bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Distribuição Espacial da Violência na Cidade de Goiânia
Authors: Leão Carlos , Nascimento Paulo Fernando S.
Published: July 2016

Resumo: esse estudo buscou mapear a violência na Região Metropolitana de Goiânia a partir de dados dos Boletins de Ocorrência da Policia Militar do Estado deGoiás. O procedimento inicial consistiu na manipulação do banco de dados geográficos e na elaboração de diferentes mapas que permitiram explorar visualmente o objeto de análise. Na sequência contemplou-se a análise exploratória com a geração de estatísticas descritivas que caracterizaram a natureza da distribuição espacial dos dados e o seu padrão de associação espacial E finalmente, procedeu-se à modelagem que incluiu os procedimentos de validação estatística e de formulação de modelos de estimação.Palavras-chave: Espacialização da violência. Mapas. Goiânia.
Análise do Comportamento e o Fenômeno Emocional
Authors: Britto Ilma A. Goulart de Souza , Cesarino Ana Maria
Published: July 2016

Resumo: este estudo aborda o fenômeno emocional com base na ciência análise do comportamento. O primeiro passo consistiu em analisar o fenômeno a partir da literatura da área. Sugere-se que o progresso na compreensão científica da emoção é dificultado pelos desacordos nos diferentes estudos que trataram do assunto. Destacou-se o condicionamento de medo e a produção de dados cujos conceitos, princípios e achados são consistentes com o empreendimento científico. Palavras-chave: Emoções. Condicionamento de medo. Análise do comportamento.
Características morfométricas e rendimento da palma forrageira ‘Gigante’ sob diferentes adubações e configurações de plantio
Authors: Padilha Junior M. C. , Donato S. L. R. , Silva J. A. , Donato P. E. R. , Souza E. S.
Published: July 2016

Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar as características morfométricas e de rendimento da palma forrageira 'Gigante' submetida a diferentes tipos de adubação orgânica, química e organomineral e configurações de plantio. O experimento foi instalado em LATOSSOLO Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico, num delineamento em blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com três repetições. As parcelas constituídas por duas configurações de plantio: 1) 24.0000 plantas ha-1, dispostas em fileira tripla, no espaçamento 3,00 x 1,00 x 0,25 m; 2) 26.666 plantas ha-1, dispostas em fileira quádrupla, no espaçamento 3,00 x 1,00 x 0,25 m; as subparcelas compostas por 12 tipos de adubação orgânica, química e organomineral. Aos 650 DAP mensuraram-se altura da planta, número, comprimento, largura e índice de área de cladódios, produção de matéria verde e seca e teor de matéria seca. As características morfométricas, o teor de matéria seca e a produção de massa verde e matéria seca foram influenciadas pelas adubações (P<0,05), independentemente da configuração utilizada. Das características morfométricas apenas a largura e área do cladódio não foram influenciadas pelas adubações. A ausência de adubação ou apenas 30 Mg ha-1 ano-1 de esterco bovino são insuficientes para obter resultados satisfatórios com palma forrageira ‘Gigante’.

Morphometric traits and yield of forage cactus 'Gigante' under different fertilization and planting settings

Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphometric characteristics and yield of 'Gigante' forage cactus subjected to different types of organic, chemical, and organic mineral fertilizers and planting configurations. The experiment was installed in a dystrophic Red-Yellow LATOSOL (Oxisol), in a randomized block design, in a split plot design parcel, with three replications. The plots consist of two plant configurations: 1) 24.0000 pl ha-1, arranged in triple row, spaced 3.00 x 1.00 x 0.25 m; 2) 26,666 pl ha-1, arranged in quadruple row, spaced 3.00 x 1.00 x 0.25 m. The subplots are composed of types of organic, chemical, and organic mineral fertilizers. On the 650th DAP were measured the plant height, number, length, width, cladode area index, fresh and dry matter yield and dry matter content. Morphometric characteristics, the dry matter content and the green mass and dry matter production were influenced by fertilization (P <0.05), regardless the configuration. From the morphometric features, only the width and cladode area were not affected by fertilization. The absence of fertilization or just 30 Mg ha-1 yr-1 of cattle manure is not enough to achieve satisfactory results with 'Gigante' forage cactus.
Mesoscale study of water transport in mortar influenced by sodium chloride
Authors: Wang Yi , Gong Fuyuan , Zhang Dawei , Ueda Tamon
Published: July 2016

Transport properties of mortar exposed to salt solution are fundamental information for understanding the durability of mortar. In this paper, change in moisture uptake behaviors due to sodium chloride (NaCl) contamination was studied. To understand the salt contamination effect, mortar samples with different water-to-cement ratios (w/c) in meso scale were immersed into deionized (DI) water, intermediate (3%wt), and high (20%wt) concentration of NaCl solutions for three days. After immersion, the re-dried samples were sequentially immersed in DI water at room temperature for seven days. Based on the test results, two-stage solution diffusion model was developed, which can describe the solution absorption process efficiently. The salt contamination may be due to calcium (Ca2+) leaching and salt crystallization. As found, when exposed to low concentration NaCl solution, the diffusivity of mortar would increase due to faster Ca2+ leaching. However, for high concentration NaCl solution, it would be reduced since pores filled by crystallized salt have dominant effect in this case. The salt crystallization mainly occurs at small pores because there is little difference at initial absorption but the difference becomes significant for long time absorption.
Effect of perpendicular beams on failure of beam-column knee joints with mechanical anchorages by 3D RBSM
Authors: Eddy Liyanto , Matsumoto Koji , Nagai Kohei
Published: July 2016

When mechanical anchorages are placed near the surface of a beam-column knee joint, anchorage failure may occur because of local stresses from anchorage plates. Perpendicular beams placed on both sides of the joint can be a way to avoid the occurrence of this failure. In this study, a meso-scale discrete analysis using 3D RBSM is conducted to investigate the effect of perpendicular beams on the behavior of a beamcolumn knee joint with mechanical anchorages and their effect on failure mode. By studying the internalstresses and cracks in a beam-column knee joint with mechanical anchorages, perpendicular beams can improve its performance in terms of loading capacity and failure behavior. Perpendicular beams are known to have two effects. The perpendicular beams increase bond performance along the development length of anchorages and resist the opening of the diagonal cracks. It has the same failure mode as in the case without perpendicular beams which is an anchorage failure, but the occurrence of the anchorage failure is delayed in this case. It is also inferred by simulation that the effective length of the perpendicular beams is determined by approximately 45 degrees inclination to the longitudinal beam, measured from the original position of anchorage plates.
Hypertension and Target Organ Damage: Don’t Believe Everything You Think!
Authors: Mensah George A.
Published: July 2016

Ethn Dis. 2016;26(3):275-278; doi:10.18865/ed.26.3.275
The Role of Care Management as a Population Health Intervention to Address Disparities and Control Hypertension: A Quasi-Experimental Observational Study
Authors: Hussain Tanvir , Franz Whitney , Brown Emily , Kan Athena , Okoye Mekam , Dietz Katherine , Taylor Kara , Carson Kathryn A. , Halbert Jennifer , Dalcin Arlene , Anderson Cheryl A. M. , Boonyasai Romsai T. , Albert Michael , Marsteller Jill A. , Cooper Lisa A.
Published: July 2016

Objective: We studied whether care management is a pragmatic solution for improving population blood pressure (BP) control and addressing BP disparities between Blacks and Whites in routine clinical environments. 

Design: Quasi-experimental, observational study. 

Setting and Participants: 3,964 uncontrolled hypertensive patients receiving primary care within the last year from one of six Baltimore clinics were identified as eligible. 

Intervention: Three in-person sessions over three months with registered dietitians and pharmacists who addressed medication titration, patient adherence to healthy behaviors and medication, and disparities related barriers. 

Main Measures: We assessed the population impact of care management using the RE-AIM framework. To evaluate effectiveness in improving BP, we used unadjusted, adjusted, and propensity-score matched differences-in-differences models to compare those who completed all sessions with partial completers and non-participants. 

Results: Of all eligible patients, 5% participated in care management. Of 629 patients who entered care management, 245 (39%) completed all three sessions. Those completing all sessions on average reached BP control (mean BP 137/78) and experienced 9 mm Hg systolic blood pressure (P<.001) and 4 mm Hg DBP (P=.004) greater improvement than non-participants; findings did not vary in adjusted or propensity-score matched models. Disparities in systolic and diastolic BP between Blacks and Whites were not detectable at completion. 

Conclusion: It may be possible to achieve BP control among both Black and White patients who participate in a few sessions of care management. However, the very limited reach and patient challenges with program completion should raise significant caution with relying on care management alone to improve population BP control and eliminate related disparities. Ethn Dis. 2016;26(3):285-294; doi:10.18865/ed.26.3.285 
Hypertension Prevalence in New York City Adults: Unmasking Undetected Racial/Ethnic Variation, NYC HANES 2004
Authors: Giambrone Ashley E. , Gerber Linda M. , Rodriguez-Lopez Jesica S. , Trinh-Shervin Chau , Islam Nadia , Thorpe Lorna E.
Published: July 2016

Objective: Using 2004 New York City Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NYC HANES) data, we sought to examine variation in hypertension (HTN) prevalence across eight Asian and Hispanic subgroups. 

Design: Cross-sectional 

Setting: New York City, 2004 

Main Outcome Measures: Logistic regression was performed to identify differences in HTN prevalence between ethnic subgroups controlling for age, sex, education and BMI. 

Results: Overall HTN prevalence among NYC adults was 25.5% (95% CI: 23.4-27.8), with 21.1% (95% CI: 18.2-24.3) among Whites, 32.8% (95% CI: 28.7-37.2) Black, 26.4% (95% CI: 22.3-31.0) Hispanics, and 24.7% (95% CI: 19.9-30.3) Asians. Among Hispanic subgroups, Dominicans had the highest HTN prevalence (32.2%), followed by Puerto Ricans (27.7%), while Mexicans had the lowest prevalence (8.1%). Among Asian subgroups, HTN prevalence was slightly higher among South Asians (29.9%) than among Chinese (21.3%). Adjusting for age, Dominican adults were nearly twice as likely to have HTN as non-Hispanic (NH) Whites (OR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.24-3.12), but this was attenuated after adjusting for sex and education (OR=1.27, 95% CI: .76 – 2.12). When comparing South Asians with NH Whites, results were also non-significant after adjustment (OR=2.00, 95% CI: .90-4.43). 

Conclusion: When analyzing racial/ethnic subgroups, NH Black and Hispanic adults from Dominican Republic had the highest HTN prevalence followed by South Asian and Puerto Rican adults. Mexican adults had the lowest prevalence of all groups. These findings highlight that ethnic subgroup differences go undetected when stratified by broader racial/ ethnic categories. To our knowledge, this is the first population-based study using objective measures to highlight these differences. Ethn Dis. 2016;26(3):339-344; doi:10.18865/ed.26.3.339 
Life Course Socioeconomic Position and Subclinical Disease: The Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Deere Bradley , Griswold Michael , Lirette Seth , Fox Ervin , Sims Mario
Published: July 2016

Objectives: African Americans experience higher rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and lower childhood and adult socioeconomic position (SEP). Research that examines the associations of multiple measures of SEP with subclinical CVD markers among African Americans is limited. 

Methods: Data from the Jackson Heart Study (JHS) were used to examine cross-sectional associations of childhood SEP and adult SEP with subclinical markers among 4,756 African American participants (mean age 54, 64% female), adjusting for age, health behaviors and CVD risk factors. Subclinical markers included prevalent left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), peripheral artery disease (PAD), coronary artery calcification (CAC), and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). 

Results: The prevalence of LVH, PAD and CAC was 7%, 6% and 45%, respectively. The mean CIMT was .72 ± .17 mm. In fully-adjusted models, having a college education was inversely associated with PAD (OR, .27; 95% CI .13,.56) and CIMT (β=-29.7, P<.01). Income was inversely associated with LVH after adjustment for health behaviors (OR, .49 95% CI .25,.96), though associations attenuated in the fully-adjusted model. Measures of childhood SEP (material resources and mother’s education) were not consistently associated with subclinical disease measures other than a positive association between material resources and CIMT. 

Conclusions: Subclinical disease markers were patterned by adult SEP measures among African Americans. Ethn Dis. 2016;26(3);355-362; doi:10.18865/ed.26.3.355 
Race and Sex Differences in the Association between Food Insecurity and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Strings Sabrina , Ranchod Yamini K. , Laraia Barbara , Nuru-Jeter Amani
Published: July 2016

Objective: To examine whether the relationship between food insecurity (FI) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) varies by race/ethnicity and sex. 

Methods: We analyzed data from low-income adults participating in the 2009 and 2011 waves of the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) (N=22,596). We used logistic regression models to estimate the sex and race-specific associations between FI and T2D. 

Results: We observed positive associations between low food security and T2D for White men (AOR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2, 3.2), and between very low food security and T2D for White women (AOR: 1.6 95% CI: 1.1, 2.5). In Latinas, we observed positive associations between both low food security (AOR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.3, 2.2) and very low food security (AOR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2, 2.6) and T2D. We did not observe any associations between FI and T2D in Latino men, or African American women and men. 

Conclusion: The relationship between FI and T2D may be moderated by race and sex. For African Americans and Latino men, other distal factors may modify the effect of FI on rates of T2D. Ethn Dis. 2016;26(3):427-434; doi:10.18865/ ed.26.3.427 
Mindfulness-Based Childbirth Education: Incorporating Adult and Experiential Learning With Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction in Childbirth Education
Authors: Hauck Yvonne , Fisher Colleen , Byrne Jean , Bayes Sara
Published: July 2016

Informed choice is an expectation of today’s parents. Concern is evident around whether education models are evolving to ensure flexibility for parents to access options perceived as meeting their needs. Historical and current evidence around childbirth education models including the introduction of mindfulness to parent education will be presented. The aim of this article is to describe the rationale for incorporating adult and experiential learning with mindfulness-based stress reduction in a childbirth education program implemented in Western Australia. The curriculum of the Mindfulness Based Childbirth Education 8-week program is shared with corresponding learning objectives for each session. Examples of educational materials that demonstrate how adult and experiential learning were embedded in the curriculum are presented.
Sobre a tecnopólis
Authors: Tavares Paulo
Published: July 2016

Partindo da constatação de uma anunciada “crise” dos paradigmas epistemológicos modernos, passamos a pensá-la em relação ao “problema arquitetônico”. Ponto inicial para tal reflexão é o ensaio “Jamais fomos Modernos” de Bruno Latour e o conhecido “Manifesto em favor dos Ciborgues” da bióloga Donna Haraway, onde uma espécie de “programa” para pensar tal crise está esboçado. Buscamos problematizar seu mito ciborgue e o novo território que junto dele emerge, a polis-tecnológica. Em nosso horizonte, isso significa posicionar - a partir de uma ótica foucaultiana – a arquitetura como dispositivo atuante nos modos de individuação e diferenciação das formas coletivas de vida.
Ensino da prototipagem rápida e fabricação digital para arquitetura e construção no Brasil: definições e estado da arte
Authors: Pupo Regiane Trevisan
Published: July 2016

Os objetivos deste artigo são: (1) o de apresentar o estado da arte da prototipagem rápida e fabricação digital para a arquitetura e construção, (2) identificar como o impacto das novas tecnologias atua na pesquisa e no ensino de arquitetura no Brasil hoje e (3) relatar algumas experiências didáticas desenvolvidas no Laboratório de Automação e Prototipagem para Arquitetura e Construção da Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo – FEC, da Unicamp.
Prática integrada em Arquitetura, Engenharia e Construção
Authors: Ilha Marina Sangoi de Oliveira , Silva Vanessa Gomes da
Published: July 2016

Esta edição da PARC apresenta uma seleção de artigos publicados na Conferência Sustainable Building 2010 Brazil (SB10Brazil), em novembro de 2010 na cidade de São Paulo.  Os artigos constantes nessa edição enfocam alguns dos temas discutidos na SB10Brazil: modelos urbanos e infra-estrutura sustentáveis; projeto e construção avançados; metodologias e ferramentas de avaliação da sustentabilidade; avaliação do desempenho ambiental de sistemas e componentes e gestão sustentável de facilidades. Todos os trabalhos passaram por uma avaliação cega de pelo menos 2 avaliadores, os quais constam como Comitê Científico ad hoc desta edição.
How to BREAK the Vicious Circle of blame? The contribution of different stakeholders to a more sustainable built environment
Authors: Lützkendorf Thomas
Published: July 2016

Putting the principles of sustainability into practice within social and economic development requires intensive involvement and participation of the construction, real estate and finance industries. It is necessary that design, construction and refurbishment of buildings are aligned with targets in energyefficiency, resource preservation, climate change and human health. On the one hand design strategies, design tools and construction techniques need further development, but the demand for sustainable buildings needs to increase also. For a long time market acceptance, market penetration and market transformation of sustainable buildings has been hampered by various obstacles and prejudices. This is now changing because of prove that sustainable buildings have economic advantages, because of social and environmental responsibility being increasingly accepted by all stakeholders, due to developments in law and standardisation as well as due to the example set by the public sector. The vicious circle of blame for low demand for sustainable buildings can therefore be broken. Positive change in the built environment can be brought about by various instruments (laws, standards, grant programmes, market stimulation programmes etc.) as wells as by creating connections between individual and institutional objectives with sustainable development objectives. For those investors interested in sustainable investments, sustainable real estate funds, green REITs can be offered as new investment alternatives. However, it is equally important to pay greater attention to the social and cultural importance of buildings. Topics such as the interdependence between buildings and life style choices and consumption patterns of building users, the role of buildings within a neighbourhood and urban development, the need to provide adequate accommodation and to create and preserve jobs can also contribute to greater demand for sustainable buildings.
Computational design contributions of integrative architectural and urban digital design methodology based on satellite images
Authors: Kouzeleas Stelios Th.
Published: July 2016

This study is based on innovative researches and combines technology, methodologies and means which are used in different sciences and processes such as informatics and computational processes, telegeoprocessing–telegeomonitoring technologies, survey science methodologies, urban and regional planning techniques in order to describe computational processes of innovative digital integrative design. This procedure refers to aspects of digital integrative design – modeling and simulation of a built-up architectural or urban area. These aspects concern a modeling process based on satellite images and specifically developed computational interfaces adapted to a CAD system, such as DTM’s mesh control points, conversion from geodetic to cartesian coordinates, bitmap adjustment to the buildings facades and surfaces normals handling, taking into account techniques that refer to other sciences such as survey, maths, astronomy and computer science. This modeling process is supported by an innovated proposed procedure that transfers remotely spatial data collected from the field (geographical coordinates and relative measurements taken in place) directly into a modeling system in order to model architectural entities and simulate simultaneously qualitative characteristics of an urban space (sound, temperature, humidity, etc) in real-time.
Para um método de análise espaço-uso: uma abordagem sintáctica
Authors: Tomé Ana , Heitor Teresa
Published: July 2016

Os artefactos arquitectónicos não são apenas objectos físicos, mas objectos sociais que estruturam relações de co-presença e de encontro pelo modo como suportam a distribuição dos fluxos de movimento e, consequentemente, organizam os usos que neles se realizam. Partindo de tal pressuposto e considerando a necessidade de aprofundar a compreensão das relações espaço-uso, neste trabalho desenvolveram-se procedimentos analíticos orientados para o estudo das condições de uso dos artefactos arquitectónicos e, subsequentemente, para um melhor entendimento dos nexos estabelecidos com a condição espacial. Pretendeu-se deste modo contribuir para o desenvolvimento de técnicas baseadas numa visão computacional da mobilidade e interacção dos utilizadores produzindo registos documentais não arbitrários dos seus padrões de movimento/navegação e de ocupação/co-presença e fundamentando a sua análise em termos quantitativos. A tecnologia vídeo permitiu o registo simultâneo do movimento e do espaço que o conforma. A visão computacional da mobilidade em espaços informais de aprendizagem (átrios) permitiu obter e tratar dados em quantidade, condição necessária à fundamentação da relação espaço-uso. O método seguido considerou a instalação de um sistema de aquisição de imagens analisáveis por um algoritmo de detecção e seguimento automático de utilizadores para efeitos de processamento da informação. Os padrões de movimento/navegação e de ocupação/co-presença obtidos foram correlacionados com as propriedades configuracionais obtidas pela aplicação do modelo descritivo da Sintaxe Espacial (Hillier e Hanson, 1984). Foi possível analisar nexos entre a configuração do espaço e os padrões de movimento/navenavegação e de ocupação/co-presença, questão fulcral para o processo conceptual em Arquitectura.
Habitação Coletiva: Reconfigurando a quadra do Carmo, São Paulo
Authors: Rubano Lizete Maria , Fehr Lucas , Barros Luiz Antonio Recamán , Silva Aline Simões Ollertz , Lunetta Carolina , Moreira Felipe de Freitas , Venzon Julia
Published: July 2016

A perspectiva deste trabalho é a de apresentar uma experiência de habitação social na cidade de São Paulo, tendo como referência questões contemporâneas desse desafio (entre elas, a da área central.). Para esta apresentação (que é resultado de uma pesquisa realizada em 2010) gostaríamos de destacar uma intervenção na Rua do Carmo, próxima à Sé, do escritório Vigliecca & Associados. Interessa-nos evidenciar o desafio de questões contemporâneas que tem sido enfrentado pelo arquiteto Héctor Vigliecca – com aprofundamento teórico e proposição projetual -, e que nos parece de fundamental importância à própria “renovação” do tema da habitação social em áreas metropolitanas como a cidade de São Paulo.
Arquitetura eficiente
Authors: Medrano Leandro
Published: July 2016

Ainda é grande a distância entre os avanços teóricos ou tecnológicos desenvolvidos nos centros de pesquisas, e as práticas usuais de planejamento, gestão e construção das cidades contemporâneas. Nesse contexto, o papel do arquiteto se constringe, pois não há arquitetura eficiente em cidades sem eficiência.
Intervenção arqueológica em património edificado: dois casos de aplicação dos métodos da arqueologia da arquitectura em contexto urbano
Authors: Santos Raquel , Rebelo Paulo , Neto Nuno
Published: July 2016

O presente artigo pretende dar a conhecer dois exemplos de aplicação dos métodos da arqueologia da arquitectura em  contexto urbano, nomeadamente um conjunto edificado do centro histórico de Lagos e um prédio de habitação na cidade de Lisboa. Os exemplos dados foram alvo de intervenções arqueológicas com objectivos diferentes devido ao contexto de obra a que estavam sujeitos: o primeiro, condenado a demolição total para construção de um novo edifício; o segundo sofrendo uma obra de recuperação, afectando os elementos estruturais apenas ao nível dos revestimentos. Para além da interpretação dos dados obtidos para cada um dos edifícios, pretende-se apresentar as condicionantes que determinaram a metodologia a empregar em cada caso.
Chat with Branko Kolarevic
Authors: Celani Gabriela
Published: July 2016

On December 18, 2013, a group of researchers from LAPAC, the Laboratory of Automation and Prototyping for Architecture and Construction, at the University of Campinas, had a video-conference with Prof. Branko Kolarevic, from Calgary University. Although the main objective of the talk was to discuss the question of digital fabrication and its impacts in the making of buildings, each researcher had the opportunity to ask something about their own topic of research, which are all related to computational design: parametric modeling, the use of programming in the creative process, responsive architecture and evolutionary computation. Among these researchers were students with different backgrounds – architecture, civil engineering, mechatronics and computer science – and at different levels, from undergrads to PhD candidates.
An Objective Approach for Constructing a Membership Function Based on Fuzzy Harvda-Charvat Entropy and Mathematical Programming
Authors: Hasuike Takashi ,   Faculty of Science and Technology, Waseda University, Katagiri Hideki ,   Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University
Published: July 2016

This paper proposes an objective approach to the construction of an appropriate membership function that extends to our previous studies. It is important to set a membership function with subjectivity and objectivity to obtain a reasonable optimal solution that complies with the decision maker’s feelings in real-world decision making. To ensure objectivity and subjectivity of the obtained membership function, an entropy-based approach based on mathematical programming is integrated into the interval estimation considered by the decision maker. Fuzzy Harvda-Charvat entropy, which is a natural extension of fuzzy Shannon entropy, is introduced as general entropy with fuzziness. The main steps of our proposed approach are to set intervals with membership values 0 and 1 to enable a decision maker to judge confidently, and to solve the proposed mathematical programming problem strictly using nonlinear programming. In this paper, the given membership function is assumed to be a piecewise linear membership function as an approximation of nonlinear functions, and each intermediate value of partial linear function is optimally obtained.
Fuzzy Cognitive Research on Factors Influencing Technological Innovation – From Path Dependence Perspective
Authors: Hu Jing ,   College of Economics and Management, China Jiliang University, Zhang Yong , Wang Yilin ,   Zhongchao Ink Co., Ltd.
Published: July 2016

This paper aims to establish a framework for evaluating technological innovation and to emphasize the important influence of path dependence on technological innovation. The fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) method is used to identify causal relationships among factors that influence technological innovation, and a FCM structural diagram for evaluating enterprise technological innovation is described. Meanwhile, a fuzzy feedback system for the evaluation of technological innovation, integrated with a nonlinear Hebbian learning algorithm, is established; dependence on expert opinions may be avoided through learning and practice using the cognitive map. Finally, using a computer software platform, a dynamic simulation of any complex index system can be realized. From this simulation, stable conditions can provide path references by which an enterprise engaging in technological innovation can improve the integrative efficiency and the overall effect of any realistic technological innovation activity.
Direct Repair of Chronic Achilles Tendon Ruptures Using Scar Tissue Located Between the Tendon Stumps
Authors: Yasuda Toshito , Shima Hiroaki , Mori Katsunori , Kizawa Momoko , Neo Masashi
Published: July 2016

Background:

Several surgical procedures for chronically ruptured Achilles tendons have been reported. Resection of the interposed scar tissue located between the tendon stumps and reconstruction using normal autologous tissue have been well described. We developed a direct repair procedure that uses scar tissue, which obviates the need to use normal autologous tissue.

Methods:

Thirty consecutive patients with Achilles tendon ruptures with a delay in diagnosis of >4 weeks underwent removal of a section of scar and healing tissue with direct primary suture of the ends of the tendon without the use of allograft or autograft. Patients were followed for a mean time of 33 months. Preoperative and postoperative clinical outcomes were measured with the Achilles Tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS) and the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score. In addition, the patients underwent preoperative and postoperative functional measurements and magnetic resonance imaging. Lastly, we evaluated the histology of the interposed healing tissue.

Results:

The mean AOFAS scores were 82.8 points preoperatively and 98.1 points postoperatively. The mean postoperative ATRS was 92.0 points. At the time of the latest follow-up, none of the patients had experienced tendon reruptures or difficulties in walking or climbing stairs, and all except 2 patients could perform a single-limb heel rise. All athletes had returned to their pre-injury level of sports participation. Preoperative T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging showed that 22 Achilles tendons were thickened with diffuse intratendinous high-signal alterations, and 8 Achilles tendons were thinned. Postoperative T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging findings included fusiform-shaped tendon thickening and homogeneous low-signal alterations of the tendons in all patients. Histologically, the interposed scar tissue consisted of dense collagen fibers.

Conclusions:

Shortening of the tissue between the 2 tendon ends that included healing scar and direct repair of healing tendon without allograft or autograft can be effective for treatment-delayed or neglected Achilles tendon rupture.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Postural Stability in Older Adults with a Distal Radial Fracture
Authors: Louer Craig R. , Boone Sean L. , Guthrie Andre K. , Motley John R. , Calfee Ryan P. , Wall Lindley B.
Published: July 2016

Background:

The physical risk factors leading to distal radial fractures are poorly understood. The goal of this study was to compare postural stability between older adults with and without a prior distal radial fragility fracture.

Methods:

This case-control evaluation was performed at a single tertiary institution. The fracture cohort comprised 23 patients treated for a low-energy distal radial fracture within 6 to 24 months prior to this study. Twenty-three age and sex-matched control participants, without a prior fragility fracture, were selected from an outpatient clinic population. All participants completed a balance assessment with a computerized balance platform device. Dynamic motion analysis (DMA) scores ranging from 0 to 1,440 points are produced, with lower scores indicating better postural stability. Participants also completed validated questionnaires for general health quality (EuroQol-5D-3L [EQ-5D-3L]) and physical activity (Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly [PASE]) and comprehensive health and demographic information including treatment for compromised balance or osteoporosis. Statistical analysis compared data between cases and controls using either the Student t test or the Mann-Whitney U test.

Results:

There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in age, sex, body mass index, physical activity score, or EQ-5D-3L general health visual analog scale score between participants with or without prior distal radial fracture. The fracture cohort demonstrated poorer balance, with higher DMA scores at 933 points compared with 790 points for the control cohort (p = 0.008). Nineteen patients (83%) in the fracture cohort reported having dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans within 5 years prior to this study, but only 2 patients (9%) had ever been referred for balance training with physical therapy.

Conclusions:

Older adults who sustain low-energy distal radial fractures demonstrate impaired postural stability compared with individuals of a similar age who have not sustained such fractures. Following a distal radial fracture, these patients may benefit from interventions to improve postural stability.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Comparison of medication safety systems in critical access hospitals: Combined analysis of two studies
Authors: Cochran Gary L. , Barrett Ryan S. , Horn Susan D.
Published: July 2016

Purpose

The role of pharmacist transcription, onsite pharmacist dispensing, use of automated dispensing cabinets (ADCs), nurse–nurse double checks, or barcode-assisted medication administration (BCMA) in reducing medication error rates in critical access hospitals (CAHs) was evaluated.

Methods

Investigators used the practice-based evidence methodology to identify predictors of medication errors in 12 Nebraska CAHs. Detailed information about each medication administered was recorded through direct observation. Errors were identified by comparing the observed medication administered with the physician’s order. Chi-square analysis and Fisher’s exact test were used to measure differences between groups of medication-dispensing procedures.

Results

Nurses observed 6497 medications being administered to 1374 patients. The overall error rate was 1.2%. The transcription error rates for orders transcribed by an onsite pharmacist were slightly lower than for orders transcribed by a telepharmacy service (0.10% and 0.33%, respectively). Fewer dispensing errors occurred when medications were dispensed by an onsite pharmacist versus any other method of medication acquisition (0.10% versus 0.44%, p = 0.0085). The rates of dispensing errors for medications that were retrieved from a single-cell ADC (0.19%), a multicell ADC (0.45%), or a drug closet or general supply (0.77%) did not differ significantly. BCMA was associated with a higher proportion of dispensing and administration errors intercepted before reaching the patient (66.7%) compared with either manual double checks (10%) or no BCMA or double check (30.4%) of the medication before administration (p = 0.0167).

Conclusion

Onsite pharmacist dispensing and BCMA were associated with fewer medication errors and are important components of a medication safety strategy in CAHs.
Study of roadside weed diversity along the constructed and non constructed roads in Palghar, Maharashtra, India.
Authors: Joshi* Nitesh , Mule Prachiti , Joshi Ambika
Published: July 2016

The study aims to explore the floristic diversity of the weeds occurring along the roadside of the Palghar Tehsil by calculating various diversity indices of two distinctly identified sites, one being disturbed, constructed sites with high usage while other is relatively less disturbed   mainly non-constructed sites and limited usage. The further purpose of the study was to draw conclusion in terms of floristic differences based on 3 indices viz. Shannon Weiner Index, Species Richness, Species evenness Index, Simpson’s Index and Sorenson’s Similarity Index. On comparison it was seen that the area that has limited usage has evenly distributed community and rich diversity as compared to another site. Diversity of the community occurring near non constructed road was found to be more as compared to the community occurring near constructed road.
Uso da metodologia da problematização com o Arco de Maguerez no ensino sobre brinquedo terapêutico
Authors: Laia da Mata Fujita Júnia Aparecida , Henrique de Mecena Elizane , Valentim Carmona Elenice , Kakuda Shimo Antonieta Keiko
Published: July 2016

Este  estudo  objetivou  relatar  a  experiência  do  uso  da  metodologia  da Problematização com apoio do Arco de Maguerez no ensino sobre brinquedo terapêutico  na  graduação  de  enfermagem,  bem  como  os  resultados alcançados. A experiência se deu com 52 alunos de uma instituição de ensino superior  privada,  localizada  em  Curitiba,  Paraná,  Brasil.  Foram implementadas as cinco etapas do Arco de Maguerez: 1. Observação da realidade;  2.  Pontos-chave;  3.  Teorização;  4.  Hipóteses  de  solução;  5. Aplicação à realidade – Prática. A experiência resultou na criação de dez brinquedos terapêuticos. Foram vivenciados diferentes aspectos inerentes ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem, constatando-se que uma educação de nível superior pautada no uso de metodologias ativas e não mais limitada à transmissão de conteúdos teóricos tem potencial para formar profissionais mais preparados para atender às atuais demandas em saúde.PALAVRAS-CHAVEEducação em enfermagem; Ensino; Aprendizagem baseada em problemas; Jogos e brinquedos ABSTRACTThis  study  aimed  to  report  the  experience  of  teaching  therapeutic  play according  to  the  Problematization  methodology  with  Maguerez´s Arch  to nursing  undergraduation  students,  as  well  as  the  obtained  results.  This teaching strategy was used with 52 students of a private institution in Curitiba, Parana State, Brazil. The five steps of Maguerez´s Arch were implemented: 1.Reality observation; 2. Key-points; 3. Theorizing; 4. Solution hypotheses; 5. Application to reality – Practice. Students developed ten therapeutic toys. There was an opportunity of experiencing different aspects of the teachinglearning process, what denotes that undergraduation courses based on active methodologies and no longer limited to lectures on theoretical content have the potential of educating professionals well prepared to meet current health demands.KEYWORDSNursing education; Teaching; Problem-based learning; Play and toys
Fatores que influenciam a aprendizagem de conceitos matemáticos em cursos de engenharia: Um estudo exploratório com estudantes da Universidade do Minho
Authors: Alves Manuela , Coutinho Clara , A. C. Rocha Ana Maria , Rodrigues Cristina
Published: July 2016

O sucesso na aprendizagem da Matemática no ensino superior constitui um campo emergente de pesquisa, em particular nos cursos de Engenharia. No entanto, em Portugal ainda é incipiente a pesquisa na área, pelo que é pertinente  explorar  fatores  que  podem  esclarecer  a  relação  entre  os estudantes de Engenharia e a Matemática. Com base em três focus group realizados com estudantes de dois cursos de Engenharia da Universidade do Minho,  este  estudo  exploratório  pretende  investigar  as  atitudes  dos estudantes na aprendizagem de conceitos matemáticos e averiguar os fatores que influenciam a sua experiência no processo de aprendizagem. Para além da perceção da importância da Matemática no seu curso e na sua futura profissão,  os  resultados  sugerem  que  há  fatores  que  influenciam  o  seu desempenho, nomeadamente o papel do professor e a sua metodologia de ensino, bem como a aplicabilidade dos conceitos matemáticos no contexto da Engenharia, o papel ativo do estudante na aprendizagem e a influência dos pais e da sociedade.PALAVRAS-CHAVEAprendizagem de conceitos matemáticos; Engenharia; Focus group; EnsinoSuperior ABSTRACTSuccess in the learning of Mathematics in higher education constitutes anemerging field of research, particularly in the Engineering courses. In Portugal, however, the research in this area remains incipient. It is therefore relevant to explore  which  factors  may  clarify  the  relation  between  the  Engineering students and Mathematics. Based on three focus groups carried out with students  from  two  Engineering  courses  at  the  University  of  Minho,  this exploratory study aims to investigate the attitudes of students in the learning of  mathematical  concepts  and  find  out  the  factors  that  influence  their experience in the learning process. Beyond the perception of the importance of Mathematics in their course and their future profession, the results suggest that there are factors that influence their performance, such as the teacher's role  and  his/her  teaching  methodology,  as  well  as  the  applicability  of mathematical concepts in the context of Engineering, the student’s active role in learning and the influence of parents and society.KEYWORDSLearning  of  mathematical  concepts;  Engineering;  Focus  group;  Highereducation
Efeitos da intensificação do trabalho no ensino superior: da fragmentação à articulação entre investigação, ensino, gestão académica e transferência de conhecimento
Authors: Santos Carolina Da Costa , Pereira Fátima , Lopes Amélia
Published: July 2016

O ensino superior português, atualmente, é marcado por transformações, em consequência da adaptação da educação às mudanças políticas, económicas e sociais do país. Fatores externos, portanto, reconfiguram as preocupações, as estruturas e os objetivos da universidade. Os professores sofrem o impacto dessas mudanças, respondendo a novas exigências e reconstruindo a sua identidade. Este artigo discute a identidade académica e as dimensões do trabalho do professor universitário – ensino, investigação, gestão académica e prestação de serviços à comunidade/transferência de conhecimento – face ao cenário atual de transformações. Recorrendo a narrativas de tipo biográfico e a um grupo de discussão focalizada, o caráter empírico do estudo centra-se na voz de professores da área da Educação de uma universidade pública portuguesa. Os resultados destacam a identidade académica delineada pela intensificação do trabalho e o desejo da articulação entre as dimensões do trabalho docente, visando romper a fragmentação da profissão.PALAVRAS-CHAVEIdentidade académica; Transformações do ensino superior; Intensificação do trabalho docente; (Re)construção da identidade profissional ABSTRACTContemporary higher education is characterized by continuing alterations, as the educational system tends to follow economic, political and social changes in  Portugal.  In  consequence,  external  factors  reconfigure  universities concerns, structures and goals. These changes have a considerable impact on academic work while higher education teachers have to respond to new tasks. Therefore,  academic  identity  may  be  reconstructed.  This  study  aims  at understanding the academic identity related with the four areas of academic work – teaching, research, leadership activities and knowledge exchange – in the current changing higher education context. Focus group and biographical narratives  were  conducted  as  methodological  strategies.  The  participants were  academics  of  a  Department  of  Education  in  a  Portuguese  public university.  Results  highlight  work  intensification  as  a  defining  feature  of academic identity. Through data analysis, it is also possible to identify the desire of articulating the four areas of academic work in order to break up with the work fragmentation.KEYWORDSAcademic identity; Higher education changes; Academic work intensification; Professional identity (re)construction
Variáveis pessoais e socioculturais de diferenciação das expectativas académicas: Estudo com alunos do Ensino Superior do Norte de Portugal e Galiza
Authors: Araújo Alexandra M. , Almeida Leandro S. , Costa Alexandra R. , Alfonso Sonia , Conde Ángeles , Deaño Manuel
Published: July 2016

Com a expansão do acesso ao Ensino Superior, nas últimas décadas assistimos a uma maior heterogeneidade de estudantes neste nível de ensino. Uma das variáveis que importa considerar na análise dos perfis de estudantes universitários são as suas expectativas académicas, uma vez que as mesmas estão associadas a níveis diferentes de envolvimento,permanência e sucesso escolar. Foi administrado um questionário de expectativas a uma amostra de 717 estudantes do 1º ano, portugueses e espanhóis, avaliando sete dimensões: i) Formação para o emprego e carreira;ii) Desenvolvimento pessoal e social; iii) Mobilidade internacional; iv)Envolvimento político e cidadania; v) Pressão social; vi) Qualidade da formação; e vii) Interação social. Os resultados foram analisados em função do país, do sexo e de os estudantes serem ou não de primeira geração (senenhum dos pais possui frequência do ES). As análises mostram que, de um modo geral, os estudantes espanhóis apresentam expectativas académicas mais baixas do que os estudantes portugueses. Por outro lado, observa-se um efeito de sentido inverso entre ser ou não estudante de primeira geração,sendo que estudantes cujos pais possuem formação superior apresentam expectativas mais elevadas em Portugal, ocorrendo uma situação inversa com os estudantes de Espanha. Algumas explicações são avançadas na interpretação destes dados. Palavras-chave: Ensino Superior; Expectativas académicas; Estudantes do primeiro ano;Variáveis socioculturais
Integración o inclusión: El dilema educativo en la atención a la diversidad
Authors: Alonso José Domínguez , Castedo Antonio López , Juste Margarita Rosa Pino , Varela Elia Vázquez
Published: July 2016

O sistema educativo espanhol advoga a inclusão educativa na atenção à diversidade dos alunos nos centros de ensino obrigatório. Realizou-se uma investigação qualitativa-quantitativa, cujo objetivo era comprovar a substituição paulatina da perspetiva integradora pelas práticas inclusivas nos centros educativos. Assim, os métodos foram implementados de maneira sequencial: numa primera etapa recolheram-se e analisaram-se os dados qualitativos (grupos de enfoque) e, numa segunda fase, recolheram-se e examinaram-se dados quantitativos (inquérito de opinião). A primeira análise mostra um predomínio de aspetos que dificultam a atenção à diversidade (64%), face aos que a favorecem (36%). A segunda reflete um predomínio do modelo de integração (74%), em detrimento do modelo de inclusão (26%). Além disso, a análise inferencial revela que quanto maior for a experiência docente, menor é a atenção concedida à diversidade, e vice-versa.