bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Informal processing of electronic waste at Agbogbloshie, Ghana: workers’ knowledge about associated health hazards and alternative livelihoods
Authors: Yu Emily A. , Akormedi Matthew , Asampong Emmanuel , Meyer Christian G. , Fobil Julius N.
Published: June 2016

Aims:

This study was conducted to investigate the electronic waste workers’ knowledge about the potential health hazards associated with their work as well as the livelihood alternatives that they would prefer if they were given the opportunity.

Methods:

A qualitative cross-sectional study was conducted to gather empirical information on e-waste workers’ knowledge about the potential hazards associated with their work and the livelihood alternatives to e-waste recycling with a sample consisting of twenty all-male electronic waste workers at the Agbogbloshie scrap metal yard in Accra, Ghana.

Results:

Electronic waste workers at Agbogbloshie were found to be exposed to a variety of injuries and illnesses. The workers’ knowledge of the association between their health status and their work was generally poor. Apart from the physical injuries, they did not believe their work played any negative role in their health conditions. They preferred occupations such as farming or professional driving located in the northern region of Ghana to be closer to their families.

Conclusions:

The study concludes that the low knowledge level of the workers on the hazards that are associated with their work has implications for them accepting technologies to protect them and the natural environment from contamination. It is therefore imperative for any intervention to consider the current low level of knowledge and actively educate the workers to raise their awareness level, taking into account the provision of opportunities for workers to acquire applicable skills for future employment in other fields.
Embodying Power
Authors: Garrison Katie E. , Tang David , Schmeichel Brandon J.
Published: June 2016

Adopting expansive (vs. contractive) body postures may influence psychological states associated with power. The current experiment sought to replicate and extend research on the power pose effect by adding another manipulation that embodies power—eye gaze. Participants ( N = 305) adopted expansive (high power) or contractive (low power) poses while gazing ahead (i.e., dominantly) or down at the ground (i.e., submissively). Afterward, participants played a hypothetical ultimatum game, made a gambling decision, and reported how powerful and in charge they felt. Neither body posture nor eye gaze influenced the gambling decision, and contrary to the predictions, adopting an expansive pose reduced feelings of power. We also found that holding a direct gaze increased the probability of rejecting a low offer on the ultimatum game. We consider why power posing did not have the predicted effects.
Occurrences of kaolin in Koutaba (west Cameroon): Mineralogical and physicochemical characterization for use in ceramic products
Authors: Nkalih Mefire A. , Njoya A. , Yongue Fouateu R. , Mache J.R. , Tapon N.A. , Nzeukou Nzeugang A. , Melo Chinje U. , Pilate P. , Flament P. , Siniapkine S. , Ngono A. , Fagel N.
Published: June 2016

Thirty clay samples collected from three hills in Koutaba (west Cameroon) were characterized in order to evaluate their potential use as raw materials for ceramics. After preliminary mineralogical identification by X-ray diffraction, three representative samples from the three different hills, referred to hereafter as K1M, K2M and K3M, were selected for further investigation by X-ray fluorescence, plasticity, granularity and thermogravimetric analysis. The main clay minerals are kaolinite (32–51%) and illite (up to 12%). Additional major phases are quartz (32–52%), goethite (6–7%) and feldspars (0–4%). The chemical composition showed variable amounts of SiO2(60–72%), Al2O3(15–20%) and Fe2O3(1–9%), in accordance with the quartz abundance in all of the samples studied. The particle-size distribution showed a large proportion of silty fraction (64–88%) with moderate sandy (9–19%) and clayey fractions ( < 5% for K2M, 12% for K1M and 20% for K3M). All of the clays showed moderate plasticity-index values (8–11%). Because of these characteristics, K1M and K3M may be suitable for use in common bricks and hollow ceramic products. Sieving or the addition of ball clays is recommended to increase the plasticity of sample K2M for use in common bricks.
A study on tectonic and sedimentary development in the rifted northern continental margin of the South China Sea near Taiwan
Authors: Liao Wei-Zhi , Lin Andrew T. , Liu Char-Shine , Oung Jung-Nan , Wang Yunshuen
Published: June 2016

A series of Cenozoic rifted basins developed in the northern margin of the South China Sea (SCS). Tainan Basin is one of these rifted basins near Taiwan, lying in the outer margin. We have used reflection seismic data in the deepwater areas and boreholes drilled in the shelf of the Tainan Basin to understand the tectonic and sedimentary development in the northern SCS margin near Taiwan. Four key stratal surfaces (i.e., the base of the Pleistocene Series, the base of the Pliocene Series, the 17 Ma maximum flooding surface [MFS], and a breakup unconformity of approximately 30 Ma in age) and seven seismic facies (i.e., continuous- and parallel-layer seismic facies, wavy seismic facies, chaotic seismic facies, U-shaped canyon-cut seismic facies, imbricated-layer seismic facies, high-amplitude reflector package seismic facies, and extrusive volcanism seismic facies) are recognized from seismic data with ages constrained by borehole stratigraphy drilled in the shelf. We have established a model for Cenozoic tectonic and sedimentary development in the rifted northern margin of the SCS near Taiwan. The occurrence of Paleogene fault-bounded grabens/half-grabens topped by a breakup unconformity and draped by postrift sediments indicates that these deepwater rifted basins developed on the continental crust, attesting that a thinned continental crust underlies the deepwater study area, rather than oceanic crust as reported in some literature. Postbreakup extrusive volcanic bodies, of early Miocene age, were buried by thick deepwater sediments. Fairly continuous stratal surfaces of 17 Ma MFS reveal that volcanic activities ceased to be active since middle Miocene. A series of channel cut-and-fills is observed in late Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene strata beneath and to the south of the modern Formosa Canyon. Two distinct fields of deepwater sediment waves developed since middle Pleistocene are found lying to the west of modern deformation front/Manila Trench and to the north and south of the Formosa Canyon, respectively.
Improve impedance inversion by adopting seismic sedimentary-guided a priori model
Authors: Zhao Xianzheng , Jin Fengming , Liu Lihui , Xiao Yang , Wang Li
Published: June 2016

We have developed an innovative procedure for model-based seismic inversion in areas with sparse or clustered and biased well control, where lithofacies and geobodies cannot be adequately sampled in wells and correctly represented in a priori acoustic impedance (AI) models constructed with conventional kriging methods. We have applied seismic sedimentology for facies mapping before the model building process. Lithology-calibrated seismic stratal slices contain rich information for analyzing sedimentary geomorphology and dispersal patterns of depositional systems, providing independent geologic knowledge to constrain a priori models. The new information can be incorporated by directional kriging that properly addresses facies types, orientations, and facies boundary conditions. Finally, the improved a priori model can be applied in Bayesian inversion for an updated inverted AI volume. This procedure was applied in a 3D project in Saidong Depression, Erlian Basin, China, with promising results, achieving inverted AI maps with a more complete facies representation, a more reasonable sediment dispersal pattern (orientation), and clearer facies boundaries.
Near-surface imaging using ambient-noise body waves
Authors: Edme Pascal , Halliday David F.
Published: June 2016

We have introduced a workflow that allows subsurface imaging using upcoming body-wave arrivals extracted from ambient-noise land seismic data. Rather than using the conventional seismic interferometry approach based on correlation, we have developed a deconvolution technique to extract the earth response from the observed periodicity in the seismic traces. The technique consists of iteratively applying a gapped spiking deconvolution, providing multiple-free images with higher resolution than conventional correlation. We have validated the workflow for zero-offset traces with simple synthetic data and real data recorded during a small point-receiver land seismic survey.
Expediente e Editorial
Authors: Martes Ana Cristina Braga , Farah Marta Ferreira Santos
Published: June 2016

Sem resumo
CAMPESINATO EM MOVIMENTO: ANÁLISE DA AÇÃO DO ESTADO E DAS ESTRATÉGIAS AUTÔNOMAS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO NO CAMPO
Authors: Lima Aline Barboza de
Published: June 2016

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir a redução das desigualdades sociais em assentamentos rurais do estado da Paraíba. Para tanto, foram analisadas as ações do Estado, via políticas públicas, e as estratégias autônomas de desenvolvimento das comunidades rurais. No tocante às políticas públicas, investigamos a atuação do Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF) e do Programa Coope­rar em assentamentos rurais na Paraíba. Em relação às estratégias autônomas de desenvolvimento, analisamos as experiências desenvolvidas a partir do projeto Feiras Agroecológicas Paraibanas. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados para a realização da pesquisa consistiram em: revisão bibliográfica; levantamento de dados; participação em reuniões e encontros com os camponeses e com os agentes gestores dos programas analisados; pesquisas documentais; trabalhos de campos; registros fotográficos; entrevistas e preenchimento de questionários. A partir da pesquisa desenvolvida, observamos que as políticas públicas de combate à pobreza rural, apesar de importantes para a redução das desigualdades sociais, não desenvolvem projetos capazes de reverter a precariedade dos assentamentos. Em contrapartida, as estratégias autônomas das comunidades rurais apresentam-se mais consequentes em projetos que visam promover a equidade social. PALAVRAS-CHAVE Políticas públicas, agroecologia, assentamentos rurais, pobreza, desigualdades sociais. ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to discuss the reduction of social inequalities in rural settlements of Paraíba state. Therefore, state actions through public policies such as autonomous strategies for rural communities’ development were analyzed. Regarding the public policies, we investigated the actions of Pronaf and Cooperar programs in rural settlements in Paraíba. In relation to autonomous strategies for such development we analyzed the experiences around the project called Paraibean Agroecological Fairs. The methodological procedures used for the making of the researches were: bibliographical revision, data survey; involvement through meetings with country people and coordination agents of the public policies which were analyzed; documentary researches; field works; photographic records interviews and applications of questionnaires. Through this study, we found out that the rural poverty reduction public policies, although important for the reduction of the social inequalities, do not develop projects able to reduce the settlements precariousness. On the other hand, the autonomous strategies of the rural communities appeared to be much more effective in projects aiming to promote social equality. KEYWORDS Public policies; agroecology; rural settlements; poverty; social inequalities.
CONSTRUCTING AN ACCOUNTABLE GOVERNMENT IN CHINA
Authors: Xuedong Yang
Published: June 2016

Building an accountable government has been a major part of government change in the past 30 years since the reform and opening-up. It is clear that China government has become more responsive. However, there is a contradiction in implementing responsibilities for government. On one hand, the governments’ responsibilities tend to be over economized. On the other hand, the operational mechanism tends to be over politicized. This contradiction has resulted in many negative effects which weaken the government to reform itself. In order to solve it, the government should become more democratized and rationalized and change from a responsive government to an accountable government. KEYWORDS Responsibilities, Accountable government, Over-economized, Over-politicized Reform and opening-up RESUMO A construção de um governo accountable, que preste conta de suas ações, tem sido a principal mudança nos últimos 30 anos, desde que se iniciou a reforma e a abertura na China. É visível que o governo chinês tem se tornado mais responsivo. Entretanto, há uma contradição na implementação de processos de responsabilização. Por um lado, as responsabilidades dos governos tendem a ser excessivamente economicistas e, por outro, os mecanismos operacionais tendem a ser excessivamente politizados. Esta contradição resultou em muitos efeitos negativos, que reduzem a capacidade que o governo tem de se auto-reformar. Para resolver isso, o governo deveria se tornar mais democrático e racionalizado, e caminhar no sentido de uma tranformação de um governo responsivo para um governo accountable, que presta contas de suas ações. PALAVRAS-CHAVE Responsabilidades, accountability, economicista, politizado, reforma e abertura democrática.
BREVE ANÁLISE DA LEGISLAÇÃO DAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE EMPREGABILIDADE PARA PESSOAS COM DEFICIÊNCIA
Authors: Manhães Vanessa Siqueira
Published: June 2016

O presente artigo tem como objetivo descrever e analisar as ações das políticas públicas de empregabilidade para as pessoas com deficiência (PcDs) existentes no Brasil atualmente. Dentre os programas de emprego e renda, cabe destaque para a Lei no 8.213/91 (BRASIL, 1991), conhecida como Lei de Reserva de Cotas, que estabelece fração percentual mínima de contratação de pessoas com deficiência para empre­sas com mais de 100 empregados, assim como a Lei nº 7.853 (BRASIL, 1989), que estabelece normas gerais dos direitos das pessoas com deficiência e, em especial, normas relativas à sua acessibilidade. Essas leis se constituem em políticas públicas no processo de inclusão da diversidade no ambiente de trabalho e servirão como parâmetro avaliativo da análise proposta pela pesquisa. PALAVRAS-CHAVE Pessoas com deficiência, políticas públicas, empregabilidade, Lei de Cotas nº 8.213/91, legislação. ABSTRACT This article aims to describe and analyze the actions of public policies for employability for people with disabilities, actually in Brazil. Among the programs of employment and income, particularly Law n. 8.213/91 (BRAZIL, 1991), known as Law of Quotas, which establishes minimum percentage fraction of hiring people with disabilities for companies with more than 100 employees, as well as the Law n. 7.853 (BRAZIL, 1989) laying down general rules on rights of people with disabilities and, in particular, standards on accessibility. These laws are public policies in the process of inclusion of diversity in the workplace and will serve as a parameter let analysis proposed by the search. KEYWORDS People with disabilities, public policies, employability, Law of Quotas n. 8.213/91, legislation.
Pareceristas
Authors: Pareceristas CGPC
Published: June 2016

Lista de Pareceristas de 2010
Uma Lei de Normas Gerais para a Organização Administrativa Brasileira: O Regime Jurídico Comum das Entidades Estatais de Direito Privado e as Empresas Estatais
Authors: Sundfeld Carlos Ari
Published: June 2016

Sem resumo
A Linguagem da Administração Pública: Um Estudo Sobre a Abordagem Pós-Moderna
Authors: Capella Ana Cláudia Niedhardt
Published: June 2016

Nas últimas décadas, um número crescente de estudiosos nas diversas áreas das ciências humanas tem incorporado ideias relacionadas ao chamado pensamento pós-moderno. Na área de Administração Pública, a incursão no pensamento pós-moderno tem sido relativamente pouco explorada no plano internacional. No Brasil, são escassos os estudos que relacionam a abordagem pós-moderna à investigação em administração pública. O presente estudo procura apresentar e discutir análises teóricas que incorporaram as ideias da pós-modernidade no campo da Administração Pública, concluindo que, embora a apropriação dessas ideias não seja tarefa fácil, há de se considerar as possíveis contribuições principalmente com relação a aspectos metodológicos e analíticos que possam fortalecer a pesquisa em administração pública. PALAVRAS-CHAVE Teoria da administração pública, administração pública pós-moderna, pós-positivismo, linguagem, construtivismo.  ABSTRACT Over the last decades, a growing number of scholars from humanities have explored ideas from the postmodern perspective. At the international level, few studies have been undertaken in the public administration field. In Brazil, few articles have been influenced by postmodern ideas. This article presents and discusses theoretical analysis influenced by postmodern ideas in the public administration field, concluding that this appropriation is difficult but worthwhile, especially regarding methodological and analytical issues which may strengthen public administration research. KEYWORDS Public administration theory, postmodern public administration, postpositivism, language, social constructivism.
Schwannoma of the biliary tract resembling cholangiocarcinoma: A case report and review
Authors: Marin Campos C , Garcia Sanz I , Muñoz de Nova JL , Valdés de Anca A , Martín Pérez ME
Published: June 2016

Schwannomas are benign tumours derived from Schwann cells and are extremely rare in the biliary tract. We present the case of a 62-year-old patient with a common bile duct schwannoma that resembled a cholangiocarcinoma. We also review all 17 previously published cases of schwannoma of the biliary tract and discuss the challenges of preoperative diagnosis.
Breast Cancer Metastasis: Role of Tumor Microenvironment and Resident Macropahges
Authors: Baghel Khemraj Singh , Bhadauria Smrati
Published: June 2016

Metastatic breast cancer is a stage of breast cancer wherever the disease has spread to distant parts of the body. Onset of metastasis is one of the biggest obstacles to the successful treatment of cancer. The potential of a tumor cell to metastasize profoundly depends on its microenvironment, or “niche” interactions with local components. Macrophages provide tropic support to tumors. Resident macrophages contribute a set of common functions, including their capability to defend against microbial infections, to maintain normal cell turnover and tissue remodelling, and to help repair sites of injury. Macrophages are recruited into the tumor microenvironment where they differentiate to become Tumor-associated-macrophages (TAMs). TAMs are the most abundant subpopulation of tumor-stroma and actively drive cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Cancer metastasis is not solely regulated by the deregulation of metastasis promoting or suppressing genes in cancer cells. Recently the interaction between the stromal cells and cancer cells has been demonstrated to promote cancer metastasis. TAMs can advocate epithelial-mesenchymal transition of cancer cells. Loss of e-cadherin, a major phenomenon of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), reduces adhesiveness and releases cancer cells to distant (secondary) sites. A positive correlation between tumor progression and the expression of matrix metallo proteinases (MMPs) in tumor tissues has been demonstrated in numerous human and animal studies. The dynamic interactions of cancer-cells with TAMs actively promote invasion-metastasis cascade through intercellular-signalling-networks that need better elucidation.
Human Pluripotent Stem Cells and Drug Discovery: A New Beginning
Authors: Verma Vinod , Mehta A. , Flora S.J.S.
Published: June 2016

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offer unique opportunities to discover and develop a new generation of drugs. Their ability to differentiate into virtually any cell type renders them a cost-effective, renewable source of tissue-specific cell types capable of predicting human responses towards novel chemical entities. Using these improved in vitro models based on physiologically relevant human cell types could result in identifying highly precise and safe compounds, thereby reducing drug attrition rates. Moreover, ability to develop humanised disease models for patient-stratified drug screening makes hPSCs an impeccable tool in translational medicine. In this mini-review we focus on the positives and negatives of utilising hPSC-derived cell types as drug discovery platforms with special emphasis on cardio-, hepato- and embryotoxicity.
Ethnomedicinal Knowledge for Management of Leeches in Assam
Authors: Ingtipi Werina , Teronpi Ni-et , Teron Robindra
Published: June 2016

Leech infestation is a common health problem in Assam that affects people of all ages, sexes and even livestock. Ethnomedicinal practice for management of leech infestations among ethnic groups in Assam is discussed. Data collection included ethnobotanical methods of group discussions and semi-structured interview. A total of 13 medicinal plants and 08 non-plant products are used by ethnic groups for management of leech infestation. Mikania scandens and Chromolaena odorata while among non-plant sources common salt and kerosene are the most extensively used ethnomedicines against leech infestation. In rare cases of intraperitoneal leech bites, Cucumis sativus or raw duck blood is taken to expel the leech. Ethnobotanical studies followed by chemical evaluation of locally used anti-leech plants can provide valuable clues about the bioactive compounds and prioritize species for further pharmacological investigation.
Court Decisions Specific to Public School Responses to Student Concussions
Authors: Zirkel Perry A.
Published: June 2016

This article provides an up-to-date and comprehensive canvassing of the judicial case law concerning the responses to students with concussions in the public school context. The two categories of court decisions are (a) those concerning continued participation in interscholastic athletics, referred to under the rubric of "return to play” and (b) those concerning the legal obligations in facilitating the continued educational progress of the student, referred to under the rubric of "return to school." The case law in the first category primarily addresses state common law claims of negligence and federal constitutional claims under the Fourteenth Amendment due process clause. The court decisions in the second category primarily address the successive issues of child find, eligibility, and "free appropriate public education" (including but not necessarily limited to accommodations) under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. The outcomes of the court decisions thus far have been largely in favor of the district defendants, but the case law is far from crystallized and complete.
Pediatric Hospital School Programming: An Examination of Educational Services for Students who are Hospitalized
Authors: Steinke Sarah Marie , Elam Megan , Irwin Mary Kay , Sexton Karen , McGraw Anne
Published: June 2016

This study aimed to define the current functions and operations of hospital school programs nationwide. A 56-item survey was disseminated to hospital teachers across the country to examine perceptions about their work, programs, and professional practice. Quantitative findings were analyzed using descriptive statistics at the individual item-level. Qualitative responses were categorized for thematic review and analyzed using an inductive approach. The final sample included 88 completed surveys. Findings were classified into three broad categories: hospital school programming, hospital school teachers, and hospital school instruction. Results revealed that great variability exists across hospitals. Differences were evident in how programs were staffed, funded, and how services are allocated to patients during hospitalizations. Findings will contribute to the establishment of best practices for hospital school programs.
Estetyka przeszłości w przekazach dla najmłodszych w świetle uwag o filogenezie kulturowej
Authors: Wądolny-Tatar Katarzyna
Published: June 2016

Od estetyki przeszłości w literaturze dla najmłodszych zależy charakter transmisji dziejów. Utwory, adresowane do małych odbiorców w różnym wieku, pozwalają na zachowanie zasad filogenezy kulturowej, rozumianej jako konieczne nabywanie kulturowych i społecznych kompetencji przez kolejne ludzkie pokolenia w ciągu całego życia w określonym porządku (między innymi z pierwszeństwem naturalnych środków komunikacji przed sztucznymi, prymatem książki drukowanej nad książką elektroniczną). W estetyzacji przeszłości uczestniczą: (1) synekdocha jako trop wizualny w ilustracjach zawartych w utworach dotyczących drugiej wojny światowej (seria Wojny dorosłych – historie dzieci); (2) strategie biografizacyjne stosowane w prozie dla młodych czytelników przez Annę Czerwińską-Rydel.
Zielnik miłosny z bluszczem w tle – Maria Pawlikowska-Jasnorzewska i Edgar Allan Poe o sztuce i uczuciach
Authors: Kulig Agnieszka
Published: June 2016

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest opisanie i skomentowanie rozwiązań dydaktycznych na poziomie gimnazjum, związanych z poezją Marii Pawlikowskiej-Jasnorzewskiej i nowelą amerykańskiego twórcy – mowa tutaj o Portrecie owalnym Edgara Allana Poe. Opisane narzędzia metodyczne powstały w ramach ogólnopolskiego projektu prowadzonego przez Instytut Badań Edukacyjnych. Podstawą do zestawienia ze sobą różnych tekstów są takie kategorie, jak miłość, sztuka i natura, silnie obecne w twórczości wspomnianych artystów. Wnioskom metodycznym towarzyszy refleksja o charakterze literaturoznawczym.
Literatura dla dzieci – więcej pytań niż odpowiedzi
Authors: Czabanowska-Wróbel Anna
Published: June 2016

Celem artykułu jest postawienie pytań dotyczących współczesnej sytuacji literatury dziecięcej. Rosnące znaczenie książki dziecięcej w XXI wieku powinno budzić optymizm. Jednak ciekawe zjawiska na rynku książki niekoniecznie przekładają się w sposób bezpośredni na trwałe i pozytywne zmiany w dziedzinie czytelnictwa dzieci i młodzieży.
Dynamic Relationship Marketing
Authors: Zhang Jonathan Z. , Watson George F. , Palmatier Robert W. , Dant Rajiv P.
Published: June 2016

Firms routinely engage in relationship marketing (RM) efforts to improve their relationships with business partners, and extant research has documented the effectiveness of various RM strategies. According to the perspective proposed in this article, as customers migrate through different relationship states over time, not all RM strategies are equally effective, so it is possible to identify the most effective RM strategies given customers’ states. The authors apply a multivariate hidden Markov model to a six-year longitudinal data set of 552 business-to-business relationships maintained by a Fortune 500 firm. The analysis identifies four latent buyer–seller relationship states, according to each customer's level of commitment, trust, dependence, and relational norms, and it parsimoniously captures customers’ migration across relationship states through three positive (exploration, endowment, recovery) and two negative (neglect, betrayal) migration mechanisms. The most effective RM strategies across migration paths can help firms promote customer migration to higher performance states and prevent deterioration to poorer ones. A counterfactual elasticity analysis compares the relative importance of different migration strategies at various relationship stages. This research thus moves beyond extant RM literature by focusing on the differential effectiveness of RM strategies across relationship states, and it provides managerial guidance regarding efficient, dynamic resource allocations.
Binge Watching and Advertising
Authors: Schweidel David A. , Moe Wendy W.
Published: June 2016

How users consume media has shifted dramatically as viewers migrate from traditional broadcast channels toward online channels. Rather than following the schedule dictated by television networks and consuming one episode of a series each week, many viewers now engage in binge watching, which involves consuming several episodes of the same series in a condensed period of time. In this research, the authors decompose users’ viewing behavior into (1) whether the user continues the viewing session after each episode viewed, (2) whether the next episode viewed is from the same or a different series, and (3) the time elapsed between sessions. Applying this modeling framework to data provided by Hulu.com , a popular online provider of broadcast and cable television shows, the authors examine the drivers of binge watching behavior, distinguishing between user-level traits and states determined by previously viewed content. The authors simultaneously investigate users’ response to advertisements. Many online video providers support their services with advertising revenue; thus, understanding how users respond to advertisements and how advertising affects subsequent viewing is of paramount importance to both advertisers and online video providers. The results of the study reveal that advertising responsiveness differs between bingers and nonbingers and that it changes over the course of online viewing sessions. The authors discuss the implications of their results for advertisers and online video platforms.
What Are Likes Worth? A Facebook Page Field Experiment
Authors: Mochon Daniel , Johnson Karen , Schwartz Janet , Ariely Dan
Published: June 2016

Despite the tremendous resources devoted to marketing on Facebook, little is known about its actual effect on customers. Specifically, can Facebook page likes affect offline customer behavior, and if so, how? To answer these questions, the authors conduct a field experiment on acquired Facebook page likes and find them to have a positive causal effect on offline customer behavior. Importantly, these likes are found to be most effective when the Facebook page is used as a platform for firm-initiated promotional communications. No effect of acquired page likes is found when customers interact organically with the firm's page, but a significant effect is found when the firm pays to boost its page posts and thus uses its Facebook page as a platform for paid advertising. These results demonstrate the value of likes beyond Facebook activity itself and highlight the conditions under which acquiring likes is most valuable for firms.
Blanchot’s Windows
Authors: Cools Arthur
Published: June 2016

This article intends to analyse the presence of the window in Blanchot’s fictional work. The window, or window pane, can be considered a central topos in Blanchot’s approach of the literary space, not only because it recurs in different stories but moreover because it relates to the event of the story. I have a double claim as regards this topos. First, the topos foregrounds the importance of the perceptual basis in Blanchot’s approach to the image in his own fictional writings. Second, it functions in the transformation of the narrative in his fictional writings and in this regard reveals the importance of the literary space in Blanchot’s approach to the image. As concerns the first claim, I will show how different meanings of the window metaphor, as understood in the theory of the pictorial image since the Renaissance, remain present in Blanchot’s use of the metaphor. As regards the second claim, I will establish how the meaning of the window pane in Blanchot’s fictional writings is connected to specific narrative constraints, for instance as expression of intentions, or as metaphor for the narrator’s experience, or as means to relate the event of the story. In the first part of this article, I recall the pictorial definition of the image in terms of window and its transformation in Romanticism and Surrealism, and show that it is possible to situate Blanchot’s approach to the image in terms of “fascination” within this legacy. In the second part, I analyse the different meanings associated with the window pane in Blanchot’s fictional work, exploring to what extent they repeat the Romanticist and Surrealist interpretations and how significantly they move beyond this legacy. This comparative investigation leads to an articulation of Blanchot’s theory of the image as evidenced from the perspective of his own fictional writings.
Buckling optimisation of sandwich cylindrical panels
Authors: Abouhamzeh M. , Sadighi M.
Published: June 2016

In this paper, the buckling load optimisation is performed on sandwich cylindrical panels. A finite element program is developed in MATLAB to solve the governing differential equations of the global buckling of the structure. In order to find the optimal solution, the genetic algorithm Toolbox in MATLAB is implemented. Verifications are made for both the buckling finite element code and also the results from the genetic algorithm by comparisons to the results available in literature. Sandwich cylindrical panels are optimised for the buckling strength with isotropic or orthotropic cores with different boundary conditions. Results are presented in terms of stacking sequence of fibers in the face sheets and core to face sheet thickness ratio.
Negative pressure wound treatment for uterine incision necrosis following a cesarean section
Authors: Dedes Ioannis , Krähenmann Franziska , Ghisu Gian-Piero , Birindelli Esther , Zimmermann Roland , Ochsenbein Nicole
Published: June 2016

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase sepsis with concurrent uterine incision dehiscence after cesarean section with T-shaped incision for chorioamnionitis occurred in a 29-year-old patient after her first delivery. Following an exploratory laparotomy with a diagnosis of necrosis of the anterior uterine wall, a uterine negative-pressure wound treatment (NPWT) was performed, successfully avoiding hysterectomy and enabling secondary suture of the uterine wall.
Spontaneous cord hematoma: report of two cases
Authors: Koukoura Ourania , Sveronis George , Alevra Zoi , Gaitana Katerina , Kalaitzi Anna N. , Dafoulis Nikolaos , Karasavidou Fotini , Garas Antonios , Daponte Alexandros
Published: June 2016

Spontaneous hematoma of the umbilical cord due to rupture of an umbilical cord vessel is a rare obstetrical complication which represents a severe cause of fetal distress with a 50% of reported fetal demise. Although several risk factors have been suggested, the cause of this disorder remains unknown. Herein we describe two cases of term deliveries with spontaneous umbilical cord hematomas which resulted in live births. In both cases the diagnosis was made intrapartum and was confirmed by a histopathologic examination.
Bi-parameter and bilinear Calderón–Vaillancourt theorem with subcritical order
Authors: Lu Guozhen , Zhang Lu
Published: June 2016

The main purpose of this paper is to establish a Calderón–Vaillancourt-type theorem on

L
p

${L^{p}}$

estimates for bi-parameter and bilinear pseudo-differential operators with subcritical order.
Hepatitis B virus surface protein-induced hPIAS1 transcription requires TAL1, E47, MYOG, NFI, and MAPK signal pathways
Authors: Wang Hongyan , Wu Di , Wang Xiaofeng , Chen Guang , Zhang Yuanya , Yan Weiming , Luo Xiaoping , Han Meifang , Ning Qin
Published: June 2016

The protein inhibitor of activated STAT1 (PIAS1) plays important roles in regulating virus-induced chronic hepatitis, but the interaction between hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hPIAS1 is not clear. Our aim was to verify if HBV encoding proteins enhance the transcription of hPIAS1 and which cis-elements and transcription factors were involved in the mechanism. In order to do, so a series of molecular biological methods, along with functional and histological studies, were performed. We found that the HBV surface protein (HBs) enhanced hPIAS1 transcription through the activities of TAL1, E47, myogenin (MYOG), and NFI, dependent on the activation of p38MAPK and ERK signaling pathways in vitro, which might contribute to the ineffectiveness of treatment in CHB patients. Furthermore, liver samples from patients with high HBsAg levels and HBV DNA displayed increased hPIAS1 expression and high levels of TAL1, E47, MYOG, and NFI, compared to those patients with low HBsAg levels and HBV DNA, and healthy controls. These findings suggest that the HBs protein-induced hPIAS1 transcription requires TAL1, E47, MYOG, NFI, and MAPK signal pathways. It provides new potential targets for antiviral therapeutic strategies for controlling HBV-associated diseases.
Performance Analysis of SISFCL with the Variation of Circuit Parameters using Jiles Atherton Hysteresis Model
Authors: Sarkar Debraj , Roy Debabrata , Choudhury Amalendu Bikash , Yamada Sotoshi
Published: June 2016

In modern day power systems, fault current limiters (FCL) are used to provide protection from high fault currents in the event of electrical faults and thus help to deliver uninterrupted electric supply to the consumers. Several technologies of FCLs are available for practical usage. However, the saturated iron-core superconducting fault current limiter (SISFCL) has gained a lot of attention in recent years in view of its ability to offer very low impedance during normal operation and high impedance during faulted condition. Previous mathematical models defining the performance of the device employs a simple BH curve. But as the change in mathematical state of saturation and unsaturation is important for the operation of the device, the paper investigates the responses considering the effects of magnetic hysteresis utilising the Jiles Atherton hysteresis model. Further the performance of the device is analysed with the variations of different parameters viz., the fault resistance magnitude, DC bias current, number of turns of the AC winding and number of turns of the DC winding that portray the effectiveness of the parameters encouraging an optimal design of the limiter.
Testing Time and Frequency Fiber-Optic Link Transfer by Hardware Emulation of Acoustic-Band Optical Noise
Authors: Lipiński Marcin , Krehlik Przemysław , Śliwczyński Łukasz , Buczek Łukasz , Kołodziej Jacek
Published: June 2016

The low-frequency optical-signal phase noise induced by mechanical vibration of the base occurs in field-deployed fibers. Typical telecommunication data transfer is insensitive to this type of noise but the phenomenon may influence links dedicated to precise Time and Frequency (T&F) fiber-optic transfer that exploit the idea of stabilization of phase or propagation delay of the link. To measure effectiveness of suppression of acoustic noise in such a link, a dedicated measurement setup is necessary. The setup should enable to introduce a low-frequency phase corruption to the optical signal in a controllable way. In the paper, a concept of a setup in which the mechanically induced acoustic-band optical signal phase corruption is described and its own features and measured parameters are presented. Next, the experimental measurement results of the T&F transfer TFTS-2 system’s immunity as a function of the fibre-optic length vs. the acoustic-band noise are presented. Then, the dependency of the system immunity on the location of a noise source along the link is also pointed out.
Langmuir hydrogen dissociation approach in radiolabeling carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide
Authors: Badun Gennadii A. , Chernysheva Maria G. , Grigorieva Anastasia V. , Eremina Elena A. , Egorov Alexander V.
Published: June 2016

Carbon-based nanomaterials have piqued the interest of several researchers. At the same time, radioactive labeling is a powerful tool for studying processes in different systems, including biological and organic; however, the introduction of radioactive isotopes into carbon-based nanomaterial remains a great challenge. We have used the Langmuir hydrogen dissociation method to introduce tritium in single-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide. The technique allows us to achieve a specific radioactivity of 107 and 27 Ci/g for single-layer graphene oxide and single-walled carbon nanotubes, respectively. Based on the analysis of characteristic Raman modes at 1350 and 1580 cm−1, a minimal amount of structural changes to the nanomaterials due to radiolabeling was observed. The availability of a simple, nondestructive, and economic technique for the introduction of radiolabels to single-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide will ultimately expand the applicability of these materials.
Cultivating Community: Black Agrarianism in Cleveland, Ohio
Authors: Fiskio Janet , Shammin Md Rumi , Scott Vel
Published: June 2016

In this article, we present the voices of African American urban gardeners in Cleveland, Ohio, a city in the Rust Belt. We draw attention to the history of a rich neighborhood life following the Great Migration that was grounded in political activism and mutual support. We focus on the gardener's visions of thriving, self-reliant African American communities and the desire to rebuild soil, neighborhoods, and economies. The central values articulated include hospitality, empowerment, and giving back, values that are grounded in the history and current practice of community organizing. We critique the mainstream tendency to label black bodies and African American communities as pathological, and instead argue for recognizing the skills and abilities of African American gardeners to cultivate community—that is, to build and strengthen the social, political, economic, and cultural fabric of neighborhoods.
Type II SOCS as a feedback repressor for GH-induced Igf1 expression in carp hepatocytes
Authors: Jiang Xue , Xiao Jia , He Mulan , Ma Ani , Wong Anderson O L
Published: June 2016

Type II suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) serve as feedback repressors for cytokines and are known to inhibit growth hormone (GH) actions. However, direct evidence for SOCS modulation of GH-induced insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1) expression is lacking, and the post-receptor signaling for SOCS expression at the hepatic level is still unclear. To shed light on the comparative aspects of SOCS in GH functions, grass carp was used as a model to study the role of type II SOCS in GH-induced Igf1 expression. Structural identity of type II SOCS, Socs1–3 and cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (Cish), was established in grass carp by 5’/3’-RACE, and their expression at both transcript and protein levels were confirmed in the liver by RT-PCR and LC/MS/MS respectively. In carp hepatocytes, GH treatment induced rapid phosphorylation of JAK2, STATs, MAPK, PI3K, and protein kinase B (Akt) with parallel rises in socs1–3 and cish mRNA levels, and these stimulatory effects on type II SOCS were shown to occur before the gradual loss of igf1 gene expression caused by prolonged exposure of GH. Furthermore, GH-induced type II SOCS gene expression could be negated by inhibiting JAK2, STATs, MEK1/2, P38MAPK, PI3K, and/or Akt respectively. In CHO cells transfected with carp GH receptor, over-expression of these newly cloned type II SOCS not only suppressed JAK2/STAT5 signaling with GH treatment but also inhibited GH-induced grass carp Igf1 promoter activity. These results, taken together, suggest that type II SOCS could be induced by GH in the carp liver via JAK2/STATs, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt cascades and serve as feedback repressors for GH signaling and induction of igf1 gene expression.
Naringin protects cardiomyocytes against hyperglycemia-induced injuries in vitro and in vivo
Authors: You Qiong , Wu Zijun , Wu Bin , Liu Chang , Huang Ruina , Yang Li , Guo Runmin , Wu Keng , Chen Jingfu
Published: June 2016

We previously reported that naringin (NRG) protects cardiomyocytes against high glucose (HG)-induced injuries by inhibiting the MAPK pathway. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that NRG prevents cardiomyocytes from hyperglycemia-induced insult through the inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and the upregulation of ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels. Our results showed that exposure of cardiomyocytes to HG for 24h markedly induced injuries, as evidenced by a decrease in cell viability and oxidative stress, and increases in apoptotic cells as well as the dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). These injuries were markedly attenuated by the pretreatment of cells with either NRG or pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) before exposure to HG. Furthermore, in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and in HG-induced cardiomyocytes, the expression levels of caspase-3, bax and phosphorylated (p)-NF-κB p65 were increased. The increased protein levels were ameliorated by pretreatment with both NRG and PDTC. However, the expression levels of bcl-2 and KATP and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were decreased by hyperglycemia; the expression level of Nox4 and the ADP/ATP ratio were increased by hyperglycemia. These hyperglycemia-induced indexes were inhibited by the pretreatment of cardiomyocytes with NRG or PDTC. In addition, in STZ-induced diabetic rats, we also observed that NRG or PDTC contributed to protecting mitochondrial injury and myocardium damage. This study demonstrated that NRG protects cardiomyocytes against hyperglycemia-induced injury by upregulating KATP channels in vitro and inhibiting the NF-κB pathway in vivo and in vitro.
Desprofesionalización de la enseñanza y desarrollo del saber contable
Authors: Borrero Jorge Iván González
Published: June 2016

La conferencia del profesor González hace un llamado a la transformación en los mecanismos de formación de contadores, los cuales se desarrollan radicionalmente en medio de una formación excesivamente profesionalista, es decir, hecha para el hacer técnico.

Propone encaminar la enseñanza contable en el desarrollo del pensamiento y el saber como mecanismo para construir una disciplina mucho más compleja y rica en matices, especialmente los campos que la contabilidad no ha estudiado como la naturaleza del problema inflacionario y los mecanismos de representación de la inflación. Esta conferencia fue realizada en el marco del I Coloquio Nacional de Investigación Contable organizado por el Centro Colombiano de Investigaciones Contables (CCINCO) en agosto de 1997 y la incluimos en la presente edición de la revista Activos por su actualidad y su invaluable contribución al desarrollo del pensamiento contable en Colombia. 
Caracterización y análisis de las violaciones al código de ética por parte de los contadores públicos en Colombia 2007-2009
Authors: Olivero Yulian Chabelly Angulo , Cuadro Cristian Camilo Rojas , Delgado Daniel Darío Daza , Romero David Esteban Altamar
Published: June 2016

En el ámbito contable nacional e internacional, uno de los campos problemáticos es el relacionado con la observancia de principios éticos en el ejercicio contable. Los casos de empresas tales como Molinos del Cauca, Enron y Tyco, señalan el incumplimiento de dichos principios por la recurrencia a prácticas contables inadecuadas (como la manipulación de la información contable), con el fin de obtener ventajas financieras o tributarias. El presente documento aborda el estudio de esta problemática, a partir de la caracterización de los casos sancionados por la Junta Central de Contadores, basada en la Ley 43 de 1990 y usando como variables identificadoras el principio ético más violado, las dimensiones del ejercicio profesional contable y el género de los profesionales que violaron el código de ética, como también el tipo de sanciones aplicadas. La presente caracterización permite reflexionar sobre una serie de aspectos vulnerados por los profesionales contables y sancionados en el ejercicio de la profesión.