bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Silicon Carbide Micropillar Arrays from Polycarbosilanes
Authors: Jang Yeon‐Suk , Zollfrank Cordt , Jank Michael , Greil Peter
Published: August 2010

Periodic patterns of silicon carbide (SiC) micropillars of 18 μm in length and 2 μm in diameter with a hexagonal morphology and an areal number density of micropillars of 6 × 104 mm−2 were fabricated from a mixture of two different polycarbosilane ceramic precursors. The polycarbosilanes (PCS) were molded into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micromolds processed from a silicon wafer master. After cross‐linking between 200° and 400°C, debonding from the elastomeric PDMS mold yielded freestanding structures of PCS micropillars. Due to the low stiffness of cross‐linked PCS (E∼2.5 GPa), surface adhesion forces might result in the deformation of the micropillars into ordered domains. The PCS micropillar arrays were pyrolyzed in inert atmosphere at 900° and 1500°C to yield amorphous and nanocrystalline SiC (β‐SiC) with crystallite sizes in the range of tenths of micrometers, respectively. The formation of domains due to instability of micropillars with a high aspect ratio might be of specific interest for electrical engineering and catalytic applications.
Hidradenitis suppurativa (or Acne inversa) with autosomal dominant inheritance is not linked to chromosome 1p21.1‐1q25.3 region
Authors: Saleh Al‐Ali Faiza Mohamed , Ratnamala Uppala , Mehta Timir Y. , Naveed Mohammad , Al‐Ali Mahmoud T. , Al‐Khaja Najib , Sheth Jayesh J. , Master Dilipkumar C. , Maiti Amit K. , Chetan Ghati K. , Nath Swapan K. , Radhakrishna Uppala
Published: August 2010

Please cite this paper as: Hidradenitis suppurativa (or Acne inversa) with autosomal dominant inheritance is not linked to chromosome 1p21.1‐1q25.3 region. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 851–853.

Abstract:  Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by swollen, painful, inflamed lesions in the axillae, groin, armpits and other parts of the body that contain apocrine glands. The aetiology of HS is unknown, and earlier reports indicate genetic locus responsible for this phenotype on chromosome 1p21.1‐1q25.3, but no causative gene(s) have yet been identified. We studied two large multigeneration pedigrees (UR251 and UR252), in which the condition appeared to segregate as an autosomal dominant trait with 100% penetrance. No skipping of generations was observed in either family. Pedigrees consist of 96 individuals, including 25 affected individuals. Because of squamous cell carcinoma, a few deaths were reported in family UR0251. The locus on chromosome 1p21.1‐1p25.3, known from previous studies is associated with HS, was excluded in both families by linkage and haplotype analyses. Further studies are in progress to identify the region that is associated with the phenotype in these families.
Effects of sangre de drago in an in vitro model of cutaneous neurogenic inflammation
Authors: Pereira Ulysse , Garcia‐Le Gal Caridad , Le Gal Grégoire , Boulais Nicholas , Lebonvallet Nicolas , Dorange Germaine , Lefeuvre Luc , Gougerot Agnés , Misery Laurent
Published: August 2010

Please cite this paper as: Effects of sangre de drago in an in vitro model of cutaneous neurogenic inflammation. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 796–799.

Abstract:  Sangre de drago (SD) is a viscous bright red resin collected from Croton lechleri trees that grow in the South American jungle. This sap is used extensively in the native pharmacopoeia to treat skin disorders. Its effectiveness as an inhibitor of neurogenic inflammation has been recently demonstrated. To understand the underlying mechanisms of these effects, we examined the ability of SD to reduce substance P (SP) release in an in vitro model of cutaneous neurogenic inflammation (CNI). This model is based on an enzyme immunoassay of SP (an inducer of CNI) in a porcine co‐culture of dorsal root ganglion neurons and keratinocytes. After incubation with different concentrations of SD, we noted an immediate and significant dose‐dependent decrease in basal SP release, with average values of 32% at 1% SD (v/v) and 26% at 0.1% (v/v). On the other hand, pretreatment (72 or 1 h) of the co‐culture with 1% SD (v/v) was sufficient to induce a 111% (72 h) or 65% (1 h) inhibition of capsaicin‐induced SP release, while 0.1% SD (v/v) triggered a 109% (72 h) or 30% (1 h) inhibition. We conclude that sangre de drago is a potent inhibitor of CNI through direct inhibition of neuropeptide release by sensory afferent nerves.
THE INCIDENCE OF GRANULOMAS IN SERIAL SECTIONS OF RECTAL BIOPSIES FROM PATIENTS WITH CROHN's DISEASE
Authors: PETRI MICHAEL , POULSEN STEEN SEIER , CHRISTENSEN KNUD , JARNUM STIG
Published: August 2010

Serial sections were cut through the entire thickness of rectal biopsies from 39 patients with Crohn's disease, an average of 623 sections per biopsy. Granulomas, excluding foreign‐body reactions and reactions to mucin, were found in 11 (28 per cent). Analysis of the location and size of granulomas showed that cutting a limited number of sections is inadequate and that only total serial sectioning will ensure that granulomas are not overlooked.
TUMOURS IN ICELAND
Authors: PERRY STANTON B. , THÓRHALLSSON PÁLL , HALLGRÍMSSON JÓNAS
Published: August 2010

All primary tumours from the urinary bladder, ureter and urethra submitted for a histological diagnosis in Iceland during the 20 years, 1955–1974, and available for review, were typed histologically according to the World Health Organization Classification published in 1973. The series included 237 tumours, and of these 94.5 per cent were from the bladder. Transitional cell carcinomas constituted the largest group, or 120 in males and 77 in females. For transitional cell carcinomas there was a good correlation between growth patterns, grades and pathological stages. Most of the papillary carcinomas were of grades 1 and 2 and all the purely infiltrating carcinomas were of grade 3. The papillary carcinomas were predominantly superficial and the purely infiltrating were deeply invasive and the degree of cellular anaplasia increased with the depth of invasion from the lamina propria to perivesical tissue and other organs. The incidence of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is rising in Icelanders and the incidence in females is the highest reported among European nations. Industrial chemical carcinogens are an unlikely cause of bladder carcinoma in Icelanders but cigarette smoking, and a high consumption of coffee and salted food may play an important role.
GASTRIC POLYPS; THEIR MORPHOLOGICAL AND ENDOSCOPICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND RELATION TO GASTRIC CARCINOMA
Authors: LAXÉN F. , SIPPONEN P. , IHAMÄKI T. , HAKKILUOTO A. , DORTSCHEVA Z.
Published: August 2010

In 13 200 consecutive gastroscopies polyp‐like lesions were found in 454 patients and of these 425 were examined histologically. Tumours other than polyps were excluded and there remained 357 cases which were divided in four groups: adenoma (8%), hyperplastic polyp (34%), foveolar hyperplasia (21%) and inflammatory polyp (36%). Transitional forms between different groups were seen and sometimes characteristics of different polyptypes could be seen within one and same polyp. In addition, the mean age of the patients increased in order: inflammatory polyp, foveolar hyperplasia, hyperplastic polyp and adenoma, suggesting that the different groups are not separete entities but represent related stages in the morphogenesis of gastric polyps. 219 cases out of 357 patients were re‐examined endoscopically on average 2.5 years after the first examination. This examination revealed new polyps in 26% of all cases and spontaneous disappearance of the polyps in 14% of cases suggesting that gastric polyps, particularly those of the hyperplastic and inflammatory type are in a dynamically labile state. Gastric carcinoma was found in 27 (8%) of patients with polyps. In 4 of these cases the carcinoma was found at the re‐examination (which in 3 cases was performed within 0.5 and in 1 case within 1.5 year). In 14 cases carcinoma was found inside the polyps and in 6 of these carcinoma was »early« in its growth. In 13 cases carcinoma was found outside the polyps and in all of these carcinoma was »advanced«. Carcinoma was found in 38% of adenoma cases and in 5% of cases with polyps other than adenomas.
THE HISTOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF EARLY GASTRIC CANCER (MICRO‐INVASIVE CARCINOMA OF THE STOMACH)
Authors: RUBIO C. A. , SLEZAK P. , ÖHMAN U. , EMÅS S.
Published: August 2010

During a 3.5‐year period, January 1976 to June 1979, eleven cases of micro‐invasive carcinoma of the stomach (early gastric cancer) were detected in 45 gastrectomy specimens having a pre‐operative diagnosis of gastric carcinoma. The histological types found in the surgical specimens were highly differentiated (1), moderately differentiated (4), poorly differentiated (3) adenocarcinomas, one specimen had undifferentiated carcinoma, and in the remaining two cases mixed types were found. Multiple lesions were present in five spcimens. In ten of the eleven specimens, focal cystic dilatation of the deeper part of the gastric glands were found in areas overlapped by micro‐invasive carcinoma and/or in areas overlapped by mucosa showing chronic inflammation. The frequency of cystic dilatation of the gastric gland was much lower in specimens from patients with gastric or duodenal peptic ulcers. Thus, focal cystic dilatation present in negative gastric biopsies should be reported, thereby alerting the referring physician as to the possibility of a gastric malignancy.
EPIDERMAL CHANGES IN HEAT AND ELECTRICALLY INJURED PIG SKIN
Authors: THOMSEN H. K. , DANIELSEN L. , NIELSEN O. , AALUND O. , NIELSEN K. G. , KARLSMARK T. , GENEFKE I. K.
Published: August 2010

Biopsies were obtained from heat and electrically exposed pig skin at different times after exposure, in order to describe the morphological sequences in heat and electrically injured skin. The work is part of a series of studies in which it is investigated whether morphological methods can be used in disclosing electrical torture. Epidermal changes in heat lesions differed from those of electrical lesions in all experiments. Heat lesions typically showed a detached epidermis with fibrillar or granular cytoplasm. In older lesions the epidermis appeared concrete. Electrical lesions showed an attached epidermis with small defects, a white, homogeneous cytoplasm, vesicular nuclei and curled, clumped keratin. The electrical lesions were rejected at day 4 or 5. The number of characteristic morphological changes in epidermis decreased with the age of the lesions. It is concluded that epidermal electrical lesions differ in morphology from heat lesions and that it is possible to evaluate the age of the lesions.
ALVEOLAR RHABDOMYOSARCOMA: A CYTOGENETIC AND CORRELATED CYTOLOGICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL STUDY
Authors: SEIDAL T. , MARK J. , HAGMAR B. , ANGERVALL L.
Published: August 2010

A correlative, histologic and cytologic study of seven cases of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma and chromosome analysis using the G‐banding technique (in case 1) is presented. The histologic pattern was characterized by pseudo‐alveolar structures, separated by fibrous septa. Primitive, dark, round cells predominated, but differentiated rhabdomyoblasts were found in all cases, and so were multi‐nucleated giant cells. Unequivocal cross striation was seen in two cases. Cytologically, the tumors were highly cellular and small, undifferentiated tumor cells predominated. Large polymorphous, sometimes multinucleated, cells often with an elongated cytoplasm and eccentric nucleus were observed in all cases. The cell‐types found could be well correlated to those identified in the histologic sections. The cytogenetic study revealed a karyotype profile, showing three 2q markers and only one chromosome type No. 13. The observations are different from the karyotype profile of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. However, further studies are necessary to elucidate this question.
CAPILLAROSCLEROSIS OF THE URINARY TRACT ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF PARACETAMOL AND CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE
Authors: Karttunen Tuomo , Autio‐Harmainen Helena , Sutinen Seppo
Published: August 2010

Two cases of capillarosclerosis of mucosal capillaries in the lower urinary tract were found in a material of 98 unselected hospital autopsies in northern Finland. A role for paracetamol in one and cyclophosphamide in the other in the pathogenesis of capillarosclerosis is suggested.
CARCINO‐EMBRYONIC ANTIGEN (CEA) IN GASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMAS
Authors: NIELSEN KARSTEN , TEGLBJÆRG PETER STUBBE
Published: August 2010

The presence of carcino‐embryonic antigen (CEA) was studied in 92 consecutive cases of gastric adenocarcinoma, using the two‐layer conjugated immunoperoxidase technique. Three characteristic patterns of CEA localization were identified. Type I: Intracytoplasmatic granules covering the entire cytoplasm of the malignant cells. Type II. Linear or granular deposits along the glycocalyx or in the apical cytoplasm of the malignant cells. Type III: Tumour cells negative for CEA or only showing a very weak reaction in a few cells. These CEA patterns were significantly related to the histogenetic classification of gastric adenocarcinomas proposed by Mulligan & Rember. The majority of the »mucus cell carcinomas« showed the type I CEA pattern. »Intestinal cell carcinomas« predominantly showed the type II CEA pattern and the »pylero‐cardiac gland carcinomas« the type III CEA pattern. The significance of the CEA patterns in respect of the histogenetic classification is discussed.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL SUBGROUPING OF WHO II UROTHELIAL NEOPLASMS BY CYTOPHOTOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS OF NUCLEAR ATYPIA
Authors: HERDER A. , BJELKENKRANTZ K. , GRÖNTOFT O.
Published: August 2010

The grade of nuclear atypia was objectively assessed in 21 cases of non‐invasive WHO II transitional cell bladder neoplasm. Measurements were performed by stage scanning absorbance cytophotometry, registering nuclear optical density, nuclear area, and the variability of these two factors, in 5 μm thick Feulgen‐stained paraffin sections. The material was subgrouped into a 2‐ and a 2+ group according to the degree of histopathological atypia. Cytophotometrically determined atypia showed close correlation to the subjectively judged atypia, and there was no overlap between 2‐ and 2+. A difference in tumour ploidy level between different WHO II tumours is the most likely explanation of the grouping recorded.
VITAMIN‐D‐INDUCED HYPERCALCAEMIA AND ITS EFFECT ON SERUM GASTRIN, GASTRIN CELLS AND ANTRAL GASTRIN IN PARATHYROIDECTOMIZED RATS
Authors: SELKING Ö. , GRIMELIUS L. , JOHANSSON H. , JUNTTI‐BERGGREN L. , LUNDQVIST G.
Published: August 2010

Nineteen rats were parathyroidectomized by electrocauterization, resulting in pronounced hypocalcaemia. Seven of these rats were then given vitamin D3 in a dose causing hypercalcaemia, while 7 received a dose which normalized serum calcium and 5 received no vitamin D. Ten further animals were sham‐operated and were not given any extra vitamin D. The experimental period was 16 weeks. No significant differences in serum gastrin values were found between the different groups. Quantitative studies of the antral gastrin cells showed no difference in the number of gastrin cells per unit volume or unit segment between the different groups of vitamin‐D‐treated animals and sham‐operated animals. However, the number of gastrin cells per unit segment was significantly higher in the hypocalcaemic animals than in the sham‐operated animals, as a result of an increase in mucosal thickness. The amount of antral mucosal gastrin did not differ between the different groups. Thus the results of this study indicate that experimentally induced hypercalcaemia in parathyroidectomized rats does not influence the serum gastrin, the number of gastrin cells or antral gastrin.
IMMUNO‐HISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION OF TISSUE POLYPEPTIDE ANTIGEN (TPA) AND CARCINO‐EMBRYONIC ANTIGEN (CEA) IN BREAST CANCER
Authors: BJÖRKLUND VIVEKA , BJÖRKLUND BERTIL , WITTEKIND CHRISTIAN , VON KLEIST SABINE
Published: August 2010

The presence of Tissue Polypeptide Antigen (TPA) and Carcino‐embryonic Antigen (CEA) in serial sections of 32 breast carcinomas and one case of neurofibrosarcoma was demonstrated by immunocytochemistry using the indirect peroxidase technique. The neurofibrosarcoma was negative for TPA and CEA. All 32 specimens of breast cancer were positive for TPA and/or CEA. In 12 cases the staining was strongly positive for both TPA and CEA. In other cases either TPA or CEA was more abundant in the tumor. The overall concordance of staining was 58%, which is in relative agreement with the correlation between values for TPA and CEA in serum from patients with breast cancer. The finding that in addition to the difference between tumors, there was a difference within tumors was interesting. This indicated that TPA and CEA may be synthesized during partly different phases of the proliferative cycle.
REDUCED GENERATION OF SUPPRESSOR CELLS IN HUMAN MIXED LYMPHOCYTE CULTURE AFTER RADIOTHERAPY
Authors: Onsrud M.
Published: August 2010

Suppressor T cells can be generated in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC), and their function is relatively resistant to irradiation in vitro. In this study the capacity to generate suppressor cells in MLC was determined before and after radiotherapy in 11 patients with endometrial cancer. After external pelvic radiotherapy with 40 Gy, the lymphocytes remaining in circulation demonstrated a lowered proliferation in MLC, and also the suppressive effect of MLC‐activated cells was reduced. After radiotherapy, ten times as many MLC‐activated cells were needed to get the same degree of suppression as before radiotherapy.
CHLAMYDIAL SERUM IgG ANTIBODIES IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE SALPINGITIS MEASURED BY AN ENZYME‐LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY
Authors: Skaug Kjell , Vik Inger Sofie Samdal , Qvigstad Erik , Ulstrup Jan C. , Jerve Fridtjof
Published: August 2010

An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of serum IgG antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis has been developed. The C. trachomatis subtype LGV‐2 was used as antigen. The ELISA was reproducible and its sensitivity and specificity compared well with that of the single‐antigen immunofluorescence test (r = 0.83). 29 (85%) of the 34 patients with acute salpingitis had chlamydial serum IgG antibodies measured by the ELISA technique. The detection level in single blood donor specimens was 30%. Among the 34 patients with acute salpingitis, 16 paired serum specimens showed a fourfold or greater rise/fall in antibody titres, and 12 of these belonged to the 19 who harboured C. trachomatis in the lower genital tract.
ADDITIONAL CORRELATIONS OF CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND IMMUNOLOGICAL SPECIFICITY AMONG CROSS‐REACTIONS OF PNEUMOCOCCI AND KLEBSIELLA
Authors: Heidelberger Michael , Dutton Guy G. S. , Eriksen Jorunn , Nimmich Wolfgang , Stirm Stephan
Published: August 2010

During the past few years, the structures have been determined of many more immunologically specific extracellular polysaccharides of the more than 80 serotypes of Klebsiella. Structures of several additional pneumococcal type‐specific polysaccharides have also been elucidated. The new information is used to check inferences made earlier and to trace new correlations between chemical structure and immunological specificity.
FACTORS INFLUENCING HUMAN POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTE CHEMILUMINESCENCE
Authors: Glette Johan , Solberg Claus Ola , Lehmann Vidar
Published: August 2010

Divalent cations (Mg2+. Ca2+) regenerated chemiluminescence (CD of zymosan‐stimulated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) abolished by 0.1 mM EGTA. Phenol red, erythrocytes and free haemoglobin reduced CL. To obtain maximal CL response, the reaction mixture should contain small amounts of protein and glucose. High protein concentrations reduced CL. The test had a pH optimum of 7.1. With respect to stability, however, the most favourable pH was 7.4. The CL response was highly temperature‐dependent, and expressed as the initial rate constant of the CL time curve it increased linearly with increasing temperatures from 20 to 37°C. Several factors influence the CL response by human PMNs and test procedures should be standardized.
POLYACRYLAMIDE MICROBEADS WITH ENTRAPPED PROTEIN A FROM S. AUREUS FOR CELL SEPARATION
Authors: Lindmark R. , Larsson E. , Nilsson K. , Sjöquist J.
Published: August 2010

A technique was developed for the identification and separation of cells according to their surface antigenic markers, based on immobilization of protein A by entrapment in polyacrylamide microbeads. This method is a further development of the previous techniques with SpA‐containing S. aureus bacteria, but has the advantage of having less unspecific binding to the cells. We show that this technique might be a useful tool for the separation of cells, exemplified by separation of cells on Petri dishes coated with a monolayer of SpA‐microbeads. The viability of separated cells was unaffected and adherent cells were easily removed by trypsin.
CYTOTOXICITY OF TEMPORARILY ADHERENT HUMAN MONONUCLEAR BLOOD CELLS:
Authors: Eggen BjØRn Magne
Published: August 2010

In monolayers of freshly isolated human mononuclear blood cells. 5–1096 of the adherent cells are non‐monocytic. These cells detach during the first day of in vitro culture. These detached cells exert high cytolytic and cytostatic activities. The detached cells were found to be mostly (90%) non‐monocytic as assessed by cell morphology studies and characterization with respect to membrane markers. The detached cells consited of 40% T‐lymphocytes. 10% B‐lymphocytes and 40% non‐T, non‐B lymphocytes. Thirty‐five percent of the cells were Fc‐receptor‐bearing cells. Following sheep red blood cell (SRBC) rosetting. the cytotoxic cells were found in the non‐SRBC‐rosetting fraction, viz. they were non‐T lymphocytes.
T LYMPHOCYTE SUBPOPULATIONS DEFINED BY MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AND FC RECEPTOR BINDING IN RELATION TO IMMUNOSUPPRESSION IN VACCINE‐INDUCED RUBELLA INFECTION
Authors: Arneborn Per , Biberfeld Gunnel , Von Stedingk Lars‐Viktor
Published: August 2010

Lymphocyte stimulation tests and determination of T lymphocyte subpopulations were undertaken before and 7–11 days after rubella vaccination of healthy subjects. The proliferatory response of blood mononuclear cells to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and purified protein derivate was suppressed after vaccination, as was also the immunoglobulin production of pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulated cultures. After removal of phagocytic cells the response to PHA was still suppressed after vaccination in most cases, but when the cultures were depleted of non‐T lymphocytes the suppression was no longer demonstrable. The proportion of T lymphocytes with receptors for the Fc part of IgG increased after vaccination, whereas there was no significant change of the T lymphocyte subpopulations identified with monoclonal antibodies directed at the suppressor/cytotoxic or helper T cell subsets.
EFFECT OF AET TREATMENT OF SHEEP ERYTHROCYTES ON THE ROSETTE TEST IN VARIOUS DISEASES
Authors: Næss Are , Nyland Harald
Published: August 2010

180 patients with neurological or infectious diseases and 90 normal controls were examined for blood T lymphocyte percentage by the standard method using rosette formation with untreated sheep erythrocytes (E) and a technique using 2‐amino‐ethyl‐thio‐isouronium bromide hydrobromide (AET)‐treated E, with fetal calf serum (FCS) in the medium. Patients with acute meningitis had a decrease and those with infections mononucleosis had an increase in T lymphocyte percentage as measured by both assays. However, patients with active MS and with cerebral tumours had a decrease in T cell percentage by the E but not by the EAET technique. The T lymphocyte percentages of the other 4 patient groups did not differ significantly from those of the controls, regardless of the technique used. In certain diseases, the use or not of AET‐treated indicator cells may thus influence the results of the rosette test.
CELL SURFACE GLYCOPROTEIN PATTERNS OF CELL LINES DERIVED FROM HUMAN SMALL CELL CARCINOMA OF THE LUNG
Authors: Bergh Jonas , Nilsson Kenneth , Cate Charles C. , PettenGill Olive S. , Sorenson George D.
Published: August 2010

The expression of major cell surface glycoproteins (sgp) of seven established human pulmonary small cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines and two autologous non‐neoplastic lymphoblastoid and fibroblastic cell lines were studied by the galactose oxidase tritiated sodiumborohydride labelling technique. The general sgp pattern of SCC cell lines was different from that of the autologous non‐malignant cell lines and the various other normal and malignant hematopoietic cells, gliomas and melanomas previously studied by the same technique, thus confirming that the sgp pattern seems to represent a molecular »fingerprin« of various human cell types. The SCC cell lines could be subdivided into two major subgroups with respect to expression of characteristic sgps. One group of lines was characterized by having prominent sgp 52000 (52 K) Dalton (D), 50 KD, 40 KD, 34 KD and 10 KD. In the other group the major sgps had apparent molecular weights of 110 KD, 75 KD and 10 KD, respectively. In addition to these common basic »group specific« sgps each SCC line expressed individually distinct sgps.
THE TUMOURIGENIC AND CARCINOGENIC EFFECT OF 12‐0‐TETRADECANOYLPHORBOL‐13‐ACETATE WHEN APPLIED TO THE SKIN OF BALB/cA AND HAIRLESS (HR/HR) MICE
Authors: Astrup Erle Grieg , Iversen Olav Hilmar
Published: August 2010

One hundred and fourteen BALB/cA and 89 hairless (hr/hr, Oslo strain) mice of both sexes were treated topically once a week on the dorsal skin for about 17 months with 18 nmol 12‐0‐tetradecanoyl‐phorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA) in 0.2 ml acetone or with 0.2 ml acetone alone, and observed for up to 24 months. At autopsy all visible lesions and selected areas from the skin, nasal cavities and a number of internal organs were examined microscopically. Only TPA‐treated animals developed epidermal tumours, i. e. squamous cell papillomas and carcinomas, which were the only tumours with a higher incidence in TPA‐treated animals than in controls. The BALB/cA mice developed more epidermal tumours than the hr/hr mice. Other tumours were: reticuloses, malignant lymphomas, lung adenomas, subcutaneous fibrosarcomas, parenchymal adenomas, hemangiomas and one angiosarcoma of the liver, intestinal adenocarcinomas and one granulosa cell tumour of the ovary. Various degrees of amyloidosis in several organs, and subcapsular fusiform cell hyperplasia in the adrenal glands, occurred in both mouse strains. Kupffer cell proliferation was more prevalent in the hr/hr mice treated with TPA than in the controls. This lesion was absent in the BALB/cA strain. Hence, TPA is a weak skin carcinogen for both BALB/cA and hr/hr mice, and multiple skin applications of the dose of TPA used do not alter the frequency of spontaneous internal tumours in these mouse strains.
STUDIES ON THE RAT LIVER FOLLOWING IRON OVERLOAD
Authors: Hultcrantz Rolf
Published: August 2010

The lysosomal vacuome of parenchymal and Kupffer cells of the liver has been shown to be involved in the storage of iron during iron overload. In order to morphologically quantify alterations in the course of this process a morphometrical analysis of liver cells and subcellular organelles (lysosomes, autophagic vacuoles, and mitochondria) has been performed. The results showed that the Kupffer cells increased in volume density (Vv) as the cells became loaded with iron whereas other cell compartments were unaffected. The volume density of Kupffer cell lysosomes was slightly increased when expressed on per cell basis. However, since the volume of the Kupffer cells increased simultaneously, the total volume of the lysosomes in these cells was increased more than 100%. Parenchymal cell lysosomal Vv increased approximately 100% following iron loading. This increase in parenchymal cell lysosomes was most pronounced in periportal cells while centrilobular cells were less affected in this respect. Both Kupffer cell Vv and lysosomal Vv in Kupffer and parenchymal cells were decreased when enhanced mobilization of iron was induced by bleeding. The results agree with the notion that the increase in Vv of the lysosomal vacuome during iron overload is due to the accumulation of iron binding storage proteins.
ELECTRO‐PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS IN CULTURED CELLULAR SPHEROIDS
Authors: Acker Helmut , Carlsson JöRgen , Stålnacke CARL‐GöRan
Published: August 2010

Human Glioma U‐118 MG and hamster V‐79‐379A spheroids were used as models of the nodular structure often seen in poorly vascularized regions of solid tumours. K+, Ca2+ activities and membrane potentials were measured in the spheroids, using microelectrodes. Both stable and peak values were obtained. All values were included in the analysis to allow an accurate estimate of the relative number of electro‐physiologically active cells at different depths in the spheroids. The relative number of active cells decreased drastically with depth although most cells in the corresponding regions looked morphologically viable. The amplitude values of potentials and K+ activities showed, however, no significant variations with depth. The Ca2+ activity varied largely between individual cells. The relative number of proliferative cells decreased with depth in the spheroids, in parallel to the decrease in the number of electro‐physiologically active cells. The results indicate that the fraction of cells, in poorly vascularized regions, having normal metabolism might be fewer than what can be estimated only on a morphological basis. Thus, the amount of cells with the capacity to contribute to growth might be overestimated when inspecting histological sections.
CNS INVOLVEMENT IN LEUKAEMIA
Authors: Bojsen‐MøLler Marie , Nielsen Johan Lanng
Published: August 2010

The central nervous system has been examined in a consecutive autopsy material of 100 adult patients with acute (N = 67) or chronic (N = 33) leukaemia. In all patients the disease was active at the time of death, infiltrating several organs, and in 45% of the cases CNS was involved. 81% of the patients with ALL had leukaemic infiltrates in CNS, and in the total AML group they were seen in 46% (P<0.05). A comparison between the subtypes of the AML group revealed CNS involvement in 39% of M1+ M2 and in 69% of M4+ M5 (P<0.05). Only in a single case of CML was the central nervous system affected, whereas 8 of 16 patients with CLL had CNS involvement. Furthermore, other pathological findings such as haemorrhages and infarcts were registered at the time of death in 33% of all patients. Terminal neurological symptoms could be ascribed either to leukaemia, other CNS pathology or a combination of both. The rate of CNS involvement is higher than reported in similar studies, and it is supposed that this may partly be ascribed to the inclusion of the spinal cord in this investigation.
β‐2‐MICROGLOBULIN IN PRIMORDIAL AND DIFFERENTIATED BASOCELLULAR CARCINOMAS AND BASOSQUAMOUS CARCINOMAS
Authors: Kallioinen Matti , Dammert Kai
Published: August 2010

27 cases of basocellular carcinomas and basosquamous carcinomas of the skin were classified into primordial and differentiated basocellular carcinomas and basosquamous carcinomas and stained for β‐2‐microglobulin using the immunoperoxidase technique. All the differentiated basocellular carcinomas and some of the basosquamous carcinomas contained β‐2‐microglobulin, but none was found in the primordial basocellular carcinomas. Staining of basal cell tumors for β‐2‐microglobulin may be helpful in interpreting adnexoid and epidermoid differentiation in skin tumors.
RELATION BETWEEN MUCOUS CELLS AND LYMPHOID TISSUE IN RAT INTRAPULMONARY AIRWAYS
Authors: Nygren HåKan , Ahlstedt Staffan
Published: August 2010

The distribution of mucous cells in rat intrapulmonary airways was investigated by conventional light microscopic technique. A striking association was found between differentiation of epithelial mucous cells and accumulation of lymphoid tissue in the lamina propria of bronchioli. Nodular accumulations of lymphoid tissue, covered by a lymphoepithelium, as well as differentiation of mucous cells, increased with age. This normal development was accelerated in rats exposed to aerosolized ovalbumin.
D‐PENICILLAMINE‐INDUCED ANGIOPATHY IN RATS
Authors: Jensen B. A. , Chemnitz J. , Christensen B. C. , Junker P. , Lorenzen I.
Published: August 2010

Male Sprague‐Dawley rats were treated with D‐penicillamine (D‐pen) 500 mg/kg/day for 10 or 42 days. Pair fed rats served as controls. Changes in aortic morphology were examined by light‐ and transmission‐electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, the endothelial permeability and the penetration through the aortic wall of albumin were studied 10 minutes, 24 and 48 hours after i. v. injection of human serum 131I‐albumin (131I‐HSA). TEM revealed extensive elastolysis in the arterial wall of D‐pen‐treated rats, consistent with an inhibitory effect on crosslink formation. In experimental animals excess deposition of collagen and glycoaminoglycans was observed in the subendothelial and medial layer of the aortic wall, together with prominent basal membrane substance around aortic smooth muscle cells. The aorta/serum‐ratio and the radioactive build‐up 24 and 48 hours after injection of 131I‐HSA was reduced in animals treated with D‐pen for 42 days, indicating an impeded transmural transport of tracer which may be caused by a steric exclusion effect of abundant hyaluronate. The endothelial ultrastructure was unaffected by D‐pen, and no differences in aortic 131I‐HSA radioactivity or aorta/serum‐ratio were recorded between experimental and control groups 10 minutes after tracer injection, indicating that the permeability of the endothelial barrier to albumin remained unaffected by D‐pen treatment. These observations support the hypothesis that treatment with high doses of D‐pen may induce a fibroproliferative response in rat aorta, possibly by an inhibitory effect on the cross‐linking of collagen and elastin.
ETHANOL‐INDUCED CHANGES OF GRANULAR ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM IN HEPATOCYTES OF MINI‐PIG FOETUSES
Authors: RøMert P. , Matthiessen M. E.
Published: August 2010

The present study describes the occurrence of oblong or oval membranous aggregations of the endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes from half‐term mini‐pig foetuses, whose mothers in addition to their ordinary sufficient fodder have been given ethanol in amounts comparable to those consumed by human alcoholics. The structure of the aggregations and their relation to the granular endoplasmic reticulum indicate that they represent a change of the granular endoplasmic reticulum, induced by ethanol. The oval aggregations show resemblances to concentric lamellar bodies described in hepatocytes altered by disease or by experimental procedures not involving ethanol. It is concluded that the change of granular endoplasmic reticulum is probably a sign of an injurious effect of ethanol on the foetal hepatocyte.
CORRELATION OF IMMUNOPHENOTYPE TO MORPHOLOGY IN UNFAVOURABLE NON‐HODGKIN LYMPHOMA
Authors: Christensson Birger , Lindemalm Christina , Johansson Bo , Mellstedt HåKan , öST åKE , Biberfeld Peter
Published: August 2010

The relationship between immunological markers and histology according to the Kiel classification was studied in 40 adult non‐Hodgkin lymphoma patients of Rappaport unfavourable histology. The membrane‐associated and cytoplasmic Ig as well as receptors for sheep erythrocytes, Fcγ and C3d receptors were analyzed on cryostate sections and in suspension. In some cases, a more precise immunophenotype was achieved by the use of monoclonal antibodies detecting different T and B cell antigens. Eighty‐eight per cent of the lymphomas had B‐cell, five per cent T cell and 7 per cent non‐B/ non‐T cell phenotypes. All CBCC and CC lymphomas expressed monotypic Ig, but only 66 per cent of the CB lymphomas. Thus, morphology alone did not consistently predict immunophenotype in large‐cell lymphomas. A simultaneous expression of multiple heavy chains and cytoplasmic Ig was found in some lymphomas, suggesting an intratumoral differentiation. The nodular or irregular tissue distribution patterns for Ig and C3d receptors found in histologically diffuse follicle derived lymphomas also suggest intratumoral variations in the marker expression, probably related to differentiation. The results suggest that lymphoma immunophenotype is important in obtaining a definite diagnosis in large‐cell lymphomas and that it may lead to a better understanding of the differentiation of lymphomas of low‐grade malignancy.
IDENTIFICATION OF HUMAN CONNECTIVE TISSUE IN TRANSPLANTS OF HUMAN ORAL MUCOSA IN NUDE MICE
Authors: HOLMSTRUP P. , HANSEN I. L. , HARDER F. , DABELSTEEN E.
Published: August 2010

The present study describes a method for identification of connective tissue of human oral mucosal transplants in nude mice. The method was based on the development of a murine antiserum to human fibroblasts. After absorption with murine fibroblasts the antiserum in an immunofluorescence method appeared to react specifically with human connective tissue of frozen sections, whereas the antiserum did not react with murine connective tissue. The antiserum, applied to frozen sections of human oral mucosal transplants in nude mice, could distinguish between human and murine connective tissue in the sections. The ability to distinguish between the two types of tissue was utilized to elucidate a possible relation between epithelial morphology and underlying type of connective tissue. It was found that the formation of rete ridges of transplanted human oral epithelium was dependent on the presence of subepithelial human connective tissue. The method described may be useful for the recognition of human tissue in experimental studies of human transplants to other species.
NASAL POLYPS WITH ATYPICAL STROMA CELLS: A PSEUDOSARCOMATOUS LESION
Authors: KINDBLOM LARS‐GUNNAR , ANGERVALL LENNART
Published: August 2010

A case of nasal polyposis with stroma cell atypia in a 33‐year‐old man is reported. The light microscopic appearance made a rhabdomyosarcoma strongly suspected because of the presence of polymorphous, acidophilic, rhabdomyoblast‐like cells. The clinical course was that of an ordinary recurring inflammatory nasal polyp. The ultrastructural and immunohistochemical analysis showed the fibroblastic and histiocytic nature of the atypical cells as being of a probably reactive nature. The reported case illustrates the value of electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry in the evaluation of the true type and nature of atypical mesenchymal cells in pseudosarcomatous lesions.
THE ROLE OF CHRONIC NON‐SPECIFIC INFLAMMATORY LESIONS OF THE PLACENTA IN INTRA‐UTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION
Authors: BJØRO K. , MYHRE E.
Published: August 2010

Placentae from 108 cases of intra‐uterine growth retardation (IUGR) were examined microscopically with special emphasis on the occurrence of chronic non‐specific inflammatory lesions. Sixteen cases (14.8%) showed severe villitis (SV) while 15 (13.8%) showed moderate villitis (MV). The SV‐cases seemed to be more severely growth retarded, while no differences in the growth patterns appeared. A greater part of the SV‐cases than of those with moderate or no villitis were cases without maternal or fetal causes for the growth retardation. The placental weight and placental index were higher in the cases with severe villitis. A mixture of lymphocytes and histiocytes was the most common finding among the placentae with villitis. Six cases of umbilical cord thrombangitis were registered, the majority of these being associated with villitis. The present findings suggest an association between intrauterine growth retardation and villitis of unknown etiology.
POST‐ISCHEMIC CALCIFICATION IN SKELETAL MUSCLE
Authors: JENNISCHE EVA
Published: August 2010

The extent of post‐ischemic calcification in skeletal muscle was studied in rats subjected to 5.5 h of ischemia followed by periods of reperfusion ranging from 30 min to 16 h. Sections from the tibialis posterior and soleus muscle were stained with alizarin red S (ARS) and were inspected with light microscopy. The number of ARS‐positive cells increased during the first 5 h of reperfusion. The extent of calcification varied between fibers and the pattern of calcification appeared to be dependent on fiber type. In some fast glycogenolytic fibers (FG) central calcifications, probably representing mitochondria, were observed. In fast oxidative glycogenolytic (FOG) and slow oxidative (SO) fibers the most common pattern was an ARS‐positive granulation, probably representing calcification of sarcoplasmic reticulum and/or mitochondria. The granulation was more extensive in FOG than in SO fibers. In some areas extracellular ARS‐positive material was observed. In such areas, which probably represent areas of no‐reflow, no calcification of muscle fibers was observed.
THE JUNCTION ZONE OF HUMAN EPITHELIUM AND FOREIGN STROMA
Authors: HOLMSTRUP PALLE , ANDERSEN LIS , HARDER FLEMMING
Published: August 2010

This study describes Ultrastructural features of epithelial‐stromal junction of human buccal and palatal mucosal transplants and their outgrowths in nude mice. The investigation included transplant epithelium overlying human connective tissue in 27 cases, epithelial outgrowth formed over murine connective tissue in 33 cases, and over Millipore filter in 12 cases. The epithelial‐stromal junction of the transplants differed from the normal state only in the presence of lamina densa loops projecting into the connective tissue and in lamina densa interruptions and duplications. In contrast the epithelial outgrowths demonstrated flattening of epithelial basal cells, lack of proximal epithelial cell projections, lack of complete hemidesmosome complexes, lack of distinct lamina densa, and lack of anchoring fibrils. It is suggested that these changes may be due to lack of necessary interaction between the human epithelium and the foreign stroma.
IMMUNOELECTRON MICROSCOPIC LOCALIZATION OF IMMUNE DEPOSITS IN IgA GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
Authors: LAASONEN ANTERO , RANTALA IMMO , MUSTONEN JUKKA , PASTERNACK AMOS
Published: August 2010

Renal biopsy specimens obtained from twelve patients with IgA glomerulonephritis (IgA GN) were studied by immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) concomitantly with light microscopy (LM), immunofluorescence microscopy (IF), and electron microscopy (EM). For IEM, we used horseradish peroxidase(HRP)‐conjugated antisera to human immunoglobulins (Ig) and to the complement component C3, and a diffusion technique with periodate‐lysine‐paraformaldehyde (PLP)‐fixed tissue‐chopper or cryostat sections. Due to well‐preserved ultrastructure and good penetration of the antisera in the tissue‐chopper sections, a detailed analysis of the distribution of immune material in the glomeruli was possible. In cryostat sections, ice crystal artifacts could not be avoided. The typical features of IgA GN could be reliably confirmed by IEM. Furthermore, IEM revealed the presence of Ig's and C3 in mesangial channels, in the intracellular vacuoles of glomerular cells, and in the electron‐lucent areas along the glomerular basement membranes (GBMs). Staining of the mesangial channels indicates that they represent a route for the immune material gaining access into the mesangium. Intracellular vacuoles suggest that the deposited immune material can be partly eliminated through endocytosis by glomerular cells. The presence of Ig's and C3 in the electron‐lucent areas supplies an explanation to the discrepancy sometimes observed between a positive finding in IF and a lack of deposits in EM.
FIBROMA OF TENDON SHEATH
Authors: LUNDGREN LARS G. , KINDBLOM LARS‐GUNNAR
Published: August 2010

The clinical picture, the light and electron microscopic appearance, and the histochemical findings are described in six cases of fibroma of tendon sheath. The ages at onset for the four men and two women range between 16 and 54 years. The lesions were well circumscribed, rounded or oval, and had a diameter of about 1 cm. Light‐microscopically the lesions consisted of a dense fibrocollagenous tissue with a variable degree of collagenization and cellularity, the peripheral zone often being most cellular and containing slit‐like vascular spaces. Electron‐microscopically two main cell types were identified: myofibroblasts and fibroblasts, the former dominating in cellular areas, the latter dominating in collagenized areas. The histochemical analysis indicated the presence of sulphated glucosaminoglycans within the collagenous matrix. Immunoperoxidase staining for factor VIII RAG‐related antigen gave prominence to the endothelium of capillary‐like blood vessels. The differential diagnosis against giant cell tumor of tendon sheath is discussed. The observations indicate that fibroma of tendon sheath is a distinct entity of probable reactive, non‐neoplastic nature.
ACCUMULATION OF IgG AND COMPLEMENT FACTOR C3 IN HUMAN ARTERIAL ENDOTHELIUM AND ATHEROSCLEROTIC LESIONS
Authors: HANSSON GÖRAN K. , HOLM JAN , KRAL JOHN G.
Published: August 2010

Endothelial injury is associated with an intracellular accumulation of IgG. Fluorescent antibodies were used to detect IgG and complement factor C3 in biopsies of human arteries. Both proteins were found in endothelial cells with signs of injury, in normal and atherosclerotic arteries. Rhodamine‐conjugated anti‐IgG and FITC‐conjugated anti‐C3 were used to count the number of IgG‐ and CS‐containing endothelial cells in non‐atherosclerotic cystic arteries. IgG was found in 26% of the cells, with C3 in 38% of the IgG‐containing cells. Both IgG and C3 were also observed in the subendothelial intima of cystic arteries and in atherosclerotic lesions of iliac and femoral arteries. The accumulation of IgG and C3 in injured endothelium and in atherosclerotic lesions could be of importance for complement‐mediated tissue destruction and for the attraction and activation of white blood cells.
DNA FLOW CYTOMETRY IN PRIMARY BREAST CARCINOMA
Authors: FOSSÅ S. D. , THORUD E. , SHOAIB M. C. , PETTERSEN E. O. , HØIE J. , KNUDSEN O. SCOTT
Published: August 2010

DNA Flow cytometric values were recorded in 66 primary breast carcinomas. Twenty‐six tumors were found to be diploid whereas 40 were non‐diploid. About 10% of the cells belonged to the S‐phase fraction. Non‐diploid tumors had significantly larger S‐cell fractions (> 10%) than diploid ones. High tumor ploidy correlated positively with high clinical stage (stage 1 versus stage > II) and with high histological grade but was unrelated to estrogen‐receptor content and menopausal status.
Invasiveness of Salmonella Typhimurium in HEp‐2 Cell Cultures Pretreated With Uv‐Inactivated Coxsackie Virus
Authors: Bukholm Geir , Holberg‐Petersen Mona , Degre Miklos
Published: August 2010

The invasiveness of Salmonella typhimurium was significantly enhanced in cell cultures pretreated with UV‐inactivated virus. During the first 3 hours of virus infection there was no difference between the enhancement achieved with non‐inactivated and that achieved with UV‐inactivated virus. After 4 and 5 hours pretreatment the effect of non‐inactivated virus was more pronounced than that of UV‐inactivated virus. The results indicate that during the early period of virus infection the enhancement of bacterial invasiveness by pretreatment with virus is the result of a direct interaction between the virus and the cell membrane. During the later phase of viral reproduction, viral RNA induced alteration of the cell metabolism, and these altered products might be involved in the interaction.