bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of the orbitofrontal cortex in cognition and behavior
Authors: Jonker Frank A. , Jonker Cees , Scheltens Philip , Scherder Erik J.A.
Published: September 2014

The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) plays a crucial role in behavior and is a common site for damage due to different types of injuries, e.g., closed head injuries, cerebrovascular accidents, tumors, neurosurgical interventions. Despite the (severe) behavioral changes following OFC lesions, persons with damage to the OFC appear to be cognitively intact, i.e., at least when assessed by means of standard neuropsychological tests. Meanwhile, neuropsychological tests addressing reversal learning, gambling, and social cognition show a decline in these patients. The goal of the present review is to link the performance of these latter neuropsychological tests to behavior. The results suggest that in patients with orbitofrontal lesions, reversal learning is more associated with behavioral disinhibition and that impairment in recognition of expressed emotion is more associated with social inappropriate behavior. The faux pas test (theory of mind) appears not to be sensitive to orbitofrontal lesions. Future studies should involve a larger numbers of patients with well-defined locations in the OFC and should integrate specific neuropsychological tests and quantitative behavioral measures to better understand the contribution of the OFC to cognition and behavior.
Crystal structure of tetraaquabis(perrhenato)nickel(II), Ni(ReO4)2(H2O)4
Authors: Mujica C. , Peters K. , Peters E.-M. , Schnering H. G. von
Published: September 2014

H. G. von Schnering
Crystal structure of nitrato-O,O -bis(1,10-phenanthroline)nitritolead(II), Pb(phen)2(NO3)1.5(NO2)0.5
Authors: Morsali A. , Mahjoub A. R. , Bijanzadeh H. R.
Published: September 2014

C24H16N6O5.50Pb, triclinic, P1 (No. 2), a = 7.805(2) Å, b = 11.332(2) Å, c = 13.184(3) Å, α = 94.934(3)0, β = 99.471(3)0, γ = 101.504(3)0, V = 1118.6 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.028, wRref(F2) = 0.066, T = 110 K.
Crystal structure of 4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-[4-(4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)- butyl]piperazin-1-ium chloride trihydrate, (C22H26ClN4O)Cl · 3H2O
Authors: Karolak-Wojciechowska J. , Fruziński A. , Kowalska T. , Kowalski P.
Published: September 2014

C22H32Cl2N4O4, triclinic, P1 (No. 2), a = 7.081(1) Å, b = 13.247(3) Å, c = 13.923(3) Å, α = 102.90(3)0, β = 96.90(3)0, γ = 98.36(3)0, V = 1243.7 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.066, wRref(F2) = 0.241, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of 2'H,7'H-dispiro[fluorene-9,2'-dibenzo[c,e]- oxepine-7',9"-fluorene], C38H24O
Authors: Ibragimov B. T. , Weber E. , Beketov K. M. , Makhkamov K. K.
Published: September 2014

C38H24O, monoclinic, P121/n1 (No. 14), a = 10.737(2) Å, b = 16.963(3) Å, c = 15.246(3) Å, β = 109.30(3)°, V = 2620.8 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.088, wRref(F2) = 0.252, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of 3′-benzyloxy-2′-naphthyl-1-bromo-2-naphthoate, C28H19BrO3
Authors: Peters K. , Peters E.-M. , Wuzik A. , Pfeifer R.-M. , Bringmann G.
Published: September 2014

C28H19BrO3, monoclinic, P121/c1 (No. 14), a = 13.769(1) Å, b = 19.058(2) Å, c = 8.716(1) Å, β = 107.964(6)°, V = 2175.7 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.059, wRref(F2) = 0.164, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of ammonium triiodidomercurate(II) monohydrate, NH4HgI3 · H2O
Authors: Loukil M. , Kabadou A. , Svoboda I. , Salah A. B. , Fuess H.
Published: September 2014

H6HgI3NO, monoclinic, C1c1 (No. 9), a = 11.1235(9) Å, b = 9.8046(8) Å, c = 8.7430(8) Å, β = 90.185(7)°, V = 953.5Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.033, wRref(F2) = 0.072, T = 299 K.
Crystal structure of dinitrato-dimethanol-bis[N-(2-aminopropyl)- salicylaldiminato]dicadmium(II), Cd2(C10H13N2O)2(NO3)2(CH3OH)2
Authors: Xia D.-S. , Wang Y.-F. , Liu W.-J. , Wang D.-Q. , Zhu H.-L.
Published: September 2014

C22H34Cd2N6O10, triclinic, P1̅ (No. 2), a = 7.832(2) Å, b = 9.275(3) Å, c = 10.497(3) Å, α = 85.445(4)°, β = 71.174(4)°, ϒ = 88.390(4)°, V = 719.4 Å3, Z = 1, Rgt(F) = 0.041, wRref(F2) = 0.113, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of [bis-tris(pyrazolyl)methanecobalt(II)] [chlorobis( η2-benzoato)-η1-benzoato-manganate(II)] hydrate, Co(C10H10N6)Mn(C7H5O2)3Cl · H2O
Authors: Moubaraki B. , Murray K. S. , Tiekink E. R. T.
Published: September 2014

C41H37ClCoMnN12O7, monoclinic, P121/n1 (No. 14), a = 16.024(5) Å, b = 13.23(1) Å, c = 20.833(4) Å, β = 106.54(2)°, V = 4233.8Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.054, wRref(F2) = 0.138, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of dl-dimethyl 2,3-dibenzamido-2,3-dimethylbutanedioate, C22H24N2O6
Authors: Coghlan D. R. , Easton C. J. , Tiekink E. R. T.
Published: September 2014

C22H24N2O6, monoclinic, P121/c1 (No. 14), a = 10.982(2) Å, b = 9.440(1) Å, c = 10.375(3) Å, β = 111.06(1)°, V = 1003.7Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.074, wRref(F2) = 0.222, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of rubidium copper silver oxide, Rb3Cu0.5Ag0.5O2
Authors: Sofin M. , Peters E.-M. , Jansen M.
Published: September 2014

Ag0.5Cu0.5O2Rb3, tetragonal, P41212 (No. 92), a = 9.0169(3) Å, c = 14.1195(6) Å, V = 1148.0 Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.054, wRref(F2) = 0.150, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of tricalcium tantalum trigallium disilicon oxide, Ca3TaGa3Si2O14
Authors: Wang Z.-M. , Yu W.-T. , Yuan D.-R. , Wang X.-Q. , Xue G. , Shi X.-Z. , Xu D. , Lv M.-K.
Published: September 2014

Ca3Ga3O14Si2Ta, trigonal, P321 (No. 150), a = 8.1081(4) Å, c = 4.9850(4) Å, V = 283.8 Å3, Z = 1, Rgt(F) = 0.025, wRref(F2) = 0.064, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of 11,23-bis-(tert-butyl)-25,27-bis-(ethoxyethoxy)-26,28-bis-(propoxy)calix[4]arene, C50H68O6
Authors: Bagatin I. A. , Balegroune F. , Matt D.
Published: September 2014

C50H68O6, monoclinic, C12/c1 (No. 15), a = 25.4702(8) Å, b = 11.013(1) Å, c = 18.5662(8) Å, β = 119.078(3)°, V = 4551.6 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.063, wRref(F2) = 0.230, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of 5,11,17,23-tetra-t-butyl-25,27-dihydroxy-26,28-di-tosyloxy-calix[4]arene, C58H68O8S2
Authors: Paulus E. F. , Joswig W. , Böhmer V. , Saadioui M. , Krilow M. , Peikert-Regelien M. , Urschel B.
Published: September 2014

C58H68O8S2, monoclinic, C1c1 (No. 9), a = 23.888(5) Å, b = 11.225(2) Å, c = 21.431(4) Å, β = 112.41(3)°, V = 5312.7 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.041, wRref(F2) = 0.105, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of {2-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-1-piperidinylmethyl] cyclopentyl}-(4-fluorophenyl)-methanone, C24H27ClFNO2
Authors: Casellato U. , Graziani R. , Teijeira M. , Uriarte E.
Published: September 2014

C24H27ClFNO2, triclinic, P1̅̅̅̅ (No. 2), a = 9.494(2) Å, b = 10.769(2) Å, c = 11.377(3)Å, α = 87.18(3)°, β = 67.27(3)°, γ = 88.01(3)°, V = 1071.4 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.076, wRobs(F2) = 0.302, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of 1′-(1,2′-binaphthyl) 1-naphthyl ketone, C31H20O
Authors: Skobridis K. , Weber E. , chter W.
Published: September 2014

C31H20O, monoclinic, P121/n1 (No. 14), a = 11.588(2) Å, b = 12.306(2) Å, c = 15.794(3) Å, β = 105.65(3)°, V = 2168.8 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.071, wRref(F2) = 0.203, T = 298 K.
Crystal structure of N-(3,5-benzenedicarboxy)-2,5-phenyl-3,4-(9,10-dihydroanthracen-diyl)-pyrrole—acetone—water (1:1:1), C38H25NO4 · C3H6O · H2O
Authors: Uytterhoeven K. , Van Meervelt L. , Smet M. , Dehaen W.
Published: September 2014

C41H33NO6, triclinic, P1̅ (No. 2), a = 9.610(3) Å, b = 12.877(3) Å, c = 15.138(4) Å, α = 109.29(2)°, β = 105.16(2)°, γ = 94.24(2)°, V = 1680.0 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.059, wRref(F2) = 0.161, T = 289 K.
Crystal structure of diethylenetriammonium silver(I) di(4-nitrobenzoate) monohydrate, [Ag(C4H14N3)](C7H4NO4)2 · H2O
Authors: Zhu H.-L. , Shao S.-C. , Yang S. , Qiu X.-Y. , Ma J.-L. , Fun H.-K.
Published: September 2014

C18H24AgN5O9, monoclinic, P121/n1 (No. 14), a = 6.2181(3) Å, b = 26.975(2) Å, c = 13.1982(7) Å, β = 99.648(2)°, V = 2182.5 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.038, wRref(F2) = 0.082, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of di(4-aminopyridine)silver(I) trifluoromethylsulfate, Ag(C5H6N2)2(CF3SO3)
Authors: Zhu H.-L. , Zhang M. , Sun Z.-Y. , Rong N.-N. , Zhang B. , Li Y. , Fun H.-K.
Published: September 2014

C11H12AgF3N4O3S, monoclinic, P121/n1 (No. 14), a = 6.901(1) Å, b = 11.106(2) Å, c = 20.958(4) Å, β = 94.799(3)°, V = 1600.6 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.033, wRref(F2) = 0.081, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of (aqua)(benzimidazole-N)bis(2,4-pentanedionato-O,O′)cobalt(II), C17H22CoN2O5
Authors: Lin H. , Feng Y.-L.
Published: September 2014

C17H22CoN2O5, orthorhombic, Pnma (No. 62), a = 7.944(2) Å, b = 14.346(3) Å, c = 16.544(3) Å, V = 1885.5 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.044, wRref(F2) = 0.123, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of 2-dimethoxy-phosphinyl-1,3-benzodithiole, (C6H4S2CH)PO(OCH3)2
Authors: Xu F.-Y. , Zhang F.-S. , Wang R.-J. , Pu S.-Z. , Zhou X.-H. , Sun F. , Yuan P.
Published: September 2014

C9H11O3PS2, monoclinic, P121/n1 (No. 14), a = 9.791(3) Å, b = 10.943(2) Å, c = 11.619(3) Å, β = 108.970(2)°, V = 1177.3 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.035, wRref(F2) = 0.078, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of 4,5-bis(2′-cyanoethylthio)-1,3-dithiole-2-thione, C9H8N2S5
Authors: Yu W.-T. , Xue G. , Fang Q. , Liu G.-Q.
Published: September 2014

C9H8N2S5, monoclinic, P121/n1 (No. 14), a = 9.070(5) Å, b = 27.123(5) Å, c = 10.736(5) Å, β = 104.461(5)°, V = 2557.5 Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.038, wRref(F2) = 0.086, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of 4-N-phenylisoindolinone, C14H11NO
Authors: Polamo M. , Talja M.
Published: September 2014

C14H11NO, monoclinic, P121/n1 (No. 14), a = 5.925(4) Å, b = 7.556(2) Å, c = 23.11(1) Å, β = 94.67(5)°, V = 1031.3 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.055, wRref(F2) = 0.140, T = 193 K.
Crystal structure of 4,7-dibromo-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole, C6H2Br2N2S
Authors: Tomura M. , Yamashita Y.
Published: September 2014

C6H2Br2N2S, monoclinic, P121/c1 (No. 14), a = 18.3670(9) Å, b = 3.9522(2) Å, c = 22.120(2) Å, β = 97.390(6)°, V = 1592.4 Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.045, wRref(F2) = 0.127, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of 1-benzoyl-2-picoloyl-hydrazine nickel(II)–methylene chloride solvate (1:0.25), Ni[OC(C6H5)NHN(C5H4N)CO)]2 · 0.25CH2Cl2
Authors: Dieng M. , Gaye M. , Sall A. S. , Welter R.
Published: September 2014

C26.25H20.5Cl0.5NiN6O4, monoclinic, C12/c1 (no. 15), a = 25.707(1) Å, b = 14.768(1) Å, c = 18.312(1) Å, β = 132.30(5)°, V = 5142.1 Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.060, wRref(F2) = 0.176, T = 173 K.
Crystal structure of (2-aminopyrimidine)-(pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylato)- copper(II) trihydrate, Cu(C4H5N3)(C7H3NO4) · 3H2O
Authors: Altin E. , Kirchmaier R. , Lentz A.
Published: September 2014

C11H14CuN4O7, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 7.522(2) Å, b = 9.754(3) Å, c = 11.349(3) Å, α = 108.87(3)°, β = 96.53(3)°, γ = 111.55(3)°, V = 706.8 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.027, wRref(F2) = 0.063, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of (4SR,4aSR)-1-acetyl-4-hydroxy-4,8-dimethyl-1,2,3,4, 4a,7-hexahydroquinoline, C13H19NO2
Authors: Gross S. , Brüdgam I. , Hartl H. , Reißig H.-U.
Published: September 2014

C13H19NO2, monoclinic, P121/c1 (no. 14), a = 8.399(2) Å, b = 17.386(5) Å, c = 9.043(2) Å, β = 113.872(4)°, V = 1207.6 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.054, wRref(F2) = 0.167, T = 213 K.
Crystal structure of N,N′,N′′-tris(2-pyridinyl)phosphoric triamide, (NC5H4NH)3PO
Authors: Gholivand K. , Alavi M. D. , Pourayoubi M.
Published: September 2014

C15H15N6OP, monoclinic, P121/n1 (no. 14), a = 10.558(2) Å, b = 13.448(2) Å, c = 21.814(4) Å, β = 92.314(4)°, V = 3094.6 Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.051, wRref(F2) = 0.101, T = 120 K.
Crystal structure of diaqua-bis(pyrazole)-μ2-squarato(1,3)nickel(II), Ni(C4O4)(C3H4N2)2(H2O)2
Authors: Kirchmaier R. , Altin E. , Lentz A.
Published: September 2014

C10H12N4NiO6, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 11.890(3) Å, b = 7.909(2) Å, c = 14.664(4) Å, V = 1378.9 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.028, wRref(F2) = 0.068, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of sulfatobis{2-[N-(2-hydroxyethylaminoethyl)iminomethyl] phenolatozinc(II)}, [(ZnC11H15N2O2)2SO4]
Authors: Qiu X.-Y. , Liu Q.-X. , Wang Z.-G. , Lin Y.-S. , Zeng W.-J. , Fun H.-K. , Zhu H.-L.
Published: September 2014

C22H30N4O8SZn2, monoclinic, P121/c1 (no. 14), a = 8.2666(6) Å, b = 23.229(2) Å, c = 13.7531(9) Å, β = 102.329(1)°, V = 2580.1 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.050, wRref(F2) = 0.114, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of bis(4-aminopyridine)silver(I) bis(3-nitrobenzoato)- silver(I) dihydrate, Ag(C5H6N2)2[Ag(C7H4NO4)2] · 2H2O
Authors: Ma J.-L. , Zou Y. , Meng F.-J. , Lin Y.-S. , Wang Z.-G. , Zhu H.-L.
Published: September 2014

C24H24Ag2N6O10, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 3.807(3) Å, b = 11.55(1) Å, c = 16.21(1) Å, α = 74.17(1)°, β = 84.75(1)°, γ = 89.89(1)°, V = 682.6 Å3, Z = 1, Rgt(F) = 0.045, wRref(F2) = 0.153, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of {1-benzyl-2-[(4-nitrobenzyl)sulfanyl]-1H-imidazol-5-yl}- methanol, C18H17N3O3S
Authors: Ramazani A. , Marandi F. , Souldozi A. , Jalilian A. R.
Published: September 2014

C18H17N3O3S, monoclinic, P121/c1 (no. 14), a = 15.705(2) Å, b = 12.083(2) Å, c = 9.368(1) Å, β = 102.404(3)°, V = 1736.3 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.078, wRref(F2) = 0.226, T = 120 K.
Crystal structure of dimethyl 1,1-diacetyl-8a-hydroxy-8-oxo-1,2,8,8a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[ a]indene-2,3-dicarboxylate, C20H18O8
Authors: Ramazani A.
Published: September 2014

C20H18O8, orthorhombic, Fdd2 (no. 43), a = 19.060(4) Å, b = 35.937(7) Å, c = 10.571(2) Å, V = 7240.6 Å3, Z = 16, Rgt(F) = 0.056, wRref(F2) = 0.139, T = 110 K.
Crystal structure of chlorodimethyl(2-aminoethanethiolato)tin(IV), (NH2CH2CH2S)SnCl(CH3)2
Authors: Couce M. D. , Faraglia G. , Russo U. , Graziani R. , Valle G.
Published: September 2014

C4H12ClNSSn, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 11.422(2) Å, b = 11.475(2) Å, c = 13.582(2) Å, V = 1780.2 Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.057, wRref(F2) = 0.147, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of (η4-norborna-2,5-dien)-(1,2-bis((R,R)-2,5-bis- (methoxymethyl)phospholanyl)benzene)rhodium(I) tetrafluoroborate, [Rh(C22H36O4P2)(C7H8)](BF4)
Authors: Holz J. , Börner A. , Spannenberg A. , Pribbenow C. , Heller D. , Drexler H.-J.
Published: September 2014

C29H44BF4O4P2Rh, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 10.119(2) Å, b = 14.125(3) Å, c = 11.542(2) Å, β = 106.87(3)°, V = 1578.7 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.034, wRref(F2) = 0.090, T = 200 K.
Refinement of the crystal structure of diniobium trisoxydisulfate hydrate, Nb2O3(SO4)2 · 0.25H2O
Authors: Ewald B. , Prots Yu. , Boström M.
Published: September 2014

H0.5Nb2O11.25S2, trigonal, R3̅ (no. 148), a = 10.378(2) Å, c = 26.540(5) Å, V = 2475.7 Å3, Z = 24, Rgt(F) = 0.031, wRref(F2) = 0.072, T = 295 K.
Crystal structure of dirubidium aquapentachlorochromate(III), Rb2[CrCl5(H2O)]
Authors: Mi J.-X. , Zhou X. , Zhang H. , Mao S.-Y. , Zhao J.-T.
Published: September 2014

Cl5CrH2ORb2, orthorhombic, Pnma (no. 62), a = 13.8123(5) Å, b = 9.7705(4) Å, c = 7.1522(4) Å, V = 965.2 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.038, wRref(F2) = 0.073, T = 295 K.
Crystal structure of (diphenylphosphinoyl)phenylmethanol, C19H17O2P
Authors: Lan K. , Chen X.-L.
Published: September 2014

C19H17O2P, monoclinic, P121/n1 (no. 14), a = 11.239(4) Å, b = 6.310(2) Å, c = 22.157(8) Å, β = 92.091(7)°, V = 1570.3Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.041, wRref(F2) = 0.114, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of trans-dichloro-1,3-propanediamine-bis[(2-methoxyethyl) diphenylphosphine]ruthenium(II), RuCl2(C3H10N2)(C15H17OP)2
Authors: Warad I. , Al-Resayes S. , Eichele K.
Published: September 2014

C33H44Cl2N2O2P2Ru, monoclinic, P121/c1 (no. 14), a = 13.278(1) Å, b = 10.315(1) Å, c = 24.825(3) Å, β = 90.340(8)°, V = 3400.1 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.023, wRref(F2) = 0.059, T = 173 K.
Crystal structure of bis(N-(2-aminoethyl)salicylaldiminato)iron(III) isothiocyanide, [Fe(C9H11N2O)2][NCS]
Authors: Feng X. , Han X. , Wang L.-Y.
Published: September 2014

C19H22FeN5O2S, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 9.613(1) Å, b = 9.913(1) Å, c = 10.869(2) Å, α = 84.958(2)°, β = 89.047(2)°, γ = 86.098(1)°, V = 1029.3 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.038, wRref(F2) = 0.099, T = 291 K.
Crystal structure of ethanolammonium dioxo-(N-(2-ethanolato)- 2-oxy-3-methoxybenzaldiminato-O,N,O′)vanadate(V), (NH3CH2CH2OH)[VO2{(C6H4(OCH3)(O)CHNCCH2CH2O}]
Authors: Feng J.-N. , Zhou Y.-Z. , Zhu H.-J. , Tu S.-J.
Published: September 2014

C12H19N2O6V, monoclinic, P121/c1 (no. 14), a = 8.986(2) Å, b = 13.168(2) Å, c = 13.243(2) Å, β = 108.677(2)°, V = 1484.6 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.031, wRref(F2) = 0.083, T = 294 K.
Crystal structure of rel-(3aR,6aS)-6-methyl-3,6a-diphenyl-3a,4,6,6atetrahydro- isoxazolo[5,4-c]isoxazole, C17H16N2O2
Authors: Frey W. , Shiva S. , Jäger V.
Published: September 2014

C17H16N2O2, orthorhombic, Pca21 (no. 29), a = 5.6406(8) Å, b = 30.292(4) Å, c = 16.925(3) Å, V = 2891.9 Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.084, wRref(F2) = 0.236, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of (phenanthroline-N,N′)-N-carbamoylmethyl-iminodiacetato- copper(II) dihydrate, [Cu(C6H8N2)(C12H8N2)] · 2H2O
Authors: Cheng M.-Q. , Ma L.-F. , Wang L.-Y.
Published: September 2014

C18H20CuN4O7, monoclinic, P121/c1 (no. 14), a = 8.802(1) Å, b = 22.493(3) Å, c = 9.885(1) Å, β = 97.163(2)°, V = 1941.8Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.033, wRref(F2) = 0.096, T = 291 K.
Crystal structure of pentamethylpyrylium triiodide, [(CH3)5C5O][I3]
Authors: Guo S. , Hauptmann R. , Beyer C. , Kollmann T. , Schneider J. J.
Published: September 2014

C10H15I3O, orthorhombic, Pnma (no. 62), a = 13.750(3) Å, b = 7.288(2) Å, c = 15.140(3) Å, V = 1517.2 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.031, wRref(F2) = 0.071, T = 150 K.
Crystal structure of aquabis(acrylato-O,O')(1,10-phenanthroline-N,N′)- cadmium(II), Cd(H2O)(C3H3O2)2(C12H10N2)
Authors: Cai T.-J. , Jiang W.-J. , Peng Z.-S. , Long Y.-F. , Deng Q.
Published: September 2014

C18H15CdN2O5, monoclinic, P121/n1 (no. 14), a = 9.9973(5) Å, b = 9.0433(4) Å, c = 19.4849(8) Å, β = 101.235(2)°, V = 1727.9 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.025, wRref(F2) = 0.065, T = 273 K.
Crystal structure of bis(acetato-O,O′)bis(μ-acetato-O,O′)bis(κ3N-antipyrine- O]tetraoxodiuranium, U2O4(CH3COO)4[C6H5N2C3(CH3)2HO]2
Authors: Bekaert A. , Lemoine P. , Brion J. D. , Viossat B.
Published: September 2014

C30H36N4O14U2, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 8.989(9) Å, b = 9.709(3) Å, c = 12.22(1) Å, α = 112.94(5)°, β = 92.84(7)°, γ = 110.61(8)°, V = 897.5 Å3, Z = 1, Rgt(F) = 0.043, wRref(F2) = 0.120, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of 1-(2-bromoethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole, C6H8BrN3O2
Authors: Balliano T. L. , Pereira M. A. , De Simone C. A. , Malta V. R. S. , Velasquez N. , Cioletti A. G , Goulart M. O. F.
Published: September 2014

C6H8BrN3O2, monoclinic, P121/a1 (no. 14), a = 6.3952(2) Å, b = 11.1267(3) Å, c = 12.0785(4) Å, β = 97.274(2)°, V = 852.6 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.047, wRref(F2) = 0.128, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of bis[N-cyclopropyl-5-nitrosalicylaldiminato]copper(II), Cu[(C3H5NCH)(O)C6H3(NO2)]2
Authors: Han X.-Q. , Yue G.-R.
Published: September 2014

C20H18CuN4O6, monoclinic, P121/c1 (no. 14), a = 11.365(1) Å, b = 16.863(2) Å, c = 11.257(1) Å, β = 113.223(1)°, V = 1982.6 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.035, wRref(F2) = 0.083, T = 298 K.
The PRIMARA study: a prospective, descriptive, observational study to review cinacalcet use in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism in clinical practice
Authors: Schwarz P , Body J J , Cáp J , Hofbauer L C , Farouk M , Gessl A , Kuhn J M , Marcocci C , Mattin C , Muñoz Torres M , Payer J , Van De Ven A , Yavropoulou M , Selby P
Published: September 2014

Objective

Medical management of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is important in patients for whom surgery is inappropriate. We aimed to describe clinical profiles of adults with PHPT receiving cinacalcet.

Design

A descriptive, prospective, observational study in hospital and specialist care centres.

Methods

For patients with PHPT, aged 23–92 years, starting cinacalcet treatment for the first time, information was collected on dosing pattern, biochemistry and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Initial cinacalcet dosage and subsequent dose changes were at the investigator's discretion.

Results

Of 303 evaluable patients with PHPT, 134 (44%) had symptoms at diagnosis (mostly bone pain (58) or renal stones (50)). Mean albumin-corrected serum calcium (ACSC) at baseline was 11.4 mg/dl (2.9 mmol/l). The reasons for prescribing cinacalcet included: surgery deemed inappropriate (35%), patient declined surgery (28%) and surgery failed or contraindicated (22%). Mean cinacalcet dose was 43.9 mg/day (s.d., 15.8) at treatment start and 51.3 mg/day (31.8) at month 12; 219 (72%) patients completed 12 months treatment. The main reason for cinacalcet discontinuation was parathyroidectomy (40; 13%). At 3, 6 and 12 months from the start of treatment, 63, 69 and 71% of patients, respectively, had an ACSC of ≤10.3 mg/dl vs 9.9% at baseline. Reductions from baseline in ACSC of ≥1 mg/dl were seen in 56, 63 and 60% of patients respectively. ADRs were reported in 81 patients (27%), most commonly nausea. A total of 7.6% of patients discontinued cinacalcet due to ADRs.

Conclusions

Reductions in calcium levels of ≥1 mg/dl was observed in 60% of patients 12 months after initiation of cinacalcet, without notable safety concerns.
Antiprogestins in gynecological diseases
Authors: Goyeneche Alicia A , Telleria Carlos M
Published: September 2014

Antiprogestins constitute a group of compounds, developed since the early 1980s, that bind progesterone receptors with different affinities. The first clinical uses for antiprogestins were in reproductive medicine, e.g., menstrual regulation, emergency contraception, and termination of early pregnancies. These initial applications, however, belied the capacity for these compounds to interfere with cell growth. Within the context of gynecological diseases, antiprogestins can block the growth of and kill gynecological-related cancer cells, such as those originating in the breast, ovary, endometrium, and cervix. They can also interrupt the excessive growth of cells giving rise to benign gynecological diseases such as endometriosis and leiomyomata (uterine fibroids). In this article, we present a review of the literature providing support for the antigrowth activity that antiprogestins impose on cells in various gynecological diseases. We also provide a summary of the cellular and molecular mechanisms reported for these compounds that lead to cell growth inhibition and death. The preclinical knowledge gained during the past few years provides robust evidence to encourage the use of antiprogestins in order to alleviate the burden of gynecological diseases, either as monotherapies or as adjuvants of other therapies with the perspective of allowing for long-term treatments with tolerable side effects. The key to the clinical success of antiprogestins in this field probably lies in selecting those patients who will benefit from this therapy. This can be achieved by defining the genetic makeup required – within each particular gynecological disease – for attaining an objective response to antiprogestin-driven growth inhibition therapy.

Free Spanish abstract

A Spanish translation of this abstract is freely available athttp://www.reproduction-online.org/content/149/1/R15/suppl/DC1.
Impact of animal-assisted intervention on rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injury
Authors: Zsoldos Amanda , Sátori Ágnes , Zana Ágnes
Published: September 2014

Introduction: The animal-assisted programs represent an interdisciplinary approach. They can be integrated into preventive, therapeutic and rehabilitative processes as complementary methods. Aim: The aim of the study was to promote the psychological adaptation and social reintegration of patients who suffered spinal cord injury, as well as reducing depression and feelings of isolation caused by the long hospitalization. The hypothesis of the authors was that the animal-assisted intervention method can be effectively inserted into the rehabilitation process of individuals with spinal cord injury as complementary therapy. Methods: 15 adults with spinal cord injury participated in the five-week program, twice a week. Participants first filled out a questionnaire on socio-demographics, and after completion of the program they participated in a short, directed interview with open questions. During the field-work, after observing the participants, qualitative data analysis was performed. Results: The results suggest that the therapeutic animal induced a positive effect on the emotional state of the patients. Participants acquired new skills and knowledge, socialization and group cohesion had been improved. Conclusions: The authors conclude that the animal-assisted activity complemented by therapeutic elements can be beneficial in patients undergoing spinal cord injury rehabilitation and that knowledge obtained from the study can be helpful in the development of a future animal-assisted therapy program for spinal cord injury patients. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(39), 1549–1557.
Isolated aspartate aminotransferase elevation in a young, healthy person. Case report
Authors: Kovács Ferenc , Varga Marina , Szabó Szilárd , Bertók Katalin
Published: September 2014

The authors present diagnostic methods used in a young healthy person who had isolated aspartate aminotransferase elevation. Polyethylene glycol precipitation test, aspartate aminotransferase serum electrophoresis and immunofixation were performed for measuring the macro-aspartate aminotransferase. It was found that aspartate aminotransferase activity in the patient was almost completely eliminated after precipitation of immunoglobulins with polyethylene glycol. In addtion, aspartate aminotransferase migrated in the control samples to the anode while in the patient towards the cathode. Finally, a wider and more intense staining band was visible in the region of immunoglobulin A in the patient sample on the immunofixation gel as compared to the control sample. The authors conclude that that increased aspartate aminotransferase activity was due to macro formation. The elevated level of immunoglobulin A and selective increase of polyclonal immunoglobulin A (κ and λ light chains) indicated that the macro format was created by immunoglobulin A bound to aspartate aminotransferase. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(39), 1558–1562.
How long does a myeloma patient currently wait for the diagnosis in Hungary?
Authors: Varga Gergely , Mikala Gábor , Andrikovics Hajnalka , Masszi Tamás
Published: September 2014

Introduction: Long delays with the diagnosis of myeloma are common. So far there has not been a comprehensive study on this issue in Hungary. Aim: The aim of the authors was to analyze the waiting time from their first symptoms to the diagnosis of myeloma. Method: 193 myeloma patients treated in one large tertiary referral hematology centre in Hungary were included. Results: The median time was 4.1 months (0−35.4) until diagnosis, and 5.2 months (0−35.4) until treatment. The delay was longer in patients with better prognosis (early stage, low cytogenetic risk), in nonsecretory disease and in 5 patients with amyloidosis. There was no significant relationship between the delay and the survival. Conclusions: Considering the results of the present study and earlier literature data, the authors look for possibilities to improve the diagnostic delay. They think that the key to an earlier diagnosis is in the hands of the primary care physicians as they see the patients first and decide whether it is necessary to refer them to further test and to which specialty. Helping them with diagnostic algorithms, clear referring pathways, fast tracking patients with urgent problems, and making serum electrophoresis universally available in the primary care could help to reduce the time that myeloma patients spend waiting. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(39), 1538–1543.
Pliability and deflection of diagnostic catheters
Authors: Pelyhe Liza , Bognár Eszter
Published: September 2014

Introduction: The cardiac catheter is an intravascular catheter, which is introduced or implanted into the heart for diagnostic or therapeutic reasons. The catheters may break or king during their introduction and/or removal. Aim: The aim of the authors was to study the pliability of two catheters with the same material but different diameters according to the Food and Drug Administration’s recommendation. Method: The bending points, diameter decrease, deflection, and their correlation and dependence on the distance from the tip, as well as the influence of the initial diameter of the catheters were determined. The bending of catheters was performed on 9 bending points (120–280 mm from the tip by 20 mm) on 16 gauges with different radius (10–2.5 mm by 0.5 mm). Results: A linear dependency between the diameter decrease and deflection was observed, which was independent from the placement of the measurement in both catheters examined. The larger initial diameter had significant (p = 0.05) greater diameter decrease than the smaller, but the curves characteristic of the diameter decrease and deflection were similar. Conclusions: The applied method seems to be useful for the examination of weak points of cardiac catheters. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(39), 1544–1548.
Nanostructure Fabrication Using Pulsed Lasers and Near-field Optical Properties of Sub-micron Particles
Authors: Zhang L. , Lu Y. F. , Song W. D. , Zheng Y. W. , Luk'yanchuk B. S.
Published: September 2014

Recently, the field of nanoelectonics has evolved into a major area of investigation. In this paper, we present a novel method of nanofabrication using pulsed lasers and near-field optical properties of sub-micron particles. For this purpose, spherical silica particles were deposited on a silicon surface. After laser illumination, hillocks with size of about 150 nm were obtained at the original position of the particles. The mechanism can be explained as the enhancement of light intensity near the contact area. Since the characteristic distance between particles and substrate is smaller than the radiation wavelength and the particle size is of the order of a wavelength, particle does not simply play the role of microfocusing lens as in far-field, but possess optical resonance effect in near-field. In our work, the light intensity on the surface under the spherical particle was calculated by solving the electromagnetic boundary problem “particle on suface”.
Universal Humanism – A Globalization Context is the Classroom of Unheard Options how to Become More Human
Authors: Svetelj Tone
Published: September 2014

Within the context of multi-cultural and multi-religious society, embedded in the process of globalization, a traditional understanding of humanism offers insufficient frameworks for an adequate comprehension of human flourishing and human search for meaning. In addition, modernity frames and evaluates in many aspects insufficiently the incomparable worth of the human person.This article offers some guidelines for further philosophical, theological and pedagogical reflection on a humanism that is more suitable for our life in the process of globalization and modernity. Such humanism continually moves us toward a better comprehension of what “human” means within a universe of divergent cultures, religions, traditions, and races. This humanism is called universal humanism, based on the Greek word kaqolou , comprising both universality and wholeness. The first part of this article analyzes some of the main characteristics of humanism in the Greek and Roman contexts, which provide historical and theoretical frameworks for universal humanism. The second part justifies the relevance and usefulness of such humanism: it helps us to transcend singular cultures, nations, political systems, religions, and, by default, to discover or explore anew the meaning of the human person on a global level. The last part of this article suggests some pedagogical attitudes that will help us to embrace and remain in a dialogical relationship with all of humanity, in order to enrich our comprehension of the incomparable worth of the human person, this time from a universal perspective.
The Urgency for Peace in Teachings of John Paul II
Authors: Lewandowski Jerzy
Published: September 2014

Peace has always been a topic of great importance. Its presence is desired by all nations and societies. It brings the world together in unity. John Paul II considered peace to be an integral part in creation of an independent and healthy society. Papal encyclicals and messages, intended to present the response of the teaching Church to problems that arise from time to time, often dwell on the principles that advocate peace. Since freedom and peace are in many cases a privilege for many nations, the mentioned pope commits himself to speak about the cruelty and evilness of wars and national conflicts. Pope John Paul II denounces intolerance as denial of freedom for many people, and consequently a great threat to peace. The pope teaches that peace has its roots in the family. Yet, in many societies, the family is deprived of the utmost importance that it certainly deserves. Without the adequate means for a decent livelihood, families can experience hardship in committing themselves to promote solidarity and a proper social fabric worthy of human dignity. For John Paul II, a nation’s freedom and peace are safeguarded and promoted through particular attention and a much-devoted effort by strong and healthy families.
Caritas in Veritate – Love and Truth an Implication of a Good Society
Authors: Młyński Józef
Published: September 2014

Love and truth are the two attributes of a well-functioning society. Unfortunately, these two basic values are often being devalued in the modern world. The reason for this is the lack of a sense of justice. Especially because in the social and cultural context the truth is often relativized. In this context it is worth analysing the Pope Benedict XVI’s encyclical Caritas in Veritate , in which one should pay attention to a construction of the society in which today’s human person lives.Love and truth are the two attributes of a good society in with each human is equipped. From the very beginning, the human person is called to be directed by love and truth. He or she is called to this truth by his or her Christian life and ontic dimension of his or her nature. Society without love and truth will be threatened with agony, because it will not only stop developing but also its wrongly understood economical status will become a road to nowhere. That is why we should definitely accept the thesis that homo economicus must convert into homo religiosus in the name of love and truth, so that society will be good. Let love in truth leads to a good society, which the whole world is for us.
Juan Pablo II y las Conferencias episcopales: comunión y colegialidad
Authors: Bunge Alejandro W.
Published: September 2014

John Paul II has presented the Bishops’ Conference both in his large teaching about bishop’s ministry and his legislative role. In his genuine teaching about that, Pope using precise theological and legal terms, strengthen the theological and juridical nature of the Bishops’ Conferences. In this article a detailed analysis is made of the first fifteen years of teaching of the Pope John Paul II about the Episcopal Conferences communion and collegiality. The main sources of this paper are Apostolic Letter Apostolos Suos, that clarifies the theological and legal nature of Bishops’ Conferences, and Directory for the Pastoral Ministry of Bishops Apostolorum Successores, which refers to Bishops’ Conferences as instruments of communion in the Church and alive expression of bishop collegiality at the extent that it is their responsibility.
Dans le Christ Jésus: l’oeuvre du salut comme la réalisation de la communion. dans les dimensions verticale et horizontale
Authors: Misztal Wojciech
Published: September 2014

The theme “In Christ Jesus: the mystery of salvation as accomplishment of the unity in its dimensions vertical and horizontal” will concern these following points: 1) redemption as multiple realization of God’s blessing, as multiple realization of paternity; 2) the Son of God and the mystery of adoption of the creature beings; 3) the divine gift of the communion in Christ; 4) the accomplishment of God’s and creature’s purpose: the concept of the new creation.
Die Verantwortungsethik als Weg in die Zukunft
Authors: Drożdż Michał
Published: September 2014

The basic concept in the philosophy of Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker is the concept of time. Playing the dominant role in the thought and philosophy of Weizsäcker, the concept is the point of departure for an attempt to find ways to cognize and recreate the unity of Nature, to understand “the unity of physics” and its reconstruction in the neo-Kantian spirit, as well as seek and analyse conditions of the possibilities of science and its ethical dimension. In this context Weizsäcker analyses relations between the structure of time and the ethical responsibility of a man practising science. The present study aims to demonstrate the basic elements of this relation as the foundation of the ethics of scientific research. Responsible scientific research is only possible when men operating within the field are guided by objective principles of the ethics of responsibility.
Faith According to Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger
Authors: Zyzak Wojciech
Published: September 2014

The subject of this article is faith according to Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, the present Pope Benedict XVI. At the beginning the author presents the Cardinal’s diagnosis of the state of faith in the contemporary world. Joseph Ratzinger shows both positive and negative features of this state. After having presented the sociological aspect, the author deals with the essence of the faith according to Ratzinger. The further analysis concern the sacramental dimension of the Christian faith. Because the real faith is necessarily the faith of the Church, the article also indicates its communion dimension. The author additionally discusses a very important topic concerning the relation of faith to reason and truth. At the end of the article the reader can find the teaching of Cardinal about the relation between faith and history.
Non-verbal Communication and Communicative Understanding of the Liturgy and Liturgical Signs in the Light of Charles Sanders Peirce’s Theory of Signs
Authors: Krajnc Slavko , Gerjolj Stanko
Published: September 2014

The human person as a “triadic” creature needs ritual at all three levels −  physical, psychological and spiritual − of his or her being. At the physical level, ritual serves as support for a healthier life-style. At the psychological level, ritual regulates intrapersonal and interpersonal communicatio. At the level of spirituality, it places him or her in the context of transcendence and “recent aims” and both individually and communally gives meaning to human life. Therefore, the author of the paper first This paper starts by considering the human person as a ritual creature that already with his body requires certain ritual acts and various forms of nonverbal communication. In the central part of the discussion, the author focuses on Peirce’s theory of signs and presents it as one model suitable for understanding and explaining liturgical signs. This is an interesting understanding of religious signs, which encourages an interpretative relationship between the human person and the liturgy, its signs and contents.
Understanding the Changing Landscape of Contemporary Spirituality.: A useful starting point for reviewing Catholic school religious education
Authors: Rossiter Graham
Published: September 2014

Pope John Paul II, following in the steps of his predecessors, strongly advocated the critical appraisal of the influence of culture on people’s spirituality. This article responds to his directive by seeking to develop an interpretation of how and why contemporary spirituality has changed that will better inform the work of religious educators in Catholic schools. A number of constructs like secularisation, privatisation of religion etc. have been used to describe the significant change in spirituality of many of the young people in Australian Catholic schools over the last 50 years from a more traditional religious spirituality to something that is more secular, eclectic and individualistic. To some extent, this change has been acknowledged; but the religion curricula in Catholic schools still give the impression that all of the students are, or should be, regular church goers – as if Sunday mass attendance was to be the end point of their education in spirituality. An interpretation of change in spirituality in terms of change in cultural meanings has been developed for the purpose of understanding contemporary spiritualities in other than a deficit model. Such an interpretation may be more persuasive in getting Catholic education authorities and religious educators firstly to accept, rather than condemn or ignore, the significant change in contemporary spiritualty; and then secondly, to take steps to address this change positively and constructively in the Catholic school religion curriculum. This article is concerned with the first step – understanding contemporary spirituality; it is intended that the second question will be considered in a follow up article.
Pour un approfondissement de la catéchese en Pologne ... Un essai de relecture a partir du « Texte national pour l’orientation de la catéchese en France et principes d’organisation » (2006) de l’Épiscopat français
Authors: Skłodowski Bogdan
Published: September 2014

Catechesis is a dynamic process. The Church is constantly looking for new solutions to make it more effective. Catechesis is so closely connected to its surrounding milieu that it is not usually possible to use ready-made solutions from abroad. However, one must not exclude the possibility of drawing inspiration from the experience of other countries. Holding to this conviction, the author attempts to re-read Polish catechesis in the light of an official catechetical document by the French bishops: “Texte national pour l’orientation de la catéchèse en France et principes d’organisation” (2006). The reading of the French document permits the author to formulate some propositions for catechesis in Poland: to develop parish catechesis for children, youth and adults; to accentuate the relationship between catechesis and liturgy; to verify the place and role of the Word of God in catechesis.
Some Remarks on the Theological Interpretation of the Theory of Evolution
Authors: Pabjan Tadeusz
Published: September 2014

This paper deals with the problem of alleged conflict between the theological idea of the creation of man by God and the scientific theories that explain the origin of the human body referring to the process of evolution. It is argued that there is no contradiction between these two domains and that there is no real conflict between the idea of creation and the theory of evolution. At first, the conception of evolution is introduced. Afterwards, the evolutionary creationism is presented as the theological doctrine which claims that God created man, using for this purpose mechanisms of evolution. It is argued that the Biblical account of creation must not be understood literally and that during the lecture of this account one should respect the interpretative principle of St. Augustine concerning metaphorical sense of some Biblical texts. Finally, a “method” of explaining of the emergence of the human body by a direct action of God (“God of the gaps”) is criticized.
The Hinge of Salvation: Body, Liturgy, and Bioethics
Authors: Sikorski John Christopher
Published: September 2014

Dominant trends within the philosophical debate over personhood and identity tend to discount the significance and meaning of the human body and often slip into dualistic conceptions. I will argue that a Catholic theology of the body challenges many of the prevalent understandings in bioethics today. Such a notion takes Christ’s Incarnation as its foundation and seeks to develop an account of the human body in the context of the call to communion imprinted on humanity as made in the image of the Trinitarian communion of love. Such a conception counteracts forms of utilitarian or technological reductionism of the person. While Catholic bioethicists will need to consider how such an account will have practical applicability to cases, the call to communion ought to be fostered through the liturgical life of the Church, which enables Catholic bioethicists to develop a liturgical worldview that guards against devaluations of the dignity of the human person.
Nuevos Movimientos Eclesiales
Authors: Figueiredo Rodrigues Luis Miguel
Published: September 2014

The new ecclesial movements have a particular focus in recent times in the Church, and have come to be known as the Spring of the Spirit. This article addresses this reality, their characteristics and their potential. It highlights the pastoral opportunity to live and profess the apostolic faith in an ever more authentic way.
Der gesellschaftlich-kulturelle Kontext der aktuellen Gefährdungen fü.r.. die religiöse Erziehung und Bildung in der Familie
Authors: Stala Józef
Published: September 2014

In a society shaken by tensions and conflicts caused by the clash of various kinds of individualism and selfishness, children need to be enriched with a sense of the personal dignity of each individual, true love and sincere service to the others, especially the poorest and those in most need. The family is the first and fundamental school of upbringing: as a community of life and love. Every Christian family finds its mission received from God in self-giving that inspires the love of husband and wife for each other and the self-giving that is practiced in the relationships between brothers and sisters and the different generations living together in the family. The author of this article shows the actual threats to religious upbringing and education in the family with special attention given to the postmodern socio-cultural context. He also highlights financial, social, moral and religious crisis influencing the family life and education. Then asks for the roots of these negative phenomena and searches for the pedagogical solution.
From Listening to Hearing the Message
Authors: Vodičar Janez
Published: September 2014

Evangelizing is searching for an appropriate language to hand on Revelation. Demonstrated is a possible use of linguistic theories and educationally-developmental understandings of Vigotsky, to reach an increasingly isolated human. A selfcentered human being (autologous) has a difficult time understanding others and is thus becoming more empty-like he has no purpose. Evangelizing, which brings Revelation, a language of Another, becomes necessary to free the modern human for dectological sphere. Even though authology has become a part of approaches of evangelization, pastoral care has to become more dectological. The possibility of becoming open to transcendental in immanence of a subject is shown through three types of passivity in the philosophy of P. Ricoeur. Thus we see compatibility of new methods of evangelizing with the old ones. The best solution for modern evangelizing is shown in the community of the Church, which contains all of the necessary language for accepting the revelation of God as well as our neighbor. This way our God and our neighbor will be heard in the world, which firmly stands by freedom and autonomy.
Genocide in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia 1943–1944
Authors: Naleźniak Paweł
Published: September 2014

Ukrainian nationalists tried to de-polonize the South-Eastern Borderlands by means of mass genocide and they achieved this goal to a great extent. That, however, puts them on a par with the criminal regimes of Joseph Stalin and Adolf Hitler. The author of this article describes the genocide of Polish inhabitants in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia committed by the Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists (Orhanizatsiya Ukrayins’kykh Natsionalistiv, OUN) and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (Ukrainska Povstanska Armiya, UPA) between 1943 and 1944. These events in European history are not well-known.
The Genocide of Chechens in the Context of Russian-Chechen Conflict – a Historical Outline
Authors: Nadskakuła Olga
Published: September 2014

The purpose of this article is to present the genesis of the Chechen-Russian conflict, including the genocide of Chechens. The analysis explains how the aggressive actions of the Russian authorities were supposed to deal with “the strongest and most dangerous nation” of the Caucasus, in order to subjugate this region. Russian behaviour proves that their priority over the centuries was not an assimilation of Chechens and the peaceful solution of the conflict, but rather an “imperial” dimension of the strife, or to be exact, the ultimate conquest of the Caucasus, even if it would mean the extermination of the Chechen nation.