bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The onset of mental health disparities in sexual minority and majority youth: evidence from the UK Millennium Cohort Study
Authors: Booth Charlotte , Fitzsimons Emla
Published: February 2024

Decades of research shows that sexual minority youth (SMY) display heightened risk for mental health problems, although the onset of such disparities remains unclear. The Millennium Cohort Study is the largest nationally representative longitudinal study of adolescents in the United Kingdom. In this study, participants (N = 10,047, 50% female) self-reported their sexual identity at age 17 and had parent-reported mental health data, from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, reported across five waves at ages 5, 7, 11, 14, and 17. Multilevel linear spline models, stratified by sex, were used to examine mental health trajectories between sexual identity groups (completely heterosexual, mostly heterosexual, SMY). SMY showed heightened peer problems from the baseline assessment at age five, increasing over time, and heightened emotional problems from age 11, increasing over time. Mostly heterosexual youth showed heightened emotional problems at age 11 in males, and at age 17 in females. Findings are discussed in light of the literature on minority stress and gender conformity in youth. The use of parent-reported mental health data means that estimates are likely to be conservative. We conclude that interventions supporting SMY should start early and be available throughout adolescence.
HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT’S PLACE IN MACROECONOMICS REVISITED
Authors: Laidler David
Published: February 2024

I attended the now famous conferences at Sussex in 1968 and Nottingham in 1969 that preceded the later founding of both the History of Economic Thought Society in the UK and the History of Economics Society (HES) in North America. In 1969, I also helped to found the UK Money Study Group at its first conference in Hove, while in 1970 I was at Karl Brunner’s first Konstanz Seminar. In both fields, these conferences were followed by many, many more. At that time new specialist journals were also appearing. The Journal of Money, Credit and Banking (JMCB), where I had a paper in the second issue, started life in 1969. So did History of Political Economy (HOPE), but there I had nothing to submit. Ironically, given Lionel Robbins’s still notorious attack on this proposed journal at Sussex, to which I shall return below, my first completed research paper in history of economic thought (HET)—on Thomas Tooke (Laidler 1972)—was already committed to his forthcoming Festschrift.
Geochemical and Isotopic (Nd, Sr) Tracing of the Origin of REE Enrichment in the Cambrian Georgina Basin Phosphorites
Authors: Zivak Diana , Spandler Carl , Valetich Matthew
Published: February 2024

Phosphorites of the Georgina Basin (northern Australia) are an established economic source of phosphate and have recently been recognized to be a potential source of rare earth elements (REE). Previous bulk‐rock geochemistry work focused on the eastern margin of the basin revealed that phosphorites from the southern region have significantly higher (up to 0.5%) REE contents than equivalent prospects further to the north. In this study, we examine the origin of REE enrichment in the Georgina Basin phosphorites using an integrated geochemical, petrographic, mineralogical, and isotopic (Sm‐Nd and Sr) approach. The trace element geochemistry of primary phosphate minerals is consistent with a seawater origin for the REEs in phosphorites, with minimal input from the underlying basement rocks. Variations in total REE concentrations are controlled largely by the seawater composition, depositional environment, and the texture of the phosphorite (grainstone vs. mudstone phosphorite). Grainstone phosphorite yields on average higher concentrations of REEs compared to the mudstone phosphorite, likely due to the higher surface‐to‐mass ratio of the grainstone phosphorite resulting in the uptake of higher concentrations of REEs during coastal reworking. The formation of the low‐REE northern and central deposits took place during early transgression in oxidized, shallow supratidal to subtidal platformal environments. During the subsequent main transgressive event, fault‐controlled topography in the southern domain allowed phosphogenesis along basement highs to be facilitated along a redox boundary, where more saline and REE‐rich deep anoxic bottom waters, along with Fe‐cycling and bacterial mediation played a major role in the enrichment of REEs in the southern phosphorites.
Hydrodynamically‐Driven Deposition of Mud in River Systems
Authors: Dunne K. B. J. , Nittrouer J. A. , Abolfazli E. , Osborn R. , Strom K. B.
Published: February 2024

The riverine transport and deposition of mud is the primary agent of landscape construction and evolution in many fluvial and coastal environments. Previous efforts exploring this process have raised uncertainty regarding the effects of hydrodynamic and chemical controls on the transport and deposition of mud, and thus the constructions of muddy coastal and upstream environments. As such, direct measurements are necessary to constrain the deposition of mud by river systems. Here, we combine laboratory evidence and a field investigation in the Mississippi River delta to explore the controls on the riverine transport and deposition of mud. We show that the flocculation of mud, with floc diameters greater than 10 μm, in freshwater is a ubiquitous phenomenon, causing the sedimentation of mud to be driven by changes in local hydrodynamics, and thus providing an explanation for how river systems construct landscapes through the deposition of mud in both coastal and upstream environments.
The Ostracod Clumped‐Isotope Thermometer: A Novel Tool to Accurately Quantify Continental Climate Changes
Authors: Marchegiano Marta , Peral Marion , Venderickx Jeroen , Martens Koen , García‐Alix Antonio , Snoeck Christophe , Goderis Steven , Claeys Philippe
Published: February 2024

This study presents a methodological advancement in the field of clumped‐isotope (∆47) thermometry, specifically tailored for application to freshwater ostracods. The novel ostracod clumped isotope approach enables quantitative temperature and hydrological reconstruction in lacustrine records. The relationship between ∆47 and the temperature at which ostracod shell mineralized is determined by measuring ∆47 on different species grown under controlled temperatures, ranging from 4 ± 0.8 to 23 ± 0.5ºC. The excellent agreement between the presented ∆47 ostracod data and the monitored temperatures confirms that ∆47 can be applied to ostracod shells and that a vital effect is absent outside the uncertainty of measurements. Results are consistent with the carbonate clumped‐isotope unified calibration (Anderson et al., 2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gl092069), therefore, an ostracod‐specific calibration is not needed. The ostracod clumped‐isotope thermometer represents a powerful tool for terrestrial paleoclimate studies all around the world, as lakes and ostracods are found in all climatic belts.
Interannual Variations of the North Equatorial Current Across the Pacific Ocean
Authors: Liu Xueqi , Zhou Hui , Liu Hengchang
Published: February 2024

The interannual variation of the North Equatorial Current (NEC) across the North Pacific Ocean and the modulation of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) are investigated based on both observations and reduced gravity model experiments. Results reveal that the interannual variation of the NEC is highly related to El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) with unsynchronized variations both in zonal and meridional structure. The tropical and subtropical gyre branches of the NEC (NEC‐S and NEC‐N) behave antiphase variation during El Niño events with the transport of the former being enhanced and the latter being weakened across the Pacific. The NEC axis in the western/eastern Pacific shifts northward/southward during El Niño events, consistent with the meridional shift of the zero‐line of wind stress curl. Model experiments indicate that Rossby waves mainly modulate the NEC near the western boundary and the NEC‐N, while Ekman pumping modulates NEC‐S in the western basin. Meanwhile, the relationship between the interannual variation of the NEC and ENSO events is significantly modulated by different PDO phases. The PDO cold phase favors a much closer connection between the NEC and the Niño 3.4 index. The dynamics lie in that PDO‐related wind stress curl and sea level anomalies are consistent with that of El Niño, favoring the enhanced correlation between NEC and El Niño. The reverse is true for the warm phase. These results will contribute to a better understanding of the behavior of the tropical Pacific Ocean circulation and its role in climate change.
The Impact of Non‐Equilibrium Plasma Distributions on Solar Wind Measurements by Vigil's Plasma Analyser
Authors: Zhang H. , Verscharen D. , Nicolaou G.
Published: February 2024

In order to protect society from space weather impacts, we must monitor space weather and obtain early warnings for extreme events if possible. For this purpose, the European Space Agency is currently preparing to launch the Vigil mission toward the end of this decade as a space‐weather monitor at the fifth Lagrange point of the Sun–Earth system. Vigil will carry, amongst other instruments, the Plasma Analyser (PLA) to provide quasi‐continuous measurements of solar wind ions. We model the performance of the PLA instrument, considering typical solar wind plasma conditions, to compare the expected observations of PLA with the assumed input conditions of the solar wind. We evaluate the instrument performance under realistic, non‐equilibrium plasma conditions, accounting for temperature anisotropies, proton beams, and the contributions from α‐particles. We examine the accuracy of the instrument's performance over a range of input solar wind moments. We identify sources of potential errors due to non‐equilibrium plasma conditions and link these to instrument characteristics such as its angular and energy resolution and its field of view. We demonstrate the limitations of the instrument and potential improvements such as applying ground‐based fitting techniques to obtain more accurate measurements of the solar wind even under non‐equilibrium plasma conditions. The use of ground processing of plasma moments instead of on‐board processing is crucial for the extraction of reliable measurements.
RSPSSL: A novel high-fidelity Raman spectral preprocessing scheme to enhance biomedical applications and chemical resolution visualization
Authors: Hu Jiaqi , Chen Gina Jinna , Xue Chenlong , Liang Pei , Xiang Yanqun , Zhang Chuanlun , Chi Xiaokeng , Liu Guoying , Ye Yanfang , Cui Dongyu , Zhang De , yu Xiaojun , Dang Hong , Zhang Wen , Chen Junfan , Tang Quan , Guo Penglai , Ho Ho-Pui , Li Yuchao , Cong Longqing , Shum Perry Ping
Published: February 2024

Raman spectroscopy has tremendous potential for material analysis with its molecular fingerprinting capability in many branches of science and technology. It is also an emerging omics technique for metabolic profiling to shape precision medicine. However, precisely attributing vibration peaks coupled with specific environmental, instrumental, and specimen noise is problematic. Intelligent Raman spectral preprocessing to remove statistical bias noise and sample-related errors should provide a powerful tool for valuable information extraction. Here, we propose a novel Raman spectral preprocessing scheme based on self-supervised learning (RSPSSL) with high capacity and spectral fidelity. It can preprocess arbitrary Raman spectra without further training at a speed of ~1 900 spectra per second without human interference. The experimental data preprocessing trial demonstrated its excellent capacity and signal fidelity with an 88% reduction in root mean square error and a 60% reduction in infinite norm ($${L}_{{\infty }}$$

L

∞

) compared to established techniques. With this advantage, it remarkably enhanced various biomedical applications with a 400% accuracy elevation (ΔAUC) in cancer diagnosis, an average 38% (few-shot) and 242% accuracy improvement in paraquat concentration prediction, and unsealed the chemical resolution of biomedical hyperspectral images, especially in the spectral fingerprint region. It precisely preprocessed various Raman spectra from different spectroscopy devices, laboratories, and diverse applications. This scheme will enable biomedical mechanism screening with the label-free volumetric molecular imaging tool on organism and disease metabolomics profiling with a scenario of high throughput, cross-device, various analyte complexity, and diverse applications.
Non-interleaved chiral metasurfaces and neural networks enhance the spatial resolution of polarimetry
Authors: Jang Jaewon , Park Minsu , Park Yeonsang
Published: February 2024

Non-interleaved chiral metasurfaces for high-spatial-resolution polarimetry are proposed and demonstrated. Furthermore, a convolutional neural network is incorporated to analyze interferometric images with the polarization state of light, and it results in accurate Stokes parameters.
Decoding p53 tumor suppression: a crosstalk between genomic stability and epigenetic control?
Authors: Janic Ana , Abad Etna , Amelio Ivano
Published: February 2024

Genomic instability, a hallmark of cancer, is a direct consequence of the inactivation of the tumor suppressor protein p53. Genetically modified mouse models and human tumor samples have revealed that p53 loss results in extensive chromosomal abnormalities, from copy number alterations to structural rearrangements. In this perspective article we explore the multifaceted relationship between p53, genomic stability, and epigenetic control, highlighting its significance in cancer biology. p53 emerges as a critical regulator of DNA repair mechanisms, influencing key components of repair pathways and directly participating in DNA repair processes. p53 role in genomic integrity however extends beyond its canonical functions. p53 influences also epigenetic landscape, where it modulates DNA methylation and histone modifications. This epigenetic control impacts the expression of genes involved in tumor suppression and oncogenesis. Notably, p53 ability to ensure cellular response to DNA demethylation contributes to the maintenance of genomic stability by preventing unscheduled transcription of repetitive non-coding genomic regions. This latter indicates a causative relationship between the control of epigenetic stability and the maintenance of genomic integrity in p53-mediated tumor suppression. Understanding these mechanisms offers promising avenues for innovative therapeutic strategies targeting epigenetic dysregulation in cancer and emphasizes the need for further research to unravel the complexities of this relationship. Ultimately, these insights hold the potential to transform cancer treatment and prevention strategies.
Enhancing detection of topological order by local error correction
Authors: Cong Iris , Maskara Nishad , Tran Minh C. , Pichler Hannes , Semeghini Giulia , Yelin Susanne F. , Choi Soonwon , Lukin Mikhail D.
Published: February 2024

The exploration of topologically-ordered states of matter is a long-standing goal at the interface of several subfields of the physical sciences. Such states feature intriguing physical properties such as long-range entanglement, emergent gauge fields and non-local correlations, and can aid in realization of scalable fault-tolerant quantum computation. However, these same features also make creation, detection, and characterization of topologically-ordered states particularly challenging. Motivated by recent experimental demonstrations, we introduce a paradigm for quantifying topological states—locally error-corrected decoration (LED)—by combining methods of error correction with ideas of renormalization-group flow. Our approach allows for efficient and robust identification of topological order, and is applicable in the presence of incoherent noise sources, making it particularly suitable for realistic experiments. We demonstrate the power of LED using numerical simulations of the toric code under a variety of perturbations. We subsequently apply it to an experimental realization, providing new insights into a quantum spin liquid created on a Rydberg-atom simulator. Finally, we extend LED to generic topological phases, including those with non-abelian order.
WASH interventions and child diarrhea at the interface of climate and socioeconomic position in Bangladesh
Authors: Ante-Testard Pearl Anne , Rerolle Francois , Nguyen Anna T. , Ashraf Sania , Parvez Sarker Masud , Naser Abu Mohammed , Benmarhnia Tarik , Rahman Mahbubur , Luby Stephen P. , Benjamin-Chung Jade , Arnold Benjamin F.
Published: February 2024

Many diarrhea-causing pathogens are climate-sensitive, and populations with the lowest socioeconomic position (SEP) are often most vulnerable to climate-related transmission. Household Water, Sanitation, and Handwashing (WASH) interventions constitute one potential effective strategy to reduce child diarrhea, especially among low-income households. Capitalizing on a cluster randomized trial population (360 clusters, 4941 children with 8440 measurements) in rural Bangladesh, one of the world’s most climate-sensitive regions, we show that improved WASH substantially reduces diarrhea risk with largest benefits among children with lowest SEP and during the monsoon season. We extrapolated trial results to rural Bangladesh regions using high-resolution geospatial layers to identify areas most likely to benefit. Scaling up a similar intervention could prevent an estimated 734 (95% CI 385, 1085) cases per 1000 children per month during the seasonal monsoon, with marked regional heterogeneities. Here, we show how to extend large-scale trials to inform WASH strategies among climate-sensitive and low-income populations.
Recurrent evolutionary switches of mitochondrial cytochrome c maturation systems in Archaeplastida
Authors: Li Huang , Akella Soujanya , Engstler Carina , Omini Joy J. , Rodriguez Moira , Obata Toshihiro , Carrie Chris , Cerutti Heriberto , Mower Jeffrey P.
Published: February 2024

Mitochondrial cytochrome c maturation (CCM) requires heme attachment via distinct pathways termed systems I and III. The mosaic distribution of these systems in Archaeplastida raises questions about the genetic mechanisms and evolutionary forces promoting repeated evolution. Here, we show a recurrent shift from ancestral system I to the eukaryotic-specific holocytochrome c synthase (HCCS) of system III in 11 archaeplastid lineages. Archaeplastid HCCS is sufficient to rescue mutants of yeast system III and Arabidopsis system I. Algal HCCS mutants exhibit impaired growth and respiration, and altered biochemical and metabolic profiles, likely resulting from deficient CCM and reduced cytochrome c-dependent respiratory activity. Our findings demonstrate that archaeplastid HCCS homologs function as system III components in the absence of system I. These results elucidate the evolutionary trajectory and functional divergence of CCM pathways in Archaeplastida, providing insight into the causes, mechanisms, and consequences of repeated cooption of an entire biological pathway.
Impact of ageing on homologous and human-coronavirus-reactive antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination or infection
Authors: Zhou Fan , Vahokoski Juha ,   Bergen COVID-19 Research Group, Øyen Siri , Sævik Marianne , Høyland Hanne , Sandnes Helene H. , Madsen Anders , Brokstad Karl A. , Mohn Kristin G. I. , Tøndel Camilla , Langeland Nina , Cox Rebecca J.
Published: February 2024

The endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs) circulate worldwide yet remain understudied and unmitigated. The observation of elevated levels of HCoV reactive antibodies in COVID-19 patients highlights the urgent necessity of better understanding of HCoV specific immunity. Here, we characterized in-depth the de novo SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody responses and the boosting of HCoV-reactive antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination or infection in individuals up to 98 years old. All the vaccinees were home-dwelling with no documented SARS-CoV-2 infection before receiving the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2). The first two vaccine doses elicited potent SARS-CoV-2 spike binding antibodies in individuals up to 80 years. The third dose largely boosted the previously low S2 domain binding and neutralizing antibodies in elderly 80–90 years old, but less so in those above 90 years. The endemic betacoronavirus (HKU1 and OC43) reactive antibodies were boosted in all vaccinees, although to a lesser extent in those above 80 years old. COVID-19 patients had potent elevation of alpha- and betacoronavirus (229E, NL63, HKU1 and OC43) reactive antibodies. In both patients and vaccinees, S2 domain specific antibody increases correlated with SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing and HCoV-reactive antibody responses in all ages, indicating S2 domain as a candidate for future universal coronavirus vaccine design.
Emergent temperature sensitivity of soil organic carbon driven by mineral associations
Authors: Georgiou Katerina , Koven Charles D. , Wieder William R. , Hartman Melannie D. , Riley William J. , Pett-Ridge Jennifer , Bouskill Nicholas J. , Abramoff Rose Z. , Slessarev Eric W. , Ahlström Anders , Parton William J. , Pellegrini Adam F. A. , Pierson Derek , Sulman Benjamin N. , Zhu Qing , Jackson Robert B.
Published: February 2024

Soil organic matter decomposition and its interactions with climate depend on whether the organic matter is associated with soil minerals. However, data limitations have hindered global-scale analyses of mineral-associated and particulate soil organic carbon pools and their benchmarking in Earth system models used to estimate carbon cycle–climate feedbacks. Here we analyse observationally derived global estimates of soil carbon pools to quantify their relative proportions and compute their climatological temperature sensitivities as the decline in carbon with increasing temperature. We find that the climatological temperature sensitivity of particulate carbon is on average 28% higher than that of mineral-associated carbon, and up to 53% higher in cool climates. Moreover, the distribution of carbon between these underlying soil carbon pools drives the emergent climatological temperature sensitivity of bulk soil carbon stocks. However, global models vary widely in their predictions of soil carbon pool distributions. We show that the global proportion of model pools that are conceptually similar to mineral-protected carbon ranges from 16 to 85% across Earth system models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 and offline land models, with implications for bulk soil carbon ages and ecosystem responsiveness. To improve projections of carbon cycle–climate feedbacks, it is imperative to assess underlying soil carbon pools to accurately predict the distribution and vulnerability of soil carbon.
Reduced economic disparity in biologics use for psoriasis after introducing the reducing copayment program
Authors: Jung Hyemin , Kim Seong Rae , Cho Soo Ick , Jo Seong Jin
Published: February 2024

Biologics for psoriasis are efficient and safe, but very expensive. We investigated the association of the reducing copayment program (RCP) with changes in biologics use patterns depending on the income levels of patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis. This nationwide cohort study included patients identified as having moderate-to-severe psoriasis between 2014 and 2020. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio for the use of biologics according to income levels. Among 57,139 patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis, 3464 (6.1%) used biologics for psoriasis from 2014 to 2020. After the introduction of RCP in 2017, the proportion of patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis using biologics rapidly increased from 5.0% in 2016 to 19.2% in 2020; the increase was more remarkable in patients with the lowest or mid-low income compared to those with Medical Aid. Drug survival of biologics was higher in patients with the highest income before the RCP, but became comparable between those with high and low incomes after RCP introduction. The introduction of RCP was associated with an increased use of biologics in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis of all income levels; however, the effect was more pronounced in low-income patients. The RCP may contribute to alleviating the disparity in access to biologics.
A pivotal role for the IL-1β and the inflammasome in preterm labor
Authors: Lopez T. E. , Zhang H. , Bouysse E. , Neiers F. , Ye X. Y. , Garrido C. , Wendremaire M. , Lirussi Frédéric
Published: February 2024

During labor, monocytes infiltrate massively the myometrium and differentiate into macrophages secreting high levels of reactive oxygen species and of pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e. IL-1β), leading to myometrial contraction. Although IL-1β is clearly implicated in labor, its function and that of the inflammasome complex that cleaves the cytokine in its active form, has never been studied on steps preceding contraction. In this work, we used our model of lipopolysaccharide-induced preterm labor to highlight their role. We demonstrated that IL-1β was secreted by the human myometrium during labor or in presence of infection and was essential for myometrial efficient contractions as its blockage with an IL-1 receptor antagonist (Anakinra) or a neutralizing antibody completely inhibited the induced contractions. We evaluated the implication of the inflammasome on myometrial contractions and differentiation stages of labor onset. We showed that the effects of macrophage-released IL-1β in myometrial cell transactivation were blocked by inhibition of the inflammasome, suggesting that the inflammasome by producing IL-1β was essential in macrophage/myocyte crosstalk during labor. These findings provide novel innovative approaches in the management of preterm labor, specifically the use of an inflammasome inhibitor to block the precursor stages of labor before the acquisition of the contractile phenotype.
Proteomics of appetite-regulating system influenced by menstrual cycle and intensive exercise in female athletes: a pilot study
Authors: Tanabe Kazuhiro , Kamemoto Kayoko , Kawaguchi Yoshimasa , Fushimi Kai , Wong Sing Ying , Ikegami Nodoka , Sakamaki-Sunaga Mikako , Hayashi Nobuhiro
Published: February 2024

Female athletes who endure intense training are at risk of developing the 'female athlete triad,' making energy intake management crucial. However, the fluctuations in estradiol and progesterone levels throughout the menstrual cycle present a challenge in maintaining consistent energy intake. This study aimed to uncover the underlying factors associated with appetite regulation linked to menstrual phases and exercise using proteomic approach. Five female athletes engaged in 60 min of bicycle exercise, followed by 90 min of rest, during both the follicular and luteal phases. Serum samples were collected before, during, and after exercise, and the serum proteome was analyzed using 2D-gel electrophoresis. A total of 511 spots were detected in the subjects' serum profiles, with significant decreases observed in haptoglobin during the luteal phase and complement component 3 during bicycle training. Unsupervised learning with a generalized estimating equation analysis showed that serum peptide YY (PYY), an appetite suppressor, significantly influenced the fluctuations of serum proteins induced by exercise (p < 0.05). Regression analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between PYY and serum IgM (R = 0.87), implying that the intestinal environment and the immune response in female athletes may contribute to appetite regulation.
Optimization of gearbox housing shape for agricultural UTV using structural–acoustic coupled analysis
Authors: Kim Beom-Soo , Han Hyun-Woo , Chung Woo-Jin , Park Young-Jun
Published: February 2024

In this study, gearbox radiated noise was successfully reduced through housing shape optimization. First, dynamic and structural–acoustic coupled analysis models of an agricultural UTV gearbox were developed. Then, the test equipment was configured to match that of the simulation model, and a test was conducted. The analysis and test results showed errors within 0.1 dB for vibration and 0.2 dB(A) for noise, indicating that the models were reliable. The housing design was then optimized using topology optimization based on the developed structural–acoustic coupling analysis model. The sound pressure level around the housing was used as an objective function for topology optimization. The optimal distribution of materials for the housing was also derived to reduce the radiated noise. Lastly, the housing rib was designed based on the optimization result, and an improvement in the radiated noise by approximately 2.43 dB(A) was confirmed in the operation area.
Variation in body size and weight status among Hindu and Muslim Indian males born in the 1890s through the 1950s
Authors: Liczbińska Grażyna , Gautam Rajesh K. , Bharati Premananda , Malina Robert M.
Published: February 2024

Hindus and Muslims represent the two largest religions in India, and also differ in nutritional status, health-related habits and standard of living associated with economic disparities. In this context, the present study considered estimated secular changes in body size, proportions, and weight status among Hindu and Muslim Indian men. The data are from anthropological surveys in the 1970s which included measurements of height, weight and sitting height of 43,950 males 18–84 years (birth years 1891–1957). Leg length was estimated; the BMI and sitting height/height ratio were calculated. Heights of men 35 + years were adjusted for estimated height loss with age. Weight status was also classified relative to WHO criteria for the BMI. Anthropometric characteristics of the two groups were compared with MANCOVA with age and geographic region as covariates. Linear regression of height on year of birth was also used to estimate secular change in each group. Heights, weights, and BMIs tended to be, on average, greater among Muslim than Hindu men at most ages, while distributions by weight status between groups were negligible. Sitting height was greater among Muslim men but estimated leg length did not differ between groups; the sitting height/height ratio thus suggested proportionally shorter legs among Muslim men. Results of the regression analyses indicated negligible differences in secular change between groups across the total span of birth years but indicated a decline in adjusted heights of men in both groups born between 1891 through 1930s and little secular change among those born in the 1930s through 1957. The variation in heights, weights and BMIs between Muslim and Hindu men at most ages suggested variation in socio-economic status and dietary habits between the groups, whereas the negligible estimated secular changes in height between groups likely reflected economic, social, and nutritional conditions during the interval of British rule and the transition to independence.
Bentonite as eco-friendly natural mineral support for Pd/CoFe2O4 catalyst applied in toluene diamine synthesis
Authors: Hatvani-Nagy Alpár F. , Hajdu Viktória , Ilosvai Ágnes Mária , Muránszky Gábor , Sikora Emőke , Kristály Ferenc , Daróczi Lajos , Viskolcz Béla , Fiser Béla , Vanyorek László
Published: February 2024

Toluene diamine (TDA) is a major raw material in the polyurethane industry and thus, its production is highly important. TDA is obtained through the catalytic hydrogenation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT). In this study a special hydrogenation catalyst has been developed by decomposition cobalt ferrite nanoparticles onto a natural clay-oxide nanocomposite (bentonite) surface using a microwave-assisted solvothermal method. The catalyst particles were examined by TEM and X-ray diffraction. The palladium immobilized on the bentonite crystal surface was identified using an XRD and HRTEM device. The obtained catalyst possesses the advantageous property of being easily separable due to its magnetizability on a natural mineral support largely available and obtained through low carbon- and energy footprint methods. The catalyst demonstrated outstanding performance with a 2,4-DNT conversion rate exceeding 99% along with high yields and selectivity towards 2,4-TDA and all of this achieved within a short reaction time. Furthermore, the developed catalyst exhibited excellent stability, attributed to the strong interaction between the catalytically active metal and its support. Even after four cycles of reuse, the catalytic activity remained unaffected and the Pd content of the catalyst did not change, which indicates that the palladium component remained firmly attached to the magnetic support's surface.
Climate change contribution to the 2023 autumn temperature records in Vienna
Authors: Laimighofer Johannes , Formayer Herbert
Published: February 2024

Global monthly mean temperature continuously broke records in the year 2023 since June till October. This also happened widespread at September and October in Austria, but monthly temperature records on a local scale, such as in the mid latitudes like Austria, show less persistence than global or continental averages. This makes the autumn temperature extremes in Vienna (Austria) even more striking. Considering the compound occurrence of such an event at actual climate results in a return period of 324 years, which makes it extraordinary itself. Considering climate change, the compound event of two consecutive extreme high temperature records in autumn 2023 yields return periods of about 10,000 years until the second half of the twentieth century, which partly exceeds the length of the Holocene. Focusing on moderate compound extremes of the last 10 years (2014–2023), these reach return periods of 100 years up to 1960, but are now likely to happen every 15 years. Compound extremes in summer (July and August) present a higher decrease of the return period in Vienna over the last 250 years, possible leading to even more severe impacts on ecosystems and society.
A robust approach for computing solutions of fractional-order two-dimensional Helmholtz equation
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad , Li Zitian , Kumar Devendra , Alsayaad Yahya
Published: February 2024

The Helmholtz equation plays a crucial role in the study of wave propagation, underwater acoustics, and the behavior of waves in the ocean environment. The Helmholtz equation is also used to describe propagation through ocean waves, such as sound waves or electromagnetic waves. This paper presents the Elzaki transform residual power series method ($${\mathbb {E}}$$
E
T-RPSM) for the analytical treatment of fractional-order Helmholtz equation. To develop this scheme, we combine Elzaki transform ($${\mathbb {E}}$$
E
T) with residual power series method (RPSM). The fractional derivatives are described in Caputo sense. The $${\mathbb {E}}$$
E
T is capable of handling the fractional order and turning the problem into a recurrence form, which is the novelty of our paper. We implement RPSM in such a way that this recurrence relation generates the results in the form of an iterative series. Two numerical applications are considered to demonstrate the efficiency and authenticity of this scheme. The obtained series are determined very quickly and converge to the exact solution only after a few iterations. Graphical plots and absolute error are shown to observe the authenticity of this suggested approach.
Electro-hydrodynamic programming reshapes liquid crystal dynamics in free-form director fields
Authors: Ghorapade Vinayak , Wang Wei-Chih
Published: February 2024

This study unveils a groundbreaking technique leveraging the superposition of electric field vectors to manipulate liquid crystals (LCs). Demonstrated through a simple configuration of four independent electrodes at the corners of a rectangular enclosure, notably, this configuration can be further simplified or modified as needed, showcasing the versatility of the approach. Significantly, the design showcased in the paper eliminates the need for an alignment layer, highlighting the versatility of the method. Through nuanced adjustments in waveforms, amplitudes, frequencies, and phases in AC or DC from these electrodes, precise control over LC shape deformation and dynamic phase transformation is achieved in both temporal and spatial dimensions. In contrast to traditional methods, the approach presented here abolishes alignment layers and intricate electrode-array systems, opting for a streamlined configuration with varying AC frequencies and DC electric signals. This innovative methodology, founded on simplified governing equations from Q-tensor hydrodynamics theory, demonstrates true 3D control over LCs, displaying efficiency in electrode usage beyond current arrays. The study's contributions extend to temporal control emphasis, superposition techniques, and the elimination of fixed electrodes, promising unprecedented possibilities for programming LC materials and advancing the field of programmable LC devices.
Neutrophil extracellular trap-associated risk index for predicting outcomes and response to Wnt signaling inhibitors in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Huang Zhidong , Wang Jinhui , Sun Bo , Qi Mengyang , Gao Shuang , Liu Hong
Published: February 2024

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a type of breast cancer with poor prognosis, which is prone to distant metastasis and therapy resistance. The presence of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) contributes to the progression of breast cancer and is an efficient predictor of TNBC. We obtained the bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing data from public databases. Firstly, we identified five NET-related genes and constructed NET-related subgroups. Then, we constructed a risk index with three pivotal genes based on the differentially expressed genes between subgroups. Patients in the high-risk group had worse prognosis, clinicopathological features, and therapy response than low-risk group. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the low-risk group was enriched in Wnt signaling pathway, and surprisingly, the drug sensitivity prediction showed that Wnt signaling pathway inhibitors had higher drug sensitivity in the low-risk group. Finally, verification experiments in vitro based on MDA-MB-231 and BT-549 cells showed that tumor cells with low-risk scores had less migration, invasion, and proliferative abilities and high drug sensitivity to Wnt signaling pathway inhibitors. In this study, multi-omics analysis revealed that genes associated with NETs may influence the occurrence, progression, and treatment of TNBC. Moreover, the bioinformatics analysis and cell experiments demonstrated that the risk index could predict the population of TNBC likely to benefit from treatment with Wnt signaling pathway inhibitors.
Horizontally forced initiation of the Izu-Bonin-Mariana subduction zone
Authors: Liu Liang , Li Hong-Yan , Liu Lijun , Ryan Jeffrey G. , Morgan Jason P. , Ren Ke-Xin , Xu Yi-Gang
Published: February 2024

The sparsity of a direct record for the moment of subduction zone initiation has led to various models describing the infancy and evolution of modern oceanic subduction systems. Recently, with increases in available samples and geochemical data for subduction zone initiation-to-mature-arc lavas, better constraints on subduction evolution are possible. Here, by systemically modeling the time-space pattern and geochemical characters of forearc magmas with forward numerical modeling, we attempt to search for a best-fit geodynamic scenario where Izu-Bonin-Mariana-type subduction tends to develop. Our modeling and geochemical constraints have identified a necessary and possibly transitory pre-subduction zone initiation trenchward contraction consistent with observed Izu-Bonin-Mariana forearc magma geochemistry. Our results also reveal a typical maturation process for Izu-Bonin-Mariana-type oceanic subductions, controlled by the pace of the upper plate’s rifting and solidification.
The effect of psilocybin on empathy and prosocial behavior: a proposed mechanism for enduring antidepressant effects
Authors: Bhatt Kush V. , Weissman Cory R.
Published: February 2024

Psilocybin is a serotonergic psychedelic shown to have enduring antidepressant effects. Currently, the mechanism for its enduring effects is not well understood. Empathy and prosocial behavior may be important for understanding the therapeutic benefit of psilocybin. In this article we review the effect of psilocybin on empathy and prosocial behavior. Moreover, we propose that psilocybin may induce a positive feedback loop involving empathy and prosocial behavior which helps explain the observed, enduring antidepressant effects.
Native mass spectrometry analysis of conjugated HSA and BSA complexes with various flavonoids
Authors: Alexander Nicolas , McDonald Lucas , Wesdemiotis Chrys , Pang Yi
Published: February 2024

Albumin protein has multiple binding sites for drugs. By electron-ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), the albumin protein in its native conformation is shown to form an albumin–flavone complex in a 1 : 1 ratio.
Mapping of uranium particles on J-type swipes with microextraction-ICP-MS
Authors: Bradley Veronica C. , Burleson Jacob , Andrews Hunter B. , Thompson Cyril V. , Spano Tyler L. , Dunlap Daniel R. , Zirakparvar N. Alex , Ticknor Brian W. , Hexel Cole R. , Manard Benjamin T.
Published: February 2024

A microextraction sampling system coupled to a quadrupole inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) was utilized to spatially discern uranium particles, isotopically, on a cellulose-based swipe material (i.e., J-type swipe).
Applications, advancements, and challenges of 3D bioprinting in organ transplantation
Authors: Huang Guobin , Zhao Yuanyuan , Chen Dong , Wei Lai , Hu Zhiping , Li Junbo , Zhou Xi , Yang Bo , Chen Zhishui
Published: February 2024

To date, organ transplantation remains an effective method for treating end-stage diseases of various organs.
From a mercury(ii) bis(yldiide) complex to actinide yldiides
Authors: Jörges Mike , Gremillion Alexander J. , Knyszek Daniel , Kelley Steven P. , Walensky Justin R. , Gessner Viktoria H.
Published: February 2024

A bis(yldiide) mercury complex [Hg{C(PPh3)(SPPh2)}2] has been isolated and used as a mild transmetalation reagent to form the first substituted actinide yldiide complexes, which exhibit highly polar metal carbon interactions.
Computational approach inspired advancements of solid-state electrolytes for lithium secondary batteries: from first-principles to machine learning
Authors: Zheng Zhuoyuan , Zhou Jie , Zhu Yusong
Published: February 2024

The utilization of computational approaches at various scales, including first-principles calculations, MD simulations, multi-physics modeling, and machine learning techniques, has been instrumental in expediting the advancement of SSEs.
Active learning of neural network potentials for rare events
Authors: Jung Gang Seob , Choi Jong Youl , Lee Sangkeun Matthew
Published: February 2024

Developing an automated active learning framework for Neural Network Potentials, focusing on accurately simulating bond-breaking in hexane chains through steered molecular dynamics sampling and assessing model transferability.
The impact of A-site cations on the crystal structure and magnetism of the new double perovskites ALaCoTeO6 (A = Na and K)
Authors: Wu Haoyu , Fang Zhilin , Jiang Pengfei , Yang Tao
Published: February 2024

The antiferromagnetic transition temperatures (TN) of the perovskite family A2CoTeO6 or AA′CoTeO6 are positively correlated to the average radius of the A-site cations.
Non-covalent interactions in molecular architectures and solvent-free catalytic activity towards CO2 fixation of mononuclear Co(iii) complexes installed on modified Schiff base ligands
Authors: Barman Souvik , Das Dhiraj , Pal Kuntal
Published: February 2024

Non-covalent interactions within crystal lattices of a set of Co(iii) complexes installed on modified Schiff base ligands were quantified using the Hirshfeld surface analysis. The catalytic activity of Co(iii) complexes was studied towards solvent-free CO2 activation under mild conditions.
Moving beyond silver in point-of-use drinking water pathogen control
Authors: Huffman Daniel P. , Pitell Sarah , Moncure Paige , Stout Janet , Millstone Jill E. , Haig Sarah-Jane , Gilbertson Leanne M.
Published: February 2024

Managing drinking water-associated pathogens that can cause infections in immunocompromised individuals is a persistent challenge, particularly for healthcare facilities where occupant exposures carry a substantial health risk.
Used tissue paper as a 3D substrate for non-enzyme glucose sensors
Authors: Chen Zhiyu , Li Lei , Xiao Xuanyu , Zhang Yuxin , Zhang Jieyu , Jiang Qing , Hu Xuefeng , Wang Yunbing
Published: February 2024

Used tissue paper was recycled as the template of the sensor by a green method.
Triphase photocatalytic water-gas-shift reaction for hydrogen production with enhanced interfacial diffusion at gas–liquid–solid interfaces
Authors: Chen Huige , Li Zhenhua , Zhou Chao , Shi Run , Zhang Tierui
Published: February 2024

Supporting Rh/TiO2 on hydrophobic gas diffusion layers enhanced the photocatalytic WGS for H2 production. Triphase interfaces play a crucial role in interfacial CO mass transfer, especially at low CO concentrations.
Anti-corrosion properties of bio-inspired surfaces: a systematic review of recent research developments
Authors: Ma Qingyun , Yang Qing , Zhang Jialiang , Ren Fangzheng , Xia Chongxiao , Chen Feng
Published: February 2024

This review presents three nature-inspired anti-corrosion strategies, discusses the challenges associated with them, and provides an overview of their research advancements in recent years.
Determination of vitamins K1, K2, B6, and D3 using reduced graphene oxide fabricated using a bismuth nanoparticle embedded polypyrrole nanocomposite based optical sensor
Authors: Mughal Zaib un Nisa , Shaikh Huma , Memon Shahabuddin , Sirajuddin
Published: February 2024

Detection of vitamins K1, K2, B6, and D3 in human blood serum/plasma using the reduced Graphene Oxide fabricated with bismuth nanoparticles embedded polypyrrole nanocomposite (rGO/pPy/Bi NC) as an optical sensing material.
Unusual Ni⋯Ni interaction in Ni(ii) complexes as potential inhibitors for the development of new anti-SARS-CoV-2 Omicron drugs
Authors: Singh Simranjeet , Choudhary Mukesh
Published: February 2024

In this study, two nickel(ii) coordination complexes [Ni(L)]2(1) and [Ni(L)]n(2) of a tetradentate-N2O2 donor Schiff base ligand (H2L) were synthesized, designed and characterized via spectroscopic and SC-XRD analysis, and molecular docking study.
Use of nano-enabled approaches to advance acupuncture therapy for disease management
Authors: Xu Wenjie , Xiao Yu , Wang Peng , Meng Huan , Liu Qingquan
Published: February 2024

Nanotechnology may help provide new evidence to verify acupuncture theory, improve the features of acupuncture needles and their clinical effects by combining with drug delivery, and even enable new therapeutic methods.
A mitochondria-targeted fluorescent probe with viscosity sensitivity to distinguish between normal and cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Langdi , Li Guofang , Zheng Hua , Lin Weiying
Published: February 2024

Viscosity is one of the key factors of the mitochondrial microenvironment, and any abnormal change in the viscosity is not conducive to the normal functioning of the mitochondria.
C–H activation-initiated spiroannulation reactions and their applications in the synthesis of spirocyclic compounds
Authors: Zhou Qianting , Li Bin , Zhang Xinying , Fan Xuesen
Published: February 2024

This review summarizes the most recent progress made in C–H bond activation-initiated spiroannulation reactions and their applications in the construction of structurally diverse and biologically valuable spirocyclic scaffolds.
Cu intercalation and defect engineering realize an atomic-scale hydrogen spillover effect in NbS2 to boost acidic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Yue Haoyu , Guo Zhongnan , Fan Jiaqi , Wang Pu , Zhen Shuang , Yuan Wenxia
Published: February 2024

A Pt-free single-component HER electrocatalyst Cu0.4NbS2-δ was synthesized. It is demonstrated that the atomic-scale hydrogen spillover pathways can be constructed in NbS2 by Cu intercalation and S vacancy.