bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A PROSPECTIVE STUDY ON THE INCIDENCE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF CONGENITAL CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION
Authors: ANDERSEN H. KERZEL , BROSTRØM KARIN , HANSEN K. BROGÅRD , LEERHØY J. , PEDERSEN M. , ØSTERBALLE O. , FELSAGER U. , MOGENSEN S.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Screening of 3060 neonates for congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection by virus excretion in the urine showed an overall incidence of 0.4%. The incidence was about 1 % for mothers between 16 and 25 years and only 0.2% for mothers between 25 and 35. No mothers over 35 years of age gave birth to congenitally infected infants. The percentage of women in the child‐bearing age susceptible to CMV infection was estimated by the absence of CMV complement‐fixing antibodies in cord sera and ranged from 48% to 33% with increasing age. None of the infected infants showed obvious signs of congenital CMV infection at birth. At follow‐up, two infants showed slight, but transient symptoms compatible with a foetal infection; a pair of premature twins exhibited retarded physical and psychomotor development, but this could just as well be ascribed to the prematurity itself. None of the infants had detectable CMV‐IgM antibodies in cord sera, but a trend towards elevated total IgM concentration in cord sera and elevated virus excretion titres appeared in the infants with symptoms. With the very low incidence and no signs of sensomotor sequelae the preliminary conclusion is that foetal CMV infection in our population by no means has a significance to deserve routine screening or a vaccination programme.
NEONATAL SEPTICEMIA AND PERINATAL RISK FACTORS
Authors: BERGQVIST G. , ERIKSSON M. , ZETTERSTRÖM R.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Many methods for screening and prediction of neonatal septicemia have been tried. In this study a score, related to both perinatal risk factors and neonatal diseases, was tested upon healthy newborn infants, infants with septicemia and infants with other diseases. Statistical differences were found between infants with neonatal septicemia and infants with other neonatal diseases as well as normal newborns. It was also possible to find a relationship between certain predisposing factors and predominance of certain pathogens. Complications during pregnancy and delivery were most often found in the group B streptococcal, combinations of invasive procedures and neonatal diseases in the staphylococcal group and surgical procedures in the gram‐negative group.
MITRAL AND TRICUSPID VALVE VEGETATIONS IN INFANCY DIAGNOSED BY ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
Authors: LUNDSTRÖM NILS‐RUNE , BJÖRKHEM GUDRUN
Published: January 2008

Abstract. The use of echocardiography in diagnosing intra‐cardiac vegetations is described in two infants. The condition is unusual in infancy, but can be suspected from the clinical picture and positive blood cultures. Using echocardiography it is possible to localize the vegetations exactly and estimate the extent of valvular involvement. In one of the cases presented a vegetation on the anterior mitral leaflet was diagnosed and a gradual increase in size could be demonstrated. In the other case a large echo‐producing mass was found attached to the tricuspid valve, protruding into the right ventricular outflow tract. This mass represented a fungal vegetation. In both cases autopsy later verified the echocardiographic findings.
RENAL SODIUM EXCRETORY CAPACITY IN INFANTS UNDER DIFFERENT DIETARY CONDITIONS
Authors: APERIA A. , BROBERGER O. , HERIN P. , THODENIUS K. , ZETTERSTRÖM R.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. An evaluation of dietary effects on sodium (Na) homeostasis was performed in 28 healthy infants 7–13 weeks of age. Each infant received during one week an ordinary formula where either the Na and/or the protein content was increased twice. The high Na diets induced a significant elevation of the natriuretic response to an oral Na load. The response was most pronounced in those infants receiving a high Na as well as a high protein diet. The diet that was only high in protein resulted in an increased osmotic load to the kidneys but did not affect the Na excretion. The maturation of renal Na excretion thus seems to be accelerated by a high Na intake and further potentiated by a high protein intake. The Na excretory capacity was, even after the period of a high Na diet, well above the level of Na then given.
HUMAN COLOSTRAL AND BREAST MILK CELLS A Light and Electron Microscopic Study
Authors: HO FAITH C. S. , WONG ROSAMOND L. C. , LAWTON JOHN W. M.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Colostrum and breast milk samples were obtained from 74 women, 18 of whom gave sequential samples. The mean total leukocyte count in colostrum was 3190 cells/mm3. Proportions of macrophages, polymorphs and lymphocytes varied widely; macrophages usually predominated. Serial sampling showed (1) a small fall in total counts through delivery, (2) a fall in total counts and the proportion of PMNs at the onset of lactation, (3) after 1 to 2 weeks of lactation the appearance of cytoplasmic fragments together with epithelial cells which later constituted the main cell type. It was estimated that the total number of leukocytes available to the neonate remained approximately constant during the first 2 weeks of lactation and fell thereafter. Functionally, morphologically and histochemically macrophages in colostrum and breast milk resembled macrophages elsewhere. Their ultrastructure was characterised by filiform surface projections, numerous endocytic vacuoles and lipid droplets in the cytoplasm.
MULTIPLE PITUITARY HORMONE DEFICIENCIES IN EIGHT SIBLINGS OF ONE JEWISH MOROCCAN FAMILY
Authors: ADLER‐BIER M. , PERTZELAN A. , LARON Z. , LIEBERMAN E. , MOSES S.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. In a Jewish Moroccan inbred family, 8 of 12 siblings were found to have multiple deficiencies of pituitary hormones, including GH, TSH and gonadotrophins. The parents showed no deficiency and are in good health, as are the other 4 siblings. The investigations carried out indicate that in this family the etiology is hereditary in nature, probably being autosomal recessive, with the defect located in the pituitary gland.
PHARMACOKINETICS OF AMIKACIN IN INFANTS AND PRE‐SCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: KAFETZIS D. A. , SINANIOTIS C. A. , PAPADATOS C. J. , KOSMIDIS J.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. The pharmacokinetic properties of amikacin sulfate in infants and children aged from three weeks to 6 years were studied during treatment with doses of 7.5 mg/kg every 12 hours using standard assay methods and technique of two compartment open model kinetic analysis. Peak serum concentrations of amikacin were measured 30 or 60 min after the first intramuscular injection. These ranged from 11.8 μg/ml to 23 /μg/ml in infants and from 9.0 /μg/ml to 29 8 μg/ml in children. Five minutes after the first intravenous bolous injection they varied from 16 μg/ml to 29.8 μg/ml in infants and from 34 μg/ml to 42 μg/ml in children. Twelve hours after injection serum concentrations were less than 0.8 μg/ml in all patients. Mean serum half‐lives of amikacin in infants and children were 2.1 hours and 2.0 hours after intramuscular, and 2.2 and 2.0 hours after intravenous administration respectively. No evidence of accumulation was observed after four days treatment. The amount of antibiotic recovered within 12 hours from the urine in all patients ranged from 34.5 to 65 % of an intramuscular dose, and from 45.8 to 63.3% of an intravenous dose. The dosage regime of 7.5 mg/kg body weight given every 12 hours should be safe and effective for the treatment of infections in the age groups studied.
LISTERIOSIS DURING PREGNANCY AND NEONATAL PERIOD IN SWEDEN 1958–1974
Authors: LARSSON S. , CRONBERG S. , WINBLAD S.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. In 1958–1974 altogether 46 cases of bacteriologically verified infection of Listeria monocytogenes were diagnosed during pregnancy and the neonatal period. Eight pregnancies resulted in abortion and three in stillbirth. Thirty‐seven children were born alive, 17 of whom died, all but one within a few days. These children were divided into three groups according to their age at the onset of illness: 22 cases with “Early disease” (≤2 days), four cases with “Intermediate disease” (3–5 days) and eight cases with “Late disease” (≤6 days). Three children were apparently healthy. Septicemia or “Granulomatosis infantiseptica” dominated in “Early disease” and claimed as many as 13 deaths. In “Late disease” all the children had meningo‐encephalitis, and only one of them died. The symptoms were typical of purulent meningitis. The group of “Intermediate disease” consisted of overlapping cases of the other two groups. Ampicillin alone or combined with gentamicin seemed to be the drug of choice in the therapy of neonatal listeriosis. Of the surviving children, two were seriously damaged and two had moderate injuries. Fifteen children are apparently healthy. In cases where pregnancy terminated in abortions, stillborns or children with “Early disease”, the mothers often showed signs of infection. The mothers of the children with “Late disease” were apparently healthy. These children were infected from other sources, some of them nosocomially. If listeriosis is diagnosed during pregnancy, the women should be treated with ampicillin.
PRECIPITATING ANTIBODIES AGAINST ESCHERICHIA COLI, BACTEROIDES FRAGILIS SS. THETAIOTAOMICRON AND PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA IN SERUM FROM NORMAL PERSONS AND CYSTIC FIBROSIS PATIENTS, DETERMINED BY MEANS OF CROSSED IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS
Authors: HØIBY NIELS , HERTZ JESPER BOËTIUS
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Serum from normal persons and from 133 cystic fibrosis patients was examined for precipitins against faecal bacteria (E. coli and B. fragilis) and against P. aeruginosa, by means of crossed immunoelectrophoresis. 27% of the normal sera contained 1–2 precipitins against E. coli, 16% contained one precipitin against B. fragilis and 6% contained one precipitin against P. aeruginosa. In sera from cystic fibrosis patients, there was a significantly increased prevalence of precipitins against E. coli (76%), B. fragilis (38%) and P. aeruginosa (63%), and the mean number of precipitins against each of these bacteria was 3 (range: 1–12), 1.4 (range: 1–4), and 16 (range: 1–60), respectively. Increased numbers of precipitins against P. aeruginosa were correlated with chronic lung infection caused by this species and with poor prognosis, whereas such associations were not revealed as regards precipitins against the two other bacterial species. Increased numbers of precipitins against E. coli and B. fragilis were significantly associated with increased numbers of precipitins against P. aeruginosa. It is suggested that this association is due to immune reactions in the intestinal mucosa, resulting in increased absorption of antigens from the gut.
SUPPRESSED LYMPHOCYTE MITOGEN‐RESPONSIVENESS IN URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS OF CHILDREN AND ITS CORRELATION TO PYELONEPHRITIS
Authors: JANAS M. , VESIKARI T. , HÄLLSTRÖM O. , ANTTILA R.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Cell‐mediated immunity (CMI) was studied in a group of 48 children with urinary tract infections (UTI) using a whole blood micromethod for lymphocyte stimulation in vitro. The patients were subdivided into pyelonephritis group (27 cases) and lower urinary tract infection (LUTI) group (21 cases) on the basis of fever, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C‐reactive protein and renal concentration capacity. At the acute stage of infection the lymphocyte responsiveness to leucoagglutinin (LA) and concanavalin A (Con A) was suppressed in both groups, but the suppression was much greater in those with pyelonephritis. By 6 weeks after infection the lymphocyte responses were normal in most but not all cases. We conclude that an acute pyelonephritis is associated with marked suppression of CMI and that the latter can be used as an additional criterion for establishing the level of infection. Patients with UTI did not generally appear to have any primary defect of CMI but when suppression of CMI was present, it seemed secondary to an ongoing infection.
EFFECT OF INTRAUTERINE NUTRITIONAL DEPRIVATION ON NEUROMOTOR BEHAVIOUR OF THE NEWBORN
Authors: BHATIA V. P. , KATIYAR G. P. , AGARWAL K. N.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. The neurological maturation in 25 newborn babies born to severely undernourished mothers was studied by evaluating muscle tone and excitability status. These mothers had weight below the 25th percentile expected for height, haemoglobin less than 80.0 g/l and serum albumin less than 25.0 g/l. Twenty‐three babies born to healthy mothers were studied as control. The babies of undernourished mothers demonstrated gross intrauterine growth retardation. There occurred parallel reduction in placental weight and its protein content. The neuromotor behaviour of these newborns showed significant alteration in the performance of most reflexes, resembling normal motor behaviour of preterm infants. As many as 72% newborns could be classified as hypotonic and 56% hypoexcitable. However, no newborn demonstrated hypertonia or hyperexcitability. The parameters of neuromotor assessment were found to have no correlation with the birth weight in both undernourished as well as control groups. These observations suggest that muscle tone and excitability are better indices of maturation of central nervous system than the birth weight. It seems that the neurological evaluation becomes unreliable in babies who suffer from intrauterine nutritional deprivation.
UMBILICAL ARTERY CATHETERIZATION IN NEWBORNS I. Thrombosis in Relation to Catheter Type and Position
Authors: WESSTRÖM GÖRAN , FINNSTRÖM ORVAR , STENPORT GÖRAN
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Seventy‐one sick newborn infants, who had an umbilical artery catheterized, were randomized in one of four catheter groups: long end‐hole‐, short end‐hole‐, long side‐hole‐ or short side‐hole catheter. A long catheter means a high position of the catheter tip (Th6–11) and a short catheter a low position of the tip (L3–5). An angiography through the indwelling catheter in order to diagnose thrombosis was performed before the catheter was withdrawn. Dissection of the aorta and its branches was performed on infants who died. The total frequency of thromboses was 26%. There were no thromboses among infants with long end‐hole catheters while infants with short end‐hole catheters had thrombosis in 26%, long side‐hole catheters in 33% and short side‐hole catheters in 64%. Long end‐hole catheters functioned better than the others. Only 6 of 16 infants with thrombosis had physical signs from the legs, while 12 infants without thrombosis had similar signs.
ADYNAMIA EPISODICA HEREDITARIA Treatment with Salbutamol
Authors: DAHL‐JØRGENSEN K. , MICHALSEN H.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Three sibs with adynamia episodica hereditaria are described. Treatment with salbutamol inhalation had a beneficial effect on the duration of their adynamic attacks. Continuous peroral treatment with salbutamol has been tried in these patients resulting in the almost complete prevention of attacks. No serious adverse effects have been recorded. Peroral treatment with salbutamol is recommended as the treatment of choice in young patients with adynamia episodica hereditaria and in patients with frequent attacks of adynamia.
PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW RATE Reference Values for Swedish Children
Authors: BJURE JAN , DALÉN GUNNAR , KJELLMAN BENGT
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Reference values for the peak expiratory flow rate assessed by the Wright‐McKerrow peak flow meter have been established for Swedish children. The material consisted of 143 boys and 132 girls. We recommend the sexes be considered together. The equation of the regression line is 72.14 height3 + 96.12. The coefficient of correlation is 0.93 and the residual standard deviation 13.7 %.
HEMOGLOBIN A1c (HBA1c) IN CHILDREN WITH LONG STANDING AND NEWLY DIAGNOSED DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: HEINZE E. , KOHNE E. , MEISSNER C. , BEISCHER W. , TELLER W. M. , KLEIHAUER E.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. In 35 children with long‐standing diabetes mellitus, a significant correlation was found between the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)—and the 24‐hour urinary glucose excretion. By contrast, 11 newly diagnosed diabetic children had grossly elevated HbAlc‐concentrations, but no correlations could be established between the levels of HbAlc and the duration of symptoms, blood glucose, glycosuria, ketonuria and the acid‐base status. However, HbA1c and C‐peptide were significantly correlated. The elevated HbA1c‐concentrations decreased towards normal in all of these 11 children after 2–3 months following adequate therapy. The results suggest that the determination of HbA1c. may serve as a valuable metabolic control index in children with long‐standing diabetes mellitus, but adds little information in newly diagnosed diabetic patients. For the individual diabetic child during the early treatment period, HbA1c may be the index of choice for adequacy of metabolic control.
HEREDITARY TYROSINAEMIA AND DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Lindberg T. , Nilsson K. O. , Jeppsson J. O.
Published: January 2008

The main features in hereditary tyrosinaemia are liver damage leading to cirrhosis, and renal tubular defects with hypophosphataemic rickets (4). Pain attacks in the abdomen and legs, similar to those seen in acute intermittent porphyria, and hypertensive crisis, have been reported in this disorder (4). We report here a boy with similar symptoms and signs but who also had diabetes mellitus.
ANALYSIS OF PERINATAL MORTALITY RATE IN THE STOCKHOLM AREA
Authors: ERICSON A. , ERIKSSON M. , ZETTERSTRÖM R.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Ericson, A., Eriksson, M. and Zetterström, R. (Department of Paediatrics, Karolinska Institute, St. Göran's Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden). Perinatal mortality. During the period 1973–1976, a significant decrease in perinatal mortality from 14.2 to 10.4/10 newborns occurred in Sweden. In the Stockholm area, the mean perinatal mortality during the same period varied significantly between the different maternity hospitals, even when pre‐term and high risk pregnancies were excluded from the comparison. The majority of hospitals with fewer deliveries and without pediatric wards had a perinatal mortality above the mean. Some explanations of these differences were also looked for in differences between the total population of the referral area of each maternity hospital. In the referral areas of the hospitals with a perinatal mortality above the mean, there were higher percentages of low‐income households and overcrowded dwellings and fewer professional people than in the other area. The results suggest a need for analysis of individually‐based data to find etiological factors which account for differences in perinatal mortality.
EFFECTS ON THE CHILD OF ALCOHOL ABUSE DURING PREGNANCY: Retrospective and Prospective Studies
Authors: OLEGÅRD R. , SABEL K.‐G. , ARONSSON M. , SANDIN B. , JOHANSSON P. R. , CARLSSON C. , KYLLERMAN M. , IVERSEN K. , HRBEK A.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Olegård, R., Sabel, K.‐G., Aronsson, M., Sandin, B., Johansson, P. R. Carlsson, C., Kyllerman, M., Iversen, K. and Hrbek, A. (Departments of Paediatrics, East Hospital, University of Göteborg and Psychiatric Clinic II and Nordhem Alcoholic Clinic, Lillhagen Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden). Effect on the child of alcohol abuse during pregnancy. Retrospective and prospective studies. Retrospective and prospective investigations of children to alcoholic women gave an incidence of fetal alcohol lesion of one per 300 deliveries of whom half had the complete fetal alcohol syndrome. Perinatal and infant mortalities were increased seven to tenfold and low birth weight (<2500 g), preterm deliveries (<37 weeks) and smallness for gestational age (<‐2 S.D.) were increased eightfold, threefold and twelvefold, respectively. Small size at birth correlated with reduced mental performance later in life, 58% had IQ below 85 and 19% below 70. 8% had cerebral palsy. The incidence of cerebral palsy associated with maternal inebriety was 1/5000 deliveries, i.e. every sixth case of cerebral palsy. Tracing of alcoholic women during pregnancy and treatment gave favourable effect on intrauterine growth when sobriety could be induced early in pregnancy but could not protect from functional brain disturbance measured by neurological performance and by evoked response electroencephalography. Damage to the fetus by alcohol is now the largest known health hazard by a noxious agent that is preventable.
EFFECT OF CYPROTERONE ACETATE (CA) ON GROWTH AND ENDOCRINE FUNCTION IN PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY
Authors: STAHNKE N. , ILICKI A. , WILLIG R. P.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Stahnke, N., Ilicki, A. and Willig, R. P. (Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Hamburg, West Germany). Effect of cyproterone acetate (CA) on growth and endocrine function in precocious puberty. Acta Paediatr Scand, Suppl. 277: 32, 1979.–16 girls with precocious puberty have been studied. Following low dosage cyproterone acetate (CA) therapy (mean daily dosage 65 mg/m2 BSA) a beneficial effect on growth and skeletal maturation was observed. During high dosage therapy (150 mg/m2 per day) endocrinological studies were performed in 10 of these patients. There was no significant difference in HGH levels (insulin‐and arginine‐test), T3 and TSH values (TRH‐test) between patients and controls, T4 concentration was significantly increased. Basal prolactin levels and prolactin response to TRH was definitely elevated. Oral glucose load and arginine infusion resulted in a significantly enhanced insulin release. There was a significant reduction in basal LH levels and an increase in FSH response to LH‐RH. Basal and diurnal plasma cortisol values were markedly reduced and the cortisol release due to corticotrophin injection, (lsinevasopressin (LVP) injection and insulin‐hypoglycemia as well. A definite increase in basal ACTH levels was observed, during LVP‐and insulin‐hypoglycemia test ACTH concentrations were within or significantly above normal range. In our patients a primary adrenocortical insufficiency due to CA treatment was evident.
LEAKAGE OF FLUORESCEIN: FIRST SIGN OF JUVENILE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY: Role of Diabetic Control and of Duration of Diabetes
Authors: DORCHY H. , TOUSSAINT D. , VANDERSCHUEREN‐LODEWEYCKX M. , VANDENBUSSCHE E. , VROEDE M. DE , LOEB H.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Dorchy, H., Toussaint, D., Vanderschueren‐Lodeweyckx, M., Vandenbussche, E., De Vroede, M. and Loeb, H. (Departments of Paediatrics, Universities of Brussels and of Leuven and the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Brussels, Belgium). Leakage of fluorescein: First sign of juvenile diabetic retinopathy. Role of diabetic control and of duration of diabetes. Acta Paediatr Scnad, Suppl. 277: 48, 1979.—In order to ascertain the first vascular lesions responsible for juvenile diabetic retinopathy, 408 fluorescein angiographies were performed in 114 diabetic children and adolescents whose diabetes became clinically apparent before the age of 14 years. Compared with regular ophthalmoscopy, fluorescein angiography doubles the frequency of the diagnosis of incipient retinopathy. In addition to the classical diabetic lesions, fluorescein leakages are demonstrated in 50 % of diabetic eyes with initial retinopathy. They probably reflect early changes in capillary permeability. They appear often before microaneurysms. Duration of diabetes as well as insufficient and poor metabolic control considerably increase the frequency of retinopathy.
LYMPHOCYTE SUBPOPULATIONS IN NEONATES, YOUNG CHILDREN AND ADULTS AS DETECTED BY SIX CELL SURFACE MARKERS
Authors: GMELIG‐MEYLING F. , DOLLEKAMP I. , ZEGERS B. J. M. , BALLIEUX R. E.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Gmelig‐Meyling, F., Dollekamp, I., Zegers, B. J. M. and Ballieux, R. E. (University Children's Hospital “Het Wilhelmina Kinderziekenhuis” and Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands). Lymphocyte subpopulations in neonates, young children and adults as detected by six cell surface markers. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 13, 1980.—In this study, six surface marker tests were performed on lymphocytes from normal individuals of three age groups: neonates, children from 0 to 2 years of age, and adults. Determined were the proportions of T cells binding sheep red blood cells, of B cells carrying surface immunoglobulins or binding mouse red blood cells, and of lymphocytes bearing receptors for IgM, for IgG or for complement. The T cell percentage appeared to increase with the age; the percentage of B cells was highest in the children's group, as determined by both marker tests. Neonates had a much lower proportion of IgM‐receptor bearing cells than older individuals. The variation in the percentages of T cells and of IgM‐receptor bearing cells in the young age groups was relatively large as compared to adults. The significance of these observations is discussed; they may be of value for the proper evaluation of results obtained in diagnostical tests on neonates and young children
IMMUNOCOMPETENCE IN OBESITY
Authors: CHANDRA R. K. , KUTTY K. M.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Chandra, R. K. & Kutty, K. M. (Department of Pediatrics, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada). Immunocompetence in obesity. Acta Paediatr Scand 69:25, 1980.—Thirty‐eight % of obese children and adolescents showed a variable impairment of cell‐mediated immune responses in vivo and in vitro and reduction of intracellular bacterial killing by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The obese group had a higher incidence of iron deficiency and moderately lower serum zinc concentrations. Levels of serum immunoglobulins, complement components C3 and C4, and numbers of T and B lymphocytes were comparable in the two groups. Serum triglycerides, cholesterol and lipoproteins were normal in all subjects. Immunologic changes correlated with the presence of subclinical deficiencies of iron and zinc. Therapy with these micronutrients for 4 weeks resulted in improvement in immunologic responses
SERUM LEVELS OF THYROTROPIN, THYROXINE, 3,3‘,5‐TRIIODOTHYRONINE AND 3,3’,5‘‐TRIIODOTHYRONINE (REVERSE T3) IN THE FIRST SIX DAYS OF LIFE
Authors: CAVALLO L. , MARGIOTTA W. , KERNKAMP C. , PUGLIESE G.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Cavallo, L., Margiotta, W., Kernkamp, C. and Pugliese, G. (Istituto di Puericultura, Università di Bari and CNR, Italy). Serum levels of thyrotropin, thyroxine, 3,3′,5‐triiodothyronine, and 3,3′,5′‐triiodothyronine (reverse T3) in the first six days of life. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:43, 1980.—Serum concentrations of thyrotropin (TSH), thyroxine (T4), 3,3′,5‐triiodothyronine (T3), and 3,3′,5′‐triiodothyronine (rT3) were determined in blood samples from 140 full‐term healthy newborns, 110 appropriate weight and 30 large‐forgestational age, aged 1 to 6 days, delivered vaginally and breast‐fed. Serum TSH levels decreased progressively from the 1st to the 4th day; serum T4 levels increased, with a peak on the 2nd day, and then progressively decreased until the 6th day; serum T3 levels increased to a maximum value on the 2nd day and then decreased to a minimum on the 5th day; serum rT3 levels increased during the 1st day and the level remained constant from the 2nd to the 4th day and later decreased slightly. The decrease of T3 was more pronounced than that of T4, while rT3 remained at high levels until the 4th day. Dividing the data into narrower intervals of time, it was possible to show that the maximum value of TSH was followed first by a net increase in serum T3, then in T4, and lastly in rT3 ant T3 levels. These data indicate that the rapid increase after birth of serum T3 levels is prevalently TSH‐dependent; the following increase in serum levels of T3 and the increase in rT3 are prevalently T4‐dependent. This study provides data concerning physiological changes in TSH and thyroid hormones in serum from a large number of infants, during the first week of life. They should be useful for the understanding of thyroid function in early postnatal life
PUBERTAL GROWTH AS REFLECTED BY SIMULTANEOUS CHANGES IN BONE MINERAL CONTENT AND SERUM ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE
Authors: KRABBE S. , CHRISTIANSEN C. , RØDBRO P. , TRANSBØL I.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Krabbe, S., Christiansen, C., Rødbro, P and Transbøl, I. (University Clinic of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital Fuglebakken, Copenhagen F, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Department of Clinical Physiology Aalborg Sygehus Syd, Aalborg, and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hvidovre Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark). Pubertal growth as reflected by stimultaneous changes in bone mineral content and serum alkaline phosphatase. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:49, 1980.—Bone mineral content and total serum alkaline phosphatase were measured simultaneously in 230 normal children and adolescents aged 7–20 years. The bone mineral content showed almost no variation from the age of 7 to 13 in boys and 7 to 11 in girls. Thereafter a sharp increase was seen in both sexes with a highly significant sex difference between the mean values. Bone mineral content showed a fairly high correlation with age, height, weight, and surface area in boys. Before the time of the growth spurt, however, these variables were poorly correlated or not correlated at all. Concentrations of total serum alkaline phosphatase increased up to the age of 14 in boys and 11 in girls. Thereafter a rapid fall was seen in both sexes, the mean levels being significantly higher in boys. The fall approximated adult levels in boys by the age of 20 and in girls by 18. A significant negative correlation between bone mineral content and serum alkaline phosphatase was seen both in boys (r= 0.71, p < 0.001) and in girls (r= 0.79, p < 0.001)
FAMILIAL AGGREGATION OF BLOOD‐PRESSURE IN NEWLY BORN INFANTS AND THEIR MOTHERS
Authors: IBSEN K. KAAS , GRØNBÆK M.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Ibsen, K. K. and GrønbÆk, M. (University Clinic of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital Fuglebakken, Copenhagen, Denmark). Familial aggregation of blood‐pressure in newly born infants and their mothers. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 109, 1980.—The results of blood‐pressure measurements in a group of 48 women and their newly born infants are reported. The systolic blood‐pressure (SBP) was measured in the infants on the 2nd or 3rd day and on the 4th or 5th day after delivery. SBP in the infants was found to increase from the first measurement at the age of 2 or 3 days to the second measurement at the age of 4–5 days. No significant correlation was found between the SBP in the mothers and the recordings in the infants aged 2–3 days but highly significant correlation was found between the SBP in the infants at 4–5 days and both the SBP (r= 0.54, p < 0.001) and the diastolic blood‐pressures (r= 0.37, p < 0.05) in the mothers. Familial aggregation of blood‐pressure levels has thus been demonstrated in infants at an earlier age than previously reported
EVALUATION OF MECHANICAL VENTILATION IN NEWBORN INFANTS: I. Techniques and survival rates
Authors: LINDROTH M. , SVENNINGSEN N. W. , AHLSTRöM H. , JONSON B.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Lindroth, M., Svenningsen, N. W., Ahlström, H. and Jonson, B. (Neonatal Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden). Evaluation of mechanical ventilation in newborn infants. 1. Techniques and survival rates. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 143, 1980.—The short‐term outcome with survival rate, causes of death and neonatal complications in a 6‐year material comprising 253 infants treated with intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) in the neonatal period has been analyzed in relation to different primary disorders necessitating IPPV treatment. The total survival rate was 53%. For the different diagnoses the survival rates were: hyaline membrane disease (HMD) 41%, apnoea repetens of immaturity 85%, severe birth asphyxia 46% and septicemia 59%. The total rate of pneumothorax during IPPV was 15% but occurred more often in the HMD group (28%). Trends in survival rates over the study period are discussed as are measurements for improvements.
PULMONARY FUNCTION STUDIES IN LONG‐TERM SURVIVORS WITH ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION IN THE NEONATAL PERIOD
Authors: BORKENSTEIN J. , BORKENSTEIN M. , ROSEGGER H.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Borkenstein, J., Borkenstein, M. and Rosegger, H. (Department of Medicine and Department of Paediatrics, University of Graz, Landeskrankenhaus, Graz, Austria). Pulmonary function studies in long‐term survivors with artificial ventilation in the neonatal period. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 159, 1980.—Lung function tests in 11 children aged 2.5–5.5 years who required intermittent positive pressure ventilation (1–624 hrs) in infancy were obtained. The conditions necessitating artificial ventilation were hyaline membrane disease, neonatal apneic spells, aspiration of milk, and birth asphyxia. On examination the probands were in a good healthy state and without any subjective signs of dyspnea. Lung volumes could be measured in all of the probands. They did not show any statistically significant deviation from standards for height and correlated with the age of the probands. Time related flow rates were sufficiently measurable in 7 probands only, who cooperated adequately. In 6 of them the expiratory flow showed a decrease of the effort independent portion with a slight increase in the total airway resistance. There was no correlation between the condition requiring artificial ventilation, the former therapeutic characteristics and the degree of the pathological lung function tests. The results of this investigation suggest damage of the smallest airways which could be the reason for the obstructively impaired expiratory patterns seen in 6 of the probands.
THE CORD SERUM FREE AMINO ACID LEVELS IN APPROPRIATE AND SMALL FOR GESTATIONAL AGE NEWBORN INFANTS OF MOTHERS WITHOUT CLINICAL MALNUTRITION IN ABIDJAN
Authors: REINHARDT M. C. , BURKHALTER J. F.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Reinhardt, M. C. and Burkhalter, J. F. (Department of Immunology, Institute of Child Health, London, England and Laboratoire Central, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vandois, Lausanne, Switzerland). The cord serum free amino acid levels in appropriate and small for gestational age newborn infants of mothers without clinical malnutrition in Abidjan. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 201, 1980.—The cord serum amino acid levels were determined in nine small for gestational age and fourteen appropriate for gestational age newborn infants of Abidjan, Ivory Coast. Small for gestational age newborns had a significantly lower total amount of amino acids, but the characteristic deviation of the individual concentrations and the high glycine/valine ratio seen in experimental and clinical protein deficiency were not found.
PLASMA PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE IN THE HUMAN NEONATE
Authors: LUCAS A. , ADRIAN T. E. , BLOOM S. R. , AYNSLEY‐GREEN A.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Lucas, A., Adrian, T. E., Bloom, S. R. and Aynsley‐Green, A. (University Department of Paediatrics, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford and Hammersmith Hospital, London). Plasma pancreatic polypeptide in the human neonate. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 211, 1980.—Plasma pancreatic polypeptide (PP) concentrations have been studied in 197 healthy term and preterm infants. At birth plasma concentrations were lower than those found in the young fasting adult (p > 0.01), but by the sixth postnatal day in both term and preterm infants basal concentrations had risen to adult levels. In preterm infants, who were studied at two further postnatal ages, 13 and 24 days, basal plasma PP concentrations peaked at 13 days with levels that were over twice those seen in fasting adults (p > 0.005). However, the marked PP elevations following feeding that have been reported in adults, were not seen in any of the groups of neonates studied. PP physiology thus appears to differ in neonates and adults. These findings may be relevant to adaptation to postnatal life.
SERUM GROUP I PEPSINOGENS IN CHILDREN
Authors: WALDUM H. L. , STRAUME B. K. , BURHOL P. G. , DAHL L. BREDRUP
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Waldum, H. L., Straume, B. K., Burhol, P. G. and Bredrup Dahl, L. (Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Tromsø, and Institute of Community Medicine, Tromsø, Norway). Serum group I pepsinogens in children. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:215, 1980.—Serum group I pepsinogens (PG I) were determined by a radioimmunoassay method in blood drawn from premature and newborn infants, children of various ages, a control group of young healthy adults, and a group of women at delivery. Very low concentrations of PG I were found in blood of prematures and newborns, and there was no correlation between serum PG I in women at delivery and their newborn full‐term infants. Serum PG I rose abruptly during the early months of life, but remained significantly reduced up to the age of 10 years. These findings are in agreement with those reports showing an increasing pepsin secretion during childhood, and thus indirectly lend support to the use of serum PG I as an estimate of gastric pepsin secretion.
TRANSIENT HYPERPHOSPHATASEMIA OF INFANCY
Authors: NATHAN E.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Nathan, E. (Department of Paediatrics, Kolding Hospital, Kolding, Denmark). Transient Hyperphosphatasemia of Infancy. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:235, 1980.—Striking transient increases in serum alkaline phosphatase in 6 infants are reported. Isoenzymes were studied in 3 infants and increased activity was found in bone as well as in liver fractions. Repeated serum determinations demonstrated a duration of about 11 weeks with a peak serum value in the 6th week. The etiology is unknown but an infectious cause is discussed. The condition may be rather frequent but gives no obvious symptoms. It is important to know this condition to avoid unnecessary diagnostic procedures.
PREVENTION OF CEREBRAL PALSY IN MOTOR RISK INFANTS BY TREATMENT AD MODUM VOJTA: A Controlled Study
Authors: BRANDT S. , LøSNSTRUP H. V. , MARNER T. , RUMP K. J. , SELMAR P. , SCHACK L. K.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Brandt, S., Lønstrup, H., Marner, T., Rump, K. J., Selmar, P., Schack, L. K. (Clinic for Cerebral Palsy and Child Neurology, Orthopedic Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark) and d'Avignon, M., Norén, L. and Årman, T. (The Paediatric Clinics of St. Göran's and Danderyd Hospitals, Stockholm, Sweden). Prevention of cerebral palsy in motor risk infants by treatment ad modum Vojta. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 283, 1980.—The proposal by V. Vojta in 1974 to prevent development of cerebral palsy in ‘motor risk’ infants by special treatment has been investigated in 11 Danish and 10 Swedish babies and compared with 30 control infants with a similar risk, who were not given Vojta treatment. We found a tendency for ‘uncomplicated’ cerebral palsy cases to accumulate in the control group, although the difference was non‐significant on a 5% level. Further con‐trolled studies must be completed before it is possible to accept the prophylactive treatment of cerebral palsy recommended by Vojta.
TREATMENT OF GIRLS WITH EXCESSIVE HEIGHT PREDICTION: Follow‐up of Forty Girls Treated with Intramuscular Estradiol and Progesterone
Authors: ANDERSEN HENNING , JACOBSEN B. BROCK , KASTRUP KNUD W. , KRABBE SØREN , PEITERSEN BIRGIT , PETERSEN KNUD E. , THAMDRUP ERIK , WICHMANN ROBERT
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Andersen, H., Brock Jacobsen, B., Kastrup, K. W., Krabbe, S., Peitersen, B., Petersen, K. E., Thamdrup, E. and Wichmann, R. (Endocrine Clinic, Children's Hospital Fuglebakken, University of Copenhagen). Treatment of girls with excessive height prediction. Follow‐up of 40 girls treated with intramuscular estradiol and progesterone. Acta Pædiatr Scand, 69:293, 1980.—In a follow‐up study of 40 tall girls treated with intramuscular estradiol and progesterone, the final height, bone age maturation, side effects and acceptance of treatment were evaluated. The mean duration of treatment was 18 months. During treatment, mean height increase was 6.5 cm (height velocity 3.7 cm/year), which is nearly 50 % reduction of normal growth rate. The mean increase in bone age was 2.7 years (bone age velocity 1.8 years/year), which approximates twice the normal maturation rate. The mean reduction in final height was 5.0 cm as evaluated by the method of Bayley‐Pinneau (BP), 2.9 cm by the method of Tanner et al. (TW) and 3.0 cm by the method of Roche et al. (RWT). The reduction was greatest when treatment was started before menarche, according to all three prediction methods. When treatment was started after menarche the calculated height reduction was greatest according to the BP method. There was good agreement between the three prediction methods in girls with a bone age below 12 years before treatment. In girls with a bone age above 12 years the height reduction by the BP method was much greater than when measured by the other methods. Side effects evaluated at follow‐up were minimal and first menstruation occurred within 3 months (mean) after cessation of treatment. The number of pregnancies was estimated to be normal for age. All but three accepted the treatment. It is concluded that this type of treatment must be restricted to girls with severe psychological problems due to excessive height prognosis and selection for treatment must be based on an individualized evaluation.
CYTOTOXIC TREATMENT IN CHILDREN WITH IDIOPATHIC NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
Authors: HERIN PETER , ERIKSSON MARGARETA
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Herin, P. and Eriksson, M. (Department of Paediatrics, Karolinska Institutet, St. Göran's Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden). Cytotoxic treatment in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:315, 1980.—The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the therapeutic value of steroids and cytotoxics in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome which developed during the period 1968–1977. Thirty‐eight patients were followed. They were divided into three morphological groups based on renal biopsy findings, i.e., minimal changes (MCNS, n=34), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS, n=2) and atypical undefined changes (Undef., n=2). In the latter two groups therapy was less successful than in the MCNS‐group. This study conclusively demonstrates that cytotoxic therapy is of value in prolonging the duration of the remission and increasing the responsiveness to steroids in children with MCNS.
THE RISK OF JAUNDICE IN GLUCOSE‐6‐PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENT BABIES EXPOSED TO MENTHOL
Authors: OLOWE S. A. , RANSOME‐KUTI O.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Olowe, S. A. and Ransome‐Kuti, O. (Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria). The risk of jaundice in glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase babies exposed to menthol. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:341, 1980.—A major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in Lagos, Nigeria, is severe neonatal jaundice seen in G‐6‐PD deficient babies. The observation that the jaundice is more severe in outpatient than in inpatient babies suggests that its cause is exogenous. “Mentholated” powder which is commonly used in many clinics and at home to dress umbilical cords was suspected to be the offending agent. A controlled study of the effects of one of these powders was carried out on 60 consecutive G‐6‐PD deficient babies. In 30 of them the umbilical cords were dressed daily with the powder while the remaining half who were untreated served as controls. The treated babies developed statistically more significant jaundice than the controls. Inability of neonates to conjugate menthol in this power is probably responsible for the jaundice developed by these G‐6‐PD deficient babies. It is concluded that the use of menthol and/or camphor‐containing commercial products on neonates be discontinued, especially in communities where the incidence of G‐6‐PD deficiency is high as the use of such products may be contributing to the severity of neonatal jaundice.
UMBILICAL ARTERY CATHETERIZATION IN NEWBORNS: IV. Strain‐Gauge Plethysmography for the Diagnosis of Catheter‐Related Thrombo‐Embolism in the Legs
Authors: WESSTRöM GöRAN , LASSVIK CLAES
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Wesström, G. and Lassvik, C. (Departments of Paediatrics and Clinical Physiology, University Hospital, Linkoping, Sweden). Umbilical artery catheterization in newborns. IV. Strain‐gauge plethysmography for the diagnosis of catheter‐related thromboembolism in the legs. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:365, 1980.—Strain‐gauge plethysmography was performed shortly after withdrawal of the catheter in 48 of 49 newborn infants who had undergone umbilical artery catheterization. Plethysmography was used to find a non‐invasive method for diagnosing catheter‐related thrombo‐embolism in neonates. The results were compared with the findings at angiography. The method permits simultaneous measurements of the systolic blood pressure and of the resting and submaximal blood flow in both legs. Nine infants showed angiographic signs of total or partial occlusion in one leg, and 8 of them were investigated with plethysmography. The systolic blood pressure was significantly reduced in infants with total and/or partial occlusion, but the blood flow was reduced only in infants with total occlusion. The peak now after suprasystolic occlusion was significantly oftener delayed in infants with thrombo‐embolism in the leg.
TRANSEPIDERMAL WATER LOSS IN NEWBORN INFANTS: IV. Small for Gestational Age Infants
Authors: HAMMARLUND K. , SEDIN G.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Hammarlund, K. and Sedin, G. (Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden). Transepidermal water loss in newborn infants. IV. Small for gestational age infants. Ada Paediatr Scand, 69: 377, 1980.—Using a method described earlier, the evaporation rate (ER) from the skin was studied at different ambient humidities in 14 full‐term and 10 pre‐term small for gestational age (SGA) infants. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was estimated in 25 SGA infants born after 30–40 weeks of gestation. Comparisons were made with infants appropriate for gestational age (AGA). A linear relationship was found between ER and ambient humidity in full‐term SGA infants, but with lower ER values than in AGA infants. Lower ER values were also found in moderately pre‐term SGA infants at different ambient humidities. ER was higher at lower ambient humidities in both SGA and AGA infants. In full‐term and moderately pre‐term SGA infants TEWL was lower than in corresponding AGA infants.
ANTIBODIES TO CYTOMEGALOVIRUS AMONG PERSONNEL AT A CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL
Authors: HANEBERG B. , BERTNES E. , HAUKENES G.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Haneberg, B., Bertnes, E. and Haukenes, G. (Department of Paediatrics and Department of Microbiology, University of Bergen, Norway). Antibodies to cytomegalovirus among personnel at a children's hospital. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:407, 1980.—Among 161 individual personnel at Children's Hospital, serum complement fixing antibodies were found more frequently (77%) in those who were in close contact with the patients than (39%) in those with less contact. This difference was most pronounced in the young age group. Most (80%) of the personnel at an age of 30 years or older, were seropositive. The results indicate that young personnel, working in close contact with infants and children in hospital, are at great risk of acquiring cytomegalovirus infection. Student nurses, being exposed to these patients only for a few weeks, also were at risk of being infected. Seronegative pregnant women, working in a children's hospital, should therefore take measures to protect themselves from close contact with the patients since virus excretion occurs frequently, even without clinical signs of CMV‐infection.