bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gene expression profiling in porocarcinoma indicates heterogeneous tumor development and substantiates poromas as precursor lesions
Authors: Holst Svenja , Weber Anna K. , Meier Friedegund , Otte Jörg , Petzsch Patrick , Reifenberger Julia , Wachtmeister Thorsten , Westphal Dana , Ziemer Mirjana , Wruck Wasco , Adjaye James , Betz Regina C. , Rütten Arno , Surowy Harald M. , Redler Silke
Published: June 2024

Background and objectives

Malignant sweat gland tumors are rare, with the most common being eccrine porocarcinoma (EP). Approximately 18% of benign eccrine poroma (EPO) transit to EP. Previous research has provided first insights into the mutational landscape of EP. However, only few studies have performed gene expression analyses. This leaves a gap in the understanding of EP biology and potential drivers of malignant transformation from EPO to EP.

Methods

Transcriptome profiling of 23 samples of primary EP and normal skin (NS). Findings from the EP samples were then tested in 17 samples of EPO.

Results

Transcriptome profiling revealed diversity in gene expression and indicated biologically heterogeneous sub‐entities as well as widespread gene downregulation in EP. Downregulated genes included CD74, NDGR1, SRRM2, CDC42, ANXA2, KFL9 and NOP53. Expression levels of CD74, NDGR1, SRRM2, ANXA2, and NOP53 showed a stepwise‐reduction in expression from NS via EPO to EP, thus supporting the hypothesis that EPO represents a transitional state in EP development.

Conclusions

We demonstrated that EP is molecularly complex and that evolutionary trajectories correspond to tumor initiation and progression. Our results provide further evidence implicating the p53 axis and the EGFR pathway. Larger samples are warranted to confirm our findings.
High consistency of cheating and honesty in early childhood
Authors: Zheng Yi , Lee Kang , Zhao Li
Published: June 2024

Three preregistered studies examined whether 5‐year‐old children cheat consistently or remain honest across multiple math tests. We observed high consistency in both honesty and cheating. All children who cheated on the first test continued cheating on subsequent tests, with shorter cheating latencies over time. In contrast, 77% of initially honest children maintained honesty despite repeated failure to complete the tests successfully. A brief integrity intervention helped initially honest children remain honest but failed to dissuade initially cheating children from cheating. These findings demonstrate that cheating emerges early and persists strongly in young children, underscoring the importance of early prevention efforts. They also suggest that bolstering honesty from the start may be more effective than attempting to remedy cheating after it has occurred.

Research Highlights

Our research examines whether 5‐year‐old children, once they have started cheating, will continue to do so consistently.

We also investigate whether 5‐year‐old children who are initially honest will continue to be honest subsequently.

We discovered high consistency in both honesty and cheating among 5‐year‐old children.

Almost all the children who initially cheated continued this behavior, while those who were honest stayed honest.

A brief integrity‐boosting intervention successfully helped 5‐year‐old children maintain their honesty. However, the same intervention failed to deter cheaters from cheating again.

These findings underscore the importance of implementing integrity intervention as early as possible, potentially before children have had their first experience of cheating.
Real‐life hypoglycaemia partially blunts the inflammatory response to experimental hypoglycaemia in people with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Ajie Mandala , van Heck Julia I. P. , Verhulst Clementine E. M. , Fabricius Therese W. , Hendriksz Marijn S. , McCrimmon Rory J. , Pedersen‐Bjergaard Ulrik , de Galan Bastiaan , Stienstra Rinke , Tack Cees J.
Published: June 2024

Aim

To determine whether recent repeated exposure to real‐life hypoglycaemia affects the pro‐inflammatory response during a hypoglycemia episode.

Materials and Methods

This was a post hoc analysis of a hyperinsulinaemic normoglycaemic‐hypoglycaemic clamp study, involving 40 participants with type 1 diabetes. Glucose levels 1 week before the clamp were monitored using a Freestyle Libre 1. Blood was drawn during normoglycaemia and hypoglycaemia, and 24 hours after resolution of hypoglycaemia for measurements of inflammatory responses and counterregulatory hormone levels. We determined the relationship between the frequency and duration of spontaneous hypoglycaemia, and time below range (TBR) and the inflammatory response to experimental hypoglycaemia.

Results

On average, participants experienced 0.79 (0.43, 1.14) hypoglycaemia episodes per day, with a duration of 78 (47, 110) minutes and TBR of 5.5% (2.8%, 8.5%). TBR and hypoglycaemia frequency were inversely associated with the increase in circulating granulocyte and lymphocyte counts during experimental hypoglycaemia (P < .05 for all). A protein network consisting of DNER, IF‐R, uPA, Flt3L, FGF‐5 and TWEAK was negatively associated with hypoglycaemia frequency (P < .05), but not with the adrenaline response. Neither other counterregulatory hormones, nor hypoglycaemia awareness status, was associated with any of the inflammatory parameters markers.

Conclusions

Repeated exposure to spontaneous hypoglycaemia is associated with blunted effects of subsequent experimental hypoglycaemia on circulating immune cells and the number of inflammatory proteins.
Battling for hearts and minds: Sources of Turkish, Iranian, and Saudi soft power in the Middle East
Authors: Kelkitli Fatma Aslı
Published: June 2024

This article examines the sources of Turkish, Iranian, and Saudi soft power in the Middle East through the utilization of Joseph Nye's soft power concept. The study is based on three claims. The first claim argues that there exists an increasing discrepancy between espoused values and actual practices in Turkey, Iran, and Saudi Arabia at home, which may undermine their soft power. The second claim contends that cognizant of the fact that the Palestinian cause is a major concern for most of the Middle Eastern people, all of the three states pursue an active foreign policy to alleviate the plight of the Palestinians. Finally, the last claim upholds that Turkey, Iran, and Saudi Arabia have been benefitting, albeit to varying extents, from high culture products such as education and popular culture products such as mass entertainment and tourism to appeal to the public in the Middle East.
Origin of the Red‐veined Darter dragonflies migrating into the European part of Russia revealed by stable isotopes of hydrogen
Authors: Borisov Alexey S. , Borisov Sergey N. , Iakovlev Ivan K. , Onishko Vladimir V. , Ganin Mikhail Yu. , Tsurikov Sergey M. , Tiunov Alexei V.
Published: June 2024

Dragonflies are well‐known migratory insects, and stable isotopes have been used successfully to study their migrations in America and Asia but less so in Europe.

Here we used the isotopic composition of hydrogen (δ2H value) in metabolically inert wing tissues of the dragonfly Sympetrum fonscolombii (Selys, 1840) to investigate migration patterns and likely origin of immigrants into the European part of Russia. During spring–summer, sexually mature dragonflies arrive to Russia for reproduction and individuals of the summer generation (descendants of immigrants) presumably migrate in the opposite direction in the fall.

Analyses included 39 specimens of immigrant S. fonscolombii dragonflies, 11 specimens from 3 species of resident dragonflies (including S. fonscolombii) from the European part of Russia and 16 specimens representing 9 resident dragonfly species from Iran.

The average δ2H values of the wings of immigrant S. fonscolombii (−71.9 ± 23.4‰) were significantly higher than those of resident dragonflies in European Russia (−121.7 ± 9.5‰) and similar to those of resident dragonfly species from Iran (−72.3 ± 18.4‰).

Based on a geostatistical model of the global δ2H values in precipitation, and considering the distribution of S. fonscolombii, the most probable natal area of immigrants arriving in European Russia is located in Southwest Asia. The suggested migration zone covers regions located between approximately 26°–28° N in the south and 56°–58° N in the north, while the migration distance can reach 2000–4000 km.
Effect of orthotopic neobladder reconstruction on quality of life: A systematic review
Authors: Özer Özlü Nazife Gamze , Çolak Sevgi , Vural Fatma
Published: June 2024

How does orthotopic neobladder reconstruction in the surgical treatment of bladder cancer patients affect the quality of life? In the literature, the results affecting the quality of life from patient‐reported outcome measures in bladder cancer patients who underwent orthotopic neobladder are not fully known. In this systematic review, the effect of orthotopic neobladder reconstruction on the quality of life in patients with bladder cancer is examined. Literature search was conducted within the framework of PRISMA guidelines and PICO. The research question was conducted in line with the core elements of Population, Concept and Context (PCC) proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology. In the study, international studies published in Medline/PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, ProQuest and Scopus databases between 2012 and 2022 and accessible with the keywords ‘quality of life, ileal conduit, orthotopic neobladder, and continent diversion’ were reviewed. Methodological evaluation was performed by three independent authors with the JBI checklist. Six cross‐sectional studies with 1485 samples and 12 prospective cohort studies with 1555 samples were included in the review. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the checklists was 0.98 in cross‐sectional studies and 0.97 in prospective cohort studies. In studies, it was observed that the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer‐Quality of Life (EORTC‐Quality of Life) scale was mostly used in patients' quality of life. In cross‐sectional studies, there is no difference in quality of life between orthotopic neobladder and continent diversions, the quality of life related to bowel function is high in orthotopic neobladder, the quality of life related to urinary and sexual function is low, different surgical techniques in orthotopic neobladder do not affect the quality of life between women and men. It was determined that the factors affecting the quality of life were different and that chemotherapy and radiotherapy had different effects on the quality of life. In prospective cohort studies, it was found that comorbid diseases affect the quality of life, but orthotopic neobladder improves the quality of life of patients in the long term, there is no difference in quality of life between incontinent and continent diversions, and orthotopic neobladder has a positive effect on quality of life, especially in women. The studies conducted show that the studies on the quality of life of patients with orthotopic neobladder are limited and studies with strong effect sizes are needed. This review recommends that more studies be conducted to improve the physical‐psychological health, social relationships and environmental quality of life of patients with orthotopic neobladder and that support programs be developed for these patients.
Antibacterial mechanism and structure–activity relationships of Bombyx mori cecropin A
Authors: Tian Yuyuan , Wei Hongxian , Lu Fuping , Wu Huazhou , Lou Dezhao , Wang Shuchang , Geng Tao
Published: June 2024

Bombyx mori cecropin A (Bmcecropin A) has antibacterial, antiviral, anti‐filamentous fungal and tumour cell inhibition activities and is considered a potential succedaneum for antibiotics. We clarified the antibacterial mechanism and structure–activity relationships and then directed the structure–activity optimization of Bmcecropin A. Firstly, we found Bmcecropin A shows a strong binding force and permeability to cell membranes like a detergent; Bmcecropin A could competitively bind to the cell membrane with the cell membrane‐specific dye DiI, then damaged the membrane for the access of DiI into the cytoplasm and leading to the leakage of electrolyte and proteins. Secondly, we found Bmcopropin A could also bind to and degrade DNA; furthermore, DNA library polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results indicated that Bmcecropin A inhibited DNA replication by non‐specific binding. In addition, we have identified C‐terminus amidation and serine‐lysine‐ glycine (SLG) amino acids of Bmcecropin A played critical roles in the membrane damage and DNA degradation. Based on the above results, we designed a mutant of Bmcecropin A (E9 to H, D17 to K, K33 to A), which showed higher antibacterial activity, thermostability and pH stability than ampicillin but no haemolytic activity. Finally, we speculated that Bmcecropin A damaged the cell membrane through a carpet model and drew the schematic diagram of its antibacterial mechanism, based on the antibacterial mechanism and the three‐dimensional configuration. These findings yield insights into the mechanism of antimicrobial peptide–pathogen interaction and beneficial for the development of new antibiotics.
Impact of an evidence‐based bundle on incontinence‐associated dermatitis prevalence in hospital patients: A quasi‐experimental translational study
Authors: Barakat‐Johnson Michelle , Stephenson John , Lai Michelle , Basjarahil Shifa , Campbell Jayne , Cunich Michelle , Disher Gary , Geering Samara , Ko Natalie , Leahy Catherine , Leong Thomas , McClure Eve , O'Grady Melissa , Walsh Joan , White Kate , Coyer Fiona
Published: June 2024

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of an intervention on the prevalence and severity of incontinence‐associated dermatitis (IAD) in six hospitals in one state in Australia. This quasi‐experimental pre‐and post‐study, conducted in 18 wards, was part of a larger implementation science study on incontinence‐associated dermatitis. Skin and incontinence assessments were conducted on patients during February and March 2020 (pre‐intervention) and July and August 2021 (post‐intervention). The intervention comprised continence assessment and management, an education brochure for patients, family and caregivers on IAD, the Ghent Global IAD Categorisation Tool (GLOBIAD) and a skin care regime with patient skin protection measures (three‐in‐one barrier cream cloths, minimisation of bed protection layers, use of appropriate continence aid). A total of 1897 patients were assessed (pre‐intervention = 964, post‐intervention = 933). A total of 343 (35.6%) pre‐intervention patients and 351 (37.6%) post‐intervention patients had incontinence. The prevalence of hospital‐acquired IAD was 6.71% in the pre‐intervention group and 4.27% in the post‐intervention group; a reduction of 36.3% (p = 0.159) despite higher patient acuity, prevalence of double incontinence and the COVID‐19 pandemic in the post‐intervention group compared with the pre‐intervention group. Our multisite best practice IAD prevention and treatment intervention was able to reduce the prevalence and severity of hospital‐acquired IAD, suggesting enduring effectiveness of the intervention.
The voice of retail investors and corporate earnings quality
Authors: Cai Guilong , Lin Bingxuan , Lu Rui , Zhang Yanan
Published: June 2024

Chinese stock exchanges have launched two investor interactive exchange platforms (IIEPs) to facilitate communication between retail investors and listed companies. Using retail investor posts on the IIEPs as a proxy for monitoring by minority shareholders, we show that minority shareholders can play an active monitoring role in corporate governance and improve earnings quality. We identify coordination among minority shareholders and increased regulatory scrutiny as key mechanisms through which IIEPs exert their influence. This form of monitoring proves critical, especially in the absence or ineffectiveness of traditional oversight bodies like institutional investors, auditors and government regulators. Our findings underscore the constructive role of minority shareholders in corporate governance, challenging the notion of them as passive free riders. Implementing IIEPs could be a valuable model for other nations looking to bolster minority shareholder rights.
Regulation of biofilm gene expression by DNA replication in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Wu Renjie , Kong Ling‐Xing , Liu Feng
Published: June 2024

Bacillus subtilis relies on biofilms for survival in harsh environments. Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) is a crucial component of biofilms, yet the dynamics of EPS production in single cells remain elusive. To unveil the modulation of EPS synthesis, we built a minimal network model comprising the SinI‐SinR‐SlrR module, Spo0A, and EPS. Stochastic simulations revealed that antagonistic interplay between SinI and SinR enables EPS production in bursts. SlrR widens these bursts and increases their frequency by stabilizing SinR‐SlrR complexes and depleting free SinR. DNA replication and chromosomal positioning of key genes dictate pulsatile changes in the slrR:sinR gene dosage ratio (gr) and Spo0A‐P levels, each promoting EPS production in distinct phases of the cell cycle. As the cell cycle lengthens with nutrient stress, the duty cycle of gr pulsing decreases, whereas the amplitude of Spo0A‐P pulses elevates. This coordinated response facilitates keeping a constant proportion of EPS‐secreting cells within colonies across diverse nutrient conditions. Our results suggest that bacteria may ‘encode’ eps expression through strategic chromosomal organization. This work illuminates how stochastic protein interactions, gene copy number imbalance, and cell‐cycle dynamics orchestrate EPS synthesis, offering a deeper understanding of biofilm formation.
Evaluating the relationship between facility Age‐Friendly recognition and subsequent facility‐free days in older Veterans
Authors: Burke Robert E. , Tjader Andrew , Church Kimberly , Munro Shannon , Rose Liam
Published: June 2024

Background

Thousands of health systems have been recognized as “Age‐Friendly” for implementing geriatric care practices aligned with the “4Ms” (What Matters, Medication, Mentation, and Mobility). However, the effect of Age‐Friendly recognition on patient outcomes is largely unknown. We sought to identify this effect in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA)—one of the largest Age‐Friendly integrated health systems in the United States.

Methods

There were 50 VA medical centers (VAMCs) recognized as Age‐Friendly by December 2021. We used a time‐event difference‐in‐difference analysis to identify the association of a VAMC's recognition as Age‐Friendly on the change in facility‐free days (days outside the hospital or nursing home) among Veterans treated at that facility. We also evaluated this association in three subgroups: Veterans at particularly high risk of nursing home entry, Veterans who lived within 10 miles of a medical center, and facilities that had reached Level 2 Age‐Friendly recognition. We also evaluated individual components of the endpoint in terms of change in hospital and nursing home days separately.

Results

We found Age‐Friendly recognition was associated with small statistically significant improvements in facility‐free days (0.2% on a base of 97% facility‐free days on average per year, or an additional 0.73 days per year on a base of 354 days). There were no differences in any subgroup, or any individual component of the endpoint across all groups.

Conclusions

At the individual level, an increase of 0.2% in facility‐free days is a weak effect. However, sites were early in implementation, and facility‐free days may not be a responsive outcome measure. However, across an entire population, small changes in facility‐free days may accrue large cost savings. Future evaluations should consider a broader variety of process and outcome measures.
KLHL17 differentially controls the expression of AMPA‐ and KA‐type glutamate receptors to regulate dendritic spine enlargement
Authors: Hu Hsiao‐Tang , Hsueh Yi‐Ping
Published: June 2024

Kelch‐like family member 17 (KLHL17), an actin‐associated adaptor protein, is linked to neurological disorders, including infantile spasms and autism spectrum disorders. The key morphological feature of Klhl17‐deficient neurons is impaired dendritic spine enlargement, resulting in the amplitude of calcium events being increased. Our previous studies have indicated an involvement of F‐actin and the spine apparatus in KLHL17‐mediated dendritic spine enlargement. Here, we show that KLHL17 further employs different mechanisms to control the expression of two types of glutamate receptors, that is, α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) and kainate receptors (KARs), to regulate dendritic spine enlargement and calcium influx. We deployed proteomics to reveal that KLHL17 interacts with N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive fusion protein (NSF) in neurons, with this interaction of KLHL17 and NSF enhancing NSF protein levels. Consistent with the function of NSF in regulating the surface expression of AMPAR, Klhl17 deficiency limits the surface expression of AMPAR, but not its total protein levels. The NSF pathway also contributes to synaptic F‐actin distribution and the dendritic spine enlargement mediated by KLHL17. KLHL17 is known to act as an adaptor mediating degradation of the KAR subunit GluK2 by the CUL3 ubiquitin ligase complex, and Klhl17 deficiency impairs activity‐dependent degradation of GluK2. Herein, we further demonstrate that GluK2 is critical to the increased amplitude of calcium influx in Klhl17‐deficient neurons. Moreover, GluK2 is also involved in KLHL17‐regulated dendritic spine enlargement. Thus, our study reveals that KLHL17 controls AMPAR and KAR expression via at least two mechanisms, consequently regulating dendritic spine enlargement. The regulatory effects of KLHL17 on these two glutamate receptors likely contribute to neuronal features in patients suffering from certain neurological disorders.

image
Nurses' perceptions of the design, implementation, and adoption of machine learning clinical decision support: A descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Wieben Ann M. , Alreshidi Bader G. , Douthit Brian J. , Sileo Marisa , Vyas Pankaj , Steege Linsey , Gilmore‐Bykovskyi Andrea
Published: June 2024

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to explore nurses' perspectives on Machine Learning Clinical Decision Support (ML CDS) design, development, implementation, and adoption.

Design

Qualitative descriptive study.

Methods

Nurses (n = 17) participated in semi‐structured interviews. Data were transcribed, coded, and analyzed using Thematic analysis methods as described by Braun and Clarke.

Results

Four major themes and 14 sub‐themes highlight nurses' perspectives on autonomy in decision‐making, the influence of prior experience in shaping their preferences for use of novel CDS tools, the need for clarity in why ML CDS is useful in improving practice/outcomes, and their desire to have nursing integrated in design and implementation of these tools.

Conclusion

This study provided insights into nurse perceptions regarding the utility and usability of ML CDS as well as the influence of previous experiences with technology and CDS, change management strategies needed at the time of implementation of ML CDS, the importance of nurse‐perceived engagement in the development process, nurse information needs at the time of ML CDS deployment, and the perceived impact of ML CDS on nurse decision making autonomy.

Clinical Relevance

This study contributes to the body of knowledge about the use of AI and machine learning (ML) in nursing practice. Through generation of insights drawn from nurses' perspectives, these findings can inform successful design and adoption of ML Clinical Decision Support.
Exploration of low‐phosphate diet management of patients receiving renal dialysis: An interpretive description
Authors: Christensen Kenneth M. , Bauer Eithne H. , Prinds Christina
Published: June 2024

Background

Patients with dialysis‐dependent kidney failure and treated for hyperphosphatemia receive a combination of dietary advice, phosphate binders and prolonged dialysis. However, research focusing on the challenges patients meet in everyday life addressing diet and medication is sparse.

Objective

The objective of this study is to explore the everyday challenges patients meet when following treatment for hyperphosphatemia.

Design

Interpretive description was the methodological approach. Semistructured in‐depth interviews were employed to study the challenges patients experienced. Data were analysed using Braun and Clarke's reflexive thematic analysis.

Participants

Patients (n = 14) receiving haemodialysis and treated for hyperphosphatemia from two hospitals in Southern Denmark.

Findings

The analysis resulted in one over‐arching theme; separation in social gatherings and two subthemes; a new social code, and my food and their food. Participants experienced difficulty integrating diet and medication in daily life, especially at social gatherings. They felt separated from others when special menus were provided for them or struggled when choosing between high and low phosphate‐containing food. A new awareness of self and others arose, especially their position among families and friends, and how they presented themselves and their social identity to others. Likewise, a new social code manifested itself, which was difficult to accept. Most participants experienced that diet and medication were accompanied by a moral responsibility of whether to accept prepared food with high phosphorus content or not, which affected commensality.

Conclusion

Patients were often nonadherent to hyperphosphatemia treatment at social gatherings. Hyperphosphatemia treatment led to new social identities with new social codes, which patients found difficult to accept.
Treatment of periodontitis ameliorates the severity and extent of psoriasis—A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Marruganti Crystal , Romandini Mario , Gaeta Carlo , Trovato Emanuele , Cinotti Elisa , Rubegni Pietro , D'Aiuto Francesco , Grandini Simone
Published: June 2024

Aim

To assess the impact of non‐surgical periodontitis treatment over conventional dermatological treatment on the severity and extent of psoriasis in patients affected by comorbid psoriasis and periodontitis.

Methods

Seventy‐four patients affected by both psoriasis and Stages I–IV periodontitis were randomized to receive either Steps 1–2 (non‐surgical) of periodontal therapy (test group; n = 37) or no treatment (control group; n = 37). The two groups were balanced in terms of psoriasis medications, with the majority of the included patients undergoing biologics (74.0%) as monotherapy, while minor proportions were under systemic medications (13.7%) or none/topical/phototherapy (12.3%). The psoriasis area severity index (PASI) was regarded as the primary outcome. The Body Surface Area (BSA) and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) were additionally considered as dermatological outcomes. Probing pocket depth, recession depth, clinical attachment level, periodontal inflamed surface area, and full‐mouth plaque and bleeding scores were also measured. [Correction added on July 5, 2024, after first online publication: The preceding sentence has been revised].

Results

Periodontal therapy in the test group led to statistically significant lower PASI scores at 10 weeks (mean = 3.15; standard deviation [SD] = 3.78) compared to the control group (mean = 7.11; SD = 6.09) (mean difference [MD] = ‐4.0; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −6.3, −1.6; p = .001). The test group also showed improvements in BSA (MD = −4.3) and periodontal parameters compared to the control group. DLQI only showed a non‐statistically significant tendency (MD = −2.0).

Conclusion

Steps 1–2 of periodontal therapy showed an additional effect over conventional dermatological treatment in reducing the severity and extent of psoriasis (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT05311501).
Subclinical infection and potential shedding routes of equine parvovirus‐hepatitis among hospitalized horses in Austria
Authors: Lale Dilara , Dirks Esther E. , Preining Irina , Lyrakis Manolis , Gömer Andre , Steinmann Eike , Cavalleri Jessika‐M. V. , Ramsauer Anna Sophie
Published: June 2024

Background

Equine parvovirus hepatitis (EqPV‐H) can cause Theiler's disease and subclinical hepatitis in horses.

Objectives

Assess the frequency of subclinical EqPV‐H infection in hospitalized horses and to study viral transmission by investigating potential shedding routes.

Animals

One hundred sixteen equids, that presented to the University Equine Hospital of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna between February 2021 and March 2022, for causes other than hepatopathy.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, samples (serum, feces, nasal, and buccal swabs) of hospitalized horses were collected. Sera were screened for the presence of anti‐EqPV‐H antibodies by a luciferase immunoprecipitation system assay. Quantitative PCR was used for the detection of EqPV‐H DNA in the samples and a nested PCR was used for further validation.

Results

Seroprevalence was 10.3% (12/116) and viremia occurred in 12.9% (15/116) of the serologically positive horses. The detected viral load in serum varied from non‐quantifiable amount to 1.3 × 106 genome equivalents per milliliter of serum. A low viral load of EqPV‐H DNA was detected in 2 nasal swabs and 1 fecal sample.

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

EqPV‐H DNA was detected in nasal secretions and feces of viremic horses, which could pose a risk to naive hospitalized horses. It is advisable to screen hospitalized horses that are potential donors of blood or plasma to reduce the risk of iatrogenic EqPV‐H transmission.
Topographic gradient influences vascular epiphyte occurrence in a small watershed covered by a mature coniferous/broadleaf evergreen mixed forest in Japan
Authors: Seto Mifumi , Higa Motoki
Published: June 2024

Aim

At fine scales (<10 km in spatial resolution), only a few studies have evaluated the relationships between abiotic factors and the horizontal occurrence of vascular epiphytes. At fine scales, variation in abiotic variables can be attributed to topographic heterogeneity. For example, air humidity and wind speed are likely to vary along ridge–valley gradients, and differences in slope aspect cause variation in light intensity as well as temperature gradient along an elevation. We tested the hypothesis that the horizontal epiphyte occurrence at fine scales is influenced more by topographic gradients related to abiotic factors than by host tree size and species. We also assessed air humidity variation along the ridge–valley gradient at our study site as a way to explore its possible correlation with the epiphyte occurrence.

Location

A coniferous/broadleaf evergreen mixed forest in a humid temperate zone of Kochi, southwest Japan.

Methods

We surveyed epiphyte occurrence on 310 trees and recorded host tree size and species within a 52‐ha watershed with an elevational range of 378–777 m a.s.l. Epiphyte occurrence was modeled using three topographic variables (ridge–valley gradient, slope aspect differences and elevational gradient), host tree size and species. The effect sizes of each variable were then compared. Air humidity was measured on the valley bottom, slope and ridge throughout the year.

Results

Epiphyte occurrence probability increased toward the valley bottom and on larger host trees; it also varied among host tree species. Slope aspect differences and elevational gradient were less effective. The ridge–valley gradient had a greater effect than host tree size on epiphyte occurrence. Air humidity was highest at the valley bottom and lowest on the ridge.

Conclusions

Horizontal epiphyte occurrence was driven more by topographic gradient than by host tree size and species in a small watershed covered by a warm‐temperate broadleaf forest. This finding suggests the importance of forests at valley bottoms to support epiphyte occurrence.
Editing of upstream regulatory elements advances plant gene silencing
Authors: Li Yuying , Wei Pengcheng
Published: June 2024

This article is a Commentary on Shen et al. (2024); 243: 2501–2511.
Evaluation of post‐activation mandibular remodelling in children with craniofacial microsomia treated with distraction osteogenesis
Authors: Li Xiyuan , Xia Songxia , Li Zhifeng , Zhang Zhiyong
Published: June 2024

Objective

Patients with type IIA craniofacial microsomia (CFM) may benefit from mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) treatment during childhood; however, remodelling of the mandible during the consolidation phase, which may affect the short‐term outcomes of MDO, has not yet been quantitatively analysed using computed tomography. Therefore, we aimed to investigate bone remodelling of the mandible in children with type IIA CFM treated with MDO before distractor removal and the factors that influence ramus vertical elongation efficiency.

Materials and Methods

Twenty‐three children with unilateral CFM were studied between 2020 and 2024. Longitudinal computed tomography data (preoperative, end of active phase and at pre‐distractor removal) were analysed. Condyle positions and the mandibular cant were analysed using a paired‐sample t test. The relapse rates of vertical lengthening and mandibular cant were calculated. The correlation between distraction efficiency and preoperative craniofacial morphology was analysed.

Results

The condyle on the affected side moved upwards and backwards by 28.84 ± 4.08 and 2.85 ± 4.33 mm, respectively during the active phase but lost 7.66 ± 2.64 mm of vertical extension during the consolidation phase. The relapse rates for vertical extension of the condyle and occlusal plane were 27% and 35%, respectively. The ratio of mandibular ramus height was positively related to EV.

Conclusions

In children with CFM, attention should be paid to vertical elongation instability and relapse of mandibular inclination during consolidation. Severe mandibular ramus hypoplasia is a preoperative risk factor for vertical skeletal relapse during consolidation. Further efforts are required to reduce the stress that leads to relapse.
Does Screw Number of Zero‐profile Implants in Fusion Segment Influence Intervertebral Stability?
Authors: Peng Zihan , Deng Yuxiao , Sheng Xiaqing , Liu Hao , Li Ye , Hong Ying , Pan Xiaoli , Meng Yang
Published: June 2024

Objective

The unclear clinical outcomes of two different zero‐profile implants with different number of screws in hybrid surgery restricts the choice of patient‐specific implants. This study aims to compare two different implants on its postoperative subsidence, motion stabilization and clinical outcomes. It also provides references to the most reasonable implant choice in fusion surgery.

Methods

This was a retrospective study. From February 2014 to March 2022, 173 patients who underwent hybrid surgery were included. Among them, 122 received surgery with a four screw implant, while 51 received a two screw implant. We analyzed the significance of patient‐specific factors, radiographic factors and clinical outcomes. The Wilcoxon rank sum test, t tests/analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and stepwise multivariate logistic regression were adopted for statistical analysis.

Results

No statistically significant difference was observed between the two screw and four screw groups in terms of immediate, middle, and long‐term stability and fusion rate (p > 0.05). However, the two screws group had higher FSU height subsidence at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively and higher rates of significant subsidence at three and 6 months postoperatively (p < 0.05). Both groups showed significant clinical improvements at the final follow‐up.

Conclusion

Two screw and four screw implants provide comparable stability, fusion rates and clinical outcomes. However, the two screw implant was inferior to the four screw implant in subsidence prevention. Therefore, the two‐screw implant is non‐inferior to the four‐screw implant in most patients. It can be used as the priority choice in the fusion segment by its easy manageability. However, the patients with a high risk of subsidence such as multilevel surgery, the elderly, lower BMD, bad cervical alignment should receive a four screw implant rather than a two screw implant.
Preventing progression of preschool wheezing to asthma: Opportunities for intervention
Authors: Saglani Sejal
Published: June 2024

Recurrent wheezing in preschool children is heterogeneous and results from numerous genetic and environmental risk factors, which result in the same final clinical manifestation of acute episodes of wheezing but have distinct underlying mechanisms. Effective disease‐modifying approaches, therefore, need to target the pathways driving the symptoms. We have good evidence to show that targeting airway eosinophilia alone in early‐life preschool wheezing and using inhaled corticosteroids is not disease‐modifying. Although airway remodelling develops early in preschool wheezing, the challenge is identifying suitable treatments for structural airway changes. There is increasing evidence for the role of lower airway bacterial infection contributing to wheeze episodes, but clinical trials investigating the impact of targeted antibiotic treatment on disease modification are needed. There is also increasing data supporting an association between lower airway neutrophilia and wheezing in a subgroup of preschool children, but direct causation and the role of neutrophil function remain unknown. Finally, there is encouraging preliminary data for the role of inactivated mixed bacterial lysates in children with non‐allergic, infection‐associated wheeze episodes, but the impact on longer‐term outcomes and their mechanism of action is unknown. This review outlines a range of potential novel targets and approaches that may enable secondary prevention of asthma from preschool wheezing. In parallel, the potential for harm when interventions are introduced indiscriminately is highlighted. Some of the challenges that need to be addressed, including trial designs allowing tailored interventions, the need for non‐invasive biomarkers for targeted interventions, and ensuring extended and long‐term follow‐up after intervention, are highlighted.
Photoprotective efficacy of Sunset Yellow via inhibition of type‐I and type‐II pathway under exposure of sunlight
Authors: Singh Saurabh , Mourya Durgesh , Patel Sunil Kumar , Shukla Sachin , Kumar Vijay , Kotian Sumana Y. , Yadav Akhilesh K. , Pandey Alok , Dwivedi Ashish , Tripathi Anurag
Published: June 2024

Exposure to phototoxicants and photosensitizers can result in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress, DNA damage, and various skin‐related issues such as aging, allergies, and cancer. While several photo‐protectants offer defense against ultraviolet radiation (UV‐R), their effectiveness is often limited by photo‐instability. Sunset Yellow (SY), an FDA‐approved food dye, possesses significant UV‐R and visible light absorption properties. However, its photoprotective potential has remained unexplored. Our investigation reveals that SY exhibits remarkable photostability for up to 8 h under both UV‐R and sunlight. Notably, SY demonstrates the ability to quench ROS, including singlet oxygen (1O2), superoxide radicals (), and hydroxyl radicals (·OH) induced by rose bengal, riboflavin and levofloxacin, respectively. Moreover, SY proves effective in protecting against the apoptotic and necrotic cell death induced by the phototoxicant chlorpromazine (CPZ) in HaCaT cells. Further, it was observed that SY imparts photoprotection by inhibiting intracellular ROS generation and calcium release. Genotoxicity evaluation provides additional evidence supporting SY's photoprotective effects against CPZ‐induced DNA damage. In conclusion, these findings underscore the potential of SY as a promising photoprotective agent against the toxic hazards induced by phototoxicants, suggesting its prospective application in the formulation of broad‐spectrum sunscreens.
Resilient austerity? National economic discourses before the pandemic in the European Union
Authors: Moreira Ramalho Tiago , Massart Tom , Crespy Amandine
Published: June 2024

After the euro crisis, politicization patterns led the institutions of the European Union to gradually redirect the bloc's socioeconomic governance away from austerity. It is less clear whether the erosion of austerity was mirrored in national economic discourses. To fill this gap, this article provides a quantitative and qualitative analysis of parliamentary budget debates in four country cases: France, Germany, the Netherlands, and Portugal, from 2014 to 2020. The results show contrasting patterns of “fiscal discipline” frame resilience in national economic discourse in ways consistent with intergovernmental bargaining around the pandemic recovery agenda. Moreover, shared preoccupations relating to investment in the economy, social inequality, and climate change emerge as major threads shaping budget making. These findings suggest an increasingly integrated multi‐level system of economic governance and call for further investigation into the links between ideas shaping EU economic governance and economic discourses in member states.

Related Articles

Pi Ferrer, Laia, and Pertti Alasuutari. 2019. “The Spread and Domestication of the Term ‘Austerity:’ Evidence from the Portuguese and Spanish Parliaments.” Politics & Policy 47(6): 1039–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12331.

Zamponi, Lorenzo, and Lorenzo Bosi. 2016. “Which Crisis? European Crisis and National Contexts in Public Discourse.” Politics & Policy 44(3): 400–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12156.
Neuro‐cardiac‐guided transcranial magnetic stimulation: Unveiling the modulatory effects of low‐frequency and high‐frequency stimulation on heart rate
Authors: Jiao Yunyun , Cheng Chen , Jia Mengnan , Chu Zhaoyang , Song Xiaoyu , Zhang Mengkai , Xu Heng , Zeng Xiao , Sun Jin‐Bo , Qin Wei , Yang Xue‐Juan
Published: June 2024

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is pivotal in the field of major depressive disorder treatment. Due to its unsatisfied response rate, an increasing number of researchers have turned their attention towards optimizing TMS site localization. Since the influence of TMS in reducing heart rate (HR) offers insights into its regulatory impact on the autonomic nervous system, a novel approach, called neurocardiac‐guided TMS (NCG–TMS), has been proposed to pinpoint the brain region eliciting the maximal individual reduction in HR as a personalized optimal stimulation target. The present study intends to systematically explore the effects of stimulation frequency, left and right hemispheres, stimulation positions, and individual differences on HR modulation using the NCG–TMS method. In experiment 1, low‐frequency TMS was administered to 30 subjects, and it was found that low‐frequency NCG–TMS significantly downregulated HR, with more significant effects in the right hemisphere than in the left hemisphere and the prefrontal cortex than in other brain areas. In experiment 2, high‐frequency NCG–TMS stimulation was administered to 30 subjects, showing that high‐frequency NCG–TMS also downregulated HR and had the greatest modulatory effect in the right prefrontal region. Simultaneously, both experiments revealed sizeable individual variability in the optimal stimulation site, which in turn validated the feasibility of the NCG–TMS method. In conclusion, the present experiments independently replicated the effect of NCG–TMS, provided an effect of high‐/low‐frequency TMS stimulation to downregulate HR, and identified a right lateralization of the HR modulation effect.
Back to the roots of perceived burdensomeness: The potential role of perceived contribution
Authors: Hill Ryan M. , Tucker Raymond P. , Hendley Tyler , Starkey Austin , Pettit Jeremy W.
Published: June 2024

Background

The Interpersonal‐Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS), identifies perceived burdensomeness as a critical factor in the development of suicidal ideation. Measurement of perceived burdensomeness using the INQ in research has predominantly focused on liability toward others. Recent studies have demonstrated the role of perceived contribution toward others as an aspect of perceived burdensomeness. This study proposes a hypothesized transactional model of perceived burdensomeness, in which perceived burdensomeness can be viewed as the balance between perceived contributions and perceived liability to others.

Method

Participants (n = 1112) were college students (M age = 18.86 years, SD = 1.50) who completed survey measures. Participants were predominantly cisgender women (73.6%), heterosexual (78.8%), and white (58.3%).

Results

Perceived contribution was negatively associated with perceived burdensomeness, suicidal ideation, and psychological pain after controlling for perceived liability. Further, the difference between perceived contributions and perceived liability accounted for variability in suicidal ideation after controlling for INQ perceived burdensomeness.

Discussion

The inclusion of perceived contribution as an element of perceived burdensomeness may offer new opportunities for clinical formulation and intervention. Future research is needed to further evaluate the proposed transactional model of perceived burdensomeness.
Poly‐d,l‐lactic acid‐enhanced atrophic scar treatment via transdermal microjet drug delivery in Asians
Authors: Seo Suk Bae , Wan Jovian , Chan Lisa Kwin Wah , Lee Kar Wai Alvin , Kim Soo‐Bin , Yi Kyu‐Ho
Published: June 2024

Background

Acne vulgaris often results in permanent scars, with atrophic scars being the most common type and posing a significant therapeutic challenge due to their prevalence and impact on patients' quality of life. Various treatment options exist, including the use of poly‐d,l‐lactic acid delivered via different methods.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of poly‐d,l‐lactic acid delivered via laser‐assisted needle‐free microjet injection for treating atrophic scars.

Methods

Five Korean participants with atrophic facial scars were recruited. Poly‐d,l‐lactic acid solution was administered via the Mirajet system in five sessions, with clinical assessments conducted at baseline, before each session, and at 12‐week and 22‐week follow‐ups. Outcome measures included the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale and patient satisfaction scores.

Results

Positive results were observed at the 12‐week and 22‐week follow‐ups, with high patient satisfaction and improvements in atrophic scars and skin texture. Mild discomfort and transient side effects were reported, with no adverse events observed during the follow‐up period.

Conclusion

Poly‐d,l‐lactic acid delivered by a laser‐assisted needle‐free microjet injector was judged to be effective for improving atrophic the facial area. Further research, particularly through randomized controlled trials, is needed to validate these findings and assess the longer‐term safety and sustainability of outcomes.