bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deploying large language models for discourse studies: An exploration of automated analysis of media attitudes
Authors: Gao Qingyu , Feng Dezheng (William)
Published: January 2025

This study aims to provide an LLM (Large Language Model)-based method for the discourse analysis of media attitudes, and thereby investigate media attitudes towards China in a Hong Kong-based newspaper. Analysis of attitudes in large amounts of media data is crucial for understanding public opinions, market trends, social dynamics, etc. However, corpus-based approaches have traditionally focused on explicit linguistic expressions of attitudes, leaving implicit expressions unconsidered. To address this gap, the present study explored the possibility of using LLMs for the automated identification and classification of both explicit and implicit attitudes and evaluated the feasibility of implementing this approach on personal computers. The analysis was based on the framework proposed by Martin and White, which provides a structured approach for describing different aspects of media attitudes [1]. Meta’s open-source Llama2 (13b) was used for automated attitude analysis and was quantised for deployment on personal computers. The quantised LLM was used to analyse 40,000 expressions about China in a corpus of news reports from Oriental Daily News, a top-selling newspaper in Hong Kong. The results demonstrated that the quantised LLM can accurately capture both explicit and implicit attitudes, with a success rate of approximately 80%, comparable to that of proficient human coders. Challenges encountered during the implementation process and potential coping strategies were also discussed.
Genetic variability and population structure analysis of Protostrongylus oryctolagi (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) in Lepus europaeus from Central and Northern Italy
Authors: Guarniero Ilaria , Stancampiano Laura , Franch Rafaella , Armaroli Elisa , Macchioni Fabio , Negrisolo Enrico
Published: January 2025

Nematodes are abundant and ubiquitous animals which are poorly known at intraspecific level. This work represents the first attempt to fill the gap on basic knowledge of genetic variability and differentiation in Protostrongylus oryctolagi, a nematode parasite of lagomorphs. 68 cox1 sequences were obtained from brown hares collected in five locations in Northern and Central Italy, highlighting the presence of a high amount of genetic variation inside this species. The eleven haplotypes identified (Haplotype diversity equal to 0.702) were split into two lineages: lineage A (comprising six different haplotypes, A1-A6) and lineage B (B1-B5). The mean intra-lineage amount of genetic variation was 0.3%, whereas the inter-lineage percentage of variation was ten-fold higher (3%). These two lineages were non-randomly distributed in the investigated areas. Lineage A showed a preference for Central Italy (Tuscany) even if it was sporadically found also in northern territories (Emilia-Romagna), while B-haplotypes were present exclusively in Emilia-Romagna. The analysis of molecular variance identified two main barriers to gene flow: (i) a strong major one which separate samples of Central Italy (PIA and GR7) from the northern ones (RE1, RE3 and MO1; ΦST = 0.750, P = 0.00); (ii) a secondary faint barrier which separates Pianosa island from Grosseto (ΦST = 0.133, P = 0.00). Any difference was found among northern samples (ΦST = 0.009, P = 0.00). The observed data may be explained by several factors ranging from the parasite’s biology (presence of a narrow host spectrum), the final host’s behaviour (small home range), the natural dispersion of the host-parasite dyad occurred in past or the recent passive men-mediated migration. Finally, the presence of unconventional shortened amplicons revealed the presence of NUMTs (nuclear copy of mitochondrial genes) in the P. oryctolagi nuclear genome, suggesting caution when using DNA barcode as unique marker for the identification of species belonging to this genus.

“In short, if all the matter in the universe except the nematodes were swept away, our world would still be dimly recognizable”. Nathan Augustus Cobb, from "Nematodes and Their Relationships", 1915
LFA-1: A potential key player in microglia-mediated neuroprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation in vitro
Authors: Jansen Robin , Pawlitzki Marc , Gliem Michael , Meuth Sven G. , Schreiber Stefanie , Görtler Michael-W. , Neumann Jens
Published: January 2025

For the last 38 years, all neuroprotective agents for patients with ischemic stroke have failed in clinical trials. The innate immune system, particularly microglia, is a much-discussed target for neuroprotective agents. Promising results for neuroprotection by inhibition of integrins with drugs such as natalizumab in animal stroke models have not been translated into clinical practice. Our present study reveals the relevance of a β2 integrin, lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), as a potential key player in protecting neuronal cell death after oxygen-glucose deprivation in organotypic hippocampal cell cultures. In addition, we identified microglial cells as effector cells for LFA-1-mediated neuroprotection. The counterpart of LFA-1 on microglia is unclear, but we show strong expression of ICAM-5 in hippocampal neurons, suggesting a critical role for direct crosstalk between microglia and neurons for neuronal survival under oxygen-glucose deprivation. The enigma of neuroprotection after ischemic stroke remains to be solved, and our findings highlight the continuing importance and lack of understanding of integrin-mediated pathways after ischemic stroke and the need for further intensive research.
Secure privacy-preserving record linkage system from re-identification attack
Authors: Lee Sejong , Kim Yushin , Kwon Yongseok , Cho Sunghyun
Published: January 2025

Privacy-preserving record linkage (PPRL) technology, crucial for linking records across datasets while maintaining privacy, is susceptible to graph-based re-identification attacks. These attacks compromise privacy and pose significant risks, such as identity theft and financial fraud. This study proposes a zero-relationship encoding scheme that minimizes the linkage between source and encoded records to enhance PPRL systems’ resistance to re-identification attacks. Our method’s efficacy was validated through simulations on the Titanic and North Carolina Voter Records (NCVR) datasets, demonstrating a substantial reduction in re-identification rates. Security analysis confirms that our zero-relationship encoding effectively preserves privacy against graph-based re-identification threats, improving PPRL technology’s security.
The effect of nature on creativity through mental imagery
Authors: Drake Aaron C. , Hasan Fiza , Gibson Arianna , Kam Julia W. Y.
Published: January 2025

Immersion in nature has been linked to wide-ranging benefits on mental health and cognitive functions, from reducing stress to enhancing creativity. However, a walk in nature is not always feasible, and whether a proxy for nature immersion via a mental walk in nature can elicit the same benefits as a physical walk remains largely unknown. Accordingly, the current study utilized guided imagery to examine whether a mental walk in nature would improve creativity in general and when compared to a mental walk in an urban environment. We implemented a within-subjects design, wherein participants completed both mental walk conditions (in a nature and urban environment) at least five days apart in counterbalanced order on an online platform. During each session, participants (N = 97) completed two pre-walk tasks assessing convergent (measured by the Remote Associates Test) and divergent creative thinking (measured by the Alternate Uses Test), followed by a mental walk in either a nature or urban environment, then finally the identical two post-walk creativity tasks. After five days, they repeated the same procedure with a mental walk in the other environment. While comparisons of post-walk creativity scores between the nature and urban environment did not significantly differ from each other, the comparisons between the pre- and post-walk creativity scores revealed a significant improvement in convergent creative thinking in the nature environment condition, but not the urban environment condition. Our results suggest that taking a mental walk in nature can enhance at least one aspect of creativity, therefore providing preliminary evidence for the potential to access the creative benefits of mentally immersing ourselves in nature. These findings have important implications for those who wish to enjoy the benefits of nature but are unable to readily access nature physically.
Identifying genetic susceptibility loci associated with human coronary artery disease
Authors: Zahid Aqsa , Batool Andleeb , Wajid Abdul , Wu Yurong , Liang Chun , Khan Muhammad Ajmal , Ullah Amin , Sahibzada Kashif Iqbal , Xue Hong
Published: January 2025

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a multigenic condition influenced by both nature and nurture (60% to 40%). Prognosis of CAD is based on familial patterns. This study examined and analyzed the susceptibility of CAD to genetic variants in various Pakistani families. A total of 50 families, 308 participants (79 affected and 229 unaffected were genotyped for NOS3 (rs1799983, rs2070744), PON1 (rs662), LPA-PLA2 (rs105193, rs1805017), APOE (rs429358, rs7412), PCSK9 (rs505151), MEF2A (rs325400), TNF (rs1800629) and LDLR (rs1122608, rs2228671) genes. The family-based association in CAD associated genes SNPs were NOS3 (rs1799983), PON1 (rs662), LPA-PLA2 (rs1805017), MEF2A (rs325400), and LDLR (rs1122608, rs222867) showed transmission within families p≤ 0.05 whereas NOS3 (rs2070744), APOE (rs429358, rs7412) and TNF (rs1800629) showed no association TDT asymptotic p-value >0.05. In DFAM and QFAM test NOS3 (rs1799983), PON1 (rs662), MEF2A (rs325400), and LDLR (rs1122608, rs222867) showed positive association p≤ 0.05 in both whereas NOS3 (rs2070744), APOE (rs429358, rs7412), LPA-PLA2 (rs1805017) and TNF (rs1800629) showed low risk of transmission asymptotic p-value >0.05 in DFAM but NOS3(rs2070744), APOE(rs7412), LPA-PLAG2(rs1805017) also showed association p≤ 0.05 whereas APOE (rs429358) and TNF (rs1800629) showed no association EMP1 p-value >0.05 in QFAM. In linkage analysis Chromosome 6 (Position 70.810): LOD = 3.16, Chromosome 7 (Position 107.190): LOD = 3.16, and chromosome 19 (Position 31.470): LOD = 3.90 also showed significant association with disease as p < 0.05. This discovery enhances the understanding about genetic variants of CAD and also facilitates early detection, targeted interventions, pattern of inheritance in population. This ultimately improving patient outcomes and guiding future research to highlight its significance as a potential diagnostic marker.
Electric field stimulation directs target-specific axon regeneration and partial restoration of vision after optic nerve crush injury
Authors: Kim Timothy , Iseri Ege , Peng Micalla G. , Medvidovic Sasha , Silliman Timothy , Pahlavan Pooyan , Niu Gengle , Huang Connie , Simonyan Anahit , Pahnahad Javad , Yao Petcy , Lam Phillip , Garimella Vahini , Shahidi Mahnaz , Bienkowski Michael S. , Lee Darrin J. , Thomas Biju , Lazzi Gianluca , Gokoffski Kimberly K.
Published: January 2025

Failure of central nervous system (CNS) axons to regenerate after injury results in permanent disability. Several molecular neuro-protective and neuro-regenerative strategies have been proposed as potential treatments but do not provide the directional cues needed to direct target-specific axon regeneration. Here, we demonstrate that applying an external guidance cue in the form of electric field stimulation to adult rats after optic nerve crush injury was effective at directing long-distance, target-specific retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axon regeneration to native targets in the diencephalon. Stimulation was performed with asymmetric charged-balanced (ACB) waveforms that are safer than direct current and more effective than traditional, symmetric biphasic waveforms. In addition to partial anatomical restoration, ACB waveforms conferred partial restoration of visual function as measured by pattern electroretinogram recordings and local field potential recordings in the superior colliculus—and did so without the need for genetic manipulation. Our work suggests that exogenous electric field application can override cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic barriers to axon regeneration, and that electrical stimulation performed with specific ACB waveforms may be an effective strategy for directing anatomical and functional restoration after CNS injury.
Cervical cancer care at a tertiary oncology facility in Uganda: Comparing daily practice with national treatment targets on cervical cancer control
Authors: de Fouw Marlieke , Boere Melissa W. M. , Nakisige Carolyn , Nabwire Mariam , Namugga Jane , Luutu Israel , Orem Jackson , Lith Jan M. M. van , Beltman Jogchum J.
Published: January 2025

Objective

Treatment of cervical cancer patients in Uganda is hampered by late diagnosis due to the unavailability of timely screening and limited availability of advanced cancer care. This study evaluated the clinical presentation and management of cervical cancer patients presenting at the Uganda Cancer Institute (UCI) in Kampala, the tertiary oncology facility in Uganda with access to radiotherapy and reflected on daily clinical practice to identify priority areas for improving cervical cancer care in Uganda.

Patients and methods

We retrospectively analyzed medical records of all cervical cancer patients presenting to UCI between January 2017 and March 2018 for sociodemographic characteristics and clinical variables with descriptive statistics. The clinical management of patients with early and advanced stage disease who initiated treatment at UCI was evaluated using the national targets formulated in the Uganda strategic plan for cervical cancer prevention and control.

Results

Medical records of 583 patients were included, representing less than 10% of the annual estimated incidence in Uganda. The majority (86%) of patients presented with advanced stage of disease. More than half of patients never initiated (31%) or interrupted (30%) treatment. The national treatment targets for surgery (10%) and palliative care (25%) were achieved for eligible patients at UCI, however, the target for chemoradiotherapy (65%) was not met.

Conclusion

Daily clinical practice differed from the ambitions formulated in the national treatment targets on cervical cancer control. While most women presented in advanced stage requiring chemoradiotherapy, the target was not met due to limited availability of radiotherapy. Although targets for surgery and palliative care were achieved at UCI facility level, they mask the unmet need of the majority of cervical cancer patients who never initiated or completed treatment. This demands for further expansion of oncological surgical capacity, chemotherapy and radiotherapy and warrants to focus on accessible prevention programs.
Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity does not improve mortality in type 2 diabetes patients with severe abdominal aortic calcification
Authors: Sheng Chang , Xiong Yacheng , Yang Pu , Wang Wei
Published: January 2025

Background

The impact of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with severe abdominal aortic calcification (SAAC) remains unclear.

Methods

We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2014, including T2D patients aged 40 years and older. AAC was assessed using the Kauppila scoring system, with SAAC defined as a score >6. Self-reported MVPA was categorized based on weekly minutes of activity. The weighted Cox regression model was used to investigate risk associations.

Results

Among the weighted sample of 20,328,606 T2D participants, 16.39% had SAAC. SAAC was significantly associated with increased all-cause mortality (HR 2.57, 95% CI 1.52–4.35) after adjusting for confounders. MVPA did not significantly reduce mortality risk in patients with SAAC (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.40–2.49).

Conclusion

SAAC is a robust predictor of mortality in T2D patients, and MVPA does not improve mortality outcomes in this high-risk group. Future studies should conduct more detailed subgroup analyses to identify the specific indications for MVPA.
Relative validity and reproducibility of a short semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire for Chinese athletes
Authors: Xu Qian , Chu Yudan , Tian Huajun , Ma Guoqiang , Qiu Jun , Zhang Qiuping
Published: January 2025

A convenient but efficient tool for evaluating dietary intakes in Chinese professional athletes has yet to be established. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of a short semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) through comparison with 3-day weighed food records (3DWFRs) and corresponding serum biomarkers from a cohort of 102 professional athletes, while also evaluating its reproducibility. The relative validity was assessed using Spearman correlation coefficients, cross-quintiles classification, weighted kappa, and Bland–Altman analysis, while reproducibility was evaluated using the Spearman correlation coefficients and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between two FFQs. The results showed the median (range) crude correlation coefficients (CCs) between the first FFQ and 3DWFRs for energy and nutrients, and the food groups were 0.331 (0.219 to 0.568) and 0.292 (-0.035 to 0.455), respectively. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (EPA, DHA, and EPA+DHA) intake estimated from the FFQ significantly correlated with corresponding serum biomarkers, with CCs ranging from 0.389 to 0.520. Weighted kappa statistics, indicating acceptable consistency (> 0.2) for most items, varied from -0.076 to 0.581, except for vitamin C, vegetables, and oils. Misclassification of nutrients and food groups into extreme quartiles was rare, with a median misclassification rate of 2% (ranging from 1% to 12%) and 3% (ranging 0 to 10%), respectively. Bland–Altman analysis revealed good agreement between FFQ and 3DWFRs, with over 90% of data points falling within the limits of agreement (LOA) for all assessed nutrients and food groups. In the reproducibility analysis, the median (range) crude CC and ICC for energy and nutrients were 0.574 (0.423 to 0.643) and 0.668 (0.558 to 0.763), respectively, while for food groups, they were 0.681 (0.242 to 0.764) and 0.640 (0.371 to 0.787), respectively. In conclusion, the short FFQ demonstrated acceptable relative validity and reproducibility for most nutrients and food groups, suggesting its potential as a valuable tool for assessing dietary intake and nutrition status among young Chinese athletes.
A conserved fungal Knr4/Smi1 protein is crucial for maintaining cell wall stress tolerance and host plant pathogenesis
Authors: Kroll Erika , Bayon Carlos , Rudd Jason , Armer Victoria J. , Magaji-Umashankar Anjana , Ames Ryan , Urban Martin , Brown Neil A. , Hammond-Kosack Kim
Published: January 2025

Filamentous plant pathogenic fungi pose significant threats to global food security, particularly through diseases like Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) and Septoria Tritici Blotch (STB) which affects cereals. With mounting challenges in fungal control and increasing restrictions on fungicide use due to environmental concerns, there is an urgent need for innovative control strategies. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of the stage-specific infection process of Fusarium graminearum in wheat spikes by generating a dual weighted gene co-expression network (WGCN). Notably, the network contained a mycotoxin-enriched fungal module (F12) that exhibited a significant correlation with a detoxification gene-enriched wheat module (W12). This correlation in gene expression was validated through quantitative PCR. By examining a fungal module with genes highly expressed during early symptomless infection that was correlated to a wheat module enriched in oxidative stress genes, we identified a gene encoding FgKnr4, a protein containing a Knr4/Smi1 disordered domain. Through comprehensive analysis, we confirmed the pivotal role of FgKnr4 in various biological processes, including oxidative stress tolerance, cell cycle stress tolerance, morphogenesis, growth, and pathogenicity. Further studies confirmed the observed phenotypes are partially due to the involvement of FgKnr4 in regulating the fungal cell wall integrity pathway by modulating the phosphorylation of the MAP-kinase MGV1. Orthologues of the FgKnr4 gene are widespread across the fungal kingdom but are absent in other Eukaryotes, suggesting the protein has potential as a promising intervention target. Encouragingly, the restricted growth and highly reduced virulence phenotypes observed for ΔFgknr4 were replicated upon deletion of the orthologous gene in the wheat fungal pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici. Overall, this study demonstrates the utility of an integrated network-level analytical approach to pinpoint genes of high interest to pathogenesis and disease control.
Towards the 2024 Indonesian Elections: The Use of the Indonesian General Election Commission`s Twitter Account
Authors: Prabawa Windhi Gita , Rahmawati Dian Eka , Purwaningsih Titin
Published: January 2025

Social media platforms have become one of the most important online spaces for political communication. The General Election Commission as the organizer of the election must be able to use social media to socialize the stages of the election that have been and will be held. By focusing on the use of Twitter in Indonesia, this research examines how the Indonesian General Election Commission is using the Twitter platform for socialization towards the 2024 general election. Researchers used a qualitative descriptive approach. The data is sourced from the KPU RI Twitter account with the account name @KPU_ID, then processed using Qualitative Data Software Analysis (QDSA), namely NVivo 12 Plus. The results show that the intensity of electoral content socialization delivered by KPU accounts has different intensities. The highest percentage of socialized content is Political Parties with 55%, Updating voter data at 17%, Formulation of Regulations at 16%, and Electoral districts with a percentage of 12%. However, while the intensity of KPU_ID tweets is very high, the reaction of followers to the presented content is very low because the information presented is not detailed. When using social media to communicate with their followers, KPU can provide a clear information reference to increase follower feedback. A clear reference to followers is crucial in exploring representational linkages between KPU and followers.
Pathology Of Political Parties Towards 2024 Election Year
Authors: Hawari Alhilal Yusril , Suwaryo Utang , Kartini Dede Sri
Published: January 2025

This research aims to discover the pathologies or diseases in political parties significantly ahead of the 2024 election year—taken from many sources, both unwritten and written sources from what has been obtained by researchers sourced from written data. The technique of collecting data in this study uses documentation or is called (Library Study), makes quotations, and performs data analysis with this Documentation Technique, such as books, journals, and other written sources. The results of this study explain that political parties in Indonesia have various pathologies or diseases, both in terms of party bodies and cadres within the party, which can affect the life of democracy for the people of Indonesia. The pathology of political parties can be resolved with the presence of cadres in political parties, improving party financial management and education for political party cadres.
A kormányzati támogatások hatása a járműipari vállalatok pénzügyi teljesítményére az Ipar 4.0 korában Magyarországon
Authors: Halmosi Péter
Published: January 2025

A járműipar kormányzati támogatása egyike a gazdaságpolitika örökzöld témaköreinek. Az elmúlt évtizedekben a költségvetés terhére nyújtott jelentős összegű támogatások jelentős hatással voltak a külföldi működőtőke beáramlására, a kutatás-fejlesztésre, a technológiatranszferre, valamint a beszállítói kapcsolatok fejlődésére. A 2011-ben Németországból elfogadott Ipar 4.0 kezdeményezés a járműipari vállalatok működésére is hatást gyakorol. Bár az Ipar 4.0 és a járműipar kapcsolatával számos kutatás foglalkozik, a kormányzati támogatások pénzügyi teljesítményre gyakorolt hatásait kevesen vizsgálták ezidáig. A szerző a cikkben azt vizsgálja, mennyiben figyelhető meg eltérés a hazai járműipari vállalkozások pénzügyi teljesítményében az ún. egyedi kormányzati döntés (EKD) útján nyújtott támogatások által. A kutatás rámutat, hogy az EKD támogatásban részesült, kizárólag külföldi tulajdonban lévő vállalkozások eszközforgás és profitabilitás mutatói markánsan eltérnek a növekvő profittal rendelkező külföldi és romló profitabilitással jellemezhető hazai tulajdonban lévő, EKD támogatásban nem részesült vállalatokhoz képest.
Numéro 187 - janvier 2025
Authors: Bertrand Aurélie , Bodart Vincent , Clarr Margaux , De Bundel Florian , De Pierpont Charles , Guillet Alain , Lachapelle Nathan , Notte Vincent , Van Keirsbilck Leïla
Published: January 2025

Au 3ème trimestre 2024, l’économie belge a progressé de 0,3% comparativement au trimestre précédent, ce rythme de croissance étant similaire à celui des deux premiers trimestres. Nos estimations indiquent que l’économie belge a conservé ce rythme de croissance au 4ème trimestre, ce qui porte sa croissance moyenne sur l’ensemble de l’année à 1,0%.
En 2025, la croissance de l’économie belge devrait rester modeste. Fin 2024, la confiance des ménages et celle des entreprises étaient en effet toujours fragiles. En particulier, la conjoncture industrielle demeure fortement déprimée, en raison d’une faiblesse persistante de la demande. L’emploi n’a par ailleurs que très faiblement progressé en 2024. Du fait de la baisse de l’inflation et des taux d’intérêt, la croissance de l’économie belge pourrait néanmoins être un peu plus soutenue qu’elle ne l’a été en 2024. Nous prévoyons ainsi qu’elle atteindra 1,3% en base annuelle moyenne. Elle serait à nouveau principalement soutenue par la consommation des ménages même si l’investissement et les exportations pourraient se raffermir en seconde partie d’année.
En 2025, les créations d’emploi devraient progressivement redevenir plus nombreuses, ce qui aura pour effet de freiner la progression du chômage (cf. résumé des prévisions).
Fin 2024, le taux d’inflation générale était de 3,2%, comparativement à 1,4% fin 2023. L’inflation devrait recommencer à faiblir en 2025, où elle atteindrait 1,8% en fin d’année.
Résumé des prévisions

L’économie belge devrait croître de 1,3% en 2025.
L’emploi augmenterait de 39.000 unités entre fin 2024 et fin 2025.
Le nombre de demandeurs d’emploi inoccupés augmenterait de 10.000 unités entre fin 2024 et fin 2025.
L’inflation générale des prix à la consommation s’élèverait en moyenne à 2,4% en 2025.
Le déficit budgétaire des administrations publiques s’élèverait à 4,7% en 2025.
Взаимосвязь одиночества и образа жизни в пожилом возрасте
Authors: Карева Дарья Евгеньевна , Стужук Дарья Андреевна , Амшаринская Станислава Юрьевна
Published: January 2025

Феномен одиночества может оцениваться и изучаться в рамках различных подходов. В данной работе анализируется субъективное и объективное одиночество, определяемые как чувство одиночества (шкала UCLA) и социальная изоляция (одинокое проживание и редкие личные контакты) соответственно. При этом восприятие одиночества как позитивного или негативного состояния может определять предрасположенность к сокращению личных контактов или усилению субъективных переживаний. В пожилом возрасте происходит постепенный переход к новому жизненному этапу, сопряженному со сменой ролей, сокращением социальных контактов, изменением образа жизни, что повышает риски одиночества и обусловливает актуальность изучения этой группы населения.
Целью исследования является оценка взаимосвязи чувства одиночества и социальной изоляции с образом жизни пожилых в России, а также сопоставление предикторов, влияющих на субъективное и объективное одиночество. Эмпирически работа опирается на данные онлайн-опроса, репрезентирующего россиян 20―74 лет, имеющих доступ к интернету. К пожилым в работе относится население 50―74 лет. Для оценки взаимосвязи одиночества и образа жизни построены бинарные логистические регрессии отдельно для объективного и субъективного показателей одиночества. Образ жизни пожилых определяется как совокупность досуговых активностей (физической, социальной, развлекательной, образовательной и общественной деятельности) и психологических конструктов, которые могут обусловливать психоэмоциональное состояние пожилых, их предпочтения и отношение к одиночеству (шкала тревожности и депрессии PHQ-4, дифференциальный опросник переживания одиночества ДОПО-3к).
Анализ свидетельствует, что субъективное одиночество (чувство одиночества), в отличие от социальной изоляции, связано с более высокой потребностью в общении и меньшей предрасположенностью к позитивному восприятию одиночества. Регулярное участие в волонтерской деятельности или оказании помощи близким способствует снижению чувства одиночества, как и посещение развлекательных мероприятий. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы при разработке адресной политики в интересах старшего поколения и развитии программ активного долголетия в России.
Благодарность. Статья подготовлена в рамках гранта, предоставленного Министерством науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (№ соглашения о предоставлении гранта: 075-15-2022-325). Авторы выражают благодарность О.В. Синявской за рекомендации по усовершенствованию исследования.
Transpedicular implantation using a two-part navigation template in extremely small pedicles
Authors: Kosulin A. V. , Elyakin D. V. , Saburova D. A. , Gordievskikh O. A. , German A. D. , Bulatova I. A.
Published: January 2025

Objective. To explore results of transpedicular screws insertion in extremely small pedicles using two-part navigation template.

Material and Methods. Eleven consecutive patients with spinal deformities were included in the study. During surgery pedicle screws were implanted using two-part navigation templates with metallic adapter that allow to guide screw insertion as well as pedicle drilling (total of 98 screws including 60 screws in pedicle width lesser than 3.5 mm). Retrospective control group consisted of 46 patients treated using common design navigation templates that guide pedicle drilling only (total of 294 screws including 106 screws in pedicle width lesser than 3.5 mm). Malpositions with “empty” correct transpedicular channel and without one were reported separately.

Results. In extremely small pedicles malposition without “empty” transpedicular channel (due to navigation template misplacement) rates were similar in both groups (8.3 % vs. 8.5 %; p > 0.05). Meanwhile malposition with “empty” transpedicular channel (because of secondary screw deviation) rate was significantly less in two-part template group than in common design template group (3.6 % vs. 17.5 %; p < 0.05).

Conclusion. In pedicle width less than 3.5 mm application of two-part navigation template guiding transpedicular channel drilling and screw insertion allows to reduce the rate of malposition due to secondary screw deviation significantly, while the difference in malposition rate because of template misplacement is insignificant as compared with navigation template of common design.
Osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma of the spine in children: features of intravertebral zoning and results of surgical treatment with a follow-up of at least one year
Authors: Malamashin D. B. , Mushkin A. Yu.
Published: January 2025

Objective. To analyze the features of zonal localization of osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma and the results of their surgical treatment in pediatric patients.

Material and Methods. The data of 41 children aged 4 to 17 years who underwent surgery for osteoid osteoma (29) and osteoblastoma (12) of the vertebrae were compared retrospectively within a monocentric cohort. The features of the tumor zonal location and the results of surgical treatment were assessed taking into account the risk of relapse and the need for instrumental stabilization.

Results. Osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma are localized in the posterior structures of the vertebrae (sectors 2–4 and 9–11 according to the Weinstein – Boriani – Biagini classification) in 93 and 75 %, respectively, with a predominance of right-sided localization of osteoid osteoma (sector 9–11). Osteoid osteomas are predominantly located in zones B and C, while the spread of osteoblastomas to zone D indicates a more aggressive course with the possibility of developing neurological symptoms in 50 % of cases. Complete removal of tumors in the volume of marginal resection due to unilateral localization in the posterior elements of the vertebra is safe and allows, in the absence of intraoperative destabilization, to complete the operation without additional instrumental fixation; local bone fusion is sufficient to prevent local instability.

Conclusion. Osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma of the vertebrae in children differ in localization, zoning according to the Weinstein – Boriani – Biagini classification, and clinical aggressiveness of the course. Features of intraorgan zoning of tumors with proximity to nerve structures limit the use of ablation technologies, while wide marginal resection provides a full-fledged cure. The need for instrumental stabilization of the spine depends on the volume of resection.
Nonspecific craniovertebral spondylitis: features of surgical tactics
Authors: Lisitsky I. Yu. , Khomenko V. A. , Lychagin A. V. , Zarov A. Yu. , Korkunov A. L. , Cherepanov V. G. , Vyazankin I. A. , Tselishcheva E. Yu.
Published: January 2025

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of surgical treatment of nonspecific spondylitis in the area of craniovertebral junction taking into account the clinical and pathomorphological features of the disease.

Material and Methods. The study included 11 patients with nonspecific craniovertebral spondylitis: 4 women and 7 men aged 31 to 75 years. In 8 patients, the clinical picture was represented by neurological symptoms, and in 3 – by pain syndrome. Combined interventions were performed in 7 patients who had compression of the spinal cord and medulla oblongata. Of these, 5 patients first underwent transoral decompression, and then occipitospondylodesis. In the rest patients, the sequence of surgical treatment had the reverse order. In 6 cases, combined operations were performed simultaneously, and in one case — with an interval of 7 days. In one patient, the first stage was external ventricular drainage of hydrocephalus due to occlusion of the cerebrospinal fluid pathways by a displaced odontoid process, and the second stage was transoral decompression. Patients with pain syndrome underwent occipitospondylodesis. In one case, after combined surgery, ventriculoperitoneal shunting was performed for aresorptive hydrocephalus that developed after meningitis.

Results. In 10 patients, the pain intensity according to VAS decreased by 5–7 points (6.3 on average) in the postoperative period. Out  of 8 patients with conductor symptoms, regression of neurological disorders after surgery was achieved in 3, complete recovery (Frankel E) in 4, and one patient died of purulent ventriculitis. Control examination of 10 patients confirmed the relief of the inflammatory process and the absence of compression of the spinal cord and medulla oblongata. Among the early postoperative complications, one case of  postoperative liquorrhea and the divergence of the edges of the wound of the posterior pharyngeal wall were recorded. Fracture of metal structure elements was observed in one patient 3 years after surgery.

Conclusion. In nonspecific craniovertebral spondylitis, an active surgical tactic is justified. Occipitospondylodesis at an early stage of the disease allows to eliminate atlantoaxial instability and prevent the associated risk of neurological complications. In conduction disorders, if the patient’s condition allows, simultaneous transoral decompression and craniocervical fixation is the best option for surgical treatment of nonspecific spondylitis of the craniovertebral region. Preservation of mobility in the cervical spine facilitates the transoral stage, therefore occipitospondylodesis is advisable to be performed at the second stage.
Growth-inhibiting Activity of Transcription Factor C/EBPα, Its Role in Haematopoiesis and Its Tumour Suppressor or Oncogenic Properties in Leukaemias
Authors: Fuchs Ota
Published: January 2025

The CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα or CEBPA) is the founding member of a family of related leucine zipper transcription factors that play important roles in myeloid differentiation. Targeted inactivation of C/EBPα in mice demonstrates its importance in the proper development and function of liver, adipose tissue, lung and haematopoietic tissues. C/EBPα is highly expressed in these differentiated tissues where it controls differentiation-dependent gene expression and inhibits cell proliferation. Learning more about the precise molecular functions of the C/EBPα protein and how these are affected by leukaemogenic mutations should lead to an improved understanding of the cellular functions that are disrupted in patients with AML. Decreased expression of C/EBPα but not C/EBPα mutation has been shown in patients with granulocytic leukaemias that are associated with translocations t(8;21), inv (16) or t(15;17). Derived fusion proteins repress C/EBPα expression. Differentiation therapy of some AML types is based on restoring C/EBPα function. However, apparently normal C/EBPα is overexpressed in BCP-ALL harbouring the translocation t(14; 19)(q32; q13). C/EBPα may exhibit oncogenic as well as tumour suppressor properties in human leukaemogenesis. C/EBPα mutations were not found in non-haematopoietic cancers. DNA hypermethylation of the upstream C/EBPα promoter region is responsible for very low C/EBPα expression in human lung and endometrial cancer. C/EBPα expression may be a biomarker for early detection of these cancers and DNA-modifying drugs such as demethylating agents and/or histone deacetylase inhibitors could be used in the treatment of these malignancies.
Sowing methods and weed management for yield maximization in wet direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Senthil Kumar G , Sritharan N , Suresh R , Manonmani S , Srivani Gomasa , Bharathi C , Parasuraman P , Subrahmaniyan K
Published: January 2025

Wet direct-seeded rice has emerged as a viable alternative to traditional transplanted rice, overcoming labour and water scarcity challenges while mitigating rising cultivation costs. However, effective weed management practices are required to prevent severe yield losses due to heavy weed infestation. A field experiment was conducted during the Kharif seasons of 2020, 2021, and 2022 at the Department of Rice, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University in Coimbatore. The objective was to investigate various sowing methods and weed management practices to maximize yield in wet direct-seeded rice, utilizing a split-plot design with three replications. The results indicated that the paddy drum seeding method resulted in lower weed density, reduced weed dry weight, a higher number of productive tillers/m2 and a higher grain yield than other sowing methods. Among the weed management practices, the sequential use of pre-emergence (PE) Pretilachlor, followed by the early post-emergence (EPOE) herbicide bispyribac sodium for the first and second weed flushes at 25 and 45 days after sowing (DAS), effectively reduced both weed density and dry weight, while producing the highest number of productive tillers/m2 and resulted in a significantly higher grain yield of 5277 kg/ha compared to other sowing methods. Thus, the paddy drum seeded method, combined with the sequential application of PE herbicide pretilachlor @ 0.75 kg/ha at 8 DAS fb EPoE herbicide Bispyribac sodium @ 25 g/ha for the 1st & 2nd weed flushes at 25 & 45 DAS, effectively enhances productivity and weed control in wet direct-seeded rice.
Impact of moisture deficit stress at critical growth stages on growth and yield of hybrid maize
Authors: Reemala N , Sanbagavalli S , Sivamurugan A P , Vanitha K , Kumari V V N
Published: January 2025

A field experiment was conducted in field no. 37F of Eastern Block Farm at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India, during the summer season (January-May) of 2024 to assess the impact of moisture deficit stress at critical growth stages (knee high stage, tasselling, and grain filling stages) on growth and yield of hybrid maize. The growth parameters like plant height and dry matter production were significantly affected by moisture deficit stress. Significant decrease in the yield attributes such as cob length (cm), cob weight (g), number of grains per cob, 100-grain weight, shelling percentage (%), grain yield (kg/ha), and stover yield (kg/ha) was observed. Moisture deficit stress at the vegetative stage significantly reduced plant height and leaf area index. Studies revealed that grain yield and dry matter are significantly reduced in the reproductive stage (T4) and grain filling stage (T6) compared to control plants provided with irrigation at all critical growth stages (T7). The yield reduction was found to be higher at moisture stress for 20 days from tassel initiation (41%) and grain filling stage (34%) when compared with the irrigation without moisture stress (T7-control). The study concluded that moisture stress for 20 days from the tassel initiation stage caused more yield reduction (T4) followed by the grain-filling stage (T6). Moisture stress is more detrimental at the reproductive stage compared to the vegetative stage on maize yield.
La espada en el jardín. Presencia de José María Morelos en la izquierda mexicana, 1929-1965
Authors: Ortega Reyna Jaime
Published: January 2025

La izquierda mexicana se sumó a la promoción del “culto a [José María] Morelos”, es decir, a la conformación de un sentido totalizante de la historia a partir de la figura del caudillo independentista. Esta proyección hacia dicha figura operaba como un puente entre el pasado y su épica libertaria y el presente, marcado por diversas coyunturas. Con Morelos se ensayó un ejercicio de nacionalizar las ideas del socialismo y el comunismo. El texto muestra los derroteros de esta disputa por una figura insigne de la conformación de la nación, así como las variaciones que tuvo a lo largo de las diversas décadas.
ALHAMAT: analysing materiality of the Alhambra to elucidate the Nasrid dynasty's power in the Emirate of Granada
Authors: Cardell Carolina , García-Contreras Guillermo , Koffler Teresa , Ríos-Jiménez Juan Manuel , García-Porras Alberto , Alejandre-Sánchez Javier , Sánchez-Mesa Domingo , De La Torre-Espinosa Mario , Mattei Luca , Rodríguez-Sánchez David , Cano-Padilla Emilio , Losilla Nicolás , Cardell Esther , Nieto José Miguel , Martínez-Avila Fernando
Published: January 2025

The Nasrid emirate of southern Iberia emanated power through architecture; this project aims to better understand how this was made possible, via an interdisciplinary exploration of the Alhambra monument and other Al-Andalus constructions. Initial results of archaeological campaigns, structure chronologies and communication plans undertaken in 2021 and 2022 are presented.
Vozes inquietas em tempos brutos. O que as Ciências Sociais têm a dizer?
Authors: Lemões Tiago , Aderaldo Guilhermo , Menasche Renata
Published: January 2025

Apresentação
Trabalho e relações de classe em tempos de pandemia
Authors: Leal Eduardo Martinelli
Published: January 2025

Os trabalhadores têm enfrentado durante a pandemia do vírus Covid-19 uma grave violência estrutural, expostos ao vírus, à desinformação, ao temor pela morte de seus familiares, ao desemprego e a dura condição de não ter escolha. Mudanças legislativas como a emenda constitucional do teto de gastos, as reformas trabalhista e da previdência já haviam fragilizado e relativizado os direitos dos trabalhadores, situação que tornou ainda mais dramático o enfrentamento ao vírus. A dificuldade de acesso aos recursos mais básicos de prevenção aprofunda a vulnerabilidade das minorias como os povos indígenas e das camadas mais pobres da população à doença. As soluções a essas crises passam necessariamente pela atuação do Estado, garantindo e reforçando os direitos e garantias constitucionais.
O vírus e os materiais: uma Arqueologia da pandemia
Authors: Da Silva Lucas Antonio , Benites Tramasoli Felipe
Published: January 2025

As reflexões arqueológicas das últimas décadas tem substanciado uma maturação da disciplina. Fazer Arqueologia no final do primeiro quartel do século XXI é mais sobre problematizar as relações materiais entre humanos e não-humanos (em seus diferentes arranjos) do que construir narrativas sobre tempos que possam ser considerados “antigos” o suficiente. Diante disso e da atual Pandemia de COVID-19, resolvemos propor uma reflexão sobre como o conhecimento arqueológico pode se articular a um momento tão particular. Considerando a peculiaridade da materialidade quase inacessível de um vírus e a nossa sujeição a uma lógica global que se propõe a colocar a humanidade em um estado de torpor diante do mundo sensível, alertamos para o perigo de cedermos ao medo e à ignorância e começarmos a combatermos os corpos e não a doença. Assim, cabe à Arqueologia, no que diz respeito ao enfrentamento à doença, facilitar nossa reaproximação à vida sensível.
Contando Contágios: Arqueologia e História em Tempo(s) de Epidemia(s)
Authors: Wagner Gustavo Peretti , Da Silva Lucas Antônio
Published: January 2025

Na presente proposta desenvolvemos uma reflexão acerca das epidemias e doenças que marcaram a história da humanidade. Através de uma abordagem de interlocução entre a arqueologia e a história, propusemos uma narrativa  processual que abarcasse as epidemias, suas origens, dispersão e impactos nas transformações sociais: contamos contágios.
TRANSFORMACIONES EN LOS MODOS DE HABITAR TILCARA (JUJUY, ARGENTINA): REFLEXIONES ANTROPOLÓGICAS DESDE LA PANDEMIA
Authors: Carreras Jesica , Petit de Murat Facundo
Published: January 2025

En este trabajo nos proponemos dar cuenta de algunas transformaciones ocurridas en la dinámica y la fisonomía de Tilcara (Jujuy, Argentina) durante la pandemia del COVID-19 y el aislamiento. En el texto, dialogamos con otros y otras habitantes del pueblo, a quienes hemos entrevistado para esta ocasión. Nos concentramos, así, en dejar un registro etnográfico sobre los cambios en los modos de habitar Tilcara en cuanto a ciertas problemáticas que se han evidenciado en este contexto, relacionadas con la movilidad, la economía, las prácticas culturales y el sector sanitario. Con este horizonte, presentamos, en primer lugar, algunas características de la Tilcara pre-pandémica, luego ofrecemos un contexto general de la provincia, para finalmente analizar las transformaciones producidas en Tilcara durante la pandemia.
Janelas e Mascarillas: Florescencias Insurgentes em tempos de Pandemia
Authors: Kosby Marília , Nunes Juliana dos Santos , Rieth Flávia
Published: January 2025

Esse artigo tem a finalidade de apresentar algumas reflexões sobre o momento do isolamento social, bem como os sentimentos durante a pandemia e o processo de escape a partir do desenho, da fotografia e da poesia, problematizando esse devir com o vírus e apresentando as variadas maneiras de se pensar a antropologia na confluência com outras grafias.