bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcomes After Operative and Nonoperative Treatment of Proximal Hamstring Avulsions: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Bodendorfer Blake M. , Curley Andrew J. , Kotler Joshua A. , Ryan James M. , Jejurikar Neha S. , Kumar Anagha , Postma William F.
Published: October 2017

Background:

No meta-analysis has compared outcomes of operative and nonoperative proximal hamstring avulsion treatment.

Purpose:

To compare outcomes of operative and nonoperative proximal hamstring avulsion treatment, including acute, chronic, partial, and complete repairs.

Study Design:

Meta-analysis.

Methods:

PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTdiscus, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched up to July 2016. Three authors screened the studies and performed quality assessment using criteria from the Methodologic Index for Nonrandomized Studies. A best evidence synthesis was subsequently used.

Results:

Twenty-four studies (795 proximal hamstring avulsions) were included. Twenty-two studies included proximal hamstring avulsion repairs; 1 study had proximal hamstring avulsion repairs and a control group of nonoperatively treated proximal hamstring avulsions; and 1 study had solely nonoperatively treated proximal hamstring avulsions. The majority of studies were of low methodological quality. Overall, repairs had significantly higher patient satisfaction (90.81% vs 52.94%), hamstring strength (85.01% vs 63.95%), Lower Extremity Functional Scale scores (72.77 vs 69.53), and single-legged hop test results (119.1 vs 56.62 cm) (all P < .001); complications occurred in 23.17% of cases. Compared with chronic repairs, acute avulsion repairs had greater patient satisfaction (95.48% vs 83.79%), less pain (1.07 vs 3.71), and greater strength (85.2% vs 82.8%), as well as better scores for the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (75.64 vs 71.5), UCLA activity scale (University of California, Los Angeles; 8.57 vs 8.10), and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (93.36 vs 86.50) (all P < .001). Compared with partial avulsion repairs, complete avulsion repairs had higher patient satisfaction (89.64% vs 81.35%, P < .001), less pain (1.87 vs 4.60, P < .001), and higher return to sport or preinjury activity level, but this was insignificant (81.43% vs 73.83%, P = .082). Partial avulsion repairs had better hamstring strength (86.04% vs 83.71%, P < .001) and endurance (107.13% vs 100.17%, P < .001). Complete repairs had significantly higher complication rates (29.38% vs 11.27%, P = .001).

Conclusion:

Proximal hamstring avulsion repair resulted in superior outcomes as compared with nonoperative treatment, although the complication rate was 23.17%. The nonoperative group was quite small, making a true comparison difficult. Acute repairs have better outcomes than do chronic repairs. Complete avulsion repairs had higher patient satisfaction, less pain, and a higher complication rate than partial avulsion repairs, although partial avulsion repairs had better hamstring strength and endurance. Studies of high methodological quality are lacking in terms of investigating the outcomes of proximal hamstring avulsion repairs.
Effects of total flavonoids of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) on cytotoxicity of NK92-MI cells
Authors: Hou Diandong , Wang Decheng , Ma Xiande , Chen Wenna , Guo Shengnan , Guan Hongquan
Published: October 2017

Sea buckthorn ( Hippophae rhamnoides L.) has multifarious medicinal properties including immunoregulatory effect. The total flavonoids of Hippophae rhamnoides L. (TFH) are the main active components isolated from berries of sea buckthorn. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of TFH on the cytotoxicity of NK92-MI cells and its possible mechanisms. NK92-MI cells were treated with TFH (2.5 or 5.0 mg/L) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 24 h, the cytotoxicity against K562 was detected by measuring the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), expression levels of NCRs (NKp30, NKp44, NKp46) and NKG2D were detected by flow cytometry, and expression levels of perforin and granzyme B were detected by western blot. Cytokine Antibody Arrays with 80 cytokine proteins were used to profile the effect of TFH on cytokines. Western blot was adopted to detect the effects of TFH on STAT1, STAT4, and STAT5 signal pathway. Compared with the normal control group, TFH could significantly enhance NK92-MI cell cytotoxicity against K562 cells, upregulate expressions of NKp44, NKp46, perforin, and granzyme B. TFH could upregulate expressions of IL-1α, IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, CSF-2, CSF-3, MCP-1, MIG, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and TNF-β and downregulate expressions of IL-16, MIP-1β, CX3CL-1, and MIF. TFH could increase expressions of phospho-STAT1 and phospho-STAT5. The results suggest that TFH stimulated NK92-MI cells to activate and enhance cytotoxicity of NK92-MI cells.
Collaborative Robotics, More Than Just Working in Groups
Authors: Taylor Kellie , Baek Youngkyun
Published: October 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine what collaborative interventions produce positive effects for students working on collaborative robotics projects for science process skills, collaborative problem-solving, and learning motivation. In addition, the study examined the impact students’ prior robotics experience had on science process skills, collaborative problem-solving, and learning motivation. The results indicated experience level and collaboration interventions can have impacts on students. Assigned Group Roles had positive effects on students’ motivation and collaborative problem-solving. Experience level also had effects upon student learning motivation and collaborative problem-solving with the Novice status associated with higher levels as compared with students who had more experience. A collaboration intervention was identified that has the potential to produce positive effects for students in collaborative robotics projects as well as assist classroom educators in the purposeful design of collaborative robotics projects with scientifically based strategies to improve the attitudinal outcomes for students of various robotics experience.
Bisphenol A and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exert divergent effects on apoptosis and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in zebrafish embryos: A possible mechanism of endocrine disrupting chemical action
Authors: Üstündağ Ünsal Veli , Ünal İsmail , Ateş Perihan Seda , Alturfan A Ata , Yiğitbaşı Türkan , Emekli-Alturfan Ebru
Published: October 2017

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polycarbonate (PC) are the most commonly used plastics in water bottles. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is used as a plasticizer in PET plastics, and bisphenol A (BPA) is used to produce PC. Both DEHP and BPA are known for their potential endocrine disrupting effects. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has important roles in cell proliferation, cell specification and cell fate determination during embryonic development. Recent reports suggest a link between the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between Wnt/β-catenin signaling and apoptosis in the case of BPA and DEHP exposure in zebrafish embryos. Accordingly, in vivo cell death was assessed using acridine orange staining, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the expressions of wnt3a, gsk3β and ccnd1. Proliferative cell nuclear antigen, β-catenin and Wnt3a expressions were determined immunohistochemically. Vitellogenin levels were determined using Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA). Increased vitellogenin levels, apoptosis, and wnt3a and gsk3β expressions were observed in BPA-exposed zebrafish embryos. Increased apoptosis in the BPA-exposed embryos may be due to the pro-apoptotic changes induced by Wnt3a, whereas DEHP might be suggested to have a minor effect as Wnt3a expression; vitellogenin levels and apoptosis did not increase significantly following exposure to DEHP.
Evaluation of gamma radiation-induced DNA damage in Aedes aegypti using the comet assay
Authors: Shetty Vinaya , Shetty NJ , Ananthanarayana SR , Jha SK , Chaubey RC
Published: October 2017

The study was undertaken to evaluate gamma radiation-induced DNA damage in Aedes aegypti. The comet assay was employed to demonstrate the extent of DNA damage produced in adult male A. aegypti exposed to seven different doses of gamma radiation, ranging from 1 Gy to 50 Gy. DNA damage was measured as the percentage of comet tail DNA. A significant linear increase in DNA damage was observed in all samples; the extent of damage being proportional to the dose of gamma radiation the organism received, except in those treated with 1 Gy. The highest amount of DNA damage was noticed at 1 h postirradiation, which decreased gradually with time, that is, at 3, 6 and 12 h postirradiation. This may indicate repair of the damaged DNA and/or loss of heavily damaged cells as the postirradiation time increased. The comet assay serves as a sensitive and rapid technique to detect gamma radiation-induced DNA damage in A. aegypti. This could be used as a potential biomarker for environmental risk assessment.
Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition—From Hospital to Home: Will It Be Covered?
Authors: Bonnes Sara L. , Salonen Bradley R. , Hurt Ryan T. , McMahon Megan T. , Mundi Manpreet S.
Published: October 2017

With scientific advances allowing for the safe delivery of parenteral and enteral nutrition in the home setting, challenges have risen with determining how this will be financially feasible for patients. In the United States, the government is one of the major payers for home parenteral and enteral nutrition (HPEN). Thus, it is important for nutrition providers to have an understanding of the Medicare criteria that must be met in order for these services to be covered. It can be difficult for clinicians to sift through these requirements and decipher for whom and when HPEN is covered. As our nutrition science knowledge and delivery continue to grow and evolve, potential barriers to this coverage may arise. This article provides background on those currently on HPEN in the United States, the current Medicare HPEN coverage criteria, and challenges we may face in the future.
Considerations for Fueling an Endurance Athlete With Home Parenteral Nutrition
Authors: Tillman Emma M. , Opilla Marianne
Published: October 2017

The goal of clinicians managing nutrition support for patients with home parenteral nutrition (HPN) is to adapt nutrition needs to best serve the consumers, so they may have the best quality of life despite specialized nutrition needs. Some HPN consumers may desire to participate in endurance athletics, which will require special considerations. This review is intended to outline key nutrition differences in endurance athletes that a nutrition support team should consider when providing HPN.
Treatment of a burn animal model with functionalized tridimensional electrospun biomaterials
Authors: Steffens Daniela , Mathor Monica Beatriz , Soster Paula Rigon da Luz , Vergani Gustavo , Luco Dayane Piffer , Pranke Patricia
Published: October 2017

Laminin-functionalized poly-d,l-lactic acid scaffolds were produced. Following this, mesenchymal stem cells and keratinocytes were seeded on biomaterials for the in vivo experiments, where the biomaterials with or without cells were implanted. The analysis is comprised of the visual aspect and mean size of the lesion plus the histology and gene expression. The results showed that the cells occupied all the structure of the scaffolds in all the groups. After nine days of in vivo experiments, the defect size did not show statistical difference among the groups, although the groups with the poly-d,l-lactic acid/Lam biomaterial had the lowest lesion size and presented the best visual aspect of the wound. Gene expression analysis showed considerable increase of tumor growth factor beta 1 expression, increased vascular endothelial growth factor and balance of the BAX/Bcl-2 ratio when compared to the lesion group. Histological analysis showed well-formed tissue in the groups where the biomaterials and biomaterials plus cells were used. In some animals, in which biomaterials and cells were used, the epidermis was formed throughout the length of the wound. In conclusion, these biomaterials were found to be capable of providing support for the growth of cells and stimulated the healing of the skin, which was improved by the use of cells.
The Brexit Botnet and User-Generated Hyperpartisan News
Authors: Bastos Marco T. , Mercea Dan
Published: October 2017

In this article, we uncover a network of Twitterbots comprising 13,493 accounts that tweeted the United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, only to disappear from Twitter shortly after the ballot. We compare active users to this set of political bots with respect to temporal tweeting behavior, the size and speed of retweet cascades, and the composition of their retweet cascades (user-to-bot vs. bot-to-bot) to evidence strategies for bot deployment. Our results move forward the analysis of political bots by showing that Twitterbots can be effective at rapidly generating small- to medium-sized cascades; that the retweeted content comprises user-generated hyperpartisan news, which is not strictly fake news, but whose shelf life is remarkably short; and, finally, that a botnet may be organized in specialized tiers or clusters dedicated to replicating either active users or content generated by other bots.
Eroding ‘Respectability’: Deprofessionalization Through Organizational Spaces
Authors: Siebert Sabina , Bushfield Stacey , Martin Graeme , Howieson Brian
Published: October 2017

This article addresses the question – can a deterioration in organizational spaces erode a profession’s status? It draws on the organizational spaces literature to analyse the relationship between design of the physical work setting and senior doctors’ experiences of deprofessionalization. Analysis of qualitative data from a study of senior hospital doctors identifies two main themes that link the experience of spaces with perceptions of the erosion of professional status and reduced knowledge sharing. These two themes are: emplacement, which is the application of coercive power both in and through spatial arrangements; and isolation, which refers to physical alienation in the workplace leading to disconnection and a perceived loss of power. Observing the changes in the physical environment over time and mapping them against these processes of deprofessionalization offers interesting new insights into the sociology of professions.
A Scriptural Model for the Song of Tobit (Tobit 13.1–18)
Authors: Henderson Ruth
Published: October 2017

The aim of this study is to look afresh at the scriptural sources underlying the Song of Tobit in Tobit 13 and to suggest a scriptural model for the authorial/editorial shaping of this Song in terms of the Kingship of YHWH Psalms in the Psalter. The study proceeds with an investigation of the group of psalms commonly designated Kingship of YHWH Psalms, with particular emphasis on the collection of these psalms in Book IV of the Psalter (Pss. 93, 95–99). This is followed by an overview of the complex textual situation and structure of the Song of Tobit (Tob. 13.1–18). Finally, a comparison of the features of Tobit 13 and those of the Kingship of YHWH Psalms is made. The study concludes with the suggestion that Tobit 13, in the earliest form known to us, has been modelled on what appears to be a generic modulation of the Kingship of YHWH Psalms found in the collection of Psalms 93, 95–99. It is suggested that in Tobit 13 the admonitory and eschatological elements found in germinal form in the Kingship of YHWH collection have been creatively extended and developed in a manner suggestive of a synagogue, rather than Temple locus for the song.
Orphanhood and Parenthood in Joseph and Aseneth
Authors: Hays Nathan
Published: October 2017

In the romance Joseph and Aseneth, Aseneth identifies herself as an orphan abandoned by her parents (e.g., 11.3–5; 12.5; 13.1–2). The problem, however, is that she consistently maintains cordial relations with her family. This article addresses this discrepancy by analyzing the rhetorical function of the orphanhood language in light of the parenthood imagery running throughout the work. The romance presents people as belonging to the families of either God or the devil (12.9–11). Aseneth's self-identification as an orphan both signals her total separation from the family of the devil and prepares Aseneth for full incorporation into the family of God by placing her into the category of marginalized people over whom God exercises paternal care (e.g., 11.13; 12.13). The orphanhood and parenthood language thus justifies the acceptance of non-Jews into the chosen community in a way that could have appealed to some communities of Jews or Christians.
Minimum time optimal control simulation of a GP2 race car
Authors: Dal Bianco Nicola , Lot Roberto , Gadola Marco
Published: October 2017

In this work, optimal control theory is applied to minimum lap time simulation of a GP2 car, using a multibody car model with enhanced load transfer dynamics. The mathematical multibody model is formulated with use of the symbolic algebra software MBSymba and it comprises 14 degrees of freedom, including full chassis motion, suspension travels and wheel spins. The kinematics of the suspension is exhaustively analysed and the impact of tyre longitudinal and lateral forces in determining vehicle trim is demonstrated. An indirect optimal control method is then used to solve the minimum lap time problem. Simulation outcomes are compared with experimental data acquired during a qualifying lap at Montmeló circuit (Barcelona) in the 2012 GP2 season. Results demonstrate the reliability of the model, suggesting it can be used to optimise car settings (such as gearing and aerodynamic setup) before executing track tests.
Influence of sheet thickness on mechanical clinch–compress joining technology
Authors: Chen Chao , Han Xiaolan , Zhao Shengdun , Xu Fan , Zhao Xuzhe , Ishida Tohru
Published: October 2017

A mechanical clinch–compress joining technology was investigated to join sheets with different thicknesses in the present study. A pair of flat dies was used to compress the clinched joint, and a rivet was used to increase the joining strength. Al5052 sheets with different thicknesses were used to conduct the joining experiments. Tensile strength test and shearing strength test were conducted to evaluate the quality of the compressed joint. Failure mode, feasibility of the joining method, neck thickness, tensile strength, shearing strength, and energy absorption were investigated to show the mechanical properties of the compressed joint. The main failure mode of the joints is neck fracture mode, which means that the neck thickness determines the strength in this study. The mechanical clinch–compress joining technology can increase the strength and energy absorption of the joint by increasing the neck thickness. The joint with a thick upper sheet also can get higher strength and energy absorption by producing a thicker neck thickness. The mechanical clinch–compress joining technology can be used in the visible areas where higher strength and lower protrusion are needed.
Robust constrained fault-tolerant attitude control for flexible spacecraft
Authors: Long Haihui , Zhao Jiankang
Published: October 2017

In this paper, robust constrained fault-tolerant attitude controllers are proposed for flexible spacecraft subjected to external disturbance, model uncertainty, input saturation, and actuator faults. Three types of actuator faults of spacecraft, i.e. partial loss of effectiveness, stuck fault, and outage fault, are modeled explicitly. To handle these actuator faults, a significant lemma is proposed and rigorous proof is conducted at length. By introducing two e-modification parameter update laws to online estimate the unknown parameters caused by actuator faults, constrained fault-tolerant attitude controllers of flexible spacecraft are designed to accommodate these faults without the need of any prior information about these faults. The proposed controllers can achieve the disturbance attenuation in the sense of [Formula: see text] gain. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithms is assessed through numerical simulations.
Negotiating the hairless ideal in Āotearoa/New Zealand: Choice, awareness, complicity, and resistance in younger women's accounts of body hair removal
Authors: Terry Gareth , Braun Virginia , Jayamaha Shanuki , Madden Helen
Published: October 2017

Hair removal amongst Western women is ubiquitous, and research continues to highlight the ongoing conformity of almost all women with hair removal practices. Often women are presented as either cultural dupes, following the expectations of the Western hairless ideal without question, or highly engaged participants in the rigours of aesthetic labour, using it for their own agentic purposes. This paper seeks to explore the various ways that younger women (18–35) made sense of their own and others’ hair removal practices. We report on a thematic analysis of data generated from an online (mostly) qualitative survey with 299 female-identified respondents. Four themes were constructed: (1) women should do what they want with their body hair, (2) removing hair is socially shaped, (3) begrudging complicity, and (4) resistance to hair removal norms takes a particular kind of woman. We discuss the ways in which women described their practices and thinking where they seemed simultaneously complicit with and resistant to idealised notions of feminine embodiment.
Influences of Background Noise on Infants and Children
Authors: Erickson Lucy C. , Newman Rochelle S.
Published: October 2017

The goal of this review is to provide a high-level, selected overview of the consequences of background noise on health, perception, cognition, and learning during early development, with a specific focus on how noise may impair speech comprehension and language learning (e.g., via masking). Although much of the existing literature has focused on adults, research shows that infants and young children are relatively disadvantaged at listening in noise. Consequently, a major goal is to consider how background noise may affect young children, who must learn and develop language in noisy environments despite being simultaneously less equipped to do so.
Light-emitting diodes as light sources for spectroscopy: Sensitivity to temperature
Authors: Hayes Clinton J , Walsh Kerry B , Greensill Colin V
Published: October 2017

Understanding of light-emitting diode lamp behaviour is essential to support the use of these devices as illumination sources in near infrared spectroscopy. Spectral variation in light-emitting diode peak output (680, 700, 720, 735, 760, 780, 850, 880 and 940 nm) was assessed over time from power up and with variation in environmental temperature. Initial light-emitting diode power up to full intensity occurred within a measurement cycle (12 ms), then intensity decreased exponentially over approximately 6 min, a result ascribed to an increase in junction temperature as current is passed through the light-emitting diode. Some light-emitting diodes displayed start-up output characteristics on their first use, indicating the need for a short light-emitting diode ‘burn in’ period, which was less than 24 h in all cases. Increasing the ambient temperature produced a logarithmic decrease in overall intensity of the light-emitting diodes and a linear shift to longer wavelength of the peak emission. This behaviour is consistent with the observed decrease in the IAD Index (absorbance difference between 670 nm and 720 nm, A670–A720) with increased ambient temperature, as measured by an instrument utilising light-emitting diode illumination (DA Meter). Instruments using light-emitting diodes should be designed to avoid or accommodate the effect of temperature. If accommodating temperature, as light-emitting diode manufacturer specifications are broad, characterisation is recommended.
The emergence of mandatory continuing professional education at the Institute of Certified Public Accountants in Ireland
Authors: Murphy Brid , Quinn Martin
Published: October 2017

This article explores the emergence of mandatory continuing professional education (CPE) at The Institute of Certified Public Accountants in Ireland (hereafter CPA Ireland). While a relatively recent phenomenon within the accounting profession, mandatory CPE is an essential component of ongoing education for accounting professionals. Mandatory CPE was not required of accountants until 1 January 2006, following 2004 International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) guidance. However, bye-laws of accounting bodies in the United Kingdom and Ireland referred to CPE since the 1970s as a recommendation, not a mandatory requirement. CPA Ireland instigated such a mandatory CPE system effective 1 January 1993, many years before the 2004 IFAC guidance and nearly a decade before most other professional accounting bodies in the United Kingdom and Ireland. This article explores the historical emergence of this mandatory CPE system through a neo-institutional approach. The evidence suggests that some institutional contradictions arose, mainly around misaligned interests (growth vs survival) and legitimacy (as a professional accounting body). From these contradictions, institutional change from within emerged – and a key component of this change was mandatory CPE.
Active/semi-active hybrid isolation system with fuzzy switching controller
Authors: Fu Jie , Li Peidong , Liao Guanyao , Lai Junjie , Yu Miao
Published: October 2017

This article designs an active/semi-active hybrid isolator using magnetorheological elastomer isolator and piezoelectric stack actuator to suppress the wide-frequency vibration in precision platform, which can be switched to active isolator, semi-active one, and passive one according to the spectrum signature of the excitation. First, the structure of the hybrid isolator is introduced. Then, the dynamic model of the hybrid isolation system is established, the model parameters are identified, and the switching condition for the hybrid isolator is derived by experiments. Next, considering variable amplitude and frequency vibration of the isolated system, an active and semi-active fuzzy switch controller is designed for piezoelectric stack actuator and magnetorheological elastomer hybrid isolator, which are independent of the system model, self-tuning, and robust. Finally, the numerical simulations are conducted under variable frequency excitations to evaluate the performance of the designed fuzzy switch controller, and the results show that the hybrid isolator, combined with the fuzzy switch controller, can attenuate full frequency vibration effectively.
The Paradox of Safety in Medication Management
Authors: Hawkins Sara F. , Nickman Nancy A. , Morse Janice M.
Published: October 2017

The reduction of medication errors is largely dependent upon the structure of the medication management system and the role of the pharmacist in the acute care setting. The significance of this claim became evident in an ethnographic study of nurses’ work in which data were generated from extensive observations, formal interviews, and document reviews. Each step of medication management—from ordering to administering—was microanalyzed, and spaces and places for error emerged. Results revealed medication errors defined by proximity to the patient. Pharmacists became a surprising “stop-gap” between the physicians and patients in the recognition and interception of medication errors occurring far removed from the bedside and did not formally support the reporting of these errors. Understanding the complexity of this process and the roles of involved personnel reminds us that there is presently no fool-proof plan for the reduction of medication errors and implies a culture of safety remains elusive.
Development of a stress-based creep-fatigue equation: Accommodating pure-fatigue to pure-creep for the high-cycle loading regime
Authors: Liu Dan , Pons Dirk J
Published: October 2017

Background

The creep-fatigue damage in low-cycle regime has been described by a strain-based creep-fatigue equation through integrating creep effect into fatigue damage.

Need

There is a need to develop a creep-fatigue equation which describes the stress-controlled creep-fatigue behaviour in high-cycle regime.

Approach

This stress-based creep-fatigue equation was developed through superposing a fatigue mechanism with a creep mechanism. This creep-fatigue equation was then validated on GP91 casting steel. The creep-fatigue data were transformed to the reference condition and collapsed into one power-law curve with good quality.

Outcomes

This result verified the formulas of the fatigue component and the creep component, and demonstrated the method of extracting the coefficients. The full-range characteristic of this creep-fatigue equation is discussed. In addition, the introduction of the compatibility presents a better description of the reference condition.

Originality

A new creep-fatigue equation is provided with demonstrably good ability to cover the full range of conditions from the pure-fatigue condition to the pure-creep condition for the high-cycle regime. The method of extracting the coefficients is also provided.
Suicidal Ideation and Related Factors Among Korean High School Students
Authors: Sohn Min , Oh Heymin , Lee Sang-Kyu , Potenza Marc N.
Published: October 2017

The purpose of the study was to explore the association among suicidal ideation, cyber addiction, and school bullying of Korean high school students. This descriptive cross-sectional study included 416 students. The data were collected using structured questionnaires on suicidal ideation, Internet and smartphone addiction, experiences of school bullying, impulsiveness, and depression. Students who were bullied (odds ratio [ OR] = 3.0, 95% CI [1.1, 8.4]) and more depressed ( OR = 10.8, 95% CI [2.4, 48.2]) were more likely to have higher scores for suicidal ideation; however, when a lower stringency was used, female gender ( OR = 2.3, 95% CI [1.3, 4.0]) and addiction to smartphones ( OR = 2.4, 95% CI [1.1, 5.4]) were also statistically significant contributors to the presence of suicidal ideation. Students with suicidal ideation that is higher than average, but lower than the classical thresholds for risk group designation, should also be carefully assessed for early detection and intervention. Cyber addiction may be a particularly significant contributor to suicidal ideation, in addition to bullying and depressive mood, among Korean adolescents.
Malignant Ectomesenchymoma: Series Analysis of a Histologically and Genetically Heterogeneous Tumor
Authors: Griffin Brannan B. , Chou Pauline M. , George David , Jennings Lawrence J. , Arva Nicoleta C.
Published: October 2017

Aims. Malignant ectomesenchymoma is a rare pediatric neoplasm with dual mesenchymal and neuroectodermal elements. Mesenchymal component is usually rhabdomyosarcoma, particularly embryonal subtype, whereas neuroectodermal derivatives are frequently a neuroblastic tumor. Ectomesenchymoma manifests in various sites given the wide migration of neural crest cells during development, though the pelvis/perineum is most often involved. Moreover, no unique unifying molecular abnormality has been determined. Methods. We conducted a retrospective study to analyze the spectrum of ectomesenchymal tumors encountered in our pediatric population. Six patients were identified and data pertaining to patients’ demographic, tumor size and site, histologic components with immunophenotypic profile, molecular alterations, treatment, and outcome were collected. Results. Mesenchymal elements, represented by rhabdomyosarcoma in all instances, were the dominant component in the majority of cases (5/6). Embryonal and alveolar morphology had similar distribution (3/6) and all patients with alveolar subtype harbored the characteristic translocations of this entity. The neuroectodermal component was most often a neuroblastic-like neoplasm (4/6); however, 2/6 cases demonstrated primitive neuroectodermal tumor-like morphology. No unifying alterations were found on molecular studies. Conclusions. Our analysis extends the histologic and molecular spectrum of these tumors and highlights their heterogeneity. The percentage of cases with alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma or primitive neuroectodermal-like tumor components suggests that these types of elements might be underreported. This study is also the first to demonstrate FOXO1 gene rearrangements in malignant ectomesenchymoma with alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma subtype.
Correlation of Hallux Rigidus Grade With Motion, VAS Pain, Intraoperative Cartilage Loss, and Treatment Success for First MTP Joint Arthrodesis and Synthetic Cartilage Implant
Authors: Baumhauer Judith F. , Singh Dishan , Glazebrook Mark , Blundell Chris M. , De Vries Gwyneth , Le Ian L. D. , Nielsen Dominic , Pedersen M. Elizabeth , Sakellariou Anthony , Solan Matthew , Wansbrough Guy , Younger Alastair S. E. , Daniels Timothy R.
Published: October 2017

Background:

Grading systems are used to assess severity of any condition and as an aid in guiding treatment. This study examined the relationship of baseline motion, pain, and observed intraoperative cartilage loss with hallux rigidus grade.

Methods:

A prospective, randomized study examining outcomes of arthrodesis compared to synthetic cartilage implant was performed. Patients underwent preoperative clinical examination, radiographic assessment, hallux rigidus grade assignment, and intraoperative assessment of cartilage loss. Visual analog scale (VAS) score for pain was obtained preoperatively and at 24 months. Correlation was made between active peak dorsiflexion, VAS pain, cartilage loss, and hallux rigidus grade. Fisher’s exact test was used to assess grade impact on clinical success ( P < .05).

Results:

In 202 patients, 59 (29%), 110 (55%), and 33 (16%) were classified as Coughlin grades 2, 3, and 4, respectively. There was no correlation between grade and active peak dorsiflexion (–0.069, P = .327) or VAS pain (–0.078, P = .271). Rank correlations between grade and cartilage loss were significant, but correlations were small. When stratified by grade, composite success rates between the 2 treatments were nearly identical.

Conclusions:

Irrespective of the grade, positive outcomes were demonstrated for both fusion and synthetic cartilage implant. Clinical symptoms and signs should be used to guide treatment, rather than a grade consisting of radiographic, symptoms, and range of motion factors.

Level of Evidence:

Level II, randomized clinical trial.
The Effect of Peroneal Muscle Strength on Functional Outcomes After the Modified Broström Procedure for Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Cho Byung-Ki , Park Ji-Kang , Choi Seung-Myung , SooHoo Nelson F.
Published: October 2017

Background:

Although the peroneal muscles are known to be the major dynamic lateral stabilizers of the ankle, little information is available regarding the change in muscle strength and relation with the outcomes after lateral ligament repair surgery. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of peroneal strength on the validated functional outcome measures after the modified Broström procedure (MBP) for chronic ankle instability.

Methods:

Forty-one patients (41 ankles) who underwent MBP using suture anchors were eligible and followed up to 2 years postoperatively. Functional evaluation consisted of the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), and Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM). The changes of peroneal strength were evaluated using an isokinetic dynamometer. Differences in the functional outcomes between the 3 groups divided according to the recovery rate of peroneal strength were analyzed.

Results:

Peak torque and total work for eversion in 60 degrees/s angular velocity significantly improved from a mean 8.1 and 5.2 Nm preoperatively to 11.4 and 6.9 Nm at postoperative 2 years, respectively ( P < .001, P = .038). The deficit ratio of peak torque for eversion significantly improved from a mean 38.6% to 17.4%, and a significant side-to-side difference was found ( P = .011). There were no significant differences in FAOS, FAAM, and measurements of stress radiograph between the 3 groups.

Conclusions:

Although restoration of peroneal strength postoperatively was about 82.6% of the unaffected ankle, patient-reported function in daily and sport activities were satisfactorily improved. Postoperative isokinetic strength of the peroneals demonstrated no statistically significant effects on the functional outcomes after MBP.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, prospective comparative case series.
Improved model correlation through optimal parameter ranking using model reduction algorithms: Augmenting engineering judgment
Authors: Phoenix Austin A , Bales Dustin , Sarlo Rodrigo , Tarazaga Pablo
Published: October 2017

As the complexity and scales of dynamic models increase, novel and efficient model correlation methodologies are vital to the development of accurate models. Classically, to correlate a Finite Element Model (FEM) such that it matches a dynamic test, an experienced engineer chooses a small subset of input parameters that are surmised to be crucial, sensitive and/or possibly erroneous. The operator will then use engineering judgment, or a model updating technique to update the selected subset of parameters until the error between the FEM and the test article is reduced to within a set bound. To reduce the intricacy and difficulty of model correlation, a methodology is proposed to provide a quantitative parameter importance ranking using a model reduction algorithm applied to a parameter sensitivity analysis. Four model reduction algorithms are studied in this effort, the Discrete Empirical Interpolation Method (SVD-DEIM), Q-DEIM, Projection Coefficient and finally Weighted Projection Coefficient. These model reduction methods identify and rank critical parameters, enabling the selection of a minimum set of critical correlation parameters. This reduced set of parameters results in reduced computational resources and engineering effort required to generate a correlated model. The insight gained using these methods is essential in developing an optimal, reduced parameter set that provides high correlation capability with minimal iterative costs. To evaluate the proposed parameter selection methodology, a representative set of academic and industry experts provided their engineering judgment for comparison with the methodology presented. A comprehensive investigation of the robustness of this methodology is performed on a simple cantilever beam for demonstration. The scale of the model has expressly been chosen to allow for all potential ranking variations to be evaluated so that these ranking methods can be understood relative to the true optimal ranking. The ranking robustness to incorrect engineering judgment, resulting in uncertainty in the assumed size of the design space and, therefore, the error bounds, is investigated. The methodology presented identifies the most useful parameters for correlation, enabling a straightforward and computationally efficient model correlation approach as compared with other methods. To quantify the ranking quality, a metric, the Correlation Norm Error, is developed. For the problem discussed, blind random assessments result in a Correlation Norm Error of 413.3. Engineering judgment has been shown to improve upon blind random assessments, reducing the Correlation Norm Error to 334.3. The best performing model reduction method, Q-DEIM using 10 FEM runs as the input, was able to identify the optimal ranking correctly, reducing the Correlation Norm Error to zero.
Modeling the survival of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium during the fermentation of yogurt
Authors: Savran Derya , Pérez-Rodríguez Fernando , Halkman A Kadir
Published: October 2017

The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium, the two most important serovars of salmonellosis , during the fermentation of yogurt. The microorganisms were enumerated in milk throughout the fermentation process at three initial inoculum levels (3, 5 and 7 log CFU/mL). DMFit software was used in the fitting procedure of the data (IFR, Norwich, UK, Version 3.5). The data provided sigmoidal curves that were successfully displayed with the Baranyi model. The results showed that the initial inoculum level did not affect the growth for both pathogens; thus, the µmax values (maximum specific growth rate) did not significantly differ across all the contamination levels, ranging from 0.26 to 0.38 for S. Enteritidis and from 0.50 to 0.56 log CFU/g/h for S. Typhimurium ( P > 0.05). However, the µmax values significantly differed between the two serovars ( P < 0.05). The λ values (lag time) did not have a clear trend in either of the pathogens. The present study showed that Salmonella can survive the fermentation process of milk even at a low contamination level. In addition, the models presented in this study can be used in quantitative risk assessment studies to estimate the threat to consumers.
Comorbid Internalizing and Externalizing Disorders Predict Lability of Negative Emotions Among Children With ADHD
Authors: Leaberry Kirsten D. , Rosen Paul J. , Fogleman Nicholas D. , Walerius Danielle M. , Slaughter Kelly E.
Published: October 2017

Objective: A subset of children with ADHD experience more frequent, sudden, and intense shifts toward negative emotions. The current study utilized ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to provide a valid assessment of the impact of comorbid internalizing and externalizing disorders on negative emotional lability (EL) among children with ADHD. Method: Parents of 58, 8- to 12-year-old children with ADHD were administered a diagnostic interview to assess for ADHD and for the presence of comorbid disorders. Parents completed EMA-based ratings of their child’s negative emotions three times daily for a total of 28 days. Results: Children with a comorbid internalizing disorder or children with comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) experienced significantly greater EMA-derived negative EL than children without comorbid disorders over time. Children with multiple comorbidities experienced greater EL than children with single comorbidities. Conclusion: Overall, this study suggested that both comorbid ODD and comorbid internalizing disorders contribute to negative EL among children with ADHD.
Historicizing the Lived Masculinities in a Postpartitioned Metropolis
Authors: Das Arnab
Published: October 2017

The autoethnographic narrative seeks to historicize the major political episodes of Calcutta/Kolkata metropolis as the meeting point of personal and public contexts of meaning since India’s independence. This juxtaposition has emerged to be even more significant due to the partition of Bengal, India. The middle-class majority framework of everyday life in the city shifted from the closed class hegemony of the bhadralok masculinity to the postpartitioned position of open and inclusive masculinity, which encountered unprecedented challenges in terms of caste, gender, and class. For theorizing such masculinities (e.g., feudal, radical, coercive, conjugated, and pragmatic) in these periods, the personal is found to be related to the public, the subaltern is found to be related to the hegemonic, and the political enters critically the continuum of the domestic and the public. Despite the growing autonomy of women since the colonial period (until it reached the scope of accepted practice in the postcolonial period), the deeply embedded patriarchy at the level of the family privileged masculinity as the only legitimate manifestation of hegemonic power in the public practices of any order of society. Bengalis could not come out of this masculine fold in spite of a militancy invoked for survival, encounters with radical movements, political turbulence, and the pragmatic governance of the populace for a long period.
Hylan G-F 20: Review of its Safety and Efficacy in the Management of Joint Pain in Osteoarthritis
Authors: Migliore A. , Giovannangeli F. , Granata M. , Laganà B.
Published: October 2017

Background

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease that is a clinically and economically important disease. The increased prevalence of OA with aging, coupled to the demographics of aging populations, make OA a high priority health care problem. Viscosupplementation (VS) is a well-established treatment option in knee OA that is included in the professional guidelines for treatment of this joint disease, and could potentially provide a useful alternative in treating such patients with painful OA. Theoretically VS is an approach that should apply to all synovial joints.

Objectives

The aim of this review is to assess the efficacy and safety of viscosupplementation with Hylan GF-20 (Synvisc®) in the management of joint pain in osteoarthritis.

Methods

The following databases were searched: Medline, Database of Abstract on Reviews and Effectiveness, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Furthermore, the lists of references of retrieved publications were manually checked for additional references. The search terms Review, Viscosupplementation, Osteoarthritis, Hyaluronic acid, Hyaluronan, Sodium Hyaluronate, Hylan GF-20, Synvisc, intra-articular injection were used to identify all studies relating to the use of Synvisc® viscosupplementation therapy in OA.

Results

Hylan GF-20 is a safe and effective treatment for decreasing pain and improving function in patients suffering from knee and hip OA but new evidences are emerging for its use in other joints.
Preparing special education teacher candidates to teach English language learners with disabilities: How well are we doing?
Authors: Miranda Jessica L.W. , Wells Jenny C. , Jenkins Amelia
Published: October 2017

A utilization-focused evaluation (Patton, 2008) was conducted to systematically investigate special education teacher candidates’ preparation to teach English language learners (ELLs) with disabilities. The results were used to (1) determine current effectiveness of departmental programs and (2) guide program improvement efforts. The initial literature review on ELLs with disabilities and teacher preparation guided the development of a four element framework to organize and analyse the data and results of the program evaluation. Data were collected using (1) a document review of program materials, (2) a faculty questionnaire, (3) a faculty focus group, and (4) a survey of the teacher candidates’ knowledge and perceptions on their preparedness in this area. Data revealed a scattered and disjointed approach to preparing preservice teachers to teach ELLs with disabilities, leading to a lack of special education teacher candidate’s: (1) mastery of essential content and (2) sense of efficacy in teaching ELLs. This investigation also shed light on the range of faculty perspectives, knowledge, and practices in the preparation of special education teacher candidates to teach ELLs.