bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Smart Ellis Island? Tracing techniques of automating border control
Authors: Seuferling Philipp
Published: August 2024

The buzzword “smart borders” captures the latest instantiation of media technologies constituting state bordering. This article traces historical techniques of knowledge-production and decision-making at the border, in the case of Ellis Island immigration station, New York City (1892–1954). State bordering has long been enabled by media technologies, engulfed with imaginaries of neutral, unambiguous, efficient sorting between desired and undesired migrants—promises central to today’s “smart border” projects. Specifically, the use of “proxies” for decision-making is traced historically, for example, biometric or biographic data, collected as seemingly authentic and neutral stand-ins for the migrant. Techniques of selecting, storing, and correlating proxies through media technologies demonstrate how public health anxieties, eugenics, and scientific technocracy of the Progressive Era formed the context of proxies being entrusted to enable decision-making. This pre-digital history of automation reveals how the logics and politics of proxification endure in contemporary border regimes and automated media at large.
Automating communication in the digital society Editorial to the special issue
Authors: Katzenbach Christian , Pentzold Christian
Published: August 2024

Automation is a defining feature of today’s societies—not only since ChatGPT and generative artificial intelligence (AI) have accomplished to produce yet another wave of hype. This essay introduces a special issue on automation and communication in the digital society. It aims to study how subjectivity, agency, and empowerment become defined and reconfigured in novel human–machine encounters and, more broadly, in societies which in large parts are kept going and sustained by complex digital infrastructures. The issue includes contributions from a wide array of disciplines and perspectives and engages with conditions, contexts, and consequences of automation in very different settings ranging from journalism to self-service hotels, and from social movements in Hong Kong to the Russian Invasion to the Ukraine. The articles offer critical perspectives on the transition of human activity into machine operations, and back, as well on the social dynamics changing and emerging in increasingly digitized and datafied societies.
Determining tolerance requirements for spray-duct alignment in ducted fuel injection
Authors: Şener Ramazan , Nyrenstedt Gustav , Baumgard Kirby J. , Mueller Charles J.
Published: August 2024

Several ducted fuel injection (DFI) studies have highlighted the importance of accuracy in aligning the duct axis with that of its corresponding spray for optimal effectiveness, as misalignment adversely impacts the method’s performance. The need for accurate alignment could lead to added manufacturing complexity via tighter tolerances. This study systematically explores cases of horizontal, vertical, and rotational misalignment, analyzing their respective effects on DFI performance. Vertical and horizontal misalignments at the duct inlet plane were varied at magnitudes of 6.25%, 12.5%, and 25.0% of the duct diameter, corresponding to 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mm, respectively. Rotational misalignments were set at 1°, 2°, and 4°, corresponding to 3.65%, 7.30%, and 14.6%, respectively, of the duct diameter at its inlet plane. The investigation yields spray-duct alignment tolerance limits and highlights the influence of misalignment direction on emissions due to the interactions with swirl and squish inside the combustion chamber. The results indicate that the tolerance limits for the alignment are within 4° and 0.5 mm relative to the geometrically aligned position. If the misalignment exceeds 4°of rotation or 0.5 mm in the horizontal direction, the beneficial effects on soot reduction using this method are no longer observed. The findings contribute to an understanding that can be used to optimize DFI for cleaner and more efficient combustion in compression-ignition engines.
Experimental study on the effects of gas additives on uncatalyzed partial oxidation of methane in a spark-ignition engine
Authors: Cho Mingyu , Oh Wonho , Park Nakyoung , Song Han Ho
Published: August 2024

This study investigated the effects of gas additives (H2, CO, N2, H2O, and CO2) on the uncatalyzed partial oxidation of methane in a spark-ignition engine. The combustion phases, exhaust compositions, and performance outcomes of each additive were compared. The dilution components (N2, H2O, and CO2) impeded methane combustion owing to their thermal effects, with CO2 exhibiting the most pronounced delay in combustion. The addition of CO2 and H2O led to increased CO and H2 yields, respectively, owing to shifts in the water gas shift reaction equilibrium. In contrast, fuel additives (H2 and CO) enhanced combustion by increasing the flame initiation and propagation speed, resulting in reduced unburned CH4 and increased work. Negligible soot emissions were detected for all the experimental cases, whereas NOx emissions increased significantly in the CO additive experiments, which was attributed to accelerated NOx formation reactions. This comprehensive analysis provides insights into the combustion and reforming characteristics of methane-based mixed gases, such as natural gas and biogas, during partial oxidation using internal combustion engines.
Failure analysis of a boiler stack in a refinery industry
Authors: Khalifa Waleed , El-Hadad Shimaa
Published: August 2024

Severe thinning and failure were observed in a boiler stack made of carbon steel plates. The steam boiler was water-tube type with natural circulation and forced draft. It operates with natural gas at a load of 45 TPH. The upper part of the boiler stack fell down after 12 years of service. Visual examination, chemical analysis and microstructure investigation were carried out. The constituents and nature of the corrosion products were identified via XRD and EDS analysis. Hardness measurements were also performed to assess the suitability of the material to withstand the working conditions. The root cause of the stack failure was determined as a three-fold effect where, the stack plates were primarily heat-damaged, in addition to the erosive and corrosive actions of the flue gasses. The recommended action to avoid similar future failures is to improve the resistance to erosion, by either increasing the stack diameter to decrease velocity or using a harder material to reduce damage. It was highly advised as well to maintain the stack metal surface above 138°C to minimise the dew-point corrosion.
Risk Factors for Early Recurrence After Radical Resection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Preoperative Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and Clinical Features
Authors: Cao Kunpeng , Wu Liuxi , Wang Xinyue , Deng Hongyan , Yuan Ya , Li Lu , Xu Chaoli , Ye Xinhua
Published: August 2024

Objectives

To investigate risk factors for the early recurrence (ER) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after radical resection based on preoperative contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and clinical features to provide guidance for clinical treatment.

Methods

The retrospective analysis selected 130 HCC patients who underwent radical tumor resection from October 2019 to November 2021. All patients underwent preoperative routine ultrasound examination and CEUS, and the pathology was confirmed as HCC after surgery. The patients were divided into two groups based on whether there is an ER, namely the ER group and the non-ER group. The general clinical, routine and CEUS data of patients were collected, and the factors were selected by using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. Multivariate logistic regression was used to screen the independent influencing factors of ER. Then a nomogram model was established to predict the risk of ER, and the application value of nomogram through internal validation was evaluated.

Results

Multivariate logistic regression identified several independent factors influencing ER after radical HCC resection. Significant factors included early wash-out phase (95%CI = 0.003-0.206, P = 0.001), liver cirrhosis (95%CI = 2.835-221.224, P = 0.004), incomplete envelope (95%CI = 5.247-1056.130,P = 0.001), multiple lesions (95%CI = 1.110-135.424,P = 0.041), Albumin <40 g/L (95%CI = 2.496-127.223,P = 0.004), and Golgi Protein 73 (GP73) ≥ 85 ng/mL (95%CI = 1.594-30.002, P = 0.010), with all P-values <0.05. The nomogram prediction model constructed based on the results of multivariate logistic regression, demonstrated a ROC curve AUC of 0.879, a sensitivity of 93.5%, a specificity of 66.7%, and a C-index of 0.602, indicating superior diagnostic efficiency compared to independent influencing factors. The ER nomogram prediction model confirmed good discrimination and calibration in internal validation.

Conclusion

The CEUS-Clinical combined model effectively monitors the risk of ER in high-risk populations following radical resection of HCC, timely interventions to improve patient prognosis.
In Brief
Authors: Muzzerall Parker , Liu Sophie X. , Uscola Colter J. , van Stee Elena G.
Published: August 2024

Drug markets, rural evictions, and millennium goals: A snapshot of new research.
The Class Politics of Fine Dining
Authors: Ray Victor
Published: August 2024

Victor Ray on serving up sociology.
What Shapes Our Dreams for the Future?
Authors: Cerulo Karen A.
Published: August 2024

Karen A. Cerulo on social identity and realizing imagined futures.
We Will Survive
Authors: Taylor Verta
Published: August 2024

Verta Taylor on persisting in the face of LGBTQ rights retrenchment.
Case Report: Treatment of Transplanted Renal Artery Anastomotic Pseudoaneurysm With Parallel Stent Grafting
Authors: Shah Anil , Matta Rishabh , Billiar Isabel , Muluk Satish
Published: August 2024

A 53 year old woman needed surgical management of an anastomotic pseudoaneurysm after renal transplant. Contrast enhanced computed tomography demonstrated a pseudoaneurysm arising off of the right external iliac artery. Considering the risk of potentially sacrificing her renal transplant, we elected to perform endovascular repair with parallel stent grafting. The operation was successful and postoperative course uneventful illustrating that this approach may be beneficial in similar circumstances.
Neurofeedback Training in Children with ADHD: A Systematic Review of Personalization and Methodological Features Facilitating Training Conditions
Authors: Himmelmeier Luisa , Werheid Katja
Published: August 2024

Objective. Current research on the effectiveness of neurofeedback (NFB) in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is divided. Personalized NFB (pNFB), using pre-recorded individual electroencephalogram (EEG) features, is hypothesized to provide more reliable results. Our paper reviews available evidence on pNFB effectiveness and its methodological quality. Additionally, it explores whether other methodological features implying personalization are related to successful NFB. Methods. We conducted a systematic literature review on PubMed, PSYNDEX, PsycInfo and PsycArticles until November, 30, 2023. Studies that focused on pNFB in children with ADHD were selected, deviant studies excluded. Quality ratings by independent raters using Loney's 1 criteria were conducted. Pooled effect sizes for NFB effects and methodological features were calculated. Results. Three of 109 studies included personalization and were reviewed in the full-text. In two studies, theta/beta-NFB was personalized using individual alpha peak frequencies (iAPF), whereas in one study, individual beta rhythms were trained. All three studies demonstrated significant short- and long-term improvements in ADHD symptoms, as assessed by questionnaires and objective performance tests, when compared to standard protocols (SP), sham-NFB, and control conditions. Twelve of 111 studies reported methodological features consistently related to NFB effectiveness. These features, including self-control instructions, feedback animations, timing of feedback presentation, behavioral performance, pre-recorded individual ERP-components and stimulant medication dosage, can be used to personalize NFB and enhance training success. Conclusion. Personalizing NFB with iAPF appears promising based on the existing –albeit small– body of research. Future NFB studies should include iAPF and other personalized features facilitating implementation consistently associated with treatment success.
The Impact of Neurofeedback Training on Cognitive Abilities Assessed by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised in Children with Attention Deficit: A Randomized Single-Blind Sham-Controlled Study
Authors: Ölçüoğlu Rukiye , Kozanoğlu İlknur , Mıdık Mehmet , Gül Ateş Eylem
Published: August 2024

Aim: This study aims to investigate the effects of a neurofeedback system on cognitive skills, as measured by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R), in a cohort of 100 children aged 8 to 12 who were diagnosed with attention deficit. Materials and Methods: A randomized single-blind sham control group design was employed, with 50 participants assigned to the experimental group receiving neurofeedback training and 50 participants assigned to the sham group receiving simulated training. Participants were selected through random sampling from individuals seeking assistance at a specialized education center over the course of one year (May 2021–2022). Pre- and post-test WISC-R assessments were administered to both groups to evaluate participants’ mental performance. The experimental group underwent a total of 60 sessions of quantitative electroencephalography-based infralow frequency neurofeedback training, with half-hour sessions conducted three days a week over a five-month period. The post-test WISC-R was administered at the end of the sixth month. Results: The results revealed significant differences between the pre- and post-training test scores, specifically in terms of verbal IQ, picture arrangement, performance IQ, and total IQ (p = 0.016, p = 0.001, p < 0.001, and p = 0.002, respectively), when comparing the differences between the two groups. Conclusion: These findings indicate a notable improvement in performance IQ, total IQ, and a reduction in attention deficits among the neurofeedback group based on the WISC-R assessments. Future studies should consider employing larger sample sizes, including appropriate control groups, and conducting long-term follow-ups to further elucidate the clinical significance of these results.
7T-high resolution MRI-derived radiomic analysis for the identification of symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic plaques
Authors: Sanchez Sebastian , Veeturi Sricharan , Patel Tatsat , Ojeda Diego J , Sagues Elena , Miller Jacob M , Tutino Vincent M , Samaniego Edgar A
Published: August 2024

Introduction

High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) allows for detailed visualization of intracranial atherosclerotic plaques. Radiomics can be used as a tool for objective quantification of the plaque's characteristics. We analyzed the radiomics features (RFs) obtained from 7 T HR-MRI of patients with intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) to determine distinct characteristics of culprit and non-culprit plaques.

Methods

Patients with stroke due to ICAD underwent HR-MRI. Culprit plaques in the vascular territory of the stroke were identified. Degree of stenosis, area degree of stenosis and plaque burden were calculated. A three-dimensional segmentation of the plaque was performed, and RFs were obtained. A machine learning model for prediction and identification of culprit plaques using significantly different RFs was evaluated.

Results

The study included 33 patients with ICAD as stroke etiology. Univariate analysis revealed 24 RFs in pre-contrast MRI, 21 in post-contrast MRI, 13 RFs that were different between pre and post contrast MRIs. Additionally, six shape-based RFs significantly differed from culprit and non-culprit plaques. The random forest model achieved an accuracy rate of 81% (88% sensitivity and 75% specificity) in identifying culprit plaques in the independent testing dataset. This model successfully identified the culprit plaques in all patients during the testing phase.

Discussion

Symptomatic plaques had a distinct signature RFs compared to other plaques within the same subject. A machine learning model built with RFs successfully identified the symptomatic atherosclerotic plaques in most cases. Radiomics is a promising tool for stratification of plaques in patients with ICAD.
Reflecting on and Managing the Emotional and Ethical Challenges of Letter Writing as a Method of Data Collection With Prisoners
Authors: Charlton Kayleigh
Published: August 2024

In the context of prisons research, letter writing serves as a unique way to access prison participants without gaining formal His Majesty’s Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS) approval and does not place any demands on the time and resources of prison staff in comparison to in-person data collection methods such as interviews. Despite this method becoming increasingly used, especially throughout the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, there is not a lot of research on the challenges and risks of letter writing to the researcher. This article examines the emotional and ethical challenges of letter writing as a method of data collection specifically with prisoners, focusing primarily on the challenges and risks the researcher must navigate. While the criminological literature is slowly catching up on the discussion of emotions in prisons research, there remains gaps in newer, or indeed, more innovative methods used in criminology. This article discusses the challenges involved in the time between letters, not knowing if letters have arrived, the distance between the researcher and the researched, ending correspondence and appropriate long-term support. As the article progresses, positionality becomes central to these discussions. As well as highlighting these challenges, the article offers strategies and discussions about managing these challenges for future researchers, such as keeping logs, debriefing with colleagues, and ensuring long-term support for participants is in place before the data collection period.
The jailed coiling technique: An endovascular solution for saccular aneurysms with suboptimal fixation sites
Authors: Silverberg Daniel , Bar-Dayan Avner , Raskin Daniel , Canani Sami , Halak Moshe
Published: August 2024

Objective

To evaluate the midterm results of patients with saccular aneurysms treated with the jailed coiling technique.

Methods

A retrospective review of 17 patients treated with the jailed coiling technique over a 7 year period, between 2018 and 2024 at our institution. Treatment entails placing an endograft across the neck of the saccular aneurysm followed by coiling of the aneurysm through an extraluminal catheter. Debranching procedures of the aortic arch were performed when necessary in order to create a sealing zone of >5 mm. Data collected included demographics, anatomical features of the lesions and sealing zones, indication for intervention, method of treatment and technical success, sac expansion, and reinterventions.

Results

17 patients (median age 69, 14 males) were treated for saccular aneurysms with short, suboptimal sealing zones (aortic arch 13, distal thoracic aorta 2, celiac trunk 1, brachiocephalic artery 1). Among the aortic arch aneurysms, six required preoperative debranching procedures of the aortic arch in order to create a short landing zone of 5 mm, making them eligible for the procedure. Technical success was obtained in all patients. One perioperative mortality occurred. Mean follow-up among those treated for arch aneurysms was 32 months (range 1–71 months). One patient who was treated for an aortic arch aneurysm had a persistent endoleak. No sac enlargement was observed. None of the patients required interventions and none experienced aneurysm related mortality.

Conclusion

The jailed coiling technique is a safe and effective method to treat saccular arterial aneurysms with suboptimal, short sealing zones. It can be utilized for saccular aneurysms located within the aortic arch and for aneurysms located in other locations where coiling or stent grafting is not an option. The procedure can be performed with minimal morbidity with a high percentage of success. Long term durability of the repair needs to be determined.
Staff burnout in intellectual disability services and resistance to change. Implications for leadership support
Authors: Ntinas Konstantinos M
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This article aims to analyse the relationship between staff burnout and resistance to change as well as the implications for leadership.

Design/methodology/approach

The Job Demands Resource Model, the Social Exchange Theory, and the Model of Socially Induced Burnout were used to analyse the relationship of burnout with resistance to change.

Findings

Leadership support is essential in reducing the influence of job demands on staff and on overcoming burnout so that resistance to change is prevented.

Originality/value

This lies on the development of a leadership approach based on the factors that influence burnouted staff against change.
Does the use of a tensioning device improve stability for suture fixation of glenoid bone constructs? A biomechanical analysis
Authors: Paul Kyle D , Yazdi Allen A , Sylvester David M , Williams Marshall D , Hargreaves Mathew D , Momaya Amit M , Brabston Eugene W , Ponce Brent A
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to quantify the difference in biomechanical stability of suture button (SB) and suture tape cerclage (STC) constructs with hand tensioning versus device tensioning of anterior glenoid augmentation bone grafts in an anterior glenoid bone loss model.

Methods

Artificial bone blocks with a density of 15 lb/ft3 (240.3 kg/m3) were used as models for glenoid fixation with bone graft. The biomechanical stability of SB and STC tensioned by hand was compared to those tensioned by a device. Average displacement (mm) following application of various forces (50, 100, 150, and 200 N) during a 7-phase, 100-cycle, stairstep cyclic loading protocol was recorded.

Results

Both SB and STC fixation displayed significantly lower construct displacement at all tested forces when tensioned with a device versus hand ( p < 0.001). Device-tensioned SB and STC were comparable in construct stability at forces below 100N. However, at forces above 100 N, device-tensioned SB exhibited significantly less displacement than device-tensioned STC.

Discussion

Using a tensioning device for SB or STC fixation of a coracoid graft model results in less displacement and improved stability compared to hand tensioning. Biomechanically, a tensioning device enhances the stability of suture fixation in glenoid bone graft constructs.
Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitors from Vietnamese Knema globularia: An in Vitro and in Silico Study
Authors: To Dao Cuong , Truong Phu Chi Hieu , Nguyen Phi-Hung , Hoang Le Minh , Nguyen Hoa Thi , Hoa Truong Thi Viet , Nhung Truong Thi Thuy , Nguyen Phuong Dai Nguyen , Nhan Ngu Truong , Tran Manh Hung
Published: August 2024

Objective: The Knema genus contains various naturally occurring secondary metabolites with pharmacological potential, including antitumor, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, and hepatoprotective activities. This study focuses on identifying nitric oxide production inhibitors from Vietnamese Knema globularia. Methods: The secondary metabolites were isolated using several chromatographic techniques. Their chemical structures were determined using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and compared with published literature. The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated using the Griess assay, and protein interactions were investigated through docking studies. Results: Based on their anti-inflammatory activity, six compounds (1-6) were isolated from Vietnamese K. globularia. These compounds were identified as lupeol (1), formononetin (2), isoliquiritigenin (3), 2-[4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]propane-1,3-diol (4), (+)-catechin (5), and (−)- epicatechin (6). For the first time, compounds 1, 3, and 4 were reported from Vietnamese K. globularia. All isolated compounds were tested against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in macrophage RAW264.7 cells to assess their anti-inflammatory potential. Compound 5 exhibited the highest inhibitory activity, with an IC50 value of 5.61 μM, followed by compounds 3 and 6, with IC50 values of 6.76 and 11.52 μM, respectively. However, compounds 1, 2, and 4 showed inactivity with IC50 values exceeding 30 μM. Molecular docking was then employed to investigate the affinity and interactions between compounds 3, 5, and 6 and proteins involved in inflammation, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and interleukin-8 (IL-8), along with ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) predictions. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the active constituents derived from Vietnamese K. globularia have the potential as anti-inflammatory agents worthy of further exploration and development.
Getting It Right First Time (GIRFT) – implementation of GIRFT and MedTech Funding Mandate policy around minimally invasive surgery for BPH in the UK
Authors: Kayes Oliver , Kirkpatrick Lucy , McGrath John
Published: August 2024

The MedTech Funding Mandate (MTFM) policy was introduced in 2021 by the National Health Service (NHS) England, to facilitate the adoption of innovative, cost-saving medical technologies approved by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) within the NHS. This policy aligns with the objectives of the Getting It Right First Time (GIRFT) initiative, which aims to improve clinical effectiveness by reducing unwarranted variations in healthcare practices. In April 2022, the MTFM policy included four technologies for the treatment of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). These technologies offer clinical effectiveness, resource efficiency, and affordability, as recommended by NICE. Despite the availability of NICE-approved minimally invasive surgical treatments (MISTs) for BOO, transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) remains the commonest surgical treatment for BOO, although there is debate as to whether this remains the gold-standard of care. The inclusion of the four BOO technologies in the MTFM policy aims to address the existing inequalities in patient access to NICE-approved treatments and support the adoption of these effective alternatives to monopolar TURP. Key stakeholders, including GIRFT, Urology Area Networks (UANs), and the 15 Academic Science Networks (AHSNs), play a crucial role in implementing the MTFM policy. The policy has significant implications for clinical practice, promoting pathway transformation, resource and cost savings, and a comprehensive range of treatment options for patients with BOO.
Assessment of the quality of online information on dietary recommendations for inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Liu Yan , He Le , Guo Hong , Xiang Lingya , Song Xiaomei , Tan Wei
Published: August 2024

Objective

The internet has become a preferred source for people seeking health information, including diet recommendations which are pivotal in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Hence, we aimed to assess the quality of online information in China regarding IBD dietary recommendations.

Methods

The search engines Baidu and Bing were used to screen for their top 25 webpages using the keywords “inflammatory bowel disease diet,” “ulcerative colitis diet,” “Crohn's disease diet,” “inflammatory bowel disease nutrition,” “ulcerative colitis nutrition,” and “Crohn's disease nutrition.” The quality of information was assessed by two physicians according to the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark, the Global Quality Score (GQS), and the DISCERN instrument.

Results

One hundred and eight webpages were selected for evaluation. The mean scores for JAMA, GQS, and DISCERN were 1.48, 3.11, and 36.20, respectively. Articles from professionals and non-profit organizations demonstrated superior quality compared to those from commercial and health portal websites. Many webpages failed to provide an explicit source of information or support for shared decision-making. The information on several pages lacked comprehensive descriptions of food types for IBD, with some pages even containing inaccuracies. No statistically significant differences in scores were observed between Baidu and Bing.

Conclusions

The quality of online information on IBD dietary recommendations in China is moderate to low and exhibits significant variation across different sources. This warrants joint efforts from online authors, internet platforms, and regulators, to improve the quality of popular medical information.
Digital marketing innovation: New business models for pharmaceutical and medical device product marketing
Authors: Hashimoto Satoru , Motozawa Yoshihiro , Mano Toshiki
Published: August 2024

Background

Within the rapidly evolving healthcare landscape in Japan, digital marketing innovations are transforming pharmaceutical and medical device marketing. This study explores the emergence of new business models in the digital marketing, highlighting a transition from traditional methods to more dynamic, data-driven strategies.

Methods

InsighTCROSS® is a business model that qualitatively and quantitatively examines three steps based on stratified persona images: (1) verifying the effectiveness of product marketing promotions, (2) identifying competitors from the users’ perspective, and (3) developing marketing strategies to counter competition. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this model, a case study was conducted focusing on the current anticoagulant drugs, including apixaban, dabigatran, edoxaban, rivaroxaban, and warfarin.

Results

Rivaroxaban, the only drug prescribed for the prevention of thrombus and embolism formation in patients with peripheral artery disease after lower limb revascularization, garnered the most interest from interventional cardiologists performing peripheral vascular interventions, as determined by InsighTCROSS® factor analysis, confirming that the manufacturer's marketing activities have effectively penetrated the market. A survey conducted between 20 September 2023 and 3 October 2023, among members of a cardiology website, identified edoxaban as the market leader with a 39.1% share, followed by apixaban (32.7%) and rivaroxaban (16.8%). The main competitor of edoxaban was warfarin, whereas that of rivaroxaban was apixaban. Decision tree analysis was conducted using InsighTCROSS®, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of each anticoagulant, providing strategic approaches to exploit competitive weaknesses. For edoxaban, increased use was driven by elderly and poorly adherent patients; for apixaban, high-volume percutaneous coronary intervention centers; and for rivaroxaban, the influence of medical representative detailing. It is recommended to avoid markets where these drugs have a strong presence and to focus marketing activities on leveraging their specific strengths.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that digital marketing enhances product visibility and patient engagement, providing valuable insights into market behavior and consumer preferences.
The membranes: A decade of game studies and China in retrospect
Authors: Zhang Ge
Published: August 2024

In the past decade, both English-language game studies about China and Chinese-language game studies in mainland China itself have grown both in size and intellectual cohesion. This essay is not so much a retrospect on the intellectual development of Chinese-language game studies in China nor English-language game studies on China, but the ‘intellectual membrane’ between them. As a result of continuous conversations with games scholars inside and outside of China in the past decade, this reflection is not necessarily directed at game studies but takes games scholarship as a prism into the various processes of knowledge production on China and in China – therefore the phenomenon discussed here is valuable to the intersecting fields of China studies and internet studies.
Emotions, Motivation, and Metacognition of University Students in a SPOC Context
Authors: Trigueros Rubén , Aguilar-Parra José Manuel , Manzano-León Ana , Navarro Noelia , Mercader-Rubio Isabel
Published: August 2024

New technologies are changing the way we see and understand university education, with the advent of new, more flexible organization methods capable of reaching people via class formats like Small Private Online Courses (SPOCs). However, studies which have analyzed these types of courses have focused on their implementation and not on the cognitive and emotional processes of students. Therefore, the present study aims to examine the teacher’s influence on emotions, dispositional flow, motivation, and metacognitive strategies among university students. There were 1,347 participants in this study (678 men and 669 women), ranging from 18 to 26 years of age ( M = 21.43; SD = 2.64). The results were evaluated using a descriptive statistics analysis, a reliability analysis, and a structural equations model which explains the causal relationships between the study variables. In this sense, autonomy support exerted a positive influence on positive emotions and a negative influence on negative emotions. In contrast, psychological control by the teacher positively influenced negative emotions and negatively influenced positive emotions. Moreover, positive emotions exerted a positive influence on dispositional flow, whereas negative emotions exerted a negative influence on dispositional flow. In addition, dispositional flow exerted a positive influence on autonomous motivation, metacognitive strategies, and academic performance. Finally, autonomous motivation exerted a positive influence on academic performance and metacognitive strategies. These results reveal the influence of emotions, motivation, and perception of SPOCs on the adoption of adaptive habits and academic performance among university students.
The Early Socio-ecological Dimensions of Tricontinental (1967–1971): A Sovereign Social Metabolism for the Third World
Authors: Molinero Alberto García , Pedregal Alejandro
Published: August 2024

This article delves into the socio-ecological dimensions of OSPAAAL, the Cuban Third World solidarity institution, focusing particularly on the early years of its official organ: the magazine Tricontinental (1967–1971). Tricontinental’s articles and graphic works, even if not always in an explicit manner, addressed environmental concerns in a revolutionary way, anticipating debates that would later unfold on international institutional platforms. These concerns were primarily discussed in the context of the Third World’s quest for autonomous production, closely intertwined with the agrarian question and sovereign industrialization. Key aspects such as land access, distribution, and resource management were pivotal. The publication’s central emphasis on struggles for national liberation, especially within the guerrilla arena, played a crucial role in disseminating the anti-imperialist pursuit of a sovereign social metabolism across the Third World. Combining Cuban, Latin Americanist, and internationalist accents, Tricontinental also condemned the ecological impact of transnational corporations’ predatory resource extraction in the Third World, while exploring alternative and cooperative models. This article unveils the latent socio-environmental dimensions of its critique, illustrating how ecological concerns subtly underpinned its anti-imperialist and internationalist discourse.
The Use of Recreational Cannabis Among Breast Reduction Patients: Characteristics, Complications, and Immediate Postoperative Analgesic Needs
Authors: Shamamian Peter E. , Kwon Daniel Y. , Oleru Olachi , Seyidova Nargiz , Kim Esther , Genet Simeret , Gyasi Abena , Wang Carol Y. , Henderson Peter W.
Published: August 2024

Introduction: The characteristics, complications, and postoperative analgesic needs of patients with a recent or active history of recreational cannabis use have not been explored explicitly in plastic surgery. In this study, the characteristics, complications, and postoperative analgesic needs within a population of breast reduction patients who use and do not use recreational cannabis were compared. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out on patients who underwent breast reduction between 2019 and 2023. Demographics, comorbidities, recreational cannabis use, postoperative opioid use, and postoperative complications were collected. Patients with a recent history (<1 month since last cannabis use) or current cannabis use were then compared to patients with no history of cannabis use. Results: In total, 340 patients were included, 88 (26%) patients had a history of cannabis use and 252 (74%) did not. Patients in the cannabis-using group were significantly younger than in the non-cannabis-using group (28 years vs 40 years, P < .01), and significantly more patients in the non-cannabis group had hypertension (20% vs 6% P < .01). More patients in the cannabis-using group had hematomas (5% vs 1%, P = .041) and fewer had t-point breakdown (4% vs 0%, P = .046), but these figures lost statistical significance on multiple logistic regression analysis after controlling for possible confounding factors including demographics and comorbidities ( P > .05). There were no significant differences in proportions of opioid use or by doses of opioids, even when converted to oral morphine equivalents ( P > .05). Conclusion: The analgesic needs, postoperative pain levels, and complications between cannabis-using and non-cannabis-using cohorts were similar. Counseling on substance use preoperatively should still be encouraged, especially in younger patients seeking reduction mammaplasty.
Magnitude and Severity of Anxiety and Risk Factors among Hypertensive Patients Attending Public Hospitals in Arba Minch Town, Ethiopia
Authors: Akililu Andinet , Ezo Elias , Gezimu Wubishet , Nigusu Elias , Mezgebu Taye , Zekiwos Asnakech , Birhanu Bethelhem , Ossabo Getachew , Admasu Sentayehu
Published: August 2024

Background

Comorbid anxiety in hypertensive patients yields poor remedy adherence which may additionally restrict treatment choices.

Objective

To assess the magnitude and severity of anxiety and risk factors among hypertensive patients attending public hospitals in Arba Minch town, Ethiopia, 2022.

Methods

A hospital-based cross-sectional study design was performed from June 1 to July 30/2022. The overall sample size was 336 and a systematic random sampling technique was used to pick out sufferers. Used Epi data version 3.1 for data entry and SPSS version 25 for analysis. Logistic regression analysis was done and variables with p-values less than .25 were taken into multivariable. Statistical significance was declared at a p-value of less than .05 with a 95% confidence interval in the adjusted odds ratio.

Result

The magnitude of anxiety among hypertensive patients was 32.1% with 95% CI (26.2%–37.1%). Sex [AOR: 2.25, 95%CI: 1.22–4.13], status of blood pressure [AOR: 0.30, 95%CI: 0.15–0.63], family history of hypertension [AOR: 2.48, 95%CI: 1.20–5.12], family history of mental illness [AOR: 0.19, 95%CI: 0.09–0.39], history of admission [AOR: 5.14, 95%CI: 2.73–9.68], social support status [AOR: 2.96, 95%CI: 1.09–7.97], and current alcohol use [AOR: 0.39, 95%CI: 0.18–0.86] had been notably related.

Conclusion

About three in 10 hypertensive patients attending public hospitals in Arba Minch town public hospitals were anxious. Approximately two in 10 hypertensive sufferers had moderate to severe anxiety. Sex, status of blood pressure, family history of hypertension, family history of mental illness, history of admission, social support status, and current alcohol use have been substantially associated with anxiety among hypertensive patients. Therefore, enhancing gender identity, controlling blood pressure, screening and treating a family history of high blood pressure and family history of mental illness, coping with previous admission, improving social help, and cessation of alcohol use might lessen the burden of anxiety among hypertensive sufferers.
How do children with language disorder perceive their peer interactions? A qualitative investigation
Authors: Cullen Hannah , Billingham Sarah , St Clair Michelle C.
Published: August 2024

Background and aims

Peer interaction difficulties are often elevated amongst children with language disorders, yet the mechanisms underlying these difficulties are unclear. Previous research indicates that poor conflict management, social withdrawal, emotion regulation difficulties, and reduced prosocial behavior may contribute to peer interaction difficulties. However, this research often uses adult perspectives, failing to acknowledge child perceptions of these experiences. The present study aimed to qualitatively investigate perceptions of peer interactions from the perspective of children with language disorders.

Methods

Seven participants aged between 7- and 10-years-old took part. All participants were diagnosed with a language disorder and had language as their primary area of difficulty. Participants were recruited from a specialist language school and via an online database. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, with participants given the choice to answer questions verbally or creatively, using toys or drawing materials. Interview transcripts were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Results

Participants valued play, conversation, and helping others. They felt that spending time with peers could alleviate loneliness. However, sometimes solitude was needed as social interaction could be overwhelming. Participants found conflict challenging and exhibited difficulties with regulating emotions. Participants relied on running away, retaliation, or asking an adult for help, to resolve conflict.

Conclusions and implications

The findings suggest that children with language disorders are socially motivated and have relative strengths in displaying prosocial behavior. However, children with language disorders require support to promote positive relationships. This support includes help with making deeper connections with peers, opportunities to spend time alone when needed, and providing adept conflict resolution and emotion regulation strategies.
Word learning by children with developmental language disorder: Identifying gaps in our understanding of spaced retrieval effects
Authors: Leonard Laurence B. , Deevy Patricia , Kueser Justin B.
Published: August 2024

Background and aims

Current evidence shows that children with developmental language disorder (DLD) benefit from spaced retrieval during word learning activities. Word recall is quite good relative to recall with alternative word learning procedures. However, recall on an absolute basis can be improved further; many studies report that fewer than two-thirds of the words are learned, even with the assistance of spaced retrieval during the learning activities. In this article we identify details of spaced retrieval that are less well understood in an effort to promote more effective learning through retrieval practice.

Main contribution

We discuss the importance of factors such as: (a) integrating immediate retrieval with spaced retrieval trials; (b) determining whether gradual increases in spacing have more than short-term benefits relative to equal spacing; (c) discovering the number of successful retrievals sufficient to ensure later recall; (d) using spaced retrieval to avoid erosion of phonetic details on later recall tests; and (e) whether the well-documented difficulties with learning word forms might be tied to a particular subgroup of children with DLD. We also speculate on some of the possible reasons why spaced retrieval is beneficial in the first place.

Conclusions

Although many children with DLD make gains in word learning through procedures that incorporate spaced retrieval, there are numerous details involved in the process that can alter its success. Until we have a better understanding of the boundaries of spaced retrieval's effectiveness, we will not be taking full advantage of this promising addition to word learning procedures.

Implications

Spaced retrieval activities can be an important addition to the resources that clinicians and educators have available to assist children in their word learning. With a deeper understanding of the issues discussed here, we should be able to put spaced retrieval to even greater use.
From urban modelling to city digital twins – Reflections from the applied urban modelling (AUM) symposia
Authors: Wan Li , Jin Ying , Echenique Marcial , Batty Michael , Wegener Michael
Published: August 2024

City digital twins (CDTs), as digital replica of urban systems and development processes, have been heralded as the next-generation technology for urban planning and management. Arguably, the concept of CDTs is not new. Prior to CDTs, applied urban modelling has been playing a pivot role in supporting city and infrastructure planning since the 1960s. Examining CDTs in relation to conventional urban models can thus offer valuable insights into their nature, potential, and challenges. Such a comparative, reflective exercise, however, remains rare. This commentary aims to share insights and reflections from a dedicated applied urban modelling (AUM) community. It is argued that to substantiate the power of CDTs, a theory-driven modelling strategy is essential for both practical policy analysis and knowledge discovery. Modellers must think beyond the technical perspective and exploring novel use of CDTs beyond optimisation. A blind pursuit for data without building on and expanding existing domain knowledge remains an existential risk for CDTs.
‘Trapped With My Children’ fathers’ caregiving experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Voellmy Lars , Grey Ben , Fowler Nancy , Walter Bine
Published: August 2024

The study explores fathers’ caregiving experiences and roles during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as felt impacts of restrictions on the father-child relationship, using the Dynamic-Maturational Model of Attachment and Adaptation (DMM). Six fathers were interviewed using the Meaning of the Child (MotC), and an attachment theory informed Thematic Analysis (TA) established three main themes: ‘Threatening proximity’, ‘Absent fathering’, and ‘Confused need and anger’. During lockdown restrictions, many participants perceived the higher-than-usual proximity and intensity of family relationships as threatening to themselves and their children. For most of the fathers interviewed, this encouraged a passive fathering stance, centred around the idealisation of independence and emotional and relational absence. Most fathers also felt their own needs conflicted with their childrens’, leading to increased anger in the relationship, which tended to be feared and distanced from, or experienced as residing only in the child. Several fathers shared unresolved childhood experiences around their own fathers’ confusing anger which still informed their mental processing. The overall sense of feeling ‘trapped with [their] children’, and the resulting experience of retreating from the inter-personal space and active fathering role, made it more of a struggle for these fathers to focus on providing protection and comfort to their children (and partners) in the context of a life-threatening, global pandemic. Whilst this study focussed on a general population, implications for clinical contexts are discussed.