bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Empirical Seasonal Rainfall Forecasting Model for the Northeast Region of Brazil
Authors: da Rocha Júnior Rodrigo Lins , Cavalcante Pinto David Duarte , dos Santos Silva Fabrício Daniel , Gomes Heliofábio Barros , Barros Gomes Helber , Costa Rafaela Lisboa , Santos Pereira Marcos Paulo , Peña Malaquías , dos Santos Coelho Caio Augusto , Herdies Dirceu Luís
Published: June 2021

The Northeast region of Brazil (NEB) is characterized by large climate variability that causes extreme and long unseasonal wet and dry periods. Despite significant model developments to improve seasonal forecasting for the NEB, the achievement of a satisfactory accuracy often remains a challenge, and forecasting methods aimed at reducing uncertainties regarding future climate are needed. In this work, we implement and assess the performance of an empirical model (EmpM) based on a decomposition of historical data into dominant modes of precipitation and seasonal forecast applied to the NEB domain. We analyzed the model’s performance for the February-March-April quarter and compared its results with forecasts based on data from the North American Multi-model Ensemble (NMME) project for the same period. We found that the first three leading precipitation modes obtained by empirical orthogonal functions (EOF) explained most of the rainfall variability for the season of interest. Thereby, this study focuses on them for the forecast evaluations. A teleconnection analysis shows that most of the variability in precipitation comes from sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in various areas of the Pacific and the tropical Atlantic. The modes exhibit different spatial patterns across the NEB, with the first being concentrated in the northern half of the region and presenting remarkable associations with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM), both linked to the latitudinal migration of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). As for the second mode, the correlations with oceanic regions and its loading pattern point to the influence of the incursion of frontal systems in the southern NEB. The time series of the third mode implies the influence of a lower frequency mode of variability, probably related to the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). The teleconnection patterns found in the analysis allowed for a reliable forecast of the time series of each mode, which, combined, result in the final rainfall prediction outputted by the model. Overall, the EmpM outperformed the post-processed NMME for most of the NEB, except for some areas along the northern region, where the NMME showed superiority.
Comprehensive evaluation of the productive and reproductive traits of sows of Yorkshire and Landrace breeds and their offspring
Authors: Balnikov A. A. , Kazutova Yu. S. , Kostomakhin N. M. , Gridyushko I. F. , Gridyushko E. S.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the work was a comprehensive evaluation of the productive and reproductive traits of sows of Yorkshire and Landrace breeds and their offspring under the conditions of a breeding enterprise in the Republic of Belarus. During the studies of reproductive traits, it has been revealed that the highest rate of prolificacy among the evaluated breeds was distinguished by Yorkshire sows 14,0 heads for farrowing. In terms of milk content, Landrace sows were 2,5 kg or 4,57 % higher than Yorkshire sows. In terms of weight and socket weight per piglet at weaning at the age of 28 days sows Landrace piglets surpassed herdmates Yorkshire breed in the weight of the litter by 6,8 %, and the weight of one pig by 0,9 %. It has been found by the results of the evaluation of fattening and meat qualities of purebred young pigs that the best parameters were different gilts of Landrace breeds, whose age achieve the live weight of 100 kg was 163,1 days, and average daily gain of live weight – 864,8 g, which was higher than in young pigs of Yorkshire breed by 1,8 day or 1,09 %, and 28,9 g or by 3,46 %. The young pigs of Landrace breed has been characterized by the best values of the area of the “eye of loin” – 73,8 cm² and the highest yield and amount of meat – 68,5 % and 24 kg, which was 11,4 cm² or 18,2 % and 0,4 kg or 3,5 abs.%, respectively, higher than the herdmates of Yorkshire breed. The results obtained indicate the possibility of using boars and sows of Landrace and Yorkshire breeds not only in breeding, but also in industrial pig breeding.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE SCIENTIFIC BASE OF PULSE TECHNOLOGIES IN ORLOVSK REGION
Authors:   Orel State University, USHAKOV L.S. , ZOLKIN D.O. ,   Orel State University, KUDRYAVTSEV S.V. ,   Orel State University
Published: June 2021

The article offers brief information about the completed domestic developments, stuck at the stage of prototypes and projects.
ON THE PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMOBILE TOURISM IN RUSSIA
Authors:   State Technical University, IGNATOV A.V. , BIRKALOV A.A. ,   State Technical University, BASKOV V.N. ,   State Technical University
Published: June 2021

The article considers the current state and prospects for the development of automobile tour-ism in the world, the Russian Federation and the Saratov region in particular. It is justified that the development of automobile tourism has a positive impact on the economy. Modern prerequisites are presented and the main factors limiting the growth of automobile tourism are analyzed. It is shown that the main direction of the development of automobile tourism is the creation of automobile tourist clusters in favorable territories. It is proposed to develop an intelligent transport system for automatic construction of autotouristic routes based on the principles of categorizing transport flow parameters.
TRANSPORT MOBILITY INDEX OF LARGE RUSSIAN CITIES
Authors:   Kazan State University of Architecture and Engineering, ZAGIDULLIN R.R. , DRYUCHIN D.A. ,   Orenburg State University
Published: June 2021

The relevance of the problem is due to the lack of a method and indicators for assessing the level of transport mobility of cities. The purpose of the article is to develop a method for assessing the level of transport mobility. Currently, there are no science - based criteria for assessing the level of mobility in terms of the convenience of passengers using various types of public transport for travel. The use of the transport mobility index will contribute not only to improving the quality of passenger transport, but also to improving the level of transport services in General. The developed method for assessing the level of transport mobility will allow you to study the dynamics of changes in indicators and plan measures to improve the quality of transport services. The implementation of the proposed method will allow analyzing routes, as well as planning measures to increase the level of transport mobility and the attractiveness of public transport for passenger transportation.
DETERMINATION OF THE DEPENDENCE OF CHANGE OF EMPERATURE OF THE EXHAUST GAS SYSTEM AT REDUCED TEMPERATURES
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, BOYARSHINOV M.G. , KUZNETSOV N.I. ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University
Published: June 2021

The aim of the study is to determine the relationship between the duration of the operation of the vehicle's power plant in idle mode and the temperature of the surfaces of the exhaust system. During engine operation, the temperature of individual components of the exhaust system was measured by means of thermocouples. The results obtained demonstrate that the dynamics of changes in the degree of heating of various parts of the exhaust system remains similar at different air temperatures. The dependence of the surface temperature of the exhaust system elements on time is built. The revealed regularities can be taken into account when developing various methods of periodic heating of the exhaust system.
PROACTIVE MANAGEMENT OF THE CITY'S TRAFFIC
Authors:   Lipetsk State Technical University, LYAPIN S.A. , RIZAEVA Y.N. ,   Lipetsk State Technical University, KADASEV D.A. ,   Lipetsk State Technical University
Published: June 2021

The article shows that with the growing traffic on motorways, the demand for modern traffic management systems for effective traffic flow management is generated. Based on the analysis of the METANET model and algorithms for managing the entrance to the highway, an algorithm is proposed that uses the capabilities of an intelligent transport and logistics system to implement proactive traffic management. The possibility of using self-driving cars to supplement the information about traffic characteristics obtained from stationary sensors of the transport infrastructure of the intelligent transport and logistics system is analyzed.
Adolescenti nelle scuole secondarie di secondo grado: identità, lingue e lingue ereditarie. Il caso delle province di Biella e Vercelli
Authors: Benatti Ruben
Published: June 2021

Il contributo si occupa principalmente della percezione dell'identità degli studenti di nazionalità o origine non italiana e del loro rapporto con la lingua e la cultura di origine e con quelli della comunità ospitante. Sempre più bambini e giovani di origine non italiana sono presenti nelle scuole italiane: il modello di integrazione perseguito in Italia vuole rispettare le differenze culturali e la lingua è uno degli elementi chiave di questo processo. La ricerca ha interessato due province del Piemonte Orientale: Biella e Vercelli. Utilizzando un approccio sociolinguistico e sociologico, è stato condotto uno studio attraverso la somministrazione di questionari riguardanti la lingua e l'identità, la motivazione all'integrazione, la percezione e l'atteggiamento verso la propria lingua / cultura di origine e la lingua / cultura italiana.. Il quadro che emerge presenta atteggiamenti a volte ambigui che si possono definire quasi come una "sospensione" tra il desiderio di "italianizzazione" e la conservazione delle proprie radici. La ricerca pone domande stringenti che le scuole e la società sono chiamate ad affrontare sulla costruzione (o ricostruzione) della propria identità
CDIP observations of recent extreme wave conditions on U.S. coasts
Authors: Behrens James , Timmerman Ross , Terrill Eric , Merrifield Sophia , Jensen Robert
Published: June 2021

The Coastal Data Information Program (CDIP) maintains wave gauge stations for continuous coverage, with precision instruments and dedicated telemetry and dissemination infrastructure. Decades of this persistent, quality-controlled wave monitoring effort has provided the data required to generate metrics for wave climate at coastal locations across the United States and identify and characterize extreme wave events. During the extremely active 2020 North Atlantic hurricane season, the CDIP East Coast array recorded significantly elevated wave conditions generated by no fewer than 15 named storms. In California, meanwhile, long-term monitoring stations have measured new all-time maximum wave heights during recent storm events. Complete quality-controlled directional spectra and displacement data sets, as well as sea surface temperature and surface current data from the wave buoys, are publicly available at http://cdip.ucsd.edu.
Suggestion and its impact on the credibility of the statements of the minor witness
Authors:   Attorney, Higher School of Law in Wroclaw, Faculty of Law, Kornak Magdalena
Published: June 2021

The article addresses the issue of hearing a minor witness, with particular emphasis on the possible impact of the suggestion on the content of the children’s reports. The main scope of this publication will be to indicate what a suggestion and assessment are and whether minors are in fact, according to the common belief, more susceptible to suggestions than adults. Moreover, the issue of verifying the possible impact of the suggestion on the content of children’s statements will be addressed, which will involve determining whether minors are equally susceptible to suggestion in all age groups. Finally, an attempt will be made to identify procedural and forensic guidelines that will allow interviewers to avoid the risk of more or less suggestive influence on the minor witness, enabling a credible child’s report to be delivered. All the considerations will be supported by references to literature and research, mainly U.S. – based, on the psychology of testimony, as this knowledge is essential for the effective and suggestion free hearing of a minor witness.
Doctor James Brussel and his method of offender profiling
Authors:   Attorney-at-law, Olszak-Häußler Karolina
Published: June 2021

James Brussel is considered the creator of the first modern characteristics of an unknown crime perpetrator and the founding father of criminal profiling. In literature of the subject this individual is usually reduced to the story of buttoned up double-breasted suit worn by “the Mad Bomber”, George Metesky, which is considered the evidence of the genius shrewdness of this New York psychiatrist and criminologist and the potential lying in criminal profiling. The method used by Brussel has not yet been systematically described. The present article fills this gap and demonstrates that the views of the American psychiatrist, based on Kretschmer’s constitutional theory, psychoanalysis and intuition, have influenced and continue to influence his followers who elaborate characteristics of unknown crime perpetrators around the world, including Poland. The article also points to possible benefits and threats to criminal proceedings that using the above method may bring about.
La justificación del envío de legaciones ante la corte por las ciudades de la Monarquía Hispánica (siglos XVI-XVII)
Authors: Mauro Ida
Published: June 2021

En la Monarquía Hispánica, la práctica del envío de delegaciones de ciudades y corporaciones locales a la corte se encontró a menudo con la resistencia de las instituciones centrales, y de la misma corona, que intentaron defenderse de la continua llegada de agentes y procuradores. En el texto, se analizan de manera comparada los discursos elaborados por las ciudades italianas, españolas o americanas para justificar la legitimidad de una comunicación directa (que superase la mediación de virreyes, gobernadores, consejos o audiencias), entre las comunidades de súbditos y el monarca. Estas justificaciones permiten observar la importancia de esta práctica de representación para la integración y el gobierno de los territorios de la Monarquía en la época de los Austrias.
La república en el reflejo de la justicia real. Un enviado de México en Madrid, 1624-1626
Authors: Bautista y Lugo Gibran
Published: June 2021

La extraordinaria actividad de un comisionado de la Audiencia Real de México enviado a la corte de Madrid revela los matices y complejidades del gobierno de la justicia en las Indias Occidentales durante el siglo XVII. Las condiciones del nombramiento, las tareas en Castilla y los bienes y actividades económicas del comisionado, permiten comprender que, al representar a los magistrados reales, el doctor Hernán Carrillo Altamirano representaba los intereses del reino al que pertenecía y en los que se fincaba la autoridad de los oidores. Finalmente, el caso aporta elementos sobre la diversidad de agentes concurrían en las cortes reales.
Técnicas básicas en un laboratorio de química orgánica: recristalización.
Authors: Ortega Caballero Fernando , Vázquez Cabello Juan , Carmona Asenjo Ana Teresa , García Moreno María Isabel , Monge Fernández David , Díez Martín Elena , Retamosa Hernández María de Gracia , Iglesias Sigüenza Francisco Javier , Jiménez Blanco José Luis , Moreno Vargas Antonio José
Published: June 2021

La función de estos videos didácticos consiste en proporcionar el apoyo necesario para la adquisición de habilidades prácticas dentro del laboratorio de cara al desarrollo profesional del alumnado. La producción de los mismos está dirigida al estudiantado que cursa asignaturas del área de química orgánica en diferentes grados universitarios.

Recristalización: es el método más adecuado para purificar compuestos sólidos, siempre y cuando contengan una cantidad moderada de impurezas. La técnica se basa en dos factores: la diferente solubilidad del compuesto en un determinado disolvente a temperatura ambiente y en caliente, así como la diferencia de solubilidad de la sustancia problema y de las impurezas que la acompañan.

La visualización de material didáctico en forma de videos explicativos que incluye las técnicas/operaciones básicas empleadas en un laboratorio de Química Orgánica, contribuirá a una mejor comprensión/asimilación de las mismas, resultando de gran apoyo para la correcta realización de las diferentes prácticas de laboratorio.
PENGARUH LATIHAN FLEKSI WILLIAM (STRETCHING) TERHADAP TINGKAT NYERI PUNGGUNG BAWAH PADA LANSIA
Authors: Wahab Masyitah , Wahyuni
Published: June 2021

Masalah kesehatan yang dialami bervariasi pada setiap lansia. Beberapa lansia tidak mampu melakukan aktivitas atau aktivitas nya terbatas karena adanya masalah fisik, emosional atau social yang membuat lansia merasa sakit. Salah satu masalah fisik sehari-hari yang seringditemukan pada lansia adalah nyeri punggung bawah. Nyeri punggung bawah dapat disebabkan oleh kondisi degeneratif misalnya penyakit arthritis, osteoporosis atau penyakit tulang lainnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh latihan fleksi william (stretching) terhadap tingkat nyeri punggung bawah pada lansia di posyandu lansia desa bonra kecamatan mapilli. Metode penelitian yang digunkan adalah metode pra eksperimen menggunakan rancangan One Group Pre test- Post test. Penelitian ini menggunakan 20 sampel berdasarkan kritria inklusi yang mana tekhnik pengambilan sampel secara tekhnik purposive sampling yaitu peneliti mengumpulkan sampel dengan pertimbangan tertentu, dimana alat ukur yang digunkan adalah lembar observasi Numerick Rating Scale (NRS)..Hasil penelitian, uji statistic didapatkan bahwa kelompok intervensi (P =0,000) mempunyai pengaruh latihan fleksi william (stretching) terhadap tingkat nyeri punggung bawah pada lansia. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan dengan latihan fleksi william (stretching) akan mempengaruhi penurunan tingkat nyeri punggung bawah pada lansia.
Fast Transformation of Discriminators into Encoders using Pre-Trained GANs
Authors: Yu Cheng , Wang Wenmin
Published: June 2021

Finely tuned deep generative adversarial networks (GANs) can generate high-quality (HQ) images. However, the discriminator in GAN is only able to distinguish true or fake images. Moreover, numerous synthesized images from GANs are imperfect, and we can not reconstruct those images via GANs. In this paper, we revisit pre-trained GANs and offer a self-supervised method to quickly transform GAN's discriminators into encoders. We reuse parameters of the GAN's discriminator and replace its output layer, so that it can be transformed into an encoder and output reformed latent vectors. The transformation makes the pre-trained GAN a symmetrical architecture and allows for better performance. Based on the method, GANs can be made to reconstruct synthesized images via encoders. Compared to synthesized images, these reconstructions can maintain or even attain higher quality.
ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA FLAVONOID EKSTRAK ETANOL PANDAN HUTAN JENIS BARU FREYCINETIA SESSILIFLORA RIZKI
Authors:   Akademi Farmasi Yarsi Pontianak, Sri Rizki Fitri , Ferdinand Ade
Published: June 2021

West Kalimantan is a tropical area whose territory consists of swampy areas, highlands, lowlands, and mountains which have the potential to be a place to live for medicinal plants. One of the new types of forest pandanus plant, Freycinetia sessiliflora Rizki, found on Mount Passi, Singkawang, has not been widely exposed to scientific knowledge. This study aims to isolate the flavonoid compounds contained in pandan ethanol extract by maceration extraction using 96% ethanol. Identification of flavonoid compounds was carried out by wiltrater, 10% NaOH, and H2SO4 (concentrated) tests. Isolation of flavonoids by Thin Layer Chromatography and Column Chromatography. The results of several tests showed that there were flavonoids contained in the ethanol extract pandanus Freycinetia sessiliflora Rizki.
TERAPI SULIH (SWITCH THERAPY) ANTIBIOTIK PADA PASIEN PNEUMONIA KOMUNITI DI RSUD WANGAYA KOTA DENPASAR
Authors:   Universitas Bali Internasional, Puspita Apsari Dewi , Krisna Dwiyanti Ni Made , I.B.N. Maharjana I.B.N. Maharjana ,   Program Studi Farmasi Klinis, Fakultas Ilmu-Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Bali Internasional
Published: June 2021

Hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients are always prescribed intravenous (IV) antibiotics. Inappropriate and unnecessary IV antibiotics usage leads to an increase in healthcare costs and bacterial resistance. IV to per oral (PO) conversion therapy can overcome these problems. The aim of the study was to evaluate the practice of switching from intravenous to oral antibiotics of inpatients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). This retrospective observational study was conducted by taking patient medical record from january until december 2019. Outcomes of the study are patient characteristics, pattern use, antibiotic and type conversion therapy. Adult inpatients on conversion therapy were eligible for study enrollment. Data were analyzed descriptively using SPSS 17.0. The study showed that among 78 patients who were eligible for conversion therapy. Most of the patient has mean duration conversion therapy 48-72 hours as much as 55 (70,5%). Beta-lactams were the most commonly converted antibiotics. However, the step-down therapy was the major type of conversion practiced in this study as much as 48 (61,5) followed by sequential and switch over with numbers 21 (27%) and 9 (11,5%) respectively. Based on the study findings wangaya hospital should improve the practice of sequential therapy in order to reduce the burden of CAP.
PENETAPAN KADAR FENOLIK TOTAL EKSTRAK ETANOL 70% DAN FRAKSI ETIL ASETAT DAUN BAWANG DAYAK (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr) DENGAN METODE SPEKTROFOMETRI UV-VIS
Authors:   Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan ISFI banjarmasin, Kumalasari Eka , Mudjib Nararia Nazulla , musiam siska
Published: June 2021

ayak onion (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr). Is used by the people in Central Kalimantan as a traditional treatment by utilizing onion dayak tubers while the leaves are rarely used, the part of dayak onion leaves also have the potential to naturally be useful as traditional medicine because they contain compounds phenol. Phenol compounds are useful as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, hemostatic and antitumor. The purpose of this study was to determine the content of phenolic chemical compounds in ethyl acetate fraction and 70% ethanol extract of dayak onion leaves and find out the total phenolic content contained. The sample in this study is Dayak onion leaves from Palangkaraya, Central Kalimantan. Extraction of onion dayak leaves using maceration method. Fraction extract was made by liquid-liquid extraction method with ethyl acetate solvent. The level determination method used was Uv-Vis Spectrophotometry with Folin ciocalteau reagent. The results of this study indicate that from 70% ethanol extract and dayak onion leaves ethyl acetate fraction is containing phenolic compounds. Phenolic levels in this study obtained total levels of dayak onion leaves ethyl acetate fraction was 10.61% ± 0.0019 said to be greater than the 70% ethanol extract content of dayak onion leaves was 2.23% ± 0.0002.
Penatalaksanaan Paripurna Sindrom Sjögren
Authors: Respati Riris Asti , Budianti Windy Keumala
Published: June 2021

Sindrom Sjögren (SS) adalah penyakit autoimun yang ditandai dengan infiltrasi limfosit pada kelenjar eksokrin dan menyebabkan sindrom sika. Patogenesis SS masih belum diketahui sepenuhnya namun diduga terdapat kerusakan epitel kelenjar eksokrin karena peningkatan respons sel B dan sel T terhadap autoantigen Ro (SS-A) dan La (SS-B). Manifestasi klinis SS dibedakan menjadi glandular dan ekstraglandular. Tatalaksana SS terdiri atas lokal dan sistemik yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup dengan mengurangi gejala kekeringan.
Clear cell meningioma in a child: Case report and systematic literature review
Authors: Simm Pires de Aguiar Pedro Henrique , Alexandre Dezena Roberto Alexandre , Galafassi Giovanna , Furtado Santos Fernando , Marques Marangoni Lívia , Calfat Maldaun Marcos Vinicius , Paulo Henrique Pires de Aguiar Paulo Henrique Pires de Aguiar
Published: June 2021

Antecedentes: El meningioma de células claras (MCC) consiste en una variante poco común de meningiomas que generalmente ocurren en niños. Este tumor poco común se comporta de manera agresiva y las tasas de recurrencia son altas. Las manifestaciones clínicas son atípicas y el tratamiento generalmente implica cirugía. Métodos y Objetivos: Realizamos una revisión sistemática con el fin de definir las características más comunes de este raro tumor. Pubmed y LILACS fueron las bases de datos utilizadas para la búsqueda bibliográfica. Se incluyeron 17 estudios que cumplieron con nuestros criterios. Para avanzar en nuestra investigación, incluimos el caso clínico de una niña de 3 años con CCM operada en nuestro servicio. Resultados: Los MCC fueron más frecuentes en la población pediátrica que en la adulta, especialmente en el sexo femenino. La resección macroscópica del tumor y el índice MIB-1 < 3 fueron los parámetros relacionados con una menor tasa de recurrencia. La resección subtotal del tumor fue seguida de radioterapia en la mayoría de los casos de adultos. La mutación SMARCE-1 se pudo encontrar en varios pacientes. Conclusión: Los MCC son meningiomas raros que ocurren especialmente en niños. La agresividad y las altas tasas de recurrencia dificultan el manejo de esta enfermedad. Aún queda mucho por discutir sobre estos tumores raros, lo que exige más investigación.
Preform design in axial hot closed die forging by isothermal surface method. Part 1. Overview of preform design methods. Theoretical aspects and algorithm of preform shape design
Authors: Vlasov A.V. , Krivenko D.V. , Stebunov S.A. , Biba N.V. , Dyuzhev A.M.
Published: June 2021

Methods of preform design in hot-die forging are analyzed. It is noted that despite numerous works in this fi eld, preform design is still often based on the trial-and-error method. The isothermal surfaces method for preform design is proposed and its mathematical basis is considered. The procedure for determining of the preform shape is given. The design algorithm uses the QForm metal forming simulation software to build isothermal surfaces and check in the quality of the designed die geometry by finite element modeling, as well as specially developed version of the QFormDirect CAD based on SpaceClaim™.
Study of corrosion resistance of doped surface layer with CuSn—CrxCy composition after plasma hardening
Authors: Nguyen Van Trieu  , Astafeva N.A. , Balanovsky A.E. , Baranov A.N.
Published: June 2021

In the process of plasma surface hardening, coatings based on a mixture of CuSn alloy and 10/20 % OK 84.78 additive with high hardness were obtained. The study of the microstructures of the coatings showed that the content of the austenite phase decreases with an increase in the content of chromium carbide in the composition. The influence of the acidity parameter on the corrosion resistance of the alloyed surface layer with the composition of the mixture of alloys CuSn and the coating of the welding electrode OK 84.78 was evaluated. Corrosion control in 3% NaCl solutions with different pH values showed that the plasma coating has high corrosion resistance at pH = 7 and decreases by 2 times at pH = 3. An increase in the chromium content leads to an increase in the corrosion potential, and the presence of cracks leads to an increase in the corrosion current density.
Nickel plating of carbon and fiberglass with the purpose of increasing the erosion resistance of PCM structures
Authors: Salakhova R.K. , Tikhoobrazov A.B. , Smirnova T.B. , Kirilin S.G.
Published: June 2021

A method is proposed for increasing the erosion resistance of carbon and fiberglass by electrolytic deposition of a wear-resistant nickel coating on polymer composite materials. An assessment of the relative erosion resistance was carried out and the rate of erosional destruction of nickel-plated polymer composite materials was calculated when testing materials on the EI-01 laboratory installation for erosional wear developed by the authors. The effect of plasma treatment (atmospheric pressure plasma) of the surface of carbon and fiberglass on the adhesion strength of the nickel coating to the base, which was determined by the pull-off method using an Elcometer 106 adhesion meter, was studied.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA PELE FACIAL DOS ACADÊMICOS DE FISIOTERAPIA DO CENTRO UNIVERSITÁRIO DO PARÁ
Authors: Ferreira Tereza Cristina dos Reis , Carneiro Sabrinni Reis de Barros , Leite Samárya Nazaré Failache , Pereira Laira Thaise Fernandes , Ribeiro Luciana Morais , Brandão Jéssica Natacha Rodrigues , Marinho Iris do Socorro dos Santos , Marialva Ednei Lopes Teixeira , Bezerra Amanda Caroline das Neves Silva , Santos João Helder Castro dos , luttito Ketheleenn Caroline Leão , Quintairos Rafael da Rocha Dias , Corrêa Regina da Rocha , Conceição Anne Beatriz Duarte de , Souza Amanda Jordana Silva
Published: June 2021

Introdução:A pele representa 12% do peso seco total do corpo, é de longe o maior sistema de órgãos expostos ao meio ambiente, o qual desempenha múltiplas funções.Para manter a pele saudável são necessários alguns cuidados, sendo assim a classificação do tipo de pele é necessária para realização dos cuidados adequados a cada tipo específico de pele. Objetivo: objetivo geral deste trabalho foi avaliar a pele facial dos acadêmicos de fisioterapia do centro universitário do Pará. Metodologia: A amostra foi composta por 101 acadêmicos de fisioterapia do Centro Universitário do Pará de ambos os sexos. Resultado: Após análise de dados, observou-se existem 16 tipos de pele nos acadêmicos, na seção 1 mostra o grupo seca x oleosa, na seção 2 resistente x sensível, na seção 3 pigmentada x não pigmentada e na seção 4 enrugada x. Discussão: A classificação de Baumann avalia a pele em quatro parâmetros: hidratação, sensibilidade, pigmentação e tendência a rugas, tendo uma variância entre seus tipos por ambos os sexos analisados no estudo Conclusão: Conclui-se que o método de aplicação do questionário de Baumman, vem demonstrar de uma forma simples que ao analisar hábitos de vida, a pele não deve ser vista de uma maneira qualquer, precisa-se de atenção, comprometimento e ajuda profissional, para que esteja saudável e não venha causar danos futuros
Editorial
Authors: Lewis Patrick J
Published: June 2021

Editorial for the spring 2021 issue of in education
Formulation and Evaluation of Ketoprofen Using β-Cyclodextrin Capped Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Mandava Kiranmai , Lalit Kruthika , Katla Venu Madhav
Published: June 2021

The objective of the study was to develop silver nanoparticles loaded with Ketoprofen (Ag-KP) for increasing the drug solubility and thereby its bioavailability. Ag-KP were prepared by the solvent evaporation method using β-Cyclodextrin as a biodegradable polymer. Different formulations of Ag-KP were characterized for the drug entrapment efficiency, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), particle size analysis, X-ray diffraction studies (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and  in-vitro dissolution studies. The optimized formulation (F6) has shown an average particle size of 167.8 ± 3.46 nm,zeta potential of -23.7 ± 1.46 mV. FTIR revealed that the drug showed good excipient compatibility. XRD studies showed that the drug has changed from crystalline to amorphous state. In all formulations, F6 formulation (optimized) exhibited high drug entrapment efficiency (∼93%). SEM studies indicated the shape of Ag-KP was roughly spherical with smooth surface. In vitro dissolution studies showed that Ag-KP from F6 formulation was 94.3 ± 4.9% but for the marketed formulation, it is only 84.6 ± 3.7% in 12 hours and F6 was found to be found stable for three months at both refrigerated and room temperature (RT).
Aspects of Complex Physical Therapy in Rehabilitation of Patients with Non-Specific Back Pain
Authors: Zadorina-Negoda Galina N. , Achkasov Evgeny E.
Published: June 2021

Back pain is one of the most common problems encountered by doctors of various specialties-from pediatricians and internists to sports doctors who work with professional athletes. Neck and back pain can occur regardless of age and fitness level. Aim. Creation of the optimal rehabilitation algorithm for the treatment of patients with back pain. Material and methods. 249 patients with confirmed nonspecific back pain were examined, who were divided into five groups for rehabilitation using various methods: physiotherapy exercises, mechanotherapy, K. Lewit manual therapy, postural training, divided into subgroups depending on the phasic and tonic muscles functional state and a group of complex rehabilitation. All patients were examined according to the diagnostic, rehabilitation and diagnostic algorithm developed by the authors with multilevel functional muscle testing. Subsequently, the analysis of the effectiveness of the proposed methods was carried out depending on the musculoskeletal system state. Result. A rehabilitation algorithm has been developed, with the help of which a personalized rehabilitation program is formed depending on the individual characteristics identified during the diagnostic examination. The main causes of nonspecific back pain were identified and methods for their correction were developed. Conclusion. The use of the proposed rehabilitation and diagnostic algorithm simplifies the identification of the causes of pain and allows you to choose the most effective rehabilitation technique.
Identificação e caracterização das relações interfederativas : região metropolitana de Porto Alegre : interfaces com a construção da PNDU : componente A : relatório de pesquisa
Authors:   Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Ipea)
Published: June 2021

Este relatório tem por objetivos relacionar, descrever e caracterizar as estruturas institucionais presentes na RM de Porto Alegre, sobretudo no âmbito do planejamento das políticas públicas que têm rebatimento no espaço metropolitano, concernentes às funções públicas de interesse comum (FPICs) e que contemplam relações interfederativas entre municípios metropolitanos, de modo a averiguar sua possível contribuição para a gestão e o planejamento na RM. Portanto, não se esgota a descrição de todas as funções públicas de interesse comum para a gestão metropolitana, mas se exploram aquelas em que se verifica maior participação de diferentes atores e com maior repercussão para a gestão e o planejamento do espaço metropolitano.
Caltech-NRAO Stripe 82 Survey (CNSS). V. AGNs That Transitioned to Radio-loud State
Authors: Wołowska Aleksandra , Kunert-Bajraszewska Magdalena , Mooley Kunal P. , Siemiginowska Aneta , Kharb Preeti , Ishwara-Chandra C. H. , Hallinan Gregg , Gromadzki Mariusz , Kozieł-Wierzbowska Dorota
Published: June 2021

A recent multiyear Caltech-NRAO Stripe 82 Survey revealed a group of objects that appeared as new radio sources after >5–20 yr of absence. They are transient phenomena with respect to the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty Centimeters survey and constitute the first unbiased sample of renewed radio activity. Here we present a follow-up, radio, optical, and X-ray study of them. The group consists of 12 sources, both quasars and galaxies with wide redshift (0.04 < z < 1.7) and luminosity (

) distributions. Their radio properties in the first phase of activity, namely the convex spectra and compact morphology, allow them all to be classified as gigahertz-peaked spectrum (GPS) sources. We conclude that the spectral changes are a consequence of the evolution of newly born radio jets. Our observations show that over the next few years of activity the GPS galaxies keep the convex shape of the spectrum, while GPS quasars rapidly transform into flat-spectrum sources, which may result in them not being recognized as young sources. The wide range of bolometric luminosities, black hole masses, and jet powers among the transient sources indicates even greater population diversity in the group of young radio objects. We also suggest that small changes of the accretion disk luminosity (accretion rate) may be sufficient to ignite low-power radio activity that evolves on the scale of decades.
Modeling Stellar Ca ii H and K Emission Variations. I. Effect of Inclination on the S-index
Authors: Sowmya K. , Shapiro A. I. , Witzke V. , Nèmec N.-E. , Chatzistergos T. , Yeo K. L. , Krivova N. A. , Solanki S. K.
Published: June 2021

The emission in the near-ultraviolet Ca ii H and K lines is modulated by stellar magnetic activity. Although this emission, quantified via the S-index, has been serving as a prime proxy of stellar magnetic activity for several decades, many aspects of the complex relation between stellar magnetism and Ca ii H and K emission are still unclear. The amount of measured Ca ii H and K emission is suspected to be affected not only by the stellar intrinsic properties but also by the inclination angle of the stellar rotation axis. Until now, such an inclination effect on the S-index has remained largely unexplored. To fill this gap, we develop a physics-based model to calculate S-index, focusing on the Sun. Using the distributions of solar magnetic features derived from observations together with Ca ii H and K spectra synthesized in non-local thermodynamic equilibrium, we validate our model by successfully reconstructing the observed variations of the solar S-index over four activity cycles. Further, using the distribution of magnetic features over the visible solar disk obtained from surface flux transport simulations, we obtain S-index time series dating back to 1700 and investigate the effect of inclination on S-index variability on both the magnetic activity cycle and the rotational timescales. We find that when going from an equatorial to a pole-on view, the amplitude of S-index variations decreases weakly on the activity cycle timescale and strongly on the rotational timescale (by about 22% and 81%, respectively, for a cycle of intermediate strength). The absolute value of the S-index depends only weakly on the inclination. We provide analytical expressions that model such dependencies.
Convectively Coupled Equatorial Trapped Waves in Stars and Planets
Authors: Cai Tao , Yu Cong , Wei Xing
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we have studied convectively coupled equatorially trapped waves in rotating stars, with and without magnetic fields. The equatorial trapped hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic Poincaré, Rossby, mixed Rossby–Poincaré, and Kelvin waves were identified. The effects of stratification and nontraditional Coriolis force terms have been investigated. When the flow is strongly stratified, the wave frequencies of the convectively coupled model are almost the same as those of a shallow-water model. However, when the flow is weakly stratified, the wave frequencies are constrained by the buoyancy frequency. The nontraditional Coriolis terms affect the widths and phases of the equatorial waves. The width increases with an increasing nontraditional Coriolis parameter. Phase shift occurs when the nontraditional Coriolis parameter is included. The magnetic effect is significant when the magnetic field is strong. We have applied the model in the solar atmosphere and solar tachocline to explain the Rieger-type periodicities. For the solar atmosphere, when the magnetic effect is taken into account, we find that the magnetic field should be smaller than 5 G in the solar photosphere. Otherwise, the Rieger-type periodicities can only be attributed to long Rossby waves. For the solar tachocline, we find that magnetic field of the solar tachocline should be smaller than 50 kG to observe the 160 day Rieger period. In addition, we find that the effect of the nontraditional Coriolis terms is not obvious in the solar photosphere, but its effect on the tachocline is significant.
A Novel Test of Quasar Orientation
Authors: Richards Gordon T. , Plotkin Richard M. , Hewett Paul C. , Rankine Amy L. , Rivera Angelica B. , Shen Yue , Shemmer Ohad
Published: June 2021

The orientation of the disk of material accreting onto supermassive black holes that power quasars is one of most important quantities that are needed to understand quasars—both individually and in the ensemble average. We present a hypothesis for determining comparatively edge-on orientation in a subset of quasars (both radio loud and radio quiet). If confirmed, this orientation indicator could be applicable to individual quasars without reference to radio or X-ray data and could identify some 10%–20% of quasars as being more edge-on than average, based only on moderate resolution and signal-to-noise spectroscopy covering the C iv
λ 1549 Å emission feature. We present a test of said hypothesis using X-ray observations and identify additional data that are needed to confirm this hypothesis and calibrate the metric.
Statin Utilization among Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: Systematic Review
Authors: Dewi Pramitha Esha Nirmala , Thavorncharoensap Montarat
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: The early use of statin with intensive regimen has been recommended by the recent guidelines as the prevention of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) related events among the high-risk patients. Meanwhile, the inconsistent statin utilization for targeted patient in current practice is still an issue.

AIM: This study aims to review the utilization rate of statin among patients with ACS.

METHODS: A systematic search of relevant studies published between inceptions to June 2020 was conducted in PubMed. Patients and intervention domains were used to build up the searching formula. A study was eligible for inclusion if it was an original study of patients with ACS and it examined the utilization of statin. The risk of bias was assessed using Axis and NOS checklist.

RESULTS: Among the 49 eligible studies, 38 were cohort studies while the others were cross-sectional studies. The utilization rate of statin at hospital admission ranged from 16% to 61% while 25% to 75% during the hospitalization. Of the total studies, 35 studies reported the statin rate at discharge ranging from 58% to 99%. Almost all studies revealed the reduction of statin utilization rate along the follow-up period. The number of statins prescribed was found to be lower among female and elderly patients.

CONCLUSION: Despite the established benefits of statin among patients with ACS, our study revealed that statin was underutilized for secondary prevention after ACS. To improve patients’ clinical outcomes with ACS, efforts should be made to increase optimal treatment and compliance with a statin.
Exploring the Capability of Indonesia Natural Medicine Secondary Metabolite as Potential Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Proteins to Prevent Virulence of COVID-19: In silico and Bioinformatic Approach
Authors: Cahyono Bambang , Amalina Nur Dina , Suzery Meiny , Nur Wahyu Bima Damar
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 was causing COVID-19 disease resulting in many deaths and being a significant concern in the world today. There is an emergent need to search for possible medications for COVID-19 treatment. The key point to halt SARS-CoV-2 infection through inhibition of the virus-receptor interaction and stimulates the immune system. Utilization of the bioinformatic and in silico molecular docking a number of available medications might be proven to be effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 main drug targets including the SARS-CoV2 spike glycoprotein, the 3CL protease SARS-CoV-2 active target, PD-ACE2, 2019-nCoV PLpro, and NF-kβ.

AIM: This present study was conducted to identify the potential target and molecular mechanism of the major compound on Alpinia galanga extract and Citrus sinensis (L.) extract in circumventing COVID-19 using a bioinformatics approach and in silico molecular docking.

RESULTS: Direct protein target of all secondary metabolite and the gene list from PubMed “Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2” generated 2 genes (CCL2 and VEGFA) as potential therapeutics target genes (PTTG). The molecular docking was conducted by the Protein-Ligand Ant System (PLANTS) software. The results show that hesperidin, naringenin, and galangin have lower docking score for all five-protein target receptor compared with chloroquine and remdesivir. The lower docking score suggests a high affinity to bind the protein. Moreover, these compounds have a strong affinity in their inhibitory capacity for viral infection.

CONCLUSION: In general, this study’s findings show that the compound of Alpinia galanga extract dan Citrus sinensis (L.) extract exhibit the best potential as an inhibitor to the development of the SARS-CoV-2 and inhibited cytokine storm through inactivation NF-kβ _pathway.
The Use of 25-hydroxyvitamin D Saliva Test to Replace Vitamin D Serum Blood Test in Healthy People
Authors: Sari Dina Keumala , Sari Liza Meutia , Laksmi Lidya Imelda , Farhat Farhat
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Routine examination of Vitamin D levels is carried out by checking serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels which indicate circulating Vitamin D levels. While serum 1.25(OH)D levels are less frequently performed, although serum 1.25(OH)D levels represent the active form of Vitamin D be a substitute for checking Vitamin D levels.

AIMS: This study aims to see the correlation between Vitamin D levels, namely, 25(OH)D and 1.25(OH)D saliva, which correlate with serum 25(OH)D and 1.25(OH)D levels so that the examination of salivary Vitamin D levels can be a substitute for checking serum Vitamin D levels.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study is a cross-sectional study involving healthy men and women, aged 20–50 years, sampling in Lima Puluh Village, Batubara District, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. The parameters studied were 25(OH)D and 1.25(OH)D levels of saliva and serum.

RESULTS: This study involved 56 study subjects, male and female, with a percentage of deficiencies of 78.6% by examining 25(OH)D saliva and 76.8% by examining 25(OH)D serum. As for the 1.25(OH)D examination of saliva and serum, all were within normal limits. The analysis showed that a moderate correlation was obtained for levels of 25(OH)D saliva with serum 25(OH)D (p = 0.424) and a weak correlation for levels of 1.25(OH)D saliva with serum 25(OH)D (p = 0.339).

CONCLUSIONS: Salivary 25(OH)D assay can be used to replace serum 25(OH)D assay in healthy people as a non-invasive alternative.