bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probiotic Bacteria in the Management of Atopic Disease: Underscoring the Importance of Viability
Authors: Kirjavainen Pirkka V. , Salminen Seppo J. , Isolauri Erika
Published: January 2024

Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of oral supplementation of viable and heat‐inactivated probiotic bacteria in the management of atopic disease and to observe their effects on the composition of the gut microbiota.

Methods

The study population included 35 infants with atopic eczema and allergy to cow's milk. At a mean age of 5.5 months, they were assigned in a randomized double‐blind manner to receive either extensively hydrolyzed whey formula (placebo group) or the same formula supplemented with viable (viable LGG group) or heat‐inactivated Lactobacillus GG (heat‐inactivated LGG group), respectively. The changes in symptoms were assessed by the SCORAD method and the presence of some predominant bacterial genera in the feces detected with 16S rRNA‐specific probes.

Results

The treatment with heat‐inactivated LGG was associated with adverse gastrointestinal symptoms and diarrhea. Consequently, the recruitment of patients was stopped after the pilot phase. Within the study population, atopic eczema and subjective symptoms were significantly alleviated in all the groups; the SCORAD scores (interquartile range) decreased from 13 (range, 4–29) to 8 (range, 0–29) units in the placebo group, from 19 (range, 4–47) to 5 (range, 0–18) units in the viable LGG group, and from 15 (range, 0–29) to 7 (range, 0–26) units in the heat‐inactivated LGG group. The decrease in the SCORAD scores within the viable LGG group tended to be greater than within the placebo group. The treatments did not appear to affect the bacterial numbers within the genera enumerated.

Conclusions

Supplementation of infant formulas with viable but not heat‐inactivated LGG is a potential approach for the management of atopic eczema and cow's milk allergy.
Bile Salt Export Pump Gene Mutations in Two Japanese Patients With Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis
Authors: Goto Kenji , Sugiyama Kohachiro , Sugiura Tokio , Ando Toshihiro , Mizutani Fumihiko , Terabe Koji , Ban Kyoko , Togari Hajime
Published: January 2024

Background

In recent years, progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis has been classified into at least three types by genetic analysis: PFIC1, PFIC2, and MDR3. Liver transplantation is effective for treating patients with this intractable syndrome. Confirming the correct diagnosis is of paramount importance because prognosis after transplantation differs with the genetic type of the disease.

Methods

Synthesis of cDNA was accomplished using RNA extracted from liver tissue of two Japanese patients with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis. Polymerase chain reaction was performed using 13 primer sets designed for amplification of the bile salt export pump cDNA. Direct sequencing was undertaken, and identified sequences were compared with the sequence for bile salt export pump gene registered with GenBank. In addition, gene sequences for nonprogressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis patients were analyzed.

Results

Genetic analysis of patient 1 revealed that substitutions in bile salt export pump protein sequences, namely R575X and E636G, might be the cause of the disease. In patient 2, V330X and R487H might fulfill the same role. Results of gene analysis in parents and cholestatic controls supported these conclusions.

Conclusions

Absence or presence of bile salt export protein gene mutations was confirmed as representing a useful prognostic marker for clinical course after liver transplantation.
Queering recovery: A proposed model for LGBTQ+‐affirmative relapse prevention
Authors: Chaney Michael P. , Mason Nathaniel
Published: January 2024

Professional counseling literature pertaining to substance use counseling for LGBTQ+ communities is scant. One such exclusion is relapse prevention for LGBTQ+ clients. To meet this gap, this paper explored LGBTQ+‐specific factors that contribute to the development and maintenance of substance use and the risk of relapse once in recovery. We extend Witkiewitz and Marlatt's Dynamic Model of Relapse by identifying and integrating examples of LGBTQ+‐specific tonic and phasic elements that influence relapse. Based on these postulations, an LGBTQ+‐affirmative model of relapse prevention is introduced. Implications for research and pedagogy are proposed.
Impact of early immunosuppression on pediatric liver transplant outcomes within 1 year
Authors: Raghu Vikram K. , Zhang Xingyu , Squires James E. , Eisenberg Elizabeth , Feldman Amy G. , Halma Jennifer , Peters Anna L. , Gonzalez‐Peralta Regino P. , Ng Vicky L. , Horslen Simon P. , Lobritto Steven J. , Bucuvalas John , Mazariegos George V. , Perito Emily R.
Published: January 2024

Objectives

The Starzl Network for Excellence in Pediatric Transplantation identified optimizing immunosuppression (IS) as a priority practice improvement area for patients, families, and providers. We aimed to evaluate associations between clinical characteristics, early IS, and outcomes.

Methods

We analyzed pediatric liver transplant (LT) data from 2013 to 2018 in the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) and the Society of Pediatric Liver Transplantation (SPLIT) registries.

Results

We included 2542 LT recipients in UNOS and 1590 in SPLIT. IS choice varied between centers with steroid induction and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) use each ranging from 0% to 100% across centers. Clinical characteristics associated with early IS choice were inconsistent between the two data sets. T‐cell depleting antibody use was associated with improved 1‐year graft (hazard ratio [HR] 0.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.34−0.76) and patient (HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.20−0.79) survival in UNOS but decreased 1‐year patient survival (HR 4.12, 95% CI 1.31−12.93) and increased acute rejection (HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.07−2.34) in SPLIT. Non‐T‐cell depleting antibody use was not associated with differential risk of survival nor rejection. MMF use was associated with improved 1‐year graft survival (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.54−0.99) in UNOS only.

Conclusions

Variation exists in center choice of early IS regimen. UNOS and SPLIT data provide conflicting associations between IS and outcomes in multivariable analysis. These results highlight the need for future multicenter collaborative work to identify evidence‐based IS best practices.
Three‐dimensional plasmonic substrate as surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) tool for the detection of trace chemicals
Authors: Kaur Navneet , Das Gautam
Published: January 2024

A three‐dimensional (3D) plasmonic substrate was developed using gold nanorods (GNRs) onto a tapered fiber surface using optical tweezing. To determine the efficacy of the substrate, Raman spectra of two toxic chemicals Rhodamine 6G (R6G) and Crystal Violet (CV) were studied. The “dip and dry” method was used to adsorb the chemicals along the tapered fiber length. The minimum concentration detected for CV and R6G was 10−12 M. We have reported the characteristics and unique features of the manufactured substrate.
Highly complex liver resections: Exploring the boundaries of feasibility and safety
Authors: Pencovich Niv , Pery Ron , Eshkenazy Rony , Nachmany Ido
Published: January 2024

Introduction

In select clinical scenarios, advanced techniques for volume manipulation and vascular reconstruction are needed for complete hepatic tumor removal. These highly complex liver resections (HCLRs) entail a heightened risk of severe complications. Here, we describe the results of HCLR performed in a 3‐year time period.

Materials and Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis encompassing patients who underwent hepatic resections between June 15, 2020, and June 15, 2023. HCLR was defined according to previously established criteria, and included associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy. The outcomes of HCLR were compared to all non‐HCLR performed within the same time frame.

Results

Among 167 hepatic resections, 26 were considered HCLR, and all were major resections. Five utilized total vascular exclusion, with venovenous bypass in three, and hypothermic liver perfusion in three. Five resections included vascular reconstructions, and one included hypothermic circulatory arrest for extraction of a tumor extending to the right atrium. Of the non‐HCLR, 38 (26.9%) were major, and 49 (34.7%) were performed laparoscopically. The rates of overall major postoperative complications were comparable between those who underwent HCLR versus non‐HCLR. HCLR was associated with increased rates of biliary complications, readmissions, and reoperation. However, no postoperative 90‐day mortality was documented within patients that underwent HCLR compared to two in the non‐HCLR group.

Conclusions

In expert hands, HCLR can be performed with acceptable complication profile, akin to that of major non‐HCLR. Those with questionable resectability should be referred to tertiary hepato–pancreato–biliary centers.
Comparison of 19G FNA Versus 22G FNB Needles for Endoscopic Ultrasound‐Guided Fine‐Needle Sampling of Subepithelial Tumors
Authors: Li Juan , Feng Jing , Gao Shan , Wang Wei , Huang Lihua , Yi Shanshan , Xu Haiyan , Ding Xiang Wu
Published: January 2024

Objectives

To compare the diagnostic efficiency of 19G fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) and 22G fine‐needle biopsy (FNB) in endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided sampling for subepithelial tumors (SETs).

Methods

The data of patients with SETs who underwent 19G FNA or 22G FNB were reviewed retrospectively in two tertiary hospitals. Tissue cores were assessed by macroscopic on‐site evaluation (MOSE). Cytological or histological diagnosis were classified as definite, suspect, or no diagnosis.

Results

Seventy five patients (mean age: 55 years, 44 males) underwent 19G EUS‐FNA (31) or 22G EUS‐FNB (44). The overall diagnostic yield was 82.7%. The rate of definite cytological diagnoses was 9.7% (3/31) in 19G and 13.6% (6/44) in 22G group (x2 = 1.520, P = .468). In terms of MOSE, 19G needle, requiring only two punctures, achieved a higher good tissue core rate than 22G group (100.0% [31/31] versus 84.1% [37/44], x2 = 5.440, P = .020]). For histological diagnosis, the 19G group achieved higher definite rate than the 22G group, 93.6% (29/31) versus 65.9% (29/44) (x2 = 7.957, P = .019) on the first puncture, 90.3% (28/31) versus 63.6% (28/44) (x2 = 7.139, P = .028) on the second puncture, 96.8% (30/31) versus 70.5% (31/44) (x2 = 7.319, P = .026) on both the first and second punctures, and 96.8% (30/31) versus 72.7% (32/44) (x2 = 7.538, P = .023) on all three punctures.

Conclusions

The 19G EUS‐FNA requires only two punctures to achieve better tissue core quality by MOSE and yields a higher rate of histological diagnosis than 22G ProCore needle for SETs. The bigger 19G FNA needle seems to play an important role in the evaluation of SETs.
Depth‐dependent responses of the soil bacterial community under vegetation restoration in soil erosion areas of southern China
Authors: Wang Xiaopeng , Zhou Man , Wang He , Yue Hui , Zhang Yue , Jiang Fangshi , Ge Hongli , Huang Yanhe , Lin Jinshi
Published: January 2024

Soil bacterial communities play a crucial role in the evaluation of soil ecosystem stability. Vegetation restoration is a key determinant of soil bacterial communities in areas affected by soil erosion. However, it remains unclear how the structure and diversity of soil bacterial communities vary with soil depth. In this study, we collected soil samples from 0 to 10 cm, 10 to 20 cm, 20 to 30 cm, and 30 to 40 cm depths in vegetation restoration sites located in typical soil erosion areas in China. We compared and analyzed the differences in bacterial community characteristics among different soil depths, using untreated areas as controls. Compared to the untreated areas, the abundance of soil bacteria in the 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, and 20–30 cm depths of the vegetation restoration sites increased by 1.63, 1.04, and 1.29 times, respectively. Furthermore, vegetation restoration enhanced soil bacterial diversity at the 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, and 20–30 cm depths. Soil organic carbon (OC) was the main explanatory factor (53.50%, p = 0.000) for the decrease in soil bacterial diversity with soil depth. Additionally, after vegetation restoration in soil erosion areas, the dominant bacterial community composition shifted from Chloroflexi to Actinobacteria at the 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, and 20–30 cm depths and to Proteobacteria at the 30–40 cm depth. The differences in soil bacterial communities among different soil depths were primarily driven by soil total nitrogen (TN) content, which explained up to 34.5% of the variation. In conclusion, in the subsequent management of vegetation restoration sites, increasing OC and TN content can enhance soil bacterial diversity, improve bacterial community composition, and ultimately enhance the stability of soil ecosystems.
An enhanced technique for friction stir welding of ceramic particle reinforced aluminium based metal matrix composites
Authors: Natarajan Paneerselvam , Tamilperuvalathan Sekar , Murugesan Vijayakumar , Govindasamy Kumaresan
Published: January 2024

This manuscript proposes an enhanced technique for the friction stir welding (FSW) of ceramic particle‐reinforced aluminium‐related metal matrix composites. The proposed technique is the joint implementation of both the Aquila Optimizer and Pelican Optimization Algorithm. This proposed method aims is to enhance the welding efficiency, quality, and overall performance of the weld joints. The test is conducted in an all‐purpose machine at cutting speeds that permit temperatures that are comparable to the FSW of stainless‐steel, aluminium alloys and copper. Reaction–diffusion studies are conducted to better understand the diffusion‐control process under tool wear, and the tool wear rate is determined by the length of the cutting tool's nose tip. Rotational speed at 10 mm/min is examined. SiC exhibits the highest performance of aluminium and stainless steel. As the fraction of SiC increases to 18%, the axial force and rotational speed of FSW also increase.
Cognitive Reserve in Parkinson's Disease without Dementia: β‐Amyloid and Metabolic Assessment
Authors: Fernández‐Rodríguez Beatriz , Rodríguez‐Rojas Rafael , Guida Pasqualina , Angulo‐Díaz‐Parreño Santiago , Trompeta Clara , Mata‐Marín David , Obeso Ignacio , Vela Lydia , Plaza de las Heras Isabel , Obeso José A. , Gasca‐Salas Carmen
Published: January 2024

Background

Cognitive reserve (CR) is the mismatch between preserved cognition and neuropathological damage. Amyloidopathy in Parkinson's disease (PD) could be associated with faster progression to dementia, but the putative protective effect of CR is unknown.

Objectives

To evaluate the effect of CR on β‐amyloid burden and brain metabolism in non‐demented PD subjects.

Methods

Participants with PD (n = 53) underwent a clinical evaluation, [18F]‐fluorodeoxyglucose and [18F]‐flutemetamol positron emission tomography magnetic resonances, and were classified according to CR. The metabolic pattern of 16 controls was compared to PD subjects.

Results

The PD subjects showed hypometabolism mainly in the bilateral posterior cortex. Superior‐CR subjects (n = 22) exhibited better cognitive performance, increased amyloid burden, and higher metabolism in several right hemisphere areas compared to low‐medium‐CR subjects (n = 31).

Conclusions

Higher CR in non‐demented PD is associated with better cognitive performance, which might reduce vulnerability to the effect of β‐amyloid. Whether superior CR leads to protection against metabolic deterioration, and predominantly right hemisphere involvement, deserves further exploration.
Mitigating vulnerabilities with social media: A cross‐national study of European disaster managers' practices
Authors: Torpan Sten , Hansson Sten , Orru Kati , Jukarainen Pirjo , Gabel Friedrich , Savadori Lucia , Meyer Sunniva F. , Schieffelers Abriel , Lovasz Gabriella , Rhinard Mark
Published: January 2024

In this article, we provide an overview of the ways in which disaster managers in eight European countries use social media to mitigate people's vulnerability to hazards. Our document analysis and 95 expert interviews in Germany, Italy, Belgium, Sweden, Hungary, Finland, Norway, and Estonia revealed six distinct institutional social media practices that may reduce disaster vulnerability: sharing educational guidelines, informing and warning the public, identifying citizens' concerns, identifying missing persons, sharing guidelines during disaster, and organizing volunteers. We discuss how these practices could affect people's ability to access, understand, and react adequately to information about risks and hazards. Our findings can be used to improve guidelines for official crisis communication on social media and demonstrate the value of using social media in disaster risk reduction.
An information‐theoretic approach for the assessment of a continuous outcome as a surrogate for a binary true endpoint based on causal inference: Application to vaccine evaluation
Authors: Alonso Abad Ariel , Ong Fenny , Stijven Florian , Van der Elst Wim , Molenberghs Geert , Van Keilegom Ingrid , Verbeke Geert , Callegaro Andrea
Published: January 2024

Within the causal association paradigm, a method is proposed to assess the validity of a continuous outcome as a surrogate for a binary true endpoint. The methodology is based on a previously introduced information‐theoretic definition of surrogacy and has two main steps. In the first step, a new model is proposed to describe the joint distribution of the potential outcomes associated with the putative surrogate and the true endpoint of interest. The identifiability issues inherent to this type of models are handled via sensitivity analysis. In the second step, a metric of surrogacy new to this setting, the so‐called individual causal association is presented. The methodology is studied in detail using theoretical considerations, some simulations, and data from a randomized clinical trial evaluating an inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine. A user‐friendly R package Surrogate is provided to carry out the evaluation exercise.
Recent Advancements and Developments of Molecular Dynamics Simulations in the Discovery of Anti‐protozoal Agents
Authors: Dhameliya Tejas M. , Vekariya Drashtiben D. , Vaddoriya Vaidehi N. , Trivedi Yesha M. , Patel Khushi R. , Dholakia Sandip P.
Published: January 2024

Molecular dynamics simulations have been developed as the most powerful tool in the field of computational chemistry for the discovery of novel anti‐protozoal agents against malaria. In this review, the recent advancements and developments in the field of molecular dynamics simulations driven identification and optimization of promising anti‐protozoal agents have been highlighted along with the use of advanced simulation softwares, energy calculations, stability parameters, and many more. To the best of our knowledge, the present work has been the first review article to highlight the use of molecular dynamics simulations for the discovery of anti‐plasmodial agents with the aim to dig out the significant insights into the simulations having the applications for the benefit of computational and medicinal chemists.
Identification of Compounds Against Anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 Protein Using Docking Studies
Authors: Caro‐Gómez Luis A. , López‐Hidalgo Marisol , Rosas‐Trigueros Jorge L. , Torres‐Rivera Anayetzin , Vázquez‐Hernández José J. , Benítez‐Cardoza Claudia G.
Published: January 2024

The high expression of anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 protein in cancer cells can confer resistance to apoptosis, allowing cells to evade cell death signals and continue proliferating. Therefore, Bcl‐2 has become a crucial target for cancer therapy. In this work, we looked for new drugs targeting Bcl‐2 that can induce apoptosis in cancer cells and improve treatment effectiveness like chemotherapy. In silico approaches, such as molecular docking, were used to identify potential new drugs by screening the Enamine collection (HLL‐460) against two conformations of the Bcl‐2 protein obtained by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Molecular docking was focused on two specific sites of Bcl‐2; the binding groove and the flexible loop domain (FLD), which play an essential role in regulating the apoptotic process. Compounds with docking scores less than those of the reference drugs (Venetoclax and Taxol) were selected. They were analyzed by PASS online, which predicted putative anti‐cancer properties for ten compounds; of these, three candidates targeted binding groove, five to FLD, and two can bind to both sites; these compounds were selected and analyzed. The drug‐like properties of the ten compounds passed Lipinski's rules, their pharmacokinetic profiles were excellent, safe, and had potential anti‐neoplastic activity.
Synthesis and Characterization of Phenylenediamine Side‐Chain‐Modified 4‐Aminoquinoline Mannich Bases and Evaluation of their in vitro Antimalarial Activity
Authors: Singh Bhupendra , Chetia Dipak , Kumar Kumawat Mukesh
Published: January 2024

Twelve novel compounds (Phenylenediamine side chain modified 4‐Aminoquinoline Mannich Bases) were synthesized and characterized by using a variety of analytical and spectroscopic methods. All the synthesized compounds were screened for in‐vitro antimalarial activity on 3D7 strain of Plasmodium falciparum. Synthesized compounds showed MIC values between 1.9 and 125 μg/ml in antimalarial screening (in‐vitro). Two compounds (MIC=1.9 μg/ml or 1.953
0.10 μM and 7.8 μg/ml or 2.200
0.08 μM) were found most potent against chloroquine sensitive 3D7 strain of Plasmodium falciparum which is comparable to standard drug chloroquine (MIC=0.4 μg/ml or 0.106
0.01 μM).
Dicyanostilbene‐Derived Highly Sensitive Two‐Photon Fluorescence Temperature Probe for Live Cell Imaging
Authors: Huang Chibao , Wang Qian , Yan Xiong
Published: January 2024

A novel two‐photon fluorescence temperature‐sensitive probe (SP) with the push‐pull electronic architecture (Donor‐π‐Acceptor, D‐π‐A) derived from dicyanostilbene was developed. Its linearly dependent coefficients (R2) between the emission intensity of SP and temperature reached 0.998 and 0.999 in one‐ and two‐photon fluorescence (OPF and TPF), respectively, and corresponding function expressions were IF=−0.0144T+1.2751 (OPF) and IF=−0.0152T+1.2970 (TPF). Its maximum two‐photon excitation wavelength (λmax2) is 750 nm, and the corresponding maximum two‐photon absorption cross‐section (δmax) is 1550 GM. DFT (Density Functional Theory) Calculation demonstrated that the electron cloud densities of two nitrogen atoms (N29 and N31) on two cyano groups are 15.9 and 16.0 times higher than that of nitrogen atom on 9‐carbazolyl group (N13), respectively. This fully indicates that the electron cloud of nitrogen atom on 9‐carbazolyl group is highly delocalized to the fluorophore matrix. SP can be used for live cell imaging and detect cell temperature to diagnose disease within physiological temperature range with excellent photostability and without cytotoxicity.
Ag nanoparticles decorated on Co3O4‐C derived from ZIF‐67: a recyclable catalyst for highly efficient reduction of nitrophenols
Authors: Lang Ding M. A. , Yukuai Tang B. A. , Yusheng Liang B. A. , Su Chen B. A. , Zhou Shuai , Han Fengyan
Published: January 2024

Silver‐based nanostructured composites as effective and stable catalysts were successfully designed as the catalyst to reduce the nitrophenols in aqueous solution at room temperature in the presence of NaBH4. The Co3O4‐C composites with regular morphology and adjustable components derived from ZIF‐67 in an air atmosphere at various temperatures (270, 300, and 350 °C) were chosen as a favorable platform to support silver nanoparticles. The acquired silver‐based nanocatalyst (Ag/Co3O4‐C) exhibited excellent catalytic performance towards the hydrogenation of nitrophenols (2‐NP, 3‐NP, and 4‐NP). The calculated rate constant (Kapp) towards the reduction of 4‐NP followed the order: Ag/Co3O4‐C‐300 (0.70 min−1)>Ag/Co3O4‐C‐270 (0.58 min−1)>Ag/Co3O4‐C‐350 (0.46 min−1). Ag/Co3O4‐C‐300 possessed the highest catalytic activity with no induction time during the reaction. What is more, Ag/Co3O4‐C‐300 could reduce 2‐NP and 3‐NP with the rate constant of 0.936 min−1 and 0.391 min−1, respectively. The catalytic activity was higher that many other metal‐based nanocomposites. The excellent catalytic performance was mainly attributed to the abundant active sites on the surface, and the interfacial synergistic effect between Ag and Co3O4‐C, which had a potential driving force for the hydrogenation reaction. In addition, the catalyst remained active even after recirculation experiments. The Ag‐based nanocomposites can be expected to be applied in industrial applications.
Synthesis, Antioxidant and Antituberculosis Evaluation of Eugenol Derivatives from Mannich Condensation
Authors: El Ghallab Yassine , Aainouss Achraf , El Messaoudi My Driss , Derfoufi Sanae
Published: January 2024

Mannich bases are interesting class of molecules thanks to their various pharmacological properties. This paper presents the synthesis and characterization of eugenol derivatives following Mannich condensation. The in vitro antituberculosis activity of the synthesized derivatives was evaluated by the Resazurin microtiter assay (REMA). The 2,2′‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and ferrous cation (FeCl2) chelating tests were used to estimate the antioxidant capacity. All eugenol Mannich bases inhibited the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37Rv growing. Those of 2‐dimethylaminomethyl‐6‐methoxy‐4‐propenylphenol (1) and 2‐methoxy‐4‐propenyl‐6‐pyrrolidinylmethylphenol (4) were the most active at 10 μg/mL. Additionally, significant antioxidant profile was exhibited by the synthesized derivatives, especially for 2‐dicyclohexylaminomethyl‐6‐methoxy‐4‐propenylphenol (5) that showed an antiradical activity of EC50=20 μg/mL, twice as strong as that of eugenol precursor, and for 2‐methoxy‐6‐methylpiperazinylmethyl‐4‐propenylphenol (3) and compound 4, which were promising iron chelators with EC50 of 0.016 and 0.018 mg/mL, respectively, better than EDTA standard. The molecular docking experiments on two different antituberculosis receptors showed excellent binding affinity of compounds 4 and 5 into the active site of pantothenate kinase (PanK, type I), suggesting PanK as potential molecular target. These encouraging findings showed the importance of Mannich reaction for the development of antitubercular candidates and the improvement of natural products bioactivity.
Metal ion effect on pore size reduction in Mesoporous Aluminosilicate in the presence of TETA as a template and its catalytic performance of CO2 decomposition at lower temperature
Authors: Gowri M. , Chellapandian Kannan
Published: January 2024

Mesoporous AlSiO4‐33 and Co2+ incorporated Co‐AlSiO4‐15 catalysts are synthesized at room temperature using Triethylenetetramine (TETA) as a template for the purpose of CO2 decomposition. The prepared materials are characterized by FT‐IR, XRD, UV‐DRS, BET, TGA, 27Al NMR and TEM. Based on XRD data, the materials are crystalline in nature. The mesoporosity of the materials with pore sizes of 33 nm (AlSiO4) and 15 nm (Co‐AlSiO4) are confirmed by BET analysis. Consequently, we designated AlSiO4 and Co‐AlSiO4 as AlSiO4‐33 and Co‐AlSiO4‐15. This lowered diameter value for Co‐AlSiO4‐15 may be due to the octahedral coordination of Co2+ ion. In the tetrahedral aluminosilicate framework, the template directs the Co2+ towards octahedral coordination. Due to the octahedral coordination, the bond angle between Si−O−Co is reduced. Due to this reduction, the pore size reduced from 33 nm (AlSiO4‐33) to 15 nm (Co‐AlSiO4‐15). These two catalysts are applied for CO2 decomposition. AlSiO4‐33 is active at 100 °C while Co‐AlSiO4‐6 is active at 150 °C. Co‐AlSiO4‐15 has produced more oxygen than AlSiO4‐33. It may be due to the Co‐AlSiO4‐15 has more bronsted acidic sites than the AlSiO4‐33. Co‐AlSiO4‐15 is reduced the activation energy 67 % while AlSiO4‐33 is reduced 78 % for CO2 decomposition at lower temperatures compare to conventional methods.
Synthesis and in vitro Antibacterial Evaluation of N‐(4‐methoxy‐2‐nitrophenyl)‐β‐alanine Derivatives
Authors: Gelminauskaitė Roberta , Grybaitė Birutė , Vaickelionienė Rita , Šiugždaitė Jūratė , Lelešius Raimundas , Belyakov Sergey , Mickevičius Vytautas
Published: January 2024

In this study a series of N‐(4‐methoxy‐2‐nitrophenyl)‐β‐alanine derivatives were prepared, characterized by the NMR and IR spectroscopic and microanalysis techniques and evaluated for their antibacterial potency against Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes bacteria strains as well Gram‐negative Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis. The assessment was carried out using the in vitro methodologies. According to the results, the best antibacterial properties were shown by hydrazones with the incorporated thien‐2‐yl and dimethylaminophenyl fragments. According to the data, almost all compounds except N‐alkylated dimethylaminophenyl‐having hydrazone are regarded as bactericidal agents for the used bacteria. The obtained data demonstrate that the above‐mentioned hydrazones could be further selectively explored for the development of antibacterial candidates targeting Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria.
Discussion and Conclusion
Authors: Al-Kuwari Shaikha H.
Published: January 2024

This chapter includes the book’s discussion and conclusion, highlighting the main objectives, arguments, and results. In addition, this chapter will include the study’s shortcomings and a roadmap for future research.
Population growth and taxes: the effect of regional differences in the Spanish inheritance tax
Authors: González-Val Rafael , Marcén Miriam
Published: January 2024

This paper assesses the impact of inheritance tax on population growth exploiting the quasi-random differences in the inheritance tax across different Spanish regions over the last 20 years. Using a dynamic difference-in-differences approach to municipality population data, we found a robust-positive short-term effect (1–4 years) on the population growth for small inheritances. The impact is sizable and represents roughly 6% of the standard deviation, but this dissipates after 7 years. The heterogeneity analysis by age group reveals a clear positive and lasting response to the inheritance tax benefits for those aged 50–69 years. This is especially seen in municipalities close to the border pointing to migration costs as a key factor in changes of residence in response to the inheritance tax law differences.
A study on vibration-suppression mechanism for risers using flexible structural joints
Authors: Fujiwara Tomo
Published: January 2024

These new mechanisms for suppressing vibration in large diameter intake pipes and pumping systems has been developed for use in Floating Liquefied Natural Gas (FLNG) facilities. Like existing devices such as fairings and strakes, this mechanism is designed for practical use and has a flow path inside the pipe. The mechanism is designed to suppress vibration caused by both float motion and vortex-induced vibration (VIV) due to currents. Experiments were conducted using a scale model, and numerical calculations were used to evaluate the mechanism’s ability to reduce vibration. As a result, the natural frequencies of the pipes were analyzed, and it was found that the vibration damping mechanism, when installed at appropriate locations, can provide effective vibration suppression against the motion of the upper float and vibration caused by VIV due to currents over the entire length of the pipe, even at limited installation locations. On the other hand, it was found that the vibration suppression effect could not be achieved without appropriate positioning, and that the longer the pipe length, the more limited the vibration damping capability.
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of iRoot BP Plus as a coronal sealing material for regenerative endodontic procedures
Authors: Yang Ning , Yang Wenxiao , Shen Rou , Zhang Shengcai , Ma Tianchi , Liu Yao
Published: January 2024

Objectives

To investigate in vitro effects of a nanoparticle bioceramic material, iRoot BP Plus, on stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP) and in vivo capacity to induce pulp-dentin complex formation.

Materials and methods

The sealing ability of iRoot BP Plus was measured via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SCAP were isolated and treated in vitro by iRoot BP Plus conditioned medium, with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) conditioned medium and regular medium used as controls, respectively. Cell proliferation was assessed by BrdU labeling and MTT assay and cell migration was evaluated with wound healing and transwell assays. Osteo/odontogenic potential was evaluated by Alizarin red S staining and qPCR. Pulp-dentin complex formation in vivo was assessed by a tooth slice subcutaneous implantation model.

Results

iRoot BP Plus was more tightly bonded with the dentin. There was no difference in SCAP proliferation between iRoot BP Plus and control groups (P > 0.05). iRoot BP Plus had a greater capacity to elevated cell migration (P < 0.05) and osteo/odontogenic marker expression and mineralization nodule formation of SCAP compared with MTA groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the new continuous dentine layer and pulp-like tissue was observed in the iRoot BP Plus group in vivo.

Conclusions

iRoot BP Plus showed excellent sealing ability, promoted the migration and osteo/odontogenesis of SCAP and induced pulp-dentin complex formation without affecting the cell proliferation, which indicated iRoot BP Plus was a promising coronal sealing material in REPs.

Clinical relevance

The coronal sealing materials play crucial roles for the outcomes of REPs. This study showed that iRoot BP Plus has good coronal sealing and promote pulp-dentin complex formation compared with MTA, providing experimental evidences for the clinical application of iRoot BP Plus as a promising coronal seal material in REPs.
Comparison of outcomes between preservation or division of the uterine round ligament in laparoscopic groin hernia repair in females: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Zhong W. , Zhang L. , Zhong J. Q. , He X. P. , Liu H. Q. , Zhu W. Q. , Fang C. F.
Published: January 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to perform a meta-analysis comparing the short-term and long-term outcomes in laparoscopic groin hernia repair with or without preservation of the uterine round ligament (URL) in females.

Methods

We searched several databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and and CNKI databases. This meta-analysis included randomized clinical trials, and retrospective comparative studies regarding preservation or division of the URL in laparoscopic groin hernia repair in females. Outcomes of interest were age, BMI, type of hernia, type of surgery, operating time, estimated blood loss, time of hospitalization, seroma, concomitant injury, mesh infection, recurrence, uterine prolapse, foreign body sensation, chronic pain, and pregnancy. Meta-analyses and trial sequential analysis were performed with Review Manager v5.3 and TSA software, respectively.

Results

Of 192 potentially eligible articles, 9 studies with 1104 participants met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. There were no significant difference in age (MD-6.58, 95% CI − 13.41 to 0.24; P = 0.06), BMI (MD 0.05, 95%CI − 0.31 to 0.40; P = 0.81), blood loss (MD-0.04, 95% CI − 0.75 to 0.66; P = 0.90), time of hospitalization (MD-0.22, 95% CI-1.13 to 0.69; P = 0.64), seroma (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.41 to 1.24; P = 0.23), concomitant injury (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.01 to 8.24; P = 0.68), mesh infection (OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.01 to 2.61; P = 0.18), recurrence (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.18 to 7.25; P = 0.90), uterine prolapse(OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.07 to 6.94; P = 0.77), foreign body sensation (OR 1.95, 95% CI 0.53 to 7.23; P = 0.32) and chronic pain(OR 1.03 95% CI 0.4 to 2.69; P = 0.95). However, this meta-analysis demonstrated a statistically significant difference in operating time (MD 6.62, 95% CI 2.20 to 11.04; P = 0.0003) between the preservation group and division group. Trial sequential analysis showed that the cumulative Z value of the operating time crossed the traditional boundary value and the TSA boundary value in the third study, and the cumulative sample size had reached the required information size (RIS), indicating that the current conclusion was stable.

Conclusion

In summary, laparoscopic groin hernia repair in women with the preservation of the round uterine ligament requires a longer operating time, but there was no advantage in short-term or long-term complications, and there was no clear evidence on whether it causes infertility and uterine prolapse.
Training using a commercial immersive virtual reality system on hand–eye coordination and reaction time in students: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rutkowski Sebastian , Jakóbczyk Aleksandra , Abrahamek Kacper , Nowakowska Aleksandra , Nowak Magdalena , Liska David , Batalik Ladislav , Colombo Vera , Sacco Marco
Published: January 2024

The implementation of VR games opens up a wide range of opportunities for the development of dexterity, speed and precision of movements among various professional groups. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a commercial immersive VR music game on hand–eye coordination and reaction time speed in students. This study enrolled 32 individuals, randomly assigned to the experimental or control group. The intervention consisted of a 15-min training session of the immersive music game “Beat Saber”, once a day for 5 consecutive days. The primary outcomes included reaction time measurements: the plate tapping test and the ruler-drop test (Ditrich's test), trial making test (TMT) A and TMT B to assess coordination and visual attention, likewise VR sickness assessment by Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire (VRSQ). The secondary outcome included an energy expenditure assessment (SenseWear Armband). The data analysis revealed a statistically significant improvement in hand–eye coordination in the experimental group, with no improvement in the control group. The results were similar in measurements of reaction time. Analysis of the VRSQ questionnaire results showed a statistically significant reduction in oculomotor domain symptoms and total score during successive training days. The immersive VR music game has the potential to improve reaction time and hand–eye coordination in students.

Graphical abstract
Scholarly Works, Academic Lineage, and Doctoral Advisees of Jerald L. Ericksen
Authors: Fosdick Roger , Fried Eliot , Man Chi-Sing
Published: January 2024

In this tribute to Jerald L. Ericksen, we present a multifaceted contribution that honors his exceptional legacy as a scientist, educator, and mentor. The contribution is divided into three sections, each providing a unique perspective on his life and work. Through these sections, we aim to preserve and celebrate Jerry’s legacy, a legacy that extends far beyond his scholarly contributions and reverberates through the lives and careers of those he inspired and guided.
Removal of Atrazine from contaminated water by functionalized graphene quantum dots
Authors: Hellal Ahmed , Abdelsalam Hazem , Tawfik Walid , Ibrahim Medhat A.
Published: January 2024

The limitation of clean water supplies and the increment of water pollution resources, like industrial processes, oil pollution, and herbicides, are urgent reasons for introducing new techniques for treating contaminated water. Atrazine is heavily used as a herbicide due to its high effectiveness and low price. However, its environmental persistence causes water contamination, and human exposure to Atrazine is linked to several health effects. This work presents a simulation study of the possibility of removing the Atrazine from water by functionally activated graphene quantum dots (GQDs), using density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP/3-21G level. The activity of GQDs C46 with a total dipole moment of 0.9 is enhanced by the attachment of chemical groups; for instance, attaching CN and NO2 groups increases the total dipole moment to 8.744 and 9.123, respectively. The effect of the functionalized groups Carboxyl and cyanide was investigated, and confirmed that there was no structure deformation due to the functionalization process. Analysis of the obtained data shows the remarkable adsorption ability of GQDs activated by CN and NO2 groups toward the removal of atrazine herbicides due to positive adsorption energy 1.31, 128, and 1.3 eV obtained from pristine, carboxyl graphene, and cyanide graphene respectively. According to the calculated total charge on the complexes Atrazine and GQDs and Functionalized GQD, charge transfer mainly depends on the interaction pattern. The values of charges were − 0.02, 0.004, and − 0.004 for pristine, carboxyl, and cyanide graphene, respectively. Therefore, the observed results demonstrated the possibility of applying the chemically modified carbon quantum dots as a potential candidate for the treatment of contaminated water.
Alpha-amylase inhibitory activity and in silico studies of in vitro sweet basil plantlets treated with chitosan and ZnO NPs
Authors: Ibrahim Mona M. , Zaki Eman R. , Rady Mohamed R.
Published: January 2024

In this study, an efficient protocol was developed to obtain multiplicated, healthy sweet basil plantlets with larger leaves and a greener color by culturing them on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/l 2iP. Chitosan and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were used as abiotic elicitors to maximize the main secondary metabolites (phenolic and flavonoid compounds and essential oil) in in vitro plantlets of sweet basil. Chitosan with a concentration of 4.0 mg/l recorded the maximum value of caffeic acid (1.189 mg/g DW), and 10 mg/l of ZnO NPs recorded the maximum content of rutin (0.936 mg/g DW). The plantlets cultured with 2.0 mg/l chitosan recorded the maximum percentage of essential oil (90.63%). 8,9-Dihydro-9-formyl cycloisolongifolene was the major compound (72.44%) and was detected in the plantlets treated with 2.0 mg/l chitosan. The inhibitory activity evaluation of α-amylase revealed that the maximum inhibitory activity was found in the plantlet control and those treated with 4.0 mg/l chitosan of the phenolic and flavonoid fractions. The maximum IC50 (7.36 ± 0.85) was found in the plantlet extract treated with 4.0 mg/l chitosan, followed by the plantlet control, which recorded 11.53 ± 0.86. Using AutoDuck 4.2 and PyMol software, it was revealed that rutin and caffeic acid compounds (the main active components) own hydrogen binding interactions and hydrophobic binding interactions with the active site of alpha-amylase from the porcine pancreas (PPA) enzyme with good binding energy (5.74 and 5.71 kcal/mol, respectively).
The Influence of Fe2O3 Nanoparticles on Chlorella spp. Growth and Biochemicals Accumulation
Authors: Vargas-Estrada Laura , Domínguez-Espíndola Ruth Belinda , Sebastian P. J.
Published: January 2024

The addition of metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) to microalgae cultures have become of great interest since they can directly and/or indirectly interact with microalgae resulting in enhanced production of biomass and high-value added products. The physicochemical characteristics of the NPs, i.e., crystal phase, can differently influence microalgae metabolism, thus the synthesis of optimal NPs is mandatory to improve the value of microalgae biomass.This study aimed at assessing the effect of Fe2O3 NPs on Chlorella spp. cultures with and without carbonate supplementation to confirm their beneficial effect. First, Fe2O3 NPs were synthetized and two different annealing temperatures were implemented, 450 °C (Fe2O3-450) and 1000 °C (Fe2O3-1000), to obtain Fe2O3 NPs with different crystal phases. The NPs crystal phase was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and the presence of the γ- and α- phases on both NPs were confirmed. However, the Fe2O3-450 NPs presented a higher content of the γ- phase. Subsequently, the effect of the crystal phase of Fe2O3 NPs was assessed in Chlorella spp. cultures. The addition of Fe2O3-1000 NPs resulted in inhibition of Chlorella spp. On the other hand, the addition of Fe2O3-450 NPs recorded the carbohydrate enhancements > 91% in Chlorella spp. cultures. The indirect effect of the synthetized NPs was assessed in microalgae cultures without carbonate supplementation and the same tendency was observed. This study proves that Fe2O3-450 NPs directly and indirectly interact with microalgae, and can be used as a strategy to produce high-value biomass even in environments without carbonate supplementation.

Graphical Abstract
Using New Technologies and Wearables for Characterizing Sleep in Population-based Studies
Authors: Jaiswal Stuti J. , Pawelek Jeff B. , Warshawsky Shiri , Quer Giorgio , Trieu Megan , Pandit Jay A. , Owens Robert L.
Published: January 2024

Purpose of Review

With the increasing prevalence of commercially available wearable digital devices in sleep medicine, this review aims to address some of the benefits and concerns with using these devices, with a specific focus on population-based studies.

Recent Findings

There has been a recent proliferation of sleep-related research studies that are using wearable digital devices, likely due to their relatively low cost and widespread use among consumers. As technology improves, it seems that wearables likely provide sleep information on par with actigraphy, which has been traditionally used in many sleep-related research studies. We also discuss issues unique to wearables, such as accessing data and data privacy, and the potential for decentralized digital research studies.

Wearable devices have the potential to change how we approach population-based sleep research studies, particularly when considering decentralized digital trials.
Precisely Control Relationship between Sulfur Vacancy and H Absorption for Boosting Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Jin Jing , Wang Xinyao , Hu Yang , Zhang Zhuang , Liu Hongbo , Yin Jie , Xi Pinxian
Published: January 2024

Effective and robust catalyst is the core of water splitting to produce hydrogen. Here, we report an anionic etching method to tailor the sulfur vacancy (VS) of NiS2 to further enhance the electrocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). With the VS concentration change from 2.4% to 8.5%, the H* adsorption strength on S sites changed and NiS2-VS 5.9% shows the most optimized H* adsorption for HER with an ultralow onset potential (68 mV) and has long-term stability for 100 h in 1 M KOH media. In situ attenuated-total-reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIRS) measurements are usually used to monitor the adsorption of intermediates. The S- H* peak of the NiS2-VS 5.9% appears at a very low voltage, which is favorable for the HER in alkaline media. Density functional theory calculations also demonstrate the NiS2-VS 5.9% has the optimal |ΔGH*| of 0.17 eV. This work offers a simple and promising pathway to enhance catalytic activity via precise vacancies strategy.