bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ceneviz Konsolos Mektuplarına Göre 1660-1680 Arasında Hollandalı Tüccarların Osmanlı Limanlarındaki Faaliyetleri
Authors: PARLAZ Selim
Published: December 2020

Osmanlı tarihi araştırmalarında Avrupa devletlerinin arşivlerinin önemi oldukça büyüktür. Bunlardan biri olan Cenova Devlet Arşivi’nde (Archivio di Stato di Genova) Osmanlı Devleti ile bilgi veren belge sayısı azımsanmayacak kadar fazladır. Bu belgelerden bazıları Osmanlı limanlarına ticarî ve siyasi ilişkiler bağlamında gelen Avrupalı Devletlerden biri olan Hollandalıları da ilgilendirmektedir. XVII. yüzyılın birinci çeyreğinde ilk ahidnâmeleri elde etmeleri ile başlayan Osmanlı-Hollanda ilişkileri daha sonraki dönemlerde artarak devam etmiştir. Özellikle İzmir ve İstanbul üzerinden yürüyen ticaret son derece önemlidir. İlişkiler ekonominin yanısıra siyasi ve askeri bağlamda da ilerleme kaydetmiştir. Özellikle bu durum, Girit Savaşı’nın devam ettiği bir dönemde Hollandalı tüccarların gemilerinin kiralanması sırasında daha net ve açıkça kendisini göstermiştir. Bu hususlar İzmir ve İstanbul gibi önemli Osmanlı merkezlerinde görev yapan Ceneviz Konsoloslarının mektuplarına da yansımıştır. Nitekim, XVII. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında İstanbul’da görev yapan Durazzo, Sinibaldo Fieschi, Agostino Spinola, Pompeo Giustiniani ile İzmir’de görev yapan Giovanni Luigi Gentile, Ottavio Doria, Garibaldo, Luigi Cartabono bunlardan bazılarıdır. Mezkur konsolosların ve elçilerin verdikleri bilgilere göre Girit Savaşı sırasında özellikle Hollandalı tüccarlar İstanbul ve İzmir limanlarını son derece aktif olarak kullanmaktadırlar. Nitekim, Gabatto, Bartogliati, Giorgio Bloma ve Isaach de Bois adlı Hollandalı tüccarların faaliyetleri bunu teyit etmektedir. Bu ticaret içerisinde özellikle Osmanlı limanlarına getirdikleri kalp sikkeler ve paralar ile kumaşlar son derece önemlidir. Ticarî faaliyetleri sırasında zaman zaman Garp Ocakları korsanlarından dolayı tehlikeler de yaşamaktadırlar. Bu nedenle Osmanlı limanlarına konvoylar halinde gelmeyi tercih etmektedirler. Ayrıca şu da belirtilmeli ki Girit’in zabtı için Osmanlı ile Venedik arasında meydana gelen savaşlar Hollanda’nın İzmir’de odaklanan ticaretini olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Bu gibi hususların sayısını arttırabilecek olsak da resmin bütününü aydınlatan bazı örnekler üzerinden bir değerlendirme yapılacaktır. Çalışmamızın temel kaynağını Cenova Devlet Arşivi’ne ait konsolos mektupları ve raporları ile İngiliz Milli Arşivi’ndeki State Papers kolleksiyonunda bulunan defterler teşkil edecektir.
Voltammetric and spectrophotometric pathways for the determination of total antioxidant capacity in commercial turnip juice
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Merve , DEMİR Ersin , OZDAL Tugba
Published: December 2020

In this study, total flavonoid substance, total phenolic substance and total antioxidant capacity in turnip juice which made from the turnip (Brassica rape), a plant belonging to the family of Turpgiller (Brassicaceae), and also a drink specific to the Çukurova, were investigated. The turnip juice samples, taken from the turnip juice (A sample) and hot turnip juice (B) sample in local market, prepared in the laboratory were performed as two different parallel. In addition, electrochemical method was used to evaluate total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of turnip juice and hot turnip juice. By the SWSV method, under the optimized experimental conditions was applied for quercetin determination with a limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.017 and 0.057 mg/L, respectively. These values are satisfactory for application to real food samples for the evaluation of TAC. According to the results carried out by spectrophotometric methods, the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents and TAC were observed as 13.049±13.40 mg GAE/ml, 37.850±0.70 mg QE/ml and 81.831±3,24 mg TE/100ml, respectively. In addition, the TAC in turnip juice and hot turnip juice were calculated as 573.05±0.43 mg/L and 854.98±9.9 mg/L by SWSV, respectively. The results obtained by voltammetry and spectrophotometry methods for determinations of TAC were in correlation and found to be compatible for the determination of TAC.
REVIEW AND EVALUATION OF NANOFLUIDS AS PROSPECT THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE MATERIAL FOR CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER APPLICATION
Authors: Majadas C.L. , Peñaloga J.M. , Salvador R.W.
Published: December 2020

Solar energy intermittency is one of the main challenges encountered by thermal energy storage systems in concentrated solar power plants due to the low heat transfer rates during charging operations. The critical thermophysical property to be considered for combating this problem is the thermal conductivity. Thus, base fluids with dispersed nanoparticles, better known as nanofluids, have become materials with great potential since they enhance efficiency during charging intervals by increasing the charged material's thermal conductivity by up to 89 %. By gathering and analyzing results from various studies in nanofluids, it was observed that there is a considerable improvement in the thermal storage material compared with the base fluid alone. There is also an increase in the thermal conductivity as nanoparticles are added. Obtaining an increase as great as 99 % allows faster rates of heat transfer. Overall, this may significantly improve the efficiency of thermal energy storage systems in concentrated solar power plants.
Body image, stress and coping strategies in adolescence
Authors: Soponaru Camelia
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the study is to identify the level of stress among adolescents regarding body image and the strategies that they use to cope with it. 282 adolescents in 10th and 11th grade answered three questionnaires: the Adolescent Stress Questionnaire, the Body Image Coping Strategies Inventory and the Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults. In the order of results, factors generating stress in adolescents are money pressure, uncertain future, school/leisure conflicts, school performance, assuming adult responsibilities, school attendance, romantic relationships, home life, interactions with teachers and peer pressure. Girls are more stressed by home life, peer pressure, an uncertain future, money pressure and adult responsibilities, while boys by school attendance. The most frequently used coping mechanism is positive rational acceptance. The level of stress among adolescents correlates with the level of satisfaction regarding the body image.

 

Keywords: Body image, coping mechanisms, stress, adolescence, boys, girls.
Views of Elementary School Children’s Parents about Distance Education during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: GÜNBAŞ Nilgün , GÖZÜKÜÇÜK Meral
Published: December 2020

Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the Ministry of National Education of Turkey suspended face-to-face education in all the K-12 schools and initiated distance education on the Educational Information Network (EBA). Distance education has become imperative although it has not been frequently used before the pandemic. The purpose of this study was to reveal the opinions of elementary school children’s parents about the distance education activities given via EBA. In a case study approach, a sample of parents (n =148) was reached out with an easily accessible sampling method. Their views were taken on an online semi-structured interview form. According to the parents, children have failure to enter EBA, to join live lessons and lack of internet. Because children are home during the pandemic, they do not follow school rules, accordingly do not study well and have motivational issues. The parents think that their children do not learn enough due to lack of individualized feedback. However, according to the parents, it is the positive side of distance education that children continue their education at home in a healthy and safe way. Children have a chance to repeat their classes and parents can follow their children’s learning process during the pandemic.
Legal System Reform and Challenges on Assurance of Human Rights Standards in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Thi Hong Yen
Published: December 2020

Since the Doi Moi (Vietnam’s economic reform) in 1986 to date, Vietnam has continuously made efforts to reform its legal system to better adapt with requirements to develop in different historical periods. Vietnam considers ensuring fundamental human rights as one of the cross-cutting goals in national development policies and strategies. It is undeniable that the outcomes of legal system reform had a positive impact on all aspects of life and on the assurance of human rights and citizen’s rights in particular. However, due to the effects of e international integration and 4.0 industrial revolution the emergence of new-generation trade agreements (FTAs), the current legal system in Vietnam has revealed certain limitations that need to be improved in order to better guarantee fundamental rights. With the objective to bring about the general picture of legal reform on human rights in the recent years in Vietnam, this article will focus on introducing the legal system and its impact on the assurance of human rights standards and highlighting the priorities that need to be revised.
Facile and Efficient Synthesis of Xanthene Derivatives Mediated by Lanthanum(Iii) Nitrate Hexahydrate under Solvent Free Conditions
Authors: Shaikh Kabeer Ahmed , Chaudhar Uddhav Nivrutti
Published: December 2020

The present paper shows that lanthanum(III) nitrate hexahydrate can be used as mild and environment friendly homogeneous catalyst for an efficient one-pot multi-component synthesis of biologically active 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthene and 14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthene derivatives. The solvent free condensation reaction of aromatic aldehydes and dimedone or β-naphthol was carried out at 70-80ºC during 10-30 min. The advantages of this eco-friendly synthesis route are numerous, and include the use of an inexpensive catalyst, high to excellent yield, short reaction time and high catalytic activity that can make this method an interesting alternative to multi-step approaches.
Decolourisation of Beet Sugar Syrup Using Activated Carbon and Glucose Oxidase Enzyme
Authors: Zolfaghari Pezhman , Payandeh Neda Imani , Golizadeh Mortaza , Karimi Afzal , Azar Amirali Ebadi Fard
Published: December 2020

This paper presents the development and optimization of a new approach which combines the utilization of activated carbon and glucose oxidase enzyme for decolourisation of beet sugar syrup. The combining of the physical adsorption with the enzymatic reaction was managed to improve the decolourisation of beet sugar syrup from 35.29 to 83.68% compared to the basic adsorption by activated carbon after 120 min of operation under the optimum conditions. The maximum decolourisation efficiency by the coupled process was achieved at glucose oxidase dosage of 0.07 g, glucose concentration of 20 mM, and solution pH 7 at the temperature of 30ºC using 0.01 g of activated carbon particles. Given the high effectiveness, reusability, and the eco-friendly nature of the process, the proposed method can serve as an alternative to ordinary decoloursation techniques.
LC-MS Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of the Hydro-alcoholic Extract of Melissa Officinalis L. From Algeria
Authors: Aicha Brahim Ben , Rouabhi Rachid , Gasmi Salim , Bensouici Chawki , Mohammedi Hichem , Mennai Imad
Published: December 2020

The present work focuses on evaluation of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the hydro-methanolic extract of Melissa officinalis from Algeria. The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis allowed the identification of six compounds: caffeic acid, caftaric acid, hydroxyjasmonic acid glucoside, caftaric acid glucoside, rosmarinic acid and sagerinic acid. The in-vitro antioxidant activity of the hydro-methanolic extract was evaluated by using four different methods including: radical scavenging assay (DPPH), scavenging activity (ABTS), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity, and ferric reducing power assay. The extract exhibited a relatively strong antioxidant activity compared to the synthetic antioxidants. The highest radical scavenging activity was registered using DPPH and ABTS methods, IC50= 20.53±2.64 μg/mL and 22.50±0.67 μg/mL, respectively. These results suggest that Melissa officinalis L. could be considered a potential source of natural antioxidants with potential interest in the agrochemical and pharmaceutical industries.
The Use of Some Non-conventional Methods in Chemistry of Bicyclohomofarnesenic Methyl Esters
Authors: Ciocarlan Alexandru , Lungu Lidia , Blaja Svetlana , Dragalin Ion , Aricu Aculina
Published: December 2020

The present paper reports the results of microwave irradiation assisted method for the preparation of bicyclohomofarnesenic methyl esters versus classical Stoll and Hinder method. Moreover, the chemical transformations of bicyclohomofarnesenic methyl esters via anodic electrooxidation and dye-sensitized photooxidation were performed. A new method for the preparation of methyl 7-oxo-13,14,15,16-tetranorlabd-6,8(8)-dien-12-oate and the mechanism of electrochemical products formation are presented. The structure of all synthesized compounds was fully confirmed by spectral methods.
Extracting Conditions Optimization and Bioactivity of Polysaccharides from the Pods of Haricot Vert
Authors: Thuy Nguyen Thi Thu , Giang Do Hoang , Linh Pham Khac , Dat Nguyen Tien
Published: December 2020

Polysaccharides from the pods of haricot vert (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were extracted using a simple heating method, by varying extracting temperature, heating time, solid-to-liquid ratio, and solvent compositions. The obtained results were processed using statistical analysis that helped to identify the optimal conditions for the polysaccharides’ extraction process. This study represents a promising production method of bioactive polysaccharides extract in the food and pharmaceutical industry.
PLATON’UN ADALET ANLAYIŞININ GEÇERLİLİĞİ ÜZERİNE
Authors: CELİLZADE Hayyam
Published: December 2020

Adalet, bilinen en eski yazılı kaynaklardan olan Gılgamış’ın bile merkezi kavramlarından olmasına rağmen bütün insanların üzerinde ittifak ettiği adalet tanımı mevcut değil. Ancak herhangi bir kavramın hakikatine ulaşmak için herkesin bu kavramla ilgili belli bir tanımın üzerinde ittifak etmesi gerekmez. Bu sebeple belki de adalet’in hakiki doğasının ne olduğu asırlar önce ifade edilmiş olabilir. Eğer bu böyleyse “adalet”in hakiki tanımını nerede aramamız gerekir? Kutsal metinlerde mi, mitlerde mi, edebi eserlerde mi yoksa filozofların eserlerinde mi? Çalışmamızda adalet’in hakiki doğasının ne olduğunu irdelemeye çalışmış bazı isimlerin tezleri üzere fikir yürüteceğiz. “Adalet”in ne olduğuyla ilgili kafa yoran isimlerin başında Platon gelir. Adalet anlamına ulaşmak için Platon'un nasıl bir yol takip ettiğini irdelemeye çalışacağız. Çalışmamızın amacı Platon’un adalet tanımını yeniden hatırlatmak, geçerliliğini felsefi açıdan test etmek ve günümüz akademisinde onun açtığı ufuk üzerinde adalet kavramının ele alınıp alınmadığını göstermektir. Machiavelli sonrasında adalet kavramının hangi cihetlerinin “karartıldığını” göstermesi bakımından önem arz eden çalışmamız, adalet kavramının geçirmiş olduğu felsefi serüveni inceleyen araştırmaların eksikliğinin giderilmesine de katkıda bulunacağını düşünüyoruz. İşbu irdelememizde Platon’un adalet kavramına ilişkin verdiği tanımın işaret ettiği hakikat ufkunun karartılamayan ve kendisini yeniden düşünmemizi sağlayan cihetlerinin olduğu tezine ulaştık.
On the Hermite-Hadamard-Mercer Type Inequalities for generalized Proportional Fractional Integrals
Authors: KILINÇ YILDIRIM Seda , Yıldırım Hüseyin
Published: December 2020

Our aim in this paper is to establish some new Hermite-Hadamard- Mercer type integral inequalities by utilizing the fractional proportional-integral operators.For this purpose, Hermite-Hadamard-Mercer inequalities for di¤er- antiable mappings whose derivatives in absolute value are convex.
Membangun Kesalingpercayaan dalam Proses Transfer Informasi antara Petani dan Penyuluh Pertanian
Authors: Prayoga Kadhung , Nurfadillah Suryani , Butar Ichma Butar , Saragih Manna
Published: December 2020

Information transfer process in agricultural extension requires strong trust between extension workers and farmers. Agricultural extension workers who are outsiders will deal with challenges in order to entering a farmers’ community familiar with the values and norms they adhere to. If there is no trust between farmers and extension workers, there will be no information exchange, nor any innovation adoption. This paper reviews low mutual trust between farmers and extension workers. To increase trust between farmers and extension workers, it is necessary to improve competence of communicators, to create conducive communication climate, to involve informal actors, and to carry out interpersonal communication. Extension workers must be able act as farmers and so do farmers. Mutual respect process and opportunities provision may improve trust between them. In the future, it is necessary to involve business sector, academics, and the media to improve the competence of extension agents for o improving their credibility.

 

Abstrak

Proses transfer informasi dalam penyuluhan pertanian mensyaratkan adanya kepercayaan yang kuat antara penyuluh dan petani. Penyuluh pertanian yang notabene sebagai orang luar akan banyak mendapatkan tantangan ketika masuk ke dalam suatu masyarakat tani yang sudah terbiasa dengan nilai dan norma yang dianutnya. Tidak ada kepercayaan antara petani terhadap penyuluh menyebabkan   tidak  terjadi proses pertukaran informasi dan  tidak akan terjadi proses  adopsi inovasi. Tulisan ini merupakan review yang menggunakan data sekunder dari laporan maupun hasil studi untuk mengungkap rendahnya salingpercaya antara petani dan penyuluh. Untuk meningkatkan salingpercaya antara petani dan penyuluh adalah dengan cara meningkatkan kompetensi komunikator, menciptakan iklim komunikasi yang kondusif, melibatkan aktor-aktor informal, dan melakukan komunikasi interpersonal. Perlu adanya kondisi dimana penyuluh bisa memposisikan diri sebagai petani dan sebaliknya. Proses saling menghargai dan memberikan kesempatan inilah yang kemudian bisa memupuk lahirnya kepercayaan di antara keduanya. Ke depan perlu juga campur tangan sektor bisnis, akademisi, dan media untuk meningkatkan kompetensi penyuluh sehingga kredibilitas mereka juga bertambah.
COST OF PRODUCTION AND FEASIBILLITY STUDY OF ORGANIC SITRONELA AGRIBUSINESS
Authors: Pribadi Ekwasita Rini , Kardinan Agus , Trisilawati Octavia , Rizal Molide
Published: December 2020

The cost production and business feasibility is useful in determining the price cost, and decision making for future business development of organic citonella. The research was conducted at the PT. Pemalang Agro Wangi in Jonggol - Bogor Regency in April 2019.  Analysis of the cost of production was carried out by the full costing method. The feasibility test was carried out with several investment feasibility criteria, namely B/C ratio, NPV and IRR.Data collection was done by interviewing key informants, namely: producers and farmers of organic citronella using snowball sampling. The results showed that price cost of seeds, herbs and oil of organic  sitronela were Rp.103,00/cuttings, Rp662,00/kg and Rp205.757,00/kg. The Organic sitronela nursery and herbs were feasible, at 7% / year interest rates,  each  produced Net B/C ratio were 4,7% and NPV Rp289.386.802,00 per ha, and B/C ratio of 1.05, NPV of Rp49.024.781,00 and IRR 17,92% for eleven ha Organic citronella cultivation produced essential oil content of 0.35% to 0.7% lower than inorganic cultivation >1%, thus impact on higher cost of product. In order for the cultivation of organic citronella to develop, the selling price of oil should be more expensive than inorganic citronella oil.

Keywords: Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendl, organic, cost price, business feasibility

 

Abstrak

ANALISA BIAYA POKOK DAN KELAYAKAN AGRIBISNIS SERAI WANGI ORGANIK

Perhitungan harga pokok dan kelayakan usaha sangat bermanfaat dalam menetapkan harga jual, dan pengambilan keputusan untuk pengembangan usaha serai wangi organik. Penelitian dilakukan di kebun PT. Pemalang Agro Wangi di Jonggol – Kabupaten Bogor pada bulan April 2019. Analisis harga pokok produksi dilakukan dengan metode full costing. Uji kelayakan dilakukan dengan kriteria kelayakan investasi yaitu B/C ratio, NPV dan IRR. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode wawancara kepada informan kunci yaitu: produsen serai wangi organik dan petani penggarap menggunakan metode bola salju (snowball sampling). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan usaha agribisnis serai wangi organik menghasilkan harga pokok benih, daun dan minyak masing-masing sebesar Rp103,00/stek,  Rp662,00/kg dan Rp205.757,00/kg. Usahatani benih dan daun serai wangi organik layak diusahakan, pada suku bunga 7%/tahun. Untuk usaha benih diperoleh B/C 4,7 dan NPV Rp289.386.802,00 per ha, serta untuk usaha daun diperoleh B/C 1,05, NPV Rp49.024.781,00 dan IRR 17,92 % per delapan ha. Budidaya serai wangi organik menghasilkan kadar minyak atsiri 0,35-0,7% lebih rendah dari pada budidaya anorganik (>1%), sehingga berdampak pada harga pokok produk yang lebih tinggi. Agar budidaya serai wangi organik berkembang, harga jual minyak seharusnya lebih mahal dari minyak serai wangi anorganik.

Kata kunci: Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendl, organik, harga pokok, kelayakan usaha
Yellow fever virus antibody in human serum of epidemic areas ,Tianjin，China, 2014
Authors: Bi Yu , Pang Zheng , Shao Lijun , Tang Yunfeng , Niu Guoyu
Published: December 2020

Yellow fever (YF) is an acute infectious disease caused by yellow fever virus (YFV), which is one of the three infectious diseases of international health regulations. We tested people from epidemic areas of Tianjin port in 2014 to investigate the prevalence and distribution characteristics of yellow fever virus antibody. 192 samples were collected and the positive rate of yellow fever virus antibody was 22.92%. The positive rates among different countries, genders, ages, occupations and entry time were calculated and analyzed. There were significant difference in the detection rate of YFV antibody among people with different age groups and occupations. The positive rate of people 40 age and workers engaged in labor were relatively high and had statistical significance compared to other groups.
Uptake of Aβ by OATPs Might Be a New Pathophysiological Mechanism of Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Wen JinHua , Zhao MengHua , Zhou Ying , Lv YanNi
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThe accumulation of neurotoxic amyloid-beta (Aβ) in the brain is a characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Over the last decade, a number of reports have shown that P-glycoprotein (encoded by ABCB1) actively mediates the efflux transport of Aβ peptides. However, the mechanism by which Aβ peptides enter the cells is not clear. We found that the protein expression oforganic anion transporting Polypeptide 2 (Oatp2) in the liver tissue of mice with AD was significantly higher than that in the normal mice. In contrast, the protein expression of Oatp2 in the brain significantly decreased in mice with AD. OATP1B1, an important drug transporter might be related to the pathophysiology of AD. ResultsIn this study, we established an OATP1B1-GFP-HEK293T cell model to confirm the OATP1B1 mediated transport ofAβ1-42.Compared to the c﻿ontrol group of GFP-HEK293Tcells, the uptake of Aβ1-42 protein in the OATP1B1-GFP-HEK293T group increased significantly with the increase in concentration of Aβ1-42, and also increased significantly with an increase in the duration of incubation. Similar results were observed in the flow cytometry experiment, and the uptake of Aβ1-42in HEK239T-OATP1B1 cells was almost twice that in the control group. These results indicate that OATP1B1 acts as an important “carrier” for the transport of Aβ1-42 from the blood to the tissues, including liver and brain. ConclusionsThis is a novel and interesting finding and OATP1B1 can be investigated as a new treatment target for AD.
Inhibition of DDR1 and DDR2 receptors: The Potential Therapeutic Option to Treat Pancreatic Fibrosis Demonstrated in Experimental Chronic Pancreatitis Model
Authors: Bansod Sapana , Saifi Mohd Aslam , Godugu Chandraiah
Published: December 2020

Discoidin domain receptors (DDR1 and DDR2) are the collagen receptors of the family tyrosine kinases, which play significant role in the diseases like inflammation, fibrosis and cancer. Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a fibro-inflammatory disease in which recurrent pancreatic inflammation leads to pancreatic fibrosis.Methods: In the present study for the first time, we have investigated the role of DDR1 and DDR2 in cerulein-induced CP. Pancreatic DDR1 and DDR2 expression was examined by immunoblotting and immunostaining analysis. Subsequently, the protective effects of selective DDR1 and DDR2 inhibitor, imatinib (IMT) was investigated in CP mice as a therapeutic intervention.Results: Activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) and CP mice showed significant upregulation of DDR1 and DDR2 expression. Pharmacological intervention with IMT effectively downregulated DDR1 and DDR2 expression. Further, we found that pancreatic injury, inflammation, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and PSCs activation were significantly inhibited by IMT. Further, we found a significant inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway by IMT and showed its protective effects against CP and associated fibrosis.Conclusions: Taken together, these results suggest that inhibition of DDR1 and DDR2 controls pancreatic inflammation and fibrosis, which could represent an attractive and promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of CP.
Study to Assess the Utility of Discrete Event Simulation Software in Projection & Optimization of Resources in Out-Patient Department at an Apex Cancer Institute in India: A Simulation Based Study
Authors: Singh Angel , Gupta Anant , Satpathy Sidhartha , Gowda Naveen
Published: December 2020

BackgroundHealthcare is growing more complex with mandate expanding from the primary function of providing care to include economic, legislative and social conditions that has led to the rise of numerous ancillary services. These have necessitated multiple new processes and systems which are closely intertwined. A study was done to create and run a discrete event simulation in OPD of a tertiary care cancer hospital of North India to project and optimize resource deployment.MethodsThe OPD process & workflow as per the expected load at tertiary care cancer hospital were finalized with various stakeholders in a focused group discussion. The finalized OPD process & workflow along with the OPD Building plans were utilized to develop a discrete event simulation model for the OPD at tertiary care cancer hospital using a DES. The simulation model thus developed was tested with incremental patient loads in 5 different scenarios/ “What if” situations (Scenario 1-5). The data regarding initial patient load and resources deployed was taken from on ground observations at tertiary care cancer hospital. ResultsIt was found that rooms and doctors were over-utilized and support staff utilization remained low. This was implemented with lesser waiting time for patients. No additional support staff was provided thus improving utilization of existing staff and saving on resources. The simulations enabled us to deploy resources just when it was required, which ensured optimal utilization and better efficiency. The peak census helped us to determine the capacity of the waiting area in different scenarios with incremental patient load and resource deployment.Conclusion﻿The Simulation software was very helpful, as “what if scenarios” could be created and the system tested, without disturbing the normal functioning of OPD. This enabled decision making before making on ground changes which saved lot of time and money.
Dietary Intakes and Plasma Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Levels in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Yoo Dallah , Lim Yunsook , Son Yiseul , Rho Hyunkyung , Shin Chaewon , Ahn Tae-Beom
Published: December 2020

The study aims to determine the correlation between dietary intakes and plasma concentrations of PUFA and their associations with clinical severities in PD. We designed a case-control study to assess dietary fat intakes and disease severity in 38 PD patients and 33 healthy volunteers. Plasma levels of five PUFAs including α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, linoleic acid (LA), and arachidonic acid (AA) were measured using gas chromatography. No differences were observed in dietary total energy and lipid intakes including PUFAs between two groups. PD patients had lower plasma levels of ALA, LA, and AA than controls. The associations between dietary intake and plasma concentrations of PUFAs were insignificant, whereas the association between dietary intake and plasma concentration of AA was exceptionally significant in controls. Plasma levels of ALA and LA were inversely associated with motor rating scores in PD patients, while that of AA was positively associated with non-motor symptoms.Plasma levels of ALA, LA, and AA were lower in PD patients than those in healthy controls, suggesting absorption problems in PD or expedited utilization of PUFAs. Contradictory relations on motor and non-motor symptoms imply conflicting clinical effects of PUFAs, raising questions about the usefulness of PUFA supplementation.
Molecular Characterization of Mitochondrial Genome From Trichostrongylus Species (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) in Northern Iran
Authors: Sharifdini Meysam , Hajialilo Elham
Published: December 2020

Background: The members of Trichostrongylus spp. are gastrointestinal nematodes of ruminants with worldwide distribution. The nematodes are considered as major health challenges especially in endemic regions of Iran. Several species of the parasite are reported from humans and animals in the country. Frequently, molecular analyses for identification of different species focus on nuclear regions and there is lack of information regarding the mitochondrial genes of Trichostrongylus spp. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify Trichostrongylus species by molecular analysis of mitochondrial gene in Guilan province, northern Iran.Methods: The nematodes were collected from the abomasum contents of sheep, goats and cattle. Morphological survey was performed for initial screening. Total DNA was extracted, and the partial region of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (Cox1) gene was amplified and sequenced. Genetic diversity was calculated and phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequence data was conducted.Results: Three species of Trichostrongylus including T. colubriformis, T. vitrines and T. axei were identified by morphological characterizations. The genetic divergence within the species in the present study was observed for T. axei (0-2.5%), T. colubriformis (0.77%) and T. vitrinus (0%). The mean inter-species difference between the Trichostrongylus species obtained in this study was 14.4- 15.4%.Conclusions: The Cox1 sequences of members of the Trichostrongylus spp. are highly variable and this could be used as a valuable measure for achieving a proper assessment of biodiversity. Sequence data generation from additional species of Trichostrongylus will be needed to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of this genus of nematodes.
Satisfaction of Surgical Informed Consent and Associated Factors Among Women Undergone Obstetric and Gynecologic Surgery at Jimma Medical Center, Jimma, Oromia Region, Ethiopia 2020.
Authors: Tesfa Tsegaw Biyazin , TAYE AYANOS , BELAY YESHITILA
Published: December 2020

Background: Informed consent is a process in which a healthcare provider obtains permission from an individual before delivering a certain health intervention. Patient satisfaction towards informed consent process is one main indicator of patient experience on health care services and mirror image of quality health care. The objective of this study was to assess the level of women satisfaction towards surgical informed consent and its associated factors at Jimma Medical Center, Ethiopia, 2020.Method: Facility based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 1 to May30, 2020 at Jimma Medical Center. A total of 372 surgical patients were selected using a systematic random sampling method. The collected data was coded, entered into Epi data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Bivariate and multivariate regression was carrying out to determine the association between outcome variable and independent variable. Result: A total of 372 study participants were interviewed and giving a response rate of 97.8 %. Of this majority respondents were 167(44.9%) between 28-37 years old, married 310(83.3%), Urban residence 242 (65.1%) and housewife 168 (45%). Patients’ satisfaction towards surgical informed consent was 43%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that residence (AOR: 2.279, 95% CI: 1.257-4.131), current referred history (AOR: 1.856, 95% CI: 1.033-3.337), language of the written consent form (AOR: 2.076, 95% CI: 1.143-3.773), time taken for informed consent provision (AOR: 5.227, 95% CI: 2.499-10.936) and patient to health provider relationship (AOR: 5.419, 95% CI: 3.103-9.464) were positively associated with patient satisfaction.Conclusion: In this study, the level of patient satisfaction towards surgical informed consent process was relatively low compared with previous studies. Health care professionals need to give emphasize on way of delivering informed consent, patients’ need and obey a standard informed consent process with evidence based practice to improve patient satisfaction.
Clinical Features of B. Cereus Sepsis in Premature Neonates
Authors: Li Na , Shen Yunlin , Gong Xiaohui , Hong Wenchao , Li Juan , Zhang Hongzhuan
Published: December 2020

Background: To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of bacillus cereus sepsis in premature neonates.Method: Retrospectively analyze the data of 8 premature neonates of bacillus cereus sepsis in Shanghai Children’s Hospital from January 2015 to December 2019, where clinical information is collected from patients’ medical records and charts, information of neurodevelopment is collected for patients from follow-up visits at corrected age of 6 months and 12 months.Results: 8 premature neonates of bacillus cereus sepsis were identified, among which 5 cases developed meningitis, abnormal Cerebral MRI images were seen in 5 cases. After empirical antibiotic treatment with Meropenem and Vancomycin, 1 patient died, 7 patients survived to discharge. Follow-up visits discovered that 1 patient developed hydrocephalus and showed severely delayed neurodevelopment, 2 patients had mild neurodevelopmental delay, and neurodevelopment was basically normal in other 4 patients. Conclusions: Bacillus cereus infection can cause severe nervous system complications, and affect neurodevelopmental outcome. Empirical antibiotic treatment with Meropenem and Vancomycin is proven effective.
Bilateral Globus Pallidus Internus Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson’s Disease: Therapeutic Effects and Motor Outcomes Prediction
Authors: Shen Dingding , Cao Linhao , Ling Yun , Li Dianyou , Ren Kang , Yu Xiaoliu , Chen Zhonglue , Zhou Haiyan , Liu Jun
Published: December 2020

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as a highly effective surgical treatment for advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD). Good response in levodopa challenge test has suggested as criterion to identify optimal candidates for surgery. However, the response to levodopa and DBS is not always congruent, and predictive value of the levodopa test remains controversial. This study was set out to identify predictors of response to DBS and develop a novel prediction model evaluating DBS candidacy. Methods: Herein, we retrospectively analyzed 62 consecutive PD patients ﻿who underwent bilateral globus pallidus interna (GPi) DBS from 2016 to 2019. ﻿ The changes in UPDRS-III (Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III) total and subscores after surgery at one-year follow-up were evaluated and potential predictor variables were also collected. In the training cohort of 29 patients, we developed a novel machine learning method with 5-fold cross validations implementing on these variables to predict GPi DBS treatment outcomes in a multivariate linear analysis. ﻿Furthermore, the machine learning model was externally validated with another cohort of 33 GPi DBS PD patients.Results: GPi DBS significantly improved postoperative motor function of PD patients. The overall UPDRS-III scores improved by 30.4%, with highest improvement in tremor (75.0%), followed by limb bradykinesia (27.5%), rigidity (27.3%) and axial bradykinesia (22.4%). Most intriguingly, improvement in tremor can be predicted with high accuracy using this prediction model (adjusted R2= 0.82 for absolute improvement, and adjusted R2 = 0.76 for relative improvement), in which off medication tremor subscore was identified as the most powerful preoperative predictor. ﻿In the external validation cohort, the machine learning method showed good predictive performance.Conclusions: We confirmed the effects of bilateral GPi-DBS with a one-year follow-up. The good performance of the present prediction model demonstrated ﻿the utility of machine-learning based motor response prediction after GPi DBS, based on clinical preoperative variables.
The Largest Secure Corridor of the Infra-acetabular Screw—a 3-D Axial Perspective Analysis
Authors: Zhao Bei , Zhang Wei , Li Hao , Han Liren , Han Shizhang , Yang Xiaofei , Yan Jun , Mu Weidong
Published: December 2020

Background The infra-acetabular screw is placed from the pubis to the ischium and can be used as a special lag screw of the posterior column of the acetabulum. This study was performed to simulate the surgical procedure and try to obtain the ideal insertion point, diameter, length and angle of the screw through the method of axial perspective in Chinese patients.Methods We randomly collected the pelvic computed tomography (CT) scans of 200 adults. DICOM-formatted CT-scan images were imported into Mimics software. The 3D digital model of the right semi-pelvic was established. A virtual cylinder representing the screw was placed from the pubis to the ischium to fix the posterior column. The largest secure diameter and length of the virtual screw were measured. The position of the insertion point and the directions of the screw were also researched.Results The screw insertion safe zone can exhibit an irregular “tear drop” from the reconstructed pelvic model. The mean maximum diameter of screws was 5.01±1.28 mm, and the mean maximum length of screws was 93.99±8.92 mm. The screw insertion corridor with a diameter of at least 3.5mm was found in 94 of 100 males (94%) and 86 of 100 females (86%). We found gender-dependent differences for the mean maximum diameter and the maximum length of the screw. The position of insertion point was statistically significant in different genders.Conclusions The study provides a valuable guideline for the largest secure corridor of infra-acetabular screw. We suggest an individual preoperative 3D reconstruction simulation for the ideal screw placement. Further biomechanical studies are needed to verify the function of the screw.
Early Mixed Inflammatory Response in Children with Sepsis
Authors: Li Jianquan , Li Cen , Lv Xia , Zhang Qian , Fan Xia , Zhao Qinghua
Published: December 2020

Objective: The systemic inflammatory and immune response directly influence the prognosis of patient with sepsis. By detecting the pro-/anti-inflammatory and immune biomarkers, we aim to understand the early systemic inflammatory response and immune status, and explore the potential biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment for pediatric patients with sepsis. Methods: 62 pediatric patients with sepsis and 48 pediatric patients without sepsis, between 9 months and 13 years old were included. The HLA-DR expression on CD14+ monocytes, the proportion of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells and IL-27+ CD4+ cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The Foxp3, CTLA-4, GITR, IL-10, L-17A, IL-17F and IL-27 mRNA levels in CD4+cells were evaluated by Real-time PCR. And Cytokines IL-4, IFN-γ and TGF-β were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Serum IFN-γ，transcription levels of IL-17A and IL-17F were higher than that in patients without sepsis (p<0.01), while TGF-β was lower (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in IL-4 level between pediatric patients with and without sepsis. The HLA-DR expression was significantly lower than that in pediatric patients without sepsis (p<0.01), but the expression rate of HLA-DR in two groups are greater than 30%. Compared to pediatric patients without sepsis, there was a lower proportion of CD4+CD25+Treg cells in pediatric patients with sepsis (p<0.01), but with a higher of Foxp3, CTLA-4 and IL-10 mRNA (p<0.01). The IL-27 mRNA and the proportion of CD4+ IL-27+ cells were significantly raised in pediatric patients with sepsis than that in pediatric patients without sepsis (p<0.01). Conclusion: At early stage of sepsis, the pro-inflammatory factors co-exist with anti-inflammatory factors, but the pro-inflammatory response dominates. The IL-27 may exert bi-directional regulation in the mixed immune responses, and can be detected as a potential biomarker for determination of immune status for pediatric patients with sepsis. Also, although the immune function influenced at early stage in pediatric patients with sepsis, the expression rate of HLA-DR was greater than 30%, so treatments of immune regulation could not be necessary at early stage for pediatric patients with sepsis.
Azerbaycan Türkçesinin Bir Diyalektiyle Yazılmış Luka İncili Üzerine
Authors: REZAEİ Mehdi
Published: December 2020

İran kütüphaneleri Farsça ve Arapça eserlerin yanı sıra Türkçe kaynaklar açısından da oldukça zengindir. Bu kütüphanelerin arşivlerinde bulunan yüzlerce Türkçe yazma ve basma eser, geçmiş yüzyıllarda Türk dilinin İran coğrafyasında ne kadar etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. İran kütüphanelerinde din, dil, edebiyat, tarih vb. alanlardaki Türkçe eserler son zamanlarda birçok araştırmacının dikkatini çekmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Azerbaycan Türkçesinin bir diyalektine dayanarak tercüme edilmiş Yeni Ahit'in Luka İncili ele alınmıştır. Eserin dil özellikleri üzerinde durulmuş, çevirinin yapıldığı dönemin ağız özellikleri tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Eser Lukanın İncili başlığı altında İran Milli Kütüphanesinde 269 numarayla kayıtlıdır. Eseri incelediğimizde, son yüzyılda İran'da Türkçenin hangi ölçüde değişime uğradığı ortaya çıkmaktadır. Lukanın İncili gösterdiği dil özellikleri itibariyle gerek Azerbaycan Türkçesi gerekse İran Türk ağızları için önemli bir kaynak sayılabilir.
Mustafa Eyyûbîzâde (Ejubović) el-Mostarî’nin Eserlerinin İncelenmesi ve Arap Dili ve Belagatına Dair Üç Risalesinin Tahkiki
Authors: KÖKSOY Mesut
Published: December 2020

Osmanlı döneminin en önde gelen Bosnalı âlimlerinden birisi yüksek eğitimini İstanbul’da almış ve otuzdan fazla eser te’lif etmiş Şeyh Yuyo (Šejh Jujo) lakaplı Mustafa b. Yusuf b. Murad Eyyûbîzâde (Ejubović) el-Mostarî (ö. 1119/1707)’dir. Bu çalışmada Eyyûbîzâde’nin hayatı ile bilgilerin yanı sıra kendisi ve öğrencisi İbrahim Opijač el-Mostarî’nin verdiği bilgiler, kütüphanelerden temin edilen nüshalar, kütüphane katalogları ile diğer kaynaklardaki bilgiler karşılaştırılarak Eyyûbîzâde’ye ait olan eserler ve eserlerin çeşitli kütüphanelerde bulunan yazma nüshalarına dair detaylı bir inceleme yapılmıştır. Bu sayede Eyyûbîzâde’nin eserleri ve eserlerinin nüshalarına dair kaynaklardaki eksiklik ve yanlışlıklar tespit edilerek düzeltilmiştir. Ayrıca bu çalışmada Eyyûbîzâde’nin Arap dili ve belagatına dair az hacimli üç risalesinin incelemesi yapılarak tahkikli metinleri verilmiştir. Risâle fî Beyâni İctimâʻi’l-İstiâreti’l-Tebeiyye meʻa’t-Temsîliyye adlı ilk risale, et-Teftâzânî ve es-Seyyid eş-Şerîf el-Curcânî arasında Emir Timur’un sarayında gerçekleşen meşhur münazaranın konusu olan Bakara suresi 5. ayette istiâre-i temsiliyye ve istiâre-i tebeiyyenin bir arada bulunup bulunamayacağına dair ihtilaf hakkındadır. Risâle fi Kevni’l-Cumle Mutlakan Haberan li’l-Mubteda’ adlı ikinci risale, et-Teftâzânî ve es-Seyyid eş-Şerîf el-Curcânî arasındaki ihtilaflardan bir diğeri olan inşâ cümlesinin te’vil olmadan haber olup olamayacağına dair ihtilaf hakkındadır. Risâle fî mâ Kâle el-Kuhistânî an İrâbi İbareti ”Kitâbi’t-Tahâre” adlı üçüncü risale, el-Ḳuhistânî’nin Camiʻu’r-Rumûz Şerhu Muhtasari’l-Vikâye adlı şerhinde ”Kitâbi’t-Tahâre” ifadesinin i‘râbına dair yaptığı açıklamalar hakkındadır.
Abdurrahman Munîf’in “Sibâku’l-Mesâfâti’t-Tavîle” Adlı Romanında Doğu Kültüründen İzler
Authors: IŞIK Rıfat , BULUT Mehmet Beşir
Published: December 2020

Yazmış olduğu eserlerinin çoğunluğu, doğu odaklı olması sebebiyle doğu yazarı olarak bilinen Abdurrahman Munîf, modern Arap edebiyatının bu alanda önemli simalarından birisi haline gelmiştir. Eserlerinde doğu temasını tarafsız bir anlayışla ele almaya çalışan yazarın Sibâku’l-Mesâfâti’t-Tavîle adlı romanında, bir İngiliz ajanının doğu ülkelerinin birinde yaptığı istihbarat faaliyetleri sırasında yaşadıklarını, biraz politik birazda duygusal bir kurguyla okuyucuya sunmuştur. Munîf, bunu yaparken orta doğuda, bugün halen devem eden gizli oyunların, perde arkasını kurgulayarak okuyucuya aktarmıştır. Munîf, romanını kurgularken doğuya dışarıdan bakan bir kişinin aktaramayacağı kadar detaylı bilgileri, satır aralarında okuyucusuna aktarmaktan geri durmamıştır. Romanın konusunun yakın tarihle ilgili olması, yaşadığımız ülke itibariyle orta doğu coğrafyasına olan yakınlığımız ve batının doğuya bakış açısını detaylı bir şekilde gözler önüne sermesinden dolayı böyle bir çalışmayı ele almak faydalı olacaktır. Roman, doğu başlığı altında tematik olarak incelenirken, insanlarından kültürlerine kadar pek çok konu başlıklandırılarak ele alınmıştır. Romanda tema tahlilini yaparken bazı noktadaki alıntılar özellikle uzun tutulmuştur. Bunun sebebi, ilgili alıntının her bir noktasında o temaya dair ayrıntılı ifadelerin bulunması ve konu akışının bozulmasının önüne geçmektir.
İlkokul Öğrencilerinin Müzik Türü Tercihleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: TAŞ Halil
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışma, ilkokul 4. sınıf öğrencilerinin, müzik türü tercihlerini, bu tercihlerinin nedenlerini, velilerin ve öğretmenlerin öğrencilerin müzik türü tercihlerine ilişkin görüşlerini eğitimsel ve sosyolojik açıdan ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Popüler kültürün ve popüler müzik türlerinin yükselişinin neden ve sonuçları da bu çalışmada değinilen konular arasındadır. Bu çalışmada nitel araştırma desenlerinden fenomenolojik (olgubilim) desen kullanılmıştır. 3 okulda gerçekleştirilen araştırmanın çalışma grubunu amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden ölçüt örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenen 27 öğrenci, 27 veli ve 12 sınıf öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak yarı yapılandırılmış anket ve görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, betimsel analiz yöntemiyle çözümlenmiştir. Araştırmada Hiphop-Rap müzik türünün en çok tercih edilen müzik türü olduğu, en az tercih edilen müzik türünün ise Klasik Müzik olduğu, okul şarkılarının öğrenciler tarafından fazla tercih edilmeyen bir müzik türü olduğu, öğrencilerin müzik türü tercihlerinde müzik türünün yaygın dinlenmesinin, sanatçısının ve klibinin etkili olduğu; öğrencilerin kendi dinledikleri müzik türlerini faydalı gördükleri, öğretmenlerin ve velilerin ise öğrencilerin en çok tercih ettikleri popüler müzik türlerini faydasız ve kötü olarak algıladıkları belirlenmiştir.