bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of student learning outcomes that given online learning and conventional learning in electrical measurement course
Authors: Nugroho Y S
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study is to compare student learning outcomes, given online learning and conventional learning. This study uses a quasi-experimental method; the researcher divides students into two classes, namely the experimental class and the control class. Experimental classes are given online learning, and control classes are given conventional learning or face to face with lecturers. Before starting the learning, all classes are given a pre-test and given a post-test after the learning period ends. It is to determine the initial and final state of students so that the effects of learning can be seen. The pre-test and post-test results show that both classes have increased learning outcomes, but the increase in learning outcomes in the experimental class is higher than the control class. Furthermore, conducting unpaired t-test using SPSS to find out whether there are significant differences between the two classes. From the calculation results, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between the learning outcomes of Electrical Measurement students who are taught online and students who are taught conventionally so that online learning in the Electrical Measurement course is declared effective.
Design and implementation of pipe cutting machine with AC servo motor and PLC based on HMI
Authors: Syufrijal S , Rif’an M , Prabumenang A W R , Wicaksono R
Published: March 2021

This research aims to design a pipe cutting machine using an AC servo motor and PLC as a controller based on HMI (Human Machine Interface). The use of AC servo motors is done to maintain accuracy and precision in cutting pipe lengths. This research uses experimental methods which include hardware and software design. PLC LS XGT Series is used to control the pipe cutting machine automatically based on the input signal from the proximity and encoder. Proximity is used to detect the presence of pipe while the encoder is used to detect AC servo motor rotation. By knowing the number of turns of the AC servo motor through the encoder, the length of the pipe can also be determined. The AC servo motor with Mitsubishi HC-KFS43 400W models is used to pull the pipe, gripping the pipe, and moving the cutting machine while a modified AC circle saw motor is used to drive the cutting blade. Based on the results of the study, the cutting machine can cut pipes automatically according to the desired number and length of the pipe. The work process can be monitored and controlled on a computer through HMI.
Development of mobile web-based learning model
Authors: Marini A , Safitri D , Herlina H , Umasih U , Rosinar R , Yuliati S R , Putra ZE F F , Zahari M
Published: March 2021

This study aims at developing mobile web-based learning model for elementary school students in Jakarta in Indonesia. The research method was Research and Development (R&D). This research product is mobile web using 8b with URL: https://webpanduan.8b.io. This mobile web containing some pages consisting of home, background, legal basis, objectives, and the guidance of character values integration. The result of expert validation achieved 3,88 from scores ranging 1 to 4 showing that this mobile web was already valid specifically for easiness of the terms used, application efficiency, navigation system, simplicity, clarity of navigation, consistency of navigation menu placement, attractiveness, compatibility support, and loading time. Revision based on expert validation was done to give a more detail explanation about the concrete ways in character values integration, photograph background, slideshow with pause, and relevant pictures displayed. Consequently, it can be concluded that this mobile web-based learning model has already been valid as a model in character values integration for elementary school students in Jakarta in Indonesia.
Effects of growth media compositions for plant growth of Inpari 13 rice (Oryza sativa L.) on substrate hydroponic system
Authors: Hidayat C , Frasetya B , Lestari F A
Published: March 2021

Rice cultivation using substrate hydroponic system on the building’s rooftop is an alternative way to improve rice production. This research aimed to study the effect of growth media compositions on rice growth with substrate hydroponic system. The experiment used Completely Randomized Block Design with five treatments of growth media composition i.e. 100% rice husk charcoal; 100% cocopeat; 50% rice husk charcoal: 50% cocopeat; 25% rice husk charcoal: 75% cocopeat; and 75% rice husk charcoal: 25% cocopeat. The result showed that composition of 75% rice husk charcoal : 25% cocopeat significantly affected plant height. Otherwise, reformulating nutrient composition for hydroponic rice cultivation supported the growth media to perform better. The addition of NH4+as a source of nitrogen improved plant growth in vegetative stage. In addition, the ratio between K: Ca (1.25: 1) applied to complete requirement of those nutrients and considered as environmental stress defence. The use of a container becomes an alternative to maintain media relative humidity and nutritional EC value. Either in the rainy or dry season, relative humidity and nutrient EC of media must be checked frequently to maintain the optimum conditions for rice growth.
Green areas mapping of Telkom University as a support towards green campus
Authors: Sadono S , Zen A P , Yuningsih C R , Trihanondo D , Wiguna I P
Published: March 2021

Environmental problems are the main thing and great concern given the issue of global warming and climate change is no longer just an issue but has become a fact. That is what makes the concept of green campus where the role of universities to help raise awareness and take part in reducing global warming. Efforts to set up a green campus should not only start with planting trees around the campus area or just protecting the environment by banning smoking or littering. But environmental design is one of the processes in realizing a green campus. Therefore, the first stage of environmental design is made to meet these needs. The purpose of this study is to map the environment within Telkom University campus using the aerial photographic approach like drones to collect visual data and observation as the design process in environmental design. The results obtained in this study are a map of Telkom University and the surrounding environment that can be used as observation data and visual data in developing the campus environment. This mapping is a process and a first stage in the development and design of Telkom University as a green campus. For further developments, campus mapping can be used as a reference in seeing environmental design so that the next process can be determined with visual data on campus mapping.
Study of soil physical properties in UIN Sunan Gunung Djati campus area using geoelectrical resistivity method
Authors: Sholikha M , Agustina R D , Listiawati M , Maspupah M , Chusni M M
Published: March 2021

Study of Soil physical properties are important characteristics of the soil. The description of soil physical properties is very important to investigation the function of the soil as a plant growth medium. The aim of this study was to determine the physical properties of the soil based on geoelectric resistivity data. The study was conducted in UIN Sunan Gunung Djati campus area. The method used in this study was geoelectrical resistivity of wenner configuration method. The results showed the value of resistivity, porosity and soil fraction. Range value of Soil resistivity was 50-800 Om. Soil porosity was 5-50%. The soil fraction component consists of coarse sand, fine sand and clay. Soil resistivity was inversely proportional to soil porosity. The high soil resistivity is likely due to the low soil moisture, causing generally campus area still open. Based on the soil fraction component, soil texture in the campus area tends to be Loam Sandy. It is good for aeration and water holding. This condition is very good for plant growth.
Quality of Cikawung river water based on phytoplankton diversity
Authors: Mulyani L S , Amarulla Y , Wahjuningsih S , Muthmainnah R
Published: March 2021

This research aims to determine the quality of Cikawung river water based on phytoplankton diversity conducted in April-May 2019. This research uses descriptive method, with quantitative approach. The sample taken was 10% of the length of the Cikawung river, which is 5 km divided into 3 stations. The quality of the waters of the Cikawung river can be seen from the diversity index, evenness index and phytoplankton dominance index. The results show that the diversity value is low to moderate. The evenness value is categorized as stable condition. While the dominance index showed as labile condition or under ecology’s pressure. Broadly speaking, the quality of the waters of Cikawung river based on the diversity index is included in the heavily polluted category.
Engineering safer bulk cooking oil by increasing oxidative stability with organic waste of noni (Morinda citrifolia) fruit
Authors: Rahayu S , Basyam S A , Mela F , Solichatun L
Published: March 2021

Cooking oil has brought detrimental impact on health. Many attempts have been conducted to minimize the risk of it. This study aimed at engineering safer bulk cooking oil by increasing oxidative stability with organic waste of noni fruit. Method applied was experimental with complete factorial randomized design. Factor used were solvent type (ethanol and distilled water), concentration (25% and 33%) and maceration time (2,4,6,8,16,24 hours) of noni fruit. Parameters measured were qualitative and quantitative flavonoid, peroxide value and free fatty acid number. Statistical analysis was done by Manova followed by Games-Howell. Result showed that ethanol extract exhibit strongest flavonoid qualitatively and quantitatively within 33% concentration (48.9 Meq). The best (lowest) peroxide value can be identified on ethanol extract under 33% concentration and 24-hour maceration (2.9 ± 0.6 Meq02/Kg). The lowest free fatty acid (FFA) number could be achieved by 33% of ethanolic extract under 12 hours’ maceration (2.5%). Statistical analysis revealed the impact of solvent, concentration and time to peroxide value and free fatty acid value. It can be concluded that bulk cooking oil can be engineered to be safer by adding noni organic waste of noni fruit.
Determination of the best flow direction in wastewater treatment for vehicle wash facilities using activated carbon filters
Authors: Pradiko H , Mulyatna L , Afiatun E , Heraudi A F
Published: March 2021

Vehicle washing service is a commercial activities used detergent as supporting material to clean vehicles. The vehicle washing waste decrease the ground water and surface water quality. Water savings are needed trough recycling and fixing water quality. This study aims to determine the best flow direction in reducing the turbidity, surfactants, and COD concentration contained in the wastewater using an activated carbon filter with the filter diameter 10 cm, the activated carbon height 90 cm and the activated carbon grain in size >2 mm. The variation used in these research is: flow direction (bottom to top, top to bottom in submerged condition, and top to bottom without submerged condition); initial surfactants concentrations; and flow rate. The results showed that the best turbidity removal occur in the up to down direction in all discharge and concentrations variations which succeeded in removing turbidity 100%. The best surfactants removal occurs in the bottom to top direction with a discharge 0.0088 L/s which removed the surfactants 99.92%. The best COD removal occur in the top to down direction with submerged condition in discharge 0.0147 L/s which removed COD 67.45%. Each flow direction has difference mechanism and process to removal parameters.
Bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon by mixed bacteria culture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Brevibacterium sp.
Authors: Suwardi A , Ratnaningsih R , Rinanti A
Published: March 2021

The intention of this research is to overcome pollution by petroleum using bioremediation method with the help of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria. The first step in this research was to characterize petroleum as pollutants and cultivate mixed culture bacteria, i.e. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Brevibacterium sp. The second step was degradation test with growth medium of SMSS (Stone Mineral Salt Solution) with variations pH and concentration. It was conducted in a 300 ml Erlenmeyer series with composition of 80% media, 5% petroleum, and 10% bacteria placed in an incubator shaker with a rotation speed of 200 rpm for 7 days. Based on the results from degradation test with growth medium of SMSS, obtained results that TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon) degradation efficiency is higher at a pH of 8 that is equal to 28.47%. In the variation of concentration, the highest degradation efficiency occurs at concentration of 20% oil which is reduced oil viscosity up to 22.00%. This research proves that Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Brevibacterium sp. can degrade hydrocarbon composition in petroleum with an efficiency of up to 20%.
Development of Android-based mobile learning modules on the immune system for Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) 9 Jakarta
Authors: Wulaningsih R D , Rusdi R , Erawati D
Published: March 2021

The 21st century is marked by the use of technology in learning. One example is the use of smartphones as learning media in the form of Mobile Learning Modules, which are expected to make it easier for students to learn biology material. This study aims to develop biology learning media in the form of Android-based Mobile Learning Modules on the Immune System material. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D). Research procedures include concepts, design, material collection, product manufacture, product testing, and distribution. The study was conducted at MAN 9 Jakarta. The research involved media experts, material experts, students, and biology teachers. Data analysis using Kolmogorov Smirnov, statistical tests using Paired Sample t-Test. The results showed that the Android-based Mobile Learning Module for the Immune System material was rated by an average score of 91.4%. The average pretest and post-test scores were 57 and 78.8. The conclusion of this study shows that this Android-based Mobile Learning Module has fulfilled the requirements as a learning medium and can improve student learning outcomes on the Immune System material.
Acid mine drainage removal by mixed bacteria culture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Brevibacterium sp.
Authors: Putri A N , Ratnaningsih R , Rinanti A
Published: March 2021

Acid mine drainage is a problem faced by the mining industry in Indonesia has a negative impact on the environment because it is very acidic and contains heavy metals. This bioremediation research to determine the ability of a mixed bacteria culture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Brevibacterium sp. in removal acid mine water. The study began with an allowance test in liquid media using artificial growth media Stone Mineral Salt solution (SMSs) with the tested parameters namely contact time (hours) and concentration of acid mine water pollutants (% v/v). Parameter variation consists of contact time (hours) 24 to 240 and concentration of acid mine pollutant water (% v/v) 10 to 25. Mixed culture are resistant to the presence of acid mine water as a substrate that is xenobiotic because no inhibition zones are formed around paper discs that have been exposed to acid mine pollutant water and can grow on Nutrient Agar (NA) media added with acid mine pollutants. The pH of the liquid media increased from 2.14 to 5,87 with optimum contact time 144 hours with a temperature of 30 °C and optimum pollutant concentration 10%.
Digital assessment tools for public area practices in the Hospitality Industry
Authors: Jubaedah Y , Rinekasari N R , Rohaeni N
Published: March 2021

Various assessment tools used for competency judgment are not referring to the demands of Standard Operating Procedures in the Hospitality Industry. The study investigated the production of digital assessment tools based on digital application in the public area practices and the measuring of interns’ achievement in public area practice using SmartRubrics. The data were collected through this applications that produce the objective of job performance competency from 33 participants. The finding showed that (i) digital assessment tools of public area practice has the advantages in both the application system and the display features including the preparation stage, the process and the results of the practice that accordance with the Standard Operating Procedures in the Hospitality Industry; (ii) most of the interns were declared competent based on the results of tests from internal and external examiners through the digital assessment process. Recommendations were made to the policy-makers that digital assessment tools of public area practice become the appropriate reference to be implemented in a briefing before carrying out internship and in implementing internship in the Hospitality Industry.
The contribution of the Internet of Things and smart systems to agricultural practices: A survey
Authors: Setiaji T , Budiyanto C , Yuana R A
Published: March 2021

The growing demand for agriculture products contradicts the challenges associated with the decline in farming land size and labour workforce. Recent literature acknowledges that the Internet of Things (IoT) plays a crucial role in enhancing the smart aspects already deployed in agriculture. Smart farming is an emerging concept because of IoT sensors capable of aggregating information about their agriculture fields under real-life circumstances. The paper aims to survey the recent implementation of IoT based monitoring systems applied in agriculture worldwide. A systematic literature review carried out to investigate the extent of IoT adoption in agriculture industries. The understanding of Reason to adopt IoT, the Scale of adoption and the cost and benefit of IoT adoption were drawn from papers published in SCOPUS, Web of Science, and DOAJ between 2010 up to early 2020. Twenty-eight most relevant articles extracted from the search. This paper recommends strategies to adopt an IoT-based monitoring tool pertinent to irrigation systems implementation in Indonesia.
Web of Things to control planting seeds and watering plants for indoor smart farm
Authors: Sulistyanto M P T , Febriawan E , Sulistiyowati I
Published: March 2021

With the emergence of the Web of Things (WoT) as Internet of Things (IoT) enhancement in web application, the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has developed very rapidly. Its technology has been commonly used in various fields of life, especially in agriculture. One of the crop plants is often achieved by vegetable farming, as vegetables are the staples of daily life. Aim this study is for plating mustard green seeds and watering plant using WoT. This method begins by doing literature review, requirement analysis, design and implementation. The result shows the developing of prototype to planting mustard seeds and watering plant is successful that it can be remotely operated through WoT. The planting and watering process uses Gcode command to carry out seed picks, planting seeds, and water plants.
Implementation of User Centered Design methodology for designing information systems introduction to culture based on mobile applications
Authors: Dwanoko Y S , Arin F F S
Published: March 2021

Design and build an information system really require a method that can produce a reliable information system, this is evident from the system design process that comes from the user’s needs. The design of information systems that are not based on the needs of users directly involved will result in a software crisis. The purpose of this research is to implement an information system design method based on user needs that can produce a software requirements specification document (SRS). The research method used in making this information system design is User Centered Design (UCD) which consists of 5 stages, namely the plan the human centred Process, Specify the content of use, specify the user and organization requirements, produce design solution, and evaluating the design. The results of this study are the SRS document information system introduction to culture based on mobile applications with the UCD method, it is hoped that this research can also be used as a reference for designing information systems.
How to manage scope, time and cost of project management plan to develop manufacture information system
Authors: Susilowati M , Kurniawan Y , Prasetiya H P , Beatrix R , Dewa W A , Ahsan M
Published: March 2021

The information system project must be built with the right processes as especially the project management. The Right Management Project will create a good and right product. And also will reach optimal satisfy users. So we must management the project very well. In management project have triple constraints that are scope, time and cost management. In this research manage scope, time and cost of project management plan to develop manufacture information system with study case on a company that manufacture plastic bag because the stakeholder want to know how complete the application will be built and how long it will be take and how much it will be cost to develop manufacture information system. It is done to minimize project failures before start to develop. So the researches focus to manage scope, time and cost of project management to develop manufacture information system. This paper present outputs from our research such as product scope, project scope, work breakdown structure (wbs), project duration which are equipped with predecessor and milestones, Gantt chart tables, as well as project cost estimates.
The effect of alkali type on IFT value for surfactant-alkali injection
Authors: Latief F W , Setiati R , Mardiana D A
Published: March 2021

The aim of this research is to acknowledge alkali effect on surfactant-alkali on IFT value and to acknowledge temperature on surfactant-alkali IFT stability. There are six surfactant-alkali solutions utilized in this research. Meanwhile solution compatibility test in this research consist of Aquos Stability, CMC, IFT, phase behaviour test by utilizing micro emulsion observation for 24 hours and thermal stability on reservoir temperature (60o C) for 7 days. There are two surfactant-alkali solution type that pass selection stage, which are 5% salinity OGEP 400 OLEAT with 0.3% concentrate and NaOH with 0.1% concentration with surface tension of 5.176x10-3 dyne/cm, phase behaviour reading in phase 1, unstable thermal stability test with IFT measurement after thermal as much as 1.385×10-2 to 2.416×10-2 dyne/cm, filtration ratio of the filtration test is as much as 1.2 ml/second and recovery factor of imbibition result is as much as 75.5%. Meanwhile for alkali Na2CO3 in 0.5% concentration with surface tension test result of 3.379×10-3 dyne/cm, phase behaviour reading in phase 1, a relatively stable thermal stability test with IFT measurement after thermal of 2.42×10-2 to 2.871×10-2 dyne/cm, filtration ratio of filtration test as much as 1.17 ml/second and recovery factor from imbibition result as much as 57.8%. The obtained result shows that alkali addition is proven to be able to lower surfactant IFT to 10-3 dyne/cm. This finding can be utilized as a basic of EOR application in sand stone formation.
Characteristics of galvanized, graphene oxide and aluminum waste powder for coating on medium carbon steel
Authors: Tjahjanti P H , Fahruddin A , Iswanto I , Firdaus R , Jofalo Z N , Abdullah F
Published: March 2021

Medium carbon steel is one of the components vulnerable to corrosion although it has been coated. The purpose of this study is to measure the rate of corrosion penetration on low carbon steel coated galvanized penetration, graphene oxide, and aluminum waste powder. The process used is the use of hot dip galvanizing, where steel samples with temperature variations are immersed in hot liquid aluminum waste powder. Corrosion Penetration Rates (CPR) using dipped weight loss method in NaCl solution, the results obtained do not exceed the usual corrosion rate (0.5 mm / year) needed.
Effect of Natrium Carbonate (Na2CO3) on porosity and hardness in the melting of aluminium canned
Authors: Endramawan T , Sifa A , Dionisius F , Rifai A B
Published: March 2021

The smelting process is a process to form a product that resembles the original, one way to recycle products or household waste include melting aluminium cans of refreshing drinks to reduce waste, melting the cans into ingot specimens as raw material for making fishing boat propellers in order to reduce high production costs and to find out good quality, the method of melting aluminium cans mixed with Sodium Carbonate as much as 2.5%, 5%, and 7,5% into aluminium ingots which results are tested by hardness testing and digital microscope to see porosity and find out the hardness of each specimen, from experimental smelting mixed with 2,5% Sodium Carbonate has a hardness value of 56.44 and a mixing of Sodium Carbonate of 5% has a hardness value of 52.66 and a mixing of Sodium Carbonate of 7,5% has a hardness value of 55, 32. As for the porosity itself, the result of mixing 2,5% Sodium Carbonate has a porosity of 0.70 mm and a mixing of Sodium Carbonate of 5% has a large Porosity of 0.45 mm and a mixing of Sodium Carbonate of 7,5% has a large porosity of 0.21 mm.
Silica addition effect on optical properties of halide perovskite-PMMA composite film
Authors: Mahen E C S , Nuryadin B W , Irham M A , Aimon A H , Suprijadi S , Iskandar F
Published: March 2021

The effect of silica (SiO2) addition on optical properties of organometal halide perovskite PMMA composite film was studied. The organometal halide perovskite, MAPbBr3, was synthesis using ligand assisted re-precipitation (LARP) method, and then was compose to PMMA and SiO2 directly to make composite films. The absorbances, transmittances, and photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of the samples were characterised using UV Vis and PL spectroscopy. The result shows that the addition of silica leads blueshift on photoluminescence and absorbance spectra. The blue shift reveals one-dimensional confinement effect in perovskite.
Utilization of Bacillus circulans to improve the nutrient quality of rice straw biomass
Authors: Sasongko W T , Mulyana N , Fidara N , Yunita E , Wahyono T
Published: March 2021

Rice straw was an agricultural by product that has potential to be used as forage for ruminant. Ammoniated is technology, commonly to improve the nutrient quality of rice straw. Adding microorganisms to improve the process of rice straw ammoniation could be applied. The aim of this study was to improve the quality of ammoniated rice straw by adding Bacillus circulans and to know the best concentration of B. circulans in ammoniation process. Completely Randomized Design with five treatments and four replications: 1) rice straw (control, RS); 2) ammoniated rice straw with 0% B. circulans (ARS); 3) ammoniated rice straw with 0.075% B. circulans (ARS 0.075): 4) ammoniated rice straw with 0.1% B. circulans (ARS 0.1) and 5) ammoniated rice straw with 0.125% B. circulans (ARS 0.125). Incubation process was applied for 21 days. Results showed that ammoniated rice straw with B. circullans had improved the quality of rice straw such as increased ammonia (NH3). Ammoniated rice straw with 0.1% B. circulans was the best treatment by increased organic matter (OM) and decreased Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) content. Added 0.1% B. circulans also increased crude protein (CP), RFV index and ammonia (NH3). Rice straw ammoniated by adding 0.1% B. circulans could improve nutrient quality and fiber utility of rice straw biomass.
Electrodeposition of Ni-Nitride composite coatings: A review of recent study
Authors: Budi E , Sugihartono I , Indrasari W , Prayitno T B , Nasbey H
Published: March 2021

This work point to a wide potentially on performance improvement of transition metal-based coating system especially Ni-TiN-AlN and Ni-TiN-AlN/Si3N4 composite coatings by using electrodeposition process. Electrodeposition is widely used in metal matrix composite for many industrial applications due to a relatively cheap solution to enhance the composite performance. The aim of this work is to study the influence of various current density and nitride particles concentration on corrosion behaviour of composite coatings. The corrosion test was performed by immersing the deposited composite samples into acid solution for 2 hours. The results showed that the corrosion rate of Ni-TiN-AlN and Ni-TiN-AlN/Si3N4 composite coatings tend to increase as the current density was increased. While, the corrosion rate of Ni-TiN-AlN composite coatings at various nitride (TiN, AlN) particles concentration tend to decrease as the nitride (TiN, AlN) particles concentration was increased. It was shown that corrosion resistance of Ni-TiN-AlN/Si3N4 composite coatings at various Si3N4 was excellent due to the effectively incorporation of the Si3N4 particles as the corrosion barrier.
Analysis of type insect in Javanese Edelweiss (Anaphalis javanica) at Tegal Bungbrun Papandayan Mountain
Authors: Hernawan H , Abdussalam R , Taofik D B I , Susila A A R
Published: March 2021

This research is raining to find out the insect species, diversity index, abundance value, evenness value, dominance index, and insect density value on Javanese Edelweiss (Anaphalis javanica) in Tegal Bungbrun, Mount Papandayan. In this study the method used was purposive sampling using quadratic and Pitfal-trap techniques. The results obtained as many as 13 species belonging to 10 families and 5 orders with a total number of individuals is 235. The calculation results obtained, namely the diversity index at Tegal Bungbrun, Mount Papandayan of 1.0216, including at a moderate level, the highest abundance of insect species among 13 species, namely Apis andreniformis species with a value of 0.1957 are at abundant levels. Evenness value is 0.9171 which means that the insect evenness is in a stable condition. Insect dominance value of 1.9969 included in low dominance, dominated by Apis andreniformis of 0.3915. A density value of 9.4 is included in the low density category.
Reduced graphene oxide-based Transparent Conductive Films: The preliminary review of reductant materials agent
Authors: Iasha V , Wahyudiana E , Sumantri M S , Marini A , Setiawan B , Rahmawati D
Published: March 2021

This review aims to present reductant materials that can be used to reduce the oxygen content of graphene oxide which supports the manufacturing of TCF so the development of TCF increases in the future. Reducing agents are separated into two types i.e. toxic materials and green materials. The method that was used to make TCF based on graphene oxide reduction in this paper review was drop-casting, spray coating, vacuum filtration, and spin coating. From the results of the study, it was found that the resistance sheet for each reductant material ranged from 3.4×109 to 52.2 Ω/sq. Besides, the use of toxic reductant materials still dominates as a reducing agent because it has a lower sheet resistance than the green reductant materials. Although there are still many challenges in the study of the transparent conductive film based on reduced graphene oxide, the information in this review is expected to contribute to the development of various optoelectronic devices, especially for the development of flexible, portable, and smart device.
Aniline concentration-dependent surface area of emeraldine salt polyaniline
Authors: Ayuningsih A , Budi S , Paristiowati M , Fahdiran R , Handoko E , Sugihartono I
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we have reported a study on the surface area of emeraldine phase polyaniline prepared from different concentration of aniline. Polyaniline was prepared using oxidative polymerization at low temperature. A Fourier infrared spectrometer and X-ray diffractometer were used to confirm the formation of the conductive phase of polyaniline. The Brunner-Emmet-Teller (BET) surface area of polyaniline was obtained at a relatively low concentration of aniline. The highest BET value was 611.88 m2/g.
Waste of rice straw as renewable energy: An overview of the potential availability, content, and production process
Authors: Ana A , Khoerunnisa I , Muktiarni M , Dwiyanti V , Maosul A
Published: March 2021

Indonesia’s crude oil balance has been in deficit during the last decade. The increase in domestic crude oil consumption is inversely proportional to its production. New crude oil reserves are needed to anticipate a prolonged energy crisis. This study examines the potential of agricultural waste as a renewable energy source that can be produced in terms of availability, content, and production process. A systematic literature review was chosen as the method of this study. The biomass content in agricultural was can be used as bioenergy raw material, one of which is lignocellulose. Rice waste is an agricultural waste that is available in large quantities and contains high lignocellulose. Through biochemical processes, lignocellulose is broken down into lignin in the pre-treatment process. Cellulose is converted into glucose using acids in the process of hydrolysis. The conversion of glucose into ethanol is carried out in the fermentation process. Bioethanol is purified by a distillation process to increase the ethanol content. The high content of lignocellulose in rice waste and high annual production in various regions in Indonesia is a major potential. A comparison of the availability of agricultural waste as raw material for bioethanol is discussed.
Crystallinity and surface morphology of the Poly Ethylene Glycol-added cholesteryl acrylate-ITO composites
Authors: Afrizal A , Budi S , Ismail M , Gracia G , Intan I , Bryan B
Published: March 2021

Composite of cholesteryl acrylate-ITO nanoparticle was synthesized with the addition of polyethylenegycol (PEG). The crystallinity and surface morphology of the composites were investigated. XRD pattern of that product showed peaks in 2θ at 21° and confirmed a nematic phase. Therefore, added PEG could be changed the structures liquid crystal of cholesteryl acrylate. Percent crystallinity of the composites with different PEG variations of 0.001, 0.002, 0.003, 0.004, and 0.005 are0.001 is 8.14%, 12.41%, 14.85%, 7.11, and 8.66%, respectively. SEM image of the composite with PEG 0,003 indicated showed the formation of rods and chains crosslinking indicating successful photopolymerizations process. Those conditions made polymer to be micelle that affect their conductivity due to aggregation.
Fire ignition of NYM cable shield vapor on excessive electric current in multi core cables
Authors: Setyadi P , Kusumohadi C S , Triyono T , Yoga N G , Sutrisno H H
Published: March 2021

People oftenky use electrical appliances exceeds the technical specifications, but if done technically prevention of the manufacture of the cable to prevent the occurrence of fire, the fire risk will be minimized. Under the rules of SNI, heated wires or fed by the overcurrent, to be able to not burn. However, in some ocassions, electrical wires burned and turned into a heat source for fires. NYM cable flame characteristics in the event of overload currents, laminar diffusion flame occurs, the process of liquefaction, pyrolysis, diffusion, and combustion clearly seen. NYM cable flame propagation patterns in the incidence of overload start happening at that point reaches ignition temperature, which occurs due to an electric wire heat reaching the melting temperature of copper. Flame propagates in all directions where their fume and oxygen along the cable and around the cable. In certain circumstances, occur splash / explosion of the fuel to evaporate.
Construction of low-cost 3D scanner using triangulation and Screened Poisson Surface Reconstruction techniques
Authors: Saptaji K , Faizul M , Fakhri A
Published: March 2021

The application of 3D scanner technology among industrial practitioner in Indonesia and Malaysia is still at the beginning stage. Compared to others, this technology has already been adapted mostly by growing country such as China, Korea, US, Germany and Italy. This technology can be seen implemented in manufacturing, aerospace, medical and dentistry industries. The concept of 3D scanner technology is mainly to improve the reverse engineering process. Due to the high cost of 3D scanner machine available in the market, therefore a reasonable cost-effective 3D scanner is needed to be developed especially for education purposes. The objective of this project is to develop low-cost 3D scanning setup to create a mesh of a small-scale object with the help of open-sources software for 3D scanning and 3D mesh processing. Triangulation technique was used for the scanning process to capture the object surface. Screened Poisson Surface Reconstruction techniques was applied to improve the uncomplete and uneven surface mesh. In order to test the setup, 3D scanning was conducted on 4 different objects with different colours and surface finish. The scanning results show that the proposed method produced a good 3D mesh with less noise and less uncomplete surface.
Mini incinerator water treatment plant (IPAL) innovation
Authors: Jumhur A A , Syaefudin E A , Avianti R A
Published: March 2021

To reduce the landfill load against the accumulation of waste, incineration can be one solution, but in the process of combustion of trash, it causes an adverse impact in the form of air pollution. The purpose of this study is to treat wastewater using a filter on the incinerator. Wastewater treatment utilized is a filtration process using filtering media in the form of zeolite and activated carbon. It is expected that the addition of the filter can reduce the content of harmful particles in the incinerator combustion water. The design method used is the design method VDI 2221. The results of the study are (1) Design of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) on a mini incinerator by selecting the 4th variation on the grounds that the test results show that the 4th variation is the most optimal, (2) The results of the combustion wastewater test results on the incinerator, there are 3 items still above the threshold are BOD, COD and TSS.
Construction of vibration monitoring system based on Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) for machining process
Authors: Azmi F N , Saptaji K , Fikri M R
Published: March 2021

At present, the wired vibration sensor monitoring system for rotating machinery has been successfully implemented in the modern industry. Regardless of its advantages such as real-time transmission and the fast response, the complex configuration can cause a problem such as tucked cables and higher cost as it is employed in large equipment. Therefore, in this current study, the vibration monitoring system based on Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is developed. The new monitoring system proposed in this study involves the utilization of the Xbee module, Raspberry Pi, Arduino UNO, and Grove vibration sensor. Three parameters which are the indoor range, cost optimization, and the capability to connect to the internet are the main considerations to build the system. In order to validate the proposed vibration monitoring system based on WSN, milling experiment was conducted. From the vibration sensor being installed in the milling machine, it can be observed that the system is adequate to accomplish vibration data through wireless connection with the distance about 3 meters. By real time investigation of the vibration data, the system able to recognize any error in the milling process. Therefore, the system capable to prevent failure in the machining process specifically in the milling process.
Surface quality improvement of milled Aluminum-6061 using magnetic abrasive deburring
Authors: Rahma M A , Satrial A , Saptaji K , Asmelash M
Published: March 2021

The milling process commonly used in manufacturing industry requires good surface finish and high surface quality. The occurrence of burrs formed by plastic deformation in milling operations is regarded as one of the major problems. The milling process especially for ductile materials such as aluminium alloys increases the occurrence of burr which will deteriorate the surface quality. In order to improve the surface finish and surface quality, several finishing and deburring methods can be applied. One of the methods is magnetic abrasive deburring. The magnetic abrasive deburring is a method utilizing magnetic force and abrasive particles. In this study, the effect of abrasives particle compositions in the magnetic abrasive deburring for end-milled slots on Aluminum-6061 alloy are observed. The slots milling experiment was conducted by using semi-CNC milling machine. The slots are subsequently deburred using the mixture of abrasive particle, carbonyl iron, and medium fluid of polypropylene glycol attached to a magnetic rod. The observation aims to find the high surface quality and optimum composition for the mixture. Visual surface analysis shows the optimum compositions of the abrasive mixture are 45% abrasive particles and the carbonyl iron mixture with 55% composed of the medium fluid.
Experimental study of two-stage vertical axis hydrofoil water turbine NACA 64-212 with variation of blades number
Authors: Fadlil M F , Fahruddin A , Akbar A
Published: March 2021

Efforts to utilize the potential energy sources of water flow for electricity generation generally using water turbines. One of them is the hydrofoil turbine which can work without any water head, by utilizing the speed of the river flow. This study aims to determine the power and efficiency generated by a prototype hydrofoil water turbine with a multi-stage installation. This experiment used a hydrofoil turbine with NACA 64-212 standard with variations in the number of blades: 4, 5, and 6 blades on the second stage. The experimental results show that the highest total power is 2.5 Watt at the number of blades 6 at a water discharge of 0.057 m3/s. While the greatest efficiency produced was 7.47% with the number of blades 6 at a water discharge of 0.036 m3/s.
Effect of preheating on the hardness and microstructure in Shielded Metal Arc Weldments of A283 B
Authors: Akbar A , Mulyadi M , Wiyono N H
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of heating on the welding process of SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding) in terms of hardness and microstructure of welded metal. Much welding has been done by preheating but below the temperature used below the initial martensitic temperature which reaches 452° C, this data is sourced from research by S. Zheng et.al and Y. Huang et.al. For this reason, an experiment was carried out with heat temperatures above a martensitic temperature of 500° C. The results show that in the Weld Metal area the pearlite structure appears larger, the effect of current strength on HAZ width is directly proportional, the greater the current strength, the wider HAZ, and hardness are affected by the rough grains of martensite.
Comparative study on the high-temperature oxidation resistance of porous and solid TiNi-based alloys
Authors: Marchenko Ekaterina , Baigonakova Gulsharat , Dubovikov Kirill , Yasenchuk Yuri , Chekalkin Timofey , Obrosov Aleksei
Published: March 2021

The present work aims to characterize the surface features of solid and porous (sintered and SHS) TiNi-based alloys subjected to oxidation at 1000 °C in static air in the context of their resistance to high-temperature atmospheric attack. Clear differences between the intact and oxidated surfaces indicate the complexity of a chemicothermal diffusion process evolving therein. Microscopic and XRD studies showed that the dominant superficial constituent in all oxidated samples is titanium dioxide in the rutile modification. The phase and structural properties of the surface layers suggest that porous sintered and solid alloys are most susceptible to high-temperature corrosion due to bare reactive surfaces, which negatively affects their overall biocompatibility. Surface morphology analysis revealed microporous and loose superficial layers having a thickness of 8–10 and 50–60 μm, respectively in the solid and sintered alloy. Also, these alloys showed a high content of leaching NiO and free Ni within the surface layer. Conversely, a thin (0.5–0.6 μm), dense, and multifarious layer of oxycarbonitrides Ti4Ni2(O,N,C) concealing the porous SHS-TiNi matrix inhibits the negative effect of high-temperature oxidation.
A practical method for incorporation of Fe (III) in Titania matrix for photocatalytic applications
Authors: Khalid Awais , Ahmad Pervaiz , Alharth Abdulrahman I , Muhammad Saleh , Khandaker Mayeen Uddin , Faruque Mohammad Rashed Iqbal , Din Israf Ud , Alotaibi Mshari A
Published: March 2021

The unprecedented catalytic role of Iron (III) nitrate nonahydrate (Fe (NO3)3·9H2O) has been explored in a top-down technique for the synthesis and Iron (III) doping of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs). In the experimental procedure, the chosen 1:1 ratio of Fe (NO3)3·9H2O and TiO2 bulk powder is allowed to work hydrothermally in top-down synthesis and Fe-doping of (TiO2) nanoparticles. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) shows the particle structure or morphology of the Fe-doped TiO2-NPs. Raman and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is used to study the composition and iron-content at the surface of the synthesized nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern has several peaks for α-Fe2O3 corresponds to Iron doping in the synthesized nanoparticles of (TiO2). The current technique provides a practical method for maximum yield and high quality of Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles for its potential photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications in modern technologies.
Molten salt electrodeposition of aluminum on mild steel: effect of process parameters on surface morphology and corrosion properties
Authors: Izadpanah S Motahareh , Aboutalebi M Reza , Adeli Mandana
Published: March 2021

The electrodeposition of aluminum on mild steel in a molten salt electrolyte consisting of a mixture of AlCl3/NaCl/KCl (weight percent ratio of 80:10:10) was studied. Parametric studies were carried out to evaluate the effect of different parameters such as current density, electrolysis time, and intermediate coating layer on the coating morphology and coating-to-substrate adhesion. The quality and morphology of the coating were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and x-ray map analyses. The effect of heat treatment of the coated samples on the interface stability and formation of intermetallic compounds at the Al-Fe interface was also investigated. Cross-sectional examination by SEM as well as energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) line scan showed that upon annealing at temperatures in the range of 350 °C–550 °C, brittle Fe-Al intermetallic layers were formed at the interface. This shows that high-temperature service conditions can adversely affect the coating properties. The apparent activation energy of the formation of such intermetallic layers was calculated based on thickness measurements on these layers. The optimum conditions for electroplating were determined as current density of 0.022 A.cm−2 and electroplating time of 60 min. Potentiodynamic polarization tests were used to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the samples in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. Considering the corrosion rate of coated samples which is much lower than the bare substrate, it was concluded that the electrodeposited coatings could efficiently protect the steel substrate against corrosion in corrosive media.