bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Granulocytosis-Promoting Extract of Mouse Tumor Tissue: Partial Purification
Authors: Delmonte L. , Liebelt R. A.
Published: October 2006

A granulocytosis-promoting extract of mouse tumor tissue was partially purified by differential precipitation with cold 20- to 30-percent ethanol at
p
H 6.5, "salting out" with 50- to 75-percent saturated ammonium sulfate, and filtration through Sephadex G-75 dextran gel. In intact mice, single doses of the extract (at least 12 micrograms per gram of body weight) induced up to a 30-fold increase in circulating granulocytes and a two- to threefold decrease in circulating mononuclear cells within 3 to 7 hours of intravenous injection.
Pulse Radiolysis of Dioxane Solutions
Authors: Baxendale J. H. , Fielden E. M. , Keene J. P.
Published: October 2006

Liquid dioxane gives transient absorptions owing to the production of free radicals and solvated electrons when subjected to a pulse of high-energy electrons (4 million electron volts) for a duration of 2 microseconds. Solutions of benzophenone give the ketyl radical and ketyl radical ions. Solutions of anthracene give anthracene in the triplet state and the anthracene anion. The formation of these species is largely prevented when hydrochloric acid is present.
Anomalous Erosional Topography in Victoria Land, Antarctica
Authors: Smith H. T. U.
Published: October 2006

An area of some 18 square kilometers at the head of Wright Dry Valley displays an erosional terrain of unique characteristics—a labyrinthine complex of erratic, interconnecting channels cut to depths of more than 100 meters in bedrock. It is interpreted as a result of catastrophic fluvial erosion, probably analogous to that which produced the Channeled Scabland of eastern Washington, though on a greatly reduced areal scale.
Ocean-Bottom Topography: The Divide between the Sohm and Hatteras Abyssal Plains
Authors: Pratt Richard M.
Published: October 2006

A compilation of precision echo soundings has delineated the complex topography between the Sohm and Hatteras abyssal plains off the Atlantic coast of the United States. At present the divide between the two plains is a broad, flat area about 4950 meters deep; however, the configuration of channels and depressions suggests spillage of turbidity currents from the Sohm Plain into the Hatteras Plain and a shifting of the divide toward the northeast. Hudson Canyon terminates in the divide area and has probably fed sediment into both plains.
Nonspecific Binding of Complement by Digestion Fragments from Antiviral Gamma Globulin
Authors: Cremer Natalie E. , Riggs John L. , Lennette Edwin H. , Jensen Florence W.
Published: October 2006

The nonspecificity of rabbit γ-globulin (antibody) to western equine encephalitis virus and the nonspecificity of normal rabbit γ-globulin in complement-fixation tests with antigens prepared from chick-embryo cells infected with this virus and normal chick-embryo cells resided primarily in Porter's fragment III. Addition of complement to fragment III from the antibody globulin, followed by inactivation of the added complement, abolished the complement-fixing ability of fragment III with both specific and nonspecific antigens. Similar treatment of the undigested antibody abolished its complement-fixing ability with nonspecific antigen only.
Medial Neurosecretory Cells as Regulators of Glycogen and Triglyceride Synthesis
Authors: Van Handel Emile , Lea Arden O.
Published: October 2006

In the female mosquito, medial neurosecretory cells restrict synthesis of glycogen from sugar and stimulate triglyceride synthesis. Removal of these cells greatly increases the storage capacity for glycogen at the expense of triglyceride storage.
Ultrasonic Scanning of Biologic Tissue by a New Technique
Authors: Thurstone F. L. , Kjosnes N. I. , McKinney W. M.
Published: October 2006

The size of the ultrasonic beam and beam dispersion severely limit resolution by two-dimensional scanning systems. Resolution and tissue penetration are improved by using a highly focused, ultrasonic transducer array in conjunction with an electronic timing system for the selection of particular echo information.
Thymine Photoproducts but not Thymine Dimers Found in Ultraviolet-Irradiated Bacterial Spores
Authors: Donnellan J. E. , Setlow R. B.
Published: October 2006

Bacillus megaterium
spores labeled with tritiated thymidine were irradiated with monochromatic ultraviolet light, and the DNA of the spores was analyzed for thymine-containing products. No thymine dimers were observed, but three other thymine photoproducts were found. The unknown products of radiation were produced in vitro by irradiation of DNA that had been dried in the presence of various salts.
Sound: An Element Common to Communication of Stingless Bees and to Dances of the Honey Bee
Authors: Esch Harald , Esch Ilse , Kerr Warwick E.
Published: October 2006

Sounds are an important part of the communication behavior, the so-called dances, of the honey bee. Stingless bees, which do not use dances for communication, use sound signals to indicate the existence and, in some cases, the distance of a feeding place. The social organization of communities of stingless bees is more primitive than that of honey bees, yet certain common features of communication behavior in these two groups lead to a new hypothesis of the evolution of dancing behavior of the honey bee.
Helium-Glow Photometer for Picomole Analysis of Alkali Metals
Authors: Vurek Gerald G. , Bowman Robert L.
Published: October 2006

The low-power electric-glow discharge in helium can excite effectively the characteristic emission lines of sodium and potassium. The helium-glow photometer used to generate the glow and measure the light is a relatively simple apparatus; it can be used to analyze samples containing 10
-14
mole or more of sodium and potassium. Overall precision of the apparatus and method is 5 percent or better.
Carbon-14 Content of 18th- and 19th-Century Wood: Variations Correlated with Sunspot Activity
Authors: Stuiver Minze
Published: October 2006

A series of carbon-14 measurements of 18th- and 19-century wood revealed an excellent correlation between the variations in carbon-14 content and average sunspot activity. It seems probable, therefore, that the predominant cause of the short-term fluctuations in carbon-14 activity is the variability of solar activity.
Roots as Organs of Assimilation of Sulfate
Authors: Pate John S.
Published: October 2006

Roots of the field pea (
Pisum arvense
L.) can reduce a small proportion of the sulfate that they absorb from the external medium. Some of this reduced sulphur is transported to the shoot as methionine and, to a lesser extent, as cysteine and glutathione.
Renin Production by Organ Cultures of Renal Cortex
Authors: Robertson Abel L. , Smeby Robert R. , Bumpus F. Merlin , Page Irvine H.
Published: October 2006

Diploid cells of the human and canine renal cortex can be isolated by newly developed techniques for organ culture. Some of these cells have abundant Bowie's positive granules. Bioassays for renin activity have shown that these granular cells can synthesize considerable amounts of renin in vitro. These investigations provide a model for studying the production of renin at cellular level.
Response of the Pupil to Steady-State Retinal Illumination: Contribution by Cones
Authors: ten Doesschate Jurriaan , Alpern Mathew
Published: October 2006

Response of the pupil to steady-state retinal illumination was measured in an observer who lacked functioning rods. At high intensities, this response was as great as that of a normal eye. These results cannot be explained by the hypothesis that only rods are receptors for the steady-state response.
Is Pump Stimulation Associated with Positive Inotropy of the Heart?
Authors: Michael Lloyd , Pitts Barry J. R. , Schwartz Arnold
Published: October 2006

A purified sodium and potassium dependent adenosinetriphosphatase isolated from cat heart was not stimulated by any concentration of ouabain that produced positive inotropy of cat papillary muscle. Only inhibition of enzyme activity was observed. Concentrations of ouabain used ranged from 3.3 × 10
-10
molar to 5 × 10
-7
molar and produced an increased force of contraction without any evidence of toxicity. The results are inconsistent with a concept that stimulation of sodium pump activity is associated with positive inotropy.
Permeability of a Nuclear Membrane: Changes during Normal Development and Changes Induced by Growth Hormone
Authors: Ito S. , Loewenstein W. R.
Published: October 2006

The ion permeability of the nuclear membrane envelope of salivary gland cells (of the midge
Chironomus thummi
) undergoes changes during development. Following the early fourth instar stage, permeability falls to about one-fifth of its base value over a period of 3 to 5 days of development of the animal, and then rises again over the next 2 to 4 days. The falling phase of the change can be reproduced within 1 hour by injections of the growth hormone ecdyson.
Lateral Hypothalamus: Learning of Food-Seeking Response Motivated by Electrical Stimulation
Authors: Coons Edgar E. , Levak Milena , Miller Neal E.
Published: October 2006

Stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus, which induces eating, resembles hunger in that it motivates rats to learn, for food reward, a response of pressing a bar. The response is discriminatively confined to only a bar that delivers food on either a 100-percent or a partial schedule of reinforcement. This discriminative responding can be transferred to hunger that is normally induced by deprivation of food.
Communication between Dolphins in Separate Tanks by Way of an Electronic Acoustic Link
Authors: Lang T. G. , Smith H. A. P.
Published: October 2006

Two isolated dolphins (
Tursiops truncatus
) were provided with an electronic acoustic link during alternate periods of approximately 2 minutes. The dolphins repeatedly communicated in a tight sequence when the acoustic link was connected. Their responses varied as the experiment progressed. Some information regarding possible meaning of the whistles was obtained.
Thymine Addition to Ethanol: Induction by Gamma Irradiation
Authors: Brown P. E. , Calvin M. , Newmark J. F.
Published: October 2006

When thymine in dilute, deaerated, aqueous solution was irradiated with γ-rays in the presence of ethanol, a high yield of products containing both the thymine and ethanol moieties was obtained. These were shown to be isomers formed by the attack of CH
3
CHOH radicals at the carbon No. 6 position of thymine. A similar reaction was observed with
N,N'
-dimethylthymine, but
O,O'
-dimethylthymine did not react. The reaction may be relevant to the resistance of certain cells to ionizing radiation.
Salt Rejection by a Porous Glass
Authors: Kraus K. A. , Marcinkowsky A. E. , Johnson J. S. , Shor A. J.
Published: October 2006

Porous glass partly filters dissolved salt from aqueous solutions passed through it under pressure. Rejection of salt can be increased by increase in the
p
H of the solution or by addition of Th(IV). The filtration seems to accord with a mechanism of salt exclusion characteristic of ion exchangers.
Residues of DDT in Brains and Bodies of Birds That Died on Dosage and in Survivors
Authors: Stickel Lucille F. , Stickel William H. , Christensen R.
Published: October 2006

Residues of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(
p
-chlorophenyl)-ethane (DDT) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(
p
-chlorophenyl)-ethane (DDD) in brains of cowbirds (
Molothrus ater
) killed by dietary dosage of DDT were similar in birds that died after various lengths of time on dosage and in birds that died of delayed effects after as much as 40 days on clean food. Residues of DDT and DDD, but not of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis-(
p
-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (DDE), were much lower in survivors 112 days after dosage. The relative importance of DDT and DDD in brains could not be determined, but DDE appeared not to be critical. Residues in brains of cowbirds were similar to those reported for robins, sparrows, eagles, and white rats. Residues in livers and carcass remainders (with the possible exception of DDD in the liver) appeared unsuitable for diagnosing the cause of death.
Response during Sleep with Intervening Waking Amnesia
Authors: Evans Frederick J. , Gustafson Lawrence A. , O'Connell Donald N. , Orne Martin T. , Shor Ronald E.
Published: October 2006

During stage 1 sleep, subjects responded to suggestions on two or more nights, up to 5 months apart. While they were awake they did not recall the material to which they successfully responded while asleep on a subsequent night.
Urease Activity in Blue-Green Algae
Authors: Berns Donald S. , Holohan Peter , Scott Edith
Published: October 2006

The apparent enzymatic hydrolysis of urea has been detected in whole blue-green algae and in cell extracts. Urease is present as an intracellular component in cultures in which no bacterial contaminants are found. The activity in the cells was recovered from the extracts.
Methyl Radicals: Preparation and Stabilization
Authors: Turkevich J. , Fujita Y.
Published: October 2006

Methyl radicals were prepared by photolysis of methyl iodide in porous glass and were stabilized for days at room temperature. Their reactivity was investigated.
Serum High-Density Lipoprotein: Effect of Change in Structure on Activity of Chicken Adipose Tissue Lipase
Authors: Scanu A.
Published: October 2006

The high-density (1.063 to 1.21 g/ml) lipoprotein in human serum was analyzed as activator for a lipoprotein lipase isolated from chicken adipose tissue. The activating capacity was lost when the lipoprotein was extracted with a mixture of ethanol and ethyl ether (3:2 by volume) at —10°C and it was restored upon incubation of the extracted protein with aqueous sols of either whole phospholipids or the lecithin fraction prepared from the high-density lipoprotein. Since phospholipid sols alone proved ineffective as substrate activators, the complex which forms upon incubation of the extracted lipoprotein with phospholipids appears to be a necessary requirement for lipoprotein lipase activity.
Occurrence of Isoprenoid Fatty Acids in the Green River Shale
Authors: Eglinton Geoffrey , Douglas A. G. , Maxwell James R. , Ramsay J. N. , Ställberg-Stenhagen S.
Published: October 2006

The most abundant free fatty acids present in a sample of shale from the Green River Formation (Eocene, about 60 × 10
6
years) from Sulfur Creek are the acylic C
19
and C
20
isoprenoid acids. The dominance of these acids parallels the abundance of the corresponding hydrocarbons pristane and phytane.
Chloroplast DNA from Tobacco Leaves
Authors: Tewari K. K. , Wildman S. G.
Published: October 2006

DNA from tobacco leaf chloroplasts was isolated as a single component with a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.702 compared to 1.697 for nuclear DNA. 5-Methylcytosine is present in nuclear DNA but absent in chloroplast DNA. Chloroplast DNA, with a guanine-cytosine content of 43 percent, has a melting temperature of 86°C and renatures completely on slow cooling, whereas nuclear DNA ( melting temperature, 84°C; guanine-cytosine content, 40 percent) does not renature. About 9 percent of the total DNA in tobacco leaves is chloroplast DNA representing about 4.7 × 10
-15
gram of DNA per chloroplast with a molecular weight of approximately 4 × 10
7
.
Biodegradation of the Gamma Isomer of Benzene Hexachloride in Submerged Soils
Authors: Raghu K. , MacRae I. C.
Published: October 2006

Determination of the residual gamma isomer of benzene hexachloride (γ-BHC) by gas chromatography showed that the insecticide persisted longer in sterilized flooded soils than in nonsterilized flooded soils. A second addition of γ-BHC to one of the nonsterilized soils. (55 days after the first application) disappeared more rapidly than the first addition. These results strongly indicate biodegradation of γ-BHC in flooded soils.
Nonphosphorylating Respiration of Mitochondria from Brown Adipose Tissue of Rats
Authors: Smith Robert E. , Roberts Jane C. , Hittelman Karl J.
Published: October 2006

Mitochondria from brown adipose tissue of cold-acclimated rats (6°C) oxidize α-ketoglutarate at a rate twice that of controls (26°C). In both groups, however, the phosphorus: oxygen ratio with α-ketoglutarate never exceeded unity, and it is essentially zero with either succinate or α-glycerophosphate. Adenosine triphosphatase activity of these mitochondria is very low and it is not stimulated by 2,4-dinitrophenol. In addition, both respiration and phosphorylation are unaffected by adenosine diphosphate, 2,4-dinitrophenol, bovine serum albumin, or glutathione. Endogenous respiration of tissue slices is not stimulated by 2-4-dinitrophenol. It is suggested that brown fat mitochondria are not capable of oxidative phosphorylation, but do phosphorylate at the substrate level. Since these findings provide an unusual example of electron transport by means of an energetically nonconservative pathway, their significance to thermogenesis by brown adipose tissue is particularly emphasized.
Neurosecretory Cell: Capable of Conducting Impulse in Rats
Authors: Yagi Kinji , Azuma Takehiko , Matsuda Kojiro
Published: October 2006

Electric stimulation of the rat neurohypophysis in situ evoked the unit action potentials in the supraoptic nucleus. Compound and unit action potentials were recorded from the isolated neurohypophysis after electric stimulation. The application of solutions high in potassium or devoid of sodium made the neurohypophysis inexcitable. Mammalian neurosecretory cells have the neuronal properties of generation and conduction of action potentials.
Thermal Properties of Water: Discontinuities Questioned
Authors: Falk Michael , Kell G. S.
Published: October 2006

Reports of discontinuities have been tabulated, and those dealing with vibrational spectrum and volume have been examined in detail. No evidence has been found of any discontinuity greater than experimental error.
Co-linearity of β-Galactosidase with Its Gene by Immunological Detection of Incomplete Polypeptide Chains
Authors: Fowler Audree V. , Zabin Irving
Published: October 2006

Many nonsense mutants that map in the β-galactosidase structural gene produce material that forms precipitin lines when tested by double diffusion on agar against antiserum prepared from native β-galactosidase. Relative sizes of the cross-reacting materials measured by sucrose density gradient centrifugation are the same as sizes calculated from genetic mapping of nonsense mutants. Orientation of the protein to its gene is also indicated.
Quantitative Immunochemistry and the Evolution of Primate Albumins: Micro-Complement Fixation
Authors: Sarich Vincent M. , Wilson Allan C.
Published: October 2006

Quantitative micro-complement fixation was used to compare human serum albumin with the serum albumins of apes, monkeys, and prosimians. The results are consistent with those obtained by other immunological techniques, and they are consistent with the accepted phylogenetic position of these groups. The method requires much less antigen and antibody is more sensitive to small differences in albumin structure. A large scale survey of species differences in protein structure is possible with less than a milliliter of antiserum.
Pressure-Induced Phase of Sulfur-Selenium
Authors: Geller S. , Lind M. D.
Published: October 2006

Crystals of a fibrous phase of sulfur-selenium obtained at 20 kilobars and 280°C are trigonal, the most probable space groups being
P
3
1
and
P
3
2,
with
a
= 7.85,
c
= 4.62 ± 0.01 Å. The unit cell contains nine atoms, and the measured density of 3.20 g/cm
3
implies five sulfur and four Se atoms. The structure contains mixed atom helices of 1.54 Å pitch and 0.91 Å average radius.
Phosphate Uptake in an Obligately Marine Fungus: A Specific Requirement for Sodium
Authors: Siegenthaler Paul André , Belsky Melvin M. , Goldstein Solomon
Published: October 2006

Phosphate uptake in the obligately marine fungus
Thraustochytrium roseum
is maximally stimulated by sodium chloride in a range of concentrations (0.2 to 0.4 molar) similar to those commonly encountered in littoral habitats. The effectiveness of sodium chloride for phosphate transport extends beyond its osmotic function and can be attributed specifically to sodium. Increases in respiration in the presence of the salt can be ascribed primarily to an osmotic effect.
Detergents in Membrane Filters
Authors: Cahn Robert D.
Published: October 2006

Membrane filters from several manufacturers contain detergents. Cells cultured in media filtered through washed filters had higher plating efficiencies and a higher percentage of differentiation than cells cultured in media filtered through unwashed filters.
Averaged Neural Electrical Activity and Arousal
Authors: Podvoll Edward M. , Goodman Stanley J.
Published: October 2006

Multiple-unit activity from many brain sites of the unrestrained cat was recorded by means of an averaging technique during all phases of sleep and waking. All thalamic and medial reticular sites showed activity levels closely correlated with the animal's observed behavior even under conditions when the electroencephalogram appeared dissociated from behavior.
Glucans of Oomycete Cell Walls
Authors: Aronson Jerome M. , Cooper Barbara A. , Fuller Melvin S.
Published: October 2006

The cell walls of selected oomycetous fungi are composed primarily of glucans, and cellulose constitutes a relatively small proportion of the total glucan. The noncellulosic constituents consist of acid-soluble glucan or glucans and insoluble glucan or glucans. These noncellulosic glucan fractions contain β-(1→3) glucosidic linkages and apparently β-(1→6) linkages also.
Disruption of Hibernation Caused by Hypothalamic Lesions
Authors: Satinoff Evelyn
Published: October 2006

Lesions were made in the preoptic-anterior hypothalamic area or ventromedial nucleus of ground squirrels (
Citellus tridecemlineatus
). Four squirrels, two with preoptic damage and two obese hyperphagics, entered hibernation within 1 to 3 days. They all died after 11 to 12 days, shortly after all normal hibernating squirrels had awakened. Seven squirrels with preoptic damage, rendered hypothermic before being placed in the cold, died within 2 to 6 days.
Brain Monoamine Oxidase in Mice after Exposure to Aggression and Defeat
Authors: Eleftheriou Basil E. , Boehlke Kenneth W.
Published: October 2006

Effects on the monoamine oxidase activity of the hypothalamus, amygdala, and frontal cortex of untrained mice exposed to repeated defeat by trained fighters for two 5-minute periods a day for 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 14, or 20 days were studied. Activity in the hypothalamus increased significantly during the first 2 days of fighting, while the activity in the amygdala and frontal cortex remained essentially unchanged. After 8 days, activity in all three brain areas declined. After 14 days of fighting the monoamine oxidase activity returned to normal, but another decrease was observed in the three areas after 20 days of fighting.
Bering Land Bridge: Evidence of Spruce in Late-Wisconsin Times
Authors: Colinvaux Paul A.
Published: October 2006

A 14-meter core from a crater lake on Saint Paul Island in the Pribilofs has been examined by pollen analysis. Radiocarbon dating indicates that the core spans more than 10,000 years and probably more than 18,000 years. A spruce-pollen maximum about 10,000 years ago suggests that spruce advanced to the flanks of the southern coast of the Bering land bridge toward the close of the land-bridge period. The forests of Alaska and Siberia did not merge, however, and the environment of the southern coast of the land bridge remained cold.
Lactic Dehydrogenase and Metabolism of Human Leukocytes in vitro
Authors: Bloom Arthur D. , Tsuchioka Masanori
Published: October 2006

During transformation and division of lymphocytes in culture, the lactic dehydrogenase isozymes migrate increasingly toward the cathode. With extension of the time in culture, the mitotic index declines, and the isozyme pattern reverts to dominance of those bands that move toward the anode, despite the cellular tendency to anaerobic metabolism. These findings suggest that synthesis of the more slowly migrating lactic dehydrogenase isozymes in this system is related to mitotic activity, and not to the aerobic or anaerobic conditions of cell culture.
Intrauterine Devices: Effects on Ultrastructure of Human Endometrium
Authors: Wynn Ralph M.
Published: October 2006

The human endometrium, studied with the electron microscope, undergoes asynchronous and premature cyclic development in response to intrauterine contraceptive devices. Typical nucleolar channel systems and other cellular characteristics of the normal secretory phase appear before ovulation, and decidualization occurs several days prematurely. Disturbance of the synchrony of ovular and endometrial development may be a mechanism of contraceptive action of these devices.
Nerve Regeneration: Correlation of Electrical, Histological, and Behavioral Events
Authors: Jacklet Jon W. , Cohen Melvin J.
Published: October 2006

Within 5 days after the leg nerves of a cockroach are injured, miniature end-plate potentials have disappeared, and the muscle is unresponsive to electrical stimulation. The soma of the injured neuron has a dense perinuclear ring of RNA. By 40 days after the injury, locomotor activity has returned, and the miniature end-plate potentials and evoked electrical responses have reappeared in the muscle. The RNA ring has disappeared, and the nucleus of the regenerating neuron has shifted to an eccentric position.
Interferometer Experiment with Independent Local Oscillators
Authors: Bare C. , Clark B. G. , Kellermann K. I. , Cohen M. H. , Jauncey D. L.
Published: October 2006

We have operated an interferometer with independent local oscillators and without any communication link of wide bandwidth between the elements of the interferometer. This makes operation possible at very long base lines because, heretofore, construction of the communications link has been the factor limiting the separation of the elements. In our system, coherence at the two elements is maintained through the use of two highly stable, atomic oscillators. The intermediate-frequency output signals are recorded at each element on a high-speed digital tape recorder. Interference fringes are produced later by cross-correlating the two tape records in a digital computer.
Herpes-Type Virus and Chromosome Marker in Normal Leukocytes after Growth with Irradiated Burkitt Cells
Authors: Henle Werner , Diehl Volker , Kohn Gertrude , zur Hausen Harald , Henle Gertrude
Published: October 2006

Cultured cells derived from male patients with Burkitt's lymphoma and harboring herpes-type virus particles were lethally irradiated. These irradiated cells induced normal peripheral leukocytes of female infants to grow within 2 to 4 weeks after mixed cultivation. Cells of a line free of this agent failed to stimulate growth. If either type of cell was cultured separately, it did not survive under the experimental conditions. Herpes-type viral antigen and C-group chromosomal marker previously described in cultured Burkitt cells were found in all of the female cell cultures that were obtained.
Viral Inhibition of Lymphocyte Response to Phytohemagglutinin
Authors: Montgomery J. R. , South M. A. , Rawls W. E. , Melnick J. L. , Olson G. B. , Dent P. B. , Good R. A.
Published: October 2006

The response to phytohemagglutinin by lymphocytes from eight of fourteen patients with congenital rubella was inhibited, whereas that of lymphocytes from patients with other diseases was not. The response of normal lymphocytes infected in vitro was also inhibited. The results suggest that early association of lymphocytes with virus inhibits the function of the cell and contributes to persistent carrying of virus in congenital rubella. This phenomenon may be a means of detecting viruses not now recognizable by routine methods of tissue culture.
Circadian Clock in Photoperiodic Time Measurement: A Test of the Bünning Hypothesis
Authors: Menaker Michael , Eskin Arnold
Published: October 2006

A technique has been developed for effectively separating the direct inductive effect of a light signal from its effect on the phase of the rhythm of sensitivity to photoperiodic induction. With this technique it has been shown that a 75-minute pulse of light per day, when appropriately positioned with respect to the circadian activity cycle of the sparrow
Passer domesticus
, is sufficient to produce a response normally produced only by long days. The results cannot be interpreted in terms of a requirement of an absolute amount of either darkness or light and offer strong confirmation of Bünning's hypothesis concerning the mechanism of photoperiodic time measurement.
Electron Spin Resonance of Gamma-Irradiated Oriented DNA Prepared by Wet Spinning
Authors: Ehrenberg A. , Rupprecht A. , Ström G.
Published: October 2006

When moist, oriented DNA is gamma-irradiated and its electron spin resonance spectrum is recorded at 77°K, an unresolved spectrum is obtained, the amplitude of which is strongly dependent on the angle between the direction of the DNA helices and the field. Annealing at 199°K gives an eight-line thymine-like spectrum which also has a marked angular dependence. For dry, oriented DNA, the unresolved spectrum dominates even at room temperature, and the spectra exhibit lower degrees of anisotropy.
5-Oxo-5
H
-benzo[
e
]isochromeno-[4,3-
b
]indole, a New Type of Highly Sarcomagenic Lactone
Authors: Lacassagne A. , Buu-Hoi N. P. , Zajdela F. , Jacquigmon P. , Mangane M.
Published: October 2006

The title compound, which belongs to a new synthetic group of polycyclic lactones derived from isocoumarin, exhibits a remarkably high degree of carcinogenicity
in situ
when injected in mice. Cancer-inducing activity has also been found in similar isocoumarins, a family known to include many naturally occurring substances.
Atmosphere and Ionosphere of Venus from the Mariner V S-Band Radio Occultation Measurement
Authors: Kliore Arvydas , Levy Gerald S. , Cain Dan L. , Fjeldbo Gunnar , Rasool S. I.
Published: October 2006

Measurements of the frequency, phase, and amplitude of the S-band radio signal of Mariner V as it passed behind Venus were used to obtain the effects of refraction in its atmosphere and ionosphere. Profiles of refractivity, temperature, pressure, and density in the neutral atmosphere, as well as electron density in the daytime ionosphere, are presented. A constant scale height was observed above the tropopause, and the temperature increased with an approximately linear lapse rate below the tropopause to the level at which signal was lost, presumably because heavy defocusing attenuation occurred as critical refraction was approached. An ionosphere having at least two maxima was observed at only 85 kilometers above the tropopause.
Crystal and Molecular Structure of Adenosine 3′,5′-Cyclic Phosphate
Authors: Watenpaugh Keith , Dow Jean , Jensen L. H. , Furberg Sven
Published: October 2006

The structure of adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic phosphate has been determined by single-crystal x-ray diffraction. The two molecules in the asymmetric unit show different conformation about the glycosidic bond, while other structural details are essentially the same. The furanose rings are puckered with the C(4′) atom out of the best four-atom plane. The bond lengths and angles appear to be normal.
Hydra viridis
: Inhibition by the Basal Disk of Basal Disk Differentiation
Authors: MacWilliams H. K. , Kafatos F. C.
Published: October 2006

When the basal disk of
Hydra viridis
is excised, a new disk is regenerated. A basal disk grafted on an animal regenerating its own disk can suppress this regeneration. The effect is reversed if the grafted basal disk is subsequently excised. For inhibition to occur, the grafted disk must be present for at least 3 hours, beginning no later than 2 hours after amputation. The results indicate that the basal disk participates in the control of its own differentiation.
Protein Synthesis: Differential Stimulation of Cell-Specific Proteins in Epithelial Cells of Chick Oviduct
Authors: Kohler Peter O. , Grimley Philip M. , O'Malley Bert W.
Published: October 2006

Immunofluorescent and radioautographic studies demonstrate that ovalbumin and avidin are cell-specific proteins synthesized by different epithelial cells in the chick oviduct mucosa. The mechanism of the selective induction of ovalbumin synthesis by estrogen and of avidin synthesis by progesterone may be through stimulation of specific target cells by these hormones.
Immunoglobulin M: Local Synthesis and Selective Secretion in Patients with Immunoglobulin A Deficiency
Authors: Brandtzaeg P. , Fjellanger I. , Gjeruldsen S. T.
Published: October 2006

Local synthesis seems to be decisive for the selective secretion of 19
S
immunoglobulin M into parotid secretions. The "transport piece" is apparently not involved in the secretion of immunoglobulin M, for there is no association between the two components. The possible significance of the normal association of transport piece with secreted immunoglobulin A remains to be clarified.
Oxygen Minimum Layer: Vertical Distribution and Respiration of the Mysid
Gnathophausia ingens
Authors: Childress James J.
Published: October 2006

The large mysid crustacean
Gnathophausia ingens
(between 35 and 125 millimeters long) lives at oxygen concentrations between 1.25 and 0.20 milliliter per liter along the coast of California. It lives aerobically at these low oxygen concentrations by regulating its rate of oxygen consumption in water having down to and below 0.26 milliliter of oxygen per liter.
Potassium Hydrogen Malonate: Remarkable Crystal and Molecular Structure
Authors: Parthasarathy R.
Published: October 2006

X-ray crystallographic investigations of potassium hydrogen malonate crystals reveal a very unusual structure in which malonic acid molecules and doubly ionized malonate ions exist in equal numbers. These two species are connected by strong hydrogen bonds in one direction and by potassium ions in the other directions. This seems to be the first observation of the simultaneous presence in a crystal of the two species dicarboxylic acid molecules and their doubly charged ions.
Pressure-Induced Te
7
S
10
: A Cocrystallization of Sulfur and Tellurium Helices
Authors: Geller S.
Published: October 2006

The first and only known phase in the tellurium-sulfur system has been obtained at high pressures. Evidence is presented to support the hypothesis that this phase consists of a cocrystallization of sulfur and tellurium helices in 1 : 1 ratio.
Nonrandomness of Translocations in Man: Preferential Entry of Chromosomes into 13-15/21 Translocations
Authors: Hecht Frederick , Case Milton P. , Lovrien Everett W. , Higgins James V. , Thuline Horace C. , Melnyk John
Published: October 2006

Lymphocytes from 20 individuals with Down's syndrome due to 13-15/21 centric-fusion translocations were studied by autoradiography after continuous late labeling with tritiated thymidine. In no case was chromosome 13 involved; chromosome 14 was involved in 18 cases, and chromosome 15 in two cases. These results are similar to those from 13 previously studied cases and indicate that the entry of chromosomes 13-15 into translocations is nonrandom. This nonrandomness is not a simple function of chromosome size or shape, since chromosomes 13-15 are acrocentrics of similar size.
Metabolism of 3′,4′-Dichloropropionanilide: 3,4-Dichloroaniline-Lignin Complex in Rice Plants
Authors: Yih Roy Y. , McRae D. Harold , Wilson Harold F.
Published: October 2006

Rice plants (
Oryza sativa
L. var. Bluebonnet 50) metabolize the herbicide 3′,4′-dichloropropionanilide to 3,4-dichloroaniline, which in turn conjugates with carbohydrates. Soluble aniline-carbohydrate complexes account for only a small fraction of the hydrolyzed 3′,4′-dichloropropionanilide. The major portion of the 3,4-dichloroaniline moiety is found complexed with polymeric cell constituents, mainly lignin. The aniline is lignin-bound as 3,4-dichloroaniline and not as 3′,4′-dichloropropionanilide.
Reversible Cryogenic Blockade Brain of Unrestrained Animals of Neural Function in the
Authors: Skinner James E. , Lindsley Donald B.
Published: October 2006

Reversible cryogenic blockade of neural systems in the brain may be accomplished by local cooling. A small cryoprobe is described which may be implanted in the brain of an unrestrained, behaving animal. Cooling may be restricted to the tip of the cryoprobe and the temperature of the tip and the shaft may be regulated and monitored independently by miniature thermocouples and appropriate control and indicator devices. Electrophysiological results are presented which show that the cryogenic blocking effect may be localized to within a few millimeters of the tip of the cryoprobe and that the size of the region blocked is proportional to the tip temperature. The system described has been shown to be effective in both electrophysiological and behavioral studies.
Excited Singlet Absorption in 1,2-Benzanthracene by the Use of Nanosecond Laser Photolysis and Spectroscopy
Authors: Novak J. R. , Windsor M. W.
Published: October 2006

Using the technique of laser photolysis and spectroscopy, we have observed excited singlet state absorption bands in 1,2-benzanthracene at 560 and 520 nanometers. The bands decay in less than 50 nanoseconds and are replaced by the known absorption spectrum of the lowest triplet state.
Partial Resolution of DL-Adenosine by Template Synthesis
Authors: Schneider-Bernloehr H. , Lohrmann R. , Orgel L. E. , Sulston J. , Weimann B. J.
Published: October 2006

D-Adenosine-5′-phosphorimidazolide reacts very much more rapidly with D-adenosine than with L-adenosine on a poly-D-uridylic acid template. This permits the partial resolution of DL-adenosine. These experiments suggest that segregation of D- and L-nucleotides may have occurred at an early stage in biochemical evolution.
Dictyostelium discoideum
: A Gamma-Ray Resistant Organism
Authors: Deering R. A.
Published: October 2006

The vegetative cells of the slime mold
Dictyostelium discoideum
are extremely resistant to cobalt-60 gamma rays. The survival curve has a shoulder at low doses and a 10 percent survival dose of 300 kilorads in air. Dose fractionation experiments indicate that repair of sublethal damage is an important factor in this resistance.
Warfarin Treatment of Mice Bearing Autochthonous Tumors: Effect on Spontaneous Metastases
Authors: Ryan James J. , Ketcham Alfred S. , Wexler Hilda
Published: October 2006

Long-term oral administration of sodium warfarin significantly reduced the incidence of spontaneous metastases in the lungs from 83 percent in controls to 8 percent in treated C57/BL/6N mice. The size and weight of primary tumors in mice treated with warfarin were less than in control mice. Length of survival was unaffected.
East Pacific Rise Crest: A Near-Bottom Geophysical Profile
Authors: Larson Roger L. , Spiess Fred N.
Published: October 2006

A deep-towed magnetometer profile made across the East Pacific Rise crest shows many anomalies with about 1000-gamma amplitudes and 500-meter wavelengths and has larger amplitude changes corresponding to magnetic field reversals. This profile across contacts between normal and reversely magnetized crustal blocks is interpreted to place an upper limit of 4700 years on the time required for field reversals and an upper limit of 280 meters on the width of the intrusion center at the rise crest. This intrusion center may occasionally shift several kilometers laterally with respect to the rise axis. The magnetometer records are compatible with the hypothesis that the magnetic field has undergone many fluctuations of short period and small intensity in the past 2 million years. Sediment accumulation increases from less than 2 meters at the rise crest axis to about 20 meters at the western end and 10 meters at the eastern end of the profile. This increase in accumulation appears to be the result of ocean-floor spreading.
Florida Submergence Curve Revised: Its Relation to Coastal Sedimentation Rates
Authors: Scholl David W. , Craighead Frank C. , Stuiver Minze
Published: October 2006

New data substantiate as well as modify the south Florida submergence curve, which indicates that eustatic sea level has risen continuously, although at a generally decreasing rate, during the last 6500 to 7000 sidereal years (5500 standard radiocarbon years) to reach its present position. Accumulation rates of coastal deposits are similar to the rate of sea-level rise, thus supporting the generalization that submergence rates largely determine as well as limit rates of coastal sedimentation in lagoonal and estuarine areas.
Antigenic Streptococcal Components in Acute Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Treser Gerhard , Semar Martin , McVicar Melinda , Franklin Maxine , Ty Antonia , Sagel Inge , Lange Kurt
Published: October 2006

Fluorescein-labeled immunoglobulin G fractions from serums of patients with acute glomerulonephritis and from many normal serums stained the glomerular basement membrane and mesangium of renal tissue from patients with early acute glomerulonephritis; these serums did not stain the corresponding tissues from patients with any other kidney disease. Previous absorption of the serum fraction with frozen and thawed nephritogenic beta hemolytic streptococci abolished all staining. Other bacteria studied did not abolish the staining. Only the plasma membrane of the streptococcus absorbed the immunoglobulin G fraction; such absorption eliminated staining. Fluorescein-labeled antiserums against streptococcal plasma membrane had staining properties similar to patients' serums.
Uracil Photoproducts from Uracil Irradiated in Ice
Authors: Khattak M. N. , Wang S. Y.
Published: October 2006

Two new products were isolated from uracil irradiated with ultraviolet light in frozen aqueous solution. As judged by mass, nuclear magnetic resonance, and ultraviolet and infrared spectra, one is a photopolymer, U
3
, and the structure of the other is probably 6-4′-[pyrimidin-2′-one]-uracil. Formations of these products between pyrimidine bases are apparently common photoreactions, and may be important to the study of the photochemistry and photobiology of nucleic acids.
Cell Death during Early Morphogenesis: Parallels between Insect Limb and Vertebrate Limb Development
Authors: Whitten Joan M.
Published: October 2006

The complex jointed leg of the adult fly is derived, in the pupal stage, from a simple lobed sac of cells. The gross morphological changes that result in adult shape are effected by a combination of differential cell growth and the programmed death of a large number of imaginal disc cells. Events are closely similar to those occurring in digit formation and limb contouring during vertebrate morphogenesis. In both cases phagocytic blood cells are intimately involved.
Cyclic AMP and Cyclic GMP May Mediate Opposite Neuronal Responses in the Rat Cerebral Cortex
Authors: Stone T. W. , Taylor D. A. , Bloom F. E.
Published: October 2006

Electrophysiologically identified pyramidal tract neurons in the rat cerebral cortex were tested with norepinephrine, acetylcholine, adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cyclic AMP), and guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) applied by microiontophoresis. The neurons were usually inhibited by norepinephrine and cyclic AMP, but excited by acetylcholine and cyclic GMP. These opposing responses of pyramidal tract neurons to cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP suggests that these two nucleotides could function as reciprocal intracellular second messengers for norepinephrine and acetylcholine, respectively.
Phosphorylation of Lymphocyte Nuclear Acidic Proteins: Regulation by Cyclic Nucleotides
Authors: Johnson Edward M. , Hadden John W.
Published: October 2006

Guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) and cholinergic agents stimulate incorporation of phosphate into specific nuclear acidic proteins of horse peripheral blood lymphocytes. Agents that raise intracellular adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) inhibit nuclear acidic protein phosphorylation. The opposing effects of cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP upon nuclear protein phosphorylation parallel the effects of the cyclic nucleotides upon induction of lymphocyte proliferation.
Phase Separation in Pyrex Glass
Authors: Doremus R. H. , Turkalo A. M.
Published: October 2006

The contrast between phases in pyrex glass was heightened for viewing in the electron microscope by exchanging silver ions for sodium ions in the glass. The scale of phase separation in pyrex was found to be about 30 angstroms; sample of commercial soda-lime glass, prepared in the same way, showed no phase separation.
Neoplastic Transformation in vitro of Hamster Lens Epithelium by Simian Virus 40
Authors: Albert Daniel M. , Rabson Alan S. , Grimes Patricia A. , von Sallmann Ludwig
Published: October 2006

Hamster lens epithelium infected with simian virus 40 underwent transformation in vitro and produced tumors when injected into homologous hosts. Undisturbed lens epithelium in man and experimental animals has not been observed to undergo neoplastic change. The virus-induced tumors contained undifferentiated cells that were either polygonal or spindle-shaped. Their origin from lens epithelium seems certain since it is possible to isolate this unique structure free of connective tissue and blood vessels.
Monomeric Cobalt-Oxygen Complexes
Authors: Crumbliss Alvin L. , Basolo Fred
Published: October 2006

Some Schiff base complexes of cobalt(II) form stable cobalt-oxygen species in solution instead of the usual cobalt-oxygen-cobalt bridged complexes. These one-to-one adducts were isolated as crystalline solids and characterized by means of elemental analysis, magnetic properties, and molecular weight determinations.
Glomerular Sialoprotein
Authors: Mohos Steven C. , Skoza Lorant
Published: October 2006

The high content of sialic acid in the glomerulus is associated with the cell membrane of epithelial cells lining the basement membrane. Whereas enzyme studies indicate that sialic acid is a determinant of the nephritogenic antigen, the physicochemical properties of this nephritogenic glycoprotein suggest that sialic acid may have an important role in the filtration mechanism.
Mars: Water Vapor in Its Atmosphere
Authors: Owen Tobias , Mason Harold P.
Published: October 2006

With the use of newly obtained spectrograms of Mars in the region of the water vapor band at 8200 angstroms, we have derived a value of 35 ± 15 microns for the amount of precipitable water in a vertical column in the Martian atmosphere.
Progressive Encephalopathy and Myopathy in Transgenic Mice Expressing Human Foamy Virus Genes
Authors: Bothe Katrin , Aguzzi Adriano , Lassmann Hans , Rethwilm Axel , Horak Ivan
Published: October 2006

Transgenic mice carrying the
bel
region of human foamy retrovirus (HFV) under transcriptional control of its own long terminal repeat expressed the transgene in their central nervous systems and in smooth and striated muscle tissues. The animals developed a progressive degenerative disease of the central nervous system and of the striated muscle. Because expression of the transgene was closely correlated with the appearance of structural damage and inflammatory reactions were scanty, the disease is likely to be caused directly by the HFV proteins. These unexpected findings call for a reevaluation of the pathogenic potential of HFV in humans.
Variable Effects of Phosphorylation of Pit-1 Dictated by the DNA Response Elements
Authors: Kapiloff Michael S. , Farkash Yigal , Wegner Michael , Rosenfeld Michael G.
Published: October 2006

Pit-1, a tissue-specific POU domain transcription factor, is required for the activation of the prolactin, growth hormone, and Pit-1 promoters that confer regulation by epidermal growth factor, adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP), and phorbol esters. Pit-1 is phosphorylated in pituitary cells at two distinct sites in response to phorbol esters and cAMP. Phosphorylation of Pit-1 modifies its conformation on DNA recognition elements and results in increased binding at certain sites and decreased binding at other sites, dependent on DNA sequences adjacent to the core Pit-1 binding motif. One residue (Thr
220
), located in the POU homeodomain within a sequence conserved throughout the POU-domain family, confers these responses.