bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving stereoselectivity of phosphotriesterase (PTE) for kinetic resolution of chiral phosphates
Authors: Jaito Nongluck , Phetlum Suthathip , Saeoung Titiporn , Tiyasakulchai Thanat , Srimongkolpithak Nitipol , Uengwetwanit Tanaporn
Published: July 2024

Specific stereoisomer is paramount as it is vital for optimizing drug efficacy and safety. The quest for the isolation of desired stereoisomer of active pharmaceutical ingredients or key intermediates drives innovation in drug synthetic and biocatalytic methods. Chiral phosphoramidate is an important building block for the synthesis of antiviral drugs such as remdesivir and sofosbuvir. Given the clinical potency of the (Sp)-diastereomer of the drugs, an enzyme capable of completely hydrolyzing the (Rp)-diastereomer is needed to achieve the purified diastereomers via biocatalytic reaction. In this study, protein engineering of phosphotriesterase (PTE) was aimed to improve the specificity. Employing rational design and site-directed mutagenesis, we generated a small library comprising 24 variants for activity screening. Notably, W131M and I106A/W131M variants demonstrated successful preparation of pure (Sp)-diastereomer of remdesivir and sofosbuvir precursors within a remarkably short hydrolysis time (<20 min). Our work unveils a promising methodology for producing pure stereoisomeric compounds, utilizing novel biocatalysts to enable the chemoenzymatic synthesis of phosphoramidate nucleoside prodrugs.
Correlated multimodal imaging in life sciences: lessons learnt
Authors: Rudraiah Pavitra Sokke , Camacho Rafael , Fernandez-Rodriguez Julia , Fixler Dror , Grimm Jan , Gruber Florian , Kalaš Matúš , Kremslehner Christopher , Kuntner Claudia , Kuzdas-Wood Daniela , Lindblad Joakim , Mannheim Julia G. , Marchetti-Deschmann Martina , Paul-Gilloteaux Perrine , Sampaio Paula , Sandbichler Peter , Sartori-Rupp Anna , Sladoje Nataša , Verkade Paul , Walter Andreas , Zoratto Samuele
Published: July 2024

Correlated Multimodal Imaging (CMI) gathers information about the same specimen with two or more modalities that–combined–create a composite and complementary view of the sample (including insights into structure, function, dynamics and molecular composition). CMI allows one to reach beyond what is possible with a single modality and describe biomedical processes within their overall spatio-temporal context and gain a mechanistic understanding of cells, tissues, and organisms in health and disease by untangling their molecular mechanisms within their native environment. The field of CMI has grown substantially over the last decade and previously unanswerable biological questions have been solved by applying novel CMI workflows. To disseminate these workflows and comprehensively share the scattered knowledge present within the CMI community, an initiative was started to bring together imaging, image analysis, and biomedical scientists and work towards an open community that promotes and disseminates the field of CMI. This community project was funded for the last 4 years by an EU COST Action called COMULIS (COrrelated MUltimodal imaging in the LIfe Sciences). In this review we share some of the showcases and lessons learnt from the action. We also briefly look ahead at how we anticipate building on this initial initiative.
Recent advances in crack detection technologies for structures: a survey of 2022-2023 literature
Authors: Kaveh Hessam , Alhajj Reda
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Cracks, as structural defects or fractures in materials like concrete, asphalt, and metal, pose significant challenges to the stability and safety of various structures. Addressing crack detection is of paramount importance due to its implications for public safety, infrastructure integrity, maintenance costs, asset longevity, preventive maintenance, economic impact, and environmental considerations.

Methods

In this survey paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements and developments in crack detection technologies for structures, with a specific focus on articles published between 2022 and 2023. Our methodology involves an exhaustive search of the Scopus database using keywords related to crack detection and machine learning techniques. Among the 129 papers reviewed, 85 were closely aligned with our research focus.

Results

We explore datasets that underpin crack detection research, categorizing them as public datasets, papers with their own datasets, and those using a hybrid approach. The prevalence and usage patterns of public datasets are presented, highlighting datasets like Crack500, Crack Forest Dataset (CFD), and Deep Crack. Furthermore, papers employing proprietary datasets and those combining public and proprietary sources are examined. The survey comprehensively investigates the algorithms and methods utilized, encompassing CNN, YOLO, UNet, ResNet, and others, elucidating their contributions to crack detection. Evaluation metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and IoU are discussed in the context of assessing model performance. The results of the 85 papers are summarized, demonstrating advancements in crack detection accuracy, efficiency, and applicability.

Discussion

Notably, we observe a trend towards using modern and novel algorithms, such as Vision Transformers (ViT), and a shift away from traditional methods. The conclusion encapsulates the current state of crack detection research, highlighting the integration of multiple algorithms, expert models, and innovative data collection techniques. As a future direction, the adoption of emerging algorithms like ViT is suggested. This survey paper serves as a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and engineers working in the field of crack detection, offering insights into the latest trends, methodologies, and challenges.
The role of cancer-associated fibroblasts in the invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer
Authors: Yin Jinjin , Zhu Wenting , Feng Senling , Yan Pengke , Qin Shumin
Published: July 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and has ranked the third leading cause in cancerassociated death globally. Metastasis is the leading cause of death in colorectal cancer patients. The role of tumor microenvironment (TME) in colorectal cancer metastasis has received increasing attention. As the most abundant cell type in the TME of solid tumors, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been demonstrated to have multiple functions in advancing tumor growth and metastasis. They can remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture, promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and interact with cancer cells or other stromal cells by secreting growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and exosomes, facilitating tumor cell invasion into TME and contributing to distant metastasis. This article aims to analyze the sources and heterogeneity of CAFs in CRC, as well as their role in invasion and metastasis, in order to provide new insights into the metastasis mechanism of CRC and its clinical applications.
Provenance of cretaceous sediments in the West Kunlun piedmont belt and implications for tectonic evolutionary events
Authors: Gao Yang , Jiang Lin , Chen Weiyan , Jiang Fujie , Dong Hongkui , Zhao Wen , Dong Changyu , Feng Yingqi
Published: July 2024

The West Kunlun orogenic belt located in the northwestern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is an important record of the formation and northward extension of the plateau, but the current research mainly focuses on the tectonic activities of the Cenozoic era, and there is still considerable controversy regarding the formation and evolutionary history of pre-Cenozoic orogenic belts. This study focuses on Cretaceous sandstone samples from the Kedong region in the piedmont belt of the West Kunlun orogenic belt. U-Pb geochronological analysis was performed on 200 detrital zircon grains from the core samples. Combined with stratigraphic data and previous research, the main provenance direction was investigated to constrain the tectonic evolutionary history of the orogenic belt’s peripheral regions. The results show that the detrital zircons are aged from 290 to 208 Ma, 520–310 Ma, 810–580 Ma, 1,400–880 Ma and 2,548–1,730 Ma, reflecting the complexity of provenance in this area. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of igneous rocks, zircon age composition and stratigraphic conditions in potential source areas, it is concluded that the primary source regions include the East Kunlun orogenic belt and the North and South Kunlun terranes, with a low likelihood of contributions from within the Tarim Basin. The evolution of the West Kunlun orogenic belt can generally be divided into two opening and two closing phases. The detrital zircon ages predominantly exhibit two peak values at 259 Ma and 459 Ma, respectively representing the ages of transition from oceanic crust subduction to continent-continent collision for the Paleo-Tethys Ocean and the Proto-Tethys Ocean. Additionally, there is a temporal gap between the evolution of the Proto-Tethys Ocean and the Paleo-Tethys Ocean. The Triassic period marks a transitional phase in tectonic evolution, shifting into an intracontinental evolutionary stage. This study provides new geochronological evidence for the early developmental history of the West Kunlun orogenic belt.
Metaphorical conceptualizations of generative artificial intelligence use by Chinese university EFL learners
Authors: Yan Yi , Sun Wei , Zhao Xiufeng
Published: July 2024

The unveiling of ChatGPT 4o by OpenAI, a multimodal large language model powered by Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI), has injected interest and incited debate throughout the echelon of education institutions regarding its prospective benefits and drawbacks. Nonetheless, investigations into the learners’ perceptions of GenAI use in learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL) remain markedly insufficient. The study adopts an explorative stance and aims to explore the attitudes and perceptions of Chinese EFL learners toward GenAI use in language learning through the application of metaphor analysis. Data were collected from 281 EFL students of varying majors in four key universities across China by completing a sentence using metaphors to elicit their attitudes and perceptions toward GenAI use in language learning. Through qualitative analysis of metaphorical constructs, including HUMANS, TOOL/MACHINE, BRAIN, RESOURCES, FOOD/DRINK, and MEDICINE metaphors, the study unveils a spectrum of attitudes toward GenAI. While some language learners perceived GenAI as supportive, helpful, and intelligent, others expressed concerns about over-reliance and potential loss of critical thinking skills. The findings underscore the importance of considering learners’ diverse attitudes and beliefs toward GenAI use and application in language learning pedagogy. The implications of these findings for the future integration of GenAI in language education are discussed, complemented by recommendations for further research and pedagogical practice.
Coupling of the best-estimate system code and containment analysis code and its application to TMLB’ accident
Authors: Wu Xiaoli , Zheng Zhifeng , Deng Jian , Liu Yu , Lu Qi , Xiang Qingan , Chen Chong , Sun Hongping , Lu Yazhe , Shen Danhong , Li Wei
Published: July 2024

With the development of advanced pressurized water reactor technology, the thermal-hydraulic coupling effect between the containment and the primary system becomes increasingly tight. In order to meet the demand for integrated safety analysis between the containment and the primary system, this paper investigates a direct coupling method between the best-estimate system code Advanced Reactor Safety Analysis Code and the containment analysis program ATHROC (Analysis of Thermal Hydraulic Response Of Containment). The feasibility of this direct coupling method and the applicability of the coupled program for overall safety analysis are demonstrated using Marviken two-phase flow release experiments. The ATHROC/ARSAC coupled program is employed to analyze the impact of the pressure relief function of the CPR1000 nuclear power plant pressurizer on the behavior of the primary system and containment during the TMLB’ accident. The calculation results indicate that these measures can reduce the pressure of the primary system to the level acceptable by the low-pressure injection system, but at the same time, they cause the pressure in the containment to rise to nearly 0.4 MPa. Therefore, to ensure the structural integrity of the containment, it is necessary for the non-passive hydrogen recombiner to effectively reduce the hydrogen concentration, thereby avoiding additional pressure increase in the containment due to hydrogen deflagration, which could lead to overpressure failure. The findings of this study are of significant reference value for improving the safety performance of thermal-hydraulic systems in operational Gen-II and advanced Gen-III pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants.
Validation of a methane oxidation biosystem design methodology using numerical modeling
Authors: Dulac Yohan , Nelson Brienne R. , Zytner Richard G. , Cabral Alexandre R.
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Methane oxidation biosystems (MOBs) are cost effective engineered systems capable of catalyzing the transformation of CH4 into CO2 biotically, thereby mitigating emissions from landfills.

Method: In this study we validate how accurately one can predict the hydraulic behaviour of a MOB using numerical modeling. More precisely how one can identify the length of unrestricted gas migration (LUGM), a critical design criterion for effective methane abatement biosystems. Laboratory experiments were conducted to obtain the material properties for a compost mixed with plastic pellets, and sand. With the water retention curve and air permeability function, we predicted the hydraulic performance of a MOB using Hydrus-2D. We then designed and constructed a MOB and monitored several key parameters for 12 months. The validation of the design methodology was conducted using field measurements, while actual climatic data was used as input in numerical modeling.

Results: The air permeability function was an appropriate activation function for determining LUGM. Accordingly, the predicted hydraulic behaviour matched the measured hydraulic behaviour reasonably well, validating the proposed procedure.
Maximizing opportunities for co-implementing fuel break networks and restoration projects
Authors: Aparício Bruno A. , Ager Alan A. , Day Michelle A.
Published: July 2024

Increasing impacts from wildfires are reshaping fire policies worldwide, with expanded investments in a wide range of fuel reduction strategies. In many fire prone regions, especially in the Mediterranean basin, fuel management programs have relied on fuel break networks for decades to facilitate fire suppression and reduce area burned and damage. By contrast, on the fire prone federal forests in the western United States, fuel management is guided primarily by landscape restoration goals, including improving fire resiliency such that wildfires can be managed for ecological benefit, and suppression is used more as a tool to shape burn patterns and less to extinguish fires. New policies in both fire systems are now calling for hybrid approaches that rely on both types of investments and efficient allocation of alternative spatial treatment patterns: linear networks versus patches across the landscape. However, studies that combine these strategies and examine alternative co-prioritization outcomes and potential synergies are largely non-existent. Here, we analyzed scenarios for implementing both types of treatments in concert while varying the prioritization metrics for one type or the other on a western United States national forest. We measured the response related to both treatment strategies including fire intersection rate, improvement in forest resiliency, and net revenue. We found that projects with benefits to both strategies can be identified and mapped independently of the implementation scenario and restoration objective. However, scenarios prioritized for fuel breaks preceding restoration resulted in the identification of more projects that met the criteria for providing dual benefits. The study is a rare example of optimizing hybrid fuel treatment projects that serve both restoration and fire protection goals with different spatial treatment designs.
Dermoscopy of skin metastases in advanced cancer—systemic (visceral, hematologic) and cutaneous
Authors: Simionescu Olga , Petrică Marian , Avram Alina Mariana , Costache Mariana , Scurtu Lucian G. , Tudorache Sorin Ioan , Iorga Polixenia Georgeta , Grigore Mariana
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Skin metastases arise in 10% of cancer patients, but standardized dermoscopy diagnostic criteria for skin metastases remain poor. This study's objective was to analyze the dermoscopy features of skin metastases from advanced systemic and cutaneous cancers.

Methods

A retrospective study on 715 dermoscopy images of skin metastases from 33 patients with various primary cancers (breast, ovary, melanoma, non-melanoma skin cancer, and chronic leukemia) attending two academic centers between 2013 and 2023 was performed. Four independent observers blindly analyzed patterns, colors, vessels, and elementary lesions for each metastasis (30 parameters in total).

Results

The structureless white pattern was the most prominent indicator of cutaneous metastasis (81.26%, p < 0.001). Regardless of the primary tumor, colors pink, red, white, and tan were identified. Elementary lesions were infrequent, except for melanoma metastases that displayed dots (13.23%) and globules (11.11%). Breast cancer metastases presented: blue (41.48%) and red (34.32%) colors, irregular vessels (13.58%), and a blue-naevus pattern (22.22%). Melanoma metastases displayed: a blue-naevus pattern (61.38%), a blue color (85.71%), and a structureless-blue combination pattern (79.37%). Non-melanoma skin cancer metastases were characterized by vascular (42.11%) and angioma-like (31.58%) patterns, pink (57.89%) and red (57.89%) colors, irregular (57.89%), thin hairpin (47.37%), comma (47, 37%), and thick hairpin (26, 32%) vessels and a red, white and irregular vessels combination pattern (52, 63%). A pink structureless combination pattern was frequent (61.05%) in chronic leukemia metastases. Ovarian cancer metastases displayed a white and tan structureless combination pattern (100%) and frequently had dotted vessels (42.85%).

Conclusion

Papules and nodules with a white structureless pattern suggest skin metastases, regardless of the primary tumor. A blue structureless lesion is indicative of melanoma metastasis and a vascular pattern with irregular vessels indicates a non-melanoma skin cancer metastasis. Dermoscopy stands as a reliable non-invasive diagnostic method for suspected cutaneous metastases in patients with a known cancer history.
Circulating adipose-tissue miRNAs in gastrointestinal cancer patients and their association with the level and type of adiposity at body composition analysis
Authors: Tambaro Federica , Imbimbo Giovanni , Pace Valentina , Amabile Maria Ida , Rizzo Veronica , Orlando Simona , Lauteri Giulia , Ramaccini Cesarina , Catalano Carlo , Nigri Giuseppe , Muscaritoli Maurizio , Molfino Alessio
Published: July 2024

Background

Adipose tissue (AT) wasting in cancer is an early catabolic event with negative impact on outcomes. Circulating miRNAs may promote body weight loss and cachexia. We measured circulating miRNAs linked to AT alterations and compared their levels between i) gastrointestinal (GI) cancer patients and controls, ii) cachectic and non-cachectic cancer patients, and iii) according to adiposity level and its distribution.

Methods

Patients with GI cancer and subjects with benign diseases as controls were considered. Cachexia was assessed and adiposity evaluated by CT-scan for subcutaneous AT area (SAT), visceral AT area and the total AT area (TAT). MiRNAs involved were measured in plasma by RT-qPCR.

Results

37 naïve GI cancer patients and 14 controls were enrolled. Patients with cachexia presented with lower SAT compared to non-cachectic (p < 0.05). In cancer patients, we found higher levels of miR-26a, miR-128, miR-155 and miR-181a vs. controls (p < 0.05). Cancer patients with BMI < 25 kg/m2 showed higher levels of miR-26a vs. those with BMI ≥ 25 (p = 0.035). MiR-26a and miR-181a were higher in cachectic and non-cachectic vs. controls (p < 0.05). Differences between cachectic and controls were confirmed for miR-155 (p < 0.001) but not between non-cachectic vs. control (p = 0.072). MiR-155 was higher in cachectic patients with low TAT vs. those without cachexia and high TAT (p = 0.036).

Conclusion

Our data confirm a modulation of specific and different miRNAs involved in AT metabolism in cancer and cachexia. MiR-155 levels were higher in patients presenting with cachexia and low adiposity with implications in the pathogenic mechanisms and clinical consequences of GI cancer patients.
Diagnostic accuracy of a machine learning-based radiomics approach of MR in predicting IDH mutations in glioma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Xiaoli , Lei Junqiang , Wang Shuaiwen , Zhang Jing , Gou Lubin
Published: July 2024

Objectives

To assess the diagnostic accuracy of machine learning (ML)-based radiomics for predicting isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations in patients with glioma.

Methods

A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from inception to 1 September 2023, was conducted to collect all articles investigating the diagnostic performance of ML for the prediction of IDH mutations in gliomas. Two reviewers independently screened all papers for eligibility. Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed using the METhodological RadiomICs Score and Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2, respectively. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was obtained.

Results

In total, 14 original articles assessing 1740 patients with gliomas were included. The AUC of ML for predicting IDH mutation was 0.90 (0.87–0.92). The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio were 0.83 (0.71–0.90), 0.84 (0.74–0.90), and 25 (12,50) respectively. In subgroup analyses, modeling methods, glioma grade, and the combination of magnetic resonance imaging and clinical features affected the diagnostic performance in predicting IDH mutations in gliomas.

Conclusion

ML-based radiomics demonstrated excellent diagnostic performance in predicting IDH mutations in gliomas. Factors influencing the diagnosis included the modeling methods employed, glioma grade, and whether the model incorporated clinical features.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#myprospero, PROSPERO registry (CRD 42023395444).
Perspective of perovskite-based X-ray hybrid pixel array detectors
Authors: Fiederle Michael , Baumbach Tilo
Published: July 2024

Compound semiconductors are playing a major role in the production of X-ray pixel detectors for the application in laboratories and beamlines at photon sources. The performance of these detectors has constantly been improved for the last decades but experiments are still limited by the properties of the detector material, especially under high flux illumination. The fast development of perovskite crystals opens the possibility for new materials to be used as highly efficient X-ray pixel detectors. The published data until now, of the transport properties, demonstrate the large potential of perovskite semiconductors. The achieved values are comparable with the ones of CdTe-based detectors. This paper presents potential perovskite-based detector materials and compares their performance with the state-of-the-art CdTe-based detectors. The perspectives of perovskite semiconductors are promising for the production of large area X-ray detectors but still some challenges remain.
Effects of coaches’ autonomy support on athletes’ aggressive behavior and athlete burnout: verification of the mediating effects of coach-athlete relationship and team efficacy
Authors: Kim Suk-Kyu , Choi Hunhyuk
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study investigated the relationships between perceived autonomy support, coach–athlete relationship, team efficacy, aggressive behavior, and athlete burnout among team sports athletes. It verified the mediating effects of the coach–athlete relationship and team efficacy on the relationship between autonomy support and athlete burnout.

Design, methodology, and approach

A questionnaire survey on autonomy support, coach–athlete relationships, aggressive behavior, and athlete burnout was administered to 336 team sports athletes (292 male athletes and 44 female athletes). A cross-sectional research design was used to collect the data. To analyze the collected data, frequency, reliability, descriptive statistical, and correlation analyses were performed using SPSS version 26.0. In addition, confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity tests, and structural model analysis were conducted using AMOS version 24.0. Bootstrapping was used to examine the mediating effects.

Results

The fit of the measurement model was assessed by calculating the fit indices as follows: x2 = 329.689, df = 124, p < 0.001, TLI = 0.945, CFI = 0.956, RMSEA = 0.070 (90% CI = 0.061–0.080), and SRMR = 0.060. Autonomy support positively affected the coach–athlete relationship (β = 0.841) and team efficacy (β = 0.338). The coach–athlete relationship positively affected team efficacy (β = 0.479). Furthermore, autonomy support did not significantly influence aggressive behavior (β = −0.053), and negatively affected athlete burnout (β = −0.305). The coach–athlete relationship also did not significantly affect aggressive behavior (β = 0.054), and negatively affected athlete burnout (β = −0.303). Team efficacy negatively affected aggressive behavior (β = −0.516) and athlete burnout (β = −0.201). Finally, autonomy support was found to affect athlete burnout through the coach–athlete relationship and team efficacy.

Conclusion

Considering that autonomy support affects athlete burnout through coach–athlete relationship and team efficacy, coaches need to enhance the quality of the coach–athlete relationship and improve team efficacy to reduce athlete burnout. Above all, the study findings suggest that coaches need to provide autonomy-supportive behaviors.
Seasonal-scale intercomparison of SMAP and fused SMOS-SMAP soil moisture products
Authors: Xing Zanpin , Li Xiaojun , Fan Lei , Frappart Frédéric , Kim Hyunglok , Karthikeyan Lanka , Konkathi Preethi , Liu Yuqing , Zhao Lin , Wigneron Jean-Pierre
Published: July 2024

Two L-band passive microwave satellite sensors, onboard the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) launched in 2009 and Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) launched in 2015, are specifically designed for surface soil moisture (SM) monitoring. The first global continuous fused L-band satellite SM product based on SMOS and SMAP observations (SMOS-SMAP-INRAE-BORDEAUX, the so-called Fused-IB) was recently released to the public. Currently, the performance of Fused-IB has only been evaluated collectively over the entire data records in the study period, without specific evaluation for individual seasons. To fill this gap, this study intercompared the Fused-IB and the enhanced SMAP-L3 version 6 (SMAP-E) SM products against in situ SM data from the International Soil Moisture Network (ISMN) from 2016 to 2020 regarding the whole period and different seasons. We aim to investigate the performance of these two products at different time scales and to explore the potential eco-hydrological factors (i.e., precipitation and vegetation) driving their seasonal variations. Results show that both SM products are in good agreement with the in situ measurements, demonstrating high median correlation (R) and low ubRMSD (median R = 0.70 and ubRMSD = 0.058 m3/m3 for Fused-IB vs. R = 0.68 and ubRMSD = 0.059 m3/m3 for SMAP-E) during 2016–2020. For most land use and land cover (LULC) types, Fused-IB outperformed SMAP-E with higher accuracy and lower errors, particularly in forests, partly due to the advantage of the robust SMAP-IB (SMAP-INRAE-BORDEAUX) algorithm used to generate Fused-IB in forests, which avoids the pronounced saturation effects of vegetation optical depth caused by relying on optical information. Besides, both products had superior performances across most LULC types in summer (JJA) and autumn (SON), yet increased uncertainties were observed in forests, grasslands, and croplands during spring (MAM) and winter (DJF). These uncertainties could be mainly attributed to the effects of vegetation growth in forests, grasslands and croplands, and the interception of water from rainfall events in grasslands. The results of this study can serve as a reference for algorithm developers to enhance the accuracy of SM and thus promote hydro-meteorological applications that benefit from L-band radiometer soil moisture products.
The silicon service spectrum: warmth and competence explain people's preferences for AI assistants
Authors: Hernandez Ivan , Chekili Amal
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The past year has seen the rise of many variants of large language model chatbots that all attempt to carry out verbal tasks requested by users. These chatbots perform various collaborative tasks, such as brainstorming, question and answering, summarization, and holding other forms of conversations, embedding them within our daily society. As these AI assistants become increasingly integrated into societal structures, understanding people's perceptions toward them offers insights into how to better facilitate that integration, and how different our current understanding of human-human interactions parallels human-AI interactions. This project explores people's preferences toward responses generated by various chatbots.

Methods

Leveraging a comprehensive dataset composed of thousands of pairwise comparisons of responses from 17 popular chatbots, we applied multidimensional scaling (MDS) and property fitting (PROFIT) methodologies to uncover the dimensionality of why some models are similarly or dissimilarly preferred on average by people.

Results

In line with previous research on universal dimensions of social cognition, interactions with chatbots are predominantly perceived along two dimensions: warmth and competence. Also similar to social cognition applied to humans, the dimensions displayed a curvilinear trend where the highest levels of default warmth are found in models with moderate levels of competence. Models at extremely high and extremely low levels of competence tended to have lower levels of default warmth.

Discussion

This research advances our understanding of the interface between technology and social psychology. As chatbots and AI become increasingly prevalent within societal interactions, we see that many of the same principles found in perceptions between humans can also apply to AI.
Key factors and path selection for enterprise digital transformation: configuration analysis based on fsQCA
Authors: Zhou Yanqiu , Chen Lei , Zhou Xu , Hu Shihua
Published: July 2024

The new digital technology revolution is spurring corporate digital transformation. Presently, the majority of enterprises are still in the digitalization stage. They have yet to pinpoint the key factors and suitable paths for their transformation. Therefore, this study aims to determine which and how factors affect this transformation to improve the current enterprise's digital transformation. We extract key elements affecting corporate digital transformation. Taking 98 representative businesses as examples, we utilize the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis approach (fsQCA) to investigate how different factors combine to achieve digital transformation. The results show that: (1) No single factor can achieve digital transformation for enterprises, as it requires a combination of multiple factors. (2) Four configuration paths can lead to corporate digital transformation. (3) A business can equivalently substitute resource consolidation with strategic planning and human resources to drive digital transformation. This study offers multiple paths for achieving corporate digital transformation to guide businesses in their choice of digital transformation pathways.
Picture a Scientist—Diverse Role Models Show that Science is for Everyone
Authors: Wynns Samantha , Meaders Clara L. , Gardiner Jaye C. , Nigam Sankalp , Harris Jillian
Published: July 2024

Who do you picture when you think of the word “scientist”? Do you fit that image? Although science should be for everyone, some groups, including girls, people of color, the LGBTQ+ community, people with disabilities, and more are often discouraged from becoming scientists. Research shows that girls in particular start to lose interest in pursuing science careers during middle school. But part of the problem for every group is that you cannot be what you cannot see. So how do we change who students picture as scientists? We tested whether a playful STEAM (science, technology, engineering, art, math) program that uses comic books, trading cards featuring a variety of female role models, games, and outdoor exploration could change students’ minds. Our data shows that after the In Their Eyes: Conservation + Comics program, more students think that girls can be scientists, too!
In vitro assessment of probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated from camel milk: enhancing sustainable foods
Authors: Nawaz Zeeshan , Zahoor Muhammad Kashif , Shafique Muhammad , Athar Rasham , Yasmin Aysha , Zahoor Muhammad Asif
Published: July 2024

Probiotic properties of isolated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from sustainable foods including camel milk are the potential research domains. For this purpose, camel milk samples (n = 20), from four different herds of Camelus dromedarius, were processed for the identification of LAB strains based on biochemical profiles followed by amplification and sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. The probiotic characteristics, i.e., acids and bile salts tolerance, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, hemolytic and antimicrobial activities, auto-aggregation assay, and adhesion to HT-29 epithelial cells were determined. Thirteen out of 20 milk samples were initially found positive for the growth of probiotics or LAB which were further confirmed as Lacticaseibacillus casei (5) and Pediococcus pentosaceus (3). The probiotics/LAB strains showed maximum survival (%) = 92.06 ± 1.82 and 81.35 ± 3.64 against acids and bile salts, respectively. The LAB strains were found sensitive to amoxicillin, ceftazidime, imipenem, linezolid, ofloxacin, tetracycline, tobramycin, and vancomycin. None of the LAB strains showed hemolytic activity. L. casei-04 strain showed a maximum zone of inhibition (15.33 ± 0.58) against multidrug-resistant E. coli AZ1 strain whereas, L. casei-05 showed a maximum zone of inhibition (16.33 ± 1.15) against methicillin-resistant S. aureus Saba-1 strain. L. casei-03 showed maximum percentage auto-aggregation (28.65 ± 1.96) at 4 h while L. casei-01 showed (41.10 ± 3.03) at 24 h of incubation. Maximum adhesion was shown by P. pentosaceus-01 (11.14%) followed by L. casei-02 (9.73%). Altogether, the current findings suggested that camel milk has significant potential of providing probiotics/LAB strains into human food chain and enabling camel milk as potential sustainable food.
Samobójstwa artystów i sposób ich prezentacji na łamach przedwojennej prasy
Authors: Teler Marek
Published: July 2024

The article presents the ways Polish press of the 1920s and 1930s used to write about suicides of artists. The author analyses the stories of suicidal deaths of five people: theatre actress Alojza Żółkowska, actor and director Józef Poremba-Jaracz, an aspiring painter Helena Niemczewska (the daughter of the watercolourist Julian Fałat), film heartthrob Zbigniew Staniewicz, and theatre actor Sergiusz Niłus (Jerzy Alan). These instances demonstrate that pre-war journalists took a keen interest in the issue, especially the reasons behind the tragedies. Detailed descriptions of the course of events often revealed many details of the stars’ private lives, especially their health-related conditions.
Role of Intestinal Ultrasound for IBD Care: A Practical Approach
Authors: Hoffmann Joerg C. , Ungewitter Tobias
Published: July 2024

Intestinal ultrasound (IUS) has recently become the imaging technique of choice for patients with different types of intestinal inflammation. IUS has a high sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value when diagnosing Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis. Further, it is now the preferred imaging modality for routine IBD reevaluations because of its non-invasiveness, cost-effectiveness, availability (at least in Europe), and reproducibility in all age groups. However, the clinical success of IUS requires IUS training for doctors and technicians who perform IUS with a standardised description of ultrasound findings of the terminal ileum and entire colon. Complications such as abscess formation, fistulae, and stenosis can be detected by either conventional IUS or contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Lately, several disease activity scores have been proposed for Crohn’s disease, postoperative Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis both in adults (including elderly) and in children. IUS was successfully used in randomised clinical trials in order to measure the treatment response. Therefore, IUS now plays a central role in clinical decision making.
Comparative Evaluation of the Performance of a Mobile Device Camera and a Full-Frame Mirrorless Camera in Close-Range Photogrammetry Applications
Authors: Patonis Photis
Published: July 2024

The comparative evaluation of the performance of a mobile device camera and an affordable full-frame mirrorless camera in close-range photogrammetry applications involves assessing the capabilities of these two types of cameras in capturing images for 3D measurement purposes. In this study, experiments are conducted to compare the distortion levels, the accuracy performance, and the image quality of a mobile device camera against a full-frame mirrorless camera when used in close-range photogrammetry applications in various settings. Analytical methodologies and specialized digital tools are used to evaluate the results. In the end, generalized conclusions are drawn for using each technology in close-range photogrammetry applications.
EFEKTIFITAS MODA TRANSPORTASI BUS RAPID TRANSIT (BRT) DALAM MENUNJANG AKTIFITAS BEKERJA DI KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: Safitri Octafiani , Bagus Prakoso Surya , Irawati Iin , Intan Pratiwi Yesina
Published: July 2024

Transportation is the lifeblood of everyday life and one of the basic needs of society. Almost everyone needs transportation to meet their needs, such as the need for work, school, recreation and social interaction. The choice of transportation modes in an urban area is now increasingly varied, starting from private or public transportation. Various activities such as government administrative centers, communication centers, industrial centers and trade centers located in the city of Semarang are factors in all people's choices in using modes of transportation. This analysis uses AHP analysis by presenting it in the form of numbers, graphs, tables and narratives. AHP is a method used to rank decision alternatives and to choose the best of several criteria. AHP develops a numerical value to rank each decision alternative, which is based on how far each alternative meets the criteria of the respondent. Based on the data, it can be explained that the most important criteria for respondents to the choice of transportation mode are the time criteria of 96.78%, then the cost criteria of 2.90%, the next for the age criteria of 0.21% and the last for the criteria worker characteristics of 0.01%. Furthermore, the order of priority for selecting the first working mode of transportation is motorbikes at 91.41%, the second is BRT at 8.01% and the last is Angkot at 0.48%. This study concluded that based on the results and discussion of this study are as follows: Based on calculations AHP data processing can be explained that the most important criteria for respondents to the selection of work transportation modes are time criteria of 96.78%, then cost criteria of 2.90%, next for age criteria of 0.21% and finally for characteristic criteria workers by 0.01%. After obtaining the results of alternative weights, the priority for choosing the first working mode of transportation is motorbikes at 91.41%, the second is BRT at 8.01% and the last is Angkot at 0.48%.
ANALISIS PENINGKATAN PERKERASAN LENTUR KE PERKERASAN KAKU PADA RUAS JALAN BUARAN - BENDANPETE STA 0+00 - 1+700 JEPARA JAWA TENGAH .
Authors: Junaidhi Afif , Adi Saputro Yayan , Hidayati Nor
Published: July 2024

Afif Junaidhi, Nim 191230000357, Analysis of the improvement of flexible pavement to rigid pavement on the buaran - bendanpete sta 0+00 - 1+700 jepara central java road 2023., Yayan Adi Saputro, S.T., M.T., Nor Hidayati, S.T., M.T., Civil Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology1, Nahdlatul Ulama University1 Jepara1. With roads, everyone can increase their mobility while fulfilling important activities. As time goes by and the length of service lasts, road conditions eventually decline, both in terms of service level and structural condition. The method used for analysis of rigid pavement on roads is the 2017 Pavement Design Manual1 Method and the method used for planning road surface drainage dimensions refers to SNI 03-3424-1994 concerning Procedures for Road Surface Drainage Planning. The results of rigid pavement planning research calculations using the 2017 Pavement Design Manual method resulted in a concrete plate thickness of 275 mm, a thin concrete layer1 (LMC) of 100 mm, a class A aggregate drainage layer of 150 mm. Connections in rigid pavement are divided into two, namely longitudinal connections with tie bars using Ø 161- 6001 threads, and transverse connections with dowels using plain reinforcement D 32 - 300. The material used is planned to use concrete. The calculation results obtained are that the channel base width is 65 cm, the wet channel height is 35 cm, and the guard height is 40 cm
Hubungan Kadar Leutinizing Hormone (LH) terhadap Kadar Interferon Gamma (IFNγ) dan Neutrophil Lympocyte Ratio (NLR) pada Remaja Putri dengan Overweight dan Obesitas
Authors: Zakaria Amien A. , Widagdho Dinutanayo Wimba
Published: July 2024

Remaja memiliki kerentanan terhadap masalah gizi dan metabolisme. Obesitas pada remaja putri dapat mengakibatkan terganggunya siklus menstruasi. Status gizi juga dikaitkan dengan kondisi inflamasi kronis yang menstimulus sekresi protein inflamasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar hormon LH terhadap kadar hormon IFNγ dan profil NLR pada remaja putri dengan overweight dan obesitas. Jenis Penelitian ini penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan post test design. Teknik sampling yang digunakan purposive sampling sebanyak 30 responden. Analisis yang digunakan uji pearson product moment. Karakteristik responden terdapat 12 remaja putri dengan status obesitas grade 1, 9 responden obesitas grade 2 dan 9 responden lainnya overweight. Pada hasil uji analisis korelasi antara kadar LH terhadap IFNγ p value 0,63 (>0,05) dan uji korelasi antara kadar LH terhadap NLR p value 0,45 (>0,05). Tidak terdapat hubungan antara kadar hormon LH terhadap kadar hormon IFNγ dan profil NLR pada remaja putri dengan overweight dan obesitas
 
Adolescents have susceptibility to nutritional and metabolic problems. Obesity in adolescent girls can result in disruption of the menstrual cycle. Nutritional status is also associated with chronic inflammatory conditions that stimulate the secretion of inflammatory proteins. This study aimed to determine the correlation between LH hormone levels to IFNγ hormone levels and NLR profiles in adolescent girls with overweight and obesity. This type of research is quantitative research with post test design. The sampling used a purposive sampling technique which involved 30. The analysis used pearson product moment. The characteristics of respondents were 12 adolescent girls with grade 1 obesity status, 9 respondents were grade 2 obese and 9 other respondents were overweight. In the results of the correlation analysis test between LH levels to IFNγ p value 0.63 (>0.05) and test the correlation between LH levels to NLR p value 0.45 (>0.05). There was no correlation between LH hormone levels to IFNγ hormone levels and NLR profiles in overweight and obese adolescent girls.
KOMUNIKASI TERAPEUTIK PERAWAT BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEPUASAN PASIEN DI IGD WILAYAH PUSKESMAS SUKOHARJO
Authors: Safitri Wahyuningsih , Ediyono Suryo
Published: July 2024

Kepuasan pasien merupakan hal penting dalam mengukur kualitas layanan kesehatan. Salah satu faktor yang berkaitan adalah komunikasi terapeutik perawat yang digunakan untuk pemberian Asuhan Keperawatan dan membantu pasien dalam mengatasi masalah yang sedang dihadapi pada saat perawatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara komunikasi terapeutik perawat dengan kepuasan pasien di IGD Wilayah Puskesmas Sukoharjo. Jenis penelitian adalah kuantitatif dengan pendekatan Cross Setional. Populasi penelitian adalah pasien sejumlah 57 responden. Teknik Sampling Non Probability Sampling dengan metode Accidental Sampling dan didapatkan 50 responden. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner Komunikasi Terapeutik dan Kepuasaan Pasien.. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Komunikasi Terapeutik kategori baik sebanyak 32 pasien (64%) dan pasien puas sebanyak 31 pasien (62%). Analisa data dengan Uji Kendall Tau. Hasil Statistik menunjukan p-value =0,000 dan nilai koefisien korelasi 0,569. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah ada Hubungan Komunikasi Terapeutik Perawat dengan Tingkat Kepuasan Pasien di IGD Wilayah Puskesmas Sukoharjo.
 
 
Patient satisfaction is an important thing in measuring the quality of health services. One related factor is the nurse's therapeutic communication which is used to provide nursing care and help patients overcome the problems they are facing during treatment. The objective of the study was to establish the link between the therapeutic communication of nurses and the levels of patient satisfaction in the emergency department of the Sukoharjo Community Health Center. This research utilized a quantitative method with a cross-sectional approach. The total population consisted of 57 respondents. The sample was 50 respondents using the non-probability Sampling technique with the Accidental Sampling method. Data were collected utilizing nurses’ therapeutic communication and Patient Satisfaction questionnaires.. The results revealed that Therapeutic Nurse Communication was in the good category with 32 patients (64%), and the patient was in the satisfied category with 31 patients (62%). Data analysis operated the Kendall Tau test. The statistical test obtained a p-value of 0.000 and a correlation coefficient of 0.569. The research concluded a relationship between Nurse Therapeutic Communication and Patient Satisfaction levels in the Emergency Department of the Sukoharjo Community Health Center.
PROSES PENJUALAN JASA TRANSPORTASI PADA PT BIMA SEPAJA ABADI JAKARTA
Authors: Kurnia Elma Tiara  , Lutviani Metya
Published: July 2024

Transportation services are a system of transporting or moving goods from the place where the transportation activity begins or the starting place to the place where the transportation activity ends. The purpose of this research is to determine the Sales Process of Transportation Services at PT Bima Sepaja Abadi. The research method used is to conduct a direct study of the company, namely through observation, interviews and literature studies by studying various forms of written materials. The steps used are to discuss the process of selling transportation services. The discovery of obstacles that occur in the reporting process and their solutions can provide input that can help the company to carry out transaction reporting administration procedures that are more effective and efficient than before, so that reporting administration can run according to company procedures.