bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel plasma actuator for mitigation of dynamic stall
Authors: Lilley Alexander James , Roy Subrata , Visbal Miguel R
Published: June 2024

A novel plasma actuator, the Linear Counter-flow using a Point Embedded Electrode (LCPEE), is developed for the prevention of dynamic stall for a sinusoidal pitching movement between α = 4° and α = 18°. The LCPEE is implemented on a NACA0012 airfoil and tested at a Reynolds Number of Re
c
= 2 × 105 and reduced frequency of k = π/16. Prior investigations using a standard linear actuator showed that the exposed electrode introduced perturbations passively which delayed dynamic stall when the actuator was off. For the LCPEE actuator, when turned off, there is least passive delay. When the LCPEE is turned on at St
f
= 50, the dynamic stall is prevented for the sinusoidal pitching motion of the airfoil. The LCPEE actuator is also tested for the same sinusoidal motion between α = 6° and α = 20°. Four cases are considered for the higher α range of motion: actuator off, actuator on at St
f
= 50 with a sinusoidal input waveform, actuator on at St
f
= 50 with a triangular input waveform, and actuator on at St
f
= 100 with a sinusoidal input waveform. Specifically for the last case, experiment shows no flow reversal demonstrating the efficacy of LCPEE in controlling the dynamic stall. The effects of LCPEE on the flow energy distribution have also been studied by using proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method.
An improved fractional-order transmission model of COVID-19 with vaccinated population in United States
Authors: Sun Deshun , Yuan Kelei , Yin Guohua
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we propose a new fractional-order differential equation model with latent and vaccinated population to describe the dynamics of COVID-19. Firstly, the theoretical mathematical model is established based on the transmission mechanism of COVID-19 in the population. Then, the data of the infected, the recovered and the death are collected from big data report of Baidu’s epidemic situation, and the parameters are estimated by piecewise fitting and nonlinear least square method based on collected data. The correlation coefficients between the infected and model simulation, between the recovered and model simulation, between the death and model simulation are 0.9868, 0.9948 and 0.9994, respectively and the accuracy of prediction are 96.05%, 99.33% and 99.88%, respectively. Additionally, the accuracy of prediction is compared between fractional-order differential equation model and integer-order differential equation model, and the results show fractional-order differential equation model can better predict the development trend of COVID-19. Finally, we analyze the sensitivity of the parameters through numerical simulations, and put forward the corresponding strategies to control the epidemic development according to the screened sensitive parameters.
Effect of annealing duration on the structural, optical and magnetic properties of NiO/NiFe2O4 nanocomposites
Authors: Sahu B , Panigrahi U K , Chakravarty Sujay , Hussain Shamima , Mallick P
Published: June 2024

The impact of annealing time on the structural, optical, and magnetic characteristics of NiO/NiFe2O4 nanocomposites (NCs) was examined after successful synthesis via a straightforward economical wet chemical method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization reveals the presence of cubic NiO as the predominant phase along with the minor phase fraction of NiFe2O4. Slight growth in the crystallite size from 38.96 to 40.25 nm is noticed with the rise of annealing duration. The suppression of intensity of the 2M Raman mode of NiO matrix confirms the decreasing trend of antiferromagnetic (AFM) correlations with the elevation of annealing time. The band gap of the samples increased from 3.38 to 3.98 eV upon increasing the annealing duration. The samples showed strong emissions in the UV region along with other visible emissions. The CIE chromatographic image of the samples indicated the shift of colour emission from blue to the near green region with increasing annealing time. Magnetization data suggests the presence of weak ferromagnetic feature in the background of the AFM NiO matrix at 300 K. The remanent magnetization of the samples increased slightly from ∼0.23 to 0.27 emu g−1 with increasing annealing duration along with perseverance of exchange bias (EB) in all samples at room temperature.
The discontinuous mesh processing for electromagnetic scattering analysis of conducting objects by PO method
Authors: Wen Ding-e , Ding Fan , Zhang Qi , Wu Weijun , Zheng Shengquan , Yang Helin
Published: June 2024

In electromagnetic (EM) simulations, conventional triangular patches are implemented to discretize the surfaces of conducting objects. The EM scattering of the conducting objects is presented based on the Rao-Wilton-Glisson basis function and continuity of the surface current across the boundary with different mesh sizes. The radar cross section (RCS) is acquired for conducting objects using physical optics (PO). The numerical results are compared with those from a commercial software (FEKO), which indicated the accuracy and effectiveness of the method in this study.
3D Printing Technology and Future of Construction: A Review
Authors: Ghosh B , Karmakar S
Published: June 2024

Historically characterised by its labour-intensive nature and low productivity, the construction industry is witnessing a technological revolution. Among these advancements, 3D printing stands out as a frontrunner, offering the potential to automate construction processes, reduce material waste, shorten project timelines, and mitigate risks associated with manual labour. This study explores the transformative capacity of large-scale 3D printing in construction, examining current progress, potential trajectories, and inherent limitations. Furthermore, it assesses the impact of expanded 3D printing adoption on the construction labour market. Our findings highlight 3D printing’s potential to significantly diminish the need for manual labour, addressing labour shortages, particularly in countries reliant on immigrant labour forces. However, its effectiveness may vary in regions with competitive labour costs where manual labour remains prevalent. Integrating 3D printing in construction necessitates cultivating a specialised workforce with expertise in this innovative technology. In conclusion, this study underscores the transformative influence of 3D printing in construction, offering increased efficiency, reduced labour dependency, and solutions to industry challenges. Adapting 3D printing adoption to regional labour dynamics and workforce upskilling is essential for maximising its benefits. As the construction industry evolves, embracing 3D printing emerges as a pivotal factor in shaping its future landscape.
Buildings of Distinct Plan Shapes Under Wind Load: Wind Interference Effects
Authors: Pal Supriya , Raj Ritu , Bano Alfia
Published: June 2024

This paper presents the results of the experimental investigations carried out on two intricate plan-shaped buildings to evaluate the aerodynamic performance of the building. The intention is to explore the associated environment resulting from wind forces in both solitary and obstructing situations using a prototype model at a scale of 1:300 with a prototype having 180m height. Experimental tests were carried out at the boundary layer wind tunnel considering isolated conditions with 0° to 180° isolated wind directions and four interference conditions of twin buildings (separately for both the models). The research has been undertaken in Terrain Category II, which is the most widely available terrain in India. A comparative assessment of the two models is performed in an attempt to comprehend the various consequences of diverse conditions that may emerge in real-life situations, as well as the discrepancies among them. Experimental results of wind pressure coefficients of Model-1 and Model-2 show good agreement with various wind incidence conditions with the minute difference in the magnitudes of Cp. On the basis of wind tunnel studies, it is distinguished that the performance of Model-2 is better than Model-1 in both isolated as well as interference conditions for all wind incidences and orientations respectively.
Flexural and shear load rate evaluation on Pre-stressed concrete Box Girder Superstructure under the effect of IRC Loading
Authors: Srivastava Shreyam , Mishra Abhishek
Published: June 2024

In the Present time Bridge Load Rating plays an important role in estimating the structural condition as well as the performance and the safety parameter of the already constructed bridge. There are different experimental method which are available in order to perform the load rating phenomenon. The primary goal of this research project is to present an analytical way in which the load carrying capacity through the process known as Bridge Load Rating can be performed on the software basis as per the IRC Codes. Till now the only codes available in the MIDAS Civil software for the load rating work are the AASHTO LRFR-19, AASHTO LRFR-11, AASHTO LRFD05, CS454/20, so in this research work the load rating work as per the Indian Codes is trying to be achieved. In this paper modelling and comparison of two PSC Post Tensioned Single Span Box Girder of span length 40m is carried out on the MIDAS Civil software and the objective of the study is to evaluate the load carrying capacity of the two different model based on the value of Flexural B.M, S.F and vertical displacement. The two models which are modelled among them the first model represent the state of newly constructed bridge and the other model represent the condition of the same bridge but after a stipulated time period. It was found out that the bridge loses it’s structural strength and capacity after a time period of 70 years. It was discovered that there is a considerable increase of 149.33% and 34.8% in the value of vertical displacement and Bending moment in the bridge model which was analysed after a time period of 70 years. The methodology adopted in this paper for the load rating work can also be used on different bridge structures such as Reinforced cement concrete and Pre-stresses Concrete bridges such as Cable stayed, Composite I Girder, T-Girder, I-Girder bridges etc.
Response of Structure with Spring Back System Bracing Subjected to Seismic Loads
Authors: Biradar Umesh R
Published: June 2024

Earthquakes have been a long-standing natural calamity known to humanity, and researchers throughout history have extensively explored methods to safeguard buildings. The objective has been to mitigate the destructive impact of earthquakes on existing structures. Retrofitting has been deemed necessary for numerous reinforced concrete buildings to address their inadequacies in withstanding seismic forces. Current study presents comparative analysis of building models with V Spring Back System (SBS) bracing and Half Inverted V Spring Back System (SBS) bracing. Among the various techniques, incorporating a Spring Back System bracing has proven highly effective in this regard. The response spectrum analysis method will be used to evaluate the dynamic behavior of the building models. All building models will be evaluated for different Zones condition (3,4 & 5). The sophisticated tool ETABS is used for structural analysis and design. The bracing systems provided at central portion of buildings are proved to be more efficient than the bracing systems provided at peripheral portion of buildings in order to reduce the lateral displacement. The lateral displacement for all storey’s along the Y-Direction are reported more than X-Direction., this is probably due to the higher dimension in X-Direction which obviously exhibits more stiffness.
Comparative analysis of single plane and double plane cable configuration of extradosed bridge
Authors: Sanap B. V. , Dawari V. B.
Published: June 2024

Extradosed bridges blend features of cable-stayed and prestressed concrete box-girder bridges, offering improved aesthetics, construction cost savings, and enhanced durability. The extradosed design employs an extradosed cable system, which provides robust deck support while maintaining a lower overall profile. Analyzing extradosed bridges entails complex considerations of various factors. This study employs MIDAS Civil software to compare the performance of single-plane and double-plane cable configurations of extradosed bridges under permanent load conditions. Parameters such as deflection, bending moment, and shear force are evaluated and compared. The analysis reveals that the double-plane cable configuration exhibits reduced bending moment and shear force compared to the single-plane configuration, enhancing structural stability. The adoption of a double-plane cable configuration for extradosed bridges demonstrates superior structural stability when subjected to permanent loads. This finding underscores the potential benefits of this design approach, including enhanced safety and longevity.
Behaviour of Fully Integral Bridge over Indrayani River
Authors: Phalle S. V. , Dawari B. M.
Published: June 2024

The Integral bridge have a continuous deck that is fully connected to the abutment. This study compares Fully integral bridge and Conventional simply supported bridge commonly under primary and secondary loads. Primary loads refer to the weight of the bridge, traffic loads, water current forces, wind load, seismic load and earth pressure calculations while secondary loads include temperature variations, shrinkage and other environmental factors. The research evaluates the effect of these loads on the structural behavior of the bridges and their resistance to deformation and failure. The bridge on Dehu-Sangurdi road near Pune is taken for case study. The length of bridge is 90 m with 4 spans of each 22.5 m. The STAAD Pro software is used to model and analyze the both type of bridges under different loading conditions. The research findings indicate that Fully integral bridge have higher resistance to deformation. The study compares the response of Fully integral Bridge and Conventional simply supported bridge to these loads based on deflection and bending moment parameters.
Analysis Of the Cable - Stayed Bridge by Varying Cable Position at Deck Level
Authors: Yadav Anand Gaurav , Yadav Prince
Published: June 2024

Cable-stayed bridges have gained significant popularity due to their structural efficiency and aesthetic appeal. The positioning of cables in a cable-stayed bridge plays a crucial role in its overall performance. This research paper presents an analysis of cable-stayed bridges by varying the cable positions at the deck level. The objective is to investigate the impact of different cable configurations on the structural behaviour of the bridge. The study is carried out on Akkar Bridge in Sikkim which is India’s first cable - stayed bridge. The analysis is carried out using CSi Bridge software. Three model of a cable-stayed bridge is developed, considering same cable configurations by applying different conditions. The cables are positioned at different angles and attachment points on the deck, allowing for a comprehensive exploration of their effects. Live loads are taken according to IRC: 6-2017, IRC Class 70R Vehicle load was considered. The structural responses of the cable-stayed bridge are evaluated under various loading conditions, including static and dynamic loads. The time-dependent effects of creep and shrinkage of concrete and relaxation of pre-stressing tendons on stresses and deflection are analysed. Parameters such as bridge deflection, cable forces, and stress distribution are examined to assess the performance and structural integrity of the bridge. The results of the analysis reveal that cable positioning significantly influences the behaviour of the cable-stayed bridge, Changes in cable configuration alter the distribution of forces within the structure, leading to variations in structural response. Optimal cable positions are identified based on minimizing deflection and ensuring efficient load transfer throughout the bridge.
Experimental investigation of durable parameters in high volume flyash concrete used in coastal region
Authors: More Supriya S , Kambekar A R
Published: June 2024

Cement manufacture is a significant source of carbon dioxide (Co2) emissions in the building sector. Thus reduction in carbon footprint is need of the day which can be achieved through use of high volume flyash (HVFA) concrete mix which helps in reducing the cement demand in the concrete mix. HVFA mixes offers better life cycle assessment than the conventional Portland cement concrete mix (OPC). In this study, concrete mix of grade M30 to M70 with OPC mix without flyash was compared with the HVFA mix which had 40% and 50%flyash replacement. The mechanical behaviour such as compressive strength in HVFA mix was less as compared with pure OPC mix on an average by 4 MPA also the rapid chloride penetration (RCPT) was found less than when compared with pure OPC mix for all grades of concrete. For M30 grade of concrete the RCPT values were 1412 coulomb which was less as compared with OPC mix, while the RCPT values with HVFA mix for M35, M40 M45, M50, M60 and M70 was 1412 coulomb, 1317 coulomb, 1056 coulomb, 1182 coulomb, 990 coulomb, 870 coulomb 991 coulomb respectively. When compared to the HVFA mix, the pure OPC mix’s water absorption showed greater values. M30 grade of concrete the water absorption was 31% less than pure OPC. Similarly for M35, M40, M45, M50, M60 and M70 was 12%, 34% 5%, 34%, 38% and 53% respectively. Hence HVFA mix though had strength less than OPC mixes but delivered excellent durability parameters.
Effect on concrete strength and durability with partial replacement of cement by Nano-titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS): A Review Summary
Authors: Vaid Urvashi , Balwinder Lallotra Dr.
Published: June 2024

Concrete has a great ability towards physical strength and durability and is one of the most often utilized building material. The cement companies are finding or seeking an alternative cementitious composite that may reduce environmental impact while increasing concrete’s stability and durability. The researchers have shown keen interest in nanotechnology and industrial by-product which meet the quality standards as well as minimize the harmful emissions produced by the cement industries. This paper mainly focuses on partial alternative to cement in order to improve the properties of concrete, specifically strength and durability. The primary aim of this review paper is to understand the impact on mechanical properties of concrete as well as durability with partial replacement of cement by Nano-titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) by analyzing the existing literature based on concrete characteristics.
Strength and deformation behaviour of zinc tailing waste material for embankment construction
Authors: Bhatt P , Sinha A K , Mariya D P J , Hasan M
Published: June 2024

At present, significant efforts are being made to expand the road network as a result there is a scarcity of locally available material. Conversely, zinc tailing is abundantly available as a waste which is produced during extraction of zinc metal from its ore. Literature indicates that it meets the standard specifications for the construction of embankment and structural fill application. No study has been found regarding the structure interaction between tailing and geogrid to improve the modulus of elasticity of embankment and structural fill. Considering this, a research programme has been conducted to examine the strength and deformation behaviour of tailing with or without geogrid reinforcement by laboratory physical model. Plate load tests were used to compare the modulus of elasticity of reinforced and unreinforced tailing. Tailing was observed that it is a silt size, non-plastic, low compressible, permeable and cohesionless material with high value of shear strength parameter (Φ). It was observed that single layer reinforced fill has more modulus of elasticity than unreinforced tailing fill. About 46 % reduction in settlement was observed which indicates that modulus of elasticity will increase about 83 % if two layers of geogrid reinforcement will be used in comparison to without geogrid. It was concluded that tailing can be used in the construction of embankment as well as structural fill.
A Systematic Review on Utilization of Rice Husk Ash in Manufacturing of Concrete
Authors: Phatak Omkar Abhay , Kishor Roop
Published: June 2024

India, as the second-largest country in terms of rice production, faces the challenge of managing waste generated from rice mills. One potential solution is the utilization of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) in concrete production, which can help address increasing demand for concrete while reducing CO2 emission associated with its manufacturing. RHA is acquired by incinerating rice husks in mills, yielding a remarkable silica content of approximately 90% alongside commendable pozzolanic reactivity. These characteristics make RHA a viable and sustainable building material that can be used as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. Several published studies have explored the successful utilization of RHA in manufacturing of concrete and have examined the attributes exhibited by this concrete during both the early (fresh) and later (hardened) stages. The findings of these studies suggest that RHA holds promise for use in various types of concrete, including normal concrete, high-strength concrete, and self-compacting concrete. Concrete incorporating RHA has shown favourable results in terms of strength and durability parameters. By replacing a portion of cement with RHA, concrete can exhibit comparable or even improved performance compared to traditional concrete mixes. Moreover, the use of RHA in concrete production offers additional environmental benefits. It contributes to resource conservation by utilizing an agricultural waste product that would otherwise be discarded. This approach helps in managing agricultural waste generated by rice mills. By incorporating RHA into concrete, the construction industry can contribute to the circular economy by reducing waste and promoting sustainable practices. In conclusion, the utilization of RHA as a partial cement replacement in concrete offers a promising solution for industrialists and the construction industry in India. It not only addresses the challenge of waste management in rice mills but also helps in mitigating the impact of concrete production on the environment. The addition of rice husk ash in concrete can enhance the strength and durability of the material while providing additional environmental benefits and contributing to the circular economy.
Hybrid Mode Generalized Design Mix Concrete by using Fly Ash & Manufactured Sand including Coconut Fibers
Authors: Khatri S , Kushwah P R , Jain R
Published: June 2024

Due to rapid infrastructure development the outlay of conventional material is greater than ever day by day. Quality control is the major concern in design mix concrete for structural strength consideration. Sometimes conventional materials like cement and sand may not be reached up to the mark of required strength of good quality also. This research paper is intended to lead the advancement of hybrid mode substitution of OPC and river sand by using Fly Ash and manufactured-sand including coconut fibers respectively. In the present research work concrete properties are thoroughly studied to find out the compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete by using fly ash and manufactured sand including coconut fibers in the generalized mix design of concrete. A design mixed generalized procedure has been invented here for 50% cement-50% fly ash sand and 50% natural sand-50 % M-sand to observe changes in the strength of concrete. A comparative study was done and it was concluded that manufactured sand as well as fly ash can be adopted effectively up to 60-65% in concrete mix for better strength including 5% of coconut fibrous to mitigate the environmental disasters.
Numerical modeling of microstructure of slag incorporating cement paste
Authors: Yadeta Andualem , Goyal Pradeep , Sarkar Raju
Published: June 2024

This paper presents a numerical modeling approach aimed at illustrating the complicated microstructure of slag incorporating cement paste. Slag, a by-product of the steel industry, is a sustainable alternative to traditional cementitious materials, and understanding its microstructural characteristics is vital for optimizing its performance in concrete applications. In this study, an advanced computational technique named the CEMHYD3D model was employed to simulate the microstructure of slag incorporating cement paste mixtures. The modeling method involves the discretization of the microstructure and the incorporation of complex hydration reactions. Through this approach, the evolution and microstructural development within the slag-cement paste system over time has been predicted. The microstructural properties of the blend were simulated based on various slag replacement levels and the result agreed with the experimental results. The simulation provides understandings into the interaction between slag particles and the surrounding cementitious matrix, shedding light on the development of the microstructural properties of the composite material. In summary, this paper advances the understanding of the microstructural development of slag-cement paste system through rigorous numerical modeling. The insights gained from these simulations have significant implications for optimizing the use of slag as a sustainable and environmentally friendly component in concrete production.
A Study on Life Cycle Analysis of Bituminous and Cement Concrete Pavements with Recycled Materials in Circular Economy
Authors: Uppuluri Siva Rama Krishna , Tadi Chiranjeevi , Badiger Mohan
Published: June 2024

The pavement engineering community across the world is including the concept of a circular economy. Natural aggregate sources are depleting across the globe and there is a need to use recycled materials in pavement layers without discarding them as waste material. This research paper discusses the suitability of recycled asphalt pavement and recycled concrete aggregate for wearing course layers of bituminous concrete pavement and cement concrete pavement respectively. The suitability of above discussed recycled materials at different proportions is taken from the literature for both pavements. Moreover, a life cycle analysis is carried out regarding the carbon footprint estimation for both the pavements with recycled materials using cradle to grave approach for a typical design problem considered with suitable assumptions. The study emphasizes the benefits of using recycled materials in pavement construction and from the analysis, it is evident that the use of recycled materials with higher proportions in both pavements per kilometer construction showed lower carbon footprint estimation than the pavements built using natural aggregates.
Pothole detection and dimension estimation by deep learning
Authors: Ch Surya Sasank , Tallam Teja
Published: June 2024

Maintenance of roads is a crucial part after the construction of roads in order to improve its design life. Without proper maintenance, deterioration occurs more rapidly out of which potholes are the most common type of road distress that can pose a significant hazard to passengers and vehicles. In order to improve road maintenance, automated systems contribute to improving road safety and reducing infrastructure costs. In this paper one such automated pothole detection system is used by applying CNN (Convolution Neural Network) a deep learning approach with the object detection YOLO (You Only Look Once) to detect potholes in real time. The proposed model used here is trained from scratch on a large pothole dataset with an epochs value of 200, and is validated and tested on custom made dataset. The trained model provided accurate results with an mAP50 of 92% in detection of potholes. Further, an image processing method based on spatial resolution factor is used for dimension estimation of the potholes. The findings of this study assist in the inspection of non-destructive automatic pavement conditions that also contributes in improving road safety and reducing the time and cost required for road maintenance.
Study of Partial Replacement of Thermosets in Bituminous Mix
Authors: Kumar Hemant , Chopra Avani , Singh Gurpreet
Published: June 2024

Bituminous Concrete (BC) is a type of composite material, is typically utilized in construction work including road paving, airports and parking area, etc. These days, the significant increase in commercial vehicle traffic and the compelling daily and seasonal temperature variations place us in a challenging position where we must consider alternatives for improving the pavement’s properties and eminence by implementing possible valuable alterations that will gratify both the strength and the economical aspect. Considering the environmental perspective as well, there is a huge increase in environmental pollution as a result of the excessive usage of plastic in daily life. Keeping environmental perspective in consideration a valid composition of Bakelite and Epoxy resin can be added as an additive to meet the required strength and quality of bituminous concrete as per IRC permissible guidelines. Both the additives are thermosetting plastic by nature and can be well utilized in bituminous concrete. Bakelite and Epoxy resin both are thermosetting plastic and can be use as additive to modify bituminous concrete as per mentioned in IRC guidelines. After studying various aspects of researchers at different percentage of additives at various optimum content of bitumen this study compiles a conclusion that till now, we find best results at 2% of epoxy and 2.5% of Bakelite powder when added separately in mixes. This study deals with the review of various test performed on aggregates, asphalt and the methodologies adopted of using epoxy and Bakelite in bituminous mixes.
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Recycled & Secondary Materials in the Construction of Roads
Authors: Sharma Shashikant Nishant , Lodhi Arjun Singh , Dehalwar Kavita , Jaiswal Anuj
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of recycled and secondary materials in the construction of roads is used to demonstrate the environmental impact of the use of the material from the process of the origin of the material to the end use of the material. This research paper will assess India’s most commonly used construction material. Based on the literature review of the most used construction materials, the bricks and concrete are chosen for detailed study based on the emerging LCA method.

Methods: The method used for this assessment is the LCA model. The LCA method consists of four main phases: goal and scope definition, life cycle inventory (LCI), life cycle impact assessment (LCIA), and interpretation.

Results: The assessment showed us that the long-term use of construction material bricks is not sustainable. Our results showed that while concrete is more durable than bricks and is widely used, the government does not promote the construction of roads using concrete and bricks. Conclusions: The environmental impact of the LCA of construction materials like bricks and concrete can be recycled and used for road construction, and thus, we can reduce the negative impact of construction debris. We concluded that the use of construction debris in the development of roads could help in multiple ways, like reducing solid waste generation, and the issue of the fast filling of landfill sites due to the dumping of construction debris can be reduced to a great extent. While there is limited use of debris in the construction of roads, there are great opportunities for developing more environmentally friendly uses of construction debris in the future.

Recommendations: Based on this study, we recommend using construction debris for transport corridor projects to make them more sustainable in the long run.
Review-Comparative study on Traffic Actuated Signal System for Traffic Management System
Authors: Dongarwar Trupti , Pitale N. H.
Published: June 2024

Traffic Engineering is a branch of Transportation Engineering which discuses planning geometric design and traffic operation of roadway, highway, and street. One of the major fields of traffic Engineering is studying of traffic flow, traffic volume and speed. As the community of the globe develops gradually so the fleet of automobiles also increases. Traffic on the Road depends on peak hours. The traffic is heavy in morning time as compared to afternoon. In rainy Season traffic jam occurs on road after rain has stopped. Due this Problem, the Traffic monitoring is the system which helps to control congestion and avoid traffic accident. Due to traffic congestion, environmental pollution, fuel waste, and waste of time are some of the problems which are faced by the users. Traffic management is a major problem of traffic department in busy roads within the city. Due to traffic congestion during rush hours in today’s world, ambulances, fire brigade, and other emergency vehicles are stuck in traffic and unable to reach their terminus in period, which results in the loss of human life, loss of property. This article discusses numerous strategies used to improve the global transportation system.
A study on steady and dynamic viscosity evaluation of bio-rubberized asphalt binders
Authors: Kumar Ankush , Choudhary Rajan
Published: June 2024

The use of polymer and rubber-based additives for modification of asphalt binders forms a quite popular approach to achieve enhanced performance in the resultant asphalt binders and pavements. The application of bio-rubberized asphalt binders (BRAB) produced with waste-derived rubber and bio-oil/pyrolytic oil modifiers has recently gained interest in obtaining a synergistic effect across a wider temperature regime. In this study, BRAB was prepared through the modification of base binder with a combination of repurposed non-tire vehicular rubber (dosage: 16%) along with bio-oils derived from the pyrolysis of scrap tires (dosage: 6%). As the preparation process also impacts the performance of BRAB binders, the effect of variable preparation/fabrication approaches are assessed in this study. The production of BRAB was attempted through three approaches: sequential addition, heat pre-treatment, and microwave pre-treatment. Modifiers were added to the base binder one by one in the sequential addition method, whereas modifiers were pre-mixed and subjected to thermal and microwave treatments before being introduced to the base binder in the two pre-treatment approaches. A key engineering property that helps to assess the performance of an asphalt binder is the fluid’s flow resistance or its viscosity. The two most prevalent types of viscosity used in asphalt binder evaluation are the dynamic and steady-state viscosity, classified depending on how they are measured. In the dynamic domain, the viscosity is known as complex viscosity, whereas in the steady state, it is known as steady shear viscosity. The zero-shear viscosity (ZSV) is the viscosity that corresponds to the Newtonian plateau in a flow curve at low shear rates or low frequency domain and has attracted a lot of attention from the asphalt industry as a way to evaluate binders’ high-temperature performance. The ZSV can be determined by two test methods: shear rate sweep (in steady state mode) and frequency sweep (in oscillation mode) using a dynamic shear rheometer. This study examined the applicability of both testing methods to get reliable estimates of the ZSV of BRAB binders. The study also investigated the effects of binder preparation approaches on the flow characteristics and ZSV of BRAB binders. The findings help to understand the high-temperature performance of bio-rubberized asphalt under different testing methods.
Safety Analysis of 6-Lane National Highway Using Reactive and Proactive Methods: A Case Study
Authors: Khichad Jeetendra Singh , Vishwakarma Rameshwar J. , Gaur Arun , Sain Amit
Published: June 2024

Globally, traffic-related deaths were 1.35 million per year or nearly 3,700 per day. However, the severity of accidents Over a decade increased by 31.5%, with 37.3 people dying per 100 accidents in India. 4,12,432 accidents (approximately 422 people die daily) were reported in 2021, with 1,53,972 fatalities on Indian highways. National Highways’ safety performance is vital in developing countries such as India. This research paper focuses on the six-lane Jaipur Ring Road, an approximate 150-kilometer-long national highway surrounding the city of Jaipur, India. It is a crucial infrastructure project aimed at easing traffic congestion in and around Jaipur. Initiated in the early 2000s and completed in 2020, the road connects major highways and national highways, reducing traffic congestion and improving connectivity in and around the city. This paper explores the benefits of the Jaipur Ring Road, including improved travel time for commuters, transportation of goods, reduced accident causes, and economic development. Moreover, the article emphasizes the significance of monitoring road conditions to guarantee a secure, effective, and adaptive transportation system. This involves gathering information on road performance safety conditions and identifying areas that require enhancements. The paper highlights the role of trained professionals and community stakeholders in conducting road observations and ensuring that transportation infrastructure meets the needs of local communities. This case study presents some crucial observations made at specific locations on the Jaipur Ring Road. The study aims to analyze the traffic flow, identify potential bottlenecks, and propose solutions to improve the road’s efficiency and safety.
An Experimental Study on Shear Modulus of Alkali Activated GGBS Stabilised Soil
Authors: Thomas Ansu
Published: June 2024

The shear modulus of the alkali activated Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) stabilized soil is evaluated in the current study by conducting triaxial tests under cyclic loading. Stabilised soil samples were prepared and studied for shear modulus by varying the loading frequency, rate of loading and confining pressure.

It is found that the shear modulus degradation is more prominent at lower confining pressure. For a confining pressure of 50Kpa, and cyclic shear strain amplitude of 0.2%, shear modulus degradation varies from 12% to 15.7% for an increase in loading frequency from 0.5Hz to 1.5Hz. Whereas for a confining pressure of 200Kpa, and cyclic shear strain amplitude of 0.2%, shear modulus degradation varies from 2.4% to 6.3% for an increase in loading frequency from 0.5Hz to 1.5Hz. Lateral support decreases the rate of degradation for the same loading frequency. With increase in cyclic shear strain from 0.2% to 0.8% as given in fig, rate of degradation increases from 6.8% to 30.7% for a confining pressure of 200KPa to 50kPa.
Ambient Air Quality Management in Residential Areas of Gorakhpur City
Authors: Verma Priya , Pandey Govind
Published: June 2024

The pace of industrialization has accelerated, particularly in lower income countries, and with it have come environmental issues. Air pollution sources have rapidly increased in parallel with population growth and economic development. As a result, the quality of the ambient air decreases as a result of the emission of several contaminants. Breathing problems, coughing, wheezing, and worsening of cardiac and respiratory disorders are just a few of the health implications that air pollution can have. Because so many people are exposed to it, urban air quality is a great worry. This study evaluates the ambient air quality in the urban residential area of Gorakhpur, which is the campus of Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, over a five-year period. This location in a residential community was particularly chosen to provide an overview of the local air quality. Three air pollutants—respirable suspended particle matter (RSPM), sulphur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen oxide (NOx)—are monitored to assess the air quality in residential areas. In this paper, air quality is examined from the years 2018 to 2022 from UPPCB’s website, and concentration values of PM10, NOx, SO2, and the Air Quality Index of the respective years for a selected residential area will be noted, and a comparison graph will be plotted for analysis. The outcomes will reflect the AQI concentrations of the aforementioned gaseous and suspended solid pollutants, and they will be compared to the allowable values in compliance with the criteria established by the CPCB for a residential area. The concentration of these contaminants can be reduced by taking significant care.
Scenario of Green Building in India: Development of Sustainable approach
Authors: Beniwal Devender Kumar , Kumar Deepak
Published: June 2024

This article furnishes a conceptual framework for applying principles of sustainability to the construction industry, The framework is established on sustainable parameters, which include economic, social, and environmental factors. The framework includes resource conservation, Building Bye-Laws, and design for building optimization. Each theory is explained after a thorough bibliographical review, and some initiative steps taken by the central government in India are presented to clarify the methods and strategies exercised during the life span of construction projects. The development of new technology is changing the way construction professionals think about the information they use to evaluate construction projects. This is because new technology provides a better way to collect and analyze information about construction projects. This enables construction professionals to make more efficient and effective decisions that can save time and money, thus improving the overall performance of the construction industry. The steps needed to be followed from applying to building assessment agencies to get certified according to the points achieved based on building performance. The objective of this paper is to analyze different parameters of sustainable construction, and the steps taken by the Government to embrace the Green Building concept nationwide, This paper also critically evaluates the amendment made in building bye-laws since their introduction in 2004 on both the center and state levels. These green building standards will result in strong political support to help create ecologically sensitive urbanism.
Air Quality Index Assessment Of An Educational Organization
Authors: Gupta Tripti , Ramawat Khushi , Sharma Ratnam , Sharma Naina
Published: June 2024

Uncontaminated and fresh air is an elementary prerequisite of every living being. But, in this day and age, atmosphere contamination-is certainly the most pervasive kind of environmental-degradation. In the ambience, there are several pollutants which have widespread causing contamination in the air. Pollutants of chief concern include gaseous pollutants like carbon monoxide, ozone, oxides of sulphur and nitrogen, lead etc. These are primary pollutants. Secondary pollutants are particulate matters of different types ranging from fine to high. Every single one of these pollutants can cause a severe menace to human-health. In the current research, sensor-based equipments have been used to monitor and measure the concentration of various pollutants in the air. In the present research work, the effect of different pollutants like PM2.5, PM10, NO2 C02, TVOC, H-CHO, Temperature, Humidity and Noise on air pollution at five stations in the education institute namely RCOEM campus is studied and presented. It had been observed that air pollutants like PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 primarily affected the air quality of RCOEM campus. So, these pollutants are mainly considered to monitor and evaluate air quality of RCOEM campus. After evaluation, air quality index of RCOEM campus was found to be around 94.5. It is within the range of 51-100. So, its falls in the range of satisfactory as per standard norms of central pollution control board and state pollution control board in terms of quality of the air and thereby its contamination.
Trend Analysis of Rainfall and Temperature of Periyar River Basin
Authors: Khan Rehan , Sharif Mohammed , Shakeel Mohammad
Published: June 2024

The Periyar River Basin, located in the southern part of India, is an ecologically significant region characterized by diverse flora and fauna. Understanding the long-term trends of rainfall and temperature in this basin is crucial for assessing the impacts of climate change on its hydrological system and ecosystem dynamics. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of rainfall and temperature trends in the Periyar River Basin, using historical climate data spanning several decades. Rainfall analysis revealed substantial inter-annual and intra-seasonal variability in the basin. The Mann-Kendall trend test was employed to detect significant trends in annual and seasonal rainfall. The results indicated a variable trend in the annual rainfall, particularly during the monsoon season, which could have potential implications for water availability and agricultural practices. Temperature trends were analysed using statistical techniques such as linear regression and the Sen’s slope estimator. The results demonstrated a clear warming trend in the basin, with a significant increase in mean annual temperatures. In contrast to the monsoon and post-monsoon seasons, it was discovered that the pace of warming was higher in the winter and pre-monsoon seasons. These temperature trends have important implications for the hydrological regime, ecosystem dynamics, and agricultural practices in the basin. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the changing climate patterns in the Periyar River Basin. The observed variation in annual rainfall and the increasing temperature trends underscore the need for sustainable water resource management strategies, climate-resilient agricultural practices, and conservation measures to mitigate the potential adverse impacts on the basin’s ecosystems and human livelihoods. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers, water resource managers, and stakeholders involved in the sustainable development of the Periyar River Basin and other similar regions worldwide.
Predicting Compressive Strength of Pervious Concrete Using Artificial Neural Network and Regression
Authors: Tekwani B , Gupta A B
Published: June 2024

Conventional concrete is amongst the most practicing materials used in construction industry. Now researchers are gradually progressing to nonconventional concrete for sustainable construction. Pervious concrete is sustainable type concrete, it has little or no fines which makes open cell structure that allows water and air to pass through it. The estimation of strength of normal conventional concrete using Rebound Hammer (RN’) and Ultra-Sonic Pulse Velocity (UPV’) tester has been widely discussed and appropriate models also suggested for correlations, but correlation models for pervious concrete are not yet suggested. In this experimental study two types of pervious concretes were prepared. On these samples Destructive Test (DT) and Non Destructive Test (NDT) were performed. Using the concluded results correlation equations were developed using statistical curve fitting method between crushing strength and RN’ and UPV’ derived for pervious concrete. A Neural Network was also developed to estimate compressive strength of pervious concrete using Destructive Test (DT) and Non Destructive Test (NDT) methods, for this dataset were divided into three sets educating data, testing and validation. A mathematical equation was developed for computations of in situ compressive strength with help of weights and biases extracted from ANN. The obtained results from ANN mathematical model was compared with statistical model. The coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.980 while for statistical curve fitting is 0.743. The RMSE, MAPE and VAF of ANN model are 1.889, 8.45 and 93.11 while for statistical curve fitting are 2.094, 11.58 and 74.3. The results indicate that ANN can have better prediction of compressive strength of pervious concrete.