bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of Mild Iodine Insufficiency during Pregnancy with Child Neurodevelopment in Patients with Subclinical Hypothyroidism or Hypothyroxinemia
Authors: Casey Brian M. , Mele Lisa , Peaceman Alan M. , Varner Michael W. , Reddy Uma M. , Wapner Ronald J. , Thorp John M. , Saade George R. , Tita Alan T.N. , Rouse Dwight J. , Sibai Baha M. , Costantine Maged M. , Mercer Brian M. , Caritis Steve N. ,   for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network, Bethesda, MD
Published: January 2024

Objective Our objective was to evaluate whether iodine status in pregnant patients with either subclinical hypothyroidism or hypothyroxinemia in the first half of pregnancy is associated with measures of behavior and neurodevelopment in children through the age of 5 years.

Study Design This is a secondary analysis of a multicenter study consisting of two randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled treatment trials conducted in parallel. Patients with a singleton gestation before 20 weeks' gestation underwent thyroid screening using serum thyrotropin and free thyroxine. Participants with subclinical hypothyroidism or hypothyroxinemia were randomized to levothyroxine replacement or an identical placebo. At randomization, maternal urine was collected and stored for subsequent urinary iodine excretion analysis. Urinary iodine concentrations greater than 150 μg/L were considered iodine sufficient, and concentrations of 150 μg/L or less were considered iodine insufficient. The primary outcome was a full-scale intelligence quotient (IQ) score at the age of 5 years, the general conceptual ability score from the Differential Ability Scales-II at the age of 3 if IQ was not available, or death before 3 years.

Results A total of 677 pregnant participants with subclinical hypothyroidism and 526 with hypothyroxinemia were randomized. The primary outcome was available in 1,133 (94%) of children. Overall, 684 (60%) of mothers were found to have urinary iodine concentrations >150 μg/L. Children of iodine-sufficient participants with subclinical hypothyroidism had similar primary outcome scores when compared to children of iodine-insufficient participants (95 [84–105] vs. 96 [87–109], P
adj = 0.73). After adjustment, there was also no difference in IQ scores among children of participants with hypothyroxinemia at 5 to 7 years of age (94 [85 – 102] and 91 [81 – 100], Padj 1/4 0.11). Treatment with levothyroxine was not associated with neurodevelopmental or behavioral outcomes regardless of maternal iodine status (p > 0.05).

Conclusion Maternal urinary iodine concentrations ≤150 μg/L were not associated with abnormal cognitive or behavioral outcomes in offspring of participants with either subclinical hypothyroidism or hypothyroxinemia.

Key Points
A Retrospective Analysis of Incidence and Risk Factors for the Development of Secondary Infections Following COVID-19
Authors: Parthasarathy Rama , Rajagopal Jayakumar , Konaka Gautamdas Sandeep , Sarvepalli Tanushree , Govindaraj Ramanaprasanth
Published: January 2024

Introduction The SARS-CoV-2 virus primarily affects the lungs causing a heightened immune response due to viral and host cell interaction, which prompts the release of proinflammatory cytokines and reduces the defense mechanisms of the immune system, making the patient vulnerable to secondary infections. The study aims to identify the incidence and risk factors for secondary infections developing after COVID-19.

Methods and Materials A retrospective study was conducted on 669 patients who were readmitted after COVID-19 to a tertiary care hospital. The development of secondary infections in these populations was identified. The data were collected from the medical records department.

Statistical Analysis Incidence was calculated by the ratio of the total number of patients who developed secondary infections among readmitted patients divided by the total number of readmitted patients during the study period. Univariate analysis was performed to identify the statistically significant variables that were used in logistic regression for identifying the risk factors for secondary infection. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS version 28.0.

Results and Discussion In this study, 85 patients were found to have developed secondary infections with an incidence of 12.7%. Among the reported six infections, mucormycosis showed the highest incidence (34.1%), followed by sepsis and urinary tract infection. Nine patients developed tuberculosis as a post-COVID-19 secondary infection. General risk factors for secondary infections include male gender, presence of comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease (CKD), intensive care unit (ICU) admission, elevated levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and D-dimer, and administration of steroids particularly medium-dose steroids.

Conclusion Secondary infections can occur within 43 days of COVID-19 infection for every 12.7 per 100 patients in whom there is bacterial or fungal infections. Of these secondary infections, incidence of mucormycosis and sepsis was found to be higher in our study. COVID-19-infected patients who have either of these factors such as elevated inflammatory markers (Il-6 and D-dimer), the presence of comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus and CKD, ICU admission, and the use of steroids are at risk of developing secondary infections. Through proper screening, we can prevent patients who are at risk of developing secondary infections.
Board reforms and M&A performance: international evidence
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Farooq , Aktas Nihat , Cumming Douglas , Xu Guosong
Published: January 2024

This research employs a difference-in-differences framework to study the impact of major board reforms on the performance of mergers and acquisitions (M&As). Using an international sample of board reforms implemented in 61 countries from 1985 to 2021, we document a drastic redistribution of wealth from target shareholders to acquirer shareholders after the board reforms in target countries. This effect is most pronounced in M&A transactions that involve the sale of controlling shares, thereby supporting the hypothesis that corporate board reforms mitigate the private benefits of control in the target firm. Furthermore, these reforms increase expected deal synergies, in that deal-level announcement returns are higher after the implementation of the reforms. When country-level institutional quality and legal protection of shareholders are greater, it reinforces the reform effects. Overall M&A activity remains unchanged following the reforms, yet financial bidders complete fewer transactions, implying a reform-induced squeeze-out of financial bidders from the M&A market in the target country. Collectively, these international results are consistent with the predictions of the private benefits of control theory and underscore the role of institutional quality and investor protection in reinforcing the effects of board reforms worldwide.
An experimental apparatus for the study of high-temperature degradation and solid-deposit formation of lubricants
Authors: Juárez R. , Petersen E. L.
Published: January 2024

When exposed to high surface temperatures, engine lubricating oils degrade and may form solid deposits, which cause operational issues and increase shutdown time and maintenance costs. Despite its being a common issue in engine operation, the information available on the mechanics of this phenomenon is still lacking, and the experimental data and conditions must be updated to match the improvements in both lubricant stability and engine efficiency. To this end, an experimental apparatus has been developed to study the mechanisms that lead to the degradation and deposit formation of lubricants at high temperatures. The apparatus is designed to operate at pressures up to 69 bar, surface temperatures up to 650 °C, oil bulk temperatures up to 550 °C, and flow rates of <14 mL/min. In this apparatus, the oil is cycled through a heated test section, and deposits accumulate on the heated surface. The time required for deposits to start accumulating under the test conditions is determined based on the recorded temperature traces, and collected oil and deposit samples may be analyzed to determine changes in composition over time due to high-temperature exposure. The removable test section can be modified to accommodate different geometries, surface materials, and flow paths to adapt the instrument to a range of potential research directions. This paper presents the technical details of the new apparatus and the steps taken to characterize the experimental conditions. In addition, sample data are provided to show the unique capabilities of the new instrument, and an Arrhenius plot for Castrol Perfecto X 32 in the surface temperature range of 445–475 °C is presented as a demonstration of its use for quantifying the coking delay time. The new instrument detailed herein is the first such device to demonstrate a reliable, lab-scale technique for studying lube oil coke formation and deposition at temperatures and pressures of interest to power generation gas turbines.
Photonic antichiral edge states induced by magnetic surface plasmon resonance
Authors: Wu Huabing , Xu Kai , Shi Yuancheng , Chen Ping , Poo Yin , Liu Shiyang , Wu Rui-Xin
Published: January 2024

Chiral edge states are a hallmark feature of photonic Chern insulators, where waves propagate in opposite directions along two parallel edges of a strip sample. Different from the chiral edge states, at recently discovered counterintuitive antichiral edge states, where waves propagate in the same direction on the two edges, the antichiral edge states are modeled by the modified Haldane model. Here, we theoretically propose, experimentally observe the antichiral edge states induced by magnetic surface plasmon resonance, and realize the antichiral edge states in a gyromagnetic photonic crystal with rectangular lattice. Through microwave experiments and photonic band calculations, the unique properties of this antichiral edge states have been confirmed, including edge dispersion without Dirac points frequencies shift, unidirectional transmission without ancillary cladding, and the operating frequency of the edge states that can be flexibly controlled by the external magnetic field. These results extend the scope of antichiral edge states and supplement the current understanding of antichiral edge states.
Temperature-dependent ultrafast hot carrier dynamics in the dilute bismide alloy GaSb1−xBix (x ≾ 0.4%)
Authors: Sharma Akant Sagar , Sreerag S. J. , Kini R. N.
Published: January 2024

We report temperature-dependent hot carrier dynamics in liquid-phase epitaxy-grown GaSb1−xBix epilayers with dilute amounts of Bi (x ≾ 0.4%). Degenerate pump–probe (λ = 800 nm) transient reflectivity (PPTR) was used to investigate the carrier dynamics in the epilayers. The PPTR signal consists of two transient processes (fast and slow) at all temperatures for all epilayers. The fast, hot carrier relaxation time, which is attributed to the combined effect of intervalley scattering and thermalization of carriers below cryogenic temperatures (<100 K), is observed to increase with an increase in temperature (≈0.8–2 ps at 6.6 K and ≈4–5 ps at 300 K). However, at higher temperatures (>100 K), the interband CHSH-Auger recombination process affects the band-to-band recombination, leading to an increase in the slower decay time. The findings offer crucial insights for optimizing GaSbBi for hot carrier solar cell applications.
Influence factors and mechanism of backscattering characteristics of electromagnetic waves in a single layer plasma tube array
Authors: Liu Rubing , Peng Jun , Qiu Dianqing , Lin Liguang , Liu Zhen , Lin Qi
Published: January 2024

A single-row plasma tube array (PTA) experimental system is established to improve the backscattering attenuation of a metal plate covered by a plasma tube array. The backscattering test system is utilized in a microwave anechoic chamber to examine the effects of gas composition, pressure, tube diameter, and discharge power on the backscattering attenuation of a metal plate using a plasma tube array. The electron density is obtained via microwave diagnosis. The backscattering attenuation mechanism in different frequency bands is revealed via numerical simulation. The results show that the reasonable selection of PTA parameters achieves strong attenuation in different frequency bands. The strong attenuation frequency bands of Ar–Hg PTA are in low frequency (1.5–3.5 GHz) and high frequency (13–17 GHz), while that of Ne–Hg discharge is in medium frequency (6.4–11.7 GHz). When the pressure is 0.5 and 1 Torr, the PTA shows a low, medium, and high multi-band distribution for the backscattering strong attenuation region. The backscattering strong attenuation region shows a low and high dual-band distribution, while the pressure is 2–4 Torr. As the tube diameter increases, the strong attenuation region maintains the dual-band, but it changes from low and high frequency bands to medium frequency (6-12 GHz), where the backscattering attenuation mechanism is collisional absorption when the frequency of plasma electron oscillation is close to that of electro-magnetic waves. The backscattering attenuation mechanism in the low frequency band involves the periodic structure of PTA generating local surface plasmon to absorb electromagnetic waves.
Near-moving-wall flows past three tandem elliptical cylinders at low Reynolds number of 150
Authors: Duong Viet Dung , Nguyen Van Luc , Nguyen Van Tien , Palar Pramudita Satria , Zuhal Lavi Rizki , Le Anh Tuan , Lin Jhe-Kai , Wang Wei-Cheng
Published: January 2024

Dynamic flows past three tandem elliptic cylinders of equal spacing in parallel arrangement with a moving wall are numerically conducted by the lattice Boltzmann method. The gap ratio (G/D, where G and D are the gap between the wall surface and cylinder center and major axis, respectively) from 0.6 to 2.5 and spacing ratio (L/D, where L is the distance of two adjacent cylinder centers) from 1.5 to 10 are examined at Reynolds number of Re = 150 (based on D). The desired analysis correlates variations of hydrodynamic coefficients, wake structures, and spectral analysis in wide space of G/D and L/D with underlying fluid mechanics. The flow is highly adjustable in G/D−L/D space, dividing into six distinct regimes: overshoot, continuous reattachment, alternative reattachment, wavy, meandering, and coshedding, which are spatially classified into four modes because of flow interference, namely, shear layer, primary, two-layered, and secondary vortex shedding modes. The transition between adjacent modes defines three boundaries. The first boundary always occurs behind the middle or downstream cylinder, whereas the second and third boundaries occur between the upstream and middle cylinders and the downstream cylinder wake. Due to the near-wall flow interference, the hydrodynamic coefficients are highly changeable in L/D−G/D space, signifying the crucially lower drag coefficient of the middle and downstream cylinders than that of a single cylinder. A small G/D determines the increase in lift coefficient of the upstream cylinder as a result of the ground effect, while the shadowing effect of the upstream cylinder induces identical Strouhal numbers of the middle and downstream cylinders.
Prediction and control of spatiotemporal chaos by learning conjugate tubular neighborhoods
Authors: Budanur Nazmi Burak
Published: January 2024

I present a data-driven predictive modeling tool that is applicable to high-dimensional chaotic systems with unstable periodic orbits. The basic idea is using deep neural networks to learn coordinate transformations between the trajectories in the periodic orbits’ neighborhoods and those of low-dimensional linear systems in a latent space. I argue that the resulting models are partially interpretable since their latent-space dynamics is fully understood. To illustrate the method, I apply it to the numerical solutions of the Kuramoto–Sivashinsky partial differential equation in one dimension. Besides the forward-time predictions, I also show that these models can be leveraged for control.
Momentum work and the energetic foundations of physics. V. Interaction of quantum objects via processes
Authors: Kalies Grit , Do Duong D.
Published: January 2024

Momentum work involves a change in the basic energetic concepts of physics, which also concerns binding processes. We apply the findings from the preceding papers in this series and describe any kind of interaction between particles via processes instead of forces. We illustrate a new understanding of the interaction and the energies involved using a vibrating diatomic molecule. After a detailed critical review of the current force-based interpretation of potential energy profiles, such as the Morse or Lennard-Jones potentials, the energy profiles are reinterpreted within the framework of quantum-process thermodynamics and the forms of energy released during the spontaneous formation of a bond are specified. Interaction by processes implies the real wave character of any quantum object, provides a path toward the development of a unified interaction theory, and should initiate a paradigm shift in fundamental theoretical physics.
Bragg scattering of gravity waves by a sea bed of varying depth in the presence of uniform current covered by a floating membrane
Authors: Barman Koushik Kanti , Chanda Ayan , Tsai Chia-Cheng , Hsu Tai-Wen
Published: January 2024

We present an asymptotic approach to solving the water wave scattering by undulating bottom topography in the presence of uniform currents where a flexible membrane covers the upper surface. The interest in this problem lies in the development of asymptotic solutions using the Fourier transform under the action of uniform currents. The method allows the physical processes involved in the sea-bed topography and membrane-covered surface and wave interactions to be studied. In particular, we identify the existence of Bragg resonance between gravity waves and the bottom ripples, which are associated with the reflection of incident wave energy. We consider the impacts of uniform current, and we highlight the central role of the asymptotic expansion method in the evolution of the response of current. For depth Froude number in the range of 0.4–0.7, the effects of bottom topography on Bragg resonance dominate. The current shifts the frequency of the most reflected wave components, and wave action conservation results in amplified reflected wave energies for the following currents. The theory developed in the frequency domain is illustrated in the time domain using discrete Fourier transform with the Joint North Sea Wave Observation Project (JONSWAP) spectrum [Hasselmann et al., J. Phys. Oceanogr. 10, 1264 (1980)] to analyze wave propagation through the whole system.
A self-powered cathodic protection system using piezoelectric pipe generator based on Kármán vortex and its mathematical model
Authors: Xu Shuiyang , Li Xinya , Zhang Peng , Bararunyeretse Prudence , Chen Xingyu , Li Tianxin
Published: January 2024

The municipal pipe system is a crucial component in the water supply and drainage infrastructure of a city and acts as its lifeline. However, over time, the municipal pipe network undergoes corrosion because of continuous use even after its service life. Corrosion can result in significant water loss and environmental pollution and is a substantial threat to the overall functionality of the water supply and drainage system. In this study, a pipeline piezoelectric generator (PPG) is used to harness the kinetic energy from water flow. The PPG is designed to convert this flow energy into mechanical vibrations through a piezoelectric cantilever beam. In addition, the piezoelectric effect transforms mechanical vibrations into electrical energy. A rectifier circuit converts an alternating current into a direct current to ensure a stable power supply. Moreover, the principles of cathodic protection are used to thwart any further electrochemical corrosion of the inner wall metal of the water pipes. This innovative approach safeguards the metal pipe network from deteriorating effects over time and facilitates self-adaptive protection.
Enhanced ferromagnetic properties achieved by F-doping in BaFe1−xMnxO3−δ
Authors: Huang Jun , Yang Jiwen , Wang Yangkai , Zhang Jian , Wang Jianlin , Fu Zhengping , Peng Ranran , Lu Yalin
Published: January 2024

Tailoring the crystal structure, spin, and charge state of perovskite oxides through fluorine ion doping is an attractive and effective strategy, which could significantly modify the physical and chemical properties of base oxides. Here, BaFe1−xMnxO3−δ (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) and BaFe1−xMnxO2.9−δF0.1 (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3), belonging to 6H-type BaFeO3−δ, are prepared and investigated to evaluate the impact of F− doping. The distortion of crystal structure and the reduced average valence of Mn and Fe confirm the preference for F− substitution in the hexagonal layer, which are found as the key factors for the improved magnetic properties, including ferromagnetic ordering temperature, coercive force, and remanent magnetization. Moreover, the valence reduction of B-site ions and the increased resistance distinctly indicate the expense of electron hole via fluorine doping. This work describes the adjustment of crystal structure, electronic configuration, and ferromagnetic performance by simple F− doping, which provides a prospect for practical magnetic materials.
A Gaussian field approach to the solvation of spherical ions in electrolyte solutions
Authors: Xiao Tiejun , Song Xueyu
Published: January 2024

In this work, the electrostatic response of an electrolyte solution to a spherical ion is studied with a Gaussian field theory. In order to capture the ionic correlation effect in concentrated solutions, the bulk dielectric response function is described by a two-Yukawa response function. The modified response function of the solution is solved analytically in the spherical geometry, from which the induced charge density and the electrostatic energy are also derived analytically. Comparisons with results for small ions in electrolyte solutions from the hyper-netted chain theory demonstrate the validity of the Gaussian field theory.
Disturbation to Lie symmetry for constrained Hamiltonian system within Agrawal’s operators
Authors: Shen Shi-Lei , Song Chuan-Jing
Published: January 2024

Lie theorem for a constrained Hamiltonian system under Agrawal’s operators is studied and proved. First, two fractional singular systems are listed. Second, the Lie symmetry of the constrained Hamiltonian system under Agrawal’s operators is defined. Third, Lie theorems of two fractional constrained Hamiltonian systems are derived and proved, and Lie conserved quantities are obtained. Furthermore, the disturbation to symmetry under Agrawal’s operators is studied. An application is given in the end.
Buoyant miscible viscoplastic displacements in vertical pipes: Flow regimes and their characterizations
Authors: Kazemi N. , Akbari S. , Vidal D. , Taghavi S. M.
Published: January 2024

We experimentally study miscible displacement flows of a light Newtonian fluid by a heavy viscoplastic fluid, in a vertical pipe with a large aspect ratio (δ−1≫1). We use camera imaging, laser-induced fluorescence, and ultrasound Doppler velocimetry techniques, to capture and process data. Four dimensionless parameters, namely, the Reynolds (Re), Bingham (B), viscosity ratio (M), and densimetric Froude (Fr) numbers (or their combinations), mainly govern the flow dynamics. We identify and characterize three distinct flow regimes, including plug, separation, and mixing regimes, while we describe each regime's dynamics in detail, particularly in terms of the velocity and concentration fields as well as the displacement front velocity. In addition, we analyze the plug regime concerning the residual wall layers, the separation regime in terms of the separation dynamics, spatiotemporal separation zone, and viscoplastic layer thinning, and the mixing regime regarding the mixing index and macroscopic diffusion. Finally, we develop a simplified model to help delineate the flow regime classification, in the plane of Re/Fr2 and M.
Bond dissociation energy of FeCr+ determined through threshold photodissociation in a cryogenic ion trap
Authors: Marlton Samuel J. P. , Liu Chang , Bieske Evan J.
Published: January 2024

The bond dissociation energy of FeCr+ is measured using resonance enhanced photodissociation spectroscopy in a cryogenic ion trap. The onset for FeCr+ → Fe + Cr+ photodissociation occurs well above the lowest Cr+(6S, 3d5) + Fe(5D, 3d64s2) dissociation limit. In contrast, the higher energy FeCr+ → Fe+ + Cr photodissociation process exhibits an abrupt onset at the energy of the Cr(7S, 3d54s1) + Fe+(6D, 3d64s1) limit, enabling accurate dissociation energies to be extracted: D(Fe–Cr+) = 1.655 ± 0.006 eV and D(Fe+–Cr) = 2.791 ± 0.006 eV. The measured D(Fe–Cr+) bond energy is 10%–20% larger than predictions from accompanying CAM (Coulomb Attenuated Method)-B3LYP and NEVPT2 and coupled cluster singles, doubles, and perturbative triples electronic structure calculations, which give D(Fe–Cr+) = 1.48, 1.40, and 1.35 eV, respectively. The study emphasizes that an abrupt increase in the photodissociation yield at threshold requires that the molecule possesses a dense manifold of optically accessible, coupled electronic states adjacent to the dissociation asymptote. This condition is not met for the lowest Cr+(6S, 3d5) + Fe(5D, 3d64s2) dissociation limit of FeCr+ but is satisfied for the higher energy Cr(7S, 3d54s1) + Fe+(6D, 3d64s1) dissociation limit.
Fast quantum interference of a nanoparticle via optical potential control
Authors: Neumeier Lukas , Ciampini Mario A. , Romero-Isart Oriol , Aspelmeyer Markus , Kiesel Nikolai
Published: January 2024

We introduce and theoretically analyze a scheme to prepare and detect non-Gaussian quantum states of an optically levitated particle via the interaction with light pulses that generate cubic and inverted potentials. We show that this approach allows to operate on sufficiently short time- and length scales to beat decoherence in a regime accessible in state-of-the-art experiments. Specifically, we predict the observation of single-particle interference of a nanoparticle with a mass above 108atomic mass units delocalized by several nanometers, on timescales of milliseconds. The proposed experiment uses only optical and electrostatic control, and can be performed at about 10−10mbar and at room temperature. We discuss the prospect of this method for coherently splitting the wavepacket of massive dielectric objects without using either projective measurements or an internal level structure.
Spatiotemporal trends of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in China under climate variation
Authors: Wang Yuchen , Zhang Chutian , Gao Jing , Chen Ziqi , Liu Zhao , Huang Jianbin , Chen Yidan , Li Zhichao , Chang Nan , Tao Yuxin , Tang Hui , Gao Xuejie , Xu Ying , Wang Can , Li Dong , Liu Xiaobo , Pan Jingxiang , Cai Wenjia , Gong Peng , Luo Yong , Liang Wannian , Liu Qiyong , Stenseth Nils Chr. , Yang Ruifu , Xu Lei
Published: January 2024

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a zoonotic disease caused by the rodent-transmitted orthohantaviruses (HVs), with China possessing the most cases globally. The virus hosts in China are
Apodemus agrarius
and
Rattus norvegicus
, and the disease spread is strongly influenced by global climate dynamics. To assess and predict the spatiotemporal trends of HFRS from 2005 to 2098, we collected historical HFRS data in mainland China (2005–2020), historical and projected climate and population data (2005–2098), and spatial variables including biotic, environmental, topographical, and socioeconomic. Spatiotemporal predictions and mapping were conducted under 27 scenarios incorporating multiple integrated representative concentration pathway models and population scenarios. We identify the type of magistral HVs host species as the best spatial division, including four region categories. Seven extreme climate indices associated with temperature and precipitation have been pinpointed as key factors affecting the trends of HFRS. Our predictions indicate that annual HFRS cases will increase significantly in 62 of 356 cities in mainland China.
Rattus
regions are predicted to be the most active, surpassing
Apodemus
and Mixed regions. Eighty cities are identified as at severe risk level for HFRS, each with over 50 reported cases annually, including 22 new cities primarily located in East China and
Rattus
regions after 2020, while 6 others develop new risk. Our results suggest that the risk of HFRS will remain high through the end of this century, with
Rattus norvegicus
being the most active host, and that extreme climate indices are significant risk factors. Our findings can inform evidence-based policymaking regarding future risk of HFRS.
γδ T cell antigen receptor polyspecificity enables T cell responses to a broad range of immune challenges
Authors: Guo Jing , Chowdhury Roshni Roy , Mallajosyula Vamsee , Xie Jianming , Dubey Megha , Liu Yuanyuan , Li Jing , Wei Yu-ling , Palanski Brad A. , Wang Conghua , Qiu Lingfeng , Ohanyan Mané , Kask Oliver , Sola Elsa , Kamalyan Lilit , Lewis David B. , Scriba Thomas J. , Davis Mark M. , Dodd Dylan , Zeng Xun , Chien Yueh-hsiu
Published: January 2024

γδ T cells are essential for immune defense and modulating physiological processes. While they have the potential to recognize large numbers of antigens through somatic gene rearrangement, the antigens which trigger most γδ T cell response remain unidentified, and the role of antigen recognition in γδ T cell function is contentious. Here, we show that some γδ T cell receptors (TCRs) exhibit polyspecificity, recognizing multiple ligands of diverse molecular nature. These ligands include haptens, metabolites, neurotransmitters, posttranslational modifications, as well as peptides and proteins of microbial and host origin. Polyspecific γδ T cells are enriched among activated cells in naive mice and the responding population in infection. They express diverse TCR sequences, have different functional potentials, and include the innate-like γδ T cells, such as the major IL-17 responders in various pathological/physiological conditions. We demonstrate that encountering their antigenic microbiome metabolite maintains their homeostasis and functional response, indicating that their ability to recognize multiple ligands is essential for their function. Human γδ T cells with similar polyspecificity also respond to various immune challenges. This study demonstrates that polyspecificity is a prevalent feature of γδ T cell antigen recognition, which enables rapid and robust T cell responses to a wide range of challenges, highlighting a unique function of γδ T cells.
Computational recognition of narratives
Authors: Hatavara Mari , Sandberg Kirsi , Andrushchenko Mykola , Hälikkö Sari , Nummenmaa Jyrki , Nummenmaa Timo , Peltonen Jaakko , Hyvärinen Matti
Published: January 2024

Computational recognition of narratives, if successful, would find innumerable applications with large digitized
datasets. Systematic identification of narratives in the text flow could significantly contribute to such pivotal questions as
where, when, and how narratives are employed. This paper discusses an approach to extract narratives from two datasets, Finnish
parliamentary records (1980–2021) and oral history interviews with former Finnish MPs (1988–2018). Our study was based on an
iterative approach, proceeding from original expert readings to a rule-based, computational approach that was elaborated with the
help of annotated samples and annotation scheme. Annotated samples and computationally found extracts were compared, and a good
correspondence was found. In this paper, we exhibit and compare the results from annotation and rule-based approach, and discuss
examples of correctly and incorrectly found narrative sections. We consider that all attempts at recognizing and extracting
narratives are definition dependent, and feed back to narrative theory.
The effector program of human CD8 T cells supports tissue remodeling
Authors: Delacher Michael , Schmidleithner Lisa , Simon Malte , Stüve Philipp , Sanderink Lieke , Hotz-Wagenblatt Agnes , Wuttke Marina , Schambeck Kathrin , Ruhland Brigitte , Hofmann Veronika , Bittner Sebastian , Ritter Uwe , Pant Asmita , Helbich Sara Salome , Voss Morten , Lemmermann Niels A. , Bessiri-Schake Lisa , Bohn Toszka , Eigenberger Andreas , Menevse Ayse Nur , Gebhard Claudia , Strieder Nicholas , Abken Hinrich , Rehli Michael , Huehn Jochen , Beckhove Philipp , Hehlgans Thomas , Junger Henrik , Geissler Edward K. , Prantl Lukas , Werner Jens M. , Schmidl Christian , Brors Benedikt , Imbusch Charles D. , Feuerer Markus
Published: January 2024

CD8 T lymphocytes are classically viewed as cytotoxic T cells. Whether human CD8 T cells can, in parallel, induce a tissue regeneration program is poorly understood. Here, antigen-specific assay systems revealed that human CD8 T cells not only mediated cytotoxicity but also promoted tissue remodeling. Activated CD8 T cells could produce the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-ligand amphiregulin (AREG) and sensitize epithelial cells for enhanced regeneration potential. Blocking the EGFR or the effector cytokines IFN-γ and TNF could inhibit tissue remodeling. This regenerative program enhanced tumor spheroid and stem cell–mediated organoid growth. Using single-cell gene expression analysis, we identified an AREG+, tissue-resident CD8 T cell population in skin and adipose tissue from patients undergoing abdominal wall or abdominoplasty surgery. These tissue-resident CD8 T cells showed a strong TCR clonal relation to blood PD1+TIGIT+ CD8 T cells with tissue remodeling abilities. These findings may help to understand the complex CD8 biology in tumors and could become relevant for the design of therapeutic T cell products.
Detection of anomalies amongst LIGO’s glitch populations with autoencoders
Authors: Laguarta Paloma , van der Laag Robin , Lopez Melissa , Dooney Tom , Miller Andrew L , Schmidt Stefano , Cavaglia Marco , Caudill Sarah , Driessens Kurt , Karel Joël , Lenders Roy , Van Den Broeck Chris
Published: January 2024

Gravitational wave (GW) interferometers are able to detect a change in distance of ~1/10 000th the size of a proton. Such sensitivity leads to large rates of non-gaussian, transient bursts of noise, also known as glitches, which hinder the detection and parameter estimation of short- and long-lived GW signals in the main detector strain. Glitches, come in a wide range of frequency-amplitude-time morphologies and may be caused by environmental or instrumental processes, so a key step towards their mitigation is to understand their population. Current approaches for their identification use supervised models to learn their morphology in the main strain with a fixed set of classes, but do not consider relevant information provided by auxiliary channels that monitor the state of the interferometers. In this work, we present an unsupervised algorithm to find anomalous glitches. Firstly, we encode a subset of auxiliary channels from Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory Livingston in the fractal dimension (FD), which measures the complexity of the signal. For this aim, we speed up the fractal dimension calculation to encode

1

h of data in

11

s. Secondly, we learn the underlying distribution of the data using an autoencoder with cyclic periodic convolutions. In this way, we learn the underlying distribution of glitches and we uncover unknown glitch morphologies, and overlaps in time between different glitches and misclassifications. This led to the discovery of

6.6
%

anomalies in the input data. The results of this investigation stress the learnable structure of auxiliary channels encoded in FD and provide a flexible framework for glitch discovery.
A multi-scale collaborative fusion residual neural network-based approach for bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Qian Chen , Gao Jun , Shao Xing , Wang Cuixiang
Published: January 2024

In recent years, deep learning techniques have become popular for diagnosing equipment faults. However, their real industrial application performance is hindered by challenges related to noise and variable load conditions that prevent accurate extraction of valid feature information. To tackle these challenges, this paper proposed a novel approach known as the multi-scale collaborative fusion residual neural network (MCFRNN) for bearing fault diagnosis. To begin with, the methodology introduces a multi-scale systolic denoising module designed to extract features at multiple scales while mitigating the influence of noise. Subsequently, a central fusion module is employed to explore the intrinsic correlation among the multiple channels and effectively fuse their respective features. Additionally, a global sensing module is incorporated to enhance the perceptual field of MCFRNN, thereby facilitating the extraction of global features. Furthermore, online label smoothing and AdamP are applied to alleviate overfitting and improve the diagnostic capability of MCFRNN under small sample. Finally, the effectiveness of MCFRNN is verified with two publicly available datasets under complex operational and limited sample conditions. The experimental results show that the proposed method has more excellent diagnostic performance and adaptivity than the existing popular methods.
Machine learning enhanced prediction of permittivity of spinel microwave dielectric ceramics compared to traditional C-M calculation
Authors: Liu Xiao-Bin , Su Chang , Huang Qiu-Xia , Yang Sheng-Hui , Zhang Lei , Xie Xiao-Lan , Zhou Huan-Fu
Published: January 2024

Microwave dielectric ceramic (MWDC) is crucial in advancing the development of 5G technology and the communication field. The prediction or calculation of its properties is of great significance for accelerating the design and development of MWDCs. Therefore, the prediction of permittivity of spinel MWDCs based on machine learning was investigated in this work. Firstly, we collected 327 single-phase spinel MWDC entries and constructed feature engineering, which includes feature generation and feature selection (five dominant features, including Mpo, Dar, Mmbe, Aose and Dgnve, were selected from 208 generated features). Next, seven commonly used algorithms were utilized during the training process of machine learning models. The extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) model shows the best performance, achieving R-squared (R
2) of 0.9095, mean absolute error of 1.02 and root mean square error of 1.96 on the train and test dataset. In addition, the machine learning models, especially the XGBoost model, show enhanced prediction (calculation accuracy) of the permittivity of spinel MWDCs compared to the traditional Clausius–Mossotti equation, which can provide a guide for the design and development of spinel MWDCs applied for wireless communication.
Realization of controllable multifunctionality by interfacial engineering: the case of silicene/hBN van der Waals heterostructure
Authors: Younis M W , Yousaf Masood , Akhter Toheed , Ali Mubashar , Munir Junaid
Published: January 2024

The study demonstrates layer-sliding-mediated controlled interfacial engineering to induce multifunctionality into a van der Waals heterostructure (vdWHS), consisting of two-dimensional (2D) silicene and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). To manifest the aforementioned strategy, silicene is slided over hBN, and the resulting variations in the physical properties such as interfacial electronic and optical properties of vdWHS are analyzed. A nifty modeling of vdWHS not only identifies the most stable stacking pattern but also minimizes the lattice mismatch between silicene and hBN to 2.97%. After obtaining the most optimal stacking configuration of vdWHS, the position of potassium (K) intercalant at the interface is screened out. Various physical parameters such as binding energy, van der Waals (vdW)-gap and buckling distance (ΔZ) relating to the intercalated system are computed repeatedly along the sliding pathway. The stability of the various K-intercalated stacking patterns is verified by calculating and comparing the total energies with and without vdW contributions. Upon completion of the sliding, calculated vdW-gap with and without vdW contributions increases by 2.7% and 5.6%, respectively. The highest energy barrier encountered throughout the sliding pathway with (without) vdW contributions is 0.84 (0.72) eV. Planar average charge density difference, charge transfer, and interface dipole moment are calculated and analyzed to investigate the variation in interfacial electronic properties resulting from layer-sliding and intercalation. A notable increase (5.86%) in charge transfer from hBN to silicene is seen upon completion of the layer-sliding. Several optical properties associated with the intercalated vdWHS such as real [

ε
1

ω

] and imaginary [

ε
2

ω

] parts of the complex dielectric function, electron energy loss function [

L

ω

], diagonal components of the dielectric tensor [

ε

i
ω

] and optical joint density of states

 

J

ω

have been examined. Polarizability of un-slided vdWHS is changed significantly due to the layer-sliding, with a reduction of 24.85% and 6.76% for the midway and fully-slided configurations, respectively. Sliding process results in an increase in the optical absorption in the ultraviolet region by 23.14% and 44.18% for the midway and fully-slided configurations as compared with the un-slided vdWHS. Plots relating to

J

ω

indicate that the most probable optical transitions occur at 7.50, 7.66, and 7.43 eV for the initial, middle, and fully-slided configurations, respectively. The suggested layer-sliding technique has a potential to introduce multifunctionality in 2D materials by varying the properties in a controllable and reversible manner.
Convergence of mechanical balance laws for water waves: from KdV to Euler
Authors: Israwi Samer , Kalisch Henrik , Khorbatly Bashar
Published: January 2024

This article takes into account the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation as an approximate model of long waves of small amplitude at the free surface with inviscid fluid. It is demonstrated that the mechanical balance quantities, as defined by the solution of the KdV equation, rigorously approximate those in the Euler system within the

L
∞

space. Furthermore, these approximations are estimated in relation to the parameter

ε

characterizing the long-wave behavior.
Synchronization of Turing patterns in complex networks of reaction–diffusion systems set in distinct domains
Authors: Aziz-Alaoui M A , Cantin Guillaume , Thorel Alexandre
Published: January 2024

We present an innovative complex network of reaction–diffusion systems set in distinct domains, with boundary couplings. The complex network models the evolution of interacting populations living in a heterogeneous and fragmented habitat, whose biological individuals migrate from one patch to another. In our model, the displacements of individuals are described by mixed boundary couplings, involving both the Neumann and Robin boundary conditions, which improve the modeling of migrations by point-wise couplings. We investigate the cases of diffusion in isotropic and anisotropic habitats and establish original sufficient conditions of synchronization in this complex network model, for complete graphs, cyclic graphs and rings of nearest neighbors. In parallel, we apply our theoretical framework to a nonlinear predator–prey model with Leslie–Gower-type functional response and explore numerically the emergence of synchronization on heterogeneous Turing patterns.
Irrationality exponent and convergence exponent in continued fraction expansions
Authors: Song Kunkun , Tan Xiaoyan , Zhang Zhenliang
Published: January 2024

Let

x
∈
(
0
,
1
)

be an irrational number with continued fraction expansion

[

a
1

(
x
)
,

a
2

(
x
)
,
⋯
,

a
n

(
x
)
,
⋯
]

. We give the multifractal spectrum of the irrationality exponent and the convergence exponent of x defined by

v

(
x
)

:
=
sup

{

v
>
0
:

|

x
−

p
q

|

<

1

q
v

 
 
for infinitely many
 

(

q
,
p

)

∈
ℕ
×
ℤ

}

and

τ

x

:=
inf

s
⩾
0
:

∑

n
⩾
1

a
n

−
s

x

<
∞

respectively. To be precise, we completely determine the Hausdorff dimension of

E

α
,
v

=

x
∈

0
,
1

:
 
τ

x

=
α
,
 
v

x

=
v

for any

α
⩾
0
,
 
v
⩾
2

.
A new 2D fluid-MC hybrid approach for simulating nonequilibrium atmospheric pressure plasmas: density distribution of atomic oxygen in radio-frequency plasma jets in He/O2 mixtures
Authors: Vass Máté , Schulenberg David , Donkó Zoltán , Korolov Ihor , Hartmann Peter , Schulze Julian , Mussenbrock Thomas
Published: January 2024

A spatially two dimensional fluid-MC hybrid (fluid-kinetic) simulation method is developed and applied to the COST reference microplasma jet operated in helium with an oxygen admixture of 0.5%, excited by a single frequency voltage waveform with f = 13.56 MHz and

ϕ

rms

=
275

V. The simulation approach is based on a fluid model augmented by a Monte Carlo module that generates electron impact rates for the continuity equations solved by the fluid module. This method is capable of providing the same level of accuracy as PIC/MCC simulations with an agreement within 5%–10% at atmospheric pressure, while being significantly faster (with a speedup factor of 30 for serial to 50 for parallel implementation). The simulation results are compared to previous measurements of atomic oxygen densities (Steuer et al 2021 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.
54 355204), and show a very good agreement. It is found that the buildup and saturation of the atomic oxygen density distribution along the jet are due to the interplay of chemical and electron impact reactions as well as of the gas flow. Comparing the simulation results to that of Liu et al 2021 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.
54 275204, it is inferred that fluid models where a 2-term BE solver is used, fail to describe the COST jet in an accurate manner due to the underestimation of the electron impact rates.
Lie symmetry analysis, optimal system and exact solutions for variable-coefficients Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli equation
Authors: Yang Jiajia , Jin Meng , Xin Xiangpeng
Published: January 2024

In this paper, the constant coefficients are extended to variable coefficients in the Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli(BLMP) equation, and its optimal system, exact solutions, conservation laws are studied. First, the infinitesimal generators for independent variables of the variable-coefficient Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli(vcBLMP) equation are solved by using the Lie symmetry analysis method. Subsequently, the optimal system of the vcBLMP equation is solved, and then the equations are subjected to similarity reduction, the partial differential equations(PDEs) are gained. Based on these PDEs, the representative equations are converted into ordinary differential equations(ODEs) by traveling wave transformation, and some new exact solutions of vcBLMP equation is obtained by using

G
′

/

G

−

expansion method and tanh-function method, such as the kink solutions, periodic solutions and soliton solutions. According to the obtained solutions, the corresponding images are plotted in order to facilitate the presentation of structural features of the solutions. At the end, the vcBLMP equation is proved to be nonlinear self-adjoint equation and the conservation laws of vcBLMP are solved.