bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expansions and contractions of the inverted repeat, as well as gene loss and potential pseudogenization shape plastome evolution in Hechtioideae (Bromeliaceae, Poales)
Authors: Ramírez‐Morillo Ivón M. , Espinosa‐Barrera Laura A. , Granados Mendoza Carolina , Vera‐Paz Sandra I. , Díaz Contreras Díaz Daniel D. , Romero‐Soler Katya J.
Published: July 2023

Full plastomes have recently proven to be a valuable data source for resolving recalcitrant phylogenetic relationships in the flowering plant family Bromeliaceae. The study of complete plastomes has additionally led to the discovery of new structural rearrangements and advanced our understanding of bromeliad plastome diversity and evolution. Here, we focus on the study of full plastomes of the bromeliad subfamily Hechtioideae to assess phylogenetic relationships, marker informativeness, and plastome structure and evolution. Using whole‐genome sequencing data, we de novo assembled and annotated new plastid genomes of 19 Hechtioideae species plus one representative each from the Pitcairnioideae and Puyoideae subfamilies and compared them with four additional available plastomes from other bromeliad subfamilies. Our phylogenetic analysis using complete plastome sequences not only recovered the three currently recognized genera of Hechtioideae as monophyletic, strongly supporting Mesoamerantha as sister of Bakerantha and Hechtia, but also improved statistical support at different phylogenetic depths within the subfamily. We identified a set of highly informative loci, some of them explored for the first time in Hechtioideae. Structural rearrangements, including expansions and contractions of the inverted repeats, large inversions, and gene loss and potential pseudogenization were detected mainly within the genus Hechtia. Evolutionary trait rate shifts were associated with the size and guanine–cytosine content of the small single copy and inverted repeats.
Pedagogical processes and standard dialect use: Implications for creative multilingual interaction from a Yorùbá‐language classroom in southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Agoke Adeola
Published: July 2023

In many language classrooms in multilingual nations, standard dialects are associated with and promoted in formal domains. Through classroom pedagogical processes that reify standard language use, other dialects are relegated to informal domains and therefore devalued in classroom settings. Informed by critical pedagogy, this article challenges the reification of standard dialects and examines their relationship with learners’ language use through an analysis of a Yorùbá‐language classroom in southwestern Nigeria. Findings from ethnographic data—classroom observations, instructor interviews, educational language policy, and curricular documents—show that learners’ social, linguistic, and cultural experiences interacted with and sometimes contradicted classroom expectations. I argue that the expectation of standard dialect use stifles fluid interaction in the classroom but, paradoxically, triggers learners’ linguistic creativity. To bridge the gap between classroom expectations and learners’ experiences, I call for an alternative pedagogy that privileges language users’ multilingual realities for optimizing standard language use in the classroom context. The article also contributes to ongoing conversations in applied linguistics about standard dialect use and the lack of affirmation of learners’ linguistic creativity in educational contexts.
Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and field‐based observations of rainfall‐triggered landslides from the November 2021 storm, Gisborne/Tairāwhiti, New Zealand
Authors: Cook Matt , Brook Martin , Cave Murry
Published: July 2023

Gisborne/Tairāwhiti is particularly susceptible to rainfall‐triggered landslides on account of (1) steep slopes, (2) young, soft geology, (3) landuse change effects. The interplay of these factors led to a particularly damaging rainfall‐induced landsliding event during 3–7 November 2021, following >200 mm of rainfall. This caused a Multiple Occurrence Regional Landslide Event, impacting residential properties and infrastructure in the city and rural areas. We report mainly on landslides in Gisborne city and suburbs, based on field reconnaissance and interferometric synthetic aperture radar monitoring of slopes. This highlights prevailing land instability prior to the more recent ex‐Tropical Cyclone Gabrielle (2023).
Dynamic regulation of chromatin accessibility during melanocyte stem cell activation
Authors: Lee Seoyeon , An Luye , Soloway Paul D. , White Andrew C.
Published: July 2023

Melanocyte stem cells (McSCs) of the hair follicle are necessary for hair pigmentation and can serve as melanoma cells of origin when harboring cancer‐driving mutations. McSCs can be released from quiescence, activated, and undergo differentiation into pigment‐producing melanocytes during the hair cycle or due to environmental stimuli, such as ultraviolet‐B (UVB) exposure. However, our current understanding of the mechanisms regulating McSC stemness, activation, and differentiation remains limited. Here, to capture the differing possible states in which murine McSCs can exist, we sorted melanocyte nuclei from quiescent (telogen) skin, skin actively producing hair shafts (anagen), and skin exposed to UVB. With these sorted nuclei, we then utilized single‐nucleus assay for transposase‐accessible chromatin with high‐throughput sequencing (snATAC‐seq) and characterized three melanocyte lineages: quiescent McSCs (qMcSCs), activated McSCs (aMcSCs), and differentiated melanocytes (dMCs) that co‐exist in all three skin conditions. Furthermore, we successfully identified differentially accessible genes and enriched transcription factor binding motifs for each melanocyte lineage. Our findings reveal potential gene regulators that determine these melanocyte cell states and provide new insights into how aMcSC chromatin states are regulated differently under divergent intrinsic and extrinsic cues. We also provide a publicly available online tool with a user‐friendly interface to explore this comprehensive dataset, which will provide a resource for further studies on McSC regulation upon natural or UVB‐mediated stem cell activation.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐A*33:220 allele by next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Gatouillat Grégory , Tabary Thierry , Tonye‐Libyh Marcelle , Pham Bach Nga , Giusti Delphine
Published: July 2023

HLA‐A*33:220 differs from HLA‐A*33:03:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 245 in exon 4.
Updates in hematopoietic cell transplant and cellular therapies that enhance the risk for opportunistic infections
Authors: Cuvelier Geoffrey D. E. , Paulson Kristjan , Bow Eric J.
Published: July 2023

Background

Infectious disease physicians may be asked to evaluate and manage a variety of infections in immunocompromised hosts undergoing hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) and cellular therapies. Over the last decade, several advances in cellular therapy have occurred, with implications for the types of infectious complications that may be seen.

Aims

The purpose of this review is to update the infectious disease physician on newer advances in HCT and cellular therapy, including haploidentical transplant, expanding indications for transplant in older individuals and children, and chimeric antigen receptor T‐cells. We will review how these advances might influence infectious disease complications following HCT. We will also provide a perspective that infectious disease physicians can use to evaluate the degree of immune suppression in an individual patient to help determine the type of infections that may be encountered.
The impact of climate change on international trade: A gravity model estimation
Authors: Martínez‐Martínez Alejandra , Esteve‐Pérez Silviano , Gil‐Pareja Salvador , Llorca‐Vivero Rafael
Published: July 2023

The aim of this article is to analyse the impact of climate change on bilateral trade flows. To this end, we estimate a theory‐grounded gravity model using bilateral trade flows on a sample of 67 countries over the period from 1986 to 2016. We use temperatures and extreme weather events (and their consequences) as indicators of climate change. In general, we find that international trade flows are less affected by the evolution of temperatures than domestic ones, while the opposite occurs with extreme weather events. However, there is a clear heterogeneity across countries and types of events. In particular, the results suggest that biological events, such as (epidemics and insect infestation), extreme temperatures, storms and landslides have a negative impact on international flows relative to internal ones. Interestingly, the influence of China and Japan on the global result is decisive, especially for storms in the first case and extreme temperatures in the second. Finally, our General Equilibrium estimations suggest a more detrimental impact of insect infestation and extreme temperatures on welfare than the rest of events.
Experimental Study and Simulation of Thermal Conductivity of Saturated Frozen Soil
Authors: Ren Zhifeng , Wang Enliang , Liu Jiankun
Published: July 2023

The aim of this study was to enhance the accuracy of predicting the temperature field of frozen soil and to reduce the workload of thermal parameter testing. To achieve this, we employed a three-phase model comprising soil, water, and ice. The unfrozen water content in frozen soil at varying temperatures was determined using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), while the thermal conductivity was measured by a thermal characteristic analyzer. A matlab software-based random model of the frozen soil was then established and imported into COMSOL simulation software. The repeatability and reproducibility of the established model were verified by varying the proportions of pore water and frozen ice to determine the degree of simulation accuracy.The results demonstrated that the unfrozen water content maintained a dynamic equilibrium relationship with temperature, which influenced the thermal conductivity of frozen soil. The simulation results were consistent with those obtained from instrument measurements of trends with respect to temperature. The average PBIAS value between the calculated and measured values was 0.0139, indicating theoretical feasibility. Comparison with experimental data confirmed the effectiveness of our approach, providing a novel concept and a simple method for predicting the temperature field of frozen soil engineering in areas that experience seasonal freezing.
Associations of Recreational and Nonrecreational Physical Activity and Body Weight Change on Cardiovascular Disease Mortality During the Obesogenic Transition in the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Follow-up Study
Authors: Cheema Birinder S. , Shi Zumin , White Rhiannon L. , Atlantis Evan
Published: July 2023

Background: To investigate cardiovascular disease mortality associated with longitudinal changes in body weight, and recreational and nonrecreational physical activity during the obesogenic transition in the United States since the 1970s. Methods: Data were analyzed from 4921 individuals aged 25–74 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 1971 and 1979 and follow-up studies to 1992. Mortality was confirmed by searching the National Death Index or proxy interview; clinical data were collected in person. Changes in self-reported recreational and nonrecreational physical activity categories over time were coded as stable, increase, or decrease. Competing risks regression was used to determine hazard ratios adjusted for covariates. A logit model in a generalization method was used to explore mediation effects of change in body weight. Results: Compared with the “moderate–vigorous stable” group (reference), individuals who remained inactive (“inactive stable”) or reduced their participation in physical activity (“active to inactive”) experienced the highest mortality, with a 50% to 176% and 22% to 222% relative increased hazard ratios for nonrecreational and recreational physical activity, respectively, across all models adjusted for covariates. This corresponded to significant loss of life (up to 3 y; all P < .05). Individuals who became active (“inactive to active”) were not at increased risk. We found weak (but nonstatistically significant) evidence of mediation effects of body weight change on mortality. Conclusions: Longitudinal changes in moderate–vigorous recreational and nonrecreational physical activity were important predictors of cardiovascular disease mortality during the obesogenic transition period in the United States and were mostly unexplained by changes in body weight.
Embedding Aboriginal cultural governance, capacity, perspectives and leadership into a local Public Health Unit Incident Command System during COVID-19 in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Crooks Kristy , Law Charlee , Taylor Kylie , Brett Katie , Murray Peter , Kohlhagen Julie , Hope Kirsty , Durrheim David N
Published: July 2023

This case study describes the development and implementation of a governance structure that prioritised First Nations peoples in a local public health Incident Command System activated for the COVID-19 pandemic response in New South Wales, Australia. Using lessons learnt from past pandemics and planning exercises, public health leaders embedded an approach whereby First Nations peoples determined and led community and culturally informed pandemic control strategies and actions.

In March 2020, First Nations governance was embedded into the local public health emergency response to COVID-19 in the Hunter New England region of New South Wales, Australia, enabling First Nations staff and community members to actively participate in strategic and operational decision-making with the objective of minimising COVID-19-related risks to First Nations peoples and communities. The model provided cultural insight and oversight to the local COVID-19 response; strengthened and advanced First Nations leadership; increased the First Nations public health workforce; led the development of First Nations disease surveillance strategies; and supported working groups to appropriately respond to local needs and priorities. This model demonstrates the feasibility of reframing a standard Incident Command System to embed and value First Nations principles of self-determination and empowerment to appropriately plan and respond to public health emergencies.
Swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography metrics of retinal ischaemic perivascular lesions in patients being evaluated for carotid artery stenosis and controls
Authors: Drakopoulos Michael , Zhang David L , Cheng Brian T , Sadiq Saena Arifeen , Nadel Arnold , Marchese Alessandro , Eskandari Mark , Mirza Rukhsana G
Published: July 2023

Background/aims

Retinal microvascular ischaemia may produce localised middle retinal disruption with corresponding scotoma, a phenomenon termed paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM). Small chronic middle retinal atrophic lesions termed retinal ischaemic perivascular lesions (RIPLs) appear qualitatively similar to PAMM lesions and have recently been hypothesised to result specifically from PAMM. However, no studies have quantitatively demonstrated an ischaemic origin of RIPLs. We quantitatively investigated the pathophysiology of RIPLs and their relationship with PAMM with swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA).

Methods

A total of 14 controls and 25 patients being evaluated for carotid artery stenosis (CAS) were enrolled. SS-OCTA imaging of each eye was taken. Projection-resolved en face 6 mm × 6 mm superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) images were quantitatively analysed with two algorithms for changes in vessel linear density (VLD) and vessel tortuosity (VT) at RIPLs relative to both the immediately surrounding macula and the entire macula, as well as between eyes with RIPLs and eyes without RIPLs.

Results

All controls and 22 of 25 CAS patients were included in the analysis. RIPLs demonstrated a localised decrease in DCP VLD in CAS patients and controls. RIPLs tended to show a localised decrease in SCP VLD in CAS patients but a localised increase in controls. No changes in VT were found. Eyes with RIPLs had VLD and VT similar to their RIPL-free fellow eyes.

Conclusion

RIPLs are associated with quantifiable local, but not global, ischaemia, supporting the idea of shared pathophysiology with classic PAMM lesions along a continuum of ischaemia severity.
COVID-19 in congenital heart disease (COaCHeD) study
Authors: Chivers Sian , Cleary Aoife , Knowles Rachel , Babu-Narayan Sonya V , Simpson John M , Nashat Heba , Dimopoulos Konstantinos , Gatzoulis Michael A , Wilson Dirk , Prica Milos , Anthony James , Clift Paul F , Jowett Victoria , Jenkins Petra , Khodaghalian Bernadette , Jones Caroline B , Hardiman Antonia , Head Catherine , Miller Owen , Chung Natali AY , Mahmood Umar , Bu'Lock Frances A , Ramcharan Tristan KW , Chikermane Ashish , Shortland Jennifer , Tometzki Andrew , Crossland David S , Reinhardt Zdenka , Lewis Clive , Rittey Leila , Hares Dominic , Panagiotopoulou Olga , Smith Benjamin , Najih L Muhammad , Bharucha Tara , Daubeney Piers EF
Published: July 2023

Background

COVID-19 has caused significant worldwide morbidity and mortality. Congenital heart disease (CHD) is likely to increase vulnerability and understanding the predictors of adverse outcomes is key to optimising care.

Objective

Ascertain the impact of COVID-19 on people with CHD and define risk factors for adverse outcomes.

Methods

Multicentre UK study undertaken 1 March 2020–30 June 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected on CHD diagnoses, clinical presentation and outcomes. Multivariable logistic regression with multiple imputation was performed to explore predictors of death and hospitalisation.

Results

There were 405 reported cases (127 paediatric/278 adult). In children (age <16 years), there were 5 (3.9%) deaths. Adjusted ORs (AORs) for hospitalisation in children were significantly lower with each ascending year of age (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.96 (p<0.01)). In adults, there were 24 (8.6%) deaths (19 with comorbidities) and 74 (26.6%) hospital admissions. AORs for death in adults were significantly increased with each year of age (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.10 (p<0.01)) and with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH; OR 5.99, 95% CI 1.34 to 26.91 (p=0.02)). AORs for hospitalisation in adults were significantly higher with each additional year of age (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.05 (p=0.04)), additional comorbidities (OR 3.23, 95% CI 1.31 to 7.97 (p=0.01)) and genetic disease (OR 2.87, 95% CI 1.04 to 7.94 (p=0.04)).

Conclusions

Children were at low risk of death and hospitalisation secondary to COVID-19 even with severe CHD, but hospital admission rates were higher in younger children, independent of comorbidity. In adults, higher likelihood of death was associated with increasing age and PAH, and of hospitalisation with age, comorbidities and genetic disease. An individualised approach, based on age and comorbidities, should be taken to COVID-19 management in patients with CHD.
Effects of short-term exposure to simulated microgravity on the physiology of Bacillus subtilis and multiomic analysis
Authors: Su Xiaolei , Fang Tingzheng , Fang Lin , Wang Dapeng , Jiang Xuege , Liu Changting , Zhang Honglei , Guo Rui , Wang Junfeng
Published: July 2023

In our study, Bacillus subtilis was disposed to a simulated microgravity (SMG) environment in high-aspect ratio rotating-wall vessel bioreactors for 14 days, while the control group was disposed to the same bioreactors in a normal gravity (NG) environment for 14 days. The B. subtilis strain exposed to the SMG (labeled BSS) showed an enhanced growth ability, increased biofilm formation ability, increased sensitivity to ampicillin sulbactam and cefotaxime, and some metabolic alterations compared with the  B. subtilis strain under NG conditions (labeled BSN) and the original strain of  B. subtilis (labeled BSO). The differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) associated with an increased growth rate, such as DNA strand exchange activity, oxidoreductase activity, proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, and biosynthetic process, were significantly upregulated in BSS. The enhanced biofilm formation ability may be related with the DEPs of spore germination and protein processing in BSS, and differentially expressed genes involved in protein localization and peptide secretion were also significantly enriched. The results revealed that SMG may increase the level of related functional proteins by upregulating or downregulating affiliated genes to change physiological characteristics and modulate growth ability, biofilm formation ability ( epsB, epsC, epsN), antibiotic sensitivity ( penP) and metabolism. Our experiment may gives new ideas for the study of space microbiology.
UA CountyGold imidazoline herbicide-resistant nontransgenic open-pollinated spring Brassica napus canola
Authors: Rahman Habibur
Published: July 2023

UA CountyGold is an imidazoline herbicide-resistant open-pollinated nontransgenic spring Brassica napus L. canola cultivar developed from UA BountyGold × UA AlfaGold cross following pedigree breeding method and registered in Canada in 2021. The pedigree of UA CountyGold contains winter canola germplasm. On average, UA CountyGold yielded 3152 kg ha− 1. It flowered and matured 4.5–6.5 days later; however, it had better straw stiffness than the Western Canada Canola/Rapeseed Recommending Committee (WCC/RRC) check cultivars. This cultivar had about 0.9% higher oil in seed and 1.5% higher protein in meal, and 0.7% lower saturated fatty acids in the seed oil than the WCC/RRC checks, and rated as moderately resistant to blackleg disease.
Decaying kidney function during cirrhosis correlates with remodeling of distal colon aldosterone target gene expression
Authors: Serrano-Morillas Natalia , González-Alayón Carlos , Vastola-Mascolo Arianna , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Ana E. , Hernández Guadalberto , Porrini Esteban , Hernández-Guerra Manuel , Alvarez de la Rosa Diego
Published: July 2023

Liver cirrhosis progression significantly alters ion transporter subunit expression in the rat distal colon, a change that correlated well with declining kidney function and the severity of the disease. Our data suggest that the steroid hormone aldosterone participates in this homeostatic response to maintain electrolyte balance.
The Clinical Efficacy of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma Interventional Circulatory Perfusion Combined with Radiofrequency Ablation and Thermocoagulation in the Treatment of Discogenic Low Back Pain
Authors: Cao Zhong-Liu , Xu Hu , Wu Jia-Qiang , Dai Jiang-Hua , Lin Si-Jian , Zou Ling-Feng , Yu Ling , Yang Hui-Chun
Published: July 2023

Objective. In this study, we aimed to explore the efficacy of the autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) interventional circulatory perfusion combined with radiofrequency ablation and thermocoagulation (RFAT) in the treatment of discogenic low back pain (DLBP). Methods. From January 2020 to November 2022, 158 patients of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University were selected as the study subjects, and 24 patients met the exclusion criteria. The 134 patients who met the inclusion criteria were divided into 65 patients in the control group (3 patients lost to follow-up) and 69 patients in the observation group (5 patients lost to follow-up), so 126 patients were actually completed the study, including 62 patients in the control group and 64 patients in the observation group. The control group responsible disc received RFAT, and an interventional circulatory perfusion was performed; the observation group received RFAT, and an interventional circulatory perfusion was performed, and then autologous PRP 2 ml was injected. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were performed before and 4 and 8 weeks after treatment, and the efficacy was evaluated at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment. The changes of lumbar disc MRI before and after treatment were observed. Results. The differences in the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) between the observation group and the control group before the treatment were not statistically significant (

P
>
0.05

in both). However, four weeks and eight weeks after the treatment, the VAS scores and the ODIs were significantly lower in both groups than those before the treatment (

P
<
0.05

in both). In terms of the therapeutic efficacy, eight weeks after the treatment, the total effective rates in the control group and the observation group were 67.7% and 87.5%, respectively, with the observation group being superior to the control group (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. After RFAT, interventional circulatory perfusion combined with autologous PRP intramedullary injection in the lumbar disc is a safe and effective treatment for DLBP, and it had superior long-term effects in improving the clinical symptoms and patient dysfunction than the RFAT and interventional circulatory perfusion.
Determinants of Acute Malnutrition among Under-Five Children in Governmental Health Facilities in Sodo Town, Southern Ethiopia: Unmatched Case-Control Study
Authors: Jebero Zenebe , Moga Fikre , Gebremichael Bereket , Tesfaye Tewodros
Published: July 2023

Background. Acute malnutrition is a major public health challenge among children globally. The burden is high in low-income countries like Ethiopia. Different reports and literatures revealed different risk factors of acute malnutrition in different geographical areas, but there were regional variations. So, the main aim of this study was to identify determinants of acute malnutrition among under-five children in governmental health facilities of Sodo town, Southern Ethiopia. Methods. An institutional-based unmatched case-control study was conducted from February 1 to March 1, 2021. Consecutive sampling was used to select cases, and controls were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. An interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data, and standardized anthropocentric measurement equipment was used to identify cases and controls. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. A logistic regression model was used to identify the determinants of acute malnutrition, and statistical significance was declared at

P
<
0.05

. Result. A total of 133 cases and 266 controls were included in the study making a response rate of 97.8%. Mothers with no formal education, birth interval less than 24 months, marital status (divorced widowed and separated), diarrhea in the past two weeks, using nonprotected water for drinking, exclusive breastfeeding less than 6 months, not taking sick children to health facility within 24 hours of the onset of any sickness, low birth weight, breastfeeding for less than 24 months, using nonimproved toilet, low dietary diversity, and food insecurity were significantly associated with acute malnutrition. Conclusion. This study identified the major determinants of acute malnutrition among under-five children in the study area. Thus, ensuring safe water supply, empowering women, and improving knowledge and practices of mothers regarding exclusive breastfeeding and family planning are recommended.
Developing a Preliminary Clinical Prediction Model for Prognosis of Pneumonia Complicated with Heart Failure Based on Metagenomic Sequencing
Authors: Yang Rongyuan , Duan Yong , Wang Dawei , Liu Qing
Published: July 2023

Background. The predictive factors of prognosis in patients with pneumonia complicated with heart failure (HF) have not been fully investigated yet, especially with the use of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) of metagenome. Methods. Patients diagnosed with pneumonia complicated with HF were collected and divided into control group and NGS group. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression and LASSO regression analysis were conducted to screen the predictive factors for the prognosis, followed by nomogram construction, ROC curve plot, and internal validation. Data analysis was conducted in SPSS and R software. Results. The NGS of metagenome detected more microbial species. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression and LASSO regression analysis revealed that Enterococcus (χ2 = 7.449, P = 0.006), Hb (Wals = 6.289, P = 0.012), and ProBNP (Wals = 4.037, P = 0.045) were screened out as potential predictive factors for the prognosis. Nomogram was constructed with these 3 parameters, and the performance of nomogram was checked in ROC curves (AUC = 0.772). The specificity and sensitivity of this model were calculated as 0.579 and 0.851, respectively, with the threshold of 0.630 in ROC curve. Further internal verification indicated that the predictive value of our constructed model was efficient. Conclusion. This study developed a preliminary clinical prediction model for the prognosis of pneumonia complicated with HF based on NGS of metagenome. More objects will be collected and tested to improve the predictive model in the near future.
Collisional Solitons Described by Two-Sided Beta Time Fractional Korteweg-de Vries Equations in Fluid-Filled Elastic Tubes
Authors: Akter Sharmin , Hossain M. D. , Uddin M. F. , Hafez M. G.
Published: July 2023

This article deals with the basic features of collisional radial displacements in a prestressed thin elastic tube filled having inviscid fluid with the presence of nonlocal operator. By implementing the extended Poincare–Lighthill–Kuo method and a variational approach, the new two-sided beta time fractional Korteweg-de-Vries (BTF-KdV) equations are derived based on the concept of beta fractional derivative (BFD). Additionally, the BTF-KdV equations are suggested to observe the effect of related parameters on the local and nonlocal coherent head-on collision phenomena for the considered system. It is observed that the proposed equations along with their new solutions not only applicable with the presence of locality but also nonlocality to study the resonance wave phenomena in fluid-filled elastic tube. The outcomes reveal that the BFD and other physical parameters related to tube and fluid have a significant impact on the propagation of pressure wave structures.
Association between Outdoor Light at Night and Prostate Cancer in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study
Authors: Chowdhury-Paulino Ilkania M. , Hart Jaime E. , James Peter , Iyer Hari S. , Wilt Grete E. , Booker Benjamin D. , Nethery Rachel C. , Laden Francine , Mucci Lorelei A. , Markt Sarah C.
Published: July 2023

Background:

Circadian disruption is a potential risk factor for advanced prostate cancer, and light at night (LAN) exposure may disrupt circadian rhythms. We evaluated whether outdoor LAN increases the risk of prostate cancer.

Methods:

We prospectively followed 49,148 participants in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study from 1986 through 2016. We estimated baseline and cumulative time-varying outdoor LAN with ∼1 km2 resolution using data from the US Defense Meteorological Satellite Program's Operational Linescan System, which was assigned to participants’ geocoded addresses. Participants reside in all 50 U.S. states and reported a work or home address. We used multivariable Cox models to estimate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between outdoor LAN and risk of overall (7,175 cases) and fatal (915 cases) prostate cancer adjusting for individual and contextual factors.

Results:

There was no association between the interquartile range increase in cumulative LAN and total (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.98–1.06) or fatal (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.96–1.15) prostate cancer in adjusted models. However, there was a positive association between baseline LAN and total prostate cancer among non-movers (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.00–1.14) including among highly screened participants (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.01–1.23).

Conclusions:

There was a suggestive positive association between baseline outdoor LAN and total prostate cancer. Additional studies with different measures of outdoor LAN and in more diverse populations are necessary.

Impact:

To our knowledge, this is the first longitudinal cohort study exploring the relationship between outdoor LAN and prostate cancer.
Randomized Phase II Trial of Dendritic Cell/Myeloma Fusion Vaccine with Lenalidomide Maintenance after Upfront Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Multiple Myeloma: BMT CTN 1401
Authors: Chung David J. , Shah Nina , Wu Juan , Logan Brent , Bisharat Lina , Callander Natalie , Cheloni Giulia , Anderson Kenneth , Chodon Thinle , Dhakal Binod , Devine Steve , Somaiya Dutt Poorvi , Efebera Yvonne , Geller Nancy , Ghiasuddin Haider , Hematti Peiman , Holmberg Leona , Howard Alan , Johnson Bryon , Karagkouni Dimitra , Lazarus Hillard M. , Malek Ehsan , McCarthy Philip , McKenna David , Mendizabal Adam , Nooka Ajay , Munshi Nikhil , O'Donnell Lynn , Rapoport Aaron P. , Reese Jane , Rosenblatt Jacalyn , Soiffer Robert , Stroopinsky Dina , Uhl Lynne , Vlachos Ioannis S. , Waller Edmund K. , Young James W. , Pasquini Marcelo C. , Avigan David
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

Vaccination with dendritic cell (DC)/multiple myeloma (MM) fusions has been shown to induce the expansion of circulating multiple myeloma–reactive lymphocytes and consolidation of clinical response following autologous hematopoietic cell transplant (auto-HCT).

Patients and Methods:

In this randomized phase II trial (NCT02728102), we assessed the effect of DC/MM fusion vaccination, GM-CSF, and lenalidomide maintenance as compared with control arms of GM-CSF and lenalidomide or lenalidomide maintenance alone on clinical response rates and induction of multiple myeloma–specific immunity at 1-year posttransplant.

Results:

The study enrolled 203 patients, with 140 randomized posttransplantation. Vaccine production was successful in 63 of 68 patients. At 1 year, rates of CR were 52.9% (vaccine) and 50% (control; P = 0.37, 80% CI 44.5%, 61.3%, and 41.6%, 58.4%, respectively), and rates of VGPR or better were 85.3% (vaccine) and 77.8% (control; P = 0.2). Conversion to CR at 1 year was 34.8% (vaccine) and 27.3% (control; P = 0.4). Vaccination induced a statistically significant expansion of multiple myeloma–reactive T cells at 1 year compared with before vaccination (P = 0.024) and in contrast to the nonvaccine arm (P = 0.026). Single-cell transcriptomics revealed clonotypic expansion of activated CD8 cells and shared dominant clonotypes between patients at 1-year posttransplant.

Conclusions:

DC/MM fusion vaccination with lenalidomide did not result in a statistically significant increase in CR rates at 1 year posttransplant but was associated with a significant increase in circulating multiple myeloma–reactive lymphocytes indicative of tumor-specific immunity. Site-specific production of a personalized cell therapy with centralized product characterization was effectively accomplished in the context of a multicenter cooperative group study.

See related commentary by Qazilbash and Kwak, p. 4703
Women With Large Vessel Occlusion Acute Ischemic Stroke Are Less Likely to Be Routed to Comprehensive Stroke Centers
Authors: Tariq Muhammad Bilal , Ali Iman , Salazar‐Marioni Sergio , Iyyangar Ananya S. , Azeem Hussain M. , Khose Swapnil , Lopez Victor , Abdelkhaleq Rania , McCullough Louise D. , Sheth Sunil A. , Kim Youngran
Published: July 2023

Background

Prehospital routing of patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) acute ischemic stroke (AIS) to centers capable of performing endovascular therapy may improve clinical outcomes. Here, we explore whether distance to comprehensive stroke centers (CSCs), stroke severity, and sex are associated with direct‐to‐CSC prehospital routing in patients with LVO AIS.

Methods and Results

In this cross‐sectional study, we identified consecutive patients with LVO AIS from a prospectively collected multihospital registry throughout the greater Houston area from January 2019 to June 2020. Primary outcome was prehospital routing to CSC and was compared between men and women using modified Poisson regression including age, sex, race or ethnicity, first in‐hospital National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, travel time, and distances to the closest primary stroke center and CSC. Among 503 patients with LVO AIS, 413 (82%) were routed to CSCs, and women comprised 46% of the study participants. Women with LVO AIS compared with men were older (73 versus 65,
P
<0.01) and presented with greater National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (14 versus 12,
P
=0.01). In modified Poisson regression, women were 9% less likely to be routed to CSCs compared with men (adjusted relative risk [aRR], 0.91 [0.84–0.99],
P
=0.024) and distance to nearest CSC ≤10 miles was associated with 38% increased chance of routing to CSC (aRR, 1.38 [1.26–1.52],
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

Despite presenting with more significant stroke syndromes and living within comparable distance to CSCs, women with LVO AIS were less likely to be routed to CSCs compared with men. Further study of the mechanisms behind this disparity is needed.
Systematics of Ophicardelus (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Ellobiidae)
Authors:   Heydon-Laurence Building (A08), School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia., Australian Museum, 6 College St, Sydney 2010, Australia., HYMAN ISABEL T. , ROUSE GREG W. ,   Department of Environmental Biology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia., South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide 5000, Australia., PONDER WINSTON F. ,   Australian Museum, 6 College St, Sydney 2010, Australia.
Published: July 2023

Ophicardelus is currently used for a small group of estuarine ellobiid snails found in Australia and New Zealand, but a previous study (Hyman et al. 2004) suggested that it may not be monophyletic. In the present study, morphological data are used in a cladistic analysis to test the monophyly of Ophicardelus. Taxa included are the three Australian species (Ophicardelus ornatus, O. quoyi and O. sulcatus), the New Zealand Ophicardelus costellaris, nine other Australasian Ellobiidae and outgroup Salinator solida (Amphibolidae). The results show that Ophicardelus is not monophyletic and a new genus, Pleuroloba, is introduced for quoyi and costellaris. Ophicardelus is distinguished from Pleuroloba by the presence of a pallial gland and the absence of a muscular vagina. The cladistic analysis indicated that Ophicardelus and Pleuroloba both belong in Pythiinae, but did not support Cassidulinae as recognised by Martins in 1998.
Review of Ephippodonta sensu lato (Galeommatidae: Bivalvia), with descriptions of new related genera and species from Australia
Authors:   Malacology Section, The Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia, MIDDELFART PETER
Published: July 2023

Australian galeommatoideans living with valves permanently open at 180° are reviewed, including Ephippodonta and Ephippodontoana species from Yorke Peninsula, South Australia, and three new species belonging in three new genera from New South Wales and Queensland, viz., Ephippodontomorpha hirsutus n. gen. n. sp., collected from stomatopod burrows on the north east coast of Queensland; Troglodytoconcha carpentariensis n. gen. n. sp. found living in a sponge in the Gulf of Carpentaria, and Duoconclavis piscator n. gen. n. sp., from under stones at Long Reef, Sydney. The relationships of galeommatoideans with widely open valves are discussed.
Rissooidean freshwater gastropods from the middle of the Pacific: the genus Fluviopupa on the Austral Islands (Caenogastropoda)
Authors:   Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Section Molecular Biology, Adenauerallee 160, D-53113 Bonn, Germany., Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Case postale 51, 55 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris cedex 05, France, HAASE M. , GARGOMINY O. ,   Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Case postale 51, 55 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris cedex 05, France, FONTAINE B. ,   Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Case postale 51, 55 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris cedex 05, France
Published: July 2023

The Austral Islands comprising five islands of volcanic origin situated in the south of Polynesia, harbour what is probably the most isolated fauna of hydrobioid gastropods. To date, only two species belonging to the genus Fluviopupa have been known. We describe an additional four species. Each species is exclusive to one island. Two species each occur on Rapa and Raivavae. Only on the western-most, oldest, and most degraded island, Rimatara, were no hydrobioids found. The closest relatives occur on Fiji. Since no hydrobioids are known from the island groups between Fiji and the Austral Islands, viz. Tonga, Samoa and the Cook Islands, we assume that the common ancestor has arrived directly from Fiji before these islands were formed in the late Miocene, possibly transported by a bird. Four of the Austral species meet the IUCN criteria for Vulnerable while F. jeanyvesi n. sp. and F. tubuaia n. sp. are considered Critically Endangered. Both are known from a single locality on Raivavae and Tubuai, respectively, and they are threatened by habitat loss.
New and rare deep-sea majoid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) from Papua New Guinea
Authors: NG PETER K. L. , FORGES BERTRAND RICHER DE , LEE BEE YAN
Published: July 2023

Additional spider crab (superfamily Majoidea) material from four major French-led expeditions to the Papua New Guinea region were examined in this study. One new genus and four new species from the families Inachidae and Oregoniidae are described. Dorhynchus profundus n. sp. is close to D. rostratus (Sakai, 1932) but can easily be separated by the shape of the ambulatory dactylus and the proportionately lower protogastric spines. Achaeus pholcus n. sp. is unusual in that it occurs in deeper waters (beyond 500 m), and can be separated from A. lacertosus Stimpson, 1857, A. villosus Rathbun, 1916, and A. brevidactylus Sakai, 1938, by its distinctive carapace shape, structure of the frontal margin, regions of the carapace, antennular fossa, ambulatory dactylus, male pleon, and proportions of the chela. Parapleisticantha aie n. sp. is closest to P. japonica Yokoya, 1933, but differs in its proportionately longer carapace, more elongated basal antennal article, longer third maxilliped ischium and the relatively less curved male first gonopod with the distal part differently structured. A new genus (Orbicantha n. gen.) with one new species (Orbicantha sacrebleu n. gen., n. sp.) is also described; it is allied to Pleistacantha Miers, 1879, Parapleisticantha Yokoya 1933, and Pleisticanthoides Yokoya, 1933, but is distinctive in its subcircular carapace, shorter regions, short pseudorostral spines, possession of spines on the gastric, cardiac and branchial regions, some of which have rounded tips, a short ocular peduncle, a very short third antennal article, a quadrate epistome, and the more reduced P4 and P5. New records from the family Epialtidae are also reported: Griffinia gilloloensis (Rathbun, 1916), Hyastenus borradailei (Rathbun, 1907), and Oxypleurodon luzonicum (Rathbun, 1916). The taxonomy of Grypachaeus tenuicollis Takeda, 1978 (Oregoniidae) and Griffinia lappacea (Rathbun, 1918) (Epialtidae) is also discussed.
Biomechanical Analysis of Tibial Motion and ACL Graft Forces After ACLR With and Without LET at Varying Tibial Slopes
Authors: Pearce Stephanie L. , Bryniarski Anna R. , Brown Justin R. , Brady Alex W. , Gruskay Jordan A. , Dornan Grant J. , Vidal Armando F. , Godin Jonathan A.
Published: July 2023

Background:

Lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) is being performed more frequently with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) to decrease graft failure rates. The posterior tibial slope (PTS) affects ACL graft failure rates. The effect of ACLR + LET on tibial motion and graft forces with increasing PTS has not been elucidated.

Hypothesis:

LET would decrease anterior tibial translation (ATT), tibial rotation, and ACL graft force versus ACLR alone with increasing tibial slope throughout knee range of motion.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Twelve fresh-frozen cadaveric knees (mean donor age, 40.5 years; all female) were tested in 4 conditions (intact, ACL cut, ACLR, and ACLR + LET) with varying PTSs (5°, 10°, 15°, and 20°) at 3 flexion angles (0°, 30°, and 60°). Specimens were mounted to a load frame that applied a 500-N axial load with 1 N·m of internal rotation (IR) torque. The amount of tibial translation, IR, and graft force was measured.

Results:

Increasing PTS revealed a linear and significant increase in graft force at all flexion angles. LET reduced graft force by 8.3% (–5.8 N) compared with ACLR alone at 30° of flexion. At the same position, slope reduction resulted in reduced graft force by 17% to 22% (−12.3 to −15.2 N) per 5° of slope correction, with a 46% (−40.7 N) reduction seen from 20° to 5° of slope correction. For ATT, ACLR returned tibial translation to preinjury levels, as did ACLR + LET at all flexion angles, except full extension, where ACLR + LET reduced ATT by 2.5 mm compared with the intact state ( P = .019).

Conclusion:

Increased PTS was confirmed to increase graft forces linearly. Although ACLR + LET reduced graft force compared with ACLR alone, slope reduction had a larger effect across all testing conditions. No other clinically significant differences were noted between ACLR with versus without LET in regard to graft force, ATT, or IR.

Clinical Relevance:

Many authors have proposed LET in the setting of ACLR, revision surgery, hyperlaxity, high-grade pivot shift, and elevated PTS, but the indications remain unclear. The biomechanical performance of ACLR + LET at varying PTSs may affect daily practice and provide clarity on these indications.
Determinants of 1-Year Unfavorable Outcomes of Intravenous Alteplase Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Zhai Mingfeng , Yang Jinwei , Cao Xiaoyan , Li Yingying , Xu Hui , Wang Yu
Published: July 2023

Objective

Intravenous thrombolytic therapy has become the standard of treatment for eligible patients with ischemic stroke. However, outcomes after receiving intravenous thrombolytic therapy vary widely. This study aims to investigate determinants of 1-year clinical outcomes of intravenous thrombolytic therapy for patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Methods

In a prospective, observational study, patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis were consecutively included, and clinical information and laboratory data were collected. The patients were followed up for 12 months after onset, and the 1-year clinical outcome was evaluated using modified Rankin Scale scores. A score ≥ 3 was defined as unfavorable functional outcome. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to assess the determinants of the 1-year clinical outcomes of intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke.

Results

A total of 222 patients with intravenous thrombolysis were enrolled, and we identified 58 patients (26.1%) had unfavorable functional outcomes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that mean platelet volume-to-lymphocyte ratio (MPVLR) (odds ratio [OR] = 1.114, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.024–1.211, P = .012), atrial fibrillation (OR =  2.553, 95% CI: 1.086-6.002, P = .032), symptomatic stenosis occlusion (OR =  2.547, 95% CI: 1.269-5.110, P = .009), and baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (OR = 1.141, 95% CI: 1.074-1.212, P < .001) were independent predictors of unfavorable functional outcomes at 1 year.

Conclusions

In patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis, we found that MPVLR, atrial fibrillation, symptomatic stenosis occlusion, and baseline NIHSS score were significant predictors of unfavorable functional outcomes at 1 year.