bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Unprecedented Tetrakis‐(disulfato)‐silicate Anion [Si(S2O7)4]4−, its Germanium Congener [Ge(S2O7)4]4−, and the Tris‐(disulfato)‐metallates [M(S2O7)3]2− (M=Si, Ge, Ti), Stabilized by Divalent Counter Cations B2+ (B=Sr, Ba, Pb)
Authors: Logemann Christian , Rieß Katja , Wickleder Mathias S.
Published: September 2012

The reaction of oleum (65 % SO3) with the tetrachlorides of silicon, germanium, and titanium, respectively, led to the complex disulfates Sr2[M(S2O7)4] (M=Si, Ge), Ba[M(S2O7)3] (M=Si, Ge, Ti) and Pb[M(S2O7)3] (M=Ge, Ti) if strontium, barium, and lead were used as divalent counter cations. The strontium compounds exhibit the unique tetrakis‐(disulfato)‐metallate anions [M(S2O7)4]4− with the silicon and germanium atoms in octahedral coordination of two chelating and two monodentate disulfate groups. All of the other compounds display tris‐(disulfato)‐metallate anions [M(S2O7)3]2− with three chelating disulfate groups surrounding the M atoms. Thermoanalytical investigations on the germanium compounds Sr2[Ge(S2O7)4] and Ba[Ge(S2O7)3] revealed their decomposition in multi‐step processes leading to a mixture of BSO4 and BGe4O9 (B=Sr, Ba), while the thermal degradation of Pb[Ti(S2O7)3] yields PbTiO3. For selected examples, IR data are additionally presented.
Adaptive Control of Piecewise Linear Systems with State Feedback for Output Tracking
Authors: Sang Qian , Tao Gang
Published: September 2012

A piecewise linear system consists of a set of linear time‐invariant (LTI) subsystems, with a switching sequence specifying an active subsystem at each time instant. This paper studies the adaptive control problem of single‐input, single‐output (SISO) piecewise linear systems. By employing the knowledge of the time instant indicator functions of system parameter switches, a new controller structure parametrization is proposed for the development of a stable adaptive control scheme with reduced modeling error in the estimation error signal used for parameter adaptive laws. This key feature is achieved by the new control scheme's ability to avoid a major parameter swapping term in the error model, with the help of indicator functions whose knowledge is available in many applications. A direct state feedback model reference adaptive control (MRAC) scheme is presented for such systems to achieve closed‐loop signal boundedness and small output tracking error in the mean square sense, under the usual slow system parameter switching condition. Simulation results on linearized NASA GTM models are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Selection and in vitro characterization of human CD44v6‐binding antibody fragments
Authors: Nilvebrant Johan , Kuku Gamze , Björkelund Hanna , Nestor Marika
Published: September 2012

The cluster of differentiation (CD) 44v6 antigen has been suggested to be involved in tumor formation, invasion, and metastasis formation, and has been observed in a majority of primary and metastatic squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Probes specifically binding to this region may be utilized as tools for the challenging tasks of early detection and targeted treatments of small residual disease. In this project, an epitope‐guided phage display selection of human fragment antigen‐binding (Fab) fragments with affinity to the v6 sequence was performed. A selected set of Fab fragments was shown to specifically recognize increasingly complex forms of the target sequence, both in the form of a short synthetic or recombinant peptide and in the context of a purified extracellular domain of CD44. The binding was independent of known v6‐sequence variation and posttranslational modifications that are common in the CD44 protein family. Furthermore, real‐time interaction measurements on antibody fragments labeled with 125I showed specific and high‐affinity binding to the antigen present on cultured head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells. There was no cross‐reactivity toward cells that lack the target protein. As hypothesized, characterization of the interaction between Fab fragments and the targets using the mathematical tool Interaction Map revealed more heterogeneous interactions on cells than with pure proteins analyzed by surface plasmon resonance. One main candidate Fab fragment with optimal affinity for all forms of the target sequence was identified. The flexible recombinant source of the Fab fragments might aid the development of tailored molecules adapted for therapeutic or diagnostic applications in the future.
Molecular mechanisms of curcumin action: Gene expression
Authors: Shishodia Shishir
Published: September 2012

Curcumin derived from the tropical plant Curcuma longa has a long history of use as a dietary agent, food preservative, and in traditional Asian medicine. It has been used for centuries to treat biliary disorders, anorexia, cough, diabetic wounds, hepatic disorders, rheumatism, and sinusitis. The preventive and therapeutic properties of curcumin are associated with its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Extensive research over several decades has attempted to identify the molecular mechanisms of curcumin action. Curcumin modulates numerous molecular targets by altering their gene expression, signaling pathways, or through direct interaction. Curcumin regulates the expression of inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF, IL‐1), growth factors (e.g., VEGF, EGF, FGF), growth factor receptors (e.g., EGFR, HER‐2, AR), enzymes (e.g., COX‐2, LOX, MMP9, MAPK, mTOR, Akt), adhesion molecules (e.g., ELAM‐1, ICAM‐1, VCAM‐1), apoptosis related proteins (e.g., Bcl‐2, caspases, DR, Fas), and cell cycle proteins (e.g., cyclin D1). Curcumin modulates the activity of several transcription factors (e.g., NF‐κB, AP‐1, STAT) and their signaling pathways. Based on its ability to affect multiple targets, curcumin has the potential for the prevention and treatment of various diseases including cancers, arthritis, allergies, atherosclerosis, aging, neurodegenerative disease, hepatic disorders, obesity, diabetes, psoriasis, and autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of modulation of gene expression by curcumin. © 2012 BioFactors, 39(1):37–55, 2013.
Applied and Workforce Baccalaureate Models
Authors: Floyd Deborah L. , Garcia Falconetti Angela M. , Felsher Rivka A.
Published: September 2012

This chapter presents models and terminology representative of the contemporary utilization of the terms community college baccalaureate, applied baccalaureate, and workforce baccalaureate to provide a foundation for the evolving language about pathways leading to baccalaureate degrees.
Washington State's Model and Programs: Applied Baccalaureate Degrees at Community and Technical Colleges
Authors: England‐Siegerdt Christy , Andreas Michelle
Published: September 2012

This chapter shares how the state of Washington embraces the use of applied baccalaureate degrees at community colleges as a way to help meet employer demands and statewide degree production goals.
Effects of Axle‐Core, Macrocycle, and Side‐Station Structures on the Threading and Hydrolysis Processes of Imine‐Bridged Rotaxanes
Authors: Sugino Hiroyoshi , Kawai Hidetoshi , Umehara Takeshi , Fujiwara Kenshu , Suzuki Takanori
Published: September 2012

Imine‐bridged rotaxanes are a new type of rotaxane in which the axle and macrocyclic ring are connected by imine bonds. We have previously reported that in imine‐bridged rotaxane 5, the shuttling motion of the macrocycle could be controlled by changing the temperature. In this study, we investigated how the axle and macrocycle structures affect the construction of the imine‐bridged rotaxane as well as the dynamic equilibrium between imine‐bridged rotaxane 5 and [2]rotaxane 7 by using various combinations of axles (1 A,B), macrocycles (2 a–e), and side‐stations (XYL and TEG). In the threading process, the flexibility of the macrocycle and the substituent groups at the para position of the aniline moieties affect the preparation of the threaded imines. The size of the imine‐bridging station and the macrocyclic tether affects the hydrolysis of the imine bonds under acidic conditions.
Radical Localization in a Series of Symmetric NiIIComplexes with Oxidized Salen Ligands
Authors: Chiang Linus , Kochem Amélie , Jarjayes Olivier , Dunn Tim J. , Vezin Hervé , Sakaguchi Miyuki , Ogura Takashi , Orio Maylis , Shimazaki Yuichi , Thomas Fabrice , Storr Tim
Published: September 2012

Square‐planar nickel(II) complexes of salen ligands,N,N′‐bis(3‐tert‐butyl‐(5R)‐salicylidene)‐1,2‐cyclohexanediamine), in which R=tert‐butyl (1), OMe (2), and NMe2(3), were prepared and the electronic structure of the one‐electron‐oxidized species [1–3]+.was investigated in solution. Cyclic voltammograms of [1–3] showed two quasi‐reversible redox waves that were assigned to the oxidation of the phenolate moieties to phenoxyl radicals. From the difference between the first and second redox potentials, the trend of electronic delocalization1+.>2+.>3+.was obtained. The cations [1–3]+.exhibited isotropicgtensors of 2.045, 2.023, and 2.005, respectively, reflecting a lower metal character of the singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) for systems that involve strongly electron‐donating substituents. Pulsed‐EPR spectroscopy showed a single population of equivalent imino nitrogen atoms for1+., whereas two distinct populations were observed for2+.. The resonance Raman spectra of2+.and3+.displayed the ν8aband of the phenoxyl radicals at 1612 cm−1, as well as theν8abands of the phenolates. In contrast, the Raman spectrum of1+.exhibited theν8aband at 1602 cm−1, without any evidence of the phenolate peak. Previous work showed an intense near‐infrared (NIR) electronic transition for1+.(Δν1/2=660 cm−1,ε=21 700 M−1 cm−1), indicating that the electron hole is fully delocalized over the ligand. The broader and moderately intense NIR transition of2+.(Δν1/2=1250 cm−1,ε=12 800 M−1 cm−1) suggests a certain degree of ligand‐radical localization, whereas the very broad NIR transition of3+.(Δν1/2=8630 cm−1,ε=2550 M−1 cm−1) indicates significant localization of the ligand radical on a single ring. Therefore,1+.is a Class III mixed‐valence complex,2+.is Class II/III borderline complex, and3+.is a Class II complex according to the Robin–Day classification method. By employing the Coulomb‐attenuated method (CAM‐B3LYP) we were able to predict the electron‐hole localization and NIR transitions in the series, and show that the energy match between the redox‐active ligand and the metal d orbitals is crucial for delocalization of the radical SOMO.
Synthesis and Self‐Association of Double‐Helical AADD Arrays
Authors: Mudraboyina Bhanu P. , Wisner James A.
Published: September 2012

The design and syntheses of four self‐complementary oligomers that contain an underlying AADD hydrogen bond sequence are presented, and their self‐association was examined in the solution and solid state. The molecular recognition between the two strands is highly sensitive to substitutions of their component heterocycles. Substitution with electron‐donating and ‐withdrawing groups and the influence of preorganization has a large effect on the overall stabilities of the complexes studied. In particular, a wide range (>105 M−1) of stabilities with respect to substitutions at various positions in the AADD oligomers was demonstrated. In the most extreme case, the dimerization constant measured (Kdimer≥4.5×107 M−1) is comparable to the most stable homodimers of neutral AADD arrays reported to date.
Highly Selective Barbier‐Type Propargylations and Allenylations Catalyzed by Titanocene(III)
Authors: Muñoz‐Bascón Juan , Sancho‐Sanz Iris , Álvarez‐Manzaneda Enrique , Rosales Antonio , Oltra J. Enrique
Published: September 2012

The alkyne functional group is found in many bioactive natural products and is the key to many important chemical transformations developed over recent years. Moreover, allenes have recently gained relevance as versatile reagents in organic synthesis. Mild, catalytic methods to enable the selective introduction of either alkyne or allene motifs into organic molecules are very valuable but, as yet, quite scarce. We describe an extremely mild and selective method for either the propargylation or allenylation of carbonyl compounds catalyzed by the abundant, safe, and inexpensive metal titanium. These reactions can selectively provide homopropargylic alcohols from aldehydes and ketones or α‐hydroxy‐allenes from aldehydes. The mechanisms involved were also investigated.
Coupling of Two Multistep Catalytic Cycles for the One‐Pot Synthesis of Propargylamines from Alcohols and Primary Amines on a Nanoparticulated Gold Catalyst
Authors: Corma Avelino , Navas Javier , Sabater María J.
Published: September 2012

A one‐pot reaction was performed with a nanoparticulated gold catalyst. A secondary amine is formed through N‐monoalkylation of a primary amine with an alcohol by a borrowing hydrogen methodology in a three‐step reaction. The secondary amine formed enters into a second A3‐coupling cycle to give propargylamines. The multistep reaction requires a gold species formed and stabilized on a ceria surface.
Structural Changes in a Protein Fragment from Abalone Shell during the Precipitation of Calcium Carbonate
Authors: Adamiano Alessio , Bonacchi Sara , Calonghi Natalia , Fabbri Daniele , Falini Giuseppe , Fermani Simona , Genovese Damiano , Kralj Damir , Montalti Marco , Njegić Džakula Branka , Prodi Luca , Sartor Giorgio
Published: September 2012

Mineralized tissues grow through biologically controlled processes in which specific macromolecules are involved. Some of these molecules, which are present in very low concentrations and are difficult to localize and characterize, become entrapped inside the mineralized tissue. Herein, a protein fragment, GP, which was obtained by the alkaline digestion of the green sheet of the abalone shell, is used as a probe to study the changes in molecular structure that occur during the precipitation of calcium carbonate. This important goal was achieved by exploiting a fluorescent tag in GP. The experimental results that were obtained by using spectroscopic‐, chromatographic‐, and microscopic techniques indicate that GP controls the precipitation kinetics and morphology of calcium carbonate crystals, and that it only undergoes structural reorganization when entrapped inside calcium carbonate crystals. To the best of our knowledge, this report represents one of the first studies on the conformational changes of a protein fragment that is involved in biomineralization processes on moving from the solution phase into the mineral phase.
Ultrafast Photoinduced Energy and Electron Transfer in Multi‐Modular Donor–Acceptor Conjugates
Authors: El‐Khouly Mohamed E. , Wijesinghe Channa A. , Nesterov Vladimir N. , Zandler Melvin E. , Fukuzumi Shunichi , D'Souza Francis
Published: September 2012

New multi‐modular donor–acceptor conjugates featuring zinc porphyrin (ZnP), catechol‐chelated boron dipyrrin (BDP), triphenylamine (TPA) and fullerene (C60), or naphthalenediimide (NDI) have been newly designed and synthesized as photosynthetic antenna and reaction‐center mimics. The X‐ray structure of triphenylamine‐BDP is also reported. The wide‐band capturing polyad revealed ultrafast energy‐transfer (kENT=1.0×1012 s−1) from the singlet excited BDP to the covalently linked ZnP owing to close proximity and favorable orientation of the entities. Introducing either fullerene or naphthalenediimide electron acceptors to the TPA‐BDP‐ZnP triad through metal–ligand axial coordination resulted in electron donor–acceptor polyads whose structures were revealed by spectroscopic, electrochemical and computational studies. Excitation of the electron donor, zinc porphyrin resulted in rapid electron‐transfer to coordinated fullerene or naphthalenediimide yielding charge separated ion‐pair species. The measured electron transfer rate constants from femtosecond transient spectral technique in non‐polar toluene were in the range of 5.0×109–3.5×1010 s−1. Stabilization of the charge‐separated state in these multi‐modular donor–acceptor polyads is also observed to certain level.
ChemInform Abstract: The Significance of Ionic Bonding in Sulfur Dioxide: Bond Orders from X‐Ray Diffraction Data.
Authors: Grabowsky Simon , Luger Peter , Buschmann Juergen , Schneider Thomas , Schirmeister Tanja , Sobolev Alexandre N. , Jayatilaka Dylan
Published: September 2012

Information on the S—O bond‐order in crystalline SO2 is derived from wavefunction refinement of high‐resolution low‐temperature XRD data.
ChemInform Abstract: Pentaguanidinium Monohydrogendiphosphogentamolybdate(VI) 2.5‐Hydrate, (CH6N3)5 [HP2Mo5O23]·2.5H2O: Hydrogen Bonding and π‐Stacking in Guanidinium Cations.
Authors: Di Tondo Pietro , Pritchard Robin Gavin
Published: September 2012

Colorless needles of the title compound are obtained by evaporation of an aqueous solution of guanidinium carbonate and H3[P(Mo3O10)4] over a period of 5 d.
ChemInform Abstract: Role of Oxidative Pre‐Calcination in Extending Blue Emission of Sr4Al14O25 Nanophosphors Formed with Microemulsions.
Authors: Thompson Nathan , Murugaraj Pandiyan , Rix Colin , Mainwaring David E.
Published: September 2012

Single phase blue emitting long persistence Sr4‐x‐yEuxDyyAl14O25 (0.005 ≤ x ≤ 0.04; 0.01 ≤ y ≤ 0.01) nanophosphors are synthesized in the presence of 5 mol% boric acid at 1100 °C in a reducing atmosphere for 3 h from precursor particles which are formed within microemulsions and pre‐calcined at 1000 °C in ambient atmosphere for 2 h.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Li3V2(PO4)3/C with One‐Dimensional (1D) Nanorod Structure for Cathode Materials of Lithium‐ion Batteries.
Authors: Shen Yuhua , et al. et al.
Published: September 2012

The title cathode material is synthesized by a sol—gel method using maleic acid as a carbon source.
ChemInform Abstract: Hierarchical Nanostructures of Fluorinated and Naked Ta2O5 Single Crystalline Nanorods: Hydrothermal Preparation, Formation Mechanism and Photocatalytic Activity for H2 Production.
Authors: Duan Junyuan , Shi Weidong , Xu Leilei , Mou Guangying , Xin Quanliang , Guan Jianguo
Published: September 2012

Fluorinated Ta2O5 nanostructures are synthesized by hydrothermal reaction of Ta powder, 0.133 M aq.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of ZrB2 Powders by Carbothermal and Borothermal Reduction.
Authors: Jung Eun‐Young , Kim Jung‐Hun , Jung Se‐Hyuk , Choi Sung‐Churl
Published: September 2012

The synthesis methods of ZrB2 powders using ZrO2 + B2O3 + C (carbothermal reduction), ZrO2 + B4C (boron carbide reduction), and ZrO2 + B4C + C (combined reduction) at 1250 °C for 1—3 h under flowing Ar are compared.
ChemInform Abstract: A Germanate Compound Constructed from Dissymmetric Ge7 Chains and Metal Complexes.
Authors: Ren Xiaoyan , Li Yi , Shao Lang , Yu Jihong , Xu Ruren
Published: September 2012

The new compound {[Ni(dien)2]3(H2O)3} [Ge7O13F5]2 (dien: diethylenetriamine) is solvothermally synthesized from a mixture of GeO2, Ni(NO3)2, 3‐amino‐1‐propanol, dien, H2O, and HF in a molar ratio of 1.0:0.5:65.4:18.6:63.2:2.7 (autoclave, 180 °C, 8 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Properties of Li2Cu5(PO4)4.
Authors: Snyder Katharina , Glaum Robert
Published: September 2012

Polycrystalline Li2Cu5(PO4)4 is prepared by slow evaporation of a solution of Li2CO3, Cu, and (NH4)2HPO4 in 65% aq.
ChemInform Abstract: cis‐1,4‐Bis(triphenylphosphonium)‐2‐butene Peroxodisulfate as an Efficient Reagent for the Synthesis of Phenacyl Thiocyanates and Phenacyl Azides.
Authors: Badri Rashid , Gorjizadeh Maryam
Published: September 2012

The thiocyanation and azidation of styrenes in the presence of 1,4‐bis(triphenylphosphonium)‐2‐butene peroxodisulfate proceeds under mild conditions with good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic 1,4‐Addition Reaction of α,.beta±gamma.,δ‐Diunsaturated Aldehydes versus 1,6‐Addition Reaction.
Authors: Hayashi Yujiro , Okamura Daichi , Umemiya Shigenobu , Uchimaru Tadafumi
Published: September 2012

The conjugate addition of nitromethane (II), cyclopentadiene (IV) or nitroethanol (VIII) towards α,β,γ,δ‐unsaturated aldehydes in the presence of a prolinol‐derived organocatalyst proceeds chemoselectively in a 1,4‐addition mode.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Thiazine and Thiazepine Derivatives from (Z)‐2‐Cyano‐3‐mercapto‐3‐(phenylamino)acrylamide.
Authors: El‐Shaieb Kamal M. , Abdel‐Latif Fathy F. , El‐Din Ahmed G.
Published: September 2012

Depending on the substrate used the reaction with the title amide (II) leads to thiazine or thiazepine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Substrate‐Dependent Divergent Outcomes from Catalytic Reactions of Silyl‐Protected Enol Diazoacetates with Nitrile Oxides: Azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes or 5‐Arylaminofuran‐2(3H)‐ones.
Authors: Xu Xinfang , Shabashov Dmitry , Zavalij Peter Y. , Doyle Michael P.
Published: September 2012

The reaction is found to result in formation of azabicyclohexanes and/or arylaminofurans depending on the electronic nature of the aryl substituents.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Transformations of Racemic Tertiary Allylic Trichloroacetimidates with Anilines.
Authors: Arnold Jeffrey S. , Nguyen Hien M.
Published: September 2012

The first dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation of racemic tertiary allylic acetimidates with aniline nucleophiles using a rhodium—diene ligand complex is described to give the branched amines (III) or (VI) with regioselectivities between <99:1 and 5:1 compared to their linear analogues.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed C—H Bond Direct Alkynylation of 5‐Membered Heteroarenes: A Well‐Defined Synthetic Route to Azole Derivatives Containing Two Different Alkynyl Groups.
Authors: Shibahara Fumitoshi , Dohke Yoshimasa , Murai Toshiaki
Published: September 2012

The Pd/Ag‐mediated dropwise addition of terminal alkynes to various 5‐membered azoles allows an easy access to a number of mono‐ and dialkynylated heteroarenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Esterification of Carboxylic Acids and Alcohols in the Presence of Silphos [PCl3‐n(SiO2)n] as a Heterogeneous Phosphine Reagent.
Authors: Rao Ambati Narasimha , Ganesan Kumaran , Shinde Chandra Kant
Published: September 2012

Silphos is shown to be an efficient catalyst for the solvent‐free esterification of aromatic and aliphatic carboxylic acids and a wide range of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols at room temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of C2‐Symmetric Allenes by Palladium‐Catalyzed Double‐Nucleophilic Substitution on 3‐Bromopenta‐2,4‐dienyl Acetate.
Authors: Ogasawara Masamichi , Suzuki Mayuka , Takahashi Tamotsu
Published: September 2012

In the presence of chiral ligands optically active allenes are available.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Chelation‐Controlled Additions to β‐Silyloxy Aldehydes.
Authors: Stanton Gretchen R. , Kauffman Meara C. , Walsh Patrick J.
Published: September 2012

The title reaction allows stereoselective formation of various secondary alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Methyl 2,2‐Difluoro‐2‐(fluorosulfonyl)acetate, a Difluorocarbene Reagent with Reactivity Comparable to that of Trimethylsilyl 2,2‐Difluoro‐2‐(fluorosulfonyl)acetate (TFDA).
Authors: Eusterwiemann Steffen , Martinez Henry , Dolbier William R. Jr.
Published: September 2012

The title acetate (II) is found to be an efficient difluorocarbene source.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetramethylnorbornadiene, a Versatile Alkene for Cyclopentenone Synthesis Through Intermolecular Pauson—Khand Reactions.
Authors: Reves Marc , Lledo Agusti , Ji Yining , Blasi Emma , Riera Antoni , Verdaguer Xavier
Published: September 2012

A number of substituted cyclopentenones can be prepared by this convenient method.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Nickel‐Catalyzed Alkenylation of Functionalized Benzylic Halides with Alkenylaluminum Reagents.
Authors: Biradar Deepak B. , Gau Han‐Mou
Published: September 2012

The simple, fast, and inexpensive title reaction is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Reduction of Nitroarenes to Azoxybenzenes by NaOH—PEG 400.
Authors: Liu Yufang , Liu Bo , Guo Ailing , Dong Zhenming , Jin Shuo , Lu Yun
Published: September 2012

On refluxing nitroarenes with NaOH and PEG 400 in benzene varying yields of the corresponding azoxybenzenes are obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild and Rapid Hydroxylation of Aryl/Heteroaryl Boronic Acids and Boronate Esters with N‐Oxides.
Authors: Zhu Chen , Wang Rui , Falck J. R.
Published: September 2012

A number of functional groups is tolerated.
ChemInform Abstract: Comparative Study on Reducing Aromatic Aldehydes by Using Ammonia Borane and Lithium Amidoborane as Reducing Reagents.
Authors: Xu Weiliang , Fan Hongjun , Wu Guotao , Chen Ping
Published: September 2012

The reduction of aromatic aldehydes with ammonia borane proceeds with hydrogen transfer from both the ammonia and the borane to directly give the corresponding benzylic alcohols (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Highly Aldehyde Selective Wacker Oxidation.
Authors: Teo Peili , Wickens Zachary K. , Dong Guangbin , Grubbs Robert H.
Published: September 2012

The conditions allow a selective access to arylacetaldehydes and only trace amounts of acetophenones are identified.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Rhodium‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation of Acyclic α‐Alkoxy Substituted Ketones Using a Chiral Monodentate Phosphite Ligand.
Authors: Evans P. Andrew , Clizbe Elizabeth A. , Lawler Michael J. , Oliver Samuel
Published: September 2012

The first example of the title reaction is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Linear‐Selective Alkyne Hydroacylation.
Authors: Poingdestre Sarah‐Jane , Goodacre Jonathan D. , Weller Andrew S. , Willis Michael C.
Published: September 2012

A highly linear‐selective alkyne hydroacylation protocol, covering a range of electron‐rich and electron‐poor aromatic aldehydes, alkyl aldehydes, and enal substrates, is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver(I)‐Catalyzed Carboxylation of Arylboronic Esters with CO2.
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Zhang Wen‐Zhen , Shi Ling‐Long , Guo Chun‐Xiao , Zhang Ling‐Ling , Lu Xiao‐Bing
Published: September 2012

The catalytic system presented shows a wide functional group compatibility as demonstrated by 31 examples.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric α‐Amination of Carboxylic Acids Using Isothioureas.
Authors: Morrill Louis C. , Lebl Tomas , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Smith Andrew D.
Published: September 2012

A practical and scalable method for the title reaction is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Tertiary Amides via Aryl, Heteroaryl, and Benzyl Organozinc Reagents: Scope and Limitations.
Authors: Rieke Reuben D. , Kim Seung‐Hoi
Published: September 2012

Various (het)aryl‐ and benzylzinc halides react successfully with the carbamoyl chlorides (II) and (XIII).
ChemInform Abstract: ZrCl4‐Catalyzed Synthesis of β‐Aminosulfides from Aziridines and Thiols.
Authors: Movassagh Barahman , Rakhshani Amir
Published: September 2012

The zirconium tetrachloride‐promoted ring‐opening of N‐tosylaziridines with thiols is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Urea Derivatives via a Sequential One‐Pot Nucleophilic Addition/Ugi Five‐Component Reaction under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Azizian Javad , Yadollahzadeh Khadijeh , Tahermansouri Hasan , Khoei Davood Chobfrosh , Delbari Akram Sadat
Published: September 2012

Polyfunctionalized aromatic urea derivatives (VI) are synthesized via novel one‐pot, five component nucleophilic addition—Ugi reaction sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd(PPh3)4/AgOAc‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of Substituted 3,4‐Dihydronaphthalen‐1(2H)‐ones.
Authors: Liu Hui , Yan Peiyun , Li Yan , Liu Jinliang , Sun Qian , Wang Xingbin , Wang Cunde
Published: September 2012

via reaction of 2‐iodocyclohex‐2‐ones (I) with alkynes (II)
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid‐Mediated Domino Reaction of 3‐Bromomethylthiophenes with Arenes/Heteroarenes.
Authors: Dhayalan Vasudevan , Mohanakrishnan Arasambattu K.
Published: September 2012

A suitable domino mechanism for the formation of annulated heterocycles is proposed involving arylation followed by intramolecular cyclization and subsequent aromatization.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Tetracyanocyclopropyl Ketones with Ammonia and Primary Amines.
Authors: Kayukov Ya. S. , Karpov S. V. , Bardasov I. N. , Ershov O. V. , Belikov M. Yu. , Nasakin O. E. , Kayukova O. V.
Published: September 2012

Reaction of title compounds (I) with ammonia affords products (II) with conservation of the three‐membered ring, whereas reaction with amines (III) is accompanied by ring opening [→ (IV)] and successive heterocyclization furnishing pyrrolopyrrole derivatives (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Montmorillonite K‐10 Catalyzed, Microwave‐Assisted Cyclization of Acetylenic Amines: An Efficient Synthesis of Pyrrolocoumarins and Pyrroloquinolones.
Authors: Majumdar K. C. , Ponra Sudipta , Ghosh Tapas
Published: September 2012

Notable features include short reaction times, high yields, and a convenient solvent‐free procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fluorine Containing N‐Heterocycles Using Oxides of Terminal Perfluoroolefins and Urea.
Authors: Saloutina Lyudmila V. , Zapevalov Aleksandr Ya. , Kodess Mikhail I. , Slepukhin Pavel A. , Saloutin Victor I. , Chupakhin Oleg N.
Published: September 2012

The unexpected formation of fluorine containing heterocycles (III), (V), (VI), or (IX) from the reaction of perfluoroalkyl‐substituted perfluorooxiranes with urea is studied under different reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,3‐Diaryl‐5H‐imidazo[2,1‐a]isoindol‐5‐ones via the One‐Pot Reaction of 1,2‐Diketones, 2‐Formylbenzoic Acids, and Ammonium Acetate.
Authors: Hosseini‐Zare Maryam Sadat , Mahdavi Mohammad , Saeedi Mina , Asadi Mehdi , Javanshir Shahrzad , Shafiee Abbas , Foroumadi Alireza
Published: September 2012

A simple protocol is developed which affords the target compounds in good yields without the need for any catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Generation of Benzoimidazo[1,5‐a]imidazoles via a Copper‐Catalyzed Tandem Reaction of Carbodiimide and Isocyanoacetate.
Authors: Qiu Guanyinsheng , Wu Jie
Published: September 2012

The reaction proceeds through a formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition and C‐N coupling.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of an Isoxazole Compound, KRIBB3, as an Anticancer Agent.
Authors: Lee Hyeong Kyu , Yun Eunju , Min Ji Hye , Yoon Kab Seog , Choung Dong‐Ho , Lee Sangku
Published: September 2012

KRIBB3 (XI), which exhibits strong antimigratory and antimitotic activities against cancer cells, is prepared in a practical synthetic way.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Triazole‐Fused Chiral Medium‐Ring Benzo‐Heterocycles, Scaffolds Mimicking Benzolactams.
Authors: Adhikary Nirmal Das , Chattopadhyay Partha
Published: September 2012

The title compounds are of biological interest.
ChemInform Abstract: Debenzylation of Functionalized 4‐ and 5‐Substituted 1,2,3‐Triazoles.
Authors: Farooq Tahir , Sydnes Leiv K. , Toernroos Karl W. , Haug Bengt Erik
Published: September 2012

C‐Monosubstituted NH‐1,2,3‐triazoles can be efficiently prepared by debenzylation of the corresponding N‐benzyl 1,4‐ or 1,5‐disubstituted derivatives (III) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Phosphorylations of 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles and Related Heterocycles.
Authors: Zou Liang‐Hua , Dong Zhi‐Bing , Bolm Carsten
Published: September 2012

2‐Substituted 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles are phosphorylated at C‐5.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Method for the Synthesis of 5‐Substituted 1H‐Tetrazole from Oxime and Sodium Azide.
Authors: Patil Umakant B. , Kumthekar Kedar R. , Nagarkar Jayashree M.
Published: September 2012

A simple protocol is developed for the copper catalyzed reaction of oximes with sodium azide to yield tetrazole derivatives (II) (15 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: Regioisomeric Oximes and Thiosemicarbazones Derived from 6‐Substituted Pyridoxines.
Authors: Shtyrlin Nikita V. , Lodochnikova Olga A. , Shtyrlin Yurii G.
Published: September 2012

A new approach for the regioselective oxidation of the hydroxymethyl groups in 6‐methyl‐2,3,4‐tris(hydroxymethyl)pyridin‐5‐ol and the conversion of the aldehydes obtained into corresponding oximes and thiosemicarbazones is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Expedient N‐Arylation for the Synthesis of 2‐Arylamino‐3‐cyanopyridines Using Ionic Copper(I) Complex as a Catalyst.
Authors: Zhang Min , Xiong Biao , Wang Ting , Wang Xiaoting , Yan Fengxia , Ding Yuqiang
Published: September 2012

This is the first report about Ullmann‐type N‐arylation of 2‐amino‐cyanopyridines (I) with aryl halides using a bis(phenanthroline)—copper(I) complex as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Ethyl 1‐Benzylidene‐7a‐hydroxy‐4‐phenyl‐6‐oxo‐octahydro‐1H‐indene‐5‐carboxylat e and Ethyl 5‐Benzylidene‐4a‐hydroxy‐1‐phenyl‐3‐oxodecahydronaphthalene‐2‐carboxylat e with1,2,4‐Triazol‐3‐amine. Synthesis of Substituted Triazoloquinazolines.
Authors: Gulai T. V. , Golikov A. G.
Published: September 2012

The title reaction results in the formation of linear and angular triazoloquinazoline regioisomers, which can be regarded as structural analogues of tetracycline antibiotics.
ChemInform Abstract: Organogelators Derived from [3,3]Metacyclophane Skeleton with a Urea Unit.
Authors: Tsuge Akihiko , Matsushita Ryuichiro , Sakura Katsuhiko , Moriguchi Tetsuji , Araki Koji
Published: September 2012

Dithia[3,3]metacyclophanes (I) give stable organogels in cyclohexane.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mannich‐Type Reaction at the meso‐Methyl Position of the BODIPY Fluorophore.
Authors: Yang Lijing , Yan Hongbin
Published: September 2012

Treatment of the title compound (I) with secondary amines and dihalomethanes results in formation of highly fluorescent products (IV)(absorption and fluorescent profiles).
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Symmetrical Disiloxanes from Alkoxysilanes Using Meerwein′s Reagent.
Authors: Jorapur Yogesh R. , Shimada Toyoshi
Published: September 2012

Either conditions A) or B) including different mediators can be used with similar results.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of (5E,9E)‐16‐(Substituted)‐7,8‐dihydro‐16λ5‐dibenzo [d,l][1,3,7,10,2]dioxadiazaphosphacyclotridecine‐16‐ones.
Authors: Reddy Chinta Raveendra , Rani Chinthaparthi Radha , Sekhar Kuruva Chandra , Reddy Gangireddy Chandra Sekhar , Raju Chamarthi Naga
Published: September 2012

A new class of biologically active 13‐membered phosphorus‐macrocycles are conveniently synthesized from 1,2‐bis(salicylidene amino)phenylene (I).
ChemInform Abstract: [2,3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement of Ynamides: Preparation of α‐Amino Allenephosphonates.
Authors: Gomes Filipe , Fadel Antoine , Rabasso Nicolas
Published: September 2012

A straightforward method to prepare various α‐amino allenephosphonates is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: A Partial Synthesis of 23‐Hydroxybetulonic Acid and 23‐Hydroxybetulinic Acid Starting from Betulinic Acid.
Authors: Sun Fei , Zhu Peiqing , Yao Hequan , Wu Xiaoming , Xu Jinyi
Published: September 2012

Betulinic acid (I) is used in the traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of amoebic dysentery and malaria.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Functionalized α,α‐Disubstituted α‐Amino Acid Derivatives from Racemic Unprotected α‐Amino Acids via in situ Generated Azlactones.
Authors: Weber Manuel , Frey Wolfgang , Peters Rene
Published: September 2012

Tandem reaction of 5 steps affords the highly enantioenriched target compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Approach for the Synthesis of Thio‐, Dithio‐, and Selenothiocarbamate‐Tethered Peptidomimetics.
Authors: Lalithamba H. S. , Vishwanatha T. M. , Reddy M. Samarasimha , Sureshbabu Vommina V.
Published: September 2012

Nucleophilic coupling of amino thiols with isocyanates, isothiocyanates, or isoselenocyanates provides a facile method for the synthesis of the title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Tuning Glycosidase Inhibition Through Aglycone Interactions: Pharmacological Chaperones for Fabry Disease and GM1 Gangliosidosis.
Authors: Ortiz Mellet C. , et al. et al.
Published: September 2012

Iminosugar derivatives (I) show a potent and selective inhibition of human lysosomal α‐galactosidase, whilst bicyclic galactomimetics (II) demonstrate a selective inhibition of β‐galactosidase.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitro Group as a New Anchoring Group for Organic Dyes in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells.
Authors: Cong Jiayan , Yang Xichuan , Liu Jing , Zhao Jinxia , Hao Yan , Wang Yu , Sun Licheng
Published: September 2012

An interesting phenomenon is found for DSCs fabricated with dye (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Review of Catalyst Materials and Catalytic Steam Reforming Reactions in SOFC Anodes
Authors: Andersson Martin , Paradis Hedvig , Yuan Jinliang , Sunden Bengt
Published: September 2012

Review: 38 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Physical Properties of Single‐Crystalline Magnetic Intermetallic Compounds
Authors: Liu E. K. , Zhu W. , Chen J. L. , Wu G. H.
Published: September 2012

Review: 43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Planning an Effective Solid‐State Synthesis of Complex Oxides: What We Learn from the Chemistry of Cuprate Superconductors
Authors: Ghigna Paolo , Flor Giorgio , Spinolo Giorgio
Published: September 2012

Review: 39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Active Site Elucidation in Heterogeneous Catalysis via in situ X‐Ray Spectroscopies
Authors: Lee Adam F.
Published: September 2012

Review: 92 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enhanced Water Splitting on Thin‐Film Hematite Photoanodes Functionalized wih Lithographically Fabricated Au Nanoparticles
Authors: Iandolo Beniamino , Zaech Michael
Published: September 2012

Review: 27 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ordered Mesoporous Metal Oxides: Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Ren Yu , Ma Zhen , Bruce Peter G.
Published: September 2012

Review: 237 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Macrocyclic Coordination Chemistry
Authors: Archibald Stephen J.
Published: September 2012

Review: 114 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pnictogen—Thiacrown Complexes with Pt(II) and Pd(II)
Authors: Grant Gregory J.
Published: September 2012

Review: 64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Intermolecular Hydroacylation of C—C π‐Bonds in the Absence of Chelation Assistance
Authors: Leung Joyce C. , Krische Michael J.
Published: September 2012

Review: 144 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Strategies for the Synthesis of N‐Alkylated Indoles
Authors: Karchava A. V. , Melkonyan F. S. , Yurovskaya M. A.
Published: September 2012

Review: new, data, mostly published in the last five years; 66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural, Physical, and Chemical Properties of Fluorous Compounds
Authors: Gladysz John A. , Jurisch Markus
Published: September 2012

Review: 87 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Catalyzed Cycloisomerizations of α,ω‐Dienes
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshihiko
Published: September 2012

Review: 180 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metallic Organophosphates as Catalysts in Asymmetric Synthesis: A Return Journey
Authors: Parra Alejandro , Reboredo Silvia , Castro Ana M. Martin , Aleman Jose
Published: September 2012

Review: ca. 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Cyanation with the Chiral Ru—Li Combined Catalysts
Authors: Ohkuma Takeshi , Kurono Nobuhito
Published: September 2012

Review: ca. 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Dragmacidin E; Problems Solved and Lessons Learned
Authors: Feldman Ken S. , Ngernmeesri Paiboon
Published: September 2012

Review: ca. 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Trimethyl Lock: A Trigger for Molecular Release in Chemistry, Biology, and Pharmacology
Authors: Levine Michael N. , Raines Ronald T.
Published: September 2012

Review: 68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective, Transition Metal Catalyzed Cycloisomerizations
Authors: Marinetti Angela , Jullien Helene , Voituriez Arnaud
Published: September 2012

Review: 168 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Constructing Molecular Complexity and Diversity: Total Synthesis of Natural Products of Biological and Medicinal Importance
Authors: Nicolaou K. C. , Hale Christopher R. H. , Nilewski Christian , Ioannidou Heraklidia A.
Published: September 2012

Review: ca. 500 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Imaging Agents for the Chemokine Receptor 4 (CXCR4)
Authors: Kuil Joeri , Buckle Tessa , van Leeuwen Fijs W. B.
Published: September 2012

Review: 221 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Methods for Degradation of Target Proteins Using Designed Light‐Activatable Organic Molecules
Authors: Tanimoto Shuho , Takahashi Daisuke , Toshima Kazunobu
Published: September 2012

Review: 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Chemistry for Solar Fuels: From Natural to Artificial Photosynthesis
Authors: Magnuson Ann , Styring Stenbjoern
Published: September 2012

Review: 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Patterned Self‐Assembled Monolayers: Efficient, Chemically Defined Tools for Cell Biology
Authors: Koepsel Justin T. , Murphy William L.
Published: September 2012

Review: 43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Perspectives for Photobiology in Molecular Solar Fuels
Authors: Hingorani Kastoori , Hillier Warwick
Published: September 2012

Review: 113 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Deep‐Eutectic Solvents Playing Multiple Roles in the Synthesis of Polymers and Related Materials
Authors: Carriazo Daniel , Serrano Maria Concepcion , Gutierrez Maria Concepcion , Ferrer Maria Luisa , del Monte Francisco
Published: September 2012

Review: about 200 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymer‐Derived Non‐Oxide Ceramics Modified with Late Transition Metals
Authors: Zaheer Muhammad , Schmalz Thomas , Motz Guenter , Kempe Rhett
Published: September 2012

Review: 66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Atmospheric Aerosol Particle Formation and Growth
Authors: Vehkamaeki Hanna , Riipinen Ilona
Published: September 2012

Review: 35 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Rethinking the Term “Pi‐Stacking”
Authors: Martinez Chelsea R. , Iverson Brent L.
Published: September 2012

Review: 129 refs.
A Family of Nonparametric Density Estimation Algorithms
Authors: Tabak E. G. , Turner Cristina V.
Published: September 2012

A new methodology for density estimation is proposed. The methodology, which builds on the one developed by Tabak and Vanden‐Eijnden, normalizes the data points through the composition of simple maps. The parameters of each map are determined through the maximization of a local quadratic approximation to the log‐likelihood. Various candidates for the elementary maps of each step are proposed; criteria for choosing one includes robustness, computational simplicity, and good behavior in high‐dimensional settings. A good choice is that of localized radial expansions, which depend on a single parameter: all the complexity of arbitrary, possibly convoluted probability densities can be built through the composition of such simple maps. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reverse Vesicles of Ferrum Laurate Metallosurfactant in Non‐Aqueous Solution Dried to Produce Solid Shells
Authors: Dong Renhao , Hao Jingcheng
Published: September 2012

Ferrum laurate [Fe(OOCC11H23)3] metallosurfactant can successfully self‐assemble into reversed vesicles in organic media such as pure CHCl3 and a mixed solvent of CHCl3 and CH3OH. Deformed solid vesicles, including collapsed erythrocyte‐like and broken hollow shells, were obtained directly by slectively drying the organic solvents. The morphology of the reversed vesicles of metallosurfactant in the organic media to hardly solid shells is maintained and it is ascribed to the evaporation rate of the solvents and the interactions between ferrum laurate and solvents.
Structure and Bonding of Tetracyanopyrrolides
Authors: Becker Martin , Harloff Jörg , Jantz Thomas , Schulz Axel , Villinger Alexander
Published: September 2012

Salts bearing the tetracyanopyrrolide anion (TCP) were synthesized from tetracyano‐1,4‐dithiin and sodium azide according to a modified synthetic protocol. The solid‐state structures of HTCP, MeTCP, Me4NTCP, NaTCP, and the ionic liquid EMIMTCP (EMIM = 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium) are discussed for the first time. According to experimental and computational data, the TCP anion can be regarded as a pseudohalide with π bonds highly delocalized over the entire anion including the four cyano groups. The planar anion is C2v symmetric and represents a multifunctional binary CN ligand, which is capable of forming classic coordination bonds through the lone pairs of the CN groups or the ring nitrogen atom. In addition, noncovalent interactions such as π–π interactions are found and can be used to strengthen structural and electronic communication between organic ligands.
Plasma amisulpride in relation to prescribed dose, clozapine augmentation, and other factors: data from a therapeutic drug monitoring service, 2002–2010
Authors: Bowskill Sally V. J. , Patel Maxine X. , Handley Simon A. , Flanagan Robert J.
Published: September 2012

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the effect of dose and other factors on plasma amisulpride concentrations in clinical practice.

Method

Amisulpride therapeutic drug monitoring data 2002–2010 have been studied.

Results

There were 296 samples (196 adult patients). Amisulpride was not detected in 10% of samples. In the remainder, the mean plasma amisulpride in relation to the prescribed dose (mg/day) was as follows: 100–200 (111 µg/L), 201–400 (254 µg/L), 400–800 (421 µg/L), and 800–1200 (494 µg/L). For prescribed doses up to 800 mg/day, only 51% of results were within 100–319 µg/L. There were no significant sex differences in mean plasma amisulpride or mean dose. The mean plasma amisulpride, but not the dose, was significantly higher in smokers. Linear regression analysis showed that dose explained only 42% of the variation in plasma amisulpride after log10 transformation of both variables. There was no significant difference in the mean dose or mean plasma amisulpride in patients co‐prescribed clozapine as compared with the remaining samples.

Conclusion

In practice, dose is a poor predictor of plasma amisulpride concentration. Therapeutic drug monitoring may not only help assess adherence, but also guide dosage. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metabolic syndrome in psychiatrically hospitalized patients treated with antipsychotics and other psychotropics
Authors: Centorrino Franca , Masters Grace A. , Talamo Alessandra , Baldessarini Ross J. , Öngür Dost
Published: September 2012

Objective

We evaluated prevalence and risk factors for metabolic syndrome in inpatients treated with antipsychotics, with or without other psychotropic drugs. Although the literature on metabolic syndrome in psychiatry has expanded in recent years, we seek to elucidate some of the remaining gaps by examining a severely and chronically ill population heavily treated with pharmacological agents.

Methods

With data from medical records of 589 adults hospitalized at McLean Hospital in 2010 and 2011, we used standard statistical analyses to characterize risks and covariates of metabolic syndrome.

Results

With prior antipsychotic treatment, prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 29.5%. The syndrome was strongly associated with being overweight (≥25 kg/m2 in 60.1% of subjects), older age, longer treatment‐exposure, schizoaffective diagnosis (39.8%), more illness‐episodes or hospitalizations, polytherapy, and higher total daily chlorpromazine‐equivalent doses, but not sex. Notably, metabolic syndrome risk was greater among young, antipsychotic treated patients (15.5‐fold at age ≤25 years).

Conclusions

The findings extend information on the association of metabolic syndrome with antipsychotic treatment. Metabolic syndrome was found in 30% of antipsychotic‐exposed inpatients. Risk was surprisingly high in young persons and after brief treatment‐exposure, and psychotropic polytherapy increased risk. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.