bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unified multiconductor transmission-line model of multiple-shields multiconductor cables: evaluation of shield connections performances
Authors: Parmantier J.-P. , Junqua I. , Ridel M. , Bertuol S.
Published: March 2023

This paper presents a transmission-line model of a multiple-shields multiconductor cable. This unified model includes at the same time the propagation and cross-coupling characteristics of the electrical wires and of the cable-shields. It also includes the electromagnetic characteristics of the shields (in terms of transfer impedance and transfer admittance). It is derived in compliance with the multiconductor-transmission-line theory and it is valid whatever the connection configurations at the shield ends are. Therefore, it makes it possible the modelling of realistic connection problems ranging from ideal 360° shield connections to simple bonding wires. In addition, it is suitable for both electromagnetic susceptibility and emission problems. The paper proposes a physical explanation of the derived per-unit-length matrices. This unified model is also used to define the required conditions for being able to calculate the response of a shielded-cable in a two-steps model in which the shield problem and the inner shield problem are solved in sequence. Finally, the paper illustrates an application of the model in order to evaluate performances of a shielded-cable-link on crosstalk configurations with respect to various electrical bonding techniques of the shield.
Design of Wideband Fractal MIMO Antenna using Minkowski and Koch Hybrid Curves on Half Octagonal Radiating Patch with High Isolation and Gain for 5G Applications
Authors: Sidhu A. K. , Sivia J. S.
Published: March 2023

This article represents a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) hybrid fractal antenna with wider bandwidth. The hybrid fractal MIMO antenna is created by integrating Minkowski and Koch curves on a half octagonal radiating patch. A wider impedance bandwidth 20.4GHz (1.0 to 21.4GHz) and 6.10GHz (23.9 to 30GHz) along with fractional bandwidth of 182.14% and 22.63% has been achieved by using an amalgamated fractal configuration and a tapered microstrip line feed. The proposed antenna retains high isolation between -20 to -50dB in the entire frequency range along with the DG value greater than 9.99 dB and the ECC  less than 0.02. The operating frequency increases from 1.5GHz to 8.5GHz with gain of 8dBi .The gain is almost flat and varies between 4dBi to 7dBi in the frequency range from 8.5GHz to 21.1GHz. Further, in the frequency range from 23.9 to 25.9GHz, the gain rises exponentially to 14dBi Hence, the proposed hybrid fractal MIMO antenna is a proficient candidate for 5G, 3.5GHz band (3.4 – 3.6GHz), 5G NR (New Radio) frequency bands (3.3 – 5.0GHz), LTE band 46 (5.15 – 5.925GHz), EU (European Union) 5G frequency band (5.9 – 6.4GHz), UWB applications (3.1 – 10.6GHz) and 5G 26GHz frequency band.
Electrothermal Analyses of Bandpass NGD RLC-Network Topologies
Authors: Sambatra E. J. R. , Ngoho S. , Haddad F. , Guerin M. , Fontgalland G. , Rahajandraibe W. , Ravelo B.
Published: March 2023

This paper develops an original study of temperature effect on the unfamiliar bandpass (BP) negative group delay (NGD) lumped passive circuits. The paper presents the first study of electrothermal analysis of electronic circuits classified as BP-NGD topologies. The considered BP-NGD passive cells are mainly constituted by RLC-resonant networks. The equivalence between two basic BP-NGD topologies constituted by RLC-series and RLC-parallel networks is elaborated via the voltage transfer function (VTF) analogy. Then, the theoretical demonstrations are introduced to define the main specifications as the NGD center frequency, NGD value, attenuation and NGD bandwidth. The electrothermal innovative study is developed based on the temperature coefficient resistor (TCR) of elements constituting the BP-NGD circuits. With proofs of concept of RLC-series and RLC-parallel circuits operating with -500 ns NGD value at 13.56 MHz, calculated and simulated results showing are in excellent agreement. The sensitivity analyses of BP-NGD specifications in function of ambient temperature variation from 0°C to 100°C are investigated. The BP-NGD response variations versus frequency and temperature are characterized with thermo-frequency cartographies and discussed.
Relationship between ferroptosis and mitophagy in cardiac ischemia reperfusion injury: a mini-review
Authors: Liu Cuihua , Li Zunjiang , Li Botao , Liu Wei , Zhang Shizhong , Qiu Kuncheng , Zhu Wei
Published: March 2023

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), with high morbidity and mortality, seriously affect people’s life and social development. Clinically, reperfusion therapy is typically used to treat ischemic cardiomyopathy, such as severe coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction. However, reperfusion therapy can lead to myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI), which can affect the prognosis of patients. Studying the mechanisms of MIRI can help us improve the treatment of MIRI. The pathological process of MIRI involves many mechanisms such as ferroptosis and mitophagy. Ferroptosis can exacerbate MIRI, and regulation of mitophagy can alleviate MIRI. Both ferroptosis and mitophagy are closely related to ROS, but there is no clear understanding of the relationship between ferroptosis and mitophagy. In this review, we analyzed the relationship between ferroptosis and mitophagy according to the role of mTOR, NLPR3 and HIF. In addition, simultaneous regulation of mitophagy and ferroptosis may be superior to single therapy for MIRI. We summarized potential drugs that can regulate mitophagy and/or ferroptosis, hoping to provide reference for the development of drugs and methods for MIRI treatment.
Extraosseous Ectopic Meningioma on Temporoparietal Region Mimicking a Soft Tissue Tumour: A Case Report
Authors: Tyagi Swati , Yadav Arun , Singh Anshul , Misra Vatsala
Published: March 2023

Ectopic meningiomas are very rare tumour entities that account for approximately 1-2% of all meningiomas and appear extracranially mostly in the head and neck region. Usually they create diagnostic confusion in an ectopic site with other soft tissue neoplasms, mostly peripheral nerve sheath tumors, myogenic tumours and vascular tumours, more so, with morphological variants like fibroblastic, angiomatous, etc. that may not show the meningothelial cells conspicuously. Here authors report one such case of a 55-year-old female, presenting with a slowly growing non tender left temporal mass since childhood that was thought to be a myogenic tumour on Computed Tomography (CT) scan but on microscopy was a transitional meningioma with mixed fibroblastic and meningothelial pattern. Hence, ectopic meningioma is one of the imperative diagnosis that a pathologist should keep in mind while dealing with soft tissue neoplasms of the head and neck region.
Localised Morphea Treated Empirically with Ceftriaxone
Authors: Patil Deena , Suparna Madivalara Yallappa , Govindarajulu Shruthi Madhavi , Sumathy Tharayil Kunneth
Published: March 2023

Localised morphea is an autoimmune sclerosing disorder of unknown aetiology. Various triggering factors are known to be associated with the disease including infections, vaccination, autoimmune disorders, and trauma. Amongst the infections, the common causative organisms associated with morphea are Borrelia burgdorferi, varicella, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). EpsteinBarred morphea presents as an initial inflammatory stage and a later inactive stage. It is characterised by sclerosis of skin with hyper or depigmentation. The antibiotics effective against borrelia infection are benzyl penicillin, doxycycline, and ceftriaxone. These antibiotics are tried in the treatment of localised morphea. Ceftriaxone is one of the best antibiotics preferred to treat borrelia infection at all stages. Apart from its antibiotic properties, it also has an anti-inflammatory and collagen remodelling properties. All five cases of localised morphea reported here were biopsy proven, Antinuclear Antibody (ANA) and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) factor negative. All the cases were treated with weekly single intramuscular dose of ceftriaxone 250 mg. After eight weeks there was remarkable improvement in the induration and pigmentation of the lesions.
Evaluation of Muscle Proximate Composition and Nutritional Value of Six Freshwater Fish Species
Authors: Indur Basawarajeshwari , Vishwajit D. , Prashant V. , Ambrish V.
Published: March 2023

Fish is an economically viable source of animal protein that is widely available even in rural areas, making it an easily accessible source of protein. The aim of the present study was to determine the proximate composition and nutritional value of 6 different freshwater species of fishes: Orechromis nitoticus, Labeo rohita, Ompok bimaculatus, Notopterus chitala, Channa striata, and Catla catla. The study was conducted from March to September 2022. Nutritional and economic factors were taken into account in the selection of the fish types. According to our findings, dry fish has high-protein content and low-fat which can contribute greatly to children's as well as adult’s recommended protein intake. Fish nutritional value varies significantly depending on the species, size, and age of the fish, but understanding the proximate composition of the fish can provide us with a general idea of its nutritional profile. The data that has been summarized could prove to be beneficial for further studies to determine how dry fish can be utilized effectively to combat malnutrition issues in India and also shares an insight into nutritional values of different fresh water fishes available in the Kalaburagi region.
Will Emotional Intelligence Contribute to Entrepreneurial Success of FIIRO (Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi) Technology Adoptees in South West Geopolitical Zone Nigeria?
Authors: Matthew Oyeku, Oyedele , Adewale Adejuwon, Joshua , Jummai Tutuwa, Adamu , Victoria Oyeku, Bonuola
Published: March 2023

Businesses are failing at alarming rate most especially at post Covid-19 era. Recent global inflation has also contributed to the rate at which enterprises are failing. Entrepreneurs must begin to do personal assessment to properly harness some personal attributes and deploy them appropriately in a way to enhance business performance. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of emotional intelligence on entrepreneurial success of technology adoptees of the Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi in South West geopolitical zone (GPZ). Two hundred and fifty FIIRO technology adoptees who have established businesses in SW GPZ, One hundred and twenty of the technology adoptees who are members of the National Association of Small and Medium Enterprises (NASME) and are operating within the South West GPZ were selected using simple random sampling technique to participate in the study but only eighty-six responded to the survey instrument.  Cross sectional research design approach was adopted while primary data was collected using a 6-point Likert Scale questionnaire. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS to determine the effect of emotional intelligence on entrepreneurial success. Emotional intelligence was measured using five dimensions of emotional intelligence namely: self awareness, self regulation, internal motivation, empathy and skill building while entrepreneurial success was measured by both financial and non financial performance measures. The result of simple regression analysis shows that emotional intelligence has a weak and significant effect on entrepreneurial success FIIRO technology adoptees. On the sub variables and their effects on entrepreneurial success, self regulation and empathy have weak and significant relationship with entrepreneurial success while self-awareness, internal motivation and skill building have very weak relationship and no significant effect on entrepreneurial success. Based on the outcome of this study, it is recommended that entrepreneurs, management consultants and government agencies with responsibility for SMEs development should take good advantage of the findings of this study to develop strategies that will enhance entrepreneurial success most especially in this post Covid-19 era.
The Ethics of Expanded Access Research
Authors: Polak Tobias Boy , Fernandez Lynch Holly
Published: March 2023

This Viewpoint discusses the benefits of expanded access research, the usefulness of expanded access data, the issues surrounding cost and transparency, and the adjusted role of institutional review boards.
What Should I Know About Stopping Routine Cancer Screening?
Authors: Zhang Grace Y. , Incze Michael A.
Published: March 2023

This JAMA Internal Medicine Patient Page describes benefits and harms of cancer screening and how to decide when it may be time to stop routine screening.
A Step Forward in the Fight Against Dementia—Are We There Yet?
Authors: Wolk David A. , Rabinovici Gil D. , Dickerson Bradford C.
Published: March 2023

This Viewpoint reports on the results of the Clarity AD trial, a phase 3 randomized clinical trial of lecanemab for patients with early Alzheimer disease, in which lecanemab’s clinical efficacy was demonstrated using well-established outcome measures.
Enhanced Photocurrent Performance of Flexible Micro‐Photodetector Based on PN Nanowires Heterojunction using All‐Laser Direct Patterning
Authors: Mun Jonghwan , Kong Heejung , Lee Jehoon , Lee Hee Jin , Yang Haechang , Kim Hee Yeong , Park Suk Woo , Ko Seonmi , Hwang Suwon , Dho Joonghoe , Yeo Junyeob
Published: March 2023

UV micro‐photodetectors (mPDs) have received significant attention owing to the increasing demand for application in wearable healthcare devices. However, mPDs often suffer from tiny signals owing to their small size. Although this problem can be overcome by using low‐dimensional nanomaterials with high surface‐to‐volume ratios, such as nanowires (NWs), selective synthesis of functional NWs on the desired position of the specific substrate is challenging. This study introduces, for the first time, the laser‐induced hydrothermal growth (LIHG) process, in which a strongly focused laser beam generates a localized high‐temperature field, enabling the localized growth of CuO NWs on the desired position of the specific substrate. Also, an all‐laser direct patterning process for the fabrication of a flexible mPD based on a p‐CuO NW/n‐ZnO NW heterojunction is demonstrated. The PN NWs heterojunction exhibits remarkable photocurrent enhancement compared to a homojunction with a single semiconductor material. Furthermore, the all‐laser direct patterning process of the flexible PN NWs heterojunction can be applied for the fabrication of other flexible optoelectronic applications.
Coupling Probiotics with 2D CoCuMo‐LDH Nanosheets as a Tumor‐Microenvironment‐Responsive Platform for Precise NIR‐II Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Yang Yu , Hu Tingting , Bian Yixin , Meng Fanqi , Yu Shilong , Li Hai , Zhang Qinghua , Gu Lin , Weng Xisheng , Tan Chaoliang , Liang Ruizheng
Published: March 2023

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has become a promising cancer treatment approach with superior advantages. However, it remains a grand challenge to develop tumor microenvironment (TME)‐responsive photosensitizers (PSs) for tumor‐targeting precise PDT. Herein, the coupling Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) probiotics with 2D CoCuMo layered‐double‐hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets (LA&LDH) is reported as a TME‐responsive platform for precise NIR‐II PDT. The CoCuMo‐LDH nanosheets loaded on LA can be transformed from crystalline into amorphous through etching by the LA‐metabolite‐enabled low pH and overexpressed glutathione. The TME‐induced in situ amorphization of CoCuMo‐LDH nanosheets can boost its photodynamic activity for singlet oxygen (1O2) generation under 1270 nm laser irradiation with relative 1O2 quantum yield of 1.06, which is the highest among previously reported NIR‐excited PSs. In vitro and in vivo assays prove that the LA&LDH can effectively achieve complete cell apoptosis and tumor eradication under 1270 nm laser irradiation. This study proves that the probiotics can be used as a tumor‐targeting platform for highly efficient precise NIR‐II PDT.
Annealing‐Induced Chemical Interaction at the Ag/In2O3:H Interface as Revealed by In Situ Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Authors: Xiao Ting , Erfurt Darja , Félix Roberto , Liao Xiaxia , Frisch Johannes , Abou‐Ras Daniel , Mazzio Katherine A. , Wilks Regan G. , Schlatmann Rutger , Bär Marcus
Published: March 2023

Hydrogen‐doped In2O3 (In2O3:H) is highly conductive while maintaining extraordinary transparency, thus making it a very attractive material for applications in optoelectronic devices such as (multijunction) solar cells or light‐emitting devices. However, the corresponding metal/In2O3:H contacts may exhibit undesirably high resistances, significantly deteriorating device performance. To gain insight into the underlying efficiency‐limiting mechanism, hard X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy is employed to in‐situ monitor annealing‐induced changes in the chemical structure of the Ag/In2O3:H interface system that is further complemented by ex‐situ electron microscopy analyses and contact resistance measurements. The observed evolution of the Ag‐ and In‐related photoelectron line intensities can be explained by significant intermixing across the Ag/In2O3:H interface. The corresponding lineshape broadening of the Ag 3d spectra is attributed to the formation of Ag2O and AgO, which becomes significant at temperatures above approximately 160 °C. However, after annealing to 300 °C, instead of the formation of an insulating AgOx interfacial layer, it is found i) In to be rather homogeneously distributed in the complete Ag/In2O3:H stack, ii) Ag diffusing into the In2O3:H, and iii) an improvement of the contact resistance rather than its often‐reported deterioration.
Creating 3D Objects with Integrated Electronics via Multiphoton Fabrication In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Baldock Sara J. , Kevin Punarja , Harper Garry R. , Griffin Rebecca , Genedy Hussein H. , Fong M. James , Zhao Zhiyi , Zhang Zijian , Shen Yaochun , Lin Hungyen , Au Catherine , Martin Jack R. , Ashton Mark D. , Haskew Mathew J. , Stewart Beverly , Efremova Olga , Esfahani Reza N. , Emsley Hedley C. A. , Appleby John B. , Cheneler David , Cummings Damian M. , Benedetto Alexandre , Hardy John G.
Published: March 2023

3D objects with integrated electronics are produced using an additive manufacturing approach relying on multiphoton fabrication (direct laser writing, (DLW)). Conducting polymer‐based structures (with micrometer‐millimeter scale features) are printed within exemplar matrices, including an elastomer (polydimethylsiloxane, (PDMS)) have been widely investigated for biomedical applications. The fidelity of the printing process in PDMS is assessed by optical coherence tomography, and the conducting polymer structures are demonstrated to be capable of stimulating mouse brain tissue in vitro. Furthermore, the applicability of the approach to printing structures in vivo is demonstrated in live nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans). These results highlight the potential for such additive manufacturing approaches to produce next‐generation advanced material technologies, notably integrated electronics for technical and medical applications (e.g., human‐computer interfaces).
Frequency‐Multiplexed Holographic‐Reflective Coding Metasurface for Independent Controls of Surface Wave and Spatially Propagating Wave
Authors: Zhang Tai Yi , Sun Shi , Gou Yue , Wang Hai Lin , Ma Hui Feng , Cui Tie Jun
Published: March 2023

In recent years, frequency‐multiplexed metasurfaces have received extensive attention due to the increasing demands for device integration and communication capacity. However, most of previously reported works can only manipulate either surface waves (SW) or spatially propagating waves (SPW). In this paper, a frequency‐multiplexed holographic‐reflective‐integration (HRI) coding metasurface is proposed, which can independently manipulate SW and SPW at different frequencies with a shared aperture. To be specific, the metasurface can act as a holographic metasurface to manipulate SW at low frequency and a reflective metasurface to manipulate SPW at high frequency. The performance of the frequency‐multiplexed HRI coding metasurface is validated by matched simulation and measurement results of versatile wavefront and polarization manipulations. Due to the advantages of low profile, high aperture usage, and multifunction integration, the proposed frequency‐multiplexed HRI coding metasurface is promising to be applied in wireless communications, radar detections, and holographic technology.
Three‐Dimensional Laser Writing Aligned Perovskite Quantum Dots in Glass for Polarization‐Sensitive Anti‐Counterfeiting
Authors: Chen Qinpeng , Huang Xiongjian , Yang Dandan , Le Yakun , Pan Qiwen , Li Mingjia , Zhang Hao , Kang Juan , Xiao Xiudi , Qiu Jianrong , Yang Zhongmin , Dong Guoping
Published: March 2023

The pursuit of high‐resolution and advanced anti‐forgery technology has stimulated a growing demand for anti‐counterfeiting and encryption strategies with real‐time response and high security. Polarized patterns taking the advantage of high security, rapid response, simple operation, and great selectivity enable real‐time and non‐invasive detection by monitoring in different polarization directions. Here, a new strategy to design and fabricate the polarized CsPbBr3 quantum dot (QD) line arrays by femtosecond (fs) laser writing in a transparent glass matrix is proposed. The obtained line array structures endow isotropic CsPbBr3 QDs with macroscopic polarized emission with a polarization degree up to 0.189. Through programable design, the authors have created 2D and 3D polarized luminescent patterns made up of vertical and horizontal lines inside the glass for polarization‐sensitive optical anti‐counterfeiting patterns. The CsPbBr3 QD line arrays used in anti‐counterfeiting can be well maintained in the water environment. The successful demonstration of the laser writing CsPbBr3 QD polarization structures in glass highlights the versatility of anti‐counterfeiting and encryption.
Bacterial‐Mediated Tumor Therapy: Old Treatment in a New Context
Authors: Liu Yao , Niu Lili , Li Nannan , Wang Yang , Liu Mingyang , Su Xiaomin , Bao Xuhui , Yin Bo , Shen Shun
Published: March 2023

Targeted therapy and immunotherapy have brought hopes for precision cancer treatment. However, complex physiological barriers and tumor immunosuppression result in poor efficacy, side effects, and resistance to antitumor therapies. Bacteria‐mediated antitumor therapy provides new options to address these challenges. Thanks to their special characteristics, bacteria have excellent ability to destroy tumor cells from the inside and induce innate and adaptive antitumor immune responses. Furthermore, bacterial components, including bacterial vesicles, spores, toxins, metabolites, and other active substances, similarly inherit their unique targeting properties and antitumor capabilities. Bacteria and their accessory products can even be reprogrammed to produce and deliver antitumor agents according to clinical needs. This review first discusses the role of different bacteria in the development of tumorigenesis and the latest advances in bacteria‐based delivery platforms and the existing obstacles for application. Moreover, the prospect and challenges of clinical transformation of engineered bacteria are also summarized.
Genomic Landscape and Potential Regulation of RNA Editing in Drug Resistance
Authors: Zhou Xu , Mitra Ramkrishna , Hou Fei , Zhou Shunheng , Wang Lihong , Jiang Wei
Published: March 2023

Adenosine‐to‐inosine RNA editing critically affects the response of cancer therapies. However, comprehensive identification of drug resistance‐related RNA editing events and systematic understanding of how RNA editing mediates anticancer drug resistance remain unclear. Here, 7157 differential editing sites (DESs) are identified from 98 127 informative RNA editing sites in tumor tissues, many of which are validated in cancer cell lines. Diverse editing patterns of DESs are discovered in resistant samples, which could not be fully explained by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA enzymes. Some RNA‐binding proteins are identified that potentially regulate these editing events. Notably, the DESs are significantly enriched in 3’‐untranslated regions (3’‐UTRs). The impact of DESs in 3’‐UTR on the microRNA (miRNA) regulations is explored, and some triplets (DES, miRNA, and gene) that may contribute to drug resistance are identified. In addition, it is determined that the functions of genes enriched with DESs are associated with drug resistance, such as apoptosis, drug metabolism, and DNA synthesis involved in DNA repair. An online resource (http://www.jianglab.cn/REDR/) to support convenient retrieval of DESs is also built. The findings reveal the landscape and potential regulatory mechanism of RNA editing in drug resistance, providing new therapeutic targets for reversing drug resistance.
Manipulation of Magnetization Switching by Ultrafast Spin‐Polarized Hot‐Electron Transport in Synthetic Antiferromagnet
Authors: Ma Meiyang , Li Zhuoyi , Ruan Xuezhong , Wu Jing , Wang Ruifeng , Liu Tianyu , Du Jun , Lu Xianyang , Xu Yongbing
Published: March 2023

Uncovering the physical mechanisms that govern ultrafast charge and spin dynamics is becoming indispensable both at the fundamental level and to develop future spin‐based electronics. Recently it has been shown that femtosecond pulsed‐laser excitation of magnetic thin films produces intense and ultrafast spin‐polarized hot electrons, thus attracting a lot of attention. While spin‐polarized hot electrons are known to play a pivotal role in the ultrafast laser‐induced demagnetization, their effect on magnetization switching remains an open issue. This study uncovers the effect of spin‐polarized hot electrons generated by laser excitation on magnetization switching in a Co/Pt based perpendicular magnetic anisotropy‐based synthetic antiferromagnet (p‐SAF) using the time‐resolved magneto‐optical Kerr effect. It has been found that, at low pump fluence, the equivalent magnetic field generated by the hot‐electron spin current plays a dominant role in assisting the magnetization switching of the lower layer in the antiferromagnetic configuration, while the strong thermal stability of the Ruderman Kittel Kasuya Yosida exchange interaction inhibits the further weakening of the switching field at high pump fluence. This study provides a viable way to control the magnetization switching of the antiferromagnetically exchange‐coupled systems for spintronic applications with ultrafast control of the information operation.
Vessel dimorphism and wood traits in lianas and trees among three contrasting environments
Authors: Zhang Ke‐Yan , Yang Da , Zhang Yun‐Bing , Liu Qi , Wang Yang‐Si‐Ding , Ke Yan , Xiao Yan , Wang Qin , Dossa Gbadamassi G. O. , Schnitzer Stefan A. , Zhang Jiao‐Lin
Published: March 2023

Premise

Determining how xylem vessel diameters vary among plants and across environments gives insights into different water‐use strategies among species and ultimately their distributions. Here, we tested the vessel dimorphism hypothesis that the simultaneous occurrence of many narrow and a few wide vessels gives lianas an advantage over trees in seasonally dry environments.

Methods

We measured the diameters of 13,958 vessels from 15 liana species and 10,430 vessels from 16 tree species in a tropical seasonal rainforest, savanna, and subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest. We compared differences in mean and hydraulically weighted vessel diameter (MVD and Dh), vessel density (VD), theoretical hydraulic conductivity (Kt), vessel area fraction (VAF), and wood density (WD) between lianas and trees and among three sites.

Results

Nine liana species and four tree species had dimorphic vessels. From the tropical seasonal rainforest to the savanna, liana MVD, Dh and Kt decreased, and VD and WD increased, while only tree WD increased. From the tropical seasonal rainforest to the subtropical forest, six wood traits remained unchanged for lianas, while tree MVD, Dh and Kt decreased and VD increased. Trait space for lianas and trees were more similar in the savanna and more divergent in the subtropical forest compared to the tropical seasonal rainforest.

Conclusions

These results suggest that lianas tend to possess greater vessel dimorphism, which may explain how lianas grow well during seasonal drought, influencing their unique distribution across tropical rainfall gradients.
π‐π Catalysis Made Asymmetric—Enantiomerization Catalysis Mediated by the Chiral π‐System of a Perylene Bisimide Cyclophane
Authors: Weh Manuel , Kroeger Asja A. , Shoyama Kazutaka , Grüne Matthias , Karton Amir , Würthner Frank
Published: March 2023

Enzymes actuate catalysis through a combination of transition state stabilization and ground state destabilization, inducing enantioselectivity through chiral binding sites. Here, we present a supramolecular model system which employs these basic principles to catalyze the enantiomerization of [5]helicene. Catalysis is hereby mediated not through a network of functional groups but through π‐π catalysis exerted from the curved aromatic framework of a chiral perylene bisimide (PBI) cyclophane offering a binding pocket that is intricately complementary with the enantiomerization transition structure. Although transition state stabilization originates simply from dispersion and electrostatic interactions, enantiomerization kinetics are accelerated by a factor of ca. 700 at 295 K. Comparison with the meso‐congener of the catalytically active cyclophane shows that upon configurational inversion in only one PBI moiety the catalytic effect is lost, highlighting the importance of precise transition structure recognition in supramolecular enzyme mimics.
Generalizing treatment effects with incomplete covariates: Identifying assumptions and multiple imputation algorithms
Authors: Mayer Imke , Josse Julie ,   Traumabase Group
Published: March 2023

We focus on the problem of generalizing a causal effect estimated on a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to a target population described by a set of covariates from observational data. Available methods such as inverse propensity sampling weighting are not designed to handle missing values, which are however common in both data sources. In addition to coupling the assumptions for causal effect identifiability and for the missing values mechanism and to defining appropriate estimation strategies, one difficulty is to consider the specific structure of the data with two sources and treatment and outcome only available in the RCT. We propose three multiple imputation strategies to handle missing values when generalizing treatment effects, each handling the multisource structure of the problem differently (separate imputation, joint imputation with fixed effect, joint imputation ignoring source information). As an alternative to multiple imputation, we also propose a direct estimation approach that treats incomplete covariates as semidiscrete variables. The multiple imputation strategies and the latter alternative rely on different sets of assumptions concerning the impact of missing values on identifiability. We discuss these assumptions and assess the methods through an extensive simulation study. This work is motivated by the analysis of a large registry of over 20,000 major trauma patients and an RCT studying the effect of tranexamic acid administration on mortality in major trauma patients admitted to intensive care units. The analysis illustrates how the missing values handling can impact the conclusion about the effect generalized from the RCT to the target population.
Topology of the lateral visual system: The fundus of the superior temporal sulcus and parietal area H connect nonvisual cerebrum to the lateral occipital lobe
Authors: Dadario Nicholas B. , Tanglay Onur , Stafford Jordan F. , Davis Ethan J. , Young Isabella M. , Fonseka R. Dineth , Briggs Robert G. , Yeung Jacky T. , Teo Charles , Sughrue Michael E.
Published: March 2023

Background and Purpose

Mapping the topology of the visual system is critical for understanding how complex cognitive processes like reading can occur. We aim to describe the connectivity of the visual system to understand how the cerebrum accesses visual information in the lateral occipital lobe.

Methods

Using meta‐analytic software focused on task‐based functional MRI studies, an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) of the visual network was created. Regions of interest corresponding to the cortical parcellation scheme previously published under the Human Connectome Project were co‐registered onto the ALE to identify the hub‐like regions of the visual network. Diffusion Spectrum Imaging‐based fiber tractography was performed to determine the structural connectivity of these regions with extraoccipital cortices.

Results

The fundus of the superior temporal sulcus (FST) and parietal area H (PH) were identified as hub‐like regions for the visual network. FST and PH demonstrated several areas of coactivation beyond the occipital lobe and visual network. Furthermore, these parcellations were highly interconnected with other cortical regions throughout extraoccipital cortices related to their nonvisual functional roles. A cortical model demonstrating connections to these hub‐like areas was created.

Conclusions

FST and PH are two hub‐like areas that demonstrate extensive functional coactivation and structural connections to nonvisual cerebrum. Their structural interconnectedness with language cortices along with the abnormal activation of areas commonly located in the temporo‐occipital region in dyslexic individuals suggests possible important roles of FST and PH in the integration of information related to language and reading. Future studies should refine our model by examining the functional roles of these hub areas and their clinical significance.
Real‐world clinical outcomes of the combination of anti‐PD‐1 antibody, trastuzumab, and chemotherapy for HER2‐positive gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancer
Authors: Yang Ju , Shi Zhan , Zhang Xin , Liu Qin , Cui Xiaobin , Li Lin , Liu Baorui , Wei Jia
Published: March 2023

Background

Previous clinical trials indicated the addition of anti‐PD‐1 antibody remarkably improved the efficacy of trastuzumab and chemotherapy in patients with HER2‐positive gastric/gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer. However, no real‐world experiences have been reported yet.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 1212 patients with gastric/GEJ cancer treated at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital between 2019 and 2022. Among 138 patients with HER2‐positive gastric/GEJ cancer, 47 patients receiving at least two doses of the combination regimen with anti‐PD‐1 antibody, trastuzumab, and chemotherapy were recruited in the study population, and 38 out of 47 patients with measurable disease were included in the efficacy population. Progression‐free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and toxicity profiles were reported.

Results

In the study population, 37 (78.7%) received the study therapy as a first‐line treatment. In the efficacy population, the ORR and DCR were 76.3% and 94.7%, respectively. The overall median PFS was 9.1 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.3–11.9 months). For the first‐line treatment, the mPFS was 10 months, and 7 months for the second‐line. Among 14 patients who failed the study treatment, three (21.4%) developed brain metastasis as the first failure site. No significant association was found between PFS and the expression of PD‐L1. 22.2% of patients developed grade 3 treatment‐related adverse events (TRAEs). No treatment‐related grade ≥4 adverse events or deaths occurred.

Conclusion

This real‐world study validated the combination regimen's high efficacy and good tolerance in patients with HER2‐positive gastric/GEJ cancer. An increased incidence of brain metastasis was observed in patients who failed this regimen.
AIRE illuminates the feature of medullary thymic epithelial cells in thymic carcinoma
Authors: Matsumoto Minoru , Ohmura Takuya , Hanibuchi Yuto , Ichimura‐Shimizu Mayuko , Saijo Yasuyo , Ogawa Hirohisa , Miyazawa Ryuichiro , Morimoto Junko , Tsuneyama Koichi , Matsumoto Mitsuru , Oya Takeshi
Published: March 2023

Despite the clear distinction between cortical (cTECs) and medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) in physiology, the cell of origin of thymic carcinomas (TCs) and other thymic epithelial tumors remained enigmatic. We addressed this issue by focusing on AIRE, an mTEC‐specific transcriptional regulator that is required for immunological self‐tolerance. We found that a large proportion of TCs expressed AIRE with typical nuclear dot morphology by immunohistochemistry. AIRE expression in TCs was supported by the RNA‐seq data in the TCGA‐THYM database. Furthermore, our bioinformatics approach to the recent single‐cell RNA‐seq data on human thymi has revealed that TCs hold molecular characteristics of multiple mTEC subpopulations. In contrast, TCs lacked the gene signatures for cTECs. We propose that TCs are tumors derived from mTECs.
How do we shoulder the responsibility of off‐campus safety?
Authors: Miles David
Published: March 2023

By now, everyone knows this unfortunate and tragic story.
Did court dismiss officer's First Amendment claim?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: March 2023

A student at the University of Michigan‐Dearborn reported to the Department of Public Safety that she was sexually assaulted by one of her professors. A security officer with the department allegedly observed a lack of progress with the investigation and began to worry about a cover‐up.
Perceived brand authenticity: Examining the effects of inferred dedication and anticipated quality on consumers' purchase intentions and actual choices
Authors: Rixom Jessica M. , Rixom Brett A.
Published: March 2023

This research investigates both the downstream effect of perceived brand authenticity on consumers' actual, consequential choice and the important role of inferred brand dedication in the relationship between perceived brand authenticity, anticipated quality, and purchase intentions. We also investigate the interactive effect of two source‐related factors—intrinsic motivation and congruity—on consumers' brand authenticity perceptions. We present findings from three studies using different product categories (utilitarian/consumable: hand sanitizer; hedonic/consumable: chocolate; hedonic/non‐consumable: sunglasses). Study 1 shows that consumers use information regarding the intrinsic motivation of those behind the brand and congruity between the brand's actions and what it represents to consumers when forming brand authenticity perceptions and that intrinsic motivation and congruity interact to increase authenticity perceptions. We anticipate that consumers' positivity toward brands perceived as authentic will extend to actual choice through anticipated quality. Study 2 demonstrates that consumers choose authentic brands over inauthentic brands above what chance would dictate and anticipated quality can forecast this choice. Next, we extend our collective process knowledge by exploring an underlying reason why consumers anticipate that brands presented through marketing communications as authentic will have higher quality. We suggest that when managers present brands as authentic, consumers infer greater dedication of those behind the brand and inferred dedication influences anticipated product quality. Study 3 provides support and uncovers a serial mediation process, highlighting the importance of inferred dedication. Specifically, perceived brand authenticity increases consumers' brand dedication inferences, which in turn increases anticipated product quality, and ultimately purchase intentions.
Solid‐Phase Lipase‐CuNPs Biohybrids as Catalysts for One‐Pot Parallel Synthesis of 2,3,4‐Triacetyl‐D‐Gluconic Acid
Authors: Losada‐Garcia Noelia , Urriolabeitia Esteban P. , Palomo Jose M.
Published: March 2023

Solid‐phase lipase/metal nanobiohybrids, generated by growth of copper nanoparticles on enzyme matrixes immobilized on graphene, were used as heterogeneous catalysts with dual‐activity for the regioselective production of 2,3,4‐triacetyl‐D‐gluconic acid from α‐peracetylated‐glucose in a one‐pot parallel process combining a lipase‐mediated regioselective hydrolytic monodeprotection with a metal‐catalyzed oxidation in aqueous media. A novel synthetic strategy, based on the in situ fabrication of Cu nanoparticles induced by lipase molecules specifically immobilized on a multi‐layer graphene material by interfacial adsorption fixing them in the active open conformation, has been described. Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase was firstly used to prepare the functionalized multi‐layer graphene from graphite as a biographene preparation (Biographene, BIOG), support used to successfully immobilize Candida rugosa lipase (CRL). This immobilized form BIOG‐CRL was further used to create successful active bifunctional enzyme‐metal nanoarchitectures. Two different Cu‐lipase hybrids were synthesised, where Cu species and nanoparticles size were different depending on the methodology. Regioselectivity and stability of the hybrids were evaluated successfully in the production of monosaccharide building blocks, besides the robustness of the hybrids in recyclability experiments. These findings highlight the potential of these solid‐phase nanoarchitectures as useful tools in the synthesis of complex glycoderivatives for use in food, medicine, and cosmetics.
Messebericht ACHEMA 2022: Klassieren und Sortieren
Authors: Mütze Thomas
Published: March 2023

Auf der ACHEMA 2022 waren in Frankfurt 25 Anbieter von Klassierer‐, Sortier‐, Recycling‐ oder Aufbereitungsanlagen im engeren Sinne vertreten. Der vorliegende Bericht fasst kurz zusammen, welche Aussteller ihr Portfolio im Bereich der Mechanischen Prozesse vorstellten und was an Neuerungen gezeigt wurde. Schwerpunkte stellten u. a. Plan‐ und Taumelsiebmaschinen sowie Technologien für schnelle Siebbelagswechsel und zum Entfernen von Körnern außerhalb der Produktspezifikation dar.
Prevent youth cannabis use by encouraging health literacy: Expert
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: March 2023

Amelia Arria, Ph.D., has focused her research on the impact of substance use and untreated mental health problems among college students specifically, and more broadly, on adolescents. Speaking at this month's annual leadership meeting of Community Anti‐Drug Coalitions of America (CADCA), Arria, a professor in the school of public health at the University of Maryland, talked about the widespread misperceptions of cannabis among college students.
A Mouse Model of MC903‐Induced Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Alam Md Jahangir , Xie Liang , Yap Yu‐Anne , Robert Remy
Published: March 2023

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing, and extremely pruritic inflammatory skin disease with a particular impact on children. AD pathogenesis is not yet fully understood, and there is no curative treatment for this disease. Therefore, several genetically or chemically‐induced AD mouse models have been developed. These preclinical mouse models are an indispensable research tool for studying AD pathogenesis and evaluating the efficacy of new candidate AD therapeutics. A commonly used mouse model of AD has been developed using the topical application of a low‐calcemic analog of vitamin D3, MC903, to induce AD‐like inflammatory phenotypes that closely resemble human AD. Moreover, this model shows a minimal effect on systemic calcium metabolism that is observed in the vitamin D3‐induced AD model. Thus, an expanding number of studies use the MC903‐induced AD model to interrogate AD pathobiology in vivo and to test new candidate small molecule and monoclonal antibody therapies. This protocol describes in detail functional measurements including the measurement of skin thickness, which is a surrogate marker for ear skin inflammation, as well as itch assessment, histological evaluation to assess the structural changes associated with AD skin inflammation, and preparation of single‐cell suspensions from ear skin and draining lymph nodes for the assessment of inflammatory leukocyte subset infiltration in these tissues using flow cytometry. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: Topical application of MC903 induces AD‐like skin inflammation

Support Protocol 1: Measurement of ear skin thickness

Support Protocol 2: Itch assessment

Support Protocol 3: Dissection of ear skin and ear draining lymph nodes

Support Protocol 4: Histological evaluation and quantification

Support Protocol 5: Preparation of single‐cell suspension from ear skin and draining lymph nodes for the assessment of inflammatory immune cell infiltration using flow cytometry
Role of Biologicals in Enhancing Nutrient Efficiency in Corn and Soybean
Authors: Sible Connor , Below Fred
Published: March 2023

National, state, and regional corn and soybean yields continue to set new production records, and with and these higher yields come a larger nutrient requirement per land area. Improvements in fertilizer use efficiency are needed to sustain high yields while mitigating off‐target nutrient movement. Are biologicals the key? There has been a surge of biological products coming to market with claims to enhance soil nutrient supply and/or improve fertilizer use efficiency. However, not all products are created equal, and each performs in a unique way, resulting in questions of which product types work, where and how they work, and most importantly, what other management practices help realize the full economic benefit of these biological products. Earn 1 CEU in Nutrient Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
The role of individual social responsibility and corporate social responsibility in the tax fraud war: A comparison between the priorities of Italian and Romanian consumers
Authors: Gazzola Patrizia , Paterson Audrey , Amelio Stefano , Grechi Daniele , Cristina Stefano
Published: March 2023

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) and fiscal responsibility have become a hot topic of debate in recent years. Many studies have investigated CSR and tax avoidance; however, such studies have overlooked countries' tax cultures and fiscal responsibility from a historical perspective and have not addressed how these elements affect current tax avoidance practices. Using a questionnaire, that was administered to a sample of Italian and Romanian respondents, and inferential techniques (Mann–Whitney‐test and correlation‐test) the paper tries to understand the aspects that be useful in the future development and implementation of more robust fiscal ISR and CSR processes. Our results reveal similarities and differences between the relevance of certain aspects between countries, identifying tax culture as a distinctive element from a geographical point of view. Despite the considerable differences, we found a strong demand for greater transparency of the company with administrations and communities and desire for the development of initiatives to spread a responsible tax culture.