bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving the Efficiency of I-Beams with a Thin Transverse Corrugated Web Plate
Authors: Tishkov N L , Stepanenko A N
Published: March 2021

The article describes a way to increase the stability of the transversely corrugated thin web plate of an I-beam due to the use of a double corrugation profile (multi-corrugation). The results of a numerical experiment (performed at LIRA-CAD software) of a large-scale models of beams with transversely corrugated web plates of various profiles (including double corrugation profile), with identical spans, cross sections, boundary conditions, loads, and material characteristics are presented. Distribution diagram of normal and shear stresses in cross sections, deflections, and the forms of buckling of corrugated web plates with safety factors for various models are presented. Based on the calculation results, a comparative analysis of the stress-strain state of the beam models was completed.
Modelling of Crack Development Trajectories in Continuous Thin-Walled Steel-Reinforced Concrete Beams under Moving Load
Authors: Averin A N , Averina T A
Published: March 2021

The scheme and its testing for calculating continuous thin-walled steel-reinforced concrete beams for constant and temporary load taking into account crack opening are described. The moving load is set in the form of a concentrated force applied with eccentricity with respect to the axis of the bar. For a bar experiencing bending and torsion deformations, analytical expressions for forces and displacements depending on the position of the temporary load are obtained, enveloping bending moment and bimoment diagrams are constructed. Based on the diagrams, the largest normal tension stresses were calculated at the lower points of the main beams and at the points of the reinforced concrete slab. An algorithm for calculating a continuous steel-reinforced concrete beam for a moving load is described taking into account crack opening. Trajectories of crack opening in a steel-reinforced concrete slab under a moving load are constructed.
Transport Framework of Urban Agglomeration: Structure and Features of Development
Authors: Sukhinin S A
Published: March 2021

Transport is an important element in formation and development of urban agglomerations. The predominance of road transport in transportation within agglomeration gives reason to argue that the basis of agglomeration transport framework is precisely roads. Roads and highways penetrate the agglomeration space, acting as communication lines, creating its road frame by which we understand the totality of road network and transport service facilities. As a special spatial formation the transport framework of agglomeration has its own structure, features and properties due to a variety of natural-geographical, historical, demographic, settlement, socio-economic factors. The structure, configuration and features of transport framework determine the efficiency of entire agglomeration, level and quality of life of its residents, and the attractiveness of agglomeration for placing business objects. The need to study the transport framework of agglomeration is due to the important function of integrator, which it performs in territorial organization of agglomeration, connecting all other elements with traffic flows. At the same time, the transport framework is experiencing certain problems, which is reflected in the development of the entire agglomeration. Their solution is possible in our opinion by improving the transport framework of agglomeration.
Improving the Safety of Pipelines in Protective Cases at Low Temperatures
Authors: Fedorov Y Y , Vasiliev S V , Savvina A V
Published: March 2021

Model experimental studies have been carried out and the cause of emergencies with pipes in protective cases used in the construction of pipelines has been identified. The design of a protective case has been developed, which excludes deformation or destruction of the pipeline when water freezes in the annulus. Model tests of the pipeline in the case, using polyethylene foam as an element that compensates for the expansion of water during freezing, showed complete exclusion of deformation of the pipeline during freezing. The developed design has shown its efficiency and possibility of widespread use to increase the reliability of pipelines in protective cases operating at temperature below freeezing point.
Light Spaces and Forms in the City Light Planning Structure
Authors: Karpenko V E
Published: March 2021

Artificial light is an effective and modern means of designing an urban environment, including architectural forms and spaces. Various functions and lighting concepts suggest the identification of the lighting nature of urban elements in the planning structure. Artistic and light parameters of forms and spaces can be measured using psychological and artistic compositional methods. Artificial light as part of the composition is used in optical and modern visual art, emphasizing its importance in landscape design, in revealing the semiotics of the city, in light landscapes formation. The analysis of artistic-psychological and comparatively estimated quantitative data of light forms and light spaces can be taken into account when creating a harmonious architectural and light environment. The theory of the city light-planning structure, lighting spaces and forms is given, the methods of their lighting on the embankments, in the historical part of the city are described, the mechanisms of their psychological impact and the measurement of subjective perception are revealed. The light-spatial parameters and lighting criteria are described. Variants and perspective proposals are put forward for creating light spaces based on the sum of the expressed light plastic of facades and the volumetric-spatial composition of buildings, landscape, light spaces as the intersection of communications and the harmonious interaction of light forms in the structure of the historic city centre. The reliability of the study can be provided by the earlier used “semantic differential” method.
Cable Railway as Component of Accessible Environment
Authors: Shipilov A G , Korzhikov D I , Baglaev A A
Published: March 2021

This article presents a systemic analysis method. Students must form project thinking in designing an accessible urban environment. This method is demonstrated via intercomplementary aspects. The social aspect is shown via the consideration of program requirements for mobility-impaired people. The nature and climate aspect is shown via the consideration of the monsoon climate in Vladivostok in winter. The city-building aspect is shown via the priority of ensembles when environmental facilities are introduced. The architectural aspect is shown via the comprehensiveness and multi-functional character of the suggested space. The economic aspect is demonstrated via the proposal of possible services in the designed space at the state and private levels. The cultural aspect is demonstrated via the aesthetic perception of the content of the environmental design of the suggested facility. That being said, the research took into consideration the requirements of composition design, city-building architecture, and transport engineering. The authors show an example of the inclusion of the requirements from the current respective regulations in place in Russia in the project work. The integrated treatment of all these aspects is shown in the project result. The result is a draft-project for a transport communication node uniting public, service, and production infrastructure.
The Principles of the Renovation of Residential Development on a Complex Terrain (on the Example of a Residential Environment in the Area of Komarov Hill in Vladivostok)
Authors: Kopeva A , Maslovskaia O , Shuntov A , Ivanova O
Published: March 2021

The need for architectural and site planning development of the existing urban environment, including residential areas, is justified by the growth of living standards and the needs of the population, as well as the emergence of new trends in urban design. The purpose of this study is to formulate the principles of a comprehensive renovation and design methods for a comfortable living environment on the example of the existing residential development of Vladivostok, located on complex terrain. The study revealed: architectural and site planning shortcomings of mass typical development, features of its planning structure, the device of the road network, courtyards and public spaces, artistic inexpressiveness of the environment. It is established that the conditions of complex relief require an integrated approach to the renovation of the living environment. The main principles formulated in the study are: the creation of an affordable multifunctional infrastructure that meets the needs of various population groups; organization of safe and comfortable courtyards, pedestrian transit paths connecting different levels of the landscape; organization of cycling; creation of public spaces saturated with social activity; the organization of compact buildings with adjoining and public spaces free from car parking; increase in the total area of landscaping due to the exploited roofs, slopes and vertical landscaping of the walls; giving the building and landscaping a unique architectural appearance, taking into account modern trends in design; formation of a barrier-free environment in residential development on complex terrain and taking into account the needs of people with disabilities. Based on the developed principles, an experimental project proposal for the renovation of residential development, which takes into account the climate and topography of the city of Vladivostok, was completed.
Improving the Effectiveness of Strengthening Slopes of the Embankment
Authors: Kamenchukov A V , Ukrainsky I S , Kondratenko T E , Fyodorova V S
Published: March 2021

A study was conducted to assess the stability of soil slopes of the subgrade of roads and railways. The main causes of destruction (erosion) and loss of stability of the soil slope of great steepness are considered. The modern methods of strengthening and protecting the slopes of the embankment from erosion and sliding under its own weight are analyzed. The method of strengthening slopes with shotcrete is considered in detail. Recommendations are given on increasing the efficiency of the use of shotcrete while strengthening the soil slopes of the subgrade embankment. Mathematical modeling of the stability of the slopes of the subgrade with a laying from 1: 1 to 1: 0.25 is carried out, the stability of the steep slopes is also considered. Using modern software systems, the finite element method has been used to evaluate the stress-strain state and stability of the slope of the subgrade.
Fiberglass Mobile Supports of Emergency High-Voltage Power Transmission Line
Authors: Popov S N , Fedorov Yu Yu
Published: March 2021

Original designs of mobile supports have been developedto accelerate emergency recovery work on power lines. These designs are characterized by low weight of racks, possibility of rapid installation and dismantling. Supports are proposed to be made of winding or pultruded fiberglass, base of steel to be made of tubular profile or wooden beam. Verticality of racks relative to the ground is provided by spatial hinges. Fixing racks is carried out by stretch marks. It is possible to use specially developed fiberglass reinforced plastics with combined structure, in which the inner layer is made by pultruded technology with second winding layer deposited on its surface, to increase strength characteristics of racks. Combined structure of composite will improve resistance to bending deformations and increase crack resistance. The report provides detailed descriptions of developed designs.
Improving the Process of Organizing Construction Activities Based on Multicriteria Decision-Making Methods
Authors: Aleksandrova N N , Gulyaev N O
Published: March 2021

The article is aimed at revealing the essence of the application of multicriteria decision-making methods regarding the process of organizing construction activities. A review of multicriteria decision-making methods is presented. Criteria for optimal choice of a calendar plan are described as the main document in the design and implementation of the construction process. Using the initial construction schedule as an example, alternative options are proposed and multicriteria decision-making methods are calculated to select the best one, based on the given criteria and situation.
Current Trends in Design of Street Lights
Authors: Shershneva E G , Alpatova E S
Published: March 2021

The article considers modern trends in architecture and design of street lighting devices. In the context of light urbanism concept, it is shown that lighting elements are an integral part of architectural image of a city. Street lights create the aesthetics and the “visual rhythm” of day-time city, and in the evening revitalize roads, pedestrian zones, courtyards and recreational areas. The formation of a beautiful image of a city is one of the factors of residential and business attractiveness, as well as the development of tourism. Design innovation of lighting objects expressed through various symbols and forms can convey spiritual values which improves emotional and physical state of people. Based on the analysis of street lighting practices in some cities the author identifies directions in the design of street lamps that create a unique urban image. These are art installations, representation of national symbols, heroes of literary and music, event emblems, bio-tech and high-tech devices. The key aspects of further development of street lighting design are also highlighted: aesthetic, socio-cultural, economic and environmental. Evolution of led-lighting opens up a wide possibilities for futuristic design and energy efficiency of street lights. It is noted that architectural and technological modernization will contribute to the creation of high-tech, creative, smart and eco-friendly devices for street lighting.
Modeling New Constructions of T-joint Connection of the Pipeline to Increase Efficiency
Authors: Yakovleva D N , Fayrushin A M
Published: March 2021

The oil and gas pipeline system is currently the most common way to transport oil and gas. One of the main hazardous areas of this system is the T-joint connection. The object of my research will be a T-joint connection. Branch nodes and taps are the most dangerous sections of the pipeline system. The tee assembly, which includes the main pipe and pipe, experiences a stress-strain state caused by a number of reasons, which relates it to tasks requiring increased control and attention. Such reasons include the operating conditions of the pipeline system, constant loads, the environment in the pipes and the presence of defective areas. One of the ways to strengthen the T-joint connection is the use of special reinforcing elements, which have their own manufacturing and assembly technology with the pipeline.
New Design Territory
Authors: Stratonova L M
Published: March 2021

The outcome of the discourse about the modernization in Russia should be summed up. The postindustrial social structure failed to withdraw the economy out of the long-term stagnation. As for the digital economy, it appeared non-performing as well. Probably, our scenario should be a mixed economy. Such a structure of all economic systems suggests the whole experience of the country being useful. Objective. It is to define a development and modernization conception when a high level of education and culture becomes a substantial factor of a faster development. These particular components will help to make the economy function successfully, formulate urgent tasks, and find mechanisms of implementing them. An economic version based on a new type agriculture using newest agricultural technologies and being environmentally safe, is widely considered at present. What is principle here is the necessity in a totally new image of an agricultural settlement from the viewpoint of architecture and design. A really modern, smart, and well-functioning infrastructure will give a chance to attract specialists possessing a high level education and new thinking. Methods. New agricultural settlement concepts should be worked out on the basis of the country’s greatest experience. In the conditions of Russia’s climate, it is useful to take into account traditional, “Soviet, and supermodern ways of economy management. Searches for sources of architectural projects of Soviet agricultural settlements appeared a most hard task. Perhaps, it can be accounted for by intensive building and new territory development difficulties. Anyhow, there were many forms for specialized farms and settlements: kolkhozes, cooperatives, and industrial type settlements; they exist now, too. An experience variety, accumulated by many generations, will allow creating a mixed economy and solving modernization and faster development problems. Particularly this thesis was accepted as a basis for creating actual conceptions of agricultural settlements at the Chair of Design and Art History. This work resulted in model complexes, made by student creative teams developing their own project ideas. The main aim of these projects was not a mere search for a conception of a country settlement but a creation of an image of a really up-to-date, comfortable, and, what is important, harmonic, environmentally sustainable and beautiful area, the one that suggests development and maintaining environmentally sustainable state of itself.
Using Bagua Trigrams in Parametric Design for Creating Planning Structure
Authors: Tceluiko D S , Kim A A
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the combination of traditional and modern methods of designing landscape complexes in China, on the example of the project of the planning structure of the campus of the Pacific National University (PNU). The traditional and modern gardens of China are considered, the basic principles of the formation of space are revealed. Feng Shui and parametricism are described as the main approaches in design. The technology of combination and application of the described methods is described in detail. Using the Voronoi diagram, Delaunay triangulation, and Bagua trigrams, the planning structure of the recreation zone was created and the main functional zones were determined. With the help of modern analogues created architectural elements, the location, shape and color of which is selected using traditional design principles. The importance of using modern technologies and the experience of traditional architecture is shown.
Upgrading the Technology of Chipboards Manufacturing from Softwood with Increased Biostability
Authors: Stepina I V , Nizamutdinova E R , Kotlyarova I A
Published: March 2021

Expansion of the raw materials base for building materials production is possible at the expense of soft-wooded broadleaved species little used nowadays. All these timber species are characterized by lower strength if compared with the strength of hard-wooded broadleaved species or pine-wood. They are also prone to crackling and decay. In construction industry, they could be used after special treatment by modifiers. High porosity facilitates the improved substances absorption. As the result, impregnated wood with porous structure would have improved technical properties. Thus, the use of soft-wooded broadleaved species as a renewable available source of raw materials for manufacturing construction products is regarded as the acute practical issue from the perspective of technology, ecology and economy. The implemented experimental studies for treatment of broadleaved wood by the wood preservative “Ksilostat” have shown that the wood preservative has proved to 100% efficient to perform the task. The results of experimental tests are presented. The implemented work aimed at developing technological solutions for woodchip board production from broadleaved hardwood of improved biological stability allowed proposing technological scheme of manufacturing bio-retardant boards with introduction of timber preservation production unit followed by wood chip drying.
Infilled Shells Constructions in Hydraulic Engineering
Authors: Tsimbelman N Ya , Malkov N M , Chernova T I , Selivanova M A
Published: March 2021

Filled shells are built for the needs of various industries. Made from a variety of materials, the shells retain the inner filler as a storage medium or as a structural material. The work considers constructions in which the filler has the function of a structural material that ensures the operational qualities of the entire construction, although in most cases the operating conditions of shells with a filler make it possible to set and use general approaches to the calculation and modeling of the construction. The main types of hydraulic structures, in which shells with soil filler are used or can be used, are grouped into several main groups.
Increasing the Seismic Isolation of Gas Tanks Using Seismic Isolation Systems
Authors: Bogdanova G A , Dymov E A
Published: March 2021

Some of the important issues of the modern world are associated with energy resources, namely, the search for new sources, energy conversion, use and storage of such resources. The consumption of fuel energy resources is not only the basis for the development of basic industries, but also an essential part of human life. Every year, the use of such fossil resources increases, so there is a need for long-term storage of fuel. Gasholders are used for storing gas fuel, which allow not only to store resources for a long time, but also to provide the consumer with the necessary amount of fuel. The construction of these structures can cover various areas, including areas with special construction conditions, in particular, those prone to seismic activity. Ensuring seismic protection of gasholders not only allows the safety of fuel, but also prevents environmental disasters associated with fuel spills.
Assessment of Corrosion Resistance of Asphalt Concrete with Mineral Powders from Local Raw Materials
Authors: Kopylov V E , Nikolaeva L A
Published: March 2021

The present article investigates the resistance of asphalt concrete to atmospheric corrosion. It is known that the most intense destruction of asphalt concrete surface occurs in the autumn-spring period, that is, during prolonged wetting with freeze-thaw temperature fluctuations. The presence of water in the pores of asphalt concrete leads to a weakening of structural bonds at the “cement-mineral material” phase interface. Consequently, various defects, such as crack network, corrugations, and potholes, begin to appear on the surface. Therefore, asphalt concrete must have high resistance to atmospheric corrosion in the upper layers of the pavement. The key indicators of the corrosion resistance of asphalt concrete are indicators of long-term water saturation of asphalt concrete samples and their frost resistance. It has been found that asphalt concrete containing mineral powders from natural zeolite and brown coal has increased corrosion resistance compared to traditional asphalt concrete.
Organization and Arrangement of Social Centers for Women in Challenging Situations
Authors: Trofimova T E
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this research is to justify the necessity of multidimensional women crisis center arrangement. Women in modern society are the most vulnerable to challenging situations in life. This situation is supported by the cultural patterns in the society, financial and legal insecurity of married women. The analysis of the current situation in Russia showed that there is public awareness is low and the number of crisis centers that help overcome life challenges is small in the country. Currently, there is no uniform statistical database of all persons suffering from domestic violence, no correlations found between the crisis center arrangement standards and the population size of cities. This research states and solves the following problems: studying the medical and psychological aspects of architectural solution impacts on people’s health, analyzing crisis center arrangement from the point of view of sociology, studying the experience of Russian and foreign crisis center designs, inspecting the existing center premises, determining their pluses and minuses in operation, analyzing various social center layout options. Based on the performed analysis of the experimental project, the authors formulated the basic principles for crisis center design. First of all, it is necessary to determine the current demand for the center’s services in the city, as well as center funding opportunities. The preferred option shall be multidimensional centers with temporary accommodation functions. The center territory must be divided into private rest zones and public areas, and the visitors must be classified depending on the purpose of their visit, e.g. consultations or classes. There must be separate rooms for center residents and the employees. Creating a positive living environment - the architecture of center buildings must be in harmony with the surrounding area, and the interiors must use balanced, non-aggressive forms and green plants to reduce visitors’ stress levels. Mobility-impaired people must have easy access to the crisis center premises by installing special equipment for visitors with disabilities. The research confirmed that it is necessary to establish multidimensional help centers for women in challenging situations and demonstrated the importance of developing universal principles for architectural and planning solutions used in such centers. This article is the first one in a series of crisis center research aimed at the study of the impact of architectural solutions on the health and psychological state of women in challenging situations.
A New Approach to Identifying Top-Priority Step for Increasing the Building Materials Competitiveness
Authors: Akulova I , Slavcheva G
Published: March 2021

The problem of development the competitiveness of building products in the condition of limited financial resources is discussed. It has been proposed a new methodological approach that allows manufacturers to determine the priority direction of development of product quality while they maintains or slightly increases the selling price of products. The new methodological approach is based on a few steps including assessment of the properties significance for the consumers through an individual survey of experts and calculation of a consumer r property significance ratio; the formation of the virtual standard-product parameters; calculation of the relative Single Quality Score for every property which based on comparison the actual property of product with property of virtual standard-product. The identification of this priority direction of the product’s development should be carried out on the basis of an internal audit of the industrial company. The results of the audit would determine the reserves of improving technology parameters and product quality. As a result of the identified internal reserves, top management of an industrial company can operate a plan to improve product’s quality, the implementation a schedule of this plan should be built on a parallel-sequential principle.
Accounting Method of the Spatial Shape of the Cross Section of URM Walls in the Analysis of Stiffness Under the Action of Horizontal Seismic Loads
Authors: Kabantsev O V , Simakov O A
Published: March 2021

The working of buildings with load-bearing walls made of masonry has a significant difference from the working of buildings made of monolithic and precast concrete: the degree of damage, coefficient of variation, and overall stiffness differ. One of the most difficult issues in calculating load-bearing masonry structures for seismic impacts is determining the relative shear deformations of walls of rigid stone buildings. The calculation of these deformations on a straight line depends on the cross – section shape coefficient-a coefficient that takes into account the influence of uneven tangential stresses on the deformation of the bent element. This article presents the results of analytical studies of the dependencies of the cross-section shape coefficient. In conclusion, we present an analytical method for determining this coefficient, which allows us to determine the rigidity of a wall structure of any shape with a sufficient level of accuracy and, as a result, adequately take into account the shear forces in the vertical joints of the wall interface.
BIM-technologies Applied for Designing a Complex Shape of the Building
Authors: Vasilyev A S , Plehanova E A , Boychin R E
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine BIM technologies for engineering and design of modern buildings, as well as investigate problems when applying those BIM technologies and suggest the appropriate ways to rectify them. The researchers designed the university building in their study. They took into account current regulations and ergonomic decisions. The design was carried out based on the Building Informational Model (BIM) technologies by the Revit Structure software. There is already information concerning physical and heat-mechanical properties of materials contained in the software. This technology allows one to step up progress on the designer’s work, lets him create a design model of the building not from scratch, as well as sets the properties of its elements. The university information model is a four-storeyed rectangular building deformed on four sides in the form of a concave lens. This research is devoted to the use of building information modelling and BIM technologies for the design of the genuine architectural and construction concept. Although, they had special difficulty with the import of the information model obtained in Revit Structure into a LIRA SAPR computational scheme.
Computation of Core Floor Slabs of Different Length
Authors: Vasilyev A S , Zemlyak V L , Plehanova E A
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this research is to study what the crosscurrent representation format of core slabs is for samples of different length, by investigating the effect of the above factors on the load-bearing and stress-related properties, as well as the cracking load. The authors examined samples of slabs of different length, freestanding and working in bending, with a cross-section in a natural form, in comparison with samples of similar length in an I-beam shape. The samples were systematically loaded an interval of one kN until the yield point of reinforcement in the tension area was reached. The authors completed a numerical study of core slabs in a nonlinear setting. The researchers designed load-deflection plots when modeling the corresponding lengths of samples with a natural and I-beam form of section. The scholars received and compared results with loading of the cracked condition, midspan deflections with a rupturing load. They found out that the length of the slab affects the calculation results of the shapes issued: the shorter the length, the more highlighted deviation in the load-deflection plots. The authors suggested correction coefficients to perform a refined calculation of slabs for cracking, deflection, and rupturing loads.
Development of Promising Technology for Manufacturing Parts of Gas Turbine Engines
Authors: Vdovin R A
Published: March 2021

This article discusses the results of the development of a promising technology for manufacturing parts of gas turbine engines. First of all, this technology is promising due to the use of the PolygonSoft system utilized for computer modeling of casting processes, which made it possible to evaluate the efficiency of the gating and feeding system, as well as to predict the appearance of casting defects (porosity and macrostructure discrepancies) and to develop a set of measures for their detection and elimination; second of all, due to the use of rapid prototyping which employs 3D printing of the master model, thus reducing the time and financial costs for the preparation of technological equipment. According to preliminary estimates, the use of rapid prototyping has reduced the cost of manufacturing 250 wax models by 15% in comparison with the traditional technology, and also reduced time costs by an average of 5-6 months.
Influence of the Methods of the Component Activation of Polymer Composites Based on Polytetrafluoroethylene and Carbon Fiber on the Operational Properties
Authors: Markova M A , Petrova P N
Published: March 2021

The article presents the dependence of the physical-mechanical and tribological characteristics on the manufacturing technology of polymer composite materials based on PTFE of PN grade and carbon fibers of UVIS-AK-P brand produced by OOO UVIKOM. Modification of polytetrafluoroethylene with a carbon filler provides low friction coefficient, and the wear resistance of composites increases by 77–2024 times in comparison with an unfilled polymer. The technological method of introducing filler through a concentrate applied in the present work has resulted in an improvement of the operational characteristics of composite materials compared to the initial polymer. Various technological approaches based on the methods of joint mechanical-chemical activation of components and milling of a polymer mixture, which contribute to an increase in operational characteristics, have been considered. The dependence of the operational properties of composite materials on the amount of filler in the polymer mass has been analyzed.
Technology of Manufacturing Small Piece Construction Materials Using Ice and Snow
Authors: Popov S N , Burenina O N , Andreeva A V , Savvinova M E
Published: March 2021

In the study, we present the technologies for manufacturing ice and snow blocks, the strength characteristics of which are sufficient for the construction of temporary low-rise structures (warehouses, garages, hangars, caponiers, and others). A technological feature of manufacturing blocks is the possibility to produce them without using specialized equipment. The technological modes of molding blocks and their thermal-physical and strength characteristics are determined. The blocks and a model of a single-story building with 3×4.2×2.3 m dimensions were tested on resistance to warming in the spring period. The results have revealed the possibility of a wide application of the proposed technologies in the North and the Arctic.
Integration Approach of BIM and GIS in Forming of the Upper Kama Architecture Database
Authors: Semina A E , Maksimova S V
Published: March 2021

The article address the issue of three-dimentional and spatial data integration applied to architectural heritage. Integrated approach of BIM and GIS models allow BIM models not to be limited in the description of buildings but also describe interactions of the object and surrounded environment, contributing to the management of the urban environment in an interoperable way. In this paper proposed the approach of division investigating objects on several scales. Movement from regional scaled data till building scaled data allows considering architectural monuments on every stage of the persistence. This approach described at the case study of surveying Upper Kama region. For this territory were identified several types of the environment. Within every of this types the morphology of architecture is described. All obtained data was divided considering scales and usage of BIM or GIS, or integrated models. Creation of certain model depends on analytical tasks. Such ways of the heritage digitization is a basis for future work on physical or virtual restoration.
Non-Canonic Representation of the Random Process in Tasks of Simulating Seismic Impacts for Calculating Buildings and Structures
Authors: Yerzhanov S Y , Lapin V A
Published: March 2021

The seismic impact model is analyzed as a combination of simple functions with random parameters. A random process simulating seismic impact is defined by a simple non-canonical representation. A method for generating artificial accelerograms of local earthquakes is proposed, based on the representation of the correlation function as the sum of cosine-exponential terms. The approximation parameters of the correlation function were determined earlier based on the least squares method using the MATLAB package using nonlinear approximation methods. As a quality criterion, the initial and generated spectral curves coincide. Samples of random process realizations from 20 to 10,000 realizations (artificial accelerograms) are used. Algorithms are simply implemented in modern computer mathematics systems MATLAB, SCILAB. The mathematical model of the accelerogram of the earthquake in El Centro, 1940 is also considered. The area of application of the algorithms is calculations using Eurocode 8 and ISO 2394, ISO 8930 standards, including using probabilistic methods, determining the reliability of buildings and structures based on the statistical test method.
Nanotoxicological Aspects of Post-Ischemic Myocardium Reconstruction
Authors: Beliaeva S A , Stelmashenko A I , Slepchenko G B
Published: March 2021

Selenium (Se) is an essential atom in living organisms but some aspects of its metabolism and function remain unknown. Se large deficiencies cause significant disturbances of cardiovascular system and left ventricle (LV) fibrosis. The studies are needed to characterize the significance of Se in post-infarct LV dysfunction and postoperative remodeling. In Tomsk region, the level of Se in hair of healthy people and in myocardium of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy was not changed. Chemical analysis of hair samples and myocardium of LV for Se content was based on a stripping voltammetry for determining the mass concentrations of this microelement. Nevertheless, a significant number of cardiac surgical patients showed a negative dynamics of postoperative LV myocardial remodeling with progression of heart failure. We obtained preliminary results on the direct relationship between favorable outcomes of postoperative adaptive myocardial remodeling (AR) and maladaptive myocardial remodeling (MALR) with variations in Se concentrations in the myocardium. At the same time, there were 84 % of cases with abnormal postoperative MALR of LV in the presence of extremely high (toxic) Se content in the myocardium. Further in-depth studies are required to translate novel data from the laboratory bench to the clinics.
Examining Beam Oscillations in the Space of Technogenic and Seismic Impact Parameters (Part I)
Authors: Kulterbayev Kh P , Oshkhunov M M , Baragunova L A , Kabzhikhov A A , Bulanov S G
Published: March 2021

Free transverse oscillations of a compressed beam carrying two evenly distributed loads and two discrete masses in the span are studied. The mathematical model of oscillations is presented as a boundary value problem from the basic equation in hyperbolic partial derivatives of the fourth order in spatial coordinates, of second order in time, boundary conditions and block connection conditions. The technical theory of bending oscillations of rods based on Bernoulli’s hypothesis is used. We consider the spectral problem on the determination of eigenvalues, eigenmodes (Sturm-Liouville problem), which is necessary for the analysis of forced oscillations. It is argued that the solution by analytical methods is inexpedient in view of the large amount of transformations and calculations. The methods of separation of variables and finite differences are used. An algorithm of task solution has been developed and implemented in the Matlab software environment in the form of high precision graphoanalytic calculations. Practical conclusions have been made.
Optimizing the Ingredients of Functional Foods
Authors: Kiselev V M , Kiseleva T F , Zubareva E N , Petropavlovskaya A V , Lipatova L P , Afanasyev M A
Published: March 2021

Conventional diets balance the multilevel, multifaceted needs by combining a diversity of foods into a daily menu. Such diets are compensatory by their nature. To compensate for the lack of some essential nutrients in foods, the body relies on the oversupply of some foods. The resulting diet is functionally disastrous; such dietary habits result in endemic and occupational diseases. Feeding on combined foods whose functional properties have been thoroughly adjusted helps properly balance the daily menu to optimize the intake of each nutrient, thus resulting in a higher quality of life, better health, saved foods, and lesser environmental impact. To optimize the composition and quantity of ingredients by the specified criteria so that the final functional food contains the required nutrient quantities, the authors hereof apply vector combinatorics. The paper summarizes the results of many years of research; it also articulates what else could potentially be researched further.
«Roadmap» for the Development of Eco-sustainable Habitat in Architecture: Innovative Approaches
Authors: Saprykina N A , Saprykin I A
Published: March 2021

The environmental priorities of the formation of the habitat space in the context of the paradigm of sustainable development of architecture as a challenge to civilization are considered. An environmental approach has been developed in architectural and urban practice as an alternative to the formation of architectural objects. Current trends and perspectives of the environmental approach in the formation of an eco-positive habitat in the context of the use of sustainability principles in the design of energy efficient buildings have been defined. Innovative approaches to the organization of the spatial environment of the future have been revealed, integrated ecological systems of automated building management have been considered, as well as environmental techniques for the formation of architectural objects using autonomous energy supply. The concepts of sustainable architecture in the context of eco-oriented thinking have been demonstrated. Bio-tectonic concepts of the organization of spatial habitat in modern conditions, as well as prospects and strategy for the development of sustainable architecture of the future have been defined. It is proposed to consider the “road map” of urban civilization in the context of the formation of a comfortable and safe spatial habitat.
Comparison of Calculated and Experimental Air Temperature in the Basement of a Residential Building
Authors: Kononova M S , Zherlykina M N , Kononov A D
Published: March 2021

Parts of buildings that have a fence in contact with the ground have some calculation features. One of the most important tasks is to determine the calculated air temperature in the basement of a building. As a result of the analysis of normative literature, it is revealed that there is no single methodology for solving this problem. To determine the correctness of the available calculation formulas, an experiment was carried out to measure the air temperature in the basement of a residential building. Measurements were carried out during two months of the heating season in the climatic conditions of the city Voronezh. As a result of processing the measured data, the dependence of the air temperature in the basement on the outdoor air temperature was determined. The resulting dependence is linear. Theoretical calculations of the air temperature in the basement at different values of the air exchange multiplicity and outdoor air temperature were also carried out. Comparison of calculated and experimental data showed that the discrepancy is minimal at positive outdoor temperatures. When the outdoor temperature decreases, the deviation of the calculated values from the experimental ones becomes more and more significant. The dependence of the temperature difference between the temperature of the basement and the outdoor air was also studied. The type of dependence obtained allowed us to offer a simplified method for determining the calculated air temperature in the basement.
Investigation of Stress-Strain State of Edge-Column Slab Connections on Finite Element Models
Authors: Filatov V B , Galyautdinov Z Sh , Kovalenko M V
Published: March 2021

The article presents the results of numerical research on finite-element models of flat girderless floors. The influence of geometric parameters on the magnitude and ratio of force factors that occur during the operation of a flat reinforced concrete slab was studied. Force factors include the combined action of the punching force and the bending moment. The variable parameters in the study were the flexibility of the column and the size of its cross-section. The purpose of the study was to substantiate the ratio of the bending moment and the longitudinal force in the column for the development of methods for conducting experimental studies on test samples. Based on the results of the study, the influence of the column’s flexibility and the dimensions of its cross-section on the ratio of the studied force factors was established. The study made it possible to choose the best option for loading test samples. The results of the study were used to conduct experimental studies on the punching of flat reinforced concrete slabs.
The Usage of Smart Materials for Development of Rehabilitation Orthopedic Device for Plantar Fasciitis Treatment
Authors: Gorokhova N , Perepelkina S , Sundkvist I
Published: March 2021

This article demonstrates the initial research results, related to the construction of rehabilitation orthopedic device for plantar fasciitis treatment. The results include the calculations of the pressure distribution, considering the human weight and individual gait peculiarities. Three calculation methods are considered: “theoretical” calculation, using the anatomical proportions of load distribution in human foot, empirical calculation, using weights coefficients and human weight distributions, and experimental calculation, using specific medical equipment. the Moreover, this article covers the usage of specific smart materials which can be implemented in the insole construction process. Each smart material has particular properties, considered in the functionality of the insole during the construction.
Effect of Nano-Aluminum Component on the Cement Properties
Authors: Kozlova I V , Zemskova O V , Semenov V S , Stepina I V
Published: March 2021

The possibility of using a nano-aluminum component in the cement composition has been considered. To ensure uniform distribution of the nano-aluminum component throughout the cement matrix, its suspension was stabilized using a sulfonaphthalene formaldehyde-based plasticizer and acoustic cavitation. It has been established that the nano-Al2O3 suspension is best stabilized when adding a plasticizer in an amount of 3-5 g/l and after an acoustic exposure at the optimal dispersion parameters: dispersion temperature–25±2 °C (the process is thermostated); dispersion time–20 minutes; and oscillation frequency-44 kHz. The study has shown that the compositions modified with a nano-aluminum component have improved strength and structural properties. On the first day of hardening, the compressive strength of the modified specimens increased by 20-24 % and at the grade age–by 31-35 % compared to the reference one. Introducing the stabilized nano-Al2O3 particles reduces the porosity for the first day of hardening by 12-13 % and at the grade age–by 27-29 %. It is recommended to add a nano-aluminum component as a stabilized suspension in an amount of 0.5-1.0 g/l to the cement composition.