bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MENINGKATAN MINAT BACA DAN KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS RENDAH MELALUI PENGGUNAAN READING CORNER
Authors: Supriyono Supriyono
Published: May 2023

Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah realita kurangnya minat baca serta kemampuan membaca   peserta didik kelas rendah jenjang sekolah dasar. Reading Corner atau sudut baca adalah sebuah sudut di kelas yang dilengkapi dengan koleksi buku dan pajangan hasil karya peserta didik. Karakteristik pengelolaannya yang bersifat “dari, oleh dan untuk peserta didik”, menyebabkan Reading Corner dapat dijadikan salah satu alternatif dalam meningkatkan meningkatkan minat baca serta kemampuan membaca mereka. Penelitian ini didasarkan pada rumusan masalah bagaimanakah penggunan reading corner untuk meningkatkan minat baca dan kemampuan membaca peserta didik kelas rendah serta apakah penggunan reading corner dapat meningkatkan minat baca dan kemampuan membaca peserta didik kelas rendah di SD Negeri Cengkareng Timur 13 Petang? Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dengan dua siklus penelitian. Subjek penelitian adalah seluruh peserta didik kelas 2B SD Negeri Cengkareng Timur 13 Petang tahun pelajaran 2022-2023 yang berjumlah 28 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan reading corner dapat meningkatkan minat baca peserta didik yang ditunjukkan dengan peningkatan indikator minat baca mereka, serta dapat meningkatkan kemampuan membaca yang ditunjukkan dengan peningkatan hasil tes kemampuan membaca mereka, mulai dari rata-rata 61,4 pada tes pra-PTK, menjadi 73,2 pada tes PTK siklus I dan menjadi 82,1 pada tes PTK siklus II. Kata kunci: minat baca, kemampuan membaca, reading corner
CONSUMER PROTECTION AGAINST WITHDRAWAL OF MOTOR VEHICLES BASED ON FIDUCIAN COLLATERAL
Authors: Manurung Jannus , Rahmatiar Yuniar , Abas Muhamad
Published: May 2023

In the current era, all people can own a motorized vehicle in an easy and fast way. This is triggered by the way to buy a motorized car with credit. In terms of withdrawing vehicles, finance companies use the role of a third party (a debt collector) to carry out their actions in collecting creditors and also carrying out forced withdrawals of collateral objects, where the financing company feels that the actions taken are safe. A debt collector is a third party who assists a finance company in resolving a credit problem that the finance company cannot determine. The problem is how the collector department's implementation of the motorized vehicle withdrawal process is linked to law number 42 of 1999 concerning fiduciary guarantees and how consumer protection for motorized vehicle withdrawals by the collector department is linked to law number 42 of 1999 concerning fiduciary contracts. The research method is qualitative, with the approach used in this research being normative juridical. The results of his study show that Consumer Protection Against Motor Vehicle Withdrawal has not gone well because when a consumer's motorized vehicle has been withdrawn, there is no further information on the vehicle's whereabouts, whether it is being sold or auctioned. So that when the car is going to be auctioned or sold, the consumer needs to know that the result is more than or sufficient to pay off the consumer's debt. Many unscrupulous debt collectors do not have a clear professional status and sometimes threaten consumers, which causes harm to consumers and the most crucial factor they register. A fiduciary Guarantee is the registration of a motorized vehicle as a fiduciary guarantee to have legal certainty for both the party providing the financing and the party receiving the funding. No legal counseling is carried out to the Financing Company related to fiduciary guarantees, especially in registering fiduciary collateral goods, where registration of fiduciary warranties is basically to obtain legal certainty over the object's position fiduciary as well as confidence for the parties agreeing within it.Keywords: Legal Protection, Consumers, Debt Collector
KONFLIK BATIN PARA TOKOH DALAM NOVEL MOUDY KARYA SIWULANI (KAJIAN PSIKOLOGI SASTRA)
Authors: Juliani Resta , Wardarita Ratu , Missriani Missriani
Published: May 2023

Psikologi sastra dapat diartikan sebagai ilmu yang mengkaji suatu karya sastra melalui sisi kejiwaan yang terdapat dalam karya sastra tersebut. Psikologi sastra berfokus pada permasalahan-permasalahan dan kejiwaan yang tertuang dalam karya sastra tersebut dengan mengaitkan studi psikologis.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana konflik batin para tokoh dan upaya para tokoh menyelesaikan masalah dalam novel Moudy karya Siwulani. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Data penelitian ini adalah data verbal berupa semua cerita yang tertuang dalam novel Moudy karya Siwulani. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah novel Moudy karya Siwulani. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik dokumentasi. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan terdapat 7 klasifikasi emosi yaitu konsep rasa bersalah, rasa bersalah yang dipendam, menghukum diri sendiri, rasa malu, kesedihan, kebencian, dan cinta. Terdapat 8 cara penyelesaian masalah yang dilakukan para tokoh yaitu mengakhiri hidup, mencari kebenaran, pergi, berserah pada Tuhan, bersyukur, menjauhi sumber masalah, meminta maaf, dan mengikhlaskan.Kata Kunci : Konflik Batin, Novel, Psikologi Sastra.
PEMAPARAN PENGALAMAN MELALUI SISTEM TRANSIVITAS DALAM TEKS PIDATO PRESIDEN JOKO WIDODO: KAJIAN LINGUISTIK SISTEMIK FUNGSIONAL
Authors: Agung Reski Dewa , Gusnawaty Gusnawaty , Maknun Tadjuddin , Hasyim Muhammad
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap partisipan, proses dan sirkumstan sebagai media pemaparan ide dan pengalaman penutur dalam Pidato Presiden Joko Widodo mengenai rencana persiapan kegiatan KTT G20 Tahun 2022, dan kaitannya dengan konteks situasi yang ada dalam teks tersebut. Penelitian merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan teori linguistik sistemik fungsional sebagai alat analisis. Sumber data berupa Pidato Presiden Joko Widodo mengenai rencana persiapan kegiatan KTT G20 Tahun 2022 yang diakses melalui laman resmi Sekretariat Kabinet Republik Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode simak dengan membaca secara keseluruhan pidato, dan teknik catat yakni mencatat pidato tersebut sebelum membaginya menjadi potongan klausa. Hasil penelitian dalam pidato tersebut ditemukan tiga unsur yang menjadi pembangun dalam penggambaran ide dan pengalaman penutur, yaitu partisipan, proses dan sirkumstan. Partisipan yang ditemukan berupa partisipan jenis manusia dan partisipan bukan manusia. Partisipan jenis manusia menjadi partisipan yang paling banyak kemunculannya dengan persentase kemunculan sebanyak 87%. Proses yang ditemukan dalam pidato tersebut berupa proses material, mental, verbal dan relasional. Proses verbal menjadi proses yang paling banyak kemunculannya dengan persentase kemunculan sebanyak 60%. Sirkumstan yang ditemukan dalam pidato tersebut berupa sirkumstan sebab, masalah, rentang, lokasi dan peran. Sirkumstan jenis lokasi yang merujuk pada waktu menjadi sirkumstan yang paling banyak kemunculannya dengan persentase sebanyak 38%. Berdasarkan analisis transicitas dan dikaitkan dengan konteks situasi dapat diketahui bahwa Presiden Joko Widodo ingin memberitahukan kepada khalayak umum, baik dalam negeri maupun luar negeri mengenai persiapan yang telah dilakukan oleh Joko Widodo sebagai ketua kegiatan KTT G20 Tahun 2022 dan masalah yang akan dibahas pada kegiatan tersebut.Kata kunci: transivitas, teks pidato, Joko Widodo
FILSAFAT PENDIDIKAN REALISME
Authors: Yuliyanti Yuliyanti , Damayanti Evi , Hidayat Soleh , Dewi Ratna Sari
Published: May 2023

Terdapat beberapa aliran filsafat pendidikan di dalam ranah teori pendidikan yaitu pragmatisme, realisme, idealisme, dan lain-lain. Artikel ini akan membahas tentang filsafat pendidikan realisme. Namun, kita memiliki falsafah pendidikan nasional kita sendiri, yaitu Pancasila. Kita perlu mempelajari berbagai aliran filsafat pendidikan, tetapi pendidikan yang kita selenggarakan harus tetap berdasarkan Pancasila. Tujuan dari tugas artikel studi literatur ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan memahami makna filsafat pendidikan realisme, pandangan tentang hakikat pendidikan, hakikat pendidikan, pandangan terhadap peserta didik, pandangan terhadap pendidik, metode pendidikan atau pembelajaran yang tepat serta kurikulum. Metode penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan. Data yang diperoleh dikumpulkan, dianalisis dan disimpulkan untuk memperoleh kesimpulan mengenai studi literatur. Teknik pengumpulan data diperoleh melalui catatan dan penelitian terdahulu, berupa buku, laporan ilmiah, jurnal dan berita yang tersebar di media tentang permainan tradisional. Habituasi adalah metode utama bagi penganut Realisme. Peran Pendidik dan Siswa: Pendidik adalah pengelola kegiatan belajar mengajar (kelas berpusat pada guru). Pendidik harus menguasai pengetahuan yang dapat berubah, menguasai keterampilan teknik mengajar dengan kewenangan menuntut prestasi siswa. Sedangkan siswa berperan dalam penguasaan ilmu, taat aturan dan disiplin.Kata kunci: Filsafat, Pendidikan, Realisme
RAGAM MAKNA SEMANTIK PADA LIRIK LAGU DUNIA TIPU-TIPU KARYA YURA YUNITA
Authors: Triastuti Saadiah
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui makna leksikal, makna gramatikal, dan makna asosiatif. Makna tersebut dijadikan objek penelitian karena masyarakat sekarang banyak yang menikmati dan mendengarkan lagu Dunia Tipu-Tipu yang mencermintakn tentang kehidupan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini deskriptif kualitatif. Data penelitian ini berupa lirik lagu yang terdapat pada lagu Dunia Tipu-Tipu yang meengandung berbagai makna. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik dokumentasi dan catat. Analisis data yang digunakan menggunakan metode teknik hubung banding membedakan (HBB) digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi kata, frasa, klausa pada lirik lagu Dunia Tipu-Tipu karya Yura Yunita berdasarkan bentuk makna leksikal, gramatikal, dan asosiasi. Hasil yang didapatkan dalam penelitian ini ditemukan adanya ragam makna dalam lagu Dunia Tipu-Tipu. Hasil yang didapatkan dalam makna lagu, yaitu (1) makna leksikal yang terdiri dari repetisi (pengulangan), sinonimi (persamaan kata), dan antonimi (lawan kata), (2) makna gramatikal yang terdiri dari proses afiksasi, reduplikasi, dan komposisi, (3) makna asosiasi yang terdiri dari makna konotatif, afektif, dan kolokatif. Penelitian ini dilakukan agar pembaca memahami dan membedakan ragam makna semantik dalam bahasa.Kata Kunci: asosiasi, gramatikal, leksikal, lagu, makna
PENGGUNAAN MAKSIM DALAM DISKUSI BILL GATES
Authors: Buansari Istihayyu , Rasyid Yumna , Miftahulkhairah Miftahulkhairah
Published: May 2023

Setiap hari manusia menggunakan bahasa untuk berkomunikasi. Orang menggunakan bahasa tidak hanya untuk menjelaskan kata-kata tetapi juga untuk melakukan suatu tindakan. Bahasa performatif yang digunakan orang untuk melakukan suatu tindakan disebut tindak tutur.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis tindak ilokusi yang terjadi dalam ujaran-ujaran Bill Gates, (2) untuk mengetahui tindak ilokusi yang paling sering dilakukan oleh Bill Gates, dan (3) untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis maksim yang terjadi dalam ucapan-ucapan Bill Gates. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teori Illocutionary Act dari Kreidler dan teori Maxims dari Grice. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah ucapan-ucapan Bill Gates dalam diskusi TED-nya yang berjudul “How we must respond to the coronavirus pandemic”. Hasil penelitian menemukan terdapat 98 data maksim yang ditemukan dalam 32 tuturan, maksim kualitas menjadi yang tertinggi ditemukan sebanyak 32 kali, relevansi sebanyak 27 kali, cara sebanyak 22 kali, dan yang paling sedikit adalah kuantitas sebanyak 17 kali. Maksim kualitas terjadi menjadi yang tertinggi karena keyakinan pembicara pada apa yang dikatakannya benar dan dapat divalidasi. Kata kunci: ujaran, tindak tutur, pragmatik, ilokusi, maksim
ASPEK KEBERPIHAKAN PENULISAN PELAKU KRIMINALITAS PADA SURAT KABAR HARIAN REPUBLIKA
Authors: Trisnasari Wuri Dian , Hartanto Bagus Hady , Rochmah Erlina Chamalia
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan strategi yang digunakan pada penulisan pelaku kriminalitas oleh wartawan surat kabar harian Republika pada artikel-artikel bertema kriminalitas yang dipublikasi melalui edisi daring. Pada penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode analisis isi sebagai metode utama. Data utama dalam penelitian ini yaitu, kata, klausa, kalimat, dan wacana yang berkaitan dengan teori inclusion dan exclusion Theo Van Leeuwen. Sumber data yang digunakan yaitu surat kabar harian Republika tema kriminalitas edisi daring. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini yaitu dengan teknik simak-catat agar peneliti dapat mencatat segala hal yang berkaitan dengan teori inclusion dan eksklusi Theo Van Leeuwen. Teknik analisis data menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan simpulan. Hasil penelitian ini, peneliti menemukan beberapa strategi penulisan pelaku kriminalitas oleh wartawan Republika diantaranya yaitu (1) Kategori Determinasi-Indeterminasi, (2) Kategori Nominasi-Kategorisasi, (3) Kategori Asimilasi-Individualisasi, dan (4) Kategori Nominasi-IdentifikasiKata kunci: Exclusion, Inclusion, Republika, Surat Kabar
KEMANDIRIAN TOKOH UTAMA PEREMPUAN DALAM NOVEL LAYANGAN PUTUS KARYA MOMMY ASF
Authors: Fitriani Tasya Desan , Israhayu Eko Sri
Published: May 2023

Seringkali pemeran yang tercantum dalam karya sastra ialah perempuan yang dianggap pengarang memiliki benang merah untuk dijadikan cerita yang menarik. Perempuan dalam dunia sosial selalu dipandang harus mengikuti norma sosial. Perempuan selalu digambarkan memiliki sosok tangguh dan mandiri. Tangguh memiliki arti bahwa perempuan sukar dikalahkan dan memiliki kekuatan dalam dirinya untuk menghadapi sesuatu. Mandiri juga diartikan sebagai perbuatan dan perilaku perempuan yang tidak menggantungkan nasibnya kepada orang lain. Salah satu novel yang menceritakan mengenai kemandirian tokoh perempuan yaitu Layangan Putus karya Mommy Asf. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa perempuan berhak memunculkan dirinya di ruang publik, mengejar cita-cita, dan memiliki hak dalam memilih. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu kualitatif. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan feminisme, di mana feminisme memiliki hubungan dengan tokoh perempuan yang terdapat pada karya sastra dalam menyetarakan hak dan kewajibannya dengan laki-laki. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini yaitu novel Layangan Putus karya Mommy ASF. Novel ini terbit di tahun 2020 oleh RDM Publishers. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik baca dan catat. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan simpulan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, peneliti menemukan bentuk kemandirian, yaitu (1) kemandirian emosi data; (2)kemandirian sosial; (3)kemandirian intelektual dan (4) kemandirian ekonomi.Kata kunci: perempuan, feminisme, kemandirian
KIAT MENJADI PENGAJAR BIPA BERKUALITAS
Authors: Ediwarman Ediwarman
Published: May 2023

Kesempatan menjadi pengajar BIPA telah terbuka lebar. Siapapun dapat menjadi pengajar BIPA dengan latar belakang program studi berbagai macam. Pengajar BIPA dapat datang dari program studi pendidikan maupun nonpendidikan. Oleh karena, pengajar BIPA hanya dituntut mampu menggunakan bahasa Indonesia yang baik dan benar, serta menguasai kebudayaan Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pustaka yaitu penelitian yang mengkaji hasil riset yang dipublikasikan atau tidak. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini yaitu hasil dari riset yang dipublikasikan atau tidak dalam jurnal, website, buku Pustaka, dan sebagainya. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan pembacaan kepustakaan. Hasil pengkajian yaitu pengajar BIPA yang professional mampu mengajarkan Bahasa Indonesia dengan baik dan dapat mengintegrasikan kebudayaan dalam pembelajaran BIPA.Kata kunci: Profesionalitas, Pengajar BIPA
APPLICATION OF PROJECT-BASED LEARNING TO IMPROVE STUDENTS' CREATIVE THINKING ABILITY IN REAL ANALYSIS COURSES
Authors: Herawati Susi , Amelia Puspa , Vermana Listy
Published: May 2023

Based on the preliminary research in the Real Analysis material, especially those related to limits, it was found that 83.37% of students had moderate and low mathematical reasoning abilities. This condition shows that students are not able to solve problems, because students' creative abilities are low. Developing of student’s creative abilities can be done through Project-Based Learning. This study aims to improve students' creative thinking skills through Project-Based Learning. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Data analysis is in the form of valid project sheets, practical creative thinking skills using indicators of Fluency, Flexibility, and Novelty. Data was analyzed  with the normalized gain score formula. The results showed that of 12 students who took the Real Analysis course, 75% of students' thinking skills were low, and 25% were moderate. When compared with the conditions before learning for the three indicators 1.25, 1.13, and 0 with after learning there was an increase of 2.17, 2.17 and 0.5.Keywords: Project-Based Learning, creative thinking
MATHEMATICAL PROBLEM SOLVING ABILITY IN VIEW OF LEARNING STYLES
Authors: Firmansyah Muhammad Arie , Syarifah Lely Laillatus
Published: May 2023

Problem solving ability is very important in mathematics education, because problem solving ability is one of the goals in learning mathematics. The ability to solve mathematical problems is influenced by various factors, including the various student learning styles. This study aims to describe students' mathematical problem solving abilities in terms of learning styles. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach. The subjects used were 8 semester 1 students, 6 students were taken with the following details, namely 2 students with a visual learning style, 2 students with an audiotorial learning style, and 2 students with a kinesthetic learning style. Data collection techniques used learning style questionnaires, problem solving ability tests, and interviews. Data analysis techniques include data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study show a description of students' mathematical problem-solving abilities in terms of learning styles as follows: (1) visual students can understand the problem well, devise an appropriate solution plan, carry out the plan correctly, and re-check the answers that have been made. (2) auditory students can understand the problem well, develop appropriate resolution plans, carry out plans correctly, but do not carry out the stage of re-checking answers. (3) auditory students can understand the problem well, have not been able to write a settlement plan correctly, are less able to carry out the steps of the settlement plan, and re-check the answers that have been done.
MATH ANXIETY AS A PREDICTOR OF MATH COMMUNICATION ABILITY ON SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Haniyah Dinda , Khusna Hikmatul
Published: May 2023

Math anxiety is one of the aspects that plays a role in the form of talent that students have, so that if math anxiety can be controlled properly, so this aspect also has an important effect on students' math communication ability. This research aims to determine math anxiety as a predictor of the math communication ability of high school students. The sample in this research was at SMAN 10 Bekasi in semester 1 of the 2022-2023 academic year class XII. The research method used is the correlational research method. The sampling technique used is Simple Random Sampling. The sample taken was 58 students. The results of the research instrument test were obtained by testing the math communication ability test instrument as many as 5 questions and the math anxiety questionnaire instrument as many as 32 questions. This research have only examines one prediktor on math communication ability not only math anxiety many other factors affect math communication ability which has 91.2% and math anxiety as a predictor is also very small with 8.8% because it is effected by other factors So, students' communication ability cannot yet be said to be ideal.  Because the average student does not have the math communication ability to ask questions and in solving math problems still depends on his friends. Meanwhile, students who have good grades are mostly due to often practicing questions at home and have the active to ask the teacher.
Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Tingkat Tinggi Mahasiswa dalam Mata Kuliah Statistik
Authors: Kurniason Hugo Theo
Published: May 2023

Thinking skills is one of the factors that determine the success of learning statistics. Higher order thinking skills are part of thinking skills, so that higher order thinking skills also determine the success of learning statistics. This study aims to describe the higher order thinking skills of Sekolah Tinggi Agama Katolik Negeri Pontianak students in statistics. This study used qualitative methods. The results of this study indicate that the higher order thinking skills of Sekolah Tinggi Agama Katolik Negeri Pontianak students are in the low category. When viewed for each indicator, the ability to analyze, evaluate, and create is in the low category.
EPIZOOTOLOGICAL SITUATION ON TOXOPLASMOSIS AMONG LIVESTOCK ANIMALS IN THE TAVUSH REGION OF ARMENIA
Authors: Gevorgyan R. G.
Published: May 2023

Toxoplasmosis occupies one of the first places in the world among all foodborne

parasitic diseases, since it is recorded on all continents and can affect many species

of mammals and birds. The causative agent of toxoplasmosis, Toxoplasma gondii,

is the obligate zoonotic parasite that can be transmitted from animals to humans.

The main sources of infection are soil contaminated with cat feces, poorly thermally

processed meat, and transplacental route of transmission. There is scanty data

available in Armenia to assess the role of livestock animals as a source of alimentary

toxoplasmosis in humans. In this regard, the purpose of this work was to conduct a

pilot study on the identification of seroprevalence in some livestock animals using

the Tavush Region of Armenia as an example. An ELISA was used to screen 241

samples for the detection of total T. gondii antibodies in blood serum. As a result,

42 (17.4%) of all tested samples reacted positively including 23 (39%) samples

from small cattle, 4 (28.6%) from pigs, and 15 (8.9%) from cattle. Thus, our data

correlate with the data of a number of foreign authors with the prevailing proportion

of seropositive sheep and pigs. To obtain a complete picture of toxoplasmosis among

livestock animals, research in this direction should be continued.
ANALYSIS OF THE INCIDENCE OF ECHINOCOCCOSIS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Ermakova L. A. , Dumbadze O. S. , Chernikova M. P. , Dimidova L. L. , Tverdochlebova T. I.
Published: May 2023

This paper presents the results of the analysis of official reporting data on the

incidence of echinococcosis for the last 5 years (2017–2021) and the analysis

results of maps of the epidemiological survey of echinococcosis foci in the Russian

Federation for the same period. During 2020–2021, a significant decrease in

incidence rates for cystic echinococcosis was recorded, as well as in the total

number of detected parasitic diseases almost in 1.8 compared to 2018, which is evidently due the limited availability of routine medical care to patients during the

pandemic of the new coronavirus disease, COVID-19. But it should be noted that

the incidence of alveococcosis remained at the same level over the last 5 years. Rural

residents of working age suffer from echinococcosis more often. Despite significant

improvements in the methods of instrumental diagnosis of echinococcosis and

increased availability of high-tech medical care, echinococcosis-associated lethal

outcomes are recorded annually in the Russian Federation. The lethality rate of

cystic echinococcosis varied from 0 to 1.1% for the last 5 years, and alveococcosis,

from 2.0% to 6.25%.
EPIZOOTOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ECTOPARASITOSIS OF CARNIVORES IN THE MEGAPOLIS (BY THE EXAMPLE OF NOVOSIBIRSK)
Authors: Zubareva I. M. , Yudina N. V. , Efremova E. A.
Published: May 2023

The most well-known ectoparasites of dogs and cats are fleas and Acariformes,

which are also carriers of infectious and invasive diseases. Animals admitted to the

veterinary clinic served as the material for the research. The study involved 3346

animals, of which 1596 cats and 1707 dogs. Classical life-time diagnostic methods of

ectoparasitosis were used. The results obtained show that among all dermatological

patients, the proportion of those infected with ectoparasites was 47.6%. Among

ectoparasites, fleas were most often recorded; the prevalence of infection was 4.78%.

Aphanipterosis was recorded in all seasons of the year, the maximum invasion of

1.76% was observed in autumn, and the minimum of 1.30% in winter. The second

most common disease was otodectosis (IP 1.94%). The heyletiellosis rate was 0.27%

(total 9 animals, including 1 cat); and demodicosis, 0.24%. Notoedrosis was only

diagnosed in the cats with IP 0.15%, sarcoptosis was recorded in the dogs with IP 0.09%. Ectoparasite infections are recorded at any time of the year, however, the

peak of invasion occurs to a greater extent in the summer-autumn months. They can

also occur at any age, but are more common in cats and dogs under one year of age.
HELMINTHIC CENOSES OF THE EURASIAN BADGER (MELES MELES, L., 1758) IN THE NORTH-WESTERN CAUCASUS
Authors: Itin G. S. , Kravchenko V. M.
Published: May 2023

On the territory of the North-Western Caucasus from 2010 to 2022, 60 badgers

from 3 landscape-geographical zones were studied by the method of complete

helminthological dissection. The prevalence and intensity of invasion, abundance

index and dominance index were calculated. Infection of badgers with helminths

was 100%. Helminthic cenosis was represented by 20 species of parasitic worms

from 4 classes Trematoda, Cestoda, Nematoda and Acanthocephala, and 16

families. The detected helminths included 6 trematode species (30.0%), 3 cestode

species (15.0%), 10 nematode species (55.0%) and one species of Acanthocephala

(5.0%). Nineteen helminth species were found in the plain zone, 15 species in the

foothill zone, and 9 species in the mountainous zone. The dominant trematode

species was Euparyphium melis (the II average 32.0 specimens; AI 9.6; DI 16.5%).

Subdominant species were Alaria alata (the II average 16.4 specimens; AI 5.5; DI

9.4%) and Pharyngostomum cordatum (II average 31.5 specimens; AI 3.1; DI 5.4%).

The dominant cestode species was M. lineatus (II average 11.0 specimens; AI 5.1;

DI 8.8%), and subdominant species was T. crassiceps (II average 7.3 specimens; AI

2.8; DI 4.8%). The dominant nematode species was U. stenocephala (II average 37.5

specimens; AI 17.5; DI 30.1%), and subdominant species were Molineus patens (II

average 24.6 specimens; AI 4.5; DI 7.8%), and Thominx aerophilus (II average 7.6

specimens; AI 2.4; DI 4.1%). Analysis of the stomach contents of the badgers showed

that a significant proportion of the diet consisted of animal feed which was present in

the stomach of 90.0% of the examined animals. Fragments of rodents, amphibians,

reptiles, fish, insects, mollusks, and annelids were found in their stomach.
DIROFILARIASIS DIAGNOSTICS IN DOGS
Authors: Kravchenko V. M. , Kravchenko G. A. , Itin G. S.
Published: May 2023

As a result of our own long-term research, a comparative analysis of clinical

signs, and laboratory, immunological and instrumental methods for diagnosing

dirofilariasis of dogs in the North-Western Caucasus was carried out. As a result

of the study, it was found that only a comprehensive diagnosis performed in stages

allows us not only to diagnose most accurately both mature nematodes and their

microfilariae but also to significantly reduce the economic component. Therefore,

when diagnosing dirofilariasis in dogs, it is necessary to take into account only the

most specific clinical signs. Laboratory methods should combine both simple express

methods and more complex, time-consuming ones. When choosing immunological

test systems, it is necessary to take into account not only their economic feasibility,

but also the qualitative component, since the main principle of test system operation

is the reaction to Dirofilaria antigens contained in the blood of an infected dog. They

can be used for both individual and group research. When choosing instrumental

diagnostic methods such as CT, MRI, ultrasound, etc., which are aimed at detecting

sexually mature nematodes, and due to their high cost and complexity, it is necessary

to take into account their expediency based on predicting the disease outcome.
TO THE FAUNA OF GALL-FORMING ARTHROPODS IN VLADIKAVKAZ
Authors: Kudaeva F. M. , Cheglakov D. S. , Bugulova I. V. , Byazrova E. G.
Published: May 2023

The regional assessment of the fauna of gall-forming arthropods on the vegetation

of urban ecosystems in North Ossetia indicates a significant distribution of pests.

Ticks with the prevalence of 62.5% dominate in the structure of phytophagans of the

studied plants in Vladikavkaz. The proportion of gall-forming insects is 37.5%. Of

the 25 species of studied plants, 8 are susceptible to arthropod attack. Gall-forming

insects infect laminas of two types of trees and one type of shrub. Thus, the willow

gall sawfly (Pontania proxima) was identified on the goat willow (Salix caprea), the

elm-grass root aphid (Tetraneura ulmi) on the elm rough (Ulmus glabra), and the

red currant aphid (Cryptomyzus ribis) on the golden currant (Ribes aureum). Gallforming mites inhabiting laminas of four types of trees and one type of shrub. Walnut

leaf gall mite (Eriophyes tristriatus) was detected on the walnut (Juglans regia), the

grape leaf rust mite (Calepitrimerus vitis) on the common grape (Vitis vinifera), the pear blister mite (Eriophyes pyri) on the pear Nart (Pyrus "Nart"), the maple gall mite

(Aceria macrorhyncha) on the sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus), and the red

nail gall mite (Eriophyes tiliae) on the Caucasian linden (Tilia caucasica).
MORPHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF SEROTONERGIC NEURONS IN CESTODA MESOCESTOIDES VOGAE LARVAE
Authors: Kuznetsov G. V. , Kreshchenko N. D. , Mitkovskii D. E. , Terenina N. B. , Hrčková G.
Published: May 2023

The immunocytochemical study of cestode larvae, Mesocestoides vogae tetrathyridia

(Cestoda, Mesocestoididae) detected serotonin-immunopositive neurons and fibers

in the central and peripheral nervous system. The wholemounts were analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The size of serotonergic neurons, and

the distance between the lateral nerve cords, and between the commissures were

measured for the first time in the head, middle, and posterior regions of the larvae.

Serotonergic nerve components of the M. vogae larvae were detected in the nerve

ganglia in the head located between four suckers on the anterior part, as well as

between clearly visible three pairs of lateral, dorsal, and ventral longitudinal nerve

cords connected by transverse commissures. The distance between the lateral nerve

cords was 130.90±33.92 µm, and between the commissures, 24.66±6.02 µm. Sizes of

M. vogae’s neurons were as follows: length, 9.84±1.97 µm, and width, 7.19±1.50 µm.

The largest serotonergic neurons were observed in the head region of the cestodes.

The neurons in the head and middle regions of the body demonstrated the most

intensive staining. The results indicate wide spreading serotonin in flatworms which

is already found in the early stages of their life cycle.
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY FORMULA: NEW STYLIZED CATEGORY TO REPRESENT THE MAIN PARAMETERS OF HELMINTH BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
Authors: Moskvin A. S.
Published: May 2023

Within the section of general helminthology, based on the diversity analysis of biological

cycles of helminth development, and the objective availability of common algorithms

in closely related species, a conceptual proposal has been developed to introduce a new

stylized category, the Helminth Developmental Biology Formula (DBF), into theory

and scientific practice. The new category, the DBF, is designed for a logically sound,

stylized and concise presentation of essential elements of bioecological characteristics

of helminths. Basic regulations for the formation of the formula structure have been

developed. A number of indicative parameters are proposed which, in accordance with

helminthological terminology and pictograms, form the informational basis of the

helminth DBF category. The regulation algorithm is universal, and, taking into account

the bioecology characteristics of helminths, it is applicable to the DBF formation for

representatives from various zoological taxa. On the example of biological cycles of

development of trematode Paramphistomum daubneyi Dinnik, 1962, cestode Spirometra

erinacei-europaei (Rudolphi, 1819), nematode Avioserpens mosgovoyi Suprjaga, 1965,

Acanthocephala Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus (Pallas, 1781), and Monogenea

Diplozoon paradoxum Nordman, 1832, in a stylized format, the structure and

information content of the category Helminth Developmental Biology Formula are presented. The field of practical use of the helminth DBF is the following: 1) scientific

and methodological, educational and reference helminthological literature, as an

additional subheading within the main Helminth Developmental Biology Section;

2) in computer databases of various thematic orientation, in scientific characterization

of the main bioecological parameters of helminths, due to the need to present material

in a concise format.
METHODOLOGY FOR THE APPLICATION OF THE SUPRAMOLECULAR COMPLEX OF IVERMECTIN "ANIVERM-2.0%" AGAINST PARASITOSIS OF HERD HORSES
Authors: Musaev M. B. , Zashchepkina V. V.
Published: May 2023

Deworming untamed herd horses is a difficult task. It is more convenient to use drugs

by free feeding, individually or in groups in a mixture with concentrated feed. In

this regard, we have developed a new dosage form for the treatment and prevention

of parasitosis in herd horses by free feeding in a mixture with concentrated feed

based on the substance ivermectin, which has a high antiparasitic activity and a wide

spectrum of action. To obtain an antiparasitic supramolecular complex based on the

substance ivermectin, an innovative mechanochemical technology was used using two

water-soluble polymers of low molecular weight polyvinylpyrrollydon-17 and natural

arabinogalactan. The aim of the work is to develop a methodology for the use of the

supramolecular complex ivermectin "Aniverm-2.0%" against parasitosis of herd horses.

The drug "Aniverm-2.0%" is a supramolecular complex of ivermectin, a water-soluble

solid powder of a light beige color, tasteless, with an easily perceptible coniferous odor.

The methodology provides a brief description of the drug, its mechanism of action,

pharmaco-toxicological properties, the procedure for use, the timing of slaughtering

animals and personal safety measures. According to the degree of impact on the body

of warm-blooded animals, the drug "Aniverm-2.0%" belongs to low-toxic substances.
APPLICATION OF THE IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF TOXOPLASMOSIS AND TOXOCARIASIS
Authors: Novak M. D. , Novak A. I. , Kanina I. V.
Published: May 2023

Preparative immunological and serological studies for toxoplasmosis and toxocariasis

were carried out. Antigenic and antibody immunoreagents based on proliferative

forms of Toxoplasma gondii, excretory and secretory components of larval stages of

Toxocara canis and specific immune sera were developed. When using the obtained

diagnostic preparations, the blood serum of livestock and carnivorous animals and

humans was examined for Toxoplasma and Toxocara antibodies and antigens using

the immunochromatographic assay (IСA). IgG to Toxoplasma gondii in an ELISA

were found in young men under 17 years of age. A study using the ICA express test

of blood serum of housewives and students from the Northwest African countries

revealed Toxoplasma antigens in 1.2 and 9.0%, respectively, and antibodies in 10.5

and 16.0%. The ICA in different age groups of people showed the highest level of

Toxocara canis seropositivity among children, adolescents and young people aged

from 9–12 to 17–20 years. Immunochromatographic assay belongs to the group

of molecular biological methods and allows reliable detection, in the express test variant, of both pathogen antigens and antibodies. The ICA informativeness is 98%

with high sensitivity. The above method in the express test variant makes it possible

to seroepidemiological and seroepizootological monitoring for acute and latent

toxoplasmosis, as well as for toxocariasis (larva migrans syndrome).
HELMINTH FAUNA OF THE FOX (VULPES VULPES) IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF THE EUROPEAN PART OF RUSSIA
Authors: Panova O. A. , Andreyanov O. N. , Kuznetsova A. D. , Kuznetsov K. S. , Khrustalev A. V.
Published: May 2023

Wild carnivores are involved in the maintenance of natural foci of helminth infections,

and among their pathogens there are species of zoonotic significance. The purpose

of the research was the study of helminth distribution in the fox (Vulpes vulpes) in the Central Region of the European part of Russia. Thirty foxes were examined by the

method of complete helminthological dissections. Twenty three helminth species

were recorded including the following 17 species in the digestive tract: Aonchotheca

putorii (23.3%), Gnathostoma spinigerum (3.3%), Uncinaria stenocephala (66.6%),

Toxascaris leonina (53.3%), Toxocara canis (23.3%), Molineus patens (13.3%),

Ancylostoma caninum (3.3%), Taenia sp. (40%), Echinococcus multilocularis

(30.0%), Mesocestoides sp. (10.0%), Macracanthorhynchus catulinus (13.3%), Alaria

alata (66.6%), Apophallus donicus (50.0%), Isthmiophora melis (23.3%), Metorchis

bilis (23.3%), Opisthorchis felineus (13.3%), and Echinochasmus perfoliatus (6.6%).

The following three nematode species were found in the respiratory system: Eucoleus

boehmi (26.6%), Eucoleus aerophilus (63.3%), and Crenosoma vulpis (46.6%).

The nematode Dirofilaria immitis (3.3%) was found in the heart of one fox. Half

of the animals had Pearsonema plica (syn. Capillaria plica) (50%) in the bladder.

Trichinella sp. (6.6%) were found in the muscle tissue. We identified 6 nematode

species, 1 cestode species and 5 trematode species which are pathogens of zoonosis.
DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES OF THE GENUS MELOIDOGYNE GOELDI, 1887 IN THE TASHKENT OASIS OF UZBEKISTAN
Authors: Akbarova M. Kh. , Egamberganova A. Sh. , Saidova Sh. O. , Eshova Kh. S.
Published: May 2023

Infection of plants with nematodes is still one of the main limitations of crop

productivity. The research material is the infected rhizosphere and the roots of

various plant crops collected on farms and personal subsidiary plots of the Tashkent

Oasis. Four species of Meloidogyne Goeldi, 1887 were found in the study area in

the Tashkent Oasis: M. arenaria, M. javanica, M. incognita, and M. hapla. It was

established that infection of plants with nematodes depended on the characteristics of

plant resistance, as well as soil and climatic conditions of the study region. However,

the degree of occurrence of individual species on plants varied significantly. In terms

of distribution of nematode species in the closed soil conditions of the Tashkent

Oasis by districts and cities, M. arenaria was determined to be the most common

species, whereas the least common species was M. javanica. The highest infection

with nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne in the districts of the Tashkent Region was

64.0% on personal subsidiary farms of the Yangiyul District, and the lowest infection

was 12.5% on personal subsidiary farms of the Buka District. M. arenaria is the most

common species in the Tashkent Oasis, and M. javanica is the least common species.

M. arenaria and M. incognita are dominating species, M. hapla is common, and M.

javanica is rare.
HELMINTHS OF THE AMERICAN MINK (NEOGALE VISON SCHREBER, 1777) IN THE KIROV REGION
Authors: Strelnikov D. P.
Published: May 2023

The American mink is an introduced species for the Kirov Region. The analysis

of helminth infection of the American mink was carried out in urban conditions

and natural biocenoses of the Kirov Region (floodplains of the Vyatka, Kama,

Cheptsa and Moloma Rivers) in the north-east of the European part of Russia. The

method of complete helminthological dissection was used to study 109 carcasses

of the American mink from natural biocenoses and urbanized landscapes of the

city of Kirov and other settlements of the Kirov Region (residential areas). In the

studied animals, species, sex, age, weight and fatness of the animal were determined.

Age was determined by the method of V. G. Klevezal. Eighteen species of parasitic

worms belonging to 3 classes were identified, namely, trematodes (4 species),

nematodes (13 species), and cestodes (1 species). Five new species were found for

the Kirov Region including Metorchis bilis (Braun, 1890), Crenosoma taiga (Skrjabin

et Petrov, 1928), and Mustelivingylus skrjabini (Romanov et Kontrimavichus, 1962).

Of these, 8 species were found in urban areas. Most often, infection occurred with

4 helminth species, Aonchotheca putorii, Aonchotheca mucronata, Crenosoma taiga,

and Skrjabingylus nasicola. Epizootological and epidemiological danger is posed

by Trichinella nativa. In minks, the bladder (A. mucronata) and frontal sinuses (Sk.

nasicola) are often affected.
ROLE OF DOMESTICATED CAT (FELIS CATUS) IN EPIZOOTOLOGY OF ALVEOLAR ECHINOCOCCOSIS
Authors: Andreyanov O. N. , Uspensky A. V. , Postevoy A. N.
Published: May 2023

Currently, the question of the role of the domesticated cat as the definitive host of

the tapeworm E. multilocularis remains controversial. The purpose of the present

studies was to experimentally identify the role of the domesticated cat in the spread

of alveococcosis. Rats infected with metacestodes E. multilocularis were euthanized,

hydatids were dissected, passed through a meat grinder, and a protoscolex suspension

was obtained. Scoleces in the Mogileva-Kotelnikov chamber were counted, their

viability was assessed, and 12 domesticated cats were infected with a dose of 20,000

scoleces per animal. The animals were euthanized weekly. The cats were examined by

helminthological methods. After a week of the experiment, it was found that helminths

got acclimatized in the cats. In the small intestine of the adult cats, 382 and 1500 (1.9

and 7.5%) scoleces of the alveolar cestode were found, and 980 and 2500 (4.9 and

12.5%) in the kittens. At the second week of the experiment, 210 and 800 (1.0 and 4.0%)

immature cestodes were recorded in the adult cats, and 1600 and 550 (8.0 and 2.7%) immature cestodes were recorded in the kittens. In the third week of the experiment,

cestodes were not found in the intestines of the animals. Minimal prevalence, and

intensity of the alveococcosis lesion invasion in the domesticated cat (Felis catus) shows

the questionable epizootic nature of alveolar echinococcosis.
GASTROINTESTINAL STRONGYLATOSIS OF HORSES
Authors: Timerbaeva R. R. , Shageeva A. R. , Frolov G. S.
Published: May 2023

The epizootic situation was studied on gastrointestinal strongylatosis of horses in

Sosna, LLC of the Baltasinsky District, the Republic of Tatarstan. The study objects

were horses of different age groups, breeds, and sexes, spontaneously infected by

nematodes. Coproscopic studies were carried out by the modified helminthovoscopic

Kotelnikov-Khrenov method with ammonium nitrate and the helmintholarvoscopic

Shilnikov method. The generic assignment of pathogens of gastrointestinal

strongylatosis of horses was determined by cultivating nematode larvae belonging to

the Strongylata suborder. As a result of the coproscopic studies, it was found that horses

of different age groups were invaded by pathogens of gastrointestinal strongylatosis.

In December 2021, 30 horses were tested for helminthiasis. The results of the studies

showed that 20 out of 30 animals had gastrointestinal Strongylata infections with

66.7% extense-invasiveness, and the intense-invasiveness of 1 to 37 egg specimens in the field of view. The remaining 10 horses were free of helminths. The studies indicate

that the examination of the horses in Sosna, LLC detected intestinal nematodiasis

the causative agents of which were nematodes of the Strongylata suborder, the

genus Triсhonema. Thus, widespread parasitic diseases of horses on the farm were

gastrointestinal strongylatosis, in particular trichonematosis.
FEATURES OF MECHANOCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PARASITOCIDES
Authors: Khalikov S. S.
Published: May 2023

The purpose of the research is to study the features of the mechanochemical

modification of medicinal substances with low solubility in water. According to

the Biopharmaceutics Classification System, about 6% of medicinal substances

belong to the group of insoluble medicinal substances, and about 47%, to practically

insoluble medicinal substances, i.e. more than a half substances have problems with

solubility, and therefore bioavailability and pharmacological activity. To achieve

the therapeutic effect of such substances, it is necessary to deliberately increase

the dosage of the substance, which increases the cost of the drug, as well as safety

risks of pharmacotherapy. The work evaluated possibilities of mechanochemical

modification of a number of known anthelmintic substances with low solubility

to increase this parameter. It was shown that during machining of such substances

in the presence of polymeric substances, solid dispersions were formed that had

increased solubility while maintaining high anthelmintic activity with decreased

dosage of the active substance. Preparations in the form of solid dispersions can be

used both orally and by a group method to 10-20 animals, mixed with compound

feed. For low-melting substances, a liquid-phase machining method is proposed to

obtain stable suspension concentrates that are convenient for oral administration.

The prospects for obtaining mixed compositions based on two substances are shown,

which makes it possible to obtain combined preparations with a wide spectrum of

action with the minimized volume and frequency of their use.
THE EVOLUTION PROCESS OF EPIPHYTOSYSTEMS OF ANGUINOSIS (ANGUINA SPP.) OF CEREALS
Authors: Shesteperov A. A.
Published: May 2023

The evolution of flowering plants including the Gramineae family is associated with

birds and mammals that play a large role in distribution of seeds. The appearance

of galls in the evolution which are formed as a result of the vital activity of Anguina

in various organs of cereal plants resembles the convergence process with flowering

plant seeds. Like seeds, galls firstly appear to be the resting structures having a

strong envelope which helps Anguina to survive unfavorable conditions. Like seeds,

galls possess the same distribution ways that have been developed in the evolution,

namely by wind, water, mammals and birds. Anguina form galls that look like seeds

of cereals, namely plant embryo in a seed and many nematodes in galls. Together

with coevolution of the epiphytosystem (plant + phytoparasite + herbivore), one

herbivore species in biogeocenosis is changed for another species that ousts it in the

competitive struggle. However due to its peculiarities such species spread seeds and

galls poorly. Different microorganisms adapt to each species of the epiphytosystem

including those "useful" for the epiphytosystem. Bacteria Rathayibacter tritici and R.

toxicus colonized galls and caused death of herbivorous mammals. Those animals

stopped to consume cereal seeds and galls which granivorous birds began to consume

and "sow" seeds and galls into typical and other biogeocenoses. As a result of the

coevolution, the epiphytosystem with included toxic microorganisms developed to a

higher level. The very set of anguinosis epiphytosystems in a particular biogeocenosis

is determined by historically established interspecific relationships and characteristics

of coalition of host plants, Anguina, “useful” bacteria, herbivores and birds.