bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASSESSING THE POTENTIAL OF ENERGY STORAGE SOLUTIONS FOR GRID EFFICIENCY: A REVIEW
Authors: Oladiran Kayode Olajiga  , Emmanuel Chigozie Ani  , Zamathula Queen Sikhakane  , Tosin Michael Olatunde
Published: March 2024

Energy storage solutions play a pivotal role in enhancing grid efficiency and reliability, offering a multitude of benefits for grid operators, utilities, and consumers alike. This comprehensive review examines the potential of energy storage technologies in optimizing grid performance. The review begins by outlining the significance of energy storage in addressing the challenges of grid modernization and the integration of renewable energy sources. It explores various types of energy storage technologies, including batteries, pumped hydro storage, compressed air energy storage, and thermal energy storage, assessing their capabilities, limitations, and suitability for grid applications. Furthermore, the review delves into the benefits that energy storage solutions bring to the grid, such as peak shaving, load leveling, frequency regulation, and grid stabilization. It analyzes real-world case studies and examples of energy storage deployments, highlighting their effectiveness in improving grid reliability and resilience while reducing operational costs. Despite the promising potential of energy storage, the review also addresses the challenges and barriers hindering widespread adoption. These include cost considerations, regulatory frameworks, technical constraints, and the need for standardized performance metrics and interoperability standards. Looking ahead, the review discusses emerging trends and opportunities in energy storage technologies, such as advancements in battery technology, grid-scale storage projects, and the integration of storage with renewable energy systems and smart grid infrastructure. It emphasizes the importance of continued research, innovation, and collaboration to unlock the full potential of energy storage solutions for grid efficiency. In conclusion, the review underscores the critical role of energy storage in optimizing grid efficiency, enhancing renewable energy integration, and ensuring grid stability and resilience. It calls for concerted efforts from policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers to overcome existing challenges and accelerate the deployment of energy storage technologies for a more sustainable and resilient energy future.

Keywords: Efficiency, Grid, Solutions, Energy Storage, Potential.
USER EXPERIENCE (UX) DESIGN IN MEDICAL PRODUCTS: THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS AND DEVELOPMENT BEST PRACTICES
Authors: Babajide Tolulope Familoni  , Sodiq Odetunde Babatunde
Published: March 2024

User Experience (UX) Design in Medical Products is pivotal in enhancing patient outcomes, satisfaction, and adherence to treatment regimens. This abstract delves into the theoretical underpinnings and best practices that underscore effective UX design within the medical domain. Grounded in human-centered design principles, this approach emphasizes understanding user needs, preferences, and limitations to develop inclusive, accessible, and intuitive interfaces. Integrating insights from behavioral psychology, UX designers leverage techniques such as persuasive design to promote healthy behaviors and facilitate adherence to medical protocols. Moreover, compliance with regulatory standards is paramount, necessitating a nuanced understanding of medical regulations and standards to ensure product safety and efficacy. Usability testing emerges as a crucial step, facilitating iterative improvements based on user feedback and ensuring that medical products are intuitive, error-resistant, and conducive to safe user interactions. Beyond functionality, considerations of data privacy and security are paramount, requiring UX designers to implement robust measures to safeguard patient confidentiality while maintaining seamless user experiences. Communication between patients and healthcare providers is also a focal point, with UX strategies aimed at enhancing information exchange, fostering trust, and facilitating informed decision-making. Additionally, optimizing workflow efficiency through streamlined task sequences and leveraging emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and augmented reality further enhances the user experience in medical contexts. Through continual iteration and refinement, UX design in medical products strives to deliver compassionate, user-centric solutions that meet the diverse needs of patients and healthcare professionals alike, ultimately driving improved healthcare delivery and patient outcomes.

Keywords: User Experience Design, Medical Products, Human-Centered Design, Behavioral Psychology, Regulatory Compliance, Usability Testing.
FACULTY ENGAGEMENT IN INTERNATIONAL STUDENT SUCCESS: A REVIEW OF BEST PRACTICES AND STRATEGIES
Authors: Fadeke Adeola Atobatele  , Percy Chris Kpodo  , Isabel Obiageli Eke
Published: March 2024

This review investigates the pivotal role of faculty engagement in enhancing the success of international students within higher education settings. Recognizing the increasing diversity of student populations globally, the study aims to synthesize existing research to discern effective strategies for supporting the academic, social, and cultural integration of international students. By examining the impact of faculty involvement both inside and outside the classroom, this review sheds light on best practices that contribute to the broader discourse on internationalizing higher education. The review explores the multifaceted dimensions of faculty engagement and its correlation with international student success. Within the classroom, effective teaching methodologies, inclusive pedagogical approaches, and culturally responsive practices are identified as key factors influencing the academic achievement and retention of international students. Moreover, fostering an inclusive learning environment that embraces diverse perspectives and encourages active participation is crucial for promoting student engagement and satisfaction. Beyond the classroom, the review delves into the importance of faculty involvement in co-curricular activities, mentorship programs, and community engagement initiatives. By actively participating in extracurricular events, faculty members can facilitate cross-cultural interactions, provide social support networks, and promote a sense of belonging among international students. Additionally, mentorship programs led by faculty mentors offer personalized guidance, academic advice, and cultural adjustment assistance, thereby nurturing the holistic development of international students. Furthermore, the review highlights the significance of faculty training and professional development in preparing educators to effectively support diverse student populations. Cultivating intercultural competencies, understanding the unique challenges faced by international students, and adopting inclusive teaching practices are essential components of faculty development initiatives. This review underscores the critical role of faculty engagement in fostering academic success, social integration, and overall well-being of international students. By synthesizing research findings and identifying best practices, this study contributes to the advancement of strategies for internationalizing higher education institutions and promoting inclusive excellence.

Keywords: Faculty Engagement; International Student; Success; Best practices; Strategies.
Risk factors associated with Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) in children aged 6 – 59 months in the Mokolo Health District, Far North region of Cameroon
Authors: Ndah Teddy , Maffo Tazoho Ghislain , Youssa Christain Ntowa , Zambou Ngoufack François , Kuiate Jules-Roger
Published: March 2024

Background: Childhood malnutrition remains a pressing public health concern in Cameroon particularly in the Far North region, where 5.2% of children under the age of five suffer from severe acute malnutrition (SAM), and 38.2% experience stunted growth. Chronic poverty, household food insecurity, lack of education and inadequate healthcare infrastructure contribute significantly to this alarming prevalence. This study aims to contribute to the mitigation of malnutrition in the Far North Region of Cameroon by identifying specific risk factors associated with SAM among children aged 6 – 59 months in the Mokolo health district. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study enrolled 150 participants who met the inclusion criteria, employing consecutive sampling methodology. Data were collected through a face-to-face interview with participants, supplemented by a comprehensive assessment of hygienic practices and food security within the community. Bivariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis were utilized to explore determinants of SAM. Independent variables with p values ≤ 0.05 were considered significantly associated with the nutritional status of children. Results: Gastroenteritis, Adjusted Odd Ration (AOR) = 12.3 (5.5 – 27.5, p < 0.001), malaria AOR = 6.2 (2.8 – 13.8, p < 0.006) and pneumonia AOR = 6.7 (1.3 – 34.4, p = 0.01) emerged as specific comorbidities associated with SAM. Moreover, late introduction of complementary feeding AOR = 2.98 (1.36 – 6.53, p = 0.014), low food diversification AOR = 5.3 (2.5 – 11.8, p < 0.001) and the use of unhygienic traditional concoctions AOR = 2.8 (1.4 – 5.6, p = 0.004) were identified as significant risk factors. Furthermore, 63.3% of the participants reported inadequate access to safe drinking water (e.g., boreholes, wells, and streams) and 46.7% of caretakers had no formal education. Conclusion: In addition to malaria, pneumonia and gastroenteritis, poor nutritional and hygienic practices serve as specific determinants of SAM. Addressing these challenges requires urgent attention to improve the nutritional status of children aged 6 – 59 months emphasizing nutrition education alongside comprehensive multi-sectorial interventions.
Key words: Risk factors, Severe Acute Malnutrition, Children aged 6-59 months, Mokolo, Far-North Cameroon.
Improvement of ram semen quality by luteolin enrichment during cold preservation
Authors: Khozein Sharif , Eslami Mohsen , Farrokhi-Ardabili Farhad
Published: March 2024

Abstract. The present experiment aimed to investigate the probable protective role of luteolin (Lut) in ram spermatozoa kinematics and the oxidative/anti-oxidative/nitrosative status of semen during cold storage. Ejaculates were collected from five Qezel rams twice a week. Ejaculates were pooled, diluted with Tris–egg yolk extender (negative control) or supplemented with 0 (control; received the solvent of luteolin), 4, 8 and 16 µm Lut. Kinematics parameters, viability and membrane functionality of spermatozoa were assessed. Furthermore, amounts of malondialdehyde (MDA) and anti-oxidant activity (AOA), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and total nitrate nitrite (TNN) were evaluated in the medium (diluent) and spermatozoa, separately, at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h after storage at 4 °C. Percentages of forward progressive motility and membrane integrity were significantly higher in 8 and 16 µm groups compared to control groups at 72 h (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in viability among groups during the study (P>0.05). Lower MDA contents were observed in medium and spermatozoa of 8 and 16 µm treated groups compared to controls at 72 h (P<0.05). In addition, higher AOA levels were observed in the medium of Lut-treated groups compared to controls at 48 and 72 h (P<0.05). The activity of SOD was improved by luteolin addition. Luteolin enrichment did not affect TNN amounts. It seems that luteolin (at 8 and 16 µm) as a flavonoid protects the ram semen by its anti-oxidative properties and by reduction of lipid peroxidation following 48 and 72 h storage.
The influence of firn-layer material properties on surface crevasse propagation in glaciers and ice shelves
Authors: Clayton Theo , Duddu Ravindra , Hageman Tim , Martinez-Paneda Emilio
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) models have been used to estimate crevasse depths in glaciers and to represent iceberg calving in ice sheet models. However, existing LEFM models assume glacier ice to be homogeneous and utilise the mechanical properties of fully consolidated ice. Using depth-invariant properties is not realistic, as the process of compaction from unconsolidated snow to firn to glacial ice is dependent on several environmental factors, typically leading to a lesser density and Young's modulus in upper surface strata. New analytical solutions for longitudinal stress profiles are derived, using depth-varying properties based on borehole data from the Ronne ice shelf, and used in an LEFM model to determine the maximum penetration depths of an isolated crevasse in grounded glaciers and floating ice shelves. These maximum crevasse depths are compared to those obtained for homogeneous glacial ice, showing the importance of including the effect of the upper unconsolidated firn layers on crevasse propagation. The largest reductions in penetration depth ratio were observed for shallow grounded glaciers, with variations in Young's modulus being more influential than firn density (a maximum difference in crevasse depth of 46 % and 20 % respectively); whereas, firn density changes resulted in an increase in penetration depth for thinner floating ice shelves (95 %–188 % difference in crevasse depth between constant and depth-varying properties). Thus, our study shows that the firn layer can increase the vulnerability of ice shelves to fracture and calving, highlighting the importance of considering depth-dependent firn-layer material properties in LEFM models for estimating crevasse penetration depths and predicting rift propagation.
Can GCMs represent cloud adjustments to aerosol–cloud interactions?
Authors: Mülmenstädt Johannes , Ackerman Andrew S. , Fridlind Ann M. , Huang Meng , Ma Po-Lun , Mahfouz Naser , Bauer Susanne E. , Burrows Susannah M. , Christensen Matthew W. , Dipu Sudhakar , Gettelman Andrew , Leung L. Ruby , Tornow Florian , Quaas Johannes , Varble Adam C. , Wang Hailong , Zhang Kai , Zheng Youtong
Published: March 2024

Abstract. General circulation models (GCMs), unlike other lines of evidence, indicate that anthropogenic aerosols cause a global-mean increase in cloud liquid water path (𝓛), and thus a negative adjustment to radiative forcing of the climate by aerosol–cloud interactions. In part 1 of this manuscript series, we showed that this is true even in models that reproduce the negative correlation observed in present-day internal variability of 𝓛 and cloud droplet number concentration (Nd). We studied several possible confounding mechanisms that could explain the noncausal cloud–aerosol correlations in GCMs and that possibly contaminate observational estimates of radiative adjustments. Here, we perform single-column and full-atmosphere GCM experiments to investigate the causal model-physics mechanisms underlying the model radiative adjustment estimate. We find that both aerosol–cloud interaction mechanisms thought to be operating in real clouds – precipitation suppression and entrainment evaporation enhancement – are active in GCMs and behave qualitatively in agreement with physical process understanding. However, the modeled entrainment enhancement has a negligible global-mean effect. This raises the question whether the GCM estimate is incorrect due to parametric or base-state representation errors, or whether the process understanding gleaned from a limited set of canonical cloud cases is insufficiently representative of the diversity of clouds in the real climate. Regardless, even at limited resolution, the GCM physics appears able to parameterize the small-scale microphysics–turbulence interplay responsible for the entrainment enhancement mechanism. We suggest ways to resolve tension between current and future (storm-resolving) global modeling systems and other lines of evidence in synthesis climate projections.
ParticleDA.jl v.1.0: a distributed particle-filtering data assimilation package
Authors: Giles Daniel , Graham Matthew M. , Giordano Mosè , Koskela Tuomas , Beskos Alexandros , Guillas Serge
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Digital twins of physical and human systems informed by real-time data are becoming ubiquitous across weather forecasting, disaster preparedness, and urban planning, but researchers lack the tools to run these models effectively and efficiently, limiting progress. One of the current challenges is to assimilate observations in highly non-linear dynamical systems, as the practical need is often to detect abrupt changes. We have developed a software platform to improve the use of real-time data in non-linear system representations where non-Gaussianity limits the applicability of data assimilation algorithms such as the ensemble Kalman filter and variational methods. Particle-filter-based data assimilation algorithms have been implemented within a user-friendly open-source software platform in Julia – ParticleDA.jl. To ensure the applicability of the developed platform in realistic scenarios, emphasis has been placed on numerical efficiency and scalability on high-performance computing systems. Furthermore, the platform has been developed to be forward-model agnostic, ensuring that it is applicable to a wide range of modelling settings, for instance unstructured and non-uniform meshes in the spatial domain or even state spaces that are not spatially organized. Applications to tsunami and numerical weather prediction demonstrate the computational benefits and ease of using the high-level Julia interface with the package to perform filtering in a variety of complex models.
Impact of ocean vertical mixing parameterization on Arctic sea ice and upper ocean properties using the NEMO-SI3 model
Authors: Allende Sofia , Treguier Anne Marie , Lique Camille , de Boyer Montégut Clément , Massonnet François , Fichefet Thierry , Barthélemy Antoine
Published: March 2024

Abstract. We evaluate the vertical turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) mixing scheme of the NEMO-SI3 ocean–sea ice model in sea ice-covered regions of the Arctic Ocean. Specifically, we assess the parameters involved in the TKE mixed layer penetration (MLP) parameterization. This ad-hoc parameterization aims to capture processes like near-inertial oscillations, ocean swells, and waves that impact the ocean surface boundary layer, often not well-represented in the default TKE scheme. We evaluate this parameterization for the first time in three regions of the Arctic Ocean: the Makarov, Eurasian, and Canada Basins. We demonstrate the strong effect of the scaling parameter that accounts for the presence of sea ice. Our results confirm that the TKE MLP must be scaled down below sea ice to avoid unrealistic deep mixed layers. The other parameters evaluated are the percentage of energy penetrating below the mixed layer and the length scale of its decay with depth. All these parameters affect the mixed layer depth and its seasonal cycle, the surface temperature and salinity, as well as the underlying stratification. Shallow mixed layers are associated with stronger stratification and fresh surface anomalies, and deeper mixed layers correspond to weaker stratification and salty surface anomalies. Notably, we observe significant impacts on sea ice thickness across the Arctic Ocean in two scenarios: when the scaling parameter due to sea ice is absent and when the TKE mixed layer penetration process vanishes. In the former case, we observe an increase of several meters in the mixed layer depth together with a reduction in sea ice thickness ranging from 30 to 40 centimeters, reflecting the impact of stronger mixing. Conversely, in the latter case, we notice that a smaller mixed layer depth is accompanied by a moderate increase in sea ice thickness, ranging from 10 to 20 centimeters, as expected from a weaker mixing. Additionally, inter-annual variability suggests that experiments incorporating a scaling parameter based on sea ice concentration display an increased mixed layer depth during periods of reduced sea ice, which is consistent with observed trends. These findings underscore the influence, through specific parameterizations, of enhanced ocean mixing on the physical properties of the upper ocean and sea ice.
Comparison of debris flow observations, including fine-sediment grain size and composition and runout model results, at Illgraben, Swiss Alps
Authors: Bolliger Daniel , Schlunegger Fritz , McArdell Brian W.
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Debris flows are important processes for the assessment of natural hazards due to their damage potential. To assess the impact of a potential debris flow, parameters such as the flow velocity, flow depth, maximum discharge, and volume are of great importance. This study uses data from the Illgraben observation station in the central Alps of Switzerland to explore the relationships between these flow parameters and the debris flow dynamics. To this end, we simulated previous debris flow events with the RAMMS::Debrisflow (Rapid Mass Movement Simulation::Debrisflow) runout model, which is based on a numerical solution of the shallow water equations for granular flows using the Voellmy friction relation. Here, the events were modelled in an effort to explore possible controls on the friction parameters μ and ξ, which describe the Coulomb friction and the turbulent friction, respectively, in the model. Additionally, sediment samples from levee deposits were analysed for their grain size distributions (14 events) and their mineralogical properties (4 events) to explore if the properties of the fine-grained matrix have an influence on the debris flow dynamics. Finally, field data from various debris flows such as the flow velocities and depths were statistically compared with the grain size distributions, the mineralogical properties, and the simulation results to identify the key variables controlling the kinematics of these flows. The simulation results point to several ideal solutions, which depend on the Coulomb and turbulent friction parameters (μ and ξ, respectively). In addition, the modelling results show that the Coulomb and turbulent frictions of a flow are related to the Froude number if the flow velocity is < 6–7 m s−1. It is also shown that the fine-sediment grain size or clay-particle mineralogy of a flow neither correlates with the flow's velocity and depth, nor can it be used to quantify the friction in the Voellmy friction relation. This suggests that the frictional behaviour of a flow may be controlled by other properties such as the friction generated by the partially fluidised coarse granular sediment. Yet, the flow properties are well-correlated with the flow volume, from which most other parameters can be derived, which is consistent with common engineering practice.
Anticipating a risky future: long short-term memory (LSTM) models for spatiotemporal extrapolation of population data in areas prone to earthquakes and tsunamis in Lima, Peru
Authors: Geiß Christian , Maier Jana , So Emily , Schoepfer Elisabeth , Harig Sven , Gómez Zapata Juan Camilo , Zhu Yue
Published: March 2024

Abstract. In this paper, we anticipate geospatial population distributions to quantify the future number of people living in earthquake-prone and tsunami-prone areas of Lima and Callao, Peru. We capitalize upon existing gridded population time series data sets, which are provided on an open-source basis globally, and implement machine learning models tailored for time series analysis, i.e., based on long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, for prediction of future time steps. Specifically, we harvest WorldPop population data and teach LSTM and convolutional LSTM models equipped with both unidirectional and bidirectional learning mechanisms, which are derived from different feature sets, i.e., driving factors. To gain insights regarding the competitive performance of LSTM-based models in this application context, we also implement multilinear regression and random forest models for comparison. The results clearly underline the value of the LSTM-based models for forecasting gridded population data; the most accurate prediction obtained with an LSTM equipped with a bidirectional learning scheme features a root-mean-squared error of 3.63 people per 100 × 100 m grid cell while maintaining an excellent model fit (R2= 0.995). We deploy this model for anticipation of population along a 3-year interval until the year 2035. Especially in areas of high peak ground acceleration of 207–210 cm s−2, the population is anticipated to experience growth of almost 30 % over the forecasted time span, which simultaneously corresponds to 70 % of the predicted additional inhabitants of Lima. The population in the tsunami inundation area is anticipated to grow by 61 % until 2035, which is substantially more than the average growth of 35 % for the city. Uncovering those relations can help urban planners and policymakers to develop effective risk mitigation strategies.
Retrieval of sea ice drift in the Fram Strait based on data from Chinese satellite HaiYang (HY-1D)
Authors: Lu Dunwang , Liu Jianqiang , Shi Lijian , Zeng Tao , Cheng Bin , Wu Suhui , Wang Manman
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Melting of sea ice in the Arctic has accelerated due to global warming. The Fram Strait (FS) serves as a crucial pathway for sea ice export from the Arctic to the North Atlantic Ocean. Monitoring sea ice drift (SID) in the FS provides insight into how Arctic sea ice responds to the climate change. The SID has been retrieved from Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR), Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS (AMSR-E), and further exploration is needed for the retrieval of SID using optical imagery. In this paper, we retrieve SID in the FS using the Chinese HaiYang1-D (HY-1D) satellite equipped with the Coastal Zone Imager (CZI). A multi-template matching technique is employed to calculate the cross-correlation, and subpixel estimation is used to locate displacement vectors from the cross-correlation matrix. The dataset covering March to May 2021 was divided into hourly and daily intervals for analysis, and validation was performed using Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) SAR-based product and International Arctic Buoy Programme (IABP) buoy. A comparison with the CMEMS SID product revealed a high correlation with the daily interval dataset; however, due to the spatial and temporal variability in the sea ice motion, differences are observed with the hourly interval dataset. Additionally, validation with the IABP buoys yielded a velocity bias of −0.005 m s−1 and RMSE of 0.031 m s−1 for the daily interval dataset, along with a flow direction bias of 0.002 rad and RMSE of 0.009 rad, respectively. For the hourly interval dataset, the velocity bias was negligible (0 m s−1), with a RMSE of 0.036 m s−1, while the flow direction bias was 0.003 rad, with a RMSE of 0.010 rad. In addition, during the validation with buoys, we found that the accuracy of retrieving the SID flow direction is distinctly interrelated with the sea ice displacement.
Review article: Terrestrial dissolved organic carbon in northern permafrost
Authors: Heffernan Liam , Kothawala Dolly N. , Tranvik Lars J.
Published: March 2024

Abstract. As the permafrost region warms and permafrost soils thaw, vast stores of soil organic carbon (C) become vulnerable to enhanced microbial decomposition and lateral transport into aquatic ecosystems as dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The mobilization of permafrost soil C can drastically alter the net northern permafrost C budget. DOC entering aquatic ecosystems becomes biologically available for degradation as well as other types of aquatic processing. However, it currently remains unclear which landscape characteristics are most relevant to consider in terms of predicting DOC concentrations entering aquatic systems from permafrost regions. Here, we conducted a systematic review of 111 studies relating to, or including, concentrations of DOC in terrestrial permafrost ecosystems in the northern circumpolar region published between 2000 and 2022. We present a new permafrost DOC dataset consisting of 2845 DOC concentrations, collected from the top 3 m in permafrost soils across the northern circumpolar region. Concentrations of DOC ranged from 0.1 to 500 mg L−1 (median = 41 mg L−1) across all permafrost zones, ecoregions, soil types, and thermal horizons. Across the permafrost zones, the highest median DOC concentrations were in the sporadic permafrost zone (101 mg L−1), while lower concentrations were found in the discontinuous (60 mg L−1) and continuous (59 mg L−1) permafrost zones. However, median DOC concentrations varied in these zones across ecosystem type, with the highest median DOC concentrations in each ecosystem type of 66 and 63 mg L−1 found in coastal tundra and permafrost bog ecosystems, respectively. Coastal tundra (130 mg L−1), permafrost bogs (78 mg L−1), and permafrost wetlands (57 mg L−1) had the highest median DOC concentrations in the permafrost lens, representing a potentially long-term store of DOC. Other than in Yedoma ecosystems, DOC concentrations were found to increase following permafrost thaw and were highly constrained by total dissolved nitrogen concentrations. This systematic review highlights how DOC concentrations differ between organic- or mineral-rich deposits across the circumpolar permafrost region and identifies coastal tundra regions as areas of potentially important DOC mobilization. The quantity of permafrost-derived DOC exported laterally to aquatic ecosystems is an important step for predicting its vulnerability to decomposition.
TEC FLUCTUATIONS AND GPS POSITIONING ERRORS IN POLAR AND AURORAL IONOSPHERE DURING NOVEMBER 4, 2021 STORM
Authors:   West Department of IZMIRAN, Kaliningrad, Russia, Efishov I.I. , Shagimuratov I.I. ,   West Department of IZMIRAN, Kaliningrad, Russia, Tepenitsyna N.Yu. ,   West Department of IZMIRAN, Kaliningrad, Russia, Filatov M.V. ,   Polar Geophysical Institute, Apatity, Russia, Yakimova G.A. ,   West Department of IZMIRAN, Kaliningrad, Russia
Published: March 2024

In this report the occurrence of TEC fluctuations and their impact on the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) errors at high latitudes for November 4, 2021 geomagnetic storm is presented. We used GPS observations of polar Ny-Ålesund (MLAT, 76.6°) and auroral Tromsø (MLAT, 66.9°) stations. The fluctuation activity and intensity of fluctuations was evaluated by ROT/ROTI indexes. At both stations the periods of the most intense fluctuations occurrences in GPS data coincided with strong increases in AE index. There is good agreement in dependence of fluctuation intensity (ROTI) and positioning errors. At Ny-Ålesund the errors were reached 4 m against 16 cm at during quiet conditions. At TRO1 strong intensification fluctuations led to a dramatic increase PPP errors.
BASIC RESULTS FROM THE PROJECT “INVESTIGATION OF THE GEOMAGNETIC DISTURBANCES PROPAGATION TO MID-LATITUDES AND THEIR INTERPLANETARY DRIVERS IDENTIFICATION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MID-LATITUDE SPACE WEATHER FORECAST”
Authors:   Space Research and Technology Institute (SRTI) – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences,  Stara Zagora Department, Bulgaria, Guineva Veneta , Werner Rolf ,   Space Research and Technology Institute (SRTI) – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences,  Stara Zagora Department, Bulgaria, Despirak Irina ,   Polar Geophysical Institute (PGI), Apatity, Russia, Kleimenova Natalya ,   Schmidt Institute of the Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Lubchich Andris ,   Polar Geophysical Institute (PGI), Apatity, Russia, Setsko Pavel ,   Polar Geophysical Institute (PGI), Apatity, Russia, Atanassov Atanas ,   Space Research and Technology Institute (SRTI) – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences,  Stara Zagora Department, Bulgaria, Bojilova Rumiana ,   National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography (NIGGG) - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria, Raykova Lyubomira ,   Space Research and Technology Institute (SRTI) – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences,  Stara Zagora Department, Bulgaria, Valev Dimitar ,   Space Research and Technology Institute (SRTI) – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences,  Stara Zagora Department, Bulgaria
Published: March 2024

The project is directed to one of the topical tasks of the solar-terrestrial physics: study of the midlatitude effects of the magnetospheric substorms as a key element of the space weather. The goal of the project was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the spatiotemporal characteristics of magnetospheric substorms and their effects at midlatitudes depending on space weather conditions. For this purpose, studies of various phenomena related to the development of substorm disturbances and their propagation to midlatitudes were carried out. For the first time, an original catalog of the variations of the magnetic field at the midlatitude Bulgarian station Panagjurishte (PAG) was created for the period 2007 - 2022. A methodology was developed and universal programs were created for processing data from European stations, for obtaining maps of the spatial distribution of magnetic variations, and for calculating the midlatitude positive bay (MPB) index. Analyses of events during quiet and disturbed geomagnetic conditions, during slow flows in the solar wind or high speed streams from coronal holes, were carried out. Some cases of supersubstorms have been studied in detail. The hypothesis of the development of an additional substorm current wedge during supersubstorms was confirmed. The morphological features of the polar substorms were also studied. Catalogs of supersubstorms and polar substorms for the past 20 years have been created. The relationships between the statistical distributions of the MPB index and widely used geomagnetic indices and solar wind parameters were established. Cases of occurrence of intense geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) during several strong magnetic storms were identified and analyzed.
RESEARCH OF THE SUBAURORAL IONOSPHERE AND MAGNETOSPHERE USING GEOPHYSICAL SATELLITES AND SHORTWAVE RADAR
Authors:   Институт космических исследований РАН, Москва, Россия, Халипов В.Л. , Котова Г.А. ,   Институт космических исследований РАН, Москва, Россия, Степанов А.Е. ,   Институт космофизических исследований и аэрономии СО РАН им. Ю.Г. Шафера, Якутск, Россия
Published: March 2024

В работе анализируются результаты многолетних комплексных экспериментов, выполненных на сети станций Якутского геофизического полигона и с помощью ионосферных и высоко-апогейных спутников. Наземные оптические измерения выполнялись в обсерватории Маймага (L = 3.2). Ионосферные наблюдения проводились в Якутске (L = 3.0), Жиганске (L = 4.0), Тикси (L = 5.6), Подкаменной Тунгуске (L = 3.0) и Магадане (L = 2.9) методами вертикального и наклонного зондирования с помощью высокопотенциальных двойных горизонтальных ромбических антенн. Настоящая работа суммирует физические свойства поляризационного джета с целью проведения геофизической верификация возможных механизмов его формирования. По ионограммам ионосферных станций при сопоставлении их со спутниковыми измерениями быстрых струйных течений плазмы выявлена сигнатура поляризационного джета. Это позволило использовать 15-минутные ионозондовые измерения обширной сети станций для исследования локального и быстро протекающего процесса развития поляризационного джета. Это также дало возможность провести сопоставление с измерениями энергичных ионов на спутнике AMPTE/CCE и установить, что поляризационный джет развиваются на внутренней границе кольцевого тока. По многолетним измерениям ионозондов было установлено, что поляризационный джет возникает в около-полуночном секторе на взрывной фазе суббури в области разрыва Харанга.
AURORAL OVAL LONG-TERM CHANGES LINKED TO SECULAR VARIATIONS IN EARTH’S MAGNETIC FIELD AND GEOMAGNETIC ACTIVITY
Authors:   Laboratorio de Ionosfera, Atmosfera Neutra y Magnetosfera (LIANM), Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Argentina, Ochoa Jose A. , Zossi Bruno S. ,   Laboratorio de Ionosfera, Atmosfera Neutra y Magnetosfera (LIANM), Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Argentina,   INFINOA, CONICET-UNT, Elias Ana G. ,   Laboratorio de Ionosfera, Atmosfera Neutra y Magnetosfera (LIANM), Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Argentina,   INFINOA, CONICET-UNT
Published: March 2024

Changes in the Earth’s magnetic field and in geomagnetic activity through solar wind conditions can both deeply modify the auroral ovals, which are the regions of most frequent precipitation of energetic particles causing aurora. These two auroral change drivers present long-term trends: the well-known magnetic field secular variation, and the Gleissberg cycle of solar and geomagnetic activity that can also be considered as a secular variation. In this work, both induced long-term changes are compared by estimating the variations in the auroral zone boundaries and area as a consequence of each one acting independently during the period 1932-2022. That is the last 9 decades, which is the period covered by Kp geomagnetic activity index availability. In the first case, the IGRF is used to estimate the time-evolution of the zone enclosed by the fixed geomagnetic latitudes typical for auroral boundaries during quiet geomagnetic activity levels considering steady interplanetary conditions and assuming scaling relations for a purely dipolar field. In the second case, under fixed Earth’s magnetic field conditions, a Kp-based model is used considering an 11-year running mean of this index in order to filter out short-term variations typical of geomagnetic activity. A comparative analysis is then made between the auroral ovals modifications over these last 9 decades.
AURORAS AND AURORAL ERUPTIONS IN THE AREA OF THE DAYTIME POLAR CASP AT THE NORTHERN IMF
Authors:   Полярный геофизический институт. г. Апатиты (Мурманская обл.), Воробьев В.Г. , Ягодкина О.И. ,   Полярный геофизический институт. г. Апатиты (Мурманская обл.), Антонова Е.Е. ,   Научно-исследовательский институт ядерной физики имени Д.В. Скобельцына Московского государственного университета имени М.В. Ломоносова, г. Москва,   Институт космических исследований, г. Москва
Published: March 2024

Проведен анализ наземных оптически наблюдений на обс. Баренцбург (арх. Шпицберген) 22 декабря 2003 г. в период регистрации спутником DMSP F16 дневного полярного каспа. Характеристики высыпающихся частиц, наблюдаемые спутником F16, позволили определить широтное положение приполюсной и экваториальной границ каспа и широтную структуру авроральных высыпаний в полуденном секторе. Данные OMNI Web показывают, что Bz-компонента ММП повернулась на север примерно за 12 мин до пролета спутника и оставалась северной примерно в течение 30 мин. Наземные оптические наблюдения показывают, что ионосферная проекция дневного каспа совпадает с областью свечения в эмиссии 630.0 нм с максимумом интенсивности в приполюсной части каспа. С приполюсной стороны касп окаймляет лучистая дуга (RA), положение которой совпадает с максимумом потока энергии электронных высыпаний. Средняя энергия высыпающихся электронов в каспе составляла ~ 0.13 кэВ, а в RA ~ 0.24 keV со спектральным пиком на энергиях около 0.4 кэВ. Яркость RA при северной ориентации ММП изменялась в пределах 1-2 кР в хорошем соответствии с вариациями AL-индекса магнитной активности.
THE SOLAR FLARE IMPACT ON THE LOWER IONOSPHERE AND GEOMAGNETIC FIELD
Authors:   Institute of Physics of the Earth, Moscow, Pilipenko V.A. , Solovieva M.S. ,   Institute of Physics of the Earth, Moscow, Korkina G.M. ,   Geophysical Survey of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Polyanskaia E.A. ,   Institute of Physics of the Earth, Moscow
Published: March 2024

The geophysical testing ground at Kamchatka provides wide possibilities to monitor the electromagnetic and ionospheric phenomena at the Far East. Here we demonstrate the facilities of this multi-instrument observational complex for the study of the solar flare impact on the lower ionosphere and geomagnetic field. We have used data of the VLF amplitude/phase monitoring along several radio paths, augmented by the geomagnetic observations. A typical VLF amplitude/phase response “replicates” the X-ray flux variations, however the magnitude of the response depends on a preexisting ionization level. The geomagnetic field, besides long-lasting (~30-40 min) magnetic bay, sometimes demonstrates the oscillatory (with quasi-periods ~ 4 mins) response to an impulsive X-ray/UV emission burst, whereas these oscillations are absent in the VLF data. We suggest that some ionospheric heavily damped acoustic-gravity or MHD modes may be responsible for this quasi-periodic response. Solar flare was found to enhance the intensity of magnetospheric Pc3 (~ 50 s) pulsations.
ELECTRIC FIELDS OF SEA WAVES
Authors:   СПбФ ИЗМИРАН, С.-Петербург, Россия, Исмагилов В.С. , Копытенко Ю.А. ,   СПбФ ИЗМИРАН, С.-Петербург, Россия
Published: March 2024

Приведены результаты исследований возмущений горизонтальной компоненты электрического поля в морских прибрежных зонах. Показано, что кроме естественных вариаций электрического поля ионосферно-магнитосферного происхождения возникают возмущения, связанные с морской средой. В узкой береговой полосе (~50 м) прибрежной зоны Охотского моря (о. Сахалин) выявлены возникающие в периоды отливов широкополосные возмущения электрического поля (F = 0.001-1 Гц). На северном побережье Кольского п-ва (Баренцево море) обнаружено возникновение 2-3 узких гармоник вариаций электрического поля в диапазоне частот 0.2-0.5 Гц, возникающих на берегу длинного разлома, соединяющегося с морем. Гармоники изменяют свою частоту в зависимости от фазы прилива. Высокие частоты возникают во время отлива, а более низкие – во время прилива. В прибрежной зоне Белого моря (п. Умба) в диапазоне частот F = 0.05–0.5 Гц выделены вариации электрического поля, созданные морскими волнами. Амплитуда этих вариаций зависит от высоты волн, максимальна возле кромки воды и быстро уменьшается с удалением от берега.
COASTAL EFFECT IN AN ELECTRIC FIELD
Authors:   СПбФ ИЗМИРАН, г. Санкт-Петербург, Россия, Исмагилов В.С. , Копытенко Ю.А. ,   СПбФ ИЗМИРАН, г. Санкт-Петербург, Россия, Петрищев М.С. ,   СПбФ ИЗМИРАН, г. Санкт-Петербург, Россия, Сергушин П.А. ,   СПбФ ИЗМИРАН, г. Санкт-Петербург, Россия, Петленко А.В. ,   СПбФ ИЗМИРАН, г. Санкт-Петербург, Россия
Published: March 2024

Представлены результаты экспериментальных исследований возмущений электрического поля, созданных источниками ионосферного происхождения в прибрежных зонах Белого и Баренцева морей. Регистрация данных выполнялась геофизическими станциями GI-MTS-1. Горизонтальное электрическое поле регистрировалось теллурическими линиями длиной ~50 м. Ех компонента напряженности электрического поля устанавливалась ортогонально береговой линии в направлении от берега, компонента Еу - вдоль береговой линии. В прибрежной полосе контакта море-суша выявлена зона аномального увеличения амплитуды в полной и переменной Ех компоненты, примыкающая к кромке воды (береговой эффект). На расстоянии ~ 30 м от кромки воды наблюдается дополнительная узкая зона аномального усиления величины УНЧ-вариаций электрического поля, связанная с локальной геоэлектрической аномалией. Максимальный береговой эффект наблюдается возле кромки воды в береговой зоне и уменьшается с удалением от берега моря.
CORRELATIVE STUDY OF SOLAR TRANSIENT PARAMETERS ASSOCIATED WITH DST INDEX FOR SOLAR CYCLE 23 AND 24
Authors:   Physics Department, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, India, Yadav Soumya , Priyank Srivastava Priyank ,   Physics Department, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, India, Singh A.K. ,   Physics Department, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, India
Published: March 2024

Geomagnetic storms and solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) have been shown to be associated since the discovery of CMEs in solar activity (Yurchyshyn et al., 2004). An intense geomagnetic storm can either be stemmed from a CME, or from a coronal hole. However, a great geomagnetic storm can only be sourced from a CME (Le et al., 2012). The aim of this paper is to study the relation between the coronal mass ejections (CMEs), and their associated solar flares and correlate this with the Disturbance storm time (Dst) index. We have studied the count rate of soft X-rays class of X, M and C type through a histogram type plot for studying the number of X-rays of different class observed during solar cycle 23 and 24. We have also studied the angular width, speed of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and disturbance storm time (Dst) index of solar cycle 23 and 24 for the whole cycle (Pant et al., 2021).
PORTABLE GAMMA RAY SPECTROMETER AND SPECTRAL OBSERVATIONS OF THE INCREASING EFFECT IN THE MIDDLE LATITUDES
Authors:   Полярный геофизический институт, Апатиты, Россия, Балабин Ю.В. , Германенко А.В. ,   Полярный геофизический институт, Апатиты, Россия, Гвоздевский Б.Б. ,   Полярный геофизический институт, Апатиты, Россия
Published: March 2024

В ПГИ разработан и создан портативный спектрометр гамма-излучения на диапазон 0.1-4 МэВ. За основу взят ранее созданный стационарный спектрометр гамма-излучения. Назначение спектрометра: измерение дифференциальных спектров в событиях возрастания потока гамма-излучения, вызываемых осадками, в поездках и экспедициях. С помощью этого спектрометра в теплый сезон в течение двух месяцев проводился мониторинг спектров гамма-излучения в средних широтах. Зарегистрировано несколько событий возрастания гамма-излучения во время гроз, измерен спектр излучения. Проведен анализ и сравнение со спектрами во время возрастаний в Апатитах, дано объяснение отличиям.
ALPHA PARTICLES AS AN IMPORTANT INDICATOR OF THE PASSAGE OF DIAMAGNETIC STRUCTURES OF THE SOLAR WIND INTO THE MAGNETOSPHERE
Authors:   Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS, Irkutsk, Russia, Еселевич В.Г. , Пархомов В.А. ,   Baikal State University, Irkutsk, Russia
Published: March 2024

Приводятся результаты исследований, показывающие наличие одновременных скачков концентрации протонов (N2/N1)p и альфа-частиц (N2/N1)α на границах диамагнитных структур (ДС) различных масштабов как в квазистационарном медленном, так и в спорадическом солнечном ветре (СВ).
FEATURES OF THE REGISTRATION OF SHIFT SIGNALS OF A SPATIALLY SPACED SYSTEM OF RECEPTION POINTS
Authors:   ФГБУН Институт динамики геосфер имени академика М.А. Садовского РАН, г. Москва, Россия, Ачкасов Н.С. , Гаврилов Б.Г. ,   ФГБУН Институт динамики геосфер имени академика М.А. Садовского РАН, г. Москва, Россия, Ермак В.М. ,   ФГБУН Институт динамики геосфер имени академика М.А. Садовского РАН, г. Москва, Россия, Козакова Е.Н. ,   ФГБУН Институт динамики геосфер имени академика М.А. Садовского РАН, г. Москва, Россия, Поклад Ю.В. ,   ФГБУН Институт динамики геосфер имени академика М.А. Садовского РАН, г. Москва, Россия, Ряховский И.А. ,   ФГБУН Институт динамики геосфер имени академика М.А. Садовского РАН, г. Москва, Россия
Published: March 2024

В работе приведен анализ сигналов СДВ диапазона, принятых в ГФО «Михнево» ИДГ РАН во время вспышек на Солнце 10.05.2022. На основе этого анализа были определены минимальные требования к создаваемой аппаратуре приема сигналов СДВ диапазона для создания пространственно-распределенной сети регистрационных пунктов. Рассмотрены основные характеристики разрабатываемой аппаратуры, принципы ее построения, перспективы увеличения количества приемных пунктов.