bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Airports as a catalyst for regional labor market development and employment growth in the opinion of their stakeholders
Authors: Wilczyńska-Strawa Agnieszka Aleksandra , Sirko Stanisław , Piotrowska-Trybull Marzena
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Surveys were carried out in 2021, 2022 and 2023 to determine how residents of municipalities, representatives of municipal authorities and airport representatives, perceive the impact of the airport on the socio-economic situation of the municipality in which they are located, including the labor market.

Material and methods

In the course of the research, data on the operation of airports, municipalities and strategic documents of municipalities were analyzed and survey research was carried out using questionnaire and interview techniques.

Results

The research focused on 10 airports located in Poland. A total of 1,200 surveys were conducted among residents of municipalities, 10 interviews with local government and port officials (2021-2022) and 7 interviews with airport officials (2023). To analyze the collected data and present the results, Statistica v.13.3 and R/RStudio software were used. Airports are seen as a catalyst for the development of the regional labour market and employment growth in the opinion of their stakeholders. The perception of the impact of the airport in the opinion of their stakeholders depended on the size of the airport, its location in the municipality, the nature of the municipality and the level of education of the municipalities residents participating in the survey.

Conclusions

Airports, by combining air transport with other modes of transport, fuel local and regional development. Airports are home to institutions and companies that offer employment to workers in various fields. They also attract investors and positively influence the image of the region, contributing to the establishment of companies and the development of tourism, which also leads to job creation.
The application of OpenAI Technology in Marketing Activities - A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Wiśniewska Joanna , Matysik Sebastian
Published: December 2024

Objectives

This article aims to assess empirical research papers on the application of OpenAI technology in marketing activities, with the goal of organizing current knowledge in this domain. To achieve this objective, the following questions were addressed:
1. Is there scientific interest in the application of OpenAI technology in marketing activities, and is it extensively discussed in researching works ?
2. What kinds and directions of the empirical researching works on this problem have been taken so far ?

Material and methods

A study of the popularity of OpenAI in marketing was conducted using Google Trends tools, while a systematic literature review based on Web of Science, Scopus and Elsevier Science Direct databases was conducted using Google Sheets and VOSviewer tools.

Results

The review highlights the insufficient attention given to application of OpenAI in marketing activities, despite the global interest and growing number of publications concernig that technology. An analysis of citations and co-citations found that the articles examined , although diverse in terms of subject matter and place of publication, had minimal impact on the observed research field.

Conclusions

The literature review reveals limited exploration of OpenAI technology in marketing activities despite growing interest. While publications vary widely in focus and venue, there is little evidence of significant impact on the research field. Existing literature offers fragmented insights and lacks comprehensive coverage of empirical studies, particularly in marketing. Further research is necessary to investigate specific applications like content creation, customer communication, brand enhancement, and market analysis.
You want peace ? Get ready for war...in cyberspace
Authors: Witkowski Zbigniew
Published: December 2024

Objectives

A phenomenon is emerging in relations between states that is the opposite of a declaration of war, i.e. the phenomenon of 'unspeakable war', which, according to US experts, may even lead to a so-called 'electronic Pearl Harbour'. This is because a cyber attack can ultimately take the form of... cyber warfare. In the past 20-25 years alone, we have been confronted with a situation we had not anticipated: that "destructive and disruptive actions are taking place above our heads", that cyber warfare is almost universal and at the same time invisible, because conventional weapons are not used.

Material and methods

The research was carried out using dogmatic-legal, historical and comparative legal methods.

Results

There seem to be sufficient reasons prompting the creation and harmonisation of national and international legal norms in the sphere of war. Remaining in international law and domestic constitutional law in the blissful conviction of the legitimacy of persisting in a sphere of terminology that excludes or weakens at least the meaningfulness of the concept of "war" and abrogating it in favour of a softer-sounding concept of, for example, a "state of defence" and in the need to emphasise one's entirely peaceful attitude in international relations, ceases to have its hitherto undisputed justification.

Conclusions

To be precise, the impact (attacks) on the adversary affects its : defence systems, infrastructure (including so-called critical infrastructure), society, key state institutions and political elites. If such targets are targeted through the Internet, computers and other means of storing and distributing information to attack the information systems of the victim state, it is reasonable to call such actions cyber warfare, or cyber warfare.
Postmaterialism in Innovation and Religious Faith
Authors: Wojnicka-Sycz Elżbieta
Published: December 2024

Objectives

The postmaterialist paradigm in science is reflected in innovation research. It implies a shift of attention towards the intangible needs of people and the goals of sustainable development, rather than profit and economic growth as the goals of innovation. It reflects Catholic social teaching with its emphasis on social and environmental issues. In the article I explore if the Christian religion is conducive to post-materialist attitudes, and if post-materialism is more prevalent among people more involved in innovative activities in the workplace and in more innovative countries.

Material and methods

Worlds Value Survey and OECD data were analyzed to explore the relationship between postmaterialism, religious belief, and innovation. The methods used were contingency tables and tests of significance for differences in proportions, and logit models

Results

The results show that Christian religion is associated with postmaterialist attitudes and work connected with innovation processes. However, postmaterialism also appears to replace religion for atheists, which reflects the human need for spirituality and ethics.

Conclusions

The results show that there is a social background in more developed countries to the transformation toward a postmaterialist innovation ecosystem, including not only business innovation, but also non-profit innovation. Postmaterialist innovation aims not only for individual material well-being, but also for a higher quality of life for entire societies. It is also in line with Catholic social teaching.
The status of the Prime Minister in the sphere of security
Authors: Karpiuk Mirosław , Klimek Marek
Published: December 2024

Cel pracy

Celem artykułu jest przeprowadzenie analizy przepisów prawnych, które określają status Prezesa Rady Ministrów, zarówno w sferze bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego państwa, jak i bezpieczeństwa zewnętrznego, jak też scharakteryzowanie i usystematyzowanie jego zadań i kompetencji dotyczących przeciwdziałania zagrożeniom, walki z nimi oraz usuwania ich skutków.

Materiał i metody

Podstawową metodą badawczą wykorzystaną w artykule była metoda dogmatyczno-prawna. Została ona zastosowana w celu dokonania analizy obowiązujących przepisów prawnych, które normują kwestie dotyczące właściwości Prezesa Rady Ministrów w dziedzinie bezpieczeństwa, pod kątem jego statusu jako organu administracji rządowej. Kolejną metodą wykorzystaną w badaniach, których efektem jest ten artykuł jest metoda teoretyczno-prawna. Pozwoliła ona na ocenę działań, które może podejmować ten monokratyczny organ administracji publicznej na rzecz bezpieczeństwa państwa.

Wyniki

Status Prezesa RM w sferze bezpieczeństwa uregulowany został przez ustawodawcę, który przyznaje mu kierownicze kompetencje w tym obszarze.

Wnioski

Należy stwierdzić, że zajmuje on wysoką pozycję w systemie bezpieczeństwa państwa.
Modern legislation regarding the challenges of 21st century technology - selected aspects of legal regulations and technology security
Authors: Rabajczyk Anna , Wyszomirska Monika , Zboina Jacek
Published: December 2024

This publication discusses legal issues related to selected areas of security, including cybersecurity, digital service security, fire safety as well as safety in the area of nanotechnology – in particular in relation to requirements concerning environmental standards, products and waste management (storage, recycling, incineration, etc.). The authors of the article analyse not only the applicable EU and national regulations, indicating the proposed areas of change, but also discuss the threats related to the use of 21st century technologies and indicate the challenges posed by new technologies in the regulatory area. By analysing extremely different substantive issues covering law, engineering and science, the authors made the same assessment of the relations between law and 21st century technology. The results of research and analyses presented by them concerning both cybersecurity and fire safety and the use of nanotechnology confirm the thesis that law is unable to keep up with the dynamic development of new technologies.
The family as an object of protection and a subject of law
Authors: Lis Wojciech
Published: December 2024

Objectives

The family is the basic social cell, the foundation of any social structure. The reason for the special treatment of the family is the functions it has to perform. However, despite the recognition of the uniqueness of the family, the wishful attitude to it is not always confirmed by normative solutions. The purpose of the study is to attempt to identify provisions that speak in favor of recognizing the subjectivity of the family.

Material and methods

To achieve this goal, the methods of critical analysis, dogmatic-legal and axiological.

Results

The legislator has made the issues concerning the family the subject of regulation at the level of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, which is the normative act with the highest legal force in the system of state law. The basic principles of family law are set out there in order to attempt to provide the family with optimal conditions for the realisation of its natural functions.

Conclusions

The good of society depends on the good of families. However, this requires a properly prepared, possibly comprehensive, consistently implemented and forward-looking pro-family policy, which the state has not developed because of focusing its actions on ad hoc solutions, which are not always consistent. In addition to material support and social programmes, it seems necessary to change the philosophy of approach to marriage and family, which are currently in crisis. We can just point to the negative fertility rate, which affects the organisation of the pension system, the functioning of the labour market, the education system, the level of innovation and, consequently – GDP – which is one of the basic determinants of wealth.
Single-backlighter time-framed X-ray imaging diagnostics of laser plasma using a quasi-coaxial multi-channel Kirkpatrick–Baez microscope
Authors: Wang Liwei , Dong Ke , Zhang Zhe , Huang Qiushi , Zhang Zhong , Yi Shengzhen , Jiang Li , Wang Zhanshan , Dong Jiaqin , Fang Zhiheng , Wang Wei , Sun Jinren , Huang Xiuguang , Fu Sizu
Published: December 2024

The time-resolved backlight imaging of plasma is crucial for diagnosing density-dependent plasma information. It requires a high-intensity X-ray source and efficient optics. We propose a quasi-coaxial, multi-channel Kirkpatrick–Baez (KB) structure that realizes high-brightness illumination. The angles between the observation axes of neighboring images were significantly reduced. An X-ray multilayer was optimized to enable the system to simultaneously function at two quasi-monochromatic energies to observe the plasma regions of varying densities. Eight-frame high-spatiotemporal-resolution images were obtained with an X-ray backlighter in ShenGuang-III prototype laser facility. This study reports the optical design, multilayer fabrication, and experiments of the proposed microscope.
Performance of three diagnostic tests for tuberculosis among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) patients presenting to a health facility in an informal urban settlement in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Ochola Eunita A. , Mweu Marshal M.
Published: December 2024

The absence of an accurate reference test complicates the evaluation of tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic tests among people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLWHIV). The objective of this study was to estimate (using Bayesian latent class models [BLCM]) the sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp) and negative and positive predictive values (NPV and PPV) of sputum smear microscopy (SSM), Xpert Ultra and lipoarabinomannan antigen (LAM) tests for TB among PLWHIV in Nairobi, Kenya. This cross-sectional study enrolled a total of 190 patients aged ≥ 18 years with presumptive TB seeking treatment at the Kibra Community Health Center Comprehensive Care Centre (CCC) clinic between September 2022 and March 2023. The diagnostic data obtained from the three tests were analysed using a BLCM framework to derive accuracy estimates of the three diagnostic tests. The Xpert Ultra assay registered a higher Se (85.0; 95% PCI [41.4–99.4]) compared to LAM (26.8; 95% PCI [4.7–67.6]) and SSM (56.7 [16.4–97.4]). However, SSM had the highest Sp (99.6; 95% PCI [97.7–100.0]). The Xpert Ultra assay yielded the highest overall combination of Se and Sp at 80.8% (95% PCI [37.0–96.5]). On predictive values, SSM recorded the highest PPV at 84.5% (95% PCI [38.4–99.4]). Nonetheless, all the tests exhibited noticeably high NPVs (>96%). The Xpert Ultra assay recorded the highest Se of the three tests. Nevertheless, the SSM test registered the highest Sp and correspondingly the highest PPV. On NPVs, the tests had similar estimates. Consequently, a two-test serial testing strategy, entailing an initial screening with the more sensitive Xpert Ultra assay followed by retesting of any positives with the more specific SSM test, could be most optimal in this low-burden TB setting.
Traumatic stress and post-traumatic growth in individuals who have had Covid-19: The mediating effect of resilience and moderating effect of psychological flexibility
Authors: Türk Fulya
Published: December 2024

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a global impact and has negatively affected the mental health of individuals. It is known that depression, anxiety and traumatic stress levels are high in individuals who have experienced Covid-19. In light of this, an increase in Post-Traumatic Growth (PTB) levels is expected. This study examines the role of resilience and psychological flexibility in the relationship between traumatic stress levels experienced in Covid-19 and PTG levels. A total of 845 (64.18% males, ages ranged from 19 and 73, with an average of 36.80 ± 8.43) adults from Türkiye participated in the online survey. Impact of Event Scale-Revised, The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, The Psychological Resilience Scale, and Psychological Flexibility Scale were used as measurement tools. According to the research findings, a partial mediator role of resilience has emerged in the relationship between individuals’ traumatic stress levels and PTG levels. Additionally, the regulatory function of psychological flexibility was determined in the relationship between traumatic stress levels and PTG levels. Accordingly, the link between Covid-19-related stress and PTG becomes stronger as the individual’s psychological flexibility increases. Traumatic stress has a more positive effect on PTG in individuals who exhibit high psychological flexibility. Based on these results, it can be confirmed that resilience and psychological flexibility are crucial factors to maintain the spiritual well-being of individuals during the Covid-19 pandemic, a worldwide crisis. Therefore, they need to be considered in the field of preventive mental health.
Authority Work as Memorial to the Victims of October 7th and the Iron Swords war at the National Library of Israel
Authors: Cohen Ahava , Taga Ester
Published: December 2024

On the 7th of October 2023, Hamas terrorists staged the deadliest attack against Jews since the Holocaust. Within days, the National Library of Israel (NLI), acting as an international memory institution of the Jewish people, began collecting materials associated with the attack and the ensuing war for a memorial project named Bearing Witness. This essay describes the work done by a small group of catalogers to create authority files for the fallen, working under pressure of deadlines, public scrutiny, and life in a war zone.
A Importância da Educação Física inserida no contexto do Ensino Infantil
Authors: Silva Auricleide da , Barros Maria Dara Souza , Bringel Maricélia Félix Andrade
Published: December 2024

A educação física no ensino infantil desempenha um papel fundamental no desenvolvimento integral das crianças, promovendo aspectos físicos, emocionais, cognitivos e sociais. Nesse estágio da vida, as atividades físicas são essenciais não apenas para a promoção da saúde, mas também para a construção das habilidades motoras. A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo explorar a importância da educação física no contexto do ensino infantil, por meio de uma análise de como essa disciplina pode ser integrada de maneira eficaz no ambiente escolar e quais benefícios ela oferece para o desenvolvimento das crianças. Por meio de jogos, brincadeiras e atividades lúdicas, a criança aprende a lidar com seu corpo, explorando movimentos, além de desenvolver a consciência corporal. O artigo foi desenvolvido por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa, sendo estruturada uma análise de revisões bibliográficas que abordam o lúdico na educação física como ferramenta de desenvolvimento da aprendizagem, da motricidade ampla e fina das crianças. A pesquisa também examina os benefícios da inserção das atividades físicas no ensino infantil, como forma de auxiliar no crescimento integral dos estudantes. O entendimento sobre a educação física na infância é primordial para que sejam desenvolvidas mais políticas públicas eficazes para essa área, assim como um melhor desenvolvimento das práticas pedagógicas.
A Participação das Famílias Quilombolas no Contexto Escolar
Authors: Lima Anadia de Oliveira , Barros Maria Dara Souza , Bringel Maricélia Félix Andrade
Published: December 2024

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o resultado de uma pesquisa qualitativa e etnográfica sobre a participação das famílias na escola Municipal Quilombola José Néu de Carvalho, localizada em Conceição das Crioulas, município de Salgueiro-PE. O trabalho buscou respostas estratégicas para aproximar os familiares e a escola para o melhor desenvolvimento das crianças. A referida pesquisa foi estruturada em dois eixos, o primeiro relata sobre Educação Escolar Quilombola e o segundo engloba a importância da participação das famílias na escola. Para embasamento teórico, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura sobre o tema. A metodologia constou de entrevistas com uma representação de mães de alunos da escola citada, para discutir sobre as dificuldades que muitas vezes impossibilitam as famílias de cumprirem seu real papel no acompanhamento do/a filho/a na trajetória escolar. É importante ressaltar que a principal motivação para efetuação deste estudo, deu-se pelo fato de que ultimamente, tornou-se evidente o distanciamento dos pais ou responsáveis para com o ambiente de estudo dos filhos. Os resultados indicaram que uma maior participação das famílias quilombolas no ambiente escolar pode contribuir de uma forma mais efetiva para o desenvolvimento integral dos alunos, formando assim cidadãos conscientes, críticos, reflexivos e preparados para a vida em sociedade. Para efetivar essa participação ativa dos pais na vida escolar dos seus filhos, verifica-se que é necessário a criação de políticas públicas que incentivem a colaboração entre escola e comunidade.
Premier cas rapporté d’abcès lingual causé par Salmonella Typhi
Authors: Grobet Paul , Laloux Marc , Decaux Jerome , Darche Vincent
Published: December 2024

Les salmonelles sont des bactéries d’origine alimentaire pouvant occasionner des gastro-entérites, des bactériémies et des infections locales par dissémination hématogène. Nous présentons le cas d’un jeune patient d’origine malienne ayant développé un abcès lingual à Salmonella typhi. Cette présentation, rare, n’a pas encore été décrite dans la littérature scientifique. Le diagnostic a été posé par analyse bactériologique suite à l’incision et au drainage de l’abcès. Une antibiothérapie à large spectre a été instaurée et adaptée en fonction des résultats de la culture. Cet article rapporte le premier cas documenté d’abcès lingual causé par Salmonella typhi.
Dental characteristics in Pallister-Killian Syndrome using Cone Beam Computed Tomography: Illustrated case report
Authors: Issa Julien , Olszewski Raphael
Published: December 2024

Pallister-Killian Syndrome (PKS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the mosaic presence of a supernumerary isochromosome consisting of two short arms of chromosome 12, leading to a variety of complications, including those related to oral and dental health. This case report marks the first case report on the dental characteristics of a patient with PKS using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). A 17-year-old female with PKS was reported exhibiting bilateral maxillary sinus hypoplasia, along with taurodontism in teeth n°15 and n°16, and an unusual “crayon-like” morphology in teeth n°14, n°15 and n°25. Moreover, hypoplasia of the sphenoidal sinuses, accompanied by left sphenoidal sinusitis, was noted.
A multidisciplinary dental approach is advocated for managing individuals with PKS. Further research incorporating a larger sample is critical to comprehensively assessing the dental features of PKS using dental radiography. Additionally, the development of an open-source CBCT database cataloging dental characteristics for rare dental conditions, including PKS, may be a suitable tool to access to reference images and to share information on orphan diseases with dental implications.
Join Us at the 2025 HASTI Conference: Embracing the Future Together
Authors: Williams Craig
Published: December 2024

On behalf of the HASTI Board of Directors, 2025 HASTI Conference Chairman Craig Williams shares some information about the theme and plans for the next HASTI Conference at Noblesville High School, February 15-17, 2025.
Help your students become DataWISE with NCSE's new tool
Authors: THST Editorial Board
Published: December 2024

Are you frustrated with the misinformation you see daily in the media? 
NCSE is excited to share our new DataWISE tool that combines science practices and media literacy skills into a coherent framework for critically analyzing data-based claims.
HASTI Calendar of Events
Authors: HASTI Board of Directors
Published: December 2024

The HASTI website has a calendar of upcoming events to help you see upcoming meetings, conference and professional developments.
Open Call for Papers - THST
Authors: THST Editorial Board
Published: December 2024

The Hoosier Science Teacher maintains an open Call for Papers, meaning you can submit a manuscript to THST whenever you are ready. General issues are published in June and December each year.
Investigation of State and Trait Anxiety Levels of Paragliding Pilots According to Some Variables
Authors: YALÇIN Yasemin , KARAKAYA Muhammed Hanifi
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study is to examine the state and trait anxiety levels of paragliding pilots in terms of some variables. The study group consisted of 206 licensed paragliding pilots in Turkey. "State and Trait Anxiety Inventory" consisting of 20 questions and administered in two parts was applied to the volunteer participants. In addition to the inventories, a "Personal Information Form" was added to determine the demographic information of the pilots. Of the pilots, 35 were female (17%) and 171 were male (83%). Skewness, Kurtosis (normal distribution of the data) values and Levene's test (equality of variance) results were analyzed and it was decided that the data met the parametric test conditions. Accordingly, t-test and ANOVA tests were applied to evaluate the state and trait anxiety levels of the participants according to various demographic characteristics. In addition, the level of relationship between the scales was evaluated by Pearson correlation analysis. As a result, it was observed that there was a significant difference between the state and trait anxiety mean scores of pilots according to gender, certification level and family support variables. In addition, a significant difference was found between the mean state anxiety scores of pilots according to the variables of age, marital status and duration of interest in the branch.
THE ATTITUDES OF 10-14 YEARS OLD CHILDREN AGAINST THE ACT OF PLAYING GAMES REQUIRING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY (PLAYFULNESS AMONG 10-14 YEARS OLD CHILDREN)
Authors: HAZAR Muhsin
Published: December 2024

The objective of this study is to develop an assessment instrument directed to assessment of attitudes of children coming from 10 – 14 years old group against playing the games requiring physical activity. The scale constituted from 33 Article was applied totally on 1008 children and 499 of them are girls and 509 of them are boys who are taking high school education in Çankaya,Keçiören and Yenimahalle Districts of Ankara. Analysis of articles and exploratory factor analysis of the gathered data are implemented with the aim of ensuring the validity of structure and it is stated that the structure of the scale has five – factored sub structure constituted from 27 articles. These are named as “Game Passion”, “Social Adaptation”, “Desire to Play Game”, “The Will to win” and “Risk Taking”. The total variance rate of these five factors is 51, 291. As a prove of validity of article, article test correlations were calculated and the correlation coefficients are changing between 0,30 and 0,62. In order to determine the reliability level of the scale, Cronbach Alpha value was used. As a result of conducted calculation, it is seen that the alpha value for 27 articles is 0.82. The scale which is prepared in line with this value has high level of reliability. The alpha values in terms of factors, it can be stated that the first factor was calculated as 0,73; the second factor was calculated as 0,82; the third factor was calculated as 0,64; the fourth factor was calculated as 0,61 and the fifth factor was calculated as 0,63. As a conclusion, it is determined that the developed “Playfulness Scale” is a valid and reliable assessment instrument in determining the attitudes of middle – school student against playing the games requiring physical activity.
Examining Students School Climate and Academic Motivation Levels with Various Demographic Variables
Authors: Acar Kültiğin , Soyer Alptuğ
Published: December 2024

The aim of this research is to examine the effects of academic motivation and school climate on students in the Faculty of Sports Sciences, considering various demographic variables. The study encompasses processes in which two scales were evaluated to determine the levels of academic motivation and school climate among young individuals. The research sample consists of 519 students, with 278 males (53.6%) and 241 females (46.4%) currently enrolled in sports sciences. The data collection tools used in the study include the School Climate Scale and the Academic Motivation Scale. A relational survey model was employed in the research. Due to the normal distribution of the data sets, parametric tests were used in the analysis process. According to the score range determined in the Academic Motivation Scale, participants were found to have a moderate level of academic motivation. However, the statistical scores obtained from the School Climate Scale revealed that participants had a negative perception of school climate. Additionally, it was determined that academic motivation and school climate levels did not differ based on the gender variable of the participants, nor did they differ according to class level. Another finding of the study was that married individuals had lower levels of academic motivation and school climate compared to single individuals. A moderate relationship was found between the values obtained from the Academic Motivation and School Climate scales. In conclusion, it is recommended that students' academic and athletic obligations be balanced to ensure the harmonious development of school climate and academic motivation. It is believed that the findings of this study will provide valuable insights for future research in this area.
Rumination and Physical Activity Enjoyment in the Long Term After the Kahramanmaraş Earthquake
Authors: GÜLER Melek , BAŞKARA Nuri
Published: December 2024

Apart from the fact that Türkiye is an earthquake country, the earthquake, the epicenter of which was Kahramanmaraş province on 6 February and which covered 11 provinces and was known as the disaster of the century, caused devastating results. In addition to threatening human life, natural disasters such as earthquakes can also affect people's mental states and daily life habits in both the short and long term. In this context, this study aimed to examine the levels of rumination (recurring negative thoughts) and enjoyment of physical activity of the students of the Faculty of Sports Sciences in the long term after the Kahramanmaraş earthquake. The research was cross-sectional in the relational screening model. The sample of the study consisted of (n:253) students studying at Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University Faculty of Sport Sciences. Demographic information form, Self-Critical Rumination and Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PAES) were used as data collection tools in the study. Descriptive analyses, Man Whitney-U test, Kruskal Wallis test and Spearman's correlation test were used to analyze the data. According to the research results, the PAE levels of the participants were significantly higher in males than females and in those who do sports than those who do not do sports (p0.5). A significant negative relationship was found between the participants' enjoyment of physical activity and rumination levels (p0.5). As a result, physical activity can be recommended to protect mental health after natural disasters such as earthquakes.
Transforming Universities for 21st Century Africa: A Case Study of Sierra Leone
Authors: JACKSON Emerson Abraham
Published: December 2024

This study aims to examine the critical transformation necessary for universities in Sierra Leone to remain relevant in the 21st century. It focuses on aligning academic programs with the demands of the market, integrating digital tools, and fostering industry-academia collaborations.
The research employs a theoretical and narrative methodology. A theoretical approach is adopted to examine academic frameworks related to curriculum reform, digital integration, and industry partnerships. A narrative methodology is used to explore practical case studies and experiences within Sierra Leone's higher education landscape. The study relies on a combination of secondary sources, including contemporary literature and policy documents, to draw relevant insights into educational transformation in Africa.
The study reveals significant barriers to transformation, such as inadequate funding, misaligned curricula, and insufficient technological infrastructure. However, it also highlights key opportunities for growth, including the adoption of innovative digital tools and the reform of curricula to meet market demands.
This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of Sierra Leone's higher education system, contributing to the broader discourse on university transformation in Africa. It offers actionable recommendations for policymakers and educational leaders to implement strategic reforms that align with sustainable development goals.
Improving Strategic Planning and Ensuring the Development of Enterprises Based on Relational Strategies
Authors: MAKEDON Viacheslav , BUDKO Oksana , SALYGA Kostiantyn , MYACHIN Valentin , FISUNENKO Nadiia
Published: December 2024

The article is aimed at improving the strategic planning processes at enterprises through the effective implementation and use of relational strategies. These strategies are aimed at increasing the competitiveness, sustainability, and adaptability of enterprises in the face of rapidly changing market realities. The study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of relational strategies as a strategic planning tool that can contribute to the development of more effective strategic initiatives. The methodological basis of the study includes the use of evolutionary planning, which involves building a long-term model of enterprise development, a methodology for implementing strategic changes that allows assessing the organization’s ability to adapt to innovations, and a systematic planning approach to detail key milestones for achieving strategic goals. The main result of the study was the identification of the peculiarities of forming a relational strategy of an enterprise. Relational strategies are based on the creation of bilateral relations between the enterprise and other market participants, which contributes to the formation of mutually beneficial cooperation. The main goal is to obtain relational rent and ensure sustainable development of the enterprise through collaboration. The key elements of a relational strategy are an understanding of the concept of “relational rent” and the importance of “relational assets”. The study reveals the importance of relational strategies in modern strategic planning of enterprises, highlighting them as an important tool for achieving competitive advantage, sustainability and effective adaptation to dynamic market conditions
The Determinants of SME Credit Rationing in Morocco. Case of SMEs in the Casablanca Settat Region
Authors: BOUTFSSI Adil , QUAMAR Tarik
Published: December 2024

In this article, we are concerned with a central element of the Moroccan economy, namely small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which often find themselves in a situation where alternative sources of financing are not easily accessible, including bank financing. Indeed, Moroccan SMEs are closely dependent on banking institutions to obtain the financial support necessary for their projects. However, these businesses frequently face the phenomenon of credit rationing, necessitating improved access to credit. In this research work, we have contributed to the study of this phenomenon, focusing specifically on the Casablanca Settat region. Our research revolves around two essential objectives. Firstly, we aimed to evaluate the impact of credit rationing on SMEs in this region. Next, we focused on empirically identifying the determinants of this phenomenon. To achieve these objectives, we selected a target population of 218 SMEs from the Casablanca Settat region. Our initial statistical tests revealed that SMEs in the Casablanca-Settat region are facing both total credit rationing and partial credit rationing.
Subsequently, the results obtained from multinomial logistic regression tests reveal that the SME's sector of activity, age, reputation, legal status, size, gender of its manager, age, education, nature of the relationship with the bank, and professional experience all play an important role in explaining this phenomenon.
A Study of Post Keynesian Attempts at Hiding Townshend’s Main Question to Keynes in His November 1938 Letter and Keynes’s Answer
Authors: BRADY Michael
Published: December 2024

Keynes’s letter of December 7th, 1938, provided a direct answer to Townshend, who asked Keynes the following extremely important question in his letter of November 25th:
“This is the nearest I can get to an analysis of the part played by the factor of confidence in the rationale of interest. I believe that its further logical analysis at a deeper level of generalization is connected with the part played by the weight of evidence in your theory of probability, but I cannot see just how…..” (Keynes 1979, 292; italics added).
Now Townshend ‘s question actually is “Where in your A Treatise on Probability is your analysis supporting the connection between confidence in the GT and the weight of evidence?”
Keynes’s response was direct and straightforward:
“As regards my remarks in my General Theory, have you taken account of what I say on page 240, as well as what I say at page 148, which is the passage I think you previously quoted…”. (Keynes 1979; italics added).
The clue, given here by Keynes to Townshend, is to p.240 of the General Theory; however, it relates directly, as we will see, to Keynes’s chapter XXVI of the A Treatise on Probability. This paper will trace out how Keynes provided Townshend with the clues needed to recognize Keynes’s modeling of the conventional coefficient in chapter XXVI; however, Townshend gave up and failed to take this last step.
Green Credit Policy and Firms' Green Total Factor Productivity: The Mediating Role of Financial Constraints
Authors: JING Fan , MUHAMAD Haslinah , SAID Ridzwana Mohd , DAUD Zaidi Mat
Published: December 2024

In recent years, environmental pollution has emerged as a critical global challenge, prompting increasing attention toward the Green Credit Policy as a tool for environmental regulation. These policies aim to align financial systems with sustainability objectives, yet their impact on corporate development remains controversial. This study adopts the Propensity Score Matching-Difference-in-Differences (PSM-DID) method to analyze the effects of the Green Credit Policy on the green total factor productivity (GTFP) of Chinese listed companies over the period 2007–2022. The results reveal that while the Green Credit Policy is designed to enhance environmental performance, they have exacerbated financing constraints for enterprises, leading to a significant decline in GTFP. This negative impact is particularly pronounced in large enterprises and firms in eastern China, regions often subject to stricter environmental regulations. In contrast, the ownership type - whether state-owned or non-state-owned - does not significantly influence the outcomes, suggesting the pervasiveness of financing constraints across firms. The findings underscore the critical need for policymakers to design targeted green credit strategies that account for regional and enterprise-specific characteristics. For example, tailoring green finance mechanisms to address the challenges larger enterprises or firms face in economically developed regions could mitigate unintended consequences. Moreover, the study highlights the importance of integrating financial support mechanisms, such as tax incentives, subsidies, or green innovation funds, into the future Green Credit Policy. Such measures can promote investment in green technologies by alleviating financial pressures and fostering environmental and economic goals. Ultimately, this study advocates for a balanced, context-sensitive approach to green finance, ensuring sustainable development without compromising firms' productivity.
The Effectiveness of International Financial Reporting Standards in Minimizing Information Asymmetry
Authors: CHALA Tetyana , HRABYNSKA Iryna , PTASHCHЕNKO Olеna , PERCHUK Oksana , POSADNIEVA Oksana , BIOKO Olga
Published: December 2024

Information asymmetry is an important problem of financial markets, which creates unequal conditions for different investors. The aim of the research is to analyse the impact of the implementation of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) on the change in the relationship between a number of financial indicators and the company’s market value. The latter was taken as an indicator of information asymmetry arising from investors’ speculative expectations. The research employs methods of correlation, regression, and comparative analysis. The study established an increase in the correlation between Price-to-Earnings (P/E) ratio and market capitalization (Market cap) for a sample of Saudi Arabian companies after the IFRS implementation. However, the previously obtained conclusions were not confirmed after checking the results with the data of each individual company. Moreover, it was found that for most companies the correlation between P/E ratio and Market cap significantly weakened after the IFRS implementation. It can be assumed that before the mandatory IFRS implementation, the increase in Market cap could occur mainly on the basis of investors’ expectations. However, expectations could not be met because of a significant level of information asymmetry. Therefore, the decrease in correlations between P/E ratio and Market cap may indicate a more critical assessment of companies by investors due to increased transparency of financial information. Further research may focus on the analysis of other factors influencing the level of information asymmetry, such as improving the quality of integrated reporting and corporate governance.
Investment Flows and Country Development in Emerging Markets: Analysing the Impact of Foreign Investment on Economic Growth
Authors: BABAYEV Farid , GONCHARENKO Iryna , MAZUR Hennadii , ABDULLAEV Ulmas , CHERNYAHA Lyudmyla
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the article is to study the impact of investment flows on the economic development of Ukraine, Azerbaijan, and Uzbekistan, considering foreign investment, as well as to assess their contribution to the formation of sustainable economic growth. The methodology is represented by such methods of scientific knowledge as economic analysis, as well as SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats). The results of the study showed that foreign investment has a positive impact on the economic growth of developing countries, contributing to an increase in gross domestic product, reducing unemployment and stimulating technological progress. In addition, investment flows influence structural changes in the economy, facilitating the transition to more innovative and competitive arrangements. Additionally, successful attraction of foreign investment can improve the infrastructure and environmental situation in countries, which also favours their economic development. At the same time, the results of the study highlight the importance of creating a favourable investment climate to attract foreign investment and ensure sustainable economic growth, both now and in the future. However, it is important to understand the possible negative aspects of the impact of investment on the economy, including the issue of increased risks in the formation of dependence on foreign subsidies. The findings highlight the importance of seeking and attracting foreign investment to improve the economic performance of emerging market economies, as well as to stimulate sustainable economic growth and promote the integration of these economies into the global economic system, while minimizing negative impacts.
International Financial Institutions and Their Role in Promoting the Stability of The Global Financial System
Authors: MURDIFIN Imaduddin , HAJERING Hajering , RAZAKOVA Barno , SILAGADZE Avtandil , ATANELISHVILI Tamar
Published: December 2024

The study aims to substantiate the role of leading international financial institutions based on the analysis of their activities during the global and regional financial and economic crises. To achieve this goal, the following methods were used: comparison, generalisation, dynamic and structural analysis. The study analyses in detail the activities of international financial institutions, particularly the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank Group, and other regional financial organisations, aimed at overcoming the consequences of financial and economic crises (the Asian financial crisis of 1997-1998, the Global Financial Crisis of 2008-2009, and the COVID-19 pandemic crisis of 2020). Based on the analysis, the study summarises the main instruments, methods and approaches used by international financial institutions to promote financial stability. The study established that the main instrument is credit financing. To assess the significance of financial programmes, the amount of financial assistance was compared with the gross domestic product of individual countries that received such funding programmes. The study determined that the directions and conditions of such loan programmes differ depending on the organisation that provides them and the country that receives them. The study found that international financial institutions, particularly the IMF and World Bank Group, played a crucial role in stabilizing the global financial system during crises. The analysis of financial support, GDP growth, and inflation data highlights their impact. These findings are valuable for scholars and government officials in understanding the importance of international coordination in addressing economic crises.
Improvement of the Budget Forecasting System in the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: AMANBAEVA Chynara , AKYLBEKOVA Nelli , ZAITENOVA Nazym , BAITOKOVA Makhabat , OMUROVA Saltanat
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study is to develop and propose measures to improve the budget forecasting system in Central Asia to enhance the accuracy, reliability, and adaptability of budget forecasts. The study involved a comprehensive analysis of data covering various aspects of budget forecasting in Central Asian countries. This analysis included the collection of extensive data, including statistical indicators, on budget forecasts, and factors influencing economic stability in the region. The research results underscored the importance of budget forecasting as a tool for strategic financial planning based on systemic analysis and the use of advanced technologies. The concept of budget forecasting was highlighted as a systematic analysis aimed at predicting the financial performance of an organization over a specific period, including assessing expected income and expenses considering various factors influencing the financial situation. The study also examined the key functions of budget forecasting, including financial resource planning, optimization, and financial stability control. Special attention was paid to analysing the impact of external factors, such as economic uncertainty, using statistical methods and scenario analysis. The study also emphasized the importance of modern technologies, including machine learning and big data analysis, in improving budget forecasting processes. Overall, the research findings present important insights for practical application and further research in the field of financial management and budget planning. The findings have the potential to be used in shaping policies and reforms aimed at sustainable development and efficient utilization of public finances in the region.