bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Turbulence intensity and spatial scales of turbulence after hydraulic jump over scour hole in rectangular channel
Authors: Kozioł Adam , Urbański Janusz , Kiczko Adam , Krukowski Marcin , Siwicki Piotr , Kalenik Marek
Published: November 2017

The study presents experimental investigations of spatial turbulence intensity and scales of turbulent eddies (macroeddies) in a rectangular channel and the impact of the hydraulic jump on their vertical and streamwise distributions over a flat and scoured bed. The results of four tests and two different discharge rates are presented. Intensive mixing caused by the hydraulic jump has an impact on the instantaneous velocity, turbulence intensity and sizes of macroeddies, as well as their vertical and longitudinal distributions along the channel. The largest differences in turbulence characteristics were reported directly after the hydraulic jump, above the eroded bed. The interaction between the stream of the increased turbulence and the bed is a direct cause of formation of scour downstream water structures, which has a great effect on overall flow characteristics. The scour hole that arose downstream the jump moderated, in a small degree, the turbulence intensity at its end. Just next to the hydraulic jump only the small longitudinal relative sizes of macroeddies were present, while at the end of the analyzed reach, downstream of the scour, the relative scale reached around 1.5 depth of the stream.
Simulations of coupled non-isothermal soil moisture transport and evaporation fluxes in a forest area
Authors: Shao Wei , Su Ye , Langhammer Jakub
Published: November 2017

This study focuses on the quantification of non-isothermal soil moisture transport and evaporation fluxes in vegetated area. A one-dimensional numerical model is developed by integrating a multi-phase flow model with a twolayer energy-balance model. The non-isothermal multi-phase flow model solves four governing equations for coupled air, vapour, moisture, and heat transport in soil porous medium. The two-layer energy balance model estimates evaporation fluxes from transpiration, interception, and soil surface. The model was implemented to an oak forest area in Missouri, USA. For model calibration and validation, measurements of energy fluxes, soil moisture, and soil temperature were used. The proposed model is compared with a simple model that couples the Penman-Monteith equation with the Richards’ equation. The results indicate that the simple model underestimate the total evaporation rate. On the contrary, the proposed model includes a more detailed description of energy transfer, which could improve the accuracy in estimating evaporation rates. The proposed model could be a promising tool to quantify the energy and moisture fluxes in a soil-vegetation-atmosphere continuum in vegetated area.
Explicit finite-difference solution of two-dimensional solute transport with periodic flow in homogenous porous media
Authors: Djordjevich Alexandar , Savović Svetislav , Janićijević Aco
Published: November 2017

The two-dimensional advection-diffusion equation with variable coefficients is solved by the explicit finitedifference method for the transport of solutes through a homogenous two-dimensional domain that is finite and porous. Retardation by adsorption, periodic seepage velocity, and a dispersion coefficient proportional to this velocity are permitted. The transport is from a pulse-type point source (that ceases after a period of activity). Included are the firstorder decay and zero-order production parameters proportional to the seepage velocity, and periodic boundary conditions at the origin and at the end of the domain. Results agree well with analytical solutions that were reported in the literature for special cases. It is shown that the solute concentration profile is influenced strongly by periodic velocity fluctuations. Solutions for a variety of combinations of unsteadiness of the coefficients in the advection-diffusion equation are obtainable as particular cases of the one demonstrated here. This further attests to the effectiveness of the explicit finite difference method for solving two-dimensional advection-diffusion equation with variable coefficients in finite media, which is especially important when arbitrary initial and boundary conditions are required.
Drought impact on ground beetle assemblages (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in Norway spruce forests with different management after windstorm damage – a case study from Tatra Mts. (Slovakia)
Authors: Šustek Zbyšek , Vido Jaroslav , Škvareninová Jana , Škvarenina Jaroslav , Šurda Peter
Published: November 2017

After the windstorm of November 2004, the ground beetle assemblages (Coleoptera, Carabidae) differentiated after the windstorm into four groups reflecting degree of damaging and forestry management (intact stand, fallen timber in situ, extracted timber, fire). The stand with fallen timber reduced abundances of original species. Removal of timber eliminated sensitive forest species and favored tolerant species, whereas the fire allowed invasions of field species. Later, the assemblages on burned sites converged to those in the unburned sites. Their restoration has a sigmoid-like course. Independently on the above differentiation and course assemblage succession, episodes of severe drought resulted with a 1-2-years delay in sudden decline of number of individuals and species. Their numbers were restoring after longer humid periods. Because these extremes occur with a considerable regularity, the observed extremes of fluctuations of number of species and individuals represent the variability limits of the Carabid assemblages in such conditions. The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index was shown, using the cross-correlation of SPEI and number of individuals and species of Carabids, as a suitable means to explain and predict such changes for the period of 1-2 years.
Thyroid evaluation of children and adolescents with Williams syndrome in Zhejiang Province
Authors: Chen Wei-Jun , Ji Chai , Yao Dan , Zhao Zheng-Yan
Published: November 2017

Background:

The objective of the study was to describe the prevalence of abnormal thyroid function and volume in children and adolescents with Williams syndrome (WS) in Zhejiang Province, China.

Methods:

Thyroid function, including thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), and thyroid antibodies (thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin) were measured in 83 patients with WS, aged 0.2–16.5 years. Twenty-three patients were followed for an average of 1.7 years (0.4–4.1), and multiple TSH determinations were considered. Thyroid ultrasonography was performed on 49 patients.

Results:

One patient was diagnosed with overt hypothyroidism, and 23 patients (27%) had subclinical hypothyroidism (SH). Thyroid antibodies were absent in all patients. In five age groups (0–1 years, 1–3 years, 3–6 years, 6–9 years, 9–18 years), the prevalence of patients with subclinical hypothyroidism was 25%, 28.5%, 44.4%, 16.7% and 4.7%, respectively. Through ultrasound examination, 21 patients (42%) were observed to have thyroid hypoplasia (TH), and there were no cases of thyroid haemiagenesis. The incidence rate of TH increased with age, rising from 20% in the youngest group to 66% in the oldest.

Conclusions:

SH and TH is common in children and adolescents with WS. Yearly evaluation of thyroid must be performed in all patients in this population, regardless of the result of the neonatal screening. Age under 6 years and existing thyroid abnormalities are risk factors for developing SH, and a shorter follow-up interval is needed for screening in these individuals, SH is often self-limiting, and clinicians should be alert to overt hypothyroidism.
High aldosterone and cortisol levels in salt wasting congenital adrenal hyperplasia: a clinical conundrum
Authors: Boddu Sirisha Kusuma , Madhavan Sheeja
Published: November 2017

Background:

Salt wasting syndrome (hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, dehydration, metabolic acidosis) in early infancy could be caused by either mineralocorticoid deficiency as in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and adrenal insufficiency or mineralocorticoid resistance as in pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA). In salt wasting CAH, serum aldosterone and cortisol levels are expected to be low. Cross reactivity between high levels of adrenal steroid precursors and aldosterone has recently been reported resulting in elevated aldosterone levels in CAH, leading to difficulty in differentiating between CAH and PHA.

Case presentation:

We report four such cases of salt wasting CAH, where high aldosterone levels and high normal cortisol levels led to initial diagnostic confusion with PHA. Diagnosis of CAH was later established on the basis of significantly elevated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulated 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) values.

Conclusions:

By reporting these cases we draw attention to the possibility that high levels of adrenal steroid precursors can cross react with aldosterone and cortisol, and underscore the significance of ACTH stimulated 17-OHP values in differentiating CAH and PHA.
Etiologies of short stature in a pediatric endocrine clinic in Southern Thailand
Authors: Saengkaew Tansit , McNeil Edward , Jaruratanasirikul Somchit
Published: November 2017

Background:

Short stature is one of the common disorders referred for investigation of an endocrine disorder. The etiologies of short stature vary and are commonly grouped into pathological and non-pathological disorders. The objective of the study was to determine the etiologies and describe the characteristics of short stature patients who attended the Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic and to compare factors between normal variant short stature (NVSS) and growth hormone deficiency (GHD).

Methods:

This was a retrospective review of 572 patients referred for evaluation of short stature between January 2004 and December 2015. Short stature was defined as height below −2 standard deviation score (SDS) by gender and age based on population data of Thai children.

Results:

In total, 521 patients were identified as having short stature. NVSS was the most common etiology (44.9%) and pathological short stature was found in 35.3% of the cases, of which 21.2% had GHD. The median age at presentation of NVSS patients was 8.6 years while that of pathological short stature patients was 2.1 years (p<0.001). Patients with NVSS had significantly higher median height SDS (HSDS) than patients with pathological diseases. The common etiologies in severe short patients, defined by HSDS ≤−3, were syndromic short stature (16.2%) and GHD (14.1%). In the moderate short stature group (HSDS between −2 and −3), constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP) was the most common etiology (34.1%).

Conclusions:

NVSS was the most common etiology of short stature, followed by syndromic short stature and GHD. Physical examination is crucial to identify GHD from syndromic short patients.
Marine-Lenhart syndrome in two adolescents, including one with thyroid cancer: a case series and review of the literature
Authors: Sharma Animesh
Published: November 2017

Background:

The coexistence of functional thyroid nodules and Graves’ disease (GD) is a rare condition known as Marine-Lenhart syndrome. Thyroid cancer has been described in several adults, but never in children, with Marine-Lenhart syndrome. This paper discusses the challenges in diagnosis and the unique management of this condition in children, in the context of extant literature.

Content:

In this case report, two adolescent female patients with Marine-Lenhart syndrome, aged 15 and 16 years, exhibited biochemical evidence of hyperthyroidism, and were found to have unilateral hyperfunctioning thyroid nodules via thyroid scintigraphy. Additionally, both patients showed elevated thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) and increased glandular activity, confirming background GD. Notably, one patient was also diagnosed with intranodular thyroid cancer upon preoperative examination. Both patients were treated via surgical resection.

Summary and outlook:

Diagnosis of Marine-Lenhart syndrome can be made in patients with functional thyroid nodules and increased glandular activity on thyroid scintigraphy. Standard doses of radioiodine ablation are not effective in the majority of patients and should be avoided due to the increased risk for thyroid cancer, making thyroidectomy the preferred treatment.
Diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperuricemia and encephalopathy intractable to regular-dose insulin
Authors: Gregory Jillian , Basu Sonali
Published: November 2017

Background:

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in children less than 1 year of age is a rare occurrence. Typical presentation includes a prodrome of weight loss and polyuria with subsequent presentation to medical care when acidosis becomes symptomatic.

Case presentation:

We describe an unusual case of a previously healthy infant with a 3 days’ history of constipation, presenting acutely with abdominal pain, lethargy, and dehydration. On initial evaluation, our patient had profound encephalopathy, with marked tachypnea and work of breathing. Arterial blood gas revealed a pH of 6.9, pCO2 of 20 and a bicarbonate level of <5. There was profound leukocytosis (WBC 77 K/μL), hyperuricemia (uric acid 15.9 mg/dL), and evidence of pre-renal azotemia [blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 54, Cr 0.82]. Blood glucose was >700 mg/dL. Despite fluid resuscitation and insulin infusion of 0.1 unit/kg/h, which are the mainstays of therapy for DKA, her severe metabolic acidosis and altered mental status did not improve. Differential diagnosis for her metabolic derangements included inborn errors of metabolism, insulin receptor defects, toxic ingestions, and septic shock secondary to an underlying oncologic or intra-abdominal process. The patient was treated with broad spectrum antibiotics and rasburicase. She continued to have significant shock for the first 30 h of her hospital stay, requiring moderate vasoactive support. Due to her refractory acidosis and persistent hyperglycemia, insulin infusion was increased to 0.15 units/kg/h. A hemoglobin A

Conclusions:

Metabolic acidosis in an infant requires a broad differential. Rasburicase should be considered in hyperuricemia and DKA.
First record of Dermanura anderseni (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) for the Atlantic Forest
Authors: Rocha Patrício A. , Tavares Valeria da C. , Pedroso Mônica A. , Beltrão-Mendes Raone , Ruiz-Esparza Juan , Ferrari Stephen F.
Published: November 2017

The genusDermanuracurrently comprises 11 species, four of which occur in Brazil.Dermanura anderseniwas previously recorded only in the Amazon and Cerrado biomes. Here, we expand the known geographic distribution ofD. anderseniover 1000 km eastwards for the Atlantic Forest biome. We captured an adult male specimen in mist-nets set at ground level in the Caju Private Natural Heritage Reserve, Itaporanga D’Ajuda, Sergipe State, northeastern Brazil. Owing to their similarities in external morphology,D. andersenimay be easily mistaken forDermanura cinerea. Thus, considering thatD. cinereais one of the most common species in the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil, we are alert for the possibility of misidentified specimens in zoological collections.
EVALUATION OF THE POUNDING FORCES DURING EARTHQUAKE USING EXPLICIT DYNAMIC TIME INTEGRATION METHOD
Authors: Nica George Bogdan , Pricopie Andrei Gheorghe
Published: November 2017

Pounding effects during earthquake is a subject of high significance for structural engineers performing in the urban areas. In this paper, two ways to account for structural pounding are used in a MATLAB code, namely classical stereomechanics approach and nonlinear viscoelastic impact element. The numerical study is performed on SDOF structures acted by ELCentro recording. While most of the studies available in the literature are related to Newmark implicit time integration method, in this study the equations of motion are numerical integrated using central finite difference method, an explicit method, having the main advantage that in the displacement at the ith+1 step is calculated based on the loads from the ith step. Thus, the collision is checked and the pounding forces are taken into account into the equation of motion in an easier manner than in an implicit integration method. First, a comparison is done using available data in the literature. Both linear and nonlinear behavior of the structures during earthquake is further investigated. Several layout scenarios are also investigated, in which one or more weak buildings are adjacent to a stiffer building. One of the main findings in this paper is related to the behavior of a weak structure located between two stiff structures.
Non-exponential and polynomial stability results of a Bresse system with one infinite memory in the vertical displacement
Authors: Guesmia Aissa
Published: November 2017

The asymptotic stability of one-dimensional linear Bresse systems under infinite memories was obtained by Guesmia and Kafini [10] (three infinite memories), Guesmia and Kirane [11] (two infinite memories), Guesmia [9] (one infinite memory acting on the longitudinal displacement) and De Lima Santos et al. [6] (one infinite memory acting on the shear angle displacement). When the kernel functions have an exponential decay at infinity, the obtained stability estimates in these papers lead to the exponential stability of the system if the speeds ofwave propagations are the same, and to the polynomial one with decay rate otherwise. The subject of this paper is to study the case where only one infinite memory is considered and it is acting on the vertical displacement. As far as we know, this case has never studied before in the literature. We show that this case is deeply different from the previous ones cited above by proving that the exponential stability does not hold even if the speeds of wave propagations are the same and the kernel function has an exponential decay at infinity. Moreover, we prove that the system is still stable at least polynomially where the decay rate depends on the smoothness of the initial data. For classical solutions, this decay rate is arbitrarily close to . The proof is based on a combination of the energy method and the frequency domain approach to overcome the new mathematical difficulties generated by our system.
Surface microstructure, optical and electrical properties of spray pyrolyzed PbS and Zn-PbS thin films for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Adeoye Abiodun E. , Ajenifuja Emmanuel , Taleatu Bidini A. , Ogunmola Enoch D. , Omotoso E. , Adeyemi O. , Babatunde O. G.
Published: November 2017

Lead sulphide (PbS) and zinc- doped lead sulphide (Zn-PbS) thin films were prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis on soda lime glass substrates at a temperature of 250 °C. Precursors were prepared from chemical reagents including zinc acetate, lead acetate and thiourea. The deposited films thicknesses and elemental composition were studied by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS); the percentages of Pb and S were estimated as 40.58 % and 59.42 %, respectively, while for the Zn-doped sample, the percentages of Zn, Pb and S were respectively 4.84 %, 44.57 % and 50.59 %. Morphological studies revealed that the films were continuous and the particles were uniformly distributed across the substrate surface. AFM probe revealed nanostructured films with particles densely distributed across the substrates surfaces with incorporation of Zn2+. Statistical distribution of the grains over a specific projected area indicated average growth height of about 47 nm. Optical studies indicated that the transmission in visible light region of Zn-PbS thin film was superior to that of the undoped sample. Interband transition of both PbS and Zn-PbS films is directly allowed and their energy band gaps were found to be 0.43 eV and 1.45 eV, respectively. Electrical characterization showed that both films are of p-type conductivity with surface resistivity values of the order of 104Ω·cm.
Green synthesis of Co3O4/graphene nanocomposite as cathode for magnesium batteries
Authors: Kamar E. M. , Sheha E.
Published: November 2017

Ultrafine Co3O4nanoparticles homogeneously attached to graphene sheets by sonochemical method have been demonstrated as a promising cathode material for magnesium batteries. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) have been employed to characterize the structural properties of this material. SEM analyses clearly confirmed that the Co3O4nanoparticles have been uniformly coated on the entire surface of graphene sheets to form a compact composite. The Co3O4-graphene nanocomposite was employed as a cathode electrode in magnesium-ion batteries, and their electrochemical properties were briefly investigated. The graphene sheets can also effectively buffer the volume change in Co3O4upon magnesium insertion/extraction, thus improving the cycling preformance of the composite electrode. It was revealed that the Co3O4-graphene composite can provide a small capacity of 16 mAh·g-1using a new nonaqueous electrolyte that is tetrahydrofuran-free, which provides a new direction to explore cathode materials for Mg batteries.
Multi-sided metallization of textile fibres by using magnetron system with grounded cathode
Authors: Chodun Rafał , Wicher Bartosz , Skowrński Łukasz , Nowakowska-Langier Katarzyna , Okrasa Sebastian , Grabowski Andrzej , Minikayev Roman , Zdunek Krzysztof
Published: November 2017

The synthesis of coatings on textiles fibers enables functionalization of their properties e.g.: changing the reaction on IR radiation. In our experiment, a magnetron with a grounded cathode and positively biased anode was used as a source of plasma. A ring anode was positioned at 8 cm distance from the cathode. Samples of glass and cotton textile were placed at the plane of the anode. Ti and TiN coatings were deposited by sputtering of titanium target in Ar or Ar+ N2 atmosphere. SEM studies showed that, using the magnetron system described above, the textile fibers were covered by the 2 μm to 3 μm thick coatings. Unexpectedly, the coatings were deposited at both sides of the samples: the front side was exposed to glow discharge plasma and the backside was completely shaded from the plasma. IR optical investigation exhibited significant change in reflectance and transmittance of the coated textiles. The using of standard magnetron system (grounded anode and cathode at negative potential) resulted in a coating deposition at the textile side exposed to the plasma action only. We believe that the multi-sided deposition of coatings observed during the process run with magnetron with grounded cathode is a result of an ambipolar diffusion mechanism in the anodic potential drop region.
First-principles study of mechanical, vibrational and thermodynamic properties of magnetic XC compounds (X = Rb, Sr)
Authors: Lakdja A. , Benzaidi I. , Sayede A. , Chahed A.
Published: November 2017

Lattice dynamic and mechanical properties of hypothetical RbC and SrC compounds were investigated using the ab-initio pseudopotential method and a linear response scheme. The lattice dynamics was studied in the framework of the density functional perturbation theory (DFPT). The dynamical and mechanical stability of the hypothetical RbC and SrC compounds was proved in their equilibrium B1 structure. In addition, the same stability was confirmed in the B3 phase. The thermodynamic properties were also investigated. They exhibited the same trend in both phases, and followed the Debye model. These results were confirmed in the ferromagnetic state, which makes the investigated compounds promising candidates in the spintronic field.
The Myth of Religious Experience Revisited
Authors: Zangwill Nick
Published: November 2017

This article replies to Manuel Fasko’s “The Demystification of Nick Zangwill’s ‘Myth of Religious Experience’” (2017), showing how author’s argument against the possibility of religious experience presented in “The Myth of Religious Experience” (2004) remains in tact.
Novel sulfur containing derivatives of carboranes and metallacarboranes
Authors: Anufriev Sergei A. , Zakharova Maria V. , Stogniy Marina Yu. , Sivaev Igor B. , Bregadze Vladimir I.
Published: November 2017

A series of new closo- and nido-carborane based functional derivatives 1-X(CH2)nS-1,2-C2B10H11 (X=COOH, N3, CH(NH2)COOH) and [7-X(CH2)nS-7,8-C2B9H11]− (X=COOH, N3, NH2, CH(NH2)COOH) was prepared by alkylation of 1-mercapto-ortho-carborane. Dialkylsulfonium derivatives of nido-carborane 9-R(Me)S-7,8-C2B9H11 and 10-R(Me)S-7,8-C2B9H11 with boron-sulfur bond were prepared by alkylation of the corresponding methyl-carboranyl thioether. New types of intramolecular B–H···X and B–H···π(C≡C) interactions were found in nido-carborane alkylmethyl sulfonium derivatives 9-XCH2S(Me)S-7,8-C2B9H11 and 10-RC≡CCH2S(Me)S-7,8-C2B9H11, respectively. Isomeric methylsulfide derivatives of transition metal bis(dicarbollide) complexes [X,Y-(MeS)2-3,3′-M(1,2-C2B9H10)2]− (M=Co, Fe) were prepared starting from the corresponding methylcarboranyl thioethers. The intramolecular CHcarb···S(Me)S hydrogen bonding between the dicarbollide ligands in cobalt bis(dicarbollide) complexes results in stabilization of definite rotational isomers – transoid in the case of the 8,8′-isomer and gauche in the case of the 4,4′- and 4,7′-isomers.
NATO revolution in the Polish military cartography
Authors: Sobczyński Eugeniusz , Pietruszka Jerzy
Published: November 2017

The article presents a review of contemporary Polish military topographic maps, with special focus on those in the scale of 1:50,000. They are basic maps used in all armies of NATO countries at tactical stages.

After the political breakthrough of 1989 Polish political elites saw the future of our country in the structures of Western Europe, but the Warsaw Pact still existed, and Soviet Army units were stationed in Poland and in the German Democratic Republic. All the Warsaw Pact countries used maps in the “1942” coordinate system and followed standardized rules of map elaboration. The article presents transformation of those maps into NATO standards, the first stage of which was elaboration of the, so-called, maps adapted to NATO standards.

At the end of 1990s there started elaboration of a new topographic map of Poland in the scale of 1:50,000. The project involved preparation of a level 2 map, in NATO nomenclature known as VMap Level 2, and simultaneously using the same base for to generate 580 sheets of a paper map in 1:50,000. Map elaboration finished in 2006 and in the following years the project was enhanced with publication of new maps based on high-resolution image data.

Since 2003 Polish cartographers have been participating in Multinational Geospatial Co-production Program (MGCP). Within the program high-resolution vector data is being prepared for selected areas of interest. They are mainly areas of current or potential military conflict, terrorist threat, ethnic or religious conflict, natural disaster, etc. MGCP data is not a ready product meant for direct usage, and without proper preparation it is simply unreadable. Therefore, special computer applications were developed to facilitate fast preparation of topographic maps in 1:50,000: MGCP Derived Graphic (MDG) and lately MGCP Topographic Map (MTM). Such maps differ from Polish topographic maps both in contents (to a lesser extent) and in graphic form (to a larger extent). They contain less objects, but include aerial information.
Do Social Networks have Effects on the Risk Attitude of Commercial Poultry Farmers? Evidence from Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Obayelu Oluwakemi Adeola , Olowe Olukemi Olumuyiwa , Faleye Temitope Grace
Published: November 2017

Poultry production decision setting is full of risk and imperfect information. Attitude towards risk is a measure of farmers’ willingness to take risks which is an important determinant in their production decisions. Strong social capital emanating from social networks can lead to efficient risk management strategies, thereby minimizing risks faced by the farmers. Therefore, the effects of social capital on the risk attitude of small-scale commercial poultry farmers in Oyo state were assessed. Data were collected from two hundred small-scale farmers and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, factorial analysis, multinomial logit and a two-stage least square. Results showed that 52.5%, 37.5% and 10% of the poultry farmers were risk averse, risk neutral and risk preferring, respectively. About 31.4% and 68.6% of the female and male farmers respectively were risk averse. Close to a fifth, a quarter and two-thirds of the risk averse, risk neutral and risk takers respectively contributed 21-30% of the decisions in the associations. Fourteen percent of the farmers belonged to homogeneous groups. The choice of being risk averse was affected by marital status, educational level, family size, percentage spent on poultry income and aggregate social capital. There was no reverse causality between risk attitude and social capital.
Total Content of Phenolics and Antioxidant Activity in Crispbreads with Plant By-product addition
Authors: Konrade Daiga , Klava Dace
Published: November 2017

Vegetable processing in food industry results in significant amount of by-products – peel, mark, bark, seeds still rich in bioactive compounds. Apple, carrot and pumpkin peel and mark may be used for production of crispbreads as functional ingredients. The objective of this study is to investigate the stability of total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity after high temperature and short time (HTST) extrusion cooking of a wheat and rice-based crispbreads with addition of apple, carrot and pumpkin by-products obtained after juice extraxtion and dried. Raw materials for crispbread production were wheat flour, rice flour, wheat bran (72%, 24% and 4% respectively) with addition of microwave–vacuum dried by-product powder in different amount (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%). Extrusion process was performed by using a laboratory singlescrew extruder GÖTTFERT 1 screw Extrusiometer L series (Germany). Total phenolic content (TPC) was determined using the Folin Ciocalteu method. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by free radical 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) antioxidant scavenging activity using a modified colorimetric method. Comparing different raw formulations, it was observed that the TPC of the apple by-product flour was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in carrot and pumpkin flour. TPC in cereal-based crispbread was 36.06±1.15 before extrusion and 13.90±1.01 mg GAEg-1 DW (milligram Gallic acid equivalent per 100 g of dry weight (mg GAE 100 g−1 DW) after extrusion. Addition of apple BPF increased TPC in crispbreads to 106.25±2.08, carrot BPF 84.73±3.45 and pumpkin BPF to 108.82±1.04 mg GAEg−1 DW. Antioxidant activity of control sample was 1.07±0.01mg TE (Trolox equivalents) g−1 DW but in samples with addition of 20% apple by-products, it reached 3.77±0.02 TE g−1 DW for samples wih 20% carrot by-products reached 2.52±0.03TE g−1 DW and for samples wih 20% pumpkin by-products reached 3.77±0.02 TE g−1 DW.
Comparative Pedagogical Analysis of Philologists’ Professional Training at American and Ukrainian Universities
Authors: Bidyuk Natalya , Ikonnikova Maryna
Published: November 2017

The article deals with comparative and pedagogical analysis of philologists’ professional training at American and Ukrainian universities on the conceptual (philosophical and pedagogical paradigms, concepts, theories, approaches, teaching goals and strategies), organizational and pedagogical (tuition fee, training duration and modes, entry requirements) and content and technological levels. The structures of philologists’ professional training in the USA and Ukraine have been compared at the conceptual level. It has been revealed that at present, in both countries, professional training is carried out under the conditions of degree-based education taking into account competency-based, practice- and personality-oriented approaches, is based on the principles of humanization and humanitarization, learning democratization, the combination of national traditions and trends in the international educational space, is aimed at developing a modern, highly competitive specialist in philology. It has been indicated that in the system of philologists’ professional training in the United States, there is an orientation towards the subject of learning; personal and practical approaches to organizing professional training of future philologists create the most favourable conditions for developing students’ skills; however, in Ukraine these approaches are only becoming popular. It has been concluded that profound analysis of the advantages in using rational ideas of US experience will upgrade and improve the system of philologists’ professional training in Ukraine, which is a component of continuing professional education caused by the concrete socioeconomic factors of society development and is to reveal the specificity of philologists’ professional training (the content, forms, methods and pedagogical technologies), to create effective stimuli for professional and personal development of philologists.
Social and Occupational Activation of People at Risk of Social Exclusion in Poland Against the Background of the EU Cohesion Policy
Authors: Sikora Jan
Published: November 2017

The subject of the article is social and occupational activation of persons at risk of social exclusion. The phenomenon of social exclusion is an important socio-economic problem today and an important area for the implementation of the priorities of EU cohesion policy. This policy sets out the indicators to be achieved by 2020. Among the specific measures to achieve the set goals particularly significant is the implementation of the concept of supported employment targeted at people at risk of social exclusion. It has been outlined that the core document defining current EU policies and guidelines is the aforementioned “Strategy for Smart, Sustainable and Inclusive Growth, EUROPE 2020” setting out the following key priorities for the focus of for EU Member States: 1) intelligent development - development of knowledge- and innovation based economy, 2) sustainable development - supporting a more resource efficient, more environmentally-friendly, and more competitive economy, 3) inclusive growth - supporting economy with high employment rate which ensures social and territorial cohesion. It has been stated that. “National Strategy for Social Integration for Poland” the areas of exclusion include: 1) living in unfavorable economic conditions, 2) unfavorable effect of social processes resulting from massive, dynamic developmental changes, 3) insufficient life capital, 4) lack of access to appropriate institutions, 5) experiencing discrimination, 6) personal traits that hinder the use of common social resources. It seems that the basis task of a researcher in this context is not so much solving but rather identification of a problem stemming from objective conditions generating phenomena of marginalization and social exclusion. This analytical effort, taken in the frames of different research orientations is aimed at changing mechanisms ruling this process. It is not so much about providing universal solutions as these may be different for each society and must be looked for taking consideration of local economic and specific cultural conditions.
The Influence of Western European Humanistic Pedagogy on Forming Ukrainian School in 16Th-17th Centuries
Authors: Petruk Nataliia
Published: November 2017

The article is dedicated to analysis of the content and the peculiarities of school education in Ukraine in view of disseminating the leading ideas of European humanistic pedagogy during the 16th-17th centuries. It has been noted that during the period of disseminating humanistic ideas the principles of Ukrainian education and Ukrainian school were forming in an active interaction with European culture and European education. Ukrainian school education is seen as a phenomenon that has accumulated the values of Western European humanistic culture, namely, respect for the individual, awareness of intellectual activity importance, the value of labour, understanding of the need for education and knowledge of languages. An active role in disseminating the pan-European models of education has been played by an intellectual environment, which was forming in the well known cultural and educational centers of Ukraine of the 16th-17th centuries, such as the Ostroh Culture and Education Center, the Lviv Brother School, the Kyiv Brother School, the Kyiv Collegium. Ukrainian intellectual elite, namely, university professors, teachers, students, have become the main carriers of education. The nature of the processes taking place in the educational space of Ukraine have been significantly influenced by the circumstances of religious life associated with the protection of the Orthodox Church before the onset of Catholicism. High standards of education, knowledge of the old classical and modern European languages were an important basis for the full-fledged spiritual development of the Ukrainian ethnic group. A retrospective consideration of the past reveals new meanings and imperatives in development of modern Ukrainian education, and the rich experience of Ukrainian teachers, collegium lecturers, professors of the first universities justify the necessary reasons for Ukrainian education entering into the European space.
The Essence and Structure of History and Legal Studies Teacher’s Competency: Analysis of Ukrainian and Foreign Scholars’ Approaches
Authors: Riabovol Liliia
Published: November 2017

For a teacher to be professionally successful, they should possess relevant competencies. A history and legal studies teacher’s competency as an integrated entity has not been the subject of scientific researches yet. The paper aims to analyze legal documents as well as scientific literature, generalize and systematize the approaches to understanding the essence and structure of teacher’s professional competency. It is considered as a set of specific competencies; a component of teacher’s competency; one of its two main competencies. These approaches do not contribute to understanding teacher’s competency as a holistic integrated formation; competencies, which are singled out along with teacher’s professional competency and should be considered as its organic components. The structure of teacher’s competency based on the positions of functional approach is described as a set of components, namely, knowledge of psychology and pedagogy, abilities, skills, emotions, internal motivation, attitudes, moral and ethical values, experience; gnostic, constructive, organizational, communicative, analytical, creative, predictive, projective, informational, pedagogical skills, etc. The teacher’s competency is denoted by different terms. Its essence is fully revealed by the term “professional and pedagogical competency”, which allows describing teacher’s competency as a holistic personal entity belonging to a particular professional teacher, comprehensively characterizing it and serves as a means of achieving pedagogical goals and solving pedagogical tasks, a criterion for a professional teacher’s development. Despite certain differences in understanding the essence and the vision of teacher’s competency structure, almost all researchers of this problem agree on the fact that the factors of developing a highly competent teacher are high-quality pedagogical education, professional training and lifelong professional development. Rather perspective are further studies on specification of the volume and the content of knowledge, skills and abilities, the values of history and legal studies teachers as components of their competency, as well as experimental confirmation of relevant theoretical positions.
Methodology of Projecting Pedagogical Education Oriented Toward Quality and Trends in Its Development in the EU Countries
Authors: Desiatov Tymofii
Published: November 2017

The main directions of evolution and trends in pedagogical education development in European countries have been analyzed. It has been found that modernization of pedagogical education in Ukraine is practically impossible without analyzing the development of pedagogical education in the EU countries. It has been proved that in order to study trends in the development of pedagogical education in the EU countries in terms of their diversity and community, it is also necessary to identify and specify the integration factors of this social phenomenon. It has been emphasized that careful attention to the quality of education is explained by the transition of most of the national education systems in Europe to the methodology of projecting education focused on learning outcomes and their monitoring. It has been clarified that with the development of the EHEA there is a gradual shift in emphasis from external assessment of higher education quality to the institutional level, from the learning process to competency-based approach with a predominant orientation towards professional and personal preparedness and, first of all, graduates employment as a criterion of learning outcomes. Special attention has been drawn to the fact that, despite the processes of internationalization and globalization of social life, covering social relations, science, culture, education, at the same time, many centuries-old traditions of various cultural-historical types of society, various civilizations that influence the character of pedagogical education are kept. It has been investigated that in most EU countries education is dominated by the ideas of humanization and continuity, aimed at meeting the growing needs of the individual, “focus on personality”, which involves a variety of types and kinds of modern higher education, its multivariant character and multimodality, orientation towards result-centered criteria of definition of curricula content.
Peculiarities of Professional Training of the us Border Patrol Special Operations Group’s Agents
Authors: Bloshchynskyi Ihor
Published: November 2017

Professional training of the agents of the US Border Patrol Special Operations Groups has been substantiated in the article. Special attention has been paid to revealing Selection and Training Course (STC) of the Border Patrol Tactical Unit (BORTAC) and the Border Patrol Search, Trauma, and Rescue Unit (BORSTAR). It has been determined that BORTAC STC lasts over a month and candidates who pass the initial testing must then complete a timed, six-mile ruck march with a weighted pack, swimming, treading water and drown-proofing. As indicated in the article, in case of successful completion of the testing phase, candidates undergo weeks of intense training in tactics and airmobile operations, operational planning and weapon skills. As mentioned further, BORSTAR STC foresees a physical abilities test: a minimum of 7 pull-ups, 40 push-ups, 60 sit-ups (in 2 minutes), 1,5 mile run in 11 minutes or less, and a 250-yard swim. The following disciplines are taught during the course: the basic incident management system and incident command system, technical rescue framing, land navigation, tactical medicine framing, swift-water rescue technician framing etc. Besides, the curricula of such disciplines as “Tactics and special training”, “Topography”, “Weapons practice", “Tactical medicine", “Physical framing” (104 academic hours and 88 hours of classrooms lessons) for the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine mobile forces framing have been presented. The SBGSU mobile personnel framing program lies in a thorough study of the specifics of service management and carrying out of service duties, as well as learning of the SBGSU mobile units ’ personnel actions during protection of the state border, personal security and the use of force. The main objective of the framing course is to acquire the special knowledge and practical skills necessary for performing the main tasks on the state border protection, which are prescribed by professional duties. At the same time, the focus is made on the practical component of the actions of the border guards. In addition, they improve knowledge and skills during the framing process.
Forming Pedagogical Aesthetic Culture of Students in British Experience
Authors: Papushyna Valentyna
Published: November 2017

The author of the article analyzes the concept and primary factors of personality aesthetic culture development in the context of higher education in England. The scholars’ works and pedagogical advanced experience of the country nowadays pay special attention to forming personal creativity and self-realization of modern specialists. They are grounded on a high level of aesthetic culture. Among these essential conditions, the following are indicated: solving the issue of forming aesthetic culture at the national level, financing educational cultural projects and the cultural environment in educational institutions, functioning a wide network of cultural centers, which create the opportunities for everybody to aspire to cultural development. Determining the role of control and coordination of the process of forming students’ aesthetic culture, the author highlights the state policy that is interested in education of personal aesthetic culture as well as encourages students’ creative projects. The pedagogical factors of forming aesthetic culture in higher education institutions have been distinguished, namely, aestheticization of the education process, integration of academic subjects and art, implementation of art disciplines, introduction of new methodologies and technologies in the education process. In the article, there have been shown the best standards of experience of English pedagogy for higher education institutions, indicated on the research base of foreign and native scholars. They deserve a thorough study and adoption: collaboration between artists, culture experts an educational institutions, aesthetic practice of students as a part of public life, support of modern cultural-aesthetic environment of educational institutions. It has been concluded that the British education system offers exciting possibilities for development of aesthetic interests for everybody who aims at cultural growth with the help of the wide network of creative centers, educational institutions, public institutions and churches.
Methodology in Training Future Technology and Engineering Teachers in the USA
Authors: Androshchuk Iryna , Androshchuk Ihor
Published: November 2017

In the article, the defined problem has been justified and the significance of studying foreign experience in training future technology and engineering teachers in the USA has been determined. Particular attention has been paid to explanation of methods and forms of organization of future technology and engineering teachers’ training in the USA. The authors have considered Education Technology Standards, developed by the International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE), that are used as reference points and determine the minimum amount of training as well as electives. In addition, there have been outlined such training techniques as microteaching, reflective teaching, the simulation method that allow involving the students into real teaching rather than role-playing; decrease complexity of pedagogical actions through ensuring acquisition of specific skills needed for the teacher in order to form experience of pedagogical interaction. It has been found out that in order to prove themselves during the first year of study in a higher education institution the students create their own web pages and portfolios that consist of working portfolio, showcase portfolio and documentation portfolio. It has been established that mini courses are actively used to help future technology and engineering teachers acquire necessary pedagogical skills. Based on analysis of the research findings, the authors have concluded that counseling or mentoring as forms of training greatly contribute to personal development of both students and their mentor as well as effective collaboration between school and university staff. It has been identified that enhancing effectiveness of teaching practice in American higher education institutions ensures involving clinical professors who monitor, guide and assess teaching practice of future specialists.