bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation between emotion dysregulation and mood symptoms of bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Oliva Vincenzo , De Prisco Michele , Fico Giovanna , Possidente Chiara , Fortea Lydia , Montejo Laura , Anmella Gerard , Hidalgo‐Mazzei Diego , Grande Iria , Murru Andrea , Fornaro Michele , de Bartolomeis Andrea , Dodd Alyson , Fanelli Giuseppe , Fabbri Chiara , Serretti Alessandro , Vieta Eduard , Radua Joaquim
Published: September 2023

Background

Emotion dysregulation (ED) is a transdiagnostic construct characterized by difficulties regulating intense emotions. People with bipolar disorder (BD) are more likely to show ED and use maladaptive emotion regulation strategies than adaptive ones. However, little is known about whether ED in BD is a trait or it is rather an epiphenomenon of mood symptoms.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the evidence across major literature databases reporting correlations between measures of emotion regulation (overall ED and different emotion regulation strategies) and measures of depressive and (hypo)manic symptoms in BD from inception until April 12th, 2022.

Results

Fourteen studies involving 1371 individuals with BD were included in the qualitative synthesis, of which 11 reported quantitative information and were included in the meta‐analysis. ED and maladaptive strategies were significantly higher during periods with more severe mood symptoms, especially depressive ones, while adaptive strategies were lower.

Conclusion

ED significantly correlates with BD symptomatology, and it mainly occurs during mood alterations. ED may be a target for specific psychotherapeutic and pharmacological treatments, according to precision psychiatry. However, further studies are needed, including patients with mood episodes and longitudinal design, to provide more robust evidence and explore the causal direction of the associations.
Environmental suitability and potential range expansion of the Eurasian beaver in Italy
Authors: Falaschi Mattia , Ficetola Gentile Francesco , Viviano Andrea , Mazza Giuseppe , Mori Emiliano
Published: September 2023

Reintroduction and rewilding initiatives are key strategies to reverse human impacts on ecosystems and re‐establish natural processes. However, rewilding may involve complex management scenarios, because many expanding species can have economic impacts and cause human–wildlife conflicts. Conflicts can be particularly challenging when carnivores, large herbivores and ecosystem engineers are involved. The Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) is a key ecosystem engineer that was once present in a large part of the Palearctic, but in Medieval times underwent a severe decline due to the joint effects of habitat loss and hunting. Subsequent legal protection and reintroductions triggered the recovery of the species through most of its original range. Eurasian beavers recently started the recolonization of Italy, because of the joint effects of natural dispersal (from Austria to northern Italy) and illegal reintroductions (central Italy). The lack of data on the most likely colonization routes hampers appropriate management of this species. Here, we identified the areas where beaver populations are most likely to arrive in the near future within Europe, with a specific focus on Italy. First, we developed spatially cross‐validated species distribution models to identify the areas with the highest suitability for the Eurasian beaver in Europe. Second, we used connectivity modelling to assess the possible expansion routes of this species in Italy. Large areas of Europe are suitable for the beaver and may soon be colonized. The connectivity model showed a high potential for expansion from central Italy to surrounding areas, while the high isolation of northern Italy populations suggests a slower expansion. Our results can help environmental managers to understand where to focus both the future monitoring of beaver populations and actions aimed at preventing and mitigating possible human–wildlife conflicts that could arise from the expansion of an environmental engineer such as the beaver.
Posthatch developmental changes in the ovary with emphasis on follicular development and atresia in the native chicken (Uttara fowl) of Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Mohd Khan Idrees , Saleem Rabab , Choudhary Om Prakash , Singh Ishwar
Published: September 2023

This experiment was designed to investigate the postnatal development of the ovary in the Uttara fowl chicken and was conducted on 54 apparently healthy female birds divided into different age groups, namely Day 1 and Weeks 1, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28 with six birds each. During postnatal development, the left ovary gradually increased in size and complexity. The segmentation of the ovary started by 4 weeks, follicular eruption by 8 weeks, small liquor follicles (1–5 mm) appeared by 16 weeks, pre‐hierarchical follicles by 20 weeks and hierarchical follicles by 24 weeks of age. The cortex was distinctly differentiated from the medulla in the early stage of ovarian development. However, the division between cortex and medulla was gradually obscured with age (transitional stage) and distinction was completely lost in the mature ovary. The different stages of follicular development in the chicken ovary were classified as primordial, primary, growing at Stage I, II and III stromal follicles besides pre‐hierarchical and hierarchical surface follicles. The primordial and primary follicles showed cytoplasmic sudanophilic substances, especially in the Balbiani's yolk body, indicating the presence of lipids (Sudan Black B) with no activity for neutral polysaccharides (periodic acid Schiff method). It was observed that apoptotic changes may affect any stage of developing follicle resulting in arrested growth and atrophy. An early form of follicular atresia was the fate of the growth‐arrested primordial and primary follicles, whereas the glandular form of atresia was commonly observed in growing follicles arrested at Stages I and II. The scanning electron micrographs unveiled the follicles as hollow oval structures with a follicular lumen lined by the perivitelline membrane (glycoprotein membrane) having lacunae giving a honeycomb‐like appearance.
Association between immunity and different clinical symptoms in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Xiao Huan , Yin Tailang , Diao Lianghui , Zhang Yan , Huang Chunyu
Published: September 2023

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a disease with endocrine and metabolic disorders. The main symptoms are hyperandrogenemia (HA), insulin resistance (IR), and ovulation disorder. However, the pathogenesis and pathophysiological process of these major symptoms in PCOS are still not well defined. In recent studies, the chronic low‐grade inflammatory state has become one of the factors affecting PCOS. Some alterable immune factors in PCOS, such as interleukin‐15 and interleukin‐1, have been identified to be related to androgen synthesis and insulin resistance in PCOS. In addition, a disturbed immune microenvironment in the ovary leads to impaired follicular growth and ovulation. Previous studies have roughly reviewed the relationship between immunity and PCOS. However, the link between the different clinical manifestations of PCOS and immunity has not been well explored and analyzed. The clinical presentation of each patient is diverse, and symptomatic treatment is mainly used. Therefore, this article reviews several representative immunological factors that affect these three symptoms to explore the underlying mechanism, which will be beneficial for developing new treatment strategies.
Daily solitude and well‐being associations in older dyads: Evidence from daily life assessments
Authors: Zambrano Garza Elizabeth , Pauly Theresa , Choi Yoonseok , Murphy Rachel A. , Linden Wolfgang , Ashe Maureen C. , Madden Kenneth M. , Jakobi Jennifer M. , Gerstorf Denis , Hoppmann Christiane A.
Published: September 2023

Older adults spend significant time by themselves, especially since COVID‐19. Solitude has been associated with positive and negative outcomes. Partners need to balance social connectedness with time for one's own needs. This project examines how individual and partner solitude are associated with daily affect and relationship quality in dyads of older adults and a close other. One‐hundred thirty‐six older adults plus a close other rated their relationship quality and reported affect, solitude, and its characteristics (desired and bothersome) every evening for 10 days. Over and above overall associations, individual and partner effects emerged; when individual desired solitude was up, participants reported more positive affect and their partners less negative affect. When bothersome solitude was up, participants and their partners alike reported more negative affect and less positive affect. Desired solitude was associated with more support, whereas bothersome solitude was associated with less partner support. Findings provide further evidence on the potential benefits of solitude, highlighting the importance of considering the social context of what is often believed to be an individual‐level phenomenon.
Mood induction through imitation of full‐body movements with different affective intentions
Authors: Schmidt Eva‐Madeleine , Smith Rebecca A. , Fernández Andrés , Emmermann Birte , Christensen Julia F.
Published: September 2023

Theories of human emotion, including some emotion embodiment theories, suggest that our moods and affective states are reflected in the movements of our bodies. We used the reverse process for mood regulation; modulate body movements to regulate mood. Dancing is a type of full‐body movement characterized by affective expressivity and, hence, offers the possibility to express different affective states through the same movement sequences. We tested whether the repeated imitation of a dancer performing two simple full‐body dance movement sequences with different affective expressivity (happy or sad) could change mood states. Computer‐based systems, using avatars as dance models to imitate, offer a series of advantages such as independence from physical contact and location. Therefore, we compared mood induction effects in two conditions: participants were asked to imitate dance movements from one of the two avatars showing: (a) videos of a human dancer model or (b) videos of a robot dancer model. The mood induction was successful for both happy and sad imitations, regardless of condition (human vs. robot avatar dance model). Moreover, the magnitude of happy mood induction and how much participants liked the task predicted work‐related motivation after the mood induction. We conclude that mood regulation through dance movements is possible and beneficial in the work context.
Estimating biocontrol agent spread: A case study using introduced dung beetles
Authors: Vieira Marcela Del Carmen , Manger Jake , White Benedict , Berson Jacob D. , Dempster Fiona , Evans Theodore A.
Published: September 2023

Insect biological control agents may be released in relatively few locations; thus, the rate of spread is critical to predicting the spatial distribution of the agent.

Exotic dung beetles have been introduced into Australia since the 1960s to bury dung, reduce bush fly populations, increase pasture productivity and improve livestock health.

We use a stochastic cellular automata model to predict the historical occupancy and abundance of introduced dung beetles in the South West agricultural region of Western Australia. The model predicts the spread of four species of dung beetles in six‐month time steps for 10 years following initial release. Our model includes release locations, species‐specific ecological parameters, dung resource availability and weather variables.

The average rate of spread varied between species from a high of ca. 79 km/year (Euoniticellus intermedius) to a low of 28 km/year (Onthophagus taurus). Thus, after 10 years, the area of spread varied between 99,175 and 34,175 km2 and abundance varied from 88,100 to 4,189 beetles/km2.

These findings provide an estimate of the spread patterns of dung beetles. The model can be used to guide future dung beetle release programmes in Australia and elsewhere.
Mortality and clinical outcomes following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection among individuals with haematological malignancies: A Danish population‐based cohort study
Authors: Lund Lars Christian , Rahbek Martin Torp , Brown Peter , Obel Niels , Hallas Jesper , Frederiksen Henrik
Published: September 2023

Objectives

We aimed to quantify the risk of death following a positive test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) among individuals with haematological malignancies, stratified by virus variants and type of malignancy.

Methods

Using the Danish nationwide registries, we conducted a population‐based cohort study among individuals who received a discharge diagnosis of haematological malignancies during the 5 years prior to testing positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 (February 2020–April 2023). All individuals were followed for 30 days after a positive test, and overall and time‐stratified case fatality risks (CFR) were estimated.

Results

We identified 7154 individuals with a history of haematological malignancies who tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2. Among these, we observed 223 deaths, yielding a CFR of 3.1%. The CFR was highest at the beginning of the pandemic (10%) and gradually declined to 1.9% during the period of Omicron BA1/BA2 predominance. The highest CFR was observed among individuals with acute leukaemia (CFR 6.2%, adjusted relative risk 1.95, 95% confidence interval 1.33–2.88) compared to individuals with lymphoma (CFR 3%).

Conclusions

We observed a reduction in the CFR over time, which may be attributed to new treatments, COVID‐19 vaccination and the emergence of less aggressive variants.
Artificial intelligence in psoriasis: Where we are and where we are going
Authors: Liu Zhenhua , Wang Xinyu , Ma Yao , Lin Yiting , Wang Gang
Published: September 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a field of computer science that involves the development of programs designed to replicate human cognitive processes and the analysis of complex data. In dermatology, which is predominantly a visual‐based diagnostic field, AI has become increasingly important in improving professional processes, particularly in the diagnosis of psoriasis. In this review, we summarized current AI applications in psoriasis: (i) diagnosis, including identification, classification, lesion segmentation, lesion severity and area scoring; (ii) treatment, including prediction treatment efficiency and prediction candidate drugs; (iii) management, including e‐health and preventive medicine. Key challenges and future aspects of AI in psoriasis were also discussed, in hope of providing potential directions for future studies.
Effect of texture evolution and defect on the crack initiation of a Ni‐based superalloy electron beam welded joint
Authors: Wen Shengming , Liu Zhicheng , Jiang Chao , Li Bochuan , Wang Xiaogang , Dai Chao
Published: September 2023

Electron beam welding (EBW), a high‐quality and precise joining process, is widely used in aerospace manufacturing. In this study, through in situ scanning electron microscope (SEM) fatigue experiments and X‐ray computed tomography (CT) scanning technology, we revealed the fatigue crack initiation and propagation mechanism in GH4169 superalloy EBW joints under different post‐welding heat treatment conditions. The welded pores have a decisive effect on the fatigue properties of direct aging treatment welded joints. Fatigue cracks initiate from pore defects on the surface or in the subsurface. Due to the heterogeneous microstructure in weld seam, fatigue cracks tend to grow along the primary dendrite axis and secondary dendrite arms. Besides, in homogenization and aging treatment specimen, intergranular fatigue cracks tend to nucleate in the slip zone of large grains and twin boundaries. Although homogenization treatment can eliminate segregation, it also results in significant grain growth in both weld seam and base material.
Negotiating work, family, and traffic: Articulations of married women's employment decisions in Greater Jakarta
Authors: Setyonaluri Diahhadi , Utomo Ariane
Published: September 2023

The international literature on women and work calls on scholars to consider geographical, sociocultural, and institutional contexts governing women's employment dynamics over their life course. In Indonesia (and other lower middle‐income regions in Southeast Asia), female labor force participation is lower in urban areas than rural areas. The largest drop‐off occurs after marriage and childbearing. In this article, we argue that class and spatial context matters in examining the relationship between gender norms, gendered mobilities, and employment outcomes in mega‐urban settings. Using qualitative research, we probe beyond conventional demographic studies to explore the dynamics of married women's (decisions to stay, leave, change, or return to) employment in Greater Jakarta, Indonesia's largest urban core. Our participants were discouraged from employment participation by norms that prioritize married women's role as primary caregivers, and spatial and workplace/regulatory constraints. Our analysis underscores how the participants' employment‐related decisions consistently revolve around the concept of opportunity costs, defined as conflicts and tensions arise from mother's time away from children due to gender norms, lack of childcare and flexible formal employment options, and the long working and commuting hours in Greater Jakarta. Economic pressures for women to participate in the labor market are not matched by work–family policies, which are still rooted in entrenched ideals of women as wives and mothers.
Exploring the influence of job demands and resources on organisational justice views in a sample of correctional staff
Authors: Lambert Eric G. , Solinas‐Saunders Monica , Hogan Nancy L.
Published: September 2023

This study examined the influence of job demands (role ambiguity, role conflict, role overload and dangerousness) and job resources (job variety, supervisor structure and training views) on employee perceptions of procedural justice, general perceptions of distributive justice, and specific perceptions of distributive justice. Using a sample of 160 employees at a high‐security prison, the regression analyses found that only demands of role conflict was inversely correlated with procedural justice and both distributive justice measures. Role ambiguity was inversely related to procedural but was not related to either dimension of distributive justice. Furthermore, dangerousness was inversely associated with distributive justice (both general and specific), but it was not correlated with procedural justice. Among the job resources, job variety was positively associated with procedural and both distributive justice measures. Supervisor structure was predictive of procedural but not distributive justice. Role overload, and training views had non‐significant relationships with all the justice measures.
Recent developments on utilising diverse plant seed flours as novel functional ingredients for noodle formulation and their impact on quality attributes
Authors: Roobab Ume , Maqsood Sajid
Published: September 2023

Noodles are popular food items in many cultures and are consumed by people of all ages worldwide. As consumers become more health conscious, there is an increased interest in incorporating nutritious and health‐promoting ingredients into traditional foods. Compared to wheat flour, which has a high total carbohydrate content and low protein quality, plant seed flour is rich in proteins, fibres and other essential nutrients. This review aimed to compare the nutritional value, cooking characteristics and sensory qualities of noodles made with various plant seed flours with those of traditional wheat flour‐based noodles. This review covers various types of seed flours from fruit and vegetable seeds, herbs and plants, oilseeds, cereal and pseudocereal seeds, legumes and edible seeds and examines how these flours affect the quality parameters of noodles, such as texture, colour, flavour and cooking time. The addition of plant‐based seed flours to noodles can enhance their nutritional value and offer healthier options for consumers. However, it is crucial to consider the effects of these flours on noodle quality to ensure that the final product meets consumers' expectations. The addition of seed flour to functional noodles is of significant scientific and practical importance because it can help reduce food waste, enhance nutrition and provide functional benefits to the final product.
The contribution of informal learning in the integration process of immigrants into the labour market: Individual and organisational perspectives in selected sectors
Authors: Annen Silvia
Published: September 2023

In Germany and Canada, the integration of immigrants into the labour market is closely related to the various approaches towards the recognition and validation of informal learning. This paper aims to analyse the informal learning measures undertaken by immigrants as well as those offered by employers in the health and information and communication technology sectors during the labour market integration process. The study focused on nurses as well as IT project managers and programmers. The comparison focuses on the occurrence and quality of the four dimensions of the dynamic model of informal learning from an individual and an organisation perspective. The results show similarities between these two perspectives regarding the relevance of the four dimensions in the integration of immigrants into the labour market. In addition, clear differences between the two investigated sectors as well as country‐specific differences appear.
Emancipation really matters: Why family firms might be a preferable choice for Syrian refugees in Egypt? An exploratory study
Authors: Mousa Mohamed , Abdelgaffar Hala
Published: September 2023

This study explores the relations within the current broader literature on migration and entrepreneurship and specifically investigates the extent to which Syrian refugees in Egypt prefer to establish family businesses and why. A qualitative research method is employed by conducting semi‐structured interviews with 45 Syrian partner/managers of micro, small and medium‐sized family businesses in Egypt. Thematic analysis was used to determine the main ideas in the interview transcripts. Syrian refugees in Egypt were found to prefer to establish family businesses. And the following were considered to be the main antecedents of such preference: action resources (economic challenges and poor salaries in the host country; refugee financial insolvency; refugees' limited social network), emancipation values (refugees' trust in working with each other; refugees' intention to pay back the support/gratitude perceived from the host country) and civic entitlement (governmental support to family businesses).
A facility location problem for extracurricular workshop planning: bi‐level model and metaheuristics
Authors: Polino Sahori , Camacho‐Vallejo José‐Fernando , Villegas Juan G.
Published: September 2023

This paper presents a facility location problem with capacitated multiservice facilities in which the allocation of the users is based on their preferences. The problem arises from an educational program, where a government agency or a nongovernmental organization (NGO) offers extracurricular workshops to elementary school students. These workshops promote the development of academic, social, or cultural skills of the students. This problem is formulated as a bi‐level program. The government/NGO is associated with the upper level, which aims to minimize the costs for opening workshops in different schools and the costs of allocating students to each workshop. The lower level is related to the students and seeks to optimize their global preferences for the offered workshops. To solve this problem, we propose a single‐level reformulation and two metaheuristics (a path‐relinking metaheuristic (PRM) and an iterated local search (ILS) procedure). The best performing method is the PRM that generates saturated initial random solutions following a drop heuristic approach. After different phases of improvement (with drop and exchange heuristics), the solutions undergo a path‐relinking procedure. The trajectory between the initial solution and the best solution found so far is explored using a randomized backward path‐relinking strategy that thoroughly explores the neighborhood of the best solution. Computational experimentation indicates that the proposed PRM metaheuristic is effective and efficient. The results obtained provide better upper bounds in shorter running times than the ones obtained by the single‐level reformulation or the ILS procedure. Finally, the application to a realistic case study of Apodaca municipality in Nuevo Leon, Mexico, shows that large‐scale instances can be solved efficiently using the proposed metaheuristic.
The efficacy of utility functions for multicriteria hospital case‐mix planning
Authors: Burdett Robert L. , Corry Paul , Yarlagadda Prasad , Cook David , Birgan Sean
Published: September 2023

A new approach to perform hospital case‐mix planning (CMP) is introduced in this article. Our multicriteria approach utilizes utility functions (UF) to articulate the preferences and standpoint of independent decision makers regarding outputs. The primary aim of this article is to test whether a utility functions method (UFM) based on the scalarization of aforesaid UF is an appropriate quantitative technique to (i) distribute hospital resources to different operating units and (ii) provide a better capacity allocation and case mix. Our approach is motivated by the need to provide a method able to evaluate the trade‐off between different stakeholders and objectives of hospitals. To the best of our knowledge, no such approach has been considered before in the literature. As we will later show, this idea addresses various technical limitations, weaknesses, and flaws in current CMP. The efficacy of the aforesaid approach is tested on a case study of a large tertiary hospital. Currently UF are not used by hospital managers, and real functions are unavailable, hence, 14 rational options are tested. Our exploratory analysis has provided important guidelines for the application of these UF. It indicates that these UF provide a valuable starting point for planners, managers, and executives of hospitals to impose their goals and aspirations. In conclusion, our approach may be better at identifying case mix that users want to treat and seems more capable of modeling the varying importance of different levels of output. Apart from finding desirable case mixes to consider, the approach can provide important insights via a sensitivity analysis of the parameters of each UF.
Nonsurgical rhinoplasty using the hyaluronic acid filler VYC‐25L: Safety and patient satisfaction in a retrospective analysis of 492 patients
Authors: Jalali Arash
Published: September 2023

Background

Aesthetic treatment of the nose with hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers is increasingly popular but carries a small risk of major complications. Large patient cohorts are required to better understand this risk.

Aims

To evaluate safety and patient satisfaction in a large series of nonsurgical rhinoplasty treatments with the HA filler, VYC‐25L, in “real world” clinical practice.

Methods

This was a retrospective analysis of consecutive adult patients undergoing nonsurgical rhinoplasty with VYC‐25L by a single injector between January 2020 and July 2022. All patients received initial treatment (typically ~0.3–0.5 mL of filler) and touch‐up at 4–6 weeks (~0.1–0.3 mL). Safety data were collected throughout a mean follow‐up of 11.1 months. Patient satisfaction was assessed using the FACE‐Q Satisfaction with Nose and Satisfaction with Outcome questionnaires.

Results

A total of 492 patients were included (984 treatment sessions including touch‐ups). Of these, 467 (94.9%) were female and the mean age was 30.0 years. All treatments were associated with early transient edema; other adverse events included bruising (n = 123; 25%), residual asymmetry (n = 18; 3.7%), and suspected localized vascular occlusion (n = 3; 0.6%). The latter cases were easily resolved with hyaluronidase injection plus oral steroid and aspirin. No patients experienced infection, necrosis, blindness, lumps, granuloma, or delayed‐onset nodules. Mean Rasch‐transformed FACE‐Q scores were 90.2% for Satisfaction with Nose and 99.2% for Satisfaction with Outcome.

Conclusions

In a large cohort of patients treated in routine practice based on a systematic approach, nonsurgical rhinoplasty with VYC‐25L was safe and effective.
Tracing social connections in the Victorian Jewish Writers Project
Authors: Katzir Brandon , Katzir Lindsay
Published: September 2023

In March 2022, we launched the Victorian Jewish Writers Project (VJWP), a digital collection of texts written by nineteenth‐century British Jews accompanied by short articles on significant authors, places, and events of the Anglo‐Jewish world. When we began building the collection in 2021, our conceptual framework was clear: Victorian Jewry is underrepresented both in Jewish Studies and Victorian Studies, so we would create a resource to supply primary texts and some analytical information to anyone interested. Despite our familiarity with archive theory, we considered our role in the project as little more than what Latour calls intermediaries, or “mere informants.” Yet, the process of digitizing and publicizing a canon, particularly a canon tied to a cultural heritage, is an inherently social act, and in this article we will explore the modes of social engagement inherent in creating and maintaining digital archives. In particular, we make use of Latour’s actor‐network theory to understand the relationships forged by archives in digital spaces.
Structural variations in crocodile lizard populations provide novel insights into genomic variations in endangered animals
Authors: Xiong Lei , Zhou Zeshuo , Song Yi , Huang Shichen , Li Zhiyuan , Zhu Xuechi , Xu Lei , Kong Xiangdong , Jiang Yuxin
Published: September 2023

Population‐scale genome resequencing of endangered animals may contribute to gaining an understanding of how genomes vary as population sizes become smaller, as well as the functional implications of such variation. In this study, we analysed structural variations and gene presence and absence variations in the genomes of population of the endangered crocodile lizards. We found that the frequencies of some genes showed significant differences between crocodile lizards in different regions, indicating the influence of environmental selection, as well as potential contributions from demography and isolation, in shaping gene presence and absence variations. The haplotype diversity of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes was also found to differ among crocodile lizards inhabiting different regions. These findings indicate that well‐designed interbreeding of crocodile lizards from different regions may facilitate the exchange of genes between different lizard populations and increase the haplotype diversity of MHC genes, which may be beneficial for the survival of these lizards. Our findings in this study, based on differences in gene structural variation, provide new insights into genomic variation and may contribute to the conservation of endangered animals.
Growth dynamics and molecular bases of evolutionary novel jaw extensions in halfbeaks and needlefishes (Beloniformes)
Authors: Schneider Ralf F. , Gunter Helen M. , Salewski Inken , Woltering Joost M. , Meyer Axel
Published: September 2023

Evolutionary novelties—derived traits without clear homology found in the ancestors of a lineage—may promote ecological specialization and facilitate adaptive radiations. Examples for such novelties include the wings of bats, pharyngeal jaws of cichlids and flowers of angiosperms. Belonoid fishes (flying fishes, halfbeaks and needlefishes) feature an astonishing diversity of extremely elongated jaw phenotypes with undetermined evolutionary origins. We investigate the development of elongated jaws in a halfbeak (Dermogenys pusilla) and a needlefish (Xenentodon cancila) using morphometrics, transcriptomics and in situ hybridization. We confirm that these fishes' elongated jaws are composed of distinct base and novel ‘extension’ portions. These extensions are morphologically unique to belonoids, and we describe the growth dynamics of both bases and extensions throughout early development in both studied species. From transcriptomic profiling, we deduce that jaw extension outgrowth is guided by populations of multipotent cells originating from the anterior tip of the dentary. These cells are shielded from differentiation, but proliferate and migrate anteriorly during the extension's allometric growth phase. Cells left behind at the tip leave the shielded zone and undergo differentiation into osteoblast‐like cells, which deposit extracellular matrix with both bone and cartilage characteristics that mineralizes and thereby provides rigidity. Such bone has characteristics akin to histological observations on the elongated ‘kype’ process on lower jaws of male salmon, which may hint at common conserved regulatory underpinnings. Future studies will evaluate the molecular pathways that govern the anterior migration and proliferation of these multipotent cells underlying the belonoids' evolutionary novel jaw extensions.
Reply to Sullivan: Idealism and limits
Authors: Spinney Oliver Thomas
Published: September 2023

In this discussion I argue that Peter Sullivan is wrong to suggest that Wittgenstein's position in the Philosophical Investigations involves a commitment to transcendental idealism. I show that Sullivan's interpretation involves holding that transcendental idealism was employed by Wittgenstein in the attempt to combat a Platonist mythology. I show, through a detailed appraisal of Wittgenstein's discussion of samples, that Wittgenstein's approach to Platonism does not involve any such employment of transcendental idealism. I conclude that there is no such motivation as Sullivan finds in Wittgenstein for endorsing transcendental idealism, and that we ought not, therefore, ascribe to him such a view.
Photocatalytic oxygenation of sulfide using solar light and ingenious GQDs@AQ catalyst: Mechanistic and synthetic investigations
Authors: Siddique Rahnuma , Yadav Rajesh K. , Singh Satyam , Shahin Rehana , Dubey Arun K. , Singh Alok Kumar , Singh Atresh K. , Gupta Navneet Kumar , Baeg Jin‐Ook , Kim Tae Wu
Published: September 2023

The combination of excellent electronic properties and thermal stability positions orange‐derived graphene quantum dots (GQDs) as promising materials for solar light‐based applications. Researchers are actively exploring their potential in fields such as photovoltaics, photocatalysis, optoelectronics, and energy storage. Their abundance, cost‐effectiveness, and eco‐friendly nature further contribute to their growing relevance in cutting‐edge scientific research. Furthermore, only GQDs are not much more effective in the UV‐visible region, therefore, required band gap engineering in GQDs material. In this context, we designed GQDs‐based light harvesting materials, which is active in UV‐visible region. Herein we synthesized GQDs coupled with 2,6‐diaminoanthrquninone (AQ), that is, GQDs@AQ light harvesting photocatalyst the first time for the oxidation of sulfide to sulfoxide under visible light. For the integrating reactions of sulfide in aerobic conditions under visible light by GQDs@AQ photocatalyst exhibit utmost higher photocatalytic activity than simple GQDs due to low molar extinction coefficient and slow recombination charges. The use of GQDs@AQ light harvesting photocatalyst, showed the excellent organic transformation efficiency of sulfide to sulfoxide with excellent yield (94%). The high efficiency and excellent yield of 94% indicate the effectiveness of GQDs@AQ as a photocatalyst for these specific organic transformations.
Receiving person‐centred care in a hospital—A qualitative study of socially marginalised patients' experiences of social nursing
Authors: Antonsen Lisa Kvist , Lassen Annmarie Touborg , Nielsen Dorthe , Østervang Christina
Published: September 2023

Background

Socially marginalised people are at a substantially increased risk of diseases and typically have several contacts with the healthcare system. Health professionals at hospitals often lack the knowledge, skills, confidence, and time to provide relevant care for socially marginalised patients. Danish hospitals have implemented a social nursing initiative consisting of social nurses with specialised knowledge about marginalisation to support socially marginalised patients. Limited research into patients' perceptions of social nursing has been undertaken.

Objective

To explore patients' experiences with the in‐hospital social nursing initiative.

Design

A qualitative study was conducted using a phenomenological hermeneutical approach.

Setting

Odense University Hospital, Denmark.

Participants

Patients aged 18 years and older who had been in contact with a social nurse during hospital admission were purposely sampled. Data saturation was reached when 15 participants were recruited.

Methods

In‐depth patient interviews were conducted from November 2021 to April 2022 using a semi‐structured interview guide. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using systematic text condensation. NVivo 12 software was employed for the analysis. Patient representatives were involved to validate the analysis and interpretations.

Results

Three themes were identified: (1) an equal and trusting relationship, (2) receiving person‐centred care, and (3) coherence in the patient trajectory. The results show that when patients have established a relationship with a social nurse, they are willing to let her into their lives and share personal information. Patients also experience person‐centred care and coherence in their trajectory when a social nurse participated in their treatment and care.

Conclusion

The findings indicate that the social nursing initiative bridges the gap between socially marginalised patients and healthcare services.
Walking pace and microvascular complications among individuals with type 2 diabetes: A cohort study from the UK Biobank
Authors: Zhu Xinyu , Zhang Xinyu , Zhou Chuandi , Li Bo , Huang Yikeng , Li Chenxin , Gu Chufeng , Ma Mingming , Zhao Shuzhi , Fan Ying , Xu Xun , Chang Jian , Chen Haibing , Zheng Zhi
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Walking pace is associated with various health‐related outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between self‐reported walking pace and the incidences of diabetic microvascular complications among participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods

Self‐reported walking pace was classified as brisk, average, or slow. The outcomes were the incidences of diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, and diabetic nephropathy. COX proportional hazards models adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health‐related factors were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs.

Results

A total of 14 518 participants with T2D in the UK Biobank (mean age 59.7 ± 7.0 years, 5028 [34.6%] women) were included. During a median follow‐up of 12.5 (interquartile range: 11.6–13.4) years, 2980 participants developed diabetic microvascular complications. After adjusting for confounding factors, and compared with brisk walkers, slow walkers had a multivariable‐adjusted HR of 1.98 (95% CI 1.58, 2.47) for composite diabetic microvascular complications, 1.54 (95% CI 1.11, 2.14) for diabetic retinopathy, 3.26 (95% CI 2.08, 5.11) for diabetic neuropathy, and 2.32 (95% CI 1.91, 2.82) for diabetic nephropathy. Average walking pace was associated with a higher risk for diabetic nephropathy (HR 1.51, 95 CI% 1.27–1.79) compared with brisk walking. Additionally, ≥1 diabetic microvascular complication occurred in 447 (14.7%) of participants with brisk walking pace, 1702 (19.5%) with average walking pace, and 831 (30.4%) with slow walking pace. Time from study recruitment to first diagnosis was shorter in participants who reported a slow walking pace, compared with brisk or average walkers. Among participants who had diabetic nephropathy as their first diagnosis, slow walking pace was associated with subsequent risk of a second diabetic microvascular complication (HR 3.88, 95 CI% 2.27–6.60).

Conclusions

Self‐reported slow walking pace is associated with a higher risk of diabetic microvascular complications among participants with T2D in this population‐based cohort study.
Domain‐general or specific: How is children's understanding of deception socialized?
Authors: Allen Jedediah W. P. , Kara Demet
Published: September 2023

The current study investigated parenting influences on children's understanding of lie‐telling in eight different social situations. These social situations clustered into two broad categories that have been assumed in the literature: first, self‐oriented lies that were generally told to benefit the self (e.g., to avoid punishment or gain status); and second, socio‐culturally‐oriented lies that were told for more social reasons (e.g., to create positive affect, maintain modesty or politeness). Two types of parenting variables were also measured. The first concerned more general parenting practices and have been studied in the literature; while the second was about more specific parental deceptive behaviors like lying to your child for their compliance. Participants included 141 Turkish parent‐child dyads aged 7, 9, and 11. All children judged the self‐oriented and the socio‐cultural lies as inappropriate but more so for the self‐oriented ones; further, the socio‐cultural lies were judged less negatively with age. While general parenting practices did not predict children's judgments, for parental deceptive practices, there were strong negative relationships between parents’ use of threatening lies (e.g., “come with me or I'll leave you here”) and children's judgments for both self‐ and socio‐cultural lie types. The two main conclusions are that specific parental deceptive practices are more relevant than general parenting for understanding children's judgments about lie‐telling situations. Second, the assumed categorization of lies into “self‐” and “social‐” seems generally valid when using a plurality of situations. Finally, some issues related to the morality of lie‐telling are discussed.
Identification of the novel HLA‐DPA1*01:130 allele by next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Galluccio T. , Cerretti R. , Guagnano A. , Troiano M. , Andreani M.
Published: September 2023

The novel HLA‐DPA1*01:130 allele differs from HLA‐DPA1*01:03:01:03 by one nucleotide substitution in Exon 3.
Nurses' self‐care strategies: A mapping review
Authors: Gantt Laura T. , Haberstroh Amanda L.
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Nurses have long received recommendations to employ self‐care behaviors to ensure their ability to remain in the profession; however, nurses are rarely asked what self‐care behaviors are beneficial. This literature review aimed to map studies on nurses' self‐care strategies to provide an understanding of how these strategies are addressed in the literature and to identify gaps in need of additional exploration.

Method

Searches were conducted in accordance with published mapping review methodologies across MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and identified influential nursing journals. Included studies were from the United States, peer‐reviewed, and described self‐care strategies related to nurses or the nursing profession.

Results

Thirty‐five articles were identified for inclusion and were evaluated based on agreed‐upon criteria to define how the concept of self‐care was studied and applied to nurses. Three main categories were identified in this review: self‐care and stress; self‐care and burnout; and self‐care and leadership, workplace factors, and physical activity.

Linking Evidence to Action

This mapping review revealed an abundance of literature related to self‐care recommendations for nurses; however, there remains a dearth of studies investigating how nurses utilize self‐care behaviors independently to improve their own professional well‐being. Recommendations for next steps in research in this area are included.
Dielectrophoretic Movement of Cell Passing Between Surface Electrodes in Flow Channel
Authors: Hashimoto Shigehiro , Ono Ryuya
Published: September 2023

In this study, cell behavior in a microchannel was tracked for the application of dielectrophoresis to biological cell sorting. A pair of titanium surface electrodes was fabricated inside the microchannel by photolithographic techniques: a triangular electrode with a tip angle of 0.26 rad and a rectangular electrode. A periodic alternating current of square wave with a period of 1 μs was introduced between the electrodes to induce an asymmetric electric field perpendicular to the mainstream direction. The behavior of mouse myoblasts (C2C12: mouse myoblast cell line) was measured in vitro while the suspension was flowing. The relationship between cell shift motion near the electrode and cell shape on the two-dimensional projection plane was investigated. Experimental results showed that cell movement in the direction perpendicular to the mainstream increased with geometries away from the circle in the two-dimensional projection plane. This method can be applied to sort cells according to their degree of shape deviation from a sphere. The dielectrophoretic effect can be applied to sort cells not only by cell size but also by cell deformation.
The Resistor Network Approach to Modeling Screen-Printed Silver Ink Under Uniaxial Stretch
Authors: Chow Justin H. , Sitaraman Suresh K.
Published: September 2023

Flexible electronic devices are used in a wide variety of applications that utilize their unique ability to stretch, bend, and twist. Experimental methods were developed for evaluating the piezoresistive behavior of printed conductive inks under uniaxial strain. DuPont 5025 screen-printed silver ink on Kapton and Melinex substrates was stretched until substrate failure. Kapton samples were found to rupture at around 60% strain and have a relative resistance, R/R0, of about 30–40 at substrate rupture. On Melinex substrates, the ink was found to electrically fail before the substrate ruptured but could be stretched to strains exceeding 130% or higher before failing. The relative resistance values for these high strains in the Melinex samples were erratic and could exceed 1000 and in one case more than 30,000. The ink strain to failure exhibited a dependence on conductor width with narrower conductors failing before wider ones. Finally, a 2.5D RVE model that accounts for ink filler volume fraction, particle size distribution, contact resistance, and electron tunneling was developed that accurately predicts the piezoresistive behavior of 5025 ink up to 60% axial strain. An initial parametric study found that increasing the volume fraction of the RVE results in improved electrical performance.