bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KARAKTERISTIK SIFAT FISIKA KIMIA KARAGINAN RUMPUT LAUT Kappaphycus alvarezii PADA BERBAGAI UMUR PANEN YANG DIAMBIL DARI DAERAH PERAIRAN DESA ARAKAN KABUPATEN MINAHASA SELATAN
Authors: Bunga Selvanda M , Montolalu Roike Iwan , Harikedua Johanna , Montolalu Lita ADY , Watung Alexander H , Taher Nurmeilita
Published: July 2019

Rumput laut Kappaphycus alvarezii merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan penghasil karaginan yang banyak dimanfaatkan dalam industri kertas, tekstil, fotografi, pasta dan pengalengan ikan. Karaginan dipakai dalam bebaragi industri karena berfungsi sebagai pengatur keseimbangan, bahan pengental, pembentuk gel, dan pengemulsi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui dan membandingkan sifat fisika kimia karaginan rumput laut dari berbagai umur panen, serta menentukan umur panen yang tepat. Penelitian dilakukan 2 tahap, tahap pertama penanaman rumput laut di daerah perairan desa Arakan  dan diambil dalam waktu 0 (bibit), 10, 20, 30, 40 dan 50 hari. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa rendemen karaginan tertinggi diperoleh dari perlakuan 20 hari (28,402%), kadar air terendah diperoleh pada hari ke 30 (13,76%), kadar abu terendah diperoleh pada hari ke 30 (16,19%), nilai viskositas terendah diperoleh pada hari ke 20 dan 50 (60 cps) dan kekuatan gel tertinggi diperoleh pada hari ke 50 (78,505 g/cm2). Karakteristik kimia untuk parameter kadar air, tidak memenuhi standard yang ditetapkan (12%) dan karakteristik fisika untuk parameter kekuatan gel juga belum memenuhi standard yang ditetapkan (900–1200 g/cm2). Hasil Penelitian ini, diharapkan bisa memberi informasi tentang kandungan fisika kimia karaginan yang terkandung dalam rumput laut dalam perannya di bidang industri perikanan dan kelautan.
IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI ESCHERICHIA PADA IKAN SELAR (Selaroides sp.) BAKAR DI BEBERAPA RESTO DI KOTA MANADO
Authors: Laluraa Laydy F.H , Lohoo Helen Jenny , Mewengkang Hanny Welly
Published: July 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi bakteri Escherichia pada ikan selar (Selaroides sp) bakar yang ada di beberapa resto dikota manado. Pada identifikasi bakteri Escherichia pada ikan selar bakar digunakan beberapa metode identifikasi seperti uji pewarnaan gram, uji moyiliti, uji katalase, uji oksidase, uji IMViC dan uji fermentasi karbohidrat ( fruktosa, laktosa, sukrosa, maltose, glukosa). Hasil analisa presumptive coliform berkisar antara 9,3x101 sampai 2,4x103 MPN/100g dan rata-rata koloni pada EMB Agar untuk total e.colli 1,3x102 sampai 9,7x103 MPN/100g dan total coliform 1,2x103 sampai TBUD. Dan untuk identifikasi sifat bakteri pada uji IMViC menggunakan acuan dari SNI 01-2897-1992
KARAKTERISTIK ORGANIOLEPTIK OTAK-OTAK IKAN YANG DIBERI EDIBLE COATING KARAGINAN DENGAN PENAMBAHAN ASAP CAIR
Authors: Bariah Eka Irma Q , Berhimpon Siegfried , Mongi Eunike Louisje
Published: July 2019

Edible coating is a new type of packaging made of biopolymer. The advantages of edible coating is enable to protect the food product, the original appearance of the product can be maintained and the product can be eaten as well as environmentally friendly. The study aim was to look at the organoleptic characteristics of fish cake coated with edible coating of carrageenan were given a liquid smoke. The treatments  given were variation of carrageenan concentration i,e. 0%, 1%, 1,5%, 2%, 2,5%, 3%. The experiment was designed using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). To determine the effect of treatments, the data were tested using organoleptical tests consists of hedonic and texture.The results shown that hedonic test of the appearance and color of the raw sample have significant effect (p>0,05), while the other test showed no significant effect (p>0,05). However, the organoleptical score for taste, smell and texture shown a tendency that the fish cake coated, have  higher score than without coated. Keywords: Edible coating, Carrageenan, Fish cake, Liquid smoke.
BAKTERI Escherichia coli PADA AIR PENCUCI IKAN DI PASAR BAHU MANADO
Authors: Kapisa Norce Elin , Timbowo Semuel Marthen , Mewengkang Hanny Welly
Published: July 2019

Air merupakan media pelarut yang penting dalam pencucian ikan, sebab dengan pencucian ikan dapat mengurangi sampai menghilangkan bahan kimia ataupun mikro organisme berbahaya. Dengan mengetahui kualitas air yang digunakan dapat mencegah kontaminasi bakteri patogen berasal dari air terhadap produk oleh konsumen.Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengenal keberadaan bakteri pada E. coli pada air pencuci ikan di Pasar Tradisional Bahu Manado. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian yang dilakukan untuk mengungkapkan keterangan suatu fakta tertentu suatu terperinci dan sistematik. Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah masalah mikrobiologi meliputi bakteri dan total E. coli pada air pencuci ikan. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah air pencuci ikan dan air pencuci ikan diberi khlorin10% total bakteri tertinggi terdapat pada air pencuci ikan tanpa khlorin sebesar 2400. Dan terendah pada air pencuci ikan dengan khlorin 10 % ppm.Kata kunci: Escherichia coli, kualitas air, kontaminasi, pasar tradisional.
ANALISA TOTAL BAKTERI PADA IKAN JAPUH (Dussumieria acuta C.V.) ASAP KERING YANG ADA DI PASAR TRADISIONAL TIMINTING MANADO
Authors: Awom Zakeus , Lohoo Helen Jenny , Ijong Frans Gruber
Published: July 2019

Ikan Japuh (Dussumieria acuta C.V) asap kering dan termasuk jenis ikan yang bernilai ekonomis tinggi dan biasanya dipasarkan dalam bentuk ikan Kering, Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa Kadar air, pH dan TPC dan untuk mengetahui total bakteri yang terdapat pada produk ikan Japuh asap kering, yang dipasarkan di pasar Tradisional Tuminting Kota Manado. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ikan Japuh asap kering kadar air berkisar 9,5–11%. pH 6,03–6,18, jumlah bakteri maksimum 1,0x105 sedangkan pengujian TPC  ini relatif tinggi jumlah koloninya dibandingkan dengan SNI, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ikan Japuh asap kering tidak layak dikonsumsi apabila dilakukan pemanasan atau pemasakan terlebih dahulu. Ini kemungkinan oleh aspek lingkungan dimana ikan asap kering ini dibuat bahkan dalam proses pengolahan.Kata kunci: Ikan Japuh, Dussumieria acuta C.V, asap kering, kadar air, uji organoleptik, pasar tradisional.
KAJIAN PERUBAHAN MUTU KESEGARAN IKAN TONGKOL (Euthynnus Affinis) YANG DIRENDAM DALAM EKSTRAK RUMPUT LAUT (Eucheuma spinosum) DAN EKSTRAK BUAH BAKAU (Sonneratia alba)
Authors: Pianusa Anggriani Fedrika , Sanger Grace , Wonggo Djuhria
Published: July 2019

The research has been done to know the influence of seaweed extract (Eucheuma spinosum) and mangrove fruit extract (Sonneratia alba) as antibacterial in preserving tongkol fish. Seaweed (Eucheuma spinosum) and mangrove fruit (Sonneratia alba) were refined, filtered, and dissolved into sterile aquades. Fresh tongkol fish soaked in that extract added ice to maintain the temperature not more than 5 celsius degree. Observation was done to chemistry characteristic (pH), there was microbe pollution (ALT) and sensory characteristic and hedonic of tongkol fish produced by using score test. The result of observation to the sensory value and hedonic of tongkol fish which soaked in each extract give very real influence. On the other side, treatment of soak in extract did not give real influence to pH and microbe pollution (ALT).Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari ekstrak rumput laut Eucheuma spinosum dan ekstrak buah bakau Sonneratia alba sebagai antibakteri dalam mengawetkan ikan tongkol. Rumput laut Eucheuma spinosum dan buah bakau Sonneratia alba dihaluskan, disaring dan dilarutkan ke dalam aquades steril. Ikan tongkol segar direndam dalam ekstrak tersebut sambil diberi es dengan mempertahankan suhu agar tidak lebih dari 5ºC. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap sifat kimia (pH), adanya cemaran mikroba (ALT) dan sifat sensori dan hedonik ikan tongkol yang dihasilkan dengan menggunakan uji skor. Hasil pengamatan terhadap nilai sensori dan hedonik ikan tongkol yang direndam dalam masing-masing ekstrak memberikan pengaruh yang sangat nyata. Sebaliknya perlakuan perendaman dalam ekstrak tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap pH dan cemaran mikroba (ALT).
KEBERADAAN MIKROBA PADA BAKSO IKAN ASAP CAIR, YANG DIKEMAS DALAM RETORTABLE POUCH, DIPASTEURISASI DAN DISIMPAN PADA TEMPERATUR RUANG
Authors: Rohana Margani Luyuani , Berhimpon Siegfried , Palenewen Joyce CV
Published: July 2019

A research has been done to assess the presence of microbes and the shelf life of fish balls dipped in liquid smoke, packed in retortable pouch, pasteurized, and stored at room temperature. The method used in this research is an experimental method that revealed the facts based on existing problems through hypothesis testing. Parameters assessed are Total Plate Count (TPC), total Salmonella, total coliforms and E. coli, total vibrio, water content, and pH. Fish balls were pasteurized in 85ºC and stored in room temperature for 0, 3, 6, and 9 days, and were pasteurized at 100°C and storage in room temperature for 0, 9, 18, and 27 days. The results shown that all pathogen were negative, but based on Indonesian standard (SNI 01-7266-1-2006) especially TPC value, fish balls were packaged in retortable pouch and without pasteurized is no longer acceptable for consumption after 3 days of storage, and fish balls were packaged in retortable pouch and pasteurized at 85ºC no longer acceptable for consumed after 6 days of storage. While the fish balls are packaged in retortable pouch and pasteurized at 100°C is no longer acceptable for consumed after 18 days of storage.Keyword: Retortable Pouch, Pasteurization, Pathogens.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keberadaan mikroba dan daya awet bakso ikan yang direndam dalam asap cair dan dikemas dalam Retortable pouch, dipasteurisasi, dan disimpan pada temperatur ruang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen untuk menguji hipotesa. Parameter yang diamati yaitu Angka Lempeng Total (ALT), Salmonella, total koliform dan E.coli, total vibrio, analisa kadar air, dan nilai pH. Bakso ikan asap cair yang dipasteurisasi pada 85ºC, disimpan pada temperatur ruang selama 0, 3, 6, dan 9 hari, dan yang dipasteurisasi pada 100ºC, disimpan pada temperatur ruang selama 0,9,18, dan 27 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bakso ikan yang dikemas dalam Retortable pouch, tanpa dipasteurisasi sudah tidak layak lagi untuk dikonsumsi setelah penyimpanan 3 hari, dan bakso ikan yang dikemas dalam Retortable pouch dan dipasteurisasi pada 85ºC sudah tidak layak lagi untuk dikonsumsi setelah penyimpanan 6 hari. Bakso ikan yang dikemas dalam Retortable pouch, dan dipasteurisasi pada 100ºC nanti tidak layak lagi dikonsumsi setelah penyimpanan 18 hari.Kata Kunci: Kemasan Retortable Pouch, Pasteurisasi, Patogen.
TOTAL BAKTERI Escherichia coli PADA AIR PENCUCI IKAN DI TEMPAT PELELANGAN IKAN PASAR BERSEHATI MANADO
Authors: Ateta Dessy , Pandey Engel Victor , Ijong Frans Gruber
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keberadaan bakteri E. coli pada air pencuci di TPI Pasar Bersehati Kota Manado. Hasil penelitian diharapkan memberikan informasi mengenai keberadaan bakteri E. coli pada air pencuci di TPI Pasar Bersehati Kota Manado. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di TPI Pasar Bersehati dalam fokus pada air pencuci ikan, sedangkan untuk analisa mikrobiologis bertempat di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado. Pengambilan sampel air dilakukan pada saat kegiatan di TPI Pasar Bersehati sedang berlangsung. Air pencucian diambil dari air laut dan air PAM dengan cara sampel dimasukan dalam botol sebanyak volume botol dan masukan dalam cool box selama transportasi dari TPI ke Laboratorium. Sampling dilakukan sebanyak satu kali dalam ulangan 1 kali. A1= pengambilan pertama sampel air laut, A2=pengambilan kedua sampel air laut, B1=pengambilan pertama sampel air PAM, B2=pengambilan kedua sampel air PAM. Total koliform dalam 100 ml sampel air yaitu: A2 = 150, B2 = 0. Jumlah bakteri secara umum, total koliform dan E. coli lebih banyak pada sampel A2.Kata kunci: Eschericia coli, air pencuci ikan, tempat pelelangan ikan.
ANALISA TOTAL BAKTERI, KADAR AIR DAN pH PADA RUMPUT LAUT (Kappaphycus alvarezii) DENGAN DUA METODE PENGERINGAN
Authors: Kumesan Evan Ch , Pandey Engel Victor , Lohoo Helen Jenny
Published: July 2019

Rumput laut sebagai salah satu komoditas ekspor merupakan sumber devisa bagi Negara dan budidayanya merupakan sumber pendapatan nelayan, dapat menyerap tenaga kerja, serta mampu memanfaatkan lahan perairan pantai di kepulauan Indonesia yang sangat potensial. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menghitung jumlah koloni bakteri, dan menentukan jumlah kadar air dan pH pada rumput laut (Kappaphycus alvarezii) dengan dua metode pengeringan. Penelitian ini menerapkan metode desktriptif yaitu metode analisa yang memberikan gambaran secermat mungkin tentang suatu individu, keadaan gejala atau kelompok tertentu. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa jumlah koloni bakteri yang tumbuh pada rumput laut (Kappaphycus alvarezii) rata-rata menunjukan hasil yang tidak jauh berbeda, rumput laut yang dikeringkan dengan menggunakan sinar matahari dari pukul 08.00-12.00 selama 40 jam adalah 5,45 x 105 CFU/gr, dan untuk pukul 12.00-16.00 selama 40 jam 5,13 x 105 CFU/gr. Sedangkan, untuk pengeringan menggunakan cabinet dryer untuk pengeringan selama 12 jam adalah 5,39 x 105 CFU/gr dan pengeringan selama 24 jam adalah 5,48 x 105 CFU/gr. Untuk kadar air nilai tertinggi yaitu 17,25% pada pengeringan menggunakan cabinet dryer selama 12 jam. Dan nilai rata-rata terendah yaitu 10,75% pada pengeringan sinar matahari selama 40 jam. Dan untuk nilai pH, nilai tertinggi yaitu 5,58 pada pengeringan menggunakan sinar matahari pada pukul 08.00-12.00 selama 40 jam dan untuk nilai terendah yaitu 4,93 pada pengeringan menggunakan cabinet dryer selama 24 jam.
UJI MUTU IKAN CAKALANG (Katsuwonus pelamis-L) DAN IKAN TONGKOL (Euthynnus affinis) SEGAR DI TPI TUMUMPA SELAMA PENYIMPANAN DINGIN
Authors: Ekasari Desta , Suwetja I Ketut , Montolalu Lita ADY
Published: July 2019

The skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis-L) or the locally known as Cakalang and the mackerel tuna (Euthynnus affinis) or tongkol as it known locally are the types of fishes that have high economic value. The aim of this research is to observe the decrease in freshness quality of the skipjack tuna and the mackerel tuna that have been stored for 14 days in a cool box with the temperature of 0–5ºC, with the supporting data based on The TVB-N analysis, organoleptic analysis and Miogobin value analysis. The results using the three testing procedures which are consists of TVB-N value, organoleptic value and Mioglobin value, indicated that the meat of the mackarel tuna have more faster rate of degradation than the skipjack tuna. Data from the result of TVB-N anova calculation proved that the type of fish have no influence on the TVB-N value, while the storage duration are very influential the TVB-N value. In data of organoleptic value the general impression of skipjack tuna and the mackerel tuna obtained from the anova calculated imply that the type of fish influence the appearance and texture but not with the eyes gills and odour . While the treatment of storage time are impacted greatly on the appearance, texture as well as gills and odour. Keyword: TVB-N, Organoleptic, Mioglobin.   Ikan cakalang(Katsuwonus pelamis-L) dan ikan tongkol (Euthynnus affinis) merupakan salah satu jenis ikan yang mempunyai nilai ekonomi tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini yakni untuk melihat kemunduran mutu kesegaran ikan cakalang dan ikan tongkol yang disimpan selama 14 hari dengan suhu 0–5ºC di cool box. Metode yang digunakan yaitu analisa TVB-N, analisa organoleptik dan analisa nilai Miogobin sebagai pendukung. Hasil analisa dengan tiga metode uji yaitu nilai TVB-N, nilai organoleptik dan nilai mioglobin, semuanya mengatakan bahwa daging ikan tongkol lebih cepat terdegradasi dibandingkan dengan ikan cakalang. Data hasil perhitungan anova TVB-N menyatakan bahwa jenis ikan tidak mempengaruhi kadar TVB-N sedangkan waktu lama penyimpanan sangat mempengaruhi tingkat kadar TVBN. Pada data nilai organoleptik kesan umum ikan cakalang dan ikan tongkol pada hasil perhitungan anova didapatkan jenis ikan mempengaruhi kenampakan dan tekstur tetapi tidak untuk mata, insang dan bau Sedangkan untuk perlakuan lama penyimpanan sangat mempengaruhi pada kenampakan, tekstur, insang, mata dan bau. Kata Kunci: TVB-N, Organoleptik, Mioglobin.
STUDI KEBERADAAN BAKTERI PATOGEN PADA IKAN KAYU (Katsuwobushi) YANG DIPROSES DENGAN ASAP CAIR
Authors: Pulu Emeliza Kondangduata , Dien Henny Adeleida , Kaparang Josefa Tety
Published: July 2019

The problems in dried bonito flakes industry nowadays is the high contents of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) which is can act as carcinogenic agent. The aim of this study was to observe and detect the presence of pathogenic bacteria that may contaminate the dried bonito flakes. The tested parameters include Total Plate Count (TPC) analysis, detection of Coliform, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus, Salmonella. The results showed that the early drying period had 1,3x104 cfu/g and the final drying had 3x103 cfu/g. There is no evidence of the  presence of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus, Salmonella.
KUALITAS IKAN CAKALANG (Katsuwonus pelamis L.) ASAP PADA BEBERAPA SENTRA PENGOLAHAN DI SULAWESI UTARA
Authors: Landangkasiang Agatha I. N. , Taher Nurmeilita , Kaparang Josefa Tety , Harikedua Silvana Dinaintang
Published: July 2019

Skipjack tuna “fufu” is a typical North Sulawesi smoked fish. This product is very popular and caught the interest by local residents and domestic tourists. Up until now, there is no uniform quality of skipjack tuna fufu products in the market. The products of smoked fish varied in textures and salty flavors. It is indicated of the lack of processing standard of smoked skipjack which can be used as a benchmark for fish processors. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the quality of smoked skipjack produced by 5 different fish processors in North Sulawesi. Tests were carried out on salt content, moisture content, and sensory of saltiness and texture of fish. The result showed that the salt and moisture content of smoked skipjack obtained from 5 different processors still meet the Indonesian National Standard requirements. The organoleptic test shows a variety of panelist perception of saltiness and texture of smoked fish. Furthermore, there was a very weak correlation between the saltiness value and salt content (r = 0.132) and between the texture and moisture content (r = 0.187). Ikan cakalang fufu merupakan ikan asap khas Sulawesi Utara. Ikan ini semakin digemari dan diminati oleh penduduk lokal maupun wisatawan domestik. Sampai saat ini belum ada produk ikan cakalang fufu dengan mutu yang seragam di pasaran. Produk ikan asap yang dihasilkan memiliki tekstur yang beragam dan rasa asin yang bervariasi. Hal ini karena tidak adanya standard proses pengolahan ikan cakalang fufu yang dapat dijadikan patokan bagi pengolah ikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas ikan Cakalang asap yang dihasilkan oleh 5 tempat pengolahan berbeda di Sulawesi Utara. Pengujian dilakukan terhadap kadar garam, kadar air, dan uji organoleptik terhadap rasa asin dan tekstur ikan. Kadar garam dan kadar air ikan Cakalang asap dari 5 pengolah berbeda masih memenuhi Standar Nasional Indonesia. Uji organoleptik menunjukan bervariasinya penilaian panelis terhadap rasa asin dn tekstur ikan asap. Adanya korelasi yang sangat lemah antara nilai organoleptik rasa asin dan kadar garam (r = 0.132) maupun antara nilai organoleptik tekstur dan kadar air (r=0.187).
KOMPOSISI KIMIA, SENYAWA BIOAKTIF DAN ANKGA LEMPENG TOTAL PADA RUMPUT LAUT Gracillaria edulis
Authors: Musa Susanti , Sanger Grace , Dien Henny Adeleida
Published: July 2019

This study was conducted to determine the proximate composition, bioactive compound and total plate count (TPC) in Gracilaria edulis seaweed. This research used descriptive explorative method. The results showed the average value of moisture content (77.7%); protein content (39.4%); fat content (8.1%); carbohydrates by difference (71.7%); ash content (20.7%) and very low bacterial count. Phytochemical test results show this seaweed contains alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, and triterpenoids compounds. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui komposisi proksimat, senyawa bioaktif dan angka lempeng total (ALT) pada rumput laut Gracilaria edulis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif eksploratif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai rata-rata kadar air (77,7%); protein (39,4%); kadar lemak (8,1%); karbohidrat (71,7%); kadar abu (20,7%) dan jumlah bakteri yang sangat rendah. Hasil uji fitokimia menunjukkan rumput laut ini mengandung  senyawa alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid, dan triterpenoid.
ANALISIS FITOKIMIA DAN UJI TOTAL KAPANG PADA RUMPUT LAUT KERING Eucheuma denticulatum DAN Kappaphycus alvarezii
Authors: Mayore Sutardy , Damongilala Lena Jeane , Mewengkang Hanny Welly , Salindeho Netty , Sanger Grace , Makapedua Daisy Monica
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the phytochemistry content of dried seaweed Eucheuma denticulatum and Kappaphycus alvarezii using methanol and ethanol as solvents and to measure the total plate count (TPC) in the simplicia of dried seaweed Eucheuma denticulatum and Kappaphycus alvarezii. The results showed that dried seaweed Eucheuma denticulatum and Kappahycus alvarezii extract with ethanol and methanol contained bioactive compounds such as Flavonoids, Saponins, Tannins, Terpenoids, Phenols and Alkaloid in Dragendorf reagents and Wagner reagents. However, alkaloid was not found in Mayer reagents in both seaweed. Moreover, steroid was only identified in both seaweed extracts with ethanol. While total plate count (TPC) in incubation for two days at 25–30˚C was 3.1x102 CFU/g for dried seaweed Eucheuma denticulatum and Kappaphycus alvarezii had total plate count (TPC) of 3.4x102 CFU/g.Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui kandungan fitokimia dari rumput laut kering Eucheuma denticulatum dan Kappaphycus alvarezii menggunakan pelarut methanol dan etanol, dan untuk mengukur total kapang dalam simplisia rumput laut kering Eucheuma denticulatum dan Kappaphycus alvarezii. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa rumput laut kering Eucheuma denticulatum dan Kappaphycus alvarezii yang di ekstrak dengan etanol dan methanol, mengandung senyawa Flavonoid, Saponin, Terpenoid, Tanin, Fenol dan Alkaloid pada pereaksi Dragendorf dan Wagner. Senyawa Alkaloid pada pereaksi Mayer tidak teridentifikasi pada kedua rumput laut. Senyawa Steroid yang teridentifikasi pada kedua rumput laut yang diekstrak dengan etanol. Sementara itu, total kapang yang di inkubasi selama dua hari pada suhu 25–30˚C ialah 3,1x102 CFU/g untuk rumput laut kering Eucheuma denticulatum, sedangkan rumput laut kering Kappaphycus alvarezii memiliki total kapang 3,4x102 CFU/g.
KANDUNGAN FITOKIMIA EKSTRAK ETANOL RUMPUT LAUT SEGAR (Turbinaria sp., Gracilaria sp., dan Halimeda macroloba)
Authors: Soamole Hasri H , Sanger Grace , Harikedua Silvana Dinaintang , Dotulong Verly , Mewengkang Hanny Welly , Montolalu Roike Iwan
Published: July 2019

Rumput laut atau dikenal dengan nama seaweed merupakan salah satu organisme laut yang berpotensi sebagai sumber bioaktif, pangan dan obat-obatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kadar air dan kandungan senyawa bioaktif seperti, alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid, steroid, tanin dan saponin pada tiga jenis rumput laut segar Turbinaria sp., Gracilaria sp., dan Halimeda macroloba. Rumput laut yang dijadikan sampel didapatkan dari daerah Minahasa Utara (pulau Nain). Ekstraksi senyawa bioaktif dilakukan dengan metode maserasi (perendaman) dengan pelarut teknis (etanol), dan perbandingan (1:2 b/v), selama 48 jam pada suhu ruang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan air pada ketiga jenis rumput laut ini bervariasi yaitu 75,6% untuk Turbinaria sp. 90,6% untuk Gracilaria sp. dan 72,7% untuk Halimeda macroloba. Dari penelitian ini juga menunjukkan ketiga jenis rumput laut mengandung senyawa bioaktif seperti; alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid, steroid, saponin dan tanin. Dari hasil penelitian pada ketiga jenis rumput laut tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa tiga jenis rumput laut tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai pangan fungsional, obat-obatan dan industri makanan karena memiliki senyawa bioaktif.
PROTEIN GELS: A MINI REVIEW
Authors: Harikedua Silvana Dinaintang
Published: July 2019

The use of gelatin as food additive for gelling properties was discussed in this review. Three products (i.e. gel dessert, yoghurt, and surimi) were selected as the main focus of this mini review since they characterized 3 different protein gelation system. The mechanism of gelatin gelation in water system was described by gel dessert, the gelation of casein in dairy product was presented by yoghurt, and the gelation of sarcoplasmic protein in meat system was exemplify by surimi. Overall, the mechanism of gelation mainly contributed by the networking of protein-protein which is strengthen by the intermolecular bond and intramolecular bond.
Early Outcomes of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Patients with Low Ejection Fraction
Authors: Aly Aljunaidy Loay , Attia Husseen Mohammed , Abdelrazek Ali Ihab , Ahmed Gamal Mohammed , Farag Ahmed Mohammed , Mohamed Elshemy Ahmed , Ouf Ramadan Ibrahim
Published: July 2019

Background: Patients with low ejection fraction (EF) are at a higher risk for postoperative complications and mortality. Our objective was to assess the effect of low EF (<40%) on early clinical outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and to determine the predictors of mortality.

Methods: From June 2017 to February 2019, 170 consecutive patients underwent CABG. There were 120 patients with low EF (<40%; 37.49 ± 2.89%); 94 were men (78.3%), and the mean age was 55.83 ± 8.04 years. Fifty patients had normal EF (> 40; 57.90 ± 2.27 %), 41 were men (82.0%), and the mean age was 54.30 ± 7.01 years and used as a control group.

Results: Overall 30-day mortality was 10/120 patients (8.3%). Factors associated with higher mortality were females ( 70.0% vs. 17.3%, P<0.001); older age (61.40 ± 7.01 vs. 55.32 ± 7.97 years, P=0.025); diabetes mellitus (100% vs. 51.8%; P=0.003); longer cardiopulmonary bypass time (148.70 ± 40.12 vs. 108.49 ± 36.89 min; P=0.012); longer cross clamp time (88.19 ± 31.94 vs.64.77 ± 22.67 min; P=0.049), longer total operative time (6.82 ± 1.03 vs 5.38 ± 0.95 hours; P=0.001); intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) insertion (90.0% vs. 10.9%; P<0.001); intra-operative complications (60% vs. 1.8%, P<0.001); ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation (30% and 50% vs. 4.5% and 5.5% respectively; P=0.002 for both); myocardial infarction (70% vs 11.8%, P<0.001), and lower postoperative ejection fraction (21.46 ± 1.93 vs 40.30 ± 8.19 %, P<0.001). In patients with low EF, postoperative NYHA and CCS angina class have improved compared to the preoperative levels (1.50 ± 0.61 vs. 3.31 ± 0.56; p< 0.001 and 1.38 ± 0.52 vs. 3.11 ± 0.55; p< 0.001 respectively)

Conclusion: Patients with low EF have a higher risk of morbidity and mortality; however, the clinical and echocardiographic parameters improve over time. Therefore, CABG remains a viable option in selected patients with low EF. Factors affecting our 30-days mortality were related to the severity of the disease.
Parental reports of bilingual toddlers’ first words and grammar of Italian in majority and heritage language contexts
Authors: La Morgia Francesca , Billington Jo
Published: July 2019

This study presents the results of an investigation into the size and composition of vocabulary and early sentence formation in two groups of young bilingual children, one acquiring Italian as a majority language and the other acquiring it as a heritage language. The results show high variability in the relationship between input and vocabulary size and composition in children between the ages of 24 and 29 months, while this relationship becomes more stable in children between the ages of 30 and 37 months. The results also show that the majority of children have a larger vocabulary and produce more complex sentences in the majority language, input received in each language does not systematically correlate with vocabulary size or with production of complex grammatical structures. The results shed light on some characteristics of early simultaneous bilingual language development. Implications for practice are discussed.
Minority language development in early childhood: a study of siblings acquiring Bosnian and English in Ireland
Authors: Ćatibušić Bronagh
Published: July 2019

This paper considers issues faced by multilingual families in supporting their children’s acquisition of minority home languages. These include the challenges posed by majority language dominance in society and education, limited opportunities for minority language input and interaction, and possible differences in the language acquisition experience of siblings (De Houwer, 2007; Barron-Hauwaert, 2011; Bridges and Hoff, 2014). The paper reports on a comparative case study which investigated the early childhood language development of two siblings acquiring Bosnian and English in Ireland. Based on audio and video recordings of the children in the home environment, it focuses on the acquisition of the minority language, Bosnian, by the eldest and youngest of three sisters. Following a previous study (Finnegan-Ćatibušić, 2006), it compares the children's linguistic development in the minority language and how this may be influenced by discourse patterns in family interaction (Döpke, 1992; Genessee, 2002; 2008). The children's development of biliteracy (Cummins, 2012) and community efforts to promote minority language maintenance are also discussed. Multilingualism is considered from an ecological perspective (Van Lier, 2004; Creese and Blackledge, 2010), exploring steps that families can take to create linguistic environments which support minority language development. This research is set in the context of an increasingly multilingual Ireland, in which migrant languages have been acknowledged as a ‘resource’ by the Department of Education and Skills (DES, 2017). The study shows that children’s multilingual development often occurs outside formal education, in family and community settings. Its findings indicate that, within the education system, there is a need for greater recognition of multilingualism from the early years and for the promotion of multilingual approaches to education (Kirwan, 2013; Ćatibušić and Little, 2014; Cummins, 2015).
A Consideration of Language Teacher Education in Ireland, North and South
Authors: Farren Patrick , McKendry Eugene
Published: July 2019

This paper surveys the context of language teacher education in Ireland, north and south, across the sectors (primary and post-primary, Irish, Modern Languages and English as an Additional Language). The discussion and analysis that follows arose through the contributions by language teacher educators to a conference organised by the Queen’s University of Belfast under the auspices of the Standing Conference on Teacher Education, North and South (SCoTENS)1. The authors suggest that a traditional view of diversification in language education, focusing on Irish and the main European languages, must be reconsidered in light of the new demographic and linguistic landscape of Ireland, North and South.
Re-Imagining Academic and Professional Irish Language Programmes in Initial Teacher Education: Implications of a New Third Level Irish Language Syllabus
Authors: Nic Eoin Máirín
Published: July 2019

In 2008, a national working group was established in Ireland with the objective of producing a new third level Irish-language syllabus based on the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment (Council of Europe, 2001). The need for such a syllabus was widely acknowledged by third level teachers of Irish, in particular by those working in Irish Departments in the Colleges of Education. This article documents the progress of the Syllabus Project initiated by the national working group, and addresses in particular the question of linguisticdiversity among student teachers preparing for a career in the primary school sector. The author considers language teaching in the debate about initial teacher education models, the policy background to the Syllabus Project, pedagogy and practice in piloting the new syllabus, and future perspectives on third level Irish-language course provision.
Foghlaim chomhtháite ábhar agus teanga i gclár oideachais tosaigh do mhúinteoirí bunscoile
Authors: Ó Duibhir Pádraig
Published: July 2019

Content and language integrated learning (CLIL) has been defined as an educational approach where content is taught through the medium of a second language. The focus is on the learning of content rather than on the language. Much of the underlying theory for CLIL draws on the research from immersion education. The Irish Government’s 20-Year Strategy for the Irish Language 2010-2030 proposes to improve the proficiency in Irish of primary school pupils by offering CLIL to all pupils. This paper examines the role of CLIL in initial teacher education and the contribution that it can make to improving student teachers’ proficiency in Irish and in preparing the student teachers to teach in Irish-medium schools. While a CLIL approach has become quite common at school level in many countries, the number of empirical studies on the effectiveness of CLIL approaches on learners’ language achievement is relatively small. This paper reports on a study in St Patrick’s College, Dublin City University, where 29 Postgraduate Diploma in Education (Primary) students opted to study a number of curricular areas through the medium of Irish utilising a CLIL approach.
A toolbox of molecular photoswitches to modulate the CXCR3 chemokine receptor with light
Authors: Gómez-Santacana Xavier , de Munnik Sabrina M , Mocking Tamara A M , Hauwert Niels J , Sun Shanliang , Vijayachandran Prashanna , de Esch Iwan J P , Vischer Henry F , Wijtmans Maikel , Leurs Rob
Published: July 2019

We report a detailed structure-activity relationship for the scaffold of VUF16216, a compound we have previously communicated as a small-molecule efficacy photoswitch for the peptidergic chemokine GPCR CXCR3. A total of 31 photoswitchable azobenzene ligands was prepared through various synthetic strategies and multistep syntheses. Photochemical and pharmacological properties were used to guide the design iterations. Investigations of positional and substituent effects reveal that halogen substituents on the ortho position of the outer ring are preferred for conferring partial agonism on the cis form of the ligands. This effect could be further expanded by an EDG group on the para position of the central ring. A variety of efficacy differences between the trans and cis forms emerges from these compounds. Tool compounds VUF15888 (4d) and VUF16620 (6e) represent more subtle efficacy switchers, while VUF16216 (6f) displays the largest efficacy switch, from antagonism to full agonism. The compound class disclosed here can aid in new photopharmacology studies of CXCR3 signaling.
Analytical Estimation of the Widths of Hadley Cells in the Solar System
Authors: Rees Karlie N. , Garrett Timothy J.
Published: July 2019

Analytical descriptions of the angular width of Earth’s Hadley cell show it to be related to the square root of the product of the tropospheric thickness and buoyancy frequency, and to the inverse square root of the angular velocity and planetary radius. Here, the applicability of this formulation is examined for other planetary bodies in the solar system. Generally, good consistency is found between predictions and observations for terrestrial planets provided the pressure scale height rather than the tropopause height is assumed to determine the thickness of the tropospheric circulation. For gas giants, the relevant thickness is deeper than the scale height, possibly due to the internal heat produced by Kelvin–Helmholtz contraction. On Earth, latent heat release within deep convection may play a similar role in deepening and widening the Hadley cell.
A Large Catalog of Accurate Distances to Local Molecular Clouds: The Gaia DR2 Edition
Authors: Zucker Catherine , Speagle Joshua S. , Schlafly Edward F. , Green Gregory M. , Finkbeiner Douglas P. , Goodman Alyssa A. , Alves João
Published: July 2019

We present a uniform catalog of accurate distances to local molecular clouds informed by the Gaia DR2 data release. Our methodology builds on that of Schlafly et al. First, we infer the distance and extinction to stars along sightlines toward the clouds using optical and near-infrared photometry. When available, we incorporate knowledge of the stellar distances obtained from Gaia DR2 parallax measurements. We model these per-star distance–extinction estimates as being caused by a dust screen with a 2D morphology derived from Planck at an unknown distance, which we then fit for using a nested sampling algorithm. We provide updated distances to the Schlafly et al. sightlines toward the Dame et al. and Magnani et al. clouds, finding good agreement with the earlier work. For a subset of 27 clouds, we construct interactive pixelated distance maps to further study detailed cloud structure, and find several clouds which display clear distance gradients and/or are comprised of multiple components. We use these maps to determine robust average distances to these clouds. The characteristic combined uncertainty on our distances is ≈5%–6%, though this can be higher for clouds at greater distances, due to the limitations of our single-cloud model.
Assessing the ecological and societal impacts of alien parrots in Europe using a transparent and inclusive evidence-mapping scheme
Authors: White Rachel L. , Strubbe Diederik , Dallimer Martin , Davies Zoe G. , Davis Amy J.S. , Edelaar Pim , Groombridge Jim , Jackson Hazel A. , Menchetti Mattia , Mori Emiliano , Nikolov Boris P. , Pârâu Liviu G. , Pečnikar Živa F. , Pett Tristan J. , Reino Luís , Tollington Simon , Turbé Anne , Shwartz Assaf
Published: July 2019

Globally, the number of invasive alien species (IAS) continues to increase and management and policy responses typically need to be adopted before conclusive empirical evidence on their environmental and socioeconomic impacts are available. Consequently, numerous protocols exist for assessing IAS impacts and differ considerably in which evidence they include. However, inclusive strategies for building a transparent evidence base underlying IAS impact assessments are lacking, potentially affecting our ability to reliably identify priority IAS. Using alien parrots in Europe as a case study, here we apply an evidence-mapping scheme to classify impact evidence and evaluate the consequences of accepting different subsets of available evidence on impact assessment outcomes. We collected environmental and socioeconomic impact data in multiple languages using a “wiki-review” process, comprising a systematic evidence search and an online editing and consultation phase. Evidence was classified by parrot species, impact category (e.g. infrastructure), geographical area (e.g. native range), source type (e.g. peer-review), study design (e.g. experimental) and impact direction (deleterious, beneficial and no impact). Our comprehensive database comprised 386 impact entries from 233 sources. Most evidence was anecdotal (50%). A total of 42% of entries reported damage to agriculture (mainly in native ranges), while within Europe most entries concerned interspecific competition (39%). We demonstrate that the types of evidence included in assessments can strongly influence impact severity scores. For example, including evidence from the native range or anecdotal evidence resulted in an overall switch from minimal-moderate to moderate-major overall impact scores. We advise using such an evidence-mapping approach to create an inclusive and updatable database as the foundation for more transparent IAS impact assessments. When openly shared, such evidence-mapping can help better inform IAS research, management and policy.
Dichotomous keys to the species of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in continental Africa, Madagascar (incl. the Indian Ocean islands), Macaronesia and the Cape Verde Islands
Authors: Knapp Sandra , Vorontsova Maria S. , Särkinen Tiina
Published: July 2019

Solanum L. (Solanaceae) is one of the largest genera of angiosperms and presents difficulties in identification due to lack of regional keys to all groups. Here we provide keys to all 135 species of Solanum native and naturalised in Africa (as defined by World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions): continental Africa, Madagascar (incl. the Indian Ocean islands of Mauritius, La Réunion, the Comoros and the Seychelles), Macaronesia and the Cape Verde Islands. Some of these have previously been published in the context of monographic works, but here we include all taxa. The paper is designed to be used in conjunction with the web resource Solanaceae Source (www.solanaceaesource.org) and hyperlinks provide access to online descriptions, synonymy and images (where available) of each species. All taxa treated and specimens seen are included in searchable Suppl. material 1, 2.
Five new species of the genus Primulina (Gesneriaceae) from Limestone Areas of Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region, China
Authors: Li Shu , Xin Zi-Bing , Chou Wei-Chuen , Huang Yi , Pan Bo , Maciejewski Stephen , Wen Fang
Published: July 2019

Five new species of Primulina (Gesneriaceae) are described and illustrated here, namely P.purpureokylin F. Wen, Yi Huang & W. Chuen Chou, P.persica F. Wen, Yi Huang & W. Chuen Chou, P.cerina F. Wen, Yi Huang & W. Chuen Chou, P.niveolanosa F. Wen, S. Li & W. Chuen Chou and P.leiyyi F. Wen, Z.B. Xin & W. Chuen Chou. The characteristic traits of these species, together with photographs, detailed descriptions, notes on etymology, distribution, and habitat, as well as comparisons with morphologically similar species, are provided.
A new species of Tipulodina (Diptera, Tipulidae) from China, with description of the female internal reproductive system
Authors: Xue Guo-Xi , Men Qiu-Lei , Zhang Jia , Zhao Qing , Sheng Nan , Wang Hai-Xiao , Long Ji-Feng
Published: July 2019

A new species of the genusTipulodinaEnderlein, 1912,TipulodinabifurcataXue & Men,sp. nov.(Guangxi, South China) is described and illustrated. A key to the known species in China is provided. The morphological description of the female internal reproductive system of the new species is provided, which represents the first description for this genus.
Suboptimal Immunization Coverage among Canadian Rheumatology Patients in Routine Clinical Care
Authors: Qendro Tedi , de la Torre María Laura , Panopalis Pantelis , Hazel Elizabeth , Ward Brian J. , Colmegna Inés , Hudson Marie
Published: July 2019

Objective.

To assess vaccination coverage and predictors of vaccination among a Canadian population of rheumatology patients in routine clinical care.

Methods.

In this cross-sectional study, consecutive adult patients presenting to a tertiary rheumatology clinic at the McGill University Health Center between May and September 2015 were asked to fill a survey on vaccination. Patients self-identified as having rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD), spondyloarthropathies (SpA), or other diseases (OD). Multivariate logistical regression analyses were performed to evaluate patient and physician factors associated with various vaccinations [for influenza, pneumococcus, and hepatitis B virus (HBV)]. Published Quebec general population influenza and pneumococcal vaccination rates in those aged ≥ 65 years were used as comparative baseline rates.

Results.

Three hundred fifty-two patients were included in the analysis (RA: 136, SARD: 113, SpA: 47, OD: 56). Vaccination rates were reported as follows: (1) influenza: RA 48.5%, SARD 42.0%, SpA 31.9%, OD 88.9%, Quebec general population 58.5%; (2) pneumococcal: RA 42.0%, SARD 37.8%, SpA 29.7%, OD 33.3%, Quebec general population 53.2%; (3) HBV: RA 33.6%, SARD 55.6%, SpA 73.5%, OD 36.8%; and (4) herpes zoster: RA 5.6%, SARD 28.6%, SpA 25.0%, OD 16.7%. Physician recommendation was the strongest independent predictor of vaccination across all vaccine types (influenza: OR 8.56, 95% CI 2.80–26.2, p < 0.001; pneumococcal: OR 314, 95% CI 73.0–1353, p < 0.001; HBV: OR 12.8, 95% CI 5.27–31.1, p < 0.001). Disease group, disease duration, comorbidities, treatment type, and being followed by a primary care physician were not significantly associated with vaccination.

Conclusion.

There is suboptimal immunization coverage among ambulatory rheumatology patients. An important role for patient and physician education is highlighted in our study, especially because physician recommendation of vaccination was strongly predictive of vaccine uptake.
Relationship Between Fatigue and Inflammation, Disease Duration, and Chronic Pain in Psoriatic Arthritis: An Observational DANBIO Registry Study
Authors: Skougaard Marie , Jørgensen Tanja Schjødt , Rifbjerg-Madsen Signe , Coates Laura C. , Egeberg Alexander , Amris Kirstine , Dreyer Lene , Højgaard Pil , Guldberg-Møller Jørgen , Merola Joseph F. , Frederiksen Peder , Gudbergsen Henrik , Kristensen Lars Erik
Published: July 2019

Objective.

Fatigue is one of the most significant symptoms, and an outcome of great importance, in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), but associations between underlying components of fatigue experienced by patients in relation to the disease have been sparsely investigated. The objectives were to describe the degree of fatigue in patients with PsA, and to examine important components associated with fatigue.

Methods.

We performed a cross-sectional survey including patients registered in the Danish nationwide registry DANBIO from December 2013 to June 2014. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify factors associated with fatigue.

Results.

A total of 1062 patients with PsA were included in the study. A PCA reduced co-variables into 3 components explaining 63% of fatigue in patients. The first component, contributing to 31% of fatigue, was composed of inflammatory factors including swollen and tender joints, physician’s global assessment, elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), and high Pain Detect Questionnaire (PDQ) score. The second component, contributing to 17% of fatigue, consisted of increasing age and long disease duration. The third component, contributing to 15% of fatigue, consisted of high PDQ score, tender joint count, increasing age, and concomitant low CRP, suggestive of a chronic pain component consisting of central pain sensitization or structural joint damage.

Conclusion.

Fatigue in patients with PsA may be driven by clinical inflammatory factors, disease duration, and chronic pain in the absence of inflammation.