bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Who champions environmental sustainability? A stakeholder’s analysis of public assembly venues
Authors: Ross Walker J. , Murfree Jessica R. , Wang Zhelun
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Despite an abundance of literature regarding the motivations of sport and entertainment managers to adopt environmentally sustainable practices (ESPs) within their venue, there is little offered on which particular stakeholders motivate such action. This study examined the venues which host such events to identify the stakeholders who influence the adoption of ESPs, their specific roles and to highlight salient stakeholders who primarily motivate ESP adoption.

Design/methodology/approach

Guided by stakeholder theory as a framework for analysis, a qualitative study was employed which consisted of sixteen semi-structured interviews with venue personnel including presidents, general managers, operations directions and recycling coordinators. Participants were asked to discuss their venue’s management structure, stakeholder relations and ESPs.

Findings

Internal stakeholders – particularly ownership and operations personnel – were salient stakeholders motivating ESP adoption, but the most unique stakeholder identified was that of a motivated “doer” from no particular role who simply possessed the power, legitimacy and urgency to act on ESPs. Thus, there was no single, identifiable stakeholder role to champion ESPs so much as there was a motivated, normatively legitimate stakeholder who wanted to be that champion.

Originality/value

This research contributes to the growing sport ecology literature and is the first to present the idea of a non-particular, doer stakeholder to champion ESPs within this industry rather than one with a more defined role within organizational structure.
Analysis of erosion and sealing characteristics of V-regulating ball valves for coal chemical industry
Authors: Zhang Weizheng , Huang Wenbin , Lin Hua , Liu Jingwei
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This study aims to research the erosion wear characteristics and sealing performance of V-regulating ball valve in coal chemical process pipelines, which provides a theoretical reference for improving its antiwear and sealing performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Taking the V-regulating ball valve as the research object, based on the computational fluid dynamics and the theory of erosion wear, the authors studied its erosion characteristics under different medium parameters and analyzed the sealing performance under the heat-fluid–solid coupling working condition.

Findings

The erosion wear mechanism of the valve sealing surface is the simultaneous action of cutting and deformation. When the medium flow velocity, particle mass flow rate and particle size increase, the maximum erosion rate and average erosion rate in the V-regulating valve increase. The inner diameter Mises contact stress of the sealing surface is symmetrically distributed in a “wing shape,” and the contact stress of the outer diameter is distributed in a “butterfly shape.” Due to the superposition of thermal stress and pressure stress in the contact transition zone to produce a significant stress concentration.

Practical implications

The findings will provide a theoretical basis for improving the erosion resistance and sealing performance of V-regulating ball valve in coal chemical industry.

Social implications

V-type regulating ball valve is widely favored by coal chemical enterprises and petrochemical enterprises because of its wide adjustment ratio and good erosion resistance.

Originality/value

The V-regulating ball valve wear mechanism for cutting and deformation simultaneously, and its wear rate is positively correlated with the medium flow rate, particle mass flow rate and particle size. After the valve is opened, there is a significant stress concentration occurs in the contact transition zone due to the superposition of thermal stress and compressive stress. The findings will provide a theoretical basis for improving the erosion resistance and sealing performance of V-regulating ball valve in coal chemical industry.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-06-2024-0205/
Improving rural and remote health workforce retention amid global workforce shortages: a scoping review of evaluated workforce interventions
Authors: Onnis Leigh-ann , Hunter Tahalani
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The aim of this study was to conduct a scoping review of a global body of scholarly and industry (grey) literature for evidence of implemented and evaluated interventions to identify best practice workforce retention strategies for organisations providing health services in rural and remote areas.

Design/methodology/approach

A scoping review was conducted of the scholarly and grey literature by two independent researchers. This comprised a search of four scholarly databases, and a Google and website search for grey literature. Quality checks were conducted, and a total of 15 documents were included in the literature review. Using the World Health Organisation’s categories of workforce intervention (regulatory, education, financial incentives, personal and professional support), the documents were analysed to identify effective workforce interventions.

Findings

The literature review found evidence of regulatory impacts as well as organisation-level evaluated workforce interventions for education-to-employment pathways (education), remuneration programs (financial incentives) and working and living conditions (personal and professional support) but seldom provided insight into how successful interventions were implemented or evaluated at the organisational level. Further, there was an absence of scholarship contributing to the development of empirical evidence to inform organisations about designing, implementing and evaluating workforce strategies to improve health workforce retention in rural and remote communities.

Originality/value

Few studies have focused on evidence-based organisation-level interventions to improve rural and remote workforce sustainability. This article offers insights to shape future intervention implementation and evaluation research for rural and remote health workforce sustainability.
Bound phenolics extracts of jujube peel relieve cadmium‐induced toxicity by reducing lipid accumulation of Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Li Xiaojing , Dou Jinfeng , Shi Jieying , Fan Gongjian , Li Tingting , Zhou Dandan , Wu Caie
Published: October 2024

To investigate the effect of bound phenolics extracts (BPEs) of jujube peel on relieving cadmium (Cd)‐induced toxicity and its mechanism, the behavioral deficits, lipid accumulation, and fatty acid synthesis‐related gene expression in Caenorhabditis elegans in Cd exposure group and BPEs improvement groups were determined and compared. The results showed that BPEs significantly improved Cd‐induced behavioral deficits in C. elegans, and no significant differences could be found in low‐dose (12.5 µg/mL) and high‐dose (100 µg/mL) BPEs improvement groups. The treatment of BPEs effectively improved intestinal injury and lipofuscin and lipid accumulation. Especially, oil red O staining intensity in C. elegans treated with BPEs at 50 µg/mL was reduced by 12.60%. BPEs significantly controlled the increase in content of C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1, and C18:2 induced by Cd by regulating the lipid accumulation in Escherichia coli OP50. Cd exposure induced lipid accumulation in C. elegans by upregulating oleic acid synthesis‐related gene expression in E. coli OP50. Furthermore, BPEs treatment significantly downregulated the fatty acid synthesis‐related gene expression in C. elegans and E. coli OP50. This research could reveal the mechanism of BPEs of jujube peel in relieving Cd‐induced toxicity and provide a theoretical basis for the development of functional foods rich in polyphenols.

Practical Application

Jujube peel, a by‐product of jujube processing, is usually discarded due to its coarse texture. However, jujube peel has been proven to possess abundant polyphenols, polysaccharides, and cyclic adenosine phosphate. In addition, in our previous research, bound phenolics extracts (BPEs) of jujube peel were found to perform better in lowering lipid accumulation than that of free phenolics extracts. This study further investigate the effect of BPEs of jujube peel on relieving Cd‐induced toxicity and its mechanism on the base of our previous research. It could realize the comprehensive utilization of by‐products of jujube processing.
Lentil protein and trehalose conjugates: Structural interactions and mechanisms for improving multi‐level structure and functional characteristics
Authors: Alrosan Mohammad , Maghaydah Sofyan , Al‐Qaisi Ali , Almajwal Ali Madi , Alu'datt Muhammad H. , Qudsi Farah R. Al , Tan Thuan‐Chew , Mahmood Ammar A. Razzak
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to improve lentil proteins’ (LPs) functionality and nutritional value, specifically addressing their lower water solubility and digestibility. A unique combination of LP‐disaccharide interactions was employed. Spectroscopic technologies, which include fluorescence spectra, ultraviolet spectra, and Fourier‐transform infrared, investigated the structure of LPs at various concentrations of trehalose. The results indicate that the LP structures and conformation were considerably modified (p < 0.05) following trehalose conjugation. The surface charge and hydrophobicity of the trehalose‐conjugated LPs (T‐LPs) were significantly altered (p < 0.05), from −22.7 to −31.4 and 753 and 543 a.u., respectively. Furthermore, the digestibility and solubility of T‐LPs increased from 75% to 81.8% and 60% to 66%, respectively. In conclusion, this study showed that combining LPs and trehalose conjugation could improve the quality of conjugates LPs, which could expand their use in manufacturing as the acceptance of plant‐based diets increases.

Practical Application

Currently, lentil proteins (LPs) are used in plant‐based protein powders and supplements. Though less popular than soy or pea proteins, LPs are valued for their high protein content and good amino acid profile. LPs are utilized in meat alternatives and high‐protein snack products. The application of these products is mainly due to their nutritional benefits rather than functional properties due to their poor water solubility. Increasing the water solubility of LPs could significantly expand their application in various food industries, making LPs a more competitive and functional plant‐based protein source. Trehalose‐conjugated LPs with better water solubility allow LPs to be used in other food products, such as plant‐based protein beverages. Better solubility would enhance the clarity and smoothness of these products, making them more appealing to consumers.
Mechanistic in vitro study of the effect of Cucurbita moschata (Cucurbitaceae) on carbohydrate digestive enzymes
Authors: Uuh‐Narvaez Jonatan Jafet , Guerrero‐Analco José A. , Monribot‐Villanueva Juan L. , Campos Maira Rubi Segura
Published: October 2024

Diabetes is marked by postprandial hyperglycemia (PHG), an abnormal rise in blood glucose after meals. A key therapeutic goal to reduce PHG is the inhibition of α‐amylase (αAM) and α‐glucosidase (αGL), enzymes that break down carbohydrates into sugars. Cucurbita moschata has been shown to inhibit both enzymes. However, its inhibition mechanism has not been explored. This study investigated the in vitro inhibition mechanisms of αAM and αGL and conducted a metabolomic analysis of C. moschata (edible part) water‐extract (CME), aiming to preliminarily identify its bioactive compounds (BCs). The inhibitory mechanisms were determined using Lineweaver–Burk plots. The BCs were identified and quantified using HPLC‐QTOF‐MS, employing both targeted and untargeted metabolomic approaches. CME had a significant higher effect (p < 0.05) on αAM activity than against αGL with IC50 of 28.99 and 698.42 mg/mL, respectively. The extract showed mixed and uncompetitive type inhibitions on αAM and αGL, respectively. The lowest inhibition constant (Ki) was 47.68 mg/mL on αAM activity at 20 mg/mL. Untargeted metabolic profiling by UPLC‐MS‐ESI‐QTOF putatively identified 30 compounds in CME, such as amino acids, vitamins, phytohormones, fatty acids, cucurbitacins and phenolic acids, and flavonoids. Functional analysis of CME identified significant pathways, including pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis and phenylpropanoids, among others. The targeted analysis by UPLC‐MS‐ESI‐QqQ allowed us to identify 12 compounds, with l‐phenylalanine, p‐hydroxybenzoic, and p‐coumaric acid as majors. This study demonstrated the inhibitory potential of CME on αAM and αGL activities, which may be attributed to its metabolites. Thus, this plant represents a valuable source of BC against PHG.

Practical Application: The research highlights that Cucurbita moschata has significant potential in managing postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetic patients by inhibiting enzymes like α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase. In addition, the identification of its compounds emphasizes its importance as a source of bioactive compounds. Therefore, C. moschata could be effectively utilized in the development of nutraceuticals or as an ingredient in functional foods specifically designed for postprandial hyperglycemia management. Thus, integrating C. moschata as part of the daily diet could offer patients with diabetes a natural alternative to control their blood glucose levels after eating.
Enzymatic interesterification of perilla seed oil and palm stearin: A sustainable approach to develop a novel zero‐trans‐fat margarine rich in omega‐3 fatty acids
Authors: Dhiman Aishwarya , Chopra Rajni , Singh Priyanka Kumari , Singh Anupama , Homroy Snigdha
Published: October 2024

The study focuses on developing a novel perilla seed oil (PeO)‐based polyunsaturated fatty acid–rich margarine fat analogue using enzymatic interesterification. PeO is a rich source of omega‐3 fatty acids, however, has limited application due to susceptibility to oxidative and thermal degradation. Moreover, low consumption of omega‐3 fatty acids in modern diets serves as a major cause for increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. The stability of such oils can be improved by techniques like blending and interesterification. However, blending lacks uniformity, which can be overcome by interesterification. The process conditions, namely, enzyme load, temperature, substrate molar ratio, and reaction time, were systematically optimized using response surface methodology. The optimized interesterified fat was characterized for fatty acid and triacylglyceride (TAG) composition. The physicochemical and functional properties, along with oxidative stability, were also evaluated to determine its overall quality. The structured lipid with zero trans and low saturated fat was developed with 50:50 substrate molar ratio of PeO and palm stearin at 54°C within 5.4 h at 6.2% w/w concentration of TLIM enzyme. It exhibited 23.8% degree of interesterification, 435.5 g hardness, and 33°C slip melting point. The TAG profile of the resulting fat was significantly modified with increased triunsaturated TAGs like LnLnLn and LnLnL but reduced trisaturated TAGs like PPP. The interesterification process lowered tocopherol composition by 3%. The acid, peroxide, IP (Induction Period), and p‐anisidine values of PeO significantly enhanced. The thermal behavior of the developed fat was also modified. The textural properties of margarine developed from optimized fat were comparable to commercial margarine, revealing the application of PeO in healthy margarine formulation.
Rare but relevant: Methamphetamine and Parkinson's disease
Authors: Lappin Julia M.
Published: October 2024

Evidence from a number of paradigms suggests that methamphetamine use is associated with increased risk for the development of Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism, and that it may be associated with the premature development of Parkinson's disease. Prevalence of Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism is greater in both methamphetamine users and people who previously used methamphetamine, and evidence from animal studies provides a plausible mechanism for this observation. Despite this increased risk, Parkinson's disease is rarely diagnosed in methamphetamine users. Reasons for this may include under‐detection, premature mortality, and individual and substance use characteristics which moderate the risk, including higher rates of smoking. Clinicians should be vigilant to signs and symptoms of Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism in methamphetamine users.
Accuracy of MRI in detecting seminal vesicle invasion in prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Thomas , Graham Petra L. , Cao Brooke , Nalavenkata Sunny , Patel Manish I. , Kim Lawrence
Published: October 2024

Objective

To determine the diagnostic test accuracy of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) in detecting seminal vesicle invasion (SVI).

Methods

The Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), PubMed, the Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE) and Cochrane databases were search up to May 2023. We included studies that investigated the accuracy of mpMRI in detecting SVI when compared to radical prostatectomy specimens as the reference standard. Data extraction was performed by two independent reviewers to construct 2 × 2 tables, as well as patient and study characteristics. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed with the Quality of Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies‐2 tool. Sensitivity and specificity were pooled and presented graphically with summary receiver operator characteristic (SROC) plots.

Results

A total of 27 articles with 4862 patients were included for analysis. The summary sensitivity and specificity were 0.57 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.45–0.68) and 0.95 (95% CI 0.92–0.99), respectively. Meta‐regression indicated that there was no evidence that coil strength (P = 0.079), coil type (P = 0.589), year of publication (P = 0.503) or use of the Prostate Imaging‐Reporting and Data System (P = 0.873) significantly influenced these results. The summary diagnostic odds ratio was 28.3 (95% CI 15.0–48.8) and the area under the curve for the SROC curve was 0.87. The I2 statistic was a modest 11.9%. In general, methodological quality was good.

Conclusion

The use of mpMRI in detecting SVI has excellent specificity but poor sensitivity. Both endorectal coils and magnetic field strength do not significantly impact the accuracy of MRI. These findings suggest that mpMRI cannot reliably rule out SVI in patients with prostate cancer.
Chicoric acid exerts therapeutic effects in DSS‐induced ulcerative colitis by targeting the USP9X/IGF2BP2 axis
Authors: Chen Wei , Shan Yunan , Wang Meng , Liang Rui , Sa Ri
Published: October 2024

Background and Purpose

Chicoric acid, a hydroxycinnamic acid, exhibits anti‐inflammation activities. However, the specific mechanisms underlying the effects of chicoric acid on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis remain unclear. Here, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of chicoric acid in DSS‐induced colitis.

Experimental Approach

Mice with DSS‐induced colitis (UC mice) were treated for a week with chicoric acid. Symptoms of colitis, colonic pathology, inflammation‐related indicators, and intestinal mucosal barrier function were evaluated. RNA sequencing was performed on colon tissues to obtain differentially expressed genes. The deubiquitinating enzyme USP9X was selected, and the inhibitory and targeting effects of chicoric acid on USP9X were subsequently determined. In vivo and in vitro, DSS‐induced colitis was treated with USP9X inhibitors WP1130 and EOAI3402143. Ubiquitination label‐free quantitative proteomic analysis was performed to identify protein peptides that may undergo de‐ubiquitination by USP9X. Co‐immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP), immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to validate in vivo and in vitro results.

Key Results

Chicoric acid significantly alleviated clinical activity and histological changes, inhibited pro‐inflammatory cytokine production and improved integrity of the intestinal barrier in UC mice. Moreover, chicoric acid suppressed USP9X expression in colonic tissues from UC mice. Furthermore, USP9X contributed to promoting the onset of UC and that insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA‐binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) was deubiquitinated by USP9X.

Conclusion and Implications

Chicoric acid ameliorated DSS‐induced colitis by targeting the USP9X/IGF2BP2 axis, indicating that targeting the USP9X/IGF2BP2 axis presents a promising and innovative therapeutic approach for the treatment of UC.
Modified Rules for Classification of Variants Associated With Disorders of Somatic Mosaicism
Authors: Leon‐Quintero Fernando Zazueta , Bowling Kevin M. , Dickson Alexa , Corliss Meagan M. , Schroeder Molly C. , Neidich Julie A. , Heusel Jonathan W. , Krysiak Kilannin , Polonis Katarzyna , Parikh Bijal A. , Cao Yang
Published: October 2024

Disorders of somatic mosaicism (DoSMs) are rare genetic disorders arising from postzygotic alteration leading to segmental/nonsegmental disease. Current professional guidelines for standardized variant interpretation focus on germline and cancer variants, making them suboptimal for DoSM variant interpretation. The Brain Malformations Variant Curation Expert Panel (BMVCEP) modified existing guidelines to account for brain‐specific disorders of somatic mosaicism, but applicability to other DoSM presentations is limited. At Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, we have adopted the BMVCEP interpretation framework but suggested alterations that make it more suitable for generalized DoSM variant classification. These modifications include (1) expanding applicability beyond genes associated with brain malformations, (2) introduction of a criterion to interpret truncating variants at the C‐terminus of gain of function genes, (3) establishment of a variant allele fraction (VAF) cutoff for applying de novo criteria, and (4) demonstration that in silico prediction tools are relevant to interpretation of gain of function missense variants. Furthermore, modifications to BMVCEP guidelines reduce the number of variants classified as uncertain. The variant classification considerations that we propose have the potential to improve the accuracy of somatic variant classification, better inform clinical care, and may benefit clinical laboratories also conducting DoSM testing.
Single‐nucleus transcriptomics reveals subsets of degenerative myonuclei after rotator cuff tear‐induced muscle atrophy
Authors: Sun Ziying , Cheng Xi , Wang Zheng , Qiao Chenfeng , Qian Hong , Yuan Tao , Lv Zhongyang , Sun Wenshuang , Zhang Hanwen , Liu Yuan , Lu Zhihao , Lin Jintao , Lai Chengteng , Wang Yang , Yang Xiaojiang , Wang Xingyun , Meng Jia , Bao Nirong
Published: October 2024

Rotator cuff tear (RCT) is the primary cause of shoulder pain and disability and frequently trigger muscle degeneration characterised by muscle atrophy, fatty infiltration and fibrosis. Single‐nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA‐seq) was used to reveal the transcriptional changes in the supraspinatus muscle after RCT. Supraspinatus muscles were obtained from patients with habitual shoulder dislocation (n = 3) and RCT (n = 3). In response to the RCT, trajectory analysis showed progression from normal myonuclei to ANKRD1+ myonuclei, which captured atrophy‐and fatty infiltration‐related regulons (KLF5, KLF10, FOSL1 and BHLHE40). Transcriptomic alterations in fibro/adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) and muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) have also been studied. By predicting cell–cell interactions, we observed communication alterations between myofibers and muscle‐resident cells following RCT. Our findings reveal the plasticity of muscle cells in response to RCT and offer valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets of RCT.
Activation of Automatic Tube Compensation Mode Attenuates Auto‐PEEP in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients
Authors: Moghaddam Omid Moradi , Mohammadi Shahab , Sedighi Mohsen , Amanollahi Alireza , Zaman Behrooz , Alimian Mahzad , Soltani Mansoor , Lahiji Mohammad Niakan
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Dynamic hyperinflation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) results in intrinsic positive end‐expiratory pressure (auto‐PEEP). Automatic tube compensation (ATC) is used to increase airway pressure in COPD and overcome endotracheal tube (ETT)–imposed respiratory workload. We aim to investigate effects of ATC activation on auto‐PEEP decrease in COPD.

Methods

ATC was activated three times a day (1 min duration) in the morning, evening, and night shift. Auto‐PEEP was measured for the 1 min period (every 6 s) following ATC activation. Linear mixed model (LMM) was used to measure changes in auto‐PEEP and compare with baseline value. Age, gender, and COPD types were inserted in model as covariates and analyzed using SPSS.

Results

A total of 60 patients including COPD (n = 40) and COPD with exacerbation (n = 20) were included. Compared with exacerbated COPD, baseline auto‐PEEP in COPD was significantly lower in morning (p = 0.011), evening (p = 0.043), and night shift (p = 0.007). After ATC activation, auto‐PEEP decreased significantly in COPD in morning, evening, and night (p = 0.001), but magnitude of this decrease was notably larger in COPD than in exacerbated COPD (p = 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant relationship between COPD exacerbation and changes in auto‐PEEP in morning (β = −0.27, p = 0.001), evening (β = −0.16, p = 0.001), and night (β = −0.26, p = 0.001).

Conclusion

The activation of ATC mode in COPD patients under mechanical ventilation could decrease the value of auto‐PEEP. Nevertheless, COPD patients with an exacerbation appear to benefit less from ATC activation.
The Relationship of Vitamin A and Neonatal Respiratory Diseases: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Zhang Ruoyu , Li Zhongliang , Zhai Qingfeng
Published: October 2024

This study systematically analyzes the relationship of vitamin A on the neonatal respiratory diseases. An extensive literature search for relevant studies was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, and so on. After screening in strict accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 articles on vitamin A deficiency and 12 articles on vitamin A supplementation were included. Stata 17.0 software was used to perform meta‐analysis, heterogeneity test, and sensitivity analysis, and the corresponding mathematical model was used to merge the data. The meta‐analysis results of the relationship between vitamin A deficiency and neonatal respiratory diseases indicated that compared with the neonates with normal vitamin A, the neonates with vitamin A deficiency had adverse health outcomes of neonatal respiratory diseases (OR = 4.86, 95% CI: 2.68–8.84), of which neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) (OR = 4.10, 95% CI: 2.32–7.23) and neonatal pneumonia (OR = 3.22, 95% CI: 2.18–4.77) were analyzed by subgroup analysis. The meta‐analysis of the relationship between vitamin A supplementation therapy and neonatal respiratory diseases showed that vitamin A supplementation was an effective therapeutic measure for neonatal respiratory diseases (RR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.04–1.07): NRDS (RR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02–1.05) and NBPD (RR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01–1.15). The funnel chart method results show that there was publication bias in studies on vitamin A deficiency induced to and vitamin A supplementation therapy for neonatal respiratory diseases. The sensitivity analysis results showed that excluding some special article had some effect on the final pooled effect. But generally speaking, the result of meta‐analysis was stable. There is a statistical correlation of vitamin A on the neonatal respiratory diseases from two aspects of etiological exploration and effect evaluation of treatment.
On placental and lactational transfer of IgG‐based therapeutic proteins – Current understanding and knowledge gaps from a clinical pharmacology perspective
Authors: Guinn Daphne , Kratz Katherine , Baisden Kristie , Ridge Sarah , McClymont Sonaly , Fletcher Elimika Pfuma , Johnson Tamara , Wang Yow‐Ming
Published: October 2024

Maternal medication use may expose the developing fetus through placental transfer or the infant through lactational transfer. Because pregnant and lactating individuals have been historically excluded from early drug development trials, there is often limited to no human data available to inform pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety in these populations at the time of drug approval. We describe the known mechanisms of placental or lactational transfer of IgG‐based therapeutic proteins and use clinical examples to highlight the potential for fetal or infant exposure during pregnancy and lactation. Placental transfer of IgG‐based therapeutic proteins may result in systemic exposure to the developing fetus. A lactational transfer may be associated with local gastrointestinal (GI) exposure in the infant and may also result in systemic exposure, although data are very limited as proteins have shown instability in the GI tract. Understanding of PK and pharmacodynamic (PD) effects of IgG‐based therapeutic proteins in infants exposed in utero as well as the potential exposure through human milk and its clinical implications is critical for developing treatment strategies for pregnant or lactating individuals. We share the current knowledge gaps and considerations for future evaluations to inform PK, PD, and the safety of IgG‐based therapeutic proteins for safe use during pregnancy and lactation. With the increasing use of IgG‐based therapeutic proteins in treating chronic diseases during pregnancy and lactation, there is a need to improve the quantity and quality of data to inform the safe use in pregnant and lactating individuals.
Measuring the U.S. monetary noise shocks
Authors: Wu Yi‐Hua , Lai Ching‐Chong
Published: October 2024

Agents' beliefs regarding future monetary policy changes influence their current decisions. However, these expectations may not always materialize in the future. This study shows that the monetary fundamental shocks (exogenous changes consistent with expectations) stabilize output and inflation, while the noise shocks (biased beliefs that fail to be realized in the future) increase economic fluctuations. Moreover, factors that amplify financial frictions—the spread between the capital return of entrepreneurs and the risk‐free interest rate of a central bank—can increase anticipation effects associated with these two types of monetary policy shocks.
Dentigerous cysts in horses: A retrospective study
Authors: Schläpfer M. , Donati B. , Fürst A. E. , Jackson M. A.
Published: October 2024

Background

Dentigerous cysts are well‐known congenital defects in horses, and the literature on this condition is extensive. Recently, a third type of dentigerous cyst, associated with an exostosis arising from the temporal bone, has been described. Today, computed tomography (CT) is often available and provides detailed information about the exact location and extent of dentigerous cysts, allowing for the description of new findings.

Study design

This is a case series outlining the clinical, radiographic and computed tomographic features of dentigerous cysts in seven horses presented to the Equine Clinic at the Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland.

Objectives

The aim of this case series was to describe the radiographic and computed tomographic findings, and the occurrence of exostoses arising from the temporal bone, in horses with dentigerous cysts.

Methods

The medical records of the Equine Hospital at the University of Zurich were reviewed for horses admitted with dentigerous cysts between 2007 and 2023. Data collected and analysed included patient signalment, clinical history, clinical signs and their duration prior to referral, diagnostic imaging results, treatment and outcomes.

Results

The most common location for the cysts was the base of the ear, although in one case, the maxillary sinus was involved. Of the seven cases, four were Icelandic horses. CT proved superior to standard radiography for determining the extent and precise location of the cysts, as well as for identifying dental material and exostoses in the temporal region. CT also facilitated detailed surgical planning. All cysts were surgically removed with good long‐term outcomes.

Main limitations

Overall, the incidence of dentigerous cysts in horses was low. The relatively high occurrence of dentigerous cysts in Icelandic horses in this study is an interesting finding, though the small sample size calls for further research.

Conclusions

Two of the cases in this series were similar to a recently described variant of a ‘temporal dentigerous cyst associated with an exostosis in the temporal region’ and were closely connected to the bony structure and draining tract.
Surviving academia: Narratives on identity work and intersectionality
Authors: Tekeste Milena , Zakariah Amalina , Azer Evronia , Salahuddin Sarah
Published: October 2024

This paper examines the lived experiences of four early career researchers (ECRs), from various intersecting backgrounds, who pursued their degrees at a prestigious UK university. Bonded through solidarity and care, the authors came together in an online writing group (OWG), which serves as a means of liberation from structural, colonial, and patriarchal oppression. Built upon autoethnographic vignettes, this paper reveals fragile narratives to capture subjective experiences of neglect through the lens of intersectionality and Goffmanian “passing” and “revealing”. Motivated to explore the coping mechanisms of marginalized ECRs, this paper's co‐constructed data collection and co‐generative analysis unpack how a meso‐organization (here, the OWG) allows foreign identities to transcend the constraints of the expected academic professional identity; thus freeing authors from stigma. This paper calls for help and advocates for the urgency of support groups for ECRs as they face issues around finances, political conflicts, and family from pre‐ to post‐COVID‐19 pandemic. Additionally, the research challenges internalized norms of academic productivity and responsibilization and calls for a re‐examination of systemic inequalities. By advocating for collaborative autoethnography and embodied personal storytelling, this study contributes to a richer, more inclusive exploration of intersectionality in academia and emphasizes the need for structural reforms to create more equitable academic environments.
Predictive value of urine microscopy and urine culture in bacteraemic adults without localising urinary features
Authors: Young Nicholas , Beaumont Jenna , Maling Alexandra , Hopkins Christopher
Published: October 2024

Background

Urine microscopy (UM) and urine culture (UC) are used in bacteraemic patients to identify a urinary focus of infection. However, their positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) in patients without localising urinary features are uncertain.

Aims

We aimed to determine the predictive value of UM/UC for diagnosing bacteraemic urinary tract infection (bUTI) in bacteraemic patients without localising urinary features.

Methods

A retrospective study of bacteraemic adults was conducted. PPV and NPV of UM/UC for bacteraemic urinary tract infection (bUTI) was determined in two subgroups of patients without localising urinary features: those with an unclear focus of infection, and those with a suspected non‐urinary focus of infection. In those with an unclear focus, univariate analysis for risk factors associated with bUTI was performed.

Results

A total of 871 patients were included. Localising urinary features were absent in 110 of 342 patients (32.2%) with bUTI. In patients with an unclear focus, UM had a PPV of 51.5% and an NPV of 96% for bUTI, and UC had a PPV of 75% and an NPV of 88.6%. In patients with a suspected non‐urinary focus, UM had a PPV of 5.2% and an NPV of 100%, and UC had a PPV of 25% and an NPV of 99.5%. While some risk factors for bUTI in patients with an unclear focus were identified, 22 of 98 patients (22.4%) had bUTI despite no risk factors.

Conclusions

bUTI without localising urinary features is common. In bacteraemia of unclear focus, UM/UC has a high NPV for excluding bUTI, although PPV is limited and non‐urinary foci require consideration despite a positive result. UM/UC is low yield in those with a suspected non‐urinary focus of infection.
Unveiling the role of managerial ability in driving productivity, efficiency, and technological change: Insights from the Asian banking sector
Authors: Amirteimoori Alireza , Jradi Samah , Ruggiero John
Published: October 2024

In today's competitive banking industry, the role of capable managers is crucial for the success of banks in facing various challenges and threats. The importance of measuring managerial ability has gained significant attention among researchers. In this study, we focus on assessing the managerial ability of 166 Asian banks from six different countries over the period of 2014–2020. From a rational point of view, productivity growth in banks can be directly related to effective management, as capable managers enhance the bank's productivity. Therefore, our study investigates the relationship between productivity change in banks and managerial ability. Furthermore, we examine the impact of managerial ability on the components of productivity change, specifically efficiency change and technological change. The findings of our study indicate a positive association between managerial ability and both productivity and efficiency change (EC). However, no significant association is observed between managerial ability and technological change.
Obstetric and neonatal outcomes of immune thrombocytopenic purpura in pregnancy and the role of delta hemoglobin index: A case–control study from a tertiary center
Authors: İpek Göksun , Tanaçan Atakan , Demet Ilım , Ağaoğlu Zahid , Yıldız Esra Gülen , Şahin Dilek
Published: October 2024

Objectives

To evaluate the effect of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) on pregnancies and the role of the delta hemoglobin indices in the evaluation of treatment effectiveness.

Methods

This case–control study was conducted with 23 ITP and 115 low‐risk pregnancies. Obstetric outcomes (fetal growth retardation (FGR), preterm delivery) and neonatal outcomes (weights, APGAR scores, NICU admissions, thrombocytopenia) were recorded. ITP group was subgrouped based on the platelet ratio at the admission for delivery and evaluated the impact of platelet ratios on blood loss amounts at delivery by using delta hemoglobin indices.

Results

Eleven patients received treatment during pregnancy. The gestational age at birth and fetal APGAR scores were lower, and the preterm delivery and FGR rates were higher in the ITP group. Four newborns (17.4%) had thrombocytopenia. There were two postpartum hemorrhages. Newborn platelet counts did not correlate with maternal platelet counts. The study showed no difference in delta hemoglobin counts between the ITP and control groups.

Conclusions

ITP is associated with an increased risk of maternal and fetal complications. The presented study showed by using the delta hemoglobin indices that, hemorrhagic complications could be prevented with appropriate management. Neonatal thrombocytopenia should be considered for all ITP patients.
Comparison of Micro‐CT and Morphometric Outcomes in a Modified Experimental Rat Model of Periodontitis
Authors: Bueno Jaime , Martínez María , Ambrosio Nagore , del Rosal Juan , Robledo‐Montaña Javier , Gamonal Juan D. , Virto Leire , Montero Eduardo , Martín‐Hernández David , Marín María José , Herrera David , Sanz Mariano , García‐Bueno Borja , Leza Juan C. , Haugen Håvard J. , Figuero Elena
Published: October 2024

Aim

To assess the correlation between micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) and linear morphometric measurements in terms of mandibular bone levels in a modified experimental periodontitis model in rodents to study the mechanisms of association between periodontal destruction and neuroinflammation.

Methods

The proposed in vivo experimental periodontitis model involves the administration of oral rinses with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, four times per week during 4, 8 or 12 weeks, in 24 male Wistar Hannover rats (180 g, 5 weeks old). After euthanasia, hemi‐mandibles were collected. One hemi‐mandible was analysed using morphometry, while the other was assessed with micro‐CT. Linear measurements were taken at the buccal aspect and furcation level for both techniques, and volumetric measurements were also obtained with micro‐CT. Passing–Bablok regression analysis was used to compare the results of both techniques, with morphometric measurements serving as the reference. Moreover, Lin's Concordance correlation coefficient was calculated to assess the level of agreement. Periodontal clinical variables with neuroinflammatory parameters from the frontal cortex were used to evaluate the association between the resulting condition and neuroinflammation.

Results

Twenty‐one out of the initial 24 rats were analysed. The micro‐CT linear measurements demonstrated high concordance values with the linear morphometric measurements at the buccal surfaces of the roots in molars (r = 0.714) but not at the furcation area (r = 0.052). At 12 weeks, there was a significant impact on neuroinflammation with significant decreases in iNOS levels and p‐mTOR levels at 4 and 8 weeks.

Conclusion

The proposed in vivo experimental periodontitis model demonstrated a high degree of correlation between morphometric and micro‐CT measurements in buccal areas but not at the furcation level. Concomitantly, there was a significant temporary modulation of the neuroinflammatory response.
Caffeic acid: A game changer in pine wood nematode overwintering survival
Authors: Wang Jianan , Chen Qiaoli , Xu Bihe , Yu Qi , Shen Yulan , Wu Hao , Jiang Shengwei , Zhou Yantao , Li Danlei , Wang Feng
Published: October 2024

Following the invasion by the pine wood nematode (PWN) into north‐east China, a notable disparity in susceptibility was observed among Pinaceae species. Larix olgensis exhibited marked resilience and suffered minimal fatalities, while Pinus koraiensis experienced significant mortality due to PWN infection. Our research demonstrated that the PWNs in L. olgensis showed a 13.43% reduction in lipid content compared to P. koraiensis (p < 0.05), which was attributable to the accumulation of caffeic acid in L. olgensis. This reduction in lipid content was correlated with a decreased overwintering survival of PWNs. The diminished lipid reserves were associated with substantial stunting in PWNs, including reduced body length and maximum body width. The result suggests that lower lipid content is a major factor contributing to the lower overwintering survival rate of PWNs in L. olgensis induced by caffeic acid. Through verification tests, we concluded that the minimal fatalities observed in L. olgensis could be attributed to the reduced overwintering survival of PWNs, a consequence of caffeic acid‐induced stunting. This study provides valuable insights into PWN–host interactions and suggests that targeting caffeic acid biosynthesis pathways could be a potential strategy for managing PWN in forest ecosystems.
The effect of end‐of‐life care awareness education on the knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of intensive care nurses: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Demir Fırat , Polat Dunya Cansu , Özkan İlknur
Published: October 2024

Background

Education in end‐of‐life care (EoLC) is essential for improving the knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of intensive care nurses.

Aim

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of online awareness education, based on the End‐of‐Life Nursing Education Consortium, on the knowledge levels, attitudes and behaviours of intensive care nurses.

Study design

This single‐centre randomized controlled study. This study was performed in a tertiary intensive care unit in a university‐affiliated hospital. Seventy‐six intensive care nurses were selected and equally randomized. In the education, the group was given an EoLC awareness education programme on an online platform as 40–60‐min sessions once a week for 4 weeks. The descriptive Information Form, EoLC Knowledge Test and the Nurses' Attitudes and Behaviours towards the EoLC Scale were used. In the study, intensive care nurses' knowledge, attitude and behaviour levels towards EoLC were evaluated before and after 4 weeks (±3 days) following the education.

Results

When the mean post‐education scores of the nurses in the education group were compared with the control group, it was found that their mean scores on the EoLC Knowledge Test (p = .001, Cohen's d = 1.354, 95% CI = 3.240–6.549), the attitude sub‐dimension (p = .001, Cohen's d = 1.520, 95% CI = 4.510–7.858), the behaviour sub‐dimension (p = .001, Cohen's d = 1.425, 95% CI = 3.206–6.214) and the total attitude and behaviour (p = .001, Cohen's d = 1.927, 95% CI = 8.408–13.643) were statistically significantly higher than those of the control group.

Conclusion

This study showed that EoLC awareness education positively affected nurses' knowledge, attitudes and behaviours. Accordingly, planning EoLC awareness education online at regular intervals may be recommended for intensive care nurses.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Intensive care nurses may be given online EoLC awareness education to positively affect their knowledge, attitudes and behaviours about EoLC. Online EoLC education can be effective in terms of reaching a large number of nurses, time and cost.
Immunohistochemical Evaluation of p300, H2AacK5 and H3AcK27 in Odontogenic Cysts and Tumors
Authors: Carvalho Luciane De Jesus , Guimarães Douglas Magno , Souza Alann Thaffarell Portilho , Balbinot Karolyny Martins , Kataoka Maria Sueli da Silva , Alves Junior Sérgio de Melo , Nunes Fabio Daumas , da Silva Marcos José Custódio Neto , Pinheiro João de Jesus Viana
Published: October 2024

The acetylation of histones H2A on lysine 5 (H2AacK5) and H3 on lysine 27 (H3AcK27) modulate several cellular mechanisms through the p300 enzyme in pathological lesions; however, their role in odontogenic lesions has not been addressed. This study aims to evaluate the immunoexpression of p300, H2AacK5, and H3AcK27 in samples of ameloblastoma (AMB) (n = 30), odontogenic keratocyst (OK) (n = 15), adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) (n = 10), odontogenic fibroma (OF) (n = 8), calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) (n = 8), odontogenic myxoma (MIX) (n = 10), and ameloblastic fibroma (AF) (n = 06). The percentage of p300‐positive cells was higher in AOT and decreased in COC, OK, AMB, AF, OF, and MIX. H2AacK5‐positive cells were higher in AF and decreased in AOT, COC, OK, OF, AMB, and MIX, whereas H3acK27‐positive cells were higher in AOT and decreased in COC, OK, AF, OF, AMB, and MIX. The expression of these proteins was higher in nonaggressive lesions in comparison to aggressive lesions. There was a positive correlation between p300 and H2AacK5, and H3acK27 in AMB, MIX, and OF, whereas there was a positive correlation between p300 and H2AacK5 in AOT and COC. The histone acetylation may be involved in the biological behavior of these lesions, which could be used to improve their diagnosis and treatment.
Shared anthropology of the Middle East: Essays on media in honor of Faye Ginsburg
Authors: Hamdy Sherine , Bishara Amahl
Published: October 2024

The articles in this special issue are the outcome of the panel: “Papers in Honor of Faye Ginsburg: Visual and Media Anthropology in the Middle East,” which was held virtually for the American Anthropological Association Annual Meetings of November 2021. The reach of Ginsburg's work as well as her mentorship through the creation of NYU's Graduate Program in Culture & Media has shaped the ethnography of media and visual anthropology across a diversity of geographic regions. In this particular issue, we bring together scholars of SWANA (Southwest Asia and North Africa, a term that more broadly encompasses what is often referred to as the Middle East) whose projects are deeply influenced by Ginsburg's scholarship on shared anthropology, collaborative media practices and cultural activism. This introduction includes excerpts from a conversation with Ginsburg.