bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPUCTRUM ANALYSIS IN NANOSTRUCTURED FeAl ALLOY
Authors: HOU BI-HUI  , XU YUN-XIA  , HAN SHI-YING  , YI SU  , SHEN BAO-GEN  ,   (1)南京大学固体微结构物理国家重点实验室，南京  210093; (2)中国科学技术大学物理系，合肥  230026; (3)中国科学院物理研究所磁学国家重点实验室，北京  100080
Published: November 2020

When the fraction of inordinate component on the interface or/and surface in nanostructured FeAl is comparable to that of crystal grain which is wrapped up in the former,and there exists Fe-Al-Fe surperexchange or/and Fe-Fe exchange interactions in the inordinate component on the interface or/and surface, a nonmagnetism—magnetism transition between polycrystall FeAl alloy and nanostructured FeAl would result.There was no signal of magnetic resonance in the bulk polycrystal FeAl from the experimental results of electron spin resonance (ESR) in X wave band with a frequancy of 9.48GHz.The ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) signals were observed in the nanostructured samples, whose line widths ΔHpp were over 8×104A/m.Otherwise,an ESR fine structural signal of double peaks of Fe2+ ion was also observed in nanocrystal line samples, the interval of the two peaks was 1.316×105A/m,and the ΔHpp of each peak was smaller than 800A/m.The configuration of the paramagnetic Fe2+ was 3d54s1, and spin quantum number was S＝1,its zero-field splitting D was 2.448GHz,or 10.12×10-6eV.An overlap of the ESR double peaks of paramagnetic Fe2+ and the wide FMR peak resulted in two sharp peaks like resonant singularities on the FMR spectrum.
THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF NONDEGENERATE FOUR-WAVE MIXING IN SEMICONDUCTOR LASER AMPLIFIERS
Authors: JIANG YAN  , CUI YI-PING  , PANG SHU-MING  ,   东南大学电子工程系，南京  210096
Published: November 2020

Theoretical analysis and numerical solution of several physical mechanisms on nondegenerate four-wave mixing(NDFWM) in semiconductor laser amplifiers are presented. Starting from the general carrier rate equation, density-matrix equations and nonlinear wave equations, considering the effects of carrier-density pulsations, carrier heating, and spectral-hole burning, we obtained three sets of nonlinear coupled wave equations, and compared the contributions of the three different physical mechanisms to the NDFWM. We also investigated the effect of linewidth enhancement factor on the conversion efficiency of the NDFWM in semiconductor laser amplifiers.
THE ORBITAL SYMMETRY OF CARBON MONOXIDE ON Cs-PRECOVERED Ru(1010) SURFACE
Authors: LI HAI-YANG  , BAO SHI-NING  , XU BO  , XU CHUN-YI  , HE PI-MO  , XU YA-BAI  , LIU FENG-QIN  , K.YIBULAXIN  , QIAN HAI-JIE  , DONG YU-HUI  ,   (1)浙江大学物理系，杭州  310027; (2)中国科学院高能物理研究所同步辐射实验室，北京  100039
Published: November 2020

The molecular orbits of CO are rearranged under the strong influence of coadsorbed Cs atoms.The peak for CO on clean Ru(1010) surface,at 7.5eV BE attributed to the 5σ and 1π orbits,is split into two peaks with one at 6.3eV BE and the other at 7.8eV BE.The former peak shows an anti-symmetry character about the plane parallel to the crystallographic direction in the surface.
ADSORPTION STRUCTURES OF GLYCINE ON Cu(001)
Authors: ZHAO XUE-YING  , GAI ZHENG  , ZHAO RU-GUANG  , YANG WEI-SHENG  ,   北京大学物理系，人工微结构和介观物理国家重点实验室，北京  100871
Published: November 2020

Low-energy electron diffraction(LEED) and scanning tunneling microscopy(STM) have been used to determine the adsorption structures of glycine on the Cu(001) surface at room temperature.Glycine can adsorb on Cu(001) to form three ordered structures:one c(2×4) and two of the type of (2×4) structures,i.e.,(2×4)1 and (2×4)2.According to the molecular resolution STM images and the rule about missing spots in LEED,it is deduced that the carboxylic groups of the two molecules in a unit cell of any of the two (2×4) structures have the same adsorption geometry with respect to the substrate,while the amino groups do not.The three adsorption structures are expected to have almost the same energy,as the narrow stripped domains of them may co-exist and the c(2×4) and (2×4)2 domains sometimes may even change from one to another.
THE STUDY OF EPITAXIAL GROWTH ZnO THIN FILM ON A (0112) SAPPHIRE SUBSTRATE USING ECR PLASMA SPUTTERING METHOD
Authors: WANG JIAN-HUZ  , YUAN RUN-ZHANG  , WU QIN-CHONG  , REN ZHAO-XING  ,   (1)武汉工业大学材料复合新技术国家重点实验室,武汉 430070; (2)中国科学院等离子体物理研究所,合肥 230031
Published: November 2020

Epitaxial growth of ZnO film on sapphire substrate has important applications in surface acoustic wave and acousto-optical transducers. An epitaxial ZnO film has been grown on a (0112) sapphire substrate using ECR plasma sputtering method at a substrate temperature of 380℃. The film is colourless, transparent and surface smooth. In order to explore the relationship between the deposition parameter and crystal structure of ZnO film, it have been studied that epitaxied growth of ZnO film in different substrate temperatures and deposition rates by XRD method.
A note on the Fermat quartic 34x4 + y4 = z4
Authors:   Kettilsgatan 4A 58221 Linköping, Sweden, Söderlund Gustaf
Published: November 2020

We show that the only primitive non-zero integer solutions to the Fermat quartic 34x4 + y4 = z4 are (x,y,z) = (± 2, ± 3, ± 5). The proofs are based on a previously given complete solution to another Fermat quartic namely x4 + y4 = 17z4 .
On a generalization of the Monkey and Coconuts Problem
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology, Tripathi Amitabha
Published: November 2020

The original version of the Monkey and Coconuts Problem describes a hypothetical situation where five sailors and a monkey are trapped on an island and plan on equally sharing coconuts. The number of coconuts turns out to be one more than a multiple of 5. The first sailor tosses one coconut to the monkey, and then takes his equal share out of the pile. Each subsequent sailor finds the number of remaining coconuts to be one more than a multiple of 5, and repeats this process one at a time. After the last sailor has tossed one coconut to the monkey, he too takes his share. The number of coconuts that remain at this stage is a multiple of 5, and is shared equally by the five sailors. In a variation of the original problem, the number of coconuts that remain after the fifth sailor has had his share is again one more than a multiple of 5. Therefore, one coconut is again tossed to the monkey before the remaining pile can be equally distributed among the five sailors. The problem is to determine the least number of coconuts, and the final share for each sailor in each version. We find explicit solutions for both the original version and the variation in the general case of n sailors in which at each stage r coconuts are tossed to the monkey. Even more generally, we also investigate the two versions when the n sailors leave r_1,\ldots,r_n coconuts to the monkey.
Derangement polynomials with a complex variable
Authors:   Department of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Djelfa, Algeria, Benyattou Abdelkader
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we define new polynomials with a complex variable related to the derangement polynomials and we give some properties of those polynomials. We use umbral calculus to establish a new congruence concerning the derangement polynomials with a complex variable.
New Tribonacci recurrence relations and addition formulas
Authors:   Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Adegoke Kunle , Olatinwo Adenike ,   Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Oyekanmi Winning ,   Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Obafemi Awolowo University
Published: November 2020

Only one three-term recurrence relation, namely, W_{r}=2W_{r-1}-W_{r-4}, is known for the generalized Tribonacci numbers, W_r, r\in Z, defined by W_{r}=W_{r-1}+W_{r-2}+W_{r-3} and W_{-r}=W_{-r+3}-W_{-r+2}-W_{-r+1}, where W_0, W_1 and W_2 are given, arbitrary integers, not all zero. Also, only one four-term addition formula is known for these numbers, which is W_{r + s} = T_{s - 1} W_{r - 1} + (T_{s - 1} + T_{s-2} )W_r + T_s W_{r + 1}, where ({T_r})_{r\in Z} is the Tribonacci sequence, a special case of the generalized Tribonacci sequence, with W_0 = T_0 = 0 and W_1 = W_2 = T_1 = T_2 = 1. In this paper we discover three new three-term recurrence relations and two identities from which a plethora of new addition formulas for the generalized Tribonacci numbers may be discovered. We obtain a simple relation connecting the Tribonacci numbers and the Tribonacci–Lucas numbers. Finally, we derive quadratic and cubic recurrence relations for the generalized Tribonacci numbers.
On the generalized Fibonacci and Lucas 2k−ions
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Köme Sure , Kirik Hafize ,   Department of Mathematics, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University
Published: November 2020

This study introduces the modified generalized Fibonacci and Lucas 2k−ions which are the generalizations of several quaternions, octonions and higher order dimensional algebras. We give the generating functions, the Binet formulas and well-known identities such as Catalan’s identity and Cassini’s identity for the modified generalized Fibonacci and Lucas 2k−ions.
A note on the coefficient array of a generalized Fibonacci polynomial
Authors:   Warrane College, the University of New South Wales, Shannon A. G. , Deveci Ömür ,   Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science & Letters, Kafkas University
Published: November 2020

A particular version of a Fibonacci polynomial is presented and the coefficients are tabulated to bring out some of their number theory properties with known results. Generalizations of the fundamental and primordial Lucas sequences are used in the proofs.
On a sum involving the number of distinct prime factors function related to the integer part function
Authors:   Houari-Boumédiène University of Science and Technology, Bouderbala Mihoub , Karras Meselem ,   Djilali Bounaama Khemis Miliana University
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we obtain asymptotic formula on the sum \sum\limits_{n\leq x}\omega \left( \left\lfloor \frac{x}{n}\right\rfloor \right) , where \omega \left( n\right) denote the number of distinct prime divisors of n and \left\lfloor t\right\rfloor denotes the integer part of t.
Objects generated by an arbitrary natural number
Authors:   Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Atanassov Krassimir ,   Intelligent Systems Laboratory, Prof. Asen Zlatarov University
Published: November 2020

The set \underline{Set}(n), generated by an arbitrary natural number n, is defined. Some arithmetic functions, defined over its elements are introduced. Some of the arithmetic, set-theoretical and algebraic properties of the new objects are studied.
On Pythagorean triplet semigroups
Authors:   SRS College Kleiat, Lebanon, Mhanna Antoine
Published: November 2020

In this note we explain the two pseudo-Frobenius numbers for \langle m^2-n^2,m^2+n^2,2mn\rangle where m and n are two coprime numbers of different parity. This lets us give an Apéry set for these numerical semigroups.
RETRACTED: Bach2 overexpression represses Th9 cell differentiation by suppressing IRF4 expression in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Sheng Yujun , Zhang Jiali , Li Keke , Wang Hongyan , Wang Wenjun , Wen Leilei , Gao Jinping , Tang Xianfa , Tang Huayang , Huang He , Cai Minglong , Yuan Tao , Liu Lu , Zheng Xiaodong , Zhu Zhengwei , Cui Yong
Published: November 2020

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by abnormal activation of T cells and caused by an imbalance in the production and clearance of apoptotic cells. We previously showed that the transcription regulator Bach2 regulated abnormal B‐cell activation in SLE. Here, we investigated whether Bach2 was also involved in Th9 cell differentiation in SLE. We found that the proportion of Th9 cells was enhanced in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of SLE patients. The PBMC and CD4+ T cells of SLE patients exhibited a decrease of Bach2 expression and an increase of IL‐9 expression. Furthermore, Bach2 overexpression significantly repressed the levels of PU.1, IRF4, IL‐9, and Th9 cells in the CD4+ T cells of SLE patients and healthy volunteers. In addition, Bach2 overexpression inhibited the levels of IL‐9 and Th9 cells, whereas IRF4 upregulation enhanced the levels of IRF4 and IL‐9 and Th9 cells in the CD4+ T cells of SLE patients and healthy volunteers. The effect of IRF4 up‐regulation was abolished by Bach2 overexpression. In summary, our work suggests that Bach2 overexpression represses Th9 cell differentiation by suppressing IRF4 expression in SLE, and thus, Bach2 may be a novel potential target for SLE treatment.
Triacetyluridine treats epileptic encephalopathy from CAD mutations: a case report and review
Authors: Frederick Aliya , Sherer Kimberly , Nguyen Linda , Ali Shawn , Garg Anupam , Haas Richard , Sahagian Michelle , Bui Jonathan
Published: November 2020

Refractory epilepsy and encephalopathy are frequently encountered in patients with inborn errors of metabolism. We report a case of an 8‐year‐old girl with history of developmental delay, autism and intractable epilepsy that was found to have a pathogenic variant in CAD. We briefly review the biochemical pathway of CAD and the preclinical and clinical studies that suggest uridine supplementation can rescue the CAD deficiency phenotypes. Our case demonstrates a relatively late‐onset case of refractory epilepsy with a rapid response to treatment using the uridine pro‐drug triacetyluridine (TAU), the FDA‐approved treatment for hereditary orotic aciduria.
“What Do You Want to Learn or Work on Today?”: Benefits and Barriers to Asking Residents for Self‐identified Learning Goals
Authors: Fazzio Pamela , Hardy Emily , Chamberlain Meghan , Genecin Isabel , Weiss Anna , Posner Jill , Shatzer John , Shaw Kathy
Published: November 2020

Background

In the emergency department (ED), residents and attendings may have a short‐term relationship, such as a single shift. This poses challenges to learner assessment, instructional strategy selection, and provision of substantive feedback. We implemented a process for residents to identify goals for ED shifts; characterized residents’ goals; and determined how goal identification affected learning, teaching, and feedback.

Methods

This was an observational study in a large, tertiary pediatric ED using mixed methods. Residents were asked to identify learning goals for each shift and were asked postshift if they had identified, accomplished, and/or received feedback on these goals. Goals were categorized by Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Core Competencies. Predictors of goal identification, accomplishment, and receipt of feedback were determined. Residents and attendings were interviewed about their experiences.

Results

We collected 306 end‐of‐shift surveys (74% response rate) and 358 goals and conducted 29 interviews. We found that: 1) Goal setting facilitated perceived learning. Residents identified goals 54% of the time. They accomplished 89% of and received feedback on 76% of goals. 2) Residents’ perceived weaknesses, future practice settings, and available patients informed their goals. Most goals mapped to patient care (59%) or medical knowledge (37%) competencies. 3) Goal identification helped attendings determine residents’ needs. 4) Ideal goals were specific and achievable. 5) Common barriers were busyness of the ED and difficulty creating goals. Residents were less likely to identify goals (odds ratio [OR] = 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.41 to 0.94) and receive feedback on busy evening shifts (OR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.10 to 0.37) and were most likely to receive feedback overnight (OR = 3.66, 95% CI = 1.87 to 7.14).

Conclusions

Asking residents to identify goals for ED shifts as an instructional strategy facilitated perceived learning, goal accomplishment, and receipt of feedback. Resident‐driven goal identification is a simple and effective instructional strategy that physicians can incorporate into their precepting in the ED.
Mapping Juvenile Justice: Identifying Existing Structural Barriers to Accessing Probation Services
Authors: Fountain Erika N. , Mahmoudi Dillon
Published: November 2020

The majority of justice‐involved youth are placed on probation; however, many of those same youth struggle to comply with probation requirements and are subsequently confined. In Baltimore, 20% of newly committed youth were detained for violations of probation. While there are various reasons youth fail to comply with probation requirements, there have been recent calls to consider the impact of structural and spatial barriers to accessing probation programs and services. Centering the goals of community psychology, we aim to identify how existing structural barriers in Baltimore City may be contributing to social injustice through inequitable access to probation services for youth and their families. In this study, we take a novel, interdisciplinary approach to identify structural or spatial barriers facing justice‐involved youth in Baltimore, MD. Specifically, we explore transportation barriers (i.e., vehicle access) and spatial disparities between youth residences and probation office locations. Our findings suggest that there are several barriers facing Baltimore’s justice‐involved youth that may impact access to and engagement with juvenile probation. Specifically, we found that 1 in 3 youths reside in areas with extremely low levels of vehicle access and where the median household income is 25% below the city median. We also find that the majority of youth live beyond walking distances; many would require lengthy transit commutes. These findings highlight the structural and spatial barriers facing justice‐involved youth that may impact access to and engagement with probation services.
Expanding the phenotypic spectrum ofRPL13‐relatedskeletal dysplasia
Authors: Reinsch Breann , Grand Katheryn , Lachman Ralph S. , Kim Harry K. W. , Sanchez‐Lara Pedro A.
Published: November 2020

RPL13‐related disorder is a newly described skeletal dysplasia characterized as a form of spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with normal birth length, early postnatal growth deficiency, severe short stature, and genu varum. We present a 9‐year‐old male with a history of lower leg pain and concern for an unspecified form of multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED). Exome sequencing revealed a de novo heterozygousRPL13c.477+1G>A (IVS4+1G>A) pathogenic variant. This is the first identified case of an individual with anRPL13‐related skeletal dysplasia, normal height, and radiographs consistent with a form of MED and Legg–Calve–Perthes‐like disease. This case expands the phenotype ofRPL13‐related disorders.
Supramolecular Depolymerization in the Mixture of Two Poor Solvents: Mechanistic Insights and Modulation of Supramolecular Polymerization of Ionic π‐Systems
Authors: Kotha Srinu , Mabesoone Mathijs F. J. , Srideep Dasari , Sahu Rahul , Reddy Sandeep K. , Rao Kotagiri Venkata
Published: November 2020

Solvents are fundamentally essential for the synthesis and processing of soft materials. Supramolecular polymers (SPs), an emerging class of soft materials, are usually stable in single and mixtures of poor solvents. In contrast to these preconceived notions, here we report the depolymerization of SPs in the mixture of two poor solvents. This surprising behavior was observed for well‐known cationic perylene diimides (cPDIs) in the mixtures of water and amphiphilic organic solvents such as isopropanol (IPA). cPDIs form stable SPs in water and IPA but readily depolymerize into monomers in 50–70 vol% IPA containing water. This is due to the selective solvation of the π‐surface of cPDIs by alkyl chains of IPA and ionic side chains by water, as evidenced by molecular dynamic simulations. Moreover, by systematically changing the ratio between water and amphiphilic organic solvent, we could achieve an unprecedented supramolecular polymerization both by increasing and decreasing the solvent polarity.
Carboxylic Acid Reductase Can Catalyze Ester Synthesis in Aqueous Environments
Authors: Pongpamorn Pornkanok , Kiattisewee Cholpisit , Kittipanukul Narongyot , Jaroensuk Juthamas , Trisrivirat Duangthip , Maenpuen Somchart , Chaiyen Pimchai
Published: November 2020

Most of the well‐known enzymes catalyzing esterification require the minimization of water or activated substrates for activity. This work reports a new reaction catalyzed by carboxylic acid reductase (CAR), an enzyme known to transform a broad spectrum of carboxylic acids into aldehydes, with the use of ATP, Mg2+, and NADPH as co‐substrates. When NADPH was replaced by a nucleophilic alcohol, CAR from Mycobacterium marinum can catalyze esterification under aqueous conditions at room temperature. Addition of imidazole, especially at pH 10.0, significantly enhanced ester production. In comparison to other esterification enzymes such as acyltransferase and lipase, CAR gave higher esterification yields in direct esterification under aqueous conditions. The scalability of CAR catalyzed esterification was demonstrated for the synthesis of cinoxate, an active ingredient in sunscreen. The CAR esterification offers a new method for green esterification under high water content conditions.
A NIR‐Responsive Phytic Acid Nickel Biomimetic Complex Anchored on Carbon Nitride for Highly Efficient Solar Hydrogen Production
Authors: Huang Yuanyong , Jian Yaping , Li Longhua , Li Di , Fang Zhenyuan , Dong Weixuan , Lu Yahui , Luo Bifu , Chen Ruijie , Yang Yingchen , Chen Min , Shi Weidong
Published: November 2020

A challenge in photocatalysis consists in improving the efficiency by harnessing a large portion of the solar spectrum. We report the design and realization of a robust molecular‐semiconductor photocatalytic system (MSPS) consisting of an earth‐abundant phytic acid nickel (PA‐Ni) biomimetic complex and polymeric carbon nitride (PCN). The MSPS exhibits an outstanding activity at λ=940 nm with high apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of 2.8 %, particularly λ>900 nm, as it outperforms all reported state‐of‐the‐art near‐infrared (NIR) hybrid photocatalysts without adding any noble metals. The optimum hydrogen (H2) production activity was about 52 and 64 times higher with respect to its pristine counterpart under the AM 1.5 G and visible irradiation, respectively, being equivalent to the platinum‐assisted PCN. This work sheds light on feasible avenues to prepare highly active, stable, cheap NIR‐harvesting photosystems toward sustainable and scalable solar‐to‐H2 production.
In Situ Synthesis of Photoactive Polymers on a Living Cell Surface via Bio‐Palladium Catalysis for Modulating Biological Functions
Authors: Qi Ruilian , Zhao Hao , Zhou Xin , Liu Jian , Dai Nan , Zeng Yue , Zhang Endong , Lv Fengting , Huang Yiming , Liu Libing , Wang Yilin , Wang Shu
Published: November 2020

Cell surface engineering with functional polymers is an effective strategy to modulate cell activity. Here, a bio‐palladium catalyzed polymerization strategy was developed for in situ synthesis of conjugated polymers on living cell surfaces. Through Sonagashira polymerization, photoactive polyphenyleneethynylene (PPE) is synthesized on the cell surface via cell‐generated bio‐Pd catalyst. The in situ formed PPE is identified by excellent light‐harvest capacity and blue fluorescence on the surfaces of E. coli and C. pyrenoidosa. Besides imaging microbes for tracing the polymerization process, PPE also exhibits enhanced antibacterial activity against E. coli. It can also augment the ATP synthesis of C. pyrenoidosa through enlarging the light absorption and accelerating the cyclic electron transport of the algae. With this bio‐metal catalyzed polymerization method, functional polymers can be synthesized in situ on the living cell surface.
Docking of CuI and AgI in Metal–Organic Frameworks for Adsorption and Separation of Xenon
Authors: Wang Haoze , Shi Zhaolin , Yang Jingjing , Sun Tu , Rungtaweevoranit Bunyarat , Lyu Hao , Zhang Yue‐Biao , Yaghi Omar M.
Published: November 2020

We present a metal docking strategy utilizing the precise spatial arrangement of organic struts as metal chelating sites in a MOF. Pairs of uncoordinated N atoms on adjacent pyrazole dicarboxylate linkers distributed along the rod‐shaped Al–O secondary building units in MOF‐303 [Al(OH)(C5H2O4N2)] were used to chelate CuI and AgI with atomic precision and yield the metalated Cu‐ and Ag‐MOF‐303 compounds [(CuCl)0.50Al(OH)(C5H2O4N2) and (AgNO3)0.49Al(OH)(C5H2O4N2)]. The coordination geometries of CuI and AgI were examined using 3D electron diffraction and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy techniques. The resulting metalated MOFs showed pore sizes matching the size of Xe, thus allowing for binding of Xe from Xe/Kr mixtures with high capacity and selectivity. In particular, Ag‐MOF‐303 exhibited Xe uptake of 59 cm3 cm−3 at 298 K and 0.2 bar with a selectivity of 10.4, placing it among the highest performing MOFs.
Chemical Control of Spin‐Orbit Coupling and Charge Transfer in Vacancy‐Ordered Ruthenium(IV) Halide Perovskites
Authors: Vishnoi Pratap , Zuo Julia L. , Cooley Joya A. , Kautzsch Linus , Gómez‐Torres Alejandra , Murillo Jesse , Fortier Skye , Wilson Stephen D. , Seshadri Ram , Cheetham Anthony K.
Published: November 2020

Vacancy‐ordered double perovskites are attracting significant attention due to their chemical diversity and interesting optoelectronic properties. With a view to understanding both the optical and magnetic properties of these compounds, two series of RuIV halides are presented; A2RuCl6 and A2RuBr6, where A is K, NH4, Rb or Cs. We show that the optical properties and spin‐orbit coupling (SOC) behavior can be tuned through changing the A cation and the halide. Within a series, the energy of the ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer increases as the unit cell expands with the larger A cation, and the band gaps are higher for the respective chlorides than for the bromides. The magnetic moments of the systems are temperature dependent due to a non‐magnetic ground state with Jeff=0 caused by SOC. Ru‐X covalency, and consequently, the delocalization of metal d‐electrons, result in systematic trends of the SOC constants due to variations in the A cation and the halide anion.
Activating Lattice Oxygen at the Twisted Surface in a Mesoporous CeO2Single Crystal for Efficient and Durable Catalytic CO Oxidation
Authors: Xiao Yongchun , Li Hao , Xie Kui
Published: November 2020

Activating lattice oxygen linked to active sites at surface remains a fundamental challenge in many catalytic reactions. Here we create well‐defined surface by directly growing porous CeO2single crystals at 2 cm scale and confining Pt in lattice to construct isolated Pt1/CeO2sites at a continuously twisted surface in a monolith. We demonstrate significantly enhanced activation of lattice oxygen linked to Pt ions in contrast to Ce ions in local structures. We show complete CO oxidation with air at 67 °C without degradation being observed after operation of 300 hours. The isolated Pt1/CeO2sites at twisted surfaces not only contribute to the chemisorption of CO but also effectively activate the lattice oxygen linked to Pt ion for CO oxidation. The current work would open a new route to activate lattice oxygen by incorporating well‐defined active structures confined at the surfaces.
Effect of expandable graphite and ammonium polyphosphate on the thermal degradation and weathering of intumescent fire‐retardant coating
Authors: Ullah Sami , Ahmad Faiz , Al‐Sehemi Abdullah G. , Assiri Mohammed Ali , Raza Muhammad Rafi , Irfan Ahmad
Published: November 2020

This research aims to study the effect of ammonium polyphosphate and expandable graphite on the intumescent coating formulations (ICF). The coating presented in this research article is based on carbon source expandable graphite (EG), blowing agent melamine, acid source ammonium polyphosphate (APP), epoxy resin as a binder with polyamide amine. The stability of the developed coating was verified at 950°C for 1‐hour fire test. The results showed that the coating is stable and well bond with the steel substrate. The char was characterized by using FESEM, XRD, FTIR, DTA, TGA, XPS, Py‐GCMS and Weathering Test. The morphology of the char was studied by SEM of the coating after furnace fire test. XRD and FTIR show the presence of graphite, borophosphate; boron oxide and sassolite in the residual char. TGA and DTG disclosed that EG improved the residual mass of coating. XPS analysis showed the char residue of IF5‐APP‐EG contains carbon and oxygen contents 47.50 and 40.70, respectively. Py‐GCMS analysis described that the IF5‐APP‐EG released less gaseous compounds. The weathering test illustrated that's the char expansion of coatings samples was decreased due to the presence of a humid environment and UV light. The IF5‐APP‐EG showed the maximum char expansion, lower substrate temperature and high residual weight among the studied formulations.
Synergistic effects of aluminum hydroxide, red phosphorus, and expandable graphite on the flame retardancy and thermal stability of polyethylene
Authors: Thi Nhung Hac , Nguyen Thanh Nhan , Oanh Ho Thi , Trang Nguyen Thi Thu , Tham Do Quang , Nguyen Ha Tran , Van Nguyen Tuyen , Hoang Mai Ha
Published: November 2020

The flame‐retardant low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) composites loading aluminum hydroxide (ATH), red phosphorus (RP), and expandable graphite (EG) were successfully prepared. The flame retardancy, the thermo‐oxidative stability, and the mechanical property of the composites were investigated. The synergistic effect of ATH, RP, and EG on the flame‐retardant property and thermal behavior of LDPE were observed. The limiting oxygen index value of LDPE significantly increased from 17.1% to 25.4% upon the incorporation of 15 wt.% of the mixture of three fillers with ATH:RP:EG mass ratio of 1:1:1; and this composite achieved the V‐0 classification of the UL94 vertical burning test. The thermogravimetric analysis of this composite under air atmosphere revealed that its residue weight remained 27.89% at 900°C. Furthermore, the results of tension tests indicated that the surface modification of ATH by magnesium stearate and RP by poly(methylhydrosiloxane) noticeably improved the tensile strength and the elongation of the composite.
Permeability properties of a pressure induced compacted polymer liner in gas cylinder
Authors: Silvanius Mårten , Frånberg Oskar
Published: November 2020

The permeability properties of composite gas cylinders for breathing gas with polymer inner‐liner are investigated. The cylinder wall can be described as a composite membrane consisting of two layers. The permeability properties of the cylinder are presented as permeability coefficient and permselectivity. Deviation from the expected gas components might lead to incidents and potentially harmful situations when breathing gas from a compressed gas cylinder. Hence, gas permeability and potential changes in gas composition, must be considered when choosing cylinder materials. Cases of decompression sickness initiated this study. Experimental data show that pressure and oxygen fraction in the gas cylinder drops and that the permeability coefficient varies depending on the inner pressure. Permeability coefficients of 0.62–0.90 Barrer for oxygen and 0.44–0.56 Barrer for nitrogen are measured. Cracks in the inner‐liner have caused an accentuated drop in of oxygen fraction and pressure.
Enabling evolutionary studies at multiple scales in Apocynaceae through Hyb‐Seq
Authors: Straub Shannon C. K. , Boutte Julien , Fishbein Mark , Livshultz Tatyana
Published: November 2020

Premise

Apocynaceae is the 10th largest flowering plant family and a focus for study of plant–insect interactions, especially as mediated by secondary metabolites. However, it has few genomic resources relative to its size. Target capture sequencing is a powerful approach for genome reduction that facilitates studies requiring data from the nuclear genome in non‐model taxa, such as Apocynaceae.

Methods

Transcriptomes were used to design probes for targeted sequencing of putatively single‐copy nuclear genes across Apocynaceae. The sequences obtained were used to assess the success of the probe design, the intrageneric and intraspecific variation in the targeted genes, and the utility of the genes for inferring phylogeny.

Results

From 853 candidate nuclear genes, 835 were consistently recovered in single copy and were variable enough for phylogenomics. The inferred gene trees were useful for coalescent‐based species tree analysis, which showed all subfamilies of Apocynaceae as monophyletic, while also resolving relationships among species within the genus Apocynum. Intraspecific comparison of Elytropus chilensis individuals revealed numerous single‐nucleotide polymorphisms with potential for use in population‐level studies.

Discussion

Community use of this Hyb‐Seq probe set will facilitate and promote progress in the study of Apocynaceae across scales from population genomics to phylogenomics.
Imidazolinium‐based Multiblock Amphiphile as Transmembrane Anion Transporter
Authors: Mori Miki , Sato Kohei , Ekimoto Toru , Okumura Shinichi , Ikeguchi Mitsunori , Tabata Kazuhito V. , Noji Hiroyuki , Kinbara Kazushi
Published: November 2020

Transmembrane anion transport is an important biological process in maintaining cellular functions. Thus, synthetic anion transporters are widely developed for their biological applications. Imidazolinium was introduced as anion recognition site to a multiblock amphiphilic structure that consists of octa(ethylene glycol) and aromatic units. Ion transport assay using halide‐sensitive lucigenin and pH‐sensitive 8‐hydroxypyrene‐1,3,6‐trisulfonate (HPTS) revealed that imidazolinium‐based multiblock amphiphile (IMA) transports anions and showed high selectivity for nitrate, which plays crucial roles in many biological events. Temperature‐dependent ion transport assay using 1,2‐dipalmitoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (DPPC) indicated that IMA works as a mobile carrier. 1H NMR titration experiments indicated that the C2 proton of the imidazolinium ring recognizes anions via a (C−H)+⋅⋅⋅X− hydrogen bond. Furthermore, all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations revealed a dynamic feature of IMA within the membranes during ion transportation.
Accelerating HIV‐1 VLP production using stable High Five insect cell pools
Authors: Puente‐Massaguer Eduard , Grau‐Garcia Paula , Strobl Florian , Grabherr Reingard , Striedner Gerald , Lecina Martí , Gòdia Francesc
Published: November 2020

Stable cell pools are receiving a renewed interest as a potential alternative system to clonal cell lines. The shorter development timelines and the capacity to achieve high product yields make them an interesting approach for recombinant protein production. In this study, stable High Five cell pools are assessed for the production of a simple protein, mCherry, and the more complex HIV‐1 Gag‐eGFP virus‐like particles (VLPs). Random integration coupled to fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) in suspension conditions is applied to accelerate the stable cell pool generation process and enrich it with high producer cells. This methodology is successfully transferred to a bioreactor for VLP production, resulting in a 2‐fold increase in VLP yields with respect to shake flask cultures. In these conditions, maximum viable cell concentration improves by 1.5‐fold, and by‐product formation is significantly reduced. Remarkably, a global increase in the uptake of amino acids in the Gag‐eGFP stable cell pool is observed when compared with parental High Five cells, reflecting the additional metabolic burden associated with VLP production. These results suggest that stable High Five cell pools are a robust and powerful approach to produce VLPs and other recombinant proteins, and put the basis for future studies aiming to scale up this system.
Trifluridine/tipiracil plus bevacizumab as a first‐line treatment for elderly patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (KSCC1602): A multicenter phase II trial
Authors: Oki Eiji , Makiyama Akitaka , Miyamoto Yuji , Kotaka Masahito , Kawanaka Hirofumi , Miwa Keisuke , Kabashima Akira , Noguchi Tomohiro , Yuge Kotaro , Kashiwada Tomomi , Ando Koji , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Saeki Hiroshi , Akagi Yoshito , Baba Hideo , Maehara Yoshihiko , Mori Masaki
Published: November 2020

Background

A previous Phase I/II study demonstrated that TAS‐102 (trifluridine/tipiracil [FTD/TPI]) plus bevacizumab (Bev) has encouraging efficacy and controllable safety for patients with previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer. Therefore, we designed for assessing the efficacy and safety of FTD/TPI plus Bev in elderly patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer.

Methods

This is a multicenter, single‐arm Phase II study included patients ≥70 years old with previously untreated, unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer. Treatment consisted of FTD/TPI plus Bev given every 4 weeks. The primary endpoint was progression‐free survival (PFS), assuming a null hypothesis of a PFS of 5 months. The secondary endpoints were the overall survival (OS), overall response rate (ORR), and adverse events (AEs).

Results

Between 5 January 2017 and 13 March 2018, 39 patients were enrolled from 18 institutions. The median patient age was 76.0 years (range, 70–88); the ECOG‐PS was 0 in 24 patients and 1 in 15 patients. The median PFS was 9.4 months as a primary endpoint, and the median OS was 22.4 months. The ORR was 40.5% and the disease control rate was 86.5%. Grade 3–4 AEs included neutropenia (71.8%), leukopenia (51.3%), anorexia (15.4%), febrile neutropenia (10.3%), and fatigue (10.3%).

Conclusions

FTD/TPI plus Bev is an effective and well‐tolerated regimen for elderly patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer. Capecitabine/bevacizumab can be selected as a subsequent maintenance therapy without irinotecan and oxaliplatin because FTD/TPI has no cross‐resistance with 5‐fluorouracil.

Clinical trial registration: UMIN clinical trials registry (UMIN000025241).
The stage‐specific roles of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma patients: a propensity score‐matched analysis of the SEER database
Authors: Wang Shijie , Jia Mingfang , Han Jianglong , Zhang Rui , Huang Kejie , Qiao Yunfeng , Chen Ping , Fu Zhenming
Published: November 2020

Background

The stage‐specific roles of radiotherapy (RT) alone, chemotherapy alone, and combined RT and chemotherapy (CRT) for patients with nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) have not been adequately evaluated.

Methods

We analyzed patients with all stages of NLPHL enrolled in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry from January 2000 to December 2015. Propensity score (PS) analysis with 1:1 matching (PSM) was performed to ensure the well‐balanced characteristics of the comparison groups. Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional‐hazards models were used to evaluate the overall survival (OS), cancer‐specific survival (CSS), hazard ratios (HRs), and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Restricted mean survival times (RMST) were also used for the survival analyses.

Results

For early‐stage patients, CRT was associated with the best survival, the mean OS was significantly improved by approximately 20 months (20 m), and the risk of death was reduced by more than 80%, both before and after PSM (p < 0.05). For advanced‐stage patients, none of RT alone, chemotherapy alone, or CRT had a significant effect on survival. Chemotherapy alone and CRT might be more beneficial for long‐term survival (RMST120 m: neither RT nor chemotherapy vs. chemotherapy alone vs. CRT = 104 m vs. 111 m vs. 108 m). Subgroup analysis of patients with early‐stage NLPHL showed that CRT was associated with better survival of elderly patients (improved OS = 43.8 m, HR = 0.14, p < 0.05). However, the survival benefits of treatments for young patients were not statistically significant. The efficacy of RT was significantly different between the age groups (pfor interaction = 0.020).

Conclusions

These results from SEER data suggest that CRT may be considered for early‐stage NLPHL, especially for elderly patients. Further studies are needed to identify effective treatments in patients with advanced‐stage NLPHL.
Effects of consumer–cause fit and consumer–product fit of cause‐related marketing on product purchase intention
Authors: Sung Hyein , Kim Junyong , Choi Hyewon
Published: November 2020

While many studies have shown that cause‐related marketing (CRM) is more effective when product‐cause fit (PCF) is high than when it is low, some research has found otherwise. Furthermore, although a few studies demonstrated that high‐PCF CRM is more effective when consumer–cause fit (CCF) or consumer–product fit (CPF) is also high, others have found that the moderating effect of CCF on high‐PCF CRM is insignificant. Given the inevitable co‐occurrence of CCF and CPF in CRM, CPF may moderate the effect of CCF on the effectiveness of high‐PCF CRM. Hence, this research examined the interaction effect between the CCF and CPF on the effect of high‐PCF CRM on consumers' product purchase intention (PPI). The results of an experiment showed that a high‐PCF CRM enhanced the PPI regardless of the CCF when the CPF was low. However, when the CPF was high, high‐PCF CRM enhanced the PPI when the CCF was also high but lowered the PPI when the CCF was low. The findings indicate that, for high‐PCF CRM to affect PPI positively, CCF must be high when CPF is high, whereas high‐PCF CRM may enhance PPI even if CCF is low when CPF is low.
Healing and early stent coverage after ultrathin strut biodegradable polymer‐coated sirolimus‐eluting stent implantation: SiBi optical coherence tomography study
Authors: Abhyankar Atul , Abizaid Alexandre , Chamié Daniel , Patel Gaurang
Published: November 2020

Aims

The aim of SiBi study was to evaluate the early vascular healing and neointimal coverage after implantation of ultrathin (60 μm) biodegradable polymer‐coated Tetriflex (Sahajanand Medical Technologies Pvt. Ltd., Surat, India) sirolimus‐eluting stent (SES) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) at 4 to 6 weeks after implantation.

Methods

SiBi was a single‐center, observational, investigator‐initiated study. From January 15, 2018 to April 15, 2018, total 29 consecutive patients who had consented and underwent OCT examination at 4–6 weeks after Tetriflex SES implantation were enrolled. All OCT images were analyzed at an independent core laboratory by analysts who were blinded to patient and procedural information.

Results

Of 29 patients, four patients were excluded, as those OCT images were technically inadequate for analysis. Therefore, 25 patients were included in final OCT analysis. Average OCT analysis was performed after 35.3 ± 5 days of Tetriflex implantation. Total 14,024 stent struts in 1,520 cross sections were analyzed. Strut tissue coverage was observed in 91.26 ± 5.53% of struts and malapposed struts were seen in 0.89 ± 1.67%. The mean neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) thickness on the covered struts was 50 ± 30 μm.

Conclusion

A large percentage of struts were found to be covered with thin layer of NIH evenly distributed along the stent length at around 1 month from stent implantation. The results of this pilot study serve as ethical and scientific backbone to conduct an adequately powered clinical trial to evaluate outcomes of short dual‐antiplatelet therapy in context of ultrathin strut stent.
Impact of yield component alleles from durum wheat on end‐use quality of spring wheat
Authors: Jones Brittney H. , Blake Nancy K. , Heo Hwa‐Young , Kalous Jay R. , Martin John M. , Nash Deanna L. , Torrion Jessica A. , Talbert Luther E.
Published: November 2020

Background and objectives

Hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (HRSW) is used for bread baking while durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum) is used for pasta production. This study investigated the impact of alleles from durum wheat for yield component traits on HRSW end‐use quality traits. Near‐isogenic lines for four quantitative trait loci, QGw.mst‐3B, QGw.mst‐7A, QTn.mst‐5B, and QYld.mst‐2B, were evaluated in rainfed and irrigated environments.

Findings

Durum alleles were found to significantly impact end‐use quality at all four loci. The durum allele QGw.mst‐3B for increased kernel weight (KWT) positively impacted end‐use quality traits with increases in kernel protein and loaf volume. The durum allele at QTn.mst‐5B delayed heading date, impacting productive tiller number and KWT and additional end‐use quality traits. The durum allele at QYld.mst‐2B for GY showed both positive and negative effects on end‐use quality. The durum allele for reduced spikelet number per spike at QGw.mst‐7A had little to no impact on end‐use quality.

Conclusions

Results from the present study indicate that the alleles from durum wheat are potential sources of cultivar improvement; however, interactions between yield component and end‐use quality traits may influence utilization.

Significance and novelty

This study demonstrates the potential utility of introgressed durum yield component alleles for genetic improvement in HRSW.
Effect of high‐pressure processing on the microbial load and functionality of sugar‐cookie dough
Authors: Sabillón Luis , Stratton Jayne , Rose Devin , Eskridge Kent , Bianchini Andréia
Published: November 2020

Background and objectives

Refrigerated dough products have the potential to be a safety hazard to consumers because they could be consumed raw or undercooked. The objectives of this study were designed to evaluate the microbial and functionality changes in high pressured sugar‐cookie dough as a function of aw (0.80–0.87), pressure level (100–600 MPa), and holding time (1–6 min).

Findings

Endogenous microbial populations were marginally reduced (0.2–0.5 log CFU/g) by pressure treatments. However, treating the dough at 600 MPa for 6 min significantly reduced counts of inoculated Escherichia coli by as much as 2.0 log CFU/g. Increasing the aw of cookie dough from 0.80 to 0.87 did not play a significant role in the reduction of microbial counts; however, it yielded a softer and thicker cookie when baked. Dough and cookie physical characteristics did not differ significantly among HPP‐treated and control doughs within the same aw level.

Conclusions

The results of this study suggest that pressure treatment has the potential to improve the microbiological quality of wheat‐based cookie doughs. However, variations in food matrix composition must be considered because some food constituents, such as sugar and fat, may protect microorganisms against pressure‐induced inactivation.

Significance and novelty

The results reported here have practical implications for the food industry and contributes to understand the effects of high‐pressure processing on wheat‐based cookie doughs and their microbial loads.
The first ethanol sclerotherapy of an accessory cavitated uterine mass
Authors: Merviel Philippe , Lelievre Caroline , Cambier Tatiana , Thomas‐Kergastel Isabelle , Dupré Pierre‐François
Published: November 2020

Accessory cavitated uterine mass (ACUM) is a very rare, underdiagnosed pathology. It is treated with radical surgery, which results in uterine scarring. Here, we describe the first case of ethanol sclerotherapy of an ACUM, modeled on the treatment of recurring endometrioma. Ethanol sclerotherapy avoids uterine scarring and the secondary risk of uterine rupture and enables the rapid achievement of pregnancy.
A case of early neonate bovine tuberculosis in Ethiopia
Authors: Mekonnen Getnet Abie , Gumi Balako , Berg Stefan , Conlan Andrew J. K. , Ameni Gobena , Wood James L. N.
Published: November 2020

This report illustrates that calves may be infected with bovine tuberculosis at early age under natural conditions and progression can be rapid. Thus, testing of calves needs to be considered in any control program to reduce the risk of transmission.