bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decriminalisation of Cannabis
Authors:   BA, LLB (hons) from Rajiv Gandhi National University of Law, Patiala, LLM from National University of Law, Delhi, India, Verma Chinki
Published: September 2021

The article intends to examine, with the help of doctrinal method, the utility of India’s strict penal policies against cannabis in the light of various contemporary issues. India Criminalized cannabis under Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 pursuant it’s international commitment as a signatory to three United Nation’s drug conventions. The primary objective behind criminalization was to reduce the incidences of drug abuse. But the experience from the past few decades has been that such law is producing more harm than it actually prevents. Criminalization of cannabis not only violates individual’s right to autonomy and self determination but also creates numerous other issues like increasing the incidences of incarceration, economic stress on the legal system, hindrance to medical research, etc.
Does Big4 Audit Improve the Quality of Corporate Information, An Empirical Analysis Based on PSM
Authors:   Business School, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, Hubei Province, China, Zhao Hanxu
Published: September 2021

Based on the PSM (Propensity Score Matching) approach, this paper presents a rigorous empirical argument to illustrate the statistical relationship between the audit background of the Big Four accounting firms and the quality of corporate accounting information, using a sample of all listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen A-shares from 2011 to 2020. This paper finds that after selecting the control and treatment groups under the PSM approach and solving the model endogeneity problem, the information quality of companies with the audit background of the Big Four accounting firms is significantly better than that of companies audited by ordinary accounting firms.
An Eco-critical Analysis of Moby Dick
Authors:   School of Foreign Languages, Xinyang Normal University, Zhao Yue , Zhang Mengyang ,   School of Foreign Languages, Xinyang Normal University
Published: September 2021

Moby Dick is well acknowledged as a world masterpiece by the American author Herman Melville. This paper attempts to analyze Melville’s Moby Dick by the theory of eco-criticism. In order to better approach the American society before the 1950s, the author aims to scrutinize the novel with eco-criticism from three such aspects as nature, society and spirit so that the present society can gain some insights in preventing and solving similar problems. Divided into several parts as follows, this paper introduces Melville and Moby Dick as well as eco-criticism first and then interprets the novel via eco-criticism in three aspects, and finally ends with its realistic significance as a conclusion.
Data mining in the construction of individual educational trajectories
Authors: Частикова Вера Аркадьевна , Псеуш Азамат Гиссович
Published: September 2021

В настоящее время меняющаяся модель образования требует персонализации обучения. Следствием данного тренда является потребность в индивидуальных образовательных траекториях, способствующих получению компетенций, отличных от основного трека обучения. В работе представлены подходы к построению индивидуальных образовательных траекторий обучения, возможность использования интеллектуального анализа данных при построении индивидуальных образовательных траекторий.

Currently, the changing model of education requires the personalization of training. The consequence of this trend is the need for individual educational trajectories that contribute to the acquisition of competencies other than the main training track. The work presents approaches to the construction of individual educational trajectories of learning, the possibility of using data mining in the construction of individual educational trajectories.
Organization of secure remote access for an employee of a commercial company working outside the office
Authors: Довгаль Виталий Анатольевич , Меретукова Сусана Касеевна , Шередько Денис Игоревич
Published: September 2021

Рассматриваются способы и особенности организации удаленного доступа сотрудниками коммерческой компании, выполняющими свои должностные обязанности, находясь вне офиса, что является актуальным в связи с необходимостью изоляции в условиях пандемии. Использование общедоступных каналов передачи данных требует применения эффективных систем безопасности информации. На основании рассмотрения угроз передачи данных, присущих удаленному доступу, и способов их нейтрализации в данной работе предлагаются варианты замены зарубежного программного обеспечения, используемого в российских коммерческих компаниях, аналогичным ему по реализуемым функциям отечественным в рамках тенденции импортозамещения.

The article discusses the methods and features of organizing remote access by employees of a commercial company who perform their official duties while out of the office, which is relevant due to the need for isolation in a pandemic. The use of public data transmission channels requires the use of effective information security systems. Based on the consideration of data transmission threats inherent in remote access and ways to neutralize them, this paper suggests options for replacing foreign software used in Russian commercial companies with similar domestic functions in terms of the import substitution trend.
Photogrammetric measurement system generating algorithm by primary input data
Authors: Самойлов Алексей Николаевич , Бородянский Юрий Михайлович , Волошин Александр Валерьевич
Published: September 2021

В процессе автоматизации решения прикладных измерительных задач, в том числе на базе фотограмметрических методов, возникает проблема соответствия измерительной системы объекту и условиям измерения. Для того чтобы измерительная система позволяла заранее оценить возможность получения достоверных результатов, а также наилучшим образом подстраивалась под условия измерения, необходимо наличие специализированных алгоритмов и моделей. В общем случае такие модели ориентированы на квалифицированных технических специалистов, обладающих необходимыми знаниями в области информационных технологий. Особенностью применения фотограмметрических измерительных систем в лесной и металлургической промышленности является низкая квалификация пользователей в сфере информационных технологий, что обуславливается характером выполняемых работ и условиями привлечения. Данный фактор не позволяет решить задачу подстройки системы традиционными методами, в которых процессом настройки управляет пользователь. В этой связи в статье предлагается модель и алгоритм формирования измерительной системы по первичным входным данным, в котором процессом настройки управляет сама система.

In the process of automating the solution of applied measurement tasks, including on the basis of photogrammetric methods, there is a problem of compliance of the measurement system with the object and measurement conditions. In order for the measuring system to assess in advance the possibility of obtaining reliable results, as well as to best adapt to the conditions of measurement, it is necessary to have specialized algorithms and models. In general, such models are aimed at qualified technicians with the necessary knowledge in the field of information technology. A feature of the application of photogrammetric measurement systems in the forestry and metallurgical industry is the low qualification of users in the field of information technology, which is determined by the nature of the work performed and the conditions of attraction. This factor does not solve the problem of adjusting the system by traditional methods in which the user controls the configuration process. In this regard, the article proposes a model and algorithm for forming a measuring system from primary input data, in which the system itself controls the adjustment process.
Análisis multitemporal de pérdida de cobertura en 65 microcuencas del corredor seco hondureño. Año 2010 - 2017
Authors: Cáceres Coello José
Published: September 2021

El mapeo y la evaluación de la cobertura del suelo es una de las áreas centrales de la percepción remota. El cambio en la cobertura del suelo es una variable importante del cambio global que afecta a sistemas ecológicos con un impacto en el medio ambiente, asociado con el cambio climático. A pesar del papel de información sobre la cobertura del suelo en el monitoreo y comprensión del medio ambiente, todavía carecemos de conocimiento sobre cobertura del suelo y su dinámica, especialmente en las zonas rurales de Honduras. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la dinámica de cambio de cobertura del suelo en 65 microcuencas del corredor seco hondureño. Imágenes derivadas de los sensores ETM+ y OLI de los satélites Landsat, para los años 2010, 2015 y 2017 fueron clasificadas en 13 categorías. La cobertura de pastos y cultivos fue la predominante durante los tres años analizados (23%, 28% y 33%), mostrando un avance en el tiempo en detrimento de la cobertura boscosa. La pérdida de bosque para el período 2010-2015 fue de 15% y de 12% para el período 2015-2017. Se utilizó el modelo GEOMOD2 para hacer una proyección de la deforestación al 2020, y se obtuvo que la cobertura boscosa para el área de estudio representará un 47% (siendo de un 58% para el 2010). Finalmente se realizó un análisis de la incidencia de incendios forestales, obteniéndose que las microcuencas más vulnerables son las ubicadas en las mancomunidades MAMSURPAZ y MANCOSOL, siendo el pino denso el más afectado.
Análisis eficiencia energética y estudio de mejoras del edificio servicios AENA aeropuerto cuatro vientos Madrid
Authors: Barrionuevo Ponce Jessica Paola
Published: September 2021

El presente artículo exhibe resultados obtenidos durante el proyecto de Trabajo Final del Máster de Sistemas de Transporte Aéreo de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, que buscaba realizar un análisis de Eficiencia Energética del edificio de Servicios, que forma parte del Aeropuerto Cuatro Vientos de esta misma Ciudad, mediante la obtención de su Calificación Energética y poder analizar diferentes acciones que permitan mejorar el uso eficiente de recursos.
El análisis parte, realizando un modelo del edifico utilizando la Herramienta Unificada LIDER-CALENER (HULC) donde se ingresan características técnicas de los materiales que conforman las infraestructuras y su geometría para cuantificar la energía que se suministra al edificio y la eficiencia con la que la energía se transforma, en base a la demanda energética del mismo. Además, se obtiene la calificación energética del edificio en base al Código Técnico de la Edificación (CTE).
Esta calificación permite ubicar el comportamiento energético del edificio en una escala, compararlo con edificaciones similares y ajustar su calificación al cumplimiento de normativas y reglamentos para posteriormente, identificar las alternativas que permitan mejorar la eficiencia de las interacciones energéticas; ya sea, mejorando la eficiencia de equipos existentes, cambiando las fuentes de energía o reemplazando las tecnologías de los elementos existentes.
Las principales alternativas de mejora se resumen en Climatización por Geotermia y Agua Caliente Sanitaria Solar Térmica, de las que se analizan los parámetros técnico-económicos que definan la viabilidad de las propuestas en busca de un mejor desempeño energético que favorezca al giro de negocio y principalmente reduzca el impacto ambiental.
El grupo E y las penitencias del Señor del Fuego*, AJ Pakal Tahn, Comalcalco, Tabasco
Authors: Martz de la Vega Hans
Published: September 2021

El artículo se refiere a la antigua ciudad de Comalcalco, localizada en la planicie costera de México, a poco más de 17 km de distancia al sur del Golfo de México, y geopolíticamente en el Municipio de Comalcalco en el actual Estado de Tabasco. El Grupo E es un arreglo arquitectónico de al menos dos estructuras, que formó parte de la identidad de la cultura maya desde el Periodo Preclásico. Se estima que los más tempranos se remontan hacia el año 900 a.C. o poco más y que fueron conjuntos fundacionales y conmemorativos a la vez que multifuncionales y públicos. Todo parece indicar que se dejaron de construir durante el Clásico Temprano pero más tarde, se retomó la tradición, en muchas de las ciudades más poderosas del Clásico Tardío. Comalcalco o Joy´Chan (o joykaan) no fue la excepción. Situada en un enclave lejano, conformando parte de la frontera noroeste de la civilización maya, donde no se construía con piedra, debido a su ausencia, sino con tierra compactada; en algún momento adquirió el estatus de una de las ciudades poderosas, junto con Palenque, y fue el ladrillo con el que levantaron una segunda época constructiva, duradera y gloriosa. Se piensa que una de las funciones de los Grupos E estuvo asociada con el movimiento del cielo y por tanto, de los cuerpos celestes, principalmente del Sol, en relación con las estaciones del año y el ciclo agrícola. Desde principios del siglo los investigadores de Comalcalco propusieron la idea de que el Grupo E fue utilizado como marcador temporal para las penitencias que un sacerdote, al servicio de la ciudad, realizó en torno al equinoccio de marzo, ya que fue el momento en el que se piensa que también, como hasta la fecha, era el de menor precipitación pluvial en aquel lugar. De esa manera, el objetivo de este trabajo ha sido el de evaluar las proyecciones del conjunto, mejor conocidas como alineamientos calendárico-astronómicos, y también las fechas de la tabla de aquel especialista ritual. La metodología consistió en una serie de mediciones arqueoastronómicas en el conjunto arquitectónico. Entre otras cosas, se mostrará cómo diecisiete de las dieciocho fechas de las actividades del sacerdote pudieron estar incluidas en el Grupo E. Además ha sido posible detectar un comportamiento de las fechas como un ciclo en torno a dos tipos de equinoccios, el astronómico y el temporal, cuestión, probablemente, inaudita, así como al solsticio de diciembre.
Chapter 1: Gold Deposit Types: An Overview
Authors: Sillitoe Richard H.
Published: September 2021

Gold is either the only economically important metal or a major by-product in 11 well-characterized deposit types—paleoplacer, orogenic, porphyry, epithermal, Carlin, placer, reduced intrusion related, volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS), skarn, carbonate replacement, and iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG), arguably more than for those of any other metal; it also dominates a number of deposits of uncertain or unknown origin. Major gold concentrations formed worldwide from the Mesoarchean to the Pleistocene, from Earth’s surface to midcrustal paleodepths, alone or in association with silver, base metals, and/or uranium, and from hydrothermal fluids of predominantly metamorphic, magmatic, meteoric, seawater, or, uncommonly, basinal origins, as well as from mafic magma or ambient surface water. Most of the Neoproterozoic and Phanerozoic deposits unequivocally formed in accretionary orogens. As an introduction to this compilation of the world’s major gold deposits and provinces, this paper provides a thumbnail sketch of each gold deposit type, including geologic and economic characteristics and widely accepted genetic models, as well as briefly discusses aspects of their spatial and temporal associations and distributions.
Chapter 2: Metallogeny of the Neoarchean Malartic Gold Camp, Québec, Canada
Authors: Souza De Stéphane , Perrouty Stéphane , Dubé Benoît , Mercier-Langevin Patrick , Linnen Robert L. , Olivo Gema R.
Published: September 2021

The Malartic gold camp is located in the southern part of the Archean Superior Province and straddles the Larder Lake-Cadillac fault zone that is between the Abitibi and Pontiac subprovinces. It comprises the world-class Canadian Malartic deposit (25.91 Moz, including past production, reserves, and resources), and smaller gold deposits located along faults and shear zones in volcanic and metasedimentary rocks of the Abitibi subprovince. North of the Larder Lake-Cadillac fault zone, the Malartic camp includes 2714 to 2697 Ma volcanic rocks and ≤2687 Ma turbiditic sedimentary rocks overlain by ≤2679 to 2669 Ma polymictic conglomerate and sandstone of the Timiskaming Group. South of the fault, the Pontiac subprovince comprises ≤2685 Ma turbiditic graywacke and mudstone, and minor ultramafic to mafic volcanic rocks and iron formations of the Pontiac Group. These supracrustal rocks were metamorphosed at peak greenschist to lower amphibolite facies conditions at ~2660 to 2658 Ma, during D2 compressive deformation, and are cut by a variety of postvolcanic intrusions ranging from ~2695 to 2640 Ma.

The Canadian Malartic deposit encompasses several past underground operations and is currently mined as a low-grade, open-pit operation that accounts for about 80% of the past production and reserves in the camp. It dominantly consists of disseminated-stockwork replacement-style mineralization in greenschist facies sedimentary rocks of the Pontiac Group. The mineralized zones are spatially associated with the Sladen fault and ~2678 Ma subalkaline to alkaline porphyritic quartz monzodiorite and granodiorite. Field relationships and isotopic age data for ore-related vein minerals indicate that gold mineralization in the Canadian Malartic deposit occurred at ~2665 to 2660 Ma and was contemporaneous with syn- to late-D2 peak metamorphism. The smaller deposits in the camp include auriferous disseminated-stockwork zones of the Camflo deposit (1.9 Moz) and quartz ± carbonate-pyrite veins and breccias (0.6 Moz) along faults in chemically and mechanically favorable rocks. The age of these deposits is poorly constrained, but ~2692 Ma postmineral dikes, and ~2625 Ma hydrothermal titanite and rutile from the Camflo deposit highlight a long and complex hydrothermal history. Crosscutting relationships and regional geochronological constraints suggest that an early episode of pre-Timiskaming mineralization occurred at >2692 Ma, shortly after the end of volcanism in the Malartic camp, and postmetamorphic fluid circulation may have contributed to concentration or remobilization of gold until ~2625 Ma. However, the bulk of the gold was concentrated in the Canadian Malartic deposit during the main phase of compressive deformation and peak regional metamorphism.
Chapter 7: Paleoproterozoic Gold Deposits of the Loulo District, Western Mali
Authors: Allibone Andrew , Lawrence David , Scott John , Fanning Mark , Lambert-Smith James , Stenhouse Paul , Harbidge Reinet , Vargas Carlos , Turnbull Rose , Holliday Joel
Published: September 2021

Paleoproterozoic (Rhyacian) gold deposits of the Loulo district in western Mali contain >17 million ounces (Moz) Au and form part of the second most highly endowed region within West Africa. The deposits are located within siliciclastic, marble, and evaporitic rocks of the ca. 2110 Ma greenschist facies Kofi series, which were folded and inverted between ca. 2100 and 2070 Ma, prior to gold mineralization. Deposits at Yalea and Gounkoto are located along discontinuous, low-displacement, albite- and carbonate-altered shear zones, whereas Gara is confined to a tourmaline-altered quartz sandstone unit. Lodes typically plunge gently to moderately, reflecting the attitude of folds in the adjacent rocks and bends in the host shear zones, both of which influenced their location.

Gold mineralization in the Loulo district was broadly synchronous with emplacement of the Falémé batholith and associated Fe skarn mineralization, which intrude and overprint the western margin of the Kofi series, respectively. However, hydrothermal fluids generated during metamorphic devolatilization of the Kofi series rocks appear responsible for gold mineralization, albeit within a district-wide thermal gradient associated with emplacement of the Falémé batholith. The regional-scale Senegal-Mali shear zone, commonly cited as an important control on the location of gold deposits in western Mali, is absent in the Loulo district.
Chapter 17: Epithermal Gold Deposits Related to Alkaline Igneous Rocks in the Cripple Creek District, Colorado, United States
Authors: Kelley Karen D. , Jensen Eric P. , Rampe Jason S. , White Doug
Published: September 2021

Cripple Creek is among the largest epithermal districts in the world, with more than 800 metric tons (t) Au (>26.4 Moz). The ores are associated spatially, temporally, and genetically with ~34 to 28 Ma alkaline igneous rocks that were emplaced into an 18-km2 diatreme complex and surrounding Proterozoic rocks. Gold occurs in high-grade veins, as bulk tonnage relatively low-grade ores, and in hydrothermal breccias. Pervasive alteration in the form of potassic metasomatism is extensive and is intimately associated with gold mineralization. Based on dating of intrusions and molybdenite and gangue minerals (primarily using 40Ar/39Ar and Re-Os techniques), the region experienced a protracted but intermittent history of magmatism (over a period of at least 5 m.y.) and hydrothermal activity (intermittent over the final ~3 m.y. of magmatic activity). Key factors that likely played a role in the size and grade of the deposit were (1) the generation of alkaline magmas during a transition between subduction and extension that tapped a chemically enriched mantle source; (2) a long history of structural preparation, beginning in the Proterozoic, which created deep-seated structures to allow the magmas and ore fluids to reach shallow levels in the crust, and which produced a fracture network that increased permeability; and (3) an efficient hydrothermal system, including effective gold transport mechanisms, and multiple over-printed hydrothermal events.
Chapter 27: Geology of the Porgera Gold Deposit, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Hay Jonathan P. , Haydon Mark M. , Robert François
Published: September 2021

Porgera is a ~974-metric ton (t) Au, low-sulfidation, alkalic, epithermal gold deposit located in Papua New Guinea. The deposit is spatially associated with 6 Ma stocks of the mafic alkalic Porgera Intrusive Complex, which were emplaced within Cretaceous carbonaceous mudstones in a transpressional orogenic setting linked to continent-island arc collision. As with many other major magmatic-hydrothermal ore deposits in New Guinea, deep-seated, arc-normal transfer structures have been suggested as controls on intrusion emplacement through the creation of a localized extensional environment favorable for magma ascent. Gold mineralization occurred in two distinct phases, both within ≤0.2 m.y. of emplacement of the Porgera Intrusive Complex. Stage 1 mineralization of intrusion-related carbonate-base metal association consists of extensional vein swarms dominated by coarse intergrown pyrite ± galena and sphalerite, generally hosted within or proximal to the intrusive bodies of the Porgera Intrusive Complex. These veins represent the lowest grade and economically least significant mineralization phase. Overprinted high-grade epithermal Stage 2 mineralization consists of roscoelite, pyrite, and quartz veins and breccia veins ± subordinate amounts of barite, marcasite, sphalerite, tetrahedrite, galena, hematite, and tellurides. Gold mineralization is commonly associated with the roscoelite-rich coatings on vein walls or breccia clasts. Stage 2 mineralization is controlled by a deposit-scale extensional fault-fracture mesh and displays a variety of textural styles including: (1) <5-mm veinlets dominated by roscoelite, pyrite, and gold; (2) thicker veins up to 10 cm wide with roscoelite, pyrite, and gold on the margins with central bands of alternating crustiform quartz and thin layers of roscoelite-pyrite-gold; (3) hydrothermal breccias with roscoelite, pyrite, and gold coating breccia margins and internal clasts, with crustiform quartz forming the matrix. The giant endowment of the Porgera gold system is attributed to its favorable tectonic location and local extensional setting, its vertical extent, the oxidized nature of the mineralizing fluids, and highly efficient gold precipitation.
Chapter 34: The Paleoproterozoic (Rhyacian) Gold Deposits of West Africa
Authors: Thébaud Nicolas , Allibone Andrew , Masurel Quentin , Eglinger Aurélien , Davis James , André-Mayer Anne-Sylvie , Miller John , François Ouedrago Morou , Jessell Mark
Published: September 2021

Paleoproterozoic terranes of the Man-Leo Shield in the southern part of the West African craton host one of the world’s largest gold provinces with an overall endowment >10,000 metric tons (t). Although gold deposition commenced by ca. 2170 Ma, most deposits formed later, either during the inversion and metamorphism of intraorogenic sedimentary basins between ca. 2110 and 2095 Ma, or during later transcurrent deformation and associated widespread high K plutonism following docking of Archean and Paleoproterozoic domains within the craton at ca. 2095 Ma. Deposits formed between ca. 2110 and 2095 Ma include those with free gold in quartz veins and refractory gold in arsenopyrite and/or pyrite, and are associated with halos of carbonate, sericite, chlorite, and albite alteration. Most are located in bends and intersections between shear zones, minor faults, folds, and entrained blocks of relatively reactive igneous rock. Conglomerate-hosted gold deposits of the Tarkwa district formed early in the 15-m.y.-long period. Gold deposits that formed subsequently between ca. 2095 and 2060 Ma have a wider variety of styles, geologic settings, and metal assemblages. District-scale albite, carbonate, and tourmaline alteration, hydrothermal breccias, and a close relationship to high K granitoids characterize some of these deposits, whereas others are more typical orogenic gold deposits that are similar to those formed earlier during the craton evolution.
Soro-Soke Polemic & the contemporary African Female Revolutionary Trend: An Ngugian Perspective
Authors:   Department of English, Nasarawa State University, Keffi -Nigeria, Shija Terhemba , Onwugbufor Ifeoma Catherine ,   School of General Studies, Kwararafa University, Wukari-Nigeria
Published: September 2021

A video revealing the assault of two men who were pulled out of a hotel and the execution of one of them by the Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS) became viral on October 4, 2020 spurring random protests across Nigeria. The protests which began as pockets of pickets snowballed into crowded rallies in the major cities comprising mainly, the youth shortly after the outbreak of a virtual protest with the hashtag #EndSARS littering the social media, and eventually, the print media, and banners. Christened, Soro-Soke, these protests can be linked with a certain history - the actuality of the #EndSARS protests against police brutality by Nigerians must have been predicted three decades ago by Ngugi wa Thiong’o whose late fictions prophesy palpable female intolerance of government ineptitude and a growing female revolutionary tendency in Africa; a fervor which is spread from Kenya through the entire continent. Ngugi’s present affinity to strong female characters can be regarded as archetypal of his late fictions and nonfictions published from the 1980s. Matigari, Wizard of the Crow and Devil on Cross will be interrogated as predictions of the #EndSARS protests from an Ngugian perspective, while Ngugi’s strongest nonfiction heroine, Me Katilili in his 2018 nonfiction, Wrestling with the Devil: A Prison Memoir will be synchronically analyzed alongside his imaginary heroines. Cultural Ecofeminism and Jungian Theory of archetypes interrogate the roles assigned by nature to Ngugi’s most outstanding women in his late fictions, as part of a collective unconscious which is urgently typical of mankind.
SOME PROBLEMS IN THE STUDY OF YASAWI HERITAGE
Authors:   M.O. Auezov Institute of Literature and Art Almaty, Kazakhstan, Torali Kydyr ,   e-mail: qydyr.torali@gmail.com
Published: September 2021

The heritage of Yasawi, the founder of Sufi literature in Turkic literature, is now being studied in detail by experts. Although the history of the Yasawi study is deep, some issues remain unresolved. There is no consensus in science about the year of Yassavi's birth, the subsequent fate of the Yassavi sect, the total amount of wisdom, and what other works he wrote other than Diwani Hikmet. The absence of a manuscript belonging to Yasawi also poses some difficulties in Yasawi studies. In ancient manuscripts, as well as in lithographic books published in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the wisdom of Yassavi and his disciples was published, leading scholars to differ. Therefore, one of the most pressing issues today is the collection of the most reliable versions of "Diwani Hikmet" known to science, and the compilation of the canonical text. It is also relevant in revealing the essence of some of the terms found in the Diwani Hikmet. This is because it is impossible to read and understand Sufi works without commentary, which are full of truths and mysteries. One of such terms is the concept of Sufism "Daftarus-sani".
MUCOADHESIVE MICROSPHERES AS INTRANASAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS: A REVIEW
Authors: Abbas Z. , Swamy N. G. N. ,   Department of Pharmaceutics Government College of Pharmacy No. 2, P kalinga Rao Road Bengaluru – 560 027, Karnataka, India.
Published: September 2021

Mucoadhesive polymers are the topic of current interest in the design of drug delivery systems. Mucoadhesive microspheres provide the means of improving drug delivery by promoting the residence time at the site of application or absorption and facilitate intimate contact with the underlying absorption surface and thus contribute to improved and/or better therapeutic performance of drugs. Mucoadhesion is the process whereby synthetic and natural polymers adhere to mucosal surfaces in the body. If these materials are then incorporated into pharmaceutical formulations, drug absorption by mucosal cells maybe enhanced or the drug may be released at the site for an extended period of time. Microspheres, in general, have the potential to be used for targeted and controlled release drug delivery; however, coupling of mucoadhesive properties to microspheres has additional advantages like a much more intimate contact with the mucous layer, efficient absorption and enhanced bioavailability of the drugs due to a high surface to volume ratio. The present review describes the potential applications of mucoadhesive microspheres as a novel carrier system to improve nasal drug delivery for systemic or for local effects. The, methods of preparation of microspheres and their in vitro and in vivo evaluation methods and the research work carried out on these systems are also described.
SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF SOME SUBSTITUTED 2-AMINOTHIAZOLE DERIVATIVES FOR THEIR ANTITUBERCULAR, ANTIMICROBIAL & ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Pattan S. R. , Kale S. H , Mali R. A. , Dengale S. S. , Pattan J. S. , Ghuge N. D. , Muluk R. A. , Dube S. D. ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Pravara Rural College of Pharmacy Pravaranagar, A/P-Loni, Tal- Rahata Dist. - Ahmednagar, Pin- 413736, Maharashtra.
Published: September 2021

Millions of people are affected by infectious diseases caused by micro-organisms. Further the widespread microbial resistance had renewed the interest in quest for new antitubercular, antimicrobial & antifungal agents. The present study deals with synthesis & evaluation of some substituted 2-aminothiazole derivatives for their antitubercular, antimicrobial and antifungal activity. 2-aminothiazole derivatives were synthesized by treating substituted acetophenones with thiourea in presence of bromine to give 2-amino 4-substituted phenylthizole and then further treated with chloracetyl chloride to give 2-chloro-N-(4-substituted phenylthizole-2-yl)-acetamide which on refluxing with primary amine gives 15 derivatives. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, H-NMR and elemental analysis.All the synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli by using cup plate agar diffusion method. The activity was measured in terms of zone of inhibition and compared with standard drug ciprofloxacin, sulfonamide. The aminothiazole derivatives were evaluated for antitubercular activity and their result were compared with standard streptomycin.
EXTRACTION, ISOLATION AND SYNTHESIS OF DERIVATIVES OF URSOLIC ACID
Authors: Babar S. B. , Laddha K. S. ,   Medicinal Natural Product Research Laboratory Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology Institute of Chemical Technology Matunga, Mumbai - 400019.
Published: September 2021

Study was undertaken with an objective to develop a simple method for isolation of ursolic acid from Nerium indicum Mill leaves and to prepare synthetic derivatives of ursolic acid. The leaves were defatted with petroleum ether and then extracted with methanol. Methanol extract was basified and subsequently acidified, followed by charcoal treatment to isolate ursolic acid. Synthetic derivatives were prepared from isolated ursolic acid by substitution at C-3 position. The structure of ursolic acid and its derivatives were confirmed by IR, MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR studies.
DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINED RELEASE TABLET OF METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE BY AQUEOUS COATING
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutics, Sinhgad College of Pharmacy, Vadgaon (Bk.), Pune- 411041, Maharashtra., Ranpise N. S , Somavanshi S. S. , Bhujbal . R. K , Jagtap Y. M.
Published: September 2021

The aim of present work was to develop a metformin hydrochloride sustained release tablet by aqueous coating. Eudragit RL and Eudragit RS were used for coating of tablets. Eudragit RL having 10% and Eudragit RS having 5% of functional quaternary ammonium groups, which give rise to pH independent permeability of the polymer. Metformin hydrochloride uncoated tablets were prepared by wet granulation technique. Tablets were coated with blends of Eudragit RS30D and Eudragit RL30D in 5:1 and in 3:1 ratios at different coating level viz. 7%, 5%, 3%, 1.5%, 1%. Two dissolution media: pH 1.2 and pH 6.8 phosphate buffer were employed for in vitro release behaviors of metformin hydrochloride tablets. Coating with blends of Eudragit RS 30D and Eudragit RL 30D in 5:1 and in 3:1 ratio at 1% and at 3% showed sustained release effect for 12 h. The two Eudragit polymers with different features as coating materials produced the desired results.
A SIMPLE METHOD FOR ISOLATION OF MARMELOSIN (IMPERATORIN) FROM FRUITS OF AEGLE MARMELOS CORREA.
Authors:   Medicinal and Natural Product Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai-400 019 Maharashtra, India., Shinde P. B. , Laddha K. S.
Published: September 2021

Simple and practical method for isolation of marmelosin (also called as Imperatorin) from Aegle marmelos fruits has been developed. The powdered fruits were extracted with methanol and partitioned with petroleum ether and on further purification marmelosin was obtained. Identity of the compound was established by spectral analysis (IR, NMR and MS). Purity of compound was determined by HPLC.
Impact of Lockdown on Dietary and Lifestyle Pattern of Adolescents
Authors:   Assistant Professor, St. Mary's College of Nursing, Lucknow, Shimray Khanpam , Ventura Alisha ,   Bsc Nursing Intern, St. Mary's College of Nursing, Lucknow, Shukla Sandhya , Verma Sapna , Devi Sarojini , Pandey Saumya , Shiwani Shiwani , Verma Vandana , Ahmad Zeya
Published: September 2021

Background of the Study: As the Corona virus (COVID-19) pandemic is still ongoing; it has created profound impact socially, physically and emotionally on families across the globe. With confinement laws and regulations still being enforced, healthcare system is deteriorating, Economics are setting down and school closer are being extended. Unfortunately, this also led to increase vulnerability of food insecurity especially among the urban poor and increased risk of overweight and obesity in higher income classes [2]. The lock down restrictions is leading to severe repercussions on individuals; daily routine and lifestyle behaviour including food access and consumption, outdoor activities, travel, school related functions, and access to many forms of leisure and exercise [3]. Particularly alarming are the implication of the lockdown on irregular eating habits, excessive snacking, lack of physical activity, high calorie intake and increased risk of obesity [4]. The aim of this study was to assess changes in lifestyle behaviour of adolescents during the country-wide lockdown. Materials & Methods: A descriptive study design was adopted. Snowball sampling technique was used to gather data from 108 adolescents in between the age group of 11 years to 19 years. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for the collection of data from the participants through an online survey. Results: Finding reveals that 26.85% of adolescents had good impact (Healthy dietary pattern), 51.85% had average impact (Moderate changes) and 21.29% had poor impact (Drastic changes) on dietary pattern. Related to lifestyle pattern results also revealed that 39.81% of adolescents had good impact (Healthy lifestyle), 51.85% had average impact ((Moderate changes)) and none of them had poor impact (Drastic changes) on lifestyle pattern. Conclusion: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has become a major public health concern and has changed the daily lives of citizens across the globe. Healthy eating and good life style pattern are key for health and well-being, especially when the immune system is challenged. The present study revealed a substantial increase in unhealthy dietary and lifestyle pattern among adolescents during COVID-19 lockdown.
A Comprehensive Model for the Use of Mechanisms for Automating Customs Operations
Authors: Lipatova Nadezhda G.
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the study of an important scientific and practical problem - the automation of customs operations. The purpose of the study was to develop an approach to the use of mechanisms for automating customs operations, including promising means of the Unified automated information system of customs authorities. The development of such an approach is based on the results of a study of the evolution of the system of customs operations in the Russian Federation, generalization of the problems of the formation of electronic documents and electronic information interaction of participants in customs operations, format-logical control of customs documents, the formation and application of automatic risk profiles, the implementation of expert checks during customs control. As a result of the study, modern principles of the functioning of information systems in customs were formulated, which made it possible to develop requirements for promising means of the Unified automated information system of customs authorities as an integrated mechanism for automating customs operations. On this basis, a comprehensive model for the use of mechanisms for automating customs operations has been proposed. As part of a comprehensive model, mechanisms for automating customs operations are considered, recommendations for their implementation are given, and possible effects from the use of these mechanisms are identified.
Topical Issues of Customs Administration of Cross-border E-commerce in the Russian Federation
Authors: Budarina Natalya A. , Pavlova Yulia Y.
Published: September 2021

The article examines the problems of state regulation of cross-border e-commerce in the Russian Federation. In this regard, there is a need to develop a modern mechanism for state regulation of cross-border e-commerce. The mechanisms of the customs administration of e-commerce goods are considered. It has been determined that the key instrument of state regulation of cross-border e-commerce today is the establishment of norms for duty-free import of such goods. The article also provides an assessment of the effectiveness of existing measures. The introduction of modern technologies of customs clearance, the administration of customs payments, the implementation of projects with delivery services, foreign customs administrations and a number of others can compensate for the increasing load. Proposals have been put forward to improve the current mechanism of state regulation of e-commerce in general and customs administration in particular, which will increase the efficiency of cross-border e-commerce and have a positive impact on the development of the Russian economy.
Iconography of Haliotidae of Southern Africa
Authors: Owen Buzz , Berschauer David
Published: September 2021

The five living species of Haliotdae found in Southern African waters are discussed in detail, descriptions are provided, and a series of images illustrate the variability in color and pattern of these species and a differential diagnosis photographic plate is provided.
Ten New Cone Shells from Indonesia, the Marquesas Islands, Brazil, and Pacific Panama
Authors: Petuch Edward , Berschauer David
Published: September 2021

Preliminary research for an upcoming book on the molluscan biogeography and biodiversity of tropical seas has uncovered ten new cone shells, all of which are highly restricted in their ranges and are considered to be important biogeographical index species. These new taxa encompass nine new species and one new subspecies and include: Pionoconus easoni new species (Marquesas Islands), Poremskiconus tourosensis, new species (Brazil), Cylinder abbas johnabbasi, new subspecies (Indonesia), Jaspidiconus crabosi, new species (Brazil), jaspidiconus icapui, new species (Brazil), Jaspidiconus itapua, new species (Brazil), Jaspidiconus joanae new species (Brazil), Jaspidiconus keppensi new species, (Brazil), Coltroconus bianchii, new species (Minerva Seamount, Brazil), and Ximeniconus gubernatrix, new species
The Recent Cypraeidae of Northern New Zealand from the Kermadec Islands to the Poor Knights Islands, Southwest Pacific Ocean (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Cypraeidae)
Authors: Daughenbaugh John
Published: September 2021

For researchers, isolated regions at the periphery of species’ distributions hold a peculiar fascination. The causes of their remoteness vary based on: distance (e.g. the Tropical Eastern Pacific), distance and countervailing currents (e.g. the Marquesas), location in a present day gyre (e.g. the Pitcairn Group) or the absence of present day means of veliger transport (e.g. the Vema Seamount). (Daughenbaugh & Beals 2013; Daughenbaugh 2015a & b, 2017). The northern New Zealand Region from the Kermadec Islands (Kermadecs) to the coastal and shelf areas in the northernmost part of New Zealand’s North Island (Northland), including the Poor Knights Islands (PKI), constitute the distributional boundaries for a number of Cypraeidae species. The boundaries are the result of the absence of coastal shelves along the east side of the Kermadec Ridge (Ridge) and precipitous drops to abyssal depths along Northland’s east coast continental shelf. Tropical waters, with their potential to transport Cypraeidae larvae, flow eastward from southern Queensland, Australia, entrained in the Tasman Front which terminates when reaching North Cape, the northernmost tip of Northland. There, the North Cape Eddy captures most of this flow while the remainder, the East Auckland Current (EAUC), flows intermittently southward along the eastern coastal, shelf and offshore areas of Northland into waters incapable of supporting Cypraeidae populations.
Discovery of Myxostoma petiverianum Wood, 1828 (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda: Cyclophoroidea: Cyclophoridae) on Hòn Cau, Vietnam
Authors: Trageser Scott , Wiscovitch Ash , Foon Junn
Published: September 2021

The land snail Myxostoma petiverianum is previously known from only a few localities in Cambodia and Vietnam. We report on a new record of Myxostoma petiverianum from Hòn Cau, an island in the Côn Đảo Archipelago, south-eastern Vietnam.
A New Species of Forreria (Gastropoda: Muricidae: Ocenebrinae) from the Sea of Cortez, Mexico
Authors: Berschauer David , Petuch Edward , Clark Roger
Published: September 2021

A new muricid is described from deep water in the Wagner Basin, in the northern Sea of Cortez, Mexico, 65 kilometers south of Puerto Peňasco, Sonora, Mexico. The only living relative of this new species is Forreria belcheri (Hinds, 1843), which ranges from Santa Barbara, California, to Laguna Scammons, Baja California, Mexico. This new endemic species has been brought to light by shrimp trawling activities, and is thought to be a relict deep water population left behind in the northern Sea of Cortez during the Pleistocene.
Further Additions to the Knowledge of the Reproduction of Zonaria pyrum insularum var. nigromarginata (Deprez & Govaert 2009) in the Atlantic and Western Mediterranean Coast of Spain
Authors: Muñoz Sánchez Benito , Muñoz Sánchez José
Published: September 2021

The family Cypraeidae is represented in the Mediterranean Sea by four native species: Luria l. lurida; Naria s. spurca; Schilderia a. achatidea; and Zonaria p. pyrum. These species also inhabit the Atlantic coasts of Europe and Africa beyond the Strait of Gibraltar. Besides these, there are a few Lessepsian immigrants found occasionally throughout the central and eastern part of the Mare Nostrum including Naria turdus var. micheloi and Purpuradusta gracilis notata. This article focuses on the subspecies of Z. pyrum insularum (Schilder, 1928); var. nigromarginata (Deprez & Govaert, 2009), whose populations in the Atlantic have recently been the subject of numerous notes and comprehensive revisions (Goutal, 2008, Bergonzoni, 2013).
New Species of Cassis (Cassidae) from the Caloosahatchee Formation of Southern Florida
Authors: Petuch Edward , Berschauer David
Published: September 2021

Two new fossil Helmet Shells of the genus Cassis Scopoli, 1777, are described from the Early Pleistocene (Gelasian Age) Caloosahatchee Formation of southern Florida. The two new species include Cassis calusa n. sp. (restricted to the Fort Denaud Member, early Gelasian Age) and Cassis powelli n. sp. (restricted to the Ayers Landing Member, late Gelasian Age) and these are ancestral to both the Calabrian Pleistocene Cassis schnireli Petuch, 1994 (Holey Land Member, Bermont Formation) and the living Carolinian Province Cassis spinella Clench, 1944. The two new Helmet Shells represent the seventh and eighth species of Cassis known from the Florida fossil record.
Calliostoma and Akoya of the Californian Marine Province (Gastropoda: Calliostomatidae)
Authors: Tuskes Paul , McGowan-Tuskes Ann
Published: September 2021

Fifteen species of Calliostomatidae are known to occur in the Californian marine province. Biological observations in situ on shallow water species indicates they are primarily carnivores, feeding on sessile organisms such as sponge, bryozoan, hydrozoa, diatoms and various Cnidaria. Adult variation, distribution, depth, and habitat are discussed and a summary of distribution records are provided for unique species. Analysis of shell morphology indicates Akoya titanium is a synonymy of A. platinum. A review of museum material also suggests that C. splendens appears to be correctly placed as a synonym of C. supragranosm. A new species of Calliostoma from the most southern portion of the Californian marine province is described and illustrated.
The Fossil Cypraeidae of the Buckingham Member (Unit 10), Tamiami Formation of Southern Florida: (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Cypraeidae)
Authors: Daughenbaugh John
Published: September 2021

The oldest recorded fossil Cypraeidae from southern Florida date from the late Zanclean-early Piacenzian Pliocene (circa 3.8-3.6 million years ago - hereinafter “mya”) in the Myakka Lagoon System, a shallow water estuary that lies beneath the present day Sarasota area. Shallow water sea grass beds and nascent shoreline mangrove forests hosted seven Cypraeidae species in five genera. Determining the origins of these species is challenging as only steinkern casts have been found in adjacent lower layers. However, enough features are present in two of the casts to infer the ancestral presence of two of the genera. For the other genera and species, a comparison of features with the northern Florida Panhandle Cypraeidae populations dating from the Burgdigalian Miocene (16-20 mya) does suggest certain affinities. However, no direct lineage can be asserted with any confidence. The sea bed deposit layer of this period has been designated the Buckingham Member of the Tamiami Formation of southern Florida.