bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A base nacional comum curricular brasileira e o lugar da fonética e da fonologia no ensino fundamental anos iniciais
Authors: Rodrigues Siane Gois Cavalcanti , Sá Cristina Manuela
Published: November 2018

Apesar de serem áreas de fundamental importância à reflexão sobre a língua e à ampliação dos saberes linguísticos dos alunos, a Fonética e a Fonologia, tradicionalmente, fazem-se presentes no currículo escolar brasileiro de maneira incipiente (CAGLIARI, 2009). Nesse contexto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar o espaço ocupado por essas áreas na recém-lançada Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BRASIL, 2017), especificamente no Ensino Fundamental Anos Iniciais. O estudo fundamentou-se em Cagliari (2009) e em Simões (2006) e evidenciou que as áreas em pauta têm papel de destaque nesse nível de ensino durante todo o processo de apropriação e de sedimentação do sistema de escrita alfabética. Entretanto, mostrou também que, apesar de se embasar no sociointeracionismo discursivo para apresentar a sua compreensão de língua e de linguagem, a BNCC distancia-se de tal perpectiva, ao tratar a variação linguística como um conteúdo (um objeto do conhecimento) e não como um princípio que transversaliza a Fonética e a Fonologia, bem como os demais níveis de análise linguística, o que contribui com o fortalecimento da visão genérica e estereotipada do fenômeno.
Qual política linguística? Desafios glotopolíticos contemporâneos.
Authors: Faraco Carlos Alberto
Published: November 2018

O Professor Xoán Carlos Lagares é um galego-brasileiro. Talvez hoje, depois de décadas vivendo e trabalhando no Brasil, já seja mais brasileiro do que galego. Tem uma sólida formação filológica obtida na Universidade da Coruña (Galiza) onde fez sua graduação e mestrado em Filologia Hispânica Galego Português e se doutorou em Linguística no Âmbito Galego Português. Seus interesses acadêmicos abarcam também a história social e cultural da língua e a política linguística. É professor da Universidade Federal Fluminense, em Niterói, onde atua como docente do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos da Linguagem, na linha de pesquisa de História, Política e Contato Linguístico.
Nitrogen Fertilization Reduces the Capacity of Soils to take up Atmospheric Carbonyl Sulphide
Authors: Kaisermann Aurore , Jones Samuel P. , Wohl Steven , Ogée Jérôme , Wingate Lisa
Published: November 2018

Soils are an important COS sink. However they can also act as sources of COS to the atmosphere. Here we demonstrate that variability in the soil COS sink and source strength is strongly linked to available soil inorganic nitrogen (N) content across a diverse range of biomes in Europe. We revealed in controlled laboratory experiments that N fertilisation simultaneously decreases the COS sink strength of soils while increasing the COS production rate. Furthermore, we found strong links between variations in the two gross COS fluxes, microbial biomass and nitrate and ammonium contents, providing new insights into the mechanisms involved. Our findings provide evidence for how soil-atmosphere exchange of COS is likely to vary spatially and temporally, a necessary step for constraining the role of soils and land use in the COS mass budget.
Unified Basis for Thermal Casing/Connection System Design
Authors: Dall'Acqua Daniel , Chartier Mark , Nowinka Jaroslaw , Meijer Garret
Published: November 2018

Although thermal heavy oil recovery methods are extensively used, no unified and standardized basis exists for selecting materials and configuring intermediate (production) casing/connection systems for these extreme-service applications. Thermal intermediate casing systems must accommodate a wide variety of mechanical and environmental loads sustained during well construction, thermal service at temperatures exceeding 200°C, and well abandonment. Numerous operator- and field-specific designs have been used with good success and only a few isolated challenges, but industry's use of its operating experience to calibrate tubular design bases for future wells has been limited.

This paper identifies the benefits and components of a unified casing system design basis for thermal wells, aimed to be technically comprehensive, inclusive of the available elements of industry's collective knowledge and experience, and adaptable to technological advancements. The technical element of the unified basis broadly relates to the engineering foundation used to make three primary design selections: material, pipe body, and connections. For each design selection, the paper provides an overview of the associated technological challenges and the current state of the industry in addressing those challenges, including the commonly-adopted design approaches. Key performance considerations include integrity during well construction, connection thermal service structural integrity, pipe thermal service integrity and deformation tolerance, connection sealability, and casing system environmental cracking resistance. Where applicable, the paper identifies interdependencies that exist between design selections (for instance, the impact of pipe material selection on the thermally-induced axial load that must be borne by the tubular and connection), and discusses mechanisms for accounting for those added complexities in the design.

Ultimately, the intent of this paper is to provide a framework for referencing existing technical knowledge and for considering further development and field benchmarking work that will reduce the technological uncertainty and increase simplicity in thermal casing system designs. Industry will benefit from a unified engineering approach that offers operators sufficient flexibility to accommodate application requirements and prior experience.
Kernel Hardness‐Related Traits in Response to Heat Stress during the Grain‐Filling Period of Maize Crops
Authors: Mayer Luis I. , Cirilo Alfredo G. , Maddonni Gustavo A.
Published: November 2018

Postflowering heat stress causes the arrest of kernel growth, increasing kernel protein concentration and the relative abundance of γ‐zeins, two biochemical traits contributing to maize (Zea mays L.) hardness. The impact of early and late postflowering heat stress on kernel physical traits related to hardness was studied on field‐grown maize hybrids differing in their prevailing endosperm texture (two hybrids with a vitreous texture, and two others with a floury texture). Kernel texture was softened by heat stress (P < 0.001), as indicated by decreases in traits that are usually positively related to hardness (thousand‐kernel weight [up to 185 g], proportion of large kernels [up to 50–65 percentage points], kernel or bulk density [up to 7 kg hL−1] and milling ratio [up to 1 g g−1]) and increases in those usually negatively related (proportion of the smaller kernels and floater percentage [up to 30 and 75 percentage points, respectively]). Most of these effects were larger (P < 0.01), as heat stress occurred earlier in the grain‐filling period. Kernel physical traits of the genotypes with a predominantly floury texture varied the most (P < 0.05) in response to heat stress. Genotypic and environmental variation effects in most hardness‐related traits could be accounted for by kernel density (r2 = 0.74–0.87) or bulk density (r2 = 0.79–0.93). Sowing date and genotype selections should be considered as crop management practices for reducing or preventing the potential impact of heat stress on maize hardness.
Visible‐Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy Prediction of Soil Characteristics as Affected by Soil‐Water Content
Authors: Marakkala Manage Lashya P. , Greve Mogens Humlekrog , Knadel Maria , Moldrup Per , de Jonge Lis W. , Katuwal Sheela
Published: November 2018

Core Ideas

The soil–water retention characteristics govern the water effect on soil vis‐NIR spectra.

Soil clay, silt, sand content, and the water content at pF3 can be predicted with high degree of accuracy using spectroscopy at any field moisture condition.

The OC and the derived properties of OC showed poorer prediction when the soil–water content exceeds field capacity (pF<2).

Soil physical characteristics are important drivers for soil functions and productivity. Field applications of near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) are already deployed for in situ mapping of soil characteristics and therefore, fast and precise in situ measurements of the basic soil physical characteristics are needed at any given water content. Visible‐near‐infrared spectroscopy (vis–NIRS) is a fast, low‐cost technology for determination of basic soil properties. However, the predictive ability of vis–NIRS may be affected by soil‐water content. This study was conducted to quantify the effects of six different soil‐water contents (full saturation, pF 1, pF 1.5, pF 2.5, pF 3, and air‐dry) on the vis–NIRS predictions of six soil physical properties: clay, silt, sand, water content at pF 3, organic carbon (OC), and the clay/OC ratio. The effect of soil‐water content on the vis–NIR spectra was also assessed. Seventy soil samples were collected from five sites in Denmark and Germany with clay and OC contents ranging from 0.116 to 0.459 and 0.009 to 0.024 kg kg‐1, respectively. The soil rings were saturated and successively drained/dried to obtain different soil–water potentials at which they were measured with vis–NIRS. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) with leave‐one‐out cross‐validation was used for estimating the soil properties using vis–NIR spectra. Results showed that the effects of water on vis–NIR spectra were dependent on the soil–water retention characteristics. Contents of clay, silt, and sand, and the water content at pF 3 were well predicted at the different soil moisture levels. Predictions of OC and the clay/OC ratio were good at air‐dry soil condition, but markedly weaker in wet soils, especially at saturation, at pF 1 and pF 1.5. The results suggest that in situ measurements of spectroscopy are precise when soil‐water content is below field capacity.
A Vis‐NIR Spectral Library to Predict Clay in Australian Cotton Growing Soil
Authors: Zhao Dongxue , Zhao Xueyu , Khongnawang Tibet , Arshad Maryem , Triantafilis John
Published: November 2018

A vis‐NIR spectral libraries were built across seven cotton growing areas of Australia.

Establishing a calibration from each area independently was more accurate than making a calibration from the other six areas.

Model performance improved using a spiking algorithm.

Model performance improved by combining topsoil and subsurface samples.

To maintain profitability of cotton growing areas of Australia, information of nutrient management and water‐use efficiency are needed. In this regard, information about clay is required. This is a time‐consuming and expensive laboratory analysis to undertake. An alternative is to use visible‐near infrared (vis‐NIR) spectroscopy, which has shown potential at different scales (e.g., local and global). Here, we predicted clay using a machine learning algorithm (Cubist) from vis‐NIR acquired from topsoil (0–0.3 m) and subsurface (0.3–0.6 m) in seven cotton growing areas. The first aim was to assess the ability of soil samples from each area to predict clay independently. The second aim was to determine the ability of the samples of six areas to predict clay in an area withheld from the calibration. The third aim was to explore the potential to improve prediction using “spiking”. The fourth was to determine how much data was necessary to establish a suitable library. We conclude that establishing a calibration from each area independently was more accurate than making a calibration from six areas and predicting clay from the area withheld from the calibration. We also found that improvements in model performance were possible using spiking. When using samples from topsoil or subsurface only, over 93 samples were required to obtain an accurate library. We also conclude that a combined dataset from topsoil and subsurface samples enabled a more consistent set of data with no loss of calibration and prediction accuracy, especially when considering the availability of calibration samples.
EFFICIENCY OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND IMMUNOMODULATORY THERAPY OF COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA IN CHILDREN WITH RECURRENT RESPIRATORY DISEASES
Authors: Malanicheva T. G. , Agafonova E. V. , Mozhgina S. S.
Published: November 2018

Objective: to improve the methods of treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in children with recurrent respiratory diseases, taking into account the state of mucosal immunity. The authors examined 65 children from 3 to 7 years with community-acquired pneumonia and recurrent respiratory diseases. The main group consisted of 25 children receiving Fenspiride (4 mg / kg for 7 days) and immunomodulator Azoximer bromide (sublingually, 6 mg tablets twice a day for 10 days) in the complex anti-inflammatory therapy. The comparison group included 20 children receiving only Fenspiride (4 mg / kg for 7 days) as part of complex therapy. Control group included 20 children receiving only traditional therapy. We determined the levels of pro-inflammatory (IL-8, IL-1, α-factor tumor necrosis) and regulatory cytokines (IL-10 and γ-interferon) in induced expectoration by an immune enzyme analysis. We found that due to the therapy the imbalance of both pro-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines was leveled in the main group against a background of positive clinical efficacy that is manifested by reduction of the febrile period, faster relief of respiratory syndrome and local pulmonary changes, and 2 times reduction in the frequency of recurrent respiratory diseases.
PEDIATRIC CLASSIFICATION AND EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ACUTE RENAL INJURY
Authors: Savenkova N. D.
Published: November 2018

The article presents classification and epidemiology of acute renal injury in newborns and children. According to the international multicentre epidemiological studies, the development of acute renal injury is the main and independent risk factor of newborn mortality. Pediatric nephrology has discussed the evolution of the epidemiology of acute renal injury from primary kidney disease to the secondary one due to another systemic disease or its treatment in children.
Impact of CEO pensions on value relevance of R&D expenditures
Authors: Jin Park Kyung , Mo Kyoungwon
Published: November 2018

Since CEO pension is unsecured and unfunded liabilities of the firm, it induces CEOs to have long-term incentives towards minimizing their firms’ default risk. Motivated by the unique characteristics of CEO pension, this study investigates the impact of CEO pension on the value relevance of R&D expenditures. Using Tobin’s Q ratio to measure firm value, the empirical results show that CEO pension intensifies the relation between R&D expenditures and Tobin’s Q ratio. The results remain robust in two-stage least square and propensity score matching regression analysis to address the endogeneity issues in the relation between CEO pension and the value relevance of R&D expenditures. In addition, the regression results with ROA and F-score as the alternative dependent variables also confirm that CEO pension intensifies the relation between R&D expenditures and firm value.
Synthesis of porous pig bone char as adsorbent for removal of DBP precursors from surface water
Authors: Wongrueng Aunnop , Rakruam Pharkphum , Siri Alongorn , Siyasukh Adisak
Published: November 2018

This research study aims to investigate the efficiency of synthesized porous pig bone char (PBC) for reduction of disinfection by-product (DBP) precursors from surface water. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is commonly present in natural water and acts as a disinfection by-product precursor. Adsorption is one of the promising technologies that is commonly applied for DOM removal. Interestingly, the properties of pig bone are such that it has a surface area and pore volumes that can adsorb DOM. Pig bone was synthesized as porous bone char (PBC). The results show that synthesized PBC at 900 °C (PBC-900 °C) provides a high volume of mesoporous structure. The adsorption process was best fitted with the pseudo-second-order and Freundlich isotherm model. Thus, the mechanisms occurred on the multilayer adsorption of the surface. PBC-900 °C can remove approximately 70–80% of DOM with varying concentrations, from 0.2 g/L to 0.8 g/L. Furthermore, the results of fluorescence excitation–emission (FEEM) showed that humic acids and humic-like substances in water can be removed by using PBC at concentrations higher than 0.4 g/L. From the obtained results, it can be concluded that PBC is an alternative low-cost adsorbent which can be utilized for reduction of DBP precursors from water.
Auralife Instant Blood Pressure App in Measuring Resting Heart Rate: Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Plante Timothy B , O'Kelly Anna C , Urrea Bruno , Macfarlane Zane T , Appel Lawrence J , Miller III Edgar R , Blumenthal Roger S , Martin Seth S
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND

mHealth apps that measure heart rate using pulse photoplethysmography (PPG) are classified as class II (moderate-risk) Food and Drug Administration devices; therefore, these devices need clinical validation prior to public release. The Auralife Instant Blood Pressure app (AuraLife IBP app) is an mHealth app that measures blood pressure inaccurately based on a previous validation study. Its ability to measure heart rate has not been previously reported.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of our study was to assess the accuracy and precision of the AuraLife IBP app in measuring heart rate.

METHODS

We enrolled 85 adults from ambulatory clinics. Two measurements were obtained using the AuraLife IBP app, and 2 other measurements were achieved with a oscillometric device. The order of devices was randomized. Accuracy was assessed by calculating the relative and absolute mean differences between heart rate measurements obtained using each AuraLife IBP app and an average of both standard heart rate measurements. Precision was assessed by calculating the relative and absolute mean differences between individual measurements in the pair for each device.

RESULTS

The relative and absolute mean (SD) differences between the devices were 1.1 (3.5) and 2.8 (2.4) beats per minute (BPM), respectively. Meanwhile, the within-device relative and absolute mean differences, respectively, were <0.1 (2.2) and 1.7 (1.4) BPM for the standard device and −0.1 (3.2) and 2.2 (2.3) BPM for the AuraLife IBP app.

CONCLUSIONS

The AuraLife IBP app had a high degree of accuracy and precision in the measurement of heart rate. This supports the use of PPG technology in smartphones for monitoring resting heart rate.
An Automated Approach for Finding Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Seasonal Influenza in the United States: Algorithm Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Sambaturu Prathyush , Bhattacharya Parantapa , Chen Jiangzhuo , Lewis Bryan , Marathe Madhav , Venkatramanan Srinivasan , Vullikanti Anil
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND

Agencies such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) currently release influenza-like illness incidence data, along with descriptive summaries of simple spatio-temporal patterns and trends. However, public health researchers, government agencies, as well as the general public, are often interested in deeper patterns and insights into how the disease is spreading, with additional context. Analysis by domain experts is needed for deriving such insights from incidence data.

OBJECTIVE

Our goal was to develop an automated approach for finding interesting spatio-temporal patterns in the spread of a disease over a large region, such as regions which have specific characteristics (eg, high incidence in a particular week, those which showed a sudden change in incidence) or regions which have significantly different incidence compared to earlier seasons.

METHODS

We developed techniques from the area of transactional data mining for characterizing and finding interesting spatio-temporal patterns in disease spread in an automated manner. A key part of our approach involved using the principle of minimum description length for representing a given target set in terms of combinations of attributes (referred to as clauses); we considered both positive and negative clauses, relaxed descriptions which approximately represent the set, and used integer programming to find such descriptions. Finally, we designed an automated approach, which examines a large space of sets corresponding to different spatio-temporal patterns, and ranks them based on the ratio of their size to their description length (referred to as the compression ratio).

RESULTS

We applied our methods using minimum description length to find spatio-temporal patterns in the spread of seasonal influenza in the United States using state level influenza-like illness activity indicator data from the CDC. We observed that the compression ratios were over 2.5 for 50% of the chosen sets, when approximate descriptions and negative clauses were allowed. Sets with high compression ratios (eg, over 2.5) corresponded to interesting patterns in the spatio-temporal dynamics of influenza-like illness. Our approach also outperformed description by solution in terms of the compression ratio.

CONCLUSIONS

Our approach, which is an unsupervised machine learning method, can provide new insights into patterns and trends in the disease spread in an automated manner. Our results show that the description complexity is an effective approach for characterizing sets of interest, which can be easily extended to other diseases and regions beyond influenza in the US. Our approach can also be easily adapted for automated generation of narratives.
A Smoking Prevention Program Delivered by Medical Students to Secondary Schools in Brazil Called “Education Against Tobacco”: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Lisboa Oscar Campos , Bernardes-Souza Breno , Xavier Luiz Eduardo De Freitas , Almeida Matheus Rocha , Corrêa Paulo César Rodrigues Pinto , Brinker Titus Josef
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND

Smoking is the largest preventable cause of mortality in Brazil. Education Against Tobacco (EAT) is a network of more than 3500 medical students and physicians across 14 countries who volunteer for school-based smoking prevention programs. EAT educates 50,000 adolescents per year in the classroom setting. A recent quasi-experimental study conducted in Germany showed that EAT had significant short-term smoking cessation effects among adolescents aged 11 to 15 years.

OBJECTIVE

The aim is to measure the long-term effectiveness of the most recent version of the EAT curriculum in Brazil.

METHODS

A randomized controlled trial was conducted among 2348 adolescents aged 12 to 21 years (grades 7-11) at public secondary schools in Brazil. The prospective experimental design included measurements at baseline and at 6 and 12 months postintervention. The study groups comprised randomized classes receiving the standardized EAT intervention (90 minutes of mentoring in a classroom setting) and control classes in the same schools (no intervention). Data were collected on smoking status, gender, social aspects, and predictors of smoking. The primary endpoint was the difference in the change in smoking prevalence between the intervention group and the control group at 12-month follow-up.

RESULTS

From baseline to 12 months, the smoking prevalence increased from 11.0% to 20.9% in the control group and from 14.1% to 15.6% in the intervention group. This difference was statistically significant (P<.01). The effects were smaller for females (control 12.4% to 18.8% vs intervention 13.1% to 14.6%) than for males (control 9.1% to 23.6% vs intervention 15.3% to 16.8%). Increased quitting rates and prevented onset were responsible for the intervention effects. The differences in change in smoking prevalence from baseline to 12 months between the intervention and control groups were increased in students with low school performance.

CONCLUSIONS

To our knowledge, this is the first randomized trial on school-based tobacco prevention in Brazil that shows significant long-term favorable effects. The EAT program encourages quitting and prevents smoking onset, especially among males and students with low educational background.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02725021; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02725021
Вплив рекомбінантного тиреотропного гормона людини та радіойодотерапії на функцію клітин вродженого імунітету у хворих на рак щитоподібної залози
Authors: Zakharchenko T.F. , Zamotaeva G.A. , Gulevatyi S.V.
Published: November 2018

Мета: дослідити вплив радіойодотерапії (РЙТ) на цитотоксичну активність NK-клітин та метаболічну активність нейтрофілів (НФ) у хворих на диференційований рак щитоподібної залози (ДРЩЗ) на тлі відміни гормоносупресивної терапії (гіпотиреоз) або застосування рекомбінантного тиреотропного гормона людини (рлТТГ) — препарату тироген (еутиреоз). Матеріали та методи. Визначали імунологічні показники у двох групах радикально прооперованих хворих на ДРЩЗ за різних умов проведення РЙТ. У групу A (із відміною L-тироксину) увійшли 28 пацієнтів віком від 24 до 60 років. Пацієнти отримали 1 чи 2 курси РЙТ. Групу В (із використанням тирогену) становили 23 пацієнти віком від 14 до 66 років. Пацієнти групи В отримали від одного до трьох курсів РЙТ. Імунологічне дослідження проводили напередодні та через 5 або 6 діб після прийому 131І активністю від 2180 до 6000 МБк. Контрольні групи складалися з донорів відповідного віку і статі. Цитотоксичну активність NК-клітин проти індикаторних клітин-мішеней визначали, використовуючи спектрофотометрію, метаболічну активність НФ — у стандартному тесті відновлення НСТ (нітросиній тетразолій). Результати. Після РЙТ активність NК-клітин у хворих із відміною L-тироксину (група А) істотно не змінюється і залишається на низькому рівні, а метаболічна активність НФ значно перевищує початковий показник. У хворих із використанням тирогену (група В) активність NК-клітин після РЙТ значно збільшується відносно початкового значення, а активність НФ не зазнає значної зміни. Активність NК-клітин у хворих групи В статистично значуще (р < 0,001) більша, а активність НФ нижча (р < 0,001) за активність цих клітин у хворих групи А. Висновки. Порівняльний аналіз результатів показав, що активність NК-клітин та метаболічна активність НФ у хворих на ДРЩЗ відрізняються залежно від умов проведення РЙТ. У хворих на ДРЩЗ у стані еутиреозу після РЙТ активність NК-клітин більша, а НФ нижча за активність цих клітин у пацієнтів у стані гіпотиреозу. Підготовка до РЙТ із використанням рлТТГ (тирогену) позитивно впливає на функціональні показники клітин вродженого імунітету у хворих на ДРЩЗ, опромінених радіойодом.
Особливості впливу Стифімолу на показники вуглеводного, ліпідного обміну й рівень адипокінів крові у хворих на цукровий діабет 2-го типу з ожирінням та артеріальною гіпертензією
Authors: Zuiev K.O. , Khanko I.M.
Published: November 2018

Мета: оцінити вплив лікування фіксованою комбінацією екстракту гарцинії камбоджійської (що відповідає вмісту кислоти гідроксилимонної 0,05 г) 0,1 г, хрому піколінату 0,0001 г, L-тирозину 0,5 г, L-карнітину 0,015 г, водоростей бурих сухого екстракту (Fucus vesiculosus L.) у перерахунку на йод 0,037 мг на показники ліпідного й вуглеводного обміну, а також на рівень адипокінів (лептину й адипонектину) в крові у хворих на цукровий діабет (ЦД) 2-го типу з ожирінням і артеріальною гіпертензією. Матеріали та методи. У дослідження були включені 53 пацієнти (з них 25 чоловіків) віком 55,90 ± 2,15 року з ЦД 2-го типу, артеріальною гіпертензією й ожирінням (індекс маси тіла ≥ 30 кг/м2). Результати. В основній групі (n = 30) через 12 тижнів лікування такою фіксованою комбінацією в дозі по 1 капсулі 3 рази на день рівень HbA1c зменшився на 0,87 ± 0,14 % (P1 = 0,0001), у контрольній (n = 23) — знизився на 0,17 ± 0,16 % (P1 = 0,1), різниця між основною й контрольною групами була статистично значущою (P2 = 0,001). Рівень глюкози в плазмі крові натще в основній групі знизився на 8,00 ± 4,26 % (P1 = 0,03), у контрольній — на 2,7 ± 4,8 % (P1 = 0,2), при цьому різниця між групами була статистично незначущою (P2 = 0,4). Рівень ліпопротеїдів низької щільності в основній групі знизився на 18,20 ± 5,43 % (P1 = 0,001), в контрольній — збільшився на 6,9 ± 6,2 % (P1 = 0,7), різниця між групами була статистично значущою (P2 = 0,003). В основній групі відмічено зниження рівня тригліцеридів на 14,9 ± 6,5 % (P1 = 0,02), у контрольній — збільшення на 20,30 ± 7,46 % (P1 = 0,04), різниця між групами була статистично значущою (P2 = 0,008). В основній групі рівень ліпопротеїдів високої щільності підвищився на 20,2 ± 6,8 % (P1 = 0,03), у контрольній — знизився на 3,7 ± 7,7 % (P1 = 0,12), різниця між групами була статистично значущою (P2 = 0,02). Терапія досліджуваним препаратом не впливала на резистентність до інсуліну, що визначалася за індексом НОМА-ІР і рівнем імунореактивного інсуліну в плазмі крові натще. На фоні лікування досліджуваним препаратом відмічено зменшення рівня лептину на 21,4 ± 6,1 % (P1 = 0,004), а також спостерігалася тенденція до збільшення рівня адипонектину — він зріс на 19,30 ± 9,36 % (P1 = 0,39). Висновки. Зниження маси тіла на фоні терапії означеною фіксованою комбінацією привело до покращення показників вуглеводного й ліпідного обміну, а також позитивно впливало на рівень лептину в плазмі крові.
Резолюція науково-практичної конференції з міжнародною участю «Сімейна медицина — майбутнє охорони здоров'я України» (до 100-річчя заснування НМАПО імені П.Л. Шупика) (17–18 травня 2018 р., м. Київ)
Authors: Shekera O. G.
Published: November 2018

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Зміни рівнів простагландинів у сироватці крові в пацієнтів iз гастроезофагеальною рефлюксною хворобою на фоні цукрового діабету ІІ типу
Authors: Sirchak Ye.S. , Stan M.P.
Published: November 2018

Актуальність. В основі ураження органів травлення в пацієнтів із цукровим діабетом (ЦД) лежать декілька механізмів: дисфункція вегетативної нервової системи, ангіо­патія, дисрегуляція секреції та інактивація гормонів і інкрементів. Мета дослідження: вивчити особливості зміни рівня простагландинів (Pg) (І2 та F2α) в сироватці крові в пацієнтів iз гастроезофагеальною рефлюксною хворобою (ГЕРХ) на фоні ЦД ІІ типу залежно від порушення індексу маси тіла. Матеріали та методи. Обстежено 54 пацієнти з ЦД ІІ типу та ГЕРХ (І група). У групу порівняння увійшло 22 пацієнти з ГЕРХ (ІІ група). В обстежених хворих визначали показники Pg F2α та 6-кето-простагландину F1α (простациклін крові — Pg I2) в сироватці крові. Результати. Встановлено підвищення рівнів простагландинів в обох групах пацієнтів, але більш виражені зміни спостерігаються в І групi. Звертає на себе увагу більш суттєве зростання концентрації Pg I2 порівняно з показником Pg F2α, особливо в пацієнтів iз ГЕРХ на фоні ЦД ІІ типу (в 3,4 раза проти 2,1 раза в І групi). У пацієнтів iз ГЕРХ встановлено зростання рівня Pg I2 в 2,2 раза, а Pg F2α — лише в 1,6 раза. При поєднанні декількох патологічних станів (ЦД ІІ типу, ГЕРХ, порушення індексу маси тіла) спостерігається більш виражене підвищення концентрації саме простацикліну, що також залежить від тривалості захворювання. Висновки. У пацієнтів iз ГЕРХ встановлено збiльшення рівня простагландинів F2α та I2 в сироватці крові. Поєднання ГЕРХ та ЦД ІІ типу супроводжується більш вираженим зростанням концентрації простагландинів, особливо Pg I2, в сироватці крові. Встановлено залежність між тривалістю ЦД ІІ типу, надмірною вагою тіла та динамікою рівня Pg I2 в сироватці крові в пацієнтів iз ГЕРХ на фоні ЦД ІІ типу.
Негативні ефекти зловживання послаблюючими засобами у лікарській практиці
Authors: Stepanov Yu.M. , Vlasova O.N. , Stoikevych M.V.
Published: November 2018

Зловживання проносними засобами — це розлад, що характеризується незрозумілою і мінливою низкою шлунково-кишкових, електролітних і кислотно-лужних відхилень, що можуть призвести як до виникнення хронічних захворювань, так і до смертельних наслідків. Зловживання самоіндукуєтся, завуальоване і пов’язане з психологічними відхиленнями, що ускладнює постановку діагнозу. Як безпечний проносний засіб пацієнтам, які потребують тривалого лікування запорів, може бути рекомендований препарат ИзіДу.
Спалахи гострих кишкових інфекцій вірусної етіології в країнах світу (частина І)
Authors: Trykhlib V.I.
Published: November 2018

У статті поданий огляд літератури стосовно спалахів гострих кишкових інфекцій вірусної етіології, обумовлених вживанням харчових продуктів, води, і збудників, які їх викликали, у країнах світу.
SALES LEADERSHIP AND SALESPEOPLE’S PERFORMANCE IN KOGI STATE: AN INVESTIGATION OF HERBAL MIXTURE MARKETING MANAGERS
Authors: Ogbadu Elijah E. , Nafiu Akeem Tunde , Aduku Danlami Joseph
Published: November 2018

This study focused on leadership styles and job performance of salespeople of Herbal Mixture Marketing Organizations in Kogi State, Nigeria. The population of this study is not definite, and as such Bill Godden method was used to determine the sample size of 384. For the field survey, the instrument used was structured questionnaire. The study analyzed data with descriptive statistics, T-test, correlation and multiple regressions. Finding indicates that there are significant differences between transformational and transactional sales leaders of Herbal Mixture Marketing Organizations in Kogi State, Nigeria. Finding further shows that welfare concern and carrot & stick system has significantly positive effect on salespeople’s performance, where the effect of team spirit building is negative. The study concludes that the differences between transformational and transactional sales leadership is evident, and the practice of these leadership approaches may vary from country to country, region to region and culture to culture. This study therefore recommends that Herbal Mixture marketing managers should adopt more of transformational sales leadership, and focus more on welfarism and carrot & stick system strategically to enhance desired salespeople’s performance.
THE INTERDEPENDENCE BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL PERFORMANCES AND COMPANY’S ECONOMIC VALUE: THE CASE STUDY OF TITAN CEMENT KOSJERIĆ
Authors: Petrović-Ranđelović Marija , Stevanović Tatjana , Janković-Milić Vesna
Published: November 2018

The purpose of this paper is to research the relationship between environmental and social performances and company’s economic value on case of the Titan Cement Kosjerić, and contributes to a clearer understanding of the importance on integrating the sustainable development principles into the business strategy and processes. The research was conducted using the data on selected financial and nonfinancial performances of the company from the Reports on corporate social responsibility and sustainable development for the period from 2011 to 2015. To confirm the initial hypothesis it was used the method of analysis, method of synthesis, and the correlation analysis method. The empirical findings of this research indicate that there is a high degree of interdependence between environmental and social performance and company’s economic value, which is in line with the company's commitment to sustainable development and socially responsible business. The main contribution of this paper attempts in highlighting the importance on carry out the socially responsible practices in the cement industry companies for improving all aspects of sustainable business - financial, environmental, and social.
COMMERCE AND CUSTOMS SERVICE ON THE OTTOMAN-HABSBURG BORDER IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 18TH CENTURY
Authors: Đorđević Miloš , Nedeljković Slaviša
Published: November 2018

In the year of the 300th anniversary of the Treaty of Passarowitz (Treaty of Požarevac) (1718), this paper has the goal of providing so far unknown facts regarding commerce and the organization of customs service in what was the recently founded Austrian province, the Kingdom of Serbia. The distribution of income from customs duties was in the hands of the Chief customs authority of Belgrade. That income covered expenses of its operations and filled the coffers of the Administration. Working methods for customs officers were regulated by special bylaws of the emperor Charles (Karl) VI that specified the application of customs tariffs, procedures applied in charging customs duties, introduction of privileged positions for Oriental company, and the implementation of protection measures against the plague at the border with the Ottoman Empire.
KESOPANAN BERBAHASA DALAM TEKS PASAMBAHAN TINJAUAN PRAGMATIK
Authors: Denafri Bram
Published: November 2018

Pasambahan is a two party conversation between host (sipangka) and guest (alek) to convey intentions and objectives with respect. This study aimed to reveal the politeness form contained in the text pasambahan of writing Datuek Tonggak Sati. To identify the politeness form in the passage,the theory of politness proposed by Leech was used. Leech divides the principle of politeness into six maxims, namely the Tact Maxim, generosity maxim, approbiation maxim, modesty maxim, agreement maxim, and sympathy maxim. Method of data provision used is identity method. Method of data analysis used is referential identity method and translational identity method. The method of presentation of research results used is the informal method. The results of this study revealed that the Minangkabau public speech in bapasambahan found in many forms of taxt maxim. Because the Minangkabau people in bapasambahan use allegories in communicating with interlocutor said. That Minangkabau people are required to be someone who is wise and prudent. Wise in understanding the speech delivered by his interlocutor in the form of figuratively and prudent in responding to the figurative delivered by his interlocutor

Pasambahan merupakan percakapan dua pihak yang bersangkutan antara tuan rumah (sipangka) dan tamu (si alek) untuk menyampaikan maksud dan tujuan dengan hormat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan bentuk kesopanan yang terdapat pada teks pasambahan. Untuk mengungkapkan bentuk kesopanan dalam pasambahan, digunakan teori kesopanan berbahasa yang dikemukakan oleh Lecch. Leech membagi prinsip kesopanan menjadi 6 maksim, yaitu maksim kearifan, maksim kedermawanan, maksim pujian, maksim kerendahan hati, maksim kesepakatan, dan maksim simpati. Metode penyediaan data yang digunakan adalah metode simak. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah metode padan referensial dan translasional. Metode penyajian hasil penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode  informal. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa tuturan masyarakat Minangkabau dalam bapasambahan banyak ditemukan dalam bentuk maksim kearifan karena masyarakat Minangkabau dalam bapasambahan menggunakan kiasan dalam berkomunikasi dengan mitra tuturnya. Sehingga masyarakat Minangkabau dituntut untuk menjadi seseorang yang arif dan bijaksana. Arif memahami tuturan yang disampaikan oleh mitra tuturnya dalam bentuk kiasan dan bijaksana dalam merespon kiasan yang disampaikan oleh mitra tuturnya.
KAJIAN STRUKTURAL DAN SOSIOLOGI SASTRA DALAM NOVEL SEPUTIH HATI YANG TERCABIK
Authors: Syarifuddin Syarifuddin
Published: November 2018

The study aimed to (1) analyze and describe the novel structure, and (2) analyze and explain the sociological aspects in which the main character of the novel. The method of the study was qualitative by using sosiology of literature approach. Literary technique was done by using descriptive analysis. The data was obtained from documents and informants. Data collection technique were conducted through three procedures: (1) reading, (2) finding aspects of literary structure, and (3) finding aspects of sociology of literature. There were three basics to analyze the data. They were data reduction, data presentation, and data withdrawal. Based on the three basics, it can be seen about the life of main character in the novel Seputih Hati yang Tercabik written by Ratu Wardarita, Ida Kusama. The main character was described as a woman who was tough on her household problems that is her failure in marry. Based on data analysis, it is known that the novel talks about the life struggle of the main character accompanying with culture aspect in every place visited by the main character.

 

Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dari penelitian ini yaitu : (1) menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan struktur novel, dan (2) menganalisis dan memaparkan aspek sosiologi yang dialami tokoh utama dalam novel. Metode yang digunakan adalah secara kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi sastra. Teknik kepustakaan dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Data diperoleh dari dokumen dan informan. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tiga prosedur: (1) membaca, (2) mencari aspek struktur sastra, dan (3) mencari aspek sosiologi sastra. Terdapat tiga dasar untuk menganalisis data yang diperoleh yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan data. Dari ketiga dasar tersebut dapat dihasilkan mengenai keadaan hidup tokoh utama dalam novel Seputih Hati yang Tercabik Karya Ratu Wardarita bernama Ida Kusama. Tokoh utama digambarkan menjadi seorang wanita yang tegar terhadap permasalahan rumah tangganya yaitu berupa kegagalan berumah tangga. Dari analisis data yang dilakukan, diketahui bahwa novel tersebut mengenai perjuangan hidup tokoh utama dengan diiringi aspek budaya yang kental di setiap daerah yang didatangi tokoh utama.
Improving students learning motivation through mobile learning
Authors: Sari Alfiana Monika , Nurcahyo Heru
Published: November 2018

One of the obstacles to achieving learning objectives is the low motivation of student learning. This study aimed to determine the improvement of students learning motivation through mobile learning. This pre-experimental study consisted of 35 students of  XIPA1 as a subject while the population is all the students of State Senior High School 1 of Banguntapan – Yogyakarta. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. Data collection used questionnaires were given before and after learning. Data analysis used paired t-test and N-gain score to see the effectiveness of mobile learning in increasing students learning motivation. The results showed that by using the mobile learning had a significant effect on students' learning motivation with a significance value (α) of 0.00 <0.05 while the N-gain score was included in the medium category, which was 0.64. The conclusions from this study indicate that mobile learning can increase learning motivation.
Tecnologia da formação docente no currículo dos blogs sobre alfabetização
Authors: Meireles Gabriela Silveira , Paraíso Marlucy Alves
Published: November 2018

A presente pesquisa parte do entendimento de que o currículo é um artefato social e cultural que divulga saberes e modos de ser. O currículo dos blogs faz parte desse tipo de currículo que apresenta uma pedagogia cultural. A pesquisa que deu base para este artigo teve como objetivo investigar se há uma tecnologia da formação docente operando no currículo dos blogs nos blogs sobre alfabetização criados por professoras-alfabetizadoras e por meio de que técnicas, tecnologias e estratégias esse currículo é posto em funcionamento. Para a realização da pesquisa, foram utilizadas duas abordagens metodológicas – a Netnografia para a realização da investigação em um espaço online; e a Análise do Discurso de inspiração foucaultiana para realizar as análises do material coletado. Concluímos, assim, que os blogs se constituem em um espaço que disputa com as Universidades e outras instituições para formar professoras-alfabetizadoras.
RADIOLOGY IN SAINTPETERSBURG '2017
Authors: Trofimova T. N. , Panfilenko A. F.
Published: November 2018

The article presents statistical data on the state of Saint-Petersburg radiology as of 2017.
As políticas sociais e a democratização da educação: novas fronteiras entre público e privado
Authors: Oliveira Dalila , Ferreira Elisa
Published: November 2018

Este artigo objetiva contribuir com o debate sobre política social, especificamente aquela que trata da educação, no contexto do capitalismo atual. Consideramos que as políticas públicas de educação no Brasil estão sendo empreendidas, particularmente após a segunda metade da década de 1990, sob um movimento articulado de expansão-focalização. As reformas empreendidas no Estado a na administração pública constituíram novas fronteiras entre o público e o privado na relação Estado e sociedade, de modo que a função pública tem-se caracterizado cada vez mais com um caráter normativo, regulador e avaliador. As políticas sociais de caráter universal têm cedido espaço às políticas de cunho compensatório. Nesse sentido, o Estado tem buscado parcerias com a sociedade civil para gerir os problemas sociais sob o argumento de que se trata de fenômenos de responsabilidade social. Dentre essas parcerias, existem aquelas que se desenvolvem por meio da oferta privada de serviços públicos, cuja forma de financiamento nos remete à tradicional prática do Estado brasileiro de preservação do capitalismo por meio do incentivo à sua reprodução e legitimação. Palavras-chave: políticas sociais; educação; reforma do Estado; reforma Educacional.
Rupturas escolares e dispositivos: o fracasso escolar como problema social na França dos anos 1990
Authors: Paixão Lea , Da Cruz Léa , Mello Marisol
Published: November 2018

No texto é apresentado o resumo das principais análises feitas pelo professor Daniel Thin em atividades realizadas na Faculdade de Educação da UFF. A partir de suas pesquisas, o professor aborda discussões contemporâneas sobre o fracasso escolar na França, onde os dispositivos se constituem em ações instrumentais para a aplicação de políticas públicas que visam ao enfrentamento deste problema. O fracasso escolar é analisado na perspectiva das “rupturas escolares”, categoria analítica que representa a abertura de novas possibilidades de compreensão das dificuldades de escolarização, assim como das tensões e ambivalências vividas pelas famílias em relação à educação e ao futuro dos filhos. Palavras-chave: fracasso escolar; rupturas escolares; dispositivos.
A relação entre pesquisa e sala de aula em educação matemática: um primeiro olhar
Authors: De Andrade Silvanio
Published: November 2018

Este trabalho de investigação pretende entender e analisar a relação entre pesquisa e sala de aula em educação matemática, com atenção especial para evidenciar processos como: Qual o impacto da pesquisa de educação matemática na sala de aula? Como as pesquisas e os pesquisadores vêm se relacionando com a sala de aula? O que os pesquisadores têm a dizer da sala de aula de matemática e do que esta tem mostrado a eles. Nesse artigo, especificamente, apresentaremos uma problematização do objeto de estudo, o referencial teórico, a metodologia e alguns resultados parciais em andamento. Finalmente, mostraremos que a relação pesquisa/sala de aula em educação matemática é um fenômeno muito complexo e de múltiplos olhares. Palavras-chave: educação matemática; pesquisa; sala de aula.