bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Presentation and Survival by Hormonal Receptor Status in Metaplastic Breast Cancer: A Propensity Score-matched Analysis
Authors: Wang Siqin , Hu Jin , Zhang yanting , Shen Jian , Dong Fang , Zhang Ximeng , Lu Chong , Shang Dan
Published: February 2021

Background: Studies reported the hormonal receptor (HR) status was not associated with survival in metaplastic breast cancer (MBC). In addition, MBC patients cannot benefit from chemotherapy (CT). The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of CT on MBC patients with high risk (T1-4N2-3M0 and T4N0-1M0) by propensity-score matching (PSM). Methods: A retrospective study was performed to analyze MBC from the SEER database. Breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) rates were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier curve and differences assessed by log-rank tests. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess BCSS. PSM was used to make 1:1 case-control matching.Results: We identified 3116 patients. The median follow-up time was 44 months (range, 1–321 months). 23.0% of patients were HR-positive. About 62.5% of patients received CT, which seem not to relate to HR status. Recurrence risk had a significant difference between HR-negative and HR-positive groups. In the multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model, HR status was not associated with a better BCSS. CT had no benefit for MBC. Multivariate analyses after PSM (n=1274) confirmed that both CT and HR status were not associated with prognosis. The Kaplan–Meier curve before PSM showed that HR-negative MBC with intermediate-risk benefited from CT. For HR-positive MBC, patients with intermediate and high risk benefited from CT. However, CT could only benefit for HR-positive MBC with high risk after PSM.Conclusion: PSM analysis showed that CT could only benefit for HR-positive MBC with high risk.
Evaluating Health-related Quality of Life Among Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Individuals Using Health Utilities Index: a Local Study and Comparison With Existing Data
Authors: Chan Dorothy Chi-Ching , Chiang Lorraine Lok-Wing , Chu William Ching-Yuen , Chung Coey Cheuk-Yee , Hon Nicole Wing-Lam , Wong Wilfred Hing-Sang , Chan Godfrey Chi-Fung
Published: February 2021

Background:Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by benign tumor growth in multiple organs, which may cause significant negative impact on patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Since HRQoL studies in Asian TSC population are scarce, we aim to evaluate the HRQoL of our local TSC patients, who are mainly ethical Chinese, so as to provide a holistic view and information for better understanding of TSC patients in this part of the world. Methods:HUI-Ch is a validated Chinese multiple-choice questionnaire for scoring Health Utilities Index Mark 2 (HUI2) and Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI3). It was used to assess HRQoL of TSC individuals in Hong Kong. Proxy-data on socio-demographics and common chronic health conditions for TSC patients were collected. Data analyses involved multiple imputation with two-sample t-test, Pearson correlation and multiple regression to predict variations in HRQoL in relation to different factors. Data was compared with existing data on HUI of other disease entities.Results:Of 27 patients in the study sample, mean HUI2 and HUI3 scores were 0.64 and 0.50 respectively (1 = perfect health, 0 = death). 81.5% and 77.8% of TSC patients belonged to the “severe” disability category on HUI2 and HUI3, which were higher than the proportion of Down syndrome patients (60.0% and 72.0%). Behavioral problems on HUI2 and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on HUI3 were statistically significant predictors (both p<0.01) of poorer HRQoL. Patients with behavioral problems, compared to those without, had significantly lower scores in cognition (0.88 vs 0.98, p<0.01) and self-care (0.96 vs 1.00, p<0.01) on HUI2. Patients with ADHD, compared to those without, had significantly lower scores in cognition (0.71 vs 0.95, p<0.001) and speech (0.87 vs 0.95, p<0.05) on HUI3. Patients with multiple chronic health conditions (6 or above) had lower HUI2 and HUI3 scores.Conclusions:Local TSC patients have poorer HRQoL than Down syndrome and other chronic conditions. Findings from our study can serve as a baseline for evaluating management outcome in TSC patients with similar cultural backgrounds. Further HRQoL studies can be conducted in other regions to improve the assessment accuracy of these data collected.
Hotter and Drier Climate Made the Mediterranean Europe and Northern Africa Region a Shrubbier Landscape
Authors: Fang Wei , Yi Chuixiang , Chen Deliang , Xu Peipei , Hendrey George , Krakauer Nir , Jensen Katherine , Gao Shan , Lin Zihan , Lam Gabriella , Zhang Qin , Zhou Tao
Published: February 2021

A shift to warmer temperatures has left the Mediterranean Europe and Northern Africa (MENA) region more vulnerable to drought and land degradation. We used LAI and GPP deficit, the difference between actual and historical-maximum values, to describe vegetation structural and functional dynamics and consequential landcover change in response to climate variability during 2001-2019 in the area (20°W-45°E, 20°N-45°N). We found that (1) the vegetation responses varied significantly among eight landcover types with the following ranked importance: forests, savannas, a mosaic of cropland and natural vegetation (CNV), croplands, permanent wetlands, urban land, grasslands, and shrublands, each with distinctive yet overlapping signatures over the spectrums of the climate conditions considered. (2) Forests, occupying the coolest and wettest niche of the MENA region, showed the strongest and most dominating response to severe drought with a lag of 1-3 years and a legacy of 10 years. (3) The total areas of savannas and CNV mosaics in MENA increased by 394,994 km2 and 404,592 km2 respectively while that of forests decreased by 33,091 km2 despite of the fertilizer effect of elevated ambient CO2. Shrublands, occupying the hottest and driest niche of MENA, extended by 287,134 km2 while grasslands and croplands retreated by 490,644 km2 and 225,263 km2. The area of permanent wetlands increased by 49,192 km2, and that of urban land increased by 39,570 km2. A net total of 57,649 km2 of barren land became vegetated over the years. With warmer temperature and more extended period of drought, MENA has evolved towards a shrubbier landscape.
Resting coronary flow estimated by dynamic coronary CT angiography: Potential for use in the detection of plaque burden and myocardial ischemia
Authors: Ando Kiyoe , Nagao Michinobu , Yamamoto Atsushi , Nakao Risako , Sakai Akiko , Watanabe Eri , Sato Kayoko , Fukushima Kenji , Sakai Shuji , Hagiwara Nobuhisa
Published: February 2021

Purpose

We propose a resting coronary flow index (rCFI) estimated by dynamic coronary CT angiography (CCTA) for potential use in detecting coronary plaque burden and myocardial ischemia.
Materials and Methods

A total of 124 patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) who underwent CCTA were prospectively enrolled in this study. The original data set of dynamic CCTA with continuous 8 to 12 cardiac cycles was interpolated to 24 to 36 image sets using the motion coherence image processing. Using the maximum slope method, rCFI was defined as the ratio of the maximum upslope in the attenuation of distal coronary artery to that of the ascending aorta. Coronary plaques were classified as non-calcified or calcified based on the presence or absence of low attenuation plaque. For patients who may need additional functional assessment, additional stress/rest myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) was performed.
Results

rCFI for vessels with non-calcified plaques was significantly lower than that for normal arteries (0.73 ± 0.23 vs. 0.88 ± 0.22, p < 0.00001). In limited intermediate stenosis, a similar significant difference was observed between the two groups (0.76 ± 0.23 vs. 0.89 ± 0.20, p < 0.0001). In contrast, no significant decrease in rCFI was observed between normal and calcified plaques (0.81 ± 0.28). rCFI for ischemia depicted by MPS was significantly lower than for non-ischemia (0.63 ± 0.24 vs. 0.84 ± 0.19, p < 0.05). The use of the optimal cutoff could detect ischemia, with a C-static value of 0.73, 53% sensitivity, and 93% specificity.
Conclusion

rCFI can be used for the detection of plaque burden and myocardial ischemia in CAD.
Early Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy and In-Hospital Major Bleeding Risk in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Treated with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Findings from the CCC-ACS Project
Authors: Li Ziping , Yang Pengfei , Geru A , Sun Haonan , Liu Hangkuan , Song Xiwen , Jin Zhengyang , Li Linjie , Hao Yongchen , Li Yongle , Liu Jing , Zhao Dong , Zhou Xin , Yang Qing
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUNDPrevious reports demonstrated a bleeding avoidance potential of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)/angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) and β-blocker. It remains unclear whether guideline-directed medical therapy [GDMT, i.e., the combined use of β-blocker, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)/angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) and statin] confers protection against bleeding in the setting of high-intensity antithrombotic therapy.METHODSWe assessed associations between the use of early (within the first 24 hours) GDMT and in-hospital major bleeds, ischemic events and mortality among ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China-Acute Coronary Syndrome project.RESULTSAmong 34,538 STEMI patients without contra-indications to GDMT and eligible for analysis, 35.5% received early GDMT. In a 1-to-2 propensity-score matched cohort, early GDMT was associated with a 28% reduction in major bleeds [odds ratio (OR): 0.72, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.58 to 0.90], with parallel reductions in ischemic events (OR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.46 to 0.78) and in-hospital mortality (OR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.30 to 0.57). GDMT-associated reduction in major bleeds was consistently observed across different major bleeding definitions and in sensitivity analyses. Additionally, no significant interaction was observed in subgroup analyses. CONCLUSIONSIn a large nationwide registry, early initiation of GDMT was associated with reduced risk for in-hospital major bleeds in STEMI patients treated with PCI. To improve the outcome of STEMI, further effort should be made to reinforce the use of GDMT in this patient population.
Optical, Thermal and Radiation Shielding Properties of B2O3 - NaF - PbO – BaO - La2O3 Glasses
Authors: Shaaban Kh. S.
Published: February 2021

The techniques of melt-quenching were used to generate 53B2O3 - 2NaF - 27PbO – (20 - x)BaO - La2O3 (0 ≤ x ≥ 15) glass system. XRD patterns have established the amorphous character of glass samples. There is clear evidence of the role of La2O3 modifier in the glass network. The thermal characteristics were identified to increase with an increase in La2O3 content. Increasing La2O3 increases the linear and non-linear optical bandgap energy and the Urbach energy. By adding La2O3 to the glass samples, the refractive index, molar polarizability, polarizability, and optical basicity are increased. Theoretically, the bulk modulus and the glass transition temperature increase because of the increase in bond strength. The number of bonds per unit increased with the increase in La2O3 content because of the modifier character of La2O3 in the glass samples. Multiple optical parameters (ε∞), (εo), X(1), (X(3)) and (n2) as a function of linear and non-linear Eopt were obtained. The extent of shielding in this article was examined with the increment in La2O3 at the expense of BaO. The results correspond with similar studies conducted previously.
Can Lifestyle Influence the Risk of High Nicotine Dependence?
Authors: Chen Zhongbo , Yu Xuechan , Ma Hongying , Chen Jie , Chen Hui , Zhuang Qidong , Fu Panfeng , Yu Yiming , Deng Zaichun
Published: February 2021

Background: Nicotine dependence (ND) is a maladaptive pattern of tobacco smoking with withdrawal symptoms like other drug addictive disorders. It is very common in clinic that smokers always have different degree of nicotine dependence with same amount of tobacco consumption. Lifestyle may influence cigarettes daily consumption or smoke state. So it is critical to prove the influence of healthy or unhealthy lifestyles in high nicotine dependence smokers. This study aimed to identify behavioral correlates to high ND.Methods: 343 patients who went to clinic for smoking cessation were recruited. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire. The extent of Nicotine dependence was determined by Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND).Results: High ND patients (FTND>5) showed significant life style compared with mild and moderate ND patients (FTND<5) is significantly (χ2=36.98, P value=0.002). There is no single lifestyle index can significantly distinguish high ND from mild and moderate ND. However, combined behaviors of caffeine drink and mental activities after dinner contribute to the risk of high ND (OR:1.939, 95%CI:1.154-3.258, P value=0.012). In addition, combined index of(sleep time < 8 hours, caffeine drink and mental activities after dinner) each significantly distinguished patients of high ND from patients of mild and moderate ND. with high nicotine dependence(OR:2.208, 95%CI:1.032-4.737, P value=0.042）.Conclusion: Interact effects of mental activities after dinner and caffeine drink will increase the risk of high nicotine dependence. Sleep less than 8 hours with behaviors of mental activities after dinner and caffeine drink also have the same effect.
Hepatic Artery Variations Analyzed in 1141 Patients Undergoing Digital Subtraction Angiography
Authors: Du Dongdong , Wang Yadong , Wang Xinxing , Ma Mingze , Gao Junlin , Rong Zhonghou , Gao Ruxin , Zhang Zhenhai
Published: February 2021

Background: The hepatic artery has several variations that can be observed by digital subtraction angiography (DSA). In recent years, clinical studies have continued to explore its diversity, leading to the discovery of rare variations and the development of new classifications.Methods: Institutional Review Board approval was attained. This retrospective study was based on analysis of DSA images in 1141 patients who were pathologically or clinically diagnosed with liver tumor from May 2015 to December 2019. All patients involved in this study had undergone hepatic arteriography at our hospital. The study aimed to complete angiographic assessments of the left gastric artery (LGA), superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and HA, which supply the liver parenchyma. Results: It was worth mentioning that we found five new cases of hepatic artery variations. The four major types of hepatic artery anatomy were identiﬁed. Normal hepatic artery anatomy was pointed in 871 (76.3%) of 1141 patients, and the incidence of hepatic artery variation was 270 (23.7%) cases. Variation in hepatic artery origin was identiﬁed in 240 (21.1%) cases. Variation in bifurcation was identiﬁed in 18 (1.6%) cases. Three (0.5%) cases had synchronized bifurcate and variation of origin, which has not been reported previously. Conclusion: Hepatic artery variation have diversity and complexity. The known and newly is covered variations were thoroughly analyzed in detail, which has important clinical significance for hepatobiliary surgeries and interventional operations.
Exosomes Derived from Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Activate PTEN/AKT Pathway and Promote Repair of Damaged Endometrium
Authors: Wang Jianye , Dong Liu , Xu Xuan , Jiang Xiaohua , Li Ziwei , Xing Qiong , Zhang Zhiguo , Zhou Ping , Cao Yunxia , Wei Zhaolian
Published: February 2021

BackgroundEndometrial injury contributes to impaired endometrial receptivity, and is well recognized as a critical factor in implantation failure. Increasing evidence suggests that the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) mainly depend on their capacity to secrete paracrine factors and are mediated by MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos). In this study, we aimed to explore the effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (hUCMSC-Exos) on injured endometrium in the mouse endometrial damage model and the potential mechanisms for these effects.MethodsAll female mice were randomly divided into control group, saline group, and exosome group. To observe the distribution of exosomes in vivo, DiR-labeled hUCMSC-Exos were injected into the tail vein of endometrium-injured mice. HE staining was used to detect changes in endometrial thickness and number of glands. TUNEL staining was used to detect cells apoptosis. The expression of Ki67 and CD31 was examined by immunohistochemistry. Then, western blotting was used to measure the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Cleaved Caspase-3, PTEN, AKT and p-AKT. The expression of VEGF and IGF-1 was detected by RT-PCR.ResultshUCMSC-Exos was able to migrate to the damaged endometrium. After hUCMSC-Exos injection, the endometrial thickness and the number of glands were significantly increased (P< 0.05). Compared with the saline group, apoptosis was significantly reduced in the exosome group, and the expression of Ki67 and CD31 was significantly increased (P< 0.05). Besides, the expression of Bax, Cleaved Caspase-3 and PTEN was reduced as hUCMSC-Exos addition, and the Bcl-2 and p-Akt expression was increased. The expression of VEGF and IGF-1 was significantly upregulated in the exosome group compared to the saline group (P< 0.05).ConclusionshUCMSC-Exos ameliorated the damaged uterus, increased endometrial thickness, suppressed apoptosis and improved the cell proliferation in the mouse injured endometrium model. Furthermore, we discovered that hUCMSC-Exos could activate the PTEN/AKT signaling pathways and induce the overexpression of VEGF and IGF-1 in vivo.
Identification of Ferroptosis-Related Gene Signatures Associated With Multiple Sclerosis Using Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis
Authors: Gu Sichun , Zhang Yan , Gu Chao , Yuan Can-Xing
Published: February 2021

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of central nervous system leading to demyelination followed by neurological symptoms. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered pathogenic hallmark important for the progression of MS. However, the gene markers of ferroptosis in MS are still uncertain. Methods: In this study, mRNA expression profiles and clinical data of MS samples were retrieved from Gene Expression Omnibus database. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were utilized to identify ferroptosis-related gene (FRG) signatures of MS. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) were performed to explore the biological functions of single FRG signature. Results: HMOX1, LPCAT3 and RPL8 were firstly identified as FRG signatures of MS with the predictive capacity confirmed. GSEA and GSVA analyses revealed that metabolism-related, immune and inflammation-related, microglia-related, oxidation-related, and mitochondria-related biological functions were enriched, providing implications of the mechanisms underlying ferroptosis in MS. Conclusions: This study presented a systematic analysis of FRG in MS and explored the potential ferroptosis targets for new interventional strategies in MS.
Preparation and Characterization of PVDF/g-C3N4/chitosan Nanocomposite Membrane for the Removal of Direct Blue 14 Dye
Authors: Hasanzade Parya , Gharbani Parvin , Derakhshan Fahime , Maher Behnaz Memar
Published: February 2021

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/g-C3N4/Chitosan thin film membranes were prepared for removal of Direct Blue 14 dye (an anionic dye) from aqueous solutions. PVDF/g-C3N4/Chitosan membranes were prepared by immersing of PVDF/g-C3N4 membrane in solution containing various concentrations of chitosan. The resulting membranes were characterized by XRD, FESEM, TEM and AFM. Also, pure water flux, salt rejection, water content, antifouling properties of prepared membranes were investigated. The resulting demonstrate that pure water flux was decreased by increasing of chitosan concentration, while water content, antifouling properties and salt rejection were increased. It is found that chitosan has major impact on the membrane structural properties due to transform of the PVDF membrane into hydrophilic ones. It is reported that maximum 93% rejection of Direct Blue 14 was obtained by PVDF/g-C3N4/Chitosan membrane. Compared to the PVDF/g-C3N4 membrane, the experimental results showed that PVDF/g-C3N4/Chitosan membranes demonstrated high potential mainly due to greater hydrophilicity and further minimizing membrane fouling.
The Effect of High Salt Diet in Renal Fibrosis Through CHOP Protein Stimulated Apoptosis in Rat Model
Authors: Ghadimi Darya , Khadive Tooka , Hemmati Mina , Golshahi Hannaneh , Ehtesham Meysam
Published: February 2021

І. Background: Prolonged excessive salt intake is an important risk factor for development of renal fibrosis. In the onset of renal tubular destruction, KIM-1 appears in urine. CHOP is an important apoptosis stimulator protein. The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of high salt diet in development of renal fibrosis through apoptosis.ІІ. Methods and results: The 25 male Wistar rats were divided randomly into five groups and treated with 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.2%, 1.5% of NaCl dissolved in distilled water for 8 weeks. For confirmation of renal tubular destruction, the urinary KIM-1 was measured. The slides of renal tissue were prepared and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin and Masson´s Trichrome for fibrosis detection. To investigate the role of CHOP protein in development of renal tubulointerstitial destruction, the relative gene expression of CHOP in renal tissue was analyzed using qRT-PCR method.There was no significant differences in urea, creatinine and total protein concentration of rats received different concentrations of NaCl compared to the control group. Urinary KIM-1 and mRNA level of CHOP was found to be increased significantly in rats treated with 1.5% NaCl compared to the control group. Mild renal fibrosis was observed in the same group too.III. Conclusion: Excessive salt intake can lead to fibrosis through increasing the expression of apoptotic CHOP gene in renal tissue. KIM-1 can be detectable in urine long before the development of renal fibrosis.
Reduction of primary graft dysfunction using cytokine filtration following acute respiratory distress syndrome in lung transplantation
Authors: Ghaidan Haider , Stenlo Martin , Gvazava Nika , Niroomand Anna , Edstrom Dag , Silva Iran , Broberg Ellen , Hallgren Oskar , Olm Franziska , Pierre Leif , Wagner Darcy , Hyllen Snejana , Lindstedt Sandra
Published: February 2021

Despite improvements, lung transplantation (LTx) remains hampered by both a scarcity of donor organs and by mortality following primary graft dysfunction (PGD). Since acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) limits donor lungs utilization, we investigated cytokine filtration as a means of restoring ARDS donor lungs. We induced mild to moderate ARDS using lipopolysaccharide in 12 donor pigs. Lungs were then treated with or without cytokine filtration during ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) and post-transplantation using extracorporeal hemoperfusion. The treatment significantly decreased cytokine levels during EVLP and decreased levels of immune cells post-transplantation. Histology demonstrated fewer signs of lung injury across both treatment periods and the incidence of PGD was significantly reduced among treated animals. Overall, cytokine filtration was able to restore lung function and reduce PGD in lung transplantation. We suggest this treatment will increase the availability of donor lungs and increase the tolerability of donor lungs in the recipient.
Molecular Diversity in Lactuca Species Using Isozymes and RAPD Markers
Authors: Sammour Reda H. Helmy , Mustafa A-Z. A. , El-Esawi M.
Published: February 2021

Background: understanding molecular diversity in Lactuca species is substantial for the management, improvement and efficient uses of their accessions. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate molecular diversity among and within Lactuca species. Methods and Results: the molecular diversity was assessed using isozymes and RAPD analyses that gave 87.09% and 100% polymorphic percentages respectively, indicating a high genetic variation within and among Lactuca species. The number of alleles were higher in the wild species compared to the cultivated species, reflecting a reduction in the richness of alleles in the cultivated species due to domestication that caused a reduction in genetic diversity to meet the demand for high crop productivity. Isozymes and RAPD clustering dendrogrames: (1) separated, L. sativa accessions in more than one cluster confirming their polyphyletic origin; (2) collected the accessions of L. viminea in one cluster revealed its homogeneity; and (3) divided the accessions of L. saligna in two clusters varied in the number of alleles, particularly “A” form. The corresponding analysis associated the accessions of the wild species based on “B” form of the alleles of the tested isozymes, and the cultivated species on the forms “A” and “C”, suggesting that: (1) allele “B” might be the primitive form of these loci that can tolerate the environmental stresses which prevails in the habitats of the wild species, and (2) forms “A” and “C” could be the derived forms. Conclusions: These results are of great interest for the management of Lactuca germplasm and for future breeding programs of lettuce.
Telomerase Prevents Emphysema in Old Mice by Sustaining Subpopulations of Endothelial and AT2 Cells
Authors: Breau Marielle , Cayrou Christelle , Churikov Dmitri , Fouillade Charles , Curras-Alonso Sandra , Bauwens Serge , Jourquin Frederic , Braud Laura , Fiore Frederic , Castellano Remy , Josselin Emmanuelle , Sanchez-Ferrer Carlotta , Giovinazzo Giovanna , Gilson Eric , Flores Ignacio , Londono-Vallejo Arturo , Adnot Serge , Geli Vincent
Published: February 2021

Accumulation of senescent cells has been causally linked to the development of age-related pathologies. Here, we characterized a new mouse model (p21+/Tert) whose telomerase (TERT) is expressed from the p21 promoter that can be activated in response to telomere dysfunction. Lung parenchyma from p21+/Tert old mice accumulated fewer senescent cells with age and this correlated with a reduction in age-related alveolar space enlargement, a feature of pulmonary emphysema. This protection against emphysema depends on TERT catalytic activity and is associated with increased proliferation of pulmonary endothelial cells (EC) and capillary density. Single-cell RNA sequencing of lung cells revealed that TERT expression was associated with the enrichment of ECs expressing genes involved in vessel regeneration and in AT2 cells overexpressing S/G2M markers. These findings indicate that p21-promoter-dependent expression of catalytically active telomerase prevents emphysema by sustaining the proliferation of subclasses of EC and AT2 cells.
Between Group-Level Minimally Important Change and Individual Treatment Responders
Authors: Hays® Ron D. , Peipert John Devin
Published: February 2021

Purpose

Estimates of the minimally important change (MIC) can be used to evaluate whether group-level differences are large enough to be important. But responders to treatment have been based upon group-level MIC thresholds, resulting in inaccurate classification of change over time. This article reviews options and provides suggestions about individual-level statistics to assess whether individuals have improved, stayed the same, or declined.

Methods

Review of MIC estimation and an example of misapplication of MIC group-level estimates to assess individual change. Secondary data analyses to show how perceptions about meaningful change can be used along with significance of individual change.

Results

MIC thresholds yield over-optimistic conclusions (i.e., classify those who have not changed as responders to treatment). Individual change statistics can be used along with individual retrospective ratings of change.

Conclusions

Future studies need to evaluate the significance of individual change using appropriate individual-level statistics such as the reliable change index or the equivalent coefficient of repeatability.
A rapidly evolving high-amplitude δ Scuti star crossing the Hertzsprung Gap
Authors: Niu Jia-Shu , Xue Hui-Fang
Published: February 2021

People cannot witness the stellar evolution process of a single star obviously in most cases because of its extremely secular time-scale, except for some special time nodes in it (such as the supernova explosion [1]). But in some specific evolutionary phases, we have the chances to witness such process gradually on human times-scales. When a star evolved leaving from the main sequence, the hydrogen nuclei fusion in its core is gradually transferring into the shell. In the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram, its evolutionary phase falls into the Hertzsprung gap, which is one of the most rapidly evolving phases in the life of a star [2]. Here we report a discovery of a rapidly evolving high-amplitude δ Scuti star KIC6382916 (J19480292+4146558) which is crossing the Hertzsprung gap. According to the analysis of the archival data, we find three independent pulsation modes of it, whose amplitudes and frequencies are variating distinctly in 4 years. The period variation rates of the three pulsation modes are one or two orders larger than the best seismic model constructed by the standard evolution theory, which indicates the current theory cannot precisely describe the evolution process in this rapidly evolving phase and needs further upgrades. Moreover, the frequency and amplitude interactions between the three independent pulsation modes and their harmonics/combinations open a new window to the future asteroseismology.
An Assessment of Smallholder Farmer’s Status in the Capricorn District in Limpopo Province, South Africa.
Authors: Maponya Phokele
Published: February 2021

This paper point the state of smallholder farmers in terms of the socio economic, support and yielding statuses in the Capricorn District, Limpopo Province, South Africa. The study used a representative sample consisting of 50 smallholder farmers, with 546 beneficiaries participating in the research. Four local municipalities were visited, namely: Polokwane, Molemole, Lepelle – Nkumpi and Blouberg. Quantitative and qualitative plan was used as a detailed questionnaire written in English. Focus group discussion, a stakeholder’s discussion, and field observations were used. A purposive sampling technique was used to select fifty (50) smallholder farmers and data was coded, captured and analysed with a software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20). Descriptive and Correlations analysis results showed a significant association among the following variables: Crops planted, Size of land, Source of water, Type of market and Land acquisition. The results also indicated that natural resources like land and water are the prerequisite for a smallholder farmer to engage in agricultural production. This will enable smallholder farmers to plant different crops and to identify market opportunities. It is recommended that organisations that oversee the improvement of socio economic conditions, policy, food security and rural development should use the results of this study as a guide for their planning and decision making for improved smallholder farmers’ livelihoods.
Complete TURBT before Radical Cystectomy is not a Risk Factor for Organ-Confined Bladder Cancer: A Case Control Study
Authors: Luo Mingrui , Xu Zhan-ping , Lin Zhi-jun , Qin Zi-ke , Ye Yun-lin
Published: February 2021

Background To investigate the role of complete transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) before radical cystectomy for organ-confined bladder cancer.Patients and MethodsPatients who underwent radical cystectomy (RC) in our center from January 2008 to December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Those with disease >T2N0M0 or positive surgical margin and those who were administrated neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy were excluded. Complete TURBT was defined as no visible lesion under endoscopic examination after TURBT or specimen of RC. Kaplan–Meier and log-rank tests assessed disease-free survival. Logistic and Cox regression analysis were performed to identify potential predictors.ResultsIn total, 236 patients were included, and 207 patients were male. The median age was 61 years old. The median number and size were 1 and 3cm respectively, and maximal pathological T stage was T2 in 94 patients. Complete TURBT was related to tumor size (p=0.041), histological variants (p=0.026) and downstaging (p<0.001). Tumor size, grade and histological variants were independent predictors of complete TURBT. With a median follow-up of 42.7 months, 30 patients experienced recurrence. Age and histological variantswere independent predictors of disease-free survival (p=0.022 and 0.032, respectively), and complete TURBT was not an independent predictor of disease-free survival (p=0.156). Downstaging was not associated with survival outcome.Conclusions Complete TURBT is related to an increased rate of downstaging before radical cystectomy, and it was not associated with better oncological outcomes for patients with organ-confined bladder cancer.
Identification of a five-gene prognostic signature related to B cells infiltration in pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Tang Shaomei , Huang Xiaoliang , Jiang Haixing , Qin Shanyu
Published: February 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Alteration of Gut Microbiome in Lung Cancer Patients- A Pilot Study 
Authors: Li Ming , Yu Fang , Chen Xiaohui , Zhou Huan , Liu Yinhui , Liu Yuanyu , Tang Li , Yuan Jieli , Wen Shu , Chen Jun
Published: February 2021

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death. Better understanding of factors and pathways involved in lung cancer is needed to improve diagnose and treatment strategies. Recent studies have provided insights into the possible correlation between intestinal dysbiosis and cancer development. Although the immunological relationship between gut and lung had been suggested by many researches, however, to date, no study had investigated the characterization of gut microbiome in treatment naïve lung cancer patients, whether it is distinct from that of health individuals and contribute to the onset and development of lung cancer remain unclear. In this study, we investigated whether gut microbiome of lung cancer patients (LC, n=28) is altered compare with that of matched healthy individuals (HC, n=19) by high throughout sequencing of the V3-V4 regions of 16S rDNA in their fecal samples. We also identified microbiota signatures specific for different histological types of lung cancer, including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), adenocarcinoma (ADC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that the gut microbiome of lung cancer patients is characterized by decreased relative abundance of Prevotella, and increased bacteria groups such as Actinomyces, and Streptococcus, etc. We also detected an obvious structural shift in gut microbiome between ADC and SCLC patients. However, given the limited number of study cases, the association between microbial dysbiosis and lung cancer is not clearly understood, future studies involving larger cohorts and metagenomics, or metabolomics, may elucidate the correlations between gut microbiota and lung cancer development.
Pharmaceutical Quality of Antimalarial Drugs: Quinine Sulfate and Artemether/lumefantrine Tablets Sold on Bukavu Market 
Authors: Mahano Aladin Ombeni , Mahano Aline Zawadi , Cubaka Nelson Hendwa , Kasali Félicien Mushagalusa , Zirirane Benjamin Bavurhe , Namegabe Lucien Murhula , Hamuli Pacifique Murhula , Kadima Ntokamunda Justin
Published: February 2021

Background: Malaria is a tropical parasitic disease caused by Plasmodium species, mainly falciparum, transmitted by the female Anopheles mosquito, strongly affecting sub-Saharan Africa and Indian areas. Generic antimalarial drugs sold in these regions require tighter quality control as counterfeiting has grown more and more out of control. The study aimed to analyze the pharmaceutical quality of Quinine sulfate and Artemether/Lumefantrine tablets marketed in Bukavu city compared to current trends in other African cities. Methods: We set up 13 simple TLC and UV spectrometric quality-control tests and applied them to analyze five Quinine brands divided into 12 batches and two Artemether/Lumefantrine brands divided into 12 batches. Quality scores were expressed as a percentage of compliance with each or the whole set of 13 tests. The samples were collected from community pharmacies and ambulatory street vendors. For comparison, available literature data related to the subject was retrieved from Google Scholar and PubMed search. Results: The analysis showed 16.6% of QS batches failed quality specifications concerning hardness, friability, and uniformity of mass; 66.6% failed the disintegration test; 33.3% did not contain quinine, and 8.33% had an active ingredient other than quinine. Only 3 batches exhibited a global score >90%. For Artemether/Lumefantrine, 93% of batches had an acceptable quality score >90%. Conclusion: The findings strongly support literature data from many countries. Simple TLC procedures may help to detect any low-quality generics to avoid microbial resistance and guarantee the health of the population. Pharmacists and regulatory authorities are alerted to the circulation of low-quality generic quinine preparations in the country.
Molecular Investigation of Canine Babesiosis in and Around Bhubaneswar, India
Authors: Panda Charchika , Dehuri Manaswini , Panda Mitra Ranjan , Sahoo Lakshman Kumar , Mohanty Bijayendranath
Published: February 2021

Canine babesiosis, a hemolytic protozoan disease represents an important veterinary problem caused primarily by large and small forms of piroplasms of Babesia spp. A molecular-based survey on the overall occurrence of natural Babesia infection in stray(n=98 ) and pet dogs(n=100) from Bhubaneswar and nearby areas using PCR technique targeting 18s RNA gene fragment along with genetic sequence analysis was carried out. A total of 38 (pet:22, stray:16) samples (19.19%) were found positive for babesiosis based on the amplification of 450 bp amplicon region of the gene while 4 samples (0.02%) showed co-infection with Hepatozoon canis. The sequenced PCR products were submitted to NCBI ,and on BLAST analysis the isolates with accession no KT246303, KT246306, KT246307 showing similarity with Babesia vogeli, while KT246305 was identical to B.gibsoni isolates and KT246304 was identical to Hepatozoon canis. This is the first report on the molecular diagnosis of canine babesiosis in the state. PCR assay was found to be more precise over microscopic diagnosis, the use of more specific and sensitive tests along with more samples could aid in a better understanding of the epidemiology of canine babesiosis in this region.
Accumulation and Translocation of Toxic Elements From Contaminated Soils, Nigeria: Implications for Phytomining and Hazards to Humans
Authors: Ameh Eneojo G , Kolawole Samuel M , Idakwo Sunday O , Ojonimi Ile O
Published: February 2021

Soil pollution by heavy metals and their health effect on human are pressing issues of the environment caused by human activities. Plant’s accumulation and translocation potentials were investigated to determine their suitability for phytoremedial purposes, their ability to serve as reservoir for recovery of additional economic amount of metals and the potential of the edibles/vegetables to cause harm to humans when consumed. The plant and soil samples were collected, prepared, digested in acid mixture of H2O2 and HNO3 for plants and Li2B4O7 - LiBO2 for soils and were analysed. The analyses were carried out to determine the concentration of these metals in soil, their accumulation and translocation in plant parts. The data acquired were evaluated using bioconcentration (BCF), translocation factor (TF), bioaccumulation coefficient (BAC), metal uptake efficiency (ME%) and hierarchical cluster analysis to determine hyperaccumulators, phytoextractors, phytostabilizers, metal source plants and metals that could be toxic to humans through intake of roots, grains/seeds, fruits and leaves as vegetables. ANOVA analysis revealed that the data were significant at p <0.05. Correlation and cluster analyses were employed to understand the relationships between variables determined. From this study, CA, COA and LA were hyperaccumulators of Co at various points. Arsenic has only phytostabilizers. COA and LA were phytostabilizers of Cd while Sida acuta was the only phytoextractor. Chromium, Co and Cd have prospect of being phytomined from some of the plants. Vegetables/edibles values in shoots and leaves were above permissible levels for Cr, Co and Cd. The metal uptake efficacy (%) were in this order Co (28.99 to 89.08) > Cd (21.74 to 50.96) >Cr (22.90 to 49.06) > and As (9.65 to 39.19).
Gradual increases in dyslipidemia among male patients with human immunodeficiency virus primarily treated with tenofovir plus lamivudine plus efavirenz: a 3-year follow-up study
Authors: liu dafeng , ZHANG Xingyi , Kang Jun , Gao Fengjiao , He Yinsheng , He Shenghua
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Since the development of antiretroviral therapy (ART) with TDF plus 3TC plus EFV, this specific regimen has not been studied enough with long-term lipid and uric monitoring.Methods: A prospective follow-up cohort study was performed. Sixty-one treatment-naive male patients with HIV were divided into three groups based on their baseline CD4+ T cell count (26, 12, and 23 patients in the <200, 200 to 350, and >350 groups, respectively). The lipid and purine metabolism parameters of the patients over 144 weeks were analyzed.Result: TG, TC, LDL-c and HDL-c levels all gradually increased over 144 weeks, but the increases in TC levels and HDL-c levels were significant (P=0.001, 0.000, respectively). Moreover, the percentages of hypercholesterolemia, hyper LDL cholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia all showed gradual and nonsignificant increases; the percentage of low HDL cholesterolemia showed a gradual and significant decrease (P=0.0007). Furthermore, the lower the baseline CD4+ T lymphocyte counts were, the higher the TG levels were and the lower the TC, LDL-c and HDL-c levels were. However, only baseline LDL-c levels differed significantly between the three groups (P=0.0457). Although the UA level and the percentages of hyperuricemia gradually increased over 144 weeks, there was no significant difference between the different follow-up time point groups or between the three CD4+ T cell count groups (all P>0.05). Further analyses revealed that the main factors contributing to lipid metabolism were age, anthropometric parameters and follow-up weeks, and virus load was the main factor contributing to uric acid levels.Conclusions: These findings provide a reference for clinicians to monitor lipid metabolism parameters closely during long-term ART with the TDF plus 3TC plus EFV regimen.
New stability criteria for stochastic perturbed singular
systems in mean square
Authors: Caraballo Thomas , Ezzine Faten , Hammami Mohamed ali
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we investigate the problem of stability of time-varying stochastic perturbed singular systems by using Lyapunov techniques under the assumption that the initial con- ditions are consistent. Sucient conditions on uniform exponential stability and practical uniform exponential stability in mean square of solutions of stochastic perturbed singular systems are obtained based upon Lyapunov techniques. Furthermore, we study the prob- lem of stability and stabilization of some classes of stochastic singular systems. Eventually, we provide a numerical example to validate the e ectiveness of the abstract results of this paper.
Impact of polymer blending on Ionic Conduction Mechanism and Dielectric Properties of Sodium based PEO-PVdF Solid Polymer Electrolyte Systems
Authors: Mallaiah Yalla , JEEDI VENKATA RAMANA , Swarnalatha R. , Raju A. , Reddy S. Narender , A SADANANDA CHARY
Published: February 2021

Solid polymer blend electrolyte systems have been prepared with Poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO), Poly (Vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and complexed with Sodium Nitrate (NaNO 3 ) salt by using solution cast technique. The complexion of salt with polymer blend has been confirmed by X-Ray diffraction, Fourier Transmission Infrared Spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopic studies. AC and DC conductivity studies of these polymer blends were carried out by changing the weight percentages of PEO and PVDF with a constant weight percentage of NaNO 3 . The electric modulus (M ' ) and the dielectric properties for all the polymer blend systems have been investigated with impedance spectroscopic analysis as a function of frequency ranging from 100- 30MHz. The ionic conductivity of the blend polymer electrolyte systems followed Arrhenius behaviour and the maximum ionic conductivity was observed for PEO:PVdF:NaNO 3 (80:20:5) at room temperature which is attributed to the formation of the amorphous phase.
The Reliability and Validity of Turkish Version of The School-Based Asthma and Allergy Screening Questionnaires
Authors: KILIC Mahmut , Ede Ghaniya , Uzuncakmak Tugba
Published: February 2021

Background: Asthma is an important public health problem affecting children, causing school absenteeism and hospitalization. The aim of this study is to assess the validity and reliability for diagnostic accuracy of the Turkish version of the asthma and allergy screening questionnaire.Methods: This study included primary and secondary school students from grades 2 to 7, and their parents or caregivers. For validity, 40 children with asthma and 39 children with allergy diagnosed by the questionnaire were used to determine the sensitivity, and specificity was calculated by using the data of 100 children without asthma and allergies. For reliability, the Spearman correlation was used for dependent groups, for validity, the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was used. Results: When the questionnaire cut-off point was 2/3 for asthma, according to the student and parent form, the sensitivity was 80.0% and 82.5%, and the specificity was 56.6% and 76.8%, respectively. When the questionnaire cut-off point was 0/1 for allergies, according to the student and parent questionnaire, the sensitivity was 74.4% and 84.6%, and the specificity was 66.3% and 54.2%, respectively. The reliability of the asthma and allergy questionnaires test-retest correlation values (≥0.68) of both questionnaires were found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: According to the Turkish questionnaire of the students and their parents, questionnaire sensitivity for asthma and allergy was similar in proportion to the original questionnaire. The Turkish version of the questionnaire can be used for asthma and allergy screening in schools.