bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of response surface methodology and quantitative NMR for the optimum extraction, characterization, and quantitation of Antrodia cinnamomea triterpenoids
Authors: Li Chi-Ying , Wu Yang-Chang , Chang Fang-Rong , El-Shazly Mohamed , Du Ying-Chi , Lu Chi-Yu , Duh Tsai-Hui , Wu Tung-Ying
Published: November 2023

Antrodia cinnamomea (AC) is a treasured Asian medicinal mushroom, which has attracted attention due to recent research on its effectiveness in targeting a variety of serious ailments such as cancer and liver diseases. Among different A. cinnamomea constituents, triterpenoids are regarded as the most therapeutically attractive components because of their anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities. In the present study, we proposed a mathematical and statistical extraction protocol to evaluate the concentrations of total ergostane and lanostane triterpenoid derivatives from the ethanolic extract of the wild fruiting bodies of A. cinnamomea (EEAC) by utilizing response surface methodology (RSM) and quantitative NMR (qNMR) approaches. The optimum response surface model showed that the variations of the investigated response variables reached more than 90%, suggesting that the developed model is accurate in explaining response variability. Furthermore, the EEAC major characteristic triterpenoids were quantified through the comparison of the HPLC-tandem MS results with those of the qNMR results. The precision of the used techniques was also evaluated. The experimental design of the EEAC optimum extraction procedure obtained by using RSM and qNMR enabled accurate characterization and quantitation of A. cinnamomea triterpenoids.
Influence of the drying mode of support on the properties of Pd/Al2O3–ZrO2 materials used for methane combustion
Authors: Amairia C. , Fessi S. , Mhamdi M. , Ghorbel A. , Llorca J.
Published: November 2023

This work constitutes a new trial to enhance the properties of palladium supported on alumina modified with zirconium used as catalysts for methane combustion. The effect of the support drying mode is studied. For this aim, Al2O3-ZrO2 binary oxides with zirconium loading of 2 and 5% in weight were prepared using sol–gel process then dried under ordinary or supercritical conditions. Palladium with a loading of 0.5% was deposited on the support by wet impregnation. Several techniques have been used to investigate differences between the two types of the derived catalysts.
Experimental and digital investigations of heterogeneity in lower cretaceous carbonate reservoir using fractal and multifractal concepts
Authors: Jouini Mohamed Soufiane , Alabere Abdulquadri O. , Alsuwaidi Mohammad , Morad Sadoon , Bouchaala Fateh , Al Jallad Osama A.
Published: November 2023

Characterization and prediction of reservoir heterogeneity are crucial for hydrocarbon production. This study applies the multifractal theory using both numerical and experimental data to characterize quantitatively the heterogeneity of pore structures in Lower Cretaceous limestone reservoir from the United Arab Emirates. Fractal dimensions calculated from three dimensional digital images showed good correlation (R2 =  + 0.69) with experimental high-pressure mercury injection (HPMI) measurements. Moreover, both experimental and numerical fractal dimensions correlate well with experimental HPMI porosity measurements. Multifractal parameters such as the non-uniformity degree of the pore structures Δα, the asymmetry degree in the vertical axis Δf(α), the concentration of pore size distribution α0 and the asymmetry degree in the horizontal axis Rd estimated from digital and experimental data correlated well and revealed ability to quantitatively describe samples heterogeneity. The ranges of digital and experimental multifractal parameters provided the means to differentiate between homogeneous and heterogeneous samples.
Blood plasma metagenomic next-generation sequencing for identifying pathogens of febrile neutropenia in acute leukemia patients
Authors: Qi Yan , Lin Wu-Qiang , Liao Bin , Chen Jia-Wei , Chen Ze-Song
Published: November 2023

To investigate the value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in acute leukemia (AL) patients with febrile neutropenia (FN). We retrospectively reviewed 37 AL patients with FN and compared the results of mNGS with blood culture (BC) and the clinical features of the mNGS-positive group and the mNGS-negative group. A total of 14 detected pathogens were the final clinical diagnosis, of which 9 strains were detected only by mNGS and 5 strains were detected by both mNGS and BC. The top pathogens were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. A total of 67.57% (25/37) were bacterial infections, and 2.7% (1/37) were fungal or viral infections. The diagnostic positivity rate of mNGS (25/37, 67.6%) was significantly higher than that of BC (7/37, 18.9%), and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Then, we explored the clinical distinction between the mNGS-positive group and the mNGS-negative group, and 3 features were filtered, including lymphocyte count (LY), creatinine levels (Cr), and white blood cell count (WBC). Our study demonstrated that early implementation of mNGS can effectively improve the efficacy of pathogen detection in AL patients with FN. The higher diagnostic positivity rate and the ability to detect additional pathogens compared to BC made mNGS a valuable tool in the management of infectious complications in this patient population. Furthermore, the identified clinical features associated with mNGS results provided additional insights for the clinical indication of infection in AL patients with FN.
Odontocete detections are linked to oceanographic conditions in the Hawaiian Archipelago
Authors: Ziegenhorn Morgan A. , Hildebrand John A. , Oleson Erin M. , Baird Robin W. , Baumann-Pickering Simone
Published: November 2023

Understanding environmental drivers of species’ behavior is key for successful conservation. Within cetacean research, studies focused on understanding such drivers often consider local conditions (e.g., sea surface temperature), but rarely include large-scale, long-term parameters such as climate indices. Here we make use of long-term passive acoustic monitoring data to examine relationships between eight classes of toothed whales and climate indices, specifically El Niño Southern Oscillation, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, and North Pacific Gyre Oscillation, as well as local surface conditions (temperature, salinity, sea surface height) at two sites in the Hawaiian Archipelago. We find that El Niño Southern Oscillation most influenced cetacean detections at monitored sites. In many cases, detection patterns matched well with combinations of one or more climate indices and surface conditions. Our results highlight the importance of considering climate indices in efforts to understand relationships between marine top predators and environmental conditions.
The key determinants of individual greenhouse gas emissions in Germany are mostly domain-specific
Authors: Brandenstein Nils , Ackermann Kathrin , Aeschbach Nicole , Rummel Jan
Published: November 2023

Individual behavior plays a pivotal role in mitigating climate change but our understanding of the multifaceted, determining factors of sustainable behavior remains incomplete. Here we conducted a comprehensive, cross-sectional survey of German households in 2021 (N = 10,813), assessing various potential determinants and measuring behavior in greenhouse gas emissions across various life domains (shelter, mobility, consumption, and diet). Machine learning models were employed to predict emissions from determining factors and benchmarked against commonly used linear models. Our findings indicate that machine learning models excel in capturing complex relationships between personal and situational factors, offering a more nuanced understanding of how determinants interplay and contribute to emissions. Notably, some factors like perceived behavioral control or habits consistently affected emissions, while others like infrastructural barriers and pro-environmental attitudes were domain-specific. These insights about key determinants of sustainable behavior are valuable for policymakers crafting effective climate change strategies at the individual level.
A systematic review on automated clinical depression diagnosis
Authors: Mao Kaining , Wu Yuqi , Chen Jie
Published: November 2023

Assessing mental health disorders and determining treatment can be difficult for a number of reasons, including access to healthcare providers. Assessments and treatments may not be continuous and can be limited by the unpredictable nature of psychiatric symptoms. Machine-learning models using data collected in a clinical setting can improve diagnosis and treatment. Studies have used speech, text, and facial expression analysis to identify depression. Still, more research is needed to address challenges such as the need for multimodality machine-learning models for clinical use. We conducted a review of studies from the past decade that utilized speech, text, and facial expression analysis to detect depression, as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guideline. We provide information on the number of participants, techniques used to assess clinical outcomes, speech-eliciting tasks, machine-learning algorithms, metrics, and other important discoveries for each study. A total of 544 studies were examined, 264 of which satisfied the inclusion criteria. A database has been created containing the query results and a summary of how different features are used to detect depression. While machine learning shows its potential to enhance mental health disorder evaluations, some obstacles must be overcome, especially the requirement for more transparent machine-learning models for clinical purposes. Considering the variety of datasets, feature extraction techniques, and metrics used in this field, guidelines have been provided to collect data and train machine-learning models to guarantee reproducibility and generalizability across different contexts.
In situ monitoring of ROS secretion from single cells with a dual-nanopore biosensor
Authors: Zhao Tao , Chen Yi-Ping , Xie Ya-Li , Luo Yang , Tang Hao , Jiang Jian-Hui
Published: November 2023

We report here a dual-nanopore biosensor based on modulation of surface charge density coupled with a microwell array chip for in situ monitoring of ROS secretion from single MCF-7 cells.
Biohybrid neural interfaces: improving the biological integration of neural implants
Authors: Boulingre Marjolaine , Portillo-Lara Roberto , Green Rylie A.
Published: November 2023

Biohybrid design enables the engineering of neural interfaces with enhanced functionality and performance.
NacNac-zinc-pyridonate mediated ε-caprolactone ROP
Authors: Hughes Jack W. J. , Babula Dawid J. , Stowers-Veitch Findlay , Yuan Kang , Uzelac Marina , Nichol Gary S. , Ingleson Michael J. , Garden Jennifer A.
Published: November 2023

Intermediate reactivity between carboxylate and alkoxide initiated ROP is achieved here by a newly reported class of amidate initiators; pyridonates, resulting in a mixture of cyclic and linear polyesters being produced.
Stimuli-responsive chitosan-based injectable hydrogel for “on-demand” drug release
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Johnson Melissa , Zhang Nan , Shen Pingping , Yang Lizhu , Milne Cameron , Lara-Sáez Irene , Song Rijian , A Sigen , Wang Wenxin
Published: November 2023

In this study, we developed a simplified one-step method for crafting a pH-responsive chitosan-based injectable hydrogel using dynamic Schiff's base chemistry.
Nanobody-loaded nanobubbles targeting the G250 antigen with ultrasound/photoacoustic/fluorescence multimodal imaging capabilities for specifically enhanced imaging of RCC
Authors: Chen Jiajiu , Li Jingyi , Zhong Chengjie , Ling Yi , Liu Deng , Li Xin , Xu Jing , Liu Qiuli , Guo Yanli , Wang Luofu
Published: November 2023

Clinicians have attempted to discover a noninvasive, easy-to-perform, and accurate method to distinguish benign and malignant renal masses.
Machine learning of all-dielectric core–shell nanostructures: the critical role of the objective function in inverse design
Authors: Hoxie David J. , Bangalore Purushotham V. , Appavoo Kannatassen
Published: November 2023

We demonstrate the critical role played by the objective function when a neural network is coupled to an evolutionary algorithm even for a simple prototypical nanophotonic structure: all-dielectric core–shell nanosphere with electric and magnetic resonances.
Active-site stabilized Bi metal–organic framework-based catalyst for highly active and selective electroreduction of CO2 to formate over a wide potential window
Authors: Cao Leliang , Huang Jie , Wu Xueying , Ma Ben , Xu Qingqing , Zhong Yuanhong , Wu Ying , Sun Ming , Yu Lin
Published: November 2023

The fabricated bismuth-terephthalate framework (Bi-BDC) showed a high efficiency for electroreduction of CO2 to formate over a wide potential window. Bi-BDC gradually evolved to Bi2O2CO3 after a long-term reaction but remained an excellent activity.
Correction: Ferromagnetic and half-metallic phase transition by doping in a one-dimensional narrow-bandgap W6PCl17 semiconductor
Authors: Qiao Yusen , Yin Huabing
Published: November 2023

Correction for ‘Ferromagnetic and half-metallic phase transition by doping in a one-dimensional narrow-bandgap W6PCl17 semiconductor’ by Yusen Qiao et al., Nanoscale, 2023, 15, 9835–9842, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3NR01717F.
Enantioselective conjugate addition to nitroolefins catalysed by helical peptides with a single remote stereogenic centre
Authors: Tilly David P. , McColl Catherine , Hu Mingda , Vitórica-Yrezábal Iñigo J. , Webb Simon J.
Published: November 2023

Unfunctionalised α-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) containing peptides can enantioselectively catalyse the conjugate addition of select nucleophiles to nitroolefins.
Electronic effects of conjugated aryl groups on the properties and reactivities of di(arylethynyl)tetracenes
Authors: Yan Yu , Brega Valentina , Pina Manuel M. , Thomas Samuel W.
Published: November 2023

The electronic effects of different (hetero)aryl groups in di(arylethynyl)tetracenes substantially impact their optoelectronic properties and reactivity with singlet oxygen.
Pd-catalyzed oxa-[4 + n] dipolar cycloaddition using 1,4-O/C dipole synthons for the synthesis of O-heterocycles
Authors: Cho Ho-Jun , Kim Ju Hyun
Published: November 2023

This review summarizes Pd-catalyzed oxa-[4 + n] dipolar cycloadditions of 1,4-O/C dipoles with diverse dipolarophiles, affording five- to nine-membered O-heterocycles.
The combined effect of cohesion and finite size on the collapse of wet granular columns
Authors: Wu Yisong , Sun Yinghao , Wang Dengming
Published: November 2023

The collapse of low-saturation liquid-containing granular materials is prevalent in nature and industrial processes, and understanding the associated transient dynamics is extremely important for exploring such complex flow processes.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of ZIF-9@xGO composites as cooperative electrocatalysts for electro-oxidation of benzyl alcohols coupled with H2 production
Authors: Chongdar Sayantan , Ghosh Anirban , Bal Rajaram , Bhaumik Asim
Published: November 2023

We report microwave assisted rapid synthesis of ZIF-9 nanocrystals. ZIF-9@xGO composites displayed selective electrocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohols (benzoic acid yield 84%, faradaic efficiency 88%) together with high H2 production (273 mmol g−1 h−1).
A mimosa-inspired photothermal-responsive multifunctional hydrogel for passive solar-driven efficient water purification
Authors: Mei Jiangyang , Jin Yong , Bai Long , Shang Xiang , Zeng Wenhua
Published: November 2023

The passive solar-driven hydrogel (PNIPAm/CMC/CMCNT hydrogel) can absorb and release water via hydrophilic/hydrophobic switching at the lower critical solution temperature (LCST)—a temperature (≈32 °C) readily achieved using natural sunlight.
Recognition of Speech With Dynamic Pitch Manipulation in Noise: Effects of Manipulation Methods
Authors: Shen Jing , Wu Jingwei
Published: November 2023

Purpose:

Dynamic pitch, which is defined as the variation in fundamental frequency in speech, is one of the acoustic cues that affect speech recognition in noise. Built on the evidence that a symmetrical manipulation of dynamic pitch led to poorer speech recognition, the present study examined the effect of an asymmetrical manipulation method on speech recognition in noise by younger and older adults.

Method:

Speech recognition accuracy in noise was measured from younger adults with normal hearing in Experiment 1, and speech reception threshold (in dB SNR) from older adults with normal hearing to mild–moderate hearing loss in Experiment 2. The dynamic pitch contours of the speech stimuli were manipulated using both symmetrical and asymmetrical methods.

Results:

Younger adults recognized speech better in noise with asymmetrical than symmetrical manipulation, and with weakened than strengthened dynamic pitch. A substantial amount of variability was observed in a group of older listeners. This variability was predominately predicted by the listeners' age but not hearing thresholds or their ability to perceive dynamic pitch in fluctuating noise.

Conclusions:

The asymmetrical manipulation of dynamic pitch had a less negative effect than the symmetrical manipulation. This effect also interacted with pitch-change direction. These findings suggest the influence of perceptual naturalness on speech recognition with signal modification. Directions for future research are also discussed.
Attributes That Increase Vulnerabilities to Reduced Human Milk Feeding Outcomes Among Babies With Cleft Lip and Palate in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Tahmasebifard Neda , Perry Jamie L. , O'Brien Kevin , Briley Patrick M.
Published: November 2023

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to identify infant and maternal factors associated with reduced human milk feeding among infants in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) with cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL ± P).

Method:

Data collected on mothers and infants admitted to the NICU with CL ± P from the 2018 National Vital Statistics System were used for this study. Chi-square tests of independence and independent-samples
t
tests were used to compare categorical variables and continuous variables, respectively, among two groups of infants admitted to the NICU with CL ± P—those who did and did not receive human milk feeding at discharge.

Results:

The sample included 660 infants admitted to the NICU with CL ± P, of which 353 received human milk at discharge. Significant differences were found between the two groups for marital status, mother's education, maternal smoking record, total number of prenatal visits, multiparity record, gestational age, birth weight, and use of assisted ventilation.

Conclusions:

Results indicated that, as a function of human milk feeding at discharge, mothers and their infants admitted to the NICU with CL ± P exhibited differences across infant and maternal factors. These findings further our understanding of this sample of mothers and infants with CL ± P while potentially identifying determinants to human milk feeding. This study provides insight into infant and maternal characteristics that may be associated with barriers to human milk feeding.
The Acquisition of Black Language by Spanish-Speaking Preschoolers: A Community-Based Sociolinguistic Approach to Language Assessment
Authors: Privette Chelsea , Fabiano Leah
Published: November 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this case series was to demonstrate a community-based sociolinguistic approach to language sample analysis (LSA) for the evaluation of Spanish–English bilingual preschoolers acquiring Black language (BL). As part of a comprehensive bilingual speech-language evaluation, we examined sociolinguistic variables in the context of the children's English language samples. Specific emphasis is placed on sociolinguistic information to account for all language(s) and dialect(s) in each child's environment, BL feature patterns, and appropriate scoring procedures for characterizing language use.

Method:

This case series includes four monolingual English-speaking and four bilingual Spanish-English–speaking 4-year-olds in a linguistically diverse preschool program. Play samples were collected from each child and coded for morphosyntactic features across three categories: BL, Spanish-Influenced English, and shared. Measures derived from the language samples include percent grammatical utterances, mean length of utterance in words, and number of different words. The children's language is characterized within a community-based sociolinguistic approach that combines three culturally responsive methods for assessment found in the speech-language pathology literature in addition to a novel sociolinguistic questionnaire.

Results:

We explain how conducting LSA using a community-based sociolinguistic approach yields diagnostically relevant information that is pertinent to conducting a comprehensive and accurate evaluation of preschoolers in linguistically diverse settings without the use of standardized assessments.

Conclusion:

A community-based sociolinguistic approach to LSA is a useful procedure for mitigating misdiagnosis in preschoolers reared in linguistically diverse environments.
Künstliche Intelligenz in der kardialen Bildgebung
Authors: Engelhardt Sandy , Martin Simon , Rodríguez Bolanos Carlos Rodrigo , Pappas Laura , Koehler Sven , Nagel Eike
Published: November 2023

Verfahren der künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) haben in der kardialen Bildgebung große
Relevanz erlangt. In dieser Kurzübersicht werden die Anwendungsbereiche von KI in der
Echokardiografie, Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT) und Computertomografie (CT) beleuchtet. Die
Analyse des ventrikulären Volumens und dessen Funktion werden durch KI in der Echokardiografie
und in der MRT erweitert und verbessert. In der CT ermöglicht die KI die automatische
Quantifizierung der koronaren Kalklast, Risikoklassifizierung und Prognose des
Behandlungserfolgs. KI verringert die Kluft zwischen Experten und Anfängern, da sie
zuverlässige und reproduzierbare Analysen durchführt bei gesteigerter Effizienz. Neue Konzepte
wie das föderierte Lernen, das multizentrisches verteiltes Trainieren ermöglicht, sowie die
multimodale KI, die automatisiert Text- und Bildeingaben miteinander verknüpft, werden
voraussichtlich die nächsten größeren Meilensteine darstellen.
Künstliche Intelligenz in der kardiovaskulären Medizin – Status und Perspektiven
Authors: Radke Peter
Published: November 2023

Die Menge medizinischen Wissens nimmt stetig zu. In noch größerem Ausmaß steigen jedoch
Verfügbarkeit und Komplexität von Gesundheitsdaten aus elektronischen Patientenakten,
Bildgebungsdaten oder genetischen Profilen bis hin zu Sensorikdaten einer Smartwatch. Eine
Kernaufgabe ärztlichen Handelns besteht in der Synthese und Analyse aller verfügbaren
Patientendaten. Diese übersteigen mittlerweile jedoch die Leistungsfähigkeit des menschlichen
Gehirns und erfordern daher innovative Ansätze in den Bereichen der Informatik und
Computerwissenschaften.

„Künstliche Intelligenz“ (KI) kann über eine Kombination von Algorithmen, Daten und
Rechenleistung menschenähnliche kognitive Prozesse simulieren. Vor allem maschinelles Lernen
(ML) hat erhebliches Potenzial in der kardiovaskulären Medizin. Die Befundinterpretation von
EKG oder die Diagnose von Vorhofflimmern durch Smartwatches basieren beispielsweise auf dem
Einsatz von ML.

Die weitere Entwicklung von künstlicher Intelligenz in der Medizin wird jedoch auch von
neuen ethischen, datenschutzrechtlichen oder regulatorischen Herausforderungen begleitet. Ein
transformativer Nutzen der künstlichen Intelligenz für die kardiovaskuläre Medizin wird jedoch
erst durch das Überwinden der Herausforderungen sein volles Potenzial entfalten können.
Cost-Effectiveness of Performing Reference Ultrasonography in Patients with Deep Vein Thrombosis
Authors: de Jong Cindy M. M. , van den Hout Wilbert B. , van Dijk Christel E. , Heim Noor , van Dam Lisette F. , Dronkers Charlotte E. A. , Gautam Gargi , Ghanima Waleed , Gleditsch Jostein , von Heijne Anders , Hofstee Herman M. A. , Hovens Marcel M. C. , Huisman Menno V. , Kolman Stan , Mairuhu Albert T. A. , van Mens Thijs E. , Nijkeuter Mathilde , van de Ree Marcel A. , van Rooden Cornelis J. , Westerbeek Robin E. , Westerink Jan , Westerlund Eli , Kroft Lucia J. M. , Klok Frederikus A.
Published: November 2023

Background The diagnosis of recurrent ipsilateral deep vein thrombosis (DVT) with compression ultrasonography (CUS) may be hindered by residual intravascular obstruction after previous DVT. A reference CUS, an additional ultrasound performed at anticoagulant discontinuation, may improve the diagnostic work-up of suspected recurrent ipsilateral DVT by providing baseline images for future comparison.

Objectives To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of routinely performing reference CUS in DVT patients.

Methods Patient-level data (n = 96) from a prospective management study (Theia study; NCT02262052) and claims data were used in a decision analytic model to compare 12 scenarios for diagnostic management of suspected recurrent ipsilateral DVT. Estimated health care costs and mortality due to misdiagnosis, recurrent venous thromboembolism, and bleeding during the first year of follow-up after presentation with suspected recurrence were compared.

Results All six scenarios including reference CUS had higher estimated 1-year costs (€1,763–€1,913) than the six without reference CUS (€1,192–€1,474). Costs were higher because reference CUS results often remained unused, as 20% of patients (according to claims data) would return with suspected recurrent DVT. Estimated mortality was comparable in scenarios with (14.8–17.9 per 10,000 patients) and without reference CUS (14.0–18.5 per 10,000). None of the four potentially most desirable scenarios included reference CUS.

Conclusion One-year health care costs of diagnostic strategies for suspected recurrent ipsilateral DVT including reference CUS are higher compared to strategies without reference CUS, without mortality benefit. These results can inform policy-makers regarding use of health care resources during follow-up after DVT. From a cost-effectiveness perspective, the findings do not support the routine application of reference CUS.
Stereo- and Site-Selective Acylation in Carbohydrate Synthesis
Authors: Tang Weiping , Blaszczyk Stephanie A. , Li Xiaolei , Wen Peng
Published: November 2023

Carbohydrates are synthetically challenging molecules with vital biological roles in all living systems. To better understand the biological functions of this fundamentally important class of molecules, novel methodologies are needed, including site-selective functionalization and glycosylation reactions. This account describes our efforts toward the development of novel methodologies for site-selective functionalization of carbohydrates and stereoselective glycosylation through various acylation reactions.
Utility of Follicular Unit Excision Using Nonscalp Donor Hair
Authors: Gabel Steven
Published: November 2023

Nonscalp donor hair harvesting or body hair transplantation offers patients an additional source of donor hair in cases when the scalp does not have an adequate supply for the intended recipient area. The most common applications for nonscalp donor hair are for patients with advanced hair loss or to camouflage scarring from prior hair restoration procedures. For patients with available body hair, the beard is probably the best source followed by the chest and abdomen. Combined, these sources may be able to provide thousands of additional grafts for transplantation. Nonscalp hair donor harvesting is technically challenging and should be performed by those with extensive experience in follicular unit excision surgical techniques.
Impact of Direct Endoscopic Necrosectomy on Recurrence of Symptoms or Fluid Collections Following Successful Endoscopic Transmural Drainage of Walled-off Necrosis in Disconnected Pancreatic Duct
Authors: Rana Surinder Singh , Bush Nikhil , Sharma Ravi , Gupta Rajesh
Published: November 2023

Background The impact of direct endoscopic necrosectomy (DEN) on risk of recurrence of symptoms or pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) in patients with disconnected pancreatic duct (DPD) has not been previously evaluated.

Objective To compare the risk of recurrence of PFC in patients with walled-off necrosis (WON) and DPD undergoing DEN with that of not requiring DEN and not having permanent indwelling plastic stents.

Methods Retrospective analysis of database of patients with WON successfully treated with transmural metal stents over the past 5 years was done to identify patients with DPD and not having permanent indwelling transmural stents. These patients were divided into two groups: Group A: patients undergoing DEN and Group B: patients not requiring DEN.

Results Seventeen patients required DEN (Group A; mean age 37.8 years) and 21 patients were successfully treated without DEN (Group B; mean age: 37.7 years). In Group A, none of the patients developed either recurrence of symptoms or PFC over a mean follow-up period of 7 months. In Group B, 5 of 21 (23.8%) patients developed either recurrence of pain (n = 2) or PFC (n = 3) over a mean follow-up period of 22 months. New-onset diabetes mellitus developed in five (29%) patients in Group A and two (9%) patients in Group B. None of the patients in either group developed steatorrhea.

Conclusion Patients with WON and DPD treated with lumen apposing metal stent and requiring DEN seem to be having low risk of developing recurrence of pain or PFC.
What We Know About Facial Volume Restoration with Autogenous Fat
Authors: Fedok Fred G.
Published: November 2023

Facial rejuvenation involves a careful analysis of a patient's anatomic changes that are secondary to aging and then the application of several methods, tools, and technologies to reverse those changes. A central component of facial aging is the changes seen in facial soft tissue volume that occurs with atrophy and malpositioning of normal facial volume through several underlying aging processes. Although many surgical and nonsurgical interventions are available to remedy many of the sequela of aging, the restoration of volume is one of the most important goals that has to be engaged. Over the years, autogenous fat has emerged as one of the safer and reliable methods to restore the diminished volume of the aging face. The purpose of this manuscript is to relate some of the history, clinical practices, research, and current literature supporting the use of autologous fat in facial rejuvenation.
Multi-objective ant lion optimization for parameter optimization of wireless power transfer systems
Authors: Wen Chunming , Li Jianheng , Hou Bingxu , Liao Yikui , Fan Yaqiong , Guo Huanyu , Wu Jiarong , Zhao Xiaohui , Liang Yuanxiong , Liang Kairong
Published: November 2023

The effective transmission distance of a magnetic coupling resonance (MCR) wireless power transfer (WPT) system is an essential index of wireless power transfer. Existing systems often suffer from short transmission distances, low power, and low efficiency. In this paper, a method is proposed for improving the parameters of wireless power transfer systems to enhance the performance of the systems. The main parameters affecting the output power and transmission efficiency are determined by analyzing the MCR WPT system with SS-type topology. In addition, the multi-objective ant lion optimizer is combined with tent chaotic mapping to generate the location information of the initial population by using the distribution and randomness of tent chaotic mapping, which increases the diversity of the people and improves the convergence speed and global search capability of the algorithm to achieve multi-objective parameter optimization, and the optimized model is also analyzed. Experiments show that the optimized MCR WPT system has improved output power and transmission efficiency at a longer distance. The optimal transmission distance of the system is about 0.2 m with a maximum output power of 129.3 W, and the axial offset stability of the system is enhanced. Finally, the effectiveness of the improved model is verified by building a prototype system. It provides a valuable reference for the research of improving wireless power transfer.
Magnetohydrodynamic features and particle transport during thermal quench in HL-2A with density source
Authors: Hu S. L. , Hu D. , Li J. Q. , Hao G. Z. , Dong Y. B. , Huijsmans G. ,   JOREK Team
Published: November 2023

Diverse disruption mitigation strategies based on massive material injection have been developed in recent decades, aiming to uniformly deplete the thermal energy stored within plasmas during the thermal quench (TQ) while simultaneously elevating electron density to facilitate runaway electron suppression. Irrespective of the detailed dynamics of the material delivery scheme, deposition location and subsequent density mixing are pivotal in achieving highly efficient mitigation, however, which are markedly influenced by magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) activities. In order to assess the influence of MHD-induced transport on disruption mitigation, a simulation of TQ triggered by pure deuterium (D) deposition is conducted using a three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear reduced MHD code, JOREK. Steady density sources (the deposition rate of 1024 D atoms per second is greater than in real experiments) are introduced at various locations to explore the dynamics. The findings distinctly reveal two types of TQ processes, contingent on locations of deposition (LoD) of the neutral D source. Evidently, the results underscore the effectiveness of proper density mixing and moderated MHD in disruption mitigation. Nonlinear mode coupling emerges as a significant factor in shaping the final outcomes of TQ. Specifically, the 5/2 mode contributes to edge collapse, whereas the 3/2 mode is instrumental in core collapse. Additionally, the investigation indicates that the rise in core density is contingent on LoD, exhibiting threshold behavior. This threshold is observed within the q = 2/1 surface of equilibria, and a rapid increase in core density is witnessed when the density source crosses this threshold. The outcomes point toward the important role of E × B convection due to the 1/1 mode evolution in the process.
Pixel design method for deformable structures based on gyroid and topology optimization
Authors: Zhang Wenhai , Hu Youkang , Qin Ling , Wang Jiyao , Xu Wei
Published: November 2023

Due to the outstanding mechanical properties of gyroid structures, the design of cellular structures based on gyroid lattices and topology optimization is currently a prominent research area in the field of additive manufacturing structural design. Stiffness topology optimization is commonly used in these designs, which improves the stability during specific loadings and the continuity of structures. However, there seems to be little discussion on manufacturing deformable cellular structures based on topology optimization for deformation. This topic has significant value in functionally graded material and programmable soft robotics design. In this work, a hyperelastic material is utilized to construct deformable gyroid lattices. The homogenization method is used to establish a database of variable-stiffness gyroid lattices with varying relative densities. The feasibility of guiding structural deformation through stiffness distribution is proved, and a pixel design method for deformable structures is proposed. In this work, the average normalized stiffness coefficient (ANSC) distribution is calculated by pixelating stiffness distribution. The soft gyroid lattices are used to fill up the design domain according to the ANSC distribution. Finally, two deformable structures, a cloaking metamaterial, and a compliant plier are analyzed to demonstrate the practicality of the proposed method.
Generation of magnetosonic waves by electrical explosion of conductors driven by mega-ampere current pulses
Authors: Oreshkin V. I. , Baksht R. B. , Chaikovsky S. A. , Cherdizov R. K. , Kokshenev V. A. , Kurmaev N. E. , Mesyats G. A. , Oreshkin E. V. , Ratakhin N. A. , Rousskikh A. G. , Zherlitsyn A. A. , Zhigalin A. S.
Published: November 2023

An experimental study of the explosion of cylindrical copper rods in the current skinning mode was performed using the GIT-12 high-current pulse generator with currents of amplitude up to 5 MA and rise time about 2 μs. It was observed that the waveforms of the electrical impedance of the exploded rods exhibited low-frequency oscillations with a period of several hundreds of nanoseconds. The results of the experiment with exploded solid copper rods carried out on the GIT-12 facility were interpreted by performing a series of magnetohydrodynamic calculations. It was shown that the experimentally observed low-frequency oscillations of the rod impedance were associated with a fast magnetosonic wave excited in the material of the rod.
Scaling high Rayleigh number natural convection boundary layer statistics: A vertical water tunnel experiment
Authors: Nakao Keisuke , Hattori Yasuo , Suto Hitoshi , Takimoto Hiroshi , Niida Yasuo
Published: November 2023

A high Rayleigh number natural convection boundary layer adjacent to the vertical heated wall was investigated at a large-scale facility. The global Rayleigh number (Rax) measured by the temperature difference between the wall and ambient water and the distance from the bottom of the heated wall reached 1013. Experimental results confirm that the global Nusselt number Nux is scaled by power 1/3 of Rax, which is similar to the well-known asymptote of the previously achieved Rax. The velocity field obtained using particle image velocimetry (PIV) indicated that the buoyancy-dominant outer-layer scaling suggested by Wells and Worster [A geophysical-scale model of vertical natural convection boundary layers, J. Fluid Mech. 609, 111–137 (2008)] was not only applicable to scale the lower-order velocity statistics but was also valid as a reasonable measure of the spatial correlation, probability distribution, and quadrant contribution features in the outer layer. The dynamical behavior of fluid motion captured by PIV supported a robust momentum transfer to positive wall-normal direction, which was sustained by the Q1 and Q3 quadrants. In addition, merging the existing literature and current data suggested that near-wall function can be applied at a moderate Rax; the universality of this wall-function model was confirmed around z×∼0.7 (where z× represents the near-wall scaled wall-normal distance, Kiš and Herwig [The near wall physics and wall functions for turbulent natural convection, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 55, 2625–2635 (2012)]). At a larger buoyancy regime, it was expected to follow a canonical boundary layer flow.
Spontaneous Hall effect in the magnetic Weyl semimetallic Eu2Ir2O7 (111) thin films
Authors: Ghosh Mithun , Samal D. , Kumar P. S. Anil
Published: November 2023

Here, we have carried out a low-temperature magnetization and magnetotransport study on epitaxial antiferromagnetic Eu2Ir2O7 (111) thin films with an all-in-all-out/all-out-all-in spin structure to delve into the possibility of realizing spontaneous Hall effect that can provide strong experimental evidence for the existence of the Weyl semimetallic phase. The temperature-dependent resistivity on Eu2Ir2O7 (111) thin films indicates a semimetallic transition below 90 K and the existence of a correlated metallic state in the high-temperature regime (90–300 K). Magnetoresistance measurements suggest that at a low temperature (below 10 K), the all-in-all-out (AIAO) spin structure is stable enough against the applied magnetic field, whereas above 10 K, application of magnetic field causes field-induced modification of the spin structure and plastic domain deformation. Hall resistivity shows a spontaneous Hall effect (SHE) in the low-temperature semimetallic phase of Eu2Ir2O7 (111) thin films with minimal magnetization (AIAO/all-out-all-in spin structure). The observed SHE provides strong evidence for the emergent Weyl semimetallic phase in the (111) thin film geometry of antiferromagnetic Eu2Ir2O7.
Reservoir closed-loop optimization method based on connection elements and data space inversion with variable controls
Authors: Liu Wei , Xu Yunfeng , Rao Xiang , Liu Deng , Zhao Hui
Published: November 2023

Reservoir simulation faces challenges in computational efficiency and uncertainty management for large-scale assets. This study presents an integrated framework combining the connection element method (CEM) and data space inversion with variable controls (DSIVC) for efficient history matching and optimized forecasting of reservoir performance. CEM reduces the computational cost of numerical simulation while retaining accuracy. DSIVC enables direct production forecasting after history matching without repeated model inversion. The CEM–DSIVC approach is applied to two reservoir cases. CEM efficiently constructs reservoir models honoring complex geology. DSIVC mathematically integrates production data to reduce uncertainty and parameter space. Without repeated forward simulation, optimized forecasts are obtained under different control strategies. Compared to conventional methods, CEM–DSIVC achieves reliable uncertainty quantification and optimized forecasting with significantly improved efficiency. This provides an effective solution to overcome limitations in simulating and managing uncertainty for large-scale reservoirs. The proposed approach leverages the complementary strengths of CEM and DSIVC, synergistically improving reservoir modeling, management, and decision-making. This integrated data-driven framework demonstrates strong potential as an advanced tool for efficient field development planning and optimization.
Cu-doped W18O49 nanowire reticular films for electrochromic supercapacitors
Authors: Wu Hongzhao , Ning Honglong , Li Muyun , Guo Chenxiao , Li Xinglin , Qiu Tian , Xu Zhuohui , Luo Cheng , Yao Rihui , Peng Junbiao
Published: November 2023

The method of improving the electrochromic properties of tungsten oxide by doping has attracted great interest. In this study, we successfully fabricated nanostructured tungsten oxide with different copper doping concentrations by a solvothermal method using copper chloride dihydrate and tungsten hexachloride as precursors. We found that the area-specific capacitance of the films gradually increased with the increase in doping concentration. The products were characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and chronoamperometry. The results show that the films we fabricated are reticular structures composed of nanowires. The doping of copper can improve the electron conductivity and shorten the ion transmission distance, thus improving energy storage properties. When the doping concentration is 7% and the annealing temperature is 200 °C, the film had the largest surface capacitance of 17.89 mF/cm2 and the capacitance retention reached 58.23%.
Response of ionizable block copolymer assemblies to solvent dielectrics: A molecular dynamics study
Authors: Senanayake Manjula , Aryal Dipak , Grest Gary S. , Perahia Dvora
Published: November 2023

Ionizable copolymers assembly in solutions is driven by the formation of ionic clusters. Fast clustering of the ionizable blocks often leads to the formation of far-from equilibrium assemblies that ultimately impact the structure of polymer membranes and affect their many applications. Using large-scale atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, we probe the effects of electrostatics on the formation of ionizable copolymer micelles that dominate their solution structure, with the overarching goal of defining the factors that control the assembly of structured ionizable copolymers. A symmetric pentablock ionizable copolymer, with a randomly sulfonated polystyrene center tethered to polyethylene-r-propylene block, terminated by poly(t-butyl styrene), in solvents of varying dielectric constants from 2 to 20, serves as the model system. We find that independent of the solvents, this polymer forms a core–shell micelle with the ionizable segment segregating to the center of the assembly. The specific block conformation, however, strongly depends on the sulfonation levels and the dielectric constant and the polarity of the solvents.
Optofluidic-based cell multi-axis controllable rotation and 3D surface imaging
Authors: Mao Yuxin , Li Songlin , Wang Zixin , Shao Meng , Wang Peng , Tan Xinyuan , Lu Fengya , Wang Yi , Wei Xunbin , Zhong Zhensheng , Zhou Jinhua
Published: November 2023

The controlled rotation of individual cells plays a crucial role in enabling three-dimensional multi-angle observation of cellular structure, function, and dynamic processes. Reported cell rotation techniques often struggle to strike a balance between high precision and simple control, and they exhibit limited control flexibility, typically achieving only uniaxial cell rotation. In this study, we propose a cell rotation technique in three dimensions based on optofluidics, which utilizes optical tweezers to immobilize the cell and exploits the asymmetry of the surrounding flow to drive cell rotation. By adjusting the focal position of the optical tweezers, cells can be positioned within various flow profiles, enabling control of the rotation speed, rotation direction, and rotation axis of cells. This approach simplifies the manipulation procedure, achieving desirable control precision and greater rotation flexibility. Using our approach, multi-angle surface imaging projections of target cells can be rapidly obtained, followed by capturing the cell contour data from the images. By combining the cell contour data with corresponding angular position information, we have reconstructed the 3D surface of the target cell. We have employed this technique in experiments for the analysis of red blood cell morphology. Based on the constructed 3D surface images of diverse-shaped red blood cells, we quantified structural parameters including cell surface area, volume, sphericity, and surface roughness, which demonstrates the potential application of this cell rotation technique for cellular morphological analysis.
A coupled model of electroporation and electrodeformation considering dynamic Young's modulus
Authors: Guo Fei , Luo Zhijun , Xiang Jun
Published: November 2023

Cells exposed to a pulsed electric field undergo electrodeformation (ED) and electroporation (EP) under the action of electric field stress, and this paper proposes a coupled model of EP and ED that considers the change in Young's modulus. The model considers the cytoplasmic membrane as a porous viscoelastic material and decreases in Young's modulus due to many pores generated on the plasma membrane after EP onset is further included. The results show that the degree of ED in this model is significantly larger than in previous models. This is mainly due to the generation of a large number of pores in the cell membrane, which increases the membrane porosity and causes significant decreases in Young's modulus, leading to the weakened ability of the cell to resist ED. The degree of cell EP and ED can be mitigated by increasing the pulse delay between H-FIRE pulses based on this model, which is consistent with previous studies. Our model can more accurately reflect the cell ED process by considering the decreases in Young's modulus of the cell membrane during EP. It can also provide theoretical guidance for biochemical experiments using H-FIRE pulses.