bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SIMULATION OF PREHEATING AND HEATING WHEN CONNECTING POLYETHYLENE PIPES WITH ELECTROFUSION COUPLINGS
Authors: Starostin N.P. , Ammosova O.A.
Published: November 2024

Existing machines for electrofusion welding of polyethylene pipes provide a high-quality connection at air temperatures no lower than minus 10 °C. However, if welding is required at lower temperatures, a layer of heat-insulating material is used to reduce the cooling rate. This insulation is selected based on the air temperature and the size of the welded pipes. This paper investigates the dynamics of temperature fields at the stages of heating, temperature equalization and heating using a new technology of welding at low temperatures. The proposed technology eliminates the use of thermal insulation material and allows welding to be carried out automatically.The paper presents a mathematical model that describes the thermal process when performing all welding operations at low temperatures. The model describes the thermal process with and without phase transformation. The well-known method of end-to-end calculation with the introduction of effective heat capacity is used to consider the heat of phase transition in the temperature range. The model also considers the dependence of the thermophysical properties of polyethylene on the degree of crystallinity.The following text presents the results of preheating and temperature equalization calculations for welding polyethylene pipes of the PE 100 SDR 11 brand with a diameter of 160 mm at an air temperature of minus 40 °C. To accurately describe the thermal process of real welding, experimental temperature data was used for parametric identification. It is shown that as a result of preheating and temperature equalization in the weld and thermally affected zones and outside them at a distance of more than 10 mm, the temperature values do not exceed acceptable limits. The resulting temperature distribution allows heating according to the standard welding mode. Calculations show that when the heating is completed, the volume of the polyethylene melt corresponds to the volume of the welding melt at the allowed air temperature.These findings can be used to develop a technique for controlling the movement of the crystallization front during welding at low temperatures.
THIN FILM METHANE SENSOR BASED ON CARBON COMPOSITE
Authors: Salikhov R.B. , Yumalin T.T. , Safargalin I. N. , Salikhov T.R. , Vazhdaev K. V.
Published: November 2024

Today, with the oil and gas industry playing a key role in the global energy sector, issues related to the effective control and detection of methane leaks are becoming an integral part of the strategic tasks of the industry. The article is devoted to the research and development of a thin-film sensor for detecting methane in the air using a carbon composite. The technical result of this study is the creation of a highly sensitive and energy efficient sensor for measuring methane concentration. The basis for the sensitive element is a thin film of a carbon composite, consisting of a polymer, single-wall carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide, with aluminum electrodes. The sensor has a number of advantages, including responding to the presence of methane without the need for heating, the simplicity of the sensitive material preparation process, and low cost. The ability to quickly start small-scale production, simplified manufacturing due to the use of only one pair of electrodes, as well as increased energy efficiency due to the absence of the need for heating are also positive characteristics of this device. The study presents the results of manufacturing the sensor, including the steps of cleaning the surface of the substrate, creating a shadow mask, spraying electrodes, forming a thin film of the composite by centrifugation, as well as analyzing the microstructure of the sensor using an atomic force microscope. Also presented are data on obtaining multilayer structures of thin-film resistive sensors based on a polymer matrix nanocomposite, single-wall carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide, including the process of creating electrodes. This study is important for the development of methane monitoring methods in the oil and gas industry and other industrial areas, offering promising technical solutions to ensure environmental and economic sustainability of production.
SECONDARY MINERAL FORMATION IN PRODUCTIVE DEPOSITS OF THE PASHIYSKY HORIZON OF THE SOUTH TATAR ARCH (REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN)
Authors: Savelyeva E.N. , Komilov D.U. , Savelyev D.E. , Davletshina L.A.
Published: November 2024

The article presents the results of studying the postsedimentary mineralization of productive terrigenous deposits of the Pashiysky horizon of the South Tatar arch. The authors' research was carried out on the basis of a large amount of core material from newly studied wells with the involvement of wells from the archival fund. The analytical work included the following methods: classical optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Using these methods, the main types of secondary mineral formation, the form and nature of the allocation of authigenic minerals that form secondary cement were studied, and an assessment of the degree of their influence on the filtration-capacitive properties (FPP) was given. It is shown that sideritization is a fairly common phenomenon in the studied deposits, but it does not have a significant effect on the reduction of the reservoir properties of productive deposits. Detailed optical and mineralogical studies have shown that authigenic siderite in the studied rocks is presented in various forms (spherites, spherulites, oolites and granular grains) and is mostly found in silt varieties. In productive sandstones, an insignificant decrease in the reservoir properties can only be associated with expanding rims in siderite spherites. As shown by the study of the composition of these rims, they are composed mainly of ankerite, in places they contain mangano-siderite. In some samples of the Pashiysky horizon, partial replacement of siderite by iron hydroxides was observed; in isolated wells, thin layers of oolitic siderite-ferruginous rocks were encountered. It was shown that the main influence on the reduction of the filtration-capacity properties of the studied sediments is secondary silification and carbonatization. At the same time, secondary quartz is developed mainly in water-saturated sandstones and heterogeneous silt-sandstones, and, as a rule, is distributed mostly locally. Secondary silica is observed in the form of regeneration rims, xenomorphic grains and is deposited on the walls of pores and channels. A significant effect on the reduction of the porosity and permeability parameters of the productive sandstones of the Pashiysky horizon of the South Tatar arch is exerted by secondary crystalline calcite or dolomite island cement of the basal, basal-pore and poikillite type.
TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS FOR DRILLING WELLS IN CHALLENGING CONDITIONS
Authors: Famiev R.A. , Ovchinnikov V.P. , Shlein G.A. , Khafizov A.R.
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Drilling modern wells in difficult mining and geological conditions poses a number of tasks for engineers that require special solutions. These include instability of borehole walls in difficult geomechanical conditions, drilling of directional wells with long horizontal boreholes and their completion by multi-stage hydraulic fracturing, drilling in conditions of a narrow «window» of drilling mud density, as well as drilling of wells with extended reach from the vertical. The article describes the main difficulties and problems encountered in solving these problems, such as: wellbore collapse, absorption during drilling in difficult geomechanical conditions, the impossibility of running casing strings and liners into wells with a large deviation from the vertical by traditional methods, difficulties in cementing long horizontal liners, running completion for multi-stage hydraulic fracturing of a formation with packers in an open hole, difficulties in drilling in conditions of insignificant difference in pore pressure gradients and hydraulic fracturing. Certain proven solutions are offered to overcome such problems and difficulties, examples of solutions to the described problems are given. Among these solutions are geomechanical modeling with subsequent calculation of wellbore stability, as well as optimization of well trajectories, the product of multi-stage hydraulic fracturing by the Plug & Perf method of isolation and perforation in order to achieve a larger number of stages, as well as solutions for improving the quality of cementing horizontal liners. Pressure-controlled drilling technology and flotation of casing and liners into ERD wells will be considered. It concludes with conclusions about the relevance of the solutions described, the possibility of combining them to increase efficiency or under complex conditions, as well as aspects that require attention when choosing technologies and their implementation, such as the importance of risk assessment and the importance of technical integration of technologies, as well as preliminary calculations and analysis of technology implementation experience.
THE EVOLUTION OF A CLAY CRUST IN A BOREHOLE
Authors: Filippov A. I. , Zelenova M.A. , Levina T.M. , Gubaidullin R.G.
Published: November 2024

Based on the previously proposed quasi-stationary model of clay crust formation when drilling wells in depth intervals with permeable rocks, software was created and computational experiments were performed, which made it possible to clarify the contribution of various physical parameters to the process of its growth.Based on the analysis of the results of computational experiments, the contribution of the physical parameters of the formation and clay crust to the dependence of its size on time has been clarified. The model assumes that the filtration pressure fields are described by stationary piezo conductivity equations. This made it possible to construct explicit dependences of pressure, thickness of the clay crust, radius of the zone of pressure disturbances in the reservoir during drilling and other parameters on time. Simple approximate formulas have been found for the dependence of the thickness of the clay crust, the filtration rate and the radius of the pressure disturbance zone in the reservoir on time, which describe their evolution with high accuracy.Based on the analysis of the calculation results, it was found that the thickness of the clay crust significantly depends on the permeability of the reservoir and repression, and these parameters determine the process of its formation. The porosity of the collector makes a smaller contribution, and the filtration and capacitance parameters of the clay crust have little effect on its thickness.New possibilities for estimating the physical parameters of reservoirs based on cavernometry have been identified. The solution of this problem is especially important for horizontal wells, in which the clay crust intervals have a significant length, and its formation occurs under conditions of a wide range of reservoir properties of the formation. The considered problem is of practical importance, since the zone of penetration of drilling mud filtrate into the formation has a screening effect on the use of geophysical methods to determine reservoir saturation. The results obtained can be used both to improve the interpretation of geophysical methods and to develop those.When conducting computational experiments using an exact formula, the stochastic behavior of the calculated curves was found. It was found that the noted effect is associated with rounding error, and in this sense is a manifestation of the features of the processor. An approach is proposed to eliminate the detected stochastic errors.
The doctrine of proportionality: A proposed solution to human rights infringements in sports adjudication
Authors: van der Merwe Bianca , Cloete Rian
Published: November 2024

The primary aim of this study is to emphasise the importance of applying consistent standards in the adjudication of human rights matters, particularly in the context of sports disputes. This study will investigate the judgments handed down by various courts in matters pertaining to the eligibility of female athletes with Difference of Sex Development to compete in elite competition and the impact thereof on international human rights. Conclusions are drawn regarding the need for a standard approach when considering the legality of limiting human rights in arguing that all courts should apply the same standards required by Human Rights courts when adjudicating human rights issues, even within the realm of sports disputes. The Doctrine of Proportionality is proposed as an appropriate standard to ensure that limitations of fundamental rights are just and reasonable.
Transition from one type of legal proceeding to another after the commencement of the proceedings
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Galkovskaya Natalya G.
Published: November 2024

The author has conducted a detailed analysis of the mechanism of transition from one type of legal proceedings to another after the initiation of proceedings in the court of first instance; the problems of its legal regulation are outlined. The author uses official statistical data to track the effectiveness of the institute of changing the order of consideration of civil and administrative cases. With the help of rich empirical material the problems arising in solving the issue of transformation of procedural order are revealed. General and special methods of scientific research (historical, comparative-legal, method of dialectical cognition, formal-logical method of interpretation of law and method of system analysis) formed the methodological basis of this study. The author has identified the shortcomings of normative-legal regulation of this institute, suggested ways to improve the procedural legislation. The author analyses the procedure of procedural registration of the change of the type of legal proceedings after the initiation of proceedings in the court of first instance. The conclusion is made about the necessity for the court to issue an independent judicial act in the form of a motivated court ruling; the impossibility of its appeal. The question of availability of grounds for transferring the case on jurisdiction to another court has been studied in detail. The author took the position that the transfer of the case to the court of jurisdiction does not contradict the principle of invariability of jurisdiction. It has been established that after the transition the replacement of a judge should not be made arbitrarily, but in accordance with the principles of formation of the composition of the court established in part 3 of article 14 of the Code of Civil Procedure of the RF, part 1 of article 28 of the CAS of the RF, and be fixed by a procedural act. In turn, the absence of the necessary procedural registration of the replacement of judges in the form of a separate definition should be an unconditional ground for the cancellation of a court decision as issued in an illegal composition of the court. The issue of the consequences of procedural actions that were performed before the transition to the implementation of legal proceedings under the rules of another procedural code has been studied separately. Based on the goals and objectives of justice, the grounds for the introduction of the institute of transition from one type of legal proceedings to another, it is proposed to go the way of preserving the legal significance of all procedural actions that were committed before the definition of transition.
Protection of honour and dignity of a judge in criminal proceedings against him or her
Authors:   Kazan Federal University, Epikhin Alexander Yu. ,   Kazan Branch of the Russian State University of Justice, Tasakov Sergey V. ,   Chuvash State University named after N.I. Ulyanov, Grishina Ekaterina P. ,   Russian State University of Justice
Published: November 2024

Criminal proceedings against judges is a serious problem that has not only a complex legal, but also ethical and applied nature, because the public importance of criminal proceedings, involving the use of coercive measures, deprivation of immunity, significantly affects the special procedural status of judges, and criminal prosecution reduces public confidence in the judiciary. Due to these circumstances, the purpose of this article is to find ways to achieve a balance of public principles and private interests. The solution of the problem identified in the article was carried out on the basis of official data of published judicial practice, including - on the resources of information and telecommunication network ‘Internet’, as well as on the analysis of scientific research of domestic scientists. The use of methods of scientific analysis, generalization, comparison and legal modeling allowed the authors to gradually explore and propose a solution with scientific and practical significance to the following problematic issues related to the criminal prosecution of judges: a) restoration of the rights and protection of the honor, dignity and business reputation of judges illegally prosecuted; b) protection of honor and dignity, as well as ensuring the safety of judges against whom a guilty verdict has entered into force, c) activation of the activities of the state and bodies of the judicial community to strengthen and practically implement guarantees of the independence of judicial bodies, respect and compliance with its constituent requirements, as well as maintaining organizational and legal guarantees of the independence of judges, exceptions illegal influence on them when making decisions, including from the position of judicial discretion; d) identification and analysis of the reasons for the illegal criminal prosecution of judges, as well as the proposal of ways to eliminate such situations. The authors come to the following conclusions: 1) cases of convictions against specific judges should not be broadly interpreted as discrediting the entire judicial corps of Russia; 2) criminal prosecution of a judge should not justify any actions aimed at humiliating the honor and dignity of a judge, as well as questioning his business reputation (especially in the media and before sentencing) such actions should be suppressed, and those responsible for their commission should be brought to justice); 3) it is unacceptable to diminish the authority and importance of justice, the prestige of the judicial profession, and a decrease in the level of trust.
Quando l'abuso diventa arte
Authors: Arena Maria Teresa
Published: November 2024

Il lavoro intende ripercorrere le vicende processuali che hanno riguardato le opere di “Fiumara d’arte”, inizialmente considerate alla stregua di meri abusi edilizi e, successivamente, riqualificate come vere e proprie opere d’arte: la storia di come (anche) il diritto ha contribuito alla nascita del “Primo Parco naturale d’arte Italiano”.
Numerical investigation on effects of steel I-section beams on the blast resistance of a stiffened steel tank under blast loading
Authors: Li Yunhao , Lin Song , Xing Zhixiang , Zhang Qi , Pi Yunying , Jiang Juncheng
Published: November 2024

The hazardous chemical storage tank faces a vital explosion risk, making reliability a critical concern. This study investigates the horizontal stiffening ring as an effective anti-blast measure to enhance the reliability of steel tanks under explosive conditions. Through numerical examination based on CONWEP model, we assessed the impact of vertical spacing between adjacent horizontal stiffening rings and their dimensions on the tank's blast resistance and overall structural integrity. The results suggest that a marked improvement in the tank's reliability and blast resistance with the addition of stiffening rings as horizontal stiffeners. The deformation shapes of the stiffened steel tank were less pronounced, and the radial displacements were smaller compared to an unstiffened steel tank. Additionally, the addition of horizontal stiffening rings enhanced the overall stiffness and stability of the steel tank. Furthermore, larger beam dimensions contribute to increased bending and shear stiffness, resulting in smaller deformations and better blast resistance of the steel tank.
CONTEMPORARY CHALLEGES IN THE RESTITUTION OF LOST PROFITS
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Zakharuk Anna , Kravchuk Daryna ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: November 2024

Background. The research is based on the necessity of addressing complex legal issues related to the compensation for lost profits, particularly those arising from conditions of a state of war. The relevance of such analysis is determined by the need to develop effective mechanisms for compensating lost profits and formulating practical recommendations for its recovery in conditions of legal instability. The aim of this study is to elucidate current approaches to understanding the concept of lost profits and to formulate strategies for addressing the issues of its compensation by determining the criteria for satisfying court requirements for its recovery. Methods. The article is grounded in the provisions of civil legislation of Ukraine and other countries, national and international judicial practice, legal doctrine, employing a comparative legal approach, formal-logical methods, as well as methods of analysis, deduction, and generalization. Results. The study examines the issues of proving and determining the extent of lost profits, analysing existing mechanisms for its compensation in conditions of a state of war due to armed aggression, hostilities, terrorist acts, and sabotage committed by the russian federation. Conclusions. The main problematic aspects regarding the procedure of compensation lost profits are highlighted, focusing in the conditions of such compensation. Emphasis is placed on the problem of proving the existence of elements of a civil offense in the actions of the perpetrator of the damage and the availability of proper, admissible, credible evidence for obtaining compensation for lost profits. It is determined that the assessment of damages suffered by the victims is carried out though analytical evaluation, standardized, independent assessment by appraisal entities recognized by the Law of Ukraine "On the Evaluation of Property, Property Rights, and Professional Evaluation Activities in Ukraine", adhering to national standards for property valuation and International Valuation Standards, taking into account the specifics defined by these General Principles and methodologies for assessing damages and losses. Analysing the experience of previous years, considering legislative novelties and subordinate normative legal acts, practical advice for compensating lost profits due to armed aggression by the russian federation is formed, and ways to obtain such compensation are proposed.
GEODETIC MONITORING IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTEGRATED SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT PLANS
Authors:   Poltava State Agrarian University, Poltava, Ukraine, Shevchuk Serhii , Domashenko Halyna ,   Poltava State Agrarian University, Poltava, Ukraine, Kuryshko Roman ,   Poltava State Agrarian University, Poltava, Ukraine
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the article is the development and research of a system for determining complex plans of spatial location and geometric characteristics using geodetic methods. The tasks set in the work are solved by analyzing the database of satellite geodetic and inertial measurement systems. Method. The application of satellite technologies, which allow determining the spatial position in automatic mode (shooting in motion), is a priority direction for solving the tasks of increasing the safety and efficiency of geodetic work in full in accordance with the strategic direction of scientific and technical development. The results. Since the 1950s, an intensive process of electronicization and automation has been observed in geodesy. Electronicization in geodesy made it possible to improve the technologies of performing geodetic works, to achieve higher productivity while increasing the accuracy of measurements. In principle, these processes and problems were internal to topographic and geodetic production and did not affect users directly. The first product that differed from traditional topographic maps and plans was digital terrain models. The first such model of the Earth's surface was created in 1957 in the USA at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It was a model of the relief of the earth's surface and was intended for the design of highways, constructed objects by optimizing project solutions. With the development of electronic computers and data processing methods, new forms of presenting information about the earth's surface began to appear. Currently, the study and research of the natural environment is closely related to the use of geographic information systems and various types of geo-information resources: electronic digital maps and spatial databases, GIS services and many others. Geo-informational software complexes allow you to process a large volume of data obtained during various studies, as well as organize and regulate information that has a spatial reference. Various geographic information systems, such as 3D cartography and virtual reality, are described, which allows creating more visual and understandable representations of geographic information. Geovisualization and 3D modeling provide quick access to geodata. Scientific novelty. The joint use of satellite and inertial measurements for surveying is substantiated, a theoretical solution for data processing is performed, and a methodology for drawing up large-scale plans is proposed. The geodetic component of the development of complex plans has been updated. Practical significance. The obtained results can be used to develop complex spatial development plans with a geodetic component. In addition, the materials of the article can be used in geodetic and cartographic activities.
ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS RELATED TO FLOODS IN UKRAINE
Authors:   Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University, Zhytomyr, Ukrainе, Shevchuk Larysa , Herasymchuk Olena ,   Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University, Zhytomyr, Ukrainе, Vasilieva Liudmyla ,   Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University, Zhytomyr, Ukrainе
Published: November 2024

Aim: To analyze the issues of forecasting, consequence management, and international cooperation in responding to emergencies caused by floods in Ukraine, as well as to assess the causes and consequences of catastrophic floods. To identify effective strategies for preventing and minimizing the negative impacts of floods by implementing advanced international experience and innovative technologies. Methods: The article employed methods of analysis and statistics, which allowed for a detailed study of the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on the occurrence of floods, their dynamics, and intensity. Additionally, a comparative method was used to analyze regulatory documents from different countries, and modeling methods were employed to forecast possible scenarios of flood events. Results: Regions with the highest risk of catastrophic floods were identified, enabling efforts to be focused on the most vulnerable areas. Key regulatory documents governing the actions of authorities and the population during floods were also analyzed, and comparisons were made between such documents in Ukraine and EU countries. Based on the analysis, key principles were formulated for creating a more progressive system of forecasting and responding to catastrophic floods in Ukraine. The research results include recommendations for improving the legal framework, implementing modern monitoring technologies and early warning systems, and enhancing coordination between national and local authorities. Scientific Novelty: Methods for forecasting natural meteorological phenomena in Ukraine and worldwide were analyzed and compared. The study of global experience in responding to and forecasting natural meteorological phenomena highlighted the most effective practices that can be adapted for Ukrainian realities. New approaches were proposed for integrating modern technologies, such as remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS), into the processes of flood forecasting and risk management. Practical Significance: The results of the analysis can be useful for finding ways to implement certain norms of European water legislation on catastrophic floods into the legislative acts of Ukraine. This will contribute to improving flood forecasting and response, reducing risks, and minimizing negative impacts on the population and infrastructure. Practical recommendations can be utilized by government authorities, local governments, and specialized services to develop effective water resource management strategies and flood protection measures.
Electrical Characterization of Compound Semiconductors for Device Applications
Authors: Sharma Aditi
Published: November 2024

This research provides a thorough summary of the electrical characterization methods used in compound semiconductor research for a range of device applications. A variety of electrical and optoelectronic devices find compound semiconductors appealing due to their special qualities. Crucial material properties including carrier concentration, mobility, and trap densities can be determined by using critical characterization techniques like deep-level transient spectroscopy, capacitance-voltage profiling, and Hall effect measurements, as discussed in the abstract. Additionally, it discusses the importance of these characterizations methods for maximizing device reliability and performance, offering insightful information for next developments in compound semiconductor device technology. Semiconductor materials were described utilizing exceptionally constructed photoreflectance balance spectroscopy and photoconductivity spectroscopy arrangements. To make grid matched substrates for the development of Hg1-xCdxTe, which is utilized in infrared locators, the ternary Cd1-xZnxTe blend was investigated to oversee its organization. The composition of CdZnTe standards was ascertained using band gap energy estimates using photoreflectance spectroscopy, which can accurately estimate the energy levels in semiconductors.
Home Movies, Landscape Theory and Film Education: A Case Study from the Polish Archive of Home Movies
Authors: Budzik Justyna Hanna
Published: November 2024

The article is a preliminary study to further research of home movie archives in the context of representing the landscape of the Anthropocene and identifying the relations between humans and their environment in the manifestations of visual culture. The introductory section explains the choice of home movies as the subject of research. In addition, the context of an anthropological understanding of landscape in Tim Ingold’s concept and its relevance for film studies is presented. The next part of the paper is a case study of the Bełżeccy Family Archive from the Polish Archive of Home Movies project, with particular emphasis on examining the film’s form and style in portraying the landscape. The final part contains conclusions and suggestions for transdisciplinary research paths, connecting the exploration of home movie archives with visual culture studies and natural sciences. The presented reflections are meant to inspire educational activities. There are also six examples of tasks to be modified and elaborated by teachers according to group preferences.
Linguistic Creation of Family in Polish-Language Essays by Students with Migration Experience
Authors: Lewińska Aneta , Warda-Radys Lucyna
Published: November 2024

The article presents the linguistic creation of a family reconstructed on the basis of the works of Polish and foreign students from families with migration experience studying in Polish schools in Poland and abroad. In the collected corpus of over 200 works, the young authors created, apart from parents, many other family members, creating images of small and large families functioning in everyday life and during holidays. When creating an image of a family, the young authors used primarily the lexical resources of general Polish, and the analyzed material reflects the joy that comes with writing about family.
Becoming an Urban Cyclist. Mobility Biographies of Bicycle Commuters
Authors: Nowakowski Michał
Published: November 2024

This article presents the results of semi-structured interviews with eight individuals whose primary or significant mode of transportation in the city is the bicycle. The purpose of the analysis was to describe the trajectory of becoming an urban cyclist. During the interview, three stages of bicycle use emerged: childhood, high school, and college and work. These stages were somewhat more clearly separated by interviewees, who were also able to distinguish periods of cycling and noncycling. At the same time, the beginning of a new stage may represent one of the key moments when survey participants may give up cycling (especially the start of high school) or take up the activity anew (e.g., children entering a period of greater independence). In addition, the start of cycling for transportation purposes may be easier to think about for those accustomed to physical activity, and especially for those cycling for recreational or sporting purposes. The city’s bike-sharing system can be a significant factor in initiating the practice of cycling for people who did not own bicycles and/or have not used them for many years.
Changes of the Heart Rhythm in Imbalance of Thyroid Gland Hormones and its Morphology in Outbred Rats
Authors: Rakhmatullov R. F. , Kondratieva K. P. , Sheina A. E. , Dementieva R. E. , Rakhmatullov F. K.
Published: November 2024

Aim. To analyze the relationship between the occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and thyroid dysfunction caused by low concentrations of free triiodothyronine (FT3), free triiodothyronine and free thyroxine (FT3 and FT4), and high concentrations of free thyroxine (FT4) with normal values of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in experiments on outbred rats.Material and methods. The pathogenesis of AF with low concentrations of FT3, FT3 and FT4, and a high concentration of FT4 was studied in an experiment on 146 outbred rats. In the experiment, hypothyroidism, euthyroidism, and thyrotoxicosis were modeled by changing the concentrations of thyroid hormones, and the effect of these conditions on ECG and the incidence of AF was evaluated.Results. The types of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid system response to the L-thyroxine administration in experimental hypothyroidism were identified. A relationship was determined between AF paroxysms and threshold values of thyroid hormones at low concentrations of FT3, FT3 and FT4, and a high concentration of FT4 with normal TSH values. It was shown that achieving the euthyroid status did not reduce the incidence of AF paroxysms by more than 70.0%.Conclusion. In AF with low FT3, low FT3 and FT4, and high FT4, the dose of L-thyroxine must be adjusted.
Management Strategy for Patients With Idiopathic Recurrent Pericarditis. Position Statement of the Experts of the Russian Society оf Cardiology and Eurasian Association of Therapists
Authors: Arutyunov G. P. , Barbarash O. L. , Vezikova N. N. , Galyavich A. S. , Zhirov I. V. , Zyryanov S. K. , Koziolova N. A. , Moiseeva O. M. , Orlova Ya. A. , Petrova M. M. , Poteshkina N. G. , Tarlovskaya E. I. , Tereshchenko S. N. , Chesnikova A. I.
Published: November 2024

Pericarditis as an inflammatory heart disease is rarely discussed in the cardiology community. The latest European guidelines on pericarditis were published in 2015, and Russian clinical guidelines are dated 2022. However, in recent years, a number of publications have appeared that have forced the scientific community to take a fresh look at this problem. This is mainly due to a change in the paradigm of the treatment of idiopathic recurrent pericarditis (IRP) registered in the Russian Federation as a rare (orphan) disease. According to most experts, IRP is an underestimated cardiac disease, which, due to the lack of specific symptoms and the physicians’ alertness regarding the IRP diagnostics, is rarely the subject of scientific discussions. The issues of diagnosis and therapy of IRP in light of the latest reports became the matter under discussion for a group of leading Russian experts chaired by Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor G.P. Arutyunov.
Los costos del crimen y la violencia: ampliación y actualización de las estimaciones para América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: Perez-Vincent Santiago M. , Puebla David , Alvarado Nathalie , Mejía Luis Fernando , Cadena Ximena , Higuera Sebastián , Niño José David
Published: November 2024

El crimen y la violencia representan un obstáculo para el desarrollo en América Latina y el Caribe, afectando a individuos, empresas y gobiernos. Este documento actualiza estudios previos, estimando los costos directos del crimen en 22 países de la región, que ascendieron a 3,4% del PIB en 2022. Estos costos incluyen la pérdida de capital humano por homicidios, los gastos en seguridad por parte de empresas y el gasto público en prevención del delito. El estudio también revisa y sintetiza la literatura reciente sobre los costos indirectos, como los efectos en el crecimiento económico, la inversión, la productividad empresarial, la salud y el medio ambiente. Además, se incorporan tres análisis adicionales que exploran el impacto del crimen en el turismo, la migración y la productividad. En conjunto, estos hallazgos ofrecen una visión amplia de las consecuencias que tienen el crimen y la violencia para las sociedades de la región.
Comprensión lectora y auditiva en la narrativa de estudiantes con TDAH comórbidos con dislexia
Authors: Vieiro-Iglesias Pilar , González-Fernández Mª Dolores
Published: November 2024

El objetivo de este trabajo es comprobar la posible influencia del formato de presentación de la información (situación de lectura vs escucha) en la comprensión de textos narrativos en alumnado con TDAH comórbido con dislexia. Participaron un grupo experimental con media de edad de 8.5 años y un grupo control con media de edad de 8.9 años. Se utilizaron tres medidas para el análisis de la comprensión: la diversidad léxica, los recursos cohesivos y la estructura episódica. Los resultados mostraron ausencia de diferencias significativas en el grupo control en todas las medidas objeto de estudio, pero sí en algunas en el grupo experimental, de tal modo que el uso de recursos cohesivos y diversidad léxica fueron favorecidos por la situación de lectura. Las medidas de estructura episódica no se vieron significativamente afectadas por la modalidad de presentación.
Awards of the Kingdom of Prussia and the German Empire in the State Law Status of the Russian Ruling Dynasty in the 18th to the Early 20th Century
Authors:   Professor of the Department of Legal Disciplines of the Voronezh State Agrarian University Named after Emperor Peter the Great, Liventsev Dmitry V.
Published: November 2024

The article explores the place of awards and insignia of the Prussian Kingdom and the German Empire in the state and legal status of the ruling Russian imperial family in the XVIII — early XX centuries. In addition, attention is paid to the domestic and Western European history of foreign policy.
Economic Constitutionalism in the Era of the Soviet State
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Constitutional and Municipal Law of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), Chupilkina Aygul F.
Published: November 2024

The author characterizes the main tendency of the Russian legal science of recent years called constitutionalization and such unfailingly relevant topic as the economic condition of Russia to review the issues of the status of state economies expressed as the struggle of states for sovereignty; against this background, the article mentions a historical example of the growing economic strength of the USSR reached as a result of development of the State Plan of the USSR, the focus of which was predetermined by succession of the two Soviet constitutions of 1918 and 1924.
A Historical and Legal Analysis of Development of Russian Real Estate Laws
Authors:   enior Lecturer of the Department of Criminal Law and Criminology of the Moscow Region Branch of the Kikot Moscow University, Uglitskikh Dmitry V. , Ranenkova Elena A. ,   Associate Professor of the Department of Criminal Law and Criminology of the Moscow Region Branch of the Kikot Moscow University
Published: November 2024

The article analyzes the formation and development of the institution of property law in Russian civil law, which began with the analysis of the main sources of both pre-revolutionary and Soviet law. The methods of comparative legal and historical-legal analysis were applied in the work to compare the order of legal regulation of relations of the right to immovable property in different historical periods. During the analysis of the emergence of the institution of ownership of real estate at various stages of the country’s development, new approaches to its theoretical understanding have been identified, which confirms the importance of legislative consolidation of this institution. The conducted research allows us to assert that the legislative consolidation of property rights in Russia has passed a long period of development, starting with the awareness of the concept of «property».
Soviet Consumer Cooperation Laws in the Years of the New Economic Policy
Authors:   Senior Lecturer of the Legal Department of the Institute of Economics, Management and Law of the Moscow City University, Krasilnikova Tatyana K.
Published: November 2024

The work is devoted to the disclosure of the mechanism of legislative regulation of the organization and activity of consumer cooperation during the development of market relations in the 20s of the twentieth century in Soviet Russia. The author showed how the Soviet government, having switched to a new economic policy, significantly expanded the range and scope of consumer cooperation activities and assigned it a very responsible position in the economic life of the country, including the performance of functions entrusted to it by the state.
Methodological Problems of Understanding the Link Between Law and Morality
Authors:   Professor of the Department of Theory of State and Law of the Kikot Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Malakhov Valery P.
Published: November 2024

In the article, questions of the methodology of the study of the connection between law and morality appear as a search for its conceptual basis, which would make it possible not to discard, but only to overcome the shortcomings of the dominant stereotyped perception of this connection, formed within the framework of classical and modern German philosophy of law. The essence of the author’s position is that the question of the nature and essence of the connection between law and morality is in the field of comparison of legal and moral consciousness.
Detection of Signs of a Crime When Considering Cases in Civil Proceedings: The Procedure for Exercising the Powers of the Court
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Theory of Law, Civil Law and Civil Procedure of the Law Institute of the Russian University of Transport, Zaykov Denis E.
Published: November 2024

Courts of general jurisdiction, when considering civil cases, often encounter signs of crimes, which requires them to carry out actions aimed at communicating this information to the bodies of inquiry or preliminary investigation. The CPC of the Russian Federation provides for the implementation of this procedure through the issuance of a private ruling by the court. The article examines the shortcomings of the legal regulation of these relations, the multidirectional judicial practice of its application and suggests ways to resolve the existing problems.
On Problematic Aspects Related to Invalidity of Transactions
Authors:   Teaching Assistant of the Department of Civil Law and Procedure of the Law Institute of the Vladimir State University, Petrova Ekaterina S.
Published: November 2024

In Russian law, the issues of invalidity of transactions have been developed for a long time. But despite this, the invalidity of transactions remains a rather complex legal institution, where there are a significant number of problems. In this work, the nature of invalid transactions is sanctified, and the limitations associated with the presentation of claims for the invalidity of transactions are also considered.
Separate Powers of the Court at the Stage of Preparation for Consideration of a Cassation Appeal in Administrative Proceedings
Authors:   Assistant Prosecutor of the South-Eastern Administrative District of Moscow, Baydaeva Anzhelika O.
Published: November 2024

The article sets out the author's position regarding certain powers of the court at the stage of cassation consideration of a case in administrative proceedings, pays special attention to the stage of preparation for consideration of a cassation complaint in a court session, and proposes the expansion of the rights and obligations of the court at this stage of the proceedings.
The Essence of Revision Proceedings in the Civil Procedure of West Germany
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Department of Civil Procedure of the Law Faculty of the Lomonosov Moscow State University, Gorobiy Aleksandr O.
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the essential features of revision proceedings in the German civil procedure. The author researches the correlation between the purposes of the court of revision to ensure uniformity of judicial practice and to protect the interests of private individuals. The close intertwining the two purposes and the mixed legal nature of revision proceedings are pointed out.
Prospects of Marketplaces as Defendants in Civil Proceedings in Disputes with Consumers When Goods Are Sold by a Third Party and the Resulting Problems
Authors:   Legal Analyst at Consultant:IS, LLC, Postgraduate Student of the Department of Private Law of the Law Faculty, Lopatina Sofya V.
Published: November 2024

Marketplaces play an increasingly important role in the economy and, in particular, in e-commerce. The article examines the current state of affairs regarding consumer claims against the marketplace in the presence of the actual seller. It is concluded that gaps in legal regulation give marketplaces opportunities for abuse, and can also lead to impairment for consumer or seller’s position compared to the situation of direct sale of goods between the parties. Courts try to solve problems related to marketplaces’ participation in trade, however, there is no unified systematic approach both to whether the marketplace, including the same one in different disputes, is appropriate as a responder in such disputes, and to the consequences of marketplaces' participation in e-commerce relations.
Conceptual Fundamentals of Administrative Law Regulation of Forced Migration in Russia
Authors:   Senior Lecturer of the Department of Constitutional and Administrative Law of the North-West Institute of Management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Petrovskaya Miroslava I.
Published: November 2024

The article examines the main conceptual features of the administrative and legal regulation of forced migration in Russia. The forced migration’s fundamental features are determined. Attention is paid to aspects of social, cultural and economic adaptation of forced migrants, existing problems in the field of management of forced migration processes in Russia are explored and considered.