bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dimethylformamide Dimethyl Acetal in Heterocylic Synthesis: Synthesis of Polyfunctionally Substituted Pyridine Derivatives as Precursors to Bicycles and Polycycles.
Authors: Abu‐Shanab Fathi A. , Hessen A. M. , Mousa S. A. S.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Novel Uracil Nonnucleosides Analogues of 3,4‐Dihydro‐2‐alkylthio‐6‐benzyl‐4‐oxopyrimidines and 6‐Benzyl‐1‐ethoxymethyl‐5‐isopropyluracil.
Authors: El‐Brollosy Nasser R. , Al‐Omar Mohamed A. , Al‐Deeb Omar A. , El‐Emam Ali A. , Nielsen Claus
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of a Novel Diazepine.
Authors: Memoli Kevin A.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Silica Gel/NaHSO4: An Efficient and Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst for High Yield Synthesis of 1,5‐Benzodiazepine Derivatives under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Chari M. Adharvana , Shobha D. , Syamasundar K.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Selective Cross‐Addition of Triisopropylsilylacetylene to Internal and Terminal Unactivated Alkynes.
Authors: Tsukada Naofumi , Ninomiya Satoshi , Aoyama Yoshimi , Inoue Yoshio
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Expeditious Synthesis of Glycosylated Phthalocyanines.
Authors: Alvarez‐Mico Xavier , Calvete Mario J. F. , Hanack Michael , Ziegler Thomas
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Four Additional Meroterpenes Produced by Penicillium sp. Found in Association with Melia azedarach. Possible Biosynthetic Intermediates to Austin
Authors: Fill Taicia Pacheco , Pereira Grace Kelli , Geris dos Santos Regina M. , Rodrigues‐Fo Edson
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Two New Sesquiterpenoids from Doellingeria scaber.
Authors: Bai Suping , Ma Xingke , Lu Guangzhou , Yan Fulin
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and NMR Analysis of Spiranic Heterocycles from Carbohydrate Derivatives.
Authors: Martins Alho Miriam A. , D'Accorso Norma B.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Further Daphniphyllum Alkaloids from the Leaves of Daphniphyllum macropodum Miq.
Authors: Li Zhen‐Yu , Chen Ping , Xu Hong‐Gui , Peng Shu‐Ying , Yang Yi‐Ming , Zhao Zhong‐Zhen , Guo Yue‐Wei
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Isoxazolinylxanthines
Authors: Dirnens V. , Skrastina I. , Popelis J. , Lukevics E.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Syntheses of Acyclic C‐Glycosidic Derivatives of 1,2,4‐Triazoles by Cycloadditions of 1‐Aza‐2‐azoniaallene Salts to D‐Glucononitrile‐2,3,4,5,6‐pentaacetate.
Authors: Hassan N. A.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis, SAR, and X‐Ray Structure of Novel Potent DPPIV Inhibitors: Oxadiazolyl Ketones.
Authors: Koh Jong Sung , et al. et al.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Magnetism, Orbital Ordering and Lattice Distortion in Perovskite Transition‐Metal Oxides
Authors: Terakura K.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Allosteric Modifiers of Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors: New Methods, New Opportunities
Authors: Moaddel Ruin , Jozwiak Krzysztof , Wainer Irving W.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Oxidative Cyclization of Dienes and Polyenes Mediated by Transition‐Metal—Oxo Species
Authors: Piccialli Vincenzo
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Advantages and Future Potential of Single‐Site Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Thomas John Meurig , Raja Robert
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Limitations and Pitfalls in Protein Identification by Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Lubec Gert , Afjehi‐Sadat Leila
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Experimental and Computational Procedures for the Assessment of Protein Complexes on a Genome‐Wide Scale
Authors: Musso Gabriel A. , Zhang Zhaolei , Emili Andrew
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Accurate Mass Measurements in Proteomics
Authors: Liu Tao , Belov Mikhail E. , Jaitly Navdeep , Qian Wei‐Jun , Smith Richard D.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Discovery and Isolation of Anandamide and Other Endocannabinoids
Authors: Hanus Lumir O.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The N‐Acylethanolamine‐Mediated Regulatory Pathway in Plants
Authors: Kilaru Aruna , Blancaflor Elison B. , Venables Barney J. , Tripathy Swati , Mysore Kirankumar S. , Chapman Kent D.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
From Cocaine to Innovative Antiemetics. Medicinal Chemistry of 5‐HT3 Receptor Antagonists
Authors: Zettl Heiko , Schubert‐Zsilavecz Manfred , Siebert Carsten D.
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ingredients, Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence: Phytogenic Antiemetics
Authors: Crockett Sara L. , Schuehly Wolfgang , Bauer Rudolf
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Surface Chemistry for Protein Microarrays
Authors: Guo Athena , Zhu Xiaoyang
Published: October 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An analytical approach to the design of quiet cylindrical asymmetric gradient coils in MRI
Authors: Forbes Lawrence K. , Brideson Michael A. , Crozier Stuart , While Peter T.
Published: October 2007

We consider the design of asymmetric gradient coils in a conventional cylindrical bore magnetic resonance imaging system. The gradient coils are switched on and off during the scan, and are therefore subject to Lorentz forces that cause them to buckle during the switching process. This in turn creates a pressure wave within the coil, and that gives rise to acoustic noise. We present a simplified linearized model for the deflection of the coil due to electromagnetic forces, which is amenable to solution using analytical methods. Closed‐form solutions for the coil deflection and the pressure pulse and noise level within the coil are obtained. These are used to design new coil winding patterns so as to reduce the acoustic noise. Sample results are shown both for unshielded and shielded gradient coils. Extensions of this model are indicated, although it is suggested that the advantages of the present closed‐form solutions might then not be available, and fully numerical solutions may be needed instead. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 31B: 218–236, 2007
A 19F and 1H goniometric split‐millicoil NMR probe for solid‐state NMR
Authors: Devries Jeffrey S. , Zhao Xingang , Sykes Brian D.
Published: October 2007

To allow for single‐crystal nuclear magnetic resonance (scNMR) investigations, an existing narrow bore high‐field double‐resonance millicoil 19F and 1H solid‐state NMR probe was modified by adding a goniometer stage to the top. The goniometer was kept outside of the radiofrequency (RF) transceiver coil for improved filling factor and probe sensitivity. Because of the large size of single crystal grown, the transceiver coil was changed from a standard millicoil to a split‐millicoil, or crude helmholtz coil, design with effects on probe performance further studied herein. The type of goniometer and crystal sample holder chosen allows for accurate rotation of the single crystal in all three orthogonal planes (x, y, and z) while allowing for the sample to be easily removed forX‐ray diffraction study. Careful consideration was taken in selection of non‐fluorinated materials making up the probe head to reduce unwanted 19F background in the NMR signal. Goniometer functionality is demonstrated by 19F scNMR rotation spectra of 5‐fluoro‐DL‐tryptophan (5F‐DL‐Trp) required to determine the independent elements of its 19F chemical shielding anisotropic tensor. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 31B: 203–208, 2007
An etale approach to the Novikov conjecture
Authors: Dranishnikov A. N. , Ferry S. C. , Weinberger S. A.
Published: October 2007

We show that the rational Novikov conjecture for a group Γ of finite homological type follows from the mod 2 acyclicity of the Higson compactification of an EΓ. We then show that for groups of finite asymptotic dimension, the Higson compactification is mod p acyclic for all p and deduce the integral Novikov conjecture for these groups. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A gradient flow approach to an evolution problem arising in superconductivity
Authors: Ambrosio Luigi , Serfaty Sylvia
Published: October 2007

We study an evolution equation proposed by Chapman, Rubinstein, and Schatzman as a mean‐field model for the evolution of the vortex density in a superconductor. We treat the case of a bounded domain where vortices can exit or enter the domain. We show that the equation can be derived rigorously as the gradient flow of some specific energy for the Riemannian structure induced by the Wasserstein distance on probability measures. This leads us to some existence and uniqueness results and energy‐dissipation identities. We also exhibit some “entropies” that decrease through the flow and allow us to get regularity results (solutions starting in Lp, p > 1, remain in Lp). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relative asymptotic behavior of pseudoholomorphic half‐cylinders
Authors: Siefring Richard
Published: October 2007

In this article we study the asymptotic behavior of pseudoholomorphic half‐cylinders that converge exponentially to a periodic orbit of a vector field defined by a framed stable Hamiltonian structure. Such maps are of central interest in symplectic field theory and its variants (symplectic Floer homology, contact homology, and embedded contact homology). We prove a precise formula for the asymptotic behavior of the “difference” of two such maps, generalizing results from [6, 7, 12, 15]. Using this result with a technique from [14], we then show that a finite collection of pseudoholomorphic half‐cylinders asymptotic to coverings of a single periodic orbit is smoothly equivalent to solutions to a linear equation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Semantic representation of scientific documents for the e‐science Knowledge Grid
Authors: Luo Xiangfeng , Fang Ning , Hu Bo , Yan Kai , Xiao Huizhe
Published: October 2007

Semantic representation of a topic is the basic element representation of a scientific document, which can be reflected by keywords' relations and their weights, as well as the state values of co‐occurring keywords in a documental fragment in which a topic is discussed. Concept lattice and probability statistical methods are proposed to generate fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs) as the original semantic representation of documental fragments (SRDFs) for the e‐science Knowledge Grid. The additive capability of FCMs is used to merge SRDFs for reducing the noise and redundant information hidden in the original SRDFs. The loss of documental information in the merging process of SRDFs is measured by the proposed semantic merging entropy. Based on the distributional property of keywords on SRDFs, semantic distribution entropy is introduced to evaluate the change of keywords' distribution on SRDFs with the merging process. The semantic representation of a scientific document is automatically generated by the interconnection of the merged SRDFs belonging to one domain. The generating, merging and evaluating methods of the semantic representation of a scientific document are validated by experiments. The proposed semantic representation highlights the relations among keywords and topics, which reduces the complexity of document analysis in an e‐science Knowledge Grid effectively. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High Osmolarity and L‐DOPA Augment Release via the Fusion Pore in PC12 Cells
Authors: Sombers Leslie A. , Wittenberg Nathan J. , Maxson Marc M. , Adams Kelly L. , Ewing Andrew G.
Published: October 2007

We have amperometrically measured dopamine release from rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12 cells) in high osmolarity conditions with and without L‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (L‐DOPA) treatment. We observe an increase in the number of release events displaying a prespike feature or “foot” when the cells are stimulated in high osmolarity saline. We also see an increase in foot area and duration when cells are stimulated in high osmolarity saline, or high osmolarity saline subsequent to incubation with the dopamine precursor L‐DOPA in isotonic saline, which serves to increase the vesicle size. The data suggest that membrane biophysics are an important component in defining the rate, duration and amount of neurotransmitter release via the fusion pore.
Systems engineering without an engineer: Why we need systems biology
Authors: C. Way Jeffrey , A. Silver Pamela
Published: October 2007

In this review, we address the justification for creating a new scientific discipline, and suggest possible goals for systems biology. We argue that systems biology is distinct from genomics and bioinformatics, as well as older disciplines such as medicine, evolutionary biology, and traditional molecular biology. Systems biology has the potential to address questions about the quantitative behavior and design of biological systems, which are not the central focus of other areas of biology. We discuss spontaneously arising biological oscillators as an example of a phenomenon that requires a systems‐biological explanation. We also argue that there is, from evolutionary biology, an emerging view of organisms as “poorly oiled machines,” and that systems biology is needed to understand and predict the behavior of organisms that have not been rationally constructed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2007
Single lymphocyte analysis with a microwell array chip
Authors: Tokimitsu Yoshiharu , Kishi Hiroyuki , Kondo Sachiko , Honda Ritsu , Tajiri Kazuto , Motoki Kazumi , Ozawa Tatsuhiko , Kadowaki Shinichi , Obata Tsutomu , Fujiki Satoshi , Tateno Chise , Takaishi Hideki , Chayama Kazuaki , Yoshizato Katsutoshi , Tamiya Eiichi , Sugiyama Toshiro , Muraguchi Atsushi
Published: October 2007

Following genomics and proteomics, cytomics, a novel method of looking at life, has emerged for analyzing large populations of cells on a single‐cell basis with multiple parameters in a quantitative manner. We have developed a highly integrated live‐cell microarray system for analyzing the cellular responses of individual cells using a microwell array chip that has 234,000 microwells each of which is just large enough to fit a single cell. Compared with flow cytometry and microscope‐based methods, our system can analyze the history of the cellular responses of a large number of cells. We have successfully applied the system to analyze human antigen‐specific B‐cells and produced human monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) against hepatitis B virus surface antigen. We have also constructed a mouse system to assess hepatitis B virus‐neutralization activity and have demonstrated the neutralization activity of our antibodies. Our technology should expand the horizons of cell analysis as well as enable generation of human MoAb for antibody‐based therapeutics and diagnosis for infectious diseases such as hepatitis viruses. © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Human sperm DNA fragmentation: Correlation of TUNEL results as assessed by flow cytometry and optical microscopy
Authors: Domínguez‐Fandos David , Camejo María Isabel , Ballescà José Luis , Oliva Rafael
Published: October 2007

An association between DNA fragmentation in sperm determined by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase [TdT]‐mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and the incidence of reproductive failure has been reported, either using flow cytometry or optical microscopy. However, the results obtained using each of these two approaches are different. Since there is a relative lack of studies standardizing these two approaches, the direct comparison of the results described in the different articles is difficult at present. To allow the comparison of the TUNEL results obtained using flow cytometry and optical microscopy, we applied these two approaches in a total of 66 human sperm samples. A positive correlation is detected in the TUNEL results as measured by flow cytometry and optical microscopy (Spearman; r = 0.720, P < 0.001). The percentage of TUNEL‐positive spermatozoa assessed by flow cytometry is 2.6 times higher than that detected in optical microscopy (39.7% ± 23.1% versus 15.3% ± 10.3%). Although there is a good correlation of the TUNEL results obtained by flow cytometry and optical microscopy, the percentages obtained with either technique are different. Therefore, the TUNEL results described in the present work should be valuable to compare the results described in many independent articles, using either optical microscopy or flow cytometry. © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Automated learning of generative models for subcellular location: Building blocks for systems biology
Authors: Zhao Ting , Murphy Robert F.
Published: October 2007

The goal of location proteomics is the systematic and comprehensive study of protein subcellular location. We have previously developed automated, quantitative methods to identify protein subcellular location families, but there have been no effective means of communicating their patterns to integrate them with other information for building cell models. We built generative models of subcellular location that are learned from a collection of images so that they not only represent the pattern, but also capture its variation from cell to cell. Our models contain three components: a nuclear model, a cell shape model and a protein‐containing object model. We built models for six patterns that consist primarily of discrete structures. To validate the generated images, we showed that they are recognized with reasonable accuracy by a classifier trained on real images. We also showed that the model parameters themselves can be used as features to discriminate the classes. The models allow the synthesis of images with the expectation that they are drawn from the same underlying statistical distribution as the images used to train them. They can potentially be combined for many proteins to yield a high resolution location map in support of systems biology. © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology
A new traffic model for backbone networks and its application to performance analysis
Authors: Yu Ming , Daut David G.
Published: October 2007

In this paper, we present a new traffic model constructed from a random number of shifting level processes (SLP) aggregated over time, in which the lengths of the active periods of the SLP are of Pareto or truncated Pareto distribution. For both cases, the model has been proved to be asymptotically second‐order self‐similar. However, based on extensive traffic data we collected from a backbone network, we find that the active periods of the constructing SLPs can be approximated better by a truncated Pareto distribution, instead of the Pareto distribution as assumed in existing traffic model constructions. The queueing problem of a single server fed with a traffic described by the model is equivalently converted to a problem with a traffic described by Norros' model. For the tail probability of the queue length distribution, an approximate expression and upper bound have been found in terms of large deviation estimates and are mathematically more tractable than existing results. The effectiveness of the traffic model and performance results are demonstrated by our simulations and experimental studies on a backbone network. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GAD isoforms exhibit distinct spatiotemporal expression patterns in the developing mouse lens: Correlation with Dlx2 and Dlx5
Authors: Kwakowsky Andrea , Schwirtlich Marija , Zhang Qi , Eisenstat David D. , Erdélyi Ferenc , Baranyi Mária , Katarova Zoya D. , Szabó Gábor
Published: October 2007

Gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter of the adult nervous system and its biosynthetic enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) are abundantly expressed in the embryonic nervous system and are involved in the modulation of cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Here we describe for the first time the expression of GABA and embryonic and adult GAD isoforms in the developing mouse lens. We show that the GAD isoforms are sequentially induced with specific spatiotemporal profiles: GAD65 and embryonic GAD isoforms prevail in primary fibers, while GAD67 is the predominant GAD expressed in the postnatal secondary fibers. This pattern correlates well with the expression of Dlx2 and Dlx5, known as upstream regulators of GAD. GABA and GAD are most abundant at the tips of elongating fibers and are absent from organelle‐free cells, suggesting their involvement is primarily in shaping of the cytoskeleton during fiber elongation stages. Developmental Dynamics 236:3532–3544, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Zebrafish cdc25a is expressed during early development and limiting for post‐blastoderm cell cycle progression
Authors: Nogare Damian E. Dalle , Arguello Andrea , Sazer Shelley , Lane Mary Ellen
Published: October 2007

Cdc25 phosphatases are required for eukaryotic cell cycle progression. To investigate mechanisms governing spatiotemporal dynamics of cell cycle progression during vertebrate development, we isolated two cdc25 genes from the zebrafish, Danio rerio, cdc25a, and cdc25d. We propose that Zebrafish cdc25a is the zebrafish orthologue of the tetrapod Cdc25A genes, while cdc25d is of indeterminate origin. We show that both genes have proliferation promoting activity, but that only cdc25d can complement a Schizosaccharomyces pombe loss of function cdc25 mutation. We present expression data demonstrating that cdc25d expression is very limited during early development, while cdc25a is widely expressed and consistent with the mitotic activity in previously identified mitotic domains of the post‐blastoderm zebrafish embryo. Finally, we show that cdc25a can accelerate the entry of post‐blastoderm cells into mitosis, suggesting that levels of cdc25a are rate limiting for cell cycle progression during gastrulation. Developmental Dynamics 236:3427–3435, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FGFR2IIIb signaling regulates thymic epithelial differentiation
Authors: Dooley James , Erickson Matthew , Larochelle William J. , Gillard Geoffrey O. , Farr Andrew G.
Published: October 2007

Heterogeneous epithelial populations comprising the thymic environment influence early and late stages of T‐cell development. The processes that regulate the differentiation of thymic epithelium and that are responsible for this heterogeneity are not well understood, although mesenchymal/epithelial interactions are clearly involved. Here, we show that targeted expression by thymocytes of an fibroblast growth factor receptor‐2IIIb (FGFR2IIIb) ligand, FGF10, profoundly alters the differentiation and function of thymic epithelium (TE). Reconstitution of irradiated lckFGF10 mice with normal bone marrow restores normal thymic organization and function, while wild‐type mice reconstituted with lckFGF10 bone marrow recapitulates some of the thymic alterations seen in lckFGF10 mice. We also demonstrate that interference with FGFR2IIIb signaling in the thymus with a soluble FGFR2IIIb dominant‐negative fusion protein leads to precocious reductions in thymic size and cellularity that resemble age‐related thymic involution. These findings indicate that TE compartments are dynamically maintained and that FGF signals are involved in this process. Developmental Dynamics 236:3459–3471, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Basket‐Like [Sr⊂P6MoV4MoVI14O73]10– Polyoxoanion Modified with {Cu(phen)(H2O)x} (x = 1–3) Fragments: Synthesis, Structure, Magnetic, and Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Yu Kai , Li Yang‐Guang , Zhou Bai‐Bin , Su Zhan‐Hua , Zhao Zhi‐Feng , Zhang Yu‐Nan
Published: October 2007

Hydrothermal reaction of a mixture of Na2MoO4·2H2O, H3PO4, CuCl2·2H2O, o‐phenanthroline, and SrCl2 in water leads to the isolation of a basket‐like mixed‐valent polymolybdophosphate hybrid compound, [Cu(phen)(H2O)3][{Cu(phen)(H2O)2}{Cu(phen)(H2O)}3{Sr⊂P6Mo4V Mo14VIO73}]·3H2O 1, which crystallizes in the space group P$\bar {1}$ with a = 13.778(3) Å, b = 19.267(4) Å, c = 24.168(5) Å, α = 110.64(3)°, β = 90.31(3)°, γ = 110.02(3)°, V = 5582.8(2) Å3, Z = 2. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis shows that the four‐electron‐reduced basket‐like polyoxoanion [Sr⊂P6Mo4VMo14VIO73]10– contains a new tetravacant γ‐Dawson‐type unit and a “handle”‐shaped {P4Mo4} segment, which are highly modified with {Cu(phen)(H2O)x} (x = 1–3) fragments. Electrochemical analysis shows that 1‐modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) displays good electrocatalytic activity to reduce hydrogen peroxide. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Coordination Alternatives in Dinuclear Bis(pyridin‐2‐ylalkyl)benzylaminecopper(II) Complexes with OH–, RO–, F–, or Cl– Bridges: Experimental Structures and DFT Preferences
Authors: Manzur Jorge , Vega Andrés , García Ana María , Acuña Carolina , Sieger Monika , Sarkar Biprajit , Niemeyer Mark , Lissner Falk , Schleid Thomas , Kaim Wolfgang
Published: October 2007

The compounds [L1Cu(μ‐OH)2CuL1](ClO4)2 (1), [L2Cu(μ‐OH)2CuL2](ClO4)2 (2), [L3Cu(μ‐OH)2CuL3](ClO4)2 (3), [L3Cu(μ‐OMe)2CuL3](ClO4)2 (4), [L3Cu(μ‐F)2CuL3](BF4)2 (5), [L4Cu(μ‐Cl)2CuL4](ClO4)2 (6), and [Cu(μ‐L5)2Cu](ClO4)2 (7), where L1 = bis(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)benzylamine, L2 = (6‐methylpyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)benzylamine, L3 = bis(6‐methylpyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)benzylamine, L4 = (pyridin‐2‐ylethyl)(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)benzylamine, and L5 =(6‐oxidomethylpyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)(6‐methylpyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)benzylamine, were structurally characterized and studied by low‐temperature EPR spectroscopy. The formation of compound 5 involved fluoride abstraction from BF4– and that of 7 involved O2‐assisted C–H (methyl) activation/monooxygenation of L3. Whereas the dications of 1–4 and 7 possess a square‐pyramidal configuration at the copper(II) centers with hydroxide or alkoxide bridges in equatorial positions, the dications of 5 and 6 exhibit equatorial/axial arrangements for the bridging halide ions. In the dication of 5, the tridentate ligand binds in a meridional fashion and includes two adjacent five‐membered chelate rings. Such a situation has been observed previously only with chloride, alkoxide, or aqua bridges. In contrast to the syn configuration of the dication of 2, the dications of complexes 1, 3, 4, and 7 adopt an anti configuration with respect to the binding of Ln. The dications of 1, 2, and 7 have the pyridinyl or 6‐methylpyridinyl groups in the axial position, whereas those of 3 and 4 feature the tertiary amine N atom at that site. DFT calculations of various configurations of the dications of 1–6 reproduce the experimentally observed structural alternatives in complexes 1–4, but they do not predict the axial/equatorial structure of 5 as the lowest‐energy configuration. The systematic overestimation of repulsive forces and thus of distances by DFT may result in an underestimation of the π‐π interaction between the largely coplanar mer‐L3 ligands separated by about 3.6 Å in 5, which probably affects its structure. By incorporating these and previous results, the syn versus anti, equatorial/equatorial versus equatorial/axial, and axial pyridine versus axial amine structural alternatives are discussed.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Synthesis of Dicarboxylate “C‐Clamp” 1,2‐Diethynylarene Compounds as Potential Transition‐Metal Ion Hosts
Authors: Reisner Erwin , Lippard Stephen J.
Published: October 2007

We report an efficient convergent synthesis of a new type of C‐clamp ligand with a 1,2‐diethynylarene scaffold involving a chelate host capable of binding a guest molecule in its endo‐dicarboxylate pocket. The chemistry involves a combination of palladium‐catalyzed Sonogashira, Heck, and Suzuki cross‐coupling reactions. The compounds 2,3‐bis[2‐(2′‐carboxybiphenyl‐4‐yl)ethynyl]triptycene and 4,5‐bis[2‐(2′‐carboxybiphenyl‐4‐yl)ethynyl]veratrole and their 2′‐carboxy‐m‐terphenyl‐4‐yl analogues were designed as dinucleating ligands to assemble carboxylate‐bridged transition‐metal complexes with a windmill geometry. The X‐ray crystal structure of one such C‐clamp compound containing co‐crystallized water molecules reveals strong hydrogen bonds of the aqua guest to the endo‐oriented carboxylic acid entities of the C‐clamp host. In addition, two syn‐N‐donor ligands were prepared as a synthetic scaffold to mimic the geometric arrangement of N‐donor atoms in carboxylate‐bridged dinuclear proteins. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
An Expeditious Assembly of 3,4‐Benzannulated 8‐Oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane Systems by [2+2+2] Alkyne Cyclotrimerisation: Total Synthesis of (–)‐Bruguierol A (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 33/2007)
Authors: Ramana Chepuri V. , Salian Sumanth R. , Gonnade Rajesh G.
Published: October 2007

The cover picture shows the use of a [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization reaction for the construction of strained benzannulated 8‐oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane systems. Wilkinson's catalyst was found to be successful in accomplishing this cross alkyne cyclotrimerization for oxa‐bridged bicyclic systems. The first total synthesis of (–)‐bruguierol A, that establishes its absolute configuration, was accomplished by employing this approach. Details are discussed in the Short Communication by C. V. Ramana et al. on p. 5483 ff.
Amperometric Biosensor for Hydrogen Peroxide, Using Supramolecularly Immobilized Horseradish Peroxidase on the β‐Cyclodextrin‐Coated Gold Electrode
Authors: Camacho Conrado , Matías Juan C. , Chico Belkis , Cao Roberto , Gómez Leissy , Simpson Benjamin K. , Villalonga Reynaldo
Published: October 2007

Horseradish peroxidase, previously modified with 1‐adamantane moieties, was supramolecularly immobilized on gold electrodes coated with perthiolated β‐cyclodextrin. The functionalized electrode was employed for the construction of an amperometric biosensor device for hydrogen peroxide using 1 mM hydroquinone as electrochemical mediator. The biosensor exhibited a fast amperometric response (6 s) and a good linear response toward H2O2 concentration between 12 μM and 450 μM. The biosensor showed a sensitivity of 1.02 mA/M cm2, and a very low detection limit of 5 μM. The electrode retained 97% of its initial electrocatalytic activity after 30 days of storage at 4 0C in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0.
DNA damage and repair capacity in lymphocytes from obstructive sleep apnea patients
Authors: Kontogianni Konstantina , Messini‐Nikolaki Niki , Christou Konstantinos , Gourgoulianis Konstantinos , Tsilimigaki Smaragdi , Piperakis Stylianos M.
Published: October 2007

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome is a respiratory disease that is linked to heart attacks and high blood pressure. In the present study, we used the Comet assay to compare basal DNA damage and DNA damage induction by hydrogen peroxide, ethanol, and γ‐irradiation in lymphocytes from 35 OSA patients and 35 controls. We also measured the apoptosis and necrosis produced by these agents and the ability of the lymphocytes to repair the induced DNA damage. It was found that lymphocytes isolated from OSA patients had higher basal levels of DNA damage and were more sensitive to the effects of the DNA‐damaging agents than lymphocytes from controls. OSA patients also had a reduced capacity to repair the DNA damage induced by the three agents, but apoptosis and necrosis were similar in OSA patients and the controls. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The sampling‐based dynamic procedure as tool for higher‐order discretization
Authors: Fauconnier D. , De Langhe C. , Dick E.
Published: October 2007

Accuracy improvement is demonstrated by alternative use of a recently proposed LES formalism based on sampling operators. It is shown that the sampling‐based dynamic procedure, in combination with an appropriate truncation error model, can be used as a technique to increase the numerical accuracy of a discretization. The technique is resemblant to Richardson extrapolation. The procedure is tested on a 2D lid‐driven cavity at Re=400 using a finite difference method. Promising results are obtained. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Alternative Evolutionary Biology
Authors: Meister Kay , Levit Georgiy S. , Hoßfeld Uwe , Breidbach Olaf
Published: October 2007

The modern view of biology was first proposed by Charles Darwin in the mid‐19th century. However, there have also been numerous proponents of non‐Darwinian theories of evolution, who attempted to explain the order of life differently
Diving Expedition to a Methuselah of the Sea
Authors: Hissmann Karen , Fricke Hans
Published: October 2007

Coelacanths have been in existence now for more than 400 million years. Scientists have investigated the way of life of this ancient, nocturnal fish
“Careers” in the Termite Colony
Authors: Korb Judith
Published: October 2007

Drywood termites may remain as workers or become queens. Termites live together in a very special way and this extends the conventional view of social insects and their behaviour
Once Upon a Time on the Incense Road
Authors: Eichmann Ricardo , Hausleiter Arnulf , Götzelt Thomas
Published: October 2007

Tayma was one of the most important palm oases of Arabia, at which camel caravans rested and traded their goods. Archaeological excavations in the ancient settlement and new finds demonstrate that the oasis developed at a unique junction of ancient cultures
Concurrent epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor and papillary thyroid carcinoma in the treated field of Hodgkin's disease
Authors: Yildirim Gokcen , Gillenwater Ann M. , Ordonez Nelson G. , Garden Adam S. , El‐Naggar Adel K.
Published: October 2007

Background.

Simultaneous malignancies in the field of radiation for Hodgkin's disease is an extremely rare event. A unique case of concurrent thyroid and neck mass in the postirradiation field of a young patient with Hodgkin's disease is presented.

Methods and Results.

Thyroidectomy and excision biopsy of the neck mass were performed. A 1.5‐cm papillary thyroid carcinoma was identified in thyroidectomy and an initial diagnosis of undifferentiated malignant neoplasm was rendered on the neck mass biopsy. Subsequent surgical excision of the neck mass and immunohistochemical analysis revealed malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor.

Conclusion.

Concurrent malignancies in the field of treatment of Hodgkin's disease may occur. Rare malignancies including malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor may be encountered along with the more common papillary thyroid carcinoma. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Unequal burden of head and neck cancer in the United States
Authors: Goodwin W. Jarrard , Thomas Giovana R. , Parker Dorothy F. , Joseph Debbie , Levis Silvina , Franzmann Elizabeth , Anello Charles , Hu Jennifer J.
Published: October 2007

Background.

Black Americans are adversely affected by many types of malignancies.

Methods.

We reviewed data from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program to evaluate racial disparities in head and neck cancer incidence, mortality, and survival.

Results.

Head and neck cancer incidence is greater in the black population and peaks at a younger age. The incidence disparity is decreasing over time and is less for cancers of the oral cavity/pharynx (OCP) than for cancers of the larynx. The disparity in survival after diagnosis is substantial for both sites and is increasing over time because of improvement in survival for the white population, but not for the black population. Some, but not all, of the survival disparity is due to more advanced stage at the time of diagnosis within the black population. The age‐adjusted mortality rate for black men is approximately twice the rate for white men.

Conclusion.

Black Americans clearly bear a greater burden from head and neck cancer. The underlying causes are largely unknown, but are most likely due to a complex interplay of differences in access to health care, quality of medical care, biologic/genetic factors, incidence of comorbid conditions, exposure to carcinogens, diet, and cultural beliefs. Prospective studies are needed to define the relative importance of these factors and to inform intervention strategies. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Medial sural artery perforator flap for tongue and floor of mouth reconstruction
Authors: Chen Shao‐Liang , Chen Tim‐Mo , Dai Niann‐Tzyy , Hsia Yi‐Jan , Lin Yaoh‐Shiang
Published: October 2007

Background.

The radial forearm flap is frequently considered the first choice for tongue reconstruction, but the disadvantages of donor site morbidity are well known. The search for another thin skin flap as an alternative has led to the application of the medial sural artery perforator flap.

Methods.

We used 12 medial sural artery perforator flaps to reconstruct tongue and floor of mouth following cancer ablation. We paid attention to the major perforator (vein ≥ 1 mm) as the vascular relay.

Results.

Most flaps were raised with a single perforator. The size of the skin paddle varied from 9 cm × 5 cm to 14 cm × 12 cm. The mean thickness of the flap was 5.2 mm. We reexplored 1 patient for venous insufficiency and could not salvage the flap.

Conclusions.

The thin medial sural artery perforator flap permits high accuracy of tongue restoration and reduces the morbidity at the donor site. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Successful treatment of pulmonary metastatic salivary ductal carcinoma with trastuzumab‐based therapy
Authors: Prat Aleix , Parera Marta , Reyes Vicky , Peralta Sergio , Cedrés Susana , Andreu Jordi , Huguet Pere , del Campo Josep Maria
Published: October 2007

Background

Salivary ductal carcinoma (SDC) is an uncommon malignant tumor of the salivary glands. Although there is no known standard of care for the treatment of advanced disease, the vast majority of patients with SDC may be offered palliative systemic therapy. We report a case of epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐positive metastatic submandibular SDC with a complete and durable clinical response to treatment with trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy.

Methods and Results

A 62‐year‐old man was diagnosed with SDC of the left submandibular gland with extensive cervical lymph node involvement. The lesion was completely resected, and the patient underwent postoperative radiotherapy. After 6 months, multiple pulmonary metastatic lesions were detected. A complete response was reached with trastuzumab‐based combination therapy, and no evidence of disease progression has been observed after 14 months of initiation of systemic therapy.

Conclusion

Trastuzumab‐based combination therapies should be considered for advanced SDC. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 2008
A polymorphism of the alpha1-antitrypsin gene represents a risk factor for liver disease
Authors: Chappell Sally , Hadzic Nedim , Stockley Robert , Guetta-Baranes Tamar , Morgan Kevin , Kalsheker Noor
Published: October 2007

Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) due to homozygosity of the protease inhibitor (Pi) Z variant predisposes to childhood liver disease and pulmonary emphysema. About 10% of all neonates with AATD develop liver disease, and about 3% overall progress to severe disease. AATD is a principal genetic indication for liver transplantation in children. The liver pathology is associated with accumulation of abnormally folded protein in hepatocytes, the principal producers of circulating alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT). It is currently unknown why only a small proportion of Pi ZZ individuals progress to clinically significant cirrhosis. The AAT gene shows significant variation, and we hypothesized that cryptic genetic variants within the AAT gene may contribute to susceptibility to liver disease. In a case-control study consisting of 42 patients with established moderate-to-severe liver disease and 335 homozygous Pi ZZ patients who mostly presented with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 322: 242 index cases and 80 unaffected sibs) or were asymptomatic (n = 13) with no evidence of liver disease, we identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that conferred a significant risk for liver disease (

P

= 0.007). The frequency of the SNP was no different in 242 Pi ZZ cases with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease compared with 80 nonindex cases. The SNP therefore appears to confer susceptibility to liver disease, although reporter gene assays failed to show any functional differences between alleles.

Conclusion:

This is the first description of a genetic modifier of liver disease in homozygous ZZ children and has potential implications for screening and possible therapies that are currently being developed. (Hepatology 2007.)
The cognitive effects of modulating the glycine site of the NMDA receptor with high‐dose glycine in healthy controls
Authors: Palmer Colin , Ellis Kathryn A. , O'Neill Barry V. , Croft Rodney J. , Leung Sumie , Oliver Chris , Wesnes Keith A. , Nathan Pradeep J.
Published: October 2007

N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors play an important role in learning and memory. Targeting the glycine modulatory site of the NMDA receptor has been suggested as a therapeutic strategy to improve cognition, although findings have not been convincing. We used the Cognitive Drug Research computerised assessment system to examine the effects of high‐dose glycine on a number of cognitive processes in healthy young subjects. The study was a randomised placebo controlled repeated measures design in which each subject received acute placebo or glycine (0.8 g/kg) orally, with treatment conditions separated by a 5‐day washout period. No significant effects of glycine were found on measures of working memory, declarative memory, attention or perceptual processing. These findings, together with those of previous studies, cast doubt over the ability of acute high‐dose glycine to improve cognitive function in healthy subjects and suggest that the optimum dose of glycine for improving cognition may vary between different populations, possibly due to differences in endogenous glycine levels and the functional status of NMDA receptors. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.