bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cost analysis of Greenlight photoselective vaporization of the prostate compared to transurethral resection of the prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Masucci Lisa , Erman Aysegul , Krahn Murray D. , Elterman Dean
Published: June 2018

Introduction: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland, which results in the development of lower urinary tract symptoms that can interfere with patients’ daily activities and negatively impact their quality of life. The gold standard treatment for moderate to severe BPH has been transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), however, this procedure is associated with prolonged hospitalizations and increased complications. An alternative to TURP is Greenlight photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP), which is associated with better perioperative safety. The objectives of the research were to: 1) assess the cost of Greenlight PVP compared to TURP and bipolar TURP; and 2) assess the predictors of total cost.

Methods: We conducted a descriptive costing study from the hospital perspective. We evaluated perioperative costs of patients who underwent each procedure from 2013–2015 at a tertiary academic medical centre. A multiple linear regression was performed to identify predictors of total cost. The variables included in regression analysis were patient age, type of procedure, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and distance to clinic.

Results: A total of 202 patients received one of the three procedures over the study period. The total cost of Greenlight PVP was $3836 per patient compared to $4963 for TURP and $4978 for bipolar TURP. The linear regression showed that the Charlson Comorbidity Index and type of procedure were independent predictors of total cost.

Conclusions: The procedure costs and readmission rates are lower for Greenlight PVP compared to TURP and bipolar TURP, making it a preferable option for hospitals.
Costs variations for percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the U.S. from 2003–2015: A contemporary analysis of an all-payer discharge database
Authors: Leow Jeffrey J. , Valiquette Anne-Sophie , Chung Benjamin I. , Chang Steven L. , Trinh Quoc-Dien , Korets Rus , Bhojani Naeem
Published: June 2018

Introduction: We sought to evaluate population-based cost variations and predictors of outlier costs for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in the U.S.

Methods: Using the Premier Healthcare Database, we identified all patients diagnosed with kidney/ureter calculus who underwent PCNL from 2003–2015. We evaluated 90-day direct hospital costs, defining high- and low-cost surgery as those >90th and <10th percentile, respectively. We constructed a multilevel, hierarchical regression model and calculated the pseudo-R2 of each variable, which translates to the percentage variability contributed by that variable on 90-day direct hospital costs.

Results: A total of 114 581 patients underwent PCNL during the 12-year study period. Mean cost in the low-cost group was $5787 (95% confidence interval [CI] 5716–5856) vs. $38 590 (95% CI 37 357–39 923) in the high-cost group. Cost variations were substantially impacted by patient (63.7%) and surgical (18.5%) characteristics and less so by hospital characteristics (3.9%). Significant predictors of high costs included more comorbidities (≥2 vs. 0: odds ratio [OR] 1.81; p=0.01) and hospital region (Northeast vs. Midwest: OR 2.04; p=0.03). Predictors of low cost were hospital bed size of 300–499 beds (OR 1.35; p<0.01) and urban hospitals (OR 2.77; p=0.01). Factors less likely to be associated with lowcost PCNL were more comorbidities (Charlson Comorbidity Index [CCI] ≥2: OR 0.69; p<0.0001), larger hospitals (OR 0.61; p=0.01), and teaching hospitals (OR 0.33; p<0.0001).

Conclusions: Our contemporary analysis demonstrates that patient and surgical characteristics had a significant effect on costs associated with PCNL. Poor comorbidity status contributed to high costs, highlighting the importance of patient selection.
External validation of the novel International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Gleason grading groups in a large contemporary Canadian cohort
Authors: Davis Bondarenko Helen , Zanaty Marc , Harmouch Sabrina S. , Negrean Cristina , Pompe Raisa S. , Liberman Daniel , Bhojani Naeem , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Zorn Kevin C. , El-Hakim Assaad
Published: June 2018

Introduction: We sought to test the discriminatory ability of the 2014 International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Gleason grading groups (GGG) for predicting biochemical recurrence (BCR) after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) in a large, contemporary, Canadian cohort.

Methods: A total of 621 patients who underwent RARP in two major Canadian centres were identified in a prospectively maintained Canadian database between 2006 and 2016. Followup endpoint was BCR. Log-rank test, univariable, and multivariable Cox regression analyses were used.

Results: Mean followup was 27.9 months. All five ISUP GGG independently predicted BCR. Statistically significant differences in BCR rates were found between GGG 2 and GGG 3 strata (p<<0.001). No statistically significant differences in BCR rates were found between GGG 4 and GGG 5 strata (p=0.3). Relative to GGG 1, the GGG 2, GGG 3, GGG 4, and GGG 5 yielded a 1.10-, 3.44-, 4.18-, and 4.74-fold hazard ratio (HR) increment in BCR, respectively.

Conclusions: This population-based Canadian cohort study confirms the added discriminatory property of the novel ISUP grading, specifically for GGG 2 and GGG 3 strata. No difference, however, was observed between GGG 4 and GGG 5, likely due to the lower number of patients in these groups. As such, after external validation, the 2014 ISUP GGG appears to retain clinical prognostic significance in a Canadian population.
A survey of Canadian renal transplant surgeons: Use of ureteric stents and technique of the ureteroneocystotomy
Authors: Reynolds Luke F. , Kroczak Tad , Honey R. John , Pace Kenneth T. , Lee Jason Y. , Ordon Michael
Published: June 2018

Introduction: The role of ureteric stenting in renal transplant has been well-demonstrated. The goal of this survey was to determine the use of ureteric stents by Canadian transplant surgeons and how the ureteroneocystotomy and followup is performed.

Methods: An online survey was sent to the 40 surgeon members of the Canadian Society of Transplantation. The primary outcome was the rate of ureteric stent use at the time of renal transplantation. The secondary outcomes were the ureteric stent dwell time, use and type of prophylactic antibiotics, and the use of routine post-transplant ultrasonography.

Results: All respondents (25) used ureteric stent routinely and 92% remove the stent between four and six weeks postoperatively. Prophylactic antibiotics were used 64% of the time for ureteric stent removal. The majority of surgeons do not routinely perform a post-stent removal ultrasound. Fifty-six percent of respondents perform a refluxing anastomosis.

Conclusions: Ureteric stents are routinely used in renal transplant in Canada. Areas for improvement and topics of debate identified from this survey are the need for peri-stent removal antibiotics, the role of post-stent removal ultrasound, the duration of stent dwell time, and the need for a non-refluxing ureteroneocystotomy.
The Two-Parameter Odd Lindley Weibull Lifetime Model with Properties and Applications
Authors: Almamy Jehhan. A. , Ibrahim Mohamed , Eliwa M. S. , Al-mualim Saeed , Yousof Haitham M.
Published: June 2018

In this work, we study the two-parameter Odd Lindley Weibull lifetime model. This distribution is motivated by the wide use of the Weibull model in many applied areas and also for the fact that this new generalization provides more flexibility to analyze real data. The Odd Lindley Weibull density function can be written as a linear combination of the exponentiated Weibull densities. We derive explicit expressions for the ordinary and incomplete moments, moments of the (reversed) residual life, generating functions and order statistics. We discuss the maximum likelihood estimation of the model parameters. We assess the performance of the maximum likelihood estimators in terms of biases, variances, mean squared of errors by means of a simulation study. The usefulness of the new model is illustrated by means of two real data sets. The new model provides consistently better fits than other competitive models for these data sets. The Odd Lindley Weibull lifetime model is much better than \ Weibull, exponential Weibull, Kumaraswamy Weibull, beta Weibull, and the three parameters odd lindly Weibull with three parameters models so the Odd Lindley Weibull model is a good alternative to these models in modeling glass fibres data as well as the Odd Lindley Weibull model is much better than the Weibull, Lindley Weibull transmuted complementary Weibull geometric and beta Weibull models so it is a good alternative to these models in modeling time-to-failure data.
Instructional Selection of Active Learning and Traditional Courses Increases Student Achievement in College Mathematics
Authors: Roop John , Edoh Kossi , Kurepa Alexandra
Published: June 2018

In this paper, we present the results of a study indicating that groups predominantly underrepresented in mathematics prefer to have a choice of instructional method. We use the concept of differentiated instruction to explain how different groups of students might perform better using various instructional techniques. Our study, which is based on student self-selection of traditional or active learning sections of a course, also presents evidence that using different instructional strategies in different sections of the same course is preferable to adopting only a single instructional method. In addition, we present evidence that student instructional selection improves student achievement in college level mathematics courses.
Further Exploring Differences in Business Undergraduate Perceived Outcomes by Preferred Classroom Learning Environment
Authors: Blau Gary , Jarrell Sherry , McCloskey Michael , Williams Wayne , Kerzner Alan , Ford Tyra
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this study was to compare business undergraduate online/hybrid course perceptions across three different preferred classroom learning environments (CLE): online, hybrid, or face-to-face (F2F). Six different perception-based outcomes were measured: easy to use technology, peer-perceived favorability of online/hybrid courses (peer-PFoOC); instructor-perceived favorability of online/hybrid courses (instructor-PFoOC); intent to recommend online/hybrid courses; institutional commitment; and persistence towards graduation. Undergraduates who were simultaneously taking at least one online or hybrid class and F2F course, i.e., mixed course delivery format, voluntarily completed an online survey. In the fall of 2017, a complete-data sample of n = 242 respondents was obtained and in the spring of 2018 the complete-data sample was n = 237. Consistent results across both samples were found for the outcomes. Undergraduates who preferred either online or hybrid CLE had significantly higher peer-PFoOC, instructor-PFoOC, and intent to recommend online/hybrid courses than students preferring an F2F environment. There were no differences between these three CLE preference groups in perceived easy to use technology, institutional commitment or persistence. As universities increase their online and hybrid course offerings monitoring student perceived outcomes between F2F and online/hybrid course sections will continue to be important.
Estimating the Impact of School Education on Contraception Use among Adolescents Aged 15–19 in Burkina Faso and Nigeria: Evidence from a Heckman Two-Step Correction Model
Authors: Lompo Miaba Louise , Bago Jean-Louis , Souratie Wamadini
Published: June 2018

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) still raise serious concerns for adolescents’ sexual health in west-African developing countries. To this extent, promoting contraception use among sexually active adolescents is a major key to addressing this problem. Yet, the rate of contraception use by adolescents remains surprisingly low in these countries. Using the Demographic Health Survey of Burkina Faso (2014) and Nigeria (2013), this paper examines the influence of school education on contraception use among sexually active male and female adolescents aged 15-19 in Burkina Faso and Nigeria. The standard estimates using Probit regressions suggest that achieving a primary school education increases the probability of a sexually active adolescent to use contraception by 8.26 percentage points (Burkina Faso) and 17.2 percentage points (Nigeria). This effect increases to 20.3 percentage points (Burkina Faso) and 34.7 percentage points (Nigeria) for adolescents with a secondary or higher school education. However, these baseline estimates are biased because adolescents’ decision to engage into sexual activity is not random. In light of this, a Heckman Correction Model (HCM) has been applied to account for this selection bias. The results show that the Probit regressions underestimate the effect of education on adolescents’ likelihood to use contraception in Burkina Faso and overestimate this effect in Nigeria. In fact, compared to adolescents with no school education, HCM estimates show that adolescents with primary and secondary (or higher) school education have respectively 10.2 and 24.4 percentage points more in the use of contraception in Burkina Faso and 15.1 and 34 percentage points in Nigeria. Together, these results suggest that the exposure to school education increases contraception use among the adolescents in both Burkina Faso and Nigeria.
Tenietgaan van zekerheidsrechten door contractsoverneming
Authors: Huizingh M.
Published: June 2018

Tenietgaan van zekerheidsrechten door contractsoverneming

Het overnemen van contracten komt veel voor in de praktijk, maar lang niet alle rechtsgevolgen van contractsoverneming zijn algemeen bekend. Weinig bekendheid geniet bijvoorbeeld het feit dat zekerheidsrechten teniet kunnen gaan door contractsoverneming. Partijen die zich daar niet van bewust zijn, lopen het risico dat hun verhaalspositie ongemerkt en ongewild verslechtert. Wie de wettelijke regeling over het tenietgaan van zekerheidsrechten bij overgang van contracten daarentegen goed kent en toepast, kan daar zijn voordeel mee doen. In dit artikel wordt beschreven welke zekerheden kunnen vervallen, hoe dit kan worden voorkomen of eventueel juist kan worden benut.
Detailhandelaren en leveranciers in distributieland treden toe tot het walhalla van de Dienstenrichtlijn
Authors: Spanjaard J.H.M.
Published: June 2018

Detailhandelaren en leveranciers in distributieland treden toe tot het walhalla van de Dienstenrichtlijn

De Dienstenrichtlijn is op 28 december 2009 geïmplementeerd in het BW. De regeling in het BW bevat een eigen, van artikel 6:234 BW afwijkende, lichte wijze van informeren over algemene voorwaarden. Omdat de informatieplicht onder de Dienstenrichtlijn lichter is dan die onder het BW, streven veel partijen naar de status van dienstverrichter. Op 30 januari 2018 oordeelde het HvJ EU dat ook detailhandel en distributiehandel onder het bereik van de Dienstenrichtlijn vallen. De reikwijdte van dit arrest valt niet te onderschatten, De gevolgen van dit arrest voor de algemenevoorwaardenregeling in het BW worden besproken.
Introducción: Mitologías literarias y culturales, caminos de la identidad latinoamericana
Authors: Bustamante Fernanda , Ferrús Beatriz
Published: June 2018

Introducción del dossier: Mitologías literarias y culturales, caminos de la identidad latinoamericana.
A palavra escrita: entre a lei e a marginalidade
Authors: Walty Ivete
Published: June 2018

Em pesquisa sobre a literatura produzida por prisioneiros políticos e comuns, tenho procurado responder às seguintes questões: I. Como se delineia a prisão nas escritas em primeira pessoa da contemporaneidade na literatura brasileira e quebequense? II. Como se relacionam, nessas escritas, a instituição prisional e as demais instituições: Família, Escola, Igreja, Estado, face à questão da violência? III.- Como se desenha o corpo na escrita em sua relação com essa violência? IV. - Como se conjugam subjetividade e coletividade na figuração dos sujeitos narrativos envolvidos? V.- Como se associam estética, ética e política na escrita da prisão? No presente trabalho, analiso os livros Memórias de um sobrevivente, de Luís Alberto Mendes, Bienvenu dans mon cauchemar e Lettres de prison, de Marie Gagnon, observando sobretudo o papel da escrita na situação-limite entre a marginalidade e a lei.
“Filosofia de botequim”: síncopa, samba, a vida e o pensamento popular de Ataulfo Alves
Authors: Romanelli Francisco Antonio
Published: June 2018

A vida pobre do sambista original foi motivo de farta reflexão nas letras dos sambas. Desde Noel Rosa instaurou-se uma nova poética para as letras da canção popular, em que o questionamento sobre as vicissitudes dessa vida passou a ser um dos principais objetivos do sambista. Essa era uma forma de a cultura negra resistir à desculturação e à implantação de uma ideologia de inferioridade racial, impostas pela elite dominante, basicamente branca e de tradição europeia. As letras dos sambas eram questionadoras, polissêmicas e sarcásticas, gerando o que se denomina “pensamento sincopado”, baseado no uso da síncopa e motivador de certa forma de reflexão, a que se dá o nome de “filosofia de botequim”. No pensamento popular, sincopado, de Ataulfo Alves, expresso por suas canções, o presente texto vai buscar a “filosofia de botequim” em questionamentos sobre a vida, a sorte, a morte e a felicidade e seus diálogos com a poesia.
Definindo o comentário metadiscursivo em uma perspectiva interacionista da Análise do Discurso
Authors: Cunha Gustavo Ximenes , Braga Paloma Bernardino
Published: June 2018

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de pesquisa que buscou definir a noção de comentário metadiscursivo. Adotando contribuições teórico-metodológicas de uma abordagem interacionista da Análise do Discurso, o Modelo de Análise Modular do Discurso, a pesquisa teve como base empírica dois debates eleitorais. O primeiro aconteceu em 2012 e foi protagonizado por Fernando Haddad (PT) e José Serra (PSDB), e o segundo ocorreu em 2014 e foi protagonizado por Dilma Rousseff (PT) e Aécio Neves (PSDB). Ao final do percurso de análise, foi possível definir o comentário metadiscursivo como uma relação de discurso por meio da qual o locutor emprega um segmento de discurso representado para comentar, avaliando, uma informação da memória discursiva cuja origem é o comportamento linguageiro do próprio locutor (comentário metadiscursivo autofônico), do interlocutor (comentário metadiscursivo diafônico) ou de terceiro (comentário metadiscursivo polifônico).
A forma das sentenças téticas anunciativas no português do Brasil
Authors: Pinheiro-Correa Paulo
Published: June 2018

Este estudo analisa a sintaxe de um tipo de sentenças téticas anunciativas (Sasse 2006) no português brasileiro, as manchetes de jornal. A metodologia foi a comparação entre manchetes correspondentes obtidas em dois jornais brasileiros e dois argentinos, para identificação das manchetes téticas, uma vez que no espanhol estas vêm marcadas pela ordem VS. Os resultados foram que de 24 manchetes em espanhol encontradas 19 delas apresentavam a ordem de palavras VS, de configuração tética para aquele língua e de 24 manchetes em Português brasileirto correspondentes, todas apresentaram a ordem VS, o que demonstra que neste gênero, as sentenças téticas têm a ordem SV no português brasileiro contemporâneo.
A dêixis pessoal na aquisição de linguagem: uma perspectiva enunciativa
Authors: Ferreira Júnior José Temístocles , Azevedo Natanael Duarte de
Published: June 2018

Neste artigo, buscaremos discutir o processo de enunciação a partir da relação mãe-bebê, observando o uso dos dêiticos pessoais pela mãe e sua emergência na fala do bebê enquanto marca do processo de subjetivação. Para isso, utilizaremos as considerações de Benveniste a respeito do processo enunciativo, no que diz respeito ao funcionamento dos pronomes pessoais eu-tu. Analisamos, de forma interpretativa, dados longitudinais de uma díade mãe-bebê ao longo de 36 meses de vida da criança em situação naturalística de interação.  Os resultados mostram que, ao analisar o uso dos dêiticos pessoais na relação dialógica, é possível compreender a marcação dos papéis discursivos assumidos na interação como constitutivos da própria subjetividade e também o processo de enunciação por parte do infans.
Quem pode narrar a favela? Intelectuais e sujeitos silenciados: autoridade e autorização
Authors: Tonani do Patrocínio Paulo Roberto
Published: June 2018

O presente artigo tem como objetivo principal discutir o papel e o lugar do intelectual no cenário cultural contemporâneo a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica que visita alguns dos principais teóricos que se propuseram a refletir sobre a questão, como Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze e Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. Parte-se do pressuposto que se outrora o intelectual atuava enquanto porta-voz de sujeitos silenciados, falando em nome destes sujeitos e, dessa maneira, silenciado-os; nos parece que na contemporaneidade não há mais espaço para este tipo de atuação. Além desta revisão bibliográfica o artigo também analisa o romance Sorria, você está na Rocinha, de Julio Ludemir, obra que tematiza a relação entre intelectual e sujeitos silenciados na cena literária contemporânea em duas perspectivas: no processo de produção da obra e na representação ficcional.
Corpo e subjetividade: espaços e experiências
Authors: Machado Valéria A S , Linhares Vinícius Lourenço
Published: June 2018

Este texto busca empreender aproximações na leitura dos contos “Paulo”, de Graciliano Ramos e “A bela e a fera ou a ferida grande demais”, de Clarice Lispector, tendo como perspectiva a relação entre corpo, espaço e subjetividade. No espaço ambivalente e paradoxal que é a própria escrita, pretende-se analisar o modo como o corpo se delineia no espaço da cidade ficcional, também ela permeada de paradoxos e ambivalências. No corpo do sujeito que experimenta a dinâmica das relações que a cidade impõe a seus habitantes, inscreve-se a incômoda presença do outro e do outro de si, o que pode ser entrevisto na imagem do duplo, levando a formas variadas de constituição subjetiva, ainda que pelo doloroso enfrentamento da morte e da exposição da ferida social e existencial.
Lack of information and difficulty of implementation as the obstacles to the adoption of performance measurement systems at Czech organisations
Authors: Gruntová Kolingerová Hana
Published: June 2018

The paper focuses on the topical issue of adopting standardised tools for the measurement of performance, with the centre of attention being a lack of information and the difficulty of implementation. The empirical part presents insights into the perception of the above aspects by selected Czech organisations. An analysis of data collected through a quantitative survey among 331 entities, carried out by the Institute for Evaluations and Social Analyses (INESAN) in 2012, indicates that the current practice of performance measurement at organisations influences the perception of selected obstacles. Organisations that measure performance in selected areas and use selected procedures often claim they know which standardised tools are adequate for performance measurement, yet they also often perceive implementation as problematic. Conversely, the incidence of selected performance measurement issues at organisations is positively associated with the perception of both a lack of information and the perception of implementation as problematic.
The “Fall Wage Round”: Collective Bargaining as Temporary Organization
Authors: Lehner Johannes
Published: June 2018

By investigating into collective bargaining in Austria, we show that bargaining - two opposing parties negotiating a deal - may take the form of a temporal organization and further, that outcomes of bargaining may significantly be affected by this. We specifically analyze the hierarchy, structure, membership, common goal and common identity of the bargaining organization, as well as its temporal and rhythmic nature. Together this establishes a temporal organization in contrast to bargaining between clearly separated parties. We discuss this as a possible explanation for the widely acknowledged success of the Austrian “Sozialpartnerschaft”.
“Words crumbled in my mouth like rotten mushrooms”
Authors: Schmidt Jana V. ,   DePaul University
Published: June 2018

A near exclusive focus on Hannah Arendt’s concept of forgiveness from her major work The Human Condition has obscured the equally important model of reconciliation in her writings on aesthetics and in her Thought Notebook. By engaging Arendt in a dialogue with her contemporaries and friends Ingeborg Bachmann and Hermann Broch, on the one hand, and with the classic thinkers of tragedy, Aristotle and Goethe, on the other hand, I show how reconciliation responds to the situation of fatherlessness after 1945 and, as a “reconciliation with reality,” offers a new basis for intersubjectivity. Having, as Arendt writes, “enough of origin within” ourselves to do without pre-established categories cannot mean that we must begin to “father” ourselves but that, on the contrary, our inception as beings born to begin anew leaves us radically forlorn and yet equipped with everything we need to “make world” with one another. The essay contends that imagination, judgment, and understanding build a network of thought figures in Arendt that are tied to reality through the work of reconciliation.
Kirurgija epilepsije pri otrocih
Authors: Vranič Andrej , Krajnc Natalija
Published: June 2018

Epilepsy surgery is a branch of functional neurosurgery, developed for treating patients with resistant epilepsy in pediatric and adult population. The etiology and clinical picture of pediatric epilepsy are very heterogeneous and patients who could benefit from surgery should be chosen very carefully. In this article we present preoperative preparation of epilepsy patients, as well as surgical techniques used in pediatric epilepsy surgery. Robotic stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) is the most precise technique used for implanting intracranial electrodes. Epileptic foci can be excluded by resection or disconnection procedures. Hypothalamic hamartomas are most frequently treated endoscopically. The results of surgical treatment are good: about two thirds of children are seizure-free after surgery while in the rest of them we mostly achieve improvement.
Laparoscopic management of double gallbladder diagnosed intraoperatively: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Kokalj Jošt , Hunt Yasmin Marianna
Published: June 2018

Double gallbladder is a rare congenital anomaly, which can present a challenge for the surgeon who performs laparoscopic cholecystectomies. The common first-line modality for screening in symptomatic gallbladder pathology is still ultrasonography, even though the accuracy is low. Preoperative diagnosis of this anomaly is not common as it is available in only 50 % of cases. Preoperative diagnosis and being acquainted with this anomaly decrease the possibility of injury to the biliary tract, the number of postoperative complications and the possible need for further surgical procedures.We present a case of double gallbladder which was diagnosed during the operative procedure. Based on ultrasonography screening, which showed a gall-stone in an unchanged gallbladder, a laparoscopic gallbladder removal was indicated. Despite the finding of a double gallbladder, the performance of laparoscopic gallblade removal was uneventful.
La confiance comme fondement essentiel du leadership des gestionnaires scolaires oeuvrant au sein de communautés autochtones québécoises
Authors: Deschênes Émilie
Published: June 2018

Les écoles situées au sein de communautés autochtones au Québec doivent faire face à plusieurs enjeux sociaux, culturels, ethnoculturels, économiques ou administratifs qui complexifient l’exercice des rôles et des responsabilités des acteurs de l’école, dont ceux des leaders scolaires. Ces enjeux se répercutent sur les relations humaines et sur la gestion du personnel dans l’école. Les dimensions liées à la confiance entre les individus deviennent alors fondamentales et contribuent à la nature du leadership qui sera exercé. Cet article présente une partie des résultats d’une recherche qualitative provenant d’une thèse de doctorat en éducation. La méthode de l’entrevue semi-dirigée qui a été choisie a mené à des entretiens avec 23 directions de trois nations différentes du nord du Québec. Les résultats mettent notamment en relief l’importance de la construction de la confiance entre les directions et le personnel, puisqu’elle constituerait un élément central dans la qualité des relations entre ces derniers. Les principales conclusions indiquent que certaines conditions propres au contexte autochtone agissent sur les acteurs et leurs dynamiques relationnelles, sur l’organisation de l’équipe-école et sur sa composition en communautés culturelles d’individus et qu’ils constituent autant d’éléments intervenant dans l’exercice du leadership du gestionnaire scolaire en milieu autochtone.
Conciliation du leadership des directions d’école en contexte francophone minoritaire et en contexte de diversité ethnoculturelle, linguistique et religieuse
Authors: Landry Jean-Sébastien , Gélinas-Proulx Andréanne
Published: June 2018

Les directions d’école font face à de nombreux enjeux en contexte francophone minoritaire au Canada. Dans cet environnement, il va sans dire que les directions d’école doivent exercer un leadership particulier. De plus, une diversité ethnoculturelle, linguistique et religieuse grandissante s’observe dans ces écoles. Dès lors, plusieurs études affirment que les directions d’école doivent aussi exercer un leadership particulier afin de permettre l’inclusion de la diversité ethnoculturelle, linguistique et religieuse. Nous argumentons que les directions des écoles qui se trouvent à la fois en contexte francophone minoritaire et en contexte de diversité ethnoculturelle, linguistique et religieuse doivent, en plus des tâches administratives et de nature pédagogique, concilier leur rôle de valorisation, transmission et protection de la langue française et des cultures francophones et l’inclusion de la diversité ethnoculturelle, linguistique et religieuse. Nous proposons donc une discussion théorique sur la nature du leadership à exercer pour assurer cette conciliation. Nous proposons finalement un modèle théorique de la conciliation du leadership des directions d’école en contexte francophone minoritaire et en contexte de diversité ethnoculturelle, linguistique et religieuse.
Le leadership scolaire en milieu francophone minoritaire du Nouveau-Brunswick : quelques représentations de directions d’école
Authors: Boudreau Lyne Chantal , Gaudet Jeanne d’Arc
Published: June 2018

L’article s’intéresse au leadership exercé par des directions d’écoles francophones du Nouveau-Brunswick. Notre étude qualitative exploratoire tente de déterminer les styles pertinents de leadership chez les directions d’école en milieu francophone minoritaire pour répondre à la mission de l’école, c’est-à-dire la réussite scolaire et la réussite identitaire des élèves. Pour ce faire, nous avons donné la parole à dix directions qui travaillent dans des écoles francophones en milieu anglodominant. Un des résultats de la recherche révèle que plusieurs d’entre elles reconnaissent la nécessité d’accroître leurs connaissances leur permettant d’exercer un leadership différent capable de répondre aux attentes et aux besoins spécifiques du milieu.
Stratégies d’encadrement favorisant l’insertion professionnelle des nouveaux enseignants issus de l’immigration : l’apport du leadership
Authors: Gravelle France , Duchesne Claire
Published: June 2018

Puisque le Canada accueille de nombreux immigrants chaque année, l’embauche de nouveaux enseignants issus de l’immigration est une pratique de plus en plus courante au pays. Les études portant sur la transition à l’emploi vécue par les enseignants francophones issus de l’immigration sont peu nombreuses. C’est pour cette raison qu’il s’avère important de s’interroger à propos des caractéristiques du leadership à adopter ainsi que des stratégies d’encadrement à préconiser par les directions d’école afin de permettre aux nouveaux enseignants issus de l’immigration de vivre une insertion réussie au sein de la profession. Cet article a donc pour but de présenter les résultats d’une recherche qualitative qui a permis d’examiner le Cadre de leadership de l’Ontario préconisant les trois « C » (Leadership Competencies, Character and Commitment) au regard de l’expérience vécue par six directions d’école ayant supervisé du nouveau personnel enseignant issu de l’immigration.
Le voile, l’alcool et l’accent. La « diversité » à l’épreuve du racisme vécu
Authors: Garneau Stéphanie
Published: June 2018

Ces dernières années, l’État québécois s’est adonné à un « utilitarisme migratoire » que la rhétorique de la diversité ne fait que proroger. Ses lois et politiques semblent sous-entendre que les qualifications élevées des migrants les préserveront de la discrimination et du racisme et leur permettront de contribuer pleinement à l’essor économique du Québec. À partir d’une recherche réalisée auprès de quarante migrants marocains qualifiés installés au Québec ou retournés au Maroc, cet article expose d’abord les signes sur lesquels s’érigent les attributions identitaires et les formes de racisme vécues au quotidien. Il montre ensuite comment les migrants classent et hiérarchisent leurs expériences du racisme. L’article conclut sur le caractère dynamique et continu de l’épreuve raciste et s’intéresse à la contribution éventuelle de la rhétorique de la diversité à l’entretien d’un racisme « ordinaire ».
Rapport à l’école de parents récemment immigrés. Contexte migratoire et représentations sociales
Authors: Charette Josée , Kalubi Jean-Claude
Published: June 2018

Cet article vise à mieux comprendre les représentations sociales (RS) de parents immigrants sur l’école et la scolarisation de leurs enfants en considérant des éléments relatifs à leur prémigration et à leur établissement dans la société d’accueil. Par une démarche qualitative, exploratoire et interprétative, des données ont été recueillies auprès de 25 familles immigrées au Québec depuis 6 mois à 9 ans. Nos résultats montrent la nécessité de considérer la rationalité de la migration pour mieux comprendre les prises de position de parents sur la persévérance scolaire. La prise en considération de défis liés à l’insertion socioprofessionnelle et au processus d’acculturation apporte également un éclairage sur des prises de position de parents à l’égard de l’enseignement de l’anglais et de valeurs de socialisation véhiculées à l’école ou perçues comme telles.
Antibiotic-induced changes in the microbiota disrupt redox dynamics in the gut
Authors: Reese Aspen T , Cho Eugenia H , Klitzman Bruce , Nichols Scott P , Wisniewski Natalie A , Villa Max M , Durand Heather K , Jiang Sharon , Midani Firas S , Nimmagadda Sai N , O'Connell Thomas M , Wright Justin P , Deshusses Marc A , David Lawrence A
Published: June 2018

How host and microbial factors combine to structure gut microbial communities remains incompletely understood. Redox potential is an important environmental feature affected by both host and microbial actions. We assessed how antibiotics, which can impact host and microbial function, change redox state and how this contributes to post-antibiotic succession. We showed gut redox potential increased within hours of an antibiotic dose in mice. Host and microbial functioning changed under treatment, but shifts in redox potentials could be attributed specifically to bacterial suppression in a host-free ex vivo human gut microbiota model. Redox dynamics were linked to blooms of the bacterial family Enterobacteriaceae. Ecological succession to pre-treatment composition was associated with recovery of gut redox, but also required dispersal from unaffected gut communities. As bacterial competition for electron acceptors can be a key ecological factor structuring gut communities, these results support the potential for manipulating gut microbiota through managing bacterial respiration.
Scraping marking behaviour of the largest Neotropical felids
Authors: Palomares Francisco , González-Borrajo Noa , Chávez Cuauhtémoc , Rubio Yamel , Verdade Luciano M. , Monsa Rocio , Harmsen Bart , Adrados Begoña , Zanin Marina
Published: June 2018

Background

Details of how, why and in what conditions large felids make scrapes is unknown. Here, we examined the general hypothesis about the use of scrapes for marking proposals, as well as to communicate with other individuals to signalize particular points or areas of interest, by studying scrape-marking behaviour of jaguars and pumas.

Methods

We surveyed by scrapes between five days and two months mainly during dry season in five study areas from Mexico (El Edén and San Ignacio), Belize (Cockscomb) and Brazil (Angatuba and Serra das Almas), which differed in presence and/or abundance of jaguars and pumas. Paths were slowly walked while searching for scrapes by teams normally composed of two people and tracks were stored in GPS, distinguishing the type of path surveyed (unpaved track roads, trails and cross-country).

Results

We found a total of 269 felid scrapes along 467 km of paths surveyed, obtaining a finding rate of 0.576 scrapes per km. Most scrapes were found in car tracks (0.629 scrapes per km), followed by trails (0.581 scrapes per km), and rarely did we find scrapes in cross country (0.094 scrapes per km). In trails, scrapes were found in a similar frequency in the centre and edge, whereas in car tracks they were mainly found in the edge. There were also clear differences in the position of the scrapes between study areas that differed in presence and/or abundance of pumas and jaguars, with scrapes located mainly in the centre in areas only with pumas, in the centre and in the edge in areas with a similar number of jaguars and pumas, and in the edge in area mainly dominated by jaguars. The remarking rate tended to be higher in one of the areas with only pumas where natural vegetation was scarcer. Felids chose sites mainly covered by leaves and located in paths less wide, clean and rarely used.

Discussion

Scraping was a frequent behaviour in the largest felids of America, although in some areas, scraping behaviour was rare. Scrapes seem to be signalizing some specific areas within territories and data suggest that they are made with the proposal of communication between individuals. It seems that a high scraping behaviour in pumas is not related to the presence of jaguars.
A comparative study of the gastric ossicles of Trichodactylidae crabs (Brachyura: Decapoda) with comments on the role of diet and phylogeny in shaping morphological traits
Authors: Carvalho Débora A. , Collins Pablo A. , Lima-Gomes Renata , Magalhães Célio , Torres Maria Victoria , Williner Verónica
Published: June 2018

The gastric armature of decapod foregut is a feeding structure that sparks controversial debates about the role dietary and historical components have in shaping its morphological traits. Having previous information about the natural diet is an interesting way to gather evidence on this issue. For the present study, we analyzed the morphological traits of gastric ossicles involved directly in the maceration of food in nine species of freshwater crabs of the family Trichodactylidae (Brachyura: Decapoda) representing five genera, three tribes and two subfamilies. The analyzed gastric ossicles were quite consistent among closely related species, suggesting that the observed traits had a clear phylogenetic component. However, it was also noted that the morphological traits of the gastric teeth of trichodactylid crabs match well with the natural diet and presented likeness with general features of other species with a similar trophic habit. We discuss the influence of phylogeny and function on the design of morphological traits and propose to quantify the role of phylogeny and function in shaping morphological traits through the analysis of phylogenetic signals.
Floating nurseries? Scyphozoan jellyfish, their food and their rich symbiotic fauna in a tropical estuary
Authors: Riascos José M. , Aguirre Willington , Hopfe Charlotte , Morales Diego , Navarrete Ángela , Tavera José
Published: June 2018

Background

The anthropogenic modification of trophic pathways is seemingly prompting the increase of jellyfish populations at the expense of planktivorous fishes. However, gross generalizations are often made because the most basic aspects of trophic ecology and the diverse interactions of jellyfish with fishes remain poorly described. Here we inquire on the dynamics of food consumption of the medusoid stage of the scyphozoan jellyfishStomolophus meleagrisand characterize the traits and diversity of its symbiotic community.

Methods

S. meleagrisand their associated fauna were sampled in surface waters between November 2015 and April 2017 in Málaga Bay, an estuarine system at the Colombian Pacific. Stomach contents of medusae were examined and changes in prey composition and abundance over time analysed using a multivariate approach. The associated fauna was identified and the relationship between the size of medusae and the size those organisms tested using least-square fitting procedures.

Results

The presence ofS. meleagrismedusa in surface waters was seasonal. The gut contents analysis revealed that algae, copepods and fish early life stages were the more abundant items, and PERMANOVA analysis showed that the diet differed within the seasons (P(perm) = 0.001) but not between seasons (P(perm) = 0.134). The majority of the collected medusae (50.4%) were associated with individuals of 11 symbiotic species, 95.3% of them fishes, 3.1% crustaceans and 1.6% molluscs. Therefore, this study reports 10 previously unknown associations. The bell diameter ofS. meleagriswas positively related to the body sizes of their symbionts. However, a stronger fit was observed when the size relationship betweenS. meleagrisand the fishHemicaranx zeloteswas modelled.

Discussion

The occurrence ofS. meleagriswas highly seasonal, and the observed patterns of mean body size through the seasons suggested the arrival of adult medusae to the estuary from adjacent waters. The diet ofS. meleagrisin the study area showed differences with previous reports, chiefly because of the abundance of algae that are seemingly ingested but not digested. The low number of zooplanktonic items in gut contents suggest the contribution of alternative food sources not easily identifiable. The observed changes in the composition of food in the guts probably reflect seasonal changes in the availability of prey items. The regular pattern in the distribution of symbionts among medusae (a single symbiont per host) and the positive host-symbiont size relationship reflects antagonistic intraspecific and interspecific behaviour of the symbiont. This strongly suggest that medusa represent an “economically defendable resource” that potentially increases the survival and recruitment of the symbionts to the adult population. We argue that, if this outcome of the symbiotic association can be proven, scyphozoan jellyfish can be regarded as floating nurseries.
Guardians of Oocyte Quality
Authors: Ruebel Meghan L , Latham Keith E
Published: June 2018

Oocyte quality is fundamental to assisted reproduction, agricultural livestock productivity and species preservation. Mammalian oocytes develop in close coordination with somatic follicle cells of the ovary, and manifest remarkable molecular mechanisms that serve as guardians of oocyte quality and integrity. Genome and mitochondrial integrity are major aspects of oocyte quality determination. Ongoing research is revealing the details of these mechanisms, and how they help protect oocytes from detrimental effects of exogenous factors.

Key Concepts

Oocyte quality is essential for assisted reproduction success.

Development of the oocyte involves an intricate set of bidirectional signals between the oocyte, cumulus cells and follicular fluid components, which can impact the quality of the oocyte.

Chromosome segregation and adaptability to DNA damage are critical for the integrity of oocyte's genome.

Energy production, proper distribution of mitochondria and regulation of fusion/fission are essential for maintaining the integrity of the mitochondria and oocyte developmental competence.

Overall, oocyte maturation and development is a highly regulated process, and disruption in this process could comprise the mitochondrial and genomic integrity, further impacting the health of the oocytes.

There are a variety of extrinsic factors, such as maternal health, maternal diet and environmental exposures, that can further impact oocyte quality.

Therapies such as antioxidant, melatonin, CoQ10 and resveratrol treatments have been suggested to improve oocyte quality, but more studies are needed to determine efficacy.

Novel biomarkers of oocyte quality need to be discovered.
The 3′
UTR
Landscape in Cancer
Authors: Schmidt Ralf , Ghosh Souvik , Zavolan Mihaela
Published: June 2018

Oncogenesis is tightly connected with dysregulated gene expression. Alterations occur at many levels, including in posttranscriptional regulatory elements that control the stability, cellular localisation or translation efficiency of messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs). These elements are located primarily in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of mRNAs. Multiple examples are known of oncogenes whose activity and function become altered owing to changes in their 3′ UTRs. Strikingly, recent studies have uncovered global changes of 3′ UTRs in cancers, going beyond individual genes. Cancer cells express transcripts with systematically shorter 3′ UTRs compared to normal cells. The implications of these changes for cellular biology are poorly understood, but high‐throughput approaches are being developed to uncover the regulators, targets and impact of 3′ UTR‐based regulation. The hope is that a renewed understanding of 3′ UTR alterations can open new therapeutic opportunities.

Key Concepts

The maturation of most messenger RNAs includes 3′ end cleavage followed by the addition of a polyadenosine tail.

Most human protein‐coding genes express multiple isoforms, which can differ, among others, in their 3′ untranslated regions (3′ UTRs).

In proliferating cells, including cancer cells, cleavage and polyadenylation tend to occur at coding region proximal sites, giving rise to isoforms with short 3′ UTRs.

As 3′ UTRs contain binding sites for many RNA‐binding regulatory proteins, it is likely that short 3′ UTR isoforms are less susceptible to posttranscriptional regulation.

A role of 3′ UTR length changes in the progression and prognosis of cancers has been proposed.
Blended Learning: The Future of
ELT
?
Authors: Tomlinson Brian
Published: June 2018

More and more language courses are being delivered digitally. Many students are happy with the affordances and extra learning opportunities which this provides but many miss the support and stimulus of a teacher. This entry looks at the potential benefits of learners working from their computer or mobile and considers in particular the extra choice of texts, tasks, and methodology this offers, as well as the possibility of recycling, of instant feedback and of communication with multiple interactants. It also considers the dangers of relying exclusively on digital delivery of materials and highlights what cannot be achieved without contact with a teacher and with a community of learners. In conclusion it suggests that the optimum approach to course design and delivery might be a blended learning approach in which digital delivery and face‐to‐face interaction are combined so as to gain from the potential benefits of both.