bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A dissolução da subjetividade na via estética de Nietzsche
Authors: Sales Juliana
Published: August 2018

Tem-se como objetivo deste artigo problematizar a questão da dissolução da subjetividade tal como aparece na obra-prima de Nietzsche, O Nascimento da Tragédia, ou Helenismo e Pessimismo, focando, sobretudo, nos capítulos introdutórios 3, 4 e 5. Ao longo de nosso estudo será analisado o percurso argumentativo que permitiu a Nietzsche abrir mão do sujeito centrado doador de sentido para propor, na verdade, seu completo desfazimento através da contemplação estética da arte dionisíaca. Conclui-se que o pensamento de Nietzsche se dá de tal maneira porque é enviesado em uma visão estética de mundo na qual a dicotomia sujeito e objeto não se aplica por completo.
A educação como valor intemporal
Authors: Silva Cláudia Maria Fidalgo da
Published: August 2018

O principal objectivo do artigo é pensar a educação como um valor intemporal. Apresentar-se-á um duplo sentido que esta intemporalidade pode assumir: A educação surge como um valor essencial, quer ao longo da história, quer ao longo da nossa vida. Tendo em consideração o primeiro sentido proposto (1), procurar-se-á realçar a sua intemporalidade, nomeadamente em terreno filosófico. Destacar-se-ão, neste sentido, as seguintes obras: (1.1) A República, de Platão; (1.2) O Mestre, de Santo Agostinho; (1.3) Emílio, de Rousseau, e (1.4) Pedagogia, de Kant. Relativamente ao segundo sentido, quanto à intemporalidade da educação ao longo da vida (2), destacar-se-ão os quatro pilares fundamentais desta mesma educação, como apresentados no pertinente Relatório para a UNESCO da Comissão Internacional sobre Educação para o século XXI: (2.1) aprender a conhecer; (2.2) aprender a fazer; (2.3) aprender a viver juntos; (2.4) aprender a ser. Por fim, pretender-se-á evidenciar a grande finalidade comum aos dois sentidos propostos: o aprender a ser.
TBMM TARAFINDAN DEVLET KURUMLARINA ÜYE ATANMASI İŞLEMİNİN HUKUKİ REJİMİ
Authors: NOHUTÇU Ahmet , ÖZİN Nazlı Ece
Published: August 2018

Makalenin konusu,

TBMM tarafından çeşitli devlet kurumlarına başkan ve üye atanmasıdır. Meclis

tarafından gerçekleştirilen üye atama işleminin hukuki rejimi incelenecektir.

Devlet tasarrufları, yasama işlemleri, idari işlemler ve yargı kararları olarak

üçe ayrılmaktadır. İlk olarak, yasama, yargı ve yürütme işlemlerinin idari

işlemlerle kıyaslaması yapılacaktır. Sonrasında ise, idare işlevi ve idari

işlem kavramları açıklanacaktır. Nihayetinde, konuyla ilgili Danıştay kararları

esas alınarak Meclis’in atama işleminin hukuki niteliği tartışılacaktır. Devlet

organlarının hukuki işlemlerini sınıflandırmak, söz konusu işlemlerin tabi

olacakları yargı mercilerini tespit etmek açısından önem taşımaktadır. TBMM’nin

Anayasa Mahkemesi tarafından denetlenen işlemleri Anayasa’da sayılanlarla

sınırlıdır. Üye seçimi işlemi, Anayasa’da sayılan işlemlerden biri değildir. Bu

durumda, Anayasa Mahkemesi’ne üye seçimiyle ilgili başvuruda bulunmak mümkün

değildir. Üye seçimi işlemlerinin idari işlem olarak kabulü, söz konusu

işlemleri idari yargı denetimine tabi kılacaktır. Aksi halde, Meclis tarafından

gerçekleştirilen işlemler yargı denetimi dışında kalmaktadır. Atama işleminin

idari işlem olarak kabul edilmesi, maddi ölçüt esas alınarak mümkündür. Maddi

ölçüt, hukuki işlemin içeriğine göre işlemi sınıflandırır. Maddi ölçüt uyarınca

işlemi tesis eden organ önemli değildir. 

Hukuk devleti ilkesi gereğince, bütün devlet tasarruflarının yargı

denetimine tabi olması gerekmektedir. Meclis tarafından gerçekleştirilen üye

atanma işlemlerinin maddi ölçüt esas alınarak idari işlem olarak kabul edilmesi

hukuk devleti ilkesine uygundur. Danıştay’ın RTÜK’le ilgili kararlarında da

maddi ölçütü esas alarak, atama işlemini idari işlem olarak kabul ettiği

görülmektedir.
SINIR AŞAN GÖÇLER: MÜLTECİ SORUNU VE GÖÇ YÖNETİMİ
Authors: Kılınç Aygül
Published: August 2018

Göç

olgusu, insanlık tarihi boyunca süreklilik sergileyen bir nüfus hareketidir.

İnsanlar, yaşadıkları ekonomik ya da politik sorunlar nedeniyle zaman zaman göç

kararı almak durumunda kalmıştır. Göç kararı alan insanlar, çoğunlukla refah

düzeyinin yüksek olduğu gelişmiş bölgelere yönelme eğiliminde olmuştur. Göçün

birden çok sebebi olmakla birlikte ekonomik nitelikli olanı, bilinen en yaygın

göç türüdür demek mümkündür. Son yıllarda Ortadoğu ülkelerinde yaşanan siyasi ve

ekonomik krizler, bu ülkelerde yaşayan insanların geleceğe ilişkin kaygılarını

artmıştır. Bölgede artan güvenlik/yaşam riski/kaygısı dolayısıyla insanlar,

kitlesel olarak yer değiştirmeye başlamış; sürekli savaş ve iç çatışma hali,

küresel ölçekte mülteci göçünü tetiklemiştir. Kitleler halinde yaşam alanlarını

terk eden insanlar, Türkiye ve gelişmiş Avrupa ülkelerine yönelmiş durumdadır.

Hedef ülkelerin maruz kaldığı bu yoğun göç baskısına çözüm arayışı, başta

Avrupa Birliği (AB) olmak üzere çok sayıda ülkenin öncelikli gündem konusu olmuştur.

Bu çalışmada, AB’nin düzensiz göçle mücadele için bölge ülkeleriyle ortak

politikalar üretme ve bu politikalara küresel ölçekte işlerlik kazandırma

girişimleri, analiz edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak denilebilir ki, AB’nin bölge

ülkeleriyle “ortak göç yönetim stratejisi ve mevzuatı” oluşturma girişimleri

sonucunda oluşan göç politikası/mekanizması, düzensiz göç sorununu çözmekten

uzak görünmektedir. Ayrıca bu politika/mekanizma, uluslararası koruma/iltica

mevzuatıyla paradoksal bir yönelim içinde bulunmaktadır.
Assessing and Interpreting the Within-Body Biogeography of Human Microbiome Diversity
Authors: Ma Zhanshan (Sam) , Li Lianwei , Li Wendy
Published: August 2018

A human body hosts a relatively independent microbiome including five major regional biomes (i.e., airway, oral, gut, skin, and urogenital). Each of them may possess different regional characteristics with important implications to our health and diseases (i.e., so-termed microbiome associated diseases). Nevertheless, these regional microbiomes are connected with each other through diffusions and migrations. Here, we investigate the within-body (intra-individual) distribution feature of microbiome diversity via diversity area relationship (DAR) modeling, which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been systematically studied previously. We utilized the Hill numbers for measuring alpha and beta-diversities and built 1,200 within-body DAR models with to date the most comprehensive human microbiome datasets of 18 sites from the human microbiome project (HMP) cohort. We established the intra-DAR profile (z-q pattern: the diversity scaling parameter z of the power law (PL) at diversity order q = 0–3), intra-PDO (pair-wise diversity overlap) profile (g-q), and intra-MAD (maximal accrual diversity) profile (Dmax-q) for the within-body biogeography of the human microbiome. These profiles constitute the “maps” of the within-body biogeography, and offer important insights on the within-body distribution of the human microbiome. Furthermore, we investigated the heterogeneity among individuals in their biogeography parameters and found that there is not an “average Joe” that can represent majority of individuals in a cohort or population. For example, we found that most individuals in the HMP cohort have relatively lower maximal accrual diversity (MAD) or in the “long tail” of the so-termed power law distribution. In the meantime, there are a small number of individuals in the cohort who possess disproportionally higher MAD values. These findings may have important implications for personalized medicine of the human microbiome associated diseases in practice, besides their theoretical significance in microbiome research such as establishing the baseline for the conservation of human microbiome.
Offset-Free Model Predictive Control for Active Magnetic Bearing Systems
Authors: Bonfitto Angelo , Castellanos Molina Luis Miguel , Tonoli Andrea , Amati Nicola
Published: August 2018

This paper presents the study of linear Offset-Free Model Predictive Control (OF-MPC) for an Active Magnetic Bearing (AMB) application. The method exploits the advantages of classical MPC in terms of stability and control performance and, at the same time, overcomes the effects of the plant-model mismatch on reference tracking. The proposed approach is based on a disturbance observer with an augmented plant model including an input disturbance estimation. Besides the abovementioned advantages, this architecture allows a real-time estimation of low-frequency disturbance, such as slow load variations. This property can be of great interest for a variety of AMB systems, particularly where the knowledge of the external load is important to regulate the behavior of the controlled plant. To this end, the paper describes the modeling and design of the OF-MPC architecture and its experimental validation for a one degree of freedom AMB system. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated in terms of the reference tracking performance, cancellation of plant-model mismatch effects, and low-frequency disturbance estimation.
Arabidopsis thaliana Immunity-Related Compounds Modulate Disease Susceptibility in Barley
Authors: Lenk Miriam , Wenig Marion , Mengel Felicitas , Häußler Finni , Vlot A. Corina
Published: August 2018

Plants are exposed to numerous pathogens and fend off many of these with different phytohormone signalling pathways. Much is known about defence signalling in the dicotyledonous model plant Arabidopsisthaliana, but it is unclear to which extent knowledge from model systems can be transferred to monocotyledonous plants, including cereal crops. Here, we investigated the defence-inducing potential of Arabidopsis resistance-inducing compounds in the cereal crop barley. Salicylic acid (SA), folic acid (Fol), and azelaic acid (AzA), each inducing defence against (hemi-)biotrophic pathogens in Arabidopsis, were applied to barley leaves and the treated and systemic leaves were subsequently inoculated with Xanthomonastranslucens pv. cerealis (Xtc), Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (powdery mildew, Bgh), or Pyrenophora teres. Fol and SA reduced Bgh propagation locally and/or systemically, whereas Fol enhanced Xtc growth in barley. AzA reduced Bgh propagation systemically and enhanced Xtc growth locally. Neither SA, Fol, nor AzA influenced lesion sizes caused by the necrotrophic fungus P. teres, suggesting that the tested compounds exclusively affected growth of (hemi-)biotrophic pathogens in barley. In addition to SA, Fol and AzA might thus act as resistance-inducing compounds in barley against Bgh, although adverse effects on the growth of pathogenic bacteria, such as Xtc, are possible.
Patient and Prescriber Views of Penicillin Allergy Testing and Subsequent Antibiotic Use: A Rapid Review
Authors: Wanat Marta , Anthierens Sibyl , Butler Christopher C. , Wright Judy M. , Dracup Naila , Pavitt Sue H. , Sandoe Jonathan A. T. , Tonkin-Crine Sarah
Published: August 2018

About 10% of U.K. patients believe that they are allergic to penicillin and have a “penicillin allergy label” in their primary care health record. However, around 90% of these patients may be mislabelled. Removing incorrect penicillin allergy labels can help to reduce unnecessary broad-spectrum antibiotic use. A rapid review was undertaken of papers exploring patient and/or clinician views and experiences of penicillin allergy testing (PAT) services and the influences on antibiotic prescribing behaviour in the context of penicillin allergy. We reviewed English-language publications published up to November 2017. Limited evidence on patients’ experiences of PAT highlighted advantages to testing as well as a number of concerns. Clinicians reported uncertainty about referral criteria for PAT. Following PAT and a negative result, a number of clinicians and patients remained reluctant to prescribe and consume penicillins. This appeared to reflect a lack of confidence in the test result and fear of subsequent reactions to penicillins. The findings suggest lack of awareness and knowledge of PAT services by both clinicians and patients. In order to ensure correct penicillin allergy diagnosis, clinicians and patients need to be supported to use PAT services and equipped with the skills to use penicillins appropriately following a negative allergy test result.
Experimental Research on Resilient Modulus of Silty Clay Modified by Oil Shale Ash and Fly Ash after Freeze-Thaw Cycles
Authors: Wei Haibin , Zhang Yangpeng , Wang Fuyu , Che Gaofeng , Li Qinglin
Published: August 2018

To dispose of the large amount of OSA (oil shale ash) and FA (fly ash) in Northeast China, a novel subgrade material obtained by modifying SC (silty clay) with OSA and FA was produced. First, the effect of F-T (freeze-thaw) cycles and stress states on the resilient modulus of unmodified SC and the modified SC were investigated. Second, the damage ratio was introduced to describe the relationship of resilient modulus versus F-T cycles. Third, the effect of F-T cycles on the microstructure of soils was investigated. The results indicate that in addition to stress state, resilient modulus is significantly influenced by F-T cycles. For unmodified SC, the resilient modulus continually decreases with increasing F-T cycles. As for the modified soil, the resilient modulus decreases sharply after the first F-T cycle and then tends to be stable. The damage ratio and its fitting equation are effectively adopted to describe the variation characteristic of the resilient modulus after F-T cycles. As observed from SEM testing, the effect of F-T cycles on soils is to destroy the initial structure and increase the porosity of soils. It could be concluded that the microstructure change during F-T cycles is the main factor that results in the decrease of the resilient modulus.
Multipartite Continuous Variable Quantum Conferencing Network with Entanglement in the Middle
Authors: Zhang Zhaoyuan , Shi Ronghua , Guo Ying
Published: August 2018

We suggest a continuous variable quantum conferencing network scheme with an entangled source in the middle. Here, the source generates a multipartite entangled state and distributes the modes of the state to an arbitrary number of legitimate network users. The entangled modes that were received and measured by the users share mutual information, which is utilized to generate secure conferencing key between users. The scheme is proven secure against collective attacks on both the untrusted source in the middle and all the quantum links. Simulation results show that the presented scheme can achieve high rate secure conferencing for 100 users within a 400 m-radius community or factory area.
Integrating Pediatric Hypnosis with Complementary Modalities: Clinical Perspectives on Personalized Treatment
Authors: Kaiser Pamela , Kohen Daniel P. , Brown Melanie L. , Kajander Rebecca L. , Barnes Andrew J.
Published: August 2018

While pediatric integrative medicine (PIM) emphasizes an “evidence-based practice using multiple therapeutic modalities”; paradoxically, literature reviews examining the prevalence and/or efficacy of such mind–body approaches often address PIM modalities separately. Such contributions are relevant, yet documentation of how to deliver combined complementary approaches in children and youth are scarce. Nevertheless, integrative practitioners in clinical practice routinely mix approaches to meet the individual needs of each patient. Best practices are flexible, and include blending and augmenting services within the same session, and/or connecting modalities sequentially for an incremental effect, and/or referring to outside resources for additional interventions. Resonating with integrative medicine’s definition, this article’s goal is to demonstrate paradigms that “bring together complementary approaches in a coordinated way within clinical practice” by linking clinical hypnosis, the trail-blazer modality in PIM’s history, with mindfulness, biofeedback, acupuncture, and yoga. Following the consideration of the overlap of guided imagery with hypnosis and an abridged literature report, this clinical perspective considers the selection of modalities within a collaborative relationship with the child/teen and parents, emphasizing goodness-of-fit with patients’ contexts, e.g., symptoms, resources, interests, goals, and developmental stage. Case vignettes illustrate practical strategies for mixing approaches.
A Privacy-Enhanced Friending Approach for Users on Multiple Online Social Networks
Authors: Aghasian Erfan , Garg Saurabh , Montgomery James
Published: August 2018

Online social network users share their information in different social sites to establish connections with individuals with whom they want to be a friend. While users share all their information to connect to other individuals, they need to hide the information that can bring about privacy risks for them. As user participation in social networking sites rises, the possibility of sharing information with unknown users increases, and the probability of privacy breaches for the user mounts. This work addresses the challenges of sharing information in a safe manner with unknown individuals. Currently, there are a number of available methods for preserving privacy in order to friending (the act of adding someone as a friend), but they only consider a single source of data and are more focused on users’ security rather than privacy. Consequently, a privacy-preserving friending mechanism should be considered for information shared in multiple online social network sites. In this paper, we propose a new privacy-preserving friending method that helps users decide what to share with other individuals with the reduced risk of being exploited or re-identified. In this regard, the first step is to calculate the sensitivity score for individuals using Bernstein’s polynomial theorem to understand what sort of information can influence a user’s privacy. Next, a new model is applied to anonymise the data of users who participate in multiple social networks. Anonymisation helps to understand to what extent a piece of information can be shared, which allows information sharing with reduced risks in privacy. Evaluation indicates that measuring the sensitivity of information besides anonymisation provides a more accurate outcome for the purpose of friending, in a computationally efficient manner.
Evaluating Functional Connectivity Alterations in Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Network-Based Statistics
Authors: Pascual-Belda Aitana , Díaz-Parra Antonio , Moratal David
Published: August 2018

The study of resting-state functional brain networks is a powerful tool to understand the neurological bases of a variety of disorders such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In this work, we have studied the differences in functional brain connectivity between a group of 74 ASD subjects and a group of 82 typical-development (TD) subjects using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We have used a network approach whereby the brain is divided into discrete regions or nodes that interact with each other through connections or edges. Functional brain networks were estimated using the Pearson’s correlation coefficient and compared by means of the Network-Based Statistic (NBS) method. The obtained results reveal a combination of both overconnectivity and underconnectivity, with the presence of networks in which the connectivity levels differ significantly between ASD and TD groups. The alterations mainly affect the temporal and frontal lobe, as well as the limbic system, especially those regions related with social interaction and emotion management functions. These results are concordant with the clinical profile of the disorder and can contribute to the elucidation of its neurological basis, encouraging the development of new clinical approaches.
Instability Analysis of Supercritical CO2 during Transportation and Injection in Carbon Capture and Storage Systems
Authors: Min Il , Kang Seong-Gil , Huh Cheol
Published: August 2018

Captured CO2 is in a subcritical state, whereas CO2 deep underground is in a supercritical state because of the high geothermal heat and pressure. The properties of CO2 can change rapidly at the critical point and in the near-critical region during the transportation and injection process. This study aims to identify the instabilities in the CO2 flow in these regions, along with the causes and effects, during the transportation and injection process, and propose relevant design specifications. Thus, the critical points and near-critical region of CO2 flow were numerically analyzed. The unstable region is presented in terms of temperature and pressure ranges, and the changes in the CO2 properties in this region were analyzed. In the unstable region, the sudden change in density was similar to the density wave oscillation of a two-phase flow. The CO2 stability map we obtained and the stability map of supercritical water show similar trends. Flow instability was also found to occur in standard CO2 transportation pipelines. We demonstrate that flow instability in CO2 transportation and injection systems can be avoided by maintaining the proposed conditions.
Joule Heating Effects in Electrokinetic Remediation: Role of Non-Uniform Soil Environments: Temperature Profile Behavior and Hydrodynamics
Authors: Torres Cynthia M. , Arce Pedro E. , Justel Francisca J. , Romero Leonardo , Ghorbani Yousef
Published: August 2018

Electrokinetic remediation is a process in which a low-voltage direct-current electric field is applied across a section of contaminated soil to remove contaminants. In this work, the effect of Joule heating on the heat transfer and hydrodynamics aspects in a non-uniform environment is simulated. The proposed model is based on a rectangular capillary with non-symmetrical heat transfer conditions similar to those found in non-uniform soil environments. The mathematical and microscopic model described here uses two key parameters in addition to the Nusselt number: the ratio between the Nusselt numbers calculated at both walls of the capillary, named R, and a function of this variable and the Nusselt number, indicated by F(R, Nu). Illustrations describing the five key regimens for the system behavior are presented in terms of ranges for R and F(R, Nu) values, which indicate the key role of the parameter R in controlling the behaviors of the temperature and velocity profiles. Prediction, analysis, and illustration of five different regimes of flow complete the study, and conclusions are given to illustrate how the behavior of the system is affected.
Flow of a Dense Suspension Modeled as a Modified Second Grade Fluid
Authors: Wu Wei-Tao , Aubry Nadine , Antaki James F. , Massoudi Mehrdad
Published: August 2018

In this paper, a simple shear flow of a dense suspension is studied. We propose a new constitutive relationship based on the second grade fluid model for the suspension, capable of exhibiting non-linear effects, where the normal stress coefficients are assumed to depend on the volume fraction of the particles and the shear viscosity depends on the shear rate and the volume fraction. After non-dimensionalizing the equations, we perform a parametric study looking at the effects of the normal stress coefficients and the variable viscosity. The numerical results show that for a certain range of parameters, the particles tend to form a region of high and uniform volume fraction, near the lower half of the flow.
Class, Shame, and Identity in Memoirs about Difficult Same-Race Adoptions by Jeremy Harding and Lori Jakiela
Authors: Novy Marianne
Published: August 2018

This paper will discuss two search memoirs with widely divergent results by British Jeremy Harding and American Lori Jakiela, in which the memoirists recount discoveries about their adoptive parents, as well as their birth parents. While in both cases the adoptions are same-race, both provide material for analysis of class and class mobility. Both searchers discover that the adoption, in more blatant ways than usual, was aimed at improving the parents’ lives—impressing a rich relative or distracting from the trauma of past sexual abuse—rather than benefiting the adoptee. They also discover the importance of various kinds of shame: for example, Harding discovers that his adoptive mother hid the close connection that she had had with his birthmother, because she was trying to rise in class. Jakiela imagines the humiliation her birthmother experienced as she tries to understand her resistance to reunion. Both memoirists recall much childhood conflict with their adoptive parents but speculate about how much of their personalities come from their influence. Both narrate changes in their attitudes about their adoption; neither one settles for a simple choice of either adoptive or birth identity. Contrasts in their memoirs relate especially to gender, nation, class, and attitudes to fictions.
Experimental Assessment of the Sealing Potential of Hydrated Solgel for the Remediation of Leaky Reservoirs
Authors: Garcia-Rios Maria , Gouze Philippe
Published: August 2018

The full-scale deployment of underground storage of CO2 in permeable sedimentary reservoirs depends strongly on the sealing capacity of the caprocks and wellbore cement that may be degraded leading to hydraulic discontinuities. Remediation technologies consisting in rebuilding the sealing capacity of the degraded material, or adding a new sealing layer, is a critical issue as part of the risk mitigation procedure required for underground CO2 storage. Actually, engineered Portland cement injection is the foremost available industrial technique; however, alternative products offering, for instance, better injection properties, are currently investigated with variable success so far. In this study, a new technique aimed at using a low viscosity hydrated solgel as sealant product in case of leakage is presented. Its low cost, high injectivity capacity and low density of the hydrated product (hydrogel) makes this technique attractive. The solgel synthesis was optimized for (1) reducing energetic and material costs; (2) improving the chemical and mechanical properties of the emplaced product and (3) controlling the duration of the aging process in order to form a solid hydrogel after a few days. Permeability tests that consisted of injecting the synthesized solgel in different porous media confirmed the sealant capacity of the emplaced hydrogel to significantly reduce rock permeability.
Discovering the Landscape by Cycling: A Geo-Touristic Experience through Italian Badlands
Authors: Lugeri Francesca Romana , Farabollini Piero
Published: August 2018

Today, more than ever, it is necessary to adopt an innovative approach to studying and educating the public about territorial sciences. The complex link connecting Earth and society has to be rediscovered, by raising awareness about environmental balances, resources, and risks. The best way, scientifically and culturally, to tackle the problem of sustainable development, is to adopt a methodological approach that includes the fundamental elements of communication, public education and training. Geotourism is a modern and powerful way of informing the general public about geological sciences. Landscape ecology offers new approaches in the field of scientific research, while on the socio-political front, the European Landscape Convention ratifies its essential functions on the cultural, ecological, environmental and social levels. Geographical information system (GIS) technology provides us with powerful communicative tools, suitable for creative and flexible use. We will examine the geo-touristic potential of the “Calanchi” (Badlands) areas in Basilicata region, particularly significant since it is representative of the socio-environmental balance of the territory. An original integration between the landscape, cycling and tourism offers new perspectives on the local economy.
A New Tool for Airborne Gravimetry Survey Simulation
Authors: Sampietro Daniele , Mansi Ahmed Hamdi , Capponi Martina
Published: August 2018

Airborne gravimetry represents nowadays probably the most efficient technique to collect gravity observations close to the Earth’s surface. In the 1990s, thanks to the development of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), which has made accurate navigational data available, this technique started to spread worldwide because of its capability to provide measurements in a fast and cost-effective way. Differently from other techniques such as shipborne gravimetry, it has the advantage to provide gravity measurements also in challenging environments which can be difficult to access otherwise, like mountainous areas, rain forests and polar regions. For such reasons, airborne gravimetry is used for various applications related to the regional gravity field modelling: from the computation of high accurate local geoid for geodetic applications to geophysical ones, specifically related to oil and gas exploration activities or more in general for regional geological studies. Depending on the different kinds of application and the final required accuracy, the definition of the main characteristics of the airborne survey, e.g., the planar distance between consecutive flight tracks, the aircraft velocity, etc., can be a difficult task. In this work, we present a new software package, which would help in properly accomplishing the survey design task. Basically, the developed software solution allows for generating a realistic (from the observation noise point of view) gravimetric signal, and, after that, to predict the accuracy and spatial resolution of the final retrievable gravimetric field, in terms of gravity disturbances, given the flight main characteristics. The proposed procedure is suited for airborne survey planning in order to be able to optimize the design of the survey according to the required final accuracy. With the aim to evaluate the influence of the various survey parameters on the expected accuracy of the airborne survey, different numerical tests have been performed on simulated and real datasets. For instance, it has been shown that if the observation noise is not properly modeled in the data filtering step, the survey results degrade about 25%, while not acquiring control lines during the survey will basically reduce the final accuracy by a factor of two.
Geotourism at the Natural Park of La Garrotxa Volcanic Zone (Catalonia, Spain): Impact, Viability, and Sustainability
Authors: Planagumà Llorenç , Martí Joan
Published: August 2018

La Garrotxa Volcanic Zone is a suitable case study to analyze the impact and sustainability of geotourism on a protected volcanic field, as it has allowed the transformation of a poorly known territory into one of the best known and most visited geosites of Catalonia (Spain). The protection of this volcanic area represented the end of legal and illegal quarrying activities that significantly damaged most of its volcanoes, but also provided an opportunity to develop the zone for tourism. We compiled the available information from its establishment in 1982 as a natural park by the Catalan Government to the present day, in order to analyze the socio-economic impact of geotourism on this protected area and its surroundings. We paid attention to its evolution in terms of the number of visitors, the social and economic consequences that this type of tourism has had, and whether it is compatible with the conservation of natural assets, especially geological ones. We also studied the role that the co-management of the protected space by local administrations and private entities has had on its sustainability. The results obtained are relevant to visualizing the viability of geotourism in a protected area by combining the economic drive and the conservation of natural assets. Spaces such as La Garrotxa Volcanic Zone represent natural laboratories where we can observe the success of the application of environmentally friendly policies with a positive socioeconomic impact on geotourism.
The Link between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Functionality among United States Military Service Members Psychiatrically Hospitalized Following a Suicide Crisis
Authors: Ribeiro Sissi Palma , LaCroix Jessica M. , De Oliveira Fernanda , Novak Laura A. , Lee-Tauler Su Yeon , Darmour Charles A. , Perera Kanchana U. , Goldston David B. , Weaver Jennifer , Soumoff Alyssa , Ghahramanlou-Holloway Marjan
Published: August 2018

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the most commonly diagnosed psychiatric disorders in the United States and has been linked to suicidal thoughts and behaviors, yet the role of a PTSD diagnosis on functional impairment among suicidal individuals remains unknown. This study examined the association between PTSD status and functional impairment among military psychiatric inpatients admitted for acute suicide risk (N = 166) with a lifetime history of at least one suicide attempt. Measures of functionality included: (1) alcohol use; (2) sleep quality; (3) social problem-solving; and (4) work and social adjustment. Thirty-eight percent of the sample met criteria for PTSD. Women were more likely than men to meet criteria for PTSD (p = 0.007), and participants who met PTSD criteria had significantly more psychiatric diagnoses (p < 0.001). Service members who met PTSD criteria reported more disturbed sleep (p = 0.003) and greater difficulties with work and social adjustment (p = 0.004) than those who did not meet PTSD criteria. However, functionality measures were not significantly associated with PTSD status after controlling for gender and psychiatric comorbidity. Gender and number of psychiatric comorbidities other than PTSD were significant predictors of PTSD in logistic regression models across four functionality measures. Future studies should assess the additive or mediating effect of psychiatric comorbidities in the association between impaired functioning and PTSD. Clinicians are encouraged to assess and address functionality during treatment with suicidal individuals, paying particular attention to individuals with multiple psychiatric diagnoses.
Here to Stay: The Evolution of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights in International Human Rights Law
Authors: Berro Pizzarossa Lucía
Published: August 2018

Sexual and reproductive health and rights have increasingly been recognized in the international arena, but their evolution and the definition of their scope and content have not been received without controversy. From population control to human rights, from demographers’ competence to governmental prerogative, from couples’ rights to universal rights, this article will present an overview of the evolution of sexual and reproductive rights in the international arena. The development of these rights cannot be read in isolation but must be analyzed together with the broader landscape that hosts social and political movements, ideologies, religions, and revolutions. Understanding sexual and reproductive health and rights as historical creations, rather than timeless givens, enables us to devise historically informed instruments and policies that are more likely to succeed. This article contributes to the scholarly literature by providing an overview of past trends and of the conditions under which they occurred. Retracing the history of these rights enables us to clarify the scope of the state’s obligations to realize the right to sexual and reproductive health, to improve monitoring opportunities, and to ensure accountability for violations. This article explores these (and forthcoming) developments contributing to identify the existing obligations, the relevant actors, and the challenges that lie ahead.
Mechanical Behavior of High-Strength, Low-Alloy Steels
Authors: Branco Ricardo , Berto Filippo
Published: August 2018

High-strength, low-alloy steels are designed to provide specific desirable combinations of properties, such as strength, toughness, formability, weldability, and corrosion resistance.[...]
Pattern Deep Region Learning for Crack Detection in Thermography Diagnosis System
Authors: Hu Jue , Xu Weiping , Gao Bin , Tian Gui Yun , Wang Yizhe , Wu Yingchun , Yin Ying , Chen Juan
Published: August 2018

Eddy Current Pulsed Thermography is a crucial non-destructive testing technology which has a rapidly increasing range of applications for crack detection on metals. Although the unsupervised learning method has been widely adopted in thermal sequences processing, the research on supervised learning in crack detection remains unexplored. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end pattern, deep region learning structure to achieve precise crack detection and localization. The proposed structure integrates both time and spatial pattern mining for crack information with a deep region convolution neural network. Experiments on both artificial and natural cracks have shown attractive performance and verified the efficacy of the proposed structure.
Mechanical Response and Failure Evolution of 304L Stainless Steel under the Combined Action of Mechanical Loading and Laser Heating
Authors: Jelani Mohsan , Li Zewen , Shen Zhonghua , Hassan Najam Ul , Sardar Maryam
Published: August 2018

Deformation and fracture properties of structural materials are greatly influenced by the factors like applied load, state of stress, and temperature. A precise prediction of the material properties of stainless steel at elevated temperature is necessary for determining the load-carrying capacity of structures under severe conditions. The present work reports the deformation and failure characteristics of 304L stainless steel subjected to combined laser heating and mechanical loading. The effect of main parameters on stress-strain, fracture characteristics, failure time, and temperature profile of specimens have been explored. Specimens were subjected to prescribed loading states, and then irradiated by a continuous wave fiber (1.08 µm) laser. The stress-strain curves indicated that the specimens experienced slight strain hardening in a specific temperature range prior to fracture. The specimen’s ultimate failure time is found to be reduced by increasing either laser power density or preload level. Fracture on a microscopic scale was predominantly ductile, comprising dimples as well as micro-void nucleation, growth, and coalescence. With the increase of laser power density, dimples rupture is the primary fracture mode, while with the increase of preload value, relatively more in-depth and severe deformation effects were observed. The description and characterization of 304L stainless steel failure under the simultaneous action of laser heating and tensile stress have been explored in detail.
Ultrastructural Remodeling of the Neurovascular Unit in the Female Diabetic db/db Model—Part I: Astrocyte
Authors: Hayden Melvin , Grant DeAna , Aroor Annayya , DeMarco Vincent
Published: August 2018

Obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus are associated with cognitive impairment, known as diabetic cognopathy. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that neurovascular unit(s) (NVU) within cerebral cortical gray matter regions display abnormal cellular remodeling. The monogenic (Leprdb) female diabetic db/db (BKS.CgDock7m +/+Leprdb/J; DBC) mouse model was utilized for this ultrastructural study. Upon sacrifice (at 20 weeks of age), left-brain hemispheres of the DBC and age-matched non-diabetic wild-type control C57BL/KsJ (CKC) mice were immediately immersion-fixed. We found attenuation/loss of endothelial blood–brain barrier tight/adherens junctions and pericytes, thickening of the basement membrane, aberrant mitochondria, and pathological remodeling of protoplasmic astrocytes. Additionally, there were adherent red blood cells and NVU microbleeds (cortical layer III) in DBC mice, which were not observed in CKC animals. While this study represents only a “snapshot in time”, it does allow for cellular remodeling comparisons between DBC and CKC. In this paper, the first of a three-part series, we report the observational ultrastructural remodeling changes of the NVU and its protoplasmic astrocytes in relation to the surrounding neuropil. Having identified multiple abnormal cellular remodeling changes in the DBC as compared to CKC models, we will design future experiments to evaluate various treatment modalities in DBC mice.
Tunable Fabry-Perot Interferometer Designed for Far-Infrared Wavelength by Utilizing Electromagnetic Force
Authors: Jung Dong Geon , Lee Jun Yeop , Kim Jae Keon , Jung Daewoong , Kong Seong Ho
Published: August 2018

A tunable Fabry-Perot interferometer (TFPI)-type wavelength filter designed for the long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) region is fabricated using micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) technology and the novel polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micro patterning technique. The structure of the proposed infrared sensor consists of a Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI)-based optical filter and infrared (IR) detector. An amorphous Si-based thermal IR detector is located under the FPI-based optical filter to detect the IR-rays filtered by the FPI. The filtered IR wavelength is selected according to the air etalon gap between reflectors, which is defined by the thickness of the patterned PDMS. The 8 μm-thick PDMS pattern is fabricated on a 3 nm-thick Al layer used as a reflector. The air etalon gap is changed using the electromagnetic force between the permanent magnet and solenoid. The measured PDMS gap height is about 2 μm, ranging from 8 μm to 6 μm, with driving current varying from 0 mA to 600 mA, resulting in a tunable wavelength range of 4 μm. The 3-dB bandwidth (full width at half maximum, FWHM) of the proposed filter is 1.5 nm, while the Free Spectral Range (FSR) is 8 μm. Experimental results show that the proposed TFPI can detect a specific wavelength at the long LWIR region.
Using Two Government Food Waste Recognition Programs to Understand Current Reducing Food Loss and Waste Activities in the U.S.
Authors: Chen C. Rita , Chen Rachel J. C.
Published: August 2018

Food waste mitigation is a critical means of addressing current and future economic, social and environmental concerns, to ensure enough food to feed the world’s growing population in a sustainable way. U.S. federal, state, and local governments have recognized the importance of food waste issues. A variety of policies associated with food waste management, food reduction, and food donation are set to allow and incentivize individuals, organizations and businesses to reduce their food waste. This study focuses on investigating current food waste prevention and diversion activities using data drawn from two U.S. waste reduction recognition programs, the U.S. Food Waste Challenge (FWC) and the EPA Food Recovery Challenge (FRC). Participants involved in these two programs follow the EPA Food Recovery Hierarchy to prevent and divert their food waste. Descriptive statistics, crosstabs, and content analysis were used to analyze the data. The results indicated that a majority of participants were in the food store category, and that Region 9 had the highest participation rate; the top three food waste prevention and diversion activities were food donation, source reduction, and collaboration/partnership. Different strategies used in different categories by FRC awardees were identified. The results of this study can be used to identify changes and strategies needed in practices, programs, and policies. The outcomes of the study provide a clear picture regarding what has been done and what needs to be done more in the future.
How Perceived Crisis Leads to Anti-Corporate Prejudice: Mediating Mechanisms of Negative Emotion and Stereotypes
Authors: Lee Eun Mi
Published: August 2018

In contrast with the existing studies dealing with crisis communication strategies in most aspects of corporates, this study investigated the mechanism of anti-corporate prejudice toward personal-information leakage as part of corporate crisis. This study develops a structural model of anti-corporate prejudice (ACP) in crises, for measuring a perceived crisis (PC), negative emotion (NE) and stereotypes (ST). We used the structural equation model and equality constrained model techniques for testing several proposed hypotheses with experimental research. The results identified the significant positive paths: PC → NE; PC → ST; NE → ACP; ST → ACP. In addition, NE and ST were found to play mediating roles in the relationships between PC and ACP. The mediating effect of NE was seen to have a stronger effect on ACP than ST. Finally, the moderating effect of crisis intentionality (CI) was significant. In particular, for high intentionality focused on internal causes, NE is more likely to increase ACP than ST. On the other hand, for low intentionality focused on external causes, ST is more likely to increase ACP than NE.
The Polarizations of Gravitational Waves
Authors: Gong Yungui , Hou Shaoqi
Published: August 2018

The gravitational wave provides a new method to examine General Relativity and its alternatives in the high speed, strong field regime. Alternative theories of gravity generally predict more polarizations than General Relativity, so it is important to study the polarization contents of theories of gravity to reveal the nature of gravity. In this talk, we analyze the polarization contents of Horndeski theory and f(R) gravity. We find out that in addition to the familiar plus and cross polarizations, a massless Horndeski theory predicts an extra transverse polarization, and there is a mix of pure longitudinal and transverse breathing polarizations in the massive Horndeski theory and f(R) gravity. It is possible to use pulsar timing arrays to detect the extra polarizations in these theories. We also point out that the classification of polarizations using Newman–Penrose variables cannot be applied to massive modes. It cannot be used to classify polarizations in Einstein-æther theory or generalized Tensor-Vector-Scalar (TeVeS) theory, either.
Associations between Peritoneal Glucose Exposure, Glucose Degradation Product Exposure, and Peritoneal Membrane Transport Characteristics in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: Secondary Analysis of the balANZ Trial
Authors: Nataatmadja Melissa S. , Johnson David W. , Pascoe Elaine M. , Darssan Darsy , Hawley Carmel M. , Cho Yeoungjee
Published: August 2018

Background

Glucose is the most commonly used osmotic medium in peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions, and its use has been associated with both local and systemic adverse effects. Previous, single-center, observational cohort studies have reported conflicting findings regarding whether a relationship exists between peritoneal glucose exposure and peritoneal small solute transport rate.

Methods

In this secondary analysis of the balANZ multi-center, multinational, randomized controlled trial of a neutral pH, ultra-low glucose degradation product (biocompatible) versus conventional PD solutions over a 2-year period, the relationship between time varying peritoneal glucose exposure and change in peritoneal solute transport rate, (measured as dialysate to plasma creatinine ratio at 4 hours [D:PCr4h]), was evaluated using multivariable, multilevel linear regression. Baseline peritoneal glucose exposure was also assessed as either a continuous or categorical variable.

Results

The study included 165 patients (age 58.1 ± 14.2 years, 55% male, 33% diabetic). Peritoneal glucose exposure increased over time (coefficient 1.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07 – 1.92 and was not significantly associated with change in D:PCr4h (coefficient 0.00004, 95% CI -0.0001 – 0.0002, p = 0.68). Similar results were found when peritoneal glucose exposure was examined as a baseline continuous or categorical variable. A significant 2-way interaction was observed with PD solution type, whereby a progressive increase in D:PCr4h was seen in the patients receiving conventional PD solution, but not in those receiving biocompatible solution.

Conclusions

Increases in peritoneal solute transport rate in PD patients over time were not associated with peritoneal glucose exposure, although a strong and positive association with PD solution glucose degradation product content was identified. Peritoneal glucose exposure may be a less important consideration than peritoneal glucose degradation product exposure with respect to peritoneal membrane function over time.