bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automation of literature screening using machine learning in medical evidence synthesis: a diagnostic test accuracy systematic review protocol
Authors: Zhang Yuelun , Liang Siyu , Feng Yunying , Wang Qing , Sun Feng , Chen Shi , Yang Yiying , He Xin , Zhu Huijuan , Pan Hui
Published: January 2022

Background

Systematic review is an indispensable tool for optimal evidence collection and evaluation in evidence-based medicine. However, the explosive increase of the original literatures makes it difficult to accomplish critical appraisal and regular update. Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have been applied to automate the literature screening procedure in medical systematic reviews. In these studies, different algorithms were used and results with great variance were reported. It is therefore imperative to systematically review and analyse the developed automatic methods for literature screening and their effectiveness reported in current studies.

Methods

An electronic search will be conducted using PubMed, Embase, ACM Digital Library, and IEEE Xplore Digital Library databases, as well as literatures found through supplementary search in Google scholar, on automatic methods for literature screening in systematic reviews. Two reviewers will independently conduct the primary screening of the articles and data extraction, in which nonconformities will be solved by discussion with a methodologist. Data will be extracted from eligible studies, including the basic characteristics of study, the information of training set and validation set, and the function and performance of AI algorithms, and summarised in a table. The risk of bias and applicability of the eligible studies will be assessed by the two reviewers independently based on Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2). Quantitative analyses, if appropriate, will also be performed.

Discussion

Automating systematic review process is of great help in reducing workload in evidence-based practice. Results from this systematic review will provide essential summary of the current development of AI algorithms for automatic literature screening in medical evidence synthesis and help to inspire further studies in this field.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO CRD42020170815 (28 April 2020).
Microbial and metabolomic mechanisms mediating the effects of dietary inulin and cellulose supplementation on porcine oocyte and uterine development
Authors: Men Zhaoyue , Cao Meng , Gong Yuechan , Hua Lun , Zhang Ruihao , Zhu Xin , Tang Lianchao , Jiang Xuemei , Xu Shengyu , Li Jian , Che Lianqiang , Lin Yan , Feng Bin , Fang Zhengfeng , Wu De , Zhuo Yong
Published: January 2022

Background

Dietary fiber (DF) is often eschewed in swine diet due to its anti-nutritional effects, but DF is attracting growing attention for its reproductive benefits. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of DF intake level on oocyte maturation and uterine development, to determine the optimal DF intake for gilts, and gain microbial and metabolomic insight into the underlying mechanisms involved.

Methods

Seventy-six Landrace × Yorkshire (LY) crossbred replacement gilts of similar age (92.6 ± 0.6 d; mean ± standard deviation [SD]) and body weight (BW, 33.8 ± 3.9 kg; mean ± SD) were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatment groups (n = 19); a basal diet without extra DF intake (DF 1.0), and 3 dietary groups ingesting an extra 50% (DF 1.5), 75% (DF 1.75), and 100% (DF 2.0) dietary fiber mixture consisting of inulin and cellulose (1:4). Oocyte maturation and uterine development were assessed on 19 d of the 2nd oestrous cycle. Microbial diversity of faecal samples was analysed by high-throughput pyrosequencing (16S rRNA) and blood samples were subjected to untargeted metabolomics.

Results

The rates of oocytes showing first polar bodies after in vitro maturation for 44 h and uterine development increased linearly with increasing DF intake; DF 1.75 gilts had a 19.8% faster oocyte maturation rate and a 48.9 cm longer uterus than DF 1.0 gilts (P <  0.05). Among the top 10 microbiota components at the phylum level, 8 increased linearly with increasing DF level, and the relative abundance of 30 of 53 microbiota components at the genus level (> 0.1%) increased linearly or quadratically with increasing DF intake. Untargeted metabolic analysis revealed significant changes in serum metabolites that were closely associated with microbiota, including serotonin, a gut-derived signal that stimulates oocyte maturation.

Conclusions

The findings provide evidence of the benefits of increased DF intake by supplementing inulin and cellulose on oocyte maturation and uterine development in gilts, and new microbial and metabolomic insight into the mechanisms mediating the effects of DF on reproductive performance of replacement gilts.
Mapping short tandem repeats for liver gene expression traits helps prioritize potential causal variants for complex traits in pigs
Authors: Wu Zhongzi , Gong Huanfa , Zhou Zhimin , Jiang Tao , Lin Ziqi , Li Jing , Xiao Shijun , Yang Bin , Huang Lusheng
Published: January 2022

Background

Short tandem repeats (STRs) were recently found to have significant impacts on gene expression and diseases in humans, but their roles on gene expression and complex traits in pigs remain unexplored. This study investigates the effects of STRs on gene expression in liver tissues based on the whole-genome sequences and RNA-Seq data of a discovery cohort of 260 F6 individuals and a validation population of 296 F7 individuals from a heterogeneous population generated from crosses among eight pig breeds.

Results

We identified 5203 and 5868 significantly expression STRs (eSTRs, FDR < 1%) in the F6 and F7 populations, respectively, most of which could be reciprocally validated (π1 = 0.92). The eSTRs explained 27.5% of the cis-heritability of gene expression traits on average. We further identified 235 and 298 fine-mapped STRs through the Bayesian fine-mapping approach in the F6 and F7 pigs, respectively, which were significantly enriched in intron, ATAC peak, compartment A and H3K4me3 regions. We identified 20 fine-mapped STRs located in 100 kb windows upstream and downstream of published complex trait-associated SNPs, which colocalized with epigenetic markers such as H3K27ac and ATAC peaks. These included eSTR of the CLPB, PGLS, PSMD6 and DHDH genes, which are linked with genome-wide association study (GWAS) SNPs for blood-related traits, leg conformation, growth-related traits, and meat quality traits, respectively.

Conclusions

This study provides insights into the effects of STRs on gene expression traits. The identified eSTRs are valuable resources for prioritizing causal STRs for complex traits in pigs.
A Pig-a conditional knock-out mice model mediated by Vav-iCre: stable GPI-deficient and mild hemolysis
Authors: Chen Yingying , Liu Hui , Zeng Lijie , Li Liyan , Lu Dan , Liu Zhaoyun , Fu Rong
Published: January 2022

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is a clonal disease caused by PIG-A mutation of hematopoietic stem cells. At present, there is no suitable PNH animal model for basic research, therefore, it is urgent to establish a stable animal model. We constructed a Pig-a conditional knock-out mice model by ES targeting technique and Vav-iCre. The expressions of GPI and GPI-AP were almost completely absent in CKO homozygote mice, and the proportion of the deficiency remained stable from birth. In CKO heterozygote mice, the proportion of the deficiency of GPI and GPI-AP was partially absent and decreased gradually from birth until it reached a stable level at 3 months after birth and remained there for life. Compared with normal C57BL/6N mice and Flox mice, pancytopenia was found in CKO homozygous mice, and leukopenia and anemia were found in CKO heterozygotes mice. Meanwhile, in CKO mice, the serum LDH, TBIL, IBIL, complement C5b-9 levels were increased, and the concentration of plasma FHb was increased. Hemosiderin granulosa cells can be seen more easily in the spleens of CKO mice. What’s more, CKO mice had stable transcription characteristics. In conclusion, our mouse model has stable GPI-deficient and mild hemolysis, which may be an ideal in vivo experimental model for PNH.
Kinetic modeling and process analysis for photo-production of β-carotene in Dunaliella salina
Authors: Xi Yimei , Zhang Jiali , Kong Fantao , Che Jian , Chi Zhanyou
Published: January 2022

Dunaliella salina is a green microalga with the great potential to generate natural β-carotene. However, the corresponding mathematical models to guide optimized production of β-carotene in Dunaliella salina (D. salina) are not yet available. In this study, dynamic models were proposed to simulate effects of environmental factors on cell growth and β-carotene production in D. salina using online monitoring system. Moreover, the identification model of the parameter variables was established, and an adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm based on parameter sensitivity analysis was constructed to solve the premature problem of particle swarm algorithm. The proposed kinetic model is characterized by high accuracy and predictability through experimental verification, which indicates its competence for future process design, control, and optimization. Based on the model established in this study, the optimal environmental factors for both β-carotene production and microalgae growth were identified. The approaches created are potentially useful for microalga Dunaliella salina cultivation and high-value β-carotene production.

Graphical Abstract
Metagenomic community composition and resistome analysis in a full-scale cold climate wastewater treatment plant
Authors: Jankowski Paul , Gan Jaydon , Le Tri , McKennitt Michaela , Garcia Audrey , Yanaç Kadir , Yuan Qiuyan , Uyaguari-Diaz Miguel
Published: January 2022

Background

Wastewater treatment plants are an essential part of maintaining the health and safety of the general public. However, they are also an anthropogenic source of antibiotic resistance genes. In this study, we characterized the resistome, the distribution of classes 1–3 integron-integrase genes (intI1, intI2, and intI3) as mobile genetic element biomarkers, and the bacterial and phage community compositions in the North End Sewage Treatment Plant in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Samples were collected from raw sewage, returned activated sludge, final effluent, and dewatered sludge. A total of 28 bacterial and viral metagenomes were sequenced over two seasons, fall and winter. Integron-integrase genes, the 16S rRNA gene, and the coliform beta-glucuronidase gene were also quantified during this time period.

Results

Bacterial classes observed above 1% relative abundance in all treatments were Actinobacteria (39.24% ± 0.25%), Beta-proteobacteria (23.99% ± 0.16%), Gamma-proteobacteria (11.06% ± 0.09%), and Alpha-proteobacteria (9.18 ± 0.04%). Families within the Caudovirales order:Siphoviridae(48.69% ± 0.10%),Podoviridae(23.99% ± 0.07%), andMyoviridae(19.94% ± 0.09%) were the dominant phage observed throughout the NESTP. The most abundant bacterial genera (in terms of average percent relative abundance) in influent, returned activated sludge, final effluent, and sludge, respectively, includesMycobacterium(37.4%, 18.3%, 46.1%, and 7.7%),Acidovorax(8.9%, 10.8%, 5.4%, and 1.3%), andPolaromonas(2.5%, 3.3%, 1.4%, and 0.4%). The most abundant class of antibiotic resistance in bacterial samples was tetracycline resistance (17.86% ± 0.03%) followed by peptide antibiotics (14.24% ± 0.03%), and macrolides (10.63% ± 0.02%). Similarly, the phage samples contained a higher prevalence of macrolide (30.12% ± 0.30%), peptide antibiotic (10.78% ± 0.13%), and tetracycline (8.69% ± 0.11%) resistance. In addition,intI1was the most abundant integron-integrase gene throughout treatment (1.14 × 104gene copies/mL) followed byintI3(4.97 × 103gene copies/mL) whileintI2abundance remained low (6.4 × 101gene copies/mL).

Conclusions

Wastewater treatment successfully reduced the abundance of bacteria, DNA phage and antibiotic resistance genes although many antibiotic resistance genes remained in effluent and biosolids. The presence of integron-integrase genes throughout treatment and in effluent suggests that antibiotic resistance genes could be actively disseminating resistance between both environmental and pathogenic bacteria.
Examining sex differences in the completeness of Peruvian CRVS data and adult mortality estimates
Authors: Castanheira Helena Cruz , Monteiro da Silva José Henrique Costa
Published: January 2022

The production, compilation, and publication of death registration records is complex and usually involves many institutions. Assessing available data and the evolution of the completeness of the data compiled based on demographic techniques and other available data sources is of great importance for countries and for having timely and disaggregated mortality estimates. In this paper, we assess whether it is reasonable, based on the available data, to assume that there is a sex difference in the completeness of male and female death records in Peru in the last 30 years. In addition, we assess how the gap may have evolved with time by applying two-census death distribution methods on health-related registries and analyzing the information from the Demographic and Health Surveys and civil registries. Our findings suggest that there is no significant sex difference in the completeness of male and female health-related registries and, consequently, the sex gap currently observed in adult mortality estimates might be overestimated.
The endometriosis daily diary: qualitative research to explore the patient experience of endometriosis and inform the development of a patient-reported outcome (PRO) for endometriosis-related pain
Authors: Guan Yanfen , Nguyen Allison M. , Wratten Samantha , Randhawa Sharan , Weaver Jessica , Arbelaez Felipe , Fauconnier Arnaud , Panter Charlotte
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Endometriosis is a chronic disorder of the female reproductive system characterized by debilitating symptoms, particularly endometriosis-related pain (ERP). Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures of symptoms and impacts are required to assess disease severity in ERP clinical studies and clinical practice. A content-valid instrument was developed by modifying the Dysmenorrhea Daily Diary (DysDD) to form the Endometriosis Daily Diary (EDD), an electronic PRO administered via handheld device.

Methods

Qualitative research with US females with ERP was conducted in three stages: (1) Development of an endometriosis conceptual model based on qualitative literature and conduct of concept elicitation (CE) interviews (N = 30). (2) Cognitive debriefing (CD) interviews (N = 30) conducted across two rounds to assess relevance and understanding of the EDD, with modifications between interview rounds. (3) Pilot testing to assess usability/feasibility of administrating the EDD daily on an electronic handheld device (N = 15). Clinical experts provided guidance throughout the study.

Results

The conceptual model provided a comprehensive summary of endometriosis to inform modifications to the DysDD, forming the EDD. CD results demonstrated that EDD items were relevant for most participants. Instructions, items, response scales, and recall period were well-understood. The resulting daily diary assesses severity of cyclic and non-cyclic pelvic pain, dyspareunia, impact of ERP on functioning and daily life, symptoms associated with ERP, and bowel symptoms. Participants were able to complete the diary daily and found the device easy to use.

Conclusion

The EDD demonstrated good content validity in females experiencing ERP. The next step is to perform psychometric validation in an ERP sample.
Do patient-reported outcome measures measure up? A qualitative study to examine perceptions and experiences with heart failure proms among diverse, low-income patients
Authors: Davis Jonathan , Olazo Kristan , Sierra Maribel , Tarver Michelle E. , Caldwell Brittany , Saha Anindita , Lisker Sarah , Lyles Courtney , Sarkar Urmimala
Published: January 2022

Background

The Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) is a Patient-Reported Outcome Measure (PROM) used to evaluate the health status of patients with heart failure (HF) but has predominantly been tested in settings serving predominately white, male, and economically well-resourced populations. We sought to examine the acceptability of the shorter version of the KCCQ (KCCQ-12) among racially and ethnically diverse patients receiving care in an urban, safety-net setting.

Methods

We conducted cognitive interviews with a diverse population of patients with heart failure in a safety net system to assess their perceptions of the KCCQ-12. We conducted a thematic analysis of the qualitative data then mapped themes to the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation Model of Behavior framework.

Results

We interviewed 18 patients with heart failure and found that patients broadly endorsed the concepts of the KCCQ-12 with minor suggestions to improve the instrument’s content and appearance. Although patients accepted the KCCQ-12, we found that the instrument did not adequately measure aspects of health care and quality of life that patients identified as being important components of managing their heart failure. Patient-important factors of heart failure management coalesced into three main themes: social support, health care environment, and mental health.

Conclusions

Patients from this diverse, low-income, majority non-white population experience unique challenges and circumstances that impact their ability to manage disease. In this study, patients were receptive to the KCCQ-12 as a tool but perceived that it did not adequately capture key health components such as mental health and social relationships that deeply impact their ability to manage HF. Further study on the incorporation of social determinants of health into PROMs could make them more useful tools in evaluating and managing HF in diverse, underserved populations.
Venous and arterial cerebral thrombosis: a COVID-19 dual pathology and single possible etiology—a case report
Authors: Roushdy Tamer , Sharaf Nouran K.
Published: January 2022

Background

Corona virus disease of the year 2019 (COVID-19) is still devastating the world for more than 19 months since its declaration as a pandemic by world health organization. Its manifestations does not stand at respiratory system but involves other body systems including central nervous system and its vasculature. In the following case report, cerebral venous and arterial thrombosis is detected in a case just in convalescence from COVID-19 with still detected positive IgM.

Case presentation

A 68-year-old female presenting with disturbed conscious level, bilateral convergent squint, single attack of generalized seizures, left sided dense weakness within a short time from catching COVID-19 and while still in quarantine hospital in recovery phase from infection. Magnetic resonance studies revealed bilateral cortical border zone infarcts as well as left lateral dural sinus and deep venous thrombosis.

Conclusion

Along the forth wave, COVID-19 is still hitting hardly the central nervous system vasculature.
QSAR studies of BBR analogues against coxsackievirus B1
Authors: Obadawo Babatunde Samuel , Asogwa Uchenna , Ali Abdualbaset Ahmed
Published: January 2022

Background

Coxsackievirus group B (CVBs) are common enteroviruses associated with several diseases from etiologically to inflammatory cardiomyopathies and constitute a severe cause of mortality in newborn resulting in severe meningitis, fulminant infection, myocarditis, and encephalitis. While Berberian (BBR) is an effective antivirus and possesses potentials of suppressing CVB replication, Zeng et al. explored a structural modification of BBR by incorporating a substituted primary amine enhance antiviral potency and safety. Based on data set from Zeng et al., we attempted to propose a QSAR model that can predict the bioactivity of unknown compounds as anti-CVB1.

Results

Among many descriptors, four were selected using the Genetic Functional Approximation (GFA). Internal and external validation was carried out on data set using statistical parameters. The QSAR model was seen to meet the minimum requirement with Lack of fit = 0.068744, R2 0.897, Adjusted R2 = 0.8627, cross-validated R2 = 0.76169, R2 predicted = 0.68.

Conclusion

The predictive ability of the model was found to be satisfactory and could be used for designing a similar group of compounds.
Pontic Greek cuisine: the most common foods, ingredients, and dishes presented in cookbooks and folklore literature
Authors: Keramaris Achillefs , Kasapidou Eleni , Mitlianga Paraskevi
Published: January 2022

Introduction

The Pontic Greeks, besides their long and distinguished history, have a special and important culture and identity, elements of which are still preserved and active by their descendants a century after their settlement in Greece. One element of their identity and culture is their basic yet diverse cuisine, which is an important and recognized local cuisine in contemporary Greece. This study aimed to identify the most common foods, ingredients, and dishes found in Greek Pontic Cuisine.

Methods

Six cookbooks, two cooking magazines, four folklore books, and four folklore magazines were reviewed in this study. A considerable amount of data was collected and processed using a text analysis tool.

Results and discussion

The study provides the most frequently encountered dishes, foods, and ingredients that feature in the publications. The most common dishes are soups, including tanomenon sorva (soup with coarse grains, salty strained yogurt, and mint). Among other dishes, siron (a pre-baked filo-based pastry dish), chavitz (a thick corn dish resembling porridge), and foustoron (an omelet with fresh cow butter) are quite common. Common staples are anchovies and greens. In cookbooks and cookery magazines, ingredients include butter, wheat, eggs, tomatoes, milk, bulgur, corn-flour, and cheese. Meanwhile, the study publications are an excellent way of passing down traditional food knowledge intergenerational, as they are largely descended from Pontic Greek progenitors.

Conclusion

After analyzing all the publications, it was declared that dairy products, grains, and vegetables were commonly used in Pontic cuisine. It was concluded that cookbooks are crucial for the preservation of the Greek Pontic culinary tradition.
Collagen-based materials in reproductive medicine and engineered reproductive tissues
Authors: Chen Hanxiao , Xue Luqi , Gong Guidong , Pan Jiezhou , Wang Xiaoling , Zhang Yaoyao , Guo Junling , Qin Lang
Published: January 2022

Collagen, the main component of mammal skin, has been traditionally used in leather manufacturing for thousands of years due to its diverse physicochemical properties. Collagen is the most abundant protein in mammals and the main component of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The properties of collagen also make it an ideal building block for the engineering of materials for a range of biomedical applications. Reproductive medicine, especially human fertility preservation strategies and reproductive organ regeneration, has attracted significant attention in recent years as it is key in resolving the growing social concern over aging populations worldwide. Collagen-based biomaterials such as collagen hydrogels, decellularized ECM (dECM), and bioengineering techniques including collagen-based 3D bioprinting have facilitated the engineering of reproductive tissues. This review summarizes the recent progress in applying collagen-based biomaterials in reproductive. Furthermore, we discuss the prospects of collagen-based materials for engineering artificial reproductive tissues, hormone replacement therapy, and reproductive organ reconstruction, aiming to inspire new thoughts and advancements in engineered reproductive tissues research.

Graphical abstract
Polycaprolactone strengthening keratin/bioactive glass composite scaffolds with double cross-linking networks for potential application in bone repair
Authors: Sun Liying , Li Shan , Yang Kaifeng , Wang Junchao , Li Zhengjun , Dan Nianhua
Published: January 2022

In this study, we aimed at constructing polycaprolactone (PCL) reinforced keratin/bioactive glass composite scaffolds with a double cross-linking network structure for potential bone repair application. Thus, the PCL-keratin-BG composite scaffold was prepared by using keratin extracted from wool as main organic component and bioactive glass (BG) as main inorganic component, through both cross-linking systems, such as the thiol-ene click reaction between abundant sulfhydryl groups of keratin and the unsaturated double bond of 3-methacryloxy propyltrimethoxy silane (MPTS), and the amino-epoxy reaction between amino groups of keratin and the epoxy group in (3-glycidoxymethyl) methyldiethoxysilane (GPTMS) molecule, along with introduction of PCL as a reinforcing agent. The success of the thiol-ene reaction was verified by the FTIR and1H-NMR analyses. And the structure of keratin-BG and PCL-keratin-BG composite scaffolds were studied and compared by the FTIR and XRD characterization, which indicated the successful preparation of the PCL-keratin-BG composite scaffold. In addition, the SEM observation, and contact angle and water absorption rate measurements demonstrated that the PCL-keratin-BG composite scaffold has interconnected porous structure, appropriate pore size and good hydrophilicity, which is helpful to cell adhesion, differentiation and proliferation. Importantly, compression experiments showed that, when compared with the keratin-BG composite scaffold, the PCL-keratin-BG composite scaffold increased greatly from 0.91 ± 0.06 MPa and 7.25 ± 1.7 MPa to 1.58 ± 0.21 MPa and 14.14 ± 1.95 MPa, respectively, which suggesting the strong reinforcement of polycaprolactone. In addition, the biomineralization experiment and MTT assay indicated that the PCL-keratin-BG scaffold has good mineralization ability and no-cytotoxicity, which can promote cell adhesion, proliferation and growth. Therefore, the results suggested that the PCL-keratin-BG composite scaffold has the potential as a candidate for application in bone regeneration field.

Graphical Abstract
Gold recovery from waste printed circuit boards of mobile phones by using microwave pyrolysis and hydrometallurgical methods
Authors: Huang Yu-Fong , Chou Szu-Ling , Lo Shang-Lien
Published: January 2022

Recycling of waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) has attracted increasing attention because of its high annually produced amount and high content of gold. In this study, gold recovery from waste PCBs was carried out by using the processes including microwave pyrolysis, acid leaching, solvent extraction and oxidative precipitation. The leaching efficiency of copper was approximately 95% when using a lixiviant composed of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide, and the leaching efficiencies of gold were approximately 59, 95 and 95% by using thiourea, thiosulfate and aqua regia, respectively. The gold ions contained in the leachate previously produced by the leaching processes were not satisfactorily extracted by using organic solvents including di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid, tributyl phosphate, dibutyl carbitol and trioctylamine, so the leachate was decided to bypass solvent extraction and directly apply to the oxidative precipitation process. By using the oxidants of hydrogen peroxide and perchloric acid, the precipitation efficiencies of gold were approximately 95 and 99%, and the final recovery rates were approximately 90 and 93%, respectively. The high recovery rates of gold can be attributable to the use of microwave pyrolysis that prevents the loss of gold caused by shredding and grinding processes. In addition, perchloric acid can provide higher selectivity for gold recovery than hydrogen peroxide. The maximum processing capacity of microwave pyrolysis of waste PCBs would be approximately 1.23 kg. The gold recovered from 1 t of waste PCBs can be sold for approximately USD 10,000, and thus the return on investment can be as high as approximately 1400%.
Toward the formulation of a proposed frame for the formal and structural specifications of the modern parametric digital architecture
Authors: Tantawy Amal R.
Published: January 2022

Background

This research paper contributes to presenting a proposed framework for the formal and structural specifications of parametric digital architecture in order to increase knowledge and know-how in this field closely to specialists and those interested in it through the research methodology, which is divided first into the theoretical background to include a presentation of the definition of digital architecture and the most important pioneers of digital architecture, digital building materials and construction mechanisms parametric digital and what are the most important computer software used in parametric digital architecture in terms of design and construction implementation and identifying the most important digital specifications and characteristics that were mentioned in previous studies in this field and what are the unconventional digital esthetic values, then comes the role of the applied study in formulating a comprehensive matrix of parametric design modern and its impact on the development of traditional architectural models in digital architecture.

Results

The research study found that both (unrealistic shape) and (typical interaction) ranked first with the highest percentage reaching 100% in all study cases. The ratio of the volume of each to the total volume of all elements of morphological characteristics and non-traditional esthetic values was 8%, the most important characteristic of buildings in parametric digital architecture, in most of them, is the lack of realism to a very significant degree, and we always find a clear increase in the interaction, vitality and dynamism of buildings with the surrounding environment.

Conclusions

The most important characteristic of buildings in parametric digital architecture, in most of them, is the lack of realism to a very significant degree, and we always find a clear increase in the interaction, vitality and dynamism of buildings with the surrounding environment. While we conclude that the least characteristic of the parametric digital buildings is the simulation of nature or the tendency to everything that is traditional, as well it is often inclined to everything strange and unfamiliar.
Pharmaceutical nanotechnology: from the bench to the market
Authors: Mazayen Zaed M. , Ghoneim Amira M. , Elbatanony Rasha S. , Basalious Emad B. , Bendas Ehab R.
Published: January 2022

Background

Nanotechnology is considered a new and rapidly emerging area in the pharmaceutical and medicinal field. Nanoparticles, as drug delivery systems, impart several advantages concerning improved efficacy as well as reduced adverse drug reactions.

Main body

Different types of nanosystems have been fabricated including carbon nanotubes, paramagnetic nanoparticles, dendrimers, nanoemulsions, etc. Physicochemical properties of the starting materials and the selected method of preparation play a significant aspect in determining the shape and characteristics of the developed nanoparticles. Dispersion of preformed polymers, coacervation, polymerization, nano-spray drying and supercritical fluid technology are among the most extensively used techniques for the preparation of nanocarriers. Particle size, surface charge, surface hydrophobicity and drug release are the main factors affecting nanoparticles physical stability and biological performance of the incorporated drug. In clinical practice, many nanodrugs have been used for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications and are being investigated for various indications in clinical trials. Nanoparticles are used for the cure of kidney diseases, tuberculosis, skin conditions, Alzheimer’s disease, different types of cancer as well as preparation of COVID-19 vaccines.

Conclusion

In this review, we will confer the advantages, types, methods of preparation, characterization methods and some of the applications of nano-systems.
Breeding for disease resilience: opportunities to manage polymicrobial challenge and improve commercial performance in the pig industry
Authors: Bai Xuechun , Plastow Graham S.
Published: January 2022

Disease resilience, defined as an animal’s ability to maintain productive performance in the face of infection, provides opportunities to manage the polymicrobial challenge common in pig production. Disease resilience can deliver a number of benefits, including more sustainable production as well as improved animal health and the potential for reduced antimicrobial use. However, little progress has been made to date in the application of disease resilience in breeding programs due to a number of factors, including (1) confusion around definitions of disease resilience and its component traits disease resistance and tolerance, and (2) the difficulty in characterizing such a complex trait consisting of multiple biological functions and dynamic elements of rates of response and recovery from infection. Accordingly, this review refines the definitions of disease resistance, tolerance, and resilience based on previous studies to help improve the understanding and application of these breeding goals and traits under different scenarios. We also describe and summarize results from a “natural disease challenge model” designed to provide inputs for selection of disease resilience. The next steps for managing polymicrobial challenges faced by the pig industry will include the development of large-scale multi-omics data, new phenotyping technologies, and mathematical and statistical methods adapted to these data. Genome editing to produce pigs resistant to major diseases may complement selection for disease resilience along with continued efforts in the more traditional areas of biosecurity, vaccination and treatment. Altogether genomic approaches provide exciting opportunities for the pig industry to overcome the challenges provided by hard-to-manage diseases as well as new environmental challenges associated with climate change.
Machine learning in perioperative medicine: a systematic review
Authors: Bellini Valentina , Valente Marina , Bertorelli Giorgia , Pifferi Barbara , Craca Michelangelo , Mordonini Monica , Lombardo Gianfranco , Bottani Eleonora , Del Rio Paolo , Bignami Elena
Published: January 2022

Background

Risk stratification plays a central role in anesthetic evaluation. The use of Big Data and machine learning (ML) offers considerable advantages for collection and evaluation of large amounts of complex health-care data. We conducted a systematic review to understand the role of ML in the development of predictive post-surgical outcome models and risk stratification.

Methods

Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we selected the period of the research for studies from 1 January 2015 up to 30 March 2021. A systematic search in Scopus, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and MeSH databases was performed; the strings of research included different combinations of keywords: “risk prediction,” “surgery,” “machine learning,” “intensive care unit (ICU),” and “anesthesia” “perioperative.” We identified 36 eligible studies. This study evaluates the quality of reporting of prediction models using the Transparent Reporting of a Multivariable Prediction Model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis (TRIPOD) checklist.

Results

The most considered outcomes were mortality risk, systemic complications (pulmonary, cardiovascular, acute kidney injury (AKI), etc.), ICU admission, anesthesiologic risk and prolonged length of hospital stay. Not all the study completely followed the TRIPOD checklist, but the quality was overall acceptable with 75% of studies (Rev #2, comm #minor issue) showing an adherence rate to TRIPOD more than 60%. The most frequently used algorithms were gradient boosting (n = 13), random forest (n = 10), logistic regression (LR; n = 7), artificial neural networks (ANNs; n = 6), and support vector machines (SVM; n = 6). Models with best performance were random forest and gradient boosting, with AUC > 0.90.

Conclusions

The application of ML in medicine appears to have a great potential. From our analysis, depending on the input features considered and on the specific prediction task, ML algorithms seem effective in outcomes prediction more accurately than validated prognostic scores and traditional statistics. Thus, our review encourages the healthcare domain and artificial intelligence (AI) developers to adopt an interdisciplinary and systemic approach to evaluate the overall impact of AI on perioperative risk assessment and on further health care settings as well.
Impact of long duty hours on education and well-being of diagnostic radiology residents: A national survey in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alhasan Ayman S , Alahmadi Shahad M , Altayeb Yara A , Daqqaq Tareef S
Published: January 2022

Objectives: The primary purpose of this study was to assess and report the perceived negative impact of long duty hours on education and personal well-being among medical trainees in the diagnostic radiology residency training program in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: This cross-sectional study used a questionnaire (sent by email) with eight indicators related to the education and well-being of radiology residents in Saudi Arabia during the academic year 2019–2020. Participants were given a five-point Likert response format for each indicator. The relative importance index (RII) was calculated to rank the different indicators.

Results: Our of 337 residents, 116 diagnostic radiology trainees completed the survey, with a response rate of 34.4%. A total of 102 (87.9%) indicated their preference for 16-hour shifts instead of the currently implemented 24-hour duty system. Using the RII, three items related to the post-duty day ranked at the top of the list. The negative impact on sleep rhythm during the post-call day ranked first (mean 4.23 ± 1.02, RII 0.84), followed by the impact on social life, family activities, and exercise during the post-call day (mean 4.09 ± 1.06, RII 0.81). The third highest ranking factor was missing academic activities on the post-call day (mean 3.91 ± 1.15, RII 0.78). There was no relationship between negative perception and gender (P > 0.05).

Conclusion: The 24-hour duty system had a negative impact on radiology residents’ education and personal well-being, especially for items related to the post-call day. Reforming duty hours should be considered to promote residents’ well-being.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.3.4440

How to cite this:Alhasan AS, Alahmadi SM, Altayeb YA, Daqqaq TS. Impact of long duty hours on education and well-being of diagnostic radiology residents: A national survey in Saudi Arabia. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(3):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.3.4440

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Analysis of clinical features of myasthenia gravis complicated with hyperthyroidism
Authors: Wang Yaxuan , Qi Guoyan , Yang Ying
Published: January 2022

Objectives: To investigate the clinical features of patients with myasthenia gravis complicated with and without hyperthyroidism.

Methods: A total of 2083 patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) admitted in Center of Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis Hebei Province between January 2013 and July 2020 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into two groups: Group-A and Group-B, with 108 MG patients complicated with hyperthyroidism in Group-A and 1975 MG patients without thyroid disease in Group-B. The age of onset, gender, Osserman classification, acetylcholine receptor antibody and thymus status of the two groups were analyzed in the two groups. Independent-sample t test was used for intra-group comparison, and χ2 test was utilized for comparison of enumeration data. P<0.05 indicates a statistically significant difference.

Results: The age of onset in Group-A was significantly lower than that in Group-B (p=0.000), the number of female patients was significantly higher than that in Group-B (p=0.037), and the level of Achrabs titer was significantly lower than that in Group-B (p=0.000). The incidence of thymoma in Group-A was significantly lower than that in Group-B (p=0.012), while the incidence of thymic hyperplasia was significantly higher than that in Group-B (p=0.000).

Conclusion: Patients with MG complicated with hyperthyroidism are mainly female, with a lower age of onset, a lower level of acetylcholine receptor antibody, a lower incidence of thymoma, and a higher incidence of thymic hyperplasia. The clinical features of such patients are remarkably different from those of MG without thyroid disease.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.3.4656

How to cite this:Wang Y, Qi G, Yang Y. Analysis of clinical features of myasthenia gravis complicated with hyperthyroidism. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(3):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.3.4656

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
White blood cell differential fluorescence abnormal scattergram: A useful indicator for early detection of malarial parasite
Authors: Rehan Madeeha , Khalid Attika , Nasreen Fariha
Published: January 2022

Background & Objective: Undiagnosed malarial infectionis associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Laboratory investigations leading to rapid, accurate and timely diagnosis of malaria is still a challenge. This study was done to assess the utility of abnormal White blood cell differential fluorescence (WDF) scattergram for diagnosis of malaria. Our aim was to study the utility of WDF scattergram for early detection of malarial parasite.

Methods: All EDTA anti-coagulated blood samples received in laboratory during a period from Dec 2019 to May 2020 were analyzed on anautomated hematology analyzer, Sysmex XN 1000. All abnormal WDF scattergrams pertaining to plasmodium specie were critically evaluated and recorded. Review of Leishman-stained peripheral smears as well as immune-chromatographic assay by rapid test devices (RTD) was done. Accordingly, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for detection of malaria by abnormal scattergram were calculated.

Results: Out of total 1, 26,000of samples analyzed, abnormal WDF scattergrams were detected in 96 cases. Amongst these, 95.8% (92) were positive for MP on Leishman-stained peripheral smear as well as on ICT with a p-value of 0.05. WDF scattergram abnormalities typical of malaria showed a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 93.26%. Positive predictive value of 95.8% whereas negative predictive value of 99.9% was detected. Significant findings of hemolysis, platelet clumps, nucleated RBCS (NRBCs) and RBC agglutination were noted in cases (n=4) with abnormal WDF scattergram negative for malaria on peripheral smear.

Conclusion: Interpretation of abnormal WDF scattergram not only increases the early detection rate for malarial parasite but isa strong indicator for presence of hemolysis, RBC agglutination, platelet clumps and leucoerythroblastic blood picture as well.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.3.4702

How to cite this:Rehan M, Khalid A, Nasreen F. White blood cell differential fluorescence abnormal scattergram: A useful indicator for early detection of malarial parasite. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(3):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.3.4702

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Effectiveness of Mobile Health Augmented Cardiac Rehabilitation (MCard) on health-related quality of life among post-acute coronary syndrome patients: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hisam Aliya , Haq Zia Ul , Aziz Sohail , Doherty Patrick , Pell Jill
Published: January 2022

Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of Mobile health augmented Cardiac rehabilitation (MCard) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among post-acute coronary syndrome (post-ACS) patients.

Methods: At the Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology (AFIC), a tertiary care hospital in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, a two-arm randomised controlled trial was conducted in which mobile health augmented cardiac rehabilitation (MCard) was developed and implemented on post-ACS patients from January 2019 until March 2021. The trial conforms to the CONSORT statement 2010. The post-ACS patients were randomly allocated (1:1) to an intervention group (received MCard; counselling, empowering with self-monitoring devices, short text messages, in addition to standard post-ACS care) or control group (standard post-ACS care). HRQoL was assessed by generic Short Form-12 and MacNew quality of life myocardial infarction (QLMI) tools. Participants were followed for 24 weeks with data collection and analysis at three time points (baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks).

Results: At baseline, 160 patients (80 in each group; mean age 52.66±8.46 years; 126 male, 78.75%) were recruited, of which 121(75.62%) continued and were analysed at 12-weeks and 119(74.37%) at 24-weeks. The mean SF-12 physical component score significantly improved in the MCard group at 12 weeks follow-up (48.93 vs control 43.87, p<.001) and 24 weeks (53.52 vs 46.82 p<.001). The mean SF-12 mental component scores also improved significantly in the MCard group at 12 weeks follow-up (44.84 vs control 41.40, p<.001) and 24 weeks follow-up (48.95 vs 40.12, p<.001). At 12-and 24-week follow-up, all domains of MacNew QLMI (social, emotional, physical and global) were also statistically significant (p<.001) improved in the MCard group, unlike the control group.

Conclusion: MCard is an effective and acceptable intervention at improving all domains of HRQoL. There was an improvement in physical, mental, social, emotional and global domains among the MCard group in comparison to the control group. The addition of MCard programs to post-ACS standard care may improve patient outcomes and reduce the burden on the health care setting.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.3.4724

How to cite this:Hisam A, Zia-ul-Haq, Aziz S, Doherty P, Pell J. Effectiveness of Mobile Health Augmented Cardiac Rehabilitation (MCard) on health-related quality of life among post-acute coronary syndrome patients: A randomized controlled trial. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(3):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.3.4724

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.