bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Del artificio natural de la política
Authors: Sánchez Tortosa José
Published: October 2017

El análisis de los fundamentos conceptuales de lo político en la obra de Aristóteles exige una contextualización etimológica, histórica y filosófica de sus términos clave y vincularlo al marco general del sistema ontológico aristotélico. Desde esa plataforma, es posible abordar el patrón teórico propuesto, principalmente, en los libros I y III de la Política, para medir el grado de desviación o de aproximación con respecto a la línea vectorial teleológica de lo político: el gobierno correcto con vistas al bien común, así como su aplicación para un diagnóstico preciso de los fenómenos políticos de la Historia y de nuestros días.
Sobre las dos fuentes de la técnica y de la invención en Henri Bergson
Authors: Cortina Urdampilleta Álvaro
Published: October 2017

Este artículo versa sobre el problema de la técnica en Henri Bergson, particularmente en su libro Las dos fuentes de la moral y de la religión, de 1932. En una primera sección del artículo ofrezco una perspectiva histórica del problema de la técnica en la obra del Bergson maduro, desde su génesis hasta su desarrollo, y de ahí a su posterior culminación, en 1932. En la segunda sección propongo una interpretación del problema como tal. Esta primera sección histórica contiene tres pasos evolutivos. Parte del las consideraciones del autor sobre la inteligencia y sus relaciones con la técnica o capacidad de invención en La evolución creadora, de 1907. Aquí se da cuenta de una noción optimista de la técnica. En un segundo episodio, muestro la subsiguiente visión de Bergson de la técnica como amenaza para la humanidad que se puede encontrar en sus discursos anti-alemanes durante la Primera Guerra Mundial (1914-1918). A continuación, esta investigación pondera el contexto de 1932, año de publicación del ensayó en cuestión. En ese libro, la técnica no sólo va ligada a la amenaza de una guerra técnica sino también a la amenaza de una decadencia espiritual. La segunda sección tiene un propósito doctrinal, exclusivamente en relación a Las dos fuentes. La tesis es que si, como dice el mismo título, la moral y la religión tienen dos fuentes en Bergson, una biológica y otra espiritual, también la técnica tiene dos fuentes. La técnica es una suerte de tercera vía en un ensayo en el que se contrapone biología y espíritu. Las dos fuentes de la técnica dejan de lado la biología. Son, según mi interpretación, la inteligencia y el espíritu. En primer lugar, sostengo que aunque en el ensayo hay una visión negativa de la inteligencia, se puede encontrar otra positiva, según la cual la inteligencia es una de las dos fuentes del espíritu de invención y de la técnica. Además, en segundo lugar, muestro que la segunda fuente de la técnica es el espíritu o alma abierta. La técnica es potencialmente un agente de progreso, como el cristianismo o la democracia. Por último, en este artículo considero la peculiar filosofía del progreso en Bergson y su relación con nuestro problema.
Forced Silence: Determinants of Journalist Killings in Mexico's States, 2010–2015
Authors: Brambila J. A.
Published: October 2017

Why are some subnational states more dangerous for journalists? This exploratory article assesses the association of social variables with the murders of journalists within one single country, Mexico, where forty-one journalists were killed from 2010 to 2015. The article suggests that the violent deaths of journalists in Mexico's thirty-two states are more likely to happen in those subnational polities with high levels of social violence, internal conflict, severe violations of human rights, low democratic development, and economic inequality. The implications of this research and policy recommendations are discussed within the conclusion.
El lento camino de la adaptación. Análisis comparado de los patrones de inversión y los ciclos de acumulación de riqueza en las colonias agrícolas de Brasil y Argentina (1860-1884)
Authors: Luis Martiren Juan
Published: October 2017

El presente trabajo pretende analizar en perspectiva comparada el comportamiento de los ciclos de acumulación y distribución de la riqueza rural en las colonias agrícolas de Brasil y Argentina. Se toman para ello dos casos representativos de los mayores centros de colonización

en ambos países: por un lado, la colonia San Carlos, situada en la provincia argentina de Santa Fe, y por otro el Cuarto Distrito de la colonia São Leopoldo, emplazada en la entonces provincia de Rio Grande do Sul, entre 1860 y 1884. Mediante la utilización de fuentes fiscales,

estadísticas varias e inventarios post mortem se buscará estudiar cómo las distintas lógicas de producción y las condiciones edafológicas imperantes en ambas colonias – producción diversificada vs. especialización cerealera – impactaron en los proceso de creación de riqueza y en su distribución.
A casa na parcela: a construção do lugar da família nos assentamentos da Zona da Mata de Pernambuco
Authors: Micaelo Ana Luísa
Published: October 2017

O modelo de reforma agrária colocado em prática no Brasil nas últimas três décadas presume uma espécie de quadro atemporal, baseando-se numa unidade operativa de família nuclear que não comporta a noção de prolongamento temporal e reprodução intergeracional.

Apesar de a reprodução familiar ser uma das preocupações mais características das comunidades camponesas, a sucessão não foi prevista neste processo. De forma a compreendermos como os assentados lidaram com essa situação, este artigo apresenta uma análise etnográfica

das casas num assentamento rural da Zona da Mata de Pernambuco

onde ocorreu um debate intenso entre diferentes modelos de organização espacial. Partindo então da observação da diversidade de categorias e materiais das casas, propõe-se uma interpretação do seu significado ligado à historicidade das dinâmicas familiares e aos sentidos

locais de posse da terra.
Quero ser senhor do meu fucinho”: a face agrária da Revolução Federalista nas matas do Rio Grande do Sul (1893-1895)
Authors: Antônio Both da Silva Marcio
Published: October 2017

Neste artigo, a partir da análise de fontes que foram produzidas por pessoas que tiveram participação na Revolução Federalista (1893-1895), seja como soldados rasos ou como lideranças militares e políticas, da contraposição desses documentos com a bibliografia que tratou de estudar o evento, busco discutir os diferentes sentidos que a Revolução Federalista

adotou na região de matas do Rio Grande do Sul – municípios de Cruz

Alta, Palmeira das Missões, Passo Fundo e Santo Ângelo. Interessa mostrar o

quanto os variados significados expressavam a condição social e as situações

então experimentadas pelas populações rurais que viviam na região.
Para uma biografia da pequena propriedade rural no oeste catarinense
Authors: Renk Arlene , Winckler Silvana
Published: October 2017

Este texto é uma tentativa de traçar uma biografia da pequena propriedade rural no oeste catarinense. Esta surge nas franjas

das fazendas e nas áreas florestais dos Campos de Palmas. Após a Guerra

do Contestado, dezenas de empresas colonizadoras

instalam-se na região para vender pequenas glebas aos agricultores

oriundos do Rio Grande do Sul. Essa pequena propriedade, tal como um personagem, em período de emancipação, expande-se pelo território, ocupando as áreas florestais, desencadeando conflitos

com povos indígenas e autóctones para firmar-se como o modelo de colonização. As lutas pela cidadania conduzem os proprietários ao engajamento em movimentos sociais e à conquista de

terras. No momento de maturidade, são enfrentados crises e desafios do modelo neo desenvolvimentista, com grandes projetos que rebatem no interior desse modelo de estrutura agrária.
O corpo feminino na obra de Adriana Varejão: transgressão e ruptura
Authors: Teixeira Nincia Borges
Published: October 2017

O presente artigo analisa a representação do corpo feminino na obra da artista plástica Adriana Varejão, reconhecendo a arte como veículo de significação e comunicação visual. O corpo é uma forma de identificação do feminino e do masculino, mas é especialmente tido como um estigma da representação do poder masculino. Em toda a história fica evidente a divisão entre o público, no que se refere aos papéis masculinos, e do privado, quanto aos papéis femininos. É para o âmbito da representação artística que voltaremos nosso olhar, ou seja, análise de como se dá o olhar estético do autor na captação da concepção dominante na poética do corpo feminino. Adotamos o método hermenêutico de análise, a hermenêutica moderna engloba não somente textos escritos, mas também tudo que há no processo interpretativo. Isso inclui formas verbais e não verbais de comunicação, assim como aspectos que afetam a comunicação. Interpretar significa atribuir o conteúdo, sentido e alcance de um texto normativo, visando a sua aplicação a um caso concreto.
A imagística da escrita nos extremos da obra de Clarice Lispector
Authors: Linné Vinicius , Becker Paulo Ricardo
Published: October 2017

O presente artigo baseia-se na obra A imagística de Shakespeare, de Caroline Spurgeon (2006), cuja finalidade foi reunir, catalogar e analisar todas as metáforas presentes na obra do clássico escritor inglês. Neste caso, porém, serão analisadas apenas as metáforas, símiles, comparações e referências acerca da escrita e da criação literária contidas nos dois extremos da produção de Clarice Lispector. Ou seja, de um lado, será considerado Perto do coração selvagem (1964), primeiro romance publicado pela autora, e de outro Um sopro de vida: pulsações (1978), de publicação póstuma. Para isso, será utilizado o método de Análise de conteúdo, desenvolvido por Bardin (2011), no qual a análise textual é feita de modo quanti e qualitativo. Assim, as imagens são grifadas, reunidas, categorizadas e ponderadas conforme sua frequência de aparição. O objetivo é verificar como a temática da criação literária progrediu ao longo da produção da autora, além de explorar a representação de maior relevância para Lispector: a demiurgia, tratada aqui com base nas teorias de Austin (1990) e Cassirer (2009).
The kidney cancer research priority-setting partnership: Identifying the top 10 research priorities as defined by patients, caregivers, and expert clinicians
Authors: Jones Jennifer , Bhatt Jaimin , Avery Jonathan , Laupacis Andreas , Cowan Katherine , Basappa Naveen , Basiuk Joan , Canil Christina , Al-Asaaed Sohaib , Heng Daniel , Wood Lori , Stacey Dawn , Kollmannsberger Christian , Jewett Michael A.S.
Published: October 2017

It is critically important to define disease-specific research priorities to better allocate limited resources. There is growing recognition of the value of involving patients and caregivers, as well as expert clinicians in this process. To our knowledge, this has not been done this way for kidney cancer. Using the transparent and inclusive process established by the James Lind Alliance, the Kidney Cancer Research Network of Canada (KCRNC) sponsored a collaborative consensus-based priority-setting partnership (PSP) to identify research priorities in the management of kidney cancer. The final result was identification of 10 research priorities for kidney cancer, which are discussed in the context of current initiatives and gaps in knowledge. This process provided a systematic and effective way to collaboratively establish research priorities with patients, caregivers, and clinicians, and provides a valuable resource for researchers and funding agencies.
An Interdiscursive Analysis of Post-The Innocence of Muslims Political Discourse at UN Forum
Authors: Ayyaz Shazia
Published: October 2017

This research focusses the interdiscursive analysis of political discourse to expose the hegemonic relations in the world politics. It is backgrounded in the issue of blasphemy that emerged after the release of the movie trailer The Innocence of Muslims. The researcher restricted the context of the study to the UN General Assembly meeting September 2012 where the issue was discussed in the presence of world political leaders. The data of the study contains the speech of the US president Barak Obama and is analyzed by using Fairclough’s (1992) concept of interdiscursivity and hegemony. The analysis is focused on the discourse of the dominant political actor to find out the power relations and hegemony as exposed through the interdiscursive references present in his discourse. The study concludes that the dominant political leader uses different discursive strategies to construct and sustain power relations and hegemony. Interdiscursivity helps him to construct powerful self-image and to marginalise the subordinate group by highlighting its negative aspects and suppressing its ideologies.
Various Proofs of the Sylvester Criterion for Quadratic Forms
Authors: Giorgio Giorgi
Published: October 2017

In the first part of the paper we present several proofs of the so-called Sylvester criterion for quadratic forms; some of the said proofs are short and easy. In the second part of the paper we give an algebraic proof of the Sylvester criterion for quadratic forms subject to a linear homogeneous system.
ХИЙМЭЛ ДАГУУЛЫН МЭДЭЭ БОЛОН ЦАГ УУРЫН АЖИГЛАЛТЫН МЭДЭЭНД СУУРИЛСАН МОНГОЛ ОРНЫ БИО-УУР АМЬСГАЛЫН ЧАДАВХИЙН ҮНЭЛГЭЭ
Authors: О Мөнхдулам , Э Авирмэд , Д Сайнбаяр
Published: October 2017

Энэхүү судалгааны ажлын гол зорилго нь хиймэл дагуулын болон цаг уурын ажиглалтын мэдээнд үндэслэж, Монгол орны био-уур амьсгалын чадавхийг үнэлэх явдал юм. Тус судалгаанд Селянинов, Иванова, Шашко нарын боловсруулсан чийг-дулааны коэффициент, уур амьсгалын биологийн үр ашгийн индекс, био-уур амьсгалын чадавхийн үнэлгээний арга зүйг ашигласан. Дүн шинжилгээнд MОДИС хиймэл дагуулын 2000-2014 оны 01 дүгээр сараас 12 дугаар сар хүртэлх хугацааны 1 км-ийн нарийвчлалтай 16 хоногийн дундаж 11, 16 сувгийн бүтээгдэхүүн (MOD11, MOD16), TRMM хиймэл дагуулын 2000-2014 оны 0.25 градусын нарийвчлалтай сарын нийлбэр хур тунадасны мэдээ болон цаг уурын станц, харуулын 2000-2014 оны сарын дундаж агаарын температурын мэдээ болон мөн хугацааны сарын дундаж агаарын дутагдал чийгийн мэдээг ашигласан. Дүн шинжилгээний үр дүнд Монгол орны чийг-дулааны коэффициент, уур амьсгалын биологийн үр ашгийн индекс, био-уур амьсгалын чадавхийн орон зайн тархалтын зургуудыг боловсруулсан. Судалгааны үр дүнгээс үзэхэд хиймэл дагуулын мэдээ, цаг уурын ажиглалтын мэдээлэлд үндэслэн газарзүйн мэдээллийн систем болон тандан судалгааны технологийг ашиглан био-уур амьсгалын чадавхийг үнэлэх боломжтой болох нь харагдаж байна. Дурдсан 3 арга зүйг ашиглан орон зайн тархалтын зураглал боловсруулснаар бүс нутгийн түвшний асуудлыг уур амьсгалын хандлагын үүднээс зөв ялган тогтоох боломжтойг илтгэх ба байгаль, цаг уурын нөхцөлөөс шууд хамааралтай манай орны нийгэм- эдийн засгийн гол салбар болох хүн ам, мал аж ахуй, газар тариалангийн салбарын төлөвлөлт, менежментийн үйл ажиллагаа зохион байгуулахад цаг хугацаа хэмнэсэн, шинжлэх ухааны үндэслэлтэй шийдвэр гаргах боломж бүрдэж байна.
ХҮЧТЭЙ ХОЛБООСТ МУЖААС СУЛ ХОЛБООСТ МУЖ РУУ ШИЛЖИХ ШИЛЖИЛТИЙГ ТЭГ БУС ТЕМПЕРАТУРТ SU(2) ЛАТТИС ГЭЙЖ ОНОЛООР СУДЛАХ НЬ
Authors: Ч Содбилэг , Г Энхтуяа
Published: October 2017

Энэхүү судалгааны ажлаар тэг температуртай үед конфайнмент фазад илэрдэг үзэгдэл болох глюоны урсгалын хоолойн таталцлын коэффициентийн утга нь хүчтэй холбоост мужаас сул холбоост муж руу шилждэг шилжилтийг тэг бус температурт буюу өөрөөр хэлбэл тодорхой температуртай тохиолдолд SU(2) цэвэр латтис гэйж онолоор симуляци хийн ажиглахыг зорилоо. Бид глюоны урсгалын хоолойн өргөнийг урсгалын хоолой доторх орны хүчлэгийн хромо цахилгаан компонентийн хөндлөн түгэлтээс гарган авч кварк хоорондын зай ба температураас хамаарах хамаарлыг гаргав. Кваркуудын хоорондын зайг ихэсгэхэд глюоны урсгалын хоолойн өргөн өргөсдөгийг дахин батлан харуулсан. Харин холбоосын тогтмолын утгыг ихэсгэхэд урсгалын хоолойн өргөн тодорхой нэг утга хүртэл монотон байж байгаад тухайн утганд огцом өргөсөж байгааг харуулсан болно.
ШИЙТАКЕ (LENTINUS EDODES L) МӨӨГНИЙ ҮЙЛДВЭРИЙН МИЦЕЛЬ ГАРГАН АВСАН СУДАЛГААНЫ ДҮН
Authors: Ш Наранмандах , Т Солонго
Published: October 2017

Сүүлийн жилүүдэд дэлхийн олон оронд мөөгийг хүнсний болоод эмчилгээний чиглэлээр өргөн хэрэглэх болсон тул мөөгний тариалалт асар хурдацтай хөгжиж байна. Дэлхий нийтийн хөгжлөө дагаад Монголчууд ч гэсэн мөөгийг ихээр хэрэглэх болсон байна. Иймд өөрийн оронд мөөг тариалж дотоодын хэрэгцээгээ хангах шаардлага урган гарч байна. Үүнтэй холбоотойгоор бид шим тэжээлийн чанар ихтэйгээс гадна дархлаа дэмжих, холестрол бууруулах, бактер, вирус, хавдрын эсрэг үйлчилгээтэй шийтаке мөөгний мицелийн цэвэр өсгөврийг сэргээн ургуулж, үйлдвэрийн мицелийг гаргахад тохиромжтой орчин, нөхцлийг тогтоох зорилгоор энэхүү судалгааны ажлыг гүйцэтгэв.Судалгааны хүрээнд шийтаке (Lentinus edodes L) мөөгний цэвэр өсгөврийг сусло агар, төмс-глюкоз агар, сабуро агар гэсэн 3 төрлийн хатуу тэжээлийн орчинд туршиж ургуулахад, дээрх орчнуудаас төмс-глюкоз агар хатуу тэжээлийн орчин нь илүү тохиромжтой байв. Мөн цэвэр өсгөврийг ургуулах оновчтой температурыг сонгох зорилгоор +21°С, +23°С, +25°С-д ургуулан туршиж, +23°С нь хамгийн тохиромжтой болохыг тогтоов. Үүний дараа мөөг тарих үйлдвэрийн мицель гаргах туршилтыг улаан буудай, овьёос, арвай гэсэн 3 төрлийн будаат орчныг сонгон гүйцэтгэсний дүнд улаан буудайт орчин дээр шийтаке мөөгний үйлдвэрийн мицелийг гарган авах нь тохиромжтойг тогтоов.
Established and evolving ways of linking to practice in teacher education: Findings from an international study of the enactment of practice in teacher education
Authors: Klette Kirsti , Hammerness Karen , Jenset Inga Staal
Published: October 2017

AbstractWorldwide, teacher educators and policymakers call for teacher preparation that is more deeply linked to practice. Yet, we know little about how such linkages are achieved within different international programs. We examine the degree to which programs provide opportunities to learn that are grounded in practice. We report on survey data (n = 486 teacher candidates) from five pro-grams in Finland, Norway, California, Chile, and Cuba, and observation data from the methods courses (n = 104 hours) in six programs in Finland, Norway, and California. Using an analytical framework decomposing the conception of ‘opportunities that are grounded in practice’ in teacher education, this article provides evidence regarding the successes—and challenges—concerning incorporating practice in teacher education. These findings suggest that some ways of linking to practice in teacher education seem to be established, while others are still evolving.Keywords: teacher education, practice, coursework, comparative research Delvis etablert, delvis i utvikling: Funn fra en internasjonal studie om koblinger til praksis i lærerutdanningenSammendragLærerutdannere og politikere over hele verden etterlyser en mer praksisbasert lærerutdanning med tydelige koblinger til praksis. Likevel vet vi lite om hvordan slike koblinger ser ut i ulike lærerutdanningsprogram internasjonalt. I denne artikkelen undersøker vi i hvilken grad ulike lærerutdanningsprogram tilbyr studentene praksisbaserte læringsmuligheter. Studien bygger på survey data (n = 486 lærerstudenter) fra fem lærerutdanningsprogram i Finland, Norge, California, Chile og Cuba, og observasjonsdata fra fagdidaktikkurs (n = 104 timer) i seks program i Finland, Norge og California. Ved hjelp av et analytisk rammeverk som operasjonaliserer konseptet ‘praksisbaserte læringsmuligheter’, viser denne artikkelen til suksesser – og utfordringer – med å innlemme praksis i lærerutdanningen. Funnene indikerer at det finnes etablerte måter å koble til praksis på i lærerutdanningen, mens andre fremdeles er i utvikling.Nøkkelord: lærerutdanning, praksis, undervisning på campus, komparativt design
La politica e l’ortodossia di Ossio di Cordova (313-357)
Authors: Grossi Vittorino ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: October 2017

This study aims to delineate some aspects relating to Hosius of Corduba, especially in regard to the nexus between ecclesiastical politics and faithfulness to Nicene orthodoxy found on the margins of the often discussed concessions by the Spanish bishop to the pressures of Emperor Constantius II, when the former signed the homoiousian formula of the Council of Sirmium in 357. Through an analysis of the ancient historiographical witnesses, one notes a clear divergence between the Eastern and Western sources. While Hosius’s orthodoxy and sanctity are a given in the tradition of the Greek Church, Latin historiography considered him a crazy old man and traitor of the Nicene faith. These contrasting judgments come from the differing evaluations attributed to the Spanish bishop’s concessions when he was confronted by Constantius II: for those of the East, it is simply a question of ecclesiastical politics; for the West, faithfulness to Nicene orthodoxy involved taking a much greater risk. This note wishes to foster a reading of the Orthodoxy of Hosius that is more juridical than doctrinal.
Cristiani, giudei e pagani
Authors: Stefanelli Giovanna ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: October 2017

This article analyses the Tractatus in psalmos 82, 83 and 84, reported in the two series that transmit Jerome’s homilies. The first part analyses the polemical terminology employed in regard to heretics and Jews, and the juxtaposition between the simplicity of the Christian style and the eloquence of rhetoricians. In the second part, the homilies of the two series are compared, and exegetical differences are pointed out. Lastly, an overview of a possible chronology of the Tractatus is proposed.
Le accuse di Pelagio nel Commentarium in Hieremiam di Girolamo
Authors: Caruso Giuseppe ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: October 2017

In his Commentarium in Hieremiam, as well as in other contemporary works, Jerome accuses Pelagius of conducting a defamatory campaign against him by accusing him of Origenism, contempt for marriage (regarding such charges Jerome had already needed to defend himself!) and more generally, of wishing others ill. Did Jerome really seek to discredit his adversary, or were such accusations even circulating? This paper takes into consideration Pelagius’s surviving works and intends to give – within the limits admitted by the sources – an answer to this question, coming to the conclusion that the conflict between the two writers was not lacking in personal attacks, and that Jerome’s report is thus trustworthy.
Sul testo della Passio Petri et Pauli
Authors: D’Anna Alberto ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: October 2017

In anticipation of a new edition of the Passio apostolorum Petri et Pauli (CANT n. 193), this article analyzes the recensio conducted by Lipsius for his edition of 1891. The review of the main variants highlighted by the editor reverses his thesis: they depend on innovations by reduction, not by interpolation. Such innovations could perhaps depend on early medieval liturgical use of the work. With regard to the methodology, the comparison with the Greek tradition of the work, as an external criterion of evaluation, appears misleading, since it is unlikely that Greek is the original language.
Comparing the Early Stage Carbon Sequestration Rates and Effects on Soil Physico-Chemical Properties after Two Years of Planting Agroforestry Trees
Authors: M. Farrakh Nawaz  , Komal Mazhar  , Sadaf Gul  , Irfan Ahmad  , Ghulam Yasin  , M. Asif  , Muhammad Tanvir
Published: October 2017

Farm friendly and fast growing trees are the sustainable, cheaper and efficient source of carbon sequestration and carbon stock, however, their carbon sequestration potential vary among tree species depending upon several factors. This study was conducted to determine the carbon sequestration potential and carbon storage difference among different tree species at early stage. Second objective of this study was to observe the effects of trees on the physico-chemical properties of soils. Seedlings of fifteen widely planted farm trees species were planted under same set of climatic and soil conditions. Employing tree biomass after two year of planting (2014-2016), carbon stocks and carbon sequestration rates were calculated. Soil samples were collected under each tree species at two depths: 0-15cm and 16-30 cm, to determine the physico-chemical properties of soils such as pH, EC, N, P, K, C and organic matter (O.M.). It was found that Populus deltoides contained the highest carbon stocks (7.21 ± 1.31 kg C) and sequestered the CO2 at the highest rate of 13.21 ± 0.84 kg C/year as compared to all other fourteen tree species. O.M. (%) and Carbon (mg/kg) were also the highest in the soils under P. deltoides (2.29 ± 0.42 and 3.8 ± 0.2 respectively) as compared to and all other tree species. Nitrogen contents (%) were found the maximum in the soils under D. sissoo (0.063 ± 0.04) > Acacia nilotica (0.058 ± 0.008) and Albizia lebbeck (similar to Acacia nilotica). Such information enhances our capacity to better predict the carbon sequestration potential and carbon stock in different trees.
English Language Screening for Scientiﬁc Staff at Delft University of Technology
Authors: Klaassen Renate G. , Bos Madeleine
Published: October 2017

Delft University of Technology (DUT) screened her (non-native English) scientiﬁc staff on their level of English proﬁciency in the academic year of 2006/2007. In this paper this large scale operation, involving planning, policy decisions, assessment means, advice and training are discussed. Since 2005 all the master programmes at DUT have been taught in English and since 3 years ago DUT has been an ofﬁcially bilingual university with around 5,500 master students and 1,100 international students in the year 2008. Therefore, results are framed against the background of becoming an international university.
“In Other Words, …”: A Corpus-based Study of Reformulation in Judicial Discourse
Authors: Mazzi Davide
Published: October 2017

The language of the law has been a favourite subject of investigation for both legal professionals and linguists for more than a decade now. Linguists, for instance, have paid increasing attention to the interplay of precise and ﬂexible terms in legal drafting, and language variation across the genres of legal discourse. Among the latter, judgments have been discussed as a case in point by argumentation scholars, although the linguistic components of judicial argumentative discourse have often been overlooked. In the light of this, the aim of this paper is to carry out a corpus-based analysis of the open-ended category of reformulation markers as outstanding discursive items of judicial discourse in two comparable corpora of authentic judgments issued by two different courts of last resort, namely the Court of Justice of the European Communities and Ireland’s Supreme Court. By combining a qualitative with a quantitative analysis, the study shows that reformulation markers tend to activate a variety of discursive conﬁgurations across the two courts. Hence, data reveal that reformulation strengthens the quality of both judicial narrative, as it were – as is clear from its deployment in clarifying the normative background and specifying the factual framework of disputes – and at once judicial argument, when judges characterise, reﬁne or grade reported arguments/interpretations or they wish to make their reasoning more solid and convincing.
Dissertation to Book? A Snapshot of Dissertations Published As Books in 2014 and 2015, Available in Open Access Institutional Repositories
Authors: Johnson Anna Marie , Goldberg Tyler , Detmering Robert
Published: October 2017

INTRODUCTION Graduate students sometimes express consternation about whether the presence of their dissertation in an open access institutional repository (IR) will harm their chances of being able to publish the manuscript as a book. Several studies have addressed the question from different perspectives, but the avenue of examining what had actually been published had not been explored. METHODS This study examines books published in 2014 and 2015 that were listed as dissertations in one large book vendor database. A list of books was downloaded and searched in both ProQuest’s Dissertations & Theses Global database and Google to identify a matching dissertation. RESULTS Only a small percentage of books published as dissertations were found in ProQuest and then subsequently in IRs. The number of libraries holding book titles with corresponding dissertations in IRs dropped between 2014 and 2015. The lists of publishers who published dissertations as books was very similar between 2014 and 2015 data and included large, commercial publishers. DISCUSSION Students should be aware that only a small percentage of the total number of dissertations produced in a year are subsequently published as books, that the time between dissertation and book publication is substantial, and that some subject areas are more likely to be published than others. CONCLUSION These findings provide nuance to the discussions of dissertations in open access repositories and a starting point to monitor trends in this area. They should also provide librarians who are providing supplementary guidance to graduate students with information about the publishing landscape.
Phosphorylation of Aspergillus fumigatus PkaR impacts growth and cell wall integrity through novel mechanisms
Authors: Shwab Elliot K. , Juvvadi Praveen R. , Waitt Greg , Soderblom Erik J. , Moseley Martin A. , Nicely Nathan I. , Steinbach William J.
Published: October 2017

Protein kinase A (PKA) signaling is essential for growth and virulence of the fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. Little is known concerning the regulation of this pathway in filamentous fungi. Employing liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectroscopy, we identified novel phosphorylation sites on the regulatory subunit PkaR, distinct from those previously identified in mammals and yeasts, and demonstrated the importance of two phosphorylation clusters for hyphal growth and cell wall‐stress response. We also identified key differences in the regulation of PKA subcellular localization in A. fumigatus compared with other species. This is the first analysis of the phosphoregulation of a PKA regulatory subunit in a filamentous fungus and uncovers critical mechanistic differences between PKA regulation in filamentous fungi compared with mammals and yeast species, suggesting divergent targeting opportunities.
The role of nonbilayer phospholipids in mitochondrial structure and function
Authors: Basu Ball Writoban , Neff John K. , Gohil Vishal M.
Published: October 2017

Mitochondrial structure and function are influenced by the unique phospholipid composition of its membranes. While mitochondria contain all the major classes of phospholipids, recent studies have highlighted specific roles of the nonbilayer‐forming phospholipids phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and cardiolipin (CL) in the assembly and activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) complexes. The nonbilayer phospholipids are cone‐shaped molecules that introduce curvature stress in the bilayer membrane and have been shown to impact mitochondrial fusion and fission. In addition to their overlapping roles in these mitochondrial processes, each nonbilayer phospholipid also plays a unique role in mitochondrial function; for example, CL is specifically required for MRC supercomplex formation. Recent discoveries of mitochondrial PE‐ and CL‐trafficking proteins and prior knowledge of their biosynthetic pathways have provided targets for precisely manipulating nonbilayer phospholipid levels in the mitochondrial membranes in vivo. Thus, the genetic mutants of these pathways could be valuable tools in illuminating molecular functions and biophysical properties of nonbilayer phospholipids in driving mitochondrial bioenergetics and dynamics.
Implications of Future Northwest Atlantic Bottom Temperatures on the American Lobster (Homarus americanus) Fishery
Authors: Rheuban Jennie E. , Kavanaugh Maria T. , Doney Scott C.
Published: October 2017

Sea surface temperatures of the northwest Atlantic have warmed dramatically over the last several decades, while benthic temperatures have increased at a slower pace. Here we analyze a subset of the CMIP5 global Earth system model ensemble using a statistical downscaling approach to determine potential future changes in benthic temperatures on the northwest Atlantic continental shelf and slope (<500 m). We put future changes in the context of possible impacts of ocean warming on the high‐value, wild‐caught American Lobster (Homarus americanus) fishery. Future bottom temperatures of the northwest Atlantic under a business‐as‐usual (RCP8.5) and a climate‐policy (RCP4.5) scenario are projected to increase by 0–1.5°C and 1.2–2.4°C by 2050 and 0–1.9°C and 2.3–4.3°C by the end of the century for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. H. americanus experiences thermal stress at temperatures above 20°C, and projected increases in temperature is likely to result in changes in the distribution of optimal thermal egg hatching and settlement indicators. Inshore regions of southern New England, where H. americanus biomass and catch have been declining historically, will likely become inhospitable under either future scenario, while thermal egg hatching and settlement indicators will expand offshore and in the Gulf of Maine. These changes imply that members of the fishery based in southern New England may need to recapitalize to larger vessels to prepare for potential changes brought on by future climate warming. Results from the downscaling presented here can be useful in preparing for potential changes to other fisheries or in future climate vulnerability analyses.
Generation and Decay Mechanisms of Ningaloo Niño/Niña
Authors: Kataoka Takahito , Tozuka Tomoki , Yamagata Toshio
Published: October 2017

Using an ocean model, generation and decay mechanisms of warm/cool sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) off Western Australia, or Ningaloo Niño/Niña, are investigated through the calculation of a mixed‐layer temperature (MLT) balance taking the mixed‐layer depth (MLD) variation into account. Since Ningaloo Niño/Niña develops owing to local air‐sea interaction and/or remote forcing, events are classified into two cases based on alongshore wind anomalies and analyzed separately. It is revealed that the anomalous meridional advection associated with the stronger Leeuwin Current and the enhanced warming by the climatological shortwave radiation because of the shallower MLD generate warm SSTAs in the coastal region for both cases of Ningaloo Niño. On the other hand, the latent heat flux damps SSTAs only in a case without northerly alongshore wind anomalies. In the decay, larger sensible heat loss is important. Because of the reduced meridional temperature gradient, the meridional advection eventually damps SSTAs. The sensitivity change to the climatological shortwave radiation owing to MLD anomalies explains offshore MLT tendency anomalies for both cases throughout the events. The mechanisms for Ningaloo Niña are close to a mirror image of Ningaloo Niño but differ in that the latent heat flux damps offshore SSTAs. The seasonal phase‐locking nature of Ningaloo Niño/Niña is related to the seasonal variations of MLD and surface heat fluxes, which regulate the amplitude and sign of the sensitivity change to surface heat fluxes. It is also related to the seasonal variations of the Leeuwin Current and meridional temperature gradient through advection anomalies.
Recent Advances in Spiro‐MeOTAD Hole Transport Material and Its Applications in Organic–Inorganic Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Hawash Zafer , Ono Luis K. , Qi Yabing
Published: October 2017

2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis‐(N,N‐di‐4‐methoxyphenylamino)‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐MeOTAD) hole transport material (HTM) is a milestone in the history of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Proper choice of HTMs is key factor for efficient charge extraction and stability in solar cells. Spiro‐MeOTAD is proven to be the most suitable HTM for testing PSCs due to its facile implementation and high performance. Similarly, spiro‐MeOTAD is receiving attention in other applications other than in solar cells due to its desirable properties. However, spiro‐MeOTAD is under debate regarding the topics of cost‐performance, long‐term stability, degradation issues (induced by temperature, additives, film quality, and environmental conditions), coating technologies compatibility, reliance on additives, and hysteresis. In this review, the advent of spiro‐MeOTAD, and related aforementioned issues about spiro‐MeOTAD are discussed. In addition, spiro‐MeOTAD properties, alternative and new additives, other applications, and new HTMs that is comparable or outperforms spiro‐MeOTAD in PSCs are summarized. In the outlook, the future research directions based on reported results that warrant further investigations are outlined.
Laminated Free Standing PEDOT:PSS Electrode for Solution Processed Integrated Photocapacitors via Hydrogen‐Bond Interaction
Authors: Jin Yingzhi , Li Zaifang , Qin Leiqiang , Liu Xianjie , Mao Lin , Wang Yazhong , Qin Fei , Liu Yanfeng , Zhou Yinhua , Zhang Fengling
Published: October 2017

In this work, a novel lamination method employing hydrogen‐bond interaction to assemble a highly conductive free standing poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) film as a common electrode is demonstrated in a solution processed metal‐free foldable integrated photocapacitor (IPC) composed of a monolithic organic solar cell (OSC) and a capacitor. The highlights of the work are: (1) micrometer free standing PEDOT:PSS electrode is successfully laminated onto a relatively large area (1 cm2) OSCs; (2) a free standing capacitor based on the PEDOT:PSS electrode is achieved; (3) the IPC demonstrates an overall efficiency of 2% and an energy storage efficiency of 58%, which is comparable with those of IPCs based on metallic common electrodes; (4) the novel lamination method for PEDOT:PSS electrode enables free standing PEDOT:PSS broad applications in solution processed flexible organic electronics, especially tandem or/and integrated organic electronic devices. Furthermore, the IPC is foldable with excellent cycling stability (no decay after 100 recycles at 1 mA cm−2). These results indicate that free standing PEDOT:PSS film is a promising candidate as common electrodes for IPCs to break the restrictions of metal electrodes. The demonstrated lamination method will greatly extend the applications of PEDOT:PSS electrodes to large area flexible organic electronic devices.
X‐Ray Absorption Spectroscopy of TiO2 Nanoparticles in Water Using a Holey Membrane‐Based Flow Cell
Authors: Petit Tristan , Ren Jian , Choudhury Sneha , Golnak Ronny , Lalithambika Sreeju S. N. , Tesch Marc F. , Xiao Jie , Aziz Emad F.
Published: October 2017

Many applications of TiO2 nanoparticles, such as photocatalytic water splitting or water remediation, occur in aqueous environment. However, the impact of solvation on TiO2 electronic structure remains unclear because only few experimental methods are currently available to probe nanoparticle–water interface. Soft X‐ray absorption spectroscopy has been extensively used to characterize the electronic structure of TiO2 materials, but so far only in vacuum conditions. Here, oxygen K edge and titanium L edge X‐ray absorption spectroscopy characterization of TiO2 nanoparticles measured directly in aqueous dispersion is presented. For this purpose, a new method to probe nanomaterials in liquid using a holey membrane‐based flow cell is introduced. With this approach, the X‐ray transmission of the membrane is increased, especially in the water window, compared to solid membranes.
Interface Strain Induced Hydrophobic Facet Suppression in Cellulose Nanocomposite Embedded with Highly Oxidized Monolayer Graphene Oxide
Authors: Mao Qian , Yang Lei , Geng Xiumei , Chen Liao , Sapkota Bedanga , Zhao Huijuan , Zhu Hongli
Published: October 2017

In nature, cellulose is a unique lightweight biopolymer with outstanding mechanical and optical properties that is readily available. Rigorous investigations have been conducted to use cellulose as an ingredient in the advanced functional composite design. In this work, a hybrid film composed of homogeneous cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and high oxidation graphene oxide (GO) is obtained by sufficient blending and vacuum filtration. For the first time through the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum, the suppression of the originally ordered hydrophobic (200) facet of CNC is observed with increasing concentrations of GO. Further, the originally ordered hydrophilic (110)/(1‐10) facets of CNC remain intact. Through systematic molecular dynamics simulations of a set of simplified CNC–GO sandwich structures, the mechanism behind this hydrophilic/hydrophobic facets manipulation is revealed. The strain induced by the hydrogen bonding between the CNC hydroxyl groups and the oxidation types on GO is the dominant reason to cause the suppression of the hydrophobic facet of CNC in CNC–GO hybrid film. This strain induced mechanism provides an understanding for intrinsically manipulating cellulose–matrix interface and potentially engineering the cellulose based nanocomposite material properties for future advanced materials development.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Potential Role in the Treatment of Osteochondral Lesions of the Ankle
Authors: Tribe Howard C. , McEwan Josephine , Taylor Heath , Oreffo Richard O. C. , Tare Rahul S.
Published: October 2017

Given articular cartilage has a limited repair potential, untreated osteochondral lesions of the ankle can lead to debilitating symptoms and joint deterioration necessitating joint replacement. While a wide range of reparative and restorative surgical techniques have been developed to treat osteochondral lesions of the ankle, there is no consensus in the literature regarding which is the ideal treatment. Tissue engineering strategies, encompassing stem cells, somatic cells, biomaterials, and stimulatory signals (biological and mechanical), have a potentially valuable role in the treatment of osteochondral lesions. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an attractive resource for regenerative medicine approaches, given their ability to self‐renew and differentiate into multiple stromal cell types, including chondrocytes. Although MSCs have demonstrated significant promise in in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies, their success in treating osteochondral lesions of the ankle is inconsistent, necessitating further clinical trials to validate their application. This review highlights the role of MSCs in cartilage regeneration and how the application of biomaterials and stimulatory signals can enhance chondrogenesis. The current treatments for osteochondral lesions of the ankle using regenerative medicine strategies are reviewed to provide a clinical context. The challenges for cartilage regeneration, along with potential solutions and safety concerns are also discussed.
Effect of heavy water on the conformational stability of globular proteins
Authors: Pica Andrea , Graziano Giuseppe
Published: October 2017

It is well established from the experimental point of view that the native state of globular proteins is more stable in heavy water than in water. No robust explanation, however, has been provided up to now. The application of the theoretical approach, originally devised to rationalize the general occurrence of cold denaturation, indicates that the magnitude of the solvent‐excluded volume effect is slightly smaller in heavy water than in water and cannot explain the observed protein stabilization. The latter has to be due to the strength of protein‐water van der Waals attractions which are weaker in heavy water due to the smaller molecular polarizability of D2O compared with that of H2O molecules. Since protein‐water van der Waals attractions occur more in the denatured than in the native state, this contribution leads to a stabilization of the latter through a destabilization of the former.
Spectroscopic and Morphological Investigation of ZnSn Thin Films Obtained by Radio Frequency Cosputtering
Authors: Lee Seokhee , Park Juyun , Kang Yujin , Choi Ahrom , Kang Yong‐Cheol
Published: October 2017

In this study, Zn, Sn, and ZnSn (containing 20% of Sn) thin films were fabricated by radio frequency magnetron cosputtering and their properties had been studied with various analytical techniques. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed that the oxidation states of the elements in the alloy thin films change in comparison with the monometallic thin films, namely, Zn was more oxidized wheras Sn was less oxidized. The crystallinity and the conductivity of ZnSn thin films improved compared to monometallic thin films, which were confirmed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and four‐point probe. In ZnSn thin films, some Sn thin film formed secondary phase according to the Hume Rothery rules and the other was substituted into Zn sites in the wurtzite hexagonal structure of ZnO. Due to the lattice mismatch, the residual stress was generated and the preferred crystal growth was observed to overcome the stress. This was confirmed by the atomic force microscope and scanning electron microscope.
Upregulated osterix expression elicited by Runx2 and Dlx5 is required for the accelerated osteoblast differentiation in PP2A Cα‐knockdown cells
Authors: Yang Di , Okamura Hirohiko , Qiu Lihong
Published: October 2017

Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is involved in regulating various physiological processes including cell cycle, growth, apoptosis, and signal transduction. Osteoblast differentiation is controlled by main bone specific transcription factors including Osterix, distal‐less homeobox 5 (Dlx5), and Runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). We previously reported that knockdown of PP2A Cα increases the expression of Osterix, leading to the accelerated osteoblast differentiation through the upregulation of bone‐related genes. In this study, we examined whether Dlx5 and Runx2 are involved in the upregulated Osterix expression in PP2A Cα‐knockdown osteoblasts (shPP2A cells). The expression of Dlx5 as well as Osterix was significantly higher in shPP2A cells in the initial stage of osteoblast differentiation compared with the control cells (shCont). The expression of Runx2 protein was also higher in shPP2A cells compared with shCont cells although its mRNA level was comparable. Reduction of Dlx5 or Runx2 decreased Osterix expression and alkaline phosphatase activity in shPP2A cells. Luciferase assay showed that Osterix promoter activity was drastically elevated in shPP2A cells compared with that in shCont cells. The deletion or mutation of the Dlx5 and Runx2 binding sites significantly suppressed Osterix promoter activity in shPP2A cells. These results indicate that Dlx5 and Runx2 are critical factors for the upregulated Osterix expression in shPP2A cells, which is considered to be important for the accelerated osteoblast differentiation in these cells.
Catching kids being good: A practical guide to Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports
Authors: Arzamarski Caley B.
Published: October 2017

Picture this scenario: Julie, a third grader, is working hard on her multiplication homework and asks for your help. You begin reviewing her worksheet and your eyes are drawn to the third item: 5 × 6 = 35. You correct her mistake and continue scanning for other errors. In this moment, you have missed an important opportunity: a chance to offer praise. To promote positive behavior change, research advises us to give specific praise at least four times more than we give negative feedback (i.e., 4:1 ratio). By praising children, you give them attention for appropriate behaviors, while simultaneously boosting confidence and strengthening your relationship.
Preparing children for natural disasters
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2017

Children need to know the meaning of the word “disaster.” They hear and read it constantly on the news. It's not a movie about zombies or monsters. It's reality: hurricanes, forest fires — Mother Nature acting violent, destroying lives.