bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cosmetics and health: usage, perceptions and awareness
Authors: Tejal P , Nishan D , Amisha J , Umesh G , Desai KT , Bansal RK
Published: October 2013

Objectives: Cosmetics are a multi-billion dollar industry today. The present study was designed with an objective to know the extent, purpose, type and awareness for cosmetic in people's daily life in Surat city. Materials & Methods: The study was conducted among 500 randomly selected people from the Surat city through convenience sampling. All the participants were interviewed personally, using structured questionnaire. The whole study was conducted from December, to March, 2008. Results; Around 73% of the population used cosmetics for protection purpose, while only 37% used it for attraction and 19% for fashion. Only 31% checked whether cosmetic they used were tested on animals or not. 89% of the people are concerned about the brands of the cosmetic and advertisement is an important source in the selection of the cosmetics. People still prefer ayurvedic products which comprise of 44% of the total population. Only 9% of the people use the expired products suggesting that people are aware that expired products cannot be used. 77% of the people are aware about the side effects of the cosmetics. Conclusion: Overall prevalence of cosmetic product use is increasing among both males and females. Though, associated increase in awareness regarding safe use of the same was not present widely. The use of other cosmetic services like skin specialist visits, contact lenses usage is also increasing slowly. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i4.13330 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 04 October 13 Page 392-397
Left pulmonary artery agenesis with pulmonary hypoplasia in an elderly patient: a rare case report
Authors: Santra A , Padhi R , Dutta P , Manjhi R , Pothal S , Panda B
Published: October 2013

Proximal interruption of the unilateral pulmonary artery is a rare congenital anomaly, which is often associated with other cardiovascular abnormalities. It is usually diagnosed in children but rarely discovered in adulthood as an isolated phenomenon, occurring more frequently on the right side and is often associated with a contralateral aortic arch. We are presenting a rare case of a sixty year old male who was diagnosed with left lung hypoplasia due to proximal interruption of left pulmonary artery with left sided aortic arch without any associated cardiovascular anomalies. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i4.13689 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 04 October 13 Page 462-466
The Permissibility of Rotavirus Vaccines - A Personal Perspective
Authors: Nordin MM
Published: October 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i4.16657 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 04 October 13 Page 344-345
Pattern of hypothyroid cases in Bangladeshi People: A pilot study
Authors: Islam S , Hassan Z , Pathan F
Published: October 2013

Aims: The present study was undertaken to explore the pathological basis of hypothyroidism and it relationship to clino-biochemical features of Bangladeshi patients. Material and Methods: A total number of 47 hypothyroid patients with duration less than two years and had no other comorbid disease were consecutively recruited from BIRDEM Out-patient department. Patients having serum FT4 level <9.14 pmol/L and serum TSH >5.01 IU/ml were identified as hypothyroidism. Presence of either anti TG antibody >40 IU/ml or anti TPO antibody > 35 IU/ml or both were defined as autoimmune hypothyroidism. Thyroid gland was examined and classified according to joint criteria of WHO, UNICEF and ICCIDD criteria. Results: Female preponderance was observed in this series though small total number of samples. Familial hypothyroidism was reported in 19% of cases and 8% of patients came from iodine deficient area. Out of 47 cases autoimmune markers were done in 40 and of them 32 (68%) were positive for autoantibodies. Of the positive case 22% were positive for anti TPO antibody and 6% for anti TG antibody; 72% cases both. Drug and radiation were excluded as the cause of hypothyroidism in this series. Family history of hypothyroidism was positive in 22% and 25% autoimmune and non-autoimmune study cases. Of the autoimmune case 44% had age between 30-44 years and among non-autoimmune case 37% were 15-30 years. Eleven of 32 (34%) autoimmune hypothyroid cases presented with irregular menstrual cycle. Out of 47 hypothyroid patients in this study, 36 (77%) had palpable or enlarged thyroid gland. Of the 40 cases autoimmune status evaluated palpable among 25 (78%) autoimmune and 6 (75%) non-autoimmune hypothyroid patients. Conclusions: It is concluded that higher proportion of hypothyroid cases are of antoantibody positive. These subjects have heterogeneous phenotypic presentation. This necessitates that all newly detected hypothyroidism should be screened for autoimmune status with the same importance as given for thyroid hormone level and managed accordingly. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i4.16660 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 04 October 13 Page 405-412
Bone in intestinal polyp-a curious observation
Authors: Bhawna JB , Datta S , Mukherjee S , Banerjee U
Published: October 2013

We report rare phenomena of ossification in benign colon polyp. An adult woman presented with occasional bleeding per rectum for which she was investigated. A polypoid rectal swelling was detected and histolopathology revealed an inflammatory polyp with osteoid formation. The case is presented for its rarity and available literature is reviewed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i4.16669 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 04 October 13 Page 453-455
Patient with Pneumomediastinum and Air in the Spine
Authors: Amidi F , Tafti SF , Talischi F , Kahkouee S , Cheraghvandi A , Montazeri P
Published: October 2013

Air in the epidural space of the spine in most cases is found in association with air in other body locations including pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, pneumopercardium and subcutaneous emphysema. Most spontaneous cases resolve on their own. Here we present a 3 year old boy with pneumomediastinum and pneumorrhachis that resolved with supportive care. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i4.16670 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 04 October 13 Page 456-458
LC-PUFA-Enriched Oil Production by Microalgae: Accumulation of Lipid and Triacylglycerols Containing n-3 LC-PUFA Is Triggered by Nitrogen Limitation and Inorganic Carbon Availability in the Marine Haptophyte Pavlova lutheri
Authors: Guihéneuf Freddy , Stengel Dagmar
Published: October 2013

In most microalgal species, triacyglycerols (TAG) contain mostly saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, rather than PUFA, while PUFA-enriched oil is the form most desirable for dietary intake. The ability of some species to produce LC-PUFA-enriched oil is currently of specific interest. In this work, we investigated the role of sodium bicarbonate availability on lipid accumulation and n-3 LC-PUFA partitioning into TAG during batch cultivation of Pavlova lutheri. Maximum growth and nitrate uptake exhibit an optimum concentration and threshold tolerance to bicarbonate addition (~9 mM) above which both parameters decreased. Nonetheless, the transient highest cellular lipid and TAG contents were obtained at 18 mM bicarbonate, immediately after combined alkaline pH stress and nitrate depletion (day nine), while oil body and TAG accumulation were highly repressed with low carbon supply (2 mM). Despite decreases in the proportions of EPA and DHA, maximum volumetric and cellular EPA and DHA contents were obtained at this stage due to accumulation of TAG containing EPA/DHA. TAG accounted for 74% of the total fatty acid per cell, containing 55% and 67% of the overall cellular EPA and DHA contents, respectively. These results clearly demonstrate that inorganic carbon availability and elevated pH represent two limiting factors for lipid and TAG accumulation, as well as n-3 LC-PUFA partitioning into TAG, under nutrient-depleted P. lutheri cultures.
Correction: Jerković, I., et al. Composition of Sulla (Hedysarum coronarium L.) Honey Solvent Extractives Determined by GC/MS: Norisoprenoids and Other Volatile Organic Compounds. Molecules 2010, 15, 6375-6385
Authors: Jerković Igor , Tuberoso Carlo , Gugić Mirko , Bubalo Dragan
Published: October 2013

The authors wish to make the following correction to paper [1], doi:10.3390/molecules15096375, website: http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/15/9/6375. The correct name of the second author is: Carlo I. G. Tuberoso. [...]
Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Cropland Conversion in Response to the “Grain for Green Project” in China’s Loess Hilly Region of Yanchuan County
Authors: Wang Jieyong , Liu Yansui , Liu Zhigao
Published: October 2013

To prevent environmental degradation, China’s central government launched the “Grain for Green Project” (GGP) in 1999. Since its beginning, the effects and influences of the GGP have been hotly debated among domestic and international scholars and policymakers. This paper is taking the County of Yanchuan in the Loess Plateau as a case study, examines the spatio-temporal patterns of cropland conversion in response to the GGP. This research is methodologically based on remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS), and also employs personal interviews with local government officials and farmers. The results show that land use/cover patterns in Yanchuan County have changed dramatically after the implementation of GGP. Cropland has decreased remarkably, while orchard land and sparse forest has increased significantly: 23.84% of cropland was converted to orchard, and 22.25% to sparse forest. Simultaneously, the landscape has become more fragmented but also more diversified, forestland has become more dominant. A total of 61.19% of the total converted cropland was on slopes greater than 15 degrees, 64.85% of which was lower-grade land. The converted cropland is mostly located in more accessible areas for convenient management. Partially affected by farmers’ self-willingness, sloping cropland was preferred to orchard (economic forest), and some gentle slope (less than 15 degrees) or higher-grade cropland were involved in the GGP. To maintain and reinforce the achievements of the GGP and further contribute to the GGP’s sustainability and rural development, the paper recommends that the Chinese government should build a continuous compensation mechanism for the households who lost cropland for the GGP while improving the productivity of flat cropland.
What Has 30 Years of HIV Vaccine Research Taught Us?
Authors: Esparza José
Published: October 2013

When HIV was discovered and established as the cause of AIDS in 1983–1984, many people believed that a vaccine would be rapidly developed. However, 30 years have passed and we are still struggling to develop an elusive vaccine. In trying to achieve that goal, different scientific paradigms have been explored. Although major progress has been made in understanding the scientific basis for HIV vaccine development, efficacy trials have been critical in moving the field forward. Major lessons learned are: the development of an HIV vaccine is an extremely difficult challenge; the temptation of just following the fashion should be avoided; clinical trials are critical, especially large-scale efficacy trials; HIV vaccine research will require long-term commitment; and sustainable collaborations are needed to accelerate the development of an HIV vaccine. Concrete actions must be implemented with the sense of urgency imposed by the severity of the AIDS epidemic.
The effect of leaf shape on the thermoregulation and frost tolerance of an annual vine, Ipomoea hederacea (Convolvulaceae)
Authors: Campitelli Brandon E. , Gorton Amanda J. , Ostevik Katherine L. , Stinchcombe John R.
Published: October 2013

• Premise of study: Leaf shape is predicted to have important ecophysiological consequences; for example, theory predicts that lobed leaves should track air temperature more closely than their entire‐margined counterparts. Hence, leaf‐lobing may be advantageous during cold nights (∼0°C) when there is the risk of damage by radiation frost (a phenomenon whereby leaves fall below air temperature because of an imbalance between radiational heat loss and convective heat gain).

• Methods: Here, we test whether radiation frost can lead to differential damage between leaf shapes by examining a leaf‐shape polymorphism in Ipomoea hederacea, where leaves are either lobed or heart‐shaped depending on a single Mendelian locus. We logged leaf temperature during midautumn, and measured chlorophyll fluorescence and survival as proxies of performance. Furthermore, we tested if the leaf‐shape locus confers freezing tolerance using freezing assays on leaf tissue from different leaf shapes.

• Key results: We found that lobed leaves consistently remain warmer than heart‐shaped leaves during the night, but that no pattern emerged during the day, and that temperature differences between leaf shapes were typically small. Furthermore, we found that leaf types did not differ in frost tolerance, but that a 1°C decrease leads to a transition from moderate to complete damage.

• Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that Ipomoea hederacea leaf shapes do experience different nighttime temperatures, and that only minor temperature differences can lead to disparate levels of freezing damage, suggesting that the differential thermoregulation could result in different levels of frost damage.
A facile synthesis of a carbon-encapsulated Fe3O4 nanocomposite and its performance as anode in lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Prakash Raju , Fanselau Katharina , Ren Shuhua , Kumar Mandal Tapan , Kübel Christian , Hahn Horst , Fichtner Maximilian
Published: October 2013

A carbon-encapsulated Fe3O4 nanocomposite was prepared by a simple one-step pyrolysis of iron pentacarbonyl without using any templates, solvents or surfactants. The structure and morphology of the nanocomposite was investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis and Raman spectroscopy. Fe3O4 nanoparticles are dispersed intimately in a carbon framework. The nanocomposite exhibits well constructed core–shell and nanotube structures, with Fe3O4 cores and graphitic shells/tubes. The as-synthesized material could be used directly as anode in a lithium-ion cell and demonstrated a stable capacity, and good cyclic and rate performances.
Gold(I)-catalyzed enantioselective cycloaddition reactions
Authors: López Fernando , Mascareñas José L
Published: October 2013

In recent years there have been extraordinary developments of gold(I)-catalyzed enantioselective processes. This includes progress in the area of cycloaddition reactions, which are of particular interest due to their potential for the rapid construction of optically active cyclic products. In this article we will summarize some of the most remarkable examples, emphasizing reaction mechanisms and key intermediates involved in the processes.
DEVELOPMENT OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR INVESTIGATING MAXIMAL POWER POINT TRACKING ALGORITHMS / MATEMATINIS SAULĖS ENERGIJOS SRAUTO MODELIS DIDŽIAUSIOS GALIOS TAŠKO SAULĖS ELEMENTUOSE SEKIMO ALGORITMAMS TIRTI
Authors: Vasarevičius Dominykas , Pikutis Modestas
Published: October 2013

Solar cells generate maximum power only when the load is optimized according insolation and module temperature. This function is performed by MPPT systems. While developing MPPT, it is useful to create a mathematical model that allows the simulation of different weather conditions affecting solar modules. Solar insolation, cloud cover imitation and solar cell models have been created in Matlab/Simulink environment. Comparing the simulation of solar insolation on a cloudy day with the measurements made using a pyrometer show that the model generates signal changes according to the laws similar to those of a real life signal. The model can generate solar insolation values in real time, which is useful for predicting the amount of electrical energy produced from solar power. The model can operate with the help of using the stored signal, thus a comparison of different MPPT algorithms can be provided.

Santrauka

Saulės elementai didžiausią galią sukuria tik tada, kai apkrova yra parinkta pagal elementą veikiantį saulės energijos srautą ir modulio temperatūrą. Apkrovai parinkti naudojamos didžiausios galios sekimo (DGTS) sistemos. Kintant oro sąlygoms šios sistemos nespėja prisitaikyti prie saulės elemento parametrų. Kuriant ir tiriant DGTS algoritmus tikslinga sudaryti matematinį modelį, imituojantį skirtingomis oro sąlygomis veikiančius saulės elementus. Pateikiami sudaryti saulės energijos srauto (SES), debesų dangos imitavimo ir saulės modulio matematiniai modeliai Matlab/Simulink terpėje. Lyginant modeliuoto debesuotą dieną SES kitimo dėsnius su realiais piranometru pamatuotais rezultatais nustatyta, kad modeliu imituojamas SES atitinka realųjį. Modelyje generuojamos SES vertės realiajame laike yra naudingos prognozuojant saulės jėgainės pagamintos elektros energijos kiekį. Modelyje numatyta galimybė išsaugoti SES signalą, todėl juo galima atlikti tikslų skirtingų DGTS algoritmų veikimo palyginimą. Reikšminiai žodžiai: saulės energija, saulės elementai, didžiausios galios taško sekimas.
Prospective du management des ressources humaines face au comportement des jeunes salariés très qualifiés
Authors: Brillet Franck , Coutelle Patricia , Hulin Annabelle
Published: October 2013

Le marché du travail présente aujourd’hui une situation extrêmement paradoxale : d’un côté un taux de chômage qui reste relativement élevé et, de l’autre côté, des offres d’emplois qui ne sont pas pourvues. Parallèlement, le comportement au travail des nouvelles générations évolue et ne se caractérise plus de la même façon. Dans ce contexte, les organisations s’interrogent sur les pratiques et outils RH à mettre en œuvre. Ainsi, la problématique de cette recherche est la suivante : quels sont les devenirs possibles du management des ressources humaines au regard des attentes et des représentations des jeunes salariés très qualifiés ? Pour y répondre, une recherche empirique composée de deux phases a été mise en œuvre : une phase qualitative auprès d’un pôle de compétitivité, fortement pourvoyeurs d’emplois qualifiés, et une phase quantitative auprès de jeunes salariés très qualifiés.
Gouvernance d'entreprise et responsabilité sociale au Maroc : l'évolution de l'OCP
Authors: Boyer André , Scotto Marie-José
Published: October 2013

L’article propose d’analyser la démarche de Responsabilité Sociale d’une grande entreprise marocaine, l’OCP (Office Chérifien des Phosphates). Dans une première partie, nous rappellerons quelques définitions du concept de RSE dans une perspective systémique et préciserons le contexte marocain afin de déterminer les leviers qui expliquent l’appropriation et la mise en œuvre de démarches RSE au sein des entreprises marocaines. La seconde partie de notre travail sera consacrée à l’analyse de l’évolution de l’OCP dans une économie marocaine en mutation. Notre recherche s’attache à montrer les contraintes auxquelles l’entreprise se trouve confrontée dans son environnement immédiat et international et les réponses qu’elle y apporte et qui sont de nature à modifier sa démarche RSE.
Financer l'hôpital, le professionnel ou le parcours du patient ?
Authors: Couty Édouard
Published: October 2013

Le mode de financement de notre système de soin s’est construit selon le mode d’exercice du professionnel concerné et non selon le malade pris en charge. Cette dépendance du mode de financement va marquer profondément toutes les réformes du financement des secteurs hospitaliers public et privé jusqu’à la mise en place de la tarification à l’activité (T2A). Le modèle T2A adopté en France a cependant montré des limites, pointées par les utilisateurs eux-mêmes. Après une analyse critique des différents modes de financement de l’hôpital, l’article pose trois interrogations – doit-on maintenir un lien étroit entre description de l’activité médicale et tarif ? doit-on conserver un modèle unique de tarification ? doit-on, dans le cadre d’une médecine de parcours, maintenir une stricte séparation entre financement de la médecine ambulatoire et financement de l’hôpital ? – et propose quelques pistes de réflexion pour contribuer aux évolutions nécessaires.
La mutation des modes de paiement des professionnels en soins primaires au Canada et en France
Authors: Bourgueil Yann
Published: October 2013

Dans ce papier, nous faisons état des évolutions en cours dans les modes de rémunération dans le domaine des soins primaires en comparant le Canada et la France, deux pays qui présentent des systèmes de santé proches et qui s’influencent depuis de nombreuses années. La description des modes innovants de paiement des médecins, leurs processus d’implantation, les résistances auxquelles ils font face et les résultats obtenus permettent de mettre en évidence les orientations communes des politiques menées dans les deux pays et de souligner la nécessaire continuité et globalité de ces politiques pour impacter durablement l’organisation des soins.
The Effect of New Environments on Children’s Language Ability
Authors: Thomas Ursula
Published: October 2013

Change is the only constant. This is the mantra for immigrant children and those who serve them. Schools and communities are employing various approaches to addressing the needs of these children and their families. In many schools, there are several levels of English proficiency. Students who are in the initial level have the lowest level of English proficiency, while those at the terminal level have the highest level. State reading standards are unique for each of these levels. ELL classrooms are often challenging places to teach and learn because students in them come from an assortment of different backgrounds and have many different proficiency levels. Because of this, many learners need individualized or differentiated instruction. This chapter explores how an early intervention language specialist addresses the needs of immigrant learners at a Title I kindergarten class as recorded in an instructional journal.
Supporting Emergent Bilinguals through Linguistically Appropriate Instruction
Authors: Gallagher Colleen
Published: October 2013

Being able to use linguistically appropriate instruction is an important area of competence for teachers of young emergent bilinguals. This chapter synthesizes theory and research that is key background knowledge for making linguistically informed instructional decisions: information on proficiency levels, on second language acquisition (SLA), and on classroom language demands. From this foundation, the chapter proposes four functions of linguistically appropriate instructional strategies: (1) getting emergent bilinguals involved in classroom routines and providing ample opportunities for interaction; (2) drawing on emergent bilinguals’ existing language and literacy competencies; (3) promoting grade-level vocabulary learning; and (4) scaffolding listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Finally, this chapter offers some specific suggestions of activities or instructional strategies that fulfill each of these functions along with additional resources that may be helpful.
Living on the Fringe
Authors: Cowdery Joy
Published: October 2013

As rural Appalachian schools in Ohio struggle to overcome institutional bias and lack of understanding to accommodate the needs of the growing population of immigrant students from diverse countries immigrant parents struggle to fit into a new cultural environment and to secure the best education for their children. This qualitative study of twenty-nine southern Ohio counties examines the barriers and opportunities that each face and suggests ways of closing the educational, language, and cultural gap.
Students on the Rise
Authors: Bishop Elizabeth
Published: October 2013

This chapter discusses the recent findings of the Drop Knowledge Project in New York City (DKPNYC). The DKPNYC is a cultural studies research project designed to excavate the discourses of urban youth activism and organizing in relation to critical literacy learning. In this chapter, the authors look at the work of the DKPNYC youth activists around issues related to immigrant rights and educational justice in out-of-school spaces. Amongst the interconnected issues surrounding this work, the youth participants in the DKPNYC all organize around issues related to the struggle of undocumented youth to access quality education in the United States. Data collected from the study is decidedly cross-cultural, with participants articulating visions of themselves and their future in relation to their cultural heritage and their inter-subjective ethical learning. Implications from the study provide insight to educators, researchers, and community-based organizations about educating immigrant youth and others on pressing issues around immigrant learning.
Data Mining
Authors: Atzmueller Martin
Published: October 2013

Data Mining provides approaches for the identification and discovery of non-trivial patterns and models hidden in large collections of data. In the applied natural language processing domain, data mining usually requires preprocessed data that has been extracted from textual documents. Additionally, this data is often integrated with other data sources. This chapter provides an overview on data mining focusing on approaches for pattern mining, cluster analysis, and predictive model construction. For those, we discuss exemplary techniques that are especially useful in the applied natural language processing context. Additionally, we describe how the presented data mining approaches are connected to text mining, text classification, and clustering, and discuss interesting problems and future research directions.
Practical Programming for NLP
Authors: Jeuniaux Patrick , Olney Andrew , D’Mello Sidney
Published: October 2013

This chapter is aimed at students and researchers who are eager to learn about practical programmatic solutions to natural language processing (NLP) problems. In addition to introducing the readers to programming basics, programming tools, and complete programs, we also hope to pique their interest to actively explore the broad and fascinating field of automatic natural language processing. Part I introduces programming basics and the Python programming language. Part II takes a step by step approach in illustrating the development of a program to solve a NLP problem. Part III provides some hints to help readers initiate their own NLP programming projects.
LSA in the Classroom
Authors: Kintsch Walter , Kintsch Eileen
Published: October 2013

LSA is a machine learning method that constructs a map of meaning that permits one to calculate the semantic similarity between words and texts. We describe an educational application of LSA that provides immediate, individualized content feedback to middle school students writing summaries.
Interlanguage Talk
Authors: Crossley Scott A. , McNamara Danielle S.
Published: October 2013

This study investigates the production of and exposure to lexical features when non-native speakers (NNS) converse with each other (NNS-NNS) engaging in interlanguage talk, as compared to when they engage in naturalistic speech with a native speaker (NS). The authors focus on lexical features that are associated with breadth of lexical knowledge including lexical diversity and lexical frequency. Spoken corpora from three types of dyads (NS-NNS, NNS-NS, NNS-NNS) are analyzed using the computational tool, Coh-Metrix. The results indicate that NNSs produce language with significantly greater lexical diversity and higher word frequency (i.e., more common words) when speaking to another NNS than when speaking to a NS. Hence, there is greater breadth of lexical knowledge apparent within interlanguage dyads (i.e., NNS-NNS) than within NNS-NS dyads in the variety of words produced, but not the frequency of the words. There were no significant differences in NNS exposure to breadth of lexical knowledge features as a function of whether the speaker was a NS or NNS. Hence, NNSs were exposed to similar levels of lexically comprehensible input regardless of interlocutor. These findings have important implications for the developmental role of interlanguage talk in reference to lexical production and exposure.
Spatiotemporal characterization of dissolved carbon for inland waters in semi-humid/semi-arid region, China
Authors: Song K. S. , Zang S. Y. , Zhao Y. , Li L. , Du J. , Zhang N. N. , Wang X. D. , Shao T. T. , Guan Y. , Liu L.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. Spatiotemporal variations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and inorganic carbon (DIC) in 26 waters across the semi-humid/semi-arid Songnen Plain, China, were examined with data collected during 2008–2011. Fresh (n = 14) and brackish (n = 12) waters were grouped according to electrical conductivity (threshold = 1000 μS cm−1) Significant differences in the average DOC and DIC concentrations were observed between the fresh (5.63 mg L−1, 37.39 mg L−1) and the brackish waters (15.33 mg L−1, 142.93 mg L−1). Colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and DOC concentrations were mainly controlled by climatic–hydrologic conditions. The investigation indicated that the outflow conditions in the semi-arid region had condensed effects on the dissolved carbon, resulting in close relationships between salinity vs. DOC (R2 = 0.66), and salinity vs. DIC (R2 = 0.94). An independent data set collected in May 2012 also confirmed this finding (DOC: R2 = 0.79, DIC: R2 = 0.91), highlighting the potential of quantifying DOC and DIC via salinity measurements for waters dispersed in the plain. Indices based on the CDOM absorption spectra (e.g., the DOC-specific CDOM absorption (SUVA254), absorption ratio a250 : a365 (E250 : E365) and the spectral slope ratio (Sr, S275−295/S350−400) were applied to characterize CDOM composition and quality. Our results indicate that high molecular weight CDOM fractions are more abundant in the fresh waters than the brackish waters.
The role of subpolar deep water formation and Nordic Seas overflows in simulated multidecadal variability of the Atlantic overturning
Authors: Lohmann K. , Jungclaus J. H. , Matei D. , Mignot J. , Menary M. , Langehaug H. R. , Ba J. , Gao Y. , Otterå O. H. , Park W. , Lorenz S.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. We investigate the respective role of variations in subpolar deep water formation and Nordic Seas overflows for the decadal to multidecadal variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). This is done by analysing long (order of 1000 yr) control simulations with five coupled climate models as well as sensitivity experiments performed with one of the models, in which we suppress the variability of either subpolar deep water formation or Nordic Seas overflows. For all models, the maximum influence of variations in subpolar deep water formation is found at about 45° N, while the maximum influence of variations in Nordic Seas overflows is rather found at 55° N to 60° N. Regarding the two overflow branches, the influence of variations in the Denmark Strait overflow is, for all models, substantially larger than that of variations in the overflow across the Iceland–Scotland–Ridge. The influence of variations in subpolar deep water formation is, on multi-model average, larger than that of variations in the Denmark Strait overflow. This is true both at 45° N, where the maximum standard deviation of decadal to multidecadal AMOC variability is located for all but one model, and at the more classical latitude of 30° N. At 30° N, variations in subpolar deep water formation and Denmark Strait overflow explain, on multi-model average, about half and one third respectively of the decadal to multidecadal AMOC variance.
Comunicación de una experiencia clínica con autodaño desde el enfoque estratégico de terapia breve
Authors: Calderón P. Carolina
Published: October 2013

El objetivo de este artículo es dar cuenta de un proceso terapéutico de enfoque estratégico empleado en un caso único de Self Injury Behavior. Las estrategias centrales de la intervención fueron la reformulación y prescripción de comportamiento, encontrando, en el enfoque estratégico, una alternativa para el tratamiento de esta clase de síntomas considerados de difícil tratamiento.
Indicadores gráficos de la prueba del Dibujo de la Figura Humana en adolescentes hombres y mujeres de 12 a 16 años víctimas de agresiones sexuales
Authors: Opazo Baeza Virginia , Rivera Toledo Javiera
Published: October 2013

El presente estudio tiene por objetivo determinar la existencia de indicadores gráficos diferenciales en la prueba del Dibujo de la Figura Humana (DFH), entre adolescentes de 12 a 16 años, de ambos sexos, que hayan sufrido una agresión sexual crónica intrafamiliar o por parte de un conocido extrafamiliar, de aquellos en que no se sospeche dicha agresión. Para ello se evaluaron 130 indicadores gráficos, de los cuales 17 resultaron significativos considerando la variable "agresión sexual". De éstos, 3 se presentan con mayor frecuencia en el grupo agredido sexualmente, y los 14 indicadores restantes se presentan con mayor frecuencia en el grupo control. Además, se observaron respuestas diferenciales considerando la variable sexo en cada grupo de estudio.
Militantismo sindical en Chile. Subjetivación, estrategia y socialización en trayectorias individuales
Authors: Gutiérrez Crocco Francisca
Published: October 2013

El artículo presenta una discusión teórica sobre la manera de concebir las trayectorias de los dirigentes sindicales. La sociología ha ayudado a oponer tres figuras: el militante de estructura, el militanteprofesional y el militante iluminado. Cada una se caracteriza por intentar explicar el comportamiento de los dirigentes según una sola lógica: la primera, según la lógica de socialización; la segunda, según la lógicaestratégica; la tercera, según la lógica de subjetivación. Siguiendo la línea de varios autores contemporáneos, se plantea la necesidad de integrar estos tres modelos. Para ello se propone un modelo centrado en la nociónde acontecimiento como detonador de un proceso de subjetivación, y la noción de espacio como conjunto de posibles combinaciones de estrategias y determinaciones sociales.
The role of fibrinogen in trauma-induced coagulopathy
Authors: Schlimp C. J. , Schöchl H.
Published: October 2013

Fibrinogen plays an essential role in clot formation and stability. Importantly it seems to be the most vulnerable coagulation factor, reaching critical levels earlier than the others during the course of severe injury. A variety of causes of fibrinogen depletion in major trauma have been identified, such as blood loss, dilution, consumption, hyperfibrinolysis, hypothermia and acidosis. Low concentrations of fibrinogen are associated with an increased risk of diffuse microvascular bleeding. Therefore, repeated measurements of plasma fibrinogen concentration are strongly recommended in trauma patients with major bleeding. Recent guidelines recommend maintaining plasma fibrinogen concentration at 1.5–2 g/l in coagulopathic patients. It has been shown that early fibrinogen substitution is associated with improved outcome.
Histologic and Immunohistochemical Analyses of Endometrial Carcinomas: Experiences From Endometrial Biopsies in 358 Consultation Cases
Authors: Wei Jian-Jun , Paintal Ajit , Keh Pacita
Published: October 2013

Context.—Uterine serous carcinoma is biologically more aggressive than the endometrioid carcinoma. Because uterine serous carcinoma has a high propensity for lymphovascular invasion and intraperitoneal and extra-abdominal spread, accurate diagnosis of this tumor type in endometrial biopsies/curettings is critical for appropriate clinical management.

Objective.—To share our experience in the evaluation of endometrial biopsy specimens in type I and type II endometrial adenocarcinoma.

Design.—We retrospectively reviewed 358 biopsies containing endometrial carcinoma during a recent 3 year period of our consultation records. In cases in which our interpretation differed from the submitting diagnosis, a panel of immunostains was performed. The performance characteristics of each antibody in our panel was calculated in this group of challenging cases.

Results.—Among the endometrial carcinomas we examined, a diagnosis of type I carcinoma accounted for 91% of cases (327 of 358) and type II carcinoma for 9% of cases (31 of 358); 41 cases (11.5%) were ambiguous or discordant (differing from submitted diagnoses and reviewed) based on histology alone. All 41 ambiguous and discordant cases were further evaluated with a battery of immunohistochemical markers. Of the 41 cases, 36 (88%) were ultimately classified (10 cases [24%] were endometrioid carcinoma; 18 cases [44%] were uterine serous carcinoma; 8 cases [20%] resulted in various other outcomes) and 5 cases (12%) remained indeterminate.

Conclusions.—Making the distinction between type I and II endometrial carcinoma remains a common problem in general practice. Although no one biomarker provides excellent statistical performance, a panel of immunohistochemical markers is often useful in difficult cases.
Primary Clear Cell Sarcoma of the Tongue
Authors: Kraft Stefan , Antonescu Cristina R. , Rosenberg Andrew E , Deschler Daniel G. , Nielsen G. Petur
Published: October 2013

Clear cell sarcoma shares features with melanoma, but frequently shows EWSR1 rearrangements. It is an aggressive tumor typically occurring in the soft tissues of the extremities, with a gastrointestinal variant with less consistent melanocytic differentiation. It is extremely rare in the head and neck region, with no reported cases in the oral cavity. We report a case of an 82-year-old woman with a clear cell sarcoma arising in the tongue, with cervical lymph node metastases. Histologically, the tumor showed some features of gastrointestinal clear cell sarcoma. No osteoclast-type giant cells were present. The tumor cells were positive for S100 protein and negative for other melanocytic markers. Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed rearrangements of EWSR1 and ATF1. This case expands the spectrum of clear cell sarcoma with a gastrointestinal-like variant in a novel site, emphasizing the need to consider it as a differential diagnosis to melanoma in mucosal sites.
Reference Intervals of Reticulated Platelets and Other Platelet Parameters and Their Associations
Authors: Hoffmann Johannes J. M. L. , van den Broek Nicole M. A. , Curvers Joyce
Published: October 2013

Context.—Reticulated platelets are platelets recently released from the bone marrow, and they can serve as a noninvasive indicator of recent megakaryopoietic activity. Widespread clinical use has been hampered by laborious methods and lack of standardization. Recently, a fully automated method was released on the Abbott CELL-DYN Sapphire hematology analyzer.

Objective.—To establish reference ranges for reticulated platelets. Secondary aims were to investigate associations between reticulated platelets and other platelet parameters like mean platelet volume, plateletcrit, and platelet distribution width.

Design.—Reticulated platelets and other platelet parameters were measured in an unselected cohort of 8089 subjects visiting a primary health care laboratory. The reticulated platelet data were analyzed using the Bhattacharya technique. In addition, a nonparametric method was used in selected subjects with normal platelet counts for providing reference ranges.

Results.—Reticulated platelets ranged from 0.4% to 6.0% or from 1 to 18 × 103/μL. Reticulated platelets increased significantly with the subjects' age. Statistically, males had slightly higher values than females, but the differences were negligible. Reticulated platelets were positively correlated with platelet count and negatively with mean platelet volume.

Conclusions.—Reference ranges have been established for reticulated platelets as measured on the CELL-DYN Sapphire hematology analyzer. There were no relevant differences between the sexes, but there was a clear effect of age. An individual's reticulated platelets are associated with the platelet count as well as mean platelet volume.
Sharing Beans with Friends
Authors: Bell Clare V.
Published: October 2013

First graders in an urban public school actively engage with math by using the storyBean Thirteenas a context for developing number sense.
Adjusting thresholds of satellite‐based convective initiation interest fields based on the cloud environment
Authors: Jewett Christopher P. , Mecikalski John R.
Published: October 2013

The Time‐Space Exchangeability (TSE) concept states that similar characteristics of a given property are closely related statistically for objects or features within close proximity. In this exercise, the objects considered are growing cumulus clouds, and the data sets to be considered in a statistical sense are geostationary satellite infrared (IR) fields that help describe cloud growth rates, cloud top heights, and whether cloud tops contain significant amounts of frozen hydrometeors. In this exercise, the TSE concept is applied to alter otherwise static thresholds of IR fields of interest used within a satellite‐based convective initiation (CI) nowcasting algorithm. The convective environment in which the clouds develop dictate growth rate and precipitation processes, and cumuli growing within similar mesoscale environments should have similar growth characteristics. Using environmental information provided by regional statistics of the interest fields, the thresholds are examined for adjustment toward improving the accuracy of 0–1 h CI nowcasts. Growing cumulus clouds are observed within a CI algorithm through IR fields for many 1000 s of cumulus cloud objects, from which statistics are generated on mesoscales. Initial results show a reduction in the number of false alarms of ~50%, yet at the cost of eliminating approximately ~20% of the correct CI forecasts. For comparison, static thresholds (i.e., with the same threshold values applied across the entire satellite domain) within the CI algorithm often produce a relatively high probability of detection, with false alarms being a significant problem. In addition to increased algorithm performance, a benefit of using a method like TSE is that a variety of unknown variables that influence cumulus cloud growth can be accounted for without need for explicit near‐cloud observations that can be difficult to obtain.
Matching Face Images Taken on the Same Day or Months Apart: the Limitations of Photo ID
Authors: Megreya Ahmed M. , Sandford Adam , Burton A. Mike
Published: October 2013

It is well‐established that matching images of unfamiliar faces is rather error prone. However, there is an important mismatch between face matching in laboratory and realistic settings. All of the currently available face‐matching databases were designed to establish the baseline level of unfamiliar face perception. Therefore, target and test images for each face identity have been taken on the same day, minimizing within‐face variations. In realistic settings, on the other hand, faces do vary, even day to day. This study examined the proficiency of matching images of unfamiliar faces, which were taken on the same day or months apart. In two experiments, same‐day images were matched substantially more accurately and faster than different‐date photographs using the standard 1‐in‐10 and pairwise face‐matching tasks. This suggests that experimental studies on face matching underestimate its difficulty in real‐world situations. Photographs of unfamiliar faces seem to be unreliable proofs of identity, especially if the ID documents do not use very recent images of the holders. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outcome prediction model for severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Iba Jiro , Tasaki Osamu , Hirao Tomohito , Mohri Tomoyoshi , Yoshiya Kazuhisa , Hayakawa Koichi , Shiozaki Tadahiko , Hamasaki Toshimitsu , Nakamori Yasushi , Fujimi Satoshi , Ogura Hiroshi , Kuwagata Yasuyuki , Shimazu Takeshi
Published: October 2013

Aim

Treatment of severe traumatic brain injury is aided by better prediction of outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to develop and validate a prediction model using retrospective analysis of prospectively collected clinical data from two tertiary critical care medical centers in Japan.

Methods

Data were collected from 253 patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of <9. Within 24 h of their admission, 15 factors possibly related to outcome were evaluated. The dataset was randomly split into training and validation datasets using the repeated random subsampling method. A logistic regression model was fitted to the training dataset and predictive accuracy was assessed using the validation data.

Results

The best model included the variables age, pupillary light reflex, extensive subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracranial pressure, and midline shift. The estimated area under the curve for the model development data was 0.957, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.926–0.987, and that for validation data was 0.947, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.909–0.980.

Conclusion

Our predictive model was shown to have high predictive value. It will be useful for review of treatment, family counseling, and efficient allocation of resources for patients with severe traumatic brain injury.
Utilization of sulfur and crumb rubber in asphalt modification
Authors: Anwar Parvez M. , Al‐Mehthel Mohammed , Al‐Abdul Wahhab Hamad I. , Hussein Ibnelwaleed A.
Published: October 2013

In this study, waste crumb rubber and sulfur were utilized to enhance the performance of asphalt binder for pavement applications. About 20–50% of sulfur and 1–6% crumb rubber were used. Melt properties were investigated using thermal analysis, dynamic and steady shear rheology, and artificial aging. Rheological tests were carried out in ARES rheometer. Both steady and dynamic shear rheology showed that crumb rubber improved the viscoelastic properties of the sulfur‐extended asphalt binder. Crumb rubber modification reduced temperature susceptibility of sulfur/asphalt, and increased the upper grading (performance) temperature of sulfur asphalt. The combined effect of sulfur and crumb rubber reduced the activation energy compared with that of pure asphalt. Zero‐shear viscosity and strategic highway research program rutting parameter (G*/sinδ) improved by crumb rubber incorporation into the sulfur asphalt binder. Short‐term aging improved G*/sinδ with slight increase in activation energy. The addition of sulfur to asphalt matrix increased the viscoelastic properties (G′ and G″) of sulfur asphalt. The addition of crumb rubber to sulfur asphalt enhanced the temperature resistance of the binder. Utilization of waste crumb rubber and sulfur in asphalt modification proved to enhance asphalt pavement life. In addition, utilization of such wastes can help in meeting the extra demand for asphalt, reduce the pavement cost, and help in solving a waste disposal problem. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40046.
A Bioelectrochemically‐Assisted Membrane Bioreactor for Simultaneous Wastewater Treatment and Energy Production
Authors: Wang Z. , Huang J. , Zhu C. , Ma J. , Wu Z.
Published: October 2013

A bioelectrochemically‐assisted membrane bioreactor (BEAMBR), integrating a microbial fuel cell with a membrane bioreactor, was developed for energy recovery and efficient wastewater treatment. The stainless‐steel membrane module with biofilm, served not only as dynamic membrane separation device but also as biocathode. The effluent turbidity reached 0.8 NTU after stable operation, and particle with average size larger than 1.14 μm were effectively rejected from the mixed liquor by the dynamic membrane. The BEAMBR successfully removed the chemical oxygen demand and ammonium. With increasing hydraulic retention time and decreasing volumetric organic loading rate, the power production in this reactor was enhanced. The results showed that the BEAMBR is a promising process for efficient energy recovery and wastewater treatment.