bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On Integration of the Loaded mKdV Equation in the Class of Rapidly Decreasing Functions
Authors:   Samarkand State University, Khasanov A. B. , Hoitmetov U. A. ,   Urgench State University
Published: December 2021

The paper is devoted to the integration of the loaded modified Kortewegde Vries equation in the class of rapidly decreasing functions. It is well known that loaded differential equations in the literature are usually called equations containing in the coefficients or in the right-hand side any functionals of the solution, in particular, the values of the solution or its derivatives on manifolds of lower dimension. In this paper, we consider the Cauchy problem for the loaded modified Korteweg-de Vries equation. The problem is solved using the inverse scattering method, i.e. the evolution of the scattering data of a non-self-adjoint Dirac operator is derived, the potential of which is a solution to the loaded modified Korteweg-de Vries equation in the class of rapidly decreasing functions. A specific example is given to illustrate the application of the results obtained.
Arte y moral en Iris Murdoch: el buen arte como vehículo para el progreso moral
Authors: Gutiérrez Martínez Rafael Antonio
Published: December 2021

Una de las tesis más importantes de la filosofía moral de Iris Murdoch es aquella de acuerdo con la cual el buen arte ayuda a los seres humanos a ser moralmente mejores. Pese a su importancia, en los textos de Murdoch no siempre queda claro cuáles son las razones que la llevan a sostener esta idea. En este artículo, me propongo rastrear estas razones a partir de una lectura atenta de algunos de sus textos y reconstruir los argumentos que posiblemente tenía en mente la autora. En concreto, propongo que, en la opinión de Murdoch, el buen arte contribuye al progreso moral por dos razones. Primero, porque constituye un entrenamiento para llevar a cabo la tarea de superar la fantasía con miras a ver la realidad. Segundo, porque el arte nos revela la complejidad del mundo. Y superar la fantasía y ver el mundo en su complejidad son cosas esenciales para ser moralmente buenos.
Atmospheric dispersed sedimentary matter over the Barents sea
Authors:   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Shevchenko V.P. , Golobokova L.P. ,   Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sakerin S.M. ,   V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lisitzin A.P. ,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kabanov D.M. ,   V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novigatsky A.N. ,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Panchenko M.V. ,   V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Politova N.V. ,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Polkin V.V. ,   V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Popovicheva O.B. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Khodzher T.V. ,   Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

The concentration and composition of aerosols in the atmosphere over the Barents Sea were studied. Earlier, the contribution of aerosols to the formation of the Arctic environment was underestimated. Our data indicated a noticeable effect of continental aerosol on the atmosphere of the Barents Sea. The relationship of the black carbon concentration and the type of air masses has been established. Its concentration increases hundreds of times in the atmosphere of the sea when continental air is removed. The ionic composition and the content of chemical elements in the insoluble fraction of aerosols of the air over the Barents Sea were studied. The content of most chemical elements (Na, Al, K, Ca, Sc, Fe, Co, Rb, Zr, Cs, Ba, REE, Hf, Ta, Th, U) in the insoluble fraction of aerosols was below the average values for the upper continental crust. The content of Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Ag, Sb, Au, Pb is significantly higher than their average for the upper continental crust, due to the influence of the anthroposphere. Probable sources of anthropogenic pollution of aerosols in the Arctic are discussed.
Regularities and features of ice conditions of the Barents Sea in the second half of XX – early XXI century
Authors:   Hydrometeorological Sientific Research Center of Russian Federation, Dumanskaya I.O.
Published: December 2021

The warming of the Arctic, especially intensified at the beginning of the XXI century, is accompanied by a significant decrease in the area of ice cover in the Arctic seas. The article shows the quantitative changes in the ice parameters of the Barents Sea, as well as factors affecting the formation of ice cover in recent years. In the twenty-first century the frequency of occurrence of mild winters has increased by 17%, the frequency of severe winters has decreased by 19%. Significantly increased the temperature at the meteorological station Malye Karmakuly, water temperature at transect "Kola Meridian", atmospheric and oceanic heat fluxes, and speed of sea currents on the Western border of the Barents sea. The duration of the ice period decreased by an average of 2–3 weeks, and the rate of reduction of ice cover was 7.2% for 10 years. This is the highest speed compared to other Arctic seas. The article shows that the variability of the ice cover of the Barents Sea and other parameters of the natural environment in the region has the cyclic character. Presumably, the cycle period is close to 84 years, which corresponds to the orbital period of Uranium. The minimum sea ice extent after 1935–1945 is expected in the period 2019–2029.
Biogeochemical processes in the Barents sea
Authors:   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lein A.Yu. , Savvichev A.S. ,   Federal State Institution 'Federal Research Centre 'Fundamentals of Biotechnology' of the Russian Academy of Sciences'
Published: December 2021

Biogeochemical processes involving microorganisms play an important role in marine sedimentogenesis. The study of biogeochemical processes in the Barents Sea was carried out from 1997 with interruptions until 2019. Using a complex of geological-geochemical, microbiological, radioisotope and stable isotope methods, it was possible to obtain a quantitative estimate of the total abundance and biomass of microorganisms, rates of biogeochemical processes, methane content and organic matter suspended. In the course of work in four expeditions, it was found that in the surface (0–10 m) water column south of 74° N the magnitude of the total abundance and the biomass of microorganisms increased by 2019 by about 5 times compared to 1998. To the north, in colder waters, the total abundance and the biomass of organisms were lower than in the southern region of the sea. The methane concentration in the surface layer of the water column at the border with the atmosphere did not change much for 20 years (1976–1997) and increased noticeably from 1997 to 2017, from 3.3 to 15.8 nM. The increase in FFM, the biomass of organisms and the concentration of methane in the water column is associated with the melting of glaciers, with the release of organic matter of continental origin released from ice into the water. The results of the work indicate changes in the ecosystem of the Barents Sea.
Fungi of the Barents sea
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Bubnova Е.N. , Bondarenko S.А. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University,   Federal State Institution 'Federal Research Centre 'Fundamentals of Biotechnology' of the Russian Academy of Sciences', Georgievа M.L. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University,   Federal State Institution 'Federal Research Centre 'Fundamentals of Biotechnology' of the Russian Academy of Sciences'
Published: December 2021

The role of marine mycobiota, which includes marine fungi and fungi-like, is, first of all, in the decomposition of detritus, as well as in the formation of symbiotic relationships with other hydrobionts, and most often it is parasitism or mutualism. The paper presents a generalization of data on the mycobiota of the Barents Sea, as the most studied of the Arctic seas. This allowed the authors to evaluate the role of this little-studied component of the ecosystem, as well as to determine future directions of research of marine mycobiota for the Arctic region as a whole.
Zoobentos of the Barents sea
Authors:   Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Denisenko N.V. , Denisenko S.G. ,   Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

Аннотация на английском языке: Based on the analysis of retrospective and recent materials, the species richness of the bottom fauna and the long-term variability of the quantitative characteristics of zoobenthos of the Barents Sea are considered. The role of key taxa in the formation of benthic biomass and its trophic structure is indicated. The negative impact of bottom trawling on benthic fauna is shown and the most vulnerable areas in the basin are identified.
Salt composition and biogenic elements in modern pore waters of the Barents Sea (1997–2019)
Authors:   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lein A.Yu. , Kravchishina M.D. ,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Pavlova G.A. ,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Chultsova A.L. ,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novigatsky A.N. ,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Klyuvitkin A.A. ,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Savvichev A.S. ,   Federal State Institution “Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences”
Published: December 2021

The data (Cl-, SO42-, Ca2+ Alk and biogenic elements) on the salt composition of pore water and the isotopic organic carbon composition of suspended particulate matter, fluffy layer and surface layers (0–30 cm) of bottom sediments in the Barents and Norwegian seas are discussed during the period of the supposed maximum warming in the Arctic region in the 21st century associated with the “atlantification” of the Arctic Ocean.
Grain-size and mineral composition of the upper layer of sediments of the Barents Sea
Authors:   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Politova N.V. , Alekseeva T.N. ,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kozina N.V. ,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kravchishina M.D. ,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Dara O.M. ,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

The paper presents data from grain size and mineralogical analyzes of surface bottom sediment samples obtained on several cruises of the R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh (2016–2018) from different parts of the Barents Sea. Pebble and gravel material is found in surface sediments in the form of impurities scattered throughout the sea. Such a chaotic distribution pattern is apparently associated with ice separation. Coarse material is most common in the Barents Sea off the coast of the Kola Peninsula, off the coast of Novaya Zemlya, Spitsbergen, where it accumulates due to coastal abrasion. In addition, a fraction >1 mm is widespread at depths where fine fractions are stirred and leached. The most common sediments in coastal shallow water are sands. Sands (0.1–1 mm) are widespread in the southern and southeastern regions of the sea, in the region of the Pechora polygon, the Kaninsky shallow water, the Kola Peninsula, and in the northwest, off the coast of Svalbard. With increasing depth, the sands are replaced by mixed sediments with a low admixture of pelite. Pelitic sediments are prevalent in the central part of the sea. Precipitation with a pelitic fraction (<0.01 mm) of more than 50% occupy about 70% of the Barents Sea. They are widespread in deep-sea hollows and trenches, as well as in the numerous fiords of the North Island of Novaya Zemlya and Franz Josef Land. Surface sediments have a predominantly terrigenous composition; only at the border with the Norwegian Sea the proportion of biogenic material increases. The mineral composition of sediments is dominated by quartz and feldspars, clay minerals are mainly represented by illite, smectite and kaolinite.
Geochemical fractions and indicators of sedimentation conditions in the Barents sea
Authors:   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Demina L.L. , Budko D.F. ,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Politova N.V. ,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Alexeeva T.N. ,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novichkova E.A. ,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Solomatina A.S. ,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Aliev R.A. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: December 2021

Research results of geochemical fractions and distribution pattern of the major and trace elements in the sediment cores of the Barents Sea are presented. In the sediment core AMK- 5193, located in the central part of the sea, Al, Cr and Ni were detected predominantly in the lithogenic form (75−97% of the total content) throughout the core. A large or a noticeable portion (from 65% to 30% from total contents) of Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, Co, Mn, and As was found to be accumulated due to hydrogenous processes, such as adsorption on amorphous Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides and clay particles. In the uppermost oxidized layer (0−6 cm) of St. AMK-5193, where the most intensive exchange processes between the solid and liquid phases of bottom sediments happen, a significant increase in the proportion of geochemically mobile fraction of most metals was found. In this part of the core, the maximum content of Fe and Mn in the form of authigenic oxy-hydroxides which serve an effective sorbent of most trace elements, including heavy metals, was recorded. At st. 5194, the downcore rythmic covariation of the Si/Al, Ti/Al and Fe/Al ratios reflecting contribution of terrigenous matrix, as well as Al/Ca ratio (indicator of physical and chemical weathering) was revealed. Moreover, the Al/Ca ratio exhibited an asynchronous change with the Si/Al and Fe/Al ratios. Also, the downcore variation in the Ti/Al ratio was opposite to that of Mn/Fe (an indicator of geochemically mobile fraction). Variation of the Ti/Zr ratio, reflecting the range of aerosol transport of clastic material, is weakly expressed in the AMK-5194 core, which supports the proximity of the terrigenous source.
Petrography of bottom rock material
Authors:   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kharin G.S. , Eroshenko D.V. ,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Bulokhov A.V. ,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Isachenko S.M. ,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Malafeev G.V. ,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

The Quaternary sediments of the Barents Sea contain a large amount of coarse clastic bottom rock material (BRM), with varying degrees of grain roundedness. Its study is important in determining the type and composition of the earth's crust, with paleogeographic constructions and revealing data on the dynamics of the ice cover. Studies of the Barents Sea BRM began in the 20s of the last century. During this period, were formed basically two hypotheses about the relationship between the distribution of BRM with elements of the sea topography and bedrock exposure. One of them considers BRM a marker suitable for identifying petrographic provinces at the bottom of the Barents Sea [Klenova, 1960]. In this chapter, on the basis of new up-to-date data obtained in 67 and 68 cruises of the RV Akademik Mstislav Keldysh in 2016–2017, the grain size, petrochemical and mineral compositions of BRM are estimated, their distribution patterns are given, transportation methods are analyzed and its feasibility is evaluated use in geological mapping. 4,193 samples were processed in Quaternary sediments, among which 86 reference types were identified. It was shown that the diversity of the composition of the Barents Sea BRM depends on glacial and ice-ice spacing. Therefore, the use of BRM for geological mapping of the bottom of the Barents Sea is unsuitable. The petrographic composition of the BRM in different regions of the Barents Sea is subject to significant fluctuations, but in general it is complementary to the set of rocks in the areas of demolition of adjacent land and depends on the extent of exaration and the removal of exaration material by the glacier to sedimentation areas.
Conclusion. Current findings and prospects for future research
Authors:   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kravchishina M.D. , Lisitzin A.P. ,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

Conclusion. Current findings and prospects for future research
Map of expeditionary research in the Barents Sea onboard the R / V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh in 2015–2019.
Authors:   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Klyuvitkin A.A.
Published: December 2021

Map of expeditionary research in the Barents Sea onboard the R / V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh in 2015–2019.
Market Survey Strategy for Sharp Well Economic: A Case Study of Well Planning in Deepwater Exploration Indonesia
Authors: Natanegara B.B.
Published: December 2021

A deep-water well is one of the high profile project which is closely related to a high cost project. One of the key success prior starting the project is by conducting the cost estimation (Owner Estimate). For a typical new operation with limited offset data, market survey is one of the way to have the base cost estimation. Performing a market survey for estimating owner estimate prior to perform tender process and also a need for a basis of well cost is critical step in calculating economic of the well or investment decisions during well planning. Many approaches to perform the market survey and sometimes people customize them in order to fit with the purpose. This paper is trying to exercise some of the market survey methodology options and also to describe the impact to the selection of procurement strategy and maturation of cost estimation. The market survey methodology will be presented in details for each options. Experiences while estimating long lead items (LLI) and drilling services costs for a deep-water exploration drilling well were exercised here. The outcomes were compared and assessed. Nevertheless, literature reviews are also performed to enrich understanding and better judgment when estimating the cost. By performing a comprehensive market survey, we have successfully determined the current market condition and accurate cost estimation, which plays crucial roles in the decision making process for the best procurement strategy. Additionally, with the selective and progressive method in the market survey, it has narrowed down the bias cost data, especially for some of the major drilling services contract. The method on the market survey has established also an advantage in the remuneration strategy which leads to a cost saving in the project and also helps to fit in the project timeline.
The Success of Managing Participating Interest (PI) in Cepu Block in Increasing Regional Revenue InEast Java
Authors: Priadi S.N.
Published: December 2021

The Cepu Block is one of the largest national oil and gas producers. State revenue from the oil and gas sector in the Cepu Block can also be used to increase revenue from oil and gas producing regions in East Java. This is based on PP. 35/2004 that regulates oil and gas contractors' obligations to offer 10% of Participating Interest (PI) to Regional-Owned Enterprises (BUMD). However, in reality, not all regions are ready to participate in PI financing due to regional financial limitations. PI of Cepu Block has been realized since 2009 where PT Petrogas Jawa Timur Utama Cendana (PJUC) became one of the four BUMD that assigned to manage the PI of 2.243% with share rights. Initially, PT Petrogas Jawa Timur Utama Cendana used the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) scheme with PT Raharja Energy Cepu (REC) as the initial capital for joining in Participating Interest (PI) of the Cepu Block. Thus, this paper will discuss PI management's success in the Cepu Block, starting from the preparation, procedures for bidding and transferring PIs to the formation of the BKS PI 10% Cepu Block. PJUC utilize part of the funds obtained from PI 10% to manage various business fields. With good management, PJUC has successfully gained USD 3.5 billion profit in 2020 and has successfully paid off its debts, and has become one of the BUMD with a large contribution of local revenue East Java Province. Having PJUC debt paid off, revenue in 2021 will reach around USD 13 billion. BUMD's exists to managing the Cepu Block oil and gas working area through the 10% of Participating Interest that provides an increase in regional revenue for East Java. It increases BUMD's knowledge in managing oil and gas blocks as a non-operator contractor. Then, Participating Interest can be creating transparency in lifting, reserves, and cost recovery. Besides, the regional-owned enterprise can also help facilitate or accelerate issuing permits needed in the regions and help implement cooperation contract activities in the areas.
Rigless Remote Intervention: A Case Study of Combo Unit Utilization in Mahakam Offshore East Kalimantan
Authors: Hidayat R.
Published: December 2021

Mahakam block has been producing for over 40 years and now is in declining phase. Daily drilling and well intervention operations are still actively carried out to sustain and prolong the natural decline curve. Efficiency measures are taken out in each and every aspect of operations to support the diminishing values. One of them is the reduction of offshore platform sizing. Future minimalist platforms have limited top deck space which will further be reduced by the prevalence of: 1. Fixed platform equipment (generators, crane, etc.), and 2. Hazardous area requirement for Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2. The future minimalist platform has a deck space area of approximately 221 m2, not yet taken into account said the reduction factors. The presence of the hazardous area and fixed equipment can reduce the free deck space availability down to 20% from the total deck space. These platforms are not originally designed with well intervention work in mind. However, the past 40 years proves that well intervention should never be left out when extending well’s lifetime is the objective. Well intervention unit, depending on the intervention type, requires top deck space from 26 m2 up to 92 m2 of free space, and an additional 3-4 m2 for lifting, means such as mast unit if the platform does not have a crane. Moreover, in a remote intervention mode, where no supporting barge is present, space requirement above the top deck became crucial as there is no alternative to back load unit to the barge incase the top deck beingover crowded. To support the continuity of remote intervention being more efficient alternative to barge-supported operation, the well intervention team initiates the feasibility study using combo unit as a replacement for conventional slickline and electric line unit. There are three types of combo unit presented in this paper, 1. Split Combo Unit, 2. Combined Drum Combo Unit, and 3. Digital Slickline Combo Unit. These types of unit can reduce the deck space requirement by 30%, reducing number of personnel needed from eight (8) to five (5) personnel in a single shift, improving operation timing efficiency, and improves the contract administration aspect. Despite the seemingly positive results, there are still issues to be resolved, both technical and non-technical, for combo unit to be an all-rounder solution for wireline work. This paper shall provide an early level observation and analysis for the feasibility of combo unit as remote well intervention unit, starting from the methodology to the corresponding results and lesson learnt.
Case History of Matrix Acid Stimulation using Specialized Acid Composition for High Temperature Carbonate Formation and Long Interval Section
Authors: Elsa M. D.
Published: December 2021

Alur Siwah field is located onshore in Block A PSC of PT Medco E&P Malaka, Aceh Province. Six of the ten drilled wells proved significant gas column in Peutu limestone and Tampur dolostone. Well tests indicated gas rates in the range of 0.2 – 42 MMSCFD from selected intervals in both formations. Estimated permeability values from well tests are in range of 0.6 – 3.7 mD. During drilling campaign in 2018 three wells was drilled with total depth around 9,500 ft TVD. AS-9A, AS-11 and AS-12 wells penetrated Peutu Limestone and TD was 213 ft TVD above common GWC. These three wells were completed with open hole and pre-drilled liner, the interval length ranging from 300 to 500 ft-MD. Since Peutu limestone has low permeability the reservoir needs stimulation to increase productivity, maintain gas sales according to GSA (Gas Sales Agreement), and optimize reservoir depletion. Matrix acidizing treatment was applied to remove formation damage. The method was proven successful in previous well at Alur Siwah field in 1990’s. Peutu limestone challenges are high temperature (360 degF), high CO2 (up to 25%), high H2S content (up to 12,000 ppm), long interval open hole section (300-500 ft-MD), and water encroachment risk from water bearing zone. High temperature will accelerate acid reaction, and premature reaction might occur before reaching the reservoir. High CO2 & H2S might cause corrosion at completion string. Penetration into water bearing could cause water encroachment and water loading issue. With proper fluid selection, acid placement method, volume treatment design and execution, matrix acidizing can be applied safely and successfully to stimulate high temperature gas wells which have long interval open hole section completed with pre-drilled liner without water loading issue. This paper covers the application of acid stimulation in Alur Siwah field, well completion, post treatment well performance, best practices and lessons learned.
The Implementation of Hybrid Parallel Computation for Complex and Fine Reservoir Model Using Cluster Technology
Authors: Darmawan B.
Published: December 2021

Pertamina EP plays an important role in maintaining the oil production supply for national energy stability. Thus, they bear a great responsibility to accelerate all the development plans and execute them in timely manner. However, there is big challenge in the realization of those plans since they are not fully equipped with the advance computing technology to boost the reservoir modeling and simulation phase. Therefore, the effort on finalizing and executing of 33 Plan of development (POD) projects within 5 years was looked like a never-ending project. To face the challenge, Pertamina EP evaluated the possibility to create a cluster technology that can accommodate high intensity of simulation numbers and high load of simulation process. The evaluation process covers: compiling, sorting and selecting the analog reservoir model (highest grid number and longest simulation time), benchmarking and performance test to get the most optimum cluster configuration. Supercomputer was then procured and set based on the optimized model, then completed by implementing the test on three most extreme POD models. This paper described the success story and innovation of a complex simulation and finer scale reservoir model using the hybrid parallel-computing technology with a set of 8 nodes high performing computer. Three models were tested with satisfying results. This paper discusses the parallel scalability of complex computing systems of multi-CPU clusters. Multi-CPU distributed memory computing system is proven to be able to improve and accelerate the reservoir modeling and simulation time, when it is used in combination with a new so called “hybrid” approach. In this approach, the common Message Passing Interface (MPI) synchronization between the cluster nodes is being interleaved with a shared memory system thread-based synchronization at the node level. The model with the longest simulation time has been accelerated by magnitude of 60%. The most exhausted model with highest number of simulation steps has been accelerated by magnitude of 80%. The model with the greatest number of grid (21.7 million active grids) has finally finished its simulation just in 27 minutes where previously was impossible to have it open and run. The successful study case is then followed by the implementation of the cluster computing technology for two pilot POD projects which led to the very good result. With this improvement, Pertamina EP can finally perform the probabilistic simulation as recommended by SKKMIGAS in PTK Rev-2/2018. It is now possible to run all 33 structures of multiple reservoir realizations for each POD.
http://archives.datapages.com/data/ipa_pdf/2021/IPA21-BC-205.html
Authors: Sianturi J.
Published: December 2021

Handil Field is a giant mature oil and gas field situated in Mahakam Delta, East Kalimantan Indonesia. Peripheral Low Salinity Water injection was performed since 1978 with extraordinary results. This paper describes the success story of this secondary recovery by low salinity water injection application in the peripheral of Handil field main zone, which successfully increased the oil recovery and brought down the remaining oil saturation beyond the theoretical value of residual oil saturation. Water producer wells were drilled to produce low salinity water from shallow reservoirs 400 - 1000 m depth then it was injected to main zone reservoirs where the main accumulation of oil is situated. This low salinity water reacted positively with the rock properties and in-situ fluids which is described as wettability alteration in the reservoir. It is related to initial reservoir condition, connate water saturation, rock physics and connate water salinity. This peripheral scheme then observed having the sweeping effect on top of pressure maintenance due to long period of injection. The field production performance was indicating the important reduction of residual oil saturation in some reservoirs with continuous low salinity water injection. From static Oil in Place calculation, some reservoirs have high current oil recovery up to 80%. This was proved by in situ residual oil saturation measurement which was performed in 2007 and 2011. It was indicating the low residual saturation as low as 8% - 15%. This excellent result was embraced by a progressive development plan, where water flooding with pattern and chemical injection will be performed later on. The continuation of this peripheral injection is in an on-going development with patterns injection which is called water flooding development. An important oil recovery can be achieved with a simple scheme of low salinity injection, performed in a close network injection, where the water treatment is simple yet significant oil gain was recovered. This innovation technique brings more revenue with less investment compared to chemical EOR injection.
Pipeline slugging and mitigation: Production strategy challenge at the tail of production in Medco E and P
Authors: Pinem S. D.
Published: December 2021

There are many challenging issues toward the tail of the oil and gas production period. An integrated solution is needed considering the economics of the asset. The North Belut field, located at Block B South Natuna Sea, operated by Medco E & P Indonesia has been in operation since 2009. During the current tail of production period, one of the operations challenges is the slugging phenomenon which causes wells shut-in due to high back-pressure and sudden surge of liquid which causes process upset to the downstream facilities. The mitigation program to be implemented should be integrated with the operations strategy to maintain the production and prolong the asset life. This paper summarises the study of the multiphase flowline system at its current operations condition, the impact of lowering plant pressure to the slugging phenomena, and the prediction of slugging tendency in the remaining years of the asset life. The simulation results are based on analysis using the multiphase pipeline simulation tool OLGA with slug tracking module. The results showed that the lowering of the plant pressure can reduce the slugging tendency. However, since the gas will naturally continue to decrease in the end-of-life period, the slugging phenomenon will potentially occur again in the future. The result also shows that the multiphase pipeline behaviours can be modelled with excellent agreement between actual data and simulation results. The result is beneficial in enriching the strategy to reduce slugging in the tail of the production period.
Thermoelectric Peltier-based Cooler Generatoras the Right Option to Optimize Flare Gas Utilization in Mature Fields
Authors: Wijaya A. B.
Published: December 2021

Cepu is a mature field that has been producing since 1877 with a total production of 2,200 BOPD, with the challenge of developing new wells to control the decline in well production coupled with the high water cut in each well. In addition, production facilities in some sub-districts still use conventional equipment with durability and functions that need to be updated and are generally not equipped with the use of gas flares and purification equipment and in actual conditions in which gas is burned directly into the atmosphere. The thermoelectric Peltier is an innovation in the form of a device with a solid-state electric cooling component that functions to pump heat in the air during the cooling process. By being installed on a flowline leading to a flare stack, it is able to maximize the cooling process to enable the collected condensate and sweet gas be reused as a fuel gas engines. On this basis, the use of Thermoelectric Peltier in mature fields has great potential in reducing exhaust emissions of fuel gas/zero flares, heavy hydrocarbons (CH3+) contained in gas flares can be fully condensed and potentially to increase oil recovery from the Cepu field. In addition, the material used is user friendly requires only a power source, easy to be operated as it uses a 9-12 VDC power source, can be applicable in mature fields because it doesn't need spacious place, simply installed on the pipes, low price cost of Rp 5.312 million and is easy to find in the market.
Regional Basin Play Analogue Evaluation Offshore Northwest Java Basin To Find New Opportunities in Matured Field
Authors: Wahyuadi D.
Published: December 2021

The Northwest Java Basin is a mature oil and gas basin that has been explored and developed for more than 50 years. Almost all of the conventional plays have been explored and produced. Therefore, discovering new play concepts that potentially have significant resources are very challenging. A comparison of the Sunda, Ardjuna and Jatibarang Sub-Basins that are within the Offshore Northwest Java Basin was carried out based on the original plays of each sub-basin. The results led to the new play analogue for one sub-basin to another. The workflow for the study is as follows: data integration, basin statistics, basin modelling, basin comparison, play inventory, current original play type, play analogue and then play-based map. There are two potential new plays in the offshore Northwest Java Basin namely: (1) Eocene Carbonate Play and (2) Fractured Basement Play. The opportunities of these new plays at the new structure need to be further explored and accelerated to achieve the development phase, apart from the ‘old’ plays. The evaluation study of the Sunda Sub-Basin (including the Yani Sub-Basin and North Seribu Trough), Ardjuna Sub-Basin and Jatibarang Sub-Basin has revealed new exploration plays which are the Cretaceous Fractured Basement play, Eocene Carbonate play, Pre-Rift Volcanoclastic play, Early Oligocene Alluvial Fan and Lacustrine Sandstone plays, Late Oligocene Deltaic Sandstone play, and Miocene Shaly Sandstone play.
Unlocking The Complex Geology & Petroleum Systems; Efforts to Awakening The Sleeping Giant – A Prospectivity Rejuvenation Case Study of West Sebuku Block, South Makassar Basin, Indonesia
Authors: Utomo R.
Published: December 2021

Significant uplift in the seismic imaging quality from the latest wide coverage of the Multi-Client Broadband PSDM 3D (MC3D) acquisition and processing, as well as cost and operational efficiencies, is an essential element to unlock the exploration potential of the under-explored South Makassar Basin. Many of exploration wells are usually drilled based on limited data, and structural closures are defined by sparse 2D seismic data and inadequate petroleum system models. Additional 3D seismic acquisition over the same area may enhance the structural imaging and provide a better understanding of the petroleum system. However, imaging the stratigraphic and structural complexities beneath carbonate platforms and steep slopes can be challenging and continued de-risk the plays. In 2018, Mubadala Petroleum requested PGS to acquire the first Multi-Client Broadband PSDM 3D survey in the South Makassar Basin. This MC3D survey has, for the first time, enabled imaging of well developed Eocene Platform carbonates and the Basement. Historical exploration and production activities with in the Basin have focused largely on the Oligocene aged carbonate debris flow deposits, as seen at Ruby Field. These new Eocene Platform carbonate and Basement plays have enabled Mubadala Petroleum to develop a significant exploration portfolio, revitalizing exploration activity in the Basin.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES RESEARCH (IJVASR): A SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS
Authors: L. Rajendran
Published: December 2021

A Scientometric study was performed on 235 research articles published in the Indian Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Research (IJVASR). For the current analysis, six volumes of the journal totalling 30 issues from 2016 to 2020 were considered. The amounts of contributions, authorship patterns, author productivity, average article length, and average keyword density have all been examined. Only 20 of the 235 contributions were single-authored, while the rest were multi-authored, with an average degree of collaboration of 0.91 and a week of collaboration between the writers. The increasing tendency of co-authored publications was highlighted by the pattern of co-authorship. According to the research, author productivity is 0.26.
Learning Across Borders: An Introduction to the 2021 Innocence Network Conference Scholarship Panel Articles
Authors: Meterko Vanessa
Published: December 2021

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Una mirada profunda
Authors: Cardoso Rodríguez Rodrigo
Published: December 2021

En la última mitad del siglo XIX, los matemáticos se esforzaron en definir axiomatizaciones para diferentes teorías, lo que permitiría de[1]mostrar con rigurosidad verdades de esas teorías. En el primer cuarto del siglo XX, K. Gödel mostró que esto era parcialmente posible para teorías tan sencillas y útiles como la lógica de primer orden, pero imposible para otras tan prácticas como la aritmética. En 1938 A. Turing definió una noción de algoritmo que, partiendo de lo probado por Gödel, evidenció propiedades indecidibles, i.e.; no era concebible un método, un algo[1]ritmo que las demostrara. Concretamente, Turing mostró la indecidibilidad del problema de la parada; es decir, en un programa de computador es imposible diseñar un algoritmo que permita inferir si al ejecutarse va a detenerse o no, esto último está planteado aquí en términos actuales, considerando que, para la época de Turing, ni siquiera estaba claro qué sería un computador. La idea de computador y de algoritmo planteada por la famosa máquina de Turing es una versión abstracta de lo que es un computador moderno. Hoy, ante otras plataformas de cálculo más poderosas, el modelo de Turing todavía se puede considerar pertinente y vigente.
REPERTÓRIOS PROFISSIONAIS DA DOCÊNCIA NO CONTEXTO DO ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS E BIOLOGIA
Authors: Antunes MARTINS Endrigo , LOPES JUNIOR Jair
Published: December 2021

Este artigo apresenta uma síntese de doutorado em Ensino de Ciências que teve como objetivo investigar as relações entre as interações dialógicas professor-pesquisador e professor-aluno com dimensões estimadas e relevantes de “Repertórios Profissionais da Docência. Os dados empíricos foram produzidos a partir de sessões de autoscopia, por meio de seleção de episódios gravados, nas aulas de Biologia de uma professora da rede pública estadual de São Paulo. Os resultados demostraram que, após reflexões sobre suas próprias práticas, a professora de Biologia demonstrou indícios de uma possível mudança de práticas pedagógicas que inicialmente caracterizavam serem pautadas em uma educação bancária.
Pengujian Sifat Fisika dan Listrik Minyak Kelapa Sebagai Alternatif Isolasi Pada Trafo Daya
Authors: Seniari Ni Made , Sumawarti Sumawarti , Wiryajati IK , Supriyatna Supriyatna , Adnyani I.A.Sri , Dharma.S Bagus Widhi
Published: December 2021

Transformer oil insulation material is the result of processes from petroleum, the material that is not able to be renewed, increasingly scarce, expensive, an imported commodity, and the need is increasing. So it is necessary to strive for alternative transformer oil that comes from renewable materials, based on domestic production, increases the added value of a commodity and environmentally friendly. The alternative transformer oil in this case is coconut oil. For this reason, it is necessary to test the feasibility of coconut oil as an alternative to transformer oil which includes testing of physical, chemical and electrical properties. The test results are compared with the standard transformer oil according to the IEC. The test results, the flashpoint and dielectric strength are feasible as an alternative to transformer oil, the density, volume expansion coefficient and viscosity of coconut oil are not suitable for use as an alternative to power transformer insulation oil. The percentage in terms of physical properties is 25%, with 4 tests of 10 existing physical properties. The feasibility of electrical properties is 50% with 1 test of 2 existing electrical properties.
Kajian Biofisik Lahan Untuk Tanaman Porang Sebagai Anasir Konservasi Pada Sistem Agroforestri Di Pulau Lombok
Authors: Kusnarta IGM , Mahrup Mahrup , Padusung Padusung , Soemeinaboedhy I Nym , Fahrudin Fahrudin
Published: December 2021

Agricultural land in North Lombok is dominated by a typology of sub-optimal land, physically, chemically and biologically. These properties make it vulnerable to degradation. In such land, agroforestry system is highly recommended, where the porang plant can be included as a component. Nowdays, porang is gaining popularity as a commodity with economic value, and is suitable as an intercropping plant. It is easy to grow on almost all types of soil, and is resistant to shade, making it adaptive to agroforestry systems as non-timber under standing plants in community forest systems. It is believed that this will provide multiple benefits economicly and environmentaly, if it accompanied by the principles of soil and water conservation. The role of porang as a conservative agent has been investigated through a scientific approach as the basis for the domistication of porang in agroforestry systems. The results showed that agroforestry with porang could help improve the stability of the soil aggregates as indicated by the soil aggregate stability index 59 which means rather stable. Soil moisture of wilting point in agroforestry system with porang increased from 3.0% (without porang) to 5.4%. In addition, the soil organic matter content increased to 3.94% (quite high) on the system with porang because the stems and leaves of porang plant are quickly weathered. The ground cover is relatively tight, so it can prevent soil erosion. Porang also play a role in increasing water infiltration due to the presence of porang’s roots and tubers. Thus the domistication of porang fulfills the requirements as an agent of soil conservation, as non-timber plant in the agroforestry system, if it is cultivated according to the principles of soil and water conservation on the typology of sub-optimal land in North Lombok.
MODEL SUSCEPTIBLE VACCINATED INFECTED TREATMENT RECOVERED DENGAN KASUS KAMBUH DAN PENERAPANNYA (KASUS TUBERKULOSIS DI INDONESIA)
Authors: Lestari Arifah Mufidah , Widyaningsih Purnami , Sutanto Sutanto
Published: December 2021

Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. BCG vaccination is prevention the spread of TB in Indonesia. Individuals who are vaccinated (vaccinated) are healthy individuals and susceptible to infection. If a person is infected with TB then curative efforts through DOTS treatment must be carried out in order to recover. In the case of TB, recovered individuals may relapse. The susceptible vaccinated infected treatment recovered ( ) model with relapse cases is able to represent the spread of TB. This study aims to build the  model with relapse, apply it to TB in Indonesia using data from 2004-2019, and interpret the results of implementing the TB-free target in Indonesia in 2050. The model is nonlinear first-order differential equations. The graph of the pattern of TB spread shows that all groups of individuals are experiencing an uptrend and it is predicted that the TB-free target has not been achieved. However, if the coverage of BCG vaccination and DOTS treatment is increased, contacts with TB sufferers are reduced, and relapse cases are reduced, it is predicted that the TB-free target will be achieved.
PERBANDINGAN PRINCIPAL AXIS FACTORING DAN MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD DALAM MENENTUKAN FAKTOR DOMINAN YANG MEMPENGARUHI PEMBELAJARAN NAHWU SHOROF (STUDI KASUS PONDOK PESANTREN ROUDLOTUL MUTA’ALLIMIN PUTRI)
Authors: Khusna Tanwirotul , Akbarita Rachmadania , Narendra Risang
Published: December 2021

This study discusses the dominant factors that influence the success of learning nahwu shorof at the Roudlotul Mutaalimin Islamic Boarding School for the daughter of Minggirsari Village. Determining the dominant factor is done to maximize the quality of education in the boarding school, so that the interest of prospective students is increasing. In this study, two extraction methods were compared, namely the Principal Axis Factoring and Maximum Likelihood methods. There are 13 variables that affect the success of nahwu shorof learning, namely the natural environment (P1), social environment (P23), curriculum (P49), madrasa program (P1012), facilities and facilities (P1315), teaching staff (P1619), condition of physiological (P2021), condition of the five senses (P22), interest in learning (P2325), intelligence of students (P26), student talent (P27), motivation of students (P28), cognitive ability (P2930). The purpose of this study, namely to determine the most appropriate extraction method used in the analysis. The result of this study is the Maximum Likelihood method which is more appropriate than the Principal Axis Factoring method, because it has a smaller RMSE (Root Mean Squared Error) value.