bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LA CONCEPCIÓN DE LO BÁSICO EN LA DETERMINACIÓN DEL ÁMBITO SUBJETIVO DEL DERECHO A LA ASISTENCIA SANITARIA
Authors: DELGADO DEL RINCÓN LUIS
Published: February 2021

El presente trabajo analiza críticamente la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional sobre lo que entiende por básico en un sector concreto de la materia sanitaria: la determinación del ámbito subjetivo del derecho a la asistencia sanitaria. Para ello se examina detalladamente una sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional, la STC 134/2017, de 16 de noviembre, que se ocupa por primera vez de esa cuestión, al resolver un conflicto de competencias suscitado entre el Estado y la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco, como consecuencia de la aprobación por el Gobierno vasco del Decreto 114/2012, de 26 de junio, que amplía las prestaciones sanitarias del Sistema Vasco de Salud a personas que no están definidas como asegurados ni beneficiarios en la Ley estatal 16/2003, de 28 de mayo, de Cohesión y calidad del Sistema Nacional de Salud, modificada por el Decreto-ley 16/2012, de 20 de abril.

Lan honetan modu kritikoan aztertzen da Konstituzio Auzitegiaren jurisprudentzia, osasun esparruko sektore jakin batean oinarrizkotzat jotzen duenari dagokionez: osasun-laguntza jasotzeko eskubidearen esparrua zehaztea. Horretarako, bada, zehatz aztertzen da Konstituzio Auzitegiaren epai bat, azaroaren 16ko STC 134/2017 izenekoa. Epai horretan lehenengo aldiz jorratzen da gai hori; izan ere, Eusko Jaurlaritzak ekainaren 26ko 114/2012 Dekretua onetsi izanaren ondorioz Estatuaren eta Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoaren artean gertatu zen eskumen gatazka bat ebazten du epaiak. Dekretu horren bitartez Euskal Osasun Sistemaren prestazio sanitarioak zabaldu zitzaizkien apirilaren 20ko 16/2012 Lege Dekretuak aldatutako Nazio mailako osasun sistemaren kohesioa eta kalitateari buruzko maiatzaren 28ko 16/2003 Legean aseguratu eta onuradun gisa agertzen ez direnei.

The present work critically analyzes what the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court understands as basic in a specific sector of the sanitary matter: the determination of the subjective scope of the right to healthcare. To this end, the Constitutional Court ruling 134/2017, of November 16, which deals with this question for the first time, is examined in detail, by resolving a conflict of competences raised between the State and the Basque Autonomous Region, as a consequence of the approval by the Basque Government of Decree 114/2012, of June 26, which extends the health services of the Basque System of Health to people who are not defined as insured or beneficiaries in the State Act 16/2003, of May 28, on Cohesion and Quality of the National Health System, as amended by Decree-Law 16/2012, of April 20.
GOBERNANZA ECONÓMICA Y EROSIÓN DEL CONSTITUCIONALISMO SOCIAL. EL PILAR EUROPEO DE LOS DERECHOS SOCIALES:¿EFECTIVIDAD Y CONTENIDO MÍNIMO DE LOS DERECHOS SOCIALES FRENTE A LAS POLÍTICAS DE AUSTERIDAD?
Authors: GARCÍA VÁZQUEZ SONIA
Published: February 2021

Este artículo analiza la erosión del constitucionalismo social, el
control de los efectos de las políticas de austeridad, la defensa del contenido mínimo
y efectividad de los derechos sociales, los límites a la aplicación general del
principio de primacía del Derecho de la Unión Europea en relación con la dimensión
garantista del Derecho constitucional nacional y, en última instancia, el endeble
contenido del «Pilar Europeo de los Derechos Sociales», así como su improbable
impacto en el restablecimiento de los estándares sociales en el marco de la
UEM.

Artikulu honetan aztertzen dira konstituzionalismo sozialaren
gainbehera, austeritate politiken ondorioen kontrola, eskubide sozialen gutxieneko
edukiaren eta eraginkortasunaren defentsa, Estatu bakoitzaren Konstituzio Zuzenbidearen
eduki garantistarekin lotuta Europar Batasunaren Zuzenbidearen lehentasun-
printzipioa modu orokorrean aplikatzearen mugak eta, azkenik, «Eskubide
Sozialen Europako Oinarria» izeneko agiriaren eduki mengela, baita horrek EDBren
esparruan estandar sozialak berriz ere ezartzeko izango duen eragin urria ere.

This article aims at providing a comprehensive overview with
respect to the erosion of social constitutionalism, the control over the effects by
austerity policies, the defense of the minimum content and effectiveness of social
rights, the limits to the general application of the principle of primacy of European
Union Law in relation to the guaranteed content of national Constitutional Law,
and finally, analyses the frail content of the «European Pillar of Social Rights», as
well as its unlikely impact on the re-establishment of social standards within the
framework of the EMU.
LA VULNERACIÓN DE LOS DERECHOS FUNDAMENTALES DE LOS MENORES EN UN CONTEXTO DE VIOLENCIA DE GÉNERO: UNA REALIDAD A CONSIDERAR EN LAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS
Authors: REYES CANO PAULA
Published: February 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es cuestionar la aplicación de las posturas doctrinales y jurisprudenciales sobre el fundamento y la naturaleza jurídica del régimen de comunicaciones y estancias a contextos de la violencia de género. Se analizará cómo influyen estos discursos cualitativos, aparentemente neutros, en la construcción del interés del menor y en las resistencias a la suspensión de este derecho en escenarios de violencia de género. Comprobaremos cómo dichas posturas están definidas por intereses patriarcales, en los que predomina el derecho de los padres frente al derecho de los hijos e hijas a una vida libre de violencia, amparándose en la presunción de la necesaria relación con el padre para el desarrollo del menor.

Komunikazioen eta egonaldien araubidearen oinarriari eta izaera juridikoari buruzko doktrina jarrerak eta jarrera jurisprudentzialak genero indarkeria kasuei aplikatzea zalantzan jartzea da artikulu honen helburua. Diskurtso kualitatibo horiek, itxuraz neutroak direnek, adingabeen interesa eraikitzean eta eskubide hori eteteko erresistentzietan nolako eragina duten aztertuko da genero indarkeria kasuetan. Jarrera horiek interes patriarkalek definitzen dituztela egiaztatuko dugu. Horietan nagusi da aiten eskubidea seme-alabek indarkeriarik gabeko bizitza izateko eskubidea lehenetsiz, eta horren guztiaren oinarria adingabeek garapenerako aitarekin izan beharreko ustezko harremanaren beharra da.

This paper questions the stance in legal doctrine and case law regarding the legal foundation and nature of the regime of communications and stays in a context of gender based violence. We will analyze how such qualitative discourses, seemingly neutral, influence the construction of the minor's interest and the suspension of that right in a scenario of gender violence. We will see how that stance is defined by patriarchal interests which reinforces the father's predominant rights rather than the right of sons and daughters to a life free of violence. This approach considers that keeping contact with his/her father is required for the development of the child.
Development irrigation and agriculture in the Ferghana valley (as an example 50-70-s of the XX century)
Authors: Komilov Oybek
Published: February 2021

In the article the state of irrigation-land-reclamation of Ferghana valley in the condition of cotton monopoly in 1950-1970 is closely observed. Besides, the measures on improvement of agriculture and irrigation system by Soviet government and their results are analyzed in the article on the grounds of primary sources.
Особенности вовлечения несовершеннолетних в антисоциальное поведение: как основной фактор роста преступности
Authors: Шухрат Азим
Published: February 2021

В статье проанализированы особенности вовлечения несовершеннолетних в антисоциальное поведение и изучены основные факторы роста преступности среди несовершеннолетних. На основе результатов проведенных исследований выдвинуты научные выводы, предложения и рекомендации по совершенствованию уголовно-правовых мер борьбы с вовлечением несовершеннолетнего в антисоциальное поведение.
Modern models of social partnership in Uzbekistan
Authors: Muminov Alisher
Published: February 2021

Currently, the special importance of social partnership is acknowledged as an effective mechanism for involving the general public in participation in the socio-political, socio-economic and cultural life of the country in Uzbekistan.

In this regard, the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh.Mirziyoyev pointed out the need for consistent implementation: “the principle of mutual responsibility of citizens, the state and society, the connection of their rights and obligations.

This principle serves as the basis for effective interaction between the state and the individual, the state and civil society in solving the important tasks facing our country.

This article is devoted to the analysis of reforms aimed at the development of social partnership in Uzbekistan.
История взаимоотношений Узбекистана и Сингапура в сфере экономики (1997-2007)
Authors: Кобзева Ольга , Шакиров Ильяс
Published: February 2021

Экономическое сотрудничество является одной из важнейших направлений международных связей. В статье, на основе привлечения ранее не опубликованных архивных материалов, анализируется история взаимоотношения двух стран в сфере экономики. Исходя из прочного, взаимовыгодного и развивающегося сотрудничества Узбекистана и Сингапура, в статье основной акцент сделан на анализ динамичного сотрудничества двух стран в сфере экономики. Автором статьи установлены первые практические меры правительств двух стран в установлении экономических связей в сфере экономики, а также в хронологическом порядке исследованы основные события.
Improvement of the rules of civil law governing immovable property as objects of civil relations.
Authors: Ashurova Nargiza
Published: February 2021

This article critically analyses legislative acts concerning the legal regime of real estate of the Republic of Uzbekistan and reviews the improvement of the legal status of real estate. In particular, on the basis of the legal characteristic of immovable property, peculiar aspects of the stay (finding) of immovable property in civil circulation, the priority areas of development of the Civil Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan are moving forward (hereinafter referred to as the Civil Code).
FOREIGN POLICY OF JAPAN
Authors: Shaikh Khalil ur Rehman
Published: February 2021

In post war era, Japan emerged as a pacifist country. The constitution of Japan restrained from developing armed forces for offensive but permitted only for defensive purpose. Thus, Japan raised Self Defense Force. This posture greatly contributed in its emergence as world economic power. In post-cold war period, Japan appeared with advanced step in its foreign policy and sent its forces abroad as a part of UN Peace Keeping Force abroad. It little questioned the objective of creating SDF. 9/11 incidents changed the global politics. Japanese citizens also fall prey to it. Japan joined coalition on War on Terror and helped to fight against terrorism. In post 9/11, Japan has improved its relations with China despite territorial dispute. However, it plays its role in global political, economic, cultural and strategic areas.
Prospects and Challenges of Dynamic Bilingual Education in the Light of Pakistan’s Language Policy
Authors: Ali Ameer
Published: February 2021

This research investigates challenges and prospects of the dynamic, bilingual education in the light of Pakistan’s language policy. It guides language policymakers to adopt the dynamic, bilingual policy in Pakistan’s education system. However, the researcher revealed that most of the participants willingly favored and practiced the dynamic model of bilingual instruction, but there is no formal policy guide for them. The employment of this education model is valid and feasible in both theory and practice. Besides, readers and policymakers through this research paper would come to know that the dynamic, bilingual education improves students’ socio-cognitive, linguistic performance and functional biliteracy through translanguaging and multimodalities. The issue of monoglossic separation of languages in Pakistan is yet to be solved. Furthermore, the researcher used qualitative, empirical methodology to do analysis and employed open-ended questionnaires to collect data. The researcher used purposive sampling to collect data from sixteen respondents.  Additionally, findings show that the subtractive language policy, linguistic politics, the power elite’s monolingualism, parents’ obsession with English, and students’ negative attitudes are challenges to the dynamic, bilingual education. In contrast, Pakistan’s multi-lingual reality along with translingual practices, the use of multimodalities, students’ multi-lingual repertoire, functional biliteracy, and transcultural interaction are some of the prospects of the dynamic, bilingual education policy in Pakistan. Thus, there are both challenges and prospects of the dynamic, bilingual education policy in Pakistan.
AFTER THE DELUGE: AN ACTION NOTEBOOK FOR A RESPONSIBLE SOCIOLINGUIST
Authors: Singh Udaya Narayana
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we begin with inevitability and cyclicity of pandemic during the last two centuries. The problems seem to be coming back to us again and again through Small-pox, Tuberculosis, Plague, Influenza, HIV/AIDS, Ebola, and now COVID-19. The 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) pandemic and the Avian Influenza resulted in establishment of WHO protocols and awareness. However, as we consider the people at the Bottom of the Pyramid in developing and poor countries, the problem of survival of ethnic groups and their languages appear to be more acute. We know that 96% of India’s mother-tongues are spoken by only 4% of the population. But as India houses 3592 numerically weak mother tongues (spoken by 705 tribes or ethnic groups and 1284 castes scattered all over our rural landscape), with high degree of poverty combined with social hierarchies based on caste, religion and ethnicity, the shape of our population pyramid is relatively flat and bulging at the bottom making the problem of the survival of mother-tongues and learning in other-tongues complex. Our problem is that these ethnic groups and speakers of indigenous languages are fast losing their grip over their respective mother-tongues as they have to survive in an urban cauldron. It is this group that faced/faces the COVID-19 crisis more than anyone else, and it is this group that was seen walking back from urban centres to their villages. But those who stayed back in villages are also vulnerable to the pandemic. The effect of COVID-19 on our indigenous groups could be dangerous. After defining and describing ‘Danger’, we argue that the creativity of these indigenous language speakers is facing a grave threat. This is not only a matter of survival or production, but also an issue of printing, publishing, being read, translated, and sold. After discussing a few theoretical positions, from Ethnologue to Fishman and others, a list of tasks of Responsible Sociolinguistics is enlisted here. Then a detailed comparison is held between Biological and Linguistic Endangerment. What lessons could be learned by sociolinguists and language planners is discussed. The kind of tensions existing as real threat to survival are discussed in terms of systems theory and power-conflict theory. We argue that Linguistics should be used for healing of the wounds and injured pride of the smaller speech groups.
Pemakaian Akrolek Pada Tuturan Asertif Dalam Gelar Wicara Hitam Putih
Authors: Dia Prasasti Bawon Wiji , Mujianto Gigit
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pemakaian akrolek pada fungsi tuturan asertif presenter dan narasumber dalam gelar wicara Hitam Putih di situs daring youtube. Tujuan khusus penelitian berupa mendeskripsikan fungsi tuturan asertif presenter dan narasumber dalam acara gelar wicara Hitam Putih. Teori variasi akrolek berpegang pada teori yang dikemukakan oleh Searle dan Lonie Agustin dan Teori yang dijadikan acuan pada tuturan asertif yang dijadikan pegangan dalam penelitian ini yaitu teori Searle. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif. Sumber data penelitian adalah presenter dan narasumber. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa tuturan asertif presenter dan narasumber. Analisis data menggunakan model Alir dengan tiga tahapan kegiatan yakni, pengumpulan data, menyeleksi data, penjelasan data, dan pengambilan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan para peserta didik menggunakan fungsi asertif berupa: (1) tindak tutur asertif menyatakan, (2) tindak tutur asertif membual, (3) tindak tutur asertif menyarankan, (4) tndak tutur asertif mengeluh, dan (5) tindak tutur asertif membanggakan.
Nilai Sosial dan Makna Pemertahanan Bahasa Melayu Dialek Sambas melalui Lagu Daerah dalam Album Terigas
Authors: Djarot Muchammad
Published: February 2021

Aktivitas bersastra dalam bahasa ibu memiliki peran strategis dalam pemertahanan, pengembangan, dan pertukaran budaya antargenerasi atau antarkelompok. Aktivitas bersastra  merupakan satu fenomena sosial kemasyarakatan. Ianya tidak berdiri sendiri melainkan merupakan bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dari aktivitas lainnya. Aktivitas bersastra dapat merupakan bagian dari rangkaian upacara perkawinan, upacara kematian, upacara pengobatan, dan penanaman padi. Beberapa aktivitas bersastra  juga tergambar dalam lagu-lagu daerah. Album Terigas  merupakan kumpulan lagu daerah berbahasa Melayu yang sanggup merepresentasikan aktivitas-aktivitas tersebut. Dengan aransemen yang tepat, lagu-lagu daerah dalam Album Terigas tidak sekadar dinyanyikan dalam upacara adat, melainkan juga dalam kegiatan sehari-hari. Tulisan ini mengidentifikasi nilai-nilai sosial yang terkandung dalam lagu daerah dan identifikasi makna pemertahanan bahasa yang dimilikinya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan penekanan pada penguraian kondisi objek penelitian yang berupa lirik lagu. Hasil dari penelitian menyatakan bahwa dalam lirik lagu daerah Sambas dalam Album Terigas terdapat nilai religius, nilai etos kerja dan kerjasama, serta nilai sejarah dan budaya. Selain nilai sosial, terdapat juga makna pemertahanan bahasa melalui lagu daerah di antaranya penyadaran identitas kesukuan, pelestarian BMDS sebagai bahasa daerah, pembentuk sikap dan perilaku hidup bermasyarakat.
Economic Efficiency and Distortions to Incentives in Production of Cotton and Rice Crops in Punjab
Authors: SALAM ABDUL , TUFAIL SADIA
Published: February 2021

The study based on crop budgets, for 2010-12 crops, was, inter alia, designed to examine economic efficiency and distortions in incentives to production of cotton and basmati rice, long grain aromatic rice, crops in Punjab. The analysis has confirmed the competitiveness of their production in Punjab as farmers’ gross revenues from these crops exceeded their total costs, enabling farmers make some profit. The competitiveness, nevertheless, is sensitive to changes in prices of the produce and those of the inputs. The analysis conducted at economic prices have indicated economic efficiency and comparative advantage of Punjab in producing both basmati rice and cotton. The domestic resource cost coefficients for basmati as well as cotton were consistently less than one, confirming Punjab’s comparative advantage and economic efficiency in their farming. The estimation and analysis of nominal projection coefficients and effective protection coefficients for basmati and cotton crops have indicated implicit taxation as well as some protection to domestic producers. The results of economic efficiency and comparative advantage, of both basmati and cotton, are quite sensitive to the fluctuations and developments in world markets with spill over to the domestic market, impacting their competitiveness.
Code-Switching as a Pedagogical Tool in English as a Foreign Language (Efl) Classrooms
Authors: Mushtaq Hammad , Rabbani Rida
Published: February 2021

The study explores and analyzes the pedagogical implications of code switching between Urdu and English languages in undergraduate EFL classrooms. It examines the ways in which code switching can be employed in EFL classrooms as a teaching and learning tool to boost learning speed and understanding of the language students. The objectives of the study were achieved by carrying out a mix of qualitative and qualitative research methodologies. A sample of thirty teachers and thirty students (male and female in both cases) was taken from a Rawalpindi based university and college. Questionnaires were designed to collect data, from students and teachers, containing both open and closed-ended questions. The analysis of responses revealed that a limited, deliberate and controlled use of code-switching in EFL classrooms benefits both teachers and learners as it considerably supports the pedagogical process and boosts EFL students’ success
In Search of Exchange Rate Undershooting in Pakistan
Authors: Haq Wajiha Haq , Adil Iftikhar Hussain
Published: February 2021

Exchange rate behaviour does not follow very obvious and predicted pattern. Many attempts have been made to predict its behaviour as much as possible. This research re-examines the Dornbusch’s model of exchange rate overshooting caused by price rigidities. Dornbusch’s assumption of full employment in economy has been violated in this research which creates the possibility of exchange rate undershooting. In response to positive monetary shock, interest rate decreases and exchange rate undershoots its long run equilibrium. This research explains the dynamics of anti-intuitive exchange rate undershooting. Apart from theoretical formations of exchange rate undershooting, this research also analyses Pakistani data for exchange rate undershooting or overshooting in response to increase in money supply. Quarterly data of twenty three years for exchange rate, nominal interest rate, price, real output and money have been taken and vector autoregressive technique has been used. Evidence of exchange rate undershooting in response to positive money supply shock was found. It also gives an important insight into policy making by identifying some probable behaviour of exchange rate.
Propaganda, Patriotism, and News: Printing Discovered and Intercepted Letters In England, 1571–1600
Authors: Schneider Gary
Published: February 2021

In this article I propose that the relatively few intercepted and discovered letters printed during the reign of Elizabeth I fall chiefly into three categories: they were published as propaganda, as patriotic statement, and as news reportage. Although Elizabeth and her ministers published intercepted and discovered letters on a strictly ad hoc and contingent basis, the pamphlets and books in which these letters appear, along with associated ideological and polemical material, reveals determined uses of intercepted and discovered letters in print. Catholics likewise printed intercepted letters as propaganda to confront Elizabeth’s anti-Catholic policies through their own propaganda apparatus on the continent. Intercepted letters were also printed less frequently to encourage religious and state patriotism, while other intercepted letters were printed solely as new reportage with no overt ideological intent. Because intercepted and discovered letters, as bearers of secret information, were understood to reveal sincere intention and genuine motivation, all of the publications assessed here demonstrate that such letters not only could be used as effective tools to shape cultural perceptions, but could also be cast as persuasive written testimony, as legal proof and as documentary authentication.
Front Matter
Authors: Schneider Gary
Published: February 2021

Front Matter
Dynamic Modeling and Decision System for Smart Bin in Cities for Waste Management
Authors: Singh Rajesh , Gehlot Anita , Kaushik Mrinal
Published: February 2021

The accumulation of waste in one place for much time makes it rotten and which leads to the attraction of flies and rodents, which can harbor many of health hazardous conditions? Likewise, some have the cure as burning waste, and this is worst planned for getting rid of this problem of waste as this further it pollutes air so as living being to as we inhale it. To avoid such disastrous situations, we are going to make these smart bins named as "IoT enabled Devices for Waste Management'. These dustbins are interfaced with IOT system with MSP-EXP430G2 Launchpad using Wi-Fi and GPRS modem. Hence, the state will be updated on to the HTML page along with it we have an App it will be making this system to be user handy for everyone. The heart of this system is a Wi-Fi module and GPRS modem; essential for its real-time data updates for picking up the team to function fluently. The main aim of this project is to protect the environment, peoples as well as the proper management of resource by adequate waste management devices.
The impact of aerosol size-dependent hygroscopicity and mixing state
on the cloud condensation nuclei potential over the Northeast Atlantic
Authors: Xu Wei , Fossum Kirsten N. , Ovadnevaite Jurgita , Lin Chunshui , Huang Ru-Jin , O'Dowd Colin , Ceburnis Darius
Published: February 2021

Abstract. We present an aerosol cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) closure study over the Northeast Atlantic Ocean using six approximating methods. The CCN number concentrations (NCCN) were measured at four discrete super-saturations (SS, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 %). Concurrently, aerosol number size distribution, sub-saturation hygroscopic growth factor and bulk PM1 chemical composition were obtained at matching time resolution and after a careful data validation exercise. Method A used a constant bulk hygroscopicity parameter κ of 0.3; method B used bulk PM1 chemical composition measured by an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS); method C and D utilized a single size (165 nm) growth factor (GF) measured by humidified tandem differential mobility analyzer (HTDMA); method C utilized size-dependent GFs measured at 35, 50, 75, 110 and 165 nm; method E divided the aerosol population into three hygroscopicity modes (near-hydrophobic, more-hygroscopic and sea-salt modes) and the total CCN number in each mode was cumulatively added up; method F used the full size scale GF probability density function (GF-PDF) in the most complex approach. The studied periods included high biological activity and low biological activity seasons in clean marine and polluted continental air masses to represent and discuss the most contrasting aerosol populations. Overall, a good agreement was found between estimated and measured NCCN with a linear regression slopes ranging from 0.64 and 1.6. The temporal variability was captured very well with Pearson's R value ranging from 0.76 to 0.98 depending on the method and air mass type. We further compared the results of using different methods to quantify the impact of size-dependent hygroscopicity and mixing state and found that ignoring size-dependent hygroscopicity induced overestimation of NCCN by up to 12 %, and ignoring a mixing state induced overestimation of NCCN by up to 15 %. The error induced by assuming an internal mixing in highly polluted cases was largely eliminated by dividing the full GF-PDf into three conventional hygroscopic modes while assuming an internal mixing in clean marine aerosol did not induced significant error.
Assessing the vertical structure of Arctic aerosols using balloon-borne measurements
Authors: Creamean Jessie M. , de Boer Gijs , Telg Hagen , Mei Fan , Dexheimer Darielle , Shupe Matthew D. , Solomon Amy , McComiskey Allison
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The rapidly warming Arctic is sensitive to perturbations in the
surface energy budget, which can be caused by clouds and aerosols. However,
the interactions between clouds and aerosols are poorly quantified in the
Arctic, in part due to (1) limited observations of vertical structure of
aerosols relative to clouds and (2) ground-based observations often being
inadequate for assessing aerosol impacts on cloud formation in the
characteristically stratified Arctic atmosphere. Here, we present a novel
evaluation of Arctic aerosol vertical distributions using almost 3 years'
worth of tethered balloon system (TBS) measurements spanning multiple
seasons. The TBS was deployed at the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric
Radiation Measurement Program's facility at Oliktok Point, Alaska. Aerosols
were examined in tandem with atmospheric stability and ground-based remote
sensing of cloud macrophysical properties to specifically address the
representativeness of near-surface aerosols to those at cloud base. Based on
a statistical analysis of the TBS profiles, ground-based aerosol number
concentrations were unequal to those at cloud base 86 % of the time.
Intermittent aerosol layers were observed 63 % of the time due to poorly
mixed below-cloud environments, mostly found in the spring, causing a decoupling
of the surface from the cloud layer. A uniform distribution of aerosol below
cloud was observed only 14 % of the time due to a well-mixed below-cloud
environment, mostly during the fall. The equivalent potential temperature
profiles of the below-cloud environment reflected the aerosol profile 89 %
of the time, whereby a mixed or stratified below-cloud environment was
observed during a uniform or layered aerosol profile, respectively. In
general, a combination of aerosol sources, thermodynamic structure, and wet
removal processes from clouds and precipitation likely played a key role in
establishing observed aerosol vertical structures. Results such as these
could be used to improve future parameterizations of aerosols and their
impacts on Arctic cloud formation and radiative properties.
Use of an unmanned aircraft system to quantify NOx emissions from a natural gas boiler
Authors: Gullett Brian , Aurell Johanna , Mitchell William , Richardson Jennifer
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Aerial emission sampling of four natural gas boiler stack plumes was
conducted using an unmanned aerial system (UAS) equipped with a lightweight
sensor–sampling system (the “Kolibri”) for measurement of nitrogen oxide
(NO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and carbon
monoxide (CO). Flights (n = 22) ranged from 11 to 24 min in duration at
two different sites. The UAS was maneuvered into the plumes with the aid of
real-time CO2 telemetry to the ground operators and, at one location, a
second UAS equipped with an infrared–visible camera. Concentrations were
collected and recorded at 1 Hz. The maximum CO2, CO, NO, and NO2
concentrations in the plume measured were 10 000, 7, 27, and 1.5 ppm, respectively. Comparison of the NOx emissions between the stack
continuous emission monitoring systems and the UAS–Kolibri for three boiler
sets showed an average of 5.6 % and 3.5 % relative difference
for the run-weighted and carbon-weighted average emissions, respectively. To
our knowledge, this is the first evidence of the accuracy performance of
UAS-based emission factors against a source of known strength.
Efficient multi-angle polarimetric inversion of aerosols and ocean
color powered by a deep neural network forward model
Authors: Gao Meng , Franz Bryan A. , Knobelspiesse Kirk , Zhai Peng-Wang , Martins Vanderlei , Burton Sharon , Cairns Brian , Ferrare Richard , Gales Joel , Hasekamp Otto , Hu Yongxiang , Ibrahim Amir , McBride Brent , Puthukkudy Anin , Werdell P. Jeremy , Xu Xiaoguang
Published: February 2021

Abstract. NASA's Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) mission, scheduled for launch in the timeframe of 2023, will carry a hyperspectral Ocean Color Instrument (OCI) and two Multi-Angle Polarimeters (MAP): the UMBC Hyper-Angular Rainbow Polarimeter (HARP2) and the SRON Spectro-Polarimeter for Planetary EXploration one (SPEXone). The MAP measurements contain rich information on the microphysical properties of aerosols and hydrosols, and therefore can be used to retrieve accurate aerosol properties for complex atmosphere and ocean systems. Most polarimetric aerosol retrieval algorithms utilize vector radiative transfer models iteratively in an optimization approach, which leads to high computational costs that limit their usage in the operational processing of large data volumes acquired by the MAP imagers. In this work, we propose a deep neural network (NN) model to represent the radiative transfer simulation of coupled atmosphere and ocean systems, for applications to the HARP instrument. Through the evaluation of synthetic datasets for AirHARP (airborne version of HARP2), the NN model achieves a numerical accuracy smaller than the instrument uncertainties, with a running time of 0.01 s in a single CPU core or 1 ms in GPU. Using the NN as a forward model, we built an efficient joint aerosol and ocean color retrieval algorithm called FastMAPOL, evolved from the well-validated Multi-Angular Polarimetric Ocean coLor (MAPOL) algorithm. Retrievals of aerosol properties and water leaving signals were conducted on both the synthetic data and the AirHARP field measurements from the Aerosol Characterization from Polarimeter and Lidar (ACEPOL) campaign in 2017. From the validation with the synthetic data and the collocated High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) aerosol products, we demonstrated that the aerosol microphysical properties and water leaving signals can be retrieved efficiently and within acceptable error. The FastMAPOL algorithm can be used to operationally process the large volume of polarimetric data acquired by PACE and other future Earth observing satellite missions with similar capabilities.
Identifying Insects, Clouds, and Precipitation using Vertically Pointing
Polarimetric Radar Doppler Velocity Spectra
Authors: Williams Christopher R. , Johnson Karen L. , Giangrande Scott E. , Hardin Joseph C. , Öktem Ruşen , Romps David M.
Published: February 2021

Abstract. This study presents a method to identify and distinguish insects, clouds, and precipitation in 35 GHz (Ka-band) vertically pointing polarimetric radar Doppler velocity power spectra and then produce masks indicating the occurrence of hydrometeors (i.e., clouds or precipitation) and insects at each range gate. The polarimetric radar used in this study transmits a linear polarized wave and receives signals in collinear (CoPol) and cross-linear (XPol) polarized channels. The insect-hydrometeor discrimination method uses CoPol and XPol spectral information in two separate algorithms with their spectral results merged and then filtered into single value products at each range gate. The first algorithm discriminates between insects and clouds in the CoPol Doppler velocity power spectra based on the spectra texture, or spectra roughness, which varies due to the scattering characteristics of insects versus cloud particles. The second algorithm distinguishes insects from raindrops and ice particles by exploiting the larger Doppler velocity spectra linear depolarization ratio (LDR) produced by asymmetric insects. Since XPol power return is always less than CoPol power return for the same target (i.e., insect or hydrometeor), fewer insects and hydrometeors are detected in the LDR algorithm than the CoPol algorithm, which drives this need for a CoPol based algorithm. After performing both CoPol and LDR detection algorithms, regions of insect and hydrometeor scattering from both algorithms are combined in the Doppler velocity spectra domain and then filtered to produce a binary hydrometeor mask indicating the occurrence of cloud, raindrops, or ice particles at each range gate. Comparison with a collocated ceilometer indicates that hydrometeor mask column bottoms are within +/-100 meters of simultaneous ceilometer cloud base heights. Forty-seven (47) summer-time days were processed with the insect-hydrometeor discrimination method using U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program Ka-band zenith pointing radar observations in northern Oklahoma (USA). All datasets and images are available on public repositories.
Can terminal settling velocity and drag of natural particles in water ever be predicted accurately?
Authors: Kramer Onno J. I. , de Moel Peter J. , Raaghav Shravan K. R. , Baars Eric T. , van Vugt Wim H. , Breugem Wim-Paul , Padding Johan T. , van der Hoek Jan Peter
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Natural particles are frequently applied in drinking water treatment processes in fixed bed reactors, fluidised bed reactors, and sedimentation processes to clarify water and to concentrate solids. When particles settle, it has been found that, in terms of hydraulics, natural particles behave differently when compared to perfectly round spheres. To estimate the terminal settling velocity of single solid particles in a liquid system, a comprehensive collection of equations is available. For perfectly round spheres, the settling velocity can be calculated quite accurately. However, for naturally polydisperse non-spherical particles, experimentally measured settling velocities of individual particles show considerable spread from the calculated average values. This work aims to analyse and explain the different causes of this spread. To this end, terminal settling experiments were conducted in a quiescent fluid with particles varying in density, size, and shape. For the settling experiments, opaque and transparent spherical polydisperse and monodisperse glass beads were selected. In this study, we also examined drinking-water-related particles, like calcite pellets and crushed calcite seeding material grains, which are both applied in drinking water softening. Polydisperse calcite pellets were sieved and separated to acquire more uniformly dispersed samples. In addition, a wide variety of grains with different densities, sizes, and shapes were investigated for their terminal settling velocity and behaviour. The derived drag coefficient was compared with well-known models such as the one of Brown and Lawler (2003). A sensitivity analysis showed that the spread is caused, to a lesser extent, by variations in fluid properties, measurement errors, and wall effects. Natural variations in specific particle density, path trajectory instabilities, and distinctive multi-particle settling behaviour caused a slightly larger degree of the spread. In contrast, a greater spread is caused by variations in particle size, shape, and orientation. In terms of robust process designs and adequate process optimisation for fluidisation and sedimentation of natural granules, it is therefore crucial to take into consideration the influence of the natural variations in the settling velocity when using predictive models of round spheres.
A new merged dataset for analyzing clouds, precipitation
and atmospheric parameters based on ERA5 reanalysis
data and the measurements of TRMM PR and VIRS
Authors: Sun Lilu , Fu Yunfei
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Clouds and precipitation have vital roles in the global hydrological cycle and the radiation budget of the atmosphere–Earth system and are closely related to both the regional and global climate. Changes in the status of the atmosphere inside clouds and precipitation systems are also important, but the use of multi-source datasets is hampered by their different spatial and temporal resolutions. We merged the precipitation parameters measured by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) with the multi-channel cloud-top radiance measured by the Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS) and atmospheric parameters in the ERA5 reanalysis dataset. The merging of pixels between the precipitation parameters and multi-channel cloud-top radiance was shown to be reasonable. The 1B01-2A25 dataset of pixel-merged data (1B01-2A25-PMD) contains cloud parameters for each PR pixel. The 1B01-2A25 gridded dataset (1B01-2A25-GD) was merged spatially with the ERA5 reanalysis data. The statistical results indicate that gridding has no unacceptable influence on the parameters in the 1B01-2A25-PMD. In one orbit, the difference in the mean value of the near-surface rain rate and the signals measured by the VIRS was no more than 0.87 and the standard deviation was no more than 2.38. The 1B01-2A25-GD and ERA5 datasets were spatiotemporally collocated to establish the merged 1B01-2A25 gridded dataset (M-1B01-2A25-GD). Three case studies of typical cloud and precipitation events were analyzed to illustrate the practical use of the M-1B01-2A25-GD. This new merged gridded dataset can be used to study clouds and precipitation systems and provides a perfect opportunity for multi-source data analysis and model simulations. The data which were used in this paper are freely available at http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4458868 (Sun and Fu,2021).
Ecohydrological travel times derived from in situ stable water isotope
measurements in trees during a semi–controlled pot experiment
Authors: Mennekes David , Rinderer Michael , Seeger Stefan , Orlowski Natalie
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Recent advances in in situ measurement techniques for stable water isotopes offer new opportunities to improve the understanding of tree water uptake processes and ecohydrological travel times. In our semi–controlled experiment with 20–year–old trees of three different species (Pinus pinea, Alnus incana and Quercus suber) placed in large pots, we applied in situ probes for stable water isotope measurements to monitor the isotopic signatures of soil water and tree xylem before and after two deuterium labelled irrigations. Additional destructive sampling of soil and plant material complemented the in situ measurements and allowed for a comparison between destructive (cryogenic vacuum extraction and direct water vapour equilibration) and in situ isotope measurements. For the first labelling pulse, the tracer based travel time at a stem height of 15 cm was 0.7 days for all three tree species but at 150 cm height tracer based travel times ranged between 2.4 (for Alnus incana) and 3.3 days (for Quercus suber). The tracer based travel time from the root zone to 15 cm stem height was similar to the sap flow based travel times (i. e., for all trees 0.7 days). However, sap flow based travel times were 1.3 days (for Alnus incana) longer than tracer based travel times at 150 cm stem height. In terms of different between tree species, we found similar tracer movement in Pinus pinea and Alnus incanca while in Quercus suber tracer travel times were longer which is likely due to lower water uptake rates of Quercus suber. The comparison of destructive and in situ isotope measurement techniques suggests notable differences in the sampled water pools. In situ measurements of soil and xylem water were much more consistent between the three tree pots (on average standard deviations were by 8.4 ‰ smaller for δ2H and by 1.6 ‰ for δ18O for the in situ measurements) but also among the measurements from the same tree pot in comparison to the destructive methods (on average standard deviations were by 7.8 ‰ and 1.6 ‰ smaller for δ2H and δ18O, respectively). Our study demonstrates the potential of semi-controlled large scale pot experiments and high-frequent in situ isotope measurements for monitoring tree water uptake and ecohydrological travel times. It also shows that differences in sampling techniques or sensor types need to be considered, when comparing results of different studies and within one study using different methods.
Research on the influence of air-gap eccentricity on the temperature field of a motorized spindle
Authors: Li Xiaohu , Liu Jinyu , Li Cui , Hong Jun , Wang Dongfeng
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The air-gap state between the stator and rotor is an important indicator to measure the performance of a motorized spindle. It affects the temperature field distribution of the motorized spindle and the machining accuracy of the mechanical parts. Since the accurate thermal model
is the basis of the research on the temperature field distribution of
the motorized spindle, in this paper, firstly, the mechanical loss, electrical loss and magnetic loss of the motor under different air-gap eccentricities are calculated and the heat-generating power of an angular-contact ball bearing is
obtained based on Harries contact theory. Secondly, the thermal model of the
motorized spindle is established and the steady-state temperature field of
the motorized spindle is simulated by using ANSYS, and the influence of air-gap eccentricity on the temperature field of the motorized spindle is discussed. Finally, the circumferential temperature field distribution of the motorized
spindle with the air-gap eccentricity is verified by experiment. The results
show that the air-gap eccentricity has a significant influence on the
non-uniform temperature field of the motorized spindle.
Leveraging multi-model season-ahead streamflow forecasts to
trigger advanced flood preparedness
Authors: Keating Colin , Lee Donghoon , Bazo Juan , Block Paul
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Disaster planning has historically allocated minimal effort and finances toward advanced preparedness, however evidence supports reduced vulnerability to flood events, saving lives and money, through appropriate early actions. Among other requirements, effective early action systems necessitate the availability of high-quality forecasts to inform decision making. In this study, we evaluate the ability of statistical and physically based season-ahead prediction models to appropriately trigger flood early preparedness actions based on a 75 % or greater probability of surpassing the 80th percentile of historical seasonal streamflow for the flood-prone Marañón River and Piura River in Peru. The statistical prediction model, developed in this work, leverages the asymmetric relationship between seasonal streamflow and the ENSO phenomenon. Additionally, a multi-model (least squares combination) is also evaluated against current operational practices. The statistical and multi-model predictions demonstrate superior performance compared to the physically based model for the Marañón River by correctly triggering preparedness actions in all four historical occasions. For the Piura River, the statistical model proves superior to all other approaches, and even achieves an 86 % hit rate when the required threshold exceedance probability is reduced to 50 %, with only one false alarm. Continued efforts should focus on applying this season-ahead prediction framework to additional flood-prone locations where early actions may be warranted and current forecast capacity is limited.
Bangladesh's vulnerability to cyclonic coastal flooding
Authors: Bernard Aurélia , Long Nathalie , Becker Mélanie , Khan Jamal , Fanchette Sylvie
Published: February 2021

Abstract. In the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna delta, covering most of Bangladesh, more than 165 million people live in low-lying coasts facing major extreme climatic events, such as cyclones. This article reviews the current scientific literature publications (2007–2020) in order to define vulnerability in the context of coastal Bangladesh facing cyclonic flooding. Based on this review, a new metric, called socio-spatial vulnerability index (SSVI), is defined as function of both the probability of the cyclonic flood hazard and the sensitivity of delta inhabitants. The main result shows that the districts of Shariatpur, Chandpur and Barisal situated in the tidal floodplain of the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna delta, are in the fourth quartile, i.e. highest category. These districts are very densely populated (from 870 up to 1400 inhabitants/km2) and exposed to inundation hazards, and host a large number of vulnerability factors. Finally, the delta's mouth was identified as a very vulnerable area to cyclonic flooding.