bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A simple improvement of an off-grid solar photovoltaic panel using an integrated reflector
Authors: Wongrerkdee Sawitree , Kasemjit Patcharawadee , Moungsrijun Sasimonton , Sujinnapram Supphadate , Krobthong Sucheewan , Wongrerkdee Sutthipoj
Published: January 2022

This work presents a simple demonstration of a solar photovoltaic (PV) panel integrated with mirror reflectors to increase electric energy generation. The reflector was integrated with a PV panel and its angle was adjusted to an incline to optimize sunlight collection. Current and voltage generated by PV panel was recorded by an Arduino data logger. The integrated-reflector PV panel at an appropriate incline angle of 70 degrees presented a 9.38% increased electric energy beyond that of a conventional PV panel. This result was because the reflector provided greater sunlight to the PV panel. Therefore, this method can be used to increase solar PV panel performance without the installation of additional panels.
Should we teach free-body diagrams before or after Newton’s Laws?
Authors: Nuchsirikulaphong N , Emarat N , Arayathanitkul K
Published: January 2022

There are two interesting lesson sequences for teaching force and motion in high-school physics. These are teaching free-body diagrams before Newton’s laws (FbN) and teaching Newton’s laws before free-body diagrams (NbF). Both sequences were found in physics textbooks. Different authors adopted the sequence that they believe it would affect student understanding better. However, some physics experts did not agree with this. It is therefore interesting to know if we should teach with the FbN or NbF sequence. This motivates us to study the effect of such lesson sequences on student understanding of force and motion. The sample group was grade-10 students from two physics courses in 2020. One course was taught with the FbN sequence (29 students) and the other with the NbF sequence (34 students). Their understanding was evaluated by using an assessment test which consisted of three parts including (1) Newtonian concept, (2) problem solving, and (3) free-body diagrams. The result shows that for the Newtonian concept part, the average scores are 11% for the FbN and 13% for the NbF sequence. The average scores of the problem-solving part are 13% and 9% and those of the free-body diagram part are 41% and 48% for the FbN and NbF sequences, respectively. The scores of all parts between the two sequences were not significantly different. In addition, student difficulties found in all parts were similar. However, a larger number of students who could provide the equation of motion (F = ma) in the problem-solving part was found in the FbN sequence. We might conclude that teaching free-body diagrams before or after Newton’s laws did not affect student understanding in the topic of force and motion. Detail of student difficulties in both sequences will be further discussed.
Newton’s law of cooling experiment set using Arduino temperature sensor
Authors: Chanthamanee P , Jinda P , Mani M , Prasitpong S
Published: January 2022

The research aims to develop the experimental set of the temperature measurement in liquid by Arduino program displaying data on a smartphone via the Blynk application. The experimental set is composed of 1) 2 liquid temperature sensors (DS18B20 model), 2) Arduino program, and 3) LED screen for showing the temperature value in unit of °C and connect to a smartphone. The Arduino temperature sensor 1 and sensor 2 of the experimental set have 0.57% and 0.51% errors, respectively, compared with the temperature sensor of the B Smart Science Co., Ltd. company. The instrument is applied to the physics laboratory on Newton’s law of cooling to find the cooling rate of water and coffee. This low-cost instrument revealed high accuracy results and easy to connect with other devices.
Activities on reflection of light based on low-cost materials at eighth grade
Authors: Kittiravechote A , Thinarat N
Published: January 2022

Studying science through hands-on activities within the context of teaching and learning using local environments and resources has been recognized as a fundamental prerequisite of school curriculum in many developing countries, including Thailand. Accordingly, we are interested in implementing such a concept in designing science teaching and learning for middle school students that emphasizes student participation in the provision of materials and equipment for scientific activities. The purposes of this study are to design hands-on activities for eighth grade students on the topic of light reflection using low-cost materials, and then to examine the results after they are implemented. The experimental group consisted of 30 eighth grade students who were chosen at random in one room. The instruments used in the experiment were two types of achievement tests that were administered as pretests and posttests on the topics of light reflection on smooth and curved surfaces. The paired sample t-test was performed after the collection of data to determine students’ conceptual understanding. Our result displays a highly significant difference (p <.01) between the pretest score (39.7%) and posttest score (83.3%), indicating that students actively participated in hands-on activities and learned light reflection knowledge and skills through interaction and discussion with their classmates. We highlight the advantages of our study for science teachers in rural schools in ensuring students develop 21st Century Skills, which is an important part of STEM education.
Smartphones as detector the speed of sound: A classroom explanation and demonstration
Authors: Thongsuk T , Intanin A
Published: January 2022

This paper presents how smartphones determine the speed of sound (C) with a classroom explanation and demonstration to design a variety of lab instruments. Smartphone sensors such as mics and speakers were used as experimental tools by students for calculating the value of speed of sound. Mathematics is used to describe physics principles using only the mean of repetitive experimental results. After conducting an experiment with 43 students, majoring in general science, faculty of education and educational innovation, Kalasin University, the students report the value of the speed of sound nearly to theoretical values with a percentage difference of less than 0.1%, equipment used in everyday life in the classroom, equipment that is cheap, along with a simple calculation of speed of sound, is an advantage of this experiment.
The interactive computer simulation and learning activity for facilitating students’ conceptual understanding on the buoyant force through the CoSci learning platform
Authors: Wongsuwan Wachirawut , Huntula Jiradawan , Liu Chen-Chung
Published: January 2022

Learning science, especially in the physics field, there are many varieties of invisible and abstract phenomena that are hard and difficult for students to observe and learn. One of the tools that can help students to understand those phenomena in a better way is computer simulations. The computer simulations are usually used in both on-site classroom and on-line learning platforms. Learning in the COVID-19 pandemic era at present, the computer simulations are very important for helping students to understand the physics concept. Interactive computer simulation can be considered as one of the effective methods of facilitating inquiry learning in science, as it allows students to experience the scientific inquiry process and facilitates students to understand an abstract conception and to understand the relationship between variables of invisible phenomena more clearly in reasonable ways. This study aimed to develop the interactive computer simulation and learning activity for enhancing students’ conceptual understanding of the buoyant force on the CoSci learning platform. Totally eighteen participants were studied in the twelfth grade in science classrooms of a university-affiliated school project (SCiUS), Khon Kaen University, Thailand, in 2019. The learning activity was developed based on students’ alternative concepts and used to facilitate students’ conceptual understanding of the buoyant force. There were six basic concepts related to the buoyant force constructed based on the predict-observe-explain strategy (POE) with the interactive computer simulation (i.e., the CoSci learning platform) in the learning activity. The learning activity on the CoSci learning platform consisted of eight pie charts such as 1) main question pie chart, 2) density pie chart, 3) water level pie chart, 4) volume pie chart, 5) mass pie chart, 6) weight pie chart, 7) submerged depth pie chart, and 8) answer pie chart. There were six interactive computer simulations used in this research including 1) density simulation, 2) water level simulation, 3) volume simulation, 4) mass simulation, 5) submerged depth simulation, and 6) weight simulation. All of these simulations were developed on the CoSci learning platform (https://cosci.tw/). The findings showed that 72% of students performed better in the post-test scores than in the pre-test score in all six basic concepts related to the buoyant force after learning buoyant force on the CoSci platform. Furthermore, the most difficulty in changing misconception in learning of the buoyant force was the concept related to the mass of the object.
Development creativity of grade 5 students on electricity through STEM education
Authors: Sasangbong Supaluk , Huntula Jiradawan
Published: January 2022

The research aim was to develop creativity of grade 5 students through STEM education in electricity. There were 15 students of Grade 5 in Khon Kaen Province in 2020 participated in this study. The action research was implemented to this study with three loops of action research to improve creativity of students. The physics contents consisted of simple circuit, conductor, insulator, switch, connecting battery in a series circuit and a parallel circuit, series and parallel circuit and the motor connection. The fifteen lessons were separated into three loops of actions. Each loop of lessons consisted of three Predict-Observe-Explain (POE) lessons, and a lesson which is an Engineering design process lesson for designing product to improve student’s creativity in electricity. The students were fluent in designing various tasks to solve problems arising from a given classroom situation and had flexibility and elaboration in given reasons in selecting the materials to create the works. At the last lesson of the each action loops the data was collected to show how students improved their creativity. The student’s work and their presentation were evaluated by the creativity’s rubric scores in four dimensions of Originality, Fluency, Flexibility and Elaboration. The results show that student’s creativity were improve by STEM education in electricity. All dimension of creativity which are originality, fluency, flexibility and elaboration were improved from loop 1 to loop 3 of action research.
Development of a serial link transmitter for monolithic active pixel sensors
Authors: Zhou W. , Niu X. , Han W. , Li X. , Wang Q. , Zhao C.
Published: January 2022

In this paper, a 5-Gbps serial link transmitter has been designed for monolithic active pixel sensor. The serial link is designed in a commercial 130-nm CMOS technology with a power supply of 1.2 V. The transmitter consists of a 16b/20b encoder, a three-stage 20:1 serializer core, the CML driver with pre-emphasis function, and a high-speed receiver to deal with the external clock. The root mean square jitter of this serial link transmitter is 2.2 ps, indicating a bit error rate of 1 × 10−14. This paper will discuss the design and performance of this serial link transmitter.
Pragmatic method for fast programming of hybrid photon counting detectors
Authors: Bacchi C. , Dawiec A. , Orsini F.
Published: January 2022

It is now been over 15 years since Hybrid Photon Counting Detectors (HPCD) became one of the standard position-sensitive detectors for synchrotron light sources and X-ray detection applications. This is mainly due to their single-photon sensitivity over a high dynamic energy range and electronic noise suppression thanks to energy thresholding. To reach those performances, all HPCD pixels must feature the same electrical response against photons of the same energy. From the analysis of a monochromatic beam, in case of an ideal HPCD detector, it would be sufficient to apply a fixed voltage threshold among all pixels, positioned at half of the mean pulse amplitude to count every photon above the threshold. However, in practical cases, it must be considered that noise baselines from all pixels are not always strictly located at the same voltage level but can be spread over some voltage ranges. To address this kind of issue, most of all HPCDs apply a conventional threshold equalization method, that mainly relies on three steps; the setting of a global threshold at an arbitrary value, the identification of pixels noise baseline around that global threshold through an in-pixel threshold trimmer, and the computation of the required threshold offsets for setting all pixels at their own noise baseline at the same time. However, in case of a first-time use of an HPCD prototype, the threshold equalization might be biased by parameters that are wrongly set. Those biases can sometimes be characterized by the inability to localize some pixel noise baselines, which could be outside the voltage range of the threshold trimmer. The recovery of those biased pixels could be performed by changing the position of the global threshold, or by increasing the voltage range of the threshold trimmer. Unfortunately, both solutions could be time consuming due to the lack of information on the required steps for recovering all noise baselines. In order to overcome this issue in a reasonable time, this work introduces a pragmatic method that can be applied to HPCDs for an early and effective identification of appropriate pixels’ parameters, avoiding the need to test a high number of pixels configurations. The application of this method, at the early stage of the HPCD calibration, may drastically reduce the investigation time for finding the optimal operating parameters of HPCD prototypes.
3D TSV hybrid pixel detector modules with ATLAS FE-I4 readout electronic chip
Authors: Fritzsch T. , Huegging F. , Mackowiak P. , Zoschke K. , Rothermund M. , Owtscharenko N. , Pohl D.-L. , Oppermann H. , Wermes N.
Published: January 2022

The through silicon via (TSV) technology has been introduced in a wide range of electronic packaging applications. Hybrid pixel detectors for X-ray imaging and for high-energy physics (HEP) can benefit from this technology as well. A 3D TSV prototype using the ATLAS FE-I4 readout electronic chip is described in this paper. This type of readout chip is already prepared for the TSV backside process providing a TSV landing pad in the first metal layer of the backend-of-line (BEOL) layer stack. Based on this precondition a TSV backside via-last process is developed on ATLAS FE-I4 readout chip wafer. The readout chip wafers were thinned to 100 µm and 80 µm final thickness and straight sidewall vias with 60 µm in diameter has been etched into the silicon from wafer backside using deep reactive ion etching (DRIE). The filling of the TSVs and the formation of the wafer backside interconnection were provided by a copper electroplating process. ATLAS FE-I4 readout chips with through silicon vias has been successfully tested, tuned and operated. In addition, hybrid pixel detector modules have been flip chip bonded using ATLAS FE-I4 TSV readout chips and planar sensor chips. After mounting the bare modules onto a support PCB, its full functionality has been verified with a source scan.
Nucleation efficiency of nuclear recoils in bubble chambers
Authors: Durnford D. , Piro M.-C.
Published: January 2022

Bubble chambers using liquid xenon (and liquid argon) have been operated (resp. planned) by the Scintillating Bubble Chamber (SBC) collaboration for GeV-scale dark matter searches and CEνNS from reactors. This will require a robust calibration program of the nucleation efficiency of low-energy nuclear recoils in these target media. Such a program has been carried out by the PICO collaboration, which aims to directly detect dark matter using C3F8 bubble chambers. Neutron calibration data from mono-energetic neutron beam and Am-Be source has been collected and analyzed, leading to a global fit of a generic nucleation efficiency model for carbon and fluorine recoils, at thermodynamic thresholds of 2.45 and 3.29 keV. Fitting the many-dimensional model to the data (34 free parameters) is a non-trivial computational challenge, addressed with a custom Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach, which will be presented. Parametric MC studies undertaken to validate this methodology are also discussed. This fit paradigm demonstrated for the PICO calibration will be applied to existing and future scintillating bubble chamber calibration data.
Macroporous methacrylated hyaluronic acid hydrogel with different pore sizes for in vitro and in vivo evaluation of vascularization
Authors: Lu Daohuan , Zeng Zhiwen , Geng Zhijie , Guo Cuiping , Pei Dating , Zhang Jin , Yu Shan
Published: January 2022

Vascularization of thick hydrogel scaffolds is still a big challenge, because the submicron- or nano-sized pores seriously restrict endothelial cells adhesion, proliferation and migration. Therefore, porous hydrogels have been fabricated as a kind of promising hydrous scaffolds for enhancing vascularization during tissue repairing. In order to investigate the effects of pore size on vascularization, macroporous methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) hydrogels with different pore sizes were fabricated by a gelatin microspheres (GMS) template method. After leaching out GMS templates, uniform and highly interconnected macropores were formed in hydrogels, which provided an ideal physical microenvironment to induce human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) migration and tissue vascularization. In vitro results revealed that macroporous hydrogels facilitated cells proliferation and migration compared with non-macroporous hydrogels. Hydrogels with middle pore size of 200–250 μm (HAMA250 hydrogels) supported the best cell proliferation and furthest 3D migration of HUVECs. The influences of pore sizes on vascularization were then evaluated with subcutaneous embedding. In vivo results illustrated that HAMA250 hydrogels exhibited optimum vascularization behavior. Highest number of newly formed blood vessels and expression of CD31 could be found in HAMA250 hydrogels rather than in other hydrogels. In summary, our results concluded that the best pore size for endothelial cells migration and tissue vascularization was 200–250 μm. This research provides a new insight into the engineering vascularized tissues and may find utility in designing regenerative biomaterial scaffolds.
Evaluation of the Quality of Drinking Water and Rivers in the Mantaro Valley, Central Peru
Authors: Aylas-Quispe A , Campos-Llantoy A , Perez-Cordova M , Alvarez-Montalván C.E. , Camargo-Hinostroza S.
Published: January 2022

The quality of river water is essential for the survival of living beings, whether for agricultural, livestock or human consumption. This study was carried out in the province of Junín, in different districts of Huancayo, the analysis of the samples was carried out in the continental university, from which the data were obtained for comparisons. This investigation revealed that the Chanchas river water has a higher concentration of pollutants during the afternoons since the pH is 8.69 (alkaline), being within the environmental quality standards, however these waters are not recommended for irrigation because it would cause plants do not absorb nutrients properly. Likewise, it was shown that the pH values of the drinking water of the four districts are similar, being 7.36, verifying that it is within the maximum permissible limit and suitable for consumption.
Socio-Economic Assessment on Flood Risk Impact: A Methodological Review Toward Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Samsuddin A , Kaman Z K , Mat Husin N
Published: January 2022

The disastrous events of land flooding prompt an urgency to flood risk management to counterpart this issue with the concept of flood damage divided into four types: direct, indirect, tangible, and intangible. This paper reviewed previous articles regarding flood risk management with a specific focus on methods used for socio-economic impact assessment towards ensuring a sustainable environment. The methodological approach can be sorted into four (4) main types group which are i) historical disaster statistic method, ii) index system method, iii) scenario simulation analysis, and iv) GIS-based approach. Among others, the integrated GIS-based approach becomes the most practical method in conducting socio-economic assessment for flood risk impact. As most of the socio-economic impact-based studies are conducted in western countries, this paper proposed the idea that for different types of countries such as the Asian countries, differences in topography, weather and seasons will lead to a different scale or possibly different types of socio-economic impact, which may require a new approach of assessing the impact. It is also proposed that any socioeconomic and environmental impact assessment needs to explicitly consider both direct and indirect impact. This is to ensure the approach used is holistic, valid, reliable, and more accurately reflect the real nature of the respective flood risk while the gap of the studies also can be identified.
Role of Eco-Friendly Bio-Based Graphene-Oil Nanofluids on Friction Reduction for Wind Turbine Application
Authors: Ng K P , Liew K W , Lim E
Published: January 2022

Sustainable energy such as wind turbine is known as a green technology that minimize the carbon emission into environment. However, unwanted friction and wear in journal bearing of a wind turbine’s gearbox leads to reduction of power efficiency and increase the reliance onto fossil-fuel powered electricity. Lubricating oils are used in journal bearing to provide the hydrodynamic lubrication film. However, commercially available lubricants are petroleum-based, which are non-replenishable and toxic. Thus, the bio-degradable vegetable oil, high oleic palm oil-based methyl ester (high oleic POME) was used as a base oil synthesized with graphene nanoplatelets (GNP), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and nanostructured graphite (NSG), respectively, to enhance the friction and wear reduction. The tribological performance of each type of bio-based graphene-oil nanofluid was studied using pin-on-ring tribo-tester. It is concluded that NSG in high oleic POME shows 52.03% friction coefficient reduction and 59.27% pin specimen weight loss reduction. With this significant friction and wear reduction, power efficiency of wind turbine will be improved significantly. Thus, the reliance of society depending on fossil-fuel powered electricity can be reduced and minimize the carbon emission into the environment.
The Effect Mechanisms of Intake Manifold Water Injection on the Emissions of a Natural Gas Engine
Authors: Qin Qichao , Chen Youpeng , Qin Zhuogeng , Tu Chaoqun
Published: January 2022

NOx is the main emission of lean burn natural gas engine (NGE). Water injection (WI) is an effective method to reduce NOx, which has been widely studied in conventional fuel engine. Currently, there are few researches on the application of WI in NGE. The influences of WI on NGE are not clear. In the paper, the effect mechanisms of WI on the emissions of NGE are studied. Based on the thermodynamic properties of water and the combustion mechanism of natural gas, the emissions generation mechanism of NGE with WI was analyzed. According to the experimental system, the effects of intake manifold water injection (IMWI) on the emissions of a lean burn NGE was carried out. The results show that, with WI, the in-cylinder temperature decreased greatly, which effectively inhibited the formation of thermal NO. Water generated a lot of OH groups, which effectively inhibited the formation of rapid NO. At 1800 rpm and 0.92g/s WI rate, NOx is reduced by 70.4%. OH group could effectively promote CO oxidize to CO2. At 1000 rpm and 0.92g/s WI rate, CO is decreased by 22.2%. However, since the decrease of the total activation energy of combustion reaction, the chain breaking reaction increased, resulting in a significant increase in HC. At 800rpm and 0.92g/s WI rate, HC was increased by 11.6%.
Anaerobic Co-digestion of Press mud and Molasses-based Distillery Wastewater for Enhanced Biogas Production
Authors: Evidente R C , Almendrala M C , Caparanga A R , Pamintuan K R , Mendoza J A
Published: January 2022

With goals in determining the effect of diluting the distillery wastewater (DWW) and of varying the amount of DWW and press mud (PM), anaerobic co-digestion study was carried out at mesophilic condition in a 2-L Erlenmeyer flask, with a working volume of 800 mL for Batch 1 and 1500 mL for Batch 2 experiments. For Batch 1, two different ratios of DWW and tap water, with 2:3 and 3:2, were used to assess the effect of dilution on the methane yield, where same volumetric amount of PM was added. For Batch 2, following ratio of PM and DWW were used: a) 1:0, b) 1:1, c) 1:1, d) 2:1, and e) 1:2. All samples had the same amount of inoculum, except that Batch 1 samples had bagasse. The parameters that were assessed after 42 days of digestion were: pH, COD, BOD, TSS, VS, Cu, Ca, Mg, Mn, TOC, TN, and methane yield. For the effect of dilution, a significant difference in the methane yield between samples with higher and lower dilution ratio was seen, and in the first batch, the optimal dilution ratio of DWW and H2O, with 3:2 gave higher methane yield of 78.23% (v/v). Meanwhile, optimal volumetric ratio of DWW and PM from the Batch 2 experiments, with value of 1:2, gave the highest methane yield of 79.43% (v/v).
Enhancement of Microhardness and Tribological Properties of Recycled AA 6063 Using Energy-Efficient and Environment-Friendly Friction Stir Processing
Authors: Teo G S , Liew K W , Kok C K
Published: January 2022

In this study, the surface microhardness, friction and wear performance of recycled aluminium alloy 6063 were improved via an energy-efficient surface engineering technique known as friction stir processing. Different tool rotational speeds of 1200 rpm, 1400 rpm, 1600 rpm, 1800 rpm and 2000 rpm with a fixed feed rate of 30 mm/min were used to process the recycled aluminium alloy 6063. The effects of rotational speed on the microstructure, surface microhardness and tribological performance of the samples were analyzed. The results show that the samples produced at a stirring speed of 1200 rpm achieved the greatest enhancement of 25 % in surface microhardness, 37 % in wear resistance and 33 % reduction in friction coefficient. This has significant implications for environmental sustainability as a relatively low rotational speed, hence a low energy input, is sufficient to enhance the surface properties of recycled aluminium alloy 6063. The benefits of superior tribological properties of recycled aluminium alloy afforded by such an energy-efficient surface engineering method include reduced exploitation of new resources, reduced carbon footprint, and enhanced product sustainability and durability.
Estimationof Biomass and Carbon Sequestration by Non-Destructive Method in Dry Deciduous Forest of Shivpuri, Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Bung S , Rajmohan S , Bhutia S , Pandey H , Mitra M
Published: January 2022

The study aims to assess the plant biomass and carbon storage potential of the forests of Shivpuri, Madhya Pradesh, India. The study was carried out in Satanwada Range in Shivpuri Forest Division. A total of 96 quadrats of 10×10 m2 were laid. The non-destructive algometric method was used to estimate carbon sequestration. The results show that Acacia catechu (202 individuals/ha) dominated the forest, followed by Anogeissus pendula (90 individuals/ha). The total biomass of the forest was estimated to be 34.72±0.41t/ha, with Boswellia serrata (7.943t) recording the highest. The minimum biomass was recorded for Grewia sp (0.06t). The highest carbon content was found in B. serrata (3.97t; 25 individuals) followed by A. Catechu (2.92t; 195 individuals). Although A. catechu was dominant in the area, due to its lower girth class and young age, the net carbon storage was less than that of B. serrata. It was found that plots with higher carbon stock had higher species richness than plots composed of single species. Therefore, plantations of mixed native species should be preferred for future restoration activities as they are more efficient in sequestrating carbon than monoculture plantations.
Management Community of Communal Lands in the Andean Rural Community of San Roque de Huarmitá, Concepción, Junín, Peru
Authors: Bruno E , Ferrer J
Published: January 2022

In this research, the influence of community management of the rural Andean community of San Roque de Huarmitá on the condition of communal lands was analyzed: usufructuated lands (family management) and communal farm (collective management), through an evaluation of the institutional level (design principles) as an indicator of community self-management capacity and analysis of physical-chemical characteristics of soils. Research methods such as: ethnoknowledge and similarity analysis were also used. The results showed that the design principles were well implemented in relation to land use and that the physical-chemical properties differ significantly between the two types of communal lands, showing better fertility results in the usufruct lands. It was concluded that the Andean rural community has a robust level of self-management, that is, it has sustainable community management. Since the usufruct lands provide direct benefits to the families (good soil fertility and pasture production), while the communal farmlands, having extensive management, do not generate direct benefits. In other words, there is a prioritization for the care of the family resources before the community resources.
The Implementation of Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) Policy in Managing Oil Palm Plantation in Indonesia
Authors: Umayah Difa , Purnomo Eko Priyo , Fadhlurrohman Mochammad Iqbal , Fathani Aqil Teguh , Salsabila Lubna
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this research is to look at the governance of sustainable oil palm plantation development in Jambi Province through an analysis of the role of the Jambi Provincial Government’s policies in realizing sustainable oil palm plantation management. The study used a qualitative approach to explain current findings on the sustainable development of oil palm plantations in Jambi province. The data in this study used an analysis of Jambi Province policy documents related to the oil palm plantation sector’s growth and development. This study’s results indicate the Jambi Province local government’s commitment to realizing environmentally friendly oil palm plantations. These results can be seen from the legal, licensing, and limitation aspects by applying the 7 ISPO principles, namely the application of oil palm development permits, application of technical guidelines for oil palm cultivation and management, environmental management and monitoring of oil palm plantations, responsibility for oil palm plantation workers palm oil, responsibility for the social community of oil palm plantations, empowerment of community economic activities and increase the sustainable business of palm oil plantations.
Comparative Study of Factors Affecting Dependency of Households on Dry Deciduous Forest in Shivpuri, Madhya Pradesh (India)
Authors: Pandey H , Rajmohan S , Bung S , Bhutia S Y
Published: January 2022

The rural and tribal communities of Madhya Pradesh’s Shivpuri District depend on forest resources for meeting their domestic energy needs, forest products, and employment. Under Green India Mission, households were randomly selected and surveyed. The data of 61 households from 3 villages of Satanwada range (dry deciduous forest) and 131 households from 4 villages in Pichhore range (dry deciduous scrub forest) was collected through semi-structured questionnaire interviews and direct observation. Generalised Linear Model was used to determine the major factors affecting fuelwood collection. The study revealed the factors affecting the amount of fuelwood collection in Satanwada and Pichhore. Family size of households near to the forest negatively affected the amount of fuelwood collected; opportunity cost of fuelwood collection was lower for them than for families living further away from the forest in Satanwada. In Pichhore, LPG consumption reduced the amount of fuelwood collected, while cow dung complimented the quantity of fuelwood collected. Since the availability of fuelwood was scarce, alternate energy resources became determining factors of the amount of fuelwood collected. In both ranges, the distance of the forest from households had a positive effect on the quantity of fuelwood consumed due to higher opportunity cost and degradation of adjacent forests. The study also revealed a strong correlation between the sampled population percentage of women in villages and the sampled village cattle count. The study also showed the difference of fuelwood collection in Satanwada (8.8 ± 0.6 kg) and Pichhore (6.8 ± 0.4 kg) suggesting that forest degradation correlates with lesser utilisation of forest resources. Hence, the study justifies the need of synergy between public rural provisions of alternative fuel sources with afforestation programs.
Trombe Walls – Characteristic, Overview and Simple Case Study for Different Climate Conditions
Authors: Oltarzewska A , Krawczyk D A
Published: January 2022

Currently, when we spend a significant part of the day indoors, paying attention to indoor air quality and thermal comfort rise to prominence. Sometimes, improving these issues could be really simple and possible by using passive solar systems like Trombe walls. Because the implementation of solar walls is still problematic due to numerous barriers connecting with a system management or effectiveness in summer or winter period, many of researchers try to find the solutions, which could optimize them. This paper characterizes the main issues of Trombe walls, presents the current state of research on solar walls and provides a simple simulation of a building with a Trombe wall performed in TRNSYS software, for 3 variants of the system and 4 locations with different climatic conditions. It was estimated that system with Trombe wall and control strategies allows the building to maintain thermal comfort for more than 20% of the year, but effectiveness of Trombe walls depends largely on the climatic conditions and they should be considered only as an auxiliary support for HVAC systems.
Chief Financial Officers and Corporate Sustainability: A Literature Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Alrazi B , Mat Husin N , Mohd Ali I , Nik Azman NAN , Mohd Nor MN
Published: January 2022

Societal and environmental risks dominated the top 10 risks in both likelihood and impact, according to the surveys conducted by the World Economic Forum. Against this background, there have been many cases demonstrating the disastrous financial impact of organisational failure to address societal and environmental risks. As a person whose responsibility is to assess financial risks of the organisation, there is increasing expectation for the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) to lead sustainability strategy and initiatives. This research serves to review the literature which highlights the roles and characteristics of CFOs essential for corporate sustainability. Drawing upon this and related literature examining the influence of CFOs on other accounting practices, it proposes a framework illustrating the potential relationships between CFO characteristics and corporate sustainability.
Determination of Alternative Design of Hornbill Estuary Embankment in Semarang City with Process Hierarchy Analysis Method
Authors: Purbangsa Y , Wahyudi S I , Rochim A
Published: January 2022

Rob’s condition in Semarang is exacerbated by the decrease in the soil level which has a part in the expansion of rob puddles. Therefore, this research is needed to determine the alternative design of the Tenggang River estuary embankment. Researchers collect data with interviews and surveys, then made analysis with Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method which is one of the decision making models in the selection of Embankment Design, the levee design consists of three selected design alternatives. This research focused on decision making based on perceptions of Professionals, Experts, Academics and community leaders.. Where the design of the Embankment consists of 3 alternative designs with priority factors based on analysis and equations of the criteria in the selection of the design, namely, topographic factors (0.133), geology (0.312), hydrology (0.125), Society (0.186), cost (0.113) and benefit (0.131).
Effect of sodium hydroxide concentration on the compressive strength of geopolymer mortar using fly ash PLTU Tanjungjati B Jepara
Authors: Kustirini A , Antonius  , Setiyawan P
Published: January 2022

Geopolymer concrete is concrete that uses environmentally friendly materials, using fly ash from waste materials from the coal industry as a substitute for cement. To produce geopolymer concrete, an alkaline activator is required, with a mixture of Sodium Hydroxide and Sodium Silicate. This research is an experimental study to determine the effect of variations in the concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 8 Mol, 10 Mol, 12 Mol, and 14 Mol on the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete. Mortar Geopolymer uses a mixture of 1: 3 for the ratio of fly ash and sand, 2.5: 0.45 for the ratio of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide as an alkaline solution. The specimens used a cube mold having dimension 5 cm x 5 cm x 5 cm, then tested at 7 days and 28 days. The test resulted that concentration of NaOH 12 Mol obtained the maximum compressive strength of geopolymer concrete, that is 38.54 MPa. At concentrations of 12 Mol NaOH and exceeding 12M, the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete decreased.
Analysis of Ciliwung river flood debit and city flood anticipation using floods early detection system (FEDS)
Authors: Biantoro A W , Wahyudi S I , Niam M F , Mahardika A G
Published: January 2022

This research is based on flood conditions that often occur in lowland areas such as Jakarta and Semarang. The problem faced is that the notification and early detection of floods is often late, done manually so that it cannot be anticipated by areas downstream of the river. Therefore, it is very important to be able to develop an IoT-based early warning tool so that floods can be detected early in a fast, real time, and immediately anticipated in the upstream area of the river. This research method uses design methods and experiments carried out in the field and laboratory. This research will present a prototype of the FEDS (Floods Early Detection System), based on the Blynk application. The results showed that the calculation of planned flood discharge with a return period of 2, 5, 10, 25 and 50 years can provide an overview of the ability of an area to face the maximum possible rainfall. The FEDS prototype tool, with the Blynk application, can work well using a microcontroller, ultra sonic sensor, and a rainfall sensor. This system is suitable for use in the community to determine rain conditions and water level conditions used at river water level conditions, for early notification of floods.
Fluid Behaviour Analysis on Liquefaction Using Korinofaction Device
Authors: Sentani A , Soedarsono  , Soeridjal E K
Published: January 2022

Earthquakes can be followed by liquefaction, which is a response of saturated soil when it is subjected to shock or stress that cause loss of soil strength or bearing capacity as an impact of the increasing of soil pore water and the loss of the soil stress’s effectiveness. This research using Korinofaction that work to cause cyclic loads or vibrations that come from DC servo motor with an adjustable speed and force. The earthquake’s strength is measured by the number of rpm measured on the digital tachometer. Korinofaction is equipped with plumbing system to observe fluid behaviour during liquefaction. The results of research showed that silty sand and silt was liquefied in VIII Modified Mercalli Intensity earthquake and cause the occurrence of water flow on the surface due to increase soil pore stress. The flow rate that triggers liquefaction in the silty sand is 6,769 × 10-5m3/second’ and silt is 5,0 × 10-5m3/second. The water flow that flows in the silty sand had permeability of 4,76 × 10-4Cm/secondwhile on the silt is 6,09 × 10-4Cm/second. After liquefaction, gradient hydraulic of silty sand is 4,76 mm and silt is 6,09 mm. Based on this research liquefaction caused mobilized debris flow and muddy debris flow.
Study of Flood Impact Handling in Pekalongan District
Authors: Salim M A , Siswanto A B , Mindiastiwi T
Published: January 2022

The flood disaster that occurred in Pekalongan district in February 2021 was caused by the high intensity of rain for one week with rainfall >50 mm/day and the ebb and flow of sea water due to tides reaching 0.9-1.1 meters. Other problems due to flooding in Pekalongan district are change in land use, land subsidence, waste, erosion-sedimentation, as well as operation and maintenance factors. Losses due to floods cause material and building losses and traffic conditions are paralyzed. The method used in this research is primary and secondary data collection, descriptive qualitative data processing by describing understanding, research approach with field observations. Flood handling that has been carried out is by adding an emergency sliding door to the drainage, procuring a mobile water pump with a capacity of 250 liters/second, a CCSP (Corrugated Concrete Sheet Pile) embankment, rehabilitation of the Bremi River floodgate, construction of a Mrican pump house with a capacity of 8×2 m3/second, and construction of a 2,200 meter long Silempeng earthen embankment. The emergency handling that was carried out during the floods of February 2021 was the opening of the Long Storage Silempeng-Sengkarang and the preparation of sandbags and large sacks for emergency handling.
Visual quality of Banjir Kanal Timur riverbank as a public open space in the city (Case study: Banjir Kanal Timur Jakarta)
Authors: Wardiningsih S , Wahyudi S I , Adi H P
Published: January 2022

The availability of public open spaces in urban areas is very urgent at this time, especially considering the need for public open spaces that can be used by urban communities, both as social areas and sports recreation. The existing condition along the canal edge requires improving the visual quality so that it can be used as a public open space. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the riverbank, as well as increasing the visual appeal to form public open spaces without reducing the ecological quality of the land and waters of the canal. The analysis method usesscenic beauty estimation, semantic, differentialto assess the visual quality at 10 capture points of the coastal riverbank landscape and those with a value less than - 20 have a low or poor visual quality value. In general, the riverbank has a moderate visual quality value because it has not been used properly. The final result of this research activity is as a reference for improving the visual quality ofBanjir Kanal Timur, thus creating a Public Open Space according to standart, safe, comfortable regulation for social interaction, sports recreation, education and concern for the ecological and hydrological aspects of the city.
Diurnal microclimate profile in tropical coastal built environment (case: Universitas Islam Sultan Agung campus area, Semarang)
Authors: Widyasamratri H , Poedjiastoeti H , Putra T A
Published: January 2022

Microclimate is caused by the interaction between atmosphere and earth surfaces in local areas. Built environment has pay attention in microclimate since it considerably affects the thermal earth surfaces. This research is located in tropical coastal area, specifically at Universitas Islam Sultan Agung Semarang campus area as a part of built environment where close to the Java sea. The aim of this paper is to investigate the diurnal pattern of microclimate in research location before modelled to the wider area. A numerical modelling method is applied in this research to simulate the diurnal thermal pattern. The research shows that microclimate is influenced by the earth surface objects and following the sun movement respectively.
Potential transfer of motorcycle mode to BRT Trans Semarang for students to campus in Semarang city
Authors: Oktari K , Haryadi B , Riyanto B
Published: January 2022

The movement of students requires means of a comfortable preferred mode of transportation with a high level of satisfaction. The aim of this research is to identify the characteristics of student trips in the city of Semarang, and to find out the factors for the transfer of motorcycleuse to the Trans Semarang BRT, and to determine steps to improve the choice of transportation modes for the Trans Semarang BRT. The study population was students of Universitas Diponegoro, Universitas Negeri Semarang and Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo. The sample was taken using a quota sampling technique, and the data was collected using a questionnaire. The results showed that the average trip frequency was one time per day, the average distance traveled was 5-6 km. Travel time is 20-29 minutes for motorcycleusers and 30-39 minutes for BRT Trans Semarang users. On the reason for choosing the mode there is a difference where students choose the motorcycle mode due to speed and practical factor, while students choose the BRT Trans Semarang mode because it is cheap. The dominant factor affecting the transfer of motorcycle to the Trans Semarang BRT towards the campus of students in the city of Semarang is that if on the way from the bus stop to the final destination there is no need to change transportation, there is a Passenger Information System at each stop, and a maximum waiting time of 5 minutes. Increasing the travel time is a step to improve the choice of transportation mode for the Trans Semarang BRT.
Analysis of the availability of water resources using the Thornthwaite-Matter water balance method with dual reservoir development in residential locations in Tangerang regency
Authors: Mulyadi D , Wahyudi S I , Soedarsono
Published: January 2022

Many settlements still use groundwater sources and this can cause a decrease in the ground water level. There is a need for alternative sources of water to meet the water needs of settlements. The purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude of the surplus or deficit of water in Tangerang Regency, Indonesia and also to determine the amount of water demand for the population in the region. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the planning of dual reservoirs in providing groundwater for residential areas in overcoming the problem of drought in the dry season. This research method uses Thornthwaite-Matter water balance analysis and multiple reservoir design planning. The results showed that the estimated water surplus occurred from January to April with a magnitude between 25.07 mm to 186.09 mm. The water deficit occurs from July to October with a magnitude between 127 mm to 219 mm. The pattern of water consumption in the household is used as a reference for making reservoirs to maintain the availability of air in residential areas. The dual reservoir will be equipped with sensors that can help determine the water level so that it is easy to detect water needs and can prevent water wastage.