bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measuring German Fathers’ Involvement in Childcare
Authors: Reimer Thordis
Published: September 2017

In fatherhood research, there is an ongoing question of how to measure fathers’ engagement in childcare. Recent studies mainly use (1) the amount of time spent on childcare and/or (2) the use of paid parental leave as core indicators of paternal involvement. To examine how these two indicators of fathers’ engagement have to be understood differently, this study juxtaposes the determinants of these indicators, also differentiating between absolute and relative (i.e., compared to their partner) measures. Four negative binomial regression models are conducted with German Socio-Economic Panel data on 712 fathers with a child born between 2007 and 2013. The results indicate that there are distinct relationships behind the four different measures of fathers’ engagement. Fathers’ absolute and relative time for childcare is mostly explained by other time-use measures and a couples’ employment participation. With regard to fathers’ parental leave use, the absolute rather than the relative measures might be more suitable to explain fathers’ constraints to take up parental leave that are aligned to their work situation.
A Novel Electronic Device for Measuring Urine Flow Rate: A Clinical Investigation
Authors: Goldman Aliza , Azran Hagar , Stern Tal , Grinstein Mor , Wilner Dafna
Published: September 2017

Objective:

Currently, most vital signs in the intensive care unit (ICU) are electronically monitored. However, clinical practice for urine output (UO) measurement, an important vital sign, usually requires manual recording of data that is subject to human errors. In this study, we assessed the ability of a novel electronic UO monitoring device to measure real-time hourly UO versus current clinical practice.

Design:

Patients were connected to the RenalSense Clarity RMS Sensor Kit with a sensor integrated within a standard sterile urinary catheter drainage tube to monitor urine flow in real time. The Clarity RMS Sensor Kit was modified to incorporate a standard urinometer (Unomedical) for the nursing staff to record UO as per their standard practice. The drainage bag was placed in a container on a scientific scale (Precisa BJ) to be used as the gold standard.

Interventions:

Nursing records for hourly UO were collected and compared with the electronically recorded UO. Sensor measurements and nursing staff manual records of UO were compared with the scale data.

Setting:

The study setting was the ICU of Hadassah Hospital, Jerusalem.

Patients:

Data from 23 patients with a urinary catheter were observed in this study.

Measurements and main results:

A total of 1046 hours of UO were recorded from 23 subjects. Compared with the scale data, the measurements of hourly urine flow measured with the RenalSense system were closer, had a better correlation, and narrower limits of agreement to gravimetrically determined values than the measurements obtained by the nurses. In addition, continuous monitoring of UO provided graphical display of response to repeated diuretic administration.

Conclusions:

An electronic device for recording UO has been shown to provide more reliable information of UO records and patient fluid status than current practice. Future applications of this device will provide valuable information to help set protocol goals such as decisions for timely fluid and diuretic administration and response.
Far right activism and electoral outcomes
Authors: Ellinas Antonis A , Lamprianou Iasonas
Published: September 2017

This article uses an original data set of 3262 party activities to examine how the local activism of a Greek far right party, the Golden Dawn, affected its electoral performance. Whereas most studies of activism focus on its intensity, this article examines how a neglected dimension, the consistency of activism, affects electoral outcomes. It also distinguishes between those activities local parties undertake indoors to communicate with activists and those organized outdoors to communicate with voters. Instead of gauging the efficacy of activism shortly prior to elections, the study measures the effects of activism from one election to the next. The article demonstrates that consistent outdoor activism is electorally competitive. The findings have implications for the study of local activism, especially that of really extreme parties, like the Golden Dawn.
Exploring youth political activism in the United Kingdom: What makes young people politically active in different organisations?
Authors: Rainsford Emily
Published: September 2017

This article challenges the current research on youth disengagement by asking what makes young people active in different political organisations. It applies the classic civic voluntarism model to explore which factors (skills, attitudes, mobilisation and motivations) best distinguish between young activists in political parties’ youth factions, the British Youth Council and the 2010 National Union of Students demonstrations. The results from multinomial logistic regression show that there are differences especially in the civic and political attitudes. The results also show that different organisations attract different kinds of young people, which can be used to (re-)engage young people in politics.
The expansion of early childhood development services and the need to reconceptualize evidence
Authors: Nilsen Ann Christin E
Published: September 2017

The provision of early childhood development services is expanding in developing countries. The rationale behind this expansion is rooted in developmental psychology, socio-economic and human rights narratives. However, there are some limitations to this rationale, which are in particular related to the implicit universalism it assumes. This article outlines how early childhood development interventions imply a policing of families and childhood, which calls for a stronger consideration of context. As a consequence, the scope of what counts as evidence in early childhood development research needs to be questioned. The article is a theoretical contribution to the discourse of what early childhood development ‘does’. A critical approach, addressing the ideals and values that are communicated in early childhood development programmes and how they relate to dominant parenting ideals and practices in the society in question, should be an integral part of the expansion of early childhood development in the global South in the future.
Tough Enough for the Job? How Masculinity Predicts Recruitment of City Council Members
Authors: Oliver Sarah , Conroy Meredith
Published: September 2017

Does an individual’s gender help to explain if he or she is more or less likely to be recruited to run for political office? While the effects of sex differences on the candidate emergence process have been studied extensively, the influence of masculinity and femininity is less understood. To uncover if gender influences whether an individual is recruited to run for political office, this article relies on data from an original survey of a nationally representative sample of city council members, with the primary independent variable, individuals’ self-identified masculinity, measured by the Personal Attributes Questionnaire (PAQ). Results show that those who identify as more masculine, whether male or female, are more likely to be recruited to run for elected office. This effect holds for a variety of types of recruitment, such as political elites and women’s organizations. The findings add an important dimension to the supply-side explanations for women’s underrepresentation.
Treatment Services in the Juvenile Justice System: Examining the Use and Funding of Services by Youth on Probation
Authors: White Clair
Published: September 2017

Youth enter the juvenile justice system with a variety of service needs, particularly for mental health problems. Research has examined the extent to which youth have mental health disorders, primarily among detained youth, and factors associated with treatment referrals, but little research has examined youth on probation and the actual use of services. Using data obtained from the Maricopa County Juvenile Probation Department from July 2012 through August 2014 ( N = 3,779), the current study examines (1) the factors associated with receiving treatment services while on probation and (2) the factors associated with receiving treatment services through different funding streams. Findings reveal that only about 25% of the sample of youth on probation received treatment services, suggesting the underservicing of youth. Consistent with prior research, there were also racial and ethnic disparities concerning treatment use, with Blacks and Latinos less likely to receive services. Additionally, certain characteristics of youth and their background influenced the funding source for treatment services. Implications for policy and research are discussed in light of these findings.
A Call for Gender-Inclusive Global Health Strategies
Authors: Rovito Michael J. , Leonard Brandon , Llamas Ramon , Leone James E. , Talton Walker , Fadich Ana , Baker Peter
Published: September 2017

The WHO’s “Global Strategy for Women’s, Children’s, and Adolescents’ Health 2016-2030” (GS-WCAH 2016-2030) is a comprehensive plan developed to improve the lives of women, children, and adolescents. Due to the success in the creation, ratification, and advocacy of the GS-WCAH 2016-2030, the clear health outcome disparities between males and females, and the general absence of male health from existing policies and sponsored programs, it is time now to develop a global strategy specifically drafted to improve the lives of men and boys. The following commentary provides three points for why a male-oriented program, like the GS-WCAH 2016-2030, should be created: (a) health outcomes disparities, (b) economic impact of poor male health, and (c) fathers’ role in promoting the health of women, children, and adolescents. Implications for how male health can be incorporated into future projects and priorities are provided, as well as advocacy for overall gender-inclusivity in regard to global public health efforts.
Men’s Mental Health Promotion Interventions: A Scoping Review
Authors: Seaton Cherisse L. , Bottorff Joan L. , Jones-Bricker Margaret , Oliffe John L. , DeLeenheer Damen , Medhurst Kerensa
Published: September 2017

There is an increasing need for mental health promotion strategies that effectively engage men. Although researchers have examined the effectiveness of diverse mental wellness interventions in male-dominated industries, and reviewed suicide prevention, early intervention, and health promotion interventions for boys and men, few have focused on sex-specific program effects. The purpose of this review was to (a) extend the previous reviews to examine the effectiveness of mental health promotion programs in males, and (b) evaluate the integration of gender-specific influences in the content and delivery of men’s mental health promotion programs. A search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and EMBASE databases for articles published between January 2006 and December 2016 was conducted. Findings from the 25 included studies indicated that a variety of strategies offered within (9 studies) and outside (16 studies) the workplace show promise for promoting men’s mental health. Although stress was a common area of focus (14 studies), the majority of studies targeted multiple outcomes, including some indicators of positive well-being such as self-efficacy, resilience, self-esteem, work performance, and happiness/quality of life. The majority of programs were offered to both men and women, and six studies explicitly integrated gender-related influences in male-specific programs in ways that recognized men’s interests and preferences.
Acceptability of the POWERPLAY Program: A Workplace Health Promotion Intervention for Men
Authors: Seaton Cherisse L. , Bottorff Joan L. , Oliffe John L. , Jones-Bricker Margaret , Caperchione Cristina M. , Johnson Steven T. , Sharp Paul
Published: September 2017

The workplace health promotion program, POWERPLAY, was developed, implemented, and comprehensively evaluated among men working in four male-dominated worksites in northern British Columbia, Canada. The purpose of this study was to explore the POWERPLAY program’s acceptability and gather recommendations for program refinement. The mixed-method study included end-of-program survey data collected from 103 male POWERPLAY program participants, interviews with workplace leads, and field notes recorded during program implementation. Data analyses involved descriptive statistics for quantitative data and inductive analysis of open-ended questions and qualitative data. Among participants, 70 (69%) reported being satisfied with the program, 51 (51%) perceived the program to be tailored for northern men, 56 (62%) believed the handouts provided useful information, and 75 (74%) would recommend this program to other men. The findings also highlight program implementation experiences with respect to employee engagement, feedback, and recommendations for future delivery. The POWERPLAY program provides an acceptable approach for health promotion that can serve as a model for advancing men’s health in other contexts.
Coordinated motion control of a dual-arm space robot with joint-limit avoidance and uncertain inertial parameters
Authors: Jiao Chunting , Liang Bin , Wang Xueqian , Song Jingyan , Zhang Bo
Published: September 2017

In this article, a new adaptive coordinated motion control approach is introduced for a dual-arm free-floating space robot. This adaptive algorithm is used for the post-capture of a large noncooperative target with joint-limit avoidance and uncertain dynamic parameters. To overcome the problem of dynamics coupling between the space base, its manipulators, and the target, we develop a dual-arm space robotic system. One arm is used to complete the capture task and the other is used to counteract the disturbance to the space base. In this case, a new coordinated motion control law is derived based on reaction null space control. An improved joint-limit avoidance algorithm is implemented for large noncooperative target capture; otherwise, a significant base disturbance may result if the joint-limit constraints are not explicitly considered. Based on momentum conservation, the linear regression form of the estimation problem is obtained, and we further identify the unknown inertial parameters of the target. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Primary health care decision making in pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease
Authors: Campbell-Crofts Sandra Joan , Roden Janet
Published: September 2017

Objectives

This qualitative descriptive study explored the primary health care decisions of a group of 12 Australians in Stages 3B to 5 with chronic kidney disease in the preservation of kidney health.

Methods

Questioning within the qualitative interviews focused on gaining an understanding of the participants’ perceptions of their kidney health and the decisions made as a consequence of their interaction within the Australian primary health care system.

Results

Participants were dependent on their General Practitioner to recognise their symptoms, make the correct diagnosis and authorise the correct referral for specialist nephrology care. Three pathways in this process were identified: ‘easy’; ‘difficult’ and ‘protracted’. Clinician failure to correctly attribute symptoms to chronic kidney disease influenced the ‘difficult’ pathway, while failure to adequately communicate kidney health status influenced the ‘protracted’ pathway. Use of the language of ‘recovery’, ‘stability’ and ‘protection’ held meaning to the participants in gaining an understanding of their kidney health.

Discussion

Identifying pathways to diagnosis and referral can raise awareness of the challenges kidney health consumers face in their participation within the primary health care arena. Using consumer meaningful language improves the capacity of these consumers to engage in their own primary health care agenda.
Improving the picking-and-placing of a ball using simple rules derived from reduced models of arm links and joints
Authors: Sanders David
Published: September 2017

This paper presents simple rules to improve the efficiency of picking-and-placing a ball. A simple model of an upper limb was created to examine the gross motions associated with picking-and-placing a ball in sports such as rugby and American football. The research used the Lagrange formulation for a simple representation of the major links and joints of the upper limb. From the simple models, two simple rules were extracted to improve the efficiency of picking-and-placing the ball. Results from testing the use of the rules with both a simple mechanical arm and with human players are presented. Analysis and testing suggested that applying the rules could increase the speed of the pick-and-place movement by up to 17.5%.
Investigation of the lamination of electrospun graphene-poly(vinyl alcohol) composite onto an electrode of bio-electro-Fenton microbial fuel cell
Authors: Wang Yi-Ta , Wang Yuan-Kuo
Published: September 2017

The bio-electron-Fenton system integrates microbial fuel cell and Fenton process into a single system to destroy the organic and bio-refractory contaminants in wastewater. Its performance is closely dependent on the sufficient electron supplement by the oxidation process in anode chamber and the reduction process in cathode chamber. This article presents a novel cathode of a bio-electron-Fenton system which can simultaneously achieve good electron supplement and the wastewater treatment in cathode chamber. The cathode consists of indium-tin-oxide conductive glass on which layers of graphene-poly(vinyl alcohol) composite are sprayed by electrospinning. The material characterization is verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The voltage, current, and power density of the system are verified by cyclic voltammetry. The wastewater treatment is verified by dye decolorization. With the addition ratio of 4 wt% graphene, the system achieves the optimal power density of 74.1 mW/m2, open-circuit voltage of 0.42 V, and the decolorization of reactive black 5 of 60.25%. By constant-resistance discharge testing within three-cycle, the system can stably supply a maximum voltage of 0.41 V or above. Hence, the proposed electrospun graphene-poly(vinyl alcohol) composite cathode electrode can not only improve the power-supply efficiency but also enhance the efficiency of wastewater treatment.
‘Don’t push me aside, Doctor’: Suicide attempters talk about their support needs, service delivery and suicide prevention in South Africa
Authors: Bantjes Jason
Published: September 2017

Few studies have explored the expressed support needs of suicide attempters in developing countries. Data, collected via in-depth interviews with suicide attempters admitted to a South African hospital, were analysed using thematic content analysis. Participants explicitly asked for integrated psycho-social services at a primary health care level and say they require assistance with alleviating psychiatric symptoms, establishing connectedness, interpersonal conflict and solving socio-economic problems. Findings highlight the importance for suicide prevention of (1) considering interpersonal and contextual socio-economic factors in addition to the psychiatric causes of suicidal behaviour; and (2) multilevel strategies, intersectoral collaboration and integrated person-centred primary health care.
Open and Closed Innovation and Enhanced Performance of SME Hospitals—A Conceptual Model
Authors: Ahmed Sahrish , Halim Hasliza Abdul , Ahmad Noor Hazlina
Published: September 2017

Small and medium hospitals account for 70 percent of private hospitals in India. They account for some 40 percent of the total number of beds and cater to both rural and urban populations. However, despite its prevalence, the performance of small private hospitals is sub-standard leading to many questions regarding the efficiency of its operations. Despite having operated for a long time, there is a dearth of literature regarding the performance of small and medium hospitals in India. Recent innovation practices like open innovation have been used successfully in small and medium enterprises in the manufacturing and service industries and are regarded as a useful tool for improving firm performance. However, after a thorough review of the literature, and upon considering the uniqueness of the medical care industry, the authors argue that closed innovation practices would also play an important role in improving the performance of small and medium hospitals. This research conceptualized a model based on principles of open and closed innovation that could be used to enhance the performance of small and medium hospitals.
Cosmetic Talc–Related Pulmonary Granulomatosis
Authors: Jasuja Sonia , Kuhn Brooks T. , Schivo Michael , Adams Jason Y.
Published: September 2017

Inhalation of cosmetic talc can lead to pulmonary foreign-body granulomatosis, though fewer than 10 cases of inhaled cosmetic talc–related pulmonary granulomatosis have been reported in adults. We report the case of a 64-year-old man with diffuse, bilateral pulmonary nodules and ground glass opacities associated with chronic inhalation of cosmetic talc. Transbronchial biopsy showed peribronchiolar foreign-body granulomas. After cessation of talc exposure, the patient demonstrated clinical and radiographic improvement without the use of corticosteroids. This case demonstrates that a conservative approach with cessation of exposure alone, without the use of corticosteroids, can be an effective therapy in cosmetic talc–related pulmonary granulomatosis.
Use of Rapamycin in a Patient With Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia: A Case Report
Authors: Upadhyay Shivani Y. , De Oliveira Satiro N. , Moore Theodore B.
Published: September 2017

The relapse rate for children with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) status post hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) approaches 50% within 5 years. Graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) is thought to play important role in the treatment of JMML. For this reason, careful management of immunosuppressive drugs after HSCT is crucial. This case report demonstrates that rapamycin and GVL represent a viable medical strategy for the management of pediatric patients with JMML who relapse following status post-HSCT.
ACL Injury Prevention Training Results in Modification of Hip and Knee Mechanics During a Drop-Landing Task
Authors: Pollard Christine D. , Sigward Susan M. , Powers Christopher M.
Published: September 2017

Background:

Injury prevention training has been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury; however, the underlying reason for the success of these training programs is unclear.

Purpose:

To investigate whether an ACL injury prevention program that has been shown to reduce the incidence of ACL injury alters sagittal plane hip and knee biomechanics during a drop-landing task.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Thirty female club soccer players (age range, 11-17 years) with no history of knee injury participated in this study. Kinematics and ground-reaction forces were collected while each participant performed a drop-landing task prior to and immediately after participation in a 12-week ACL injury prevention training program.

Results:

After ACL injury prevention training, participants demonstrated decreased knee extensor moments ( P = .03), increased energy absorption at the hip ( P = .04), decreased knee-to-hip extensor moment ratios ( P = .05), and decreased knee-to-hip energy absorption ratios ( P = .03).

Conclusion:

Participation in an ACL injury prevention training program decreased reliance on the knee extensor muscles and improved use of the hip extensor muscles, which may explain the protective effect of this type of training program on ACL injury.

Clinical Relevance:

Based on these findings, clinicians can better understand how ACL injury prevention training, such as the Prevent Injury and Enhance Performance (PEP) Program, may change movement behavior at both the hip and knee. Furthermore, the study findings may support the implementation of the PEP Program, or a similar program, for clinicians aiming to improve use of the hip in an effort to reduce knee loading and consequent injuries.
Livelihoods, Poverty and Development of Adivasis: Reflections from a Village in South India
Authors: Eswarappa Kasi
Published: September 2017

The terms ‘livelihoods’, ‘poverty’ and ‘development’ have different meanings in different societies and people. Development implies a better quality of life and enahancement of opportunities, and better access to assets and services to marginal communities: particularly the Adivasis, women and other marginalized communities. Developing its theoretical framework around the existing literature on the issues, this article argues that prevailing factional politics and apathy on the part of the governing agency are preventing the marginalized groups from adequately benefitting from the developmental interventions. Keeping in view the aforementioned argument, an empirical study was conducted in a tribal settlement in South India in order to understand the implications of different developmental interventions initiated both by the state and NGOs to improve the lives and livelihoods of marginalized groups. On the basis of this argument, this article has sought to raise policy questions pertinent to both the policymakers and practitioners on the efficacy of policies related to vulnerable groups.
How I treat patients with HIV-related hematological malignancies using hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Alvarnas Joseph C. , Zaia John A. , Forman Stephen J.
Published: September 2017

Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has now been shown to be safe and effective for selected HIV-infected patients with hematological malignancies. Autologous HCT is now the standard of care for patients with HIV-related lymphomas who otherwise meet standard transplant criteria. Limited data also support use of allogeneic HCT (alloHCT) in selected HIV-infected patients who meet standard transplant criteria. We recommend enrolling patients in clinical trials that offer access to CCR5Δ32 homozygous donors, if available. HIV-infected patients requiring HCT may also be considered for participation in trials evaluating the activity of gene-modified hematopoietic stem cells in conferring resistance to HIV infection. To be considered for HCT, patients must have HIV infection that is responsive to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Careful planning for the peri-HCT management of the cART can avoid risk of significant drug interactions and development of cART-resistant HIV. In general, we recommend against the use of boosted proteasome inhibitors and nonnucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors in the cART regimen, in favor of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and integrase inhibitors (without cobicistat). After HCT, patients must be closely monitored for development of opportunistic infections (OI), such as cytomegalovirus. Prevention of OI should include prophylactic and pre-emptive antimicrobials.
Recent developments in imaging the earth’s crust by deep seismic data beneath the eastern parts of the Pannonian Basin
Authors: Gúthy Tibor , Takács Ernő , Kovács Attila Csaba , Fancsik Tamás , Csabafi Róbert , Török István , Hegedűs Endre
Published: September 2017

The first multicoverage, low-frequency deep reflection surveys in the Pannonian Basin were initiated in the late 1980s and were focused to southeast Hungary, where hydrocarbon and geothermal reserves were known. Deep seismic profiles (Pannonian Geotraverse transects) were shot according to the standards of hydrocarbon exploration data acquisition parameters to get information from the deep crust and the upper mantle. At the turn of the millennium, the international CELEBRATION 2000 deep seismic survey provided a large-scale velocity model of the Pannonian Basin and its surroundings. The substantial coverage of the collected data set enabled carrying out a detailed 3D velocity tomography study in northeast Hungary. In recent years, deep reflection data recorded in southeast Hungary became available from the oil and gas industry and several regional profiles were reprocessed and interpreted, which intersect the Pannonian Geotraverse transects. Along those lines, amplitude-preserving data processing with prestack depth migration was used to integrate new information into the existing geologic model. We aimed to evaluate recent results obtained from previous and new deep reflection data as well as from the 3D velocity tomography implemented beneath the eastern part of the Pannonian Basin. The mapped crustal scale features were incorporated into the previous geologic model. The updated model may help us to gain a better understanding of the peculiar crustal characteristics of this part of the Pannonian Basin and also provide information for hydrocarbon and geothermal potential assessments.
Variation in salt-body interval velocities in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico: Keathley Canyon and Walker Ridge areas
Authors: Cornelius Sharon , Castagna John P.
Published: September 2017

Borehole measurements of salt-body P-wave interval velocities from 55 wells in the vicinity of the Keathley Canyon and Walker Ridge areas of the Gulf of Mexico vary from [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) to [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) with mean velocity of [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) and standard deviation of [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]). The velocities vary significantly with latitude. Five different interval velocity zones have been identified with each having specific associated mineralogies within a latitude range. In the midlatitude zones, sylvite, various clastics, and small traces of anhydrite and gypsum are found within the salt, yielding a salt interval velocity variation from 14,388 to [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text]). The salt interval velocity in the southern limits of the study area is higher than [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) and is associated with more gypsum. The northernmost wells are anhydrite rich and exhibit the highest velocities. The interval velocities are relatively uncorrelated and are insensitive to factors such as wellbore temperature, depth, and overburden pressure. Composite medium modeling of mixed salt-body mineralogies and multiple regression analysis indicate that compositional variation within the salt body can explain the observed velocity variations.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of factors that help or hinder treatment decision-making capacity in psychosis
Authors: Larkin Amanda , Hutton Paul
Published: September 2017

Background

The evidence on factors that may influence treatment decisional capacity (‘capacity’) in psychosis has yet to be comprehensively synthesised, which limits the development of effective strategies to improve or support it.

Aims

To determine the direction, magnitude and reliability of the relationship between capacity in psychosis and a range of clinical, demographic and treatment-related factors, thus providing a thorough synthesis of current knowledge.

Method

We conducted a systematic review, meta-analytical and narrative synthesis of factors that help or hinder treatment decision-making capacity in psychosis, assessing the direction, magnitude, significance and reliability of reported associations.

Results

We identified 23 relevant studies (n= 1823). Psychotic symptoms had small, moderate and strong associations with appreciation, understanding and reasoning respectively. Both verbal cognitive functioning and duration of education had small to moderate correlations with understanding and reasoning. Better capacity was also associated with better insight, better metacognitive ability, higher anxiety and lower perceived coercion. No linear relationship with depression was observed. Interventions linked to improved capacity over time were in-patient care, information simplification, shared decision-making and metacognitive training.

Conclusions

Although much is known about the role of symptoms and other clinical variables, effective and acceptable psychological interventions to support capacity in this group are lacking.
Global Challenges for Cancer Imaging
Authors: Schlemmer Heinz-Peter , Bittencourt Leonardo K. , D’Anastasi Melvin , Domingues Romeu , Khong Pek-Lan , Lockhat Zarina , Muellner Ada , Reiser Maximilian F. , Schilsky Richard L. , Hricak Hedvig
Published: September 2017

Imaging plays many essential roles in nearly all aspects of high-quality cancer care. However, challenges to the delivery of optimal cancer imaging in both developing and advanced countries are manifold. Developing countries typically face dramatic shortages of both imaging equipment and general radiologists, and efforts to improve cancer imaging in these countries are often complicated by poor infrastructure, cultural barriers, and other obstacles. In advanced countries, on the other hand, although imaging equipment and general radiologists are typically accessible, the complexity of oncologic imaging and the need for subspecialists in the field are largely unrecognized; as a result, training opportunities are lacking, and there is a shortage of radiologists with the necessary subspecialty expertise to provide optimal cancer care and participate in advanced clinical research. This article is intended to raise awareness of these challenges and catalyze further efforts to address them. Some promising strategies and ongoing efforts are reviewed, and some specific actions are proposed.
Initiative for Molecular Profiling and Advanced Cancer Therapy (IMPACT): An MD Anderson Precision Medicine Study
Authors: Tsimberidou Apostolia-Maria , Hong David S. , Ye Yang , Cartwright Carrie , Wheler Jennifer J. , Falchook Gerald S. , Naing Aung , Fu Siqing , Piha-Paul Sarina , Janku Filip , Meric-Bernstam Funda , Hwu Patrick , Kee Bryan , Kies Merrill S. , Broaddus Russell , Mendelsohn John , Hess Kenneth R. , Kurzrock Razelle
Published: September 2017

Purpose

Genomic profiling is increasingly used in the management of cancer. We have previously reported preliminary results of our precision medicine program. Here, we present response and survival outcomes for 637 additional patients who were referred for phase I trials and were treated with matched targeted therapy (MTT) when available.

Patients and Methods

Patients with advanced cancer who underwent tumor genomic analyses were treated with MTT when available.

Results

Overall, 1,179 (82.1%) of 1,436 patients had one or more alterations (median age, 59.7 years; men, 41.2%); 637 had one or more actionable aberrations and were treated with MTT (n = 390) or non-MTT (n = 247). Patients who were treated with MTT had higher rates of complete and partial response (11% v 5%; P = .0099), longer failure-free survival (FFS; 3.4 v 2.9 months; P = .0015), and longer overall survival (OS; 8.4 v 7.3 months; P = .041) than did unmatched patients. Two-month landmark analyses showed that, for MTT patients, FFS for responders versus nonresponders was 7.6 versus 4.3 months ( P < .001) and OS was 23.4 versus 8.5 months ( P < .001), whereas for non-MTT patients (responders v nonresponders), FFS was 6.6 versus 4.1 months ( P = .001) and OS was 15.2 versus 7.5 months ( P = .43). Patients with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway alterations matched to PI3K/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin axis inhibitors alone demonstrated outcomes comparable to unmatched patients.

Conclusion

Our results support the use of genomic matching. Subset analyses indicate that matching patients who harbor a PI3K and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway alteration to only a PI3K pathway inhibitor does not improve outcome. We have initiated IMPACT2, a randomized trial to compare treatment with and without genomic selection.
Structural insights into the interaction of the nuclear exosome helicase Mtr4 with the preribosomal protein Nop53
Authors: Falk Sebastian , Tants Jan-Niklas , Basquin Jerôme , Thoms Matthias , Hurt Ed , Sattler Michael , Conti Elena
Published: September 2017

The nuclear exosome and the associated RNA helicase Mtr4 participate in the processing of several ribonucleoprotein particles (RNP), including the maturation of the large ribosomal subunit (60S). S. cerevisiae Mtr4 interacts directly with Nop53, a ribosomal biogenesis factor present in late pre-60S particles containing precursors of the 5.8S rRNA. The Mtr4–Nop53 interaction plays a pivotal role in the maturation of the 5.8S rRNA, providing a physical link between the nuclear exosome and the pre-60S RNP. An analogous interaction between Mtr4 and another ribosome biogenesis factor, Utp18, directs the exosome to an earlier preribosomal particle. Nop53 and Utp18 contain a similar Mtr4-binding motif known as the arch-interacting motif (AIM). Here, we report the 3.2 Å resolution crystal structure of S. cerevisiae Mtr4 bound to the interacting region of Nop53, revealing how the KOW domain of the helicase recognizes the AIM sequence of Nop53 with a network of hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. The AIM-interacting residues are conserved in Mtr4 and are not present in the related cytoplasmic helicase Ski2, rationalizing the specificity and versatility of Mtr4 in the recognition of different AIM-containing proteins. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), we show that the KOW domain of Mtr4 can simultaneously bind an AIM-containing protein and a structured RNA at adjacent surfaces, suggesting how it can dock onto RNPs. The KOW domains of exosome-associated helicases thus appear to have evolved from the KOW domains of ribosomal proteins and to function as RNP-binding modules in the context of the nuclear exosome.
Risk Assessment of Total Coliform in X WTP’s Water Production Using Failure Mode And Effect Analysis Method
Authors: Amanda Bella Apriliani , Moesriati Atiek , Karnaningroem Nieke
Published: September 2017

The greatest risk of drinking water supply is a failure to provide safe drinking water for communities. Based on IPA Kedunguling testing report on March 2016 noted that sample exceeding the quality standart of Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI No 492/2010 for the total coliform quality standart. The presence of total coliforms indicating water contamination by pathogen means the water is not safe to consume. The disinfection process has an importance rule in pathogen inactivation. Disinfectant performance is influenced by temperature, pH, turbidity, and the presence of organic materials. One way to control the quality of water produced by using a risk management approach Failure Modes and Effect Analysis (FMEA) methods. The potential risks should be measured to determine causes of the problems and find the appropriate risk reduction. The risk assessment is using Risk Priority Number (RPN) scale as a basis prioritization of remedial action on issues. Based on identification and risk analysis using FMEA known that the greatest risk of failure is the stipulation of chlorine dose and organic substances (category of high risk level); residual chlorine (category of moderate risk level); turbidity and pH (very low risk level category). Improvement proposal that can be done to reduce total coliforms presence in IPA Kedunguling is by increasing residual chlorine to 0.6 mg/l, set a daily chlorine level, controlling DBPs forming by lowering the concentration of organic precursor using granular activated carbon (GAC) or aeration, by lowering the dose of disinfectant, set aside DBPs after the compound is formed using granular activated carbon (GAC), turbidity and pH monitoring, and regularly washing the filters
Analisa Metode Pengukuran Berat Badan Manusia Dengan Pengolahan Citra
Authors: Fauzi Hilman , Rahman Fadlur , Azhar Tauhid Nur , Ayudina Nasya , Dwiatmaja Ratri
Published: September 2017

Body weight is one of the most important parameters to determine the condition of a person's body. To find out information about the weight is generally done by using a measurement scales. However, there are several methods that can be done to determine a person's weight, one of which is by using image processing. Through this study, we tried to decipher the possibility of weight calculation using image processing with various mathematical approach based on a calculation of body surface area (BSA) and the volume of the ellipse for the human body. We process the image in the form of digital photos to generate information on the person's weight on the photo. Furthermore, we did investigate the possibility, calculation, and analysis of the accuracy of the system. To determine the performance of the system that we made, we did the comparison calculation results with body weight results of the scales. As a result, we conclude that the weight calculation method is feasible through image processing with various conditions and restrictions, it is confirmed by the results of the analysis and the accuracy of our calculation system is 95% at a distance of 470 cm between the camera and the object.
A multi technique study of a new lithium disilicate glass-ceramic spray-coated on ZrO2 substrate for dental restoration
Authors: Möncke Doris , Ehrt Roland , Palles Dimitrios , Efthimiopoulos Ilias , Kamitsos Efstratios I. , Johannes Martina
Published: September 2017

An alkali niobate-silicate veneer ceramic for ZrO
Simultaneous acquisition of 4D ultrasound and wireless electromagnetic tracking for in-vivo accuracy validation
Authors: Ipsen Svenja , Bruder Ralf , Worm Esben Schjødt , Hansen Rune , Poulsen Per Rugaard , Høyer Morten , Schweikard Achim
Published: September 2017

Ultrasound is being increasingly investigated for real-time target localization in image-guided interventions. Yet, in-vivo validation remains challenging due to the difficulty to obtain a reliable ground truth. For this purpose, real-time volumetric (4D) ultrasound imaging was performed simultaneously with electromagnetic localization of three wireless transponders implanted in the liver of a radiotherapy patient. 4D ultrasound and electromagnetic tracking were acquired at framerates of 12Hz and 8Hz, respectively, during free breathing over 8 min following treatment. The electromagnetic antenna was placed directly above and the ultrasound probe on the right side of the patient to visualize the liver transponders. It was possible to record 25.7 s of overlapping ultrasound and electromagnetic position data of one transponder. Good spatial alignment with 0.6 mm 3D root-mean-square error between both traces was achieved using a rigid landmark transform. However, data acquisition was impaired since the electromagnetic tracking highly influenced the ultrasound equipment and vice versa. High intensity noise streaks appeared in the ultrasound scan lines irrespective of the chosen frequency (1.7-3.3 MHz, 2/4 MHz harmonic). To allow for target visualization and tracking in the ultrasound volumes despite the artefacts, an online filter was designed where corrupted pixels in the newest ultrasound frame were replaced with non-corrupted pixels from preceding frames. Aside from these artefacts, the recorded electromagnetic tracking data was fragmented and only the transponder closest to the antenna could be detected over a limited period of six consecutive breathing cycles. This problem was most likely caused by interference from the metal holder of the ultrasound probe and was solved in a subsequent experiment using a 3D-printed non-metal probe fixation. Real-time wireless electromagnetic tracking was compared with 4D ultrasound imaging in-vivo for the first time. For stable tracking, large metal components need to be avoided during data acquisition and ultrasound filtering is required.
Bioprinting of three dimensional tumor models: a preliminary study using a low cost 3D printer
Authors: Polley Christian , Mau Robert , Lieberwirth Clemens , Stenzel Jan , Vollmar Brigitte , Seitz Hermann
Published: September 2017

The deep understanding of cancer and tumor genesis, as well as the development of new therapy strategies still remains one of the emerging challenges in modern medicine. To meet these challenges it seems to be absolutely necessary to overcome the drawbacks of the established 2D in vitro models. Especially the missing microenvironment of the tumor, which means the absence of stroma and immune cells, results in a missing cell-cell and cell-stroma interaction as well as disrupted functional communication pathways. Modern 3D culture systems and 3D printing or rather bioprinting technologies attempt to solve this issue and aim to closely mimic natural tumor microenvironment. In this preliminary work we are going to present the first steps of establishing an artificial 3D tumor model utilising a low cost 3D printer. Therefore the printer had been modified with an open-source syringe pump to become a functional bioprinter using viscosity modulated alginate hydrogel. In the first attempts L929 mouse fibroblasts, which are an integral component of natural stroma, had been incorporated into the hydrogel matrix and printed into scaffolds. Subsequent to the printing process the scaffolds got ionically crosslinked with a 5% w/v aqueous solution of CaCl2 to become mechanically stable. After three days of cultivation viability testing had been performed by utilising FDG staining and PET CT to obtain a volumetric viability measurement. The viability imaging showed vital cells homogeneously distributed in the scaffold and therefore stands as an evidence for a working low cost bioprinting process and a successful first step for the development of an artificial 3D tumor model.
Treatment planning for MLC based robotic radiosurgery for brain metastases: plan comparison with circular fields and suggestions for planning strategies
Authors: Schmitt Daniela , El Shafie Rami , Klüter Sebastian , Arians Nathalie , Schubert Kai , Rieken Stefan , Debus Jürgen , Paul Angela
Published: September 2017

To evaluate the possible range of application of the new InCise2 MLC for the CyberKnife M6 system in brain radiosurgery, a plan comparison was made for 10 brain metastases sized between 1.5 and 9cm3 in 10 patients treated in a single fraction each. The target volumes consist of a PTV derived by expanding the GTV by 1mm and were chosen to have diversity in the cohort regarding regularity of shape, location and the structures needed to be blocked for beam transmission in the vicinity. For each case, two treatment plans were optimized: one using the MLC and one using the IRIS-collimator providing variable circular fields. Plan re-quirements were: dose prescription to the 70% isodose line (18 or 20Gy), 100% GTV coverage, ≥98% PTV coverage, undisturbed central high dose region (95% of maximum dose) and a conformity index as low as possible. Plan com-parison parameters were: conformity index (CI), high-dose gradient index (GIH), low-dose gradient index (GIL), total number of monitor units (MU) and expected treatment time (TT). For all cases, clinically acceptable plans could be gen-erated with the following results (mean±SD) for CI, GIH, GIL, MU and TT, respectively for the MLC plans: 1.09±0.03, 2.77±0.26, 2.61±0.08, 4514±830MU and 27±5min and for the IRIS plans: 1.05±0.01, 3.00±0.35, 2.46±0.08, 8557±1335MU and 42±7min. In summary, the MLC plans were on average less conformal and had a shallower dose gradient in the low dose region, but a steeper dose gradient in the high dose region. This is accompanied by a smaller vol-ume receiving 10Gy. A plan by plan comparison shows that usage of the MLC can spare about one half of the MUs and one third of treatment time. From these experiences and results suggestions for MLC planning strategy can be de-duced.