bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long‐term habitat loss in a lightly‐disturbed population of the Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphin, Sousa chinensis
Authors: Wu Haiping , Xu Yuhou , Peng Chongwei , Liao Yongyan , Wang Xianyan , Jefferson Thomas A. , Huang Hu , Huang Shiang‐Lin
Published: June 2017

Coastal and estuarine waters are important ecosystems with high primary and secondary productivity, but they are prone to the impacts of habitat loss caused by anthropogenic activities. For species exclusively inhabiting coastal and estuarine waters, such as the Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphin, Sousa chinensis, irreversible habitat loss can have dramatic implications for population viability.

A Landsat image database was used to determine the extent of coastal changes along the northern Beibu Gulf, where a large humpback dolphin population is found. The results were compared with the standardized sighting gradient (SPUF) determined from a questionnaire survey of fishermen and likely core habitats identified by application of a global digital elevation model.

Both SPUF and likely core habitat results indicated a continuous distribution of the humpback dolphin along the northern Beibu Gulf. Landsat images revealed that 129.6 km2 of coastal waters were permanently lost in the past 40 years, 60 km2 within the likely core habitats. Although this may be considered small, the impact of such habitat loss could be substantial in some local habitats.

The humpback dolphin population in the northern Beibu Gulf should be regarded as one management unit, with two or more social subunits. Immediate systematic surveys are needed to fill information gaps on true distribution range and habitat‐use patterns.

Habitat protection actions for dolphins in the northern Beibu Gulf should include both core and linking habitats, including enacting protected areas in core habitats, mitigating anthropogenic impacts in likely habitats, restoring both coastal waters and surrounding landscape quality, effective treatment of industrial sewage discharge, and comprehensive environmental impact assessments for the planning of coastal development projects.
CCL2 in the Circulation Predicts Long‐Term Progression of Interstitial Lung Disease in Patients With Early Systemic Sclerosis: Data From Two Independent Cohorts
Authors: Wu Minghua , Baron Murray , Pedroza Claudia , Salazar Gloria A. , Ying Jun , Charles Julio , Agarwal Sandeep K. , Hudson Marie , Pope Janet , Zhou Xiaodong , Reveille John D. , Fritzler Marvin J. , Mayes Maureen D. , Assassi Shervin
Published: June 2017

Objective

There are few clinical predictors of the progression of systemic sclerosis (SSc)–related interstitial lung disease (ILD). The purpose of this study was to examine the predictive significance of key cytokines for long‐term progression of ILD and survival in 2 independent cohorts of patients with early SSc.

Methods

Plasma levels of 11 Th1/Th2 cytokines (interleukin‐1β [IL‐1β], IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐12, IL‐13, tumor necrosis factor, CCL2, interferon‐inducible T cell α chemoattractant, and interferon‐γ–inducible 10‐kd protein) were measured in 266 patients with early SSc in the Genetics versus Environment in Scleroderma Outcome Study (GENISOS) discovery cohort. Levels of CCL2, IL‐10, and IL‐6 were measured in 171 patients with early SSc in the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group (CSRG) replication cohort. The primary outcome measure was a decline in the forced vital capacity percent predicted (FVC%) value over time. A joint analysis of longitudinal FVC% values and survival was performed.

Results

After adjustment for age, sex, and ethnicity, CCL2 and IL‐10 were found to be significant predictors of ILD progression in the discovery cohort. Higher CCL2 levels predicted a faster decline in FVC% values (b = −0.57, P = 0.032), while higher IL‐10 levels predicted a slower decline (b = 0.26, P = 0.01). A higher CCL2 value was also predictive of poorer survival (hazard ratio 1.76, P = 0.030). In the CSRG replication cohort, higher CCL2 levels predicted a faster decline in FVC% values (b = −0.58, P = 0.038), but neither IL‐10 nor IL‐6 had predictive significance. A higher CCL2 level also predicted poorer survival (hazard ratio 3.89, P = 0.037).

Conclusion

Higher CCL2 levels in the circulation were predictive of ILD progression and poorer survival in patients with early SSc, findings that support the notion that CCL2 has a role as a biomarker and potential therapeutic target.
Willingness toward organ and body donation among anatomy professors and students in Mexico
Authors: Quiroga‐Garza Alejandro , Reyes‐Hernández Cynthia Guadalupe , Zarate‐Garza Pablo Patricio , Esparza‐Hernández Claudia Nallely , Gutierrez‐de la O Jorge , de la Fuente‐Villarreal David , Elizondo‐Omaña Rodrigo Enrique , Guzman‐Lopez Santos
Published: June 2017

Most anatomists agree that cadaver dissection serves as a superior teaching tool in human anatomy education. However, attitudes toward body donation vary widely between different individuals. A questionnaire was developed to determine the attitudes toward body and organ donation among those who learn the most from cadavers: medical students, medical student teaching assistants, medical students involved in research, and anatomy professors. A cross‐sectional, prospective study was designed in which the questionnaire was distributed among first‐year human anatomy students before undertaking cadaver dissection at the beginning of the semester, and then again after a commemoration service at the end of the course. The questionnaire items included demographic data, as well as questions designed to characterize participants' attitudes regarding body/organ donation from strangers, family members, and whether participants would consider such practices with their own bodies. Out of a total of 517 students enrolled in the Human Anatomy course in the Medical School at the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Mexico during January to June 2016, 95% responded to the first (491) and second (490) surveys. Participants' opinions on their own organ donation was similar before and after exposure to cadaver dissection, with between 87% and 81% in favor of such practices, and only 3% against it, in both surveys. Participants' willingness to donate their own bodies, as well as those of family members, increased, while reluctance regarding such practices decreased by half (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.05). Professors had the highest rates of positive opinions regarding their own body donation (74.9%), with 18.8% undecided. Low opposition toward organ and body donation remains prevalent among both anatomists and physicians in training in Mexico. Anat Sci Educ 10: 589–597. © 2017 American Association of Anatomists.
The measurement properties of the spence children's anxiety scale‐parent version in a large international pooled sample of young people with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Magiati Iliana , Lerh Jian Wei , Hollocks Matthew J. , Uljarevic Mirko , Rodgers Jacqui , McConachie Helen , Ozsivadjian Ann , South Mikle , Van Hecke Amy , Hardan Antonio , Libove Robin , Leekam Susan , Simonoff Emily
Published: June 2017

Anxiety‐related difficulties are common in ASD, but measuring anxiety reliably and validly is challenging. Despite an increasing number of studies, there is no clear agreement on which existing anxiety measure is more psychometrically sound and what is the factor structure of anxiety in ASD. The present study examined the internal consistency, convergent, divergent, and discriminant validity, as well as the factor structure of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale‐Parent Version (SCAS‐P), in a large international pooled sample of 870 caregivers of youth with ASD from 12 studies in the United Kingdom, United States, and Singapore who completed the SCAS‐P. Most were community recruited, while the majority had at least one measure of ASD symptomatology and either cognitive or adaptive functioning measures completed. Existing SCAS‐P total scale and subscales had excellent internal consistency and good convergent, divergent and discriminant validity similar to or better than SCAS‐P properties reported in typically developing children, except for the poorer internal consistency of the physical injury subscale. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) of the existing SCAS‐P six‐correlated factor structure was a poor fit for this pooled database. Principal component analysis using half of the pooled sample identified a 30‐item five correlated factor structure, but a CFA of this PCA‐derived structure in the second half of this pooled sample revealed a poor fit, although the PCA‐derived SCAS‐P scale and subscales had stronger validity and better internal consistency than the original SCAS‐P. The study's limitations, the use of the SCAS‐P to screen for DSM‐derived anxiety problems in ASD and future research directions are discussed. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1629–1652. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Production of G protein‐coupled receptors in an insect‐based cell‐free system
Authors: Sonnabend Andrei , Spahn Viola , Stech Marlitt , Zemella Anne , Stein Christoph , Kubick Stefan
Published: June 2017

The biochemical analysis of human cell membrane proteins remains a challenging task due to the difficulties in producing sufficient quantities of functional protein. G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent a main class of membrane proteins and drug targets, which are responsible for a huge number of signaling processes regulating various physiological functions in living cells. To circumvent the current bottlenecks in GPCR studies, we propose the synthesis of GPCRs in eukaryotic cell‐free systems based on extracts generated from insect (Sf21) cells. Insect cell lysates harbor the fully active translational and translocational machinery allowing posttranslational modifications, such as glycosylation and phosphorylation of de novo synthesized proteins. Here, we demonstrate the production of several GPCRs in a eukaryotic cell‐free system, performed within a short time and in a cost‐effective manner. We were able to synthesize a variety of GPCRs ranging from 40 to 133 kDa in an insect‐based cell‐free system. Moreover, we have chosen the μ opioid receptor (MOR) as a model protein to analyze the ligand binding affinities of cell‐free synthesized MOR in comparison to MOR expressed in a human cell line by “one‐point” radioligand binding experiments. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 2328–2338. © 2017 The Authors. Biotechnology and Bioengineering Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Overexpression of the human antigen R suppresses the immediate paradoxical proliferation of melanoma cell subpopulations in response to suboptimal BRAF inhibition
Authors: Fernandez Marylise , Sutterlüty‐Fall Hedwig , Schwärzler Christoph , Lemeille Sylvain , Boehncke Wolf‐Henning , Merat Rastine
Published: June 2017

Tumor plasticity and the heterogeneous response of melanoma cells to targeted therapies are major limits for the long‐term efficacy of this line of therapy. Targeting tumor plasticity is theoretically possible through the modulation of the expression of RNA‐binding proteins which can affect many different compensatory mechanisms of the adaptive response of malignant cells to targeted therapies. Human antigen R (HuR) is a modulator of gene expression and a transacting factor in the mRNA‐processing machinery used in the cell stress response, and is a potential target for reducing tumor plasticity. In this experiment, we exploit the inherent heterogeneous response of the A375 melanoma line to suboptimal BRAF inhibition as a model of immediate adaptive response. We first observe that HuR overexpression can prevent the heterogeneous response and thus the immediate paradoxical proliferation induced by low‐doses vemurafenib treatment. We then use single‐cell mass cytometry to characterize subpopulations, including those that paradoxically proliferate, based on their proliferation rate and the expression patterns of markers involved in the reversible adaptive resistance to BRAF inhibition and/or recognized as HuR targets involved in cell cycle regulation. Under suboptimal BRAF inhibition, HuR overexpression affects these subpopulations and their expression pattern with contrasting responses depending on their proliferation rate: faster‐proliferating vemurafenib‐sensitive or ‐resistant subpopulations showed higher death tendency and reduced size, and slower‐proliferating subpopulations showed an attenuated resistant expression response and their paradoxical proliferation was inhibited. These observations pave the way to new therapeutic strategies for preventing the heterogeneous response of tumors to targeted therapies.
Comparative proteomic profiling of the serum differentiates pancreatic cancer from chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Saraswat Mayank , Joenväärä Sakari , Seppänen Hanna , Mustonen Harri , Haglund Caj , Renkonen Risto
Published: June 2017

Finland ranks sixth among the countries having highest incidence rate of pancreatic cancer with mortality roughly equaling incidence. The average age of diagnosis for pancreatic cancer is 69 years in Nordic males, whereas the average age of diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis is 40–50 years, however, many cases overlap in age. By radiology, the evaluation of a pancreatic mass, that is, the differential diagnosis between chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer is often difficult. Preoperative needle biopsies are difficult to obtain and are demanding to interpret. New blood based biomarkers are needed. The accuracy of the only established biomarker for pancreatic cancer, CA 19‐9 is rather poor in differentiating between benign and malignant mass of the pancreas. In this study, we have performed mass spectrometry analysis (High Definition MSE) of serum samples from patients with chronic pancreatitis (13) and pancreatic cancer (22). We have quantified 291 proteins and performed detailed statistical analysis such as principal component analysis, orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis and receiver operating curve analysis. The proteomic signature of chronic pancreatitis versus pancreatic cancer samples was able to separate the two groups by multiple statistical techniques. Some of the enriched pathways in the proteomic dataset were LXR/RXR activation, complement and coagulation systems and inflammatory response. We propose that multiple high‐confidence biomarker candidates in our pilot study including Inter‐alpha‐trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H2 (Area under the curve, AUC: 0.947), protein AMBP (AUC: 0.951) and prothrombin (AUC: 0.917), which should be further evaluated in larger patient series as potential new biomarkers for differential diagnosis.
Heterogeneous volume deformation and animation authoring with density‐aware moving least squares
Authors: Kwon Soonhyeon , Kim Younguk , Kim Kihyuk , Lee Sungkil
Published: June 2017

This paper presents a novel heterogeneous volume deformation technique and an intuitive volume animation authoring framework. Our volume deformation extends the previous technique based on moving least squares with a density‐aware weighting metric for data‐driven importance control and efficient upsampling‐based volume synthesis. For user interaction, we present an intuitive visual metaphor and interaction schemes to support effective spatiotemporal editing of volume deformation animation. Our framework is implemented fully on graphics processors and thus suitable for quick‐and‐easy prototyping of volume deformation with improved controllability.
Modified putty index matrix technique with mylar strip and a new classification for selecting the type of matrix in anterior proximal/incisal composite restorations
Authors: Sherwood I. Anand , Rathakrishnan Mensudar , Savadamaoorthi Kamatchi Subramanian , Bhargavi Puridi , Vignesh Kumar Vasanthan
Published: June 2017

Key Clinical Message

Matrix technique described in this article combines the advantages of both flexible and rigid matrix in anterior composite restorations. Using mylar strip provide advantages, of one utilizing the mylar strip for contouring the labial aspect of restoration thereby, and overcomes the problem in adapting the teflon tape around the tooth.
Ranolazine: safe and effective in a patient with hypertensive cardiomyopathy and multiple episodes of electrical storm
Authors: Margos Panagiotis , Margos Nikolaos , Mokadem Nadiya , Patsiotis Ilias , Kranidis Athanasios
Published: June 2017

Key Clinical Message

Among implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) recipients, there are patients with recurrent episodes of electrical storm (ES), retractable to the optimal antiarrhythmic drug therapy or invasive ablation procedures. A relatively novel anti‐ischemic drug with also antiarrhythmic properties, ranolazine, may effectively suppress ventricular arrhythmias in such patients for a long period of time.
Development of ventricular fibrillation after implantation of a biventricular implantable cardioverter defibrillator: what is the mechanism?
Authors: Chemello Diego , Pivatto Júnior Fernando , Pimentel Maurício , Zimerman Leandro
Published: June 2017

Key Clinical Message

Syncopal spells in heart failure patient with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIED) require multiple assessments. T‐wave oversensing is a well‐described phenomenon that remains significant in modern implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) systems. It can lead to inappropriate therapies and loss of biventricular pacing in those with cardiac resynchronization devices. Strategies to overcome this problem are important.
Years of palpitations and a heart rate of 213 beats per minute
Authors: Lee Kevin , Banta Joseph , D'Ambrosio Matthew , Voudouris Apostolos , Tsompanidis Antonios
Published: June 2017

Key Clinical Message

Belhassen tachycardia is the most common idiopathic ventricular tachycardia arising from the left ventricle, classically characterized by a right bundle branch block and left axis deviation. Vigilance for Belhassen tachycardia is essential as intravenous verapamil has proven to be highly efficacious for treating symptomatic patients with this underlying arrhythmia.
An isolated traumatic fracture of the malleus handle
Authors: Yetiser Sertac
Published: June 2017

Key Clinical Message

Traumatic fracture of the malleus handle without tympanic membrane perforation is a rare incidence. Diagnosis of conductive hearing loss can only be confirmed with manipulation of the ossicles under sedation as computerized tomography is not informative. We present a 39‐year‐old lady with Q‐tip injury when she get sudden phone call.
Modeling and Optimization of Membrane Bioreactors and Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor‐Membrane Bioreactors
Authors: Leyva-Díaz Juan Carlos , Poyatos José Manuel
Published: June 2017

A membrane bioreactor (MBR) and two hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor‐membrane bioreactor systems (hybrid MBBR‐MBRs) were studied in terms of the process modeling and operation optimization through different mathematical models for organic matter and nitrogen removal. A multiple linear regression method and a multivariable statistical analysis were applied. The process variables were hydraulic retention time, total biomass concentration, temperature, chemical oxygen demand of the influent, and total nitrogen of the influent. In general, the values of the coefficient of determination (R2) for the different model fittings were higher for the hybrid MBBR‐MBR processes than those obtained for the MBR, which was probably attributable to the presence of suspended and attached biomass in the hybrid MBBR‐MBR systems.
Improving Electrochemical Performances of Rechargeable Li−CO2 Batteries with an Electrolyte Redox Mediator
Authors: Wang Xin‐Gai , Wang Chengyi , Xie Zhaojun , Zhang Xin , Chen Yanan , Wu Dihua , Zhou Zhen
Published: June 2017

Rechargeable Li−CO2 batteries represent a novel approach towards clean recycling and utilization of CO2. Nevertheless, there are still many obstacles to be overcome. Herein, we report the first application of an electrolyte redox mediator (LiBr) in rechargeable Li−CO2 batteries. The electrochemical performances were found to be significantly improved, especially in terms of cyclic stability and rate capability. The proposed mechanism is that LiBr is beneficial for the formation of the desired morphology of discharge products. Moreover, the electrochemically generated Br2 promotes the decomposition of Li2CO3 chemically during the charging process.
Oligosaccharide Sensing in Aqueous Media by Porphyrin–Curdlan Conjugates: A Prêt‐á‐Porter Rather Than Haute‐Couture Approach
Authors: Fukuhara Gaku , Sasaki Mayuko , Numata Munenori , Mori Tadashi , Inoue Yoshihisa
Published: June 2017

Saccharide sensing in aqueous media is an intriguing but challenging goal in current chemistry. Herein we report the oligosaccharide‐sensing behavior of newly synthesized porphyrin–curdlan conjugates, which are random coils in DMSO but become globules in aqueous solutions to induce circular dichroism (ICD) in the biologically accessible spectral region due to the conformational fixation of porphyrin reporters. The magnitude of ICD was significantly varied specifically in the presence of acarbose, a drug for type‐2 diabetes, enabling us to detect the aminosaccharide at concentrations down to 200 μm. This result demonstrates that the prêt‐á‐porter approach, using less‐defined reporter‐curdlan conjugates, is more advantageous than the traditional haute‐couture approach with highly sophisticated hosts in particular in oligosaccharide sensing.
Workplace Discrimination against Sexual Minorities: Subtle and not‐so‐subtle
Authors: DeSouza Eros R. , Wesselmann Eric D. , Ispas Dan
Published: June 2017

Sexual minorities (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals; LGBT) experience workplace discrimination that leads to decreased physical and emotional well‐being, and negative job outcomes. LGBT individuals may also experience microaggressions and ostracism in the workplace. Microaggressions are brief and subtle slights or insults that can be either conscious or unconscious, which have negative consequences similar to direct “old‐fashioned” forms of discrimination. Ostracism, being ignored and excluded, has similar negative outcomes. Microaggressions and ostracism are often ambiguous and difficult to substantiate legally, whereas other forms of discrimination can be observed directly. We review the literature on microaggressions and ostracism, which have recently been investigated with LGBT populations, suggesting future research directions. We suggest practices for encouraging an organizational climate of acceptance. Copyright © 2017 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A MnOOH‐Polyaniline Nanocomposite Modified Gold Electrode for Electrochemical Sensing of Nitrite
Authors: Shen Yu , Zhang Jian , Sheng Qinglin , Zheng Jianbin
Published: June 2017

A novel non‐enzymatic nitrite sensor was fabricated by immobilizing MnOOH‐PANI nanocomposites on a gold electrode (Au electrode). The morphology and composition of the nanocomposites were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR). The electrochemical results showed that the sensor possessed excellent electrocatalytic ability for NO2− oxidation. The sensor displayed a linear range from 3.0 μmol•L−1 to 76.0 mmol•L−1 with a detection limit of 0.9 μmol•L−1 (S/N = 3), a sensitivity of 132.2 μA•L•mol−1•cm−2 and a response time of 3 s. Furthermore, the sensor showed good reproducibility and long‐term stability. It is expected that the MnOOH‐PANI nanocomposites could be applied for more active sensors and used in practice for nitrite sensing.
Copper(II) Acetylacetonate: An Efficient Catalyst for Huisgen‐Click Reaction for Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Triazoles in Water
Authors: Jiang Yuqin , Li Xingfeng , Li Xiyong , Sun Yamin , Zhao Yaru , Jia Shuhong , Guo Niu , Xu Guiqing , Zhang Weiwei
Published: June 2017

An efficient and green copper(II) acetylacetonate‐catalyzed protocol for the Huisgen‐click reaction in water at 100 °C has been established. The protocol was not only suitable for the reaction between organic azides and alkynes, but also suitable for one‐pot three‐component reaction among alkyl halides, NaN3 and alkynes.
Dynamic Nuclear Polarization/Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy of Membrane Polypeptides: Free‐Radical Optimization for Matrix‐Free Lipid Bilayer Samples
Authors: Salnikov Evgeniy S. , Abel Sébastien , Karthikeyan Ganesan , Karoui Hakim , Aussenac Fabien , Tordo Paul , Bechinger Burkhard , Ouari Olivier
Published: June 2017

Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) boosts the sensitivity of NMR spectroscopy by orders of magnitude and makes investigations previously out of scope possible. For magic‐angle‐spinning (MAS) solid‐state NMR spectroscopy studies, the samples are typically mixed with biradicals dissolved in a glass‐forming solvent and are investigated at cryotemperatures. Herein, we present new biradical polarizing agents developed for matrix‐free samples such as supported lipid bilayers, which are systems widely used for the investigation of membrane polypeptides of high biomedical importance. A series of 11 biradicals with different structures, geometries, and physicochemical properties were comprehensively tested for DNP performance in lipid bilayers, some of them developed specifically for DNP investigations of membranes. The membrane‐anchored biradicals PyPol–C16, AMUPOL–cholesterol, and bTurea–C16 were found to exhibit improved g‐tensor alignment, inter‐radical distance, and dispersion. Consequently, these biradicals show the highest signal enhancement factors so far obtained for matrix‐free membranes or other matrix‐free samples and may potentially shorten NMR acquisition times by three orders of magnitude. Furthermore, the optimal biradical‐to‐lipid ratio, sample deuteration, and membrane lipid composition were determined under static and MAS conditions. To rationalize biradical performance better, DNP enhancement was measured by using the 13C and 15N signals of lipids and a peptide as a function of the biradical concentration, DNP build‐up time, resonance line width, quenching effect, microwave power, and MAS frequency.
The effect of a maternal history of childhood abuse on adrenocortical attunement in mothers and their toddlers
Authors: Fuchs Anna , Moehler Eva , Resch Franz , Kaess Michael
Published: June 2017

We investigated circadian mother–child adrenocortical attunement in the context of a maternal history of childhood abuse (HoA). Mothers were screened after birth using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Women reporting moderate or severe abuse formed the HoA group (n = 37; HoAG) and were compared with a non‐maltreated comparison group (n = 45; CG). Three years later, cortisol awakening response (CAR) and diurnal slope (DSL) were assessed. Mother–child interaction was coded using the Emotional Availability Scales at 12 months of age. For the CAR, we found adrenocortical attunement only in the HoAG (2‐way interaction: p = .004), particularly if mothers scored low on structuring (3‐way interaction: p = .042) and children scored low on responsiveness (3‐way interaction: p = .044). DSL‐attunement was dependent on maternal sensitivity (3‐way interaction: p = .012) and child involvement (3‐way interaction: p = .012). In the context of a maternal HoA, it seems possible for mother‐child‐dyads to show less optimal interactional quality but be stronger attuned to each other biologically.
Resistance irrelevant CYP417A2v2 was found degrading insecticide in Laodelphax striatellus
Authors: Miah Mohammad Asaduzzaman , Elzaki Mohammed Esmail Abdalla , Han Zhaojun
Published: June 2017

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) usually overexpressed in resistant strain were found involved in oxidative detoxification of insecticides. In this study, an investigation was conducted to confirm if resistance irrelevant CYPs which were not overexpressed in resistant strain before, were capable of degrading insecticides. Three resistance irrelevant CYPs viz. CYP417A2v2, CYP425A1v2, and CYP4DJ1 from CYP4 family of Laodelphax striatellus were randomly selected for experiments. CYP417A2v2 and CYP425A1v2 were found expressed successfully in Sf9 cell line while CYP4DJ1 was not expressed successfully and out of two expressed CYPs, only CYP417A2v2 showed its efficient catalytic activity. For catalytic activity, three traditional model probe substrates and five insecticides were assayed. For the probe substrates screened, p‐nitroanisole and ethoxycoumarin were preferentially metabolized by CYP417A2v2 (specific activity 3.76 ± 1.22 and 1.63 ± 0.37 nmol min−1 mg protein−1, respectively) and they may be potential diagnostic probes for this enzyme. Among insecticides, only imidacloprid was efficiently degraded by CYP417A2v2. Incubation of imidacloprid with CYP417A2v2 of L. striatellus and subsequent HPLC, LC‐MS, and MS/MS analysis revealed the formation of imidacloprid metabolites, that is, 4′ or 5′hydroxy‐imidacloprid by hydroxylation. This result implies the exemption of CYPs character that it is not always, all the CYPs degrading insecticides being selected and overexpressed in resistant strains and the degrading CYPs without mutations to upregulate could be candidates during insecticide resistance evolution. This characterization of individual insect CYPs in insecticide degradation can provide insight for better understand of insecticide resistance development.
Semi‐supervised determination of pseudocryptic morphotypes using observer‐free characterizations of anatomical alignment and shape
Authors: Vitek Natasha S. , Manz Carly L. , Gao Tingran , Bloch Jonathan I. , Strait Suzanne G. , Boyer Doug M.
Published: June 2017

Accurate, quantitative characterization of complex shapes is recognized as a key methodological challenge in biology. Recent development of automated three‐dimensional geometric morphometric protocols (auto3dgm) provides a promising set of tools to help address this challenge. While auto3dgm has been shown to be useful in characterizing variation across clades of morphologically very distinct mammals, it has not been adequately tested in more problematic cases where pseudolandmark placement error potentially confounds interpretation of true shape variation. Here, we tested the sensitivity of auto3dgm to the degree of variation and various parameterization settings using a simulation and three microCT datasets that characterize mammal tooth crown morphology as biological examples. The microCT datasets vary in degree of apparent morphological differentiation, with two that include grossly similar morphospecies and one that includes two laboratory strains of a single species. Resulting alignments are highly sensitive to the number of pseudolandmarks used to quantify shapes. The degree to which the surfaces were downsampled and the apparent degree of morphological differentiation across the dataset also influenced alignment repeatability. We show that previous critiques of auto3dgm were based on poorly parameterized alignments and suggest that sample‐specific sensitivity analyses should be added to any research protocol including auto3dgm. Auto3dgm is a useful tool for studying samples when pseudolandmark placement error is small relative to the true differences between specimens. This method therefore represents a promising avenue forward in morphometric studies at a wide range of scales, from samples that differ by a single genetic locus to samples that represent multiple phylogenetically diverse clades.
Using phylogeny and functional traits for assessing community assembly along environmental gradients: A deterministic process driven by elevation
Authors: Xu Jinshi , Chen Yu , Zhang Lixia , Chai Yongfu , Wang Mao , Guo Yaoxin , Li Ting , Yue Ming
Published: June 2017

Community assembly processes is the primary focus of community ecology. Using phylogenetic‐based and functional trait‐based methods jointly to explore these processes along environmental gradients are useful ways to explain the change of assembly mechanisms under changing world. Our study combined these methods to test assembly processes in wide range gradients of elevation and other habitat environmental factors. We collected our data at 40 plots in Taibai Mountain, China, with more than 2,300 m altitude difference in study area and then measured traits and environmental factors. Variance partitioning was used to distinguish the main environment factors leading to phylogeny and traits change among 40 plots. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to colligate other environment factors. Community assembly patterns along environmental gradients based on phylogenetic and functional methods were studied for exploring assembly mechanisms. Phylogenetic signal was calculated for each community along environmental gradients in order to detect the variation of trait performance on phylogeny. Elevation showed a better explanatory power than other environment factors for phylogenetic and most traits’ variance. Phylogenetic and several functional structure clustered at high elevation while some conserved traits overdispersed. Convergent tendency which might be caused by filtering or competition along elevation was detected based on functional traits. Leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and leaf nitrogen content alongPCA1 axis showed conflicting patterns comparing to patterns showed on elevation.LDMCexhibited the strongest phylogenetic signal. Only the phylogenetic signal of maximum plant height showed explicable change along environmental gradients.Synthesis. Elevation is the best environment factors for predicting phylogeny and traits change. Plant's phylogenetic and some functional structures show environmental filtering in alpine region while it shows different assembly processes in middle‐ and low‐altitude region by different trait/phylogeny. The results highlight deterministic processes dominate community assembly in large‐scale environmental gradients. Performance of phylogeny and traits along gradients may be independent with each other. The novel method for calculating functional structure which we used in this study and the focus of phylogenetic signal change along gradients may provide more useful ways to detect community assembly mechanisms.
Resource‐allocation tradeoffs in caddisflies facing multiple stressors
Authors: Correa‐Araneda Francisco , Basaguren Ana , Abdala‐Díaz Roberto T. , Tonin Alan Mosele , Boyero Luz
Published: June 2017

The replacement of native forests by exotic tree monocultures, such as those of Eucalyptus, decreases the quality of leaf litter inputs to streams and often reduces riparian cover, which can elevate water temperature. The combined effects of these stressors on the survival and performance of detritivores may be important, as detritivore species loss leads to reduced litter breakdown, a key ecosystem process. Potential loss of cased caddisfly larvae is of particular concern because they are the predominant detritivores in many streams, they are sensitive to warming, and they expend energy on building and carrying their cases, which may be an added burden under times of stress. In a microcosm experiment, we tested whether (i) poor‐quality Eucalyptus globulus litter impaired case construction by larvae of Sericostoma pyrenaicum (due to preferential allocation of the scarcer available energy to larval fitness) compared to high‐quality Alnus glutinosa litter; (ii) whether this effect was enhanced by higher temperatures (15 vs. 10°C) resulting in faster metabolism and greater energy expenditure; but (iii) reduced in the presence of chemical cues from a predatory fish (due to greater investment in more protective cases). We found that Eucalyptus had lethal and sublethal effects on larval caddisflies, increasing mortality, reducing growth, and impairing case construction, compared to larvae fed Alnus. Temperature did not reinforce the effects of exotic litter on case construction, but predator chemical cues triggered the construction of more protective cases (i.e., longer and better cemented) despite the lower resource quality, providing evidence for environmentally mediated resource‐allocation tradeoffs.
Tuning the Relative Energies of Propagation and Chain Termination Barriers in Polyolefin Catalysis through Electronic and Steric Effects
Authors: Ehm Christian , Budzelaar Peter H. M. , Busico Vincenzo
Published: June 2017

A computational exploration of the predicted molecular weights for Ti‐ and Zr‐catalyzed olefin polymerizations shows that there are considerable opportunities for electronic tuning. Ligand variation mainly affects the propagation rate, whereas chain transfer to the monomer is hardly affected by electronic factors. The results are analyzed in terms of the effects of ligand variation on the relative energies of “connected couples” of reactant local minima and the corresponding transition states on the basis of the Hammond postulate and the Curtin–Hammett principle. For the constrained‐geometry catalysts (CGCs) and bis(amido) systems studied, better donating ligands increase the preference for a “planar” metal environment and produce higher molecular weights.
Covalently Immobilized Lipases are Efficient Stereoselective Catalysts for the Kinetic Resolution of rac‐(5‐Phenylfuran‐2‐yl)‐β‐alanine Ethyl Ester Hydrochlorides
Authors: Nagy Botond , Galla Zsolt , Bencze László Csaba , Toșa Monica Ioana , Paizs Csaba , Forró Enikő , Fülöp Ferenc
Published: June 2017

Lipase‐catalyzed enzymatic resolution of several new, exotic and variously substituted rac‐(5‐phenylfuran‐2‐yl)‐β‐alanine ethyl esters was investigated. Given the structural instability of unsubstituted rac‐(5‐phenylfuran‐2‐yl)‐β‐alanine ethyl ester, we used the stable hydrochloride salt of this rac‐heteroaryl‐3‐aminopropanoic acid ethyl ester as potential substrate to increase the scope of the reaction. Optimization experiments revealed an efficient procedure for both analytical‐ and preparative‐scale (S)‐selective hydrolysis of several racemic β‐amino ester hydrochlorides in NH4OAc buffer (20 mm, pH 5.8) at 30 °C. Enzymatic resolutions were performed with covalently bound lipase AK from Pseudomonas fluorescens and lipase PS from Burkholderia cepacia on Immobead T2‐150 as catalyst. Seven out of eight new resolution products were successfully isolated and appropriately characterized.
Reliable Synthesis of Phosphino‐ and Phosphine Sulfide‐1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroquinolines and Phosphine Sulfide Quinolines
Authors: Alonso Concepción , Martín‐Encinas Endika , Rubiales Gloria , Palacios Francisco
Published: June 2017

The synthesis of phosphino‐ and phosphine sulfide‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinolines and phosphine sulfide quinolines is described. The synthetic route involves a multicomponent reaction of 2‐phosphinoaniline or 2‐phosphine sulfide‐aniline, aldehydes, and styrenes for the preparation of phosphino‐ or phosphine sulfide‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinolines and allows for the selective generation of two stereogenic centers in a short, efficient, and reliable approach. The selective oxidation of phosphine sulfide‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinolines led to the formation of the phosphine sulfide quinolines.
Triflic Acid Catalyzed 1,6‐Conjugate Addition of Thiols to p‐Quinone Methides under Continuous‐Flow Conditions
Authors: Jadhav Abhijeet S. , Anand Ramasamy Vijaya
Published: June 2017

A simple and efficient protocol to access diarylmethyl thioethers through the triflic acid catalyzed vinylogous Michael addition of aromatic and aliphatic thiols to p‐quinone methides under continuous‐flow conditions by using a microreactor was developed.
Obesity impedes functional improvement in youth with chronic pain: An initial investigation
Authors: Stoner A.M. , Jastrowski Mano K.E. , Weisman S.J. , Hainsworth K.R.
Published: June 2017

Background

Youth with chronic pain are at higher risk for obesity than the general population. In youth with chronic pain, obesity exacerbates pain‐specific activity limitations, and in adults with chronic pain, obesity perpetuates a cycle of disability. The current study examined whether weight status predicts functional disability outcomes over time in youth with chronic pain.

Methods

Data were obtained from a retrospective chart review of patients who consented to participate in a longitudinal outcomes study. The Child Activity Limitations Questionnaire was used to assess functional disability at intake, 1‐, and 3‐month follow‐up. Height and weight were measured at intake. A linear mixed model was used to test whether weight status and time predicted functional disability. Trend analysis with polynomial contrasts was used to test whether improvements in functional disability showed a linear trend over time.

Results

The linear mixed model analysis showed a main effect of weight, suggesting that youth with higher BMI demonstrated less improvement in functional disability over time. The trend analysis suggested that improvements in functional disability were consistent with a linear trend for both healthy weight and overweight participants, but not for obese participants.

Conclusion

These findings demonstrate that obesity impedes improvement in functioning for youth with chronic pain. Despite multidisciplinary pain treatment, youth with comorbid chronic pain and obesity demonstrate greater functional disability at follow‐up and little improvement over time. These results support the need for interventions specifically tailored to the unique challenges faced by youth with comorbid chronic pain and obesity.

Significance

This study shows that obesity impedes improvement in functioning for youth with chronic pain. On the basis of these findings, interventions should be tailored to the unique challenges of this population.
RCT of a Video‐based Intervention Program for Caregivers of Patients with an Eating Disorder
Authors: Quadflieg Norbert , Schädler Daniela , Naab Silke , Fichter Manfred M.
Published: June 2017

Objective

This paper presents the results of a randomized controlled trial measuring the efficacy of a video‐based skills training to decrease burden and psychological distress in caregivers of inpatients treated for an eating disorder in specialized hospital units.

Method

Two hundred eighty‐five caregivers were randomized to either the video intervention (N = 147) or the control group (N = 138). Caregivers' primary outcomes were assessed via Eating Disorder Symptom Impact Scale, Accommodation and Enabling Scale and General Health Questionnaire‐12 at baseline and three‐months follow‐up.

Results

Acceptability of the intervention was high. Receiving additional external professional help like psychotherapy or clinical counselling was identified as a moderator contributing to the efficacy of the intervention. Caregivers' burden (Eating Disorder Symptom Impact Scale) and psychological distress (General Health Questionnaire‐12) were reduced by the intervention but not caregivers' accommodating behaviours (Accommodation and Enabling Scale).

Conclusion

The video training is a promising approach and effective supplement for caregivers of patients with an eating disorder. Additional professional help to caregivers increases the effectiveness of the intervention. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Time-dependent uptake and toxicity of nickel to Enchytraeus crypticus in the presence of humic acid and fulvic acid
Authors: He Erkai , Qiu Hao , Qiu Rongliang , Rentenaar Charlotte , Devresse Quentin , Van Gestel Cornelis A.M.
Published: June 2017

The present study aimed to investigate the influence of different fractions of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on the uptake and toxicity of nickel (Ni) in the soil invertebrate Enchytraeus crypticus after different exposure times. The addition of DOC as humic acid or fulvic acid significantly reduced Ni uptake by E. crypticus in the soil-solution test system. Median lethal effect concentrations were calculated based on total dissolved Ni concentrations (LC50[Ni]), free Ni ion activity (LC50{Ni2+}), and Ni body concentrations (LC50Body-Ni). The LC50[Ni] values increased with increasing DOC levels and decreased with exposure time (4, 7, and 10 d). Humic acid exerted a greater protective effect on Ni toxicity than fulvic acid, but the protective effects decreased with prolonged exposure time. The LC50{Ni2+} values also decreased with exposure time but were almost constant with variation in DOC levels, indicating that the protective effect of DOC is mainly through complexation with free Ni ions to reduce Ni bioavailability. The LC50Body-Ni value was independent of DOC concentration and exposure time, with an estimated overall value of 22.1 µg/g dry weight. The present study shows that body concentration could serve as an effective indicator for predicting Ni toxicity with variations in the exposure environment (e.g., DOC) and exposure time. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:3019–3027. © 2017 SETAC
Persistence of chlorfluazuron in cabbage under different agro-climatic conditions of India and its risk assessment
Authors: Ganguly Pritam , Barik Suhrid Ranjan , Patra Sandip , Roy Sankhajit , Bhattacharyya Anjan
Published: June 2017

A multilocational field trial was conducted at 4 locations in India—Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, and West Bengal—to determine the persistence in cabbage of chlorfluazuron applied twice at 75 and 150 g active ingredient ha−1. Cabbage head samples were collected from each replicated plot on 0 (2 h after spraying), 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 15 d after final insecticide application, including an untreated control. Chlorfluazuron residue in cabbage and field soil was estimated by high-performance liquid chromatography using a photo diode array detector. The limit of determination and limit of quantification of the method were recorded as 0.05 and 0.10 μg g−1, respectively. Results revealed that chlorfluazuron dissipated linearly with progress of time, following first-order kinetics. The mean (± standard deviation) half-life value of chlorfluazuron in cabbage was found to be 7.18 ± 0.71 d, considering different locations and treatments. The residue was below the level of quantification in the harvested cabbage and soil samples. Harvesting cabbage in the experimental location, at least on day 7, after 2 applications of chlorfluazuron at the recommended dose, may not pose any ill effect for Indian adults. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:3028–3033. © 2017 SETAC
Bladder spasm following urogenital fistula repair
Authors: Ekwedigwe Kenneth C. , Isikhuemen Maradona E. , Sunday‐Adeoye Ileogben , Yakubu Emmanuel N. , Eliboh Monday O.
Published: June 2017

Objective

To examine the occurrence of bladder spasms following surgical repair of urogenital fistula.

Methods

The present retrospective study included data from patients who underwent surgical repair of urogenital fistula at the National Obstetric Fistula Centre, Abakaliki, Nigeria, between June 1, 2015, and May 31, 2016. Patients who underwent rectovaginal fistula repair and those who experienced persistent postoperative pain requiring high doses of analgesia were excluded. Bladder spasm was defined as the sudden onset of intermittent pain in the region of the bladder lasting for short periods of time in patients who were previously comfortable with routine postoperative analgesia. The incidence of bladder spasm was calculated and the presence of an association between repair outcome and bladder spasms was investigated.

Results

There were 133 patients included in the present study with a mean age of 36 ± 11 years. Bladder spasms were experienced by 60 (45.1%) patients during the study period; of these patients, failed fistula repair was recorded for 13 (22%). Good surgical outcome (closed fistula) was associated with not experiencing postsurgical bladder spasms (P=0.044).

Conclusion

The incidence of bladder spasm following surgical repair of urogenital fistula appeared high. The occurrence of bladder spasms could influence repair outcomes.