bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Total Synthesis of (+)‐Cylindramide A.
Authors: Hart Amy C. , Phillips Andrew J.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Marinomycins A—D, Antitumor‐Antibiotics of a New Structure Class from a Marine Actinomycete of the Recently Discovered Genus “Marinispora”.
Authors: Kwon Hak Cheol , Kauffman Christopher A. , Jensen Paul R. , Fenical William
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A New Approach to Synthesis of Questiomycin A: Oxidative Cyclocondensation of ortho‐Aminophenol.
Authors: Giurg M. , Wiech E. , Piekielska K. , Gebala M. , Mlochowski J. , Wolanski M. , Ditkowski B. , Peczynska‐Czoch W.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Novel and Stereocontrolled Asymmetric Synthesis of a New Naturally Occurring Styryllactone, (+)‐Cardiobutanolide.
Authors: Matsuura Daisuke , Takabe Kunihiko , Yoda Hidemi
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of (S)‐Plakolide A and Revision of the Absolute Stereochemistry of the Natural (‐)‐Plakolide A.
Authors: Kanayama Masaru , Nishiwaki Keiji , Matsuo Keizo
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Synthesis of Floresolide B and Δ6,7‐Z‐Floresolide B.
Authors: Nicolaou K. C. , Xu Hao
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Do Ion Tethered Functional Groups Affect IL Solvent Properties? The Case of Sulfoxides and Sulfones.
Authors: Sharma Nawal K. , Tickell Morgan D. , Anderson Jared L. , Kaar Joel , Pino Veronica , Wicker Benjamin F. , Armstrong Daniel W. , Davis James H. Jr. , Russell Alan J.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chromium‐Containing Ordered Nanoporous Materials
Authors: Selvam P.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Anionic Properties of Polyoxotungstates
Authors: Tajima Yutaka
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Application of High Magnetic Fields in Materials Processing
Authors: Asai S.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Heterocyclic Chemistry of Sulfur Chlorides — Fast Ways to Complex Heterocycles.
Authors: Garcia‐Valverde Maria , Torroba Tomas
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Transition Metal Catalyzed Oxidative Functionalization of Carbon—Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Dick Allison R. , Sanford Melanie S.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Amino‐ and Diaminoconduritols and Their Applications
Authors: Lysek Robert , Vogel Pierre
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Aldol Reactions within the RNA World
Authors: Rueping Magnus
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Reactivity—Selectivity Principle: An Imperishable Myth in Organic Chemistry
Authors: Mayr Herbert , Ofial Armin R.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselective Addition of Organozinc Reagents to Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Yus Miguel , Ramon Diego J.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Chiral Phosphorus Ligands with Spirobiindan Backbone for Asymmetric Hydrogenations
Authors: Xie Jian‐Hua , Zhu Shou‐Fei , Fu Yu , Hu Ai‐Guo , Zhou Qi‐Lin
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Alkylperoxy Sulfonic Acids: Thermostability and Oxidizing Properties
Authors: Safiullin R. L. , Zaripov R. N. , Enikeeva L. R.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nitroso Oxides: Their Properties and Role in Photochemistry
Authors: Zelentsov Sergei V. , Zelentsova Nadezda V.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Oxidation and Reduction
Authors: Banerji K. K.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Zirconium Promenade — An Efficient Tool in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Marek Ilan , Chinkov Nicka , Levin Anat
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones and Their Derivatives
Authors: Murray B. A.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Metal—Ligand Bifunctional Catalysis for Asymmetric Hydrogenation
Authors: Noyori Ryoji , Sandoval Christian A. , Muniz Kilian , Ohkuma Takeshi
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Scale‐Up of Microwave‐Assisted Organic Synthesis
Authors: Roberts Brett A. , Strauss Christopher R.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Timesavings Associated with Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis: A Quantitative Approach
Authors: Sarko Christopher R.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Carbocationic Cyclopropanation Using Tin
Authors: Yoshida Jun‐ichi
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthetic Methodology Using Tertiary Phosphines as Nucleophilic Catalysts
Authors: Lu Xiyan , Du Yishu , Lu Cheng
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Olefin Metathesis
Authors: Grubbs Robert H. , Trnka Tina M.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reactions of Carboxylic, Phosphoric, and Sulfonic Acids and Their Derivatives
Authors: Bedford C. T.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Phosphate Mimic of Nucleotides, Conformational Influences on the Ribofuranose Conformations
Authors: Gautier Arnaud
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cyclodextrins as Supramolecular Hosts for Organometallic Complexes
Authors: Hapiot F. , Tilloy S. , Monflier E.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cyclodextrin Rotaxanes and Polyrotaxanes
Authors: Wenz Gerhard , Han Bao‐Hang , Mueller Axel
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Macrolactonizations in the Total Synthesis of Natural Products
Authors: Parenty A. , Moreau X. , Campagne J.‐M.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Vinylic Tellurides: From Preparation to Their Applicability in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Zeni Gilson , Luedtke Diogo S. , Panatieri Rodrigo B. , Braga Antonio L.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chemistry of Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Tasis Dimitrios , Tagmatarchis Nikos , Bianco Alberto , Prato Maurizio
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Selective Organic Synthesis Based on Controlled Cleavage of Carbon—Metal Bond
Authors: Oshima Koichiro
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Development of Enantioselective Fluorination Reaction and Its Application to the Synthesis of Biologically Active Compounds
Authors: Shibata Norio
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Poison Frog Alkaloids: Novel, Potent and Subtype‐Selective Blockers of Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors
Authors: Toyooka Naoki , Nemoto Hideo , Tsuneki Hiroshi
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Progress in the Pursuit of Therapeutic Adenosine Receptor Antagonists
Authors: Moro Stefano , Gao Zhan‐Guo , Jacobson Kenneth A. , Spalluto Giampiero
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Molecular Activity of Sirolimus and Its Possible Application in Tuberous Sclerosis Treatment
Authors: Jozwiak Jaroslaw , Jozwiak Sergiusz , Oldak Monika
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Endogenous Cannabinoid Receptor Ligands—Anandamide and 2‐Arachidonoylglycerol
Authors: Waku Keizo
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Functionally‐Substituted Alkoxyethylenes in Reactions with Nucleophiles. Part 2. Synthesis of Noncyclic Structures, Benzene Derivatives, 5‐, 7‐Membered, and Macroheterocycles
Authors: Dyachenko V. D. , Tkachev R. P.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Developments in Stereoselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylations of Preformed Enolates
Authors: Braun Manfred , Meier Thorsten
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Pseudoproline Dipeptides in Fmoc Solid‐Phase Peptide Synthesis
Authors: Doerner Barbara , Steinauer Rene , Barthelemy Sophie , White Peter D.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Application of Novel Sugar Chain Molecular Probe “Glycan‐MTX”
Authors: Totani Kiichiro , Ito Yukishige
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Rational Design of DNA Nanoarchitectures
Authors: Feldkamp Udo , Niemeyer Christof M.
Published: May 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Interconversion and tissue distribution of pentoxifylline and lisofylline in mice
Authors: Wyska Elżbieta , Pȩkala Elżbieta , Szymura‐Oleksiak Joanna
Published: May 2006

The aim of this study was to assess the interconversion pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of pentoxifylline and the active (R)‐enantiomer of its metabolite M1, lisofylline in male CD‐1 mice. Both compounds were administered intravenously at a dose of 50 mg/kg on two separate occasions. Serum and tissues were collected at different time points following drug administration. In addition, the (S)‐enantiomer of M1 was administered to a group of mice and serum samples were obtained. Analyte concentrations were measured by chiral HPLC. All serum concentration versus time data were fitted simultaneously to a pharmacokinetic model incorporating interconversion processes of parent drug and metabolites. The estimated conversion clearance of (−)‐(R)‐M1 to pentoxifylline (CL21) was six times greater than that for the reverse process (CL12). The interconversion of pentoxifylline and (+)‐(S)‐M1 was faster as reflected by the values of conversion clearances CL13and CL31which were approximately 16 and 7 times greater in comparison with the corresponding clearances for the interconversion of pentoxifylline and (−)‐(R)‐M1. When fitting pharmacokinetic data of both parent compounds to a one‐compartment model, the values of elimination clearances assessed were close to those obtained on the basis of the interconversion model. After administration of pentoxifylline, tissue‐to‐serum AUC ratios ranged from 0.1 for liver and lungs to 0.32 for brain tissue. Serum levels of its metabolite, (−)‐(R)‐M1 were very low, whereas its tissue levels exceeded serum concentrations. The highest value of metabolite‐to‐parent AUC ratio (4.98) was observed in lungs. When (−)‐(R)‐M1 was given as a parent drug, tissue‐to‐serum AUC ratios in liver, kidney, and lungs were very close and ranged from 0.64 to 0.72. At the same time, levels of its metabolite, pentoxifylline were relatively low both in serum and all tissues studied. In consequence, metabolite‐to‐parent AUC ratios did not exceed the value of 0.27. In conclusion, reversible metabolism plays a modest role in the disposition of pentoxifylline and (−)‐(R)‐M1. It seems that pentoxifylline has less favourable pharmacokinetic properties than (−)‐(R)‐M1 due to lower concentrations attained in target organs. High levels of (−)‐(R)‐M1 observed after pentoxifylline administration in certain tissues such as liver or lungs suggest that pentoxifylline may constitute an effective prodrug for (−)‐(R)‐M1 in these organs. Chirality, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chiral Recognition of D‐Kyotorphin by Lipidic Membranes: Relevance Toward Improved Analgesic Efficiency
Authors: Lopes Sílvia C. D. N. , Fedorov Alexandre , Castanho Miguel A. R. B.
Published: May 2006

D‐Kyotorphin (D‐KTP), the most potent isomer of the endorphin‐like dipeptide kyotorphin (KTP), is a good drug candidate for the treatment of chronic pain and is thought to be involved in receptor‐mediated processes. According to the “membrane catalysis” model, ligands interact with membrane lipids to attain high local concentrations in the receptor vicinity and to adopt the necessary conformation for docking. Therefore, the interaction and recognition of D‐KTP by membranes is potentially important to its increased analgesic effect. In spite of the neutral net charge of D‐KTP at pH 7.4, fluorescence spectroscopy reveals that the interaction with large unilamellar vesicles is more extensive than was observed for KTP. The tyrosine residue interacts extensively with rigid membranes, with a location and well‐defined orientation in the bilayer. This suggests not only that D‐KTP meets the structural constraints needed for receptor–ligand interaction in a manner similar to that of KTP, but also that the stronger membrane interaction and ability to discriminate rigid membrane domains might contribute to its improved analgesic effect.
High‐dose cytosine arabinoside in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Kern Wolfgang , Estey Elihu H.
Published: May 2006

BACKGROUND

The use of high‐dose cytosine arabinoside (HDAraC) during induction may improve outcomes in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) compared with standard‐dose AraC (SDAraC). The objective of this review was to assess the impact of HDAraC during induction therapy for patients with AML based on results from randomized trials.

METHODS

All randomized trials in the field were identified by using a predefined search strategy. Trials that assessed the impact of HDAraC compared with SDAraC as induction therapy for adult patients with AML in a randomized fashion and that reported the relevant endpoints were included. Data were extracted from each trial by both reviewers according to prespecified criteria.

RESULTS

No differences between HDAraC and SDAraC were found with regard to complete remission rates (relative risk, 1.00; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.92‐1.10). The weighted mean difference (WMD) for median recurrence‐free survival (RFS) was 4.19 in favor of HDAraC (95% CI, 0.59‐7.78; P = .02). The WMD for 4‐year RFS was 10.98 in favor of HDAraC (95% CI, 1.02‐20.94; P = .03). The WMD for median overall survival (OS) was − 0.22 for HDAraC compared with SDAraC (95% CI, − 2.76‐2.32; P = .9). Data regarding the median OS was heterogeneous between studies (chi‐square P = .00), with 2 studies in favor of HDAraC and 2 studies in favor of SDAraC. The WMD for 4‐year OS was 6.21 in favor of HDAraC (95% CI, 2.70‐9.72; P = .0005).

CONCLUSIONS

Induction therapy with HDAraC improved long‐term disease control and overall survival in adults age < 60 years with de novo AML. It remains unknown whether patients should receive HDAraC during induction or if it is to be given during postremission therapy. Further analyses should focus on this issue and on the effects of HDAraC in prognostically different subgroups of patients with AML. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
The metabolic syndrome and risk of incident colorectal cancer
Authors: Ahmed Rehana L. , Schmitz Kathryn H. , Anderson Kristin E. , Rosamond Wayne D. , Folsom Aaron R.
Published: May 2006

BACKGROUND

The authors tested the hypothesis that the metabolic syndrome (≥3 of the following components: high blood pressure, increased waist circumference, hypertriglyceridemia, low levels of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, or diabetes/hyperglycemia) is a risk factor for colorectal cancer.

METHODS

Data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) multicenter prospective cohort study were used. Metabolic syndrome components and other risk factors were collected during 1987 to 1989 from the 14,109 men and women in these analyses. One hundred ninety‐four incident colorectal cancers were identified through the Year 2000. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to examine associations.

RESULTS

Baseline metabolic syndrome (≥3 components vs. 0 components) had a positive association with age‐adjusted and gender‐adjusted colorectal cancer incidence (relative risk [RR], 1.49; 95% confidence interval [95%CI], 1.0‐2.4); this association was attenuated after multivariate adjustment (RR, 1.39; 95%CI, 0.9‐2.2). There was a dose‐response association between colorectal cancer incidence and the number of metabolic syndrome components present at baseline (P for trend = .006) after multivariate adjustment. Analysis of gender revealed that the multivariate‐adjusted association of metabolic syndrome with colorectal cancer was stronger in men (RR, 1.78; 95%CI, 1.0‐3.6) and weaker in women (RR, 1.16; 95%CI, 0.6‐2.2).

CONCLUSIONS

In this population‐based cohort, metabolic syndrome was a risk factor for incident colorectal cancer in men but not women. Evidence is growing that the metabolic syndrome may be a marker for a physiologic milieu of growth that encourages tumor initiation, promotion, and/or progression. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Overexpression of jun activation domain‐binding protein 1 in nonsmall cell lung cancer and its significance in p27 expression and clinical features
Authors: Osoegawa Atsushi , Yoshino Ichiro , Kometani Takuro , Yamaguchi Masafumi , Kameyama Toshifumi , Yohena Tomofumi , Maehara Yoshihiko
Published: May 2006

BACKGROUND

Decreased expression of p27, which is an inhibitor of cyclin‐dependent kinase, is associated with cancer aggressiveness. It is believed that Jun activation domain‐binding protein 1 (Jab1) plays a role in p27 degradation in a manner that is independent from the role played by S‐phase kinase‐associated protein 2 (Skp2). To examine the clinical significance of Jab1 in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the protein expression of Jab1 in tumor tissues was investigated with regard to the expression of p27 and Skp2.

METHODS

The clinicopathologic features and immunohistochemical expression levels of Jab1, p27, and Skp2 proteins were studied in 138 specimens from patients who underwent surgical resection for NSCLC. Survival analyses were performed by using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression models.

RESULTS

High Jab1 expression (>50% of cancer cell nuclei stained) was observed in 81 specimens (59%). In Skp2‐negative specimens (n = 81), an inverse correlation between the protein expression of p27 and Jab1 was observed both with the chi‐square test (P = .02) and with the Mann–Whitney U test (P = .02). High Jab1 expression levels were related to poor outcomes in 118 patients who underwent complete resection, with a 5‐year overall survival rate of 43.9% for patients who had high Jab1 expression and 63.1% for patients who had low Jab1 expression (P = .01). This difference was greater in patients who had Skp2‐negative specimens (51.9% vs. 79.3% (P = .02), but it was not significant in patients who had Skp2‐positive specimens. The multivariate analysis revealed that Jab1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for survival in patients with NSCLC (relative risk, 2.247; P = .01).

CONCLUSIONS

The current results showed for the first time that high Jab1 protein expression is related to poor outcome in patients with NSCLC and that this protein may be a target of therapy in NSCLC. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Ewing sarcoma‐family tumors that arise after treatment of primary childhood cancer
Authors: Spunt Sheri L. , Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos , Fuller Christine E. , Harper JoAnn , Krasin Matthew J. , Billups Catherine A. , Khoury Joseph D.
Published: May 2006

BACKGROUND

Unlike osteosarcoma, the Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT) has rarely been reported as secondary malignant neoplasms after treatment of childhood cancer. ESFT arising as a second cancer was reviewed and characterized at our childhood cancer center.

METHODS

A retrospective review was undertaken of 11,183 patients age <21 years who were treated for a primary cancer between March 1962 and December 2003 at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. All cases of ESFT were confirmed to have a rearranged EWS gene.

RESULTS

Six cases of ESFT (1.3% of 479 second cancers) were identified in patients previously treated for lymphoma (n = 3), leukemia (n = 1), retinoblastoma (n = 1), or Wilms tumor (n = 1). None of these patients had a family history suggestive of a familial cancer syndrome. The median time between diagnosis of primary cancer and diagnosis of ESFT was 5.9 years (range, 3.1‐18.3 years). ESFT occurred in typical anatomic locations: rib (n = 2), chest wall soft tissues (n = 2), pelvis (n = 1), and extremity (n = 1). One tumor arose at the margin of a previous radiotherapy field and 1 arose distant from previous radiotherapy fields; all other patients had not received radiotherapy. Three patients are alive at the time of this report, including 2 whose ESFT was diagnosed more than 8 years ago.

CONCLUSIONS

ESFT occurs rarely after treatment of a primary cancer during childhood, and most cases do not appear to be related to radiation therapy. Long‐term survival can be achieved in some patients, and therefore secondary ESFT should be treated with curative intent. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Transdisciplinary studies of surgical oncology trial accrual
Authors: Albrecht Terrance L. , Kuerer Henry , Ruckdeschel John C. , Mendez Jane , Harper Felicity
Published: May 2006

BACKGROUND

A key objective of the National Institutes of Health Roadmap Initiative during the past 2 years has been to address scientific problems and issues through innovative research collaborations that cut across disciplines, traditions, and agendas.

METHODS

Recognizing an opportunity to focus on the growing problem of low accrual to cancer surgical trials, the authors organized a multidisciplinary network of 21 clinical researchers and social/behavioral scientists to meet, review the issues, and organize working groups to study the problem. The authors, as representatives of the Karmanos Cancer Institute (Detroit, MI) and the American College of Surgeons Oncology Group, were awarded a Roadmap‐affiliated grant from the National Cancer Institute under the “Meetings and Networks for Methodological Development in Interdisciplinary Research” funding mechanism.

RESULTS

The overarching objective that guided the methodological developments of this network was to apply state‐of‐the‐science methodologies and analytical strategies to examine the biobehavioral and interpersonal factors that facilitate or impede patients' treatment decision‐making.

CONCLUSIONS

In this brief report, the authors describe the objectives of their multidisciplinary network and their progress to date. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Role of fluorine‐18 fluoro‐deoxyglucose positron emission tomography scan in the evaluation and follow‐up of patients with low‐grade lymphomas
Authors: Karam Maroun , Novak Leon , Cyriac Jomol , Ali Ameera , Nazeer Tipu , Nugent Francis
Published: May 2006

BACKGROUND

Fluorine‐18 fluoro‐deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) scanning has excellent sensitivity and specificity for staging non‐Hodgkin lymphomas, but to the authors' knowledge few studies to date have evaluated FDG‐PET in low‐grade lymphomas only.

METHODS

A retrospective study was performed on patients with biopsy‐proven nontransformed and transformed follicular lymphoma (FL), B‐cell small‐cell lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL/CLL), or marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) who underwent PET and computed tomography (CT) scans within 3 weeks. Standard uptake values (SUV) of all abnormal foci were measured.

RESULTS

In FL, PET demonstrated 94% sensitivity and 100% specificity for staging. PET was more specific than CT for detecting recurrence or assessing therapeutic responses (91% vs. 50%). FDG avidity among patients with WHO Grades 1, 2, and 3 disease was not significantly different (analysis of variance [ANOVA]). For MZL staging, PET had moderate sensitivity (71%) and outperformed CT alone in the depiction of extranodal sites (85% vs. 57% sensitivity). In SLL/CLL, PET sensitivity was 53% and underestimated disease extent in 5 of 19 patients (26%) compared with CT. PET did not affect initial management but confirmed suspected recurrences in 75% of patients. Nontransformed FL had a higher SUV (ANOVA, P<.05) compared with MZL and SLL/CLL. SUV was higher in transformed than in nontransformed tumors (P<.001, Student t test).

CONCLUSIONS

PET usefulness in staging low‐grade lymphomas varies depending on histology. PET sensitivity is excellent in FL and moderate in MZL. PET is more specific than CT for follow‐up in all types. PET has limited usefulness for SLL/CLL staging. However, a suggestive pattern of hazy and mild uptake was often noted in positive scans. In all low‐grade lymphomas, the emergence of foci of intense uptake should raise suspicion of conversion to high‐grade disease. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Low rates of colorectal, cervical, and breast cancer screening in Asian Americans compared with non‐Hispanic whites
Authors: Kandula Namratha R. , Wen Ming , Jacobs Elizabeth A. , Lauderdale Diane S.
Published: May 2006

BACKGROUND

Asian Americans have lower cancer screening rates compared with non‐Hispanic whites (NHWs). Little is known about mechanisms that underlie disparities in cancer screening. The objectives of the current study were 1) to determine the relation between nativity, years in the United States, language, and cancer screening in NHWs and Asian Americans, independent of access to care and 2) to determine whether Asians reported different reasons than NHWs for not obtaining cancer screening.

METHODS

This population‐based study included 36,660 NHWs, 1298 Chinese, 944 Filipinos, 803 Koreans, 857 Vietnamese, and 1036 Other Asians from the 2001 California Health Interview Survey. The main study outcomes were 1) self‐reported colorectal, cervical, and breast cancer screening and 2) reasons for not obtaining cancer screening.

RESULTS

After adjusting for access to care, several Asian subgroups still had significantly lower rates of all types of cancer screening compared with NHWs. Adjusting for nativity, years in the United States, and English language attenuated the relation between Asian ethnicity and lower rates of colorectal and breast cancer screening. When they were asked what the most important reason was for not having each screening test, foreign‐born Asians were significantly more likely than United States‐born NHWs to report that they “didn't have problems/symptoms” (P<.01).

CONCLUSIONS

Nativity, years in the United States, and English language may be markers of cultural differences that are mediating cancer screening disparities. Foreign‐born Asians may believe that cancer screening is in response to symptoms rather than tests that are used prior to the development of symptoms. Health education messages must consider how to communicate effectively that “cancer screening is valuable, because it finds cancer before it is advanced enough to cause symptoms.” Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Histopathologic assessment of hot‐spot microvessel density and vascular patterns in glioblastoma: Poor observer agreement limits clinical utility as prognostic factors
Authors: Preusser Matthias , Heinzl Harald , Gelpi Ellen , Schonegger Katharina , Haberler Christine , Birner Peter , Marosi Christine , Hegi Monika , Gorlia Thierry , Hainfellner Johannes A.
Published: May 2006

BACKGROUND

Hot‐spot microvessel density (MVD) and vascular patterns have been reported as histopathologic factors that influence prognosis in retrospective series of malignant gliomas. To investigate clinical utility, the authors systematically studied observer agreement on MVD and vascular patterns and the influence of repeatedly assessed data on patient outcomes in 2 independent glioblastoma series.

METHODS

MVD and vascular patterns were assessed retrospectively by 5 observers in 1) a retrospectively compiled glioblastoma series that included 110 patients and 2) a glioblastoma series that included 233 patients who were treated within a randomized trial. MVD was determined in the field of greatest density (“hot‐spot”). Predominantly classic or bizarre vascular patterns were determined by using a previously defined algorithm.

RESULTS

Observer agreement on MVD was highly variable (range of κ values, 0.464‐0.901). The worst observer agreement was achieved when both the selection of hot‐spots and MVD counts were performed independently. Survival analysis did not show a consistent association between repeatedly assessed MVD and patient outcome. Observer agreement on vascular patterns was poor (κ = 0.297). Survival analysis did not show a consistent association between repeatedly assessed vascular patterns and patient outcome.

CONCLUSIONS

Observer agreement on hot‐spot MVD and vascular patterns in patients with glioblastoma was poor in independent assessments. MVD and vascular patterns were not associated consistently with patient outcome. Based on these findings, the authors concluded that poor observer agreement limits the clinical utility of histopathologically assessed hot‐spot MVD and vascular patterns as prognostic factors in patients with glioblastoma. Improved methodologies for morphologic assessment of glioblastoma vascularization need to be identified. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
The effect of attentional bias toward shape‐ and weight‐related information on body dissatisfaction
Authors: Smith Evelyn , Rieger Elizabeth
Published: May 2006

Objective:

The objective of this study was to investigate the causal role of selective attention to shape/weight‐related information in terms of intensifying body dissatisfaction.

Method:

The participants were 70 female first‐year psychology students aged 17–28 years. An attentional probe task was used to induce attention toward either negative shape/weight‐related words, neutral words, or negatively valenced emotion words. Thereafter vulnerability toward the development of body dissatisfaction was assessed in the three groups after being exposed to a body image challenge.

Results:

The induction of an attentional bias toward shape/weight‐related information resulted in higher body dissatisfaction compared with both control groups.

Conclusion:

The results support the notion that an attentional bias toward shape/weight‐related information plays a causal role in body dissatisfaction, suggesting that such biases may prove to be a useful target in interventions designed to improve body image. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2006
Precision study on capillary electrophoresis methods for metacycline
Authors: Thi Thao Do , Pomponio Romeo , Gotti Roberto , Saevels Jan , Van Hove Ben , Van Ael Willy , Matthijs Nele , Vander Heyden Yvan , Djan'geing'a Roland Marini , Chiap Patrice , Hubert Philippe , Crommen Jacques , Fabre Huguette , Dehouck Pieter , Hoogmartens Jos , Van Schepdael Ann
Published: May 2006

A CE method for metacycline (MTC) determination was investigated in an inter‐laboratory experiment. Many problems were encountered in this study, most of which were related to the transfer of the method to different CE equipment. The reported problems could be classified into different categories: problems related to the precision, to the parameters in the protocol, and to the MTC peak shape. As the peak shape problem was partially responsible for the poor precision, a new CE method was developed in order to obtain a good MTC peak shape on all equipment. The precision of this new method for MTC determination was examined in an intermediate precision study, where the influence of the factors “time” and “equipment” was investigated. Although the new method could be transferred to different instruments, the precision remained poor mainly due to the contributions of the between‐replicate and the between‐injection variances.
Optimization of capillary electrophoretic enantioseparation for basic drugs with native β‐CD as a chiral selector
Authors: Deñola Nerissa L. , Quiming Noel S. , Catabay Alicia P. , Saito Yoshihiro , Jinno Kiyokatsu
Published: May 2006

This study presents the advantages of the 20 µm inner diameter (id) capillary for the enantioseparation of ten basic drugs with native β‐CD as the chiral selector. The apparent binding constants of each enantiomeric pair were determined to calculate the optimum β‐CD concentration ([β‐CD]opt) and the optimization was subsequently carried out. Comparison of the 20 µm id with 50 µm id were made in terms of the results obtained in the optimization and detection limits. Applying the optimum conditions for each compound, reproducible results (RSD from 0–3; n>5) were obtained for the 20 µm id capillary. Although the sensitivity is lower in the 20 µm id capillary, the LOD determined using this capillary is still found to be acceptable for the ten basic drugs studied. Enhanced resolution and faster analysis times were the main advantages observed with the use of this capillary in enantioseparation.
Induction of the transferrin receptor gene by benzo[a]pyrene in breast cancer MCF‐7 cells: Potential as a biomarker of PAH exposure
Authors: Kemp Michael Q. , Liu Wenjing , Thorne Patricia A. , Kane Michael D. , Selmin Ornella , Romagnolo Donato F.
Published: May 2006

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread environmental DNA‐damaging agents regarded as risk factors for human disease, including lung and breast cancer. The biotransformation of PAHs to carcinogenic metabolites is mediated by the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which activates transcription at xenobiotic responsive elements (XREs = 5′‐GCGTG‐3′) found in the promoter regions of genes encoding for detoxifying enzymes, including CYP1A1 and CYP1B1. In this study, we wished to identify novel biomarkers that may be useful in monitoring critical carcinogenic events of the breast induced by PAHs. Using a GeneMAP™ CancerArray, we analyzed in breast cancer MCF‐7 cells the temporal effects of the AhR agonist benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), which is a prototype PAH and known environmental carcinogen. Genes upregulated at least threefold by B[a]P and containing potential XREs within their promoter regions included CYP1A1, CYP1B1, paired box gene 3 (PAX3), cortactin (CTTN/EMS1), β‐2‐microglobulin (B2M), and transferrin receptor (TfR). The stimulatory effects of B[a]P on expression of these genes were abrogated by cotreatment with the AhR antagonist flavonoid, α‐napthoflavone (ANF). The TfR gene was selected for further analysis as its promoter region contains two potential XREs and its expression has been shown to be increased in breast cancer cells. Accumulation of TfR mRNA in B[a]P‐treated cells was confirmed by quantitative real time PCR. Transient transfection studies indicated that the transcriptional activity of the TfR promoter was stimulated by B[a]P, whereas ANF counteracted this induction. These results indicate that the TfR gene may be a potential biomarker of PAH exposure. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Different p53 mutation patterns in colorectal tumors from smokers and nonsmokers
Authors: Huang Chi‐Chou , Cheng Ya‐Wen , Chen Meng‐Cheng , Lin Yu‐Shyang , Chou Ming‐Chih , Lee Huei
Published: May 2006

Epidemiological studies consistently find associations between colorectal cancer and cigarette smoking; however, there are little molecular data supporting the association. To examine the relationship between cigarette smoking and colorectal cancer, we compared p53 mutation patterns in colorectal tumors from smokers and nonsmokers. In this study, 153 tumor tissues from colorectal cancer patients, including 63 smokers and 90 nonsmokers, were examined for p53 mutation and p53 protein expression by direct sequencing and immunohistochemistry (IHC), respectively. p53 mutations were detected in 77 of 153 (50.3%) colorectal tumors, and no difference was observed in the p53 mutation frequencies in tumors from smokers and nonsmokers (33 of 63, 50.8% for smokers vs. 44 of 90, 48.9% for nonsmokers, P = 0.743). IHC showed that p53‐immunoreactive tumors were positively correlated with p53‐mutated tumors (P < 0.0001). G:C→A:T transition and G:C→T:A transversion were the predominant types of mutations detected in the tumor p53 genes. G:C→A:T mutation was relatively more common in nonsmokers than in smokers (93.5% for nonsmokers vs. 77.3% for smokers), although this difference was not significant. The frequency of deletion mutation in smoker tumors, however, was significantly higher than that in nonsmoker tumors (7 of 33, 21.2% for smokers vs. 1 of 44, 2.3% for nonsmokers, P = 0.01). Although there were only a few cases of p53 deletion mutation in this study, the observation of a higher frequency of p53 deletion mutation in smoker tumors supports the association between cigarette smoking and the development of colorectal cancer. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In defence of the concept of phobically driven avoidance of adult body weight/shape/function as the final common pathway to anorexia nervosa
Authors: Crisp Arthur
Published: May 2006

The author defends his view that a phobically‐driven biologically‐based avoidance mechanism, rooted in the selective impact of calorie starvation on the pubertal/reproductive process, lies at the root of the disorder we call ‘anorexia nervosa’. Its intensity, coupled with the underlying maturational challenge driving the phobia, governs the natural history of the condition and its prognosis in the individual case.

This psychopathology, often vigorously denied in the first instance, once recognized, invites a multidimensional approach to diagnosis and a corresponding specifically developed treatment package which is significantly often effective. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Inter‐cell coordination in wireless data networks
Authors: Bonald Thomas , Borst Sem , Proutière Alexandre
Published: May 2006

Over the past few years, the design and performance of channel‐aware scheduling strategies have attracted huge interest. In the present paper, we examine a somewhat different notion of scheduling, namely coordination of transmissions among base stations, which has received little attention so far. The inter‐cell coordination comprises two key elements: (i) interference avoidance and (ii) load balancing. The interference avoidance involves coordinating the activity phases of interfering base stations so as to increase transmission rates. The load balancing aims at diverting traffic from heavily loaded cells to lightly loaded cells. Numerical experiments demonstrate that inter‐cell scheduling may provide significant capacity gains. Copyright © 2006 AEIT
Signalling overhead for ASBA in an MC‐CDMA system
Authors: Zhang Ying , Costa Elena , Lott Matthias
Published: May 2006

OFDM modulation combined with the hybrid multiple access scheme, CDMA/FDMA, has been shown to provide high flexibility and granularity for the synchronised downlink transmission. Moreover, an efficient resource allocation scheme, referred to as adaptive sub‐band allocation (ASBA), can be used to assign sub‐carriers to the users in such a way to maximise the overall system capacity based on the channel knowledge. In a time‐variant channel the channel knowledge should be updated, and an estimate of the channel is supposed to be obtained by measuring the pilots periodically inserted in uplink (UL), under the assumption of time division duplex (TDD) operation mode. In this paper, a semi‐analytical method is presented to find the proper updating period, with which the system throughput is maximised, under arbitrary mobility. It is shown that when a proper updating period is selected a considerable adaptation gain can be achieved even at a velocity of 200 km/h. Copyright © 2006 AEIT
Spectrum load smoothing: distributed quality‐of‐service support for cognitive radios in open spectrum
Authors: Berlemann Lars , Mangold Stefan , Hiertz Guido R. , Walke Bernhard H.
Published: May 2006

Today's framework for radio spectrum regulation and spectrum usage is undergoing fundamental changes. In the face of scarce radio resources, regulators, industry and the research community are launching initiatives towards a flexible usage of spectrum. Intelligent radio systems so‐called cognitive radios that autonomously coordinate their spectrum usage are a promising approach towards an opening of spectrum. In this article, we therefore discuss medium access control protocols for cognitive radios operating in parts of the spectrum originally licensed to other radio services. They identify underutilised spectrum, coordinate its usage and release it again when required by licensed radio systems. We apply therefore ‘waterfilling’, a known principle in information theory, in the time‐domain for the distributed coordination of cognitive radios in spectrum sharing scenarios. This application is here referred to as spectrum load smoothing (SLS). Cognitive radios are realised in this article in modifying the medium access of IEEE 802.11e with the SLS. The ability of SLS to support quality‐of‐service in the presence of other, competing cognitive radios, and the prevention of harmful interference to licensed radio systems are evaluated. Copyright © 2006 AEIT