bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hemorojinių mazgų chirurginio gydymo rezultatų palyginimas
Authors: Denisenko Valery Larionovich
Published: January 2019

Valery Larionovich Denisenko
2nd Vitebsk regional clinical hospital, Nekrasova 10, Vitebsk 211000, BelarusEl. paštas: boln_priem@vitebsk.by
Tikslas: Palyginti prieširdžių pertvaros defekto chirurginio ir perkateterinio gydymo metodų ankstyvuosius rezultatus ir komplikacijas.
Comparative analysis of chronic hemorrhoids surgical treatment
Valery Larionovich Denisenko
2nd Vitebsk regional clinical hospital, Nekrasova 10, Vitebsk 211000, BelarusE-mail: boln_priem@vitebsk.by
Abstract. The problem of hemorrhoids treatment has been important for more then two thousand years. After the standard closed hemmorroidectomy in the postoperative period pain syndrome long-term rehabilitation of patients, a large number of relapses, can be observed. Implementation method of rubber band ligation, as well as the trans anal doppler-guided hemorrhoidal artery ligation, are an alternative to hemorrhoidectomy in patients with hemorrhoids stage III. The analysis of treatment result was in 75 patients with chronic hemorrhoids treated at proctologic ward in the station Vitebsk (since 2008 II Vitebsk Regional Clinical Hospital) from 2002 to 2009. Accordiny to method of treatment for chronic hemorrhoids three groups of patients. Application were distinguished of trans-anal disarterization of internal hemorrhoids under doppler control with mucopexy and lifting and rubber band ligation gives positive results. In reduction of patients disability from 18,4 ± 0,5 days to 1,3 ± 0,3 days (p < 0,05) rehabilitation of the patients on faster than rehabilitation after using traditional techniques.
Key words: hemorrhoids, Doppler, lifting, mucopexy.
Artimi įstrigusių pilvo sienos išvaržų gydymo rezultatai
Authors: Stanaitis Juozas , Saltanavičius Robertas , Povilavičius Jonas , Stašinskas Algimantas
Published: January 2019

Juozas Stanaitis, Robertas Saltanavičius, Jonas Povilavičius, Algimantas Stašinskas
Vilniaus universitetas, Vilniaus greitosios pagalbos universitetinė ligoninė,Šiltnamių g. 29, LT-04130 VilniusEl. paštas: juozas.stanaitis@mf.vu.lt
Įstrigusios išvaržos gydymo rezultatai nėra patenkinami. Jie daugiausia priklauso nuo laiku atliktos diagnostikos ir gydymo. Todėl šiame straipsnyje nutarta apžvelgti ir apibendrinti Vilniaus greitosios pagalbos universitetinės ligoninės įstrigusios išvaržos gydymo dešimties metų rezultatus.
Reikšminiai žodžiai: įstrigusi išvarža, gydymas, rezultatai.
Early results of incarcerated abdominal wall hernia repair
Juozas Stanaitis, Robertas Saltanavičius, Jonas Povilavičius, Algimantas Stašinskas
Vilnius University, Vilnius University Emergency Hospital,Šiltnamių str. 29, LT-04130 Vilnius, LithuaniaE-mail: juozas.stanaitis@mf.vu.lt
The incarcerated hernia still remains an urgent problem. In the cases of strangulated hernia almost it is important damaging of intraabdominal organs, especially bowels, because it predetermine the course of disease in distance. This article is prospective estimation of treatment results of incarcerated hernias, also complicated with bowel necrosis. According to the data from case history we look over 621 patients had undergone operation because of incarcerated abdominal wall hernias during last ten years. This amount form 1/5 of all patients had operated on due to abdominal wall hernias. All cases are divided up in two groups: incarcerated hernia without damage of bowel (n = 556) and incarcerated hernia with bowel's necrosis (n = 65). Patient's age, duration of illness, localisation of hernia, pathological changing in strangulated bowels, operation's methods, postoperative complications and cause of deaths were taking into consideration. 17 patients had died among 621 were operated on because of incarcerated hernia, the rate of mortality was 2.7 %. There were 10 deaths among 65 patients bowel necrosis had been founded (15.4 %). In other 556 patients group with vital incarcerated organs where hernioplasty were performed deaths had occurred in 7 cases – 1.3 %.
Key words: incarcerated hernia, surgery, results.
Retroperitoninio tarpo ganglioneuroma: klinikinio atvejo pristatymas
Authors: Čižauskaitė Agnė , Trakymas Mantas , Stratilatovas Eugenijus
Published: January 2019

Agnė Čižauskaitė1, Mantas Trakymas2, Eugenijus Stratilatovas1
1 Vilniaus universiteto Onkologijos instituto Bendrosios ir abdominalinės chirurgijos ir onkologijos skyrius, Santariškių g. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius2 Vilniaus universiteto Onkologijos instituto Intervencinės echoskopijos ir ultragarsinės diagnostikos poskyris, Santariškių g. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius
El. paštas: agne.cizauskaite@gmail.com; eugenijus.stratilatovas@vuoi.lt; mantas.trakymas@vuoi.lt
ĮvadasGanglioneuroma – retas, geros diferenciacijos nepiktybinis neuroblastinis navikas, susidarantis iš subrendusių autonominės nervų sistemos ląstelių. Dauguma šių navikų yra besimptomiai ir nustatomi atsitiktinio ištyrimo metu. Dažniausia jų lokalizacija yra užpakalinis tarpuplautis ir retroperitonis tarpas.
Klinikinis atvejisProfilaktinio tyrimo metu atlikus pilvo organų echoskopinį tyrimą 23-ejų metų pacientei diagnozuotas dešiniosios pilvo pusės navikas. Atlikus magnetinio rezonanso tomografijos tyrimą ir įvertinus histologinę biopsinės medžiagos išvadą nustatyta retroperitoninio tarpo ganglioneuromos diagnozė. Ligonei planine tvarka buvo atlikta naviko ekstirpacija. Bendras hospitalizacijos laikas – 13 dienų.
IšvadaRetroperitoninio tarpo ganglioneuromų diagnostika palyginti sudėtinga dėl menko naviko simptomiškumo ir tyrimo metodų specifiškumo. Operacija išlieka šių navikų gydymo aukso standartu.
Reikšminiai žodžiai: ganglioneuroma, retroperitoninis tarpas, naviko ekstirpacija.
Retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma: a case report
Agnė Čižauskaitė1, Mantas Trakymas2, Eugenijus Stratilatovas1
1 Vilnius University, Institute of Oncology, Department of General and Abdominal Surgery, Santariškių Str. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania2 Vilniaus University, Institute of Oncology, Department of Interventional Sonoscopy and Ultrasound Diagnostic, Santariškių Str. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania
E-mail: agne.cizauskaite@gmail.com; eugenijus.stratilatovas@vuoi.lt; mantas.trakymas@vuoi.lt
BackgroundGanglioneuroma is a rare, highly-differentiated, benign tumour originating in mature autonomic nerve cells. Most ganglioneuromas are asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally. The most common site of occurence is posterior mediastinum and retroperitoneum.
Case reportA 23-year-old female patient was incidentally found to have a right-side abdominal tumour on ultrasonography. Magnetic resonance imaging and the histopathological examination revealed the diagnosis of retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma. The patient underwent the tumour extirpation. The total hospitalization lasted 13 days.
ConclusionUnfortunately, the diagnostics of retroperitoneal ganglioneuromas is still relatively difficult because of the lack of specific symptoms and imaging findings. Surgical treatment still remains a “gold standard” in the management of these tumours.
Keywords: ganglioneuroma, retroperitoneum, tumour extirpation
Sugrįžtant prie organiškosios valstybės: apie katalikiškos sociologijos įtaką katalikiškajam korporatyvizmui
Authors: Kubekas Vilius
Published: January 2019

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English]

This article examines the uses of Catholic corporatist theory among Catholic social theorists in Lithuania during the interwar period, with particular focus on the social theory of Pranas Dielininkaitis (1902– 1942). Dielininkaitis, who received his doctoral degree in sociology at Paris University in 1933, acted as a transmitter of Catholic social theory in Lithuania. In 1934, he participated in the summer school on Catholic state theory in Switzerland. Later on, Dielininkaitis drew on his Swiss influences and used the existing framework of Catholic sociology to develop and promote his own concept of corporatism. Like many other Catholic social theorists, Dielininkaitis saw corporatism as a “third way” between capitalist and socialist economic systems. Interestingly, Dielininkaitis limited Catholic corporatism to social and economic spheres and separated it from political implications. However, in his considerations on the political crisis in France, Dielininkaitis maintained that the political form is an expression of social life. Therefore, his separation of  corporatism from the political sphere still remained problematic on a theoretical level; the perceived connection between political order and social life implied that Dielininkaitis’s concept of social and economic corporatism was open to a redefinition into a political project.
Тип петиметра в русской комедии XVIII века
Authors: Kulikova Irina
Published: January 2019

Dans cet article on analyse les qualités typologiques du portrait du Petit- maître d‘un des personnages principaux de la comédie russe des Lumières. On examine les particularités de son apparence, de son langage, de sa manière de vivre et de concevoir les choses. On reconnaît que ces particularités sont déterminées par le système des valeurs de la cour de Versailles et par l‘imitation servile et aveugle de moeurs de la haute société française. Petit-maître russe comme un type littéraire manifeste le point de vue satyrique et comique de la vie socio-culturelle de la Russie,basé sur le concept de la culture étrangère comme l‘exemple à suivre.
Есенин в творческой судьбе Арсения Формакова (20-30е годы)
Authors: Mekšs Eduards
Published: January 2019

Arsenijus Formakovas (1900–1983), tarpukario metais Latvijoje gyvenęs rusų poetas, prozininkas, publicistas, memuaristas savo eilėraščiuose orientavosi į urbanistinę Igorio Severianino poeziją ir polemizavo su Nikolajaus Kliujevo bei Sergejaus Jesenino rusiškojo kaimo poetizavimu. Tačiau Formakovo publicistikoje ir prozoje aptinkamas geranoriškas dėmesys Jeseninui ir jo kūrybai. Po Jesenino mirties Formakovas paskelbė keletą straipsnių ir apybraižų, skirtų rusų poetui ir jo atminimui. Straipsnyje detaliai analizuojamos Jesenino tema, poeto eilėraščių citatos, aliuzijos į tuometinę kritiką ir memuarus Formakovo romane Faina (1938). Analizė leidžia teigti, kad romano tekste paslėpta jo autoriaus meilė Sergejui Jeseninui, kuris kartu su Aleksandru Bloku romano Faina autoriaus sąmonėje įkūnija tėvynės vaizdą.
„Перед любовию твоею мне больно вспомнить о себе …“
Authors: Beržaitė Dagnė
Published: January 2019

XIX a. rusų poeto F. Tiutčevo meilės lyrika jau ne kartą susilaukė literatūros tyrėjų dėmesio. Šio straipsnio tikslas – pabandyti dar sykį perskaityti Tiutčevo meilės temomis parašytus eilėrasčius kaip atspindinčius bendrus poeto filosofinės minties ieškojimus ir atradimus. Tradiciškai literatūroje apie Tiutčevo kūrybą meilės tema išskiriamas „Denisjevos ciklas“, tačiau nepatikslinamas jam priklausančių poetinių tekstų sąrašas, ką, remiantis ciklo sąvokos aiškinimu, bando padaryti straipsnio autorė. Tuo pačiu pabrėžiama, kad visi (net ir nepatekę į „realų“ ciklą) su „Denisjevos istorija“ susiję eilėraščiai – tik dalis Tiutčevo meilės lyrikos. Tikras jos subjekto savitumas, poeto „aš“ pozicijos prieštaringumas ir dramatizmas atsiskleidžia tik įvertinus visus Tiutčevo meilės lyrikos pavyzdžius, adresuotus skirtingoms moterims. Straipsnyje nagrinėjami eilėraščiai, įrodantys, kad kiekvieną sykį naujai mylimajai dedikuotas „išgrynintas“ meilės išgyvenimas tik dar kartą atkartoja jau patirtą jausmą, pakylėdamas jį vis į naujas poetines aukštumas. Visi Tiutčevo intymiosios lyrikos pavyzdžiai byloja apie neišvengiamą žmogaus gyvenimo judėjimą užburtu ratu – iš Nebūties į Būtį ir atgal, ir nuo paties žmogaus valios niekas čia nepriklauso.
Polio žmogaus ugdymas ir tradicija Faidro kalboje (Symp. 178 a–180 b)
Authors: Ališauskas Vytautas
Published: January 2019

Phaedrus’ speech in Plato’s Symposium was often ignored by Platonic scholars as unphilosophical, and has been analysed mostly in its rhetorical aspects. This narrowed the intentions of the dialogue down to theoretical speculations, neglecting a practical problem – namely, which values of the Greek polis remained relevant in the epoch of radical cultural transformation through which Plato lived. The detailed analysis of Phaedrus’ speech reveals some of its aspects that remained latent until now, establishing that the system of concepts of ‘shame’ and ‘aspiration to glory’ derives from the traditional system of values of Greek military community, and thus has a concrete historical and social content. It was precisely Socrates and later Plato who embarked on the revision of the Greek concept of ‘shame’ (as Plato’s Apology attests). The paper employs additional sources that help to recreate the historical context of the speech and to inscribe it into its authentic Sitz im Leben.Furthermore, Lysias’ speech against Alcibiades is linked with Phaedrus’ speech and the whole context of the Symposium.
Marcialio epigramos teatras
Authors: Packočinaitė-Biržietienė Skirmantė
Published: January 2019

The article deals with the poetry of famous Roman epigramist Marcus Valerius Martial (Marcus Valerius Martialis (41–104). In some epistolary prefaces to his books of epigrams (e.g. to I epigram book, as well as to II epigram book) he creates the ambience of the theater and it looks as he is inviting his reader to the epigram theater. These passages provide two potential ways of interpretation. First, Martial himself explains the nature of the epigram comparing it with the mime. Mime is a part of the ancient comic theater and was the most popular kind of performance in the Imperial Rome. Also mimes’ performance was a part of some Roman religious festivals, especially to those sacred to the deities of changing time, fertility, nature revival, such as Saturnalia, Floralia. Our poet tells, that epigram is of the same kind as Floralia mimes and contains the force of verbal licence of this feast.Next possible device is to compare epigrammatic heritage of Martial with the New comedy. The history of this comedy begins in the end of the IVth B. C. century in the Greece, but Roman writers of the IInd century B. C. took the most greatest pieces and adapted them to the Roman life. These comedies were interested in the life of the common people, presenting the different types and characters, showing first of all the vice and making it commic. Martial as well declares being interested in the different taints and is going to satirise them, not somebody personal. He is showing a lot of characters simmilar to the personages of the New comedy, such as niggards, whores, drunkards, charlatans, bad teachers, doctors, cooks etc.
Trumpieji Vilniaus bažnyčių įrašai: klasifikacijos ir apibrėžties problemos
Authors: Gerliakienė Veronika
Published: January 2019

Baroque architecture of Lithuanian churches is distinguished by a great amount of various inscriptions. This article deals with short Latin inscriptions, their classification and description. There are eleven types of such texts: explanatory, fundative and donative, occasional, memorial, precautionary, emblematic, votive, like litany, sentential. The last group consists of a few texts, which couldn’t find place among those named above.Inscriptions were written not for (or not only for) decorative purposes. It is possible to speak about joint composition of the text and image (fresco, picture, sculpture, plastic figure), nevertheless the function of the text isn’t aesthetic. Classification given above proves that short inscriptions aimed at teaching, explaining, preventing from misinterpretation, immortalizing an event or a person, and expressing a certain concept corresponding with different forms of art.
Teatras popieriaus lape: Egono Schiele’s ekspresionistiniai autoportretai
Authors: Kolytaitė Dalia
Published: January 2019

Im Werk von Egon Schiele ist der Körper (besonders sein eigener) mit seinen mannigfaltigen Ausdrucksformen ein zentrales Thema. Die stark ausgeprägte und sehr spezifische Körpersprache entwickelte der Künstler vor dem Spiegel, wovon nicht nur biographische Daten, sondern auch Photos zeugen. Mit dem ausdrucksvollen Variieren seines Körpers präsentiert Schiele seine Neigung zum Wechseln der Identität, der Rollen, des Selbst, wobei er sich gleichzeitig in drei Positionen befindet: des Darstellers, des Regisseurs und des Zuschauers.Als Objekt der Analyse wurden die sechs Selbstbildnisse ausgewählt: „Selbstbildnis mit kariertem Hemd“ (1917), „Der Prediger (Selbstbildnis)“ (1913), „Der Kämpfer (Selbstbildnis)“ (1913), „Sitzender männlicher Akt (Selbstbildnis)“ (1917), „Der Tänzer (Selbstbildnis)“ (1911), „Männlicher Halbakt mit rotem Lendentuch (Selbstbildnis)“ (1914). Sie stellen verschiedene plastischen Konfigurationen des Körpers im Raum dar. Obwohl diese Bilder in unterschiedlichen Jahren entstanden sind, lassen sich alle sechs Selbstbildnisse aufgrund der ähnlichen Darstellungsweise, Manier und derselben Technik als ein Pantomimestück betrachten. Für eine solche Betrachtungsweise spricht nicht nur die visuelle Assoziation – der Körper in allen Bildern stellt gleichsam stillgestellte Fragmente einer Bewegung dar, wie man dies bei den Photoherausgaben von Pantomimen oder beim Drehen eines Stummfilmes (sie haben ja die gleichen Elemente Bild und Bewegung) beobachten kann. Den Anstoß für eine solche Behauptung gibt die Kunstgattung der Pantomime selbst. Sie ist ja „die große schweigende Kunst“, „das Spiel des bewusst bewegten Körpers“, „die Kunst der Form“, und das „Material, aus dem diese Form geschaffen wird, ist der menschliche Körper“. Schieles Selbstbildnisse entsprechen ihren Grundforderungen: dem begrenzten Raum, der Beleuchtung, dem eng am Körper anliegenden Kostüm, der sehr persönlichen Monologform. Auch ihre Verwandtschaft zur Skulptur und Malerei, die J. W. Goethe, K. von Levetzow, J. Dorcy behaupten, ergänzt diese Interpretation.
Dabarties rekonstrukcija Marguerite’os Yourcenar romane Hadriano memuarai
Authors: Bikulčius Vytautas
Published: January 2019

Dans cet article on analyse la reconstruction du présent dans le roman de Marguerite YourcenarMémoires d’Hadrien. La définition de cette oeuvre comme une biographie imaginaire est la plus courante. Entre le II siècle et XX siècle il existe une distance énorme, néanmoins M. Yourcenar a su trouver ce qui lie ces deux époques. Quoiqu’elle s’intéresse à l’empereur Hadrien et à son ambiance, de façon paradoxale elle reconstruit le présent où elle vit, c’est–à–dire, les années qui suivent la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Hadrien présente pour M. Yourcenar l’idéal d’un homme politique. Ses anticipations reflètent les réalités de l’après-guerre. Ainsi l’empereur entrevoit la possibilité des Nations Unies, de l’OTAN, le rôle du pape dans la politique mondiale, les idées de la globalisation. Hadrien n’est pas lié avec un homme de politique concret. Cette reconstruction du présent dans Mémoires d’Hadrien est assez importante, car elle modifie le genre de cette oeuvre d’une „autobiographie imaginaire“ en „autobiographie imaginaire intellectuelle“.
Pierre’o Bourdieu literatūros sociologija
Authors: Jakonytė Loreta
Published: January 2019

The paper deals with the sociology of literature of Pierre Bourdieu, one of the most influential figures in contemporary sociology of art. Initially, Bourdieu intended to overcome dichotomy of formalistic and contextual approaches, to transcend both the subjectivism and objectivism and to situate culture within broader social context and power relations. The sociologist suggested a systematic approach to literary practise and elaborated a theory of fields, the key terms of which are field, habitus, economic, social, cultural and symbolic capital, struggles, stake, structural homology, positions, dispositions, domination, strategy etc. The specificity of the literary field is defined mostly by the concepts of relative autonomy and “reversed” economy. Bourdieu examines the social positions of individuals and institutions involved in making cultural products (writers, publishers, critics, readers etc.), the social conditions, circulation and consumption of literary works. In this conceptual framework, literary text gains a specific status as the independent object of analysis (even such literary features as genre, narrative devices, types of characters etc. have special social meaning and function), what distinguishes Bourdieu from many his predecessors. His practical researches bring together various methods and combine empirical analysis with a strong theoretical frame. Numerous contemporary projects of sociology of culture are based on Bourdieu’s ideas. Some issues, however, have been brought for discussion, especially the universality of the notions and the concept of autonomy. Bourdieu constructed a powerful, highly theoretically structured model for interpretation of literature. It integrates every element of culture and provides tools for revealing their complex dialectical relations. Bourdieu’s sociology of literature might be a beneficial mode of analysis for Lithuanian literary scholars.
Motiejaus Kazimiero Sarbievijaus Lechiada: imitacijos šaltiniai ir epinė tradicija
Authors: Ulčinaitė Eugenija
Published: January 2019

Three sources of imitation can be distinctly traced in Sarbievijus’ poem Lechias. One of the sources can be ascribed to the tradition of the epic poetry, especially, to the author’s adherence to Vergil’s Aeneid. The second source of imitation can be noted in the influence produced by the poetry of the Renaissance, when the loci communes, qualifying the antique poetry, used to be replenished by the attributes typifying the new times. The third and final influence was produced by the poetics and aesthetics of the Baroque, when the forms of verbal expression, filled with unexpected transformations, paradoxes and antitheses, held sway.Though Sarbievijus entered the history of literature first of all as a creator of the lyric poetry in Latin, his Lechias, though, testifies to the fact that he had also mastered the rules of the epic art, and that he had cherished the ambitions to create a heroic epic poem based on the history of Poland.The extant fragment of Sarbievijus’ poem Lechias sheds light on the development of the tradition of the antique epic poetry in Europe as well as on the influences and changes that tradition had undergone. Those influences and changes, on the other hand, had affected the movement of the poetic expression of the genres of the literature of the Baroque in Europe as well.
’El Šaddaj kaip savimąstą paneigiantis ir gyvenimą transformuojantis principas. Kintančio Dievo idėja Thomo Manno tetralogijoje Juozapas ir jo broliai
Authors: Nagliuvienė Juldita
Published: January 2019

Auf dem Hintergrund dieses Vortrags steht die theologische Kritik, die von Anfang an sich mit dem biblischen Werk von Thomas Mann beschäftigte und den modernen Roman als den Gegenstand der theologischen Untersuchung völlig negierte. Die Möglichkeit der theologischen Auslegung in einem Beispiel der polyphonischen schöngeistigen Literatur wird nicht nur mit der analogia entis Konzeption bestätigt, sondern auch in der Realisation des “Fremden Gottes”, der als das Schlüsselwort El Schaddajim Roman auftrit und der in einer apriorischen Beziehung mit dem Menschen die Ebene des ganz Anderen konstituiert. Eben dadurch gewinnt das biblische Werk des deutschen Modernisten eine theologische Prägung, die durch die Gnadenwahl-Theorie (Die Verneinung einer Verneinung) Karl Barths, durch die Idee der Offenbarung als einer Wandlung Gottes von Franz Rosenzweig und durch die Konzeption des Heiligen von Rudorf Otto analysieren werden kann.
Multikultūralizmo problema Kanados literatūroje
Authors: Šlapkauskaitė Rūta
Published: January 2019

The present article addresses the problem of multiculturalism in Canadian literature. While focusing on the major concerns of Canadian critical discourse on multiculturalism and ethnic minority writing, this theorising of Canadian multicultural literature highlights three areas of research – the definition of the notion, studies of postcolonialism and postmodernism and the simulative character of literary politics – that have been instrumental in conceptualising our understanding of Canadian multiculturalism and its reflections in literary texts. Alongside the theoretical observations about the problematic nature of the dominant forms of literary criticism on Canadian multiculturalism, the article offers a hypothesis of the multicultural aesthetic as a system of recurrent tropes that construct our reception of multicultural writing. Eventually, to illustrate the ambivalences of the multicultural aesthetic in Canadian literature, the article provides a brief reading of Anita Rau Badami’s novel Tamarind Mem as an example of the simulated multicultural exotic.
Polilingvizmas kaip „grįžimas namõ“: tarp Babilono katastrofos ir Jeruzalės Sekminių stebuklo. Vlado Braziūno poezijos at(si)vėrimai
Authors: Valentas Skirmantas
Published: January 2019

In diesem Beitrag wird ein Versuch unternommen, die Widerspiegelung von zwei philologisch wichtigen Episoden der Heiligen Schrift in der modernen Poesie zu vermitteln. Es geht um die Erzählung von der babylonischen Sprachenverwirrung im Buch der Anfänge und um das in den Apostelgeschichten erwähnte Pfingstwunder, die beide unter einen Begriff Polylinguismus fallen.Der Polylinguismus in der Poesie ist als eine syntagmatische Mehrsprachigkeit, anders gesagt, als eine implizite Benennung desgleichen Denotats in einigen Sprachen, zu betrachten.Der verallgemeinernde Begriff „Rückkehr nach Hause“ lässt zwei Begriffe in Verbindung setzen: die sich nach der babylonischen Katastrophe etablierte Mehrsprachigkeit und das Pfingstwunder als eine Möglichkeit die verwirrten Sprachen wieder zu einem Harmonischen zusammenzufügen.Da die Poesie als ein Grammatik modellierender Text vorliegt, ist eine Idee hervorzuheben, dass neben einer üblichen Sprache in der Poesie eine andere Sprache mit völlig anderen Regeln aufgedeckt werden muss.Als eines der Grundmerkmale der üblichen Sprache ist ein in ihr enthaltenes Oppositionsystem zu betrachten. Als Grundmerkmal einer anderen Sprache gilt dagegen das Schwinden der grundlegenden Oppositionen, das einen endlosen und periodischen Text schafft.Der Polylinguismus der Poesie wird in den linguistischen Geschichten am deutlichsten sichtbar. Der Polylinguismus in der Poesie, der dem Simultandolmetschen nahsteht, führt uns auf das Pfingstwunder zurück.
Украинский Гоголь
Authors: Видугирите Инга
Published: January 2019

Straipsnyje analizuojamas Nikolajaus Gogolio asmenybės ir kūrybos ukrainietiškasis aspektas, kuris išryškina jo, kaip dviejų kultūrų paribio žmogaus, savitumą. Analizei pasirinkta memuarinė medžiaga, publikuota leidinyje Gogolis amžininkų prisiminimuose (1952). Medžiagos sisteminimui taikomos Edwardo W. Saido veikale Orientalizmas nubrėžtos „kito“ reprezentacijos analizės perspektyvos, visų pirma — idėjos apie reprezentacijos teatrališkumą bei orientalizmo diskursyvumą. XIX a. rusų kultūra sukūrė Ukrainos diskursą, kuris nulėmė Gogolio asmenybės „perskaitymą“, tapatinant ją su egzistuojančiais stereotipais. Suprantama, kad Gogolis ir pats aktyviai dalyvavo šio diskurso kūrime savo „ukrainietiškomis“ apysakomis bei straipsniais apie Ukrainos istoriją ir tautosaką. Amžininkų prisiminimų analizė leidžia teigti, kad prie šio diskurso kūrimo prisidėjo ir paties rašytojo asmenybė, kurios savitumas išplėtė bei suproblemino ukrainiečio įvaizdį rusų kultūroje.
Анализ потерь при переводе верлибра на русский язык (по материалам Литературно-переводческой школы-студии)
Authors: Балясный Борис
Published: January 2019

Straipsnyje Tartu Literatūros vertimo mokyklos-studijos duomenimis analizuojamas eiliavimo būdas verlibras, kurį dėl neaiškaus metro ir tariamo paprastumo beveik visuomei būna sudėtinga išversti į rusų kalbą. Kaip taisyklė, verlibras nemetriškas, neturi rimų ir dažnai net nesilaikant aliteracijos principo. Straipsnyje pademonstruoti įvairūs verlibro vertimo būdai, pateikiami atlikti Literatūros vertimo mokyklos-studijos studentų vertimo iš rusų į estų kalbą pavyzdžiai. ir atliktų vertimų praradimų analizė. Autoriaus siekis buvo atskleisti verlibro, labai sunkiai „priskiepijamo“ rusų eilėdarai, vertimų būdų sistemiškumą.
Cicerono santykis su graikais ir jų kultūra
Authors: Kučinskienė Audronė
Published: January 2019

In this article certain aspects of the following problems are discussed: Cicero’s controversial attitude to the Greeks; the traits of the Greek national character as portrayed in Cicero’s works, as well as Cicero’s ambivalent appreciation of the Greek art and literature.The principle of odi et amo clearly shows itself in Cicero’s attitude to the Greeks, both his contemporaries and the ancients, their art and literature. Cicero felt he owed an enormous debt to his Greek education, considering himself as an inheritor of their culture, and yet he denounced it at every opportunity and tried to emphasise the superiority of the Roman ancestors against the Greeks. He greatly appreciated Greek literature and yet he wished he could manage without it, because the Greek literary standards made him aware of what Roman literature should be.The main national traits ascribed to the Greeks in Cicero’s speeches ant letters are the lack of trustworthiness (fides), unreliability (levitas), and vanity (vanitas) as opposed to the Roman dignity (dignitas) and gravity (gravitas).We argue that in evaluating Cicero’s attitude to the Greeks it is especially important to take into account the genre of those Cicero’s works from which we derive our knowledge about his views. His speeches as well as his treatises are intended for the public audience, so the author tries to portray himself in accordance with the public expectations, while his private correspondence, especially the letters to Atticus, reveals his personal views, not restricted by the public opinion. As we have shown in this article, in his speeches Cicero tries to conceal his expertise in the Greek art and literature, as this would not fit his Roman dignity. On the other hand, in his private life, as it appears from his letters to Atticus, he eagerly seeks pieces of Greek art to decorate his villas.This seeming inconsistency of Cicero’s views, however, can be partly explained as follows. It is to be borne in mind that Cicero’s criterion for the selection of the Greek statues is neither their artistic value nor the renown of the sculptor, but their suitability for the particular place they are intended to decorate. This principle of suitability for the purpose (decorum, aptum, pV#pon) is also claimed by Cicero to be one of the fundamentals of the art of rhetoric (Cic. Or. 70; De orat. III. 210). In another words, the selection and the functional application of the Greek pieces of art in his villas have the purpose to reveal the same Roman dignity, which Cicero declares in his speeches.
Petrarca ir Ariosto: nuo Lauros iki Andželikos arba metaforos nuvainikavimas
Authors: Būrė Dainius
Published: January 2019

L’obiettivo è di prendere in esame uno dei motivi centrali del Canzoniere, quello dell’erranza, per mettere in evidenza le trasformazioni che subisce nell’ Orlando Furioso di Ludovico Ariosto. Per Petrarca si tratta di un tema legato alla memoria, all’ansia con cui percepisce lo scorrere del tempo: il motivo, dunque, si sviluppa sul piano temporale come metafora della vita intera del poeta, della sua condizione esistenziale.Nell’Orlando Furioso, invece, l’erranza, pur conservando valenze simboliche, si trova risemantizzata e collocata in una dimensione prevalentemente spaziale: infatti, gli eroi, mossi dai propri desideri, illusioni o speranze, vagano attraverso gli spazi del mondo rappresentato. Infine, il motivo tematico dell’erranzadiventa anche principio fondatore delle particolarità strutturali del poema stesso, della “spazialità” delle sue strutture narrative.La diversità dell’Ariosto dal Petrarca è spiegabile, certo, con la differenza tra il genere lirico e quello narrativo, con il passaggio dallo stile tragico del Canzoniere al “tono medio” dell’Orlando Furioso. Tuttavia, è altrettanto importante anche l’aspetto storico- culturale, la diversità del sentire dei due poeti: l’umanesimo dell’ Ariosto, infatti, non è più quello del Petrarca.
Petrarkos recepcija Lietuvoje
Authors: Ulčinaitė Eugenija
Published: January 2019

The article addresses the problem of the Lithuanian reception of the works of the major poet of the Italian Renaissance Francesco Petrarca (1304–1374). Lithuanian humanists of the 16th and the 17th centuries, such as Petrus Roysius, Andreas Volanus as well as the poet Mathias Casimirus Sarbievius, are known to have been in possession of the works of Petrarch. There seems to be no doubt that Lithuanian poets and intellectuals of the 19th and 20th centuries must have been familiar with Petrach’s works, at least with his famous Sonnets.Nevertheless the article states that a wider circle of Lithuanian readers is only vaguely familiar with Petrarch’s works as very few sonnets by Petrach and only several fragments of his Latin works have been translated into Lithuanian.
Tautinės tapatybės suvokimo raida misterijose
Authors: Martišiūtė Aušra
Published: January 2019

The article deals with the unique genre of Lithuanian dramaturgy – mystery plays, the performance of which under the open sky became a significant phenomenon in the cultural life of independent Lithuania. The article introduces the genesis of the genre of mystery plays and focuses on the problems of national identity in the works of the end of the 19th century as well as outstanding pieces of the genre of mystery plays, written in the 1st and 3rd decades of the 20th century (Vydunas Shadows of the Ancestors, 1900–1908; J. A. Herbaciauskas The Hymn of Lithuania’s Ruins, 1907; V. Kreve Along the Paths of Destiny, 1921–1929, V. Mykolaitis-Putinas Uncrowned Virgin of the Fire, 1927). The content of national identity in mystery plays is made up by giving a changing prominence to the aspects of the Lithuanian language, Lithuanian history, and national culture. The search for national identity at the junction of the centuries raises the problem of historical memory, as well as the significance of cultural memory and aesthetical and philosophical reflection is actualized in the 3rd decade.
Religinė ir tautinė tapatybė Antano Baranausko poetinėje autorefleksijoje
Authors: Čiočytė Dalia
Published: January 2019

The article seeks to investigate Antanas Baranauskas’s self-conception from the theoretical perspective of phenomenology and theology of literature. The focus of attention are the poet’s early poems, as they demonstrate intensity of the poetical self-consciousness. Baranauskas interprets both religious and patriotic sense of the poetical writing. He contemplates the transcendental meaning of poetry, creates the link between romantic / Biblical prophet and himself as a poet, between the Christian concept of neighbour and national feelings. Baranauskas’s literary thought is ingenious and attentive to semantic undertones.
Dėmesys sakytinei tradicijai kaip kūrybiškas tapatinimasis. Antano Juškos ir Jono Basanavičiaus etnografinės veiklos motyvų apmąstymas
Authors: Jonutytė Jurga
Published: January 2019

The article focuses on how the attention to an oral tradition is related to the formation of the national identity. Many educated men in the 19th century Lithuania started to collect various elements of oral tradition. In spite of similar cultural situation all over Europe, the situation in Lithuania was quite unusual because of two reasons. Firstly, this meant to focus one’s attention to (or even to identify oneself with) the lowest class of society. The second reason was that the oral tradition was fully alive and rich in that time, it wasn’t transformed to stable symbols, and the value of it wasn’t clear. The focus to this kind of ordinary life details was socially and aesthetically new. The main characters of the article are two important historic actors of the end of XIX century and the beginning of XX century – Antanas Juška and Jonas Basanavičius. They (among the others) where creating new patterns for identification with social level, with professional group, with Lithuanian language speakers and, finally, with nation. The article makes presupposition that the passive identity is of the same relevance in these processes as an active identity (the division between passive and active identities is made according G. Devereux). Basanavičius and Juška had the interest in all details of all branches of the daily life. Their interest was essentially different from the scientific interest in Lithuanian language showed usually by German linguists since the XVIII century. The article makes a hypothesis that the passive identity, which did not receive scholarly attention, can be thematized and fixed in the conscious acts of noticing of oral tradition, and in the acts of recording and declaring it. For the oral tradition, it is transmitting of way how to make, or how to behave, or how to relate to something, rather than transmitting of concrete data to remember that in the verbal form. This is why the focus on the oral tradition could be called an attention to the passive identity as to the specific national way of creating senses of everyday life.
Gabrielė Petkevičaitė-Bitė: neįgalaus kūno asmens savivokos formavimosi įtampa
Authors: Birgerytė Aistė
Published: January 2019

The paper presents an interpretation of the autobiographic writings of Gabrielė Petkevičaitė-Bitė, a prominent Lithuanian female writer and a cultural character of the late 1890s and early 1900s. The paper analyses why the disabled female writer had never put any stress on her illness in public (in her childhood she had a twisted spine and stayed a “hunchback” for the rest of her life, had a week nervous system, later had a softened knee-joint and barely could walk, and at the end of her life, she hardly could see and hear). Rather opposite, she identified herself with straight positive views – aspiring “to work for the welfare of the public”, “to disregard private interests” – and even ignored her private experience altogether.On the foundation of the contemporary cultural theories of disability (Simi Linton, Rosemarie Garland Thomson, Lennard J. Davis), the paper aims to reveal the formation of Bitė’s dual rhetorics which uncovers the history of the writer’s identity and the dramatism of her eternal existence “between”. From the point of view of the disability studies, the paper looks into the life of the writer’s parents’ family, which largely shaped Bitė’s consciousness and predetermined her choices. The paper investigates the link between the Bitė’s family philanthropic ideology and personal circumstances (in addition to Gabrielė, there were four other sick children, in Petkevičiai family); the writer’s parents’ attitude towards their daughter’s disability (lameness was not interpreted negatively, it was generally ignored); the father’s arguments not to allow the disabled daughter to pursue higher education. The paper also discusses the issue of the positive outlook on different nations, languages, cultures and gender and reserved opinions about disability that existed in Petkevičiai family.The paper concludes that the background of the writer’s parents’ family, discussed from the point of view of the cultural disability studies, essentially shaped Bitė’s consciousness, her self-identity, personal choices and the public expression of her views.
„Tušti titulai“ ir tikrieji vardai: LDK protestantų į(si)vardijimai senojoje raštijoje
Authors: Pociūtė Dainora
Published: January 2019

The article discusses the confessional identity of the protestants of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and its definition in the official documents and popular religious literature of the 16–17th century. The article questions the permanent aim of historians to necessarily relate the processes of early evangelism in GDL to a specific doctrine of Lutheranism, Cvinglism, Calvinism. The article mentions that from the beginning of the Reformation all names used for evangelicals were derived from the official environment of the Roman church and were of the eponymic (related to the name) origin, and were quite offensive. The term Lutheran was a most favoured definition of all Reformation period heresies in the early Roman catholic use, therefore a historian cannot rely on the assumption that such a name defines the confessional identity of those times.The article discusses the definition of the confessional identity of Lithuanian protestants. It is noticed that in the early documents of GDL during the reformation period (1543–1566) the GDL protestants avoided any links of their organisations to the confessions of Augsburg or Switzerland and referred to themselves and their churches as the Christian denominations by juxtaposing them to the confession of the Roman Catholics. However, after the death of knight M. Radvilas the Black in 1566 Mikalojus Pacas published Confession of faith and its annexes related the doctrine confessed by GDL protestants with the religion of Helvets and applied the definition of Saxon and Augsburg religion to Lutheran confession. From 80’s of the 16 century the term Evangelical became to be used together with Christian in the popular works of protestants, whereas at the end of the century the official GDL documents associate their church with the Reformed Church.Nevertheless, despite the facts that eponyms used by Catholics were offensive, in the long run many of them became used among the protestants themselves. At the beginning they were applied only to describe the representatives of other confessions, however from the 17th century they started calling themselves Calvinists or the representatives of the Calvinist confession. This process is clearly witnessed by the testaments of GDL reformers and some other official documents, but not the mass church written works, which used Christian and Evangelic terms. Only in the use of 18th century the compound of two words became used, which is still popular today – Reformed evangelicals. In such a way the eponymic origin of the term was dropped out to describe confessional identity and reflected the authentic nature of the GDL Reformed church.
Tarpkonfesinė sąveika ir tikybinio identiteto paieškos Lietuvos Didžiojoje Kunigaikštystėje XVI a. pab. – XVII a. I pusėje: akcentai Rapolo Korsako „Juozapo Benjamino Rutskio gyvenime“ (1640)
Authors: Čiurinskas Mintautas
Published: January 2019

This article focuses on the biography of the metropolitan of the Ruthenian Uniats Joseph Velamin Rutski, written in Latin by his successor Raphael Korsak. This interesting biographical work remained unfinished and unpublished till 20th century. Not only detailed analysis of this work is presented in the article, the biography is also taken as the source and the basis for some broader conclusions in the field of formation of the religious identity in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, mainly in the first part of the 17th century. Such approach is allowed by several circumstances related with this work – close personal relation between the described person and the author, the similarity of their biographies. The high education and ecclesiastical position of the author allowed to make many important remarks about the described times. The accuracy representing details and attention to the life of the spirit of the described person (which were elements taken from the tradition of Jesuit biography) preserved very much authentic material from the early history of the Uniat Church and vividly reveal difficulties in the life of the citizen of GDL in the way toward Uniat Church and Eastern-Rite Catholicism as one’s own religious identity. On the basis of this work and also of some other biographical and historical writings related with Uniat Church we can distinguish some events as common sites of memory, which became significant signs for this identity (an attempt on the life of the metropolitan of uniats in Vilnius, the martyrdom of archbishop of Pollock Jozafat Kuncewicz and the conversion of Meletius Smotrycki, which took place afterwards).
„Discors concordia“ XVII a. jėzuitų kūryboje: teorinės prielaidos ir raiška
Authors: Daukšienė Ona
Published: January 2019

The paper deals with the theory of epigrammatic style as determined by M.C. Sarbievius (Sarbiewski, 1595–1640) in terms of concors discordia seu discors concordia in his treatise De acuto et arguto, sive Seneca et Martialis. These terms are analysed in the article not as a mere concept of acute style but as a verbal definition of the universal world understanding typical to baroque age as well. The focus is on the use of definitions concors discordia, discors concordia by the classical authors (Ovide, Horace, Manilius) in the context related with the world creation and structure; the theological dimension of these terms seems to be traceable in the poetry of early Christian poet Paulin of Nola and medieval authors. The analysis of different 17th century Jesuit Latin texts, especially of those dealing with the subject-matter related with the Church Union and the problems caused by this historical phenomenon reveals theconcors discordia seu discors concordia formula as fitting to Jesuitical discourse expressing the complexities of the multiform culture of Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
Religinė ir pilietinė tapatybė LDK Apšvietos pamoksluose
Authors: Mačiulytė Kristina
Published: January 2019

The second half of the 18th century in the Republic of the Two Nations witnessed an active shaping of identity of a person that was determined to a large extent by the European cultural, social trends and dramatic political situation of the State.An important factor shaping the identity of the Enlightenment person was the system of education, aimed to nurture Christian and civic values, awareness of contemporary problems and thorough preparation of a person to fulfil the commitments of his class. As the secular trends in Europe were increasingly growing, the Enlightenment in the Republic of the Two Nations manifested itself as an epoch strengthening the traditional Christian values. Without questioning the fundamental truths of the revealed religion, the efforts were made to rationalize certain church practices and to encourage more conscious confession of faith.Sermons of the second half of the 18th century actively considered the issue of status and rights of the lower classes (in the first place – of the villeinage peasants) and the reasoning for recognising them as “citizens” (namely the economic reasoning, relating to the importance of the labour and patriotic reasoning during the T. Kościuszko revolt).After the third division of the Republic, the issue of civic identity was complicated for all classes, irrespective of their position in the society. This tension was particularly emphasized in the addresses made for this occasion.
Тип подьячего в истории русской литературы ХVIII века (I)
Authors: Куликова Ирина
Published: January 2019

Valdininkėlis raštininkas (podjakis) – vienas iš pagrindinių XVIII a. rusų literatūros satyrinių personažų. Pirmoje straipsnio dalyje analizuojami du svarbiausi jo tipologiniai bruožai – kyšininkavimas ir kanceliarinis vilkinimas. Šis satyrinis tipas nustatomas A. Sumarokovo, F. Emino, A. Ablesimovo, M. Popovo, M. Veriovkino, M. Matinskio, N. Strachovo, N. Novikovo bei kitų autorių įvairių žanrų kūriniuose.
Особенности “женского письма”: публицистика Киры Сапгир
Authors: Чичинскайте Регина
Published: January 2019

Publicistikos tekstuose bandoma aptikti vietų, kuriose esama moteriškojo rašymo. Nagrinėjamas moters biologinės lyties ir socialinės bei kultūrinės lyties projekcijos santykis žydų kilmės rusų rašytojos, gyvenančios Paryžiuje, publicistikos straipsnių rinktinėje „Jaučiai ir sraigės“. Prieinama prie išvados, jog socialinę ir kultūrinę moters lyties projekciją mass media diskurse lemia pirmiausia atgalinis ryšys. Tai reiškia, kad, atsižvelgiant į paklausą, konstruojama stereotipinė moters lyties projekcija. Nesvarbu, kas, vyras ar moteris, yra straipsnio autorius, jo ar jos rašymas yra moteriškas, todėl sunku pačiame teksto audinyje aptikti moters/vyro priešpriešos ženklų. Kalbiniai pragmatiniai ženklai rodo jį esant moterišką. Daroma atsargi prielaida, jog mass media tekstą ir moters rašymą sieja tapatybės santykis. Vieta, kurioje socialinė kultūrinė lyties projekcija palieka akivaizdžius pėdsakus, yra dialogas, K. Sapgir knygoje tai – interviu žanras. Pats knygos pavadinimas ir tekstų komunikacinė sandara sufleruoja, jog lyčių projekcijos kūrimo ypatumai gali būti aprašyti pasitelkiant opozicijas, išskaitomas diskurse iš pragmatinių lyčių ženklų funkcijų.