bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transformative Flood Risk Reduction in Jakarta: Between Urgent Needs and Contested Measures
Authors: Garschagen Matthias , Surtiari Ayu , Harb Mostapha
Published: June 2018

Jakarta belongs to the cities with the highest flood risk in the world. Its flood hazard is driven by land subsidence, soil sealing, changes in river discharge and increasingly sea level rise. As all of these trends are set to continue, Jakarta’s flood hazard is expected to intensify in the future. Designing and implementing risk reduction and adaption measures is therefore of utmost importance. Against the background, the paper draws on a discourse analysis and original empirical household survey data to review and evaluate current adaptation measures and to analyze in how far they describe a path that is transformative from previous risk reduction approaches. The results show that the focus is clearly on engineering solutions, foremost in the Giant Sea Wall project. The project is likely to transform the city’s flood hydrology. However, it cements rather than transforms the current risk management paradigm which gravitates around the goal of controlling flood symptoms, rather than addressing their anthropogenic root causes. The results also show that the planned measures are heavily contested due to concerns about ecological impacts, social costs, distributional justice, public participation and long-term effectiveness. On the outlook, the results therefore suggest that the more the flood hazard will intensify in the future, the deeper a societal debate will be needed about the desired pathway in flood risk reduction and overall development planning – particularly with regards to the accepted level of transformation, such as partial retreat from the most flood-affected areas.
Recent Advances in Photo-Responsive Polypeptide Derived Nano-Assemblies
Authors: Yang Lu , Tang Houliang , Sun Hao
Published: June 2018

Stimuli-responsive polymeric materials have attracted significant attentions in a variety of high-value-added and industrial applications during the past decade. Among various stimuli, light is of particular interest as a stimulus due to its unique advantages such as precisely spatiotemporal control, mild conditions, ease of use, and tunability. In recent years, a lot of effort toward synthesis of biocompatible and biodegradable polypeptide has resulted in many examples of photo-responsive nanoparticles. Depending on the specific photochemistry, those polypeptide derived nano-assemblies are capable of crosslinking, disassembling, or morphing into other shapes upon light irradiation. In this mini-review, we aim to assess the current state of photo-responsive polypeptide based nanomaterials. First, those “smart” nanomaterials will be categorized by their photo-triggered events (i.e., crosslinking, degradation, and isomerization) which are inherently governed by photo-sensitive functionalities including o-nitrobenzyl, coumarin, azobenzene, cinnamyl, and spiropyran. In addition, the properties and applications of those polypeptide nanomaterials will be highlighted as well. Finally, the current challenges and future directions of this subject will be evaluated.
Antiproliferative Activity of Neem Leaf Extracts Obtained by a Sequential Pressurized Liquid Extraction
Authors: Santos Klebson S. , Barbosa Andriele M. , Freitas Victor , Muniz Ana Veruska C.S. , Calhelha Ricardo C. , Ferreira Isabel C.F.R. , Franceschi Elton , Padilha Francine F. , Oliveira Maria Beatriz P.P. , Dariva Cláudio
Published: June 2018

Azadirachta indica A. Juss (neem) extracts have been used in pharmaceutical applications as antitumor agents, due to their terpenes and phenolic compounds. To obtain extracts from neem leaves with potential antiproliferative effect, a sequential process of pressurized liquid extraction was carried out in a fixed bed extractor at 25 ºC and 100 bar, using hexane (SH), ethyl acetate (SEA) and then ethanol (SE) as solvents. An extraction using only ethanol (EE) was also conducted to compare the characteristics of the fractionated extracts. The results obtained by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry suggested the highest concentration of terpenes for SEA extract in comparison to SH, SE and EE extracts. Therefore, antiproliferative activity showed SEA extracts were the most efficient inhibitors to human tumor cells MCF-7, NCI-H460, HeLa, and HepG2 between all other extracts studied. However, hepatocellular normal cells were more resistant to SH, SEA, SE, and EE compared to malignant cells of breast, lung, hepatocellular, and cervical. Neem fractioned extracts obtained in the present study seem to be more selective for malignant cells compared to the normal cells.
A Novel Method of Synthesizing Graphene for Electronic Device Applications
Authors: Galvão Nierlly , Vasconcelos Getulio , Pessoa Rodrigo , Machado João , Guerino Marciel , Fraga Mariana , Rodrigues Bruno , Camus Julien , Djouadi Mohamed , Maciel Homero
Published: June 2018

This article reports a novel and efficient method to synthesize graphene by thermal decomposition process. In this method, silicon carbide (SiC) thin films grown on Si(100) wafers with an AlN buffer layer were used as substrates. A CO2 laser beam heating without vacuum or controlled atmosphere was applied for SiC thermal decomposition. The physical, chemical, morphological, and electrical properties of the laser-produced graphene were investigated for different laser energy densities. The results demonstrate that graphene was produced in form of small islands with quality, density and properties depending on the applied laser energy density. Furthermore, the produced graphene exhibits a sheet resistance characteristic similar to graphene grown on mono-crystalline SiC wafer, which indicates its potential for electronic device applications.
Encapsulation of Droplets Using Cusp Formation Behind a Drop Rising in a Non-Newtonian Fluid
Authors: Poryles Raphael , Zenit Roberto
Published: June 2018

The rising of an oil drop in a non-Newtonian viscous solution is studied experimentally. In this case, the shape of the ascending drop is strongly affected by the non-Newtonian properties of the surrounding liquid. We found that the so-called velocity discontinuity phenomena is observed for drops larger than a certain critical size. Beyond the critical velocity, the formation of a long tail is observed, from which small droplets are continuously emitted. We determined that the fragmentation of the tail results mainly from the effect of capillary effects. We explore the idea of using this configuration as a new encapsulation technique, where the size and frequency of droplets can be well predicted.
Characteristics of Welding and Arc Pressure in the Plasma–TIG Hybrid Welding Process
Authors: Wang Bo , Zhu Xunming , Zhang Hongchang , Zhang Hongtao , Feng Jicai
Published: June 2018

In this article, a novel hybrid welding process called plasma-TIG coupled arc welding was proposed to improve the efficiency and quality of welding by utilizing the full advantage of plasma and TIG welding processes. The two arcs of plasma and TIG were pulled into each other into one coupled arc under the effect of Lorentz force and plasma flow force during welding experiments. The arc behavior of coupled arc was studied by means of it’s arc profile, arc pressure and arc force conditions. The coupled arc pressure distribution measurements were performed. The effects of welding conditions on coupled arc pressure were evaluated and the maximum coupled arc pressure was improved compared with single-plasma arc and single-TIG arc. It was found that the maximum arc pressure was mainly determined by plasma arc current and plasma gas flow. According to the results, the proposed coupled arc welding process have both advantages of plasma arc and TIG method, and it has a broad application prospect.
Determination of Intestinal Mass by Region Growing Method
Authors: Yasar Ali , Saritas Ismail , Korkmaz Huseyin
Published: June 2018

Image processing is a field of which its popularity increases and continues and, that grows dynamically with new technologies. Nowadays, image processing finds itself in use in almost every field. One of these uses is undoubtedly in the field of medicine, where diagnosis and treatment planning are made from images and, which is constantly changing with newly developed techniques. Of course, the most important factor in using this so widely in the medical field is the acquisition of images on every medical field. With the help of these images, the complaints can be seen more easily and the doctor can follow a path in the treatment of the disease. In our study, we used the Region Growing segmentation method to detect the intestinal mass. This study compares the area determined by the specialist with the area obtained with the segmentation process and, it is seen that the created software system can be used as an auxiliary system to specialist doctors.
Secoiridoids from the Seed of Gonocaryum calleryanum and Their Inhibitory Potential on LPS-Induced Tumor Necrosis Factor and Nitric Oxide Production
Authors: Cheng Kun-Ching , Chang Chi-I , Lin Yu-Chi , Liu Chih-I , Zeng Yu-Ci , Lin Yun-Sheng
Published: June 2018

Three new secoiridoid constituents Gonocarin A-C (1-3) and a new derivative Gonocarin A monoacetate (4), along with two known lignins pinoresinol (5) and paulownin (6) were isolated from the seed of Gonocaryum calleryanum (Baill.) Becc. The structures of the new metabolites were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, particularly mass spectroscopy and 2D NMR (1H–1H COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY) spectroscopy. When mouse macrophages RAW264.7 were treated with compounds 1-6 together with LPS -stimulated, a concentration-dependent inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) productions were detected. The results confirmed that the Gonocaryum calleryanumrrg could be a potential anti-inflammatory agent.
Is There a Right to Get a Right Diagnosis Whenever Possible? Ethical and Social Issues in Dealing with Undiagnosed Rare Diseases
Authors: Gainotti Sabina , Mascalzoni Deborah , Bros Facer Virginie , Petrini Carlo , Floridia Giovanna , Roos Marco , Salvatore Marco , Taruscio Domenica
Published: June 2018

The time required to reach a correct diagnosis is one of the most important problems for rare disease (RD) patients. Diagnostic delay can be intolerably long, to the point that it is usually described as a “diagnostic odyssey” and, sometimes, a diagnosis might never occur. The International Rare Disease Research Consortium proposed, as ultimate goal for 2017-2027, to enable all people with a suspected RD to be diagnosed within one year if the disorder is known, and to enter a globally coordinated diagnostic and research pipeline for the unsolved cases. In-depth analysis of the genotype through next generation sequencing, together with a standardized in-depth phenotype description and sophisticated high-throughput approaches, have been applied as diagnostic tools to increase the chance of a timely and accurate diagnosis. This approach is very fruitful as, according to the Orphanet database, from 2010 to March 2017 more than 600 new RDs have been described and about 3600 genes linked to RDs have been identified. However, combination of -omics and phenotype data and international sharing of this information raise ethical concerns. Values to be assessed include not only patient autonomy but also family implications, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, solidarity and reciprocity, which must be respected and promoted and, at the same time, balanced among each other. In this work we suggest that, to maximise patients involvement in the search for a diagnosis and identification of new causative genes, undiagnosed patients should have the possibility to: 1) actively participate in the description of their phenotype; 2) choose the level of visibility of their profile in matchmaking databases; 3) express their preferences regarding return of new findings, in particular which level of Variant of Unknown Significance (VUS) significance should be considered relevant to them. The quality of the relation between individual patients and physicians, and between the patient community and the scientific community is critically important for making the best use of available data and combining efforts in the search for matches with similar cases worldwide that will help to solve unsolved cases. The contribution of patients to collecting and coding data comprehensively is critical for efficient use of data downstream of data collection.
Proposal for a Software Sustainability Design Catalogue
Authors: Oyedeji Shola , Penzenstadler Birgit , Seffah Ahmed
Published: June 2018

Like other ICT communities, sustainability in software engineering is a major research and development concerns. Current research focusses on eliciting the meanings of sustainability and proposing approaches for its engineering and integration into the mainstream software development lifecycle. However, few concrete guidelines that software designers can apply effectively are available and applicable. Such guidelines are needed for the elicitation of sustainability requirements and testing software against these guidelines. This paper introduces a sustainability design catalogue to assist software developers and managers in eliciting sustainability requirements, and then in measuring and testing software sustainability. The paper reviews the current research on sustainability in software engineering which is the grounds for the development of the catalogue. Four different case studies were analyzed using the Karlskrona manifesto on sustainability design. The output from this research paper is a software sustainability design catalogue through which a pilot framework is proposed that includes a set of sustainability goals, concepts and methods. The integration of sustainability for/in software systems requires a concrete framework that exemplifies how to apply and quantify sustainability. The paper demonstrates how the proposed software sustainability design catalogue provides a step towards this direction through a series of guidelines.
CSR and the Supply Chain: Effects on the Results of the SME
Authors: Valdez-Juárez Luis Enrique , Gallardo-Vázquez Dolores , Ramos-Escobar Elba
Published: June 2018

Currently, companies and SMEs (small and medium enterprises) are looking to be more competitive. In order to achieve this, they are adopting new business models and strategies that allow them to move towards sustainability. Strategies such as CSR (Corporate social responsibility) and supply chain management have become essential for ensuring a company’s permanence and financial consolidation. The literature has stated that the theories of Stakeholders and Sustainability are fundamental pillars for the development and sustained growth of business. The purpose of this article is to examine the effects of CSR and the SC (supply chain) on innovation, image and reputation, and in turn, their influences on profitability in SMEs. This research is based on a sample of 143 companies in the city of Guaymas Sonora, in Mexico. For the analysis and validation of the results, we used the SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) statistical technique based on the variance, through PLS (Partial Least Squares) (using SmartPLS version 3.2.6 Professional). The findings show that SMEs that develop social and sustainable practices increase their level of innovation, and improve their image, their reputation, and their financial profitability. This work contributes mainly to the development of Stakeholders and Sustainability.
Harmonizing Outcomes for Genomic Medicine: Comparison of eMERGE Outcomes to ClinGen Outcome/Intervention Pairs
Authors: Williams Janet L. , Chung Wendy K. , Fedotov Alex , Kiryluk Krzysztof , Weng Chunhua , Connolly John J. , Harr Margaret , Hakonarson Hakon , Leppig Kathleen A. , Larson Eric B. , Jarvik Gail P. , Veenstra David L. , Hoell Christin , Smith Maureen E. , Holm Ingrid A. , Peterson Josh F. , Williams Marc S.
Published: June 2018

Genomic medicine is moving from research to the clinic. There is a lack of evidence about the impact of genomic medicine interventions on health outcomes. This is due in part to a lack of standardized outcome measures that can be used across different programs to evaluate the impact of interventions targeted to specific genetic conditions. The eMERGE Outcomes working group (OWG) developed measures to collect information on outcomes following the return of genomic results to participants for several genetic disorders. These outcomes were compared to outcome intervention pairs for genetic disorders developed independently by the ClinGen Actionability working group (AWG). In general, there was concordance between the defined outcomes between the two groups. The ClinGen outcomes tended to be higher level and the AWG scored outcomes represented a subset of outcomes referenced in the accompanying AWG evidence review. eMERGE OWG outcomes were more detailed and discrete, facilitating collection of relevant information from health records. This paper demonstrates that common outcomes for genomic medicine interventions can be identified. Further work is needed to standardize outcomes across genomic medicine implementation projects and make these publicly available to enhance dissemination and assist in making precision public health a reality.
Monitoring System Analysis Used for Evaluating the Building’s Envelope Energy Performance Through Estimation of Its Heat Lost Coefficient
Authors: Giraldo-Soto Catalina , Erkoreka Aitor , Mora Laurent , Uriarte Irati , del Portillo Luis Alfonso
Published: June 2018

The present article is dealing with the state of question about building-energy monitoring systems used for data collection to estimate the Heat Lost Coefficient (HLC) with existing methods and so determinate buildings’ Envelope Energy Performance (EEP). In addition, the data requirements of HLC estimation methods are related with commonly used methods for fault detection, calibration and supervision of energy monitoring systems in buildings. Based on an extended review of experimental tests since 1978, a qualitative and quantitative analysis of Monitoring and Controlling System (MCS) specifications has been carried out. Although most actual Buildings Automation Systems (BAS) may measure the required parameters, further research is still needed to ensure that these data are accurate enough to rigorously apply the HLC estimation methods.
Experimental Investigation of the Use of Waste Mineral Oils as a Fuel with Organic-based Mn Additive
Authors: Özdalyan Bulent , Orman Recep Ç.
Published: June 2018

The heat values of waste mineral oils are equal to the heat value of the fuel oil. However, heat value alone is not sufficient for the use of waste mineral oils. as fuel. However, the critical physical properties of fuels such as density and viscosity need to be adapted to the system in order to be used. In this study, the engine oils used in the first 10,000 km of the vehicles were used as waste mineral oil. An organic-based Mn additive was synthesized to improve the properties of the waste mineral oil. It was observed that mixing the Mn additive with the waste mineral oil at different doses (4, 8, 12 and 16 ppm) improves the viscosity of the waste oil and the flash point. The resulting fuel was evaluated for emission using different loads in a 5 kW capacity generator to compare the fuel with standard diesel fuel and to determine the effect of Mn addition. In the experimental study, it was observed that the emission characteristics of the fuel obtained from waste mineral oil were worse than diesel fuel, but some improvement with Mn addition. As a result, we found that the use of waste mineral oils in engines in fuel standards was not appropriate, but may be improved with additives.
Radar Data Analyses for a Single Rainfall Event and Their Application for Flow Simulation in an Urban Catchment Using the SWMM Model
Authors: Barszcz Mariusz
Published: June 2018

In this study, regression analyses were used to find a relationship between the rain gauge rainfall rate R and radar reflectivity Z for the urban catchment of the Służewiecki Stream in Warsaw, Poland. Rainfall totals for 18 events which were measured at two rainfall stations were used for these analyses. Various methods for determining calculational values of radar reflectivity in reference to specific rainfall cells with 1-km resolution within an event duration were applied. The influence of each of these methods on the Z-R relationship was analyzed. The correction coefficient for data from the SRI (Surface Rainfall Intensity) product was established, in which the values of rainfall rate are calculated based on parameters a and b determined by Marshall and Palmer. Relatively good agreement between measured and estimated rainfall totals for the analyzed events was obtained using the Z-R relationships as well as the correction coefficient determined in this study. Rainfall depths estimated from radar data for two selected events were used to simulate flow hydrographs in the catchment using the SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) hydrodynamic model. Different scenarios were applied to investigate the stream response to changes in rainfall depths, in which the data both for 2 existing as well as 64 virtual rain gauges assigned to appropriate rainfall cells in the catchment were included.
Geomorphological, Landscape and Cultural Heritage of “Serra Do Alvão”: Interpretation, Assessment and Threats
Authors: Martins Bruno , Pereira Andreia
Published: June 2018

The analysis of the morphological features can be framed in different temporal and spatial scales, depending on the specific objectives and methodologies of the various scientific fields that find in them a valuable source of information. The inventory and assessment of the geomorphological heritage may be based not exclusively in geophysical factors, but also in its contribution to the structuring of the biosphere, in its interrelation with other types of heritage or even in its potential for research or education purposes. In this article, we proceeded to the selection of a set of geomorphosites, at different scales, in Serra do Alvão (northern Portugal), seeking to demonstrate the importance of the broad lines of relief and intermediate and detailed landforms to the organization of the cultural landscape. Based on a questionnaire applied to a sample of 104 persons, it was intended to assess the value of the geomorphosites, concerning the scientific, preservation, use, cultural and educational dimensions.
Trust and Distress Prediction in Modal Shift Potential of Long-Distance Road Freight in Containers: Modelling Approach in Transport Services for Sustainability
Authors: Szaruga Elżbieta , Skąpska Elżbieta , Załoga Elżbieta , Matwiejczuk Wiesław
Published: June 2018

Confidence in intermodal transport has not yet been defined. There are many different approaches to the concept of trust. However, the authors embedded them in the light of the challenges of sustainability, linking with the shift paradigm. The objective of the article is to indicate the directions and criteria for the implementation of the shift paradigm, inscribed in the idea of sustainable transport. The auxiliary objective is to predict which countries in a given year will have the TRUST status, i.e. implement the shift paradigm, and which will not implement it (DISTRESS). The article uses taxonometric techniques and built a model using General Discriminant Analysis. On their basis, the utility function was approximated, including the directions of implementation of the shift paradigm depending on the scale of the environmental load of transport. In the course of the research, an original and innovative econometric model was constructed, pointing to three variables, which had the greatest impact on trust. Thanks to the cognitive value of the model, it is possible to identify individuals who deserve the trust, i.e. it will implement the shift paradigm, with 93% probability. In the future, it is worth expanding the research by models for each country.
Polymer Flow in Porous Media
Authors: Skauge Arne , Zamani Nematollah , Gausdal Jacobsen Jørgen G. , Shaker Shiran Behruz S. , Al-Shakry Badar , Skauge Tormod
Published: June 2018

Polymer flooding is one of the most successful chemical EOR methods, and is primarily implemented to accelerate oil production by sweep improvement. However, other benefits have extended the utility of polymers. During the last decade, it has been evaluated for an increasing number of fields, both offshore and onshore. This is a consequence of improved polymer properties, which extends the use to HTHS (high temperature high salinity) conditions and of improved understanding of flow mechanisms such as for heavy oil mobilization. A key issue in understanding polymer performance is to control and predict in-situ porous medium rheology. The first part of this paper reviews recent developments in understanding polymer flow in porous medium. Especially, polymer in-situ rheology and injectivity is discussed. The second part of this paper reports polymer flow experiments using the most applied polymer for EOR processes, HPAM (partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide). The experiments address high rate near-wellbore behavior (radial flow) as well as reservoir rate steady state flow (linear flow) and discuss differences observed in terms of flow conditions. In addition, impact of oil on polymer rheology was investigated, and compared to single-phase polymer flow in Bentheimer sandstone rock material. Presence of oil leads to a reduction in apparent viscosity.
Coeducational Methodology Used by Physical Education Teachers and Their Perception in Students
Authors: Valdivia-Moral Pedro , Molero David , Díaz-Suarez Arturo , Cofre Cristian , Zagalaz-Sánchez Maria Luisa
Published: June 2018

Background: In PE, the methodology used to develop coeducation must consider the tastes and preferences of students. The purpose of this work was to analyze how teachers work with different aspects of PE classes and how their work is perceived by students. Methods: The sample was formed by 176 teachers and 1,136 secondary school students. The research design was descriptive. The Questionnaire of Coeducational Aspects in Physical Education for teachers and the Questionnaire of Perception of Equality and Discrimination in Physical Education for Students. Results: The different statistical analyses showed significant differences in how male and female teachers assigned responsibility to the students and their control of motor activity space. In regards to the students, significant differences were found between boys and girls in their opinions of how their teachers apply the same rules to all the students. Conclusions: No differences exist between male and female teachers in regards to their utilization neither of materials and sexist language or in their evaluation and feedback given to the students. In regards to the students, girls perceive to a greater extent than their male counterparts that the activities in PE classes promote equality in the improvement of their capacities.
Graviola (Annona muricata) Exerts Anti-Proliferative, Anti-Clonogenic and Pro-Apoptotic Effects in Human Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer UW-BCC1 and A431 Cells In Vitro: Involvement of Hedgehog Signaling
Authors: Chamcheu Jean Christopher , Rady Islam , Chamcheu Roxane-Cherille N. , Siddique Abu Bakar , Bloch Melissa B. , Banang Mbeumi Sergette , Babatunde Abiola S. , Uddin Mohammad B. , Noubissi Felicite K. , Jurutka Peter W. , Liu Yong-Yu , Spiegelman Vladimir S. , Whitfield G. Kerr , El Sayed Khalid A.
Published: June 2018

Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are the leading cause of skin cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Effective strategies are needed to control NMSC occurrence and progression. Non-toxic, plant-derived extracts have been shown to exert multiple anti-cancer effects. Graviola (Annona muricata), a tropical fruit-bearing plant, has been used in traditional medicine against multiple human diseases including cancer. The current study investigated the effects of graviola leaf and stem extract (GLSE) and its solvent-extracted fractions on two human NMSC cell lines, UW-BCC1 and A431. GLSE was found to: i) dose-dependently suppress UW-BCC1 and A431 cell growth, motility, wound closure, and clonogenicity; ii) induce G0/G1 cell cycle arrest by downregulating cyclin/cdk factors while upregulating cdk inhibitors, and (iv) induce apoptosis as evidenced by cleavage of caspases-3, -8 and PARP. Further, GLSE suppressed levels of activated hedgehog (Hh) pathway components Smo, Gli 1/2, and Shh while inducing SuFu. GLSE also decreased the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax while decreasing the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. We determined that these activities were concentrated in an acetogenin/alkaloid-rich dichloromethane subfraction of GLSE. Our data identify graviola extracts and their constituents as promising sources for new chemopreventive and therapeutic agent(s) to be further developed for the control of NMSCs
Aktivitas Antibakteri TiO2-Anatas Terdadah -Vanadium dan -Kromium
Authors: Sutrisno Hari , Ariswan Ariswan , Purwaningsih Dyah
Published: June 2018

Samples of vanadium- and -chromium doped TiO2-anatas have been conducted antibacterial activity against the bacteria Escherichia coli (E. Coli). The minimum kill concentration (MBC) against the bacteria of E. Coli is determined  by liquid dilution method. The antibacterial activity test of 0; 2.3; 3.3; 4.9% wt. vanadium doped TiO2-anatas and 0; 1.1; 3.9; 4.4% wt. chromium doped TiO2-anatas have been performed against bacteria of E. Coli in the absence of light (dark). The test results indicate that the presence of 3.3 and 4.9 in %wt. vanadium-TiO2-anatas are able to inhibit the growth of bacteria E. Coli, contrary all chromium doped TiO2-anatas are not able to inhibit the growth of bacteria of E. Coli.
MOLECULAR WEIGHT PROFILE OF PROTEASE OF PINEAPPLE (Ananas comosus L.Merr) AND PAPAYA (Carica papaya L.) USING SDS-PAGE METHOD
Authors: Rachmania Rizky Arcinthya , Wahyudi Priyo , Wardani Aniza Mutia , Insani Dini Rohmatul
Published: June 2018

A group of protease enzymes such as papain and bromelain is able to decipher the molecular structure of the protein into amino acids which will be very useful in many fields, especially in food and pharmaceutical industries. The objective of this study to determine the molecular weight profile of enzyme bromelain from pineapple bark (Ananas comosus L. Merr) and papain (Carica papaya L.) from papaya latex with different varieties using sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) method. The precipitation was performed with ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4)) 60 % addition and dialysized using a cellophane tubing with a pore size of 12,000 Dalton. The molecular weight of enzyme solution were determined using SDS-PAGE. The analysis results of molecular weight of enzyme bromelain of Subang and Bogor varieties were not different and were about 30.654 kDa, as well as the molecular weight of enzyme papain and Sukma California varieties were also not different and were about 23.485 kDa. It can be concluded that the different varieties of fruit of pineapple and papaya had no effect on the molecular weight of enzyme papain and bromelain.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF CASHEW APPLE DREG EXTRACT AND THEIR EFFECT IN TRADITIONAL PROCESSING OF COCONUT OIL
Authors: Anwar Yunita Arian Sani
Published: June 2018

The aim of this study was to determine antioxidant activity of cashew apple dreg extract and their antioxidant activity in traditional processing of coconut oil. Cashew apple dreg was extracted by ethanol and fractionation by DCM, n-hexane and water. The antioxidant activity from dreg extract was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-pycrylhydrazil (DPPH). The result showed that all ethanol fractions of cashew apple dreg contain flavonoid and tannins/polyphenols. Based on scavenging DPPH all of ethanol fractions showed antioxidant activity. The greatest DPPH inhibition was observed for ethanol extract. On the contrary, n-hexane fraction showed the lowest IC50. Application in traditional processing of coconut oil showed that the addition 2,5% ethanol extract provide the best product according to the lower content of peroxide value and TBA number.
IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CHALCONE DERIVATIVES FROM Kaempferia pandurata RHIZOMES AGAINST CLINICAL ISOLATE BACTERIA
Authors: Marliyana Soerya Dewi , Syah Yana Maolana , Mujahidin Didin -
Published: June 2018

In vitro antibacterial activity of chalcone derivatives from “temu kunci” (K. pandurta) rhizomes against clinical isolate bacteria has been done. Two chalcone derivatives, panduratin A (1) and 4-hydroxypanduratin A (2) were isolated from Kaempferia pandurata rhizomes. Isolation of the chemical components were done with extraction (maceration), vacuum liquid chromatography and radial chromatography methods. The structures were determined by NMR spectroscopy (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 1D and 2D), then compare with data from literatures. Antibacterial activity was carried out with reference to the CLSI microdilution method, against eight clinical isolate bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysentriae and Vibrio cholerae. Compounds 1 and 2 showed significant antibacterial activity with highest activity against S. aureus and B. subtilis with MIC values of 2.4 to 18.8 µg/mL and MBC values of 4.8 to 37.5 µg/mL. These results showed these compounds as potential antibacterial agent for clinical isolate bacteria.
SYNTHESIS OF CHITOSAN-FILM COMPOSITE TiO2 USING SORBITOL AS PLASTICIZER
Authors: Fajriati Imelda , Sedyadi Endaruji , Sudarlin Sudarlin
Published: June 2018

The synthesis of chitosan–TiO2 film composite using sorbitol as plasticizer has been conducted. This research aims to develop environmental friendly plastic material which is safe for health due to the use of biodegradable chitosan - TiO2 that can block UV rays and therefore, maintain the quality of product from damage caused by UV rays. The anatase phase TiO2 nanocrystal was synthesized in chitosan matrix at room temperature and aging process. The solution was then added and blended in sorbitol for 24 hours to obtain homogeneous solution. The composite film was formed by coating method on a plate substrate, followed by drying. The characterization of film composite by XRD, TEM and FTIR showed the forming of anatase phase TiO2 nanocrystal that dispersed in chitosan matrix and formed the hydrogen bond. Meanwhile, from the physical properties characterization it was observed that the use of sorbitol as plasticizer had improved the plasticity tensile strength and elongation of the composite film. However, the excess sorbitol reduced the elasticity, tensile strength and elongation of the plastic. The best quality of plasticity obtained from film composite added by 3 % of sorbitol.
EXPLORATION OF BROTH CHICKEN GUT AS GROWTH MEDIA OF Escherichia coli BL21 pET-Endo FOR ENDO-Β-1,4-D-XYLANASE PRODUCTION
Authors: Ratnadewi Anak Agung Istri , Alidion Moch. Yoris , Santoso Agung Budi , Oktavianawatia Ika
Published: June 2018

Endo-β-1,4-D-xylanase is a hydrolytic enzyme that breakdown the 1.4 chain of xylan polysaccharide. We have succes to transform the plasmid pET-Endo gene encoding endo-1,4-β-D-xylanase from Bacillus sp. originally from termites abdominal to E. coli BL21. The clone was ready for large scale of enzyme production. To reduce production cost, we look for subtitute media for the expensive Luria Berthani broth. Chicken guts broth is good alternative while rich of protein and very cheap. The content of N dissolved chicken guts broth reaches 87 % of LB broth. Growth of E. Coli BL21 in Chicken guts broth and LB broth (as control) was observed by Optical Density (OD) using spectrofotometer. Concentration of glucose added in broth and incubation temperature was varied. The result showed that optimal growth was in addition of 1.5 % glucose and incubated at  37 oC for 16 h. This optimal condition was used to grow E. coli BL21 pET-Endo for xylanase production. Enzyme purification was done by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Highest protein yield was 0.076 mg/mL obtained in 100 mM imidazole elucidation. The activity and specific activity of xylanase were estimated as 0.042 U/mL and 0.556 U/µg, respectively. The purification factor was 3.16 time and the molecular weight of enzyme was ± 30, 000 Dalton
Aplikasi Metode Grey Forecasting Pada Peramalan Kebutuhan Bahan Bakar Alternatif Ramah Lingkungan di PT. Indocement Tunggal Prakarsa Tbk
Authors: Nariswari Nanda Lokita , Rosyidi Cucuk Nur
Published: June 2018

Forecasting is one of the methods required by a company to plan the demand of raw materials in the future, in order to avoid the emergence of various problems such as stock out. However, not all forecasting methods can be used to forecast demand in the short term a specially a condition where the company only has a few historical data. Grey method is a forecasting method which can be used to predict the short-term demand. The purpose of this study is to determine how well the Grey method used to predict the demand of alternative energy and compared with other forecasting methods. Mean Squared Error (MSE) is used as a measure of the goodness of the method. The result of the study indicates that the Grey Forecasting Methods MSE value that is smaller than other time series forecasting methods.
Pemilihan Strategi Pemasaran dan Prediksi Pangsa Pasar Produk Pakaian Batik Menggunakan Rantai Markov (Studi Kasus: Toko Putra Bengawan Kampung Batik Laweyan Solo)
Authors: Rosyidi Cucuk Nur , Indah Fitriana , Budijanto Murman
Published: June 2018

Competition in the business world becomes more intense, both in manufacturing and services. It requires manufacturers to constantly innovate and have new breakthroughs in business. Likewise, the batik industry which is one part of the business world, it will experience a business environment which is full of competition and the competition is expected to continue to rise. The purpose of this study is to select the best marketing strategy derived from the marketing mix and retail using pair wise comparisons, then determines a strategy for optimal market share using Markov Chain. The results showed that the optimal strategy is discounted price. From the results of the analysis, the batik consumers in Kampung Batik Laweyan sensitive to price cuts strategy that results in the maximum market share.
Implementasi Toyota Business Practices (TBP) pada Permasalahan Proses Produksi Industri Karak Rumahan
Authors: Radite Petra , Priadythama Ilham , Fahma Fakhrina
Published: June 2018

Karak is one of food products favored by many indonesians. Demands for this traditional meals is still high especially in the rainy season, so this food is good to be developed. In some karak cottage industries especially in urban areas, their production process has advanced, but they are still unable to fulfill high demand. In this research, Toyota Business Practices (TBP) is used to identify the root cause problem and propose improvement actions for the problem. Based on TBP’s results, the problem occurs in the cutting station where there are 900 pieces of karak which are too small or large and sloping. The root cause problem identified are the lack of a standard size for karak and equipment used is still a regular knife. Accordingly, the proposed corrective action are the creation of standards karak size and design of cutting tools to increase productivity and neatness in the cutting station.
Analisis Penentuan Rute Terbaik Menggunakan Shortest Route Problem dengan Metode UNSY untuk Meminimalisir Biaya Transportasi
Authors: Hamada Aulia , Muryastuti Karina , Hartono Yudi , - Yuniaristanto
Published: June 2018

Printpro is printing industry. Printpro is located at Kauman, Surakarta. Printpro produces some products such as invitation cards, calenders, and hardcovers. It makes every costomers in Printpro are new costomers. The new customers’ address which is never known before makes the shipping process become a problem because the sender should find the shortest route to decrees the fuel cost. The purpose of this paper is to decide the shortest route to make the shipping process from Karanganyar to Sukoharjo easier. The decission in finding the shortest route used Shortest Route Problem approach with Unsy methode. The sortest way to get to Karanganyar was 16,6 km and to Sukoharjo was 16,2 km. With using this shortest route method for the shipping to Karanganyar dan Sukoharjo is done in September 2015 and known that the different cost of the transportation was Rp 13.560,00. It means that the transportation cost can be minimized by deciding some route.
Penerapan Material Requirement Planning (MRP) dengan Mempertimbangkan Lot Sizing dalam Pengendalian Bahan Baku pada PT. Phapros, Tbk.
Authors: Chandradevi Adelia , Puspitasari Nia Budi
Published: June 2018

PT. Phapros Tbk is one of the oldest and biggest pharmaceutical company in Indonesia. As raw material inventory plays a key role to compete in this type of industry, it is important for PT. Phapros, Tbk to keep it well maintained. However, the Production Planning and Inventory Control Division, whose responsibility is planning and controlling the raw material has not implemented the Material Requirement Planning (MRP) method that causes a problem regarding the overstock of captopril, the ingredient for producing captopril 25 mg tablet. There are too much raw materials ordered and ends up with higher expense. The author proposed a lotting method to develop an efficient raw material planning. Results shows that using Wagner Within Algorithm method can help the company minimizes the total expense spent by Rp 984.977.
Analisis Penggunaan Peramalan dalam Meminimalkan Biaya Simpan Produk Linzhi Plus pada CV. HN
Authors: Syakura Abdan , Hendaryani Oktiviandri , Ramadhan Rafiq
Published: June 2018

CV. HN is a manufacturer of herbal supplements which products are mostly made from mushroom. Lingzhi Plus is one of their products. The product inventory data from October 2014 until September 2015 showed that the monthly average production was 111 units, the monthly average sales was 103 units, and the remaining product inventory at the end of the year was 108 units. The products that approaching the expiration date will be sold with a discount of 20%. The high amount of remaining products leads to high  production and storage cost. Therefore, companies should resolve the inventory control problem. This study proposes a method for controlling inventory and production by selecting the best demand forecasting method. The forecasting method MA4 shows the smallest error value which is known from MAD value of 30.66. By using the proposed method of forecasting, the company will earn saving of Rp 915,939.40 of inventory cost
Perancangan Sistem Pengukuran Kerja dengan Metode Intergrated Performance Measurement System (IPMS) (Studi Kasus: CV. Ekasari)
Authors: Kurniyati Indah , Zeline Risya , Simanjuntak Sri Yohana , - Yuniaristanto
Published: June 2018

Global business competition greatly increased sharply in Indonesia, including in the food market. To succeed and grow in the competition, an organization should use measurement and management systems derived from the strategies and capabilities of the company. CV. Eka Sari is a company engaged in the field of catering, where business activity in CV. Eka Sari is more focused on providing the bread and cakes. The continued development of the catering business, demanding CV. Eka Sari to improve in every aspects of company performance, so that the company can remain competitive with other companies. Therefore, CV. Eka Sari is in need of performance measurement that aims to evaluate and plan its performance in order to achieve organizational goals. Performance measurement methods used by the company is Integrated Performance Measurement System (IPMS), which is a method that measures the performance of an integrated and based on the wishes of stakeholders. Objectives are determined to meet the wishes of stakeholders, so that will be determined key performance indicators. From the results of the identification, obtained 22 key performance indicators. To determine the performance criteria that need more attention then be weighted. Weighting is done using Hierachy Analytical Process (AHP). Weighting results generated from that aspect that must be considered are aspects of the process, then the performance criteria that must be considered, namely improving the efficiency and effectiveness of production, and Key Performance Indicators to be very aware of is the number of defective products.
Penerapan Metode Analytic Network Process (ANP) untuk Mengatasi Keterlambatan Pengadaan Barang pada Bagian Umum di PT Solo Grafika Utama
Authors: Nugroho Aris Wahyu , Widhianggitasari Rizqy , Priadi David Fu’ani , Laksono Pringgo Widyo
Published: June 2018

Procurement  activities of raw materials is one of the vital activity for the company. PT Solo Grafika Utama is one of the companies that rely heavily on this procurement activity for a smooth production. Until now PT Solo Grafika Utama has been working with several suppliers in the procurement of raw materials production. However, in practice, these activities often experience problems such late delivery by suppliers for various things. As a result of delays in the procurement materials  makes the production process is hampered or delayed, so the time that required for production process exceeded the production schedule planning that has been set before. This resulted in the delivery of products to consumers experienced delays and it makes them are not satisfied with the performance of the company. Therefore we need an analysis to determine the factors that cause  the delay. Once the cause is known, we need a follow-up analysis in order for the supplier selection decision making process of  PT Solo Grafika Utama using ANP method. Supplier selection decision-making process of the raw materials in PT. Solo Grafika Utama involves many criteria and sub-criteria assessment which is then compared and processed to obtain the supplier with the highest value and become preferred suppliers for the company.
Redesain Kemasan Makanan Ringan Olahan pada UMKM Center Jawa Tengah dengan Metode Kansei Engineering
Authors: Nugroho Susatyo , Pujotom W, Darminto , Ulkhaq M. Mujiya , Permadi Dedy Teguh
Published: June 2018

UMKM (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises) Center in Central Java Province has 69 types of potential culinary products in the form of snacks. An initial study showed that from 47 MSMEs, there are 45 products which are packaged simply. The research was conducted to create a new packaging design which is appropriate for consumers' needs using Kansei Engineering. The method translates consumers' psychological feelings into new packaging design parameters as well as statistics analysis to elicit design elements in accordance with Kansei Word. Affective and psychological aspects that affect consumers on product packaging are "adorable" and "simplicity". Each component has different Kansei word variables. Adorable component has informative, modern, colorful, interesting, and distinctive variables; whereas Kansei word with the largest weight is colored with the value of 0.961 and the smallest weight is modern with the value of 0.819. Simplicity component has simple, easy-to-carry, and easy-to-open; whereas Kansei word with the largest weight is easy-to-open with the value of 0.927 and the smallest weight is simple with the value of -0.414.