bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing Canadian and Colombian Approaches to the Duty to Consult Indigenous Communities on International Treaties
Authors: Newman Dwight , Pineda Wendy Elizabeth Ortega
Published: June 2017

In recent years, the development in Canada of a constitutional duty to consult Indigenous communities has had ramifications on government decision-making that are widespread, far-reaching, and potentially expansive. The modern duty to consult doctrine developed in a series of cases in 2004-2005, ensuring that governments have a duty to consult proactively with Aboriginal communities whose Aboriginal or treaty rights may be adversely impacted by a particular administrative decision, even in the face of uncertainty about the scope of asserted rights in the absence of a final settlement or court decision. Case law development on the duty later established that the duty is also triggered in the context of an early, strategic decision that may determine later administrative decisions. Some have put forth the argument that the duty may be triggered prior to the adoption of legislation; adjudication on that issue is currently making its way forwardthrough the courts. The Hupacasath First Nation case, recently decided at the Federal Court of Appeal, raised another question, that of whether or not consultation was owed to Aboriginal communities in the context of international treaty negotiations. Although the federal government has actually engaged in such consultation in some instances so as to avoid infringing Aboriginal and treaty rights, the case raised the complex question of whether it is constitutionally required to do so in order to comply with the duty to consult doctrine. On the particular facts of the case, the issue concerned the Canada-China foreign investment treaty, which the Hupacasath First Nation argued was apt to lead to later infringements on Aboriginal rights. Both the Federal Court and the Federal Court of Appeal rejected these arguments. Their rejection has broader implications, but we shall argue that it leaves open the possibility that the negotiation of some internationaltreaties may trigger the constitutional duty to consult, thus opening a complex nexus between constitutional and international law.
EQUALITY RIGHTS AND THE ALLOCATION OF SCARCE RESOURCES IN HEALTH CARE: A COMMENT ON CAMERON V. NOVA SCOTIA
Authors: Tigerstrom Barbara von
Published: June 2017

EQUALITY RIGHTS AND THE ALLOCATION OF SCARCE RESOURCES IN HEALTH CARE: A COMMENT ON CAMERON V. NOVA SCOTIA
READING THE PREAMBLE TO THE BRITISH NORTH AMERICA ACT, 1867
Authors: Corbett SM
Published: June 2017

READING THE PREAMBLE TO THE BRITISH NORTH AMERICA ACT, 1867
ROADBLOCKS IN THE WAY OF CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGE
Authors: Cairns Alan C
Published: June 2017

ROADBLOCKS IN THE WAY OF CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGE
SECTION 15: EQUALITY? WHERE?
Authors: Trakman Leon
Published: June 2017

SECTION 15: EQUALITY? WHERE?
Lost in Translation: Social Realities, Insite, and the Law in Legal Education
Authors: Richards Tim
Published: June 2017

What comprises a legal education? What is its breadth and depth? What approaches, processes and content fulfill our responsibilities as legal educators?
COMMENTS
Authors: Russell Peter
Published: June 2017

COMMENTS
SHARPE’S PERVERSE AESTHETIC
Authors: Bell Shannon
Published: June 2017

Robin Sharpe1 was charged with possession of child pornography under section 163.1 of the Criminal Code.2 He argued that the section violated his freedom of expression under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.3 The Supreme Court of Canada found that the provision prohibited the possession of visual representations that a reasonable person would view as depictions of explicit sexual activity with a person under the age of eighteen. The Court found that the sexual nature of the representations must be determined objectively. That is, it must be the “dominant characteristic.”4 In addition, the Court found that the section prohibited possession of written or visual materials that actively induce or encourage sexual acts with children.5
UNBALANCED BALANCING: BILL C-46, "LIKELY RELEVANCE," AND STAGE-ONE BALANCING
Authors: Renke Wayne
Published: June 2017

UNBALANCED BALANCING: BILL C-46, "LIKELY RELEVANCE," AND STAGE-ONE BALANCING
Translation, Littérisation, and the Nobel Prize for Literature
Authors: Washbourne Kelly
Published: June 2017

This work is a cultural economics study of the problem of translation production and assessment in and leading up to the literary Nobel Prize deliberations. I argue that the constraints of assessing an unevenly and partially translated body of literary works, many of them from less common languages, present an unbreachable expertise gap. Translation as a sacralization, or consecration in Casanova’s (2004) term, of a writer’s work is considered in the context of the award. Ultimately the prize is shown to depend upon translations carried out in dissimilar circumstances for each candidate. The award of the Nobel is part of the founder’s call for works to be more widely circulated, not to reward fame; thus a Nobel is more an invitation to translate than a recognition of an author in translation, although evidence suggests that the post-Nobel translational impact may vary by writer and over time. This study sheds light on the degree to which the Prize is an authority-mediated phenomenon, and while critiquing the quixotic task of judging disparate forms and amounts of cultural capital side by side, and never from a point of neutrality, it also attempts to show how translation shapes this symbolic form of prestige in the struggle for existence. I posit that alternative prizes and prize-awarding in general as fraught with similar cross-language challenges. Possibilities for future research, qualitative analysis of the Nobel and translation demand, among other consequences, are briefly sketched.
L’empathie rationnelle : vers un nouveau paradigme traductionnel
Authors: Collombat Isabelle
Published: June 2017

This article sets out to show that translation, far from being a mere impersonation, is an activity involving a complex form of rational empathy. In order to do their work to the best of their abilities, translators must adopt an empathetic attitude not only toward the author of the source text, but also toward the text and the future reader whose knowledge skills he needs to consider in the same way the original author did.

Our text situates the translation process in a functionalist perspective and subordinates it to the preliminary establishment of a translation postulate (“postulat traductif”) in accordance with which the translator lays down a translation strategy based on the type of text, the origin of the text, for whom the text is intended as well the function of the text. At this stage, the translator seeks to achieve maximum objectivity based on rational empathy.

As a rule, empathy in translation is associated with literary translation, in keeping with a lyrical view of the latter and with an inordinate focusing on the author. We will try to show that the empathy factor is a constant, whether the text be literary or pragmatic, and that rational empathy is an indispensable tool for all translators since few of them are in a position to both choose their texts and hope to feel a spontaneous emotional empathy with their author or text.

Lastly, we will see that a broad general culture, including both a knowledge of the source language and culture, combined with an acute awareness of one’s own culture, is an essential basis for rational empathy, and conditions the intercultural and communication skills of the translator. Seen from this angle, the translator must master the various linguistic codes, namely language levels and diatopic variations, which he must use in order to best fulfil his role as a translator according to the most efficient translation postulate.
Transforming Alyosha into Superman: Invented Traditions and Street Art Subversion in Post-Communist Bulgaria
Authors: Traykov Bozhin
Published: June 2017

On June 17th 2011 graffiti artists transformed the West side of the Monument of the Soviet Army (MSA) in Sofia, Bulgaria. MSA comprises part of a spatial environment where the invented traditions of the Bulgarian state interact and compete. The art of provocation challenges those invented traditions and opens up the potential for alternative readings and discursive practices of the past and present, contrary to the official political and NGO discourse. As such it subverts ideological symbols in a fashion similar to the carnivalesque. The graffiti art provides the potential to reevaluate, bridge and connect a violent past with an equally violent present, as well as pose questions about the future. It signifies the presence of history and politics in everyday life.
Transmesis: Dealing with Translation in Translation
Authors: Ivashkiv Roman
Published: June 2017

The concept of transmesis – a relatively new coinage that even among the seasoned theoreticians and practitioners of translation sometimes elicits a bewildered “trans what?” – is perhaps best illustrated in the works of Jorge Louis Borges. His character Pierre Menard from the widely anthologized story “Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote,” for example, intends (apparently disregarding Horace’s famous “nec verbum verbo” reservation, if of course he happened to be familiar with it) “to produce a few pages which would coincide – word for word and line for line – with those of Miguel de Cervantes” (66). Borges’s “Library of Babel” in addition to the “the minutely detailed history of the future” also contains “the translation of every book in all languages” (Ficciones 81-82).
Introduction
Authors: Malena Anne
Published: June 2017

Intro to 5.1-2
Le «SARS» et les maux identitaires chinois. Néologismes, métissage et tradition de la traduction
Authors: Villard Florent
Published: June 2017

Dans une Chine contemporaine engagée dans un très important renouveau du discours culturaliste, la langue et l'écriture, en tant que symboles essentialistes de l’identité chinoise, sont aussi l'objet d’enjeux politiques nationalistes. A partir de la querelle autour de la juste appellation à donner au virus du SARS, nous questionnons, dans une perspective historique, la dimension politique et idéologique des néologismes. Il s’agit surtout d’insister sur l’histoire transculturelle des concepts du monde intellectuel et culturel en Chine moderne, et de dépasser l’illusoire opposition discursive entre la posture universaliste et son double culturaliste.

Since the mid-1980s, China’s intellectual and political world has been prey to a strong cultural nationalism which has tended to contest or to deny modern history and culture. This paper is a case study which brings to the fore the linguistic quarrel concerning the SARS epidemic which spread over China and part of the world during the Winter of 2002-2003. By discussing this discourse which balances between national identity affirmation and integration in a globalized world, we will try to overcome the triviality of this linguistic quarrel by replacing it in a broader political and historical perspective. This paper aims at insisting on the transcultural history of the modern Chinese cultural and intellectual lexicon helping to overcome the dominant and false discursive opposition between a universalist position and its culturalist counterpart.
Diesel® Plays the Fool: Translating Performance in Fashion Ads
Authors: Siemens Elena
Published: June 2017

This paper discusses the controversial “Be Stupid” advertising campaign by Diesel, recipient of the Grand Prix Lion at the Cannes International Advertising Festival (2010). Banned in some countries for its potentially negative impact on children, this campaign employs theatrical staging combined with provocative slogans, such as “Stupid Might Fail. Smart Doesn’t Even Try.” Illustrated with orginal images inspired by Diesel, the paper refers to prominent theorists and artists (from Derrida to Warhol) to consider the complex (and productive) relationship between translation and performance.
The Factor of Author's Reputation in Retranslations: Edgar Allan Poe on the Turkish Literary Scene
Authors: BIRKAN-BAYDAN ESRA
Published: June 2017

This paper investigates the validity of André Lefevere’s assumption that “a canonized author is translated more on his own terms (according to his own poetics) than on those of the receiving system” (2000: 237) through a case study of Edgar Allan Poe retranslations in the Turkish literary system. The first part of the paper includes extratextual analysis carried out according to Gérard Genette’s categorization of “metatexts” and “paratexts,” and a further category which includes the social media. Poe’s poetics and the poetics of the Turkish literary system, as well as Poe’s reception in the system are explored through extratextual analysis to determine whether Poe gained more canonicity or reputation. The extratextual analysis reveals the author’s increasing influence, reception and reputation in the Turkish literary system over a time span of almost ninety years. The second part of the paper presents the textual analysis of Poe’s two tales, “Hop-Frog” and “The Masque of the Red Death”, in eight translations published between 1928 and 2002. Textual analysis serves to reveal whether Poe was translated more according to his own poetics as he became more reputable in the target literary system. The paper concludes that factors other than reputation of an author have also a role to play in translating an author according to his own poetics.
Literary Translation and (or as?) Conflict between the Arab World and the West
Authors: Ettobi Mustapha
Published: June 2017

Major developments in the translation of literary works from Arabic into French and English and vice versa tend to indicate that it has been influenced by the geopolitical relationship between the Arab world and Western countries. In my paper I try to show how the essence of this translation history has taken root in the power differentials and conflicts between these two entities by analyzing three different phases of translation, namely:

- Napoleon Bonaparte’s Expedition to Egypt in the 18th century and the translation movement that followed in the 19th century.

- Post-Second-World-War phase including the intense translation activity during the Nasser era.

- From 1988 (when Mahfouz was awarded the Nobel Prize) to the post-9/11 era.

I will also explain how translators (like Canadian-born Johnson-Davies) played a key role in these times of war and/or peace. The work of some of them can also be considered as a form of resistance against prevailing (often negative) representations of the Other and its culture. The article ends with reflections on the current (and future) situation of the translation of Arabic literature into English and French.
Anticolonial Poetry and Anti-imperial Translation in a Postcolonial Age
Authors: Iorga Anton
Published: June 2017

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Metakimosphere no.2
Authors: Birringer Johannes
Published: June 2017

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Multiple im/person/aliz/ations: Four Attempts to 'get under the skin' of Poets
Authors: Priestly Tom
Published: June 2017

I have been actively translating for about twenty years. Looking back, I now realize that it made translation easier when I tried to ‘become’ the original writer: I was more successful when I asked myself, “what would they have written if they had had my knowledge of English?” and, for poetry, when faced with the clash between the demands of form and content, “which way would they bend?’

Rather than attempt any theorizing, I propose to relate my efforts to get under the skin of a number of poets, for example: one, surviving the siege of Leningrad; another, pioneering multiple poetic genres in early 19th-century Central Europe; a third who (successfully? I am not sure) aimed to capture the horror of a Nazi atrocity in Vienna; a fourth who became the most popular author of Slovene poetry for children by temporarily shedding his own adulthood. Also, I will add my recent attempts to capture, in Slovene, the style of children in war-torn Northern Uganda who are writing to the sponsors who are paying their school fees in a charming but not always clear fractured English (which they are just learning): is it possible, is it expedient to pretend to be such a child in order to transfer their thoughts into Slovene?

It certainly helps to have been a teacher. Teachers are, I believe, better teachers if they can act the roles of others, and translators can perhaps be better translators if they can ‘become’ other people. Anyway, it makes for a more interesting life.
Staying Alive and Finding the Balance - An Interview with Scholar-Translator Dr. Kathryn Hellerstein
Authors: Uca Didem
Published: June 2017

An interview with Kathryn Hellerstein, a translator of Yiddish poetry into English, a poet, and a professor of Yiddish at the University of Pennsylvania, conducted on March 11th, 2015.
Just How Marginal Was Machado de Assis? The Early Translations and the Borges Connection
Authors: McNeil Rhett
Published: June 2017

Brazilian literature is traditionally understood to have developed in relative isolation from the literatures of Hispanophone Latin America, inhabiting a peripheral cultural space within the already peripheral sphere of Latin American literature. Perhaps the most striking example of this traditional conception is the commonly held assumption of the complete literary-historical separation of two of Latin America’s most renowned fiction writers: the Brazilian Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis and the Argentine Jorge Luis Borges. Machado de Assis, in particular, is often regarded as inhabiting a double cultural periphery, as both a Latin American and a Brazilian, who, furthermore, wrote in a “minor” language, never traveled outside of his own country, and rarely ever left his native Rio de Janeiro. Another enduring belief, tangential to the tale of Brazil’s cultural isolation, is that Machado de Assis’s work went untranslated, by and large, until about half a century after his death. Yet the early translation history of Machado’s work offers a fascinating insight into the literary ties that connect his work to the dominant literary cultures of the Americas and Europe and provides an intriguing literary-historical link between Machado de Assis and Jorge Luis Borges. Curiously, the connection between Machado and Borges, whose countries share a border, follows a route of translational cultural exchange through France and Spain, and involves a prolific translator who was both the first Spanish translator of Machado’s short fiction and the mentor of a young Borges: Rafael Cansinos Assens. Thus, the early history of Machado’s fiction in translation demonstrates that Machado is a much less peripheral figure than previously imagined, and that, through Machado, Brazilian literature is more intimately intertwined with the literatures of Hispanophone Latin America and the cultural capitals of Europe than critics and scholars have recognized.
My Past As Retold By My “Munsters”
Authors: D’Angelo Francesca
Published: June 2017

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Paris Wall Flowers, Moscow Wall Wars
Authors: Siemens Elena
Published: June 2017

“Paris Wall Flowers, Moscow Wall Wars” is intended as an introduction to the themed issue on Translating Street Art, inspired in part by Guy Debord and his associates from the Situationist International (SI). The issue’s international cast of contributors trace various contemporary expressions of the “dérive” and the “detournament” as found in many diverse spheres from graffiti to defaced monuments to “subvertising.” Following in the footsteps of the SI’s collage-like publications, Translating Street Art incorporates poetry, photography, scholarly essays, and personal accounts. “Paris Wall Flowers, Moscow Wall Wars” discusses two graffiti sites in Paris and Moscow, and considers the importance of their locations, as well as the distinction between street art and graffiti, and the fate of the unofficial genres in today’s mainstream culture.
The Translation of Graphemes in Anime in Its Original and Fansubbed Versions
Authors: Josephy-Hernández Daniel E.
Published: June 2017

Anime, Japanese animation, is massive, with “60% of the animation in the world made in Japan” (Goto-Jones 2009, 3). Anime occasionally makes an innovative use of graphemes on screen, but this has not been studied so far. This study, then, describes and analyses how graphemes have been translated in anime, presenting a series of cases, but concentrating on three particular releases: Gurren Lagann, Kill la Kill, and Tōkyō Godfathers, products that feature a frequent and innovative use of graphemes in its anime. These graphemes are categorised into two types: (1) the ones that are part of the original anime and (2) the graphemes added in fansubbed anime. Much anime is fansubbed (subtitled by fans), and these fans are not constrained by the industry’s rules, meaning that they have complete liberty in subtitling, allowing for really creative forms of subtitling. Even if this freedom can sometimes be taken to the extreme—with subtitles covering the entire screen—fansubs have shown creative subtitling solutions, specially in the case of graphemes that cover a great part of the screen. After describing and analysing these graphemes and how they have been subtitled, this article concludes that, even if fansubs can frequently be excessive, they are at the fore of creativity, and present better solutions than official subtitles in the translation of graphemes in anime.
I Can Do Better Than That!
Authors: Homel David
Published: June 2017

This paper builds on the notion of crypto-languages, or hidden languages, to narrate the author’s coming to writing and translation. His novels are discussed as all including one aspect or another of crypto-language. For example, Russian becomes the key to salvation for Sonya, who doesn’t know how to speak it, in Sonya & Jack, and a clinical psychologist in the former Yugoslavia admits in The Speaking Cure to knowing that his patients lie to him, but that behind every lie lies the truth. The author himself learned the difference between “real” foreign languages—French, German or Spanish—and cryto-languages—Polish, Czech or Yiddish—during his childhood in Chicago. The experience of learning French forged in him the desire to write, which in turn created the desire to translate that is described here as a kind of voyeurism. The title of the paper refers to the feeling one has while reading some translated fiction: “I can do better than that!” Translation, as a form of writing, can improve the original by correcting various mistakes, in the logic of the plot, for instance. But there is a difference between writing and translating: the writer writes to find out how the story will end but the translator already knows. As a result, the best way for a writer to translate is to resist reading the book before starting the translation.
Stirred Memories 15
Authors: Siemens Elena
Published: June 2017

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CONCRETE IMPRESSIONS: A POETIC VISION OF CUBAN GRAFFITI
Authors: Cruikshank Stephen
Published: June 2017

For those familiar with the sight of Cuban streets, particularly that of Havana, the photos represented in this series of short poems will not be of surprise seeming as different forms of graffiti seen in words, phrases from famous revolutionaries, or quotations from Cuban patriarchs are a common sight and form of political and ideological expression in Cuban culture. Graffiti in this sense sparks not a feeling of societal rebellion in Cuba, but rather takes a very different place in urban Cuban culture promoting often revolutionary ideologies of the past through historical figures and words plastered along concrete walls and structures. Concrete walls, often the urban back drop of such graffiti, takes the form of a common motif throughout these five poems. Concrete represents a structure of durability and consistency that appeals to the message of graffiti throughout the island. Within such a metaphorical statement erupts a scandal of image versus reality in Cuban society, a society which arguably sees revolutionary ideology at work on walls perhaps at times more than within Cuba's growing modern culture that eagerly seeks ways to break through the old concrete ridden streets. That is to say, one is left to question whether the image on the concrete is as "concrete" as it appears.
Inhaling the Nation: The Cultural Translation and Symbolic Performance of the Cigar in Cuba
Authors: Cruikshank Stephen
Published: June 2017

The following article uses a mixture of poetry and text to trace the cigar through various stages of Cuban history and highlights how the cigar has been translated and as a symbol useful to the construction of Cuban nationalism. In what ways does the cultural representation of the cigar throughout Cuban history create a performance of cultural values, identities, and heritage? As this paper reveals, such a question require us to translate the cigar smoke, to breathe in Cuban history, and to exhale the performance of metaphors.
Adventures in Music Translation: Italian Songs and Arias (aka “The Yellow Book”) and Me
Authors: Penrod Lynn
Published: June 2017

This article is a general exploration of translation issues involved in the translation and performance of the art song, arguing that although critical interest in recent years has been growing, the problems involved in these hybrid translation projects involving both text and music present a number of conundrums: primacy of text or music, focus on performability, and age-old arguments about fidelity and/or foreignization vs domestication. Using information from theatre translation and input from singers themselves, the author argues that this particular area of translation studies will work best in the future with a collaborative approach that includes translators, musicologists, and performers working together in order to produce the most “singable” text as possible for the art song in performance.
The Translator’s Art of Failure: Engaging the Other in Imperfect Harmony
Authors: Silver Katherine
Published: June 2017

Rather than view translation as a compromise at best, a failure at worst, and always derivative and secondary, I explore the practice of literary translation as one of engagement: with the text, with the Other, and with the world. I will discuss the nature of this engagement as dynamic, electric, life-affirming, an encounter and a dialogue that offers an opportunity for both unification and separateness, freedom and intimacy. From this perspective of the personal, I will reach into the realm of the “political,” the broader context within which translators work—the power differentials, the objective material conditions—and the specifics of my own translating relationship: between Latin American Spanish and North American English. My understanding of that relationship—which could be framed as the theory behind my practice—influences what I want to translate—passionate engagement—and how I translate: how I approach the object of desire. I will read from and discuss several of my most recent translations, texts that in themselves explore questions of language and power: the power of language to subvert, and the dis-harmonious and unequal association of languages and cultures in this “globalized” world, where issues of separateness and unification are often a matter of survival.
The Cultural Politics of Translation: The Case of Voltaire’s Mérope and Scipione Maffei’s Merope
Authors: Muneroni Stefano
Published: June 2017

In 1743, Voltaire writes to Scipione Maffei his intention to translate Merope, a drama the Italian playwright had composed thirty years before and that Voltaire deemed worthy of the French stage due to its treatment of the classic heroine and its adherence to classical norms. However, Voltaire later claims that due to flaws in Maffei’s work, he will write his own version of the play. This petty incident stirred a long-lived and animated debate over which dramatist had adhered more closely to the principles of classical theatre and whose country could claim its primacy in European theatre. In my paper, I use this episode to illustrate how translation shapes and is shaped by source and target cultures, and how it determines what is peripheral and what is central to intercultural debates. I argue that both Voltaire and Maffei struggle to assert their position as leading “translators” of classical Greek theatre and eminent interlocutors in the debate over form and content of modern drama. My paper will use Voltaire’s translational faux pas to reflect on the larger issues of how translation situates itself in the middle of cultural hierarchies and how it fashions national identity, cultural pertinence, national subordination, and notions of cultural peripheries and centers, all topics that lie at the heart of contemporary translation studies
Exploring the Links Between Comics Translation and AVT
Authors: Borodo Michał
Published: June 2017

For a very young but steadily developing subfield of Translation Studies such as the translation of comics it seems only natural to look to other research areas within the discipline for inspiration and research methods. This is also one of the aims of the present article, which will attempt to point to certain similarities between comics translation and the subdiscipline of Translation Studies known as AVT (Audiovisual Translation) and the field of subtitling in particular. Both films and comic books are multimodal texts based on the interplay between the verbal and the visual. What is more, both films and comic books are primarily based on dialogue, which is nevertheless transcribed and communicated in writing in both subtitled films and translated comics. Text will, in both cases, usually appear in clearly specified areas, that is at the bottom of the screen (with some exceptions) in subtitled films, and in speech balloons (with some exceptions) in the case of comics. Furthermore, text may be condensed due to the existence of spatial and technical constraints, such as the limited number of characters that may appear at the bottom of the screen or the size of speech balloons and the type of the lettering employed in the case of comics. It is particularly the latter aspect, that is textual condensation related to both spatial constraints and the multimodal character of comics, that the article will focus on, investigating the first Polish translations of Calvin and Hobbes comic strips created by the American cartoonist Bill Watterson.
Multicenter Registry Analysis of Center Characteristics Associated with Technique Failure in Patients on Incident Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Htay Htay , Cho Yeoungjee , Pascoe Elaine M. , Darssan Darsy , Nadeau-Fredette Annie-Claire , Hawley Carmel , Clayton Philip A. , Borlace Monique , Badve Sunil V. , Sud Kamal , Boudville Neil , McDonald Stephen P. , Johnson David W.
Published: June 2017

Background and objectives

Technique failure is a major limitation of peritoneal dialysis. Our study aimed to identify center- and patient-level predictors of peritoneal dialysis technique failure.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

All patients on incident peritoneal dialysis in Australia from 2004 to 2014 were included in the study using data from the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry. Center- and patient-level characteristics associated with technique failure were evaluated using Cox shared frailty models. Death-censored technique failure and cause-specific technique failure were analyzed as secondary outcomes.

Results

The study included 9362 patients from 51 centers in Australia. The technique failure rate was 0.35 (95% confidence interval, 0.34 to 0.36) episodes per patient-year, with a sevenfold variation across centers that was mainly associated with center-level characteristics. Technique failure was significantly less likely in centers with larger proportions of patients treated with peritoneal dialysis (>29%; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.73 to 0.94) and more likely in smaller centers (<16 new patients per year; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.00 to 1.21) and centers with lower proportions of patients achieving target baseline serum phosphate levels (<40%; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 1.29). Similar results were observed for death-censored technique failure, except that center target phosphate achievement was not significantly associated. Technique failure due to infection, social reasons, mechanical causes, or death was variably associated with center size, proportion of patients on peritoneal dialysis, and/or target phosphate achievement, automated peritoneal dialysis exposure, icodextrin use, and antifungal use. The variation of hazards of technique failure across centers was reduced by 28% after adjusting for patient-specific factors and an additional 53% after adding center-specific factors.

Conclusions

Technique failure varies widely across centers in Australia. A significant proportion of this variation is related to potentially modifiable center characteristics, including peritoneal dialysis center size, proportion of patients on peritoneal dialysis, and proportion of patients on peritoneal dialysis achieving target phosphate level.
Mindfulness and suicidal ideation in Chinese older adults: Perceived stress as mediator
Authors: Zeng Weinan , Ma Zewei , Li Hezhan
Published: June 2017

We examined whether or not perceived stress mediates the relationship between mindfulness and suicidal ideation in Chinese older adults. Chinese adults aged from 48 to 59 years (N = 213) completed the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the first
two items of the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised. Results showed that mindfulness was negatively correlated with perceived stress and suicidal ideation, whereas perceived stress was positively correlated with suicidal ideation. Mediation analysis results suggested that perceived stress
fully mediated the relationship between mindfulness and suicidal ideation in Chinese older adults. Therefore, we suggest that it is helpful to focus on the enhancement of mindfulness of older adults, because their perceived stress levels may be decreased by greater mindfulness. It is plausible
that older adults would then be less likely to develop severe suicidal ideation.
Perceived violation of rights and interests and collective action participation in China
Authors: Xu Guanglu , Shen Huizhang , Bock Christian
Published: June 2017

We examined the relationship between individuals' perceived violation of rights and interests and their participation in collective action. In addition, we examined the mediation effects of perceived relative deprivation and political interest. We used data from the Chinese General
Social Survey conducted in 2010, which resulted in a sample size of 11,121. Results showed that, after controlling for demographic variables, perceived violation of rights and interests significantly increased the probability of individuals participating in collective action. Further testing
showed that perceived relative economic deprivation had a significant mediation effect. Although perceived violation of rights and interests also increased individuals' perceived relative social deprivation, the perception of relative social deprivation did not have an effect on collective
action participation. Political interest, however, had a significant mediation effect. Practical implications for public administrators in China are discussed.
Development of understanding of intentionality and moral judgments in preschoolers
Authors: Bian Xiaoying , Wang Yifang , Zhong Xiaolu
Published: June 2017

To explore the development of preschoolers' understanding of intentionality and moral judgments, we administered 3 tasks (classic intentionality, skill intentionality, and awareness intentionality) to 344 children aged between 3 and 6 years. The results showed that children's understanding
of intentionality and moral judgments developed with increasing age. That is, the intentionality and moral judgments made by 3- to 5-year-olds were generally based on behavioral outcomes. In contrast, 6-year-old children started to make judgments by combining behavioral outcomes with intentionality
conditions, which meant that they had started to consider different factors so as to analyze and judge the intentionality and morality of behaviors objectively. The developmental trajectory of intentionality and morality revealed by our study provides theoretical support for guiding children's
intentionality and moral judgments.
Learning culture and affective well-being at work: How does the need for individual growth matter in this relationship?
Authors: Rebelo Teresa , de Sousa , Dimas Isabel , Lourenço Paulo
Published: June 2017

The present research aims (a) to assess the impact that a learning context
has on people, namely in terms of their affective well-being at work; and
(b) to understand the role of individual growth need strength in this
relationship. A cross-sectional research design was conducted, in which were
surveyed 145 public service workers. A structured additive regression (STAR)
model was proposed for the analysis of the data. A linear effect of one
dimension of learning culture (external adaptation), and a nonlinear effect
of individual growth need on affective well-being were identified. Although
the moderation effects were not statistically significant, the findings
suggested a pattern where a balance between learning culture and individual
growth need levels lead to higher values of affective well-being.
Development and validation of the physical education attitude scale for adolescents
Authors: Orlic Ana , Gromovic Ana , Lazarevic Dusanka , Colic Marija , Milanovic Ivana , Radisavljevic-Janic Snezana
Published: June 2017

The goal of this research was to develop and validate a physical education (PE) attitude scale (PEAS) for students in early and middle adolescence, based on the contemporary theories of attitudes as a summary evaluation of different information related to the attitude object. In the first study, preliminary version of the scale was administrated on the sample of 547 students. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed 4 factors, named Satisfaction, Comfort, Activity and Teacher. Second order PCA showed that these factors are a part of a single construct, general attitude toward PE. Based on the results of the first study, the final version of the PEAS is constructed, consisting of the 43 items. In the second study, on a new sample of 659 students, construct validity of the PEAS is confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis. PEAS has good psychometric properties. External validity of the scale is demonstrated through relations with relevant variables.
Nimistöntutkijan uusi kirja
Authors: Hämäläinen Lasse , Raunamaa Jaakko , Syrjälä Väinö
Published: June 2017

Arvioitu teos:

Carole Hough (toim.): The Oxford handbook of names and naming. Oxford: Oxford University Press 2016. 771 s. isbn 978-0-19-965643-1.
Suunvuoro
Authors: Lappalainen Hanna
Published: June 2017

Suomen juhlavuosi näkyy kaikkialla eikä syyttä. Se oli luontevasti nostettu myös touko­kuussa pidettyjen Kielitieteen päivien teemaksi. Vaikka joka ikinen esitys ei teemaan suoraan liittynytkään, suuressa osassa työpajoista ja yksittäisistä esitelmistä luotiin katseita kielentutkimuksen historiaan tai tulevaisuuteen – osassa molempiin. Tarkastelun kohteena olivat esimerkiksi nimistöntutkimus, Suomen kielitilanteessa tapahtuneet muutokset, diskurssintutkimus, kielitaidon arviointi sekä variaationtutkimuksen kirjo. Tarjolla oli sekä tuokiokuvia tietystä historian vaiheesta, kuten kielitieteen popularisoinnista 1900-luvun alkupuolella, että historian pitkistä kaarista, joita valotettiin esimerkiksi plenaariesitelmissä. Erika Sandmanin esitelmä muistutti sitä, miten paljon velkaa nykyinen kenttälingvistiikka on jo yli sata vuotta sitten Siperiassa matkanneille suomalaisille fennougristeille. Heikki Paunonen puolestaan havainnollisti sadassa vuodessa tapahtuneita kielenkäytön muutoksia vertailemalla Helsingin puhekieltä vuosina 1917 ja 2017.

Tässä numerossa lähdetään liikkeelle historian hämäristä – paljon kauempaa kuin sadan vuoden takaa. Harri Mantila ja Matti Leiviskä tarjoavat fennistiikkaa ja arkeologiaa yhdistävässä artikkelissaan uudenlaisen selityksen eteläpohjalaismurteiden omalaatuisille piirteille. Historia on mukana myös Krista Ojutkankaan artikkelissa, jossa kirjoittaja tarkastelee sitä, millaisissa konstruktioissa mukana ja mukaan esiintyvät ja miten niiden käyttötavat ovat muuttuneet. Salla Kurhila ja Niina Lilja puolestaan tarkastelevat nykykieltä ja pureutuvat yhteen korjausaloitetyyppiin, toistoon. Artikkeli on luontevaa jatkoa viime vuonna Virittäjässä ilmestyneelle tutkimukselle, jossa tarkastellaan kootusti erilaisia arkikeskustelujen korjausaloitteita (ks. Haakana, Kurhila, Lilja & Savijärvi Virittäjä 2/2016).

Artikkelien lisäksi lehdestä löytyy esittely alkusanakielestä, Kotikielen Seuran viime vuoden kuulumiset, kirja-arvioita ja väitöslektioita. Julkaisemme jälleen myös Virittäjän viimevuotisen kirjoituskilpailun satoa: Suvi Vierulan teksti kaa-partikkelin kieliopillistumisesta sijoittui siinä jaetulle ensimmäiselle sijalle. Toivottavasti havaintokirjoitus innostaa uutta opiskelijasukupolvea osallistumaan tämänvuotiseen kilpailuumme. Tarkempia ohjeita löytyy Virittäjän verkkosivuilta.

Virittäjän lukija on saattanut pohtia, juhlistaako lehti jollain erityisellä tavalla Suomen merkkivuotta. Varsinaiseen erikoisnumeroon ei kuitenkaan ole tarvetta, sillä jokainen Virittäjä on juhlanumero. Se, että kielitieteellistä tutkimusta tehdään suomesta ja sitä julkaistaan suomeksi, on yksi hienoimmista tavoista onnitella satavuotiasta Suomea. Siitä, että kyseessä on kaikkea muuta kuin itsestäänselvyys, antaa hyvän muistutuksen Miikul Pahomovin lyydin asemaa käsittelevä väitöslektio, joka julkaistaan verkkolehdessä.

Hanna Lappalainen
FEATURES OF INTERORGAN DISTRIBUTION OF MINERALS IN STARRED STURGEON GROWN UP IN ARTIFICIAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Shaboyants Nataliya Georgievna
Published: June 2017

The purpose of research is to study specific features of interorgan distribution of minerals in starred sturgeon Acipenser stellatus Pallas, 1771, grown up in artificial conditions in the fish ponds of the Kizan sturgeon hatchery (the Astrakhan region). The article touches upon distribution of zinc, lead, manganese, ferrum, cobalt and copper in the spleen, gonads and liver both male and female starred sturgeon species. 256 samples of starred sturgeon sire tissues obtained in the fall period 2011-2012 served as a material. Mineral content in samples was determined by the atomic-absorbing spectroscopy method. It has been stated that maximum quantity of each mineral studied, regardless of gender, is concentrated in gonads and liver. Evidently, the concentration of minerals and their accumulation in fish organisms are influenced by biochemical composition of water, ground and other potential and existent sources of microelements, as well as spawning reorganization. In the process of spawning reorganization there can be observed not only changes in accumulating minerals in the system ‘environment-organism’, but vigorous redistribution of minerals, accumulated previously, between different organs and tissues. The article gives series if the organs studied, sorted according to a decreasing level of mineral concentration. The results obtained have been compared to the results of other researches. The author highlighted the need to investigate in depths environmental conditions of the sturgeon habitats (natural and artificial) and approximation of artificial conditions to the natural biogeochemical level.
STRUCTURE OF FISH POPULATION OF THE BAIDARATAYAHA RIVER'S BASIN
Authors: Bogdanov Vladimir Dmitrievich , Bogdanova Elena Nikolaevna , Kizhevatov Yan Albertovich , Melnichenko Irina Pavlovna
Published: June 2017

The data of studies of fish populations in the basin of the Baidaratayakha river, received in 1998, 2002, 2013, 2014 are summarized for the first time. 18 species of fish are noted. Most of them belong to commercial and valuable species. The greatest species diversity is characteristic of the lower reaches of the river. In deep lakes and sections of the river near these lakes the density of fishes is higher. Scantiness of the fish population of river sites is due to the fact that most of the riverbeds in winter freeze. For this reason, there is no common minnow in the rivers. In most of the tundra non-riverine lakes that dominate among the waterbodies of the basin, there are no fish due to their shallow water and freezing. Some lakes of the lower reaches of the Baidaratayakha river are inhabited by fish only in summer (Asian smelt for breeding and whitefish for feeding). In some lakes, residential groupings (whitefish and pike) are formed. The estuary is used for feeding of whitefish from the Yuribey river and migrants from various regions of the Kara Sea (Arctic char, pink salmon, omul). The omul remains for the wintering in the estuary, most of the other whitefish return to the Yuribey river. The number of populations of residential forms of fish in most lakes is low due to low fish productivity and poaching. To preserve the resources of valuable fish species, it is proposed to include into the existing reserve Gornohadatinsky section of the upper and middle course of the Baidaratayakha river, where there are lakes that provide a reserve of grayling, and spawning grounds for the reproduction of arctic char and pink salmon.
IMPACT ANALYSIS OF THE CAPABILITY ON STRATEGY VIA OTHELLO GAME
Authors: Novaryan Jeremy Albert , Ch. T. Brenda
Published: June 2017

Othello is a game that is already antiquated, but the game is still played by many people. Othello game is played by 2 people. If you want to win over the opponent, you must have a good strategy so that all the pieces on the board into the color of the chip.Each player would continue to seek a new strategy to make the pieces multiply. Under these conditions, will result in job terstimulasinya brain to strategize. This of course has an impact on the development of creativity in the organization's strategy.This study was conducted to prove that the game Othello is able to train its player in developing strategies. The results showed that in the Othello game, players are able to train level strategy if he plays continuously. Automatically, playing the game of Othello can stimulate the brain so as to improve the ability to strategize.Keyword Strategic,thinking, critical thinking, tactic
Strategy to Avoid Negative Perception on Game
Authors: Putra Yedija Prima , Prasetya Hendra
Published: June 2017

In the beginning, games are made to provide entertainment. But, with the interesting entertainment, some game developers use that just for their own benefit. Moreover, many of them including elements of violence and pornography on their games. That is just only to make more profit for them. Thats why some parents are anxious and have a bad view of games. But, not all of the games have elements of violence and pornography. Some of developers make game which is including educational value. "Crazy Machines 2" is one of many games which has educational value. This is one of the ways to Avoid Negative Perception on Game. Key Word : game, creativity, strategy, avoid negative perception
Customer and Developers Point of Views to Game Cloning
Authors: Susanto Ryan
Published: June 2017

Game Cloning is an action of cloning games. This non-ethical action reaps many controversial matters from game customer and developer in game industry. As a result, this action is considered a wrongdoing. However, but not all cases of game cloning are wrong. Many recent games have been rooted from game cloning. In case of game cloning, game developers do not commit something illegal or immoral since they revamp and complement the games they imitate