bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solubility-Permeability Interplay of Hydrotropic Solubilization Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Nainwal Nidhi , Jawala Sunil , Singh Ranjit , Saharan Vikas A.
Published: February 2020

Background::

The solubility/dissolution of a drug in the gastrointestinal (GI) region and the
permeability of a drug through the GI membrane are the two key parameters governing drug absorption.
Poor aqueous solubility is the rate-limiting factor for the absorption of poorly soluble drugs
through the GI region.

Objective:

The purpose of this work is to investigate the influence of two different hydrotropes, namely
sodium benzoate (SB), and nicotinamide (NA), at different levels (10-40%) and in combination on the
solubility and permeability of poorly soluble drug glibenclamide (GLB). The work will find out,
whether the solubility enhancement of glibenclamide using hydrotropes and hydrotropic blends also affects
the GI permeability of glibenclamide.

Methods:

A 32 full factorial design was employed to study the influence of hydrotropic blends of sodium
benzoate and nicotinamide on the solubility and permeability of GLB. The solubility and permeability
of drugs at different levels (10-40%) of hydrotropes (SB, NA) and their blends are determined
using a magnetic stirrer and in vitro Franz diffusion cell, respectively.

Results:

The results of preliminary studies revealed an increase in the solubility and reduction in the
apparent permeability of GLB as a function of increasing levels of both hydrotropes.

Conclusion:

In this work, it was found that an increase in solubility with hydrotropes results in a decrease
in permeability of GLB. The solubility enhancement and the permeability decrease were observed
more in hydrotropic blends in comparison to individual hydrotropes. Therefore, it is concluded
that both factors, solubility and permeability, must be optimized to achieve appreciable gains in
bioavailability.
Gene Expression and Resistance to Glucocorticoid-Induced Apoptosis in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Brief Review and Update
Authors: Lambrou George I. , Adamaki Maria , Hatziagapiou Kyriaki , Vlahopoulos Spiros
Published: February 2020

Background:

Resistance to glucocorticoid (GC)-induced apoptosis in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), is considered one of the major prognostic factors for the disease. Prednisolone is a corticosteroid and one of the most important agents in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The mechanics of GC resistance are largely unknown and intense ongoing research focuses on this topic.

Aim:

The aim of the present study is to review some aspects of GC resistance in ALL, and in particular of Prednisolone, with emphasis on previous and present knowledge on gene expression and signaling pathways playing a role in the phenomenon.

Methods:

An electronic literature search was conducted by the authors from 1994 to June 2019. Original articles and systematic reviews selected, and the titles and abstracts of papers screened to determine whether they met the eligibility criteria, and full texts of the selected articles were retrieved.

Results:

Identification of gene targets responsible for glucocorticoid resistance may allow discovery of drugs, which in combination with glucocorticoids may increase the effectiveness of anti-leukemia therapies. The inherent plasticity of clinically evolving cancer justifies approaches to characterize and prevent undesirable activation of early oncogenic pathways.

Conclusions:

Study of the pattern of intracellular signal pathway activation by anticancer drugs can lead to development of efficient treatment strategies by reducing detrimental secondary effects.
KARAKTERISTIK BUTIR SOAL TES UJIAN AKHIR SEMESTER HUKUM BISNIS
Authors: Wibawa Eka Ary
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik butir soal tes UAS Hukum Bisnis. Karakteristik butir soal yang dicari meliputi tingkat kesukaran, daya beda, dan keberfungsian pengecoh. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Subjek penelitian ini mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan Akuntansi. Objek penelitian ini yakni respon jawaban tes sebanyak 75 respon jawaban. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes dengan instrumen penelitian berupa soal tes sebanyak 75 butir soal. Validitas tes dibuktikan dengan expert judgment dan reliabilitas tes diestimasi dengan formula KR-20. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis butir soal tes yang terdir atas tingkat kesukaran, daya beda, dan keberfungsian pengecoh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) tingkat kesukaran butir soal tes ujian akhir semester hukum bisnis yang masuk ke dalam kategori sedang = 88%, sukar = 4%, mudah = 5,3%, sangat sukar = 0% dan sangat mudah = 2,7%; (2) daya beda butir soal tes ujian akhir semester hukum bisnis yang lebih dari 0,30 = 88%, antara 0,10 s.d. 0,29 = 4%, dan kurang dari 0,10 = 8%; (3) keberfungsian pengecoh pada butir soal tes ujian akhir semester hukum bisnis yang berfungsi dengan baik sebesar 83,7% dan sisanya 17,3% tidak berfungsi dengan baik.Kata Kunci: karakteristik butir soal tes, hukum bisnis
PENGARUH MOTIVASI BELAJAR, PERSEPSI SISWA TENTANG METODE MENGAJAR GURU, DAN PERHATIAN ORANG TUA TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR AKUNTANSI DASAR SISWA KELAS X AKUNTANSI DAN KEUANGAN LEMBAGA SMK NEGERI 1 WONOSARI TAHUN AJARAN 2018/2019
Authors: Intan Utari Nur Fitria , Djazari Moh.
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Motivasi Belajar, Persepsi Siswa tentang Metode Mengajar Guru, dan Perhatian Orang Tua terhadap Prestasi Belajar Akuntansi Dasar Siswa Kelas X AKL SMK Negeri 1 Wonosari Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019, baik secara sendiri-sendiri, maupun secara bersama-sama. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian ex-post facto dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian sebanyak 127 siswa. Pengumpulan data mengunakan metode angket dan metode dokumentasi. Uji prasyarat analisis menggunakan uji linearitas dan uji multikolinearitas. Uji hipotesis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi sederhana dan analisis regresi ganda tiga prediktor. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) Terdapat pengaruh positif Motivasi Belajar terhadap Prestasi Belajar Akuntansi Dasar dibuktikan dengan rx1y = 0,348, r2x1y = 0,114, dan thitung ttabel (4,012 1,657) .(2) Terdapat pengaruh positif Persepsi Siswa tentang Metode Mengajar Guru terhadap Prestasi Belajar Akuntansi Dasar dibuktikan dengan rx2y = 0,275, r2x2y = 0,076 dan thitung ttabel (3,204 1,657). (3) Terdapat pengaruh positif Perhatian Orang Tua terhadap Prestasi Belajar Akuntansi Dasar dibuktikan dengan rx3y = 0,254, r2x3y = 0,064, dan thitung ttabel (2,301 1,657).  (4) Terdapat pengaruh positif Motivasi Belajar, Persepsi Siswa tentang Metode Mengajar Guru, dan Perhatian Orang Tua secara bersama-sama terhadap Prestasi Belajar Akuntansi Dasar, yang dibuktikan dengan Ry(1,2,3) = 0,391, R2y(1,2,3) = 0,153, dan Fhitung Ftabel (7,398 2,678). Sumbangan Efektif (SE) menunjukkan total sebesar 15,30%. Kata kunci:  Motivasi Belajar, Persepsi Siswa tentang metode Mengajar Guru, Perhatian Orang Tua, Prestasi Belajar Akuntansi Dasar
Формирование аморфных нанокластеров и нанокристаллов германия в пленках GeSi-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-y-=/SUB=- на кварцевой подложке с использованием печных и импульсных лазерных отжигов
Authors: Fan Zhang , Кочубей С.А. , Stoffel M. , Rinnert H. , Vergnat M. , Володин В.А.
Published: February 2020

Abstract Nonstoichiometric GeO_0.5[SiO_2]_0.5 and GeO_0.5[SiO]_0.5 germanosilicate glassy films are produced by the high-vacuum coevaporation of GeO_2 and either SiO or SiO_2 powders with deposition onto a cold fused silica substrate. Then the films are subjected to furnace or laser annealing (a XeCl laser, λ = 308 nm, pulse duration of 15 ns). The properties of the samples are studied by transmittance and reflectance spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. As shown by analysis of the Raman spectra, the GeO[SiO] film deposited at a substrate temperature of 100°C contains amorphous Ge clusters, whereas no signal from Ge–Ge bond vibrations is observed in the Raman spectra of the GeO[SiO_2] film deposited at the same temperature. The optical absorption edge of the as-deposited GeO[SiO_2] film corresponds to ~400 nm; at the same time, in the GeO[SiO] film, absorption is observed right up to the near-infrared region, which is apparently due to absorption in Ge clusters. Annealing induces a shift of the absorption edge to longer wavelengths. After annealing of the GeO[SiO_2] film at 450°C, amorphous germanium clusters are detected in the film, and after annealing at 550°C as well as after pulsed laser annealing, germanium nanocrystals are detected. The crystallization of amorphous Ge nanoclusters in the GeO[SiO] film requires annealing at a temperature of 680°C. In this case, the size of Ge nanoclusters in this film are smaller than that in the GeO[SiO_2] film. It is not possible to crystallize Ge clusters in the GeO[SiO] film. It seems obvious that the smaller the semiconductor nanoclusters in an insulating matrix, the more difficult it is to crystallize them. In the low-temperature photoluminescence spectra of the annealed films, signals caused by either defects or Ge clusters are detected.
Свойства микрорезонатора на основе таммовского плазмона с внутрирезонаторными металлическими слоями и органической активной областью
Authors: Морозов К.М. , Белоновский А.В. , Гиршова Е.И. , Иванов К.А. , Калитеевский М.А.
Published: February 2020

A theoretical study of the properties of a microcavity structure with intracavity metal layers and an organic active region (material CBP(4,4′-Bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1′-biphenyl)) was done. The structure consisted of a layer of organic material CBP, sandwiched between two silver layers, thin phase matching layers (dph=26 nm) and two quarter-wave Bragg reflectors. It was shown that hybrid modes localized in the central layer of the structure can significantly increase the decay rate of the luminescence of an organic emitter by means of the Purcell effect. A shift in the hybrid modes spectral position was shown upon their interaction with the exciton resonance in CBP. This fact may indicate the appearance of a strong coupling regime.
Фотореверсивный ток в светодиодных гетероструктурах на основе InGaN/GaN c разным количеством квантовых ям
Authors: Асланян А.Э. , Авакянц Л.П. , Червяков А.В. , Туркин А.Н. , Курешов В.А. , Сабитов Д.Р. , Мармалюк А.А.
Published: February 2020

Abstract InGaN/GaN-based LED heterostructures with different numbers of quantum wells are investigated by photocurrent spectroscopy in the wavelength range of 350–500 nm. As a result of the analysis of a series of spectra obtained at various p – n -junction biases, the effect of changing photocurrent direction when varying the excitation wavelength (photoreversible effect) is discovered. The range of p – n -junction biases for which this effect is observed in structures with different numbers of quantum wells in the active region is established.
Твердофазные взаимодействия в системе Bi-Au
Authors: Рождествина В.И.
Published: February 2020

We discuss the processes of contact solid-state interactions in the binary system Bi-Au under pressure. These elements have various rheological properties. The activation of high-speed processes of mass transfer under pressure is associated with the mobility of mesostructured elements of metals. The main role in large-scale mass transfer belongs to the Hadwall effect - an increase in reactivity in the process or because of transformation of the crystal structure.
Электронная структура соединения DyFe-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-Si-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-: зонный расчет и оптические исследования
Authors: Князев Ю.В. , Лукоянов А.В. , Кузьмин Ю.И.
Published: February 2020

Investigations of electronic structure and optical properties of DyFe2Si2 compound have been carried out. Calculations of the band structure were made with employing local electron density approximation with correction for strong electron correlation effects in the 4f-shells of rare earth metal (GGA+U method). Optical properties were studied by ellipsometric technique in wide wavelength interval. A number of spectral and electronic characteristics were determined. It is shown that the optical conductivity of the compound in interband transitions range is interpreted satisfactorily by means of the density of states calculations.
Сверхпроводимость в тонких пленках дираковского полуметалла Cd-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-As-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-
Authors: Давыдов А.Б. , Овешников Л.Н. , Суслов А.В. , Риль А.И. , Маренкин С.Ф. , Аронзон Б.А.
Published: February 2020

We studied thin films of the Dirac semi-metal Cd3As2, about 100 nm thickness, made by vacuum thermal evaporation from cadmium arsenide single crystals. The temperature and magnetic field dependences of the electrical resistance were measured, which indicate the presence of a superconducting transition at a temperature between 0.2 to 0.6 K.
Диодные гетероструктуры с ферромагнитным слоем (Ga, Mn)As
Authors: Звонков Б.Н. , Вихрова О.В. , Данилов Ю.А. , Дорохин М.В. , Калентьева И.Л. , Кудрин А.В. , Здоровейщев А.В. , Ларионова Е.А. , Ковальский В.А. , Солтанович О.А.
Published: February 2020

The diode p-(Ga,Mn)As/n-InGaAs/n+-GaAs heterostructures, which differ in thickness (from 5 to 50 nm) of a diluted magnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)As layer, were fabricated and studied. We found the negative magnetoresistance effect, reaching 6–8% in a 3600 Oe magnetic field. The effect was conserved up to temperatures of 70–80 K and associated with a decrease in charge carrier scattering due to ferromagnetic ordering in the (Ga,Mn)As layer. The dependence of the magnetoresistance on the forward bias voltage is nonmonotonic with the maximum magnetoresistance and its observation voltage range depending on the (Ga,Mn)As layer thickness. The magnetic field dependences of the magnetoresistance have a hysteretic shape due to the influence of tensile stresses in the (Ga,Mn)As layer grown on top of the relaxed InGaAs material on the appearance of the magnetization component, perpendicular to the structure surface.
Обменные взаимодействия в паре ионов Cr-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=--Cr-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=- в диамагнитной матрице ABO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- (A=Ga, In, Sc)
Authors: Воротынов А.М. , Руденко В.В. , Воротынова О.В.
Published: February 2020

Abstract The exchange interactions in the Cr^3+–Cr^3+ ion pairs in the isostructural ABO_3 (A = Ga, In, Sc) diamagnetic compounds have been examined using the magnetic resonance technique. The values of bilinear and biquadratic exchange interactions have been determined. It is shown that the biquadratic exchange in the Cr^3+–Cr^3+ pair in these compounds is caused by the exchange striction.
Условия возникновения спонтанной осциллирующей магнитной релаксации в синтетических ферримагнетиках Pt/Co/Ir/Co/Pt
Authors: Моргунов Р.Б. , Безверхний А.И. , Дмитриев О.С. , Бахметьев M.В.
Published: February 2020

We had established that the non-monotonic magnetic relaxation appeared, when two or three magnetic fields, switching between stable magnetization states, coincide with each other, in Pt/Co/Ir/Co/Pt synthetic ferrimagnets with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Switching fields between stable magnetization states depend on sum of exchange interlayer energy, Zeeman energy and magnetization reversal energy barrier of each layer. This total energy depends on layers thickness and temperature. We had shown that with choose of temperature and free layer thickness we can achieve double or triple points on energy states diagram, which is reason of nonmonotonic magnetization relaxation.
Влияние примеси железа на электрическую проводимость кристаллов LiNbO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-
Authors: Яценко А.В. , Евдокимов С.В.
Published: February 2020

The electrical conductivity of a series of LiNbO3 of congruent composition with a relatively low concentration of iron (up to 0.15 wt.% Fe2O3 in the melt) was experimentally studied. It has been established that at temperatures close to 300 K, two types of centers with close activation energies make the main contribution to the electrical conductivity of these crystals. The first type of these centers — Fe2+ ions — is responsible for impurity electron conductivity with an activation energy (0.34  0.01) eV. The second type of these centers is small-radius polarons with an activation energy (0.29  0.02) eV. It was shown that for nominally pure and lightly doped “as grown” LiNbO3 crystals at T = 300 K, polaron conductivity is dominant.
Определяющее влияние периметра островков на фазовые равновесия в системе графен-металл с растворенным в объеме углеродом
Authors: Рутьков Е.В. , Галль Н.Р.
Published: February 2020

Abstract It was found that an insignificant increase of the concentration of carbon atoms in the volume of metal (~2–3%) leads to a significant increase (by 3–4 times) of the total equilibrium relative area of the graphene islands on the metal’s surface. This effect is observed at high temperatures of 1800–1900 K at diffusive equilibrium between the volume and surface of a sample. This effect is related to the determining role of the perimeter of 2D graphene islands that determines the equilibrium interphase flows of carbon. Islands characterized by a drastically different area but similar total perimeters formed due to coalescence can be found on the surface. This factor also explains the temperature hysteresis of thermodynamic equilibrium processes observed in metal–graphene islands’ processes.
Влияние уширения газового ресивера на баллистические характеристики одноступенчатых установок на сжатом газе
Authors: Быков Н.В. , Шестаков И.Е.
Published: February 2020

The effect of the broadening of the gas reservoir on the exit velocity of the projectile during acceleration in the barrel by compressed gas is investigated. The simulation was carried out in the framework of quasi-one-dimensional and two-dimensional axisymmetric gas-dynamic models. Models are validated on experimental results. It is shown that the use of a wider reservoir with the same volume and initial pressure can increase efficiency by 25%. The significant effect of air compression in front of a light projectile under supersonic conditions on its speed is demonstrated. Accounting for air compression in front of the projectile was carried out using an approximate formula, which showed good results compared to the two-dimensional model. The effect of accelerating a light projectile due to the expulsion of an air column through the muzzle has been revealed.
Убегающие электроны и параметрическая неустойчивость в торсатроне Ураган-3М
Authors: Тарасов И.К. , Тарасов М.И. , Ситников Д.А. , Ольшанский В.В. , Листопад В.М. , Лымарь Н.В. , Гниденко М.В.
Published: February 2020

Приведен сравнительный анализ спектров электромагнитных флуктуаций в периферийной области ловушки Ураган-3М, а также спектров флуктуационных колебаний плотности плазмы в зоне удержания плазмы в сравнении со спектрами модуляции потока убегающих электронов. Исследована зависимость формы спектра флуктуаций от интенсивности потока убегающих электронов. Обсуждены условия удержания и нагрева плазмы в торсатроне Ураган-3М. Ключевые слова: убегающие электроны, параметрическая неустойчивость, электромагнитные флуктуации, нелинейное взаимодействие.
Латеральные неоднородности сапфировых пластин по данным рентгеновских и зондовых методов
Authors: Асадчиков В.Е. , Благов А.Е. , Буташин А.В. , Волков Ю.О. , Дерябин А.Н. , Каневский В.М. , Муслимов А.Э. , Проценко А.И. , Рощин Б.С. , Таргонский А.В. , Чуховский Ф.Н.
Published: February 2020

An R-cut sapphire wafers grown by Kyropoulos technique for fabrication
of silicon-on-sapphire structures has been examined with the use of X-
ray diffractometry, reflectometry, atomic-force microscopy and
sclerometry methods. It is found that areas of different degree of
crystal structure perfection are present even within the same wafer.
It is shown that the results obtained by four different methods, based
on different physical principles, are in good agreement and allow to
recognize the areas of imperfect structure on the wafer surface.
Implementation of comprehensive control of the quality parameters
at several points of wafer surface is justified in order to reduce
the production defects in the usage of sapphire wafers for fabrication
of semiconductor devices.
Исследование структурных и оптических свойств углеродных нановолокон
Authors: Бабаев А.А. , Зобов М.Е. , Теруков Е.И. , Ткачев С.В.
Published: February 2020

Представлены экспериментальные данные по агрегатным массивным клубкам (объемом до 1 сm-3) из углеродных нановолокон (УНВ) диаметром 35-40 nm и длиной 1000 nm. Приведены результаты исследования агрегации УНВ в микроскопическом и в макроскопическом масштабах, микрорамановской спектроскопии при различных энергиях возбуждения. Исследовано поглощение в видимой и ультрафиолетовой областях, которое позволило оценить работу выхода электронов из УНВ. Ключевые слова: углеродные нановолокна, нанотрубки, комбинационное рассеяние света, агрегация.
Высокоскоростная деформация и разрушение стали 15Х2НМФА под действием ударной нагрузки при нормальной и повышенной температурах
Authors: Канель Г.И. , Гаркушин Г.В. , Савиных А.С. , Разоренов С.В. , Атрошенко С.А.
Published: February 2020

Представлены результаты регистрации ударно-волновых явлений в стали 15Х2НМФА при комнатной температуре и 504±5oC. На основании измерений профилей скорости свободной поверхности определены зависимости сопротивления деформированию и разрушению материала от скорости деформации. Найдено, что сталь 15Х2НМФА характеризуется вдвое более высокой динамической прочностью на растяжение, чем железо, при практически равных значениях динамического предела упругости. С увеличением температуры динамический предел упругости стали падает быстрее, чем в случае железа, в то время как динамическая прочность на разрыв изменяется незначительно. Ключевые слова: корпусная сталь, ударные волны, деформация, температура, динамический предел упругости, откольная прочность.
Наноструктурированные покрытия Ni на пористом оксиде алюминия: морфология, химическая структура и катодные свойства
Authors: Валеев Р.Г. , Сташкова В.В. , Алалыкин А.С.
Published: February 2020

Due to the increased contact area with the electrolyte, nanostructured nickel coatings on the highly developed surface of porous alumina possess enhanced characteristics in cathodic hydrogen evolution reactions. This paper presents the results of studies of the morphology, electronic surface structure, and cathodic properties of such coatings obtained by magnetron sputtering. It was shown that, depending on the porous structure of the substrate, coatings of various morphologies are formed. The optimal parameters of the porous structure for obtaining coatings of hydrogen evolution with maximum efficiency are determined.
Выявление динамических закономерностей эпилептических приступов у детей методами нелинейной механики
Authors: Гиляров В.Л.
Published: February 2020

Recurrence quantification analysis and multifractal method were used for investigation of the encephalogram time series of the children with epileptic seizures. It has been shown that epileptic seizures are accompanied by the increase in determinism of the brain electric process due to neuron activity synchronization. This behavior is similar to the catastrophic behavior in nonlinear systems of different nature
Вклад тонких поглощающих слоев в спектры отражения
Authors: Михайлов А.В. , Кузьмин В.Л.
Published: February 2020

Рассмотрена задача о вкладе, обусловленном наличием тонких поверхностных слоев, в спектры отражения. Вычислены коэффициенты отражения для двух поляризаций падающего излучения с учетом анизотропии поверхностного слоя. Продемонстрирована актуальность полученных результатов для использования в современном методе инфракрасной отражательной спектроскопии поглощения (IRRAS). Решение представляет собой обобощение развитого ранее подхода, получившего широкое распространение, на случай поглощения. Ключевые слова: тонкие поверхностные слои, коэффициенты отражения, оптическая плотность.
Усиление фотолюминесценции и комбинационного рассеяния в гибридных тонкопленочных структурах a-C:H с наночастицами серебра
Authors: Коншина Е.А. , Щербинин Д.П. , Aboud M.M.
Published: February 2020

n this work, we studied changes in the spectra of optical density, photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectra of hybrid thin-film structures based on a-C: H and granular silver films before and after annealing of samples at 200 ° C. The hypsochromic shift of the main plasmon peak, the formation of double resonance spectra, and an increase in the band intensity were observed after annealing of samples with the gravimetric Ag film thickness of 10 nm. The influence of both the morphology of the nanostructure of Ag films and the features of the electronic structure of a-C: H films were observed on the plasmon enhancement of the PL and Raman spectra. For samples based on a-C:H with an optical gap Eg = 0.4 eV, a more effective PL enhancement was observed after annealing of the samples. At the same time, in the samples with Eg = 2.7 eV, the PL intensity practically did not change, remaining higher. The amplification of resonant Raman scattering was selective. It was associated with scattering by polycyclic aromatic groups predominant in the structure of the a-C: H film with a narrower optical gap.
Применение газовой экструзии для синтеза высокопрочного композита на основе алюминиевого сплава серии 5xxx, упрочненного углеродными наноструктурами
Authors: Аборкин А.В. , Сайков И.В. , Бербенцев В.Д. , Объедков А.М. , Сычев А.Е. , Алымов М.И.
Published: February 2020

Composite materials based on aluminum alloy 5xxx series, reinforced by 0.1 wt.% MWCNTs or 0.1 wt.% WC1-x/MWCNTs, were synthesized by high-energy ball milling and subsequent gas extrusion. The structural-phase composition and physical-mechanical properties of bulk composites are characterized. By comparative analysis of the results obtained with published data on the properties of composites based on aluminum alloys 5xxx series shows the prospects for the use of gas extrusion for consolidation, as well as the effectiveness of alloy strengthening by microadditives MWCNT-hybrid nanostructures.
Мощностные характеристики нитрид-галлиевых СВЧ-транзисторов на подложках кремния
Authors: Черных И.А. , Романовский С.М. , Андреев А.А. , Езубченко И.C. , Черных М.Я. , Грищенко Ю.В. , Майборода И.О. , Корнеев С.В. , Крымко М.М. , Занавескин М.Л. , Синкевич В.Ф.
Published: February 2020

In this study, nitride heterostructures were grown on silicon substrates by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition. Transistors with a 1.32-mm periphery were fabricated based on them. The saturation power of transistors at a frequency of 1 GHz amounted to 4 W and 6.3 W at a supply voltage of 30 V and 60 V, respectively. The maximum drain efficiency was 57%.
Пространственное распределение каналируемых ионов и пробеги изотопов водорода в кристаллическом кремнии и вольфраме
Authors: Мелузова Д.С. , Бабенко П.Ю. , Шергин А.П. , Зиновьев А.Н.
Published: February 2020

Ranges of H and D ions in crystalline Si and W were calculated. It is shown, that as the energy of ions increases the depth distribution of ranges splits into two components: one is connected with near-surface scattering, and the other one characterizes channeled particles. A new phenomenon was observed – a stable spatial structure of the channeled part of the beam forms after the beam passes a short distance. As the ions slow down they start to transition into adjacent channels. The spatial structure of channeled ions falls apart near the stopping point of the particles. An experiment which would connect the obtained spatial distribution with angular distribution of emitted particles is proposed.
Увеличение КПД концентраторных фотоэлектрических модулей при использовании фоконов в качестве вторичных оптических концентраторов
Authors: Давидюк Н.Ю. , Малевский Д.А. , Покровский П.В. , Потапович Н.С. , Садчиков Н.А. , Чекалин А.В.
Published: February 2020

Concentrator photovoltaic module with Fresnel lenses as primary optical elements and focons made of sheet aluminum as the secondary optical concentrators has been developed. To enhance the efficiency of conversion of solar energy into electrical the optimal focon design have been determined and the photoelectric characteristics of a module with such focons investigated. Implementation of focons in module design allowed to increase acceptance angle of the latter from ±0.45% (without focons) up to ±0.85% (with focons) and to increase the efficiency from 29% to 32.8%.
Спектры селективного излучения Al-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- : Ti-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=- при лазерно-термическом нагреве
Authors: Марченко В.М. , Казанцев С.Ю. , Киселев В.В.
Published: February 2020

The temperature dependence of the thermal radiation spectra of the Al2O3:Ti3+ single crystal in the visible and near infrared spectral regions under laser thermal heating has been experimentally investigated. It was found that the thermal spectra of Al2O3:Ti3+ in the temperature range T=330-900 K differ significantly from the spectrum of blackbody radiation and are selective with a maximum at λ≈1060 nm. Conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy of a heated single crystal Al2O3:Ti3+ was demonstrated due to the photoelectric trnsformation of selective radiation by silicon photodiodes of the receiving line of the spectrometer. The possibility of application of this effect in thermophotoelectric generators is discussed.
Чувствительность к механическим воздействиям бинарных смесей на основе нанопористого кремния
Authors: Агеев М.В. , Ведерников Ю.Н. , Зегря Г.Г. , Побережная У.М. , Попов В.К. , Савенков Г.Г.
Published: February 2020

The results of experiments to determine the sensitivity to mechanical actions (impact, friction) on copra K-44-1 and K-44-3 of binary compositions based on nanoporous silicon with different oxidizing agents are presented. Also the experimental results are compared with sensitivity data of standard initiating explosives.
Новые магнитные материалы на основе соединений RNi для криогенной техники
Authors: Чжан В.Б. , Терёшина И.С. , Курганская А.А. , Лушников С.А. , Вербецкий В.Н. , Терёшина-Хитрова Е.А.
Published: February 2020

Magnetocaloric properties of compounds Gd(Ni0.98Si0.02), Dy(Ni0.95Si0.05) and their hydrides Gd(Ni0.98Si0.02)H3, Dy(Ni0.95Si0.05)H4 were investigated in the temperature range 2 – 100K. It was found that partial substitution of Ni atoms by Si atoms, as well as subsequent hydrogenation can lead to a significant change in the Curie temperature (TC), the magnetocaloric effect, and the temperature at which the maximum MCE (Tmax) is observed. It is shown that the TC and Tmax of the hydrides are shifted by several degrees to the low temperature region with increasing or maintaining the MCE, which can significantly expand the application of such materials in cryogenic engineering.
Silent Brain Infarction: A Missed Opportunity for Prevention (Preprint)
Authors: Tsadok Meytal , Gilutz Harel , Streifler Jonathan , Benbenishty Galit , Man Nurit , Makori Arnon , Feldman Becca , Balicer Ran
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND

: Silent brain infarction (SBI) is prevalent in 10%-30% of the elderly, predicting future stroke and cryptogenic dementia. SBI may also be "administrative" due to communication errors between radiologists and caregivers.

OBJECTIVE

To study the documentation gap between a brain infarction in a computerized brain tomography (brain-CT) report and diagnosis in the Electronic medical record (EHR).

METHODS

This is a multicenter retrospective observational study, using Clalit's HMO integrated data. We studied 1,339 brain-CT unstructured data from brain-CT reports and EHRs of patients aged 50-80. Patients were categorized by the presence or absence of brain infarction in the brain CT report and then compared to the presence of stroke diagnoses in the corresponding patient EHR. We divided the patient cohort into four groups: with/without Brain infarction in the brain-CT report and with/without stroke diagnoses in the EHR.

RESULTS

Among the brain-CT reports with Brain infarction, there was a missing EHR documentation in 38.1% of cases. Missing documentation was more likely associated with the identification of lacunar infarctions (P<0.01), with inadequate documentation of other cardiovascular comorbidities and risk factors as well as lower rates of secondary prevention medication (P<0.01). Factors showing significant association with missing documentation in the EHR were a non-stroke neurological indication (P<0.001), a Brain infarction that was mentioned only in the brain-CT report text (and not in summary) (P<0.001), and lacunar infarction (P<0.009).

CONCLUSIONS

Brain infarction can be silent both clinically and administratively. The main informational barrier is most likely due to interdisciplinary miscommunication. Unstructured computerized report processing can help in closing this gap and potentially improve care.

CLINICALTRIAL

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RING-RING YANG MEMILIKI MODUL INDIGENT
Authors: Agung Mohammad , Wijayanti Indah Emilia
Published: February 2020

Diberikan modul $M$ dan $N$, $M$ dikatakan $N$-subinjketif jika untuk setiap perluasan $K$ dari $N$, setiap homomorfisma $f:N\to M$ dapat diperluas menjadi homomorfisma $g:K\to M$. Daerah subinjektifitas suatu modul $M$ merupakan koleksi seluruh modul $N$ sehingga $M$ merupakan $N$-subinjektif. Modul \textit{indigent} merupakan modul yang daerah subinjektifitasnya hanya terdiri dari modul-modul injektif saja. Pada tulisan ini dibahas mengenai beberapa sifat tentang daerah subinjektifitas suatu modul dan beberapa sifat dari modul \textit{indigent}. Diberikan pula beberapa contoh ring yang memiliki modul \textit{indigent}}.
Determination of microbial load, total Phenolic and flavonoids contents in polyherbal formulation “yograj guggulu vati”
Authors: Dutt Vimal , Srivastav Shivani , Mittal Swati , Haque Md Rafiul
Published: February 2020

Yograj guggulu vati (YGV), a polyherbal formulation is recommended for the management of diseases like arthritic, anodyne or analgesic, spasm, muscle relaxant, flatulence, digestive problem, cough, hyperglycaemia, fat burner and obesity. Though Yograj guggulu vati is widely used for the treatment of diseases in Ayurvedic System of Indian Medicine, but till date, it’s Phenolic and flavonoids contents and contamination studies have not been carried. In the present article, we evaluated the total phenolic and flavonoids contents and contamination of YGV. Total phenolic contents were evaluated by Folin Ciocalteu reagent. Aluminum chloride colorimetric method was used for the determination of total flavonoid contents. Contamination study such as microbial load was also performed. Microbial load study revealed that total bacterial counts and total fungal counts were under limits. The total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were 190.16 mg/g and 20.87 mg/ g dry extract respectively. Microbial load studies showed that the formulation has a good quality and purity. Presence of abundance phenolic and flavonoids compound indicated that YGV can be used for different biological activities.

Keywords: Microbial load, Yograj Guggulu Vati, total phenolic contents
Physostigmine: A Plant Alkaloid Isolated from Physostigma venenosum: A Review on Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacological and Toxicological Activities
Authors: Batiha Gaber El-Saber , Alkazmi Luay M. , Nadwa Eman H. , Rashwan Eman K. , Beshbishy Amany Magdy , Shaheen Hazem , Wasef Lamiaa
Published: February 2020

Medicinal plants have been documented as an important source for discovering new pharmaceutical molecules that have been used to treat serious diseases. Strikingly, previous reports stated that natural products and their derived compounds exhibit lesser side effects and improved efficacy than other synthetic counterparts. Physostigmine, a parasympathomimetic plant alkaloid isolated from the West African perennial shrub Physostigma venenosum, it shows a narrow therapeutic index and a short life span, despite its ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). It is a widely known reversible butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor and has been documented to treat various ailments such as Alzheimer’s disease. Pharmacologically, physostigmine was first reported as an antidote for atropine scopolamine and belladonna alkaloids toxicity. Recently, it has been documented as a therapy for treating several ailments including glaucoma, myasthenia gravis and the intoxication caused by tricyclic antidepressant overdoses, anti-histamines, antipsychotics, and benzodiazepines. Physostigmine has been reported to be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and showed short half-life, as, after the oral administration of 2 mg of physostigmine salicylate, the peak plasma concentration reached to 30 minutes. This review examines the biological activities, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of physostigmine extracted from P. venenosum.

Keywords: Physostigma venenosum, Physostigmine, pharmacological activities, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor.
Antidyslipidaemic and cardioprotective effects of turmeric (Curcuma longa) in rat fed a high cholesterol diet
Authors: Uchendu Ikenna Kingsley , Ekeigwe Ifeoma Blessing , Nnedu Ebuka Bitrus
Published: February 2020

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the antidyslipidaemic and cardioprotective effects of aqueous extract of Curcuma longa (AECL) in rats fed a high cholesterol diet (HCD).

Methods: Twenty (20) rats were randomly grouped into four groups: A-D of five animals per group. Groups A-C received HCD (2000mg/kg, oral) and carbimazole (60mg/kg, oral) daily for eight weeks. Group A served as negative control. Group B (positive control) was treated with atorvastatin (20mg/kg), while group C served as treatment group and received AECL (400mg/kg) daily for eight weeks. Group D served as normal control and received no treatment. After the administration, biochemical markers of Lipid profiles (total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)) were assayed using standard methods. The hearts of the rats were harvested for histopathological studies.

Results: AECL significantly induced hypolipidaemia and stabilized lipid biochemical markers (p<0.05 or p<0.01); and protected the cardiac muscle fibres from injuries.

Conclusion: Tumeric (Curcuma longa) has antidyslipidaemic and cardioprotective effects.

Keywords: antidyslipidaemia, cardioprotection, Curcuma longa, ethnopharmacology, hypercholesterolaemia, Medicinal foods, cardiomyopathy
A Comprehensive Review on Plant derived Natural products for Diabetes and its complication as nephropathyExtraction and Quantitative Estimation of Chrysophanol From Cassia tora Meal Powder by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Gangurde Subodh A , Laddha Kirti S
Published: February 2020

An isocratic reverse phase HPLC method were described to determined chrysophanol contain in cassia tora meal powder obtained during the split manufacturing process of cassia tora seed husk and germs which are used as a valuable cattle feed and poultry feed as they are quite rich in protein. The method involves methanol: water (90:10) with 0.05% Ortho-Phosphoric acid as solvent system and chromatogram detection was done on 254 nm using photodiode array detector. Chrysophanol were extracted using methanol, 70% methanol, acid hydrolysis and Oxidative hydrolysis by different concentration of the Hydrochloric acid and ferric chloride respectively. An average chrysophanol content was observed in cassia tora meal powder was 0.066 percent. In an efforts to develop an improved method for the determination of content of chrysophanol which is important marker compound in cassia tora meal and also improve method of an extraction methods. The solvents for extraction of chrysophanol from cassia tora were examined in order to increase the chrysophanol contents in cassia tora meal powder. It was found that 70% methanol, 20% HCL (v/v) and 3% FeCl3 (v/v) was capable of increasing the chrysophanol contain up to 0.099 percent.

Keywords: HPLC, Chrysophanol, Extraction, Cassia tora meal powder
Investigation of Drug Distribution Process and Pharmacy Practices on Model Pharmacy in Dhaka City, Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md. Mominur , Sherin Shafana , Jubayer Ahasanul Mahabub , Islam Fahadul , Jahan Nusrat , Rahaman Md. Saidur , Sumi Moriam Akter , Akter Khandaker Sanjida , Mukhles , , Rahman Firoza , Hossain Md Farid , Faysal Md.
Published: February 2020

Objectives: In Bangladesh, Drug distribution process is very important cause of our increasing economic and development. In the recent days Model pharmacy has become an important theme of study for the student in pharmacy. In Bangladesh the introduction of the model pharmacy practice likes other skilled and semi-skilled health professionals will certainly improve primary health care system. The aim of the study was to develop a strategy to improve the overall services of model pharmacy in Bangladesh.

Methodology: A total of 20 model pharmacies were the study subject. The study cover the model pharmacy located in Dhaka city, where each pharmacy was accounted through a questioner on random basis. The form includes their facilities, management system, drug distribution process and counseling system.

Results: Study showed that, out of 20 Pharmacists, 95% of them used Software tools for their drug dispensing system. There was a helpline system for individual, online order within a short time of delivery system, discount system and membership card. The most important significant factors are counseling by “A grade” pharmacists, patient database system, affordable price and quality of medicine.

Conclusions: If we improve those model pharmacies and if the aim is successful, then it will be spread across Bangladesh and model pharmacy will be established gradually with digitalization.

Keyword: Model pharmacy, Bangladesh, Dhaka city, Pharmacist, Drug distribution process
A Study on Appropriateness of Antibacterial Use in Acute Wards of a Teaching Hospital
Authors: Jaiswal Sanjay , Shyam Sharan , Yadav Vikas
Published: February 2020

Objective: A study to analyse the appropriateness of use of antibacterials in acute wards of a tertiary care hospital. Design: A pharmacoepidemiological research study. Intervention: Non-interventional descriptive study. Main Outcome Measure: The antibacterial prescriptions were analyzed for their adherence to or deviation from the standard national treatment guidelines. Results: There were a total of 207 patients comprising of 35 in acute medical ward, 65 in ICU, 53 in acute surgical ward and 54 in family ward, who were prescribed antibacterials. These consisted of a total of 383 prescription counts for appropriateness of AMA use. One third of the antibacterial prescriptions of inpatients surveyed were for prophylactic use followed by the treatment of respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases. The highest prescription counts were seen with carbapenems followed by nitroimidazoles, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides and penicillins. 99% of the prescriptions were appropriate for the dose used and 49.6% of the prescriptions were inappropriate for duration of use. 74.5% of the surgical prophylaxis prescriptions were used for more than 24 hours. Ceftriaxone and cefotaxime were used instead of the recommended cefazolin, for prophylaxis. High percentage of deviation was observed with prescriptions of cefotaxime and metronidazole for empirical use. No definitive use of antimicrobials for infections was observed in the ICU. Conclusion: A high percentage of appropriateness was observed for dose of antibiotic used. The main targets identified for improvement are duration of antimicrobial use, choice of drug for surgical prophylaxis and the definitive use of antimicrobial agents.

Keywords: adherence to treatment guidelines, antibiotic audit, antimicrobials.
Leaky waves in planar dielectric waveguide
Authors: Divakov Dmitriy V. , Egorov Alexandre A. , Lovetskiy Konstantin P. , Sevastianov Leonid A. , Drevitskiy Andrey S.
Published: February 2020

A new analytical and numerical solution of the electrodynamic waveguide problem for leaky modes of a planar dielectric symmetric waveguide is proposed. The conditions of leaky modes, corresponding to the Gamow-Siegert model, were used as asymptotic boundary conditions. The resulting initial-boundary problem allows the separation of variables. The emerging problem of the eigen-modes of open three-layer waveguides is formulated as the Sturm-Liouville problem with the corresponding boundary and asymptotic conditions. In the case of guided and radiation modes, the Sturm-Liouville problem is self-adjoint and the corresponding eigenvalues are real quantities for dielectric media. The search for eigenvalues and eigenfunctions corresponding to the leaky modes involves a number of difficulties: the problem for leaky modes is not self-adjoint, so the eigenvalues are complex quantities. The problem of finding eigenvalues and eigenfunctions is associated with finding the complex roots of the nonlinear dispersion equation. To solve this problem, we used the method of minimizing the zero order. An analysis of the calculated distributions of the electric field strength of the first three leaky modes is given, showing the possibilities and advantages of our approach to the study of leaky modes.
O movimento antivacina no YouTube nos tempos de pós-verdade: Educação em saúde ou desinformação?
Authors: Da Costa Bianca Barros , Viegas Daiane de Jesus , Moreira Thamyris Almeida , Abreu Paula Alvarez
Published: February 2020

Apesar dos benefícios da vacinação, movimentos antivacinação têm se espalhado pelo  mundo. Neste estudo foi feita uma análise dos vídeos sobre o movimento antivacina no YouTube, o seu impacto em visualizações e a aceitação dos usuários. Foram realizadas duas buscas em períodos diferentes e 14 vídeos se mantiveram entre os mais relevantes nas buscas. A maioria dos vídeos foi contra o movimento e nestes havia profissionais de saúde que explicaram os benefícios das vacinas, enquanto os vídeos a favor usaram argumentos sem base científica, fake news e teorias conspiratórias. Apesar de serem a minoria, os vídeos a favor do movimento tiveram milhares de visualizações e houve aumento da razão like/dislike, mostrando que muitos seguidores se identificaram com o conteúdo. Em tempos de pós-verdade é essencial entender como as mídias sociais influenciam nas decisões em saúde.
Leslie e Ofelia, meninas que ousam sair do quarto: espaço, feminilidade e corpo em Ponte para Terabítia e O labirinto do fauno
Authors: Gomes Barbosa Karina
Published: February 2020

Este artigo busca refletir acerca de representações cinematográficas que articulam o ser-menina com uma temporalidade, mas também com os espaços percorridos pelas personagens, compreendendo também como esses corpos ocupam tais espaços. Investigamos os modos pelos quais a tecnologia de gênero do cinema opera em produtos culturais que veiculam representações de meninas desafiadoras das narrativas da contenção patriarcal e de feminilidade hegemônica. Para tanto, partimos de uma análise cultural crítica das personagens Leslie e Ofelia, protagonistas dos filmes Ponte para Terabítia e O labirinto do fauno, respectivamente, cotejando os estudos feministas de inflexão culturalista, sobretudo, assim como teorias do cinema. Em ambos os filmes, o dispositivo pedagógico cinematográfico oferece lições para esses corpos que ousam ocupar espaços que não lhes pertencem.