bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENERAPAN PELAYANAN KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT MISKIN YANG IDEAL DALAM PELAYANAN KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT MISKIN MELALUI PROGRAM JAMKESMAS
Authors: Sudjadi Anthony , Widanti Agnes , Sarwo Y. Budi , Sobandi Handy
Published: February 2018

Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 Pasal 28H dan UU Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 tentang kesehatan, menetapkan bahwa setiap orang berhak mendapatkan pelayanan kesehatan. Jamkesmas adalah program bantuan sosial untuk pelayanan kesehatan bagi masyarakat miskin dan tidak mampu. Namun terdapat pembatasan dan pelayanan yang tidak ditanggung dalam program tersebut yang berdampak warga miskin menjadi rentan terhadap berbagai macam penyakitBerdasarkan uraian tersebut, maka dalam penelitian tesis ini dirumuskan beberapa perumusan masalah, yaitu Apakah yang dimaksud dengan kriteria pelayanan kesehatan yang ideal? dan Apakah yang dimaksud dengan program Jamkesmas dan isi program tersebut?, serta Apakah program Jamkesmas tersebut menyebabkan dilanggarnya hak masyarakat untuk mendapat upaya kesehatan yang ideal?. Penelitian tesis ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran mengenai hubungan antara pelayanan kesehatan masyarakat miskin melalui program Jamkesmas dan pelayanan kesehatan kepada masyarakat miskin yang ideal, dengan metode penelitian pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan cara berpikir deduktif dan spesifikasi penelitian deskriptif analitis, serta metode analisis data kualitatif normatif.Kriteria upaya kesehatan yang ideal berdasarkan UU kesehatan nomor 36 tahun 2008 pasal 47 adalah meliputi perlindungan di bidang promotif, prefentif, kuratif, dan rehabilitative.Terdapat pembatasan-pembatasan dalam pelayanan dari program Jamkesmas berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 125/Menkes/SK/II/2008 seperti pembatasan biaya kaca mata, alat bantu dengar, tongkat/alat bantu berjalan bagi mereka yang lumpuh, selain itu program jamkesmas tidak meliputi bidang promotif dan preventif serta terdapat pembatasan pelayanan di bidang kuratif dan rehabilitatif.Berdasarkan analisis hubungan antara kriteria upaya kesehatan yang ideal berdasarkan UU Kesehatan nomor 36 tahun 2009 pasal 47 dan isi dari program Jamkesmas maka menyebabkan dilanggarnya hak masyarakat miskin untuk hidup sehat.
TINJAUAN YURIDIS SERTIFIKAT KESEHATAN SEBAGAI PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI PENERBANG SIPIL DI INDONESIA
Authors: Tumbelaka Benny Hosiana , Widanti Agnes , Murni Tri Wahyu
Published: February 2018

Penelitian ini meninjau secara yuridis akan keabsahan Sertifikat Kesehatan Penerbangan Sipil di Indonesia dalam kurun waktu, sejak diterbitkan sampai habis masa berlakunya.Metode pendekatan yang dipergunakan adalah metode pendekatan yuridis normatif berdasarkan Undang Undang RI nomor 1 tahun 2009 tentang Penerbangan, dan Peraturan Pemerintah RI nomor 3 tahun 2001 tentang keamanan dan keselamatan Penerbangan beserta beserta Peraturan Pelaksanaan dari perundang undangan tersebut.Hasil penelitian ini, bahwa regulasi bidang Keselamatan penerbangan yang berlaku di Indonesia tentang fungsi pengawasan memperoleh Sertifikat Kesehatan, khususnya pada Penerbang Sipil Airline Transport Pilot (Sertifikat Kesehatan kelas satu), telah sesuai dengan standar ICAO, yaitu Keputusan Direktur Jendral Perhubungan Udara Nomor: SKEP/62/V/2004 tentang Sertifikat Kesehatan Personil Penerbangan. Didapatkan juga bahwa langkah yang diambil agar Sertifikat Kesehatan Penerbang Sipil di Indonesia yang berlaku 6 bulan ke depan, belum ada, baik aturannya, mekanismenya bahkan SDM belum memadai secara kualitas dan kuantitas. Sehingga sertifikat tersebut belum dapat terjaga keabsahannya. Sedangkan Penerbang yang mendapatkan medical flexibility perlu dilindungi statusnya dengan Surat keputusan Menteri bagi Tim penilai kesehatan (Medical Asessor) dan Tim Pakar kesehatan Penerbangan (Aeromedical Consultation Service) yang merekomendasi kasus ini. Penerbang tersebut selain mengisi checklist, ia dijadwalkan secara tetap untuk memeriksakan kekurangannya dan melaporkan pada dokter penerbangan.Sebagai saran dalam penelitian ini agar diusulkan kepada Menteri Perhubungan melalui Dirjen Perhubungan Udara beberapa hal, yaitu untuk mengeluarkan keputusan tentang tata kerja menjamin keabsahan Sertifikat Kesehatan Penerbang Sipil di Indonesia. Mengusulkan penambahan personil fungsional pada Pusat Kesehatan Penerbangan Sipil sehingga dapat melaksanakan tugas dan fungsinya sesuai Keputusan Menhub no. SK 38/OT 002/Phb.83 tentang organisasi dan tata kerja Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan Dirjen Perhubungan Udara. Dan agar setiap operator penerbangan harus mempunyai dokter penerbangan untuk menerima pendelegasian wewenang dalam pengawasan Penerbang di lapangan termasuk kasus medical flexibility. Mengusulkan agar menerbitkan Surat Keputusan Menteri untuk jabatan Medical Asessor, dan Aeromedical Consultation Service, yang berisi fungsi dan wewenangnya serta pengawakannya agar Penerbang yang mendapatkan medical flexibility terlindungi statusnya.
TANGGUNGJAWAB BIDAN TERKAIT KEGAGALAN DALAM PEMASANGAN ALAT KONTRASEPSI DALAM RAHIM DITINJAU DARI SEGI HUKUM PERDATA
Authors: Sumiati Betty , Fristikawati Yanti , Susiarno Hadi
Published: February 2018

Ketentuan hak dan tanggung jawab profesi disusun oleh IBI menjadi sebuah kode etik Bidan yang harus ditaati oleh seluruh Bidan di Indonesia tanpa terkecuali.begitu juga dengan standar pelayanan dan standar praktik yang ditetapkan oleh kompetensi Bidan dan Kepmenkes Tentang Standar Profesi,. Peraturan Menteri Nomor 1464 Tahun 2010 Tentang Izin dan Penyelenggaraan Praktik Bidan.Kasus kegagalan kontrasepsi khususnya AKDR memang sudah banyak terjadi dimanapun dan kapanpun. berbagai kemungkinan terhadap bahaya kegagalan yang di alami dengan pasien merupakan salah satu efek dari kb. Meskipun hingga saat ini belum ada tuntutan baik pidana maupun perdata terhadap petugas kesehatan, dan Setiap orang berhak menuntut ganti rugi terhadap tenaga kesehatan,karena kesalahan atau kelalaian dalam pelayanan kesehatan yang diterimanya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum dengan metode pendekatan yuridis normatif dan spesifikasi deskriptif analitis. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder dibidang hukum yang terdiri dari bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. dan Analisis terhadap data menggunakan metode normatif kualitatif.Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa ketentuan mengenai tenaga kesehatan berdasarkan atribusi Pasal 21 ayat (3) UU Kesehatan seharusnya diatur didalam Undang-Undang. Bidan sebagai salah satu tenaga kesehatan berdasarkan ketentuan tentang tenaga kesehatan yang ada saat ini telah memperoleh perlindungan hukum secara represif maupun preventif. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa Bidan tidak memiliki kedudukan hukum yang setara dengan profesinya, antara batas kewenangan dengan tanggung jawab yang dimiliki oleh Bidan. Sehingga berdasarkan hasil penelitian perlu adanya ketentuan dan kepastian hukum untuk tenaga kesehatan berupa Undang-Undang berikut dengan peraturan pelaksana lainnya yang sesuai. Serta perlu adanya Undang-Undang Kebidanan dan penyesuaian terhadap peraturan pelaksana pengelola yang mengatur tentang Bidan khususnya tentang standar profesi/kompetensi dalam mejalankan kewenangan dalam melaksanakan tugas profesinya
Editorial
Authors: Signitzer Benno
Published: February 2018

Editorial zu 4/1983
Editorial
Authors: Venus Theodor
Published: February 2018

Editorial zu 2/1984
Editorial
Authors: Hummel Roman
Published: February 2018

Editorial zu 1/1985
Şehir içi sinyalize kavşakların yeterliliğinin tasarım kriterleri puanlama yöntemi ile belirlenmesi
Authors: HATİPOĞLU Seda , OĞUZHAN Nuri Emre
Published: February 2018

Büyük kentler başta olmak üzere kentlerimizde, ulaşımın kilit noktaları olan kavşak alanlarında yaşanan zaman kayıpları ve kazalar, tüm karayolu kullanıcılarının yaşadığı olumsuzluklardır. Kavşaklardaki güvenlik eksiklikleri ve kapasite yetersizlikleri, ancak yapılacak olan düzenli ve etkin iyileştirme çalışmaları ile giderilebilecektir. Kavşak iyileştirme çalışmalarının yapılabilmesi için ilk önce kavşağın mevcut durumunun doğru ve eksiksiz olarak tespit edilmesi gereklidir. Konu ile ilgili literatür incelendiğinde, kavşak kapasitesini ya da bazı güvenlik parametrelerini tek tek inceleyen çalışmalar bulunmakla birlikte; kavşağın kapasitesini ve tüm güvenlik parametrelerini bir arada inceleyen herhangi bir çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Bu çalışmada; kent içi kavşaklarda, kavşak tasarımında yer alan parametrelerin bütününün, sayısal olarak değerlendirildiği ve yine sayısal olarak durumun ve eksikliklerin ortaya çıkarıldığı bir yöntem geliştirilmiş ve bu yöntem Ankara Kentinde seçilen üç kavşağa uygulanarak sonuçları değerlendirilmiştir. Yerel yönetimlerin görev kapsamına giren kent içi kavşak düzenlemeleri uygulamaları sırasında geliştirilen bu yöntemin kullanılmasının, iyileştirme çalışmaları için önemli bir veri tabanı oluşturacağı düşünülmektedir.
Surfactant Impurities Can Explain the Jones-Ray Effect
Authors: Duignan Timothy , Baer Marcel , Mundy Christopher
Published: February 2018

The surface tension of dilute salt water is a fundamental property that is crucial to understanding the complexity of many aqueous phase processes. Small ions are known to be repelled from the air-water surface leading to an increase in the surface tension in accordance with the Gibbs adsorption isotherm. The Jones-Ray effect refers to the observation that at extremely low salt concentration the surface tension decreases in apparent contradiction with thermodynamics. Determining the mechanism that is responsible for this Jones-Ray effect is important for theoretically predicting the distribution of ions near surfaces. Here we show that this surface tension decrease can be explained by surfactant impurities in water that create a substantial negative electrostatic potential at the air-water interface. This potential strongly attracts positive cations in water to the interface lowering the surface tension and thus explaining the signature of the Jones-Ray effect. At higher salt concentrations, this electrostatic potential is screened by the added salt reducing the magnitude of this effect. The effect of surface curvature on this behavior is also examined and the implications for unexplained bubble phenomena is discussed. This work suggests that the purity standards for water may be inadequate and that the interactions between ions with background impurities are important to incorporate into our understanding of the driving forces that give rise to the speciation of ions at interfaces.
Global and Local Reactivity Descriptors Based on Quadratic and Linear Energy Models for α,β-Unsaturated Organic Compounds
Authors: Oller Javier , Perez Patricia , Ayers Paul W. , Vöhringer-Martinez Esteban
Published: February 2018

Global and local descriptors of chemical reactivity can be derived from conceptual density functional theory. Their explicit form, however, depends on how the energy is defined as a function of the number of electrons. Within the existing interpolation models, here, the quadratic and the linear energy model were used to derive global descriptors as the electrophilicity and nucleophilicity (defined as the negative of the ionization potential) and local descriptors employing either the corresponding condensed fukui function in the linear model or the local response of the global descriptor in the quadratic model. The ability of these descriptors to predict the reactivity of molecules with more than one reactive site was first studied on a set of α ,β -unsaturated ketones, where experimental rate constants for the nucleophilic attack is known. With the validated descriptors the reactivity of α ,β -unsaturated carboxylic compounds with different heteroatoms as α ,β -unsaturated thioesters, esters and amides as alternative substrates for the enzymatic CO2 fixation studied experimentally by Erb et al. was addressed. The carbon dioxide fixation involves the reduction of the neutral α ,β -unsaturated carboxylic compounds by a nucleophilic attack of a hydride anion from NADPH and the following electrophilic attack by carbon dioxide. It was found that condensed values of the linear fukui function within the fragment of molecular response approximation describe best the reactivity of α ,β -unsaturated ketones. For the two relevant processes involved in CO2 fixation the amides present the largest reactivity in vacuum and in aqueous solution compared to the esters and thioesters and may, therefore, serve as alternative sustrates of carboxylases.
Prevalence and Occupational Factors Associated with Low Back Pain Among the Female Garment Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Ahmed
Published: February 2018

Background: Low Back Pain (LBP) is one of the common health problems among the garment workers that cause workers absenteeism from the work. The purpose of the study is to identify the association between occupational factors and LBP among the female garment workers in Bangladesh.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 487 female garment workers from three compliant garment factories of Bangladesh. Face-to-face interview on four different LBP measures along with questions on socio-demographic, occupational, and physical factors were used to collect the data.

Result: The prevalence rates for LBP lasts for at least one day during the last six months, chronic pain, intense pain, and seeking medical care for LBP were found 63.04%, 38.60%, 13.76%, and 18.89%, respectively among the female garments workers. The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicates that duration of employment (>5 years), regular weight bearing and extended weekly working hours (>48 hours) are positively associated with LBP. Besides, age, BMI, family income, marital status and number of children are also found positively associated with the LBP measures.

Conclusion: The prevalence of LBP among female garment workers in Bangladesh is found high. The duration of employment (>5 years), regular weight bearing and extended weekly working hours (>48 hours) play a significant role in developing LBP among the female workers. Factories need to consider training programs on the appropriate technique of weight bearing. It is also important to conduct regular screening programs to identify LBP, especially with married, overweight/obese and older age group to reduce the occurrence of LBP.
Comparison of some properties of 2,3- and 3,4-dimethoxybenzoates of Cu(II), Co(II) and Nd(III)
Authors: Ferenc Wieslawa , Czapla Katarzyna , Sarzyński Jan , Zwolinska Anna
Published: February 2018

The physicochemical properties of 2,4-, and 3,4-dimethoxybenzoates of Cu(II), Co(II) and Nd(III) were studied and compared to observe the -OCH3 substituent positions in benzene ring on the character of complexes. The analysed compounds are crystalline hydrated or anhydrous salts with colours depending on the kind of central ions: blue for Cu(II), pink for Co(II) and violet for Nd(III) complexes. The carboxylate groups bind as monodentate, bidentate bridging or chelating and even tridentate ligands. Their thermal stabilities were studied in air at 293-1173K. When heated the hydrated complexes release the water molecules and form anhydrous compounds which are then decomposed to the oxides of respective metals. Their magnetic moment values were determined in the range of 76-303K. The results reveal the compounds of Nd(III) and Co(II) to be the high-spin and that of Cu(II) forms dimer. The various positions of -OCH3 groups in benzene ring influence some of physicochemical properties of analysed compounds.
Study of complexes of cadmium with some L-amino acids and vitamin-C by voltammetric technique
Authors: Khan Farid , Khanam Afroza
Published: February 2018

Voltammetric technique was used to study the binary and ternary complexes of cadmium with L-amino acids and vitamin-C (L-ascorbic acid) at pH =7.30 ± 0.01, μ = 1.0M KNO3 at 25ºC and 35ºC. Cd (II) formed 1:1:1, 1:1:2 and 1:2:1 complexes with L-lysine, L-ornithine, L-threonine, L-serine, L-phenylglycine, L-phenylalanine, L-glutamic acid and L-aspartic acid used as primary ligands and L-ascorbic acid used as secondary ligand. The trend of stability constant of complexes was Llysine < L-ornithine < L-threonine < L-serine < L-phenylglycine < L-phenylalanine < L-glutamic acid < L-aspartic acid which can be explained on the basis of size, basicity and steric hindrance of ligands. The values of stability constant (log β) varied from 2.23 to11.33 confirm that these drugs i.e. L-aminoacids or in combination with L-ascorbic acid or their complexes could be used against Cd (II) toxicity. The study has been carried out at 35ºC also to determine the thermodynamic parameters such asenthalpy change (ΔH), Free energy change (ΔG) and entropy change (ΔS) respectively.
Spectrophotometric flow injection procedure to indirect determination of paracetamol in pharmaceutical formulations using o-tolidine as reagent
Authors: Fatibello-Filho Orlando , Vieira Heberth Juliano
Published: February 2018

A spectrophotometric flow injection method for the determination of paracetamol in pharmaceutical formulations is proposed. The procedure was based on the oxidation of paracetamol by sodium hypochloride and the determination of the excess of this oxidant using o-tolidine dichloride as chromogenic reagent at 430 nm. The analytical curve was linear in the paracetamol concentration range from 8.50 x 10-6 to 2.51 x 10-4 mol L-1 with a detection limit of 5.0 x 10-6 mol L-1. The relative standard deviation was smaller than 1.2% for 1.20 x 10-4 mol L-1 paracetamol solution (n = 10). The results obtained for paracetamol in pharmaceutical formulations using the proposed flow injection method and those obtained using a USP Pharmacopoeia method are in agreement at the 95% confidence level.
Solid phase extraction of zinc with octadecyl silica membrane disks modified by N,N’-disalicylidene-1,2-phenylendiamine and determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry
Authors: Shabany M. , Shabani Ali Mohammad Haji , Dadfarnia Shayessteh , Gorji Alireza , Ahmadi Seyyed Hamid
Published: February 2018

A procedure for separation and preconcentration of trace amounts of Zn(II) from aqueous media is proposed. The procedure is based on the adsorption of Zn2+ on octadecyl bonded silica membrane disk modified with N,N’-disalicylidene-1,2-phenylendiamine at pH 7. The retained zinc ions were then stripped from the disk with a minimal amount of 1.5 mol L-1 hydrochloric acid solution as eluent, and determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Maximum capacity of the membrane disk modified with 5 mg of the ligand was found to be 226 μg Zn2+. The relative standard deviation of zinc for ten replicate extraction of 10 μg zinc from 1000 mL samples was 1.2%. The limit of detection of the proposed method was 14 ng of Zn2+ per 1000 mL. The method was successfully applied to the determination of zinc in natural water samples and accuracy was examined by recovery experiments and independent analysis by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS).
Factors Affecting the Aerobic Stability of Silage and Improvement Strategies
Authors: Çayıroğlu Hayrettin , Coşkun İsa , Şahin Ahmet
Published: February 2018

Aerobic stability (silage life), and from the

pop-up remains intact as a silage warming is defined as the length of time.

Although oxygen input into silage is insignificant at fermentation stage or

during fermentation this entrence is excessives during feeding. This case

causes activation of yeast, mould, and aerobic microorganisms which leads to

deterioration of silage. Consequently silage temperature and pH increases with

lost of dry matter. As a result of these, increase in temperature, rise in pH,

and loss of dry matter in silage occurs. Factors affecting the aerobic

stability of silage can be grouped under four headings: (1) Physical, chemical

and microbiological properties of silage material, (2) filling of silage

material and silage density, (3) silage additives and fermentation, (4) feeding

management. In this review factors affecting the aerobic stability of silage,

and strategies for improving it were discussed.
Validación de una Escala de Mandatos de Género en universitarios de México
Authors: Valadez-Márquez Gerardo Macías , Luna-Lara María Gabriela
Published: February 2018

El concepto de género permite descubrir las diferencias en la manera en que se internalizan las normas culturales y cómo estas dirigen las prácticas sociales relacionadas con la sexualidad, incluso las distintas normatividades para cada sexo. Los mandatos de género exploran y examinan estos modelos de normatividad (masculinidad y feminidad) que propone el patriarcado acerca de cómo debe comportarse un hombre y una mujer, los cuales se estructuran principalmente en torno a la sexualidad y la relación de pareja o con otros individuos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue diseñar y validar una Escala de Mandatos de Género, que determine aspectos heteronormativos (desde una perspectiva tradicional-patriarcal) para ambos géneros (masculino y femenino), y que ahonde en aspectos de la sexualidad. La Escala de Mandatos de Género se aplicó a un total de 345 estudiantes de entre 17 y 30 años de edad, en el estado de San Luis Potosí, México. Se realizó un análisis factorial Oblimin para todos los reactivos. Los resultados confirmaron que la escala midió los mandatos de género en esta población joven adulta, con un índice de confiabilidad general de 0.899. Se concluye que el instrumento es adecuado para la identificación de las diferencias normativas asociadas a la sexualidad y a la relación con la pareja.
El engranaje institucional como elemento del enfoque sistemático de la innovación en Latinoamérica
Authors: Borges-Quiñones Marisol , Saucedo-Acosta Edgar
Published: February 2018

El enfoque sistémico de la innovación resalta la interrelación de los agentes e instituciones, sin embargo, no reconoce la complementariedad institucional. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo diseñar y evaluar un indicador del constructo de “engranaje institucional” como un elemento que reconoce el impacto que una institución tiene sobre otra en los procesos de innovación, así como examinar la relación existente entre el índice de engranaje institucional y el crecimiento económico. Se utilizó́ el método de regresión lineal, considerando el PIB per cápita de 17 países de América Latina en el periodo de 1980 a 2014. Se usaron variables como la tasa de actividades empresariales (TAE), que mide la población involucrada; el porcentaje de la TAE, que tiene un producto o servicio nuevo; gobierno efectivo, Estado de derecho, leyes estables; y vínculos entre universidad-empresa, siendo clasificados como productos e insumos. El diseño del indicador de engranaje institucional resultó adecuado para reconocer la complementariedad en las instituciones y su papel en los procesos de innovación, además de confirmar que los países en donde se tiene un mayor índice de engranaje institucional presentan un crecimiento económico superior. Los resultados muestran que los países latinoamericanos deben impulsar el engranaje institucional para fortalecer su sistema nacional de innovación, y así lograr un progreso económico sostenido, como el que presentan la mayoría de los países desarrollados (Unión Europea y los Estados Unidos).
Transición a la Democracia y Procesos Electorales en México: situación actual y perspectivas
Authors: Bedolla Francisco
Published: February 2018

El término «transición» dista mucho de la claridad y univocidad que, diría Weber (1964), reclaman las construcciones típico-ideales para ser fecundas en los nos de la descripción y la explicación empíricas, lo que ha sido óbice para que su uso prevaleciera claramente en los estudios actuales de política comparada referidos a las crisis y modificaciones estatales de los últimoscincuenta años en la semiperiferia (Italia, Grecia, Portugal y España)y la periferia capitalistas (Chile, Argentina y Brasil en América del Sur y, recientemente, la Sudáfrica de Mandela), así como en los países que integraban el así denominado “bloque socialista”.
Movimiento Indígena y Poder Étnico en Colombia
Authors: Gómez Valencia Herinaldy
Published: February 2018

Zigzagueante y haciendo camino, la diversidad étnica fluye a veces escurridiza y otras abiertamente por la geografía colombiana. Descendientes de la anaconda piedra -Tuyuca-, la anaconda agua -Macuna-Sara-, la abeja del río -Carapana-, gente ceniza -Tanimuka Ufaina-, gente nube -Sirianos-, gente Zancudo - Taiwano Eduria-, gente pez -Piratapuyo-, gente paloma -Yuruti-, gente del hacha -Andoque-, gente del río de la caña silvestre -Sikuani-Guahibo- gente del territorio -Paez o Nasa Kiwe-, son algunas de las denominaciones con las que una docena de los 81 grupos étnicos indígenas de Colombia se identifican a sí mismos.La riqueza cultural que reflejan estas sugestivas denominaciones contrasta con la pobreza estatal-institucional y muchas veces académica con que se ha querido homogenizaras, llamándolos desde la conquista “indios”. Lo que los procesos de conquista y colonización no lograron en el orden político, económico y social, se alcanzo en el plano socio-lingüístico uniformando todas las manifestaciones aborígenes de diversidad encontrada, con la clasificación inicial de salvajes; posteriormente, y hasta hoy, con la de indígenas.
Olvidados y Marginados en la Oquedad de la Historial
Authors: Padilla Arroyo Antonio
Published: February 2018

El presente ensayo constituye una aproximación al estudio de los marginados y los olvidados desde una visión histórica. Recupera una serie de textos que han analizado los procesos de marginación, exclusión e inclusión que se suscitaron durante el nacimiento y consolidación de la sociedad moderna, en particular la europea. En este sentido, una de las contribuciones más importantes para el estudio de estos temas ha provenido de la denominada nueva historia, cuyo origen está en la escuela francesa de Los Annales. La nueva historia develó y puso el énfasis en el papel desempeñado por actores sociales e instituciones que la historiografía tradicional había mantenido en el anonimato o simplemente olvidados e ignorados. El motivo de interés de este tipo de historiografía eran temas, personajes y coyunturas bien delimitadas o instituciones que pretendían englobar la vida social, económica, política o cultural de una época o un periodo. Precisamente contra ese “olvido” o desatención por parte de los historiadores tradicionales, se ha levantado el esfuerzo de la nueva historia por recuperar no la Historia sino las historias, acaso menos luminosas, poco heroicas y edificantes, pero que ofrecen una mirada mucho más terrenal, de contornos más cálidos y vivos que reflejan la complejidad y las sorpresas de la vida cotidiana, de los lazos y las relaciones sociales que se tejen casi imperceptibles al poder y sus instituciones.
La Historia en Edward Palmer Thompson: aproximaciones a su obra y aportes a la historia de los de abajo
Authors: Martínez Omaña María Concepción
Published: February 2018

Para analizar la obra del historiador contemporáneo Edward Palmer Thompson, que incluye una perspectiva particular del qué y cómo estudiar la historia,es decir, de reconstruir la historia “de los de abajo”, “de las ases subalternas”, de “los marginados” o simplemente de los sin historia”, es necesario ir mas allá del simple estudio del acontecimiento histórico. Es indispensable trasladar nuestra mirada hacia el sujeto, hacia el historiador, en este aso de Thompson, cuya trayectoria importa comentar. Con esto intentamos comprender la visión de una historia que refleja la interacción del historiador como sujeto y el hecho histórico como objeto de estudio. Tomando en cuenta lo anterior, este ensayo se divide en os partes. En la primera, se hace referencia a algunos aspectos de la vida de Thompson que, de acuerdo con 19unos historiadores, influyeron en su quehacer profesional como historiador. En la segunda, se retornan las principales aportaciones que en el campo de la historiografía realizó, en particular su concepción de la historia entendida como pro- ceso de conocimiento, y, por el otro, las temáticas que abordó en sus estudios, los cuales han enriquecido la “historia de los de abajo”.
Peran Lembaga Hukum Adat Laot dalam mengatur sistem bagi hasil perikanan tangkap antar nelayan dengan pemodal di Kabupaten Aceh Barat
Authors: Wardah Eva
Published: February 2018

Peran lembaga Hukum Adat laot masing sangat mengakar pada masyakarat nelayan yang ada ada diwilayah  pesisir Provinsi Aceh. Keberadaannya bukan hanya sebatas mengatur kegiatan-kegiatan seremonial adat namun juga mengatur hubungan antara nelayan dengan pemilik modal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran Lembaga Hukum Adat Laot dalam mengatur Sistem bagi hasil antara  antara nelayan perikanan tangkap dengan pemodal  di Kabupaten Aceh Barat.metode penelitian digunakan adalah metode survey dengan analisis data melalui pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif berrdasarkan jawaban quisioner pada saat wawancara dengan responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan  persentase sumber modal nelayan perikanan  tangkap masih sebahgian besar berasal dari Tauke bangku dan sumber sendiri. Sistem bagi hasil perikanan tangkap mengikat tiga pihak meliputi; (1) pemilik perahu/boat,  (2) pawang pukat dan aneuk pukat serta (3)  tauke bangku dan masing memiliki kewajiban dan hak yang harus dipenuhi. Kepatuhan terhadap Ketentuan hukum adat laot tentang bagi hasil antara nelayan dan pemilik modal dengan menjunjung kemaslahatan hubungan antara pemilik modal dengan pawang dan aneuk pukat masih berlaku dan diterapkan pada kehidupan nelayan perikanan tangkap di Kabupaten Aceh Barat. Role of Laot Customary Law institution still deeply exists in the fishermen society existing at coastal region of Aceh province. Its existence is not only to regulate the tradition ceremonial activities but also to regulate the relationship of  fishermen and the investor. This study aimed to determine the role of Laot Customary Law Institution in regulating the system of profit sharing between the fishermen with the investor at  West Aceh district. Research method used was survey method with data analysis through quantitative and qualitative approaches based on the answers of questionnaires during interviewing respondents. The results showed that the percentage of capital sources of fishermen was mostly from the their boss called tauke bangku and their own capital. Fishery profit sharing system involved three parties such as; (1) the boat owner, (2) the trawl handler and trawl crew and (3) tauke bangku. Each party had obligations and rights that must be fulfilled. Compliance onto the regulation of laot customary law about profit sharing between fishermen and investor by holding the benefits of the relationship of among capital owners, trawl handler and trawl crew was still valid and applicable to the life of fishermen at West Aceh.
Pengaruh merkuri nitrat [Hg (NO3)2] dengan konsentrasi berbeda terhadap benih ikan kakap putih (Lates calcarifer Bloch): histologi insang
Authors: Ezraneti Riri
Published: February 2018

Banyaknya industri yang berkembang dewasa menyebabkan meningkatnya kadar logam berat seperti merkuri dalam perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh [Hg (NO3)2] dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda terhadap benih ikan kakap putih (L. calcarifer): histologi insang. Dalam penelitian ini, ikan dipaparkan dengan konsentrasi 3,16 x 10-2 ppm, 9,99 x 10-2 ppm, 3,16 x 10-1 ppm dan 9,97 x 10-1 ppm. Total ikan yang digunakan untuk histologi adalah 15 ekor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi konsentrasi [Hg (NO3)2] maka kerusakan pada jaringan insang ikan juga akan meningkat dan mempercepat waktu kematian ikan. Kerusakan yang terjadi yaitu hipertropi dan hiperplasia pada sel epitel insang, fuse pada lamela sekunder dan haemorhage di insang pada konsentrasi [Hg (NO3)2] yang lebih tinggi.Many industries today lead to increased levels of heavy metals such as mercury in water. This research aims to determine the effect of different concentrations of [Hg (NO3) 2] to Asean Sea Bass (L. calcarifer): Gill Histology. In this study, this fishes was treated with 3,16 x 10-2 ppm, 9,99 x 10-2 ppm, 3,16 x 10-1 ppm, and 9,97 x 10-1 ppm. Total fishes used for histological study was 15 fishes. Results of this research showed that increasing the consentrations of the [Hg(NO3)2] will also increase the damage on the stomach structure and fasten the mortality time of the fish. Damage that occurs is hypertrophy and hyperplacia on epitel cells, fuse of secundary lamellae and haemorhage on gill that were exposed to high consentration of [Hg(NO3)2].
Uji toksisitas serbuk daun mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) terhadap benih ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Ezraneti Riri , Fajri Nurul
Published: February 2018

Ikan nila merupakan ikan yang hidup di air tawar, mudah dikembangbiakkan dan toleransinya tinggi terhadap perubahan lingkungan. Namun apabila lingkungan perairan mengalami penurunan kualitas akibat adanya pencemaran limbah baik organik maupun anorganik, maka organisme patogen seperti bakteri akan mudah berkembangbiak dan menyebabkan penyakit pada ikan. Phaleria macrocarpa adalah satu dari bahan antibiotik alami yang dapat digunakan untuk mengobati penyakit pada ikan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada janurai 2016 di laboratorium hatchery dan teknologi akuakultur programstudi Budidaya Perairan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Malikussaleh. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui toksisitas P. Macrocarpa terhadap benih ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa LC50 96 jam P. macrocarpa adalah 186.64 mg/l dan konsentrasi aman untuk benih ikan Nila adalah 18.664 mg/l.Tilapia is fresh water fish that easy to culture and tolerant to environmental change. But if the water quality decreased because organic and anorganic waste, pathogen organism easy to growth like bacteria and make disease to the fish. Phaleria macrocarpa is one of herbal antibiotic that can use for treat fish disease. This research was conducted on January 2016 held at the Laboratory of Hatchery and Aquaculture Technology Aquaculture departement, Agriculture Faculty Malikussaleh University. The purpose of this study was to determine the P. macrocarpa toxcicity to tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). This research used experimental method namely a completely randomized design (CRD) non factorial with five treatments within three replications. The results showed that the P. macrocarpa gave different and changes in clinical symptoms on fish for 4 days. The concentration of P. macrocarpa showing LC50 186.64 mg/l for 96 hours and safe concentration of the P. macrocarpa for tilapia is 18.664 mg/l.
Nuestros colaboradores
Authors: Colaboradores Nuestros
Published: February 2018

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MENUMBUH KEMBANGKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF MATEMATIS DENGAN PENDEKATAN CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING
Authors: Artikasari Evaderika Ayu , Saefudin Abdul Aziz
Published: February 2018

Mathematics is very important in the development of modern technology and can not be separated from our daily lives, therefore students need to be prepared to have the ability  creative  thinking of mathematically so students will be easier in solving a problem involving mathematics given the vast utilization of mathematics. Creative students will be able to compete in real life. In an effort to grow the ability, one of the alternatives that can be done is by using contextual teaching and learning approach (CTL). Components of the CTL approach can foster creative thinking skills that contain indicators of originality, fluency, flexibility and elaboration.
Pengaruh Metode Cooperative Scrift dan Peran Orang Tua Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Widiyarto Sigit
Published: February 2018

AbstractLearning methods in the schools can determine the success students. But Masterylearning method is still less optimal. One of method to increase student activity iscooperatif scrift. This research used experimental method. The research findings:There is the effect of the method cooperatif scrift to achievement learn Indonesian. Byusing scrift Coopertif method can improve student achievement, so that better andproper administration of these methods will increase student learning outcomes. Thereis the influence of the role of parents to the student achievement Indonesian. The roleof parents can improve student achievement. The role of parents is very important tosupport the child in improving learning achievement in school. There is the influenceof cooperatif scrift methods and the role of parents simultaneously to achievementlearn Indonesian. Provision of appropriate methods target will create an optimallearning process. The role of parents both at home and at school can support betterresult.Keywords: cooperative scrift method, Role of Parents and The result of BahasaLearning
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Pelatihan Pembuatan Pupuk Kompos
Authors: Suhastyo Arum Asriyanti
Published: February 2018

Kegiatan pemberdayaan masyarakat berupa transfer teknologi tentang pembuatan kompos adalah sebagai upaya memanfaatkan potensi lingkungan sekitar berupa sisa sampah organik. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Rejasa Kecamatan Madukara Kabupaten Banjarnegara. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini yaitu pemberian materi dan demonstrasi. Pemberian materi tentang berbagai bahan sisa sampah organik disekitar lingkungan Kelurahah Rejasa yang dapat digunakan sebagai sumber bahan baku pembuatan pupuk kompos. Demonstrasi dilakukan dengan melakukan praktik pembuatan pupuk kompos dengan menggunakan bahan baku hijauan/dedaunan, bonggol pisang, dan kotoran sapi yang banyak terdapat disekitar Kelurahan Rejasa, kemudian ditambahkan dengan super decomposer, sekam padi, gula pasir, dan air. Transfer teknologi pembuatan pupuk kompos memberikan manfaat yang besar yaitu adanya peningkatan pengetahuan warga tentang manfaat bahan sisa sampah organik sebagi bahan baku pembuatan pupuk kompos. Kata kunci: pemberdayaan, pupuk, organik, kompos
Peningkatan Produktivitas Kelompok Tani Ikan Lele dengan Teknik Bioflok
Authors: Sudaryati Dwi , Heriningsih Sucahyo , Rusherlistyani Rusherlistyani
Published: February 2018

Catfish is the type of fish that is mostly eaten and traded in traditional markets on the island of Java, not least in Central Java and Yogyakarta and surrounding areas. Catfish made into one type of side dish that comes from the most popular fish because in addition to the relatively affordable price of the general public is also easy to obtain. The purpose of this devotion program is to improve the productivity of catfish farming with biofloc techniques to increase yield and gain optimal benefits. To overcome the problem, the activities carried out are: (1) Counseling and mentoring of biofloc technique, (2) Counseling and guidance of catfish farming management and (3) Training and Guidance of bookkeeping of catfish farming business. The result of this dedication activity is shown by the increasing of partner motivation to run the catfish farming as an effort to improve the welfare of farmer group member. The training has succeeded in increasing the knowledge of farmer group members to increase production or harvest with biofloc technique, both disease prevention and maintenance and feeding and bookkeeping skills improvement.Keywords: Productivity, Cultivation of Catfish, Biofloc
Kontribusi Fasilitas dan Disiplin Belajar Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa dalam Pembelajaran IPS
Authors: Dianah Lili
Published: February 2018

The research was based on the low value of social studies learning in Public Junior High School in West Bandung regency. The average value of KKM (Minimum Achievement Criteria), that was 66.08 which was still below the value set by LPMP (Education Quality Assurance Institution) that was at least 75. The research was conducted to find out the contribution of facility and learning discipline toward student learning result in social studies learning. This research used quantitative approach and Survey method (explanatory research). Analysis of learning result throughed average of student test results, and analysis of dicipline and learning facilities used questionnaire. The population students were 4231 students from 13 schools that classified SSN (National School Standar) in West Bandung regency. For research samples, there were 256 students from 7 schools. The sampling used Stratified Random Sampling. The results showed that learning facilities contributed to student learning result was 0.191 or 3.6%. The discipline of learning contributed to student learning outcomes was 0.353 or 12.5%. From the results of the study could be concluded that the facilities and discipline of student learning had a significant contribution to student learning result. Therefore the completeness of the facilities and the level of discipline students had to be improved and got attention more.
Mengelola Manajemen Logistik dengan Efektif di Universitas Negeri Semarang
Authors: Rahmaningtyas Wisudani , Ismiyati Ismiyati , Pramusinto Hengky
Published: February 2018

This research aims at analyzing the logistic management and examining the arising problems faced when managing the logistics at economics faculty of Semarang state university. Logistics is one essential administration that should be made by an organization. The logistic procedures consist of procurement, recording, storage, distribution, maintenance, and elimination. At present, the logistic activities at economics faculty are running quite well. However, based on the studies conducted by many researchers, the logistic impacts require further examination and analysis. The pre-research study based on interviews shows that no logistic staff handles the logistic management. For the time being, the logistic activities are handled by the public utility staffs. Besides, the Standardized Operational Procedures on logistic management are still unclear.This research uses a descriptive-qualitative approach. Data are obtained from informants in the forms of words, measures, and writings. Interview, observation, and documental analysis are techniques used to collect the data. Samples are taken with a purposive sampling technique and then data are analyzed using an interactive technique. Data validation is conducted using triangulation techniques and methodologies. The research results show that the logistic activities are not yet ideally running, such as poor conditioned inventory management of goods, uncontrolled stock opname; not maximally utilized forms as the controlling devices; limited warehouses for supply storage; unavailable warehouses for storage of the upcoming goods to eliminate, unscheduled goods inventory maintenance, and too long waiting period of elimination activities.
Pengambilan Keputusan Mahasiswa dalam Memilih Perguruan Tinggi Swasta di Pekanbaru
Authors: Wulandini S Putri
Published: February 2018

Education has the very centraled and strategic role, esspecially, if it is accorded to the quality increasing effort of the human resources. Because only for the qualitified human resources will be created the truely human value and dignity increasing. University as one of the important part in the education zone which is responed in effort to enrich the nation life and the very strategic role to make the part in avoiding the the human resources quality problem. Amount of the many University if seen from the University perspective will cause the high competition in taking the pre-colligian. Answering the problem which is exposed above., the study aimed to determine the promotion activity contribution, price contribution, location contribution, facility and insfratucture contribution, human resources quality contribution through the colligian’s decision maker in choosing the private University. The used research design in the research was explanatory and confirmation research which amied to explain the causal relationship between variable through the hipothesis test and operated by the descriptive analysis maintain and verificative through the suvey. The research outcome was found the promotion contribution (p value 0.00), price contribution of p value =0,0001, location contribution p value = 0,0001, facility and infrastructure contribution p value = 0,0001, human resources quality contribution p value 0,0001 throught the decision maker on all relating statistically. Suggested for the private University management in Pekanbaru was more selective, critism to develop the University, for finding the students so that want to be able to study in the private University. (a) for the next research becomes the basic that when wanting the consument according to the target, besides promotion, location which must be noticed, completely facility, competitive price.
Uji Sensitivitas Antibiotik Terhadap Bakteri Penyebab Infeksi Saluran Kemih Pada Pasien Rawat Inap Di RSUD Prof. Dr Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto
Authors: Muhammad Adzkie , Nurulita Nunuk Aries , Budiman Arif
Published: February 2018

Penyakit infeksi masih merupakan penyebab kesakitan dan kematian yang tinggi di seluruh dunia, khususnya di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Bakteri patogen penyebab infeksi saluran kemih seringkali dapat diperkirakan, dan Escherichia Coli merupakan bakteri patogen utama baik pada pasien rawat jalan maupun rawat inap. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah Mengidentifikasi jenis bakteri penyebab serta pola bakteri dan tingkat sensitivitas antibiotik terhadap bakteri penyebab infeksi saluran kemih (ISK) pada pasienrawat inap di RSUD Prof. Dr Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua jenis antibiotik yaitu asam pipemidat dan cefixime. Uji yang dilakukan meliputi uji hemosis, identifikasi bakteri secara biokimia dan uji sensitivitas antibotik dengan metode difusi agar. Hasil uji identifikasi biokimia menunjukkan bahwa uji indol dan methyl red positif sedangkan uji VP dan sitrat hasilnya negatif. E. Coli menurut Bergey manual menunjukkan hasil positif untuk uji indol dan methyl red sedangkan uji VP dan Sirat negatif. Diduga Bakteri penyebab ISK pada penelitian ini adalah E. Coli. Hasil uji sensitivitas bakteri terhadap antibiotik menunjukkan bahwa bakteri masih sensitif terhadap asam pipemidat sebesar 66,7% dan intermediet 33,3%. Antibiotik cefixime sebesar sensitif 55,6% dan Intermediet 44,4%.
Formulasi Losion Antioksidan dari Ekstrak Buah Stroberi (Fragaria Annanasa)
Authors: Anggraini Deni , Fernando Armon , Elisa Nurul
Published: February 2018

Penelitian tentang formulasi losion antioksidan dari ekstrak buah stroberi (Fragaria ananassa) dengan konsentrasi 0,5%, 1% dan 2% telah dilakukan. Aktivitas antioksidan losion ditentukan dengan menghitung nilai IC50. Aktivitas antioksidan losion pada konsentrasi 0,5%, 1% dan 2% dinilai sebagai antioksidan yang sangat kuat, dengan nilai IC50 berturut-turut 0,47 ppm, 0,82 ppm dan 1,53 ppm. Evaluasi formula losion antioksidan meliputi organoleptis, homogenitas, stabilitas dan pH. Hasil penelitiannya menunjukkan bahwa sediaan losion tidak berubah dan stabil selama 8 minggu penyimpanan.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Natrium Alginat Terhadap Gel Ekstrak Daun Teh Hijau (Camellia Sinensis L.) Sebagai Inhibitor Tirosinase
Authors: Rahmi Hanifah , Ramadhan Rizky , Radjab Naniek Setiadi
Published: February 2018

Daun teh hijau (Camellia sinensis L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang mengandung senyawa-senyawa polifenol seperti katekin dan galokatekin galat yang dapat digunakan sebagai inhibitor tirosinase. Dalam penelitian ini ekstrak daun teh hijau dibuat menjadi sediaan gel dengan menggunakan natrium alginat sebagai gelling agent. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi konsentrasi natrium alginat terhadap penghambatan tirosinase pada gel ekstrak daun teh hijau. Gel dibuat menjadi 3 formula dengan masing-masing konsentrasi natrium alginat sebesar 2%, 2,5%, 3%. Ekstraksi daun teh hijau dilakukan dengan cara refluks menggunakan pelarut metanol 50%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ketiga formula mempunyai nilai IC50 masing-masing sebesar 34,80 µg/ml, 23,27 µg/ml, 20,69 µg/ml. Kesimpulan penelitian ini, bahwa sediaan dengan natrium alginat 3% memberikan hasil penghambatan tirosinase yang paling baik dengan IC50 sebesar 20,69 µg/ml.