bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advancements in Direct Nitridation of Aluminum Method for AlN Crystal Growth
Authors: Xiao Yiming , Xu Yongkuan , Chen Jianli , He Haoran , Qi Xiaofang , Yu Yonggui , Ma Wencheng , Hu Zhanggui
Published: December 2024

Aluminum nitride (AlN) is a representative wide‐bandgap semiconductor. The main methods used to grow AlN are metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), hydride vapor‐phase epitaxy, physical vapor transport (PVT), and direct nitridation (DN). The MOCVD technique is widely used to grow AlN films, whereas PVT and DN are promising methods for growing AlN bulk crystals. The DN method is environmentally friendly and produces high‐quality AlN crystals at a low cost, which make this method promising for industrial production. However, it is challenging to grow large bulk AlN crystals using DN. Researchers have extensively investigated the influence of the reaction conditions and atmosphere on the growth efficiency and quality of AlN crystals. A growth rate of 18 μm h−1 is achieved by using DN for vapor‐phase growth of AlN crystals. A growth rate of 16–53 μm h−1 and thickness of 67–212 μm were achieved for liquid‐phase growth of AlN crystals. Controlling the temperature control, dopant type, gas composition, and flow velocity is important for enhancing the growth rate and quality of AlN crystals. In this article, recent advances in using DN for AlN growth are reviewed to provide a reference for research on wide‐bandgap semiconductors.
Paraffin Wax–Expanded Graphite Composite Phase Change Materials With Enhancing Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Stability for Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Li Yufeng , Yan Huang , Yang Fan , Li Shuang , Jiang Chongwen , Xie Le
Published: December 2024

PW–EG composite phase change materials (CPCMs) with varying expanded graphite (EG) mass fractions were prepared by vacuum adsorption, using EG as the matrix and paraffin wax (PW) as the phase change material (PCM). The optimal addition amount of EG was determined to be 20 wt% based on the enthalpy change and leakage performance of the CPCMs. At this optimal composition, the thermal conductivity of CPCM enhanced significantly from 0.348 to 6.003 W/(m·K). SEM analysis revealed effective adsorption of PW within the pores of EG, reducing the leakage rate of PW to below 2.0%. The DSC results showed that the melting temperature and solidification temperature of CPCM were 36.3 °C and 40.80 °C, respectively, with the corresponding latent heat of 113.2 J/g and 106.6 J/g, respectively. FT‐IR and XRD results confirmed that the interactions of PW and EG were primarily due to capillary action, demonstrating excellent chemical compatibility. The TG test results showed that using EG may improve heat resistance of PW, increasing the heat resistance limit temperature from 110 to 142 °C. After 200 thermal cycles, the CPCM exhibited satisfactory thermal properties, excellent structural integrity, and thermal stability, which will provide a great potential of PCM for thermal energy storage applications.
Direct Preparation of Ultrathin Polymer Membranes on Porous Substrates for the Separation of Helium From Methane
Authors: Wang Jialin , Ding Yehui , He Meng , Ding Xiangdong , Liu Xue , Shi Weiqun
Published: December 2024

Ultrathin polymer membranes on porous substrates exhibit excellent gas and ion permeability and have important applications in many fields, such as membrane separation and batteries. However, there is still a lack of facile and general methods for the direct preparation of ultrathin polymer membranes on porous substrates, especially from polymer solutions. Within this work, a new strategy to fabricate centimeter‐size ultrathin polymer membranes (thickness down to 16 nm) is presented directly on porous supports by using the liquid‐liquid interfacial spin‐coating technique. The method allows the preparation of ultrathin polymer membranes with a wide range of polymers, and the membranes are smooth and intact without cracks. The helium/methane separation performance is evaluated. As the membrane thickness increased from 40 to 180 nm, the He/CH4 selectivity increased and then decreased. The ultrathin membrane provides a good He/CH4 selectivity of 8.8 and He permeance of 1 × 105 GPU, which is the highest value reported so far and more than 150 times higher than that of membranes with He/CH4 selectivity above eight in the literature. This new approach provides the possibility to explore the great potential of ultrathin membranes for separation.
Dual‐Substitution Strategy Utilizing Cation Chelation and Assembly Process to Realize Solid Solution Reaction in Layered Oxide Cathode for Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Huang Zhijian , Tan Mingpei , Liu Ming , Hua Yukai , Liu Yong
Published: December 2024

Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67O2 (NNM) is regarded as a promising cathode material for Na‐ion batteries (NIBs), but suffers from irreversible phase transformations characterized by multiple voltage plateaus, resulting in poor cycle stability and inferior rate capability. To address these issues, the Na0.67Ni0.18Cu0.10Zn0.05Mn0.67O2 (NNCZM) cathode material is synthesized by a cation chelation and reassembly process, which can promote a more uniform element distribution than that prepared by the solid‐state method (S‐NNCZM), resulting in better Na+ diffusion kinetics and rate capability. Replacing Ni2+ with a small amount of Zn2+ prevents the P2‐O2 phase transformation, while replacing Ni2+ with an appropriate amount of electrochemically active Cu2+ eliminates Na‐vacancy ordering and additionally contributes to capacity. Thus, the dual substitution of Cu2+ and Zn2+ for Ni2+ makes the NNCZM electrode synergistically achieve a complete solid solution reaction and better cycling stability. Accordingly, it exhibits a large discharge capacity (110.2 mA h g−1 at 10 mA g−1) with a high initial coulombic efficiency (97.3%), remarkable cycle stability with 84.1% capacity retention over 200 cycles at 200 mA g−1, and excellent rate capability with a discharge capacity of 61.0 mA h g−1 at 2000 mA g−1, significantly outperforming the NNM and S‐NNCZM electrodes.
Improving Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells by Reducing Energetic Disorder of Hole Transport Polymer
Authors: Luo Xuanang , Yin Sen , Xiong Zhihui , Qian Guimeng , Lin Youran , Li Ning , Ying Lei
Published: December 2024

Polymer hole transport materials offer significant efficiency and stability advantages for p–i–n perovskite solar cells. However, the energetic disorder of amorphous polymer hole transport materials not only limits carrier transport but also impedes contact between the polymer and perovskite, hindering the formation of high crystalline quality perovskites. Herein, a novel low energetic disordered polymer hole transport material, PF8ICz, featuring an indeno[3,2‐b]carbazole unit with extended π‐conjugation is designed and synthesized. Analyses based on both theoretical calculations and experimental validation highlight the advantages of PF8ICz as a low energetic disorder polymer hole transport material for perovskite solar cells, including improved carrier transport, enhanced perovskite affinity/passivation, and optimized energy levels. Perovskite films formed atop PF8ICz exhibit superior crystalline quality and improved exciton dynamics. PF8ICz‐based perovskite solar cells achieve remarkable power efficiency (PCE > 25.4%) and outstanding stability (retaining 96.2% and 95.0% of their PCE under the ISOS‐D‐3 and ISOS‐L‐3 protocols over 1000 h, respectively). These findings underscore the importance of rational design of hole transport materials, contributing to the development of high‐performance, stable perovskite solar cells for sustainable energy solutions.
Air‐Drying for Rapid Manufacture of Flexible Aramid Nanofiber Aerogel Fibers with Robust Mechanical Properties and Thermal Insulation in Harsh Environments
Authors: Cheng Yajie , Cheng Hongli , Gao Jin , Xue Yajun , Han Gaojie , Zhou Bing , Liu Chuntai , Feng Yuezhan , Shen Changyu
Published: December 2024

Aerogel fibers uniting characteristics of both aerogels (lightweight and porosity) and fibers (flexibility and wearability) exhibit a great potential for the production of the next generation of thermal protection textiles; still, the complex drying procedures and mechanical brittleness remain the main obstacles toward further exploitation. Herein, flexible and robust aramid nanofiber aerogel fibers (ANAFs) are scalably prepared by continuous wet‐spinning coupled with fast air‐drying. This synthesis involves calcium ions (Ca2⁺) cross‐linking and solvent displacement by low surface tension solvents, to enhance skeleton strength and reduce the capillary force during evaporation, respectively, thus minimizing shrinkage to 29.0% and maximizing specific surface area to 225.0 m2 g−1 for ANAF. Surprisingly, the air‐dried ANAF showed excellent tensile strength (13.5 MPa) and toughness (7.0 MJ m−3), allowing their easy weaving into the textile without damage. Importantly, the ANAF textile with a skin‐core porous structure exhibited low thermal conductivity (≈38.5 mW m−1 K−1) and excellent thermal insulation ability in the wide temperature range (−196 to 400 °C). Besides, the aramid molecular structure, as well as Ca2⁺ cross‐linking, endowed the ANAF with high thermal stability and flame retardancy. Consequently, the robust ANAF with a fast‐air‐drying method is promising for thermal protection in extreme environments, such as in spacesuits.
Iron as a Sulfidation‐Resistant Current Collector for Negative Electrode in Sulfide‐Based All‐Solid‐Batteries
Authors: Kim Hyejun , Lee Hyojoo , Kwon Gyeong Hyeon , Kim Jiyun , Jeong Daeboem , Jung Hun‐Gi , Bae Jong‐Seong , Shin Daiha , Cho Jiung , Kim Jung Ho , Kim Hyun‐seung , Mun Junyoung , Kwon Ohmin
Published: December 2024

The demand for all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) featuring credible Li6PS5Cl argyrodite (LPSCl) electrolytes is increasing, driving interest in exploring suitable current collectors for ASSBs. Copper (Cu), used as a current collector in traditional lithium‐ion batteries, exhibits significant instability in LPSCl‐ASSBs. In this study, the effectiveness of iron (Fe) is systematically investigated as an alternative current collector in LPSCl‐ASSBs and compare its performance to that of Cu. Electrochemical analyses reveal that Cu undergoes unfavorable side reactions with LPSCl, forming copper sulfides and leading to pitting corrosion. In contrast, Fe, with its thick native oxide layer, effectively mitigates sulfide sub‐reactions, enhancing the stability of the current collector‐LPSCl electrolyte interface. Density function theory calculations and thermal tools using XRD and linear thermammetry confirm the higher stability of Fe with LPSCl compared to Cu. Replacing the Cu current collector with Fe significantly improves the long‐term stability of graphite‐based negative electrodes in ASSBs, achieving exceptional long cycleability exceeding 1000 cycles. These findings identify Fe as a promising current collector for ASSBs and provide valuable insights into the metal‐electrolyte interactions that govern the performance of these advanced battery systems.
Enhancing Electrochemical CO2 Reduction via Redox Non‐Innocent Spheres in Copper‐Coordinated Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Liu Chang , Ding Yunxuan , Zhao Yilong , Yang Hao , Song Tao , Zhang Peili , Li Fei , Sun Licheng , Li Fusheng
Published: December 2024

Significant efforts have been dedicated to the development of highly efficient electrocatalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction reactions (eCO2RR). The outer coordination spheres of catalytic centers may play a pivotal role in the reaction pathway and kinetics for eCO2RR. Herein, three single copper sites coordinated Aza‐fused conjugated organic frameworks (Aza‐COFs‐Cu) with different outer coordination spheres around Cu sites are designed. Experiment and density functional theory (DFT) calculation results reveal that the redox non‐innocent outer spheres around Cu sites significantly influence the catalytic performance of Aza‐COFs‐Cu for eCO2RR. When adjacent redox non‐innocent groups of uncoordinated aromatic‐N and quinone around the Cu centers act as the symmetry‐breaking sites, the energy‐consuming activation process of CO2 molecules can be accelerated via the H+/e− transfer process to form *COOH intermediates, which will significantly improve the performance for eCO2RR. This study provides a new perspective on the design of more advanced electrocatalysts for eCO2RR through redox non‐innocent spheres engineering.
Tunable Chiroptical Activity in Branched Ag@Au Nanoparticles with Molecular Chirality and Geometric Chirality
Authors: Liu Wenliang , Ju Xinfeng , Wang Yan , Fang Xiaoyu , Wang Dong , Wang Jiqian
Published: December 2024

Chiral plasmonic nanomaterials have attracted significant awareness due to their applications in chiral catalysis, biosensing, photonics, and separation. Constructing plasmonic core–shell nanomaterials with geometric chirality and desirable optical chirality is a crucial yet challenging task for extending the range of chiral plasmonic nanomaterials. Here, a two‐step method is reported for the synthesis of Gold (Au) branches wrapped silver (Ag) nanocubes (L/DBAg@Au) with strong and tunable circular dichroism (CD) signals under the regulation of L/D‐cysteine (L/D‐Cys). The Au branches consisted of multiple pinwheel‐like Au. Both experimental results and theoretical simulations have demonstrated that the CD signals of these structures originated from the synergism between molecular chirality and geometrical chirality. The CD signals in the visible region could be enhanced through coupling effects between Au and Ag. The CD signals and geometries evolved with the variations in Cys concentration, chiral molecule type, and incubation time. This work provides valuable insights to guide the rational design of plasmonic core–shell nanomaterials with geometric chirality.
Kinetic Monte Carlo Modeling of Helium Bubble Nucleation onto Oxides in the Fe‐Ti‐Y‐O System
Authors: Nellis Chris , Hin Céline
Published: December 2024

A kinetic Monte Carlo model is developed to simulate the introduction of transmutation helium (He) atoms into nanostructured ferritic alloys (NFAs) during neutron irradiation. In this simulation, interstitial He atoms diffuse through the NFA until they become trapped within clusters consisting of other He atoms and vacancies that result from the irradiation process. The Y‐Ti‐O nano‐oxides present in the NFAs are found to be highly effective in capturing these He atoms. As a result, they prevent the formation of He bubbles at grain boundaries. Helium bubbles form on the nano‐oxides, exhibiting characteristics such as size and number density that closely resemble those observed in experimental studies. Moreover, the simulations reveal that the bubbles tend to prefer nucleation at the <111> oxide interface, and stable bubbles maintain a He‐to‐vacancy (He/Vac) ratio ranging from 1.3 to 1.8. Importantly, the presence of He bubbles is found to have a negligible impact on the segregation of solutes to the grain boundaries or on the stability of the nano‐oxides in the NFAs.
Extracellular Vesicles in Gut‐Bone Axis: Novel Insights and Therapeutic Opportunities for Osteoporosis
Authors: Liu Han , Li Ruiyang , Yang Huijian , Situ Bo , Wang Guangchao , Xu Ke , Su Jiacan
Published: December 2024

Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic and retrogressive disease characterized by decreased bone density and fragile bone microstructure. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), a cell‐free system with a phospholipid bilayer released by cells that cannot be replicated, have unique nanostructure, stable drug‐loading capacity, and good biocompatibility, playing an important role in regulating the gut‐skeletal axis. A growing body of research demonstrates that gut microbiota (GM) influence the development of OS, while bacteria‐derived EVs (BEVs) have become a new dialogue medium between the gut and bone. Additionally, organoids are 3D cell clusters in vitro that highly simulate the structure and function of corresponding organs. Intestinal organoids‐derived EVs (IOEVs) serve as another promising communication medium between the gut and bone due to their significant physiological effects. Herein, three types of gut‐bone axes, including the traditional, BEVs‐based, and IOEVs‐based gut‐bone axes are innovatively proposed. The impact of the BEVs‐based and IOEVs‐based gut‐bone axes on OP is focused. The comprehensive summary of three types of gut‐bone axes will reveal the relationship between intestinal and bone and provide new solution to OP therapy.
Probing Photo‐Assisted Charge Storage Mechanism Using Bi‐Fe Perovskite Oxide Electrode for Solar Supercapacitor
Authors: Samtham Manopriya , Patil Ajay , Choudhary Ekta , Srivastava Himanshu , Jangir Ravindra , Choudhary Ram J. , Devan Rupesh S.
Published: December 2024

In this study, the rhombohedral crystalline pure phase BiFeO3 (BFO) of irregularly shaped spherical particles of ≈100 nm and energy bandgap of ≈2.31 eV are synthesized by sol–gel auto‐combustion method and explored as electrode material for photo‐assisted supercapacitor. The electronic structure studies revealed that the coexistence of heterovalent Bi and Fe elements accelerated the electrochemical redox kinetics and photo‐assisted charge storage properties. The resonant photoemission studies confirmed that near the Fermi level, the valence band spectra comprised the Fe3d and O2p hybridized states. The Fe‐O hybridized state felicitates the charge transfer transitions (O2p (h+) + hυ ↔ Fe3+ + e− ↔ Fe2+), which assists the intercalation/de‐intercalation process of OH− anions. Therefore, BFO has delivered 26.77% photo efficiency and the enhanced specific capacity of 21 Cg−1 at 2 Ag−1 in aq. 3m KOH under illumination, which is attributed to the accelerated photo‐generated charge carrier separation and storage with surface polarization effect. BFO also delivered capacitance retention of 77.5% even after 1000 continuous GCD cycles under visible light irradiation.
An Intersectional Approach to Emotion Labor and Language Teacher Identity: The Case of a Black American Woman Educator Teaching English Abroad in South Korea†
Authors: Maddamsetti Jihea , Hinton KaaVonia
Published: December 2024

Emotion labor is so rooted in power structures of English learning and teaching that it pervades the everyday lives of language teachers and shapes their language teacher identities (LTIs). However, few studies have documented the emotion labor of Black women educators as they teach English abroad. Adopting an intersectional approach to emotion labor, this study addresses this gap by examining how one Black American woman educator, Kayla, engages in emotion labor to make sense of her LTIs over three years, teaching English in Korea. The analyses of the interview data show that Kayla's emotion labor regarding her intersectional positions (e.g., race, language, gender, nationality, age) encouraged her to reflect upon her overseas teaching experiences and search for avenues to navigate emotional job demands in the classroom and beyond, over time. Based on these findings, we conclude with implications for TESOL teacher education research and practice that considers using intersectionality to help all language teachers, and particularly those with intersectionally marginalized identities, to trace and understand the structures and history that bear upon their emotional and professional lives.
New method for extraction, identification, and quantification of non‐intentionally added substances in polystyrene
Authors: Pérocheau Arnaud Sacha , Michelet Véronique , Olivero Sandra , Navard Patrick , Combeaud Christelle , Mija Alice
Published: December 2024

An efficient one‐step extraction method was developed for the recovery of additives and non‐intentionally added substances (NIAS) from polystyrene, performed at room temperature for 2.33 h, without grinding to avoid fostering the formation of NIAS unrelated to polymer processing. Solvent use (39.2 mL/g) was greatly reduced compared with extraction conditions previously reported. The study of NIAS is analytically challenging but with high importance since their presence is a potential threat to human health and to the environment while reducing plastic potential recyclability. For an understanding of NIAS formation and influence of processing parameters, a systematic approach was taken, using virgin polystyrene mixed with known quantities of standard additives as model materials (Irganox_1076, Tinuvin_326, Irgafos_168). The degradation of one additive was identified by NMR and GC–MS. Precise multiple‐point quantification with internal standard was performed by GC–MS, measuring a 5.1 wt% Irgafos_168 degradation, with additives LOD ranging from 0.55–0.95 ppm. Evaluation of analytical challenges, such as matrix effects, was discussed and quantified. This method will help the quality control of virgin and recycled PS materials, including food contact ones, and improve the knowledge of PS processing impact on NIAS formation.
Taxis and Texture: Johann Daniel Major (1634–1693) on Spirits, Salts, and the Limits of Analysis
Authors: Keller Vera
Published: December 2024

Johann Daniel Major (1634–1693) made taxis, a revocable ordering of units, the main subject of his lifelong research across all domains. He derived this concept from experiments in color changes in liquid solutions, an area of research that was especially vibrant in his cultural and intellectual milieu. Major drew on Cartesianism to query qualitative views of color and color change but he disagreed with rational Cartesians that reason could suffice to counteract the impact of original sin on knowledge. Due to the strife and sickness debilitating matter and human thought (itself highly conditioned by matter), Major remained skeptical that it was possible to identify the most basic building blocks of matter and thus focused more on synthesis and the complex textures it produced than upon analysis. Understanding had to remain provisional as experimental knowledge developed. Taxis provided Major the framework through which a dynamic array of knowledge could be co-articulated with a dynamic array of nature.
Phenomena and Principles: Analysis–Synthesis and Reduction–Deduction in Eighteenth-Century Experimental Physics
Authors: Steinle Friedrich
Published: December 2024

In the Encylopédie, d’Alembert hinted that “experimental physics,” unlike mathematical sciences, had a specific epistemic goal, which he characterized as “reducing” the multitude of phenomena to a few “principal facts” that should serve as principles for “deducing” all others. However, he did not detail precisely how he understood that goal, the status of the principal facts, nor the process of “multiplying” the phenomena. Neither did Diderot, who supported d’Alembert’s view. Herein, I present d’Alembert’s ideas and examine a prominent and highly successful case of experimental research as illustration: Charles Dufay, whose work d’Alembert certainly knew. Dufay not only managed to impose a firm order on the bewildering phenomena of electricity but also presented his research using the same epistemological notions that d’Alembert would himself later use. Similar notions may be found in the earlier writings of Edme Mariotte, who defined “principles of experience” as the goal of experimental research. This may suggest a specific tradition of spelling out the age-old idea of a double pathway of empirical science—from particular experience to general statements, and back again to the level of experiences—in a detailed manner that differed considerably from how Newton would frame it in his famous notions of analysis and synthesis.
Contesting the Musical Ear: Hermann von Helmholtz, Gottfried Weber and Carl Stumpf Analyzing Mozart
Authors: Kursell Julia
Published: December 2024

Music analysis emerged in the late nineteenth century as an occupation in its own right, independent from the education of composers. This chapter uses three case studies to describe how and with what aims three authors, in analyzing music by Mozart, produced samples to which to compare his music. It thereby traces how a pairing of the notions of analysis and composition increasingly created room for a concept of synthesis that eventually replaced the notion of the “fine ear” for music with procedures devised by the analyst that take into account a genuine malleability of hearing and listening. The cases are Hermann von Helmholtz’s charts for indicating the harmoniousness of its component chords in Mozart’s Ave verum corpus, K. 618; Gottfried Weber’s fabricated alternatives to the famous dissonances opening the string quartet C major, K. 465; and, finally, Carl Stumpf’s comments on his listening of the Serenade B-flat major, K. 361, after having extensively used the first technical analysis and synthesis of the sound of musical instruments.
Descartes, Leibniz, and Newton on Analysis and Synthesis
Authors: Guicciardini Niccolò
Published: December 2024

Early modern European mathematicians understood the terms “analysis” and “synthesis” according to the definitions provided by Pappus in the Collectiones mathematicae, which had been available in Latin translation since 1588. This chapter surveys the meanings that the two Pappusian methods acquired in the works of Descartes, Leibniz, and Newton to appreciate the different approaches that these authors adopted to the new symbolical analytical methods of algebra and calculus and to the synthetic tracing of curves. Tracing curves was important not only for the construction of geometrical solutions but also for several practical applications.
Cutting Through the Epistemic Circle: Analysis, Synthesis, and Method in Late Sixteenth- and Early Seventeenth-Century Anatomy
Authors: Baker Tawrin
Published: December 2024

This chapter examines several late sixteenth-century anatomical works that adopted either the terms and/or methods of analysis and synthesis. Following a general discussion of the various roles that images could play in anatomy, I compare methodological discussions of anatomy as analysis and synthesis with the actual dissection procedures and results of anatomical investigation of the eye found in works by Costanzo Varolio (1543–1575), André du Laurens (1558–1609), Girolamo Fabrici d’Acquapendente (1533–1619), and Giulio Casserio (1552–1616). The “method of anatomy” is discussed from several perspectives: as a dissection procedure leading to discovery, with physiological/theoretical implications only implied; as a pedagogical ordering of a text or course on anatomy, whereby one chooses either analysis or synthesis as one’s method; as an art (analysis) or a science (synthesis); as human artifice (analysis) vs. nature’s processes (synthesis/genesis); and finally as an ordered procedure, wherein one first dissects animal bodies, discovers temperaments and structures, and then conceptually reassembles the newly discovered and understood parts, with the aim of understanding the animal soul.
Social Virtual Reality für Inter- und Transkulturelles Lernen und Lehren im Englischunterricht
Authors: Hein Rebecca , Steinbock Jeanine , Eisenmann Maria , Wienrich Carolin , Latoschik Marc Erich
Published: December 2024

Für die Integration von Social Virtual Reality (SVR) in den Englischunterricht zur Förderung inter- und transkultureller Kompetenzen fehlen ein umfassender Rahmen, empirische Belege, Bewertungsmethoden und Überlegungen zur Skalierbarkeit. Das limitiert den effektiven und evidenzbasierten Einsatz von SVR in der Bildung und schränkt potenziell seine Fähigkeit ein, den Aufbau von inter- und transkultureller Kompetenz zu unterstützen und Diskriminierung, Stereotypenbildung und rassistisches Denken beim Sprachenlernen zu bekämpfen. Das Teilprojekt von CoTeach leistet hier einen wichtigen Beitrag, indem ein Seminar für angehende Lehrpersonen entwickelt und evaluiert wurde, das die Teilnehmenden über Potenziale und Herausforderungen von SVR im inter- und transkulturellen Kompetenzaufbau informierte. Darüber hinaus ermöglicht das Seminarkonzept das Einüben wichtiger Handlungskompetenzen im Umgang mit SVR, sodass ein Übertrag für spätere Unterrichtsplanung gelingen kann. Der interdisziplinäre Ansatz hebt die Synergie zwischen inter- und transkultureller Bildung und Human–Computer Interaction (HCI) hervor und zeigt die Wichtigkeit innovativer Lehrkonzepte mithilfe von digitalen Tools.
Philosophie und Psychologie im interdisziplinären Dialog
Authors: Tulis Maria
Published: December 2024

In Österreich wird das Unterrichtsfach Psychologie und Philosophie (PP) als Pflicht- bzw. Wahlpflichtfach an Allgemeinbildenden Höheren Schulen (Gymnasien) und Berufsbildenden Höheren Schulen (z. B. Bildungsanstalten für Elementarpädagogik) unterrichtet und ist dementsprechend auch Bestandteil der universitären Lehrer*innenbildung. In der Praxis werden die Möglichkeiten eines interdisziplinären Zugangs im Rahmen dieses Doppelfaches aber kaum genutzt, obwohl sich beide Fächer hervorragend eignen, lebensweltliche Probleme zum Ausgangspunkt sowohl fachspezifischer als auch fachübergreifender Lern- und Austauschprozesse zu machen. Basierend auf Aspekten psychologischer Bildung sowie Gemeinsamkeiten zwischen Psychologiedidaktik und einer modernen Philosophiedidaktik stellt der Beitrag die Bedeutsamkeit der Verbindung beider Fächer heraus und skizziert unterrichtspraktische Umsetzungsmöglichkeiten für einen interdisziplinären Dialog zwischen Psychologie und Philosophie.
Was hat die Philosophie je für uns getan?
Authors: Burkard Anne
Published: December 2024

Inspiriert durch einen Dialog aus Monty Pythons „Life of Brian“, in dem Widerstandskämpfer:innen zähneknirschend eingestehen müssen, dass die kulturellen Errungenschaften beträchtlich sind, die sie den Römern verdanken, frage ich in diesem Beitrag nach Bildungsbeiträgen der Philosophie in ihrem eigenen Recht. Vor dem Hintergrund skeptischer Anfragen ist es mein Anliegen daran zu erinnern, dass die Philosophie für die Entfaltung ihres spezifischen Bildungsbeitrags nicht auf interdisziplinäre Unterstützung angewiesen ist. Als Errungenschaften, mit denen die Philosophie in ihrem eigenen Recht im schulischen Kontext zur Geltung kommen kann und sollte, führe ich exemplarisch die Arbeit mit methodischen Werkzeugen der Philosophie, das Nachdenken über Dissense und Relativismus sowie die Reflexion migrationsethischer Fragen an. Die Bildungspotenziale der Philosophie können insbesondere dann entwickelt werden, so argumentiere ich, wenn wir im Philosophie- und Ethikunterricht ebenso wie in der Lehrkräftebildung der Fächergruppe einen klaren Fokus auf philosophische Gegenstände und Methoden legen. So kann der Philosophie- und Ethikunterricht die Schüler:innen dazu in die Lage versetzten, sich mit einer philosophischen Perspektive in die ebenfalls anzustrebenden fächerübergreifenden, fächerverbindenden oder interdisziplinären Projekte einzubringen.
A Simple Single Bounding Surface Model of Undrained Saturated Clays
Authors: Cheng Xinglei , Lu Dechun , Wang Piguang
Published: December 2024

A simple single bounding surface constitutive model is developed to predict the undrained behaviors of saturated clays under cyclic loads. The new model does not involve complex kinematic hardening rules, and it is only required to memorize important stress reverse events; therefore, the simplicity should be the largest advantage of the model. A new interpolation function of an elastoplastic shear modulus is proposed based on bounding surface theories.
Higher categories of push–pull spans, I: construction and applications
Authors: Riva Lorenzo
Published: December 2024

This is the first part of a project aimed at formalizing Rozansky–Witten models in the functorial field theory framework. Motivated by work of Calaque–Haugseng–Scheimbauer, we construct a family of symmetric monoidal

$$(\infty ,3)$$

(
∞
,
3
)

-categories "Equation missing", parametrized by an

$$\infty $$

∞

-category "Equation missing" with finite limits and a representable functor "Equation missing" with pushforwards, which contains correspondences in "Equation missing" with local systems in "Equation missing" that compose via a push–pull formula. We apply this general construction to provide an approximation "Equation missing" to the 3-category of Rozansky–Witten models whose existence was conjectured by Kapustin–Rozansky–Saulina; this approximation behaves like a “commutative” version of the conjectured 3-category and is related to work of Stefanich on higher quasicoherent sheaves.
Representations of symmetric and alternating groups and their double covers that remain irreducible modulo every prime
Authors: Fayers Matthew , Morotti Lucia
Published: December 2024

We classify globally irreducible representations of alternating groups and double covers of symmetric and alternating groups. In order to achieve this classification we also completely characterise irreducible representations of such groups which reduce almost homogeneously in every characteristic. This also allows us to classify irreducible representations that remain irreducible in every characteristic as well as irreducible representations of these groups that can appear as composition factors of globally irreducible representations of groups containing

$${\mathfrak {A}}_{n}$$

A
n

or

$${\hat{\mathfrak {A}}}_{n}$$

A
^

n

as normal subgroups. In particular we show that, apart from finitely many exceptions, for any of these questions such representations are either 1-dimensional or basic spin representations.
A family of non-isomorphic maximal function fields
Authors: Beelen Peter , Montanucci Maria , Niemann Jonathan , Quoos Luciane
Published: December 2024

The problem of understanding whether two given function fields are isomorphic is well-known to be difficult, particularly when the aim is to prove that an isomorphism does not exist. In this paper we investigate a family of maximal function fields that arise as Galois subfields of the Hermitian function field. We compute the automorphism group, the Weierstrass semigroup at some special rational places and the isomorphism classes of such function fields. In this way, we show that often these function fields provide in fact examples of maximal function fields with the same genus, the same automorphism group, but that are not isomorphic.
Alterations of upper-extremity functional muscle networks in chronic stroke survivors
Authors: O’Reilly David , Delis Ioannis
Published: December 2024

Current clinical assessment tools don’t fully capture the genuine neural deficits experienced by chronic stroke survivors and, consequently, they don’t fully explain motor function throughout everyday life. Towards addressing this problem, here we aimed to characterise post-stroke alterations in upper-limb control from a novel perspective to the muscle synergy by applying, for the first time, a computational approach that quantifies diverse types of functional muscle interactions (i.e. functionally-similar (redundant), -complementary (synergistic) and -independent (unique)). From single-trials of a simple forward pointing movement, we extracted networks of functionally diverse muscle interactions from chronic stroke survivors and unimpaired controls, identifying shared and group-specific modules across each interaction type (i.e. redundant, synergistic and unique). Reconciling previous studies, we found evidence for both the concurrent preservation of healthy functional modules post-stroke and muscle network structure alterations underpinned by systemic muscle interaction re-weighting and functional reorganisation across all interaction types. Cluster analysis of stroke survivors revealed two distinct patient subgroups from each interaction type that all distinguished less impaired individuals who were able to adopt novel motor patterns different to unimpaired controls from more severely impaired individuals who did not. Our work here provides a nuanced account of post-stroke functional impairment and, in doing so, paves new avenues towards progressing the clinical use case of muscle synergy analysis.
5-years outcomes following arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction comparing quadruple hamstring and peroneus longus tendon autografts: a randomized control trial
Authors: Butt Umer , Vuletic Filip , Shaikh M Ali Ahmed , Amanullah  , Rehman Ghufran ur , Shah Imran Ali , Stålman Anders , Khan Zainab Aqeel
Published: December 2024

Aims

This study presents clinical outcomes, functional results, and return to sports after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using quadruple hamstring tendon autograft or peroneus longus tendon autograft in a randomized controlled trial.

Patients and methods

Between February 2018 and July 2019, patients who underwent ACL reconstruction were randomly assigned to two groups: hamstring and peroneus longus. Patient related outcome measurements and pain intensity were evaluated using IKDC, Lysholm, and visual analog scores at 3 and 6 months, 1, 2, and 5 years after the surgery. At the 5 year follow-up, anterior stability was tested using the 3D printable Knee Arthrometer. In addition, in the peroneus longus group, ankle functional assessment was performed using the American foot and ankle score. Additionally, data on the return to sports/activities was collected for both groups at the last follow-up.

Results

Sixty patients, with 30 in the hamstring group and 30 in the peroneus group, were included in the study. Patients were predominately male and with low activity demands. After five years of follow-up, there was no significant difference in functional assessment scores (IKDC and Lysholm) between the two groups (P n.s). The median graft diameter was 7.9 ± 0.4 mm in the hamstring tendon group and 8.9 ± 0.2 mm in the PL group (P < 0.001). The improvement in Arthrometer testing measurements (AMT) for the operated knees in the hamstring and peroneus longus groups were similar. In the peroneus longus group, the mean postoperative foot and ankle score was 98.6 ± 3.9 (range = 85–100).

Conclusion

Using Peroneus longus tendon autograft for arthroscopic ACL reconstruction is a feasible alternative as studied in this cohort of predominately male patients with low activity demands. The graft diameter in this study was sufficient, and the results regarding laxity and patient related outcome measurements were similar to those achieved with hamstring tendon autografts.

Level of evidence

Level I

Trial registration

ChiCTR2000036989
One direction? Cultural aspects of the mental number line beyond reading direction
Authors: Bulut Merve , Roth Lilly , Bahreini Narjes , Cipora Krzysztof , Reips Ulf Dietrich , Nuerk Hans-Christoph
Published: December 2024

Spatial-Numerical Associations (SNAs) refer to the demonstrations of spatial processing of numbers. The Mental Number Line (MNL) is a representation model describing numbers as aligning left-to-right (LR) and was suggested to account for directional biases in participants’ responses during numerical tasks. One common behavioral demonstration of this is the Spatial-Numerical Associations of Response Codes (SNARC) effect, which describes faster left-/right-hand responses to smaller/larger numbers, respectively. The MNL, and, consequently, directional SNAs, show variabilities across different cultures. Reading direction is considered to be the main factor in explaining these differences. In line with this, individuals with right-to-left (RL) reading habits show a weaker or even reverse SNARC effect. In the present study, we investigated whether SNAs are influenced not only by reading direction, but also by cultural directional preferences such as drawing lines, arranging objects, imagining objects (i.e., rightward or leftward facing), or representing events in time (i.e., mentally representing the past/future on the left/right, respectively). To test this hypothesis, we measured the cultural directional preferences and the SNARC effect across three cultures in an online setup; German, Turkish, and Iranian. LR preferences in the Cultural Directional Preferences Questionnaire were most prominent in German participants, intermediate in Turkish participants, and least prominent in Iranian participants. In line with this, the LR SNARC effect was strongest in German, intermediate in Turkish, and weakest (but not RL) in Iranian culture. These findings suggest that cultural directional preferences are involved in the emergence of adult SNAs in addition to the reading direction.
Einsatz von SmED bei Notfallpatient:innen mit geringer Fallschwere in einem universitären Notfallzentrum
Authors: Ebbers Marcel , Rovas Alexandros , Köhnke Richard , Düsing Helena , Bernhard Michael , Gräff Ingo , Pavenstädt Hermann , Kümpers Philipp
Published: December 2024

Hintergrund

Zur optimalen Disposition von Notfallpatient:innen mit geringer Fallschwere wurde der Einsatz digitaler Assistenzsysteme in der Notaufnahme vorgeschlagen.

Fragestellung

Die vorliegende Studie hatte zum Ziel, die Eignung des digitalen Assistenzsystems SmED (Strukturierte medizinische Ersteinschätzung in Deutschland) für die Bestimmung der Behandlungsdringlichkeit und der Versorgungsstufe von Notfallpatient:innen mit geringer Fallschwere eines universitären Notfallzentrums zu evaluieren.

Material und Methoden

275 erwachsene Patient:innen der Manchester-Triage-System(MTS)-Kategorien 3, 4 und 5 wurden prospektiv mithilfe von SmED eingeschätzt. Die tatsächlich erfolgten stationären Aufnahmen (Aufnahmequote) und der Bedarf an Notfallressourcen wurden zwischen den von SmED diskriminierten Gruppen verglichen.

Ergebnisse

In 70 % der Fälle empfahl SmED eine Behandlung in der Notaufnahme; in 30 % der Fälle wurde eine vertragsärztliche Vorstellung empfohlen. In 79,4 % der Fälle empfahl SmED einen sofortigen bzw. schnellstmöglichen Behandlungsbeginn. 17,9 % der Patient:innen wurde eine Behandlung innerhalb von 24 h und 2,7 % ein Behandlungsbeginn jenseits von 24 h empfohlen. Die Aufnahmequote derjenigen Patient:innen, die von SmED in die Notaufnahme bzw. zum Vertragsarzt gelenkt worden wären, unterschied sich nicht (Notaufnahme: 56,7 % vs. Vertragsarzt: 49,4 %, p = 0,28). Ebenso war der Ressourcenverbrauch zwischen den Gruppen nicht unterschiedlich.

Schlussfolgerung

Die Diskriminationsfähigkeit des digitalen Assistenzsystems SmED erweist sich in unserer Studienpopulation als unzureichend.
p53 and Ki-67 combined with periodic acid-Schiff staining for the diagnosis of early stage esophageal squamous cell carcinoma lesions in biopsy specimens
Authors: Liu Feifei , Zhao Hongying , Li Xue
Published: December 2024

Background

Esophageal cancer is highly prevalent in China, predominantly represented by squamous cell carcinoma. This retrospective study sought to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of four staining protocols in identifying early stage esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Methods

A consecutive series of ninety biopsy samples of esophageal mucosa, collected retrospectively from March 2016 to December 2019, were obtained at Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, a tertiary care facility in Beijing, China. These samples were categorized into four groups: non-neoplastic squamous lesions (Non-NSL), low-grade dysplasia (LGD), high-grade dysplasia (HGD), and early stage ESCC. Baseline, molecular analyses (p53 by immunohistochemistry and Ki-67 by immunohistochemistry), and staining analyses (hematoxylin & eosin (HE) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) were conducted across the categories. The staining protocols included HE, HE + p53 + Ki-67, HE + p53 + Ki-67 + PAS, and HE + p53/PAS + Ki-67/PAS.

Results

Patients with HGD and ESCC were significantly older and had larger lesions. Elevated p53 and Ki-67 mutation rates were observed in HGD and ESCC, while increased PAS positivity was noted in RE and LGD. The p53, Ki-67, and PAS staining results showed mostly no correlation among the four groups. Abnormal Ki-67 basal layer distribution pattern correlated with histological grades, with higher proportions in HGD and ESCC. HE + p53 + Ki-67 + PAS and HE + p53/PAS + Ki-67/PAS demonstrated complete consistency with the reference standard, with weighted κ values of 1. HE + p53 + Ki-67 + PAS and HE + p53/PAS + Ki-67/PAS protocols exhibited 100% accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for diagnosing ESCC or ESCC combined with HGD, outperforming the other protocols.

Conclusions

Incorporating specific staining protocols, particularly HE + p53 + Ki-67 + PAS and HE + p53/PAS + Ki-67/PAS, enhances the diagnostic accuracy for early stage ESCC, showing promise in advancing the pathology diagnostic pathway.
Perceived Biological Bases of Sexual Orientation and Sexual Prejudice: The Moderating Role of Gender and Religious Beliefs
Authors: Falomir-Pichastor Juan M. , Confino Dan , Anderson Joel R. , Koc Yasin
Published: December 2024

Prior correlational studies have shown that belief in the biological theory of sexual orientation (BTSO) is associated with more positive attitudes toward homosexuality. However, individuals often interpret scientific evidence in ways that align with their pre-existing beliefs and motivations. This research experimentally investigated whether gender and religiosity moderate heterosexual individuals’ responses to scientific evidence either supporting or refuting BTSO. In two studies, heterosexual men (Study 1, N = 118) and both men and women (Study 2, N = 280) reported their religiosity and were exposed to evidence suggesting either biological differences or similarities between heterosexual and gay individuals. Results showed that, in the biological differences condition, heterosexual women and less religious men were more likely to perceive homosexuality as a natural biological variation and expressed more positive attitudes toward it. In contrast, more religious men interpreted the same evidence as indicating a biological anomaly in gay individuals and displayed more negative attitudes toward homosexuality.
Bismuth oxyiodide-oxychloride mixed phase nanocomposites: synthesis, adsorption capacity, and photocatalytic activity under visible light
Authors: Vela-Vázquez R. , Vilchis-Nestor A. R. , Herrera-González Ana M. , Salazar-Kuri U. , Cadena-Torres E. , Pérez-Centeno A. , Tepech-Carrillo L. , Escobedo-Morales A.
Published: December 2024

The synthesis of bismuth oxyiodide-oxychloride mixed phase (BiO-I
x
Cl
y
) nanocomposites is reported. Their adsorption capacity and photocatalytic activity were evaluated in the removal of RhB dye from water under visible light illumination as a model system. The microstructure and optical properties of the obtained materials were studied in detail using several characterization techniques. It was found that the phase composition and resulting morphology depend on the nominal I:Cl molar ratio. The adsorption capacity/photocatalytic activity of the BiO-I
x
Cl
y
nanocomposites tends to increase with the iodide/chloride content. Adsorption efficiencies as large as 80.0% were achieved for those nanocomposites with significant Bi5O7I content; however, their photocatalytic activity is moderate (>70%). The nanocomposite with intermediate chloride content showed the highest photocatalytic efficiency (89.3%). It is ascribed to a large active phase (Bi3O4Cl) content and the formation of in-built electric fields at Bi5O7I-Bi3O4Cl heterojunctions. The synergy of photocatalytic activity and moderate adsorption capacity allows Bi5O7I-Bi3O4Cl nanocomposites to achieve a total removal efficiency as high as 96.4%. Possible physicochemical mechanisms are proposed.

Graphical Abstract