bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diet of sympatric Barn Owls Tyto alba and Short-eared Owls Asio flammeus in an agricultural landscape in south-east Spain
Authors: Jiménez-Nájar Pablo , Garrido-Bautista Jorge , Tarifa Rubén , Rivas José Manuel , Moreno-Rueda Gregorio
Published: December 2021

The diets of the Barn Owl Tyto alba and the Short-eared Owl Asio flammeus have been extensively studied worldwide over the past few years, especially on the Iberian Peninsula. Nevertheless, very few studies have examined the diets and the trophic niche overlap in areas where these two raptor species occur in sympatry. As such, in this study we compared the diets of the Barn Owl and the Short-eared Owl inhabiting agricultural landscapes of the Vega de Granada, south-east Spain, based on pellet analysis. The diets were very similar, as both owls preyed mainly on small mammals, the Algerian Mouse Mus spretus being the prey most commonly found in pellets from both species. Although the diet of the Barn Owl was more diverse than that of the Short-eared Owl, the food niche overlap was very high, thus indicating a low interspecific trophic segregation. Despite the similarities between both diets, the frequency of the Mediterranean Pine Vole Microtus duodecimcostatus was much higher in pellets from the Barn Owl, thus suggesting that the Barn Owl may exert pest control in years when the Mediterranean Pine Vole occurs in high numbers.
“Para que non finque de cosa d’ellos memoria alguna”: información, práctica administrativa y contractualismo en el cobro de albaquías durante el reinado de Enrique III de Castilla (1398-1404)
Authors: Ortego Rico Pablo
Published: December 2021

El trabajo aborda la gran operación de regularización hacendística y fiscal, mediante auditoría contable, ordenada en la Corona de Castilla por Enrique III a fines del siglo XIV, desconocida hasta el momento. Este procedimiento, desarrollado entre 1398 y 1404, implicó subrogar mediante arrendamiento en siete agentes privados la auditoría de las deudas con el rey, o albaquías, que acumularon entre 1371 y 1394 particulares e instituciones que habían gestionado dinero del monarca (tesoreros, recaudadores, arrendadores, concejos, nobles, oficiales reales). Su interés reside en que permite comprobar toda una diversidad de procesos convergentes en una medida considerada como parte de los instrumentos de centralización política de la monarquía castellana empleados por Enrique III: mecanismos de control de la información; procedimientos administrativos; creación de un ámbito jurisdicional propio para los procesos de auditoría contable; fórmulas contractuales y garantías jurídicas concedidas a las partes, entre ellas el recurso a la destrucción documental como elemento contractual que contribuye a explicar la ausencia de documentación contable sobre la hacienda regia para este período.
Predicting Chronic Kidney Disease Using KNN Algorithm
Authors: V Mareeswari  , Sunita Chalageri  , Kavita K Patil
Published: December 2021

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a world heath issues, and that also includes damages and can’t filter blood the way it should be. since we cannot predict the early stages of CKD, patience will fail to recognise the disease. Pre detection of CKD will allow patience to get timely facility to ameliorate the progress of the disease. Machine learning models will effectively aid clinician’s progress this goal because of the early and accurate recognition performances. The CKD data set is collected from the University of California Irvine (UCI) Machine Learning Recognition. Multiple Machine and deep learning algorithm used to predict the chronic kidney disease.
"A vida é tão rara": a visibilidade da ciência e da saúde nas telas do Jornal Nacional na pandemia da Covid-19
Authors: Martins Simone Teixeira , Pereira Gustavo Teixeira de Faria , Filho José Tarcísio Oliveira
Published: December 2021

A articulação entre telejornalismo e ciência é o foco da pesquisa que se propõe a analisar as estratégias discursivas do Jornal Nacional na edição em que o Brasil marcou um ano desde o registro oficial do primeiro caso de Covid-19. Para isso, recorremos às teorias ligadas ao jornalismo audiovisual, desinformação, comunicação e saúde e enunciação didática, cujas reflexões fundamentam a elaboração dos dois operadores analíticos da Análise da Materialidade Audiovisual de Coutinho (2016): 1) de que forma o telejornalismo produzido pelo JN consegue (ou não) comprovar a eficácia das pesquisas no combate à pandemia; 2) quais as estratégias utilizadas pelo Jornal Nacional para o combate às fake news e à divulgação da ciência. A pesquisa indica que o noticiário tem adotado uma linguagem didática no sentido de reforçar as orientações das instituições científicas e seus agentes acerca do combate à pandemia.
O Bom professor universitário de Ciências Biológicas sob a ótica de seus alunos: um apoio quantitativo
Authors: Dutra Leandro Barreto , Martines Elizabeth Antonia Leonel de Moraes
Published: December 2021

No Brasil, professores de alta qualidade são comumente denominados bons professores e sua composição é marcada pelo contexto sócio-histórico-cultural, portanto, modifica-se. O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar as características de um bom professor universitário para sessenta alunos de Licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa a partir da aplicação de um questionário em escala Likert. Para análise utilizou-se o cálculo do Ranking Médio. Os resultados indicaram alto grau de concordância com: saber transmitir o conteúdo (4,9); dominar o conteúdo (4,7); contextualizar as aulas (4,7); aprender com seus alunos (4,6); desenvolver autonomia (4,6); relacionar-se bem com seus alunos (4,5); incentivar a pesquisa (4,5) e ser exemplo (4,3). Não concordaram e nem discordaram quanto a abrir exceções (3) e discordaram sobre reprovar muitos alunos (1,7) e não reprovar os alunos (1,5). O pensamento do complexo de Edgar Morin serviu de base para compreensão dos resultados. Considerou-se importante repensar a formação dos formadores de professores de tal modo que se possibilite uma reforma no modo do pensamento e da universidade dirigindo-se a caminho do pensar no contexto e no complexo aproximando-se assim do modelo do bom professor exposto pelos estudantes.
Ressignificando a prática pedagógica e concepções docentes acerca do diálogo entre saberes para o ensino de Ciências
Authors: Barbosa Gessikelli Silva , Silva Joaklebio Alves da , Ramos Marcelo Alves
Published: December 2021

Este estudo, de abordagem qualitativa, foca na concepção e na prática pedagógica do professor de ciências em uma escola pública no estado de Pernambuco (Nordeste do Brasil) sob a ótica dos pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos da etnobiologia. A pesquisa objetivou analisar, por meio de observações em sala de aula, se a prática pedagógica do professor contempla o diálogo entre saberes no ensino de ciências e; comparar as concepções do docente acerca de alguns conceitos, como: “Diálogo entre Saberes”, “Conhecimento Prévio” e “Etnobiologia”, através de entrevistas semiestruturadas, antes e após um trabalho colaborativo. A investigação revelou que o ensino do professor se encontrava moldado na perspectiva de uma metodologia tradicional. Contudo, foi possível perceber a ressignificação das concepções do educador, o qual possuía um conhecimento fragmentado acerca dos conceitos trabalhados durante o estudo. Assim, destacamos a necessidade do desenvolvimento de trabalhos como este, com objetivo de gerar nos professores a oportunidade de refletir sobre as suas práticas, promovendo uma educação que valorize e respeite os saberes dos educandos enquanto sujeitos sociais, históricos e transformadores de sua própria realidade.
Morphological Variation of Pelodytes caucasicus Boulenger, 1896 (Anura: Pelodytidae) from Turkey
Authors: ERGÜL KALAYCI Tuğba , GÜMÜŞSOY Kafiye , GÜL Çiğdem
Published: December 2021

The Parsley frog is represented by single species from Anatolia which is called Pelodytes caucasicus. This species is categorized as a near threatened in the conservation list and has very limited distribution along the North East Black Sea and its populations have been poorly studied. In this study, we analyzed morphological variation of 59 specimens from different localities from Anatolia (Artvin; Karagöl, Rize; Çat and Trabzon; Hıdırnebi) unraveled the differences among P. caucasicus populations. For this purpose, we used multivariate analysis such as principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Although there was considerable overlap among morphological variation of localities according to PCA analysis, slight differences were observed in LDA analysis. In PCA analysis, the HW, HL, and SVL are primarily discriminating characters for P. caucasicus. In LDA analysis, the NL, HW, and HL are primarily discriminating characters. This study will contribute to the limited data of P. caucasicus and enlarge the knowledge of geographic variation for P. caucasicus in Anatolia.
BARROS, Carlos (2020). La base material de la nación. El concepto de nación en Marx y Engels. Barcelona: El Viejo Topo. 220 páginas.
Authors: Pérez Álvarez Gonzalo
Published: December 2021

El reconocido medievalista y fundador de Historia a Debate Carlos Barros, hace años plantea la necesidad de recuperar, en nuestras producciones históricas e historiográficas, la noción de futuro. Sostiene que las corrientes hegemónicas de la academia han eliminado el término futuro del lenguaje historiográfico.

En este libro Barros da pelea contra esa perspectiva, como hace tiempo lo viene haciendo desde su diversa producción histórica e historiográfica. Para ello revisa el concepto de nación, una temática de enorme centralidad teórica e indudable relevancia política en el pasado reciente y en nuestra actualidad. Lo hace historizando el desarrollo de esa noción y realizando un recorrido centrado en la concepción de Marx y Engels.
Contribución al estudio de la evolución ideológica del Partido Comunista Argentino (1960-1984)
Authors: Quiroga Hugo , Falcón Ricardo
Published: December 2021

Publicación inédita de Ricardo Fal´con y Hugo Quiroga en FLACSO (Chile) en 1987.
ÖZEL YETENEKLİ ÖĞRENCİLERİN ÇEVRESEL DEĞERLERİNİN FARKLI DEĞİŞKENLER AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: AYVERDİ Leyla
Published: December 2021

Çalışmanın amacı, özel yetenekli ilkokul ve ortaokul öğrencilerinin çevresel değerler tutum puanlarının farklı değişkenler açısından incelenmesidir. Nedensel karşılaştırma modeline göre yürütülen araştırmanın çalışma grubu, kolay ulaşılabilir örnekleme yöntemine göre seçilen 257 özel yetenekli öğrencidir. Bu öğrencilerin 138'i kız, 119'u erkek öğrencidir. Verileri toplamak amacıyla 2-ÇDM (İki Faktörlü Çevresel Değerler Modeli) Tutum Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Veriler toplandıktan sonra SPSS 22 programına aktarılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçları, çevresel değerler tutum puanlarında cinsiyet, anne ve baba eğitim düzeyi açısından fark olmadığını ortaya koymuştur. Çevresel değerler tutum puanlarından kullanma boyutunda sınıf düzeyi, Bilim ve Sanat Merkezi (BİLSEM)'de devam ettikleri program açısından, koruma boyutunda ise kardeş sayısı açısından anlamlı farklar olduğu belirlenmiştir. BİLSEM'lerin öğrencilerin yetenekleri doğrultusunda eğitim aldıkları kurumlar oldukları düşünülürse, çevresel değerlerin öğrencilere kazandırılmasında onların yetenek alanlarını kullanmaya yönelik etkinlikler ve proje çalışmaları yapılması önerilebilir.
2014-2015 EĞİTİM-ÖĞRETİM YILINDA UYGULAMAYA KONULAN ÜÇÜNCÜ SINIF FEN BİLİMLERİ DERSİ ÖĞRETİM PROGRAMININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: BEDİR YÖNEY Merve , AYDIN Abdullah
Published: December 2021

Bu araştırmada, öncelikle 2014-2015 eğitim-öğretim yılında ilk defa uygulamaya konulan Üçüncü Sınıf Fen Bilimleri Dersi Öğretim Programı’nın sınıf öğretmenleri açısından değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Diğer bir amaç ise, üçüncü sınıf öğrencilerinin ilk defa karşılaştıkları fen bilimleri dersindeki kavramları öğrenme düzeylerinin tespit edilmesi ve bu öğrenci velilerinin dersin uygulanması hakkındaki görüşlerinin alınmasıdır. Bu amaçlar doğrultusunda araştırmanın katılımcılarını; 2016-2017 eğitim-öğretim yılı, İstanbul İlinin iki ilçesinde bulunan ve rastgele seçilmiş beş devlet okulunda görev yapan 25 sınıf öğretmeni, 586 üçüncü sınıf öğrencisi ve 15 öğrenci velisi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada, sınıf öğretmenlerine 47 maddelik Sınıf Öğretmenleri Anket Formu (SÖAF), üçüncü sınıf öğrencileri için fen bilimleri dersinde görmüş oldukları kavramları içeren 26 maddelik Fen Kavramları Bilgi Formu (FKBF) ve velilere ise çocuklarının ilk defa karşılaştıkları fen bilimleri dersinin uygulanışı ile ilgili olarak beş sorudan oluşan Yazılı Görüş Alma Formu (YGAF) uygulanarak, hem nicel hem de nitel veriler toplanmıştır. Nicel verilerin analizinde betimsel istatistik, nitel verilerin analizinde ise içerik analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre; öğretmenler kendilerine uygulanan anketin program kazanımı, konu alanı-içerik ve ölçme ve değerlendirme boyutlarına ilişkin ortalama olarak “katılıyorum” başka bir deyişle, bu boyutların uygun olduğu yönünde görüş belirtirken, anketteki öğrenme-öğretme süreci boyutuna ilişkin ise ortalama olarak “kararsızım” başka bir deyişle, programın bu boyutuna yönelik olumlu ya da olumsuz her hangi bir görüşlerinin olmadığını belirtmişlerdir. Öğrencilere uygulanan bilgi formundan elde edilen bulgulara göre, öğrencilerin %95’inin üçüncü sınıfta gördükleri fen bilimleri dersine karşı ilgili oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmaya katılan öğrenci velilerinden elde edilen bulgulara göre ise, velilerin çoğunluğu üçüncü sınıflarda fen bilimleri dersinin konulmasının çocukları için uygun olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Ayrıca, fen bilimleri konularının öğretiminde laboratuvar kullanılmasının öneminden bahsetmişlerdir. Araştırmanın sonucunda, programın etkin uygulanabilmesi için okul müdürleri, alan uzmanları, fen bilimleri öğretmenleri gibi farklı katılımcıların yer aldığı ve geniş örneklemli araştırmaların yapılması önerilmektedir.
Afetler Sonrası Mimarlıkta Yeni Normal
Authors: KIZILELMA Sema , GÖRGÜLÜ Tülin
Published: December 2021

İnsanoğlu, var olduğu ilk zamanlardan bu yana farklı dönemlerde farklı doğal afetlere maruz kalmıştır. Bu afetler, kimi zaman sadece maddi zararlar ile sonuçlanırken kimi zaman mal kayıplarına ek olarak can kayıplarına da neden olmuştur. Bu kayıpların en aza indirilmesi için afetler öncesinde, afet anında ve afetler sonrasında farklı yerel ve özel kuruluşlar farklı görevler üstlenmektedir. Araştırma kapsamında üzerinde durulacak olan konu, afetler sonrasında fikir aşamasında tasarlanmış ya da üretimi yapılmış olan barınma olanakları ve acil ihtiyaçlara yönelik ele alınan mimari yaklaşımlardır. Afetin meydana gelmesinden sonra, afetin yaşandığı bölgesel koşullar, iklim, nüfus, ekonomik durum, hasar durumu şeklinde sıralanabilecek veriler göz önünde bulundurularak, konuyla ilgili disiplinlerin birbirleriyle iş birliği içerisinde en kısa sürede, en acil ihtiyaçların başında gelen barınma konusunda üretim yapmaları önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında geçmişten günümüze farklı bölgelerde meydana gelen ve orta dereceli – yüksek kategorisinde değerlendirilebilecek afetler sonrasında inşa edilen geçici ve kalıcı yapı tasarımları ele alınmıştır. Bu tasarımlar, ele aldıkları tasarım yaklaşımları, özgün üretim fikirleri, kurulum süresi, taşınma ve inşa aşamaları ve bunun gibi birçok konuda getirdikleri yenilikler ve kolaylıklar açısından incelenmiştir. Proje önerilerinin ve uygulamalarının kategorize edilmesi deprem, tsunami, sel baskını, göçler ve salgın hastalıklar sonrası yapı tasarımları olarak iki başlık altında yapılmıştır. Başlıklara ait projeler kendi içlerinde gruplandırılarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Afetler sonrası meydana gelen hasarların ortaya çıkardığı barınma problemi, bu konuda yapılan çalışmalar ortaya konularak, hangi afetlerin barınma ihtiyaçlarını ne ölçüde etkilediği üzerinden irdelenmiştir. İncelemeler sonucunda depremler başta olmak üzere, savaş ve göç sonrasında ihtiyaç duyulan barınma ve günümüzde de etkisini devam ettirmekte olan salgın hastalıklar sonrası barınma ihtiyaçlarında meydana gelen değişimlerin diğerlerinden daha ön planda olduğu saptanmıştır.
Covid-19 Salgınının Kentsel Yaşam Kalitesi Açısından Potansiyel Etkileri Çin Örneği
Authors: MADEN KALKAN Çile , YILMAZ ŞAŞMAZ Aylin
Published: December 2021

2022 yılına doğru ilerlerken, dünya Covid-19 salgınından hala tam olarak kurtulabilmiş değildir. Bu salgın hastalık hem insanları hem de dünyayı yaşam kalitesi açısından değiştirmiştir. Dünyada çok sayıda ülke ve şehir, pandeminin getirmiş olduğu kısıtlama politikaları nedeniyle adeta “uyku moduna” girmiştir. Pandemi kısıtlamaları Çin’de özellikle ulaşım, ticaret, turizm vb. alanları olumsuz yönden etkileyerek, ülkenin ekonomisine büyük zararlar vermiştir. Ekonominin zarar görmesi ise doğal olarak ülkede yaşayan bütün insanları, nakit para akışını zora sokmuştur. Diğer yandan pandemi, hava kirliliğinden yıllardır yakınan Çin’de mavi gökyüzünün görülmesine olanak sağlayarak, olumlu bir etki yaratmıştır. Havanın yanı sıra toplu yaşam alanlarındaki gürültü ve çevre kirliliği azalmış, sahiller daha temiz duruma gelmiş, kısacası doğa olumlu anlamda kendini yenileme sürecine girmiştir. Sürecin sosyal yaşam adı altında insanlar üzerindeki etkisinde ise kabaca üreten ve tüketen olarak iki tip insan çeşitliliği oluşmuştur. İnsanlar sokağa çıkma kısıtlamalarında evlerine ve ailelerine daha fazla odaklanmış, psikolojik bir tedavi olarak kendilerine yeni uğraşlar bularak üretime geçmişlerdir. Öte yandan bu kısıtlamalar bazı insanların psikolojisini bozarak onları sadece tüketici olmaya itmiştir. Yani bu doğrultuda pandeminin yaşam kalitesi üzerinde hem olumlu hem de olumsuz sonuçları olmuştur demek mümkündür. Bu çalışmanın amacı Covid-19 pandemisinden kaynaklı insan hareketliliği kısıtlamalarının Çin genelinde ekonomik, sosyal yaşam ve çevre üzerindeki etkilerini ele almaktır. Bu amaca uygun şekilde makalede China Academic Journals (CNKI) veri tabanı ve açık kaynaklardan elde edilen bilgiler kullanılarak, Covid-19 pandemisinin Çin’deki olumlu-olumsuz etkileri sosyal bilimler çerçevesi içinde incelenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda Çin’de pandeminin özellikle ekonomiyi genellikle olumsuz yönde, çevreyi genellikle olumlu yönde ve insan yaşamını ise hem olumlu hem de olumsuz yönde etkilediği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Aluminum surface nitriding by an atmospheric-pressure non-thermal plasma technique
Authors: Ma Zhongyang , Sun Hongmei , Zheng Huan , Zhao Yanjun , Sui Siyuan , Zhang Chi , Ni Guohua
Published: December 2021

The application of aluminum is often limited by poor hardness, and plasma nitriding can make it have excellent mechanical properties. The purpose of this study is to nitride the aluminum surface by non-thermal transferred arc plasma technology. During the plasma nitriding process, the maximum effective value of output current is about 390 mA and the overall temperature of the samples is much lower than the solidus temperature. It is found that the microstructure and mechanical properties of the aluminum surface are improved by adding hydrogen into the nitrogen plasma. Compared with the surface treated by pure N2 plasma, the particle size of the aluminum surface treated by N2/H2 plasma is smaller. The surface hardness of aluminum is nearly doubled after being treated in 6.0 vol% H2 + 94.0 vol% N2 atmosphere.
The effect of demographic factors on employees’ performance: A case of an owner-manager manufacturing firm
Authors:   School of Business, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana, Amegayibor Godson Kwame
Published: December 2021

Abstract Purpose: The goal of this study is to look into how demographic factors influence employee performance in an owner-manager manufacturing firm. Research Methodology: The research was carried out in an owner-manager firm in Cape Coast, Ghana's central region. For data translation and analysis, a quantitative approach and a correlational study design were used, as well as a census sampling technique to sample 400 employees, an interview schedule, multiple linear regression, and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0 Versions. Result: The findings show that age and education have an impact on employees’ performance. The findings also revealed that age and department have an impact on employee absenteeism. Again the result shows that age, education, and tenure respectively influences employees’ output. However, some demographic factors have no relationship with employees’ performance, absenteeism, or output. Limitation: Time constraints, assumptions about the underlying theory, and the unwillingness of respondents to give out information were all limitations. Contribution: SMEs owners and managers must not overlook these elements, as they have a variety of effects on employees’ performance, how they miss work, and output levels. It is thought that paying attention to an employee's age groups, level of education, the department they work in and what transpired there, and years of experience will go a long way in assisting them in performing to a satisfactory level and increasing their performance.
Local Post-hoc Explainable Methods for Adversarial Text Attacks
Authors: Chai Yidong , Liang Ruicheng , Zhu Hongyi , Samtani Sagar , Wang Meng , Liu Yezheng , Jiang Yuanchun
Published: December 2021

Deep learning models have significantly advanced various natural
language processing tasks. However, they are strikingly vulnerable
to adversarial text attacks, even in the black-box setting where no model
knowledge is accessible to hackers. Such attacks are conducted with a two-phase
framework: 1) a sensitivity estimation phase to evaluate each element’s
sensitivity to the target model’s prediction, and 2) a
perturbation execution phase to craft the adversarial examples based on estimated
element sensitivity. This study explored the connections between the local
post-hoc explainable methods for deep learning and black-box adversarial text
attacks and proposed a novel eXplanation-based method for crafting
Adversarial Text Attacks (XATA). XATA leverages local post-hoc explainable
methods (e.g., LIME or SHAP) to measure input elements’ sensitivity and adopts the word replacement perturbation strategy to
craft adversarial examples. We evaluated the attack performance of the proposed
XATA on three commonly used text-based datasets: IMDB Movie Review, Yelp Reviews-Polarity,
and Amazon Reviews-Polarity. The proposed XATA outperformed existing baselines in
various target models, including LSTM, GRU, CNN, and BERT. Moreover, we found
that improved local post-hoc explainable methods (e.g., SHAP) lead to more
effective adversarial attacks. These findings showed that when researchers constantly
advance the explainability of deep learning models with local post-hoc
methods, they also provide hackers with weapons to craft more targeted and dangerous adversarial attacks.
Muzzle Voltage Characteristics of Railguns
Authors: Tosun Nail , Keysan Ozan
Published: December 2021

Muzzle voltage is an essential diagnostic tool used in both contact resistance modeling and transition determination. However, it is challenging to stem the necessary meanings from the collected measurements. In this study, EMFY-3 launch experiments are used to model muzzle voltage characteristics to understand the transition mechanism better. These experiments have muzzle energies in the range between 1.69-2.85 MJ in ASELSAN Electromagnetic Launcher Laboratory. Six different launch tests with various rail current waveforms that ranged between 1.5-2.1 MA are used to investigate different scenarios. Some parameters which affect muzzle voltage are calculated with the 3-D Finite Element Method (FEM), i.e., rail mutual inductance $\mathrm{L_m}$. Muzzle voltages are decomposed into subsections; each subsection is calculated with proper models. Simulation results are coherent with experimental measurements. Findings are compared with previous studies, and differences are explained with possible reasons. Even though we could not conclusively resolve which physical quantity starts to transition, the study showed that transition does not form a specific muzzle velocity, armature action integral, or down-slope rail current ratio.
On the Impact of Probabilistic Shaping on Fiber Nonlinearities
Authors: Tanha Ahmad , Rabbani Hami , Beygi Lotfollah
Published: December 2021

This paper addresses probabilistic shaping (PS) which has been a latest key technique to approach capacity of fiber-optic channels. We investigate the impact of PS on nonlinear interference (NLI), including self channel interference (SCI), cross channel interference (XCI), and multi channel interference (MCI) for a polarization multiplexed 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation format in a wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) system. To this end, we consider performing PS in two scenarios: (i) Solely on the channel of interest and (ii) over all C-band WDM channels of a fiber-optic link by analyzing the effective signal to noise ratio and symbol error rate. It is demonstrated that using the enhanced Gaussian noise model with merely 10% overhead in the first scenario, the applied PS scheme increases the SCI and the total experienced NLI by about 19.23%, and 6.6%, respectively. Interestingly, despite enhancing the NLI in this scenario, the simulated PS technique leads to about 47.6% increase in the transmission reach. In the second scenario, the numerical results show increase of the SCI, XCI, and total NLI around 19.8%, 23.34%, and 20.2%, respectively, but resulting in an increase of 32.3% in the transmission reach.
Phish: A Novel Hyper-Optimizable Activation Function
Authors: Naveen Philip
Published: December 2021

Deep-learning models estimate values using backpropagation. The activation function within hidden layers is a critical component to minimizing loss in deep neural-networks. Rectified Linear (ReLU) has been the dominant activation function for the past decade. Swish and Mish are newer activation functions that have shown to yield better results than ReLU given specific circumstances. Phish is a novel activation function proposed here. It is a composite function defined as f(x) = xTanH(GELU(x)), where no discontinuities are apparent in the differentiated graph on the domain observed. Four generalized networks were constructed using Phish, Swish, Sigmoid, and TanH. SoftMax was the output function. Using images from MNIST and CIFAR-10 databanks, these networks were trained to minimize sparse categorical crossentropy. A large scale cross-validation was simulated using stochastic Markov chains to account for the law of large numbers for the probability values. Statistical tests support the research hypothesis stating Phish could outperform other activation functions in classification. Future experiments would involve testing Phish in unsupervised learning algorithms and comparing it to more activation functions.
The top candidate is an intermediate one: An analysis of online posts of Veneto industries
Authors: Fabbris Luigi
Published: December 2021

The paper describes the results of an experimental study carried out by sending bogus CVs in response to online posts. To each post related to a job vacation in a Veneto industry a number of five CVs was created and sent. The CVs were created so to experimentally evaluate the likelihood of discrimination against certain categories of candidates. The variability of call back rates of the addressed industries was analysed to elicit possible relationships between recruiters’ taste and gender, nationality, academic curriculum and other social characteristics of applicants.
Contrary to expectations, women obtained more call backs than male counterparts and graduates in a social or humanistic discipline were called back more than graduates in a scientific or technical one. Even the possession of a car was negatively evaluated by recruiters. As expected, instead, foreign-born candidates obtained far less call backs than Italian ones.
A multivariate analysis drew us to the conclusion that the largest part of online posts was destined to candidates who belonged to intermediate categories, that is, to candidates being the best once the bottom and the top candidates were skimmed. The worst candidates were excluded for intuitive reasons, while the excellent ones – we conjecture – were left aside because recruiters guessed they would demand more than companies were available to give. These outcomes could help graduates in their duty of preparing an ad hoc CV.
Personal weaknesses recognized by high school students in the North-West of Italy
Authors: Bollani Luigi
Published: December 2021

This study is part of a project aimed at supporting the weaknesses of young people who are experiencing, or are at risk of reaching, NEET condition (Not in Education, Employment or Training; aged between 15 and 29 or 34, according to different definitions).
The first signs of the extreme discomfort caused by Neet condition were sought by investigating signs of weakness in high school students in the Piedmont, Valle d'Aosta and Liguria regions. Of course students as such are not Neets and the anonymity required for a survey dealing with very personal issues does not allow a longitudinal study to be carried out on the same individuals. However, the construction of a comparison base referring to a generic population, relative to the incidence of certain states of weakness (or some of their combinations), will allow for a subsequent comparison with the incidence of the same difficulties in school age for those who find themselves in a Neet situation.
A survey questionnaire was administered to 931 students, an operator being present in the classrooms, shortly before the start of the pandemic. Collected results will therefore be more directly linked to school activities "in presence", even if discontinuities in teaching methods and characteristics caused by the pandemic might have brought in alterations that will need to be monitored over time.
Measuring the effectiveness of COVID-19 containment policies in Italian regions: are we doing enough?
Authors: Panarello Demetrio , Tassinari Giorgio
Published: December 2021

A successful fight against COVID-19 greatly depends on citizens’ adherence to the restrictive measures, which may not suffice alone. Making use of a containment index, data on sanctions, and Google’s movement trends across Italian regions, complemented by other sources, we investigate the extent to which compliance with the mobility limitations has affected the number of deaths over time in the period from the 24th of February 2020 to the 9th of November 2020, by using panel data for Italian regions, analysed through a negative binomial regression method. We also differentiated the study period, estimating two distinct models on two subsamples: until the 13th of September and since the 14th of September. In so doing, we show how the pandemic dynamics have changed between the first and the second wave of the emergency. Our results highlight that the importance of the restrictive measures and of citizens’ accord on their abidance has greatly increased since the end of the summer, also because the stringency level of the adopted measures has critically declined. Informing citizens about the effects and purposes of the restrictive measures is of paramount importance, especially in the current phase of the pandemic.
Motivation of basketball players: a random-effects logit model for the probability of winning
Authors: Bacci Silvia , Cvetković Tijan Juraj
Published: December 2021

In the sport psychology, the theories of motivation, such as the McClelland's need achievement theory and the Nicholls' achievement goal theory, play an important role in the team sports in motivating and encouraging team members. The practical implementation of these theories relies on detecting the variables that significantly affect the probability of winning so as to identify the key elements for the team motivation, the role assignment, and the decision-making process. As the relevant variables change in accordance with the type of sport, in this contribution we focus on the basketball. In detail, we consider the traditional box score of the U.S. National Basket Association (NBA) regular season games played in the seasons 2016-17, 2017-18, 2018-19 and 2020-21. Each season comprises of 82 games played by each of the 30 teams, which cumulates to 4920 games. Hence, data have a multilevel structure, with multiple observations for each team. To properly address the data structure, the probability of winning is modelled through a random-intercept logit model, where teams are the upper-level units and games are the lower-level units. Among the independent variables, we take into account several possible determinants of winning, such as number of assists, number of offensive rebounds, number of defensive rebounds, number of turnovers, number of stolen balls, percentage of free throws made, number of fouls made. Moreover, we devote a special attention to the effect of two more independent variables: the number of key-players that are missing or injured and a dummy if the team plays without a day of rest between consecutive games. The study provides insights in the determinants of success of the basketball games: these results can be used by the team decision makers to assign roles that favor motivation and performance of players and of team as a whole.
The effectiveness of marketing tools in a consumer goods market in Italy during the Great Recession (2010-2015)
Authors: Tassinari Giorgio , Panarello Demetrio
Published: December 2021

In the case of markets characterized by a stationary primary demand, the relevant dimension for measuring a company’s success is represented by market shares. The paper aims to build and comment on a model that gauges the competitive effects of marketing maneuvers on market shares, with reference to tea-based beverages in Italy in the period November 2010 – October 2015. This analysis will be instrumental in establishing the effectiveness of marketing policies based on promotions or advertising. We estimate such a model on weekly data provided by IRI Infoscan and Nielsen, involving the top five brands in the Italian market. After a descriptive analysis and a stationarity test, we estimate a Multinomial Logit model, making use of the Seemingly Unrelated Regressions method. The results allow us to identify the effectiveness of each brand’s marketing policies. Moreover, they enable us to derive the matrices of direct and cross elasticities of brands’ market shares with respect to the main marketing tools (price, promotions, distribution, advertising investments) and to compare basic and average market shares. Based on these results, it is therefore possible to identify the market’s competitive structure, revealing the most incisive factors to be price and weighted distribution, while advertising investments are significant in only a few cases and elasticities are remarkably low. The competitive structure appears to be of a horizontal type (i.e., cross elasticities do not vary greatly).
Understanding the sensory characteristics of edible insects to promote entomophagy: A projective sensory experience among consumers
Authors: Piscitelli Alfonso , Fasanelli Roberto , Cuomo Elena , Galli Ida
Published: December 2021

In recent years, a remarkable number of studies have investigated sensory characteristics, such as flavor and texture, of edible insect and insect-based foods, their contribution to consumers’ attitudes toward edible insects are important in consumer appeal and their willingness to try eating insects in the future.
This paper addresses the problem of describing the sensory characteristics aof edible insect and insect-based foods in terms of preferences. To this end, we conducted a study to explore the representations of sensory experiences related to an insect-based dish involving a voluntary sample of 154 consumers. The quasi-experiment, which we have called projective sensory experience (PSE), follows a two-step procedure. In the first step, we asked the participants to imagine tasting an insect-based dish and then to rate, from 1 (imperceptible) up to 10 (very perceptible), the following taste-olfactory sensations: Sapidity, Bitter tendency, Acidity, Sweet, Spiciness, Aroma, Greasiness-Unctuosity, Succulence, Sweet, Fatness, Persistence. In the second step, we asked our interviewees to indicate, through a specific check-list, which was the most disturbing and least disturbing taste-olfactory sensation imagined. We collected data from May to July 2020 by using an anonymous on-line questionnaire.
Results could help understand the sensory characteristics of “insects as food” that should be used or avoided, for example, in communication aimed at promoting familiarity with edible insects and improving the acceptability of insects as a novel food.
Genetic diversity and comparative study of genomic DNA extraction protocols in Tamarix L. species
Authors: Cheng Xiao , Hong Xiaoling , Khayatnezhad Majid , Ullah Fazal
Published: December 2021

The genus Tamarix  consists of about 54 species that mainly grow in saline areas of deserts and semi-deserts. This genus is chemically characterized by the presence of tannins, flavonoids, anthocyanins and essential oils which interfere with the extraction of pure genomic DNA. Thus it is necessary to optimize extraction protocols to minimize the influence of these compounds to the lowest level. The present study compares the efficiency of five different approaches to extract total genomic DNA in Tamarix species, showing significant differences in the extracted DNA contents and quality,by using  Kit (DNP TM Kit), CTAB DNA extraction method by Murray and Thompson, Sahu et al., Nalini et al. and Bi et al., for the extraction of DNA from Tamarix species. Our results showed significant differences in DNA contents between these five methods. The quantity and quality of extracted genomic DNA were checked by the spectrophotometer, Nano-Drop and and agarose gel electrophoresis analysis. Finally, a PCR-based method was also applied to verify the amplification efficiency for two molecular markers (ITS and ISSR).. In the present study, the genetic diversity of 96 Tamarix individuals species and 8 populations were studied using 10 ISSR markerswhile for nrDNA ITS 8 species samples were used. The method of Nalini et al., provided best results (207 ng/μL) in terms of quantity and quality ofDNA. Our results proposed that this method could be effective for plants with the same polysaccharides, proteins and polyphenols components. The advantage of this method is simple and fast as it does not involve time consuming steps such as incubation at higher temperatures, and also do not requires expensive chemicals such as proteinase K, liquid nitrogen. ,. The success of this method in obtaining high-quality genomic DNA has been demonstrated in the Tamarix species group and the reliability of this method has been discussed.
Flashcard Games As A Learning Tool : Internalizing The Practical Values Of Pancasila
Authors: Arya Kresna Aryaning
Published: December 2021

This paper discusses new possible efforts to internalize the values of Pancasila through a flashcard game. This is because these values can be taught in a fun way through games. Internalization of these values can be done explicitly or implicitly in several aspects of the game, namely the rules of the game, the characters, and the narrative. The discussion begins with a hermeneutic analysis of Pancasila values that will be internalized to the game participants. The method used was hermeneutics as a tool of philosophical analysis to obtain a practical concept of the philosophical values of Pancasila. Furthermore, these practical values will be used in the effort to internalize values through flashcards games. The results of the analysis were simplified so that they can be used as a narrative and reference for the game, as well as a reference for game rules. The conclusion is that the flashcards game can be used as a means of internalizing the values of Pancasila if these values can be comprehensively expressed in the narrative, flow, and rules of the game.
Tourism Assets Management Strategy In Rote Ndao District – Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Apriliana Tungga Cicilia , L.E. Tomasowa Olivia
Published: December 2021

Ndao Regency is one of the regencies that prioritizes the direction of development for 2019-2024 in the tourism sector. The problem in Rote Ndao District is the absence of asset management that focuses on potential tourism assets. In this study, the formulation of the problem is to place a tourism asset management strategy in Rote Ndao Regency. The purpose of this study is to evaluate, identify and describe the management of regional assets. This study also formulates priority strategies to improve local asset management of the Rote Ndao District Government. The data consisted of primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from direct observation, interviews and questionnaires using purposive sampling method. While secondary data obtained from literature and documents relevant to the research. The analysis in this study uses a SWOT analysis. The results of the study indicate that the weak competence of human resources in asset management is due to the lack of guidance, supervision, lack of supporting facilities and infrastructure and the lack of cooperation involving the private sector and the community to develop tourism potential. The control system affects the performance of regional asset management. The prioritized strategy is to improve the quality of human resources in managing and reporting local government assets.
SYRIAN CRISIS, MIGRATION, WOMEN AND VIOLENCE FROM PERSPECTIVE OF FEMINIST SECURITY STUDIES
Authors: KARAKOÇ DORA Zuhal
Published: December 2021

In the discipline of International Relations, migration is primarily handled as a matter of security. This perception of security is come into view as a result of politics determined at different levels in the manner of individual, society and the state. However; taken the masculine construction of the discipline of International Relations into consideration, it becomes clear that the phenomenon of “violence”, of which major sufferers are women, is to be tackled with a completely new perspective. Preventing the violence before, while and after the migration is of vital importance in procuring the security of the guest and the host communities and their integration simultaneously. In this article, by referring to the change of security studies and the expanded security agenda, the concepts of migration and violence are examined from a woman-oriented perspective within context of the Syrian crisis and under the framework of the feminist security approach.
Degradação de metil e propil parabenos usando sistemas O3/H+, O3/OH- e O3/Mn2+
Authors: Albuquerque Aguiar Eliel , Rocha de Lima Jéssica , Marques da Fonseca Aluísio , Barroso Salgado Bruno César , dos Santos Araújo Rinaldo
Published: December 2021

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a degradação do metil e propil parabenos pelo processo de ozonização em meios ácido (pH = 5), alcalino (pH = 10) e catalítico (Mn2+, pH = 3). Os estudos cinéticos foram conduzidos a temperatura ambiente (27°C) para uma dosagem constante de 79 g/m3 de O3 na concentração inicial de
50 mg/L. Os resultados mostraram uma degradação de 100% para ambos os parabenos após 3 min de reação para o sistema alcalino. A cinética de degradação dos parabenos foi descrita pelo modelo cinético de primeira ordem com R2 entre 0,990 e 0,999. A ozonização alcalina (O3/OH-) apresentou constantes de velocidade de duas a três vezes superiores às observadas em meio ácido e catalítico. A não toxicidade das amostras tratadas frente à Artemia salina foi confirmada apenas para os processos de ozonização ácida e catalítica. Em geral, os resultados de degradação dos parabenos para os sistemas de ozonização aplicados foram promissores, embora os sistemas ácido e catalítico sejam os ambientalmente mais aceitáveis.
Palavras-chave: Ozônio. Parabenos. Degradação. Cinética. Toxicidade.
EFFECT OF THE ISOMETRIC -ISOTONIC EXERCISE ON LIGAMENTS RUPTURE INJURY OF KNEE AND REHABILITATION FOR ATHLETIC
Authors: Waleed Adnan , Rusu Ligia , Ali Bediwy
Published: December 2021

Introduction.Rehabilitation is a program of treatment with some sport exercises targeting the lower body .The aim:of the study is to develop the work of the knee joint after the ligament rupture injury and to rehabilitate itby preparation of the (PTP) proposed training program.Material and Method:The study included 4 injured athletes who were selected from a total of 10 injured.The tools used to measure the angle of flexion and extension of the knee joint before and after rehabilitation are tape measure , anthropometric measurements and squat equipment. Statistical analyses:which used included MEAN, STD, MAX, MIN, MEDIAN to explain the results. Anthropometricis used to measure the (TCUIL) Thigh circumference of upper injured limb and (CBIL) Circumference of bottom injured, Flexion and extension angle of the knee joint and isometric -isotonic exercises with Pre-test –post-test for 4 injures athletes. Results :using the intensity of 30-35% until it reached 95-100% after the end of the training program with 9 -10Kg weights in the first week until 30-35 Kg on squat equipment at the end of the fourth week and it was cured and Anthropometrics of Pre-test was (TCUIL) was 49 and Post-test was 50 cm with increase1cmand the Pre-test of (CBIL) was 34.5 and Post-test 34.7 cm with increase(0.2mm).Conclusions:: The (PTP) developed muscle strength of the femoral muscle groups working on the knee joint after used isometric isotonic exercise
The new delimitation of peripheries in Czechia
Authors: Jeřábek Milan , Dokoupil Jaroslav , Fiedor David , Krejčová Nikola , Šimáček Petr , Wokoun René , Zich František
Published: December 2021

Peripheries may be delimited by various methodological approaches. The aim of this article is to identify and spatially determine inner and outer peripheries at the municipal level in Czechia. With the help of 15 indicators (reflecting the demographic development, economic activity, and transportation accessibility), the municipalities are divided into five categories according to the level of their peripherality. The results are then confronted with previous research in this field to assess the dynamics of spatial distribution of peripheries in Czechia, particularly in terms of their location and size.
The Tactical and Technical Functioning Conditions of the S-200C Vega Missile System on the Modern Battlefield
Authors: Pietrasieński Jan , Rodzik Dariusz , Bużantowicz Witold
Published: December 2021

The Polish armed forces have used the S-200 Vega surface-to-air missile (SAM) system since the middle of the 1980s. In the early 21st century, it was upgraded to a digital version and adapted to the reality of air combat at the time. After almost twenty years of service since its upgrade, it remains the only long-range SAM in the armament of the Polish Air Force. Today, this SAM system is undergoing a major modification, again, to maintain its long-range anti-air attack potential and the required combat functionalities. The objective of this paper is to identify the technical and tactical functioning conditions of the S-200 family of SAM system on the modern battlefield. In order to achieve this goal, the authors used theoretical methods of research. As a result of the conducted analyzes, this paper presents the operational experience gained so far and a justification for the continued service of the Vega SAM system.