bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NAS TEIAS DA (RE)SIGNIFICAÇÃO: A VIDA SOCIAL DAS ROUPAS E A DINAMICIDADE DO MERCADO DE SEGUNDA MÃO
Authors: Pinto Marcelo de Rezende , Zampier Ronan Leandro , Anjos Patrícia Daniela Souza dos , Ássimos Bruno Medeiros
Published: March 2022

RESUMOEste artigo relata resultados de uma pesquisa que buscou compreender as práticas socioculturais e os processos simbólicos presentes nas redes de significações relacionadas às roupas usadas no contexto de comunidades de baixa renda a partir da interação de diversos públicos, como “sacoleiras”, donos de brechós, doadores de roupas, consumidores e organizadores de bazares. Por meio de observação e 25 entrevistas em profundidade, conduzidas com indivíduos pertencentes a esses grupos e à luz da literatura sobre a cultura material e a vida social das coisas, chegamos à proposição de um esquema no qual foi possível articular diversas questões envolvendo a dinamicidade do mercado de roupas de segunda mão no contexto das comunidades de baixa renda. Nos diversos ciclos percebidos nessa dinâmica, cujos elementos centrais são o descarte e a compra, venda e empréstimo dessas roupas, relações sociais podem ser (re)construídas e significados culturais e simbólicos são continuamente (re)modelados, o que parece ser algo revelador para o campo da cultura e consumo.Palavras-chave: Cultura Material. Vida Social das Coisas. Roupas Usadas. ABSTRACTThis paper reports the results of a research that sought to understand the socio-cultural practices and symbolic processes present in the networks of meanings related to clothes used in the context of low-income communities through the interaction of different audiences such as “sacoleiras”, owners of thrift stores, donors clothing, consumers and bazaar organizers. Through observation and 25 in-depth interviews conducted with individuals belonging to these groups and in the light of the literature on the material culture and the social life of things, we arrived at the proposition of one of a scheme in which it was possible to articulate several issues involving dynamics second-hand clothing market in the context of low-income communities. In the various cycles perceived in this dynamic, whose central elements are the disposal and purchase, sale, loan of these clothes, social relations can be (re) constructed and cultural and symbolic meanings are continually (re) modeled, which seems to be something revealing for the field of culture and consumption.Key-words: Material Culture. Social Life of Things. Used Clothes.
Prestación de urgencias en Colombia de población migrante irregular venezolana: período 2017-2019
Authors: Seguanes-Díaz Claudia , Mancera-Guzmán Claudia , Bicenty-Mendoza Angela , Barrero-Romero John
Published: March 2022

Colombia está experimentando un proceso nuevo en su historia, por cuanto en esta materia no se había registrado fenómenos importantes de migración hacia nuestro país, el Estado ha tenido que asumir el fenómeno migratorio procedente de República Bolivariana de Venezuela de manera concienzuda, articulando recursos y esfuerzos para afrontarlo de manera responsable. A esto se suman las prestaciones en el servicio de salud, no son frecuentemente estudiados en sistemas de salud basados en el aseguramiento, dado que generalmente son bajos, sin embargo, en los últimos años en el país se ha incrementado la población extranjera. El objetivo de esta investigación es describir la producción empírica y conceptual de la atención en el servicio de urgencias de la migración irregular venezolana en Colombia. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión narrativa exploratoria de bases académicas Pubmed, SciELO, Google Académico, Redalyc, Consejo Nacional de Política Económica y Social (Conpes), Migración Colombia, DANE, SISPRO y resúmenes ejecutivos de migración en nuestro país. se realizó un análisis de reportes de hospitales en Colombia a través del registro individual de prestación de servicios de salud (RIPS), con alcance nacional, departamental, municipal, y en áreas urbanas, principales y las fronterizas En idiomas inglés y español. Conclusión: El fenómeno migratorio tiene un impacto diferencial en los determinantes sociales de la salud, ligados a las desigualdades e inequidades que son evidentes debido a la discriminación por parte de las poblaciones en Colombia.
Política de desarrollo social y desempeño socioeconómico en la provincia de Morona Santiago, Ecuador
Authors: Medina-Sharupe Thalía , Vallejo-Yucci Timoteo
Published: March 2022

La política social constituye una herramienta para impulsar el desarrollo socioeconómico en regiones atrasadas. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la relación entre la política de desarrollo social y el desempeño socioeconómico desde el Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado provincial de Morona Santiago en el período 2015-2019. La metodología de investigación es de nivel descriptivo, con diseño documental bibliográfico, no experimental, y longitudinal. Entre los principales resultados, se halló que las innovaciones conceptuales respecto al significado de desarrollo social se han incorporado en el diseño de política pública desde el GAD provincial. La gestión del período incluyó programas y proyectos en los subsistemas económicos y sociales; sin embargo, se halló que la inversión de recursos financieros para la política social presentó una diferencia del 56% entre el monto planeado para el período completo y lo efectivamente ejecutado en el lapso, evidenciando un desfase entre la planeación y la ejecución. Además, los resultados del desempeño socioeconómico revelan que la provincia manifiesta brechas de desarrollo frente a los parámetros nacionales, sobre todo en la tasa de pobreza por ingresos que resultó 28% más alta en Morona Santiago. Se concluye que Morona Santiago aún tiene vigente una estructura económica y social rezagada, por lo que la política social debe continuar la formulación de proyectos de largo plazo e impacto en la sociedad.
Estilo de aprendizaje y su asociación con la autoeficacia, conocimientos previos y motivación intrínseca en estudiantes de ingeniería
Authors: Fong-Silva Waldyr , Colpas-Castillo Fredy , Causado-Moreno Ever
Published: March 2022

Como objetivo de la presente investigación se evaluó la significancia estadística entre el estilo de aprendizaje con la autoeficacia, los conocimientos previos y la motivación intrínseca de los estudiantes universitarios en la facultad de ingeniería de la Universidad de Cartagena, Colombia. La muestra estuvo compuesta por mil cien (1100) estudiantes entre los años 2017 y 2019. El instrumento utilizado para medir el Estilo de Aprendizaje fue el cuestionario de estilos de aprendizaje (CHAEA) diseñado por Honey-Alonso (1994). La Autoeficacia se evaluó mediante la Escala de Autoeficacia General definida por Baessler y Schwarzer (1996). Los conocimientos previos fueron evaluados por encuesta y la motivación intrínseca mediante el "inventario de autorregulación del aprendizaje" diseñado por Lindner, Harris y Gordon (1993). Con respecto a los hallazgos, al cruzar la variable dependiente Estilo de Aprendizaje, con las independientes: autoeficacia, conocimientos previos y motivación intrínseca, se pudo constatar que existe significancia estadística entre el estilo de aprendizaje con la autoeficacia y la motivación intrínseca de os estudiantes de ingeniería a un nivel de confianza del 95%, mientras que con los conocimientos previos no existe significancia estadística alguna en la muestra analizada.
АНАЛИЗРАЗНЫХФОРМПРЕЦЕДЕНТНЫХФЕНОМЕНОВВРУССКИХСОВРЕМЕННЫХГАЗЕТАХ
Authors: Чжан К.
Published: March 2022

В статье рассматривается работа над анализом разных форм прецедентных феноменов в русских современных газетах. Основное внимание автор акцентирует на прецедентном феномене, а также внимание уделяется разным формам прецедентных феноменов.
POPULATION OF RABBITS TO CREATE A NEW BREED
Authors: Карелина Т.К. , Косовский Г.Ю. , Тинаев Н.И. , Шумилина А.Р. , Голованова Е.В. , Жилина К.И.
Published: March 2022

Не только расширить и сохранить генофонд российских пород, но и создавать новые породы кроликов важная и первостепенная задача, поскольку на основе различных методов и вариантов скрещивания отечественных пород кроликов можно создавать новые популяции кроликов, обладающих высокой продуктивностью.

Not only to expand and preserve the gene pool of Russian breeds, but also to create new breeds of rabbits is an important and paramount task, because on the basis of various methods and options for crossing domestic breeds of rabbits, it is possible to create new populations of rabbits with high productivity.
WATER PHASE EQUILIBRIUM MODELS IN IDEAL ROCK MODELS AT NEGATIVE TEMPERATURES
Authors: Старостин Е.Г. , Кравцова О.Н. , Иванов В.А. , Таппырова Н.А. , Протодьяконова Н.А.
Published: March 2022

Рассмотрены модели фазового равновесия воды в горных породах, где минеральный скелет рассматривается как совокупность частиц с определенной эффективной молярной массой, зависящей от дисперсности и свойств поверхности минерального скелета. Модели позволяют при максимальном упрощении исследовать закономерности фазового равновесия порового раствора.

Models of phase equilibrium of water in rocks are considered, where the mineral skeleton is considered as a set of particles with a certain effective molar mass, depending on the dispersion and surface properties of the mineral skeleton. The models allow to study the regularities of the phase equilibrium of the pore solution with maximum simplifi cation.
THE SPECTRUM OF FUNGISTATIC ACTIVITY OF A LABORATORY SAMPLE OF BIOLOGICAL PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS BASED ON BACILLUS ATROPHAEUS ACIM В-11474
Authors: Баубекова Д.Г. , Сопрунова О.Б.
Published: March 2022

На сегодняшний день применение средств защиты растений в сельском хозяйстве является важным аспектом в борьбе с заболеваниями растений. Данные средства основываются на природном явлении антагонизма микроорганизмов по отношению к фитопатогенам. Среди бактерий наиболее часто явление антагонизма встречается у представителей рода Bacillus, которые являются перспективными агентами защиты растений. Установлено, что исследуемый штамм Bacillus atrophaeus ВКПМ В-11474, лежащий в основе биологического средства, оказывал фунгистатическую активность по отношению к ряду микромицетов возбудителей различных заболеваний растений. Данная активность проявлялась специфично диаметры зон ингибирования роста фитопатогенов варьировали в зависимости от фазы роста культуры.

Today, the use of plant protection products in agriculture is an important aspect in the fi ght against plant diseases. These funds are based on the natural phenomenon of antagonism of microorganisms in relation to phytopathogens. Among bacteria, antagonism is most common in members of the genus Bacillus, who are promising plant protection agents. It is established that the investigated strain of Bacillus atrophaeus ACIM B-11474, which is the basis of the biological agent, showed fungistatic activity in relation to a number of micromycetespathogens of various plant diseases. This activity was manifested specifi cally the diameters of the zones of phytopathogen growth inhibition varied depending on the growth phase of the culture.
OPTIMIZATION OF CULTIVATION CONDITIONS OF HERBICIDERESISTANT STRAIN PSEUDOMONAS PLECOGLOSSICIDA 2.4-D
Authors: Худайгулов Г.Г. , Стариков С.Н. , Четвериков С.П.
Published: March 2022

Разработана питательная среда и оптимизированы условия для промышленного производства бактериального антистрессового агента на основе штамма Pseudomonas plecoglossicida 2,4-D. Выращенный в этих условиях штамм способен к увеличенному на 20 синтезу фитогормона индолилуксусной кислоты, устойчив к повышению в среде галогенсодержащих пестицидов, а титр клеток соответствует условиям промышленного культивирования микроорганизмов и составляет 25,5 млрд КОЕ/мл культуральной жидкости.

A nutrient medium for the industrial production of bacterial anti-stress agent based on bacteria strain Pseudomonas plecoglossicida 2,4-D has been developed, also fermentation parameters were optimized. In these circumstances, the strain was able to synthesize up to 20 more plant hormone indole acetic acid, the strain is tolerant to halogen-containing pesticides and the titer of cells was consistent with the conditions of industrial cultivation of microorganisms and was 25.5 billion CFU per milliliter culture fl uid.
RESTORATION SUCCESSION ON THE CLEAR-CUTTING OF CONIFEROUS-DECIDUOUS FORESTS OF THE SOUTHERN URALS
Authors: Широких П.С. , Мартыненко В.Б. , Бикбаев И.Г. , Наумова Л.Г. , Баишева Э.З.
Published: March 2022

После сплошной вырубки темнохвойно-широколиственных лесов асс. Chrysosplenio alternifolii-Piceetum obovatae Martynenko et Zhigunova 2007 в древесном ярусе восстанавливаются преимущественно виды широколиственных (Tilia cordata, Ulmus glabra, Acer platanoides) и мелколиственных пород (Populus tremula). Формирование флористического состава травяного яруса идет по схеме слабого нарушения напочвенного покрова, когда происходит только изменения ценотических позиций и обилия видов исходного типа леса.

Mainly broad-leaved (Tilia cordata, Ulmus glabra, Acer platanoides) and small-leaved tree species (Populus tremula) are recover after clear-cutting of coniferous-deciduous forests of ass. Chrysosplenio alternifolii-Piceetum obovatae Martynenko et Zhigunova 2007. The formation of the fl oristic composition of the herb layer follows the scheme of a weak disturbance of the ground cover, when there is a change in the coenotic positions and abundance of species of the original forest type.
VARIATIONS OF THE PROPERTIES OF ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS, DEPENDING ON GEOMAGNETIC ACTIVITY
Authors: Абатуров М.А.
Published: March 2022

Настоящая работа относится к общей проблеме слабых влияний различных геокосмических факторов на электрохимические свойства водных систем. Целью работы является обнаружение электрохимических вариаций в зависимости от геомагнитной активности окружающей среды. Был проведен мониторинг вариаций электрического тока в водной электрохимической ячейке в течении четырех суток. Обнаружено явление резкого спада тока через ячейку в момент повышенной геомагнитной активности. Это явление внешне схоже с явлением спада интенсивности космических лучей эффектом Форбуша. Результаты данной работы могут быть полезными в выявлении общих механизмов влияния геокосмических факторов на водные системы.

This work relates to the general problem of weak infl uence of geocosmic factors on the electrochemical properties of water systems. The aim of the work is to detect electrochemical variations depending on the geomagnetic activity of the environment. The electric current in the water electrochemical cell was monitored for four days. The phenomenon of a sharp drop in the current through the cell at the time of increased geomagnetic activity was detected. This phenomenon is outwardly similar to the phenomenon of a decrease in the intensity of cosmic rays - the Forbush effect. The results of this work can be useful in identifying the General mechanisms of infl uence of geocosmic factors on water systems.
IDENTIFICATION OF THE STRUCTURE AND CHANGES OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS FROM SATELLITE IMAGES
Authors: Беленко В.В. , Илюшина Т.В. , Зверев А.Т. , Новаковский Б.А.
Published: March 2022

В статье анализируются функции лесных экосистем, их роль в поддержании баланса в биосфере. Приводится оценка современного состояния лесных экосистем, анализируются причины деградации. Рассматриваются возможные направления изучения структуры и изменений лесных экосистем с использованием материалов космической съёмки: ранжирование лесных экосистем на категории по возрасту, запасу древесины, высоте древостоя, биологической продуктивности выявление вырубок выявление участков иссушения или переувлажнения и др.

The article analyzes the functions of forest ecosystems, their role in maintaining balance in the biosphere. An assessment of the current state of forest ecosystems is given, the causes of degradation are analyzed. Possible directions of studying the structure and changes of forest ecosystems using satellite imagery are considered: ranking forest ecosystems by category by age, wood supply, stand height, biological productivity identifi cation of clear-cutting identifi cation of areas of draining or waterlogging, etc.
MATERIAL COMPOSITION AND PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF GLAUCONITE SAND ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE ZHURAVSKY DEPOSIT (ROSTOV REGION)
Authors: Труфанов А.В.
Published: March 2022

В статье представлены результаты полевых и лабораторных исследований глауконитовых песков Журавского месторождения Ростовской области. На основе минералого-петрографического, химического и термобарогеохимического анализа, а также определения сорбционных и агрономических свойств изучаемого полезного ископаемого были установлены основные технологические особенности глауконита и обоснованы направления его комплексного использования.

The article presents the results of fi eld and laboratory studies of glauconite sands of the Zhuravsky deposit in the Rostov region. Based on mineralogical-petrographic, chemical and thermobarogeochemical analysis, as well as determining the sorption and agronomic properties of the studied mineral, the main technological features of glauconite were established and the directions of its complex use were substantiated.
WAYS TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF PYROLYSIS PROCESSES IN THE UTILIZATION OF HYDROCARBON WASTE
Authors: Коленчуков О.А. , Петровский Э.А. , Михайлов А.Ю.
Published: March 2022

В статье представлены наиболее значимые недостатки присущие современным реакторам пиролиза. Определена важность повышения качества продуктов пиролиза на сегодняшний день. Рассмотрены пути решения повышения качества пиролизной смеси, такие как: использование регулярной сетчатой насадки, применение завихрителя рабочего потока.

The article presents the most signifi cant disadvantages inherent in modern pyrolysis reactors. The importance of improving the quality of pyrolysis products to date is determined. Ways to solve the increase in the quality of the pyrolysis mixture are considered, such as: using a regular mesh nozzle, using a swirler of the working stream.
KOMPOSISI UNSUR DAN KARAKTERISASI MINERAL MAGNETIK DALAM RED MUD, RESIDU BAUKSIT DI PT. INDONESIA CHEMICAL ALUMINA (ICA) KALIMANTAN BARAT (ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION AND MINERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MAGNETIC RED MUD, BAUXITE RESIDUE AT PT. INDONESIA CHEMICAL ALUMINA (ICA), WEST KALIMANTAN)
Authors: Zaharah Titin Anita , Rossalina Wanda , Silalahi Imelda Hotmarisi
Published: March 2022

Red mud or commonly called bauxite residue is solid waste generated from the purification of bauxite into alumina through the Bayer process. The red mud was initially dried under the sun then was magnetically separated to give magnetic sand. The magnetic sand was neutralized using copious of water, refined and then characterized using XRF and XRD methods. The results show that the main elements contained in the magnetic sand from the red mud are silicon, aluminum, iron, titanium, and magnesium. XRD analysis using Search-Match followed by the calculation using Rietveld refinement showed that the sand consisted of ferrosillite (55.3%), hematite (33.9%) and ilmenite (10.7%). Elemental analysis using XRF showed the percentage of Fe 29.15%, Si 22.49%, Ca 3.19%, and Ti 2.92%, followed by other elements with low percentages.
ISOLATION OF FLAVONOID FROM ANDONG LEAVES (Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A. Chev.) AND ITS ACTIVITY AS COMPLEXOR OF Fe2+
Authors: Djohan Herlinda , Widiyantoro Ari , Shofiyani Anis
Published: March 2022

Flavonoid is one of the phenolic compounds that can complex metals. One of the native plants of Indonesia which has the potential as a metal complexor is the andong plant (Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A.Chev). The isolation process to obtain pure compound are extraction, fractionation, and separation by chromatography. Chromatography method using vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC), gravity column chromatography (GCC) and preparative thin layer chromatography (TLC). This research obtained relatively pure isolate F2.8. The IR (KBr) data on wave numbers of isolate F2.8 were 3430; 2925-2855; 1749; 1609-1512; 1171 and 1100 cm-1.The result of the spectrum 1H-NMR showed flavonoid compound has similar typical spectrum of apigenin compound which showed chemical shift (δH ppm) : 6.85 (1H, s, H-3); 6.29 (1H, s H-6); 6.57 (1H, H-8); 7.03 (2H, d, J = 11.96 Hz, H-3’, H-5’); 8.03 (2H, d, J = 11.72 Hz, H-2’, H-6’). The UV-Vis (CH3OH) spectrum data of isolate F2.8 after the addition of Fe2+ showed a shift at λmax towards a greater direction with a batochromic shift which was caused a decrease in absorbance after the addition of iron (Fe2+) 20 ppm namely: 290 nm; 305 nm with respectively absorbances of 1.62 A; 0.42 A. Based on these data, isolate F2.8 is apigenin which is capable of complexing Fe2+.
PENGARUH WAKTU AGING TERHADAP SIFAT HIDROFOBISITAS SILIKA XEROGEL TERMOFIDIFIKASI TRIMETILKLOROSILAN (EFFECT OF AGING TIME ON THE HYDROPHOBICITY OF SYNTHESIZED TRIMETHYLCHLOROSILANE-MODIFIED SILICA XEROGE)
Authors: Wahyudi Pendi , Alimuddin Andi Hairil , Shofiyani Anis
Published: March 2022

Silica xerogel is a multi-functional material that is useful in many industrial applications. In this research, we synthesized surface-modified silica xerogel and studied the effect of aging time, i.e., 0, 3, 6, 12, and 18 hours to the hydrophobicity of the synthesized material. The synthesis was conducted by the sol-gel method using sodium silicate precursors and a citric acid catalyst. Meanwhile, the surface modification was carried out through the silylation reaction using trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) reagent. The resulting materials were characterized using infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. Hydrophobicity was measured by the contact angle formed by the water droplet with the xerogel surface and the spreading time of the droplet to be dispersed entirely on the surface. The silica xerogel produced at all aging time variations has an amorphous phase, characterized by 2θ = 22-26o of the XRD pattern.     Si-CH3 and C-H vibrations at 848 cm-1 and 2962 cm-1 present in the FTIR spectrumconfirm the success of surface modification. The increasing aging time enhances the contact angle and spreading time of water droplets on xerogels, viz., 130o to 135o,and 3h 10min to 3h 28 min, respectively. Thus, the xerogels produced by this research are hydrophobic.
EKSTRAKSI MINYAK KELAPA MURNI DENGAN METODE PENGADUKAN DAN COLD PRESSED
Authors: Pranata Deni , Ardiningsih Puji , Rahmalia Winda , Nurlina Nurlina , Syahbanu Intan
Published: March 2022

Virgin coconut oil (VCO) was prepared by stirring and cold-pressed methods. This research aimed to study the effectiveness of both methods on VCO extraction. The first method was carried out by high-speed stirring to broke the coconut milk emulsion, and the second method was using the freezing and thawing technique. The physical appearance of VCO from both ways was clear, with a specific odor and taste of fresh coconut oil. The density of the VCO obtained by the stirring and cold-pressed method was 936 kg/m3 and 933 kg/m3, respectively. Physicochemical characterization shows that the cold-pressed process produces better properties of VCO.
KARAKTERISASI KOMPONEN DESTILAT MINYAK SEREH WANGI (Cymbopogon nardus l. Rendle) DARI KECAMATAN KUALA BEHE KABUPATEN LANDAK
Authors: Omarta Omarta , Jayuska Afghani , Silalahi Imelda Hotmarisi
Published: March 2022

Tanaman Sereh Wangi (Cymbopogon nardus l. Rendle) merupakan tanaman dari famili Poaceae yang telah lama dikenal sebagai penghasil minyak atsiri. Pemanfaatan minyak atsiri sereh wangi telah banyak diteliti sebagai pestisida nabati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persen rendemen minyak sereh wangi dan mengetahui pengaruh variasi suhu dan waktu fraksinasi terhadap komposisi senyawa yang terkandung dalam minyak sereh wangi. Minyak sereh wangi yang digunakan berwarna kuning pucat jernih dengan dengan berat jenis 0,8662 gram. Hasil identifikasi GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa minyak sereh wangi sebelum didestilasi mengandung 10 puncak senyawa dengan 3 puncak senyawa mayor berdasarkan  area dominan yaitu alpha-pinene 79,07%; beta-ocimene 8,80%; dan sitronelal 6,42 %. Hasil fraksi minyak setelah didestilasi yaitu pada destilat pertama luas area alpha-pinene 90,38%; beta-ocimene 5,42%; dan sitronelal 0,47%. Destilat kedua alpha-pinene 88,11%; beta-ocimene 6,88%; dan sitronelal 0,63%. Destilat ketiga alpha-pinene 84,37%; beta-ocimene 9,40%; dan sitronelal 0,98%
KARAKTERISASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ASAP CAIR TERHADAP KANDUNGAN PROKSIMAT IKAN TERI (CHARACTERIZATION AND ACTIVITY OF LIQUID SMOKE ON PROXIMATE CONTENTS OF ACHOVY FISH)
Authors: Pratama Nita Wahyu , Sofiana Mega Sari J , Aritonang Anthoni B
Published: March 2022

Coconut shell liquid smoke has been made from coconut shells by pyrolysis method at a temperature of 150 °C for 4 hours. Liquid smoke purified by adsorption using activated charcoal. The test results showed that activated charcoal could bring down the conciseness to become odourless and the color of liquid smoke from dark chocolate to yellowish-brown. The composition of the liquid smoke compound was determined by using the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometer (GC-MS) consisting of 33.60% methylamine-D2 and 31.14% acetic acid as the dominant compounds. A solution of liquid smoke in water (6.0% v / v) was used for activity testing to the content of proximate by immersing fresh anchovy at room temperature with closed conditions for seven days. The results of the proximate test observed as follows: the water content tended to decrease, the highest on day 1 (11.56%) and the lowest on the 7th day (7.38%), the ash content tends to increase, the highest on the 7th day (9, 76%) and the lowest on the 1st day (6.52%), the fat content tends to increase, the highest on the 7th day (20.19%) and the lowest on the 1st day (9.72%) and the protein content is an increase, namely the highest on the 7th day (14.02%) and the lowest on the 1st day (10.20%). The water content decrease caused the ash content was increased as an indication of an enhancement in mineral content in the anchovy sample. Likewise, the water content decrease caused the higher fat content. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the liquid smoke produced from coconut shells purified by the activated charcoal is very promising as a foodstuffs preservative.
PENENTUAN KADAR MANGAN (Mn) PADA AIR GAMBUT SECARA SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-Vis DENGAN PERBANDINGAN METODE KURVA KALIBRASI DAN ADISI STANDAR (DETERMINATION OF MANGANESE IN PEAT WATER USING UV-Vis SPECTROPHOTOMETER: COMPARATION OF CALIBRATION OF CURVE AND STANDARD ADDITION METHOD)
Authors: Emilia Emilia , Destiarti Lia , Adhitiyawarman Adhitiyawarman
Published: March 2022

Peat water has different characteristics from one location to another. The characteristics referred to include levels of organic matter, pH, conductivity, and turbidity. Based on these differences, it is necessary to research to determine the analytic parameters and the effect of matrix differences on manganese levels using a separate calibration method and standard addition using a Uv-vis spectrophotometer. The determination of manganese was carried out by the persulfate method, that is the oxidation of Mn in water by persulfate in an acidic and hot atmosphere to form MnO4 which is purple-red. The obtained results from the determination of the analytical parameters of the separate calibration method are precision of 7.75% to 63.96%, an accuracy of 0.80% to 5.24%, the linearity of r = 0.997, a detection limit of 0.170 ppm, and a limit of quantification of 0.567 ppm. Meanwhile, the addition method produces a precision of 2.19% to 20.35%, accuracy and linearity at points I, II, III are 10.65% to 25.47% respectively; 20.9% to 26.8%; 2.76% to 27.24% and 0.995; 0.999; 0.995. Linearity in addition as well as in calibration curves at all points have met the minimum value of SNI 6989.5: 2009 (R ≥ 0.995). In addition, based on the results of the comparison of the levels of the separate calibration and standard additions, the values are different, but the results of the t-test result in t-count <t-table. This means that there is no significant difference between separate calibration methods and standard addition.
Dynamic Au–C σ-Bonds Leading to an Efficient Synthesis of [n]Cycloparaphenylenes (n = 9 – 15) by a Self-Assembly
Authors: Tanji Yohei , Yoshigoe Yusuke , Saito Shinichi , Osakada Kohtaro , Kayahara Eiichi , Yamago Shigeru , Tsuchido Yoshitaka , Kawai Hidetoshi
Published: March 2022

The transmetalation of the digold(I) complex [Au2Cl2(dcpm)] (1) (dcpm = bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)methane) with oligophenylene diboronic acids gave the triangular macrocyclic complexes [Au2(C6H4)x(dcpm)]3 (x = 3, 4, 5) with yields of over 70%. On the other hand, when the other digold(I) complex [Au2Cl2(dppm)] (1') (dcpm = bis(diphenylphosphino)methane) was used, only a negligible amount the triangular complex was obtained. The control experiments revealed that the dcpm ligand accelerated an intermolecular Au(I)–C σ-bond-exchange reaction, and that this high reversibility is the origin of the selective formation of the triangular complexes. Structural analyses and theoretical calculations indicate that dcpm ligand increases the electrophilicity of the Au atom in the complex, thus facilitating the exchange reaction, though cyclohexyl group is an electron-donating group. Furthermore, the oxidative chlorination of the macrocyclic gold complexes afforded a series of [n]cycloparaphenylenes (n = 9, 12, 15) in 78–88% isolated yields. The reaction of two different macrocyclic Au complexes gave a mixture of macrocyclic complexes incorporating different oligophenylene linkers, from which a mixture of [n]cycloparaphenylenes with various numbers of phenylene units was obtained in good yields.
Investigating the Nanostructure of the Stratum Corneum Lipid Matrix: A Combined Neutron Diffraction & Molecular Dynamics Simulations Approach
Authors: Badhe Yogesh , Schmitt Thomas , Gupta Rakesh , Rai Beena , H H Neubert Reinhard
Published: March 2022

The human skin provides a physiochemical and biological protective barrier to the body due to the unique structure of its outermost layer the stratum corneum. This layer consists of corneocytes and a multi-lamellar lipid matrix forming a composite, which mainly determines the barrier function of the stratum corneum. A substantiated understanding of this barrier is necessary, as controlled breaching or modulation of the same is also essential for many topical drug delivery and personal care applications. In this study, we have discussed the state-of-the-art of neutron diffraction techniques (using specifically deuterated lipids) for stratum corneum lipid analysis and combined it with the information obtained from molecular dynamics simulations, to understand the structure and barrier function of the stratum corneum. As an example, the effect of ceramide concentration on a lipid lamella system consisting of CER[NP]/CER[AP]/Cholesterol/free fatty acid is studied. This study demonstrates the usefulness of the combined approach of neutron diffraction and molecular dynamics simulation for effective analysis of the skin lipid systems. The optimization of force fields by comparison with experimental data is furthermore an important step in the direction of providing a predictive quality.
Noncovalently bound excited-state dimers: a perspective on current time-dependent Density Functional Theory approaches applied to aromatic excimer models
Authors: Hancock Amy , Goerigk Lars
Published: March 2022

Excimers are supramolecular systems whose binding strength is influenced by many factors that are ongoing challenges for computational methods, such as charge transfer, exciton coupling, and London dispersion interactions. Treating the various intricacies of excimer binding at an adequate level is expected to be particularly challenging for time-dependent Density Functional Theory (TD- DFT) methods. In addition to well-known limitations for some TD-DFT methods in the description of charge transfer or exciton coupling, the inherent London dispersion problem from ground-state DFT translates to TD-DFT. While techniques to appropriately treat dispersion in DFT are well- developed for electronic ground states, these dispersion corrections remain largely untested for excited states. Herein, we aim to shed light on current TD-DFT methods, including some of the newest developments. The binding of four model excimers is studied across nine density functionals with and without the application of additive dispersion corrections against a wave function reference of SCS-CC2/CBS(3,4) quality, which approximates select CCSDR(3)/CBS data adequately. To our knowledge, this is the first study that presents single-reference wave function dissociation curves at the complete basis set level for the assessed model systems. It is also the first time range-separated double-hybrid density functionals are applied to excimers. In fact, those functionals turn out to be the most promising for the description of excimer binding followed by global double hybrids. Range-separated and global hybrid—particularly with large fractions of Fock exchange—are outperformed by double hybrids and yield worse dissociation energies and inter-molecular equilibrium distances. The deviation between assessed functional and reference increases with system size, most likely due to missing dispersion interactions. Additive dispersion corrections of the DFT-D3(BJ) and DFT-D4 types reduce the average errors for TD-DFT methods but do so inconsistently and therefore do not offer a black-box solution in their ground-state parametrised form. The lack of appropriate description of dispersion effects for TD-DFT methods is likely hindering the practical application of the herein identified more efficient methods. Dispersion corrections parametrised for excited states appear to be an important next step to improve the applicability of TD-DFT methods and we hope that our work assists with the future development of such corrections.
Design of a potent, selective and brain penetrant inhibitor of Wnt-deactivating enzyme Notum by optimization of a crystallographic fragment hit
Authors: Willis Nicky , Mahy William , Sipthorp James , Zhao Yuguang , Woodward Hannah , Atkinson Benjamin , Bayle Elliott , Svensson Fredrik , Frew Sarah , Jeganathan Fiona , Monaghan Amy , Benvegnu Stefano , Jolly Sarah , Vecchia Luca , Ruza Reinis , Kjaer Svend , Howell Steven , Snidjers Ambrosius , Bictash Magda , Salinas Patricia , Vincent Jean-Paul , Jones Yvonne , Whiting Paul , Fish Paul
Published: March 2022

Notum is a carboxylesterase that suppresses Wnt signaling through deacylation of an essential palmitoleate group on Wnt proteins. There is a growing understanding of the role Notum plays in human disease such as colorectal cancer and Alzheimer’s disease supporting the need to discover improved inhibitors, especially for use in models of neurodegeneration. Here, we describe the discovery and profile of 8l (ARUK3001185) as a potent, selective and brain pentrant inhibitor of Notum activity suitable for oral dosing in rodent models of disease. Crystallographic fragment screening of the Diamond-SGC Poised Library for binding to Notum, supported by a biochemical enzyme assay to rank inhibition activity, identifed 6a and 6b as a pair of outstanding hits. Fragment development of 6 delivered 8l that restored Wnt signaling in the presence of Notum in a cell-based reporter assay. Assessment in pharmacology screens showed 8l to be selective against serine hydrolases, kinases and drug targets.
Second-Derivative-Based Background Drift Removal for Tonic Dopamine Measurement in Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry
Authors: Kang Seongtak , Park Jeongrak , Jeong Yunho , Oh Yong-Seok , Choi Ji-Woong
Published: March 2022

The dysregulation of dopamine, a neuromodulator, is associated with a broad spectrum of brain disorders, including Parkinson’s disease, addiction, and schizophrenia. Quantitative measurements of dopamine are essential for understanding dopamine functional dynamics. Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is the most widely used electrochemical technique for measuring real-time in vivo dopamine level changes. Standard FSCV has only been used to analyze “phasic dopamine” (changes in seconds), because the gradual generation of background charging current is inevitable, and acts as the main noise source in the low-frequency band. Although “tonic dopamine” (changes in minutes to hours) is key for understanding the dopamine system, an electrochemical technique capable of simultaneously measuring phasic and tonic dopamine in an in vivo environment has not been established. Several modified voltammetric techniques have been developed for measuring tonic dopamine, but the sampling rates (0.1-0.05 Hz) are too low to be useful. Further investigation of the in vivo applicability of previously developed background drift removal methods for measuring tonic dopamine levels is required. We developed a second-derivative-based background removal (SDBR) method for simultaneously measuring phasic and tonic neurotransmitter levels in real-time. The performance of this technique was tested via in silico and in vitro tonic dopamine experiments. Furthermore, its applicability was tested in vivo. SDBR is a simple, robust, post-processing technique that can extract tonic neurotransmitter levels from all FSCV data. As SDBR is calculated in individual-scan voltammogram units, it can be applied to any real-time closed-loop system that uses a neurotransmitter as a biomarker.
Spin-Flip TDDFT for Photochemistry
Authors: Herbert John , Mandal Aniket
Published: March 2022

This chapter provides an overview of computational methods based on "spin-flip" (SF) modifications to time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), with specific focus on photochemical problems that require exploration of excited-state potential energy surfaces and which may access crossing regions (conical intersections or seams) between those surfaces. Although TDDFT is a widely-used method for computing vertical excitation energies and electronic absorption spectra, it suffers from certain pathologies in the description of conical intersections whenever the ground state is involved. These issues are resolved in SF-TDDFT, albeit at the expense of greater spin contamination that sometimes becomes problematic, and which has motivated the development of spin-complete extensions of TDDFT that produce spin-pure (or nearly spin pure) eigenstates. Following a general introduction to conical intersections and the theoretical description of photochemical phenomena, the formalism of SF-TDDFT is reviewed along with an overview of applications in which SF-TDDFT has been combined with trajectory surface hopping to simulate photochemical reactions. From a theoretical point of view, this work emphasizes how recent modifications to TDDFT, which were originally designed to overcome the aforementioned problems, have the effect of rendering the theory more and more ``wave function-like'', blurring the distinction between TDDFT and limited configuration interaction models.
Anomalous viscosity of a racemate: a simple experiment demonstrating chirally induced spin selectivity
Authors: Daplan Ekin , Terranova Umberto , Turin Luca
Published: March 2022

It has been known for over a century that racemic solutions of hydrogen-bonded compounds are less viscous than their component enantiomers, but this fact has so far remained unexplained. Here we confirm it using enantiomers of lactic acid, and compare it to molecular dynamics simulations of lactic acid viscosity. The effect is absent in classical MD. We suggest that the anomalous viscosity of racemates may be due to a recently discovered magnetic intermolecular force due to spin-dependent charge reorganization.
Redox Controlled Chalcogen Bonding for Switchable Anion Recognition and Sensing
Authors: Hein Robert , Docker Andrew , Davis Jason J. , Beer Paul D.
Published: March 2022

Inspired by the success of its related sigma-hole congener halogen bonding (XB), chalcogen bonding (ChB) is emerging as a powerful non-covalent interaction with a plethora of applications in supramolecular chemistry and beyond. In spite of its increasing importance, the judicious modulation of ChB donor strength remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we present, for the first time, the reversible and large-scale modulation of ChB potency by electrochemical redox control. This is exemplified by both the switching-ON of anion recognition via ChB oxidative activation of a novel bis(ferrocenyltellurotriazole) anion host and switching-OFF reductive ChB deactivation of anion binding potency with a telluroviologen receptor. The direct linking of the redox-active centre and ChB receptor donor sites enables strong coupling, which is reflected by up to a remarkable 3 orders of magnitude modulation of anion binding strength. This is demonstrated through large voltammetric perturbations of the respective receptor ferrocene and viologen redox couples, enabling, for the first time, ChB-mediated electrochemical anion sensing. The sensors not only display significant anion-binding induced electrochemical responses in competitive aqueous-organic solvent systems but can compete with, or even outperform similar, highly potent XB and HB sensors. These observations serve to highlight a unique (redox) tuneability of ChB and pave the way for further exploration of the reversible (redox) modulation of ChB in a wide range of applications including anion sensors as well as molecular switches and machines.
Computational prediction and experimental realisation of earth abundant transparent conducting oxide Ga-doped ZnSb2O6
Authors: Jackson Adam J. , Parrett Benjamin J. , Willis Joe , Ganose Alex M. , Leung W. W. Winnie , Williamson Benjamin A. D. , Liu Yuhan , Kim Timur K. , Hoesch Moritz , Ishibe-Veiga Larissa , Kalra Raman , Neu Jens , Schmuttenmaer Charles A. , Lee Tien-Lin , Regoutz Anna , Veal Tim D. , Palgrave Robert G. , Perry Robin , Scanlon David O.
Published: March 2022

Transparent conducting oxides have become ubiquitous in modern opto-electronics. However, the number of oxides that are transparent to visible light and have the metallic-like conductivity necessary for transparent conducting oxide applications is limited to a handful of systems that have been known for the past forty years. In this work, we use hybrid density functional theory and defect chemistry analysis to demonstrate that tri-rutile zinc antimonate, ZnSb2O6, is an ideal transparent conducting oxide, and identify gallium as the optimal dopant to yield high conductivity and transparency. To validate our computational predictions, we have synthesised both powder samples and single crystals of Ga-doped ZnSb2O6 which conclusively show behaviour consistent with a degenerate transparent conducting oxide. This study demonstrates the possibility of a family of Sb(V) containing oxides for transparent conducting oxide and power electronics applications.
Weak Dewar bond modulates protonated azaindole photodynamics
Authors: Mansour Ritam , Mukherjee Saikat , Pinheiro Jr Max , Noble Jennifer A. , Jouvet Christophe , BARBATTI Mario
Published: March 2022

Recent experimental work revealed that the lifetime of the S3 state of protonated 7-azaindole is about ten times slower than that of protonated 6-azaindole. We simulated the nonradiative decay pathways of these molecules using trajectory surface hopping dynamics after photoexcitation into S3 to elucidate the reason for this difference. Both isomers mainly follow a common pp* relaxation pathway involving multiple state crossings while coming down from S3 to S1 in the subpicosecond time scale. However, the simulations reveal that the excited-state topographies are such that while the 6-isomer can easily access the region of nonadiabatic transitions, the internal conversion of the 7-isomer is delayed by a pre-Dewar bond formation with a boat conformation.
Fluorine-induced polarity increases inhibitory activity of BPTI towards chymotrypsin
Authors: Leppkes Jakob , Dimos Nicole , Loll Bernhard , Hohmann Thomas , Dyrks Michael , Wieseke Ariane , Koksch Beate
Published: March 2022

Substituting the P1 position in bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) is known to heavily influence its inhibitory activity towards serine proteases. Side-chain fluorinated aliphatic amino acids have been shown to alter numerous properties of peptides and proteins and thus are of interest in the context of BPTI. In our study, we systematically investigated the site-specific incorporation of non-canonical amino acids into BPTI by microwave-assisted solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). Inhibitor activity of the variants was tested towards the serine protease α-chymotrypsin. We observed enhanced inhibition of two fluorinated BPTIs compared to wild type and hydrocarbon variants. To further investigate the complexes, we performed x-ray structure analysis. Our findings underline the power fluorine offers as a tool in protein engineering to beneficially alter the effects on phenomena as protein-protein interactions.
Universal control of protons concentration using electrochemically generated acid compatible with miniaturization
Authors: EL MAISS Janwa , BALAKRISHNAN Divya , Pascual García César
Published: March 2022

Controlling locally produced acidity in miniaturized spaces is of high importance yielding to manage simultaneous chemical reactions. Here we present a platform that hosts miniaturized micro reactors, each one enabling electrochemical control of the acidity in ~nL volumes. We demonstrated the local control of chemical reactions with the deprotection of strong acid labile groups in a region of 150 μm of diameter of an upstanding glass using high proton concentrations (~10-1M) and the acidity contrasts between the cell region and the outside. We demonstrated an accurate control of the proton concentration in aqueous and organic solvents and the control of chemical reactions in organic electrolytes achieved with a sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene-based membrane, that isolates the acid generating electrodes from the reagents in the solution. The quantitative control of the acidity by the Faradaic currents was demonstrated by the calibration of carboxyfluorescein adjusted with external titrations, and with a tautomer transition occurring at pH 4.2. To the best of our knowledge, this platform shows the best control of acidity in the smallest volume reported so far.
“IMPACTO DE LA COVID-19 EN LA ECONOMÍA DE LA SALUD EN LAMBAYEQUE-PERÚ”
Authors: Enríquez Laurente Julio , Musayón Urbina Mariela De los Milagros , Purisaca Vigil Albertina , Quiroz Mejía Anyolina Ysabel
Published: March 2022

Esta investigación se realiza con la finalidad de describir el impacto de la Covid-19 en la economía de la salud en Lambayeque-Perú, para lo cual se analizaron cinco artículos científicos de la base de datos Scielo y Science Direct. Los investigadores indican que la actividad económica se contrajo y el empleo se vio afectado por las medidas para contener los efectos de la Covid-19 y, por otro lado, contar con mayor capacidad instalada en salud antes del inicio de la pandemia permitió amortiguar el impacto económico. Otra investigación obtiene un modelo de predicción de Covid-19 que documenta el impacto de la enfermedad infecciosa y consecuencias en la economía, el cual permite comprender la futura demanda de recursos críticos específicos. El impacto de la Covid-19 en Lambayeque se refleja en variables económicas como el empleo, que en el año 2020 disminuyó en 14% comparado con el año anterior, pero también el cumplimiento de las medidas de prevención son claves para la activación económica de manera segura. Es importante contar con la información actualizada para generar modelos de predicción de Covid-19 en Perú, que permitan conocer el impacto de la pandemia, consecuencias en la economía y comprender la futura demanda de recursos.