bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a student pharmacist–led depression screening program in a community pharmacy
Authors: Habba Shannon , Burghardt Kyle , Stewart Brittany
Published: October 2024

Introduction

One in 5 adults in the United States have depression and are at risk for suicide, the 11th leading cause of death in the United States. Community pharmacy settings are ideal for increasing access to mental health services. Our objectives were to assess PHQ-9 scores and evaluate participant satisfaction in a student pharmacist–led depression screening program in a community pharmacy.

Methods

Student pharmacists trained in mental health first aid recruited participants 18 to 90 years old in a community pharmacy to complete the PHQ-9 and provided mental health education, referrals, and resources. A 2-week follow-up was completed, and participants reported on actions taken since the initial visit. Descriptive statistics, independent t tests, and χ2 tests were used in data analysis.

Results

Twelve depression screening events were held, and 70 participants completed the screenings. The mean age was 52 years, and 75.7% were female. PHQ-9 scores ranged from 0 to 24 with an average of 3.96. Most participants (92.9%) reported the depression screening program was helpful. More than 90% of participants completed the 2-week follow-up, and 92.3% reported being comfortable seeking mental health services from a pharmacist. About half (53.8%) reported reading the educational materials, 24.6% helped a friend or family member, and 16.9% made an appointment with their health care provider.

Discussion

Student pharmacists successfully provided depression screenings and mental health education in a community pharmacy. Most participants had low PHQ-9 scores, found the program helpful, and are willing to utilize mental health services in a community pharmacy.
Delayed allergic reaction from bupropion in a 27-year-old male with MDD: A case report and literature review
Authors: Anghel Ana , Wilkening G. Lucy
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Bupropion is an antidepressant approved for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), seasonal affective disorder, and smoking cessation. Nausea, headache, tremor, and insomnia are well-known adverse effects of this medication. Less well-recognized adverse effects include delayed allergic reactions, which, in some cases, can appear 2 or more weeks after bupropion initiation.

Case Report

A 27-year-old male with recurrent MDD was referred for medication treatment at an outpatient mental health clinic and prescribed bupropion XL. On day 28 of treatment, he reported significant improvement in depressive symptoms and the development of itchiness and urticaria on his extremities and back. Bupropion was tapered over the course of 7 days, and he was given cetirizine 10 mg daily. He was transitioned to venlafaxine treatment and experienced complete resolution of hives and pruritus.

Discussion

Despite published reports on bupropion causing delayed hypersensitivity reactions, there remains limited clinical recognition of this side effect, and the risk of underrecognition may be greater when the onset of the reaction is more than 2 weeks after bupropion initiation.

Conclusion

Bupropion can cause delayed hypersensitivity reactions, including delayed pruritis and urticaria. The risk may be highest in males aged 17 to 40 years and those with a history of allergic reactions.
Defining AI Systems in the EU and Beyond
Authors: Karathanasis Theodoros
Published: October 2024

The aim of this article is to assess the current global reach of the European Union’s regulatory influence on AI. This analysis focuses on how an “AI system” is defined in the final EU AI Act and presents the hypothesis that the more rigid the definition of AI systems is, the less global the reach of the EU AI Act’s standards will be, especially in countries with a strong tendency towards AI sovereignty. A qualitative comparative analysis of four case studies (Brazil, Canada, Chile, USA) reveals persistent divergences centred on the material scope of AI systems. In turn, the global reach of the EU AI Act seems rather limited at best in the long term.
Der Halbteilungsgrundsatz des Doppelmaklers
Authors: Wistokat Tim
Published: October 2024

Am 23.12.2020 ist das Gesetz über die Verteilung der Maklerkosten bei der Vermittlung von Kaufverträgen über Wohnungen und Einfamilienhäuser in Kraft getreten. Ein Doppelmakler, der sich von beiden Seiten des Kaufvertrages einen Maklerlohn versprechen lässt, ist nach § 656c Abs. 1 Satz 1 BGB verpflichtet, eine Maklerprovision in gleicher Höhe zu vereinbaren. Der BGH (Urt. v. 21.3.2024 - I ZR 185/22, MDR 2024, 701) hat sich nun erstmals mit den Neuregelungen des Maklerrechts beschäftigt. Es handelt sich gleich um einen provisionsrechtlichen Paukenschlag. Der folgende Beitrag nimmt die aktuellen Erkenntnisse zum Anlass, um den Halbteilungsgrundsatz kritisch zu beleuchten und Lösungsansätze für verschiedene praktische Problemstellungen zu entwickeln.
Interaction between RNF8 and DYRK2 is required for the recruitment of DNA repair molecules to DNA double‐strand breaks
Authors: Yamamoto Takenori , Taira Nihira Naoe , Yogosawa Satomi , Aoki Katsuhiko , Takeda Hiroyuki , Sawasaki Tatsuya , Yoshida Kiyotsugu
Published: February 2017

The genome of eukaryotic cells is frequently exposed to damage by various genotoxins. Phosphorylation of histone H2AX at Serine 139 (γ‐H2AX) is a hallmark of DNA damage. RNF8 monoubiquitinates γ‐H2AX with the Lys63‐linked ubiquitin chain to tether DNA repair molecules at DNA lesions. A high‐throughput screening identified RNF8 as a binding partner of dual‐specificity tyrosine phosphorylation‐regulated kinase 2 (DYRK2). Notably, DNA damage‐induced monoubiquitination of γ‐H2AX is impaired in DYRK2‐depleted cells. The foci formation of p53‐binding protein 1 at DNA double‐strand break sites is suppressed in DYRK2 knockdown cells, which fail to repair the DNA damage. A homologous recombination assay showed decreased repair efficiency in DYRK2‐depleted cells. Our findings indicate direct interaction of DYRK2 with RNF8 in regulating response to DNA damage.
Reconnection rates and X line motion at the magnetopause: Global 2D‐3V hybrid‐Vlasov simulation results
Authors: Hoilijoki Sanni , Ganse Urs , Pfau‐Kempf Yann , Cassak Paul A. , Walsh Brian M. , Hietala Heli , von Alfthan Sebastian , Palmroth Minna
Published: February 2017

We present results from a first study of the local reconnection rate and reconnection site motion in a 2D‐3V global magnetospheric self‐consistent hybrid‐Vlasov simulation with due southward interplanetary magnetic field. We observe magnetic reconnection at multiple locations at the dayside magnetopause and the existence of magnetic islands, which are the 2‐D representations of flux transfer events. The reconnection locations (the X lines) propagate over significant distances along the magnetopause, and reconnection does not reach a steady state. We calculate the reconnection rate at the location of the X lines and find a good correlation with an analytical model of local 2‐D asymmetric reconnection. We find that despite the solar wind conditions being constant, the reconnection rate and location of the X lines are highly variable. These variations are caused by magnetosheath fluctuations, the effects of neighboring X lines, and the motion of passing magnetic islands.
Non‐Newtonian flow of bubbly magma in volcanic conduits
Authors: Colucci S. , Papale P. , Montagna C. P.
Published: February 2017

The dynamics of magma ascent along volcanic conduits toward the Earth's surface affects eruptive styles and contributes to volcanic hazard. The rheology of ascending magmatic mixtures is known to play a major role on mass flow rate as well as on pressure and exit velocity at the vent, even determining effusive versus explosive eruptive behavior. In this work we explore the effects of bubble‐induced non‐Newtonian rheology on the dynamics of magma flow in volcanic conduits. We develop a quasi 2‐D model of magma ascent that incorporates a rheological constitutive equation describing the strain‐dependent effect of gas bubbles on the viscosity of the multiphase magma. Non‐Newtonian magma flow is investigated through a parametric study where the viscosity of the melt and the water content are varied over natural ranges. Our results show that non‐Newtonian rheology leads to greater exit velocity, mass flow, and density. The pressure distribution along the conduit remains very similar to the Newtonian case, deviating only at the conduit exit. Plug‐like velocity profiles develop approaching the conduit exit, when mixture velocity is high, and are favored by smaller liquid viscosity. Since the mass flow rate, the density and the velocity of the mixture exiting from the conduit are fundamental for quantifying and assessing the transport and emplacement dynamics, neglecting that the non‐Newtonian effect of bubble‐bearing magmas may result in misinterpretation of the deposit and, consequently, eruptive behavior.
pCO2 and CO2 fluxes of the metropolitan river network in relation to the urbanization of Chongqing, China
Authors: Wang Xiaofeng , He Yixin , Yuan Xingzhong , Chen Huai , Peng Changhui , Zhu Qiuan , Yue Junsheng , Ren Haiqing , Deng Wei , Liu Hong
Published: February 2017

Most rivers of the world are supersaturated with carbon dioxide (CO2), resulting in a large gas flux that has only recently been included in global carbon budgeting. However, little is known about CO2 emissions from urban river networks suffering anthropogenic disturbance in the context of global urbanization. We surveyed the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and CO2 flux from 84 locations in the Chongqing metropolitan river network, with an area of 5494 km2. The overall mean pCO2 and CO2 fluxes were 2152 µatm and 163.0 mol C m−2 yr−1, respectively, with 318.9 mol C m−2 yr−1 from rivers in the completely urban area and 49.6 mol C m−2 yr−1 from the least urbanized area. The riverine pCO2 level increased with the proportion of urban land, with 2–4 times higher CO2 flux in the urban areas than the remote rural ones. Sites with low flow velocity, narrow channel, and factitious bottom sediment appeared to be local hot spots of CO2 emission. The pCO2 and CO2 degassing was positively correlated with the nutrients content of surface water (i.e., nitrogen and phosphorus). Carbon was released to the atmosphere as CO2 from Chongqing metropolitan river network at a rate of 12.3 × 109 mol C yr−1. pCO2 exhibited a clear seasonality with lower values in March 2015 and June 2015 but a higher value in September 2014, which was coregulated by temperature, flood dilution, and in situ photosynthesis. The results highlight that rapid urbanization, with increasing nutrients loading and anthropogenic activities, will alter the carbon biogeochemical cycle in the terrestrial‐aqueous‐atmospheric ecosystem and then impact global CO2 budgets.
The twenty‐first century Colorado River hot drought and implications for the future
Authors: Udall Bradley , Overpeck Jonathan
Published: February 2017

Between 2000 and 2014, annual Colorado River flows averaged 19% below the 1906–1999 average, the worst 15‐year drought on record. At least one‐sixth to one‐half (average at one‐third) of this loss is due to unprecedented temperatures (0.9°C above the 1906–1999 average), confirming model‐based analysis that continued warming will likely further reduce flows. Whereas it is virtually certain that warming will continue with additional emissions of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, there has been no observed trend toward greater precipitation in the Colorado Basin, nor are climate models in agreement that there should be a trend. Moreover, there is a significant risk of decadal and multidecadal drought in the coming century, indicating that any increase in mean precipitation will likely be offset during periods of prolonged drought. Recently published estimates of Colorado River flow sensitivity to temperature combined with a large number of recent climate model‐based temperature projections indicate that continued business‐as‐usual warming will drive temperature‐induced declines in river flow, conservatively −20% by midcentury and −35% by end‐century, with support for losses exceeding −30% at midcentury and −55% at end‐century. Precipitation increases may moderate these declines somewhat, but to date no such increases are evident and there is no model agreement on future precipitation changes. These results, combined with the increasing likelihood of prolonged drought in the river basin, suggest that future climate change impacts on the Colorado River flows will be much more serious than currently assumed, especially if substantial reductions in greenhouse gas emissions do not occur.
On factors controlling precursor slip fronts in the laboratory and their relation to slow slip events in nature
Authors: Selvadurai Paul A. , Glaser Steven D. , Parker Jessica M.
Published: February 2017

Spatial variations in frictional properties on natural faults are believed to be a factor influencing the presence of slow slip events (SSEs). This effect was tested on a laboratory frictional interface between two polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bodies. We studied the evolution of slip and slip rates that varied systematically based on the application of both high and low normal stress (σ0=0.8 or 0.4 MPa) and the far‐field loading rate (VLP). A spontaneous, frictional rupture expanded from the central, weaker, and more compliant section of the fault that had fewer asperities. Slow rupture propagated at speeds Vslow∼0.8 to 26 mm s−1 with slip rates from 0.01 to 0.2 μm s−1, resulting in stress drops around 100 kPa. During certain nucleation sequences, the fault experienced a partial stress drop, referred to as precursor detachment fronts in tribology. Only at the higher level of normal stress did these fronts exist, and the slip and slip rates mimicked the moment and moment release rates during the 2013–2014 Boso SSE in Japan. The laboratory detachment fronts showed rupture propagation speeds Vslow/VR∈ (5 to 172) × 10−7 and stress drops ∼ 100 kPa, which both scaled to the aforementioned SSE. Distributions of asperities, measured using a pressure sensitive film, increased in complexity with additional normal stress—an increase in normal stress caused added complexity by increasing both the mean size and standard deviation of asperity distributions, and this appeared to control the presence of the detachment front.
pH‐responsive alginate–pectin polymeric rafts and their characterization
Authors: Hanif Muhammad , Abbas Ghulam
Published: February 2017

Aim of the present work was to develop alginate–pectin rafts by using box behnken design to provide symptomatic relief from gastroesophageal reflux disorders by forming floating gel or raft on the top of gastric contents. Sodium alginate and pectin were used as raft‐forming polymers, sodium bicarbonate as gas‐generating substance, and calcium carbonate for generation of calcium ions. Physical test of all compressed formulations were within pharmacopoeial limits. Effect of pH of medium on raft formation was observed by placing the formulation in different pH mediums. Raft was characterized by their strength, weight, volume, resilience, reflux resistance, thickness, buffering capacity, neutralizing capacity, floating lag time (FLT) and total floating time (TFT). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was performed to check the interaction between the polymers and other excipients. Raft was effectively formed at pH 1.2. Raft strength, reflux resistance, and thickness of optimized formulation APR15 were 9.71 ± 0.013 g, 2670 ± 0.987 g, and 5.1 ± 0.045 cm, respectively. Raft resilience for the APR15 was found to be greater than 480 min. TFT of APR15 was greater than 8 hr with 50 s FLT. Buffering and neutralizing capacity were 12.70 ± 1.21 meq and 7.0 ± 0.34 meq, respectively. FTIR spectra showed no interactions between sodium alginate, pectin, and other excipients. This study demonstrated that alginate–pectin rafts are suitable for the treatment of gastro‐esophageal reflux disorders.
Over 14% Efficiency of Directly Sputtered Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Absorbers without Postselenization by Post‐Treatment of Alkali Metals
Authors: Hsu Chia‐Hao , Ho Wei‐Hao , Wei Shih‐Yuan , Lai Chih‐Huang
Published: February 2017

Direct sputtering of a single quaternary Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) target without postselenization is a promising approach to fabricating CIGS absorbers. However, the device efficiency of the quaternary‐sputtered CIGS is limited to 10%–11% due to the low and uncontrollable Se supply during the quaternary sputtering process. Here, an enhanced efficiency of 14.1% is reported by directly sputtering from a CIGS target without extra Se supply followed by sequential postdeposition treatments (PDT) of NaF and KF. The effects of different post‐treatments of alkali metals on quaternary‐sputtered CIGS thin films are discussed in detail. A Cu‐depleted surface is not observed in the quaternary‐sputtered CIGS thin films after KF‐PDT, different from the observation in the coevaporated CIGS, in which the Cu‐depleted surface layer induced by KF‐PDT enhances the efficiency. On the other hand, it is found that KF‐PDT reduces Se vacancies more effectively than NaF‐PDT, which could be another electrically benign behavior of KF‐PDT. The effective passivation of Se vacancies after KF‐PDT overcomes the Se‐poor nature of the quaternary sputtering process without postselenization. Therefore, KF‐PDT combined with Na doping, which is known to annihilate InCu defects, significantly improves minority carrier lifetime and cell performance.
Grain Boundary Engineering for Achieving High Thermoelectric Performance in n‐Type Skutterudites
Authors: Meng Xianfu , Liu Zihang , Cui Bo , Qin Dandan , Geng Huiyuan , Cai Wei , Fu Liangwei , He Jiaqing , Ren Zhifeng , Sui Jiehe
Published: February 2017

Grain or phase boundaries play a critical role in the carrier and phonon transport in bulk thermoelectric materials. Previous investigations about controlling boundaries primarily focused on the reducing grain size or forming nanoinclusions. Herein, liquid phase compaction method is first used to fabricate the Yb‐filled CoSb3 with excess Sb content, which shows the typical feature of low‐angle grain boundaries with dense dislocation arrays. Seebeck coefficients show a dramatic increase via energy filtering effect through dislocation arrays with little deterioration on the carrier mobility, which significantly enhances the power factor over a broad temperature range with a high room‐temperature value around 47 μW cm−2 K−1. Simultaneously, the lattice thermal conductivity could be further suppressed via scattering phonons via dense dislocation scattering. As a result, the highest average figure of merit ZT of ≈1.08 from 300 to 850 K could be realized, comparable to the best reported result of single or triple‐filled Skutterudites. This work clearly points out that low‐angle grain boundaries fabricated by liquid phase compaction method could concurrently optimize the electrical and thermal transport properties leading to an obvious enhancement of both power factor and ZT.
Influence of Charge Transport and Defects on the Performance of Planar and Mesostructured Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Petrović Miloš , Ye Tao , Vijila Chellappan , Ramakrishna Seeram
Published: February 2017

Photoinduced charge selective carrier extraction by linearly increasing voltage technique allows straightforward assessment of charge transport properties within planar and mesostructured perovskite solar cells with respect to light intensity and signal delay time. Charge sensitive device architecture is realized through implementation of insulating layer between the anode or cathode to prevent extraction of unwanted type of carriers. Resulting behavior of comparatively efficient mesoporous and planar solar cells exhibits well balanced charge transport with slight dependence of charge mobility on applied laser pulse fluence, for given pulse delay times. Very similar charge carrier mobilities are present within mesoporous devices, whereas holes trail approximately half an order of magnitude behind electrons in planar structured specimens. Moreover, dispersive transport is identified in the electron selective devices with titanium oxide electron transporter, suggesting considerable presence of trapping states at the perovskite interface, whereas no such behavior characterizes planar samples. Variation in delay time between laser pulse and extraction ramp only affects initial charge concentration present within the device, while transient outlay remains unchanged, indicating absence of film charging effect.
Women in Emergency Medicine Residency Programs: An Analysis of Data From Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education–approved Residency Programs
Authors: DeFazio Christian R. , Cloud Samuel D. , Verni Christine M. , Strauss Jessica M. , Yun Karen M. , May Paul R. , Lindstrom Heather A.
Published: February 2017

Objective

Understanding the factors associated with attracting women to a residency program would help residency program leadership build programs that are appealing to women candidates. The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with the percentage of women residents in emergency medicine (EM) residency programs.

Methods

A list of 161 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education–approved EM residencies was compiled. The public websites for each of the residencies was queried for information on the following variables: residency region (Midwest, Northeast, South, West), residency length (3 years vs. 4 years), sex of the department chair, sex of the program director (PD), percentage of women faculty, and the number of residents by graduation class and sex.

Results

The websites of 161 EM residencies were reviewed. Complete data were available from a total of 143 programs representing 4,547 residents from the studied classes of 2014, 2015, and 2016. Overall, 38% were women (n = 1,743). The percentage of women residents per program varied from 0% to 68% across residency programs. There was no association between the percentage of women residents and residency region, sex of the department chair, and sex of the PD.

Conclusions

In this study, there was no evidence that EM residencies with a greater percentage of women faculty and women in select leadership roles had a greater percentage of women residents. There was also no evidence for regional variability in women's selection of residency programs. This study was limited to publicly available data and cannot address the many other complex factors which may play a role in women's decision making when choosing a residency.
A girl with developmental delay, ataxia, cranial nerve palsies, severe respiratory problems in infancy—Expanding NDST1 syndrome
Authors: Armstrong Linlea , Tarailo‐Graovac Maja , Sinclair Graham , Seath Kimberly I. , Wasserman Wyeth W. , Ross Colin J. , van Karnebeek Clara D. M.
Published: February 2017

NDST1 encodes an enzyme involved in the first steps in the synthesis of heparan sulfate chains, proteoglycans that are regulators found on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. Eight individuals homozygous for one of four family‐specific missense mutations in the sulfotransferase domain of the enzyme have been described. They have intellectual disability. Some additionally had hypotonia, ataxia. seizures, and/or short stature, but none had history of respiratory problems. No humans with homozygous null mutations are known. ndst1b (orthologous to NDST1) morpholino knockdown in zebrafish (Danio rerio) causes delayed development, craniofacial cartilage abnormalities, shortened body and pectoral fin length. Ndst1 homozygous null mice have craniofacial abnormalities and die within the first 10 h of life of respiratory failure. We report a girl upon whom deep phenotyping, extensive genetic and biochemical investigations, and exome sequencing were performed. She had cranial nerves dysfunction, gastroesophageal reflux, history of a seizure, ataxia, developmental delays, head sparing failure to thrive, and minor malformations including distinctive facial features and a bifid uvula. Compound heterozygous mutations in NDST1 were identified, in the heparan sulfate N deacetylatase domain of one allele and the sulfotransferase domain of the other allele. This report expands the phenotypic spectrum of Ndst1 deficiency in humans. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Homozygous mutation in PRUNE1 in an Oji‐Cree male with a complex neurological phenotype
Authors: Costain Gregory , Shugar Andrea , Krishnan Pradeep , Mahmutoglu Saadet , Laughlin Suzanne , Kannu Peter
Published: February 2017

The PRUNE1 gene encodes a member of the phosphoesterases (DHH) protein superfamily that is highly expressed in the human fetal brain and involved in the regulation of cell migration. Homozygous or compound heterozygous PRUNE1 mutations were recently identified in five individuals with brain malformations from four families. We present a case of a 2‐year‐old male with a complex neurological phenotype and abnormalities on brain MRI. Re‐annotation of clinical whole‐exome sequencing data revealed a homozygous likely pathogenic variant in PRUNE1 (c.521‐2A>G). These results further delineate a new PRUNE1‐related syndrome, and highlight the importance of periodic data re‐annotation in individuals who remain without a diagnosis after undergoing genome‐wide testing. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Atypical Angelman syndrome due to a mosaic imprinting defect: Case reports and review of the literature
Authors: Le Fevre Anna , Beygo Jasmin , Silveira Cheryl , Kamien Benjamin , Clayton‐Smith Jill , Colley Alison , Buiting Karin , Dudding‐Byth Tracy
Published: February 2017

Angelman syndrome (AS) is characterized by severe intellectual disability, limited, or absent speech and a generally happy demeanor. The four known etiological mechanisms; deletions, uniparental disomy, imprinting defects, and UBE3A mutation all affect expression of the UBE3A gene at 15q11‐q13. An atypical phenotype is seen in individuals who are mosaic for a chromosome 15q11‐q13 imprinting defect on the maternal allele. These patients present with a milder phenotype, often with hyperphagia and obesity or non‐specific intellectual disability. Unlike typical AS syndrome, they can have a vocabulary up to 100 words and speak in sentences. Ataxia and seizures may not be present, and the majority of individuals do not have microcephaly. Here we review the current literature and present three individuals with atypical AS caused by a mosaic imprinting defect to demonstrate why DNA methylation analysis at the SNRPN locus needs to be considered in a broader clinical context. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
First report of factors associated with satisfaction in patients with neurofibromatosis
Authors: Riklin Eric , Talaei‐Khoei Mojtaba , Merker Vanessa L. , Sheridan Monica R. , Jordan Justin T. , Plotkin Scott R. , Vranceanu Ana‐Maria
Published: February 2017

Patient satisfaction is an integral part of quality health care. We assessed whether health literacy and psychosocial factors are associated with patient satisfaction among adults with neurofibromatosis. Eighty adults (mean age = 44 years; 55% female, 87% white) with NF (50% NF1, 41% NF2, and 9% schwannomatosis) completed an adapted Functional, Communicative, and Critical Health Literacy Questionnaire (FCCHL), the Health Literacy Assessment, a series of Patient Reported Outcome Measures Information System (PROMIS) psychosocial tests, and demographics before the medical visit. After, participants completed two measures of satisfaction: the Medical Interview Satisfaction Scale (MISS) to assess satisfaction with the medical visit, and an adapted version of the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems Health Literacy Item Set (CAHPS‐HL) to assess satisfaction with communication with the provider. Although higher FCCHL health literacy (r = 0.319, P = 0.002), male gender (t = 2.045, P = 0.044) and better psychosocial functioning (r = −0.257 to 0.409, P < 0.05) were associated with higher satisfaction with the medical visit in bivariate correlations, only male gender and higher health literacy remained as significant predictors in multivariable analyses. Higher FCCHL health literacy, less pain interference, fewer pain behaviors, and higher satisfaction with social roles and social discretionary activities (r = −0.231 to 0.331, P < 0.05) were associated with higher satisfaction with the communication with the provider in bivariate analyses. Results support the use of psychosocial and health literacy measures in clinical practice. Referrals to psychosocial treatments in addition to brief interventions focused on increasing health literacy may also be beneficial. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Applying standard perikymata profiles to Pongo pygmaeus canines to estimate perikymata counts between linear enamel hypoplasias
Authors: O'Hara Mackie
Published: February 2017

Objectives

Recently, studies have interpreted regular spacing and average number of perikymata between dental enamel defects in orangutans to reflect seasonal episodes of physiological stress. To estimate the amount of time between developmental defects (enamel hypoplasia), studies have relied on perikymata counts. Unfortunately, perikymata are frequently not continuously visible between defects, significantly reducing data sets. A method is presented here for estimating the number of perikymata between defects using standard perikymata profiles (SPP) that allow the number of perikymata between all pairs of defects across a tooth to be analyzed. The SPP method should allow the entire complement of defects to be analyzed within the context of an individual's crown formation time.

Materials and methods

The average number of perikymata were established per decile and charted to create male and female Pongo pygmaeus SPPs. The position of the beginning of each defect was recorded for lower canines from males (n = 6) and females (n = 17). The number of perikymata between defects estimated by the SPP was compared to the actual count (where perikymata were continuously visible).

Results

The number of perikymata between defects estimated by the SPPs was accurate within three perikymata and highly correlated with the actual counts, significantly increasing the number of analyzable defect pairs.

Conclusion

SPPs allow all defect pairs to be included in studies of defect timing, not just those with continuously visible perikymata. Establishing an individual's entire complement of dental defects makes it possible to calculate the regularity (and potential seasonality) of defects.
Comparison of observed and expected levels of genetic diversity based on surname frequencies: An example from historical Massachusetts
Authors: Relethford John H.
Published: February 2017

Objectives

The inverse of random inbreeding based on surname frequencies (1/Fr) is an estimate of genetic diversity, and its expectation is a function of the number of migrants into a population. Observed and expected values of (1/Fr) were compared to determine if observed diversity matches theoretical expectations under conditions of rapid demographic change using data from historical Massachusetts.

Materials and methods

Data on migration and surnames were taken from 6,038 marriage records from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries from five towns in north‐central Massachusetts. Data for each town were broken down into a number of time cohorts defined by year of marriage, giving 33 samples based on town and year of marriage. The number of migrants (M) and the inverse of the random component of inbreeding (1/Fr) were derived for each sample based on surname frequencies.

Results

There was no significant difference between observed and expected values of 1/Fr in samples where there were 100 or more migrants. However, 1/Fr was significantly higher in samples where M < 100, which is possibly due to these samples not having reached equilibrium, resulting in higher than expected values of 1/Fr. Regression of residual values of 1/Fr (observed–expected) on the number of years since settlement supports this interpretation.

Conclusion

The number of migrants affects the level of genetic diversity inferred from surname frequencies, and the relationship between observed and expected measures depends on the number of migrants and the proximity of a given sample to an equilibrium state.
A Stable Hexakis(guanidino)benzene: Realization of the Strongest Neutral Organic Four‐Electron Donor
Authors: Eberle Benjamin , Kaifer Elisabeth , Himmel Hans‐Jörg
Published: February 2017

The growing demand for efficient batteries has stimulated the search for redox‐active organic compounds with multistage redox behavior, as materials with large charge capacity. Herein we report the synthesis and properties of the first hexakis(guanidino)benzene derivative: a strong neutral organic electron donor with reversible multistage redox behavior and a record low redox potential for donation of four electrons. Detailed structural and spectroscopic characterization of three redox states (0, +2, and +4) reveal its unique electronic features. Despite its nitrogen richness, the compound is thermally robust and can be readily purified by sublimation.
Supramolecularly Engineered Amphiphilic Macromolecules: Molecular Interaction Overrules Packing Parameters
Authors: Pramanik Prithankar , Ray Debes , Aswal Vinod K. , Ghosh Suhrit
Published: February 2017

We report molecular interaction‐driven self‐assembly of supramolecularly engineered amphiphilic macromolecules (SEAM) containing a single supramolecular structure‐directing unit (SSDU) consisting of an H‐bonding group connected to a naphthalene diimide chromophore. Two such SEAMs, P1‐50 and P2‐50, having the identical chemical structure and hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance, exhibit distinct self‐assembled structures (polymersome and cylindrical micelle, respectively) due to a difference in the H‐bonding group (hydrazide or amide, respectively) of the single SSDU. When mixed together, P1‐50 and P2‐50 adopted self‐sorted assembly. For either series of polymers, variation in the hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance does not alter the morphology reconfirming that self‐assembly is primarily driven by directional molecular interaction which is capable of overruling the existing norms in packing parameter‐dependent morphology control in an immiscibility‐driven block copolymer assembly.
Synthesis of Active Hexafluoroisopropyl Benzoates through a Hydrogen‐Bond‐Enabled Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed C−H Alkoxycarbonylation Reaction
Authors: Wang Yang , Gevorgyan Vladimir
Published: February 2017

A PdII‐catalyzed ortho C−H alkoxycarbonylation reaction of aryl silanes toward active hexafluoroisopropyl (HFIP) benzoate esters has been developed. This efficient reaction features high selectivity and good functional‐group tolerance. Notably, given the general nature of the silyl‐tethered directing group, this method delivers products bearing two independently modifiable sites. NMR studies reveal the presence of hydrogen bonding between HFIP and a pyrimidine nitrogen atom of the directing group, and it is thought to be crucial for the success of this alkoxycarbonylation reaction.
(Aminomethyl)pyridine Complexes for the Cobalt‐Catalyzed Anti‐Markovnikov Hydrosilylation of Alkoxy‐ or Siloxy(vinyl)silanes with Alkoxy‐ or Siloxyhydrosilanes
Authors: Lee Kangsang L.
Published: February 2017

Cobalt‐catalyzed anti‐Markovnikov reactions that involve siloxy‐ or alkoxy(vinyl)silanes and siloxy‐ or alkoxyhydrosilanes are disclosed. More than 25 new cobalt–(aminomethyl)pyridine complexes were developed as catalysts for the hydrosilylation of industry‐relevant and challenging siloxy‐ or alkoxy‐terminated vinylsilanes. These transformations typically proceed in the presence of 0.25 mol % of the cobalt complex with 0.75 mol % of the alkylating agent to afford the desired products in up to >98 % yield with >98 % anti‐Markovnikov selectivity in 30 min. The current protocol shows a broad substrate scope, delivering more than 25 siloxanes with siloxy or alkoxy functional groups at both termini, and can also be applied to polymeric vinyl‐ and hydrosiloxanes.
Synthesis and characterization of iron‐ and nitrogen‐functionalized graphene catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Othman Rapidah , Hossain Md. Sohrab , Jabarullah Noor H.
Published: February 2017

Iron‐ and nitrogen‐functionalized graphene (Fe‐N‐G), as well as iron‐ and nitrogen‐functionalized oxidized graphene (Fe‐N‐Gox) catalysts were synthesized as non‐noble metal electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The physical properties of the resultant catalysts were characterized using nitrogen adsorption measurements, X‐ray diffraction, Raman and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopies and transmission electron microscopy. Subsequently, ORR activities of the catalysts were determined electrochemically using a conventional three‐electrode cell via cyclic voltammetry with a rotating disc electrode, the results of which indicated that the synthesized catalysts had a marked electrocatalytic activity towards ORR in acid media. Among the synthesized catalysts, that functionalized using 2,4,6‐tris(2‐pyridyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine as nitrogen source had the highest electrocatalytic activity with the highest onset potential (0.98 V/SHE) and limiting current density (5.12 mA cm−2). The findings are particularly important to determine a non‐precious metal catalyst for ORR activity in fuel cells.
Two silver(I) complexes with bis(benzimidazole)‐2‐oxopropane ligands: Syntheses, crystal structures and DNA binding studies
Authors: Mao Shanshan , Shen Kesheng , Shi Xinkui , Xu Yuling , Wu Huilu
Published: February 2017

Two Ag(I) complexes, [Ag2(bobb)2]⋅(NO3)2 (1) and [Ag2(crotonate)2(aobb)]n (2) (bobb =1,3‐bis(1‐benzylbenzimidazol‐2‐yl)‐2‐oxapropane; aobb =1,3‐bis(1‐allylbenzimidazol‐2‐yl)‐2‐oxopropane), have been synthesized and characterized using elemental analysis, electrical conductivities, infrared and UV–visible spectral measurements and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Complex 1 is binuclear and three‐coordinated by two N atoms from two bobb ligands, while complex 2 is a unique metal organic compound with diamond‐like multinuclear Ag centers with each Ag bridged by two aobb ligands and two crotonate ions to form one‐dimensional single polymer chain structures and extended into two‐dimensional frameworks through π–π and intermolecular C─H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds. The adjacent Ag(I) centers are bridged by allyl from aobb which is not only a σ‐bonding ligand, but also a π‐acid ligand. The DNA binding modes of complexes 1 and 2 were investigated using electronic absorption titration, fluorescence spectra and viscosity measurements. The results suggest that the two complexes bind to DNA via an intercalative mode, and their binding affinity for DNA follows the order 2 > 1. This is due to the chelating effects which can enhance the planar functionality of the metal complexes.
Three novel Ni(II), VO(II) and Cr(III) mononuclear complexes encompassing potentially tridentate imine ligand: Synthesis, structural characterization, DNA interaction, antimicrobial evaluation and anticancer activity
Authors: Abdel‐Rahman Laila H. , Abu‐Dief Ahmed M. , Basha Maram , Hassan Abdel‐Mawgoud Azza A.
Published: February 2017

Three novel Cr(III),VO(II) and Ni(II) imine complexes derived from the condensation of 2‐aminophenol (AP) with 2‐hydroxynaphthaldehyde (HN) were synthesized. The prepared HNAP imine ligand and its complexes were investigated via various physicochemical tools. The results suggest that the parent ligand behaves as a dibasic tridentate ONO ligand, when coordinated to Cr(III) in octahedral and to Ni(II) in tetrahedral geometry. In the case of VO(II), it coordinates in distorted square pyramidal geometry. Also, the prepared compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activities against pathogenic bacteria, Escherichia coli (−ve), Bacillus subtilis (+ve) and Staphylococcus aureus (+ve), and some types of fungi, Aspergillus niger, Candida glabrata and Trichophyton rubrum. The results indicate that the complexes show a stronger antimicrobial efficiency compared to the pro‐ligand. The interaction of the prepared complexes with calf thymus DNA was investigated using spectral, viscosity and gel electrophoresis measurements. The obtained results clearly demonstrate that the binding affinity with calf thymus DNA follows the order HNAPCr > HNAPV > HNAPNi. The cytotoxic activity of the prepared compounds on human colon carcinoma cells (HCT‐116 cell line), hepatic cellular carcinoma cells (HepG‐2cell line) and breast carcinoma cells (MCF‐7cell line) was examined. From these results it is found that the investigated complexes have potent cytotoxicity against growth of carcinoma cells compared to the corresponding imine pro‐ligand.
Effectiveness of shore‐based remote camera monitoring for quantifying recreational fisher compliance in marine conservation areas
Authors: Lancaster Darienne , Dearden Philip , Haggarty Dana R. , Volpe John P. , Ban Natalie C.
Published: February 2017

Marine conservation areas require high levels of compliance to meet conservation objectives, yet little research has assessed compliance quantitatively, especially for recreational fishers. Recreational fishers take 12% of global annual fish catches. With millions of people fishing from small boats, this fishing sector is hard to monitor, making accurate quantification of non‐compliance an urgent research priority.

Shore‐based remote camera monitoring was tested for quantifying recreational non‐compliance in near‐shore, coastal rockfish conservation areas (RCAs) in the Salish Sea, Canada.

Six high definition trail cameras were used to monitor 42 locations between July and August 2014.

Seventy‐nine percent of monitored conservation area sites showed confirmed or probable fishing activity, with no significant difference in fishing effort inside and outside RCAs.

Mixed effects generalized linear models were used to test environmental and geographic factors influencing compliance. Sites with greater depth had significantly higher fishing effort, which may imply high, barotrauma‐induced, rockfish mortality in RCA sites.

Non‐compliance estimates were similar to aerial fly‐over compliance data from 2011, suggesting that trail camera monitoring may be an accurate and affordable alternative method of assessing non‐compliance in coastal conservation areas, especially for community‐based organizations wishing to monitor local waters.

Widespread non‐compliance could compromise the ability of RCAs to protect and rebuild rockfish populations. Increased education, signage, and enforcement is likely to improve compliance.
Reconstructing Palaeogeography and Inter‐island Visibility in the Wallacean Archipelago During the Likely Period of Sahul Colonization, 65–45 000 Years Ago
Authors: Kealy Shimona , Louys Julien , O'Connor Sue
Published: February 2017

The palaeogeography of the Wallacea Archipelago is a significant factor in understanding early modern human colonization of Sahul (Australia and New Guinea), and models of colonization patterns, as well as archaeological survey and site interpretation, are all heavily dependent on the specific palaeogeographic reconstruction employed. Here we present five reconstructions for the periods 65, 60, 55, 50, and 45 000 years ago, using the latest bathometric chart and a sea‐level model that is adjusted to account for the average uplift rate known from Wallacea. Using this data we also reconstructed island areal extent as well as topography for each time period. These reconstructions were then used to estimate visibility for each island in the archipelago, and finally to model how intervisible each island was during the period of likely human colonization. Our models provide the first evidence for intervisibility between Timor and Australia at ca. 65–62 ka and 47–12 ka, the second of which is notable for its overlap with the oldest radiocarbon dates from Timor‐Leste and Australia. Based on intervisibility alone, however, our study suggests that the northern route into Papua New Guinea was the most parsimonious route for first modern human entry into Sahul. Our study provides archaeologists with an important baseline from which to conduct physical surveys, interpret archaeological data, and theorize the colonization of Wallacea and Sahul. © 2017 The Authors. Archaeological Prospection Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Almost Sure Practical Exponential Stability of Nonlinear Disturbed Stochastic Systems with Guaranteed Decay Rate
Authors: Barbata Asma , Zasadzinski Michel , Chatbouri Ridha , Souley Ali Harouna , Messaoud Hassani
Published: February 2017

In this paper, we consider nonlinear stochastic differential equations driven by multiplicative noises and affected by exogenous disturbances. Sufficient conditions are investigated for almost sure practical exponential stability of the non trivial solutions of these equations. A lower bound of the decay rate of these solutions is guaranteed.
Multi‐stage multivariate modeling of temporal patterns in prescription counts for competing drugs in a therapeutic category
Authors: Serhiyenko Volodymyr , Ravishanker Nalini , Venkatesan Rajkumar
Published: February 2017

This article describes statistical analyses pertaining to marketing data from a large multinational pharmaceutical firm. We describe models for monthly new prescription counts that are written by physicians for the firm's focal drug and for competing drugs, as functions of physician‐specific and time‐varying predictors. Modeling patterns in discrete‐valued time series, and specifically time series of counts, based on large datasets, is the focus of much recent research attention. We first provide a brief overview of Bayesian approaches we have employed for modeling multivariate count time series using Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. We then discuss a flexible level correlated model framework, which enables us to combine different marginal count distributions and to build a hierarchical model for the vector time series of counts, while accounting for the association among the components of the response vector, as well as possible overdispersion. We employ the integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) for fast approximate Bayesian modeling using the R‐INLA package (r‐inla.org). To enhance computational speed, we first build a model for each physician, use features of the estimated trends in the time‐varying parameters in order to cluster the physicians into groups, and fit aggregate models for all physicians within each cluster. Our three‐stage analysis can provide useful guidance to the pharmaceutical firm on their marketing actions. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of the phase‐type mortality law to life contingencies and risk management
Authors: Kim Joseph H.T. , Bae Taehan , Kim Soyeun
Published: February 2017

The class of phase‐type distributions has recently gained much popularity in insurance applications due to its mathematical tractability and denseness in the class of distributions defined on positive real line. In this paper, we show how to use the phase‐type mortality law as an efficient risk management tool for various life insurance applications. In particular, pure premiums, benefit reserves, and risk‐loaded premiums using CTE for standard life insurance products are shown to be available in analytic forms, leading to efficient computation and straightforward implementation. A way to explicitly determine provisions for adverse deviation for interest rate and mortality is also proposed. Furthermore, we show how the interest rate risk embedded in life insurance portfolios can be analyzed via interest rate sensitivity index and diversification index which are constructed based on the decomposition of portfolio variance. We also consider the applicability of phase‐type mortality law under a few non‐flat term structures of interest rate. Lastly, we explore how other properties of phase‐type distributions may be applied to joint‐life products as well as subgroup risk ordering and pricing within a given pool of insureds. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.