bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevention of Cytokine Release Syndrome in Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy
Authors: Yang Ruicheng
Published: January 2024

One of the most powerful forms of cancer immunotherapies is chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. Despite being fairly recent in terms of its development and approval, CAR T-cells show great potential as a treatment, since they can efficiently recognize and destroy tumor cells. However, due to the various toxicities associated with this treatment option, CAR T-cell therapy is usually advised as a last resort. The most prominent toxicity of CAR T-cell therapy is the onset of immunotoxicity, which includes Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS). This review will focus on the recent definition of CRS in general, the mechanisms of CRS progression, how tumor cell pyroptosis via. CAR T-cell therapy can trigger CRS, and the strategies to prevent CRS that have shown efficiency in the application of CAR T-cell patients. By the end, this article will highlight the combination of inhibitors of CRS to improve tumor therapy in the future.
Analysis of Social Isolation Factors of the Elderly in Beijing
Authors: Wang Qiaoqiao
Published: January 2024

Social isolation has long been playing a critical role but is under-recognized as a risk factor for poor health outcomes. The study aims to identify and analyze the sociodemographic factors among elderly people who are at higher risk of being socially isolated in Beijing. The study’s data is sourced from the Chinese Longitudinal Health Longevity Study in 2018 (CLHLS). The study uses the social isolation of the elderly as the dependent variable and the sociodemographic factors of social isolation of the elderly as the independent variable and then conducts ANOVA analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the study show that age, family structure, marital status, primary source of income, education level, and number of children born have a significant correlation with social isolation. While other factors such as gender, type of work before retirement, chronic disease status, and per capita monthly income of households, show no significant association with social isolation.
Application of cytokines in the treatment of breast cancer
Authors: Wang Zixin
Published: January 2024

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women globally. Breast cancer is still a major public health issue despite great advancements in diagnosis and treatment. In 2020, there will be about 2.3 million new cases of breast cancer, including about 600,000 deaths. In China, breast cancer is the most common cancer among women aged 15-44, and its mortality rate is on the rise. In recent years, researchers have focused on using cytokines as a potential therapy for breast cancer. Small proteins known as cytokines are essential in the immune system's response to cancer cells. This article discusses the current state of research on using cytokines to treat breast cancer. Specifically, it explores four methods of cytokine therapy: interferon therapy, tumor necrosis factor therapy, interleukin therapy, and colony-stimulating factor therapy. The article also examines the experimental evidence supporting the use of these therapies in treating breast cancer. Overall, this research suggests that cytokine therapy may hold promise as a new approach to treating breast cancer.
Targeting Metabolic Pathways Improves TNBC Therapy
Authors: Yang Yalan
Published: January 2024

Breast cancer (BC) accounts for a significant proportion of female tumor cases globally. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is its most difficult variant, which is defined by the absence of the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 expression. Aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) plays a pivotal role in TNBC, influencing both tumor microenvironment and immune responses. TNBC cells undergo metabolic reprogramming, favoring glycolysis over oxidative phosphorylation for energy production, leading to lactate accumulation and extracellular acidification in the tumor milieu, which exacerbates tumor proliferation, metastasis, and immunosuppression. This review delves into key glycolytic enzymes and regulators, including hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase M2, lactate dehydrogenase, and monocarboxylate transporters, as potential therapeutic targets. Highlighting promising preclinical evidence and clinical studies utilizing glycolytic pathway modulators, the review underscores their potential to reduce TNBC cell viability, curb growth, inhibit metastasis, and enhance chemosensitivity. Chemotherapy is still the most commonly used systemic treatment for TNBC, although immunotherapy, especially employing PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors, has advanced despite obstacles in the metastatic setting due to TNBC heterogeneity and changed immunogenicity. This review underscores the urgent need for tailored, effective therapies for TNBC patients, especially those with metastatic disease, shedding light on strategies to harness glycolysis for improving treatment outcomes.
Mechanisms of Cancer-Resistant Mammals
Authors: Ouyang Kaihao , Wang Junyu , Yue Ruhan
Published: January 2024

Cancer is a medical disorder when a few of the body’s cells multiply uncontrollably and extend in a considerable amount of time. Researchers are trying everything to find a solution for cancer. This review is mainly focused on elephants, bowhead whales, naked mole rats and their inner mechanisms, which make them resistant to cancer. Statistically, larger animals such as elephants have much more cells then human, which means that they ought to have more cases of cancer, but there is an inner mechanism, which works in these animals and makes them cancer resistant. Elephants possess unique p53 genes with 20 copies, while people only have one. If cells are severely damaged, the p53 genes instructs the cells to be destroyed due to potential cancer risk. This process appeared to cause them to activate the LIF6 gene, and that leads to apoptosis of shattered cells. Bowhead whales are able to repair double-strand breaks more accurately and more efficiently. Bowhead whales are less likely than humans to create removals when repairing mismatched DNA termini. Naked mole rat cells are immune to cancer as they are more susceptible to early and firsthand suppression, which is a mechanism that prevents tumors from forming. Unfortunately, humans are still clueless about how to transfer the cancer preventing methods which exist in these three magical organisms into human. Hopefully, with the rapid development of technology and advances in the biomedical field, one day scientists will be able to put these theories into practice.
Research on Computer Intelligent Evaluation Model of the Impact of Green Credit on the Operating Performance Using Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Yu Lintong , Li Qiulin , Liu Qiuqi , Liu Yan
Published: January 2024

Under the background of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals", green credit has become an important financial strategy to support green development, and commercial banks play a core role as the main force of implementing green credit policy. Based on the data of 10 commercial banks with relatively early and complete disclosure of green credit scale from 2016 to 2020, this paper establishes the operating performance evaluation system of commercial banks by using the principal component analysis(PCA)method, and establishes a fixed-effect model to empirically analyze the impact of green credit scale on the operating performance of commercial banks. The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between the scale of green credit and the operating performance of commercial banks. The implementation of green credit policy will improve the operating performance of commercial banks, and the promoting role of state-owned commercial banks is more prominent than that of small and medium-sized joint-stock commercial banks.
Application Research on a "5G+AI" Smart Elderly Care Service Platform System
Authors: Gong Geyong , Zhou Cun
Published: January 2024

Facing the growing demand for elderly care services in China, this paper designs a "5G+AI" smart elderly care service platform integrating 5G, AI, IoT, intelligent sensors and other technologies to open up channels for various elderly care providers, promote smart collaboration among service interfaces, service data and service resources, and further realize all-round elderly care support for the elderly at the individual, family and social levels, It provides a new solution to the increasingly serious elderly care problem.
The Analysis of English Sentence Components Based on Decision Tree Classification Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Hui
Published: January 2024

Decision tree is an important classification method in data excavation technology. It is a predictive analysis model expressed in the form of a tree structure (including binary trees and poly trees). The decision tree method is a more general classification function approximation method. It is an algorithm commonly used in predictive models to find some potentially valuable information by purposefully classifying a large amount of data. In this article, the author tries to analyze the English sentence components based on the decision tree classification algorithm. The author starts with the decision tree, extracts the decision tree rules, and generates a classifier by effectively sorting the decision tree rules, and applies it to classification prediction.
AI-based technology adhering in cyber security
Authors: Cao Qingxin , Liao Wenzhao
Published: January 2024

Under the background of increasingly serious information security threats, it has attracted wide attention to solve network security problems efficiently. As a security defense technology to protect the network from attacks, intrusion detection system plays a very important role in the field of computer system and network security.
Preface: 2nd International Conference on Green Environmental Materials and Food Engineering (GEMFE 2022)
Authors: Anderson Hermosa , Li Cunxu
Published: January 2024

We gratefully acknowledge the presence of all participants on the 2022 2nd International Conference on Green Environmental Materials and Food Engineering (GEMFE 2022), which was successfully held during November 19-20, 2022 in Tianjin, China. GEMFE 2022 aimed to provide a platform for experts and scholars, engineers and technicians, and R&D personnel to share scientific research results and cutting-edge technologies, understand academic development trends, broaden research ideas, strengthen academic research and discussion, and promote cooperation in the industrialization of academic results.

The primary goal of GEMFE 2022 is to promote research and developmental activities in energy technology, green environmental materials and food engineering and another goal is to promote scientific information interchange between researchers, engineers, students, and practitioners working all around the world.

About 90 participants from academic, high-education institutes and other organizations took part in the conference. The conference model was divided into two sessions, including oral presentations and keynote speeches. In the first part, some scholars, whose submissions were selected as the excellent papers, were given 10 minutes to perform their oral presentations one by one. Then in the second part, keynote speakers were each allocated 30-40 minutes to hold their speeches.

I would like to express special gratitude to members of the conference committee and organizers of the conference. I would also like to thank the reviewers for their valuable time and advice which helped in improving the quality of the papers selected for presentation at the conference and for publication in the proceedings.

GEMFE 2022 Conference Organizing Chair

Tianjin, China
The Effect of Different Heavy Metals on Human Health
Authors: Teng Jiaqi , Yu Xiyao
Published: January 2024

The effects of heavy metals on the human body have been extensively studied due to their potential to cause serious health issues. This research aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the adverse effects of these metals on various organ systems and highlight the importance of understanding their toxicological mechanisms. Mercury can disrupt neuronal function, leading to neurological symptoms and cardiovascular complications. Lead can impair cognitive function, causes behavioral disorders, and decreases IQ levels in children. Lead exposure is also associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Cadmium disrupts cellular homeostasis, induces oxidative stress, and interferes with calcium signaling. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the toxic effects of these heavy metals is essential for developing effective strategies to protect human health. Further research is needed to explore emerging issues, such as the combined effects of multiple heavy metals and the long-term consequences of exposure. By raising awareness of the detrimental effects of mercury, lead, chromium, and cadmium, this paper aims to emphasize the importance of minimizing exposure and implementing preventive interventions to safeguard human health.
The Brief Introduction Of CAR-T Cell Therapy in Cancer Tumors
Authors: Hu Shunan
Published: January 2024

CAR-T cell therapy shows revolutionary promises in the therapeutic treatment of cancer, offering the possibility of long-lasting remissions and potential cures for certain cancers. The principle of this immunotherapy is to improve patient's own T cells. It shows clinically significant efficacy in difficult-to-treat cancers. However, when overcoming solid tumors, this therapy encounters limitations of tumor infiltration, the multiple limitations of the tumor microenvironment, and the toxicity produced by CAR-T cells themselves. All these factors make the efficacy of CAR-T cell immunotherapy significantly reduced. The investigation of the causes leading to these issues is a central focus of research. The focus of this paper is on the accomplishments made in CAR-T cell therapy and the drugs that are currently available on the market. It will also cover current shortcomings of this immunotherapy and difficulties that need to be overcome. The paper will also cover a vision and prediction of future CAR-T cell therapy technology.
Status, Challenges, And Prospects Of PD-1/PD-L1 Antibodies Therapeutic of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhou Yutong
Published: January 2024

Breast cancer is a malignant tumor which has the highest incidence in the world, serious threatening to women's health. Surgery and chemotherapy are the general symmetric therapy for breast cancer. However, the worse prognosis is in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) compared with other types of breast cancer due to lack of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). The characteristics of low differentiation and high heterogeneity cause the tumor cells to metastasize more easily, resulting in less effect on traditional drug treatment. For now, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) show greater effect on treating some kinds of cancers by restoring T cells function. But the clinical results in TNBC are still not very satisfactory, some researchers suggest the combination treatment of ICIs with drug or target therapy can provide better effects. This review summarizes the results in clinical trials in both ICI and ICI-chemotherapy combination, describes the possibility explanations, and discuss the challenges and prospects of ICIs in the treatment of TNBC.
The Biological Function and Tumorigenesis Of ERK/MAPK Signaling in Melanoma
Authors: Jiang Lingyi
Published: January 2024

Melanoma, as a potentially lethal malignant tumor, has been increasing worldwide. As an aggressive and lethal skin cancer, discover the malignant melanoma at an early stage can reduce mortality. The deeper the tumor, the more difficult the prognosis of the melanoma, Timely detection and rapid treatment of melanoma is very important for the diagnosis of melanoma. Because the treatment of melanoma is resistant to conventional chemotherapy, the direction of treatment has shifted to molecular targeted therapy. The MAPK pathway is a central signal transduction element that regulates basic physiological activities such as cell proliferation and apoptosis, the occurrence and development of tumors. The over-activation of ERK Assume a pivotal role. RAS/Raf/MAPK (MEK) /ERK pathway is a part of the MAPK signaling pathway, which is the most pivotal signaling cascade. RAS/Raf/ MEK/ERK (MAPK) pathway inhibitors have shown significant results in the clinical treatment of tumors, and can slow the development of the disease. In this review, we discussed the principles, methods and recent progress in the targeted therapy of melanoma.of the ERK/MAPK pathway.
Research Progress of Ascorbyl Palmitate in Drug Delivery and Cancer Therapy
Authors: Chen Ye
Published: January 2024

Cancer treatment continues to face formidable challenges, including the side effects associated with traditional treatment methods, cancer cell resistance, and the lack of specificity in existing therapeutic drugs. The anticancer properties of ascorbic acid (AA) offer new hope for cancer treatment. As a derivative of AA, ascorbyl palmitate (AP) inherits the antioxidative properties of AA and is even more stable. Additionally, AP's amphiphilic nature allows it to be utilized as a nanoliposome. This paper summarizes various modification approaches of AP within drug delivery platforms, revealing its promising role in cancer therapy. Specifically, AP can be employed to modify liposomes, enhancing the targeting and stability of existing cancer drugs while reducing their toxicity. Additionally, AP is thought to have the potential to function as a cancer vaccine platform. Despite its limitations, using AP to treat cancer offers a novel viewpoint on cutting-edge therapeutic approaches and propels the development of current therapeutic methods.
Cutting Edge Research on Drug Treatment Strategies and Emerging Therapies for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Zhong Yi
Published: January 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline and the memory loss. As the global population ages, the burden of AD continues to rise, highlighting the urgent need for effective treatment strategies. This abstract presents a comprehensive review of cutting edge research on drug treatment strategies and emerging therapies for AD. Recent advancements in understanding the underlying pathophysiology of AD have led to the identification of novel targets for drug development. Innovative therapeutic approaches, including disease-modifying drugs, have shown promise in preclinical and clinical studies. This thesis discusses the latest research on anti-amyloidβ (Aβ) therapies, tau-based interventions, and inflammation-targeting drugs. Additionally, emerging therapies such as immunotherapies and gene therapies, and stem cell-based treatments are explored. The thesis emphasizes the potential of calcineurin and personalized approaches in AD treatment. The integration of biomarkers and neuroimaging techniques enables early detection and intervention, facilitating more targeted and effective therapies. Furthermore, the role of lifestyle modifications, such as diet, exercise, and cognitive training, is examined in the context of AD management. This article introduces the situation of the AD and the developing trend of the research on treatment of AD. By the power of innovative drug therapies, emerging technologies and holistic approaches, there is a flush of hope of slowing disease progression, improving cognitive function, and enhancing the quality of life for individuals affected by AD.
Role of Electromagnetic Activity in Cellular Mechanics
Authors: Liu Hanlin
Published: January 2024

The cell is the building block of life since it is the fundamental unit of all living things. Organelles, the cytoplasm, the nucleus, and other structures all have specific roles in cells. Genetic makeup, which controls cell growth, reproduction, and environmental response, determines the structure and function of cells. It is commonly known that cells communicate chemically and electrically. Cellular interactions via other physical fields are exactly the opposite. The electromagnetic field (EMF) is the most likely option for a different type of cellular interaction. This review delves into the role of electromagnetic fields in cells and their consequential impact on cell behavior. This gives a broad perspective on the basic construction and operation of cells, presents the notion of cellular mechanics, and deepens the understanding of the pivotal function of microtubules and centrosomes in cellular division. It also explores their interplay with the electromagnetic field. The discussion extends to how EMF influences ion channels on the cell membrane, a critical component in cellular communication, and the electrical properties of neurons. This review concludes by identifying the current limitations and gaps in EMF research in cells, such as constraints in experimental methods and technology, and the need for more comprehensive theories and models to fully understand these complex processes.
Main Methods and Development Prospect of Non-Operative Treatment of Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Herniation
Authors: Chen Liangyu
Published: January 2024

The study delves into the profound implications of non-operative treatments for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation, shedding light on the evolving trends within this treatment approach. A meticulous examination of the literature spanning from 2017 to 2023, with a specific focus on high-impact references, forms the foundation of this research. Non-operative interventions for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation remain a field ripe for practical exploration. The study highlights the pressing need for future research to fortify the methodology and efficacy of these non-operative treatments. It emphasizes the necessity of delving into the physiological and biochemical mechanisms that underlie these interventions. Moreover, the research advocates for an extension of intervention durations, enlargement of sample sizes, and fostering collaborations across multiple research centers to yield more comprehensive insights. In summary, the study underscores the imperative of further research in the realm of non-operative treatments for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation. It beckons researchers to embark on a journey of discovery, refining methodologies, uncovering underlying mechanisms, and broadening the scope of investigations.
Effect of the Number of Hidden Layer Neurons on the Accuracy of the Back Propagation Neural Network
Authors: Deng Tiancheng
Published: January 2024

Back propagation neural network (BPNN) is one of the most basic and commonly used models in machine learning. Hidden layers play a crucial function in maximizing the performance of neural networks, especially when solving complicated issues that demand strict adherence to accuracy and time complexity requirements. The only reliable ways at the moment are just experience and attempting each situation, as the process of determining the amount of Hidden Layer neurons is still unclear. To investigate this relationship, this article conducted extensive experiments involving designing and training the BPNN model with varying numbers of hidden layer neurons. Leverage benchmark data sets and quantify accuracy with appropriate error metrics. The analysis in this article focuses on understanding the impact of different neuron counts on network performance. Under specific assumptions, the findings show a relationship between the quantity of hidden layer neurons and BPNN accuracy. According to statistics of some recent neural network applications, it can be observed that if the number of neurons in the hidden layer is decreased, it will have an effect on the network's accuracy because complex problems with a small number of hidden layers may cause the network to be incorrectly trained; However, relative to the accuracy gain, the time complexity rises orders of magnitude as the number of hidden layer neurons exceeds the ideal amount.
Targeting Glucose Metabolism in Cancer Immunotherapy: A Promising Avenue for Enhanced Treatment Strategies
Authors: Zhang Christina
Published: January 2024

Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as an innovative strategy for treating multiple types of cancer. Recent breakthroughs have emphasized the significance of altering glucose metabolism in malignant cells; specifically, the heightened dependency of cancer cells on glucose metabolism (“Warburg effect”), where cancer cells alter their metabolic pathway so that they utilize glucose as an energy source, even when oxygen is present. This adaptation allows for rapid tumor cell proliferation, enabling them to grow and divide at an accelerated pace. Current research concentrates on the development of cancer treatments aimed at inhibiting glucose metabolism in cancer cells. This approach aims to improve the effectiveness of existing immunotherapies by utilizing the metabolic pathways of malignant cells through direct and indirect inhibition of glycolysis. This review discusses the interplay between glucose metabolism and immune response, explores current efforts in manipulating glucose metabolism for therapeutic benefits, and provides insights into future directions for optimizing this strategy.
The Challenge Facing CRISPR/Cas9 System: Off-Target Effects and Their Optimization
Authors: Sun Haotian
Published: January 2024

The field of genome editing has undergone a profound revolution with the emergence of CRISPR-Cas9 technology, which enables precise modifications to the genetic code. However, a critical concern is the possibility for the appearance of off-target, where the modifications induced by Cas9 nuclease are at non-intended targets. The mismatches of the seed sequence with the single guide RNA (sgRNA) and the inappropriate length of it could induce off-target effects. Moreover, the inflammatory response triggered by virus-mediated delivery methods may also be responsible for off-target. For the expected events, a large number of deletions of the sequences of the targeted sequence induced by CRISPR-Cas9 may bring the uncertainty of safety. The random changes of genes induced by CRISPR-Cas9 may affect future generations through gene drives, which still lacks long-term studies on long-lived organisms. The off-target effects could be detected by some sequencing methods such as GUIDE-seq, and ITR-seq; however, the suitable ways are situation-dependent. Eventually, the specificity of the technique may be improved through the predictions implemented by Deep Learning, enhancing fidelity and lowering the binding affinity of the Cas9, binding of dual sgRNAs, and delivery method of RNP complexes. This review introduced the causes, effects, and detection methods of the off-target and further discussed of several ways that can mitigate the off-target effects.
The Possibility of Using Proteins as a Treatment of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Ma Xinran
Published: January 2024

Atherosclerosis is a type of heart disease in which most patients either have coronary disease or carotid disease. Patients with atherosclerosis have narrowed blood vessels due to the formation of plaque or the condensation of fat molecules in the blood. The death rate from atherosclerosis is not extremely high, but atherosclerosis can easily lead to fatal diseases like heart attack and stroke. Atherosclerosis can be prevented by keeping a healthy lifestyle and taking medicines, and severe cases can be treated with surgeries. Protein treatment is not widely used for the treatment of atherosclerosis, but some proteins like prosaposin and HMG-CoA display their essential role in the synthesis of plaque. Prosaposin affects the inflammation of macrophages in the cell by affecting mTOR and S6K1 signaling passageways. Inflammation is the root cause of atherosclerosis, and decreasing inflammation can lead to a decrease in plaque. HMG-CoA is another protein that can affect cholesterol synthesis, which is crucial in plaque formation. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, which can be called statin, blocks the HMG-CoA from functioning and decreases the rate of cholesterol formation. The possibility of using prosaposin and HMG-CoA as a protein treatment is proven, and future experiments could determine the method to apply the treatment in clinical trials.
Progress in the application of CRISPR/Cas system in the precise detection and treatment of diseases associated with viral infections
Authors: Tang Minxue
Published: January 2024

Various pathogens can cause infectious diseases, which can spread from one person or animal to another or even between humans and other animals. Microorganisms, viruses, and parasites make up the majority of pathogens. The disease can typically be spread through direct contact with infected people, contact with their bodily fluids and feces, their contaminated objects, vertical transmission (mom-to-child transmission), soil transmission, water transmission, food transmission, contact transmission, and oral transmission of feces and bodily fluids. The importance of treating infectious diseases is heightened by the fact that they are difficult to totally eradicate and are disseminated so widely. Now, CRISPR/Cas9 has been applied in the field of detection and treatment of diseases related to viral infection. It has the characteristics of high specificity and low off-target rate, and is an emerging approach for rapid and accurate detection of viral infection and safe and effective treatment of diseases related to viral infection. In recent years, the system has been successfully applied in the detection and treatment of many viruses such as HIV, HBV, HPV and multiple herpes virus, and the development prospect is broad. This review introduced the RNA-targeting CRISPR/Cas system's composition, structure, molecular mechanism, and potential application, focused on the research progress of the CRISPR/Cas system in the detection and treatment of viral infection-related diseases, and summarized and forecasted the development of relevant systems and related research.
Human-Animal Conflict Reasonable Solutions Based on National Condition in China
Authors: Shan Yuxin
Published: January 2024

This paper analyzes the current situation of human-animal conflict in China, adopts the research methods of investigation and literature research, and finally obtains the results that are specific to individual cases. This paper analyzes the conflict between Elephas maximus and human beings in Xishuangbanna, and the disturbance brought by birds to residents' lives in Shanghai, and discusses the causes and status quo of these phenomena respectively. In the second half of this paper discuss the solutions to the conflict between Elephas maximus and humans in Xishuangbanna and the disturbance caused by birds in Shanghai. At the same time, this paper also discusses the idea of the causes of the current situation of human-animal conflict in China, and the prospect of future solutions to the human-animal conflict. Overall, the purpose of this paper is to provide some references for solving the problem of human-animal conflict and to raise public awareness of peaceful coexistence with wild animals.
Application of CRISPR-Cas 9 system in cancer therapy
Authors: Ding Anqi , Gu Zhongjin , Chen Zihan
Published: January 2024

There are several gene editing technologies under the background of that time, such as ZFN and TALEN which are hard to use and have high cost. On the contrary, the efficiency and accuracy of CRISPR-Cas system has attracted the attention of scientists. CRISPR is a Short palindromic repeat sequence, and it is widespread in many prokaryotes. The first CRISPR was cloned in E. coli by scientists in 1987, and several other sequences were subsequently cloned. The Cas is a nuclease, then two of them cooperate to become the CRISPR-Cas system. It is not only an acquired immune defense mechanism of prokaryotes against virus, but also a tool for gene editing. As an emerging gene editing technology in recent years, CRISPR-Cas9 technology has been widely applied to the treatment of a variety of diseases. This review focused on the application of this technology in cancer. This review systematically introduced the working principle and immune mechanism of CRISPR-Cas9 and compared CRISPR-Cas9 technology with two previous generations of gene-editing technology, current application of CRISPR-Cas9 in cancer treatment, elaborating it with relevant examples, and finally pointed out the challenges of CRISPR-Cas9 in cancer treatment, looking forward to the development of this technology in the future. The purpose of the paper is to introduce and popularize CRISPR-Cas9 technology, and to provide a direction for future cancer treatment.
Application prospect of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing in epilepsy
Authors: Qiu Yiwen , Wang Jiaying , Yao Youhui , Yin Ziqiu
Published: January 2024

Epilepsy, a chronic noncommunicable brain disorder, is characterized by abnormal electrical activity in the brain, leading to seizures and disruptions in normal brain functions. Despite various known causes, a significant proportion of epilepsy cases remain unexplained. In recent years, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR-Cas9) technology has emerged as a powerful tool for genetic engineering. Compared with the first two generations of gene-editing technology, it has the advantages of low cost, easy design and easy operation. Utilizing CRISPR activation (CRISPRa), researchers have explored the potential of increasing the expression of genes involved in regulating synaptic interactions to control epileptic activity. Studies on transgenic mice have shown that upregulating the Kv1.1 gene (Kcnal1), which encodes for a voltage-gated potassium channel responsible for regulating neuronal excitability, can reduce seizures and improve cognitive function. Additionally, CRISPR-Cas9 has been instrumental in creating animal models to study epilepsy, providing insights into gene functions, disease mechanisms, and potential therapeutic interventions. However, further research is needed to fully explore the potential of CRISPR-based therapies for targeted treatment of epilepsy. This review systematically introduces the pathogenesis of epilepsy, including the origins and causes of epilepsy and the mechanism of seizure formation and further discusses the application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in epilepsy.
Research progress of HPV vaccine
Authors: Zhang Yiyao
Published: January 2024

HPV, whose full name is human papillomavirus, is common virus which can cause several kinds of disease includes all kinds of warts and even cancers. Studies show that almost 100% of cervical cancers are caused by HPV infection. Nearly 600,000 people worldwide are infected with HPV each year, and more than 300,000 of them die from cervical cancer. Efficient therapeutic vaccine has not been produced nowadays so prophylactic vaccine is the only choice for people who do not want to be infected by HPV. There are 4 types of proven vaccine of HPV in the world and they cover different subtypes, which mainly include bivalent HPV vaccine, 4-valent HPV vaccine and 9-valent HPV vaccine. Bivalent HPV vaccine can prevent more than 70% of cervical cancer caused by HPV.   The 4-valent HPV vaccine can prevent 71% of cervical cancer caused by high-risk HPV viruses and about 90% of warts and other diseases caused by low-risk HPV viruses. 9-valent HPV vaccine, with a better protection, can prevent than 90% of cervical cancer.Moreover, various kinds of new vaccines of HPV are researching in the lab till today.
The Difference of Dogs Before and After Human-Interaction
Authors: Luo Nanzhi , Zhang Chenbiyu
Published: January 2024

The exploration of dog consciousness has become even more important since dogs cannot communicate thoughts and feelings through language as humans can. Research has shown that dogs have self-awareness and problem-solving skills, exhibit complex cognitive skills such as imitation, empathy, and memory, and are even aware of their body size. Interactions with humans have increased dogs' consciousness with cognitive abilities related to social interactions. Whether dogs have a similar consciousness to humans is currently unconfirmed, which is important for understanding animal cognition and consciousness. Wild dogs remain wild in their interactions with humans, and improved breeds of wild dogs have been purposely bred to be more docile to humans. The temperament, size, physical strength, and breed of wild dogs have changed in their interactions with humans, and the improved breeds have benefited more humans. This study also analyzed the origins of dogs and showed that dogs originated from wolves, which was accomplished through selective breeding by humans. With human intervention, the wolf's personality and physical characteristics changed dramatically. They share 99% of the DNA of their ancestors but bear little resemblance to each other in terms of behavior.
Current Study on Brain Computer Interface with Virtual Reality in Upper Limb Rehabilitation
Authors: Kong Lingfei
Published: January 2024

Cerebral stroke has been a great issue in the world due to its high mortality rate and disability rate. Rehabilitation for stroke patients has been a hot research field. However, conventional therapies for disabled patients depend mainly on medication and rehabilitation therapist, which is a painful and time-consuming process. Besides, the rehabilitation process requires volitional movement, which is a challenge for severe stroke patients. Therefore, researchers came up with an approach to combine brain-computer interface (BCI) with traditional therapies. Through brain-computer interface technology, researchers collect brain signals to strengthen the motor pathway. Virtual reality (VR) is also a new technique that can be utilized in rehabilitation. This paper studied research from several teams. A research team came up with a hybrid VR-BCI system and designed a classification model based on neural network. Another research team introduced an experiment on a VR- BCI combined platform called REINVENT. The team assessed the feasibility and effect of the platform by analyzing data collected during the study. In addition, A VR game was developed for mild patients. Current studies on VR-BCI combined system have proved its feasibility. However, more clinical data and further research are also needed to assess its effect on rehabilitation.
Cerebral Cavernous Malformation (CCM): Unraveling the Genetic Basis, Challenges in Diagnosis and Treatment, and Ongoing Research Efforts
Authors: Song Zhe
Published: January 2024

The weakened blood vessels associated with cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) can result in symptoms such as seizures, stroke-like symptoms, headaches, sensory disturbances, and life-threatening hemorrhages. Symptoms significantly impact daily life and may be challenging to diagnose due to their nonspecific nature. Diagnosing CCM can be challenging due to the lack of specific symptoms, and treatment decisions are complex, considering factors such as the location, size, and associated symptoms of the malformations, as well as the overall health of the individual. Treatment options range from conservative management to surgical interventions, each with its own benefits and risks. Ongoing research efforts focus on unraveling the genetic basis, underlying mechanisms, and potential targeted therapies for CCM. Advances in genetic testing and imaging techniques play a crucial role in improving diagnosis and treatment strategies. This article provides a comprehensive overview of CCM's epidemiology, genetic Basis, challenges in diagnosis and treatment, and ongoing research aimed at better understanding and managing this condition.
Antibody-Drug Conjugates in NSCLC and SCLC
Authors: Xiao Yufei
Published: January 2024

Lung cancer, the most prevalent type of cancer, would likely account for 1.8 million cancer deaths (18%) worldwide in 2020. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is more common in clinically diagnosed patients, whereas small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is less common but typically develops more quickly. However, traditional treatment methods, such as surgery, adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, have their limitations. Antibody-drug couplings (ADCs), one of the fastest growing cancer drugs of late, use exclusive binding of their monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) to the surface antigens of cancer cells to precisely deliver anti-cancer drugs to target cancer cells. ADC, which specifically targets cancer cells while preserving healthy ones, is a promising cancer treatment. Five ADCs approved by the FDA for solid malignancies, while numerous ADCs targeting NSCLC and SCLC are globally in number of clinical trials. This article reviews the therapeutic use of ADC in non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. Develop an understanding of the mechanisms and clinical effects of ADCs.
Protective Measures for Dalian Spotted Seal Reserve
Authors: Sun Xiaohan
Published: January 2024

Dalian Spotted Seal Reserve is one of the eight harbor seal breeding areas in the world. Leopard seals in the Liaodong Bay breeding area lack genetic gene exchange with other breeding areas in the world, and there is a phenomenon of reproductive isolation. They belong to a branch of the world's independently evolved leopard seals and have their own unique genetics, so are of high conservation value in this regard. This paper highlights the benefits that aquaculture and captive breeding bring to protected areas. The focus of aquatic products is mainly on the bottom-sown varieties. There is a foundation for artificial breeding, and what people need to do is to continue to expand the number and scope when there is sufficient funding. At the same time, this paper will clarify the relationship between them, and explain the measures and development of seal protection from the biological and economic perspectives. Both focus studies could help further protect seals.
Nicotine Addiction, Alcohol Use Disorder and Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Wang Zihan
Published: January 2024

Bipolar affective disorder has a wide range of effects on human health and is extremely harmful, and the mortality rate of patients continues to grow. Meanwhile, most people, especially those with mental illness, tend to numb themselves by smoking and drinking. Unfortunately, tobacco and alcohol abuse are also extremely harmful to human health, moreover, the cost of living will be increased due to addiction of these things. At the same time, the unconscious mind after using alcohol and tobacco has also brought great uneasiness to society, thus leading to increased burden on individuals and society. This review discusses the genetics, comorbidity, and treatment of nicotine dependence, alcohol use disorder, and bipolar disorder, and finds that the severity of bipolar disorder patients is positively correlated with the severity of alcohol use disorder and nicotine dependence. Both patients with bipolar disorder and alcohol use disorder exhibit mutations in the BDNF gene, and an age peak in bipolar disorder coincides with a peak in nicotine dependence. In the end, it is believed that the interaction between comorbidities may become a breakthrough in the diagnosis or treatment of bipolar disorder in the future, and the easy-to-observe alcohol and nicotine intake can be used to assist in judging the current state of patients.
Research on Improving the Quality of Rural Medical Services in Shandong Province Based on the SERVQUAL Model
Authors: Han Huiru
Published: January 2024

Rural healthcare is an essential aspect to consider in rural revitalization. Using the SERVQUAL model to examine the present state and challenges of healthcare service quality in Shandong Province, it was observed that rural people's perception of actual value falls short of their expectations in five different areas: tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. The primary challenges entail inadequate public health consciousness among particular villagers, deficient modernization of rural healthcare facilities, and illogical regional health strategizing. Hence, to enhance the standard of living in rural regions and foster the building of a rural public health network, it is imperative to take initiatives to enhance villagers' hygiene awareness, promote the modernization of rural medical aid, and enhance practitioners' expertise via various means.
Therapy Using CAR-T Cells for Lung Cancer: Mechanism, Application and Further Development
Authors: Chen Ziang
Published: January 2024

Cancer, a formidable medical challenge, arises when body cells proliferate uncontrollably, deviating from their normal growth patterns. With over a hundred unique types, each variant of cancer is characterized by its specific causes, symptoms, and treatment modalities. Virtually no organ or tissue in the human body is immune to the potential onslaught of this disease. Among the myriad of treatments available, CAR-T cell therapy stands out as a revolutionary approach, especially in the realm of lung cancer treatment. This cutting-edge immunotherapy harnesses the body's own immune system to combat cancerous cells. This review delves deep into the intricacies of CAR-T cell therapy, elucidating its underlying mechanism and its specific role in targeting lung cancer. Furthermore, the article sheds light on the current applications of this therapy, its potential side effects, and its prospective advancements, offering hope for a future where lung cancer can be more effectively managed or even eradicated.
Exploration and Outlook of Recent Applications of Paclitaxel in Breast Cancer Treatment
Authors: Yang Shurui
Published: January 2024

Breast cancer, as the most common malignancy in women worldwide, compels enormous efforts in therapeutic research. Paclitaxel, a microtubule stabiliser, has shown its versatility and efficacy in treating various breast cancer subtypes. However, its use is often associated with dose-dependent toxicity and tumour cell resistance. Recent advances in nanotechnology have opened new avenues for delivering paclitaxel, offering potential solutions to these problems. This study aims to summarise paclitaxel's latest applications and prospects in breast cancer treatment, focusing on nanoformulations. The research methods include reviewing and analyzing the latest data from preclinical testing of nano-paclitaxel formulations and their evaluation in clinical practice. In addition, paclitaxel's mechanism of action, clinical application, main side effects, and development of its nano-formulations are also extensively discussed. This paper thoroughly summarises the present condition and prospects of using paclitaxel for treating breast cancer, especially nanoformulations. It also highlights the need for continued research and development to improve the efficacy of paclitaxel and reduce its consequences to serve breast cancer patients better.