bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Public Participatory Role in Urban Flood Risk Management of Ho Chi Minh City - Vietnam: From Awareness to Action
Authors: Anh Pham Thi , Ngoc Nguyen Thi Bao
Published: September 2019

Urban flooding has become a regular phenomenon in many towns and cities in the world over the past years. Flooding in urban areas in Ho Chi Minh City poses serious challenges not only by affecting large numbers of people and properties in urban areas but also directly hindering the economic growth of the city. Despite the huge technical effort to improve the city's drainage system, which is necessitated by phenomenal growth of the city and the challenges of climate change and land subsidence, it is impossible to put and end to flooding. The human factor appears an important element in the flooding problem and the efforts of flood reduction. In this study the emphasis was laid on the issue of inappropriate garbage disposal which leads to obstruction of drainage systems. As a part of a well-planned strategy an interactive survey was conducted in about 820 households in flooding areas. The survey focused on awareness and behavior of public garbage disposal of households living in flooded areas. People have an understanding of the causes of flooding, and have a sense of environmental protection, they can contribute to reducing flooding. In addition to technological solutions, community awareness, solutions for management and sanctioning are necessary.
Thermal Transport in 3D Nanostructures
Authors: Zhan Haifei , Nie Yihan , Chen Yongnan , Bell John M. , Gu Yuantong
Published: September 2019

This work summarizes the recent progress on the thermal transport properties of 3D nanostructures, with an emphasis on experimental results. Depending on the applications, different 3D nanostructures can be prepared or designed to either achieve a low thermal conductivity for thermal insulation or thermoelectric devices or a high thermal conductivity for thermal interface materials used in the continuing miniaturization of electronics. A broad range of 3D nanostructures are discussed, ranging from colloidal crystals/assemblies, array structures, holey structures, hierarchical structures, to 3D nanostructured fillers for metal matrix composites and polymer composites. Different factors that impact the thermal conductivity of these 3D structures are compared and analyzed. This work provides an overall understanding of the thermal transport properties of various 3D nanostructures, which will shed light on the thermal management at nanoscale.
Graphene Nanoarchitectonics: Recent Advances in Graphene‐Based Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Huang Huajie , Yan Minmin , Yang Cuizhen , He Haiyan , Jiang Quanguo , Yang Lu , Lu Zhiyong , Sun Ziqi , Xu Xingtao , Bando Yoshio , Yamauchi Yusuke
Published: September 2019

Under the double pressures of both the energy crisis and environmental pollution, the exploitation and utilization of hydrogen, a clean and renewable power resource, has become an important trend in the development of sustainable energy‐production and energy‐consumption systems. In this regard, the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) provides an efficient and clean pathway for the mass production of hydrogen fuel and has motivated the design and construction of highly active HER electrocatalysts of an acceptable cost. In particular, graphene‐based electrocatalysts commonly exhibit an enhanced HER performance owing to their distinctive structural merits, including a large surface area, high electrical conductivity, and good chemical stability. Considering the rapidly growing research enthusiasm for this topic over the last several years, herein, a panoramic review of recent advances in graphene‐based electrocatalysts is presented, covering various advanced synthetic strategies, microstructural characterizations, and the applications of such materials in HER electrocatalysis. Lastly, future perspectives on the challenges and opportunities awaiting this emerging field are proposed and discussed.
Base‐Promoted Aerobic Oxidation/Homolytic Aromatic Substitution Cascade toward the Synthesis of Phenanthridines
Authors: Maiti Debabrata , Halder Atreyee , De Sarkar Suman
Published: September 2019

The current protocol represents a transition metal‐free synthesis of polysubstituted phenanthridines from abundant starting materials like benzhydrol and 2‐iodoaniline derivatives. The reaction involves sequential oxidation of alcohol and direct condensation reaction with the amine resulting in a C−N bond formation followed by a radical C−C coupling in a cascade sequence. The used base potassium tert‐butoxide plays a dual role in dehydrogenation and homolytic aromatic substitution reaction. Using this methodology, twenty substituted phenanthridine derivatives were synthesized with up to 85% isolated yield.

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Fibroblasts Promote Proliferation and Matrix Invasion of Breast Cancer Cells in Co‐Culture Models
Authors: Plaster Madison , Singh Sunil , Tavana Hossein
Published: September 2019

Fibroblasts are an abundant cell type in tumor microenvironments. Activated fibroblasts, known as carcinoma‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs), interact with cancer cells through biochemical signaling and render cancer cells proliferative, invasive, and resistant to therapeutics. Targeting CAFs–cancer cells interactions offers a strategy to block cancer progression. 2D and 3D co‐cultures of human mammary fibroblasts and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells are used to investigate the impact of heterotypic cellular interactions on the proliferation of matrix invasion of TNBC cells. The results show that fibroblasts secreting a chemokine, CXCL12, significantly enhance proliferation of TNBC cells expressing the chemokine receptor, CXCR4. Disrupting this interaction with a receptor antagonist normalizes cancer cell proliferation to that of a co‐culture model lacking this signaling. When co‐culture spheroids are embedded in collagen, fibroblasts producing CXCL12 promote collagen invasion of TNBC cells. Although co‐cultures containing normal fibroblasts also lead to TNBC cell spreading into the matrix, a morphological analysis of cells and inhibition of chemokine‐receptor signaling shows that this spreading is due to the incompatibility of fibroblasts and cancer cells leading to the segregation of the two cell types from the spheroid.
All‐Oxide Thin Film Transistors and Rectifiers Enabling On‐Chip Capacitive Energy Storage
Authors: Wang Zhenwei , Alshammari Fwzah H. , Omran Hesham , Hota Mrinal K. , Al‐Jawhari Hala A. , Salama Khaled N. , Alshareef Husam N.
Published: September 2019

All‐oxide, fully‐transparent thin film transistors and rectifiers, processed entirely by atomic layer deposition, have been developed for on‐chip capacitive energy storage. Fully depleted thin film transistor (TFT) operation is achieved by optimizing the carrier concentration in the ZnO channels. The TFTs show an average saturation mobility of 10.5 cm2 V−1 s−1, a stable positive turn‐on voltage of 0.88 V, a low subthreshold swing of 0.162 V dec−1, and the entire device achieves an overall transmittance of 85%. The field‐effect rectifiers (FER) are fabricated based on short‐circuiting the gate and drain electrodes of the TFT structure. Rectification ratio of 3.5 × 106 is achieved in DC measurements. Under AC input, the rectifiers can steadily operate at an input frequency up to 10 MHz and amplitude (peak to peak) up to 20 V. The rectifier can be used for signal processing applications with frequency up to 1 MHz. The energy storage utility of the rectifiers is demonstrated by rectifying AC input signals and successfully charging home‐made electrochemical on‐chip microsupercapacitors. The results demonstrate that integrated, all‐oxide thin film rectifiers can be used for on‐chip capacitive energy storage.
Meta‐inflammaging at the crossroad of geroscience
Authors: Chen Guobing , Yung Raymond
Published: September 2019

Geroscience posits that selected fundamental biological processes are the foundation of age‐related chronic diseases and are responsible for the decline in physical and mental function in old age. Late‐life chronic low‐grade inflammation (“inflammaging”) and altered signal transduction pathways in metabolism have been identified as two of the key themes in the aging process. Age‐related changes in the immune and metabolic responses are also recognized as playing a critical pathogenic role in most common chronic medical conditions that plague the elderly. Emerging investigations emphasize the interconnectedness of the immune and metabolic responses in aging, an area of gerontological research that can be termed “meta‐inflammaging.”
Fouling mitigation in crossflow filtration using chaotic advection: A numerical study
Authors: Jung Seon Yeop , Jung Hae In , Kang Tae Gon , Ahn Kyung Hyun
Published: September 2019

Fouling mitigation in a crossflow filtration system using chaotic advection is numerically studied. A barrier‐embedded partitioned pipe mixer (BPPM) is selected as a static mixer, creating chaotic advection in a laminar flow regime. Mixing characteristics are controlled via two design parameters, the mixing protocol and the dimensionless barrier height (β). The average dimensionless concentration boundary layer thickness () and the surface‐averaged dimensionless wall concentration () dramatically decrease with the introduction of the BPPM, incorporating a chaotic flow system. and decrease as β increases, and the largest reduction of is observed in the counter‐rotational protocol. A semi‐ring configuration is revealed to be the most appropriate configuration to characterize mixing near the membrane surface. It is found that a filtration system with a globally chaotic flow shows the best mixing performance and the largest reduction of fouling.
Comparison of non‐myeloablative and reduced‐intensity allogeneic stem cell transplantation in older patients with myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Jentzsch Madlen , Döhring Christine , Linke Richard , Hille Andrea , Grimm Juliane , Pönisch Wolfram , Vucinic Vladan , Franke Georg‐Nikolaus , Behre Gerhard , Niederwieser Dietger , Schwind Sebastian
Published: September 2019

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains the only curative treatment for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) or myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN) patients. The introduction of reduced intensity (RIC) and non‐myeloablative (NMA) conditioning enabled HSCT in older or comorbid individuals representing the majority of patients. Studies comparing RIC and NMA conditioning are limited. We retrospectively analyzed 151 MDS or MDS/MPN patients older than 50 years who received NMA‐ or RIC‐HSCT. Patients younger or older than 65 years at HSCT were analyzed separately. Patients receiving RIC‐HSCT or NMA‐HSCT were balanced in factors reflecting disease aggressiveness and the HCT‐CI comorbidity score. The NMA conditioned patients had a higher incidence of graft rejection and chronic graft‐vs‐host disease. Cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR), non‐relapse mortality (NRM) and overall survival (OS), did not differ significantly with regard to the conditioning regime in the whole cohort. In patients <65 years at HSCT, NMA conditioning associated with higher NRM and shorter OS by trend, while CIR was similar in both groups. In multivariable analyzes, the conditioning regimen remained a prognostic factor for NRM and OS in patients <65 years at HSCT. In MDS patients NMA and RIC conditioning result in similar disease control, but especially patients <65 years may benefit from RIC‐HSCT.
Utilizing 2‐phenylpropanal as coupling partner for C‐S bond formation via sequential thioarylation and decarbonylation process: A novel strategy for the synthesis of aryl alkyl sulfides
Authors: Shaikhi Shahidzadeh Elham , Nowrouzi Najmeh , Abbasi Mohammad
Published: September 2019

In this study, first direct access to aryl alkyl sulfides employing 2‐phenylpropanal as coupling partner is reported. Diaryl disulfides react with this aldehyde in the presence of morpholine and produce the corresponding sulfide products in high yields. In another part, disulfides are in situ generated in the reaction mixture from aryl halides/CuI/Cyanodithioformate and coupled with 2‐phenylpropanal to access aryl alkyl sulfides.
Synthesis and Characterization of Dual‐functionalized Metal‐Phyllosilicates for Antibacterial Applications
Authors: Kim Seong Yeol , Choi Yoo‐Sung
Published: September 2019

Dual‐functionalized organoclays containing thiol and amine groups were synthesized by one‐step sol–gel process. Individual organoclays differed significantly in the sequential order of organic groups and silanol/thiol contents. Their sulfur contents could be adjusted by the mercaptopropyl‐feed ratios. NMR studies showed that silanol was more abundant in calcium‐based clays than in magnesium‐based clays. The interlayer distances in organoclays is inversely proportional to the number of thiol groups. As the thiol content in the silicates increased, the thermal stabilities increased up to 273 °C for thiol‐functionalized Mg‐based clay and 298 °C for Ca‐based clay. Antibacterial activity of the dual‐functionalized metal‐phyllosilicates was greater against Streptococcus mutans than against Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus salivarius, and their minimal inhibitory concentrations were possibly related with water‐dispersibility and thiol content. Accordingly, these metal‐phyllosilicates are promising for technological applications in many fields such as pharmaceuticals, biomedical engineering, polymer composite engineering industries.
An LC/ESI–MS/MS method to quantify the PI3K inhibitor GDC‐0084 in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid: Validation and clinical application
Authors: Zhong Bo , Campagne Olivia , Tinkle Christopher L. , Stewart Clinton F.
Published: September 2019

A liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI–MS/MS) method was developed and validated to measure GDC‐0084 in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Reverse‐phase chromatography with gradient elution was performed using a C18 column (50 × 2.0 mm, 3 μm). Solid‐phase extraction of plasma and CSF was employed to give excellent recovery. MS detection was performed with positive ion screening in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The precursor to the product ions (Q1 → Q3) selected for GDC‐0084 and GDC‐0084‐d6 were 383.2 → 353.2 and 389.2 → 353.2, respectively. A separate calibration curve was established for human plasma and CSF. Both calibration curves, ranging from 0.2 to 200 ng/mL, were linear and had acceptable intra‐ and inter‐day precision and accuracy. The lower limit of quantitation and limit of detection for GDC‐0084 in human plasma were 0.2 ng/mL (signal/noise ≥47) and 0.005 ng/mL (signal/noise ≥3.5), respectively, and for GDC‐0084 in human CSF were 0.2 ng/mL (signal/noise ≥19.7) and 0.04 ng/mL (signal/noise ≥7.2). This method was successfully applied to analyze serial plasma samples obtained from children with diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas and other midline gliomas who participated in pharmacokinetic studies as part of a phase I clinical trial of GDC‐0084.
Effect of bevacizumab against cystic components of brain tumors
Authors: Yamasaki Fumiyuki , Kolakshyapati Manish , Takano Motoki , Yonezawa Ushio , Nishibuchi Ikuno , Imano Nobuki , Taguchi Akira , Onishi Shumpei , Amatya Vishwa Jeet , Takeshima Yukio , Nagata Yasushi , Kurisu Kaoru , Sugiyama Kazuhiko
Published: September 2019

Background

Bevacizumab improves symptoms via reducing the peritumoral edema and/or normalizing blood brain barrier, and occasionally via reducing the tumor size. However, the effect against active cystic components has not been documented yet.

Materials and Methods

Between 2008 and 2018, 139 patients with primary or metastatic brain tumors were treated with bevacizumab (BEV) in our institution. The images and symptoms before and after administration of BEV were examined, and changes in size of cysts were evaluated as follows: CR (complete disappearance), PR (reduction by ≥50%), MR (reduction by ≥25%), SD (size change <25%), PD (increase by ≥25%). The effect of BEV on tumor itself was determined according to Response Assessment in Neuro‐Oncology criteria.

Results

Of the 139 patients, 21 (15.1%) had cystic components. The best responses of cysts to BEV treatment were as follows: CR 6, PR 7, MR 4, SD 4. The group of patients with progressively increasing cysts prior to BEV treatment had significant cyst size reduction compared to stable cyst size groups, at initial imaging after BEV (mean 62.6% vs 22.5%, P = .0055) and at best response timing (mean 76.3% vs 32.8%, P = .0050). Patients with cysts showed significant improvement in symptoms after the treatment with BEV compared to patients without cysts (P = .0033). However, response rate was not different between patients with or without cysts. Overall survival after starting BEV was not different between glioblastoma patients with or without cysts.

Conclusion

Bevacizumab is effective against progressively increasing cysts. Although cysts reduction effect and tumor response and/or overall survival are independent, BEV may be effective in patients who are symptomatic due to cyst enlargement.
Stabilization Techniques for Soft Tissue Grafting Around Dental Implants: Case Report
Authors: Korkis Samuel , Thompson Tamika N. , Vizirakis Michael A. , Lamble Monica , Zimmerman Deena , Neely Anthony L. , Kinaia Bassam M.
Published: September 2019

Introduction

Implants that lack keratinized tissue (KT) have been associated with increased plaque accumulation, gingival inflammation or hue of metal showing through the tissue. Free gingival grafts (FGGs) are a predictable treatment for minimal or lack of KT. FGGs can increase the zone of KT around teeth and implants alike. Despite predictability of FGGs, stabilizing the graft around implants can be challenging, but is critical for success. Little information is available regarding ways to stabilize FGGs around implants. Acrylic or composite stents are a viable option for obtaining graft stability and support during the healing process.

Case Presentation

This case report highlights the practicality of using acrylic or composite stents for FGG stabilization with successful outcomes. Two patients presented with dental implants, with minimal or lack of KT requiring soft tissue augmentation. FGGs were harvested from the palate and fitted around implant carriers allowing stabilization and adequate suturing. Custom‐made acrylic or composite stabilization stents were fabricated to fit around implant carriers, which were screwed into the implant platform, and hollowed out internally to provide space for the graft. Postoperative visits showed healthy, stable zones of KT in both cases.

Conclusion

The customized acrylic or composite stents allowed stabilization of the FGGs with successful outcome.
Long non‐coding RNA MALAT1 sponges miR‐149 to promote inflammatory responses of LPS‐induced acute lung injury by targeting MyD88
Authors: Liang Wei‐Jun , Zeng Xiao‐Yuan , Jiang Sha‐Li , Tan Hong‐Yi , Yan Mu‐Yun , Yang Hong‐Zhong
Published: September 2019

Acute lung injury (ALI) caused by sepsis occurs early and the condition is severe, and is also an important reason for accelerating the death of patients. Increasing evidence has identified long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) metastasis associated in lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) as a regulator of ALI. However, the potential mechanism underlying MALAT1 on ALI still needs further identification. To explore the mechanisms of gene regulation expression mediated by MALAT1 through miR‐149/MyD88 in lung injury inflammation, we constructed a lung injury inflammatory model using the lipopolysaccharides (LPS)‐induced method and quantificated the cytokines and signaling cascade molecules as well as miR‐149. The MALAT1, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and IL‐6 levels were significantly increased, and the nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) pathway was activated, but the miR‐149 level was decreased in the LPS‐induced ALI model. miR‐149 directly targeted both lncRNA MALAT1 and the MyD88 gene. Knockdown of MALAT1 down‐regulated the levels of MyD88, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6, and inhibited the NF‐κB pathway. However, MALAT1 knockdown up‐regulated the expression of miR‐149. Overexpression of miR‐149 down‐regulated MyD88, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 levels, and inhibited the NF‐κB pathway. MALAT1 acts as a pro‐inflammatory factor in ALI via the miR‐149/MyD88/NF‐κB axis and is therefore a potential novel therapeutic target for ALI treatment.
A rare case of polyarteritis nodosa associated with nontuberculous mycobacterial infection
Authors: Lian ShengYang Bertrand , Teoh Yee Leng , Tay Yong‐Kwang
Published: September 2019

Clinicians should be aware that cutaneous PAN can present with significant extracutaneous and constitutional symptoms which make it hard to differentiate from systemic PAN. The condition can also rarely be associated with NTM infections.
Presumed antiphospholipid syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: An infrequent association
Authors: Dolin Hallie Hanna , Dziuba Mark , Pappada Scott M. , Papadimos Thomas John
Published: September 2019

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease that demonstrates antiphospholipid antibodies that cause hypercoagulability and leads to venous and arterial thrombosis. Autoantibodies to a disintegrin‐like and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type I motif, member 13 (ADAMTS 13) play a role in the microthrombosis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in APS patients.
Selective Deprotection of the Diphenylmethylsilyl (DPMS) Hydroxyl Protecting Group under Environmentally Responsible, Aqueous Conditions
Authors: Akporji Nnamdi , Lieberman Josh , Maser Michael , Yoshimura Masahiko , Boskovic Zarko , Lipshutz Bruce H.
Published: September 2019

Two new methods for selective deprotection of diphenylmethylsilyl (DPMS) ethers are described. Unmasking can be achieved with either catalytic amounts of perfluoro‐1‐butanesulfonyl fluoride (a SuFEx reagent) under mild, aqueous micellar conditions, or using stoichiometric amounts of 18‐crown‐6 ether in aqueous ethanol.
Confirming the Formation of Hydroxyl Radicals in the Catalytic Decomposition of H2O2 on Metal Oxides Using Coumarin as a Probe
Authors: Maier Annika Carolin , Iglebaek Ena Herceglija , Jonsson Mats
Published: September 2019

Hydrogen peroxide can be catalytically decomposed to O2 and H2O on metal oxide surfaces in contact with aqueous solutions containing H2O2. The initial step in this process has been proposed to be the formation of surface‐bound hydroxyl radicals which has recently been verified using tris as a radical scavenger. Here, we make use of the unique fluorescent product 7‐hydroxycoumarin formed in the reaction between hydroxyl radicals and coumarin to probe the formation of surface‐bound hydroxyl radicals. The experiments clearly show that 7‐hydroxycoumarin is formed upon catalytic decomposition of H2O2 in aqueous suspensions containing ZrO2‐particles and coumarin, thereby confirming the formation of surface‐bound hydroxyl radicals in this process. The results are quantitatively compared to results on the same system using tris as a probe for hydroxyl radicals. The effects of the two probes on the system under study are compared and it is concluded that coumarin has a significantly lower impact on the system.
Model for Predicting Solids Velocity Fluctuations in Sedimenting Suspensions
Authors: Shehryar Ali , Hassan Aitazaz , Hamid Adnan , Murilo dos Santos Celso , Khan Afrasyab , Ullah Atta
Published: September 2019

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of sedimenting suspensions in two‐dimensional periodic domains using a Eulerian two‐fluid model were performed with the commercial software ANSYS Fluent®. Three particle systems belonging to Geldart groups A and B were selected to gather data on the solids velocity fluctuations. It is proposed that solids velocity fluctuations are composed of local and global parts. Therefore, the solids velocity signal was segregated into low‐frequency and high‐frequency fluctuations using the FFT solver in MATLAB®. A model is proposed to predict the velocity fluctuations of a solid phase at low volume fractions and the model results are compared with the CFD results. The model is capable of capturing the solid particles fluctuation in the dilute limit.
Increasing Applications of Graphite Thermoplastic Electrodes with Aryl Diazonium Grafting
Authors: Berg Kathleen E. , Leroux Yann R. , Hapiot Philippe , Henry Charles S.
Published: September 2019

Carbon composite thermoplastic electrodes (TPEs) consist of graphite and thermoplastic made using an easy, solvent‐assisted fabrication. TPEs have the advantages of high conductivity, good electron transfer kinetics, low cost, reusability, and easy patterning, but have only been used with aqueous solvents due to solvent compatibility with the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) template. The limited solvent compatibility hinders the application range and surface modifications. Here, cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) TPEs in glass templates that are compatible with additional solvents are presented. TPEs are grafted with aryl diazonium salts in acetonitrile, showing covalent surface TPE modification for the first time. Further investigation is carried out with scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). The TPEs are post‐functionalized with a ferrocene moiety via click chemistry. The diazonium electrografting and click chemistry modifications open up future studies and broader applications of TPEs.
Finite‐difference calculation on an uncertainty evaluation of the kinetic parameters from initial sintering of UO2
Authors: Matsuda Tetsushi
Published: September 2019

Computational simulation based on the one‐dimensional finite‐difference method was performed in order to clarify the effect of particle size and the coexistence of particles with different diameters on sintering kinetics of UO2. Particle arrays with different diameters were arranged in parallel, and sintering behavior, such as shrinkage and neck growth, was calculated by the finite‐difference method. The shrinkage of the particle array and the stress on the grain boundary were calculated in the linked sintering. The results indicated that evaluation of the activation energies for sintering of compacts of UO2 seems likely to be possible by selecting an appropriate shrinkage range. However, evaluation of the diffusion coefficients using compacts is questionable.
Phosphorus‐Doping‐Induced Surface Vacancies of 3D Na2Ti3O7 Nanowire Arrays Enabling High‐Rate and Long‐Life Sodium Storage
Authors: Liu Dao‐Sheng , Jin Feng , Huang Aijian , Sun Xiaoli , Su Hao , Yang Yang , Zhang Yufei , Rui Xianhong , Geng Hongbo , Li Cheng Chao
Published: September 2019

Sodium‐ion batteries have attracted interest as an alternative to lithium‐ion batteries because of the abundance and cost effectiveness of sodium. However, suitable anode materials with high‐rate and stable cycling performance are still needed to promote their practical application. Herein, three‐dimensional Na2Ti3O7 nanowire arrays with enriched surface vacancies endowed by phosphorus doping are reported. As anodes for sodium‐ion batteries, they deliver a high specific capacity of 290 mA h g−1at 0.2 C, good rate capability (50 mA h g−1at 20 C), and stable cycling capability (98 % capacity retention over 3100 cycles at 20 C). The superior electrochemical performance is attributed to the synergistic effects of the nanowire arrays and phosphorus doping. The rational structure can provide convenient channels to facilitate ion/electron transport and improve the capacitive contributions. Moreover, the phosphorus‐doping‐induced surface vacancies not only provide more active sites but also improve the intrinsic electrical conductivity of Na2Ti3O7, which will enable electrode materials with excellent sodium storage performance. This work may provide an effective strategy for the synthesis of other anode materials with fast electrochemical reaction kinetics and good sodium storage performance.
Derivation of Lanthanide Series Crystal Field Parameters From First Principles
Authors: Jung Julie , Islam M. Ashraful , Pecoraro Vincent L. , Mallah Talal , Berthon Claude , Bolvin Hélène
Published: September 2019

Two series of lanthanide complexes have been chosen to analyze trends in the magnetic properties and crystal field parameters (CFPs) along the two series: The highly symmetric LnZn16(picHA)16 series (Ln=Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb; picHA=picolinohydroxamic acid) and the [Ln(dpa)3](C3H5N2)3⋅3H2O series (Ln=Ce–Yb; dpa=2,6‐dipicolinic acid) with approximate three‐fold symmetry. The first series presents a compressed coordination sphere of eight oxygen atoms whereas in the second series, the coordination sphere consists of an elongated coordination sphere formed of six oxygen atoms. The CFPs have been deduced from ab initio calculations using two methods: The AILFT (ab initio ligand field theory) method, in which the parameters are determined at the orbital level, and the ITO (irreducible tensor operator) decomposition, in which the problems are treated at the many‐electron level. It has been found that the CFPs are transferable from one derivative to another, within a given series, as a first approximation. The sign of the second‐order parameter
differs in the two series, reflecting the different environments. It has been found that the use of the strength parameter S allows for an easy comparison between complexes. Furthermore, in both series, the parameters have been found to decrease in magnitude along the series, and this decrease is attributed to covalent effects.
Flow Technology for the Genesis and Use of (Highly) Reactive Organometallic Reagents
Authors: Colella Marco , Nagaki Aichiiro , Luisi Renzo
Published: September 2019

In the field of organic synthesis, the advent of flow chemistry and flow microreactor technology represented a tremendous novelty in the way of thinking and performing chemical reactions, opening the doors to poorly explored or even impossible transformations using batch methods. In this Concept article, we would like to highlight the impact of flow chemistry for exploiting highly reactive organometallic reagents, and how, alongside the well‐known advantages concerning safety, scalability, and productivity, flow chemistry makes possible processes that are impossible to control by using the traditional batch approach.
Multivalent C−H⋅⋅⋅Cl/Br−C Interactions Directing the Resolution of Dynamic and Twisted Csules
Authors: Pavlović Radoslav Z. , Zhiquan Lei , Güney Murat , Lalisse Remy F. , Hopf Ryan G. , Gallucci Judith , Moore Curtis , Xie Han , Hadad Christopher M. , Badjić Jovica D.
Published: September 2019

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Jovica Badjić at The Ohio State University, and colleagues. The image, by Radoslav Z. Pavlović (idea) and Jennifer F. Neal (design), depicts weak noncovalent contacts controlling the reported system's dynamic stereochemistry, which are shown as a dragon blowing fire at C−H groups. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201903006.
Implications of renin‐angiotensin‐system blocker discontinuation in acute decompensated heart failure with systolic dysfunction
Authors: Darden Douglas , Drazner Mark H. , Mullens Wilfried , Dupont Matthias , Tang W. H. Wilson , Grodin Justin L.
Published: September 2019

Background

Renin‐angiotensin‐system blockers (RASB) improve clinical outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure with reduced fraction; however, there remains ambiguity whether RASB therapy should be continued during the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF).

Hypothesis

In comparison to patients with RASB use, RASB discontinuation in ADHF will be associated with worsening renal function, hypotension, and adverse long‐term clinical outcomes.

Methods

Patients in the Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart Failure and Pulmonary Artery Catheterization (ESCAPE) trial were separated into four groups based on RASB use at baseline and discharge: continuation (n = 316), discontinuation (n = 21), initiation (n = 42), and nonuse (n = 23). Post‐discharge outcomes were validated in an independent ADHF cohort admitted to the Cleveland Clinic (n = 253).

Results

RASB discontinuation and nonuse were associated with higher serial creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels than RASB continuation or initiation (P < .001 for both), but not with serial potassium and systolic blood pressure measurements. No other clinical parameter changes were significant. In comparison to RASB continuation, RASB discontinuation and nonuse was associated with ~75% increased risk of a 180‐day composite of death, transplant, or rehospitalization (HR 1.87, 95% CI 1.09‐3.20, P = 0.02 and HR 1.72, CI 1.04‐2.82, P = .03, respectively). Post‐discharge outcomes were similar in the validation cohort.

Conclusion

Compared to RASB continuation, RASB discontinuation and nonuse were associated with higher baseline and serial creatinine levels during treatment for ADHF, but not with changes in SBP and potassium levels. Furthermore, RASB discontinuation and nonuse in ADHF were associated with an increased risk of adverse clinical outcomes.
Fire‐Retardant and High‐Temperature‐Resistant Label Paper and Its Potential Applications
Authors: Dong Li‐Ying , Zhu Ying‐Jie , Zhang Qiang‐Qiang , Shao Yue‐Ting
Published: September 2019

A new kind of fire‐retardant and high‐temperature‐resistant hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanowire/aramid label paper has been developed, the effects of the content of HAP nanowires on the mechanical strength, high‐temperature resistance and flame‐retardant performance of the as‐prepared HAP nanowire/aramid label paper are investigated. The experimental results show that the addition of HAP nanowires can significantly improve the properties of the HAP nanowire/aramid label paper. The tensile strength, smoothness, oxygen index of the HAP nanowire/aramid label paper with a HAP/aramid weight ratio of 80/20 are 9.2 MPa, 904 s and 76.8%, respectively, significantly higher than those of the pure aramid fiber paper (3.6 MPa, 62.2 s and 27.6%), which is increased by 1.6 times, 13.5 times, and 1.8 times, respectively, indicating that the HAP nanowire/aramid label paper has superior properties over the pure aramid fiber paper. The thermal parameters characterized by the conical calorimeter indicate that the HAP nanowire/aramid label paper has excellent fire‐retardant and high‐temperature‐resistant performance. Compared with the commercial high‐temperature‐resistant label paper, which is carbonized heavily at 400 °C, the as‐prepared HAP nanowire/aramid label paper is more suitable for the application as the high‐temperature‐resistant and fire‐retardant label paper in nuclear power plants and other high‐temperature environments.
Composite nonlinear multiset canonical correlation analysis for multiview feature learning and recognition
Authors: Yuan Yun‐Hao , Shen Xiaobo , Li Yun , Li Bin , Gou Jianping , Qiang Jipeng , Zhang Xinfeng , Sun Quan‐Sen
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we propose a composite nonlinear multiset canonical correlation projections (CNMCPs) framework where orthogonal constraints are imposed in each set. This makes CNMCP capable of learning uncorrelated low‐dimensional features with minimum redundancy in Hilbert space. With the CNMCP framework, we further present a particular algorithm called multikernel multiset canonical correlations or mKMCC, which introduces different weights into multiple nonlinear functions in all views. An alternating iterative optimization is designed for computational solution. Numerous experimental results on practical datasets have demonstrated the effectiveness and robustness of mKMCC, in contrast with existing kernel correlation learning approaches.
Sensitive medical data transmission and maintaining data quality using bacterial bee swarm–based hybrid lifetime maximization large‐scale ad hoc routing protocol
Authors: Santhalakshmi M. , Kavitha P.
Published: September 2019

Nowadays, clinical examination process requires continuous data for evaluating the patient health. Due to the importance of medical data, wireless sensor network is used to collect the large volume of patient health information. The collected data includes the patient body temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, air flow, glucose level, which helps to provide the initial treatment and avoid serious situation. The gathered information must be transmitted to the health care center without affecting the quality of data because its quality issue leads to create the packet drop, transmission throughput, maximum energy consumption, and delay. Hence, this paper develop the optimized routing protocol called bacterial bee swarm–based hybrid lifetime maximization large‐scale mobile ad hoc routing protocol for performing data transmission process. The developed system examines the quality of data while improving the network lifetime in large area of mobile ad hoc network. The optimal path and data quality are continuously monitored and effective path and node are selected based on the bacterial bee swarm functions. Then, the efficiency of the system is evaluated with the help of experimental results in terms of energy consumption, packet delivery ratio, end‐to‐end delay, and QoS metric related constraints.
Large Amplitude Motions in Fruit Flavors: The Case of Alkyl Butyrates
Authors: Hakiri Rihab , Derbel Najoua , Stahl Wolfgang , Mouhib Halima
Published: September 2019

To accurately characterize the large amplitude motions and soft degrees of freedom of isolated molecules, sampling their conformational landscape by molecular mechanics and quantum chemical calculations may provide a valuable insight into the structure and dynamics. However, the resulting models need to be validated by a reliable experimental counterpart. For ethyl pentanoates, which belong to the family of fruit esters, benchmark calculations at different levels of theory showed that the C−C bond in proximity to the ester carbonyl group exhibits a large amplitude motion that is extremely sensitive to the choice of quantum chemical method and basis set. In such cases, insights from high‐resolution molecular jet techniques are ideal to accurately identify and characterize soft degrees of freedom. Here, we report on the most abundant conformer of ethyl 2‐ethyl butyrate using Fourier‐transform microwave spectroscopy. We show that – unlike other structurally related pentanoates for which gas‐phase and crystallographic data is available – ethyl 2‐ethyl butyrate possesses a Cs symmetry plane under molecular jet conditions.
SCN11A mRNA levels in female bipolar disorder PBMCs as tentative biomarker for distinct patient sub‐phenotypes
Authors: Voinsky Irena , McCarthy Michael J. , Shekhtman Tatyana , Kelsoe John R. , Gurwitz David
Published: September 2019

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by recurrent mania and depression episodes and requiring lifelong treatment with mood stabilizing drugs. Several lines of evidence, including with BD patient iPSC‐derived neurons, suggest that neuronal hyperexcitability may underlie the key clinical symptoms of BD. Indeed, higher mRNA levels of SCN11A, coding for the voltage‐gated sodium channel NaV1.9 implicated in nociception, were detected in iPSC‐derived neurons from BD patients, and were normalized by in vitro lithium. Here we studied SCN11A expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from well‐phenotyped female BD patients and controls and evaluated their association with several clinical sub‐phenotypes. We observed higher mRNA levels of SCN11A in PBMCs from female BD patients with no records of alcohol dependence (p = .0050), no records of psychosis (p = .0097), or no records of suicide attempts (p = .0409). A trend was observed for higher SCN11A expression (FD = 1.91; p = .052) in BD PBMCs compared with controls. Datamining of published postmortem gene expression datasets indicated higher SCN11A expression in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex tissues from BD patients compared with controls. Higher phenotype‐associated expression levels in PBMC from BD patients were also observed for ID2 (alcohol dependence, suicide attempts) and HDGFRP3 (seasonal BD pattern). Our findings suggest that higher PBMC SCN11A expression levels may be associated with certain behavioral BD sub‐phenotypes, including lack of alcohol dependence and psychosis, among BD patients. The NaV1.9 voltage‐gated sodium channel thus deserves consideration as a tentative phenotype modifier in BD.
Evaluation of pedaling skill based on muscle synergy in lower extremities during pedaling exercise
Authors: Sato Takuhiro , Kurematsu Riki , Tokuyasu Tatsushi
Published: September 2019

The central nervous system does not control multiple muscles independently, whereas it manipulates a musculoskeletal system with redundant degrees of freedom. In specific, muscle synergy that represents muscle coordination realizes an advanced motion control of human body. In the pedaling exercise, the coordinated muscle activity between lower extremities is key for high‐efficient exercise when cyclists use binding pedals which fixes both pedals and shoes via cleats. Under the present circumstances, few reports focused on the muscle coordination of both legs. Thus, the relationship between the coordination of both legs and the mechanism of pedaling has not yet been clarified. In this study, we investigated the muscle synergy hidden in lower extremities by measuring surface electromyography and crank rotation angle during pedaling exercise under different mechanical constraints. In the results, this study confirmed the muscle cooperativeness formed by both the left and right leg during pedaling. Besides, the muscle cooperativeness had different roles on both legs because this coordination was asymmetrical regardless of the changes in cadence and workload. The muscle coordination formed by both legs was considered to be an evaluation index that could explain how the left and right legs were coordinated for effective pedaling with binding pedals.
The state of the art of two‐dimensional digital image correlation computational method
Authors: Zhao Jianlong , Sang Yong , Duan Fuhai
Published: September 2019

After remarkable work over the last three decades, digital image correlation (DIC) computational technique has made incredible progress under the unremitting efforts of numerous researchers, and it has already grown into one of the most powerful and nondestructive surface deformations measuring methods used in various areas of experimental mechanics. DIC is done by tracking the regional variation of gray‐scale features between two succession images recorded before and after deformation. The objective of this paper is to report on the development of 2D‐DIC. In this paper, we first describe the basic principle of the DIC algorithm. The second part mainly focuses on some important progress and interesting problems of the algorithm in the term of computational efficiency and measurement accuracy. Moreover, the major error sources that may exist in practical DIC measurement are discussed in detail. Finally, some typical application domains of DIC method are listed. This paper intends to help preliminary researchers who are of interest in 2D‐DIC algorithms to improve their understanding of this measurement technique.
Characterization of spoilage‐related volatile organic compounds in packaged leaf salads
Authors: Dryahina Kseniya , Som Suman , Smith David , Španěl Patrik
Published: September 2019

A study has been made of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released into the contained headspace of packaged lamb's lettuce (Valerianella locusta) plants, cut at the roots, and of separated rocket (Eruca sativa) and baby spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves. Direct real‐time analyses of the headspace were carried out on each of five consecutive days using selected‐ion flow‐tube mass spectrometry (SIFT‐MS) and secondary electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (SESI‐MS), together with concomitant off‐line analyses using solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). It was observed that the concentrations of organosulphur compounds, especially dimethyl sulphide (DMS) and dimethyl disulphide (DMDS) were relatively low in the headspace of fresh samples, but increased exponentially over the 5 days for rocket, increased to a lesser extent for spinach, and increased to an even lesser extent for lamb's lettuce. Methanol was detected in the headspace of even fresh samples of lamb's lettuce, and its concentration increased for the subsequent 2–3 days before decreasing. This trend was mirrored in the isoprenoids analysed, which are characteristic of plant tissues. These results show that direct real‐time VOC analyses by SIFT‐MS can be usefully exploited to monitor fresh leaf salad spoilage, and that SESI‐MS spectra show patterns that are characteristic of salad type and storage time.
Sensory and physicochemical profiling of traditional and enriched gari in Benin
Authors: Adinsi Laurent , Akissoé Noël , Escobar Andres , Prin Laure , Kougblenou Nadège , Dufour Dominique , Hounhouigan Djidjoho J. , Fliedel Geneviève
Published: September 2019

Gari is a roasted fermented granular product made from cassava in many African countries. It is consumed raw, or added with water, or cooked into a paste. Up to now, gari enriched with palm oil and/or soybean is not available on Beninese markets. To our knowledge, no sensory profiling using appropriate methodology has been conducted on gari in Benin. The sensory studies on gari in Benin and other African countries only included general descriptors (appearance, taste, odor). The aim of our study was to establish a detailed sensory and physicochemical profile of nine traditional and three enriched gari made using different processes in Benin. Fifteen sensory descriptors of raw gari, and gari added with water, were generated and scored using quantitative descriptive analysis. The enriched gari differed from traditional gari mainly in color and odor, while their swelling capacity, texture during chewing, and light sour taste were similar. Marked variability in particle size, particle heterogeneity, water absorption, and sour taste was found among traditional gari. The physicochemical characteristics, such as degree of starch gelatinization, L‐lactic acid, and β‐carotene contents, were highly variable among the 12 gari. Multifactor analysis revealed highly significant correlations between some physicochemical and sensory properties. The addition of soybean and/or palm oil did not affect most of the sensory properties of the traditional gari. The acceptability of these enriched gari with higher nutritive value by Beninese consumers should be tested to develop marketing strategies.
Nanomaterial‐Modified Conducting Paper: Fabrication, Properties, and Emerging Biomedical Applications
Authors: Kumar Saurabh , Pandey Chandra Mouli , Hatamie Amir , Simchi Abdolreza , Willander Magnus , Malhotra Bansi D.
Published: September 2019

The emerging demand for wearable, lightweight portable devices has led to the development of new materials for flexible electronics using non‐rigid substrates. In this context, nanomaterial‐modified conducting paper (CP) represents a new concept that utilizes paper as a functional part in various devices. Paper has drawn significant interest among the research community because it is ubiquitous, cheap, and environmentally friendly. This review provides information on the basic characteristics of paper and its functionalization with nanomaterials, methodology for device fabrication, and their various applications. It also highlights some of the exciting applications of CP in point‐of‐care diagnostics for biomedical applications. Furthermore, recent challenges and opportunities in paper‐based devices are summarized.
Diagnostic ambiguity of a uterine fibroid with abnormal appearance after severe red degeneration: A case report
Authors: Wei Jianxia , Zhou Li
Published: September 2019

Gestational fibroid, especially those altered by degenerative changes, may have an unusual appearance that can be misinterpreted. This may lead to difficulty and confusion in making an accurate clinical diagnosis.