bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Healthcare staff’s evaluation of a walk‐in centre at a healthcare centre in an immigrant‐dense area
Authors: Wärdig Rikard , Hadziabdic Emina , Hjelm Katarina
Published: December 2018

Aims and objectives

To evaluate a walk‐in centre at a healthcare centre in an immigrant‐dense area where a high proportion of the patients have limited language ability in Swedish, from the perspective of healthcare personnel.

Background

Increased global migration results in higher vulnerability in migrants, with the risk of increased morbidity and mortality. Migrants’ health often deteriorates, which can be attributed to an increased level of stress and adaptation to a new lifestyle. Therefore, immigrants are at higher risk of being affected by, for example, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. This requires access to good health care.

Design

A qualitative exploratory study was conducted, using semi‐structured interviews. Content analysis was used in the analysis process.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were held with 15 purposively sampled doctors and nurses, working at a healthcare centre in Sweden. Data were collected during autumn 2017. The study was performed in accordance with COREQ.

Results

Working at the walk‐in centre involved caring for everything from basic to advanced health problems and meant a high pace that required stress‐resistant personnel. The walk‐in centre was described as both promoting and threatening patient safety. The personnel had several ideas on how to develop the walk‐in centre.

Conclusions

A walk‐in centre can be seen as a necessity related to issues of ensuring patient safety and delivering care for everyone in an immigrant‐dense area. However, it cannot be the only form of care offered, as it seems not be adapted to certain groups, such as people with disabilities and the elderly.

Relevance to clinical practice

The findings emphasise that a walk‐in centre is a way to increase accessibility for the entire population and offer equal care for all, even if it involves challenges that need to be addressed.
Undocumented migrants’ life situations: An exploratory analysis of quality of life and living conditions in a sample of undocumented migrants living in Norway
Authors: Myhrvold Trine , Småstuen Milada C.
Published: December 2018

Aims and objectives

To gather insight in conditions important to an understanding of undocumented migrants’ life situations and more specifically to explore undocumented migrants’ quality of life and how we can understand the various domains of quality of life related to demographics, living conditions, migration history and inflicted burden.

Background

Undocumented migrants suffer from economic hardship and acculturative stress, limited psychological and social support and at the same time restricted access to health care and social welfare.

Design

An exploratory mixed methods design using primarily quantitative data with a qualitative component was implemented.

Methods

Sociodemographic data on 90 undocumented migrants were collected, and self‐report questionnaires on quality of life and psychological distress were completed, supplemented by qualitative data obtained through interviews and additional qualitative questions. The STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies was used for reporting this study.

Results

Quality of life in our group of undocumented migrants was poor. Leaving their home country because of war or persecution, hunger, having experienced abuse, homelessness and higher age were statistically significantly associated with poorer quality of life. Having membership in a local association and having a partner were statistically significantly associated with better quality of life. Qualitative data indicate that marginal living conditions, fear of death and suffering and conditions associated with dependency were the main components comprising the burden to our respondents, reflecting their precarious juridical status as undocumented migrants.

Conclusion

Our respondents’ poor quality of life was related to the complex interplay between possible exposures to traumatic experiences before and during flight and post‐migration traumatisation in relation to our respondents’ experiences of economic, social and acculturative hardship in Norway.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Responses called for to improve undocumented migrants’ quality of life and eliminate barriers to their health care appeal more to nurses as a professional group and to those in positions of authority than each individual nurse on duty.
Children's untreated decay is positively associated with past caries experience and with current salivary loads of mutans Streptococci; negatively with self‐reported maternal iron supplements during pregnancy: a multifactorial analysis
Authors: Fernando Surani , Kumar Santhosh , Bakr Mahmoud , Speicher David , Lea Rodney , Scuffham Paul A. , Johnson Newell W.
Published: December 2018

Objectives

This study explored the association of children's salivary characteristics, past caries experience, birth weight, and reported maternal prenatal vitamin and mineral supplementation with the dental untreated decay of the child.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study, a sub‐study of Griffith University Environments for Healthy Living birth cohort study, was conducted on 174 mother‐child dyads. Mother's prenatal usage of vitamin and mineral supplements; child's birthweight; salivary pH, buffering capacity, and levels of salivary MS and LB were explored as risk indicators. Dental caries experience was assessed using International Caries Detection and Assessment System criteria. Path analysis was conducted to evaluate the association of risk indicators with children's current and past dental caries experience.

Results

Children's past caries experience (β = 0.332,p= 0.018), and salivary MS counts (β = 0.215,p= 0.032) were positively associated with untreated decay at time of examination. With a trend towards significance, children whose mothers had reported taking iron supplements during pregnancy experienced lower levels of past caries (β = −0.137,p= 0.068) and untreated dental caries (β = −0.046,p= 0.051).

Conclusions

This study confirms that a child's levels of untreated decay is positively associated with their past caries, and that it correlates with current levels of salivary MS. Children of mothers who reported to have taken iron supplements during pregnancy experienced less caries throughout their lives. These observations confirm the importance to offspring of monitoring maternal health throughout pregnancy and of early monitoring of children's oral health in preventing future dental disease.
Non‐adherence to psychotropic medication assessed by plasma level in newly admitted psychiatric patients: Prevalence before acute admission
Authors: Geretsegger Christian , Pichler Eva‐Maria , Gimpl Kathrin , Aichhorn Wolfgang , Stelzig Renate , Grabher‐Stoeffler Gertrud , Hiemke Christoph , Zernig Gerald
Published: December 2018

Aims

Non‐adherence or partial adherence to psychotropic medication is found in 18–70% of patients. Many previously used methods for the assessment of adherence (e.g. questionnaires, pill counts, and electronic systems), however, might underreport actual rates of non‐adherence to medication. The aim of this study was to quantify adherence using plasma level.

Methods

We conducted a 6‐week prospective study of all consecutive admitted patients at the Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Clinics of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, who had been treated with antipsychotics/antidepressants prior to admission (pre‐medication dosage in 161 of 233). Plasma drug levels were determined and compared with expected levels based on known preadmission dosing regimens and average pharmacokinetic data.

Results

Seventy‐three percent of the patients had actual plasma levels clearly below or above the intended level. Significantly more patients with schizophrenia (66%) did not take the medication as prescribed, when compared with patients with affective disorders (47%) or those with other psychiatric diagnoses (41%). Only 27% (44 of 161) of the patients had plasma level in the expected range based on the dosage.

Conclusion

The risk of partial adherence or non‐adherence is expected in two‐thirds of patients with schizophrenia, half of patients with affective disorders, and approximately 40% of patients with other psychiatric diagnoses. Given that admitting psychiatrists could not provide an accurate assessment of patient adherence, it is strongly suggested that clinical judgment be supplemented with the actual monitoring of adherence – and further optimization of pharmacotherapy – by means of therapeutic drug monitoring.
Impacts of warming and water deficit on antioxidant responses in Panicum maximum Jacq
Authors: Borjas‐Ventura Ricardo , Alves Leticia R. , de Oliveira Reginaldo , Martínez Carlos A. , Gratão Priscila L.
Published: December 2018

Agricultural activities are affected by many biotic and abiotic stresses associated with global climate change. Predicting the response of plants to abiotic stress under future climate scenarios requires an understanding of plant biochemical performance in simulated stress conditions. In this study, the antioxidant response of Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Mombaça exposed to warming (+2°C above ambient temperature) (eT), water deficit (wS) and the combination eT + wS was analysed under field conditions using a temperature free‐air‐controlled enhancement facility. Warming was applied during the entire growth period. Data were collected at 13, 19 and 37 days after the start of the water deficit treatment (DAT) and at two sampling times (6:00 and 12:00 h). A significant decrease in chlorophyll was observed under the wS treatment, but an increment in total chlorophyll was observed in eT + wS, particularly at 19 DAT. Significant increase in H2O2 content, malondialdehyde and protein oxidation was observed in the wS treatment at noon of the third sampling. In the combined wS + eT stress treatment, the activity of the enzymatic antioxidant system increased, particularly of superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX; EC 1.11.1.11). The chlorophyll fluorescence images showed that the photochemical performance was not significantly affected by the treatments. In conclusion, under simulated future warming and water stress conditions, the photosystem II (PSII) activity of P. maximum acclimated to moderate warming and a water‐stressed environment associated with a relatively favourable antioxidant response, particularly in the activity of APX and SOD.
A Bayesian Semiparametric Approach for Trend–Seasonal Interaction: an Application to Migration Forecasts
Authors: Milivinti Alice , Benini Giacomo
Published: December 2018

We model complex trend–seasonal interactions within a Bayesian framework. The contribution divides into two parts. First, it proves, via a set of simulations, that a semiparametric specification of the interplay between the seasonal cycle and the global time trend outperforms parametric and non-parametric alternatives when the seasonal behaviour is represented by Fourier series of order bigger than 1. Second, the paper uses a Bayesian framework to forecast Swiss immigration, merging the simulations’ outcome with a set of priors derived from alternative hypotheses about the future number of incomers. The result is an effective symbiosis between Bayesian probability and semiparametric flexibility that can reconcile past observations with unprecedented expectations.
Design and visualization of second‐generation cyanoisoindole‐based fluorescent strigolactone analogs
Authors: Van Overtveldt Melissa , Braem Lukas , Struk Sylwia , Kaczmarek Anna M. , Boyer François‐Didier , Van Deun Rik , Gevaert Kris , Goormachtig Sofie , Heugebaert Thomas S. A. , Stevens Christian V.
Published: December 2018

Summary

Strigolactones (SLs) are a family of terpenoid allelochemicals that were recognized as plant hormones only a decade ago. They influence a myriad of both above‐ and below‐ground developmental processes, and are an important survival strategy for plants in nutrient‐deprived soils. A rapidly emerging approach to gain knowledge on hormone signaling is the use of traceable analogs. A unique class of labeled SL analogs was constructed, in which the original tricyclic lactone moiety of natural SLs is replaced by a fluorescent cyanoisoindole ring system. Biological evaluation as parasitic seed germination stimulant and hypocotyl elongation repressor proved the potency of the cyanoisoindole strigolactone analogs (CISAs) to be comparable to the commonly accepted standard GR24. Additionally, via a SMXL6 protein degradation assay, we provided molecular evidence that the compounds elicit SL‐like responses through the natural signaling cascade. All CISAs were shown to exhibit fluorescent properties, and the high quantum yield and Stokes shift of the pyrroloindole derivative CISA‐7 also enabled in vivo visualization in plants. In contrast to the previously reported fluorescent analogs, CISA‐7 displays a large similarity in shape and structure with natural SLs, which renders the analog a promising tracer to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of SLs in plants and fungi.
Evidence of pandemic H1N1 influenza exposure in dogs and cats, Thailand: A serological survey
Authors: Tangwangvivat Ratanaporn , Chanvatik Sunicha , Charoenkul Kamonpan , Chaiyawong Supassama , Janethanakit Taveesak , Tuanudom Ranida , Prakairungnamthip Duangduean , Boonyapisitsopa Supanat , Bunpapong Napawan , Amonsin Alongkorn
Published: December 2018

Influenza A virus causes respiratory disease in both humans and animals. In this study, a survey of influenza A antibodies in domestic dogs and cats was conducted in 47 animal shelters in 19 provinces of Thailand from September 2011 to September 2014. One thousand and eleven serum samples were collected from 932 dogs and 79 cats. Serum samples were tested for influenza A antibodies using a multi‐species competitive NP‐ELISA and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. The NP‐ELISA results showed that 0.97% (9/932) of dogs were positive, but all cat samples were negative. The HI test against pandemic H1N1, human H3N2 and canine H3N2 showed that 0.64% (6/932) and 1.20% (1/79) of dogs and cats were positive, respectively. It is noted that all six serum samples (5 dogs and 1 cat) had antibodies against pandemic H1N1. In summary, a serological survey revealed the evidence of pandemic H1N1 influenza exposure in both dogs and cats in the shelters in Thailand.
Catecholamine response to exercise in patients with non‐obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Shah Ankit B. , Bechis Mary Z. , Brown Marcel , Finch Jennifer Michaud , Loomer Garrett , Groezinger Erich , Weiner Rory B. , Wasfy Meagan M. , Picard Michael H. , Fifer Michael A. , Lewis Gregory B. , Baggish Aaron L.
Published: December 2018

Key points

Intense physical activity, a potent stimulus for sympathetic nervous system activation, is thought to increase the risk of malignant ventricular arrhythmias among patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).

As a result, the majority of patients with HCM deliberately reduce their habitual physical activity after diagnosis and this lifestyle change puts them at risk for sequelae of a sedentary lifestyle: weight gain, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, insulin resistance, coronary artery disease, and increased morbidity and mortality.

We show that plasma catecholamine levels remain stably low at exercise intensities below the ventilatory threshold, a parameter that can be defined during cardiopulmonary exercise testing, but rise rapidly at higher intensities of exercise.

These findings suggest that cardiopulmonary exercise testing may be a useful tool to provide an individualized moderate‐intensity exercise prescription for patients with HCM.

Intense physical activity, a potent stimulus for sympathetic nervous system activation, is thought to increase the risk of malignant ventricular arrhythmias among patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, the impact of exercise intensity on plasma catecholamine levels among HCM patients has not been rigorously defined. We conducted a prospective observational case‐control study of men with non‐obstructive HCM and age‐matched controls. Laboratory‐based cardiopulmonary exercise testing coupled with serial phlebotomy was used to define the relationship between exercise intensity and plasma catecholamine levels. Compared to controls (C, n = 5), HCM participants (H, n = 9) demonstrated higher left ventricular mass index (115 ± 20 vs. 90 ± 16 g/m2, P = 0.03) and maximal left ventricular wall thickness (16 ± 1 vs. 8 ± 1 mm, P < 0.001) but similar body mass index, resting heart rate, peak oxygen consumption (H = 40 ± 13 vs. C = 42 ± 7 ml/kg/min, P = 0.81) and heart rate at the ventilatory threshold (H = 78 ± 6 vs. C = 78 ± 4% peak heart rate, P = 0.92). During incremental effort exercise in both groups, concentrations of adrenaline and noradrenaline were unchanged through low‐ and moderate‐exercise intensity until reaching a catecholamine threshold (H = 82 ± 4 vs. C = 85 ± 3% peak heart rate, P = 0.86) after which levels of both molecules rose rapidly. In patients with mild non‐obstructive HCM, plasma catecholamine levels remain stably low at exercise intensities below the ventilatory threshold but rise rapidly at higher intensities of exercise. Routine cardiopulmonary exercise testing may be a useful tool to provide an individualized moderate‐intensity exercise prescription for patients with HCM.
All-photonic quantum teleportation using on-demand solid-state quantum emitters
Authors: Reindl Marcus , Huber Daniel , Schimpf Christian , da Silva Saimon F. Covre , Rota Michele B. , Huang Huiying , Zwiller Val , Jöns Klaus D. , Rastelli Armando , Trotta Rinaldo
Published: December 2018

Photons generated on-demand by artificial atoms are used to demonstrate quantum teleportation.
Rhodium-catalyzed, P-directed selective C7 arylation of indoles
Authors: Qiu Xiaodong , Deng Hong , Zhao Yue , Shi Zhuangzhi
Published: December 2018

We report a regioselective direct arylation of indoles at the C7 position with (hetero)aryl bromides.
Opacification of hydrophilic intraocular lenses associated with vitrectomy and injection of intraocular gas
Authors: Marcovich Arie L , Tandogan Tamer , Bareket Mor , Eting Eva , Kaplan-Ashiri Ifat , Bukelman Amir , Auffarth Gerd U , Khoramnia Ramin
Published: December 2018

Objective

To report 11 cases of intraocular lens (IOL) opacification after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) involving intravitreal gas injection.

Methods and analysis

Eleven cases of hydrophilic IOLs that opacified following PPV with intravitreal gas injection are described. Eight IOLs were explanted and analysed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Staining with alizarin red and von Kossa stains, as well as energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were performed. Three IOLs were not explanted. The surgeons attached the clinical data.

Results

The IOLs were hydrophilic acrylic produced by six manufacturers. Six patients underwent primarily phacoemulsification with IOL implantation. PPV with intravitreal gas injection was performed 3 months–6 years afterwards. The other five patients underwent combined phacoemulsification with IOL implantation and PPV with intravitreal gas injection. IOL opacification was recorded 1 month –6 years after PPV. In eight patients, the IOLs were explanted 1 month–9 years after opacification was noticed. In three patients, the opacified IOL was not explanted. IOLs had opacified mainly anteriorly at the pupillary entrance or capsulorhexis opening. Light microscopy demonstrated granular surface deposits on the IOLs that stained positive for calcium by alizarin red and von Kossa stains. EDX analysis of the deposits detected calcium and phosphorus.

Conclusions

Hydrophilic acrylic IOLs can opacify due to calcium deposition after PPV and intravitreal gas injection and may require IOL explantation. A hydrophobic IOL may be preferred when a simultaneous phacoemulsification and vitrectomy with intravitreal gas is performed.
Study of the relationship between self-stigma and subjective quality of life for individuals with chronic schizophrenia in the community
Authors: Guo Yi , Qu Shumin , Qin Hongyun
Published: December 2018

Background

Studies conducted outside of China have found that stigma can predict low quality of life, and research in China has shown that stigma has an impact on the quality of life of convalescent patients with schizophrenia. Nevertheless, there is no indepth research on the impact of stigma on the quality of life of patients.

Aims

To research the correlation of stigma and the subjective quality of life of persons with chronic schizophrenia in the community.

Methods

We adopted a stratified sampling method. General questionnaire, quality of life scale and stigma scale were given to 602 persons with chronic schizophrenia in the community.

Results

The mean (SD) value of the Subjective Quality of Life Scale total scores was 32.99 (13.85). The mean (SD) value of the total stigma scores was 43.50 (5.02). After correlation analysis and multivariate stepwise regression analysis, it was shown that the total scores for self-stigma and each factor were positively correlated with subjective quality of life (r=0.462,p<0.001), psychosocial factors (r=0.517,p<0.001), and symptoms and adverse reaction factor scores (r=0.363,p<0.001), and the correlation coefficients were statistically significant.

Conclusions

The higher the stigma of persons with schizophrenia in the community, the lower the subjective quality of life is. This suggests that reduction of self-stigma should be considered in the improvement of the quality of life of persons with schizophrenia in the community.
Disruption of periaqueductal grey-default mode network functional connectivity predicts persistent post-traumatic headache in mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Niu Xuan , Bai Lijun , Sun Yingxiang , Wang Shan , Cao Jieli , Sun Chuanzhu , Wang Zhuonan , Xu Hui , Gan Shuoqiu , Fan Geng , Huang Wenmin , Gu Chenghui , Yin Bo , Bai Guanghui , Xu Xiaoling , Zhang Ming
Published: December 2018

Objective

Post-traumatic headache (PTH) is one of the most frequent and persistent physical symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and develop in more than 50% of this population. This study aimed to investigate the periaqueductal grey (PAG)-seeded functional connectivity (FC) in patients with mTBI with acute post-traumatic headache (APTH) and further examine whether the FC can be used as a neural biomarker to identify patients developing chronic pain 3 months postinjury.

Methods

70 patients with mTBI underwent neuropsychological measurements and MRI scans within 7 days postinjury and 56 (80%) of patients were followed up at 3 months. 46 healthy controls completed the same protocol on recruitment to the study. PAG-seeded resting-state FC analysis was measured in 54 patients with mTBI with APTH, in comparison with 46 healthy volunteers.

Results

The mTBI+APTH group presented significantly reduced PAG-seeded FC within the default mode network (DMN), compared with healthy volunteers group. The connectivity strength can also predict patients’ complaints on the impact of headache on their lives. Crucially, the initial FC strength between the PAG-right precuneus as well as the PAG-right inferior parietal lobule became the important predictor to identify patients with mTBI developing persistent PTH 3 months postinjury.

Conclusions

Patients with mTBI+APTH exhibited significant PAG-related FC differences mainly within the DMN. These regions extended beyond traditional pain processing areas and may reflect the diminished top-down attention regulation of pain perception through antinociceptive descending modulation network. The disrupted PAG-DMN FC may be used as an early imaging biomarker to identify patients at risk of developing persistent PTH.
Leadership in times of crisis
Authors: AlKnawy Bandar
Published: December 2018

When organisations encounter a crisis, the most senior executives are at the spotlight and have responsibility to lead the organisation to safe grounds. This necessitates mental focus to instill confidence and resilience to staff, customers and external stakeholders. In August 2015, a large medical centre in the Saudi Arabia faced a major outbreak with the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and cases accumulated in an unprecedented rate, triggered by a hospital-acquired transmission in the overcrowded Emergency Department. This article summarises the leadership learning from the MERS-CoV outbreak and draws on principles from leadership in extremis studies, a perspective that emphasises specific personality traits, attitudes and styles of individual leaders. It describes phases of the crisis starting with the phase 1 of crisis escalation, which included the emergency response along with measures for building confidence and ending with phase 2 of crisis resolution in which the crisis is used to make permanent and lasting change.
Unintended consequences of the electronic medical record on physicians in training and their mentors
Authors: Paterick Zachary R , Patel Nachiket J , Paterick Timothy Edward
Published: December 2018

For physicians in training and their mentors, the process of learning and teaching clinical medicine has become challenging in the electronic medical record (EMR) era. Trainees and their mentors exist in a milieu of incessant box checking and laborious documentation that has no clinical educational value, limits the time for teaching and curtails clinical cognitive skill development. These unintended consequences of the EMR are juxtaposed against the EMR’s intended benefits of improved patient care and safety with reduced medical errors, improved clinical support systems, reduced potential for negligence with clinical data and metadata data supporting compliance with the standard of care. Although the mindset was technology would be the solution to many healthcare issues, there was not an appreciation of the cumulative impact of the non-educational workload on physician time and education. The EMR was intended to improve the efficiency of medical care and time management. It appears that the unintended consequences of the EMR with numerous checkboxes, automatic filling of computer screens, pre-worded templates, and automatic history and physical examination functions with detailed administrative oversight and compliance monitoring were not appreciated, and many believe that burden has overwhelmed the intended benefits of the EMR. This juxtaposition of the intended and unintended consequences of the EMR has left trainees and mentors struggling to optimise medical education and development of clinical skills while providing high-quality patient medical care. Physician educators must identify how to use the benefits of the EMR and overcome the unintended consequences. A major unintended consequence of the EMR is time dedicated to automate functions that detract from the time spent with mentors and patients. This time loss has the potential to restrict the physician from meeting the essential canons of medical informed consent and interfere with a physician meeting her fiduciary duties to the patient. To raise awareness and stimulate a search for solutions that benefit medical education and patient care, we will explore the intended and unintended consequences of the EMR and potential solutions using the intelligent systems of the EMR.
Increasing proportion of herpes simplex virus type 1 among women and men diagnosed with first-episode anogenital herpes: a retrospective observational study over 14 years in Melbourne, Australia
Authors: Durukan Duygu , Fairley Christopher K , Bradshaw Catriona S , Read Tim R H , Druce Julian , Catton Michael , Caly Leon , Chow Eric P F
Published: December 2018

Objectives

Reports of rising herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) genital infections relative to HSV-2 have been published up to 2006 in Australia. These changes have been attributed to declining childhood immunity to HSV-1. We described the temporal trends of HSV-1 and HSV-2 up to 2017 in Melbourne, Australia, to determine if the earlier trend is continuing.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of the medical records of 4517 patients who were diagnosed with first episode of anogenital HSV infection at the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Australia, between January 2004 and December 2017. HSV-1 and HSV-2 were calculated as a proportion of all first episode of anogenital HSV infections. The change in the proportions of HSV-1 and HSV-2 over time was assessed by a χ2trend test. Risk factors associated with HSV-1 were examined using a multivariable logistic regression model.

Results

The proportion of first episode of anogenital herpes due to HSV-1 increased significantly over time in women (from 45% to 61%; ptrend<0.001) and heterosexual men (from 38% to 41%; ptrend=0.01) but not in men who have sex with men (MSM) (ptrend=0.21). After adjusting for condom use, partner number and age, the annual increase remained significant only in women (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.13, p<0.001). In MSM, HSV-1 caused up to two-thirds of anogenital herpes in most years and HSV-1 was more likely to be diagnosed at an anal site than genital site (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.32, p<0.001). Younger age (<28 years) was an independent risk factor for HSV-1 in all groups.

Conclusions

The proportion of first-episode anogenital herpes due to HSV-1 has been rising in women since 2004. HSV-1 has become the leading cause of anogenital herpes in younger populations, women and MSM.
Cohort effects of tobacco control policy: evidence to support a tobacco-free norm through smoke-free policy
Authors: Kang Heewon , Cho Sung-il
Published: December 2018

Background

The prevalence of cigarette smoking among South Korean adolescents has decreased markedly over the past decade, which may indicate a norm shift between generations of adolescents. The present study aims to identify the effect of banning smoking in public places and increasing cigarette prices on current adolescent smoking, and to determine whether these policies additionally resulted in cohort effects.

Methods

Repeated cross-sectional survey data, nationally representative of South Korean adolescents, were used. A total of 853 441 adolescents ranging in age from 12 to 18 years (mean age, 15 years) were identified. Models applied were segmented regression model to detect changes in smoking trends and age-period-cohort model to determine the cohort effects on the trends.

Findings

Between 2006 and 2017, smoking decreased from 16% to 9% in boys and from 9% to 3% in girls. After a complete ban on smoking in public places, there were significantly negative trends in the prevalence of smoking for both boys (β=−1.1; 95% CI: −1.9 to −0.2) and girls (β=−0.4; 95% CI: −0.6 to −0.1). Immediate decrease among girls was found after cigarette prices increased (β=−0.8; 95% CI: −1.5 to −0.2). For the cohort effect, the risk of smoking decreased with every consecutive year for boys born after 1998 and girls born after 1997.

Conclusions

Our results indicate the presence of cohort effects in the reduction of adolescent smoking. The cohort effect was induced by smoke-free legislation. Research on cohort effects, and methods to denormalise tobacco, will contribute to preventing adolescents from ever trying a cigarette.
Illicit cigarette trade in Metropolitan Santiago de Chile
Authors: Paraje Guillermo , Araya Daniel , Drope Jeffrey
Published: December 2018

Objective

To estimate with a rigorous statistical methodology and independent from the tobacco industry the prevalence and consumption of illicit cigarettes in Metropolitan Santiago de Chile, in addition to identifying the variables statistically associated with choosing to smoke illicit cigarettes.

Methods

Surveys of 851 smokers who reside in the Metropolitan Santiago were collected using a sampling design that combined a randomisation of high-traffic points and a quota sampling to approximate the smoking population. Photographs of packs along with questions on where they were bought were used to define whether cigarettes were licit or illicit. After this identification, the statistical association between the decision to smoke illicit cigarettes and sociodemographic variables and smoking habits was estimated using probit models.

Results

The proportion of smokers smoking illicit cigarettes in Metropolitan Santiago was 10.9%. Adjusted by smoking intensity, 16.3% of cigarettes smoked in a month were illicit. Models show that the probability of smoking illicit cigarettes is inversely associated with employment status (ie, employed/inactive/unemployed), and smokers with lower levels of education are more likely to smoke illicit cigarettes. Though smokers’ incomes are not directly measured, both employment status and educational levels are indicative that illicit cigarette consumption is more prevalent among low-income groups.

Conclusions

The proportion of smokers consuming illicit cigarettes estimated in this research is less than half of the widely publicised claims of the tobacco industry. Furthermore, past and present pricing strategies by the tobacco industry indicate that, contrary to public statements, the tobacco industry is not concerned by illicit trade.
A Influência Judaica na Literatura de Moacyr Scliar
Authors: Scliar Wremyr
Published: December 2018

Wremyr Scliar escreve sobre Moacyr Scliar e sua obra.
Apontamentos Sobre “Um Sonho no Caroço do Abacate”, de Moacyr Scliar
Authors: Moreira Fernanda Dos Santos Silveira
Published: December 2018

Este trabalho tem como objetivo discutir alguns dos aspectos problematizados em Um sonho no caroço do abacate, livro infanto-juvenil de um dos principais nomes da literatura brasileira contemporânea: Moacyr Scliar. Publicado em 1995, esse livro tem como narrador o jovem Mardoqueu Stern, filho de imigrantes judeus lituanos que chegaram ao Brasil pouco antes da Segunda Guerra Mundial. Ao lado de seu amigo Carlos e de sua namorada Ana Lúcia, Mardoqueu experimenta conflitos dentro e fora de seu ambiente familiar, em uma narrativa que discute os preconceitos religioso e racial na sociedade brasileira. Neste estudo ressalta-se, ainda, de que forma a leitura dessa obra pode contribuir para oportunizar entre os jovens esse debate, ainda muito necessário, em escolas ou outros espaços de leitura.
A Condição Judaica – Você Não se Livra Dela (Moacyr Scliar)
Authors: Waldman Berta
Published: December 2018

Artigo de Berta Waldman.
Entre o Deserto e o Mar
Authors: Chwarts Suzana
Published: December 2018

Este ensaio explora o eixo simbólico comum a alguns dos principais episódios cosmogônicos na Bíblia hebraica, a saber, a reunião das águas da criação, o desfecho do dilúvio, a gênese de Israel na história com a travessia do mar dos Juncos e regeneração de Israel, com o retorno dos exilados a Sião. Tendo como ponto de partida e chegada a palavra – guia yabasháh, propõe-se um percurso analítico com o intuito de elucidar a magnitude do plano divino para a salvação de Israel, bem como seu nexo lógico.
Tradução de YZH em Isaías 52.15
Authors: Lane William Lacy
Published: December 2018

O artigo analisa a tradução de Isaías 52.15, particularmente, as diferenças de interpretação do termo יַזֶּה. As versões modernas divergem na tradução desse verbo, e essa divergência não se limita à terminologia, mas traz implicações ao próprio sentido da frase. Há pelo menos dois campos de sentido representados nas traduções: o primeiro corresponde a “borrifar”, “aspergir”; e o segundo, a “causar admiração”, “assombrar”, “causar espanto”. O argumento desenvolvido é o de que, para se interpretar essa passagem, precisa-se recorrer não apenas às evidências textuais, lexicais e gramaticais, mas também aos aspectos sintáticos e discursivos da unidade e seu contexto.
O Livro de Ester e a Irrevogabilidade das Leis Aquemênidas
Authors: Araujo Matheus Treuk Medeiros de
Published: December 2018

Uma objeção frequentemente apresentada contra a historicidade do livro bíblico de Ester é sua referência à “irrevogabilidade” das leis persas. Mesmo recentemente, alguns comentadores recusaram a verossimilhança de tal noção, asseverando que ela seria impraticável. No entanto, o estudo do sistema jurídico e judicial da Pérsia Aquemênida pode fornecer informações valiosas a respeito de como interpretar certas passagens de Ester.
Sionismo Radical Socialista a Orillas del Río de la Plata: El Movimiento Mordechai Anielevich en Uruguay
Authors: Gesser Silvina Schammach
Published: December 2018

Resenha de Silvina Schammach Gesser.
Gêneros no Facebook
Authors: Modolo Artur Daniel Ramos
Published: December 2018

As revistas de divulgação científica são uma valiosa fonte de informação científica para o setor da sociedade que ge-ralmente não é especialista em ciência. O objetivo desse artigo é avaliar semelhanças e diferenças em publicações no Facebook por páginas de divulgação científica, especialmente no uso dos gêneros e na reação dos leitores. Neste estudo, a partir da perspectiva bakhtiniana, avaliam-se 110 posts de revistas de divulgação científica no Facebook quanto ao conteúdo visual e verbal. Analisamos quantitativamente esses recursos considerando as possibilidades de expressão em posts no Facebook (vídeos, imagens, GIFs, etc.) relacionando-os com as principais formas responsivas disponíveis para os usuários do Facebook (curtir, compartilhar e comentar). Coletaram-se vinte posts de linha do tempo publicadas por cada revista: Cosmos, Galileu, NewScientist, ScientificAmerican e Superin-teressante durante o intervalo de três dias (6 de novembro de 2015 a 8 de novembro de 2015), cinco fotos de perfil e cinco fotos de capa. As formas responsivas são analisadas de maneira quantitativa e qualitativa. A partir da relevância quantitativa de alguns resultados para analisar possibilidades teóricas e qualitativas capazes de elucidar as razões da maior frequência de alguns gêneros, sua popularidade, bem como as similaridades e diferenças entre as comunidades etnolinguísticas.
O discurso outro em narrativas ficcionais e não ficcionais
Authors: Luna Tatiana Simões , Cunha Dóris De Arruda Carneiro da
Published: December 2018

Narrativas são formas discursivas cuja natureza é propensa à manifestação da pluralidade de vozes. Tradicionalmente, os estudos de RDO têm se dedicado ao estudo da prosa literária, observando o papel do discurso outro na relação entre autor, narrador e personagem. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever e comparar as formas e caracterizações da RDO em gêneros de teor narrativo não ficcional e ficcional, com base nos estudos de Volochínov ([1929] 2007) e de Authier-Revuz ([1982] 2004, 1995, 1998, 2004, 2012, [2009] 2015): sete relatos de prática docente e cinco crônicas escritas por estudantes. O corpus é formado pelos textos vencedores do Programa Olimpíada de Língua Portuguesa Escrevendo o Futuro 2014 na categoria crônica e analisado sob o prisma metodológico qualitativo-interpretativo. Os resultados apontam que o uso mais diversificado das formas de RDO não se vincula ao caráter literário da narrativa, mas à maior autonomia discursiva do sujeito escrevente.
Perspectivas de uma escrita de si
Authors: Santos Yuri , Torga Vânia Lúcia Menezes , Cavalcante Filho Urbano
Published: December 2018

A circulação de textos em primeira pessoa que tematizam a escrita de si em tons (auto) biográficos é presença cada vez mais marcante na atualidade. Não somente em gêneros tradicionais da esfera literária, mas também sob outras formas que tem se proliferado cada vez mais numa sociedade altamente midiatizada. O presente artigo apresenta uma análise comparativa de discursos no gênero autobiografia considerando-o em relação à confluência de formas (auto) biográficas que compõem o horizonte contem-porâneo do espaço biográfico (ARFUCH, 2010). Nossa abordagem teórico-metodológica centra-se no diálogo entre estudos voltados para análise comparativa de discursos (GRILLO, GLUSHKOVA, 2016) e os postulados do círculo bakhtiniano. Pensando na esteira da metalinguística bakhtiniana, buscamos comparar construções discursivas produzidas em contextos linguísticos e extralinguísticos distintos. Nosso corpus é então composto por duas autobiografias de autores conceituados em seus respectivos contextos: Por parte de pai (1995) do brasileiro Bartolomeu Campos de Queirós e El cuarto de atrás (1978) da espanhola Carmen Martin Gaite. Obser-vamos, dentre outros pontos, que a escrita autobiográfica pode assumir diferentes configurações dentro do espectro de características de um gênero discursivo, sinalizando sua heterogeneidade discursiva.
Santa Evita : intertexto e paródia
Authors: Pereira Jane Christina
Published: December 2018

Este artigo tem por objetivo demonstrar que a estrutura do discurso em Santa Evita (1995), de Tomas Eloy Martinez, é elaborada a partir de um intertexto paródico com o novo jornalismo norte-americano ou romance-reportagem, produzido nas décadas de 1960 e 1970. A análise tem por base, principalmente, o conceito de metaficção historiográfica de Linda Hutcheon e a conceituação de Rildo Cosson a respeito do romance reportagem.
Estórias que um olhar conta: um estudo comparado entre Les Contes de Charles Perrault e Gustave Doré
Authors: Oliveira Fábio José Santos de
Published: December 2018

Em 1862, foi publicado em Paris, Les Contes de Perrault, uma edição modificada da obra Contes de ma Mère l’Oye, cuja primeira publicação data de 1697 e cuja autoria é creditada ao escritor francês Charles Perrault (1628-1703). A edição de 1862 contém quatro dezenas de ilustrações do gravurista francês Gustave Doré (1832-1883). Nosso ensaio tem por objetivo analisar algumas dessas gravuras de Doré em comparação com os contos de Perrault a que essas mesmas gravuras fazem referência. Ainda que não seja possível uma equiparação total, algumas das ilustrações apresentam um diálogo profundo com os contos referidos e nos propiciam um debate enriquecedor no que diz respeito à relação texto/imagem.
O Brasil no fogo cruzado: dois romances sobre a Segunda Guerra Mundial
Authors: Waldman Berta
Published: December 2018

Este ensaio apresenta uma leitura crítica de Guerra em surdina e Caderno italiano, duas obras de Boris Schnaiderman que contemplam relatos (ficcionais e não-ficcionais) sobre a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Com ênfase no drama histórico e no drama pessoal, expondo conflitos de quem os vivencia e pontos de vista de quem narra, mostra também como a situação da guerra carreou no relato marcas sociais e ideológicas.
Recebi a notícia da morte do meu avô na saída da aula
Authors: Chnaiderman Lucas
Published: December 2018

Memórias de Lucas Chnaiderman.
Os escombros e o mito. Um depoimento incomum
Authors: Schnaiderman Boris
Published: December 2018

Este trabalho pretende comentar o livro de Maria Prestes sobre Luís Carlos Prestes, a primeiro-secretário do Partido Comunista Brasileiro, seu marido e companheiro. Simples na expressão e na escolha lexical, ele nos traz uma surpreendente competência narrativa, oferecendo-nos uma visão humanizada do líder que nos acostumamos a ver como um homem duro e inflexível. Sempre pensamos nele como alguém que detém a última palavra, nas circunstâncias históricas em que atuou. Meu companheiro e um texto notável para melhor entender os grandes turbilhões políticos de nosso século.
Discurso proferido quando da entrega do título de Professor Emérito (USP)
Authors: Schnaiderman Boris
Published: December 2018

Discurso proferido por Boris Schnaiderman.
Cinco Poemas
Authors: Schnaiderman Boris
Published: December 2018

Seleção de poemas traduzidos por Boris Schnaiderman e Nelson Ascher.
Pormenores violentos: Boris Schnaiderman, crítico
Authors: Gomide Bruno Barreto
Published: December 2018

Este artigo traça um roteiro preliminar da atividade de Boris Schnaiderman como crítico literário. Indico, em primeiro lugar, a escassa recepção crítica da sua obra. Em seguida, comento as linhas gerais do seu repertório, e concluo apontando a sua preferência pelo fragmento e por um método crítico que unia jornalismo e universidade.
Cervantes: dom Quixote e Sancho Pança – fragmentos de uma aprendizagem deleitosa
Authors: Vieira Maria Augusta Da Costa
Published: December 2018

O presente trabalho tem a preocupação de destacar nas andanças de dom Quixote e Sancho Pança um processo implícito de formação educacional presente nas relações entre o cavaleiro e seu escudeiro, em outros termos, um intelectual e um analfabeto. Antes disso, cabe retomar a possível formação que teve Cervantes na Espanha do século XVI, assim como destacar alguns dos princípios de composição poética vigentes no período.
Grande Sertão: Veredas, a formação pelo amor
Authors: Lima Débora Domke Ribeiro
Published: December 2018

O trabalho propõe ao leitor acompanhar o percurso de formação do protagonista de Grande sertão: Veredas mediante a experiência do amor. Com o objetivo de analisar como esse sentimento promove em Riobaldo o aprendizado, o estudo descortina, por meio da constatação do pacto e pela busca do sentido da vida, seu constante processo de transformação interior.
Goethe, o Meister: a experiência artística como narrativa da falha
Authors: Maas Wilma Patricia
Published: December 2018

Este artigo pretende traçar um paralelo entre a formação de Goethe na Itália como aspirante à artista plástico e a formação estética do protagonista Wilhelm Meister. Ambas a trajetórias se dão, em última instância, sob o signo da falha e da renúncia.
O conto da Aia, de Margaret Atwood (1985): Antiutopia, ovários e uma história social do tempo
Authors: Zanezi Juliana Cristina
Published: December 2018

Professora de literatura inglesa, a autora canadense Margaret Atwood, famosa por sua extensa obra literária com protagonismo de mulheres fortes, aventura-se pelo gênero da ficção científica ao publicar o romance “The Handmaid’s Tale” em 1985. Sendo um sucesso de crítica e vendas, é amplamente reconhecido por sua reprimenda a valores tradicionais da sociedade patriarcal, em especial cristã, e ao feminismo da chamada Segunda Onda. Característico de um movimento literário distópico e de finais da Guerra Fria, Atwood concebe um sistema político que é facilmente reconhecível por suas características e premissas muito próximas às observadas nos dias atuais, baseado na coisificação das mulheres e estipulando seus valores a depender de suas funções biológicas naturalizadas. O presente artigo preocupou-se em diagnosticar e qualificar algumas facetas temporais presentes no romance, localizando-o dentro do campo de uma História Social do Tempo[1]. Com isso, selecionei três principais vieses para melhor entendimento do romance: a estruturação de uma distopia anti-utópica de Gilead, que é uma espécie de teocracia cristã do século XXI; os tempos biológicos humanos, principalmente femininos; e os usos do passado e da História dentro do romance. Para tanto, dialogo com diversos autores familiares ao gênero de ficção científica, distopias e história dos conceitos, além de artigos sobre feminismo e suas facetas, relógios biológicos e literatura.

[1] Campo explorado no curso de graduação intitulado História Social do Tempo, ministrado pelo professor doutor João Paulo Garrido Pimenta no segundo semestre de 2017, no Departamento de História da FFLCH-USP.
Tradição e Modernidade na Família Oitocentista
Authors: Nicolette Carlos Eduardo
Published: December 2018

Resenha do livro As Memórias da Viscondessa: família e poder no Brasil Império, de Mariana de Aguiar Ferreira Muaze.