bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DESAIN AWAL RUANG BAKAR PREMIXED UNTUK TURBIN GAS ULTRA MIKRO (TGUM) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN TEMPERATUR ADIABATIK
Authors: Al Gifari Muhamad Maris , Hartono Firman , Darmanto Prihadi Setyo , Reksowardojo Iman Kartolaksono
Published: January 2025

The need to develop ultra-micro gas turbine (TGUM) applications is getting higher, especially as a portable energy source. Many applications whose energy requirements cannot be met by current batteries but can be handled by TGUM. The energy density of kerosene is 45 times greater than that of current batteries. The development of ultra-micro gas turbines has been carried out for more than 20 years. The challenge faced in the TGUM development process was manufacturing technology, but manufacturing developments continue to advance over time, meaning that one day high-speed bearing technology may be achieved. The development of an ultra-micro gas turbine can be started from the design of the combustion chamber. The basic concept of determining the initial size of the diameter as the initial reference length is widely available and established, but this reference is only for combustion chambers with non-premixed combustion. No one has discussed the determination of the size of the premixed combustion chamber. The basis for the initial determination of the combustion chamber in this article is the determination of the adiabatic temperature, and the energy balance equation which is simplified to become Black's Principle. This method describes the relationship between the diameter of the combustion chamber, airflow dilution portion and the flame propagation speed that must be met. This method also determines the value of the equivalence ratio, and also length of combustion chamber based on SHR (Space Heating Rate) that must be taken. The results of this method when entering the condition of the combustion chamber inlet 379 K, 2.05 bar, and outlet 879 K, 1.79 bar produce a reference decision of 5 cm diameter, flame speed of 6 m/s, equivalent ratio of 0.8 and 74% cooling portion for a gas turbine mass flow rate of 85.7 g/s.
PENGARUH PARAFFIN WAX SEBAGAI LAPISAN TANKI PADA AIR CONDITIONER WATER HEATER (ACWH)
Authors: Siregar Chandra Amirsyah Putra , Siregar A M , Lubis R D W , Rudi Arya , Rosyadi Irham
Published: January 2025

Currently air conditioner (AC) has been widely developed, one of which is the development of functions into two functions, namely air conditioning and providing hot water for bathing needs. The method is to utilize the high temperature and pressure of the front coming from the compressor, which is diverted into the water tank (air conditioner water heater (ACWH). So that when it passes through the water tank, heat transfer occurs into the water itself. The problem that arises is that when the AC is not operating, there is no heat source to maintain the water temperature in the tank. So an isolation method is really needed. This research will add phase change material such as paraffin wax as a tank lining. The aim is to lengthen the heat transfer process from inside the tank to the environment. Apart from that, this research also aims to analyze the effect of adding paraffin wax as a tank layer on AC performance. This research was carried out experimentally with a test duration of 7 hours, and cooling without time limit until the water temperature in the tank approached ambient temperature. As a result, it was found that adding a layer of paraffin wax as a tank layer was able to lengthen the heat transfer process from inside the tank to the environment. The time difference found was up to 15 hours. Meanwhile, AC performance decreased compared to tank without a paraffin wax coating.
STUDI EKSPERIMEN PENINGKATAN PERPINDAHAN KALOR FLUIDA NANO CuO /AIR PADA VERTICAL HELICAL MICROFIN TUBE
Authors: Kristiawan Budi , Khoirudin Ilham , Wijayanta Agung Tri , Hadi Syamsul , Effendi Hilbran Tama Dida
Published: January 2025

The way to increase heat transfer is to use nanofluids and expand the heat transfer area. This research studied the thermal performance, convection heat change coefficient, and pressure drop in a double pipe heat exchanger experimentally in a vertically arranged helical microfin tube heat exchanger. Hot water flows on the side of the annulus. In contrast, nanofluid CuO/distilled water concentration of 0.05 vol% flows laminarly in the inner pipe of the microfin tube with cross-flow and parallel-flow arrangements. The result is convection heat transfer coefficient enhancement and thermal performance factor compared to the base fluid. Counter flow improves heat transfer better than parallel flow. This research contributes to the use of helical microfin and nanofluids to increase heat transfer in heat exchangers used in industrial processes.
ANALISIS EKSPERIMENTAL PERPINDAHAN PANAS PADA MENARA PENDINGIN TIPE PLAT DATAR BERTINGKAT
Authors: Aulia Fikri , Ahmad Syuhada  , Razali Razali
Published: January 2025

Cooling towers serve as an important tool in industrial settings to reduce heat in machines that use water and air as working media, this process involves hot water generated from the machine coming into direct contact with air resulting in a small portion of the water evaporating which then reduces its temperature. Although previous research has attempted to improve the performance of cooling towers, there is still considerable scope for further exploration in achieving optimal results. One way to improve it is to adjust and change the flow of distributing fluid media by adding the number of holes on the flat plate of the cooling tower. Based on this phenomenon, the researcher wants to examine the magnitude of the heat transfer impact on a multi-storey cooling tower using triangular perforated flat plates with varying numbers of holes. The overall height of the cooling tower is 2.4 meters, consisting of five flat plates arranged in stages with each flat plate dimension having a length of 0.7 meters and a width of 0.5 meters, having a plate area of 3.5 m² with a tilt angle of each plate arrangement on the cooling tower which is 15 °.  The number of holes in a given flat plate is 45, 55, and 65 holes, while the inlet water temperature is set at 80°C, 85°C, and 90°C. The results of this study revealed that the number of holes 65 showed a greater heat transfer effect compared to the other variations. Consequently, the number of holes significantly affects the heat transfer coefficient, thus impacting the overall performance of the multistage cooling tower.
TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF BOILER WASTE HEAT-BASED BIOMASS DRYING SYSTEM OF A COAL COFIRING POWER PLANT
Authors: Baisir Mahpudi , Surjosatyo Adi , Dafiqurrohman Hafif
Published: January 2025

This research aims to find the optimal operating pattern in a rotary dryer type biomass drying system with the heating medium from exhaust gas leaving the boiler. This heating medium is believed to provide high profits because it does not require additional energy. However, the lowest moisture may not necessarily provide maximum investment profits due to trade-offs with capital and operational costs. The research results show that the test point at a biomass inlet flow of 10 t/h, a residence time of 25 minutes, and an exhaust gas flow of 90 t/h can optimally obtain the highest three investment parameters, including USD 8,518,085.33 for NPV, 150.32% for IRR, and 0.67 years for PBP. So that it succeeds in reducing the biomass moisture from 44.57% to 10.90%. Reductions in energy output and operational duration should be avoided wherever possible because they have a significant impact on reducing profit.
Perceptions of Human Resource Practitioners on the Value of Electronic Human Resource Management: The Case of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality
Authors:   South African Association of Public Administration and Management, Chirwa Kingwell , Gwala Zakhele Handsome ,   Gauteng Department of Social Development
Published: January 2025

Using the perspectives of human resource practitioners, this study sought to determine whether the implementation of the e-HRM in the Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality increased the efficiency of the human resource practices. Manual human resource practices may be time consuming, error prone, and difficult to measure. They are further associated with time-consuming data management and analysis due to paper-based systems and spreadsheets. e-HRM enables businesses to increase organizational efficiency while saving time and effort by automating human resource procedures. The study was conducted within the theoretical lens of the Technology Acceptance Theory (TAT) which analyses the adoption factors, including external influences like COVID-19 and unique challenges like load shedding. The study applied a qualitative exploratory research design to acquire rich and descriptive information about the perceptions of human resource practitioners concerning the introduction of e-HRM. The intention of the study was not to generalise the findings to the study population. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from fifteen (15) research respondents. The study shows that human resource practitioners have a positive attitude towards the introduction of the e-HRM. In addition, E-HRM has been credited with improving the operational efficiency of human resources. The introduction of a recruitment portal has enabled the municipality to better meet the deadline for filling posts within the three months period. In addition, the municipality was able to reduce the costs associated with employee trainings by utilizing online training programs. Additionally, other respondents expressed skepticism regarding the introduction of e-HRM in the municipality. The respondents believed that the use of e-HRM would result in the loss of jobs in the long run. It is evident from the perceptions of the human resource practitioners that technological tools such as e-HRM can be used by public servants to significantly enhance human resource functions.
On the New RILEM Technical Committee TC APD: Alternative Paving Materials – Design and Performance
Authors: Cannone Falchetto Augusto , Yin Fan , Cavalli Maria Chiara , Mangiafico Salvatore , Biligiri Krishna Prapoorna , Cantot Justine , Rath Punyaslok , Singh Avishreshth , Elwardany Michael , Wang Di , Chen Chen , Grenfell James , Zhang Fan , Sun Yuxuan , Krayushkina Kateryna
Published: January 2025

This paper introduces the new RILEM Technical Committee on Alternative Paving Materials – Design and Performance (TC APD), which builds upon the foundational efforts of the former TC 279-WMR focused on the Valorisation of Waste and Secondary Materials for Roads. The TC APD aims to advance the understanding of alternative paving materials, emphasizing their design and performance as essential components of road composites. The committee addresses three areas of investigation, each dedicated to examining the current technological state of the art, the design process and the field performance of composites incorporating alternative paving materials. The manuscript provides a comprehensive overview of the TC's background, outlines the research objectives and activities proposed, and discusses the committee's position within RILEM and the broader research community. Additionally, it details the anticipated outcomes and the potential impact of the committee's work on advancing the field of sustainable road construction.
Russian firewall screening tools for secured systems
Authors: Sadykov A. M. , Yamaletdinov R. R. , Sabirova D. I.
Published: January 2025

Objective. The purpose of the work is to make the comparative analysis of the firewall tools for secure systems on the Russian market. The sharp increase in demand for products from domestic developers is associated with the need to abandon the use of foreign information security tools and transition to Russian analogues. Method. Systematization, description and analysis are used as research methods. In this work functional analysis will be carried out in relation to the following solutions: «Universal security gateway «UserGate», security complex «Continent 4», hardware and software complex «ViPNet xFirewall 5», «Firewall with Ideco UTM intrusion detection system». Result. For comparison of firewall tools the following parameters were chosen: functionality of firewalls as network equipment, as means of protection, possibility of clustering, compliance with FSTEC requirements. The analysis of firewall tools showed that the Russian market offers to users worthy analogues of foreign products. However in this solutions some functionality is missing, which indicates the insufficient maturity of the domestic market of firewalls. Conclusion. The choice decision should be dictated by the requirements of a particular organization, based on consumer requests for the functionality or stability of the firewall.
Modeling of the processes of functioning of an organizational and technical system based on Markov random processes
Authors: Zheleznyakov A. O. , Zhilin R. A.
Published: January 2025

Objective. In this paper, the main approaches to modeling the processes of functioning of the organizational and technical system, in particular the processes of maintenance and repair (MRO) of weapons, military and special equipment (VVST) by repair units of the operating organization (EO) using a mathematical model of Markov random processes, which will allow to evaluate the probabilistic characteristics of MRO processes of the VVST at carrying out activities of daily activities, which consist in carrying out work to restore the serviceability of the VST, as well as carrying out maintenance and operation of the OTS. Method. The modeling of processes is based on probabilistic models, in particular, the theory of random processes. Result. The use of a mathematical model of Markov random processes is justified. A graph of the states of the processes for maintenance and repair of VVST has been developed. A decision support system based on PTC Mathcad Prime has been implemented. The averaged generalized statistical information on the reliability of the VST was used as the initial modeling parameters in the work. Conclusion. The results obtained will make it possible to restore the serviceability and operability of the military-industrial complex both at the enterprises of the military-industrial complex and in the conditions of the operating organization without going beyond the time limits established in the regulatory and technical regulations. The considered approaches to modeling the processes of functioning of an organizational and technical system are a powerful tool for making informed and effective management decisions, they allow you to take into account many factors, conduct scenario analysis and optimize solutions, as well as use computers for more accurate and complex calculations.
Development of Electropneumatic Simulation Learning Media based on Virtual Reality for Increasing Students’ Competence Skills in Industrial Automation Engineering of Vocational School
Authors: Sugiarto Hariyadi , Hatmojo Yuwono Indro
Published: January 2025

This research and development aim to (1) know the development step of Electropneumatic simulation learning media based on Virtual Reality for increasing students’ competence skills in Industrial Automation Engineering; (2) create a proper Electropneumatic simulation learning media based on Virtual Reality for increasing students’ competence skill in Industrial Automation Engineering; (3) analyze the effectiveness level of Electropneumatic simulation learning media based on Virtual Reality for increasing students’ competence skill and response in Industrial Automation Engineering. This research and development used the ADDIE model (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluate). The effectiveness level of virtual reality media was analyzed using n-gain data from the pre-test and post-test enhancement score results. The results of this research and development are as follows: (1) the developed virtual reality media worked well after passing the functional test by using the Black Box testing method; (2) the development of the Virtual Reality learning media received an average score of 87.77% from three media experts and an average score of 88.75% from two subject matter experts. Based on these average scores, virtual reality learning media is categorized as “VERY PROPER” and can be used as a learning medium for practicum; (3) the use of Virtual Reality was effective in increasing students’ competence skills and response, based on the hypothesis testing results using a Paired Sample T-test, a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.129 0.05.The development research encountered several limitations, such as the high cost of Virtual Reality devices, students’ unfamiliarity with Virtual Reality technology causing discomfort, and the extended time required for students to become proficient in operating Virtual Reality devices.
Diagnosis of stone-related pyelonephritis activity by monitoring urine electrochemical properties and dynamics of urinary inflammatory mediator IL–8
Authors: Khotko D. N. , Khotko A. I. , Tarasenko A. I. , Popkov V. M.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy is an important minimally invasive method for treating kidney stones. It is appreciated for its low injury rate and quick recovery. However, one of the most serious complications that can occur after this procedure is calculous pyelonephritis. The timing and safe removal of nephrostomy drainage in the postoperative period remain a significant concern for urologists.

   Objective. To determine the possibility of using joulemetry and monitoring urinary IL-8 levels to diagnose stone-related pyelonephritis activity following percutaneous nephrolithotripsy.

   Materials & methods. The study involved 220 patients with kidney stones who had percutaneous nephrolithotripsy at the SSMU Urology Clinic in 2022 – 2023. The patients were aged between 25 and 65 years, including 135 women (61.3 %) and 85 men (38.7 %). The control group consisted of 30 healthy people aged 24 to 67 years: 18 women (60 %) and 12 men (40 %). After surgery, electrochemical urine examination using the joulemetric method according to a patented technique was performed for patients with stone-related pyelonephritis and for those in the control group.

   Results. When analysing the urine IL-8 level, leukocyturia in the urine test, and the current operation based on joulemetry data, we observe a significant increase in all studied parameters on day 1 compared to the control group (p > 0.05). The values of the studied indicators reach their peak range by day 3 and return to those of the control group by day 5. At the same time, even if there is no leukocyturia on day three, the values of the current parameter and the urine IL-8 level remain elevated in most patients.

   Conclusion. Joulemetry helps to diagnose the activity of stone-related pyelonephritis in the postoperative period. This is confirmed by general clinical examinations and the determination of urine IL-8 as a marker of inflammation. Using this method allows optimising the timing of drainage removal after surgery.
Sexual dysfunction following low-dose-rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Anosov A. D. , Efremov M. E. , Medvedev V. L. , Kogan M. I.
Published: January 2025

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevalent forms of male malignancies globally, ranking second in terms of incidence and sixth in terms of mortality. Low-dose-rate brachytherapy (LDRT) represents a treatment modality for PCa, involving the implantation of permanent radioactive sources into the prostate tissue. The isotopes predominantly utilised are I–125 and Pd–103. LDRT demonstrates high rates of biochemical and clinical relapse-free survival, with cancer-specific and overall survival rates comparable to those achieved through radical prostatectomy. Despite the advantages associated with LDRT, evidence has accumulated regarding the potential complications accompanying this treatment approach, including sexual dysfunction and erectile dysfunction. Sexual satisfaction constitutes a critical concern for men undergoing PCa treatment. It is essential that both the patient and the healthcare provider prioritise not only erectile function but also the preservation of sexuality in its entirety.

   The present study endeavours to evaluate the accumulated material on the topic of diagnosing and treating sexual dysfunctions following low-dose-rate brachytherapy (LDRT).

   The analysis encompassed articles by foreign and domestic authors published between 2014 and 2024, as well as fundamental articles and literature dating back earlier. These works were devoted to sexual dysfunction, assessment, and rehabilitation of sexual function in patients with PCa who underwent LDRT. Our review confirmed the existing necessity for a detailed study of rational methods for diagnosing sexual dysfunctions prior to selecting a treatment method, as well as the possible prevention of disorders after LDRT. It is also essential to develop sexual and penile rehabilitation strategies following LDRT for PCa, which is currently widely employed.
Sleep disorders and testosterone deficiency in men
Authors: Khripun I. A. , Beliaeva E. V.
Published: January 2025

Healthy sleep is essential for human health. It performs important biological functions and positively affects health and longevity through the metabolic and endocrine systems. Sleep disorders are serious clinical conditions that can reduce life expectancy and quality of life. Sleep deprivation, circadian rhythm disruption, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome are widespread in modern society and can accumulate over time. The adverse cardiometabolic and reproductive consequences of insufficient sleep are becoming increasingly evident. In men, persistent sleep deprivation and sleep disorders can lead to several health problems, including hypogonadism. This is because testosterone levels increase during sleep and peak during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Consequently, persistent disruptions in sleep architecture and loss of sleep can lead to a decrease in male sex hormone levels. On the other hand, low testosterone levels can worsen sleep quality and efficiency and lead to nighttime awakenings. This article reviews and discusses the relationship between sleep disturbances and testosterone deficiency, as well as methods for correcting these conditions.
Novel In-Situ Synthesis Techniques for Cellulose-Graphene Hybrids: Enhancing Electrical Conductivity for Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Ramezani Ghazaleh , van de Ven Theo G. M. , Stiharu Ion
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the hypothesis that diverse synthesis techniques can yield cellulose-graphene hybrids with tailored properties for specific applications, enabling advancements in flexible electronics, energy storage, environmental remediation, and biomedical devices. We examined and compared multiple synthesis methods, including chemical reduction, in-situ synthesis, green synthesis using natural reducing agents, solvent-assisted approaches, hydrothermal and solvothermal techniques, mechanical and chemical treatments, and electrochemical exfoliation. Each method was assessed for its impact on material properties, scalability, and environmental footprint. Chemical reduction and in-situ synthesis resulted in uniform graphene dispersion and superior electrical conductivity, with the I(D)/I(G) ratio in Raman spectra indicating successful reduction of graphene oxide (GO) to reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Green synthesis, particularly using cow urine as a reducing agent, provided an eco-friendly alternative, leveraging its natural constituents to reduce GO to rGO while minimizing environmental impact. Mechanical and chemical treatments effectively prepared cellulose microfibers for compatibility with graphene, enhancing interfacial interactions and stress transfer in the resulting composites. Solvent-assisted techniques allowed precise tuning of composite properties through the selection of appropriate solvents and processing conditions. Hydrothermal and solvothermal methods produced hybrids with high purity and uniformity under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, facilitating the reduction of GO to rGO and promoting strong bonding between cellulose and graphene. Electrochemical exfoliation generated high-quality graphene with controlled characteristics, allowing it to produce graphene with fewer defects compared to other methods. Findings reveal that cellulose-graphene hybrids synthesized using these methods exhibit significant improvements in thermal stability, electrical conductivity, and mechanical strength. For instance, even low rGO additions (3 wt%) surpassed the percolation threshold, resulting in electrical conductivity of 1.9 × 10-5 S cm-1 for cellulose/rGO (8 wt%) aerogels. These enhanced properties underscore the importance of carefully selecting synthesis techniques to optimize material characteristics for target applications. The research provides a comprehensive understanding of synthesis-method-property relationships, offering valuable insights for the development of advanced cellulose-graphene hybrid materials and highlighting their transformative potential across various high-impact fields, including flexible electronics, energy storage devices, environmental remediation systems, and biomedical applications.
Exploring Barriers to Patients’ Progression in the Cardiac Rehabilitation Journey From Health Care Providers’ Perspectives: Qualitative Study
Authors: Ramesh Shri Harini , Jull Darwin , Fournier Hélène , Rajabiyazdi Fateme
Published: January 2025

Background

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of mortality globally. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs are crucial for patients recovering from cardiac events, as they help reduce the risk of recurrent events and support patient recovery. The patient’s journey in CR spans the stages before, during, and after the program. Patients have to progress through each stage of CR programs successfully to complete the entire CR journey and get the full benefits of CR programs, but numerous barriers within this journey can hinder patient progression.

Objective

This study aims to explore the barriers to progression at all stages of the CR patient journey from the perspectives of health care providers involved in CR care.

Methods

This qualitative study involved semistructured interviews with health care providers involved in CR care from July 2023 to January 2024. A purposive maximal variation sampling method was used to target providers with diverse demographics and specialties. Snowball sampling was used to recruit participants, leveraging the existing networks of participants. Each interview lasted between 30 and 45 minutes. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis approach. Data analysis was conducted from August 2023 to February 2024.

Results

Ten health care providers, comprising 7 females and 3 males, were interviewed. Their roles included physician, program director, nurse manager, clinical manager, nurse coordinator, nurse, physiotherapist, and kinesiologist. The analysis identified four overarching themes related to barriers to progression in the CR journey: (1) patients not being referred to CR programs, (2) patients not enrolling in CR programs, (3) patients dropping out of CR programs, and (4) patients’ lack of adherence to lifestyle changes post-CR programs.

Conclusions

In light of the growing interest in technological interventions in CR programs, we proposed 4 potential technological solutions to address the barriers to progression identified in our analysis. These solutions aim to provide a foundation for future research to guide the development of effective technologies and enhance patient progression within the CR journey.
Online survey of healthcare professionals on the use of digital technology in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in Austria (Preprint)
Authors: Lunz Luisa , Würth Sabine , Kulnik Stefan Tino
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Advances in digital technology (DT), such as health apps and telerehabilitation systems, offer promising treatment modalities in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the successful adoption of DT in clinical practice depends on a variety of factors. A comprehensive understanding of the influencing factors on DT usage in healthcare can support the complex implementation process of DT in clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE

This study therefore to identify barriers and facilitators of DT usage in CVD secondary prevention from the perspective of healthcare professionals (HCPs), and to explore whether certain HCP characteristics are related to the current usage of DT in clinical practice.

METHODS

An online survey questionnaire, inquiring about the perspectives and uses of DTs in CVD secondary prevention, was deployed among Austrian HCPs from November 2021 to February 2022.

RESULTS

Overall, 125 HCPs across different professions and settings, such as cardiac rehabilitation, were recruited. General readiness for employing DTs in the care of cardiac patients was high, but only 65 (52%) respondents reported doing so. The top-3 rated barriers to DT use were poor user-experience of devices/applications, lack of cost coverage and low digital competence of patients. More personal use of DT, younger age and higher technology affinity of HCPs indicated higher readiness to use DT with cardiac patients.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings provide an overview of the current use of DT in the secondary prevention of CVD in Austria. HCPs’ perspectives on barriers to DT use may inform the design and implementation of future digitalization projects.

CLINICALTRIAL

Not applicable
Development of a Cohesive Predictive Model for Substance Use Disorder Rehabilitation Using Passive Digital Biomarkers, Psychological Assessments, and Automated Facial Emotion Recognition (Preprint)
Authors: Garzón-Partida Andrea P. , Magaña-Plascencia Kimberly , Martínez-Fernández Diana Emilia , García-Estrada Joaquín , Luquin Sonia , Fernández-Quezada David
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Substance Use Disorder (SUD) involves excessive substance consumption and persistent reward-seeking behaviors, leading to serious physical, cognitive, and social consequences. This disorder is a global health crisis tied to increased mortality, unemployment, and reduced quality of life. Altered brain connectivity, circadian rhythms, and dopaminergic pathways contribute to sleep disorders, anxiety, and stress, which worsen SUD severity and relapse. Factors like trauma and socioeconomic disadvantages heighten risk. Digital health technologies, including wearables and machine learning, show promise for diagnosis, monitoring, and intervention, from relapse prediction to early detection of comorbidities. With high relapse rates and younger patient cases, these innovations could enhance treatment outcomes of SUD.

OBJECTIVE

Develop and validate a predictive model with Machine Learning for the duration of a therapy and the rehabilitation or relapse in patients with SUD, using digital physiological measurements, psychological profile, automatic facial emotion recognition and the emotional state during craving.

METHODS

the study will be conducted with adult male patients with SUD at a rehabilitation center and control volunteers. Participants will undergo demographic, psychological and craving assessment, and will also be monitored using a smartwatch for eighteen or six months respectively. All participants will be reassessed at the sixth month of monitoring. The collected data will be then used to train models with a neural network, which will then be validated against other models and compared with other algorithms. Demographic, psychological, digital biomarkers and craving profiles will be created, correlations will be analyzed, and they will be compared with controls, to generate a digital phenotype of SUD. When the model achieves an adequate validity (AUC=≥0.80) a graphic user interface will then be designed for clinical use.

RESULTS

The integration of accessible wearables, routine recovery data, and emotional state assessments could enhance SUD rehabilitation by enabling personalized treatment and reducing relapse risks. This approach, leveraging affordable technology, addresses global public health challenges and supports social reintegration, particularly for economically vulnerable populations.

CONCLUSIONS

Accessible and affordable wearables, like commercial smartwatches, combined with psychologic, demographic and emotional state data, used with a machine learning predictive model, may be able to be used as tools to enhance SUD rehabilitation and preventing relapse.
Incidence of avascular necrosis in patients with sickle cell anemia received hydroxyurea and blood transfusion: a comparative study
Authors: Khudhair Asmaa Hassan , Majeed Zahraa Mohammed , Hadi Ghassan Hatif , Al-Madany Talib Abdul-Jaleel , Nasrawi Alaa Jumaah Manji
Published: January 2025

Background. Sickle cell anemia is the most common hereditary disease recognized as a priority public health problem. Vaso-occlusive crises, particularly avascular necrosis (AVN), are one of its serious complications; early detection and proper treatment of AVN prevent or reduce its worse progression. The purpose of the study: to compare the incidence rates of avascular necrosis in pediatric patients with sickle cell anemia who received hydroxyurea and blood transfusions. Materials and methods. A prospective comparative study was conducted at Al Zahra Teaching Hospital in Al Najaf from November 2022 to October 2023, and included 43 patients who received hydroxyurea and 70 people on blood transfusion. Avascular necrosis was confirmed by X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging, and it was staged according to the Steinberg staging system. Results. The incidence of AVN was 28.3 %, and it was significantly lower in the hydroxyurea than in the blood transfusion group (16.3 vs. 35.7 %). The relative risk was 0.456, indicating a likely protective effect of hydroxyurea against AVN. A significant association was found between the incidence of AVN and advancing age (P < 0.05). Neither incidence nor staging of AVN shows a significant association with gender (P > 0.05). Conclusions. A lower incidence rate and less severe AVN were reported in patients who received hydroxyurea than in those on blood transfusion. AVN was significantly associated with advancing age but was not affected by the gender of patients.
Helicobacter pylori in children: modern aspects of diagnosis and treatment in the light of the latest international recommendations
Authors: Nesina I.M. , Kryuchko T.O. , Poda O.A. , Bubyr L.M. , Tkachenko O.Ya. , Lytus S.I.
Published: January 2025

Despite the development of modern medical science, the problem of Helicobacter pylori and Helicobacter pylori-associated diseases has remained relevant in recent decades. Current research is focused on studying the role of Helicobacter pylori in the etiology and pathogenesis of various diseases and the search for optimal schemes of eradication therapy. The issues of diagnosis and treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in childhood are the most controversial at the present stage. Therefore, the purpose of our work was to review and evaluate new approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of Helicobacter pylori, which are published in the Updated joint ESPGHAN/NASPGHAN guidelines for management of Helicobacter pylori infection in children and adolescents (2023). The unsatisfactory results of classical eradication therapy schemes, growing antibiotic resistance, and the ever-changing prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in children are the factors that formed the basis of the decision to update the guidelines of the European and North American Societies for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. The change in views and positions in line with the evidence-based medicine set out in the Maastricht VI Consensus was the basis for the revision of the recommendations for children, which were formulated and published in the Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition in May 2024. The updated consensus contains recommendations that are supported by scientific evidence and those remained unchanged, including: gastric or duodenal ulcer is still a clear and unambiguous indication for Helicobacter pylori eradication, children with functional illnesses should not be screened for Helicobacter pylori. The experts also reviewed a number of provisions and made changes to the diagnosis and treatment of Helicobacter pylori, namely testing for Helicobacter pylori is not recommended when determining the causes of chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura and in the initial examination of patients with iron deficiency anaemia and short stature; invasive testing for Helicobacter pylori in inflammatory bowel diseases, celiac disease and eosinophilic esophagitis is not indicated as well. When prescribing treatment, sensitivity to antibacterial drugs should be considered, and if it cannot be determined, regimens with clarithromycin to be avoided. The review of the updated guidelines is aimed at familiarising practitioners with the principles of quality practice at the European level and improving the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment of Helicobacter pylori in children, taking into account regional opportunities.
Clinical consequences of psychoemotional stress in adolescence
Authors: Strashok L.A. , Rak L.I. , Yeshchenko A.V. , Kashina-Yarmak V.L. , Zavelya E.M. , Isakova M.Yu.
Published: January 2025

The problem of stress-induced health disorders has become increasingly important during the military conflict in Ukraine. Adolescence is characterized by significant challenges for the body due to intense anatomical, physiological, neuroendocrine, and psychological changes. Increased sensitivity to the effects of stressors, in particular due to the maturation of stress-sensitive parts of the brain and related changes in hormonal responsiveness, is typical of adolescents. Stress caused by war-related factors is becoming chronic in Ukrainian children and adolescents. It can lead to disruption of body functions and adaptive capacities, formation or exacerbation of organic pathology. The article analyzes the data of modern scientific literature on clinical manifestations of acute and chronic stress in adolescents. Particular attention is paid to somatic changes in children and adolescents that are induced by chronic stress or observed against its background. Disorders of physical development, skin and musculoskeletal system functioning, peculiarities of the course of certain diseases of the bronchopulmonary system are described. Attention is focused on the formation of cardiovascular pathology, including life-threatening conditions, on disorders of various parts of the gastrointestinal tract and the gut microbiome, changes in kidney and urinary system function. The article provides up-to-date information on the manifestations of endocrine diseases, disorders of autonomic regulation and immune homeostasis under the influence of psychoemotional stress. The results of our own research on the frequency and nature of clinical manifestations in adolescents who lived in the war zone or became internally displaced people, as well as the presence of an imbalance of stress-supplying systems in adolescents during the war are presented. The features of the perception of pain and signs of disease in the conditions of chronic stress are determined, in particular, a decrease in the fixation of attention on personal somatic sensations in children who were constantly in the combat zone and witnessed shelling. Psychoemotional stress experienced in adolescence can have long-term significant consequences in the form of persistent changes in the functioning of various organs and systems of the growing organism, as well as diseases in later life.
Research on Blended Teaching Mode of Engineering Economy Based On OBE Concept
Authors: Liu Xiaoyi , Zhuang Yunjiao , Miao Qixiang
Published: January 2025

The blended learning model focuses on the organic combination of online and offline teaching overcoming the drawbacks of traditional teaching models that only focus on teaching. This paper explains the blended learning models based on the goal of efficient classroom and student-centered teaching. Based on the OBE concept, this paper elaborates on the ideas and measures of curriculum construction from the aspects of setting teaching objectives, optimizing teaching content, innovating teaching modes, and improving evaluation methods. This research can be applied to other professional courses in universities, providing reference for university teachers to carry out blended teaching reform.
The Integration of Traditional Channels with Emerging Marketing Channels, Taking Samsung as an Example
Authors: Wang Luyi , Zhang Qiusheng
Published: January 2025

This article analyzes the characteristics and pros and cons of traditional and emerging marketing communication channels, such as the wide reach of traditional channels and the strong interactivity of new digital channels. Methods to improve efficiency include precise targeting, multi-channel integration, data-driven optimization, and content innovation. Taking Samsung as an example, through precise targeting of the consumer group, integration of online and offline channels, using data to optimize promotion strategies, and combining innovative content, the company successfully shaped its brand image and expanded its market share. The purpose of this article is to provide a reference for companies to efficiently use marketing communication channels in the international market.
Professional Culture of Lecturers in the Face of Managerialism: The Case of South Russian Universities
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Kovalev Vitaly V. , Dyatlov Alexander V. ,   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation)
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Classical universities had been created and functioned for centuries as a social institution of culture reproduction. The role of lecturers in the process used to be a leading one. In order to successfully fulfill the mission, a professional culture of the teaching community would take shape within universities, and the former’s preservation was to guarantee the social usefulness of higher education. Managerialist reforms have dramatically changed the internal characteristics of universities and resulted in that target points were shifted from science, education and upbringing — towards the integration into commercial values of market institutions. This has had negative impacts on the teaching community’s ability to maintain and transfer its professional culture to new generations of lecturers. Goals. The paper seeks to reveal the relationship between the managerialist agenda and the deformation of lecturers’ professional culture, which further leads to aggravated asymmetries between the center and regions. Materials and methods. The study focuses on two sources of data — an opinion poll and documents. The opinion poll was conducted in seven regions of South Russia (Krasnodar Krai, Astrakhan Oblast, Stavropol Krai, Kalmykia, Rostov Oblast, Crimea and Sevastopol) and involved a total of 951 lecturers from nine universities. Federal laws, government decrees and orders of the Russian Ministry of Education and Science have been used to explore the regulatory framework of managerialism. Certain statistical data found on the official website of Rosstat prove most instrumental in clarifying some aspects of how managerialism influences lecturers’ professional culture. Results. The work resumes managerialism does destroy the examined professional culture. The teaching personnel have to develop goals and a value system alien to their activity, which entails that participation in paid publications, extramural conferences, publications in ‘rubbish’ journals, grade inflation, false authorship, falsification of empirical data, plagiarism and other negative phenomena become the norm. Conclusions. The deformation arises from the lack of resources to achieve managerialist goals and the loss of academic community’s subjectivity, which makes lecturers indifferent to the destruction of their own professional culture. Finally, the meager resource basis leads to an increase in imitational practices throughout professional activities, which entails further asymmetries between the center and peripheries.
Tsoros, Choros, Baɣatud: Discussing Origins of the Tsoros (With Evidence from C2-F1067 Y-STR Haplotypes of Kalmyks). Part 1: The Dorbet
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Dzhagrunov Sanal V. , Buluktaev Aleksey A. ,   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation)
Published: January 2025

Introduction. The work provides further insights — with the aid of contemporary scientific tools — into origins of different Oirat (Kalmyk) patrilineages historically associated with most influential clans and tribes. Goals. The study attempts an analysis of the Y-chromosomal subclade С2-F1067 among Kalmyks and conclude as to ethnohistorical roots of the latter among Oirats (and related groups), in particular with due regard of its traced connection to the nobility clan Tsoros (Choros). Part 1 shall examine identified samples of the ‘Tsoros’ subclade С2-F1067 (DYS385=11-11) among Kalmyk Dorbets with reference to the newly introduced ethnographic data. Materials and methods. The paper analyzes a total of 62 STR-haplotypes of the specified subclade identified with the aid of Yfiler® Plus PCR Amplification Kit, Yfiler® PCR Amplification Kit, and COrDIS Ystr. Results. The study reveals bearers of the subclade are largely representatives of Dorbet clans with the onymic element ‘Tsoros’, as well as ones attesting to their aristocratic roots, such as ‘säädüd’ (Kalm. сәәдүд ‘best, noble ones’), ‘zääsngüd’ (зəəсң ʻnoblemanʼ), ‘noinakhn’ (нойн ʻprinceʼ). Certain variants of Y-STR-haplotypes inherent specifically to the Tugtun and the Buurul Dorbets have been outlined, which attests to these are older clan associations as compared to the Shabinar and the Abganar. The Zün prove to be an association somewhat free from the Tsoros within the Dorbet, and may claim to have been the original Dorbet (Dörbän) among initial medieval Oirat groups. We also find evidence confirming messages about patrilineal kinship between the nobility of the Abganar, Tugtun, and Buurul. Finally, with due account of preceding research endeavors in this field the paper resumes the ‘Mongol’ Y-chromosomal subclade C2-F1067 with DYS385=11-11 be associated with the Oirat clan Tsoros (Choros).
Hacia una nueva organización regional del país: recuperar una planeación territorial activa
Authors: Delgadillo Macías Javier
Published: January 2025

El proceso electoral de 2024 tendrá como resultado la elección de la primera presidenta de México. En caso de resultar vencedora la candidata Claudia Sheinbaum, se dará también la posibilidad de continuar con los cambios iniciados con el Gobierno de la Cuarta Transformación. En esta ruta de cambios positivos se sitúan las acciones diversas que han aumentado en los niveles regionales y en muchas de las entidades federativas, cambios que poco a poco muestran un mapa de integración regional menos desigual. Las siguientes reflexiones tienen relación con esta coyuntura electoral y se sitúan en el ámbito de la política regional. Se señalan aspectos sobre la persistencia de la desigualdad territorial y el interés consiste en resaltar líneas de actuación que el nuevo Gobierno debería seguir para recuperar una planeación territorial activa que permita reducir las constantes desigualdades económicas y sociales en la organización territorial.