bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANÁLISE DAS PROPRIEDADES FÍSICO-QUÍMICAS DOS AMINOÁCIDOS POR MEIO DAS DISTÂNCIAS DE HAMMING ASSOCIADAS AO ROTULAMENTO B DO CÓDIGO GENÉTICO
Authors: Fernandes Roberta Siqueira , De Oliveira Anderson José
Published: October 2021

O uso da modelagem matemática envolvendo o código genético representa um problema intrigante e atraente para diversos pesquisadores. Por meio do mapeamento das bases nitrogenadas adenina, citosina, guanina, timina/uracila, fA;C; G; T=Ug com o anel Z4 = f0; 1; 2; 3g, é possível obter 24 permutações, as quais podem ser divididas em 3 rotulamentos (A, B e C), de acordo com as características geométricas dos mesmos. O objetivo do presente trabalho é apresentar uma análise das diferenças e semelhanças físico-químicas dos aminoácidos, através da caracterização biológica acerca da construção do diagrama de Hasse e dos cálculos das médias das distâncias de Hamming entre os códons, relacionados a uma permutação do rotulamento B. Desta forma, com base nas construções realizadas neste estudo, percebe-se uma interessante caracterização algébrica associada ao mapeamento do código genético, para a permutação 1032 do rotulamento B, com base nas características dos aminoácidos. Pode-se observar também, que a partir dos valores das médias obtidos, o diagrama de Hasse reflete de forma significativa as características fisico-químicas dos aminoácidos baseados nos cálculos das distâncias de Hamming, de forma a poder utilizar esses resultados em estudos de fenômenos mutacionais.
A study on the construction and application of the evaluation index system for the water conservancy photography creation base
Authors: Cui Bifeng , Ma Jianqin , Hao Xiuping , Liu Lei , Si Yibing , Xiao Mengjun
Published: October 2021

In order to improve the evaluation system for the water conservancy photography creation base, evaluation indicators regarding the aspects of photographic resources, photographic elements, and water resources were selected to construct an evaluation index system, and the evaluation criteria for each index were provided. The optimal comprehensive weight for each evaluation index was determined following the moment estimation theory. The quantitative evaluation of the water conservancy photography creation base was carried out combined with the scoring standards for each index. The evaluation index system constructed here was then discussed in the application. This indicated that the evaluation index system is suitable for determining the construction status of the evaluated cases, thus verifying its rationality. The comprehensive weighting of the indicators based on the moment estimation theory made the evaluation method more scientific and the corresponding results more reliable. This enabled the entire evaluation system and method to provide the theoretical support for the scientific evaluation of the water conservancy photography creation base.
Dependency of the photocatalytic and photochemical decomposition of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on their chain lengths, functional groups, and structural properties
Authors: Chowdhury Nusrat , Prabakar Srinivas , Choi Hyeok
Published: October 2021

This study reports the removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water using various photocatalytic and photochemical processes. PFAS were chosen, based on chain lengths, functional groups, and structural properties: four perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs), including perﬂuorooctanoic acid (PFOA), three perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs), including perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer (GenX), and 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (6:2 FTS), and dependency of the photocatalytic decomposition of PFAS on their properties was investigated. Oxidants and reductants were introduced to study the photochemical decomposition of PFAS, and reactive species and reaction byproducts were identified to elucidate the decomposition mechanism of PFAS. Some notable findings include: long chain PFCAs (95% in 48 h) and 6:2 FTS (100%) were removed via chemical decomposition in TiO2/UVC while GenX (37%), long chain PFSAs (60%), short chain PFSAs (0–10%) and short chain PFCAs (5–18%) were removed via physical adsorption. Sulfate radicals generated with persulfate (PS) played an important role in decomposing PFCAs (60–90%). Sulfite activated by UVC worked for defluorination of PFOA (75%) and PFOS (80%). PFOA was removed faster by UVC/sulfite > UVC/TiO2/sulfite ≈ UVC/TiO2/PS ≥ UVC/PS > UVC/TiO2 while PFOS was removed faster by UVC/sulfite ≫ UVC/TiO2/sulfite ≈ UVC/TiO2/PS ≈ UVC/TiO2 ≫ UVC/PS. Susceptibility of PFAS to the chemical reactions could be explained by their properties and the reactive species produced in each system.
Analyzing Competitiveness of Small Business and Entrepreneurship of Textile Industry in the Namangan Region by Swot-Analysis
Authors: Aliyeva E. A. , Kazakov O. S.
Published: October 2021

Textile industry is one of the leading and dynamically developing industries in Uzbekistan. It plays a significant role in resolving state problems, meets essential interests of many regions, fosters their harmonic development, provides the population employment and improves people well-being and renders help in establishment and development of small and private business. The most important trend in using internal reserves and possibilities of the country is gradual increase in deep treatment of home raw material and raising volumes and nomenclature of products with high added value. For the last 29 years the industry has become a leader in raising foreign investment and in the field of export of products with high added value. In spite of the fact that textile manufacturing is traditional for Uzbekistan, it still possesses a serious potential for further growth. The country's large raw material base, labour intensity of light industry sectors, the availability of a rather mass market in adjoining states make the development of textile and clothing industry a potential driver of economic growth in Uzbekistan. The use of this potential and shaping a stable textile and clothing sector in the country is a priority line in the development of national economy. Small enterprises play a serious role in textile industry development. The authors carried out SWOT-analysis, which is a key tool of finding competitiveness, of small enterprises in the country. By this method they identified strong and weak sides, opportunities and threats of their functioning, which can help to elaborate innovative strategy of development.
From the Idea of Start-Up to Setting-Up Unicorn-Company
Authors: Kulakova E. Yu. , Magomedova G. M. , Ivanov A. A.
Published: October 2021

The article investigates history of establishment and development of start-up unicorn-companies with capitalization over $ 1bn. The authors analyzed key types of unicorn-companies (unicorns, decacorns quinquagintacorns, gectacorns), identified their principle characteristics, showed criteria and factors of their success. The role of venture funds was studied, as they are major investors into promising business-projects. The article described trends of the 1-st half of 2020, the time of state restrictions and pandemic, such as distant work, IT entertainments, could services, on-line delivery, marketplaces, drop in business activity, which require clients' presence. It also showed the process of business-projects' passing from start-ups to companies with high capitalization. The authors pointed out that to create a successful company with capitalization of $ 1bn you do not need any special conditions, but there is certain logic concerning how the start-up can become unicorn-company. Basic points of this logic were provided. The authors substantiated the necessity of venture fund promotion among entrepreneurs and investors in order to speed up the start of start-ups and development of business-projects to the level of big companies.
Adhesiolysis and Decortication for Reccurent Hydropneumothorax Associated with Pleural Tuberculosis
Authors: Musthafa Muhamad Yusuf , Sugiri Yani Jane , Bayuadi Imam Suseno
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Pleural tuberculosis is a pleural infection of tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which commonly manifests as hydropneumothorax. Initial treatment with anti-tuberculosis drugs is aimed to prevent progression of the disease and relieve patientâ€™s symptoms. Indication of adhesiolysis and decortication is to remove layer of fibrous tissue and allow the lung to reexpand.Case: A 60 year old woman with shortness of breath, cough, and right-sided chest pain. She had a history of treatment with first-line anti-tubercular drugs for a year stop in September 2016. She was identified with recurrent right-sided hydropneumothorax by chest imaging and thorax CT-scan. Adhesiolysis and decortication were performed on her. Two months later she was diagnosed again with recurrent right-sided hydropneumothorax. VATS (Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery) revealed fistula involving inferior lobe of the lung. Then, she was treated with second-line anti tuberculosis drugs. After four times reccurent hydropneumothorax, patient showed significant improvement in clinical condition, radiology finding, and lung function test after she finished the tuberculosis treatment.Discussion: Definitive diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis is by the finding of mycobacterium tuberculosis in pleural biopsy, or Mtb culture, and it was difficult to perform. In this case pleural fluid analysis revealed that cause of recurrent right-sided hydropneumothorax was tuberculosis infection.Summary: A 60 year old woman with four times reccurent right-sided hydropneumothorax, and the pleural fluid analysis suggested it was tuberculosis infection. Providing anti-tuberculosis medication based on clinically diagnosed tuberculosis based on flowchart of tuberculosis diagnosis from national tuberculosis programmed are essential to prevent progression of the disease.
Patient with Infiltrating Ductal Cell Carcinoma Mammae with Lung Tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
Authors: Indah Sari Fitri , Sugiri Yani Jane , Nurhidayati Dwi Yuni
Published: October 2021

Introduction:. Infection caused by NTM has a prevalence which varies between 4.1 and 14.1 per 100,000 patients per year. Female has a higher prevalence of NTM disease than male, which is increasing with age, and more common in Western and Southeast Asian countries.Case Description: A 42-year-old female patient has the clinical symptoms of hemoptysis, asphyxia, angina, fever, nocturnal hyperhidrosis, loss of weight and appetite for nearly 10 years. Based on the physical examination, radiology, microbiology and anatomic pathology, this patient has been diagnosed with Ca mammae with Pulmonary TB, and currently is infected by recurrent NTM.Discussion: Symptoms of nonspecific NTM often complicate the diagnosis of TNM. General symptoms such as chronic cough, increased sputum production, dyspnea, fever that is not too high, weakness, weight loss so that it overlaps with other pulmonary symptoms. In NTM, radiologicalmanifestations generally show bronchiectasis, nodular lesions, cavitary lesions and parenchymal consolidation. The choice of therapy in disease caused by NTM depends on three factors: the type of clinical presentation, the species of NTM causing the disease and the immune status of the patient.
Development of the Shift Smartphone App to Support the Emotional Well-Being of Junior Physicians: Design of a Prototype and Results of Usability and Acceptability Testing
Authors: Counson Isabelle , Bartholomew Alexandra , Crawford Joanna , Petrie Katherine , Basarkod Geetanjali , Moynihan Victoria , Pires Josie , Cohen Rachel , Glozier Nicholas , Harvey Samuel , Sanatkar Samineh
Published: October 2021

Background

Junior physicians report higher levels of psychological distress than senior doctors and report several barriers to seeking professional mental health support, including concerns about confidentiality and career progression. Mobile health (mHealth) apps may be utilized to help overcome these barriers to assist the emotional well-being of this population and encourage help-seeking.

Objective

This study describes the development and pilot trial of the Shift mHealth app to provide an unobtrusive avenue for junior physicians to seek information about, and help for, well-being and mental health concerns, which is sensitive to workplace settings.

Methods

A 4-phase iterative development process was undertaken to create the content and features of Shift involving junior physicians using the principles of user-centered design. These 4 phases were—needs assessment, on the basis of interviews with 12 junior physicians; prototype development with user experience feedback from 2 junior physicians; evaluation, consisting of a pilot trial with 22 junior physicians to assess the usability and acceptability of the initial prototype; and redesign, including user experience workshops with 51 junior physicians.

Results

Qualitative results informed the content and design of Shift to ensure that the app was tailored to junior physicians’ needs. The Shift app prototype contained cognitive behavioral, mindfulness, value-based actions, and psychoeducational modules, as well as a tracking function that visualized patterns of daily variations in mood and health behaviors. Pilot-testing revealed possible issues with the organization of the app content, which were addressed through a thorough restructuring and redesign of Shift with the help of junior physicians across 3 user experience workshops.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the importance of ongoing end user involvement in the creation of a specialized mHealth app for a unique working population experiencing profession-specific stressors and barriers to help-seeking. The development and pilot trial of this novel Shift mHealth app are the first steps in addressing the mental health and support-seeking needs of junior physicians, although further research is required to validate its effectiveness and appropriateness on a larger scale.
Designing a Framework for Remote Cancer Care Through Community Co-design: Participatory Development Study
Authors: Aronoff-Spencer Eliah , McComsey Melanie , Chih Ming-Yuan , Hubenko Alexandra , Baker Corey , Kim John , Ahern David K , Gibbons Michael Christopher , Cafazzo Joseph A , Nyakairu Pia , Vanderpool Robin C , Mullett Timothy W , Hesse Bradford W
Published: October 2021

Background

Recent shifts to telemedicine and remote patient monitoring demonstrate the potential for new technology to transform health systems; yet, methods to design for inclusion and resilience are lacking.

Objective

The aim of this study is to design and implement a participatory framework to produce effective health care solutions through co-design with diverse stakeholders.

Methods

We developed a design framework to cocreate solutions to locally prioritized health and communication problems focused on cancer care. The framework is premised on the framing and discovery of problems through community engagement and lead-user innovation with the hypothesis that diversity and inclusion in the co-design process generate more innovative and resilient solutions. Discovery, design, and development were implemented through structured phases with design studios at various locations in urban and rural Kentucky, including Appalachia, each building from prior work. In the final design studio, working prototypes were developed and tested. Outputs were assessed using the System Usability Scale as well as semistructured user feedback.

Results

We co-designed, developed, and tested a mobile app (myPath) and service model for distress surveillance and cancer care coordination following the LAUNCH (Linking and Amplifying User-Centered Networks through Connected Health) framework. The problem of awareness, navigation, and communication through cancer care was selected by the community after framing areas for opportunity based on significant geographic disparities in cancer and health burden resource and broadband access. The codeveloped digital myPath app showed the highest perceived combined usability (mean 81.9, SD 15.2) compared with the current gold standard of distress management for patients with cancer, the paper-based National Comprehensive Cancer Network Distress Thermometer (mean 74.2, SD 15.8). Testing of the System Usability Scale subscales showed that the myPath app had significantly better usability than the paper Distress Thermometer (t63=2.611; P=.01), whereas learnability did not differ between the instruments (t63=–0.311; P=.76). Notable differences by patient and provider scoring and feedback were found.

Conclusions

Participatory problem definition and community-based co-design, design-with methods, may produce more acceptable and effective solutions than traditional design-for approaches.
Six-Month Outcomes from the NEXit Junior Trial of a Text Messaging Smoking Cessation Intervention for High School Students: Randomized Controlled Trial With Bayesian Analysis
Authors: Bendtsen Marcus , Bendtsen Preben , Müssener Ulrika
Published: October 2021

Background

The prevalence of daily or occasional smoking among high school students in Sweden was approximately 20% in 2019, which is problematic since lifestyle behaviors are established in adolescence and track into adulthood. The Nicotine Exit (NEXit) Junior trial was conducted in response to a lack of evidence for the effects of text message smoking cessation interventions among high school students in Sweden.

Objective

The aim of this study was to estimate the 3- and 6-month effects of a text messaging intervention among high school students in Sweden on smoking cessation outcomes.

Methods

A 2-arm, single-blind randomized controlled trial was employed to estimate the effects of the intervention on smoking cessation in comparison to treatment as usual. Participants were recruited from high schools in Sweden using advertising and promotion by school staff from January 10, 2018, to January 10, 2019. Weekly or daily smokers who were willing to make a quit attempt were eligible for inclusion. Prolonged abstinence and point prevalence of smoking cessation were measured at 3 and 6 months after randomization.

Results

Complete case analysis was possible on 57.9% (310/535) of the participants at 6 months, with no observed statistically significant effect on 5-month prolonged abstinence (odds ratio [OR] 1.27, 95% CI 0.73-2.20; P=.39) or 4-week smoking cessation (OR 1.42; 95% CI 0.83-2.46; P=.20). Sensitivity analyses using imputation yielded similar findings. Unplanned Bayesian analyses showed that the effects of the intervention were in the anticipated direction. The findings were limited by the risk of bias induced by high attrition (42.1%). The trial recruited high school students in a pragmatic setting and included both weekly and daily smokers; thus, generalization to the target population is more direct compared with findings obtained under more strict study procedures.

Conclusions

Higher than expected attrition rates to follow-up 6 months after randomization led to null hypothesis tests being underpowered; however, unplanned Bayesian analyses found that the effects of the intervention were in the anticipated direction. Future trials of smoking cessation interventions targeting high school students should aim to prepare strategies for increasing retention to mid- and long-term follow-up.

Trial Registration

IRCTN Registry ISRCTN15396225; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN15396225

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR2-10.1186/s13063-018-3028-2
Topics and Sentiments of Public Concerns Regarding COVID-19 Vaccines: Social Media Trend Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Monselise Michal , Chang Chia-Hsuan , Ferreira Gustavo , Yang Rita , Yang Christopher C
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

As a number of vaccines for COVID-19 are given emergency use authorization by local health agencies and are being administered in multiple countries, it is crucial to gain public trust in these vaccines to ensure herd immunity through vaccination. One way to gauge public sentiment regarding vaccines for the goal of increasing vaccination rates is by analyzing social media such as Twitter.

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this research was to understand public sentiment toward COVID-19 vaccines by analyzing discussions about the vaccines on social media for a period of 60 days when the vaccines were started in the United States. Using the combination of topic detection and sentiment analysis, we identified different types of concerns regarding vaccines that were expressed by different groups of the public on social media.

METHODS

To better understand public sentiment, we collected tweets for exactly 60 days starting from December 16, 2020 that contained hashtags or keywords related to COVID-19 vaccines. We detected and analyzed different topics of discussion of these tweets as well as their emotional content. Vaccine topics were identified by nonnegative matrix factorization, and emotional content was identified using the Valence Aware Dictionary and sEntiment Reasoner sentiment analysis library as well as by using sentence bidirectional encoder representations from transformer embeddings and comparing the embedding to different emotions using cosine similarity.

RESULTS

After removing all duplicates and retweets, 7,948,886 tweets were collected during the 60-day time period. Topic modeling resulted in 50 topics; of those, we selected 12 topics with the highest volume of tweets for analysis. Administration and access to vaccines were some of the major concerns of the public. Additionally, we classified the tweets in each topic into 1 of the 5 emotions and found fear to be the leading emotion in the tweets, followed by joy.

CONCLUSIONS

This research focused not only on negative emotions that may have led to vaccine hesitancy but also on positive emotions toward the vaccine. By identifying both positive and negative emotions, we were able to identify the public's response to the vaccines overall and to news events related to the vaccines. These results are useful for developing plans for disseminating authoritative health information and for better communication to build understanding and trust.
The Experiences of Patients With Adjuvant and Metastatic Melanoma Using Disease-Specific Social Media Communities in the Advent of Novel Therapies (Excite Project): Social Media Listening Study (Preprint)
Authors: Faust Guy , Booth Alison , Merinopoulou Evie , Halhol Sonia , Tosar Heena , Nawaz Amir , Szlachetka Magdalena , Chiu Gavin
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

Immunotherapy and targeted therapy treatments are novel treatments available for patients with metastatic and adjuvant melanoma. As recently approved treatments, information surrounding the patients’ and caregivers’ experience with these therapies, perceptions of treatments, and the effect the treatments have on their day-to-day life are lacking. Such insights would be valuable for any future decision-making with regard to treatment options.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to use health-related social media data to understand the experience of patients with adjuvant and metastatic melanoma who are receiving either immunotherapy or targeted therapies. This study also included caregivers’ perspectives.

METHODS

Publicly available social media forum posts by patients with self-reported adjuvant or metastatic melanoma (and their caregivers) between January 2014 to October 2019 were programmatically extracted, deidentified, cleaned, and analyzed using a combination of natural language processing and qualitative data analyses. This study identified spontaneously reported symptoms and their impacts, symptom duration, and the impact of treatment for both treatment groups.

RESULTS

Overall, 1037 users (9023 posts) and 114 users (442 posts) were included in the metastatic group and adjuvant group, respectively. The most identified symptoms in both groups were fatigue, pain, or exanthema (identified in 5%-43% of patients dependent on the treatment group). Symptom impacts reported by both groups were physical impacts, impacts on family, and impacts on work. Positive treatment impacts were reported in both groups and covered the areas of work, social and family life, and general health and quality of life.

CONCLUSIONS

This study explored health-related social media to better understand the experience and perspectives of patients with melanoma receiving immunotherapy or targeted therapy treatments as well as the experience of their caregivers. This exploratory work uncovered the most discussed concerns among patients and caregivers on the forums including symptoms and their impacts, thus contributing to a deeper understanding of the patient/caregiver experience.
Vaccine Adverse Event Mining of Twitter Conversations: 2-Phase Classification Study (Preprint)
Authors: Khademi Habibabadi Sedigheh , Delir Haghighi Pari , Burstein Frada , Buttery Jim
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

Traditional monitoring for adverse events following immunization (AEFI) relies on various established reporting systems, where there is inevitable lag between an AEFI occurring and its potential reporting and subsequent processing of reports. AEFI safety signal detection strives to detect AEFI as early as possible, ideally close to real time. Monitoring social media data holds promise as a resource for this.

OBJECTIVE

The primary aim of this study is to investigate the utility of monitoring social media for gaining early insights into vaccine safety issues, by extracting vaccine adverse event mentions (VAEMs) from Twitter, using natural language processing techniques. The secondary aims are to document the natural language processing techniques used and identify the most effective of them for identifying tweets that contain VAEM, with a view to define an approach that might be applicable to other similar social media surveillance tasks.

METHODS

A VAEM-Mine method was developed that combines topic modeling with classification techniques to extract maximal VAEM posts from a vaccine-related Twitter stream, with high degree of confidence. The approach does not require a targeted search for specific vaccine reaction–indicative words, but instead, identifies VAEM posts according to their language structure.

RESULTS

The VAEM-Mine method isolated 8992 VAEMs from 811,010 vaccine-related Twitter posts and achieved an F1 score of 0.91 in the classification phase.

CONCLUSIONS

Social media can assist with the detection of vaccine safety signals as a valuable complementary source for monitoring mentions of vaccine adverse events. A social media–based VAEM data stream can be assessed for changes to detect possible emerging vaccine safety signals, helping to address the well-recognized limitations of passive reporting systems, including lack of timeliness and underreporting.
Factors Determining Cooperative Societies’ Housing Finance Acceptance in Gombe, Nigeria
Authors:   Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Garba Deborah , Iroaganachi Nneoma ,   Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bala Ishiyaku ,   Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University
Published: October 2021

Housing finance in developing countries is not readily available, and access to which is increasingly becoming difficult. The government has not been able to tackle the problem of housing shortages, especially in cities, as caused by population growth and increased urbanisation rate. There is, therefore, the need for interest groups like cooperative societies to come in. The study aimed at assessing the factors determining cooperative societies’ housing finance acceptance in Gombe to identify the descriptive levels of variables, adopting the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Using stratified random sampling, close-ended structured questionnaires designed in 5-point Likert Scale were used to get a total of 283 valid questionnaires used for the analysis. The findings supported the fitness of the traditional variables of TPB in predicting willingness to accept the present (study’s) housing financing model. The levels of the research model’s constructs were very high performance based on their mean and standard deviation. Thus, all the constructs can fit into the research model. The study recommends a further analysis to determine the statistical relationship among the model’s constructs to validate the TPB in this domain.
O LEHRERSEMINAR E LEHRERPRÄRANDER
Authors: BLOGOSLAWSKI ILSON PAULO , Daros Maria das Dores , Hoeller Solange Aparecida de Oliveira
Published: October 2021

Este artigo pretende refletir sobre algumas questões acerca do que constitui a ação das instituições teuto-brasileiras de formação de professores no sul do Brasil: o Lehrerseminar (Seminário de Formação de Professores Alemães), criado em 1909, em Taquari, Rio Grande do Sul, transferido em 1910 para Santa Cruz do Sul e, em abril de 1926, de forma definitiva, para a cidade de São Leopoldo, no Rio Grande do Sul; e o Instituto de Preparação de Professores Lehrerpräparander, criado em 1928, na cidade de Benedito-Timbó, Santa Catarina. O objetivo da pesquisa consiste em investigar elementos da formação de professores nessas instituições, no intuito de compreendê-las como elementos que compõem o ideário de modernidade educacional, a partir de aspectos culturais teuto-brasileiro, no período compreendido entre 1909 a 1938. Nas áreas de colonização alemã no Sul do Brasil se apresenta um leque de investigação que visa compreender o conceito da cultura e identidade étnica, sua organização estrutural pedagógica e didática; para identificar como se constituiu a preparação de professores teuto-brasileiros que se formaram no Lehrerseminar e no Lehrerpräparander. O percurso teórico-metodológico, visou atender à problemática anunciada acerca do objeto, teve como fio condutor o ideário moderno para compreender a relação da organização pedagógica e científica curricular. O aporte metodológico da investigação foi o referencial apoiado na história cultural e oral. Finalizamos a abordagem dos elementos do ideário moderno educacional representados nas disciplinas de Pedagogia e Psicologia, complementados por outras áreas destinadas a preparação didática, pedagógica, e metodológica visando à formação de professores teutos.
Black Hole Philosophy
Authors: Romero Gustavo E.
Published: October 2021

Black holes are arguably the most extraordinary physical objects we know in the universe. Despite our thorough knowledge of black hole dynamics and our ability to solve Einstein’s equations in situations of ever increasing complexity, the deeper implications of the very existence of black holes for our understanding of space, time, causality, information, and many other things remain poorly understood. In this paper I survey some of these problems. If something is going to be clear from my presentation, I hope it will be that around black holes science and metaphysics become more interwoven than anywhere else in the universe.
Current osteomyelitis mouse models, a systematic review
Authors:   Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Guarch-Pérez C , Riool M , Zaat SAJ
Published: October 2021

Osteomyelitis is an inflammatory bone disease caused by an infecting microorganism leading to a gradual bone loss. Due to the difficulty in studying osteomyelitis directly in patients, animal models allow researchers to investigate the pathogenesis of the infection and the development of novel prophylactic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial treatment strategies. This review is specifically focused on the in vivo mouse osteomyelitis studies available in literature. Thus, a systematic search on Web of Science and PubMed was conducted using the query “(infection) AND (mice OR mouse OR murine) AND (model OR models) AND (arthroplasty OR fracture OR (internal fixator) OR (internal fixation OR prosthesis OR implant OR osteomyelitis)”. After critical assessment of the studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 135 studies were included in the detailed analysis. Based on the model characteristics, the studies were classified into five subject groups: haematogenous osteomyelitis, post-traumatic osteomyelitis, bone-implant-related infection, peri-prosthetic joint infection, fracture-related infection. In addition, the characteristics of the mice used, such as inbred strain, age or gender, the characteristics of the pathogens used, the inoculation methods, the type of anaesthesia and analgesia used during surgery and the procedures for evaluating the pathogenicity of the infecting micro-organism were described. Overall, the mouse is an excellent first step in vivo model to study the pathogenesis, inflammation and healing process of osteomyelitis and to evaluate novel prophylaxis and treatment strategies.
Relationship between organizational identification and employee voice: A meta-analysis
Authors: Ruan Rongbin , Chen Wan
Published: October 2021

The extant literature contains conflicting findings about the relationship between organizational identification and employee voice. To estimate a more realistic correlation between these two variables, we conducted a meta-analysis of 40 empirical studies associated with organizational
identification and employee voice. We also analyzed cultural context, education level, common method variance, and the measurement scale used in each study as moderators of the relationship between organizational identification and employee voice. The results show that organizational identification
had a positive association with employee voice, and that the moderating role of cultural context was not significant, whereas education level, measurement scales, and common method variance were significant moderators. On the basis of our meta-analysis results, we propose that human resource
managers pay attention to the effect of organizational identification in eliciting employee voice, and implement policies that allow employees to express more ideas that promote organizational development in practice.
How career growth relates to organizational citizenship behavior directed at individuals and the organization
Authors: Shang Congyong , Li Dongxu , Diao Yajie
Published: October 2021

Past research has suggested that career growth is positively related to organizational citizenship behavior. Drawing on social exchange theory, this study investigated the possible boundary conditions of this relationship. Data were collected from 209 medical staff of a large hospital
in China, following convenience sampling. Results of hierarchical regression analysis indicate that there was a significant positive relationship between career growth and both organizational citizenship behavior directed at individuals (OCBI) and organizational citizenship behavior directed
at the organization (OCBO). Compared to OCBI, the positive relationship between career growth and OCBO was stronger. Further, leader–member exchange moderated the relationship between career growth and OCBI. Thus, we recommend that managers of organizations attach importance to employee
career growth and the establishment of high-quality exchange relationships when motivating organizational citizenship behavior, especially OCBI.
Understanding Korean early childhood teachers' challenges in parent–teacher partnerships: Beyond individual matters
Authors: Bang Yoo-Seon , Jang Hye-Jin , Jung Ji-Hyun
Published: October 2021

We conducted individual and group interviews with six early childhood teachers to better understand their difficulties in establishing parent–teacher partnerships, and to explore the underlying causes of such difficulties. The results show that all the teachers experienced various
challenges in their relationships with parents because of fear of conflict, unexpected struggles, parents' distrust, and unreasonable demands. However, these difficulties interconnect with broader sociocultural and structural factors that teachers cannot overcome simply through their individual
efforts. Despite this, under the current system, teachers reported that they had to solve problems by themselves, no matter how unreasonable. In conflict with their intention to collaborate better with parents, the teachers became discouraged, passive, and defensive in their relationships,
making it increasingly difficult for parent–teacher partnerships to form. The underlying causes that hinder parent–teacher partnerships and the implications of our findings are discussed.
Social media use and college students' academic performance: Student engagement as a mediator
Authors: Su Xin , Huang Jiatao
Published: October 2021

We investigated the relationships between students' social media use, engagement, and academic performance, proposing that student engagement would mediate the social media use–academic performance relationship. Using survey data from 307 Chinese college students, we found that
student engagement played a mediating role in the link between social media use and academic performance. In addition, the results show that the direct effect of social media use by college students on their academic performance was nonsignificant. Our results contribute to knowledge of the
relationships between social media use, student engagement, and academic performance in a Chinese higher educational context. They also provide educators with meaningful implications for improving students' academic performance. Future directions for research are discussed.
End-of-life home care during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sakamoto Ryo , Bhandari Divya , Ozaki Akihiko , Miyatake Hirotomo , Kosaka Makoto , Yoshida Makoto , Tanimoto Tetsuya , Kami Masahiro
Published: October 2021

Patients and their families are discouraged from the restrictions on
hospital visits for coronavirus Infection control. This separation might
further deteriorate the mental health of both vulnerable patients and
their family members. Home care could be a preferable solution to this
problem.
Geo-economics of space energy resources: A European perspective
Authors: Sekaric Nevena
Published: October 2021

The paper analyses the European space policy towards space energy resources
viewed from a geo-economics perspective. In a context where pessimistic
forecasts regarding the existing Earth?s energy resources result in
countries? shift towards outer space, the Moon, asteroids, and other
celestial bodies having large and still insufficiently explored energy
potential are becoming the subject of strategic interest for many actors. To
address this issue, the author argues that the European space program is
geo-economics in its basis. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to map the
key geo-economic characteristics of European space policy on the example of
space energy resources. In the analytical sense, the research subject is
bounded by the concept of geo-economics and the key geo-economic instruments
that countries dispose of in their search for space energy. In the
methodological sense, the defined research goal was achieved by reviewing
literature and official data and by content analysis of key European
strategic documents in the field of space policy. The author concludes that
the European space program regarding space energy is one of the best
examples of the materialization of geo-economics in practice.
Woman-to-Woman Workplace Bullying in the Audit Field
Authors: Tribou Kimberly , Kidd Mary Anna
Published: October 2021

Interviews with a sample of women in auditing reveal that they experienced women-to-women bullying throughout their public accounting careers. We define these aggressive behaviors in an accounting context and identify theoretical explanations. Since university accounting programs and accounting firms alike share responsibility for preparing and developing new accountants, we also present the interviewee's recommendations for the academy and the profession to reduce woman-to-woman social aggression. The recommendations can also address communication and interpersonal issues beyond gender-on-gender bullying.

JEL Classifications: L290; M140; M42.
Hepatic CPT1A Facilitates Liver–Adipose Cross Talk via Induction of FGF21 in Mice
Authors: Sun Wei , Nie Tao , Li Kuai , Wu Wenjie , Long Qiaoyun , Feng Tianshi , Mao Liufeng , Gao Yuan , Liu Qing , Gao Xuefei , Ye Dewei , Yan Kaixuan , Gu Ping , Xu Yong , Zhao Xuemei , Chen Kang , Loomes Kerry Martin , Lin Shaoqiang , Wu Donghai , Hui Xiaoyan
Published: October 2021

Hepatosteatosis, defined as excessive intrahepatic lipid accumulation, represents the first step of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). When combined with additional cellular stress, this benign status progresses to local and systemic pathological conditions such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and insulin resistance. However, the molecular events directly caused by hepatic lipid buildup, in terms of its impact on liver biology and peripheral organs, remain unclear. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) is the rate-limiting enzyme for long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation in the liver. In this study, we use hepatocyte-specific Cpt1a knockout (LKO) mice to investigate the physiological consequences of abolishing hepatic long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Compared with the wild-type littermates, high-fat diet (HFD)–fed LKO mice displayed more severe hepatosteatosis but were otherwise protected against diet-induced weight gain, insulin resistance, hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and damage. Interestingly, increased energy expenditure was observed in LKO mice, accompanied by enhanced adipose tissue browning. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that the peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor α–fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) axis was activated in liver of LKO mice. Importantly, antibody-mediated neutralization of FGF21 abolished the healthier metabolic phenotype and adipose browning in LKO mice, indicating that the elevation of FGF21 contributes to the improved liver pathology and adipose browning in HFD-treated LKO mice. Liver with deficient CPT1A expression adopts a healthy steatotic status that protects against HFD-evoked liver damage and potentiates adipose browning in an FGF21-dependent manner. Inhibition of hepatic CPT1A may serve as a viable strategy for the treatment of obesity and NAFLD.
The Impact of Diabetes on Productivity in India
Authors: Banker Khyati K. , Liew Danny , Ademi Zanfina , Owen Alice J. , Afroz Afsana , Magliano Dianna J. , Zomer Ella
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE

Diabetes increases the risk of premature mortality and considerably impacts on work productivity. We sought to examine the impact of diabetes in India, in terms of excess premature mortality, years of life lost (YLL), productivity-adjusted life years (PALYs) lost, and its associated economic impact.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A life table model was constructed to examine the productivity of the Indian working-age population currently aged 20–59 years with diabetes, followed until death or retirement age (60 years). The same cohort was resimulated, hypothetically assuming that they did not have diabetes. The total difference between the two cohorts, in terms of excess deaths, YLL and PALYs lost reflected the impact of diabetes. Data regarding the prevalence of diabetes, mortality, labor force dropouts, and productivity loss attributable to diabetes were derived from published sources.

RESULTS

In 2017, an estimated 54.4 million (7.6%) people of working-age in India had diabetes. With simulated follow-up until death or retirement age, diabetes was predicted to cause 8.5 million excess deaths (62.7% of all deaths), 42.7 million YLL (7.4% of total estimated years of life lived), and 89.0 million PALYs lost (23.3% of total estimated PALYs), equating to an estimated Indian rupee 176.6 trillion (U.S. dollars 2.6 trillion; purchasing power parity 9.8 trillion) in lost gross domestic product.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study demonstrates the impact of diabetes on productivity loss and highlights the importance of health strategies aimed at the prevention of diabetes.
Prediabetes Defined by First Measured HbA1c Predicts Higher Cardiovascular Risk Compared With HbA1c in the Diabetes Range: A Cohort Study of Nationwide Registries
Authors: Yahyavi Sam Kafai , Snorgaard Ole , Knop Filip Krag , Schou Morten , Lee Christina , Selmer Christian , Gislason Gunnar , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Blomberg Jensen Martin , Nissen Bonde Anders
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE

To assess the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), all-cause mortality, and initiation of medical treatment in subjects with prediabetes according to first-time measured HbA1c.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Through registry databases, we identified 326,305 Danish patients with a first HbA1c between 40 and 51 mmol/mol (5.8–6.8%) from 2011 to 2017. After exclusion of patients with prior disease, 84,678 patients were followed 12 months after first HbA1c measurement. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of MACE and standardized absolute risks. Cumulative incidences were used to analyze initiation of glucose-lowering, antihypertensive, cholesterol-lowering, and antithrombotic medication.

RESULTS

The 12-month risk of MACE and all-cause mortality increased gradually with increasing HbA1c until 47 mmol/mol (6.5%). In comparisons of subjects with HbA1c 40–41 mmol/mol (5.8–5.9%), subjects with HbA1c 46–47 mmol/mol (6.4–6.5%) had a 0.79% (95% CI 0.33–1.24) higher standardized absolute risk and an HR of 2.21 (95% CI 1.67–2.92) of MACE. Patients with HbA1c 48–49 mmol/mol (6.5–6.6%) had a 0.09% (95% CI −0.35 to 0.52) lower absolute risk and an HR of 1.33 (95% CI 0.87–2.05) of MACE. Initiation of medication was significantly lower among patients with HbA1c of 46–47 mmol/mol (6.4–6.5%) than among patients with HbA1c of 48–49 mmol/mol (6.5–6.6%).

CONCLUSIONS

In the Danish population screened for diabetes with HbA1c, the highest risk of MACE and all-cause mortality was found in subjects with HbA1c just below the diagnostic threshold for diabetes. Our results highlight the need for increased focus on the treatment of cardiovascular risk factors for subjects with prediabetes.
Prediabetes Defined by First Measured HbA1c Predicts Higher Cardiovascular Risk Compared With HbA1c in the Diabetes Range: A Cohort Study of Nationwide Registries
Authors: Yahyavi Sam Kafai , Snorgaard Ole , Knop Filip Krag , Schou Morten , Lee Christina , Selmer Christian , Gislason Gunnar , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Jensen Martin Blomberg , Bonde Anders Nissen
Published: October 2021

Objective: To assess the
risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), all-cause mortality, and
initiation of medical treatment in subjects with prediabetes according to
first-time measured HbA1c.

Research
design and methods: Through
registry databases, we identified 326,305 Danish patients with a first HbA1c
between 40-51 mmol/mol (5.8-6.8%) from 2011 to 2017. After exclusion of patients
with prior disease, 84,678 patients
were followed 12 months after first HbA1c measurement. Cox regression models
were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of MACE and standardized absolute risks.
Cumulative incidences were used
to analyse initiation of glucose-lowering, anti-hypertensive,
cholesterol-lowering and anti-thrombotic medication.

Results: The 12-months risk of MACE and all-cause mortality
increased gradually with increasing HbA1c until 47 mmol/mol (6.5%). Compared to HbA1c of 40-41 mmol/mol (5.8-5.9%), subjects
with HbA1c of 46-47 mmol/mol (6.4-6.5%) had a 0.79% (95% CI 0.33-1.24) higher
standardized absolute risk and a HR of 2.21 (95% CI 1.67-2.92) of MACE. Patients
with a HbA1c of 48-49 mmol/mol (6.5-6.6%) had a -0.09% (95% CI -0.35-0.52)
lower absolute risk and a HR of 1.33 (95% CI 0.87-2.05) of MACE. Initiation of medication
was significantly lower among patients with HbA1c of 46-47 mmol/mol (6.4-6.5%)
compared to patients with HbA1c of 48-49 mmol/mol (6.5-6.6%).

Conclusion: In the Danish population screened for diabetes
with HbA1c, the highest risk of MACE and all-cause mortality was found in subjects
with HbA1c just below the diagnostic threshold for diabetes. Our results
highlight the need for increased focus on the treatment of cardiovascular
risk-factors in subjects with prediabetes.