bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uji efektivitas kombinasi ekstrak rimpang lengkuas merah (Alpinia purpurata) dan minyak zaitun sebagai antijamur Pityrosporum ovale
Authors: Marfu'ah Nurul , Sulikhah Novia Anggreani , Fajri Mathla’il , Suciati Anugerah
Published: September 2024

Indonesia memiliki iklim tropis dan kelembapan yang tinggi sehingga membuat potensi tumbuhnya ketombe yang disebabkan oleh jamur Pityrosporum ovale semakin tinggi. Lengkuas merah memiliki senyawa eugenol, sedangkan minyak zaitun memiliki senyawa fenolik yang berfungsi sebagai antifungi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektivitas kombinasi ekstrak rimpang lengkuas merah dan minyak zaitun sebagai antijamur Pityrosporum ovale.  Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental, proses esktraksi lengkuas merah menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut n-heksan. Uji daya hambat pertumbuhan jamur Pityrosporum ovale dengan metode difusi menggunakan paper disc. Kombinasi ekstrak rimpang lengkuas merah dan minyak zaitun yaitu P1 (25%:75%), P2 (75%:25%), P3 (50%:50%), P4 (100%:0%), P5 (0%:100%), kontrol positif (ketoconazole 2%) dan kontrol negatif (DMSO 1%). Data berupa zona hambat dianalisis menggunakan one way ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Pos-hoc LSD. Program statistic yang digunakan adalah SPSS 24.0 dengan taraf signifikansi 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi ekstrak n-heksan rimpang lengkuas merah dan minyak zaitun efektif sebagai antijamur Pityrosporum ovale (p < 0,05). Kombinasi ekstrak n-heksan rimpang lengkuas merah 75% dengan minyak zaitun 25% (P2) paling efektif sebagai antijamur Pityrosporum ovale dengan zona hambat 11,14 mm (kriteria hambat kuat).
Effect of extraction method on total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Terminalia catappa (L.) leaves
Authors: Akmal Tubagus , Julianti Andi Ika , Tanjung Yenni Puspita , Mutiara Pipyt , Febriyanti Sapitri
Published: September 2024

The potential for encountering free radicals poses a significant concern. Ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) is a plant with antioxidant properties due to secondary metabolites, specifically phenolic compounds. The objective of this study was to determine the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of ketapang leaves through the utilization of several extraction techniques. The extraction of Ketapang leaves is conducted using various methods, namely maceration, stirring-assisted extraction (SAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) with 1:10 solid-solvent ratio. The total phenolic content of the Ketapang leaf extract was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu technique and quantified using a UV-Visible spectrophotometer set at a wavelength of 782nm. Meanwhile, antioxidant activity measurements were carried out using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and measured at a wavelength of 516nm. The study investigated the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Ketapang leaf extract using the maceration method of stirring-assisted extraction (SAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), respectively, were 68.495%+2.891, 75.709%+0.106, 84.269%+0.159, and 65.065%+3.965 mgGAE/g and 20.891, 17.569, 15.427, and 21.353 µg/mL. The findings of this study indicate that the ultrasound-assisted extraction technique exhibits the greatest overall phenolic content and antioxidant activity.
 
Keywords: antioxidant, Terminalia catappa, total phenolic content, ultrasound-assisted extraction
Analisis Dhikr sebagai Kesadaran Tauhid dalam Surah Thaha [20] Ayat 14: Perspektif Al-Tafsir Mafatih Al-Ghayb dan Semiotika Karl Buhler
Authors: Naria Eva , Hizbullah Khaidir Piet , Harmuzi M. Arromu
Published: September 2024

The pronunciation of dhikr in the Qur'an is mentioned 292 times, with various forms of the word derivation (sighat). One form of the word in the form of isim masdar is found in QS. Thaha [20]: 14. This research is a library research with an analysis approach of the Qur'an (interpretation) and philosophy. The method used in this study is the method of philosophical interpretation of Muhammad Fakhr al-Din al-Razi and Karl Buhler's Psycholinguistic Semiotics. The main objective of this study is to determine the relationship between dhikr and tauhid. The researcher describes data about the concept of dhikr in the Qur'an Surah Thaha [20]: 14 perspectives of al-Tafsir Mafatih al-Ghayb and Karl Buhler's Psycholinguistic Semiotics. The results obtained from this study are that dhikr as monotheistic awareness is not enough to be done only with theoretical knowledge. Monotheism that is carried out only with theoretical knowledge will only be informative. Therefore, it is necessary to have an awareness of knowledge and an actual awareness that is affirmative in nature, to achieve true monotheism.
Meneropong Fenomena Flexing dalam al-Qur’an: Analisis Semantik Ayat QS. Al-Ḥadīd: 20
Authors: Sandimula Nur Shadiq , Syarifuddin Syarifuddin , Jamal Ridwan
Published: September 2024

Advancements in information technology and its central feature of global connectivity permit the exchange of information and interactions among diverse cultures and religions. Social media platforms have released the boundaries of geographical stretch and demographic regions that approve the infiltration of particular mindsets, lifestyles, and behavioral tendencies. The use of social media in the public sphere has led to a distinctive social behavior in the form of lifestyle dubbed flexing. The flexing lifestyle is a behavioral phenomenon to exhibit one's wealth and self-achievement to urge society to be wasteful. This study aims to examine the phenomenon of flexing from the perspective of the Qur'an; analyze the term al-ḥayāt al-dunyā in the verse of QS. al-Ḥadīd [57]: 20. This research employs interpretive-qualitative analysis using a semantic analysis approach designed by Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas in examining conceptual meanings in the Qur'an. The results of this study indicate that flexing is a nefarious consumption behavior in socio-economic theory refers as emulative consumption. This behavior has become a lifestyle and has impacted the community's mode of living. This lifestyle in the Qur'anic term is called al-ḥayāt al-dunyā, semantically a lowly lifestyle. This concept emerges from a semantic analysis of the phrase al-ḥayāt al-dunyā comprising the meanings la'ib (game), lahw (joking), zīnah (things that are dear to human lust), tafākhur (proud of one's achievements in facade of people), takāṡur (competing in the accumulation of wealth), farḥ (momentary happiness), matā' (temporary pleasure), and ghurūr (something that deceives). In the light of the Qur'an, this behavior is a demeanor mode of living, because it disregards the disobedient from remembering God and the afterlife.
Isyarah ‘Ilmiyyah (Sains) dalam Al-Qur’an Surah Al-Syams Ayat 1-5 Perspektif Zaghloul Raghib Muhammad An-Najjar
Authors: Habibullah Ilham , Rifaannudin Mahmud , Suharto Ahmad , Nurhidayah Maudi
Published: September 2024

Research on scientific signs can provide a deeper understanding of the scientific content of the Quran, but the lack of integration between Quranic scholarly studies and modern scientific studies has led to a gap in the understanding of Muslims regarding the Quran. Based on this issue, the researcher aims to uncover the scientific signs behind Surah Ash-Shams verses 1-5, such as the sun, moon, day, night, and the sky. This research refers to the commentary of Zaghloul An-Najjar due to his expertise in the field of earth sciences, making the study more effective in revealing the truth of the Quran. The research method used is qualitative with a scientific-themed maudhui commentary approach. This study is a literature review using descriptive analysis methods. The results obtained from this research are: Firstly, the immense benefits and materials of sunlight cannot be replaced by human-made alternatives. Secondly, the natural phenomena called solar and lunar eclipses. Thirdly, sunlight influences the production of serotonin hormone during the day, while the increasing darkness of the night helps the production of melatonin hormone. Fourthly, behind the visible sunlight, there is a daytime layer surrounding the earth above the Earth's atmospheric layer, allowing solar energy to reach the Earth. Finally, the vastness of the sky in outer space is discussed, leading to various galaxies and clusters of galaxies.
Al-Ghazali’s Thought on Creative Thinking
Authors: Darojat Much Hasan , Yenrizal Yenrizal , Izfanna Duna
Published: September 2024

This article aims to discuss the model of creativity initiated by al-Ghazali. His contribution on creative thinking seems relevant to be studied as an answer to the problem of cheese and stagnant thinking to solve various problems. Creativity that boils down to the ability of reason is not just a creation to seek something new, but there is a divine element emitted to the human mind. Therefore, in facing the problems of the Ummah that arise, creative solutions are needed that are in line with Islamic teachings. However, what happens in society most problems cannot be resolved and even tend to end in conflicts and conflicts between groups. In presenting this concept, al-Ghazali analyzed al-Asmā’ al-Ḥusnās theological terms such as al-Khāliq, al-Bāri’, al-Muṣawwir, al-Badī’. Then relate to other aspects with the power of the internal senses such as common sense, thinking, imagination, estimation, and memory. This article is a literature review that applies qualitative methods through content analysis to express what is written in al-Ghazali’s works. Two findings in this study. First, al-Ghazali’s concept of creativity is principled from al-Asmā’ al-Ḥusnā which is implemented by humans in everyday life by following what is exemplified by Allah, the Almighty, in His attributes. Man’s potential to think creatively follows God’s creativity in creating His creatures. Second, human creativity can be seen from the role and results of the relationship between the five senses and the internal senses of a human being which continues to be developed in daily activities. These two senses work together to show humans the process of how to perceive the surrounding reality and then create to develop it. This implies sincerity in utilizing creativity in thinking to provide solutions to mankind to various problems in life.
Pemikiran Etika Perang Imām al-Shawkānī: Analisis Teori Just War dan Relevansi Konflik Israel-Palestina
Authors: Rizaka Maghza , Muhid Muhid , Nurita Andris , Badi' Syamsul , Kharmain Muhammad Miftah
Published: September 2024

This research analyzes Imām al-Shawkānī’s thoughts on war ethics within the Just War theory perspective, using the book “Nayl al-Awṭār.” The Israel-Palestine conflict is seen as an example of the abuse of power in just war ethics to the detriment of Palestinian civilians. Just War theory emphasises justice, proportionality and protection of civilians, yet Israel's military operations often violate these principles. Imām al-Shawkānī's thought in Nayl al-Awṭār had an Islamic perspective that emphasised justice and humanity in war. Integrating Just War principles with al-Shawkānī's ethics of war can provide a strong ethical framework to evaluate military actions in the Israel-Palestine conflict and seek a more just solution. Through a library research method and descriptive analysis, this study aims to contribute to the explanation of the connection between religion, ethics, and armed conflict, while promoting international peace and justice. Its practical implications highlight the significance of strengthening Islamic values in facing foreign cultural dominance, while its contemporary relevance underscores the necessity of upholding international law and human rights conventions in addressing armed conflicts. Thus, this research not only provides new insights into the ethics of war in Islam but also highlights the importance of actions to uphold humanity and justice in global armed conflicts.
O Uso de Tecnologias de Gestão por Instituições de Segurança Pública e Defesa Social: Análise Bibliométrica de Tendências, Temas e Padrões de Colaboração
Authors: DE OLIVEIRA ELIAS RICARDO , De Paiva Júnior Fernando Gomes , DA SILVA SOARES ITALO CAVALCANTE
Published: September 2024

Objetivo da pesquisa: Realizar uma análise bibliométrica sobre o uso de tecnologias de gestão em segurança pública e defesa social.
Enquadramento teórico: Utilizamos as leis da bibliometria, como a Lei de Lotka, Lei de Bradford, Lei de Price e Lei de Zipf, como fundamentos teóricos desta pesquisa.
Metodologia: Realizamos uma busca de artigos nas bases de dados WoS e SCOPUS, utilizando os descritores "police" e "management technologies". Foram selecionados 148 artigos em 87 revistas científicas publicadas entre 2017 e 2022. A análise bibliométrica considerou indicadores como crescimento anual, idade média dos documentos, referências, autores e coautores por documento.
Resultados: A distribuição de impacto nos periódicos destaca a interdisciplinaridade e a concentração em alguns periódicos. Há desigualdade na produtividade acadêmica, com a maioria dos autores publicando apenas um artigo. As palavras-chave mais citadas indicam interesse em inovações tecnológicas e justiça criminal inteligente, impulsionados por avanços tecnológicos.
Originalidade: Este estudo contribui para o avanço do conhecimento ao aplicar as leis da bibliometria no contexto das tecnologias de gestão em segurança pública e defesa social, fornecendo insights sobre tendências, temas e padrões de colaboração na área.
Contribuições teóricas e práticas: Os resultados obtidos podem auxiliar pesquisadores interessados no estudo do uso de tecnologias pelas agências policiais e seu impacto nas ações das corporações. Além disso, gestores de segurança pública e defesa social podem se beneficiar dessas informações, obtendo insights sobre práticas e desafios enfrentados no campo, bem como orientações para aprimorar a eficácia do sistema de justiça criminal e garantir a segurança das comunidades.
Palavras-chave: Inovação pública. Tecnologias de gestão. Segurança pública. Defesa social.
Índice de Vulnerabilidade Social Juvenil no Maranhão: Avaliação e Recomendações para Políticas Públicas
Authors: VASCONCELOS LOAYZA ANA CECÍLIA , CAMPOS KILMER COELHO
Published: September 2024

Objetivo da pesquisa: criação do Índice de Vulnerabilidade Social Juvenil (IVSJ) dos municípios maranhenses com o propósito de analisar a situação de vulnerabilidade da população jovem da faixa etária de 15 a 29 anos.
Enquadramento teórico:  baseia-se no entendimento do conceito de vulnerabilidade social para identificar as múltiplas dimensões associadas à privação de bem-estar, e da vulnerabilidade juvenil quanto ao não acesso a determinados insumos como educação, trabalho, saúde, lazer e cultura, diminuindo as chances para a ascensão social dos jovens nessa situação.
Metodologia: a construção do índice foi baseada na aplicação da técnica multivariada de análise fatorial e seu cálculo permitiu a classificação dos municípios maranhenses conforme faixas de vulnerabilidade predefinidas e a geração de um ranking dos municípios maranhenses.
Resultados: os resultados indicam que mais da metade dos jovens maranhenses residem em municípios classificados nas faixas de alta e muito alta vulnerabilidade social juvenil, apresentando piores condições quanto à inserção no mercado de trabalho, à escolaridade, ao nível de renda, infraestrutura municipal e atraso escolar. Por outro lado, os resultados sugerem que os jovens residentes em municípios classificados nas faixas de baixa vulnerabilidade estejam mais vulneráveis em relação à violência.
Originalidade:  construção de instrumento que permite analisar a vulnerabilidade de jovens em suas especificidades quanto a educação, bem-estar social e violência em nível municipal para um contexto mais recente.
Contribuições teóricas e práticas: visa contribuir com a literatura com informações a respeito da população jovem do estado que apresenta altos níveis de vulnerabilidade e pobreza do Brasil, e no aperfeiçoamento de índices sintéticos que possam auxiliar pesquisadores e gestores públicos.
Wearable Disposable Electrotherapy
Authors: FallahRad Mohamad , Chaudhry Zeeshan , Koochesfahani Mojtaba Belali , Bhuiyan Rayyan , Zaman Mahdi , Liu Tiffany , Saha Kisholoy , Uraga Miguel Diaz , Thahsin Myesha , Donnery Kyle , Babaev Benjamin , Saw Matthew , Rddad Ayman , Velarde Osvaldo , Couzis Alexander , Bikson Marom
Published: September 2024

We design and validate a novel electrotherapy platform without electronic components, using printed abundant, environmentally benign materials. Whereas existing electrotherapy devices use an independent power source and electronics to generate and control stimulation currents, our design eliminates the need for these components. Device production relies only on scalable additive manufacturing and common materials, minimizing cost and environmental impact. The disposable single-use platform (as discreet as adhesive bandages) is activated simply by placement on the body. A prescribed electrotherapy discharge is regulated by a flexible 3D electrochemical architecture tailored to each application by a novel operational theory. The single-dose usability of this platform is a categorical shift from existing approaches with durable equipment that require programming and assembly to disposable electrodes for each use. Our Wearable Disposable Electrotherapy technology can be distributed like pharmacotherapy, with indications spanning neuromodulation of brain disorders, wound healing, transcutaneous drug delivery, bioelectronic medicine, and aesthetics.
Disentangling Climate and Policy Uncertainties for the Colorado River Post-2026 Operations
Authors: Wang Bowen , Bass Benjamin , Hall Alex , Rahimi Stefan , Huang Lei
Published: September 2024

Lakes Mead and Powell in the Colorado River Basin are a critically important source of water and hydroelectric power for the western United States. While the policies currently regulating the basin are set to expire by 2026, planning remains challenging due to intertwined climate variability and policy uncertainties. Based on streamflow projections from 10 dynamically downscaled CMIP6 global climate models, we evaluate future conditions at both reservoirs under existing and alternative policies, including the most recent proposals at the time of this study. We build upon our CMIP6 ensemble by developing methods that add and remove internal variability to robustly characterize how the policies respond to future hydrologic conditions. Under existing policy, the reservoirs will face substantial risks before 2060, with at least 80% likelihood of reaching dead pool at least once. Adopting any of the alternative policies can reduce but not eliminate the risks of Mead reaching a dead or inactive pool, while the risks at Powell remain high. All policies can exhibit tipping points where the reservoir levels can change rapidly with only a slight change in natural flow. We argue that a robust policy should buffer the reservoir from such sudden changes under all conditions, and yield reservoir storage and water delivery outcomes consistent with changes in hydrologic conditions.
Deciphering The Prognostic Impact of Aberrant DNA Methylation on ANGPT1 Gene in Breast Cancer
Authors: Alsaleem Mansour , Sindi Samar , Alhazmi Safiah , Hassan Sabah , Ganash Magdah , Alburae Najla , Alkhayyat Shadi , Linjawi Ayman , Elemi Aisha , Alharthy Saif A. , Algothmi Khloud , Farsi Reem , Alrefaei Ghadeer , Alsubhi Nouf , Hamdi Norah , Alkhatabi Heba
Published: September 2024

Breast cancer (BC) is a multifaceted disease distinguished by a range of molecular subtypes and varying clinical prognoses. The involvement of DNA methylation in the dysregulation of gene expression has been linked to the development and progression of BC. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between ANGPT1 gene expression and DNA methylation in BC patients. Eight Saudi female blood samples were used to undergo for whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) and RNA sequencing for the identification of novel DNA methylation targets. Several public domain BC datasets including the METABRIC cohort, TCGA, and Kaplan Meier Plotter datasets, were used to explore the prognostic significance of ANGPT1 gene. Then, the demethylation agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine was used to examine the potential association between DNA methylation and ANGPT1 expression. Finally, the validation was conducted on 49 Saudi females using methylight techniques. Our results shows that upregulation of ANGPT1 gene expression exhibited hypomethylation pattern in BC samples. these results were confirmed by MCF7 cell line experiments. Demethylating using 5-aza in MCF7 and MCF10A showed a high expression of ANGPT1 in both cell lines. ANGPT1 mRNA expression was found to poor prognostic biomarker and lower BCSS in BC patients. The potential importance of abnormal DNA methylation in the development and advancement of BC is significant. ANGPT1 may function as an oncogene and has the potential to serve as a predictive biomarker for BC.
Academic early warning model based on machine learning and model application
Authors: Qiang Li , Yihan Liu , Rui Ma , Qike Wu
Published: September 2024

With the expansion of higher education, the uncertainty of students' academic completion and the diversity of academic crises have posed new challenges to the management of higher education. This study aims to design and implement a dynamic academic early warning system based on machine learning to predict and intervene in students' academic crisis. By analyzing the causes of academic crisis, Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation with Analytic Hierarchy Process (FCE-AHP) method is used to construct an academic early warning indicator system containing 10 key indicators, and ensured the scientificity and rationality of the indicator system through expert scoring and consistency test. On this basis, a radial basis function (RBF) neural network was used to construct an academic early warning model, which outperforms the recurrent neural network (RNN) and Softmax regression model in terms of prediction accuracy and convergence speed. The system was developed using HyperText Markup Language (HTML), Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), JavaScript and Python to achieve a user-friendly human-computer interaction interface and provide personalized academic alert services. The experimental results show that the system has high sensitivity and correct recognition ability when dealing with large-scale student datasets, with an accuracy rate of 96.32% and a root mean square error of 0.2926, which meets the practical requirements of academic early warning. The results of this study not only provide a new academic early warning tool for colleges, but also have important practical value for promoting the construction of smart campus and digital campus.
Organic farming significantly improves microbial community structure, network complexity, and functional diversity in the Gannan navel orange orchard
Authors: Liu Lianlian , Muneer Muhammad Atif , Zhong Yanting , He Boyi , Li Xuexian
Published: September 2024

In recent years, improper agricultural management practices have led to the loss of biodiversity and poor fruit quality in orchards. Converting conventional farming to organic farming is an environmentally responsible approach to improving sustainable fruit production. However, questions remain regarding how the microbial community responds to different farming practices in citrus trees. Here, we explored and compared the microbial community structure and functional diversity of the Gannan navel orange orchard under organic and conventional farming using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and Biolog Eco-Plate analysis. The results showed that the microbial diversity (α-diversity index) under organic farming was higher than that under conventional farming, especially in the soil and fruit. The predominant bacteria found in the soil, root, leaf, and fruit were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, and Firmicutes. However, distinct abundance patterns were observed under different farming practices. Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes were more abundant in root and fruit compartments under organic farming, indicating that organic farming promotes the enrichment of copiotrophic bacteria (r-strategists). Furthermore, organic farming resulted in a considerable increase in the relative abundance of Burkholderia and Streptomyces in root tissues (the genus level), indicating that organic farming probably favors the proliferation of beneficial microorganisms and antagonists of pathogenic species. Interestingly, organic farming exhibited a more complex microbial network. Biolog analysis further revealed higher functional diversity of the soil microbial community under organic farming when compared with that under conventional farming. These findings provide evidence that organic farming improves the microbial community structure and promotes its functional diversity in the citrus orchards, contributing to the overall health and production of the citrus crop.
Transcriptome analysis to explore the molecular mechanisms involved in the dormancy-arousal process in Pomacea canaliculata
Authors: Wang Gang , Liu Rongcheng , Yin Chijie , Chen Yu , Pang Aobo , Ji Qiuting , Wei Mengjun , Guo Hao , Shen Yutong , Wang Fang , Hou Shouquan , Zhang Huabin , Jiang Senhao , Tang Boping , Chen Lianfu , Zhang Daizhen
Published: September 2024

The apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata), a freshwater snail listed as a pernicious invasive alien species by the World Conservation Union (IUCN), has caused serious agricultural and ecological harm worldwide. The species enters dormancy under extreme environmental stress and does not lift the dormant state until the environment is suitable, which is an important survival strategy. In order to investigate its survival mechanism under environmental stress conditions, the present study was carried out to investigate the response of apple snails to air exposure stress through air exposure stress treatment and transcriptome analysis, using apple snails living normally under water conditions as control (CK), and to excavate the relevant mechanisms regulating their drought tolerance, dormancy and arousal. The results showed that the 5-, 15- and 30-day air-exposure stress treatment groups (DRY05, DRY15 and DRY30) showed a general down-regulation of metabolism-related pathways, including starch and sucrose metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, glutathione metabolism and glycosaminoglycan degradation, compared with the CK group. Moreover, Apoptosis, intercellular adhesion, insulin resistance, and immune status of apple snails were also significantly changed during dormancy. These changes help the apple snail to reduce energy expenditure and maintain vital activities. In addition, this study found that pathways related to cell cycle, immune signalling and intercellular adhesion were significantly affected when apple snails enter dormancy (DRY01) and arousal (RCY01). This study provides a reference for understanding the tolerance of apple snails to extreme environments, and provides a basic theory for apple snail biocontrol research.
Study on the instability characteristics and precursor signals of pressure relief in large diameter boreholes in coal seam
Authors: Shao Caijun , Zhou Jincheng , Zhang Heng , Liu Guangjian , Lu Weiyong , Xu Yudong , Liang Liang
Published: September 2024

To investigate the mechanisms of instability and precursor information related to coal seam large diameter borehole depressurization. Based on the fine-scale numerical experiment with Universal Distinct Element Code (UDEC) and the macro failure experiment in the laboratory, the influence of borehole parameters on coal sample damage and failure was studied from the perspectives of stress, micro cracking, failure mode, and acoustic emission (AE) information. The results show that the borehole parameters mainly affect the micro damage mechanism of coal samples in the form of shear cracks. The secant modulus and compressive strength of coal sample decrease with the increase of borehole diameter, the shear crack decreases rapidly, and the degree of cavity deformation increases. The compressive strength and impact properties of coal can be effectively reduced after borehole. According to the failure pattern of coal samples, it is found that adjusting the borehole parameters can control the fracture development of coal samples and determine the final failure pattern to a certain extent. The continuous expansion of small energy micro fracture events will lead to large energy local fracture events, and then produce high stress concentration around boreholes, accelerate the intersection of local fracture areas, and lead to the overall instability of coal samples. The research provides a scientific basis for the selection and optimization of the parameters of large-diameter depressurization borehole in coal seam, and has a good guiding significance for the prevention and control of coal burst and the monitoring and early warning.
Simple Method for Ficus Trees Trimming Biowaste Reuse in Production of Biochar as Soil Improvement Material for Drylands
Authors: Genedy Mohamed Kamal , ElNadi Mohamed El-Hosseiny , Abdelmomen Mahmoud Mohamed , Hassan Nany Aly
Published: September 2024

Biochar was created using a simple low-cost kiln that was designed to process any biowaste. The kiln consisted of an inside cylindrical chamber of total capacity 0.272 m3. The temperature of pyrolysis may be raised to 550°C at a rate of 5°C per minute. We looked at five residence times (2,2.5,3,4, and 5 hours) to see how temperature affected the quality of the biochars. The surfaces of the generated biochars were measured for elemental compositions, chemical and physical characteristics, and elemental analysis. The production of trimmings from Ficus trees dropped as the pyrolysis temperature increased from 500°C. As the temperature of pyrolysis increased, the output of volatile matter also dropped. As the pyrolysis temperature rose, so did the ash content and fixed C in biochar from Ficus trees trimmings.
Evaluating the Role of Monovalent and Divalent Salts on Interfacial Tension Reduction Using Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots for Enhanced Oil Recovery
Authors: Gholamzadeh Younes , Sharifi Mohammad , Hemmati-Sarapardeh Abdolhossein
Published: September 2024

Nanofluids based on carbon dots (CDs) effectively reduce interfacial tension (IFT) in enhanced oil recovery (EOR), but their stability against salt ions can be compromised by structural defects. Divalent ions like Ca2+ and Mg2+ can destabilize CDs, causing precipitation, while salts can also enhance IFT reduction. This study evaluates the impact of salt concentration and CD type on IFT between crude oil and water, examining various synthesis parameters and nitrogen-doping reactants. Characterization and IFT tests reveal that T_CDs have the highest polarity, with Ca2+ ions most destabilizing CDs and Mg2+ ions most effectively reducing IFT when CDs are stable. NaCl significantly reduces IFT in low-polar E_CDs (18.3 mN/m), while Ca2+ and Mg2+ increase IFT due to instability. In high-polar T_CDs, NaCl’s IFT reduction ability decreases (0.67 mN/m), but Ca2+ and Mg2+ more effectively reduce IFT by occupying interface sites (2.53 and 3.37 mN/m, respectively). Moderate-polar U_CDs show varied IFT reduction based on salt type and concentration. Longer reaction times and increased citric acid as a reactant enhance CD polarity and IFT reduction for MgCl2 (8.88 mN/m) and CaCl2 (5.3 mN/m) while reducing NaCl’s impact. These findings highlight the complex interactions between nitrogen-doped CDs and salts, providing valuable insights for optimizing EOR operations in dense rock reservoirs.
Prediction of Air Temperature and Relative Humidity in Greenhouse based on Neural Network Model
Authors: Yan Caixia , Ta Na , Zhen Qi , Sun Yunfeng , Liu Kunyu , Li Xiaokai
Published: September 2024

Greenhouse environmental factors such as temperature and humidity are critical environmental factors influencing plant development, quality, and production quantity, therefore, it is crucial to predict the temperature and humidity. In this study, a back propagation(BP)neural network was proposed to model the temperature and relative humidity of a greenhouse and have obtained a high accuracy pridiction modole. The model considered both internal and external environmental factors influencing crop growth, the best pridiction result accurred when input featurears are outdoor temperature, relative humidity, irradiation intensity and previors indoor temperature and relative humidity,with 9d of training data set, in which the R2 of temperature is 0.999, the RMSE is 0.299℃,and error range is[ -0.240℃, 0.781℃], and the R2 of relative humidity is 0.999, the RMSE is 0.657%, and the error range is [-0.766%, 1.995%]. This model can be used to forecast the temperature and humidity of a greenhouse and guide the control of the temperature and humidity of a greenhouse.
The Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Mediating Roles of Social Isolation and Functional Limitations
Authors: Zhu Yan , Yin Haojie , Zhong Xianli , Wang Li , Zhang Qin , Jia Ping
Published: September 2024

Background
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are among the factors affecting cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults, but the combined effects of ACEs, social isolation and functional limitations on cognitive function have not been fully explored.
Methods
This study used data from 6,412 middle-aged and older adults from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and the 2014 CHARLS Life Histories Survey. Mplus 8.0 software was used to construct a structural equation model with ACEs as the independent variable, cognitive function as the dependent variable, and social isolation and functional limitations as mediating variables.
Results
In this study, ACEs were positively associated with social isolation and functional limitations (r = 0.081, 0.070, P < 0.01) and negatively associated with cognitive function (r=-0.132, P < 0.01). Social isolation and functional limitations had chain mediating effects on the relationship between ACEs and cognitive function.
Conclusions
ACEs lead to impaired cognitive functioning in middle-aged and older adults, and social isolation and functional limitations influence this relationship. These findings suggest that promoting social integration and physical exercise targeting functional limitations may be important approaches for preventing and mitigating the effects ACEs on cognitive function.
Establishing FRLs using a DMS and comparing to international DRLs in paediatric general X-ray
Authors: Lilli Samuel Montgomery , Perdomo Amanda Alison
Published: September 2024

Introduction Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs) can be used to assess the radiation exposure for specific protocols and identify areas of potential optimisation. Despite paediatric general X-ray (GXR) being a relatively low dose modality, due to the high radiosensitivity of children, it is imperative that doses remain as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA). This study aims to compare our institute’s Dose-Area-Product (DAP) to currently available local, national, and regional DRLs, as there are currently no Australian DRL values established for paediatric GXR. Methods The DAPs for GXR protocols are recorded in a commercially available DMS software, MyXrayDose, which generates a report of the Facility Reference Levels (FRLs) for all GXR protocols. As MyXrayDose uses age categories, our FRLs were converted to weight-based FRLs using the 50th percentile World Health Organisation and Centres for Disease Control Weight-for-age charts. These were compared to published DRLs. Results From 1st July 2023–30th June 2024, 1008, Abdomen Anterior-Posterior (AP)/Posterior-Anterior (PA) X-rays were conducted in Room 1 with a fixed GXR unit. The FRL for 31.2–56.5 kg patients in Room 1 (1093 mGy.cm2) was more than 2.3 times greater than the European DRL (475 mGy.cm2). The FRLs for patients with an average weight of 6 kg and 14 kg were below the European DRL whilst 25 kg, 44 kg and 60 kg patients exceeded the European Abdomen AP/PA DRL. Conclusions The establishment of DRLs helps institutes identify potential areas of optimisation. As some of our GXR protocols exceed the European DRLs, the next step at our institute is to complete a multi-disciplinary image quality assessment to identify if it is possible to reduce the radiation dose.
Clinical Data Required for the Approval of Pharmaceuticals for Pediatrics in Japan
Authors: Haigo Hisamitsu , Matsuda kenji , Shikano Mayumi
Published: September 2024

Background
In Japan, the number of pharmaceuticals with pediatric indications is small; some of them are approved only in Europe or the USA but not in Japan. Analyses of review reports by Japanese health authorities may clarify the type of data that facilitate the approval of pediatric drugs in Japan.
Methods
We identified products approved for marketing authorization in Japan, extracted relevant product- and review-related information, and summarized the characteristics of pediatric drugs clinical data and drug approval procedures.
Results
Among 625 products (approved 04/2019–02/2024), 171 with pediatric indications were analyzed. The approval review considered orphan drug designation for 56 products, public knowledge-based application for 16 products, mandatory post-marketing surveillance for 42 products, and investigator-initiated studies for 11 products.
Characterization of Emission and odour from a small scale poultry unit
Authors: V Anju A , R. Suja , Pal Poushali , V Sabarinath
Published: September 2024

The emission of odour gases from livestock farms is a significant contributor to global air pollution and the resulting unpleasant odors experienced by communities. However, there is a lack of research on the factors influencing odor emissions and the relationships between different odor properties specifically related to poultry operations. Therefore, the objective of this study is to measure the concentrations and emissions of the main odor-causing gases in a commercial small-scale poultry unit. Four sampling locations were chosen within the poultry unit, including the manure storage area, poultry feed storage area, entrance area of the poultry shed, and the central portion of the poultry shed. Instrumental analysis was performed to determine the concentrations of four predominant malodorous compounds. The results revealed that ammonia was the most prevalent malodorous compound in the sampled locations. To assess the sensory characteristics of the poultry unit, on-site odor intensity (OOI) was evaluated using human olfactometry, where individuals with a normal sense of smell provided sensory assessments. However, due to the time and manpower required for direct sensory assessment, and to address the limitations of olfactometry, a correlation regression model of odor parameters was developed. This allowed the adoption of the Converted Odor Intensity (COI) method as an alternative approach to understand the odor characteristics in a more efficient manner.
Microbial inoculants modulate the rhizosphere microbiome, alleviate plant stress responses and enhance maize growth at field scale
Authors: Francioli Davide , Kampouris Ioannis D. , Kuhl-Nagel Theresa , Babin Doreen , Sommermann Loreen , Behr Jan H. , Chowdhury Soumitra Paul , Zrenner Rita , Moradtalab Narges , Schloter Michael , Geistlinger Jörg , Ludewig Uwe , Neumann Günter , Smalla Kornelia , Grosch Rita
Published: September 2024

Background
Field inoculation of crops with beneficial microbes is a promising sustainable strategy to enhance plant fitness and nutrient acquisition. However, effectiveness can vary due to environmental factors, microbial competition, and methodological challenges, while their precise modes of action remain uncertain. This underscores the need for further research to optimize inoculation strategies for consistent agricultural benefits.
Results
Using a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach, we investigated the effects of a consortium of beneficial microbes (BMc) (Pseudomonas sp. RU47, Bacillus atrophaeus ABi03, Trichoderma harzianum OMG16) on maize (cv. Benedictio) through an inoculation experiment conducted within a long-term field trial across intensive and extensive farming practices. Additionally, an unexpected early drought stress emerged as a climatic variable, offering further insight into the effectiveness of the microbial consortium. Our findings demonstrate that BMc inoculation primarily enhanced plant growth and fitness, particularly by increasing iron uptake, which is crucial for drought adaptation. Inoculated maize plants showed improved shoot growth and fitness compared to non-inoculated plants, regardless of farming practices. Specifically, BMc modulated plant hormonal balance, enhanced the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and increased root exudation of iron-chelating metabolites. Amplicon sequencing revealed shifts in rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities mediated by the consortium, while metagenomic shotgun sequencing indicated enrichment of genes related to antimicrobial lipopeptides and siderophores.
Conclusions
Our findings highlight the multifaceted benefits of BMc inoculation on plant fitness, significantly influencing metabolism, stress responses, and the rhizosphere microbiome. These improvements are crucial for advancing sustainable agricultural practices by enhancing plant resilience and productivity.
A study on the effects of cement-based material grouting on water quality in loose, water-bearing sandy layers and the mechanisms of pollutant degradation based on laboratory experiments
Authors: Zheng Haobo , Qian Ziwei , Gao Guowen , He Shenyang
Published: September 2024

The grouting operations have the potential risk of causing pollution to the environment during the mine management process. The large volume of slurry may have an impact on groundwater quality and even lead to groundwater pollution. Given this, it is of vital significance to carry out research on the pattern and mechanism of the impact of typical grouting materials on regional groundwater quality, in order to assess the degree of grouting pollution, and the degradation cycle, as well as to attenuate, prevent and control the adverse impacts brought about by it. Based on the hydrogeological conditions of the study area, a dynamic seepage reaction system was established. Constant flow long-term percolation tests were conducted for three groups: a control group without grout (W), a cement-grouted (C), and a (cement-sodium silicate)-grouted (CS). Comprehensive water quality analyses were performed on the corresponding leachate samples. The study found: (1) In the later stages of the experiment, white flocculent precipitates were observed in the cement-grouted leachate (C group), while the leachate from the cement-sodium silicate grouted (CS group) initially appeared yellow. (2) In the C group, the leachate led to the formation of Ca(OH)2 (CH) crystals on the surface of the sand grains, whereas the leachate in the CS group altered the surface morphology of the sand grains. (3) After grouting, the initial leachate exhibited high concentrations of most ions. However, as infiltration progressed, the concentrations of these ions decreased significantly. Additionally, the concentration trend of some ions in the grouted leachate samples has a differentiated pattern. (4) After grouting, the leachate was slightly alkaline, with elevated total hardness and total dissolved solids, and exhibited reducing properties. The hydrochemical structure underwent significant changes. (5) Different patterns of pollution degradation due to the ring-band structure of the grouting stone body. (6) The ionic concentrations in the leachate exhibit a trend of attenuation or rebound under seepage action, generally showing a dynamic recovery towards the control group concentrations. The degradation trends of the main pollutants for both types of grout largely conform to an exponential decay model.
Antifungal Efficacy and Biofilm Inhibition of Candida albicans by Tea Tree Oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) in Vietnam: A Comprehensive Study
Authors: Tuan Dang Anh , Uyen Pham Vu Nhat , Van Nguyen Thi Tuong , Khuon Nguyen Van , Binh Ly An , Nhan Ngo Vo Thien , Masak Jan
Published: September 2024

Candida albicans, a prominent constituent of the human microbiota, poses a significant health threat due to its opportunistic pathogenicity and adept biofilm-forming capabilities. This research delves into the antifungal attributes and biofilm inhibition potential of Tea Tree Oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) cultivated in Vietnam. Renowned for its bioactive compounds, including terpinen-4-ol, 1,8-cineole, and terpinolene, the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia, commonly referred to as tea tree oil (TTO), is scrutinized for its impact on Candida albicans. The study meticulously determines the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of TTO against Candida albicans in both planktonic and biofilm states. Additionally, it assesses the biofilm-forming capacity of Candida albicans and establishes the Minimum Biofilm Inhibitory Concentration (MBIC) and Minimum Biofilm Eradication Concentration (MBEC) of TTO. Employing a liquid culture dilution method within a defined concentration range of 0.1 µL/mL to 10 µL/mL, the experimental approach adheres to established protocols. The outcomes reveal a noteworthy MIC and MIC80 of 0.1 µL/mL and 2 µL/mL, respectively, and an MFC of 10 µL/mL for TTO against Candida albicans. Furthermore, TTO exhibits an MBIC of 2 µL/mL, showcasing its efficacy in inhibiting biofilm formation. However, the MBEC of TTO remains uncertain, possibly due to insufficient concentration tested, which may not effectively disrupt over 50% of the pre-formed biofilm mass within 24 hours. These results underscore the promising potential of TTO as a potent antifungal agent and biofilm inhibitor against Candida albicans, offering valuable insights for the innovation of novel therapeutic strategies in the realm of fungal infections.
Mitigating Hallucinations in Large Language Models using a Channel-Aware Domain-Adaptive Generative Adversarial Network (CADAGAN)
Authors: Grayson Marrisa , Patterson Carlos , Goldstein Benjamin , Ivanov Sebastian , Davidson Michael
Published: September 2024

The increasing reliance on AI-driven text generation in domains requiring factual accuracy, such as healthcare, legal, and finance, has highlighted the critical issue of hallucination in generated content. CADAGAN, a novel Channel-Aware Domain-Adaptive Generative Adversarial Network, introduces an innovative framework that mitigates hallucinations through a combination of channel-aware processing and domain-adaptive learning, addressing the shortcomings of existing approaches. Modifying Llama, an open-source language model, CADAGAN incorporates a multi-channel generator and domain-adaptive discriminator to ensure the generation of factually consistent, fluent, and domain-relevant text. Extensive experiments across various domains demonstrated CADAGAN’s superior performance in reducing hallucinations, improving factual consistency, and maintaining linguistic coherence compared to baseline models. The system’s ability to dynamically adapt to new domains and correct errors in real-time significantly enhances its utility for knowledge-intensive applications, offering a reliable solution for environments where both fluency and factual correctness are paramount.