bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recovery from experimental autoimmune uveitis promotes induction of antiuveitic inducible Tregs
Authors: Lee Darren J , Taylor Andrew W
Published: April 2015

The recovery of EAU, a mouse model of endogenous human autoimmune uveitis, is marked with the emergence of autoantigen-specific regulatory immunity in the spleen that protects the mice from recurrence of EAU. This regulatory immunity is mediated by a melanocortin-driven suppressor APC that presents autoantigen and uses adenosine to activate an antigen-specific CD4+ Tregs through the A2Ar. These cells are highly effective in suppressing uveitis, and they appear to be inducible Tregs. In this study, we determined whether they are inducible or natural Tregs and identified the dependent mechanism for the function of these post-EAU Tregs. The post-EAU spleen CD25+CD4+ T cells were sorted for NRP-1 expression and transferred to recipient mice immunized for EAU. The sorted NRP-1−, but not the NRP-1+, Tregs suppressed EAU. These NRP-1− Tregs coexpress PD-1 and PD-L1. Treatment of naive APCs with α-MSH promoted a regulatory APC that induced CD25+ CD4+ Tregs in a CD73-dependent manner. These Tregs were PD-L1+ PD-1+ NRP-1− FOXP3+ HELIOS− and suppressed EAU when transferred to recipient mice. In contrast, PD-1− T cells did not suppress EAU, indicating that PD-1 is necessary for the suppressive activity of iTregs. Moreover, these Tregs did not suppress effector T cells when the PD/-1/PD-L1 pathway was blocked. These results demonstrate that post-EAU Tregs are inducible Tregs, which use a PD-1/PD-L1 mechanism to suppress disease.
CD163L1 and CLEC5A discriminate subsets of human resident and inflammatory macrophages in vivo
Authors: González-Domínguez érika , Samaniego Rafael , Flores-Sevilla José Luis , Campos-Campos Salvador F , Gómez-Campos Guillermo , Salas Azucena , Campos-Peña Victoria , Corbí Ángel L , Sánchez-Mateos Paloma , Sánchez-Torres Carmen
Published: April 2015

Macrophages (Mφ) can be differentiated and polarized in vitro from human CD14+ monocytes under the influence of GM-CSF (GM-Mφ) and M-CSF (M-Mφ). GM-Mφs are proinflammatory and M-Mφs have an anti-inflammatory phenotype. We found selective expression of the lectin C-type lectin domain family 5 member A (CLEC5A) transcripts in GM-Mφs and the scavenger receptor CD163 molecule-like 1 (CD163L1) in M-Mφs by microarray assay. In vitro, CD163L1 expression was induced by IL-10 and M-CSF and CLEC5A by inflammatory cytokines and cell adherence. In secondary lymphoid organs, their respective expression was restricted to CD68+/CD163+ Mφs that preferentially produced either TNF (CLEC5A+) or IL-10 (CD163L1+). Mφs from healthy liver and colon tissue were mostly CD163L1+, and CLEC5A+ cells were scarce. In contrast, CLEC5A+ Mφs were abundant in the intestinal lamina propria from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with higher numbers of CLEC5A+CD163L1+ found compared with those in secondary lymphoid organs. CLEC5A+ cells were CD14+CD209−CD11b+CD11c+TNF+IL-10+, and single positive CD163L1+ cells were CD14−CD209+CD11b−CD11c−TNF−IL-10+ in healthy donors and had lost the ability to produce IL-10 and to express CD209 in those with IBD. In melanomas, CLEC5A+ tumor-associated Mφs (TAMs) were not detected in 42% of the cases evaluated, but CD163L1+ TAMs were found in 100%. Similar to IBD, CD163L1+ TAMs expressed high levels of CD209 and produced significant amounts of IL-10, and CLEC5A+ TAMs were CD14hi and produced enhanced levels of TNF in metastases. Overall, these results suggest that CD163L1 expression is associated with tissue-resident Mφs with an anti-inflammatory or anergic phenotype and that CLEC5A+ Mφs exhibit TNF-producing ability and might display a proinflammatory effect.
Social assets, low income and child social, emotional and behavioural wellbeing
Authors: Treanor Morag
Published: April 2015

This article examines the association between mothers’ social assets and child social, emotional and behavioural (SEB) wellbeing for children living in a family with a persistently low income. The results show that low income is associated with lower social assets and lower SEB wellbeing in children; however, mothers living with a persistently low income but who have high social assets are significantly associated with higher levels of SEB wellbeing in their children, an interaction that is not significant for any other income quintile. Additionally, many of the sociodemographic variables assumed in the literature to be important in terms of child SEB wellbeing, such as family composition, young motherhood and maternal ethnicity, reduce in significance once income and mothers’ social assets are taken into account.
Durabilidade de rosas, gérberas e crisântemos comercializados em Pelotas-RS
Authors: Fischer Síntia Zitzke , Stumpf Elisabeth Regina Tempel , Castro Caroline Marques , Barbieri Rosa Lía , Heiden Gustavo
Published: April 2015

Cut flowers are one of the most important floricultural products and one of the features that define its quality is vase life. Thus, longer vase life will be achieved when production sites are closer to the consumer market. Based on the above, this experiment compared vase life of rose, gerbera and chrysanthemums supplied by Pelotas’s local growers and by São Paulo’s wholesalers. For each treatment (origin), 20 stems of each species were evaluated. Randomized block design were used with five repetitions of four stems per block and vase life assessment performed every three days during 15 days. Vase life was higher for roses and gerberas produced in Pelotas, average of 9 and 7 days, respectively. No significant difference was observed to chrysanthemum vase life, average were 12 days for both flower origins. The results indicate that the distance between the production sites and the consumer market influences the quality and vase life of roses and gerberas marketed in Pelotas.
Comparative Clinical and Haematological Investigations in Lactating Cows with Subclinical and Clinical Ketosis
Authors: Marutsova Vania , Binev Rumen , Marutsov Plamen
Published: April 2015

Ketosis of lactating cows is among the most common metabolic diseases in modern dairy farms. The economic importance of the disease is caused by the reduced milk yield and body weight loss, poor feed conversion, lower conception rates, culling and increased mortality of affected animals. In the present study, a total of 47 high-yielding dairy cows up to 45 days in milk (DIM) are included. All animals were submitted to physical examination wich included checking the rectal body temperature, heart rate, respiratory and rumen contraction rates, and inspection of visible mucous coats. The body condition was scored, and blood β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentrations were assayed. The cows were divided into 3 groups: first group (control) (n=24) with blood β-hydroxybutyrate level <1.2 mmol/l, second group (n=15) with blood β-hydroxybutyrate between 1.2-2.6 mmol/l (subclinical ketosis) and third group (n=8) with blood β-hydroxybutyrate >2.6 mmol/l (clinical ketosis). Whole blood samples were obtained and analyzed for Red Blood Cell (RBC, 1012/l), Hemoglobin (HGB, g/l), Hematocrit (HCT, %), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV, fl), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH, pg), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC, g/l), White Blood Cell (WBC, 109/l), Lymphocytes (LYM, 109/l), Monocytes (MON, 109/l), Granulocytes (GRA, 109/l), Red Blood Distribution Width (RDW, %), Red Blood Cell Distribution Width Absolute (RDWa, fl), Platelets (PLT, 109/l) and Mean Platelet Volume (MPV, fl). In this study, deviations in the clinical parameters in the control group and in those with subclinical ketosis were not identified. The cows from the third group (clinical ketosis) exhibited hypotonia, anorexia and body weight loss vs. control group. Hematological analysis showed leukocytosis and lymphocytosis in cows with subclinical ketosis vs. control group. In cows with clinical ketosis WBC counts decreased (leukopenia), while hemoglobin content and hematocrit values are higher vs. control group. Blood BHBA values are higher in both groups of ketotic cows vs. the control group. The other analyzed parameters (RBC, MCH, MCHC, MCV, RDW, RDWa, MON, GRA, PLT and MPV) were close to control values.
Teach For All: Storytelling “Shared Solutions” and Scaling Global Reform
Authors: Ahmann Chloe
Published: April 2015

Teach For All is a global network of state-based organizations that translate Teach For America’s market model of school reform into moral projects of nation-building abroad. Referring to this challenge as one of “scaling” the organization, its leaders elaborate a theory of change that hinges on replicability: in order to effect a global education revolution, Teach For All must reproduce inspiring instances of change in classrooms around the world. In service of this goal, the organization marshals an impressive archive of transformational stories. Each supports its “shared problems, shared solutions” philosophy and attains status as evidence, suggesting that Teach For All’s brand of transformative teaching can eradicate educational inequity despite the contingencies of place. Teach For All’s use of stories to “sell” this brand of reform is itself nothing new. But what is so peculiar about Teach For All’s project is that tales of individual conversion – of situated transformation – come to serve as sites for scalability. By exploring stories as technologies of scale, tracing the ways in which they travel the globe and operate on different audiences, and interrogating the work they do within Teach For All’s ideological apparatus, this article explores the relationship between storytelling “shared solutions” and scaling global reform, and the generic subject that such a relationship produces.
Teach For America and Teach For All: Creating an Intermediary Organization Network for Global Education Reform
Authors: La Londe Priya Goel , Brewer T Jameson , Lubienski Christopher A
Published: April 2015

Locally and globally among policymakers and edupreneurs, what constitutes “good teaching and learning” is highly contested, and prototypes that seem to embody “what works” are highly valued. In the United States, many accept Teach For America (TFA) as an exemplar of “what works.” As its U.S. operations continue to grow, TFA has recalibrated and expanded into Teach for All, an international organization with extensive reach. Teach For All not only finds historic roots in TFA, but it reflects TFA’s intentional expansion of its theory of change and implementation on a global scale. This exploratory essay investigates the linkages between TFA and TFAll, focusing on theory and implementation of education reform by comparing domestic TFA ideology and practices with those of TFAll. Also, we conceptualize the dimensions and anatomy of a global network of IOs engaged in global education reform. In addition to providing insight on TFAll, our broader goal is to build the knowledge base around what we are calling global Intermediary Organization Networks (IONs).
Theorizing and Documenting the Spread of Teach For All and its Impact on Global Education Reform
Authors: Straubhaar Rolf , Friedrich Daniel
Published: April 2015

Within global education policy, the role of multilateral agencies in pushing cross-national policy borrowing is increasingly being complemented by efforts from private international networks within civil society, such as Teach For All. This introductory article summarizes the scarce extant literature on Teach For All, highlighting the contributions to this growing area of inquiry within this special issue. Especially provocative and fruitful lines of further inquiry surrounding Teach For All and similar policy networks are also highlighted and explored.
Subjective Understanding and Individual Interpretation of the Life Value “HEALTH” by the Second-Year Students of Lower Secondary Schools and of the First- and Second-Year Students of Upper Secondary Schools in Slovakia
Authors: Krásna Slávka
Published: April 2015

The article focuses on the value “health”, as a component of the value orientation of students of lower secondary schools and upper secondary schools in our country. At the same time, it focuses on the presentation and interpretation of the results of a research conducted on a sample of students of selected schools, which was a part of a more comprehensive research on subjective understanding and individual interpretation of selected life values of lower secondary and upper secondary school students in Slovakia.
Contemporary Education – Changes of the System, Research Reports and the Dimensions of Real Social Expectations
Authors: Nowosad Inetta , Karmolińska-Jagodzik Ewa
Published: April 2015

The article attempts to analyze transitions which have occurred in education system in Poland during last years. The authors reveal numerous changes of the system on the basis of various reports, research results, public speeches and legal acts which have been put into practice. These changes are shown from teachers’, pupils’ and parents’ point of view, and are corrected through the prism of social expectations. Moreover, the dilemmas of contemporary teacher are revealed, as well as expectations of the society which participates in constantly transforming reality of global world.
Neuroscience and Didactic Principles and Implications of Brain-Based Teaching and Learning
Authors: Schachl Hans
Published: April 2015

The article deals with the role of neuroscience in education. For educational purposes, it is crucial to know how the brain works as learning is a brain-based activity. In the article, the reader can also find the basic brain-based teaching principles
Metrology for drug delivery
Authors: Lucas Peter , Klein Stephan
Published: April 2015

In various recently published studies, it is argued that there are underestimated risks with infusion technology, i.e., adverse incidents believed to be caused by inadequate administration of the drugs. This is particularly the case for applications involving very low-flow rates, i.e., <1 ml/h and applications involving drug delivery by means of multiple pumps. The risks in infusing are caused by a lack of awareness, incompletely understood properties of the complete drug delivery system and a lack of a proper metrological infrastructure for low-flow rates. Technical challenges such as these were the reason a European research project “Metrology for Drug Delivery” was started in 2011. In this special issue of
Drastik und Erhabenheit
Authors: Moldenhauer Benjamin
Published: April 2015

The essay defines two different modes of filmic violence: sublime and drastic pictures of violence. Based on the definitions of the sublime by Edmund Burke and Immanuel Kant, I argue that the sublime has the tendency to detach the viewer from possible affective end empathetic response to pictures of bodies in pain on the screen. By contrast, the drastic mode has potential to evoke empathetic reactions. Both modes are grounded in specific ways of showing violence: the sublime mode diminishes the bodies on the screen, the drastic mode shows us the faces in close-up and tries to immerse the viewer in the violence.

Both definitions are informed by phenomenological film theory (especially the works of Vivian Sobchack), which positions the body of the viewer at the centre of film reception. Nevertheless, the somatic experience is not the only scope of film reception. Films not only show us a filmic world but also suggest a more or less specific way of seeing the world outside the cinema.

To this effect, both ways of staging violence have ideological implications. The sublime violence allows the viewer to experience himself as strong and invulnerable, while drastic pictures of violence tend to victimize the viewer.

These assumptions are tested on two exemplary instances: the helicopter scene in Francis Ford Coppolas war movie Apocalypse Now and the shower scene in Alfred Hitchcock’s Psycho.
Recovery of the matrix quadratic differential pencil from the spectral data
Authors: Bondarenko Natalia
Published: April 2015

We consider a pencil of matrix Sturm–Liouville operators on a finite interval. We study the properties of its spectral characteristics and inverse problems that consist in the recovering of the pencil by the spectral data, that is, eigenvalues and so-called weight matrices. This inverse problem is reduced to a linear equation in a Banach space by the method of spectral mappings. A constructive algorithm for the solution of the inverse problem is provided.
Challenges in the diagnosis and prevention of viral infections
Authors: Verheyen Jens
Published: April 2015

Diagnostic assays for detection and monitoring of virus infections have become more and more important and are widely used in routine diagnostics. In particular, the detection of newly emerging infectious diseases is challenging. In addition, travel-associated diseases caused by dengue viruses, chikungunya viruses, influenza viruses, or other viruses draw the attention of physicians. Therapeutic treatment regimens and prevention strategies can also influence the need for diagnostic assays, such as, in the case of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human papillomavirus (HPV). Moreover, well-known virus infections, such as hepatitis E virus infections, can gain new clinical relevance.
Recommendations for the frequency of ordering laboratory testing
Authors: Orth Matthias , Aufenanger Johannes , Hoffmann Georg , Hofmann Walter , Klosson Rupert , Lichtinghagen Ralf , Otte Klaus-Martin , Stamminger Gudrun , Stiegler Yuriko , Wiegel Bernhard , Wieland Eberhard , and for the Laboratory Medicine Section of the German Societ
Published: April 2015

Laboratory testing is crucial for the successful medical treatment of many patients. Laboratory tests should neither be ordered too infrequently nor too frequently (in the form of repeat testing). These recommendations summarize the intervals for repeat testing based on studies, pathophysiology and consensus, in regard to both the time intervals between two tests and the additional criteria for the repeat testing. These recommendations are complemented by general principles for the indication and testing frequency of laboratory testing.
Stochastic small perturbation based simulation technique for solving isotropic elastostatics equations
Authors: Kolyukhin Dmitriy , Sabelfeld Karl K.
Published: April 2015

The paper deals with a stochastic analysis of random displacements governed by isotropic elasticity equations.
The elasticity constants are assumed to be random fields with gaussian distribution.
Under the assumption of small fluctuations of elasticity constants but not ignoring their distribution and correlation structure,
we derive the spectral tensor of the random displacement field. A randomized spectral representation is then used to simulate this random field numerically. The same approach was applied to the case of random loading. In this case, the intensity of fluctuations may be arbitrarily large.
A series of test calculations confirm the high accuracy and computational efficiency of the method.
Solubility and spectroscopic study of AnIII/LnIII in dilute to concentrated Na–Mg–Ca–Cl–NO3 solutions
Authors: Herm Michel , Gaona Xavier , Rabung Thomas , Fellhauer David , Crepin Claire , Dardenne Kathy , Altmaier Marcus , Geckeis Horst
Published: April 2015

The complexation of AnIII/LnIII with nitrate was investigated in dilute to concentrated Na–Mg–Ca–Cl–NO3 solutions at 2.94 ≤ pHm ≤ 13.2 and T = 22 ± 2 °C. Comprehensive solubility experiments with Nd(OH)3(s) were performed from undersaturation conditions and complemented by extensive spectroscopic studies using Cm(III)–TRLFS (time resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy) and Nd–LIII EXAFS (extended X-ray absorption fine structure) under analogous pHm, I
m and m
NO3
−
conditions. Solid phases recovered from batch solubility experiments were characterized by XRD and SEM-EDS. A significant influence of nitrate on the solubility of Nd(OH)3(s) is observed in concentrated weakly alkaline MgCl2–Mg(NO3)2 solutions with total salt concentration ≥ 2.83 m and m
NO3
−
≥ 1.13 m. Nitrate has no effect in any of the studied NaCl–NaNO3 and CaCl2–Ca(NO3)2 mixtures, thus highlighting the key role of Mg2+ in the Nd(III)–NO3 interaction. The formation of inner-sphere complexes with the participation of Mg2+ is further confirmed by Cm(III)–TRLFS and Nd–LIII EXAFS. Based on these experimental evidences, the proposed chemical model includes the definition of two new aqueous species Mg[AnIII/LnIIINO3OH]3+ and Mg[AnIII/LnIIINO3(OH)2]2+ in equilibrium with solid Nd(OH)3(s) and allows to derive the thermodynamic and activity models (Pitzer) for the system Nd3+/Cm3+–H+–Mg2+–OH−–Cl−–NO3
−–H2O.
Care Coordination of Multimorbidity: A Scoping Study
Authors: Doessing Anne , Burau Viola
Published: April 2015

Background

A key challenge in healthcare systems worldwide is the large number of patients who suffer from multimorbidity; despite this, most systems are organized within a single-disease framework.

Objective

The present study addresses two issues: the characteristics and preconditions of care coordination for patients with multimorbidity; and the factors that promote or inhibit care coordination at the levels of provider organizations and healthcare professionals.

Design

The analysis is based on a scoping study, which combines a systematic literature search with a qualitative thematic analysis. The search was conducted in November 2013 and included the PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases, as well as the Cochrane Library, websites of relevant organizations and a hand-search of reference lists. The analysis included studies with a wide range of designs, from industrialized countries, in English, German and the Scandinavian languages, which focused on both multimorbidity/comorbidity and coordination of integrated care.

Results

The analysis included 47 of the 226 identified studies. The central theme emerging was complexity. This related to both specific medical conditions of patients with multimorbidity (case complexity) and the organization of care delivery at the levels of provider organizations and healthcare professionals (care complexity).

Conclusions

In terms of how to approach care coordination, one approach is to reduce complexity and the other is to embrace complexity. Either way, future research must take a more explicit stance on complexity and also gain a better understanding of the role of professionals as a prerequisite for the development of new care coordination interventions.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor regulates cell motility in human colon cancer
Authors: Huang Ssu-Ming , Lin Chingju , Lin Hsiao-Yun , Chiu Chien-Ming , Fang Chia-Wei , Liao Kuan-Fu , Chen Dar-Ren , Yeh Wei-Lan
Published: April 2015

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a potent neurotrophic factor that has been shown to affect cancer cell metastasis and migration. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms of BDNF-induced cell migration in colon cancer cells. The migratory activities of two colon cancer cell lines, HCT116 and SW480, were found to be increased in the presence of human BDNF. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO)-1 is known to be involved in the development and progression of tumors. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie HO-1 in the regulation of colon cancer cell migration remain unclear. Expression of HO-1 protein and mRNA increased in response to BDNF stimulation. The BDNF-induced increase in cell migration was antagonized by a HO-1 inhibitor and HO-1 siRNA. Furthermore, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) also increased in response to BDNF stimulation, as did VEGF mRNA expression and transcriptional activity. The increase in BDNF-induced cancer cell migration was antagonized by a VEGF-neutralizing antibody. Moreover, transfection with HO-1 siRNA effectively reduced the increased VEGF expression induced by BDNF. The BDNF-induced cell migration was regulated by the ERK, p38, and Akt signaling pathways. Furthermore, BDNF-increased HO-1 and VEGF promoter transcriptional activity were inhibited by ERK, p38, and AKT pharmacological inhibitors and dominant-negative mutants in colon cancer cells. These results indicate that BDNF increases the migration of colon cancer cells by regulating VEGF/HO-1 activation through the ERK, p38, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. The results of this study may provide a relevant contribution to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which BDNF promotes colon cancer cell motility.
3-iodothyronamine differentially modulates α-2A-adrenergic receptor-mediated signaling
Authors: Dinter Juliane , Mühlhaus Jessica , Jacobi Simon Friedrich , Wienchol Carolin Leonie , Cöster Maxi , Meister Jaroslawna , Hoefig Carolin Stephanie , Müller Anne , Köhrle Josef , Grüters Annette , Krude Heiko , Mittag Jens , Schöneberg Torsten , Kleinau Gunnar , Biebermann Heike
Published: April 2015

Mostin vivoeffects of 3-iodothyronamine (3-T1AM) have been thus far thought to be mediated by binding at the trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1). Inconsistently, the 3-T1AM-induced hypothermic effect still persists inTaar1knockout mice, which suggests additional receptor targets. In support of this general assumption, it has previously been reported that 3-T1AM also binds to the α-2A-adrenergic receptor (ADRA2A), which modulates insulin secretion. However, the mechanism of this effect remains unclear. We tested two different scenarios that may explain the effect: the sole action of 3-T1AM at ADRA2A and a combined action of 3-T1AM at ADRA2A and TAAR1, which is also expressed in pancreatic islets. We first investigated a potential general signaling modification using the label-free EPIC technology and then specified changes in signaling by cAMP inhibition and MAPKs (ERK1/2) determination. We found that 3-T1AM induced Gi/oactivation at ADRA2A and reduced the norepinephrine (NorEpi)-induced MAPK activation. Interestingly, in ADRA2A/TAAR1 hetero-oligomers, application of NorEpi resulted in uncoupling of the Gi/osignaling pathway, but it did not affect MAPK activation. However, 3-T1AM application in mice over a period of 6 days at a daily dose of 5 mg/kg had no significant effects on glucose homeostasis. In summary, we report an agonistic effect of 3-T1AM on the ADRA2A-mediated Gi/opathway but an antagonistic effect on MAPK induced by NorEpi. Moreover, in ADRA2A/TAAR1 hetero-oligomers, the capacity of NorEpi to stimulate Gi/osignaling is reduced by co-stimulation with 3-T1AM. The present study therefore points to a complex spectrum of signaling modification mediated by 3-T1AM at different G protein-coupled receptors.
Characterisation of Ring Testing in the Design of Offshore Oil Transportation Systems
Authors: Federico Guarracino  , Aldo Giordano
Published: April 2015

The manufacturing procedure qualification tests (MPQT) of offshore pipelines projects has recently started to rely on ring collapse tests, which consist in testing a short section (50 mm) of a full scale joint. This approach is capable of providing valuable insight into the collapse behaviour of offshore pipelines and has practical, financial and logistic benefits.Detailed analytical and numerical work has been carried out in order to understand the collapse mechanisms and the influence of several parameters, like geometry, material strength and seal friction, on the collapse behaviour has been investigated.It is found that the shape of the initial imperfection and the seal friction can both affect the collapse and produce a variation in the value of the collapsing pressure.
Sidetrack/Recompletion Time Evaluation by Proxy Model
Authors: J.T. Ajibola  , K.B. Orodu  , O.D. Orodu
Published: April 2015

Sidetrack during field development and ongoing production arises to exploit bypassed reserves, unexploited zones and to tackle unforeseen conditions that are likely to occur due to uncertainties and heterogeneity in initially characterizing a reservoir. Whereas recompletion is due to sequential production of stacked reservoirs or multiple pay zones that is caused by regulation on commingling. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the application of experimental design (ED) in optimizing sidetrack/recompletion time of multiple pay zones in view of maximizing returns on investment by net present value (NPV) and expected monetary value (EMV). A hypothetical reservoir of two pay zones with uncertainties associated with pay thickness, porosity, permeability and time to perform the sidetrack was considered. The ED method of Box-Behnken response surface design was used to reduce the number of runs made by generating the most effective combination of variables for the experiment. Experimental runs were conducted with a Black Oil reservoir simulator to give production profile and the computed NPV was used afterwards to produce the Proxy model in ED. NPV computed from the Proxy Model was reasonable compared to that of the production profile from the simulator. However, a higher level D-Optimal or factorial design may be required for a reasonable match of EMV with respect to obtaining a realistic sidetrack/recompletion time.
Lung cancer risk in professional drivers in Korea: A population‐based proportionate cancer incidence ratio study
Authors: Koh Dong‐Hee , Kong Hyun‐Joo , Oh Chang‐Mo , Jung Kyu‐Won , Park Donguk , Won Young‐Joo
Published: April 2015

Lung cancer risk in professional drivers in Korea: A population‐based proportionate cancer incidence ratio study: Dong‐Hee Koh, et al. Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Republic of Korea

Objective

Professional drivers are exposed to diesel engine exhaust and outdoor air pollution while driving. Diesel engine exhaust and outdoor air pollution are known carcinogens causing lung cancer. However, previous epidemiological studies examining lung cancer risk in professional drivers have not shown a consistent association. In the present study, we evaluated lung cancer risk among Korean professional drivers.

Methods

Subjects consisted of male drivers aged 30–59 registered in the Korea Central Cancer Registry for lung cancer between 1999 and 2011. Proportionate cancer incidence ratios (PCIRs) for lung cancer were calculated and indirectly age standardized with the male general population. Additional PCIRs were calculated by indirectly adjusting for the effect of cigarette smoking.

Results

The PCIR for lung cancer in professional drivers during the study period increased significantly (1.20, 95% CI: 1.13−1.26). The increased risk was generally consistent throughout study years and age categories. Adjusting for the effect of cigarette smoking did not change the significance of the associations (1.09, 95% CI: 1.03−1.15).

Conclusions

Our findings support an association between lung cancer and driver jobs in the Korean male population. However, the association should be further evaluated in a study with a longitudinal design and a quantitative exposure assessment.
Surgical exposure of the internal auditory canal through the retrosigmoid approach with semicircular canals anatomical preservation
Authors: Leal Andre Giacomelli , Silva Jr Erasmo Barros da , Ramina Ricardo
Published: April 2015

Objective Evaluate the feasibility of an adequate exposure with anatomical preservation of labyrinth structures through retrosigmoid transmeatal approach (RSA) in surgeries for resection of acoustic neuromas/vestibular schwannomas (VS). Method Thirty patients underwent surgical resection and were preoperatively evaluated with fine slice high definition CT scans and 3D-MRI volumetric reconstructions. Extension of internal auditory canal (IAC) opening during surgery was measured using 3 mm right-angle calibrated hook and neuronavigation parameters. Postoperatively, the extension of IAC opening and integrity of the labyrinth were confirmed through preoperatively images procedures. Results The preoperative length of IACs varied between 7.8 and 12.0 mm (mean 9.3 mm, SD 0.98, 95%CI 8.9 to 9.6, and median 9.0 mm). Postoperative images demonstrated adequate opening of the IAC and semicircular channels integrity. Conclusion A complete drilling of the posterior wall of IAC through the RSA is feasible and allows direct visualization of the IAC-fundus without damaging the semicircular canals.
SOIL ORGANIC MATTER FRACTIONS IN PRESERVED AND DISTURBED WETLANDS OF THE CERRADO BIOME
Authors: Sousa Ricardo Fernandes de , Brasil Eliana Paula Fernandes , Figueiredo Cícero Célio de , Leandro Wilson Mozena
Published: April 2015

Veredas are humid tropical ecosystems, generally associated to hydromorphic soils and a shallow water table. The soils of these ecosystems are affected by the use of the areas around these veredas. The objective of this study was to determine soil organic matter (SOM) fractions in veredas adjacent to preserved (native savanna) and disturbed environments (agricultural areas and pastures) in the Cerrado biome. Soil samples were collected from the 0-10 and 10-20 cm layers along reference lines drawn along the relief following the upper, middle and lower positions of one of the slopes, in the direction of the draining line of the vereda. The soil analysis determined: total soil OC, total nitrogen and C:N ratio; C and N contents and C:N ratio in particulate and mineral-associated fractions (of SOM); fulvic acids, humic acids and humin fractions and ratio between humic and fulvic acids. The agricultural use around the veredas induced changes in the SOM fractions, more pronounced in the lower part of the slope. In the soil surface of this part, the OC levels in the humic substances and the particulate fraction of SOM, as well as total soil OC were reduced in the vereda next to crop fields.
DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANIC CARBON IN DIFFERENT SOIL FRACTIONS IN ECOSYSTEMS OF CENTRAL AMAZONIA
Authors: Marques Jean Dalmo de Oliveira , Luizão Flávio Jesus , Teixeira Wenceslau Geraldes , Sarrazin Max , Ferreira Sávio José Filgueira , Beldini Troy Patrick , Marques Elizalane Moura de Araújo
Published: April 2015

Organic matter plays an important role in many soil properties, and for that reason it is necessary to identify management systems which maintain or increase its concentrations. The aim of the present study was to determine the quality and quantity of organic C in different compartments of the soil fraction in different Amazonian ecosystems. The soil organic matter (FSOM) was fractionated and soil C stocks were estimated in primary forest (PF), pasture (P), secondary succession (SS) and an agroforestry system (AFS). Samples were collected at the depths 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80, 80-100, 100-160, and 160-200 cm. Densimetric and particle size analysis methods were used for FSOM, obtaining the following fractions: FLF (free light fraction), IALF (intra-aggregate light fraction), F-sand (sand fraction), F-clay (clay fraction) and F-silt (silt fraction). The 0-5 cm layer contains 60 % of soil C, which is associated with the FLF. The F-clay was responsible for 70 % of C retained in the 0-200 cm depth. There was a 12.7 g kg-1 C gain in the FLF from PF to SS, and a 4.4 g kg-1 C gain from PF to AFS, showing that SS and AFS areas recover soil organic C, constituting feasible C-recovery alternatives for degraded and intensively farmed soils in Amazonia. The greatest total stocks of carbon in soil fractions were, in decreasing order: (101.3 Mg ha-1 of C - AFS) > (98.4 Mg ha-1 of C - FP) > (92.9 Mg ha-1 of C - SS) > (64.0 Mg ha-1 of C - P). The forms of land use in the Amazon influence C distribution in soil fractions, resulting in short- or long-term changes.
SPATIAL VARIABILITY AND VITALITY OF EPIGEOUS TERMITE MOUNDS IN PASTURES OF MATO GROSSO DO SUL, BRAZIL
Authors: Lima Sandra Santana , Ceddia Marcos Bacis , Zuchello Fernando , Aquino Adriana Maria de , Mercante Fábio Martins , Alves Bruno José Rodrigues , Urquiaga Segundo , Martius Christopher , Boddey Robert Michael
Published: April 2015

Epigeous termite mounds are frequently observed in pasture areas, but the processes regulating their population dynamics are poorly known. This study evaluated epigeous termite mounds in cultivated grasslands used as pastures, assessing their spatial distribution by means of geostatistics and evaluating their vitality. The study was conducted in the Cerrado biome in the municipality of Rio Brilhante, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. In two pasture areas (Pasture 1 and Pasture 2), epigeous mounds (nests) were georeferenced and analyzed for height, circumference and vitality (inhabited or not). The area occupied by the mounds was calculated and termite specimens were collected for taxonomic identification. The spatial distribution pattern of the mounds was analyzed with geostatistical procedures. In both pasture areas, all epigeous mounds were built by the same species, Cornitermes cumulans. The mean number of mounds per hectare was 68 in Pasture 1 and 127 in Pasture 2, representing 0.4 and 1 % of the entire area, respectively. A large majority of the mounds were active (vitality), 91 % in Pasture 1 and 84 % in Pasture 2. A “pure nugget effect” was observed in the semivariograms of height and nest circumference in both pastures reflecting randomized spatial distribution and confirming that the distribution of termite mounds in pastures had a non-standard distribution.
A Psicologia da Universidade de São Paulo e as relações raciais: perspectivas emergentes
Authors: Schucman Lia Vainer , Nunes Sylvia da Silveira , Costa Eliane Silvia
Published: April 2015

O presente artigo visa apresentar a produção acadêmica sobre o tema raça e racismo elaborada no Instituto de Psicologia da USP (IPUSP). Para tanto, fizemos uma análise das teses e dissertações produzidas no IPUSP entre 1970 e 2012 e que utilizaram essas categorias para compreensão de fenômenos subjetivos, sociais e políticos. Dentre outros aspectos, constatamos que os trabalhos analisados se dividem principalmente em três grandes eixos, são eles: denúncia do racismo, modos de subjetivação do racismo e estratégias para superá-lo. No entanto, é possível considerar que são poucos os trabalhos que versam de forma sistemática acerca da desconstrução do racismo, bem como sobre metodologias e técnicas em que psicólogos poderiam contribuir para a luta antirracista na sociedade brasileira. Por assim dizer, ainda há uma lacuna no conhecimento de Psicologia e relações raciais que deveria ser aprofundado por psicólogos.
Antimicrobial susceptibility and pathogenicity of Escherichia coli strains of environmental origin
Authors: Carvalho Daiane , Finkler Fabrine , Grassotti Tiela Trapp , Kunert Filho Hiran Castagnino , Lima Francisco Esmaile de Sales , Soares Beatriz Dugaich , Rossato Juliana Marzari , Cunha Augusto César da , Brito Kelly Cristina Tagliari de , Brito Benito Guimarães de
Published: April 2015

The study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of 109 samples of Escherichia coli (E. coli) of environmental origin and to characterize these isolates according to the degree of pathogenicity in vivo, verifying a possible relationship between this variable and susceptibility to the active principles tested. The isolates were subjected to disc diffusion test to 14 antibiotics. From 16.5% to 90% of the samples were sensitive; 1 - 28.5% showed intermediate degree of susceptibility and between 9 to 78% of E. coli analyzed were resistant. The highest resistance percentages were seen in the class of quinolones and tetracyclines (>75%), and for sensitivity in the class of amphenicols (68.8%). By inoculating 1- day - old chicks, the isolates were classified as highly pathogenic (2.7%), intermediate (10.1%), low (42.2%) and apathogenic (45%). It was observed a wide variation in the susceptibility profile of isolates in relation to antimicrobials. It was also found that most of the samples had pathogenic potential (55%), thus being considered as APEC (avian pathogenic E. coli). No relationship between pathogenicity and antimicrobial susceptibility (P≤0.05) was observed.
A DINÂMICA IDENTITÁRIA DE PESSOAS COM DEFICIÊNCIA: UM ESTUDO NO BRASIL E NOS ESTADOS UNIDOS
Authors: MOREIRA LILIAN BARROS , CAPPELLE MÔNICA CARVALHO ALVES , CARVALHO-FREITAS MARIA NIVALDA DE
Published: April 2015

A diversidade é um tema bastante complexo e controverso. Engloba as chamadas "minorias" não em termos numéricos, mas em termos do exercício do poder. Compõem as minorias os negros, pessoas com deficiência, mulheres, indígenas e outros. Embora haja avanços nessa discussão, inclusive na legislação, ainda se observam lacunas quando se fala do trabalho para essas minorias. Para o presente trabalho, escolheram-se, entre as minorias, as pessoas com deficiência (PCDs), pois, segundo a Organização Internacional do Trabalho (2010), elas representam 10% da população mundial, ou seja, cerca de 650 milhões de pessoas, dentre as quais aproximadamente 72% estão em idade produtiva. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente artigo foi compreender a dinâmica identitária de PCDs inseridas em organizações de trabalho, localizadas no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos. Para isso, elaborou-se um arcabouço teórico com base na abordagem sociológica da identidade de Dubar (2005). Optou-se pela pesquisa qualitativa e exploratória, a partir de uma abordagem interpretativa. As técnicas de coleta de dados utilizadas foram: entrevista semiestruturada e pesquisa documental. Foram entrevistadas 12 PCDs no Brasil e oito nos Estados Unidos, entre homens e mulheres. As entrevistas foram gravadas, transcritas e analisadas por meio da análise de conteúdo. Constatou-se que, tanto no Brasil como nos Estados Unidos, o trabalho das PCDs entrevistadas configura-se como um importante instrumento para dar sentido a suas vidas, e suas respectivas deficiências se fazem presentes no processo de socialização organizacional. Além disso, uma das principais barreiras enfrentadas pelas PCDs entrevistadas, no que tange ao emprego, era a própria deficiência. Assim, percebeu-se um conflito entre quem o indivíduo é e quem ele acha que deve ser para poder trabalhar. Observou-se que a identidade do indivíduo é resultado de um movimento de construção e reconstrução entre as suas (muitas) identidades e que o indivíduo não consegue se identificar apenas por seus olhos, mas ele necessita se ver pelo olhar do outro.
EVENTOS ORGANIZACIONAIS RAROS: O QUE SÃO E COMO INVESTIGÁ-LOS?
Authors: SILVA ANDRÉ LUIS , DUARTE MÁRCIA DE FREITAS , PLUTARCO FLÁVIA
Published: April 2015

Eventos raros formam uma corrente de investigação relativamente negligenciada no contexto organizacional, seja por razões conceituais e/ou metodológicas. Neste artigo, apresentamos uma definição para a expressão eventos raros, quando em contexto organizacional, e uma estratégia de pesquisa para investigá-los. Utilizamos os aspectos inusitados que emergiram dos resultados de uma coleta de dados realizada no último dia de funcionamento do Cine Belas Artes (CBA) de São Paulo, o qual foi obrigado a deixar o imóvel que ocupava desde sua inauguração em 19431. Por meio de uma pesquisa exploratória qualitativa, concluímos que um evento organizacional raro é um acontecimento de caráter histórico, que gera propagação em mídia e mobilização social em face de sua relevância emocional para as pessoas envolvidas na situação. Por essa definição, emergiram três perguntas norteadoras que formam uma estratégia de pesquisa para investigar eventos dessa natureza. Na dimensão teórica, esta pesquisa nos dá condições de compreender que, embora um evento acidental possa ser raro, isso não indica que todos os eventos raros são per se acidentais, já que a imprevisibilidade inerente aos aspectos que distinguem os acidentes não necessariamente caracteriza eventos raros. Quanto à prática da pesquisa, chama-se a atenção para os múltiplos aspectos envolvidos na configuração de um evento organizacional raro, o qual se revelou como um fenômeno complexo, cuja origem e assimilação de sua raridade podem assumir formas variadas. Diante desse achado de pesquisa, este estudo procura ressaltar que a abordagem de pesquisa a eventos não usuais não admite escolhas metodológicas e compreensões simplistas por parte dos pesquisadores. Acima de tudo, faz-se necessário compreender que os eventos organizacionais raros criam o desafio, tanto para as organizações como para os pesquisadores que os investigam, de encontrar maneiras alternativas para apreender a natureza e peculiaridades desses eventos, mesmo que os resultados obtidos estejam contingentes a um determinado contexto, tempo e situação.
In-hospital mortality risk factors in patients with ascites due to cirrhosis
Authors: Vicco Miguel Hernan , Rodeles Luz , Ferini Franco , Long Ana Karina , Musacchio Héctor Mario
Published: April 2015

Introduction: ascites is one of the most common complications of cirrhosis associated with a high rate of mortality. Although several scores have been developed in order to assess the prognosis of the disease, they were designed for predicting liver transplantation requirements and mortality in the short term, but not while in hospital. The aim of this study was to weigh risk factors for in-hospital mortality in adult patients with ascites due to alcoholic cirrhosis. Material and methods: we performed a cross-sectional study in 180 adult patients with diagnosis of cirrhosis with portal hypertension associated with high alcohol intake. The diagnosis of cirrhosis was made by liver echography and portal hypertension was defined by clinical features plus serum-ascites albumin gradient. Sampled individuals were subjected to complete clinical examination. Child Pugh and the MELD scores were applied in all the patients. Results: nineteen patients died while in-hospital. Mortality was associated with increased levels of serum white blood cell, urea, creatinine, prolonged prothrombin time, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. We conducted a multiple binary logistic to predict in-hospital mortality which yielded that serum urea, creatinine and prothrombin time made a significant contribution to prediction with an OR 14 (95% CI 12.8 - 16.7 p = 0.03), 2 (95% CI 0.5 - 3.47, p = 0.04), and 2 (95% CI 1.03 - 2.31, p = 0.01) linearly-related. Conclusions: our results suggest that acute renal failure and prolonged prothrombin time are predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with portal hypertension due to alcoholic cirrhosis.
Estudos sobre a teoria histórico-cultural e suas implicações educacionais
Authors: Tunes Elizabeth
Published: April 2015

No presente texto são esboçados os fundamentos teóricos de um programa de pesquisa intitulado “Estudos sobre a teoria histórico-cultural e suas implicações educacionais”. Privilegia-se o eixo interpretativo ancorado na antropologia filosófica de Martin Buber por haver convergência de ideias entre ele e Vigotski, principalmente, no exame de questões do campo da educação. Para ambos estudiosos, a vida de relações é a fonte de humanização do homem; a educação é essencialmente diálogo e sua missão é nutrir possibilidades relacionais. Os estudos e pesquisas realizados no interior do referido programa visam ao exame crítico e à interpretação da teoria histórico-cultural, buscando-se compreender as suas principais formulações no momento inaugural, na União Soviética, bem como seus desdobramentos, na atualidade, em campos da educação ligados às artes, às ciências e às humanidades. São apresentados, ao final, resumos de estudos e pesquisas realizados no âmbito do programa, com o intuito de ilustrar o enfoque adotado.