bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endocrine disorders and their impact on reproductive health: modern aspects of diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Khairullin I.R. , Naddaf G.N. , Kovalev M.V. , Stepanenko E.D.
Published: July 2024

This work is a comprehensive review of modern aspects of the diagnosis and treatment of endocrine disorders and their impact on reproductive health. The basic principles of the functioning of the human endocrine system are highlighted, including the role of hormonal balance in maintaining the health and functioning of the reproductive system. Various types of endocrine disorders and their effects on reproductive health are also being investigated. In particular, conditions such as hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), hyperprolactinemia and diabetes, their symptoms, diagnosis and treatment are highlighted. Special attention is paid to the relationship between endocrine disorders and infertility, as well as methods of correcting hormonal imbalances to restore reproductive function. In addition, modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of endocrine disorders are discussed, including laboratory and instrumental methods, molecular genetic studies, as well as advanced approaches in pharmacological therapy, surgical interventions and alternative methods such as active surveillance and lifestyle changes.
The negative effects of lead paint on different physiological systems
Authors: Younes A.B. , Nasir A.S.
Published: July 2024

Lead (Pb) in paints is a serious public health hazard that has piqued the international community’s interest. Lead concentrations in lead-based paints have been assessed in several research conducted across the world. As a result, the goal of this article was to describe the findings of these research, give some knowledge of their human health consequences for law enforcement, and promote public awareness. The most notable gaps found have been highlighted in order to open the door for additional research efforts aimed at producing thorough data on this subject. Some of the evaluated studies found considerable amounts of lead in paints that were considerably over the allowable limits, despite the many regulatory controls on lead content in paints that exist worldwide. There have been reports of children cases of lead poisoning in a number of nations, including South Africa, France, Morocco, and the US. Lead levels in South Africa (145,000 ppm), China (860,000 ppm), and the US (22,550 ppm) have all been found to be high. 4,485.11 ppm in Thailand. India (104 ppm) and Palestine (6036 ppm). As a result, tight law enforcement measures pertaining to the progressive removal of paints containing lead and the management of lead content are required throughout the globe.
Study pattern of antibiotic resistance on staphylococcus aureus isolated from hospitals in AL-najaf city
Authors: Hashim N. , Jahil W.A.W.
Published: July 2024

Due to the improper use of antimicrobial drugs, rates of morbidity and mortality from antimicrobial resistance have been rising globally. Consequently, increasing our knowledge of and data on antimicrobial resistance in clinical settings makes it feasible to treat patients with more selective antimicrobial medications and lower the likelihood of resistance. Of the 100 isolates, 45 were female and 55 were male. Only 46 isolates have ability to growth on mannitol agar and only 21 isolates detect as S. aureus by Vitek-2, the study revealed that approximately S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius and S. sciuri with probability of 45.6 % and 34.7%, 19% respectively. For every S. aureus isolate, an antimicrobial susceptibility test against eleven antibiotics was conducted. should look into the pattern of multidrug resistance and the best course of treatment for this kind of bacteria. The susceptibility test was conducted using the antibiotic disc diffusion method, all isolate resistance to penicillin (100%), all S. aureus isolated was resistant to Tetracycline, Amikacin, Tobramycin, Gentamicin, Doxycycline, and Chloramphenicol with percentages of 95%, 88%, 75%, 64%, 75%, and 100%, respectively. The result showed the sensitive rate of S. aureus to Trimethoprim\Sulphamethoxazole and Trimethoprim and Rifampicin, Norfloxacin was 85%, 74%, 95%, 90%, it the most effective drugs used in the present study and which showed the lowest rates of resistance. The aim of this study is to study the resistance pattern of s. aureus bacteria isolated from patients suffering from skin diseases, including diabetic foot, burns, and others, collected from hospitals in the city of Najaf.
The Current Issue of Reporting Zakat in Indonesia: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Mohammad Qutaiba  , Mohd Owais  , Muharam Abdus Salam
Published: July 2024

The functions of zakat collection and distribution in Indonesia are carried out by both government and private institutions. Zakat funds hold significant economic development potential. Despite rapid growth in the past decade, the true potential of zakat remains largely untapped. Various factors contribute to suboptimal zakat management in Indonesia, such as ineffective zakat collection organizations, high administrative costs, and ineffective dissemination of information on the importance of zakat payment. This study focuses on the governance of zakat institutions in Indonesia, with a primary emphasis on the National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) and authorized Private Zakat Institutions (LAZ). This paper is based on a descriptive-analytical method, and it adopts qualitative research for the analysis of the available literature. The research is crucial for building trust, ensuring efficient zakat utilization for poverty alleviation, and enhancing social welfare within the Indonesian context. This research delves into the governance of zakat institutions in Indonesia, primarily focusing on the National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) (Zakat Institution of the Republic of Indonesia) and authorised Amil Zakat Institutions (LAZ) LAZ (Private Zakat Institutions). Despite official recognition, a lingering lack of trust among some members of the Muslim community necessitates a closer examination of transparency and accountability in zakat collection and distribution. The study aims to assess the reporting practices of zakat institutions, identifying areas for improvement to bolster confidence in the Muslim community. The research holds significance in fostering trust, ensuring effective zakat utilisation for poverty alleviation, and promoting social welfare.
Confrontation between the United States and Iran: dynamics and results of nuclear negotiations under the Joe Biden administration
Authors: Bobkin Nikolay
Published: July 2024

Election promises made by Joe Biden's team have raised hopes of a US return to the Iran nuclear deal. The article evaluates the initial parameters of a possible resumption of US participation in the nuclear agreement, analyzes the evolution of Biden's approaches to their implementation and examines the reaction of the Iranian side. The key factors that contributed to the change in US policy towards the previous strategy of coercion and pressure on Iran are identified. It concludes that the delay in the start of negotiations and the desire to renegotiate the original nuclear agreement by putting forward additional restrictions on Iran, along with the Biden administration's failure to ease sanctions, were the main reasons for the failure of the negotiations. The Biden administration currently does not have a clear policy regarding Iran and its nuclear program.
Trends of the US Military-Industrial Complex on the example of the analysis of the National Defense Industrial Strategy
Authors: Galkin Kirill
Published: July 2024

The article examines the main trends in the US military-industrial complex in the new geopolitical environment. The publication of the first National Defense Industrial Strategy at the end of 2023 reflected the views of the country's military establishment on the changed military environment in the world and confirmed the unpreparedness of the US defense industry for a potential conflict with an equal rival. The analysis of the key provisions of the Strategy gives an idea of the main directions of reforms of the country's defense industry, in order to prepare it for a likely high-intensity military conflict. The article makes an attempt to identify the main directions of reforms, the implementation of which becomes the most important task of the country to preserve the military-industrial base in the event of a direct military clash.
US: 50 years of Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program
Authors: Lebedeva Liudmila F.
Published: July 2024

The paper is highlighting the role of the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program which has become a guarantee of a minimum income for the aged, blind, disabled since 1974; providing financial assistance to the aged, disabled, or blind. The dynamics of cash payments, number of individuals receiving aid – in focus.
Foreign economic policy as a priority for ensuring US national security
Authors: Menshikova Anna
Published: July 2024

Giving US foreign trade policy the importance of one of the basic elements of the modern national security strategy of the United States has objectively determined a significant coincidence of the positions of the Democratic and Republican parties on the most fundamental issues of building trade and economic ties with foreign counterparties. The fact that there is no alternative to such a bipartisan consensus is a natural reaction to the ongoing profound transformations in the world economy under the influence of the processes of formation of a new architecture of the global multipolar world order and is aimed at ensuring economic stability and the national interests of the United States. Both parties are based on the destruction of the boundaries between domestic and foreign policy while defending the interests of the country's national security and the end of the era of globalization and neoliberal economic policies.
CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO EN COLOMBIA: TENDENCIAS EN LA SEGUNDA MITAD DEL SIGLO XX Y ESCENARIOS POSIBLES PARA EL SIGLO XXI
Authors: Pabón Caicedo José daniel
Published: July 2024

Con base en el uso del sistema de análisis estadístico RClimdex aplicado a las series climatológicas de diferentes regiones del territorio colombiano, se realizó una reevaluación de las tendencias de largo plazo observadas durante la segunda mitad de del siglo XX en la temperatura del aire, la precipitación y los eventos extremos de temperatura del aire y de lluvia; complementariamente, con ayuda de modelamiento del clima, se elaboraron escenarios A2 y B2 como posibles condiciones a observarse en el territorio colombiano durante  el siglo XXI. En cuanto a las tendencias actuales, se confirmó el calentamiento generalizado entre 0,1-0,2°C/decenio, la reducción de los fenómenos de heladas y el incremento de la frecuencia de las temperaturas máximas; así mismo, se señalan los cambios (reducciones y aumentos) en la precipitación anual y la frecuencia de los eventos de lluvia intensa en las diferentes regiones del territorio colombiano. Los escenarios para el siglo XXI indicaron incrementos paulatinos de la temperatura media del aire de 2-3° entre 2011-2014 y de 3 y 4°C hacia finales de siglo; aunque en los valles del Magdalena y del Cauca el calentamiento sería mayor que en el resto de regiones; la precipitación hacia finales del siglo XXI registraría reducciones hasta del 30% en la parte interandina, y en la región Caribe, y aumentos un poco más del 30% de los acumulados anuales observado en 1961-1990 en la región Pacífica, en los piedemonte orientales de la Cordillera Oriental y en un sector sobre el sur de Bolívar y Sucre.
TRANSFERENCIA DE OXÍGENO FOTOESTIMULADA CON COMPLEJOS DE MO (DIOXO) ANCLADOS EN TIO2
Authors: Paez Mozo Edgar Alberto
Published: July 2024

En este trabajo se presenta la formación de un sistema verde bioinspirado para la Transferencia de Oxígeno (TAO). Se estudió la TAO a Pf3 y etilbenceno empleando oxígeno molecular y luz UV-Vis, el catalizador consiste en complejos del tipo [Mo(=O)2 L], L=bipiridil (bipi), bipirazolil (bpz) anclandos sobre TiO2. La TAO se estimula por una corriente electrónica, generada por acción de radiación UV-visible sobre TiO2 , que es transferida a la unidad Mo=O para propiciar la TAO. La contribución del anión superóxido O2- , formado por reacción de los e - fotogenerados con el O 2, parece jugar un papel importante en la regeneración del centro activo Mo(=O)2 ya que en ausencia de luz la TAO solo es estequiométrica. Se observó que aunque el complejo bipirazolil es un buen agente en la TAO, debido a su propiedad donadora de electrones, el sistema es pobre en la activación de Oxígeno debido a su labilidad a la lixiviación en medio orgánico, para este efecto se obtiene un mejor balance con el ligando Bipi. Con estos sistemas se abre una perspectiva para el desarrollo de procesos verdes para la oxidación selectiva de compuestos orgánicos.
Existe una correlación entre personalidad y liderazgo. Un resumen de las principales teorías
Authors: Garzón-Lasso Fernando Alexander , Arenas-Arango Sandra Milena , Illera-Osorio Manuela
Published: July 2024

En el presente artículo se desarrolla una revisión bibliográfica de investigaciones académicas en el campo de la psicología organizacional; específicamente, se incluyen algunos estudios de liderazgo, realizados desde el siglo pasado hasta hoy. El propósito de esta revisión es identificar si existe una correlación entre el liderazgo eficaz y los distintos rasgos de personalidad que caracterizan al líder. Cabe anotar que las investigaciones sobre la relación entre personalidad y liderazgo se han incrementado a partir del surgimiento del modelo de los cinco grandes. Sin embargo, los hallazgos han sido heterogéneos en lo que respecta a cuál rasgo (extraversión, amabilidad, conciencia, neuroticismo y apertura a la experiencia) explica un estilo de liderazgo transformacional, transaccional o pasivo- evitativo.
The Stakhanovites of the peat industry of the 1930s: An answer to the modernization challenge of the era
Authors: Voeikov Evgeniy V. ,   Penza State Pedagogical Institute named after V. G. Belinsky Penza State University
Published: July 2024

The article examines the development of the Stakhanov movement in the peat industry of the USSR on the example of centralized peat farms of Glavtorf and peat processing of individual industrial enterprises and trusts in the territory of the Kuibyshev, Penza regions and the Mordovian ASSR during the pre-war five-year plans. The source base of the article was the funds of the Russian State Archive of Economics, regional archives of the Penza, Samara regions and the Republic of Mordovia, articles by peat specialists, an autobiographical brochure by the drummer Nikolai Zezyulin. Unlike other industries, for which historians have noted an increase in accidents, the specifics of the work of Stakhanovites on peat-mining machines were manifested in the prevention of breakdowns and improvement of equipment. In the peat industry at the all-Union and regional levels, there was a combination of material and moral factors stimulating the Stakhanov movement.
Formation of a research base on the Saratov voivodes of 1590–1700
Authors: Rabinovich Yakov N. ,   Saratov State University
Published: July 2024

The article deals with the question of how the accumulation of information about the leaders of Saratov, who served here since the founding of the city and up to the beginning of the XVIIIcentury. It isshown how this process isconnected with the publication of various documentary sources during the XIX – early XX centuries, with the publication of genealogical collections and biographical dictionaries, as well as with thecreation of the Saratov Academic Archival Commission. The names of the researchers who dealt with this issue are given. It is noted that quite often a long period oftime passes betweenthe publication ofsources or biographical dictionaries,whichcontain information about the voivodes of Saratov, and the use of these works by regional researchers.
From the history of the struggle of political prisoners for their rights: The riot in Tsaritsyn prison
Authors: Varfolomeev Yuri V. ,   Saratov State University
Published: July 2024

In the article, when researching the events related to the riot of prisoners in Tsaritsyn prison in June 1904, various aspects of the stay of political prisoners in prisons of the Russian Empire are comprehensively considered, with an emphasis on the study of tactics and methods of theirconfrontation with the prison administration, which they articulated as astruggle for their rights and dignity,considering it as acontinuation of the revolutionary struggle with tsarism. The article shows the conditions and causes of the maturation of the riot, as an excess of confrontation between political prisoners and the prison administration, and analyzes its consequences.
Public Perception toward Nursing Profession in Selective Arabic Communities
Authors: Hussein Ahmed Abdalla Yahya , AM Ahmed Waled , Abdulghani Alshameri Faroq , Ali Alkhadher Mugahed , MohamedAhmed Osman Abdalla , Abdo Mohammed Alwesabi Sadeq , Abd-Elazeem Abd-Elsalam Nahed , Jabreldar Abuanja Nimer Mohammed , Elfaki Nahid , Alkubati Sameer , Mohamed Amal A , Mohammed Gomaa Doalbet Salma , Obadi Abdulkhaliq , SA Hakami Manal , Yousif Magda
Published: July 2024

Background: The development of the nursing profession depends significantly on how communities perceive it. This study aims to identify the views and attitudes of Arabic communities, specifically those in Sudan, Yemen, and Egypt, toward the nursing profession.
 
Methods: A descriptive comparative study was used to identify the perception of Arabic communities (Sudan, Yemen, and Egypt) toward the nursing profession. The study was conducted in three Arabic countries (Sudan, Yemen, and Egypt) using an online approach by sending the link of questions to the targeted population using emails, WhatsApp, and social media. There were 529 participants from the three Arabic countries. The study was analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: A majority (75.6%) of the participants were aged <40 years, with most (82.9%) being between 21 and 30 years of age. There was a generally positive perception toward the nursing profession among these communities: 97.6% of Sudanese, 94.9% of Yemenis, and 96.1% Egyptian. There was a borderline statistical significance between the Sudanese and Egyptians' age and their perception toward their profession. Gender is the only factor influencing the perception in Sudan and Egypt, and while women have a higher positive perception in Egypt, men have a higher positive perception in Sudan.
Conclusion: Overall, the perception of Sudanese, Yemeni, and Egyptian communities toward the nursing profession is acceptable. The only influencing factor on the level of perception was Egyptian females who have high positive perception toward the nursing profession and Sudanese males who have high positive perception toward nursing profession We recommend further research to assess the perception toward nursing from different sociocultural backgrounds and on a larger sample size.
Penile Injury: Four Years’ Experience of a Single Surgeon in a Limited Resources Setting
Authors: Alzubier Mosab
Published: July 2024

Background: Penile injuries (PIs) are uncommon, with the management of severe cases being difficult. This study aims to examine the causes of PIs and present experience for their management using the limited facilities available in a hospital with low-resource settings.
Methods: The management of PIs in a limited-resource hospital in eastern Sudan was recorded over four years. Records of 32 cases of emergency penile surgical conditions between January 2016 and March 2020 were retrospectively reviewed, and 17 cases of significant PI were included in the study and divided into pediatric and adult groups with further subdivision of each group according to the nature of the injury.
Results: Seventeen patients with PIs were treated during the study period. The pediatric group (n = 4) were victims of traditional circumcision; two of them presented with glans penis (GP) amputation, one with gangrenous GP, and one with mild GP injury. The patients in the adult group were divided into three subgroups; the first group had penile fractures (n = 8), the second group had degloving PIs (n = 2), and the third group had penile amputation injuries (n = 3). Management included various surgical techniques tailored to the individual patients. The outcome of the intervention was presented on a case-by-case basis.
Conclusion: Severe PIs should be managed using a case-by-case approach. To enhance the effectiveness of surgical interventions, the field of reconstructive penile surgery must be established and developed. Community orientation and work safety measures should be implemented to avoid PIs that may result from traditional circumcision and machinery trauma.
Evaluation of Age-Friendliness in Primary Health Care Centers in Sulaimani Governorate, Iraq
Authors: Faris Muhammed Zana , Hussain Ali
Published: July 2024

Background: The aging of the global population has increased the demand for primary care of older adult’s health disorders. As the first point of contact for healthcare, primary care services should be accessible and adaptable to the needs of older people. This study aims to assess the age-friendliness of healthcare services at the primary healthcare centers (PHCCs) in Sulaimani Governorate, Iraq.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study included all 87 PHCCs in Sulaimani governorate (61 centers in Sulaimani city, 16 in Raparin Administration, and 10 in Garmyan Administration). In each of these health facilities, data were collected regarding the physical, architectural, and clinical age-friendliness of these centers. A modified age-friendly PHCCs toolkit was used as a tool for assessing the PHCCs, and then a scoring system was utilized to estimate the overall friendliness of the PHCCs.
Results: The Sulaimani governorate selected 13 out of 87 PHCCs (14.9%) to be age-friendly; all of them were in Sulaimani city. However, this study found that only 3 out of 87 (3.4%) centers were in the range of the WHO age-friendly recommendations with a score of >75%, while 64 (73.6%) centers were partially age-friendly with a score of 50–74% and 20 (23%) centers were not age-friendly with a score <50%.
Conclusion: Only 3.4% of PHCCs in Sulaimani Governorate were age-friendly, and most of the centers were partially age-friendly. Geriatric doctors and geriatric nurses were not recruited, and geriatric training programs for medical staff were not satisfactory.
The Spectrum of Pediatric Skin Diseases: A Prospective Study in Sudan
Authors: Nsraldein Abass Mahasin , Ahmed Mohammed Muaath , Hashim Elgadal Amani
Published: July 2024

Background: In line with the World Health Organization's (WHO) campaign to improve community dermatology services, research on the spectrum of pediatric skin diseases is crucial for both patients and policymakers. Identifying the spectrum of pediatric skin conditions among children visiting the Khartoum Dermatological Hospital's outpatient dermatology clinic was the goal of this study.
Methods: Over six months, a prospective cross-sectional study including children (0–18 years old) was undertaken. Once the pertinent medical history and examinations were gathered, dermatologists made the diagnosis. Skin conditions were divided into several categories. The analysis of the data was done with the SPSS version 23.
Results: A total of 320 children, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.1:1, were enrolled. Ten categories with 38 different skin diseases were established after diagnosis. Infections in 152 (47.5%), eczematous disorders in 89 (27.8%), and appendageal disorders in 19 (5.93%) children were the most prevalent conditions by group. Impetigo (37.5%), scabies (10.9%), and seborrheic dermatitis (10.6%) were the most frequently seen diseases. These illnesses most commonly afflicted the areas of the limbs (30%), face (20%), and scalp (18.7%). Papules in 148 (46%) and scales in 74 (23%) children were the most prevalent primary and secondary efflorescence, respectively. A clinical diagnosis was made in the majority (266 [83.1%]) of the cases.
Conclusion: The most frequently observed group was infection. This demonstrates how crucial it is to maintain good personal and family hygiene, minimize overcrowded spaces, and promoting public health.
“Consciencia” lingüística y desarrollo cognitivo en la formación universitaria
Authors: Ardila J. Clemencia , López F. Sonia
Published: July 2024

En este trabajo se presenta el modelo teórico, pedagógico y didáctico que rige en la actualidad los cursos de habilidades comunicativas en la Universidad Eafit. Este modelo detenta un carácter comunicativo e interdisciplinar cuyo centro lo constituye el estudiante y su universo lingüístico. Es un modelo sociocultural, de apertura hacia el lenguaje y su función social, pragmática y comunicativa, cuya directriz es el desarrollo de competencias comunicativas (lectura, escritura, escucha y habla).
Age, Conditions and Sources of Igneous Rocks of Gora Rudnaya (Southern Yakutia)
Authors: Guzev V. E. , Leontiev V. I. , Belyatsky B. V. , Terekhov A. V. , Molchanov A. V.
Published: July 2024

The paper presents the results of a complex petrogeochemical and isotope-geochemical (Rb–Sr and Sm–Nd systems) study of alkaline syenites and ore-bearing metasomatites (beresites) of the Gora Rudnaya (Southern Yakutia, Russia), as well as a comparison with compositionally similar massifs of the Aldan Mesozoic igneous province. The Gora Rudnaya, together with the recently discovered Morozkinskoye deposit, is located within the Central Aldan ore region. The massif is composed predominantly of alkaline syenites with a minor amount of alkaline porphyritic syenites, which are intruded by later dikes and sills of alkaline syenite porphyries and calc-alkaline lamprophyres. Industrial gold mineralization is confined to beresitization zones (Qz–Ser– Ank–Py) in areas of intense metasomatic reworking of rocks along steeply dipping fault structures within the intrusion. The obtained Rb–Sr age values for ore-bearing metasomatites (132±1 Ma) indicate subsynchronism of the ore process and crystallization of alkaline syenites, which corresponds to the time of manifestation of the main stage of magmatism in the Aldan Mesozoic igneous province (150–115 Ma). The rocks of the Gora Rudnaya do not differ in petrogeochemical and isotope-geochemical characteristics from rocks of similar composition from other massifs of the Aldan Mesozoic igneous province, indicating a wide lateral distribution of enriched EM I type mantle beneath the studied region. Variations in the initial isotopic composition of neodymium ((143Nd/144Nd) : from 0.511375 to 0.511636) in the studied samples are probably due to the heterogeneity of the source composition. At the same time, the calculated model ages indicate that the enriched mantle source was formed no later than 2.0–2.5 Ga.
Удосконалення автоматизованої системи «Надзвичайна ситуація» у взаємодії з АСК ВП УЗ Є для керування рухом поїздів із використанням системи підтримки прийняття рішень
Authors: Гайдук Дмитро Андрійович , Бутько Тетяна Василівна
Published: July 2024

Продукцію завжди супроводжують  ризики на кожному з етапів – від  виробництва до реалізації. На залізничному транспорті під  продукцією розуміють перевезення вантажів і пасажирів, і цей процес також перебуває під постійними  потенційними ризиками – від початку підготовки рухомого складу або  вантажу до перевезення й до його здійснення. Одним із напрямів, спрямованих на мінімізацію ризиків, є використання автоматизованих систем (АС).На залізничному транспорті АС  активно застосовують за різних напрямів діяльності, проте в останні  роки майже відсутній їхній розвиток. У перевізному процесі головною автоматизованою системою  виступає  АСК ВП УЗ Є, яка зберігає та обробляє великий масив інформації, що поступає у вигляді вхідних даних із таких основних автоматизованих робочих місць, як АРМ ДСП, ДНЦ, ДГП, агентів комерційних тощо.У роботі проведено аналіз  впроваджуваної АС «Надзвичайна ситуація» і запропоновано структуру її взаємодії з АСК ВП УЗ Є для організації перевізного процесу в разі виникнення нестандартних ситуацій у вигляді системи підтримки прийняття рішень (СППР).
Оцінювання параметрів неперервного зондуючого сигналу при тестуванні обмотки статора трифазного асинхронного двигуна
Authors: Ананьєва Ольга Михайлівна , Бабаєв Михайло Михайлович , Давиденко Михайло Георгійович , Панченко Владислав Вадимович
Published: July 2024

Надійна робота тягового електродвигуна протягом його терміну служби, а також протяжність самого цього терміну залежать від своєчасного виявлення  несправностей або тенденцій до них. Це досягається як прямим, так і непрямим контролем і, шляхом інтерпретації отриманих даних, винесенням діагностичних рішень. Електричні параметри обмоток двигуна несуть як пряму інформацію про їхній стан, так і інформацію про технічний стан низки  афілійованих вузлів. Електричні параметри обмотки контролюються шляхом вимірювання амплітуди та початкової фази адитивно внесеного до неї синусоїдного струму відомої частоти. Результати вимірювань можуть бути спотворені в результаті проникнення у вимірювальне коло імпульсної  завади. Момент появи завади, її протяжність та спектральна щільність апріорно невідомі. Авторами  знайдено математичний опис функції правдоподібності суми неперервного сигналу та одиночної імпульсної  завади. Спираючись на нього, отримано вирази для обчислення оцінок амплітуди та фази тестового струму з урахуванням індивідуальних величин параметрів вказаної завади.
Удосконалення системи електроживлення об’єктних контролерів мікропроцесорної централізації
Authors: Мойсеєнко Валентин Іванович , Гаврилов Микола Олександрович
Published: July 2024

У статті розглянуто удосконалення системи електроживлення мікропроцесорних централізацій і  розроблено рекомендації з удосконалення показників надійності живлення об´єктних контролерів. Наведено порівняльний аналіз показників працездатності навантаження для традиційної системи живлення та застосування АПФ. Визначено переваги та недоліки кожної з систем. Сформульовано критерії, за якими слід розробляти пристрої електропостачання МПЦ.
Регулювання користуванням радіочастотним спектром в системах залізничного технологічного радіозв’язку
Authors: Єлізаренко Андрій Олександрович , Єлізаренко Ігор Олександрович
Published: July 2024

В статті розглянуті зміни в  законодавстві України в зв’язку з  набуттям чинності Закону України  «Про електронні комунікації». Закон  регулює взаємовідносини між  постачальниками  телекомунікаційних послуг та  споживачами і стосується всіх  користувачів в сфері регулювання  користування радіочастотним  спектром. Окремим законом  регламентується діяльність  Національної комісії з електронних  комунікацій, яка здійснює державне регулювання та державний нагляд в сфері електронних комунікацій.Технологічний радіозв’язок на  залізницях України є типовим  представником сухопутного  рухомого радіозв’язку. Для  залізничного радіозв’язку  актуальність питань пов’язана з  необхідністю модернізації  радіомереж, які в теперішній час  працюють в аналоговому режимі в  метровому діапазоні радіохвиль. В  зв’язку з цим важливим є  запровадження сучасних  радіотехнологій з освоєнням нових діапазонів радіочастот.В роботі розглянуті основні напрямки модернізації систем залізничного  технологічного радіозв’язку та  процедури планування,  виділення, розподілу та  користування радіочастотним  спектром у світлі нового  законодавства.
Dinámicas de producción de gases de efecto invernadero en los sectores de acero y de vehículos
Authors: Montenegro Robles Roberto Alfonso , Calderon Diaz Mayda Alejandra
Published: July 2024

El sector de fundición y el sector automotriz son fuente de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, entender las relaciones y dinámicas entre ambos sectores permite diseñar mejores estrategias que busquen reducir los niveles de emisión de gases de efecto invernadero y así lograr la mitigación del cambio climático. Dado que la dinámica de un sector está influenciada por la dinámica propia y la del otro, sujeto también a límites de crecimiento, el objetivo de este documento es diseñar un sistema que represente la interacción entre el sector de la fundición de acero y el sector de la automoción lo que permite identificar la dinámica en términos de generación de gases de efecto invernadero.
Ohranjanje gozdnih genskih virov s semenarskim praktikumom
Authors: Kraigher Hojka
Published: July 2024

Učbenik je namenjen študentom in izvajalcem strokovnih nalog s področja ohranjanje biotske raznolikosti s poudarkom na ohranjanju genetske pestrosti, gojiteljem gozdov ter gozdnim semenarjem in drevesničarjem. Predstavitev osnov gozdne genetike, pomena in teoretičnih izhodišč za ohranjanje gozdnih genskih virov, Strategije za ohranjanje gozdnih genskih virov v Evropi in programa EUFORGEN in SIFORGEN (Slovenski program za ohranjanje gozdnih genskih virov). Predstavitev botaničnih osnov o strukturi semena in fiziologiji kalitve. Tehnologije pridobivanja, dodelave in shranjevanja ter kalitve semena gozdnih drevesnih vrst. Osnove vzgoje sadik v gozdnih drevesnicah. Evropska in slovenska zakonodaja s področja gozdnega reprodukcijskega materiaala. Primeri dokumentov, ki se uporabljajo pri odobritvi gozdnih semenskih objektov in certificiranju gozdnega reprodukcijskega materiala.
Under-Reporting and Under-Recording of Hate Crimes against Muslim Women in Italy
Authors: Broccolo Cinzia , Grigaliūnaitė Rūta , Saint-Nom Cloé , Savasta Guido
Published: July 2024

The chapter analyses the root causes of under-reporting (the low number of reports from victims and witnesses), which causes a lack of recognition of the discriminatory matrix of reported crimes and, therefore, under-recording (erroneous reporting and investigation – by law enforcement agencies) of hate crimes against Muslim women in Italy. A survey of practitioners and members of the Muslim community in Italy was conducted between May and September 2022. The findings reveal that multiple factors contribute to the low reporting rate and the flaws in recording episodes of hate speech and hate crimes of intolerance and hatred towards Muslim women. Lack of trust in the judiciary or the police and the significant “tendency” to not report a case of intolerance represent the main causes of under-reporting. This brings out a habituation of victims towards hate and discrimination.
Tools of war
Authors: Bellas Ioannis , Głuszek Inga , Farrokh Kaveh , Mielczarek Mariusz , Szolnoki Zoltán , Sebők Ferenc , Picchianti Simone , Gudmann Joseph Rafael , Hański Oleg , Khorasani Manouchehr Moshtagh , Hubený David , Kruglova Nadezda , Ambrochowicz-Gajownik Anna
Published: July 2024

This 10th volume of the Oblicza Wojny (Faces of War) series, contains 12 papers written by archaeologists and historians from Czechia, Greece, Canada, Germany, Poland, Hungary, and Italy. Such a team of researchers not only ensures an interdisciplinary approach to the issue at hand but also guarantees a multifaceted approach.
All papers address the problem named in the title of this volume: the Tools of War. We can distinguish several levels of research undertaken by the Authors: themes related to the armaments of particular armies and fortification systems; references to military formations and the impact of their development on the battlefield; diplomacy as a tool during war, and less obvious issues: money, bicycle, and even a lekythos.
The Tools of War in the Cancellieri Vendetta
Authors: Szolnoki Zoltán
Published: July 2024

The Cancellieri vendetta, a conflict between members of the Cancellieri clan, took place in the 13th century, perhaps in the year 1300. In terms of narrative sources, we can identify two distinct groups of records: the Florentine tradition and the Pistoia chronicle. The vendetta determined the history of both Pistoia and the Tuscan region, as the antagonisms among the Pistoiain elite caused similar factional strife in Florence as well when the leaders of the two Cancellieri factions moved to the nearby city. The so-called ‘White’ Cancellieri were linked with the Florentine White Guelphs; the other party were linked with the Florentine Black Guelphs. The leaders of the Florentine factions – the Donati (Blacks) and the Cerchi (Whites) – were opponents in everyday politics. The impulse of the Cancellieri clan members had a huge effect on the situation leading to violent factional wars in Florence that ended in 1308. In my study, I analyse the narrative sources of this period, both from Pistoia and from Florence, and examine the tools used in the fights: the ‘tangible’ weapons that were mentioned by the anonymous writer from Pistoia and the ‘narrative’ tools of the Florentine tradition.
Militia Portalis
Authors: Sebők Ferenc
Published: July 2024

The militia portalis system was introduced in Hungary in 1397. According to royal decree, each landowner was required to equip one mounted archer for every 20 peasant plots (porta) on his estate. Members of the lesser nobility were required to join their financial resources and do the same for every 20 peasant plots. This system was employed against the Ottomans and other opponents of the realm, though it was most effective against Turkish light cavalry, as their way of warfare was similar to that of Hungarian light cavalry. Warriors serving in the banderia of ecclesiastical and secular lords cannot be regarded as mercenaries in the proper sense of the word (though sometimes they received money for their services) – in most cases they served their lords for subsistence, provisions, land donations, and support for rise in social status. From a military point of view, the soldiers of ecclesiastical banderia were the most effective, and the ones serving in the units of secular lords and the counties were less useful on the battlefield. During the rule of King Matthias (1458–1490) the first mercenary army in Hungarian history was organised, but the militia portalis system was also upheld. In the Jagiellonian period (1490–1526) the system was reinvigorated and served successfully against smaller-scale Ottoman forces, but it was incapable of withstanding the all-out attacks in 1521 and 1526.
Cavalry Unit of Jan Buczacki from the year 1501
Authors: Hański Oleg
Published: July 2024

This article considers the offensive and defensive armament, organisational structure, and condition of horses in the King of Poland’s 200-horse mercenary company under the command of rittmeister (rotmistrz) Jan Buczacki in 1501. As a part of the permanent defence system (obrona potoczna), this company was stationed in the territory of the Kingdom of Poland’s Ruthenian Lands in order to protect the lives and property of the local residents from the military threats of Tatar and Moldavian forces. The article presents the results of a source study and a statistical analysis of a part of a hand-written military registry from 1501, which is stored in the Central Archives of Historical Records in Warsaw. In the registry records, 24 knights (men-at-arms, or companions – towarzysze), including the captain, were mentioned by their name or nickname, while the majority of the soldiers and squires remained anonymous. In total, the company comprised 171 men (including 24 knights and 2 military musicians) and 29 squires. The records report that the company had 135 pieces of offensive armament (102 crossbows, 30 lances, 3 matchlocks) and 174 pieces of defensive armament (28 full plate knights’ armours, 106 shooters’ armours, 5 chain mails, a breastplate, a sallet helmet, an armet helmet, and a small shield – a buckler). According to the type of armaments, the soldiers of the unit can be divided into four categories: heavy lancers (kopijnicy), arbalists, demi-lancers (półkopijnik), and swordsmen. In addition, the registry includes detailed records describing the company’s horses, which were classified as either spearman or shooters’ horses. In particular, there were 56 heavy lancers’ horses, 137 shooters’ horses, and 7 horses belonging to neither of those categories.
Чехословацкие военные велосипеды (1918–1939)
Authors: Hubený David , Kruglova Nadezda
Published: July 2024

W ostatnich dekadach XIX w. rozwój kolarstwa przyciągnął uwagę zaawansowanych armii, które zrozumiały zalety szybkiego przemieszczania się piechoty oraz możliwości pozostawienia rowerów bez opieki. Było to niewątpliwym atutem w przeciwieństwie do, na przykład kawalerii, gdzie część składu szeregowego, musiała być wydzielona do opieki nad końmi. Opieka nad rowerem okazała się znacznie prostsza i tańsza niż nad drogimi w utrzymaniu zwierzętami. Armia czechosłowacka od chwili swego powstania korzystała z jednostek rowerowych, a każdy batalion graniczny miał własną kompanię rowerową. Na początku lat trzydziestych XX w. pojawiło się kilka opracowań dotyczących oddziałów rowerowych, zaś niedługo potem zostały utworzone bataliony rowerowe w ramach brygad kawalerii i szybkich dywizji (rýchla divízia). W 1938 r. bataliony rowerowe brały udział w tłumieniu powstania terrorystów genleinowskich, rowerzyści działały również na terytorium Podkarpacia, gdzie tłumili działalność polskich i węgierskich grup dywersyjnych.
Gdy tylko stało się jasne, że rowerów można używać do celów wojskowych, pojawiło się pytanie, jak powinny wyglądać rowery odpowiednie do tych celów. Artykuł podejmuje kwestię czechosłowackich rowerów wojskowych, ich niewystarczającej jakości i niedbałego podejścia administracji wojskowej do rozwiązania tego problemu.
Artykuł opiera się na materiałach archiwalnych przechowywanych w zbiorach Centralnego Archiwum Wojskowego – Archiwum Historycznego Wojska (Vojenský ústřední archiv – Vojenský historický archiv) i archiwach niektórych producentów rowerów, a także na literaturze z badanego okresu i opublikowanych doświadczeniach wojskowych jednostek rowerowych.
The Tendency of Livestock Growth in Ethiopia: A Review
Authors: Begna Desalegn , Kuma Tadese , Yohannes Zemene
Published: July 2024

Ethiopia ranks first in Africa and 5th in the globe in its livestock population. The livestock subsector is immensely contributing about 60-70 % to the population’s livelihood and about 80% of the farmers use animal traction to plough their croplands. This study involved gathering livestock-based data from the Central Statistical Agency (CSA) for the years 2004/05 to 2018/19. Additionally, information on livestock holders was systematically organized and analyzed to track progress over the years. Quantifiable values indicating increases were presented in tables and figures. The relationship between cattle numbers and livestock owners’ growth trends was tested using the Pearson correlation. The findings were further supported or challenged through a comprehensive literature review. The data show that the cattle population grew by 57% in 2018/19 than the number it was at the end of 2004/05 and the number of cattle owners increased by about 53 %. Likewise, the total number of sheep population grew by 82.69 % and their holders by 53%, the total goat heads grew by 162.2% and the camel population by 284%. From the total stock of cattle, 97.92% and 99.72% of sheep and all the goats and camels were identified as indigenous, respectively. The study found a significant and strong correlation (p less than 0.01) between the number of animals used for production and the number of holders. This suggests that the growth in livestock population is primarily due to an increased number of livestock owners, rather than an increase in the number of animals per holder. The work identifies bottlenecks in livestock development and provides insights into growth trends and underlying causes. It highlights opportunities for policy interventions to enhance sustainable livestock production. Further research is recommended on addressing feed and water shortages and evaluating policy and institutional setup effectiveness.
Effects of Different Synthetic and Organic Fertilizer Applications on the Micromorphological Characteristics of Maize (Zea mays L.) Leaves and Some Silage Quality Traits
Authors: Yıldırım Gözde Hafize , Yılmaz Nuri , Soysal Ayşe Özge Şimşek , Öztürk Şükran , Akçin Öznur Ergen , Ay Ebru Batı
Published: July 2024

Background: Fertilization is an important cultural practice used to support plant growth and development. Fertilizers provide plants with the nutrients they need, which help them to photosynthesize, grow and develop. Fertilizers are divided into two groups: organic and synthetic. Organic fertilizers are derived from organic materials such as manure, compost and bat guano. Synthetic fertilizers are produced using chemical methods. Methods: This study was conducted to determine the effects of different synthetic and organic fertilizer applications on silage quality and some micromorphological characteristics in maize plants. The study was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The RX-9292 silage maize variety was used as the plant material. Six different organic and synthetic fertilizer types with different contents (Control, Synthetic Fertilizer-1 (20 kg N, 8 kg P and 8 kg K per decare), Synthetic Fertilizer-2 (20 kg N, 10 kg P and 10 kg K per decare), Poultry Manure, Cattle Manure and Vermicompost). were used in the study. The ADF (%) (Acid Detergent Insoluble Fiber), NDF (%) (Neutral Detergent Insoluble Fiber), ADL (%) (Acid Detergent Insoluble Lignin), SDMR (%); (Silage Dry Matter Content) properties of the silage obtained were then examined. Additionally, the thickness of the cuticle, number and size of stoma-epidermis cells and stoma index of the leaves were measured and observed using Scanning Electron Microscopy. Result: As a result of the measurements and observations, it was found that both synthetic and organic fertilizer applications increased the yield and quality values in silage maize, but synthetic fertilizer applications were more advantageous than organic fertilizers. However, considering the environmental damage of synthetic fertilizers and the importance of organic fertilizer applications for animal health, organic fertilization is thought to be more appropriate.
Empowering Women Through Sport: Developing for Competition and Life
Authors: James Laken , Collins Dave , Nash Christine
Published: July 2024

Development through sport has a long and varied history in sport psychology. Unfortunately, there appears to be an under-representation of females in sport psychology research, both generally and in this important area. Thus, it is fair to assume that female athletes are likely receiving coaching, guidance, and psychological strategies focused on their development, but informed by evidence based primarily on males. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to introduce that females need their own specific research to best help them build empowering psychological characteristics. Reflecting the comparatively small numbers who make it to the top, such systems must not only help them in their sport, but also help them succeed in life. Indeed, we propose that the development of the necessary psychological characteristics could help females face the equality challenges they face in sport and in future leadership roles. Furthermore, that there needs to be a shift in focus when it comes to sport, and female athletes should not only be developed for their sport but also from their sport.