bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal Gait Analysis and Lower Limb Functioning in Foot Dystonia Treated with Botulinum Toxin
Authors: Datta Gupta Anupam , Tucker Graeme , Koblar Simon , Visvanathan Renuka , Cameron Ian D.
Published: December 2018

Foot dystonia (FD) is a disabling condition causing pain, spasm and difficulty in walking. We treated fourteen (14) adult patients experiencing FD with onabotulinum toxin A injection into the dystonic foot muscles. We analyzed the spatiotemporal gait utilizing the GaitRite system pre- and 3 weeks post-botulinum toxin injection along with measuring dystonia by the Fahn–Marsden Dystonia Scale (FMDS), pain by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and other lower limb functional outcomes such as gait velocity, the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale–Lower Limb Score (UPDRS–LL), the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and the Goal Attainment Scale (GAS). We found that stride length increased significantly in both the affected (p = 0.02) and unaffected leg (p = 0.01) after treatment, and the improvement in stride length was roughly the same in each leg. Similar results were found for step length (p = 0.02) with improvement in the step length differential (p = 0.01). The improvements in the lower limb functional outcomes were also significant—FMDS, VAS, TUG, and UPDRS–LL decreased significantly after treatment (all p < 0.001), and BBS (p = 0.001), GAS (p < 0.001) except cadence (p = 0.37). BT injection improved walking in foot dystonia as evidenced through gait analysis, pain and lower limb functional outcomes. Main study limitations were small sample size and lack of control.
Dimensioning of Required Volumes of Interconnected Detention Tanks Taking into Account the Direction and Speed of Rain Movement
Authors: Starzec Mariusz , Dziopak Józef , Słyś Daniel , Pochwat Kamil , Kordana Sabina
Published: December 2018

This article is aimed at defining the impact of the direction and velocity of waves of rainfall as they pass over interconnected stormwater detention tank systems. The simulations were conducted for a real urban catchment area as part of the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) 5.1 programme. The results permit us to conclude that the direction and velocity of a moving wave of rainfall have a significant influence on the required volumes of interconnected stormwater detention tank systems. By comparing the modelling test results for stationary rainfall and rainfall moving over the urban catchment area, it has been demonstrated that differences in the required volume of the detention tank located at the terminal section of a stormwater drainage system are inversely proportional to the adopted value of the diameter of the outfall channel for upstream storage reservoirs. In extreme cases, the differences may be up to several dozen percentage points. Furthermore, it has been proven that the arrangement of the stormwater detention tanks in relation to one another and the adopted diameter of the outfall channel are key factors in identifying the degree to which the detention tanks are hydraulically dependent on one another.
Potential of Biochar Filters for Onsite Wastewater Treatment: Effects of Biochar Type, Physical Properties and Operating Conditions
Authors: Perez-Mercado Luis Fernando , Lalander Cecilia , Berger Christina , Dalahmeh Sahar S.
Published: December 2018

The potential of biochar as a filter medium for onsite wastewater treatment was investigated in five sub-studies. Sub-study 1 compared pollutant removal from wastewater using pine-spruce biochar, willow biochar and activated biochar (undefined biomass) filters. Sub-study 2 investigated the effects of particle size (0.7, 1.4 and 2.8 mm) on pollutant removal using pine-spruce biochar filters. In sub-studies 3 and 4, the effects of the hydraulic loading rate (HLR; 32–200 L m−2) and organic loading rates (OLR; 5–20 g biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) m−2) on pollutant removal using pine-spruce biochar filters were investigated, while sub-study 5 compared pollutant removal in pine-spruce biochar filters and in sand. The removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (Tot-N), ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N), phosphates (PO4-P) and total phosphorus (Tot-P) was monitored in all sub-studies. All types of biochar and all particle sizes of pine-spruce biochar achieved a high degree of removal of organic material (COD > 90%). Removal of Tot-P and PO4-P was higher in willow biochar and activated biochar (>70%) than in pine-spruce biochar during the first two months, but then decreased to similar levels as in pine-spruce biochar. Among the particle sizes tested, 0.7 mm pine-spruce biochar showed the lowest amount of Tot-P removal, while 2.8 mm pine-spruce biochar showed the lowest level of NH4-N removal. Different OLRs and HLRs did not influence COD removal (94–95%). Pine-spruce biochar showed a better degree of removal of Tot-N than sand. In conclusion, biochar is a promising filter medium for onsite wastewater treatment as a replacement or complement to sand, achieving high and robust performance regardless of the parent material, particle size or loading conditions.
Characterization of Cameras for the COSMO K-coronagraph
Authors: de Wijn A. G.
Published: December 2018

Digital image sensors are ubiquitous in astronomical instrumentation and it is well known that they suffer from issues that must be corrected for data to be scientifically useful. I present discussion on errors resulting from digitization and characterization of nonlinearity and ADC errors of the PhotonFocus MV-D1024E cameras selected for the K-coronagraph of the Coronal Solar Magnetism Observatory. I derive an analytic expression for quantization errors. The MV-D1024E camera has adequate bit depth for which quantization error is not an issue. I show that this is not the case for all cameras, particularly those with deep wells and low read noise. The impact of nonlinearity and ADC errors on science observations of the K-coronagraph is analyzed using a simplified telescope model. Errors caused by the camera ADCs result in systematic errors in the measurement of the polarimetric signal of several times 10−9 B
⊙, which is about an order of magnitude above the desired sensitivity. I demonstrate a method for post-facto data correction using a lookup table and derive parameters from camera characterization measurements that were made with a lab setup. Nonlinearity is traditionally addressed with a global correction. I show through analysis of calibration data that for the MV-D1024E this correction leaves residual systematic errors after dark and gain correction of up to 1% of the signal. I demonstrate that a pixel-wise correction of nonlinearity reduces the errors to below 0.1%. These corrections are necessary for the K-coronagraph data products to meet the science requirements. They have been implemented in the instrument data acquisition system and data reduction pipeline. While no other instruments besides the K-coronagraph or cameras besides the MV-D1024E are discussed here, the results are illustrative for all instruments and cameras.
Taxonomic studies of Glochidion (Phyllanthaceae) from the Indo-China Peninsula (II): The identities of G. anamiticum and G. annamense
Authors: Yao Gang , Song Zhuqiu , Wu Youheng , Thanh Nguyen Thi Kim , Yuling Li , Shi Shi , Luo Shixiao
Published: December 2018

The names Glochidionanamiticum (Kuntze) Kuntze ex Merrill and G.annamense Beille were previously reduced to synonyms of G.eriocarpum Champ. ex Benth. However, literature examination and morphological comparison suggest that G.annamense is conspecific with G.anamiticum and the species can be readily distinguished from G.eriocarpum by its styles connate into a long cylindric column and up to 3 mm long, ovaries usually 3-locular, stigma usually 3-lobed, capsules pubescent and usually 6-grooved, persistent styles 3‒4 mm long. Thus, the specific status of G.anamiticum is here reinstated and G. annamense is treated as its synonym.
Gastrocopta armigerella (Reinhardt, 1877) and Gastrocopta theeli (Westerlund, 1877) in western Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan, and their further occurrence in Asia (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pupilloidea)
Authors: Meng Stefan , Bößneck Ulrich
Published: December 2018

Gastrocoptaarmigerella (Reinhardt, 1877) has been described from Japan and is widespread in the Far East and China. Surprisingly, a few occurrences in central and western Asia have also become known. Forcart (1935) found G.armigerella in northern Iran. The authors found evidence of G.armigerella in western Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan. The form from northern Tajikistan described by Schileyko (1984) as G.huttoniana agrees morphologically with G.armigerella as well. Gastrocoptahuttoniana is known from western India and the Himalayan region. The evidence of G.armigerella from central and western Asia has come thus far from drift material at the high water line in river floodplains which suggests that these are sub-fossil or fossil shells (Holocene or Pleistocene) which have been relocated. No living example of Gastrocopta has been found there as yet. Possibly the species is now extinct in this region. Gastrocoptatheeli (Westerlund, 1877) is the most widespread Gastrocopta in Eurasia. Its area ranges from the Caucasus to the Far East. The findings reported here are the first for this species in western Tien Shan.
Le « fantasme de coup de foudre »
Authors: Ciccone Albert
Published: December 2018

L’auteur discute les raisons liées à la croyance au coup de foudre, quelle que soit la réalité de ce phénomène, et propose la notion de « fantasme de coup de foudre ». Ces raisons concernent la valorisation du narcissisme, le traitement de la culpabilité, la construction d’un mythe des origines, l’entretien de la passion. L’auteur propose ensuite de considérer ce qui du coup de foudre est une réédition d’une expérience originaire, comme celle de l’impact de l’« objet esthétique » et du conflit « esthétique » que décrit Meltzer. Il pose enfin la question du rôle du coup de foudre dans la pérennité du couple.
L’anthropologue, le couple et la famille
Authors: Rosenblum Ouriel
Published: December 2018

L’auteur invite Maurice Godelier, anthropologue des rapports sociaux qui fabriquent les systèmes de parenté à partir de la filiation et du rapport entre les sexes, à éclairer les destins du couple et de la famille auxquels sont confrontés les thérapeutes dans leur pratique. Il interroge du même coup la place du couple comme socle de la famille, analyse à cet égard le rôle de l’imaginaire dans la construction des représentations sociales. Puis il tente de comprendre de quelle manière le politico-religieux assure la domination masculine dans la constitution du couple et de la famille. L’exemple des techniques de reproduction actuelles illustrera l’idée selon laquelle la sexualité, par nature asociale, est mise au service de la reproduction des rapports sociaux. Les transformations familiales contemporaines auxquelles font face les thérapeutes sont indissociables de l’évolution des couples et reproduisent sans cesse de nouvelles normes. Pour l’auteur, l’anthropologie offre une grille de lecture sur les logiques propres au rapport social, en complémentarité des ressorts de l’inconscient tant individuel, intersubjectif que groupal.
Un cadre malléable en TFP : une possibilité offerte aux couples parentaux en souffrance
Authors: Aubertel Françoise
Published: December 2018

La thérapie familiale psychanalytique est un soin de l’ensemble des liens souffrants dans la famille, alliance, filiation et fraternité. Proposer un cadre malléable mais rigoureux en recevant ceux qui se présentent, en particulier le couple parental, permet d’aborder les composantes transgénérationnelles des pathologies du lien d’alliance, souvent difficiles à atteindre en thérapie de couple. Cette option méthodologique ne se substitue pas à une thérapie de couple qui doit être conduite dans un cadre spécifique.
Couple et travail de contretransfert
Authors: Robert Philippe
Published: December 2018

Les réticences de Freud à l’égard du contretransfert sont connues. Ce point a été beaucoup travaillé par la suite dans des prises de position parfois très contrastées allant jusqu’à mettre le travail de contre-transfert au centre du processus analytique. Le couple n’est pas un groupe mais peut être entendu comme tel, notamment quant à ce qui se rejoue dans les alliances inconscientes. Le travail clinique avec les couples rencontre de façon particulière l’intimité du clinicien, le confrontant en même temps à l’actuel et à la répétition. À travers deux vignettes cliniques, cet article tente de montrer comment le travail de contre-transfert porte des avancées décisives en thérapie de couple.
Permanences et mutations dans les terroirs rizicoles de Basse-Casamance (Sénégal)
Authors: Sané Tidiane , Mering Catherine , Cormier-Salem Marie-Christine , Diedhiou Ibrahima , Ba Boubacar Demba , Diaw Amadou Tahirou , Tine Alfred Kouly
Published: December 2018

L’Afrique de l’Ouest subit, depuis plusieurs années, une dégradation des paysages agricoles. La forte variabilité climatique de ces dernières décennies est un des facteurs déterminants de ces transformations qui y sont observées. Les terroirs rizicoles de Basse-Casamance, emblématiques des « civilisations agraires » ouest-africaines, traduisent les dynamiques dans cette région. Ces espaces, aux nombreuses activités humaines, présentent de fortes contraintes naturelles et socio-économiques qui se répercutent sur les systèmes rizicoles. L’analyse des terroirs rizicoles, par une approche des paysages combinant données géospatiales et travaux de terrain, montre des dynamiques contrastées entre l’activité rizicole et son environnement socio-biophysique. Il ressort de l’analyse un recul des terroirs rizicoles en relation avec les changements globaux. La faiblesse de la main-d’œuvre se traduit par le manque d’entretien des digues de protection des parcelles rizicoles. L’analyse révèle ainsi l’existence de fortes interactions entre activités agricoles, écosystèmes exploités et environnement socio-économique.
Les agropasteurs sahéliens face aux changements socio-environnementaux : nouveaux enjeux, nouveaux risques, nouveaux axes de transhumance
Authors: Marega Oumar , Mering Catherine
Published: December 2018

Cet article traite de la situation actuelle et du devenir de l’agropastoralisme au Sahel. Y sont analysés les enjeux actuels et les défis que doit relever cette activité dans un contexte caractérisé par d’importants changements environnementaux et socio-économiques. Afin de cerner leurs perceptions et les représentations portant sur le climat et les ressources pastorales, les discours des éleveurs ont été recueillis et analysés à l’aide des statistiques textuelles. De nouvelles formes de compétition pour l’accès aux ressources dans la région ont ainsi pu être révélées et une cartographie des nouveaux axes de transhumance a été dressée à partir des dires d’acteurs. Les résultats de l’analyse textuelle de ces dires d’acteurs ont permis de mettre en lumière une importante reconfiguration de l’espace agropastoral sahélien.
Le mirage de l’évaluation du fonctionnaire dans l’administration espagnole du xix e siècle (1814-1868)
Authors: Luis Jean-Philippe
Published: December 2018

À partir des années 1820, l’Espagne connaît un processus de transformation de son administration fondé sur la conception d’un État autoritaire assimilé à son appareil administratif tout puissant. Outre les objectifs de rationalisation et de limitation des coûts de la fonction publique, les réformes adoptées voulaient aussi favoriser la figure de l’employé compétent et animé par le sens de l’État. Ceci conduisit à l’élaboration d’instruments de gestion des carrières de l’administration civile. Toutefois, ce réformisme entrait en contradiction avec l’héritage de la bureaucratie d’Ancien Régime, la culture du patronage et la politisation de l’administration. Dans un tel cadre, l’évaluation de l’employé ne fut jamais une réelle priorité.
L’enregistrement biométrique des « autres »
Authors: Perrot Sandrine , Owachi Gerald
Published: December 2018

En Ouganda, 15 000 personnes définies comme Maragoli n’ont pu obtenir leur carte d’identité lors de l’exercice d’enregistrement national des citoyens mis en œuvre en 2014. Originaires pour la plupart du Kenya, les Maragoli ne sont pas sur la liste des groupes dits « indigènes » reconnus par la Constitution de 1995. Cet article s’intéresse aux processus de négociation de l’indigénéité qui fonde la nationalité. Nous verrons que la revendication de citoyenneté des Maragoli s’accompagne de la construction continue d’un récit des origines et d’une revalidation de leur indigénéité à travers des (ré-)écritures bureaucratiques de soi, multiples et parfois contradictoires.
L’État à la lumière d’un formulaire
Authors: Montel Nathalie
Published: December 2018

En 1856, un formulaire fait son apparition au ministère des Travaux publics : la « feuille signalétique ». En prenant cet écrit bureaucratique pour objet d’étude, on se propose de saisir les évolutions d’une administration étatique du xix e siècle à travers un vestige matériel de son activité routinière et d’apporter une contribution à une histoire en friche, celle de l’État employeur. Après avoir resitué ce formulaire dans le temps long des pratiques administratives de notation, on revient sur les circonstances de son adoption et les enjeux associés à son usage. Au prisme de cette histoire, ce sont tout à la fois les possibilités offertes par l’imprimé dans le processus de construction de l’État, l’évolution des relations entre sphères gouvernementale et administrative et les aspirations à l’autogestion d’un corps de fonctionnaires divisé qui s’en trouvent mises au jour.
Quelles alternatives de participation dans les territoires de l’eau ?
Authors: Crémin Émilie , Linton Jamie , Mitroi Veronica , Deroubaix José-Frédéric , Jacquin Natacha
Published: December 2018

Cet article présente les idées principales et les contributions individuelles d’un dossier thématique portant sur les formes alternatives de participation à la démocratie dans les territoires de l’eau. La participation du public joue depuis les années 1960 un rôle dans la gestion de l’eau en France et ailleurs. Cependant, cette participation « institutionnalisée » présente des lacunes importantes, renforçant souvent les formes technocratiques de régulation des ressources en eau et des milieux aquatiques. Les formes de participation nouvelles et alternatives expérimentées (notamment par la pratique de la recherche participative, la promotion de la science participative, le développement de nouvelles techniques de jeu de rôles impliquant la gestion de l’eau, etc.) montrent comment les citoyens, en collaboration avec des chercheurs en sciences humaines, peuvent contribuer de manière novatrice à la gestion des territoires de l’eau et développer des pratiques alternatives de gestion de l’eau. Cette introduction propose donc une analyse critique des processus participatifs institutionnalisés et présente des approches alternatives de la participation, suggérant des possibilités pour leur hybridation potentielle.
Proximités et contrôles
Authors: Talbot Damien
Published: December 2018

Selon la littérature, si les proximités favorisent les interactions entre les acteurs, c’est parce qu’elles permettent l’échange généralement équilibré de connaissances, le partage apaisé de valeurs, de représentations et de règles. Nous soutenons que si les proximités favorisent les interactions, c’est aussi parce qu’elles en permettent le contrôle. Nous proposons un cadre théorique qui analyse les effets de contrôle des proximités. À partir des diverses dimensions de la proximité, deux effets de contrôles, formel et informel, sont mis à jour.
Proximités des acteurs de la relation d’emploi et arrangements locaux d’emploi et de travail en France
Authors: Rodet-Kroichvili Nathalie
Published: December 2018

Un nombre restreint de travaux examinent l’émergence et la dynamique des arrangements locaux d’emploi et de travail. Nous proposons un cadre d’analyse, à l’interface d’une approche institutionnaliste de la relation d’emploi et de celle proposée par l’économie de la proximité, pour comprendre la nature des interactions des acteurs de la relation d’emploi et l’influence des différents échelles spatiales de leurs interactions dans l’émergence et la dynamique de tels arrangements locaux. Cette grille de lecture théorique est appliquée à l’étude des interactions des acteurs de la relation d’emploi dans six bassins d’emploi automobile français, de façon à en tester l’opérationnalité.
Long-term Evaluation of Corneal Biomechanical Properties After Corneal Cross-linking for Keratoconus: A 4-Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Sedaghat Mohammad-Reza , Momeni-Moghaddam Hamed , Ambrósio Renato , Roberts Cynthia J. , Yekta Abbas-Ali , Danesh Zeynab , Reisdorf Sven , Khabazkhoob Mehdi , Heidari Hamid-Reza , Sadeghi Javad
Published: December 2018

PURPOSE:

To compare the long-term changes in corneal biomechanics, topography, and tomography before and 4 years after corneal cross-linking (CXL) with the Dresden protocol and correlate these changes with visual acuity.

METHODS:

In this longitudinal study, 18 eyes of 18 patients with progressive keratoconus who were treated with CXL were included. All patients received a standard ophthalmological examination and were examined by Placido disc–based topography, Scheimpflug tomography, and biomechanical assessments with the Corvis ST (OCULUS Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) and Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA; Reichert Ophthalmic Instruments, Buffalo, NY) before and 4 years after CXL. The main outcome measures were dynamic corneal response (DCR) parameters obtained from the Corvis ST, corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), visual acuity, refraction, corneal curvature, and corneal thickness.

RESULTS:

There were no significant differences in mean visual acuity, refraction, intraocular pressure, corneal topography, corneal astigmatism in both corneal surfaces, maximum keratometry, corneal thickness at apical and thinnest points, thickness profile indices, corneal volume, and specular microscopy before and 4 years after CXL (
P
> .05). Significant changes were observed in many DCR parameters, including radius at highest concavity and integrated inverse radius, both of which were consistent with stiffening. The CH and CRF values after CXL were not statistically significant. The new parameters using the Corvis ST include integrated inverse concave radius, which showed a significant decrease 1.07 ± 0.93 mm
−1
, consistent with stiffening. The corneal stiffness parameter at the first applanation, Ambrósio's Relational Thickness to the horizontal profile, deformation amplitude ratio, and Corvis Biomechanical Index as a combined biomechanical screening parameter did not show significant changes.

CONCLUSIONS:

CXL is a minimally invasive treatment option to prevent keratoconus progression over 4 years. Pressure-derived biomechanical parameters obtained from the ORA did not show any change following CXL at 4 years of follow-up, whereas the Corvis ST DCR parameters detected changes in corneal biomechanical properties.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2018;34(12):849–856.]
Suction Stability Management in SMILE: Development of a Decision Tree for Managing Eye Movements and Suction Loss
Authors: Reinstein Dan Z. , Archer Timothy J. , Vida Ryan S. , Carp Glenn I.
Published: December 2018

PURPOSE:

To develop a comprehensive protocol for suction stability management during small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).

METHODS:

This was a retrospective video review of all SMILE cases where suction loss occurred or eye movement was noted in the medical record. The different types of eye movement were collated. A suction stability grading scale was derived to represent the magnitude of eye movements. A decision tree protocol was developed to define the management in each scenario depending on the suction stability grading and the femtosecond laser cutting progress.

RESULTS:

Eight types of eye movement were identified: fixation light tracking, Bell's reflex, saccades, oscillations, anxiety/uncooperative patient, nociceptive reflex movement, false suction, and nystagmus. Type I eye movements were defined as small movements that shift the corneal position by a clinically negligible amount. The surgeon may want to pause the femtosecond laser cutting, regain control of the patient, then continue. Type II eye movements were defined as large movements that shift the corneal position by a clinically relevant amount, in which case the surgeon may choose to release suction (ie, a surgeon-initiated suction loss). Type III eye movements were defined as those with sufficient force to break suction (ie, a patient-generated suction loss). A comprehensive decision tree was developed to cover all possible eye movement and suction loss scenarios. Example scenarios outside the preprogrammed machine restart treatment module include converting to laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) if there was tracking of the interface and restarting SMILE with a thinner cap if the original cap thickness was 135
μ
m or greater.

CONCLUSIONS:

With appropriate management, it is possible for the SMILE procedure to be completed on the same day by either continuing with SMILE or converting to LASIK depending on the progress of the femtosecond laser cutting.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2018;34(12):809–816.]
Anuario de Estudios Americanos, plataforma internacional del americanismo
Authors: Vila Vilar Enriqueta
Published: December 2018

Este trabajo pretende ser un resumen-homenaje a Anuario de Estudios Americanos en el 75.º aniversario de su fundación. Se examina el espíritu que guió a sus promotores, en una época difícil, a lanzar una revista que acogiera los estudios americanistas de amplia tradición en Sevilla desde la anterior centuria, y se señalan las principales líneas de investigación, así como los grandes autores que escribieron en sus páginas. Se destacan los nombres de los que formaron el primer consejo editorial y los que ostentaron el cargo de directores o secretarios de la publicación, además de destacar a cuatro grandes americanistas como ejemplo de todos los demás.
Nuevos tiempos, nuevos retos historiográficos: «Historia de América» como programa europeo en el Anuario de Estudios Americanos de Sevilla
Authors: Pietschmann Horst
Published: December 2018

Hasta los años 1930 la historia colonial de Hispanoamérica era en gran medida objeto de la geografía. Nuevas revistas distribuyendo resultados de investigación de archivos centrales como el Archivo General de Indias de Sevilla contribuyeron a convertir la «Historia de América» en disciplina histórica propiamente dicha. El Anuario de Estudios Americanos, revista fundada en 1944 en Sevilla, tuvo un impacto central en este proceso, el cual un testigo trata de destacar y analizar en este artículo.
Cristóbal Colón en el Anuario de Estudios Americanos
Authors: Varela Consuelo
Published: December 2018

Se recogen en este trabajo las aportaciones hechas por los mejores especialistas de cada momento sobre diferentes aspectos de la vida y obra de Cristóbal Colón, su familia, su acción descubridora y la evolución de su imagen a lo largo del tiempo, que se publicaron en los setenta y cinco primeros volúmenes del Anuario de Estudios Americanos.
El comercio colonial español de la Carrera de Indias: historiografía y método en el análisis de una estrategia de redes
Authors: Crespo Solana Ana
Published: December 2018

Este ensayo, más que un estado de la cuestión exhaustivo, trata de exponer en líneas generales cuál ha sido la evolución de los estudios de redes mercantiles en el ámbito del comercio entre España y América durante los siglos XVI al XVIII. Se trata de apuntar aquellos marcos teóricos más sobresalientes partiendo de los estudios sobre familias de mercaderes y agentes, y resaltando los logros metodológicos y las posibilidades futuras de esta línea de investigación.
La revista Anuario de Estudios Americanos analizada desde las bases de datos documentales: evolución temática, distribución de la autoría e impacto
Authors: Rodríguez Yunta Luis
Published: December 2018

Se realiza un análisis de la revista Anuario de Estudios Americanos en el contexto de las publicaciones españolas de Historia de América. El estudio se basa en su presencia en bases de datos documentales y en los datos que pueden extraerse de ÍnDICEs-CSIC, Web of Science y Scopus. Se valora la evolución temática, la distribución de la autoría y el impacto de esta revista en comparación con otros títulos de la disciplina.
Enhancing Study Abroad Participation and Choices of Destination at Community Colleges
Authors: Amani Monija , Kim Mikyong Minsun
Published: December 2018

This chapter addresses the findings of a multilayered study regarding perceptions of study abroad coordinators and students related to community college students' decisions to engage in global programs abroad and the factors that motivate their selection of a destination. In-depth interviews of study abroad program coordinators and students from three community colleges located in urban, suburban, and rural areas provided rich and diverse perspectives regarding students' access and engagement in study abroad programs and the reasons that affect their choices of destinations. Findings showed synchronicity and alignment between the study abroad coordinators' and students' perspectives. However, study abroad coordinators revealed that institutional administrators or leaders who have established connections with certain destinations influence program and destination offerings, which in turn broadens or limits students' selection of study abroad choices. Discussions and implications related to community college students, faculty, institutional leaders, and policymakers provide insight on how to make study abroad more accessible to community college students and expand their choice of destination.
Low-Cost Initiatives for Expanding Study Abroad Opportunities
Authors: Gephart Drew Allen
Published: December 2018

Community colleges without a budget strictly allocated to study abroad programs need to be creative in how they expand opportunities for their students. This chapter will focus on the strategies developed by the Peralta Community College District's Office of International Education to develop a stronger study abroad program with limited resources and staffing. After the Peralta Colleges committed to the Institute of International Education's Generation Study Abroad initiative in 2014, it created new study abroad programs, organized annual study abroad fairs, was awarded a scholarship of $7,500, created new promotional materials and an administrative procedure, launched a new website and newsletter, organized financial aid workshops and professional development day presentations for faculty, and opened a study abroad scholarship through its foundation. The chapter will share how other colleges can learn from these efforts and institutionalize study abroad on their campuses.
Peacebuilding as a Means to Global Citizenry
Authors: Smith David J.
Published: December 2018

The objective of this chapter is to illustrate approaches that can be used by community colleges to promote both global knowledge and global engagement—often taking the form of education abroad—using peacebuilding means. To make the case, examples and models from several U.S. community colleges will be shared. Examples from community colleges from throughout the country are given.
Utilizing a National Association to Increase Access to Education Abroad
Authors: Kreitinger Jayme , Corsi Tanith Fowler
Published: December 2018

Today, community colleges seek to internationalize amid an environment of widespread internal budget cuts and restricted resources. It has become increasingly common for community colleges to incorporate a global mission into their strategic plan despite current economic realities dictating that funding get allocated to priority projects such as student enrollment and academics before they reach international activities. A common misperception is that international education is a costly endeavor that has the potential to put a strain on the institutional budget. In reality, international education operations can be set up to be self-supporting and generate revenue for the institution through strategic study abroad pricing models. This chapter constructs a scenario to explore how community colleges can do more with less to expand their international agenda while navigating a climate of internal budget constraints and institutional downsizing.
Doctoral Platforms and Apps for Professional Development and Student Support
Authors: James E. Alana
Published: December 2018

Using the experience derived across multiple universities, this chapter endeavors to discuss how ICT can play a role in the larger evolution of higher education, as well as with helping doctoral students complete their research and writing requirements. Practitioner research underpins the discussion of two rounds of research centered on ICTs role in equalizing disparity in financial and social capital between students and taking those solutions to scale. The first round (2012 – present) focuses on the ICT suite of services as they develop, and the second (2015 – present) investigates how, and in what ways, the interdependence between the Deans' office and the subscription business play a part in student adoption and usage. The findings suggest that a willingness to develop interdependent solutions between ICT developers and postgraduate studies will be instrumental in bringing services for doctoral students to scale.
A Framework for E-Mentoring in Doctoral Education
Authors: Kumar Swapna , Johnson Melissa L. , Dogan Nihan , Coe Catherine
Published: December 2018

The upward trend in online graduate degrees, the mobility of graduate students, and the increase in the number of dissertations completed at a distance from universities poses several challenges for faculty who supervise research virtually, students being mentored virtually, and institutions invested in the quality of doctoral education. At the same time, emerging communication technologies present new opportunities for mentoring approaches that build upon those used in traditional on-campus environments. Based on qualitative research with 29 graduates who completed their dissertations at a distance, this chapter presents a framework for the e-mentoring of research and dissertations that encompasses strategies and support at the institutional, mentor, small group, and mentee levels.
The Use of ICT in Researcher Development
Authors: Hopkins Sam , Henslee Erin A. , Duke Dawn C.
Published: December 2018

This chapter provides a case study highlighting the importance of ICT use in researcher development, exploring both training pedagogy and ICT skill development, utilizing the authors' experience of managing and delivering ICT-based researcher development across a wide range of disciplines for researchers, including part-time and distance researchers who conduct their research away from campus. Participant feedback and examples of best practice will be highlighted alongside potential challenges to encourage readers to confidently utilize a wide variety of ICT in order to create innovative researcher development material to best support the next generation of researchers.
Collaboration on Public Programming by Memory Institutions in Botswana
Authors: Mosweu Olefhile
Published: December 2018

Public memory institutions such as libraries, archives and museums (LAMs) are mandated to preserve the cultural and documentary heritage of their nations for posterity. Such preservation is not an end in itself but the means to make holdings in their care, regardless of format, accessible to the public. However, studies have revealed that although LAMs are annually funded and they may also have rich accessible collections, they are underutilised and generally invisible. Funding from national coffers has dwindled since the global economic recession and the LAMs experience difficulties in attracting and retaining users. This chapter seeks to determine strategies deployed by LAMs to increase usage of their collections, establish the benefits of LAMs public programming and highlight challenges encountered in public programming. Also described in this chapter are some factors to consider when memory institutions undertake public programming initiatives in a collaborative manner. The data collected through desktop research was analysed using content analysis.
Use of Public Programming Strategies in Promoting Access to Documentary Heritage at Zimbabwe National Archives
Authors: Chaterera Forget , Rodrigues Antonio
Published: December 2018

Archival institutions have a potential to transform the socioeconomic and political development of a people. It is therefore critical for them to be visible and accessible. To this effect, public programming emerges as a critical archival function performed by archivists to enhance the visibility and utilisation of archives. Through a grounded theory research approach, this study established that the National Archives of Zimbabwe (NAZ) performs a plethora of public programming activities to improve the visibility of the institution in the public domain. The potential of public programming activities to improve the utilisation of the archives at NAZ was found wanting as the institution lacked a planned schedule of outreach activities. This explains why visits to the research room were dwindling, hence the need for archivists to be proactive in reaching out to the people. The purpose of this chapter is to demonstrate public programming as the cornerstone to achieving better recognition and subsequent use of documentary heritage.
Use of Social Media Platforms for Increased Access and Visibility by the Botswana National Archives and Records Services
Authors: Mosweu Tshepho Lydia
Published: December 2018

This chapter discusses the use of social media platforms for increased access and visibility by the Botswana National Archives and Records Services (BNARS). A qualitative research approach is used to illuminate efforts to use social media for marketing archival services by BNARS, and to closely analyze the benefits and challenges embedded in the use of social media for marketing and outreach by archival institutions. This chapter also draws inferences from the study and proffers recommendations. Primary data was collected through interviews of archivists who manage BNARS social media pages while secondary data was derived from documentary and content analysis. The study reveals that while BNARS was visible to users and potential users online, the legal and policy framework was found to be lacking. Challenges associated with the use of social media pertained to issues of privacy, security, data management as well as policy and the legal framework. The chapter adds literature on advocacy, promotion, and public programming by archival institutions in the digital era.
Customer Advocates
Authors: Law Margaret Zelman
Published: December 2018

Libraries grow in uncertain financial, political and cultural environments. Advocacy is essential to ensure that they get the support they need from the communities in which they operate. Advocates, those who speak out on behalf of the library, are an essential factor in the success of the organization. This article explores the possibilities of developing library users into advocates, based on a relationship marketing model. It uses customer service as the primary tool for developing trusting relationships with users so that they are willing to speak on behalf of the library. Adding the issue of reputation and advocacy as strategic outcomes of customer service requires a different way of thinking and planning. The article concludes with a call for more investigation in this area.
Promoting Library Services in a Digital Environment in Zimbabwe
Authors: Chiparausha Blessing , Chigwada Josiline Phiri
Published: December 2018

This chapter documents the strategies that are employed by librarians in promoting library and information services in Zimbabwe. The study also sought to ascertain the perceptions of librarians towards promoting library service in Zimbabwe in a digital environment and assess the challenges faced by librarians when promoting library and information services in Zimbabwe in a digital environment. A study was done, and the participants were drawn from academics, the public, schools, and special libraries. An online questionnaire was posted on Survey Monkey and librarians were invited to participate from the Zimbabwe Library Association social media platforms. Data was analysed thematically using the objectives of the study. It was discovered that despite facing a number of challenges when promoting library and information services, participants were using various strategies to promote their services. The authors recommend continuing professional development of librarians to effectively deliver their services in a digital environment.
(Un)Liberated and Contested Narratives
Authors: Ndhlovu Bongani C
Published: December 2018

This chapter analyses the influence of the state in shaping museum narratives, especially in a liberated society such as South Africa. It argues that while the notion of social cohesion and nation building is an ideal that many South African museums should strive for, the technocratisation of museum processes has to a degree led to a disregard of the public sphere as a space of open engagement. Secondly, the chapter also looks at the net-effect of museums professionals and boards in the development of their narrative. It argues that due to the nature of their expertise and interests, and the focus on their areas of specialisation, museums may hardly claim to be representative of the many voices they ought to represent. As such, the chapter explores contestations in museum spaces. It partly does so by exploring the notion “free-spokenness” and its limits in museum spaces. To amplify its argument, the chapter uses some exhibitions that generated critical engagements from Iziko Museums of South Africa.
The Voortrekker Monument as Memory Institution
Authors: Antonites Annie R , Nel Johan
Published: December 2018

The Voortrekker Monument has been a central memory institution for Afrikaners since its conception in the 1930s. Built to commemorate 19th century white settlers moving into the interior, the Monument has for many years been appropriated by different groups for various purposes, including as an Afrikaner Nationalist symbol. Since the early 1990s, the Monument has made a concerted effort to change established perceptions and stigmas. The Monument's registration as a Section 21 Non-Profit Company in 1993 and declaration as National Heritage Site in 2011 were accompanied by a shift in focus from a political character to one where its aesthetic architectural heritage and tourism values are celebrated. These changes in character enabled and drove the expansion of the Voortrekker Monument heritage site as a memory institution. This chapter discusses the continued success of the Monument post-1994 as a national memory institution through the diversification of its visitors and programmes.
Structural Coverage Analysis Methods
Authors: Patel Parnasi Retasbhai , Bhatt Chintan M.
Published: December 2018

Structural coverage analysis for any code is a very common approach to measure the quality of any test suit. Structural coverage determines which structure of the software or which portion is not exercised. This chapter describes two different phases to achieve structural coverage analysis using DO-178B/C standards. Statement coverage is the very basic coverage criteria which involves execution of all the executable statements in the source code at least once. Analysis of structural coverage can be done by capturing the amount of code that is covered by the airborne software. The first phase contains the instrumentation procedure which instruments the source code at execution time, and the second phase is generating a report that specifies which portion of source code is executed and which one is not in the form of a percentage.
Tools for the Learning of Programming Languages and Paradigms
Authors: Pérez-Juárez María A. , Antón-Rodríguez Míriam , Jiménez-Gómez María I. , Díaz-Pernas Francisco J. , Martínez-Zarzuela Mario , González-Ortega David
Published: December 2018

The learning of programming languages and paradigms is complex and requires a lot of training. For this reason, it is very important to detect students' main problems and needs to be able to provide professors with tools that help students to overcome those problems and difficulties. One type of tool that can be used for this purpose is the code validator. This chapter explores the possibilities and impact of using different tools and strategies for learning programming languages and paradigms. To achieve this goal, the authors have conducted a comprehensive search of relevant scientific literature that has been complemented with their experience using a JavaScript code validator and exercises module integrated into the e-learning platform Moodle, with university students during a web programming course.
Evaluating the Refactoring Index Using Entropy Approach
Authors: Sehgal Rajni , Mehrotra Deepti
Published: December 2018

Software often carries the structural deficiencies that make it hard to understand, change, or test; these deficiencies are categorized as a code smell. This code smell affects the performance of software adversely, thereby increase need of maintainability. Refactoring of code helps in reducing the code smell. But refactoring is an expensive process and hence identifies which and how much code need to refactor a challenging task and is termed as refactoring index. In this chapter, entropy approach is proposed to measure the refactoring index of 20 open source software programs. Refactoring index level is given to identify the critical project which urgently required refactoring in order to improve the quality of the project.
RESTful Web Services Development With a Model-Driven Engineering Approach
Authors: Gonçalves Rafael Corveira da Cruz , Azevedo Isabel
Published: December 2018

A RESTful web service implementation requires following the constrains inherent to REST architectural style, which, being a non-trivial task, often leads to solutions that do not fulfill those requirements properly. Model-driven techniques have been proposed to improve the development of complex applications. In model-driven software development, software is not implemented manually based on informal descriptions but partially or completely generated from formal models derived from metamodels. A model-driven approach, materialized in a domain specific language that integrates the OpenAPI specification, an emerging standard for describing REST services, allows developers to use a design first approach in the web service development process, focusing in the definition of resources and their relationships, leaving the repetitive code production process to the automation provided by model-driven engineering techniques. The code generation process covers the entire web-service flow from the description and exposure of the endpoints to the definition of database tables.
Women Entrepreneurship
Authors: Patil Prachita A. , Deshpande Yogesh M.
Published: December 2018

According to the National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO), not more than 14% of business establishments are run by female entrepreneurs in India, especially in rural areas. Entrepreneurship is not an easy step for women. It was traditionally considered as a man's bastion, but now with the due course of time, women are coming in the limelight to fulfil their aspiration as it is a fruitful opportunity where educated or illiterates can do wonders to achieve their dreams. Entrepreneurship is the state of mind which every woman has in her but has not been capitalized in India in a way it should have been. With the drastic change in modernization, people are more comfortable to accept the leading role of women in society, with some exceptions.