bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF THE DEPENDENCE OF COSTS ON CIVIL SCIENCE FROM THE FEDERAL BUDGET AND THE VOLUME OF INNOVATIVE GOODS, WORKS, SERVICES
Authors: Афанасьев Г.И. , Тимофеев В.Б. , Щелконогова Е.М.
Published: March 2022

В настоящее время большую значимость приобрели инновации. Люди ищут альтернативные решения своих насущных проблем, развивая и продвигая инновационную деятельность. Для каждой страны инновационная деятельность является одним из приоритетных направлений. На него каждый год тратится большие суммы из бюджета. В данной статье будет рассмотрена зависимость суммы, выделяемой на гражданскую науку, и объема стоимости производимых инновационных товаров, работ и услуг. При выполнении работы использованы статистические данные с официального сайта Росстат , а именно расходы на гражданскую науку из федерального бюджета РФ и объем инновационных товаров, работ, услуг за 20102018 гг.

Currently, innovation has gained great importance. People are looking for alternative solutions to their pressing problems, developing and promoting innovative activities. For each country, innovation is one of the priority areas. Large sums from the budget are spent on it every year. Th is article will examine the dependence of the amount allocated to civil science and the volume of the cost of produced innovative goods, works and services. When performing the work, statistical data from the Rosstat offi cial website were used, namely, the costs of civil science from the federal budget of the Russian Federation and the volume of innovative goods, works, services for 20102018.
EFFECT OF IRON AND COPPER LEVELS IN THE DIET OF YOUNG RABBITS TO IT DEPOSITION
Authors: Люднов И.П. , Квартникова Е.Г. , Прадед М.Н.
Published: March 2022

В статье представлены результаты отложения микроэлементов (Fe и Cu) в органах и тканях молодняка кроликов. Установлено, что добавление Cu в количестве 5 и более мг на голову в сутки способствует увеличению её содержания только в почках, добавление 20 мг Fe на голову в сутки приводит к увеличению его содержания в почках, сердце и тазобедренных мышцах, а 30 мг и в печени.

The article presents the results of the deposition of trace elements (Fe and Cu) in organs and tissues of young rabbits. It was found that the addition of Cu in an amount of 5 mg or more per head per day increases its content only in the kidneys, the addition of 20 mg Fe per head per day leads to an increase in its content in the kidneys, heart and hip muscles, and 30 mg in the liver.
CONTENT DEVELOPMENT OF DISCIPLINE «SYSTEM THEORY AND SYSTEM ANALYSIS» FOR IT-BACHELORS
Authors: Андреева В.В.
Published: March 2022

В статье рассматриваются проблемы разработки содержания дисциплины «Теория систем и системный анализ» для ИТ-бакалавров на основе многолетнего исследования государственных образовательных стандартов высшего профессионального образования и намечаются пути их решения.

The article discusses the problems of developing the content of the discipline «System Theory and System Analysis» for IT bachelors based on years of research of state educational standards of higher professional education and outlines ways to solve them.
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTS METHANE’S OXIDATIVE CONVERSION TO SYNTHESIS-GAS
Authors: Кужаева А.А. , Джевага Н.В. , Згонник П.В.
Published: March 2022

В статье рассматриваются особенности каталитической конверсии метана в синтез-газ. Особое внимание уделяется методу паровой конверсии. Приведен обзор химического состава катализаторов и механизма их действия. Увеличение эффективности конверсии, комплексное использование сырья, а также соответствие экологическим нормам технологических процессов при переработке сырья достигается за счет использования высокоэффективных катализаторов. Информация, содержащаяся в статье, может использоваться для определения способов улучшения каталитических систем.

In this article the features of the catalytic conversion of methane to synthesis gas are described. Special attention is given to the method of steam conversion. A review of information on the chemical composition of catalysts is given and assumptions about the mechanism of their action are made. Increasing the depth of conversion and the integrated use of raw materials, as well as ensuring the environmental cleanliness of the technological processes of its processing is achieved by using highly effi cient catalysts. The facts and generalizations contained in the article can be useful in determining ways to improve catalytic systems.
DEFINING THE VOLUMINOUS CONTENT OF CONTAMINANTS IN THE WORKING FLUID OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS OF MACHINES USED IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Шарифов А.Р. , Пириев К.З.
Published: March 2022

В статье рассмотрены конструкция и принцип работы экспресс-анализатора для определения объемного содержания загрязнений в рабочей жидкости гидросистем машин используемых в дорожном строительстве. Приведены расчеты для определения длины заполнения стеклянной трубки частичками загрязнения, объема специального стакана, состоящего из стального усеченного конуса и стеклянной трубки и движения частицы в жидкости.

The article discusses the structure and principle of operation of the express-analyzer for determining the voluminous content of in the working fl uid of hydraulic systems of machines used in road construction. The calculation is given for fi lling the glass tube with particles of contaminants, the volume of a special glass consisting of a steel truncated cone and a glass tube and the movement of a particle in a fl uid.
MODERN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS IN THE ANGARSKY SOR AREA AS A RESULT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL POTENTIAL CHANGES OF THE TERRITORY
Authors: Зенгина Т.Ю. , Пиотровский А.А.
Published: March 2022

На основании данных социологического опроса местного населения дана косвенная оценка влияния современных социально-экономических процессов и антропогенного воздействия на эколого-экономическую ценность экосистемы Ангарского Сора как объекта природопользования. Показано, что более 90 респондентов считают, что природно-ресурсный потенциал территории существенно сократился, а хозяйственная роль сорового пространства значительно уменьшилась или полностью утрачена.

On the basis of the sociological survey data of the local population, an indirect assessment of the impact of modern socio-economic processes and the anthropogenic impact on the ecological and economic value of the ecosystem of the Angarsky Sor as an object of environmental management, is given. It is shown that more than 90 of respondents believe that the natural resource potential of the territory has been signifi cantly decreased, and the economic role of the Angarsky Sor has been signifi cantly reduced or completely lost.
CURRENT STATUS AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS OF TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION IN THE SOUTHERN URALS
Authors: Панина М.В. , Назаренко Н.Н. , Петрушкина Д.C.
Published: March 2022

Рассматриваются пространственные распределения температур и осадков в пределах Южного Урала, выявленные по результатам анализа средних суточных мониторинговых наблюдений. Определены факторы и причины формирования аномальных зон распределения температур и осадков. Выделены экоклиматические кластеры и их пространственное распределение.

Spatial distributions of temperatures and precipitation within the limits of Southern Urals revealed by results of analysis of average daily allowances of monitoring supervision are considered. Factors and the reasons of formation of abnormal zones of distribution of temperatures and precipitation are determined. ecoclimatic clusters and their spatial distribution are allocated.
SPECIFIC FEATURES OF SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF GREEN AREAS IN ALMATY CITY
Authors: Мустафина А.Б. , Зенгина Т.Ю.
Published: March 2022

На основе анализа пространственного размещения озелененных территорий различных категорий г. Алматы и их соответствия нормативам озеленения установлено, что в наименьшей степени город обеспечен озелененными территориями общего пользования, как по их доле в суммарной площади озеленения, так и по показателю душевой обеспеченности (3,8 м2/чел). Проведен анализ распределения зеленых насаждений в структуре города в разрезе административных районов, выявлена существенная неравномерность их распределения и явная тенденция снижения общей площади озеленения к северу.

Based on the analysis of the spatial distribution of green areas of various categories of the city of Almaty and their compliance with the green space requirements, it was established that the city is least provided with green areas of common use, both in their share in the total area of landscaping and in terms of per capita security (3.8 m2/people). The analysis of the distribution of green spaces in the structure of the city in the context of administrative districts has revealed a signifi cant uneven distribution and a clear tendency of reduction of the total area of planting to the north.
Machine Learning Optimization of Lignin Properties in Green Biorefineries
Authors: Löfgren Joakim , Tarasov Dmitry , Koitto Taru , Rinke Patrick , Balakshin Mikhail , Todorović Milica
Published: March 2022

Novel biorefineries could transform lignin, an abundant biopolymer, from byproduct waste to high-value products for a sustainable society. Here we report the optimization of the AquaSolv omni biorefinery for lignin via Bayesian optimization, a machine learning framework for sample-efficient and guided data collection. This tool allows us to relate the biorefinery conditions like hydrothermal pretreatment reaction severity and temperature with multiple experimental outputs such as lignin structural features characterized using 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. By applying a Pareto front analysis to our models, we can find the processing conditions that simultaneously optimize the lignin yield and the amount of \bof{} linkages for the depolymerization of lignin into platform chemicals. Our study demonstrates the potential of machine learning to accelerate the development of sustainable chemical processing techniques for targeted applications and products.
Pendent trifluoroethanol reveals solvation dependent mechanisms of electrocatalytic CO2 reduction by rhenium(I) bipyridine fac-tricarbonyl
Authors: Brennon Bradley , Ngo Danh , Kramer Wesley
Published: March 2022

Local proton sources capable of interacting with catalytic intermediates have been shown to affect proton-dependent reactions. Herein we report the synthesis of a Re(diimine)(CO)3Cl catalyst analog containing a trifluoroethanol-appended bipyridine ligand (bpy-CF3OH), and the corresponding methyl-ether (bpy-CF3OMe) to study the role of the pendent proton donor in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Compared to the parent catalyst, Re(bpy)(CO)3Cl, and Re(bpy-CF3OMe)(CO)3Cl, the alcohol analog revealed additional electrocatalytic features and a 200 mV anodic shift in catalytic onset potential. We also show evidence of proton-coupled electron transfer or hydrogen bond-assisted catalysis in all analogs, detailed by a progressive anodic shift in the main catalytic wave with increasing [H2O] which displays slopes of ~120 mV log[H2O]–1. Multiple catalytic mechanisms appeared to occur simultaneously in all the analogs, and attempts were made to differentiate their dependence on [H2O] and [CO2]. The effect of a local proton source is significant under conditions where [H2O] < 1 M but becomes negligible at high [H2O]. These results suggest that the appended alcohol affects the solvation of the molecule, and may act directly as a proton source or as part of a proton shuttle.
Organosuperbase Catalyzed 1,1-Diboration of Alkynes
Authors: Doan Son Hoai , Ton Nhan Nu Hong , Mai Binh Khanh , Nguyen Thanh Vinh
Published: March 2022

1,1-diboryl alkenes are versatile building blocks in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry. There have been only a small number of established methods to prepare this class of compounds and most of them used transition metal catalysts, which are undesirable in the preparation of bioactive compounds. Herein, we report an unprecedented application of P1-tBu as an organocatalyst to promote 1,1-diboration reactions of unactivated aromatic as well as electron-deficient terminal alkynes. The strong basicity of this phosphazene enables the activation of reaction substrates while its steric bulk allows for high regio- and stereo-selectivity to be obtained. A combination of experimental and computational studies suggests interesting mechanistic insights for these phosphazene-catalyzed diboration reaction, which are also discussed in detail.
Electrostatic Contributions to the Stability of an End-on Cupric Superoxide
Authors: Weberg Alexander B. , McCollom Samuel P. , Murphy Ryan P. , Tomson Neil C.
Published: March 2022

We recently reported the presence of strong, local electrostatic fields in the secondary coordination sphere of a phosphinimine-decorated CuI complex, [(P3tren)CuI]+ (1). Here, we show that the low-temperature oxygenation of 1 yields a long-lived, three-fold symmetric η1-cupric superoxide complex, [(P3tren)CuII(O2)]+ (2). This latter complex was shown to abstract hydrogen atoms from 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxy phenol (KIE = 3.0 ± 0.3) and oxidize a cuprous tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine complex to form a heteroleptic di(cupric)-μ-1,2-peroxide complex (4). The thermal stability of 2 was observed to be uncommonly high for sterically unprotected cupric superoxide complexes in this geometry (t1/2 = 10.4 h at -85 °C). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations implicate a unique electrostatic stabilization of the π*v orbital of the O2 unit, and the thermal stability of 2 is discussed in the context of the CuI/II redox potential of 1, the steric bulk in the complex’s secondary coordination sphere, and intramolecular electrostatic interactions.
Formulation and Characterization of Anti-Bacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Using Root and Leaf of Wedelia trilobata
Authors: Prakash Gnana
Published: March 2022

In the present study one such species, Wedelia trilobata, has be chosen to review the In vitro antibacterial activity of the root extract by using solvent ethanol for the selected plant Wedelia triolobata. The deduction of nanoparticles used to be unalterable by UV-Visible spectroscopy, FTIR, particle size, and zeta potential. The anti-bacterial activity of Wedelia trilobata mediated synthesis silver nanoparticles was tested by disc diffusion assay against standard organisms like Escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The formation of silver nanoparticles by Wedelia trilobata was initially demonstrated by color changes confirmed by UV-Visible root exhibited a specific absorbance peak around 450 nm and leaf exhibited a specific absorbance peak around 418nm respectively. The Zeta potential of silver nanoparticles was found to be root 0.1 and leaf 0.4, so it indicates the dispersion and stability. The antibacterial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus was increased, which was indicated by an increase in the inhibition zone diameter from 3Mm for normal (9.5Mm), standard (12.3Mm), control (11.3Mm), extraction for AgNPs Wedelia trilobata (13.8). 5Mm for normal (7.3Mm), standard (19.4Mm), control (10.5Mm), extraction for AgNPs Wedelia trilobata (19.8). The antibacterial activity against Gram-negative E.coli was increased, which was indicated by an increase in the inhibition zone diameter from 3Mm for normal (7.8Mm), standard (8.5Mm), control (10.2Mm), extraction for AgNPs Wedelia trilobata (14.3). 5Mm for normal (13Mm), standard (19.6Mm), control (15.3Mm) extraction for AgNPs Wedelia trilobata (19.8). The present investigation revealed that the ethanolic Root and aqueous leaf extracts the chosen plant have potential to suppress the expansion of infective bacterial strains.
DNA methylation–independent long-term epigenetic silencing with dCRISPR/Cas9 fusion proteins
Authors: Ding Li , Schmitt Lukas Theo , Brux Melanie , Sürün Duran , Augsburg Martina , Lansing Felix , Mircetic Jovan , Theis Mirko , Buchholz Frank
Published: March 2022

The programmable CRISPR/Cas9 DNA nuclease is a versatile genome editing tool, but it requires the host cell DNA repair machinery to alter genomic sequences. This fact leads to unpredictable changes of the genome at the cut sites. Genome editing tools that can alter the genome without causing DNA double-strand breaks are therefore in high demand. Here, we show that expression of promoter-associated short guide (sg)RNAs together with dead Cas9 (dCas9) fused to a Krüppel-associated box domains (KRABd) in combination with the transcription repression domain of methyl CpG–binding protein 2 (MeCP2) can lead to persistent gene silencing in mouse embryonic stem cells and in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. Surprisingly, this effect is achievable and even enhanced in DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3A and 3B (Dnmt3A−/−, Dnmt3b−/−) depleted cells. Our results suggest that dCas9-KRABd-MeCP2 fusions are useful for long-term epigenetic gene silencing with utility in cell biology and potentially in therapeutical settings.
Improvement of Coplanar Vivaldi Antenna Radiation Patterns with Fractal Structure for Ultra-Wideband Applications
Authors: Agustini Rizqi , Nurhayati Nurhayati
Published: March 2022

The need for telecommunications technology requires fast data transfer and increasing capacity. Therefore, telecommunications technology continues to be developed by creating transmitter and receiver devices that can work at Ultra-Wideband (UWB) frequencies. This study aims to design a coplanar Vivaldi antenna with a fractal structure so that the performance of the antenna radiation pattern can increase to apply UWB frequency. The conventional coplanar Vivaldi antenna, model-A, and Model-B fractal antennas are designed to see the performance of return loss values less than -10 dB, VSWR less than 2, and working frequency of 2-10 GHz. The fractal model is created with a circular repeating structure given at the edges of the antenna patch. From the simulation results, the main lobe value of the conventional Coplanar Vivaldi antenna was 5.21 dBi, the model-A fractal was 7.02 dBi, and the Model-B fractal was 7.84 dBi. The order of the best sidelobe performance at a frequency of 6 GHz is obtained for the model-A fractal of -9 dB. Beamwidth of 46 degrees and the best main lobe direction of 0 degrees is obtained for fractal model-B. By adding a fractal structure, the lobe magnitude/directivity, sidelobe level, beamwidth, and main lobe direction can be improved
Modular Vertical Garden Sebagai Solusi Praktis Urban Gardening Institut Teknologi Nasional
Authors: Alfaatihah Muhammad Syafiqha , Permanasari Maharani Dian , Sudrajat Alia Gita , Kurniatillah Aniq , Shavira Mirza Hasna , Afiff Diza Khadijah
Published: March 2022

ABSTRAKPembangunan kota tanpa diimbangi dengan penyediaan lahan kosong untuk kawasan hijau dapat merusak lingkungan perkotaan. Menurunnya kualitas udara dan peningkatan polusi suara merupakan beberapa efek yang berdampak pada lingkungan hidup penduduk kota. Salah satu alternatif solusi untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut adalah dengan menerapkan vertical garden. Meningkatnya minat urban gardening, khususnya vertikultur, membuka peluang desain vertical garden yang dapat dengan mudah diterapkan di kawasan hunian. Untuk membantu meningkatkan hortikultur perkotaan, perlu dirancang vertical garden dengan mengedepankan ease of use. Penerapan sistem modular merupakan salah satu alternatif solusi untuk mencapai hal tersebut. Tujuan proyek desain ini adalah menghasilkan modular vertical garden system yang menawarkan ease of use untuk membantu penghijauan lingkungan perkotaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan vertical garden sebagai alternatif penghijauan dalam mendukung smart environment. Proses desain menerapkan prinsip design thinking IDEO dengan melakukan identifikasi, pengumpulan dan analisis, brainstorming, pengembangan ide konkrit, dan proses implementasi.Kata kunci: urban gardening, vertical garden, pandemi, modular, ease of useÂ ABSTRACTUrban development without a balance provision of vacant land for green areas can damage the urban environment. Declining air quality and increasing noise pollution are some of the effects that have an impact on the citizen environment. One alternative solution to overcome these problems is to apply a vertical garden. During the Covid-19 pandemic, the increasing interest in urban farming, especially verticulture, opened up opportunities for vertical garden designs that can be easily applied in residential areas. To help improve urban horticulture, it is necessary to design a vertical garden by prioritizing ease of use. The application of a modular system is an alternative solution to achieve this. The purpose of this design project is to produce a modular vertical garden system that offers ease of use to help urban greening. This study uses a qualitative method to describe how to apply a vertical garden as an alternative to greening to support a smart environment. The design process applies IDEO's design thinking principles by identifying, collecting and analyzing, brainstorming, developing concrete ideas, and implementing the process.Keywords: urban gardening, vertical garden, pandemic, modular, ease of use
Analisis Dispersi Karbonmonoksida (CO) dari Transportasi di Jalan HR. Soebrantas Pekanbaru dengan Model Gaussian Line Source
Authors: Fermi M. Iwan , Sasmita Aryo , Elystia Shinta , Alfarobi M. Hardi
Published: March 2022

ABSTRAKJalan HR. Soebrantas diklasifikasikan sebagai jalan arteri yang difungsikan untuk aktifitas pelayanan jasa dan distribusi masyarakat didalam kota. Aktifitas kendaran dijalan ini akan mempengaruhi besarnya emisi gas pencemar udara yang dihasilkan dari kendaraan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengestimasi emisi karbon monoksida (CO) dan memetakan pola dispersinya dari kendaraan yang melintasi Jalan HR. Soebrantas. Metode yang digunakan yaitu mengukur konsentrasi CO, kecepatan dan arah angin, ketinggian knalpot, menghitung jumlah kendaraan (traffic counting) yang melintasi jalan HR. Soebrantas dan dimodelkan dengan Gaussian Line Source. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan konsentrasi CO dari jumlah kendaraan yang diprediksi dengan model Gaussian tertinggi pada hari Senin pukul 16.00-17.00 WIB dengan nilai 5,27x10-8 ppm di titik I dan terendah pada hari Minggu pukul 10.00-11.00 WIB dengan nilai 5,21x10-13 ppm di titik III. Berdasarkan pemetaan model Gaussian, konsentrasi CO tertinggi ditandai dengan area berwarna merah dengan jumlah kendaraan mencapai 10.911 unit/jam.Kata kunci: Kota Pekanbaru, Emisi Transportasi, Dispersi COABSTRACTHR. Soebrantas street is classified as a arterial road that used to service and public distribution activities in the city. Traffic activity at this street will affect the amount of gas pollutant emissions generated from the vehicles. The purpose of this study is to estimate the carbon monoxide (CO) emissions emitted from vehicles and mapping its distribution pattern of from the traffic counting of vehicle at HR. Soebrantas Street. The method used is measuring the concentration of CO, speed and wind directions, exhaust height, traffic counting at HR. Soebrantas Street and modelled by Gaussian Line Source. The results of this study show that the CO concentrations from traffic counting predicted by the Gaussian model is the highest on Monday at 04.00-05.00 P.M with value of 5,27x10-8 ppm at point I and the lowest is on Sunday at 10.00- 11.00 A.M with value of 5,21x10-13 ppm at the point III. Based on mapping from the Gaussian model, the highest CO concentrations is marked with red area with vehicle increasing until 10.911 units/hour.Keywords: Pekanbaru City, Transportation emission, CO dispersion
电磁环境建设项目环保验收现状与建议
Authors: 孟 媛
Published: March 2022

通过梳理电磁环境自主验收工作中存在的问题与不足，建议以改善电磁环境质量为目标，完善法规标准体系，加强事中事后监管，建立信息沟通和协调机制，全面提升监管能力。电磁环境建设项目环保验收现状与建议
化工园区突发水污染事件防控体系建设思考与探索——以 连云港石化产业基地为例
Authors: 王 焯楠
Published: March 2022

论文从化工园区突发水污染事件防控体系建设出发，对化工园区如何开展水污染环境风险防控进行分析，提出体系建设目标、原则和建设思路。以连云港石化产业基地为例，对连云港石化产业基地突发水污染事件防控体系建设情况进行介绍，通过论文的研究和思考，推动化工园区水环境风险管理上升到新的台阶。
《长江保护法》实施背景下水资源保护措施研究——以中 国重庆市万州区为例
Authors: 张 琦 , 王 忱
Published: March 2022

长江作为中华民族母亲河，孕育着华夏儿女向前发展。《中华人民共和国长江保护法》的出台施行形成了对母亲河保护的硬性约束机制，有深远的意义，是长江流域治理和发展史上的一座里程碑。中国重庆市第二大城市万州区是长江第二阶梯主要城市，了解本地区长江流域水资源现状，明晰保护区万州段水资源的保护性措施并针对万州长江流域水资源可能存在的问题提出解决建议。旨在响应国家号召，顺应自然，承担保护生态环境重要责任。
《京津冀协同发展生态环境保护规划》出台的政策议程分 析——基于多源流模型视角
Authors: 欣 曹
Published: March 2022

基于多源流模型的视角，《京津冀协同发展生态环境保护规划》的出台可以看作是问题流、政策流、政治流三流汇聚形成的最终结果。其中，问题流即京津冀地区由来已久的大气污染问题、水环境状况问题、生态环境格局失衡问题；政策流即为官员、专家学者、社会团体等政策共同体有关京津冀生态环境治理的政策讨论及观点主张；政治流则表现为公众对京津冀环境治理的长期的关注和持续性的反馈，以及在焦点事件上的反馈，执政党秉持的新发展理念。三流汇聚之后，政策之窗得以打开，开启政策制定和颁布的正式议程。
水工环地质勘察问题及解决策略研究
Authors: 斌 龚 , 勇 唐
Published: March 2022

论文主要分析了水工环地质勘查的重点，探究了水工环地质勘查存在的问题，最后提出了水工环地质勘查的有效路径，为相关技术人员提供一定的理论参考。
煤矿竣工环保自主验收问题及改进措施
Authors: 瑞 高
Published: March 2022

在煤矿产业的发展环节，由于其产业本身会在生产开采过程中造成一定的污染，就需要在煤矿竣工环节对其环境保护方面的设备和功能进行验收。煤矿产业对于环境会造成很大的危害，如果相关环保措施没有做到位，后果十分严重。近些年来，国家逐渐开始关注矿产行业的污染现象，相关行业就需要通过环保验收环节对煤矿工程的环保能力进行评测，保证其符合相关规范。但是在现阶段的环保竣工验收方面，由于起步较晚等因素，还存在很大的缺陷，就导致相关验收功能方面的丧失，不利于发挥其环保作用。论文就从煤矿竣工的环保自主验收入手，浅谈现阶段环保自主验收环节存在的问题以及改进措施。
“三线一单”理论在规划环评中的运用研究
Authors: 力源 刘 , 云鹏 金 , 燕 马
Published: March 2022

论文运用“三线一单”的理论研究阐述该理论的运用在规划环评中的重要性，重点运用“三线一单”相关理论，采取具体问题具体分析的方式，就“如何降低工业园区前期建设过程中对环境的不利影响”提出一些初步见解，为推动经济与绿色相协调的高质量发展，深入贯彻可持续发展理念提供思路。
浅析高铁车站节能降耗策略
Authors: 楗桦 张
Published: March 2022

高铁车站自开始建设以来，如何降低车站用能就一直是铁路企业关注的重点、管理的难点。目前，中国大部分高铁车站在节能方面沿用着较为粗放的管理模式，造成能源无效损耗，从而形成巨大的浪费。因此，全面改进铁路企业粗放的用能管理模式，在提高能源利用效率方面有着很大的提升空间。论文针对高铁车站能源消耗情况展开进行分析，主要从中央空调、新风系统、照明布局、内控制度、细化措施等方面进行分析，全面解析高铁车站如何提高对能源的利用率，降低无效损耗给出了建议。
浅析建筑工程管理中的全过程造价控制
Authors: 新武 申
Published: March 2022

在社会经济快速进步与发展的过程中，中国建筑行业的整体发展水平有了巨大提升，在城市现代化建设过程中，建筑工程项目的数量及规模越来越大，所以建筑企业的数量也越来越多，整个建筑市场的竞争趋势变得越来越激烈。建筑企业若想实现可持续以及健康发展，那么就需要做好管理工作，论文就工程管理的全过程造价控制进行了论述。
建筑工程招投标监管问题及对策研究
Authors: 羽辰 郑
Published: March 2022

由于市场管理不规范，导致建筑工程招投标管理制度尚不完善。各代理人为了获取承包合同采用了许多不正当的竞争手段，工程招投标中“违规操作”已经蔓延到招投标活动的各个环节，且单个环节行为较难认定为违法违规，给整个建筑行业的健康发展蒙上了阴影。论文主要针对建筑工程招投标监管问题及对策进行研究。
物资设备管理在建筑工程项目中的具体作用
Authors: 羽辰 郑 , 子曦 蒋
Published: March 2022

现代社会的不断发展对建筑工程建设提出了更高的要求，相关单位需要对其加强重视，在实施具体工作时，需要对物资设备管理的价值进行深入分析，确保能够使其应用作用得到更为充分的发挥，论文先分析物资设备管理的重要作用，然后综合探究管理策略，希望工程建设单位能够更为高效的应用物资设备管理。
《建筑工程构造》课程中信息化技术的应用初探
Authors: 婷 林 , 元佳 舒 , 昔云 胡 , 腾 付
Published: March 2022

《建筑工程构造》课程具有知识面广、理论性知识点多、构造图形多等特点，对于空间想象能力、抽象分析能力较弱的高职院校学生来说，学习起来比较困难。科学、合理地运用信息化技术，可以帮助学生更好地直观认识建筑构件，降低了学习难度，增强了课程的趣味性，提高了课程的教学效果，为学生以后学习专业核心课程打好了基础。
中国江西某核电厂地基处理形式及效果技术总结
Authors: 盛春 刘
Published: March 2022

论文总结了中国江西某核电厂在地基处理过程中所采用的形式及达到的良好效果，供后来者在进行复杂地质条件下的地基处理管理中以借鉴和思考。
“文化＋”模式下的城市阅读空间设计探究
Authors: 扬 陈
Published: March 2022

当今时代，文化具有强渗透、强关联的效应，产业大融合背景下，文化产业表现活跃，铸造了“文化+”这个崭新的发展形态。在多元化复合类型阅读空间中，从情感、体验以及光感的层面进行整体设计，为阅读者展现层次丰富、情感独特的阅读空间。
浅析防汛物资储备仓库的现代化管理创新
Authors: 明 李
Published: March 2022

6—9月是中国雨季频繁产生的季节，甚至会出现强降雨或暴雨，导致某些地区受到洪涝灾害的影响，这种问题对于国家经济的发展以及人民群众的生命财产安全造成了威胁。在抗洪抢险的过程中，防汛物资储备仓库具有重要的作用，它们所储备的物资能够为抢险工作的顺利组织和开展提供必要的物资支持，确保相关工作的有序展开。因此，有必要加强防汛物资储备仓库的现代化管理工作，在管理的过程中实现创新发展。在此基础上，论文先对防汛物资的种类进行确认，了解防汛物资储备仓库现代化管理工作的重要价值，并分析在具体管理过程中存在的一些问题，提出具体的管理措施和方法，希望可以更好地保障防汛物资储备仓库现代化管理工作的实际成效。
公共政策视角下城市滨水地区公共空间研究——以中国荆 州市为例
Authors: 沛 刘
Published: March 2022

中国城市滨水地区的公共空间规划和政策没有针对滨水地区全覆盖的公共政策，现有的城市规划管理规划和规范缺少专门的规定，出现了“谁开发谁受益”“谁购买谁拥有”的现象。以城市规划学、城市经济学、城市历史古城保护学、城市规划与公共政策学等多学科为理论基础，从公共政策的视角出发，在滨水地区公共空间层面以中国荆州市为例，对其建设存在的问题进行研究分析，旨在提出适合中国城市滨水地区公共空间保障的政策措施和建议，丰富城市规划编制的内容。
高校景观环境与参与者情感互动关系研究——以中国桂北 地区为例
Authors: 胜兰 雷 , 金苧 韦 , 振学 朱
Published: March 2022

高校景观是高校文化展示的一个重要的载体，其蕴藏的文化可以潜移默化地影响学生的心态和三观，是各高校不可或缺的一部分。许多高校会将传统文化、传统技艺、现代文化、现代技艺等相结合创造出既符合本校文化又符合当代大学生审美潮流的景观设计。
探讨园林景观式生态护坡方案
Authors: 书焕 李
Published: March 2022

在人们生活水平不断提高的过程中，中国居民对日常的生活环境要求越来越高，同时对城市中的园林景观工程的要求也越来越高。为了满足大众居民的要求，更多的园林景观工程企业在生态建设过程中开始将生态治理与景观环境进行结合。从生态护坡开始，积极探索园林景观式的生态护坡方案，从而创造出生态环保且可持续发展的护坡环境。
园林景观地面铺装施工技术分析
Authors: 霜 许
Published: March 2022

地面铺装施工是园林景观工程中的关键构成部分，影响着园林景观效果的呈现。同时，园林地面铺装具有引导、布局与造景等功能，在施工过程中需要做好施工前的准备工作，明确地面铺装的施工要点，提高地面铺装施工质量，优化整个园林景观。
地域文化在环境艺术设计中的传承与创新措施分析
Authors: 晓云 黄
Published: March 2022

环境艺术设计是一门实用性很强的艺术，泛指建筑内外的空间环境的整合设计安排。环境艺术还是一门综合性很强的艺术，建筑学、人类工程学、设计美学、社会学、宗教学以及环境生态学等多个学科都和环境艺术设计有关，要想做好环境艺术设计，就必须综合多方面的考虑促使设计能够满足用户不同层次的需求。地域文化在很大程度上影响环境艺术设计，环境艺术设计受地域文化影响，要想保证环境艺术设计的因地制宜，就必须参考当地地域文化。论文对地域文化在环境设计中的传承与创新展开分析。
Конформация молекул и кристаллическая структура 1,3-дитиоцинов, 1,2,3-тритиоцинов и 1,2,3-тритиепинов с конденсированными планарными фрагментами
Authors: Литвинов И.А.
Published: March 2022

Изучена молекулярная и кристаллическая структура трех циклических соединений с конденсированными нафтильными фрагментами — 1H,5H-нафто[1,8-ef][1,3]дитиоцина, изоморфного ему 1H,5H-нафто[1,8-ef][1,2,3]тритиоцина и изомерного последнему соединения с семичленным гетроциклом 1,5-дигидронафто[2,3-e][1,2,3]тритиепина. Кристаллы первых двух соединений изоструктурные. Показано, что, в отличие от ацеталей аналогичной структуры, в серосодержащих молекулах восьмичленные гетероциклы находятся в конформации ванна, а семичленный цикл — в конформации кресло. Кристаллическая структура исследованных соединений определяется дисперсионными ван-дер-ваальсовыми взаимодействиями.
Использование внутреннего эталона при уточнении параметров элементарной ячейки монокристаллов
Authors: Серебренникова П.C. , Громилов С.А.
Published: March 2022

Описана методика использования внутреннего эталона при уточнении параметров элементарной ячейки монокристаллов. Исследование проведено на монокристальных дифрактометрах Bruker, оборудованных трех- и четырехкружными гониометрами. В основе методики лежит подклеивание эталонного кристалла к изучаемому и дальнейшее определение ориентации каждого относительно осей гониометра. Далее следует вычисление углов для выведения определенных отражений на экваториальную плоскость и запись их профилей путем ω-сканирования. Показано, что при использовании рефлексов с 2θ ≈ 80° процедура съемки и обработки экспериментальных фреймов позволяет проводить измерения межплоскостных расстояний с относительной ошибкой Δd/d ≈ 1·10–4.
Experimental analysis of improved bearing capacity in offshore foundations due to thermal consolidation
Authors: Ferreira Marina de Souza , Albuquerque Junior Fernando Saboya , Tibana Sérgio , Borges Ricardo Garske
Published: March 2022

The anchoring of floating platforms is one of many processes in the oil industry that requires innovative strategies. In this respect, there is interest in developing techniques that improve the shear strength of soft soils in order to increase the bearing capacity of offshore foundations anchored in these soils. Normally consolidated clay soil is known to undergo thermal consolidation when submitted to temperature cycles. The present study aimed to assess the impact of a temperature cycle on soft kaolin clay using a reduced-scale physical model submitted to heating at maximum temperatures of 85 °C and 65 °C, followed by cooling. Variables such as pore pressure, temperature at different soil depths and displacement were monitored during the thermal cycle to better understand the phenomenon. The strength profile before and after heating was determined via T-bar tests conducted in different positions in relation to the heat source. The temperature variation increased the undrained shear strength of the soil directly proportional to the temperature applied and inversely proportional to the radial distance from the heat source, reaching improvements of 123%. In this respect, it is believed that applying a temperature cycle to normally consolidated soft clayey soil can improve the pullout capacity of offshore foundations.
The Jurassic-Cretaceous Paleogeography Of The Sula Area, North Maluku
Authors: Lelono Eko Budi
Published: March 2022

The study of paleogeography and hydrocarbon potentiality of the Sula area, North Maluku has been conducted by the Lemigas Exploration team. This paper specifically presents a paleogeography of the Jurassic-Cretaceous age of the Sula area as a part of the result of this study. In this paper, paleogeography means palaeoenvironment which is defined based on biostratigraphy. Data used in this paper are mostly secondary data obtained from National Data Center which is combined with primary data collected during field work campaign. The subsurface data analysis allows subdivision of 7 depositional sequences throughout Jurassic-Cretaceous succession. In fact, each sequence mostly consists of transgressive and highstand system tracts. Lowstand system tract only occurs in the earliest sequence. Sequences 1 (Bobong Formation), 2, 3 and 4 (Buya Formation) are assigned to the Jurassic age, whilst sequences 5, 6 and 7 (Buya Formation) are attributed to the Cretaceous age. Generally, the depositional environment of most sequences is getting deeper toward the North. The shallowest environment takes place in non-marine setting, whereas the deepest environment occurs in outer neritic (100m-200m). It is most likely that Jurassic-Cretaceous depocenter was situated in the northern part of the study area. However, it is required additional data to confirm this interpretation.
Extraction Of Naphthenic Acid From Indonesian Crude Oils By Methanol-Ammonium Solution
Authors: Lucia Anda
Published: March 2022

Indonesia’s crude oil which has a total acid number (TAN) with a concentration more than 0.5 mg KOH/g are often found. The presence of naphtenic acid tends to increase the value of TAN. The existence of naphthenic acid needs to be reduced to avoid problems in the petroleum refining process because it will cause problems of corrosion, foaming, etc. On the other hand, naphthenic acid may have a value-added as an emulsifier, antiseptics timber, preservatives, and so on. This study extracted naphthenic acid from some Indonesian crude oils which have relatively high TAN value oil with the code A, B and C. Extraction of naphthenic acid from crude B shows quite high results of that is equal to 65.47% with a purity level of 96.6%
Rock Wettability Characteristics Of Some Indonesian Limestones Case Study: Baturaja Formation
Authors: Widarsono Bambang
Published: March 2022

Rock wettability plays a very important role in affecting various rock physical properties such as relative permeability and capillary pressure. Common practice at present is that carbonate rocks are assumed to be preferentially oil wet in nature. This assumption may prove fatal since the need of true knowledge over the real wettability for one’s carbonate reservoir is often neglected, and wettability aspect in reservoir modeling is in turn based on assumption. To prove over reliability of the assumption a study is carried out using information from 350 core samples taken from Baturaja Formation. The choice for the Baturaja limestone is basically based on the fact that it is a mature productive rock formation and its extensive spread into three of the most productive sedimentary basin in Indonesia, Northwest Java Basin, South Sumatra Basin, and Sunda Basin. The study proves that the assumption of the generally oil wet limestone does not apply for Baturaja limestone. The Baturaja limestone tend to exhibit, quantitatively, equality in their tendency towards oil wettability and water wettability and leave some proportion to neutral or mix wettability as well. However, when a more detailed comparison is made results show that qualitatively the limestone are indeed more inclined to oil wettability than water wettability even though this finding is insufficient to support a conclusion that the Baturaja limestone are specifically oil wet. Other finding from comparison with past studies also shows that limestone may behave in the way sandstones do. Both limestone and sandstones may vary in the same way and no assumption over their preferential wettability is justified without direct measurements. Wettability alteration as the result of hot core cleaning following the widely accepted standard procedure is also strongly indicated. It is therefore concluded that the practice has to be abandoned for a better and reliable laboratory testing results.
Polymer Properties Determination For Designing Chemical Flooding
Authors: Sugihardjo Sugihardjo
Published: March 2022

Waterflooding became the standard practice in many reservoirs formation in petroleum industries, the strengths and weaknesses of the methods were quite well established. In particular, the inefficiency of the waterflood oil displacement mechanism as a result of either an unfavorable mobility ratio or heterogeneity was largely identified. Therefore, chemicals injections as the improvement displacement processes had been proposed to support petroleum industries to recover the production of oil. Chemical injection normally consists of alkaline, surfactant, and polymer (ASP). They could be injected as standalone fluid or mixture of fluids; it depends upon the injection fluid design appropriate for particular field. Polymer solution could be prepared for mixtures of injection fluid and or as chase fluid injection which is injected behind surfactant or ASP. The main function of polymer solution primarily is to viscosity the injection water as a mobility control. This work is proposed to determine the important polymer properties which are suitable for mobility control in such EOR plan in the particular field. This field is sandstone reservoir with oil gravity of 23 to 26oAPI and viscosity of 3cp at 90oC. Two kinds of polymers have been chosen such as: HPAM-1 and HPAM-2 and subject to be tested for the properties characteristic. Intensive works have been done to evaluate the bulk polymer properties at laboratory scale which include rheology, filtration, thermal stability, retention/adsorption, and injectivity or permeability reduction tests. The results indicated that HPAM-1 polymer is suitable for injection fluid design for Zone-B while HPAM-2 for Zone-A.
The Importance Of Litho-Facies Distinction In Determining The Most Representative Cementation Factors For Well-Log Evaluation : An Old Issue Persistently Neglected
Authors: Widarsono Bambang
Published: March 2022

Cementation factor is a parameter always required in any conventional open-hole log analysis leading to determination of water saturation. Considering the central of water saturation in the estimation of hydrocarbon in place and reserves, any error in the use of the parameter may prove fatal. A common practice in the oil industry is that acquisition of laboratory-derived cementation factor has never been given a proper attention. It occurs very often that too few samples – hardly represent the rocks of reservoir of concern – are assigned for laboratory test. The practical use of the parameter in the log analysis also often draw question, in which un-representative cementation factor is arbitrarily used due to lack of the data. The effect of this practice has long been known but is often neglected – with all of its consequences – up to present day. This study tries to revive the awareness through presenting a fact that cementation factor may vary due to differences in litho-facies characteristics. Formation resistivity factor data from forty-seven limestone coreplug samples were taken from a West Java (WJ) field. Visual description over the samples has shown that they belong to several litho-facies types. Results of the study have mainly proved that different litho-facies type may have significantly different cementation factors. An averaging effect is also obvious when data from all samples are processed collectively. The effect of improper use of cementation factor is shown through the application of three water saturation models through which erroneous water saturation estimates are produced. The finding of the study is again hoped to reinforce the awareness of the use of proper and representative cementation factor
Ranking Of Indonesia Sedimentary Basin And Storage Capacity Estimates For Co2 Geological Storage
Authors: Iskandar Utomo P , Sofyan Sudarman , Usman Usman
Published: March 2022

The various possible strategies to combat global warming are explored within a wideranging of efforts. Practical solutions will need to stop or even reverse the build-up of CO2 in the environment by using existing technology that has not been integrated, carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) (Hansson, 2008). The main objectives of this study are to develop criteria for sedimentary basins ranking system in terms of their suitability for CO2 storage and estimate the storage capacity available. We adapt the method developed by Bachu (2003) to the Indonesia geological characteristics. Once the criteria has been developed and the basins ranked based on their suitability, oil and gas fields located within these basins were estimated their potential storage capacity using the methodology developed by Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum (CSLF). From 60 identified sedimentary basins, Kutei, Tarakan and South Sumatera basins are respectively positioned in top three of the ranking system. Well known geological structure, adequate data, relatively stable geological structure and established infrastructures are the main factors make these basins have higher suitability. Estimation result showed from 48 fields that are considered depleted from their Np/Ult ratio (hydrocarbon cumulative production over ultimate recovery), Riau and South Sumatera region have large storage capacities which are around 229 and 144 MtCO2 respectively. The ranking of Indonesia sedimentary basins can then be used in making decisions for the large-scale implementation of CCS Project. The potential storage capacity might increase as data more available. The estimates resulted from this study is not a conclusive estimation where degree of geological and economic uncertainty associated with a capacity estimate is still high. However, from this estimation shows that Indonesia has huge potential of CO2 storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs
Ajuste escolar, clima escolar y apoyo social en bachilleres
Authors: Pérez Pulido Ignacio , Zamora Betancourt María del Rosario , Caldera Montes Juan Francisco , Reynoso González Oscar Ulises , Cadena García Alexa , Mora García Olga
Published: March 2022

El trabajo tuvo como objetivos identificar la relación entre el ajuste escolar, el clima escolar y el apoyo social en bachilleres, comparar dichas variables conforme al sexo de los participantes y reconocer la fuerza de las dimensiones del clima escolar y del apoyo social en la predicción del ajuste escolar. La muestra estuvo conformada por 967 estudiantes. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la Escala Multi-dimensional Breve de Ajuste Escolar (EBAE-10), la Escala de Clima Escolar (CES) y la Escala de Apoyo Social Familiar y de Amigos (AFA-R). Se detectaron diferencias significativas por sexo y correlaciones bajas entre las variables estudiadas. Mediante un análisis de regresión logística bino-mial se generó un modelo que contempla las di-mensiones del clima escolar, el apoyo social y el sexo en la predicción del ajuste escolar, siendo el apoyo de amigos el predictor de mayor peso. Se constata la relevancia de las variables estudiadas para lograr un adecuado ajuste escolar y se reco-mienda la promoción de acciones para incrementar el apoyo social y mejorar los ambientes de estudio en las comunidades escolares.
TÜRKİYE’DE KUR- ENFLASYON GEÇİŞKENLİĞİ ÜZERİNE EKONOMETRİK BİR ANALİZ
Authors: ŞEKER Hilal
Published: March 2022

Türkiye gibi gelişmekte olan ülkelerde, sermaye hareketlerinin serbestliği, dışa bağımlılık, ithalat eğiliminin ve dolarizasyonun yüksek olması gibi nedenlerle döviz kurları, her zaman enflasyon dinamiklerinin temel faktörlerinden biri olmuştur. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmada 2004-2021 döneminde enflasyon oranları ve döviz kuru arasındaki ilişkilerin ortaya konması hedeflenmektedir. Bu bağlamda enflasyon ve kur ilişkisinin incelenmesinde, Tüketici fiyat endeksi (TÜFE), Üretici fiyat endeksi (ÜFE), Reel döviz kuru serilerinden faydalanarak VAR modeli oluşturulmuş, Granger Nedensellik Analizinin yanısıra Tado-Yamomata Nedensellik analizi yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular beklenildiği gibi, KUR değişkeninden, ÜFE’ye ve TÜFE’ye, ÜFE’den TÜFE’ye tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkilerinin var olduğunu göstermektedir. Kur değişimlerinin hem ÜFE üzerinden dolaylı olarak, hem de doğrudan TÜFE üzerinde iki farklı kanaldan etkili olduğunu işaret etmektedir. Varyans ayrıştırma sonuçlarına baktığımız zaman, kur değişiminin TÜFE’deki değişimin %37’sini, ÜFE’deki değişimin ise %61,6 kadarlık kısmını açıkladığını görmekteyiz. Elde edilen bulgular Türkiye’de kur geçişkenliğinin söz konusu dönem için geçerli olduğuna işaret etmektedir.
DETERMINATION OF RETAILER’S OPTIMAL POLICY IN A PRICE-SENSITIVE INVENTORY MODEL FACILIATING TWO TYPES OF PAYMENT SCHEME FOR THE CUSTOMERS
Authors: Adhikari Subhankar
Published: March 2022

This article investigates the effect of implementation of two types of payment scheme to the customer by a retailer in an inventory system. Our study is to determine optimal cycle time and selling price of a commodity when two types of payment scheme namely immediate payment scheme as well as trade credit policy are available to the customer. In reality, two trends of payment scheme are available in business world. Some people want to pay immediately after purchase while some favors some time delay in payment. From retailer’s point of view, in many situations, retailer faces scarcity of capital to start his business. Now- a- day bank loan is available to the retailer at ease. We formulate a mathematical model keeping in mind all these things. Two tier credit policies have been considered. First of all, bank offers a delay period to repay loan. Secondly, retailer also offers a credit period to customer. Different cases possible owing to variable duration of credit periods. Our ultimate goal is to optimize retailer’s profit for different cases arisen in the model. A numerical example has been posed and discussed in support of the model.
Reflection of Disaster Perception on Student Posters in the Context of Art Education
Authors: KARTOPU Seçil
Published: March 2022

Globalization and rapid advancement of technology cause not only information but also visual information to increase. This situation brings a visually rich world and visual information age. In the visual information age, visual content plays a role in every aspect of our lives. Art and art education have a great role in the meaning, evaluation, classification and perception of this visual world, which affects human life positively or negatively. Art is not only a reflection of pleasant feelings and beauties, but also an expression of fears, pain and sorrow. In this process, posters and images on posters have a special importance. The informative function of graphic design, which is one of the visual communication arts, and the poster design in particular, and its efforts to find solutions to problems with creative ideas contribute to society. One of them is the use of posters and images in natural disasters. In this research, it is aimed to determine how the disaster perceptions of university students in the context of art education are reflected in their poster designs. For this purpose, a total of 54 students were studied. At the end of the research, it was determined that the majority of the students covered the subject of earthquake and fire on their posters. The majority of the students who read the earthquake subject reflected yellow and brown colors as the main-natural colors on their posters. On the other hand, they reflect black, red and white colors on their posters as text colors to attract attention and highlight. It has been found that the majority of the students who dealt with the subject of fire reflected the colors red, orange, yellow as the main-natural color on their posters and they reflect blue and gray colors on their posters to attract attention and as text colors. Öğrencilerin ülkemizde yaşanan afetlerden etkilendikleri renk seçimlerinde açıkça ortaya çıkmıştır. It was clearly revealed in the color choices that the students were affected by the disasters in our country. It is recommended to carry out more detailed studies on this subject.