bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-perceived attention difficulties are associated with sensory hypersensitivity in migraine
Authors: Lévêque Yohana , Masson Rémy , Fornoni Lesly , Moulin Annie , Bidet-Caulet Aurélie , Caclin Anne , Demarquay Geneviève
Published: August 2019

Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate potential interactions between sensory hypersensitivity and attentional difficulties in migraineurs. Methods: Forty-six episodic migraineurs without aura and 46 healthy controls filled out questionnaires on self-perceived attention difficulties and self-reported sensitivity to visual, auditory and olfactory stimulations.Results: Compared to controls, migraineurs reported significantly higher levels of attention difficulty and sensory sensitivity. Sensory hypersensitivity correlated significantly with attentional difficulties in migraineurs (p=0.002), but not with migraine disability or levels of anxiety or depression. Ictal and interictal sensory sensitivity were significantly correlated in migraineurs within visual (p<.001), auditory (p<.001) and olfactory (p=.001) modalities. Conclusion: Self-reported attentional difficulties, multimodal sensory hypersensitivity and the association between both may reflect the fact that external stimuli engage attention in an exacerbated manner in migraineurs, yielding distraction.
Rapid adaptation to fully intelligible nonnative-accented speech reduces listening effort
Authors: Brown Violet Aurora , McLaughlin Drew Jordan , Strand Julia Feld , Van Engen Kristin J.
Published: August 2019

In noisy settings or when listening to an unfamiliar talker or accent, it may be difficult to recognize spoken language. This difficulty typically results in reductions in speech intelligibility, but may also increase the effort necessary to process the speech. In the current study, we used a dual-task paradigm and pupillometry to assess the cognitive costs associated with processing fully intelligible accented speech, predicting that rapid perceptual adaptation to an accent would result in decreased listening effort over time. Both paradigms revealed greater effort for nonnative- relative to native-accented speech, as well as an overall reduction in listening effort over the course of the experiment, but only the pupillometry experiment revealed greater adaptation to nonnative- relative to native-accented speech. An exploratory analysis of the dual-task data that attempted to minimize practice effects, however, revealed weak evidence for greater adaptation to the nonnative accent. These results suggest that even when speech is fully intelligible, resolving deviations between the acoustic input and stored lexical representations incurs a processing cost, and adaptation may attenuate this cost.
Pelatihan Penggunaan Media ICT Online bagi Guru, Orang Tua dan Siswa SMP IT Insan Mulia Manokwari berupa Edmodo dan Schoology
Authors: Suparman Achmad Rante , Paiki Fridolin F
Published: August 2019

Tujuan utama pengabdian masyarakat berupa pelatihan penggunaan media ICT online bagi guru, orang tua dan siswa di SMP IT Insan Mulia Manokwari adalah mengenalkan jenis-jenis media online yang yang dapat digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran berupa Edmodo dan Schoology. Pelatihan dilakukan dengan terperinci, dengan membagi kelas guru, kelas orang tua dan kelas siswa dalam mempelajari penggunaan media ICT berupa Edmodo dan Schoology. Dalam proses pelatihan dilakukan pendampingan yang dilakukan oleh tim PKM. Disamping pengenalan media ICT, dalam pelatihan ini dilakukan juga penugasan agar lebih memahami tentang penggunaan media ICT online tersebut. Penugasan dibedakan antara tugas guru, tugas orang tua dan tugas siswa. Untuk mengetahui keberhasilan kegiatan pengabdian ini, dilakukan evaluasi tahap akhir. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan dua cara yaitu wawancara dan pengisian angket. Hasil evaluasi tersebut di olah dan dibuat dalam bentuk diagram pelaksanaan kegiatan. Hasil evaluasi dari kegiatan ini disampaikan kepada pihak sekolah dan pihak-pihak terkait. Dari hasil tersebut diperoleh bahwa tingkat kepuasan peserta pelatihan sangat tinggi, dimana 92% puas dengan proses pelatihan, baik dari segi materi, penyampaian materi, proses diskusi, pelatihan individu dan hasil penelitian. Pengabdian ini menambah pengetahuan dan keterampilan peserta pelatihan
Penerapan Pencatatan dan Laporan Akuntansi Pada Usaha Mikro Kecil Dan Menengah (UMKM)
Authors: Mulyani Ade Sri , Nurhayaty Ety , Miharja Kasmanto
Published: August 2019

Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) merupakan salah satu penggerak perekonomian, walaupun mempunyai kontribusi yang besar, kenyataan menunjukan bahwa Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) masih belum dapat mewujudkan kemampuannya secara maksimal, dikarenakan masih kurangnya pengetahuan dari para pelaku usaha dalam melakukan penerapan akuntansi dalam mengelola hasil usaha, jika akuntansi dilakukan secara baik, maka para pelaku usaha dapat mengambil keputusan dalam menjalankan usaha sesuai dengan data yang akurat, bukan berdasarkan pengalaman dan ingatan saja. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasi dengan kuisioner dan wawancara langsung dengan responden. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis dekriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) masih belum banyak yang  menerapkan akuntansi sesuai dengan siklus akuntansi, para pelaku usaha baru melakukan tahap awal dari akuntansi seperti mengumpulkan bukti transaksi dan mencatat transaksi yang terjadi. Kendala yang dihadapi oleh para pelaku usaha adalah masih kurangnnya pengetahuan dan kesadaran  yang dimiliki para pelaku usaha untuk melakukan pencatatan dan pelaporan akuntansi, para pelaku usaha beranggapan bahwa hanya dengan melakukan pengumpulan bukti transaksi dan pencatatan transaksi yang terjadi mereka sudah dapat menentukan laba, tanpa perlu membuat laporan keuangan, karena menurut para pelaku usaha membuat laporan keuangan memerlukan biaya yang cukup bear dan waktu yang lama.
Pelatihan Pembuatan Laporan Rekapitulasi Keluarga Prasejahtera Pada Kecamatan Karawang Barat
Authors: Azis Mohammad Syamsul
Published: August 2019

Komputer adalah perangkat yang tidak bisa lepas dari dunia kerja, apalagi penggunanya terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Sehingga orang tidak bisa lepas dengan satu perangkat ini. Seperti halnya negara kita negara Indonesia yang sebagian besar penduduknya sudah menggunakan perangkat ini untuk meyelesaikan berbagai tugas. Dengan pentingnya manfaat komputer ini tentunya sistem pemerintahan pun wajib menggunkan perangkat ini agar tugas-tugas di negara ini semakain cepat terselesaikan dan lebih tepat sasaran, dibandingkan hanya mengandalakan kemampuan menulis atau teknik-teknik konvensional yang dirasa bisa memakan waktu yang lama dan kurang optimal. Oleh karena itu, kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kemampuan masyarakat agar dapat menerapkan program kerja yang berbasis komputer. Kegiatan pertama terdiri dari satu hari membuat laporan dengan menggunakan microsoft excel, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan membuat surat menyurat menggunakan micorsoft word, dan ditutup dengan memberikan ketrampilan masyrakat dalam hal presentasi menggunakan power point. Setelah diadakannya pengabdian ini diharapkannya masyarakat yang terdapat pada lembaga pemerintahan mampu mengoperasikan tugas-tugasnya dengan komputer dengan baik dan menghasilkan hasil yang lebih optimal dibandingkan hasil yang sebelumnya yang masih menggunakan cara konvensional dan manfaatnya bisa dirasakan bagi petugasnya dan masyrakat yang dilayaninya serta bisa menjadi rujukan untuk kegiatan selanjutnya yang sejenis dengan pengabdian masyrakat ini.
Pelatihan Kewirausahaan dan Peningkatan Kualitas Manajemen dan Tata Kelola Keuangan Bagi Pelaku UMKM di Lingkungan PKK Tiban Global Batam
Authors: Febriyantoro Mohamad Trio , Harris Ibnu , Sundiman Didi , Pradana MN Reza , Lestari Emi
Published: August 2019

Dalam rangka mendukung program pemerintah dalam menciptakan wirausaha dan mendukung peningkatan kualitas para UMKM maka prodi Manajemen akan memberikan pelatihan kepada para UMKM yang berada di lingkungan PKK Tiban Global, Pelatihan ini bertujuan meningkatkan kemampuan berwirausaha dan meningkatkan kualitas manajemen dan tata kelola keuangan sehingga dapat menciptakan UMKM yang mandiri. Kegiatan ini dilakukan melalui tiga tahap yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi. Kegiatan pelatihan ini dilaksanakan dalam dua kali pertemuan yang dihadiri oleh 25 peserta dari pelaku UMKM di lingkungan PKK Tiban Global. Berdasarkan dari hasil dan pembahasan pada kegiatan ini, pelaku UMKM dibekali tentang pendidikan kewirausahaan, strategi pemasaran yang efektif dan pengelolaan keuangan sederhana serta mengenali berbagai skema pembiayaan yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh pelaku UMKM.
PELATIHAN MICROSOFT EXCEL SEBAGAI PENUNJANG KETRAMPILAN HARD SKILL BAGI SISWA PADA SMK YPSEI PALANGKA RAYA
Authors: Petro San , Swatan Karnadi Handoko
Published: August 2019

Pada era Revolusi Industri 4.0, peran mata pelajaran TIK (Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi) sangat dibutuhkan bagi para siswa sebagai bekal bagi mereka dalam menghadapi perubahan dan tuntutan jaman. Sejak adanya penerapan kurikulum 2013 (K-13), TIK hanya diajarkan pada Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan untuk lintas minat atau pendalaman minat bidang teknologi informasi dan komunikasi saja, tidak diwajibkan secara umum. SMK berperan sebagai sekolah yang menyelenggarakan pendidikan kejuruan yang menerapkan program keahlian seperti teknik mesin, perkantoran, seni rupa, tata boga, administrasi dll yang dapat memberi bekal salah satunya ketrampilan hard skill yang menunjang profesional skill. Mengoperasikan komputer merupakan bagian ketrampilan hard skill, siswa perlu memiliki ketrampilan dalam mengoperasikan program yang terdapat di Windows dan program yang paling sering digunakan yaitu Microsoft Excel. Microsoft Excel umumnya dikenal sebagai software pengolah angka atau bisa dikatakan sebagai program aplikasi lembar yang berfungsi mengolah data secara otomatis seperti perhitungan, rumus, pemakaian fungsi, tabel, pembuatan grafik dan manajemen data untuk menciptakan data informasi digunakan dalam rangka pengambilan keputusan. Pemanfaatan sarana lab komputer yang belum dilaksanakan secara maksimal digunakan siswa karena tidak adanya mata pelajaran yang berkaitan secara langsung dengan komputer sehingga pemanfaatan program komputer seperti Microsoft Excel belum maksimal diterapkan di sekolah-sekolah.Dengan adanya kegiatan pelatihan terkait Microsoft Excel yang dilaksanakan di SMK YPSEI, diharapkan siswa dapat memiliki bekal ketrampilan penggunaan aplikasi komputer sebagai sarana TIK secara praktik. Kata Kunci: Microsoft Excel, Ketrampilan Hard Skill, Siswa
Persepsi Mahasiswa dalam Pembelajaran Online* *Pengembangan teori dari penelitian berjudul “persepsi mahasiswa terhadap materi ajar pada pembelajaran online” yang telah dipublikasi di Jurnal Eduscience Vol. 3/1
Authors: Adijaya Nuryansyah
Published: August 2019

Internet connection has become inseparable part in modern life because it can help people do their activities easier in many areas of work, including in education. Thus, many education practitioners and institutions create online learning to support their learning-teaching process. Online learning is also considered more practical to hold learning teaching activities because it does not need a classroom to run the activities. So, lecture and students can create a class from different place. However, online learning faces some problems in its application; student’s interaction and learning environment. Therefore, this study is intended to explore those problems based on students’ perception. Survey research with Likert scale technique was used to get the data by giving 100 students questioners. But, only 54 students returned the questioners. Based on the questioners that have been analyzed, researchers found that students face some problems to interact, not only with other students but also with lecturer. It is shown by high percentage of students’ disagreement to statements that declare students’ interaction in online class already support them in learning process. Likewise learning environment, students feel that learning environment in online learning less support them in learning teaching process. Thus, to help students develop their interaction and learning environment, lecturers can facilitate them by creating a group in social media to interact and boost learning environment atmosphere among class members. Keywords: Online learning, Student’s interaction, Learning environment
PENGARUH TEKNIK PEMBELAJARAN DAN KECERDASAN LINGUISTIK TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN MENULIS TEKS RECOUNT BAHASA INGGRIS
Authors: Yani Oktariyani Oktariyani , Asra Layni Asra
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT- This research aimed at finding out the effect of learning technique and linguistic intelligence towards recount text writing skill in SMPN 1 Way Tenong West Lampung. The research used a 2x2 factorial design. The sample was 30 students selected from the students of SMPN 2 Way Tenong West Lampung through multistage random sampling. There were two chosen groups as experimental. The first group taught by using Cooperative Integrated reading Composition (CIRC) learning technique and second group taught by Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) learning technique. The results of this research showed that (1) there is a difference score of the recount text writing skills English language learning among groups of students using learning techniques (CIRC) and a group of students who are learning using learning techniques (STAD) (the score of F = 0.99> F 0.258), (2) there is a positive interaction between teaching technique and linguistic intelligence (high and low) on the results of recount text writing skills in English (F value = 25.50> F = 2.95 for α = 0.05 and α = 0.01) , (3) the students who have high linguistic intelligence, there are differences in the score of the recount text writing skills English language students better use learning techniques (STAD) than the group of students with teaching techniques (CIRC), (Qhit = 7.45> Qtab = 3.15 at level α = 0.05 and α = 0.01). (4) the students who have low linguistic intelligence linguistic, there is a difference in the score of the recount text writing skills English language students better used teaching techniques (CIRC) than the group of students with teaching techniques (STAD), (Qhit = 10.18> Qtab = 3.15 at level α = 0.05 and α = 0.01). Key words: recount text writing skill, learning technique: CIRC and STAD, intelligence linguistic
Exemplary Punishment: T.R.L. MacInnes, the Department of Indian Affairs, and Indigenous Executions, 1936–52
Authors: Briggs Jacqueline
Published: August 2019

This article focuses on a series of death penalty recommendations written by Department of Indian Affairs (dia) Secretary Thomas Robert Loftus (T.R.L.) MacInnes between 1936 and 1952, arguing that these recommendations contributed to the increase in Indigenous executions in the 1940s. Identifying MacInnes as a “born bureaucrat” and member of the governing elite in a brief biographical sketch, professional and personal connections are drawn between MacInnes and Duncan Campbell Scott, arguing that MacInnes inherited Scott’s legacy and extended his influence for another generation in the department. A discussion of the social and political context of the dia in the 1940s describes changes in the department at the culmination of a long period of policy stability stretching from the early nineteenth century. Attention is paid to networks of knowledge production and centralization of control at dia headquarters in Ottawa, and how the information collected from the field enabled MacInnes to claim expertise as an amateur criminologist. An analysis of themes in the recommendations reveals a reliance on tropes from the quasi science of criminal anthropology in classifying Indigenous peoples on a scale of criminal responsibility that mapped onto racial hierarchies and the dia’s “civilization policy.” The article discusses how MacInnes constructed and deployed racializing narratives in response to the “problem” of Indigenous peoples rejecting whiteness and explains how he positioned Indigenous executions as a being in the “interest of Indian administration.”
Je me souviensToo: Eugene Forsey and the Inclusiveness of 1950s’ British Canadianism
Authors: Dummitt Christopher
Published: August 2019

This article tells the story of the 1951–2 debate over the removal of the term “Dominion” from Canadian legislation and official life. It focuses on the role of constitutional expert and labour activist Eugene Forsey in calling for the preservation of British traditions in Canada. Some scholarship has presented the supporters of British Canadianism in the 1950s as ethnic and race-based nationalists whose ideas were overturned on the road to a more inclusive civic-based nationalism that emerged in the 1970s and later. This article revisits the actual arguments put forward by Forsey and those appealing for the preservation of British symbols in 1950s’ Canada. It argues that the case for British Canadianism was actually more inclusive and tolerant of diversity than has hitherto been appreciated.
Canadian Scientists and Military Research in the Cold War, 1947–60
Authors: Wiseman Matthew S.
Published: August 2019

This article examines the militarization of academic science in Canada during the Cold War period between 1947 and 1960. As evidenced by the extramural program of the Defence Research Board (drb), the scientific research branch of the Canadian armed services, funding for defence attracted faculty and graduate students to the world of military research. Government officials and civilian scientists collaborated to establish and grow the drb’s extramural program, championing military research at Canadian universities and shaping academic work in both the physical and social sciences. Academics across the country benefited from the autonomy drb scientists held over the direction and distribution of federal funds made available for military research, suggesting that the militarization of academic science in Canada came from within the existing scientific community. An assessment of the political and financial ties established among government authorities and university scientists reveals the extent to which national security concerns influenced the work of some of Canada’s top academics. Military sponsorship is an understudied yet important object of theory and analysis for historians of Canada and the Cold War, and it is incumbent upon Canadian historians to discuss and debate the role and influence of military research in the university context.
Up-to-Speed Cinema: An Elucidation of Griffith’s 1909 Contribution to Montage and Representation, through the Ratio of Shots to Camera Setups
Authors: Wiedenfeld Grant
Published: August 2019

L’auteur propose une nouvelle explication des raisons pour lesquelles Griffith a adopté un style de montage rapide chez Biograph autour de 1909, affirmant que d’autres sociétés ont ensuite intégré le montage accéléré à un style plus normatif faisant appel aux plans rapprochés après 1910. Le ratio prises/réglages instaure un étalon qui relie le montage à l’économie de production et, d’une certaine façon, à la représentation. Ces données et ce principe expliquent comment Biograph a rivalisé avec Pathé et Vitagraph dans le contexte d’une demande accrue de films narratifs. En concevant l’action de manière à limiter le nombre de réglages et en alternant entre ces réglages au moyen de plans rapides, Griffith pouvait produire avec efficience, tirant le meilleur parti de studios rudimentaires. L’observation de 550 films tournés entre 1905 et 1910 confirme le style exceptionnel de Griffith. Non seulement sa méthode a-t-elle permis de combler l’écart dans la production, mais elle a apporté au montage en général une nouvelle fluidité. Une analyse approfondie de The Country Doctor montre comment le montage serré de Griffith accélère la perception figure-fond du spectateur, ce qui clarifie l’information narrative. Cet angle cognitif relie le montage à l’interprète et redéfinit la transformation de la représentation cinématique à une époque de transition. Ces diverses perspectives dans lesquelles sont envisagées la production et la représentation concourent à cette conclusion que la contribution générale de Griffith au montage et au cinéma est celle de la vitesse, une qualité typique de la modernité. Le cinéaste se distingue plus que jamais comme une figure idiosyncratique au carrefour de l’art et du commerce, du théâtre et du cinéma, et de la culture populaire des XIXe et XXe siècles.
La machine subjective ? Les appropriations cinématographiques des dispositifs immersifs contemporains
Authors: Bédard Philippe
Published: August 2019

Virtual reality’s recent inclusion into film festivals sheds light on the transformations it has brought upon the technical and narrative features of cinema. This article focuses on cinema’s recent appropriation of the technical apparatus of virtual reality, as well as on the tendency of contemporary “virtual reality films” to place spectators in the body of a character. By way of a technical analysis of the head-mounted displays that have become the site of more and more immersive films, this text aims to study the transformations undergone by cinema, which have led to a proliferation of films aimed at conveying first-person experiences on screen. In so doing, this article proposes new ways of thinking about virtual reality, cinema, subjectivity and the influence of technical apparatuses on the spectatorial experience.
The Book of the Head and The Book of Skin: Compilation and Decompilation in Two Medieval Manuscripts of Practical Medicine in the Osler Library, McGill University
Authors: Wallis Faith
Published: August 2019

Two fifteenth-century codices in the Osler Library illustrate processes of compilation and “decompilation” in the domain of medicine. MS 7586 contains selections from a comprehensive manual of therapeutics, but only from the section concerning the head. The text in MS 7579 is advertised as a general compilation of therapeutics in six parts; but only the first part, covering the skin and surgical interventions, is included. The first text is a decompilation; the second is a compilation-in-progress.
McGill MS 143 and the Composition of Lydgate’s Fall of Princes
Authors: Edwards A. S. G.
Published: August 2019

This article examines the fragment of Lydgate’s poem The Fall of Princes that is McGill University Library MS 143. The fragment is part of a form of the text that survives elsewhere in a complete form only in British Library MS Harley 1766, one that is very different from the form that appears in the standard modern edition. The article discusses the ways in which the McGill fragment contributes to an understanding of the nature and significance of this variant version.
On the Origin and Provenance of Victoria, McPherson Library, Doc.Brown.4: Sir Thomas Mowbray’s Care of Newnham Priory
Authors: Lahey Stephanie J.
Published: August 2019

Although Sir Thomas Mowbray’s 1391 confirmation and continuation of earlier grants and donations to the Augustinian Priory of Newnham, Bedfordshire, was attested via Sir William Dugdale’s transcription and an incomplete cartulary copy, the original charter’s location remained unknown. This article identifies University of Victoria, Doc.Brown.4 as the lost original, provides a new description with full diplomatic transcription, and traces the document’s likely transmission route down to the nineteenth century.
À la découverte des Heures Masmines et Bouthillier, manuscrit latin et flamand des Archives des jésuites au Canada
Authors: Dunn-Lardeau Brenda
Published: August 2019

The article explores the heraldic, liturgical, hagiographical, and iconographic components of an illuminated Book of Hours ( c.1500) now in the Jesuit Archives in Montreal. Internal evidence points to Charles de Masmines, a member of a prominent Flemish family, as the manuscript’s first private owner (with unclear links to the Ghistelles family) and also to its last private owner, the Montrealer Pierre Bouthillier. The article examines the unusual presentation of the Masmines and Ghistelles coats of arms and discusses the manuscript’s rare use of the calendar, examines several prayers to protect against the Black Death, and identifies the illuminators of this codex as the Masters of Raphaël de Mercatellis.
Leaf 4 in Otto Ege’s Fifty Original Leaves Portfolio — A New Identification: Sermons by Philip the Chancellor (With a Partial Handlist of Sermons on Leaf 4 from Various Collections)
Authors: Liu Yin , Brecht Ariel
Published: August 2019

Otto Ege’s identification of Leaf 4 in his portfolio Fifty Original Leaves from Medieval Manuscripts as a leaf from a Psalter has been generally accepted since Ege’s death in 1951. However, closer examination of the leaf owned by the University of Saskatchewan reveals that the parent manuscript is not a twelfth-century Psalter written in Caroline minuscule, as Ege asserted, but a thirteenth-century collection of Philip the Chancellor’s sermons on the Psalms, written in a Protogothic script.
Medieval Manuscripts and Fragments at the University of Victoria: An Early Grant of Hubert de Burgh, Constantine the African’s Translation of Isaac Israeli, and a Mendicant Breviary between Italy and Croatia
Authors: Boyarin Adrienne Williams , Eagleheart Ravana , Kendrick James , Ness Lynnea , Peters Merridy
Published: August 2019

This essay shares results of an archives-based pedagogical project at the University of Victoria. A brief introduction outlines the University’s medieval and early modern holdings and recent instructor-student collaborations; three sections present new findings about a selection of Victoria manuscripts and fragments: a grant of Hubert de Burgh discovered to bear the only known complete seal from Hubert’s early career; a single leaf of Constantine the African’s translation of Isaac Israeli’s Liber dietarium, here identified for the first time; and a Breviary with a calendar that places it at the boundaries of late fifteenth-century Habsburg territories. Transcriptions are included as appendices.
Morphometric variability in round goby Neogobius melanostomus (Perciformes: Gobiidae) from the Sea of Azov
Authors: Diripasko O.A. , Zabroda T.A.
Published: August 2019

A total of 38 morphometric characters of the round goby Neogobius melanostomus melanostomus (Pallas, 1814) were studied in its native range in the Sea of Azov. The aim was to assess joint effect of sexual dimorphism and size variability on overall variability within groups of samples (populations) using appropriate methods of traditional statistical analysis (one-dimensional and multivariate statistics). Sex and size-dependent variability was studied based on model samples of males and females of different size. Most of the studied morphometric characters of round goby from the Sea of Azov demonstrated statistically significant sex- and size-dependent in-group variability. The pattern of the variability suggests that, for a comparison of round goby from different sea regions and between populations, separate samples of males and females within the range 9–13 cm SL should be examined in order to minimise the effect of the size and sex factors. The approach of searching for the most informative size range could be useful not only for further studies of infraspecific variation but for comparisons between morphologically close gobiin species.
An Object Detection Using Image Processing In Digital Forensics Science
Authors:   Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Karachi Pakistan, Changezi Kamran Ali , Zafar Muhammad Wasil ,   Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Karachi Pakistan
Published: August 2019

Object detection is one of the most important sectors in digital forensics science. The object detection technique is valuable for a number of purposes for instance: medical diagnosis scanners, traffic monitoring system, airport security examination, law regulation firms, and for diverse local or international data rescue departments. The purpose of my paper is to deliver an object detection method to detect a weapon in a camera image by relating a detailed analysis of weapon detection techniques such as image enhancement, image segmentation, image feature extraction, and image classification. However, the applicable techniques are created through the computation of different mathematical and algorithms models.
A Review And Comparison Of The Traditional Collaborative And Online Collaborative Techniques For Requirement Elicitation
Authors:   Computer Software Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan, Iqbal Asif , Khan Iftikhar Ahmed ,   Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan, Jan Sadaqat ,   Computer Software Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, Mardan, Pakistan
Published: August 2019

Requirement elicitation is one of the major phases of the software development life cycle. As per authors knowledge, among many reviews, there is no review available on a comparison between Online Collaborative Requirement Engineering (OCRE) and Traditional Collaborative Requirement Engineering (TCRE) techniques. In this review paper, OCRE and TCRE techniques are reviewed in terms of research methods employed in the related research. In addition, the techniques are compared in terms of software tools used in elicitation of the requirements and the types of software developed by using these techniques. The advantages and disadvantages mentioned in the literature are also highlighted in this research. The relevant papers were selected in a systematic way and data is extracted into the Excel files for analysis. The results revealed some interesting findings like the most important techniques in both OCRE and TCRE are literature review followed by experimentation.
Comprehensive Study Of Textual Processing And Proposed Automatic Essay Evaluation System
Authors:   Dept. of Computer Science, FAST National University of Emerging Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan, Mughal Aqsa Zahid , Samreen Asia ,   Dept. Of Computer Science, Bahria University, Karachi, Pakistan
Published: August 2019

From last 50 years the work has been conducted on building such systems that can have capabilities by which it can evaluate or check like a human tutor or even better than a human tutor, this is the goal of Automatic Essay Evaluation System. Grading essays is one of the most tedious and time-consuming task, subjectivity of topic, bias nature of human grader are also key points which affect the process of assessing, this becomes initial motivation for advancing the method of assessment resulting human written essays are now assessed by humans and also by computer system Automatic Essay Evaluation System. In this paper a detailed study is conducted on AEE systems and its building approaches such as text mining and text processing for the purpose to bring the exposure to this research field as technology upgrades, it has become more commercialized raising to the most important problem in the development of AEE system, the lack of its exposer. This paper also addresses our approach to replicating all possible qualities of the existing AEE system for the students and teachers of Pakistan.
THE YEAR 1848 IN FRANCE. A FEW REMARKS AT THE 170TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE ADOPTION OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE SECOND FRENCH REPUBLIC IN 1848. PART I
Authors: Konarski Marcin
Published: August 2019

This article is a synthetic analysis of the events of the Spring of Nations in France, which preceded the adoption of the Constitution of the Second French Republic on 4 November 1848. The author presents the main causes of the revolutionary events, the course of these events until 1848 as well as the most important legal reforms of political and social nature undertaken during that period.
HANDHELD SPEED METERS IN POLAND AND THE STANDARD OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS OF THE DEFENCE
Authors: Skwarzyński Michał
Published: August 2019

This chapter describes the legal basics and the practice of using handheld radar and laser devices in speeding cases. The analysis concerns normative frameworks, unfortunately neglected, as well as indicates problems occurring in cases of offences related to speeding. In judicial practice, radar devices Iskra and lidar devices, colloquially called Ultralyte lasers, are most commonly used .Unfortunately, in judicial practice, the application of the normative framework for the use of lidar and radar equipment is subject to the principle in dubio pro radar.
THE EUROPEAN MONITORING CENTRE FOR DRUGS AND DRUG ADDICTION - SELECTED SYSTEM-WIDE ISSUES AND ACTIVITIES
Authors: Woch Katarzyna
Published: August 2019

The issue of drugs is an important problem for the European citizens and it poses a serious threat to safety and health of the European society. This is mainly due to the fact that one of the basic features characterizing the problem of drugs is its changeable and dynamic nature. Furthermore, the drug-related phenomena haveno borders, they exist everywhere where people live and affect all social classes. The European Union is one of the international organizations which, both by its own activities and the efforts of the member states, attempts to prevent and fight the adverse effects associated with drug abuse. The implementation of such a goal is possible thanks to the activities of the agency responsible for the holistic study of the problem of drugs and drug addiction and for popularization of the obtained information among the EU institutions, Member States and other organizations.

The purpose of the article is to present the activities of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, whose role is to provide factual, objective, reliable and comparable information of the European standard on drugs and drug addiction as well as their effects both on the European Union itself andthe member states.
COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF REGULATORY FRAMEWORK OF VIRTUAL CURRENCY (CRYPTOCURRENCY) IN SELECTED COUNTRIES
Authors: Kasprzyk Marcin
Published: August 2019

In the era of rapid technological progress, the legislators of individual countries face the challenge of submitting new technological phenomena to the legal framework. The business operation in the field of virtual currencies (cryptocurrencies),widely, in the financial technology sector (hereinafter referred to in as “fintech”), create a chance to attract investors and develop the economy. On the other hand, the same might be misused for illegal purposes, such as, in particular,money laundering or financing of terrorism. This study provides for an overview of the legal regulations of selected states in the field of virtual currencies (cryptocurrencies). Although, presented laws and regulations herein are in favour of thecryptocurrencies, the scope of implemented acts varies significantly.
E-HEALTH IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SUBSIDIARITY PRINCIPLE. COMMENTS AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF POLISH LAW
Authors: Sobieski Leszek
Published: August 2019

In the article an attempt was made to present the assumptions of Polish legislative solutions concerning e-health in the context of one of the basic principles of European philosophical and legal thought – the principle of subsidiarity. The principle of subsidiarity, the essence of which is to leave it to the political communities to carry out tasks for which they can take responsibility, has been incorporated into the legislation of nation states and the European Union, determiningthe identity of European civilisation.

Article 5 of the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and the preamble to the Constitution of the Republic of Poland are an example of the translation of the subsidiarity principle into legal norms. Attention has been paid to the possibility of decentralising and delegating competences to lower levels of public authority in the field of health, using or amending the e-health legislation accordingly. Appropriate division of tasks and competences in the area of health care, taking into account the subsidiarity principle, can be observed at both national and EU level. European Union law recognises the autonomy of the Member States to define national health regulations. On the basis of selected national and EU regulations, a definition of e-health has been proposed, understood as a set of provisions within the health care system regulating the collection, processing of data and provision of health care services in order to identify and optimise the satisfaction of individual and collective health needs as well as to pursue an effective health policy by public authorities. The basic assumptions of key national and EU legal acts are also indicated. On the basis of the solutions adopted in the Act on Health Care Services Financed from Public Funds, the formal possibility of delegating and effective performance of tasks has been demonstrated in the field of health protection by local government units. New information and communication technologies provide the basis for a more complete implementation of the subsidiarity principle in health protection, as they enable the necessary knowledge on the collective and individual health needs at European, national and any other expected level – regional, population, age to be gathered and transferred. They are a tool, previously unavailable, for the precise identification of the needs of separated communities. On the other hand, new technologies can be a tool for communities to meet these needs to the extent that they are able to provide organisational and financial security. The combination of new information and communication technologies with the application of a systematic concept of tasks implementation based on the principle of subsidiarity will allow for a change in the model of health care in Poland.
REFLECTIONS ON THE REFORM OF THE LEGAL SITUATION OF PEASANTS DURING THE KOŚCIUSZKO UPRISING OF 1794
Authors: Konarski Marcin
Published: August 2019

The aim of this article is to analyse issues related to the reform of the legal status of the rural population during the Kościuszko Uprising, which was the first Polish national uprising. The analysis concerns the fundamental reform of the legal situation of peasants introduced by the uprising authorities in 1794, whose aim was to make this social group join the Uprising. The Commander-in-Chief – Tadeusz Kościuszko – announced the reduction of serfdom loathed by Polish peasants and lifted the ban on leaving the land without the permission of the owner. The defeat of the Uprising destroyed peasants’ hopes to be liberated from serfdom. However, it fostered their awareness of being members of the Polish Nation, contrary to the claims of the nobility and the magnates, who considered only their estate to be the Polish Nation and peasants to be their subjects, refusing them the attribute of being Polish.
LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE ACTIVITY OF SOCIAL BUILDING SOCIETIES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF HOUSING POLICY
Authors: Lalak Iga
Published: August 2019

Participation in the creation of a social housing association in its proper functioning is a very important part in the implementation of housing policy. In spite of this, the institution of the society is still insufficiently clarified, since determininga flat which in 30% is financed by a citizen as a social one seems to be a vague term. The aim of the publication is to analyze the issue of social housing associations, but first of all to show the advantages and disadvantages of this system andthe indeterminate scope of the state’s responsibilities in the area of supporting housing construction.
Praca fizyczna w życiu monastycznym: argumentacja św. Augustyna w De opere monachorum
Authors: Turek Waldemar
Published: August 2019

This article deals with manual labour in the life of monks as taught by St. Augustine in his treatise De opere monachorum. It describes the social context of the theme with particular reference to the situation in monastic communities of Carthage. Many monks in St. Augustine’s time were against manual labour. The article presents the structure of the Saint’s argumentation. St. Augustine clearly was in favour of the manual work of monks -and indirectly also of that of all Christians. The article analyses his exegesis of two Biblical texts (Mt 6:25-34 and 2Thess 3:10) that explain the need and beauty of work for daily spiritual growth. This is shown primarily on the basis of the teaching and example of the Apostle St. Paul, who was employed in various ways. Then the position of St. Augustine is discussed, according to whom the working monk gains the means of his support, cooperates with the Creator and continues His creative achievement. Work that allows the monk to attain some profit in temporal life and maintains the neces­sary equilibrium between the needs of the body and soul is shown above all to be a means for the attaining of the reward of eternal life. The monk, however, may be dispensed of manual labour, in part or even totally, in view of pastoral ministry, which plays a primary role in his vocation and mission.
Pewniejsza nadzieja? Zachęty do życia monastycznego w epistolografii IV i V wieku
Authors: Wysocki Marcin
Published: August 2019

The turn of the 4th and 5th centuries is a period of exuberant development of a monastic life in the West. This fact was also reflected in the correspondence of the authors of this period (Ambrose, Augustine, Jerome and Paulinus Nolensis of Nola), who are considered to be the fathers of the Western monasticism. Many people entered the path of life devoted to Christ voluntarily and without dilem­mas, but there were also those who were encouraged to make this decision and yet they felt some resistance. Of this we can also find testimonies in the letters of the authors mentioned above. Among their nearly 500 letters, we find only seven that relate to the theme of calling and encouragement to the monastic life. They are directed to only three people (two soldiers and wealthy married couple), which, however, are an example of serious dilemmas and problems with entering the path of monastic life. The authors show in their letters arguments for taking up monastic life and ways of its implementation. The letters show a better and more perfect life. In letters there is no call for leaving the world in a literal way, but only a peculiar “abandonment” of the world, and above all a profound eschatological dimension of such a decision. There is a deep hope that for abandoning what is earthly, a reward that transcends earthly goods awaits for a man who undertakes a monastic life. In the face of the vanity of the world, its worries and problems, certainly a better hope is shown in the encouragements of the letters.
Reguła mistrza o wyborze i nauczaniu opata
Authors: Czyżewski Bogdan
Published: August 2019

The monasteries which were raised in the Church in first centuries demanded rules stating life of their members. The initatior and founder of these monasteries was saint Pashomius. It’s noteworthy to remind anonymous work which were made in nine century called The Regula Magistri. This extensive ancient opus containing collection of monastic rules written by author of unknown name, was created in about fifth century south of Rome. Nowadays, we assume that The Regula Magistri became a model for the rule of Saint Benedict. The Rule of the Master was written for the monastery where the leading role was up to Abbot. He was the one who was preaching, teaching and he, indeed, was a master for his dis­ciples. Several chapter of this monumetal work is dedicated to the rules and proce­dures of choosing the abbot. It also contains list of the most important tasks which belonged to his office – these are the subject of this study. What’s interesting is that, the new abbot was being elected by his predecessor when he sensed that he is going to die shortly or serious ill makes him incapable of continuing his tasks. Abbot was looking after his brothers and encouraged them to acquire virtues. This kind of challenge could seem useful, because it was the motivating factor to, fulfill God’s will with dignity and humble, and also to life by the abbey’s rules. On the other hand, it could also had been dramatic, because the ascetic way of life sometimes was understood only in human succes category. The candidate was introduced on his duty by local bishop in special liturgical rite. There were also rules dedicated to possibly removal of the abbot, who – when his predecessor still lived – seemed to be unhumble and improper man for this office. The Rule also contains special instruction for the situation, when abbot dies in sudden death and had not decided who would have been his successor. The author of the Master’s Rule also draws attention to the manner of teaching conducted by the Abbot. The most important was the testimony of life, fidelity to the binding rules, exercising in virtues and avoiding sins. The Rule of the Master teach the Abbot, that he should be humble, treat the brothers equally, be responsible for the others and for himself, and ask as all brother for the opiniong in issues relating to the monastery.
Sofroniusz, mnich palestyński, wobec monoenergizmu. Napięcie między precyzją a dwuznacznością
Authors: Kashchuk Oleksandr
Published: August 2019

Autorzy, którzy badali spór wokół chrystologicznej doktryny monoenergety­zmu, zwrócili uwagę na różne aspekty kontrowersji. Celem artykułu jest zrozu­mienie czy kwestia społeczno-kulturowa może być również przedmiotem kon­frontacji między Sofroniuszem z Jerozolimy a Sergiuszem z Konstantynopola. Poglądy Sofroniusza zostały uformowane w tradycji monastycyzmu palestyńskie­go, który był wierny wobec dosłownego wyznania chalcedońskiej chrystologii dwóch natur. W związku z tym wyraził on swój protest przeciwko stwierdzeniu o jednym działaniu w Chrystusie. W odpowiedzi Sergiusz z Konstantynopola opracował swoją taktykę, aby bronić stanowiska Konstantynopolitańskiego Koś­cioła i rządu. W konsekwencji powstało napięcie między dwoma patriarchami. Artykuł analizuje szczególy konfrontacji..
Beda Czcigodny o wczesnym chorale gregoriańskim w Anglii (Historia ecclesiastica IV 24)
Authors: Budzanowska-Weglenda Dominika Łucja
Published: August 2019

Beda Czcigodny (Wielebny), uczony mnich anglosaski i Doktor Kościoła z przełomu VII/VIII wieku, w słynnym dziele Historia ecclesiastica w księdze IV rozdziale 24. napisał o bracie zakonnym, Cedmonie. Wcześniej – gdy Cedmon pracował jako opiekun zwierząt pociągowych – unikał on świeckich śpiewów. Bóg dał mu jednak dar śpiewania ku chwale Bożej. Przyjęty do klasztoru przez przeoryszę Hildę układał w ojczystym języku – pod wpływem natchnienia Boga-Stwórcy i pobierając nauki z zakresu teologii – pieśni pobożne związane z wydarzeniami biblijnymi i różnymi wątkami teologicznymi. Pobudzał w ten sposób ludzi do nawrócenia i umocnienia wiary. Żaden z naśladowców Cedmona mu nie dorównał talentem. Zapis Bedy może świadczyć nie tylko o silnym monastycyzmie w samych początkach anglosaskiego chrześcijaństwa, ale i o dbałości o śpiewy religijne, stanowiące prawdopodobnie początki chorału gregoriańskiego w Anglii.