bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CO2 Nanoenrichment and Nanoconfinement in Cage of Imine Covalent Organic Frameworks for High‐Performance CO2 Cathodes in Li‐CO2 Batteries
Authors: Huang Sheng , Chen Dongdong , Meng Chao , Wang Shuanjin , Ren Shan , Han Dongmei , Xiao Min , Sun Luyi , Meng Yuezhong
Published: November 2019

The Li‐CO2 battery is an emerging green energy technology coupling CO2 capture and conversion. The main drawback of present Li‐CO2 batteries is serious polarization and poor cycling caused by random deposition of lithium ions and big insulated Li2CO3 formation on the cathode during discharge. Herein, covalent organic frameworks (COF) are identified as the porous catalyst in the cathode of Li‐CO2 batteries for the first time. Graphene@COF is fabricated, graphene with thin and uniform imine COF loading, to enrich and confine CO2 in the nanospaces of micropores. The discharge voltage is raised by higher local CO2 concentration, which is predicted by the Nernst equation and realized by CO2 nanoenrichment. Moreover, uniform lithium ion deposition directed by the graphene@COF nanoconfined CO2 can produce smaller Li2CO3 particles, leading to easier Li2CO3 decomposition and thus lower charge voltage. The graphene@COF cathode with 47.5% carbon content achieves a discharge capacity of 27833 mAh g−1 at 75 mA g−1, while retaining a low charge potential of 3.5 V at 0.5 A g−1 for 56 cycles.
Did the Great Recession Affect Fertility? Examining the Impact of Job Displacements on the Timing of Births in the United States
Authors: Alam Shamma Adeeb , Bose Bijetri
Published: November 2019

We examine the impact of job losses during the Great Recession on fertility in the United States. We find that for married/cohabiting couples, job losses of males during the recession decreased the likelihood of birth. In contrast, job losses of married/cohabiting females had no impact, on average, on fertility because of opposing age‐specific effects. Although younger women were reducing fertility after job losses to cope with the loss of income, older women, aged 40 and above, were more likely to have a child following their job loss. Moreover, we find that job losses of single/noncohabiting females decreased the likelihood of birth, particularly for women below the age of 25. This negative effect on fertility persisted in the medium‐term, up to three years following the job losses. Overall, these results suggest that job losses during the recession may be partly responsible for the recent decline in the U.S. birth rates.
Reducing Photovoltage Loss in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells by Quantum Dots Alloying Modification at Cathode Contact
Authors: Wang He , Song Yilong , Dang Song , Jiang Nairong , Feng Jing , Tian Wenjing , Dong Qingfeng
Published: November 2019

The tremendous passion for inverted planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is originated from their great tendency in the roll‐to‐roll process‐compatible fabrication and huge potential for integration into tandem solar cells. But the device efficiency is still lower than regular structured PSCs. Engineering of the cathode interface to efficiently control and reduce VOC loss lights a lamp for increasing electrochemical properties and boosting overall performance. Herein, a simple interfacial modification strategy is developed by introducing a hybrid ligand interfacial layer to reduce VOC loss in PSCs with inverted planar structure. Heavily washed QDs are used as neutral charged intermedia to enable alloying reaction to transfer ligands without damage to perovskite (PVK). A band bending is immediately generated on the top surface of PVK film after QDs modification, which is directly confirmed by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). This contributes to ≈50 mV reduced VOC loss, leading to a VOC of 1.15 V and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.6% in inverted PSCs. Meanwhile, enhanced stability is achieved for these devices after QDs modification, in which PCE is maintained at >90% of initial value after 1000 h storage.
A method of identifying and analyzing irrational system behavior in a system of systems
Authors: Van Bossuyt Douglas L. , O'Halloran Bryan M. , Arlitt Ryan M.
Published: November 2019

System of interest (SoI) failures can sometimes be traced to an unexpected behavior occurring within another system that is a member of the system of systems (SoS) with the SoI. This article presents a method for use when designing an SoI that helps to analyze an SoS for unexpected behaviors from existing SoS members during the SoI's conceptual functional modeling phase of system architecture. The concept of irrationality initiators—unanticipated or unexpected failure flows emitted from one system that adversely impact an SoI, which appear to be impossible or irrational to engineers developing the new system—is introduced and implemented in a quantitative risk analysis method. The method is implemented in the failure flow identification and propagation framework to yield a probability distribution of failure paths through an SoI in the SoS. An example of a network of autonomous vehicles operating in a partially denied environment is presented to demonstrate the method. The method presented in this paper allows practitioners to more easily identify potential failure paths and prioritize fixing vulnerabilities in an SoI during functional modeling when significant changes can still be made with minimal impact to cost and schedule.
Interface modeling for product‐service system integration
Authors: Maleki Elaheh , Belkadi Farouk , Bonjour Eric , Slayman Ali , Bernard Alain
Published: November 2019

Product‐service system (PSS) is proposed as a response to the increasing need for sustainable solutions. To provide PSS, companies develop a customized system interconnecting heterogeneous systems. Consequently, distinguishing and modeling the interfaces in PSS is challenging because of the heterogeneity of its tangible and intangible components and their continuous interactions. To tackle this issue, this paper presents a contribution to interface definition in PSS architecture. It aims at proposing a conceptual model supporting the definition and classification of the interfaces in PSS architecture as a system of systems. Based on systems engineering recommendations, the model defines the interfaces between subsystems and components. The application of the model is illustrated by a pragmatic use case concerning a station‐less bicycle‐sharing system.
LPS‐enhanced IGF‐IIR pathway to induce H9c2 cardiomyoblast cell hypertrophy was attenuated by Carthamus tinctorius extract via IGF‐IR activation
Authors: Tung Chum‐Liang , Hsieh Dennis Jine‐Yuan , Baskaran Rathinasamy , Ban Bo , Dung Tran Duc , Ju Da‐Tong , Viswanadha Vijaya Padma , Day Cecilia Hsuan , Yeh Yu‐Lan , Huang Chih‐Yang
Published: November 2019

The use of herbs as alternative cardiovascular disease treatment has attracted a great deal of attention owing to their lower toxicity. Whether Carthamus tinctorius extract prevent cardiomyoblast cell hypertrophy remains unclear. The present study was performed to investigate the effect of C tinctorius extract (CTF) on rat cardiomyoblast cell H9c2 and the possible molecular mechanisms. H9c2 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 2 μg/mL) for 12 hours, subsequently treated with CTF (1‐25 μg/mL) The incubation continued for another 24 hours, and the cells were analyzed with actin staining assay, western blot analysis, and siRNA transfection assays. In the present study, the increased cell size induced by LPS was significantly decreased by pretreating at a concentration of 1‐25 μg/mL CTF. It was found that CTF could inhibit cardiac hypertrophy induced by LPS and decrease hypertrophic proteins calcineurin, p‐GATA‐4, GATA‐4, atrial natriuretic peptide, and B‐type natriuretic peptide levels in H9c2 cells. Additionally, LPS‐induced insulin‐like growth factor‐II receptor (IGF‐IIR) hypertrophy pathway was downregulated by CTF. Moreover, IGF‐IR siRNA or inhibitors both reversed the CTF effects, confirming that CTF activates IGF‐1R to prevent LPS‐induced H9c2 cardiomyoblast cell hypertrophy. The current findings indicate that CTF activates IGF‐IR to inhibit IGF‐IIR signaling pathway which resulted in reducing H9c2 cardiomyoblast cell hypertrophy induced by LPS.
Keeping Students Interested: Interest‐Based Instruction as a Tool to Engage
Authors: Robertson Dana A. , Padesky Christopher James
Published: November 2019

Interest‐based instruction involves attending to students’ individual interests, including their existing topical interests, and triggering new situational interests, which can be cultivated during instruction. Understanding four teaching actions—approaching curricular planning intentionally, contextualizing learning, building relevance and value in the task or topic, and incorporating inquiry and project‐based learning—is important in cultivating an interest‐based approach. The authors examined the roles of interest and teaching actions in promoting students’ motivation and engagement. Two vignettes demonstrate how interest and teaching actions can drive planning, instruction, and instructional activities to promote students’ reading and writing development.
An Illumina approach to MHC typing of Atlantic salmon
Authors: Sundaram Arvind Y. M. , Garseth Åse Helen , Maccari Giuseppe , Grimholt Unni
Published: November 2019

The IPD-MHC Database represents the official repository for non-human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) sequences, overseen and supported by the Comparative MHC Nomenclature Committee, providing access to curated MHC data and associated analysis tools. IPD-MHC gathers allelic MHC class I and class II sequences from classical and non-classical MHC loci from various non-human animals including pets, farmed and experimental model animals. So far, Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout are the only teleost fish species with MHC class I and class II sequences present. For the remaining teleost or ray-finned species, data on alleles originating from given classical locus is scarce hampering their inclusion in the database. However, a fast expansion of sequenced genomes opens for identification of classical loci where high-throughput sequencing (HTS) will enable typing of allelic variants in a variety of new teleost or ray-finned species. HTS also opens for large-scale studies of salmonid MHC diversity challenging the current database nomenclature and analysis tools. Here we establish an Illumina approach to identify allelic MHC diversity in Atlantic salmon, using animals from an endangered wild population, and alter the salmonid MHC nomenclature to accommodate the expected sequence expansions.
ANDROMEDA – Eine Untersuchung von Einflussfaktoren auf die Adhärenz von Patienten mit neovaskulärer altersabhängiger Makuladegeneration mithilfe des neu konzipierten Patientenfragebogens LAF-IVT
Authors: Holz F. G. , Johnson K. T. , Bauer-Steinhusen U. , Rech C. , Machewitz T. , Müller S. , Finger R. P.
Published: November 2019

Hintergrund

Mangelnde Therapietreue ist ein weitverbreitetes Versorgungsproblem in der Anti-VEGF(Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)-Behandlung von Patienten mit neovaskulärer altersabhängiger Makuladegeneration (nAMD). Im Gegensatz zum Ausmaß mangelnder Therapietreue gibt es bislang keine ausreichende Evidenz zu den Ursachen. Die ANDROMEDA-Studie wurde initiiert, um die Einflussfaktoren der Therapietreue von nAMD-Patienten zu untersuchen. Der Fokus der Studie liegt auf patientenberichteten Endpunkten, da die Wahrnehmungen und Erfahrungen der Patienten für die Untersuchung der vielfältigen Aspekte von Therapietreue von enormer Bedeutung sind.

Ziel der Arbeit

In dieser Publikation werden das Design der Studie sowie die Entwicklung eines neuen Patientenfragebogens zur Erfassung von Therapiehürden vorgestellt.

Material und Methoden

Anfang 2019 wurde die prospektive, nichtinterventionelle Beobachtungsstudie zur Erfassung der Therapietreue von nAMD-Patienten und Anti-VEGF-Behandlung gestartet. Es ist geplant, deutschlandweit 1000 Patienten in 120 Studienzentren für 24 Monate zu beobachten. Dabei werden zu Beginn sowie nach 4, 12 und 24 Monaten Patienteninterviews zur allgemeinen und visusbezogenen Lebensqualität, zur Behandlungszufriedenheit und zu möglichen Therapiehürden geführt. Sämtliche Visiten werden im Rahmen der klinischen Routine durch die Studienzentren dokumentiert. Bislang existierte zur Erfassung patientenseitiger Begleitumstände und potenzieller Hürden der Anti-VEGF-Therapie kein geeignetes Instrument, weshalb ein spezifischer Patientenfragebogen, der „Patient Questionnaire for Longitudinal Assessment of Adherence Factors to Intravitreal (anti-VEGF) Therapy“ (LAF-IVT), entwickelt wurde. Vor dem Einsatz in dieser Studie wurde der von einem Expertenpanel entwickelte Fragebogen mittels qualitativer Interviews hinsichtlich seiner kognitiven Eigenschaften geprüft.

Ergebnisse

Die Ergebnisse der Studie werden Anfang 2023 erwartet. Die kognitive Prüfung des LAF-IVT bestätigte die Einsatzfähigkeit des neuen Fragebogens. Die Praktikabilität und Aussagekraft des neuen Instruments können nach Abschluss der quantitativen Datenerhebung beurteilt werden.

Diskussion

Die von Patienten erlebten Symptome, Hürden, Lasten und Lebensqualitätseffekte einer Therapie beeinflussen die Therapietreue und damit die Therapieergebnisse. Ein besseres Verständnis der Patientensichtweisen und -erfahrungen ist die Grundlage für eine dauerhafte Optimierung der Versorgung.
REFLECT—a phase 3 trial comparing efficacy and safety of lenvatinib to sorafenib for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: an analysis of Japanese subset
Authors: Yamashita Tatsuya , Kudo Masatoshi , Ikeda Kenji , Izumi Namiki , Tateishi Ryosuke , Ikeda Masafumi , Aikata Hiroshi , Kawaguchi Yasunori , Wada Yoshiyuki , Numata Kazushi , Inaba Yoshitaka , Kuromatsu Ryoko , Kobayashi Masahiro , Okusaka Takuji , Tamai Toshiyuki , Kitamura Chifumi , Saito Kenichi , Haruna Katsuya , Okita Kiwamu , Kumada Hiromitsu
Published: November 2019

Background

A phase 3, multinational, randomized, non-inferiority trial (REFLECT) compared the efficacy and safety of lenvatinib (LEN) and sorafenib (SOR) in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC). LEN had an effect on overall survival (OS) compared to SOR, statistically confirmed by non-inferiority [OS: median = 13.6 months vs. 12.3 months; hazard ratio (HR) 0.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79–1.06], and demonstrated statistically significant improvements in progression-free survival (PFS) and the objective response rate (ORR) in the overall population. The results of a subset analysis that evaluated the efficacy and safety of LEN and SOR in the Japanese population are reported.

Methods

The intent-to-treat population enrolled in Japan was analyzed.

Results

Of 954 patients in the overall population, 168 Japanese patients were assigned to the LEN arm (N = 81) or the SOR arm (N = 87). Median OS was 17.6 months for LEN vs. 17.8 months for SOR (HR 0.90; 95% CI 0.62–1.29). LEN showed statistically significant improvements over SOR in PFS (7.2 months vs. 4.6 months) and ORR (29.6% vs. 6.9%). The relative dose intensity of LEN and SOR in the Japanese population was lower than in the overall population. Frequently observed, related adverse events included palmar-plantar erythrodysaesthesia syndrome (PPES), hypertension, decreased appetite, and proteinuria in the LEN arm, and PPES, hypertension, diarrhea, and alopecia in the SOR arm.

Conclusions

The efficacy and safety of LEN in the Japanese population were similar to those in the overall population of REFLECT. With manageable adverse events, LEN is a new treatment option for Japanese patients with uHCC.

Trial registration ID

ClinicalTrials.gov. No. NCT01761266.
Respiratory-Syncytial-Virus-Prophylaxe mit Palivizumab
Authors: Resch B. , Eber E. , Ehringer-Schetitska D. , Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U. , Michel‑Behnke I. , Popow-Kraupp T. , Redlberger-Fritz M. , Seidel M. , Strenger V. , Wald M. , Zacharasiewicz A. , Berger A.
Published: November 2019

Im Rahmen eines industrieunabhängigen Expertenkreises wurden die Empfehlungen zur Respiratory-Syncytial-Virus(RSV)-Prophylaxe mit Palivizumab der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde (ÖGKJ) von 2008 überarbeitet und im Delphi-Verfahren ein Update für das Jahr 2019 geschaffen.

Frühgeborene (FG) ≤28 (+6 Tage) Schwangerschaftswochen (SSW) sollen Palivizumab über die 1. Saison, bei Entlassung am Ende einer Saison (Alter <9 Monate vor Saisonbeginn) für die darauffolgende Saison erhalten. FG 29 (+0)–32 (+6) SSW (Alter <6 Monate zu Saisonbeginn) sollen Palivizumab für die 1. Saison erhalten (Voraussetzung 4 Punkte im RSV-Risikoscore); und FG 33 (+0) bis 35 (+6) SSW (Alter <3 Monate zu Saisonbeginn) für die 1. Saison (Voraussetzung 4 Punkte im RSV-Risikoscore). FG mit bronchopulmonaler Dysplasie (BPD; Beatmung oder Sauerstoffbedarf im Alter von 36 SSW) – sollen Palivizumab für die 1. Saison erhalten und bei therapiepflichtiger BPD im 2. Lebensjahr auch für eine 2. Saison. Alle Kinder mit hämodynamisch signifikantem Herzfehler (CHD) <12 Monaten erhalten Palivizumab für die 1. Saison und nur nach Einzelfalldiskussion (partiell korrigierte CHD oder Herztransplantation) für eine 2. Saison. Außerhalb der Regelverordnung sehen die Experten einen Handlungsspielraum für pulmonologische Indikationen, neuromuskuläre Erkrankungen, das Down-Syndrom, Immundefekte und schwerer Immunsuppression jeweils für eine 1. RSV-Saison.

Palivizumab wird mit 15 mg/kg Körpergewicht intramuskulär dosiert und maximal 5‑mal von Mitte/Ende November bis März in Injektionsintervallen von 28 bis 30 Tagen gegeben. Banale Infekte stellen keine Kontraindikation für die Immunisierung dar. Palivizumab hemmt auch nicht die Immunantwort gegenüber aktiven Immunisationen.
Growth conditions, physiological properties, and selection of optimal parameters of biodegradation of anticancer drug daunomycin in industrial effluents by Bjerkandera adusta CCBAS930
Authors: Korniłłowicz-Kowalska Teresa , Rybczyńska-Tkaczyk Kamila
Published: November 2019

The study characterizes the anamorphicBjerkandera adustastrain CCBAS 930, including growth conditions, physiological properties, and enzymatic activities related to basic metabolism and specific properties coupled with the fungal secondary metabolism. It was established that the fungus grows in a wide pH range (3.5–7.5), up to 3% of salt concentration and a temperature of 5–30 °C. Media rich in natural organic components (potato, maize extracts, whey) are optimal for biomass propagation. Minimal media, containing mineral salts and glucose as well as static growth conditions, are required to obtain idiophasic mycelium, equivalent to the secondary metabolism of the fungus. Of the 7 complex C, N, and energy sources tested, the strain did not utilize only fibrous cellulose. Lipolytic activity reached the highest values of the enzymatic activities corresponding to those capabilities. The specific properties of strainB. adustaCCBAS 930 determined by the production of HRP-like peroxidase were related to the decolorization and biodegradation of anthraquinone derivative daunomycin. The decolorization of 30% of daunomycin effluents occurred most rapidly in iso-osmotic medium and non-enriched with nitrogen, containing 0.25% glucose, pH = 5.0–6.0, and 25–30 °C. In agitated cultures, the strain decolorized solutions of daunomycin by biosorption, which coincided with the inhibition of aerial mycelium production and HRP-like biosynthesis. Based on knowledge, potential and real possibilities of using the strain in bioremediation of colored industrial sewage were discussed.
Sieverdingia gen. nov., S. tortuosa comb. nov., and Diversispora peloponnesiaca sp. nov. in the Diversisporaceae (Glomeromycota)
Authors: Błaszkowski Janusz , Niezgoda Piotr , de Paiva Jéssica Nunes , da Silva Kássia Jéssica Galdino , Theodoro Raquel Cordeiro , Jobim Khadija , Orfanoudakis Michail , Goto Bruno Tomio
Published: November 2019

Phylogenetic analyses of 18S–ITS–28S nuc rDNA sequences indicated that the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus originally described asGlomus tortuosumand later transferred to the genusCorymbiglomusrepresents a separate, previously unrecognized clade at the rank of genus in the family Diversisporaceae (order Diversisporales, phylum Glomeromycota). The analyses located the clade between clades representing the generaDesertisporaandRedeckera. Consequently, a new genus,Sieverdingia, was erected, withS. tortuosacomb. nov. The unique morphological feature ofS. tortuosais the formation of glomoid-like spores with a single-layered spore wall covered with a hyphal mantle. Importantly, the erection ofSieverdingiaclarified the definition ofCorymbiglomus, which currently consists of three species producing glomoid-like spores with one, three- to four-layered spore wall. The features of the innermost layer, which is hyaline, laminate, flexible to semi-flexible, indicate that it is a synapomorphy ofCorymbiglomus. The definitions ofCorymbiglomusand its species were emended. Moreover, the distribution ofS. tortuosaand the three species ofCorymbiglomuswas discussed based on own studies, literature data, and molecular sequences deposited in public databases. We concluded that the distribution ofS. tortuosaandC. globiferumknown in environmental studies based on their partial 28S nuc rDNA sequences only may be understated because the main molecular characteristics distinguishing these species reside outside the 28S region. Finally, we described a new species in the genusDiversisporaoriginating from Mediterranean dunes of the Peloponnese peninsula, Greece. The same phylogenetic analyses mentioned above indicated that the closest relative of the new species, producing dark-coloured spores, isD. clara, whose spores are creamy white at most.
Picking and Choosing Among Phase I Trials
Authors: Fisher Jill A. , Monahan Torin , Walker Rebecca L.
Published: November 2019

This article empirically examines how healthy volunteers evaluate and make sense of the risks of phase I clinical drug trials. This is an ethically important topic because healthy volunteers are exposed to risk but can gain no medical benefit from their trial participation. Based on in-depth qualitative interviews with 178 healthy volunteers enrolled in various clinical trials, we found that participants focus on myriad characteristics of clinical trials when assessing risk and making enrolment decisions. These factors include the short-term and long-term effects; required medical procedures; the type of trial, including its design, therapeutic area of investigation, and dosage of the drug; the amount of compensation; and trust in the research clinic. In making determinations about the study risks, participants rely on information provided during the consent process, their own and others’ experiences in clinical trials, and comparisons among studies. Our findings indicate that the informed consent process succeeds in communicating well about certain types of risk information while simultaneously creating lacunae that are problematically filled by participants through their collective experiences and assumptions about risk. We discuss the ethical implications of these findings and make recommendations for improving the consent process in healthy volunteer trials.
Targeted Multiple Reaction Monitoring Analysis of CSF Identifies UCHL1 and GPNMB as Candidate Biomarkers for ALS
Authors: Zhu Shaochun , Wuolikainen Anna , Wu Junfang , Öhman Anders , Wingsle Gunnar , Moritz Thomas , Andersen Peter M. , Forsgren Lars , Trupp Miles
Published: November 2019

The neurodegenerative diseases amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) share some common molecular deficits including disruption of protein homeostasis leading to disease-specific protein aggregation. While insoluble protein aggregates are the defining pathological confirmation of diagnosis, patient stratification based on early molecular etiologies may identify distinct subgroups within a clinical diagnosis that would respond differently in therapeutic development programs. We are developing targeted multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry methods to rigorously quantify CSF proteins from known disease genes involved in lysosomal, ubiquitin-proteasomal, and autophagy pathways. Analysis of CSF from 21 PD, 21 ALS, and 25 control patients, rigorously matched for gender, age, and age of sample, revealed significant changes in peptide levels between PD, ALS, and control. In patients with PD, levels of two peptides for chromogranin B (CHGB, secretogranin 1) were significantly reduced. In CSF of patients with ALS, levels of two peptides from ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase like protein 1 (UCHL1) and one peptide each for glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) and cathepsin D (CTSD) were all increased. Analysis of patients with ALS separated into two groups based on length of survival after CSF sampling revealed that the increases in GPNMB and UCHL1 were specific for short-lived ALS patients. While analysis of additional cohorts is required to validate these candidate biomarkers, this study suggests methods for stratification of ALS patients for clinical trials and identifies targets for drug efficacy measurements during therapeutic development.
Infantile Onset of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 5 (SCA-5) in a 6 Month Old with Ataxic Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Rea Gillian , Tirupathi Sandya , Williams Jonathan , Clouston Penny , Morrison Patrick J.
Published: November 2019

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 5 (SCA-5) is a predominantly slowly progressive adult onset ataxia. We describe a child with a presentation of ataxic cerebral palsy (CP) and developmental delay at 6 months of age. Genetic testing confirmed a c.812C>T p.(Thr271Ile) mutation within the SPTBN2 gene. Seven previous cases of infantile onset SCA-5 are reported in the literature, four of which had a CP presentation. Early onset of SCA-5 presents with ataxic CP and is a rare cause of cerebral palsy.
Flood Frequency Analysis of the Rapti River Basin using Log Pearson Type-III and Gumbel Extreme Value-1 Methods
Authors: Kumar Rajesh
Published: November 2019

Flooding is a widespread, frequent and most disastrous natural hazard around the globe. Flood frequency analysis is a necessary step for floodplain zoning and planning of the dams, bridges, culverts, embankments and anti-erosion structures along or across a river. In the Rapti river basin, the flood frequency analysis has been performed using the annual maxima series of discharges recorded at Jalkundi and Birdghat (Gorakhpur) gauge and discharge (G/D) sites with the help of Log Pearson Type-III (LP-III) and Gumbel Extreme Value -1 (EV1) methods. The flood discharges at 25, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 year return periods are lower at Birdghat than those at Jalkundi. Such a reverse scenario indicates storage of flood waters in the Rapti floodplain near and upstream of Birdghat G/D site. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) and Anderson-Darling (A-D) tests have been applied on the annual maxima series of discharge data to identify the appropriate curve fitting models, namely LP-III and EV1. The goodness-of-fit analysis shows that the LP-III method is more appropriate for flood frequency analysis than the EV1 at above mentioned G/D sites.
Hydrochemistry of Groundwater from Chevella Watershed, Telangana State, India
Authors: Podila Sankara Pitchaiah , Penumaka Ramesh , Cherukuri Israel
Published: November 2019

Hydrochemical studies are useful to understand the variation of chemical facies and interaction between water and host rock. 88 groundwater samples were collected from Chevella sub-basin, Telangana state, during the pre and post monsoon seasons of 2009 and 2013 and subjected to the chemical analysis. Chadhas’ hydrochemical diagram was used to study the chemical facies. Statistical correlation and ‘t’ test were carried out to understand the relation between various chemical parameters and to study the variation between seasons. The study found that there is a dilution of almost all the chemical parameters temporally. It is also identified that the groundwater of the Chevella sub- basin is Ca2+– Mg2+– Cl- type. A highly significant correlation is found between pre and post 2009, pre and post 2013 and pre 2009 and post 2013. The ‘T-test’ values indicate that all the cations and anions were decreased in concentration from pre and post monsoon 2009 to 2013. It is attributed to the spacial and temporal variations, i.e., rainfall, creation of water harvesting structures and sufficient time to recharge. The study proved that ground water quality and chemistry can be improved by creating suitable RHS.
A Framework for Considering Climate Change Impacts in Project Selection for Deepwater Horizon Restoration Efforts
Authors: Carl Kraft Bethany , Crandall Raelene
Published: November 2019

The 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill resulted in extensive damage to the northern Gulf of Mexico ecosystem. Resulting fines and penalties have triggered one of the largest ecological restoration efforts in U.S. history. Nearly $20 Billion in funding from oil spill-related claims and settlements will be available in the coming years for environmental restoration and economic recovery. At the same time, climate change is also impacting ecosystem form and function in the Gulf region, which could undermine the long-term sustainability of projects by limiting their useful life or impeding anticipated benefits over time (e.g., ecosystem services, flood protection). These challenges can be considered and addressed in project planning, selection and adaptive management phases of restoration. If decision-makers do not consider the longevity of projects in the face of climate-related stressors, in 30 to 50 years there could be very little to show for a $20 Billion investment, with the Gulf ecosystem still in need of extensive restoration but without the monetary resources to accomplish restoration goals and mitigate climate-related impacts. This paper provides a framework for decision makers to consider how to incorporate climate change considerations for wetland restoration activities related to the DWH spill.
Improving dialogue among researchers, local and indigenous peoples and decision-makers to address issues of climate change in the North
Authors: Callaghan Terry V. , Kulikova Olga , Rakhmanova Lidia , Topp-Jørgensen Elmer , Labba Niklas , Kuhmanen Lars-Anders , Kirpotin Sergey , Shaduyko Olga , Burgess Henry , Rautio Arja , Hindshaw Ruth S. , Golubyatnikov Leonid L. , Marshall Gareth J. , Lobanov Andrey , Soromotin Andrey , Sokolov Alexander , Sokolova Natalia , Filant Praskovia , Johansson Margareta
Published: November 2019

The Circumpolar North has been changing rapidly within the last decades, and the socioeconomic systems of the Eurasian Arctic and Siberia in particular have displayed the most dramatic changes. Here, anthropogenic drivers of environmental change such as migration and industrialization are added to climate-induced changes in the natural environment such as permafrost thawing and increased frequency of extreme events. Understanding and adapting to both types of changes are important to local and indigenous peoples in the Arctic and for the wider global community due to transboundary connectivity. As local and indigenous peoples, decision-makers and scientists perceive changes and impacts differently and often fail to communicate efficiently to respond to changes adequately, we convened a meeting of the three groups in Salekhard in 2017. The outcomes of the meeting include perceptions of how the three groups each perceive the main issues affecting health and well-being and recommendations for working together better.
Banana peel biochar as alternative source of potassium for plant productivity and sustainable agriculture
Authors: Islam Mahmuda , Halder M. , Siddique Md. A. B. , Razir S. A. A. , Sikder S. , Joardar J. C.
Published: November 2019

Purpose

Biochar addition to soil is immensely beneficial for increasing plant productivity and C sequestration, attenuating nutrient leaching loss, counteracting heavy metal contamination and organic waste triggered environmental pollution. To understand the sustainable benefits of biochar, two pot experiments were conducted under net house condition in Khulna University, Bangladesh.

Methods

Biochar was prepared from banana peel waste through slow pyrolysis process under limited oxygen condition. Three lower rates (1, 2 and 3%) of banana peel biochar (BPB) were added with agricultural soil along with control with three replications for each. After incorporation of BPB into soil, pots were kept under field condition for 7 days and then the seeds of Ipomoea aquatica were sown. Plants were harvested after 42 days from seeds sowing and plant height, leaf number, fresh weight, and dry weight were measured. Another pot experiment was also conducted under sand medium to test the BPB as K-rich soil amendment where K was applied from two different sources (KCl and BPB) along with control. Seeds of Cucurbita moschata were sown and 40 days after seed sowing, K deficiency was observed in control treatments.

Results

Banana peel biochar was found to be rich in K content. Plant productivity and above-ground biomass were reduced in 1% BPB treatments, but increased in 2 and 3% BPB treatments as compared to control but statistically insignificant (p < 0.05). In case of second experiment, K deficiency symptoms were observed in 40 days aged Cucurbita moschata seedlings under control treatments, whereas no K deficiency symptom was noticed in plants grown under K supplied from both KCl and BPB. Moreover, the plant grown with BPB was found healthy, stronger and greener in appearance.

Conclusion

This positive influence of BPB on plant growth suggests the alternative way to overcome the use of chemical fertilizer and effective way of utilization of agricultural wastes through recycling.
Comparative study on bearing mechanism and design parameters of confined concrete arch joints in deep soft rock roadway
Authors: Lu Wei , Wang Qi , Jiang Bei , Xu Shuo , Liu Bohong , Zhang Peng , Jiang Zhenhua
Published: November 2019

Square confined concrete arch is increasingly used in deep soft rock roadway support because of its advantages of high strength and construction convenience. However, the design of confined concrete arch in underground engineering still remains in experience-based method and lacks quantitative analysis. As a connecting component between arch sections, the connection joints have an important influence on the internal force distribution and failure mechanism of support arch. Therefore, a reasonable design of arch joints is the premise of rational support design. Taking Liangjia Coal Mine, a typical deep soft rock mine in China, as research background, this paper fully compared the most widely used joint types of confined concrete arch as analytical objects: flange joints and casing joints. The main failure modes of these two kinds of joints under bending moment are defined. Laboratory and numerical tests are carried out to study the mechanical characteristics of joints. Based on the M–θ curve, the influence law of different design parameters is analyzed, and the design principles of joints are proposed. The research results could provide a theoretical basis for the design and application of confined concrete arch in related projects.
Spatial long memory
Authors: Robinson Peter M.
Published: November 2019

We discuss developments and future prospects for statistical modeling and inference for spatial data that have long memory. While a number of contributons have been made, the literature is relatively small and scattered, compared to the literatures on long memory time series on the one hand, and spatial data with short memory on the other. Thus, over several topics, our discussions frequently begin by surveying relevant work in these areas that might be extended in a long memory spatial setting.
Electroporation of outer membrane vesicles derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa with gold nanoparticles
Authors: Ayed Zeineb , Cuvillier Luana , Dobhal Garima , Goreham Renee V.
Published: November 2019

Since their discovery, extracellular vesicles have gained considerable scientific interest as a novel drug delivery system. In particular, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) play a critical role in bacteria–bacteria communication and bacteria–host interactions by trafficking cell signalling biochemicals (i.e. DNA, RNA, proteins). Although previous studies have focused on the use of OMVs as vaccines, little work has been done on loading them with functional nanomaterials for drug delivery. We have developed a novel drug delivery system by loading OMVs with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). AuNPs are versatile nanoparticles that have been extensively used in disease therapeutics. The particles were loaded into the vesicles via electroporation, which uses an electric pulse to create a short-lived electric field. The resulting capacitance on the membrane generates pores in the lipid bilayer of the OMVs allowing AuNPs (or any nanoparticle under 10 nm) inside the vesicles. Closure of the pores of the lipid membrane of the OMVs entraps the nanoparticles as cargo. Transmission electron microscopy was used to confirm the loading of AuNPs inside the OMVs and dynamic light scattering (DLS) and cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) verified the size and integrity of the OMVs. This is the first report to load nanoparticles into OMVs, demonstrating a potential method for drug delivery.

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Paleoaesthetics and the Practice of Paleontology
Authors: Turner Derek D.
Published: November 2019

The practice of paleontology has an aesthetic as well as an epistemic dimension. Paleontology has distinctively aesthetic aims, such as cultivating sense of place and developing a better aesthetic appreciation of fossils. Scientific cognitivists in environmental aesthetics argue that scientific knowledge deepens and enhances our appreciation of nature. Drawing on that tradition, this Element argues that knowledge of something's history makes a difference to how we engage with it aesthetically. This means that investigation of the deep past can contribute to aesthetic aims. Aesthetic engagement with fossils and landscapes is also crucial to explaining paleontology's epistemic successes.
Linking bedrock discontinuities to glacial quarrying
Authors: Woodard J. B. , Zoet L. K. , Iverson N. R. , Helanow C.
Published: November 2019

Quarrying and abrasion are the two principal processes responsible for glacial erosion of bedrock. The morphologies of glacier hard beds depend on the relative effectiveness of these two processes, as abrasion tends to smooth bedrock surfaces and quarrying tends to roughen them. Here we analyze concentrations of bedrock discontinuities in the Tsanfleuron forefield, Switzerland, to help determine the geologic conditions that favor glacial quarrying over abrasion. Aerial discontinuity concentrations are measured from scaled drone-based photos where fractures and bedding planes in the bedrock are manually mapped. A Tukey honest significant difference test indicates that aerial concentration of bed-normal bedrock discontinuities is not significantly different between quarried and non-quarried areas of the forefield. Thus, an alternative explanation is needed to account for the spatial variability of quarried areas. To investigate the role that bed-parallel discontinuities might play in quarrying, we use a finite element model to simulate bed-normal fracture propagation within a stepped bed with different step heights. Results indicate that higher steps (larger spacing of bed-parallel discontinuities) propagate bed-normal fractures more readily than smaller steps. Thus, the spacing of bed-parallel discontinuities could exert strong control on quarrying by determining the rate that blocks can be loosened from the host rock.
Transformative Vision of Islamic Jurisprudence and the Pursuit of Common Ground for the Social Good in Pluralist Societies
Authors: ELMAHJUB Ezieddin
Published: November 2019

Notions of the social good including rights, fairness, and economic efficiency influence our choices of law and policymaking. The discussion on social good is normally a heated one in pluralistic societies with multiple worldviews on the right thing to do. This article brings a novel Islamic perspective on the social good in pluralistic societies. In doing so, it makes and defends three propositions: first, religious notions of the social good, including those derived from the Islamic worldview, should not be excluded from public justifications when making moral and policy choices. There is no good reason for plural/secular societies to reject the benefits of religious presence in public discourse given the overwhelming evidence on religious precepts being a mobilizing force to promote co-existence and social cooperation. Second, Islamic notions of social good can contribute to that end. The article criticizes the common perception of Islamic ethics that views Islamic doctrine as a rigid positivist system which imposes inflexible moral codes limiting the influence of independent human intellect and agency. I show that Islamic notions of the social good are dynamic and adaptable to change. The third part of the article shows that the social good in Islamic doctrine has always been defined with reference to essential human needs, including the promotion of life, intellect, social cooperation, and justice. At their core, Islamic notions of the social good exhibit an overarching deontological orientation towards moral choices. They broadly overlap with comparative and influential frameworks on human flourishing, including the ‘Human Development Paradigm’ and the ‘Capabilities Approach’.
Horizontal Differentiation and Determinants of Wine Exports: Evidence from Portugal
Authors: Macedo Anthony , Gouveia Sofia , Rebelo João
Published: November 2019

Assuming horizontal differentiation and using an expanded gravity model, the main objective of this article is to assess the determinants of Portuguese wine exports. Horizontal differentiation is considered, with still and fortified wines being distinguished, as well as three distinct designations of origin: Vinho Verde, Douro, and Port wines. The results from the period between 2006 and 2016 suggest that wineries and private and public agencies should focus their commercial and policy efforts on countries with high purchasing power and/or with great potential for growth, regardless of whether the customs costs are higher. Moreover, it is concluded that horizontal differentiation influences the export determinants, suggesting there should exist different internationalization strategies for distinct types of wine. (JEL Classifications: F10, F14, L66)
Dualization and Electoral Realignment
Authors: Häusermann Silja
Published: November 2019

The growing research on post-industrial labor market inequality bears a strong—yet widely misunderstood—relevance for the literature on electoral realignment. In this contribution, I contend that the assumption of “labor market outsiders” being equal to “globalization/modernization losers” is largely mistaken. Rather, atypical work and unemployment is most widespread among service workers, whose primary electoral choice is to abstain from voting. This implies that the ongoing reconfiguration of European party systems—through the rise of right-wing populist parties—is driven by skilled and routine workers in the manufacturing sector (the traditional “insiders”). Hence, the rise of right-wing populist parties reflects a political mobilization of the formerly well-protected industrial working class, rather than of labor market outsiders.
Performance investigation of a high-temperature and power Hall-effect electric propulsion
Authors: Li Lai , Lu Xi , Wang Wei , Zhu Guiping , Huang Hulin , Zhang Xidong
Published: November 2019

This paper discusses a detailed computational analysis that illustrated the influences of the magnetic field and external potential on the performance of a high-temperature Hall-effect electric thruster. Uniform and non-uniform magnetic field configurations were examined. The Lorentz force in the

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direction, acting on the plasma, was shown to substantially enhance the flow velocity in the non-uniform magnetic field, which indicated that the non-uniform magnetic field was more suitable for Hall-effect electromagnetic acceleration. The static temperature increased with the external potential, especially near the region of cathode. This increment in gas temperature, together with the effect of the Lorentz force, results in the enhancement of the velocity at the front and back of the cathode. However, the Mach number and gas density decreased due to static temperature increases caused by the conversion of more electric power into internal energy. The thrust increased eventually with the increase of the average exit velocity.
A countervailing atonement: The meaning of equivalence in the American moral governmental theory of the atonement
Authors: Todd Obbie Tyler
Published: November 2019

In the American moral governmental theory of the atonement, the idea of equivalence is best understood in terms of a countervailing, or the achieving of a moral equilibrium. According to Jonathan Edwards’ disciples, Christ's atonement was not quantifiably equivalent to the penalty of the law, but morally and meaningfully equivalent. In other words, Christ's physical and psychological sufferings were not equal in amount or degree to a sinner's damnation. Rather, Christ's substitution for divine punishment exhibited sufficient displeasure against sin to effectively communicate his character and to offset the evil effects of sin. At stake was not the moral quantity of his crucifixion, but the moral quality. In this moral governmental scheme, Christ's was not a commutative atonement, but a countervailing atonement.
Theological interpretation of non-biblical texts
Authors: Sarisky Darren
Published: November 2019

Against the backdrop of the debate about theological reading of scripture, this essay asks whether there ought to be theological interpretation of non-biblical texts. The claim is that there should be, since theology can serve as an encompassing framework that structures all of one's beliefs. On this view, non-biblical literary texts function as a set of non-privileged signs pointing toward the Christian God. These texts should therefore be read using a reading strategy that relates them to God. This raises some complexities in the argument, however, because if these texts not only do not form part of the biblical canon, but also are different in content from those that do, then it is not straightforward how they can be read with reference to the Christian God. The essay wrestles with this issue as well as the objection that the proposal advocates a version of natural theology.
Neo-traditionalist ecclesiology in Orthodoxy
Authors: Ladouceur Paul
Published: November 2019

Modern anti-ecumenism in Orthodoxy is grounded in a sacramental or eucharistic ecclesiology which identifies Christianity and the church exclusively with the Orthodox Church and stands in opposition to universal baptismal ecclesiology. This neo-traditionalist ecclesiology stresses the unity of the sacraments of baptism, chrismation and eucharist as equally necessary for membership in the church, identified exclusively with the Orthodox Church. It exploits a weakness in Orthodox eucharistic ecclesiology, according to which the church, identified with the Orthodox eucharistic community, can be interpreted as excluding non-Orthodox Christians from the church. The article demonstrates that this anti-ecumenical, exclusivist ecclesiology is contrary to several major aspects of the Orthodox tradition.