bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does free hospitalization insurance change health care consumption of the poor? Short-term evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Helmsmüller Simona , Landmann Andreas
Published: October 2021

We analyze short-term effects of free hospitalization insurance for the poorest quintile of the population in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. First, we exploit that eligibility is based on an exogenous poverty score threshold and apply a regression discontinuity design. Second, we exploit imperfect rollout and compare insured and uninsured households using propensity score matching. With both methods we fail to detect significant effects on the incidence of hospitalization. Whereas the program did not meaningfully increase the quantity of health care consumed, insured households more often choose private hospitals, indicating a shift towards higher perceived quality of care.
Stress analysis and experiment on a split-type ultra-high-pressure die for synthesizing diamond
Authors: Zhao Liang , Wu Nannan , Li Mingzhe , Liang Xiaobo , Gu Zhouzhi
Published: October 2021

In order to obtain a higher pressure-bearing capacity and a larger sample volume and prolong the life of the high-pressure die, a novel high-pressure die for synthesizing gem-grade diamond is investigated with the finite element method. This device is the split-type die, and the cylinder is a combined type. Furthermore, this paper studies the stress distribution of the split-type cylinder and compares it with that of the traditional belt-type die. According to the simulation results, the split-type cylinder has much smaller stress than that of the belt-type cylinder, and it can bear much higher pressure. Meanwhile, the experimental tests also show that the high-pressure die with a split cylinder has a stronger pressure-bearing capacity than the belt-type die. Apart from that, the split-type cylinder has a better performance in easy manufacturing, strong pressure-bearing capacity, and replaceable performance.
Micro telecom computing architecture.4-based beam position monitor electronics design for storage ring of Hefei advanced light facility
Authors: Liang Yu , Tang Leilei , Xie Chunjie , Lu Ping , Wu Fangfang , Sun Baogen , Wang Lin , Zhou Zeran
Published: October 2021

The Hefei Advanced Light Facility (HALF) is a fourth-generation vacuum ultraviolet and x-ray diffraction limit synchrotron radiation (DLSR) light source now under preliminary research. To achieve ultralow beam emittance and small beam size, the orbit of the beam in the DLSR storage ring should meet the stability requirement at submicrometer scale. The beam position monitor (BPM) electronics measures the orbit and is hence an essential part of the beam orbit control system. In this article, we design a BPM electronics based on the MicroTCA.4 (Micro Telecom Computing Architecture) standards platform, which consists of a MicroTCA.4 module (including a chassis, a power supply, and a digital board), a customized RF front end module, and a frequency synthesizer. In-phase and quadrature sampling and digital signal processing algorithms are implemented to obtain turn-by-turn data, fast acquisition data at a 10 kHz rate, and slow acquisition data at a 10 Hz rate. To evaluate the performance and function of BPM electronics, we conducted offline tests in the laboratory and beam tests based on the storage ring of Hefei Light Source II (HLS II), a light source similar to the HALF as an alternative. Test results indicate that the performance of MicroTCA.4-based BPM electronics can meet the requirements of the HALF storage ring.
Imaging Cu2+ binding to charged phospholipid membranes by high-throughput second harmonic wide-field microscopy
Authors: Lee Seonwoo , Roesel David , Roke Sylvie
Published: October 2021

The interaction of divalent copper ions (Cu2+) with cell membranes is crucial for a variety of physiological processes of cells, such as hormone synthesis and cellular energy production. These interactions would not be possible without membrane hydration. However, the role of water has not received a lot of attention in membrane studies. Here, we use high-throughput wide-field second harmonic (SH) microscopy to study the interaction between Cu2+ and hydrated freestanding Montal–Müller lipid membranes. The symmetric lipid membranes are composed of 1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and either 1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate or 1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho L-serine and are brought into contact with divalent Cu2+, which are added to one leaflet while maintaining the ionic strength balance. We observe transient domains of high SH intensity. In these areas, Cu2+ ions bind to the charged head groups, leading to charge neutralization on one side of the membrane. This exposes the ordered water at the non-interacting side of the membrane interface, which can be used to compute the interfacial membrane potential difference. We find that the domains of lipids with phosphatidic acid head groups display a higher interfacial membrane potential than those with phosphatidylserine head groups, which converts into higher dynamic electrostatic free energies and binding constants.
Dimensional stability of a metastable FCC high entropy alloy
Authors: Lin Chun-Lin , Chen Tso-Wei , Chang Yao-Jen , Murakami Hideyuki , Mitani Seiji , Yeh An-Chou
Published: October 2021

In this work, a metastable face-centered cubic High Entropy Alloy (HEA) Fe35.0Co28.7Ni24.8Cr1.1Al1.3V4.5Ti1.2Nb2.8Si0.6 was found to exhibit significantly suppressed thermal expansion coefficient (6.0 ppm/K) and stable Young's modulus over a wide temperature range. Experimental and theoretical analyses suggest that both Invar and Elinvar effects were present; in addition, the metastability of this alloy with respect to the first-order phase transition and the magnetic second-order phase transition led to abrupt changes in thermal expansion behavior. The first-order phase transition was associated with the formation of a plate-like D019 phase. The magnetic second-order phase transition decreased the Invar effect and the Elinvar effect and resulted in a significant magnetic entropy difference (−3.12 J kg−1 K−1) in this HEA of interest.
Cryo spectroscopy of N2 on cationic iron clusters
Authors: Straßner Annika , Wiehn Christopher , Klein Matthias P. , Fries Daniela V. , Dillinger Sebastian , Mohrbach Jennifer , Prosenc Marc H. , Armentrout P. B. , Niedner-Schatteburg Gereon
Published: October 2021

Infrared photodissociation (IR-PD) spectra of iron cluster dinitrogen adsorbate complexes [Fen(N2)m]+ for n = 8–20 reveal slightly redshifted IR active bands in the region of 2200–2340 cm−1. These bands mostly relate to stretching vibrations of end-on coordinated N2 chromophores, a μ1,end end-on binding motif. Density Functional Theory (DFT) modeling and detailed analysis of n = 13 complexes are consistent with an icosahedral Fe13+ core structure. The first adsorbate shell closure at (n,m) = (13,12)—as recognized by the accompanying paper on the kinetics of N2 uptake by cationic iron clusters—comes with extensive IR-PD band broadening resulting from enhanced couplings among adjacent N2 adsorbates. DFT modeling predicts spin quenching by N2 adsorption as evidenced by the shift of the computed spin minima among possible spin states (spin valleys). The IR-PD spectrum of (17,1) surprisingly reveals an absence of any structure but efficient non-resonant fragmentation, which might indicate some weakly bound (roaming) N2 adsorbate. The multiple and broad bands of (17,m) for all other cases than (17,1) and (17,7) indicate a high degree of variation in N2 binding motifs and couplings. In contrast, the (17,7) spectrum of six sharp bands suggests pairwise equivalent N2 adsorbates. The IR-PD spectra of (18,m) reveal additional features in the 2120–2200 cm−1 region, which we associate with a μ1,side side-on motif. Some additional features in the (18,m) spectra at high N2 loads indicate a μ1,tilt tilted end-on adsorption motif.
On-chip unidirectional micro-nano-light sources based on multi-mode cesium lead halide perovskite nanowires
Authors: Wang Yilin , Jiang Ping , Liang Kun , Yu Li
Published: October 2021

Unidirectional micro-nano-light sources have been widely applied in integrated photonics and optoelectronic devices. In this study, on-chip all-inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite nanowires are employed and excited as a bright light source to generate unidirectional light. Here, we directly image the angular emission patterns of perovskite nanowires by using fluorescence Fourier microscopy. The extinction ratio for the unidirectional emission is achieved up to 11 dB, and the detected minimum polar divergence angle reaches 8.6° in experiments. The emission direction also can be tuned flexibly within the range of 48° by changing the upper surrounding medium. Detailed calculations based on multi-mode expansion theory are used to reveal the inner physical mechanisms. Further analysis of the far-field emission patterns corresponds well with the experiment results. Our works investigating the perovskite nanowire light source emission from the perspective of Fourier space have potential applications in photon-detection and integrated photonics chips.
Computational study on the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus through aerosol in an elevator cabin: Effect of the ventilation system
Authors: Peng N. N. , Chow K. W. , Liu C. H.
Published: October 2021

Aerosol transmission is now well-established as a route in the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Factors influencing the transport of virus-laden particles in an elevator cabin are investigated computationally and include human respiratory events, locations of the infected person(s), and the ventilation system (ventilation mode, ventilation capacity, and vent schemes). “Breath,” “cough,” and “sneeze” are defined quantitatively by the fluid jet velocities and particle sizes. For natural ventilation, most particles exhaled by sneezing and coughing tend to deposit on surfaces quickly, but aerosol generated by breathing will remain suspended in the air longer. For forced ventilation, motions of particles under different ventilation capacities are compared. Larger particles otherwise deposited readily on solid surfaces may be slowed down by airflow. Air currents also accelerate the motions of smaller particles, facilitating the subsequent deposition of micrometer or sub-micrometer particles. Locations of the infected person(s) lead to different spreading scenarios due to the distinctive motions of the particles generated by the various respiratory events. Sneeze particles will likely contaminate the person in front of the infected passenger only. Cough particles will increase the risk of all the people around the injector. Breath particles tend to spread throughout the confined environment. An optimized vent scheme is introduced and can reduce particles suspended in the air by up to 80% as compared with commonly used schemes. The purification function of this vent model is robust to various positions of the infected passenger.
Effects of rotation on vorticity dynamics on a sphere with discrete exterior calculus
Authors: Jagad Pankaj , Samtaney Ravi
Published: October 2021

We investigate incompressible, inviscid vorticity dynamics on a rotating unit sphere using a discrete exterior calculus scheme. For a prescribed initial vorticity distribution, we vary the rotation rate of the sphere from zero [non-rotating case, which corresponds to infinite Rossby number (Ro)] to 320 (which corresponds to Ro = 1.30×10−3) and investigate the evolution with time of the vorticity field. For the non-rotating case, the vortices evolve into thin filaments due to so-called forward/direct enstrophy cascade. The energy cascades to the larger scales due to the inverse energy cascade, and at late times, an oscillating quadrupolar vortical field emerges. Rotation diminishes the forward cascade of enstrophy (and hence the inverse cascade of energy) and tends to align the vortical structures in the azimuthal/zonal direction. Our investigation reveals that, for the initial vorticity field comprising intermediate-wavenumber spherical harmonics, the zonalization of the vortical structures is not monotonic with ever decreasing Rossby numbers, and the structures revert back to a non-zonal state below a certain Rossby number. On the other hand, for the initial vorticity field comprising intermediate to large-wavenumber spherical harmonics, the zonalization is monotonic with decreasing Rossby number. Although rotation diminishes the forward cascade of enstrophy, it does not completely cease/arrest the cascade for the parameter values employed in the present work.
Carbon arc for nanoparticle production: Ablation rate calculation. Comparison to experiments
Authors: Nemchinsky Valerian
Published: October 2021

A graphite anode ablates in an arc system producing nanoparticles. Experiments show that the ablation rate increases sharply when the current density at the anode exceeds some critical value, which separates the low ablation and high ablation modes. According to the existing hypotheses, the high ablation mode takes place when the anode voltage drop, which is negative in the low ablation mode, turns positive. Based on the work of Nemchinsky [J. Appl. Phys. 130, 103304 (2021)], where the anode voltage drop was evaluated, in this paper, the thermal regime of the anode is considered. It is shown that the main heating mechanism is electron condensation on the anode. The main cooling mechanism is radiation in the low ablation mode and cooling by sublimation in the high ablation mode. In the last case, the energy necessary to compensate for the strong cooling effect of sublimation is delivered by electrons accelerated at the positive anode drop inside the anode sheath. The proposed model allows one to find the ablation rate for a wide range of arc currents and anode diameters. Comparison to the available experimental data shows reasonable agreement. Based on analysis of the experiments and calculations, it was hypothesized that the ablation rate is not sensitive to the presence of a catalyst.
Majority of US urban natural gas emissions unaccounted for in inventories
Authors: Sargent Maryann R. , Floerchinger Cody , McKain Kathryn , Budney John , Gottlieb Elaine W. , Hutyra Lucy R. , Rudek Joseph , Wofsy Steven C.
Published: October 2021

Significance

Methane emissions from distribution and end use of natural gas (NG) are not well known. We analyzed atmospheric methane measurements to quantify NG emissions in the Boston area over ∼8 y, finding NG emissions approximately three times larger than calculated by usage-based inventories. We observed no change in emissions over 8 y despite efforts from the state to address NG pipeline leaks. Seasonal emissions are directly related to consumption of NG, implying that sources other than pipelines, such as transmission and appliances, are important and may require future policy action. We estimate total supply chain losses of 3.3 to 4.7% for NG consumed in urban areas, which significantly increases the climate impacts of NG compared to Environmental Protection Agency estimates.
Introduction
Authors: Xie Chaoqun , Li Bingyun
Published: October 2021

Human beings are now living in social media, for various social media apps or platforms are becoming more and more indispensable to their everyday livelihood and social practice. In fact, social media users are dwelling in two life-worlds and living two lives, online and offline, shuttling back and forth between them. China, with nearly one billion internet users, has formed the world’s largest digital society, contributing to several questions that can be raised concerning the essence of Chinese social media. After presenting some basic statistics and facts about Chinese social media, this introduction, inspired by Bakhtin’s (1981a, 1981b) views on carnival and Heidegger’s (1966, 1977, 2002, 2010, 2012) thought-provoking insights into technology, explores the essence of Chinese social media as carnival, as revealing and concealing, and as positionality, with a view to questioning the essence of human-technology relations and to thinking how it is possible to stay both connected and disconnected in an interconnected life-world.
Mirror-like address practice in Arabic-medium classroom
interaction
Authors: Piippo Irina
Published: October 2021

This paper examines address inversion in classroom
interactions in Arabic. Address inversion, found in various
languages, is an address practice where the speaker addresses the
recipient with the same address term that the recipient would
normally use to call the speaker. Inverted address is a
denotationally incongruent, asymmetric address used by speakers who
claim cultural seniority. By analyzing the position of address
inversion in interaction (in turns, sequences, and activities) and
utilizing the notion of stance, this paper examines
the ways in which address inversion manages intersubjectivity by
constructing the shifting relationships between the participants in
classroom interaction. The data are classroom interactions video
recorded in Palestinian territories.
Decision-making in salesperson–customer interaction
Authors: Niemi Jarkko , Pullins Ellen , Kaski Timo
Published: October 2021

Decisions are often made in a two-part sequence,
consisting of a proposal by one party and an aligning response from
others. While this sequence is well established, less is known about
the preparatory work that may precede it. This chapter studies
decision-making in the context of complex service selling. It
demonstrates that and how salespeople and a prospective customer
collaboratively and incrementally establish a decision over a
multi-sequence course of action, in which a sequence implements a
stage and the next sequence implements a next step or outcome of the
prior stage. Thus, the chapter sheds light on how the groundwork for
a proposal is laid. The conversation analytic study is based on 17
video-recorded business-to-business sales meetings in Finland.
Co-presence during lapses
Authors: Vatanen Anna
Published: October 2021

This study examines video-recorded, naturally occurring
Finnish dyads focusing on lapses (inter-sequential silences). During
most lapses, participants undertake bodily activities or behaviors
(Hoey 2015). Adding to
previous work, this study describes “comfortable” silences where
participants share the moment with no bodily activities or mutual
gaze, inhabiting the silence with simple co-presence. The analysis
suggests that instead of the gathering/encounter dualism,
participant behavior in social situations is better described as a
continuum of orientations. Also during the “comfortable” silences,
understanding of behavioral involvements is intersubjectively
created and maintained. Thus, even outside of sequences that
allegedly create and maintain the “architecture of
intersubjectivity” (Heritage
1984), social organization is jointly negotiated and
achieved, most importantly by mutual monitoring and reciprocation of
(bodily) orientations.
Identification of bilingual children with Specific Language Impairment in France
Authors: de Almeida Laetitia , Ferré Sandrine , Morin Eléonore , Prévost Philippe , dos Santos Christophe , Tuller Laurie , Zebib Racha , Barthez Marie-Anne
Published: October 2021

We report on the usefulness of three LITMUS tools in distinguishing bilingual children with SLI (Bi-SLI) from bilingual children with typical development (Bi-TD), in France: LITMUS-QU-NWR-FR (non-word repetition), LITMUS-SR-FR (sentence repetition), and LITMUS-PABIQ (parental questionnaire). 82 bilingual children, aged 5–8, who had all been exposed to both French and either Arabic, Portuguese or Turkish, recruited both in ordinary schools and in SLP practices, were divided into Bi-TD (n = 61) and Bi-SLI (n = 21) groups based on parental questionnaire (LITMUS-PABIQ) information and standardized language scores in each language. Monolingual controls included 17 children with SLI and 37 TD children. NWR and SR significantly distinguished between the Bi-TD and the Bi-SLI children, and there was minimal impact of different factors related to bilingual development on children’s performance.
The influence of different first languages on LITMUS nonword-repetition and sentence repetition in second language French and second language German
Authors: Chilla Solveig , Hamann Cornelia , Prévost Philippe , Abed Ibrahim Lina , Ferré Sandrine , dos Santos Christophe , Zebib Racha , Tuller Laurice
Published: October 2021

The study investigates the appropriateness of the French and German LITMUS–Sentence Repetition (LITMUS–SR) and the LITMUS–Quasi–Universal–Nonword–Repetition task (LITMUS–QU–NWR) for the assessment of bilingual children with diverse language backgrounds. We examine the quantitative and qualitative performance of 117 bilingual typically developing children (BiTD), and 34 bilingual children with Specific Language Impairment (BiSLI) with Arabic, Portuguese and Turkish as their first language (L1). These data are compared to 47 monolingual typically developing children (MoTD). Given the typological and linguistic differences between the languages involved, the comparisons of the performance of bilingual and monolingual children in two typologically different L2s are intended to provide a baseline for typical L2 development and may shed light on morphosyntactic difficulties that are due to cross–linguistic influence.
Projection methods for high numerical aperture phase retrieval
Authors: Hieu Thao Nguyen , Soloviev Oleg , Luke Russell , Verhaegen Michel
Published: October 2021

We develop for the first time a mathematical framework in which the class of projection algorithms can be applied to high numerical aperture (NA) phase retrieval. Within this framework, we first analyze the basic steps of solving the high-NA phase retrieval problem by projection algorithms and establish the closed forms of all the relevant projection operators. We then study the geometry of the high-NA phase retrieval problem and the obtained results are subsequently used to establish convergence criteria of projection algorithms in the presence of noise. Making use of the vectorial point-spread-function (PSF) is, on the one hand, the key difference between this paper and the literature of phase retrieval mathematics which deals with the scalar PSF. The results of this paper, on the other hand, can be viewed as extensions of those concerning projection methods for low-NA phase retrieval. Importantly, the improved performance of projection methods over the other classes of phase retrieval algorithms in the low-NA setting now also becomes applicable to the high-NA case. This is demonstrated by the accompanying numerical results which show that available solution approaches for high-NA phase retrieval are outperformed by projection methods.
On-chip orbital angular momentum detection using a catenary grating metasurface
Authors: Chen Panpan , Chen Cong , Xi Jianxin , Du Xiang , Liang Li , Mi Jiajia , Shi Jianping
Published: October 2021

Vortex lights with optical orbital angular momentum have shown great promise in the areas of optical communication, optical manipulation and quantum optics. However, traditional methods for detecting the topological charge of vortex beams, such as interference and diffraction, are still challenging in miniaturization of the detection system and perfect matching of wave vectors. Here, a detection approach is proposed for measuring the topological charge of Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) vortex beams based on a catenary grating metasurface. According to the wave vector matching principle, the LG vortex beam can be coupled into surface plasmon polariton (SPP) waves propagating in different directions by using the well-designed catenary grating structure. The positive and negative topological charges can be distinguished by different arrangement of the catenary gratings. Additionally, the propagation angle of the launched SPP waves increases with the value of the topological charge. We believe that the proposed device would have broad application prospects in high compact photonic integrated circuits.
Electronic structure of molecular hydrogen in MoS2 nanopores
Authors: Kendjy Murilo , da Rosa Andréia L. , Frauenheim Th.
Published: October 2021

Atom controlled sub-nanometer MoS2 pores have been recently fabricated with promising applications, such gas sensing, hydrogen storage and DNA translocation. In this work we carried out first-principles calculations of hydrogen adsorption in tiny MoS2 nanopores. Some of the pores show metallic behaviour whereas others have a sizeable band gap. Whereas adsorption of molecular hydrogen on bare pores are dominated by physisorption, adsorption in the nanopores show chemisorption behaviour with high selectivity depending on the pore inner termination. Finally, we show that functionalization with copper atoms leads to does not improve dignificantly the adsorption energies of selected pores.
A universal and fast method to solve linear systems with correlated coefficients using weighted total least squares
Authors: Wurm Matthias
Published: October 2021

Especially in metrology and geodesy, but also in many other disciplines, the solution of overdetermined linear systems of the form

A
x

≈

b

with individual uncertainties not only in

b

but also in

A

is an important task. The problem is known in literature as weighted total least squares. In the most general case, correlations between the elements of

A

,

b

exist as well. The problem becomes more complicated and can—except for special cases—only be solved numerically. While the formulation of this problem and even its solution is straightforward, its implementation—when the focus is on reliability and computational costs—is not. In this paper, a robust, fast, and universal method for computing the solution of such linear systems as well as their covariance matrix is presented. The results were confirmed by applying the method to several special cases for which an analytical or numerical solution is available. If individual coefficients can be considered to be free of errors, this can be taken into account in a simple way. An implementation of the code in MATLAB is provided.
A 3D nano scale IGA for free vibration and buckling analyses of multi-directional FGM nanoshells
Authors: Cuong-Le Thanh , Nguyen Khuong D , Lee Jaehong , Rabczuk Timon , Nguyen-Xuan H
Published: October 2021

This article explores a three-dimensional solid isogeometric analysis (3D-IGA) approach based on a nonlocal elasticity theory to investigate size effects on natural frequency and critical buckling load for multi-directional functionally graded (FG) nanoshells. The multi-directional FG material uses a power law rule with three power exponent indexes concerning three parametric coordinates. Nanoshell’s geometries include the square plate, cylindrical and spherical panels with the side length considered in a nanoscale with various thickness ratios. Because 3D-IGA utilizes an approximation of NURBS basic functions to integrate from geometry modeling to discretized domain, it does not require any hypotheses for deformations distribution and stress component through the plate’s thickness. Therefore, the results from the 3D solution are obtained accurately with any thickness ratio of the shells. The numerical solutions are verified by those published in several pieces of literature to determine the current approach’s accuracy and reliability. After a convergence solution is examined, a quartic NURBS basic function can yield ultra-converged and high-accurate results with a low computational cost. The findings show the size effect parameters which significantly impact the frequencies and the critical buckling factors of the multi-directional FG nanoshells. Generally, increases in the size effect parameters will cause declines in the frequencies and the critical buckling factors of the nanoshells.
A variable stiffness morphing skin: preparation and properties
Authors: Ren Xiaoming , Zhu Guangming
Published: October 2021

In the course of flight, morphing skins play an important role in morphing aircrafts. Shape memory polymer (SMP) with variable stiffness performance is a good candidate material for skin. In this paper, a series of SMP morphing skins were prepared from hydro-epoxy resin, carboxyl-terminated butadiene acrylonitrile (CTBN) and maleic anhydride. By adjusting molecular weight and content of CTBN, in-plane properties and out-of-plane properties of morphing skins can be adjusted. Due to the in-plane tensile stress acting on the skin during flight, tensile test was carried out to study its in-plane performance. After testing, skin can resist maximum in-plane tensile strength of 63.7 MPa. As for the out-of-plane performance of the skin, shape memory test was studied in this paper. All morphing skins have 100% shape fixity rate (Rf) and fast shape recovery rate (Rr). When toughened by CTBN of 10% of 4000 molecular weight with a mass fraction, the skin can recover its out-of-plane deformed shape in 33 s. The SMP skins were proved to be a promising candidate for morphing skins.
Probing the Large-scale Structure of the Universe Through Gravitational Wave Observations
Authors: Shao Xiaoyun , Cao Zhoujian , Fan Xilong , Wu Shichao
Published: October 2021

The improvements in the sensitivity of the gravitational wave (GW) network enable the detection of several large redshift GW sources by third-generation GW detectors. These advancements provide an independent method to probe the large-scale structure of the universe by using the clustering of the binary black holes (BBHs). The black hole catalogs are complementary to the galaxy catalogs because of large redshifts of GW events, which may imply that BBHs are a better choice than galaxies to probe the large-scale structure of the universe and cosmic evolution over a large redshift range. To probe the large-scale structure, we used the sky position of the BBHs observed by third-generation GW detectors to calculate the angular correlation function and the bias factor of the population of BBHs. This method is also statistically significant as 5000 BBHs are simulated. Moreover, for the third-generation GW detectors, we found that the bias factor can be recovered to within 33% with an observational time of ten years. This method only depends on the GW source-location posteriors; hence, it can be an independent method to reveal the formation mechanisms and origin of the BBH mergers compared to the electromagnetic method.
Deep learning based surrogate models for first-principles global simulations of fusion plasmas
Authors: Dong G. , Wei X. , Bao J. , Brochard G. , Lin Z. , Tang W.
Published: October 2021

The accurate identification and control of plasma instabilities is important for successful fusion experiments. First-principle simulations that can provide physics-based instability information such as the mode structure are generally not fast enough for real-time applications. In this work, a workflow has been presented to develop deep-learning based surrogate models for the first-principle simulations using the gyrokinetic toroidal code (GTC). The trained surrogate models of GTC (SGTC) can be used as physics-based fast instability simulators that run on the order of milliseconds, which fits the requirement of the real-time plasma control system. We demonstrate the feasibility of this workflow by first creating a big database from GTC systematic linear global electromagnetic simulations of the current-driven kink instabilities in DIII-D plasmas, and then developing SGTC linear internal kink instability simulators through supervised training. SGTC linear internal kink simulators demonstrate predictive capabilities for the mode instability properties including the growth rate and mode structure.
Meaningful Learning of Work and Energy Materials Through Implementation of Basic Locomotor Movements in Basketball Games for High School Students
Authors: Sari E F N , Asmawi M , Dlis F , Susanti D , Siregar N M
Published: October 2021

It is necessary to bring up meaningful learning, especially on work and energy material. Meaningful learning can be achieved through direct experience. Physics learning can be integrated through sports and health physical education learning, so it is possible to bring up meaningful learning. So this study aims to determine the effect of meaningful learning on the material of work and energy through direct experience in basic locomotor movement activities in basketball games on Physical Education, Sports and Health subjects. This research method is a quasi-experimental design with a Post-test only Control Group Design. The average post-test scores for the experimental and control classes were 84.34 and 77.33, which means there is a difference between classes that learn through direct experience and conventional ones. The independent sample t-test results give the value of Sig. of 0.017 that inform there is a significant difference in students’ understanding of the concept of work and energy between classes that learn through direct experience with conventional ones. The interviews showed an average score of 89.06% of students indicated that they had experienced a meaningful learning process. So it can be concluded that meaningful learning in the learning process becomes the main focus that teachers should implement. Meaningful learning of the material of work and energy through direct experience in basic locomotor movement activities in basketball games in Physical Education, Sports and Health is proven to be better for student learning outcomes. In addition, through meaningful learning that has been done, it also informs that students become easier to understand the concept of the material through authentic experiences in everyday life.
The Effect of The Use of Harmonic Movement PhET Interactive Simulation in Online Learning Process on Mastering the Concept of High School Students
Authors: Sunaryo  , Rustana C E , Raihanati  , Khalifah S N , Sugihartono I
Published: October 2021

This research aimed to determine the effect of using the PhET Interactive Simulation in the online learning to the conceptual mastery ability of high school students. The method used in this research was an experimental method with the one group pretest posttest research design. The research sample was selected using purposive sampling technique from a population of the Science and Mathematics Group Students of Public High School (SMAN) 1, Jakarta. The research instrument used was an objective test of students’ mastery of concepts that had been tested for validity, reliability, difficulty level, and distinguishing power. Based on the results of data processing, the average of pretest and posttest scores were 47.42 and 73.55, respectively, and the N-gain of 0.51 with the medium category. The analysis result shown that count (10.909) was larger than table (2.042) which indicated that the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected and the alternative hypothesis (HA) was accepted. Meanwhile, the strength of the effect of using the PhET simulation in the Online Learning Process to Mastery the Concept of Harmonic Motion for High School Students on a numeric scale was categorized high with an effect size value of 1.79. Thus, it can be concluded that the PhET simulation can be applied to mastery of the physics concept of Harmonic Motion in the online learning process of high school students.
The Development of Virtual Laboratory Assisted by Flash and PhET to Support Distance Learning
Authors: Serevina V , Kirana D
Published: October 2021

This research aims to develop and produce a virtual laboratory, assisted by Adobe Flash and Pet simulation that is suitable for use as a learning resource and can help support physics practicum during the distance learning process on the fluid material for students of class XI in high school. The research method used is research and development method to ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). This virtual laboratory is made with the help of Adobe Flash applications and PhET simulations. Based on the results of needs analysis in several high schools in Jakarta and Bogor with total of 135 respondents, 69.6% of respondents stated that they did not do physics practicum during distance learning, 71.1% of respondents said they could better understand physics with virtual laboratory, 68.1% of respondents said they needed a virtual laboratory for fluid material, and 88.1% stated that virtual laboratory on fluid material practicum helped understand the material during distance learning. A feasibility test of virtual laboratory on fluid material practicum assisted by Adobe Flash and PhET simulation was validated by material and media experts using a validation test questionnaire. Then, trials were carried out by students and teachers of class XI in high school.
Project Based Learning (PjBL) Learning Model in Science Learning: Literature Review
Authors: Nurhidayah I J , Wibowo F C , Astra I M
Published: October 2021

The world of education today not only requires students to be experts in the cognitive realm, but is required to be able to achieve 21st century skills. Based on the analysis and synthesis of journals, the appropriate learning model to face the 21st century is the Project Based Learning (PjBL) learning model. The purpose of this article is to identify PjBL from the characteristics, effectiveness and implementation aspects of science learning. This structured review reviewed 20 articles on PjBL for science learning based on the available Scopus database reference from 2017 to 2021. The data obtained were analyzed using content analysis methods. The results showed that on average PjBL can be categorized as a learning model that can improve student learning outcomes in science learning and train students in problemving (critical thinking). The review reveals that PjBL has an influence on student learning, especially in science learning. From this article, it can be concluded and can be recommended three recommendations related to the essential success of PjBL in schools.
Performance Testing of Motorcycle Centrifugal Clutch Lining Made from Composite Wood Powder, Coconut Fibre, and Green Mussel Shell
Authors: Kholil A , Dwiyati S T , Riyadi  , Randika H P
Published: October 2021

This study aims to determine the performance of a motorcycle fitted with a CVT centrifugal clutch lining made from a composite of wood powder, coconut fiber and green clam shell powder with epoxy resin as a constituent matrix. The process of making clutch lining is carried out by mixing the composite constituent materials in the form of powder. The specimens were made in two variations where clutch B was 20% wood powder, 20% coconut fibre, 10% green shell powder. Clutch C was 10% wood powder, 30% coconut fiber, and 10% green shell powder. Genuine clutch A was tested by the same method as the comparison. Meanwhile, the performance testing of automatic motorcycle was carried out by a chassis dynamometer to determine power and torque on wheels. Clutch lining with natural composite materials from a mixture of wood powder, coconut fiber, and shell powder have a greater power and torque than the genuine clutch lining. The performance of clutch B is better than C because the composition of B has 10% more wood powder which cellulose that affects the characteristics of natural fiber composites.
Analyze The Strength of Ceramics Made from Clay, Sinabung Volcanic Ash and Sea Water in The Term of The Structure
Authors: Sembiring E , Bonardo D , Sembiring K , Sitorus Z
Published: October 2021

Ceramics made from clay, Mount Sinabung ash and sea water have been made using the die pressing method. Sinabung clay and ash were sieved through a 200 mesh sieve. Ceramics are printed with a mixture of clay, Sinabung mountain ash and sea water in a ratio of 10:0:0 gr; 10:9:1 gr; 10:8:2 gr; 10:7:3 gr; 10:6:4 grams; 10:5:5 g, etc. Ceramics are sintered with a sintering temperature of 1000 OC with a holding time of 3 hours. Ceramics are characterized by determining physical properties (shrinkage, porosity and density), mechanical properties (compressive strength), surface morphology and pore size (SEM) and XRD. The characterization results show that the optimum value occurs in a mixture of clay, Mount Sinabung ash and seawater at a mixed variation of 10:5:5 gr with a shrinkage value of 31.2%; porosity = 27.16%; density = 2. 09×103 kg/m3 %; compressive strength = 86.66 MPa. Surface morphology (SEM) showed that the optimum variation experienced agglomeration and significant unification of grains occurred and the structure formed was hexagonal with a crystal size of 45.44 nm.
Analysis of Lattice Constants and Error for The Hexagonal Crystal Structure of Silicon Dioxide Using The Cramer-Cohen Method
Authors: Kurniawati N , Wardani D A P , Hariyanto B , Har N P , Darmawan N , Irzaman
Published: October 2021

Has successfully analyzed the lattice constants and the error of the hexagonal crystal structure of silicon dioxide (SiO2) using the Cramer-Cohen method. The peak data for the silicon dioxide material used are secondary data from the ICDD. The Cramer-Cohen method calculations show that the lattice constants are relatively the same as the secondary data from the ICDD, with an average error analysis value of 0,001531805%. This shows that the analysis of the lattice constant and the error of the hexagonal crystal structure of silicon dioxide (SiO2) using the Cramer-Cohen method is very accurate.
Identification 2D Modelling of Subsurface Structure Geothermal Prospect Area by Gravity Method: Case Study in Tanuhi, South Kalimantan
Authors: Nafian M , Permana N R , Anjani A , Gunawan B , Sanjaya L A
Published: October 2021

Geothermal potential in Kalimantan is rare because the island does not have an active volcano. In addition, when viewed from the subsurface structure, Kalimantan Island is in medium-low enthalpy with hot sprung as one of the geothermal potentials, which are generally in the immature water zone. One of the areas is Tanuhi Hot Springs, South Kalimantan. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the geothermal system of the area using the gravity method. The gravity data processing stage produces the CBA value (Complete Bouguer Anomaly) which is then separated using the Butterworth filter method. Judging from the CBA map, the results of the qualitative interpretation show that the geothermal potential is in a low anomaly with a value of (-19.4 mgal) – (-14. 2 mgal) which is marked in the dark blue. While the results of the quantitative interpretation resulted in the cross-sectional modeling of SW-NE (Southwest – Northeast) and NW-SE (Northwest - Southeast) with a total of 3 layers. The layer consists of granite, clay, and sand mixed with granite. Both models are dominated by sand mixed with granite with the density value at cross-section SW-NE and cross-section NW-SE is the same, namely 2770 kg/m3.
Bayesian Theorem Application to Model Reservoir Facies Distribution on Deltaic Depositional Environment, Case Study of Browse Basin
Authors: Adeyosfi M M , Harris A
Published: October 2021

Successful Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir characterization always related with good understanding of geology and geophysics aspect. One of the fundamental issues is to get reliable parameter distribution and quantify the confidence level of the parameter model in 3D. The case study in this paper will be applied in Browse field that and the result will be a distribution model in 3D of facies and hydrocarbon fluid. The workflow that will be introduced in this paper is the combination between rock physics analysis, simultaneous seismic inversion and Bayesian estimation theorem. Rock physics analysis includes well log conditioning and correlation analysis between reservoir parameter (porosity, saturation, Vshale, etc) with seismic parameter (acoustic impedance, vp/vs, shear impedance, etc) to obtain facies classification in well log scale. The simultaneous seismic inversion method is used to obtain seismic parameter cube to be correlated with rock physics result to drive the facies distribution. Bayesian estimation theorem assembles initial knowledge about a model before observing the inversion attributes. The probability density function later will be used to drive the facies distribution combined with well log data and seismic data; and also estimate the confidence level distribution in 3D. The result can be used to identify new play in the Browse field.
Control of Environmental Pollution by Utilizing Wastes from Industry on Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Ispara Xavier S , Divahar R , Aravind Raj P S , Devi Saran M , Manohar Varsha , Sudhakaran Athul
Published: October 2021

Geo-polymer Concrete is mainly hardened cementitious paste made from fly-ash and alkali solution. It helps to combines waste product into useful product. In this the major point is to investigate the solidity parameters of GPC utilize varying proportions of fly-ash, GGBS & Silica fume in addition to alkali solution (Na-OH and Na2SiO3), which reduces demand of OPC which leads to the emission of CO2 to the environment and to produce a more durable infrastructure. With various advantages of these materials as studied in detail in this project, better strength parameters for Geo-polymer concrete are expected by using varying proportions of Fly-ash, GGBS, Silica-fume along with an alkali solution (NaOH and Na2SiO3) than conventional concrete. Thus, Geo-polymer concrete helps in the complete replacement of Portland cement and act as an environmentally friendly material by the reduction of CO2 emission to the society which leads to control the environmental pollution. It is expected that centralizing over needs & examining in a way that includes a lot of careful detail in this area will help to materialize flue-ash based GPC as a trading & non-polluting material also set the seal on the sustainability of construction.
Smart Battery Management System Using LiFePO4 Battery for Offline UPS
Authors: Anandh B A , Shankar Ganesh A , Sakthivel R , MaheshKumar D , Prem Kumar E
Published: October 2021

Power integrated circuits (ICs) have developed solutions for charging systems and power management system for battery powered devices. The main purpose of a battery management system comprises handling the charging cycle to limit the charging time without focusing on the battery. It also monitors the present status of the battery and reports the fault conditions if any malfunction or error occurs. This system is based on a smart LiFePO4 battery for offline UPS, which is used to power up a home AC application with 230VAC/50Hz. The main reason to select the LiFePO4 battery life cycle, it is made up of non-toxic material and this battery is not overheated or catches fire in case of overcharging or overload. In this system, the Arduino UNO microcontroller is used and it takes care of the parameters like battery charging voltage, charging current, and high voltage cutoff at backup mode. It also monitors the battery voltage, battery current, low voltage cutoff, and overload protection at inverter mode.