bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What matters: non-pharmaceutical interventions for COVID-19 in Europe
Authors: Liu Yan , Yu Qiuyan , Wen Haoyu , Shi Fang , Wang Fang , Zhao Yudi , Hong Qiumian , Yu Chuanhua
Published: January 2022

Objectives

The purpose of this study is to describe the situation of COVID-19 in European countries and to identify important factors related to prevention and control.

Methods

We obtained data from World Health Statistics 2020 and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). We calculated the Rt values of 51 countries in Europe under different prevention and control measures. We used lasso regression to screen factors associated with morbidity and mortality. For the selected variables, we used quantile regression to analyse the relevant influencing factors in countries with different levels of morbidity or mortality.

Results

The government has a great influence on the change in Rt value through prevention and control measures. The most important factors for personal and group prevention and control are the mobility index, testing, the closure of educational facilities, restrictions on large-scale gatherings, and commercial restrictions. The number of ICU beds and doctors in medical resources are also key factors. Basic sanitation facilities, such as the proportion of safe drinking water, also have an impact on the COVID-19 epidemic.

Conclusions

We described the current status of COVID-19 in European countries. Our findings demonstrated key factors in individual and group prevention measures.
Comparison of two biosimilarity studies of FKB327 with the adalimumab reference product: randomized phase 1 studies of single-blind, single-dose subcutaneous injection in healthy Japanese male participants
Authors: Yonemura Takuma , Yazawa Rie , Haranaka Miwa , Kawakami Kazuki , Takanuma Masayuki , Kanzo Takumi , Stefanidis Dimitris , Arai Yasumasa
Published: January 2022

Background

FKB327 has been developed as a biosimilar of the adalimumab reference product (RP). We compared the pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and immunogenicity of FKB327 with those of the adalimumab RP after a single dose by subcutaneous (SC) injection in Japanese male participants.

Methods

Two randomized, single-blind, single-dose studies were conducted in healthy Japanese male participants to compare PK characteristics between FKB327 and the RP. Study 1 included 130 participants who were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive a subcutaneous injection of 40 mg of either FKB327 or the RP into the abdomen. In Study 2, another 130 subjects were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either drug as in Study 1, but the drug administration site was changed to the thigh. The primary PK endpoints of both studies were area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to the last measurable concentration (AUC0-t) and maximum serum concentration; area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to 360 h was also evaluated as one of the primary endpoints in Study 1. Biosimilarity in terms of pharmacokinetics was determined if the 90% confidence interval of the mean difference in geometric mean ratio of all primary PK parameters was within the prespecified equivalence criteria (0.80–1.25). Immunogenicity and safety were also evaluated as secondary endpoints.

Results

The serum concentration-time profiles were comparable between the FKB327 and the RP treatment groups in both studies. Primary PK parameters were within the prespecified bioequivalence range in Study 2, although AUC0-t was slightly outside the upper side of the range in Study 1. No differences in safety profile were observed in these studies. The incidence of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) and impact of ADAs on PK profile were similar among the treatment groups in both studies.

Conclusion

Biosimilarity between FKB327 and the RP after a single 40-mg SC injection was confirmed in healthy Japanese male participants by modifying the study design.

Trial registration

jRCT2071200058 (https://jrct.niph.go.jp/en-latest-detail/jRCT2071200058, https://rctportal.niph.go.jp/en/detail?trial_id=jRCT2071200058) and jRCT2071200057 (https://jrct.niph.go.jp/en-latest-detail/jRCT2071200057, https://rctportal.niph.go.jp/en/detail?trial_id=jRCT2071200057). Retrospectively registered 25/11/2020.
The changing landscape of relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma (MM): fundamentals and controversies
Authors: Hernández-Rivas José-Ángel , Ríos-Tamayo Rafael , Encinas Cristina , Alonso Rafael , Lahuerta Juan-José
Published: January 2022

The increase in the number of therapeutic alternatives for both newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) patients has widened the clinical scenario, leading to a level of complexity that no algorithm has been able to cover up to date. At present, this complexity increases due to the wide variety of clinical situations found in MM patients before they reach the status of relapsed/refractory disease. These different backgrounds may include primary refractoriness, early relapse after completion of first-line therapy with latest-generation agents, or very late relapse after chemotherapy or autologous transplantation. It is also important to bear in mind that many patient profiles are not fully represented in the main randomized clinical trials (RCT), and this further complicates treatment decision-making. In RRMM patients, the choice of previously unused drugs and the number and duration of previous therapeutic regimens until progression has a greater impact on treatment efficacy than the adverse biological characteristics of MM itself. In addition to proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, anti-CD38 antibodies and corticosteroids, a new generation of drugs such as XPO inhibitors, BCL-2 inhibitors, new alkylators and, above all, immunotherapy based on conjugated anti-BCMA antibodies and CAR-T cells, have been developed to fight RRMM. This comprehensive review addresses the fundamentals and controversies regarding RRMM, and discusses the main aspects of management and treatment. The basis for the clinical management of RRMM (complexity of clinical scenarios, key factors to consider before choosing an appropriate treatment, or when to treat), the arsenal of new drugs with no cross resistance with previously administered standard first line regimens (main phase 3 clinical trials), the future outlook including the usefulness of abandoned resources, together with the controversies surrounding the clinical management of RRMM patients will be reviewed in detail.
Structures and biological functions of zinc finger proteins and their roles in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Xinxin , Han Mengzhen , Zhang Hongwei , Liu Furong , Pan Yonglong , Zhu Jinghan , Liao Zhibin , Chen Xiaoping , Zhang Bixiang
Published: January 2022

Zinc finger proteins are transcription factors with the finger domain, which plays a significant role in gene regulation. As the largest family of transcription factors in the human genome, zinc finger (ZNF) proteins are characterized by their different DNA binding motifs, such as C2H2 and Gag knuckle. Different kinds of zinc finger motifs exhibit a wide variety of biological functions. Zinc finger proteins have been reported in various diseases, especially in several cancers. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-associated death worldwide, especially in China. Most of HCC patients have suffered from hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) injection for a long time. Although the surgical operation of HCC has been extremely developed, the prognosis of HCC is still very poor, and the underlying mechanisms in HCC tumorigenesis are still not completely understood. Here, we summarize multiple functions and recent research of zinc finger proteins in HCC tumorigenesis and progression. We also discuss the significance of zinc finger proteins in HCC diagnosis and prognostic evaluation.
The Alzheimer susceptibility gene BIN1 induces isoform-dependent neurotoxicity through early endosome defects
Authors: Lambert Erwan , Saha Orthis , Soares Landeira Bruna , Melo de Farias Ana Raquel , Hermant Xavier , Carrier Arnaud , Pelletier Alexandre , Gadaut Johanna , Davoine Lindsay , Dupont Cloé , Amouyel Philippe , Bonnefond Amélie , Lafont Frank , Abdelfettah Farida , Verstreken Patrik , Chapuis Julien , Barois Nicolas , Delahaye Fabien , Dermaut Bart , Lambert Jean-Charles , Costa Marcos R. , Dourlen Pierre
Published: January 2022

The Bridging Integrator 1 (BIN1) gene is a major susceptibility gene for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Deciphering its pathophysiological role is challenging due to its numerous isoforms. Here we observed in Drosophila that human BIN1 isoform1 (BIN1iso1) overexpression, contrary to human BIN1 isoform8 (BIN1iso8) and human BIN1 isoform9 (BIN1iso9), induced an accumulation of endosomal vesicles and neurodegeneration. Systematic search for endosome regulators able to prevent BIN1iso1-induced neurodegeneration indicated that a defect at the early endosome level is responsible for the neurodegeneration. In human induced neurons (hiNs) and cerebral organoids, BIN1 knock-out resulted in the narrowing of early endosomes. This phenotype was rescued by BIN1iso1 but not BIN1iso9 expression. Finally, BIN1iso1 overexpression also led to an increase in the size of early endosomes and neurodegeneration in hiNs. Altogether, our data demonstrate that the AD susceptibility gene BIN1, and especially BIN1iso1, contributes to early-endosome size deregulation, which is an early pathophysiological hallmark of AD pathology.
Integrated interpretation of pXRF data on ancient nephrite artifacts excavated from Tomb No.1 in Yuehe Town, Henan Province, China
Authors: Chen Dian , Yang Yimin , Qiao Baotong , Li Jingpu , Luo Wugan
Published: January 2022

Previous studies of ancient jade using portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) have mostly focused on mineral identification, alteration status and provenance determination. It is usually used as an auxiliary instrument for spectroscopic detection with finer resolution. However, there is no substitute for the efficiency and stability of pXRF in-situ non-destructive analysis, which is less affected by the test environment. The scale of the data from the pXRF analysis did not allow for a more in-depth interpretation of ancient jade in the past. In this study, pXRF has been carried out for a total of 112 pieces of nephrite artifacts unearthed from the Yuehe tomb No.1 in Nanyang City, Henan Province, Central China. Certain patterns become clearer as the size of the data increases. The coefficient of variation, cluster analysis and correlation analysis can be used to separate elements into different assemblages, revealing whether the elements are from the primary and impurity minerals of nephrite itself, from the burial microenvironment in the soil, or even from other specific sources. In addition, most of the secondary whitening occurring in the batch of nephrite are accompanied by an increase in Ca content, confirming the previously refuted theory of calcification. More importantly, the principal component analysis of the twin nephrite artifacts suggests visually indistinguishable elemental changes caused by secondary changes, which may lead to misjudgment of ancient nephrite provenance using elemental data.
Paper mulberry fruit juice: a novel biomass resource for bioethanol production
Authors: Ajayo Pleasure Chisom , Huang Mei , Zhao Li , Tian Dong , Jiang Qin , Deng Shihuai , Zeng Yongmei , Shen Fei
Published: January 2022

By way of broadening the use of diverse sustainable bioethanol feedstocks, the potentials of Paper mulberry fruit juice (PMFJ), as a non-food, sugar-based substrate, were evaluated for fuel ethanol production. The suitability of PMFJ was proven, as maximum ethanol concentration (56.4 g/L) and yield (0.39 g/g) were achieved within half a day of the start of fermentation, corresponding to very high ethanol productivity of 4.7 g/L/hr. The established potentials were further optimally maximized through the response surface methodology (RSM). At the optimal temperature of 30 °C, yeast concentration of 0.55 g/L, and pH of 5, ethanol concentration, productivity, and yield obtained were 73.69 g/L, 4.61 g/L/hr, and 0.48 g/g, respectively. Under these ideal conditions, diverse metal salts were afterward screened for their effects on PMFJ fermentation. Based on a two-level fractional factorial design, nutrient addition had no positive impact on ethanol production. Thus, under the optimal process conditions, and without any external nutrient supplementation, bioethanol from PMFJ compared favorably with typical sugar-based energy crops, highlighting its resourcefulness as a high-value biomass resource for fuel ethanol production.

Graphical Abstract
Convergent Validity of Ratings of Perceived Exertion During Resistance Exercise in Healthy Participants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lea John W. D. , O’Driscoll Jamie M. , Hulbert Sabina , Scales James , Wiles Jonathan D.
Published: January 2022

Background

The validity of ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) during aerobic training is well established; however, its validity during resistance exercise is less clear. This meta-analysis used the known relationships between RPE and exercise intensity (EI), heart rate (HR), blood lactate (BLa), blood pressure (BP) and electromyography (EMG) to determine the convergent validity of RPE as a measure of resistance exercise intensity and physiological exertion, during different forms of resistance exercise. Additionally, this study aims to assess the effect of several moderator variables on the strength of the validity coefficients, so that clearer guidance can be given on the use of RPE during resistance exercise.

Methods

An online search of 4 databases and websites (PubMed, Web of Science SPORTDiscus and ResearchGate) was conducted up to 28 February 2020. Additionally, the reference lists of the included articles were inspected manually for further unidentified studies. The inclusion criteria were healthy participants of any age, a rating scale used to measure RPE, resistance exercise of any type, one cohort receiving no other intervention, and must present data from one of the following outcome measures: EI, HR, BP, EMG or BLa. Weighted mean effect sizes (r) were calculated using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using theτ2andI2statistics. Moderator analysis was conducted using random-effects meta-regression.

Results

One-hundred and eighteen studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, with 75 studies (99 unique cohorts) included in the meta-analysis. The overall weighted mean validity coefficient was large (0.88; 95% CI 0.84–0.91) and between studies heterogeneity was very large (τ2 = 0.526,I2 = 96.1%). Studies using greater workload ranges, isometric muscle actions, and those that manipulated workload or repetition time, showed the highest validity coefficients. Conversely, sex, age, training status, RPE scale used, and outcome measure no significant effect.

Conclusions

RPE provides a valid measure of exercise intensity and physiological exertion during resistance exercise, with effect sizes comparable to or greater than those shown during aerobic exercise. Therefore, RPE may provide an easily accessible means of prescribing and monitoring resistance exercise training.

Trial RegistrationThe systematic review protocol was registered on the PROSPERO database (CRD42018102640).
Comparison of expression profiles between undifferentiated and differentiated porcine IPEC-J2 cells
Authors: Pi Guolin , Song Wenxin , Wu Zijuan , Li Yali , Yang Huansheng
Published: January 2022

Background

The intestinal porcine enterocyte cell line (IPEC-J2) is a well-established model to study porcine intestinal physiology. IPEC-J2 cells undergo spontaneous differentiation during culture while changes in expression patterns of differentiated IPEC-J2 remain unclear. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the expression profiles of IPEC-J2 cells at the transcriptional level. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs), enriched pathways and potential key genes were identified. Alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and percentages of apoptotic cells were also measured.

Results

Overall, a total of 988 DEGs were identified, including 704 up-regulated and 284 down-regulated genes. GO analysis revealed that epithelial cell differentiation, apoptotic signaling pathway, regulation of cytokine production and immune system process, regulation of cell death and proliferation, cell junction complexes, and kinase binding were enriched significantly. Consistently, KEGG, REACTOME, and CORUM analysis indicated that cytokine responses modulation may be involved in IPEC-J2 differentiation. Moreover, AKP activity, a recognized marker of enterocyte differentiation, was significantly increased in IPEC-J2 after 14 days of culture. Meanwhile, annexin V-FITC/PI assay demonstrated a remarkable increase in apoptotic cells after 14 days of culture. Additionally, 10 hub genes were extracted, and STAT1, AKT3, and VEGFA were speculated to play roles in IPEC-J2 differentiation.

Conclusions

These findings may contribute to the molecular characterization of IPEC-J2, and may progress the understanding of cellular differentiation of swine intestinal epithelium.
Cribriform-morular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma with poorly differentiated features: report of a case and review of the literature
Authors: Sharma Kusum L. , Singh Ravi B. , Fidda Nisreen , Lloyd Ricardo V.
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Cribrifrom-morular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (CMVPTC) is an uncommon thyroid neoplasm that occurs predominantly in women and is sometime associated with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Some of these tumors may undergo dedifferentiation to poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC). We describe a rare case of this carcinoma in a women without a history of FAP.

Case presentation

A 49-year-old woman with a history of breast carcinoma presented with a thyroid mass. A CMVPTC was diagnosed after excision. There was no history of FAP. Histological examination showed classical features of CMVPTC in most areas, but about 20% of the carcinoma showed features of a poorly differentiated carcinoma with a solid pattern of growth, increase mitotic activity and a high Ki-67 proliferative index (25%). Immunohistochemical stains were positive for nuclear and cytoplasmic beta catenin staining. These special studies supported the diagnosis.

Conclusion

CMVPTC with dedifferentiation to PDTC is a rare carcinoma with only 4 previous documented cases in the literature. This aggressive variant of thyroid carcinoma is more common in females, as is CMVPTC, and is often associated with an aggressive biological course. The cases usually express nuclear beta catenin and estrogen, progesterone and androgen receptors have been reported in some cases. Some cases may have somatic alterations of the APC gene and TERT promoter mutations. These carcinomas may metastasize to lung, bones and lymph nodes. Because of its aggressive behavior, patient with this diagnosis should be treated aggressively to control disease spread and mortality from the carcinoma.
Efficacy of neural prolotherapy versus local corticosteroid soft tissue injection for treatment of chronic anserine bursitis: a prospective randomized clinical trial
Authors: Saba Emmanuel Kamal Aziz
Published: January 2022

Background

Anserine bursitis is characterized by the presence of spontaneous pain with tenderness at the inferomedial aspect of the knee joint. Neural prolotherapy aims to relieve pain of a variety of chronic musculoskeletal disorders. The study aim was to explore the short-term efficacy of neural prolotherapy (subcutaneous perineural injection of dextrose 5% solution) versus local corticosteroid injection for pain relief and improvement of function in patients with chronic anserine bursitis. The enrolled patients were randomly assigned to receive neural prolotherapy (subcutaneous perineural injection of dextrose 5% solution) (neural prolotherapy group) or a single local soft tissue injection of corticosteroid (corticosteroid group). Outcome measures included Western Ontario McMasters Universities osteoarthritis index, assessment of overall anserine bursitis pain severity using the visual analogue scale, patient’s global assessment of anserine bursitis severity using the visual analogue scale, and clinical assessment for the presence of tenderness on the anserine bursa region. Patients were evaluated before injection and after intervention by 4 weeks.

Results

The study included 67 lower limbs from 43 patients with chronic anserine bursitis. No significant differences were found between both treatment groups regarding all assessed parameters at the start of the study. After 4 weeks, within-group analysis showed that there was a statistically significant improvement in Western Ontario McMasters Universities osteoarthritis index and its subscales (P ≤ 0.0001), overall anserine bursitis pain severity (P ≤ 0.0001), and patient’s global assessment of anserine bursitis severity (P ≤ 0.0001), as well as there was significant improvement regarding the presence of tenderness at the anserine bursa region in both groups in comparison to the preinjection assessment. At the postinjection assessment, between-group analysis showed that there were no significant differences regarding all assessed outcome parameters. All patients in both groups tolerated the injection procedure and were satisfied with the procedure. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding patients’ satisfaction to the procedure results. Improvement was achieved in 86.4% of patients included in the neural prolotherapy group versus 95.2% of patients included in the corticosteroid group.

Conclusions

Neural prolotherapy was effective in relieving pain, improving local tenderness and function in patients with chronic anserine bursitis similar to local corticosteroid injection.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, registration number: NCT04509440. Registered 12 August 2020—Retrospectively registered,
The Optimism–Pessimism Short Scale–2 (SOP2): a comprehensive validation of the English-language adaptation
Authors: Nießen Désirée , Groskurth Katharina , Kemper Christoph J. , Rammstedt Beatrice , Lechner Clemens M.
Published: January 2022

The Optimism–Pessimism Short Scale–2 (SOP2) described in this article measures the psychological disposition of optimism with two items. SOP2 is the English-language adaptation of an originally for the German language developed scale. Because an empirical validation of this English-language SOP2 was hitherto lacking, the aim of the present study was to assess the psychometric properties (objectivity, reliability, validity) of the English-language adaptation and to investigate measurement invariance across both language versions using heterogeneous quota samples from the UK and Germany. Our results show that the English-language adaptation has satisfactory reliability coefficients and is correlated with 10 external variables in the study (e.g., self-esteem, Emotional Stability, life satisfaction). Moreover, scalar measurement invariance of the scale holds when comparing the UK and Germany, implying the comparability of latent (co)variances and latent means across the two nations. As an ultra-short scale with a completion time of < 20 s, SOP2 lends itself particularly to the assessment of dispositional optimism in survey contexts in which assessment time or questionnaire space are limited. It can be applied in a variety of research disciplines, such as psychology, sociology, or economics.
Enhancing corrosion resistance of RC pipes using geopolymer mixes when subjected to aggressive environment
Authors: Omer Lamiaa M. , Gomaa Mohamed S. , Sufe Waleed H. , Elsayed Alaa A. , Elghazaly Hany A.
Published: January 2022

The durability of reinforced concrete (RC) pipes depends upon the corrosion resistance of the reinforcing steel and the resistance of concrete mixes against an aggressive environment. This research paper aims to compare the performance of R.C. pipes made of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete mixtures with others made of two different geopolymer concrete mixes based on different ratios of granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS), fly ash (FA), and pulverized red brick (RB) subjected to three different environments, ambient, tap water (TW), and an aggressive environment, and a solution of 10% magnesium sulfates + 5% chloride (MS-CL). An accelerated corrosion setup has been applied to accelerate the corrosion process in the tested samples. The evaluation of change of compressive strength of concrete and microstructure of different mixes was investigated too. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has been studied on all pipes. Geopolymer concrete mixes based on 90% GBFS and 10% RB show better results in all cases. Geopolymer concrete mixes based on 63% GBFS, 27% FA, and 10% RB increase the concrete compressive strength in the magnesium sulfate and chloride environment by 5% compared to tap water. It can be concluded that the geopolymer concrete mixes produced of 90% GBFS and 10% RB perform well under all environments, and its microstructure shows stable behavior in an aggressive environment.
Family law
Authors: Ablyatipova Natal'ya , Aminova Farida , Bodurova Gulshan , Voytovich Elena , Dorzhieva Svetlana , Podkorytova Ol'ga , Purge Anna , Tarasova Anna , Usacheva Elena , Himatov Habibullo
Published: January 2022

The textbook outlines the main issues of the family law course: the concept and subject of family law, the grounds for applying civil legislation and international law to family relations, the exercise and protection of family rights, marital legal relations, the rights and obligations of parents and children, the placement of children left without parental care, the application of family law to relations involving foreign persons and stateless persons, etc.
Prepared in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard of higher Education of the latest generation and the main professional educational program of higher education in the field of training "Jurisprudence".
For students of law schools and faculties, graduate students, teachers, researchers and practitioners, bachelors, specialists in the field of family law, as well as all interested readers.
Documents and information required for customs operations
Authors: Elfimova Ol'ga , Luzina Tat'yanv , Vakorina Elena , Vysockaya Valeriya
Published: January 2022

The textbook outlines issues related to the procedure for submitting documents and information necessary for customs operations when moving goods across the customs border of the Eurasian Economic Union. Based on the provisions of international regulatory legal acts regulating the transportation of goods by various modes of transport, as well as the provisions of the customs legislation of the Eurasian Economic Union and the Russian Federation, the content of the main documents required for customs operations is disclosed. At the end of each chapter there are questions for self-control and tasks for independent work.
It is intended for students in the specialty 38.05.02 "Customs", it can be useful for declarants, specialists in customs operations.
GRAIN YIELD OF SOYBEAN VARIETIES OF DIFFERENT MATURITY GROUPS IN THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION
Authors: Bulatova Kseniya
Published: January 2022

The experiments were carried out in non-watering conditions of the forest-steppe of the middle Volga region in the fields of Samara Research Institute in 2016-2018. The purpose of the research is to study the features of grain yield formation in soybean varieties of different maturity groups in order to create new varieties of Volga ecotype with high and stable grain yield. The material for the study was 29 soybean varieties of different agroecotypes and maturity groups. Standard is Samer 3. Observations and records were carried out according to the generally accepted methodology. Meteorological conditions in 2016-2018 characterized as arid, the hydrothermal coefficient varied from 0.5 to 0.7. On average, over the years of testing, the studied varieties were classified as very early – with a vegetation period of 86…90 days (8 varieties) and early 91…109 days (21 varieties), including the Samer 3 standard, ripeness groups. The high grain yield over the years of testing was in the early ripeness group - 1.95 t/ha. The sum of active temperatures above 10°C (r=+0.993…+0.999) and the amount of precipitation (r=+0.845…+0.939) had a significant impact on the duration of vegetation of both groups of ripeness in all years. A significant influence of the hydrothermal coefficient and the average daily temperature on the duration of vegetation was, revealed in 2017 and 2018. The correlation of vegetation duration with the hydrothermal coefficient was r=-0.767…-0.977, and with an average daily temperature of r=-0.902…-0.970. Among the varieties of different groups of ripeness, high seed yields (2.00…2.21 t/ha) on average over the years of testing had: Oressa, Swapa, Samer 1, Lira, Cordoba, Lisbon, Malaga
STATISTICAL STUDY OF SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE AT THE MESO-LEVEL
Authors: Klychova Guzaliya , Tsypin Alexander , Valiev Ayrat
Published: January 2022

Significant transformations in the Russian economy in 1990-2000 negatively affected the development of agriculture. The number of workers in the industry has declined, and the production of some types of products has dropped to catastrophic levels. In this regard, we consider it timely and necessary to conduct a statistical study of the state of the industry at the meso-level and the factors that influence it. The aim of the research is to study the development of agriculture at the meso-level in the historical aspect based on statistical methods for assessing the current and forecasting future states. The object of research is Orenburg region and its municipalities, which is due to a number of reasons: the region occupies a stable leading position in the agriculture of Volga Federal District; the industry’s contribution to GRP is about 8%; municipalities of the region are in unequal conditions that affect the development of agriculture in the region. The development of crop production in Orenburg region in 1991-2019 characterized by an increase in sunflower production and a lateral trend in gross grain harvest, while the production of silage, annual and perennial grasses significantly decreased. The lack of a forage base against the background of low early maturity led to a significant reduction in the number of cattle - this negatively affected milk production in the region. Meat production managed to keep from falling only due to the growth of poultry population. The construction of regression models based on panel data covering 35 municipalities (period 2000-2019 and 5 variables) showed that three factors influence the volume of agricultural production - the availability of acreage, investment in fixed assets and the number of cattle. The constructed statistically significant regression model with fixed effects indicates a stable structure of producers and the presence of hidden factors. This determines the direction of further research, which consists in identifying latent variables that have a significant impact on the development of the region’s industry
LIVESTOCK IN KAZAKHSTAN: DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS
Authors: Seitov Sanat
Published: January 2022

The research was carried out in order to highlight the main problems that impede the increase in the competitiveness of Kazakhstani animal husbandry. The indicators of productivity (milk yield, shearing of wool from one sheep, etc.), as well as aggregated data (production volumes, indices of the physical volume of gross production) were used as criteria for assessing the development of the industry. In Kazakhstan, the share of beef pedigree cattle in 2019 accounted for only 11.5% of the total cattle population. The average live weight of cattle was 336 kg, the average slaughter weight was 175 kg, which is 2 times lower than world standards, the average live weight of 1 bird was 2.2 kg. The republic has a weak base for the production of basic feed for the fattening contingent, due to which its supply with such feed is at the level of 57.8% of the scientifically grounded norm. The share of breeding stock of dairy cattle (as of January 1, 2018) is 2.8%, birds of all types - 12.3% of the total livestock, sheep - 14.8%. In modern conditions, in order to increase competitiveness, it is necessary to focus efforts on solving such problems as providing highly productive breeding cattle and poultry; improving the fodder base by expanding the crops of corn, soybeans, alfalfa, chickpea; strengthening of preventive work against especially dangerous animal diseases; adaptation of scientific developments in the field of genetics, selection and fodder production to the current economic conditions in animal husbandry; accelerating the transfer of animal husbandry to new technologies; implementation of international standards for product quality and management
FORENSIC ACCOUNTING EXPERTISE OF PAYMENT WITH PERSONNEL: PROBLEMS AND IMPROVEMENT
Authors: Yumatov Vasiliy , Timchenko Vladimir , Kozmenkova Svetlana , Klychova Guzaliya
Published: January 2022

In modern conditions, forensic examination is of particular importance, which determines its further development as a scientific branch of knowledge and type of activity. Forensic accounting examination of labor and its payment includes determining the correctness of the calculation of wages to employees, planning the wage fund, the correctness of the application of forms of remuneration, calculation of wages (including incentive payments and additional wages, payment for holidays, weekends, downtime), the correctness of attributing to the composition of production costs (work performed, services rendered), payment or non-payment of wages. Forensic accounting expertise of payroll settlements with employees is one of the most demanded subtypes of expertise. However, problems remain in her methodology that need to be resolved. The aim of the study is to develop the theoretical foundations of forensic accounting expertise of payments to personnel. Due to the lack of standard methods, we propose the definition of the subject, object and tasks of forensic accounting expertise of settlements with employees on wages, the types of work of such an examination stage as research, as well as an algorithm for conducting expert research to identify cases of non-payment of wages to employees of the organization. These proposals will optimize the activities of the forensic expert-economist, contribute to the development of methods and organization of forensic accounting expertise, the correctness of calculations with employees on wages and their timely payment
ECOLOGICAL PLASTICITY AND STABILITY OF PROSPECTIVE PEA LINES
Authors: Shakirzyanova Mariya
Published: January 2022

The studies were carried out in order to assess the parameters of the adaptability of promising pea samples in terms of yield to identify the best genotypes for the conditions of middle Volga region. The work was carried out in 2018-2020 in the central zone of Ulyanovsk region. The object of the research was 10 pea samples, the standard was Ukaz variety. According to the methods of S.A. Eberhart, W.A. Russell, V.V. Khangildina and S.P. Martynova determined the adaptability of breeding samples using the following indicators: coefficient of variation (V%), homeostaticity (Hom), breeding value (Sc), stability index (Sj2), linear coefficient regression (bi), point stability estimate (Hi). On average, over three years of research, the greatest increase in yield, compared to the standard, was noted for Ulyanovskiy yubileiny variety - 0.43 t/ha. The genotypes of Ulyanovskiy yubileiny, Viridis and line 657/14 with the smallest values of the coefficients of variation -

14.6, 22.4, 23.4%, respectively, are attributed to the most stable in terms of the coefficient of variation V. The most valuable in terms of plasticity and stability were the Ukaz variety (bi=1.15 and Sj2=0.02) and line 559/11 (1.14 and 0.00 respectively). Line 621/14 (bi=1.42 and Sj2=0.15) was recognized as an intensive variety with very low phenotypic stability and line 752/14

(1.29 and 0.11 respectively), with a reduced variety. Lines 215/11, 533/14, 657/14 were distinguished by very high phenotypic stability (bi=0,91…1,07, Sj2=0,00…0,03). The highest level of homeostaticity in combination with breeding value was observed in the promising pea cultivar Ulyanovskiy Yubileiny (Hom=15.33 and Sc=1.67) and line 215/11 (Hom=7.74 and Sc=1.22). According to the point assessment of Hi stability, significant advantages were revealed in Ulyanovskiy yubileiny variety

(Hi =4.22) and line 215/11 (1.33). According to the sum of the ranks of the six parameters of adaptability, the leading positions were occupied by lines 533/14 (27), 215/11 (32) and promising varieties Ulyanovskiy yubileiny (32), Viridis (32). According to the test results, two samples in 2020 were submitted for state variety testing
SHOOT LOAD EFFECT ON GRAPEVINE PRODUCTIVITY AND VIGOR
Authors: Sirotkina Nadezhda
Published: January 2022

The research was carried out in order to determine the effect of the number of shoots in the structure of bushes on their fruitfulness and annual growth, plant yield and grape quality. The work was carried out using generally accepted methods in viticulture in 2019-2021 in Rostov region. The scheme of the experiment involved the study of the following norms for loading bushes with shoots: 30, 35, 40, 45 pcs/bush. The experiment was carried out on own root plantations of phylloxera-tolerant grape variety Pervenets Magarach, planted in 1986. The feeding area of one plant is 4.5 m2 (planting pattern is 3 m × 1.5 m), the shape of the bushes is a two-sided horizontal cordon with a spare sleeve and a restoration knot (semi-covering). According to fruitfulness (95 and 94%), variants with a load of 30 and 35 shoots/bush, respectively, were identified; fruiting coefficient (K1) in both variants is 1.69. According to the size of the crop, a variant with 45 shoots per bush was selected - 17.0 t/ha with the highest quality of berry juice (mass concentration of sugars 17.9 g/100 cm3, titratable acids - 8.4 g/dm2. In the change in the content of sugars and titratable acids in the yield according to the variants of the experiment, no regularity was revealed, the difference in the value of this indicator is not significant. In terms of the productivity of one vegetative shoot, plants were noted in the variant with 40 shoots in the structure of the bush (178 g).The length of the shoots decreased with an increase in their number per plant from 90 4 cm in the variant with a load of 30 shoots to 82.2 cm in the variant with the maximum number of shoots in the experiment (45 shoots). No pattern was noted in the change in the diameter of the shoots, no significant difference was found between the options. The proportion of shoot ripening had an inverse relationship with their numbers on the plant.
DEVELOPMENT OF METHODOLOGICAL TOOLS FOR INTERNAL CONTROL TO INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF USE OF FIXED ASSETS
Authors: Zakirova Alsu , Klychova Guzaliya , Ziganshin Bulat , Khoruzhy Valery , Nigmatullina Nuriya
Published: January 2022

The basis of the material and technical base of the functioning of enterprises are fixed assets. Therefore, the effective organization of accounting and internal control of operations with fixed assets is one of the important tasks facing the management of any enterprise. The purpose of the study is to improve the methodological tools for internal control of the movement of fixed assets at the enterprise, which contribute to the effective assessment of the accounting system and the conduct of control and analytical procedures. To improve the methodological support of internal control of the movement of fixed assets, an internal control working document (ICWD) “Test for assessing the accounting system of fixed assets” was developed, which allows you to identify critical areas of accounting with a high level of risk and determine the means necessary for conducting control procedures. The ICWD “Report on the presence and safety of fixed assets” and “Checking the execution of primary documents for the disposal of fixed assets” developed in the course of research allow the collection of information to confirm the reality of the articles of the financial statements; to establish the reliability of the facts of disposal of fixed assets and to guarantee the quality of original source documentation. To carry out control measures when checking the depreciation of fixed assets, testing should be carried out on the basis of the “Test for checking the correctness of depreciation” developed by the ICWD, using which you can promptly identify violations in the procedure for calculating depreciation. The proposed working documents will make it possible to carry out control procedures, accumulate evidence that can be used in the formation of a report on the results of the audit and the development of recommendations to improve the efficiency of the financial and economic activities of the enterprise
ACCOUNTING PROVISION OF JUSTIFICATION OF COSTS OF HOP GROWING WITH ITS STATE SUPPORTING (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC)
Authors: Ivanov Evgeniy , Malinina Liya , Pushkarenko Nikolay , Kornilova Lyudmila , Korotkov Anatoliy
Published: January 2022

The modern hop-growing industry occupies a small share in the structure of domestic agricultural production. However, being the main supplier of hops, as the most important agricultural raw material for many sectors of the economy, it has been on the rise in recent years and is increasing production volumes every year. This is largely facilitated by financial government support in terms of reimbursement of current and capital costs associated with the establishment of hops and the cultivation of hops. The purpose of the study is to consider the main theoretical and methodological aspects of organizing production accounting, which will provide unified approaches to justifying costs for filing applications by hop farms for government subsidies. As a result of the analysis, it turned out that there is no updated regulatory framework for accounting for the reflection of costs in hop-growing farms, including the basic industry standard “Hop-growing. Terms and definitions ”, and in the very mechanism for issuing state subsidies, the question of the structure and content of the information carrier about the costs incurred has not been finally worked out. A small number of international and Russian studies to determine the essential characteristics of hops as a biological asset have a negative impact on the construction of the accounting process. Consideration of the theory and study of the practice of organizing the accounting of costs in hop farms made it possible to update the accounting procedures for the main agro-technological stages in accordance with the current regulatory documents in this area and to put forward the thesis on the need to use 1 ton of alpha-acid as a calculating unit and a universal meter when making calculations with counterparties
API as a way to interact with social networks
Authors: Skrypnikov Aleksey , Denisenko Vladimir , Stukalo Oksana , Krasyuk M. , Toropcev V.
Published: January 2022

In the realities of the pandemic, chat bots have become indispensable helpers. They do not need a lot of resources and constant human control. A method of interacting with social networks through a specialized software interface Web API, which is the basis of the REST architecture, is considered. The basic structure of requests for receiving and sending data to servers is presented. On the example of the implementation of a chatbot for vk.com, capable of automating a dialogue with users, the main design stages are presented, including the requirements for the implementation and operation mode based on the client-server architecture, implementation and testing. The project server is implemented on a Raspberry Pi4 single-board computer. Demonstrated code for performing basic queries and implemented a Long Polling approach to continuously track and distribute user messages. Methods were formed to obtain the necessary resources from the server, to declare a new resource on the server, to update information on the server, and to delete certain objects from the database. The result was a patented software product "Intelligent assistant of VSUIT for social networks".
Development of the technology of systems on a chip for a modern electronic component base ECB
Authors: Zhuravleva I. , Popova Elena
Published: January 2022

Without the creation of Russian technology for designing SoC, it is impossible to provide a modern level of VLSI development, both for defense and civil applications. This is in line with global development trends. Nevertheless, it is necessary to highlight only those essential processes that are most consistent with Russian realities and can help in solving specific problems of the defense industry and the economy as a whole at the lowest cost and in the shortest possible time. The most important element of the implementation of SoC technology is the organization of a single sign-on to locate the production of microcircuits based on this technology. This will allow to drastically reduce costs, to certify the system of complex functional blocks, to increase the reliability and sustainability of developments. Even in organizational terms, this will allow an organized firm (conditionally - Silicon Gate) to be included as a certified chip manufacturer in any contracts with MO. The article discusses the structuring of programs for the development of domestic technology of SoC systems on a chip, the coordination of the SoC area of developments and complex functional blocks, as well as their information support.
Circuit engineering methods for ensuring ECB resistance to the effects of heavy charged particles
Authors: Zolnikov V. , Makarenko F. , Zhuravleva I. , Popova Elena , Gridnev Yu. , Litvinova Yuliya
Published: January 2022

The paper considers circuit engineering methods for protecting the electronic component base from the effects of heavy charged particles. One of the main methods is to increase the capacity of the device, which leads to an increase in the capacity of diffusion regions and a decrease in the frequency of single events. The structure of a capacitor is shown, which is connected to various nodes of the circuit to increase the sensitivity of the capacitance of the node. The article focuses on the method of using active RC circuits in the feedback circuit of a storage device cell. The advantages and disadvantages of the methods of using a storage device cell with internal redundancy are noted. The paper shows that the use of circuit engineering methods will provide the required level of fault and fault tolerance to the effects of heavy charged particles.
Simulation of the electroerosion treatment process using neural networks
Authors: Ermilina Ol'ga , Aksenova Elena , Semenov Anatoliy
Published: January 2022

The paper provides formalization and construction of a model of the process of electrical discharge machining. When describing the process, a T-shaped equivalent circuit containing an RLC circuit was used. Determine the transfer function of the proposed substitution scheme. Also, a task is formulated and an algorithm for neural network parametric identification of a T-shaped equivalent circuit is proposed. The problem is posed and an algorithm is developed for neural network parametric identification of the equivalent circuit with a computational experiment, the formation of training samples on its basis, and the subsequent training of dynamic and static neural networks used in the identification problem. The process was simulated in Simulink, Matlab package. Acceptable coincidence of the calculated data with the experimental ones showed that the proposed model of electrical discharge machining reflects real electromagnetic processes occurring in the interelectrode gap.