bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep-sea fish reveal alternative pathway for vertebrate visual development
Authors: Fogg Lily G. , Isari Stamatina , Barnes Jonathan E. , Patel Jagdish Suresh , Marshall N. Justin , Salzburger Walter , Cortesi Fabio , de Busserolles Fanny
Published: October 2024

Vertebrate vision is accomplished by two phenotypically distinct types of photoreceptors in the retina: the saturation-resistant cones for the detection of bright light and the highly sensitive rods for dim light conditions [1]. The current dogma is that, during development, all vertebrates initially feature a cone-dominated retina, and rods are added later [2, 3]. By studying the ontogeny of vision in three species of deep-sea fishes, we show that their larvae express cone-specific genes in photoreceptors with rod-like morphologies. Through development, these fishes either retain this rod-like cone retina (Maurolicus mucronatus) or switch to a retina with true rod photoreceptors with expression of rod-specific genes and transcription factors (Vinciguerria mabahissandBenthosema pterotum). In contrast to the larvae of most marine fishes, which inhabit the bright upper layer of the open ocean, the larvae of deep-sea fishes occur deeper, exposing them to a dimmer light environment [4–7]. Spectral maxima predictions from molecular dynamics simulations and environmental light estimations suggest that using transmuted photoreceptors that combine the characteristics of both cones and rods maximises visual performance in these dimmer light conditions. Our findings provide molecular, morphological, and functional evidence for the evolution of an alternative developmental pathway for vertebrate vision.
Traveling Wave Amplification in Stationary Gratings
Authors: Horsley S. A. R. , Pendry J. B.
Published: October 2024

We show that a grating amplitude stationary in space but oscillating in time can be modeled as independent gratings traveling in opposite directions, interacting almost exclusively with waves traveling in the same direction. We reproduce the key features of traveling gratings: Amplification, field compression, and photon production are evident when the local wave speed equals the grating velocity. We speculate that these stationary but oscillating gratings may prove easier to realize experimentally than traveling gratings.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Blueprints for success: applying structural equation modeling in dam construction planning
Authors: Amies Pouya , Jin Xiaohua , Senaratne Sepani
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The current research environment lacks a thorough examination of project success in specific domains, particularly in the context of dam project performance. Although there is a significant amount of study and a wide range of project management subjects, there is a clear absence of empirical research on dams. The purpose of this study is to fill in the knowledge gap on how to improve the performance of dam construction projects by focusing on the planning phase.

Design/methodology/approach

The study utilized a survey to gather the perspectives of professionals involved in dam projects regarding critical success factors and success criteria during the project planning phase. The collected data were then analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling.

Findings

Four dimensions were identified for critical success factors: “project team,” “project readiness,” “engagement” and “long-term impact.” For project success criteria, “fulfill identified needs,” “functionality,” “quality performance” and “sustainability” were identified as having significance in measuring project success.

Originality/value

The article provides suggestions on how the dam engineering industry can include the identified project elements that are associated with project success. The study's significance stems from its substantial contribution to the limited literature on dam projects.
The intentionality-based view of users to adopt ChatGPT through the mediating role of attitude toward behavior: practical implication for business
Authors: Teerawongsathorn Jidapa , Gerdsri Nathasit , Wannamakok Wisuwat
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to systematically investigate the factors influencing the adoption and utilization of ChatGPT in the Thai context, using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as a theoretical foundation which bridges the gap between technological innovation and local adoption dynamics, providing critical insights for future technology implementations in similar contexts..

Design/methodology/approach

To validate six hypotheses, this study engages 400 respondents residing in Bangkok. Data were collected through a rigorously designed structured survey and analyzed via descriptive and inferential statistical techniques using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling to validate hypotheses including mediating effect of attitude toward behavior (ATB).

Findings

The findings indicate that all determinants significantly influence the intention to adopt ChatGPT (IAC). Additionally, the ATB plays a pivotal role in mediating the relationship between perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and IAC.

Originality/value

This research shed a new light on emerging trends of Thais’ motivations toward ChatGPT adoption. This may provide an insight into further development and practical implications for businesses.
A study on the temperature rise characteristics of high-speed ball bearings under starvation lubrication
Authors: Jiang Ziyang , Zhang Chang , Ni Wenjun , Li ShuangTian
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to study the problem of starvation lubrication of high-speed ball bearings due to temperature rise during operation and to avoid thermal failure of bearing lubrication.

Design/methodology/approach

Under the quasi-statics model of grease lubrication, both the oil film dragging force and the rolling friction between the balls and raceways collectively counteract the gyroscopic torque. Initially, the static model for grease lubrication is solved, followed by calculating the generated heat using the local heat generation method and ultimately the multinodal thermal network model is solved, and the solved results of the quasi-statics are updated by the temperatures of the grease nodes based on the relationship of the grease temperature and viscosity, as well as the relationship of the viscosity and the film thickness.

Findings

By comparing the numerical calculation results of bearings under different working conditions, the influence of starvation lubrication on the oil film thickness, oil film drag force and rolling friction of bearings is discussed, and it is found that the numerical calculation results of the outer ring temperature of bearings under the starvation lubrication due to the consideration of temperature rise are closer to the experimental values.

Originality/value

This study reveals the dynamic characteristics of bearings under starvation lubrication, which is more practical and engineering guiding significance for the design of bearings, and introduces a new method and basis for the calculation of temperature rise of rolling bearings.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-06-2024-0208/
Gender dynamics in palm oil value chain: the role of corporate social responsibility in Nigeria’s Niger Delta
Authors: Uduji Joseph Ikechukwu , Okolo-Obasi Nduka Vitalis Elda , Uduji Joy Ukamaka
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the multinational oil companies’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives in Nigeria. Its special focus is to investigate the impact of the global memorandum of understanding (GMoU) on gender in the facets of palm oil value chain in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper adopts an explanatory research design using both descriptive and inferential statistics to answer the four research questions. We generated cross-sectional primary data from a sample of 1,200 women selected from the nine states of Niger Delta region using multiple sampling techniques.

Findings

Results from the estimation of a logit model and use of propensity score matching to determine the mean difference between variables in the treatment and control show that significant efforts have been made by the MOCs through their CSR in the areas that will help the women compete favourably in the oil palm value chain.

Research limitations/implications

This study implies that MOCs’ CSR interventions that enhanced women acquisition of improved mechanized meals, accompanied by awareness creation and demonstration of value of improved processing technologies and practices to female processors, will lift many women out of poverty in the Niger Delta.

Social implications

This implies that fostering gender access to credit through GMoU interventions will improve extraction efficiency of female primary processors and enhance linkages between women producers/processors and large mills in palm oil value chain deliveries in the Niger Delta.

Originality/value

This research contributes to gender debate in the agricultural value chain from a CSR perspective in developing countries and rationale for demand for social projects by host communities. It concludes that business has an obligation to help in solving problems of public concern.
Defining Newtown user satisfaction in a shopping mall
Authors: Adewunmi Yewande Adetoro , Ramushu Boitumelo , Nelson Margaret
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the user satisfaction dimensions at the Newtown Junction shopping mall to improve its performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Users of the Newtown Junction shopping mall were surveyed and the results were analysed using mean scores, principal components and regression analysis.

Findings

The study identified user satisfaction dimensions as “facilities management”, “design using Newtown principles”, “cultural transmission”, “utility functionality”, “accessibility”, “human factors” and “hotel access”. The dimensions extracted using principal component analysis were better predictors of performance than those of the literature.

Research limitations/implications

The study sample is from the Newtown Junction Mall in the Newtown precinct, Johannesburg, South Africa. The results may not be generalisable to all Newtown shopping malls.

Practical implications

The results will be useful for improving the marketing and operations of shopping malls in similar Newtown in South Africa. A Newtown shopping mall is more attractive to users who want to learn about African culture actively. In addition, the mall’s design and access to other parts of its mixed-used development, which are major complementary places of interest in the precinct, make it attractive to shoppers and tourists.

Originality/value

There are limited studies defining Newtown dimensions in a shopping mall.
Unveiling how consumers accept digital-only fashion: an empirical examination building upon the functional theory of attitudes
Authors: Zhang Yanbo , Liu Chuanlan
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Digital-only fashion represents an ideal fusion of sustainability and fashionability, garnering growing interest among fashion professionals. However, there is a noticeable gap in research focusing on digital-only fashion acceptance among consumers. Hence, this study aims to empirically examine consumers’ motivations, evaluations and acceptance of digital-only fashion based on the Functional Theory of Attitudes.

Design/methodology/approach

A US-based research agency was hired to collect data, resulting in 247 completed survey responses. Data analysis was conducted using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach.

Findings

Testing results highlight that consumer acceptance of digital-only fashion is directly influenced by both overall attitude and self-expressive attitude. Self-expression is particularly pivotal in digital-only fashion acceptance. Adorning avatars and dressing realistic on-screen bodies are distinct yet complementary aspects of using digital-only fashion. Consumers with positive environmental beliefs about digital-only fashion are concerned about how well digital-only fashion items allow them to express such beliefs.

Originality/value

This study innovatively applied the functional theory of attitudes to the emerging domain of digital-only fashion and identified consumers’ four functional attitudes toward digital-only fashion, along with the underlying motivations served by each functional attitude. Furthermore, this study provides valuable practical insights across the digital-only fashion value chain.
Peers, Parents and Families as agents of influence on adolescents’ perspectives towards people with Mental Health Problems: Mental Health Professionals’ Views
Authors: A.S. Manjari , N.T. Sudhesh
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This study aims to explore mental health professionals’ views on adolescent attitudes towards their peers with mental health problems and the influence of parental, familial and societal environments on these attitudes.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative research design was used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seventeen mental health professionals in Bangalore, India, with at least two years of experience working with adolescents. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the interview data.

Findings

Mental health professionals reported diverse adolescent attitudes towards peers with mental health issues, ranging from support to bullying and exclusion. Family dynamics, peer influence and societal stigma were identified as significant factors shaping these attitudes.

Research limitations/implications

The remote interviews during the pandemic limited access to non-verbal cues and work settings. The study focused on professionals' views from Bangalore, not capturing the diverse needs of adolescents across India. Additionally, practitioners from urban settings might not represent the challenges of their rural counterparts. The high concentration of female participants hinders generalisability. Variable interview lengths and participant openness might introduce bias, likely influenced by experience and views on mental health awareness.

Practical implications

The findings underscore that adolescents' views on peer mental health are crucial for mental health professionals to design targeted interventions and support systems. Implementing programs that raise mental health awareness and reduce stigma can benefit schools and communities.

Social implications

This study highlights the necessity of a holistic strategy to tackle adolescent mental health. Creating supportive peer environments, encouraging open family communication, and combating societal stigma can foster a more inclusive and mentally healthy society for adolescents.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the growing body of research on adolescent mental health by providing insights into professionals’ views of peer attitudes. It highlights the need for interventions addressing family stigma, promoting open communication and using social media for awareness.
ID3-driven insights: the proactive prosumer’s role in technological innovation
Authors: Abdelaziz Mahmoud Abdelaziz Ahmed , Ghonim Mohamed Ahmed , Wu Jiani , Almandooh Ahmed Masoud Ahmed
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The study aims to reveal the relative importance of each characteristic of a proactive prosumer and determine the role of each characteristic in improving technological innovation.

Design/methodology/approach

Our data were collected via emails using a final sample of 280 technical managers from Egypt’s information technology (IT) firms who have some software development expertise. The data were analyzed using the iterative dichotomiser 3 (ID3) algorithm.

Findings

The results indicate that proactive prosumer characteristics (initiative and creativity) positively affect technological innovation. Furthermore, there is no technological innovation without initiative.

Research limitations/implications

This study uses ID3 decision tree analysis to analyze the role of proactive prosumers in technological innovation. It greatly advances the area by addressing the need for quantitative studies in administrative sciences. The study highlights initiative and creativity as essential innovation drivers, contributing to consumer and prosumption theories and the changing consumer-firm connection. The ID3 algorithm distinguishes the study from earlier statistical studies. The study’s limitations advise increasing prosumer literature, studying psychological aspects and comparing cultures. Use various algorithms and moderator and mediator factors to improve methodology. Technical managers' opinions must also be understood.

Originality/value

This research contributes to the existing knowledge base by examining the intricate relationship between proactive prosumers and technological innovation. It offers a novel approach by employing the ID3 decision tree algorithm within the administrative sciences, a domain that needs to be explored in prosumer research. By bridging the methodological gap, this study addresses the need for more quantitative investigations into prosumers in the management field. Furthermore, it pioneers the application of artificial intelligence techniques to analyze the prosumer phenomenon quantitatively. The paper concludes by outlining potential avenues for future research.
Student leadership initiative
Authors: Riley Steven
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates the motivations and strategies employed in the establishment of a comprehensive ‘Student Leadership’ initiative within a large secondary school situated in Bradford. The central focus lies in the integration of ‘Student Voice’ throughout the institution. The paper explores the structural elements of the ‘Student Council’ and explains the implementation of its associated systems. Furthermore, an analysis of the initiative's prospective benefits is offered. With a view towards continuous refinement, the paper concludes with a discussion of potential advancements and enhancements to maintain the programme's relevance, effectiveness and long‐term success.
Financial burden of care greatest among rural beneficiaries in Medicare advantage
Authors: Park Sungchul , Meyers David J. , Park Yubin , Trivedi Amal N.
Published: October 2024

Objective

To examine differences in access to care and financial burden between Traditional Medicare (TM) and Medicare Advantage (MA) beneficiaries in rural and urban areas and then explore whether there were potential differences in MA benefits between urban and rural areas.

Study Setting and Design

We conducted a cross‐sectional study within the Medicare setting in the United States.

Data Sources and Analytical Sample

Data from three distinct sources for 2017–2021: the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey, the MA landscape data, and the Plan Benefit Package data. Our sample comprised 43,343 Medicare beneficiary‐years, including TM and MA beneficiaries in urban and rural areas.

Principal Findings

Our adjusted analysis showed that rural MA beneficiaries experienced higher rates of delayed care due to costs (10.0% [95% confidence interval (CI): 8.8–11.1]) compared with rural TM (9.5% [8.8–10.2]), urban MA (7.9% [7.4–8.4]), and urban TM (7.9% [7.5–8.2]) beneficiaries. Similarly, rural MA beneficiaries (11.4% [95% CI: 10.3–12.5]) reported more difficulty paying medical bills compared with rural TM (9.4% [8.7–10.1]), urban MA (8.1% [7.7–8.6]), and urban TM (7.8% [7.5–8.2]) beneficiaries. This disparity was associated with less generous financial structures in rural MA plans. Compared to urban MA plans, rural MA plans offered lower out‐of‐pocket maximums for in‐network care ($5918 vs. $5439), but required higher copayments ($1686 vs. $1724 for a 5‐day hospitalization, $37 vs. $41 for a specialist visit, and $35 vs. $38 for a mental health visit). However, differences in quality of care and provision of supplemental benefits were small.

Conclusion

Rural Medicare beneficiaries reported a greater financial burden of care than urban Medicare beneficiaries, but the most significant burden was observed among MA beneficiaries in rural areas. One possible mechanism could be the less generous financial structures offered by rural MA plans. These findings suggest the need for policies addressing the affordability of care for rural MA beneficiaries.
Impacts of ICT diffusion, foreign direct investment, trade openness, and globalization on growth in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Onuogu Ijeoma Christina , Hassan Abubakar , Akadiri Seyi Saint , Bello Abdulwahab Ahmad , Riti Joshua Sunday
Published: October 2024

Over the past three decades, there has been a significant increase in information and communication technology (ICT) investments around the world, resulting in a rise in the use of modern ICT packages. Sub‐Saharan African (SSA) countries, however, face different challenges. This study examines the relationship between ICT diffusion, foreign direct investment (FDI), trade openness, and economic globalization on inclusive growth for 48 SSA countries during 2005–2020. We use the modified generalized method of moments method for estimation. Empirical results reveal that ICT has a positive and significant influence on inclusive growth, while trade and economic globalization have a negative impact. FDI, on the other hand, has a favorable and considerable effect on inclusive growth. Inflation and vulnerable employment have negative impacts on inclusive growth, whereas social protection has a positive impact. From a policy standpoint, it is recommended that policymakers focus on enhancing ICT penetration in the region, particularly integrating ICT into the educational system to improve learning effectiveness and reduce research costs. Additionally, the interaction between economic globalization and ICT diffusion can enhance inclusive growth. Therefore, macroeconomic policies should promote ICT development, implement sound trade agreements, and attract capital inflows for inclusive economic growth. ICT diffusion is deemed both necessary and sufficient for SSA's advancement.
Study on the feasibility of using livestock blood as a fetal bovine serum substitute for cultured meat
Authors: Lee Da Young , Lee Seung Yun , Yun Seung Hyeon , Choi Yeongwoo , Han Dahee , Park Jinmo , Kim Jin Soo , Mariano Ermie , Lee Juhyun , Choi Jung Seok , Kim Gap‐Don , Choi Inho , Joo Seon‐Tea , Hur Sun Jin
Published: October 2024

Fetal bovine serum (FBS) accounts for the largest portion of the cost of cultured meat production or cell culture experiments and is highly controversial in terms of animal welfare because it is taken from the fetus of a pregnant cow during slaughtering. Nevertheless, FBS is the most important supplement in the cell culture manufacturing process. This study aimed to develop an FBS substitute from slaughterhouse waste blood to reduce the cost of FBS in cultured meat production through various experiments. Our study successfully demonstrated that adult livestock blood obtained from slaughterhouses can effectively replace FBS. Our substitute, when cultured with bovine myosatellite cells, demonstrated cell growth that was either equivalent to or superior to that of commercial FBS. In the process of muscle generation through differentiation, the substitutes from bovine and chicken formed 70%–75% more bovine muscle compared to the control group using FBS. Furthermore, using the FBS substitute can reduce cell culture costs by approximately 61% compared to using commercial FBS. Therefore, the groundbreaking FBS substitute will not only contribute to the development of technology to mass‐produce cultured meat using livestock byproducts but will also lower the production cost of media for experimental cell culture or vaccine production.
Sustainable Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) development of China and ASEAN in a volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) world
Authors: Ang Hak Seng
Published: October 2024

A volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous (VUCA) world presents both challenges and opportunities. One good example is the increased focus on Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG), which can be viewed as a barrier for growth or as a competitive advantage for countries. For countries to view ESG as a competitive advantage, there are three key opportunities to tap on. First, nations could collaborate on ESG technology, specifically on the development, deployment or building of ESG technological infrastructure. Second, nations could share best practices regarding their solutions to social issues such as social mobility. Third, nations could collaborate to harmonise ESG standards to promote trade between countries.
The Belt and Road Initiative, outward foreign direct investment and total factor productivity—Evidence from China
Authors: Zhang Yue , Ji Fei
Published: October 2024

This article takes the proposal of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in 2013 as a quasinatural experiment, uses the difference‐in‐difference model and data on China's listed companies from 2010 to 2021 to examine the relationship between outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) and total factor productivity in the micro level. The empirical results show that after the BRI is put forward, enterprise investments in countries along the Belt and Road have a reverse ‘productivity effect’ at first, with the implication of being the strongest in 2015 but are no longer significant by 2017; furthermore, the BRI has a significant positive effect on the total factor productivity of enterprises in 2021. Potential irrational investments and low investment efficiency can better explain this phenomenon, as investment efficiency declined at the beginning of the BRI but steadily increased after 2019, which is consistent with the negative to positive ‘productivity effect’. Extended analysis and robustness tests support the above conclusions.
Mechanisms of erectile dysfunction induced by aging: A comprehensive review
Authors: Zhuang Baojun , Zhuang Chenglin , Jiang Yongze , Zhang Jingyi , Zhang Yandong , Zhang Peihai , Yu Xujun , Xu Suyun
Published: October 2024

Background

With the increasing trend ofpopulation aging, erectile dysfunction (ED) among elderly men has emerged as apressing health concern. Despite extensive research on the relationship betweenED and aging, ongoing discoveries and evidence continue to arise.

Objective

Through this comprehensiveanalysis, we aim to provide a more nuanced theoretical framework for thedevelopment of preventive and therapeutic strategies for senile ED, ultimatelyenhancing the quality of life for elderly men.

Methods

This review delves deeper into thecore mechanisms underlying ED in the context of aging and offers acomprehensive overview of published meta‐analyses and systematic reviewspertinent to these conditions.

Results and conclusion

Our findings revealthat local structural damage to the penis, vascular dysfunction, neuronalinjury, hormonal alterations, other physiological changes, and psychologicalbarriers all play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of aging‐related ED.Furthermore, more than 20 diseases closely associated with aging have beenimplicated in the occurrence of ED, further compounding the complexity of thisissue.
Comprehensive population pharmacokinetic modelling of sugemalimab, an anti‐programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) human monoclonal antibody, in patients with solid tumours or lymphomas across multiple Phase I–III studies
Authors: Wang Kun , Pan Chaohsuan , Xu Fengyan , Tse Archie N. , Sheng Yucheng
Published: October 2024

Aims

The aim of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetics model for sugemalimab, a monoclonal antibody that targets programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1), using data from Phase I–III trials and to assess clinical factors affecting sugemalimab exposure.

Methods

A nonlinear mixed‐effect modelling approach was employed to analyse pooled data from nine studies involving 1628 subjects to characterize the PopPK of sugemalimab. This investigation examined the influence of various covariates on sugemalimab pharmacokinetics (PK), encompassing demographics, baseline hepatic and renal function‐related covariates, and others (including anti‐drug antibody [ADA], combination treatment, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG] performance score, tumour burden and tumour type). Estimation accuracy and predictive ability of the final model were evaluated using various methods. The influence of covariates on sugemalimab exposure was assessed by simulation from the final model.

Results

A two‐compartment model with first‐order elimination and time‐varying clearance effectively described the PK of sugemalimab. Covariate analyses revealed significant relationships between sugemalimab clearance and body weight, albumin, gender, ADA, tumour burden and tumour type. The statistically significant covariates on central volume were body weight, albumin, gender and tumour type. No significant relationships were found in the final model for age, race, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, combination treatment, creatinine clearance, ECOG, renal function or hepatic function. All significant covariates demonstrated less than a 20% effect on sugemalimab exposure.

Conclusions

The PopPK model adequately described the pharmacokinetic profile of sugemalimab with no clinically meaningful impact observed on its exposure across all covariates. Dose adjustment does not appear to be necessary.
Clinical research for saliva‐based therapeutic drug monitoring of linezolid
Authors: Inoue Yuki , Kashiwagi Hitoshi , Sato Yuki , Nashimoto Shunsuke , Endo Tsutomu , Takahata Masahiko , Komatsu Miki , Sugawara Mitsuru , Takekuma Yoh
Published: October 2024

Aims

Linezolid is primarily used to treat of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis infections. Thrombocytopenia due to linezolid usage is a concern, and therapeutic drug monitoring has been reported to be effective in its prevention. Plasma concentrations provide valuable information for treatment decisions; however, collecting plasma samples can be burdensome for both patients and healthcare providers. Therefore, there is interest in saliva as an alternative for monitoring, considering its potential to replace plasma samples.

Methods

Patients hospitalized at Hokkaido University Hospital and Hokkaido Spinal Cord Injury Center between April 2022 and July 2024, who received oral or intravenous linezolid treatment, were enrolled. The concentrations of linezolid were simultaneously measured in plasma and saliva samples. We determined the concentration profiles of linezolid in the saliva and examined the correlation between saliva and plasma linezolid concentrations.

Results

Eighteen patients receiving linezolid were enrolled. The average of saliva/plasma (S/P) concentration ratios of linezolid were 1.018. A strong correlation was found between the salivary and plasma concentrations of linezolid (R = .833, P < .001). Notably, in patients receiving intravenous administration of linezolid, the correlation was even more pronounced (R = .885, P < .001). Additionally, when focusing on the S/P ratio of the trough concentrations in the morning and at night, the S/P ratios at night were much closer to 1.0.

Conclusion

The concentrations of linezolid in plasma and saliva were similar, indicating their potential applicability in clinical settings. The monitoring of linezolid concentrations in saliva has been shown to be particularly suitable for patients receiving intravenous administration.
Improving CYP2C19 phenotyping using stereoselective omeprazole and 5‐hydroxy‐omeprazole metabolic ratios
Authors: Abouir Kenza , Varesio Emmanuel , Déglon Julien , Samer Caroline , Daali Youssef
Published: October 2024

Omeprazole (OME) is a CYP2C19 phenotyping probe, marketed as a racemic (S)/(R) mixture or as an S‐enantiomer. Both CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 enzymes mediate (R)‐OME hydroxylation to (R)‐5‐hydroxyomeprazole, while (S)‐OME is exclusively hydroxylated via CYP2C19. This study investigates OME and its 5‐hydroxymetabolite enantiomers' pharmacokinetics using data from two studies involving healthy volunteers. In Study A, volunteers received OME alone in Session 1, OME combined with voriconazole and fluvoxamine in Session 2 and finally OME with rifampicin in Session 3. In Study B, volunteers received OME alone in Session 1, OME combined with voriconazole in Session 2 and finally OME with fluvoxamine in Session 3. Despite low metabolic ratio values of (S)‐OME, detectable modulation of CYP2C19 activity suggests both (R)‐ and (S)‐OME isomers could effectively assess CYP2C19 activity. Further research is needed for precise cut‐offs in different phenotype groups.
Quantitative Analysis of Myocardial Work in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Using Noninvasive Left Ventricular Pressure‐Strain Loop Measurement
Authors: Zhang Jiaqi , Chang Caihong , Yu Changxiu , Peng Yao , Feng Wei , Song Juan , Wu Ji
Published: October 2024

Background

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) poses a risk for cardiovascular damage during pregnancy. This study focused on evaluating changes in left ventricular myocardial performance in GDM patients using the left ventricular pressure‐strain loop (LV‐PSL) method and examining risk factors associated with reduced myocardial function.

Methods

A prospective, randomized study involving 112 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM was conducted from June 2021 to June 2024. Additionally, 84 healthy pregnant women from the same period served as the control group. Utilizing both conventional echocardiography and two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography, left ventricular myocardial work metrics were assessed using LV‐PSL technology.

Results

GDM patients demonstrated significantly reduced values for global longitudinal strain (GLS), global work index (GWI), global work efficiency (GWE), and global constructive work (GCW) (p < 0.05), while conventional ultrasound measures showed no significant difference between GDM and control groups. GWI, GWE, GCW, and GLS had high predictive value for cardiac function changes in GDM patients, with GWE showing the highest predictive value {Area under curve (AUC) = 0.866, cutoff value = 95.5%, specificity = 0.77, sensitivity = 0.87}. GWI, GWE, and GCW were negatively correlated with GLS (r = −0.532, −0.411, −0.425, all p < 0.001), whereas global wasted work (GWW) showed a positive correlation with GLS (r = 0.325 and p < 0.001). These parameters were also correlated with HbA1c levels (r = −0.316, −0.256, −0.260, all p < 0.001 for negative correlations, and r = 0.172, p < 0.05 for positive correlations). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that 1‐h OGTT (mmol/L), 2‐h OGTT (mmol/L), and HbA1c (%) were significant predictors of left ventricular systolic function (GWE) in GDM patients.

Conclusions

LV‐PSL is an effective tool for early detection of left ventricular systolic function impairment in GDM patients.
Emotion regulation as affective neoliberal governmentality
Authors: Smoliak Olga , Rice Carla , Rudder Deanna , Tseliou Eleftheria , LaMarre Andrea , LeCouteur Amanda , Gaete Joaquin , Davies Adam , Henshaw Sarah
Published: October 2024

Emotion regulation is central in many therapy models, including couple and family therapy models. This article draws on poststructuralist governmentality studies and processual affect theory to offer insight into how the therapeutic concept of emotion regulation may reflect and support neoliberal affective forms of self‐governance. We suggest that couple and family therapy—through using professional discourses and affect‐oriented techniques or interventions—may be another site wherein neoliberal governmentality is implemented and extended in contemporary westernized neoliberalized societies. In facilitating emotion regulation, we argue that there is a risk that therapists may implicitly promote a neoliberal worldview that encourages clients to mobilize neoliberal techniques to become self‐improving, entrepreneurial subjects, responsible for their happiness and well‐being. Conditions of precarity associated with individualist, neoliberal capitalist ideologies and policies (e.g., unemployment, job insecurity, forced migration, wealth inequalities, mass incarceration, social isolation) generate emotional burdens for people to manage that professional techniques or interventions may normalize as clients' self‐management tasks. We theorize emotion regulation as an affective governmentality tactic of power and suggest that couple and family therapy can offer points of resistance to individualization and responsibilization and opportunities for creating or affirming alternative subjectivities and affectivities.
Analysis of Environmental Projects Financed by Fisheries Local Action Groups (FLAGs) in Spain During the Period of the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF)
Authors: Miret‐Pastor Lluís , Herrera‐Racionero Paloma , Ortuño Miriam , Molina‐García Agustín
Published: October 2024

Hundreds of Fisheries Local Action Groups (FLAGs) have emerged along the European Union coast trying to dynamize fisheries‐dependent areas through an approach based on community‐led local development (CLLD) strategies. In this research, we characterized and analyzed environmental projects funded by the FLAGs through the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund in Spain from 2014 to 2020. The Spanish Network of Fisheries Groups database allowed us to locate projects defined as environmental, which were then classified into six areas and different project typologies. Most projects were categorized by FLAGs as environmental but were really linked to tourism development. Moreover, true environmental projects were substantially lower in total cost than statistics showed. These conclusions should lead to a reflection on the role that FLAGs and European fisheries funds should play in environmental care of European coasts.
“Those feminists haven't come to us, they don't know our reality”: Indian sex workers' narratives of love and power
Authors: Cornwall Andrea , Majumdar Sutapa
Published: October 2024

Based on a collaborative project with the Sex Workers' Freedom from Injustice Collective (Veshya Anyay Mukti Parishad, otherwise known as “VAMP”) in Maharashtra, India, this article explores sex workers’ narratives on love, life, power and freedom. Sex workers’ own accounts of the joys and difficulties they face in their intimate lives, in and outside work, we suggest here, offer important insights into the way in which they navigate patriarchy and throw fresh light on the questions of power and choice that have been so much at the heart of the sex work/prostitution debate.
Determinants of Peer Review Acceptance: Motivational Insights From German Academia
Authors: Lauer Sabine , Wilkesmann Uwe
Published: October 2024

This article examines how motivation affects peer review acceptance of journal manuscripts among German professors of biology, business administration, mechanical engineering, and sociology. Data collected via an online survey (March–May 2022) tested hypotheses based on self‐determination theory. The results show significant discipline‐specific differences. In the soft disciplines, intrinsic motivation, own manuscript submissions (reciprocity), and external motivation positively influenced peer review acceptance, while the motive to discover something new had a negative effect. In the hard disciplines, only sense of obligation to the scientific community was significant. Staff support positively influenced peer review acceptance in soft disciplines. The control variables revealed that the total number of peer review requests was positively related to acceptance. However, age, gender, departmental budget linked to publications, and academic discipline were not significant factors. These findings deepen our understanding of motivational factors in peer review and highlight important disciplinary differences.
Reliability of the risk of bias assessment in randomized controlled trials for nursing: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Yao Yi , Li Nian , Li Jieling , Feng Jia , Ma Jingxin , Liao Xiaoyang , Zhang Yonggang
Published: October 2024

Aim

To evaluate the percentage and reasons for disagreements in the risk of bias (RoB) assessments for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) included in more than one Cochrane review in the field of nursing.

Background

Disagreement in RoB assessments reduces the credibility of the evidence summarized by systematic reviews (SRs). There is no study that evaluates the reliability of RoB assessments in nursing studies.

Design

Secondary data analysis based on research reports.

Methods

RCTs included in more than one review in the nursing have been included. The disagreement of the assessment was analysed, and the possible reasons for disagreements were investigated.

Results

Twenty‐three RCTs were included in more than one review. The agreement of assessment ranged from 36.84% for “selective reporting” to 91.30% for “random sequence generation”. “Allocation concealment” showed the optimal agreement (84.21%). The items “blinding of participants and personnel”, “blinding of outcome assessment” and “incomplete outcome data” showed poor agreement, with 50.00%, 58.82% and 66.67%, respectively. Most disagreements came from extracting incomplete or different RCTs' information.

Conclusions

The level of agreement of the assessment between reviews has varied greatly in the field of nursing. More complete and accurate information of RCTs needs to be collected when conducting a SR.
Advanced Monte Carlo method for simulating glass alteration: Application to aluminoborosilicate glasses
Authors: Delaye Jean‐Marc , Tiwari Sumit , Brun Emeric , Fossati Paul C. M. , Gin Stéphane
Published: October 2024

Understanding the alteration mechanisms of nuclear glasses is paramount for safety assessment of deep geological disposal of nuclear waste. This endeavor poses significant challenges due to the experimental limitations in observing atomic‐scale mechanisms, which are essential for developing macroscopic alteration models. Consequently, a novel Monte Carlo approach has been developed to simulate the alteration process of simplified nuclear glasses at the atomic level. This approach employs a dual lattice to represent both the solid material and the solution, thereby facilitating the incorporation of diffusion and hydrolysis–recondensation mechanisms. Preliminary findings underscore the critical influence of alteration conditions on glass behavior and elucidate the interplay between rate of hydrolysis at the gel–solution interface and the morphology of the outer layer formed within the gel. Intense hydrolysis promotes the formation of a porous, low‐density layer, whereas slower hydrolysis fosters the development of a dense, cross‐linked layer.
High‐entropy ceramics with excellent energy storage performance via screening sintering aids
Authors: Ning Yating , Pu Yongping , Chen Zhemin , Sun Zixiong , Wu Chunhui , Lu Xiang , Shang Jing , Zhang Lei , Wang Bo , Li Xin
Published: October 2024

High‐entropy perovskite ceramics have garnered widespread attention in the energy storage field due to their diversified composition and superior performance. However, the preparation of high‐performance high‐entropy ceramic materials still faces many challenges due to their complex composition and structure. This work systematically studies the effects of MgO, SiO2, Li2CO3, and MnCO3 on the sintering temperature and energy storage performance of (Na0.2Bi0.2Ba0.2Sr0.2Ca0.2)TiO3 (NBBSCT) high‐entropy ceramics. The introduction of MnCO3 successfully reduced the sintering temperature of the high‐entropy ceramics to 1150°C and achieved a high energy storage efficiency of 95.5% with this composition. The NBBSCT ceramics with 0.5 wt%MgO exhibited a breakdown field of 300 kV/cm and an energy storage density of 3.7 J/cm3. The study indicates that adding appropriate sintering aids can significantly improve the sintering behavior and energy storage performance of high‐entropy ceramics. This method provides new insights into the preparation and performance enhancement of high‐entropy energy storage ceramics.
Pulsed Light Decontamination of Red Chilies (Capsicum annuum var. longum)
Authors: Pravallika Kosana , Chakraborty Snehasis
Published: October 2024

The impact of pulsed light treatment (PLT) on natural microbiota and inoculated microbes such as Salmonella Typhimurium, Bacillus cereus, and Aspergillus flavus on red chilies was investigated. Sequential drying did not completely inactivate the aerobic mesophiles and yeast and mold count. Hence, PLT (0.53–2.59 J cm−2) was employed as a decontamination technology on red chilies. PLT resulted in 8 log reduction of inoculated microorganisms on chilies at 2.59 J cm−2. The microbial inactivation kinetics followed Weibull distribution (R2 > 0.97) with β value of 1.1, 1.2, and 1.5 for S. Typhimurium, B. cereus, and A. flavus, respectively. Changes in structure and composition of cell components were identified by SEM and FTIR analysis. After PLT, phenolics, antioxidants, flavonoids, and capsaicinoids were better retained but a significant change in ascorbic acid and carotenoid's content was observed. Hence, PL can be a potential technology for decontamination of fresh and dried chilies along with maximum retention of bioactives.
Pyridoxal‐5′‐phosphate: A cost‐effective treatment candidate for hypertensive patients?
Authors: Lellig Michaela , Rodríguez Mariano , López‐Baltanás Rodrigo , Hermann Juliane , Wollenhaupt Julia , Noels Heidi , Zidek Walter , Tepel Martin , Mahfoud Felix , Jankowski Joachim , Muñoz‐Castañeda Juan R. , Jankowski Vera
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Because angiotensin (Ang) II is an essential vasoconstrictive peptide, we analyzed the impact of its post‐translational modification to pyruvamide–Ang II (Ang P) by pyridoxal‐5′‐phosphate (PLP) on blood pressure. PLP is a less expensive vitamin B6 derivative and, therefore, could be a cost‐effective drug against hypertension.

Methods

Effect of Ang P on calcium ion entry into vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) was analyzed. Binding affinity of Ang P to angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) was measured. Vasoconstrictive effect of Ang P was investigated using the bioassay of isolated perfused rat kidneys. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were administered PLP. Additionally, Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) received Ang II and PLP. Blood pressure was measured time‐dependently.

Results

Ang II, incubated with PLP, was post‐translationally modified to Ang P. Calcium ion entry in VSMCs was significantly lower with Ang P compared to Ang II. Binding affinity of Ang P to AT1R was lower compared to Ang II. Perfusion pressure of isolated perfused rat kidneys increased less by Ang P than by Ang II. Blood pressure of SHR treated with PLP decreased significantly. Blood pressure of WKY rats treated with Ang II was increased to hypertensive values, whereas blood pressure of WKY rats cotreated with Ang II and PLP was not.

Conclusion

PLP induces a post‐translational modification of Ang II decreasing blood pressure in rats. Assuming that increased PLP intake in the form of vitamin B6 might reduce blood pressure in hypertensive patients, PLP might be a cost‐effective drug against hypertension.