bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of Energy-efficient and Energy-efficient Slag Discharge Device for Large-bore Drilling Rigs
Authors: Liu Ruijun , Wang Bingjian , Fu Yanlong , Huang Guanglong , Xu Chunguang
Published: July 2023

Micro pile hole is a kind of bored pile with a diameter of 100~400mm, which has been widely used in the field of transmission line engineering in recent years, and its hole formation usually uses DTH (Down-the-Hole) drilling rig. When DTH drilling rigs operate, the slag discharge method is to use the compressed air provided by the air compressor to blow the muck directly from the bottom of the hole to the ground. However, during the slag discharge process, it is difficult to blow out the muck due to the large cross-sectional area of the annular space between the hole wall and the drill pipe, especially after a certain drilling depth, and it is even more difficult to discharge if wet soil is encountered. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a machine for auxiliary slag discharge to improve the efficiency of slag discharge and reduce working energy consumption. In this paper, a barrel slag discharge device connected to the end of the drill pipe and following the drill bit to the bottom of the hole is designed, which can collect and store the rock slag that is difficult to discharge directly outside the hole, achieve a good slag discharge effect, and can reduce the energy consumption of the air compressor and reduce the drilling cost. Through the Fujian UHVDC transmission line project, the reliability and practicability of the barrel slag discharge device are verified.
Research on the Application of Industrial Robot Surface Grinding and Polishing Technology in Lithium Battery Cooling Shell
Authors: Fei Qiang , Jin Biao , Zhang Tong , Zhang Heli
Published: July 2023

In modern intelligent manufacturing, when using industrial robots to complete precision machining of lithium battery heat dissipation housing materials such as assembly, grinding, polishing, and deburring, it is not only necessary to track the position of the robot’s end effector, but also to consider the contact force generated when the actuator contacts the working environment. This project takes the research on position and force control in robot automatic polishing process as the starting point. Due to the uncertainty and high degree of nonlinearity in the control process, machine vision is introduced into the process of robotic precision machining systems, combining visual inspection systems and feedback control systems to achieve grinding trajectory planning, verify the feasibility of the control scheme, and develop a robotic lithium battery housing material processing experimental platform to meet the requirements for precision machining of the free surface of the lithium battery heat dissipation workpiece, The surface roughness parameters of the lithium battery heat dissipation workpiece after precision machining by the robot should meet the requirements of the arithmetic mean deviation of the contour.
Influence of Different Weld Heat Input on Microstructure and Properties of New Martensitic Heat-resistant Steel Joints by Automatic Welding
Authors: Wang Yiwei , Dong Wangyu , Shang Jianlu , Yang Jia , Sun Bin
Published: July 2023

In this article, the influence of different automatic weld heat input about the microstructure and properties of the joint of new martensitic heat resistant steel of P92 is studied. Based on this, the key factors to obtain excellent quality of P92 joint are proposed. The results show that the weld is tempered martensite microstructure, the grain of Heat-affected zone (HAZ) is finer with the weld heat input lower. The width of the slats and the crystalline size of the coarse-grained zone (CGHAZ) in the weld metal microstructure is gradually larger with the heat input higher. Meanwhile, as the welding heat input increase, the hardness of weld bead in the welded joint of P92 steel has a gradual downward trend, the impact toughness has a significant decrease, and the impact fracture morphology changes from ductile fracture to brittle fracture. Therefore, when the automatic welding technology is used to repair P92, so as to obtain better performance of welded joints, appropriate gas protection flow and welding parameters should be ensured according to welding thickness, and heat input should be strictly controlled.
Study on Flow Resistance Characteristics of Cold Plate in Pump-driven Two-phase Cooling System
Authors: Tang Wenhui , Chen Hao , Xu Pengfei , Dai Shugang , Shen Xiaoqing
Published: July 2023

This paper summaries and analyzes the study on the two-phase flow pattern in cold plate in pump-driven two-phase cooling system. Based on the experimental system, the inlet and outlet flow resistance of the cold plate under different conditions is tested and analyzed. Through the experiment to get the cold plate in different heat flux, different inlet flow rate state of inlet and outlet pressure value, the relationship between the flow resistance and the flow rate, the flow resistance and heat flux of cold plate are analyzed and summarized. The experiment results show that the outlet pressure of cold plate is basically unchanged under different heat flux of cold plate, while the inlet pressure of the cold plate rises with the increase of the inlet flow rate of the phase change medium. The inlet pressure will accelerate after exceeding a certain critical flow, and the different heat flux has no effect on the flow resistance of the cold plate.
Study on Wear Behavior of Coatings Fabricated by Additive Manufacturing Technology on the Surface of Guide Shoe of Shearer
Authors: Yang Xiaojun , Zhang Yongshi , Chen Xuan , Wang Yiming , Zhao Liyuan , Wang Xiaonan , Zhang Guoqun
Published: July 2023

This paper aims to obtain a fine wear-resistance cladding that can be applied in guide shoe of shearer. The performance of two cladding claddings fabricated by additive manufacturing technology, no chromium-high carbon (NCrHiC) claddings and high chrome-high carbon (HiCrHiC) claddings, was analyzed through a series of characterization experiments (optical microscope, hardness, coefficient of friction, wear rate, and surface morphology). The experimental results show that the NCrHiC cladding has obvious cracks and cracks are not observed on the surface of HiCrHiC cladding. However, the hardness and wear resistance of NCrHiC cladding is better than that of HiCrHiC cladding. The microstructure of NCrHiC cladding is composed of carbides, pearlite and ledeburite, and the one of HiCrHiC cladding is M(Fe, Cr)7C3 carbides and martensite. The worn width of HiCrHiC cladding is higher than that of NCrHiC cladding. Wear mechanism of NCrHiC cladding is abrasive wear while the one of HiCrHiC cladding is adhere wear.
Study on SiC UV/EUV Coaxial Photodetector
Authors: Liu Geng , Yao Liang , Liu Ying , Hong Rongdun , Zhang Ruijun , Zhang Feng
Published: July 2023

In this paper, a novel 4H-SiC coaxial p-i-n ultraviolet photodetector with intense photon absorption and high quantum efficiency is studied. The spectral response and electric field distribution of the detector are calculated by TCAD software. The results showed that the innovative 4H-SiC ultraviolet coaxial p-i-n photodetector has a spectral response peak of 0.1998 A/W at 260 nm illumination wavelength and has more than twice response higher than the traditional 4H-SiC p-i-n photodetector, when the illumination wavelength is under 270 nm. The quantum efficiency of the coaxial photodetector reaches 95.3%. Moreover, in the wavelength range of EUV, the 4H-SiC ultraviolet coaxial photodetector shows a relatively high response, while the response is barely observed for the traditional 4H-SiC p-i-n photodetector. For the large area coaxial p-i-n photodetector, the problem of laterally undepleted i layer can be solved by multiple P+-type implanation. The new structure significantly enhances the rate of incident light absorption, prevents the light absorption of the conventional metal electrode and P+ layer, and provides an innovative approach for the construction of ultraviolet photodetectors in the future.
Analysis of Chaos in Three-Level Full-Bridge Converter
Authors: Fan Youpeng , Xu Minmin , Jie Yibing , Wang Jinliang , Rong Xiao , Lv Nina
Published: July 2023

As an important part in the active magnetic bearing, its performance has great impact on the active magnetic bearing system. Most of the active magnetic bearing systems use current-mode switching power amplifiers. The full-bridge converter is the main topological structure of switching power amplifier for magnetic bearings. It mainly supplies current to the coil so it can offer enough fore to the rotor. It has abundant nonlinear phenomena as the power conversion device of it lies in the nonlinear region. This paper chooses the proportionally controlled three-level switching power amplifier for magnetic bearings under the mode of pulse width modulation (PWM) as the study object, building a discrete mapping model of full-bridge circuit by stroboscopic sampling and conducting analyses on the bifurcation stability and chaotic characteristics based on this model built. It has established the adjustment range of proportional control coefficient and carrier cycle using numerical calculation, with the correctness of the theoretical analysis being verified by simulation and experimental results. Chaotic phenomena can be eliminated by reducing proportional coefficient of current controller and bus voltage, and increasing the carrier frequency, which enhances the stability of the three-level full-bridge converter.
Temperature Simulation and Analysis of Power Lithium-ion Battery Module Based on Two-dimensional CFD Thermal Model
Authors: Lin Ruizhe , Jin Biao , Zhou Wentao , Cao Jingquan , Fei Qiang
Published: July 2023

The power lithium battery generates a lot of heat during working, whose heat dissipation performance will directly affect its working performance and safety. In order to study the heat dissipation characteristics of lithium batteries, In this paper, a battery module structure based on phase change material(PCM) was designed, and a two-dimensional battery heat generation model and a heat transfer model based on PCMs were established. Then, the geometric model, grid division and grid size correlation verification were carried out using ANSYS simulation software. Under comprehensive consideration of computational efficiency and accuracy, 0.5mm was selected as the grid division size. Finally, for the charging and discharge cycle, the temperature field of the battery module based on composite phase change material(CPCM) composed of pure graphite material and expanded graphite, and paraffin is simulated respectively. At the same time, the influence of ambient temperature on the heat dissipation performance of battery module with PCM was studied. when the ambient temperature is set to be 17°C, 27 °C and 37 °C respectively, the maximum temperature of the battery module base on PCM is 199°C, 211°C and 223°C respectively, and the maximum temperature difference is 162°C, 164°C and 165 °C respectively. The results show that the heat dissipation performance of the battery module with CPCM is better than that of PCM under cycle conditions. What’s more, the higher the ambient temperature is, the higher the temperature of the battery module is. The research results in this paper can provide a certain reference for the thermal management design of the battery.
Structural, electrochemical sensor and photocatalytic activity of combustion synthesized of novel ZnO doped CuO NPs
Authors: Rudresha K , Hussain A Zahir , Ravikumar C R , Alam Mir Waqas , Amulya M A Shilpa , Kumar A Naveen , Duke Defaru Negera , Murthy H C Ananda
Published: July 2023

CuO nanoparticles doped with various concentrations of ZnO (5, 10, and 15 mol%) were synthesized by using the solution combustion method. The as-synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by x-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and UV–Vis spectroscope. The XRD analysis revealed that the physical parameters such as crystallite size and lattice parameters of CuO nanoparticles were affected after the doping of ZnO. The UV–Vis spectrum analysis showed an enhanced absorption spectrum and narrowed down the bandgap of CuO from 2.6 eV to 2.16 eV with ZnO doping and resulted in an increasing optical activity. The photocatalytic activities of the as-synthesized sample were investigated by the photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes such as direct green (DG) and fast blue (FB) under UV light irradiation. The highest photocatalytic efficiency is obtained with ZnO (10 mol%) doped CuO at 95.15% and 76.4% for DG and FB dyes. The electrochemical properties of CuO and Zn-CuO nanoparticles were performed using cyclic voltammetry and the results confirmed the enhancement of the redox potential output. These CuO@ZnO electrodes also displayed an enhanced capacity to detect an extremely dangerous chemical like arsenic.
Atmospheric pressure pulsed modulated arc discharge plasma
Authors: LI 李 Ji 寄 , TANG 唐 Jingfeng 井峰 , ZHANG 张 Haoran 浩然 , WANG 王 Lu 璐 , JI 纪 Tianyuan 添源 , YU 于 Daren 达仁 , ZHU 朱 Ximing 悉铭
Published: July 2023

Direct-current (DC) arc plasma has great application values in the field of the chemical industry, but it has the problem of low energy efficiency. Facing the requirement for improving the energy efficiency of the arc, this paper proposes a unique method of pulsed modulated arc (PMA). This method uses high-frequency pulses and reduces the arc current to improve the control of electron temperature. The electrical characteristics, optical characteristics and products are tested. The test results show that during the PMA process, all of the experimental results which include voltage, current and light will significantly increase. These results are analyzed from the perspective of functionality, repeatability and energy conversion. The analysis results show that although the PMA method does not show good parameter consistency, it has potential application prospects because it increases the energy conversion rate by 4.5% and 8% from the perspective of light and products, respectively.
Bildungsroman
Authors: Rüggemeier Anne
Published: July 2023

The Bildungsroman, or novel of formation, is one of the most widely used and most adaptable genres in literary history. Characteristically, the plot unfolds through the narrative of a young person’s development and formation that ideally results in “maturity”—a rather contested concept, which is traditionally understood as the harmonious integration of personal aspirations and the demands of the social. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre (Wilhelm Meister’s Apprenticeship, 1795) has traditionally been discussed as the urtext of the Bildungsroman. The genre has been interpreted as a form of self-expression of the intellectually emancipated but economically powerless German bourgeoisie. The tension between inner aspirations and outer limitations remains a key topic of the Bildungsroman throughout the centuries. The history of the Bildungsroman is closely interrelated with the emergence of the novel and with the idea of Bildung as it was discussed and refined in post-Kantian thought, German Idealism, and also the movement of German Pietism.

Despite critical attempts to deny the existence of the genre, the Bildungsroman continues to enjoy tremendous popularity and has been adapted, developed, parodied, and rewritten in various European and non-European literatures. Throughout the centuries, as the genre takes on ever new forms, the idea or ideal of Bildung is constantly renegotiated. The generic demarcations between Bildungsroman and the so-called Anti-Bildungsroman continuously blur as the latter marks the shortcomings of the former, demonstrating how modern understandings of self-formation and social success are unavoidably marked by contradictions.
The Concept, Treatment, and Future of Language in Contemporary Business and Management
Authors: Mughan Terry
Published: July 2023

In the literature of business and management, language, unlike the contiguous concepts of culture and communication, did not have a recognized place until the early part of the 21st century. Isolated publications about language might have appeared occasionally in journals in subdisciplines such as marketing, communication, and international business (IB), but there was no real visible research community or concentration of output in the field. Special issues appearing in International Studies of Management and Organization, 2005 and the Journal of World Business, 2011 were significant steps in demonstrating the emergence of active researchers at this time. In 2014, the Journal of International Business Studies (JIBS), the top-ranked IB journal and the only such journal used by the Financial Times for its global journal rankings, published its first special issue on the subject. This landmark issue attracted 78 submissions, of which 14 were published in JIBS over two issues, and this represented a breakthrough in terms of both quality and quantity that captured the attention of all in the IB field. Many explanations have been proffered for the delay in breaching this barrier, from tacit resistance on the part of monolingual executives and institutions to methodological bias in favor of numerical data to the daunting definitional complexity of the term “language” itself and its relation to nation-level phenomena.
Delineating the World of eSport Motivation Measures
Authors: Billings Andrew C. , Brown Kenon A. , Jackson Joshua R.
Published: July 2023

Understanding of esport from a communicative perspective is offered, covering the history, expansion, and operationalization of esport, while highlighting five main areas to bolster the understanding of communication-based esport scholarship. First, theories that are often used for explaining the phenomenon of esport are explored. This section gives particular deference to uses and gratifications approaches as the most-often adopted theoretical lens for investigations in the area, while also listing parasocial interaction as a common secondary focus. Other theories include the theory of reasoned action, self-determination theory, entertainment theory, and media dependency. Second, motivations for esport consumption are advanced, showing that as many as 30 (and likely more) could at least conceivably be part of the equation for the appeals of esport consumption. Third, the sociocultural elements of esport participation are extrapolated upon, particularly with an eye to disparities in participation based on biological sex, race or ethnicity, nationality, and elements of the digital divide. Fourth, formal measurements of the motives for esport media consumption are offered, highlighting areas of overlap and deviation in equal measure. Finally, the Motivation Scale for esport Spectatorship Consumption. Along with consumption measures, 13 factors are advanced, each with a trio of Likert-based statement for measurement. More specifically, these factors include (alphabetically): (a) aggressive behaviors, (b) communication, (c) escapism, (d) family gathering, (e) friend gathering, (f) information load, (g) information supremacy, (h) knowledge acquisition, (i) personal education, (j) skillful performance, (k) support, (l) vicarious achievement, and (m) wholesome environment. Collectively, these five areas summarize the current state of esport scholarship in the communication discipline while signaling various trajectories for further understanding.
Literary Representations of Slavery
Authors: Kennon Raquel
Published: July 2023

Literary representations of modern racialized slavery in the Americas date back to the era of slavery itself. Formerly enslaved persons, most often with sponsorship from white abolitionists, wrote and published first-person narratives detailing the horrors of life in bondage and their strenuous path to freedom, though the journeys were far from linear. Within the historical antebellum slave narratives, those written in English, and specifically those produced in the United States, have come to represent the genre, though there are examples in multiple languages and geographies across the African diaspora. These first-person testimonies are always a function of memory, modified through editing, and frequently written to garner support for the antislavery audience. As such, the slave narratives operate with established literary conventions that persist across the genre. Although the editing and narrative silences call into question their authentic voice, the writing, publishing, and circulation of the historical slave narratives, which center, to varying degrees, the subjectivities of their Black writers/narrators, marks a foundational moment in African American literary history, and literature of the African diaspora writ large.

If the slave narratives of the antebellum and the early postbellum period trouble the distinctions between history and literature, then the neo-slave narratives or contemporary narratives of slavery obliterate generic divisions. Diasporic authors writing fiction, poetry, drama, essays, and more gather from the “scraps” and fragments of slavery’s archive and perform visionary acts of imagination to create a vast and varied landscape of literary representations of slavery in the mid- to late-20th century and into the 21st century. These authors and artists have reconfigured and reimagined the first-person slave narratives and shaped them into stunning cultural products that foreground Black subjectivity, African identity in the diaspora, and the possibilities for freedom.
International Trade and Labor Markets
Authors: Wright Greg
Published: July 2023

China's entry into the World Trade Organization in 2001 rapidly integrated tens of millions of low-skilled workers into the global labor market, establishing a new center for low-wage goods manufacturing and offering a distinct opportunity to test models of international trade. Recent literature has found that the impact of this “China shock” has been uneven across regions within countries. Theoretically, region-specific labor market outcomes emerge only when there are internal barriers to factor mobility within a country, suggesting these barriers were underestimated prior to the extensive empirical research sparked by the China shock. Since workers with limited formal education and those outside the 25-39 age range are considerably less mobile than others, these workers have experienced more negative outcomes due to exposure to import competition in recent decades. Most notably, these workers have suffered the bulk of workforce displacement and attendant social ills resulting from China's rise as a global economic power.
Language and Borders
Authors: Sharma Devika
Published: July 2023

Languages and borders commit violence on an otherwise polysemous and hybrid world. By emphasizing fixity over liminality, a high cost is extracted for the order imposed on unsettled landscapes. Different voices are silenced and complexities become flattened, but more harmfully, reality gets foreclosed within the limiting confines of a hegemonic discourse that endorses a very specific worldview. Not only is this worldview the progenitor of a specific representation of borders and languages, but borders and languages become the sites from which this worldview is reinforced. To escape this tautology, borders and languages can also be viewed as sites for imagining an alternative radical geopolitics and linguistics. By de-colonizing and de-centering the conventional understanding of borders and languages, one can direct the focus toward the otherwise understudied liminal and in-between spaces and incorporate a more tentative and polysemous lexicon that is better equipped to comprehend these liminal spaces. To this end, it is important to consider language and borders not only as interconnected conceptual categories that impinge on understanding the world as it is but also as sites from which alternatives can be reimagined.
Sentence Fragment Ellipsis in Chinese
Authors: Li Audrey Yen-hui , Wei Ting-chi
Published: July 2023

Understanding what sentence fragments requires a detailed investigation of their properties. Relevant studies have classified fragments into four types according to the use of the copular verb shi ‘be’ with fragments: the occurrence of the sentence-final particle ne, syntactic categories allowed, island effects, P-stranding, and connectivity effects. It is shown that the distinction of fragments into different types is not necessary. The wider range of data considered fails to convincingly support the need for distinction, and a unified analysis of all fragments should be pursued. Three logical possibilities for a unified approach to sentence fragments are evaluated: (a) fragment as a result of deleting all but the fragment of a sentence (movement + deletion approach), (b) fragment base-generated as [pro + copular verb + fragment], and (c) fragment base-generated as a fragment. The first two options face challenges. The last option, even though seemingly a more adequate analysis for the range of facts, requires connectivity effects to be analyzed in semantic terms.
Acoustic Theories of Speech Perception
Authors: Redford Melissa , Baese-Berk Melissa
Published: July 2023

Acoustic theories assume that speech perception begins with an acoustic signal transformed by auditory processing. In classical acoustic theory, this assumption entails perceptual primitives that are akin to those identified in the spectral analyses of speech. The research objective is to link these primitives with phonological units of traditional descriptive linguistics via sound categories and then to understand how these units/categories are bound together in time to recognize words. Achieving this objective is challenging because the signal is replete with variation, making the mapping of signal to sound category nontrivial. Research that grapples with the mapping problem has led to many basic findings about speech perception, including the importance of cue redundancy to category identification and of differential cue weighting to category formation. Research that grapples with the related problem of binding categories into words for speech processing motivates current neuropsychological work on speech perception. The central focus on the mapping problem in classical theory has also led to an alternative type of acoustic theory, namely, exemplar-based theory. According to this type of acoustic theory, variability is critical for processing talker-specific information during speech processing. The problems associated with mapping acoustic cues to sound categories is not addressed because exemplar-based theories assume that perceptual traces of whole words are perceptual primitives. Smaller units of speech sound representation, as well as the phonology as a whole, are emergent from the word-based representations. Yet, like classical acoustic theories, exemplar-based theories assume that production is mediated by a phonology that has no inherent motor information. The presumed disconnect between acoustic and motor information during perceptual processing distinguishes acoustic theories as a class from other theories of speech perception.
Neppur si muove! Reply to Correia and Rosenkranz
Authors: Loss Roberto
Published: July 2023

Correia and Rosenkranz have recently argued in Analysis (2020, 2022) that tense realism (understood as the view that there is a real difference between past, present and future) entails realism about temporal passage (and thus the idea that there is some change in which time is the present time). I argue that their argument is either unsound or question-begging.
The impact of biologic therapy for moderate-to-severe psoriasis on the immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination
Authors: Favaro Rebecca , Formai Alessandra , Pavia Giulia , Gargiulo Luigi , Avagliano Jessica , Valenti Mario , Facheris Paola , Salsano Beatrice , Latorre Roberta V , Bellinato Francesco , Gisondi Paolo , Narcisi Alessandra , Costanzo Antonio
Published: July 2023

Biologic therapy for moderate-to-severe psoriasis with anti-IL-23 and anti-IL-17 does not reduce the humoral and T-cell-mediated immune responses after COVID infection or vaccination; on the contrary, anti-IL-23 treatment was associated with a higher level of specific IgG following vaccination. In contrast, conventional therapies and TNF-α blockade reduce the production of specific antibodies.
Validity, reliability, responsiveness and interpretability of the Recap of atopic eczema (RECAP) questionnaire
Authors: Zhang Junfen , Ragamin Aviël , Romeijn Geertruida L E , Loman Laura , Oosterhaven Jart A F , Schuttelaar Marie L A
Published: July 2023

Background

Limited research has been conducted on the measurement properties of the Recap of atopic eczema (RECAP) questionnaire, particularly in relation to interpretability.

Objectives

To investigate the validity, reliability, responsiveness and interpretability of the Dutch RECAP in adults with atopic dermatitis (AD).

Methods

We conducted a prospective study in a Dutch tertiary hospital, recruiting adults with AD between June 2021 and December 2022. Patients completed the RECAP questionnaire, reference instruments and anchor questions at the following three timepoints: baseline, after 1–3 days and after 4–12 weeks. Hypotheses testing was used to investigate single-score validity and change-score validity (responsiveness). To assess reliability, both standard error of measurement (SEMagreement) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICCagreement) were reported. To assess the interpretability of single scores, bands for eczema control were proposed. To investigate the interpretability of change scores, both smallest detectable change (SDC) and minimally important change (MIC) scores were determined. To estimate the MIC scores, four different anchor-based methods were employed: the mean change method, 95% limit cut-off point, receiver operating characteristic curve and predictive modelling.

Results

In total, 200 participants were included (57.5% male sex, mean age 38.5 years). Of the a priori hypotheses, 82% (single-score validity) and 59% (responsiveness) were confirmed. Known-group analyses showed differences in the RECAP scores between patient groups based on disease severity and impairment of the quality of life. The SEMagreement was 1.17 points and the ICCagreement was 0.988. The final banding was as follows: 0–1 (completely controlled); 2–5 (mostly controlled); 6–11 (moderately controlled); 12–19 (a little controlled); 20–28 (not at all controlled). Moreover, a single cut-off point of ≥ 6 was determined to identify patients whose AD is not under control. The SDC was 3.2 points, and the MIC value from the predictive modelling was 3.9 points. Neither floor nor ceiling effects were observed.

Conclusions

The RECAP has good single-score validity, moderate responsiveness and excellent reliability. This study fills a gap in the interpretability of the RECAP. Our results indicate a threshold of ≥ 6 points to identify patients whose AD is ‘not under control’, while an improvement of ≥ 4 points represents a clinically important change. Given its endorsement by the Harmonising Outcome Measures for Eczema initiatives, the results of this study support the integration of RECAP into both routine clinical practice and research settings.
Temporal and spatial factors influencing Systena frontalis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) behavior in Virginia nurseries
Authors: Lane Eleanor L , Del Pozo-Valdivia Alejandro I
Published: July 2023

Ornamental plant production in eastern Virginia nurseries have been greatly impacted by Systena frontalis (F.), also known as the red-headed flea beetle. With the advent of S. frontalis as a prevalent pest in the past 2 decades, baseline phenology and behavior are currently understudied within Virginia nurseries. This pest is costly to control due to insecticide expenses and loss of saleable plants. In 2021 and 2022, populations of this insect were monitored at 2 commercial nurseries in eastern Virginia in order to better understand their temporal and spatial population dynamics. Patterns that emerged indicated S. frontalis could have up to 3 generations in eastern Virginia, with peaks of adult abundance in June, late July, and late August to early September. Phenylethyl alcohol was tested as an adult attractant lure, but it was found to be ineffective under nursery conditions. Diel monitoring demonstrated these adults were most active from 1100 to 1500 h. Severity of defoliation at the leaf level increased linearly with increased density of adults, where 5 individuals defoliated up to 4% of any Hydrangea paniculata cv. ‘Limelight’ leaf in 1 wk under greenhouse conditions. Timing of scouting and insecticide sprays according to the adult activity peaks of the day and across the season may allow reduction in overall insecticide usage.
A pear S1-bZIP transcription factor PpbZIP44 modulates carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid, and flavonoid accumulation in fruits
Authors: Wang Hong , Xu Kexin , Li Xiaogang , Blanco-Ulate Bárbara , Yang Qingsong , Yao Gaifang , Wei Yiduo , Wu Jun , Sheng Baolong , Chang Youhong , Jiang Cai-Zhong , Lin Jing
Published: July 2023

Fruit quality is defined by attributes that give value to a commodity. Flavor, texture, nutrition, and shelf life are key quality traits that ensure market value and consumer acceptance. In pear fruit, soluble sugars, organic acids, amino acids, and total flavonoids contribute to flavor and overall quality. Transcription factors (TFs) regulate the accumulation of these metabolites during development or in response to the environment. Here, we report a novel TF, PpbZIP44, as a positive regulator of primary and secondary metabolism in pear fruit. Analysis of the transient overexpression or RNAi-transformed pear fruits and stable transgenic tomato fruits under the control of the fruit-specific E8 promoter demonstrated that PpZIP44 substantially affected the contents of soluble sugar, organic acids, amino acids, and flavonoids. In E8::PpbZIP44 tomato fruit, genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid, and flavonoids biosynthesis were significantly induced. Furthermore, in PpbZIP44 overexpression or antisense pear fruits, the expression of genes in the related pathways was significantly impacted. PpbZIP44 directly interacted with the promoter of PpSDH9 and PpProDH1 to induce their expression, thereby depleting sorbitol and proline, decreasing citrate and malate, and enhancing fructose contents. PpbZIP44 also directly bound to the PpADT and PpF3H promoters, which led to the carbon flux toward phenylalanine metabolites and enhanced phenylalanine and flavonoid contents. These findings demonstrate that PpbZIP44 mediates multimetabolism reprogramming by regulating the gene expression related to fruit quality compounds.
Transitional justice and online social platforms: Facebook and the Rohingya genocide
Authors: Nourooz Pour Hesam
Published: July 2023

This article examines the complex role of social media platforms in transitional justice processes, with a particular focus on the challenges and impediments these platforms can present. Using the Rohingya genocide as a case study, we scrutinize the destructive impact that social media, especially Facebook, can have when misused for inciting hate speech and violence. Furthermore, the article delves into the governance mechanisms of social media platforms, shedding light on the failures that contributed to the genocide. In this exploration, we identify both internal and external governance mechanisms that faltered in their duty to protect human rights. The article also scrutinizes legal mechanisms available for bringing justice to genocide victims at both international and domestic levels. Ultimately, this article contributes to ongoing discussions about digital platform accountability, the intersection of human rights and online content moderation and the importance of rigorous platform governance in the context of transitional justice.
Rulemaking Speed in the US States
Authors: Boushey Graeme T , McGrath Robert J
Published: July 2023

This paper explores the speed of rulemaking in American state governments. Drawing on a unique data set of over 250,000 individual rules issued by states from 1993 through 2009, we introduce new measures of the speed and breadth of rulemaking in American state bureaucracies, providing a new way of evaluating the incidence of rulemaking delay within and across governments. We focus specifically on how professionalism and oversight powers of state legislative and executive branches affect rulemaking speed and find that states with more professionalized legislatures and governments with extensive legislative/executive oversight powers experience greater delays in rule adoption. These findings provide important new insights into the politics of regulatory delay and suggest disparate ways in which sub-national governments approach regulatory policymaking in a federal system.
Reduced risk of mortality among COVID-19 patients with in-hospital selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor administration
Authors: Hasse Adam , Korwek Kimberly M , Poland Russell E
Published: July 2023

Objectives

The anti-inflammatory properties of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)s, particularly fluvoxamine, have been hypothesized to reduce clinical deterioration in patients with COVID-19 when administered early in the disease course. The objective of this analysis was to examine the effect of maintenance SSRI administration, including variation among different medications, on the outcomes of hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of disease progression and mortality risk of over 230,000 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 at facilities associated with a large healthcare system in the United States.

Key findings

Receipt of SSRIs during the hospital encounter occurred in approximately 10.6% (n = 24,690) of COVID-19 patients. When matched for patient characteristics, disease severity and other treatments, receipt of any SSRI was associated with a 30% reduction in the relative risk of mortality (RR: 0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.67–0.73; adjusted P-value <0.001). Similar reductions in the relative risk of mortality were seen with nearly every individual SSRI; for sertraline-treated patients, the most commonly used SSRI in the data set, there was a 29% reduction in the relative risk of mortality (RR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.66–0.77; adjusted P-value <0.001).

Conclusions

In total, this retrospective analysis suggests that there is a significant association between SSRI antidepressants and reduced morality among patients hospitalized with COVID-19.
Spectroscopic follow-up of black hole and neutron star candidates in ellipsoidal variables from Gaia DR3
Authors: Nagarajan Pranav , El-Badry Kareem , Rodriguez Antonio C , van Roestel Jan , Roulston Benjamin
Published: July 2023

We present multi-epoch spectroscopic follow-up of a sample of ellipsoidal variables selected from Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3) as candidates for hosting quiescent black holes (BHs) and neutron stars (NSs). Our targets were identified as BH/NS candidates because their optical light curves – when interpreted with models that attribute variability to tidal distortion of a star by a companion that contributes negligible light – suggest that the companions are compact objects. From the likely BH/NS candidates identified in recent work accompanying Gaia DR3, we select 14 of the most promising targets for follow-up. We obtained spectra for each object at 2–10 epochs, strategically observing near conjunction to best constrain the radial velocity semi-amplitude. From the measured semi-amplitudes of the radial velocity curves, we derive minimum companion masses of $M_{2,\, \rm min} \le 0.5 \, {\rm M}_{\odot }$ in all cases. Assuming random inclinations, the typical inferred companion mass is $M_2 \sim 0.15\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$. This makes it unlikely that any of these systems contain a BH or NS, and we consider alternative explanations for the observed variability. We can best reproduce the observed light curves and radial velocities with models for unequal-mass contact binaries with star-spots. Some of the objects in our sample may also be detached main-sequence binaries, or even single stars with pulsations or star-spot variability masquerading as ellipsoidal variation. We provide recommendations for future spectroscopic efforts to further characterize this sample and more generally to search for compact object companions in close binaries.
High-Altitude Andean H194R HIF2A Allele Is a Hypomorphic Allele
Authors: Jorgensen Kelsey , Song Daisheng , Weinstein Julien , Garcia Obed A , Pearson Laurel N , Inclán María , Rivera-Chira Maria , León-Velarde Fabiola , Kiyamu Melisa , Brutsaert Tom D , Bigham Abigail W , Lee Frank S
Published: July 2023

For over 10,000 years, Andeans have resided at high altitude where the partial pressure of oxygen challenges human survival. Recent studies have provided evidence for positive selection acting in Andeans on the HIF2A (also known as EPAS1) locus, which encodes for a central transcription factor of the hypoxia-inducible factor pathway. However, the precise mechanism by which this allele might lead to altitude-adaptive phenotypes, if any, is unknown. By analyzing whole genome sequencing data from 46 high-coverage Peruvian Andean genomes, we confirm evidence for positive selection acting on HIF2A and a unique pattern of variation surrounding the Andean-specific single nucleotide variant (SNV), rs570553380, which encodes for an H194R amino acid substitution in HIF-2α. Genotyping the Andean-associated SNV rs570553380 in a group of 299 Peruvian Andeans from Cerro de Pasco, Peru (4,338 m), reveals a positive association with increased fraction of exhaled nitric oxide, a marker of nitric oxide biosynthesis. In vitro assays show that the H194R mutation impairs binding of HIF-2α to its heterodimeric partner, aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator. A knockin mouse model bearing the H194R mutation in the Hif2a gene displays decreased levels of hypoxia-induced pulmonary Endothelin-1 transcripts and protection against hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. We conclude the Andean H194R HIF2A allele is a hypomorphic (partial loss of function) allele.
Phase-transforming mechanical metamaterials with dynamically controllable shape-locking performance
Authors: Zhong Yiding , Tang Wei , Xu Huxiu , Qin Kecheng , Yan Dong , Fan Xujun , Qu Yang , Li Zhaoyang , Jiao Zhongdong , Yang Huayong , Zou Jun
Published: July 2023

Active mechanical metamaterials with customizable structures and deformations, active reversible deformation, dynamically controllable shape-locking performance and stretchability are highly suitable for applications in soft robotics and flexible electronics, yet it is challenging to integrate them due to their mutual conflicts. Here, we introduce a class of phase-transforming mechanical metamaterials (PMMs) that integrate the above properties. Periodically arranging basic actuating units according to the designed pattern configuration and positional relationship, PMMs can customize complex and diverse structures and deformations. Liquid–vapor phase transformation provides active reversible large deformation while a silicone matrix offers stretchability. The contained carbonyl iron powder endows PMMs with dynamically controllable shape-locking performance, thereby achieving magnetically assisted shape locking and energy storing in different working modes. We build a theoretical model and finite element simulation to guide the design process of PMMs, so as to develop a variety of PMMs with different functions suitable for different applications, such as a programmed PMM, reconfigurable antenna, soft lens, soft mechanical memory, biomimetic hand, biomimetic flytrap and self-contained soft gripper. PMMs are applicable to achieve various 2D deformations and 2D-to-3D deformations, and integrate multiple properties, including customizable structures and deformations, active reversible deformation, rapid reversible shape locking, adjustable energy storing and stretchability, which could open a new application avenue in soft robotics and flexible electronics.
Queer and Trans Qualitative Music Therapy Research
Authors: Forinash Michele , Thomas Natasha
Published: July 2023

This chapter addresses topics related to queer and trans qualitative research in music therapy. We share our own research lineages along with a beginning definition of queer and trans research. This is followed by a discussion of why queer and trans research is needed and our location as researchers. A connection to post-qualitative research is explored. Traditional concepts such as ontology, epistemology, and methodology are discussed from a queer and trans perspective. Specifically, ontology is examined and how it differs between people. Epistemology askes what counts as knowledge, and methodology asks if we have to summarize what we understand. Action includes understanding ourselves in a social context, and the social constructs that define power and how research can create transformation for queer and trans people.
Nearly Underground in the Near-Abroad
Authors: Svede Mark Allen , Vērdiņš Kārlis
Published: July 2023

This chapter examines alternative culture in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania during the period of their annexation by the Soviet Union from 1945 onward, focusing primarily on visual art with correlations in the literary realm. Because artists and writers in the Baltic republics first encountered Socialist Realism as a fully articulated aesthetic policy and ultimately submitted to its requirements for a shorter duration, their methods of accommodation and resistance differed from those elsewhere in the USSR. The republics’ special cultural status and peripheral location created a different subcultural, oppositional dynamic, which has caused some scholars and even participants to question whether a true underground existed. Attention is also devoted to the asynchronic development of the three respective alternative cultures, as well as formal characteristics that distinguished them from each other as well as from non-Baltic Soviet republics.
Young Conceptualists
Authors: Glanc Tomáš
Published: July 2023

Тhis chapter discusses the second generation of Moscow Conceptualists, which includes such groups as the Mukhomors (Fly-Agaric), Gnezdo (Nest), Chempiony mira (World Champions), Inspektsia “Meditsinskaia Germenevtika” (Inspection “Medical Hermenutics”), Srednerusskaq vozvyshennost’ (Central Russian Upland), the writer Vladimir Sorokin, as well as the Aptart movement. Not confronting the aesthetics of the older generation of Conceptualists (Kabakov, Bulatov, Komar and Melamid, Monastyrskii, Prigov, Rubinshtein), Young Conceptualists, on the one hand, radicalized their practices and languages, and on the other hand, ironically reworked them. Young Conceptualists, in several cases, make use of a playful but substantive polemic with the Conceptualist legacy, challenging, from within Conceptualist discourse, the way it has become enclosed around its own values and aesthetic principles. The chapter highlights the new role of performances and conversations as conceptualist genres, the developing of archives as an artistic practice (MANI folders, NOMA), and the creation of Conceptualist journals.
Utopian Socialism in Britain
Authors: Falchi Federica
Published: July 2023

In the first half of the nineteenth century, early socialism, which Marx and Engels called utopian socialism, spread in the United Kingdom. The main feature of utopian socialism was the ambition to inspire a new science of humanity and a society that would promote and solidify the principles of community and equality, including between men and women, through a series of reforms designed to affect economic, legal, and political institutions. Although Robert Owen is considered the founder of utopian socialism in the United Kingdom, this chapter explores the contribution made by women to the development of utopian socialism. Particular attention is given to Anna Doyle Wheeler and Frances Wright. Even though they started from an adherence to Owen’s principles, they enriched the meaning of utopian socialism and made it more impactful than Owen’s version, especially concerning the issues of slaves and women.