bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photocatalytic Degradation of Levofloxacin by Cu doped TiO2 under Visible LED Light
Authors: Varma K.S.
Published: April 2021

Degradation performance of Cu-TiO2 photocatalytic materials against a widely used antibiotic drug levofloxacin (LFX) was investigated under visible LED light source of 40 W. Cu-TiO2 (0.25-1.0 wt%) nanomaterials are prepared through reverse micelle mediated modified sol-gel method. Characterization of synthesized Cu-TiO2 samples are performed by XRD, UV-Vis, and DLS techniques. The doping of 0.5 wt% copper in TiO2 shown lower crystallite size (5.79 nm) and visible light absorption characteristics with energy band gap of 2.84 eV. 0.5 wt% Cu-TiO2 photocatalyst has shown significant LFX degradation of 75.5% with catalyst loading of 1 g/L and initial pollutant concentration of 50 mg/L.
Transparent Conducting Electrodes for Optoelectronic Devices: State-of-the-art and Perspectives
Authors: Ray A.
Published: April 2021

This chapter brings a concise review of the transparent conducting materials, films and electrodes (TCM, TCF and TCE, respectively), its state-of-the-art and outlooks ahead. Initial part of the chapter gives a general introduction of the topic, followed by a feasible road map as proposed and collated by the authors based on several other reviews. Fundamental physics behind the transparent conductors is discussed in the latter part. Established and potential oxide based TCMs, namely the transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) are reviewed which are being used commercially and will see application in the near future. Non-conventional TCMs, which are mostly non-TCOs, such as graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNT), metallic nanowires (MNWs) and their hybrids are described in brief. Scalability and large area fabrication which are most important concerns for commercialization of TCMs are discussed. The general prospects are given at the end.
Reasons and Hindrances of the Community Leaders in Releasing Stocked Persons with Mental Problems in Southern East Sulawesi
Authors: Patawari Abdul , Wihastuti Titin Andri , Muslihah Nurul , Astari Asti Melani , Utami Yulian Wiji
Published: April 2021

Undertaking stock punishment is an action to immobilized individuals that suffer mental health disorders. It is mostly done by placing woods on individuals' ankles. They are designed to restrict the patients' movements and made from wooden bars. The patients are chained or locked in a special room. A community leader, as the leader of certain people, has important roles in undertaking the stocks. It is done by considering various reasons based on the constructed understanding and emerging assumptions in the middle of society. This research aims to explore the reasons and hindrances of the community leader in releasing the stocks undertaken on individuals with mental health disorders. The applied research method is qualitative research with an interpretative phenomenology. 7 participants were selected by using purposive sampling. Then, an analysis was carried out by the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The findings dealing with the reasons for the community leader to undertake the stocks consisted of two themes. They dealt with the administered medication to recover individuals with mental health disorders and to protect them, their families, and society. Meanwhile, the hindrances of the community leader in discharging or releasing the punishment dealt with the difficulty to get psychiatric service. The conclusions are the stocks reasons deal with a lack of the community leader's understanding to care for the individuals with mental health disorders and the necessity of active participation of medical officers. Thus, the people could obtain maximum psychiatric service
The Nurses' Experience in Providing Health Care for Criminals in General Hospital
Authors: Wirmando Wirmando , Astari Asti Melani , Yuliatun Laily
Published: April 2021

Providing health care for criminals is very complex, stressful, and challenging for the general hospital nurses who are usually not habituated to treat them. The nurses are required to keep their caring and professional work. Providing health care for criminals puts the nurses into a risky working environment. They are susceptible to physical and psychological aggressions that can influence their practices and their applied nursing care quality. The objective of this research is to explore the general hospital nurses' experience in providing health care for the criminals. This is qualitative method research with a phenomenological approach. The data collection was done by a deep interview for 10 nurses. The applied data analysis is the Interpretative Analysis Phenomenology (IPA). The six themes found in the research are: 1) feeling discomfort in working, 2) experiencing emotional conflict, 3) working in an unsafe environment, 4) having difficulties in creating a therapeutic relationship, 5) unnatural caring emergence, and 6) not wanting the police officers to get involved in treating the patients. The security and emotional feeling factors of the nurses become the greatest challenges. They make the nurses difficult to create a therapeutic relationship and lead to unnatural caring committed by the nurses. Therefore, it is important for the nurses to internalize and reflect sincere caring as the essential principles in the nursing profession. Thus, it can reach the objectives of nursing, service equality, and patient recovery.
Effects of Propolis Extract Supplementation during Pregnancy on Stress Oxidative and Pregnancy Outcome: Levels of Malondialdehyde, 8-Oxo-2â€²-Deoxogunosine, Maternal Body Weight, and Number of Fetuses
Authors: Wibowo Joko Wahyu , Fasitasari Minidian , Zulaikhah Siti Thomas
Published: April 2021

Oxidative stress is related to pregnancy complications that could increase maternal and infant mortality. This study aimed to determine the effect of propolis extract supplementation during pregnancy on oxidative stress level and pregnancy outcomes utilizing Malonedealdehyde (MDA) and 8-Oxo-2â€²-Deoxogunosine (8-OHdG) levels, maternal body weight, and the average number of fetuses as the parameters. The study was conducted by using a posttest only control group design on 24 pregnant Wistar rats, which were divided into four groups. Group I was control, Group II-IV were the treatment groups given propolis extract of 1.8mg, 3.6mg, and 7.2mg/200gBW/day, respectively. The standard feed given was AIN93G dose of 20g/day and distilled water ad libitum. Propolis extract was given using a gastric feeding tube every morning for 20 days. At the end of the treatment, body weight was meisured and blood collected for assessed MDA and 8-OHdG levelsÂ  by ELISA methodÂ  and then we performed abdominal surgery to count number of fetuses. The result are there were decreasing level of MDA and 8-OHDG by administration of propolis significantly (p<0.05) group: I: 2,04Â±0,091, II: 1,55Â±0,067, III: 1,05Â±0,176, IV: 0,73Â±0,075 (mmol/mL) (p=0.001); 8 OHdG level (ng/mL) group I: 10,02Â±0,403, II: 8,60Â±0,078, III: 7,89Â±0,051, IV: 7,53Â±0,063 (p=0,001). Average of maternal body weight (g) were increased: group I: 228,33Â±3,93, II: 237,17Â±4,36, III: 244,83Â±4,02, IV: 248,00Â±5,76 (p=0,001) and Average number of fetuses tend to increased as well, group I : 8,5Â±0,05, II: 7,8Â±0,41, III: 9,5Â±1,05, IV: 9,6Â±0,52 (p=0,02). The conclusion of this research are supplementation of propolis extract in pregnant rats can reduce oxidative stress and improve pregnancy outcomes.
Therapeutic Challenges in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patient with Pregnancy, Osteoporosis, and Severe Thrombocytopenia: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Ratnaningtyas Yosefin , Rahman Perdana Aditya
Published: April 2021

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease that requires long-term corticosteroid treatment that may lead to osteoporosis characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of the trabecular and cortical skeletal. This study presents a severe case of thrombocytopenia in a 25-year old woman with SLE and osteoporosis who underwent routine therapy and was pregnant for the first time. The complexity of pregnancy and autoimmune conditions create therapeutic challenges that need to be considered in SLE patients with pregnancy, osteoporosis, and severe thrombocytopenia.
Risk Factors of Urethro-cutaneous Fistula Development in Hypospadias Surgery
Authors: Permana Wien , Tarmono Tarmono , Renaldo Johan
Published: April 2021

Urethrocutaneous fistula development is the most common complication found hypospadias surgery. Several factors associated with the incidence of fistulas are the age at the time the surgery. The type of hypospadias, the degree of chordae, the operative technique applied and catheter type. This study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with the urethro-cutaneous fistula development in hypospadias surgery. The results showed that from 310 hypospadias patients undergoing urethroplasty, urethra cutaneous fistula development occurred among 105 patients (30.6%) with a mean age of surgery 10.89+6.27 years. Hypospadias type has a significant difference with the incidence of urethro-cutaneous fistula development (p = 0.027). Age (p = 0.615), degree of chordae (P=0.805), operative technique (P=0.901) and catheter type (P=691) do not have a significant impact to urethro-cutaneous fistula development. It can be concluded that operative urethroplasty has a risk of urethra-cutaneous fistula that associated with hypospadias type.
(M)othering Labeled Children
Authors: Cioè-Peña María
Published: April 2021

This book explores the experiences and identities of minoritized Latinx mothers who are raising a child who is labeled as both an emergent bilingual and dis/abled. It showcases relationships between families and schools and reveals the ways in which school-based decisions regarding disability, language and academic placement impact family dynamics.
Разрушение пленки золота при моделировании процесса лазерной биопечати
Authors: Жигарьков В.С. , Минаев Н.В. , Юсупов В.И.
Published: April 2021

Laser printing with gel microdroplets is a promising method for biotechnology and medicine. During printing, a nanosecond laser pulse is absorbed in a thin metal film of a donor substrate with a covered gel layer, which leads to its heating, partial destruction of the film, and transfer of a gel microdroplet to the acceptor substrate. In this work, the dynamics of destruction of a film with a thickness of 50 nm is studied. It is shown that when threshold is exceeded, the gold film peels off from the glass plate. A further increase in the laser fluence occurs to the formation of a orifice in the film. The results obtained are of interest for improving the technology of laser bioprinting.
Направление диффузионного потока галлия при осаждении на поверхность с регулярными массивами отверстий
Authors: Дубровский В.Г.
Published: April 2021

Self-catalyzed growth of GaAs and GaP nanowires by molecular beam epitaxy is often performed on processed SiOx/Si(111) substrates with regular arrays of lithographically defined holes. Ga droplets form in the holes during Ga pre-deposition step in the absence of As supply. It was considered evident that the Ga diffusion flux in such a process is directed from the oxide surface into the holes. Here, we show that it is not always true and that the diffusion flux can change its direction depending on the growth conditions. Our model can be useful for modeling the incubation and growth times of group III droplets within the holes and explains long nucleation delays of the droplets.
Diagnóstico serológico y molecular del coronavirus felino en las américas
Authors: Valencia G Alida Carolina , Delgado-Villamizar Karen , Ruiz-Saenz Julian
Published: April 2021

Desde su descubrimiento por Holzworth en el año 1962, el estudio del Coronavirus Felino (FCoV) ha sido de gran interés ya que este puede afectar a felinos domésticos y silvestres. Actualmente se conocen 2 serotipos, el tipo I que es único de felinos y el tipo II que nace de una doble recombinación homóloga con un coronavirus canino (CCoV); estos a su vez pueden dividirse en 2 biotipos, los virus que generan enfermedades entéricas leves (FECVs) y los que causan la peritonitis infecciosa felina (FIPVs). En el continente americano existen distintos métodos diagnósticos que permiten en conjunto detectar la peritonitis infecciosa felina (FIP), pero la identificación del FCoV solo se puede hacer por métodos moleculares. Los países que más han estudiado este virus son aquellos que cuentan con una mayor cantidad de herramientas para realizar las pruebas diagnósticas como lo son Estados Unidos, Canadá y Brasil. En el presente trabajo se exhiben los reportes de casos y los métodos diagnósticos usados para identificar el coronavirus felino y/o sus biotipos en algunos países del continente americano.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Digital Technology Interventions to Reduce Loneliness in Older Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Shah Syed Ghulam Sarwar , Nogueras David , van Woerden Hugo Cornelis , Kiparoglou Vasiliki
Published: April 2021

Background

Loneliness is a serious public health issue, and its burden is increasing in many countries. Loneliness affects social, physical, and mental health, and it is associated with multimorbidity and premature mortality. In addition to social interventions, a range of digital technology interventions (DTIs) are being used to tackle loneliness. However, there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of DTIs in reducing loneliness, especially in adults. The effectiveness of DTIs in reducing loneliness needs to be systematically assessed.

Objective

The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of DTIs in reducing loneliness in older adults.

Methods

We conducted electronic searches in PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, and Web of Science for empirical studies published in English from January 1, 2010, to July 31, 2019. The study selection criteria included interventional studies that used any type of DTIs to reduce loneliness in adults (aged ≥18 years) with a minimum intervention duration of 3 months and follow-up measurements at least 3 months after the intervention. Two researchers independently screened articles and extracted data using the PICO (participant, intervention, comparator, and outcome) framework. The primary outcome measure was loneliness. Loneliness scores in both the intervention and control groups at baseline and at follow-up at 3, 4, 6, and 12 months after the intervention were extracted. Data were analyzed via narrative synthesis and meta-analysis using RevMan (The Cochrane Collaboration) software.

Results

A total of 6 studies were selected from 4939 screened articles. These studies included 1 before and after study and 5 clinical trials (4 randomized clinical trials and 1 quasi-experimental study). All of these studies enrolled a total of 646 participants (men: n=154, 23.8%; women: n=427, 66.1%; no gender information: n=65, 10.1%) with an average age of 73-78 years (SD 6-11). Five clinical trials were included in the meta-analysis, and by using the random effects model, standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated for each trial and pooled across studies at the 3-, 4-, and 6-month follow-ups. The overall effect estimates showed no statistically significant difference in the effectiveness of DTIs compared with that of usual care or non-DTIs at follow-up at 3 months (SMD 0.02; 95% CI −0.36 to 0.40; P=.92), 4 months (SMD −1.11; 95% CI −2.60 to 0.38; P=.14), and 6 months (SMD −0.11; 95% CI −0.54 to 0.32; P=.61). The quality of evidence was very low to moderate in these trials.

Conclusions

Our meta-analysis shows no evidence supporting the effectiveness of DTIs in reducing loneliness in older adults. Future research may consider randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes and longer durations for both the interventions and follow-ups.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032455
Health Care Cybersecurity Challenges and Solutions Under the Climate of COVID-19: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: He Ying , Aliyu Aliyu , Evans Mark , Luo Cunjin
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

COVID-19 has challenged the resilience of the health care information system, which has affected our ability to achieve the global goal of health and well-being. The pandemic has resulted in a number of recent cyberattacks on hospitals, pharmaceutical companies, the US Department of Health and Human Services, the World Health Organization and its partners, and others.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this review was to identify key cybersecurity challenges, solutions adapted by the health sector, and areas of improvement needed to counteract the recent increases in cyberattacks (eg, phishing campaigns and ransomware attacks), which have been used by attackers to exploit vulnerabilities in technology and people introduced through changes to working practices in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS

A scoping review was conducted by searching two major scientific databases (PubMed and Scopus) using the search formula “(covid OR healthcare) AND cybersecurity.” Reports, news articles, and industry white papers were also included if they were related directly to previously published works, or if they were the only available sources at the time of writing. Only articles in English published in the last decade were included (ie, 2011-2020) in order to focus on current issues, challenges, and solutions.

RESULTS

We identified 9 main challenges in cybersecurity, 11 key solutions that health care organizations adapted to address these challenges, and 4 key areas that need to be strengthened in terms of cybersecurity capacity in the health sector. We also found that the most prominent and significant methods of cyberattacks that occurred during the pandemic were related to phishing, ransomware, distributed denial-of-service attacks, and malware.

CONCLUSIONS

 This scoping review identified the most impactful methods of cyberattacks that targeted the health sector during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the challenges in cybersecurity, solutions, and areas in need of improvement. We provided useful insights to the health sector on cybersecurity issues during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as other epidemics or pandemics that may materialize in the future.

CLINICALTRIAL
Patient recommendations for content and design for electronic return of genetic test results: An interview study among patients who accessed their genetic test results online (Preprint)
Authors: Korngiebel Diane M , West Kathleen McGlone
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

Genetic test results will be increasingly made available electronically as more patient-facing tools are developed; however, little research has been done that collects patient preferences for content and design before creating results templates.

OBJECTIVE

This study identifies patient preferences for electronic return of genetic test results, including what considerations should be prioritized for content and design.

METHODS

Following User-Centered Design methods, 59 interviews were conducted using semi-structured protocols. The interviews explored content and design issues for patient portal results return for patients who received electronic results for specific types of genetic tests (pharmacogenomic, hereditary blood disorders, and positive and negative risk results for heritable cancers) or who had electronically received any type of genetic test result as well as a non-genetic test result.

RESULTS

In general, a majority of participants felt that there always needed to be some clinician involvement in electronic results return and that electronic coversheets with simple summaries would be helpful for facilitating that. Coversheet summaries could accompany, but not replace, the more detailed report. Participants had specific suggestions for those results summaries, such as only reporting the information that was most important for patients to understand, including next steps, and to do so using clear language free of medical jargon. Electronic results return should also include explicit encouragement for patients to contact providers with questions. Finally, many participants preferred to manage their care using their smartphones, particularly in instances where they needed to access health information on the go.

CONCLUSIONS

Participants recommended that a patient-friendly front section accompany the more detailed report and made suggestions for organization, content, and wording. Many used their smartphones regularly to access test results, therefore, health systems and patient portal software vendors should accommodate smartphone application design and web portal design concomitantly when developing results return platforms.

CLINICALTRIAL

N/A
Analyzing Evidence on Interventions to Strengthen the Clinical Support for Midwifery Students in Clinical Placements: Protocol for a Systematic Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Amod Hafaza , Mkhize Sipho Wellington , Muraraneza Claudine
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

The benefits of clinical support are evident in various mentorship, preceptorship, or clinical supervision models. Poor collaboration between lecturers and clinical staff, lack of confidence about student support, large student intakes coupled with core demands create negative attitudes toward student supervision, and this poses a huge challenge to midwifery students who are expected to become competent in the process.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to identify and analyze interventions, strategies, and/or mechanisms in order to strengthen the clinical support for midwifery students in clinical practice areas from a global perspective.

METHODS

This review will follow the Arksey and O’Malley framework (2005). The search strategy will include primary studies searched for in electronic databases such as EBSCOhost (CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Health Source: Nursing/Academic edition), PubMed, Google, and Google Scholar. Keywords such as “midwifery students,” “midwifery education,” and “clinical support” will be used to search for related articles. The search will include articles from the cited by search, as well as citations from the reference list of included articles. All title-screened articles will be exported to an EndNote library, and duplicate studies will be removed. Two independent reviewers will concurrently carry out the abstract and full-text article screening according to the eligibility criteria. Extracted data will highlight the aims, geographical setting, and level of training; intervention outcomes; and the most relevant and most significant findings. This review will also include a mixed methods quality appraisal check. A narrative summary of data extracted will be analyzed using content analysis.

RESULTS

Interventions to strengthen the clinical support for midwifery students in practice will be extracted from this review, and data will be analyzed and extracted to develop a comprehensive guide or framework for clinical mentorship. As of August 2021, the electronic search, the data extraction, and the analysis have been completed. The results paper is expected to be published within the next 6 months.

CONCLUSIONS

It is expected that this review will contribute to midwifery education by identifying quality evidence on clinical support interventions available to midwifery students globally, as well as best practice methods, procedures, or interventions that can be used to develop a midwifery mentorship training program.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/29707
Kepatuhan Penggunaan Obat pada Komunitas Pasien Lanjut Usia Dengan Penyakit Kronis di Kecamatan Muntilan Jawa Tengah
Authors: Wikan Emerentiana , Rahmawati Fita , Wahab Izyan Abdul
Published: April 2021

Pasien lanjut usia dengan penyakit kronis yang mendapatkan terapi jangka panjang, memiliki risiko lebih tinggi untuk tidak patuh. Kepatuhan mempunyai arti penting untuk memastikan manfaat terapeutik diterima oleh pasien. Namun, kepatuhan terhadap obat selalu menjadi masalah, terutama di kalangan orang tua. Pasien lanjut usia dengan komorbiditas multipel, memiliki risiko ketidakpatuhan yang lebih tinggi karena mereka menerima lebih dari satu macam obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tingkat kepatuhan pengobatan pada pasien lanjut usia dengan penyakit kronis. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional observasional yang dilakukan selama bulan April - Juni 2019. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara purposive sampling yang melibatkan 182 pasien lanjut usia suku Jawa di Kecamatan Muntilan, Jawa Tengah. Metode pill count digunakan untuk mengukur kepatuhan pasien. Pasien dengan tingkat kepatuhan rata-rata < 80 % dikategorikan sebagai tidak patuh. Hubungan antara faktor pasien lanjut usia dengan tingkat kepatuhan minum obat dianalisis menggunakan regresi sederhana. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh tingkat kepatuhan pasien lanjut usia terhadap terapi penyakit kronis dikategorikan tidak patuh dengan rata-rata 65,53 % ± 26,86%, sementara faktor demografis dan faktor klinik lainnya dari pasien lanjut usia tidak terkait. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah kepatuhan minum obat pada pasien usia lanjut suku Jawa dikategorikan tidak patuh.
Efektivitas Dan Keamanan Furosemid Continuous Infusion Dosis 10 dan 20 Mg/Jam pada Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronik Kondisi Fluid Overload Syndrome Disertai Hipoalbumin di RSUD Abdul Wahab Sjahranie
Authors: Setiadi Diga Albrian
Published: April 2021

Furosemid continuous infusion merupakan obat pilihan pertama dalam mengatasi kondisi Fluid overload syndrome disertai hipoalbumin pada pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronik (PGK). Namun pada kondisi tersebut, dosis furosemid yang digunakan oleh para klinisi yakni antara 10 dan 20 mg/jam. Belum ada penelitian yang membandingkan efektivitas dan keamanan furosemid dosis yang berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi efektivitas dan keamanan furosemid dosis 10 dan 20 mg/jam yang diberikan secara continuous infusion pada pasien PGK dengan kondisi fluid overload syndrome disertai hipoalbumin. Metode penelitian Single blind, Randomized Clinical Trial yang dilakukan selama periode bulan Februari-April 2017 di ruang rawat inap RSUD Abdul Wahab Sjahranie. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan uji analisis statistik yaitu uji parametrik Two Independent T Test untuk data yang terdistribusi normal dan yang tidak saling berkolerasi, sedangkan untuk data yang terdistribusi tidak normal dan yang tidak saling berkolerasi maka digunakan uji non-parametrik Mann Whitney dan Kruskal Willis. Outcome yang diteliti adalah volume urin tampung 24 jam, sesak napas, lama pemakaian oksigen, ronkhi dan keamanan terapi yang dilihat dari efek samping obat (hipotensi, hiperuricemia, hiperglikemia, hiponatremia, hipokalemia). Hasil penelitian, sebanyak 34 pasien PGK dengan kondisi fluid overload syndrome disertai hipoalbumin (2,5-3,0 g/dL) telah didaftarkan. Pada efektivitas terapi, tidak ada perbedaan secara signifikan pada volume urin tampung 24 jam (P=0,324; P>0,05; 95% CI=714,6-1017,8 ml kelompok 1; CI=818,0-1113,2 ml kelompok 2), sesak napas (P=0,781; P>0,05; 95% CI=0,68-1,32 kelompok 1; CI=0,72-1,40 kelompok 2), lama pemakaian oksigen (P=0,363; P>0,05; 95% CI=1,34-2,66 hari kelompok 1; CI=1,72-3,10 hari kelompok 2), ronkhi (P=0,692; P>0,05) dan tidak adanya kejadian efek samping obat (P=1,000; P>0,05) antara dua kelompok tersebut. Kesimpulan, furosemid dosis 10 dan 20 mg/jam memiliki efektivitas terapi yang sama dan furosemid memiliki kemanan terapi yang baik pada pasien PGK dengan kondisi fluid overload syndrome disertai hipoalbuminemia.
Analisis Distribusi Apotek Berdasar Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian Melalui Sistem Informasi Geografis
Authors: Dahbul Nura Ali , Yasin Nanang Munif , Lazuardi Lutfan
Published: April 2021

Apotek sebagai fasilitas kesehatan primer yang menjangkau seluruh lapisan masyarakat. Faktor lokasi apotek berperan dalam kualitas pelayanan dan keberlangsungan bisnis apotek. Tujuan penelitian adalah memberikan gambaran mengenai profil distribusi apotek melalui sistem informasi geografis dari segi aksesibilitas masyarakat dalam pelayanan apotek berdasar standar WHO dan Kemenkes serta evaluasi standar pelayanan kefarmasian apotek sesuai permenkes no 73 tahun 2016.Penelitian ini berupa cross-sectional menggunakan analisis deskriptif non eksperimental secara kuantitatif. Pengumpulan data nama dan lokasi apotek melalui PC IAI Kota dan Kabupaten Pekalongan dan Dinas Kesehatan Kota dan Kabupaten Pekalongan. Data geografi dan jumlah penduduk serta tingkat kepadatan penduduk diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik Kota dan Kabupaten Pekalongan. Analisis distribusi apotek melalui sistem informasi geografis diperoleh melalui visualisasi terhadap peta persebaran apotek di Kota dan Kabupaten Pekalongan, hasil yang diperoleh belum merata di seluruh wilayah Pekalongan. Ada kecamatan yang belum ada apotek dan banyak apotek yang terkonsentrasi pada titik tertentu di pusat kota, dekat rumah sakit dan dekat pasar. Analisa aksesibilitas pelayanan apotek dengan perhitungan rasio antara jumlah apotek dengan jumlah penduduk di setiap kecamatan di Kota dan Kabupaten Pekalongan dibandingkan dengan standar WHO dan Kemenkes yaitu 1:2000 apoteker, diperoleh hasil hanya lima kecamatan yang memenuhi syarat Kemenkes.Evaluasi penerapan Permenkes no 73 tahun 2016 tentang prosedur pelayanan kefarmasian terdiri dari pengelolaan sediaan farmasi dan pelayanan farmasi klinis. Analisis data kuantitatif dilakukan menggunakan skala Guttman. Kemudian dibagi tiga kategori yaitu baik (81-100%), cukup (61-80%), dan kurang (20-60%). Hasil penelitian diperoleh rerata tingkat pengelolaan obat 75,04 % pada apotek kota dan 70,06% apotek kabupaten Pekalongan, pelayanan farmasi klinis 55,32% apotek kota Pekalongan dan 57,45% di wilayah kabupaten Pekalongan, pengelolaan SDM 82,36% wilayah kota Pekalongan dan 78,57% wilayah kabupaten Pekalongan. Sarana dan prasarana kota Pekalongan 67,66% dan 66,51% di kabupaten Pekalongan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa tingkat penerapan standar pelayanan kefarmasian di apotek termasuk dalam kategori cukup, namun pelayanan farmasi klinis tergolong kategori kurang.
Consideraciones sobre el sistema geotérmico de San Bartolomé de los Baños, Guanajuato (México), desde un análisis de la alteración hidrotermal y las inclusiones fluidas
Authors: Canet Carles , Rodríguez-Díaz Augusto A. , Bernal Indra Daniela , Pi Teresa , Sánchez-Córdova María M. , Núñez-Useche Fernando , Villanueva-Estrada Ruth , Molina Gabriel , Reich Martin , Peláez Berenice , Jiménez Salgado Esteban , González-Partida Eduardo , Sandoval Medina Fernando , Carrillo-Sánchez Cinthya B.
Published: April 2021

La zona geotérmica de San Bartolomé de los Baños, al SE del estado de Guanajuato (México), contiene alrededor de 150 manifestaciones termales, con temperaturas de descarga de hasta 92 °C y pH de 6.0?9.2. Los manantiales termales y las zonas de alteración hidrotermal asociadas se distribuyen a lo largo de la falla de San Bartolomé, de dirección N?S y ~100 m de desplazamiento. Esta falla corta una secuencia volcánica calcoalcalina del Mioceno superior, que consiste en una unidad piroclástica basal sobreyacida por lavas basálticas. Se identificaron tres tipos de alteración hidrotermal (en superficie): (a) silicificación; (b) argílica; y (c) argílica avanzada. Otros productos de la actividad hidrotermal son: (d) sínter silícico; (e) geyserita rica en sílice y sulfatos; y (f) vetillas de cuarzo, calcita, fluorita y barita. Mediante microtermometría se analizaron inclusiones fluidas en las vetillas, obteniéndose temperaturas de homogenización (Th) entre 62 y 139 °C (moda: ~110 °C), y salinidades entre 2.4 y 10.4 % (en peso equivalente de NaCl). Los valores de Th y de salinidad muestran una correspondencia que sugiere un proceso de dilución del fluido hidrotermal con agua meteórica superficial, lo cual debe ocurrir a profundidades de hasta 50 m. Las alteraciones superficiales indican temperaturas del fluido de ~100 °C y pH moderadamente ácido, mientras que el sínter silícico sugiere que la temperatura del reservorio debe ser >200 °C. La alteración hidrotermal y las manifestaciones geotérmicas están espacialmente confinadas al trazado de la falla de San Bartolomé; esto, aunado a la ausencia aparente de vulcanismo reciente, indica que el sistema geotérmico es de tipo convectivo controlado por fallas.
Carta de los editores
Authors: Reinoso Angulo Eduardo , Iglesias Mendoza Arturo
Published: April 2021

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The recognition of the remnants of the Royal Road of the interior land using highresolution multispectral satellite images
Authors: Lira Jorge
Published: April 2021

The Spaniards built the Royal Road of the Interior Land in the colonial times of Mexico. Such a road ranged between Mexico City and Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA. Some remnants still survive in Mexico, but their geographic location, position, length and condition are not well known. By means of fieldwork and a search of historic records left by the Spaniards, three segments of the Royal Road were identified. Three high-resolution multispectral images from the Pleiades satellite were acquired. Such images cover three zones where the Royal Road segments were located, and fieldwork was carried out. Due to degradation, the segments of the Royal Road show a low contrast with respect to the surroundings but a distinctive texture. A procedure of enhancement and sharpening was applied to the images based on the Vector Laplacian operator and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Such a procedure enhances the texture and the edges of the Royal Road segments. An RGB false color composite formed by the Laplacian operator, the first principal component, and band 4, produced an image where the Royal Road segments are clearly observed. By means of fieldwork, the geographic coordinates and condition of the Royal Road segments were identified.
Africentric Education Leadership: Theory and Practice
Authors: Shockley Kmt G.
Published: April 2021

This article unveils the largely unknown theories and practices of “cultural reattachment Africentric education leaders,” because many people of African descent are now choosing to reattach (in whole or in part) to aspects of certain African cultures (such as Wolof or Akan). The article offers a brief background of African-centered education, discusses the theories and philosophies of Africentric education leaders, and explicates the methodology of this Africentric research project. Africentric education leaders are concerned about black communities becoming more avaricious but less unified; therefore, they offer African cultural ethos to combat both miseducation and individualism. This article also provides policy recommendations for instituting Africentric education as a comprehensive approach to address myriad problems being faced by black children and communities. In this research I advocate for Africentric theory and also employ ethnographic methods as I examine Africentric education practice.
A Study of Counselors' Legal Challenges and Their Perceptions of Their Ability to Respond
Authors: Hermann Mary A , Leggett Debra Gail , Remley, Jr. Theodore P.
Published: April 2021

The authors explore the results of a study that assessed the types and frequency of legal issues encountered by counselors and counselors’ perceptions of their ability to respond to these issues. They also assessed whether the participants’ perceptions were related to practice setting, years of experience, completion of a course in ethics, recent completion of continuing education in ethics or legal issues, state licensure status, certification by the National Board of Certified Counselors (NBCC), and highest degree earned. Results demonstrate that counselors feel most prepared to deal with situations encountered most often, but that school counselors do not feel as prepared to face most ethical and legal issues.
Testing the Testing: Validity of a State Growth Model
Authors: Brown Kim Trask
Published: April 2021

Possible threats to the validity of North Carolina’s accountability model used to predict academic growth were investigated in two ways: the state’s regression equations were replicated but updated to utilize current testing data and not that from years past as in the state’s current model; and the updated equations were expanded to include additional socioeconomic, financial, and demographic variables. The updated equations were found to explain a very low proportion of the variance in growth statewide, with R2 values ranging from .054 to .135. This suggests that the state’s model is extremely unpredictive of academic growth. The expanded equations were found to offer almost twice as much predictive power as the updated equations and, hence, the state’s model.
Trends in Technology Planning and Funding in Florida K-12 Schools
Authors: Ritzhaupt Albert , Hohlfeld Tina , Barron Ann E
Published: April 2021

This empirical research investigates trends in technology planning and funding in Florida’s K–12 public schools between the 2003–04 and 2005–06 academic years. Survey items that focused on funding and planning issues on Florida’s statewide school technology integration survey were analyzed using logistic models. Results indicate a significant increase in the number of schools revising their technology plans on a regular basis; a significant increase in the frequency with which Florida’s K–12 public schools are seeking funding for technology-related initiatives; a significant increase in parent, administrator, teacher, and student involvement in the technology planning process; and a significant decline in adequate funding for software and hardware needs. In addition, schools with low proportions of economically disadvantaged students sought and were awarded significantly more funds from donations and federal and state grants. Implications for educational leadership and policy are provided.
Short-term dynamics of leaf litter-derived soil organic carbon under different coffee and cocoa cropping systems
Authors: Prastowo Erwin , Mukaromah Laily
Published: April 2021

Litter plays a crucial role in the formation of soil organic carbon (SOC), and potentially affects different pools in the context of soil carbon cycle. To improve knowledge and understanding with respect to the dynamics of carbon in coffee and cocoa cropping systems, there is a need to develop a mechanistic model to explain the formation of carbon especially in different background of soil, climate and agronomic management. Short-term observation was performed in different cropping systems, i.e. coffee (Coff) and cocoa (CoL) with lamtoro(Leucaena sp.) shade trees, and cocoa with oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) shade trees (CoP), and teak (Tectona grandis) conservation area, to investigate the quantitative amount of leaf litter-derived carbon. Additionally, to improve the understanding with respect to the formation of soil organic carbon, a simple model is developed by employing organic carbon storage coefficient (hi) as parameter to validate the observation data from Coff and CoL plots. Leaf litter is collected daily with concomitant microclimate records, i.e. air temperature, relative humidity, light intensity, and soil temperature. Composite soil and leaf samples are collected for organic carbon, soil moisture content, and leaf relative water content (RWC), for laboratory identification. Analysis of data suggests the presence of cropping system effect, i.e. shading condition and agronomical practices such as pruning, to microclimate variations except for soil temperature. Furthermore, cropping systems do not significantly influence soil moisture content, amount of organic carbon, and RWC. With higher model efficiency (EF), the simulated model fits better for CoL, EF 0.95, than Coff, EF 0.58. Model simulation, with both hi values are 0.017 and 0.014 in Coff and CoL, reveals a possibly cropping system specific curve pattern. A faster SOC formation in Coff plot has suggested a crucial role the amount of leaf litter to support with continuous carbon supply. The simulation implies the presence of soil related-maximum point limiting carbon storage capacity
Pengaruh Komponen Neraca Air Terhadap Produktivitas Kelapa Sawit pada Berbagai Jenis Tanah:: Studi Kasus Kalimantan Tengah dan Barat
Authors: Ardiyanto Adhy , Murtilaksono Kukuh , Dwi Wahjunie Enni , Sutandi Atang
Published: April 2021

Perbedaan jenis tanah dan letak geografis kebun kelapa sawit menyebabkan variasi sifat fisik tanah (terutama tekstur dan porositasnya).  Perbedaan letak geografis juga menyebabkan variasi jumlah curah hujan yang mempengaruhi neraca air lahan. Respons fluktuasi produksi kelapa sawit yang berbeda akibat variasi jenis tanah dan neraca air lahan dapat dikaji dengan analisis hubungan neraca air lahan dan produktivitas kelapa sawit antar jenis tanah dan antar wilayah. Pada penelitian ini, analisis neraca air lahan dilakukan pada tiga lokasi area perkebunan kelapa sawit PT Bumitama Gunajaya Agro yang berada di provinsi Kalimantan Tengah dan Kalimantan Barat, menggunakan metode Thornthwaite-Mather. Analisis hubungan komponen neraca air dengan produksi TBS kelapa sawit dihitung berdasarkan data bulanan selama 8 tahun (2012 – 2019) menggunakan time series analysis dan untuk mencari model regresi terbaik digunakan stepwise regression.  Komponen neraca air yang paling mempengaruhi produksi tandan buah segar (TBS) kelapa sawit (ton/ha/bulan) adalah curah hujan 7 bulan sebelum panen, hari hujan 11 dan 28 bulan sebelum panen, dan defisit air 10 bulan sebelum panen.  Penurunan produksi TBS (ton/ha/bulan) terjadi setiap ada kenaikan defisit air senilai 10 mm/bulan pada tanah Dystrudept, Paleudults dan Haplohumods di Area 3 berturut-turut adalah 11, 2, dan 3%. Pada Area 5 penurunannya adalah 12, 4, dan 5%. Pada Area 6 penurunannya adalah 5, 18 dan 3%.
DETERMINATION OF THE CRITERIA OF DEFORMATION IN A SPECIAL LIMITING STATE
Authors: Trekin Nikolay , Kodysh Emil , Shmakov Sergey , Terekhov Tere , Kudyakov Konstantin
Published: April 2021

Constructive measures taken to ensure the integrity of the entire building or its part in emergency situations with design based on the existing criteria of the limiting state method leads to a significantincrease of the construction cost. One of the ways to reduce additional costs of construction while the protection design against progressive collapse is the possible use of additional reserves of deformability of load-bearing elements. It leads to redistribution of loads and the use of non-destroyed structures. It also leads to possible changes of limiting states in non-standard emergency design situations, taking into account the peculiarities of the operation of structures in a special limiting state at a stage close to destruction. In the GOST 27751-2014 «Reliability for constructions and foundations. General principles» calculated states of the firstand second groups of limiting states are given, and for a special limiting state only the area of its permissible application is indicated. The work of reinforced concrete structures at the stage close to the depletion of the load-bearing capacity is little reflectedin the scientificand technical literature; the work of reinforced concrete structures at the unloading stage due to the redistribution of forces is represented in single publications. The article presents theoretical studies based on experimental data on the deformation of bent reinforced concrete beam elements at a stage close to the maximum load-bearing capacity and at the stage of unloading up to the transformation of a structural element into a mechanism. The influenceof the longitudinal reinforcement, the class of reinforcement, prestressing and the concrete strength on the deformation of reinforced concrete bending elements is considered in the article. The research of the behavior of structural elements continuation at this stage is relevant and contributes to the development of economical and rational design solutions for protection against progressive collapse and in the design of earthquake-resistant buildings.
CALCULATION MODEL OF A COMPLEX-STRESSED REINFORCED CONCRETE ELEMENT UNDER TORSION WITH BENDING
Authors: Karpenko Nikolay , Kolchunov Vladimir , Kolchunov Vitaly , Travush Vladimir
Published: April 2021

The article presents the methodology and principles of creating calculation models for reinforced concrete structures operating in conditions of complex resistance. A block calculation model of reinforced concrete bar structures in torsion with bending is presented. This model consists of a support block formed by a spatial crack and a compressed zone of concrete closed on it and a second block formed by a vertical section running perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of a reinforced concrete element along the edge of the compressed zone closing the spatial spiral. Cases are considered when the torque effec has the greatest influenceon the stress-strain state of structures. In this case, the following forces are taken into account as the calculated forces in the spatial section: normal and tangential forces in the concrete of the compressed zone; components of axial and shear forces in the reinforcement crossed by a spatial crack. A feature of the proposed calculation model is that it considers independently of each other the strength of an element in spatial sections passing along a spatial crack, and the strength of an element between spatial cracks. The spatial section is formed by a crack located on three sides of the element and a compressed zone located on the fourth side and closing the ends of the spiral crack. In this case, the compressed zone, depending on the ratio of the bending and torque moments, can be located along the horizontal and vertical (lateral) edges of the element. The governing equations are written in the form of static equations for the adopted calculation cross-sections and a closed-loop system that unites them, written as a function of many variables with Lagrange multipliers λi. On the basis of the constructed function for all the variables included in it, an additional non-decaying system of equations has been compiled, from which follows a dependence that allows finding the projecton of a dangerous spatial crack.
RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF RHS STEEL TRUSSES JOINTS BASED ON THE P-BOXES APPROACH
Authors: Soloveva Anastasia , Solovev Sergey
Published: April 2021

Reliability is one of the main indicators of structural elements mechanical safety. The choice of stochastic models is an important task in reliability analysis for describing the variability of random variables with aleatory and epistemic uncertainty. The article proposes a method for the reliability analysis of RHS (rectangular hollow sections) steel truss joints based on p-boxes approach. The p-boxes consist of two boundary distribution functions that create an area of possible distribution functions of a random variable. The using of p-boxes make possible to model random variables without making unreasonable assumptions about the exact cumulative distribution functions (CDF) or the exact values of the CDF parameters. The developed approach allows to give an interval estimate of the non-failure probability of the truss joints, which is necessary for a comprehensive (system) reliability analysis of the entire truss.