bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A review of indoor-orbital electrical inspection robots in substations
Authors: Dong Lijun , Chen Naichao , Liang Jiawen , Li Tingting , Yan Zhanlin , Zhang Bing
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to provide an in-depth understanding about the indoor-orbital electrical inspection robot, which is useful for motivating the further investigation on the inspection of electrical equipment. Currently, electric energy has a strong correlation with the economic development of the country. Intelligent substations play an important role in the transmission and distribution of the electricity; the maintenance of the substation has attracted intensive attention due to the requirement of reliability and safety. The indoor-orbital electrical inspection robot has increasingly become the main tool to realize the unmanned. Hence, a systematic review is conducted systematically reviewing the current technical status of the indoor-orbital electrical inspection robot and discuss the existed problems.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, the most essential achievements in the field of indoor-orbital electrical inspection robots were reported to present the current status, and the mechanical structures and key inspective technologies were also discussed.

Findings

Four recommendations are provided from the analyzed review, which have made constructive comments on the overall structural design, functionality, intelligence and future development direction of the indoor-orbital electrical inspection robot, respectively.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first systematic review study on indoor-orbital electrical inspection robots; it fills the theoretical gap and proffers design ideas and directions for the development of the indoor-orbital electrical inspection robot.
A multi-method study on the barriers of the blockchain technology application in the cold supply chains
Authors: Chavalala Makungu Meriot , Bag Surajit , Pretorius Jan Harm Christiaan , Rahman Muhammad Sabbir
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The cold supply chain industry is still emerging and digital transformation is in the nascent stage in this industry. This paper argues that there are various barriers to implementing blockchain technology in the cold supply chain and aims to develop and validate a model for overcoming key barriers to implementing blockchain technology in the cold supply chain.

Design/methodology/approach

The adoption of blockchain technology was proposed through interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and further it is validated using structural equation modeling (SEM).

Findings

In this study, ten key barriers to implementing blockchain technology in the cold supply chain were identified, modelled and analysed. Poor leadership style of top management was found to be the most important barriers to implementing blockchain technology in the cold supply chain. The results of SEM indicate that all the paths are supported. The findings showcase the barriers responsible for the lack of blockchain technology infrastructure that ultimately impacts the cold supply chains.

Practical implications

This study highlights the fact that the fate of blockchain technology infrastructure development depends on the leadership style of top management. Demonstrating good leadership style by top management can help overcome the barriers. A good leader pulls the entire team instead of pushing the team. A good leader can guide the entire team to improve IT governance, financial investment, digital footprint, digital readiness, skills and collaboration with service providers to implement blockchain technology. Not only that, a good leader provides mental strength to the team and helps overcome the fear of implementing blockchain in the cold supply chain. A good leader demonstrates good administrative skills and focus on security and privacy policies.

Originality/value

This is a novel contribution towards analysing the key barriers to implementing blockchain technology in the South African cold supply chain using the integrated ISM–MICMAC and SEM approach.
Investor bias, risk and price volatility
Authors: Polat Ali Yavuz
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This study proposes a framework based on salience theory and shows that focusing on one type of risk (idiosyncratic or systemic) can explain overpricing of securities ex ante, and resales at low prices during crisis periods.

Design/methodology/approach

The author consider an overlapping generations (OLG) model where each generation lives for two periods and there is no population growth. Agents (investors) start their lives with an endowment W > 0 and have mean-variance utility. They invest their endowment when young and consume when old. Each period, the young investors optimally choose their portfolio from different risky assets acquired from the old generation, all assumed to be in fixed supply.

Findings

The author show that investor salience bias can explain excess volatility of asset prices and the resulting fire-sales in periods of financial turmoil. A change in salience – from one component (idiosyncratic) to the other (systemic) – will generate excess volatility. Interestingly, higher risk aversion generally exacerbates the excess volatility of prices. Moreover, the model predicts that if a big systemic shock hits the financial system, due to salience bias the price of systemic assets falls sharply. This relates to the observed fire-sales of assets during the global financial crisis.

Practical implications

The proposed model and results suggest that there may be a scope for intervention in financial markets during turbulences. In terms of ex ante policies the study suggests that investors and regulator should use better risk assessment technologies.

Originality/value

This is the first study constructing a tractable model based on the argument that investor salience may exacerbate the excess volatility of prices during financial downturns. The author relate salience to two types of risk; idiosyncratic and systemic and assume that investors' risk perception is biased towards the type of risk that is currently salient based on prior beliefs or past data. The author show that the diversification fallacy of the precrisis period, where seemingly safe assets were overpriced, can be explained by agents overweighing idiosyncratic risk and ignoring systemic risk.
Airline company's resource reallocation using network centralized data envelopment analysis with slack-based measure
Authors: Lim Chaehwan , Kim Gyuseung , Ha Hun-Koo
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Since airlines that employ their resources effectively will achieve operating profitability, air route resource allocation is significant for airlines. This study aims to investigate an appropriate model to reallocate resources into each air route of an airline company.

Design/methodology/approach

This study proposes a network centralized data envelopment analysis (DEA) models with slack-based measure (SBM). The proposed model not only takes into account the two interconnected stages but also considers the nonradial approach with transfer-in and transfer-out slacks for resource reallocating. Furthermore, the authors modify the objective function to an input-oriented function with SBM, and divide the model into passenger and freight parts, which makes the model more realistic for the characteristic of air routes.

Findings

The empirical analysis using an airline company's internal data provides airline operators with information on how they increase or decrease input resources, which can serve as a practical guideline of resource reallocation. Specifically, the results indicate that the airline company should increase their input resources into long-haul air routes such as KOR-OCN while decreasing their input resources into short-haul air routes such as Korean-Oceania (KOR-OCN), Korean-Chinese (KOR-CHN), Korean-Southeast Asian (KOR-SEA), Korean-Japanese (KOR-JPN).

Originality/value

Although some papers evaluate air route efficiencies based on the DEA approach, a few existing papers have addressed resource allocation for air routes. This paper is the first to study the resource reallocation for air routes based on the DEA approach, contributing to the literature in expanding the scope of research on resource reallocation.
Metadata quality matters in open government data (OGD) evaluation! An empirical investigation of OGD portals of the GCC constituents
Authors: Chokki Abiola Paterne , Alexopoulos Charalampos , Saxena Stuti , Frénay Benoît , Vanderose Benoît , Ali Mohsan
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The study seeks to investigate the quality of metadata associated with the open government data (OGD) portals of the six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) constituents – Bahrain (BH), Kuwait (KW), Oman (OM), Qatar (QA), Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative framework, supported by extant literature, is adopted to assess the metadata quality of the six OGD portals of the GCC constituents.

Findings

Among the six GCC countries, QA has the most advanced OGD metadata quality followed by KSA, UAE, OM, BH and KW. Furthermore, the OGD metadata quality (MQ) of UAE and OM stand at the same pedestal whereas BH and KW OGD portals are lagging behind.

Originality/value

While the OGD quality has been investigated in extant literature, the MQ of the OGD portals for the GCC countries has not been investigated so far – the present study seeks to plug this gap.
Applying mixed methods to explore lighter and darker shades in hybrid dark tourism experiences
Authors: Hwang YooHee , Park Eunkyoung , Lee Choong-Ki , Son Hea-Jin , Olya Hossein
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the lighter (entertainment and esthetic experiences) and darker sides (educational and escapist experiences) of dark tourism experiences. This study also examines the effect of lighter and darker sides of dark tourism experiences on functional and emotional value.

Design/methodology/approach

To investigate how and where visitors experience lighter and darker sides of dark tourism, the authors conducted in-depth interviews from visitors to the Korean demilitarized zone (DMZ). To demonstrate consequences of lighter and darker sides of dark tourism experiences on functional and emotional value, the authors collected field survey data. Taken together, the authors used mixed methods with exploratory sequential design.

Findings

Interviewees vividly described their entertainment (crossing the suspension bridge) and esthetic experiences (seeing a family of crane birds from a short distance) in the Korean DMZ. They also described educational (understanding the background of the civil war) and escapist experiences (limiting daily entries made them feel like they were entering a special place or even a foreign country). Survey results showed that educational and esthetic experiences increased emotional value, while educational and escapist experiences enhanced functional value of a tour of the Korean DMZ.

Originality/value

Previous research operationalized lighter and darker sides of dark tourism based on characteristics of dark tourism sites. Specifically, darker and lighter aspects of dark tourism were determined, depending on whether such sites are directly related to human death or not. However, the current study draws on tourist experiences to operationalize lighter and darker sides of dark tourism. While previous research focused on the supply side, this study shifts focus to the demand side, thereby advancing knowledge in hybrid dark tourism experiences.
Plant and herbivorous insect communities respond in complex ways to rainfall manipulation in an oak savanna grassland
Authors: Smith Lauren J. , Williams Jennifer L.
Published: November 2022

Changes in precipitation due to climate change will have consequences for plant and herbivorous insect communities alike. Multiple hypotheses explain how changes in plant diversity and productivity can lead to changes in herbivore community composition. Yet as rainfall patterns change, the bottom‐up effects on the relationships between plant and herbivore communities are less well understood.

Using a long‐term rainfall manipulation experiment in a remnant patch of Garry oak (Quercus garryana) savanna, we examined how plant diversity and productivity have responded to variation in soil moisture over 6 years. This highly endangered ecosystem is predicted to experience significantly wetter springs and drier summers by 2080. We also investigated plant‐mediated, indirect effects of manipulated rainfall on herbivore diversity and abundance, drawing on multiple hypotheses describing the relationships between plant and herbivore communities. For example, the more individuals hypothesis predicts that increased plant productivity results in increased herbivore abundance which, in turn, results in increased herbivore diversity.

We found that plant productivity was influenced by soil moisture, but the direction and magnitude of the response varied across years, and found no support for plant diversity influencing productivity. We also found that the cover and productivity of grasses increased significantly with increasing precipitation. In addition to a direct negative effect on herbivore diversity, soil moisture had an indirect negative effect on herbivore abundance, via the negative effect of plant productivity on abundance, contradicting the more individuals hypothesis.

Synthesis. Our results highlight that not only can drought result in significant reductions in plant productivity in this threatened ecosystem, but that these changes will also result in increases in herbivore abundance. In contrast, where soil moisture is higher, grasses will become more dominant resulting in decreased herbivore abundance. Ultimately, predicting how this system responds to changes in precipitation will depend on the ability to predict whether growing season soil moisture will be consistently drier or wetter in the future, a significant challenge. Going forward, investigating how variation in precipitation due to climate change affects the links between trophic levels, including how herbivores affect plant communities, remains critical for understanding ecosystem processes and stability.
Differential impacts on herbivore diversity and scale dependence of tree diversity in subtropical forests
Authors: Li Yi , Wang Ming‐Qiang , Chesters Douglas , Anttonen Perttu , Guo Shi‐Kun , Guo Peng‐Fei , Chen Jing‐Ting , Ma Keping , Bruelheide Helge , Schuldt Andreas , Zhu Chao‐Dong
Published: November 2022

Plant diversity has been found to increase herbivore diversity, including abundance, species richness and phylogenetic diversity. However, it is yet to be established at which spatial scale these effects are strongest, because host finding and community assembly may be shaped by host diversity both in local habitat patches and at larger scales.

Using arthropod herbivore data collected from a large biodiversity and ecosystem function experiment in China (BEF‐China), we analysed how habitat patch (individual study plots) and larger‐scale (surrounding study plots) tree diversity relates to species richness, abundance, functional diversity and phylogenetic diversity of herbivore assemblages on focal plants.

Tree diversity of both the focal habitat patch and larger‐scale patch neighbourhood affected herbivore diversity patterns and host plant selection, with the effect being greater for the former. Furthermore, focal and neighbouring trees that are phylogenetically related were found more likely to share similar herbivores.

Synthesis. By focusing on tree diversity effects of both the local habitat patch and wider patch neighbourhoods, our findings highlight the importance of considering additional scales to give a more nuanced understanding of the mechanisms underlying herbivore community structure and diversity patterns in species‐rich forests.
Metatranscriptomes reveal the diverse responses of Thaumarchaeota ecotypes to environmental variations in the northern slope of the South China Sea
Authors: Lu Ye , Lv Yongxin , Zhang Yu , Liu Qian , Xu Xuewei , Xiao Xiang , Xu Jun
Published: November 2022

Thaumarchaeota are among the most abundant prokaryotes in the ocean, playing important roles in carbon and nitrogen cycling. Marine Thaumarchaeota ecotypes exhibit depth‐related diversification and seasonal changes. However, transcriptomic activities concerning niche partitioning among thaumarchaeal ecotypes remain unclear. Here, we examined the variations in the distribution and transcriptomic activity of marine Thaumarchaeota ecotypes. Three primary ecotypes were identified: a Nitrosopumilus‐like clade; a Nitrosopelagicus‐like water column A (WCA) clade, thriving in epipelagic water; and a water column B (WCB) clade, dominant in deep water. Depth‐related partitioning of the three ecotypes and the seasonal variability of the WCA and WCB ecotypes were observed. Nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll α and salinity were the primary environmental factors. The relative abundance of the WCA ecotype and its transcript abundance of amoA gene were positively correlated with chlorophyll α and salinity, while the WCB ecotype was positively correlated with nitrate and phosphate. Based on high‐quality metagenome‐assembled genomes, transcriptomic analysis revealed that the three ecotypes exhibited various co‐occurring expression patterns of the elemental cycling genes in the nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus, and sulfur cycles. Our results provide transcriptomic evidence of the niche differentiation of marine Thaumarchaeota ecotypes, highlighting the diverse roles of ecotypes and WCA subclades in biogeochemical cycles.
Middle and high school math teaching for students with mild intellectual disability
Authors: Hord Casey
Published: November 2022

The author briefly reviews studies on the math teaching of secondary school students with mild intellectual disabilities. Then, the author demonstrates ways to teach secondary‐level mathematics to students with mild intellectual disabilities. In this article, readers will learn about how to use manipulatives, diagrams, and gestures to support students' thinking. Readers will also learn how to make connections between new and challenging math content to students' experiences inside and outside of school to support them as they think through mathematics.
Symbiotic bacteria stabilize the intestinal environment by producing phenylpropanoids
Authors: Hu Geng , Liu Liying , Miao Xiuxiu , Zhao Yanan , Peng Yanan , Li Xianyao
Published: November 2022

Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) can colonize in the intestinal tract of chickens and transmit to humans. In order to decrypt the mechanism of avian resistance to S. Enteritidis, we utilized two China local chicken breeds to generate the reciprocal crosses (the Cross and the Reverse‐cross). The two lines of hybrids were orally inoculated with S. Enteritidis at 2‐day old and sampled at 3 days post‐inoculation. Along the analysis direction of multi‐omics, differential metabolites, functional pathways and correlated microbes, we found that 12 species of microbes thrived upon S. Enteritidis challenge and probably contributed to the intestinal stability in the Cross by enhancing the production of phenylpropanoids. Our findings can help to understand the symbiotic and resistant mechanisms derived from the intestinal microbiota.
Variations in the morphology of apical constriction affecting electronic readings: An in vitro investigation using 3D‐printed tooth models
Authors: Nam Juhee , Piasecki Lucila , Kwak Doun , Hong Jung Hwa , Jung Il‐Young , Park Sung‐Ho , Cho Sin‐Yeon
Published: November 2022

We investigated the interference of apical constriction position and diameter on the accuracy of electronic apex locators using 3D‐printed tooth models. Single‐rooted tooth models with the same length, canal taper and major foramen, but variation in apical constriction position or size, were designed and 3D‐printed. A mounting model was custom‐made for precise measurement of both marks (0.5 and APEX/0.0) of two electronic apex locators. The electronic measurements of both devices were correlated significantly to the major foramen rather than apical constriction. The mean measurements of the group with 0.45 mm in apical constriction width were significantly shorter than those of the other groups for both marks of the two devices (p < 0.05). The variations in apical constriction position and width negatively affected the precision of the 0.5 mark of the tested devices. The 0.0 or APEX mark was consistently located the major foramen.
Continuous‐flow left ventricular assist devices associated survival awaiting heart and heart‐kidney transplant
Authors: Weber Matthew P. , O'Malley Thomas J. , Maynes Elizabeth J. , Choi Jae Hwan , Morris Rohinton J. , Massey H. Todd , Tchantchaleishvili Vakhtang
Published: November 2022

Background

Improvement in continuous‐flow left ventricular assist device (CF‐LVAD) technology has translated to better outcomes for patients on CF‐LVAD support as a bridge‐to‐transplant. However, data are lacking regarding the subset of CF‐LVAD patients with renal failure awaiting simultaneous heart‐kidney transplant (HKTx). We sought to better understand the characteristics and outcomes of patients in this group.

Methods

The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database was used to identify adult patients listed for heart transplant (HTx) or HKTx from January 1, 2009 to March 31, 2017. Patients were followed from time on waitlist to either removal from waitlist or transplantation. Demographic and clinical data for HTx and HKTx patients were assessed. Kaplan–Meier analysis assessed waitlist and post‐transplant survival. For waitlisted patients, both death and removal from the waitlist due to deteriorating medical condition were considered events.

Results

Overall, 26 638 patients registered for transplant were analyzed. 25 111 (94%) were listed for HTx, and 1527 (6%) for HKTx. 7683 (29%) patients listed for HTx had CF‐LVAD support. For those listed for HKTx, 441 (28%) underwent dialysis alone, 256 (17%) had CF‐LVAD support alone, and 85 (6%) were treated with both CF‐LVAD and dialysis. 15 567 (58%) underwent HTx, and 621 (2%) underwent HKTx. In these groups, post‐transplant survival was similar (p = 0.06). Patients listed for HKTx treated with both dialysis and CF‐LVAD had significantly worse waitlist survival compared to HKTx recipients (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Post‐transplant survival is comparable between HTx and HKTx, and early survival is similar between HTx patients and those listed for HTx with CF‐LVAD support. However, outcomes on the waitlist for HKTx in CF‐LVAD patients on dialysis is significantly worse compared to HKTx recipients. This highlights the need to better account for this patient population when allocating organs.
Discussion on “Instrumental Variable Estimation of the Causal Hazard Ratio,” by Linbo Wang, Eric Tchetgen Tchetgen, Torben Martinussen, Stijn Vansteelandt
Authors: Frandsen Brigham Russell
Published: November 2022

Wang, et al.'s estimator for causal hazard ratios for endogenous treatments makes an important addition to a researcher's toolkit for analyzing censored duration outcomes. Their method complements existing methods in the semiparametric treatment effects literature and suggests useful avenues for future research.
Diabetic and stress‐induced hyperglycemia in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: A multicenter prospective cohort (CHEERY) study
Authors: Chen Shaoli , Wan Yan , Guo Hongxiu , Shen Jing , Li Man , Xia Yuanpeng , Zhang Lei , Sun Zhou , Chen Xiaolu , Li Gang , He Quanwei , Hu Bo
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Admission hyperglycemia is a common finding after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) secondary to pre‐existing diabetes mellitus (DM) or stress‐induced hyperglycemia (SIH). Studies of the causal relationship between SIH and ICH outcomes are rare.

Aim

We aimed to identify whether SIH or pre‐existing DM was the cause of admission hyperglycemia associated with ICH outcomes.

Methods

Admission glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), glucose levels, and comorbidity data from the prospective, multicenter cohort, Chinese Cerebral Hemorrhage: Mechanisms and Intervention Study (CHEERY), were collected and analyzed. According to different admission blood glucose and HbA1c levels, patients were divided into nondiabetic normoglycemia (NDN), diabetic normoglycemia (DN), diabetic hyperglycemia (DH), and SIH groups. Modified Poisson regression models were used to analyze ICH outcomes in the different groups.

Results

In total, 1372 patients were included: 388 patients with admission hyperglycemia, 239 with DH, and 149 with SIH. In patients with hyperglycemia, SIH was associated with a higher risk of pulmonary infection [risk ratios (RR): 1.477, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.004–2.172], 30‐day (RR: 1.068, 95% CI: 1.009–1.130) and 90‐day mortality after ICH (RR: 1.060, 95% CI: 1.000–1.124).

Conclusions

Admission hyperglycemia is a common finding after ICH, and SIH is a sensitive predictor of the risk of pulmonary infection and all‐cause death after ICH.
Endoloop‐assisted endoscopic full‐thickness resection of a huge ileal submucosal tumor
Authors: Shigeta Kohei , Imai Kenichiro , Hotta Kinichi
Published: November 2022

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Effect of APOE ε4 genotype on amyloid‐β, glucose metabolism, and gray matter volume in cognitively normal individuals and amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Li Weihua , Li Runtian , Yan Shaozhen , Zhao Zhilian , Shan Yi , Qi Zhigang , Lu Jie ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: November 2022

Background and purpose

The presence of apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE ε4) is associated with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer disease (AD). The aim of this study was to assess the effects of APOE ε4 on amyloid‐β (Aβ) pathology, glucose metabolism, and gray matter (GM) volume and their longitudinal changes in healthy control (HC) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).

Methods

We included 50 HCs and 109 aMCI patients from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative phase 2/GO based on availability of baseline T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging, 18F‐florbetapir positron emission tomography (PET), and 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET. Of these, 35 HCs and 67 aMCI patients who underwent 24‐month scans were included for follow‐up study.

Results

Voxelwise analysis revealed that APOE ε4 carriers exhibited greater baseline Aβ deposition than APOE ε4 noncarriers in both diagnostic groups. However, there was no significant difference between APOE ε4 noncarriers and APOE ε4 carriers in terms of 18F‐FDG PET standardized uptake value ratio and GM volume. Region of interest‐based analysis showed statistically significant greater Aβ deposition in APOE ε4 carriers than APOE ε4 noncarriers only in aMCI patients. Furthermore, APOE ε4 carriers generally exhibited a greater magnitude and spatial extent of longitudinal changes in Aβ deposition than APOE ε4 noncarriers in both diagnostic groups.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest a differential effect of APOE ε4 on Aβ pathology, glucose metabolism, and GM volume. Studying APOE ε4‐related brain changes with neuroimaging biomarkers in preclinical AD offers an opportunity to further our understanding of the pathophysiology of AD at an early stage.
Edible freshwater snail (Paludomas conica) attenuates STZ‐induced diabetic complications by regulating PFK‐1 and PON‐1 gene expression
Authors: Rafi Md. Khalid Juhani , Rahman Md. Atiar , Siddique Tanvir Ahmed , Bithy Farhana Yesmin , Akter Sumaiya , Aktar Rasheda , Nisa Fatema Yasmin , Khan Md. Asif Nadim , Hossain Md. Altaf , Saha Srabonti , Ahmed A. M. Abu
Published: November 2022

Freshwater invertebrates, especially molluscs, have recently piqued the interest of researchers as a potential new source of food protein hydrolysates. This study prepared bioactive protein hydrolysates (PPh) from the freshwater snail Paludomas conica and investigated their antioxidant and antidiabetic effects by evaluating biochemical and molecular approaches. The DPPH free radical assay, ABTS scavenging assay, FRAP assay and superoxide scavenging assay investigated the antioxidant effects. The antidiabetic potential was measured in α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibition assays followed by in vivo assay in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic animal model and gene expression studies. In all antioxidant experiments, the half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of PPh was less than the cut‐off value, 1000 μg/mL. The inhibitory concentration of PPh was 1.89 mg/mL for α‐amylase and 334.70 μg/mL for α‐glucosidase in vitro assay. Furthermore, in the streptozotocin‐induced Wistar albino rats model of six groups (n = 5, body weight 180–20 g, age 6–7 weeks), the administration of PPh 250 mg/kg for diabetic rats a 4 weeks intervention attenuated elevated glucose levels and other diabetes‐related biomarkers (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lipid profile, total protein, uric acid). Molecular assay by the qPCR analysis showed a significant (P < 0.05) upregulation of the relative mRNA expression of antioxidant and glucose metabolism‐regulating enzymes‐related genes of superoxide dismutase (SOD‐1), Paraoxonase‐1 (PON1) and Phosphofructokinase‐1 (PFK1). Findings demonstrate that PPh could be used as a potential food source to reduce diabetic complications by regulating gene expression of antioxidant and glycolytic enzymes.
Development of mung bean (Vigna radiate L.)‐based next‐generation vegan milk: Processing, nutritional composition and quality attributes
Authors: Joshi Shrishti , Bathla Shikha , Singh Arashdeep , Sharma Minaxi , Stephen Inbaraj Baskaran , Sridhar Kandi
Published: November 2022

Legume proteins are a potential source of functional ingredients to create good quality plant‐based milk substitutes. However, the design of high‐quality plant‐based milk substitutes depends on ingredients and processing operations. Thus, the objectives of the study were to investigate the effect of soaking, soaking and blanching, germination and germination and blanching in the development of high‐quality mung bean (Vigna radiate L.)‐based vegan milk. Also, studied the effect of processing methods on nutritional, physico‐chemical, sensory and microbiological analyses of the developed product. The sample with the germination method showed the highest protein (4.39%), carbohydrates (5.52%) and energy (39.93%) compared to other processing methods. The germination and blanching method reported a higher viscosity, sucrose content and TSS compared to other methods. All the samples showed a presence of 12 amino acids (e.g. glutamic acid, phenylalanine, serine) and absence of cystine and methionine. All the samples showed a decrease in pH and acidity, while no clot formation during the storage period. The presence of microbiological count was noticed from days 7 and 10, which remain under the acceptable standard limits. Germination & blanching received a high sensory score and overall acceptability and provided the good quality attributes of mung bean‐based vegan milk. Thus, these processing technologies can be used to develop higher quality, healthiness and more sustainable vegan beverages that can substitute animal‐based milk.
FTIR spectroscopy vs. sensory analyses for the sensory shelf‐life definition of hamburger buns
Authors: Cincotta Fabrizio , Tripodi Gianluca , Merlino Maria , Nalbone Luca , Condurso Concetta , Verzera Antonella
Published: November 2022

FTIR spectroscopy has been evaluated for the sensory shelf‐life (SSL) definition of packaged hamburger buns. The samples were analysed from the production up to 90 days of storage. Chemical, microbiological, qualitative descriptive sensory analysis (QDA) and consumer test were carried out and the results were compared with those obtained by FTIR analyses. Survival analysis in agreement with the QDA and cut‐off method defined a ‘best before date’ as not more than 20 days. The statistical elaboration of ATR–FTIR data gave results in agreement with those from hedonic and analytical sensory analyses. Hence, FTIR spectroscopy has been able to quickly draw a profile of the hamburger buns, detecting differences throughout the shelf‐life period in agreement with time‐consuming and/or expensive analyses. The study evidence that FTIR spectroscopy could be easily used in the bakery industry for SSL monitoring, reducing costs and time of analysis.
Prevalence and predictors of inappropriate dosing of direct oral anticoagulants
Authors: Ko Hiu T. K. , Pham Jonathan , Anpalahan Mahesan
Published: November 2022

Background

Information on inappropriate dosing of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) is scarce in the Australian context.

Aim

To describe the prevalence and potential predictors of inappropriate dosing of DOACs.

Methods

Patients who received DOACs during admission under a general medical unit over a 2‐year period (from January 2017 to December 2018) were retrospectively studied. Appropriateness of the dosing regimen was verified against the recommendations of the Therapeutic Goods Administration of Australia. Data were obtained from medical records and analysed in univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. The variables associated with under‐ and overdosing were also determined.

Results

A total of 203 (mean age 71.6 ± 14.5 years, females 52%) patients were studied. Inappropriate dosing occurred in 44 (22%) patients: underdosing 27 (13%) and overdosing 17 (8%). Age ≥75 years (P < 0.01), lower estimated creatinine clearance (CrCl) (P < 0.01), prescription of DOAC prior to index admission (P < 0.01) and higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (P < 0.01), HAS‐BLED (P < 0.01) and CHA2DS2‐VASc (P < 0.01) scores had a significant univariate association with inappropriate dosing. However, in the multivariate logistic regression only lower CrCl (odds ratio (OR) 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–1.07, P < 0.01) and prescription of DOAC prior to index admission (OR 2.62, 95% CI: 1.01–6.75, P = 0.047) remained significantly associated with inappropriate dosing. Impaired renal function also had a significant association with underdosing (OR 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01–1.07, P = 0.01) and borderline significance with overdosing (OR 1.03, 95% CI: 1.00–1.07, P = 0.06).

Conclusion

Inappropriate dosing of DOACs, especially underdosing, is common in clinical practice. Clinicians should exercise due diligence when prescribing DOACs to patients with renal impairment and in outpatient settings.
Use of polysaccharide hemostatic agent (HaemoCer™) in breast cancer surgery to reduce postoperative complications: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Falcone Veronica , Krotka Pavla , Deutschmann Christine , Danzinger Sabine , Reischer Theresa , Pfeiler Georg , Singer Christian , Koch Marianne
Published: November 2022

Postoperative wound‐site bleeding, tissue inflammation and seroma formation are well‐known complications in the field of breast surgery. Hemostatic agents consisting of polysaccharides may be used intra‐operatively to minimise postoperative complications. We conducted a prospective randomised‐controlled, single‐centre study including 136 patients undergoing breast‐conserving surgery for invasive or intraductal breast cancer. Of these, 68 patients were randomised to receive an absorbable polysaccharide hemostatic agent into the wound site during surgery, while 68 patients were randomised to the control group and did not receive any hemostatic agent. Primary outcome was the total volume of postoperative drained fluid from the surgical site. Secondary outcomes were the number of days until drain removal and rate of immediate postoperative surgical site infection Patients in the intervention group had significantly higher drainage output volumes compared with the control group 85 mL (IQR 46.25–110) versus 50 mL (IQR 30–75), respectively; (P = .003). Univariable linear regression analyses showed a significant association between the surgical specimen and the primary outcome (P < .001). After multivariable analysis, the use of absorbable polysaccharide hemostatic product was no longer significantly associated with a higher drainage output and only the size of the surgical specimen remained a significant predictor. The number of days until drainage removal and the postoperative seroma formation were higher in the intervention group (P = .004) and (P = .003), respectively. In our study, intraoperative application of polysaccharide hemostatic agent during breast‐conserving surgery did not decrease postoperative fluid production. Only the size of the surgical specimen was significantly associated with postoperative drainage volume.
Growth of the ternary Pb(Mn,Nb)O3–Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin film with high piezoelectric coefficient on Si by RF sputtering
Authors: Jiang Xianyao , Wang Jiasheng , Duan Zhihua , Li Chuanqing , Wang Tao , Tang Yanxue , Zhou Helezi , Zhao Xiangyong , Wang Feifei
Published: November 2022

In this study, ternary ferroelectric 0.06Pb(Mn1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.94Pb(Zr0.48Ti0.52)O3 (PMN–PZT) thin film with high piezoelectric coefficient were grown on La0.6Sr0.4CoO3‐buffered Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate by RF magnetron sputtering method. The phase and domain structure along with the macroscopic electrical properties were obtained. Under the optimized temperature of 550°C and sputtering pressure 0.9 Pa, the PMN–PZT film owned large remnant ferroelectric polarization of 62 μC/cm2. In addition, the PMN–PZT film had polydomain structures with fingerprint‐type nanosized domain patterns and typical local piezoelectric response. Through piezoelectric force microscopy, the PMN–PZT thin film at nanoscale exhibited obvious domain reversal when subjected to in situ poling field. It was further found that the quasi‐static piezoelectric coefficient of the PMN–PZT thin film reached 267 pC/N, which was about twice to that of the commercial PbZrO3–PbTiO3 (PZT) thin film. The optimized relaxor ferroelectric thin film PMN–PZT on silicon with global electrical properties shows great potential in the piezoelectric micro‐electro‐mechanical systems applications.
“Flexures and bends of the large intestine: Current terminology and a suggestion to simplify it”
Authors: Wozniak Slawomir , Quondamatteo Fabio , Paulsen Friedrich
Published: November 2022

There are a number of inconsistencies in the description of the bends of the colon down to the anus. This is historically based on the fact that anatomists saw the colon in its position in the abdominal cavity down to the pelvis and thus from the “outside” and also described it in this way. This view is still useful in clinical practice today (e.g. for the abdominal surgeons). For the greater part of clinicians, however, the view has shifted due to modern endoscopy. This allows examiners to see the terminal section of the intestine and the colon from the “inside”. To accommodate both “ways of looking” in terms of modern medicine, we have been guided by today's clinical needs, and here we attempt to reconcile these with the historically evolved anatomical terms to create a nomenclature that meets all the needs of students, anatomists and clinicians looking at the large intestine from the inside and outside. With this in mind, we propose to speak of colic flexures (right colic flexure = RCF = hepatic flexure, flexura coli sinistra; left colic flexure = LCF = splenic flexure, flexura coli dextra; descending‐sigmoid flexure = DSF; sigmoid‐rectum flexure = SRF) for the colon (colon). For the rectum (rectum), we suggest the term bend (superior, intermediate and inferior) when viewed in the frontal plane, the term curvature (sacral curvature; anorectal curvature = perineal curvature) when viewed in the sagittal plane.
Factors influencing the perception of feeling safe in pre‐hospital emergency care: A mixed‐methods systematic review
Authors: Péculo‐Carrasco Juan‐Antonio , Luque‐Hernández María José , Rodríguez‐Ruiz Hugo‐José , Chacón‐Manzano Coral , Failde Inmaculada
Published: November 2022

Aims

To systematically describe the factors influencing the perception of feeling safe among patients receiving pre‐hospital emergency care.

Background

Patient safety is a top priority worldwide. Little is known about how patients perceive safety during emergency health care and what the related factors are.

Design

A mixed‐methods systematic review.

Methods

Six databases were searched to December 2021. Inclusion criteria were as follows: studies with patients of any age, framed in pre‐hospital emergency care settings, referring to patient safety, addressing the perception of safety, and with a quantitative or qualitative research design. Exclusion criteria were as follows: conference records, abstracts, supplements, letters, editorials and reviews. The quality of the evidence was assessed with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklists. A convergent integrated approach was followed according to the JBI methodology. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022306337). PRISMA 2020 guidelines were followed in reporting this review.

Results

Among the 5223 records identified, the whole texts of 35 articles were reviewed. Ten studies were relevant to the research question. Seven followed a qualitative methodology, with interviews or focus group. Three involved a quantitative methodology, with questionnaires or validated measures. The 74 findings were organised into 11 categories and then grouped into four dimensions: ‘receiving a satisfying response from healthcare professionals when I need it’, ‘EMS personnel's professional competence’, ‘the variable and unfamiliar settings of pre‐hospital emergencies’, and ‘patients’ personal characteristics'.

Conclusions

The perception of safety is influenced by many factors, which can be grouped into four independent dimensions. Quantitative and qualitative studies can provide us with complementary findings.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Awareness of these factors enables us to act upon them. When patients feel safe their health outcomes improve, their anxiety decreases and they collaborate more actively.

No Patient or Public Contribution

Patients and caregivers shared their experiences in the articles included.
Redefining consent: rape law reform, reasonable belief, and communicative responsibility
Authors: DOWDS EITHNE
Published: November 2022

Contemporary trends in rape law reform have resulted in the adoption of more affirmative or communicative conceptions of sexual consent across many jurisdictions. Drawing on empirical research conducted by the author in the wake of the 2019 Gillen Review into serious sexual violence in Northern Ireland and proposed changes to the law on consent, this article illuminates the social and cultural norms that inform and complicate the construction and interpretation of consent models. Three broad themes from the primary data are identified: the law's (in)ability to capture the complexity of human interactions, societal ambivalence around consent and rape, and consent confusion. The article concludes by introducing and further developing the notion of communicative responsibility and arguing that it should be used as a prism through which to make sense of the enduring challenges in this area of law and human interaction.
Are metapopulation species drivers of metacommunity structure in sandstone outcrop communities?
Authors: Barfknecht David Francis , Gibson David John
Published: November 2022

Questions

The extent to which metacommunities contain species exhibiting metapopulation dynamics is poorly understood. We investigate this issue within sandstone outcrop plant communities scattered across an upland hardwood forest. We investigate the life forms of metapopulation species and relationships between taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity, composition, and environmental factors.

Location

Twenty‐three sandstone outcrop communities in southern Illinois, USA.

Methods

Following vegetation surveys, species exhibiting metapopulation dynamics were identified and compared to all species based on origin, growth form, and lifecycle. Cohesion, turnover, and boundary clumping were utilized to determine metacommunity structure. Correlations evaluated associations between site‐based variables, and regressions evaluated associations between diversity indices. Multivariate analyses compared sites to determine which variables contributed to compositional differences.

Results

Twenty of 130 species exhibited metapopulation dynamics and were usually annual or biennial exotics. Metacommunity elements indicated a metacommunity structure where groups of species tended to replace one another across sites, in which species exhibiting metapopulation dynamics were subordinate as opposed to dominant or transient. The largest sites were the most regularly shaped, but not the most diverse. Species richness and species exhibiting metapopulation dynamics determined phylogenetic and functional diversity, but largely non‐standardized measures of diversity, indicating independence between types of diversity. Multivariate analyses showed that diversity metrics explained community composition differences, where more species‐rich sites with more metapopulation species were also more phylogenetically and functionally diverse.

Conclusions

Sandstone outcrop communities exhibited diverse plant communities, where phylogenetic and functional diversity were driven by both the number of all species and the subset of metapopulation species independently. SM dynamics were usually short‐lived and exotic species with their low number likely constrained via dispersal limitations. The communities exhibited a metacommunity structure indicating predictable community assemblages which tend to be replaced with others as opposed to just individual species being replaced individually, consistent with the concept of an integrated community. Functional traits indicated that these communities include species adapted to xeric, substrate‐poor conditions.
Repeatability and reproducibility of Cobra HD fundus camera meibography in young adults with and without symptoms of dry eye
Authors: Ifrah Reut , Quevedo Lluisa , Gantz Liat
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The inter‐session repeatability (ISR), inter‐examiner reproducibility (IER) and within‐subject variability (WSV) of the Cobra HD fundus camera meibographer were examined in participants with and without dry eye symptoms.

Methods

Symptoms were determined based on Ocular Surface Disease Index scores (≥13 being considered symptomatic), and subgroups were compared using the Mann–Whitney U‐test. Images of meibomian glands (MGs) from the upper and lower right eyelids were captured by two examiners on the same day (S1) to determine IER. One examiner repeated the measurements on a second day (S2) to obtain the ISR. ISR, IER and WSV were calculated using Friedman, correlation tests and Bland and Altman analyses with mean differences (md) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), within‐subject standard deviations (Sw) and intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICC).

Results

The ISR experiment included 72 participants (mean age: 23 ± 5 years, range: 19–43, 36 symptomatic). Mean MG loss of the upper (S1: 13.5 ± 9.5%, S2: 12.8 ± 8.5%) and lower eyelids (S1: 7.5 ± 6.9%, S2: 7.3 ± 6.3%) was not significantly different between sessions for all participants, symptomatic and asymptomatic subgroups for both eyelids. The ISR Sw for the upper and lower eyelids was 1.3% and 1.0%; md was 0.7 ± 3.5% (CI:−6.25% to 7.62%) and 0.1 ± 2.1% (CI: −3.94% to 4.17%), respectively. The IER experiment included 74 participants (mean age: 23 ± 5 years, range: 19–43, 37 symptomatic). Mean MG loss of the upper (Examiner 1: 12.7 ± 8.2%, Examiner 2: 13.1 ± 8.0%) and lower eyelids (Examiner 1: 7.0 ± 6.2%, Examiner 2: 7.4 ± 6.2%) was not significantly different between examiners for all participants, symptomatic and asymptomatic subgroups for both eyelids. The IER ICC values were >0.86 for all conditions, Sw was 1.3% and 1.2%, with a md of −0.4 ± 3.2% (CI: −6.65% to 5.90%) and −0.4 ± 2.9% (CI: −6.15% to 5.31%), respectively. The WSV Sw values were <1.4%, and ICC values were >0.89 for both eyelids, examiners and experimental sessions.

Conclusions

The Cobra HD fundus camera demonstrates good repeatability, reproducibility and low WSV, and is a reliable clinical instrument for meibography.