bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen leaching and groundwater recharge of alternative lawn conversions in subtropical climates
Authors: Boeri P. Agustin , Unruh J. Bryan , Kenworthy Kevin E. , Blount Ann R. S. , Schiavon Marco , Reisinger Alexander J. , Iannone Basil V.
Published: October 2024

Climate change, recurrent droughts, and increasing urban water demands have limited water availability in urban landscapes. Water quantity challenges have led to irrigation restrictions and turfgrass removal programs. An experiment was conducted at the University of Florida, West Florida Research and Education Center, Jay, FL, to evaluate the effect of turfgrass conversion to other landscape types on nutrient leaching and groundwater recharge. In April 2021, all surface vegetation was removed from existing turfgrass plots using a sod harvester. Thereafter, plots were planted or covered with three landscape types: a pollinator landscape with flowering forbs (Mimosa sp., Coreopsis sp., and Phyla sp.) + turfgrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides); a nitrogen (N)‐efficient lawn (Arachis glabrata + Paspalum notatum); and a low‐input landscape with unplanted woodchip mulch. Undisturbed turfgrass (E. ophiuroides) served as a control. For 2 years, leachate samples were collected weekly from previously installed 168‐L drainage lysimeters for NO3‐N and NH4‐N load determination. Temporal changes in landscape composition, groundwater recharge, water use, and soil bulk density were also quantified. While the mulch leached 44.7 kg ha−1 NO3‐N year−1, this landscape still offers positive attributes, including erosion protection and water conservation. Conversely, the pollinator landscape minimized nitrogen leaching (8.3 kg ha−1 NO3‐N year−1) due to their relatively greater water use rates (3.56 mm day−1). The turfgrass and nitrogen‐efficient lawn returned ∼35% of the water inputs as groundwater recharge while maintaining relatively low nitrogen leaching (3.6 and 2.7 kg ha−1 NO3‐N year−1, respectively), making these landscapes efficient for protecting both water quality and quantity.
Development of Brassica carinata A. Braun resistant to acetolactate synthase–inhibiting herbicides
Authors: Leon Ramon G. , Bennett Rick , Chandra Saket
Published: October 2024

Brassica carinata A. Braun (carinata) has become an important oil crop for biofuel production in subtropical regions. Carinata is highly sensitive to acetolactate synthase (ALS)‐inhibiting herbicides, limiting its introduction into existing crop rotations. The objective of the study was to develop carinata lines resistant to ALS‐inhibiting herbicides. A susceptible carinata line was crossed with a resistant Brassica napus L. line. Lines derived from those crosses were screened at high doses of imidazolinones, which allowed identifying five lines with high levels of resistance. Doses to reduce plant growth 50% (GR50) and cause 50% injury (ID50) were four to nine times greater than susceptible lines. Resistant lines exhibited cross resistance with halosulfuron (sulfonylurea). Resistance was confirmed under field conditions with doses 2X and 4X for imazethapyr and 4X–8X for halosulfuron of their respective label doses. While susceptible lines died, resistant lines exhibited no injury or growth reductions compared with nontreated controls. Sequencing of the ALS gene indicated that all resistant lines carried a Trp574Leu amino acid substitution, a mutation responsible for resistance in other species. Crosses between resistant lines and a susceptible line demonstrated that the inheritance of the mutation corresponded with the resistance phenotype in the F2. The resistance trait behaved as a single, fully dominant allele, which makes it easier to transfer it to carinata lines with desirable agronomic traits. The resistant lines developed here provide flexibility for use in multiple crop rotations and opens the possibility to use ALS‐inhibiting herbicides for weed control within this crop's growing season.
Single‐cell transcriptional atlas of human breast cancers and model systems
Authors: Altman Julia E. , Olex Amy L. , Zboril Emily K. , Walker Carson J. , Boyd David C. , Myrick Rachel K. , Hairr Nicole S. , Koblinski Jennifer E. , Puchalapalli Madhavi , Hu Bin , Dozmorov Mikhail G. , Chen X. Steven , Chen Yunshun , Perou Charles M. , Lehmann Brian D. , Visvader Jane E. , Harrell J. Chuck
Published: October 2024

Background

Breast cancer's complex transcriptional landscape requires an improved understanding of cellular diversity to identify effective treatments. The study of genetic variations among breast cancer subtypes at single‐cell resolution has potential to deepen our insights into cancer progression.

Methods

In this study, we amalgamate single‐cell RNA sequencing data from patient tumours and matched lymph metastasis, reduction mammoplasties, breast cancer patient‐derived xenografts (PDXs), PDX‐derived organoids (PDXOs), and cell lines resulting in a diverse dataset of 117 samples with 506 719 total cells. These samples encompass hormone receptor positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+), and triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes, including isogenic model pairs. Herein, we delineated similarities and distinctions across models and patient samples and explore therapeutic drug efficacy based on subtype proportions.

Results

PDX models more closely resemble patient samples in terms of tumour heterogeneity and cell cycle characteristics when compared with TNBC cell lines. Acquired drug resistance was associated with an increase in basal‐like cell proportions within TNBC PDX tumours as defined with SCSubtype and TNBCtype cell typing predictors. All patient samples contained a mixture of subtypes; compared to primary tumours HR+ lymph node metastases had lower proportions of HER2‐Enriched cells. PDXOs exhibited differences in metabolic‐related transcripts compared to PDX tumours. Correlative analyses of cytotoxic drugs on PDX cells identified therapeutic efficacy was based on subtype proportion.

Conclusions

We present a substantial multimodel dataset, a dynamic approach to cell‐wise sample annotation, and a comprehensive interrogation of models within systems of human breast cancer. This analysis and reference will facilitate informed decision‐making in preclinical research and therapeutic development through its elucidation of model limitations, subtype‐specific insights and novel targetable pathways.

Key points

Patient‐derived xenografts models more closely resemble patient samples in tumour heterogeneity and cell cycle characteristics when compared with cell lines.

3D organoid models exhibit differences in metabolic profiles compared to their in vivo counterparts.

A valuable multimodel reference dataset that can be useful in elucidating model differences and novel targetable pathways.
The effect of experiential learning on academic achievement of children aged 4–14: A rapid evidence assessment
Authors: Ranken Emily , Wyse Dominic , Manyukhina Yana , Bradbury Alice
Published: October 2024

Knowledge and its acquisition are central to the field of curriculum studies, but the ways in which empirical studies of pedagogical approaches relate to theories of knowledge acquisition are under researched. This paper reports the outcomes of a rapid evidence assessment about the impacts ofexperiential learning(EL), regarded by some as progressive pedagogy, on the school attainment of children aged 4–14. Database searches of the Education Resources Information Center, the British Education Index, the Teacher Reference Center, the Education Database and APA PsycINFO were carried out to review peer‐reviewed research studies published between 2013 and 2023. In total, 465 studies were screened for their relevance, and the Mixed methods appraisal tool was used to assess the methodological quality of relevant studies; 44 studies were included in the final analysis. The findings of the research showed the overall positive impact of EL pedagogies on children's academic achievement. Key examples of positive impact included evidence for the beneficial effects of EL on the achievement of children with lower academic achievement; strong links between EL and science achievement; and the positive impact that EL has on domain‐general academic skills including memory and vocabulary development. Some links between EL and children's motivation, engagement, agency, and wellbeing, factors which underpin academic achievement, are also noted. The findings indicate that EL can be a highly valuable approach to enhancing children's acquisition of knowledge, skills and understanding.
Characterization of the Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Pleurogenoides japonicus (Digenea, Pleurogenidae): Comparison With the Members of Microphalloidea and Phylogenetic Implications
Authors: Gao Jun‐Feng , Ma Tian‐Shuai , Hou Mei‐Ru , An Qi , Liu Xue‐Wei , Zhang Xin‐Hui , Wang Jia‐Wen , Zhou Lu , Wang Xue , Bai Xue , Jiao Chen‐Long , Lan Zhuo , Qiu Hong‐Yu , Wang Chun‐Ren
Published: October 2024

Pleurogenoides japonicus (Trematoda: Microphalloidea) is an important parasite in wood frogs with high infection rates and significant ecological, economic, and societal importance. The scarcity of molecular data for these parasites severely limits population genetics and phylogenetic studies. In the present study, for the first time, we determined and described the entire mitochondrial (mt) genome of P. japonicus as the first representative of the family Pleurogenidae. The entire mt genome of P. japonicus was circular, with 15,043 bp (GenBank accession number OR900118), containing 36 genes, comprising 12 protein‐coding genes (cox1–3, nad1–6, nad4L, cytb, and atp6), two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and two non‐coding regions. There were 23 intergenic spacers, ranging from 2 to 162 bp, and only one 40 bp overlap between nad4L and nad4 genes in the P. japonicus mt genome. The nucleotide composition of P. japonicus mt genome exhibited a strong AT bias with a 63.75% A + T content, while the AT‐ and GC‐skews were − 0.435 and 0.407, respectively. Comparative analysis demonstrated that the P. japonicus mt genome shared the most common characteristics with Microphalloidea trematodes, and the cox1 gene was the longest and most conserved gene in Microphalloidea trematodes. The gene arrangements of Xiphidiata trematodes were of the same order based on protein‐coding genes and rRNA genes, except for tRNA. More than two gene arrangement types exist in Echinostomata and Xiphidiata, and the gene rearrangement events mainly occurred in “trnE‐trnG” and “trnG‐trnE”. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that trematodes of the family Pleurogenidae clustered more with Prosthogonimidae than Eucotylidae. The mt genome data of P. japonicus provide an accurate genetic marker for further studies of Xiphidiata trematodes.
Globally Distributed Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated With Invasive Cinchona pubescens on Santa Cruz Island, Galápagos
Authors: Herrera Paulo , Haug Ingeborg , Suárez Juan Pablo , Jäger Heinke
Published: October 2024

The presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is essential for the survival and establishment of most plant species in nature. The reproductive success of invasive plant species in a particular habitat could also depend on these AM fungi. Cinchona pubescens, commonly known as quinine, is highly invasive on Santa Cruz Island, Galápagos, but at the same time severely endangered in its native range on mainland Ecuador due to overexploitation in the past. In this study, we aim at determining the AMF communities associated with C. pubescens at both locations to investigate whether the successful invasion of C. pubescens on Santa Cruz is related to its association with a particular community of AMF. For this, roots of C. pubescens trees were sampled at three sites, one site on Santa Cruz and two sites in the province of Loja, on mainland Ecuador. Communities of AM fungi were determined through the molecular cloning and sequencing of the 18S nrDNA gene and through the delimitation of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs), associated with the plant roots. We found 36 AMF OTUs associated with C. pubescens, most of them belonging to the genus Glomus. The highest richness of AMF OTUs was detected in samples from sites located on mainland Ecuador. The AMF communities between Santa Cruz and mainland Ecuador were significantly different, and only five OTUs were shared between both locations. Two dominant OTUs in C. pubescens from Santa Cruz were detected but no dominant OTUs from mainland Ecuador. Almost two thirds of the OTUs associated with C. pubescens had a wide global distribution. Our results suggest that the successful invasion of C. pubescens on Santa Cruz could have been facilitated by local generalist AMF and not by particular AMF. The observed generalist AMF from both locations could be important for conservation plans of restoring the endangered C. pubescens in the native forests on mainland Ecuador.
Convenient Synthesis of Dihydrobenzofuran‐Fused Spirocyclopentane‐1,2‐Diindolinone Scaffolds
Authors: Tang Ting , Han Ying , Yan Chao‐Guo , Huang Kun , Sun Jing
Published: October 2024

The diverse functionalized dihydrobenzofuran‐fused spirocyclopentane‐1,2‐diindolin‐one scaffolds were conveniently synthesized by base promoted domino cyclization reaction of MBH (Morita‐Baylis‐Hillmann) carbonates of isatins and 3‐(o‐hydroxybenzylidene)indolin‐2‐ones. The base promoted reactions of MBH maleimides of isatins and MBH formates of isatins with 3‐(o‐hydroxybenzylidene)indolin‐2‐ones afforded polycyclic dispiro[indoline‐3,4′‐benzofuro[2′,3′:1,5]cyclopenta[1,2‐c]pyrrole‐5′,3′′‐indolines] and dispiro[indoline‐3,1′‐cyclopenta[b]benzofuran‐2′,3′′‐indolines] in good yields and with high diastereoselectivity. More importantly, DMAP facilitated annulation reaction of MBH nitriles of isatins and 3‐(o‐hydroxybenzylidene)indolin‐2‐ones selectively resulted in dispiro[indoline‐3,1′‐cyclopentane‐2′,3′′‐indolines], while Cs2CO3 promoted reaction gave dispiro[indoline‐3,1′‐cyclopenta[b]benzofuran‐2′,3′′‐indolines] in high yields and with high diastereoselectivity. The relative configurations of the various polycyclic compounds were clearly elucidated by determination several single crystal structures.
Change in sprint cycling torque is not associated with change in isometric force following six weeks of sprint cycling and resistance training in strength‐trained novice cyclists
Authors: Connolly Shannon , Peeling Peter , Binnie Martyn J. , Goods Paul S. R. , Timmerman Wouter P. , Haddad Toni , Abbiss Chris R.
Published: October 2024

Strong relationships exist between sprint cycling torque and isometric mid‐thigh pull (IMTP) force production at one timepoint; however, the relationships between the changes in these measures following a training period are not well understood. Accordingly, this study examined the relationships in the changes of sprint cycling torque and IMTP force following six‐weeks of sprint cycling and resistance training performed by strength‐trained novice cyclists (n = 14). Cycling power, cadence, torque and IMTP force (Peak force [PF]/torque, average and peak rate of force/torque development [RFD/RTD], and RFD/RTD from 0 to 100 ms and 0–200 ms) were assessed before and after training. Training consisted of three resistance and three sprint cycling sessions per week. Training resulted in improvements in IMTP PF (13.1%) and RFD measures (23.7%–32.5%), cycling absolute (10.7%) and relative (10.5%) peak power, peak torque (11.7%) and RTD measures (27.9%–56.7%). Strong‐to‐very strong relationships were observed between cycling torque and IMTP force measures pre‐ (r = 0.57–0.84; p < 0.05) and post‐training (r = 0.63–0.87; p < 0.05), but no relationship (p > 0.05) existed between training‐induced changes in cycling torque and IMTP force. Divergent training‐induced changes in sprint cycling torque and IMTP force indicate that these measures assess distinct neuromuscular attributes. Training‐induced changes in IMTP force are not indicative of training‐induced changes in sprint cycling torque.
Using low‐cost, eco‐friendly natural and modified potato peels to effectively remove Mn(II) ions from aqueous solutions
Authors: Mutlu Canpolat , Altunkaynak Yalçın
Published: October 2024

The objective of this investigation is to look into the potential use of trash potato peels and processed potato peels as a solution for effectively removing Mn(II) ions extracted from aqueous solutions. The optimal working circumstances for removing Mn(II) ions from aqueous solution in PP are an initial concentration of 300 mg/L, an adsorbent dose of 0.3 g, a contact time (CT) of 100 min, and a solution pH of 6.08. The optimal working conditions for MPP were established to be an initial concentration of 300 mg/L, an adsorbent dosage of 0.15 g, a CT of 100 min, and a solution pH of 6.08. Studies were conducted at various temperatures to better understand the removal capabilities of adsorbent compounds. The removal abilities of Mn(II) ions for PP were determined to be 10.787, 13.698, and 16.556 mg/g at varied temperatures (25, 35, and 45°C), respectively. Under the same conditions, the removal capacity of MPP was determined to be 34.246, 45.045, and 51.813 mg/g. Further investigation of the adsorption kinetics revealed that the experimental results suited the pseudo‐second‐order model for both PP and MPP adsorbents. Thermodynamic analyses demonstrated that the endothermic process of Mn(II) metal ion adsorption onto the adsorbents occurred spontaneously. The study found that both PP and MPP were very efficient and ecologically friendly adsorbents for removing Mn(II) ions from aqueous solutions. Their demonstrated performance highlights their potential value in sustainable wastewater treatment applications, which accord with environmentally conscious behaviors.
Benchmarking the Performance of Lithium and Sodium‐Ion Batteries With Different Electrode and Electrolyte Materials
Authors: Paul Sandeep , Acharyya Debanjan , Punetha Deepak
Published: October 2024

Sodium‐ion (Na‐ion) batteries are considered a promising alternative to lithium‐ion (Li‐ion) batteries due to the abundant availability of sodium, which helps mitigate supply chain risks associated with Li‐ion batteries. Many studies have focused on the design of Li‐ion batteries, exploring their energy, power, and cost aspects. However, there is still a lack of similar research conducted on Na‐ion batteries. A comparison of the cell voltage characteristics and rate capability of sodium and lithium‐ion batteries using different types of electrodes and electrolytes. For sodium‐ion batteries electrolytes used are NaPF6 and NaClO4 and electrodes used are NaCoO2, NaNiO2, NaFePO4, (Na3V2(PO4)3), graphite, hard carbon, sodium metal, and sodium titanate. For lithium‐ion batteries with LiPF6 and KOH electrolytes and electrodes as LiCoO2, NMC, LVP, Li2MnSiO4, graphite, silicon, lithium titanate (LTO), lithium metal. A thorough analysis of six important performance metrics is part of the investigation: Ragone plots, Electrolyte salt concentration versus spatial coordinate, electrolyte potential versus spatial coordinate, Cell voltage versus battery cell state of charge, Cell voltage versus time, and state variable versus time. Comparing operating voltage and rated capacity NMC and graphite is selected for lithium‐ion batteries as this combination provides operating voltage up to 4.2 V and a rated capacity of 275 Wh/kg, for sodium‐ion for NaCoO2 and hard carbon which has an operating voltage of 2.5–3.8 V and rated capacity around 200 Wh/kg and another combination of electrode as NaFePO4 and sodium metal with NaClO4 electrolyte has a maximum operating voltage of 2.8–3.8 V and rated capacity around 200 Wh/kg. This paper shows significant influence of electrolyte selection on battery performance. The Ragone plots demonstrate that LiPF6 electrolytes in lithium‐ion batteries and NaPF6 electrolytes in sodium‐ion batteries both exhibit superior specific energy densities compared to their KOH and NaClO4 counterparts, respectively. The work presented in this paper encourages researchers to select alternate electrolytes and electrodes for lithium‐ion and sodium‐ion batteries in order to obtain optimal device performance.
Analysis of the association between microbiota and flavor formation during Zizhong Dongjian fermentation process
Authors: Li Zhang , Wang Miao , Yang Zhirong
Published: October 2024

Zizhong Dongjian (ZZDJ) is one of the most famous and popular fermented vegetables in China. The aim of this study was to explore the microbial communities and volatile flavor compounds of ZZDJ during different fermentation periods, as well as to reveal the potential correlation between microbiota and flavor. A total of 84 volatile flavor compounds were detected in 0‐year to 3‐year ZZDJ samples. Hydrocarbons were the most abundant flavor compounds in 0‐year and 1‐year samples, while esters became the predominant flavor components in 2‐year and 3‐year samples. Furthermore, Loigolactobacillus, Pseudomonas, and Virgibacillus were most predominant bacteria during the fermentation process of ZZDJ. Interestingly, all the fungi identified were yeasts. Among them, Zygosaccharomyces and Symmetrospora dominated alternatively throughout the fermentation process of ZZDJ. Through analysis of relativity between flavor compounds and microorganism of ZZDJ, we found that Uncultured Pseudomonas sp., Virgibacillus sediminis, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, and Symmetrospora marina might play important roles in flavor information of ZZDJ.
Associations of plasma omega‐6 and omega‐3 fatty acids with overall and 19 site‐specific cancers: A population‐based cohort study in UK Biobank
Authors: Zhang Yuchen , Sun Yitang , Song Suhang , Khankari Nikhil K. , Brenna J. Thomas , Shen Ye , Ye Kaixiong
Published: October 2024

Previous epidemiological studies on the associations between polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and cancer incidence have been inconsistent. We investigated the associations of plasma omega‐3 and omega‐6 PUFAs with the incidence of overall and 19 site‐specific cancers in a large prospective cohort. 253,138 eligible UK Biobank participants were included in our study. With a mean follow‐up of 12.9 years, 29,838 participants were diagnosed with cancer. The plasma levels of omega‐3 and omega‐6 PUFAs were expressed as percentages of total fatty acids (omega‐3% and omega‐6%). In our main models, both omega‐6% and omega‐3% were inversely associated with overall cancer incidence (HR per SD = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.96–0.99; HR per SD = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.97–1.00; respectively). Of the 19 site‐specific cancers available, 14 were associated with omega‐6% and five with omega‐3%, all indicating inverse associations, with the exception that prostate cancer was positively associated with omega‐3% (HR per SD = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01–1.05). Our population‐based cohort study in UK Biobank indicates small inverse associations of plasma omega‐6 and omega‐3 PUFAs with the incidence of overall and most site‐specific cancers, although there are notable exceptions, such as prostate cancer.
Quantile‐Based Test for Heterogeneous Treatment Effects
Authors: Chung EunYi , Olivares Mauricio
Published: October 2024

We introduce a permutation test for heterogeneous treatment effects based on the quantile process. However, tests based on the quantile process often suffer from estimated nuisance parameters that jeopardize their validity, even in large samples. To overcome this problem, we use Khmaladze's martingale transformation. We show that the permutation test based on the transformed statistic controls size asymptotically. Numerical evidence asserts the good size and power performance of our test procedure compared to other popular quantile‐based tests. We discuss a fast implementation algorithm and illustrate our method using experimental data from a welfare reform.
Experimental colitis is comorbid with social interaction deficits and anxiety‐like behaviors in mice: mechanistic intuitions into neuroinflammation and Claudin 5 expression in the hippocampus
Authors: Ebrahimi‐Dehkordi Sepehr , Anjomshoa Maryam , Ghasemi Sorayya , Saghaei Elham , Nasiri‐Boroujeni Shakiba , Amini‐Khoei Hossein
Published: October 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is accompanied by psychiatric disorders, including Schizophrenic‐like manifestations. Although incompletely illustrated, intestinal mucosal membrane damage and blood‐brain barrier (BBB) penetrability may have significant roles in psychiatric symptoms of IBD. This study aimed to investigate role of the Claudin‐5 (CLDN5) (a regulator of the permeability of BBB) and neuroinflammatory response in the comorbid behavioral disorders in experimental colitis in mice. Acetic acid was used to induce colitis in mice. 7 days after induction of colitis, behaviors including social interaction and locomotor activity as well as anxiety‐like behaviors were evaluated. Then, the colon was extracted for gross and microscopic evaluations. The expression of CLDN5, TNF‐α, IL1β and IL23 was measured by RT‐PCR in the colon and hippocampus. Histopathologic evaluations demonstrated mucosal, submucosal, and crypt‐related damages in the colon. The negative and positive number of social interactions significantly increased in the colitis group. A considerable increase in locomotor activities (horizontal and vertical components) shown in the colitis group. Mice in colitis group spent less time in the central zone in the open field apparatus. Gene expressions of TNF‐α, IL1β, and IL23 increased and CLDN5 decreased in the colitis group. The barrier function of the intestine and brain would be impaired, partially at least, following colitis (as we observed decrease in CLDN5 gene expression). Furthermore, we found that beside inflammatory response in the colon, a neuro‐immune response triggered in the hippocampus following colitis. These alterations probably, mediated comorbid behavioral disorders in acetic acid‐induced colitis in mice.
Vanillic acid ameliorates diethyl phthalate and bisphenol S‐induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of experimental rats
Authors: Eteng Ofem Effiom , Ugwor Emmanuel Ifeanyichukwu , James Adewale Segun , Moses Ceaser Antiya , Ogbonna Chukwuka Uzoamaka , Iwara Iwara Arikpo , Akamo Adio Jamiu , Akintunde Jacob Kehinde , Blessing Olokode Ayomide , Tola Yinus Mujeeb , Eru Eru Mba , Igiri Anozeng Oyono
Published: October 2024

Long‐term adverse effects on human health are caused by exogenous compounds that alter the functions of biological systems, especially neuroendocrine disruptors like diethyl phthalate (DEP) and bisphenol S (BPS). Although vanillic acid (VA) has pertinent neuropharmacological characteristics, its effect against DEP + BPS‐induced neurotoxicity has not been explored. This study proposed that VA may offer protection against the neurotoxicity caused by DEP + BPS. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly distributed across five groups: a control group receiving DMSO, a group exposed to a mixture of BPS and DEP, two BPS + DEP‐exposed groups treated with VA at doses of 25 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg, and a nonexposed group treated with 50 mg VA/kg. After 21 days, the hippocampal tissues were processed for biochemical analyses. Our results indicate that exposure to DEP + BPS upregulated neurosignaling mediators (NTPDase, ADA, MAO‐A, and Ca2+), inhibited others (AChE and Ca2+/Mg2+‐ATPase), decreased hippocampus antioxidants (GSH, GPx, CAT, and SOD), and elevated markers of oxidative stress/damage (NO, H2O2, MDA, and AOPP). AR, BAX, TNF‐α, BAK1, and IL‐1β expressions were upregulated, while IL‐10 and BDNF expressions were downregulated. NF‐κB and caspase‐3/9 pathways were also upregulated. Co‐treatment with vanillic acid remarkably precluded these neurotoxic outcomes by improving neurosignaling, augmenting antioxidant status, abrogating oxidative damage, inflammation (TNF‐α, IL‐1β), and apoptosis (BAX, BAK1, caspase‐3/9). Vanillic acid also restored IL‐10 and BDNF levels, thereby exhibiting neuroprotective effects, corroborated by histological examinations. We posit vanillic acid as a safe and effective therapeutic agent against neurotoxicity occasioned by exposure to neuroendocrine disruptors.
The mechanistic pathway induced by fenpropathrin toxicity: Oxidative stress, signaling pathway, and mitochondrial damage
Authors: Soliman Maher M. , Tohamy Adel F. , Prince Abdelbary M. , Hussien Ahmed M. , Nashed Marsail S.
Published: October 2024

Fenpropathrin (FNP) is a kind of insecticide and acaricide known as pyrethroid. It is very effective, has a wide range of activities, and works quickly. Internationally, it is commonly considered the most powerful pyrethroid insecticide. Nevertheless, an increasing amount of data indicates a substantial link between Fenpropathrin and adverse effects on nontarget species, including liver toxicity, kidney toxicity, nerve damage, and reproductive toxicity. Oxidative stress plays a vital role in the toxicity of fenpropathrin, in addition to its mechanical mechanism. This study offers a thorough examination of the harmful effects of Fenpropathrin on oxidative and mitochondrial processes, as well as the signaling pathways involved in these effects. The significant impact of oxidative stress emphasizes the toxicity of Fenpropathrin.
Lead Independent Directors and Real Earnings Management
Authors: Bryan David B. , Mason Terry W. , West Ashley N.
Published: October 2024

Existing studies suggest that lead independent directors (LIDs) improve corporate governance, audit quality, and some aspects of financial reporting quality. We extend this line of literature by investigating whether there is a relation between firms with an LID and real earnings management (REM). In addition, we investigate this relationship further by looking at the impact of an audit committee, specifically, firms with an LID that either does or does not serve on the audit committee. Using four measures of REM, we find that firms with an LID are associated with less REM. Importantly, we only find consistent evidence of this association for firms with an LID who serve on the audit committee. Our findings, considered in conjunction with the results from prior literature, suggest that LIDs play a role in broadly improving financial reporting quality, especially when they are part of the audit committee.
The LTAR Cropland Common Experiment at the Kellogg Biological Station
Authors: Robertson G. Philip , Wilke Brook , Ulbrich Tayler , Haddad Nick M. , Hamilton Stephen K. , Baas Dean G. , Basso Bruno , Blesh Jennifer , Boring Timothy J. , Campbell Laura , Cassida Kimberly A. , Charles Christine , Chen Jiquan , Doll Julie E. , Guo Tian , Kravchenko Alexandra N , Landis Douglas A. , Marquart‐Pyatt Sandra T. , Singh Maninder P. , Sprunger Christine D. , Stegink Jason
Published: October 2024

The Kellogg Biological Station Long‐term Agroecosystem Research site (KBS LTAR) joined the national LTAR network in 2015 to represent a northeast portion of the North Central Region, extending across 76,000 km2 of southern Michigan and northern Indiana. Regional cropping systems are dominated by corn (Zea mays)–soybean (Glycine max) rotations managed with conventional tillage, industry‐average rates of fertilizer and pesticide inputs uniformly applied, few cover crops, and little animal integration. In 2020, KBS LTAR initiated the Aspirational Cropping System Experiment as part of the LTAR Common Experiment, a co‐production model wherein stakeholders and researchers collaborate to advance transformative change in agriculture. The Aspirational (ASP) cropping system treatment, designed by a team of agronomists, farmers, scientists, and other stakeholders, is a five‐crop rotation of corn, soybean, winter wheat (Triticum aestivum), winter canola (Brassicus napus), and a diverse forage mix. All phases are managed with continuous no‐till, variable rate fertilizer inputs, and integrated pest management to provide benefits related to economic returns, water quality, greenhouse gas mitigation, soil health, biodiversity, and social well‐being. Cover crops follow corn and winter wheat, with fall‐planted crops in the rotation providing winter cover in other years. The experiment is replicated with all rotation phases at both the plot and field scales and with perennial prairie strips in consistently low‐producing areas of ASP fields. The prevailing practice (or Business as usual [BAU]) treatment mirrors regional prevailing practices as revealed by farmer surveys. Stakeholders and researchers evaluate the success of the ASP and BAU systems annually and implement management changes on a 5‐year cycle.
CD19‐targeting chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy is safe and effective for intra‐cardiac B cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Chen Daniel H. , O'Reilly Maeve , Cheok Kathleen P. , Low Ryan , Puranik Rajesh , Clark Samuel , Walker John Malcolm , Manisty Charlotte , Ghosh Arjun K. , Roddie Claire
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell (CAR‐T) therapy is highly effective in B‐cell blood cancers, but there is limited data on its safety and efficacy in intra‐cardiac lymphoma, due to the potential risks of cardiotoxicity and pseudo‐progression.

Discussion

We discuss four high‐risk cases that were managed with a multi‐disciplinary approach, including baseline cardiac risk assessment and surveillance with multimodal cardiac imaging and serum cardiac biomarkers, elective supportive care in the intensive care unit, and early treatment of cytokine release syndrome.

Conclusion

CAR‐T therapy can be effective and safe in the treatment of B‐cell blood cancers with intra‐cardiac disease.
Identification of patients on chronic prescription opioids at risk for opioid use disorder using pharmacy claims data
Authors: Jantzen Aleesha , Hall Scott Thomas , Lai Benjamin , Cunningham Julie L. , Odell Laura
Published: October 2024

Using pharmacy claims data from a single commercial health plan to identify opportunities for opioid use disorder (OUD) focused screening and interventions communicated via targeted prescriber messaging. Participants included members ≥18 years using more than 90 morphine milligram equivalents (MMED) daily based on all opioid claims, had >1 paid claim for an opioid product, and had ≥90 days of total opioid therapy. Members were excluded with ≥1 claims for an oral chemotherapy agent (except methotrexate). Intervention was completed with a secure communication to the primary outpatient opioid prescriber that included resources for diagnosis, treatment, and best practices for opioid prescribing. The main outcome measure was any documented change to opioid use following the intervention. Seven hundred forty‐five members were identified; a subset (n = 20) was further assessed, and all had identified OUD risk factors; providers were subsequently sent a communication. Sixteen providers acknowledged receipt and 11 patients (55%) had at least one documented intervention following communication receipt. Provision of targeted, evidence‐based recommendations to providers for patients identified to be at risk of OUD from pharmacy claims data can result in increased recognition and intervention. Future efforts to explore feasibility of provider education detailing efforts and continued evaluation of efficacy are needed.
Patient‐Initiated Communication After Parotidectomy
Authors: Prince Andrew D.P. , Oslin Kimberly , Forner David , Smith Josh D. , Hershey Emma , Chionis Lisa , Allevato Michael , Prince Mark E.P. , Chinn Steven B.
Published: October 2024

Objectives

We sought to study the incidence of patient‐initiated communication after parotidectomy, identify patient and surgical factors associated with patient‐initiated communication, and evaluate trends and possible areas for improvement.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent parotidectomy without combined procedures from 2018 to 2022 in a single tertiary‐care institution was performed. We reviewed all patient communications documented within the electronic medical record within 30 days of discharge. We categorized patient communications as requiring an action by the surgeon, instruction by support staff, or reassurance.

Results

A total of 363 patients were included. Most patients were women (55.4%), Caucasian (78.8%), and had an average age of 56 years ± 16. We found 123 (33.9%) patients initiated postoperative communications. Swelling (47.2%) was the most common concern followed by wound concerns (15.4%). Switching from planned inpatient to outpatient surgery increased (OR = 2.635; 95% CI = 1.200–6.146, p = 0.026) propensity for postoperative communication. We found 31 (25.2%) postoperative communications required an action by the surgeon, 40 (32.5%) required instruction by the support staff, and the other 52 (42.3%) required reassurance or clarification. Multivariate analysis showed swelling (OR = 6.5, CI = 2.2–19, p < 0.001), male sex (OR = 3.27, CI = 1.127–9.459, p = 0.029), previous smoking (OR = 3.468, CI = 1.181–10.185, p = 0.024), and cancer (OR = 6.862, CI = 1.757–26.804, p = 0.006) were predictive of requiring an action by the surgeon.

Conclusions

This is the first study to evaluate patient‐initiated communication after parotidectomy and found it occurred 33.4% of the time. We found significant opportunities to improve perioperative care, enhance patient satisfaction, and reduce the overall burden on medical personnel.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 135:1105–1112, 2025
Evaluating the Antibacterial and Anti‐Biofilm Properties of Chitosan Nanoemulsion Containing Euphorbia hebecarpa Plant Extract Against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Ameen Fuad , Almishrif Karimah , Al‐Masri Abeer A. , Alyahya Sami , Alfalih Abdullah
Published: October 2024

The use of nanoparticles as drug‐carrying systems in medicine has received much attention, and on the other hand, the use of plants with medicinal properties has advantages over synthetic drugs. This study aims to improve the antibacterial and anti‐biofilm properties of Euphorbia hebecarpa plant extract using chitosan nanoparticles. Extraction were performed using the modified maceration and methanol solvent. The agar disc diffusion method was carried out to investigate the antimicrobial effects and MIC at an optical density (OD) of 630 nm. The anti‐biofilm agent's influence was measured at OD 570 nm, and the metabolic activity of bacteria in the damaged biofilm was determined using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. The nanoparticles were obtained by following the ionic gelation method and its characteristics were evaluated. Chitosan nanoparticles loaded with plant extract were found to be spherical shape with hydrodynamic diameter of 142 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.184, a zeta potential of +28.6 mV. It was determined that the loading capacity (% LC) and encapsulation efficiency (% EE) percentages were 33% and 40%, respectively. The diameter of the inhibition zone in the agar disc diffusion test for both bacteria using nanoparticles loaded with the extract increased compared with control groups. Also, at a concentration of 4 mg/mL of loaded nanoparticles, 49.33% of Escherichia coli biofilm and 62.7% of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm were destroyed. The data obtained from the tests performed in this study show that the use of Euphorbia plant extract in the form of chitosan nanoparticles can have more antimicrobial and anti‐biofilm effects.
Preparation and Characterization of Lightweight Carbon Foam Derived From Silicon‐Containing Arylacetylene Resin With Antioxidant Properties and Excellent Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Performance
Authors: Shen Xuetao , Jin Chaoen , Wang Fan , Zhu Yaping , Deng Shifeng , Qi Huimin
Published: October 2024

In this study, carbon foam derived from silicon‐containing arylacetylene resin (CFPSA) was prepared by using silicon‐containing arylacetylene (PSA) resin as the carbon precursor and polyurethane (PU) foam as the organic sacrificial template. CFPSAs with diverse apparent densities were prepared through the simple impregnation of PU foam with PSA resin solutions of varying concentrations. Their structures, such as the pore morphology; chemical composition; thermal stability; compression properties, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE), were characterized. The results indicate that with an increase in the PSA resin concentration, the skeleton of CFPSA becomes thicker, the pore size slightly increases, the apparent density increases, the compressive strength increases, and the EMI SE slightly reduces. CFPSA‐10's apparent density is 0.032 g/cm3, its 5% thermal weight loss temperature (Td5) in an air atmosphere is 642°C, its thermal conductivity is 38.1 mW/m K, its specific compression strength is 2.45 MPa/g cm3, and its specific EMI SE divided by thickness (SSE/t) is 2367 dB cm2/g. CFPSA exhibits lightweight and antioxidant properties, as well as excellent electromagnetic interference shielding performance, presenting great potential for application in aerospace and other fields.
Characteristics of patients with liver tumors deemed ineligible for enrollment on Children's Oncology Group trial AHEP1531: An opportunity to expand inclusion criteria and improve outcome
Authors: Trobaugh‐Lotrario Angela D. , O'Neill Allison F. , Belmonte Katelyn A. , Malogolowkin Marcio H. , Tiao Greg M. , Geller James I.
Published: October 2024

Background

Specific patients with hepatoblastoma (HB) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) do not meet eligibility criteria for Children's Oncology Group (COG) trials, limiting an understanding of how comorbidities affect the outcome. We define such a population for future‐focused care improvements.

Methods

A questionnaire was sent to COG institutional principal investigators to obtain anonymized data regarding patients with a liver tumor diagnosis not enrolled on AHEP1531 due to ineligibility by trial criteria or other reasons (excluding parent/patient preference).

Results

Responses received for 55 patients (38 HB, 4 HCC, and 13 not reported) included 12 excluded from further analysis due to various factors, including lack of additional information. Five patients were eligible but not enrolled due to pandemic‐related staffing issues (n = 1) or the best interest of the patient (physician preference, n = 1; risk for poor tolerance of chemotherapy, n = 1; not specified, n = 2). The remaining 38 patients included 1 ineligible due to a prior malignancy, 9 due to performance status, and 4 due to timing requirements. Thirty‐five of 38 patients were ineligible due to organ function criteria (pulmonary/oxygen requirement, n = 25; renal, n = 10; liver, n = 4; cardiac, n = 3). Seven patients were ineligible due to two or more organ function criteria. Twenty‐five of 38 patients were reported to have a preexisting condition including 4 patients with trisomy 18.

Conclusions

Patients with HB, and potentially HCC, who are ineligible for COG trials are primarily patients with an oxygen requirement and/or renal insufficiency, often associated with preexisting congenital conditions. Such patients would benefit from future studies to improve outcomes.
The effect of hole‐making process on the performance of CFRP/Ti multi‐bolt joints and load distribution
Authors: Wang Chenguang , Gao Ruijun , Zou Fan , Fan Zhilei , Zhou Entao , Ge Ende , Zhu Lei , An Qinglong , Chen Ming
Published: October 2024

The CFRP/Ti multi‐bolt joints are commonly used in important structural parts of aircraft. These structure often adopts an integrated drilling method to improve manufacturing efficiency and avoid assembly problems. However, significant differences in material properties between CFRP and titanium alloy can affect hole accuracy, leading to deviations in hole‐size that impact joint performance. In response to these challenges, this study conducted experiments on the hole‐making process for CFRP/Ti laminated multi‐bolt joints and analyzed hole‐size characteristics and precision. The research investigated the effect of hole‐making processes on the static tensile and fatigue performance of CFRP/Ti three‐bolt single‐lap joints specimens and revealed the influence of hole‐size characteristics on load distribution among bolts. Results indicated that titanium alloy chip formation during CFRP hole drilling induced a microcutting effect on CFRP hole walls, resulting in stepped holes. The use of low‐frequency vibration‐assisted drilling improved chip removal and enhanced hole‐making precision. The use of the LDR‐LDR‐CD combined hole‐making process can mitigate the secondary bending phenomenon of critical bolt in CFRP/Ti three‐bolt, single‐lap joints specimens, thereby reducing local stress concentrations. This process combination effectively distributes bolt loads evenly, resulting in a reduction of the bolt load ratio in critical holes by 6.2%, and increases ultimate load and fatigue life by 6.7% and 47.7%, respectively. Therefore, in the hole‐making process of CFRP/Ti multi‐bolt joints, it is crucial to ensure that the precision of critical holes is lower than that of auxiliary holes to decrease the bolt load ratio in critical holes and enhance structural joint performance.

Highlights

Novel method for uniformly distributing load based on controlling drilling precision.

The formation process of CFRP/Ti hole diameter characteristics in different processes.

The LDR‐LDR‐CD can optimize load distribution, improve ultimate load and fatigue life.
Effect of electrochemical anodic oxidation modification on the interfacial properties of carbon fiber reinforced polyimide composites
Authors: Huang Chengyu , Zhang Peng , Liu Zhiwei , Sun Mingchen , Liu Hansong , Sun Jinsong , Li Bo , Zhao Yan , Bao Jianwen
Published: October 2024

This research involved the modification of carbon fiber (CF) through electrochemical anodizing under different conditions and focused on analyzing the impact of modifying CF surface and examining the interfacial characteristics of thermoset polyimide (PI) composites. The process of electrochemically oxidizing CF consists of two distinct stages. The oxidation stage mainly occurs under the conditions of low current intensity and low electrolyte concentration, at the graphite boundary defects on CF surface. The etching effect stage intensifies on CF surface under high current intensity and electrolyte concentration, resulting in the fracture and detachment of the carbon rings. Electrochemical oxidation improves CF roughness and the quantity of active functional groups, which enhances mechanical interlocking and chemical bonding between CF and PI. Furthermore, the introduction of reactive hydrogen groups can contribute to the PI curing process, significantly improving the weak interface bonding problem between CF and PI. The interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of the composites increased from 82.08 to 104.33 MPa and 114.08 MPa in acidic and alkaline electrolyte environments, respectively.

Highlights

Improved interfacial compatibility between CF and polyimide resin through electrochemical oxidation

The relationship between the physical morphology and chemical composition of the surface of CF and their interfacial properties was investigated.

The interfacial shear strength of CF/PI was increased by 38.99% without any loss in mechanical properties of the CF.

The electrochemical oxidation mechanism of CF under different electrolytes was revealed.