bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subterranean Invasion by Gapped Ringed Crayfish: Effectiveness of a Removal Effort and Barrier Installation
Authors: Mouser Joshua , Ashley David C. , Aley Tom , Brewer Shannon K.
Published: December 2018

Non-native crayfish invasion is a major threat to many stream fauna; however, invasions in subterranean habitats are rarely documented. Our study objectives were to examine demographics and morphological and life-history traits of a gapped ringed crayfish Faxonius neglectus chaenodactylus population that invaded Tumbling Creek Cave and determine the effects of removal on the population. Crayfish were found throughout the cave though fewer individuals were observed upstream of an installed weir. Fecund females were collected in nearly all months, but were prevalent during spring (February–June). Males and females were of similar sizes. Males had larger chelae and chelae that were regenerated slightly more often than females. Removal of >4000 crayfish since 2011 resulted in reduced abundances, but the population persisted. Age estimates from counting bands on gastric mills indicated crayfish within the cave lived longer than populations in nearby Big Creek (6 vs. 4 years). Recent efforts to prevent upstream cave migrations included a barrier installation and since installation, few crayfish have been located upstream. We show that exploitation of new environments may lead to trait changes (i.e., reproduction and longevity). We also demonstrate that barriers reduce the spread of invasion at a comparable cost to removal. We hypothesize that increased reservoir elevation inundates springs hydrologically connected to the cave and this may be the invasion source.
Modulation of Bacterial sRNAs Activity by Epigenetic Modifications: Inputs from the Eukaryotic miRNAs
Authors: Felden Brice , Gilot David
Published: December 2018

Trans-encoded bacterial regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) are functional analogues of eukaryotic microRNAs (miRNAs). These RNA classes act by base-pairing complementarity with their RNA targets to modulate gene expression (transcription, half-life and/or translation). Based on base-pairing, algorithms predict binding and the impact of small RNAs on targeted-RNAs expression and fate. However, other actors are involved such as RNA binding proteins and epigenetic modifications of the targeted and small RNAs. Post-transcriptional base modifications are widespread in all living organisms where they lower undesired RNA folds through conformation adjustments and influence RNA pairing and stability, especially if remodeling their ends. In bacteria, sRNAs possess RNA modifications either internally (methylation, pseudouridinylation) or at their ends. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide were detected at 5′-ends, and polyadenylation can occur at 3′-ends. Eukaryotic miRNAs possess N6-methyladenosine (m6A), A editing into I, and non-templated addition of uridines at their 3′-ends. Biological functions and enzymes involved in those sRNA and micro RNA epigenetic modifications, when known, are presented and challenged.
Tooth-Inspired Tactile Sensor for Detection of Multidirectional Force
Authors: Ahmad Ridzuan Nurul Adni , Miki Norihisa
Published: December 2018

The anatomy of a tooth was the inspiration for this tactile sensor study. The sensor consisted of a pole that was fixed in the middle of an acrylic base using a viscoelastic silicone elastomer. Four strain gauges were fixed three-dimensionally around the pole to detect its movement, which was formed in a single step in the assembly. When the load was applied to the side of the pole, the strain gauges were bent or released, depending on the direction of the applied load and the position of the strain gauges. The sensor device had the sensitivity of 0.016 mm−1 and 0.313 N−1 against the resistance change ratio. For the load detection experiment, a consistent pattern of full sine-curve, with a constant resistance change for the angles, was obtained for all of the four strain gauges, which confirmed the reliability of the sensor device to detect the direction of applied load. The amplitudes of the resistance change ratio remained to be consistent after loading-unloading processes at the frequency of 0.05–0.25 Hz.
Laser-Inscribed Glass Microfluidic Device for Non-Mixing Flow of Miscible Solvents
Authors: Italia Valeria , Giakoumaki Argyro N. , Bonfadini Silvio , Bharadwaj Vibhav , Le Phu Thien , Eaton Shane M. , Ramponi Roberta , Bergamini Giacomo , Lanzani Guglielmo , Criante Luigino
Published: December 2018

In recent years, there has been significant research on integrated microfluidic devices. Microfluidics offer an advantageous platform for the parallel laminar flow of adjacent solvents of potential use in modern chemistry and biology. To reach that aim, we worked towards the realization of a buried microfluidic Lab-on-a-Chip which enables the separation of the two components by exploiting the non-mixing properties of laminar flow. To fabricate the aforementioned chip, we employed a femtosecond laser irradiation technique followed by chemical etching. To optimize the configuration of the chip, several geometrical and structural parameters were taken into account. The diffusive mass transfer between the two fluids was estimated and the optimal chip configuration for low diffusion rate of the components was defined.
Drug Exchange between Albumin Nanoparticles and Erythrocyte Membranes
Authors: Tacheva Bilyana , Paarvanova Boyana , Ivanov Ivan T. , Tenchov Boris , Georgieva Radostina , Karabaliev Miroslav
Published: December 2018

The effects of thioridazine (TDZ) and chlorpromazine (CPZ) and bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (BSA-NPs) on erythrocyte membranes have been investigated. Two kinds of hemolytic assays were used; hemolysis under hypotonic conditions and hemolysis in physiological conditions. Under hypotonic conditions for 50% hemolysis, both TDZ and CPZ have a biphasic effect on membranes; namely, stabilization at low concentrations and destabilization after reaching a critical concentration. In physiological conditions, there are other critical concentrations above which both drugs hemolyse the erythrocites. In each case, the critical concentrations of TDZ are lower than those of CPZ, which is consistent with the ratio of their partition coefficients. When BSA-NPs are added to the erythrocyte suspension simultaneously with the drugs, the critical concentrations increase for both drugs. The effect is due to the incorporation of a portion of drug substances into the BSA-nanoparticles, which consequently leads to the decrease of the active drug concentrations in the erythrocyte suspension medium. Similar values of the critical concentrations are found when the BSA-NPs are loaded with the drugs before their addition to the erythrocyte suspension in which case the events of the partition are: desorption of the drug from BSA-NPs, diffusion through the medium, and adsorption on erythrocyte membranes. This result suggests that the drugs are not influenced by the processes of adsorption and desorption onto and out of the BSA-NPs, and that the use of BSA-NPs as drug transporters would allow intravenous administration of higher doses of the drug without the risk of erythrocyte hemolysis.
Healthy Lifestyle and Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome in the SUN Cohort
Authors: Garralda-Del-Villar Maria , Carlos-Chillerón Silvia , Diaz-Gutierrez Jesus , Ruiz-Canela Miguel , Gea Alfredo , Martínez-González Miguel Angel , Bes-Rastrollo Maira , Ruiz-Estigarribia Liz , Kales Stefanos N. , Fernández-Montero Alejandro
Published: December 2018

We assessed the relationship between a healthy lifestyle and the subsequent risk of developing metabolic syndrome. The “Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra” (SUN) Project is a prospective cohort study, focused on nutrition, lifestyle, and chronic diseases. Participants (n = 10,807, mean age 37 years, 67% women) initially free of metabolic syndrome were followed prospectively for a minimum of 6 years. To evaluate healthy lifestyle, nine habits were used to derive a Healthy Lifestyle Score (HLS): Never smoking, moderate to high physical activity (>20 MET-h/week), Mediterranean diet (≥4/8 adherence points), moderate alcohol consumption (women, 0.1–5.0 g/day; men, 0.1–10.0 g/day), low television exposure (<2 h/day), no binge drinking (≤5 alcoholic drinks at any time), taking a short afternoon nap (<30 min/day), meeting up with friends >1 h/day, and working at least 40 h/week. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the harmonizing definition. The association between the baseline HLS and metabolic syndrome at follow-up was assessed with multivariable-adjusted logistic regressions. During follow-up, we observed 458 (4.24%) new cases of metabolic syndrome. Participants in the highest category of HLS adherence (7–9 points) enjoyed a significantly reduced risk of developing metabolic syndrome compared to those in the lowest category (0–3 points) (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.47–0.93). Higher adherence to the Healthy Lifestyle Score was associated with a lower risk of developing metabolic syndrome. The HLS may be a simple metabolic health promotion tool.
Aluminum-Magnesium Hydroxycarbonate/Azo Dye Hybrids as Novel Multifunctional Colorants for Elastomer Composites
Authors: Szadkowski Bolesław , Marzec Anna , Rybiński Przemysław , Maniukiewicz Waldemar , Zaborski Marian
Published: December 2018

This study presents the preparation and characterization of new organic-inorganic pigments based on aluminum-magnesium hydroxycarbonate (LH) and azo dyes. Solvent resistance studies, XRD, SEM, and TGA confirmed the successful formation of hybrid pigments, which were characterized in terms of their physicochemical properties. The new hybrid pigments were applied in acrylonitrile-butadiene (NBR) and ethylene-propylene (EPM) rubber composites and cured with sulfur and peroxide curing systems, respectively. The mechanical properties, dispersion quality, and flame-retardant properties of the NBR/hybrid and EPM/hybrid pigment composites were determined by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), SEM, and microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC). Complex experimental investigations revealed that the layered nature of hybrid pigments could improve the barrier ability and flame retardancy of elastomer composites. In comparison to unmodified aluminum-magnesium hydroxycarbonate, the modified LH dye structures contributed to significantly decrease the heat release rate and the total heat release of the NBR and EPM composites, offering a new approach to imparting low flammability to elastomer materials.
The Marrano God: Abstraction, Messianicity, and Retreat in Derrida’s “Faith and Knowledge”
Authors: Bielik-Robson Agata
Published: December 2018

This article conducts a close reading of Derrida’s 1994 essay, “Faith and Knowledge”, devoted to the analysis of what Hegel called ‘the religion of modern times’. The reference to Hegel’s “Glauben und Wissen” is crucial here, since my reading is meant to offer a supplement to Michael Naas’ commentary on “Faith and Knowledge”, Miracle and Machine, in which Naas states that he is not going to pursue the connection between Derrida and Hegel. It was, however, Hegel who defined the ‘modern religious sentiment’ in terms of the ‘religion of the death of God’, and this definition constitutes Derrida’s point of departure. Derrida agrees with Hegel’s diagnosis, but is also critical of its Protestant–Lutheran interpretation, which founds modern religiosity on the ‘memory of the Passion’, and attempts a different reading of the ‘death of God’ motif as the ‘divine retreat’, pointing to a non-normative ‘Marrano’ kind of faith that stakes on the alternative ‘memory of the Passover’. The apparent visibility of the ‘returning religion’ Derrida witnesses at the beginning of the 90s hides for him a new dimension of the ‘original faith’, which Derrida associates with the universal messianic justice and which he ascribes to the paradoxical position of the Marranos: the secret followers of the God ‘in retreat’.
Arctic Sea Ice Surface Roughness Estimated from Multi-Angular Reflectance Satellite Imagery
Authors: Nolin Anne W. , Mar Eugene
Published: December 2018

Sea ice surface roughness affects ice-atmosphere interactions, serves as an indicator of ice age, shows patterns of ice convergence and divergence, affects the spatial extent of summer meltponds, and affects ice albedo. We have developed a method for mapping sea ice surface roughness using angular reflectance data from the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) and lidar-derived roughness measurements from the Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM). Using an empirical data modeling approach, we derived estimates of Arctic sea ice roughness ranging from centimeters to decimeters within the MISR 275-m pixel size. Using independent ATM data for validation, we find that histograms of lidar and multi-angular roughness values were nearly identical for areas with a roughness < 20 cm, but for rougher regions, the MISR-estimated roughness had a narrower range of values than the ATM data. The algorithm was able to accurately identify areas that transition between smooth and rough ice. Because of its coarser spatial scale, MISR-estimated roughness data have a variance about half that of ATM roughness data.
An Assessment of Satellite Radiance Data Assimilation in RMAPS
Authors: Xie Yanhui , Fan Shuiyong , Chen Min , Shi Jiancheng , Zhong Jiqin , Zhang Xinyu
Published: December 2018

Due to the availability of observations and the effectiveness of bias correction, it is still a challenge to assimilate data from the polar orbit satellites into a limited-area and frequently updated model. This study assessed the initial application of satellite radiance data from multiple platforms in the Rapid-refresh Multi-scale Analysis and Prediction System (RMAPS). Satellite radiance data from the advanced microwave sounding unit-A (AMSU-A) and microwave humidity sounding (MHS) were used. Two 12-day retrospective runs were conducted to evaluate the impact of assimilating satellite radiance data on 0–24 h forecasts using RMAPS. The forecasts, initialized from analyses with and without satellite radiance data, were verified against observations. The results showed that satellite radiance data from AMSU-A and MHS had a positive impact on the initial conditions and the forecasts of RMAPS, even over the relatively data-rich area of North China. Compared to the control run that only assimilated conventional observations, an improvement of about 36.8% can be obtained for the temperature bias between 300 hPa and 850 hPa and 0.65% for the average RMSE. Satellite radiance observations from 1200 UTC contribute relatively significantly (77.8%) to the bias improvement of the initial temperature field. For the wind at 10 m, the bias and root-mean-square error (RMSE) both had a reduction for the 0–12 h forecast range. An improvement can be also found for the skill score of the 3-h accumulated rainfall below 10.0 mm in the first 12 h of the forecast range. There was a slight improvement in the skill score of the 6-h accumulated rainfall above 50 mm over North China, with a 20.7% improvement for the first 12 h of the forecast. The inclusion of satellite radiance observations was found to be beneficial for the initial temperature, which consequently improved the forecast skill of the 0–12 h range in the RMAPS.
Low-Cost and Efficient Indoor 3D Reconstruction through Annotated Hierarchical Structure-from-Motion
Authors: Ding Youli , Zheng Xianwei , Zhou Yan , Xiong Hanjiang , Gong Jianya
Published: December 2018

With the widespread application of location-based services, the appropriate representation of indoor spaces and efficient indoor 3D reconstruction have become essential tasks. Due to the complexity and closeness of indoor spaces, it is difficult to develop a versatile solution for large-scale indoor 3D scene reconstruction. In this paper, an annotated hierarchical Structure-from-Motion (SfM) method is proposed for low-cost and efficient indoor 3D reconstruction using unordered images collected with widely available smartphone or consumer-level cameras. Although the reconstruction of indoor models is often compromised by the indoor complexity, we make use of the availability of complex semantic objects to classify the scenes and construct a hierarchical scene tree to recover the indoor space. Starting with the semantic annotation of the images, images that share the same object were detected and classified utilizing visual words and the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. The SfM method was then applied to hierarchically recover the atomic 3D point cloud model of each object, with the semantic information from the images attached. Finally, an improved random sample consensus (RANSAC) generalized Procrustes analysis (RGPA) method was employed to register and optimize the partial models into a complete indoor scene. The proposed approach incorporates image classification in the hierarchical SfM based indoor reconstruction task, which explores the semantic propagation from images to points. It also reduces the computational complexity of the traditional SfM by avoiding exhausting pair-wise image matching. The applicability and accuracy of the proposed method was verified on two different image datasets collected with smartphone and consumer cameras. The results demonstrate that the proposed method is able to efficiently and robustly produce semantically and geometrically correct indoor 3D point models.
Social Norms and Entrepreneurial Action: The Mediating Role of Opportunity Confidence
Authors: Emami Amir , Khajeheian Datis
Published: December 2018

The aim of this paper is to investigate the mediating effect of opportunity confidence (OC) on the relationship between social norms (SNs) and decision to engage in entrepreneurial action (EA). The sample size includes prospective entrepreneurs engaged in the field of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in science and technology parks in Iran. This research uses the longitudinal survey method. Research findings from the structural equation modeling (SEM) do not confirm the mediating role of OC. However, SNs have a significant positive effect on OC, which increases the likelihood of entrepreneurial action. The paper ends with a discussion of results and practical implications.
A Digital-Twin Evaluation of Net Zero Energy Building for Existing Buildings
Authors: Kaewunruen Sakdirat , Rungskunroch Panrawee , Welsh Joshua
Published: December 2018

With buildings around the world accounting for nearly one-third of global energy demand and the availability of fossil fuels constantly on the decline, there is a need to ensure that this energy demand is efficiently and effectively managed using renewable energy now more than ever. Most research and case studies have focused on energy efficiency of ‘new’ buildings. In this study, both technical and financial viability of Net Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB) for ‘existing’ buildings will be highlighted. A rigorous review of open literatures concerning seven principal areas that in themselves define the concept of NZEB building is carried out. In practice, a suitable option of the NZEB solutions is needed for the evaluation and improvement for a specific geographical area. The evaluation and improvement has been carried out using a novel hierarchy-flow chart coupled with a Building Information Model (BIM). This BIM or digital twin is then used to thoroughly visualize each option, promote collaboration among stakeholders, and accurately estimate associated costs and associated technical issues encountered with producing an NZEB in a pre-determined location. This paper also provides a future model for NZEB applications in existing buildings, which applies renewable technologies to the building by aiming to identify ultimate benefit of the building especially in terms of effectiveness and efficiency in energy consumption. It is revealed that the digital twin is proven to be feasible for all renewable technologies applied on the NZEB buildings. Based on the case study in the UK, it can be affirmed that the suitable NZEB solution for an existing building can achieve the 23 year return period.
Shear Performance of Optimized-Section Precast Slab with Tapered Cross Section
Authors: Ju Hyunjin , Han Sun-Jin , Joo Hyo-Eun , Cho Hae-Chang , Kim Kang Su , Oh Young-Hun
Published: December 2018

The optimized-section precast slab (OPS) is a half precast concrete (PC) slab that highlights structural aesthetics while reducing the quantity of materials by means of an efficient cross-sectional configuration considering the distribution of a bending moment. However, since a tapered cross section where the locations of the top and bottom flanges change is formed at the end of the member, stress concentration occurs near the tapered cross section because of the shear force and thus the surrounding region of the tapered cross section may become unintentionally vulnerable. Therefore, in this study, experimental and numerical research was carried out to examine the shear behaviour characteristics and performance of the OPS with a tapered cross section. Shear tests were conducted on a total of eight OPS specimens, with the inclination angle of the tapered cross section, the presence of topping concrete and the amount of shear reinforcement as the main test variables and a reasonable shear-design method for the OPS members was proposed by means of a detailed analysis based on design code and finite-element analysis.
Pursuing Sustainability for Healthcare through Digital Platforms
Authors: Faggini Marisa , Cosimato Silvia , Nota Francesco David , Nota Giancarlo
Published: December 2018

Sustainability, as well as the sustainable use of resources and related issues, has inspired a long-lasting and lively debate among scholars of different disciplines. Due to under-investigation of several of the sustainability-related challenges, this paper aims to better understand the system dynamics that, supported by some digital enablers (e.g., digital technologies and platforms), boost the sustainability of complex service systems such as healthcare. To this end, the theoretical meta-model of interaction types, which inspired the prototype digital platform dedicated to the online delivery of health-related services, is presented. Moreover, some healthcare usage scenarios, based on the prototype’s functions, are analysed and discussed. This allows understanding of how important the role of technologies and, in particular, digital platforms, are in empowering actors and in making them willing to interact, and share their own resources in continually new ways. This paves the way for ongoing value co-creation, which is essential for healthcare system sustainability.
Mainstreaming Underutilized Indigenous and Traditional Crops into Food Systems: A South African Perspective
Authors: Mabhaudhi Tafadzwanashe , Chibarabada Tendai Polite , Chimonyo Vimbayi Grace Petrova , Murugani Vongai Gillian , Pereira Laura Maureen , Sobratee Nafiisa , Govender Laurencia , Slotow Rob , Modi Albert Thembinkosi
Published: December 2018

Business as usual or transformative change? While the global agro-industrial food system is credited with increasing food production, availability and accessibility, it is also credited with giving birth to ‘new’ challenges such as malnutrition, biodiversity loss, and environmental degradation. We reviewed the potential of underutilized indigenous and traditional crops to bring about a transformative change to South Africa’s food system. South Africa has a dichotomous food system, characterized by a distinct, dominant agro-industrial, and, alternative, informal food system. This dichotomous food system has inadvertently undermined the development of smallholder producers. While the dominant agro-industrial food system has led to improvements in food supply, it has also resulted in significant trade-offs with agro-biodiversity, dietary diversity, environmental sustainability, and socio-economic stability, especially amongst the rural poor. This challenges South Africa’s ability to deliver on sustainable and healthy food systems under environmental change. The review proposes a transdisciplinary approach to mainstreaming underutilized indigenous and traditional crops into the food system, which offers real opportunities for developing a sustainable and healthy food system, while, at the same time, achieving societal goals such as employment creation, wellbeing, and environmental sustainability. This process can be initiated by researchers translating existing evidence for informing policy-makers. Similarly, policy-makers need to acknowledge the divergence in the existing policies, and bring about policy convergence in pursuit of a food system which includes smallholder famers, and where underutilized indigenous and traditional crops are mainstreamed into the South African food system.
Comparative Analysis of the Impact of the Business Incubator Center on the Economic Sustainable Development of Regions in USA and Poland
Authors: Olkiewicz Marcin , Wolniak Radosław , Eva-Grebski Michaline , Olkiewicz Anna
Published: December 2018

The innovativeness boosted by incubator centers has an important role in the sustainable development of the country and its regions. The paper describes a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the business incubator center on the economic growth of a region. The goal of the paper is a comparison between two business incubators, CAN-BE in Hazleton, PA USA and Technopark in Gliwice, Poland. A number of indicators were used to measure economic growth. These selected indicators reflected social, organizational, technical, and financial aspects of economic growth.
Efficiency of the Public Pensions Funds on the Socially Responsible Equities of Mexico
Authors: De la Torre-Torres Oscar V. , Galeana-Figueroa Evaristo , Álvarez-García José
Published: December 2018

In the present work, we test the mean-variance efficiency that Mexican public pension funds would have shown had these invested their local equity portfolio component only in socially responsible stocks. With a daily simulation (from 1 January 2005 to 31 July 2018) of the Standard & Poors (S&P) Mexico target risk indices, we found that there was no significant difference between the more conservative pension funds that invested only in the Price Index and Quotations (IPC) sustainable index against the ones that invested in the conventional IPC. In the case of the more aggressive type of pension funds (those with a higher Mexican equity investment level), a lower mean-variance efficiency would have been observed had these invested in the IPC sustainable index. We also found, with a two-regime Markov-switching analysis, that socially responsible investment would have been better for most of these pension funds during distress time periods. Even if our results do not give strong short-term proof for the use of a socially responsible investment strategy in the most aggressive pension funds, we found that the benefits will be observed in the long-term, due to a better performance during distress time periods and the lag effect of mid and small-cap stocks in the performance.
Drivers of MERS-CoV Emergence in Qatar
Authors: Farag Elmoubasher , Sikkema Reina S. , Vinks Tinka , Islam Md Mazharul , Nour Mohamed , Al-Romaihi Hamad , Al Thani Mohammed , Atta Muzzamil , Alhajri Farhoud H. , Al-Marri Salih , AlHajri Mohd , Reusken Chantal , Koopmans Marion
Published: December 2018

MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome corona virus) antibodies were detected in camels since 1983, but the first human case was only detected in 2012. This study sought to identify and quantify possible drivers for the MERS-CoV emergence and spillover to humans. A list of potential human, animal and environmental drivers for disease emergence were identified from literature. Trends in possible drivers were analyzed from national and international databases, and through structured interviews with experts in Qatar. The discovery and exploitation of oil and gas led to a 5-fold increase in Qatar GDP coupled with a 7-fold population growth in the past 30 years. The lifestyle gradually transformed from Bedouin life to urban sedentary life, along with a sharp increase in obesity and other comorbidities. Owing to substantial governmental support, camel husbandry and competitions flourished, exacerbating the already rapidly occurring desertification that forced banning of free grazing in 2005. Consequently, camels were housed in compact barns alongside their workers. The transition in husbandry leading to high density camel farming along with increased exposure to humans, combined with the increase of camel movement for the racing and breeding industry, have led to a convergence of factors driving spillover of MERS-CoV from camels to humans.
Capturing the Motion of the Free Surface of a Fluid Stored within a Floating Structure
Authors: Gabl Roman , Steynor Jeffrey , Forehand David I. M. , Davey Thomas , Bruce Tom , Ingram David M.
Published: December 2018

Large floating structures, such as liquefied natural gas (LNG) ships, are subject to both internal and external fluid forces. The internal fluid forces may also be detrimental to a vessel’s stability and cause excessive loading regimes when sloshing occurs. Whilst it is relatively easy to measure the motion of external free surface with conventional measurement techniques, the sloshing of the internal free surface is more difficult to capture. The location of the internal free surface is normally extrapolated from measuring the pressure acting on the internal walls of the vessel. In order to understand better the loading mechanisms of sloshing internal fluids, a method of capturing the transient inner free surface motion with negligible affect on the response of the fluid or structure is required. In this paper two methods will be demonstrated for this purpose. The first approach uses resistive wave gauges made of copper tape to quantify the water run-up height on the walls of the structure. The second approach extends the conventional use of optical motion tracking to report the position of randomly distributed free floating markers on the internal water surface. The methods simultaneously report the position of the internal free surface with good agreement under static conditions, with absolute variation in the measured water level of around 4 mm. This new combined approach provides a map of the free surface elevation under transient conditions. The experimental error is shown to be acceptable (low mm-range), proving that these experimental techniques are robust free surface tracking methods in a range of situations.
Upscaling Mixing in Highly Heterogeneous Porous Media via a Spatial Markov Model
Authors: Wright Elise E. , Sund Nicole L. , Richter David H. , Porta Giovanni M. , Bolster Diogo
Published: December 2018

In this work, we develop a novel Lagrangian model able to predict solute mixing in heterogeneous porous media. The Spatial Markov model has previously been used to predict effective mean conservative transport in flows through heterogeneous porous media. In predicting effective measures of mixing on larger scales, knowledge of only the mean transport is insufficient. Mixing is a small scale process driven by diffusion and the deformation of a plume by a non-uniform flow. In order to capture these small scale processes that are associated with mixing, the upscaled Spatial Markov model must be extended in such a way that it can adequately represent fluctuations in concentration. To address this problem, we develop downscaling procedures within the upscaled model to predict measures of mixing and dilution of a solute moving through an idealized heterogeneous porous medium. The upscaled model results are compared to measurements from a fully resolved simulation and found to be in good agreement.
« Déjà nous »
Authors: Coquard Benoît
Published: December 2018

Cet article analyse le contexte et les portées d’une expression de terrain, tirée d’une enquête en milieu populaire rural. Pour des ruraux d’entre 25 et 35 ans environ, « déjà nous » exprime le fait de faire passer les « vrais potes » avant les autres et de se sentir solidaires de ses amis dans des oppositions communes. Cette expression est valorisante, car elle marque l’appartenance à un collectif durable. Elle est plutôt typique des fractions stables des jeunes de classes populaires enquêtés et exprime le fait que le groupe amical est clairement restreint par rapport à l’interconnaissance locale, qu’un tri est nécessaire dans la solidarité. Ainsi, le « déjà nous » témoigne d’une conscience aiguë des antagonismes et concurrences (notamment sur le marché du travail) qui traversent les classes populaires dans des contextes où l’on observe également de fortes affinités avec l’extrême droite. L’article propose alors d’examiner ces correspondances entre une conscience commune d’intérêt restreinte à quelques individus et le fait d’être en accord avec ce type de pensée politique.
Tirer parti de l’ordre établi ?
Authors: Beaumont Amélie
Published: December 2018

À partir d’une ethnographie d’un hôtel de luxe et de ses employés, cet article contribue à l’étude de la place du travail dans la formation du rapport au politique. J’analyse deux matrices de socialisation repérées sur ce terrain. La première, puissante, prend racine dans l’organisation du travail et des carrières : l’attachement au fonctionnement traditionnel du secteur imprime chez les employés des dispositions conservatrices de l’ordre établi. Ces visions du monde, profondément intériorisées, sont cependant peu converties en prises de position politiques explicites. La seconde matrice est issue du travail de politisation du rapport salarial par le syndicat. Le sentiment de vulnérabilité des employés face aux changements imposés par la direction les conduit à soutenir la CGT locale, malgré leur réticence vis-à-vis des syndicats. Mais les opinions politiques contestataires défendues par la section entrent en conflit avec les dispositions entretenues par la première matrice. L’influence respective de ces deux socialisations dépend finalement du contexte de travail et des trajectoires antérieures des employés, générant des oppositions entre salariés mais aussi des tensions à l’échelle individuelle.
La présence de chercheurs postcoloniaux dans les universités sud-africaines
Authors: Thaver Lionel , Thaver Beverley
Published: December 2018

À la lumière de l’expansion du continent africain, notre intérêt est d’identifier le volume et la forme de la population d’universitaires étrangers en Afrique du Sud provenant de 44 pays africains, avec en toile de fond les réformes structurales dans le système d’enseignement universitaire sud-africain. Nous désagrégeons cette population académique africaine en fonction de formations postcoloniales et la comparons à la distribution des pays africains d’origine. Nous examinons ces données dans vingt-trois universités qui ont été officiellement subdivisées entre les types institutionnels d’Université de Recherche, Université de Technologie et Université Généraliste. Nous fournissons un exemple empirique de la cohorte africaine de 2014 dans le système universitaire sud-africain. Nous considérons l’intérêt de prendre en compte les dimensions paradigmatiques et théoriques des épistémès africaines comme sources d’analyse de ce relativement nouveau segment de la population académique en Afrique du Sud.
Au-delà de la vitrine académique
Authors: Quashie Hélène
Published: December 2018

Cet article interroge des représentations et imaginaires sociaux qui imprègnent les pratiques académiques dans le champ français des études africaines, à partir de l’analyse de la préparation d’un colloque de jeunes chercheurs spécialisé sur l’Afrique et organisé en France. Il analyse la place et la participation des chercheurs africains à la structuration de ce champ scientifique, et ce qu’elles induisent dans la production de connaissances et la circulation des savoirs. Cette critique réflexive explore les contours contrastés de l’objet de recherche « Afrique », ses symbolisations, ses représentativités académiques et les épistémès qu’il confronte. L’analyse met aussi au jour la reproduction sociale de plusieurs mécanismes systémiques, liés notamment à l’invisibilité des chercheurs africains affiliés à des institutions africaines et aux filtres plus académiques qu’économiques ou politiques qui peuvent entraver leur mobilité vers la France.
L’eau en bouteille
Authors: Hawkins Gay , Potter Emily , Race Kane
Published: December 2018

Plastic Water s’attelle à comprendre l’émergence et le succès d’un marché de l’eau conditionnée en bouteilles plastique, en considérant la bouteille d’eau comme un objet ouvert, non achevé, et toujours intriqué dans une situation. L’ouvrage s’intéresse à dévoiler le rôle de la matérialité – les propriétés spécifiques de la bouteille plastique – dans la constitution des marchés à partir d’un travail de terrain réalisé dans trois mégapoles asiatiques ; à décrire comment la bouteille plastique s’est immiscée dans les pratiques quotidiennes du boire et les a reconfigurées ; enfin à documenter la mise en politique des marchés de l’eau en bouteille plastique via les diverses campagnes de contestation environnementale dont elle a fait l’objet, dénonçant l’accumulation de déchets plastiques.Céline Granjou propose ici la traduction de l’introduction de l’ouvrage, adossée à la traduction du premier chapitre ainsi qu’au compte rendu détaillé de l’ensemble du livre par Baptiste Monsaingeon dans ce même numéro. Le propos est à la croisée de la sociologie économique et de la sociologie de la matérialité. Il constitue une introduction brillante et limpide au rôle de la matérialité et des objets techniques dans la constitution des pratiques et des collectifs socio-économiques ainsi que dans celle des formes de contestation politique et environnementale. L’ouvrage décortique également le corpus de savoirs (médecine du sport, savoirs de l’hydratation) qui a largement contribué à l’omniprésence des bouteilles d’eau en plastique de par le monde.
Sensorialité des langues et émergence du souvenir. La traduction de la honte
Authors: Rosso Chiara
Published: December 2018

L’auteure réfléchit sur l’émergence des souvenirs et la sensorialité de la langue maternelle lors d’une migration. La langue d’emprunt et le rôle de la traduction ou de son échec sont en lien avec les dynamiques transférentielles et contre-transférentielles et peuvent trahir la présence de deuils figés. Par le biais perceptif d’un souvenir auditif et l’achoppement d’un processus de traduction, l’analyste aborde le sujet de la honte en rapport avec la reprise d’élaboration de deuils suspendus dans le cas de S.
Rosa, Rosae, Rosae. Déclinaison, Construction, Déformation
Authors: Breccia Marina
Published: December 2018

La construction est un travail préliminaire, comme Freud le signale, qui voit analysant et analyste impliqués méthodologiquement, comme le cas de Rosa proposé par Sabina Lambertucci Mann semble le rappeler avec force. Dans le cas clinique de Rosa, la construction é-voque, par l’intermédiaire d’une photo, un sentiment qui pro-voque la présence de sa mère, qui a finalement existé et qui a par conséquent disparu. La construction permet à la patiente une dramatisation de la parole, qui devient le désir de sa représentation. On peut donc penser la construction comme une fonction d’étayage pour débloquer et faire repartir la déformation et pour favoriser l’avancée de l’interprétation.
Traduire l’expérience : le concept de transformation chez Bion et dans la théorie post-bionienne du champ analytique
Authors: Civitarese Giuseppe
Published: December 2018

Le terme de transformation se retrouve partout dans l’œuvre de Freud. Cependant, ce n’est qu’avec Bion et le modèle post-bionien du champ analytique qu’il devient un véritable concept psychanalytique. Pour comprendre pourquoi un nouveau paradigme émerge dans la psychanalyse qui, contrairement au paradigme archéologique-indiciaire de la théorie classique, peut être défini comme esthétique-inter-subjectif, c’est cette spécificité qu’il faut prendre en compte. L’auteur illustre également les répercussions techniques que le concept de transformation a dans la clinique.
Écoute sémiotique, entendement sémantique
Authors: Dufour Jacques
Published: December 2018

L’auteur, dans la ligne de la découverte par Freud de la psychanalyse, née de son écoute de signes obscurs de ses profondeurs dont il perçut la transformation en images-rébus de rêve qu’il symbolisa en mots-métaphores de son interprétation, verra le clivage comme aporie de la méthode interprétative de Freud. La césure conçue par Bion comme dialectique de transformations de l’amour de la rêverie maternelle, au prix d’un changement catastrophique renouera avec la créativité de la découverte de la psychanalyse.
Déformations ou transformations dans le rêve
Authors: Jaeger Philippe
Published: December 2018

L’auteur réfute l’opposition entre Freud et Bion faite par G. Civitarese au sujet du rêve. Chez Bion, l’hétéronomie du sujet dérive de sa rencontre avec la psychose qui impose des Transformations dans la relation intersubjective. Freud, lui, conçoit les déformations à partir d’un appareil psychique autonome. David et Fain rappellent que le rêve selon Freud représente un mode de fonctionnement primitif de l’appareil psychique non séparé du fonctionnement vigile.
Emprise et sublimation
Authors: Denis Paul
Published: December 2018

L’auteur critique la conception de la sublimation développée par Giuseppe Civitarese car celle-ci abandonne complètement la référence à la pulsion sexuelle pour la référer à l’expérience esthétique et à la « pulsion de vérité ». Il propose une théorie de la sublimation à partir de la perspective qu’il a développée selon laquelle la pulsion sexuelle est composée de deux formants en emprise et en satisfaction. Le formant d’emprise étant l’agent du déplacement sublimatoire.
Entre le O chez Bion et le Roc du biologique chez Freud : divergences et convergences
Authors: Panagiotopoulou Ioanna
Published: December 2018

Entre l’O de Bion et le roc biologique de Freud, divergences et convergences, une façon de représenter les transformations auxquelles le sujet a recours vers la subjectivité et face à l’angoisse de castration.
Point de vue
Authors: Guignard-Bégoin Florence
Published: December 2018

En 50 ans, Gênes est le 3 e  CPLF où l’un des Rapports est consacré aux apports de Bion au développement de la psychanalyse. Évoquant son parcours personnel, l’auteure démontre comment Bion est l’héritier direct de Freud et de Melanie Klein. Elle rappelle les apports de Meltzer à l’œuvre de Ferro et des « post-bioniens » et décrit les désaccords du Rapporteur Giuseppe Civitarese avec d’autres auteurs sur la question de la transformation en hallucinose. Elle termine en décrivant l’importance des paramètres bioniens dans la psychanalyse avec l’enfant et l’adolescent.
L’affect dans la psychanalyse avec l’enfant
Authors: Moggio Françoise
Published: December 2018

L’auteure, s’appuyant principalement sur les théorisations d’André Green et de René Roussillon quant à l’affect, propose de les illustrer à travers trois vignettes cliniques issues de son expérience de psychanalyste avec les bébés et les enfants. La mise en forme des affects à travers le jeu dans les séances et la notion d’affect partagé entre les protagonistes est le dénominateur commun de ces cliniques.
Les transformations à la puberté et leurs retentissements sur le système symbolique
Authors: Levy Ruggero
Published: December 2018

L’auteur envisage d’examiner les impacts et les transformations inéluctables subies par le système symbolique des jeunes à partir des transformations corporelles de l’adolescence. Il s’attarde au réaménagement symbolique qui a lieu à ce moment de la vie et aux angoisses découlant de ce processus et à ses conséquences. En cette période de la vie, le « démantèlement » du système de représentations construit tout au long de l’enfance suscite le retour des angoisses primitives, notamment celle de l’anéantissement.
Déconstruction et transformations en rêve
Authors: Ferro Antonino
Published: December 2018

Cet article reprend les différentes étapes des transformations oniriques qui se jouent dans le champ analytique. Il en énumère les différentes mutations et sous-mutations possibles donnant lieu aux transformations des multiples liens entre les différents personnages semblant réactualiser le « fait choisi » de Bion/Poincaré à l’intérieur du champ. Le personnage incarne alors telle ou telle donnée émotionnelle en perpétuel mouvement.
La construction de la subjectivité dans l’espace intersubjectif
Authors: Puertas Pilar
Published: December 2018

L’auteur se propose de retracer la construction de la subjectivité en présence de l´autre, par le biais du parcours théorique de trois moments évolutifs, à savoir : le travail du double, l´altérité et l´élaboration de l´absence à travers un tiers. En guise de boussole, deux poèmes émouvants, rapportés par un patient en séance, servent de guide pour mener à bien ce type de travail.
Le corps parle : l’écoute de l’analyste
Authors: Giuffrida Amalia
Published: December 2018

Un parcours clinique, où sensations et affects s’intègrent dans le registre représentatif, est le moteur d’une réflexion autour du travail de déformation nécessaire à la création des processus de pensée.
Processus extra-névrotiques et travail de transformation de l’analyste
Authors: Quagelli Luca
Published: December 2018

Prenant appui sur le matériel clinique issu de la psychothérapie d’un patient adolescent, l’auteur propose quelques réflexions sur le déroulement des processus de transformation dans le traitement des aires non-névrotiques de la personnalité.
Le tabouret d’Einstein : un paradigme du cycle déformation-transformation et ses accomplissements
Authors: Milleur Yannick
Published: December 2018

À partir de l’analogie paradigmatique à une technique onirique – le tabouret d’Einstein  – utilisée par le physicien quantique, l’auteur propose d’associer deux processus psychiques au sein d’un cycle déformation-transformation . Ce dernier s’inscrit dans une perlaboration fondamentale, ligne de crête de la cure psychanalytique, en faisant alterner nuit et jour, rêve et interprétation, régressions et inscriptions progrédientes, dans un but unique : l’Accomplissement du sujet, dérivable en accomplissement de souhait, en accomplissement de deuil et en sublimation, en tant qu’accomplissement créateur.
Corneal Asphericity and Spherical Aberration
Authors: Calossi Antonio
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To summarize the various values of asphericity in different notations and present how corneal asphericity, corneal curvature, and entrance pupil diameter influence the longitudinal spherical aberration of the anterior corneal surface.

METHODS: After the conversion factors between the different asphericity notations were described, finite ray tracing through a conic section that models the anterior cornea profile was performed. The anterior cornea was given a range of curvatures and asphericities and a range of entrance pupil diameters.

RESULTS: If the value of asphericity remains constant, longitudinal spherical aberration increases with the square of the entrance pupil diameter. If the pupil diameter remains fixed, the spherical aberration becomes a function of the value of asphericity, the refractive index, and the radius of curvature. If the refractive index, pupil diameter and asphericity are considered constant, the spherical aberration will decrease if the corneal surface flattens and increase as the cornea becomes steeper. In this way, with the same shape factor and with the same starting apical radius, longitudinal spherical aberration became a function of the surgically induced refractive change. With equal curvature, the longitudinal spherical aberration becomes negative if the surface is more prolate than perfect Cartesian oval; it will become positive if it is less prolate, spherical, or oblate.

CONCLUSIONS: A conversion chart for corneal asphericity notations with the corresponding spherical aberration and a diagram reporting values of asphericity necessary to maintain the physiological value of the corneal spherical aberration after refractive procedures may be useful tools in corneal surgery. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:505-514.]