bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The formation of perianchor fluid associated with various suture anchors used in rotator cuff repair
Authors: Kim Sae H. , Yang Seok H. , Rhee Sung-Min , Lee Kwang J. , Kim Hyong S. , Oh Joo H.
Published: December 2019

Aims

The aim of this study was to compare the osseous reactions elicited by all-suture, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), and two different biodegradable anchors used during rotator cuff repair.

Patients and Methods

Transosseous-equivalent rotator cuff repair was performed in 73 patients. The patients were divided into two groups, in both of which two different medial-row anchors were used. In group 1, anchor A comprised 30% β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) + 70% fast-absorbing poly lactic-co-glycolic acid copolymer (85% polylactic acid enantiomers + 15% polyglycolic acid) and anchor B comprised all-sutures. In group 2, anchor C comprised 23% micro β-TCP + 77% polylactic acid enantiomers and anchor D comprised PEEK polymer. There were 37 patients in group 1 and 36 patients in group 2. The presence and severity of fluid collection around anchors and healing of the rotator cuff were assessed using MRI scans, approximately one year postoperatively. The severity of the collection was graded as 0 (no perianchor fluid signal), 1 (minimal perianchor fluid), 2 (local collection of fluid), 3 (fluid collection around the whole length of the anchor but of a diameter less than twice the anchor diameter), or 4 (fluid collection around the whole length of the anchor and of a diameter greater than twice the anchor diameter).

Results

A perianchor fluid signal was seen in three patients (8.1%) with anchor A, four (10.8%) with anchor B, 15 (41.7%) with anchor C, and 15 (41.7%) with anchor D. The severity of the collection around anchor was grade 2:1:0:0 for anchor A, grade 2:2:0:0 for anchor B, grade 12:2:0:1 for anchor C, and grade 11:3:0:1 for anchor D (grade 1:2:3:4, respectively). The prevalence and severity of fluid formation was not significantly different between anchors A and B, and anchors C and D. However, on intergroup analysis, there were significant differences for the prevalence and severity of fluid formation between anchors in group 1 and group 2. The prevalence of failure to heal was not significant in group 1 (seven, 18.9%) or group 2 (nine, 25.0%). There was no relationship between the presence of perianchor fluid and each type of anchor, and the integrity of the rotator cuff repair, in either group.

Conclusion

Despite the nonabsorbable nature of all-suture and PEEK anchors, all-suture anchors produced less osseous reaction after rotator cuff repair. In deciding which kind of anchor to use, consideration should be given not only to the strength of the initial fixation, but also to the postoperative biological reaction. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1506–1511
The role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in predicting orthopaedic outcomes
Authors: Bayliss Lee , Jones Luke D.
Published: December 2019

This annotation briefly reviews the history of artificial intelligence and machine learning in health care and orthopaedics, and considers the role it will have in the future, particularly with reference to statistical analyses involving large datasets.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1476–1478
Building Union Muscle
Authors: Savage Larry
Published: December 2019

This case study of a union campaign to organize personal trainers and fitness instructors at GoodLife Fitness, the world’s fourth-largest fitness chain, is used to highlight the challenges and possibilities of organizing precarious workers in the multi-billion-dollar fitness industry. Drawing on the broader literature on union organizing and strategic corporate campaigns, primary documents related to the organizing drive, media coverage of the campaign, and in-depth interviews with union officials and fitness workers, the case study reveals how the workers were successfully, yet unconventionally, able to leverage institutional, symbolic, and associational power to build union muscle in an industry that is virtually union-free.

 

Cette étude de cas d’une campagne syndicale visant à organiser des entraîneurs personnels et des instructeurs de condition physique chez GoodLife Fitness, la quatrième chaîne mondiale de condition physique, est utilisée pour mettre en évidence les défis et les possibilités d’organisation des travailleurs précaires dans l’industrie de la condition physique de plusieurs milliards de dollars. S’appuyant sur la littérature plus vaste sur les campagnes syndicales et stratégiques d’entreprise, sur les principaux documents relatifs à la campagne de syndicalisation, sur la couverture médiatique de la campagne et sur des entretiens approfondis avec des responsables syndicaux et des professionnels de la condition physique, l’étude de cas révèle comment les travailleurs ont réussi, de manière non conventionnelle, à tirer parti du pouvoir institutionnel, symbolique et associatif pour renforcer le pouvoir syndical dans une industrie pratiquement sans syndicat.
Teleporting quantum Fisher information for even and odd coherent states
Authors: El Anouz K. , El Allati A. , El Baz M.
Published: December 2019

We present a scheme for implementing a quantum teleportation process using the Jaynes–Cummings model. For this, we study the interaction between an excited state of a two-level atom and a single electromagnetic field in a superposition of coherent states. The resulting entangled state may be considered as a good quantum channel for quantum teleportation protocol. By controlling the interaction field parameters inside the cavity, the average fidelity of the teleported state may be maximized. However, the weight and phase parameters in the teleported states are estimated by using quantum Fisher information. It allows one to show that the sensitivity of the teleported states fluctuates between maximum and minimum bounds for large numbers of photons. Evaluating different quantities of quantum entanglement, average fidelity, and the amount of quantum Fisher information shows that the odd coherent states are usually larger than those obtained using even coherent states.
Ez vagy az?
Authors: Tóth Enikő
Published: December 2019

Tanulmányomban egy produkciós kísérlet eredményeit mutatom be a magyar főnévi mutató névmások exoforikus használatáról. A kísérletben, egy online feleletválasztós tesztben, három tényező – a beszélőtől való relatív távolság (közel/távol), a vizuális közös figyelmi jelenet (megléte/hiánya) és a rámutató gesztus (jelenléte/hiánya a beszélő részéről) – hatását vizsgáltam a főnévi mutató névmások megválasztására. Mindhárom változó befolyásolja a névmások használatát, vagyis az eredmények megerősítik azt a feltevést (vö. Peeters–Azar–Özyürek 2014; Peeters–Özyürek 2016), hogy a főnévi mutató névmások használata nem egy egocentrikus, a beszélőhöz lehorgonyzott folyamat, hanem a beszélő és a hallgató közös interakciójaként jellemezhető, dinamikus tevékenység.
Concepção de um índice elétrico de carstificação
Authors: Feitosa Edilton Carneiro
Published: December 2019

A pesquisa enfoca o comportamento elétrico dos aquíferos cársticos quando submetidos a uma corrente elétrica contínua. Na prática profissional, as dificuldades da aplicação do método elétrico de resistividade nesses aquíferos induziram a busca de uma abordagem de campo mais adequada e critérios mais eficientes de interpretação das medições elétricas para fins de locação de poços produtores. Entre 1999 e 2004, seis estudos geofísicos por eletrorresistividade foram realizados no Aquífero Jandaíra desenvolvido em sedimentos carbonatados cretáceos da Bacia Potiguar/RN. Foi utilizada a técnica do caminhamento elétrico 1D. O dispositivo de medição adotado foi o quadripolo linear simétrico de Schlumberger com linha AB de emissão de corrente definida a partir de SEVs previamente obtidas. Verificou-se que as zonas mais intensamente carstificadas são eletricamente resistivas e exibem sempre uma pronunciada variabilidade elétrica. Esse comportamento, ratificado pelo confronto das medições elétricas com os resultados dos poços locados, levou à concepção de um Índice Elétrico de Carstificação (IEC) que enfatiza e quantifica a variabilidade elétrica, permitindo eleger objetivamente locais mais favoráveis à captação de água subterrânea em calcários. O IEC de uma estação de medição i, em perfis lineares, é calculado como a média da soma das variações relativas às estações (i+1) e (i-1). São apresentadas e discutidas quatro variantes do IEC dependentes do comportamento geológico e hidroquímico da área investigada. Os resultados podem ser apresentados sob a forma de perfis lineares ou, se a densidade dos perfis permitir, sob a forma de zoneamentos. São discutidas aplicações da abordagem no Aquífero Jandaíra da Bacia Potiguar (RN e CE), no Aquífero Salitre da Bacia de Irecê (BA), e no Subgrupo Paraopeba Indiferenciado/MG. A aplicação do IEC mostrou-se útil em caracterizar, local e regionalmente, zonas potencialmente aquíferas.
Nowa (?) nietolerancja religijna
Authors: Sochacki Jakub
Published: December 2019

Martha C. Nussbaum, Nowa nietolerancja religijna. Przezwyciężyć politykę strachu w niespokojnychczasach, trans. S. Szymański. Warszawa: Fundacja Kultura Liberalna.
Structural and optical impacts of AlGaN undershells on coaxial GaInN/GaN multiple-quantum-shells nanowires
Authors: Lu Weifang , Terazawa Mizuki , Han Dong-Pyo , Sone Naoki , Goto Nanami , Iida Kazuyoshi , Murakami Hedeki , Iwaya Motoaki , Tekeuchi Tetsuya , Kamiyama Satoshi , Akasaki Isamu
Published: December 2019

The superior crystalline quality of coaxial GaInN/GaN multiple-quantum shell (MQS) nanowires (NWs) was demonstrated by employing an AlGaN undershell during metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) results reveal that the NW structure consists of distinct GaInN/GaN regions on different positions of the NWs and the cores were dislocation-free. High-resolution atomic contrast STEM images verified the importance of AlGaN undershells in trapping the point defects diffused from n-core to MQSs (m-planes), as well as the improvement of the grown crystal quality on the apex region (c-planes). Time-integrated and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) measurements were performed to clarify the mechanism of the emission within the coaxial GaInN/GaN MQS NWs. The improved internal quantum efficiency in the NW sample was attributed to the unique AlGaN undershell, which was able to suppress the point defects diffusion and reduce the dislocation densities on c-planes. Carrier lifetimes of 2.19 ns and 8.44 ns were derived from time-resolved PL decay curves for NW samples without and with the AlGaN undershell, respectively. Hence, the use of an AlGaN undershell exhibits promising improvement of optical properties for NW-based white and micro light-emitting diodes.
The development of a novel questionnaire assessing alterations in central pain processing in people with and without chronic pain
Authors: Austin Philip D. , Asghari Ali , Costa Daniel S.J. , Siddall Philip J.
Published: December 2019

Background and aims

The purpose of this study was to (a) develop and (b) conduct exploratory factor analysis on a novel self-report instrument for symptoms associated with altered central pain processing.

Methods

We first developed a 25-item questionnaire based on previous literature identifying symptoms and behaviours that may reflect altered spinal and supraspinal pain processing. We then administered this questionnaire to 183 people with chronic pain (n = 99) and healthy individuals (n = 84). Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to identify the factor structure of the questionnaire.

Results

Our results support a two-factor solution for the 25-item questionnaire that accounted for 57.2% of the total variance of responses in people with and without chronic pain. Factor one (11 items) included items related to alterations in sensation of pain, while factor two (seven items) included items associated with emotional and fatigue symptoms. Seven items showed weak factor loadings and were eliminated. Reliability was excellent, while both factors showed strong correlations with previously-validated self-report Instruments: (pain catastrophising, mood, vigilance, pain self-efficacy) and conditioned pain modulation, providing evidence for their validity.

Conclusions

We have developed a questionnaire containing two factors that appear to be related to two different symptom clusters, one of which is specifically related to pain and one of which contains other health-related symptoms related to mood and fatigue. These factors show excellent internal consistency and validity. This questionnaire may be a quick, easy and reliable instrument to assess central pain processing in clinical settings.
A β-ketoiminato palladium(II) complex for palladium deposition
Authors: Preuß Andrea , Korb Marcus , Rüffer Tobias , Bankwitz Jörn , Georgi Colin , Jakob Alexander , Schulz Stefan E. , Lang Heinrich
Published: December 2019

The ¦-ketoiminato complex [Pd(OAc)L] (3) can be synthesized by the reaction of bis(benzoylacetone)diethylenetriamine (1, = LH) with [Pd(OAc)2] (2). The structure of 3 in the solid state has been determined by single X-ray diffraction analysis. Complex 3 crystallizes as a dimer (3
2), which is formed by hydrogen bonds between NH and OOAc functionalities of two adjacent ligands. Each of the Pd atoms is complexed by one ON2 donor unit of the polydentate ligand L
− and an acetate group. Pd–Pd interactions and hydrogen bond formation between a NH and the C=O acetate moiety lead to a [4 + 2] coordination at Pd. The non-coordinated part of L exists in its ¦-keto-enamine form. The thermal decomposition behavior of 3
2 was studied by TG (thermogravimetry) and TG-MS showing that 3
2 decomposes between 200 and 500°C independent of the applied atmosphere. Under oxygen PdO is produced, while under argon Pd is formed as confirmed by PXRD measurements. Complex 3
2 was applied as a spin-coating precursor (conc. 0.1 mol L−1, volume 1.5 mL, 3000 rpm, deposition time 6 min, heating rate 50 K min−1, holding time 60 min (Ar) and 120 min (air) at T = 800°C). The as-obtained samples are characterized by granulated particles of Pd/PdO on the substrate surface. EDX (energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) measurements confirmed the formation of Pd (Ar) or PdO (O2) with up to 12 mol% C impurity.
Pollution of the snow surface with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during the formation of frost
Authors: Tentyukov M. P. , Gabov D. N. , Simonenkov D. V. , Yazikov E. G.
Published: December 2019

When analyzing chemical compositions of snow the high variability of content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in snow cover between snowfalls is observed. Researchers explain this by concentrating of snow. However, another mechanism of atmospheric contamination of the snow cover surface is possible. It may be a precipitation of fine crystals of PAHs from the atmosphere in the composition of cryohydrates, which can form aerogenic anomalies on the snow surface at formation of hoarfrost. The process starts in the atmosphere during the interaction of finely dispersed crystals of PAHs with cloud supercooled drops. This results in the cryogenic concentration of solid particles of PAHs by way of formation of solid eutectic mixture – cryohydrates, which are a two-phase system consisting of a fine mixture of crystals of solid particles and ice. Evidence of their manifestation is the presence of the Forel hatching on the surface of the facets of the hoarfrost crystals appearing due to the different optical density of alternating zones, which consist of interpenetrating domains of crystallized solid aerosols and ice. At the same time, due to the presence of temperature inversion over the snow cover and its drying effect on the near-snow layer of air, a stable mass transport of water vapor down to the snow cover is formed, which can initiate the flow of fine cryohydrates from the PAHs. Therefore, the growth of atmospheric ice crystals, begun in the surface atmosphere, continues on the snow surface during formation of hoarfrost, thus creating a special nano-relief of snow cover. The paper presents the results of observations of changes in the concentration of individual PAHs in the upper 18 mm layer of snow at accumulation of the surface hoarfrost during a long period between snowfalls. Some micro-morphological features of the forms of skeletal rime micro-crystals are shown, with which an increase in the nano-roughness of the snow surface is associated, as well as the manifestation of the signal of the aerogenic PAH anomaly on the snow surface. Since the conditions for the formation of surface hoarfrost occur more often than for snowfalls, the hoarfrost may be an informative object of testing when detecting hydrocarbon contamination of snow cover during the intervals between snowfalls.
La educación a distancia en la profesionalización de las personas con discapacidad y privados de libertad
Authors: Ulate Soto Ileana , Vargas Morúa Elizarda
Published: December 2019

Recibido 21 de junio de 2012 •  Corregido 09 de octubre de 2012 • Aceptado 07 de noviembre de 2012El presente trabajo ilustra, mediante dos ejemplos, el impacto que ha tenido la Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED), en la atención y profesionalización de sectores marginales de la sociedad costarricense, tales como los privados de libertad, personas con discapacidad física, individuos de zonas muy alejadas del centro capitalino, entre otros. Se trata de dar respuesta a las preguntas: ¿Cómo ha sido la atención  en esos sectores? ¿Cuáles son los retos que enfrentan las universidades a distancia para ser pertinentes? ¿De qué manera ha logrado alcanzarlos?  ¿Qué impacto sobre la sociedad costarricense ejerce la UNED en la profesionalización de su población?   Para el abordaje de la temática se recurre a documentación y estadísticas existentes, y se ejemplifica mediante el testimonio de dos estudiantes egresados de la UNED, elegidos con el propósito de ilustrar algunos de los diferentes casos que atiende dicha  Universidad.
Mediación pedagógica para la autonomía en la formación docente
Authors: Hernández Segura Ana María , Flores Davis Luz Emilia
Published: December 2019

Recibido 27 de junio de 2012 • Corregido 20 de setiembre de 2012 • Aceptado 07 de noviembre de 2012

El presente artículo trata la importancia de la mediación pedagógica para promover el tránsito de la heteronomía a la autonomía intelectual, en la formación docente del estudiantado de primer ingreso a las carreras de Educación. Se comparten algunas estrategias y experiencias implementadas por las autoras de este artículo. Se destaca la necesidad fundamental de escuchar las voces de los estudiantes y las estudiantes y, de esta forma, conocer sus expectativas, opiniones y experiencias previas, punto de partida para el desarrollo de diversos temas y conceptos, lo cual favorece una participación real y libre en las dinámicas de mediación pedagógica y, por tanto, espacios para que se expresen con autonomía. Lo anterior, permite pasar de una pedagogía centrada en la enseñanza, a una pedagogía centrada en el aprendizaje, de manera que el futuro educador y educadora sean protagonistas de su formación y vayan construyendo su propia identidad intelectual, desde la acción-reflexión-acción. Se considera que el primer año de vida en la educación superior es un espacio privilegiado para fomentar el desarrollo de la autonomía en las futuras y los futuros docentes y, como lo señala Freire (2004), el respeto por la autonomía es un imperativo ético.
Construcción de competencias requeridas en la investigación educativa y la sistematización de la docencia, según las percepciones de estudiantes de Educación Preescolar, Primaria y Secundaria de la Universidad de Costa Rica
Authors: Segura Castillo Mario Alberto
Published: December 2019

Recibido 30 de mayo de 2012 •  Corregido 08 de octubre de 2012 • Aceptado 07 de noviembre de 2012El presente artículo tiene como finalidad presentar los resultados de dos foros virtuales, en los cuales participaron 42 estudiantes de la Licenciatura de Educación Preescolar,  Licenciatura de Primaria y Licenciatura de Secundaria de la Universidad de Costa Rica. El objetivo principal de los foros fue  determinar las percepciones que tienen los estudiantes participantes acerca de las competencias que han adquirido en el campo de la investigación educativa, además, cuáles han sido las herramientas fundamentales para poder sistematizar su propias prácticas de docencia.  Los foros de discusión se llevaron a cabo en  el curso de Métodos de Investigación Educativa (FD5091)  de la Escuela de Formación Docente de esta Universidad, en los meses de marzo y abril del 2010. La muestra de estudiantes participantes estuvo constituida por 60% de estudiantes de Educación Preescolar, 35% de Primaria y el 5% de Educación Secundaria en las especialidades de Ciencias, Matemática y Estudios Sociales. Según las percepciones y creencias de las estudiantes participantes en los foros,  tanto de los futuros docentes, como los que ya ejercen la profesión, a nivel de su preparación académica y en la situación actual de trabajo no cuentan con muchas posibilidades  de investigar y sistematizar su propia mediación docente.
¡Mamá, que pereza ir al cole…!
Authors: Paniagua Calvo Luis Emilio
Published: December 2019

Recibido 15 de marzo de 2012 • Corregido 17 de setiembre de 2012 • Aceptado 07 de noviembre de 2012Este artículo, presentado en forma de ensayo, propone en su temática un acercamiento a la realidad que se vive en el sistema educativo a nivel de secundaria; visualiza algunas debilidades en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje, con el objetivo de analizar el rumbo que se pretende dar a la educación costarricense. El planteamiento conceptual se elabora a través de preguntas generadoras, mediante las cuales se repasa la situación actual de los centros de enseñanza, el rumbo por el cual se está llevando a cabo el proceso, la imperante búsqueda de equidad e inclusión en educación, así como la exposición de algunas propuestas para el mejoramiento. Se concluye con una reflexión sobre la necesidad de cambiar el modelo educativo tradicional por un modelo educativo transformador, para la emancipación y liberación de los seres humanos que participan en este proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje.
Relatos del profesor Guillermo Ramírez Saravia al ejercicio de la enseñanza contable
Authors: Ramírez Roldán José David
Published: December 2019

La presente memoria es basada en una entrevista semiestructurada realizada al Lic. Guillermo Ramírez Saravia (1949-2018), con el fin de ofrecer un análisis de valor educativo sobre su destacada e interesante experiencia estudiantil, laboral, docente e intelectual como escritor de libros de texto. El trabajo toma en cuenta el contexto de la enseñanza de la contabilidad de costos en las últimas cinco décadas, para el caso costarricense y el peso de la figura de Ramírez en este campo técnico de especialización.
Educación como derecho humano, perspectiva desde la educación matemática costarricense
Authors: Zumbado-Castro Marianela
Published: December 2019

La educación como derecho debe facilitar a todas las personas la posibilidad de aprender a aprender y hacerlo a través de toda su vida; además, debe poseer cuatro características para ser considera como derecho: disponibilidad, accesibilidad, aceptabilidad y adaptabilidad. Por tanto, se pretende a través de la presencia de estas cuatro características, permitir a los estudiantes ser aprendices expertos. En este proceso contribuye en Costa Rica, la política educativa, la curricular y los programas de ciencias y matemáticas, que promueven la indagación, las diferentes maneras de pensar y la resolución de problemas. Por lo tanto, el propósito de este trabajo es analizar el aporte de la educación matemática costarricense a la consolidación de la educación como derecho humano, a través de la formación de aprendices expertos y sus limitaciones. Dos resultados de esta reflexión son: que la implementación de los programas de matemáticas, sin la aplicación de la fundamentación teórica, constituye una limitación para los aprendices expertos y el otro, que es necesario supervisar la ejecución de las ideas plasmadas en las mallas curriculares, para garantizar el derecho de aprender para la vida.
Preoperative Feeds in Ductal-Dependent Cardiac Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kataria-Hale Jasmeet , Osborne Scott Webb , Hair Amy , Hagan Joseph , Pammi Mohan
Published: December 2019

CONTEXT:

Our aim for this review is to determine if preoperative feeds in neonates with ductal-dependent congenital heart disease are harmful or beneficial.

OBJECTIVES:

To summarize current evidence for preoperative feeding in neonates with ductal-dependent congenital heart disease.

DATA SOURCES:

We used the following databases: Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials.

STUDY SELECTION:

We included observational studies in which the following outcomes were addressed: necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), hospital length of stay (LOS), time to achieve full postoperative enteral feeding, and feeding intolerance.

DATA EXTRACTION:

Two reviewers independently screened each study for eligibility and extracted data. Methodologic quality was assessed by using a standardized item bank, and certainty of evidence for each outcome was assessed by using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria.

RESULTS:

Five retrospective cohort studies were eligible for inclusion, for which risk of bias was significant. When comparing neonates who received preoperative feeds with those who did not, there was no significant difference in NEC (pooled odds ratio = 1.09 [95% confidence interval 0.06–21.00; P = .95]; 3 studies, 6807 participants, very low certainty evidence), hospital LOS (mean of 14 days for those not fed versus 9.9 days for those fed preoperatively; P < .01; 1 study, 57 participants, very low certainty evidence), or feeding intolerance (odds ratio = 2.014 [95% confidence interval 0.079–51.703; P = .67]; 1 study, 56 participants, very low certainty evidence). No data were available for the outcome time to achieve full postoperative enteral feeding. All studies were observational and had small sample sizes.

CONCLUSIONS:

There is insufficient evidence to suggest that preoperative enteral feeds in patients with ductal-dependent cardiac lesions adversely influence the rate of NEC, LOS, or feeding intolerance.
Medical Student Training in Pediatric Hospital Medicine: A National Survey of Pediatric Clerkships
Authors: Trost Margaret J. , Barqadle Fatuma , Rudnick Melanie , Christman Grant
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Medical student electives offer opportunities for career exploration; it is unknown if electives exist for the newest pediatric subspecialty, pediatric hospital medicine (PHM), or how PHM competencies are already addressed in required medical student training. Our objectives for this study were (1) to determine the prevalence of exposure to PHM competencies in medical school and (2) to inform a needs assessment for a PHM elective.

METHODS:

A 5-item survey was distributed to members of the Council on Medical Student Education in Pediatrics as part of a larger survey in 2018. Descriptive statistics were used to report responses as proportions. Responses to 1 open-ended question were coded and grouped into categories.

RESULTS:

Of 152 total respondents, 118 (77.6%) answered at least 1 question. Respondents felt that quality improvement was addressed in preclinical years (40.4%), whereas systems-based practice was incorporated into core clerkships (32.1%). Although most indicated that leadership and education should be taught at the subinternship level (29.6% and 25%, respectively), those competencies are not currently integrated into subinternship rotations (7.4% and 4.8%, respectively). Approximately half (n = 58; 49.5% each) reported that their institution offers a PHM elective. Lack of a standardized curriculum (16%) was seen as a barrier, and in free-text responses (n = 33), respondents also noted concerns regarding saturation of inpatient settings and redundancy with required rotations.

CONCLUSIONS:

How to become a good leader and how to become a good educator were identified as PHM competencies that should be, but are not currently, taught at the fourth-year medical student level. A standardized curriculum and strategies to mitigate redundancy with existing rotations may increase satisfaction of students.
Hospital Mortality and Functional Outcomes in Pediatric Neurocritical Care
Authors: Williams Cydni N. , Eriksson Carl O. , Kirby Aileen , Piantino Juan A. , Hall Trevor A. , Luther Madison , McEvoy Cindy T.
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVES:

Pediatric neurocritical care (PNCC) outcomes research is scarce. We aimed to expand knowledge about outcomes in PNCC by evaluating death and changes in Functional Status Scale (FSS) from baseline among PNCC diagnoses.

METHODS:

We conducted a 2-year observational study of children aged 0 to 18 years admitted to the ICU with a primary neurologic diagnosis (N = 325). Primary outcomes were death and change in FSS from preadmission baseline to discharge. New disability was defined as an FSS change of ≥1 from baseline, and severe disability was defined as an FSS change of ≥3. Categorical results are reported as relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI).

RESULTS:

Thirty (9%) patients died. New disability (n = 103; 35%) and severe disability (n = 37; 13%) were common in PNCC survivors. New disability (range 14%–54%) and severe disability (range 3%–33%) outcomes varied significantly among primary diagnoses (lowest in status epilepticus; highest in infectious and/or inflammatory and stroke cohorts). Disability occurred in all FSS domains: mental status (15%), sensory (52%), communication (38%), motor (48%), feeding (40%), and respiratory (12%). Most (64%) patients with severe disability had changes in ≥3 domains. Requiring critical care interventions (RR 2.1; 95% CI 1.5–3.1) and having seizures (RR 1.5; 95% CI 1.1–2.0) during hospitalization were associated with new disability.

CONCLUSIONS:

PNCC patients have high rates of death and new disability at discharge, varying significantly between PNCC diagnoses. Multiple domains of disability are affected, underscoring the ongoing multidisciplinary health care needs of survivors. Our study quantified hospital outcomes of PNCC patients that can be used to advance future research in this vulnerable population.
Acute Kidney Injury in Children Hospitalized With Diarrheal Illness in the United States
Authors: Bradshaw Christina , Han Jialin , Chertow Glenn M. , Long Jin , Sutherland Scott M. , Anand Shuchi
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVES:

To determine the incidence, correlates, and consequences of acute kidney injury (AKI) among children hospitalized with diarrheal illness in the United States.

METHODS:

Using data from Kids’ Inpatient Database in 2009 and 2012, we studied children hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of diarrheal illness (weighted N = 113 195). We used the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, diagnosis codes 584.5 to 584.9 to capture AKI. We calculated the incidence, correlates, and consequences (mortality, length of stay [LOS], and costs) of AKI associated with hospitalized diarrheal illness using stepwise logistic regression and generalized linear models.

RESULTS:

The average incidence of AKI in children hospitalized with diarrheal illness was 0.8%. Hospital location and teaching status were associated with the odds of AKI, as were older age, solid organ transplant, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and rheumatologic and hematologic conditions. The development of AKI in hospitalized diarrheal illness was associated with an eightfold increase in the odds of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio 8.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.2–15.4). AKI was associated with prolonged LOS (mean increase 3.0 days; 95% CI 2.3–3.8) and higher hospital cost (mean increase $9241; 95% CI $4661–$13 820).

CONCLUSIONS:

Several demographic factors and comorbid conditions are associated with the risk of AKI in children hospitalized with diarrheal illness. Although rare, development of AKI in this common pediatric condition is associated with increased mortality, LOS, and hospital cost.
Bank business modeling and levels of non-performing loans:Perspectives of international risk factors in Ukraine
Authors: Vovchak Olha , Reverchuk Serhij , Rudevska Viktoria , Khlan Yaroslav
Published: December 2019

This article identifies five different banking business models using the k-means method and demonstrates how banks carried out the migration between defined clusters during the banking crisis. The article identifies and links the banks with the business model they are most exposed to in terms of risk of insolvency. The factors that influence the rate of non-performing loans are defined. Developed econometric models will allow banks with certain business models to improve their activity with non-performing loans. The article also analyzes how the amount of loans to related parties can be injected into the amount of non-performing loans.
Seasonal influence on mineral concentration of forages on flooded pastures in South Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Ali Asep Indra Munawar , Sandi Sofia , Riswandi Riswandi , Muhakka Muhakka
Published: December 2019

This study was conducted to evaluate macro- and micro-mineral concentrations in forages growing on seasonally flooded native pastures in non-tidal swamps of South Sumatra, Indonesia and grazed by buffalo. The upper part of native forage plants from 5 species of Poaceae, 4 species of Leguminosae, 3 species of Cyperaceae and 1 species of Onagraceae were sampled by hand-plucking during flooded and dry seasons. The results showed that mineral concentrations of forages varied greatly between seasons. In general concentrations of most minerals were adequate to supply the dietary needs of grazing ruminants in both wet and dry seasons. Phosphorus (P) concentrations were low in all species in both wet and dry seasons but growing animals should select a diet adequate in P, while lactating females could benefit from P supplementation. In cut-and-carry situations, animals would probably respond to additional P in the diet. These hypotheses need testing in the field.
Study Experimental and Numerical Simulations of the Micro-hardness Tests in AL-FE alloy in Different Laser Beam Scanning
Authors: Meza Pariona Moises
Published: December 2019

In the Al–2.0 wt.%Fe alloy the laser surface remelting (LSR) treatment was executed to investigate the treated and untreated layers areas, at different laser beam scanning, among them, 80, 100 and 120 mm/s, to respect, was presented and discussed about microstructural characteristics using the FEG and EDS techniques, and numerical experiments of pyramidal indentations of the LSR-treated systems were conducted using the FEM method. In the sample-treated cross-sectional area, the microstructure presented a columnar growth characteristic, a lot of nano-porosities and large size of the molten pool geometry in low laser beam scanning, however, in high laser beam scanning, the microstructure consisted of a cellular arrangement or fine-grained microstructure, the nano-porosities concentration and the molten pool geometry are slightly decreased. Besides, the micro-hardness in the LSR-treated area increased slightly as a function of increase of the laser beam scanning, but, the micro-hardness was much higher than the untreated sample. Meanwhile, modeling of indentation on COMSOL of the LSR-treatment by finite element method of the micro-hardness was successfully calculated. Therefore, a good agreement was found between experimental and simulated data.
Phenomenological Model of Hydrodynamic Cavitation Influence on Water Systems
Authors: Kulagin Vladimir A. , Kulagina Tatiana A. , Shelenkova Veronika V.
Published: December 2019

The rheological aspects of supercavitation flows in the flow part of technological equipment are considered. The description of the behavior of a cavitation spherical bubble in a liquid led to the formulation and solution of the boundary conjugation problem. It is shown that a cavitation spherical microbubble in its dynamics moves in a space structured by microturbulent vortices formed by the interference of rarefaction-compression waves resulting from the pulsation of cavitation microbubbles. As a result of the application of this model, the accuracy of calculating the supercavitation flow during the design of technological equipment for the treatment of heterogeneous media in the aquatic environment has increased
What Form of Government Exists in Modern Russia?
Authors: Chirkin V E
Published: December 2019

Application to Russia (and other states), the term «half presidential (semi-présidentielle) republic») failed. In accordance with the constitutional regulations of Russia it is hybrid, presidential-parliamentary republic with presidential dominance in the system of state power, but in practice according to the real balance of powers of the state, the supreme bodies of state, backward and forward linkages of organs of a state with the population of Russia it is a presidential republic. In the article are signs of prezidencializm and parliamentarism in the form.
Rationality as a Means of Formalism in Science and Practice (criminal procedural aspect)
Authors: Tymoshenko А А
Published: December 2019

The article deals with the use of reasonable categories in the science and practice of criminal justice. It is proposed not to allow the formalization of criminal procedural activities.
Legal policy in the post-classical measurement
Authors: Chestnov I L
Published: December 2019

The author shows the challenges that imposes for legal policy post-classical picture of the world. This challenge forced to reconsider the classical management theory, which lies at the basis of legal policy. The author believes a realistic view of legal policy of the discursive practice of manipulation of public consciousness.
Legitimation of legal institutes as an actual political purpose
Authors: Belyaev M A
Published: December 2019

In this article the author is considering the phenomenon of the juridical legitimation. During the reasoning the following is justified: (1) the legitimacy of the norms in modern democratic society is the criterion of the quality of the legal regulation; (3) legitimate norms, since they are a social fact, play a positive role in the processes of social and systematic integration. It is also set up that an optimal democratic mechanism of the legitimization of law is the subjects’ mutual acceptance of each other’s legal system. The acceptance has a multilayer dimension, but its legal part is just an intermediate phase, which terminates, according to A. Honnets’s concept, with the establishment of the integrative connection between an individual and the society. The conclusion is that the ideological support of legitimizing of law is an actual political task of the contemporary state.
To the problem of social control over the activities of the courts (the modern realities and experience of organization of Russian medieval court)
Authors: Dyachkova A I
Published: December 2019

In this article we turn to the important problem of control over the activity of courts. Currently in the society remains dissatisfaction with the functioning of the Russian judicial system. The historical example of the author shows the importance of the participation of the representatives of the public (people) in the administration of justice. The further development of the legal tradition is an important guarantee of a fair trial.
Imperatives of a democratic secular state are the foundation of a spiritual and moral consolidation of society
Authors: Okhotsky Y V
Published: December 2019

The article explores the issues of a modern secular state, analyzes its essential features, major directions of its confessional policy, its role in molding spiritual and moral environment of a present-day Russian society. The author concludes that only consistent implementation of the principles of democracy, rule of law, morality, respect for dignity and religious feelings of man is capable of resisting the forces trying to destroy the spiritual bonds of a human community and a human personality.
Value of the constitutional teleology and constitutional legitimacy of the political and ideological diversity (pluralism): doctrine and practice
Authors: Kravets I A
Published: December 2019

The article examines the legal nature and mission the constitutional teleology, the role of teleological function of the constitution in the Soviet and modern Russian legal system, the concept and types of constitutional legitimacy, the relationship of constitutional legitimacy and political and ideological foundations of the constitutional system, the nature and limitations of the principles of political pluralism, multi-party system and ideological pluralism.
The idea of justice and the constitutional problems of welfare state
Authors: Kochetkov V V
Published: December 2019

Why in the process of overcoming the consequences of the crisis are increasingly talking about the need to reject the model of the welfare state? The author believes that the bases for such arguments are real constitutional problems of theory and practice of the welfare state. However, their resolution based on the proposed in this paper axiological understanding of constitutionalism allows you to save institutions that are necessary to implement the basic values of Western civilization - freedom and justice. Only on this basis it is possible to develop a public consensus on the ways to overcome the current crisis. In addition, this first implementation, and reasonable in the Russian literature axiological interpretation of constitutionalism has, in author’s opinion, to determine the lawmaking and enforcement in the Russian Federation.
The right to a healthy environment: social purpose, content and protection
Authors: Danilova N V
Published: December 2019

In the hierarchy of ecological and legal norms to ensure the right to a healthy environment it serves not just one of the principles of legal regulation in the field of environmental protection, but defines the ultimate goal, the social purpose of the industry of environmental law. Along with other global human rights the right in question acts as an indicator of the quality of human life. Analysis of the content of the right to blagopriyanuyu environment leads to the conclusion that the positive law, it is not a form of subjective rights and the legally protected interest. Therefore, it is sufficient to describe the characteristics of only the very good - the right to object, which is the favorable environment, its speakers, as well as ways to remedy.
About limits in tax process
Authors: Mardasova М Е
Published: December 2019

This paper is devoted tax procedural time limits, acting on the present stage of development of the Russian tax law. The author offers a general description of these limits and discusses their main distinctive features.
The contract purchasing system: the concept and the development prospects
Authors: Konysheva T А
Published: December 2019

This article is revealed the idea of the contract system and also the essence and the necessity at the present time. The urgency of the topic is connected with the changing of legislation in the sphere of procurement of goods, work and services for the state and municipal needs. The performed work allows us to make a conclusion about the significant effects of the contract system on the activity of the state agencies and juridical person.
Freedoms of work as value of the right and consequence of its realization
Authors: Chikireva I Р
Published: December 2019

In article it is noted that freedom of work defined by the Constitution, had direct impact on development of variety of forms of application of work. The greatest volume of privileges and guarantees is provided for the citizens which activity is issued by the service contract and the employment contract, minimum - for the persons working on the contract of civil character. Problems of legal regulation of the atypical labor relations, work of loan and remote workers, psychological prosecution at («mobbing») work are considered. If the atypical labor relations are actually issued by the civil contract, possibility of recognition their labor on the basis of article 11 of the Labour code is minimum. The constitutional freedom of work affected that the labor relations became more flexible, having changed and quantitatively (by types), and is qualitative (on signs, subjects, object and the contents), but changes have to take place in the certain limits caused by socially directed purposes and tasks of the Constitution and the labor legislation.
Legal immunities of «color revolutions»
Authors: Lisitsyn-Svetlanov A G
Published: December 2019

In the XX century developed recognized with mandatory nature of international legal principles designed to protect the state and the people from external threats. The effect of these principles related to the problem of human rights that are guaranteed by several international conventions. Proclaimed in international instruments of human rights are based on the understanding of universal humanism. European understanding of human rights could claim leadership, but the events of recent decades suggest that the West European approach does not become a model for the rest of the world. The peoples will inevitably put in this concept the content of which reflects the peculiarities of national traditions, as well as more general civilizational identity. The practice indicates that the thesis of human rights violations is often used as a pretext for interference in the affairs of sovereign states, the method of intervention are the «color revolutions». Declarative support for democracy becomes a violation of the basic principles of international law of noninterference in the internal affairs of a sovereign state, the principle of sovereign equality of States, etc. The autonomous status of Russia objectively gives rise to the problem of building its relations with other states. It is necessary to strengthen the national legal system as the guarantor of national sovereignty, ensure its interaction with international law and foreign legal systems. It seems appropriate to highlight those areas of national regulation, which are able to enhance the immunity of the state to export a «color revolution».
The right of insurrection and «color» revolutions in the modern world
Authors: Romanovsky G B
Published: December 2019

The article examines the right to revolt as one of the elements of the collective rights of citizens stipulated by international documents. We consider the consequences of the «color revolutions» that have occurred in the last two decades. Conclusions on the political context of any revolutionary movement.
New meanings for the concept of «legal entropy»
Authors: Erokhina Y V
Published: December 2019

The author from the point of synergetic approach considers the concept of «legal entropy» in classical and non-classical versions. The article describes connection between entropy and uncertainty, disorder, disorganization, lack of organization, aggravation of contradictions in the legal system, instability, a measure of matter motion.
Theory of federalism: Mission completed
Authors: Ponomareva I P
Published: December 2019

The article is devoted to the analysis of theory of federalism, sources and reasons of development of this theory.