bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of chlorophyll‐a data based on triple‐stage attention recurrent neural network
Authors: Chang Wenqing , Li Xiang , Chaudhary Vikas , Dong Huomin , Zhao Zhigang , Nguyen Tri Gia
Published: December 2022

Marine Internet of Things (IOT) is the use of Internet technology to connect various sensing devices at sea, so as to integrate maritime information and realize the monitoring and systematic management of complex data at sea. The marine environment is complex and changeable, and marine disasters occur frequently, such as red tides. Due to the sudden and destructive nature of red tide, it plays a pivotal role to monitor the occurrence of the red tide for the marine IoT, where machine learning has been widely used to predict red tides. However, they were rarely able to catch the sudden change of chlorophyll‐a, which has important practical significance for predicting the occurrence of red tide. In order to deal with the above problems, this paper proposes the triple‐stage attention‐based recurrent neural network, which can enhance the representation ability of input sequences, selectively capture dynamic spatial correlations between input multi‐channel observations in the input sequence, meanwhile adaptively capturing dynamic temporal correlations between different time intervals in the input sequence. The results show that this method outperforms the state‐of‐art baseline methods here.
A fault prediction framework for Doubly‐fed induction generator under time‐varying operating conditions driven by digital twin
Authors: Ma Junyan , Yuan Yiping , Chen Pan
Published: December 2022

Accurate status prediction is critical for detecting potential failures of Doubly‐fed induction generator (DFIG). A unique Digital Twin (DT) fault prediction paradigm is put forth in this research, which uses an edge intelligence paradigm to ensure high‐performance fault prediction. Edge‐based DT provides compute and storage capabilities on edge devices to enable effective data processing. The stator current spectrum and instantaneous power spectrum of the DFIG are simulated and assessed, followed by the development of a verification prototype on the DFIG and the qualitative observation of the internal performance of the DFIG. The encoder is constructed using Squeeze‐and‐Excitation (SE) Convolutional Neural Network (SE‐CNN) with the channel attention mechanism, and the decoder is constructed based on a long short‐term memory (LSTM) network to form the self‐encoding model named SE‐CNN‐LSTM. In order to forecast problems and provide a foundation for predictive maintenance, the status indicator is built based on the prediction residuals of the status variables. Based on the outcomes of edge‐cloud co‐simulation and data collected from the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition system at the Da Bancheng Wind Farm in Xinjiang, China, it is demonstrated that the framework and technology are workable and capable of predicting generator failures.
Distributed optimal dispatching method of smart distribution network considering integrated energy microgrid with multiple gird‐connected points
Authors: Sun Bing , Jing Ruipeng , Zeng Yuan , Ge Leijiao , Liang Gang , Dong Shimeng
Published: December 2022

The interactive demand of electrical power between integrated energy microgrid (IEMG) and smart distribution network (SDN) is growing rapidly with the increase of distributed generation (DG) installed capacity. When SDN and IEMG are connected through a single gird‐connected point, the renewable power consumption may be limited by tie‐line capacity. A distributed optimal dispatching method of the SDN considering the IEMG with multiple gird‐connected points is proposed. The impact of various flexible resources is also considered. Firstly, a IEMG connection mode, in which each IEMG can be connected to multiple nodes of the SDN, is designed. A distributed optimal dispatching method is proposed, by which the IEMG operation privacy and the SDN responsibility to consume renewable power can be considered. Then, the electric power on tie‐lines is taken as the coupling variable to establish the IEMG and SDN coordinated dispatching model. The model can be solved by adjusting the power upper limits of tie‐lines circularly. Finally, the improved IEEE 33‐bus system is analysed based on the proposed method. It is found that when the IEMG is with large DG installed capacity, multiple gird‐connected points can improve the SDN operation flexibility and increase the operation benefits of all entities.
Communication‐free decentralized power flow control of unified power flow controllers and phase‐shifting transformers in high voltage transmission systems
Authors: Choudhury Soham , Saçiak Andreas , Hanson Jutta
Published: December 2022

Conventional phase‐shifting transformers (PST) have been utilized for power flow control in transmission networks for many years. Compared to the slow reacting PSTs, recently trending unified power flow controllers (UPFC) enable much faster power flow control. This paper introduces a decentralized power flow control scheme for power flow controllers (PFCs) without the need for communication between the PFCs. For each PFC, an influence area is defined. The line loading of the transmission lines in this influence area is monitored in real‐time operation and if there is an overloading of a line, a feedback control scheme is used to mitigate the overloading of the line. As the power flow control of UPFC is dependent of the network topology and the UPFC converter limit, additional control measures are introduced to circumvent potential critical scenarios. Supplementary control measures are also developed to increase the robustness of control scheme for the simultaneous operation of UPFC with slow reacting PST. Using RMS simulation in DIgSILENT PowerFactory, the developed control method is validated in the IEEE 68‐Bus NETS/NYPS test bench network. The method is also validated for UPFCs with overlapping influence areas and the combination of fast acting UPFCs and slow acting PST devices.
Investigating the vertical distribution of the disk as a function of radial action
Authors: Jia Yunpeng , Chen Yuqin , Du Cuihua , Zhao Gang
Published: December 2022

Aims. As heating processes can broaden the distributions of radial actions and the vertical distributions of the Galactic disks, we investigate the vertical distribution of the Galactic disks as a function of radial action based on Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) and Gaia data in order to deepen our understanding of the formation and heating history of the Galactic disks.

Methods. The vertical distributions of the thin and thick Galactic disks defined in the chemical plane were fitted with a simple exponential function with a free parameter of scale height in different radial action ranges. Therefore, we were able to analyze the scale height as a function of radial action for different disk populations.

Results. We find that the distributions of radial action for both the thin and thick disks can be approximately described by pseudo-isothermal distributions, which give a statistical measurement for the temperature of the disk as indicated by the mean radial action of the star sample. Estimations of the scale heights in different radial action ranges for these pseudo-isothermal distributions of the disks seem to show fixed relationships between radial action JR and scale height h. We describe these relationships with a two-parameter function of h = √(JR/a)+b, where a and b are free parameters. When testing with a three-parameter function of h = α√(JR/a)+b, we find that this two-parameter function describes the thin disk well, but we note the function should be used with care for the thick disk. When comparing the best-fit relationships between the inner and outer disk for both of the thin and thick disks, we find that the relationships are nearly the same for the thin disks but are different for the thick disks. The inner thick disk shows a nearly flattened relationship, while the outer thick disk presents a gradually increasing relationship. This work highlights an alternative way to unveil the heating history of the disks by investigating the relationship between scale height and radial action, as these relationships encode the formation and heating history of the Galactic disks.
Linking the dust and chemical evolution: Taurus and Perseus
Authors: Navarro-Almaida D. , Bop C. T. , Lique F. , Esplugues G. , Rodríguez-Baras M. , Kramer C. , Romero C. E. , Fuente A. , Caselli P. , Rivière-Marichalar P. , Kirk J. M. , Chacón-Tanarro A. , Roueff E. , Mroczkowski T. , Bhandarkar T. , Devlin M. , Dicker S. , Lowe I. , Mason B. , Sarazin C. L. , Sievers J.
Published: December 2022

Context. HCN, HNC, and their isotopologues are ubiquitous molecules that can serve as chemical thermometers and evolutionary tracers to characterize star-forming regions. Despite their importance in carrying information that is vital to studies of the chemistry and evolution of star-forming regions, the collision rates of some of these molecules have not been available for rigorous studies in the past.

Aims. Our goal is to perform an up-to-date gas and dust chemical characterization of two different star-forming regions, TMC 1-C and NGC 1333-C7, using new collisional rates of HCN, HNC, and their isotopologues. We investigated the possible effects of the environment and stellar feedback in their chemistry and their evolution.

Methods. We used updated collisional rates of HCN, HNC, and their isotopologues in our analysis of the chemistry of TMC 1-C (Taurus) and NGC 1333-C7 (Perseus). With millimeter observations, we derived their column densities, the C and N isotopic fractions, the isomeric ratios, and the deuterium fractionation. The continuum data at 3 mm and 850 µm allowed us to compute the emissivity spectral index and look for grain growth as an evolutionary tracer.

Results. The H13CN/HN13C ratio is anticorrelated with the deuterium fraction of HCN, thus it can readily serve as a proxy for the temperature. The spectral index (β ~ 1.34–2.09) shows a tentative anticorrelation with the H13CN/HN13C ratio, suggesting grain growth in the evolved, hotter, and less deuterated sources. Unlike TMC 1-C, the south-to-north gradient in dust temperature and spectral index observed in NGC 1333-C7 suggests feedback from the main NGC 1333 cloud.

Conclusions. With this up-to-date characterization of two star-forming regions, we found that the chemistry and the physical properties are tightly related. The dust temperature, deuterium fraction, and the spectral index are complementary evolutionary tracers. The large-scale environmental factors may dominate the chemistry and evolution in clustered star-forming regions.
Window function convolution with deep neural network models
Authors: Alkhanishvili D. , Porciani C. , Sefusatti E.
Published: December 2022

Traditional estimators of the galaxy power spectrum and bispectrum are sensitive to the survey geometry. They yield spectra that differ from the true underlying signal since they are convolved with the window function of the survey. For the current and future generations of experiments, this bias is statistically significant on large scales. It is thus imperative that the effect of the window function on the summary statistics of the galaxy distribution is accurately modelled. Moreover, this operation must be computationally efficient in order to allow sampling posterior probabilities while performing Bayesian estimation of the cosmological parameters. In order to satisfy these requirements, we built a deep neural network model that emulates the convolution with the window function, and we show that it provides fast and accurate predictions. We trained (tested) the network using a suite of 2000 (200) cosmological models within the cold dark matter scenario, and demonstrate that its performance is agnostic to the precise values of the cosmological parameters. In all cases, the deep neural network provides models for the power spectra and the bispectrum that are accurate to better than 0.1% on a timescale of 10 μs.
Summary of the Researches on the Influence of Investor Sentiment on Stock Returns Under the Background of Big Data
Authors: Yang Qianyi
Published: December 2022

In order to analyze the promoting effect of big data technology on research results, and to explore the impact of investor sentiment on stock returns, this paper combs and summarizes the research results of domestic and foreign scholars on the impact of investor sentiment on stock returns under the background of big data. This paper defines the concepts of big data, investor sentiment and stock returns, analyzes the measurement methods of investor sentiment, and deeply analyzes the overall effect and cross-sectional effect of investor sentiment on stock returns under the background of living alone. The results show that big data technology plays a strong role in promoting the research results, can comprehensively analyze various influencing factors, and investor sentiment has a great impact on stock returns.
Research on Digital Transformation of Financial Industry under the Influence of COVID-19 Epidemic
Authors: Liu Yitong
Published: December 2022

In the prevention and control of epidemic situation in COVID-19, a large number of Internet companies actively use big data to analyze and display epidemic situation, providing important support for orderly resumption of work and production while preventing and controlling epidemic situation. The epidemic situation has promoted the continuous emergence of various online services, ensured the basic needs of people’s life and study, brought vitality to the real economy, and at the same time gave birth to a number of new formats and models of digital economy. The growth of the digital economy itself is also greatly affected by the epidemic, and different formats are affected to varying degrees. During the epidemic, banking institutions made full use of the digital transformation achievements in recent years, innovated financial service methods through various online financial service platforms, and enriched online and offline collaborative products and service systems. This paper mainly discusses the problems and development strategies of digital transformation of financial industry under the influence of COVID-19 epidemic.
Application of GIS in the Analysis of Urban Economic Migration
Authors: Yuan Chenzhe
Published: December 2022

As an intuitive embodiment of the city’s comprehensive strength, urban competitiveness, combined with the theory of regional gravity center, makes a comparative analysis of the urban economic migration of urban competitiveness in different years, which helps to analyze the spatial and temporal development differences of regional cities, thus providing a new perspective for the analysis and research of urban competitiveness. In the market economy, land price plays an important role in optimizing the allocation and intensive use of urban land resources. Therefore, it is of great practical significance for the government to reasonably allocate urban land resources and standardize the order of land market to master the spatiotemporal change law of urban land price and study the driving mechanism of land price change. This paper analyzes the urban economic migration with the help of GIS technology and carries out research at the same time, analyzes the spatio-temporal change law of the form, analyzes the urban form measurement, expansion intensity and expansion speed, and explores the driving forces and constraints affecting the urban spatial form. From this, we can obtain the spatio-temporal trajectory of GIS in urban economic migration and evolution, and the analysis and research of this trajectory can understand the direction of regional economic development and the balance of development.
Research on the Influencing Factors of New Energy Vehicle Consumption under the Background of Digital Economy
Authors: Qi Peilin
Published: December 2022

Developing new energy vehicles is an effective way to get rid of oil dependence and realize energy security and sustainable development of transportation. As a strategic emerging industry, new energy vehicles have received strong support from the government in recent years and developed rapidly. Under the guidance of many government encouragement policies, many automobile enterprises have joined in the field of new energy vehicles. The strategic emerging industries leading the development of science and technology have great development potential, and the development of new energy vehicles can not be separated from the guidance of science and technology. Under the background of cyber Economic, user demand has become the primary goal of enterprise innovation. Weilai, a new energy vehicle enterprise established and developed with the trend, has gradually highlighted its business mode and competitive ecology, which has injected new vitality into promoting the ecologicalization of enterprise industrial model. At the same time, new energy, as a substitute for conventional fuels, can reduce environmental pollution and have extremely high ecological and social benefits. Based on this, this paper combines the current development status of new energy vehicles in China, and conducts an empirical study on some important factors that affect s’ attitudes towards new energy vehicles from the multiple perspectives of government, enterprises and s, using quantitative research methods.
A Comparative Study of Online and Offline Micro-loan Platform Modes
Authors: Xie Cibo
Published: December 2022

With the continuous development of Internet technology and the rapid progress of the financial industry, more and more financial products have chosen the online business mode. The loan business system and risk control management system currently used by many financial institutions and banks can no longer meet the technological progress and customer needs. Therefore, in order to promote the development of the loan business, each online banking financial institution decided to plan to build a credit loan business system to improve the efficiency, risk and controllability of the credit loan business. The speed, openness and transparency of online microfinance platforms have formed a clear contrast with the high requirements, low risks and slow speed of offline microfinance platforms. More and more scholars have studied and discussed this. However, based on China’s national conditions, they have been compared from different aspects. Therefore, this paper will make a comparative analysis from four aspects: the generation of the two microfinance platforms, the people served, the loan products, and the risk control.
Research on customer relational bonds, affective commitment and payment intention for online education platform of traditional culture Based on the moderation of cultural identity
Authors: Chen Yinjiao , Zhu Weiming
Published: December 2022

This study focuses on the online education platform of traditional culture, a new product of the Internet era. At present, the traditional culture online education platform is facing many difficulties and challenges. Its poor market performance and poor retention of the industry’s overall users are difficult to solve, which has aroused the common concern of the industry and academia. The existing research on online education platform is mainly based on Technology Acceptance Model and motivation theory to explore the influence of platform attribute and platform content on consumer perception. It explores the use behavior of online education users from the perspective of “technology use”, but ignores the “virtual community” attribute of online education platform. Therefore, based on social exchange theory, combined with the “virtual community” attribute of traditional culture online education platform, this paper uses the theoretical framework of relationship bond affective commitment payment willingness to explore the influencing factors of users’ payment intention for traditional culture online education platform. According to the characteristics of traditional culture online education platform user groups, this study also introduces cultural identity as a potential moderator, trying to improve the theoretical framework more systematically. All the above variables were measured by the maturity scale developed by previous scholars. The research model established in this paper can provide a new perspective for the traditional culture online education platform industry to promote users’ payment intention, and also provide a basic framework for future research in the field of traditional cultural online education. In order to verify the hypotheses, this study will use the judgment sampling method to collect 655 questionnaires from the existing individual user groups of relevant online platforms, and use SPSS and Amos statistical software for empirical analysis.
A comparative analysis for emerging e-commerce business owners: Shopify & Amazon
Authors: Lin Kai
Published: December 2022

The article examines the topic of Shopify and Amazon as COVID-19 and the emergence of new technologies ushers in a new era of online retail, B2B and B2C content. As a result, supply chain management has had to catch up. I believe that this is an important topic because our reliance on technology will continue to develop and COVID-19 has shown us that many solutions can be solved through technology. I want to address what this means, what the future holds in e-commerce, and what business owners should look out for when entering into the online space. For this essay, I interviewed four sources. The first is the co-founder of Commence, an online women’s apparel store with monthly profits of $3 million USD. Secondly, I interviewed the co-founder of Douhu, a shipping agent for both Amazon and Shopify with over 20 years of experience. I interviewed the Senior Regional B2B Director of Yuntu, which is one of the largest E-commerce cross-border logistic service providers in the world. Lastly, I spoke to Fiona Lin who has worked as a logistics specialist for companies under Shopify and Amazon.
Evaluation of rural tourism development conditions of typical villages in qilian county based on ahp-fce
Authors: Guan Yun , Tang Zhongxia
Published: December 2022

Through the evaluation of the rural tourism development conditions of typical villages in Qilian County, the rural tourism level of Qilian County is divided at the current stage, and it provides reference suggestions for the promotion of rural revitalization of rural tourism in Qilian County. Based on the two perspectives of tourism basic conditions and tourism participation, the index evaluation system is constructed, the hierarchical analysis method is used to calculate the weights of each indicator, and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to calculate the rural tourism development condition level of 17 typical villages in Qilian County. The tourism development conditions of typical villages in Qilian County are generally good, and they are divided into 3 types, 2 excellent-level villages, 13 better-level villages, and 2 general-level villages. Among them, the score of infrastructure conditions is 1.665 to 2.212 points, the gap is small, and the difference in tourism participation status score is 1.103 to 1.935 points, and the gap is significant. The overall tourism development conditions of Qilian County are better and the future development potential is large; the tourism development conditions of its typical tourist villages show a decreasing distance trend with Zhuoershan-Amidongsuo as the core; the rural tourism service system in the county is gradually improved but the endogenous development capacity is weak, and it is appropriate to establish a development route according to the spatial layout and the classification of each village.
Research and application of management accounting in project performance evaluation based on PCA model
Authors: Zhu Yan , Xu Meiyi
Published: December 2022

With the development of society and the continuous improvement of market economy, the economic environment of enterprises has changed greatly, the competition between enterprises is becoming more and more fierce, and the survival of enterprises has also been greatly challenged. In this context, the performance evaluation of enterprises has attracted the attention of the whole society, especially the scholars and experts in the business community, and the theory and method of enterprise performance analysis have also been further deepened and developed. With the help of the principal component analysis (PCA) model and management accounting tools, this paper aims to correctly evaluate the performance of enterprises, find the factors that affect the performance of enterprises, and then put forward some suggestions, hoping to provide reference for the performance evaluation of enterprises, improve the core competitiveness of enterprises, and help enterprises develop and grow better under the new situation.
The Impact of Land Property Right on China’s Rural-urban Migration
Authors: Hu Ningyang
Published: December 2022

Taking China as an example, this paper discusses and explains the influence of land ownership on rural-urban migration. The essay explains China’s land system and immigration. And through the empirical analysis, it shows that there is a significant negative correlation between land property rights and population mobility.
Research on Optimization of Management System of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Based on Key Performance Indicators
Authors: Sun Yubo
Published: December 2022

Performance management is an important part of enterprise human resource management, which helps enterprise managers to review the past period of enterprise operation and development, dynamically and continuously monitor the realization of the organization’s expected goals, and realize dynamic two-way communication, communication and evaluation among all levels and departments of the enterprise. Based on the KPI (Key Performance Indicators), this paper further optimizes the management system of small and medium-sized enterprises. In fact, performance appraisal is only an important part of performance management, and it is a local link and means in the management process. At present, the company’s performance management, by comparison, pays more attention to the results and ignores the management process. In an enterprise, the performance of employees is embodied in the quantity, quality, time, cost, etc. The establishment of KPI can provide an objective and fair judgment basis for the enterprise’s value evaluation and value distribution system, and can accurately measure whether and how much employees have contributed to the value creation of the enterprise.
Analysis of the Valuation of Tesla Inc
Authors: Zhu Ziyu
Published: December 2022

Tesla, as a world-famous electric vehicle brand, has been continuously innovating and leading the industry. In recent years, Tesla’s share price has also been at a high level. With SWOT and other tools to analyze Tesla’s internal and external and industrial environment, and the relative valuation method, this paper evaluates Tesla and conclude that Tesla’s share price is overvalued and will show a downward trend in the near future. However, from a medium to long term perspective, Tesla is still worth investing in, so it gives the investment that investors can buy at this low price.
Operative Korrektur der Beinachse bei X-chromosomaler
Hypophosphatämie
Authors: Mindler Gabriel T. , Ganger Rudolf , Stauffer Alexandra , Raimann Adalbert , Kocijan Roland , Radler Christof
Published: December 2022

Die X-chromosomale Hypophosphatämie (XLH, OMIM 307800) ist eine seltene
Knochenerkrankung, die durch Mutationen in PHEX (PHEX phosphate regulating
endopeptidase X-linked) verursacht wird. Rachitis, Osteomalazie, Kleinwuchs und
komplexe Beindeformitäten gehören zu den wichtigsten skelettalen
Veränderungen dieser Erkrankung. Die konservative Therapie mit
Phosphatsalzen oder FGF23-hemmenden Antikörpern kann Beschwerden
nachweislich verbessern. Dennoch zeigen rezente Studien eindrücklich das
Ausmaß der Krankheitstypischen Gangveränderungen,
Beindeformitäten und damit einhergehenden Verminderung der
Lebensqualität. Ein bedeutendes orthopädisches Behandlungsziel
an der unteren Extremität ist der Erhalt bzw. die Herstellung
physiologischer Beinachsenstellung. Dieser Artikel fasst die
orthopädische Therapie von Beindeformitäten bei Kindern und
Erwachsenen mit XLH in einem multidisziplinären Setting zusammen.
Bromine-Radical-Mediated Bromoallylation of C–C Unsaturated Bonds: A Facile Access to 1,4-, 1,5-, 1,6-, and 1,7-Dienes and Related Compounds
Authors: Ryu Ilhyong , Sumino Shuhei
Published: December 2022

The radical bromoallylation of alkynes, allenes, and vinylidene cyclopropanes proceeds efficiently in the presence of a radical initiator to give 2-bromo-substituted 1,4-, 1,5-, and 1,6-diene derivatives, respectively. Three-component reactions comprised of allenes, electron-deficient alkenes, and allyl bromides give 1,7-dienes in good yields. The bromoallylation of an arylalkene can override β-scission of the bromine radical from β-bromoalkyl radicals to give 5-bromoalkenes, whilst the bromoallylation of vinylcyclopropanes is accompanied by 5-exo ring closure to give 1-(bromomethyl)-2-vinylcyclopentane derivatives in good yields. All of the products contain a reactive vinyl bromide moiety, which can be readily functionalized by Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling and radical cascade reactions.

1 Introduction

2 Synthesis of 1,4-Dienes by Bromoallylation of Acetylenes

3 Synthesis of 1,5-Dienes by Bromoallylation of Allenes

4 Synthesis of 1,6-Dienes by Bromoallylation of Methylenecyclopropanes

5 Synthesis of 1,7-Dienes by Bromoallylation of Allenes and Electron-Deficient Alkenes

6 Bromoallylation of Arylalkenes and Vinylcyclopropanes

7 Conclusion
Microwave-Assisted Domino Povarov-Type [4+2] Cycloaddition: A Rapid Access to 7-Phenyl-6H-chromeno[4,3-b]quinolines
Authors: Kishore Dakoju Ravi , Mounika Kurella , Satyanarayana Gedu , Goel Komal , Naveen Jakkula
Published: December 2022

A convenient, facile, and eco-friendly approach to synthesizing 7-phenyl-6H-chromeno[4,3-b]quinolines under microwave irradiation is presented. The current strategy enabled the synthesis of chromenoquinoline frameworks at 80 °C under shorter reaction times via intermolecular Schiff base formation followed by an intramolecular inverse demand hetero-Diels–Alder [4+2]-cycloaddition reaction by using a catalytic amount of copper triflate as the sole catalyst. Consequently, one C–N and two C–C bonds are constructed in a single pot, and a wide spread of 7-phenyl-6H-chromeno[4,3-b]quinolines have been synthesized with good functional group tolerance.
Simplified Synthesis of an Air-Stable Copper-Complexed Josiphos Ligand via Ugi’s Amine: Complete Preparation and Analysis from Ferrocene
Authors: Johnson Jeffrey S. , Murphy Emma C.
Published: December 2022

Ligands containing ferrocene backbones often feature both planar chirality and asymmetric centers, making them attractive options for asymmetric catalysis. Ugi’s amine is a ubiquitous ferrocene-based chiral building block that can be functionalized to form a variety of tunable Josiphos ligands; however, few sources lay out the route from start to finish. Starting from ferrocene, we compile a synthetic route to an air- and moisture-stable copper(I)-Josiphos complex via enantiopure Ugi’s amine, providing a potential one-stop shop for the synthesis of a wide range of Josiphos ligands.
Endoscopic Ultrasound Biopsy Needle
Authors: Bush Nikhil , Rana Surinder Singh
Published: December 2022

In the past few years, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) has superseded EUS-fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) for EUS-guided tissue acquisition. EUS-FNA does not retain the stroma as well as the surrounding tissue architecture and therefore had limitations in achieving a definitive diagnosis. Development of EUS-FNB needles had improved the diagnostic ability of EUS by providing core tissue sample that not only preserves surrounding tissue architecture but also provides adequate material for molecular typing and gene profiling of sampled lesions. At present, there are three commercially available third-generation EUS-FNB needles with unique needle tip designs. In this review, we aim to elucidate the technical aspects of the available EUS-FNB needles.
Efficacy and Safety of Endoscopic Mucosal Resection with the Two-Person Method
Authors: Sasaki Akinori , Inada Yuji , Yamaguchi Eriko , Okamoto Risa , Motomura Yasuaki
Published: December 2022

Objectives Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is useful for removing colon polyps and is generally carried out by one doctor. It is occasionally difficult for colorectal polyps to be removed by EMR. In such cases, EMR is performed by the main doctor and an assistant doctor (the two-person method). However, the efficacy and safety of EMR in the two-person method remain unclear. This study aimed to compare the procedure time and incomplete resection rate (IRR) by the two- and single-person methods of EMR for polyp removal.

Materials and Methods Data from colorectal polyps resected by EMR were reviewed retrospectively and divided into two groups: general procedure/single- (n = 215) or two-person method (n = 56). The IRR, the procedure time, and the incidence of adverse events were compared between these methods.

Results A total of 152 patients and 271 lesions were included in this study. The mean procedure time for polypectomy was significantly shorter in the two-person method group than in the general procedure group (median time: 3.38 minutes vs. 6.56 minutes; p < 0.001). Additionally, the IRR for polyps was significantly lower in the two-person methods group than in the single-person methods group (2/56, 3.6% vs. 47/215, 21.9%; p = 0.001). None of the patients in the two-person method group presented with delayed bleeding.

Conclusions The two-person method for EMR was more effective than the single-person method. Therefore, this method may replace the conventional one-operator method in the future.
Endoscopic Cyanoacrylate Glue Injection for Duodenal Varices—A Single-Center Study
Authors: Shafiq Syed , Devarbhavi Harshad , Patil Mallikarjun
Published: December 2022

Aim/Objectives Duodenal varices (DVs), although rare, can present with massive, potentially fatal upper gastrointestinal bleeding; however, there are no randomized trials regarding management of this relatively uncommon presentation. We aim to report our experience with endoscopic cyanoacrylate glue injection in patients with DVs.

Materials and Methods We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of all patients with portal hypertension at our center between January 2010 and December 2021. Demographic characteristics along with the etiology, location, and effectiveness of cyanoacrylate glue injection for bleeding DVs were collected and analyzed.

Results A total of 5,892 patients with portal hypertension underwent endoscopy during the study period, of whom 41 patients (M:F = 29:12) with mean age of 38 years were noted to have DVs. While extrahepatic portal vein obstruction was the commonest etiology (n = 26), the most common site of DVs was the duodenal bulb (n = 21). Twenty-one (51%) out of these 41 patients presented primarily with DV bleeding and underwent endoscopic cyanoacrylate glue injection with successful hemostasis achieved of the index bleed; however, four of these 21 patients had rebleeding between 2 weeks and 12 months of follow-up requiring repeat endotherapy.. While three patients underwent successful repeat glue injections, one patient had recurrent massive bleedings, not amenable to endotherapy and was subjected to duodenal resection with surgical shunt procedure.

Conclusion While the prevalence of DVs in portal hypertension patients was 0.7% (41/5892), DVs accounted for 0.42% (21/4889) of portal hypertension-related bleedings. Endotherapy with cyanoacrylate glue appears to be a safe and cost-effective treatment for acute DV bleeding in a resource-limited setting.
Past, Present, and Future Perspectives of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 (PAI-1)
Authors: Morrow Gael B. , Mutch Nicola J.
Published: December 2022

Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), a SERPIN inhibitor, is primarily known for its regulation of fibrinolysis. However, it is now known that this inhibitor functions and contributes to many (patho)physiological processes including inflammation, wound healing, cell adhesion, and tumor progression.

This review discusses the past, present, and future roles of PAI-1, with a particular focus on the discovery of this inhibitor in the 1970s and subsequent characterization in health and disease. Throughout the past few decades diverse functions of this serpin have unraveled and it is now considered an important player in many disease processes. PAI-1 is expressed by numerous cell types, including megakaryocytes and platelets, adipocytes, endothelial cells, hepatocytes, and smooth muscle cells. In the circulation PAI-1 exists in two pools, within plasma itself and in platelet α-granules. Platelet PAI-1 is secreted following activation with retention of the inhibitor on the activated platelet membrane. Furthermore, these anucleate cells contain PAI-1 messenger ribonucleic acid to allow de novo synthesis.

Outside of the traditional role of PAI-1 in fibrinolysis, this serpin has also been identified to play important roles in metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, and most recently, acute respiratory distress syndrome, including coronavirus disease 2019 disease. This review highlights the complexity of PAI-1 and the requirement to ascertain a better understanding on how this complex serpin functions in (patho)physiological processes.
What drives health mindset and expectations in the United States?
Authors: Martin Laurie T. , Carman Katherine , Yeung Douglas
Published: December 2022

Health mindset is a group of beliefs or assumptions that individuals hold about the causes of health and well-being. Strengthening our understanding of factors that shape mindset and how mindset shapes expectations for who can and should be responsible for health can inform the success and sustainability of solutions to current health crises including the COVID-19 pandemic, ongoing disparities in health outcomes, and gun violence. We first examined associations between personal characteristics and experiences with health mindset. Next, we examined the association between mindset and the belief that government involvement can help address pressing health questions, using obesity as an example of a health outcome that is shaped both by personal choices and factors outside one’s control. Going forward, it will be important to consider health mindset in broader transformations of the health system and population approaches to improving health.
Information security risk management terminology and key concepts
Authors: Schmidt Michael
Published: December 2022

Language is the foundation for any communication and the vocabulary used has a decisive influence on the ability of the communication partners to clearly understand each other. In Information Security Risk Management (ISRM), the terminology used is often dictated by industry standards and frameworks. However, there is no universally accepted terminology, which makes collaboration difficult for professionals and researchers alike. This publication compares the terminology defined by frequently used frameworks, such as ISO and NIST, in the field of ISRM. It examines the terms and inherent concepts of each terminology, compares the notion of risk and derives a concept diagram based on the most important key concepts. The result facilitates a common understanding of ISRM across frameworks and organisational boundaries, thus enables further research, discussion, intra- and inter-firm communication.
Minimally superintegrable systems in flat three-dimensional space are also linearizable
Authors: Nucci M. C. , Campoamor-Stursberg R.
Published: December 2022

It is shown that all minimally superintegrable Hamiltonian systems in a three-dimensional flat space derived in the work of Evans [Phys. Rev. A 41, 5666–5676 (1990)] possess hidden symmetries leading to their linearization.
Long-time dynamics of ternary mixtures with localized dissipation
Authors: Freitas M. M. , Caljaro R. Q. , Ramos A. J. A. , Rodrigues H. C. M.
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we are considering a system modeling a mixture of three interacting continua with localized nonlinear damping acting in an arbitrary small region of the interval under consideration and external forces. The main goal is to construct a smooth global attractor with a finite fractal dimension using the recent quasi-stability theory. We also study the convergence of these attractors with respect to a parameter ϵ that multiplies the external forces. This study generalizes and improves the previous paper by Freitas et al. [Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. B 27, 3563 (2021)].
Majorana nanowires for topological quantum computation
Authors: Marra Pasquale
Published: December 2022

Majorana bound states are quasiparticle excitations localized at the boundaries of a topologically nontrivial superconductor. They are zero-energy, charge-neutral, particle–hole symmetric, and spatially-separated end modes which are topologically protected by the particle–hole symmetry of the superconducting state. Due to their topological nature, they are robust against local perturbations and, in an ideal environment, free from decoherence. Furthermore, unlike ordinary fermions and bosons, the adiabatic exchange of Majorana modes is noncommutative, i.e., the outcome of exchanging two or more Majorana modes depends on the order in which exchanges are performed. These properties make them ideal candidates for the realization of topological quantum computers. In this tutorial, I will present a pedagogical review of 1D topological superconductors and Majorana modes in quantum nanowires. I will give an overview of the Kitaev model and the more realistic Oreg–Lutchyn model, discuss the experimental signatures of Majorana modes, and highlight their relevance in the field of topological quantum computation. This tutorial may serve as a pedagogical and relatively self-contained introduction for graduate students and researchers new to the field, as well as an overview of the current state-of-the-art of the field and a reference guide to specialists.
Environmental considerations in ab initio calculations of electronic states of PtCl4−2 complexes
Authors: Treviño Amanda , Ermler Walter C.
Published: December 2022

Many quantum chemical methods used for large complexes are based on a limited treatment of electrons due to the computational demand dictated by the number of electrons that must be explicitly considered, especially when considering the chemical environment. Such treatments can fail to correlate accurately with electronic spectra. Ab initio electronic structure theory using the spin–orbit configuration interaction method is applied in a study of spectral transitions in PtCl42− including counter-ion environmental effects. In this method, electronic wave functions are eigenfunctions of the total angular momentum operator belonging to one of the symmetry types of the molecular double group. PtCl42− is investigated as a charged gas phase complex, a point-charge-neutralized complex, and a pseudopotential-neutralized complex. Results indicate that the use of a whole-atom relativistic effective core potential for the potassium cation provides a more accurate representation of the environment than a point charge and accurately represents electronic states without increasing the complexity of the calculation and, therefore, its computational demand.
Understanding dynamics in coarse-grained models. I. Universal excess entropy scaling relationship
Authors: Jin Jaehyeok , Schweizer Kenneth S. , Voth Gregory A.
Published: December 2022

Coarse-grained (CG) models facilitate an efficient exploration of complex systems by reducing the unnecessary degrees of freedom of the fine-grained (FG) system while recapitulating major structural correlations. Unlike structural properties, assessing dynamic properties in CG modeling is often unfeasible due to the accelerated dynamics of the CG models, which allows for more efficient structural sampling. Therefore, the ultimate goal of the present series of articles is to establish a better correspondence between the FG and CG dynamics. To assess and compare dynamical properties in the FG and the corresponding CG models, we utilize the excess entropy scaling relationship. For Paper I of this series, we provide evidence that the FG and the corresponding CG counterpart follow the same universal scaling relationship. By carefully reviewing and examining the literature, we develop a new theory to calculate excess entropies for the FG and CG systems while accounting for entropy representability. We demonstrate that the excess entropy scaling idea can be readily applied to liquid water and methanol systems at both the FG and CG resolutions. For both liquids, we reveal that the scaling exponents remain unchanged from the coarse-graining process, indicating that the scaling behavior is universal for the same underlying molecular systems. Combining this finding with the concept of mapping entropy in CG models, we show that the missing entropy plays an important role in accelerating the CG dynamics.
Synchronization of a higher-order network of Rulkov maps
Authors: Mirzaei Simin , Mehrabbeik Mahtab , Rajagopal Karthikeyan , Jafari Sajad , Chen Guanrong
Published: December 2022

In neuronal network analysis on, for example, synchronization, it has been observed that the influence of interactions between pairwise nodes is essential. This paper further reveals that there exist higher-order interactions among multi-node simplicial complexes. Using a neuronal network of Rulkov maps, the impact of such higher-order interactions on network synchronization is simulated and analyzed. The results show that multi-node interactions can considerably enhance the Rulkov network synchronization, better than pairwise interactions, for involving more and more neurons in the network.
Hot carrier photochemistry on metal nanoparticles
Authors: Newmeyer Emma-Rose , North Jamie D. , Swearer Dayne F.
Published: December 2022

The last decade has seen a growing number of reports utilizing illuminated metal nanoparticles to drive chemical reactions of industrial and societal importance. Putting light to use in chemical reactions is an important alternative to petroleum, given its ubiquity as a sustainable energetic medium. Light also unlocks electronic contributions to chemical reactions through the generation and action of hot carriers on molecular adsorbates that are unavailable in traditional thermochemical transformations. In this Perspective, we will provide a pedagogical overview of important techniques and results from decades of surface science research that have built the foundation of modern studies on hot carrier photochemistry. Advances in nanoscience and heterogeneous catalysis have since introduced new materials, particularly metal nanoparticles that sustain collective electronic oscillations under illumination (plasmon resonances), to be exploited as potent photocatalysts. Plasmonic photocatalysts have strong optical absorption and, through Landau damping, can be engineered to maximize hot carrier generation within a given volume and applied to reactions of interest. Plasmonic hot carriers can induce excited electronic, vibrational, and rotational states in adsorbates that promote unexpected surface reactivities in the presence of light. We will address open questions regarding energy transfer, catalyst design, and possible implementation beyond laboratory scales. Throughout this Perspective, reactions critical to sustainability will be addressed given the urgent need to decarbonize the energy and chemical industries.