bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TIMP2 genetic variation rs4789932 may associate with an increased risk of developing acne scarring based on a case‐control study of Chinese Han population
Authors: Wen Xiulin , Du Huicong , Hao Xiaoyan , Zhang Hongke , Guo Yuan
Published: January 2022

Background

Acne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory cutaneous disorder that has a higher prevalence in adolescents and young adults. Previous studies have indicated that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to its risk. The protein encoded by the TIMP2 gene is a natural inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Changes in TIMP2 expression are speculated to disrupt the TIMP/MMP balance and result in acne scarring.

Aims

Our study aimed to comprehensively explore the potential genetic susceptibility of TIMP2 to acne scarring based on a case‐control study.

Patients and Methods

In total, 1060 patients with acne scarring (cases) and 2162 patients without acne scarring (controls) were enrolled in the present study. Seventeen tag single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TIMP2 gene were selected for genotyping. Genetic association analyses were conducted at both the single marker and haplotypic levels. Single marker‐based association analyses were performed in the genotypic model and allelic model. The distributions of clinical variables in different genotype groups of targeted SNPs in patients with acne scarring were also examined.

Results

SNP rs4789932 was identified to be significantly associated with the risk of acne scarring in both the genotypic model (p = 0.001) and allelic model (p = 0.0002). The C allele of SNP rs4789932 was significantly associated with an increased risk of acne scarring (OR [95% CI] = 1.23 [1.10–1.37]). Significant differences were identified between the SNP rs4789932 genotypes and the clinical severity of acne scarring (p < 2.2 × 10−16). The C allele of SNP rs4789932 was associated with severe clinical features of acne scarring.

Conclusions

A significant genetic marker of the promoter region in TIMP2 was identified to contribute to the risk of acne scarring in the Chinese Han population and was significantly associated with the clinical severity of acne scarring in patients.
Investigation of thiol‐disulfide homeostasis and ischemia‐modified albumin levels in patients with hidradenitis supurativa
Authors: Balik Zeynep Busra , Balik Ahmet Rifat , Yucel Cigdem , Hayran Yildiz , Çaliskan Ercan , Erel Ozcan
Published: January 2022

Background

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. The pathogenesis of HS is not clear, and the triggering mechanism for the initiation of the disease is still a controversy.

Aims

The present study aims to investigate the relationship between thiol‐disulfide homeostasis (TDH), ischemia‐modified albumin (IMA), and HS. To our knowledge, this will be the first report evaluating TDH and IMA status in HS.

Patients/Methods

The study included 30 patients with HS as the patient group and 30 healthy individuals as the control group. For determination of HS severity, Hurley and Hidradenitis suppurativa physician global assessment (PGA) scores were used. One tube venous blood specimen from every participant was obtained. IMA and TDH tests were analyzed in sera of participants. The results were evaluated statistically.

Results

Disulfide (p < 0.001), Index I (p = 0.001), and Index II (p = 0.001) levels in HS group were significantly higher than control group. IMA levels in patients with higher Hurley scores are significantly higher (p = 0.032, r = 0.39). A positive correlation was observed between IMA level and disease duration (p = 0.021, r = 0.42).

Conclusions

The shift in thiol/disulfide balance toward disulfide and significant increase in IMA levels put out the importance of oxidation status in HS etiopathogenesis.
Construction of nursing care quality evaluation indicators for post‐anaesthesia care unit in China
Authors: Zhu Wanping , Wu Jingjie , Yang Lili , Xu Yiqing , Zhou Na
Published: January 2022

Aims and Objectives

To establish a set of scientific and practical nursing care quality evaluation indicators for PACU in China.

Background

No unified nursing care quality evaluation indicators for post‐anaesthesia care unit (PACU) were found in China.

Design

An international literature review, domestic cross‐sectional survey and two‐round e‐Delphi study.

Methods

The international literature review and domestic cross‐sectional survey were conducted to identify the potential nursing care quality evaluation indicators for PACU. A total of 38 and 32 indicators were extracted from 24 articles and the cross‐sectional survey respectively. Two rounds of e‐Delphi study were conducted to collect opinions from a panel of 20 independent experts and establish the final version of the nursing care quality evaluation indicators for PACU. A GRRAS checklist was used to guide the reporting of this study.

Results

Of 20 experts, 19 completed the first round of e‐Delphi study and 18 completed the second round, with a response rate of 95% and 90% respectively. The experts’ authority coefficient in the two rounds of e‐Delphi study was 0.91 and 0.90 respectively. The Kendall W value of the two rounds ranged between 0.108 and 0.385 (p < .01). Four structure indicators, 12 process indicators and seven outcome indicators were included in the nursing care quality evaluation indicators for PACU.

Conclusions

With the methods of literature review, cross‐sectional survey and e‐Delphi study, we established a set of scientific and practical nursing care quality evaluation indicators for PACU, to improve the nursing care quality, reduce incidence of complications and ensure patient safety.

Relevant to clinical practice

The findings from this study enable nurses and managers in PACU settings to evaluate clinical nursing care quality using a robust framework.
Evaluating an undergraduate nursing student telehealth placement for community‐dwelling frail older people during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Brownie Sharon M. , Chalmers Linda M. , Broman Patrick , Andersen Patrea
Published: January 2022

Aims and Objectives

To evaluate a rapid response student telehealth placement experience implementing interRAI assessments of community‐dwelling frail older people during the COVID‐19 pandemic. To identify lessons to inform future telehealth clinical placements.

Background

New Zealand undertakes assessment of older people with disabilities using the interRAI contact assessment tool for less complex conditions and home care assessment tool for complex needs. New Zealand entered lockdown in March 2020 in response to COVID‐19. New Zealand's most vulnerable community members required urgent needs assessment.

Design

A clinical placement whereby 3rd year undergraduate nursing students trained by interRAI‐NZ educators worked remotely from home delivering telehealth assessment for ‘at risk’ older people across the Waikato District, New Zealand. This represented the first telehealth experience within an undergraduate nursing program approved by the New Zealand Nursing Council.

Methods

A case study evaluation utilising mixed method questionnaire and qualitative techniques within an interpretive paradigm. 19 third year students in the fifth semester of a Bachelor of Nursing program and 5 nursing staff members engaged in delivery of the initiative completed pre‐ and post‐placement short answer questionnaires. Reflective diaries were maintained by students on placement. Post‐placement interviews and focus group discussions provided in‐depth data. COREQ guidelines informed analysis and reporting.

Results

Student and tutor responses showed consistent themes: tackling COVID‐19; implementation requirements; nursing competencies; provider relationships; and community insights. These provide insight and highlight lessons learnt from this initiative.

Conclusions

Student confidence in therapeutic engagement and clinical assessment and interest in aged care was increased, confirming the viability and importance of this inaugural telehealth student placement initiative.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Graduate work readiness is enhanced through telehealth placement experience and interRAI assessor training. These are recommended as core components of future nursing education programs.
Diagnostic performance of 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT in inflammation of unknown origin: A clinical series of 317 patients
Authors: Holubar Jan , Broner Jonathan , Arnaud Erik , Hallé Olivier , Mura Thibault , Chambert Benjamin , Sotto Albert , Roubille Camille , Gaujoux‐Viala Cecile , Goulabchand Radjiv
Published: January 2022

Background

Inflammation of unknown origin (IUO) is a challenging situation in internal medicine.

Objectives

To describe the final diagnoses in IUO and assess the helpfulness of 18F‐fluorodesoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computerized tomography (18F‐FDG‐PET/CT) in the diagnosis strategy.

Results

A total of 317 IUO patients with 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT were enrolled. A diagnosis was reached in 228 patients: noninfectious inflammatory diseases (NIID) (37.5%), infectious diseases (18.6%), malignancies (7.9%), and non‐systemic‐inflammatory miscellaneous diseases (7.9%). The two leading causes of NIID were polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis. 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT results were classified as true positive in 49.8% of patients and contributory in 75.1% of overall IUO patients (after the complete investigation set and a prolonged follow‐up). In multivariate analysis, only C‐reactive protein minimum level (≥50 mg/L) was associated with the contributory status of 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT.

Conclusion

Within the wide spectrum of IUO underlying diseases, 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT is helpful to make a diagnosis and to eliminate inflammatory diseases. Obese patients constitute a specific group needing further studies.
Social media and diatopic tension: A psychosocial study with Haddad and Bolsonaro's voters in Brazil
Authors: Echeverri Vásquez Georgie , Wolter Rafael Pecly
Published: January 2022

This paper aims at analyzing the communicational dynamics activated by the dissemination offake newson social media in moments of collective mobilization, in the frame of the dialogic approach of social representations. In order to establish a comparative analysis, three focus groups were created with voters of candidates Fernando Haddad and Jair Bolsonaro in Brazil, who discussed the content of purposely selectedFacebookposts. The study extrapolated the conversational exercise to the dynamics of a social media, concluding that digital ecosystems, in moments of collective mobilization, behave as representational fields guided, from the psychosocial point of view, by relations of identity tension and, from a rhetorical or communicational point of view, by a phenomenon calleddiatopic tension, characterized by the coexistence of four interdependent variables: (1) topological divergence; (2) situational heteroglossy; (3) affective intensity and 4) apparent perception of factual control.
Exopolysaccharides from Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus OLL1073R-1 prevent influenza virus infection and attenuate secondary bacterial infection risk
Authors: Ishikawa H. , Kuno Y. , Kohda C. , Sasaki H. , Nagashima R. , Iyoda M.
Published: January 2022

The present study assessed the inhibitory action of exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus OLL1073R-1 against influenza virus infection followed by secondary bacterial infection. We found that the presence of 200 or 400 μg ml−1 of EPS significantly protected against influenza virus infection in a dose-dependent manner when A549 cells were treated with EPS before infection but not after it. The expression of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM-1), an adhesion molecule for bacteria adherence, on A549 cells was significantly enhanced during influenza virus infection compared with viral-non-infected A549 cells. However, this upregulated CEACAM-1 expression was significantly decreased by EPS treatment before viral infection in association with the reduction in the virus titre in A549 cells. In a bacterial adhesion assay using Staphylococcus aureus, the bacterial adherence to viral-infected A549 cells was significantly greater than that to viral-non-infected A549 cells, and the increased bacterial adherence induced by influenza virus infection tended to be decreased by EPS treatment before the infection. Our findings show that EPS treatment before viral infection can inhibit influenza virus infection and alleviate secondary bacterial infection through decreased CEACAM-1 expression.
Lower beta‐1,3‐D‐glucan testing cut‐offs increase sensitivity for non‐albicans Candida species bloodstream infections
Authors: Forster Johannes , Dichtl Karl , Wagener Johannes
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Fungal biomarkers support early diagnosis of invasive fungal infections. In this study, we evaluated the impact of a recent update to the manufacturer‐recommended cut‐off for beta‐1,3‐D‐glucan (BDG) testing (Fujifilm Wako BDG assay) on sensitivity and specificity for the detection of candidemia. Additionally, we compared the performance with tests for Candida antigen (Ag by Serion ELISA antigen Candida, Virion\Serion) and anti‐mannan antibodies (Ab by Hemkit Candida IHA, Ravo Diagnostika).

Methods

Sera of 82 patients with candidemia, which were sampled with a maximum distance of ±14 days from the date of sampling of the corresponding positive blood cultures, were retrospectively analysed for BDG, Ag and Ab. Results of BDG testing were compared with results from sera of 129 patients with candidemia from a different hospital.

Results

Sensitivity of BDG testing (47%) was higher than for Ag (17%) or Ab (20%). By combining Ag and Ab testing, sensitivity was raised to 32%. Lowering the cut‐off of BDG from 11 pg/ml to the newly recommended cut‐off of 7 pg/ml resulted in a significant increase in sensitivity (47% vs 58%, p = .01 and 63% vs 71% p < .01). At both centres, the increase was significant in NAC but not in C. albicans candidemia. No significant effects on specificity were observed.

Conclusion

BDG testing outperformed Ag and Ab testing and its combination. Lowering the BDG cut‐off had no significant impact on specificity. The increase in sensitivity can be mainly attributed to a gain in sensitivity for non‐albicans Candida species bloodstream infections.
Developmental regulation of leaf venation patterns: monocot versus eudicots and the role of auxin
Authors: Perico Chiara , Tan Sovanna , Langdale Jane A.
Published: January 2022

Organisation and patterning of the vascular network in land plants varies in different taxonomic, developmental and environmental contexts. In leaves, the degree of vascular strand connectivity influences both light and CO2 harvesting capabilities as well as hydraulic capacity. As such, developmental mechanisms that regulate leaf venation patterning have a direct impact on physiological performance. Development of the leaf venation network requires the specification of procambial cells within the ground meristem of the primordium and subsequent proliferation and differentiation of the procambial lineage to form vascular strands. An understanding of how diverse venation patterns are manifest therefore requires mechanistic insight into how procambium is dynamically specified in a growing leaf. A role for auxin in this process was identified many years ago, but questions remain. In this review we first provide an overview of the diverse venation patterns that exist in land plants, providing an evolutionary perspective. We then focus on the developmental regulation of leaf venation patterns in angiosperms, comparing patterning in eudicots and monocots, and the role of auxin in each case. Although common themes emerge, we conclude that the developmental mechanisms elucidated in eudicots are unlikely to fully explain how parallel venation patterns in monocot leaves are elaborated.
Anaplerotic flux into the Calvin–Benson cycle: hydrogen isotope evidence for in vivo occurrence in C3 metabolism
Authors: Wieloch Thomas , Augusti Angela , Schleucher Jürgen
Published: January 2022

As the central carbon uptake pathway in photosynthetic cells, the Calvin–Benson cycle is among the most important biochemical cycles for life on Earth. A carbon flux of anaplerotic origin (i.e. through the chloroplast‐localized oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway) into the Calvin–Benson cycle was proposed recently.

Here, we measured intramolecular deuterium abundances in leaf starch of Helianthus annuus grown at varying ambient CO2 concentrations, Ca. Additionally, we modelled deuterium fractionations expected for the anaplerotic pathway and compared modelled with measured fractionations.

We report deuterium fractionation signals at H1 and H2 of starch glucose. Below a Ca change point, these signals increase with decreasing Ca consistent with modelled fractionations by anaplerotic flux. Under standard conditions (Ca = 450 ppm corresponding to intercellular CO2 concentrations, Ci, of 328 ppm), we estimate negligible anaplerotic flux. At Ca = 180 ppm (Ci = 140 ppm), more than 10% of the glucose‐6‐phosphate entering the starch biosynthesis pathway is diverted into the anaplerotic pathway.

In conclusion, we report evidence consistent with anaplerotic carbon flux into the Calvin–Benson cycle in vivo. We propose the flux may help to: maintain high levels of ribulose 1,5‐bisphosphate under source‐limited growth conditions to facilitate photorespiratory nitrogen assimilation required to build‐up source strength; and counteract oxidative stress.
Seasonal dynamics of competition between honey bees and wild bees in a protected Mediterranean scrubland
Authors: Ropars Lise , Affre Laurence , Thébault Élisa , Geslin Benoît
Published: January 2022

Due to the widespread use of pesticides and the lack of floral resources in many agricultural landscapes, beekeepers have moved numerous honey bee colonies in protected areas which could shelter an important diversity of wild bees. Here, we investigated the seasonal dynamics of the competition between honey bees and wild bees through a two‐year study of plant–bee networks in a Mediterranean protected area. We recorded the visitation rates of four bee groups: honey bees, small wild bees, large wild bees and bumblebees. Our study reveals that the competition for floral resources induced by honey bees is especially strong during the early spring and then decreases along the season for all groups of wild bees. We observed a competitive exclusion of all groups of wild bees illustrated by an avoidance of well‐flowered plant species in presence of honey bees. As a consequence, we detected a rewiring of large and small bee floral preferences linked to the presence of honey bees. In presence of honey bees, Rosmarinus officinalis and Cistus albidus were significantly less visited by large bees. This study underlines the need to mitigate the establishment of numerous honey bee colonies in protected areas as honey bees could strongly affect the foraging activity of wild bees.
Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome: Review of published cases associated with head and neck/oral and maxillofacial procedures
Authors: Brooks John K. , Howland Kathryn E. , Coury Luke T. , Dyalram Donita
Published: January 2022

Aim

The objective of this article is to review the demographics, diagnostic criteria, etiopathogenesis, comorbidities and management of Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome (WPWS). In addition, the relevant cardiovascular outcomes of published cases involving head and neck/oral and maxillofacial procedures were summarized.

Materials and Methods

A search of the PubMed database, restricted to human studies published in the English language literature, was performed from 1960 through July 2021 for articles.

Results

The search strategy yielded 24 patients, totalling 25 dates of treatment, with WPWS concordant with head and neck/oral and maxillofacial procedures, predominately involving biopsy, tumour resection and extractions; significantly, 5 of whom, experienced their first episode of WPWS while undergoing treatment of the head and neck. None of the procedures resulted in patient death.

Conclusions

Practitioners should be familiar with the clinical features of WPWS and be prepared to manage emergent cardiovascular deterioration. Electrocardiogram monitoring of this cohort is advised during head and neck/oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures, particularly involving general anaesthesia. Breakthrough episodes of WPWS may still occur in patients who have previously undergone cardioconversion.
The relationship between nitrous oxide sedation and psychosocial factors in the pediatric outpatient setting
Authors: Moharrami Mohammad , Ali Samina , Dick Bruce D. , Moeinvaziri Fardad , Amin Maryam
Published: January 2022

Background

Moderate sedation using nitrous oxide (N2O) has become common in pediatric dentistry. However, less is known regarding the role of patients' characteristics and psychosocial factors in their cooperative behavior during dental procedures with N2O.

Aims

This study aimed to examine pediatric dental patients' behaviors while undergoing N2O sedation and to measure the associations between child's cooperative behavior and demographic, physiological responses, and psychosocial factors.

Methods

In this within‐subject observational study, participants received 40% N2O/O2, by nasal hood, for non‐surgical dental procedures. The main outcome measure was the extent of cooperative behaviors, as assessed by the Frankl scale at five timepoints, namely T1: pre‐administration of N2O, T2: post‐administration of N2O, T3: dental injection, T4: dental treatment, and T5: post‐procedure administration of 100% O2. Predictors included age, sex, psychosocial factors reported using the Parenting Style and Dimension Questionnaire and Spence Children Anxiety Scale, as well as pulse rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation. The Wilcoxon signed‐rank test and generalized estimation equation were used for data analyses.

Results

In 80 children with a mean age of 7.2 (2.2) years, administration of N2O was significantly associated with cooperative behaviors (odds ratio [OR]:2.62, confidence interval [CI]: 1.46–4.70, p = .001) when adjusted for other predictors. There was no interaction between any of the predictors and N2O sedation on behaviors. Except for the authoritative parenting style (OR: 1.96, CI: 1.16–3.31, p = .012), which predicted more cooperative behaviors, other predictors were not associated with behavioral outcomes.

Conclusion

In children sedated with N2O, behavior was independent of the child's demographic and psychosocial factors. While sedated, demographics, vital signs, and anxiety did not contribute to behavior management. However, screening for parenting style may help predict the child's behavioral response.
SlowMo therapy, a new digital blended therapy for fear of harm from others: An account of therapy personalisation within a targeted intervention
Authors: Ward Thomas , Hardy Amy , Holm Rebecca , Collett Nicola , Rus‐Calafell Mar , Sacadura Catarina , McGourty Alison , Vella Claire , East Anna , Rea Michaela , Harding Helen , Emsley Richard , Greenwood Kathryn , Freeman Daniel , Fowler David , Kuipers Elizabeth , Bebbington Paul , Garety Philippa
Published: January 2022

Objectives

SlowMo therapy is a pioneering blended digital therapy for paranoia, augmenting face‐to‐face therapy with an interactive ‘webapp’ and a mobile app. A recent large‐scale trial demonstrated small–moderate effects on paranoia alongside improvements in self‐esteem, worry, well‐being and quality of life. This paper provides a comprehensive account of therapy personalisation within this targeted approach.

Design

Case examples illustrate therapy delivery and descriptive data are presented on personalised thought content.

Method

Thought content was extracted from the webapp (n = 140 participants) and coded using newly devised categories: Worries: (1) Persecutory, (2) Negative social evaluation, (3) Negative self‐concept, (4) Loss/life stresses, (5) Sensory‐perceptual experiences and (6) Health anxieties. Safer thoughts: (1) Safer alternative (specific alternatives to worries), (2) Second‐wave (generalised) coping, (3) Positive self‐concept, (4) Positive activities and (5) Third‐wave (mindfulness‐based) coping. Data on therapy fidelity are also presented.

Results

Worries: ‘Persecutory’ (92.9% of people) and ‘Negative social evaluation’ (74.3%) were most common. ‘General worries/ life stresses’ (31.4%) and ‘Negative self‐concept’ (22.1%) were present in a significant minority; ‘Health anxieties’ (10%) and ‘Sensory‐perceptual’ (10%) were less common. Safer thoughts: ‘Second‐wave (general) coping’ (85%), ‘Safer alternatives’ (76.4%), ‘Positive self‐concept’ (65.7%) and ‘Positive activities’ (64.3%) were common with ‘Third‐wave’ (mindfulness) coping observed for 30%. Fidelity: Only three therapy withdrawals were therapy related. Session adherence was excellent (mean = 15.2/16; SD = 0.9). Behavioural work was conducted with 71% of people (119/168).

Conclusion

SlowMo therapy delivers a targeted yet personalised approach. Potential mechanisms of action extend beyond reasoning. Implications for cognitive models of paranoia and causal interventionist approaches are discussed.
Knowledge and barriers related to food insecurity screening in healthcare settings
Authors: Frost Kristen , Stafos Andrea , Metcalf Andrea L. , DeBourge Whitney , Friesen Mary , Bryant Renee , Lawver Leah , Bullock Jennifer , Williams Karen
Published: January 2022

Objective

Assess healthcare professionals’ knowledge, referral practices, readiness, and barriers for food insecurity policy and practice implementation in Johnson County, Kansas.

Design

An expert panel of regional anti‐hunger advocates was convened to identify critical domains for instrument development.

Sample

The questionnaire was disseminated via REDCap to approximately 2800 healthcare professionals.

Measurements

The questionnaire was composed of 32 items related to demographics, general knowledge, referral knowledge, current practices, perceived challenges, and perceived advantages.

Results

Social Workers’ knowledge regarding food insecurity and referral was statistically greater (p = .0001 and p = .0001, respectively) than other professional groups. By department, Primary Care and Care Coordination's knowledge regarding food insecurity and referral was statistically greater (p = .008 and p = .0001, respectively) than Ancillary Care. Ninety‐eight percent of respondents reported that food insecurity should be addressed in healthcare. Evaluation of the unique perspectives and needs related to food insecurity and perceived barriers of the healthcare providers serving the local population will guide an organization in building an implementation plan targeting the unique needs of the organization.

Policy implications

As the need for food insecurity services grow during the coronavirus pandemic, this work can help build the foundation for better communication and awareness between healthcare, government, and community programs.
Dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents (DBT‐A): Outcomes among sexual minorities at high risk for suicide
Authors: Poon Jennifer , Galione Janine N. , Grocott Lauren R. , Horowitz Karyn J. , Kudinova Anastacia Y. , Kim Kerri L.
Published: January 2022

The alarming rates and pervasiveness of suicidal and self‐destructive behaviors (e.g., non‐suicidal self‐injury) among young sexual minorities represent a major public health concern. We set out to examine whether an empirically driven treatment for suicide and self‐harm, dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents (DBT‐A), provides benefits for adolescents who identify as gay, lesbian, bisexual, or questioning (LGBQ). LGBQ adolescents (n = 16) were compared with non‐LGBQ peers (n = 23). Psychological measures were collected before and after participation in a comprehensive DBT‐A program. LGBQ participants demonstrated significant improvements in emotion regulation, depression, borderline symptoms, and coping strategies; changes were comparable to their heterosexual peers.
Infiltration of subcutaneous adipose layer into the dermal layer with aging
Authors: Ezure Tomonobu , Amano Satoshi , Matsuzaki Kyoichi
Published: January 2022

Background

The elasticity of the dermal layer decreases with aging, leading to ulcer formation and wrinkling, but the mechanism of this change is not fully understood, because it is difficult to access the complex three‐dimensional (3D) internal structure of the dermis.

Objective

To clarify age‐dependent changes in the overall 3D structure of the dermal layer by means of 3D analysis technology.

Methods

We observed sun‐protected human skin by means of X‐ray micro CT, identified the layers of the skin, and reconstructed the 3D structure on computer. Age‐dependent structural changes of the dermal layer were evaluated by statistical comparison of young and aged skin.

Results

Histological observations suggested the presence of two types of ectopic fat deposits, namely infiltrated subcutaneous fat and isolated fat, in the lower region of the reticular dermal layer in aged skin. To elucidate their nature, we observed skin specimens by X‐ray microCT. The epidermis, dermal layer, and subcutaneous adipose layer were well differentiated on CT images, and 3D skin was digitally reconstructed on computer. This method clearly showed that the isolated fat observed histologically was in fact connected to the subcutaneous fat, namely all ectopic fat is connected to the subcutaneous adipose layer. Statistical analysis showed that the severity of fat infiltration into dermal layer is significantly increased in aged skin compared with young skin.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that subcutaneous fat infiltrates into the dermal layer of aged skin. Our 3D analysis approach is advantageous to understand changes of complex internal skin structures with aging.
The impact of pathogen‐reduced platelets in acute leukaemia treatment on the total blood product requirement: a subgroup analysis of an EFFIPAP randomised trial
Authors: Garban Frédéric , Vilotitch Antoine , Tiberghien Pierre , Bosson Jean Luc ,   for the EFFIPAP Study Group
Published: January 2022

Objective

To evaluate the impact of pathogen‐reduced (PR) platelet transfusions on blood products requirement for clinical practice.

Background

PR platelets are increasing in use as standard blood products. However, few randomised trials have evaluated their impact on bleeding control or prevention. Furthermore, PR platelets recirculate less than untreated platelets.

Methods

A subgroup study of the randomised clinical trial EFFIPAP compared three arms of platelet preparations (PR: P‐PRP/PAS, additive solution: P‐PAS and plasma P‐P arms respectively). The subgroup of acute leukaemia patients, in their chemotherapy induction phase, included 392 patients (133 P‐PRP/PAS arm, 132 P‐PAS arm and 130 P‐P arm). Blood requirements were analysed across over periods of 7 days.

Results

The number of platelet transfusions per week was significantly higher in the P‐PRP/PAS group 2.3 [1.6–3.3] compared to the control groups 1.9 [1.3–2.8] and 2.0 [1.3–3.0] for P‐P and P‐PAS groups respectively (p < 0.0001). However, the total number of platelets transfused per week was not different. The number of red blood cell concentrates (RBC) transfusion per week did not differ either.

Conclusion

In a homogeneous group of patients, platelet pathogen reduction resulted in an increased number of platelet units transfused per week while having no impact on the total number of platelets transfused or the number of RBC transfusion; resulting to an average requirement of 2 RBC and 2–3 platelets transfusions per week of marrow aplasia.
TRPV1 in arteries enables a rapid myogenic tone
Authors: Phan Thieu X. , Ton Hoai T. , Gulyás Hajnalka , Pórszász Róbert , Tóth Attila , Russo Rebekah , Kay Matthew W. , Sahibzada Niaz , Ahern Gerard P.
Published: January 2022

Arterioles maintain blow flow by adjusting their diameter in response to changes in local blood pressure. In this process called the myogenic response, a vascular smooth muscle mechanosensor controls tone predominantly through altering the membrane potential. In general, myogenic responses occur slowly (minutes). In the heart and skeletal muscle, however, tone is activated rapidly (tens of seconds) and terminated by brief (100 ms) arterial constrictions. Previously, we identified extensive expression of TRPV1 in the smooth muscle of arterioles supplying skeletal muscle, heart and fat. Here we reveal a critical role for TRPV1 in the rapid myogenic tone of these tissues. TRPV1 antagonists dilated skeletal muscle arterioles in vitro and in vivo, increased coronary flow in isolated hearts, and transiently decreased blood pressure. All of these pharmacologic effects were abolished by genetic disruption of TRPV1. Stretch of isolated vascular smooth muscle cells or raised intravascular pressure in arteries triggered Ca2+ signalling and vasoconstriction. The majority of these stretch‐responses were TRPV1‐mediated, with the remaining tone being inhibited by the TRPM4 antagonist, 9‐phenantrol. Notably, tone developed more quickly in arteries from wild‐type compared with TRPV1‐null mice. Furthermore, the immediate vasodilation following brief constriction of arterioles depended on TRPV1, consistent with a rapid deactivation of TRPV1. Pharmacologic experiments revealed that membrane stretch activates phospholipase C/protein kinase C signalling combined with heat to activate TRPV1, and in turn, L‐type Ca2+ channels. These results suggest a critical role, for TRPV1 in the dynamic regulation of myogenic tone and blood flow in the heart and skeletal muscle.

Key points

We explored the physiological role of TRPV1 in vascular smooth muscle. TRPV1 antagonists dilated skeletal muscle arterioles both ex vivo and in vivo, increased coronary perfusion and decreased systemic blood pressure.

Stretch of arteriolar myocytes and increases in intraluminal pressure in arteries triggered rapid Ca2+ signalling and vasoconstriction respectively. Pharmacologic and/or genetic disruption of TRPV1 significantly inhibited the magnitude and rate of these responses. Furthermore, disrupting TRPV1 blunted the rapid vasodilation evoked by arterial constriction.

Pharmacological experiments identified key roles for phospholipase C and protein kinase C, combined with temperature, in TRPV1‐dependent arterial tone.

These results show that TRPV1 in arteriolar myocytes dynamically regulates myogenic tone and blood flow in the heart and skeletal muscle.
Análisis comparativo de la cultura política en Latinoamérica: transformaciones digitales en las fuentes de información y activismo sociopolítico por países y generaciones.
Authors:   Universidad de Almería, Fernández Prados Juan Sebastián
Published: January 2022

El impacto de la sociedad de la información en la cultura política ha resultado ser muy relevante en los últimos 20 años abriendo brechas digitales y democráticas entre países, generaciones, géneros, etc. tal y como señala la politóloga Pippa Norris. La última encuesta mundial de valores recoge en su séptima y última oleada (2017-2021) datos de 11 países latinoamericanos sobre un conjunto comportamientos claves para comprender las transformaciones en la cultura política (https://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/). Así, un conjunto de preguntas interroga sobre las fuentes de información utilizadas ya sean tipo tradicional y digital, y otro grupo de preguntas tratan sobre distintas formas de acción política por vía presencial y virtual. Estas series de preguntas o baterías de ítems permiten comparar, por un lado, países donde se haya avanzado más o menos hacia una transición digital en las fuentes de información y el activismo sociopolítico, y por otro, destacar aquellas generaciones más jóvenes en cada país que estén transformando digitalmente su cultura política de un modo más o menos acelerado. Los resultados permiten describir y concluir diferentes ritmos en los cambios de la cultura política en el contexto de la sociedad de la información y, además, comprender y conectar con las distintas y diversas realidades sociopolíticas en Latinoamérica.
Accuracy requirements of the microarrayed Einzel lens
Authors: Zhang Lixin , Zhang Yulu , Zhao Weixia , Liu Junbiao , Yin Bohua , Han Li
Published: January 2022

A microarrayed Einzel lens (MAEL) is adopted in many high throughput applications, such as multibeam lithography, multibeam electron microscope, and multibeam electron beam inspection. The assembly and fabrication errors of mounting an MAEL consist of misalignment, tilt, and ellipticity, which strongly affect the property of the MAEL. In this report, the accuracy requirements of mounting an MAEL are analyzed using Munro’s electron beam software. The results show that the assembly errors of the middle electrode in an MAEL are dominant in spoiling the beam quality. When assembling an MAEL, for a probe size of 10 nm, the requirements on misalignment, tilt, and ellipticity are 2.7 μm, 1 mrad, and 60 nm, respectively, while for a probe size of 1 nm, the assembly accuracy should be controlled to be less than 0.8 μm, 0.7 mrad, and 6 nm, respectively. These calculated results could be able to instruct designing an MAEL. Moreover, a dedicated tool is necessary for assembling the MAEL to ensure that the accuracy requirements of the MAEL are acceptable, to make good quality electron probes.
Imaging and tracing the pattern of adult ovarian angiogenesis implies a strategy against female reproductive aging
Authors: Xu Xueqiang , Mu Lu , Li Lingyu , Liang Jing , Zhang Shuo , Jia Longzhong , Yang Xuebing , Dai Yanli , Zhang Jiawei , Wang Yibo , Niu Shudong , Xia Guoliang , Yang Yunlong , Zhang Yan , Cao Yihai , Zhang Hua
Published: January 2022

Unique model of adult ovarian angiogenesis implies a strategy to extend female reproductive life span.
Microplastic accumulation in riverbed sediment via hyporheic exchange from headwaters to mainstems
Authors: Drummond Jennifer D. , Schneidewind Uwe , Li Angang , Hoellein Timothy J. , Krause Stefan , Packman Aaron I.
Published: January 2022

Bidirectional flow between surface water and sediment leads to high accumulation of small and lightweight microplastics in rivers.
Engineered neutrophil-derived exosome-like vesicles for targeted cancer therapy
Authors: Zhang Jiahui , Ji Cheng , Zhang Hongbo , Shi Hui , Mao Fei , Qian Hui , Xu Wenrong , Wang Dongqing , Pan Jianming , Fang Xinjian , Santos Hélder A. , Zhang Xu
Published: January 2022

Neutrophil-derived exosomes induce tumor cell apoptosis by delivering cytotoxic proteins and activating caspase signaling pathway.
Signatures of selection underpinning rapid coral adaptation to the world’s warmest reefs
Authors: Smith Edward G. , Hazzouri Khaled M. , Choi Jae Young , Delaney Patrice , Al-Kharafi Mohammed , Howells Emily J. , Aranda Manuel , Burt John A.
Published: January 2022

Population genomics reveals loci associated with coral adaptation to thermally extreme reefs.
Exercise-induced piezoelectric stimulation for cartilage regeneration in rabbits
Authors: Liu Yang , Dzidotor Godwin , Le Thinh T. , Vinikoor Tra , Morgan Kristin , Curry Eli J. , Das Ritopa , McClinton Aneesah , Eisenberg Ellen , Apuzzo Lorraine N. , Tran Khanh T. M. , Prasad Pooja , Flanagan Tyler J. , Lee Seok-Woo , Kan Ho-Man , Chorsi Meysam T. , Lo Kevin W. H. , Laurencin Cato T. , Nguyen Thanh D.
Published: January 2022

A biodegradable piezoelectric scaffold excited by exercise promotes chondrogenesis and cartilage regeneration in rabbit osteochondral defects.
Expression of a Phage-Encoded Gp21 Protein Protects Pseudomonas aeruginosa against Phage Infection
Authors: Xuan Guanhua , Lin Hong , Wang Jingxue
Published: January 2022

The majority of the annotated phage genes are currently deposited as “hypothetical protein” with unknown function. Research has revealed that some phage proteins serve to inhibit or redirect the host intracellular processes for phage infection.
Sphingomyelin-Sequestered Cholesterol Domain Recruits Formin-Binding Protein 17 for Constricting Clathrin-Coated Pits in Influenza Virus Entry
Authors: Tang Bo , Sun En-Ze , Zhang Zhi-Ling , Liu Shu-Lin , Liu Jia , Kusumi Akihiro , Hu Zhi-Hong , Zeng Tao , Kang Ya-Feng , Tang Hong-Wu , Pang Dai-Wen
Published: January 2022

IAV infects cells by harnessing cellular endocytic machineries. A better understanding of the cellular machineries used for its entry might lead to the development of antiviral strategies and would also provide important insights into physiological endocytic processes.
Influenza A Virus Uses PSMA2 for Downregulation of the NRF2-Mediated Oxidative Stress Response
Authors: Rashid Mahamud-ur , Gao Ang , Coombs Kevin M.
Published: January 2022

Influenza A virus (IAV) remains one of the most significant infectious agents, responsible for 3 million to 5 million illnesses each year and more than 50 million deaths during the 20th century. The cellular processes that promote and inhibit IAV infection and pathogenesis remain only partially understood.
The Orthobunyavirus Germiston Enters Host Cells from Late Endosomes
Authors: Windhaber Stefan , Xin Qilin , Uckeley Zina M. , Koch Jana , Obr Martin , Garnier Céline , Luengo-Guyonnot Catherine , Duboeuf Maëva , Schur Florian K. M. , Lozach Pierre-Yves
Published: January 2022

Orthobunyaviruses (OBVs), which include La Crosse, Oropouche, and Schmallenberg viruses, represent a growing threat to humans and domestic animals worldwide. Ideally, preventing OBV spread requires approaches that target early stages of infection, i.e., virus entry.
Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Adaptation to Available Cellular Proteases
Authors: Chaudhry M. Zeeshan , Eschke Kathrin , Hoffmann Markus , Grashoff Martina , Abassi Leila , Kim Yeonsu , Brunotte Linda , Ludwig Stephan , Kröger Andrea , Klawonn Frank , Pöhlmann Stefan H. , Cicin-Sain Luka
Published: January 2022

Recently emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.1.7 (alpha variant), B.1.617.2 (delta variant), and B.1.1.529 (omicron variant) harbor spike mutations and have been linked to increased virus pathogenesis. The emergence of these novel variants highlights coronavirus adaptation and evolution potential, despite the stable consensus genotype of clinical isolates.
ICP22 of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Decreases RNA Polymerase Processivity
Authors: Birkenheuer Claire H. , Dunn Laura , Dufour Rachel , Baines Joel D.
Published: January 2022

The longstanding observation that ICP22 reduces RNA polymerase II (Pol II) serine 2 phosphorylation, which initiates transcriptional elongation, is puzzling because this phosphorylation is essential for viral replication. The current study helps explain this apparent paradox because it demonstrates significant advantages in negatively regulating transcriptional elongation, including the reduction of antisense and intergenic transcription.
Meconium Microbiome of Very Preterm Infants across Germany
Authors: Klopp Jonas , Ferretti Pamela , Meyer Claudius U. , Hilbert Katja , Haiß Annette , Marißen Janina , Henneke Philipp , Hudalla Hannes , Pirr Sabine , Viemann Dorothee , Zemlin Michael , Forslund Sofia Kirke , Härtel Christoph , Bork Peer , Gehring Stephan , Van Rossum Thea ,   and the PRIMAL Consortium
Published: January 2022

Meconium is present in the intestines of infants before and after birth and constitutes their first bowel movements postnatally. The consistency, composition and microbial load of meconium is largely different from infant and adult stool.
Characteristics of Gut Microbiota in Patients with GH-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma
Authors: Lin Ben , Wang Meng , Gao Renyuan , Ye Zhao , Yu Yifei , He Wenqiang , Qiao Nidan , Ma Zengyi , Ji Chenxing , Shi Chengzhang , Zhou Xiang , Wang Yi , Zeng Fangfang , Zhang Li , Gong Wei , Cao Zhan , Zhou Peng , Melnikov Vladimir , Ye Hongying , Li Yiming , Zhang Zhaoyun , He Min , Qin Huanlong , Zhang Yichao
Published: January 2022

Dysbiosis of gut microbiota is associated not only with intestinal disorders but also with numerous extraintestinal diseases. Growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma (GHPA) is an insidious disease with persistent hypersecretion of GH and IGF-1, causing increased morbidity and mortality.
A Peptide from Budding Yeast GAPDH Serves as a Promising Antifungal against Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Zhang Yang , Zhou Liyan , Liu Yan , Zhao Xi , Lian Xianqiang , Zhang Jie , Zhao De , Wang Yujuan , Zhong Jin , Wang Junfeng , Wang Hongli , Wang Linqi , Fu Yu V.
Published: January 2022

Cryptococcus neoformans
and
Cryptococcus gattii
can cause cryptococcosis, which has a high mortality rate. To treat the disease, amphotericin B and fluconazole are often used in clinic.
Development of Droplet Digital PCR-Based Assays to Quantify HIV Proviral and Integrated DNA in Brain Tissues from Viremic Individuals with Encephalitis and Virally Suppressed Aviremic Individuals
Authors: Chung Hye Kyung , Hattler Julian B. , Narola Jigna , Babbar Harita , Cai Yanhui , Abdel-Mohsen Mohamed , Kim Woong-Ki
Published: January 2022

We developed ddPCR assays to quantitatively measure HIV DNA and used this ddPCR assays to detect and quantitatively measure HIV DNA in the archived brain tissues from HIV patients. The tissue viral loads assessed by ddPCR was highly correlative with those assessed by qPCR.
Jerveratrum-Type Steroidal Alkaloids Inhibit β-1,6-Glucan Biosynthesis in Fungal Cell Walls
Authors: Kubo Karen , Itto-Nakama Kaori , Ohnuki Shinsuke , Yashiroda Yoko , Li Sheena C. , Kimura Hiromi , Kawamura Yumi , Shimamoto Yasuhiro , Tominaga Ken-Ichi , Yamanaka Daisuke , Adachi Yoshiyuki , Takashima Shinichiro , Noda Yoichi , Boone Charles , Ohya Yoshikazu
Published: January 2022

Non-
Candida albicans
Candida
species (NCAC) are on the rise as a cause of mycosis. Many antifungal drugs are less effective against NCAC, limiting the available therapeutic agents.
A Novel Algicidal Bacterium,
Microbulbifer
sp. YX04, Triggered Oxidative Damage and Autophagic Cell Death in
Phaeocystis globosa
, Which Causes Harmful Algal Blooms
Authors: Zhu Xiaoying , Chen Shuangshuang , Luo Guiying , Zheng Wei , Tian Yun , Lei Xueqian , Yao Luming , Wu Caiming , Xu Hong
Published: January 2022

P. globosa
is one of the most notorious harmful algal bloom (HAB)-causing species, which can secrete hemolytic toxins, frequently cause serious ecological pollution, and pose a health hazard to animals and humans. Hence, screening for bacteria with high algicidal activity against
P. globosa
and studies on the algicidal characteristics and mechanism will contribute to providing an ecofriendly microorganism-controlling agent for preventing the occurrence of algal blooms and reducing the harm of algal blooms to the environment.
MntP and YiiP Contribute to Manganese Efflux in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium under Conditions of Manganese Overload and Nitrosative Stress
Authors: Ouyang Annie , Gasner Kendall M. , Neville Stephanie L. , McDevitt Christopher A. , Frawley Elaine R.
Published: January 2022

Transition metal cations are required for the function of many proteins but can mediate toxicity when present in excess. Identifying transporters that facilitate metal ion export, the conditions under which they are expressed, and the role they play in bacterial physiology is an evolving area of interest for environmental and pathogenic organisms.
A Trans-Governmental Collaboration to Independently Evaluate SARS-CoV-2 Serology Assays
Authors: Pinto Ligia A. , Shawar Ribhi M. , O’Leary Brendan , Kemp Troy J. , Cherry James , Thornburg Natalie , Miller Cheryl N. , Gallagher Pamela S. , Stenzel Timothy , Schuck Brittany , Owen S. Michele , Kondratovich Marina , Satheshkumar Panayampalli S. , Schuh Amy , Lester Sandra , Cassetti M. Cristina , Sharpless Norman E. , Gitterman Steven , Lowy Douglas R.
Published: January 2022

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic created a crucial need for accurate serology assays to evaluate seroprevalence, contact tracing, and antiviral immune responses. The initial flood of serology assays entering the market with inadequate performance emphasized the need for independent evaluation of commercial SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays using performance evaluation panels to determine suitability for use under emergency use authorization (EUA).