bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SWAMP: A new experiment for simulating permafrost warming and active layer deepening on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Bai Yuxuan , Peng Yunfeng , Zhou Wei , Xie Yuhong , Li Qinlu , Yang Guibiao , Chen Leiyi , Zhu Biao , Yang Yuanhe
Published: May 2023

Our knowledge on the responses of permafrost ecosystems to climate warming is critical for assessing the direction and magnitude of permafrost carbon‐climate feedback. However, most of the previous experiments have only been able to warm the air and surface soil, with limited effects on the permafrost temperature. Consequently, it remains challenging to realistically simulate permafrost thawing in terms of increased active layer (a layer freezing and thawing seasonally above permafrost) thickness under climate warming scenarios.

Here, we presented the experimental design and warming performance of a novel experiment, Simulate Warming at Mountain Permafrost (SWAMP), the first one to successfully simulate permafrost warming and the subsequent active layer deepening in a swamp meadow situated on the Tibetan Plateau. Infrared heating was employed as above‐ground warming to elevate the temperature of the air and surface soil, and heating rods were inserted vertically in the soil to provide below‐ground warming for transmitting heat to the deep active layer and even to permafrost deposits.

In 3 m diameter warmed circular plots, the air and the entire soil profile (from surface soil to 120 cm) was effectively heated, with an increase of approximately 2°C in the upper 60 cm, which progressively weakened with soil depth. Warming increased soil moisture across the growing season by inducing an earlier thawing of the soil. Values varied from 1.8 ± 1.8 to 12.3 ± 2.3% according to the soil depth. Moreover, during the growing season, the warmed plots had greater thaw depths and a deeper active layer thickness of 12.6 ± 0.8 cm. In addition, soil thawing duration was prolonged by the warming, ranging from 22.8 ± 3.3 to 49.3 ± 4.5 days depending on the soil depth.

The establishment of SWAMP provides a more realistic simulation of warming‐induced permafrost thaw, which can then be used to explore the effect of climate warming on permafrost ecosystems and the potential permafrost carbon‐climate feedback. Notably, our experiment is more advantageous for investigating how deep soil processes respond to climate warming and active layer deepening, compare with experiments which use passive warming techniques such as open top chambers (OTCs).
ISTH guidelines for antithrombotic treatment in COVID‐19: Endorsement by the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine
Authors: Chew Michelle S. , Olkkola Klaus T. , Kalliomäki Maija‐Liisa , Rehn Marius , Sigurðsson Martin Ingi , Møller Morten Hylander
Published: May 2023

The Clinical Practice Committee of the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine endorses the ISTH guidelines for antithrombotic treatment in COVID‐19. This evidence‐based guideline serves as a useful decision aid for Nordic anaesthesiologists caring for patients with COVID‐19.
Cost‐effectiveness of closed incision negative pressure wound therapy in preventing surgical site infection among obese women giving birth by caesarean section: An economic evaluation (DRESSING trial)
Authors: Whitty Jennifer A. , Wagner Adam P. , Kang Evelyn , Ellwood David , Chaboyer Wendy , Kumar Sailesh , Clifton Vicki L. , Thalib Lukman , Gillespie Brigid M.
Published: May 2023

Background

There is growing evidence regarding the potential of closed incision negative pressure wound therapy (ci‐NPWT) to prevent surgical site infections (SSIs) in healing wounds by primary closure following a caesarean section (CS).

Aim

To assess the cost‐effectiveness of ci‐NPWT compared to standard dressings for prevention of SSI in obese women giving birth by CS.

Materials and Methods

Cost‐effectiveness and cost‐utility analyses from a health service perspective were undertaken alongside a multicentre pragmatic randomised controlled trial, which recruited women with a pre‐pregnancy body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 giving birth by elective/semi‐urgent CS who received ci‐NPWT (n = 1017) or standard dressings (n = 1018). Resource use and health‐related quality of life (SF‐12v2) collected during admission and for four weeks post‐discharge were used to derive costs and quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs).

Results

ci‐NPWT was associated with AUD$162 (95%CI −$170 to $494) higher cost per person and an additional $12 849 (95%CI −$62 138 to $133 378) per SSI avoided. There was no detectable difference in QALYs between groups; however, there are high levels of uncertainty around both cost and QALY estimates. There is a 20% likelihood that ci‐NPWT would be considered cost‐effective at a willingness‐to‐pay threshold of $50 000 per QALY. Per protocol and complete case analyses gave similar results, suggesting that findings are robust to protocol deviators and adjustments for missing data.

Conclusions

ci‐NPWT for the prevention of SSI in obese women undergoing CS is unlikely to be cost‐effective in terms of health service resources and is currently unjustified for routine use for this purpose.
Down with falls! Paramedicine scope regarding falls amongst older adults in rural and remote communities: A scoping review
Authors: Peters Aidan , Lim David , Naidoo Navindhra
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Australian rural and remote areas are faced with the double burden of an ageing population paired with inequitable access to health resources due to the paradigm of major city centred health care. This complicates fall management within this space. Paramedics are a registered health profession, which provides mobile, equitable health care. However, this resource is not being effectively utilised in rural and remote areas where primary care access barriers may cause patient needs to go unmet.

Objective

To describe the existing literature and describe the international scope of current paramedicine practice in the out‐of‐hospital management of falls amongst older adults in rural and remote settings.

Design

Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology was employed. CINAHL (EBSCO), MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), SCOPUS (Elsevier), Google Scholar and These Global were searched and Australian, New Zealand and the UK ambulance service guidelines were sought.

Findings

Two records met inclusion criteria. Currently, rural and remote paramedic fall management involves preventative health promotion through patient education, population‐based screening and referrals.

Discussion

The use of paramedics to screen at‐risk populations and refer is vital, as many rural adults had screened positive to fall risks and other unmet needs. There is poor recollection of physically printed education material and low acceptance of further in‐home assessments following paramedic departure.

Conclusion

This scoping review has highlighted a significant knowledge gap on this topic. Further research is needed to effectively utilise paramedicine within areas where access to primary care is not possible to achieve downstream, risk reducing care in the home.
Association between left ventricular lead position and intrinsic QRS morphology with regard to clinical outcome in cardiac resynchronization therapy for heart failure
Authors: Brandtvig Tove Olsson , Marinko Sofia , Farouq Maiwand , Brandt Johan , Mörtsell David , Wang Lingwei , Chaudhry Uzma , Saba Samir , Borgquist Rasmus
Published: May 2023

Background

Left ventricular (LV) lead position may be an important factor for delivering effective cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). We therefore aimed to evaluate the effects of LV lead position, stratified by native QRS morphology, regarding the clinical outcome.

Methods

A total of 1295 CRT‐implanted patients were retrospectively evaluated. LV lead position was classified as lateral, anterior, inferior, or apical, and was determined using the left and right anterior oblique X‐ray views. Kaplan Meier and Cox regression were performed to evaluate the effects on all‐cause mortality and heart failure hospitalization, and the potential interaction between LV lead position and native ECG morphologies.

Results

A total of 1295 patients were included. Patients were aged 69 ± 7 years, 20% were female, 46% received a CRT‐Pacemaker (vs. CRT‐Defibrillator), mean LVEF was 25% ± 7%, and median follow‐up was 3.3 years [IQR 1.6–5–7 years]. Eight hundred and eighty‐two patients (68%) had a lateral LV lead location, 207 (16%) anterior, 155 (12%) apical, and 51 (4%) inferior. Patients with lateral LV lead position had larger QRS reduction (−13 ± 27 ms vs. −3 ± 24 ms, p < .001). Non‐lateral lead location was associated with a higher risk for all‐cause mortality (HR 1.34 [1.09–1.67], p = .007) and heart failure hospitalization (HR 1.25 [1.03–1.52], p = .03). This association was strongest for patients with native left or right bundle branch block, and not significant for patients with prior paced QRS or nonspecific intraventricular conduction delay.

Conclusions

In patients treated with CRT, non‐lateral LV lead positions (including apical, anterior, and inferior positions) were associated with worse clinical outcome and less reduction of QRS duration. This association was strongest for patients with native LBBB or RBBB.
Assessment of intraretinal hyperreflective foci using multimodal imaging in eyes with age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Oncel Deniz , Corradetti Giulia , He Ye , Ashrafkhorasani Maryam , Nittala Muneeswar Gupta , Stambolian Dwight , Pericak‐Vance Margaret A. , Haines Jonathan L. , Sadda Srinivas R.
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the correspondence between intraretinal hyperreflective foci (IHRF) identified on optical coherence tomography (OCT) B‐scans with hyperpigmentation on colour fundus photography (CFP) or hyperreflectivity on infrared reflectance (IR) images in eyes with age‐related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods

Flash CFP, IR images and OCT B‐scans obtained at the same visit were evaluated. Individual IHRF identified on OCT B‐scans were assessed for the qualitative presence or absence of a hypotransmission tail into the choroid. The corresponding IR image obtained at the time of OCT acquisition was analysed for the presence or absence of hyperreflectivity in this region. The IR images were manually registered to the CFP image, and CFP images were inspected for the presence or absence of hyperpigmentation at the location of IHRF.

Results

From 122 eyes, a total of 494 IHRF were evaluated. For the primary analysis of qualitative presence or absence of hyperpigmentation on CFP and hyperreflectivity on IR at the locations corresponding to IHRF on OCT, 301 (61.0%) of the IHRFs demonstrated evidence of hyperpigmentation on CFP, while only 115 (23.3%) showed evidence of hyperreflectivity on IR. The qualitative determination of the presence or absence of an abnormality on CFP or IR were significantly different (p < 0.0001). 327 (66.2%) of the IHRF showed hypotransmission, and 80.4% of these IHRF showed hyperpigmentation on CFP, though only 23.9% (p < 0.0001) demonstrated hyperreflectivity on IR.

Conclusions

Less than two‐thirds of IHRF evident on OCT manifest as hyperpigmentation on colour photos, though IHRF with posterior shadowing are more likely to be evident as pigment. IR imaging appears to be even more poorly sensitive for visualizing IHRF.
Sustainable finance: The role of savings and credit cooperatives in Ecuador
Authors: Segovia‐Vargas María Jesús , Miranda‐García I. Marta , Oquendo‐Torres Freddy Alejandro
Published: May 2023

The current world situation leads us to consider that sustainable development needs to be a global priority to ensure the future of the planet and improve the quality of life. There is a need for sustainable finance to support this. Savings and credit cooperatives could help to achieve this impact as they serve the microfinance and microlending market. They facilitate the financial inclusion of the most vulnerable people, most of whom live in rural areas and are members of organizations, such as agricultural cooperatives and associations. Previous studies have focused exclusively on overall profitability, so this paper contributes to extending the literature by analyzing the whole population of savings and credit cooperatives in Ecuador (510 institutions), focusing on their profitability in two ways: the overall profitability necessary for the viability of the business and, in addition, the microcredit portfolio profitability, as a specific measure of its contribution to sustainability and social value creation. Another novelty is that the analysis has been carried out using several machine learning techniques for the wider generalization of the results. These show that size is the most relevant variable for predicting the ROE and that the microcredit portfolio profitability is conditioned by the credit variables.
Do different exosome biogenesis pathways and selective cargo enrichment contribute to exosomal heterogeneity?
Authors: Shukla Shatakshi , Currim Fatema , Singh Rajesh
Published: May 2023

Exosomes are emerging intercellular communicators essential for cellular homeostasis during development and differentiation. The dysregulation in exosome‐mediated communication alters cellular networking leads to developmental defects and chronic diseases. Exosomes are heterogeneous in nature depending on differences in size, membrane protein abundance, and differential cargo load. In this review, we have highlighted the latest developments in exosome biogenesis pathways, heterogeneity, and selective enrichment of various exosomal cargoes including proteins, nucleic acids, and mitochondrial DNA. Furthermore, the recent developments in the isolation techniques of exosome subpopulations have also been discussed. The comprehensive knowledge of extracellular vesicle (EV) heterogeneity and selective cargo enrichment during specific pathology may provide a clue for disease severity and early prognosis possibilities. The release of specific exosome subtypes is associated with the progression of specific disease type and hence a probable tool for therapeutics and biomarker development.
SESN1 is a FOXO3 effector that counteracts human skeletal muscle ageing
Authors: Jing Ying , Zuo Yuesheng , Sun Liang , Yu Zheng‐Rong , Ma Shuai , Hu Huifang , Zhao Qian , Huang Daoyuan , Zhang Weiqi , Belmonte Juan Carlos Izpisua , Yu Yang , Qu Jing , Liu Guang‐Hui , Wang Si
Published: May 2023

Sarcopenia, a skeletal muscle disorder in which loss of muscle mass and function progresses with age, is associated with increased overall frailty, risk of falling and mortality in the elders. Here, we reveal that SESN1 safeguards skeletal muscle from ageing downstream of the longevity gene FOXO3, which we recently reported is a geroprotector in primate skeletal muscle. Knockdown of SESN1 mimicked the human myotube ageing phenotypes observed in the FOXO3‐deficient human myotubes, whereas genetic activation of SESN1 alleviated human myotube senescence. Of note, SESN1 was identified as a protective secretory factor against muscle atrophy. Administration of recombinant SESN1 protein attenuated senescence of human myotubes in vitro and facilitated muscle regeneration in vivo. Altogether, we unveil a key role of SESN1 downstream of FOXO3 in protecting skeletal muscle from ageing, providing diagnostic biomarkers and intervention strategies for counteracting skeletal muscle ageing and related diseases.
Using behavioral studies to adapt management decisions and reduce negative interactions between humans and baboons in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Fehlmann Gaelle , O'Riain M. Justin , Kerr‐Smith Catherine , Hailes Stephen , Holton Mark , Hopkins Phil , King Andrew J.
Published: May 2023

Understanding the behavioral ecology of wildlife that experiences negative interactions with humans and the outcome of any wildlife management intervention is essential. In the Cape Peninsula, South Africa, chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) search for anthropogenic food sources in both urban and agricultural areas. In response, the city of Cape Town and private farmers employ “rangers” to keep baboons within the Table Mountain National Park. In this study, we investigated the success of rangers' intervention in keeping baboons in their natural habitat. Based on our findings in year one, we recommended adjustments to the rangers' management strategy in year two. We recommended improved consensus of actions toward baboons (that is, when/where to herd them), and the construction of a baboon‐proof fence around one of the farms that provided a corridor to urban areas. During the 2 months following recommendations, these interventions combined resulted in a significant reduction in the time baboons spent in both urban and agricultural land. Our case study illustrates the importance of integrating research findings into ongoing management actions to improve both human livelihoods and baboon conservation through an adaptive management framework. We expect similar approaches to be beneficial in a wide range of species and contexts.
Conceptualising multiple hazards and cascading effects on critical infrastructures
Authors: Barquet Karina , Englund Mathilda , Inga Katarina , André Karin , Segnestam Lisa
Published: May 2023

Despite increased research on ‘multiple hazards’ and ‘cascading effects’, ambiguity remains concerning terminology. This paper reviews the literature to explore how these two concepts are defined in relation to critical infrastructures and their vital societal functions. Next, it investigates how the concepts are operationalised in Swedish disaster risk management. Findings indicate that regardless of a wealth of methodologies assessing multiple hazards and their cascading effects, these are rarely used by local planners, suggesting a gap between scientific approaches and practical implementation. Research mainly captures multiple hazards and cascading effects through technical parameters related to the severity of a hazard or the direct physical impacts on infrastructure. Less focus has been placed on the wider or knock‐on effects across sectors and how these translate into societal risk. Future research should move beyond traditional understandings of social vulnerabilities as only pre‐existing, to analyse how cascading effects on infrastructure and services can put new social groups at risk.
Does Thinking and Working Politically improve support for social business? Evidence from a water business in Cambodia
Authors: Lyne Isaac
Published: May 2023

Motivation

Social business is business that aims primarily to achieve social ends, while at least covering its costs. Social business has been put forward as a means to achieve development aims, such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Thinking and Working Politically (TWP) is an approach to ensure development interventions are politically feasible and not stymied by political opposition. Are the two approaches compatible?

Purpose

The article asks whether social business can ally with TWP for more effective development, taking a social business for water provision in Cambodia as a case in point.

Methods and approach

A review of development policy literature on social business and TWP is combined with data we collected from fieldwork in Cambodia from November 2018 to February 2019. We interviewed key informants from social business, UNICEF, and government in the capital. At two water kiosks in eastern Cambodia, one successful the other less so, we interviewed 2 kiosk operators, 20 customers, and local leaders; we held four focus groups of customers; and we observed operations at the kiosks. Data was analysed using an ethnographic, or immersive, qualitative approach.

Findings

In this case, UNICEF intuitively used TWP to connect a social business to government departments. Water kiosks depended heavily on local political dynamics. We found Commune officials mindful of their standing in local society who often had the interests of the local community in their hearts, but the compatibility of TWP and social business at the local project level is variable.

Policy implications

TWP can potentially help development actors supporting social business to make political connections, in this case to appropriate government departments and local official. The key, however, is to understand context. The danger is to view social business as a turnkey intervention that can be used without adaptation to context, without consideration of local politics. Donors supporting social business need to appraise each business, case by case.

Donors might also want to consider the motivations of international companies partnering with social business, particularly when different development objectives might be in conflict.
Survival outcomes for patients with multiple myeloma in France: A retrospective cohort study using the Système National des Données de Santé national healthcare database
Authors: Leleu Xavier , Gorsh Boris , Bessou Antoine , Paka Prani , De Nascimento Julie , Colin Xavier , Landi Suzanne , Wang Peter Feng
Published: May 2023

Objective

Evaluate the overall survival (OS) of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) at different treatment stages in France.

Methods

This retrospective observational cohort study used data from the French National Health Insurance database to study patients with MM (diagnosis 2013–2019). Patient outcomes included OS (all‐cause mortality), time‐to‐next treatment (TTNT), and duration of therapy (DoT) from initial diagnosis, the start of different lines of therapy (LOTs), triple‐class exposure (TCE), and subsequent treatment following TCE. The Kaplan–Meier method analyzed “time‐to‐event” data.

Results

From diagnosis, death rates increased from 1% at 1 month to 24% at 2 years; median OS was 63.8 months (N = 14 309). Median OS from the start of LOTs declined from 61.0 months (LOT1) to 14.8 months (LOT4). Median OS from TCE start was 14.7 months. There was a large variation in TTNT within LOTs (e.g., LOT1: bortezomib + lenalidomide: TTNT = 26.4 months, OS = 61.7 months; lenalidomide: TTNT = 20.0 months, OS = 39.6 months); DoT was similar for LOT1 and LOT2, then progressively declined at LOT4. Patients with stem cell transplant, younger age, and less comorbidity had better survival outcomes.

Conclusions

Patients with MM face a poor prognosis after relapse to multiple LOTs and TCE, demonstrating a worsening of survival outcomes. Access to novel therapies may improve outcomes.
A netnography of emergent ESOL researcher identity and development in a virtual community of practice
Authors: Chen Julian , Greenier Vincent , Janes Sasha
Published: May 2023

For emerging researchers, communities of practice (CoPs) can be a much‐needed source of knowledge and support, particularly during a global pandemic. Within this context, a virtual CoP (VCoP) project was initiated for novice researchers in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL)/Applied Linguistics worldwide to exchange perspectives and academic knowledge. Guided by netnography, our study explores the social, cultural, and professional practices of VCoP through multiple digital sources, such as webinar recordings, Facebook group posts, reflective journal entries, and one‐on‐one interview. The triangulated data aims to examine the effects of virtual mentorship on the agency, engagement, and identity construction of an emerging researcher. Findings illustrate that a VCoP facilitates international networking, fosters the repositioning of ESOL researcher identity, and promotes agency through virtual mentoring. Specifically, netnography opens a viable avenue for remote data mining in Applied Linguistics research.
Does it pay to treat employees well?: The case of informal finance
Authors: Tran Vuong Thao , Vu Van Hoang , Le Anh , Bach Phan Dinh Hoang
Published: May 2023

We examine the role of employee treatment in firms’ access to informal finance in the form of trade credit. We find that better employee treatment improves the amount of informal finance a firm can obtain. This effect is stronger in environments with (1) more intensive product market competition, (2) highly customized inputs, (3) lower social capital and (4) high demand for skilled labor. Furthermore, the role of employee treatment varies according to a firm's financial health and liquidity. Employee treatment becomes less important for firms having a low level of liquidity but is more pronounced for firms experiencing financial distress.
Learning to use electronic outlining via observational learning: Effects on students' argumentative writing performance
Authors: de Smet Milou J. R. , Brand‐Gruwel Saskia , Kirschner Paul A.
Published: May 2023

Background

Writing is an important and complex skill, which could be enhanced by teaching students effective writing strategies such as outlining. Electronic outlining ‐ integrated feature in Microsoft® Word – has been shown to enhance students' writing performance. However, little is known about the optimal didactic approach for electronic outlining.

Objective

This study examined the effects of learning to use electronic outlining either via observational learning or via learning‐by‐doing on students' argumentative writing performance.

Methods

Students (N = 129, 10th‐grade) were assigned with their complete class to one of three conditions: a control (traditional pen and paper outlines via learning‐by‐doing), outline (electronic outlines via learning‐by‐doing) or observation (electronic outlines via observational learning) condition. Students followed an argumentative writing lesson‐series that differed across conditions in terms of planning strategies and didactic approaches used. To examine the influence of the different conditions on students' writing, argumentative texts were used as pre‐ and post‐tests, and the quality was evaluated with an analytic assessment protocol. In addition, data regarding students' perceived mental effort and the organisation of the writing process were collected. Finally, students' attitudes towards electronic outlining were assessed.

Results and Conclusion

Although the overall text structure had improved after the lesson series, no significant differences were found between conditions. Electronic outlining increased the total amount of time dedicated to the texts as well as the revision ratio. Students in the observation condition showed a higher pause ratio and a lower fluency on the post‐test as compared to students who learned by doing (both control and outline conditions). With regard to perceived mental effort, students in the outline and control conditions perceived significant decreases over tasks, as opposed to those in the observation condition. In conclusion, the self‐reports indicate that students in the outline condition appropriated electronic outlining significantly better than those in the observation condition, suggesting that practice enhanced students' appropriation of electronic outlining.
Awakening the Europhile Giant: EU Issue Voting in Western and Central‐Eastern Europe
Authors: Carrieri Luca
Published: May 2023

Many works have analysed EU issue voting, showing that European integration affects electoral preferences. This article posits that EU issues have increasingly influenced party preferences, boosting their effects and, in particular, on Europhile parties. Several punctuation points – authority transfer towards the EU, party politicisation efforts and a multiple set of crises – have occurred, with EU issues cumulating effects on voting preferences. Europhile parties may have strategically responded on this issue dimension, seizing on more favourable public orientations and, thus, prompting an electoral mobilisation of their constituents. By exploring the EU issue voting patterns in 25 Western and Central‐Eastern European countries between 2014 and 2019, the article presents two core findings, corroborating its expectations. It demonstrates that EU issues have increasingly affected electoral preferences, as well as enhancing their effects amongst the Europhile party voters.
Validation of the LPA‐SQUASH in post‐liver‐transplant patients
Authors: Ushio Miyuki , Makimoto Kiyoko , Fujita Kimie , Tanaka Satomi , Kanaoka Maki , Kosai Yukiko , Harada Noboru
Published: May 2023

Aim

This study aimed to validate the revised Short Questionnaire to Assess Health‐Enhancing Physical Activity (SQUASH) to measure sedentary activity in post‐liver‐transplant patients. The proposed scale could be useful for transplantation nurses to assess and modify sedentary lifestyles and increase physical activity.

Methods

The SQUASH was modified to include items on sitting time and light‐intensity physical activity (LPA‐SQUASH). A pilot study was conducted with 20 liver transplant patients, and an expert panel validated the scale contents. Then, post‐liver‐transplant outpatients at a Japanese university hospital participated in the main study (September–October 2020), in which questionnaires were mailed twice to assess test–retest reliability, and accelerometers used to establish criterion validity. Intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated for test–retest reliability. Spearman correlations and Bland–Altman plots were used to assess validity and measurement error.

Results

In total, 173 participants returned the questionnaires, and 106 and 71 completed the reliability and validation studies, respectively. The range of LPA‐SQUASH correlation coefficients for test–retest was .49–.58. ICCs ranged from .72 to .80 for items other than leisure. Accelerometer data and the LPA‐SQUASH total physical activity amount and light‐intensity physical activity correlated moderately.

Conclusion

We modified the SQUASH, which was developed to measure physical activity in healthy adults, to assess light‐intensity physical activity in post‐liver‐transplant patients. The LPA‐SQUASH showed acceptable validity and reliability. The questionnaire may be used by transplantation nurses to examine light‐intensity physical activity content/duration, deliver patient education considering patients' sedentary lifestyle, and facilitate goal setting for physical activity interventions to prevent metabolic syndrome.
Catastrophic implant failure after immediate loading of full arch implant prosthesis and its association with CPAP therapy: A case report
Authors: Rodriguez Julio J. , Gertler Alexis , Bender John , Surathu Neeraj , Balshi Thomas J.
Published: May 2023

Full arch implant‐supported restorations are a common treatment modality for patients with a terminal dentition or an edentulous mouth. Several mechanical and biological factors that contribute to complications or failure are already extensively documented. Some patients receiving complex implant‐based treatment plans also suffer from obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The use of a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) mask in some of these patients is a lesser‐known factor that could contribute to implant complications or failures. This article describes how the use of a CPAP machine may be a risk factor in implant dentistry and describes a patient whose use of a CPAP machine and mask led to a catastrophic failure of mandibular full arch dental implants.
What have we learned about sexual harassment among young people? Concluding reflections
Authors: Holmqvist Gattario Kristina , Lunde Carolina
Published: May 2023

This article contains concluding reflections for a special issue on sexual harassment among young people. In this concluding article, we reflect on the 14 individual papers in the special issue through three cross‐cutting themes, each with important implications for policy and practice. The themes highlight that (1) attitudes and norms related to sexual harassment are core to its occurrence among young people, (2) the sexual harassment experiences of minority and otherwise hidden youth need to be heard, and (3) innovative approaches and methods advance the current knowledge about sexual harassment among young people. Furthermore, we stress that school policies against sexual harassment need to be reflected in the behaviors of school personnel and peers, and that both students and teachers need to be equipped with the knowledge and skills to combat sexual harassment. It is our hope that this special issue will be valuable for researchers, the formulation of societal and school policies, and for the design of developmentally informed interventions.
Evaluation of gallbladder motility assessed by ultrasonography in dogs with hyperlipidemia
Authors: Villm Jessica A. , DeMonaco Stefanie M. , Panciera David L. , Larson Martha M. , Bolton Timothy A.
Published: May 2023

Background

The pathogenesis of gallbladder (GB) mucoceles in dogs is unknown. It has been proposed that hyperlipidemia could impair GB motility and contribute to GB mucocele formation.

Hypothesis/Objectives

The objective of this study was to compare GB motility in dogs with hyperlipidemia to control dogs using ultrasonography. We hypothesized that hyperlipidemic dogs will have decreased GB motility compared with controls.

Animals

Twenty‐six hyperlipidemic and 28 healthy, age‐matched control dogs were prospectively enrolled.

Methods

Cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were measured in all dogs. Hyperlipidemia was defined as hypercholesterolemia (>332 mg/dL) and/or hypertriglyceridemia (>143 mg/dL) using a biochemical analyzer. Ultrasound was performed before feeding, and 60 and 120 minutes after ingestion of a high fat diet. Gallbladder volumes (GBV) and ejection fractions (EF) were calculated.

Results

Hyperlipidemic dogs had significantly larger GBVs (ml/kg) before feeding and 60 minutes after feeding of 1.2 (0.4‐7.5;P = .008) and 0.6 (0.1‐7.2;P = .04) compared with controls 0.6 (0.2‐2.6) and 0.4 (0.1‐1.9), respectively. Severely hyperlipidemic dogs had significantly larger GBV at baseline, 60 minutes, and 120 minutes of 1.7 (0.6‐7.5;P = .03), 1.3 (0.4‐7.2;P = .02), and 1.3 (0.2‐8.2;P = .04), respectively compared with mildly hyperlipidemic dogs. EFs at 60 and 120 minutes between controls, hyperlipidemic, and severely hyperlipidemic were all 0.3 at 60 minutes and 0.5, 0.3, and 0.3 at 120 minutes, respectively which were not statistically different.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Hyperlipidemia leads to GB distention in dogs which could lead to retention of bile and gallbladder disease.
Effect of high temperature on the meiofauna composition, abundance, and biomass in a zone of geophysical anomalies
Authors: Álvarez‐Castillo Lucía , Hermoso‐Salazar Margarita , Rivas Gerardo , Estradas‐Romero Alejandro , Prol‐Ledesma Rosa María
Published: May 2023

Meiofauna are an excellent assemblage for studying how environmental changes affect numerous invertebrates. Meiofaunal distribution can be influenced by several key environmental factors which may differ among habitats and could be too numerous to evaluate. The Wagner and Consag shallow basins are located at the northern end of the Gulf of California. These basins are a young rift system where intense gas discharge has been reported and correlated to anomalously high heat flow (105 W/m2) and temperature (50.2°C in this study). The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of environmental conditions on the abundance and biomass distribution of the meiofauna in these two shallow and geologically anomalous basins and to determine which of the measured variables are key factors. Sediment samples were collected during the “Sísmica 2015” expedition aboard R/V “Alpha Helix” during September 2015, within a depth range of 39–237 m. A total of 609 organisms were separated and six taxonomic groups were identified: Gastropoda, Polychaeta, Nematoda, Kinorhyncha, Ostracoda, and Harpacticoida. Meiofauna abundance ranged from 0 to 114.11 ind/10 cm2 and biomass ranged from 0 to 300.02 μg Corg/10 cm2. Though abundance and biomass were found to be correlated to sediment temperature, the main factor associated with the observed meiofaunal distribution was grain size temperature, however, was confirmed as the most important environmental factor as it was responsible for the greatest spatial variation in meiofaunal composition throughout the Wagner and Consag basins, where high temperature stations showed lower abundances. There is still very little known about meiofauna from extreme environments and their clear responses to these extreme conditions is lacking in the published literature. There is an urgent need to understand the biology and ecology of the meiofauna taxa that thrive in these natural environments. The findings in this study may provide some insights into these ecological processes, but more importantly they may be of use in assessing the vulnerability of benthic communities to future anthropogenic disturbances.
Whiteness theory and the (in)visible hierarchy in medical education
Authors: Zaidi Zareen , Rockich‐Winston Nicole , Chow Candace , Martin Paolo C. , Onumah Chavon , Wyatt Tasha
Published: May 2023

Context

The theory of whiteness in medical education has largely been ignored, yet its power continues to influence learners within our medical curricula and our patients and trainees within our health systems. Its influence is even more powerful given the fact that society maintains a ‘possessive investment’ in its presence. In combination, these (in)visible forces create environments that favour White individuals at the exclusion of all others, and as health professions educators and researchers, we have the responsibility to uncover how and why these influences continue to pervade medical education.

Proposal

To better understand how whiteness and the possessive investment in its presence create (in)visible hierarchies, we define and explore the origin of whiteness by examining whiteness studies and how we have come to have a possessive investment in its presence. Next, we provide ways in which whiteness can be studied in medical education so that it can be disruptive.

Conclusion

We encourage health profession educators and researchers to collectively ‘make strange’ our current hierarchical system by not just recognising the privileges afforded to those who are White but also recognising how these privileges are invested in and maintained. As a community, we must develop and resist established power structures to transform the current hierarchy into a more equitable system that supports everyone, not just those who are White.
A new target for improving wheat end‐use quality
Authors: Gao Yujiao , Liu Qiaoquan
Published: May 2023

This article is a Commentary on Liu et al. (2023), 239: 87–101.
The benefits of nonprofit reputation: Government funding, nonprofit performance, and nonprofit reputational gains
Authors: de Menezes Aline Brêtas , Peci Alketa
Published: May 2023

Reputation is a valuable intangible resource whose role in public–nonprofit collaborations remains unexplored. Does nonprofit reputation influence government funding and nonprofit performance? Does nonprofit performance enhance nonprofit reputational gains? Our identification strategy adopts panel regression methods to assess whether nonprofit reputation influences government funding and nonprofit performance in 675 collaborations between the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MoH) and 60 nonprofit hospitals from 2012 to 2019. Our results indicate that reputable nonprofit hospitals receive more government funding, hire more staff and achieve higher levels of production. This research also suggests a virtuous cycle: Better nonprofit performance leads to nonprofit reputational gains in official rankings. We thus contribute to reputation and public–nonprofit collaboration scholarship by empirically examining the role of nonprofit reputation in public–nonprofit collaborations and identifying mediators of the nonprofit reputation–performance link while responding to calls for more panel data analyses.
Green technological progress, agricultural modernization, and wage inequality: Lessons from China
Authors: Wang Dianshuang , Huang Hongyun , Zhao Xin , Fang Fang
Published: May 2023

Green technological progress (GTP) is crucial for environmental protection and economic growth in China. Over the past decades, China made huge GTP which exerts a far‐reaching consequence on economic and social development. However, a paucity of research investigates the distributional effect of GTP. Meanwhile, we incorporate agricultural producer service sector into a three‐sector general equilibrium model to reflect the modernization of small‐scale agriculture. The agricultural producer service sector that acts as an intermediate sector can facilitate the utilization of intermediate inputs indirectly. To desalinate this process, a two‐layer vertical production structure is established: parts of manufacturing goods are utilized by the service sector, outputs of which are intermediate inputs that could substitute labor in agriculture. Theoretical analysis shows that GTP increases both wage of skilled labor and unskilled labor. Nevertheless, GTP generates a greater impact on the wage of skilled labor than unskilled labor, leading to widening income disparity. Then, we examine the impact of GTP on wage inequality using a balanced panel data covering 30 provincial units in China during 2000–2019. In line with our theoretical conjecture, we find strong supportive evidences that GTP significantly widens the wage inequality.
Combination of STAT3 inhibitor with Herceptin reduced immune checkpoints expression and provoked anti‐breast cancer immunity: An in vitro study
Authors: Jahangiri Amirhossein , Ezzeddini Rana , Zounemat Kermani Nazanin , Bahrami Fariborz , Salek Farrokhi Amir
Published: May 2023

Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent diagnosed cancer among women. Herceptin blocks the effects of Her‐2 and tumour cell growth. Despite many achievements using Herceptin in Her‐2+ invasive BC treatment, there are treatment failures and resistances. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is persistently activated in BC and is associated with immune suppression and tumour cell proliferation. We evaluated whether STAT3 inhibition could increase Herceptin impact on in vitro reduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors and polarize T cells to a protective immune response. We treated SK‐BR‐3 cells with Herceptin and the STAT3‐inhibitor (FLLL32) and assessed the apoptosis and expression of apoptosis‐related proteins, VEGF, Her‐2 and apoptosis targets of STAT3. PBMCs were isolated from healthy donors and co‐cultured with SK‐BR‐3 cells in the presence or absence of Herceptin and FLLL32. PD‐L1, CTLA‐4, TIM‐3 and T‐cell intracellular cytokines were then evaluated. Our results demonstrated that STAT3 inhibition and Herceptin increased SK‐BR‐3 cell apoptosis, significantly. STAT3 inhibition through combination treatment had a more significant effect on regulating PD‐1, TIM‐3 and CTLA‐4 expression on PBMCs. Alternatively, the combination of FLLL32 and Herceptin promoted T helper‐1 protective immune response. The combination of FLLL32 and Herceptin suppress the expression of immune checkpoints and provoke the T‐helper1 immune response in lymphocytes. Our analysis indicates STAT3 as a promising target that improves Herceptin's role in breast cancer cell apoptosis.
There's Research on That: Translating and Sharing Sociology for Public Audiences
Authors: Hartmann Douglas , Uggen Christopher , Miller Mahala
Published: May 2023

This article draws a decade of experience editing and publishing TheSocietyPages.org, and four more years editing Contexts magazine. Both projects work to bring sociological research and insight to broader public audiences, visibility, and impact. Here we build upon Herbert Gans' original call for public sociology and his emphasis on the translation and dissemination of sociological research, insight, and context on social issues and problems for broad public audiences. We begin by detailing the general challenges of such communication‐oriented public outreach and engagement. We then use our work with The Society Pages, one of the largest sociological hubs on the internet, as a case study for doing this work and addressing these challenges. Key points of emphasis include: (1) the core challenges and key principles of writing for general, nonacademic audiences; (2) organizational and infrastructure‐related needs and some pragmatic recommendations for institutionalizing publicly engaged sociology; and (3) the critical role of graduate students in these endeavors. We conclude that sociologists ourselves are best positioned to share our work with public audiences and we identify some benefits for the discipline in doing such engaged scholarship over a sustained period.
Intersectionality, agency and take‐up of benefits among families living in poverty
Authors: Weiss‐Dagan Shlomit
Published: May 2023

Non‐take‐up of benefits is a common problem in welfare states. Knowledge gaps are a fundamental factor in such non‐take‐up. Through a critical social structure and agency lens, the objective of the current study was to examine the contribution of different individual and social variables to the access of knowledge on rights among families living in poverty. Specifically, we focused on the intersection of nationality (Arab‐Israeli versus Jewish‐Israeli) and family structure (single‐parent versus two‐parent). The findings relied on a secondary analysis of an administrative database of a program for families living in poverty. The sample consisted of 1512 families, of whom 839 were Jewish‐Israeli and 673 were Arab‐Israeli. Our findings showed that nationality and family structure intersected and correlated with families' access to knowledge on rights. Jewish two‐parent families had the most economic privileges, but Jewish single‐parent families had the highest access to knowledge on rights. Arab single‐parent families had the worst economic, personal agency and social support conditions and the lowest access to knowledge on rights. The conclusion of this study is that looking at the non‐take‐up of benefits through an intersectional lens can help us understand more clearly the social structure barriers preventing take‐up. Social policy implications are discussed.
Revisiting Forced Convective Enhanced Heat Transfer in Offset-Strip-Fin Cores and Rationalized Performance Prediction Correlations
Authors: Lin Kuan-Ting , Shi Dantong , Jog Milind A. , Manglik Raj M.
Published: May 2023

The development of rationalized correlations for Fanning friction factor f and Colburn j factor for forced air-flow convection in rectangular offset-strip-fin cores is presented in this study with 100 ≤ Re ≤ 8000. New experimental data and three-dimensional conjugate heat transfer computational simulations were acquired to understand the flow physics and heat transfer phenomena. The offset arrangement of the fins disrupts the fully-developed condition prevalent in plain fins to promote secondary flow and enhanced heat transfer, and this effect is found to be fundamentally scaled by offset length ratio λ(=ℓ/dh). Furthermore, because of the blunt surface edge or finite thickness of the offset fin, the flow stagnation and wake effects are integral parts to the secondary flow. The influence is found to be characterized by the thickness ratio ζ(=tRe/dh) as well as the rectangular flow cross section aspect ratio α(=s/hf). New models are proposed for f and j in both laminar and turbulent regimes based on the enhanced convection effects, which are represented by these scaling parameters, and are superimposed on the fully-developed condition in a rectangular channel. The correlations are thereby devised from the new sets of experimental data as well as that given in the open literature and thus cover a wide range of λ, ζ, and α. Because the transition from laminar to turbulent regimes is smooth and continuous, the general correlations of f and j are developed by asymptotic matching as single expressions and are shown to predict the extended dataset to within ±20%.