bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Index to Measure Sustainability of a Business Project in the Construction Industry: Lithuanian Case
Authors: Dobrovolskienė Nomeda , Tamošiūnienė Rima
Published: December 2015

The continuous growth of the world population, resource scarcity and the threat of climate change pose numerous environmental and social problems to the world. Therefore, much hope is put in the concept of sustainability. Companies are increasingly coming under strong global pressure to incorporate sustainability considerations into their project decision-making process. Business projects in the construction industry are among the most important, as this sector is one of the largest sectors and of major importance for the national economy and therefore has a huge impact on the environment and society. Thus, we have to explore ways to integrate sustainability into the management of those projects. This paper presents a composite sustainability index of a project (CSIP) which has been created following a review of existing literature and a pilot research study. A pilot research study was conducted in the Lithuanian construction industry between January 2015 and June 2015. Sustainability criteria were chosen and grouped on the basis of the analysis of the literature and different standards relating to sustainability applicable in the construction industry. A survey was used to select and rank the most important sustainability criteria. The index was constructed using multi-criteria decision-making methods. The results of the pilot study revealed that practitioners in the Lithuanian construction sector attach most importance to 15 sustainability criteria. A composite sustainability index of a project combining all these criteria may be useful in assessing the sustainability of a business project and making decisions regarding project portfolio selection and financial resource allocation. When addressing the issue of financial resource allocation in a project portfolio, the decision-maker could take into account not only the project’s return and risk, but also its sustainability. The understanding of this study should enable companies to execute sustainable projects, which could make a contribution to the sustainable development of organizations and thereby increase their competitive advantage.
A New Systematic Approach to Vulnerability Assessment of Innovation Capability of Construction Enterprises
Authors: Zhang Jingxiao , Xie Haiyan , Schmidt Klaus , Li Hui
Published: December 2015

The purpose of this research is to study the vulnerability of construction enterprises’ innovation capabilities (CEIC) and their respective primary influencing factors. This paper proposed a vulnerability system framework of CEIC, designed two comprehensive assessments for analysis, namely the entropy and set pair analysis method (E-SPA) and the principle cluster analysis and SPA method (P-SPA), and compared grades to verify the vulnerability assessments. Further, the paper quantitatively assessed the major influencing factors in facilitating management, reducing vulnerability, and improving the ability of construction enterprises to respond to changes in the construction industry. The results showed that vulnerability could be effectively and systematically evaluated using E-SPA. However, managing or reducing entrepreneurial sensitivity and improving the ability to respond was critical to supporting sustainable CEIC. The case studies included in this paper suggested that in ensuring sustainable CEIC, companies should concentrate on highly educated human resources, R&D investments, intellectual property related innovations, and government support. This research provided a practical framework and established a sustainable strategy for companies to manage their vulnerability in developing innovation capability. In addition, this research presented an innovative and effective way to quantitatively analyze vulnerability which offered a foundation to signify a new paradigm shift in construction sustainable development.
Water Footprints and Sustainable Water Allocation
Authors: Hoekstra Arjen , Chapagain Ashok , Zhang Guoping
Published: December 2015

Water Footprint Assessment (WFA) is a quickly growing research field. This Special Issue contains a selection of papers advancing the field or showing innovative applications. The first seven papers are geographic WFA studies, from an urban to a continental scale; the next five papers have a global scope; the final five papers focus on water sustainability from the business point of view. The collection of papers shows that the historical picture of a town relying on its hinterland for its supply of water and food is no longer true: the water footprint of urban consumers is global. It has become clear that wise water governance is no longer the exclusive domain of government, even though water is and will remain a public resource with government in a primary role. With most water being used for producing our food and other consumer goods, and with product supply chains becoming increasingly complex and global, there is a growing awareness that consumers, companies and investors also have a key role. The interest in sustainable water use grows quickly, in both civil society and business communities, but the poor state of transparency of companies regarding their direct and indirect water use implies that there is still a long way to go before we can expect that companies effectively contribute to making water footprints more sustainable at a relevant scale.
Analysis of the Influence of the Stability Factors of PV/T-SAHP on the Performance of the System
Authors: Wang Haitao , Yuan Jie , Wang Ren , He Wei
Published: December 2015

The integrated photovoltaic/thermal collector (PV/T) with solar assisted heat pump (SAHP) often operates under an undesigned condition. Against the backdrop of heat pump system oscillation resulting from the mismatching between collectors area and compressor capacity, this work explores the dynamic performance of heat pump system at a fixed compressor frequency when the condensing water temperature and electronic expansion valve (EEV) opening are variable or invariable. We also consider why the system is unstable and propose the theory of SAHP system stability. Also, a preliminary performance analysis is made on SAHP system that is respectively influenced by an inverter compressor and EEV. The MSS(Minimum Stable Signal) line theory is proposed to account for system unstabilty in the research of the match between EEV and evaporators, that is to say, the critical problem of keep the system stability is to find out how evaporators superheat under the circumstance of specified loads and its corresponding EEV opening, in other words, to find the MSS line.
Using Social Media for Emergency Response and Urban Sustainability: A Case Study of the 2012 Beijing Rainstorm
Authors: Wang Yandong , Wang Teng , Ye Xinyue , Zhu Jianqi , Lee Jay
Published: December 2015

With the proliferation of social media, information generated and disseminated from these outlets has become an important part of our everyday lives. For example, this type of information has great potential for effectively distributing political messages, hazard alerts, or messages of other social functions. In this work, we report a case study of the 2012 Beijing Rainstorm to investigate how emergency information was timely distributed using social media during emergency events. We present a classification and location model for social media text streams during emergency events. This model classifies social media text streams based on their topical contents. Integrated with a trend analysis, we show how Sina-Weibo fluctuated during emergency events. Using a spatial statistical analysis method, we found that the distribution patterns of Sina-Weibo were related to the emergency events but varied among different topics. This study helps us to better understand emergency events so that decision-makers can act on emergencies in a timely manner. In addition, this paper presents the tools, methods, and models developed in this study that can be used to work with text streams from social media in the context of disaster management and urban sustainability.
A Research on Active Control to Synchronize a New 3D Chaotic System
Authors: Ahmad Israr , Saaban Azizan , Ibrahim Adyda , Shahzad Mohammad
Published: December 2015

This paper presents the robust synchronization problem of a 3D chaotic system by using the active control technique. Based on the Gershgorin theorem and Routh-Hurwitz criterion, sufficient algebraic conditions are derived to design a linear controller gain matrix. The conditions are then applied for the robust stability of the synchronization error dynamics in the presence of an unknown bounded smooth external disturbance. The proposed active control strategy with a suitable computation of the linear controller gain matrix is simple in design and establishes fast convergence rates of the synchronization error signals. Numerical simulation results further verified the analytical results.
Occurrence and Seasonal Variations of Lipophilic Marine Toxins in Commercial Clam Species along the Coast of Jiangsu, China
Authors: Wang Xin-Zhi , Cheng Ying , Li Na , Wen Hong-Mei , Liu Rui , Shan Chen-Xiao , Chai Chuan , Wu Hao
Published: December 2015

Recent studies have examined lipophilic marine toxins (LMTs) in shellfish and toxic algae worldwide, but the occurrence and seasonal variations of LMTs in commercial clams (including Mactra veneriformis, Ruditapes philippinarum, Meretrix meretrix, and Cyclina sinensis) at their major culturing area in Jiangsu, China, remain largely unexplored. In this study, a new solid phase extraction (SPE) in combination with an ultra-fast liquid chromatography and triple-quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UFLC-TQ-MS) method was developed to determine the presence of 10 typical LMTs (okadaic acid (OA), yessotoxins (YTXs), azaspiracids (AZA1-3), pectenotoxins (PTX2), gymnodimine (GYM), dinophysistoxins (DTX1&2), and spirolides (SPX1)) in the aforementioned four clam matrices. After confirmation of its sensitivity and precision, this method was used to evaluate the amounts of LMTs in clam samples harvested in five aquaculture zones of the Jiangsu coastal area. Monthly variations of GYM, PTX2, OA, and DTX1&2 in 400 clam samples from the sample areas were determined from January 2014 through August 2015. Peak values were observed during May and August. This is the first systematic report of LMTs detected in clam samples harvested in Jiangsu. Follow-up research and the implementation of protective measures are needed to ensure the safety of clams harvested in this area.
Snake Venomics and Antivenomics of Bothrops diporus, a Medically Important Pitviper in Northeastern Argentina
Authors: Gay Carolina , Sanz Libia , Calvete Juan , Pla Davinia
Published: December 2015

Snake species within genus Bothrops are responsible for more than 80% of the snakebites occurring in South America. The species that cause most envenomings in Argentina, B. diporus, is widely distributed throughout the country, but principally found in the Northeast, the region with the highest rates of snakebites. The venom proteome of this medically relevant snake was unveiled using a venomic approach. It comprises toxins belonging to fourteen protein families, being dominated by PI- and PIII-SVMPs, PLA2 molecules, BPP-like peptides, L-amino acid oxidase and serine proteinases. This toxin profile largely explains the characteristic pathophysiological effects of bothropic snakebites observed in patients envenomed by B. diporus. Antivenomic analysis of the SAB antivenom (Instituto Vital Brazil) against the venom of B. diporus showed that this pentabothropic antivenom efficiently recognized all the venom proteins and exhibited poor affinity towards the small peptide (BPPs and tripeptide inhibitors of PIII-SVMPs) components of the venom.
Canine Mammary Carcinomas: A Comparative Analysis of Altered Gene Expression
Authors: Lutful Kabir Farruk , Alvarez Carlos , Bird R.
Published: December 2015

Breast cancer represents the second most frequent neoplasm in humans and sexually intact female dogs after lung and skin cancers, respectively. Many similar features in human and dog cancers including, spontaneous development, clinical presentation, tumor heterogeneity, disease progression and response to conventional therapies have supported development of this comparative model as an alternative to mice. The highly conserved similarities between canine and human genomes are also key to this comparative analysis, especially when compared to the murine genome. Studies with canine mammary tumor (CMT) models have shown a strong genetic correlation with their human counterparts, particularly in terms of altered expression profiles of cell cycle regulatory genes, tumor suppressor and oncogenes and also a large group of non-coding RNAs or microRNAs (miRNAs). Because CMTs are considered predictive intermediate models for human breast cancer, similarities in genetic alterations and cancer predisposition between humans and dogs have raised further interest. Many cancer-associated genetic defects critical to mammary tumor development and oncogenic determinants of metastasis have been reported and appear to be similar in both species. Comparative analysis of deregulated gene sets or cancer signaling pathways has shown that a significant proportion of orthologous genes are comparably up- or down-regulated in both human and dog breast tumors. Particularly, a group of cell cycle regulators called cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs) acting as potent tumor suppressors are frequently defective in CMTs. Interestingly, comparative analysis of coding sequences has also shown that these genes are highly conserved in mammals in terms of their evolutionary divergence from a common ancestor. Moreover, co-deletion and/or homozygous loss of the INK4A/ARF/INK4B (CDKN2A/B) locus, encoding three members of the CKI tumor suppressor gene families (p16/INK4A, p14ARF and p15/INK4B), in many human and dog cancers including mammary carcinomas, suggested their important conserved genetic order and localization in orthologous chromosomal regions. miRNAs, as powerful post-transcriptional regulators of most of the cancer-associated genes, have not been well evaluated to date in animal cancer models. Comprehensive expression profiles of miRNAs in CMTs have revealed their altered regulation showing a strong correlation with those found in human breast cancers. These genetic correlations between human and dog mammary cancers will greatly advance our understanding of regulatory mechanisms involving many critical cancer-associated genes that promote neoplasia and contribute to the promising development of future therapeutics.
Identification of Decisive Factors Determining the Continued Use of Rainwater Harvesting Systems for Agriculture Irrigation in Beijing
Authors: Liang Xiao , Van Dijk Meine
Published: December 2015

The success or failure of operating a rainwater harvesting system (RWH) depends on both technological and non-technological factors. The importance of non-technological factors in attaining sustainable RWH operation is rarely emphasized. This study aims to assess the contribution of non-technological factors through determining decisive factors involved in the use of RWHs for agriculture irrigation in Beijing. The RWHs for agriculture irrigation in Beijing are not operating as well as expected. If the decisive factors are identified to be non-technological, the significance of non-technological factors will be highlighted. Firstly, 10 impact factors comprising non-technological and technological factors are selected according to both a literature review and interviews with RWH managers. Following this, through an artificial data mining method, rough set analysis, the decisive factors are identified. Results show that two non-technological factors, “doubts about rainwater quality” and “the availability of groundwater” determine whether these systems will continue or cease RWH operation in Beijing. It is, thus, considered necessary to improve public confidence in and motivation on using rainwater for agriculture irrigation, as this is the main obstacle in the sustainable and successful operation of RWHs. Through a case study of RWHs in Beijing, the study verifies the importance of acknowledging non-technological factors to achieve sustainable water management and considers that such factors should receive more attention by decision makers and researchers.
Recent advances in metathesis-derived polymers containing transition metals in the side chain
Authors: Dragutan Ileana , Dragutan Valerian , Simionescu Bogdan C , Demonceau Albert , Fischer Helmut
Published: December 2015

This account critically surveys the field of side-chain transition metal-containing polymers as prepared by controlled living ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of the respective metal-incorporating monomers. Ferrocene- and other metallocene-modified polymers, macromolecules including metal-carbonyl complexes, polymers tethering early or late transition metal complexes, etc. are herein discussed. Recent advances in the design and syntheses reported mainly during the last three years are highlighted, with special emphasis on new trends for superior applications of these hybrid materials.
A TIDALLY DISRUPTING DWARF GALAXY IN THE HALO OF NGC 253
Authors: Toloba Elisa , Sand David J. , Spekkens Kristine , Crnojević Denija , Simon Joshua D. , Guhathakurta Puragra , Strader Jay , Caldwell Nelson , McLeod Brian , Seth Anil C.
Published: December 2015

We report the discovery of Scl-MM-Dw2, a new dwarf galaxy at a projected separation of ∼50 kpc from NGC 253, as part of the Panoramic Imaging Survey of Centaurus and Sculptor project (PISCeS). We measure a tip of the red giant branch (RGB) distance of 3.12 ± 0.30 Mpc, suggesting that Scl-MM-Dw2 is likely a satellite of NGC 253. We qualitatively compare the distribution of RGB stars in the color–magnitude diagram with theoretical isochrones and find that it is consistent with an old, ∼12 Gyr, and metal-poor,

[Fe/H] 

, stellar population. We also detect a small number of asymptotic giant branch stars consistent with a metal-poor 2–3 Gyr population in the center of the dwarf. Our non-detection of HI in a deep Green Bank Telescope spectrum implies a gas fraction

. The stellar and gaseous properties of Scl-MM-Dw2 suggest that it is a dwarf spheroidal galaxy. Scl-MM-Dw2 has a luminosity of

mag and a half-light radius of r

h
 

, which makes it moderately larger than dwarf galaxies in the Local Group of the same luminosity. However, Scl-MM-Dw2 is very elongated (

), and it has an extremely low surface brightness (

mag arcsec−2). Its elongation and diffuseness make it an outlier in the ellipticity–luminosity and surface brightness–luminosity scaling relations. These properties suggest that this dwarf is being tidally disrupted by NGC 253.
THE STRIKINGLY UNIFORM, HIGHLY TURBULENT INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM OF THE MOST LUMINOUS GALAXY IN THE UNIVERSE
Authors: Díaz-Santos T. , Assef R. J. , Blain A. W. , Tsai C.-W. , Aravena M. , Eisenhardt P. , Wu J. , Stern D. , Bridge C.
Published: December 2015

Observed at z = 4.601 and with

= 3.5

, W2246–0526 is the most luminous galaxy known in the universe and hosts a deeply buried active galactic nucleus (AGN)/supermassive black hole (SMBH). Discovered using the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, W2246–0526 is classified as a hot dust-obscured galaxy, based on its luminosity and dust temperature. Here, we present spatially resolved ALMA [C ii]157.7 μm observations of W2246–0526, providing unique insight into the kinematics of its interstellar medium (ISM). The measured [C ii] -to-far-infrared ratio is

, implying ISM conditions that compare only with the most obscured, compact starbursts and AGNs in the local universe today. The spatially resolved [C ii] line is strikingly uniform and very broad, 500–600 km s−1 wide, extending throughout the entire galaxy over about 2.5 kpc, with modest shear. Such a large, homogeneous velocity dispersion indicates a highly turbulent medium. W2246–0526 is unstable in terms of the energy and momentum that are being injected into the ISM, strongly suggesting that the gas is being blown away from the system isotropically, likely reflecting a cathartic state on its road to becoming an unobscured quasar. W2246–0526 provides an extraordinary laboratory to study and model the properties and kinematics of gas in an extreme environment under strong feedback, at a time when the universe was 1/10 of its current age: a system pushing the limits that can be reached during galaxy formation.
SIGNATURE OF AN INTERMEDIATE-MASS BLACK HOLE IN THE CENTRAL MOLECULAR ZONE OF OUR GALAXY
Authors: Oka Tomoharu , Mizuno Reiko , Miura Kodai , Takekawa Shunya
Published: December 2015

We mapped the high-velocity compact cloud CO–0.40–0.22 in 21 molecular lines in the 3 mm band using the Nobeyama Radio Observatory 45 m radio telescope. Eighteen lines were detected from CO–0.40–0.22. The map of each detected line shows that this cloud has a compact appearance (d ≃ 3 pc) and extremely broad velocity width (ΔV ≃ 100 km s−1). The mass and kinetic energy of CO–0.40–0.22 are estimated to be 103.6
M
⊙ and 1049.7 erg, respectively. The representative position–velocity map along the major axis shows that CO–0.40–0.22 consists of an intense region with a shallow velocity gradient and a less intense high-velocity wing. Here, we show that this kinematical structure can be attributed to a gravitational kick to the molecular cloud caused by an invisible compact object with a mass of ∼105
M
⊙. Its compactness and the absence of counterparts at other wavelengths suggest that this massive object is an intermediate-mass black hole.
Workers' Compensation, Return to Work, and Lumbar Fusion for Spondylolisthesis
Authors: Anderson Joshua T. , Haas Arnold R. , Percy Rick , Woods Stephen T. , Ahn Uri M. , Ahn Nicholas U.
Published: December 2015

Lumbar fusion for spondylolisthesis is associated with consistent outcomes in the general population. However, workers' compensation is a risk factor for worse outcomes. Few studies have evaluated prognostic factors within this clinically distinct population. The goal of this study was to identify prognostic factors for return to work among patients with workers' compensation claims after fusion for spondylolisthesis. The authors used
International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision,
and Current Procedural Terminology codes to identify 686 subjects from the Ohio Bureau of Workers' Compensation who underwent fusion for spondylolisthesis from 1993 to 2013. Positive return to work status was recorded in patients who returned to work within 2 years of fusion and remained working for longer than 6 months. The criteria for return to work were met by 29.9% (n=205) of subjects. The authors used multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify prognostic factors for return to work. Negative preoperative prognostic factors for postoperative return to work included: out of work for longer than 1 year before fusion (
P
<.001; odds ratio [OR], 0.16); depression (
P
=.007; OR<0.01); long-term opioid analgesic use (
P
=.006; OR, 0.41); lumbar stenosis (
P
=.043; OR, 0.55); and legal representation (
P
=.042; OR, 0.63). Return to work rates associated with these factors were 9.7%, 0.0%, 10.0%, 29.2%, and 25.0%, respectively. If these subjects were excluded, the return to work rate increased to 60.4%. The 70.1% (n=481) of subjects who did not return to work had markedly worse outcomes, shown by higher medical costs, chronic opioid dependence, and higher rates of failed back syndrome, total disability, and additional surgery. Psychiatric comorbidity increased after fusion but was much higher in those who did not return to work. Future studies are needed to identify how to better facilitate return to work among similar patients with workers' compensation claims. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(1):e1–e8.]
Publication Productivity of Early-Career Orthopedic Trauma Surgeons
Authors: Hake Mark E. , Lee John J. , Goulet James A.
Published: December 2015

The goals of this study were to: (1) define the publication productivity of early-career orthopedic trauma surgeons over time; (2) compare the early-career publication productivity of recent orthopedic trauma fellowship graduates vs their more senior colleagues; and (3) determine the proportion of fellowship graduates who meet the Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) publication criteria for active membership early in their careers. Orthopedic trauma fellowship graduates from 1982 to 2007 were analyzed. A literature search was performed for each fellow's publications for the 6-year period beginning the year of fellowship graduation. Publication productivity was compared between early and recent groups of graduates, 1987 to 1991 and 2003 to 2007, respectively. Fulfillment of OTA publication criteria was determined. Seventy-nine percent of graduates contributed to 1 or more publications. The recent group produced more total publications per graduate (4.06 vs 3.29,
P
=.01) and more coauthor publications (2.60 vs 2.04,
P
=.019) than the early group. The number of first-author publications did not differ between groups (1.46 vs 1.25,
P
=.26). A greater percentage of the recent group met current OTA publication criteria compared with the early group (51% vs 35%,
P
=.04). The findings showed that recent orthopedic trauma graduates had increased publication productivity compared with their more senior colleagues, although a proportion had not qualified for active OTA membership 6 years into their career. Overall, these data are encouraging and suggest that young orthopedic trauma surgeons remain committed to sustaining a high level of academic excellence. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(1):e26–e30.]
Comparing Entry Points for Antegrade Nailing of Femoral Shaft Fractures
Authors: Sheth Ujash , Gohal Chetan , Chahal Jaskarndip , Nauth Aaron , Dwyer Tim
Published: December 2015

The optimal entry point for antegrade intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft fractures remains controversial. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine whether there is a difference in operative parameters, healing, and functional outcome when comparing the greater trochanter (GT) and piriformis fossa (PF) entry points. A systematic search of multiple databases and 3 major orthopedic meetings (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Canadian Orthopaedic Association, and Orthopaedic Trauma Association) was conducted. Four studies (570 patients) met the inclusion criteria. Mean patient age was 34.5 years, and 60.4% were male. The GT entry point was associated with significantly shorter operative (mean difference [MD], −20.05 minutes [95% confidence interval (CI), −23.09 to −17.02];
P
<.00001) and fluoroscopy times (MD, −24.55 seconds [95% CI, −43.23 to −5.86];
P
=.01). There was no significant difference in nonunion (risk ratio [RR], 0.74 [95% CI, 0.35 to 1.58];
P
=.44) and delayed union rates (RR, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.41 to 2.14];
P
=.88) between the 2 entry points. Heterogeneity in outcome measures reported prevented pooled analysis of functional outcomes. This review supports the use of the GT entry point during antegrade nailing of femoral shaft fractures over the PF entry point, with regard to shorter operative and fluoroscopy times. Healing and complication rates were not related to the entry point. Further study is required to determine the effect of each entry point on the surrounding soft tissue structures and ultimately its impact on postoperative function. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(1):e43–e50.]
Extensive Bone Reaction From Catastrophic Oxidized Zirconium Wear
Authors: Cassar-Gheiti Adrian J. , Collins Dennis , McCarthy Tom
Published: December 2015

The use of alternative bearing surfaces for total hip arthroplasty has become popular to minimize wear and increase longevity, especially in young patients. Oxidized zirconium (Oxinium; Smith & Nephew, Memphis, Tennessee) femoral heads were introduced in the past decade for use in total hip arthroplasty. The advantages of oxidized zirconium include less risk of fracture compared with traditional ceramic heads. This case report describes a patient with a history of bilateral avascular necrosis of the femoral head after chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nonoperative management of avascular necrosis failed, and the patient was treated with bilateral total hip arthroplasty. The patient was followed at regular intervals and had slow eccentric polyethylene wear during a 10-year period. After 10 years, the patient had accelerated wear, with femoral and acetabular bone changes as a result of Oxinium and ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene wear during a 6-month period. This article highlights the unusual accelerated bone changes that occurred as a result of Oxinium wear particles. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(1):e155–e158.]
Pseudotumor Caused by Titanium Particles From a Total Hip Prosthesis
Authors: Sakamoto Masaaki , Watanabe Hitoshi , Higashi Hidetaka , Kubosawa Hitoshi
Published: December 2015

A 77-year-old woman underwent metal-on-polyethylene total hip arthroplasty for osteoarthritis of the right hip at another institution. During surgery, the greater trochanter was broken and internal fixation was performed with a trochanteric cable grip reattachment. Although postoperative recovery was uneventful, approximately 6 years later, the patient had severe right hip pain with apparent swelling, and she was referred to the authors' institution. Plain radiographs showed evidence of severe osteolysis in the proximal femur and cable breakage; however, preoperative aspiration culture findings were negative for bacterial growth. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a well-circumscribed mass, presumed to be a pseudotumor. Serum cobalt and chromium levels were within normal limits, and the serum titanium level was high. During surgery, the mass was excised and removal of the cable system revealed a sharp deficit in the bare femoral stem. Gross surgical findings showed no obvious evidence of infection and no corrosion at the head-neck junction; therefore, all components were retained besides the cable system, which resulted in clinical recovery. All of the cultures from specimens were negative for bacterial growth, and histologic findings were compatible with a pseudotumor, such as histiocytes containing metal particles, abundant plasma cells, and CD8-positive cells. Quantitative analysis by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry showed that the main source of metal debris in the pseudotumor was the femoral stem, which was made of titanium alloy, not the broken cable, which was made of cobalt-chromium alloy. The findings suggest that titanium particles can form symptomatic solid pseudotumors. [Orthopedics.2016; 39(1):e162–e165.]
Los mecanismos de extrañamiento en Amor de Don Perlimplín con Belisa en su jardín de Federico García Lorca
Authors: Gutiérrez Piña Claudia L.
Published: December 2015

Amor de Don Perlimplín con Belisa en su jardín es una de las obras menos privilegiadas por la crítica lorquiana, a pesar de ser una pieza magníficamente lograda. En ella, García Lorca hace uso de procedimientos teatrales que pertenecen a distintos géneros y tonos, con la finalidad de desestabilizar la percepción de las acciones representadas. Estos mecanismos de extrañamiento derivan en la transformación gradual del personaje principal y de la visión de mundo que éste proyecta, como producto de un movimiento que transita de la farsa a la tragedia.
El teatro de Jesús Campos o el falso dilema entre tradición y vanguardia
Authors: Muñoz Cáliz Berta
Published: December 2015

En el marco de la posmodernidad artística, y tomando como referencia el movimiento de la transvanguardia en Italia, con cuyos presupuestos encontramos claras similitudes, el teatro de Jesús Campos, situado por la crítica dentro del movimiento llamado «Nuevo Teatro Español», debido a su audacia expresiva y a su compromiso antifranquista, se distingue no obstante de la mayoría de los autores de este grupo en que, lejos de rechazar frontalmente el realismo de los años 50 y 60, ni la tradición de la comedia y el sainete frecuentadas por los autores conservadores del momento, Campos, ya desde sus inicios a comienzos de los 70, emplea unas y otras formas como recursos expresivos, desde el convencimiento de que las vanguardias no son sino un eslabón más de la tradición. El análisis de estos aspectos pone en cuestión la periodización que viene usando de forma habitual la historiografía del teatro español más reciente.
Una nota biográfica sobre Jerónimo de Cáncer y Velasco
Authors: Martínez Carro Elena , Rubio San Román Alejandro
Published: December 2015

La fecha y lugar de nacimiento del dramaturgo Jerónimo de Cáncer han sido cuestionados en numerosas ocasiones. Distintos investigadores intentaron localizar —de manera infructuosa— la documentación sobre el origen del poeta, lo que ha impedido fijar una datación correcta hasta el momento. El presente artículo trata de aportar algunas noticias familiares, especialmente referidas al traslado de Fadrique Cáncer y su mujer a América, para deducir una controvertida hipótesis sobre el nacimiento del poeta.
Application of TOPSIS Method in Formwork Selection Problem
Authors: Krawczyńska-Piechna Anna
Published: December 2015

Formwork selection problem has been discussed since early 90’s until now by various researchers all over the world. Numerous methods have been applied to solve this problem, but not TOPSIS method, which is a technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution. The paper briefly describes the algorithm of TOPSIS and its advantages over other MCDA methods. An appropriate example presents how to aid formwork selection using TOPSIS. The decisive criteria, their importance weights and formwork systems’ assessment, which are mandatory to solve the problem within the method, were obtained from a structured survey carried out among concrete works’ contractors.
Conception of FEM Analysis Using Special Multi-Area Plane State of Stress Elements
Authors: Mackiewicz Monika , Chyży Tadeusz , Matulewicz Sandra
Published: December 2015

The idea of the special finite elements conception has been presented in the paper. The conception is based on the assumption that area of the structure with different stiffness and geometrical parameters is described by a single element. The idea of the special so-called “multi-area” plane state of stress (shield) elements is the application of modified shape functions. This modification is the use of broken shape functions in both horizontal and vertical direction of plane state of stress finite element. It is proposed to determine explicit form of stiffness matrix for the elements. This increases the computational efficiency compared to numerical integration. To simplify the final form of stiffness matrix, method of broken shape function “expanding” has been applied. The method of simplification of stiffness matrix explicit form has been tested in calculation examples and results have been presented in the paper.
Simplified Numerical Modelling of a Blast Load Impact
Authors: Lidner Michał , Szcześniak Zbigniew
Published: December 2015

Due to a particular complexity of the phenomenon of an explosion in a gaseous medium (air) the most appropriate approach to address it is using numerical methods. This paper presents a specific numerical solution to the phenomenon of the so-called point charge explosion from a one-dimensional perspective taking into account reflections from non-deformable partitions. Results of the numerical calculations were calibrated based on test results and their correctness was additionally verified using gas dynamics methods.
Modified Protective Concrete
Authors: Stankiewicz Natalia
Published: December 2015

When designing the concrete constructions their adequate durability must be taken into consideration. This property can be ensured by modifying the composition of the concrete mix. This can be done through the implementation of appropriate admixtures and additives into cement composites. This modification can be called material and structural protection. The addition of silica fume or replacing part of the ordinary aggregate by basalt aggregate can change the protective concrete properties. New generation admixtures also can be used for reducing water/binder ratio.
In the study, it decided to examine the effects of additives on the technical properties of the protective concretes. The study consisted of determining the optimal composition and modification of cement composites using silica nanoparticles or basalt aggregate. Different contents of cement were also used.
Increase in content of basalt aggregates caused an increase in compressive and flexural strength, respectively, approx. 41% and 66%. In addition, partial replacement of the aggregate resulted in a decrease absorption and water resistance.
Comparison of Methods Determining Particle Sphericity
Authors: Szerakowska Sylwia , Sulewska Maria Jolanta , Trzciński Jerzy , Woronko Barbara
Published: December 2015

Definition and studies on the shape of various bodies are an interdisciplinary issue, raising wide interest among scientists. In geology and geotechnics the studies refer to features related to the shape of soil and rock particles, especially of those used for practical purposes. Due to the complex shape of particles, its three components have been distinguished: sphericity, angularity and surface microtexture. Sphericity usually determines the degree of similarity of a given particle to a sphere, whereas defined as a form refers to the general shape of the particle [3].
Particle shape and parameters that characterise it have not been unequivocally defined and normalised, resulting in a large number of definitions and ways of their determination. An extensive paper presenting the definitions used to describe shape parameters has been presented by Szerakowska [13].
This paper is focused on the comparison of analytical methods and an attempt to select the most optimal method for determining sphericity of particles in construction and road aggregates.
Application of Fractal Geometry in the Evaluation of Surface Microtexture of Soil Particles
Authors: Szerakowska Sylwia , Sulewska Maria Jolanta , Oczeretko Edward Stanisław , Trzciński Jerzy , Woronko Barbara
Published: December 2015

The shape of particles building the solid phase of soils is an important factor influencing soil behaviour. Three parameters defining the characteristics of particle shape: roundness, angularity and texture are the most commonly analyzed. The most difficult issue is texture determination due to its complex nature. Quantitative evaluation of this parameter creates serious problems, however, is not impossible. A new mathematical tool, such as fractal geometry, may be helpful. Through the use of power law, fractal analysis allows to designate fractal dimension that specifies the complexity of the tested object.
Comparison of Methods Determining the Angularity of Aggregate Particles
Authors: Szerakowska Sylwia , Sulewska Maria Jolanta , Trzciński Jerzy , Woronko Barbara
Published: December 2015

Particle shape raises more interest among geologists than among engineering geotechnical staff. It is commonly accepted that particle shape is the result of geological processes, such as transportation and sedimentation, and depends on many factors, such as mineral composition or structure and texture of the host rock. The influence of particle shape on the geotechnical properties of soil has been widely discussed in literature from the early 1900-ties, e.g. by Wadell [3], Riley [16], Pentland [6] and other scientists, who proposed their own definitions and methods of determining particle roundness and angularity. Finally, it has been decided that particle shape should be defined by three independent parameters [2]: roundness, reflecting the general shape of the particle in comparison to a sphere; angularity, describing changes in roundness in the corners of the studied particle; and microtexture, reflecting the complexity of the particle surface in micro scale; this parameter is also referred to as micromorphology. These three parameters describe particle shape at various magnifications and allow obtaining all important data on this feature.
This report is focused on a review and analysis of the analytical methods determining particle angularity, and is an attempt to establish an optimal definition of determining particle angularity in road aggregates. We present selected definitions used to determine angularity, worked out by different authors over the years as an attempt to find the best analytical method of describing angularity.
Comparison of Selected Meshless Methods for Analysis of Steady, Fully-Developed, Laminar Flow of an Incompressible Newtonian Fluid in Internally Finned Tubes
Authors: Grabski Jakub Krzysztof , Kołodziej Jan Adam
Published: December 2015

Fluid flow in internally finned tubes is a very important problem from a practical point of view. In the literature there are many different numerical methods which were used for analysis this problem. However to the best knowledge of the authors of the present paper there are no so many papers in which meshless methods were applied for this purpose. The main advantages of these methods are: easy implementation, semi-analytical form of the approximate solution and no need for mesh generation. In the paper these meshless methods are compared in application for analysis of incompressible, fully-developed, Newtonian fluid flow in an internally finned tube.
Photographic Technique Application to the Determination of Void Fraction in Two-Phase Flow Boiling in Mini Channels
Authors: Płaczkowski Krzysztof , Poniewski Mieczysław , Grabowski Mirosław , Alabrudziński Sławomir
Published: December 2015

The study deals with experimental investigations into heat transfer flow boiling in rectangular, vertical and horizontal mini-channels. The dedicated measurement system was designed to observe flow boiling in the mini-channel. The main task of the system is to record images of two-phase flow with a high-speed video camera, which is equipped with the synchronous movement system. The data, in the form of the footage of two-phase flow structures, were subjected to the analysis with the scripts, developed for that purpose in the MathWorks Matlab 2010b environment. The scripts allowed the determination of void fraction for each pattern of two-phase flow structures observed, at various heat fluxes and various volume fluxes, for two spatial orientations of the mini-channel: vertical and horizontal.
New Environmentally Friendly Solutions to Prevent Oil Pipelines Disasters
Authors: Bardadyn Michał , Paredes Marcelo , Wrobel Mateusz , Paradowski Krystian , Zagórski Andrzej , Kurzydłowski Krzysztof Jan
Published: December 2015

In this paper a newly environmental friendly Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) method for underground oil and gas pipeline networks is proposed. A suitable equipment extracts small samples of material from installed buried pipes for mechanical testing. Numerical calculations using Finite Element Analysis (FEM) proves that decreasing wall-thickness pipes is safe for in-field operating conditions. Nevertheless, those locations from where samples are cut should be monitored. For instance by means of Acoustic Testing (AT) system. New way of placing sensors is proposed. Sensors are introduced inside the pipe so that any acoustic wave changes from surrounding medium can be measured. In this type of AT a straightforward procedure must be followed to install sensors on pipe. Therefore, there is no need to uncover tested areas with qualified personnel.
The research showed that the signals recorded from internal sensors are comparable to those results extracted from external ones. The study also revealed lower vulnerability to acoustic interference of the sensor placed inside the pipeline.
Synthesis of Ethyl Levulinate, a Perspective Biocomponent of Motor Fuels
Authors: Frankiewicz Andrzej , Przedlacki Marcin , Janecka Katarzyna
Published: December 2015

In this work the importance of levulinic acid obtained from lignocellulosic biomass, as a feedstock for the production of 2nd generation biofuels, was presented. One of the derivatives of levulinic acid, having physicochemical properties appropriate for biofuels is ethyl levulinate. The optimal conditions for the synthesis of this ester in an autoclave (temperature, reaction time) were determined. The reaction product was separated from the post-reaction mixture by simple distillation and its purity was determined using gas chromatography. Under optimal conditions the yield of ethyl levulinate was 74% and its purity after distillation was 96,87% (m/m).
The Effect of Leachant pH on the Level of Heavy Metals Release from Industrial Waste
Authors: Mizerna Kamila , Król Anna
Published: December 2015

The degree of heavy metals leaching from soils, sediments and waste depends on a number of physical and chemical factors. One of the key parameters governing the leaching process is the pH of the environment in which the waste is located. Laboratory studies aims to reflect the conditions prevailing in the environment, for example on landfill sites. The results of leaching of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd, Cr) based on the pH of the eluent were presented in this article. The research material was a metallurgical slag from zinc and lead smelter at the department of refined lead. By the use of HNO3and NaOH, the deionized water was adjusted to an appropriate pH value of 3; 5; 10.5 and 12, and then, waste samples with grain size of <1 mm, <2.8 mm and <4 mm were submerged in the eluent. Leaching of heavy metals from waste was also examined in deionized water at pH level of 7.4. The study was performed according to the standard PN-EN 12457-2:2006 [13]. The effect of the liquid pH value on the leaching of heavy metals was presented. The lowest concentration of majority of the metals was determined in the inert environment, and high rate was at the pH value of 3 and 10.5. Chromium was the exception, its concentrations in each fraction of the test waste were the lowest at the pH level of 3, and the highest at the pH value equal to 12.
Degradation Analysis of Notched Foam Concrete Beam
Authors: Kadela Marta , Cińcio Andrzej , Kozlowski Marcin
Published: December 2015

Nowadays, lightweight foamed concrete (LFC) is increasingly being used for structural purposes. Physical and mechanical properties of LFC are unlike the properties of traditional concrete thus constitutive models for concrete may not be used directly to describe its the fracture behavior. The paper presents an attempt to adapt the elastoplastic model with degradation known as Barcelona model for this purpose. The constitutive model is traditionally used for non-linear analyses of concrete and masonry structures. However, when it is used to describe behavior of non-traditional material such as foamed concrete, its parameters must be calibrated. Moreover, the results from Barcelona model are compared with XFEM method of modeling discontinuities in materials. The results of numerical simulations of three-point bending foamed beam with an initial notch are presented.