutani Manoop , Stroescu Cezar , Saftoiu Adrian
Published: August 2022

Aim: Contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasound (CEH-EUS) parameters may be used to predict prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between several perfusion parameters on CEH-EUS performed before treatment and survival outcome in patients with PDAC or pNET.Material and methods: Thirty patients with PDAC or pNET who underwent CEH-EUS and EUS-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) were included. Quantitative analysis of tumor vascularity was performed using time-intensity curve (TIC) analysis-derived parameters, obtained from processing CEH-EUS recordings with a commercially available software (VueBox). Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine associations with survival outcome.Results: Median overall survival (OS) for PDAC patients was 9.61 months (95% CI: 0.1-38.7) while the median OS for pNET patients was 15.81 months (95% CI: 5.8-24.75. In a multivariate model for OS, a lower peak enhancement (HR=1.76, p=0.02) and a lower wash-in area under the curve (HR=1.06, p=0.001) were associated with worse survival outcome for patients with PDAC.Conclusions: CEH-EUS parameters may be used as a surrogate to predict PDAC aggressiveness and survival before treatment. After validation by large-scale studies, CEH-EUS perfusion parameters have the potential to be used in pretreatment risk stratification of patients with PDAC and in evidence-based clinical decision support.
Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography for the confirmation of endotracheal tube intubation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Xuxia , Zhang Jiapeng , Karunakaran Monica , Hariharan Vishnu Shankar
Published: August 2022

Aim: Despite several studies and reviews reporting data accuracy of ultrasonography for confirmation of endotracheal intubation, there has been limited pooled evidence summarizing the diagnostic accuracy of this imaging modality, especially based on recent evidence. Hence, the current study reviews the recent literature and conducts a meta-analysis to compare the accuracy of ultrasonography for the confirmation of endotracheal tube placement.Material and methods: We conducted a systematic search for all studies reporting the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography in the databases of Medline, EMBASE,PubMed Central, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar & Cochrane library from inception till December 2021. Meta-analysis was performed using STATA software “midas” package.Results: Thirty-eight studies with 3,268 participants were included. Thepooled sensitivity was 98% (95% CI, 97%-99%) and specificity was 95% (95% CI, 90%-98%), respectively. The AUC was 0.98 (95%CI: 0.96-1.00). The pooled DOR was 1090 (95% CI, 408-2910). Pooled LRP was 19 (95% CI, 9-39) and pooled LRN was 0.02 (0.01-0.03). There was significant heterogeneity found in the outcome with significant chi-square tests and I2 statistics > 75%.Conclusion: Findings from our review demonstrate promise in the applicability of ultrasonography as a major diagnostic tool for confirming the endotracheal tube intubation.
Complete Genome Sequence of Finnry, a Subcluster L3 Mycobacteriophage from Charleston, South Carolina
Authors: Byrum Christine A. , Delesalle Véronique A. , Gold Claudia L. , Bennett Daniel J. , Fox B. Conner , Houston Brandon M. , Koller Harrison E. , Russell Peyton G. , Sreekumar Pavi , Teasley Bradley R. , Vandoros Eva , Zimmerman Anastasia M. , DiBenedetto Mouna S. , Korey Christopher A.
Published: August 2022

Subcluster L3 bacteriophage Finnry was isolated from soil collected in Charleston, South Carolina, using
Mycobacterium smegmatis
mc
2
155 as a host. The genome of this temperate siphovirus is 75,632 bp long (130 predicted protein-coding genes, 9 tRNAs, and no transfer-messenger RNAs), and BLASTn alignment revealed 99.86% identity with the genome of L3 mycobacteriophage Samty.
Shapes and Sizes of Common Silicone Metacarpophalangeal Arthroplasties: Clinical Implications
Authors: SGARDELIS Panagiotis , GIDDINS Grey
Published: August 2022

Background: Silastic metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ) arthroplasty is a recognised treatment for painful finger arthritis. There are two commonly used, albeit different, designs; the Swanson and the NeuFlex©. Which design is optimal is unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiological differences relative to the bones following implantation.

Methods: We examined the radiological features of these implants up to 1 year of follow-up. We reviewed the postoperative radiographs of 42 patients with 113 MCPJ arthroplasties and assessed the implant body anatomical ‘fit’ relative to the widths of the cut metacarpals and proximal phalanges and resection lengths of the metacarpal heads. We also looked for potential axial implant rotation.

Results: The Swanson implants were consistently and statistically significantly wider than the NeuFlex© implants and almost always overhung the margins of the native MCPJ. Four of 33 (12%) of the Swanson and 1 of 80 NeuFlex© implants had rotated axially, the difference was statistically significant. One NeuFlex© implant had fractured at its hinge.

Conclusions: The appreciable difference in the positions of the implant bodies relative to the bones may be important. The overhang of the Swanson implants may confer some stability to the arthroplasty helping to resist lateral deviation forces, but concomitant ligament reconstruction may increase the risk of implant rotation which is likely to reduce the postoperative ranges of motion. Axial silastic implant rotation has not previously been reported. It may influence joint biomechanics; future implant designs should consider the risks of implant rotation.

Level of Evidence: Level IV (Therapeutic)
Single-Cell Dissection of the Multiomic Landscape of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Wang Yicheng , Xie Haoling , Chang Xiaohong , Hu Wenqi , Li Mengyao , Li Yi , Liu Huiping , Cheng Hongyan , Wang Shang , Zhou Ling , Shen Danhua , Dou Sha , Ma Ruiqiong , Mao Yunuo , Zhu Honglan , Zhang Xiaobo , Zheng Yuxuan , Ye Xue , Wen Lu , Kee Kehkooi , Cui Heng , Tang Fuchou
Published: August 2022

High-grade serous cancer (HGSC) is the most common subtype of ovarian cancer. HGSC is highly aggressive with poor patient outcomes, and a deeper understanding of HGSC tumorigenesis could help guide future treatment development. To systematically characterize the underlying pathologic mechanisms and intratumoral heterogeneity in human HGSC, we used an optimized single-cell multiomics sequencing technology to simultaneously analyze somatic copy-number alterations (SCNA), DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility, and transcriptome in individual cancer cells. Genes associated with interferon signaling, metallothioneins, and metabolism were commonly upregulated in ovarian cancer cells. Integrated multiomics analyses revealed that upregulation of interferon signaling and metallothioneins was influenced by both demethylation of their promoters and hypomethylation of satellites and LINE1, and potential key transcription factors regulating glycolysis using chromatin accessibility data were uncovered. In addition, gene expression and DNA methylation displayed similar patterns in matched primary and abdominal metastatic tumor cells of the same genetic lineage, suggesting that metastatic cells potentially preexist in the subclones of primary tumors. Finally, the lineages of cancer cells with higher residual DNA methylation levels and upregulated expression of CCN1 and HSP90AA1 presented greater metastatic potential. This study characterizes the critical genetic, epigenetic, and transcriptomic features and their mutual regulatory relationships in ovarian cancer, providing valuable resources for identifying new molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for HGSC.

Significance:

Integrated analysis of multiomic changes and epigenetic regulation in high-grade serous ovarian cancer provides insights into the molecular characteristics of this disease, which could help improve diagnosis and treatment.
Molecular Mechanisms and Future Implications of VEGF/VEGFR in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Patel Sonia A. , Nilsson Monique B. , Le Xiuning , Cascone Tina , Jain Rakesh K. , Heymach John V.
Published: August 2022

Angiogenesis, the sprouting of new blood vessels from existing vessels, is one of six known mechanisms employed by solid tumors to recruit blood vessels necessary for their initiation, growth, and metastatic spread. The vascular network within the tumor facilitates the transport of nutrients, oxygen, and immune cells and is regulated by pro- and anti-angiogenic factors. Nearly four decades ago, VEGF was identified as a critical factor promoting vascular permeability and angiogenesis, followed by identification of VEGF family ligands and their receptors (VEGFR). Since then, over a dozen drugs targeting the VEGF/VEGFR pathway have been approved for approximately 20 solid tumor types, usually in combination with other therapies. Initially designed to starve tumors, these agents transiently “normalize” tumor vessels in preclinical and clinical studies, and in the clinic, increased tumor blood perfusion or oxygenation in response to these agents is associated with improved outcomes. Nevertheless, the survival benefit has been modest in most tumor types, and there are currently no biomarkers in routine clinical use for identifying which patients are most likely to benefit from treatment. However, the ability of these agents to reprogram the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment into an immunostimulatory milieu has rekindled interest and has led to the FDA approval of seven different combinations of VEGF/VEGFR pathway inhibitors with immune checkpoint blockers for many solid tumors in the past 3 years. In this review, we discuss our understanding of the mechanisms of response and resistance to blocking VEGF/VEGFR, and potential strategies to develop more effective therapeutic approaches.
Bibliotecas escolares em cooperativas de ensino
Authors: Gracioso Luciana de Souza , Campli Graziella Fernada de
Published: August 2022

No intuito de identificar a lacuna de pesquisas relacionadas ao contexto das Bibliotecas escolares no âmbito das escolas cooperativas, este trabalho se propõe apresentar uma análise descritiva das principais pesquisas identificadas que relacionam bibliotecas escolares, educação privada, educação particular e educação cooperativa, no contexto das publicações em Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação. As bases selecionadas para esta verificação bibliográfica foram BENANCIB e BRAPCI e somente trabalhos nacionais foram considerados neste momento. Uma vez constatada, a partir do levantamento bibliográfico e revisão de literatura, a escassez de trabalhos científicos publicados sobre a relação entre os assuntos elencados, é desenvolvida uma apresentação descritiva da estrutura das Cooperativas de Ensino, dando destaque ao caso da Escola Educativa de São Carlos, a partir do método “Relato de experiência” com o objetivo de demonstrar como é possível e viável a disponibilização de uma Biblioteca escolar, com Bibliotecário contratado, e que desenvolve ações concatenadas aos projetos pedagógicos em curso, em ambientes privados de ensino.
A poeta-repórter: resenha de Um país no horizonte de Cecília
Authors: Feitosa Bruna Carolina Cavalcante
Published: August 2022

Resenha do livro 'Um país no horizonte de Cecília' (2021), organizado e apresentado por Gustavo Henrique Tuna.
The Association of Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity with Different Measurements of Metabolic Syndrome: The Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Booker Robert , Beech Bettina M. , Bruce Marino A. , Thorpe Roland J. , Norris Keith C. , Heitman Elizabeth , Newton Robert L. , Holmes Megan E.
Published: August 2022

Purpose: Cross-sectional investigation of the association of sedentary behavior and physical activity with metabolic syndrome (MetS) among the African American participants in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS).

Methods: Prevalence, number of individual components, and MetS severity z-score (MetS-Z) were examined. MetS was classified using ATP-III thresholds. MetS-Z was calculated using sex-, race-, and ethnicity-specific formulas. Sedentary behavior and physical activity were calculated from the JHS Physical Activity Cohort survey (JPAC). Associations between sedentary behavior and physical activity with MetS were assessed by logistic, negative binomial, and ordinary least squares regressions.

Results: The mean participant age ( N = 3370) was 61.7 ± 11.9 years and most were female (63.9%). Among all participants, 60.5% were classified with MetS. Overall MetS-Z was moderately high (.31 ± 1.07). Most waking hours were sedentary, with just under 40 daily minutes of self-reported physical activity. Physical activity was associated with lower prevalence of MetS, the number of individual components, and MetS-Z score ( p < .05). Sedentary behavior was not associated with MetS in any fully adjusted models ( p > .05).

Conclusions: Physical activity was associated with lower cardiometabolic risk, irrespective of sedentary behavior. Further studies are needed to better understand why no relation was found between sedentary behavior and cardiometabolic risk in this cohort of African American adults.
Field performance of Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase rapid diagnostic tests during a large histidine-rich protein 2 deletion survey in Ethiopia
Authors: Feleke Sindew Mekasha , Gidey Bokretsion , Mohammed Hussein , Nega Desalegn , Dillu Dereje , Haile Mebrhatom , Solomon Hiwot , Parr Jonathan B. , Tollera Getachew , Tasew Geremew , Mamo Hassen , Petros Beyene
Published: August 2022

Background

Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have expanded diagnostic service to remote endemic communities in Ethiopia, where 70% of malaria services per annum are reliant on them. However, diagnostic strategies are threatened by Plasmodium falciparum parasites with deletions of the histidine-rich protein 2 and/or 3 (pfhrp2/3) genes. Studies have reported pfhrp2/3 gene deletion prevalence in Ethiopia that exceeds the WHO recommended threshold to switch to non-HRP2 targeted RDTs for detection of P. falciparum. Therefore, RDTs that target alternative antigens, such as P. falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (PfLDH) are increasingly in programmatic use.

Methods

Malaria suspected patients visiting health facilities of Amhara, Tigray, Gambella, and Oromia regions of Ethiopia were screened by community health workers using Carestart Pf/Pv (HRP2/Pv-LDH) and SD-Bioline Pf (HRP2 for Pf/LDH for Pf) RDTs. Dried blood spot (DBS) samples were collected from selected patients for molecular and serological analysis. The clinical data and RDT results were recorded on standard forms, entered into EpiInfo, and analysed using STATA. The Pf-LDH detecting RDT results were compared with real-time PCR and bead-based immunoassay to determine their diagnostic performance.

Results

The 13,172 (56% male and 44% female, median age of 19 years ranging from 1 to 99 year) study participants were enrolled and tested with PfHRP2 and PfLDH detection RDTs; 20.6% (95% CI: 19.6 to 21.6) were P. falciparum RDT positive. A subset of samples (n = 820) were previously tested using P. falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (pfldh) quantitative real-time PCR, and 456 of these further characterized using bead-based immunoassay. The proportion of samples positive for P. falciparum by the PfHRP2 Carestart and SD-Bioline RDTs were 66% (539/820) and 59% (481/820), respectively; 68% (561/820) were positive for the PfLDH band on the SD-Bioline RDT. The sensitivity and specificity of the PfLDH RDT band were 69% and 38%, respectively, versus pfldh qPCR; and 72% and 36%, respectively, versus PfLDH detection by immunoassay. Among samples with results for RDT, qPCR, and immunoassay, higher proportions of P. falciparum were recorded by pfldh qPCR (90%, 411/456) and PfLDH immunoassay (88%, 363/413) compared to the PfLDH band on the SD-Bioline RDT (74.6%, 340/456).

Conclusion and recommendation

Both PfHRP2 RDTs detected fewer P. falciparum cases than PfLDH, and fewer cases than qPCR or immunoassay. The poor sensitivity and specificity of the PfLDH RDT compared to qPCR and to immunoassay in this study raises concern. Continuous operator training and RDTs quality assurance programme to ensure quality diagnostic services are recommended.
Alpha5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mediated immune escape of lung adenocarcinoma via STAT3/Jab1-PD-L1 signalling
Authors: Zhu Ping , Jin Zhengxin , Kang Guiyu , Jia Yanfei , Liu Duanrui , Zhang Qian , Guo Feiyang , Jia Ying , Jiao Yang , Li Jingtan , Sun Haiji , Ma Xiaoli
Published: August 2022

Background

Immunotherapy has proven to be an emerging treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer in recent years. Notably, smokers show higher programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression and better responses to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors than nonsmokers. Genome-wide association studies show that the CHRNΑ5 encoding α5-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α5-nAChR) is especially relevant to lung cancer and nicotine dependence. Jab1 is a key regulatory factor and promotes the stabilization of PD-L1. Our previous study reported that α5-nAChR mediates lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis via STAT3/Jab1. However, the link between α5-nAChR and PD-L1 is unclear in LUAD.

Methods

We used various bioinformatics databases to analyze the expression of related genes and their correlations. Expression and clinicopathologic significance of α5-nAChR and PD-L1 were detected by immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray. α5-nAChR regulated LUAD cell immune escape by targeting the STAT3/Jab1-PD-L1 signalling by Western-blotting and ChIP in vitro. We used T cell coculture, flow cytometry, ELISA, CCK8 assay and crystal violet staining to detect the expression of regulatory T cell (Tregs), IFN-γ, IL-2 and the ability of T cell-mediated tumour cell killing respectively. IF assays were performed in both cancer cells and tumour xenograft paraffin sections to analyze the protein expression. The in vivo experiments in mouse model were performed to show the α5-nAChR-mediated immune escape via PD-L1 pathway.

Results

The expression of α5-nAChR was correlated with PD-L1 expression, smoking status and lower survival of LUAD in vivo. In vitro, the expression of α5-nAChR mediated phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3), Jab1 and PD-L1 expression. STAT3 bound to the Jab1 or PD-L1 promoter and mediated PD-L1 expression. Jab1 stabilized PD-L1 expression in LUAD cells. Furthermore, in primary T cell cocultured system, downregulation of α5-nAChR suppressed the function of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Tregs, enhanced IFN-γ secretion, and increased T cell-mediated killing of LUAD cells. In the Jurkat T cells and LUAD cells coculture assay, inhibition of α5-nAChR increased IL-2 secretion. In tumour xenograft tissues, α5-nAChR expression was related to PD-L1, Jab1, pSTAT3, CD4 and granzyme B expression (GB).

Conclusions

Our results suggest that the novel α5-nAChR/STAT3-Jab1-PD-L1 axis is involved in LUAD immune escape, which could lead to potential therapeutic strategies for cancer immunotherapy.
Improving diabetic patients’ adherence to treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease (Office Guidelines Applied to Practice—IMPACT Study)—a cluster randomized controlled effectiveness trial
Authors: Olomu Adesuwa , Kelly-Blake Karen , Hart-Davidson William , Gardiner Joseph , Luo Zhehui , Heisler Michele , Holmes-Rovner Margaret
Published: August 2022

Background

Despite nationwide improvements in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and morbidity, CVD deaths in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are 2–4 times higher than among those without T2DM. A key contributor to these poor health outcomes is medication non-adherence. Twenty-one to 42% of T2DM patients do not take blood sugar, blood pressure (BP), or statin medications as prescribed. Interventions that foster and reinforce patient-centered communication show promise in improving health outcomes. However, they have not been widely implemented, in part due to a lack of compelling evidence for their effectiveness in real-life primary care settings.

Methods

This pragmatic cluster-randomized trial randomizes 17 teams in 12 Federally Qualified Healthcare Centers (FQHCs) to two experimental groups: intervention (group 1): Office-Gap + Texting vs. control (group 2): Texting only. Office-GAP (Office-Guidelines Applied to Practice) is a patient activation intervention to improve communication and patient-provider partnerships through brief patient and provider training in shared decision-making (SDM) and use of a guideline-based checklist. The texting intervention (Way2Health) is a cell phone messaging service that informs and encourages patients to adhere to goals, adhere to medication use and improve communication. After recruitment, patients in groups 1 and 2 will both attend (1) one scheduled group visit, (90–120 min) conducted by trained research assistants, and (2) follow-up visits with their providers after group visit at 0–1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Data will be collected over 12-month intervention period. Our primary outcome is medication adherence measured using eCAP electronic monitoring and self-report. Secondary outcomes are (a) diabetes-specific 5-year CVD risk as measured with the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Engine score, (b) provider engagement as measured by the CollaboRATE Shared-Decision Making measure, and (c) patient activation measures (PAM).

Discussion

This study will provide a rigorous pragmatic evaluation of the effectiveness of combined mHealth, and patient activation interventions compared to mHealth alone, targeting patients and healthcare providers in safety net health centers, in improving medication adherence and decreasing CVD risk. Given that 20–50% of adults with chronic illness demonstrate medication non-adherence, increasing adherence is essential to improve CVD outcomes as well as healthcare cost savings.

Trial registration

The ClinicalTrials.gov registration number is NCT04874116.
The Risks of Cardiovascular Disease Following Weight Change in Adults With Diabetes: A Cohort Study and Meta-analysis
Authors: Dong Yue , Chen Zhenyuan , Gong Yanhong , Han Yanping , Yu Hanbing , Zeng Xiaozhou , Chen Zimei , An Rongrong , Sun Na , Yin Xiaoxv
Published: August 2022

Context

Weight management is recognized as critical in reducing cardiometabolic risk factors for adults with diabetes, but the effects of weight change on cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes are unknown.

Objective

To evaluate 18-month weight change and subsequent risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in established individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Design and Setting

This study consisted of a cohort study and a meta-analysis. In the cohort study, weight change over 18 months was divided into gain ≥ 5%, gain 1% to 5%, stable -1% to 1%, loss 1% to 5%, and loss ≥ 5%. Cox regression analyses were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs. We then used random-effect models to pool the results combing our study with other relevant studies.

Results

In the cohort study, 8920 participants with valid weight measurements were included. Compared with patients with stable weight, higher risks were seen in those with weight change for total vascular complications (gain ≥ 5%: HR = 1.43, 95% CI, 1.10-1.85; gain 1%-5%: HR = 1.44, 95% CI, 1.02-2.03; loss ≥ 5%: HR = 1.58, 95% CI, 1.20-2.08), macrovascular complications (gain ≥ 5%: HR = 1.84, 95% CI, 1.16-2.91; loss 1%-5%: HR = 1.91, 95% CI, 1.06-3.43; loss ≥ 5%: HR = 2.18, 95% CI, 1.36-3.49) and microvascular complications (loss ≥ 5%: HR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.06–2.06). Meta-analysis also showed similar results.

Conclusions

Weight gain and loss over 18 months among patients with type 2 diabetes, especially weight change ≥ 5%, may be a warning sign of adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
Effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions on function and satisfaction with occupational performance among adults with conditions of the hand, wrist, and forearm: a protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Sheerin Margo , O' Riordan Cliona , Conneely Mairead , Carey Leonora , Ryan Damien , Galvin Rose , Morrissey Ann-Marie
Published: August 2022

Background: Functional hand use post injury is important in enabling a person’s engagement in daily living tasks. Without proper treatment, there may be difficulties in self-care, engaging in job roles, or leisure pursuits. Occupational therapists are key health care practitioners for people with upper limb conditions. This systematic review aims to appraise and summarise current evidence regarding effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions among adults with conditions of the hand, wrist, and forearm.

Methods: A systematic review of randomised control trials and quasi randomised controlled trials will be completed. MEDLINE OVID, CINAHL, CENTRAL, COCHRANE, PUBMED and EMBASE databases will be systematically searched. Grey literature will be searched for via Google Scholar. Studies will be included if they include provision of occupational therapy to adults with a hand, wrist, or forearm condition when compared to treatment as usual or an alternative treatment option. The primary outcome will be function. Secondary outcomes will include satisfaction with occupational performance, quality of life, pain experience, and participation. The Brief International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Core Set for Hand Conditions will be used to categorise outcomes. The Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) framework will be utilised to assess quality. A pooled meta- analysis will be completed using RevMan, depending on the uniformity and availability of data.

Results: This review aims to synthesise high quality evidence to identify the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions with patients with a hand, wrist, or forearm condition, categorising outcomes in relation to the ICF Core Set for Hand Conditions.

Conclusions: By synthesising the evidence there is potential for improved evidence base for clinicians; improved outcomes for patients; as well as potential economic benefit.

This study is registered with PROSPERO: CRD42022337070.
SPEAKING OF OPTIMIZING THE MANAGEMENT OF CURRENT ASSETS OF ENTERPRISES IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
Authors: MIROLYUBOVA S. , VOROBYEV D. , BUGROVA S.
Published: August 2022

In the conditions of the digital economy, manufacturing enterprises often have problems associated with the inefficient use of sources of formation of current assets, which, in turn, leads to a loss of competitiveness of the enterprise and a decrease in its solvency in a dynamically changing market in the context of digital transformation. As part of the research, the results of which are presented in this article, the authors have developed proposals for optimizing the management of current assets of modern enterprises
PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY AND SELF-ATTITUDE OF WORKING AND UNEMPLOYED YOUTH
Authors: AFANASYEVA JU.
Published: August 2022

The article presents the results of a study of professional identity and self-attitude among unemployed and working youth. The study sample consisted of 53 people aged 18 to 28 years, the average age was 25. The data obtained can be used to develop the most adequate and effective forms of psychological assistance and support for the unemployed for their further employment.
The Relationship Between the Personality Type 0f Teachers and Methods of Stimulating Their Professional Activities
Authors: Podymaka Yu. , Korobkina M.
Published: August 2022

Encouraging employees to the most productive work and to striving to continue to engage in their activities is one of the most important tasks of human resource management services at the present time. This is especially true for the work of teachers, because the desire to transfer their knowledge, constant readiness for self – development and enthusiasm are the main keys to the implementation of an effective educational process.
There are several definitions of the concepts of "motivation" and "stimulation" in the theoretical part of the article, that are given by different authors and a comparison of the usage of these concepts. The main aspects of the methodology of J. Holland, used further in the article.
The practical part of the article presents the results of an empirical study of the personality types of teaching staff and the relationship of the types obtained with the ways to stimulate their labor activity.
There are recommendations at the end of the article, that are given to improve the motivation of teachers by stimulating them in various ways, depending on their personality type, and also there are some conclusions.