bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quaternary geology in Sweden in the 1980s
Authors: LUNDQVIST JAN
Published: July 2010

The author gives a brief review of the most important research on Quaternary geology in Sweden during the last few years and the main lines of development of ideas. Emphasis is put on the present ‘state of the art’ within the following fields: Mapping, international projects, Quaternary deposits, dating methods, Pleistocene stratigraphy, glaciation models, deglaciation, sea‐level changes, and Holocene.
Thickness of Quaternary deposits and their relation to the pre‐Quaternary in the Fennoscandian border zone in Kattegat and Vendsyssel
Authors: LYKKE‐ANDERSEN HOLGER
Published: July 2010

Refraction seismic measurements from Kattegat have been analysed for information about Quaternary deposits. Preliminary results show a gradual increase in thickness of the Quaternary deposits from about 50m in the SW to 150–250m in the NE, close to the Swedish coast. A number of narrow zones with extraordinarily great thickness are superimposed on this surface. Comparisons with structural features in the pre‐Quaternary, as known from reflection seismic investigations, strongly indicate that the ‘Kattegat Basin’ is a structural phenomenon generated by subsidence under tensional stress perpendicular to the Fennoscandian border zone. Stratigraphical analysis which is available from wells on the islands in Kattegat and in Vendsyssel shows that subsidence of the ‘Kattegat Basin’ was initiated in Holstein or earlier.
Quaternary magnetostratigraphy in Denmark
Authors: ABRAHAMSEN NIELS , READMAN PETER W.
Published: July 2010

Magnetostratigraphical results from various historical, Holocene, Lateglacial and Glacial deposits from Central Jutland, Vendsyssel, the Baltic Sea and Schleswig‐Holstein are illustrated and discussed. Although only a few archaeomagnetic case studies have yet been made in Denmark, magnetic datings with accuracies of about ±50 years have been obtained on mediaeval kilns by comparing with a dipole transformed modification of the British archaeomagnetic master curve. Furthermore, a study of the expected east–west orientation of some 330 Romanesque churches in Denmark seem to indicate that about 25% of these churches were magnetically orientated; thus some kind of a magnetic compass may have been in common use in the twelfth century in Denmark. Radiocarbon‐dated Holocene lake sediments from lake Skanderborg reveal a distinct pattern of magnetic secular variation with fairly short time constants, which may be useful in magnetostratigraphical correlations of other lake sediments. Also Lateglacial and Early Postglacial sediments from the southern Baltic Sea show systematical magnetic patterns, whereas glacial boulder clay at the bottom shows disturbed directions, obviously moulded by the moving ice. Lateglacial Younger Yoldia clay from North Jutland shows well‐developed short periodic swings as well as an extreme declination variation of some 80° to 90°, the so‐called ‘Nørre Lyngby declination excursion’ around 14,000 B.P. A sequence of Older Yoldia clay at the same site furthermore shows significantly low inclination values, the so‐called ‘Rubjerg low inclination excursion’ of an age between 23,000 B.P. and 40,000 B.P. Finally, a well‐clustering palaeomagnetic direction from a Weichselian glacial boulder clay from Timmerhorn north of Hamburg is discussed from a hierarchical, statistical point of view.
The AC‐geoelectrical sounding method: a combined electric/electromagnetic prospecting tool
Authors: CHRISTENSEN NIELS BØIE
Published: July 2010

Since 1979 the Laboratory of Geophysics, University of Aarhus, has been developing a new prospecting tool for obtaining information on the topmost 100 m of the earth. The method is an extension of the conventional geoelectric sounding method, but instead of direct current (DC) the AC‐geoelectrical sounding method uses alternating current (AC) with frequencies in the range 100 Hz to 20,000 Hz. The use of alternating current adds an inductive contribution to the ordinary galvanic electric field, thus producing two different sorts of information about the underlying earth structure. These two sets of information are, in many cases, of complementary nature, which enables determination of the ground parameters much more accurately than would otherwise be possible from ordinary DC‐geoelectrical soundings. Among these cases is the high resistivity equivalence which appears so frequently in Danish Quaternary deposits.
Pesticide behaviour in Quaternary sediments
Authors: MATTHESS GEORG , ISENBECK MARGOT
Published: July 2010

Pesticides are very often spread in agricultural and forest areas covering important groundwater bodies in Quaternary sand and gravel deposits. They are mostly synthetic organic chemicals used for plant protection against predators and competing herbs. According to their radius of action they can be separated into herbicides, insecticides, nematicides, acaricides, molluscicides, rodenticides, fungicides, and bactericides. With respect to the risks of groundwater contamination by pesticides, only the first three groups are of interest. For a risks assessment of groundwater contamination, detailed knowledge of the geochemical behaviour of the pesticides and of the physico‐chemical processes controlling their persistence and transport in the sediments is necessary. These processes can be summarized as dissolution/precipitation, adsorption/ desorption, degradation and transport processes in the soil in the unsaturated and saturated zones. Furthermore, the type of plant production being established in the area has to be considered. In the case of crop rotation the applied pesticides are changed every year and the risk of groundwater contamination is normally low because of retardation and degradation. In soils used for special‐purpose crops, an accumulation of pesticide residues is possible, because the same substances are applied every year. Especially on sandy soils the leaching of residues can lead to severe groundwater contamination.
Regional variation in the composition of Neoglacial end moraines, Jotunheimen, Norway: an altitudinal gradient in clast roundness and its possible palaeoclimatic significance
Authors: MATTHEWS JOHN A.
Published: July 2010

Matthews, John A. 1987 06 01: Regional variation in the composition of Neoglacial end moraines. Jotunheimen, Norway: an altitudinal gradient in clast roundness and its possible palaeoclimatic significance Boreas, Vol. 16, pp. 173–188. Oslo. ISSN 0300–9483.

Quantitative indices of clast roundness from Neoglacial end moraines in front of 81 Jotunheimen glaciers were compared and analysed. Statistical techniques, including non‐metric multidimensional scaling, multiple regression and partial correlation, were used to relate clast roundness to selected environmental variables. Three independent variables – site altitude, glacier length (interchangeable with height of headwall relative to glacier length) and aspect – cumulatively accounted for about 58% of the variability in clast roundness. A climatic factor complex (represented by altitude and aspect) was found more important than morphological factors (such as glacier size and headwall size) in accounting for clast roundness variations between glaciers. The scale of the independent effects of altitude, morphology, aspect and geology was found in the approximate proportions 4:1.5:1:1. Several theoretical mechanisms are proposed which could explain a causal relationship between climate and clast roundness by influencing the relative importance of supraglacial and subglacial debris supply. The palaeoclimatic implications of the results are discussed with particular reference to the prediction of mean annual temperatures from clast roundness; one unit increase in clast roundness corresponding to an increase in mean annual temperature of about 1.4°C within the study area.
Utilizing glacial geology in uranium exploration; Dismal Lakes, Northwest Territories, Canada
Authors: STEELE KENNETH G.
Published: July 2010

A field of uraniferous boulders was discovered in a drift‐covered valley west of Dismal Lakes. Glacial geological information was combined with boulder location and trace element till geochemical data to model the dispersal of the boulders; and to predict their likely bedrock source. Uraniferous bedrock was eroded by the last, westward flowing glacial ice to cover the area. The debris was englacially transported and subsequently deposited during subglacial melt‐out of ice block(s) stagnating below active ice. The distribution of the boulders forms acrude, westward‐opening fan centred on the easternmost boulder and oriented with the last ice‐flow direction. The largest uranium values from surface till samples (‐2 μm fraction) occur 6.2 km east of the main boulder concentration or 1.5 km east of the first boulder occurrence. The likely bedrock source is 6.0 to 6.6 km east of the main boulder concentration.
The Big Ice
Authors: SALONEN VELI‐PEKKA
Published: July 2010

Book reviewed in this article:

Fulton, Robert J. & Andrews, John T. (eds.) 1987: La calotte glaciaire laurentidienne‐The Laurentide Ice Sheet. Géographie Physique et Quaternaire
Late Weichselian geology of southernmost Sweden
Authors: RINGBERG BERTIL
Published: July 2010

The area of study is strategically placed 250–500 km inside the border of the Weichselian glaciation. The low relief of the area, the surrounding of a shallow sea and the varying bedrock have all influenced the physical nature of the ice. Different methods, including analyses of reworked microfossils, have been used to produce a new informal lithostratigraphy for the area. The glacial striae have been studied and grouped according to orientation and relative age. Correlation is drawn between the ice‐flow pattern determined by the lithostratigraphy and the pattern determined by the glacial striae. The correlation shows the general ice flow during the different glacial events in he Late Weichselian. It is possible to broadly correlate these events with the events in Denmark. The record of glacial advances between 21,000 and 13,000 B.P. starts and ends with an ice stream following the topographyy of the Baltic. The ice streams show low profile and longitudinal axial, lobatic flow. The flow pattern during the Main Weichselian advance indicates a radially flowing dome over the mainland. There is no geologic evidence of separate ice domes in the southern Baltic during the Late Weichselian.
Insect remains from an Alleröd peat at Lake Bysjön, South Sweden
Authors: LEMDAHL GEOFFREY
Published: July 2010

An insect fauna in a peat layer from Lake Bysjön, South Sweden, 14C‐dated to 11,200 ± 100 B. P. is described. The recorded insects indicate that the peat is of terrestrial origin and that it was formed in a subarctic environment.
The Nordkalott Project: studies of Quaternary geology in northern Fennoscandia
Authors: HIRVAS HEIKKI , LAGERBÄCK ROBERT , MÄKINEN KALEVI , NENONEN KEIJO , OLSEN LARS , RODHE LARS , THORESEN MORTEN
Published: July 2010

The Quaternary geology of the Nordkalott area in northern Fennoscandia is depicted in five maps. The themes of the maps are: Quaternary deposits, glacial geomorphology and paleohydrography, ice‐flow indicators, Quaternary stratigraphy and ice‐flow directions. The maps are briefly presented and an outline of the glacial history of the Nordkalott area is given.
Age of landslides along the Grande Rivière de la Baleine estuary, eastern coast of Hudson Bay, Québec (Canada)
Authors: BÉGIN CHRISTIAN , FILION LOUISE
Published: July 2010

A 12km long terrace along the estuary of the Grande Rivière de la Baleine, northern Québec (55d̀17'N, 77d̀47'W), has been locally modified by seven large landslides during the last 3,20014 C years. The oldest undated landslide occurred between 3,200 B.P(formation of the upper terrace) and 2,200B.P., i.e. the radio carbon age of the second oldest landslide. The third one occurred around 900B.P. sometime before peat started to accumulate on the flowbowl floor. The more recent landslides were dendrochronologically dated. They were formed in less than 30 years, i.e. in 1818 (2 synchronous landslides), 1839 and 1846 A.D. These 19th‐century landslides were dated through a comparative analysis of growth curves derived from buried trees found in the flowing sediments or from tilted and cut trees, with the regional master chronologies and the northern Québec light‐ring chronology, using more specifically the 1816 and 1817 light‐ring years. The 1818 landslides occurred during the growing season (July), whereas the 1839 and 1846 landslides were formed during spring. The occurrence of numerous landslides during this short period seems to be related to sustained cool and humid climatic conditions that may have enhanced the subsoil water content.
Thermoluminescence dates of Weichselian sediments in western Norway
Authors: JUNGNER HöGNE , LANDVIK JON Y. , MANGERUD JAN
Published: July 2010

Thermoluminescence dating has been carried out on feldspar sand grains from the distal sandur of the Godøya Formation and correlated sediments at Sunnmøre, western Norway. The accumulated dose was determined by the regeneration method. The Godøya Formation, which was earlier assumed to be of Middle Weichselian age, was dated to 105–130 ka and is now assumed to postdate immediately the Eemian interglacial. Dates of sediments previously correlated to the Godøya Formation yielded ages in the ranges of 70–90 and 40–50 ka, thus indicating at least three Weichselian ice‐free periods predating the Ålesund interstadial in the area.
Malacological records from the Upper Pleistocene at Portelet (Jersey, Channel Islands): comparisons with western and central Europe
Authors: ROUSSEAU DENIS‐DIDIER , KEEN DAVID HENRY
Published: July 2010

New sampling of Mollusca from Portelet, Jersey, Channel Islands, has allowed characterization of local conditions during deposition of the pre‐Kesselt Weichselian loess. The Portelet fauna also allows a reassessment of the distribution of theColumellafauna in western Europe. Comparison of the Portelet fauna with those of eastern France and central Europe shows a decrease of the number of species present in this far‐western locality which appears to be either a result of the operation of a typical ‘peninsula’ effect comparable to that seen in other zoological groups or a consequence of their occurrence in a marginal part of the European loess belt.
Tropical palynology and palaeoecology
Authors: BERGLUND BJÖRN E.
Published: July 2010

Tropical palynology and palaeoecology, BJORN E. BERGLUND
The functional world of nature
Authors: TIKKANEN MATTI
Published: July 2010

The functional world of nature, MATTI TIKKANEN
Glacial dispersal of boulders in the James Bay Lowlands of Quebéc, Canada
Authors: BOUCHARD MICHEL A. , SALONEN VELI‐PEKKA
Published: July 2010

Paleozoic fossiliferous limestones from the Hudson Bay area were dispersed southeastward a total distance of 110 km in the Québec part of theJames Bay Lowlands during the surging Cochrane flow event of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. The dispersal by the surging ice appears comparable to non‐surging ice dispersal events elsewhere in terms of the dispersal index and the half distance of transportation; however, the total distance of transportation of the limestone clasts and their relatively high abundance far away from their source suggest that part of the transport of the debris during the surge was englacial, with the load later deposited as a surface mantle, or that the flow of the surging ice was limited to rapid basal sliding, with little or no internal shear within the ice mass. The glacial transport characteristics of earlier non‐surging flow events in the same area were determined using the Total Transport Distance (TTD) method of measurements. Based on an indirect measurement of the half distance of transportation, the Selbaie till is characterized by longer transport distance than the Matheson till, and the Nouveau‐Québec till has the shortest transport distance of all the tills of the area.
Lake Mullsjön ‐ a key site for understanding the final stage of the Baltic Ice Lake east of Mt. Billingen
Authors: BJörck SVANTE , DIGERFELDT GUNNAR
Published: July 2010

The deglaciation pattern at Mt. Billingen, within the Middle Swedish end moraine zone, and its relationship with dramatic water level changes in the Baltic Ice Lake is a classic topic of Swedish Quaternary Geology. Based on data west of Mt. Billingen, the authors (in two earlier papers) presented a stratigraphic model associated with this subject. This study is an attempt to test the model east of Mt. Billingen, i.e. inside the Baltic Ice Lake itself. Lake Mullsjon is situated 30 km southeast of the drainage area of the Baltic Ice Lake and within the final drainage zone. About 8 m of Late Weichselian sediments (mostly varved clay) were recovered from the lake and analysed from different stratigraphic viewpoints, including lithology, grainsize, varve chronology, and pollen. These analyses show that the site was deglaciated in the later part of the Allerød Chronozone. Shortly thereafter the first drainage of the Baltice Ice Lake took place but without isolating Lake Mullsjon. After a short period of disturbed sedimentation varved clay continued to form as the glacier receded for another 120 varve years until the onset of the Younger Dryas cooling, as registered both in the pollen and in the varve stratigraphies. After c. another 120 varve years our analyses suggest that the Baltic Ice Lake was dammed once again. About 230 varve years of further ice readvance followed west of Mt. Billingen, while the ice margin in the east was more or less stationary. Rapid melting set in, at first producing coarse varves, but soon the clay was thin‐varved and fine. This continued for 140 varve years until suddenly the lake became isolated. At this isolation thick beds of silty‐sandy deposits were deposited on the lake floor. The isolation is dated to 10,400–10,500 14C years B.P., which corresponds to the assumed age of the final drainage of the Baltic Ice Lake. It was also isolated at the same time as lakes (on the same isobase) situated 20 m lower, but west of Mt. Billingen, were raised above sea level. This strongly suggests that Lake Mullsjön was isolated as an effect of the drainage of the Baltic Ice Lake. Significant differences between the clay‐varve and the 14C chronologies are also presented.
Late Quaternary carbonate sedimentation and paleo‐oceanography in the eastern Norwegian Sea
Authors: RAMM MOGENS
Published: July 2010

Four gravity cores from the eastern Norwegian Sea are studied. Absolute accumulation rates are quantified and variations in carbonate sedimentation and their implications for the paleo‐oceanographic history of the Norwegian Sea are described. In the eastern Norwegian Sea, interglacial, ice‐free conditions were developed during oxygen‐isotope stages 1 and 5e. Open water conditions were probably the norm during the summer season, also during glacial stages. Slightly elevated summer temperatures in periods during isotope stages 2 and 7 are demonstrated by increased contents of subpolar planktic foraminifera. The deep waters of the eastern Norwegian Sea have been well oxygenated during most of the last 250,000 years. Organic‐rich sediments and intensive carbonate dissolution in some parts of isotope stages 4 and 6 indicate corrosive bottom waters. A permanent ice cover and low saline surface waters, as found in the Arctic Ocean today, may have been developed in these periods. Well‐preserved foraminiferal assemblages from stage 2 show more oxygenated bottom waters and more effective bottom water renewal in this period than during stage 3.
Glacier fluctuations and climatic change
Authors: HOLMLUND PER
Published: July 2010

Glacier fluctuations and climatic change, PER HOLMLUND
Interglacial remains of caribou (Rangifer tarandus) and lemming (Dicrostonyx torquatus(?)) from North Greenland
Authors: MELDGAARD MORTEN , BENNIKE OLE
Published: July 2010

A caribou antler from Kap København in Peary Land has been radiocarbon dated at > 40,000 B.P. A corresponding infinite date was obtained on allochthonous plant and animal remains, including five lemming droppings from Skalhøjene in Warming Land. These remains are indicative of high arctic conditions much like the present environment of the region. Because the caribou antler and the remains from Skalhojene point to biotic and climatic conditions no more severe than modern conditions, an interglacial age is suggested, and we propose that they belong to the Sangamonian Stage. The finds indicate that evolution of high arctic subspecies such as Rangifer tarandus pearyi and Dicrostonyx torquatus groenlandicus probably took place in pre‐Wisconsinan times. It is unlikely that caribou and lemming survived in North Greenland during the last full glacial period. They probably re‐immigrated in the early Holocene.
Late Pleistocene‐Holocene benthic foraminiferal distribution in the southwestern Barents Sea: Paleoenvironmental implications
Authors: HALD MORTEN , DANIELSEN TOR K. , LORENTZEN STEIN
Published: July 2010

A benthic foraminiferal stratigraphy from the southwestern Barents Sea indicates that foraminifera were reworked and deposited in tills during the last glaciation. The deglaciation occurred in three main steps: (1) Presence of an Elphidium excavatum dominated assemblage > 13,300–12,000 B.P. (2), Nonion barleeanum dominated assemblage 12,000–10,000 B.P., and (3) establishment of a fauna similar to the modern one at 10,000 B.P. The transition from step 1 to step 2 indicates that the deglacial warming/incipient intrusion of Atlantic water was delayed in the southwestern Barents Sea compared with the western margin of the Norwegian shelf by approximately 1,000 years. Corrosive bottom water that formed during the last deglaciation causing carbonate dissolution may be due to poor ventilation or increased biogenic production accompanying the inferred oceanographic changes.
Clast fabric of diamictons associated with some roches moutonnées
Authors: CATTO NORM R.
Published: July 2010

Clast fabric patterns in thin, dense, over‐consolidated diamictons overlying and abutting the stoss sides of 23 Canadian and Swedish roches moutonnées were investigated. These diamictons display sedimentary characteristics that are commonly regarded as typical of basally‐deposited tills formed under actively flowing ice. The macrofabrics are marked by strong unimodal orientations in the direction of ice flow, parallel to the long axes of the roches moutonnées. Many have low down‐ice plunge angles. in contrast to the up‐ice plunges normally associated with ortho‐till deposited under actively flowing ice. The degree of divergence between the macrofabric mode and the long axis, whereas the plunge angle is highest in the central part of the stoss slope. The down‐ice plunge of the large clasts appears to be a consequence of deposition in areas where glacial flow and shear stress surfaces are oriented at a shallow angle towards an ice/rigid substratc interface. The angle of plunge depends upon the relative importance of the vertical and lateral stress components. pervasive deformation during deposition, and subsequent reworking. The presence of diamictons over rigid substrates on the stoss flanks of roches moutonnées is an uncommon situation. suggesting that this macrofabric pattern may be relatively rate in general for ortho‐tills deposited under actively flowing ice.
A high Late Holocene tree‐limit and the establishment of the spruce forest‐limit – a case study in northern Sweden
Authors: KULLMAN LEIF , ENGELMARK OLA
Published: July 2010

Radiocarbon dates of subfossil pines found on dry ground above the present‐day tree‐limit are reported from northern Sweden. The uppermost and oldest specimen germinated c. AD 300–600. During some shorter part of this interval the tree‐limit might have been 235 m higher than it was at the turn of the last century. Based on a current adiabatic lapse rate of 0.7°C per 100m, it may be tentatively deduced that the summers were at least 1.6°C warmer. The pine tree‐limit and upper pine populations are inferred to have declined substantially shortly after AD 600. The tree‐limit reached a low at the end of the Little Ice Age. In parallel with the warming of c. 1°C during the first half of the 20th century the tree‐limit advanced 110m altitudinally. Spruce forest dominance seems to have increased at the study site during the first half of the 19th century, when thermal and hygric conditions may have been optimally balanced. Although basically a direct climatic response, it can be hypothesized that the spruce expansion was facilitated by the pine demise during the Little Ice Age.
Definition and character of the Regency Interglacial and Early‐Middle Pleistocene stratigraphy in the King Valley, western Tasmania, Australia
Authors: FITZSIMONS SEAN J. , COLHOUN ERIC A. , GEER GUUS VAN DE , HILL ROBERT S.
Published: July 2010

Interpretation of weathered glacial and interglacial deposits in the lower King Valley suggests that the Early Pleistocene Thureau Formation is conformably overlain by the Regency Formation. Pollen analysis of the Regency Formation provides evidence of a new climatic stage, the Regency Interglacial. The interglacial deposit consists of humified peat overlain by drifted wood and leaves. The pollen analysis shows a transition from montane scrub rainforest to lowland temperate rainforest dominated by Lagarostrobos franklinii, Nothofagus cunninghamii and Phyllocladus aspleniifolius. Trace quantities of the species Quintinia psi‐latispora and Gothanipollis perplexus, now both extinct in Tasmania, were also recorded. On the basis of intense chemical weathering and correlation with sediments that have a reversed magnetization the weathered glacial deposits of the Thureau Formation are thought to be older than 730,000 B.P. The eroded interglacial deposit rests on the weathered deposits and is buried by outwash gravels of the David Formation, which was deposited during an ice advance of the Middle Pleistocene Henty Glaciation (c. 150,000 B.P.). Comparison of the Regency site with a site 2 km to the south at Baxter Rivulet shows that the unconformity between the interglacial deposit and the overlying outwash gravel represents the erosion of the evidence for the Middle Pleistocene Moore Glaciation.
Stable isotope and pollen stratigraphy of a Holocene lake marl section from NE Finland
Authors: HYVÅINEN HANNU , MARTMA TÖNU , PUNNING JAAN‐MATI
Published: July 2010

Oxygen and carbon isotope analyses are described from a marl series of Lake Vanhalampi, NE Finland, covering the time interval between about 9,000 and 4,000 to 3,000 years B.P. Both oxygen and carbon isotope ratios show consistent trends through time, apparently in response to significant environmental changes. Maximum 6lsO levels of ‐12.0 on average are found in the Boreal Chronozone and minimum levels of –13.3 on average in the Subboreal Chronozone, with intermediate values during Atlantic time. A sharp decline occurs at the Atlantic/Subboreal transition between 5,000 and 4,000 years B.P. The δ15O trends are primarily believed to reflect trends in summer temperatures. The results from Lake Vanhalampi are compared with those from Lake Narotch in northwestern Belorussia.
Glaciotectonics in the limelight
Authors: ADRIELSSON LENA
Published: July 2010

Glaciotectonics in the limelight, LENA ADRIELSSON
Magnetic mineralogy of the sediments in Lake Ådran, eastern Sweden, and an interpretation of early Holocene water level changes
Authors: SANDGREN PER , RISBERG JAN
Published: July 2010

A number of magnetic parameters have been measured on samples from a master sequence in Lake Adran, eastern Sweden. Based on the results, frequency dependent magnetic susceptibility, high isothermal rem‐anence magnetization and different magnetic ratios have been calculated. The results from the master sequence have also been compared with magnetically analysed soil samples from the lake catchment. The results of the magnetic analyses show that the sediments in Lake Ådran originate from two sources, one regional and one local. The different sources can be related to water level changes during the Ancylus and Litorina stages. Sediments originating from the regional source are characterized by high ferrimagnetic to antiferromagnetic ratios (high S‐ratios) and are assumed to have been deposited when the water level was well above the threshold. Sediments derived from the catchment, having lower S‐ratios, are assumed to have been deposited when the basin was cut off from the regional water circulation. On the basis of the magnetic results, combined with pollen and diatom analyses, tentative water level changes for the Lake Adran basin are compiled.
Studies on Late Quaternary sea level changes
Authors: ERONEN MATTI
Published: July 2010

Studies on Late Quaternarysea level changes, MAlTTI ERONEN
Quaternary International
Authors: HJORT CHRISTIAN
Published: July 2010

Book reviewed in this article:

Quaternary International. Edited by N. Rutterin associationwith N. R. Catto
Sedimentology and depositional environments of the Lund Diamicton, southern Sweden
Authors: PERSSON KÄRSTIN MALMBERG , LAGERLUND ERIK
Published: July 2010

The Lund Diamicton (earlier named Lund Till) in SW Skåne, S. Sweden, is a glacioaquatic sediment consisting of clay and massive and laminated diamictons. It is characterized by clasts derived from the Baltic depression and its depositional history can be summarized as follows: After deglaciation, large fields of stagnant ice remained in the area and a periglacial land surface with ice‐wedge polygons and wind‐abraded clasts was developed in ice‐free areas. A transgression followed and a clay/diamicton sediment was deposited, partly on top of stagnant ice and against a coastal barrier of stagnant ice along large parts of the basin boundary. This sediment is the Lund Diamicton. The main depositional processes were: fall‐out of clay from suspension, sediment gravity flow from stagnant ice and icebergs and rain‐out of debris from floating icebergs. The unit was extensively deformed by escaping pore water, loading, flow and due to melting of buried ice. The Lund Diamicton is the equivalent in this area of the classical ‘Low Baltic till’, which has been interpreted as a basal till deposited by the ‘Low Baltic ice stream’. The present study concludes that this unit is instead a glacioaquatic sediment deposited during a transgression in the Öresund area. Its boundary represents the highest coastline and not the margin of a glacier.
Globigerinita clarkei (Rögl & Bolli) — an unfairly ignored small planktic foraminifer
Authors: BOLTOVSKOY ESTEBAN
Published: July 2010

Because many forminiferologists pay little attention to the smallest planktic foraminiferal species, the role of Globigerinita clarkei (Rögl & Bolli) as a fauna making species has been largely overlooked. Although it is widely distributed throughout the world, even dominating the assemblages of many areas (at least in the Quarternarty deposits), it is missing from numerous reports based on materials where it must have been present.
Iceberg scours, iceberg gravity craters and current erosion marks from a gigantic Preboreal flood in southeastern Norway
Authors: LONGVA ODDVAR , THORESEN MORTEN K.
Published: July 2010

At approximately 9200 BP the Romerike area of southeastern Norway was flooded as much as c. 35 m by a jøkulhlaup from the ice‐dammed lake ‘Nedre Gl'amsjø’. The flood formed characteristic erosion patterns in the surface of soft sediments and eroded channels in overflow passes. Icebergs driven by the floodwater scoured the bottom and formed imprints on the flooded surface when they were stranded as the waterlevel fell. Information from the eroison features is used to reconstruct the palaeocurrents.
Late Vistulian insect assemblages from Zabinko, western Poland
Authors: LEMDAHL GEOFFFREY
Published: July 2010

Insect analysis was carried out in deposits from a Late Vistulian site at Zabinko, western Poland. Geomorphological, lithostratigraphical and palaeobotanical investigations have been carried out earlier at the same section and published elsewhere. The analysed samples are dated from c. 12,600 to 12,200 BP. A total of 54 insect taxa were determined, the majority being Coleoptera. No major change in the insect fauna during this 400 years period could be detected from the study. The presence of specific phytophagus beetles suggests the same local vegetational environment as reconstructed from the plant macrofossil record, namely a shallow pool with a well‐developed reed vegetation. The pool was situated in an open landscape with scattered trees and herb vegetation. The climatic reconstruction from the insect assemblages suggests a cool temperate climate with an average July temperature of 14–15d̀C, During the same time period arctic/ksubarctic conditionsd, with mean July temperatures of c. 10–12d̀C, prevailed in southernmost Scandinavia. The climatic amelioration in western Poland seems to have started possibl 500 years earlier than in southern Sweden.
The Skógar Tephra, a Younger Dryas marker in North Iceland
Authors: NORDDAHL HREGGVIDUR , HAFLIDASON HAFLIDI
Published: July 2010

A composite stratigraphical sequence, the Fnjóskadalur Sequence, reveals ten cycles of glacier advances and formation of ice‐dammed lakes in Fnjóskadalur in central North Iceland. Chemical analyses of the Skógar Tephra, with its type locality in this valley, have enabled a correlation with Ash zone I in deep sea sediments of the North Atlantic and with the Vedde Ash Bed on land in western Norway, where it is dated to 10,600 BP. The Skógar Tephra is composed of two layers, a basaltic tephra (STP‐1) and a rhyolitic tephra (STP‐2) erupted almost simultaneously from two different Icelandic volcanoes. The STP‐1 tephra originates from the Katla volcano in South Iceland, and the öræfajökull volcano in Southeast Iceland is considered a plausible source of the STP‐2 tephra. This new dating of the Skógar Tephra puts the three youngest glacier advances of the Fnjóskadalur Sequence within a 1000 year period between 10,600 and 9650 BP. The redated Late Weichselian glacial history now extracted from the Fnjóskadalur Sequence shows that glaciers in North Iceland were more extended in Younger Dryas and Preboreal times than previously assumed. This fits with the revised deglaciation pattern which has evolved in recent years.
Weichselian glacial history of the Svalbard area: correlating the marine and terrestrial records
Authors: HEBBELN DIERK
Published: July 2010

Investigation of eight deep‐sea sediment cores from the Fram Strait provides evidence of two phases with an increased input of ice‐rafted detritus (IRD) during the last 130,000 years. For the Middle and Late Weichselian events, east‐west trends in accumulation rates and terrestrial organic matter content in the deep‐sea sediments point to Svalbard as the source area of the IRD. Both phases are clearly correlated with glacier advances on Svalbard, allowing the application of marine stratigraphy to the terrestrial field sections. Since the dating of the terrestrial record of the Weichselian glacial history of Svalbard is still uncertain, this correlation will improve the age assignments to the individual glacial events.
Late Stone Age hunters
Authors: LARSSON LARS
Published: July 2010

Book reviewed in this article:

Smith, C. 1992: Late Stone Age Hunters of the British Isles
Numerical modelling provides evidence of a Baltic Ice Stream during the Younger Dryas
Authors: HOLMLUND PER , FASTOOK JAMES
Published: July 2010

In an effort to analyse the complex Younger Dryas event in central Scandinavia a finite‐element method solution of the continuity equation has been used to describe the glaciological processes involved. In order to make the model compatible with the geologic evidence, it is suggested that the ice sheet was drained by a ‘Baltic Ice Stream’. The Ice Stream was steered by differences in basal conditions. We also conclude that the climatic event responsible for the Younger Dryas stillstand was probably short (< 500 years), and that different regions of the ice sheet responded in different ways. During a simulated termination it was shown that there was broad agreement about the marginal positions in Sweden and Finland if it was assumed that there was a general sliding zone for elevations below 100 m. with an enhanced sliding zone through the centre of the Baltic and the Gulf of Bothnia. A stillstand near the position of the Younger Dryas moraines is attained with a climatic equilibrium line altitude (ELA) depression of 600 m for a period of 500 years. Agreement of simulated behaviour with observed behaviour is less consistent for the more maritime areas of western Sweden and western Norway.
Quaternary sequences and their relations to the pre‐Quaternary in the vicinity of Anholt, Kattegat, Scandinavia
Authors: LYKKE‐ANDERSEN HOLGER , SEIDENKRANTZ MARIT‐SOLVEIG , KNUDSEN KAREN LUISE
Published: July 2010

The stratigraphic record from a boring penetrating the 104 m thick Quaternary sequence on the island of Anholt is summarized. The spatial distribution of the pre‐Quaternary formations and the surface topography of these are described on the basis of reflection seismic profiles. It is concluded that Anholt is located in the crestal zone of a southeast–northwest trending anticline in the pre‐Quaternary. The anticline was formed during the Late Cretaceous–Early Tertiary inversion episodes and was later deeply truncated by erosion. A southeast–northwest trending erosional channel, c. 2 km wide and with a maximum depth c. 250 m below sea level, is located southeast of Anholt along the crest of the anticline. This channel is not present at the bore locality. Although no direct correlation from the boring to the seismic profiles could be achieved it is argued that a strong reflection near the base of the Quaternary outside the channel may be correlated with the Saalian–Eemian complex found in the boring. Three younger sequences of probable Early and Middle Weichselian, Late Glacial and Holocene age respectively have been recognized. The Late Glacial and Holocene sediments appear to have been deposited in erosional troughs and channels cut into a sequence of Lower and Middle Weichselian sediments. Post‐Eemian till deposits or other evidence unambiguously indicating the presence of Weichselian glaciers have not been found, either in the boring or in the seismic profiles. It is therefore assumed that the erosion of the Lower‐Middle Weichselian sequence was of fluvial origin and can be ascribed to the lowstand period of the Weichselian glacial period. The western part of Anholt can possibly be regarded as an erosional remnant of the Lower‐Middle Weichselian sequence.
Foraminiferal stratigraphy, palaeoenvironments and sedimentation of the glacigenic sequence southwest of Bjørrnøya
Authors: POOLE DAVID A. R. , SKITEM JOAR , VORREN TORE O.
Published: July 2010

Based on four shallow drillings in the outer part of the Bjørnøya trough, palaeoenvironments of foraminifera in glacigenic sediments are discussed. Different methods were used; detailed foraminiferal analysis, oxygen and carbon stable isotope analysis and transfer functions. Six different foraminiferal assemblage zones were found. One zone, AA, appears to be pre‐Pleistocene in age and contains an abundance of reworked early Tertiary foraminifera. Four of the assemblage zones have a dominant arctic foraminiferal content; however, a marked boreal input is evident, particularly in zone B where B. marginata dominates. We suggest that B. marginata has been resedimented from pre‐Eemian ‘warm’ deposits. Its occurrence in these older warm intervals possibly reflects a lower input of the Norwegian Current into the area and possibly an increase in the relative nutrient content of the water masses. The six zones have also differing numbers of foram./gram sediment. An assemblage zone where a boreal component of foraminifera (E. nipponica, P. bulloides) dominates was found, zone C. We define this particular assemblage zone to be of Eemian age (isotope substage 5e). The foraminiferal assemblage composition and the oxygen and carbon isotopes from zone C indicate that oceanographic conditions in the Barents Sea during the Eemian were slightly different from those of the present and that, possibly, Atlantic waters were more prevalent.
The interglacial‐glacial record at the mouth of Scoresby Sund, East Greenland
Authors: MANGEKUD JAN , FUNDER SVEND
Published: July 2010

The sedimentary record around outer Scorcsby Sund begins with the Scorcsby Sund glaciation (≅ isotope stage 6), but is incomplete. Both at Kap Hope, headward of the fjord mouth, and at Kikiakajik on the outer coast. there are shallow marine sediments, correlated with the Langelandselv interglaciation (≅ isotope substagc 5e) on the basis of molluse assemblages and luminescence dates. AbundantBalanus crenatus, and several bivalves. show that thc adveetion of warm Atlantic water to the East Greenland coast was higher during that interglacial than during the Holocenc. Glacial striae at Kap Brewster (facing the open ocean) and till on top of the interglacial beds at Kikiakajik show that both an outlet from the Greenland Iee Sheet, and more local glaciers reached the continental shelf during the Weichselian. This glacial event is poorly dated. but tentatively correlated with the Flakkerhuk stade (≅ 19 15 ka BP) when, from marine geological data, it is suggested that thc Scoresby Sund glacier terminatedc. 30 km east of Kap Brewster. During the Milne Land stade (c. 10 ka BP) there was a resurgence of local ice caps in the mountains both north and south of the fjord mouth, but Scoresby Sund and Hall Bredning probably remained free of glaciers. Dating of these events was achieved through Iuminescence‐ (TL and OSL) and the14C‐method. and biostratigraphical and amino acid correliition Interglacial shells on thc outer coast show much lower amino acid D/L ratios than shells of the same age within the Scoresby Sund area. This may indicate that the outer coast remained free of ice cover and marine inundation much longer, arid suffered colder temperatures than areas along the fjord.
The Eemian and Weichselian stratigraphy of the Langelandselv area, Jameson Land, East Greenland
Authors: LANDVIK JON Y. , LYSÅ ASTRID , FUNDER SVEND , KELLY MICHAEL
Published: July 2010

Coastal Jameson Land is characterized by thick Quaternary deposits from the last interglacial/glacial cycle. The successions at the mouth of Langelandselv exhibit a key stratigraphy where sediments from the Langelandselv interglaciation (Eemian) are overlain by three till units interbedded with glacimarine and deltaic interstadial successions. Immediately after the retreat of glaciers after the extensive Scoresby Sund glaciation (Saalian). advection of warm Atlantic surface water surpassed what is known from the Holocene. The two lowermost Weichselian tills, deposited during the Aucellaelv and Jyllandselv stades (Early Weichselian), reflect short‐lasting readvances of fjord glaciers. Luminescence dates and correlation with adjacent areas suggest ages of 110–80 ka and 70–60 ka for the Hugin Sø and the Møselv interstades, respectively.
Land biotas of the last interglacial/glacial cycle on Jameson Land, East Greenland
Authors: BENNIKE OLE , BÖCHER JENS
Published: July 2010

Macrofossil plant and insect remains from nearshore marine sediments in Jameson Land, central East Greenland show that the land biotas of the last interglacial stage, the Langelandselv stage, were more diverse than those of the Holocene. Rich dwarf shrub heaths with a diverse assemblage of ericaceous plants occupied low land areas with copses ofBetula pubescenson sheltered sites. Many southern extra‐limital species were present, and the mean summer temperature wasc. 5°C higher than today. The subarctic bioclimatic zone was displaced from southernmost Greenland/Iceland to central East Greenland. The diverse beetle fauna was of palaearctic affinity and strikingly different from the Plio‐Pleistocene and the Holocene Greenlandic beetle faunas. A few fossil assemblages from the Hugin Sø Interstade, which is correlated with oxygen isotope stage 5c (early last glacial stage), point to poor, perhaps entirely herbaceous vegetation with a mean summer temperature that was perhaps 3 4°C lower than today.
The Watten boring ‐ an Early Weichselian and Holocene climatic and palaeoecological record from the French North Sea coastal plain
Authors: SOMMÉ JEAN , MUNAUT ANDRÉ‐V. , EMONTSPOHL ANNE‐FRANCOISE , LIMONDIN NICOLE , LEFÈVRE DAVID , CUNAT‐BOGÈ NICOLE , MOUTHON JACQUES , GILOT ÉTIENNE
Published: July 2010

A deep boring (30 m), carried out at Watten (Nord, France) in 1990, has provided an opportunity to undertake palaeoecological studies based on stratigraphy, sedimentology, palynology, malacology and 14C datings on Early Weichselian and Holocene deposits. The location of the site in the inner zone of the coastal plain, extending in the Aa valley from the southernmost shores of the North Sea upstream to Watten, allows the comparison between interstadials recorded in a pure fluvial environment and the overlying Holocene sediments, in which alternation of marshy, fluvial and marine deposits are observed. The Early Weichselian sequence can be correlated with the Brørup and Odderade interstadials described in northwestern Europe, and belongs within the same palaeogeographical area. At that time the conditions were already continental at Watten. However, the last (Holocene) interglacial has been characterized, at least since the Boreal chronozone, by an oceanic climate and a progressive invasion of the sea, sometimes interrupted by stillstands and withdrawals.
Radiocarbon dating the extinct caribou on Franz Josef Land
Authors: ZALE ROLF , GLAZOVSKIY ANDREY , NASLUND JENS‐OVE
Published: July 2010

Seven old, shed caribou (Rangifer tarandus) antlers from Alexandra Land, in the high arctic Franz Josef Land archipelago where no caribou are found today, were dated to between 3870 ± 70 and 2245 ± 70 radiocarbon years BP. All were found on the ground above the highest shoreline, thus not transported there by sea‐ice. That the ages all fall into a relatively narrow time‐span suggests that they originate from a population of caribou that really lived on Alexandra Land. We suggest that they migrated there after the culmination of the Holocene climatic optimum (c. 6000 to 4500 BP) when the climate again became colder and the sea‐ice more persistent. The climate during that period can be compared with that of Nordaustlandet on Svalbard today, where a population of caribou still exists.
Glacial geological implications of preconsolidation values in sub‐till sediments at Skorgenes, western Norway
Authors: LARSEN EILIV , SANDVEN ROLF , HEYERDAHL HÅKON , HERNES SIGRUN
Published: July 2010

Bottomsets from glaciomarine deltas situated stratigraphically below and above the Weichselian maximum glaciation till at Skorgenes, western Norway, were tested for consolidation in an attempt to quantify the ice thickness at the time of deposition of the till. The value of the preconsolidation pressure in the lower unit (15 ± 1 MPa), indicates an ice thickness over the site of some 1350 ± 90 m. This is, however, only considered a minimum because values of preconsolidation pressures normally are lower than actual ice thickness would suggest due to incomplete drainage of the bed during consolidation. The estimated ice thickness indicates an ice surface some 400 m above the lower limit of the block field in the area, suggesting that this limit can not be used as a criterion for reconstructing the upper glacier surface for the Weichselian maximum glaciation in western Norway. Also, the nearest mountain peaks seemingly were completely ice covered, suggesting that no nunataks were present in that area.