bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioactivity and Sensory Properties of Probiotic Yogurt Fortified with Apple Pomace Flour
Authors: Jovanović Marina , Petrović Marija , Miočinović Jelena , Zlatanović Snežana , Laličić Petronijević Jovanka , Mitić-Ćulafić Dragana , Gorjanović Stanislava
Published: June 2020

To meet the demand for new functional foods in line with the trend of sustainable development, a novel probiotic yogurt fortified with 1%, 3%, and 5% apple pomace flour (APF) added immediately after inoculation with Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Bifidobacterium bifidum was developed. Upon fermentation in the presence of APF, a number of probiotic strains remained within the required range, while the syneresis of enriched yogurts was reduced up to 1.8 times in comparison to the control. Supernatants (i.e., extracted whey) obtained from yogurts with 1%, 3%, and 5% APF respectively had 1.4-, 1.8-, and 2.3-fold higher total phenolic content (TPC) than the control, 3.3-, 4.7-, and 8.0-fold higher radical scavenging (DPPH), and 1.3-, 1.6-, and 1.7-fold higher reducing activity (FRAP). Also, probiotic yogurt supernatants (3% and 5%) inhibited colon cancer cells’ viability (HCT 116, 12% and 17%; SW-620, 13% and 19%, respectively). The highest firmness, cohesiveness, and viscosity index values, and the highest scores for color and taste, were obtained for yogurt with 3% APF, indicating that this is the optimal APF amount for the production of novel yogurt with functional properties.
Insights into the Mn2+ Binding Site in the Agmatinase-Like Protein (ALP): A Critical Enzyme for the Regulation of Agmatine Levels in Mammals
Authors: Reyes María-Belen , Martínez-Oyanedel José , Navarrete Camila , Mardones Erika , Martínez Ignacio , Salas Mónica , López Vasthi , García-Robles María , Tarifeño-Saldivia Estefania , Figueroa Maximiliano , García David , Uribe Elena
Published: June 2020

Agmatine is a neurotransmitter with anticonvulsant, anti-neurotoxic and antidepressant-like effects, in addition it has hypoglycemic actions. Agmatine is converted to putrescine and urea by agmatinase (AGM) and by an agmatinase-like protein (ALP), a new type of enzyme which is present in human and rodent brain tissues. Recombinant rat brain ALP is the only mammalian protein that exhibits significant agmatinase activity in vitro and generates putrescine under in vivo conditions. ALP, despite differing in amino acid sequence from all members of the ureohydrolase family, is strictly dependent on Mn2+ for catalytic activity. However, the Mn2+ ligands have not yet been identified due to the lack of structural information coupled with the low sequence identity that ALPs display with known ureohydrolases. In this work, we generated a structural model of the Mn2+ binding site of the ALP and we propose new putative Mn2+ ligands. Then, we cloned and expressed a sequence of 210 amino acids, here called the “central-ALP”, which include the putative ligands of Mn2+. The results suggest that the central-ALP is catalytically active, as agmatinase, with an unaltered Km for agmatine and a decreased kcat. Similar to wild-type ALP, central-ALP is activated by Mn2+ with a similar affinity. Besides, a simple mutant D217A, a double mutant E288A/K290A, and a triple mutant N213A/Q215A/D217A of these putative Mn2+ ligands result on the loss of ALP agmatinase activity. Our results indicate that the central-ALP contains the active site for agmatine hydrolysis, as well as that the residues identified are relevant for the ALP catalysis.
Robotic-Assisted Simple Prostatectomy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kordan Yakup , Canda Abdullah Erdem , Köseoğlu Ersin , Balbay Derya , Laguna M. Pilar , de la Rosette Jean
Published: June 2020

Contemporary minimally invasive surgical (MIS) treatment options of patients with male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) in men with prostate glands >80 mL include Holmium Laser Enucleation Prostate (HoLEP), Thulium laser VapoEnucleation Prostate (ThuVEP), and Laparoscopic (LSP) or Robotic-Assisted Simple Prostatectomy (RASP). Implementing new laser technologies is costly, and the steep learning curve of these laser techniques limit their wide range use. This promoted the use of LSP and RASP in centers with readily established laparoscopy or robotic surgery programs. The aim of this study is to review case and comparative series of RASP. We systematically reviewed published data from 2008 to 2020 on RASP and have identified 26 non-comparative and 9 comparative case series. RASP has longer operation time but less time spent in hospital and less blood loss. The outcomes of improvements in symptom score, post-voiding residual urine (PVR), postoperative PSA decline, complications, and cost are similar when compared to open and laser enucleation techniques. These outcomes position RASP as a viable MIS treatment option for patients with male LUTS needing surgical treatment for enlarged prostates. Nevertheless, prospective, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with multicenter and large sample size are needed to confirm the findings of this systematic review.
DSC Brain Perfusion Using Advanced Deconvolution Models in the Diagnostic Work-Up of Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Semiquantitative Comparison with HMPAO-SPECT-Brain Perfusion
Authors: Schmidt Manuel , Engelhorn Tobias , Lang Stefan , Luecking Hannes , Hoelter Philip , Fröhlich Kilian , Ritt Philipp , Maler Juan , Kuwert Torsten , Kornhuber Johannes , Doerfler Arnd
Published: June 2020

Background: SPECT (single-photon emission-computed tomography) is used for the detection of hypoperfusion in cognitive impairment and dementia but is not widely available and related to radiation dose exposure. We compared the performance of DSC (dynamic susceptibility contrast) perfusion using semi- and fully adaptive deconvolution models to HMPAO-SPECT (99mTc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime-SPECT). Material and Methods: Twenty-seven patients with dementia of different subtypes including frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) received a multimodal diagnostic work-up including DSC perfusion at a clinical 3T high-field scanner and HMPAO-SPECT. Nineteen healthy control individuals received DSC perfusion. For calculation of the hemodynamic parameter maps, oscillation-index standard truncated singular value decomposition (oSVD, semi-adaptive) as well as Bayesian parameter estimation (BAY, fully adaptive) were performed. Results: Patients showed decreased cortical perfusion in the left frontal lobe compared to controls (relative cerebral blood volume corrected, rBVc: 0.37 vs. 0.27, p = 0.048, adjusted for age and sex). Performance of rBVc (corrected for T1 effects) was highest compared to SPECT for detection of frontal hypoperfusion (sensitivity 83%, specificity 80% for oSVD and BAY, area under curve (AUC) = 0.833 respectively, p < 0.05) in FTD and MCI. For nonleakage-corrected rBV and for rBF (relative cerebral blood flow), sensitivity of frontal hypoperfusion was above 80% for oSVD and for BAY (rBV: sensitivity 83%, specificity 75%, AUC = 0.908 for oSVD and 0.917 for BAY, p < 0.05 respectively; rBF: sensitivity 83%, specificity 65%, AUC = 0.825, p < 0.05 for oSVD). Conclusion: Advanced deconvolution DSC can reliably detect pathological perfusion alterations in FTD and MCI. Hence, this widely accessible technique has the potential to improve the diagnosis of dementia and MCI as part of an interdisciplinary multimodal imaging work-up. Advances in knowledge: Advanced DSC perfusion has a high potential in the work-up of suspected dementia and correlates with SPECT brain perfusion results in dementia and MCI.
Effects of Topside Structures and Wind Profile on Wind Tunnel Testing of FPSO Vessel Models
Authors: Lee Seungho , Lee Sanghun , Kwon Soon-Duck
Published: June 2020

This study examined the effects of wind loads on a floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) vessel, focusing in particular on the impact of the turbulent wind profiles, the level of details of the topside structures, and the operation modes of the gantry cranes. A series of wind tunnel tests were performed on the FPSO vessel model, developed with a scale of 1:200. It was observed that the wind loads measured using a low-detail model were often greater than those measured using a high-detail model. The measured wind loads corresponding to the Norwegian Maritime Directorate (NMD) profile with an exponent of 0.14, were approximately 19% greater than those corresponding to the Frøya profile in the entire range of wind directions, because of the slightly higher mean wind speeds of the NMD profile. The wind forces increased by up to 8.6% when the cranes were at operating mode compared to when they were at parking mode. In view of the observations made regarding the detail level of the tested models, a medium-level detail FPSO model can be considered adequate for the wind tunnel testing if a high-detail model is not available.
Modelling Sector-Level Asset Prices
Authors: Tulloch Daniel J. , Diaz-Rainey Ivan , Premachandra I. M.
Published: June 2020

We present a modelling approach for sector asset pricing studies that incorporates sector-level risk factors, subgroup portfolios, and structural breakpoint tests that are better at isolating the time-varying nature and the firm-specific component of returns. Our results show considerable subsector heterogeneity, while the asset pricing model using local risk factors and inductive structural breaks results in a superior model ( R 2 of 80.42% relative to R 2 of 68.79% of “conventional” models). Finally, we show that some of the variances of residuals, normally assumed to be the firm-specific component of returns, can be attributed to the changing relationship between sector returns and risk factors.
A Certain Mean Square Value Involving Dirichlet L-Functions
Authors: Zhang Wenpeng , Han Di
Published: June 2020

The main purpose of this article is using the elementary methods, the properties of Dirichlet L-functions to study the computational problem of a certain mean square value involving Dirichlet L-functions at positive integer points, and give some exact calculating formulae. As some applications, we obtain some interesting identities and inequalities involving character sums and trigonometric sums.
Better Approaches for n-Times Differentiable Convex Functions
Authors: Agarwal Praveen , Kadakal Mahir , İşcan İmdat , Chu Yu-Ming
Published: June 2020

In this work, by using an integral identity together with the Hölder–İşcan inequality we establish several new inequalities for n-times differentiable convex and concave mappings. Furthermore, various applications for some special means as arithmetic, geometric, and logarithmic are given.
An Exploratory Study of Quality of Life and Its Relationship with Academic Performance among Students in Medical and other Health Professions
Authors: Chattu Vijay Kumar , Sahu Pradeep Kumar , Seedial Neela , Seecharan Gerlisa , Seepersad Amanda , Seunarine Melina , Sieunarine Shivanna , Seymour Kahamaron , Simboo Samantha , Singh Arissa
Published: June 2020

Quality of life (QOL) is a broader concept which represents experiences, states, appraisals, behaviors, capacities and emotional reactions to circumstances. The study aimed to evaluate the differences in various domains of QOL among the students of five schools (medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine, pharmacy and nursing) and an optometry unit in the Faculty of Medical Sciences, Trinidad and Tobago. Further, the study evaluated the factors (sociodemographic variables and academic performance) predictive of physical, psychological, social and environment domains of quality of life. The research tool consisted of a validated questionnaire which had two sections; (1) sociodemographics inclusive of students’ cumulative grade point average and (2) the shorter version of WHO quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF). The data were transformed into a linear scale and exported into the IBM SPSS version 24 where t-tests, one-way ANOVA and stepwise regression were performed. Of the total 535 participants, most 383 (71.6%) were females. While comparing the differences in the domains of QOL that existed based on the schools (professions) they were enrolled, significant differences were recorded for physical (p < 0.05), psychological (p < 0.05) social (p < 0.05) and environmental domains (p < 0.05). Though the domains of physical health, psychological health and environment showed a significant association with the academic performance of students, the social domain had no such relationship. The overall quality of life has a positive connection with the academic performance of students in medical and health professions. Therefore, universities and all stakeholders involved in health professions need to play a critical role to ensure the students in health professions maintain a high QOL. At the same time, there is a great need for extra attention for students who showed poor academic performance in the previous semester to bring them on track.
Heterogeneous Distribution of Microstrain Evolved During Tensile Deformation of Polycrystalline Plain Low Carbon Steel
Authors: Qiu Hai , Ueji Rintaro , Kimura Yuuji , Inoue Tadanobu
Published: June 2020

On a macroscale, the stress–strain curve of polycrystalline steel exhibits perfectly linear behavior in the elastic tension region. We observed that the strain distribution within grains is inhomogeneous in the range of the elastic deformation region. Microstrain concentrates at some local sites which are at and near the grain boundaries or in the interior of the grains. The microstrain is pseudo-periodic, and its period increases with applied stress, tending to approach the grain size. In addition to the tension-strain concentration, the compression-strain concentration is even present in the elastic region. The pseudo-periodic and inhomogeneous microstrain is attributed to the orientation heterogeneity of grains in polycrystalline steel.
Phase Transformation and Dissolution Behavior of Pyrite in the Roasting-Sulfuric Acid Leaching Process of Vanadium-Bearing Stone Coal
Authors: Wang Xingjie , Zhang Yimin , Liu Tao , Yuan Yizhong
Published: June 2020

The selective leaching of vanadium and iron has been one of the main concerns in the field of vanadium recovery from stone coal, but the source of iron ions and their release characteristics were still unclear. In this work, the dissolution of pyrite and its roasted product, under conditions in accordance with the vanadium leaching process from stone coal by blank roasting-acid leaching, were studied. The results indicated that the leaching performances of V and Fe in stone coal were significantly correlated, with both depending on the leaching parameters of the H2SO4 concentration, the leaching temperature, the leaching time and the solid to liquid ratio. Under air conditions, with a roasting temperature of 700 °C, the roasted product of pyrite was hematite. Approximately 45% of the roasted product dissolved at its optimal leaching condition—35% higher than that of the raw pyrite. However, any further improvement was difficult, due to the difference in texture between its outer sphere and inner core. The results demonstrated that the roasting treatment led to a significant increase in the release of iron ions during the vanadium leaching process. The pre-removal of pyrite from the raw ore was necessary to reduce the concentration of iron ions in the leachate.
Electron Spin Relaxation of Photoexcited Porphyrin in Water—Glycerol Glass
Authors: Sannikova Natalya , Timofeev Ivan , Bagryanskaya Elena , Bowman Michael , Fedin Matvey , Krumkacheva Olesya
Published: June 2020

Recently, the photoexcited triplet state of porphyrin was proposed as a promising spin-label for pulsed dipolar electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Herein, we report the factors that determine the electron spin echo dephasing of the photoexcited porphyrin in a water–glycerol matrix. The electron spin relaxation of a water-soluble porphyrin was measured by Q-band EPR, and the temperature dependence and the effect of solvent deuteration on the relaxation times were studied. The phase memory relaxation rate (1/Tm) is noticeably affected by solvent nuclei and is substantially faster in protonated solvents than in deuterated solvents. The Tm is as large as 13–17 μs in deuterated solvent, potentially expanding the range of distances available for measurement by dipole spectroscopy with photoexcited porphyrin. The 1/Tm depends linearly on the degree of solvent deuteration and can be used to probe the environment of a porphyrin in or near a biopolymer, including the solvent accessibility of porphyrins used in photodynamic therapy. We characterized the noncovalent binding of porphyrin to human serum albumin (HSA) from 1/Tm and electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) and found that porphyrin is quite exposed to solvent on the surface of HSA. The 1/Tm and ESEEM are equally effective and provide complementary methods to determine the solvent accessibility of a porphyrin bound to protein or to determine the location of the porphyrin.
Ultraviolet Carbon Nanodots Providing a Dual-Mode Spectral Matching Platform for Synergistic Enhancement of the Fluorescent Sensing
Authors: Sai Liman , Jiao Shuping , Yang Jianwen
Published: June 2020

The sensing of chromium(VI) (Cr(VI)) is highly desired, due to its toxic and carcinogenic effects upon human health. Fluorescent probes, especially carbon nanodots (CNDs), have been widely used for Cr(VI) sensing via the inner filter effect (IFE). However, improving the sensitivity of these probes remains a difficult issue. In this work, CNDs derived from β-Lactoglobulin were applied as an ultrasensitive fluorescent probe for Cr(VI). With 260 nm excitation, the CNDs showed multi-band emission, including an ultraviolet 360 nm peak. The spectral matching of the CNDs with Cr(VI) led to synergistic suppression of both the excitation and emission light in the fluorescent sensing. As a consequence, the CNDs showed high sensitivity toward Cr(VI), the detection limit reaching as low as 20 nM. Moreover, taking advantage of the multi-emissive property of the CNDs, the synergistic effect was proven in an IFE-based sensing system, which might be extended to the design of other kinds of fluorescent probes.
High Hydrostatic Pressure-Assisted Enzymatic Hydrolysis Affect Mealworm Allergenic Proteins
Authors: Boukil Abir , Perreault Véronique , Chamberland Julien , Mezdour Samir , Pouliot Yves , Doyen Alain
Published: June 2020

Edible insects have garnered increased interest as alternative protein sources due to the world’s growing population. However, the allergenicity of specific insect proteins is a major concern for both industry and consumers. This preliminary study investigated the capacity of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) coupled to enzymatic hydrolysis by Alcalase® or pepsin in order to improve the in vitro digestion of mealworm proteins, specifically allergenic proteins. Pressurization was applied as pretreatment before in vitro digestion or, simultaneously, during hydrolysis. The degree of hydrolysis was compared between the different treatments and a mass spectrometry-based proteomic method was used to determine the efficiency of allergenic protein hydrolysis. Only the Alcalase® hydrolysis under pressure improved the degree of hydrolysis of mealworm proteins. Moreover, the in vitro digestion of the main allergenic proteins was increased by pressurization conditions that were specifically coupled to pepsin hydrolysis. Consequently, HHP-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis represents an alternative strategy to conventional hydrolysis for generating a large amount of peptide originating from allergenic mealworm proteins, and for lowering their immunoreactivity, for food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical applications.
Cyperus articulatus L. (Cyperaceae) Rhizome Essential Oil Causes Cell Cycle Arrest in the G2/M Phase and Cell Death in HepG2 Cells and Inhibits the Development of Tumors in a Xenograft Model
Authors: Nogueira Mateus L. , Lima Emilly J. S. P. de , Adrião Asenate A. X. , Fontes Sheila S. , Silva Valdenizia R. , Santos Luciano de S. , Soares Milena B. P. , Dias Rosane B. , Rocha Clarissa A. Gurgel , Costa Emmanoel V. , Silva Felipe M. A. da , Vannier-Santos Marcos A. , Cardozo Nállarett M. D. , Koolen Hector H. F. , Bezerra Daniel P.
Published: June 2020

Cyperus articulatus L. (Cyperaceae), popularly known in Brazil as “priprioca” or “piriprioca”, is a tropical and subtropical plant used in popular medical practices to treat many diseases, including cancer. In this study, C. articulatus rhizome essential oil (EO), collected from the Brazilian Amazon rainforest, was addressed in relation to its chemical composition, induction of cell death in vitro and inhibition of tumor development in vivo, using human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells as a cell model. EO was obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus and characterized qualitatively and quantitatively by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID), respectively. The cytotoxic activity of EO was examined against five cancer cell lines (HepG2, HCT116, MCF-7, HL-60 and B16-F10) and one non-cancerous one (MRC-5) using the Alamar blue assay. Cell cycle distribution and cell death were investigated using flow cytometry in HepG2 cells treated with EO after 24, 48 and 72 h of incubation. The cells were also stained with May–Grunwald–Giemsa to analyze the morphological changes. The anti-liver-cancer activity of EO in vivo was evaluated in C.B-17 severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice with HepG2 cell xenografts. The main representative substances of this EO sample were muskatone (11.6%), cyclocolorenone (10.3%), α-pinene (8.26%), pogostol (6.36%), α-copaene (4.83%) and caryophyllene oxide (4.82%). EO showed IC50 values for cancer cell lines ranging from 28.5 µg/mL for HepG2 to >50 µg/mL for HCT116, and an IC50 value for non-cancerous of 46.0 µg/mL (MRC-5), showing selectivity indices below 2-fold for all cancer cells tested. HepG2 cells treated with EO showed cell cycle arrest at G2/M along with internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. The morphological alterations included cell shrinkage and chromatin condensation. Treatment with EO also increased the percentage of apoptotic-like cells. The in vivo tumor mass inhibition rates of EO were 46.5–50.0%. The results obtained indicate the anti-liver-cancer potential of C. articulatus rhizome EO.
Highly Catalytic Electrochemical Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide on Iridium Nanotubes: Amperometric Sensing of Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Yu Areum , Kwon Taehui , Lee Chongmok , Lee Youngmi
Published: June 2020

The nanotubular structures of IrO2 and Ir metal were successfully synthesized without any template. First, IrO2 nanotubes were prepared by electrospinning and post-calcination, where a fine control of synthetic conditions (e.g., precursor concentration and solvent composition in electrospinning solution, temperature increasing rate for calcination) was required. Then, a further thermal treatment of IrO2 nanotubes under hydrogen gas atmosphere produced Ir metal nanotubes. The electroactivity of the resultant Ir metal nanotubes was investigated toward carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and amperometry. The anodic current response of Ir metal nanotubes was linearly proportional to CO concentration change, with a high sensitivity and a short response time. The amperometric sensitivity of Ir metal nanotubes for CO sensing was greater than a nanofibrous counterpart (i.e., Ir metal nanofibers) and commercial Pt (20 wt% Pt loading on carbon). Density functional theory calculations support stronger CO adsorption on Ir(111) than Pt(111). This study demonstrates that metallic Ir in a nanotubular structure is a good electrode material for the amperometric sensing of CO.
The Role of Vitamin D in the Development of Diabetes Post Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Keller Amélie , Varela Vazquez Carmen , Dangol Rojina , Damm Peter , Heitmann Berit Lilienthal , Händel Mina Nicole
Published: June 2020

Women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are more likely to later develop diabetes. Evidence from some previous reviews suggests that low vitamin D status during pregnancy increases the risk of developing GDM, but whether vitamin D during pregnancy also influences the risk of diabetes post GDM is less well studied. Thus, the aim of this systematic literature review was to summarize the current available literature on that topic. This review considered observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Five databases were searched. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed. A total of six studies were included: three observational studies and three RCTs. Findings were inconsistent across the six included studies. However, when considering RCTs only, the findings more strongly suggested that vitamin D supplementation during and after pregnancy did not have an influence on markers of diabetes development or diabetes development post GDM. This systematic review highlights inconsistent findings on the associations between vitamin D supplementation or concentration during and after pregnancy and markers of diabetes development or diabetes development post GDM; and although results from randomized interventional studies more strongly suggested no associations, the conclusion holds a high degree of uncertainty.
Molecular Simulations of PEGylated Biomolecules, Liposomes, and Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery Applications
Authors: Lee Hwankyu
Published: June 2020

Since the first polyethylene glycol (PEG)ylated protein was approved by the FDA in 1990, PEGylation has been successfully applied to develop drug delivery systems through experiments, but these experimental results are not always easy to interpret at the atomic level because of the limited resolution of experimental techniques. To determine the optimal size, structure, and density of PEG for drug delivery, the structure and dynamics of PEGylated drug carriers need to be understood close to the atomic scale, as can be done using molecular dynamics simulations, assuming that these simulations can be validated by successful comparisons to experiments. Starting with the development of all-atom and coarse-grained PEG models in 1990s, PEGylated drug carriers have been widely simulated. In particular, recent advances in computer performance and simulation methodologies have allowed for molecular simulations of large complexes of PEGylated drug carriers interacting with other molecules such as anticancer drugs, plasma proteins, membranes, and receptors, which makes it possible to interpret experimental observations at a nearly atomistic resolution, as well as help in the rational design of drug delivery systems for applications in nanomedicine. Here, simulation studies on the following PEGylated drug topics will be reviewed: proteins and peptides, liposomes, and nanoparticles such as dendrimers and carbon nanotubes.
Effect of Oxaliplatin on Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels in Peripheral Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Kim Woojin
Published: June 2020

Oxaliplatin is a chemotherapeutic drug widely used to treat various types of tumors. However, it can induce a serious peripheral neuropathy characterized by cold and mechanical allodynia that can even disrupt the treatment schedule. Since the approval of the agent, many laboratories, including ours, have focused their research on finding a drug or method to decrease this side effect. However, to date no drug that can effectively reduce the pain without causing any adverse events has been developed, and the mechanism of the action of oxaliplatin is not clearly understood. On the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) sensory neurons, oxaliplatin is reported to modify their functions, such as the propagation of the action potential and induction of neuropathic pain. Voltage-gated sodium channels in the DRG neurons are important, as they play a major role in the excitability of the cell by initiating the action potential. Thus, in this small review, eight studies that investigated the effect of oxaliplatin on sodium channels of peripheral neurons have been included. Its effects on the duration of the action potential, peak of the sodium current, voltage–response relationship, inactivation current, and sensitivity to tetrodotoxin (TTX) are discussed.
A Raroc Valuation Scheme for Loans and Its Application in Loan Origination
Authors: Engelmann Bernd , Pham Ha
Published: June 2020

In this article, a risk-adjusted return on capital (RAROC) valuation scheme for loans is derived. The critical assumption throughout the article is that no market information on a borrower’s credit quality like bond or CDS (Credit Default Swap) spreads is available. Therefore, market-based approaches are not applicable, and an alternative combining market and statistical information is needed. The valuation scheme aims to derive the individual cost components of a loan which facilitates the allocation to a bank’s operational units. After its introduction, a theoretical analysis of the scheme linking the level of interest rates and borrower default probabilities shows that a bank should only originate a loan, when the interest rate a borrower is willing to accept is inside the profitability range for this client. This range depends on a bank’s internal profitability target and is always a finite interval only or could even be empty if a borrower’s credit quality is too low. Aside from analyzing the theoretical properties of the scheme, we show how it can be directly applied in the daily loan origination process of a bank.
Detection of Low RCS Supersonic Flying Targets with a High-Resolution MMW Radar
Authors: Balal Nezah , Balal Yael , Richter Yair , Pinhasi Yosef
Published: June 2020

In this study, the detection of a low radar cross-section (RCS) target moving at a very high speed using a high-resolution millimeter-wave radar is presented. This real-time detection is based on the transmission of a continuous wave and heterodyning of the received signal reflected from the moving target. This type of detection enables one to extract the object’s movement characteristics, such as velocity and position, while in motion and also to extract its physical characteristics. In this paper, we describe the detection of a fired bullet using a radar operating at an extremely high-frequency band. This allowed us to employ a low sampling rate which enabled the use of inexpensive and straightforward equipment, including the use of small antennas that allow velocity detection at high resolution and with low atmospheric absorption.
Development, Characterisation and High-Temperature Suitability of Thin-Film Strain Gauges Directly Deposited with a New Sputter Coating System
Authors: Klaas Daniel , Ottermann Rico , Dencker Folke , Wurz Marc Christopher
Published: June 2020

New sensor and sensor manufacturing technologies are identified as a key factor for a successful digitalisation and are therefore economically important for manufacturers and industry. To address various requirements, a new sputter coating system has been invented at the Institute of Micro Production Technology. It enables the deposition of sensor systems directly onto technical surfaces. Compared to commercially available systems, it has no spatial limitations concerning the maximum coatable component size. Moreover, it enables a simultaneous structuring of deposited layers. Within this paper, characterisation techniques, results and challenges concerning directly deposited thin film strain gauges with the new sputter coating system are presented. Constantan (CuNiMn 54/45/1) and NiCr 80/20 are used as sensor materials. The initial resistance, temperature coefficient of resistance and gauge factor/k-factor of quarter-bridge strain gauges are characterised. The influence of a protective layer on sensor behaviour and layer adhesion is investigated as well. Moreover, the temperature compensation quality of directly deposited half-bridge strain gauges is evaluated, optimised with an external trimming technology and benchmarked against commercial strain gauges. Finally, the suitability for high-temperature strain measurement is investigated. Results show a maximum operation temperature of at least 400 °C, which is above the current state-of-the-art of commercial foil-based metal strain gauges.
Advancing Therapies for Cancer—From Mustard Gas to CAR T
Authors: Jarrell Dillon K. , Drake Seth , Brown Mark A.
Published: June 2020

The development of targeted therapeutics for cancer continues to receive intense research attention as laboratories and pharmaceutical companies seek to develop drugs and technologies that improve treatment efficacy and mitigate harmful side effects. In the aftermath of World War I, it was discovered that mustard gas destroys rapidly dividing cells and could be used to treat cancer. Since then, chemotherapy has remained a predominant treatment for cancer; however, the destruction of dividing cells throughout the body yields devastating side effects including off-target damage of the digestive tract, bone marrow, skin, and reproductive tract. Furthermore, the high mutation rate of cancerous cells often renders chemotherapy ineffective long-term. Therapies with improved specificity, localization, and efficacy are redefining cancer treatment. Herein, we define and summarize the principal advancements in targeted cancer treatment and briefly comment on the march towards personalized medicine in the treatment of human cancer.
A Data-driven Approach for Sustainable Building Retrofit—A Case Study of Different Climate Zones in China
Authors: He Qiong , Ng S. Thomas , Hossain Md. Uzzal , Augenbroe Godfried L.
Published: June 2020

This study presents a data-driven retrofitting approach by systematically analyzing the energy performance of existing high-rise residential buildings using a normative calculation logic-based simulation method. To demonstrate the practicality of the approach, typical existing buildings in five climate zones of China are analyzed based on the local building characteristics and climatic conditions. The results show that the total energy consumption is 544 kWh/m2/year in the severe cold zone, which is slightly higher than that in the cold zone (519 kWh/m2/year), but double that in the hot summer and cold winter zone, three times higher than that in the warm zone, and five times above that in the temperate zone. The dominant energy needs in different climatic zones are distinctive. The identified potentially suitable retrofitting measures are important in reducing large-scale energy consumption and can be used in supporting sustainable retrofit decisions for existing high-rise residential buildings in different climatic zones.
A Period-Aware Hybrid Model Applied for Forecasting AQI Time Series
Authors: Wang Ping , Feng Hongyinping , Zhang Guisheng , Yu Daizong
Published: June 2020

An accurate, reliable and stable air quality prediction system is conducive to the public health and management of atmospheric ecological environment; therefore, many models, individual or hybrid, have been implemented widely to deal with the prediction problem. However, many of these models do not take into consideration or extract improperly the period information in air quality index (AQI) time series, which impacts the models’ learning efficiency greatly. In this paper, a period extraction algorithm is proposed by using a Luenberger observer, and then a novel period-aware hybrid model combined the period extraction algorithm and tradition time series models is build to exploit the comprehensive forecasting capacity to the AQI time series with nonlinear and non-stationary noise. The hybrid model requires a multi-phase implementation. In the first step, the Luenberger observer is used to estimate the implied period function in the one-dimensional AQI series, and then the analyzed time series is mapped to the period space through the function to obtain the period information sub-series of the original series. In the second step, the period sub-series is combined with the original input vector as input vector components according to the time points to establish a new data set. Finally, the new data set containing period information is applied to train the traditional time series prediction models. Both theoretical proof and experimental results obtained on the AQI hour values of Beijing, Tianjin, Taiyuan and Shijiazhuang in North China prove that the hybrid model with period information presents stronger robustness and better forecasting accuracy than the traditional benchmark models.
RNAseq Analysis of Rhizomania-Infected Sugar Beet Provides the First Genome Sequence of Beet Necrotic Yellow Vein Virus from the USA and Identifies a Novel Alphanecrovirus and Putative Satellite Viruses
Authors: Weiland John J. , Sharma Poudel Roshan , Flobinus Alyssa , Cook David E. , Secor Gary A. , Bolton Melvin D.
Published: June 2020

“Rhizomania” of sugar beet is a soilborne disease complex comprised of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) and its plasmodiophorid vector, Polymyxa betae. Although BNYVV is considered the causal agent of rhizomania, additional viruses frequently accompany BNYVV in diseased roots. In an effort to better understand the virus cohort present in sugar beet roots exhibiting rhizomania disease symptoms, five independent RNA samples prepared from diseased beet seedlings reared in a greenhouse or from field-grown adult sugar beet plants and enriched for virus particles were subjected to RNAseq. In all but a healthy control sample, the technique was successful at identifying BNYVV and provided sequence reads of sufficient quantity and overlap to assemble > 98% of the published genome of the virus. Utilizing the derived consensus sequence of BNYVV, infectious RNA was produced from cDNA clones of RNAs 1 and 2. The approach also enabled the detection of beet soilborne mosaic virus (BSBMV), beet soilborne virus (BSBV), beet black scorch virus (BBSV), and beet virus Q (BVQ), with near-complete genome assembly afforded to BSBMV and BBSV. In one field sample, a novel virus sequence of 3682 nt was assembled with significant sequence similarity and open reading frame (ORF) organization to members within the subgenus Alphanecrovirus (genus Necrovirus; family Tombusviridae). Construction of a DNA clone based on this sequence led to the production of the novel RNA genome in vitro that was capable of inducing local lesion formation on leaves of Chenopodium quinoa. Additionally, two previously unreported satellite viruses were revealed in the study; one possessing weak similarity to satellite maize white line mosaic virus and a second possessing moderate similarity to satellite tobacco necrosis virus C. Taken together, the approach provides an efficient pipeline to characterize variation in the BNYVV genome and to document the presence of other viruses potentially associated with disease severity or the ability to overcome resistance genes used for sugar beet rhizomania disease management.
Comparison of objective indicators of various properties of photocomposite materials with the subjective assessment of dentists
Authors: Skripkina G. I. , Garifullina A. Zh. , Breslavskaja E. A.
Published: June 2020

Relevance. Composite materials of light curing have a large number of indications for use and are actively used by dentists in clinical practice. The properties of these materials differ from their composition and the size of the filler. We conducted a survey of dentists of general practitioners of public and private dental clinics in Omsk to determine compliance, objective indicators of physico-chemical parameters of the studied composite materials and their subjective assessment by doctors using these materials in their work.

Purpose. Comparison of objective indicators of various properties of photocomposite materials with the subjective assessment of dentists.

Materials and methods. The study of the physicochemical properties of light-cured composite materials most commonly used in the practice of Omsk dentists in public and private clinics. A research design was developed and a survey of 148 dentists in Omsk was conducted to determine the subjective assessment of these materials.

Results. A comparative analysis of the objective and subjective indicators of composite materials.

Conclusions. The physicochemical parameters of the photocomposite materials are fully consistent with the subjective assessment of dentists in Omsk.
Os desafios da Educação Ambiental no setor agropecuário diante da mudança do clima
Authors: Veçozzi Thais Antolini , Sousa Marco Antônio Simões de
Published: June 2020

A agropecuária desempenha um duplo papel no contexto da mudança do clima, pois emite gases de efeito estufa, enquanto o solo utilizado pode funcionar como um sequestrador de carbono. Assim, o presente estudo buscou entender como a educação ambiental nesse setor pode ajudar a enfrentar a mudança do clima. Percebeu-se que é por meio da Educação Ambiental que se espera gerar mudança de pensamento e de ações daqueles que trabalham e administram a terra. No entanto, a realidade de pequenos e grandes produtores difere, sendo importante que as ações alternativas para reduzir as emissões de gases de efeito estufa foquem no que é importante para os produtores, mesmo que para alguns o aspecto econômico tenha mais valor.
Uma lição de sustentabilidade dos ribeirinhos do paraná do Limão, Parintins (AM)
Authors: Ferreira Alberto Luiz Silva
Published: June 2020

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de analisar o modo de agricultura familiar desenvolvido pelos agricultores estabelecidos em ecossistema de várzea na comunidade de Nossa Senhora de Nazaré, no paraná do Limão de Baixo, município de Parintins-AM, a luz do paradigma da sustentabilidade ambiental. O diagnóstico de campo baseou-se em levantamentos multitemáticos e temáticos, organizados sob a abordagem sistêmica e estratégia interdisciplinar de atuação em estudos de casos, voltados para a realidade complexa e emergente das atividades de extrativismo, agricultura e pecuária da região. Constatou-se que a produção de hortaliças é realizada em canteiros suspensos, que permite às famílias geração de renda e segurança alimentar.
Educação Ambiental por meio do reaproveitamento do lixo pelos alunos do IFPA
Authors: Silva Kayury Serrão da
Published: June 2020

Este trabalho surgiu a partir da preocupação com os inúmeros impactos causados pela destinação inadequada do lixo na sociedade, ocasionado pela falta de consciência das pessoas. Diante disso, se propôs desenvolver consciência ambiental aliada à sua prática em uma turma do curso de meio ambiente do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciências e Tecnologias do Pará – IFPA campus Abaetetuba. Os objetivos principais foram incentivar a mudança de hábitos diante do uso de recursos naturais e mostrar a importância da reutilização dos lixos descartados no meio ambiente. Constatou-se que a educação ambiental na comunidade escolar funciona como instrumento eficaz de interação entre sociedade e natureza que contribui para o bem do meio ambiente.
Educação Ambiental e sustentabilidade: uma intervenção emergente na escola.
Authors: Souza Fernanda Rodrigues da Silva
Published: June 2020

A sociedade atual possui desafios complexos e necessita de ações coletivas a fim de redefinir as relações produtivas, cultural e social resultando uma vivência sustentável. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar um projeto de educação ambiental que a empresa Vale realiza em parceria com a Emef Eber Louzada Zippinotti em Vitória (ES). É um trabalho que visa desenvolver a consciência ambiental dos estudantes deixando um legado positivo para as gerações futuras. Proporciona aos envolvidos práticas sustentáveis e incentiva proteção e conservação do meio ambiente. A metodologia utilizada envolve dinâmica de grupo, trilha ecológica, aula teórica e pesquisa.
Sobre a função dos aspectos imateriais no ato de ler: Jakubinskij, Vološinov, Bakhtin e Foucambert
Authors: Arena Dagoberto Buim
Published: June 2020

Jakubinskij introduz nos estudos de linguagem nos princípios do século XX na Rússia o conceito de massa aperceptiva, entendido como o conjunto de experiências e vivências formadoras do psiquismo que dão as condições para a apropriação das criações culturais humanas, entre as quais os atos culturais de ler, e que, por essa razão, permitem as trocas culturais. Esse conceito ecoa em obras de outros pesquisadores, com nomes similares. Por isso, este artigo tem o objetivo de mapear conceitos próximos, encontrados em herdeiros diretos de Jakubinskij –Vološinov, Bakhtin e Vigotski – e em um outro não russo, na segunda metade do século XX, Jean Foucambert. Para isso, a metodologia recomenda cotejar seus trabalhos para alinhavar traços comuns entre esses estudiosos quando deslocam a prioridade do leitor para o aspecto imaterial de suas experiências e reservam a função de instrumentos para as marcas gráficas.
A apropriação da cultura escrita em crianças do ensino fundamental: um estudo com a cultura e a literatura infantil indígena
Authors: Sales Maria da Luz Lima , Balça Ângela
Published: June 2020

A situação vivida pelos indígenas brasileiros impulsionou-nos à problemática desta investigação: promover a empatia e a cultura escrita em crianças do ensino fundamental, recorrendo à literatura infantil indígena. Os objetivos do estudo eram: conhecer concepções e atitudes dos alunos relativamente aos indígenas; orientar uma intervenção pedagógico-didática, apoiada na literatura infantil indígena, que ajudasse a modificar concepções e atitudes de natureza discriminatória; analisar em que medida essa intervenção serviu para aprofundar o conhecimento dos alunos acerca da cultura indígena, promovendo a apropriação da cultura escrita. Optou-se por um estudo qualitativo, numa aproximação à metodologia da design research. Como instrumentos de recolha de dados, elegeu-se a entrevista, a observação e as notas de campo. A amostra era constituída por uma turma do ensino fundamental de uma escola urbana do estado do Pará, Brasil. Os resultados da investigação apontaram para uma identificação, receptividade e entusiasmo das crianças à cultura e à literatura indígenas.
Visualization of the Chaos Game for non-hyperbolic iterated function system
Authors: Mavares Ferrer Pablo José
Published: June 2020

The chaos game is a random algorithm generally applied to contracting (hyperbolic) iterated function system (IFS) which makes it possible to obtain the unique attractor of the dynamic system. However, when applied to non-contractive IFS extremely interesting results can be obtained that are not only important from a theoretical and application point of view, but can also be part of a mathematical didactics that seeks to modernize teaching. In this sense, this research present some results related to the application of the chaos game to non-contracting IFS are presented.
Componentes de alto rendimiento para la plataforma Bonita BPM
Authors: Ramírez Supe Darwin Stalin
Published: June 2020

Existe la necesidad de incorporar componentes personalizados en plataformas empresariales cuyas ediciones al público en general son libres y limitados de características que solo cuentan las ediciones premium o pagadas. Esto se ha vuelto un tema de incomodo por parte de los desarrolladores de software de empresas públicas y privadas porque al desarrollar sus aplicaciones con estas soluciones de TI se ven restringidos al momento de extender funcionalidades de acuerdo al modelo de negocio. Por consecuente, con la crisis económica a nivel mundial, las organizaciones optan por manejar versiones libres para evitar elevados costos de licencias, pero esto obliga a los programadores a tener un desarrollo de software de una manera no convencional para extender las funcionalidades.