bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining the Empirical Links Between Digital Social Pressure, Personality, Psychological Distress, Social Support, Users’ Residential Living Conditions, and Smartphone Addiction
Authors: Herrero Juan , Torres Andrea , Vivas Pep , Arenas Álvaro E. , Urueña Alberto
Published: March 2021

Based on the recent scientific literature on the social ecology of smartphone addiction, we have examined the empirical relationship between social digital pressure (SDP) and smartphone addiction by also looking at the influence of users’ personalities, psychological distress, social support, and residential social living conditions on this addiction. The analyses were carried out on a nationally representative sample of 2,820 Spanish smartphone users. The results of the causal and multigroup models (structural equation model) indicated that the SDP was positively related to smartphone addiction. This influence was also independent of the effects on smartphone addiction of some personality traits (mainly low conscientiousness), high depression, low social support, and high social disorder in the neighborhood. SDP also showed an important mediating effect mainly for social factors (social support and social disorder in the neighborhood). SDP may be a relevant variable for understanding the potential risk of smartphone addiction in cases where there is a high need for social connection.
Development and Validation of a Clinical Frailty Index for the World Trade Center General Responder Cohort
Authors: Bello Ghalib A. , Ornstein Katherine A. , Lucchini Roberto G. , Hung William W. , Ko Fred C. , Colicino Elena , Taioli Emanuela , Crane Michael A. , Todd Andrew C.
Published: March 2021

Objectives: To develop and validate a clinical frailty index to characterize aging among responders to the 9/11 World Trade Center (WTC) attacks. Methods: This study was conducted on health monitoring data on a sample of 6197 responders. A clinical frailty index, WTC FI-Clinical, was developed according to the cumulative deficit model of frailty. The validity of the resulting index was assessed using all-cause mortality as an endpoint. Its association with various cohort characteristics was evaluated. Results: The sample’s median age was 51 years. Thirty items were selected for inclusion in the index. It showed a strong correlation with age, as well as significant adjusted associations with mortality, 9/11 exposure severity, sex, race, pre-9/11 occupation, education, and smoking status. Discussion: The WTC FI-Clinical highlights effects of certain risk factors on aging within the 9/11 responder cohort. It will serve as a useful instrument for monitoring and tracking frailty within this cohort.
Motherhood 2.0: Slow Progress for Career Women and Motherhood within the ‘Finnish Dream’
Authors: Niemistö Charlotta , Hearn Jeff , Kehn Carolyn , Tuori Annamari
Published: March 2021

This article investigates the gendered dynamics of motherhood and careers, as voiced by professionals in the knowledge-intensive business sector in Finland. It is informed by the CIAR method through 81 iterative, in-depth interviews with 23 women and 19 men. Among the women respondents with no children, one child, or two children, three dominant forms of discursive talk emerge: ‘It takes two to tango’, ‘It’s all about time management’ and ‘Good motherhood 2.0’. Though Finland provides a seemingly egalitarian Nordic welfare state context, with the ‘Finnish Dream’, women face contradictions between expectations of women as full-time ideal workers pursuing masculinist careers and continuing responsibilities at home, performing ‘good motherhood’. The women’s double strivings meet the double constraining demands of these ideals. The gendered pressures are imposed on the women by themselves, male colleagues, the organisation more broadly and society, leading the women to enact a form of ‘bounded individualism’.
Real-time vision-based multiple object tracking of a production process: Industrial digital twin case study
Authors: Ward Robert , Soulatiantork Payam , Finneran Shaun , Hughes Ruby , Tiwari Ashutosh
Published: March 2021

The adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies within the manufacturing and process industries is widely accepted to have benefits for production cycles, increase system flexibility and give production managers more options on the production line through reconfigurable systems. A key enabler in Industry 4.0 technology is the rise in Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and Digital Twins (DTs). Both technologies connect the physical to the cyber world in order to generate smart manufacturing capabilities. State of the art research accurately describes the frameworks, challenges and advantages surrounding these technologies but fails to deliver on testbeds and case studies that can be used for development and validation. This research demonstrates a novel proof of concept Industry 4.0 production system which lays the foundations for future research in DT technologies, process optimisation and manufacturing data analytics. Using a connected system of commercial off-the-shelf cameras to retrofit a standard programmable logic controlled production process, a digital simulation is updated in real time to create the DT. The system can identify and accurately track the product through the production cycle whilst updating the DT in real-time. The implemented system is a lightweight, low cost, customable and scalable design solution which provides a testbed for practical Industry 4.0 research both for academic and industrial research purposes.
Design and fabrication of active noise control system for a grass cutter
Authors: Khan Rahmatullah , Muzammil Mohammad , Farooq Omar
Published: March 2021

Active noise control technique was used to reduce noise generated by a grass cutting machine. Grass cutting machine running on a diesel engine generates loud noise of about 105 dBA. Based on the spectral analysis of engine noise, it was observed that frequencies in the range of 440–5000 Hz were having more noise power. An active noise control circuit was designed and fabricated using operational amplifiers. The active noise control circuit was tested with the help of a duct made of thermocol. Results show that reduction in noise up to 10 dBA was obtained when the active noise control circuit was used with a duct made of thermocol, while a reduction up to 5 dBA was obtained when used on a grass cutting machine. The active noise control system developed may be used to reduce noise generated by a grass cutting machine.
Performance of the combined hydropneumatic isolations on improving vibration of vibratory roller cab: Experiment and simulation
Authors: Zhou Huaxiang , Nguyen Vanliem , Wu Xiaoyan
Published: March 2021

This study, based on preeminent characteristics of both the pneumatic and hydraulic isolations, combined hydropneumatic isolations (CHPIs), is proposed for improving the cab ride quality of the vibratory rollers in low-frequency domain. A 3D dynamic model and mathematical model of the cab isolations and the vibratory rollers are established to simulate CHPI’s characteristics under the excitations of the off-road terrain and vibratory drum at 28 Hz and 35 Hz. To enhance the reliability of research results, vehicle’s mathematical models are also verified via the experimental investigation. The effectiveness of CHPIs on ameliorating the cab’s ride quality is then analyzed via two indicators of the power spectral density (PSD) acceleration on the frequency region and root-mean-square (RMS) acceleration on the time domain of the cab and operator seat. It is found that with the combination of the high-elastic stiffness parameter and high nonlinear damping coefficient of CHPIs using for the vehicle’s cab isolations, the results of the cab’s ride quality are greatly improved compared with other cab isolations in the well-known existing works.
Biosynthesized TiO2 nanoparticles an efficient biogenic material for photocatalytic and antibacterial applications
Authors: Meenatchisundaram Nagalakshmi , Chellamuthu Jeganathan , Jeyaraman Anandha Raj , Arjunan Nithya , Muthuramalingam Jothi Basu , Karuppuchamy Subbian
Published: March 2021

A simple one-step biosynthesis route has been adopted for the synthesis of high crystalline phase pure anatase TiO2 nanoparticles. The structural conformation and functional group analysis of the synthesized nanoparticles were made through X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), respectively. The optical property and the band gap were estimated by using UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS). The surface morphological properties of the anatase TiO2 nanoparticles were confirmed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and the size of the synthesized nanoparticles are 8 nm. The element analysis was evaluated by using EDS and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The photocatalytic activity of the prepared sample was investigated by the decolourization of Methylene blue dye under UV and solar light irradiation. The maximum dye removal efficiency of 99.2% was observed for solar light irradiation. Besides, the prepared samples also exhibit excellent antibacterial activity against Klebsilla Pneumoniae and Streptococcus Pneumoniae. The antibacterial activity for the synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles show maximum zone of inhibition (23.5 mm). Thus, the biogenic property of the bioprocessed TiO2 nanoparticles is a potential material for environmental and biomedical applications.

[Formula: see text]
Which patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in remission can withdraw low dose steroids? Results from a single inception cohort study
Authors: Fasano Serena , Coscia Melania Alessia , Pierro Luciana , Ciccia Francesco
Published: March 2021

Background

A progressive tapering until withdrawal of glucocorticoids (GC) is considered one of the main goals of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) management. However, which patient may be a candidate for safe GC withdrawal has not been determined yet. This study aimed to evaluate the rate of low-dose GC withdrawal in SLE patients in remission and to identify predictors of flares.

Methods

Eligible patients were SLE patients in prolonged clinical remission defined by a cSLEDAI = 0 for at least 2 years and on a stable SLE treatment (including daily 5 mg prednisone). Flares were defined by SELENA-SLEDAI Flare Index. Predictors of flares after GC withdrawal were analyzed by Cox regression.

Results

We selected 56 patients in whom a GC withdrawal was attempted. 98 patients were in the prednisone maintenance group. The proportion of patients experiencing a flare was not significantly lower in the maintenance group than in the withdrawal group (p = 0.81). However, among the withdrawal group, the rate of flares was significantly higher in serologically active clinically quiescent (SACQ) patients (p < 0,0001). At Cox regression analysis, duration of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) therapy and ≥5 year remission at withdrawal were protective factors, while a SACQ disease and history of lupus nephritis increased the risk of disease flare.

Conclusion

GC withdrawal is an achievable target in SLE and may be attempted in patients in complete remission.However, it might underline a caution in patients with SACQ disease who may be at greater risk forflare when GCare discontinued. HCQ therapy and durable remission can significantly reduce the risk.
#Ledatoo: The morality of Leda and the Swan in teaching stylistics
Authors: Cook Guy
Published: March 2021

The article discusses the morality of W. B. Yeats’ sonnet Leda and the Swan in the context of a widening gap between the sexual mores of earlier times and our own, and whether the poem remains a suitable choice for the teaching of stylistics. I begin by examining stylistics treatments of the poem, and its political, social and artistic context, then move on to consider charges of misogyny against the poem for eroticising and failing to condemn the rape it depicts. To assess these charges I examine other literary uses of the Leda myth both before and after Yeats, including earlier poems which romanticise the rape, and later ones which vilify it. I also consider the implications of my discussion for the teaching of other canonical poems on similar themes. The last part of the paper discusses more generally the place of morality in literature and literature teaching, including stylistics: whether teachers and analysts should promote a moral world view and moral behaviour through their choice of texts and comments on them, or whether there are other valid criteria for selecting and describing a text such as Leda and the Swan. To elucidate current views, I draw parallels with the moral didacticism of the highly influential literary critic F. R. Leavis in the mid twentieth century, and ask whether aspects of his patrician view have undergone a surreptitious revival in some contemporary pedagogy and criticism at the beginning of the twenty first.
Impact of National Health Mission of India on Infant and Maternal Mortality: A Logical Framework Analysis
Authors: Kumar Rajesh
Published: March 2021

Background:

Since independence, life expectancy has increased substantially in India, but the goal of health-for-all has not been achieved yet. Hence, National Rural Health Mission was launched in 2005, and several strategies were implemented to strengthen the health system. Impact evaluation of the mission was done to learn lessons for future health planning.

Materials and Methods:

Logical evaluation framework was used to examine input, output and impact indicators systematically using time series data from Health Management Information System, National Family Health Surveys, National Sample Surveys and Sample Registration Scheme.

Findings:

After launch of the mission, fund allocation has increased nearly five times. The number of auxiliary nurse midwives has doubled, and the number of nurses has trebled. The number of accredited social health activists has increased to about one million. Institutional deliveries have increased from 38.7% in 2005–2006 to 78.9% in 2015–2016. Full immunisation coverage has increased from 43.5% to 62%. Oral rehydration solution (ORS) use in childhood diarrhoea has increased from 26% to 51%. Infant mortality rate has declined from 58 in 2005 to 33 per 1,000 live births in 2017 and maternal mortality ratio has also registered a decline from 254 in 2004–2006 to 122/100000 live births in 2015–2017. However, out-of-pocket health expenditure continues to be fairly high (69.3% of the total expenditure on health).

Conclusions:

Though National Health Mission has made a significant impact, the goal of universal care coverage is not yet fully achieved. Hence, capacity of health system needs to be trebled by a substantial increase in fund allocation.
A Review of Publicly Available Automatic Brain Segmentation Methodologies, Machine Learning Models, Recent Advancements, and Their Comparison
Authors: Singh Mahender Kumar , Singh Krishna Kumar
Published: March 2021

Background:

The noninvasive study of the structure and functions of the brain using neuroimaging techniques is increasingly being used for its clinical and research perspective. The morphological and volumetric changes in several regions and structures of brains are associated with the prognosis of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy, schizophrenia, etc. and the early identification of such changes can have huge clinical significance. The accurate segmentation of three-dimensional brain magnetic resonance images into tissue types (i.e., grey matter, white matter, cerebrospinal fluid) and brain structures, thus, has huge importance as they can act as early biomarkers. The manual segmentation though considered the “gold standard” is time-consuming, subjective, and not suitable for bigger neuroimaging studies. Several automatic segmentation tools and algorithms have been developed over the years; the machine learning models particularly those using deep convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture are increasingly being applied to improve the accuracy of automatic methods.

Purpose:

The purpose of the study is to understand the current and emerging state of automatic segmentation tools, their comparison, machine learning models, their reliability, and shortcomings with an intent to focus on the development of improved methods and algorithms.

Methods:

The study focuses on the review of publicly available neuroimaging tools, their comparison, and emerging machine learning models particularly those based on CNN architecture developed and published during the last five years.

Conclusion:

Several software tools developed by various research groups and made publicly available for automatic segmentation of the brain show variability in their results in several comparison studies and have not attained the level of reliability required for clinical studies. The machine learning models particularly three dimensional fully convolutional network models can provide a robust and efficient alternative with relation to publicly available tools but perform poorly on unseen datasets. The challenges related to training, computation cost, reproducibility, and validation across distinct scanning modalities for machine learning models need to be addressed.
#ImNotAChickFlick: Neoliberalism and Post-feminism in Veere Di Wedding (My Friend’s Wedding, 2018)
Authors: Anwer Megha , Arora Anupama
Published: March 2021

Released in 2018, Shashanka Ghosh’s Veere Di Wedding ( VDW; My Friend’s Wedding), dubbed as India’s answer to Sex and the City, evoked mixed responses. While many reviews of the film denounced it for its vulgarity and tawdriness, frivolity, flippant vision of women’s liberation and as a threat to Indian values, others, however, celebrated it for its frank depiction of female desires. This article undertakes a close study of the film to argue that while the focus on female desire and sexuality is rare in Hindi cinema, and thus VDW marks an important landmark, the film is not a feminist film, and it does not offer a radical politics of female solidarity. On the contrary, by locating it within its neoliberal and postfeminist politics and aesthetics, we will argue that it haphazardly borrows and superimposes tropes from the ‘bromance’ and ‘the buddy road movie’ genres onto its vision of what feminine choices entail and enable. Its casual evocation of elite lifestyles, denigration of working-class women’s life struggles, and sexual humour jeopardise a radical reworking of patriarchal and heteronormative frameworks, and it encourages us to settle for a future in which ‘women playing the same games as men do’ is the only mode of radicalism or emancipation on offer. While it is undeniably refreshing to watch the film’s push back against the repressive taboos surrounding women’s sexuality and desire, these are articulated only within neoliberal renditions of heterosexuality, matrimony, motherhood and consumerism.
Transformation of acoustic energy into electrical energy in a smart window: Model and investigation
Authors: Volkovas Vitalijus , Mikalauskas Robertas , Uldinskas Ernestas
Published: March 2021

This study focuses on the results obtained by the transformation of acoustic energy in the form of vibrations into electrical energy. The vibrations are transmitted from outdoors through a window glass covered with piezoelectric material. Only one side of the window glass is covered with piezoelectric material at certain positions. The paper also presents a mathematical model to describe the transformation of acoustic energy into electrical energy. The results obtained from the numerical experiments are used to determine the dimensions of the piezoelectric film and their optimum positions on the glass for electricity generation. The correct placement of piezoelectric material on the glass generates electrical energy of approximately 10 mV. The use of smart materials in window glass allows the management of acoustic energy.
Esophagus-Like Bronchus: A Noncommunicating Bronchopulmonary Foregut Malformation
Authors: Weon Jenny L. , Megison Stephen , Timmons Charles F. , Rakheja Dinesh
Published: March 2021

We describe a previously unreported bronchopulmonary foregut malformation wherein a segment of a bronchus of the lower lobe of the left lung in a 4-year-old girl was entirely esophageal in structure. No communication was identified between the tracheobronchial tree and the esophagus by radiologic examination or at surgery. The esophagus-like bronchus was associated with an adjacent atretic bronchus and a downstream cavity in the lower lobe of the left lung. The child sought clinical attention because of recurrent pulmonary infections localized to the lower lobe of the lung. We posit that this esophagus-like bronchus is a novel noncommunicating bronchopulmonary foregut malformation.
Effects of the CMS’ Public Reporting Program for Inpatient Psychiatric Facilities on Targeted and Nontargeted Safety: Differences Between For-Profits and Nonprofits
Authors: Shields Morgan C.
Published: March 2021

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services implemented the Inpatient Psychiatric Facility Quality Reporting Program in 2012, which publicly reports facilities’ performance on restraint and seclusion (R-S) measures. Using data from Massachusetts, we examined whether nonprofits and for-profits responded differently to the program on targeted indicators, and if the program had a differential spillover effect on nontargeted indicators of quality by ownership. Episodes of R-S (targeted), complaints (nontargeted), and discharges were obtained for 2008-2017 through public records requests to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Using difference-in-differences estimators, we found no differential changes in R-S between for-profits and nonprofits. However, for-profits had larger increases in overall complaints, safety-related complaints, abuse-related complaints, and R-S-related complaints compared with nonprofits. This is the first study to examine the effects of a national public reporting program among psychiatric facilities on nontargeted measures. Researchers and policymakers should further scrutinize intended and unintended consequences of performance-reporting programs.
Canaloplasty with mitomycin C after previous combined cataract surgery and Schlemm’s canal microstent implantation
Authors: Elksne Eva , Mercieca Karl , Prokosch-Willing Verena
Published: March 2021

We report on a 56-year-old male with primary open-angle glaucoma who underwent mitomycin C augmented canaloplasty enabling filtration in the right eye after cataract surgery combined with a Schlemm’s canal microstent 3 years previously. He showed progressive glaucomatous optic neuropathy and was highly myopic (axial length 32.05 mm, spherical equivalent −18.75 dioptres in the right eye). Augmented canaloplasty was performed uneventfully and 360° catheterisation was achieved followed by the placement of a 10-0 polypropylene suture in Schlemm’s canal. Intraocular pressure (IOP) in the first post-operative day was reduced from 19 to 6 mmHg. At 1-month follow-up IOP was 12 mmHg off glaucoma medications. The presence of a minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) device did not hinder successful catheterisation of Schlemm’s canal. Significant reduction of IOP was obtained in the early post-surgical period. No intra-operative complications were registered and only transient hyphema in early post-operative period was reported. This augmented canaloplasty could be an effective alternative to trabeculectomy even after Schlemm’s canal microstent implantation.
Effect of defocus combined with rotation on the optical performance of trifocal toric IOLs
Authors: Ruiz-Alcocer Javier , Martínez-Alberquilla Irene , Lorente-Velázquez Amalia , Alfonso José F , Madrid-Costa David
Published: March 2021

Purpose:

To objectively analyze the optical quality of the FineVision Toric intraocular lens (IOL) with two cylinder powers when different combinations of rotations and residual refractive errors are induced.

Methods:

This study assessed the FineVision Toric IOL with two different cylinder powers: 1.5 and 3.0 diopters (D). Three different rotation positions were considered: centered, 5° and 10° rotated. An optical bench (PMTF) was used for optical analysis. The optical quality of the IOLs was calculated by the modulation transfer function (MTF) at five different focal points (0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 D).

Results:

The MTF averaged value of the reference situation was 38.58 and 37.74 for 1.5 and 3.0 D of cylinder, respectively. For the 1.5 D cylinder, the combination of 5° of rotation with a defocus of 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0 D induced a decrease on the MTF of 12.39, 19.94, 23.43, 24.23 units, respectively. When induced rotation was 10°, the MTF decrease was 17.26, 23.40, 24.33, 24.48 units, respectively. For the 3.0 D cylinder, the combination of 5° with 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0 D of defocus, induced a decrease on the MTF of 12.51, 18.97, 22.36, 22.48 units, respectively. When induced rotation was 10°, the MTF decrease was: 18.42, 21.57, 23.08, and 23.61 units, respectively.

Conclusion:

For both FineVision Toric IOLs there is a certain optical tolerance to rotations up to 5° or residual refractive errors up to 0.25 D. Situations over these limits and their combination would affect the visual quality of patients implanted with these trifocal toric IOLs.
When the course deviates from expected: Misplacement of an epicutaneo-caval catheter in a neonate
Authors: Kesman Russell A , Mehollin-Ray Amy R , Lantin-Hermoso Regina , Colquitt John , Fernandes Caraciolo J , Premkumar Muralidhar H
Published: March 2021

Central venous access, a common and essential component of the care of the critically ill neonate, is associated with complications such as infection, thrombosis, and bleeding. Unintentional arterial cannulation of a venous catheter is a rare but potentially dangerous complication. In the report, we describe the accidental cannulation of an artery with an epicutaneo-caval catheter in an extremely low birth weight infant. We discuss the physical and radiological findings that raise the suspicion of an arterial placement of a catheter, the diagnostic tools to confirm the misplacement, the potential complications, and strategies to prevent it.
Outcome of tibio-saphanous arteriovenous fistula in patients with failed upper extremity dialysis access: A report of two cases
Authors: Mandwar Milind , Seth Abhinav , Sharma Ashish , Kenwar Deepesh Benjamin , Patil Shivakumar S , Singh Sarbpreet
Published: March 2021

Arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) are the preferred access for hemodialysis in patient with end stage renal disease. Usually, distal vessels of upper limb are preferred. There are situations in which the upper limb cannot be a site for AVFs or graft as in cases of bilateral central venous stenosis or with exhausted sites in upper limb. In these cases, lower limb AVF can be considered. Tibial-saphanous (ankle) fistula should be the preferred site over femoral AVF/graft following the principle of distal to proximal. Also, femoral AVFs are associated with more ischemic and infective complications. The present report describes successful hemodialysis in two patients with tibial-saphanous fistula a site rarely used as an option for HD access. Hemodialysis for over 1 year in one patient and 6 months in the other portrays the success of this approach.
The safety of clinically indicated replacement or routine replacement of peripheral intravenous catheters: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Lu Huapeng , Yang Qinling , Nor Hilal Mohamed , Lv Yi , Zheng Xuemei , Xin Xia , Feng Aifang , Sun Yali , Zhou Xiaoling , Zhang Li , Qu Yan , Li Juanli , Guo Xiaoye , Yang Yali , Jiao Jianfang , Xie Na
Published: March 2021

Objective:

The primary purpose of this study was to explore the safety of peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) replacement every 96 h compared to that of clinically indicated catheter removal.

Methods:

A prospective, single-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted. A random number table method was used. Six hundred patients treated with PIVC intravenous infusion in 10 nursing units of a hospital from September to October 2019 were selected. Sixty were collected from each nursing unit, including 30 in the clinically indicated replacement group and 30 in the routine replacement group. The incidence of phlebitis, catheter-related infection (CRI), occlusion, infiltration, and any form of infusion therapy failure were compared between the two groups. SPSS 23.0 software was used.

Results:

The dwelling times of PIVC in the clinically indicated replacement group and routine replacement group were significantly different (hours) (83.62 ± 50.08, 69.75 ± 25.54, t = 3.021, p = 0.003). The incidence of any form of infusion therapy failure (RR = 4.448, 95% CI: 3.158–6.265, p < 0.001), phlebitis (RR = 2.416, 95% CI: 1.595–3.660, p < 0.001), occlusion (RR = 6.610, 95% CI: 3.062–14.268, p < 0.001), infiltration (RR = 2.607, 95% CI: 1.130–6.016, p = 0.020), accidental dislodgement (RR = 2.027, 95% CI: 1.868–2.200, p = 0.013), and pain at the insertion site (RR = 2.521, 95% CI: 1.742–3.649, p < 0.001) was higher in the clinically indicated replacement group than that in the routine replacement group. The overall survival curve of PIVC was drawn with Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. The median survival time of intravenous infusion was 59.58 h; the cumulative survival rates of 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h were 77.00%, 51.33%, and 20.33%, respectively.

Conclusion:

Replacement of PIVC every 96 h is safer than clinically indicated.
Menstrual cycle resumption and female fertility after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for multiple sclerosis
Authors: Massarotti Claudia , Sbragia Elvira , Boffa Giacomo , Vercelli Caterina , Zimatore Giovanni Bosco , Cottone Salvatore , Frau Jessica , Raiola Annamaria , Varaldo Riccardo , Mancardi Gianluigi , Inglese Matilde , Anserini Paola
Published: March 2021

Data on fertility after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) in women with multiple sclerosis (MS) are inconclusive. This study aims to report on post-aHSCT menstrual resumption in a multi-center MS-women cohort. Out of 43 women, 30 (70%) recovered menses after a mean time of 6.8 months. Older age (odds ratio (OR) = 0.5, p < 0.0001) and previous pulsed cyclophosphamide (OR = 0.44, p = 0.005) were independently associated with a reduced menstrual recovery probability. Conditioning regimens’ intensity resulted not associated with post-procedure amenorrhea. Our results highlight younger age as significantly associated with menses recovery; proper fertility counseling for MS women candidated to aHSCT both prior- and post-transplantation is therefore warranted.
Return to the ancestral land: The semiotic map of the Mapuche people
Authors: Pérez Camila , Marsico Giuseppina
Published: March 2021

Indigenous territorial claims are a long-standing concern in the history of Latin America. Land and nature have profound meaning in indigenous thinking, which is neither totally understood nor legitimized by the rest of society. This article is aimed at shedding light on this matter by examining the meanings at stake in the territorial claims of the Mapuche people. The Mapuche are an indigenous group in Chile, who are striving to recover their ancestral land. This analysis will be based on the concept of Umwelt, coined by von Uexküll to refer to the way in which species interpret their world in connection with the meaning-making process. Considering the applications of Umwelt to the human being, the significance assigned to land and nature by the Mapuche people emerges as a system of meaning that persists over time and promotes interdependence between people and the environment. On the other hand, the territorial claim of the Mapuche movement challenges the fragmentation between individuals and their space, echoing proposals from human geography that emphasize the role of people in the constitution of places.
Conflicts, situated inequality and politics of everyday life
Authors: Højholt Charlotte , Larsen Maja Røn
Published: March 2021

This article discusses theoretical challenges in conceptualising the dialectical relationship between historical conditions and the situated interplay between people in concrete everyday practice. The concept of conflict may help us move beyond tendencies within psychology to separate history and situated practice, structure and activity, and micro- and macroprocesses – and to regard social life as unambiguous or as governed through hegemony. Research on the everyday social life of schools describes societal conflicts about education and how school children deal with unequal conditions when handling the conflictuality of their everyday lives. Analyses of coordination and conflicts between various parties (e.g. children, parents, teachers and psychologists) elucidate connections between intersubjective efforts to make things work in everyday practice and historical struggles related to the school as a social institution. Concepts are required that enable understanding of these processes as historical and political, driven by intersubjectivity related to concrete dilemmas, connected to personal and collaborative conduct of everyday life – processes we term the politics of everyday life. From a social practice perspective, we discuss how to grasp the ways in which people constitute the conditions for each other in a situated interplay in which they deal with common problems and – through these activities – also produce history.
Persistence in Croatian tourism: The impact of COVID-19
Authors: Payne James E , Gil-Alana Luis A , Mervar Andrea
Published: March 2021

This research note examines the change in the degree of persistence in the Croatian tourism indicators, foreign arrivals, and overnight stays, due to the COVID-19 pandemic using recursive estimation of a fractional integration model. The results indicate that the shock from the COVID-19 pandemic can be viewed as permanent in nature. The policy response to restore tourism to its original trend should consider whether such policies proceed as in the past with the promotion of the traditional tourism growth model or support the transformation toward a more sustainable tourism model.
#NoSnowflakes: The toleration of harassment and an emergent gender-related digital divide, in a UK student online culture
Authors: Haslop Craig , O’Rourke Fiona , Southern Rosalynd
Published: March 2021

In recent years, some political commentators and mainstream media outlets in the United Kingdom have pejoratively labelled young people, especially university students, a ‘snowflake generation’ – a term used to mock their perceived intolerance and over-sensitivity (Fox, 2016; Gullis, 2017; Slater, 2016; Talbot, 2020). This article challenges this discourse by drawing on findings from a large-scale study ( N = 810) conducted on a university campus in England that critically examined student’s perceptions of and attitudes to different forms of online harassment, including abusive, offensive and harassing communications, using survey and interview data. Key findings indicate that online harassment is so pervasive in digitised spaces that it is often viewed as the ‘norm’ by the student population who appear willing to tolerate it, rather than take actions to address it, which challenges pejorative claims that they are intolerant and easily offended ‘snowflakes’. Respondents who identify as female and transgender are more likely to be targeted by online harassment. We argue that the label ‘snowflake generation’ is diverting attention away from student’s everyday experiences of online harassment and its adverse effects, particularly on women and transgendered people, which has the potential to create a gender-related digital divide (Jane, 2018). The implications of these findings for the higher education sector will be outlined.
Making sense of child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS): An audit of the referral journey and the use of routine outcome measures (ROMS)
Authors: Gibbons Naomi , Harrison Emma , Stallard Paul
Published: March 2021

Background:

There is increased emphasis on the national reporting of Routine Outcome Measures (ROMS) as a way of improving Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS). This data needs to be viewed in context so that reasons for outcome completion rates are understood and monitored over time.

Method:

We undertook an in-depth prospective audit of consecutive referrals accepted into the Bath and North East Somerset, Swindon and Wiltshire (BSW) CAMHS service from November 2017 to January 2018 ( n = 1074) and April to September 2019 ( n = 1172).

Results:

Across both audits 90% of those offered an appointment were seen with three quarters completing baseline ROMS. One in three were not seen again with around 30% still being open to the service at the end of each audit. Of those closed to the service, paired ROMS were obtained for 46% to 60% of cases. There were few changes in referral problems or complexity factors over time.

Conclusion:

Understanding the referral journey and the reasons for attrition will help to put nationally collected data in context and can inform and monitor service transformation over time.
Associations between social camouflaging and internalizing symptoms in autistic and non-autistic adolescents
Authors: Bernardin Courtney J , Lewis Timothy , Bell Debora , Kanne Stephen
Published: March 2021

Autistic individuals experience higher rates of psychiatric comorbidities than their peers. Camouflaging, the process through which individuals hide autistic traits, can be detrimental to mental health. This may be particularly true for autistic females, although research on sex differences in the relationship between camouflaging and mental health has focused on adults. The purpose of this study was to extend previous research on camouflaging and mental health through examining age, sex, autism diagnosis, and camouflaging as predictors of depression, anxiety, and stress levels in autistic and non-autistic adolescents. One hundred forty adolescents ages 13–18 years (62 non-autistic, 58 female) completed an online survey including measures of camouflaging, autistic traits, and internalizing symptoms. Hierarchical linear regression was used to examine age, sex, diagnosis, and camouflaging as predictors of internalizing symptoms. Findings suggest that level of camouflaging is an important predictor of depression, anxiety, and stress in autistic and non-autistic adolescents and that camouflaging may be particularly distressing for females, regardless of diagnosis. These findings inform our understanding of camouflaging and its consequences and point to future directions for support for autistic and non-autistic adolescents. Clinicians may consider interventions targeting social skills, self-acceptance, and self-esteem to reduce possible negative effects of camouflaging.

Lay abstract

Autistic individuals have more mental health difficulties than non-autistic individuals. It is important to understand why this might be. Research has shown that camouflaging, or strategies used to hide autistic traits, might contribute to mental health difficulties in autistic adults. We examined whether this was also the case for autistic adolescents. This study included 140 adolescents ages 13–18 years (62 non-autistic, 58 female). All participants answered questions about camouflaging, autistic traits, and mental health difficulties. We found that autistic and non-autistic adolescents who reported higher levels of camouflaging also reported higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. We also found that camouflaging might be particularly stressful for females. These findings improve our understanding of camouflaging during adolescence and point to potential ways to support autistic adolescents, such as help with social skills, self-acceptance, and self-esteem. The findings also support the importance of increasing autism acceptance in the general population.
Experiences from leading parental education groups: Perceived difficulties and rewards as an indication of skill acquisition
Authors: Rosander Michael , Forslund Frykedal Karin , Barimani Mia , Berlin Anita
Published: March 2021

Developing skills in a professional setting is linked to practical experience. The relationship between experience and acquisition of skills can be seen as a transition from novice to expert. In a nursing setting, this has been studied using the Dreyfus model of skill acquisition. The aim was to investigate how experience influences midwives’ and child healthcare nurses’ views of difficulties and rewards in working with parental education groups. The study has a cross-sectional design with a mixed methods approach. A total of 437 midwives and child healthcare nurses answered a web-based survey. First, a qualitative analysis was carried out, and then patterns of experience were analysed. The results showed that less experience as a leader corresponds to a greater focus on one’s own role and on personal benefits from working with parents, but not on the specific context of the group. With experience, leaders had a greater focus on the group itself and rewards of making it function well. Not being able to take the current group and the specific context into account when working as a leader reduces possibilities of achieving a well-functioning group and the goals of the parental education.
The perception of humanness in conversational journalism: An algorithmic information-processing perspective
Authors: Shin Donghee
Published: March 2021

How much do anthropomorphisms influence the perception of users about whether they are conversing with a human or an algorithm in a chatbot environment? We develop a cognitive model using the constructs of anthropomorphism and explainability to explain user experiences with conversational journalism (CJ) in the context of chatbot news. We examine how users perceive anthropomorphic and explanatory cues, and how these stimuli influence user perception of and attitudes toward CJ. Anthropomorphic explanations of why and how certain items are recommended afford users a sense of humanness, which then affects trust and emotional assurance. Perceived humanness triggers a two-step flow of interaction by defining the baseline to make a judgment about the qualities of CJ and by affording the capacity to interact with chatbots concerning their intention to interact with chatbots. We develop practical implications relevant to chatbots and ascertain the significance of humanness as a social cue in CJ. We offer a theoretical lens through which to characterize humanness as a key mechanism of human–artificial intelligence (AI) interaction, of which the eventual goal is humans perceive AI as human beings. Our results help to better understand human–chatbot interaction in CJ by illustrating how humans interact with chatbots and explaining why humans accept the way of CJ.
Punishment on arrival: New Zealand’s Returning Offenders Act 2015
Authors: McHardy Claudia
Published: March 2021

Australia’s detention-deportation regime is setting the agenda for New Zealand’s domestic criminal justice system, with implications for criminological understandings of ‘crimmigration’ and ‘bordered penality’. In response to recent changes in Australian migration law which have seen an increased number of deportations to Aotearoa New Zealand, the New Zealand government introduced legislation, the Returning Offenders (Management and Information) (“ROMI”) Act 2015, which created a monitoring regime for returning New Zealanders convicted of criminal offending in an overseas jurisdiction. The sentence an individual is subject to in Australia is extended, both geographically and temporally, creating multiple punishments for this particular group of offenders. While ostensibly modelled from domestic parole arrangements, in practice the ROMI regime entails greater restriction while offering less in the way of legal protection. The differential treatment of returning New Zealanders is sustained through their discursive construction as both “criminals” and de facto “aliens”. By treating returnees as threatening outsiders to be contained, rather than vulnerable people to be supported, the New Zealand state also extends the risk logics underpinning the Australian regime. Although the ROMI Act is novel, the regime conforms to the racialised patterns of exclusion and criminalisation which have persisted in Aotearoa New Zealand since colonisation.
The media diversity and inclusion paradox: Experiences of black and brown journalists in mainstream British news institutions
Authors: Douglas Omega
Published: March 2021

Over 100 British journalists of colour are signatories to an open letter demanding the US Ambassador to the UK condemns the arrest of African-American journalist, Omar Jimenez, on May 29th 2020, whilst he was reporting for CNN on the Minneapolis protests following the police killing of George Floyd. The letter is a vital act of black transatlantic solidarity during a moment when journalism is under threat, economically and politically, and there’s a pandemic of racism in the west. These factors make journalism challenging for reporters from racial minorities, who are already underrepresented in western newsrooms and, as this paper shows, encounter discrimination in the field, as well as within the institutions they work for. The letter speaks to how black British journalists are all too aware that the British journalistic field, like the American one, has a race problem, and institutional commitments to diversity often don’t correspond with the experiences of those included, impacting negatively on the retention of black journalists. Drawing on original interviews with 26 journalists of colour who work for Britain’s largest news organisations, this paper theoretically grounds empirical findings to illustrate why and how discriminatory patterns, as well as contradictions, occur and recur in British news production.
People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experiences With Telemedicine
Authors: Coppock Dagan , Quimby Christine , Nunez Jonathan , Whitener Cynthia , Zurlo John
Published: March 2021

Preserving routine primary care for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) has been an important challenge during the COVID-19 pandemic. Telemedicine platforms have offered novel means through which care for these individuals may be maintained. Opt-In for Life is a unique mobile health application that contains telemedicine capabilities as well as other features designed specifically for the care of PLWH. Opt-In for Life was implemented early in the pandemic at Hershey Medical Center, although the center is now using a different telemedicine platform across its health care system. Institutional decisions regarding telemedicine platforms are complex. Opt-In for Life contains features that may improve the care of PLWH where telemedicine software alone may be limited.