bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrative single-cell characterization of a frugivorous and an insectivorous bat kidney and pancreas
Authors: Gordon Wei E. , Baek Seungbyn , Nguyen Hai P. , Kuo Yien-Ming , Bradley Rachael , Fong Sarah L. , Kim Nayeon , Galazyuk Alex , Lee Insuk , Ingala Melissa R. , Simmons Nancy B. , Schountz Tony , Cooper Lisa Noelle , Georgakopoulos-Soares Ilias , Hemberg Martin , Ahituv Nadav
Published: January 2024

Frugivory evolved multiple times in mammals, including bats. However, the cellular and molecular components driving it remain largely unknown. Here, we use integrative single-cell sequencing (scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq) on insectivorous (Eptesicus fuscus; big brown bat) and frugivorous (Artibeus jamaicensis; Jamaican fruit bat) bat kidneys and pancreases and identify key cell population, gene expression and regulatory differences associated with the Jamaican fruit bat that also relate to human disease, particularly diabetes. We find a decrease in loop of Henle and an increase in collecting duct cells, and differentially active genes and regulatory elements involved in fluid and electrolyte balance in the Jamaican fruit bat kidney. The Jamaican fruit bat pancreas shows an increase in endocrine and a decrease in exocrine cells, and differences in genes and regulatory elements involved in insulin regulation. We also find that these frugivorous bats share several molecular characteristics with human diabetes. Combined, our work provides insights from a frugivorous mammal that could be leveraged for therapeutic purposes.
Integrating genetic regulation and single-cell expression with GWAS prioritizes causal genes and cell types for glaucoma
Authors: Hamel Andrew R. , Yan Wenjun , Rouhana John M. , Monovarfeshani Aboozar , Jiang Xinyi , Mehta Puja A. , Advani Jayshree , Luo Yuyang , Liang Qingnan , Rajasundaram Skanda , Shrivastava Arushi , Duchinski Katherine , Mantena Sreekar , Wang Jiali , van Zyl Tavé , Pasquale Louis R. , Swaroop Anand , Gharahkhani Puya , Khawaja Anthony P. , MacGregor Stuart ,   International Glaucoma Genetics Consortium (IGGC), Hewitt Alex W. , Schuster Alexander K. , Viswanathan Ananth C. , Lotery Andrew J. , Cree Angela J. , Pang Calvin P. , Brandl Caroline , Klaver Caroline C. W. , Hayward Caroline , Khor Chiea Chuen , Cheng Ching-Yu , Hammond Christopher J. , van Duijn Cornelia , Mackey David A. , Stefansson Einer , Vithana Eranga N. , Pasutto Francesca , Jonansson Fridbert , Thorleifsson Gudmar , Koh Jacyline , Wilson James F. , Craig Jamie E. , Vergroesen Joëlle E. , Fingert John H. , Jonas Jost B. , Stefánsson Kári , Burdon Kathryn P. , Chen Li Jia , Kass Michael , Jansonius Nomdo M. , Pfeiffer Norbert , Polašek Ozren , Foster Paul J. , Mitchell Paul , Hysi Pirro G. , Wojciechowski Robert , Driessen Sjoerd J. , Tompson Stuart W. J. , Young Terri L. , Wong Tien Y. , Aung Tin , Thorsteinsdottir Unnur , de Vries Victor A. , Ramdas Wishal D. , Wang Ya Xing , Chen Rui , Vitart Veronique , Sanes Joshua R. , Wiggs Janey L. , Segrè Ayellet V.
Published: January 2024

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), characterized by retinal ganglion cell death, is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. However, its molecular and cellular causes are not well understood. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor, but many patients have normal IOP. Colocalization and Mendelian randomization analysis of >240 POAG and IOP genome-wide association study (GWAS) loci and overlapping expression and splicing quantitative trait loci (e/sQTLs) in 49 GTEx tissues and retina prioritizes causal genes for 60% of loci. These genes are enriched in pathways implicated in extracellular matrix organization, cell adhesion, and vascular development. Analysis of single-nucleus RNA-seq of glaucoma-relevant eye tissues reveals that the POAG and IOP colocalizing genes and genome-wide associations are enriched in specific cell types in the aqueous outflow pathways, retina, optic nerve head, peripapillary sclera, and choroid. This study nominates IOP-dependent and independent regulatory mechanisms, genes, and cell types that may contribute to POAG pathogenesis.
Identifying immune signatures of sepsis to increase diagnostic accuracy in very preterm babies
Authors: Das A. , Ariyakumar G. , Gupta N. , Kamdar S. , Barugahare A. , Deveson-Lucas D. , Gee S. , Costeloe K. , Davey M. S. , Fleming P. , Gibbons D. L.
Published: January 2024

Bacterial infections are a major cause of mortality in preterm babies, yet our understanding of early-life disease-associated immune dysregulation remains limited. Here, we combine multi-parameter flow cytometry, single-cell RNA sequencing and plasma analysis to longitudinally profile blood from very preterm babies (<32 weeks gestation) across episodes of invasive bacterial infection (sepsis). We identify a dynamically changing blood immune signature of sepsis, including lymphopenia, reduced dendritic cell frequencies and myeloid cell HLA-DR expression, which characterizes sepsis even when the common clinical marker of inflammation, C-reactive protein, is not elevated. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing identifies upregulation of amphiregulin in leukocyte populations during sepsis, which we validate as a plasma analyte that correlates with clinical signs of disease, even when C-reactive protein is normal. This study provides insights into immune pathways associated with early-life sepsis and identifies immune analytes as potential diagnostic adjuncts to standard tests to guide targeted antibiotic prescribing.
N-linked Fc glycosylation is not required for IgG-B-cell receptor function in a GC-derived B-cell line
Authors: Kissel Theresa , Derksen Veerle F. A. M. , Bentlage Arthur E. H. , Koeleman Carolien , Hafkenscheid Lise , van der Woude Diane , Wuhrer Manfred , Vidarsson Gestur , Toes René E. M.
Published: January 2024

IgG secreted by B cells carry asparagine N(297)-linked glycans in the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region. Changes in Fc glycosylation are related to health or disease and are functionally relevant, as IgG without Fc glycans cannot bind to Fcɣ receptors or complement factors. However, it is currently unknown whether ɣ-heavy chain (ɣHC) glycans also influence the function of membrane-bound IgG-B-cell receptors (BCR) and thus the outcome of the B-cell immune response. Here, we show in a germinal center (GC)-derived human B-cell line that ɣHC glycans do not affect membrane expression of IgG-BCRs. Furthermore, antigen binding or other BCR-facilitated mechanisms appear unaffected, including BCR downmodulation or BCR-mediated signaling. As expected, secreted IgG lacking Fc glycosylation is unable to carry out effector functions. Together, these observations indicate that IgG-Fc glycosylation serves as a mechanism to control the effector functions of antibodies, but does not regulate the activation of IgG-switched B cells, as its absence had no apparent impact on BCR function.
Climate-driven invasion and incipient warnings of kelp ecosystem collapse
Authors: Ling Scott D. , Keane John P.
Published: January 2024

Climate change is progressively redistributing species towards the Earth’s poles, indicating widespread potential for ecosystem collapse. Detecting early-warning-signals and enacting adaptation measures is therefore a key imperative for humanity. However, detecting early-warning signals has remained elusive and has focused on exceptionally high-frequency and/ or long-term time-series, which are generally unattainable for most ecosystems that are under-sampled and already impacted by warming. Here, we show that a catastrophic phase-shift in kelp ecosystems, caused by range-extension of an overgrazing sea urchin, also propagates poleward. Critically, we show that incipient spatial-pattern-formations of kelp overgrazing are detectable well-in-advance of collapse along temperate reefs in the ocean warming hotspot of south-eastern Australia. Demonstrating poleward progression of collapse over 15 years, these early-warning ‘incipient barrens’ are now widespread along 500 km of coast with projections indicating that half of all kelp beds within this range-extension region will collapse by ~2030. Overgrazing was positively associated with deep boulder-reefs, yet negatively associated with predatory lobsters and subordinate abalone competitors, which have both been intensively fished. Climate-driven collapse of ecosystems is occurring; however, by looking equatorward, space-for-time substitutions can enable practical detection of early-warning spatial-pattern-formations, allowing local climate adaptation measures to be enacted in advance.
Lateral hypothalamic glutamatergic inputs to VTA glutamatergic neurons mediate prioritization of innate defensive behavior over feeding
Authors: Barbano M. Flavia , Zhang Shiliang , Chen Emma , Espinoza Orlando , Mohammad Uzma , Alvarez-Bagnarol Yocasta , Liu Bing , Hahn Suyun , Morales Marisela
Published: January 2024

The lateral hypothalamus (LH) is involved in feeding behavior and defense responses by interacting with different brain structures, including the Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA). Emerging evidence indicates that LH-glutamatergic neurons infrequently synapse on VTA-dopamine neurons but preferentially establish multiple synapses on VTA-glutamatergic neurons. Here, we demonstrated that LH-glutamatergic inputs to VTA promoted active avoidance, long-term aversion, and escape attempts. By testing feeding in the presence of a predator, we observed that ongoing feeding was decreased, and that this predator-induced decrease in feeding was abolished by photoinhibition of the LH-glutamatergic inputs to VTA. By VTA specific neuronal ablation, we established that predator-induced decreases in feeding were mediated by VTA-glutamatergic neurons but not by dopamine or GABA neurons. Thus, we provided evidence for an unanticipated neuronal circuitry between LH-glutamatergic inputs to VTA-glutamatergic neurons that plays a role in prioritizing escape, and in the switch from feeding to escape in mice.
Non-Faradaic optoelectrodes for safe electrical neuromodulation
Authors: Chen Jian , Liu Yanyan , Chen Feixiang , Guo Mengnan , Zhou Jiajia , Fu Pengfei , Zhang Xin , Wang Xueli , Wang He , Hua Wei , Chen Jinquan , Hu Jin , Mao Ying , Jin Dayong , Bu Wenbo
Published: January 2024

Nanoscale optoelectrodes hold the potential to stimulate optically individual neurons and intracellular organelles, a challenge that demands both a high-density of photoelectron storage and significant charge injection. Here, we report that zinc porphyrin, commonly used in dye-sensitized solar cells, can be self-assembled into nanorods and then coated by TiO2. The J-aggregated zinc porphyrin array enables long-range exciton diffusion and allows for fast electron transfer into TiO2. The formation of TiO2(e−) attracts positive charges around the neuron membrane, contributing to the induction of action potentials. Far-field cranial irradiation of the motor cortex using a 670 nm laser or an 850 nm femtosecond laser can modulate local neuronal firing and trigger motor responses in the hind limb of mice. The pulsed photoelectrical stimulation of neurons in the subthalamic nucleus alleviates parkinsonian symptoms in mice, improving abnormal stepping and enhancing the activity of dopaminergic neurons. Our results suggest injectable nanoscopic optoelectrodes for optical neuromodulation with high efficiency and negligible side effects.
LFA-1 nanoclusters integrate TCR stimulation strength to tune T-cell cytotoxic activity
Authors: Lacouture Claire , Chaves Beatriz , Guipouy Delphine , Houmadi Raïssa , Duplan-Eche Valérie , Allart Sophie , Destainville Nicolas , Dupré Loïc
Published: January 2024

T-cell cytotoxic function relies on the cooperation between the highly specific but poorly adhesive T-cell receptor (TCR) and the integrin LFA-1. How LFA-1-mediated adhesion may scale with TCR stimulation strength is ill-defined. Here, we show that LFA-1 conformation activation scales with TCR stimulation to calibrate human T-cell cytotoxicity. Super-resolution microscopy analysis reveals that >1000 LFA-1 nanoclusters provide a discretized platform at the immunological synapse to translate TCR engagement and density of the LFA-1 ligand ICAM-1 into graded adhesion. Indeed, the number of high-affinity conformation LFA-1 nanoclusters increases as a function of TCR triggering strength. Blockade of LFA-1 conformational activation impairs adhesion to target cells and killing. However, it occurs at a lower TCR stimulation threshold than lytic granule exocytosis implying that it licenses, rather than directly controls, the killing decision. We conclude that the organization of LFA-1 into nanoclusters provides a calibrated system to adjust T-cell killing to the antigen stimulation strength.
Bidirectionally promoting assembly order for ultrastiff and highly thermally conductive graphene fibres
Authors: Li Peng , Wang Ziqiu , Qi Yuxiang , Cai Gangfeng , Zhao Yingjie , Ming Xin , Lin Zizhen , Ma Weigang , Lin Jiahao , Li Hang , Shen Kai , Liu Yingjun , Xu Zhen , Xu Zhiping , Gao Chao
Published: January 2024

Macroscopic fibres assembled from two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets are new and impressing type of fibre materials besides those from one-dimensional (1D) polymers, such as graphene fibres. However, the preparation and property-enhancing technologies of these fibres follow those from 1D polymers by improving the orientation along the fibre axis, leading to non-optimized microstructures and low integrated performances. Here, we show a concept of bidirectionally promoting the assembly order, making graphene fibres achieve synergistically improved mechanical and thermal properties. Concentric arrangement of graphene oxide sheets in the cross-section and alignment along fibre axis are realized by multiple shear-flow fields, which bidirectionally promotes the sheet-order of graphene sheets in solid fibres, generates densified and crystalline graphitic structures, and produces graphene fibres with ultrahigh modulus (901 GPa) and thermal conductivity (1660 W m−1 K−1). We believe that the concept would enhance both scientific and technological cognition of the assembly process of 2D nanosheets.
Multiple pathways for glucose phosphate transport and utilization support growth of Cryptosporidium parvum
Authors: Xu Rui , Beatty Wandy L. , Greigert Valentin , Witola William H. , Sibley L. David
Published: January 2024

Cryptosporidium parvum is an obligate intracellular parasite with a highly reduced mitochondrion that lacks the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the ability to generate ATP, making the parasite reliant on glycolysis. Genetic ablation experiments demonstrated that neither of the two putative glucose transporters CpGT1 and CpGT2 were essential for growth. Surprisingly, hexokinase was also dispensable for parasite growth while the downstream enzyme aldolase was required, suggesting the parasite has an alternative way of obtaining phosphorylated hexose. Complementation studies in E. coli support a role for direct transport of glucose-6-phosphate from the host cell by the parasite transporters CpGT1 and CpGT2, thus bypassing a requirement for hexokinase. Additionally, the parasite obtains phosphorylated glucose from amylopectin stores that are released by the action of the essential enzyme glycogen phosphorylase. Collectively, these findings reveal that C. parvum relies on multiple pathways to obtain phosphorylated glucose both for glycolysis and to restore carbohydrate reserves.
Electrochemical and chemical cycle for high-efficiency decoupled water splitting in a near-neutral electrolyte
Authors: Slobodkin Ilya , Davydova Elena , Sananis Matan , Breytus Anna , Rothschild Avner
Published: January 2024

Green hydrogen produced by water splitting using renewable electricity is essential to achieve net-zero carbon emissions. Present water electrolysis technologies are uncompetitive with low-cost grey hydrogen produced from fossil fuels, limiting their scale-up potential. Disruptive processes that decouple the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions and produce them in separate cells or different stages emerge as a prospective route to reduce system cost by enabling operation without expensive membranes and sealing components. Some of these processes divide the hydrogen or oxygen evolution reactions into electrochemical and chemical sub-reactions, enabling them to achieve high efficiency. However, high efficiency has been demonstrated only in a batch process with thermal swings that present operational challenges. This work introduces a breakthrough process that produces hydrogen and oxygen in separate cells and supports continuous operation in a membraneless system. We demonstrate high faradaic and electrolytic efficiency and high rate operation in a near-neutral electrolyte of NaBr in water, whereby bromide is electro-oxidized to bromate concurrent with hydrogen evolution in one cell, and bromate is chemically reduced to bromide in a catalytic reaction that evolves oxygen in another cell. This process may lead the way to high-efficiency membraneless water electrolysis that overcomes the limitations of century-old membrane electrolysis.
Design of simple nonovershooting controllers for linear high order systems with or without time delay
Authors: Du Huanchao , Feng Bobo , Shen Jieshi , Li Dan
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we mainly considered the problem of nonovershooting control of high order systems with or without time delay by simple controllers. As basic principles for nonovershooting control systems, three propositions are offered and proved. Under direction of these principles, a nonovershooting dominant pole control structure having three dominant poles, i.e., one real pole and a pair of complex conjugate poles on its left, is proposed. While its zeroes and nondominant poles are on the left side of these three dominant poles with sufficient distance. The controllers adopted are composed by first order filter and PD-PID controller. Dominance of the three dominant poles can be checked and ensured through the computational method we offered. Two illustrating examples are given to show the effectiveness of our method.
Evaluation of Chlorella vulgaris biosorption capacity for phosphate and nitrate removal from wastewater
Authors: Asaad Amany A. , Amer Amany S.
Published: January 2024

High wastewater production rates during the past few decades are mostly attributable to anthropogenic activities. The main components leading to the nutrient enrichment of natural water bodies are such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and other minerals. The main focus of this research was to assess the ability of using Chlorella vulgaris algae, a potent and environmentally benign material, to eliminate phosphate and nitrate ions from wastewater. FTIR results showed that the biologically active molecules that facilitate the binding of phosphate and nitrate ions unto the C. vulgaris are C=C and N–H amid. The ideal equilibrium time for adsorption was 24 h with an optimum pH of 7 and the mass ratio of algae and different anions concentration was 80%. Freundlich isotherm model was the best-fitted isotherm. Moreover, the results of the experiment fit more closely with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model than other models. Elovich kinetic model data for both ions showed that the adsorption rate was much higher than the desorption rate. The growing popularity of biosorbents in treating wastewater has led to an improvement in their affordability and availability, and C. vulgaris may now represent an environmentally friendly choice from an environmental, and economic standpoint.
Incorporation of U(iv) in monazite–cheralite ceramics under oxidizing and inert atmospheres
Authors: El Monjid Alison , Szenknect Stéphanie , Mesbah Adel , Hunault Myrtille O. J. Y. , Menut Denis , Clavier Nicolas , Dacheux Nicolas
Published: January 2024

Nd1−2xCaxUxPO4 monazite–cheralite with x < 0.1 is prepared by wet chemistry route. Uranium incorporated in the monazite–cheralite structure is 100% U(iv). Phosphates protect U against oxidation during the thermal treatment of the precursor in air.
Current insights into date by-product valorization for sustainable food industries and technology
Authors: Subhash Athira Jayasree , Bamigbade Gafar Babatunde , Ayyash Mutamed
Published: January 2024

The date palm holds immense significance in the socio-economic fabric of the countries where it is extensively cultivated.
Nonlinear ferroelectric characteristics of barium titanate nanocrystals determined via a polymer nanocomposite approach
Authors: Li Qiong , Allahyarov Elshad , Ju Tianxiong , Lin Zhiqun , Zhu Lei
Published: January 2024

The nonlinear dielectric properties of ferroelectric (380 nm) and paraelectric (60 nm) BaTiO3 nanocrystals are determined using a polymer nanocomposite approach.
A thiolated copper-hydride nanocluster with chloride bridging as a catalyst for carbonylative C–N coupling of aryl amines under mild conditions: a combined experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Das Anish Kumar , Biswas Sourav , Pal Amit , Manna Surya Sekhar , Sardar Avirup , Mondal Pradip Kumar , Sahoo Basudev , Pathak Biswarup , Mandal Sukhendu
Published: January 2024

A Cu(i) nanocluster, with its precisely defined core and shell components, plays a pivotal role in mediating carbonylative C–N coupling reactions.
Anti-tumor effect of pH-sensitive drug-loaded nanoparticles optimized via an integrated computational/experimental approach
Authors: Miller Hunter A. , Zhang Yapei , Smith Bryan Ronain , Frieboes Hermann B.
Published: January 2024

An integrated computational and experimental approach enables tailoring drug release by pH-responsive nanomaterials to maximize the tumor response. This study evaluates this response in silico with respect to the key parameters of tumor vascular heterogeneity and NP drug release rate.
Sustainable solvent extraction of gold and other metals with biomass chemicals
Authors: Foreman Mark R. StJ. , Johansson Richard K. , Mariotti Gloria , Persson Ingmar , Tebikachew Behabitu E. , Tyumentsev Mikhail S.
Published: January 2024

Metal purification by solvent extraction using a sustainable alternative to petroleum kerosene is demonstrated using gold and other metals as examples.
Thermal analysis and temperature evaluation on a magnetic‐geared dual‐rotor machine
Authors: Tong Minghao , Liu Xiaoqiang , Sun Le
Published: January 2024

The thermal performance of the magnetic‐geared dual‐rotor machine (MGDRM) is investigated. Because the effective component in the outer airgap magnetic field harmonics is low, the torque production of MGDRM cannot match the regular permanent magnetic synchronous machine (PMSM). Although the analysis shows that the torque generation of the MGDRM is weak, this conclusion is limited in the electromagnetic field. The MGDRM outer rotor should also be considered from the thermal aspect, and the effect on the torque generation should be valued in particular. The outer rotor thermal buffer effect blocks the heating flow from the winding to the inner rotor magnets. Thus, the MGDRM can withstand a heavy electrical load in a short period, producing higher torque. With this understanding, the torque production ability of the MGDRM can extend to a higher level, even close to the regular PMSM. To validate the analysis, a MGDRM machine is prototyped, and the dual‐rotor temperature information acquisition is realised by a wireless data collection. The rotor temperature estimation technology on the dual‐rotor is then investigated as an auxiliary function. The estimation error can be limited around 5°C, which is good for warning the thermal risk. And thus the MGDRM overheating can be safely adopted to extend the torque generation.
Dark energy as a critical period in binary motion: Bounds from multi-scale binaries
Authors: Benisty David , Wagner Jenny , Staicova Denitsa
Published: January 2024

We study the two-body problem in the context of both dark energy and post-Newtonian modifications. In this unified framework, we demonstrate that dark energy plays the role of a critical period with TΛ = 2π/c√Λ ≈ 60 Gyr. We also show that the ratio between the orbital and critical periods naturally emerges from the Kretschmann scalar, which is a quadratic curvature invariant characterizing all binary systems effectively represented by de Sitter-Schwarzschild space-time. The suitability of a binary system in constraining dark energy is determined by the ratio between its Keplerian orbital period, TK, and the critical period, TΛ. Systems with TK ≈ TΛ are optimal for constraining the cosmological constant, Λ, such as the Local Group and the Virgo Cluster. Systems with TK ≪ TΛ are dominated by attractive gravity (which are best suited for studying modified gravity corrections). Systems with TK ≫ TΛ are dominated by repulsive dark energy and can thus be used to constrain Λ from below. We used our unified framework of post-Newtonian and dark-energy modifications to calculate the precession of bounded and unbounded astrophysical systems and infer constraints on Λ from them. We analyzed pulsars, the solar system, S stars around Sgr A*, the Local Group, and the Virgo Cluster, having orbital periods of days to gigayears. Our results reveal that the upper bound on the cosmological constant decreases when the orbital period of the system increases, emphasizing that Λ is a critical period in binary motion.
Evidence for transit-timing variations of the 11 Myr exoplanet TOI-1227 b
Authors: Almenara J. M. , Bonfils X. , Guillot T. , Timmermans M. , Díaz R. F. , Venturini J. , Petit A. C. , Forveille T. , Suárez O. , Mékarnia D. , Triaud A. H. M. J. , Abe L. , Bendjoya P. , Bouchy F. , Bouvier J. , Delrez L. , Dransfield G. , Ducrot E. , Gillon M. , Hooton M. J. , Jehin E. , Mann A. W. , Mardling R. , Murgas F. , Leleu A. , Lendl M. , Queloz D. , Seager S. , Winn J. , Fernández S. Zuñiga
Published: January 2024

TOI-1227 b is an 11 Myr old validated transiting planet in the middle of its contraction phase, with a current radius of 0.85 Rj. It orbits a low-mass pre-main sequence star (0.170 M⊙, 0.56 R⊙) every 27.4 days. The magnetic activity of its young host star induces radial velocity jitter and prevents good measurements of the planetary mass. We gathered additional transit observations of TOI-1227 b with space- and ground-based telescopes, and we detected highly significant transit-timing variations (TTVs). Their amplitude is about 40 min and their dominant timescale is longer than 3.7 yr. Their most probable origin is dynamical interactions with additional planets in the system. We modeled the TTVs with inner and outer perturbers near first and second order resonances; several orbital configurations provide an acceptable fit. More data are needed to determine the actual orbital configuration and eventually measure the planetary masses. These TTVs and an updated transit chromaticity analysis reinforce the evidence that TOI-1227 b is a planet.
Design of a water pump-solar source system for drinking water supply
Authors: Khaliknazarov Urolboy , Ibrokhimov Ulugbek
Published: January 2024

Proper organization of the drinking water systems provided to the population, monitoring and management of their activity with the help of modern technologies is an effective way to save drinking water. In this article, the energy saving and continuous supply can be achieved by designing an energy-efficient, modern and solar-powered GRUNDFOS SP 17-8 pump instead of the old submersible pump designed to provide drinking water to individuals in Khavos district of Syrdarya region. issues are covered.
Effects of Putrescine and Spermine on Pollen Germination Levels of Some Olive Cultivars
Authors: Dölek Cansu , Karabıyık Şenay
Published: January 2024

In this study, it is aimed to determine the effects of putrescine and spermine on pollen germination levels of 8 olive cultivars. Arbequina, Gemlik, Halhalı, Karamani, Kozan yerli, Saurani, Sayfi and Şami olive cultivars were used as material. In the study, 5 spermine doses (0,25mM, 0,125 mM, 0,025 mM, 0,05 mM and 0,005 mM) and 5 putrescine doses (0,20 mM, 0,10 mM, 0,05 mM, 0,025 mM and 0,1 mM) added to basal germination medium (15% sucrose + 1% agar + 100 ppm Boric acid) were tested for determining the effects on pollen germination of olive cultivars. Basal media was used for Control treatment. In terms of pollen germination media, pollen germination levels were increased with lower putrescine and higher spermine levels. In Sayfi olive cultivar, while pollen viability rate was 42,74%, pollen germination was 0,00% in control treatments. However, pollen germination was increased for Sayfi olive cultivar with 0,20 mM and 0,10 mM putrescine (3,64% and 3,40%, respectively) and 0,25 mM, 0,125 mM and 0,05 mM Spermine (12,56%, 4,73% and 3,40%, respectively). In conclusion, polyamine treatments were increased the low germinated cultivars. So, polyamine treatments reveal the potential of the pollen especially in low-germinated pollens.
Unveiling climate change impacts on agricultural sustainability: insights from the united states
Authors: Çeliktopuz Eser , Kapur Burçak
Published: January 2024

Climate change poses significant threats to agricultural systems, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of its impact for effective adaptation strategies. This study examines the influence of climate change on agriculture in the United States, primarily focusing on temperature shifts and precipitation variations. Utilizing historical data and climate projections, we analyse trends in mean temperature and precipitation patterns from 1950 to 2020. The results indicate a noteworthy increase in annual mean temperature over the years, attributed to climate change. This rise in temperature has multifaceted implications, including heat stress in crops and exacerbation of drought conditions. The study also explores the complex relationship between precipitation patterns and climate change, highlighting regional variations and potential shifts in future precipitation trends. By projecting data under SSP 1-1.9 emission scenario, we assess potential changes in mean temperatures, hot days, and precipitation for 2040-2059 periods. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the interplay between climate change and agricultural systems, emphasizing the need for adaptive strategies to secure food production and mitigate potential risks. The findings underscore the urgency of proactive measures to safeguard agricultural sustainability and resilience in the face of evolving climatic conditions.
Relationship between mastitis and body condition score in jersey cattle
Authors: Gökçe Gökhan , Şenses Ezgi
Published: January 2024

The usefulness, validity and precision of the body condition score has been proven by many studies to evaluate body energy reserves. In general, the body condition score decreases in early lactation because cows allocate energy from their body reserves to support milk production and begin to increase during the remainder of lactation. The excessive loss of energy reserves during early lactation often associated with cows with higher body condition scores at calving often results in impaired health and reproductive performance. A high or low body condition score is also associated with higher incidences of metritis, milk fever, lameness, and mastitis. Positive genetic correlations have been noted between body energy reserve changes and somatic cell count or clinical mastitis. In this study, the relationship between body condition score and mastitis in Jersey cattle was investigated.
Effect of germanium oxide on the properties of aluminum casting details in agricultural machinery
Authors: Tursunbaev Sarvar , Turakhodjaev Nodir , Mardonakulov Sharofiddin , Toshmatova Shohzoda
Published: January 2024

The article presents research aimed at improving the properties of aluminum alloy by changing its composition when developing a pump housing part that can be made of aluminum alloys in agricultural machines. In the studies, germanium oxide was included in the composition of aluminum-manganese and aluminum-copper alloys, its effect on the alloy structure and hardness was studied. Scientists from all over the world have conducted many similar studies. In the experiments, the composition of the aluminum alloy included Germanium oxide in the charge in the state of coating with a special aluminum coating. Germanium oxide is part of the alloy in an amount from 0.1% to 0.3%, depending on the weight of the charge and taking into account the Germanium content in the oxide. Microscopic analysis of the cast samples was carried out using an optical metallographic microscope. In addition, the hardness of the samples was measured using an ITV-1-M hardness tester. Based on the results obtained, a graph of the dependence of Germanium oxide in the alloy on hardness was developed. Based on the conducted research, the authors draw their conclusions at the end of the article.
Image preprocessing techniques applied on NIR images for fruit bruise detection
Authors: Ünal Zeynep
Published: January 2024

This study investigates the transformative potential of image preprocessing techniques when applied to near-infrared (NIR) images for early bruise detection. It emphasizes the nuanced selection of filters to retain essential image features while accentuating bruise characteristics. Filters as noise-reduction tools, rendering bruises more visible without erasing critical details. Subsequently, the limitations of conventional edge detection filters were examined such as Sobel, Prewitt, and Canny, which excel in outlining fruit edges but fall short in delineating bruises. Adaptive thresholding methods were introduced, exemplified by Otsu’s, showcasing their capacity to distinguish objects from backgrounds while acknowledging their challenge in preserving crucial edge pixels. Image enhancement techniques, such as Histogram Equalization, Contrast Stretching, and Sigmoid Correction, enhance fruit edge visibility and elevate bruise detection. In the frequency domain, filters such as Ideal Lowpass, Bandpass, and Highpass were harnessed to accentuate diverse bruise types. The Butterworth filter was introduced, capable of concurrently highlighting all relevant features, a pivotal innovation in comprehensive bruise detection. Through extensive experimentation and analysis of NIR images of various fruit varieties, including plums, peaches, and apples, our findings underscore the significance of tailored preprocessing techniques for optimal fruit bruise detection. These insights offer promise for agricultural industries and quality control processes seeking to enhance fruit quality assessment.
Field Tests of a Cultivator Proceeds between Row Soils in Vineyards
Authors: Mirzakhodjaev Sherzodkhuja , Utaganov Khusan , Musurmonov Azzam
Published: January 2024

The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental testing of the machine made as a result of the research on the basis of the scheme and parameters of the cultivator, which processes the soil between rows and rows of vines with a low cost, including vine rows with soil hardness varying between 1.4-1.8 mPa, the circumference of the bushes and The required tractor power is 21.53-35.09 kW when the resistance changes in the range of 12.41-16.37kN when moving the range of working speeds in the range of 1.45-1.8 m/s. In the tillage system, it is important to loosen the rows between the vines without overturning them. Gray soil soils in Uzbekistan have different mechanical composition and are very poor in humus. Cultivation of the vineyard soil at a depth of 20-25 cm for many years leads to the formation of a plow heel, as a result of which the water-physical properties of the soil and the development of the root system deteriorate, which negatively affects the growth and yield of the plant. The leaves of the vines turn yellow, they drop their leaves early, the amount of fruits that can be obtained decreases, and accordingly the percentage of fruits that fall to the ground increases. A decrease in the water permeability of the soil prolongs the irrigation time, as a result of which water is used inefficiently. Deep softening improves the water permeability of the soil and, accordingly, increases the coefficient of effective plant use of moisture entering the soil.
Assessment of growth and development of hybrid duckling offspring
Authors: Saginbayeva Makhabat , Temirbekova Gulzhan , Sharipov Ruslan , Shamshidin Alzhan , Senkebayeva Dilora , Aryn Bexultan
Published: January 2024

Currently, for agricultural enterprises of all ownership forms in the Republic of Kazakhstan, issues related to improving breeds, crosses, and lines of waterfowl remain important. Additionally, technologies for housing and feeding that enhance the survival and productivity of poultry are of great significance. The use of the genetic resources of domestic poultry breeds in breeding work, as well as the preservation of rare and endangered populations, holds special importance due to their high adaptive qualities in terms of both the quality and quantity of the obtained products, and their suitability for local feed and eco-climatic conditions. As a result of conducted research, an assessment of the quality of paternal and maternal lines of crosses from local duck populations in the Northern region of Kazakhstan has been performed, and indicators of growth, development, and survival of the obtained hybrid offspring have been studied. The conducted research has established that the "Ansar" crossbred ducklings exhibit higher growth energy along with a 94% survival rate of the offspring in early age.
Impact of heat stress on sucrose metabolism of watermelon
Authors: Aydogan Cigdem , Turhan Ece
Published: January 2024

High temperatures (HT) are a significant threat for crop production, and strategies for maintaining high crop yields and quality under HT stress are crucial agricultural objectives. The changes in sugar metabolism during HT stress were examined in watermelon cv. Crimson Tide leaves. The leaves obtained from plants were subjected to 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60°C. Heat-stress tolerance (HST; LT50), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sucrose (Suc), reducing sugars and starch contents and some sucrolytic enzyme activities in leaf samples held at each temperature for 30 minutes were determined. The HST and H2O2 content, rose with increasing temperatures, most noticeably between 50-55°C. As a result, the LT50 value was determined to be 53.84°C. The Suc content increased almost 2-fold between 50-55°C. The reducing sugars and starch content sharply decreased with HT up to 50°C comparing to the control, however both increased almost 2-fold between 50-55°C. The H2O2 may act as a signal molecule at 40-45°C and triggers sucrose metabolism. It was determined that alkaline-INV and SuSy activities were at the maximum level at 40°C. The increase in enzyme activities has been associated with increased energy needs under stress conditions. The findings revealed that sugar metabolism contributes significantly to HST.
Determination of the content and quality agricultural techniques required for thousand hectares of cotton area
Authors: Abduvasikov Aziz , Namozov Fazliddin , Umidov Shavkat
Published: January 2024

The article presents a normative method for substantiating the composition and quantity of tractors and agricultural machinery required for 1000 hectares of cotton in the soil and climatic conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan. For the substantiation of the composition of machines (plough, disc harrow, seeder, cultivator, cotton harvester, etc.), modern equipments were selected to perform the agro-technical measures (ploughing, leveling, sowing, harvesting, etc.) identified in the technological map of cotton cultivation. In substantiating the required number of specific machine required for performing specific agricultural measure or practice per 1000 hectares, its productivity of one shift determined during testing, the duration of the shift, the number of shifts, the daily productivity, the duration of the agricultural measures and practices, the volume of seasonal work were used as arguments.
Comparative Assessment of The Climatological Conditions on The Biological Activity of Ampelocenoses Soils Cultivated in The Wine-Growing Regions of The Southern Coast of Crimea and The Eastern Part of The National Park “Fruska Gora”
Authors: Gabechaya Valeria , Andreeva Irina , Morev Dmitry
Published: January 2024

Over the last years, research interest in the use of soil biological activity indicator for predicting the state and sustainability of natural and agroecosystems has increased significantly due to climatic changes altering the location and boundaries of established agroclimatic belts. These changes are characterized by unprecedented speed, as well as spatial and temporal heterogeneity. In this regard, the identification of regularities of influence of regional agroclimatic factors on soil microbiota as an indicator of soil health under different types of land use is of great relevance. In this paper, we tried to determine the climatic factors limiting the activity of soil microbiome functioning on the basis of calculation of climatic indices in two regions of grape cultivation close in temperature regime, but contrasting in humidity, located in the Republic of Crimea and the Republic of Serbia.
Spring wheat yield prediction with empirical regression models using different biomass parameters
Authors: Aleksandrov Nikita , Evseenko Anastasia , Seregin Ivan , Buzylev Alexey , Yaroslavtsev Alexis
Published: January 2024

Transition to smart agriculture demands tools for non-invasive monitoring of cultivated plants biomass. One of the most widespread and informative biomass indicators is leaf area index (LAI). LICOR 2200C has become de facto standard in modern ecological research for non-invasive LAI estimation. In this paper, on the example of spring wheat crops of the RSAU-MTAA experimental field, the efficiency of yield and biomass parameters prediction using data from AccuPAR LP-80 and LI-COR LAI 2200C was compared. LAI data from both devices obtained at different phenological phases of spring wheat were used as predictor for spring wheat yield models. Comparing the generated models show superiority of AccuPAR LP-80 in yield prediction while LI-COR LAI 2200C shown better result in overall biomass prediction.
Spring wheat biomass estimation by proximal and remote methods in condition of academical field of central Russia
Authors: Aleksandrov Nikita , Bobrovskaya Maria , Seregin Ivan , Buzylev Alexey
Published: January 2024

The paper presents the results of comparison of remote and proximal methods of spring wheat biomass monitoring. The study showed a linear relationship between data obtained with groups of methods at early stages of plant development (tillering, booting), when at later stages (earing, flowering) - the methods showed different degrees of interchangeability and did not have a clear relationship between them.
The role of nutrition-sensitive climate-smart agriculture in ensuring global food security
Authors: Mekyassi Hiba , Kızıldeniz Tefide
Published: January 2024

Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) is a sustainable farming approach that attempts to maximize resource utilization, improve long-term agricultural sustainability, and prevent environmental degradation while improving agricultural income and production. Nutrition-Sensitive Agriculture (NSA) revolves around the connections between agriculture, food systems, and health, with the goal of ensuring that agricultural practices contribute to better nutrition and well-being. This research focuses on the deployment of a Nutrition-Sensitive Climate Smart Agriculture (NSCSA) method in order to better understand its potential benefits for global food security and nutrition. The research methodology comprises a thorough analysis and review of existing literature on CSA, NSA, and NSCSA policies and practices. To address the complex concerns of food security and nutrition in the context of climate change, the article emphasizes the significance of incorporating nutrition considerations into CSA policies and initiatives. The findings further highlight the importance of multi-stakeholder collaboration and knowledge sharing in implementing and scaling up nutrition-sensitive CSA initiatives. In conclusion, the study reveals that nutrition-sensitive CSA has the potential to help achieve sustainable development goals such as food security, nutrition, and climate change mitigation and adaptation.
Nutritional value and quality aspects of wheat produced and consumed in Albania
Authors: Mato Lorena , Damani Zamir , Osmanaj Arben , Topi Dritan
Published: January 2024

Wheat and its flour-processed foods constitute the staple food of the Albanians. Nutritional importance relates to its role as an essential source of microelements and its flexibility to be processed in a wide range (e.g., bread, pasta, pastry, baked products). Global wheat markets have become increasingly demanding concerning wheat quality indicators. The country has a tradition of wheat cultivation connected with politics in the past decades. The study has analyzed the wheat quality according to physicochemical indicators: protein, gluten, starch, moisture, and sedimentation index, by Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). A non-destructive technique based on electromagnetic wave interactions of molecules in the analyzed matrix. Seventy-five wheat samples were collected from agricultural regions during the harvesting season 2022. Protein content varied in the interval 9.6-15.0 %, with an average of 12.7 %. The gluten content analyzed was 19.4-37.5%, with an average of 27.5%. Starch content varied in the interval 66.3 -71.5 %, with an average of 68.9%. The sedimentation index was measured in the interval 21.1-57.8 with an average value of 37.6. Finally, the moisture level varied at 9.8-12.5%, indicating no wheat sample exceeded the threshold max level of 14.5%, in accordance with national and EU food legislation.
Evaluation of the effect of different doses of biochar application on the yield of soybean cultivar sculptor in the conditions of аgroecological station of K.A. Timiryazev
Authors: Tikhonova Maria , Zhigaleva Yaroslava , Iliushkova Elena , Taller Evgeny
Published: January 2024

In the conditions of the academic fields of the Timiryazev Academy (Moscow, Russia), an experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of biochar on soybean cultivar Sculptor. Plots of 0.25 ha were laid on arable sod-podzolic soils, the doses of biochar application were 3 kg/m2, 1 kg/ m2 and reference variant without application. The plots were established in triplicate. The results of the studies showed an improvement in a number of soil properties at 1 kg per m2, with more plant biomass, more stem pods per plant. With application of 3 kg per m2 - development of soybean variety Sculptor did not have the necessary effect, at the first stages soybean developed rapidly, but later only slow development of weed plants was noted. On the reference plots plants had a smaller biomass compared to the variant with the application of 1 kg per m2. Application of biochar to soybean crops shows a positive effect on yield and biomass of plants at the application dose of 1 kg per m2.