bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ERGENLİK DÖNEMİNDE ÇOCUĞU OLAN TEK EBEVEYNLİ AİLELERİN EĞİTİM İHTİYAÇLARININ BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: Pekmezci Pelin , Öztop Hülya
Published: August 2024

Toplumda sayısı giderek artan tek ebeveynli ailelere ilişkin araştırmalar belirli konu başlıkları altında toplanmaktadır. Bu çalışma tek ebeveynli ailelerin ergen çocuklarıyla iletişim kurma konusunda yaşadıkları sorunları tespit etmek ve sorunlarını giderme konusunda çözüm üretmelerine yardımcı olacak bir eğitim programı içeriği hazırlamak amacıyla planlanmış ve yürütülmüştür. Ankara’da yeterli sayıda tek ebeveynli ailenin olduğu bir ortaokulda gerçekleştirilen çalışmada, gönüllü katılan 40 tek ebeveyne ergen çocuklarıyla yaşadıkları iletişim problemleri ve bu konuda verilecek bir eğitime katılım durumlarına ilişkin görüşleri yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu yoluyla sorulmuştur. Çalışmada içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılarak toplanan veriler gruplandırılmış; ailelerin günlük yaşamda karşılaştıkları sorunlar, ergen çocuklarıyla yaşadıkları iletişim sorunları ve eğitime ilişkin görüşler belli başlıklar altında toplanmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen veriler tek ebeveynli ailelerin günlük yaşantıda ekonomik sıkıntılar, iki ebeveynin sorumluluğunu tek başına yerine getirmeye çalışma ve çalışma koşullarından ötürü çocuklarıyla yeterince zaman geçirememe problemleriyle karşılaştıklarını göstermektedir. Günlük yaşantılarında karşılaştıkları bu problemler ergen çocuklarıyla disiplin problemleri yaşamalarına neden olmaktadır. Tek ebeveynli ailelerin bu konuda yapılabilecek olası bir eğitime katılım durumlarına ilişkin görüşlerinin kadınlarda eşit sayıda olup erkeklerde çoğunlukla negatif olması dikkat çekicidir. Olumlu görüş belirten katılımcıların görüşleri doğrultusunda tek ebeveynli ailelerin çocuklarıyla sağlıklı iletişim kurmaları konusunda hazırlanacak eğitimin içeriğinin ergenlerin gelişim özellikleri ile ilgili tek ebeveynli ailelerde farkındalık yaratma, aile içindeki iletişim, yaşanan sürece ilişkin ortak görüş belirleme ve aralarında yaşadıkları sorunları çözmeye yönelik olması hedeflenmelidir.
COVID-19’UN ÇALIŞMA SERMAYESİ YÖNETİM ETKİNLİĞİNE ETKİSİ: BİST ORMAN ÜRÜNLERI, MOBİLYA, KÂĞIT VE BASIM İŞLETMELERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: Ersen Nadir , Akyüz Kadri Cemil , Akyüz İlker
Published: August 2024

Çalışma sermayesi yönetiminin temel amacı, çalışma sermayesinin aşırı veya yetersiz kullanılabilirliğini önleyecek şekilde tatmin edici düzeyde çalışma sermayesinin sürdürülmesini sağlamak olup, çalışma sermayesinin etkin yönetimi her türlü işletmenin başarısının önkoşuludur. Bu çalışmada, Borsa İstanbul’da işlem gören orman ürünleri, mobilya, kağıt ve basım şirketlerinin çalışma sermayesi yönetiminin etkinliği 2016 ile 2023 yılları arasında analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca, çalışma kapsamındaki yıllar Covid-19 öncesi ve sonrası olarak ayrılarak Covid-19’un çalışma sermayesi yönetim etkinliğine etkisi de araştırılmıştır. İşletmelerin çalışma sermayesi yönetiminin etkinliğini değerlendirmek için Bhattacharya (1997) tarafından önerilen performans indeksi, kullanım indeksi ve verimlilik indeksi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, çalışmada kapsamındaki işletmelerin yılların tamamında birinci çeyreklik dönemlerde çalışma sermayesi etkin bir şekilde yönetimi ve diğer çeyreklik dönemler ile kıyaslandığında ikinci çeyreklik dönemlerde ise işletmelerin büyük bir çoğunluğunun çalışma sermayesini daha başarılı bir şekilde yönettiği bulunmuştur. Covid-19 öncesi ve sonrası işletmelerin ortalama etkinlik değerleri incelendiğinde, işletmelerin tamamının her iki dönemde de etkinlik değerleri 1’in üzerinde çıkmış olup, çalışma sermayesi en başarılı olarak yöneten işletmenin SAMAT işletmesi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Orman endüstri işletmelerinin ortalama etkinlik endeks değerleri incelendiğinde, sektörün en yüksek etkinlik değeri sahip olduğu dönem 2020 yılın üçüncü çeyreği iken, en düşük değere sahip olduğu dönem 2019 yılının birinci çeyreği olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Son olarak, incelenen işletmelerin büyük bir kısmı orman endüstri sektör ortalamasının altında kalmıştır.
Reliability and separation index analysis of mathematics questions integrated with the cultural architecture framework using the Rasch model
Authors: Fitrah Muh , Sofroniou Anastasia , Ofianto  , Judijanto Loso , Widihastuti
Published: August 2024

This research uses Rasch model analysis to identify the reliability and separation index of an integrated mathematics test instrument with a cultural architecture structure in measuring students' mathematical thinking abilities. The study involved 357 students from six eighth-grade public junior high schools in Bima. The selection of schools was based on average school exam scores and considered the effectiveness of the learning process that used cultural settings to explore mathematical content. Data analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel to calculate the content validity of Aiken's index with four experts and the jMetrik software to measure reliability and the separation index. The research results indicate that the mathematics test instrument passed validation by mathematics experts and measurements with a valid content validity level. Rasch model calibration shows a very high level of instrument reliability. Separation analysis on the logit scale indicates the instrument's ability to differentiate students with different ability levels with good homogeneity in the distribution of test items and individual abilities. Scale quality statistics show good item response variability, low error rates and a high separation index. This study has limitations because it focuses solely on multiple-choice questions. Similar research must be conducted using other types of questions (such as those used in PISA, namely open- constructed and closed-constructed questions) and integrating other mathematical materials within relevant cultural architectural structures.
Evaluation of Osteoporosis Risk and Awareness in Women Aged 45 and Over Admitted to a University Hospital
Authors: Tepetaş Mine , Ünsal Alaettin , Kılınç Ali , Sungur Sevda , Akdağ Zehra , Kavlu Erman , Arslantaş Didem
Published: August 2024

Osteoporosis is a metabolic disease that disrupts the microarchitecture of the bone. As life expectancy increases, so does the frequency of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a preventable disease and its progression can be slowed. The aim of this study is to assess the risk and awareness of osteoporosis in women and to investigate the variables thought to be associated with it. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 451 women aged 45 years and older. The Osteoporosis Risk Scale (ORS) and the Osteoporosis Awareness Scale (OAS) were used in this study. The study group consisted of women aged 45 to 85 years, with an average age of 57.8 ± 9.3 years. In this study, 402 women were found to be at risk for osteoporosis. The women's ORS scores ranged from 5 to 40, with an average of 19.6 ± 4.2 points. OAS scores ranged from 27 to 107, with an average of 57.7 ± 15.0. A weak negative correlation was found between ORS scores and OAS scores. This study found that 89.1% of women were at risk for osteoporosis. Women who were not obese, were not taking medication for osteoporosis in postmenopause and did not have a medically diagnosed bone disease had a higher risk of osteoporosis. Women's awareness of osteoporosis was moderate. Any educational movement to protect against osteoporosis, a preventable disease, will protect society from osteoporosis by empowering individuals to recognize their own risk factors and take steps to reduce them.
Meşrutiyet Dönemi Osmanlı Ordusunda Emir Komuta Zincirinde Yaşanan Aksaklıklar
Authors: Karaman Mehmet Ali , Kündeyi Mustafa Abdullah
Published: August 2024

İnsanlık, tarih boyunca gelişme eğiliminde olmuş, bu süreç dahilinde başta dil ve din olmak üzere çeşitli unsurlar etrafında birleşmiştir. İnsanlığın gerek millet gerekse kişisel olarak farklı düşüncelere sahip olmaları onların birbirleriyle çatışmasına, bazen de savaşmasına sebep olmuştur. Bunun temel nedenleri arasında toplumsal ya da bireysel çıkarlar yatmaktadır. Fertlerin görüş ayrılığı meselesi daha ziyade modern yaşamla birlikte gelişen ve özgürlük/hürriyet prensipleriyle açığa çıkan bir söylem olsa da tarihin her döneminde rastlanılan bir olgudur. Osmanlı coğrafyasında da benzer durumlar yaşanmıştır. Alınan tedbirler de dünyadakilerle benzerlik göstermiş, öyle ki; saray otoritesine muhalefet edenler zaman zaman idam edilmek suretiyle cezalandırılmışlardır.

XIX. yüzyıla gelindiğinde ise değişen dünya düzeninde ortaya çıkan fikir akımları, çok uluslu yapısıyla dikkat çeken Osmanlı Devleti’nde de oldukça etkili bir süreç yaşanmasına sebep olmuştur. Özellikle bu yüzyılın sonunda kendisini fazlasıyla hissettiren ve Batı ekseninde gelişen milliyetçi merkezli fikir akımları, devletin bütün kurumlarında çeşitli çatışmaların yaşanmasına etkisi olmuştur. Bu çalışmada Osmanlı Devleti’nin özellikle son yüzyılında ordu içerisinde yaşadığı siyasi fikir ayrılıklarının emir komutaya ve askeri düzene etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışma, başta Osmanlı arşiv vesikaları, dönemin basın yayın organları ve hatıralar etrafında ele alınmıştır.
Predictors Associated with the Need for Open Reduction of Pediatric Supracondylar Humerus Fractures
Authors: Transtrum M. Bryant , Sanchez Diego , Griffith Shauna , Godinez Brianna , Singh Vishwajeet , Klahs Kyle J. , Abdelgawad Amr , Thabet Ahmed M.
Published: August 2024

Background:

Supracondylar humerus (SCH) fractures are some of the most common fractures in pediatric patients with surgery typically consisting of either open or closed reduction with internal fixation. The aim of this meta-analysis was to identify patient, injury, and administrative factors that are associated with treating pediatric SCH fractures with open techniques.

Methods:

Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, PubMed and CINAHL database searches were conducted for studies from 2010 to 2023 that made direct comparisons between open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (CRPP) for treating SCH fractures in the pediatric population. The search terms used were “pediatric” AND “SCH fracture” OR “distal humerus fracture.” Screening, quality assessment, and data extraction were performed by 4 reviewers. After testing for heterogeneity between studies, data were aggregated using random-effects model analysis.

Results:

Forty-nine clinical studies were included in the meta-analysis. Summated, there were 94,415 patients: 11,329 treated with ORIF and 83,086 treated with CRPP. Factors that were significantly associated with greater rates of ORIF included obesity (p = 0.001), Gartland type IV fractures (p < 0.001), general neurological deficits (p = 0.019), and ulnar nerve deficits (p = 0.003). Gartland type II (p = 0.033) and medially displaced fractures (p = 0.011) were significantly associated with lower rates of ORIF. Secondary analysis showed cross-pinning constructs (p = 0.033) and longer hospital stays (p = 0.005) are more likely to be observed in patients undergoing ORIF compared with CRPP.

Conclusion:

This meta-analysis demonstrates that factors such as obesity, fracture displacement, and concomitant nerve deficits are more likely to require ORIF as opposed to CRPP.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III.
Recalcitrant Lateral Epicondylitis
Authors: Kim Jason H. , Hoy John F. , Smith Shelby R. , Sabet Andre , Fernandez John J. , Cohen Mark S. , Wysocki Robert W. , Simcock Xavier C.
Published: August 2024

Background:

Lateral epicondylitis is a common cause of elbow pain that is generally self-limiting. For patients who have persistent symptoms refractory to conservative treatment, there is still no clear consensus on the most favorable treatment modality. The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize the available literature regarding both nonoperative and operative treatment modalities for recalcitrant lateral epicondylitis (RLE) to provide insight into the efficacy of treatment options.

Methods:

A systematic review was performed in accordance with the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines, where the PubMed, MEDLINE/Ovid, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Scopus databases were queried to identify studies evaluating treatment options for RLE.

Results:

A total of 27 studies with 1,958 patients were included. Of the reviewed studies, there were a wide variety of treatments including platelet-rich plasma injections, percutaneous tenotomies, and various arthroscopic and open procedures.

Conclusion:

There are a wide variety of treatment modalities available for RLE that have promising efficacy in the short, medium, and long terms. A comprehensive approach combining evidence-based and patient-centered care is critical for effective management of refractory symptoms.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
101 Online Classroom Strategies Training Playgroup Teachers to Improve Bonding
Authors: Arundaya Thalita Salsabila Yumna , Prameswari Anggita , Dwihastuty Aprilia , Tobing Xylona Pyriell Martua Lumban , Salsabila Faridah Zahirah , Yuniar Adiya Alifa , Rasyida Afinnisa
Published: August 2024

The rise of online teaching is currently being carried out due to a pandemic which results in everyone having to limit interactions, this is aimed at reducing transmission of the coronavirus. Likewise, the existence of online teaching has resulted in the teaching staff, especially playgroup teachers having difficulty making a bonding with their students. They feel limited space and interaction between teachers and students. The existence of this, the researcher conducted a training to increase bonding between teachers and students by providing training in the form of “101 Online Class Strategies” in this training there were 5 teachers involved in this activity. There are 4 female teacher’s and 1 male teacher with the mean pre-test 111.00 and post-test of 115.40.
Keywords: Training, Playgroup, Bounding, Teacher, Pandemic
Hacia una historia del lenguaje inclusivo en español: el caso de sor Juana de la Cruz (1481-1534)
Authors: Fernández Martín Patricia
Published: August 2024

El objetivo del trabajo es mostrar cómo algunas de las estrategias de lenguaje inclusivo que menciona Escandell Vidal (2020) se vienen dando ya desde el siglo XVI en nuestra lengua española, concretamente, en los sermones de la franciscana terciaria sor Juana de la Cruz (1481-1534). Se pretende comprobar si se cumple la siguiente hipótesis: “la predicadora utiliza estrategias que hoy consideraríamos incluidas dentro del políticamente correcto lenguaje inclusivo, cuando siente que necesita romper la ambigüedad del masculino genérico, que a veces refiere a todas las personas y otras veces refiere solo a los hombres”. Para demostrar esta hipótesis, se explica primero con detalle qué es el masculino genérico y qué metodología se sigue en el análisis del sermón seleccionado, esto es, el de Santa María, sacerdote grande. Luego, se procede al estudio detallado de los fenómenos registrados en dicho sermón, entre los que destacan la feminización léxica, los desdoblamientos, los epicenos y los sustantivos colectivos. Los ejemplos demuestran que sor Juana de la Cruz introduce alguna de estas estrategias para deshacer la ambigüedad y permitir una única interpretación de sus palabras. Es, por tanto, una auténtica maestra de la oratoria, que rompe la ambigüedad del masculino genérico siguiendo criterios discursivos que le permiten llevar a cabo con éxito sus intenciones comunicativas. Se confirma, en conclusión, la hipótesis que se pretende demostrar.
MPD Application in HPHT GoM Shallow Wells: Value Through Cost and Risk Reduction in Complex Drilling Projects
Authors: Sandrea Ranses , Granados Cesar , Garcia Gerardo , Lugo Miguel , Cervantes Carlos
Published: August 2024

The Mexican petroleum industry aims to stabilize and increase oil production, through drilling HPHT shallow-water wells. The proposal is to drill with Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) to reduce the projects’ costs and non-productive times (NPT). The proposal involves identifying HPHT wells with narrow windows and severe control fluid loss, a defined geomechanical model, and operational excellence integration. Tests are performed during the execution to calibrate the model in real time. The proactive use of MPD in well P-102 resulted in a significant reduction in control fluid loss and drilling times. The focus on prevention and engineering allowed a profitable execution of HPHT projects, reducing the risks and costs associated, with control fluid loss and NPTs, and maintaining the well integrity under complex conditions.
Spread Rate Forecasting in Well Cost Estimation – A Study of Methods and Applications
Authors: Ounsakul T. , Techanukul T. , Phasook C. , Harke P.
Published: August 2024

In the realm of well cost estimation, the accurate forecasting of spread rates is pivotal, given the substantial financial implications of erroneous assumptions. This paper, "Spread Rate Forecasting in Well Cost Estimation – A Study of Methods and Applications," delves into the uncertainty inherent. Through a thorough examination of predictive methodologies, the research harnesses both econometric and machine learning models, which are commonly utilized in forecasting crude oil prices. The study formulates models based on publicly available data, such as ‘West Texas Intermediate’ (WTI) and the ‘Baker Hughes Rig Count’, to predict the Spread Rate. The empirical results underscore the efficacy of the proposed models, with the predicted spread rates closely mirroring actual figures. Notably, the models’ precision wanes when extending the forecast horizon beyond a year, a limitation accentuated by the unforeseen WTI and Spread Cost fluctuations during the COVID-19 pandemic. A comparative analysis shows the superiority of RNN, LSTM, Bayesian, and OLS models over the ARIMA model, evidenced by lower Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) metrics. The paper advocates for a probabilistic approach to navigate the uncertainties prevalent in long-term forecasting endeavors.
Impact of Thermal Interference in an Offshore HPHT Gas Field Development
Authors: Bandyopadhyay P. , Nopsiri N. , Hong O. S. , Grant CW Graham , Wejwittayaklung K. , Phasook C. , Sharbudeen S. , Malek A. B. Ab , Sathuvalli U. B. , Suryanarayana S. , Lewis D.
Published: August 2024

Field-X is a large greenfield high pressure high temperature (HPHT) carbonate development located off the coast of Sarawak, offshore Malaysia. The current development plan requires each of the wellhead platforms (WHP) to have multiple high-rate gas wells to meet the Daily Contract Quality (DCQ) requirements. When closely spaced wells produce simultaneously, they can perturb the local geothermal temperature profile, and affect the thermal response of individual wells. This can also impact the platform pile and conductor strengths, and infill well designs. This paper outlines a technique to evaluate formation temperature shifts when closely spaced wells are produced concurrently and apply that to validate the design basis for the new development.

The approach used here is based on an integral formulation of the heat conduction equation, employing Green’s functions and a fast numerical solution method. Prior to thermal interference, a wellbore is considered a flux-limited (Neumann) source, while post-interference, it functions as a constant temperature (Dirichlet) heat source. This method calculates the time needed for interference among wells arranged in a grid layout and determines the temperature at any point in the formation over time.

For computational reasons, commercial wellbore simulators assume a far field boundary at a distance 10 – 15 wellbore radii from the axis. All points outside this boundary are assumed to remain at the undisturbed temperature. This assumption must be relaxed to when there is thermal interference. Traditionally, finite element methods have been used for these calculations. This paper demonstrates a semi-analytical method that is simpler to develop and does not require additional software or hardware. The method can be used for other fields with similar nature of wells.
Underreaming While Drilling Excellence: A Success Story of Asia’s Longest Two Consecutive Hole Opening Sections in a Deviated Well with Single Run Strategy
Authors: Najmi N. F. N, M. , Ong G. S. H. , Ho A , Udin R. , Vattanapornpirom K. , Yunus M. Y. , Hamdan M. K. , Siriwattanakajorn W. , Chaiyo P. , Saengsrichun M. , Mason J. H. , Ravendrnathan K. , Nor H. Mohd , Vi L. N. , Baharudin A. S. , Ser Y. J. , Lim J. M. , Hwong S. L. , Wicaksana D. A.
Published: August 2024

Back in 2020, a High-Pressure High-Temperature (HPHT) and high CO2/H2S carbonate appraisal well was drilled to remove subsurface uncertainties and to support the future development drilling campaign. The well architecture necessitated the inclusion of two consecutive hole opening sections to ensure optimum casing shoe placements. Along with the demand for long section intervals, the presence of problematic interbedded formation compounded by thick hard stringers added to the challenge for the underreaming operations where cutters durability need to be preserved. High shocks and vibration, Measurement While Drilling (MWD) lost signal, low Rate of Penetration (ROP), and Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) twist-off were among the challenges and risks that were encountered and led to significant Non-Productive Time (NPT).

A final appraisal well for this block was drilled in 2023 which is more challenging due to the deviated well profile. Re-evaluating the lessons learnt from the previous experience, the engineering team from multiple drilling disciplines among the operator and contractor worked closely together to investigate and identify all potential weak points in the planning stage. The aim is to reach Total Depth (TD) for both hole opening sections in a single-run strategy.

A physics-based finite element modeling was conducted to study the drilling dynamics of the drilling operation involving bit selections, BHA design optimization, and drilling parameter sensitivity. A much wider range of worst-case scenario modeling was conducted in terms of lithology exposure, and several key technical recommendations were examined and prepared thoroughly to ensure all drilling objectives can be achieved. This extensive collaboration resulted in a comprehensive road map for offshore team to follow through including the contingency scenarios with the close support from engineering team in town.

As a result, both 18-1/8in × 19-1/2in and 14-3/4in × 16-1/2in hole opening sections were drilled successfully with an impressive multiple rig-days saving against planned duration collectively. The combined 2,213m depth interval from the two consecutive sections puts this remarkable achievement in the record book as the longest hole opening operations in Asia.

This paper will share the experience of the complete engineering cycle from the pre-job well construction planning, drilling dynamics modeling and analysis, drilling parameters execution, also capturing key lessons learnt from the operation and recommendations for similar hole opening application in the future.
First Implementation of Self-Degradable Lost Circulation Control Fiber Spacer in High Temperature Slim-Hole Monobore Thailand Offshore Wells
Authors: Thanasarnpisut V. , Duong A. , Tangcharoen N. , Rajaneekornkrilas V. , Wongsarnpigoon N.
Published: August 2024

Lost circulation while cementing is always one of the main causes of poor zonal isolation and well integrity problems which can lead to costly consequences such as reduced safety, corrosion, sustained casing pressure, formation damage, loss of production rate, costly remedial operations and loss of an oil or gas well. Lost circulation usually occurred in vugular or cavernous formations and high permeability zones. However most frequently, the zones are depleted, highly fractured (induced or natural), or loosely consolidated that are hydraulically parted at relatively low hydrostatic pressures.

In Gulf of Thailand (GoT), the field is characterized by shallow-water wells with ultra-high temperature (UHT) gas reservoirs with low fracture gradients, ballooning, and depleted formations. Lost circulation poses the main challenge while drilling and impacts the success of cementing operations. Historically, lost circulation usually occurs while drilling and/or cementing in the reservoir section. When Lost Circulation Materials (LCM) are utilized for curing losses in reservoir sections, it is desirable that the LCM maintain its stability for sufficient time to allow well completion but eventually self-degrade to leave undamaged formation prior putting the well into production. This paper will describe the successful implementation of an engineered self-Degradable Lost-Circulation Fiber Spacer (DFS) system which has been developed to address lost circulation situations while cementing in naturally fractured reservoirs. Two field case histories from numerous jobs will be discussed with cement post-job evaluation via playback simulations to validate the concept of innovative technology.
TTSS Retrieval via Coil Tubing Deployment Method in Sarawak Waters
Authors: Yap Y. H. , Chua H. L. , Mokhtar M. K. , Choi Y. X. , Haslan M. H. , Isik F. S. , Dasan L. M. , Nicholas F. K. H.
Published: August 2024

This paper delves into the operational hurdles encountered during coil tubing operations within a specific field in Sarawak, Malaysia. Focused primarily on the sand clean-out process and the challenge of retrieving a lengthy Through-Tubing Sand Screen (TTSS), this paper presents practical solution through the utilization of the coil tubing deployment method. This paper comprehensively outlines the operational techniques used by the project team during the coil tubing sand clean-out operation and the TTSS retrieval via coil tubing deployment. The project design process, involving evaluation of methods and equipment suitable for this operation, is also discussed in this paper. The success of this project proves that a combination of efficient choices, with the utilization of coiled tubing for cleanout, and collaborative work between coiled tubing and other service providers for the TTSS retrieval, can be implemented for retrieval of lengthy downhole accessories.

Sand production has become one of the most difficult challenges for mature oil fields, adversely affecting well deliverability and potentially contributing to well shut-in and surface equipment failure. Offshore facilities are not typically designed to handle sand long-term, resulting in well closures when sand production becomes excessive. Various efforts can be implemented to enhance the sand handling capacity or minimize sand exposure to surface, among them is by installing a Through-Tubing sand screen (TTSS). TTSS is easy to install, and its low-cost wireline operation makes it one of the preferred choices to address sand issues. This method, however, requires periodic maintenance and replacement to remain efficient. Excessive sand production caused by failures in both primary and remedial sand control measures eventually leads to the accumulation of sand within the production tubing.

A longer TTSS can be installed to increase the longevity and durability of the TTSS. However, installation of long accessories also presents a retrieval challenge. One solution as presented in this paper is to utilize the coil tubing to provide efficient cleaning of debris above the TTSS and sufficient jarring force to release TTSS from tubing. The retrieval of TTSS on surface, however, is limited by the stackup length afforded on surface to allow proper securing of well prior to retrieval. This challenge is overcome by implementing coiled tubing deployment method to secure TTSS on surface into coiled tubing stackup, isolate well from surface safely, and handing over to wireline for the full retrieval of tool above wellhead. The overall workflow of this project allows for the successful retrieval of the TTSS to surface and can be considered in mind when designing the installation and/or retrieval of other lengthy toolstring/downhole completions.
The First Coiled-Tubing-Conveyed Long Propellant Sleeved Perforation Gun in Highly Deviated Wells – Well Performance
Authors: Khong C. K. , Bukhari S. , Ng A. , Ismail W. A. W. , Vierkandt S. , Halik M. I. A. , Yusoff S. , Shergill S. S. , Noor A. A. M. , Hidzir H. S. , Yong N. , Anuar K. K. , Choi Y. X.
Published: August 2024

In the quest to exploit behind-pipe opportunities, production from shallow low-permeability reservoirs were evaluated using propellant perforating technology. Initial development of this field was primarily focused on maximizing gas recovery by only targeting economical pay zones, while marginal intervals were not considered as opportunities. Hydraulic fracturing of low-permeability sand requires formation of sufficient thickness and with underlying or overlying water zones at a distance and stress-barriered sufficiently to not be fractured into.

A workflow developed to compare predicted performance of standard to propellant perforation indicated that production enhancement from these lower quality intervals is feasible. Additionally, if properly designed, the utilization of coil tubing to convey long propellant-guns in highly deviated wells in one descent, if possible, would minimize intervention costs.

Following these parameters, low-permeability zones in two, high-deviation, wells were safely and successfully perforated using coil deployed propellant guns. The perforated and propellant stimulated zones produce at a higher rate than a previously attempted cased hole perforated unstimulated completion. Evaluation of actual well production is comparable to the pre-job modeled performance and confirmed that there is a benefit in using propellant stimulation for the tested formation. A long horizontal well to be perforated using propellant guns is being planned as a scale up to the first successful pilot test.
Formulation and Evaluation of Novel Fully Bio-Based Drilling Fluid with Strong Inhibition and Temperature-Enhanced Plugging Properties
Authors: Lei Ming , Zhu Haiyan , Sun Jinsheng , Huang Weian
Published: August 2024

The increasingly severe wellbore instability problem of unconventional hydrocarbon resources (such as tight oil/gas and shale oil/gas) and the intensified environmental requirements necessitate the development of environmentally friendly drilling fluids with strong anti-collapse performance.

Herein, a fully bio-based drilling fluid (Pure-Bio system) was formulated from self-developed chitosan-derived shale inhibitor (CMCS), carboxymethyl chitosan-derived thermal-responsive plugging agent (GCOA), rosin-derived nanocomposite plugging agent (PDSA) and optimized thickener of scleroglucan (SCG) and filtrate loss reducer of low-viscosity polyanionic cellulose (PAC-LV). The environmental performance of the Pure-Bio system was determined by biotoxicity and biodegradability evaluations. The engineering performance, including the rheological, filtration, lubrication, and particularly the inhibition and microporous plugging properties, was comprehensively investigated, and the synergistic effects among different additives were analyzed.

The results showed that the Pure-Bio system is non-toxic and readily biodegradable with an acute toxicity index of median effective concentration (EC50) for photobacteria above 4 × (105 mg/L and a biodegradability index of the ratio between biological oxygen demand (BOD5) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) over 0.26. Additionally, the Pure-Bio system possesses the rheological characteristics of low plastic viscosity while a high yield point and the effective filtration control ability at both API and HTHP conditions, which can withstand a high temperature over 140°C and contamination by NaCl (10%) and CaCl2 (0.5%). Meanwhile, Pure-Bio shows a significantly reduced extreme pressure lubrication coefficient below 0.1. More importantly, Pure-Bio has strong inhibition performance, reflecting a low clay linear swelling rate and a high shale hot-rolling recovery rate. Also, Pure-Bio exhibits a temperature-enhanced plugging property owing to the synergy of thermal-responsive GCOA and temperature-sensitive deformable PDSA, significantly enhancing the adaptive nano-microporous plugging performance for filter membranes and natural cores at elevated temperatures.

Taking advantage of its features, the environmentally acceptable Pure-Bio system has the potential to serve as a promising and innovative anti-collapse drilling fluid with strong inhibition and temperature-sensitive intelligent plugging characteristics for practical drilling applications in unconventional oil/gas fields.
Optimum Space Throughput for Rate of Penetration in Realtime
Authors: Samuel Robello , Kumar Kiran , Nakhle Amol
Published: August 2024

Over the years, the industry has come across a variety of drilling optimization techniques. One of the advantages of optimization, its inherent mathematical accuracy, is also considered a disadvantage because the downhole conditions are unknown and uncertain. As a result, models based on traditional mathematics have inaccurate optimal drilling parameters and can become unusable, especially in real-time due to non-convergence deadlocks, making them impractical for real-time use. To address this issue, this paper proposes an opto-satisficed time-optimal batch methodology is proposed that brackets the feasible solution space using various engineering models. The various engineering and data science models are connected in the form of microservices and can be called as many times as needed during optimization. To curb conservatism, the model is enhanced with dynamic constraints to ensure optimality. Additional limits can be calculated for each discretized subinterval. Taking into account bit wear and vibration, the optimum penetration rate limit is calculated when drilling the well at the specified intervals. It is assumed that the bit wears continuously with each drilling interval and the amount of wear depends on uncontrolled and uncertain parameters such as formation, anisotropy and slope. Note that it is the combination of optimization, satisfaction, and sufficient conditions that makes the drilling operation parameters optimal. Analysis results show that convergence of optimum bound space is very quickly bracketed for optimal drilling parameters in real-time, with predictability in test wells showing best solution results under uncertainty. We also found that the results provided a reasonable threshold if more data were used in well drilling. Results show that as long as the rig is within the operating range, the operating parameters are satisfactory and sufficient to produce the desired results. In other words, almost normal technical solutions are achieved. In this methodology, we found that operating conditions can be adjusted by combining theoretical engineering models with real-time measurements. We use real results from multiple wells to demonstrate the efficiency of this method compared to conventional well optimization algorithms. The study presents comprehensive results including various examples using operating parameters derived while drilling a well in real time to the satisfaction of drilling engineers.
Improving Reliability of Rig Crew in Handling Kick Emergency Situations through Dummy Well
Authors: Ajiguno Tito , Wibowo Michael Aji , Mestika Kukuh Gumilar , Rahmawan Tito , Marjuki _ , Sakti Revie Wijaya , Prananda Sandre , Allo Albert Taruk
Published: August 2024

Drilling and Well Intervention job safety aspects need to be prioritized as one of the main Key Performance Indicators to maintain production continuity and achieve yearly targets. The main hazard in these works is blowout. To anticipate blowout, a Primary Barrier and Secondary Barrier are needed. However, in abnormal conditions, the barriers cannot work properly; thus, a kick occurs. When a kick occurs, there is a golden period of countermeasures so that the potential for a blowout does not escalate further. One of the most important stages is the duration of installing Full Opening Safety Valve. Humans can only do this stage; thus, personnel alertness will be the most important barrier in protecting the well when the well condition is underbalanced.

The installation of a Full Opening Safety Valve is intricately linked to the physical competence of Rig personnel. To enhance this competence, a training facility is indispensable. This facility, known as the Dummy Well, is an artificial well comprising a pumping system and a piping system equipped with a nozzle. It serves to simulate real kick bursts, thereby honing the skills of the personnel and boosting their confidence in dealing with such situations.

The efficacy of the kick simulation training in the dummy well is evident in the significant reduction in the duration of Full Opening Safety Valve installation by Rig personnel. This training, conducted repeatedly, has yielded impressive results. On average, after seven training sessions, the duration of FOSV installation was reduced to 40 seconds, a staggering 91% decrease compared to the initial condition. Moreover, this training has not only improved the efficiency of the personnel but also bolstered their confidence in handling emergency conditions, a qualitative measure of success.

Dummy Well is the first kick drill training facility in Indonesia. It can increase the reliability of the blowout prevention barrier through human power so that it can anticipate the occurrence of larger catastrophic disasters and maintain production continuity. No matter Whether Rig operations are on a large or small scale, blowout is a major risk that is common in upstream oil and gas business processes.
Cemented Multi-Stage Fracturing Systems Enhancing Risk Mitigation and Time Efficiency – A Game-Changing Alternative to Open Hole MSF and Cemented Liners
Authors: Agarwal Rohit , Essmat Nooruldeen Zeyad , Paz Daniel , Alismail Ahmed , Lopez Gustavo , Diaz Leonardo , Levario Jesus Alvidrez , Corona Mauricio
Published: August 2024

Deployment of Open Hole Multistage Fracturing (OH MSF) completion system in long horizontal wells has always been a daunting task, and often presents high risk of getting stuck in open hole due to complex completion design with very stiff assemblies that include multiple large OD – hydraulic set open hole packers. This paper introduces a novel technology called Cemented MSF, which addresses the deployment risks associated with conventional OH MSF and cemented liner. Notably, this technology eliminates the need for time-consuming coil tubing operations for plug-and-perf (in cemented liner), thereby avoiding production delays.

The paper examines the major bottleneck in deployment of OH MSF, a very stiff completion string, which is particularly influenced by the number of stages/ open hole packers, elevating the risk of equipment getting stuck in the open hole due to ledges and washout created while drilling the reservoir. Consequently, there is a constant trade-off between maximizing deployment chances and minimizing the risk of getting stuck by reducing the number of stages. However, this trade-off comes at the expense of production efficiency.

Cemented MSF is a hybrid integrated system that provides all the production benefits of OH MSF with significantly reduced deployment risk. In this novel solution, OH packers are eliminated, and the completion is run in a similar process like a cemented liner. The cemented MSF lower completions were successfully implemented in a long horizontal well with > 6,000 ft of reservoir contact. While drilling the lateral section, this system enables greater degree of directional flexibility and navigation control as compared to conventional OH MSFs, which have very strict limitations for dogleg and inclination citing risk of deployment complexities with the stiff completions string. Having no OH packers eliminate the need to record open hole logs for packer’s placement and further eliminates the need for a simulation run (Dummy Run) to simulate actual completion string stiffness, resulting in a direct savings of minimum six-days. Furthermore, to ensure that the frac ports are not activated prematurely, a fit for purpose cementing program was developed using precise volume and hydraulic displacement calculations and optimum shoe track length. Among the unique features of this system is its ability to run maximum possible stages, ensuring that productions will not be compromised. At the end of completion phase, the frac Ports can be activated by dropping balls just like a conventional OH MSF system and get the well for production.

The paper outlines essential design considerations, checkpoints, an execution phase roadmap, and potential contingencies related to the deployment of the Cemented MSF technology.
Pushing the Boundaries – Optimizing for Riserless Intervention Deepwater GOM
Authors: Sharma V. , Kennedy L. , Balaster P.
Published: August 2024

Light well intervention (LWI) techniques have become increasingly vital in maintaining and optimizing production efficiency in deepwater oil and gas wells. This paper provides a review of recent advancements in LWI technologies, with a particular emphasis on their application in deepwater and sub ambient environments.

The growth of riserless intervention in GOM and push of application beyond current boundaries of operational experience provides- Further growth of well stock feasible to benefit for Riserless Intervention (RLWI).

Furthermore, the widening application of LWI techniques beyond current operational boundaries indicate a maturation and adaptability of the technology to meet evolving industry demand.
Timely Sealant Intervention Yields Bi-Directional Seal and Facilitates Completion Program Continuance
Authors: Burgess A. T. , Johns J. , Raborn C.
Published: August 2024

The subject well had successfully been drilled and was transitioning into the completion phase when a leak was observed in the 9 7/8" production casing. Diagnostics located the leak at 15,329 ft MD, just below the liner hanger. Due to the leak, the operator was unable to obtain the required casing tests to continue their completion program. The initial remediation attempt was a 100 bbl cement squeeze, during which injection rates ranged from 2 BPM @ 1740 psi to 4 BPM @ 2780 psi. Following the squeeze, the casing was tested to 4600 psi, and pressure dropped at a rate of 50 psi/minute. The liquid leak rate averaged 11.4 GPM across varying pressures. Given regulatory and operational constraints, along with a spread cost exceeding $1 MM daily, the operator was left with few options and little time to determine a forward path for the well.

A composite bridge plug was set below the suspected leak site with the workstring across the leak depth. Next, a pressure-activated sealant pill was blended and pumped down the 5" drill pipe and up the annulus with an HEC spacer on both sides. This sealant pill was composed of 4 separate blends, which were layered to promote optimal penetration. The annulus was then pressured up via the kill line until forming an initial seal around 1,500 psi. Once establishing an initial seal, a brief curing period was allowed before continuing to increase pressure in 500 psi increments up to the final pressure of 4600 psi. The sealant was held at this pressure for 2 hours to strengthen before performing 3 pressure cycles to stress and further strengthen the seal. A final 24-hour cure period then followed.

After a successful curing period, clean mud was circulated into the well followed by base oil to create an underbalance in the pipe for a 30-minute negative test. This test confirmed that a bidirectional seal had been achieved. The composite bridge plug was subsequently drilled out and the entire wellbore was tested to 4600 psi. After meeting all regulatory requirements, the operator continued with the completion scope. After perforating the zone and installing the gravel pack assembly, the leak site was permanently isolated with the installation of an isolation packer assembly.

Based on the constraints described above, alternatives considered included specialized cement blends, which were not immediately available, or a sidetrack operation. Due to the flexibility inherent to an in-situ pressure-activated sealant repair, technicians and sealant were able to be mobilized to the drillship within 24 hours. Additionally, the linear leak characteristics observed were well suited for a pressure activated sealant repair. In comparison to the alternative sidetrack option, the sealant treatment yielded major economic, operational, and HSE advantages.
Structural Damage Detection in Steel Frame Using ANFIS
Authors: V Amruthavarshini , Siddesha H
Published: August 2024

Damage to various structural elements of a structure will cause the structure to deteriorate and ultimately cause its complete failure. It is important to detect such damages in the initial stage. There are many methods that have proved to be effective in detecting the damages using natural frequencies and mode shapes. Artificial Intelligence technique is an efficient method for detecting structural damages. In this study, an attempt was made to find the best ANFIS model to detect the single and multiple damages caused due to the reduction in modulus of elasticity within the frame. Various membership functions are used to predict the accurate ANFIS model. The Gaussian membership function has proved to be the most accurate ANFIS model which has generated almost similar to the same natural frequencies with coefficient of determination (R2) close to 1. This allows ANFIS to be used effectively to predict damage in the framed structure.