bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physiological and biochemical effects of morphactin IT 3233 on callus and tumour tissues of Nicotiana tabacum L. cultured in vitro III. Transamination processes catalysed by aminotransferase L-alanine: 2-oxoglutarate
Authors: Chirek Z.
Published: May 2015

An active alanine transaminase was found both in callus and tumour tissues of tobacco. The enzyme is more active in the latter tissue, and the reaction balance is strongly shifted towards alanine production, while in callus tissue towards glutamic acid formation. Morphactin applied to the tissue cultures stimulates markedly the enzyme activity only in callus. A negative correlation was observed between the intensity of transamination processes and enhanced synthesis of proteins in the tissues studied. Morphactin disturbs nitrogen metabolism in the callus tissue. Tumour tissue is more resistant to the action of this substance. The different hormonal activities in these tissues may be the cause of the different effects of morphactin.
Investigations on the growth and dying-back dynamics of Sphagnum palustre L. populations
Authors: Sobotka Dygna
Published: May 2015

The investigation on the productiveness of mosses Sphagnum palustre was carried. In the course of the two-years observations of the biomass increment of sphagnum in the vegetation season certain regularities were remarked. Both in sphagnum and in the vascular plants a rapid increase of green biomass is observed from spring to July, and from August intensive dying-back of the organisms.
Studies on phyllosphere Fungi. IV. Effect of magnesium chloride on phyllosphere population of virus infected (PVX) and healthy plants of Lycopersicum esculentum Mili. cv. Best of all
Authors: Mishra R. R. , Kanaujia R. S.
Published: May 2015

Phyllosphere and phylloplane mycoflora of healthy and potato virus X (PVX) infected plants of Lycopesicum esculentum in relation to the treatment of different concentrations of magnesium chloride has been investigated. 250 ppm MgO2 level resulted to the maximum fungal population on the leaf surface of healthy and diseased plants. 125 ppm concentration of MgO2. on the other hand favoured the maximum fungal colonization on phylloplane region in both healthy and diseased plants. In both, healthy and diseased plants, 125 ppm concentration of MgCl2 proved equally good for growth of plants and the chlorophyll content of the leaf. The variation in the leaf mycoflora in the present study seems to be governed by a number of factors operating simultaneously.
Changes in the chlorophyll a and b content in different-aged leaves of Spergula vernalis Willd.
Authors: Symonides Ewa
Published: May 2015

The result are reported of investigations on the seasonal variations in the chlorophyll a and b content in the successive leaf tiers of Spergula vernalis Willd. growing in two different dune habitats. It was endeavoured to determine the influence of habitat conditions on the concentration of green pigments. The eventual relationship between their amount and the production of organic matter by the plants is discussed.
The ultrastructure of protein bodies isolated from Pisum sativum and Iris pseudoacorus L. seeds
Authors: Gabara Barbara , Konopska Ligia
Published: May 2015

Protein bodies of Pisum sativum and Iris pseudoacorus seeds have been isolated in sucrose gradient with addition of 50mM citrate buffer, pH 5. Their ultrastructure due to isolation procedure has been described. Two types of protein bodies are present in pea and iris seeds: simple and compex ones - with many inclusions. The method of isolation, used in this paper extracts partly proteins - probably albumins, and also substances present in globoids i.e. phytin and acid phosphatase.
Biomass increment in mosses on the example of Aulacomnium palustre (Hedw.) Schwaegr.
Authors: Tęczyńska-Kamecka Ewa
Published: May 2015

The biomass increment of the moss Aulacomnium palustre growing on two meadows of the Kampinos National Park was studied. The state of the biomass and production in g/m2 were compared on two different sites in two successive vegetation seasons.
Content of plant growth regulators in the developing seeds of oak (Quercus robur L.) III. Kinetin-like substances
Authors: Michalski Leszek
Published: May 2015

Kinetin-like substances in developing oak seeds have been investigated. The methods of extraction, fractionation, paper and column chromatography and bioassays, demonstrated that an active cell division factor appears in various phases of seeds development. A high level of this substance has been found mainly in developing acorns. In the course of thier ripening this level decreases considerably.
Morphogenesis of pericarp in two varieties of Momordica charantia L.
Authors: Saha Nina , Datta P. C.
Published: May 2015

The fruits of Uchchey and Korala, two common Indian varieties of Momordica charantia L. have the same length and diameter in initial stages. But with age the rate of lengthwise growth becomes higher in Karola, which differs from Uchchey by its larger size and much elongated shape. The major cause of their difference in size and shape is the higher cell number of Karola in its axial direction from the earliest stages of development, and their rapid transverse division during maturation. Differentiation of xylem bundles of the pericarp starts at the middle and apical parts of the ovary. The courses of differentiation of xylem in the middle, apical and basal bundles are bidirectional, basipetal and acropetal, respectively.
Critical remarks of Cerastium subtetrandrum Murb.
Authors: Zając Adam
Published: May 2015

After critical review of taxonomic characters of Cerastium subtertandrum Murb. the author proposes to reduce this taxon to the status of a form of Cerastium pumilum s.s.
Desmids of a dune-surrounded lake in Zieleniec near Warsaw
Authors: Tomaszewicz Grażyna H.
Published: May 2015

The author reports the results of investigations of 12 months duration on the flora and changes in the quantitative composition of desmids in a lake enclosed by dunes. One hundred three taxons were found to occur in it including: 89 species, 8 varieties and 6 forms belonging to 17 genera.
Investigations on the dormancy of Fraxinus excelsior L. buds II. Bud dormancy on shoots in various parts of the tree crown
Authors: Witkowska-Żuk L. , Kozłowska W.
Published: May 2015

The course of the particular phases of dormancy of terminal buds from various parts of the tree crown of 12-year-old Fraxinus excelsior trees was investigated. The following treatments breaking dormancy were applied: defoliation, a warm water bath and chilling. Significant differences in the depth of bud dormancy between the main and lateral shoots were noted only in the period of correlated inhibition. No differences could be found either in the course of rest and imposed dormancy or in the process of their receding.
DNA synthesis in the nuclei of Pinus silvestris embryos during
Authors: Brodzki P.
Published: May 2015

DNA synthesis starts earliest in the apical meristem of the shoot, and latest in the cotyledons. Mitoses appear simultaneously in the apical meristem and in the hypocotyl cortex. Synthesis continues in the mother cells of vascular elements and cotyledon parenchyma when mitosis ceases. In the cotyledons DNA synthesis is rather synchronous and leads to the elimination of 2 C nuclei.
Cytoplasmic segregation in onion root tip cells and formation of vacuoles
Authors: Wodzicki Tomasz J. , Brown Claud L.
Published: May 2015

Onion root tips were studied both with transmission and scanning electron microscope. The cells in the meristematic region of initials were found to be little vacuolated. At early stages of cell differentiation areas free of ribosomes are segregated in the cytoplasm. No (or only incomplete) membranes delimiting such areas could be distinguished in most cases. Seemingly, the membraneous structures may form later or simultaneously with the progress of breakdown of biostructure of the cytoplasm in the segregated area. The microscopic image of cytoplasm in the segregated areas (and even of the vacuolar sap at early stages of vacuole formation) resembles the matrix of cytoplasm populated with ribosomes. The cytoplasm in the whole central area is segregated at early stages of differentiation of root cap cells. The process of autophagic vacuoles formation in which the preexisting endomembranes seemingly are involved is described. It is proposed that such vacuoles may form after separation of two unit membranes of a cisternae surrounding a portion of the cytoplasm or an organelle, followed by independent growth of an outer unit membrane.
Development of tomato plants growing on nutrient solution containing ammonium salts in the presence of various doses of potassium
Authors: Stabrowska J. , Kozłowska J.
Published: May 2015

In all the experiments the best development of tomato plants was observed when nutrient solutions containing 1/3 of full doses of potassium were applied (i.e. when the N : K ratio = 0.84). On the other hand, the poorest development of plants was observed in combinations with 1/100 of the full potassium dose. Tenfold doses of potassium added to the nutrient solution de-pressed markedly plant growth, particularly at pH 7.6. The supply of potassium in the nutrient solution was correlated with the nitrogen, potassium and calcium amounts absorbed by the plants.
Vegetative multiplication and regeneration of Polytrichuin commune populations
Authors: Mickiewicz Jadwiga
Published: May 2015

On two permanent meadow surfaces vegetative multiplication, regeneration and renovation of the Polytrichum commune populations was studied. In cultures the green, apical parts of the stem and green leaves regenerate most rapidly. In the flagella, the lower parts exhibit a higher viability, to-wards the apex the process of regeneration is slower. In the field, in spring and autumn, flagella grow profusely out of the brown parts of the plant, thickening the sward and thus renewing and prolonging the life of the Polytrichum commune population.
Floral vasculature and trichomes of common Indian Scrophulariaceae
Authors: Datta P. C. , Deb Arati
Published: May 2015

The floral anatomy of 24 species of Scrophulariaceae was studied. The results show that although, clear anatomical bases to differentiate taxa are absent, the Pennell classification of subfamilies is strongly supported.
Activity of cytoplasmic N AD+- dependent dehydrogenases in the cotyledons of soaked Leguminous seeds
Authors: Mazurowa Hanna , Schramm Ryszard W.
Published: May 2015

The activity of three NAD+-dependent dehydrogenases: malic (MDH), alcohol (ADH), and lactic (LDH), were compared in seeds of seven species of Leguminous plants soaked for 24 hours. The total activity of three dehydrogenases varies at most about twice, while the ratio of activity of aerobic (MDH) to anaerobic (ADH + LDH) dehydrogenases varies about seven times. LDH activity was significantly lowest. The activity of the enzymes was thoroughly investigated in seeds of peas (Pisum sativum L.) and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) soaked in aerated or nitrogenated water during 48 hours. Some differences in dehydrogenases activity in two species occurred, especially in MDH and ADH. In both specdes the activity of all enzymes under study was, after a certain time, always lower in the seeds soaked in nitrogenated than in those soaked in aerated water. Peas proved significantly more sensitive to the deficiency of oxygen than beans.
Response of pine hypocotyl sections to growth regulators and related substances
Authors: Zakrzewski J.
Published: May 2015

Growth response of Pinus silvestris hypocotyl sections to some synthetic growth regulators and related substances was studied. Elongation of hypocotyl sections was stimulated by naphtaleneacetic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, in-dole-3-propionic acid, indole-3-butyric acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, indoleaoetic amide, indoleacetic nitrile and coumarin. Indole-3-acetic acid and naphtaleneacetic acid extended period of growth up to 16 and 24 hours, respectively. Growth was inhibited by kinetin, trans-cinnamic acid and 2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic acid. No effect of gibberellic acid, tryptophan and biotin was observed.
The application of association analysis for phytosociological interpretation of plant communities in Las Piwnicki Nature Reserve near Toruń
Authors: Nienartowicz A.
Published: May 2015

The paper contains the results of analysis of the herb layer carried out under different habitat conditions of two forest associations. Camparative studies of the floristic content and an analysis of the homogeneity of the herb layer were conducted with the use of objective statistical methods and a numerical classification technique.
Cytochemical investigations of the megasporocyte and embryo sac in Lilium regale at various stages of development
Authors: Marciniak C.
Published: May 2015

During megasporocyte and embryo sac development in Lilium regale, characteristic changes were noted within the cytoplasm. In the course of prophase I there appear parallel systems of endoplasmic reticulum cisternae which further transform to cytoplasmic bodies built of protein and different-sized lipid inclusions. During maturation of the embryo sac the cytoplasmic bodies and lipid inclusions synthesized during prophase I undergo hydrolysis and constitute storage material utilized during maturation of the embryo sac.
Influence of reducing and oxidating compounds on iron accumulation and chlorophyll content in oat leaves
Authors: Ślesak Edaward
Published: May 2015

The influence of reducing-oxidating potentials, via the introduction of reducing or oxidating substances into the medium, on iron accumulation and chlorophyll content in oat leaves was investigated. Lowering of the redox potential increases iron accumulation and chlorophyll content in leaves and vice versa. Experiments demonstrated that the redox potential is one of the factors determining the availability and physiological activity of iron in plants.
Effectiveness of different methods of preparing seedlings of cereals under sterile conditions for investigations of nucleic acids using radioactive precursors
Authors: Filek W.
Published: May 2015

On seedlings grown from grain not sterilized in advance bacteria numbered more than 108 microorganisms per one gram of fresh weight. Washing of seedlings with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide or sodium lauryl sulphate solutions reduced the number of bacteria several times. Sterilization of grains prior to planting with sodium hypochlorite and germination on solid substratum (perlit) reduced the number of bacteria to below 104 microorganisms to one gram of fresh weight. If germination was, however, in water, bacteria on the seedlings were approximately as numerous as on seedlings from mon-sterilized grains. Of the three antibiotics tested (streptomycin, chloramphenicol, penicillin) the most effective against the bacteria of wheat seedlings was chloramphenicol coupled with streptomycin; of antibiotics used singly chloramphenicol was best.
Influence of hypoxia on protoplast structure in the plant cell
Authors: Podbielkowska Maria , Borys Bożena
Published: May 2015

An influence of hypoxia on the protoplast’s structure in the root tips meristematic cells of onion (Allium cepa L.) and of Tradescantia bracteata Small has been investigated. Hypoxia was caused either by respiratory inhibitors (sodium azide, 2,4-dinitrophenol), phosfon-D or by anaeroibic conditions. In both cases characteristic membranization of cytoplasm was observed. It appeared as spherical and parallel structures of rough endoplasmic reticulum. The observed hypertrophy was not connected with the increase of nucleic acids and proteins synthesis. In the examined cells the membranization was accompanied by an increase of the lipids content.
Moss regeneration on the example of Aulacomnium palustre (Hedw.) Schwaegr
Authors: Lepiarz-Wittner E.
Published: May 2015

The developmental dynamics of Aulacomnium palustre populations finds its reflection in vegetative reproduction and regeneration. Leaves detached from the shoot form two kinds of protonemata - chloronema and caulonema, on which the gametophotre develops. Most active in the process of regeneration is the basal part of the leaves. Increased light intensity speeds up regeneration.
Relationship between formation of gametophore buds in the protonema of mosses and increase in ribonuclease activity
Authors: Spychała M. , Schneider J. , Szeykowska A.
Published: May 2015

Changes in RNase activity similar to those accompanying cytokinin-induced formation of gametophore buds in mosses (a decrease in the early phase of bud formation and later an increase in enzyme activity) have also been found during spontaneous formation of gametophores in moss ontogenesis. Using various factors affecting the cytokinin-induced process of bud formation a correlation has been found between this process and the increase in RNase activity.
Ultrastructural study of chloroplasts isolated by various fractionation methods
Authors: Legocka J. , Woźny A. , Szweykowska A.
Published: May 2015

The chloroplasts of kohlrabi and barley leaves isolated in conventional media and examined in electron microscope showed considerable impairements of their structure. The damages were not eliminated if the centrifugation number was limited and the tonicity of the medium was reduced gradually throughout the fixation and dehydration procedure. A good yield (about 90%) of structurally intact kohlrabi chloroplasts was obtained when they were isolated from leaves pre-fixed and homogenized in medium containing glutaraldehyde.
Mixoploidy of tannin coenocytes in Sambucus racemosa L.
Authors: Zobel Alicja M.
Published: May 2015

In young lateral shoots and seedlings of Sambucus racemosa L. the ontogenesis of elongated tannin coenocytes was investigated with particular reference to their karyology. In these tannin containers both small nuclei and giant ones are present. The DNA content in the particular nuclei was determined by the cytophotometric method after the Feulgen reaction. The ploidy of the nuclei was concluded on the basis of the DNA level. It was found that in multinuclear tannin coenocytes there are diploid nuclei as well as others with various degrees of ploidy. Thus, tannin coenocytes are mixoploidal. On the basis of karyological investigations it was attempted to elucidate the mechanism leading to the formation of polynuclear and mixoploid coenocytes.
Development of ovul.es on the stamens in flowers of Solanum tuberosum variety Flisak
Authors: Pułło Elżbieta , Ślusarkiewicz Aurella
Published: May 2015

The flowers were investigated morphologically and embryologically in the Flisak variety of Solanum tuberosum. The changes observed consisted in the formation of naked ovules on the stamens.
Morphological aspects of starch and cell wall material mobilization in developing lupine cotyledons and the effect of kinetin on these processes
Authors: Młodzianowski Fortunat , Wesołowska Maria
Published: May 2015

In the cotyledons of dry lupine seeds the presence of starch was not demonstrated. Its formation during seed imbibition in darkness is accompanied by a reduction in the thickness of cell walls containing hemicelluloses. It is believed that the products of hemicellulose hydrolysis, particullarily in isolated cotyledons, arę the main source of materials for the synthesis of starch, In the process of cell wall decomposition the invaginations of plasmalemma appear to be involved. Kinetin enhance the hydrolysis of cell walls and the mobilization of starch in isolated cotyledons.
Effect of kinetin on nucleic acid synthesis in senescing and young leaves in Brassica oleracea L. var. gongylodes L.
Authors: Legocka J. , Szweykowska A.
Published: May 2015

In detached kohlrabi leaves senescing in the dark, the decrease in chlorophyll to was more pronounced than in chlorophyll a. The retardation by kinetin of the chlorophyll loss was also markedly stronger in the case of chlorophyll b. Using the fractionation of nucleic acids on polyacrylamide gels it has been shown that during leaf senescence the level of all RNA species decreased, whereas the amount of DNA was more or less constant. In the presence of kinetin, the loss of RNA was inhibited and the incorporation of precursor into the cytoplasmic rRNA as well as into low molecular weight RNA species was supported. Chloroplast rRNA synthesis has not been detected in mature leaves and kinetin showed no effect in this respect. In young expanding leaves detached and kept in light, the synthesis of cytoplasmic rRNA was strongly stimulated by kinetin, whereas in the case of Chloroplast rRNA only an inhibitory effect of kinetin could be found. The results suggest that the cytokinins are primarily involved in processes of the synthesis of cytoplasmic rRNA and low molecular RNA fractions, and in this way affect the development of plastids, in particular the course of their senescence.
Induction of embryoid development from apple pollen grains
Authors: Kubicki B. , Telżyńska J. , Milewska-Pawliczuk E.
Published: May 2015

Globular 32 and 64 celled embryoids were obtained from uninucleate apple microspores (cultivar Jonathan) after 5 weeks of culture on a modified Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium. A similar induction of microspore development was not observed in younger or older stages of anther development. In such anthers only callus was formed from diploid tissues.
Radioecology of Picea excelsa (L.) Lam
Authors: Sarosiek Jan , Iwen Irena
Published: May 2015

Within the area of the radiation anomaly near Kowary (Sudeten Mountains) the spruce (Picea excelsa) occurs in habitats with natural soil gamma radiation within 0.05-1.48 mR/h. By way of detailed ecological analysis 5 stenotopic habitats of spruce development were selected differing in radiation intensity. In these habitats the intrapopulation variability, radioactivity and ecological properties of the Picea excelsa populations were investigated. It was demonstrated that radiation within the above mentioned range is an essential ecological limiting factor, conditioning ecotypic differences in Picea excelsa. The limiting influence of radiation is manifested in a high frequency of development anomalies in the spruce population.
Effects of ionizing-radiation and post-radiation action of some plant growth regulators on the seed germination and seedling growth of Scotch pine
Authors: Michalski Leszek
Published: May 2015

The effects of small doses of gamma irradiation on the seed germination and seedling growth of Scotch pine and post-radiation action of water solutions of IAA, GA3 and kinetin have been investigated. Changes in the destructive action of ionizing-radiation toy gibberellic acid and its intensifying by IAA and kinetin has been found.
Development of the embryo in some species of the genus Delphinium L.
Authors: Babis Henryk
Published: May 2015

In the 10 examined species of Delphinium all theoretically possible types of zygote division may be found - transverse, oblique and longitudinal. With these divisions is connected the peculiar characteristic mode of differentiation of the embryo body. Embryogenesis of two species, D. tricolor and D. cariopetalum, shows a number of regularities on the basis of which new types of embryo development in angiosperms may be distinguished. These types have been named Valerianad and Ranunculad. Probably all the Delphinium species in which a longitudinal division of the zygote occurs are more primitive as regards embryonomic features than species in which zygote division is transverse or oblique.
Regeneration and vegetative propagation of Sphagnum palustre as factor of population stability
Authors: Sobotka Dygna
Published: May 2015

The stability of the Sphagnum palustre populations on the meadows of the Kampinos National Park situated north-west of Warsaw was investigated in the period 1971-1974. Laboratory cultures were also started to establish the regenerative ability of various gametophyte parts of Sphagnum: the main stem, branches, leaves and spore germination. The green stems and apical branches of the plants showed the highest regeneration ability. Brown stems and white branches developed less intensively. Leaves showed no tendency to develop into new plants. Gametophores were found to form quicker and more effectively by way of regeneration than from spores. In natural conditions more intensive growth of branchings (new shoots) from the apical and green parts of Sphagnum was also observed, whereas the brown parts did not exhibit this ability.
Investigations on some metabolites of Tecoma stans Juss. callus tissue. Part II. Chromatographical analysis of alkaloid and quinone compounds
Authors: Dohnal Barbara
Published: May 2015

Tecoma stans Juss. callus tissue grown on Murashige-Mei Lie Lin (M-L) and Murashige-Skoog (RT-k) medium supplemented with Tecoma alkaloid precursors like lysine, mevalonic acid lactone and quinolinic acid, were investigated for their alkaloid content by thin-layer (TLC) and paper (PC) chromatography methods. The results were compared with those obtained by parallel analysis of greenhouse plant leaves. Seven alkaloid spots were detected in the leaf extracts, namely: actinidine, 4-noractinidine, boschniakine, tecomanine, two spots of skytanthine derivatives and one unidentified spot. Only l spot corresponding to skytanthine derivatives appeard in the extracts of callus tissues cultured on basal M-L medium or supplemented with lysine or mevalonic acid lactone. However, 3 alkaloid spots were revealed in extracts of homogeneous parenchyma-like callus tissues obtained o-n, RT-k medium. Beside the skytanthine derivatives rnentioned above, actinidine and tecomanine were identified, and moreover, in callus tissues growing on the same medium (RT-k) supplemented with quinolinic acid, boschniakine was found. It was found that T. stans leaves as well as callus tissues cultured on RT-k medium contained traces of lapachol and another quinone-type compound.
Inhibition of cytokinesis in the microspores of Tradescantia bracteata Small, by caffeine
Authors: Charzyńska M. , Pannenko I.
Published: May 2015

In isolated stamens of Tradescantia bracteata planted in nutrient medium cytokinesis in microspores was inhibited by caffeine and binucleate pollen grains were formed. Both the nuclei were of similar shape, size and structure and did not undergo further changes. It seems that separation of the polarly differentiated microspore protoplast by a cell wall is a necessary condition for differentiation of the gametophyte nuclei to generative and vegetative.
The influence of nitrogen nutrition on the dynamics of growth and metabolism of endogenous growth regulators in Scotch pine (Pinus silvestris L.) seedlings
Authors: Michniewicz M. , Rożej B. , Stopińska J.
Published: May 2015

Pine seedlings were cultivated in sterile agar cultures containing nitrogen as NH4Cl. The most pronounced positive effect on the growth of seedlings was affected by N used at a concentration of 50 ppm. After 4 months was stated that nitrogen had only a slight effect on elongation, of .shoots but decreased the length of roots. Nitrogen increased the lenght and number of primary and secondary needles as well as the fresh and dry matter of sboots. It stimulated also the number of lateral roots and the fresh and dry matter of the root system. Stimulation of shoot growth and differentiation as a result of nitrogen treatment was correlated with the increase -of free gibberellins and auxins and decrease of the amount of bound gibberellins and ABA-like inhibitor in shoots. However the effect of N on growth of roots was connected with the increase of auxins, cytokinins and ABA-like inhibitor in these organs.
Proteins present in tannin cenocyte mother cells in Sambucus racemosa L.
Authors: Zobel A. M.
Published: May 2015

It has been demonstrated that protein content and concentration are higher in mononucleate tannin-cells than in the parenchyma cells of Sambucus racemosa. Cytoplasmic and nuclear free acid proteins markedly prevail here. It is believed that they may be enzymatic proteins. Increase of acid proteins content within the nucleus of tannin cells causes an increase of the nucleus size. The content of nuclear bound basic proteins in tannin cells, may be lower than in the neighbouring parenchymal cells.
The interdependence between transpiration intensity and the anatomical structure of moss leaves
Authors: Krupa J.
Published: May 2015

The degree of anatomical differentiation of moss leaves, as well as differing biotropic conditions of these plants, served as a basis for the choice of the following species: Mnium punctatum, Catharinea undulata, Funaria hygrometrica, Polytrichum juniperinum, Polytrichum piliferum, and Aloina rigida. Different anatomical structure of severed moss leaves does not generally influence the quantity of water evaporated during a 24-hour period, while they are kept in an atmosphere of relative humidity of 85% and 95%. The differences observed in the dynamics of water loss from leaves under conditions of relative atmospheric humidity of 85% are more likely due to the properties and structure of cell walls, though they may also, result from different resistance of cytoplasm to evaporation. The process of photosynthesis exhibits a significantly greater sensitivity to variations in water content of leaf than does the process of respiration. In most of the studied species, the respiration activity decreases markedly, though it does not become completely arrested following the period of dehydration applied.
Metabolic aspects of growth in HU-treated crown-gall tissue cultures. I. Nicotiana tabacum
Authors: Rennert Aldona
Published: May 2015

An influence of hydroxyurea (HU) on the growth, DNA and RNA contents and protein synthesis in the tobacco tumour tissue culture was studied in comparison with a homologous callus tissue. In conformity with expectations considerable decrease of DNA level in both tissues is a primary effect of HU activity. This results in the growth inhibition and in the secondary metabolic effects; these effects depend not only on the concentration of inhibitor but also on the age of tissue. In spite of some common features the character of these changes shows a distinct differentiation depending on the tissue type. TMs points to specific modifications of the biochemical regulation of growth in a tumour.
Metabolic aspects of growth in HU-treated crown-gall tissue cultures. II. Helianthus annuus
Authors: Rennert Aldona
Published: May 2015

The dynamics of growth and changes in nucleic acid and protein contents in sunflower calluses and tumours cultured in hydroxyurea (HU) containing media were examined. HU-induced changes in healthy tissues ran in parallel always in the same direction, in tumourous ones however an uncoupling between DNA synthesis and tissue growth on one hand and RNA and protein synthesis on the other took place. A detailed analysis of the results allows to suppose that the specific activity of HU on tumourous tissue could be an index of: 1) quantitative disturbances in its genes function (2) degree of the lass of sensitivity to the factors of regulation.
Effect of 4,4-dimethylmorpholinium chloride and allied compounds on growth of the lettuce hypocotyl
Authors: Knypl J. S. , Janas Krystyna M.
Published: May 2015

4,4-dimethylmorpholinium chloride (DMMC) at l mM concentration inhibited growth of lettuce hypocotyl by about 50°/o, the effect being reversed by higher doses of gibberellic acid. Structural analogues of DMMC, 4,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-morpholinium chloride (DMOMC) and 4,4-diethyl-2-oxo-morpholinium chloride (DEOMC) did not effect growth of the hypocotyl. All three compounds at the concentration of 10 mM inhibited growth of the radicle.
Complex wavy grain in the stem of Aesculus
Authors: Pyszyński Władysław
Published: May 2015

Two types of wavy grain were found in the xylem from Aesculus stems: with long (500 mm) and short (6 mm) waviness superposed on spiral grain. On radial splits the ridges of long waviness ran obliquely up the stem from the pith to the cambium on the average at a 5° angle with the stem axis. On the other hand, the short waviness ran down the stem from the pith to the cambium at an average angle of 86° with the stem axis. Investigation of the orientation of cambial events on the basis of splitting and uniting rays in the successive terminal xylem layers demonstrated that domain patterns in the cambium are responsible for the wavy grain.
Dynamics and systematic position of Thelypteridi-Phragmitetum Kuiper 1957
Authors: Tomaszewicz H.
Published: May 2015

The author discusses the arising of Thelypteridi-Phragmitetum phytocenoses, their place in the zonal vegetation pattern and in plant succession. The diagnostic value of Dryopteris thelypteris and the syntaxonomic position of Thelypteridi-Phragmitetum are explained. This association is classified to the alliance Phragmition. A synthetic table is given with 480 phytosociological records representing the association studied, and a map of distribution of its sites or groups of sites reported to date in Poland.
The role of cytokinins in the development and metabolism of barley leaves. I. The effect of cytokinins on leaf senescence
Authors: Woźny A. , Szweykowska A. , Legocka J.
Published: May 2015

The loss of chlorophyll during dark-induced ageing of barley leaves was prevented to a similar extent by kinetin and the natural cytokinin, 6-Δ2-iso-pentenylarninopurine (2iP). A concentration of 400 μM appeared to be optimal in both cases. In the presence of 2iP the structure of mesophyll cells in dark-incubated leaves was maintained unchanged. A distinct correlation has been found between the retardation by 2iP of the chlorophyll loss, the rate of S2P-incorporation into nucleic acids and the maintaining of the RNase activity at a low level. The importance of the RNA synthesis and the rate of its de-gradation in the cytokinin action in barley leaf senescence will be subjected to future experiments.
Mechanism of formation of spiral grain in Aesculus stems: dissymmetry of deformation of stems caused by cyclic torsion
Authors: Pyszyński W.
Published: May 2015

The reversibility of deformation of young (3-10-year-old) Aesculus hippocastanum stems was investigated after subjecting them to alternate torsion to the right and left as well as the orientation of the microfibrillar helix in the main S2 layer of the secondary cell wall in fibres. The studies demonstrated that residual torsions to the right are larger than to the left. The orientation of the fibrillar helix is always Z-wise. The dissymmetry of the mechanical properties of the stem may be responsible for the formation of Z (right-oriented) spiral grain in the stem of a tree undergoing torsions in various directions under the action of winds
Paper chromatography of anthocyanins in two species of Aconitum from the Tatry .Mts.: A. variegatum (L.) Rchb., and A. napellus ssp. skerisorae (Gayer) Seitz.
Authors: Krzakowa M. , Zieliński R. , Szweykowski J.
Published: May 2015

The results of studies on phenolic compounds occurence and variation in the two Aconitum species were reported in our previous paper (Szweykowski, Krzakowa, 1977a and b). A modified extraction method allowed us to get additional data on anthocyanin variation in flowers of the same species. In addition one albino plant of A. variegatum was also investigated in this respect.
Cambial domain pattern in the root and root collar of Plalanus
Authors: Krawczyszyn J.
Published: May 2015

The grain pattern in wood and the pattern of orientation of ray splitting and uniting were studied in roots and root collar of Platanus acerifolia. In roots the interlocked-grain wood was observed as in the stem. An analysis of changes in xylem rays indicates that the cambial domain pattern exists and migrates upward there. In the root collar the grain in wood was straight although cambial domains were noted too. The domain pattern is characterized by relatively wide variations of the domain length and by pulsation: expanding some domains and reducing others so that it does not become manifest in the grain.
Notes on the taxonomy and distribution of species of the Dryopteris dilatata complex in the Caucasus, Siberia and the Far East
Authors: Piękoś-Mirkowa H.
Published: May 2015

The Dryopteris dilatata complex in the Caucasus, Siberia and the Far East was studied on the herbarium material from the Komarov Institute of Botany in Leningrad. The macromorphological characters of the sporophyte as well as the morphology and colour of spores were used. It has been found that Dryopteris extremiorientalis V. Vasil., regarded as an endemic taxon for the Far East, is conspecific with Dryopteris assimilis S. Walker, and Dryopteris Alexeenkoana Fom., regarded as a West Caucasian endemic species is identical with Dryopteris dilatata (Hoffm.) A. Gray, em. S. Walker. In .the paper the distribution of D. assimilis in the Asiatic part of the USSR was given.
Female gametophyte and pollen tube of Epilobium palustre L.
Authors: Bednara Józef
Published: May 2015

The monosporic, tetranucleate embryo sac of Epilobium palustre (Onagraceae) develops from the micropylar megaspore in a linear tetrad. In mononucleate embryo sacs a peculiar chromatic structure associated with a nucleolus appears in the nucleus. This structure seems to be formed by fibrillar material and is not visible in the subsequant stages of development. A large amount of rough ER cisternae occurs in the late mononucleate stage, during the binucleate stage their contents become optically dense. It the early tetranucleate stage the amount of ER is small, it increases again in the developing synergids and central cell. Numerous amyloplasts present in the mononucleate embryo sac loose their starch grains and some are transformed into cup-shaped plastids or proplastids. They are passed on to each of the embryo sac cells. The growth of the pollen tube ceases immediately after the penetration through the filiform apparatus of a synergid. At the apex of the tube a pore is formed. At the last stages of the penetration the apical part of the pollen tube becomes separated by a transverse partition from the distal part of the tube. The contents of the both parts differ in their internal structure. The distal part contains cytoplasm with numerous organoids, while the apical part is mainly filled with spherical bodies.
Growth of apple-tree seedlings (Malus domesticd) Borkh cv. Antonówka obtained from non-stratified embryos
Authors: Czerski J. , Janowska K.
Published: May 2015

The growth of seedlings (Malus domestica Borkh cv. Antonówka) obtained from embryos isolated from non-stratified and stratified (90 days at 4-5°C) seeds was compared. The lack of differences in the germination power of embryos isolated from non stratified and stratified seeds, and the observed normal growth of plants obtained from non-stratified seeds, point to the fact, that the seeds of the autumn apple 'Antonówka' do not pass the stage of embryonal dormancy.
Nucleic acids in the last stages of maturation of two varieties
Authors: Górecki R. , Grzesiuk S. , Rejowski A.
Published: May 2015

Using the MAK column chromatography method the process of wheat grain maturation was found to be closely correlated with nucleic acid metabolism. The amount of nucleic acids in the embryos increased until the end of the maturation of the grain. This increase was the result of an intensive synthesis mainly of rRNA fractions and to some extent also of sRNA. The quantitative proportion of various fractions of nucleic acids also changed in the last stages of grain maturation. In the period of wax maturity in wheat embryos a higher content of 4S and 5S RNA was found which partly explains a higher viability of these seeds.
Sesquiterpene lactones. Part XXII. Sesquiterpene lactones in Species of the Genus Chrysanthemum
Authors: Błoszyk E. , Drożdż B.
Published: May 2015

A method of effective study on sesquiterpeine lactones in unknown plant material was worked out. This method allows the choice of species with high sesquiterpene lactones content and interesting chemical composition. Studies were carried out on 14 species of Chrysanthemum s.l.. The method of elementary appreciation consisted in: estimation of the bitter principle index (assayed by the modified Ph-P.IV. method), quantitative analysis of lactone fractions and chromatographical examination. Quantitative analysis of sesquiterpene lactones in plant material was carried out by the IR spectroscopy method specially adapted for this purpose. Chromatographic examinations were carried out by the thin-layer technique on silica gel. Chromatograms of lactone fractions were developed with 6 selective reagents. The correlation between the bitter principle index and quantitative content of sesquiterpene lactones was ascertained. Bisides great qualitative also quantitative differences were observed between 14 investigated species from Chrysanthemum s.l.
Germination of embryos from stratified and non-stratified seeds and growth of apple seedlings (Malus domestica Borkh cv. "Antonówka")
Authors: Czerski Jerzy , Jankowska Krystyna
Published: May 2015

The germination of whole seeds, the seeds without coat and isolated embryos of apple cv. "Antonówka Zwykła" after 90 days of cold-stratification was compared with the germination of embryos isolated from non-stratified seeds. They were germinated under 16hrs during a day at temperature 25°C and 20°C during the night. It has been found that after 2 weeks whole stratified seeds germinated in 5 per cent, seeds without coat in 25 per cent and isolated embryos in 98 per cent. Isolated embryos from nun-stratified seeds, after 2 weeks, germinated in the range from 75 to 88 per cent. The results indicate the similar germination ability of embryos isolated from nun-stratified seeds. The seedling populations obtained from embryo's stratified and non-stratified seeds were fully comparable and they evaluated: 1) a wide range of individual differences within population, 2) a similar number of seedlings in each class of shoot length, 3) a similar morphological habitus in each class of shoot length, 4) a similar fresh leaf weight and whole plant increment.
Anaphylaxis
Authors: Kruszewski Jerzy
Published: May 2015

Anaphylaxis is recently becoming an increasingly popular issue among allergists, particularly upon fatigue with asthma matters. The paper “Anaphylaxis as a cause of hospitalization—a single academic centre experience” published in this issue of “Polish Pneumonology and Allergology” follows this trend [...]
Synchronous Two Distinct Neuroendocrine Lung Cancer Lesions
Authors: Rydel Mateusz , Czyżewski Damian , Stęplewska Katarzyna , Zygo Agnieszka , Adamek Mariusz
Published: May 2015

The synchronous primary lung tumors is a rare condition and presented patient is the first reported case of simultaneous two distinct neuroendocrine lung cancer lesions in the same lobe. We present the case of a 55-year-old woman with synchronous two distinct neuroendocrine lung cancer lesions in the right upper lobe. Initially she showed no signs or symptoms related to lung lesions and was admitted to Thoracic Surgery Ward for the investigation of two oval, solitary pulmonary nodules (11 and 19 mm in diameter) detected on a chest X-ray performed three months earlier. The radiological imaging showed a variability of growth of both lesions (smaller tumor has enlarged while the larger one remained unchanged). After the CT-guided lung biopsy, patient underwent right upper lobectomy. Histological examination revealed a small cell carcinoma in one of the tumors and a large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in the other one. The patient was discharged in good condition and lung inflation in chest X-ray and qualified for adjuvant chemotherapy with a combination of cisplatin and etoposide and the prophylactic cranial irradiation. Very important issues, having impact on outcome of patients with multiple lung tumours is differentiation whether the lesions are metastases or synchronous primary lung tumors and the optimal management of these patients.
Basophil Activation Tests (BAT): Wheat and Chaff
Authors: Chirumbolo Salvatore
Published: May 2015

The recent article by Gawinowska et al., on the latest issue of “Polish Pneumology and Allergology” addressed the issue of the application of basophil activation test (BAT) in the diagnosis of drug hypersensitivity [...]
Clinical Application of Plant Sterol and Stanol Products
Authors: Cofán Montserrat , Ros Emilio
Published: May 2015

Plant sterols and stanols (PS) are natural, non-nutritive compounds that play important structural roles in plant membranes and abound in seeds and oils derived from them. Because they act within the intestinal lumen and undergo minimal absorption into the enterocytes, PS are non-systemic agents. Their physiological role in plants, natural origin, and non-systemic action, together with their proven capacity to lower serum total and LDL-cholesterol, make them quite attractive as non-pharmacological agents for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Recent meta-analyses have summarized the results of >100 randomized clinical trials and have clearly established that LDL-cholesterol is reduced by 9–12% with consumption of PS-fortified foods in different formats at doses of 2–3 g per day. PS are effective and safe cholesterol-lowering agents with many clinical applications: adjuncts to a healthy diet, common hypercholesterolemia, combination treatment with statins, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. The cholesterol-lowering efficacy appears to be similar in all clinical situations. PS are also ideal agents to treat hypercholesterolemic children who are still not candidates to statin therapy or receive only low-dose statins. In the setting of statin treatment, the expected LDL-cholesterol reduction with PS is equivalent to up titrating twice the statin dose. There is not enough information on the efficacy of PS as add-on therapy to ezetimibe, fibrates, or bile acid binding resins. Attesting to the consistent scientific evidence on the cholesterol-lowering efficacy and safety of functional foods supplemented with PS, several national and international clinical societies have endorsed their use as adjuncts to a healthy diet.
Inter-individual Variability in Response to Plant Sterol and Stanol Consumption
Authors: Jones Peter J H
Published: May 2015

Despite the abundance of clinical trial data demonstrating the cholesterol-lowering action of plant sterol supplementation, substantial variability in efficacy exists in responsiveness across individuals. The goal of this review is to examine factors responsible for this heterogeneity in responsiveness of blood cholesterol levels to dietary plant sterols. Although initially thought to be due to random noise in the data, demonstrated consistency in degree of responsiveness in the context of controlled feeding designs from person to person suggests that other systematic drivers are responsible. Genetic explanations explaining this phenomenon appear to be gaining momentum. Particularly, single nucleotide polymorphisms within the genes coding for CYP7A1 and ApoE, as well as possibly other genes including ABCG5 and ABCG8, exist as predictors of whether LDL-C levels will decrease or even increase subsequent to plant sterol administration. In summary, nutrigenetic differences across genes associated with cholesterol trafficking pathways may be important in predicting how well any given individual will respond to dietary interventions. It is anticipated that eventually genetic tests will be developed that can guide health care professionals to optimize dietary strategies for health optimization.
Methodological Aspects of Plant Sterol and Stanol Measurement
Authors: Lütjohann Dieter
Published: May 2015

Cholesterol, its biosynthetic precursors, its metabolite 5α-cholestanol and plant sterols are widely used today in clinical lipid research as surrogate markers of cholesterol synthesis and absorption. Advances in analytical methods for the determination of serum noncholesterol sterols and stanols within the last century are highlighted. This review focuses on sample preparation, separation, and detection techniques. Various aspects related to sterol and stanol analysis from biological samples are discussed.