bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPORTÂNCIA DA PROGRAMAÇÃO NA EDUCAÇÃO FUNDAMENTAL: PREPARANDO ALUNOS PARA O FUTURO DIGITAL
Authors: Silva Rodolfo Gonçalves da , Moreno Danila Oliveira Silva , Lima Gean Paulo Trabuco , Araujo Josiane Reis , Silva Katiane Simplício da , Brandalise Leandromar
Published: July 2024

Este estudo investigou as ferramentas, metodologias e impactos do ensino de programação no ensino fundamental, com o objetivo de identificar as melhores práticas e propor estratégias para melhorar a qualidade e eficácia desse ensino nas escolas brasileiras. A pesquisa utilizou uma metodologia de revisão bibliográfica, analisando artigos científicos, livros, teses, dissertações e publicações em anais de congressos. Os resultados mostraram que ferramentas como Scratch e computação desplugada foram eficazes na introdução de conceitos de programação de forma acessível e envolvente. Jogos educativos e projetos práticos também se mostraram na aplicação de conceitos teóricos em situações reais. A formação contínua dos professores foi identificada como essencial para a eficácia do ensino de programação. Os impactos positivos incluíram o desenvolvimento de habilidades de resolução de problemas, pensamento crítico e inclusão digital. No entanto, desafios como a formação inadequada de professores e a falta de recursos tecnológicos foram destacados. As considerações finais sugeriram a necessidade de mais estudos para explorar práticas de formação de professores e estratégias para superar a falta de recursos tecnológicos. Concluiu-se que, apesar dos desafios, o ensino de programação no ensino fundamental oferece oportunidades significativas para o desenvolvimento integral dos alunos.
Possible impact of the 43 BCE Okmok volcanic eruption in Alaska on the climate of China as revealed in historical documents
Authors: Wang Pao K. , Lin Elaine Kuan-Hui , Lin Yu-Shiuan , Lee Chung-Rui , Lin Ho-Jiunn , Chen Ching-Wen , Pai Pi-Ling
Published: July 2024

Abstract. The Okmok volcanic eruption in Alaska has recently been discovered and is precisely dated to have occurred in 43 BCE. Some Chinese climate records of 43–33 BCE have been found in historical documents that provide descriptions of observed environmental abnormities that appear to be consistent with the anticipated changes due to volcanic climate forcing. In this paper, we provide a full translation with discussions of the Chinese climate records that may be related to the Okmok eruption. We have converted ancient Chinese calendar dates to modern Gregorian dates and provided the latitudes and longitudes of the geographical locations mentioned in the records. Relevant climate information in similar areas of China in the decades after the 1783 Laki eruption is also briefly summarized for comparison. We believe the detailed information contained in these records will be useful for further research on the climate impact of volcanic eruptions.
A comprehensive land surface vegetation model for multi-stream data assimilation, D&B v1.0
Authors: Knorr Wolfgang , Williams Matthew , Thum Tea , Kaminski Thomas , Voßbeck Michael , Scholze Marko , Quaife Tristan , Smallmann Luke , Steele-Dunne Susan , Vreugdenhil Mariette , Green Tim , Zähle Sönke , Aurela Mika , Bouvet Alexandre , Bueechi Emanuel , Dorigo Wouter , El-Madany Tarek , Migliavacca Mirco , Honkanen Marika , Kerr Yann , Kontu Anna , Lemmetyinen Juha , Lindqvist Hannakaisa , Mialon Arnaud , Miinalainen Tuuli , Pique Gaetan , Ojasalo Amanda , Quegan Shaun , Rayner Peter , Reyes-Muñoz Pablo , Rodríguez-Fernández Nemesio , Schwank Mike , Verrelst Jochem , Zhu Songyan , Schüttemeyer Dirk , Drusch Matthias
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Advances in Earth Observation capabilities mean that there is now a multitude of spatially resolved data sets available that can support the quantification of water and carbon pools and fluxes at the land surface. However, such quantification ideally requires efficient synergistic exploitation of those data, which in turn requires carbon and water land-surface models with the capability to simultaneously assimilate several of such data streams. The present article discusses the requirements for such a model and presents one such model based on the combination of the existing DALEC land vegetation carbon cycle model with the BETHY land-surface and terrestrial vegetation scheme. The resulting D&B model, made available as a community model, is presented together with a comprehensive evaluation for two selected study sites of widely varying climate. We then demonstrate the concept of land surface modelling aided by data streams that are available from satellite remote sensing. Here we present D&B with four observation operators that translate model-derived variables into measurements available from such data streams, namely: fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR), solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF), vegetation optical depth (VOD) at microwave frequencies, and near-surface soil moisture, also available from microwave measurements. As a first step, we evaluate the combined model system using local observations, and finally discuss the potential of the system presented for multi-stream data assimilation in the context of Earth Observation systems.
Improving runoff simulation in the Western United States with Noah-MP and VIC models
Authors: Su Lu , Lettenmaier Dennis P. , Pan Ming , Bass Benjamin
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Streamflow predictions are critical for managing water resources and for environmental conservation, especially in the water-short Western United States. Land surface models (LSMs), such as the variable infiltration capacity (VIC) model and the Noah LSM with multiparameterization options (Noah-MP), play an essential role in providing comprehensive runoff predictions across the region. Virtually all LSMs require parameter estimation (calibration) to optimize their predictive capabilities. Here, we focus on the calibration of VIC and Noah-MP models at a 1/16° latitude–longitude resolution across the Western United States. We first performed global optimal calibration of parameters for both models for 263 river basins in the region. We find that the calibration significantly improves the models' performance, with the median daily streamflow Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE) increasing from 0.37 to 0.70 for VIC, and from 0.22 to 0.54 for Noah-MP. In general, post-calibration model performance is higher for watersheds with relatively high precipitation and runoff ratios, and at lower elevations. At a second stage, we regionalize the river basin calibrations using the donor-basin method, which establishes transfer relationships for hydrologically similar basins, via which we extend our calibration parameters to 4816 hydrologic unit code (HUC)-10 basins across the region. Using the regionalized parameters, we show that the models' capabilities to simulate high and low flow conditions are substantially improved following calibration and regionalization. The refined parameter sets we developed are intended to support regional hydrological studies and hydrological assessments of climate change impacts.
Brief communication: Storm Daniel flood impact in Greece in 2023: mapping crop and livestock exposure from synthetic-aperture radar (SAR)
Authors: He Kang , Yang Qing , Shen Xinyi , Dimitriou Elias , Mentzafou Angeliki , Papadaki Christina , Stoumboudi Maria , Anagnostou Emmanouil N.
Published: July 2024

Abstract. For this brief communication, we analyzed the crop area and number of livestock exposed to flooding from the historic precipitation caused by Storm Daniel in central Greece on 3–8 September 2023. We derived from the near-real-time RAdar Produced Inundation Diary (RAPID) system an inundated area totaling 1150 km2, located mainly in the Thessalian plain. By overlaying a land cover map on the RAPID inundation map, we found that ∼ 820 km2 (70 %) of the inundated area was agricultural land. A detailed distribution map of crop type and animal farms revealed that the crop most affected by the flooding was cotton; the inundated area of more than 282 km2 comprised ∼ 30 % of the total area planted with cotton in central Greece. In terms of livestock, we estimated more than 14 000 ornithoids and 21 500 sheep and goats were affected. Consequences for agriculture and animal husbandry in Greece are expected to be severe.
Palaeoseismic crisis in the Galera Fault (southern Spain): consequences in Bronze Age settlements?
Authors: Martin-Rojas Ivan , Medina-Cascales Ivan , García-Tortosa Francisco Juan , Rodríguez-Ariza Maria Oliva , Molina González Fernando , Cámara Serrano Juan Antonio , Alfaro Pedro
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Palaeoseismological studies play a crucial role in the seismic characterization of regions with slow-moving faults. This is the case in the central Betic Cordillera, a highly populated area for which the record of prehistoric earthquakes is very limited, despite being one of the regions with the greatest seismic hazard in Spain. We present here a palaeoseismological characterization of the Galera Fault, one of the active faults accommodating deformation in the central Betic Cordillera. We excavated and analysed several trenches along the fault trace. We quantitatively correlate the results from these trenches, resulting in a surface rupture history involving seven or eight events (accounting for the epistemic uncertainties) during the last ca. 24 000 years, with recurrence intervals ranging from 1520 to 1720 years. Further analysis of this surface rupture history seems to indicate that the Galera Fault is prone to producing earthquake clusters as we recorded five events in ∼400 years (ca. 1536–1126 BCE) and only two events in the ∼3200 years that followed. Using the fault geometry and palaeoseismological data, we also carried out a seismogenic characterization of the fault. This analysis yielded a maximum expected magnitude of 6.7 ± 0.3 and a recurrence interval of 1857 years. Furthermore, we also present a geodetic rupture scenario for the maximum expected event, involving displacements of up to 0.5 m. Finally, we discuss the possible impact of the deduced palaeoearthquakes on the development of Bronze Age human settlements located in the vicinity of the fault. In addition to their intrinsic value, our results will provide the basis for future seismic-hazard assessments carried out in the central Betic Cordillera.
Brief communication: On the potential of seismic polarity reversal to identify a thin low-velocity layer above a high-velocity layer in ice-rich rock glaciers
Authors: Boaga Jacopo , Pavoni Mirko , Bast Alexander , Weber Samuel
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Seismic refraction tomography is a commonly used technique to characterise rock glaciers, as the boundary between unfrozen and ice-bearing layers represents a strong impedance contrast. In several rock glaciers, we observed a reversed polarity of the waves refracted by an extended ice-bearing layer compared to direct-wave arrivals. This phase change may be related to the presence of a thin low-velocity layer (LVL), such as fine- to coarse-grained sediments, above a thicker ice-rich layer. Our results are confirmed by the modelling and analysis of synthetic seismograms to demonstrate that the presence of a low-velocity layer can produce a polarity reversal on the seismic gather.
A New Gridded Offshore Wind Profile Product for US Coasts Using Machine Learning and Satellite Observations
Authors: Frech James , Saha Korak , Lavin Paige D. , Zhang Huai-Min , Reagan James , Fung Brandon
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Offshore wind farms are a low-cost, efficient technology for green energy. They deliver significant economic benefits through their manufacturing and operation, and can be readily deployed at scale. Offshore wind also offers a route to opening up access to renewable energy for a global population, 40 % of whom live within 100 km of the coast. Presently, offshore wind speed data around wind turbine hub heights are fairly limited, available either through in situ observations from wind masts and floating Light Detection and Ranging (lidar) buoys at selected locations or as forecasting-model based output such as from the 2023 National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) National Offshore Wind (NOW-23) and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis v5 (ERA5). In situ wind profiles are very sparse and costly to obtain en masse, whereas satellite-derived 10 m wind speeds have vast coverage at high resolution. In this study, we show the improvement of deploying machine learning techniques, in particular random forest regression (RFR), over conventional methods for accurately estimating offshore wind speed profiles on a high-resolution (0.25°) grid at 6-hourly resolution from 1987 to 2022 using satellite-derived surface wind speeds from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Centers for Environmental Information’s (NCEI) Blended Seawinds version 2.0 (NBSv2.0) product. We use 276,577 wind profiles from five publicly available lidar datasets over the Northeast US and California coasts to train and validate a RFR model to extrapolate wind speed profiles up to 200 m. A single extrapolation model applicable to the coastal regions of the contiguous US and Hawai’i is developed, instead of site-specific ones attempted in previous studies. Our RFR outperforms conventional extrapolation methods at the five training stations under cross validation (where each station is held out from the training once and used for validation), especially under conditions of high vertical wind shear and at wind turbine hub heights (~100 m). This model is then tested on two lidar stations that were not used in the training data and profiles from six NOW-23 station locations to evaluate its performance on unseen data. The final model is applied to the NBSv2.0 data from 1987–2022 to create publicly available wind speed profiles over the coastal regions of the contiguous US and Hawai’i on a 0.25° grid, which are shown to outperform NOW-23 and ERA-5 reanalysis at 100 m using a correlated triple collocation method over five years of matchup data (2015–2019). Gridded maps of wind profiles in the marine boundary layer over US coastal waters will enable the development of a suite of wind energy resources and will help stakeholders in their decision making related to wind-based renewable energy development.
Convergence and efficiency of global bases using proper orthogonal decomposition for capturing wind turbine wake aerodynamics
Authors: Céspedes Moreno Juan Felipe , Murcia León Juan Pablo , Andersen Søren Juhl
Published: July 2024

Abstract. The Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) can be applied by combining several datasets, i.e. using data obtained from simulations with different governing parameters. The resulting global POD basis is intended to represent all flows within the parameter space, and the convergence and efficiency of such global POD bases are evaluated here for the case of wind turbine wake aerodynamics in large wind farms. The analysis shows that the global POD bases have better performance across the parameter space than the optimal POD basis computed from a single dataset. The error associated with using a global basis across parameter space of reconstructions decreases and converges as more datasets are included, and there is a low sensitivity as to which datasets to include. It is also shown how this error is an order of magnitude smaller than the truncation error for 100 modes. Finally, the global basis applied to the highly turbulent flow within a wind farm has the advantage of providing consistent physical interpretability.
Paralaxe e summum bonum: resolução modal para o problema da constituição do sumo Bem
Authors: Salgado Maia Francisco
Published: July 2024

Kant estabelece como objeto último da razão prática aquilo a que chama summum bonum – a determinação teleológica absoluta constituída pela efetivação de um reino dos fins no qual a felicidade é distribuída em proporção com a moralidade dos agentes. Esta ligação entre felicidade e moralidade levanta problemas a quem esteja familiarizado com a deontologia de Kant: como pode a moralidade, que tem de ser autónoma e auto-suficiente, estar necessariamente ligada à felicidade tão desdenhada pela doutrina moral kantiana? Neste artigo far-se-á um levantamento dos elementos constitutivos na dedução do sumo Bem, procurar-se-á avaliar onde se encontram possíveis falhas de Kant no tocante a este objeto, e oferecer-se-á a possibilidade de uma nova compreensão da ligação entre a moralidade e a felicidade no sumo Bem, através da noção de paralaxe enquanto modalidade perspética.
Intestinal ultrasound for intestinal Behçet disease reflects endoscopic activity and histopathological findings
Authors: Yaguchi Katsuki , Kunisaki Reiko , Sato Sho , Hirai Kaori , Izumi Misato , Fukuno Yoshimi , Tanaka Mami , Okazaki Mai , Wu Rongrong , Nishikawa Yurika , Matsune Yusuke , Shibui Shunsuke , Nakamori Yoshinori , Nishio Masafumi , Matsubayashi Mao , Ogashiwa Tsuyoshi , Fujii Ayako , Toritani Kenichiro , Kimura Hideaki , Kumagai Eita , Sasahara Yukiko , Inayama Yoshiaki , Fujii Satoshi , Ebina Toshiaki , Numata Kazushi , Maeda Shin
Published: July 2024

Background/Aims: Intestinal Behçet disease is typically associated with ileocecal punched-out ulcers and significant morbidity and mortality. Intestinal ultrasound is a noninvasive imaging technique for disease monitoring. However, no previous reports have compared intestinal ultrasound with endoscopic ulcer activity or histopathological findings for intestinal Behçet disease. We evaluated the usefulness of intestinal ultrasound for assessing the activity of ileocecal ulcers in intestinal Behçet disease.Methods: We retrospectively compared intestinal ultrasound findings with 73 corresponding endoscopic images and 6 resected specimens. The intestinal ultrasound findings were assessed for 7 parameters (bowel wall thickness, vascularity [evaluated using the modified Limberg score with color Doppler], bowel wall stratification, white-plaque sign [strong hyperechogenic lines or spots], mesenteric lymphadenopathy, extramural phlegmons, and fistulas), and endoscopic ulcer activity was classified into active, healing, and scar stages. Histopathological findings were evaluated by consensus among experienced pathologists. Results: Bowel wall thickness (P<0.001), vascularity (P<0.001), loss of bowel wall stratification (P=0.015), and white-plague sign (P=0.013) were significantly exacerbated in the endoscopic active ulcer stage. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that a bowel wall thickness of > 5.5 mm (sensitivity 89.7%, specificity 85.3%) was potentially useful for detecting active lesions. When compared with histopathological findings, an increase in bowel wall thickness reflected the ulcer marginal ridge, and the white-plaque sign reflected the ulcer bottom. Conclusions: Intestinal ultrasound is useful for monitoring intestinal ulcer activity in intestinal Behçet disease.
Long-term efficacy and safety of tofacitinib in patients with ulcerative colitis: 3-year results from a real-world study
Authors: Shimizu Hiromichi , Aonuma Yuko , Hibiya Shuji , Kawamoto Ami , Takenaka Kento , Fujii Toshimitsu , Saito Eiko , Nagahori Masakazu , Ohtsuka Kazuo , Okamoto Ryuichi
Published: July 2024

Background/Aims: The efficacy and safety of tofacitinib for the treatment of refractory ulcerative colitis (UC) has been demonstrated in clinical trials. Although, a series of reports with real-world evidence of its short-term efficacy and safety profiles have already been published, reports of long-term real-world data have been limited. We aimed to show our 3-year evidence on the clinical use of tofacitinib for the treatment of UC, focusing on its efficacy and safety profiles. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on patients who started tofacitinib for active refractory UC at our hospital. The primary outcome was the retention rate until 156 weeks after initiating tofacitinib. The secondary outcomes were short-term efficacy at 4, 8, and 12 weeks; long-term efficacy at 52, 104, and 156 weeks; prognostic factors related to the cumulative retention rate; loss of response; and safety profile, including adverse events. Results: Forty-six patients who were able to be monitored for up to 156 weeks after tofacitinib initiation, were enrolled in this study. Continuation of tofacitinib was possible until 156 weeks in 54.3%, with > 50% response rates and > 40% remission rates. Among patients in whom response or remission was achieved and tofacitinib was deescalated after 8 weeks of induction treatment, 54.3% experienced relapse but were successfully rescued by and retained on reinduction treatment, except for 1 patient. No serious AEs were observed in the study. Conclusions: Tofacitinib is effective and safe as long-term treatment in a refractory cohort of UC patients in real-world clinical practice.
Usability of ChatGPT in Second Language Acquisition: Capabilities, Effectiveness, Applications, Challenges, and Solutions
Authors: Li Yiwen
Published: July 2024

In the realm of language acquisition, the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) presents a promising frontier. However, gaps exist in understanding the practical application of AI-driven tools, particularly in second language learning contexts. This study delves into the usability of ChatGPT, an advanced AI language model, within the domain of second language acquisition. This paper synthesizes existing literature on ChatGPT’s multifaceted capabilities, its effectiveness, its associated challenges, and the potential solutions to these challenges in language learning environments. This review demonstrates ChatGPT’s substantial potential in enhancing language learning outcomes, including fostering learner autonomy, improving motivation, and developing language proficiency. Yet, nuanced challenges such as preserving academic integrity and difficulties in crafting effective prompts emerge as crucial considerations. To address these issues, possible solutions including enhancing AI literacy among learners and educators are discussed. This paper sheds light on the complex dynamics of AI-assisted language education, urging ongoing research and refinement to fully utilize these technologies in enhancing second language learning.
Generative AI as Writing or Speaking Partners in L2 Learning: Implications for Learning-Oriented Assessments
Authors: Joo Soo Hyoung
Published: July 2024

The advent of generative AI (GenAI) technology has impacted second language (L2) learning and assessment, offering new opportunities for learners to practice and improve their skills. One approach gaining interest is employing GenAI tools as writing or speaking partners to provide personalized, real-time feedback and assistance to learners. These interactions allow learners to practice their writing and speaking skills while receiving assessment information on various aspects of language, including grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. Considering the potential of GenAI tools to enrich assessment and learning experiences, it is worth examining recent research on the use of this technology for this purpose.  This paper reviews the literature on the use of GenAI as writing and speaking partners through the lens of the Learning-Oriented Assessment (LOA) framework (Purpura, 2024; Turner & Purpura, 2016) to explore how assessment data from GenAI tools could be leveraged to further learning.
PENGARUH METODE BERCERITA TERHADAP PERILAKU KEMANDIRIAN ANAK USIA 4-5 TAHUN DI RA MIFTAHUL ULUM SUBANG
Authors: Mutmainnah Akbar Puspita Suci , Nirmala Ine , Putri Feronica Eka
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh pendekatan bercerita terhadap perilaku mandiri anak usia 4 hingga 5 tahun di RA Miftahul Ulum Subang. Riset mengadopsi metodologi kuantitatif kuasi-eksperimental dengan menggunakan The One Group Pretest Posttest Design. Sampelnya terdiri dari 15 anak usia 4 sampai 5 tahun di kelas A. Pengumpulan data meliputi evaluasi perilaku mandiri siswa. Analisis kuantitatif meliputi uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, uji normalisasi gain, dan uji beda rata-rata (Paired Sample T Test) dengan menggunakan software SPSS 24.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat penhgaruh  yang positif dan signifikan penggunaan metode bercerita terhadap perilaku mandiri anak usia 4 sampai 5 tahun di RA Miftahul Ulum Pringkasap Subang. Selain itu, nilai N-Gain sebesar 0,32 mencerminkan peningkatan perilaku mandiri anak sebesar 32%, tergolong sedang.
TEORI BELAJAR DAN PEMBELAJARAN DI PAUD
Authors: Sita Masita , Syamsuddin Ihwan P , Missouri Randhita
Published: July 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui Teori Belajar dan Pembelajaran di PAUD. Metode yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan jenis studi literature atau dikenal kajian pustaka.  Analisis data diambil dari sumber-sumber atau  dokumen yang relevan digunakan untuk menjelaskan dan menganalisis teori-teori social dan implikasinya terhadap perkembagan sosial anak. Hasil penelitian dan pembahasannya adalah: a). Taksonomi Pendidikan, diartikan sebagai klasifikasi berhierarki atau beberapa kategori yang berurutan secara hirerkis, b). Beberapa Pokok Pikiran Tentang Belajar dan Pembelajaran,  yakni tentang belajar terkait dengan penekanan terhadap pengaruh lingkungan dan pengaruh potensi yang dibawa sejak lahir, yang biasanya merupakan kemungkinan kemampuan umum, c). Teori Belajar Menurut Behaviorisme, yakni manusia terutama belajar karena pengaruh lingkunganm, d). Tori Belajar menurut Kognitivisme adalah kemampuan psikis atau mental manusia berupa mengamati, melihat, menyangka, memperhatikan, menduga dan menilai, e). Teori Belajar menurut Konstruktivisme, yakni belajar adalah membangun (to construct) pengetahuan itu sendiri, f). Teori Belajar menurut Humanisme, yakni  mengutamakan pada proses belajar bukan pada hasil belajar, g). Teori Belajar Menurut Sibernetika, adalah pengolahan informasi, h). Model Belajar Sepanjang Hayat, yakni belajar tidak terjadi hanya proses kematangan dari dalam saja (innate tendencies, yang merupakan faktor genetis), melainkan pengalaman diperoleh bersifat eksistensial, i). Tumbuh Kembang Anak, yakni Manusia belajar, tumbuh dan berkembang dari pengalaman diperolehnya melalui kehidupan keluarga, untuk sampai pada penemuan bagaimana ia menempatkan dirinya ke dalam keseluruhan kehidupan dimana ia berada, dan j). Ketrampilan Mengajar yakni ketrampilan mutlak harus dimiliki guru, dalam hal pemilikan ketrampilan mengajar, diharpkan guru dapat mengoptimalkan perannya dikelas.
The mucocutaneous junction and its associated nerves, immunoreactive cells and changes with age: a review with novel observations from human fetal and cadaveric specimens
Authors: Kitamura Kei , Sugiyama Yuki , Imai Kotoko , Yang Tianyi , Sekiya Ryo , Morita Kazuma , Murakami Gen , Yamamoto Hitoshi , Abe Shin-ichi
Published: July 2024

The mucocutaneous junction (MCJ) is a specific site located at body orifices such as the mouth, nose, eyelid, vulva, prepuce, and anus. The present study was conducted to reassess the MCJ in terms of 1) cytokeratin expression, 2) the distribution of immunoreactive cells, 3) nerves and their terminals, and 4) differences between near-term fetuses and adults. For cadaveric specimens after long-term preservation, cytokeratin 14 was useful for identification of the MCJ. In near-term fetuses, routine histology clearly demonstrated the putative MCJ due to transient, thick stratification of the squamous epithelium. This was most evident in the oral mucosa and less evident in the palpebral skin. In the anus and eyelid, the MCJ developed from highly proliferative epithelia of the anal sinus and meibomian gland, independent of the growing skin and mucosa. In elderly individuals, the MCJ was expanded in the nose and anus possibly as a result of mechanical stimuli, and was apparently connected to a hemorrhoid venous plexus. At the vulva and prepuce, a morphology intermediate between pseudostratified columnar and stratified squamous epithelia was evident. Except for the vulva and prepuce, corpusclelike nerve terminals were sandwiched between the dermal papillae and epidermis, whereas nerves arranged in parallel exhibited free ends beneath the mucosa. At the anus, the myenteric autonomic nerve plexus disappeared slightly orad to the MCJ. Langerhans cells were richly distributed in the skin stratum spinosum, while suppressive T lymphocyte clusters were present in the lamina propria mucosae. General rules and site-specificity of the MCJ were reviewed.
Investigation of the Basin Characteristics through Morphometric Analysis of Hadejia River Sub-Basin: Implications for Groundwater Recharge
Authors: H. Mudassir , M. R. Murtala
Published: July 2024

Understanding the geohydrological properties of a drainage basin in relation to the topographical feature and its flow patterns depends heavily on morphometric analysis. Estimating a watershed's frequency of infiltration and runoff as well as its other hydrological characteristics is also helpful. The study was conducted using Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques with the aim of establishing relationship between surface morphometry, underlying geology and groundwater recharge. For detailed measurement and analysis, Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and high resolution imageries were employed for basin delineation, slope characterization, channel network extraction and stream ordering in order to derive the linear, areal, and relief aspects of morphometric parameters. The findings showed that a total number of 116 streams joined the 4th order stream in which 83 streams were 1st order, 25 streams were 2nd order, 7 streams were 3rd order and the major trunk was 4th order stream, occupied an area of 1486.86km2. The stream network's drainage system exhibits dendritic design. The results further indicate that the values for stream frequency, infiltration number, drainage density, drainage texture, length of overland flow, elongation ratio and basin relief are 0.08, 0.032, 0.41km/km2, 0.023, 1.22km, 0.54 and 28.59m respectively. The observed values of both linear, areal and relief parameters were generally low. Low values for the areal and relief criteria indicates that the sub-basin is at its youthful stage of development and possesses very good permeable subsurface formation and prospect with the possibility of high potential groundwater resources. The result help us understand the connections between hydrological variables and geomorphological parameters as guidance and/or decision-making instruments for the authorities to develop decisions for the environmentally friendly growth of the basin, water supply planning, water budgeting, and disaster mitigation within the Hadejia river sub-basin.
Modélisation de la bathymétrie par Pléiades Neo en baie de Saint-Malo: transfert radiatif et réseaux de neurones
Authors: Collin Antoine , James Dorothée , Monpert Coralie , Loyer Sophie , Palola Pirta , Wedding Lisa , Feunteun Eric
Published: July 2024

Malgré l’intérêt croissant pour la cartographie des fonds marins, seul un quart d’entre eux a pu être levé fidèlement à une résolution de l’ordre du km (30 arc-secondes). Ceci s’explique par les lourds coûts engendrés par les campagnes par bateau (sonar) et/ou par avion (lidar). Ainsi, la bathymétrie dérivée de satellite connaît un essor considérable depuis deux décennies. En fer de lance, l’imagerie multispectrale à très haute résolution spatiale de Pléiades Neo dispose de 6 bandes (4 visibles, 1 red edge, et 1 infrarouge) pourvues d’une résolution spatiale de 1,2 m, surclassant ainsi l’imagerie multispectrale de Pléiades-1 dotée de 4 bandes (3 visibles et 1 infrarouge) à 2 m. En s’appuyant sur un jeu de données Pléiades Neo 4 acquis au-dessus des eaux modérément turbides de la baie de Saint-Malo, ce travail a permis de quantifier les contributions des bandes deep blue et red edge à la prédiction de la bathymétrie lidar en regard de la nature de la modélisation, et de l’architecture du réseau neuronal. Premièrement, la modélisation semi-analytique (transfert radiatif) basée sur les transformées de ratio, testées individuellement et linéairement: le remplacement de la bande bleu par la bande deep blue a diminué la régression linéaire standard (bleu-vert-rouge-infrarouge, R2=0,36) de 11,1%, mais le remplacement de la bande rouge par red edge, a produit le même score. Deuxièmement, la modélisation semi-analytique basée sur la transformée de ratio Pléiades-1 versus la combinaison des 15 transformées Pléiades Neo : augmentations respectives de 52,8% de la régression linéaire (R2Pléiades-1=0,36, et R2Pléiades Neo=0,55), et de 36,2% de la régression non-linéaire par réseau de neurones à deux couches cachées à trois neurones (R2Pléiades-1=0,58, et R2Pléiades Neo=0,79). Finalement, la modélisation empirique basée sur la bonification spectrale de la simulation de Pléiades-1 par deep blue et red edge a généré un gain maximal de 6% pour la régression linéaire (R2Pléiades-1=0,50, et R2Pléiades Neo=0,53) et de 1,4% pour la régression non-linéaire par réseau de neurones à deux couches cachées à trois neurones (R2Pléiades-1=0,73, et R2Pléiades Neo=0,74).
Early detection of celiac disease through its common symptoms using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Dooraki Shiva Khalili ,   Department of Biology, Tabriz Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
Published: July 2024

Celiac disease is a common systemic immune-mediated disease caused by an abnormal immune response to gluten proteins, a protein found in grains such as wheat, barley, and rye. The only effective treatment for celiac disease is a lifelong gluten-free diet. This disease has spread worldwide, and its prevalence in the general population is estimated at 1% worldwide. Celiac disease is highly heritable, and its pathogenesis involves gluten antigens presented on the surface of HLA complexes, mainly haplotypes DQ2 and DQ8. However, even if the genetic predisposition shown by these haplotypes is known to be obligatory for celiac disease, it is not sufficient to explain the overall predisposition to the disease. The first step to diagnosing the disease is usually based on serological tests and small bowel biopsy, but due to non-standard serological tests and inappropriate biopsies, the diagnosis of celiac disease is difficult. In addition, the onset of celiac disease includes a wide range of symptoms, which makes early diagnosis of celiac disease very important and vital to prevent long-term complications of these annoying symptoms. For this reason, considering the importance of early diagnosis of this disease, our goal in this study was to apply several machine learning algorithms to train several models and test their performance in predicting celiac disease based on common features and symptoms. This study was conducted on 50 suspected celiac disease samples with an average age of 32 years. 70% of the samples were positive for the disease, and the remaining 30% were negative. The 10-fold cross-validation method was used for training the model. Finally, by using a metaclassifier and the majority vote of all 5 models, including K-Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Machine, Naive Bayes, Decision Tree, and Random Forest, we were able to achieve an accuracy of 0.8, recall of 0.88, precision of 1, and f-measure of 0.88. The most important features were identified to optimize the prediction performance. The 5 most important features were age, gluten sensitivity, chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, and lactose intolerance.
Intraosseous cavernous hemangioma of parietal bone: A case report and literature review
Authors: Tariq Areeba ,   Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
Published: July 2024

Introduction and background: Intraosseous Hemangiomas or Primary Intraosseous Hemangiomas (PIH) are slow-growing innocuous blood vessel tumors that make up less than 1% of all bone malignancies [1]. These lesions are estimated to account for 0.2 percent of all benign skull tumors [4], with a clear female predisposition (3:1) [2]. Prior trauma to the region is thought to be the most prevalent cause of intraosseous hemangiomas. They bleed profusely when removed or biopsied; therefore, preoperative diagnosis of the lesion’s vascular character is critical [8]. They are most frequently seen in the vertebral skeleton, although they can also be found in the calvarium and facial bones. The temporal bone is the most prevalent place in the head after the vertebral skeleton, followed by the parietal, mandible, malar, and zygomatic areas [8]. In this case report, we discuss the case of a 9-year-old male who presented with a large soft mass in his right parietal region.
Gender labor segregation in the care economy: needs research and solutions
Authors: Lipovka A. , Nugmanova M. , Rakhimbekova Zh.
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the research to determine the needs and workload of people who provide free care for their elderly relatives at home.

   Methodology – a mixed method was applied, which included an electronic individual questionnaire with open and closed questions among 201 residents of Kazakhstani urban and rural areas.

   Originality / value of the research - the first study in Kazakhstan aimed at identifying the needs and the time use of people engaged in unpaid care for their elderly relatives.

   Findings: A social and demographic portrait of a caregiver for an older adult at home was composed, the share of institutional, paid and unpaid care in households and the distribution of household workload between spouses were estimated, and the perception of gender equality in families was defi ned. The study showed that the basic needs of people caring for their older relatives at home included benefi ts and payments, services of a public social worker /compensation for care assistant services, a solid pension, an increase in the caregiver’s social status, free medicines and medical care. A shortage of institutional care services for older people in Kazakhstan has been identifi ed, and recommendations for developing a national care system have been proposed.
Current state and analysis of the demographic situation of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Turekulova D. M. , Kobenova G. I. , Ryumkina I. N.
Published: July 2024

This article examines the current demographic situation of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the context of the quality of human potential and the increase in the effi ciency of human resources.

   Purpose of the research. This study aims to comprehensively analyse the current demographic situation in the Republic of Kazakhstan, highlight the country's leading trends and challenges, and off er recommendations for improving demographic policies and practices.

   Methodology. The research methods are economic-statistical and correlation-regression analyses. The article also uses general methods of understanding reality: generalisations, comparisons, and descriptions.

   Originality / value of the research. The authors analysed the statistical data of the population of Kazakhstan for the period from 2012 to 2023 in the context of structural changes and geographical conditions. Authors also conducted a comparative analysis of natural growth in individual countries and the Republic of Kazakhstan.

   Findings. The critical factors of fertility and natural population growth have been identified. Attention is paid to the country's changing demographic profi le in connection with economic, social, and political transformations. A list of legal acts determining the country's demographic policy today is presented. Acorrelation and regression analysis of factors such as gdp per capita and the average amount of assigned state social benefi ts was carried out. The authors also present a diagram that forms the environment for family planning and population reproduction. This scheme consists of elements that determine the process of natural reproduction in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Conclusions and practical recommendations based on the study results are presented, and further directions for an in-depth study of this topic are outlined. The article also emphasises the need for an integrated approach to implementing demographic policy in the country.
Experimental studies of cardiovascular assist device and coronary artery model with mock circulatory loop
Authors: Gao Qi
Published: July 2024

The mock circulatory loop (MCL) is an in vitro experimental system that can provide continuous pulsatile flows and simulate different physiological or pathological parameters of the human circulation system. With MCL, experimental studies can be conducted to investigate clinical problems in vitro. Cardiovascular diseases associated with coronary artery are the most significant issues causing human deaths. The coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a surgery procedure for treating the coronary artery disease. Therefore, silicone models of coronary artery and graft anastomosis with a 45-degree end-to-side structure are connected in the circulation of MCL system. Simulated boold flows can be in vitro studied for understanding the causes of coronary artery diseases and graft failure in the aspect of hemodynamics. Moreover, percutaneous ventricular assist device (pVAD) is an effective method to treat heart failure, but its complications, mainly including hemolysis and thrombus formation, cannot be ignored. Hydraulic performance and hemolysis experiments are essential to guide the development of pVAD. The experiments on testing thrombus location can help reducing the incidence of complications.
Barriers in early detection of colorectal cancer and exploring potential solutions
Authors: Aleissa Maryam , Drelichman Ernesto Raul , Mittal Vijay K , Bhullar Jasneet Singh
Published: July 2024

This editorial discusses the literature review article by Tonini and Zanni, the paper was published in January 2024, and the authors provided very interesting conclusions regarding existing barriers to the early diagnosis of colon cancer. Many cancers do not have identifiable precursors, or there are currently no screening tests to find them. Therefore, these cancers do not have preventive screening options. Early detection is crucial for reducing mortality rates by identifying cancer at an earlier stage through screening, as opposed to no screening. Colorectal cancer develops from precancerous lesions, which can be detected early and potentially prevented and cured. Early detection leads to improved survival rates, decreased complications, and reduced healthcare expenses. This editorial provides a brief description of the biology of colon cancer, emphasizing the contrast in outcomes between early detection and late detection. We also describe screening programs around the globe and examine the barriers in each program. Finally, we explore potential future solutions to enhance inclusion in screening programs and improve patient compliance.
Circadian rhythm disruption and endocrine-related tumors
Authors: Savvidis Christos , Kallistrou Efthymia , Kouroglou Eleni , Dionysopoulou Sofia , Gavriiloglou Georgios , Ragia Dimitra , Tsiama Vasiliki , Proikaki Stella , Belis Konstantinos , Ilias Ioannis
Published: July 2024

This review delved into the intricate relationship between circadian clocks and physiological processes, emphasizing their critical role in maintaining homeostasis. Orchestrated by interlocked clock genes, the circadian timekeeping system regulates fundamental processes like the sleep-wake cycle, energy metabolism, immune function, and cell proliferation. The central oscillator in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus synchronizes with light-dark cycles, while peripheral tissue clocks are influenced by cues such as feeding times. Circadian disruption, linked to modern lifestyle factors like night shift work, correlates with adverse health outcomes, including metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, infections, and cancer. We explored the molecular mechanisms of circadian clock genes and their impact on metabolic disorders and cancer pathogenesis. Specific associations between circadian disruption and endocrine tumors, spanning breast, ovarian, testicular, prostate, thyroid, pituitary, and adrenal gland cancers, are highlighted. Shift work is associated with increased breast cancer risk, with PER genes influencing tumor progression and drug resistance. CLOCK gene expression correlates with cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer, while factors like aging and intermittent fasting affect prostate cancer. Our review underscored the intricate interplay between circadian rhythms and cancer, involving the regulation of the cell cycle, DNA repair, metabolism, immune function, and the tumor microenvironment. We advocated for integrating biological timing into clinical considerations for personalized healthcare, proposing that understanding these connections could lead to novel therapeutic approaches. Evidence supports circadian rhythm-focused therapies, particularly chronotherapy, for treating endocrine tumors. Our review called for further research to uncover detailed connections between circadian clocks and cancer, providing essential insights for targeted treatments. We emphasized the importance of public health interventions to mitigate lifestyle-related circadian disruptions and underscored the critical role of circadian rhythms in disease mechanisms and therapeutic interventions.
Dal rene all'occhio: che cos'è la TINU?
Authors: Sapienza Giada Maria , Greco Martina , Cardilicchia Marco , Lo Scalzo Lucia , Spallino Eugenia , Corrado Ciro , Pavone Giovanni , Cusumano Rosa , Sapia Maria Chiara , D'Alessandro Maria Michela , Corsello Giovanni
Published: July 2024

An eight-year-old boy presenting with interstitial nephritis (abdominal pain, microhematuria, glycosuria, proteinuria, elevated urinary beta2-microglobulin levels) was eventually diagnosed with TINU syndrome (tubulointerstitial nephritis associated with uveitis) following the late onset of uveitis.
Una pubertà che brucia le tappe
Authors: Solidoro Sara
Published: July 2024

The diagnosis of idiopathic central precocious puberty was eventually made in an 8-year-old boy with increased testicular volume and growth rate in the absence of bone age advancement based on an elevated baseline LH level.
Leveraging Digital Innovation: Lessons for Implementation
Authors: Burger Christoph , Weinmann Jens
Published: July 2024

Digital technologies offer unprecedented opportunities for organizations to realize efficiency gains and explore new lines of business. However, their integration into existing corporate structures and routines hardly materializes without frictions and the need for organizational adaptation. This collection of corporate narratives assembles best practice cases of companies – ranging from startups to multinational players and Hidden Champions – that have successfully managed to implement and leverage these innovations. Ten distinct use cases focus on three disruptive technologies, Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain and Robotic Process Automation. Interviews with practitioners address hurdles they encountered, and ways how to gain strategic support of key stakeholders within the organization. The ambition of this compilation is to describe concrete initiatives and derive insights from the experience of implementing disruptive technologies in a given corporate context. It highlights the advantages and potential pitfalls of differing pathways of implementation, including an internal setup with centers of excellence sharing their expertise with business units, the move towards an ambidextrous organization, and joint ventures with niche players in the larger innovation ecosystem. Based on their aggregated experience, this book provides a roadmap for executives how to become agents of change and implement digital transformation in their organizations. For the academic audience, the testimonials of practitioners offer ethnographic insights that depict the complexity of actual corporate change initiatives within a context of uncertainty and mimetic isomorphism.