bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spermatogenesis in a freshwater large murrel, Channa striatus (Bloch)
Authors: Srivastava Shivaji
Published: March 2017

No peixe de água doce da Índia, Channa striatus (Bloch), sete tipos de células germinativas foram reconhecidas durante o processo de espermiogênese: 1. células germinativas em repouso, 2. espermatogônias primárias, 3. espermatogônias secundárias, 4. espermatócitos primários, 5. espermatócitos secundários, 6. espermátides e 7 espermatozóides. Os espermatozóides nunca formam nuvens densas nos lóbulos testiculares. Eles aparecem finamente espalhados através de todo o período reprodutivo.
Notes on some brazilian Bryozoa ectoprocta
Authors: Marcus Eveline Du Bois-Reymond
Published: March 2017

Hislopia corderoi Manê-Garzon, 1959, é redescrita. Dou uma chave das espécies das Hisloiidae. As espécies de Fredericella são discutidas. A sinonímia de Lophopus iheringi é enumerada e o gênero Stolella é mantido. A variabilidade das Plumatellas é salientada.
Alguns Oligochaeta do norte e nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Righi Gilberto , Guerra Rafael A. T.
Published: March 2017

São estudadas 16 espécies de Oligochaeta do norte e noroeste do Brasil. A Ocnerodrilidae, Eukerria emete, sp. n. e a Glossoscolecidae, Chibui barni, gen. n., sp. n. sao descritas. São apresentadas novas observações sobre Martiodrilus matapi. Novas ocorrências são indicadas para as Ocnerodrilidae: Gordiodrilus habessinus, Eukerria eiseniana, E. urna, Nematogenia lacuum; Octochaetidae: Dichogaster bolaui, D. gracilis, D. modiglianii, D. saliens; Glossoscolecidae : Martiodrilus matapi, Rhinodrilus curiosus, Pontoscolex (P.) corethrurus, Goiascolex pepus, Diaguita vivianeae e Glossodrilus tocantinensis pola.
Caracterização macroscópica das gônadas do Curimbatá, Prochilodus scrofa (Steindachner, 1881), durante o ciclo reprodutivo
Authors: Alexandrino Agar Costa , Phan Mikico Tokumaru , Pinheiro Elza Ferreira Goldman
Published: March 2017

Objetivando identificar as alterações cíclicas macroscópicas e microscópicas das gônadas, foram utilizados exemplares adultos (80 machos e 80 fêmeas) capturados no Rio Moji-Guaçu, Piraçununga-SP, no período de novembro de 1979 a fevereiro de 1981. As gônadas foram caracterizadas macroscópicamente quanto à vascularização superficial, coloração e volume e nas fêmeas a presença de óvulos visíveis. A seguir foram retiradas e amostradas em seu terço mêdio, o qual foi fixado em Bouin seguindo posteriormente técnicas histológicas de rotina. Os resultados obtidos para machos foram: repouso: gônada filiforme, rósea, com delicados vasos sanguíneos; microscopicamente os testículos mostram predominância de espermatogônias; maturação: a gônada aumenta de volume, coloraçao branco-leitosa, aumenta a vascularização superficial; microscopicamente predominam espermatócitos e espermátides; maduro: a gônada ocupa quase toda a cavidade abdominal, coloração branco-rosado; microscopicamente predominam os espermatozóides; esgotado: a gônada mostra-se flácida, coloração róseo-intensa; microscopicamente observa-se desorganização da estrutura do órgão, os septos são bastante espessos, grande quantidade de espermatogônias na periferia e no lúmen são vistos ainda espermatozóides residuais. Para fêmeas, em repouso: os ovários são achatados, coloração róseo alaranjada, vascularização delicada; microscopicamente predominam os ovocitos II; maturação: neste estádio já se observam ovócitos a olho desarmado, coloração laranja-acinzentada, ao microscópio óptico predominam ovocitos III; maduro: a gônada ocupa quase toda a cavidade abdominal, coloração cinza-esverdeada; histologicamente predominam os ovocitos IV; esgotado: órgão flácido, coloração róseo avermelhada; microscopicamente predominam folículos atrésicos e vazios.
Migração vertical de Lucifer faxoni Borradaile, 1915 (Curstacea-Decapoda) nas águas ao Largo de Santos, Brasil
Authors: Alvarez Maria Paloma Jimenez
Published: March 2017

A migração vertical dos vários estágios de desenvolvimento de Lucifer faxoni foi estudada nas quatro estações do ano, em águas ao largo de Santos (24°16'S e 46º 00'W). Os espécimes maduros de ambos os sexos migraram segundo o mesmo padrão. Houve diferenças na migração de espécimes maduros e larvas em julho (1960) quando as larvas migram inversamente, e em novembro (1961) quando elas se concentraram próximas à superfície. A distribuição vertical da espécie em abril (1960) foi limitada possivelmente pela presença de água fria abaixo dos 20 metros de profundidade.
Sobre o crescimento relativo de Callichirus major (Say, 1818) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Thalassinidea)
Authors: Rodrigues Sérgio De Almeida
Published: March 2017

0 crescimento relativo do própodo dos primeiros pereiópodos de machos e fêmeas de Calliahirus major foi estudado em função do comprimento da carapaça. No quelípodo menor o crescimento é aproximadamente isomêtrico e semelhante nos dois sexos. No quelípodo maior o crescimento é alométrico negativo e semelhante nos dois sexos apenas durante a fase pré-puberal. Na fase puberal as fêmeas continuam apresentando alometria negativa enquanto que nos machos a alometria torna-se acentuadamente positiva. Além disso, os machos apresentam dois tipos de quelípodos com morfología e padrão de crescimento alométrico positivo distintos.
On the Genus austrodoris (Mollusca, Opisthobranchia) and a new species
Authors: Marcus Eveline Du Bois-Reymond
Published: March 2017

As espécies do gênero Austrodoris Odhner, 1926 , são enumeradas e comparadas com a espécie nova A. mishu da Ilha dos Elefantes. A. nivium of Vicente, 1974, é diferente de Odhner's A. nivium, 1934, por isso chamo-a A. vicentei sp.n.
Corpuscles of Stannius of freshwater catfish, Clarias Batrachus
Authors: Swarup Krishna , Srivastav Shyan P. , Srivastav Sunil K. , Srivastav Ajai K.
Published: March 2017

O presente artigo estuda o número, localização e estrutura citológica dos corpúsculos de Stannius do bagre de água doce Clarias batrachus. Ocorre apenas um tipo celular e as células são eosina +, AF + e PAS +.
Life history observations on a few interstitial Opisthobranch gastropods from the Gulf of Marseilles, Bouches du Rhône, France
Authors: Poizat Claude
Published: March 2017

Foi estudada a vida reprodutiva das 5 espécies dominantes de opistobrânquios mediterrâneos intersticiais do Golfo de Marselha, Bouches-du-Rhône, França. Duas espécies hermafroditas Philine catena e Embletonia pulchra, provaram ser anuais, sendo a duração de vida da última ligeiramente maior que um ano no aquário. Essas duas espécies mostram, em biótopos de alta e média exposições, um único período de recrutamento no verão ou/e no outono, implicando em acasalmento no outono precedente, ovipostura no outono-inverno, eclosão das larvas e estabelecimento dos estádios meiobênticos jovens na areia, durante a estação quente, na primavera-verão. 0 Acochlidacea hermafrodito, Hedylopsis spiculifera, o qual pode sobreviver mais de um ano no aquário, é provavelmente também uma espécie anual, que passa por uma geração por ano. Contudo, uma fase flutuante de 4/5 meses, é registrada entre populações de biótopos de alta e média exposições: nos de média exposição há um recrutamento discreto na primavera enquanto que nos de alta exposição há um recrutamento mais importante no outono. Em biótopos de exposição intermediária há um prolongado período de recrutamento, do fim da primavera ao fim do outono e adultos podem ser observados no inverno e no verão. Os dois Acochlidiacea de sexos separados, Pontohedyle milaschewitschii e Unela glandulifera, mostraram ser espécies sub-anuais, cuja duração de vida é suposta ser não maior do que 6 a 7 meses; de fato, sua manutenção no aquário não ultrapassou algumas semanas. Essas duas espécies podem passar por 2 gerações por ano, desde que elas estejam no seu ambiente ótimo e se 2 estações de aquecimento (ou uma prolongada) forem registradas durante um ano, geralmente primavera e outono no Mediterrâneo. Uma primeira estação de ovipostura é presumida no inverno, eclosão e estabelecimento dos estádios jovens na areia, durante a primavera; esses jovens correspondem, onde e quando sobrevivem, à primeira geração descendente dos estádios adultos, alguns com espermatóforos, do outono precedente, morrendo no inverno após a ovipostura. Uma segunda estação de ovipostura, no verão ou/e outono, eclosão e estabelecimento no outono, corresponde à segunda geração; a última, bem sucedida na maioria dos cascalhos e areias, descende dos estádios adultos da primavera precedente, mortos no outono após a ovipostura. Uma certa fase flutuante é registrada entre populações de biótopos de exposição alta e média e em exposição intermediária parece haver reprodução quase o ano todo, exceto no inverno ou primavera. Os espermatóforos observados em P. milaschewitschii (até 3 por indivíduo) e U. glandulifera (1 ou 2 por indivíduo) são relevantes nos períodos de acasalmento na primavera e no outono.
Rhinus evelinae sp.n., uma nova espécie de Bulimulidae (Gastropoda, Sigmurethra), do sudeste brasileiro
Authors: Leme J. L. M.
Published: March 2017

Com base em caracteres conquiológicos e anatômicos, é descrita uma nova espécie do gênero Rhinus Albers, 1860, R. evelinae sp. n., procedente da Região Sudeste do Brasil. Conquiologicamente, a nova espécie é comparada com R. obeliscus (Haas, 1936) e com R. pubescens (Moricand, 1846). Seus dados anatômicos são relacionados aos únicos existentes na literatura (Breure, 1978, 1979), envolvendo R. ciliatus (Gould, 1846).
Nota sobre o comportamento copilatório de Anolis fuscoauratus (Sauria, Iguanidade)
Authors: Rodrigues Miguel Trefaut
Published: March 2017

Uma cópula do lagarto Anolis fuscoauratus foi observada em mata de terra firme no Rio Tapajós: Pará, Brasil. A côpula foi interrompida e depois reiniciada em outro local. Admite-se que a interrupção estava associada com a escolha pela fêmea de um local mais apropriado para copular.
Pacing as a Treatment for Reflex-Mediated (Vasovagal, Situational, or Carotid Sinus Hypersensitivity) Syncope: A Systematic Review for the 2017 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Patients With Syncope: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society
Authors: Varosy Paul D. , Chen Lin Y. , Miller Amy L. , Noseworthy Peter A. , Slotwiner David J. , Thiruganasambandamoorthy Venkatesh
Published: March 2017

Objectives:

To determine, using systematic review of the biomedical literature, whether pacing reduces risk of recurrent syncope and relevant clinical outcomes among adult patients with reflex-mediated syncope.

Methods:

MEDLINE (through PubMed), EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (through October 7, 2015) were searched for randomized trials and observational studies examining pacing and syncope, and the bibliographies of known systematic reviews were also examined. Studies were rejected for poor-quality study methods and for the lack of the population, intervention, comparator, or outcome(s) of interest.

Results:

Of 3188 citations reviewed, 10 studies met the inclusion criteria for systematic review, including a total of 676 patients. These included 9 randomized trials and 1 observational study. Of the 10 studies, 4 addressed patients with carotid sinus hypersensitivity, and the remaining 6 addressed vasovagal syncope. Among the 6 open-label (unblinded) studies, we found that pacing was associated with a 70% reduction in recurrent syncope (relative risk [RR]: 0.30; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.15–0.60). When the 2 analyzable studies with double-blinded methodology were considered separately, there was no clear benefit (RR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.25–2.1), but confidence intervals were wide. The strongest evidence was from the randomized, double-blinded ISSUE-3 (Third International Study on Syncope of Uncertain Etiology) trial, which demonstrated a benefit of pacing among patients with recurrent syncope and asystole documented by implantable loop recorder.

Conclusions:

There are limited data with substantive evidence of outcome ascertainment bias, and only 2 studies with a double-blinded study design have been conducted. The evidence does not support the use of pacing for reflex-mediated syncope beyond patients with recurrent vasovagal syncope and asystole documented by implantable loop recorder.
Three new species of Pergalumna (Acari: Oribatida: Galumnidae) from the tropical rainforest of Veracruz, Mexico
Authors: PALACIOS-VARGAS JOSÉ G. , VILLAGOMEZ FERNANDO
Published: March 2017

Three new species of oribatid mites of the genus Pergalumna from a tropical rain forest in Veracruz, Mexico are described. Pergalumna hypergranulosa sp. nov. differs from Pergalumna granulatus Balogh & Mahunka, 1967 by unilaterally barbulated bothridial setae, elongated notogastric porose areas, and also a more profuse granulation of the cerotegument. Pergalumna obsidiana sp. nov. differs from P. granulatus by the unilateral barbulation of bothridial setae and the presence of protuberances on the genital plates; from Pergalumna paralongisetosa Ermilov & Kalúz, 2012 by a diverging cerotegumental granulation on the notogaster. Pergalumna dactylaris sp. nov. differs from Pergalumna striata (Pérez-Íñigo & Baggio, 1980) by its bigger size and the presence of three notogastric porose areas instead of four and from Pergalumna decorata Balogh & Mahunka, 1977, also by the bigger size, a different position of setae lm and la and smaller but not minute interlamellar setae. These are the first Mexican species descriptions of this genus.
Revision of the non-Afrotropical species of Trigastrotheca Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Braconinae) with descriptions of four new species
Authors: QUICKE DONALD L. J. , BUTCHER BUNTIKA A. , RANJITH A. P. , BELOKOBYLSKIJ SERGEY A.
Published: March 2017

The Asian species of Trigastrotheca are revised. Four species are described as new: T. pariyanonthae sp. nov. from Thailand, T. sureeratae sp. nov. from Thailand, T. luzonensis sp. nov. from the Philippines, and T. maetoi sp. nov. from Indonesia (Kalimantan). Trigastrotheca tridentata (Enderlein) is redescribed and recorded from India for the first time. A key is provided to differentiate all non-Afrotropical species of the genus.
A new species of Cicadatra Kolenati, 1857 from China, with primary phylogenetic analyses of the tribe Cicadatrini (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)
Authors: WANG XU , HE ZHIQIANG , WEI CONG
Published: March 2017

A new species of the genus Cicadatra Kolenati, 1857, C. hei sp. nov., from Sichuan Province, China is described. A key to the species of Cicadatra from China is provided. Morphological characters for 9 taxa of the tribe Cicadatrini and for 3 outgroup taxa are examined to present the first phylogenetic reconstruction within the Cicadatrini. The monophyly of Cicadatrini is supported, and Cicadatrini is more allied to the outgroup Cicadetta of the subfamily Cicadettinae (= Tibicininae auct.) from TNT and WinClada analyses. The systematic status of the tribe Cicadatrini is discussed. The genus Cicadalna Boulard, 2006 is recognized to be a junior synonym of Emathia Stål, 1866, and Cicadalna takensis Boulard, 2006 is transferred from Cicadalna to Emathia to become Emathia takensis (Boulard, 2006) comb. nov.
Precipitation Budget of the Madden–Julian Oscillation
Authors: Adames Ángel F.
Published: March 2017

Column moisture and moist static energy (MSE) budgets have become common tools in the study of the processes responsible for the maintenance and evolution of the MJO. While many studies have shown that precipitation is spatially correlated with column moisture, these budgets do not directly describe the MJO-related precipitation anomalies. Other spatially varying fields may also play a role in determining the horizontal distribution of anomalous precipitation. In this study, an empirical precipitation anomaly field is derived that depends on three variables in addition to column moisture. These are the low-frequency distribution of precipitation, the low-frequency column saturation water vapor, and the sensitivity of precipitation to changes in column relative humidity. The addition of these fields improves upon moisture/MSE budgets by confining these anomalies to the climatologically rainy areas of the tropics, where MJO activity is strongest. The derived field adequately describes the MJO-related precipitation anomalies, comparing favorably with TRMM precipitation data.

Furthermore, a “precipitation budget” is presented that emphasizes moist processes over the regions where precipitation is most sensitive to free-tropospheric moisture. It is found that moistening from vertical moisture advection in association with regions of shallow ascent plays a central role in the propagation of the MJO. The overall contribution from this process is comparable to the contribution from horizontal moisture advection to propagation. Consistent with previous studies, it is found that vertical advection arising from longwave radiative heating maintains the intraseasonal precipitation anomalies against drying by horizontal moisture advection.
Causality of the Drought in the Southwestern United States Based on Observations
Authors: Zhang Feng , Lei Yadong , Yu Qiu-Run , Fraedrich Klaus , Iwabuchi Hironobu
Published: March 2017

Slow feature analysis is used to extract driving forces from the monthly mean anomaly time series of the precipitation in the southwestern United States (1895–2015). Four major spectral scales pass the 95% confidence test after wavelet analysis of the derived driving forces. Further harmonic analysis indicates that only two fundamental frequencies are dominant in the spectral domain. The frequencies represent the influence of the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and solar activity on the precipitation from the southwestern United States. In addition, solar activity has exerted a greater effect than the PDO on the precipitation in the southwestern United States over the past 120 years. By comparing the trend of droughts with the two fundamental frequencies, it is found that both the droughts in the 1900s and in the twenty-first century were affected by the PDO and solar activity, whereas the droughts from the 1950s to the 1970s were mainly affected by solar activity.
“Her English ensign tied upside down”: Carnival as a means of anticolonial resistance in Emmanuel Appadocca
Authors: Lennox Sarah
Published: March 2017

This article focuses on Michel Maxwell Philip’s mid-nineteenth-century novel Emmanuel Appadocca (1854), which draws upon the cultural institution of carnival to critique British colonialism and advocate for the right of free people of colour to hold positions of power in Trinidad’s government. Philip enhances his characters’ protests against British colonialism and preserves the carnival revellers’ spirit of resistance and rebellion through allusions to the pirate, Red Indian, and military masques of early Trinidad carnival. This is particularly evident in one radical scene in which a pirate ship known as the Black Schooner masquerades as an English wreck in front of an actual English man-of-war, confronting England with an image of its own vulnerability and future defeat. Applying Mikhail Bakhtin’s theory of utopian carnival, I argue that the image of the triumphant Black Schooner bursting forth from its disguise figuratively represents a united Trinidad replacing England as a world power. However, when Philip uses the diverse pirate crew rather than the pirate ship to symbolize Trinidad, the path to unification and power becomes far less utopic. The second half of this article suggests that Philip presents the pirate captain as a strong brown leader capable of ruling the people, in part through his strategic use of carnivalistic “days of pleasure”. Using the safety-valve theory of carnival, I suggest that the days of pleasure aboard the Black Schooner actually reproduce contemporary social and racial inequalities. Thus, Philip harnesses the disruptive power of carnival to construct a powerful critique of British colonialism, but also, in a far less liberating way, views the “days of pleasure” as a mechanism to control and subdue the people.
Urban Young Adults’ Adaptive Functioning
Authors: Forman Leah S. , Liebschutz Jane M. , Rose-Jacobs Ruth , Richardson Mark A. , Cabral Howard J. , Heeren Timothy C. , Frank Deborah A.
Published: March 2017

Research on the association between prenatal substance exposures and adaptive functioning among young adults is limited, with inconsistent conclusions. In a prospective longitudinal study of 138 urban young adults, prenatal substance exposures were identified at birth from maternal self-report, urine screens, and/or infant meconium. At follow-up between ages 18 and 24 years, masked interviewers assessed level of adaptive functioning, a composite indicator comprising five domains: education, housing, adolescent pregnancy, arrest history, and employment. A significant negative association was found between prenatal tobacco exposure and adaptive functioning, particularly among females with heavier exposure. This association with heavier, but not lighter, prenatal tobacco exposure is consistent with a neuroteratologic explanation, but other, non-biological explanations cannot be ruled out. No statistically significant associations were observed between prenatal cocaine, marijuana, or low-moderate alcohol exposure and young adult adaptive functioning.
The Long Road to Farewell: The Needs of Families With Dying Children
Authors: Cacciatore Joanne , Thieleman Kara , Lieber Angela S. , Blood Cybele , Goldman Rachel
Published: March 2017

Families of dying children are profoundly impacted by numerous interactions with health-care providers before, during, and after their child’s death. However, there is a dearth of research on these families’ direct, qualitative experiences with health-care providers. This study presents findings from interviews with 18 family members, predominantly parents, regarding their experiences with health-care providers during a child’s terminal illness, from diagnosis to death. The importance of compassion emerged as a salient theme, manifested in myriad ways, and connected to participants’ perception of caregiver presence in multiple domains. Families were likewise negatively affected by a wide variety of situations and behaviors that represented individual or institutional abandonment or nonpresence, and thus compounded the experience of loss. Specifics and implications for practice are explored.
Visualization of vascular mural cells in developing brain using genetically labeled transgenic reporter mice
Authors: Jung Bongnam , Arnold Thomas D , Raschperger Elisabeth , Gaengel Konstantin , Betsholtz Christer
Published: March 2017

The establishment of a fully functional blood vascular system requires elaborate angiogenic and vascular maturation events in order to fulfill organ-specific anatomical and physiological needs. Although vascular mural cells, i.e. pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells, are known to play fundamental roles during these processes, their characteristics during vascular development remain incompletely understood. In this report, we utilized transgenic reporter mice in which mural cells are genetically labeled to examine developing vascular mural cells in the central nervous system (CNS). We found platelet-derived growth factor receptor β gene ( Pdgfrb)-driven EGFP reporter expression as a suitable marker for vascular mural cells at the earliest stages of mouse brain vascularization. Furthermore, the combination of Pdgfrb and NG2 gene (Cspg4) driven reporter expression increased the specificity of brain vascular mural cell labeling at later stages. The expression of other known pericyte markers revealed time-, region- and marker-specific patterns, suggesting heterogeneity in mural cell maturation. We conclude that transgenic reporter mice provide an important tool to explore the development of CNS pericytes in health and disease.
Predictors of Intervention Success in a Sports-Based Program for Adolescents at Risk of Juvenile Delinquency
Authors: Spruit Anouk , van der Put Claudia , van Vugt Eveline , Stams Geert Jan
Published: March 2017

To prevent juvenile delinquency, there is growing interest in the use of sports-based interventions. To date, there is little empirical research that provides insights into for whom, how, and when sports-based crime prevention programs are most effective. Therefore, the current study assessed which youth, coach, and context factors were predictive of change in risk factors and protective factors for delinquency in a sports-based crime prevention program for at-risk adolescents. Participants ( N = 155) and their teachers filled in questionnaires about risk and protective factors for delinquency at the start of the intervention and 13 months later. In addition, the coaches and participants filled in questionnaires about the predictors of intervention success. The youths showed significant improvements over the course of the intervention. Various youth, coach, and context factors (e.g., the type of education of youth and the sociomoral climate at the sports club) were associated to change in the outcome variables.
Feasibility testing of the Occupational Adaptation Practice Guide
Authors: Boone Anna E , George-Paschal Lorrie A
Published: March 2017

Introduction

The theory of occupational adaptation was articulated with an emphasis on client-centered and occupation-based practice. The Occupational Adaptation Practice Guide is an instrument designed to facilitate therapists’ application of this theory in evaluation and treatment planning to influence clients’ internal occupational adaptation and participation in daily life.

Method

The purpose of this study was to trial the instrument and to assess percentage of agreement and perceived feasibility of the Occupational Adaptation Practice Guide in an inpatient rehabilitation setting. Eight therapists completed the Occupational Adaptation Practice Guide according to a videoed case study for evaluation of percentage of agreement. Each therapist then administered the guide to separate clients and subsequently completed an open-ended questionnaire to assess acceptability and practicality feasibility.

Results

Percentage of agreement was 100% for motor control, perception and environmental ratings, with the cognition and psychosocial ratings each at 75%. Themes gathered from qualitative data revealed perceptions of the instrument as comprehensive and efficient.

Conclusion

The instrument was reported to be an efficient, thorough tool that facilitated the use of the theory of occupational adaptation.
Evidence-based interventions involving occupational therapists are needed in re-ablement for older community-living people: A systematic review
Authors: Pettersson Cecilia , Iwarsson Susanne
Published: March 2017

Introduction

Re-ablement services are in a period of strong development, but the terms and definitions used remain unclear, and the scientific evidence is still weak. The aim of this systematic review was to obtain an overview of the scientific literature in this evolving research area, and investigate whether there is scientific evidence for positive effects of re-ablement services for older community-living people.

Method

The systematic literature search was conducted in the databases CINAHL, PubMed and Svemed+(Swemed) and covered the years 2000–2014. Owing to the heterogeneity in the included studies, a narrative synthesis was performed.

Results

Eight original publications were found eligible and included in the systematic review. When addressed, terms and definitions varied among the papers. Effects such as less use of home care, higher likelihood to live at home, improved activities of daily living (ADL) skills, quality of life and physical health, increased physical activity and lower costs compared to conventional home care were reported.

Conclusion

More high-quality research is needed to strengthen the evidence-base regarding re-ablement services. The specific roles of various professional and staff groups are often insufficiently described, as are the interventions as such, and there is a lack of attention to person-centered aspects such as the meaningfulness of the specific activities.
Jacques Le Goff's Presence in India: A Very Personal Tribute
Authors: Mukhia Harbans
Published: March 2017

This paper pays a scholarly and personal tribute to Jacques Le Goff from the perspective of Indian historians. The introduction of the “New History” into India is traced back to its origins, showing the importance it had for the evolution of India's scholarship in history and the personal bonds that were created in course of time between Indian and French historians, with a special focus on Jacques Le Goff.
Influence of halloysite nanotubes and intumescent flame retardant on mechanical and thermal properties of 80/20 (wt/wt) PP/ABS blend and their composites in the presence of dual compatibilizer
Authors: Saheb SMD Mastan , Tambe Pankaj , Malathi M
Published: March 2017

Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and intumescent flame retardant (IFR)-filled 80/20 (wt/wt) polypropylene/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (PP/ABS) blend and their composites in the presence of dual compatibilizer have been prepared using twin screw extruder followed by injection molding. There exists the formation of α- and β-form of PP crystals in addition to enhancement in crystallinity of PP phase by an addition of HNTs and IFR in 80/20 (wt/wt) PP/ABS blend and their composites in the presence of dual compatibilizer. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals the formation of matrix-droplet morphology, and the dispersion of HNTs and IFR in 80/20 (wt/wt) PP/ABS blend and its composites in the presence of dual compatibilizer results in a refinement in matrix-droplet morphology. This has resulted in an enhancement in tensile and impact properties of HNTs- and IFR-filled 80/20 (wt/wt) PP/ABS blend and their composites in the presence of dual compatibilizer. Thermal stability also increases by an addition of HNTs and IFR in 80/20 (wt/wt) PP/ABS blend and their composites in the presence of dual compatibilizer due to formation of intumescent char.
The Household Level Determinants in the Choice and Level of Migration
Authors: Chakraborty Debasis , Kuri Pravat Kumar
Published: March 2017

Migration decision making of the household is an important dimension in migration literature as it involves the socio-economic factors of both source and destination places. This study is an endeavour to conceptualize the determinants of choice and level of migration in household migration decision making. It captures both the single location and multiple locations destination option that a prospective migrating family faces while taking migration decision. Applying Heckman two-step technique and McFadden’s maximum likelihood multinomial logit model, the study found that factors like experience of the family head, schooling level of the family, income of the family, income differences in post- and pre-migration situation, village networking etc., are the major factors in family migration decision making.
Provision, protection or participation? Approaches to regulating children’s television in Arab countries
Authors: Sakr Naomi
Published: March 2017

Free-to-air channels for Arabic-speaking children expanded alongside the emergence of a few Arab national regulatory agencies with varying degrees of independence from government and powers that could potentially influence children’s channels. Even so, the rationales that inform production and acquisition of children’s screen content in the region remain far from transparent, beyond rhetoric about protecting children from material that ‘breaches cultural boundaries and values’. Drawing on theoretical literature that highlights regulation’s effect on policy, and links the principles of provision, protection and participation in relation to children’s media, this article compares regulatory discourses and practices revealed in the documents and speeches of Arab regulators, broadcasters and independent production companies. It finds that, with some exceptions, only the latter advocate measures that look beyond a narrow interpretation of ‘protection’. A dominant consensus around the narrow vision seems to stand in the way of developing more stimulating approaches to regulation.
CD169 is a marker for highly pathogenic phagocytes in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Bogie Jeroen FJ , Boelen Ellen , Louagie Els , Delputte Peter , Elewaut Dirk , van Horssen Jack , Hendriks Jerome JA , Hellings Niels
Published: March 2017

Background:

Phagocytes, such as macrophages and microglia, are key effector cells in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). It is widely accepted that they instigate and promote neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative events in MS. An increasing amount of studies indicate that Siglec-1, also known CD169, is a marker for activated phagocytes in inflammatory disorders.

Objective:

In this study, we set out to define how CD169+ phagocytes contribute to neuroinflammation in MS.

Methods:

CD169-diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR) mice, which express human DTR under control of the CD169 promoter, were used to define the impact of CD169+ cells on neuroinflammation. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry were utilized to determine the expression and distribution of CD169.

Results:

We show that CD169 is highly expressed by lesional and circulating phagocytes in MS and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Our data further indicate that CD169 represents a selective marker for early activated microglia in MS and EAE lesions. Depletion of CD169+ cells markedly reduced neuroinflammation and ameliorated disease symptoms in EAE-affected mice.

Conclusion:

Our findings indicate that CD169+ cells promote neuroinflammation. Furthermore, they suggest that CD169+ phagocytes play a key role in the pathophysiology of MS. Hence, targeting CD169+ phagocytes may hold therapeutic value for MS.
Flexibility and Security: A Feasible Combination?
Authors: Klosse Saskia
Published: March 2017

EU Member States are expected to modernise traditional frameworks for social protection in ways that promote economic growth. If organised in this way, social protection will help to create social capital and an inclusive society open to all.1 This trend is closely linked to the EU ambition to create a harmonious mixture of economic and social policies in order to enhance greater economic flexibility without abandoning the EU's core values of solidarity, social justice and social rights. A common EU strategy has been developed to assist Member States in developing this modern approach to social protection. This article explores the possible impact of this EU strategy. It argues that the European ambition to establish a harmonious mixture of economic and social policies has various weaknesses, which may hinder its successful realisation. If not addressed in an appropriate way, the intended harmonious mixture may eventually result in diminished levels of social protection and social rights.
Articles Originally Presented at the Eiss Conference on Federalism and Subsidiarity in Social Security in Rome, September 2004: Old-Age Benefits and Decentralisation: The Spanish Case in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Carbonell Jesús Ruiz-Huerta , Pulido José M. Díaz
Published: March 2017

The decentralisation of social security in general, and old-age pensions in particular, has been proposed by several nationalist parties in Spain. The purpose of this article is to analyse the rationality of this proposal, taking into account efficiency and equity issues. It is divided into four sections. The first introductory section reviews the most important literature on fiscal federalism, applying it to pensions. The second section analyses the division of competencies in Spanish old-age benefits, focusing specifically on legal aspects. The third describes the degree of decentralisation of public transfers for the elderly in several countries: Belgium, Canada, Germany, the United States and the United Kingdom. The final section evaluates the current Spanish system, considers the possibility of decentralisation in the light of economic efficiency, territorial equity and lessons learnt from other federal countries, and examines the evolution of the principal quantitative variables regarding the old-age pensions in the different Autonomous Regions.
The “other” EU Security: Social Protection
Authors: Minderhoud Paul
Published: March 2017

This paper focuses on the issue of social security in the EU as a different kind of security. It addresses four topics: the reluctance of the Member States to give up their legislative power to harmonise their social security systems within the European Union; the use of social security as a means of excluding unwanted immigrants; the social security protection of TCNs in EU legislation; and the possibilities of Article 14 European Convention of Human Rights, which prohibits discrimination, securing the entitlement to social security rights of TCNs. It concludes that the state's duty to provide security is no longer an exclusive privilege for own citizens and that the changing legal framework of citizenship in the European Union, the European Convention of Human Rights and the acquisition of EU residence rights by TCNs all challenge the sovereignty argument used by the individual states.
Third-Country Nationals and the European Coordination of Social Security
Authors: Cornelissen Rob
Published: March 2017

The Community Regulations on the coordination of social security systems provide a high standard of protection for people moving within the EU. For a long time, third country national workers have been excluded from this protection. This article shows that the explanation for this exclusion is to be found in the legal basis of the Community Regulations. The article also demonstrates how recent developments in the legal basis and in the case law of the Court have paved the way for the extension of the current Regulation 1408/71 to third-country nationals. Regulation 859/2003 offers third-country nationals, in the field of social security, the same protection as EU citizens moving within the EU. However, this extension is subject to two conditions. For this reason, a considerable number of third-country nationals legally residing in a Member State do not benefit from equal treatment as nationals in the host State. The article clarifies why some categories of third-country nationals do have a EU level guarantee of equal treatment, even when there is no cross-border element between two Member States, while other categories have not. Regulation 883/2004 will soon replace regulation 1408/71, which is currently in place. One of the main improvements of the latter is its personal scope: it will apply all EU nationals who are insured under national law, including non-active people. Special attention is paid to the consequences of the replacement of Regulation 1408/71 by Regulation 883/2004 for third-country nationals.
Family Policy and Shared Parenting in Nordic Countries
Authors: Hakovirta Mia , Rantalaiho Minna
Published: March 2017

Increasing diversity in patterns of responsibility for the raising of children in families has presented serious challenges for welfare states. More complex family ties raise questions about the types of responsibility and obligation that should follow from different forms of private relationship, and the role the welfare state should play in governing family life. In this article, we compare how family policies in Finland, Norway and Sweden define parental responsibilities for supporting a child when its parents do not live together. We are particularly interested in whether the principle of Nordic family policy, shared parenting, operates when parents do not live together but raise their child together. Do parents have an opportunity, for example, to share family policy benefits, and if they have, what are the conditions under which this can be realised? Comparative examination shows variation between the logistics of Nordic family policies. Norwegian and Swedish family policy systems are flexible, and family policy there enables parents to share benefits in a way that supports shared residential arrangements. In Finland, however, the situation of parents living apart but sharing the daily care of their child has been given insufficient attention and family policy has still not been developed.
Public and Social Security Officials' Attributions of Poverty in Finland
Authors: Niemelä Mikko
Published: March 2017

This article compares attributions for poverty among public and social security officials in Finland. The main question is: how similar or dissimilar are the perceptions of social security officials and citizens regarding the reasons for poverty? The article explores whether attributions for poverty vary between different categories of the poor - immigrants, families with children and retirees. The data derive from two e-mail surveys conducted in Finland in 2008. The results are as follows: first, there are significant differences between the public and social security officials. The public is more likely than the social security officials to attribute individual behaviour or society as causes of poverty. Second, the class affiliation of social security officials cannot explain their distinctive attributions, and thus it is suggested that their profession and professional values explain their perceptions of the causes of poverty. Third, both groups share distinctive causal beliefs when it comes to the different categories of the poor.
Towards Minimum Income Protection in Europe: Budgetary and Political Obstacles to Overcome
Authors: Cantillon Bea , Verschueren Herwig , Van Mechelen Natascha
Published: March 2017

A commonly heard proposal in academic and policy circles alike is for the introduction of an obligation for all Member States to guarantee a dignified minimum income to their citizens. The accelerated integration that has taken place over the past two decades, the consistent and repeated presence of the necessity of adequate minimum income protection in European political discourse, and the EU2020 poverty targets strongly suggest that, if a decisive step is ever made towards binding measures in the field of social security, then it is quite likely to involve arrangements regarding minimum incomes. In this article we consider the impact of the introduction of such an arrangement at the European level. We identify four obstacles to overcome. First is the uncertainty over the most appropriate way of defining an adequate minimum income. Secondly, the budgetary burden of raising social assistance benefits would be quite substantial, especially in the poorer Member States. Thirdly, improving minimum income protection for the unemployed would generate significant unemployment traps. Finally, it is argued that the legal, and especially the political, feasibility of a Directive on Minimum Income that would be legally binding for the Member States remains highly uncertain. We therefore conclude that, given the great heterogeneity between countries, any binding instrument on minimum income will have to be worded flexibly, introduced gradually, and implemented in unison with a convergence in activation measures and minimum wages. Arguably, in this context, priority should be given to measures aimed at covering the minimum costs of child-rearing, restricted in an initial phase to guaranteeing to all families with children an income equal to 40 per cent of median standardised income.
Fighting Social Exclusion under EU Horizon 2020. Enhancing the Legal Enforceability of the Social Inclusion Recommendations?
Authors: Schoukens Paul , Smets Joris Beke
Published: March 2017

In this article, we take a closer look at EU policy to promote social inclusion in the framework of the Europe 2020 strategy. Concretely the legal consequences of the incorporation of social inclusion in the employment guidelines will be addressed. Since the employment guidelines are now connected in a structural way to the economic guidelines, we take a closer look at the monitoring procedures that accompany the implementation of these economic guidelines. Furthermore we test the potential legal consequences of the integrated approach by unravelling (the formulation of) the social inclusion-related Country Specific Recommendations.

A first legal consequence relates to the question of the extent to which the harder sanctioning tools, which have been developed for controlling the EU's economic recommendations, can be similarly applied to the guidelines relating to social inclusion (such as the application of EU fines in cases when recommendations are not followed up by states). In our opinion there is a spill-over effect only in relation to social inclusion recommendations that have sufficient economic or budgetary relevance (‘social inclusion recommendations of the negative kind’, supporting economic or budgetary goals). In other words, social inclusion recommendations that support only social objectives do not enjoy the stronger legal effects of the integrated monitoring approach. From analysis of the concrete Country Specific Recommendations we demonstrate that the incorporation of social inclusion into the employment guidelines has two additional consequences. On the one hand, social inclusion recommendations are nowadays formulated mainly in terms of employment objectives. On the other hand, the link with social inclusion also has implications for recommendations in the field of employment and economy that should not be to the detriment of social inclusion. In this way the horizontal clause of art. 9 TFEU seems to extend to non-legislative measures, such as the guidelines developed in socio-economic monitoring processes.
Towards Cross-Country Comparable Reference Budgets in Europe: First Results of a Concerted Effort
Authors: Goedemé Tim , Storms Bérénice , Stockman Sara , Penne Tess , Van den Bosch Karel
Published: March 2017

In Europe, reference budgets are increasingly recognised as a helpful tool for policy making and monitoring. If developed in a cross-country comparable way, reference budgets could, in addition, prove to be useful for cross-national learning and contextualising the EU social indicators. However, current reference budgets are not comparable across countries. In this article we report on the first results of a concerted effort to construct comparable reference budgets for adequate social participation in Antwerp, Athens, Barcelona, Budapest, Helsinki and Milan. We start from a single theoretical and methodological framework and carefully track differences in institutional settings, climate, culture, and the availability and prices of goods and services that justify crosscountry variations in the contents and levels of reference budgets. Results indicate that adequate social participation requires access to different goods and services in the six cities, but that, at the same time, the needs to be fulfilled are rather similar, such that the variation in the level of reference budgets is less than what would be expected on the basis of differences in median household incomes. Results also show that constructing comparable reference budgets requires substantial and intensive coordination. We suggest directions in which our approach to their construction could be improved.