bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application Analysis of Automated Production Technology Based on Industrial Robots
Authors: Pengcheng Luo
Published: June 2021

With the all-round development of China’s economy and society, the equipment manufacturing industry has shifted from Chinese manufacturing to creation in the past. The domestic production rate of many advanced manufacturing equipment is getting higher and higher, which has made a huge contribution to economic and social development. In recent years, with the rise of industrial robot technology, more and more industrial robots have replaced traditional manual operations, and they have created greater benefits for enterprises with their precision, speed, technology, and efficiency.
Discovering and Analyzing Internet of Things (IoT) Technologies and Applications for Aged Care
Authors: Mu Hongan , Zhang Fang , Xu Chaozhi , Ge Wei , Li Jihong , Yang Feng , Jiang Tao
Published: June 2021

With the increasing aging of the population, the use of the Internet of Things (IoT) is increasing. This research aimed to review the existing IoT literature in aged care. We analyzed IoT using reports for aged care from online stores, so as to discover IoT technologies and applications in aged care. Current research shows that IoT technologies can help elderly people improve their quality of life and they can reduce the pressure on the healthcare system and minimize its operating costs. While previous studies have summarized IoT/wearable applications for geriatric purposes, it is still necessary to review the aged care field. This paper analyzed the IoT/wearable technologies, including a collection of the typical types of devices used in geriatric healthcare. Technology acceptance model (TAM) and familiarity and trust model1 (FTM1) were further conducted on these using reports to value why IoT technologies and applications are accepted. We found IoT applications are ready used in aged care. IoT applications were significant positive advantages for aging population monitoring.
A Study on the Wireless Body Area Network MAC Protocol Using Dynamic Superframe for e-Health IoT
Authors: Su Haoru , Yuan Xiaoming , Tian Rui , Rong Li , Yan Hairong
Published: June 2021

One of the most remarkable applications of the Internet of Things is health monitoring. Wireless body area networks (WBANs) consist of several body sensors implanted in or place on a human body and a coordinator. One of the essential issues of WBANs is the design of Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol to improve system efficiency. In this paper, we modify the IEEE 802.15.4 standard MAC superframe structure and propose an energy-efficient MAC protocol for WBANs in the e-Health Internet of Things (IoT) systems. In this scheme, the time slots are divided into mini-slots. The lengths of the contention access period and the contention free period are both variable. By using this mechanism, the utility of time slots can be considerably increased.
Construction of IoT management system for intelligent monitoring of distribution room
Authors: Ma Wenjie , Wang Yanru , Guo Wenjing , Bao La , She Rui
Published: June 2021

In order to further improve the quality and efficiency of distribution network operation and maintenance work, and support the transformation of distribution network technology to digital, lean, and intelligent, this article proposes an IoT management system for intelligent monitoring of power distribution rooms, as well as a design plan for IoT management platforms and edge IoT agents. It also conducts key research on the environmental information monitoring and perception system of the power distribution room, the power protection and security perception system, and establishes an intelligent and visualized intelligent distribution room to realize the digital transformation and intelligent improvement of the operation and maintenance of the power distribution network. The results are applied in the construction of Zhejiang intelligent distribution room, providing important guidance for the standardized construction of intelligent distribution room in China.
Research on the Influence of User Perceived Overload on Information Avoidance Behavior from the Perspective of Human-Computer Interaction
Authors: Miao Yunting , Shu Xiajun
Published: June 2021

With the development of network informatization, users can obtain a large amount of information in the process of human-computer interaction to provide a basis for self-determination. At the same time, the huge amount of information has also caused users to produce fatigue and negative usage behavior to a certain extent. The study collected 452 valid questionnaires through the questionnaire survey method, and the results showed that users’ perception of information overload and function overload positively affect information avoidance behavior from the perspective of human-computer interaction, while social overload has no significant impact on information avoidance behavior. The research conclusions help to further understand the impact of user perception overload on user information avoidance behavior, and provide enlightenment for information dissemination and function setting in human-computer interaction.
Thermal error compensation method for CNC machine tools based on deep convolution neural network
Authors: Du Liuqing , Lv Faliang , Li Renjie , Li Baochuan
Published: June 2021

To avoid the resetting of temperature-sensitive points caused by seasonal and weather changes and the influence on the accuracy of the thermal error model, a thermal error prediction and compensation method for CNC machine tools without preselected temperature-sensitive points was proposed based on deep learning method. The original temperature data of the CNC machine tool were converted into thermal images and directly serve as the input of the deep learning network. To improve the prediction accuracy of the thermal error model, a thermal error model of CNC machine tool with 10 hidden layers was constructed by using the powerful image feature learning ability of deep convolution network. The nonlinear mapping relationship between temperature image and thermal error without pre-selection of temperature key points was established, and more relationships between thermal error and temperature feature of a machine tool were retained. STM32F4 microprocessor was used as thermal error compensation controller to develop software and hardware system. The application experiment of the thermal error compensation system is carried out on the CNC grinder, and the effectiveness of the thermal error compensation system is verified.
Optimization of Hardware and Software Design for New Artificial Anal Sphincter Low Power System
Authors: Han Ding , Yan Guozheng , Kuang Shuai , Wang Wei , Hua Fangfang , Wang Lichao
Published: June 2021

Most artificial anal sphincters have a large power consumption, which is not suitable to long-term implantation of the system in the human body to help patients with anal incontinence recover. In this article, in order to reduce the system power consumption, both hardware and software optimization design have been considered. For hardware, both motor drive module and sensor module have been optimized for long-term implantation of the system in the human body. On the other side, for software, a low-power system is designed and optimized. According to the relationship between the sampling period and power consumption, the best sampling period is determined. Due to the huge difference in power consumption between the working mode and standby mode of the communication module, a new wake-up mechanism is designed for the communication module, so that the power consumption is further reduced. In the vivo experiments, the results show that the standby time can be up to 13 days when using the optimization system, which is extended significantly compared with the previous artificial anal sphincter.
Fluorine Modification over Activated Carbon Electrodes Enabling Stable 3 V Supercapacitor Operation
Authors: Wu X , Bai Y , Yang C , Li H , Chen W , Han X
Published: June 2021

High-energy-density electrochemical supercapacitors are required by various fields in modern society. Low-temperature plasma technology is used to produce fluorine-containing functional groups on the surface of the activated carbon electrode in CF4 gas. The passivation layer formed by the fluorine element on the electrode surface can effectively prevent the electrode material from reacting with the electrolyte, which leads to the breakdown of the electrolyte during the charging and discharging process of the supercapacitor and the destruction of the electrode material structure. After 12,000 charge-discharge cycles at 3 V, the capacitance retention rate of supercapacitors modified by fluorine for 9 minutes is 91.81%, which is 30.95% higher than that of the control group. In addition, the specific capacitance of the electrode has also increased to a certain extent.
Oil-Infused Slippery Surface on Al Substrates Fabricated by Chemical Etching
Authors: Wang Qiulin , Wu Song , Zhang Haoqun , Sun Jing , Pan Weihao
Published: June 2021

In recent years, the oil-infused slippery surfaces inspired by Nepenthes pitcher have potential applications in domestic and industrial fields due to their excellent water repellence. However, the current preparation methods of the oil-infused slippery surfaces have the disadvantages of time-consuming, expensive equipment and complex processes. In our research, we reported an approach to prepare the oil-infused slippery surface with multi-functional applications by simple chemical etching. First, Al plates were etched by hydrochloric acid solution and modification with lower surface energy. Then, the as-prepared samples were immersed into the lubricant oil. After that, the oil-infused slippery surface with a water slide-off angle of 3° was obtained. The freezing rain tests, chemical stability tests, and self-cleaning tests were conducted on original Al plate and the as-prepared sample. This work will enrich the preparation methods of the oil-infused slippery surfaces.
Modeling and simulation of ammonia hydrogen reactor based on COMSOL
Authors: Yang F , Liang Q C , Qiao R P , He J N
Published: June 2021

In this paper, the optimal experimental conditions for the ammonia thermal cracking reaction with Ni-TiO2-Al2O3 complex as the catalyst were obtained through experimental studies, and the designed ammonia to hydrogen reaction generator was modeled and the parameters of the ammonia thermal cracking reaction were simulated and analyzed by COMSOL Multiphysics software based on the experimental data.

The results show that the reaction is basically completed at the inlet flow rate of 1.5 L/min, the reactor temperature range of 500 °C-750 °C, and the molar fraction of remaining ammonia at the outlet is about 1 wt%, which indicates the feasibility of the model and verifies the accuracy of the experiment in reverse.
3D printing of HAp/xSiO2 ceramic scaffolds for potential bone graft reconstruction
Authors: Zhang Chengyu , Chen Jimin
Published: June 2021

HAp has drawn great attention in recent years for its similarity to the inorganic component of bone and can be used as a biocompatible implant. However, the application is limited for its poor shape ability and low degradation ability. With the help of Digital Light Processing 3D printing technology, this study proposed a method for the fabrication of bone remodeling scaffolds with high complexity. In addition, this study found that the silica addition will help densify the HAp ceramic and make it transform to a more biodegradable TCP phase at low sintering temperature.
A density functional theory study on thermal properties of perfect and defective graphene
Authors: Zou Xue , Liu Tongyu , Li Yingmin , Xu Xiaochen
Published: June 2021

In present work, the graphene with various defects have been investigated by First-principles based on DFT, and the properties are compared to perfect graphene. The calculated results show that the topological structure exhibits the minimum defect formation energy, which will be the easiest defective structure to form. The Perfect graphene, Single-vacancy graphene and Double-vacancy graphene exhibit metallicity, but the electrical conductivity of Perfect graphene is not as good as vacancy defective graphene. The Topology graphene is semiconductor. Single-vacancy defect emerging in graphene will pin the C atoms along with the vacancy. The C atoms closest to vacancy is easy to loosen in Double-vacancy graphene. The Topology graphene is comparatively stable in defective graphene.
Modeling and simulation of solid oxide fuel cell under different environmental conditions
Authors: Junneng HE , Runpeng Qiao , Qianchao Liang , Fan Yang
Published: June 2021

This article firstly based on Matlab/Simulink software to model and simulate the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), obtain the SOFC volt-ampere characteristic curve, and verify the correctness of the model; secondly, according to the existing 1KW SOFC in the laboratory, the stack has determined the initial parameters of the simulation, simulated the effects of the air inlet pressure and the nitrogen-oxygen ratio on the SOFC output voltage and electrical efficiency, and compared the analysis with the fuel inlet pressure. Finally, the conclusion is drawn: air inlet the increase in pressure can significantly increase the output voltage and electrical efficiency of the stack, and the increase in the oxygen content of the cathode intake increases the output power of the stack.
New method to prepare corona resistant polyimide composite film
Authors: Zhang Mingyu , Wang Ya , Jiang Hulin
Published: June 2021

Polyimide composite materials have gained considerable importance as high-performance polymers and matrices. These materials are used in microelectronic and electrical industries because of their excellent heat resistance, good chemical stability, and low thermal expansion. Polyimide films are mainly prepared by the flow casting method. Polyimide films are produced via dip coating method, and ion exchange method based on the surface of the polyimide can be etched and modified. The advantages and disadvantages of the existing production process of polyimide film were summarized. A new type of corona resistant polyimide composite film with a certain thickness of pure polyimide layer in the middle and a certain thickness of polyimide/alumina hybrid layer on the upper and lower surfaces is proposed aiming at the preparation of high-performance corona resistant polyimide composite film.
Study on laser cladding process parameters of Fe-based alloy based on numerical simulation
Authors: Geng Ximing
Published: June 2021

Using 45 steel as the substrate, laser cladding Fe-based alloy powder on the surface was proposed to improve the surface wear resistance and hardness, and partially replace the cold working die steel in the small batch production stage. ANSYS Workbench was used to simulate the heat transfer and temperature field distribution in the laser cladding process of iron base alloy. The thermal properties of the substrate and the cladding material were set up, and the finite element model was established by Gaussian heat source. The temperature field under different laser cladding process parameters was simulated to obtain the temperature distribution of molten pool. According to the metallurgical bonding between the substrate and the coating, and taking the dilution rate of the cladding layer as the basis of quality evaluation, the optimal process parameter combination of laser cladding Fe-based alloy powder of 45 steel substrate is determined as follows: laser power 1400W, scanning speed 8mm/s, spot diameter 3mm. The results provide technical data support for the engineering application of laser cladding of Fe-base alloy on 45 steel substrate.
Detectable anthropogenic changes in daily-scale circulations driving summer rainfall shifts over eastern China
Authors: Zhou Baiquan , Zhai Panmao , Tett Simon F B , Lott Fraser C
Published: June 2021

Wetting in the south while drying in the north during the last few decades constitutes the well-known ‘southern flood–northern drought’ (SFND) precipitation pattern over eastern China. The fingerprint of anthropogenic influence on this dipole pattern of regional precipitation trends has not been confirmed, especially for forced changes in relevant dynamics at the synoptic scale. Using a process-based approach involving model experiments both with and without anthropogenic inputs, it is demonstrated that the occurrences of daily circulation patterns (CPs) governing precipitation over eastern China during 1961–2013 have been altered by human influence. Due to anthropogenic forcing, CPs favoring SFND have become more likely to occur at the expense of CPs unfavorable to SFND. Regression analysis shows that changes recorded in the occurrence of CPs from the factual simulations could explain a large part of the precipitation trends over eastern China. CP frequencies driven by purely natural forcing do not reproduce this dipole pattern nor the inferred magnitude of precipitation trends over eastern China. These results suggest that human influence has played a critical role in shaping the contrasting north–south precipitation trends.
Microbial bioaugmentation from feces of laying hens in biogas formation on anaerobic coal media
Authors: Harlia E , Rahmah K N , Nora L , Nababan J A , Hidayati Y A , Marlina E T , Ridwan R
Published: June 2021

The laying hen livestock industry is growing rapidly, along with the increasing demand for eggs for human consumption, produces large amounts of waste. Improper management of laying hens farm waste can interfere with health and environmental pollution, including greenhouse gases (CH4, CO2, N2O), odor disorders, disturbances from rodent animals, disturbances of endoparasites and ectoparasites, pollution of water and soil sources. Waste management that is correct can reduce the risk of pollution of the laying hen’s industry to the environment by utilizing the feces of laying hens as a source of the microbial consortium that serves as a starter for biogas formation in anaerobic digester as an environmentally friendly alternative energy source. This study aimed to obtain a bacterial and methanogen consortium from feces of laying hens as a starter for biogas formation with coal media in the anaerobic digester. The study used an experimental method of completely randomized design (CRD) with four inoculum doses with four replicates, further tests of orthogonal polynomials. The study was conducted in two stages: the first stage was pretreatment through in-vitro techniques and adaptation process, and the second stage is the addition of the starter of microbial consortium from feces of the laying feces (bioaugmentation) into liquid media and coal at a dose of 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% incubated at 39oC for 28 days. Observations were conducted every seven days from day 0, day 7, day 14, day 21, and day 28. The parameters measured were the volume of biogas, the number of anaerobic bacteria, and the composition of biogas. This biogas composition was analyzed by Gas Chromatography, the number of anaerobic bacteria planted in Hungate tubes, and calculated using the Ogimoto method. The observations showed that the number of bacteria ranging from 1012 CFU/ml up to 1013 CFU/ml exceeded the starter requirements of 107 CFU/ml, which indicated that the microbial consortium obtained met the requirement.
Characteristics of wood pellet from sawdust pelletized with the hand meat grinder
Authors: Wahyudi  , Arifudin M , Annakotapary DIM , Sariningsih NI
Published: June 2021

Sawdust of three wood species, Merbau (Intsia sp.), Matoa (Pometia sp.), and Binuang (Octomeles sumatrana), are manufactured into wood pellet using hand meat grinder as pelletizer and tapioca flour and sago pulp residue used for binding agents. Sawdust and sago pulp residue were homogenized with a hammermill to obtain 60 mesh powder sizes. Concentrations of binding agents ranging from 30 - 70% based on volume/weight were employed. Hot clean water was used for mixing wood powder and the binding agents by hands. Variables of wood pellets examined are diameter and length (cm), moisture content (%), density (g/cm3), ash and volatile content (%), fixed carbon (%), and caloric value (cal./g) according to SNI 8021: 2014. The results indicate that the wood dimension for a diameter of 0.45 cm and a length of 3.78 cm on average are matched the standard. Wood pellets have an average of moisture content 16.87%, higher than the standard of 12%. Means for density and ash content are 0.8 g/cm3 and 1.54% respectively, corresponding to the standard. An average for caloric values of 4064 cal./g is exceeded the minimum value of 4000 cal./g. However, other characteristics for the volatile matter of 74% and fixed carbon of 7.19% are below the minimum recommended value that needs to be improved for the next manufacturing.
Understanding gas prices: an overview of regulations and components affecting the Indonesian natural gas prices
Authors: Iswandi E , Supriyadi I , Thamrin S
Published: June 2021

Natural gas is the primary commodity of Indonesia’s energy supply and an important policy issue. Domestic gas demand is dominated by the industrial, power sector, and fertilizer. Over the past five years, Indonesia’s natural gas prices have increased significantly, which will undoubtedly affect the consumers. We summarized and analyzed policy, literature, and interviews with stakeholders to find the main factors of gas prices. This study concluded that the government has a more dominant role in determining gas prices. The increase in gas prices was mainly influenced by the upstream project’s economics, the tariff for transmission, and managing natural gas infrastructure. The application of indexation with ICP and the escalation price also contributed to the high price. The Government needs to consider gas price adjustments carefully because these commodities have a multiplier effect and affect industry competitiveness.
A feasibility study of flare gas utilization through a small-scale LNG development in South Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Putriastuti M A C , Yusgiantoro F C , Haryanto  , Margenta I DM R
Published: June 2021

This study focused on assessing the economic feasibility of Small-Scale LNG (SSLNG) development from a flare gas in South Sumatra, Indonesia. The study measured profitability using three financial indicators: internal rate of return (IRR), net present value (NPV), and payback period (PP). The study also used sensitivity analysis to find selected variables that are strongly correlated with the economic aspects of SSLNG production. The variables consist of (1) Average flare gas production; (2) Flare gas price; (3) LNG selling price; (4) CAPEX; and (5) OPEX. The study also used those variables to find the optimum result with scenario analysis. The results show that the SSLNG development from a flare gas is economically feasible if three variables: LNG selling price, CAPEX, and flare gas price follow the optimum scenario.
Association of the OLR1 Gene of the 3’UTR g.8232(A/C) genotypes on milk fatty acid components in Holstein Friesian
Authors: Anggraeni A , Nadapdap Y P , Asmarasari S A , Praharani L , Hafid A , Ishak A B L
Published: June 2021

Dairy cattle produce milk with a high proportion of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), instead of a low proportion of poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (OLR1) gene plays a key role in reducing oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) involved in injury, dysfunction, and inactivation of endothelial cells. Association of the OLR1 gene in the 3’UTR of the g.8232(A/C) genotypes on 21 types of the milk fatty acids of Holstein Friesian (HF) cows were analysed kept at a breeding station in Central Java. Genotyping was analyzed by PCR-RFLP method using Pst1 restriction enzyme. Genotypic data were calculated for allele frequency, genotype frequency, and heterozygosity values. Effects of genotypes on individual fatty acid components were analyzed by General Linier Model. Genotyping resulted in three genotypes of AA, AC and CC with the frequenciest successively 0.275, 0.525, and 0.200; and two alleles for A (0.463) and C (0.538). Genotypes affected medium-chain SFAs for Myristic (C14:0) and long-chain for Palmitic (C16:0) and Stearic (C18:0). The AA genotype generated the lowest levels of myristic and stearic, instead of the highest content of palmitic. Further the AA genotype resulted in the highest level of Oleic (C18:1) of MUFA. Therefore the OLR1 gene of the 3’UTR g.8232 (A>C) SNP is possible considered as a molecular-based selection in reducing SFAs (myristic and stearic) and increasing MUFA (Oleic) in domestic HF cattle.
Coat cover characteristics of sheep in North Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Tiesnamurti B , Anwar  , Destomo A , Febresiana A
Published: June 2021

The study was conducted to investigate the coat cover characteristics of sheep kept by farmers in several districts in North Sumatera , as a sign of adaptability to the local environment. A total of 190 sheep (local and introduced) of both sexes and different age (10–14) were used for the study from 5 districts of Deli Serdang, Labuan Batu Utara, Asahan, Serdang Berdagai and Batubara in North Sumatera. The data were analysed using general linear model with the independent variables was location of the study, farmers involve in the study, breed of sheep, sex, age and the dependent variables were body weight and coat quality. The study showed that the average coat color of the sheep in the study was mostly white (95.7%). Most of the sheep have solid coat cover (61.1%) and small percentage with patches (30%) and spotted (8.9%). The average body weight of the sheep was 23.2 kg with significant effect (P<0.05) of districts, farmers, sex, age and wool density. The average of product between coat cover and coat density was 14.1 with significant effect (P<0.05) of districts, farmers and age of sheep. Therefore it can be concluded that sheep in this study mostly has white coat color, with area cover approximately of 4.2 and coarse quality of wool with average score of 3.1.
Detection of growth hormone (GH|MspI,GHR|AluI, Pit1|HinfI) genes polymorphism and its association with body weight of Grati-Bali Cattle (Bos sondaicus)
Authors: Hartati  , Luthfi M , Ratnawati D , Soewandi B D P
Published: June 2021

Bali cattle is the only native Indonesian cattle that still exist and well developed. Bali cattle are known to have adaptability and a higher percentage of carcasses than other local cattle. Molecular selection related to growth traits can be done by exploration of growth hormone genes in the population of Bali cattle. This study aims to detect the level of polymorphism of GH, GHR and Pit1 genes and their association with the body weight of Grati-Bali cattle as a first step to produce a MAS (marker assisted selection). A total of 171 DNA samples Grati-Bali cattle were collected from the Beef Cattle Research Station experiment cages and its body weight data of 2014-2018 include birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW) and yearling weight (YW). Blood samples were isolated using a zymo extraction kit. Detection of the diversity of growth hormone genes (GH, GHR and Pit1) using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method with MspI, AluI, HinfI restriction enzymes. Data analysis used Chi-Square test for genotype, allele frequencies and Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE). Association analysis used the GLM model. The results showed that the average BW, WW and YW of Grati- Bali cattle in the study were 13.3±0.3 kg, 73.7±2.4 kg and 121.3±4.2 kg, respectively and there was no statistical difference in body weight for male and female calves. The analysis showed that GH and Pit1 genes were detected by 1 genotypes respectively, each with an allele frequency > 99% and monomorphic. GHR gene was detected 3 genotypes namely AA, AG, GG, with allele frequencies A were 0.579 and G were 0.421. The GHR gene PIC value was in the moderate category. It was concluded that the GHR|AluI gene in Bali cattle is polymorphic but has not been significantly associated with the body weight of Grati-Bali cattle.
Cytochrome B (Cyt B) mtDNA genetic diversity of the second filial (F2) of Banteng Bali cross in UPT-PTHPT Pucak, South Sulawesi Indonesia
Authors: Rahim L , Bugiwati S R A , Adhianto A E , Dagong M I A , Saking N , Pasino S , Arifin M
Published: June 2021

Bali cattle are native to Indonesia and are the result of domestication from Banteng, (Bos banteng). The cytochrome B gene is widely used in systematic studies to solve differences at many taxonomic levels and has been considered as one of the genes used in phylogenetic action. Cytochrome B is also very useful for comparing species in the same genus or the same family. Genetic characterization tests were carried out to identify the characteristics of mtDNA specific identifiers of Bali cattle with Banteng Bali cross (F2). The edited nucleotide sequences are then aligned using the Clustal W program contained in the MEGA 6 software. Construction of the phylogeny tree is carried out using the MEGA 6 program based on p-distance values. Phylogeny tree construction uses bootstrap UPGMA method with 1000 replication. Based on genetic distance analysis, it shows that Bali cattle and Banteng Bali cross (F2) with Bos javanicus have a genetic distance that is relatively the same as the genetic distance value (0.000–0.001) but has a great genetic distance with the Bos taurus, Bos indicus and Bubalus bubalis with genetic distance values ( 0.050–0.094). This shows that in cytochrome B, Bali cattle and Banteng Bali cross F2 have identical genetic distances. Based on the UPGMA tree phylogeny method, the results show that the kinship group 1 (Bali cattle (CBB3 and CBB7), Banteng Bali cross (F2) (CBC1, CBC7, CBC8, and CBC9) with Bos javanicus) and group 2 (Bali cattle (CBB2, CBB4, CBB8, CBB9) and Banteng Bali cross (F2) CBC10) are in the same branch showing that the results are relatively similar and have a close kinship. It can be concluded that the characteristics of mtDNA cytochrome B in Bali cattle and Banteng Bali cross F2 were relatively the same and both have a very close relationship.
Identification and association of polymorphism in THOC5 gene with fatty acid composition in Indonesian sheep
Authors: Listyarini K , Sumantri C , Rahayu S , Uddin M J , Gunawan A
Published: June 2021

THO Complex 5 (THOC5) gene involves in lipid and fatty acid metabolism. The aim of this study was to analyse polymorphism of THOC5 gene and its association with fatty acid composition in sheep. A total of 120 rams at the age 12 month with the average body weight of 25–30 kg was used for identification of gene polymorphism using Polymerase Chain Reaction- Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). 83 rams, representative from different genotypes of sheep were used for association study using a General Linear Model (GLM). The results identifed polymorphism in the THOC5 gene. The THOC5 gene showed two genotypes: CC and CT genotype. Association analysis revealed that THOC5 (g.68234589 C>T) was significantly (P<0.05) associated with fatty acid composition including unsaturated fatty acid: palmitoleic acid (C16:1), and saturated fatty acid: stearic acid (C18:0). The CC genotype was associated with higher level of unsaturated fatty acid and lower level of saturated fatty acid, while the CT genotype was vice versa. This result indicates that THOC5 gene (g.68234589 C>T) may contribute to fatty acid composition in sheep, as well as this polymorphism could be used as a candidate to select sheepmeat with high unsaturated fatty acid and low saturated fatty acid.
Characteristics of cattle production around teak forest in Bojonegoro, East Java
Authors: Komarudin  , Romjali E , Hadiatry MC , Nugroho E
Published: June 2021

East Java has a large number of cattle and also a wide area of teak forest. It is believed that the existence of teak forest influences cattle production by smallholders. The objective of the study was to get insight into characteristics of cattle production which are kept by smallholders who living near to teak forests. We interviewed 33 and 27 respondents in Napis and Windu hamlets, Bojonegoro Regency, East Java. The cattle production system was still traditional in the study area. The average herd size was 2.07±0.9 head per household with breeding as the most production type (80%). Peranakan Ongole (PO) cattle were the common cattle breed kept by respondents (90%) with about 86.7% of cattle were their ownership. Cut and carry system was the common feeding practice. Forest land is the major source of fodder. The teak forest also provided land for crop production for respondents. Artificial insemination was started used by cattle smallholders to mate their cattle since rarely bull kept by farmers. Saving was the common motivation of smallholders to keep cattle. Government programs to improve cattle reproduction performance are strongly needed.
Effects of saponin on enteric methane emission and nutrient digestibility of ruminants: An in vivo meta-analysis
Authors: Ridla M , Laconi E B , Nahrowi  , Jayanegara A
Published: June 2021

Although saponin originated from plants has been used to control methanogenesis performed by archaea methanogens in the rumen, its effect has been inconsistent. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary saponin on enteric methane emission and nutrient digestibility of ruminants across various studies by employing a meta-analysis method. A database was developed by integrating data from 17 studies that originated from 11 articles. Different ruminant species, i.e., both small and large ruminants were included in the database. Data on related in vitro studies were excluded. Papers should be based on in vivo studies only that simultaneously reported dietary saponin and methane emission. Treatments were divided into control (no saponin), low saponin (saponin level less than 0.5% DM) and high saponin (saponin level above 0.5% DM). The treatments were considered as fixed effects whereas various studies were considered as random effects in the statistical mixed model methodology. Results showed that dietary saponin decreased enteric methane emission of ruminants as compared to control (P<0.05), and this was true for both low and high levels of saponin. Interestingly, low level of dietary saponin increased dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, neutral detergent fiber digestibility and acid detergent fiber digestibility in comparison to control (P<0.05). However, saponin at high administration level reduced these nutrient digestibility than that of control (P<0.05). In conclusion, saponin is effective to mitigate enteric methane emission from ruminants in vivo and enhances nutrient digestibility provided that the level use should not exceed 0.5% DM.
Effectiveness of using local ingredients ration to increase KUB chicken productivity in the grower period
Authors: Prasetyo A , Prabowo A , Sudrajad P , Hayati R N
Published: June 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of feeding local ingredients to 315 Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan (KUB) chickens, to determine whether this method can increase feed efficiency and productivity. The study used an experimental method using a randomized block design (RBD) consisting of 3 treatments and 7 replications (breeders). Each breeder was assigned 45 chickens, which were maintained until the age of 10 weeks. The treatments tested were P1 = specific feed of breeder (breeder pattern); P2 = feed containing bran (23%), corn (10%), fish meal (11.5%), oil palm cake (24%), BR-1 concentrate (30%), moringa leaf powder (1%) and mineral mix (0.5%); P3 = feed containing bran (25%) and BR-1 concentrate (75%). The observed parameters were feed consumption, final weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency and Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC). Statistical analysis was carried out on the results using an ANOVA test. When a significant difference was found, it was followed up by a TTukey test with a significant degree a = 0.05, which aimed to find out the difference in the mean between the treatment groups. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the weight gain of KUB chickens overtime during the 10 week study period. This was significantly affected (P<0.05) by feed treatment. The Feed Conversion Ratio was also significantly affected (P<0.05) by the feed treatment. Furthermore, there was significance in IOFC between feed treatments, P3 IOFC (IDR 31,261), P2 (IDR 27,068) and P1 (IDR 25,877). Lastly, there was no significance in FCR between treatments of P1 and P2, whereas there was significance between P3 when compared to P1 and P2.
Fermented palm kernel meal by different fungi in broiler diets
Authors: Sundu B , Adjis A , Sarjuni S , Mozin S , Hatta U
Published: June 2021

The low quality of palm kernel meal (PKM) is due to the presence of high fibrous fraction. Fermentation of a low-quality feedstuff by using fungi could improve its quality. An experiment was done to determine the effect of fungi fermented palm kernel meal on the performance of broilers. Palm kernel meal was fermented by different fungi (Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride and Pleorotus ostreatus). The study used 200-day-old chicks and the chicks were randomly placed in brooder cages. The broilers were fed with starter and grower diets from days 1 to 21 and days 21 to 42 respectively. Feed and water were provided ad-libitum. The treatments diets were R1: basal diet (0% PKM), R2: (10% PKM), R3: 10% Aspergillus niger fermented PKM, R4: 10% Pleorotus ostreatus fermented PKM, R5: 10% Trichoderma viride fermented PKM, R6: 20% PKM, R7: 20% Aspergillus niger fermented PKM, R8: 20% Pleorotus ostreatus fermented PKM, R9: 20% Trichoderma viride fermented PKM. A completely randomized design was used in this study. Data were analyzed by the analysis of variance. The inclusion of 20% PKM in the diet decreased body weight gain and feed intake. Supplementation of the diets with 20% fungi fermented PKM could maintain body weight gain to the same level of those birds fed the basal diets. The percentage of gizzard weight was higher in birds fed the basal diet than the other treatment birds. In conclusion, fermentation of PKM with Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride and Pleorotus ostreatus could improve its quality. The performance of broilers fed the 20% PKM could be maintained provided.
Bauhinia purpurea L. leaves meal as goat feed
Authors: Tasse A M , Kurniawan W
Published: June 2021

Legume tree forages are generally a source of better feed quality, as a supplement to increase the productivity of ruminant that fed low-quality feed, especially during the dry season. Butterfly leaves (Bauhinia purpurea L.) is a leguminous tree with potential as a fodder source in the dry season because its leaves contain more crude protein than white kabesak Acacia leucophoela Roxb. Legume trees may complement a grass-based diet by providing protein during the dry season. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of Bauhinia purpurea L. leaves meal in complete feed on daily dry matter intake, dry matter digestibility, and average daily body weight gain of goats. The experiment design was a completely randomized block design with 4-four treatments and 4-four groups, using 16 local male goats aged 1–1.5 years and weighed 12.5±0.8 kg. Treatments consisted of four complete feeds containing different levels of Bauhinia purpurea leaves meal (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%, respectively) in concentrate. Feeds were set up to 9.90±0.5% CP and 69.76±0.5% TDN. Analysis of data utilizes an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results showed that 5– 10% Bauhinia purpurea L. leaves meal in concentrate has no significant effect on daily dry matter intake but significantly decreased dry matter digestibility and increased average daily body weight gain. It can be concluded that Bauhinia purpurea L. leaves meal has the potential to be goat feed.
Effect of a mix essential oil of Pinus merkusii (Jungh. and de Vriese) and Melaleuca leucadendra (L.) on ruminal nutrient digestibility
Authors: Cholisa I N , Kurniawati A , Muhlisin
Published: June 2021

This research was aimed to observe the effect of mix essential oil at different doses on nutrient digestibility in the in vitro rumen fermentation. Mix essential oil consisted of pine (Pinus merkusii (Jungh. and de Vriese)) and eucalyptus (Melaleuca leucadendra (L)) essential oil in ratio of 1:1. The doses of mix essential oils added were 0, 100 and 200 μL/L of fermentation media. Feed material included elephant grass, rice bran and pollard in ratio of 60:20:20 dry matter were used as fermentation substrate. Fermentation was conducted at 39°C for 24h. Data collected included dry matter (DMD), organic matter (OMD), crude protein (CPD) and crude fibre digestibility (CFD). Results showed that the addition of mix essential oil at the level of 100 μL/L increased DMD (P<0.05), without an effect on OMD, CPD, and CFD. Furthermore, the addition of mix essential oil at the level of 200 μL/L reduced OMD and CPD (P<0.05) and did not affect DMD and CFD. In conclusion, combination of pine (Pinus merkusii (Jungh. and de Vriese)) and eucalyptus (Melaleuca leucadendra (L)) essential oil in ratio of 1:1 improve the effect of both essential oils particularly at doses 100 μL/L hence this mix essential oil potential to be used as feed additive.
The feed consumption of Deer (Axis axis) fed three difference type of feedstuffs
Authors: Ismartoyo  , Asriany A , Syahriany  , Islamiyati R , Fitrawati
Published: June 2021

Spotted deer (Axis axis) is one of the animals that are currently being developed as source of animal protein for people in Indonesia. A spotted deer breeding center can be successfully developed by providing feed with a good quality and having enough nutrient. The main purpose of this study was to determine the feed organic matter consumption of a group of 36 deer fed carrot, feed concentrate, and elephant grass. Feeding of the three feedstuffs was carried out for three weeks with different feedstuffs each week. In the first week of experiment, a group of 36 deer was given carrot (Diet-1), the second week the deer was given feed concentrate (Diet-2), and the third week the deer was given elephant grass (Diet-3). Water was freely available to the deer every day. The consumption of feed organic matter and the feed palatability were measured 5 days each week, then the deer was given 2 days’ adaption period for new feed. Data of organic matter consumption of feed the analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (Anova). The results showed that the organic matter feed consumption was significantly difference (p<0.05) between those of the three difference feedstuffs. Those 21 deer consumed organic matter of carrot 12kg/day, feed concentrate 13kg/day, and elephant grass 4kg/day, respectively. A similar trial was conducted to a group of 9 deer, and the results of this trial just confirmed the results of the previous experiment. It was concluded that the different of organic matter consumption of the three feedstuffs may be due to difference of the palatability of the feedstuffs.
The relative weight of internal organs and digestive tract in native chickens age 12 weeks that are given various levels of BSF larvae meal (Hermetia illucens L) in the ration
Authors: Auza F A , Purwanti S , Syamsu J A , Natsir A
Published: June 2021

The feed consumed is one factor that influences the development and anatomy of the internal organs and the digestive tract. This study was conducted to determine the effect of BSF larvae meal on the ratio of internal organ weight in native chickens. According to a completely randomized design, one hundred and forty one-day-old chicken (DOC) were randomly assigned to one of five treatments with four replications for each treatment. The treatment were: P0 = basal ration + 15% fish meal + 0% BSF larvae meal, P1 = basal ration + 11.25% fish meal + 3.75% BSF larvae meal , P2 = basal ration + fish meal 7.5 % + 7.5% BSF larvae meal , P3 = basal ration + 3.75% fish meal + 11.25% BSF larvae meal , P4 = basal ration + 0% fish meal + 15% BSF larvae meal . The results showed that P3 (3.75% fish meal + 11.25% BSF larvae) had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the percentage of heart weight and the percentage of the small intestine weight. Also, the treatment tends to increase the percentage of caecum weight. However, the treatment did not affect the liver, gizzard, pancreas, spleen, and colon weight. In conclusion, the use of BSF larvae meal does not negatively affect the internal organs and digestive tract of native chickens.
The effect of Curcuma zedoaria on feed efficiency of Kampung Super chicken
Authors: Widodo W , Rahayu I D , Sutanto A , Anggraini A D , Handayani T
Published: June 2021

The purpose was to analyze the effect of curcuma zedoaria on feed efficiency of Kampung Super chicken and to explore the best level of curcuma zedoaria addition in the feed. This research was conducted for 57 days in UMM closed house with battery cage system. The material was 100 day old chick (DOC) of Kampung Super chicken. Experimental method was used in this research by completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were (TO) feed control without Curcuma zedoaria, (T1): feed with 1% Curcuma zedoaria (T2): feed with 2% Curcuma zedoaria (T3): feed with 3% Curcuma zedoaria. Variables observed were feed efficiency, income over feed cost (IOFC), carcass and abdominal fat percentage. The data were analyzed by ANOVA. Conclusions from the results of the research were that Curcuma zedoaria had no significant effect on feed efficiency and percentage of carcass weight, but Curcuma zedoaria had a significant effect on IOFC and the percentage of abdominal fat weight in the Kampung Super chicken. The highest treatment was Curcuma zedoaria 0% for IOFC while treatment of Curcuma zedoaria 1% produces the lowest percentage of abdominal fat weight.
The effect of fish meal protein substitution with Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larva meal protein in quail feed on the chemical quality of eggs
Authors: Suparman  , Purwanti S , Nahariah N
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fish meal protein substitution with BSF larvae meal protein on the chemical quality of quail eggs. This study used 120 female quails aged 6 weeks and maintained for 7 weeks. This research method uses an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD). In this study using BSF larvae meal consisting of 4 different treatments with 5 replications in the treatment. namely P0: rations without the addition of BSF larvae meal; P1: 3.18% BSF larvae meal (1.70% crude protein BSF larvae meal); P2: 6.37% BSF larvae meal (3.41% crude protein BSF larvae meal); P3: 9.56% BSF larvae meal (5.12% crude protein BSF larvae meal). The variable observed was the chemical quality of quail eggs. The results of the study showed that the treatment was significantly different (P<0.05) on egg fat and cholesterol levels. However, the treatment was not significantly different (P>0.05) on egg protein content. Substitution of fish meal protein with BSF larvae protein meal at a level of 6.37% can reduce the percentage of total egg cholesterol content.