bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling the effect of temperature on survival rate of Listeria monocytogenes in yogurt
Authors: Szczawiński J. , Szczawińska M.E. , Łobacz A. , Jackowska-Tracz A.
Published: August 2016

The aim of the study was to (i) evaluate the behavior of Listeria monocytogenes in a commercially produced yogurt, (ii) determine the survival/inactivation rates of L. monocytogenes during cold storage of yogurt and (iii) to generate primary and secondary mathematical models to predict the behavior of these bacteria during storage at different temperatures.

The samples of yogurt were inoculated with the mixture of three L. monocytogenes strains and stored at 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15°C for 16 days. The number of listeriae was determined after 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 14 and 16 days of storage. From each sample a series of decimal dilutions were prepared and plated onto ALOA agar (agar for Listeria according to Ottaviani and Agosti).

It was found that applied temperature and storage time significantly influenced the survival rate of listeriae (p<0.01). The number of L. monocytogenes in all the samples decreased linearly with storage time. The slowest decrease in the number of the bacteria was found in the samples stored at 6°C (D-10 value = 243.9 h), whereas the highest reduction in the number of the bacteria was observed in the samples stored at 15°C (D-10 value = 87.0 h). The number of L. monocytogenes was correlated with the pH value of the samples (p<0.01). The natural logarithm of the mean survival/inactivation rates of L. monocytogenes calculated from the primary model was fitted to two secondary models, namely linear and polynomial. Mathematical equations obtained from both secondary models can be applied as a tool for the prediction of the survival/inactivation rate of L. monocytogenes in yogurt stored under temperature range from 3 to 15°C, however, the polynomial model gave a better fit to the experimental data.
Acute phase response in the primiparous dairy cows after repeated percutaneous liver biopsy during the transition period
Authors: Jawor P. , Brzozowska A. , Słoniewski K. , Kowalski Z.M. , Stefaniak T.
Published: August 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute phase response of dairy cows to repeated liver biopsy in order to estimate the safety of this procedure during the transition period. Liver biopsies (up to 1000 mg of liver tissue) were conducted twice a day, 7 days before expected parturition and 3 days after calving. The number of needle insertions for each biopsy was recorded and was dependent on the amount of obtained tissue. Blood samples were taken on day 7 before expected parturition, then on days 3, 4, 7 and 14 after calving. Body temperature was measured daily in all 30 cows from day 3 until day 14 after calving. The concentrations of haptoglobin, serum amyloid A, fibrinogen and interleukin-6 were determined in serum and plasma. In 16.7% of cows, the rectal body temperature rose by ≥ 0.5°C on the day after liver biopsy. Although the concentrations of haptoglobin, serum amyloid A and fibrinogen increased significantly after calving (p<0.01), there was no influence of the number of biopsies on the acute phase reaction and repeated biopsy during the transition period had no effect on body temperature. Therefore, the procedure may be regarded as safe for cows during the transition period.
Escherichia coli strains from ostriches and their sensitivity to antimicrobial substances
Authors: Ščerbová J. , Lauková A.
Published: August 2016

Ostriches are bred especially for their high-quality meat. There is a lack of knowledge concerning the ostrich’s microflora.Escherichia coliis a commensal microorganism of the poultry intestine, ostriches included. However, some strains may become pathogenic. This study was therefore undertaken to detect coliform bacteria in ostrich faeces and to test their antibiotic profile and sensitivity to enterocins. Faeces (n=54, 18 mixture samples from 3 different age groups of 140 ostriches) were sampled to isolate coliform bacteria. The counts of coliform bacteria varied from 5.69 ± 2.4 log10 CFU/g to 5.73 ± 2.4 CFU/g. Pure colonies were identified using MALDI-TOF MS mass spectrometry and confirmed by phenotypization. Seventy-one strains were allotted to the speciesE. coli. Sixty-four of those 71 strains caused hemolysis. They were mostly polyresistant to antibiotics. Thirty-two poly-resistant strains ofE. coliwere sensitive to enterocins. These strains were most sensitive to Ent 9296 (26 strains). Moreover, Ent EM41 produced byE. faeciumEM41 (isolated from ostrich faeces) inhibited the growth of 20 strains, reaching activity of 100 AU/ml. Our results indicate the possibility of enterocins being used for prevention/reduction of coliforms. Of course,in vivostudies are also being processed.
Secretory function of adipose tissue
Authors: Kuryszko J. , Sławuta P. , Sapikowski G.
Published: August 2016

There are two kinds of adipose tissue in mammals: white adipose tissue – WAT and brown adipose tissue – BAT. The main function of WAT is accumulation of triacylglycerols whereas the function of BAT is heat generation. At present, WAT is also considered to be an endocrine gland that produces bioactive adipokines, which take part in glucose and lipid metabolism. Considering its endocrine function, the adipose tissue is not a homogeneous gland but a group of a few glands which act differently. Studies on the secretory function of WAT began in 1994 after discovery of leptin known as the satiation hormone, which regulates body energy homeostasis and maintainence of body mass. Apart from leptin, the following belong to adipokines: adiponectin, resistin, apelin, visfatin and cytokines: TNF and IL 6. Adiponectin is a polypeptide hormone of antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic activity. It plays a key role in carbohydrate and fat metabolism. Resistin exerts a counter effect compared to adiponectin and its physiological role is to maintain fasting glycaemia. Visfatin stimulates insulin secretion and increases insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake by muscle cells and adipocytes. Apelin probably increases the insulin sensitivity of tissues. TNF evokes insulin resistance by blocking insulin receptors and inhibits insulin secretion. Approximately 30% of circulating IL 6 comes from adipose tissue. It causes insulin resistance by decreasing the expression of insulin receptors, decreases adipogenesis and adiponectin and visfatin secretion, and stimulates hepatic gluconeogenesis. In 2004, Bays introduced the notion of adiposopathy, defined as dysfunction of the adipose tissue, whose main feature is insulin and leptin resistance as well as the production of inflammatory cytokines: TNF and IL 6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein. This means that excess of adipose tissue, especially visceral adipose tissue, leads to the development of a chronic subclinical inflammatory condition, which favours the development of insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes. Obesity is a systemic illness caused by energy transformation homeostasis disorder which results in an increase in the amount of body fat mass. It effects approximately 40% of dogs and 20% of cats. Illnesses which accompany obesity result, to a great extent, from the secretive role of adipose tissue, which is still little known, which should be included when planning treatment of an obese animal.
Hormonally active agents in the environment: a state-of-the-art review
Authors: Anwer Faizan , Chaurasia Savita , Khan Abid Ali
Published: August 2016

After the Second World War, infatuation with modern products has exponentially widened the spectrum of chemicals used. Some of them are capable of hijacking the endocrine system by blocking or imitating a hormone and are referred to as hormonally active chemicals or endocrine disruptors. These are chemicals that the body was not designed for evolutionarily and they are present in every matrix of the environment. We are living in a chemical world where the exposures are ubiquitous and take place in combinations that can interact with the endocrine system and some other metabolic activities in unexpected ways. The complexity of interaction of these compounds can be understood by the fact that they interfere with gene expression at extremely low levels, consequently harming an individual life form, its offspring or population. As the endocrine system plays a critical role in many biological or physiological functions, by interfering body’s endocrine system, endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) have various adverse effects on human health, starting from birth defects to developmental disorders, deadly deseases like cancer and even immunological disorders. Most of these compounds have not been tested yet for safety and their effects cannot be assessed by the available techniques. The establishment of proper exposure measurement techniques and integrating correlation is yet to be achieved to completely understand the impacts at various levels of the endocrine axis.
Impact of geography and culture on spatial relations
Authors: Naïm Samia , Pilot-Raichoor Christiane
Published: August 2016

Communicating about spatial relations is a day-to-day task throughout our life. We accomplish it so spontaneously and easily that it was thought for long that our own way of transmitting spatial information was universal. However, when anthropologists and linguists started to carry on detailed studies on ‘exotic’ cultures, they found that the verbal expression of even basic spatial relations may differ significantly from language to language. This article contributes to this line of research and focuses on the local factors, notably cultural and geographic, which interfere with the linguistic expression and the precise transmission of spatial information in a few Arabic and Dravidian languages.
Typological analysis of Ilami Kurdish verbs of motion
Authors: Karimipour Amir , Rezai Vali
Published: August 2016

This paper attempts to assess motion events in Ilami Kurdish through Talmy’s binary typology (1985. Lexicalization patterns: Semantic structure in lexical forms. In Timothy Shopen (ed.),Language typology and lexical descriptions: Vol. 3. Grammatical categories and the lexicon, 36–149. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2000a.Toward a cognitive semantics. Vol. 1: Concept structuring system. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 2000b.Toward a cognitive semantics. Vol. 2: Typology and process in concept structuring. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press) according to which, languages could be classified as “Satellite-framed” or “Verb-framed”. Following Berman and Slobin’s approach (1994.Relating events in narrative: A crosslinguistic developmental study. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum) in using “The Frog Story”, which paved the way for evaluating numerous languages in terms of their motion verbs, we used this elicitation tool for gathering Kurdish data. Results reveal that Ilami tends towards Satellite-framed languages as the concept of Path is often expressed by the use of satellites. As far as analysis of Path in Kurdish is taken into account, this concept has been analyzed with the help of different criteria proposed by Ibarretxe-Antuñano (2008. Path salience in motion events. In Jiansheng Gu, Elena Lieven, Nancy Budwig, Susan Ervin Tripp, Keiko Nakamura & Şeyda Özçalışkan (eds.),Crosslinguistic approaches to the psychology of language: Research in the tradition of Dan Isaac Slobin, 403–414. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum) and typologically compared with other languages too. It seems that in addition to the oral nature of Ilami and its contact with Persian language, “the syntactic sensitivity of satellites” as a new motivation, also affects the amount of details accompanying the Path concept in this dialect.
Language contact in the German-Danish border area in the twenty-first century
Authors: Fredsted Elin
Published: August 2016

This paper presents a qualitative linguistic analysis of data from bi- and multilingual persons who grew up in the German-Danish border region. The present paper will present language practices on social network sites and compare them to informal oral data from the same groups of bi- and multilingual friends. The core part of this article presents a subset of the written and oral data, i. e. a case study of two micro-groups of on- and off-line friends whose linguistic practices index a specific stand towards the macro community (two autochthone national minority groups) to which the speakers/writers belong.
Antioxidant properties of Rosa pisiformis and its protective effect against isoproterenol-induced oxidative stress in rats / Rosa pisiformis’in antioksidant özellikleri ve izoproterenol ile ratlarda oluşturulan okdidatif strese karşı koruyucu etkisi
Authors: Bayramoğlu Mahire , Ekin Suat , Kızıltaş Hatice , Oto Gökhan , Susen Ebru Altındal , Özgökçe Fevzi
Published: August 2016

Objective: In this study, Rosa pisiformis was evaluated for its antioxidant activity, vitamin (A, E, C), trace element (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, Se) and mineral (Ca, K, Mg, Na) levels, in addition to its cardioprotective effects on cardiac tissue antioxidant enzymes (GSH-Px, SOD, CAT) during isoproterenol (ISO) - induced oxidative stress.

Methods: In the study, vitamin and mineral analysis was carried out using HPLC and ICP-MS method, R. P. antioxidant and antiradical properties were determined using spectrophotometer. Forty wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: control (0.9% NaCl), ISO (100 mg/kg), ISO (100 mg/kg) + R. P. (300 mg/kg) and R. P. (300 mg/ kg). ISO was injected subcutaneously into rats twice at an interval of 24 h for two consecutive days (on 28th and 29th day). R. P. fruit administered daily. The experimental period was continued for 30 days.

Results: The results of the study indicated that R. P. fruit and leaves contain high levels of minerals and vitamins and possess antioxidant and antiradical activity and its fruits have positive effects on cardiac tissues. The results are supported with significant changes in antioxidant enzyme levels and histopathological examination.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that R. P. fruits in particular can be used to treat and prevent cardiac diseases.
Hepatic Arginase - Nitric oxide imbalance: Impact of carcinogenesis and therapeutic effect of sodium channel blockage in an in vivo rat model
Authors: Batçıoğlu Kadir , Yıldırım Battal , Satılmış Basri , Uyumlu Ayşe Burçin , Genç Metin Fikret , Bentli Recep , Djamgoz Mustafa B. A.
Published: August 2016

Objective: Nitric oxide synthase and arginase are frequently antagonistic and interactive, although both use L-arginine as common substrate. Their balance is of potential functional importance. How the balance changes in cancer is unknown. Increasing evidence suggests that progression of carcinomas involves functional voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) activity.

Methods: The present study extended this study to liver and aimed to determine whether (i) DMBA carcinogenesis would affect the activities of arginase and NOS and (ii) treatment with Na-channel blocker RS100642 would ameliorate the impact of the carcinogen on the arginase-NOS balance.

Results: DMBA application significantly increased arginase activity and, correspondingly, the level of L-ornithine by 25-33%. In contrast, NOS activity decreased by 11%. Importantly, RS100642 treatment completely suppressed the effect on arginase.

Conclusion: It is concluded (i) that DMBA carcinogenesis changes the hepatic arginase-NOS balance, increasing the overall dominance of arginase and (ii) that VGSC inhibition has a protective effect on liver.
The moderating role of overcommitment in the relationship between psychological contract breach and employee mental health
Authors: Reimann Mareike
Published: August 2016

Objectives

This study investigated whether the association between perceived psychological contract breach (PCB) and employee mental health is moderated by the cognitive‐motivational pattern of overcommitment (OC) . Linking the psychological contract approach to the effort‐reward imbalance model, this study examines PCB as an imbalance in employment relationships that acts as a psychosocial stressor in the work environment and is associated with stress reactions that in turn negatively affect mental health.

Methods

The analyses were based on a sample of 3,667 employees who participated in a longitudinal linked employer‐employee survey representative of large organizations (with at least 500 employees who are subject so social security contributions) in Germany. Fixed‐effects regression models, including PCB and OC, were estimated for employee mental health, and interaction effects between PCB and OC were assessed.

Results

The multivariate fixed‐effects regression analyses showed a significant negative association between PCB and employee mental health. The results also confirmed that OC does indeed significantly increase the negative effect of PCB on mental health and that OC itself has a significant and negative effect on mental health.

Conclusions

The results suggest that employees characterized by the cognitive‐motivational pattern of OC are at an increased risk of developing poor mental health if they experience PCB compared with employees who are not overly committed to their work. The results of this study support the assumption that psychosocial work stressors play an important role in employee mental health.
Injuries caused by the venomous catfish pintado and cachara (Pseudoplatystoma genus) in fishermen of the Pantanal region in Brazil
Authors: AQUINO GIULIANO N.R. DE , SOUZA CELSO C. DE , HADDAD JUNIOR VIDAL , SABINO JOSÉ
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: the fishing activity throughout the Upper Paraguay River Basin has huge financial and biological importance. This retrospective study investigated the occurrence of injuries caused by fish of the Pseudoplatystoma genus (spotted catfish or pintado and striped catfish or cachara) in professional fishermen of the Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul State. METHODS: we collected information through a questionnaire, showing that fishing is carried out by workers with low level of education, mainly adults or seniors with low financial gains. RESULTS: in Miranda town, 126 of 315 fishermen were interviewed and 38 individuals reported injuries (30.16%). In Corumbá town, 355 of 627 fishermen were interviewed, and 111 (56,61%) reported injuries. The lacerated lesions were the most common, associate with edema, erythema, radiating pain to the root of the limb, paresthesias and local necrosis. More rarely, they reported the occurrence of fever, cardiac arrhythmias and cold sweating. These manifestations may be associated with late secondary infections or envenomations caused by the toxins in the stingers of the fish. Many questionable and inappropriate treatments are used, sometimes aggravating the injuries. CONCLUSIONS: the freshwater professional fishermen need guidance on first aid measures and prevention of accidents caused by these venomous fish.
Custos de coberturas para a prevenção de úlcera por pressão sacral
Authors: Inoue Kelly Cristina , Matsuda Laura Misue
Published: August 2016

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar os custos com coberturas na prevenção de úlcera por pressão sacral em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva para Adultos do Paraná, Brasil. Métodos: pesquisa de análise secundária com 25 pacientes internados entre outubro/2013 e março/2014, que utilizaram filme transparente de poliuretano (n=15) ou placa hidrocoloide (n=10) na região do sacro. O custo de cada intervenção se baseou na quantidade unitária utilizada, em cada tipo de cobertura e seu preço de aquisição (filme transparente = R$15,80, hidrocoloide = R$68,00). Resultados: O custo médio/paciente foi de R$23,17 para uso do filme transparente e de R$190,40 para uso de hidrocoloide. O principal motivo para a troca de cobertura foi o descolamento. Conclusão: O filme transparente consistiu na alternativa economicamente mais vantajosa para a prevenção de úlcera por pressão sacral em pacientes críticos; mas são necessários estudos adicionais que incluam a avaliação da efetividade de ambas as coberturas.
Experiências em morbidade maternal grave: estudo qualitativo sobre a percepção de mulheres
Authors: Silva Daniela Vitti Ribeiro da , Silveira Maria de Fátima de Araújo , Gomes-Sponholz Flávia Azevedo
Published: August 2016

RESUMO Objetivo: conhecer e analisar as vivências de mulheres que desenvolveram um episódio de Morbidade Materna Grave. Método: trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, no qual foram entrevistadas 16 mulheres internadas em hospital de nível terciário, em decorrência deste estado mórbido. Utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo no tratamento dos dados. Resultados: Foram identificadas duas categorias: "Compreendendo a morbidade materna como uma presença negativa" e "Seguir em frente: em alerta constante". Foram mencionados pelas entrevistadas aspectos negativos, como dificuldades do tratamento e hospitalização, sentimentos de medo, preocupação com o feto, frustração da gravidez idealizada, trauma; e aspectos positivos, como aprendizado e expressão da vontade divina na experiência da enfermidade. Conclusão: o cuidado efetivo no pré-natal, parto e puerpério deve prover suporte adequado para prevenção e assistência na Morbidade Materna Grave.
Análise dos atendimentos obstétricos realizados pelo Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência
Authors: Michilin Nathallia Serodio , Jensen Rodrigo , Jamas Milena Temer , Pavelqueires Shirlene , Parada Cristina Maria Garcia de Lima
Published: August 2016

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a pertinência dos chamados realizados pela população obstétrica usuária do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (SAMU 192) de Botucatu-SP. Método: estudo retrospectivo e analítico. Analisaram-se todas as fichas de atendimento obstétrico pré-hospitalar realizado em 2012 pelo SAMU 192. Foram considerados pertinentes os chamados que resultaram em encaminhamento ao hospital de referência obstétrica ou aqueles classificados nas cores vermelha, laranja e amarela, segundo critérios de risco propostos pelo Ministério da Saúde. Resultados: considerando-se os dois desfechos avaliados: encaminhamento ao hospital de referência e critérios de risco do Ministério da Saúde, não foram pertinentes 6,7% e 75,6% dos chamados, respectivamente. Não houve concordância entre os desfechos, nem variação entre primíparas e multíparas quanto à pertinência do chamado. Conclusão: espera-se com este estudo ratificar a necessidade de implementar protocolo de classificação de risco na área obstétrica, bem como subsidiar gestores na organização, qualificação e efetiva implantação da Rede Cegonha.
Estressores percebidos por pacientes no pós-operatório imediato de cirurgia cardíaca
Authors: Dessotte Carina Aparecida Marosti , Rodrigues Hélen Francine , Furuya Rejane Kiyomi , Rossi Lidia Aparecida , Dantas Rosana Aparecida Spadoti
Published: August 2016

RESUMO Objetivo: investigar os estressores percebidos pelos pacientes no pós-operatório imediato de cirurgia cardíaca e sua relação com características sociodemográficas e clínicas. Método: estudo correlacional, prospectivo, desenvolvido no interior paulista, entre agosto/2013 e dezembro/2014. Uma amostra não probabilística foi constituída por pacientes submetidos à primeira cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio e/ou correção de valvulopatias. Utilizamos a "Escala de Avaliação de Estressores em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva". Resultados: participaram 105 pacientes. O item avaliado como mais estressante foi "ter sede", e o menos estressante foi "membro da equipe de enfermagem não se apresentar pelo nome". Das variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas investigadas (sexo, idade, tipo e tempo de cirurgia, dor, tempo de entubação, uso de psicotrópico e tempo na unidade de terapia intensiva), apenas dor apresentou relação significativa com os estressores. Conclusão: conhecer os estressores pode auxiliar na implementação de práticas relacionadas à sua redução, favorecendo a recuperação dos pacientes.
Ações públicas para o controle do câncer de mama no Brasil: revisão integrativa
Authors: Ohl Isabella Cristina Barduchi , Ohl Rosali Isabel Barduchi , Chavaglia Suzel Regina Ribeiro , Goldman Rosely Erlach
Published: August 2016

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a produção científica sobre "câncer de mama" no período de 2002 a 2013 e identificar quais são as políticas públicas de rastreamento e diagnóstico precoce para o câncer de mama. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO e Google Acadêmico. Utilizou-se como critérios de inclusão: ano e período de publicação; disponibilidade do artigo na íntegra; publicação no Brasil; e o cruzamento entre os descritores Câncer de Mama, Atenção Primária à Saúde, Programas de Rastreamento e Detecção Precoce de Câncer. Resultados: após análise, obtiveram-se quatro (4) categorias temáticas: autoexame das mamas, exame clínico das mamas, mamografia e fatores que dificultam a adesão ao rastreamento. Conclusão: há déficits de conhecimento dos profissionais de saúde sobre a área, indicando a necessidade de realização de outros estudos sobre a temática abordada e maior investimento na educação continuada dos profissionais.
CONDICIONES DE CULTIVO DE LA PLANTA MATRIZ Y USO DEL ÁCIDO INDOLBUTÍRICO EN LA PROPAGACIÓN DEL MANDARINO ‘SUNKI’ BAJO ESTAQUILLA
Authors: SARMIENTO ANDRÉS IVÁN PRATO , SCHWARZ SERGIO FRANCISCO , SOUZA PAULO VITOR DUTRA DE
Published: August 2016

RESUMEN Los patrones se obtienen tradicionalmente en la citricultura a partir de semillas, seleccionándose las plantas de origen apomíctica. Sin embargo, hay riesgo de no realizarse la selección correcta, debido a la baja apomixis y la alta heterocigocidad en algunas especies o cultivares, como el mandarino ‘Sunki’. La obtención de los mismos por estaquillas solucionaría el problema. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el potencial de enraizamiento de estaquillas del mandarino ‘Sunki’ (Citrus sunki Hort. ex Tan.), colectadas de matrices cultivadas en el campo o en ambiente protegido, utilizándose diferentes concentraciones del ácido indolbutírico (AIB). Las estaquillas se colectaron en el final de la primavera y se mantuvieron por 90 días en cámara de nebulización intermitente. Se adoptó el diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar, con cuatro repeticiones, en arreglo factorial 2 x 4, referente a dos condiciones de cultivo (matrices cultivadas en campo y en ambiente protegido) y cuatro concentraciones del AIB (0, 750, 1.500 y 3.000 mg L-1). El enraizamiento del mandarino ‘Sunki’ fue elevado, alcanzando el 96% en las dos condiciones. La brotación (54%) y la supervivencia (95%) de las estacas presentaron valores satisfactorios, independientemente del AIB. El empleo del AIB solamente es necesario en estacas provenientes de plantas mantenidas en el ambiente protegido, puesto que mejora su enraizamiento y el número de raíces.
O CORPO NO ESPAÇO URBANO: ENTRE O VIGIAR, O PUNIR E O SIGNIFICAR
Authors: Venturini Maria Cleci , Lachovski Marilda Aparecida
Published: August 2016

Resumo O corpo, como objeto discursivo, é uma materialidade significante, pela qual retornam e ressoam memórias e discursos, instaurando processos de identificação. Neste sentido, pensa-se nas formas como o corpo vem sendo representado e lido, no espaço urbano, como uma textualidade. Faz-se isso por meio de dois olhares teóricos: o de Foucault e o de Pêcheux, ressaltando que o discurso constitui o ponto de encontro entre os dois. De um lado, atenta-se para o corpo vigiado e punido e para uma sociedade coercitiva, que se autoriza a fazer justiça e, de outro, para a ideologia que naturaliza o vigiar, o punir e as memórias que significam as práticas discursivas em torno do "fazer" justiça, do julgar e do condenar. Para isso, recorta-se a capa da revista Veja (fevereiro de 2014), tendo em vista o corpo vigiado e punido e o corpo que significa pela memória e pela ideologia em uma sociedade que se representa como justiceira, mas nem sempre justa.
O MÉTODO ARQUEGENEALÓGICO NA ANÁLISE DO DISCURSO: O POTENCIAL SUJEITO APRENDIZ E APRENDIZAGEM DE LÍNGUA INGLESA NO DISCURSO PUBLICITÁRIO-INSTITUCIONAL
Authors: Marques Welisson
Published: August 2016

Resumo Este artigo discorre sobre as problematizações arquegenealógicas foucaultianas buscando-se articulá-las com os pressupostos teóricos da Análise do Discurso de vertente francesa a fim de analisar o discurso publicitário de curso de idiomas, mais especificamente sobre como se constituem potenciais sujeitos aprendizes e aprendizagem de língua inglesa nesse espaço enunciativo. Verifica-se a proficuidade do pensamento foucaultiano, em especial no que concerne às noções de verdades, saberes e poderes, e como tais conceitos podem servir ao analista como ferramenta metodológica de análise. Analisa-se uma peça publicitária produzida por curso de língua inglesa e, nesse exercício, apresenta-se aspectos atinentes à constituição de sujeitos aprendizes e aprendizagem dessa mesma língua em nosso país. Apresenta-se como considerações que: 1. Compete sempre ao brasileiro aprender a LE e utilizá-la, nunca ao estrangeiro; 2. Há um apagamento de outras habilidades em proveito da produção oral; e 3. É dado ao estrangeiro o lugar daquele que tem saber e, também, que possui poder(es).
ENTEXTUALIZAÇÕES ESTRATÉGICAS: PERFORMANCES SENSUALIZADAS DE RAÇA EM PRÁTICAS DISCURSIVAS NA WEB 2.0
Authors: Guimarães Thayse Figueira , Lopes Luiz Paulo da Moita
Published: August 2016

Resumo Este artigo focaliza as práticas discursivas de Luan, um jovem negro e de identificações homoeróticas, em interação na Web 2.0. Os dados foram gerados em uma investigação etnográfica, no contexto interacional da rede social Facebook. As noções de entextualização e de performances são privilegiadas para dar conta da observação dos processos de circulação e desestabilização de discursos cristalizados de raça, na construção das identificações de Luan como garoto negro e sensual. Defende-se que tais noções são a chave de leitura para a compreensão de como tais discursos são estrategicamente utilizados pelo jovem, ao construir suas performances nas interações com amigos dessa rede social. As análises apontam que identificações de raça são entremeadas por marcas de gênero/sexualidade e que estratégias de agenciamento emergem em meio a uma profusão de significados normativos.
Correlações entre aquisição do vocabulário e da fonologia: número de palavras produzidas versus consoantes adquiridas
Authors: Wiethan Fernanda Marafiga , Mota Helena Bolli , Moraes Anaelena Bragança de
Published: August 2016

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar as possíveis correlações entre o número de tipos lexicais e o número de consoantes no sistema fonológico geral em crianças com desenvolvimento típico de linguagem. Métodos 186 crianças entre um ano e seis meses e cinco anos, 11 meses e 29 dias, falantes monolíngues do Português Brasileiro, com desenvolvimento típico de linguagem, participaram do estudo. A coleta de dados envolveu avaliações fonoaudiológicas e gravação da fala espontânea. Analisou-se a fonologia quanto ao número de consoantes adquiridas no sistema fonológico geral, em cada estrutura silábica e nos níveis do Modelo Implicacional de Complexidade de Traços (MICT). O vocabulário foi analisado quanto ao número de tipos de itens lexicais produzidos. Estes dados foram comparados entre as faixas etárias. A seguir, foram analisadas as correlações entre os tipos lexicais produzidos e as variáveis estabelecidas para o sistema fonológico. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados Todos os aspectos da fonologia avaliados apresentaram crescimento gradual. Os tipos lexicais apresentaram comportamento semelhante, porém com uma pequena regressão na idade de cinco anos. Houve diferentes correlações positivas entre os tipos lexicais produzidos e as variáveis analisadas no sistema fonológico. Houve apenas uma correlação negativa, referente à produção dos tipos lexicais com o onset complexo na última faixa etária analisada. Conclusão A fonologia e o vocabulário apresentam comportamentos semelhantes. Há diversas correlações positivas entre os tipos lexicais produzidos e diferentes aspectos da fonologia, exceto em relação ao onset complexo.
Detecting cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease using a brief cognitive screening tool: Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE)
Authors: Chade Anabel , Roca María , Torralva Teresa , Gleichgerrcht Ezequiel , Fabbro Nicolás , Gómez Arévalo Gonzalo , Gershanik Oscar , Manes Facundo
Published: August 2016

Abstract Detecting cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease is crucial for good clinical practice given the new therapeutic possibilities available. When full neuropsychological evaluations are not available, screening tools capable of detecting cognitive difficulties become crucial. Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate whether the Spanish version of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE) is capable of detecting cognitive difficulties in patients with Parkinson's disease and discriminating their cognitive profile from patients with dementia. Methods: 77 early dementia patients (53 with Alzheimer's Disease and 24 with Frontotemporal Dementia), 22 patients with Parkinson's disease, and 53 healthy controls were evaluated with the ACE. Results: Parkinson's disease patients significantly differed from both healthy controls and dementia patients on ACE total score. Conclusions: This study shows that the Spanish version of the ACE is capable of detecting patients with cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease and is able to differentiate them from patients with dementia based on their general cognitive status.
The corpus callosum in Binswanger's disease: A quantitative fractional anisotropy analysis
Authors: Engelhardt Eliasz , Moreira Denise Madeira , Alves Gilberto Oliveira , Lanna Maria Elisa Oliveira , Alves Carlos Eduardo de Oliveira , Ericeira-Valente Letice , Sudo Felipe Kenji , Laks Jerson
Published: August 2016

Abstract To study the integrity of the corpus callosum in Binswanger's disease (BD) patients using quantitative fractional anisotropy (DTI-FA). Methods: Controls (12) and patients with BD (12) were included. MR [GE Signa Horizon-1.5T] scans were performed. BD patients presented Fazekas's score=6 and leukoaraiosis extension ³75%, as assessed on FLAIR sequence. Standard parameters for DTI-FA acquisition were used. Functool was employed for post-processing, and ROIs placed on the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum on one axial plane at the basal ganglia level. Statistics [ANOVA] for genu and splenium comparison were analyzed. Results: DTI-FA showed reduction of anisotropy in both regions of the corpus callosum, more prominently in anterior (genu) than posterior (splenium) in BD patients versus controls. Conclusion: The reduction of anisotropy reflects loss of integrity of fibers of the studied regions of the corpus callosum. This finding indicates an interruption of the most important inter-hemispheric commissure, and component of neural networks that underlies cognitive, behavioral, motor and sensory integration. The affected genu and splenium, together with damage to other fiber systems that connect the prefrontal and parietal-occipital regions, may manifest clinically as dysfunction of high-level integrative regions linked to the domains of executive and sensory functions, respectively, that can occur in Binswanger's disease.
Comparison of the Mini Mental State Examination and depressive symptoms between high cardiovascular risk and healthy community elderly groups
Authors: Costa Amanda Lucas da , Varela Juliana Santos , Mazetti Osmar , Restelatto Luciane , Costa Andry Fitterman , Godinho Claudia , Camozzato Ana Luiza , Picon Paulo D. , Chaves Márcia L.
Published: August 2016

Abstract The aging of the population is a universal phenomenon with direct consequences upon the public health system. One of the main repercussions of the growth in this sector of the population is the increased prevalence of disorders such as dementia and depression which are very frequent among the elderly. The relationship between cardiovascular risk factors, dementia and depression have been addressed in many recent investigations. Objectives: To evaluate the relationship of cognitive performance and depressive symptoms with cardiovascular risk in the elderly. Methods: 94 high cardiovascular risk elderly patients and 160 healthy community elderly were evaluated cross-sectionally. The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) were used as the main measures. The cutoff for presence of depression was 6 on the GDS. Results: The high cardiovascular risk elderly group showed significantly lower scores on the MMSE (p<0.001) and was significantly associated to depression (p<0.001), independently of education. The logistic regression analysis for depression as the dependent variable, age and group (healthy community or high cardiovascular risk elderly) were kept in the final equation. Higher age (Odds Ratio=0.92; 95% CI 0.86-0.98) and high cardiovascular risk elderly (OR=2.99; 95% CI 1.36-6.59) were associated to depression. Conclusions: The present findings corroborate the different cognitive performance of elderly with high cardiovascular risk factors and the association of depressive symptoms with this group.
Processing of metaphors in transcortical motor aphasia
Authors: Mancopes Renata , Schultz Fernanda
Published: August 2016

Abstract Great emphasis has been placed on the right hemisphere, due to its possible selective contribution, in the processing of metaphorical statements. Objectives: To describe the processing of metaphors in the case of a patient with transcortical motor aphasia, using specific tests for patients with encephalic injuries of the right hemisphere, and to contribute to the discussion on the inter-hemispheric relationships associated with this function. Methods: A 54 year-old man with transcortical motor aphasia was evaluated three years after a left hemisphere stroke. The tasks of comprehension of metaphors were based on the subtest Metaphor Comprehension Task of the Montreal Evaluation of Communications Scale (MEC). Two metaphor comprehension tests were applied, in 45-minute sessions with a 48 hour interval between each. Test 1 involved comprehension of the metaphors according to the options offered, and Test 2 the comprehension of metaphors measured by response time and visual field. Results: Although the right hemisphere was not affected by the stroke in this case, difficulties were observed in the processing of metaphors. Conclusions: This study suggests that the left hemisphere participates in the processing of figurative meanings. The adaptability of the brain can also re-accommodate the uninjured areas of the brain, causing the dynamic of the brain to be modified. As a result, deducing cerebral functions based on clinical data can be problematic. The value of this study is that it can contribute to clinical aspects of language rehabilitation.
Developmental prosopagnosia and adaptative compensatory strategies: Case study
Authors: Rodrigues Anair , Bolognani Sílvia Adriana Prado , Brucki Sonia Maria Dozzi , Bueno Orlando Francisco Amodeo
Published: August 2016

Abstract Prosopagnosia is a type of visual agnosia with inability to identify faces, usually secondary to brain lesion in associative cortex areas, but there is also a congenital form known as developmental prosopagnosia. Objectives: To describe a case of developmental prosopagnosia that illustrates the specificity of the pathways for perception of faces in the visual system. Also, we will describe possible mechanisms of recognition used by this patient. Methods: R.S., a 50 year-old woman, was referred for neuropsychological assessment due to difficulties in perception of familiar faces since childhood, unexplained by any loss of visual acuity. Results: The exam showed good performance for comprehension, reasoning, concept formation, constructional abilities, criticism, judgment, mental control, memory and visual perception for other kinds of stimuli. No difficulties were seen regarding identification of ethnicity, age and types of animals. The patient was able to match celebrities' faces in different positions, but could not identify the matching pictures for unknown people. Conclusions: These findings indicate the patient had developed strategies, throughout life, to recognize familiar faces (relatives, celebrities) from memorized fragments, but still had difficulties in identifying non-familiar faces holistically.
Postencephalitic amnesia with long term-working memory impairment: A case report
Authors: Baldivia Beatriz , Saa Pablo Resende , Rocha Maria Sheila Guimarães , Brucki Sonia Maria Dozzi
Published: August 2016

Abstract Herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSVE) is an inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by virus, leading to focal necrosis in medial temporal lobes, hippocampal complex and basal forebrain. Cognitively, HSVE is associated to many dysfunctions which vary according to the extent of the lesion. Episodic memory impairment is the most common sequelae following HSVE episodes, although others can occur. The aim of this case report was to describe the cognitive profile of a 42 year-old man who had extensive bilateral damage to the medial temporal lobe, insular bilateral and orbitofrontal cortices due to HSVE. Severe anterograde and retrograde amnesia, naming deficits, perseverative behaviors and confabulations were observed on neuropsychological assessment. We discussed the concept of long term-working memory based on this evaluation. These cognitive impairments corroborated HSVE previous findings in the literature.
Effect of cellulose acetate phthalate and polyethylene glycol on physical properties and release of theophylline from microcapsules
Authors: Hussain Amjad , Mumtaz Ahmad Mehmood , Arshad Muhammad Sohail , Abbas Nasir , Latif Abida , Shamim Rahat , Bukhari Nadeem Irfan , Hussain Khalid
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT The present study describes the development of theophylline microcapsules by a non-solvent addition method and the effect of plasticizer addition on microencapsulation. The release was studied in distilled water and the data were analysed by various mathematical models for determining the mechanism of release. Prepared microcapsules were found to be spherical, free flowing and having more than 80% entrapped drug. The polymer - cellulose acetate phthalate and plasticizer - polyethylene glycol was considered to be affecting the properties of microcapsules including drug release (time for 50% drug release, T50). The formulation with the highest proportion of polymer and without plasticizer (F3) showed the slowest release with T50 = 4.3 h, while the formulation with lower proportion of polymer and 20% (w/w) plasticizer (F13 &14) showed the fastest release of drug with T50 values of 1.2 h and 1.3 h, respectively. The drug release from most of the formulations was found to be following Higuchi model. It is concluded from the results of the present study that cellulose acetate phthalate significantly affects the sustained release of the drug in water, whereas the addition of polyethylene glycol slightly enhances the drug release.
Medication reconciliation as a strategy for preventing medication errors
Authors: Spalla Luana de Rezende , Castilho Selma Rodrigues de
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT One of the current barriers proposed to avoid possible medication errors, and consequently harm to patients, is the medication reconciliation, a process in which drugs used by patients prior to hospitalization can be compared with those prescribed in the hospital. This study describes the results of a pharmacist based reconciliation conducted during six months in clinical units of a university hospital. Fourteen patients (23.33%) had some kind of problem related to medicine. The majority (80%) of medication errors were due to medication omission. Pharmaceutical interventions acceptance level was 90%. The results suggest that pharmacists based reconciliation can have a relevant role in preventing medication errors and adverse events. Moreover, the detailed interview, conducted by the pharmacist, is able to rescue important information regarding the use of drugs, allowing to avoid medications errors and patient injury.
Membrane adsorber for endotoxin removal
Authors: Almeida Karina Moita de , Almeida Maiara Maciel , Fingola Fernando Faria , Ferraz Helen Conceição
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT The surface of flat-sheet nylon membranes was modified using bisoxirane as the spacer and polyvinyl alcohol as the coating polymer. The amino acid histidine was explored as a ligand for endotoxins, aiming at its application for endotoxin removal from aqueous solutions. Characterization of the membrane adsorber, analysis of the depyrogenation procedures and the evaluation of endotoxin removal efficiency in static mode are discussed. Ligand density of the membranes was around 7 mg/g dry membrane, allowing removal of up to 65% of the endotoxins. The performance of the membrane adsorber prepared using nylon coated with polyvinyl alcohol and containing histidine as the ligand proved superior to other membrane adsorbers reported in the literature. The lack of endotoxin adsorption on nylon membranes without histidine confirmed that endotoxin removal was due to the presence of the ligand at the membrane surface. Modified membranes were highly stable, exhibiting a lifespan of approximately thirty months.
VADIAGEM E PRISÕES CORRECIONAIS EM SÃO PAULO: MECANISMOS DE CONTROLE NO FIRMAMENTO DA REPÚBLICA
Authors: Teixeira Alessandra , Salla Fernando Afonso , Marinho Maria Gabriela da Silva Martins da Cunha
Published: August 2016

Resumo O artigo discute o modo como se operou em São Paulo o controle e a repressão da vadiagem, categoria social forjada pelo discurso jurídico entre o final do século XIX e a primeira metade do XX, através de tecnologias de assujeitamento de indivíduos submetidos a formas de classificação e controle expressas em práticas policiais arbitrárias como as detenções correcionais. Para tanto, analisam-se sobretudo dados extraídos de relatórios policiais entre as décadas de 1930 e 1940, que indicam a sobreposição das medidas de controle social aos instrumentos jurídico-penais, opondo formas heterodoxas de gestão dos ilegalismos ao ciclo completo da punição.
DIREITO, PROPRIEDADE E REFORMAS URBANAS: RIO DE JANEIRO, 1903-1906
Authors: Cantisano Pedro Jimenez
Published: August 2016

Resumo Este artigo se baseia na análise qualitativa de processos judiciais da primeira década do século XX - encontrados no Arquivo Nacional - para reconstruir o papel de práticas, instituições e conceitos jurídicos na resistência e adaptação dos proprietários do Rio de Janeiro às reformas urbanas de Pereira Passos e Rodrigues Alves. Como fontes complementares, são empregados anais parlamentares e legislação, para entender as bases legais das reformas; livros e revistas jurídicas, para estudar a evolução dos conceitos jurídicos relevantes, como o de "propriedade"; e jornais, para contextualizar e acessar aspectos extra-jurídicos dos litígios, ou seja, aquilo que não aparece nos autos processuais.
CONSTITUCIONALISMO E BATALHAS POLÍTICAS NA ARGENTINA: ELEMENTOS PARA UMA HISTÓRIA SOCIAL
Authors: Engelmann Fabiano , Penna Luciana Rodrigues
Published: August 2016

Resumo O artigo propõe elementos para uma história social do constitucionalismo e sua relação com as batalhas políticas na Argentina. O investimento das diferentes frações da elite política na interpretação constitucional é analisado como uma das estratégias de legitimação de sucessivos regimes políticos visando à sua formalização na técnica jurídica. A primeira parte trata dos contornos sócio-históricos do constitucionalismo argentino, com ênfase na sua legitimação no âmbito acadêmico. A segunda se debruça sobre a intensificação dos usos políticos do Direito Constitucional e as modalidades de intersecção de seus agentes no espaço político.
SOBRE A HISTÓRIA CONSTITUCIONAL
Authors: Koerner Andrei
Published: August 2016

Resumo O ensaio discute a produção bibliográfica europeia recente sobre a história constitucional. A partir da exploração de diversos sentidos da expressão, analisa três perspectivas: a jurídica, a positiva e a crítica, e discute sua abordagem, seus conceitos e métodos. Na conclusão, faz um balanço crítico das perspectivas e esboça o conceito de ordem constitucional para articular uma reflexão crítica sobre o direito e as técnicas de governo na atualidade.