bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Circulating sex hormones and volumetric breast density: A prospective study in women from the EPIC Florence cohort
Authors: Bendinelli Benedetta , Danza Giovanna , Assedi Melania , Villanelli Fabio , Vagnoni Giulia , Pastore Elisa , Saieva Calogero , Caini Saverio , Vignozzi Linda , Masala Giovanna
Published: December 2024

Mammographic breast density (MBD) is a known risk factor for breast cancer. This study aimed to evaluate prospectively how circulating levels of sex hormones and sex hormones binding globulin (SHBG) are associated with volumetric percent density (VPD, %) and absolute breast dense volume (DV, cm3) measured after an average 13.5 years of follow up. We included 422 post‐ and 445 pre‐menopausal women enrolled in the Florence section of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study. Blood levels of circulating sex hormones and SHBG were determined in serum samples collected at enrollment. The automated Volpara™ density software was used to obtain DV and VPD measures from the first available full‐field digital mammography performed after enrollment. We carried out adjusted linear regression models for post‐menopausal and pre‐menopausal women, separately. Higher baseline blood levels of SHBG were associated with higher VPD both in post‐menopausal (%Diff 17.2 III vs. I tertile, p‐value 0.02, p‐trend 0.02) and pre‐menopausal women (%Diff 21.1 III vs. I tertile, p‐value 0.004, p‐trend 0.004). Among pre‐menopausal women a modifying effect of parity emerged, with significant inverse associations of estradiol, free estradiol, estrone, and free testosterone with VPD in women with a lower number of births or higher age at every birth. DV was not associated with sex hormones or SHBG. A direct association between increasing serum level of SHBG and VPD was observed both in post‐ and pre‐menopausal women. This association need to be further investigated in order to better understand the underlying mechanisms.
An Islamic Inter‐Temporal Capital Asset Pricing Model: Evidence From GCC Indexes
Authors: Alahouel Fatma , Loukil Nadia
Published: December 2024

Our study examines the multi‐period Islamic investment issue in GCC markets. We assess the validity of ICAPM by incorporating market dynamics: volatility and uncertainty. To test the predictive power of these factors over time, we employ Engle's (2002) dynamic conditional correlation framework and compute the DCC between Islamic stock index returns and three key variables: the GCC Islamic index (market index) and market state variables (volatility and uncertainty). For cross‐sectional variation, we follow Bali and Engle (2010) and estimate the seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) after measuring dynamic covariance. We report heterogeneous results revealing a complex relationship between market risk factors and expected returns. While the introduction of market volatility and uncertainty factors generally resulted in a negative risk premium, the specific impact varied across different markets. Interestingly, the Saudi index, holding significant weight within the GCC index, shows a negative risk premium and a positive uncertainty premium in the short‐term. Accordingly, investors seek a premium for uncertainty and accept a discount for volatility in the Saudi market. However, in the long term, a traditional positive risk–return relationship is observed. The cross‐sectional results reveal that both GCC index fluctuations and shifts in market volatility are associated with a negative risk premium, in the short term. Whereas, an increasing market uncertainty leads to a higher expected return in the following month. This study adds novelty to the literature related to the pricing of Shari'ah‐compliant assets by testing the inter‐temporal CAPM for these assets and showing the usefulness for investors. Indeed, the implementation of a multi‐period investment plan across Islamic GCC indexes can help investors mitigate adverse changes in market volatility and uncertainty.
Design, Synthesis, Antiproliferative Screening, and In Silico Studies of Some Pyridinyl‐Pyrimidine Candidates
Authors: Abdelrahman Ali H. , Azab Mohammad E. , Hegazy Mohamed A. , Labena Ahmed , Ramadan Sayed K.
Published: December 2024

Using pyrimidinethione, a new series of pyridinyl‐pyrimidine candidates was prepared by reacting with diverse carbon‐centered electrophiles like hydrazonoyl chloride, N‐arylchloroacetamide, ethyl chloroacetate, and enaminone derivatives. Some heteroannulated compounds, such as triazolopyrimidine and thiazolopyrimidine derivatives were obtained. The mass fragmentation pathways were investigated by the electron impact mass spectrometry (EI‐MS), and the molecular ion peaks (M+.) were recorded at different intensities. The in vitro antiproliferative efficacy of the prepared compounds against MCF7 and HCT116 cancer cell lines showed the highest potency of pyrimidinethione 2, triazolopyrimidine 4, and thiazolopyrimidine 10. Also, in silico studies were performed to recognize these findings. A molecular docking simulation towards the EGFR enzyme showed the best docking score of thiazolopyrimidine 10 through H‐bonding and hydrophobic interactions in comparison to the interactions of co‐crystallized ligand and doxorubicin. With DFT calculations, compound 10 exhibited the lowest energy gap and the highest softness. Among ADME simulation, compounds 7, 8, 9, and 11 exhibited desirable lead‐likeness. It is hoped that this work may affect advancing new effective antiproliferative agents.
On‐Site Raman and XRF Study of Complex Metal Patinas and Cloisonné Enamels From 19th‐Century Christofle Masterpieces: Technological Study of the Decoration Techniques
Authors: Schröter Julie , Colomban Philippe , Bouchard Michel , Bellot‐Gurlet Ludovic , Gay‐Mazuel Audrey
Published: December 2024

A major effort in technological development was conducted during the 19th century. The polychrome surfaces of the metal parts of a corner cabinet, a torch vase, an “elephant” vase, and a candelabra pair designed by Emile Reiber between 1874 and 1878 for the Christofle & Cie Company were investigated on site by means of noninvasive Raman, FTIR, and X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy after examination under white light at different magnifications and under UV illumination. Despite the low thickness of the patinas (a few tens of microns) different (electro)chemically formed phases were identified in these layers (Cu2O, Ag2S, CuS or Cu2S, and sulfates). Residues of organic conservation products are identified by FTIR reflectance. The results are compared with the information available in the patents filed by the company as well as other written sources from that period. The pigments and opacifiers (Naples yellows, lead arsenates, fluorite, spinels, cassiterite, and chromates), and the vitreous matrices of the cloisonné enamels of the objects above are identified and testify to the deliberate combination of European and Asian enameling techniques.
The Prevalence of Local Symptoms in Benign Thyroid Disease: A Systematic Review with Meta‐analysis
Authors: Yogaraj Vikash , Sinclair Catherine , Tchernegovski Ayden , Phyland Debra
Published: December 2024

Objective

This systematic review seeks to evaluate the prevalence of local symptoms in patients with benign thyroid disease as described in the literature.

Data sources

A literature search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Medline, and Cochrane databases.

Review Methods

Crude symptom prevalence was obtained by addition of data across studies that reported local symptoms, and adjusted symptom frequency was calculated using a random effects model. Subgroup analysis was conducted to explore heterogeneity.

Results

The final review included 21 studies with 4063 patients, with adjusted symptom prevalence as follows: dyspnoea (29%), dysphagia (23%), dysphonia (18%). Globus and cosmetic concern were frequent in nodule subgroups (54% and 77%, respectively). Patients with goiter were significantly more likely to experience dyspnoea than those with solitary nodules. Symptom prevalence was qualitatively higher in studies that used questionnaires, as compared with studies containing clinician‐derived data.

Conclusions

Local symptoms occur frequently in patients with benign thyroid disease, with dyspnoea being most common, followed by dysphagia and dysphonia. Additional large‐scale studies with homogenous reporting of symptoms, and data pertaining to thyroid disease size and location, are required to further delineate the relationship between benign thyroid disease and local symptomatology. Furthermore, the disparity in symptom prevalence between questionnaire and clinician‐derived data suggests the superiority of questionnaires as a means of symptom assessment, and their potential utility as an instrument to guide patient counseling and outcome expectations. Laryngoscope, 2024
Epigenetic and Metabolic Landscape of Dementia with Lewy Bodies
Authors: Vishweswaraiah Sangeetha , Yilmaz Ali , Gordevicius Juozas , Milčiūtė Milda , Krinickis Karolis , Kerseviciute Ieva , McGuinness Bernadette , Passmore Peter , Kehoe Patrick G. , Green Brian D. , Radhakrishna Uppala , Graham Stewart F.
Published: December 2024

Background

Lewy body diseases, including dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), are characterized by α‐synuclein accumulation, leading to dementia. Previous studies suggest distinct epigenetic and metabolomic profiles in DLB.

Objective

This study aims to identify diagnostic biomarkers by analyzing the methylome and metabolome in the Brodmann area 7 of postmortem brain tissues from DLB patients and control subjects using multiomics approaches.

Methods

Methylation analysis was performed using the Illumina EPIC array, and metabolomics profiling was conducted via 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and direct injection/liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Differential methylation and metabolite analysis were conducted, followed by pathway enrichment to explore biological relevance.

Results

We identified 3478 significantly differentially methylated cytosines, mostly hypermethylated, enriched in CpG islands near transcription start sites. Pathway enrichment analysis showed significant pathways, primarily linked to olfactory and synaptic functions. Metabolomics profiling identified 15 significantly altered metabolites, with Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) Biosynthesis being the most affected pathway. Key correlations between differentially methylated cytosines and metabolites, particularly in the PE Biosynthesis pathway involving PTDSS1 and PCYT2 genes, were observed.

Conclusions

Notably, sex‐specific differences were found, with females exhibiting more epigenetic and metabolomic changes than males. Increased hypermethylation, linked to transcriptional silencing, and disruptions in PE biosynthesis suggest a role in synaptic dysfunction and olfactory deficits. In addition, α‐aminoadipic acid was strongly associated with vascular functions, hinting at a possible overlap between vascular health and DLB. This study provides new insights into DLB mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Enhancing tumor radiotherapy sensitivity through metal nanomaterials: A comprehensive review
Authors: Xiao Susu , Wang Xiaoxiao , Chen Bo , Mu Min , Han Bo , Chen Nianyong , Guo Gang
Published: December 2024

Radiotherapy (RT) plays a crucial role in tumor treatment and is an indispensable therapeutic approach. However, ionizing radiation often damages the normal tissues surrounding the tumor. Therefore, there is an urgent need for effective methods to improve the precision of RT. Nanotechnology has shown potential in enhancing the efficacy and safety of tumor RT. With the continuous development of multifunctional nanomaterials, various nanomaterials have been designed and investigated as radiation enhancers. Metallic nanomaterials are considered as promising radiosensitizers with potential for clinical translation. High atomic number (high‐Z) metal nanoparticles (NPs), such as gold and bismuth, have garnered increasing attention for their ability to enhance the radiation effect, as they can potentially improve RT outcomes. New nanomedicine strategies may help to advance RT. This paper concisely explains the radiation enhancement mechanisms of high‐Z metal NPs. It also enumerates several commonly studied high‐Z metallic nanomaterials used in tumor RT and discusses their potential clinical applications.
Adaptive Data‐Driven Models in Port‐Hamiltonian Form for Control Design
Authors: Junker Annika , Timmermann Julia , Trächtler Ansgar
Published: December 2024

Control engineering applications usually require a model that accurately represents the dynamics of the system. In addition to classical physical modeling, powerful data‐driven approaches are gaining popularity. However, the resulting models may not be ideal for control design due to their black‐box structure, which inherently limits interpretability. Formulating the system dynamics in port‐Hamiltonian form is highly beneficial, as its valuable property of passivity enables the straightforward design of globally stable controllers while ensuring physical interpretability. In a recently published article, we presented a method for data‐driven inference of port‐Hamiltonian models for complex mechatronic systems, requiring only fundamental physical prior knowledge. The resulting models accurately represent the nonlinear dynamics of the considered systems and are physically interpretable. In this contribution, we advance our previous work by including two key elements. Firstly, we demonstrate the application of the above described data‐driven PCHD models for controller design. Preserving the port‐Hamiltonian form in the closed loop not only guarantees global stability and robustness but also ensures desired speed and damping characteristics. Since control systems based on output measurements, which are continuously measured during operation due to the feedback structure, we secondly aim to use this data. Thus, we augment the existing modeling strategy with an intelligent adaptation approach to address uncertainties and (un)predictable system changes in mechatronic systems throughout their lifecycle, such as the installation of new components, wear, or temperature fluctuations during operation. Our proposed algorithm for recursively calculated data‐driven port‐Hamiltonian models utilizes a least‐squares approach with extensions such as automatically adjusting the forgetting factor and controlling the covariance matrix trace. We demonstrate the results through model‐based application on an academic example and experimental validation on a test bench.
Effect of linear low density plyethylene on the physico‐mechanical properties of multiphase space domestic waste composites prepared by hot pressing
Authors: Jiang Hui , Liu Xiang , Zhang Junfeng , Tian Ke , Zhou Kanghan
Published: December 2024

Typical space domestic waste (SWL‐10%, SWL‐25%, SWL‐40%, SWL‐50%) added with different proportions of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) was used as raw material to prepare high‐stability composite materials by heating and compression molding. The hot pressing of LLDPE and space waste not only effectively reduces volume, but also yields composite material with superior physical and mechanical properties. This study investigated the impact of hot pressing process on the stability of composites prepared from multiphase space domestic waste. The physical and mechanical properties of these compressed blocks were analyzed, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed to characterize the composites' properties. Our results demonstrate that BSWL‐40% (hot pressing temperature (160 °C), LLDPE addition ratio (50%)) composite achieves a volume reduction rate as high as 96%, with an initial density increase by 16.1%. Furthermore, the compressive strength and impact strength of BSWL‐50% composites increased by 19% (6.85 MPa) and 71% (14.3 KJ/m2). These improvements can be attributed to enhanced physical/mechanical interlocking structure at a temperature of 160 °C based on SEM analysis findings. Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy also confirmed the presence of ester bonds between LLDPE and space domestic waste materials.

Highlights

Solid‐plastic composites were successfully prepared by hot pressing.

LLDPE particles were added to domestic waste for composite fabrication.

The BSWL‐40% composite achieved a high volume reduction of 96%.

The stability of the composite was judged by physical and mechanical properties.

The BSWL‐50% composite exhibited superior mechanical properties.
Mechanical, thermal and morphological analysis of polylactic acid‐woven glass fiber composites fabricated by additive manufacturing
Authors: Dubey Ankit Dhar , Debnath Kishore
Published: December 2024

Polylactic acid (PLA), a biodegradable thermoplastic, is being used significantly in a wide range of applications because of its environmentally friendly nature. 3D printing is an innovative technique that is used to fabricate polymer composites with complex contours and high precision. Conventional 3D printing technologies use fiber reinforcement in the form of filament. However, fibers in the form of sheets, when used in composite materials, improve the distribution of load and enhance the multi‐directional strength. This study investigates the improvement in the tensile strength of PLA‐based composite by integrating woven glass fibers (WGF) during 3D printing processing. The composites were fabricated using an FDM‐based 3D printer where the WGF sheet was used as reinforcement and PLA filament was used as the matrix material. The main input parameters consist of the number of WGF layers and the orientation of the WGF. Taguchi orthogonal array was used to fabricate composite samples with different combinations of input parameters and then these samples were tested to evaluate the tensile properties. The finding shows that PLA composites reinforced with four layers of glass fiber at 0/90° fiber orientation showed the highest tensile strength of 52.85 MPa and a thermal degradation temperature of 330.49 °C.

Highlights

3D printing of WGF‐PLA composite and mechanical characterization.

The composite specimen showed the highest tensile strength of 52.85 MPa.

The thermal degradation temperature reached 330.49 °C in TGA analysis.

ANN predicted the optimal combination of 4 fiber layers with 0/90° orientation.

Uniform PLA deposition reduced voids and enhanced interlayer adhesion.
Heterostructured Al2O3@BNNS/epoxy‐POSS/epoxy composites with excellent thermal conductivity, dielectric, and thermal properties
Authors: Xie Lei , Zhang Hongqiang , Liu Yujian , Zhang Yan
Published: December 2024

High thermal conductivity (λ) composite with excellent dielectric, mechanical, and thermal properties are critical to the reliability and safety of electrical devices. However, the excessive addition of thermal conductive fillers may lead to severe performance degradation. Heterogeneous structured alumina‐hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (Al2O3@BNNS) fillers were prepared by electrostatic self‐assembly method. Owing to synergistic effect of spherical Al2O3 and sheet BN, and much low interface thermal resistance, λ of the epoxy resin with 20 wt% Al2O3@BNNS2 is raised to 0.84 W·m−1·K−1, 86.67% higher than that of Al2O3/BN/EP composite. Furthermore, epoxy‐based polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (EP‐POSS) was incorporated to further optimize dielectric property of the composite. The λ of the composite is slightly decreased, but the dielectric constant and dielectric loss are reduced to 2.954 and 0.01058, respectively, due to the unique cage structure of EP‐POSS and excellent compatibility of EP‐POSS with the matrix. The composite also exhibits favorable mechanical properties with an impact strength of 86.2 MPa and a bending strength of 7.81 kJ·m−2, as well as outstanding thermal stability, suggesting its promising prospects for advanced electronic devices.

Highlights

fAl2O3 and fBNNS electrostatic self‐assemble into heterostructured fillers.

The λ of Al2O3@BNNS2/EP composite is much higher than the others.

The cage‐like EP‐POSS is used to improve dielectric properties of the epoxy resin.

The ε and tanδ of composites at 1 MHz are only 2.954 and 0.01058, respectively.
Processability and properties of cubic‐BaTiO3/poly(vinylidene fluoride) composites for additive manufacturing: From powder compounding to 3D‐printed parts
Authors: Moriche Rocío , Donate Ricardo , Otero Andrea , Santiago‐Andrades Lucía , Monzón Elena , Sayagués María Jesús , Monzón Mario , Paz Rubén
Published: December 2024

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is a piezoelectric and thermoplastic material with great potential for additive manufacturing (AM) applications. Using barium titanate (BaTiO3) as filler, PVDF‐based composite materials were developed, characterized, and processed by AM material extrusion (MEX). The morphological features and phase transformations occurring throughout the processing of BaTiO3‐filled PVDF, from the compounding to the printed part, were analyzed. The morphology of the powder feedstock after dispersion in a high‐energy ball mill changed from spheroidal to laminar and β‐phase formation was favored. Microhardness gradually increased with the BaTiO3 content, obtaining an enhancement of ~60% for a content of 25 vol%, and supported the good dispersion of the filler. A ~48% increase of the dielectric permittivity was also achieved. After extrusion, filaments with a filler content of 15 vol% showed a more stable diameter, as well as higher crystallinity and surface roughness, compared with those with lower BaTiO3 contents. Material extrusion of filament and direct printing of pellets based on MEX were successfully used to obtain AM parts. Composite parts showed enhanced surface roughness, hydrophilicity, and flexural modulus (up to ~33% for the 7 vol% composite compared with the PVDF), thus leading to superior mechanical characteristics and potential biomedical applications.

Highlights

Dry high‐energy ball milling was a suitable greener dispersion approach.

MEX processes were successfully used to obtain 3D‐printed parts.

The use of direct printing of pellets/powder improved the 3D printability.

The surface roughness and hydrophilicity increased with the filler content.

The permittivity and elastic modulus increased with the filler content.
Induced structure and its gradient design on energy absorption properties and failure behavior of aluminum/carbon fiber reinforced polypropylene super hybrid tube
Authors: Huaguan Li , Siyi Xiang , Xianglong Sun , Yanyan Lin , Rui Zhou , Wenyi Liu
Published: December 2024

The metal/fiber super hybrid tube is a mixture of pure metal and carbon fiber structure, featuring both stable energy dissipation of the metal and good energy absorption efficiency of the composite, with greatly improved lightweight. However, the failure mode of the hybrid tube is unstable and prone to Eulerian buckling, which affects its energy absorption performance. In this work, aluminum alloy/carbon fiber reinforced polypropylene super hybrid tube (Al/CFPP super hybrid tube) have been obtained through the addition of an induced structures, which aims at reducing the maximum peak load generated during collision. The effects of induced grooves and holes structure (number of holes, diameter and row number) on the damage and energy absorption were discussed. The results showed that the initial peak load can be effectively reduced by adding an induction groove structure. When the number of induction holes is 4, the diameter is 5 mm, and the number of rows is 1, the initial peak load decreases by 14.06%, and the total energy absorption is basically unchanged. Additionally, the gradient design of the hole diameter and spacing significantly helped guide the gradual failure of the structure, with the initial peak load decreased by 21.98% and the total absorption energy increased by 20.26%.

Highlights

Super hybrid structures were developed to improve crashworthiness.

The effect of induced grooves energy absorption was analyzed.

The effect of hole size and quantity energy absorption were analyzed.

A gradient design of hole size and spacing was proposed.

The combined of the induction hole and trigger angle was demonstrated.
Wood‐like boards obtained from the recycling of rigid and flexible multilayer food packaging
Authors: Morales Federico , Costantino Maria Alejandra , Rodriguez Exequiel Santos , Pettarin Valeria
Published: December 2024

Nowadays, there is a growing concern about the damage caused by waste in the environment, which implies the generation of new processes and habits to contribute to a circular economy. This work explores a new alternative for the recycling of rigid and flexible containers without losing their structure of multilayer composites, which could be an advantage when used as boards or agglomerates. Then, the manufacturing process of recycled plates obtained from multilaminate containers is detailed. The idea lies in the combined use of two packaging with LDPE external layers, then being compatible without destroying the multilayer structure, to obtain wood‐like panels. Obtained composite boards are characterized in terms of moisture absorption, thermal conductivity and mechanical behavior, and properties compared with commercially available particleboards (LDF and MDF). The influence of the number of flexible containers in boards' performance was analyzed. The optimum processing temperature and pressure were also determined. Based on obtained results, it can be concluded that obtained boards have mechanical and moisture‐absorbing properties comparable to those of commercial particleboards, with greater resistance to environmental influences. Then, composite boards made from multilaminate containers are a promising and sustainable alternative for the construction and interior design industry. It is noticeable that this form of recycling has great advantages: it requires only a few steps, no solvents or water are used after washing and no sophisticated equipment is needed.

Highlights

Recycled multilaminate containers yield boards with competitive mechanical properties.

Innovative process preserves multilayer structure for wood‐like panels.

Optimized temperature and pressure parameters ensure board integrity.

Superior moisture resistance compared with standard particleboards.

Simple, solvent‐free method requires minimal equipment for production.
Facial functionalization carbon fiber with MnO2 nanosheets for high‐performance epoxy composites with excellent flame retardancy and mechanical properties
Authors: Zhao Min , Guo Nan , Wang Kangbo , Qu Qing , Zhang Qi , Wang Caifeng , Xin Hua
Published: December 2024

The carbon fiber (CF) reinforced epoxy composites possess exceptional and distinctive properties as advanced composite materials. However, the flammability of epoxy resin and inadequate interfacial bonding between the resin and CF often impose limitations on their broader application. Herein, in order to enhance the flame retardancy of EP composites effectively, a hierarchical reinforcement was developed by facilely growing MnO2 nanosheets onto CF surface through an in situ process. Owing to their synergistic effects of physical barrier and chemical catalytic behavior, the presence of MnO2 nanosheets can effectively retard the combustion process by facilitating charring formation and suppressing heat and smoke release. Specifically, compared to the Untreated CF, the modified fiber reinforced composites exhibited significantly improved fire safety with reduction of 76.23%, 51.5% and 23.1% in peak heat release rate, total heat release and peak smoke production rate, respectively. Additionally, incorporating MnO2 nanosheets significantly enhanced mechanical properties of the composites, leading to remarkable enhancements of 41.8% in flexural strength and 28.14% in interlaminar shear strength. This study proposes an effective strategy for achieving outstanding flame retardancy and mechanical performance, thereby introducing an innovative concept for the production of high‐performance CF reinforced polymer composites.

Highlights

Growth of MnO2 nanoparticles enhanced the mechanical properties of the CF/EP composites.

The CF‐MnO2/EP composites showed excellent flame retardancy.

The flame retardant mechanism of CF‐MnO2/EP composites were analyzed.

Highlight the potential application of MnO2 in the field of flame retardancy.
Structural analysis of variable‐stiffness composite tubes produced by filament winding under radial compression and holes influence
Authors: Gerhardt Eduardo , Tonatto Maikson L. P. , Amico Sandro C.
Published: December 2024

A structural analysis of variable‐stiffness polymer composite tubes, produced by variable‐angle filament winding process, and subjected to radial compression testing is presented. The work methodology involves the comparison between constant‐angle and variable‐angle composite tubes, including transverse holes and stress concentration effects. A numerical procedure, coupling a finite element structural analysis with an optimization algorithm routine, was developed and performed to generate comparative composite tube designs with maximized strain energy. Results showed that for variable‐angle tube design the initial radial stiffness, maximum force, and strain energy, were improved. For the investigated case, the variable‐angle tube design with holes notably presented an initial radial stiffness improvement, 45.4% higher than the constant‐angle tube without holes. Reached an almost full maximum force recovery, only 3% lower than a constant‐angle tube design solution without holes. In addition, it showed a strain energy c.a. 13% better than the constant‐angle design with holes solution. The observed results highlight special features promoted by the variable‐angle manufacturing strategy, which allow the exploitation of different structural behaviors according to specific requirements.

Highlights

Mechanical analysis of variable‐stiffness composite tube with holes under radial compression.

Numerical procedure for composite tube design definition and analysis.

Presents a variable‐angle composite tube manufactured by filament winding.

Mechanical response comparison between constant‐stiffness and variable‐stiffness composite tubes.

Enhancement of structural performance with the proposed composite tube design.
Boron‐Doped Polysilicon Passivating Contacts Achieving a Single‐Sided J0 of 4.0 fA/cm2 Through a Two‐Step Oxidation Process
Authors: Ou Yali , Du Haojiang , Lin Na , Liu Zunke , Liu Wei , Liao Mingdun , Yang Zhenhai , Huang Shihua , Zeng Yuheng , Ye Jichun
Published: December 2024

Tunnel oxide passivating contacts with boron‐doped polysilicon (i.e., p‐type TOPCon) hold substantial potential for application in the devices with higher efficiency, that is, back‐junction (BJ) or all‐back‐contact (BC) solar cells. However, achieving excellent passivation for p‐type TOPCon remains a challenge. In this study, we propose a two‐step oxidation (TSO) method using low‐temperature oxidated silicon oxide (SiOx) with a post‐nitrous oxide/hydrogen plasma (N2O/H2) treatment to prepare high‐quality ultrathin SiOx and achieve highly passivated p‐type TOPCon. Through optimization of plasma treatment pressure and annealing conditions, we achieve excellent passivation and contact properties of double‐sided p‐type TOPCon, with an implied open‐circuit voltage (iVoc) of 740 mV, marking the highest publicly reported value for p‐type TOPCon. Additionally, we achieve a single‐sided saturation recombination current density (J0,s) of 4.0 fA/cm2 and a contact resistivity of 22 mΩ cm2. Semi‐finished back‐junction solar cell incorporating TSO‐SiOx exhibits excellent passivation performance with an iVoc of 744 mV, demonstrating the feasibility of device applications. The two‐step oxidation method proposed in this work enhances the passivation performance of p‐type TOPCon, offering a technique with significant potential for industrial applications in preparing high‐quality p‐type TOPCon.
Population Proteomics: A Tool to Gain Insights Into the Inflamed Periodontium
Authors: Reckelkamm Stefan Lars , Baumeister Sebastian‐Edgar , Hagenfeld Daniel , Alayash Zoheir , Nolde Michael
Published: December 2024

Periodontitis, characterized by inflammatory loss of tooth‐supporting tissues associated with biofilm, is among the most prevalent chronic diseases globally, affecting approximately 50% of the adult population to a moderate extent and cases of severe periodontitis surpassing the one billion mark. Proteomics analyses of blood, serum, and oral fluids have provided valuable insights into the complex processes occurring in the inflamed periodontium. However, until now, proteome analyses have been primarily limited to small groups of diseased versus healthy individuals. The emergence of population‐scale analysis of proteomic data offers opportunities to uncover disease‐associated pathways, identify potential drug targets, and discover biomarkers. In this review, we will explore the applications of proteomics in population‐based studies and discuss the advancements it brings to our understanding of periodontal inflammation. Additionally, we highlight the challenges posed by currently available data and offer perspectives for future applications in periodontal research. This review aims to explain the ongoing efforts in leveraging proteomics for elucidating the complexities of periodontal diseases and paving the way for clinical strategies.
Structural Insights Into the Impact of the Glycine‐Rich Loop Mutation in Noonan Syndrome on the ATP Binding Pocket of CRAF Kinase
Authors: Janati‐Fard Fatemeh , Housaindokht Mohammad R. , Moosavi Fatemeh , Nakhaei‐Rad Saeideh
Published: December 2024

The pathogenic G361A variant of CRAF, associated with increased intrinsic kinase activity in Noonan syndrome (NS), remains poorly understood in terms of its molecular and structural impact on kinase activity. To elucidate the mechanistic implications of the glycine to alanine substitution at residue 361 in CRAF, we employed molecular dynamics simulations. Our findings reveal that this mutation predominantly affects the ATP binding pocket and critical intermolecular interactions within the active cleft that favors the phosphate transfer reaction. Notably, our data highlight significant alterations in key interactions involving Lys470/Asp486 and ATP.Mg2+ in CRAFG361A that are absent in wild‐type CRAF. Additionally, we identified a novel interaction mode between Lys431 and γ‐phosphate in wild‐type CRAF, a residue evolutionarily conserved in CRAFs but not in related kinases such as BRAF, ARAF, and KSR1/2. Furthermore, observed shifts in the αC‐helix and G‐loop relative to the wild‐type correlate with an enlarged ATP‐binding cavity in the mutant, reflecting structural adaptations due to these mutations. Overall, these structural insights underscore the elevated intrinsic kinase activity of the CRAFG361A variant and provide crucial mechanistic details that could inform the development of specific inhibitors targeting this variant.
Atomistic Study on the Mechanical Behaviors of Nanoporous Glassy Alloys under Shear Loading: Effects of Porosity and Specific Surface Area
Authors: Zhang Yuhang , Ding Suhang , Zhou Hongjian
Published: December 2024

Nanoporous glassy alloys (NPGAs) have recently garnered considerable interest across various disciplines due to their exceptional and tailored functional properties. The practical applications of NPGAs necessitate a deep understanding of their mechanical behaviors under various types of loads, yet research on their mechanical responses under shear loading remains insufficient. Herein, the mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of representative Cu50Zr50 NPGA under shear loading are investigated through molecular dynamics simulations. The results demonstrate that the relationship between the shear modulus and the solid fraction of NPGA can be well described by a modified Gibson–Ashby scaling law . The shear yield strength is linearly proportional to the solid fraction. During shear deformation, two major cracks are triggered from the two free surfaces due to the drastic strain concentration. The two cracks then propagate along the loading direction with some deflections. Eventually, the NPGA sample fractures once one crack penetrates the sample entirely. The sensitivity of shear strength to strain rate is significantly lower than the sensitivity of tensile strength to strain rate. As the temperature increases, the shear modulus, shear yield strength, and ultimate shear strength decrease monotonically.
Study on the Preparation of Hollow Silica Nanospheres and Their Heat Retention and Hydrophobicity in Paperboard Coatings
Authors: Fang Yingdawei , Chen Jinghua , Lin Chenlu , Sun Haolin , Chen Yuheng
Published: December 2024

This study developed hydrophobic hollow silica nanospheres and incorporated them into bio‐based coatings. These coatings were subsequently applied to the surface of E‐flute corrugated paperboard to create functional paperboard suitable for food heat retention packaging. Hollow silica nanospheres with a diameter of approximately 350 nm were prepared using a selective etching method, with methyl groups grafted onto their surface to impart hydrophobicity. An in‐depth performance analysis was then conducted to assess their microstructure, surface groups and specific surface area characteristics. To explore the effects of hydrophobic hollow silica nanospheres on paper‐based materials, they were incorporated into bio‐based coatings and applied to paper substrates. When the thickness of the CGDM coating (the bio‐based coating containing hydrophobic hollow silica nanospheres) was 10 μm, the water contact angle of the functional paperboard was measured to be 132.8°, indicating that the coating surface exhibited hydrophobicity. A thermal conductivity analysis of samples with varying coating thicknesses and compositions revealed that increasing the coating thickness helped reduce the thermal conductivity of paper‐based materials. Among the samples, CGDM@P (the bio‐based coated functional paperboard containing hydrophobic hollow silica nanospheres) demonstrated optimal heat retention performance across different coating thicknesses. The hydrophobic hollow silica nanospheres developed in this study address the limitations of paper‐based materials in terms of heat retention and hydrophobicity, thereby enhancing their potential for use in food packaging applications.
The Site of Protonation Affects the Dissociation of Protonated α‐ and β‐Pinene Ions
Authors: Buenger Edgar White , Mayer Paul M.
Published: December 2024

Rationale

In electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, the protonation site directly guides the ion's dissociation. But what if the site of protonation is ambiguous? In this study, we explored the unimolecular reactions of protonated α‐ and β‐pinene ions with a combination of tandem mass spectrometry and theory. Each has multiple potential protonation sites that influence their chemistry.

Methods

Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization was employed to form the protonated pinene isomers. The unimolecular chemistry of these ions was explored with a Waters Ultima triple‐quadrupole mass spectrometer using energy‐resolved collision‐induced dissociation with argon collision gas. Reaction mechanisms were calculated with CBS‐QB3 single‐point energy calculations on B3LYP/6‐311+G(d,p) optimized structures.

Results

The two main dissociation reactions in each ion lead to the loss of neutral propene and isobutene. Both ions were found to dissociate over the same minimum energy reaction pathway, the only difference being the site of initial protonation. α‐Pinene preferentially protonates at the bridging carbon, while β‐pinene can only significantly protonate at the exocyclic double bond. This leads to a lower appearance energy for loss of isobutene, and thus relatively greater m/z 81 fragment ion abundance for β‐pinene.

Conclusions

The distinct sites of initial protonation result in the subtle differences observed in the CID of α‐ and β‐pinene. The work highlights that it is not necessarily the “lowest energy” ion that will be formed in the ion source, and any distribution of initial structures must be accounted for when examining CID mass spectra.
Flexible Linker Spacer Length Modulation in Cd‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks: Impact on Polarity and Sequestration Abilities
Authors: Bhambri Himanshi , Gogia Alisha , Mandal Sanjay K.
Published: December 2024

The heightening concerns over an outbreak of hazardous radioiodine from nuclear waste and carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels have restricted access to clean water and air. In this work, three Cd‐MOFs (1‐3) are self‐assembled under environment‐friendly conditions using i) a polypyridyl linker spanned by a flexible poly(methylene) spacer, and ii) a bent dicarboxylate linker. With a change in the length of the flexible methylene spacer, the dimensionality of the MOFs is tuned between 3D (1) and 2D (2 and 3). The microscopic images reveal that 1 displays larger particle sizes and a more pronounced morphology compared to 2 and 3. These MOFs show high thermal stability (up to 300 °C) and wettability. A controlled polar feature of 1‐3 is utilized to achieve a high uptake capacity of iodine (I2 or I3−) from water bodies (2.46–2.37 g g−1) and vapor (3.31–2.65 g g−1). With remarkable CO2 uptake by 1‐3, the sorbate CO2 is further fixated into market‐value products in quantitative conversions and atom economy under room temperature and solvent‐free conditions. A comprehensive theoretical support is provided by configurational biased Monte Carlo (CBMC) simulations to reveal the exact locale and binding energies of the sorbates (I2, CO2, and epoxide) toward these MOFs.
Synchronous Regulation of Ferroelectric and Spin Polarization for High‐Efficiency Photocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Xiong Renzhi , Liu Fangde , Sun Yiting , Wu Yuhao , Xiao Yanhe , Cheng Baochang , Lei Shuijin
Published: December 2024

Enhancing the ferroelectric polarization field and tuning the electron spin polarization as novel approaches to improve photocatalytic performance have sparked considerable research interest. Obviously, a straightforward strategy to simultaneously regulate ferroelectric and spin polarization will have a very attractive application prospect. In this study, a series of Bi4NbO8Cl‐Ni photocatalysts are synthesized by doping different concentrations of magnetic element Ni into ferroelectric semiconductor Bi4NbO8Cl. Due to the significant difference in atomic radius, Ni doping induces greater structural distortion and enhances the deviation of positive and negative charge centers in the crystal, thereby resulting in a stronger ferroelectric polarization field. Moreover, spin polarization is induced in the electrons, and photogenerated carriers exhibit higher spatial separation efficiency under magnetic field. Thanks to the synchronous regulation of ferroelectric and spin polarization by Ni doping, the average rates of H2 and O2 production from photocatalytic water splitting over Bi4NbO8Cl‐Ni under visible light are 342.6 and 207.1 µmol g−1 h−1, respectively, which are 10.6 and 2.7 times those of pure Bi4NbO8Cl. Notably, under an applied magnetic field of 300 mT, the average production rates are further promoted up to 616.7 and 331.4 µmol g−1 h−1. This study offers a novel strategy to significantly improve photocatalytic performance.
Toward Understanding Temperature and Bias Instabilities of Anti‐ambipolar Transistors via Low‐Frequency Noise Spectroscopy
Authors: Song Jaechan , Han Youngmin , Koo Ryun‐Han , Seo Junghye , Yoo Hocheon , Shin Wonjun
Published: December 2024

Anti‐ambipolar transistors (AATs) featuring heterojunctions of n‐ and p‐type semiconductors have garnered significant research interest owing to their unique electrical characteristics. With the nonlinear current response, AATs hold great promise for a wide range of next‐generation electronic applications, further enhancing advanced logic and in‐memory computing functionality. However, the seamless integration of AATs into these applications hinges upon addressing their susceptibility to temperature and bias instabilities, a challenge that has yet to be systematically explored. Here, the origin of these instabilities is reported in AATs composed of indium‐gallium‐zinc oxide (IGZO) and dinaphtho[2,3‐b:2′,3′‐fjthieno[3,2‐b]thiophene (DNTT) through low‐frequency noise (LFN) spectroscopy. The findings reveal that the AATs exhibit a notable reduction in peak current with temperature instability and an abrupt decrease in drain current under applied DC bias. It is examined that these instabilities stem from defect‐related carrier transport mechanisms at the n/p heterojunction, evidenced by the observation of 1/f 4 noise. Furthermore, a comprehensive comparative analysis is provided of 1/f 4 noise behavior with and without the insertion of an insulative layer of AAT. This provides the microscopic origin of how the LFN generation mechanism changes the defect‐related carrier conduction at the interface and mitigates the bias and temperature instabilities.
Factors influencing the nature of client complaint behaviour in the aftermath of adverse events
Authors: Gibson Julie , White Kate , Mossop Liz , Brennan Marnie L.
Published: December 2024

Background

Negative veterinary client complaint behaviour poses wellbeing and reputational risks. Adverse events are one source of complaint. Identifying factors that influence adverse event‐related complaint behaviour is key to mitigating detrimental consequences and harnessing information that can be used to improve service quality, patient safety and business sustainability.

Methods

Interviews were conducted with five veterinary client complainants and five veterinary client mediators. Qualitative content analysis of the transcripts was used to identify categories of capability, opportunity and motivation influencing client behaviour. One category of motivation identified focused on the desired outcomes of complainants. Two hundred and eighty resolved veterinary‒client mediation cases related to adverse events subsequently underwent content analysis to quantify these desired outcomes.

Results

Client complaint behaviour was motivated by clients’ emotional reactions, perceptions and beliefs and desire to achieve an outcome as a result, and was influenced by previous complaint experience, technological ability, self‐confidence and broader organisational and societal factors. Although financial redress was the most commonly identified desired outcome, apology, honesty, accountability and prevention of future events were valued.

Limitations

Small data sets and interpretative analyses limit the generalisability of the findings.

Conclusions

Proactively engaging clients in relation to adverse events is likely to reduce negative complaint behaviour and facilitate veterinary quality improvement.
A Case of Canine Sinonasal Aspergillus fumigatus Infection Associated With Intracranial Extension and Temporal Myositis
Authors: Cox Sarah E. , Cattaneo Giulia , Russell Oliver , McGregor Ombeline , Kortum Andre
Published: December 2024

A 12‐year‐old terrier was referred for investigation of a 4‐month history of coughing, sneezing and nasal discharge. Clinical findings were consistent with sinonasal Aspergillus fumigatus infection with evidence of intracranial extension on computed tomography. Endoscopic debridement followed by topical clotrimazole and systemic antifungal therapy resulted in clinical improvement. Magnetic resonance imaging after 4 weeks showed reduced intracranial disease but demonstrated evidence of temporal myositis. Repeated debridement and topical treatment were performed at 4 and 8 weeks in conjunction with long‐term voriconazole therapy. Further interventions were declined; the dog remains clinically well after 4 months with unilateral nasal discharge. As in human patients, invasive subtypes of sinonasal aspergillosis may also occur in dogs and be associated with poorer response to treatment.