bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Proteomics of MASLD Progression: Insights From Functional Analysis to Drive the Development of New Therapeutic Solutions
Authors: Pirola Carlos José , Fernández Gianotti Tomas , Sookoian Silvia
Published: January 2025

Background

Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the leading chronic liver disease worldwide, with alarming prevalence reaching epidemic proportions.

Aims and Methods

The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive review of the latest blood proteomics studies on MASLD and metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis (MASH), with emphasis on fibrosis. Furthermore, our objective is to conduct an analysis of protein pathways and interactions by integrating proteomics data using functional enrichment analysis of the deregulated proteins.

Results

Notwithstanding the considerable discrepancies in the methodology and the number of proteins examined in the circulation, the analysis reveals a consistent pattern among the list of proteins that are decreased or increased in the blood of the affected patients. The relevant biological processes (BP) associated with down‐ and upregulated proteins are high‐density lipoprotein remodelling and complement activation, respectively. The protein families identified include not only those expected to be involved in the immune system and cell adhesion and migration but also ligands of glycoproteins expressed in cells that have been subjected to stress and proteins containing the Sushi domain.

Conclusions

The application of cutting‐edge methodologies to investigate the blood proteome in MASH is yielding insights that facilitate the elucidation of disease mechanisms and the identification of optimal noninvasive biomarkers. However, several challenges remain to be addressed in future research, including the generalisation of results on a global scale, the optimisation of analytical technologies and the implementation of large longitudinal studies to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms that underpin the development of advanced disease.
Comparison of Short‐Term Outcomes of Colorectal Cancer Surgery Performed by Male and Female Surgeons: A Japanese Multicenter Study
Authors: Ono Rika , Tominaga Tetsuro , Nonaka Takashi , Shiraishi Toshio , Hashimoto Shintaro , Noda Keisuke , Araki Masato , Sumida Yorihisa , Takeshita Hiroaki , Fukuoka Hidetoshi , Oyama Shosaburo , Ishimaru Kazuhide , Matsumoto Keitaro
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The number of female doctors is increasing worldwide, but the percentage of female general surgeons and gastrointestinal surgeons remains low, at only 6% in Japan. Furthermore, in rural areas, the number of doctors is small and training opportunities are limited, and training in surgical techniques is reportedly inadequate compared with urban areas. This study examined the current status and surgical outcomes of colorectal cancer surgery by surgeon sex using a multicenter database in a Japanese rural area.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 3440 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic colorectal surgery in six participating hospitals between April 2016 and March 2023. Clinical and perioperative outcomes were compared between patients who underwent surgery by a male surgeon (M group; n = 3142) or by a female surgeon (F group; n = 298).

Results

Years of experience as a doctor was significantly shorter (M group vs. F group: 12 years vs. 9 years, p < 0.001), frequency of participation of an expert surgeon was higher (79.9% vs. 89.9%, p = 0.038), frequency of preoperative treatment was lower (8.2% vs. 2.3%, p < 0.001), clinical T status was lower (p = 0.011), and re‐operation rate was lower (3.1% vs. 1.0%, p = 0.045) in the F group. Multivariate analysis of clinical factors predicting postoperative severe complications revealed comorbidities (odds ratio 1.442, 95% confidence interval 1.045–1.990, p = 0.025) as an independent predictor of severe postoperative complications but not the presence of a female surgeon.

Conclusion

Female surgeons in our study achieved comparable short‐term outcomes to male surgeons, including for laparoscopic procedures. Establishing an educational system in rural areas could provide improved surgical techniques.
Karyotype and phenotype association in Turner syndrome with non‐mosaic X chromosome structural rearrangements: Systematic review
Authors: Tanoshima Miki , Tanoshima Reo , Takase Hajime , Yamamoto Daisuke , Aoki Shigeru , Sakakibara Hideya , Miyagi Etsuko
Published: January 2025

Turner syndrome is a chromosomal disorder, characterized by the partial or total deletion of one X chromosome, resulting in various karyotypes that presumably lead to different phenotypes. However, most studies find it difficult to predict phenotypes from karyotypes due to the presence of mosaicism. The purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship between karyotype and phenotype in Turner syndrome with non‐mosaic X chromosome structural rearrangements. A systematic literature search was conducted using Medline and Embase classics plus Embase between 1947 and September 2023. A total of 487 Turner women with non‐mosaic X chromosome structural rearrangements were included from the 69 studies. The prevalence of short stature was 72.4% in Turner syndrome with non‐mosaic X chromosome structural rearrangements, 80.1% in the short arm deletion group (del (Xp)), 75% in the del(X)(p22.3) group, 65.8% in the del(X)(p21) and del(X)(p22) group, and 37.5% (20%–66.7%) in the long arm deletion group (del(Xq)). The prevalence of ovarian dysfunction was 78.8% in Turner syndrome with non‐mosaic X chromosome structural rearrangements, 72.5% in the del (Xp) group, 27.6% in the del (X)(p22.3) group, 33.3% in the del (X)(p21) and del(X)(p22) group, and 94.6% in the del (Xq) group. The recognition of X chromosome breakpoints is useful in the management of Turner syndrome complications, since some phenotypes are unique depending on the deletion region. Ovarian dysfunction is significantly related to karyotype, so the identification of karyotypes in Turner syndrome is important for managing ovarian dysfunction and predicting future fertility.
Influence of the relaxation behaviour of polyester molecular chains in supercritical carbon dioxide fluid on dyeing performance
Authors: Wu Wei , Fan Bo , Zhou Qingqing , Zhao Qingyong , Zhong Yi , Xu Hong , Wang Jian , Mao Zhiping
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the mechanism of dye uptake in supercritical carbon dioxide fluid (ScCO2) by examining fibre swelling and molecular chain relaxation. The swelling rate of 30 D/3 Fila polyester fibres was tested under varying temperatures and pressures using a high‐temperature and high‐pressure in situ imaging platform. The swelling rate increased with temperature and pressure, but the rate of increase slowed above 100°C. The Williams–Landel–Ferry equation was used to analyse the relationship between the thermal relaxation of polyester macromolecular chains and dye uptake at high pressure (27 MPa) during ScCO2 dyeing. For dyes with poor solubility, dyeing behaviour above 100°C aligns closely with the free volume diffusion model. Conversely, for dyes with good solubility, dyeing behaviour follows the free volume diffusion model within the 50‐100°C range and reaches equilibrium above 100°C.
Insights on proton‐conducting ceramic electrochemical cell fabrication
Authors: Meisel Charlie , Huang Jake D. , Kim You‐Dong , Stockburger Sophia , O'Hayre Ryan , Sullivan Neal P.
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the key factors influencing sintering behavior and grain growth in (BCZYYb4411)–NiO negatrodes and BCZYYb electrolytes for protonic ceramic electrochemical cells (PCECs). Elastic net machine learning models are applied to a dataset of nearly 200 individual PCEC button cells fabricated over the course of more than 3 years to identify the key processing parameters that significantly affect negatrode shrinkage and electrolyte grain growth. The shrinkage rate of the BCZYYb4411–NiO negatrode is primarily governed by the solid‐state sintering behavior. Higher sintering temperatures, longer dwell times, and smaller NiO particle size are the primary determinants that lead to greater shrinkage. New or lightly‐used setters and more compact negatrodes are also found to increase shrinkage. Electrolyte grain growth is chiefly controlled by the liquid‐phase sintering of the BCZYYb phase. Increased cerium content on the B‐site leads to the largest enhancement in grain size, followed by increasing maximum sintering temperature. We find that the parameters used to tune the spray deposition of the electrolyte layer are also critical, with wetter and more uniform sprays promoting grain enlargement. Finally, we find that the sintering environment (e.g. presence/absence of sintering neighbors or sacrificial powders and the ambient humidity level) also substantially impacts both shrinkage and grain growth. This work comprehensively analyzes data from nearly 200 PCECs without “success bias,” meaning that poor performers and fabrication failures were included in the analysis. By doing so, the study provides valuable insight into the critical factors controlling shrinkage and grain growth in BCZYYb‐based PCECs. The findings offer foundational guidance for processing optimization that could lead to better repeatability, increased yields, and higher performance.
Periodontal Probing Depth Trajectory in 10 Years of Follow‐Up as Associated With Tooth Loss
Authors: Meisel Peter , Völzke Henry , Kocher Thomas
Published: January 2025

Aim

To elucidate whether ranked probing depth (PD) data translate into ranked PD outcomes after 10 years of follow‐up and the associated tooth loss.

Materials and Methods

From the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP‐START), all participants were retrospectively included with complete PD measurements in both baseline and 10‐year follow‐up, comprising 1887 participants. The trajectory of percentile‐based quintiles of mean PD measurements was followed.

Results

Quintiles of mean PD at baseline were, in a dose dependent manner, associated with the number of teeth at baseline, number of teeth after 10 years and involved risk of tooth loss. The trajectory of membership to individual PD quintiles indicated that the majority of participants remained in or near their baseline quintile after reaching the 10‐year end analysis. Periodontal risk factors assessed at baseline continued to affect PD outcomes at follow‐up. Two categories of tooth loss were identified: 1–2 teeth lost versus ≥ 3 teeth and differentiated by baseline PD.

Conclusion

PD severity ranked within this population translates, in a dose‐dependent manner, to follow‐up tooth loss even after many years. This underlines the prospective importance of pocket probing in the dental practice. Ranked PD offers a simple measure to identify patients at high risk of tooth loss.
Diversify or Concentrate? Supply Chain Responses to Policy Uncertainty
Authors: Namdar Jafar , Modi Sachin , Blackhurst Jennifer
Published: January 2025

This study examines how firms adjust their sourcing decisions due to variations in policy uncertainty. Some studies recommend diversification to manage uncertainty, whereas others argue it complicates supply chains and favors onshoring instead. The theoretical ambiguity surrounding appropriate responses to domestic and upstream policy uncertainty necessitates empirical investigation. Therefore, the study assesses how domestic and upstream policy uncertainty influences a focal firm's decisions to restructure its supply chain along two dimensions: (a) onshoring/offshoring and (b) geographical diversification/concentration. The study's empirical evidence suggests that managers decrease the ratio of onshore suppliers and diversify their supply base geographically in response to heightened upstream policy uncertainty affecting suppliers. Although domestic policy uncertainty does not significantly affect firms' decisions to adjust their supply base structure, a post hoc analysis reveals that firms are likely to bring suppliers onshore when domestic policy uncertainty is very low. The study also documents that firms are more sensitive to upstream policy uncertainty than to domestic policy uncertainty. Upstream policy uncertainty, rather than domestic uncertainty, is the primary driver of adjustments to supply chain structure.
Petrologic characterization of CO3.0 chondrites: Implications for 60Fe‐60Ni analyses
Authors: Telus Myriam , Wickland Tyler D. , Kim Kyle , Simon Steven
Published: January 2025

Samples in which Fe and Ni isotopes have not been disturbed by secondary processing are essential for constraining the initial solar system abundance of short‐lived radionuclide 60Fe, (60Fe/56Fe)SS. However, Fe‐ and Ni‐enriched veins and fractures within chondrules in unequilibrated ordinary chondrites (UOCs) imply late‐stage open‐system alteration that poses a potential problem for both bulk and in situ 60Fe‐60Ni systematics. This study focuses on petrologic characterization of CO3.0s, which show significantly less secondary alteration than UOCs, potentially making them better targets for studying 60Fe‐60Ni systematics. We determined the petrologic type of several CO3.0 meteorites with two independent approaches, Raman spectroscopy of matrix material and Cr2O3 content of FeO‐rich olivine grains. CO3 chondrites analyzed in this study range from 3.00 to 3.2 in petrologic type with slight variations between results from the two different methods. Upon analyzing two thin sections of DOM 08006, one of the most pristine CO3 chondrites known, we found a chemically anomalous region, indicative of parent body hydrothermal alteration. Using the X‐ray fluorescence microscopy beamline at the Australian Synchrotron, we collected high‐resolution quantitative element maps to evaluate Fe and Ni mobilization for several CO3.0s. These results indicate that late‐stage Fe and Ni mobilization like that observed in UOC samples is minor for most CO3 chondrites, highly localized and mostly limited to chondrule rims. Our results support that CO3.0s are well suited for further investigation of 60Fe‐60Ni systematics and that detailed characterization of both the petrologic type and late‐stage Fe and Ni mobilization of samples is important for further development of this short‐lived radionuclide system.
A finiteness theorem for universal m$m$‐gonal forms
Authors: Kim Byeong Moon , Park Dayoon
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we study the universal ‐gonal forms. More precisely, we study the growth of the size of the finite set ( asymptotically increases as increases) which characterize the universality of ‐gonal forms.
Optimizing Battery Maintenance and Reliability in Ground Control Station for Tethered High-Altitude Platforms
Authors: Arya P. S. , Rangaswamy Manikandan , Krishnamoorthy A. , Dharmaraja S.
Published: January 2025

This paper presents an integrated system for ensuring uninterrupted power supply to tethered high-altitude platform systems (HAPS) by strategically managing the repair and replenishment of batteries in a k-out-of-n:G, COLD system. We assume that the batteries are identical and their lifetimes are independent of each other and exponentially distributed. The batteries deteriorate independently due to failures and await repair. The repair facility is activated when the number of working batteries decreases to L (L<n), and a replenishment order for n−k+1 batteries is placed when the number of operational batteries falls to N (N<L). We derive an explicit solution for the system-state probability and analyze key performance measures. Furthermore, we employ the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to determine the optimal cost for the proposed optimization problem and use the Morris method for sensitivity analysis. The results provide insights into efficient battery management strategies for HAPS, ensuring reliable power supply while minimizing costs.
Comparison Analysis on the Hydraulic Performance and Flow Characteristics on a Reactor Coolant Pump Under Rated Operating Condition Between Lead–Bismuth Eutectic and Water Mediums
Authors: Lu Shangxiang , Jiang Huimeng , Wu Peng , Huang Bin , Wu Dazhuan
Published: January 2025

Advanced Generation IV nuclear reactors aim to enhance the sustainability, passive safety, reliability, and economic efficiency of reactor operations. Within that, the reactor coolant pump is a critical component in the reactor's cooling system, due to the unique characteristics of the transported medium, posing challenges for engineering applications. This study focuses on a mixed-flow nuclear reactor coolant pump, indicating that significant differences in hydraulic performance and flow characteristics arise due to the varying flow Reynolds numbers under identical operating conditions for the two mediums. Research employing quantitative analysis of boundary layer friction losses and flow separation-induced flow blockage elucidates the origins of hydraulic performance differences. Subsequent studies focusing on the flow characteristics within the impeller reveal that, while the flow patterns inside the impeller show no fundamental differences, an increase in Reynolds number intensifies flow slippage phenomenon, partially diminishing the impeller's work capability. Analysis in static components indicates that the stronger centrifugal forces lead to increased nonuniformity in flow distribution within the guide vanes and an amplified wake phenomenon within the outlet pipe.
Wear Characteristics of Dissimilar SDSS 2507–IN 718 Parts Fabricated by Cold Metal Transfer-Based Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Prasad Rajendra , Yuvaraj Narayana , Vipin
Published: January 2025

Metals may be efficiently additively manufactured using wire-arc additive manufacturing, often known as Wire-Arc Additive Manufactured (WAAM) process. The use of a cold metal transfer (CMT) machine allows the achievement of the desired outcome due to its low heat input and minimal spatter generation. A single thin-walled structure was created by fabricating Super Duplex Stainless Steel (SDSS) 2507 and Inconel (IN) 718 utilizing a filler wire with a diameter of 1.2 mm. This manuscript presents the summary of wear on the dissimilar alloy wall manufactured using the WAAM technique, subjected to dry sliding under extreme loading conditions. Wear testing was conducted in a dry, unlubricated environment using a standard high-load ball-on-disc tribometer. Wear-rate and coefficient of friction are minimum at low loading conditions for SDSS 2507. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) verified fine element disintegration at the IF without composition change. The microstructure investigation indicates epitaxial grain growth in the build direction and non-equilibrium microstructures in the deposited layer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of SDSS 2507 shows austenite and ferrite in the lower part, while SEM of IN 718 reveals columnar and cellular crystals with white laves phases formed due to the segregation of Nb and Mo elements. Worn surfaces reveal grooving, delamination, delamination cracks, ploughing grooves, parallel grooves, and particle adherence, confirming adhesion and abrasive wear mechanism. The absence of oxygen elements in EDS analysis shows that there is an absence of oxidative wear.
Fretting Wear Behavior of LPBF Ti-6Al-4V Alloy: Influence of Annealing and Anodizing
Authors: Usha Rani S. , Kesavan D. , Ramaseshan R. , Kamaraj M.
Published: January 2025

The present study involves understanding the fretting wear behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy produced by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) under annealed and anodized conditions. The as-built microstructure consists of martensite (α′), which, on subtransus annealing at 850 °C, produces an α + β lamellar structure. The anodized surface forms flaky-like titanium oxide, enhancing the surface's hardness and morphology. Fretting tests were conducted on annealed and anodized samples using specially customized fretting curved contact on a flat surface to simulate the femoral trunnion junction. The as-built alloy exhibited the lowest coefficient of friction (COF), which increased slightly after heat treatment. Anodizing the as-built and heat-treated samples reduced the COF by ∼4.5%, resulting in a reduction of the wear coefficient by ∼37%. The drop in COF is reflected in wear loss and its operating mechanisms. Adhesive wear was identified as the predominant wear mechanism, independent of the material conditions. The results indicate that anodizing effectively improves the wear resistance of LPBF Ti-6Al-4V alloy in both as-built and heat-treated conditions, as evidenced by a lower coefficient of friction, reduced wear loss, and a lower wear coefficient. The wear resistance ranking is as follows: (annealed + anodized) > (as-built + anodized) > (as-built) > (annealed). The subtransus annealing at 850 °C of LPBF Ti-6Al-4V alloy followed by anodizing is highly recommended for improved wear properties.
Transient Performance Study of Compliant Foil Cylindrical Gas Film Seal With Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Chen Yuan , Jiang Aoxiang , Li Yuntang , Li Xiaolu , Wang Bingqing , Jiang Jinbo , Peng Xudong
Published: January 2025

A novel transient solution model for compliant foil cylindrical gas film seal utilizing supercritical carbon dioxide as the medium, taking mass eccentricity into account, has been established under the influence of combined high-speed fluid effects. This study reveals the transient operating mechanism of the seal, investigates the impact of mass eccentricity on transient behavior, analyzes the anti-interference capability of the seal under external excitation, and further determines the structural optimal range. The results show that the seal displays robust anti-interference capabilities in the presence of mass eccentricity and external excitation. The application of unidirectional excitation leads to notable fluctuations in the vicinity of the peaks of eccentricity and mass leakage rates, thereby reducing stability. In contrast, bidirectional excitation has been observed to result in significant fluctuations in sealing performance, which ultimately leads to a degradation in the system's functionality. The optimal sealing stability is achieved when the flexibility coefficient ranges from 0.001 to 0.004 and the length-to-diameter ratio is between 2.0 and 2.5.
Improving the Tribological Behavior of NiTi Alloy via Self-Catalytically Flame Growing Amorphous Carbon Coating
Authors: Zou Jinbin , Wang Xingyao , Du Xusheng
Published: January 2025

In this work, for surface protection of NiTi alloy, an amorphous carbon layer was directly deposited onto it via a self-catalytic flame coating method. The effect of the flame coating time on the physicochemical structure and mechanical hardness of the products was investigated, as well as its friction and wear resistance performance. The Vickers microhardness of the carbon-coated NiTi alloy decreased with the flame coating time, which was identified to be caused by the inherent thermal treatment during the flame coating process. The tribological test results indicated that both the friction coefficient (COF) and specific wear-rate of NiTi alloy were significantly reduced after the flame coating of the alloy. After direct flame treatment of the alloy for 20 min, 82.8% and 91.4% reduction in the COF and specific wear-rate could be achieved, respectively. The wear mechanisms of the coated NiTi alloy were found to be involved with the oxidation wear, adhesive wear, and the carbon transfer film, all of which had an important influence on the friction process. The carbon layer prepared by the flame coating method as a protective layer of NiTi alloy will greatly promote its versatile applications.
Full book download
Authors:   ASME
Published: January 2025

This book is available as a single PDF download.
Front Matter
Authors:   ASME
Published: January 2025

This frontmatter contains the table of contents and is available for free viewing by clicking on the PDF below.

eBook keywords: ASME first annual meeting, engineering history, friction of lubricating oils, heat transfer, machine tools, mechanical engineering, metric system, regenerating metallurgie furnaces, standard sizes screw threads, transactions of ASME.
Etching and fluorination of yttrium oxide (Y2O3) irradiated with fluorine ions or radicals
Authors: Kang Hojun , Ito Tomoko , Um Junghwan , Kokura Hikaru , Cho Sungil , Park Hyunjung , Karahashi Kazuhiro , Hamaguchi Satoshi
Published: January 2025

Surface etching and fluorination of yttria (Y2O3) by energetic fluorine (F) ions and radicals were studied with mass-selected mono-energetic ion beams in an ion energy range of 500–3000 eV and xenon difluoride (XeF2) gas exposure. The etching yields of Y2O3 were evaluated in this energy range and found to be lower than those of silicon dioxide (SiO2). It was also found that, when the ion incident energy was sufficiently low, a small percentage of Y2O3 near its surface was converted to yttrium trifluoride (YF3), rather than yttrium oxyfluoride. However, as the ion incident energy increased, the fraction of yttrium oxyfluoride became dominant and the fractions of Y2O3 and YF3 decreased, indicating that energetic incident F+ ions preferentially removed O atoms and replaced them with F atoms, but also etched YF3 if it formed on the surface. Heating the surface from room temperature to 150 °C did not affect the outcome. The results suggest how fluorination takes place on Y2O3-coated plasma-facing surfaces exposed to F-based reactive plasmas in plasma etching systems.
Filled colloidal gel rheology: Strengthening, stiffening, and tunability
Authors: Jiang Yujie , Cui Yang , Li Yankai , Liu Zhiwei , Ness Christopher , Seto Ryohei
Published: January 2025

Filler-induced strengthening is ubiquitous in materials science and is particularly well-established in polymeric nanocomposites. Despite having similar constituents, colloidal gels with solid filling exhibit distinct rheology, which is of practical interest to industry (e.g., lithium-ion batteries) yet remains poorly understood. We show, using experiments and simulations, that filling monotonically enhances the yield stress (i.e., strength) of colloidal gels while the elastic modulus (i.e., stiffness) first increases and then decreases. The latter softening effect results from a frustrated gel matrix at dense filling, evidenced by a growing interphase pressure. This structural frustration is, however, not detrimental to yielding resistance. Instead, fillers offer additional mechanical support to the gel backbone via percolating force chains, decreasing the yield strain at the same time. We develop a mechanistic picture of this phenomenology that leads us to a novel “filler-removal protocol,” making possible individual control over the strength and brittleness of a composite gel.
Developmental Dynamics of School and Sport Burnout From Upper Secondary School to Early Adulthood Among Student-Athletes
Authors: Heikura Enni E. , Aunola Kaisa , Tolvanen Asko , Selänne Harri , Ryba Tatiana V.
Published: January 2025

Burnout is a significant concern for student-athletes, affecting both their academic and athletic performance. This study examined the developmental dynamics of school and sport burnout among Finnish student-athletes across upper secondary school and into early adulthood. Using a structural equation modeling framework with the Cholesky decomposition method, we found that higher levels of school burnout at the beginning of upper secondary school predicted higher levels of sport burnout at later time points. School burnout in the final year of upper secondary school was found to predict higher sport burnout in early adulthood. Although no differences were observed in the development of burnout between sexes or sport types, females experienced consistently higher levels of sport burnout than males, and individual sports athletes reported more burnout than those in team sports during their final year. Early interventions targeting school burnout are essential to reducing sport burnout in transitioning student-athletes.
The Use of Virtual Reality Technology in the Modern System of Teaching Tai Chi Chuan: Features and Specifics
Authors: Xue Chunlei , Bai Huizhong , Niu Yunfei , Zhang Ruijie
Published: January 2025

Purpose: The objective of this article is to investigate the influence of virtual reality (VR) technology utilization in the contemporary teaching system of Tai Chi Chuan on students’ proficiency levels. Method: The research involved 315 participants. The research methodology encompassed preliminary assessment of students through tests measuring motivation and Tai Chi Chuan skills levels, followed by the implementation of experimental training utilizing VR for one group and traditional training for another. Results: Following the completion of the experiment, the use of VR resulted in a statistically significant enhancement of proficiency levels (p < .01) and motivation compared to traditional teaching methods. Discussion/Conclusion: The described approach may have a broader impact on the field of physical education, as VR enables a more interactive and efficient study of complex movements and techniques. This, in turn, can improve educational programs and make training more accessible and diverse, thereby contributing to enhanced performance and increased student engagement.
Canadian forests are more conducive to high-severity fires in recent decades
Authors: Wang Weiwei , Wang Xianli , Flannigan Mike D. , Guindon Luc , Swystun Tom , Castellanos-Acuna Dante , Wu Wanli , Wang Guangyu
Published: January 2025

Canada has experienced more-intense and longer fire seasons with more-frequent uncontrollable wildfires over the past decades. However, the effect of these changes remains unknown. This study identifies driving forces of burn severity and estimates its spatiotemporal variations in Canadian forests. Our results show that fuel aridity was the most influential driver of burn severity, summer months were more prone to severe burning, and the northern areas were most influenced by the changing climate. About 6% (0.54 to 14.64%) of the modeled areas show significant increases in the number of days conducive to high-severity burning during 1981 to 2020, most of which were found during 2001 to 2020 and in the spring and autumn. The extraordinary 2023 fire season demonstrated similar spatial patterns but more-widespread escalations in burn severity.
Competitive social feedback amplifies the role of early life contingency in male mice
Authors: Zipple Matthew N. , Chang Kuo Daniel , Meng Xinmiao , Reichard Tess M. , Guess Kwynn , Vogt Caleb C. , Moeller Andrew H. , Sheehan Michael J.
Published: January 2025

Contingency (or “luck”) in early life plays an important role in shaping individuals’ development. By comparing the developmental trajectories of functionally genetically identical free-living mice who either experienced high levels of resource competition (males) or did not (females), we show that competition magnifies early contingency. Male resource competition results in a feedback loop that magnifies the importance of early contingency and pushes individuals onto divergent, self-reinforcing life trajectories, while the same process appears absent in females. Our results indicate that the strength of sexual selection may be self-limiting, and they highlight the potential for contingency to lead to differences in life outcomes, even in the absence of any underlying differences in ability (“merit”).
Earth’s clouds are shrinking, boosting global warming
Authors: Voosen Paul
Published: January 2025

Narrowing storm bands may be a surprising and dangerous new feedback of climate change
Formation of Self-Assembling Monolayers on Electrochemically Deposited Gold Nanoparticle-Modified Carbon Ultramicroelectrode Arrays
Authors: Weber Courtney J.
Published: January 2025

2024 ECS Joseph W. Richards Research Fellowship – Summary Report
Tech Highlights
Authors: Pile Donald , Gallaway Joshua , McNulty David , Liu Chao (Gilbert) , Liu Zenghe , Karuppaiah Chock
Published: January 2025

A collection of technology highlights pulled from recent papers published in ECS journals.
Review–Design and Doping Strategies of Bi2Ti2O7 Pyrochlores for Elevating Dielectric Properties
Authors: Subramani Supriya
Published: January 2025

Bismuth titanate (Bi2Ti2O7) materials are a novel class of crystalline, electroceramic materials exhibiting symbiotic electrical properties belonging to the pyrochlore type, a realizable, eco-friendly, industrial-scale hybrid material. In-depth research on these materials has gradually increased in recent years to increase electronic applications. This review focuses on the synthesis, phase transition, and dielectric behavior of high-quality bismuth titanate pyrochlore coordinated with several elements through a doping strategy. The unique advances in bismuth titanate pyrochlores and explanations of crystal structure mechanisms were summarized. The anomalous dielectric properties of bismuth titanate pyrochlores and their state-of-the-art progress with significant advances are highlighted. This review aims to identify recent bismuth titanate pyrochlore based on the way of their fabrication. It briefly outlines synthetic methods, dielectric properties, and potential applications of these materials and details upcoming challenges and strategies for the development of these materials. Also, this review elaborates an outline of the bismuth titanate pyrochlore materials as future candidates, which may draw significant attention to practical applications.
Local tissue response to a C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 therapy for fecal incontinence in a rabbit model
Authors: Ruetten Hannah M. , Lankford Shannon S. , Abdolmaleki Abolfazl S. , Edenhoffer Nicholas , Badlani Gopal , Williams James K.
Published: January 2025

Local injection of CXCL12 cytokine reduces postinjury fibrosis in a rabbit model of anal sphincter injury and fecal incontinence. The larger size of the rabbits aided in targeted injury and treatment. Further studies are needed to explore noninvasive treatment options for postparturient anal sphincter injury.
Identification and Analysis of Amino Acid Metabolism-Related Subtypes in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhou Yifan , Lu Qiangchang
Published: January 2025

Background: We aimed to explore the role of Amino acid metabolism (AAM) and identify biomarkers for prognosis management and treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.

Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with AAM in lung adenocarcinoma were selected from public databases. Samples were clustered into varying subtypes using ConsensusClusterPlus based on gene levels. Survival analysis was conducted using a survival package, and immune analysis was performed using ssGSEA and ESTIMATE. Enrichment analysis was performed using GSEA, and a protein-protein interaction network of DEGs between subgroups was established through STRING. Hub genes were screened and verified using survival analysis, and drug sensitivity prediction was performed.

Results: 163 DEGs associated with AAM in lung adenocarcinoma were obtained, and two AAM-associated subtypes were identified. Cluster1 showed higher survival rates and immune levels compared with cluster2. The two subtypes were mainly enriched in immune-related signaling pathways such as B cell receptor, Jak-Stat, and natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Additionally, the mutation landscape between the two groups was significantly different. F2, AHSG, and APOA1 were key hub genes that significantly affected the prognosis differences between the two subtypes. Cluster2 showed higher sensitivity to drugs such as Mithramycin, Depsipeptide, and Actinomycin than cluster1.

Conclusion: This study identified two AAM-associated gene subtypes and their biomarkers and predicted the immune status and drug treatment sensitivity of varying subtypes. The results are instructive in the clinical treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.
A cross-tissue transcriptome-wide association study identifies new susceptibility genes for insomnia
Authors: Li Li , Wu Dongjin , Zhang Cuiping , Lai Xiaokun , Zhang Ruolan , Hu Shuhui , Ye Yifeng
Published: January 2025

This study identifies VRK2 and MMRN1 as novel susceptibility genes for insomnia through transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS). Mendelian randomization confirms a causal link between VRK2 and insomnia. Key brain regions, including the cerebellum and frontal cortex, and critical pathways like SMAD2/3 signaling and oxidative stress are implicated. These findings provide new insights into the genetic basis of insomnia.
Electroacupuncture ameliorated locomotor symptoms in MPTP-induced mice model of Parkinson’s disease by regulating autophagy via Nrf2 signaling
Authors: Zhang Jiping , Fu Zhiyi , Wen Feng , Lyu Peilin , Huang Shengtao , Cai Xiaowen , Zhang Zhinan , Zhang Ying , Fan Chun , Man Weitao , Sun Xiaomin , Huang Yong
Published: January 2025

In this study, we explored the potential mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) therapy at the GV20 and LR3 acupoints of Parkinson’s disease (PD). We demonstrated EA therapy’s neuroprotective effect on PD, through ameliorating defective autophagy and activating the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway whereas the regulation of EA on autophagy was absent in Nrf2 knockout (KO) mice. Our study not only provides new insights into the therapeutic mechanisms of EA but also suggests a promising strategy for PD treatment.
The Matrix Pencil Method for Determining Imaginary Axis Eigenvalues and Stability of Neutral Delay Reaction–Diffusion Systems
Authors: Ma Jian , Liu Rui
Published: January 2025

In this note, the stability of neutral delay reaction–diffusion systems (NDRDS) was concerned by applying the matrix pencil and the Kronecker product. A new computing method for the distribution of imaginary axis eigenvalues on general n‐dimensional NDRDS will be introduced. A practical, checkable criterion for the asymptotic stability will be derived. The main contribution of this paper is that we provide a computational method for determining imaginary axis eigenvalues and minimal delay margin on general NDRDS.
The Effect of Winter Prebedtime Footbath on Sleep Quality in Young Men: A Pilot Study
Authors: Yang Bin , Wei Bo’an , Guo Miao , Wu Zhenjing , Liu Minzhang , Guo Ruiqi , Bai Luting , Zhao Haichuan , Li Zhe , Liu Pengju , Li Jiahua , Wang Faming
Published: January 2025

In order to explore reasonable prebedtime interventions to improve the sleep quality of the youth population, this experiment comprehensively investigated the effect of prebedtime footbath on the improvement of youth sleep quality. The experimental conditions of the experimental group were to take a 30‐min footbath at 40°C 1 h before bedtime, to compare the experiment with the control group that did not take footbath, and to strictly control other environmental parameters that may affect sleep quality. We recorded the sleep of 16 male subjects using a subjective sleep quality questionnaire and polysomnography (PSG) and recorded their distal skin temperature (DST) and proximal skin temperature (PST) during footbath and sleep using temperature records. The skin temperature data showed that footbath before bedtime helped to increase DST and accelerate heat dissipation from the terminal skin, which in turn increased the distal–proximal skin temperature gradient (DPG), and we found that the DPG of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group for 84.8% of the time during the whole night’s sleep. Both subjective questionnaire and PSG monitoring results showed that sleep quality and sleep calmness could be effectively improved by taking a 30‐min 40°C bedtime footbath 1 h before bedtime. The subjective sleep quality questionnaire score of the control group was only 84.1% of that of the experimental group. There were significant differences between the control and experimental groups in total sleep time (TST), sleep‐onset latency (SOL), wake after sleep onset (WASO), and arousal index (AI) (p < 0.05). Compared to the control group, the experimental group showed a 43.4‐min increase in TST, a 14.9‐min decrease in SOL, a 32‐min decrease in WASO, a 3.28 beats/hour decrease in AI, and a 9.0% increase in sleep efficiency by performing a prebedtime footbath. This study quantitatively describes the effect of prebedtime footbath on the improvement of sleep quality in young men and provides an effective reference for the rational improvement of sleep quality in young people.
Comparing Performance and Reliability of Collocated Enhanced Children’s MicroPEM (ECM) on Gravimetric and Nephelometric PM2.5 Personal Exposure Samples in Field Measurements in Rural Guatemala
Authors: Mollinedo Erick , McCracken John P. , Johnson Michael , Piedrahita Ricardo , Pillarisetti Ajay , Waller Lance A. , Wang Jiantong , Thompson Lisa M. , Diaz-Artiga Anaite , de Leon Oscar , Ramirez Alexander , Polanco Alejandro , Campbell Devan , Kearns Katherine A. , Kremer Jacob , Nicolaou Laura , Clark Maggie L. , Balakrishnan Kalpana , Rosa Ghislaine , Peel Jennifer L. , Checkley William , Clasen Thomas F. , Naeher Luke P.
Published: January 2025

Traditional gravimetric instruments used for personal air pollution exposure measurements are often cumbersome and noisy and do not offer real‐time assessment capability. The Enhanced Children’s MicroPEM (ECM) is a comparatively lightweight and quiet instrument designed to capture both integrated filter‐based gravimetric samples and real‐time continuous (nephelometric) particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) concentrations. We assessed the performance and reliability of collocated ECMs in a subset of pregnant women participating in a randomized controlled trial in Guatemala to test a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cookstove (intervention) versus biomass (control) for cooking. We compared average daily (24 h) PM2.5 concentrations for the paired gravimetric (n = 219) and paired adjusted nephelometric (n = 221) samples using Spearman correlation and Bland–Altman agreement; we also assessed reliability based on the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and root mean square error (RMSE). Median PM2.5 gravimetric concentrations were 93.5 μg/m3 (interquartile range (IQR) = 52.6–160.5) and 21.4 μg/m3 (IQR = 12.0–32.0) in the control and LPG intervention groups, respectively; the median adjusted nephelometric concentrations were 83.7 μg/m3 (IQR = 47.6–148.9) and 22.6 μg/m3 (IQR = 17.5–29.7) in the control and LPG groups, respectively. Spearman correlations were higher in the control arm (0.91) than in the LPG intervention arm (0.67) in the gravimetric comparisons. The same trend was observed for adjusted nephelometric measurements in the control (0.92) and intervention arms (0.75). ICC values were high in both gravimetric (0.93) and nephelometric (0.95) collocations. Small differences in RMSE were observed for the gravimetric (26.69 μg/m3) and nephelometric collocations (31.76 μg/m3). Our findings demonstrate strong reliability between collocated ECMs for both gravimetric and adjusted nephelometric PM2.5 personal exposure samples in rural Guatemala.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02944682
MICAL2 Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Growth and Metastasis
Authors: Garg Bharti , Khan Sohini , Courelli Asimina S. , Panneerpandian Ponmathi , Sheik Pran Babu Deepa , Mose Evangeline S. , Gulay Kevin Christian Montecillo. , Sharma Shweta , Sood Divya , Wenzel Alexander T. , Martsinkovskiy Alexei , Rajbhandari Nirakar , Patel Jay , Jaquish Dawn , Esparza Edgar , Jaque Katelin , Aggarwal Neetu , Lambies Guillem , D’Ippolito Anthony , Austgen Kathryn , Johnston Brian , Orlando David A. , Jang Gun Ho , Gallinger Steven , Goodfellow Elliot , Brodt Pnina , Commisso Cosimo , Tamayo Pablo , Mesirov Jill P. , Tiriac Hervé , Lowy Andrew M.
Published: January 2025

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the deadliest solid cancers; thus, identifying more effective therapies is a major unmet need. In this study, we characterized the super enhancer (SE) landscape of human PDAC to identify drivers of the disease that might be targetable. This analysis revealed MICAL2 as a super enhancer-associated gene in human PDAC, which encodes the flavin monooxygenase MICAL2 that induces actin depolymerization and indirectly promotes SRF transcription by modulating the availability of serum response factor coactivators myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTF-A and MRTF-B). MICAL2 was overexpressed in PDAC, and high MICAL2 expression correlated with poor patient prognosis. Transcriptional analysis revealed that MICAL2 upregulates KRAS and EMT signaling pathways, contributing to tumor growth and metastasis. In loss and gain of function experiments in human and mouse PDAC cells, MICAL2 promoted both ERK1/2 and AKT activation. Consistent with its role in actin depolymerization and KRAS signaling, loss of MICAL2 also inhibited macropinocytosis. MICAL2, MRTF-A, and MRTF-B influenced PDAC cell proliferation and migration and promoted cell cycle progression in vitro. Importantly, MICAL2 supported in vivo tumor growth and metastasis. Interestingly, MRTF-B, but not MRTF-A, phenocopied MICAL2-driven phenotypes in vivo. This study highlights the multiple ways in which MICAL2 impacts PDAC biology and provides a foundation for future investigations into the potential of targeting MICAL2 for therapeutic intervention.
Supplementary Table S3 from N-Linked Fucosylated Glycans Are Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer with a Neuroendocrine and Metastatic Phenotype
Authors: Ippolito Joseph E. , Hartig Jordan P. , Bejar Kaitlyn , Nakhoul Hani , Sehn Jennifer K. , Weimholt Cody , Grimsley Grace , Nunez Elena , Trikalinos Nikolaos A. , Chatterjee Deyali , Kim Eric H. , Mehta Anand S. , Angel Peggi M. , Troyer Dean A. , Leach Robin J. , Corey Eva , Wu Jennifer D. , Drake Richard R.
Published: January 2025

Table S3. List of Hyper-fucosylated glycans for prostate cancer analysis
Supplementary Table S1 from Loss of PI5P4Kα Slows the Progression of a Pten Mutant Basal Cell Model of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Triscott Joanna , Lehner Marika , Benjak Andrej , Reist Matthias , Emerling Brooke M. , Ng Charlotte K.Y. , de Brot Simone , Rubin Mark A.
Published: January 2025

Table S1. Summary of genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs)
Supplementary Figure S6 from N-Linked Fucosylated Glycans Are Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer with a Neuroendocrine and Metastatic Phenotype
Authors: Ippolito Joseph E. , Hartig Jordan P. , Bejar Kaitlyn , Nakhoul Hani , Sehn Jennifer K. , Weimholt Cody , Grimsley Grace , Nunez Elena , Trikalinos Nikolaos A. , Chatterjee Deyali , Kim Eric H. , Mehta Anand S. , Angel Peggi M. , Troyer Dean A. , Leach Robin J. , Corey Eva , Wu Jennifer D. , Drake Richard R.
Published: January 2025

Figure S6. Heat map of selected glycans of a mixed GG5 adenocarcinoma and small cell tumor.
Supplementary Figure S5 from N-Linked Fucosylated Glycans Are Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer with a Neuroendocrine and Metastatic Phenotype
Authors: Ippolito Joseph E. , Hartig Jordan P. , Bejar Kaitlyn , Nakhoul Hani , Sehn Jennifer K. , Weimholt Cody , Grimsley Grace , Nunez Elena , Trikalinos Nikolaos A. , Chatterjee Deyali , Kim Eric H. , Mehta Anand S. , Angel Peggi M. , Troyer Dean A. , Leach Robin J. , Corey Eva , Wu Jennifer D. , Drake Richard R.
Published: January 2025

Figure S5. Heat map of selected glycans of a metastatic small cell carcinoma to a lymph node.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Loss of PI5P4Kα Slows the Progression of a Pten Mutant Basal Cell Model of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Triscott Joanna , Lehner Marika , Benjak Andrej , Reist Matthias , Emerling Brooke M. , Ng Charlotte K.Y. , de Brot Simone , Rubin Mark A.
Published: January 2025

Figure S2. PI5P4Kα expression enriched in basal compartment.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Loss of PI5P4Kα Slows the Progression of a Pten Mutant Basal Cell Model of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Triscott Joanna , Lehner Marika , Benjak Andrej , Reist Matthias , Emerling Brooke M. , Ng Charlotte K.Y. , de Brot Simone , Rubin Mark A.
Published: January 2025

Figure S1. PIP4K2A expression in human scRNA-Seq dataset.