bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carbonate system parameters of an algal-dominated reef along West Maui
Authors: Prouty Nancy G. , Yates Kimberly K. , Smiley Nathan , Gallagher Chris , Cheriton Olivia , Storlazzi Curt D.
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Constraining coral reef metabolism and carbon chemistry dynamics are
fundamental for understanding and predicting reef vulnerability to rising
coastal CO2 concentrations and decreasing seawater pH. However, few
studies exist along reefs occupying densely inhabited shorelines with known
input from land-based sources of pollution. The shallow coral reefs off
Kahekili, West Maui, are exposed to nutrient-enriched, low-pH submarine
groundwater discharge (SGD) and are particularly vulnerable to the
compounding stressors from land-based sources of pollution and lower
seawater pH. To constrain the carbonate chemistry system, nutrients and
carbonate chemistry were measured along the Kahekili reef flat every 4 h
over a 6-day sampling period in March 2016. Abiotic process – primarily SGD
fluxes – controlled the carbonate chemistry adjacent to the primary SGD vent
site, with nutrient-laden freshwater decreasing pH levels and favoring
undersaturated aragonite saturation (Ωarag) conditions. In
contrast, diurnal variability in the carbonate chemistry at other sites
along the reef flat was driven by reef community metabolism. Superimposed on
the diurnal signal was a transition during the second sampling period to a
surplus of total alkalinity (TA) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC)
compared to ocean endmember TA and DIC measurements. A shift from positive
net community production and positive net community calcification to
negative net community production and negative net community calcification
was identified. This transition occurred during a period of increased
SGD-driven nutrient loading, lower wave height, and reduced current speeds.
This detailed study of carbon chemistry dynamics highlights the need to
incorporate local effects of nearshore oceanographic processes into
predictions of coral reef vulnerability and resilience.
Assessing the dynamics of vegetation productivity in circumpolar
regions with different satellite indicators of greenness and
photosynthesis
Authors: Walther Sophia , Guanter Luis , Heim Birgit , Jung Martin , Duveiller Gregory , Wolanin Aleksandra , Sachs Torsten
Published: April 2018

Abstract. High latitude treeless ecosystems represent spatially highly heterogeneous landscapes with small net carbon fluxes and a short growing season. Reliable observations and process understanding are critical for projections of the carbon balance of climate sensitive tundra. Spaceborne remote sensing is the only tool to obtain spatially continuous and temporally resolved information on vegetation greenness and activity in remote circumpolar areas. However, confounding effects from persistent clouds, low sun elevation angles, numerous lakes, widespread surface inundation, and the sparseness of the vegetation render it highly challenging. Productivity during the peak of the growing season importantly affects the total annual carbon uptake. Here, we conduct an extensive analysis of the timing of peak vegetation productivity as shown by satellite observations of complementary indicators of plant greenness and photosynthesis. The suite of indicators are: (1) MODIS-based vegetation indices (VIs) as proxies of the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically radiation; (2) VIs combined with estimates of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR); (3) sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) serving as a proxy for photosynthesis; (4) vegetation optical depth (VOD), indicative of total water content; and (5) empirically upscaled modelled gross primary productivity (GPP). Averaged over the pan-Arctic we find a clear order of the annual peak as APAR < GPP < SIF < VIs / VOD. SIF as an indicator of photosynthesis is maximized around the time of highest annual temperatures. Model GPP peaks at a similar time like APAR. The time lag of the annual peak between APAR and instantaneous SIF fluxes indicates that the SIF data do contain information on light-use efficiency of tundra vegetation, but further detailed studies are necessary to verify this. Delayed peak greenness compared to peak photosynthesis is consistently found across years and land cover classes. A particularly late peak of NDVI in regions with very small seasonality in greenness and a high amount of lakes probably originates from artefacts. Given the very short growing season in circumpolar areas, the average time difference in maximum annual photosynthetic activity and greenness/growth of 3 to 25 days (depending on the data sets chosen) is important and needs to be considered when using satellite observations as drivers in vegetation models.
Mediterranean Sea climatic indices: monitoring long term variability and climate changes
Authors: Iona Athanasia , Theodorou Athanasios , Sofianos Sarantis , Watelet Sylvain , Troupin Charles , Beckers Jean-Marie
Published: April 2018

Abstract. We present a new product composed of a set of thermohaline climatic indices from 1950 to 2015 for the Mediterranean Sea such as decadal temperature and salinity anomalies, their mean values over selected depths, decadal ocean heat and salt content anomalies at selected depth layers as well as their long times series. It is produced from a new high-resolution climatology of temperature and salinity on a 1/8° regular grid based on historical high quality in situ observations. Ocean heat and salt content differences between 1980–2015 and 1950–1979 are compared for evaluation of the climate shift in the Mediterranean Sea. The spatial patterns of heat and salt content shifts demonstrate in greater detail than ever before that the climate changes differently in the several regions of the basin. Long time series of heat and salt content for the period 1950 to 2015 are also provided which indicate that in the Mediterranean Sea there is a net mean volume warming and salting since 1950 with acceleration during the last two decades. The time series also show that the ocean heat content seems to fluctuate on a cycle of about 40 years and seems to follow the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation climate cycle indicating that the natural large scale atmospheric variability could be superimposed on to the warming trend. This product is an observations-based estimation of the Mediterranean climatic indices. It relies solely on spatially interpolated data produced from in-situ observations averaged over decades in order to smooth the decadal variability and reveal the long term trends with more accuracy. It can provide a valuable contribution to the modellers' community, next to the satellite-based products and serve as a baseline for the evaluation of climate-change model simulations contributing thus to a better understanding of the complex response of the Mediterranean Sea to the ongoing global climate change. The product is available here: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1210100.
CHANGES IN LANDSCAPE PATTERN OF WETLAND AROUND HANGZHOU BAY
Authors: Lin Wenpeng , Li Yuan , Xu Dan , Zeng Ying
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Hangzhou Bay is an important estuarial coastal wetland, which offers a large number of land and ecological resources. It plays a significant role in the sustainable development of resources, environment and economy. In this paper, based on the remote sensing images in 1996, 2005 and 2013, we extracted the coastal wetland data and analyzed the wetland landscape pattern of the Hangzhou Bay in the past 20 years. The results show that: (1) the area of coastal wetland is heading downwards in the recent decades. Paddy field and the coastal wetland diminish greatly. (2) the single dynamic degree of wetland of the Hangzhou Bay displays that paddy fields and coastal wetlands are shrinking, but lakes, reservoirs and ponds are constantly expanding. (3) the wetland landscape pattern index shows that total patch area of the coastal wetland and paddy fields have gradually diminished. The Shannon diversity index, the Shannon evenness index as well as the landscape separation index of the coastal wetlands in the Hangzhou Bay increase steadily. The landscape pattern in the study area has shown a trend of high fragmentation, dominance decreases, but some dominant landscape still exist in this region. (4) Urbanization and natural factors lead to the reduction of wetland area. Besides the pressure of population is a major threat to the wetland. The study will provide scientific basis for long-term planning for this region.
ESTIMATION OF MANGROVE FOREST ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS USING MULTISPECTRAL BANDS, VEGETATION INDICES AND BIOPHYSICAL VARIABLES DERIVED FROM OPTICAL SATELLITE IMAGERIES: RAPIDEYE, PLANETSCOPE AND SENTINEL-2
Authors: Baloloy Alvin Balidoy , Blanco Ariel Conferido , Candido Christian Gumbao , Argamosa Reginal Jay Labadisos , Dumalag John Bart Lovern Caboboy , Dimapilis Lady Lee Carandang , Paringit Enrico Camero
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Aboveground biomass estimation (AGB) is essential in determining the environmental and economic values of mangrove forests. Biomass prediction models can be developed through integration of remote sensing, field data and statistical models. This study aims to assess and compare the biomass predictor potential of multispectral bands, vegetation indices and biophysical variables that can be derived from three optical satellite systems: the Sentinel-2 with 10 m, 20 m and 60 m resolution; RapidEye with 5m resolution and PlanetScope with 3m ground resolution. Field data for biomass were collected from a Rhizophoraceae-dominated mangrove forest in Masinloc, Zambales, Philippines where 30 test plots (1.2 ha) and 5 validation plots (0.2 ha) were established. Prior to the generation of indices, images from the three satellite systems were pre-processed using atmospheric correction tools in SNAP (Sentinel-2), ENVI (RapidEye) and python (PlanetScope). The major predictor bands tested are Blue, Green and Red, which are present in the three systems; and Red-edge band from Sentinel-2 and Rapideye. The tested vegetation index predictors are Normalized Differenced Vegetation Index (NDVI), Soil-adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), Green-NDVI (GNDVI), Simple Ratio (SR), and Red-edge Simple Ratio (SRre). The study generated prediction models through conventional linear regression and multivariate regression. Higher coefficient of determination (r2) values were obtained using multispectral band predictors for Sentinel-2 (r2 = 0.89) and Planetscope (r2 = 0.80); and vegetation indices for RapidEye (r2 = 0.92). Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline (MARS) models performed better than the linear regression models with r2 ranging from 0.62 to 0.92. Based on the r2 and root-mean-square errors (RMSE’s), the best biomass prediction model per satellite were chosen and maps were generated. The accuracy of predicted biomass maps were high for both Sentinel-2 (r2 = 0.92) and RapidEye data (r2 = 0.91).
ESTIMATION OF FOREST BIOMASS BASED ON MULITI-SOURCE REMOTE SENSING DATA SET – A CASE STUDY OF SHANGRI-LA COUNTY
Authors: Feng Wanwan , Wang Leiguang , Xie Junfeng , Yue Cairong , Zheng Yalan , Yu Longhua
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Forest biomass is an important indicator for the structure and function of forest ecosystems, and an accurate assessment of forest biomass is crucial for understanding ecosystem changes. Remote sensing has been widely used for inversion of biomass. However, in mature or over-mature forest areas, spectral saturation is prone to occur. Based on existing research, this paper synthesizes domestic high resolution satellites, ZY3-01 satellites, and GLAS14-level data from space-borne Lidar system, and other data set. Extracting texture and elevation features respectively, for the inversion of forest biomass. This experiment takes Shangri-La as the research area. Firstly, the biomass in the laser spot was calculated based on GLAS data and other auxiliary data, DEM, the second type inventory of forest resources data and the Shangri-La vector boundary data. Then, the regression model was established, that is, the relationship between the texture factors of ZY3-01 and biomass in the laser spot. Finally, by using this model and the forest distribution map in Shangri-La, the biomass of the whole area is obtained, which is 1.3972 × 108t.
Blind test comparison on the wake behind a yawed wind turbine
Authors: Mühle Franz , Schottler Jannik , Bartl Jan , Futrzynski Romain , Evans Steve , Bernini Luca , Schito Paolo , Draper Martín , Guggeri Andrés , Kleusberg Elektra , Henningson Dan S. , Hölling Michael , Peinke Joachim , Adaramola Muyiwa S. , Sætran Lars
Published: April 2018

Abstract. This article summarizes the results of a fifth Blind test workshop, which was held in Visby, Sweden, in May 2017. This study compares the numerical predictions of the wake flow behind a model wind turbine operated in yaw to experimental wind tunnel results. Prior to the work shop, research groups were invited to predict the turbines' performances and wake flow properties using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods. For this purpose, the power, thrust and yaw moments for a 30° yawed model turbine as well as the wake's mean and turbulent streamwise and vertical flow components were measured in the wind tunnel at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). In order to increase the complexity, a non-yawed downstream turbine was added in a second test case, while a third test case challenged the modelers with a new rotor and turbine geometry. Four participants submitted predictions using different flow solvers, three of which were based on Large Eddy Simulations (LES) while another one used an Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (IDDES) model. The performance of a single yawed turbine was fairly well predicted by all simulations, both in the first and third test case. The scatter in the downstream turbine's performance predictions in the second test case, however, was found to be significantly larger. The complex asymmetric shape of the mean streamwise and vertical velocity was generally well predicted by all the simulations for all test cases. The largest improvement with respect to previous Blind tests is the good prediction of the levels of turbulent kinetic energy in the wake, even for the complex case of yaw misalignment. These very promising results confirm the mature development stage of LES/DES simulations for wind turbine wake modeling, while competitive advantages might be obtained by faster computational methods.
Small Forensic “Smart-Law-Scripts” the First Step for Intelligent Justice Punishment in Law Enforcement, Economic Crime and Alternative Sentences
Authors: Vasilios Kanavas , Athanasios Zisopoulos , Papangelou Stamatis
Published: April 2018

In our research we introduce “the forensic smart contract” as a punishment alternative for tiny law violations. After studied the legislation boundaries and legal power transfer example for out of court applications, we evaluated three Blockchain applications covering three various cases in smart contracting. A smart-Law-script to eliminate illegal cellphone car use, with best punishment an Irrevocable prepayment in digi-money for a car phone kit. Then a “Lawscript” resolving the double taxation problem in international tax conventions. Finally a Court launches a community sentence through a “Rehabilitation Law sentence script”. After mass adoption of our methodologies we faced an unexpected globalization peace factor in Blockchain and much wide adoption of CBDC (Central Bank Digital Currency).
Estado y plan de nación privado
Authors: Ibisate Francisco Javier
Published: April 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 70, 1999: 397-420
Consideraciones acerca de la cultura popular
Authors: Alfaro Salvador Orlando
Published: April 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 70, 1999: 457-469
Entre plan y mercado: algo está cambiando
Authors: Ibisate Francisco Javier
Published: April 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 71, 1999: 561-586
Nueva economía-2000: nueva brecha entre norte-sur
Authors: Ibisate Francisco Javier
Published: April 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 72, 1999: 645-672
Dos sesiones del seminario Zubiri de 1978
Authors: Filosofía Departamento de
Published: April 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 72, 1999: 789-819
The Impact of Wikis & Videos Integration Through Cooperative Writing Tasks Processes
Authors: Franco-Camargo Lubin Fernando , Camacho-Vásquez Gonzalo
Published: April 2018

ICT role in education nowadays is not only important, but also effective; its advancement allows a vast opportunity to be explored by EFL teachers into the EFL classroom. This action-research study envisioned and carried out from our teaching practice basis with English language B1 level students at Weisheit institute. Observation and instruments Implementation stages determined the positive impact of the integration of Wikis in EFL classrooms and how cooperative writing processes eased and helped the students improve their writing performance. Indeed, taking into account as a main strategy the “ICT” as a tool to improve teaching practices. This research was conducted through mixed-method approach and included a methodical process through data collection of journals, pre and post writing tests, semi-structured interviews and aptitude test. Of course, by looking upon that the application of these instruments helped us identify certain points of particular interest providing self-reflection on our own teaching-learning processes regarding as main problems; lack of writing skills, lack of vocabulary, grammar mistakes and writing inaccuracy. The strategies implemented had to do mainly with the integration of Wiki websites as a pedagogical instrument to improve writing skills through pre-writing eye-catching elements such as videos implementation in order to trigger motivational writing processes.
The Process of Facilitating Knowledge Acquisition and Retention: An Inquiry into Magnetic Poles with Challenging Questions
Authors: Okulu Hasan Zuhtu , Unver Ayse Oguz
Published: April 2018

The current research is to give an example to the inquiry-based science teaching implementations for facilitating knowledge acquisition and retention in a short period of time. Thus, the aim of the research is to transfer of acquired knowledge into different situations using sequential inquiry activities, which have challenging questions for inquiry about what the magnetic pole is and how to discover it. The research was designed as a pre-experimental, one-group pre-test/post-test (N=65) with a retention-test. Sequential inquiry-based science activities were applied to provide a series of developmentally appropriate experiences and discussions, which concretely scaffold participant’s ideas of magnetism. According to the results, the participants interpreted the magnets and magnetic poles regarding their functions. The common view of the participants was that a magnetic pole should be at the ends. This view is associated with upper-lower or internal-external surfaces for a ring magnet. Finally, with a sphere magnet, both upper-lower or internal-external surfaces have lost their functions and the inquiry begins with the question “How to find the poles of a magnet?” In that process, students get to engage and feel that they do not know something that they should know.
The Development of Media Activities by Undergraduate Students in Order to Promote Agricultural Tourism Community Enterprise According to the Principles of Social Service Learning and Community-Based Leaning
Authors: Thamwipat Kuntida , Princhankol Pornpapatsorn , Yampinij Sakesun , Meejaleurn Sopon
Published: April 2018

This research was aimed to develop media activities by undergraduate students to promote agricultural tourism community enterprise according to the principles of social service learning and community-based learning, 2) to evaluate the quality of such media activities, 3) to measure the income of the community after the development of media activities, and 4) to evaluate the satisfaction and the learning achievements of the sampling group. This research was conducted in the second semester of the academic year 2016. There were 5 important phases as in 1) Survey on the concepts and the community’s demands, 2) Development of media activities according to ADDIE Model, 3) Evaluation of the quality by 9 experts and the results showed that the contents were of good quality (=4.33, SD=0.63) and that the presentation was of good quality (=4.48, SD=0.54), 4) Measurement of the income of 34 persons in the community and it showed an average income of 6000 to 12000 Baht, or 15% increase, and the satisfaction of the local shops was at the highest level (=4.66, SD=0.54), and 5) Evaluation of the satisfaction and the learning achievements of 79 undergraduate students showed that the students expressed the highest level of satisfaction (=4.70, SD=0.26). After Action Review (AAR) showed that the learning achievements were good because students gained practical knowledge and used their experience in every step of their activities.
Importance of Childhood Psychological Wellbeing on Parental Divorce-Educational Level Relationship
Authors: Garriga Anna , Martínez-Lucena Jorge
Published: April 2018

Although there is consistent evidence of the negative effects of parental divorce on children’s educational level, the mechanisms and the protective factors that explain the consequences of divorce on children have not been clearly determined. This information is required in order to create effective policies and programs to help children through the divorce process. This study uses the longitudinal data from the British Birth Cohort Study 1970 and structural equation models to test whether family income, maternal supervision, and children’s psychological problems mediate the effect of parental divorce on children’s educational level and to what extent these variables are important protective factors for children through the divorce process. The main aim of this study, however, is to test the importance of children’s psychological well-being on the relationship between parental divorce and children’s educational level. Only two studies noted the importance of children’s psychological well-being theoretically, but were unable to measure it. This study demonstrates empirically that children’s psychological well-being is not a negligible mechanism and that this variable represents a very important protective factor for children of divorce, since the effect of psychological problems on educational level is significantly greater for children from divorced families than for those from intact ones. Although most family policies aimed at divorced families are targeted to improving family income, these findings reveal the need for governments to ensure that all children of divorce have access to programs and interventions designed to improve their psychological well-being.
Structure and porosity of titanium scaffolds manufactured by selective laser melting
Authors: Skalski Konstanty , Makuch Anna , Wysocki Bartłomiej , Jankowski Krzysztof , Święszkowski Wojciech
Published: April 2018

The article presents the results of experimental and numerical studies of titanium scaffolds for cell cultures. In structural studies using scanning microscopy, the influence of incremental technology and technological process parameters on the shape and the size of the designed pores was analyzed. The designed constructions of various sizes and pore shapes were verified for strength using numerical simulations by the finite element method (FEM).
La autorreflexión inicial: una estrategia para la mejora de la práctica docente
Authors: Méndez Garrido Juan Manuel , Conde Vélez Sara
Published: April 2018

Este artículo presenta un estudio cuyo objetivo principal es aportar una herramienta de autorreflexión inicial que ayude a examinar el conocimiento por parte del profesorado universitario de su práctica docente, facilitando la mejora de la misma y explorando las valoraciones que los estudiantes hacen al respecto. Para ello, se aplica un cuestionario de preguntas abiertas a los estudiantes de la asignatura de Métodos de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Educación Social, en el que se reflexiona sobre los siguientes aspectos: situación inicial, punto de partida, ideas previas a la realización del curso; reflexión sobre el proceso de trabajo; reflexiones sobre la actitud del profesorado y otras sugerencias.

Para el tratamiento de los datos se hace un análisis cualitativo, organizando la información obtenida en las distintas categorías establecidas. De las aportaciones obtenidas en cada uno de los apartados se seleccionarán los elementos comunes expresándolos con una frase e incluyendo entre paréntesis el número de veces que se repite. En la valoración de los objetivos se sumarán los valores obtenidos por cada uno de ellos Los resultados revelan la autorreflexión inicial como una útil herramienta, para el profesorado, que puede ser tenida en cuenta para el diseño de las clases. 
Análisis del vocabulario emocional en el profesorado
Authors: Bisquerra Alzina Rafael , Filella Guiu Gemma
Published: April 2018

Existe muy poca literatura previa que explore y estudie el efecto de la adquisición y desarrollo de un vocabulario emocional adecuado en el entorno escolar. Además, en el momento actual no se recibe en la educación formal una educación emocional sistemática que facilite el desarrollo de un vocabulario emocional rico. Este trabajo parte de la hipótesis de que el profesorado, incluso en el de lengua, posee un vocabulario emocional reducido, y que por ende, los alumnos no adquieren el nivel deseado de vocabulario emocional. Se aportan datos sobre este aspecto a partir de un cuestionario aplicado a 276 profesores de lengua y 244 estudiantes de tercer curso del Grado de Primaria, donde se observa que el vocabulario emocional utilizado en general no supera el 10 % de las posibilidades. Los resultados muestran que se desconocen de manera relevante las posibilidades y potencial del vocabulario emocional. Las consecuencias son tomar conciencia de la importancia de la educación emocional, que se proponga, entre otros aspectos, el desarrollo de un vocabulario emocional más rico. Los primeros destinatarios de esta educación emocional debería ser el profesorado, principalmente el de lengua y magisterio. Este es un paso previo para el desarrollo del vocabulario emocional en la sociedad en general.
Theoretical ribosomal protein mass fingerprint database
Authors: Ng Wenfa
Published: April 2018

Ribosomes are highly conserved macromolecular machines whose critical function is protein synthesis. However, existence of unique molecular mass of the same type of ribosomal protein for individual species in the same domain of life raises the interesting question concerning the interaction between natural selection forces and the conservation of structure and function of ribosomal proteins. Thus, given differentiated molecular mass and sequence of ribosomal proteins across species, the structures of ribosomes are correspondingly differentiated even though the general structure and function of the macromolecular machine is conserved across species in the same domain of life. The collection of molecular mass of all ribosomal proteins in the large and small ribosome subunits can be understood as the ribosomal protein mass fingerprint of the species useful for gaining fundamental knowledge of ribosomal proteins, as well as serving as tools for species identification through comparison of ribosomal protein mass spectra. This preprint introduces the Theoretical Ribosomal Protein Mass Fingerprint database that comprises the theoretical molecular mass of all ribosomal proteins of a species calculated based on available amino acid sequence information of the ribosomal proteins. Using amino acid sequence information from the Ribosomal Protein Gene Database, the Theoretical Ribosomal Protein Mass Fingerprint database ( https://ngwenfa.wordpress.com/database/ ) spans species from cyanobacteria, fungus, bacteria, archaea, nematodes, diatoms, micro-algae, and various model organisms. The database should be useful as a resource for gaining fundamental understanding of the mass distribution of ribosomal proteins of a species, or serving as a limited reference database for identifying species based on comparing experimental ribosomal protein mass fingerprint of unknown species against theoretically calculated ones of known species. Future expansion of the database will aim to catalogue the theoretical ribosomal protein mass fingerprint of more microbial species using amino acid sequence information from UniProt.
Quantifying the tape of life: Ancestry-based metrics provide insights and intuition about evolutionary dynamics
Authors: Dolson Emily , Lalejini Alexander , Jorgensen Steven , Ofria Charles
Published: April 2018

Fine-scale evolutionary dynamics can be challenging to tease out when focused on broad brush strokes of whole populations over long time spans. We propose a suite of diagnostic metrics that operate on lineages and phylogenies in digital evolution experiments with the aim of improving our capacity to quantitatively explore the nuances of evolutionary histories in digital evolution experiments. We present three types of lineage measurements: lineage length, mutation accumulation, and phenotypic volatility. Additionally, we suggest the adoption of four phylogeny measurements from biology: depth of the most-recent common ancestor, phylogenetic richness, phylogenetic divergence, and phylogenetic regularity. We demonstrate the use of each metric on a set of two-dimensional, real-valued optimization problems under a range of mutation rates and selection strengths, confirming our intuitions about what they can tell us about evolutionary dynamics.
Efficacy of Mentalization-Based Group Therapy for Adolescents: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Griffiths Helen , Duffy Fiona , Duffy Louise , Brown Sarah , Hockaday Harriet , Eliasson Emma , Graham Jessica , Thompson Alice , Happer Rachel , Butler Maeve , Schwannauer Matthias
Published: April 2018

Background: Suicide is the leading cause of death in adolescents. Furthermore, up to one quarter of adolescents who self-harm will repeat self-harm within one year, highlighting the need for evidence-based prevention and treatment services. Mentalization Based Therapy (MBT) has yielded promising outcomes for individuals who self-harm, however to date only one study has examined MBT in adolescents, wherein the treatment protocol consisted of individual and family therapy. Currently, there has been no development or examination of MBT-A in a group format for adolescents.

Methods/Design: The present study is a randomised controlled single blind feasibility trial that aims to (1) adapt the original explicit MBT introductory group manual for an adolescent population (MBT-Ai) and to (2) assess the feasibility of MBT-Ai through examination of consent rates, attendance, attrition and self-harm. Participants are adolescents presenting to Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) with self-harming behaviors within the last 6 months. Young people will be randomised to a 12-week MBT-Ai group plus treatment as usual (TAU) or TAU alone. Participants will be assessed at baseline and at 12-, 24- and 36-weeks post-baseline.

Discussion: This paper describes the development of a treatment manual and the protocol of a randomised controlled feasibility trial of MBT-Ai aimed at treating adolescents who self-harm. Further investigation of a full-scale trial will be necessary to instill benefits if pilot results suggest efficacy.

Trial registration: NCT02771691
Regulation of cellular senescence via the FOXO4‐p53 axis
Authors: Bourgeois Benjamin , Madl Tobias
Published: April 2018

Forkhead box O (FOXO) and p53 proteins are transcription factors that regulate diverse signalling pathways to control cell cycle, apoptosis and metabolism. In the last decade both FOXO and p53 have been identified as key players in aging, and their misregulation is linked to numerous diseases including cancers. However, many of the underlying molecular mechanisms remain mysterious, including regulation of ageing by FOXOs and p53. Several activities appear to be shared between FOXOs and p53, including their central role in the regulation of cellular senescence. In this review, we will focus on the recent advances on the link between FOXOs and p53, with a particular focus on the FOXO4‐p53 axis and the role of FOXO4/p53 in cellular senescence. Moreover, we discuss potential strategies for targeting the FOXO4‐p53 interaction to modulate cellular senescence as a drug target in treatment of aging‐related diseases and morbidity.
Proteomic profiling of Ganoderma tsugae ethanol extract‐induced adipogenesis displaying browning features
Authors: Tseng Hsiu‐Hsueh , Yeh Wan‐Chun , Tu Yun‐Chen , Yang Bi‐Fen , Lai Yen‐Ting , Lee Hsien‐Kuang , Yang Yo‐Chang , Huang Hui‐Chi , Lee Yi‐Jen , Ou Chien‐Chih , Kuo Han‐Peng , Kuo Yueh‐Hsiung , Kao Ming‐Ching , Liu Jah‐Yao
Published: April 2018

Ganoderma is classified as a top grade traditional Chinese medicine for promoting human health by regulating ‘vital energy’. Its potency towards metabolism and energy homeostasis, particularly, metabolic adaptations of adipocytes, needs to be re‐evaluated through an evidence‐based study. Here, the triterpenoid‐rich Ganoderma tsugae ethanol extract (GTEE) was found to contribute towards adipogenesis accompanied with elevated intracellular lipid metabolic flux. Additionally, proteomic profiling revealed GTEE‐upregulated mitochondrial remodeling and chemical energy redox modifications, which display UCP1‐positive browning fat‐selective features and a NADH‐mediated adaptive mechanism. GTEE‐treated mice with diet‐induced obesity also resulted in the amelioration of white adipocyte hypertrophy and the appearance of UCP1‐positive browning adipocytes. Our novel findings unravel that GTEE could promote intracellular metabolic flexibility and plasticity followed by the induction of adipocyte browning.
The HECT‐type ubiquitin ligase Tom1 contributes to the turnover of Spo12, a component of the FEAR network, in G2/M phase
Authors: Nakatsukasa Kunio , Sone Megumi , Alemayehu Dawit Hailu , Okumura Fumihiko , Kamura Takumi
Published: April 2018

The ubiquitin‐proteasome system plays a crucial role in cell cycle progression. A previous study suggested that Spo12, a component of the Cdc14 early anaphase release (FEAR) network, is targeted for degradation by the APC/CCdh1 complex in G1 phase. In the present study, we demonstrate that the Hect‐type ubiquitin ligase Tom1 contributes to the turnover of Spo12 in G2/M phase. Coimmunoprecipitation analysis confirmed that Tom1 and Spo12 interact. Overexpression of Spo12 is cytotoxic in the absence of Tom1. Notably, Spo12 is degraded in S phase even in the absence of Tom1 and Cdh1, suggesting that an additional E3 ligase(s) also mediates Spo12 degradation. Together, we propose that several distinct degradation pathways control the level of Spo12 during the cell cycle.
SPT6 interacts with NSD2 and facilitates interferon‐induced transcription
Authors: Ouda Ryota , Sarai Naoyuki , Nehru Vishal , Patel Mira C. , Debrosse Maxime , Bachu Mahesh , Chereji Răzvan V. , Eriksson Peter R. , Clark David J. , Ozato Keiko
Published: April 2018

The role of the histone chaperone SPT6 in mammalian cells is not fully understood. Here, we investigated the involvement of SPT6 in type I interferon (IFN)‐induced transcription in murine fibroblasts. In RNA‐seq analysis, Spt6 siRNA attenuates about half of ~ 200 IFN‐stimulated genes (ISGs), while not affecting housekeeping genes. ISGs with high mRNA induction are more susceptible to Spt6 siRNA than those with lower levels of induction. ChIP analysis shows that SPT6 is recruited to highly inducible, Spt6 siRNA‐sensitive ISGs, but not to other siRNA‐insensitive ISGs. Furthermore, SPT6 recruitment is abrogated in cells lacking the histone methyltransferase NSD2. In co‐IP experiments, SPT6 interacts with NSD2. In summary, SPT6 facilitates IFN‐induced transcription, highlighting its critical role in gene activation.
A Wearable Colorimetric Dosimeter to Monitor Sunlight Exposure
Authors: Wang Junxin , Jeevarathinam Ananthakrishnan Soundaram , Jhunjhunwala Anamik , Ren Haowen , Lemaster Jeanne , Luo Yanqi , Fenning David P. , Fullerton Eric E. , Jokerst Jesse V.
Published: April 2018

The personal ultraviolet (UV) dosimeter is a useful measurement tool to prevent UV induced dermal damages; however, conventional digital dosimeters are either bulky or require external power sources. Here, a wearable, colorimetric UV film dosimeter that provides color transition, from purple to transparent, is reported to indicate the UV dose. The film dosimeter is made of a purple photodegradable dye ((2Z,6Z)‐2,6‐bis(2‐(2,6‐diphenyl‐4H‐thiopyran‐4‐ylidene)ethylidene)cyclohexanone or DTEC) blended in low density polyethylene film. The DTEC film discolored 3.3 times more under the exposure of UV light (302 nm) than visible light (543 nm), and a UV bandpass filter is developed to increase this selectivity to UV light. The DTEC film completely discolors to transparency in 2 h under an AM 1.5 solar simulator, suggesting the potential as an indicator for individuals with types I–VI skin to predict interventions to avoid sunburn. Finally, the DTEC film is integrated with the UV bandpass filter on a wristband to function as a wearable dosimeter for low cost and convenient monitoring of sunlight exposure.
Impedance Matching Effect between a Triboelectric Nanogenerator and a Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor Induced Self‐Powered Weighing
Authors: Xie Xinkai , Wen Zhen , Shen Qingqing , Chen Chen , Peng Mingfa , Yang Yanqin , Sun Na , Cheng Ping , Shao Huiyun , Zhang Yi , Zhu Qianqian , Chen Xiaoping , Sun Xuhui
Published: April 2018

How to develop a simple and stable self‐powered force/pressure monitoring system has attracted extensive interests, yet it still faces intractable problems and challenges. As a mechanical force‐driven generator, the most straightforward application for triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)‐based sensor is to directly monitor the external pressure. In this work, a self‐powered pressure monitor system is proposed by the conjunction of triboelectric and piezoresistive effects, in which a free‐standing disk‐shaped TENG (FD‐TENG) serves as an energy harvester, and a multiwalled carbon nanotube‐based flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor (PPS) works as a real‐time pressure monitor. The induced output voltage of the FD‐TENG is tuned by the working states of the PPS, which is responded to the external weight stimuli. Based on the impedance match between FD‐TENG and PPS, the self‐powered weighing system renders a voltage varying from 46.2 to 168.6 V in a range from 1 to 20 kg with a fast response/recovery kinetics (1.2 and 2.3 s) and good stability, which enable to directly reflect on the on/off status of appropriate amount LEDs powered by FD‐TENG. Finally, it is demonstrated to equip into a successive pedrail transportation system for monitoring the qualified/unqualified weight products.
Epidemiology of chronic noncommunicable diseases and evaluation of life quality in elderly
Authors: Gong Jiang B. , Yu Xiao W. , Yi Xiang R. , Wang Chong H. , Tuo Xi P.
Published: April 2018

Chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death, accounting for 70% of global deaths. Also referred to as chronic diseases, NCDs mainly include cardiovascular disease (such as heart disease and stroke), cancer, chronic respiratory disease (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma), and diabetes. The incidence of NCDs is rising over time, becoming one of the most important threats to human health. As a measurement of quality of life, scales can reflect the entire health status of patients. But there are still many disadvantages in the multidimensional health status of elderly patients with chronic diseases, so it is of great significance to develop a simple and practical multidimensional health scale of good reliability and validity for chronic diseases in the elderly.
Women's Representation and Electoral System Reform in Papua New Guinea: The Limitations of Limited Preferential Voting
Authors: Baker Kerryn
Published: April 2018

Papua New Guinea moved to a limited preferential voting (LPV) system prior to the 2007 national election. The shift from first‐past‐the‐post to preferential voting was intended to encourage the election of candidates with broader mandates from constituents; to reverse the trend of increasing election‐related violence; and to lead to more cooperation between candidates and voting blocs. It was also anticipated that instituting a preferential system would increase the electoral chances of female candidates. This article looks at the impact of the LPV system on women's participation and performances as candidates in Papua New Guinean elections since 2002, focusing in particular on the three general elections in 2007, 2012 and 2017. It argues that the benefits of LPV have not outweighed its costs, at least in terms of women's participation and representation. This demonstrates the limits of institutional reform of this nature in tackling deep‐seated issues relating to political culture.
Prediction of major complications after hepatectomy using liver stiffness values determined by magnetic resonance elastography
Authors: Sato N , Kenjo A , Kimura T , Okada R , Ishigame T , Kofunato Y , Shimura T , Abe K , Ohira H , Marubashi S
Published: April 2018

Background

Liver fibrosis is a risk factor for hepatectomy but cannot be determined accurately before hepatectomy because diagnostic procedures are too invasive. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) can determine liver stiffness (LS), a surrogate marker for assessing liver fibrosis, non-invasively. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the LS value determined by MRE is predictive of major complications after hepatectomy.

Methods

This prospective study enrolled consecutive patients who underwent hepatic resection between April 2013 and August 2016. LS values were measured by imaging shear waves by MRE in the liver before hepatectomy. The primary endpoint was major complications, defined as Clavien–Dindo grade IIIa or above. Logistic regression analysis identified independent predictive factors, from which a logistic model to estimate the probability of major complications was constructed.

Results

A total of 96 patients were included in the study. Major complications were observed in 15 patients (16 per cent). Multivariable logistic analysis confirmed that higher LS value (P = 0·021) and serum albumin level (P = 0·009) were independent predictive factors for major complications after hepatectomy. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the best LS cut-off value was 4·3 kPa for detecting major complications, comparable to liver fibrosis grade F4, with a sensitivity of 80 per cent and specificity of 82 per cent. A logistic model using the LS value and serum albumin level to estimate the probability of major complications was constructed; the area under the ROC curve for predicting major complications was 0·84.

Conclusion

The LS value determined by MRE in patients undergoing hepatectomy was an independent predictive factor for major complications.
Tissue‐based quantitative proteomics to screen and identify the potential biomarkers for early recurrence/metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Cai Xu‐Wei , Yu Wei‐Wei , Yu Wen , Zhang Qin , Feng Wen , Liu Mi‐Na , Sun Meng‐Hong , Xiang Jia‐Qing , Zhang Ya‐Wei , Fu Xiao‐Long
Published: April 2018

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the eighth cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. To screen potential biomarkers associated with early recurrence/metastasis (R/M) of ESCC patients after radical resection, ESCC patients were analyzed by a comparative proteomics analysis using iTRAQ with RPLC‐MS to screen differential proteins among R/M groups and adjacent normal tissues. The proteins were identified by qRT‐PCR, Western blotting, and tissue microarray. The protein and mRNA expression difference of PHB2 between tumor tissues of ESCC patients and adjacent normal tissues, ESCC patients with and without metastasis, four ESCC cell lines and normal esophageal epithelial cells were inspected using immunohistochemical staining, qRT‐PCR, and Western blotting. The EC109 and TE1 cells were used to establish PHB2 knockdown cell models, and their cell proliferation and invasion ability were determined by cell counting method, Transwell® assay. Thirteen proteins were selected by cutoff value of 0.67 fold for underexpression and 1.5‐fold for overexpression. Seven proteins were confirmed to be associated with R/M among the 13 proteins. The potential biomarker PHB2 for early recurrence/metastasis of ESCC was identified. PHB2 expression was related to the OS of ESCC patients (P = 0.032) and had high levels in the tumor tissues and human cell lines of ESCC (P = 0.0002). Also, the high PHB2 expression promoted the metastasis of ESCC (P = 0.0075), suggesting high PHB2 expression was a potential prognostic biomarker. Experiments showed that PHB2 could significantly promote the proliferation and cell invasion ability of human ESCC cell lines and the knockdown of PHB2 suppressed the phosphorylation level of AKT, as well as the expression of MMP9 and RAC1. PHB2 could predict the early metastasis of ESCC patients.
Late diagnosis of a congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries discovered at pacemaker implantation in a patient previously diagnosed with dextrocardia and situs solitus
Authors: Vasiliu Andreea , Seldrum Stéphanie , Dupont Michaël , Dormal Fabien , Blommaert Dominique , De Roy Luc
Published: April 2018

Key Clinical Message

Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (CCTGA) should not be missed in patients with dextrocardia and situs solitus. We report a case of a 56‐year‐old man with late diagnosis of CCTGA after ventricular lead replacement. Free LV wall pacing may be favorable in these patients so to prevent deterioration of the systemic RV function.
A rare cause of heart failure
Authors: Zoltowska Dominika , Kalavakunta Jagadeesh Kumar
Published: April 2018

Key Clinical Message

Noncompaction cardiomyopathy (NCCM) is a rare but important cause of heart failure. The reported prevalence of left ventricle NCCM based on echocardiographic criteria varies between 0.014% and 1.3%, while the biventricular involvement is extremely rare with only few cases reported.
Spherical Crystallization and the Mechanism of Clopidogrel Hydrogen Sulfate
Authors: Chen Mingyang , Du Shichao , Zhang Teng , Wang Qi , Wu Songgu , Gong Junbo
Published: April 2018

Clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate is a famous antiplatelet agent for vascular disease. Forms I and II can be used as medicine. However, both forms exhibit low density and flowability. In addition, form I shows low polymorph stability. To solve these problems, spherical crystallization technologies were developed for the two forms. For form I, the mechanism was studied and turned out to be 2D nucleation and spherulitic crystal growth. In case of form II, the spherical crystallization process was based on agglomeration. The influence of temperature, acid, and crystal seed were investigated. The optimized spherical forms I and II showed much higher density and flowability as well as high polymorph stability.