bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of traumatic injuries of the middle part of the face over the past five years
Authors:   National Medical University named after A.A. Bogomoltsa, Kyiv, Ukraine, Lytovchenko N. , Astapenko O. ,   National Medical University named after A.A. Bogomoltsa, Kyiv, Ukraine, Vefelev S. ,   National Medical University named after A.A. Bogomoltsa, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: June 2022

Purpose: to analyze the structure of injuries of the bones of the middle part of the face over the past five years. Research methods. The complex nature of this study, which was carried out by continuous and selective statistical observation, determined the need to form several objects of scientific observation and analysis. A continuous statistical analysis included the case histories of patients with fractures of the mid face, medical institutions providing medical care to patients with traumatic injuries of the mid face in Kiev. The selective research method was applied to study the nature of traumatic injuries of the maxillofacial region, lifestyle and socio-psychological characteristics of patients with mid face injury, as well as to determine the effectiveness of medical and social rehabilitation in this category of patients. Conclusion. The structure of traumatic injuries of the middle part of the face for the last five years was analyzed according to the materials of the clinic of maxillofacial surgery on the basis of statistical analysis of medical histories. The obtained data allowed to develop prospects for improving the provision of medical care to this group of patients. Key words: middle part of the face, fracture, upper jaw, zygomatic complex, medical care, treatment.
Dynamics of clinical parameters after cystectomy using electric welding of the edges of the operated area in patients with odontogenic cysts of the jaws
Authors:   Educational and treatment center ", Chepyshko S. ,   University Clinic",   Bukovyna State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine, Maksymiv O. ,   Educational and treatment center "University Clinic" Bukovyna State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
Published: June 2022

Goal. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method of cystectomy using electric welding on the basis of the obtained clinical and biochemical parameters. Materials and methods. Cystectomy was performed in 87 patients: 20 patients – 1 control group (classical surgical method), 28 patients – 2 control groups (cystectomy using laser technology) and 39 patients – the main group (cystectomy using electric welding). Results. The use of electric welding technology during cystectomy allowed to reduce and facilitate the postoperative period in patients of the main group up to 5 days in contrast to patients in other groups, in which symptoms of inflammation and pain were observed up to 14 days. Conclusions. The use of electric welding of tissues during cystectomy in the oral cavity allowed to achieve sterility of the operated area, reduce the intervention time, and due to the absence of foreign bodies in the wound to reduce and facilitate postoperative rehabilitation of patients. Key words: odontogenic cyst, cystectomy, electric welding of tissues, postoperative complications.
Измерение поглощенной дозы ионизирующего излучения с помощью оптических волноводных структур
Authors: Гончаренко Игорь Андреевич , Ильюшонок Александр Васильевич , Рябцев Виталий Николаевич
Published: June 2022

Цель. Целью работы является анализ методов измерения и конструкций датчиков поглощенной дозы ионизирующего излучения на основе оптических волноводных структур.
Методы. Общая методология работы предусматривала использование теоретических методов исследования (анализ, синтез, сравнение).
Результаты. Проведен анализ методов измерения и конструкций датчиков поглощенной дозы ионизирующего излучения на основе оптических волноводных структур. Рассмотрены различные физические эффекты, лежащие в основе методов. Показано, что с точки зрения чувствительности перспективными являются детекторы на основе микрокольцевых резонаторов на базе кремниевых волноводов, покрытых фторполимером.
Область применения исследований. Результаты обзора и анализа сведений о методах измерения поглощенной дозы ионизирующего излучения могут послужить базой для создания эффективных конструкций дозиметров на основе оптических волноводных структур высокой чувствительности.
Разработка методики измерений параметров тушения пожара класса А модульной установкой порошкового пожаротушения кратковременного действия в схеме тушения локально по поверхности
Authors: Кицак Анатолий Ильич , Палубец Сергей Михайлович , Надточий Денис Николаевич , Лобач Денис Сергеевич
Published: June 2022

Цель. Разработка методики измерения параметров тушения пожара класса А модульной установкой порошкового пожаротушения (МУПП) кратковременного действия в схеме тушения локально по поверхности и экспериментальное определение значений данных параметров, обеспечивающих эффективное тушение пожара указанного класса.
Методы. Достижение поставленной цели осуществлялось разработкой процедур измерений параметров тушения пожара класса А (времени тушения пожара, интенсивности подачи огнетушащего порошка в зону горения, скорости частиц порошка в данной зоне и удельного расхода порошка на тушение пожара) и экспериментальным определением значений данных параметров в условиях близких к натурным при применении МУПП.
Результаты. Определены условия эффективного тушения пожара класса А огнетушащим порошком общего назначения при кратковременном воздействии на очаг пожара в схеме тушения локально по поверхности.
Разработана методика измерений параметров тушения пожаров класса А МУПП кратковременного действия в схеме тушения локально по поверхности.
Проведены экспериментальные исследования эффективности тушения пожара класса А огнетушащим порошком общего назначения при кратковременном воздействии на очаг пожара (длительностью ~1 c) и различных режимах тушения.
Построены экспериментальные зависимости среднего времени тушения и среднего удельного расхода огнетушащего порошка типа «Вексон-АВС 25» на тушение модельного очага пожара подкласса А1 от средней интенсивности подачи порошка в зону горения в схеме тушения локально по поверхности.
Установлено наличие оптимального значения интенсивности подачи огнетушащего порошка в очаг пожара, при котором время тушения и соответственно удельный расход порошка на тушение пожара минимальны. Данное значение рекомендуется в качестве нормативного при оценке огнетушащей способности МУПП, применяемой для тушения пожаров подкласса А1 огнетушащим порошком «Вексон-АВС 25».
Область применения исследований. Решение задач повышения надежности тушения пожаров класса А МУПП и совершенствования методики оценки их огнетушащей способности.
The relative contribution of fleshy epiphytic macroalgae to the production of temperate maerl (rhodolith) beds
Authors: Qui-Minet ZN , Davoult D , Grall J , Martin S
Published: June 2022

Maerl beds are composed of unattached red calcareous coralline algae. When located in shallow ecosystems, these calcareous macroalgae provide substrates for the development of fleshy epiphytic macroalgae, which contribute to the productivity of the maerl beds. To assess the importance of their contribution, we estimated the primary production of the main taxa of fleshy epiphytic macroalgae (Solieria chordalis or Rhodomelaceae), growing in 2 distinct Lithothamnion corallioides maerl beds in the Bay of Brest (Brittany, France), characterized by different depths and incident irradiances. We estimated epiphytic algal photosynthetic parameters derived from photosynthesis-irradiance curves calculated from incubations in photo-respirometry chambers at different irradiances and in the dark. A comparison with results previously obtained in L. corallioides showed that in the 2 studied maerl beds there were no differences between maerl and its fleshy epiphytic macroalgae in terms of photo-acclimation to low irradiances. However, fleshy epiphytic macroalgae had higher photosynthetic efficiencies and photosynthetic rates per unit of biomass or chlorophyll a than the maerl species. Estimations of net primary production per surface area of maerl bed indicated that fleshy epiphytic macroalgae account for 25% of maerl bed productivity. Interactions between L. corallioides and its fleshy epiphytic macroalgae may affect their respective contributions. In the deepest maerl beds, shading by fleshy epiphytic macroalgae may have a detrimental impact on L. corallioides net primary production, whereas in the shallowest maerl beds, fleshy epiphytic macroalgae may protect maerl from photoinhibition under high irradiances.
The Effect of Tai Chi Exercise on Reduction the Risk of Falls in the Elderly: A Literature Review
Authors: Mar'ah Novya Ashlahatul , Sartika Aprilina , Jannah Eka Sindi Miftahul , Suryani Neni , Wahyudi Dheni , Pulungan Rodiah , Permata Rhury Nia , Anwar Syamsul
Published: June 2022

The risk of falls in the elderly increases with age. Even though there are many complications that occur if the elderly fall, Tai Chi exercise is one of the best fall prevention exercises, compared to other exercise programs that focus on muscle strength.
Aims: This study aims to summarize studies on the effectiveness of Tai Chi Exercises to reduce falls in the elderly.
Methods: a literature review using three databases (Pubmed, Google Scholar, and Sciendirect) for previous studies published from 2017 to 2022. The CASP format PRISMA guidelines and the PICOT framework were used to assess study quality assist in article selection, and define criteria—research inclusion.
Results: A total of 5 articles from 65 studies were included in the review process. The results showed that Tai Chi exercise significantly reduced the risk and fear of falling in the elderly. The gentle and coordinated Tai Chi movements can increase the flexibility of the lower extremities. Conclusion: Tai Chi exercise can be ascertained as an activity for healthy elderly has many benefits, mainly to prevent the risk of falling.
The Effectiveness of Fingerhold Relaxation Techniques and Lemon Aromatherapy Towards Reducing Pain Intensity in Post Section Caesarian Patients
Authors: Ika Wardani Fenty , Sri Futriani Elfira
Published: June 2022

Aims : A person who experiences pain will have an impact on daily activities such as meeting the need for sleep, rest, and individual fulfillment as well as aspects of social interaction and, if not treated, can lead to neurogenic shock. Pain management can be done with several actions or procedures, both pharmacologically and non-pharmacologically. One of the non-pharmacological pain management techniques is the finger grip relaxation technique. This study aimed to Giving birth by Sectio Caesarea generally experiences pain due to surgical wound surgery.
Design : The research design used quasy experimental with pre test-post test control group.
Methods : This study conducted in November 2021. The sample in this study were all patients post Sectio Caesarea. The study samples as many as 100 people. Sampling using accidental sampling technique.
Results : In the intervention group and the control group before being treated, most of them experienced moderate pain, and after being treated, most of the intervention group had mild pain, while in the control group they had moderate pain and some even experienced severe pain
Conclusions : There was a difference in the average decrease in pain intensity in post-Section Caesarea patients who were given finger grip relaxation and lemon aromatherapy in the pre-intervention and post-intervention measurements in the intervention group and the control group.
The Challenges of Providing Science Education to Disadvantaged Pupils in Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria, Oyelekan Oloyede Solomon , Upahi Johnson Enero ,   Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria and Department of Science and Technology Education, Faculty of Education, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa
Published: June 2022

Disadvantaged pupils are those pupils whose ability to learn in school is impeded by their family, social or economic situations which are often times beyond their control. Without adequate intervention, there are chances that this group of pupils could drop out of school. In Nigeria, there are many categories of disadvantaged pupils into which a vast majority of pupils can be grouped. Providing science education requires a lot of resources and organisation. By its nature, the engagement of children in science education under an ideal environment is a huge task, let alone for pupils who are disadvantaged and must learn science under abnormal circumstances. The gravity of the disadvantage suffered by these pupils vary, hence, this paper focuses on two very critical groups of disadvantaged pupils in Nigeria (the pastoralist nomads and the Almajiris), and describes the challenges faced by educators in providing science education to them. The paper further presents a critical appraisal of some national and international educational programmes which are designed to assist educationally disadvantaged pupils with an intention to explore the successes and failures of such programmes within the Nigerian context. Some recommendations on how to tackle the identified challenges are proposed.
Modelling as a Tool to Improve Second Language Learners’ Descriptions of Non-Spontaneous Chemistry Concepts
Authors:   Academy of Education, Humanities and Society, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden, Widing Lizette , Nilsson Pernilla ,   Academy of Education, Humanities and Society, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden, Enochson Pernilla Granklint ,   Academy of Education, Humanities and Society, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
Published: June 2022

This study investigated how modelling in chemistry affect second language learners’ descriptions of polymeric concepts. The aim was to investigate how chemistry discussions mediated by representations, contribute to second language students’ development in the language of chemistry. The study took place in three multilingual upper secondary classes. Participating students were (n=16) second language learners and (n=14) first language learners. There were in total eight different first languages represented. Data comprised of polymeric concept descriptions, audio recordings, and photos taken during modelling. The concept descriptions were analysed by an inductive content analysis which was then used for a deductive analysis of the modelling-activity. The results show that 65% of second language learners’ concept descriptions showed an increased clarity, and 45% showed increased use of chemical concepts after the modelling-activity. This study highlights how students in a multilingual context develop their language of chemistry by discussing chemistry scaffolded by representations. The results show that second language learners in a multilingual context benefited from the modelling-activity. As such, the study acknowledges that modelling contexts can be used in teacher education, both in-service and pre-service, to highlight the importance of the role of representations when teaching in the multilingual context.
Developing Prospective Science Teachers' Using of Chemical Knowledge with Flipped Learning Approach in the Context of Environmental Problems
Authors:   Trabzon University, Graduate School of Educational Sciences, Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Trabzon, Turkey, Candaş Bahar , Kiryak Zeynep ,   Trabzon University, Graduate School of Educational Sciences, Trabzon, Turkey, Özmen Haluk ,   Trabzon University, Fatih Faculty of Education, Trabzon, Turkey
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the analytical chemistry laboratory course, designed, and conducted according to the flipped learning approach (FL) on prospective science teachers' meaningful understanding and interpretation of knowledge in the context of the environment. 73 second grade prospective science teachers (PSTs) participated in this action research, and the interventions lasted for thirteen weeks. The analytical chemistry laboratory (ACL) course was reorganized by replacing the traditional laboratory approach with the FL approach that established the context with the environment. The data were obtained through a conceptual understanding test (CUT) which was developed by the researchers, which consisted of five open-ended questions. The CUT was used as a pre-test and post-test along with an interview form. Results showed that the reorganization of the traditional laboratory course in accordance with the nature of action research and its integration with the flipped learning approach had a positive effect on the prospective teachers’ learning and opinions about the course. Also, it was determined that PSTs’ interpretation ability related to environmental problems in the chemical dimension improved significantly. However, despite this increase, it was concluded that they could not reach a sufficient level in terms of producing solutions to environmental problems. Considering that the effectiveness of FL practices both teaching subjects and environmental problems in ACL course, it is thought to be beneficial to use this approach in another laboratory course.
Relatos, histórias, testemunhos: modalidades da produção de narrativas autobiográficas a partir de seu contexto político e situacional
Authors: Marques Ângela Cristina Salgueiro , Pessoa S`ônia Caldas , Martino Luis Mauro Sá
Published: June 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é refletir acerca de três modalidades da narrativa a respeito de si mesmo. Dialogamos com as reflexões de Foucault (2019) e Butler (2015) acerca das técnicas de si e da subjetivação política, que nos oferecem uma perspectiva de resistência e experimentação para caracterizar a potência transformadora do relato. Em seguida, trabalhamos a partir da perspectiva de Zygouris (1995) para caracterizar as possibilidades narrativas do testemu-nho, sobretudo em relação ao modo como eventos traumáticos são apropriados pelos sujeitos em seu processo de auto realização, desidentificação e contato com diferentes alteridades e posições de sujeito. Por meio das reflexões teóricas, intencionamos trazer à cena pontos de aproximação e de distanciamento entre as modalidades de narrativa de si mesmo. Observa-se, dessa maneira, que a narrativa autobiográfica se expande em várias modalidades entrelaçadas com seu contexto político e situacional.
Multiple Genomic Regions Govern Tolerance to Sulfentrazone in Snap Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.)
Authors: Saballos Ana , Soler-Garzón Alvaro , Brooks Matthew , Hart John Patrick , Lipka Alexander Edward , Miklas Philip , Peachey Ronald Edward , Tranel Patrick J. , Williams Martin M.
Published: June 2022

The availability of effective weed management tools against waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) is crucial to maintain profitable production of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Preemergence herbicides enable the crop to gain a size advantage over the weed, but the few preemergence herbicides registered in snap bean have poor control of waterhemp. Sulfentrazone, a protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) -inhibiting herbicide, provides significant control of waterhemp and other problematic weeds. However, crop tolerance to the herbicide is poorly known. To quantify snap bean tolerance to sulfentrazone and investigate the underlying tolerance mechanism(s), a genome-wide association mapping study was conducted using field-collected data on a snap bean diversity panel. Response to a preemergence application of sulfentrazone was measured using plant population density and shoot biomass variables. High levels of crop tolerance were found in several entries including Bush Romano 71, Navarro, and Flamata. Snap bean tolerance to sulfentrazone is associated with multiple genomic regions, indicating the trait is likely a non-target site resistance (NTSR). Seed size is partially responsible for the tolerance, thus the genetic factors conditioning sulfentrazone tolerance are likely a combination of those driven indirectly by seed size/weight and those acting directly on the metabolism of the herbicide or ameliorating its damage. In this study, several cytochrome P450 and ABC transporter genes were localized in associated genomic regions. Alleles conditioning snap bean tolerance to sulfentrazone identified in the diversity panel shed light on herbicide metabolism and could be used in snap bean improvement.
Sustainability in Brazilian Citriculture: Three Decades of Successful Biological Control of Insect Pests
Authors: Parra José Roberto Postali , Garcia Adriano Gomes , Diniz Alexandre José Ferreira , Bento José Maurício Simões
Published: June 2022

Citrus insect pests has grown worldwide, concerning entomologists and farmers especially because of the high demand for food that makes it to our tables. The use of pesticides brought several issues, such as the negative impacts on the human health, pollution, and insect resistance. In this context, more environmentally-friendly strategies have been demanded by governments and consumers. In this review, we present three remarkable examples of pest management in Brazil that involved many researchers from different expertise areas to develop more sustainable strategies to reduce the damages to citrus production. The case studies consisted of high-quality research funded by the Brazilian government and private institutions. In the first case, we report on the monitoring of the citrus fruit borer with sex pheromones, which significantly improved the control of this insect pest. Based on behavioral studies, it was recommended that delta traps containing pheromone attractant be installed on the upper third part of the plant. A recent study indicates the promising use of the egg parasitoidTrichogramma atopoviriliafor biological control. In the second case, the biocontrol of the leafminer usingAgeniaspis citricolais discussed. The insect pest was introduced into Brazil in 1996, causing losses of up to 60 kg of fruit per tree. The solution for this problem was the introduction of the parasitoidAgeniaspis citricola, originally from Asia. The pest was successfully controlled by the parasitoid, which was able to adapt to different citrus-producing regions in Brazil. Finally, the most emblematic successful case in Brazil is the biological control of the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP),Diaphorina citri, usingTamarixia radiata. ACP is the most important citrus pest because it causes indirect damage by transmitting the gram-negative bacteria that cause HLB (huanglongbing) in citrus areas. HLB is a vicious disease that has no cure: after being infected, the plants present chlorosis of the leaves, production of yellow shoots, and die within 2–3 years. The combination of laboratory tests, insect monitoring and computational modeling showed the efficacy ofT. radiataagainstD. citri, which reduces the number of infected trees.
HIF-1/2α-Activated RNF146 Enhances the Proliferation and Glycolysis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells via the PTEN/AKT/mTOR Pathway
Authors: Shen Guoliang , Wang Hao , Zhu Ning , Lu Qiliang , Liu Junwei , Xu Qiuran , Huang Dongsheng
Published: June 2022

Hypoxia microenvironment, a critical feature of hepatocellular carcinoma, contributes to hepatocarcinogenesis, tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs)-activated target genes are the main effectors in hypoxia-induced HCC progression. In this study, we identified ubiquitin E3 ligase ring finger protein 146 (RNF146) as a novel HIFs target gene. Either HIF-1α or HIF-2α knockdown significantly repressed hypoxia-induced RNF146 upregulation in Hep3B and Huh7 cells. TCGA data and our immunohistochemistry analysis consistently revealed the overexpression of RNF146 in HCC tissues. The upregulated expression of RNF146 was also detected in HCC cell lines. The high RNF146 level was correlated with poor clinical features and predicted a shorter overall survival of patients with HCC. RNF146 knockdown suppressed the proliferation, colony formation and glycolysis of HCC cells, but suppressed but RNF146 overexpression promoted these malignant behaviors. Moreover, RNF146 silencing weakened HCC growth in mice. RNF146 inversely regulated phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) protein level, thereby activating the AKT/mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR) pathway in HCC cells. MG132 reversed RNF146 overexpression-induced PTEN reduction. RNF146 knockdown decreased the ubiquitination and degradation of PTEN in HCC cells. Therefore, we clarified that PTEN knockdown notably abolished the effects of RNF146 silencing on the AKT/mTOR pathway and Hep3B cells’ proliferation, colony formation and glycolysis. To conclude, our data confirmed that RNF146 was transcriptionally regulated by HIF-1/2α and activated the AKT/mTOR pathway by promoting the ubiquitin proteolysis of PTEN, thereby contributing to HCC progression. RNF146 may be a potential new drug target for anti-HCC.
Towards Immunotherapy-Induced Normalization of the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Melo Vinicio , Bremer Edwin , Martin John D.
Published: June 2022

Immunotherapies modulate the function of immune cells to eradicate cancer cells through various mechanisms. These therapies are successful across a spectrum of cancers, but they are curative only in a subset of patients. Indeed, a major obstacle to the success of immunotherapies is the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME), comprising the stromal component and immune infiltrate of tumors. Importantly, the TME in most solid cancers is characterized by sparsely perfused blood vessels resulting from so-called pathological angiogenesis. In brief, dysregulated development of new vessels results in leaky tumor blood vessels that inefficiently deliver oxygen and other nutrients. Moreover, the occurrence of dysregulated fibrosis around the lesion, known as pathological desmoplasia, further compresses tumor blood vessels and impairs blood flow. TME normalization is a clinically tested treatment strategy to reverse these tumor blood vessel abnormalities resulting in stimulated antitumor immunity and enhanced immunotherapy efficacy. TME normalization includes vascular normalization to reduce vessel leakiness and reprogramming of cancer-associated fibroblast to decompress vessels. How immunotherapies themselves normalize the TME is poorly understood. In this review, we summarize current concepts and progress in TME normalization. Then, we review observations of immunotherapy-induced TME normalization and discuss the considerations for combining vascular normalizing and immunotherapies. If TME could be more completely normalized, immunotherapies could be more effective in more patients.
Recent Research Progress: Discovery of Anti-Plant Virus Agents Based on Natural Scaffold
Authors: Chen Jixiang , Luo Xin , Chen Yifang , Wang Yu , Peng Ju , Xing Zhifu
Published: June 2022

Plant virus diseases, also known as “plant cancers”, cause serious harm to the agriculture of the world and huge economic losses every year. Antiviral agents are one of the most effective ways to control plant virus diseases. Ningnanmycin is currently the most successful anti-plant virus agent, but its field control effect is not ideal due to its instability. In recent years, great progress has been made in the research and development of antiviral agents, the mainstream research direction is to obtain antiviral agents or lead compounds based on structural modification of natural products. However, no antiviral agent has been able to completely inhibit plant viruses. Therefore, the development of highly effective antiviral agents still faces enormous challenges. Therefore, we reviewed the recent research progress of anti-plant virus agents based on natural products in the past decade, and discussed their structure-activity relationship (SAR) and mechanism of action. It is hoped that this review can provide new inspiration for the discovery and mechanism of action of novel antiviral agents.
A Malaria Parasite Cross Reveals Genetic Determinants of Plasmodium falciparum Growth in Different Culture Media
Authors: Kumar Sudhir , Li Xue , McDew-White Marina , Reyes Ann , Delgado Elizabeth , Sayeed Abeer , Haile Meseret T. , Abatiyow Biley A. , Kennedy Spencer Y. , Camargo Nelly , Checkley Lisa A. , Brenneman Katelyn V. , Button-Simons Katrina A. , Duraisingh Manoj T. , Cheeseman Ian H. , Kappe Stefan H. I. , Nosten François , Ferdig Michael T. , Vaughan Ashley M. , Anderson Tim J. C.
Published: June 2022

What genes determine in vitro growth and nutrient utilization in asexual blood-stage malaria parasites? Competition experiments between NF54, clone 3D7, a lab-adapted African parasite, and a recently isolated Asian parasite (NHP4026) reveal contrasting outcomes in different media: 3D7 outcompetes NHP4026 in media containing human serum, while NHP4026 outcompetes 3D7 in media containing AlbuMAX, a commercial lipid-rich bovine serum formulation. To determine the basis for this polymorphism, we conducted parasite genetic crosses using humanized mice and compared genome-wide allele frequency changes in three independent progeny populations cultured in media containing human serum or AlbuMAX. This bulk segregant analysis detected three quantitative trait loci (QTL) regions [on chromosome (chr) 2 containing aspartate transaminase AST; chr 13 containing EBA-140; and chr 14 containing cysteine protease ATG4] linked with differential growth in serum or AlbuMAX in each of the three independent progeny pools. Selection driving differential growth was strong (s = 0.10 – 0.23 per 48-hour lifecycle). We conducted validation experiments for the strongest QTL on chr 13: competition experiments between ΔEBA-140 and 3D7 wildtype parasites showed fitness reversals in the two medium types as seen in the parental parasites, validating this locus as the causative gene. These results (i) demonstrate the effectiveness of bulk segregant analysis for dissecting fitness traits in P. falciparum genetic crosses, and (ii) reveal intimate links between red blood cell invasion and nutrient composition of growth media. Use of parasite crosses combined with bulk segregant analysis will allow systematic dissection of key nutrient acquisition/metabolism and red blood cell invasion pathways in P. falciparum.
A Platelet-Rich Plasma-Derived Biologic Clears Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms While Mitigating Cartilage Degeneration and Joint Inflammation in a Clinically Relevant Large Animal Infectious Arthritis Model
Authors: Gilbertie Jessica M. , Schaer Thomas P. , Engiles Julie B. , Seiler Gabriela S. , Deddens Bennett L. , Schubert Alicia G. , Jacob Megan E. , Stefanovski Darko , Ruthel Gordon , Hickok Noreen J. , Stowe Devorah M. , Frink Alexa , Schnabel Lauren V.
Published: June 2022

The leading cause of treatment failure in Staphylococcus aureus infections is the development of biofilms. Biofilms are highly tolerant to conventional antibiotics which were developed against planktonic cells. Consequently, there is a lack of antibiofilm agents in the antibiotic development pipeline. To address this problem, we developed a platelet-rich plasma (PRP)-derived biologic, termed BIO-PLY (for the BIOactive fraction of Platelet-rich plasma LYsate) which has potent in vitro bactericidal activity against S. aureus synovial fluid free-floating biofilm aggregates. Additional in vitro studies using equine synoviocytes and chondrocytes showed that BIO-PLY protected these cells of the joint from inflammation. The goal of this study was to test BIO-PLY for in vivo efficacy using an equine model of infectious arthritis. We found that horses experimentally infected with S. aureus and subsequently treated with BIO-PLY combined with the antibiotic amikacin (AMK) had decreased bacterial concentrations within both synovial fluid and synovial tissue and exhibited lower systemic and local inflammatory scores compared to horses treated with AMK alone. Most importantly, AMK+BIO-PLY treatment reduced the loss of infection-associated cartilage proteoglycan content in articular cartilage and decreased synovial tissue fibrosis and inflammation. Our results demonstrate the in vivo efficacy of AMK+BIO-PLY and represents a new approach to restore and potentiate antimicrobial activity against synovial fluid biofilms.
Design of a Bispecific HIV Entry Inhibitor Targeting the Cell Receptor CD4 and Viral Fusion Protein Gp41
Authors: Yan Hongxia , Wu Tong , Chen Yue , Jin Hongliang , Li Li , Zhu Yuanmei , Chong Huihui , He Yuxian
Published: June 2022

Given the high variability and drug-resistance problem by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the development of bispecific or multi-specific inhibitors targeting different steps of HIV entry is highly appreciated. We previously generated a very potent short-peptide–based HIV fusion inhibitor 2P23. In this study, we designed and characterized a bifunctional inhibitor termed 2P23-iMab by genetically conjugating 2P23 to the single-chain variable fragment (scFv) of ibalizumab (iMab), a newly approved antibody drug targeting the cell receptor CD4. As anticipated, 2P23-iMab could bind to the cell membrane through CD4 anchoring and inhibit HIV-1 infection as well as viral Env-mediated cell–cell fusion efficiently. When tested against a large panel of HIV-1 pseudoviruses with different subtypes and phenotypes, 2P23-iMab exhibited dramatically improved inhibitory activity than the parental inhibitors; especially, it potently inhibited the viruses not being susceptible to iMab. Moreover, 2P23-iMab had a dramatically increased potency in inhibiting two panels of HIV-1 mutants that are resistant to T-20 or 2P23 and the infections of HIV-2 and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). In conclusion, our studies have provided new insights into the design of novel bispecific HIV entry inhibitors with highly potent and broad-spectrum antiviral activity.
Teachers' Perceptions About Climate Change: A Comparative Study of Public and Private Schools and Colleges in Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Mufti Nadimul Quamar , Ahmed Khandaker Jafor , Chowdhury Mohammed Thanvir Ahmed , Atiqul Haq Shah Md
Published: June 2022

This study examines school and college teachers' perceptions about climate change, taking into account academic backgrounds and experiences with the impacts of climate change. The study included 95 teachers from three schools and colleges (two private and one public) in the city of Sylhet, Bangladesh. The results show that most teachers have heard about climate change and understand what it means. Most also perceive that temperatures in Bangladesh are rising or fluctuating and that rainfall is falling or fluctuating. The chi-squared test shows that teachers' perceptions about climate change depend on whether their educational institution is private or public and whether they believe their home locality is at risk of extreme weather events (EWE). Binary and multinomial logistic regressions were used to specifically examine the impact of teachers' academic backgrounds and their previous experiences with extreme weather events on their perceptions about climate change. The results of the binary logistic regression show that educational institution type and the teaching levels (SSC: Secondary School Certificate or HSC: Higher Secondary School Certificate; or both levels) in which the teacher teaches are two significant predictors of teachers' perceptions about temperature change. The multinomial logistic regression analysis of perceptions about changes in precipitation shows that there is a statistically significant effect for factors including type of educational institution, bachelor-level study area, hometown vulnerable to EWEs, and environmental or climate-change-related courses taken.
Do We Need Media Guidelines When Reporting on Panic Buying? An Analysis of the Content of News Reports During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Rajkumar Ravi Philip
Published: June 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic, with its attendant supply chain disruptions and restrictions on internal movement, has been associated with frequent episodes of panic buying both in its initial phase and in subsequent waves. Empirical evidence suggests that news media content and consumption are important determinants of attitudes and behavior during the pandemic, and existing research both before and during the pandemic suggests that panic buying can be influenced by both exposure to media reports and their specific content. This pilot study was conducted to assess the quality of media reports of panic buying during the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic, using two independent measures of news article quality. Seventy news reports of panic buying across 12 countries, covering the “second wave” of the pandemic from January 1 to December 31, 2021, were collected through an online search of media outlets using the Google News aggregator. These reports were analyzed in terms of the content of their reporting, based on existing research of the factors driving panic buying during the COVID-19 pandemic. Each report was scored for quality using two different systems: one based on an existing WHO guideline, and one based on the work of a research group which has published extensive work related to panic buying during this pandemic. It was observed that a significant number of reports contained elements that were likely to amplify, rather than attenuate, panic buying behavior, and that the quality of news reports was generally poor regardless of pandemic severity, cultural values, or freedom of the press. On the basis of this evidence, suggestions are offered to improve the media reporting of panic buying and minimize the risk of fear contagion and imitation.
Individualized Analysis and Treatment of Difficult Weaning From Ventilation Following Open Cardiac Surgery in Young Children With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Wu Xiaoming , Chen Jinlan , Iroegbu Chukwuemeka Daniel , Liu Jian , Wu Ming , Xie Xia , Xiang Kun , Wu Xun , Chen Wangping , Huang Peng , Zhou Wenwu , Fan Chengming , Yang Jinfu
Published: June 2022

Aims

The study explores the leading causes of postoperative extubation difficulties in pediatric patients (neonates and toddlers) with congenital heart diseases and establishes individualized treatment for different reasons.

Method

We retrospectively analyzed medical records of 4,971 pediatric patients with congenital heart defects treated in three tertiary Congenital Heart Disease Centres in China from January 2005 to December 2020, from whom we selected those with difficulty extubation but successful weaning during the postoperative period. Next, we performed an analysis of risk factors and reported the combined experience of individualized treatment for successful extubation.

Results

Seventy-five pediatric patients were identified in our database, among whom 23 had airway stenosis, 17 had diaphragmatic dysfunction, and 35 had pulmonary infection. The patients were all successfully weaned from the ventilator after an individualized treatment plan. In addition, the intubation time in the airway stenosis group was 17.7 ± 9.0, 33.6 ± 13.9 days in the diaphragmatic dysfunction group, and 11.9 ± 3.8 days in the pulmonary infection group.

Conclusion

Given the primary reasons for difficult weaning following open-heart surgery in pediatric patients with congenital heart diseases, an individualized treatment scheme can achieve the ideal therapeutic effect where patients can be weaned faster with a shorter intubation period.
Impact of New-Onset Persistent Left Bundle Branch Block on Reverse Cardiac Remodeling and Clinical Outcomes After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Kim Kyu , Ko Young-Guk , Shim Chi Young , Ryu JiWung , Lee Yong-Joon , Seo Jiwon , Lee Seung-Jun , Cho Iksung , Hong Sung-Jin , Ahn Chul-Min , Kim Jung-Sun , Kim Byeong-Keuk , Hong Geu-Ru , Ha Jong-Won , Choi Donghoon , Hong Myeong-Ki
Published: June 2022

Background

The clinical implication of new-onset left bundle branch block (LBBB) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) remains controversial. We investigated the impact of new-onset persistent LBBB on reverse cardiac remodeling and clinical outcomes after TAVR.

Methods

Among 478 patients who had undergone TAVR for symptomatic severe aortic stenosis from 2011 to 2021, we analyzed 364 patients after excluding patients with pre-existing intraventricular conduction disturbance or a pacing rhythm before or during the indexed hospitalization for TAVR. Echocardiographic variables of cardiac remodeling at baseline and 1 year after TAVR were comprehensively analyzed. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure. Secondary outcomes were all-cause death and individual components of the primary outcome.

Result

New-onset persistent LBBB occurred in 41 (11.3%) patients after TAVR. The no LBBB group showed a significant increase in the left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction and decreases in LV dimensions, the left atrial volume index, and LV mass index 1 year after TAVR (all p < 0.001). However, the new LBBB group showed no significant changes in these parameters. During a median follow-up of 18.1 months, the new LBBB group experienced a higher incidence of primary outcomes [hazard ratio (HR): 5.03; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.60–9.73; p < 0.001] and all-cause death (HR: 2.80; 95% CI: 1.38–5.69; p = 0.003). The data were similar after multivariable regression analysis.

Conclusion

New-onset persistent LBBB after TAVR is associated with insufficient reverse cardiac remodeling and increased adverse clinical events.
Residual Pulmonary Vascular Resistance Increase Under Left Ventricular Assist Device Support Predicts Long-Term Cardiac Function After Heart Transplantation
Authors: Kakuda Nobutaka , Amiya Eisuke , Hatano Masaru , Tsuji Masaki , Bujo Chie , Ishida Junichi , Yagi Hiroki , Saito Akihito , Narita Koichi , Isotani Yoshitaka , Fujita Kanna , Ando Masahiko , Shimada Shogo , Kinoshita Osamu , Ono Minoru , Komuro Issei
Published: June 2022

Aims

We compared hemodynamics and clinical events after heart transplantation (HTx) in patients stratified by the severity of residual pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation for bridge to transplantation.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed patients who had undergone HTx at the University of Tokyo Hospital. We defined the high PVR group as patients with PVR of >3 Wood Units (WU) as measured by right heart catheterization performed 1 month after LVAD implantation.

Results

We included 85 consecutive HTx recipients, 20 of whom were classified in the high PVR group and 65 in the low PVR group. The difference in PVR between the two groups became apparent at 2 years after HTx (the high PVR group: 1.77 ± 0.41 WU, the low PVR group: 1.24 ± 0.59 WU, p = 0.0009). The differences in mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), mean right arterial pressure (mRAP), and mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (mPCWP) tended to increase from the first year after HTx, and were all significantly higher in the high PVR group at 3 years after HTx (mPAP: 22.7 ± 9.0 mm Hg vs. 15.4 ± 4.3 mm Hg, p = 0.0009, mRAP: 7.2 ± 3.6 mm Hg vs. 4.1 ± 2.1 mm Hg, p = 0.0042, and mPCWP: 13.4 ± 4.5 mm Hg, 8.8 ± 3.3 mm Hg, p = 0.0040). In addition, pulmonary artery pulsatility index was significantly lower in the high PVR group than in the low PVR group at 3 years after HTx (2.51 ± 1.00 vs. 5.21 ± 3.23, p = 0.0033). The composite event including hospitalization for heart failure, diuretic use, and elevated intracardiac pressure (mRAP ≥ 12 mm Hg or mPCWP ≥ 18 mm Hg) between the two groups was significantly more common in the high PVR group. Residual high PVR was still an important predictor (hazard ratio 6.5, 95% confidence interval 2.0–21.6, and p = 0.0023) after multivariate Cox regression analysis.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates that patients with residual high PVR under LVAD implantation showed the increase of right and left atrial pressure in the chronic phase after HTx.
Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Predictors of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Mandeş Leonard , Roşca Monica , Ciupercă Daniela , Călin Andreea , Beladan Carmen C. , Enache Roxana , Cuculici Andreea , Băicuş Cristian , Jurcuţ Ruxandra , Ginghină Carmen , Popescu Bogdan A.
Published: June 2022

Background

Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) have an increased prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) compared to the general population, and left atrium (LA) remodeling is strongly correlated with the risk of AF. This prospective, monocentric study aimed to assess the role of LA electrocardiographic and echocardiographic (structural and functional) parameters in predicting the risk for incident AF in patients with HCM.

Methods and Results

The study population consisted of 126 HCM patients in sinus rhythm (52.6 ± 16.2 years, 54 men), 118 of them without documented AF. During a median follow-up of 56 (7–124) months, 39 (30.9%) developed a new episode of AF. Multivariable analysis showed that LA booster pump function (assessed by ASr, HR = 4.24, CI = 1.84–9.75, and p = 0.038) and electrical dispersion (assessed by P wave dispersion – Pd, HR = 1.044, CI = 1.029–1.058, and p = 0.001), and not structural parameters (LA diameter, LA volume) were independent predictors of incident AF. Seventy-two patients had a LA diameter < 45 mm, and 16 of them (22.2%) had an AF episode during follow-up. In this subgroup, only Pd emerged as an independent predictor for incident AF (HR = 1.105, CI = 1.059–1.154, and p = 0.002), with good accuracy (AUC = 0.89).

Conclusion

Left atrium booster pump function (ASr) and electrical dispersion (Pd) are related to the risk of incident AF in HCM patients. These parameters can provide further stratification of the risk for AF in this setting, including in patients considered at lower risk for AF based on the conventional assessment of LA size.
Reporter Systems for Assessments of Extracellular Vesicle Transfer
Authors: Han Chaoshan , Qin Gangjian
Published: June 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer particles naturally released from most if not all cell types to mediate inter-cellular exchange of bioactive molecules. Mounting evidence suggest their important role in diverse pathophysiological processes in the development, growth, homeostasis, and disease. Thus, sensitive and reliable assessments of functional EV cargo transfer from donor to acceptor cells are extremely important. Here, we summarize the methods EV are labeled and their functional transfer in acceptor cells are evaluated by various reporter systems.