bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise da despesa total com pessoal em conformidade com a Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal: um estudo no município de Caicó-RN, no período de 2011 a 2020
Authors: Valentim Maria do Socorro , Henrique Jean Augusto , Duda Edivaldo do Nascimento , Silva Clara Monise , De Araújo Salmo Batista
Published: February 2023

Este estudo objetivou analisar a Despesa Total Com Pessoal do município de Caicó (RN), no âmbito dos Poderes Executivo e Legislativo, em consonância com o que regulariza a Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal, durante a década compreendida de 2011 a 2020. Para tanto, a pesquisa debruçou-se sobre os relatórios encontrados no Portal de Transparência do Município e na seção dos dados municipais, fornecidos pela respectiva prefeitura, do site do Tribunal de Contas do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, de onde levantou-se os dados, posteriormente tabulados com auxílio do programa Excel© e apresentados por meio de gráficos e tabelas. Esta pesquisa é classificada como básica/pura, visando analisar o pagamento do Pessoal; descritiva, estudando a caracterização ao longo do período e de abordagem qualitativa, explorando a evolução de ano, por ano. Sua importância baseia-se na urgência da verificação do cumprimento das regras e limites impostos pela LRF, que surgiu como auxiliar na busca do equilíbrio fiscal das contas, em prol do aprimoramento da gestão pública brasileira. Na análise observou-se a relação percentual entre a Despesa Total com Pessoal e a Receita Corrente Líquida de cada exercício, os limites impostos pela Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal atingidos e sua evolução ao longo do período estudado, em ambos os poderes. Verificou-se uma extrapolação dos limites impostos pela Lei em 07 (sete) dos 10 (dez) anos estudados, apenas em 03 (três) deles o Executivo conseguiu estar dentro do limite legal. Acrescenta-se ainda a preocupação com os índices mais altos da DTP, demonstrados nos últimos 02 (dois) anos estudados. Esse aspecto demonstra um preocupante crescimento que já havia sido identificado desde o início dos anos 2000 em estudos de Nogueira e Rodrigues (2010), ao realizarem análise da situação da DTP frente à LRF na União, nas Unidades Federadas e nos Municípios.
Thyroid Dysfunction and its Correlation with Section Metabolic Syndrome among Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Karnataka: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Vishwas MK , Phaneshwara BN , Raghavendra Uday , Vasudha KV , Shruthi B
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Thyroid dysfunctions are more common among women than men and increase near menopause. These are also associated with metabolic syndrome, increasing cardiovascular risk. These cardiovascular events and cerebrovascular events increase women’s morbidity and mortality, especially after menopause. Though many researchers in the past few decades have tried to highlight this problem, majority of them have focused on the elderly population. Studies on women of the perimenopausal age group are still not frequently found. Aim: To assess the correlation between thyroid dysfunction and metaoblic syndrome among perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among women attending the Medicine Outpatient Department (OPD) of Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagara BG, Karnataka, India, from December 2017 to May 2019. Total 100 participants were included in the study, of which 50 were perimenopausal and 50 were postmenopausal women. Clinical history, examination and relevant investigations {Free T3 or Total T3, Free T4 or Total T4, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)} were recorded. Association was studied using Chi-square test, groups were compared using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test, and correlation was estimated using Pearson’s correlation test. Results: Mean age of the study participants was 55.14±8.05 years. Thyroid dysfunction was observed in 17% of the participants, of whom 14% had subclinical hypothyroidism, 2% had overt hypothyroidism and 1% had hyperthyroidism. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 45%. There was a significant association of hypothyroidism with Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) (p-value=0.005) and a positive correlation between FBS and TSH level and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) with T3 and T4 levels. Conclusion: Prevalence of hypothyroidism and metabolic syndrome were high among perimenopausal women and as FBS increases or HDL decreases, the chances of hypothyroid increases. Therefore, early identification and reduction of these components of metabolic syndrome decreases hypothyroidism and cardiovascular events.
Influence Diagnostic in Log-Exponential-Inverse- Exponential {Weibull} Regression Failure Model
Authors: A. M. Ahmad Moshera
Published: February 2023

An exponential-inverse-exponential {Weibull} regression failure model is introduced. Some of its properties like density function, survival function, and hazard function are derived. Maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters of the new model from censored data are obtained. To assess the local influence diagnostic(s) on the parameter estimates, the appropriate matrices are derived. Also, global influence and local influence are used to detect influential observations. Martingale and Deviance residuals are obtained and used to detect outliers and evaluate the model assumptions. A real data is analyzed under Log-Exponential-Inverse-Exponential {Weibull} regression model to show the usefulness of the model. A simulation study is performed to investigate the behavior of the estimates for different sample sizes and censoring percentages.
Antioxidant Activity-Guided Isolation of Phenolic Compounds from Leaves of Vitex pinnata (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Faisal Hudia Umami , Efdi Mai , Itam Afrizal , Okselni Tia , Anwar Lenny
Published: February 2023

The aim of this study is to isolate phenolic compounds from the ethyl acetate fraction of the leaves of V. pinnata Linn, which have antioxidant properties, guided by a TLC-Bioautography (Thin-layer chromatography) with a reagent of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH). The TLC-antioxidant bioautography technique has several advantages. It does not require a long time in testing, the sample used is small, and it can potentially obtain promising antioxidant-positive compounds.The isolation process led to obtaining two phenolic compounds. The UV-Vis, FTIR, and NMR spectrum analysis showed that the compounds were (1) p-hydroxybenzoate and (2) luteolin. Further antioxidant evaluation by DPPH assay showed a potential radical scavenging DPPH of luteolin (2) with an IC50 of 1.56±0.18 µg/mL.
Effect of Neem Extract with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Burn Wound Treatment
Authors: Rashid Anjum Md. , Islam Rakibul , Mahmudul Hasan Md. , Rashid Bazlar , Masuma Parvez Mst. Misrat , Sarkar Sumon , Ali Md. Hannan , Zahan Asha Mst. Eshrat
Published: February 2023

A study was conducted to determine the clinical efficiency of neem extract with Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles on burn wound healing treatment in Rabbit model. Sixteen (16) male New Zealand white rabbits were assigned into four groups, each with four rabbits, and were kept together for 28 days. Group T0 as the control; T1 represented burn healing using neem extract; T2 represented burn healing using neem extract with ZnO nanoparticles; and T3 represented burn healing using a commercial drug (Bactrocin®). Data were accumulated on the healing rate, healing time, and WBC count. Healing rate was calculated at weekly interval and the healing time was observed regularly and calculated from day 7 at weekly interval and WBC count were investigated using an auto analyzer. The result showed that the healing rate (%) were T2 group= 93.75±1.25, T3 group=86.75±0.479, T1 group=84.25±1.75, and T0 group=70.75±2.25. Among this result the healing rate increased significantly in T2 (93.75±1.25) group, better by T3 (86.75±0.479), good by T1 (84.25±1.75) and worst by T0 (70.75±2.25) group. The application of neem extract with ZnO nanoparticles have also showed the quickest healing time (24.5±0.64 day) significantly (P<0.01). At weekly interval WBC count (cells/µl) was varied significantly, the highest value was discovered in the T2 group. The study's overall findings demonstrated that using neem extract with ZnO nanoparticles resulted in faster wound healing with a shorter time requirement. It indicates that wound healing without the use of antibiotics was possible and using neem extract can be advised for the treatment of burn wounds.
Study Finds US Households, Especially in Rural Areas, Increasingly Shop at Dollar Stores for Food
Authors: Ruder Kate
Published: February 2023

This Medical News article discusses a new study of household food purchasing trends from 2008 to 2020.
Association of Resident Independence With Short-term Clinical Outcome in Core General Surgery Procedures
Authors: Tonelli Celsa M. , Cohn Tyler , Abdelsattar Zaid , Luchette Frederick A. , Baker Marshall S.
Published: February 2023

Importance

Prior studies evaluating the effect of resident independence on operative outcome draw from case mixes that cross disciplines and overrepresent cases with low complexity. The association between resident independence and clinical outcome in core general surgical procedures is not well defined.

Objective

To evaluate the level of autonomy provided to residents during their training, trends in resident independence over time, and the association between resident independence in the operating room and clinical outcome.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Using the Veterans Affairs Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 2005 to 2021, outcomes in resident autonomy were compared using multivariable logistic regression and propensity score matching. Data on patients undergoing appendectomy, cholecystectomy, partial colectomy, inguinal hernia, and small-bowel resection in a procedure with a resident physician involved were included.

Exposures

Resident independence was graded as the attending surgeon scrubbed into the operation (AS) or the attending surgeon did not scrub (ANS).

Main Outcomes and Measures

Outcomes of interest included rates of postoperative complication, severity of complications, and death.

Results

Of 109 707 patients who met inclusion criteria, 11 181 (10%) underwent operations completed with ANS (mean [SD] age of patients, 61 [14] years; 10 527 [94%] male) and 98 526 (90%) operations completed with AS (mean [SD] age of patients, 63 [13] years; 93 081 [94%] male). Appendectomy (1112 [17%]), cholecystectomy (3185 [11%]), and inguinal hernia (5412 [13%]) were more often performed with ANS than small-bowel resection (527 [6%]) and colectomy (945 [4%]). On multivariable logistic regression adjusting for procedure type, age, body mass index, functional status, comorbidities, American Society of Anesthesiologists class, wound class, case priority, admission status, facility type, and year, factors associated with a complication included increasing age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.19 [95% CI, 1.16-1.22]), emergent case priority (aOR, 1.41 [95% CI, 1.33-1.50]), and resident independence (aOR, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.03-1.22]). On propensity score matching, AS cases were score matched 1:1 to ANS cases based on the variables listed above. Comparing matched cohorts, there was no difference in complication rates (817 [7%] vs 784 [7%]) or death (91 [1%] vs 102 [1%]) based on attending physician involvement.

Conclusions and Relevance

Core general surgery cases performed by senior-level trainees in such a way that the attending physician is not scrubbed into the case are being done safely with no significant difference in rates of postoperative complication.
Effect of Focal vs Extended Irreversible Electroporation for the Ablation of Localized Low- or Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer on Early Oncological Control
Authors: Zhang Kai , Teoh Jeremy , Laguna Pilar , Dominguez-Escrig Jose , Barret Eric , Ramon-Borja Juan Casanova , Muir Gordon , Bohr Julia , de Reijke Theo M. , Pelechano Gómez Paula , Ng Chi-Fai , Sanchez-Salas Rafael , de la Rosette Jean
Published: February 2023

Importance

Focal ablative irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a therapy that treats only the area of the tumor with the aim of achieving oncological control while reducing treatment-related functional detriment.

Objective

To evaluate the effect of focal vs extended IRE on early oncological control for patients with localized low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this randomized clinical trial conducted at 5 centers in Europe, men with localized low- to intermediate-risk prostate cancer were randomized to receive either focal or extended IRE ablation. Data were collected at baseline and at regular intervals after the procedure from June 2015 to January 2020, and data were analyzed from September 2021 to July 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Oncological outcome as indicated by presence of clinically significant prostate cancer (International Society of Urological Pathology grade ≥2) on transperineal template-mapping prostate biopsy at 6 months after IRE. Descriptive measures of results from that biopsy included the number and location of positive cores.

Results

A total of 51 and 55 patients underwent focal and extended IRE, respectively. Median (IQR) age was 64 years (58-67) in the focal ablation group and 64 years (57-68) in the extended ablation group. Median (IQR) follow-up time was 30 months (24-48). Clinically significant prostate cancer was detected in 9 patients (18.8%) in the focal ablation group and 7 patients (13.2%) in the extended ablation group. There was no significant difference in presence of clinically significant prostate cancer between the 2 groups. In the focal ablation group, 17 patients (35.4%) had positive cores outside of the treated area, 3 patients (6.3%) had positive cores in the treated area, and 5 patients (10.4%) had positive cores both in and outside of the treated area. In the extended group, 10 patients (18.9%) had positive cores outside of the treated area, 9 patients (17.0%) had positive cores in the treated area, and 2 patients (3.8%) had positive cores both in and outside of the treated area. Clinically significant cancer was found in the treated area in 5 of 48 patients (10.4%) in the focal ablation group and 5 of 53 patients (9.4%) in the extended ablation group.

Conclusions and Relevance

This study found that focal and extended IRE ablation achieved similar oncological outcomes in men with localized low- or intermediate-risk prostate cancer. Because some patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer are still candidates for active surveillance, focal therapy may be a promising option for those patients with a high risk of cancer progression.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01835977
The Bcl‐2 family protein bid interacts with the ER stress sensor IRE1 to differentially modulate its RNase activity
Authors: Bashir Samirul , Banday Mariam , Qadri Ozaira , Pal Debnath , Bashir Arif , Hilal Nazia , Altaf Mohammad , Fazili Khalid Majid
Published: February 2023

IRE1 is a transmembrane signalling protein that activates the unfolded protein response under endoplasmic reticulum stress. IRE1 is endowed with kinase and endoribonuclease activities. The ribonuclease activity of IRE1 can switch substrate specificities to carry out atypical splicing of Xbp1 mRNA or trigger the degradation of specific mRNAs. The mechanisms regulating the distinct ribonuclease activities of IRE1 have yet to be fully understood. Here, we report the Bcl‐2 family protein Bid as a novel recruit of the IRE1 complex, which directly interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of IRE1. Bid binding to IRE1 leads to a decrease in IRE1 phosphorylation in a way that it can only perform Xbp1 splicing while mRNA degradation activity is repressed. The RNase outputs of IRE1 have been found to regulate the homeostatic–apoptotic switch. This study, thus, provides insight into IRE1‐mediated cell survival.
Game on: immersive virtual laboratory simulation improves student learning outcomes & motivation
Authors: Tsirulnikov Danielle , Suart Celeste , Abdullah Ream , Vulcu Felicia , Mullarkey Caitlin E.
Published: February 2023

The use of gamified learning interventions is expanding in postsecondary education as a means to improve students' motivation and learning outcomes. Virtual laboratory simulations have been used in science education to supplement students' learning, as well as to increase engagement with course material. Due to COVID‐19, many instructors sought to replace or supplement hands‐on ‘wet‐lab’ work in an online environment. In this paper, we explored how the use of head‐mounted display technology in two laboratory simulations impacts learner motivation and learning outcomes. We used a mixed‐methods approach to analyze the experience of 39 undergraduate participants, examining test scores pre‐ and postsimulation, qualitative feedback, and quantitative experience ratings. The head‐mounted display technology was described as easy to use, with eye strain identified as a common occurrence. Participants had increased test scores following the laboratory simulations, with no significant difference between simulation groups. Very positive self‐reported measures of motivation and learner engagement were documented. Ninety‐one percent of participants agreed that virtual reality laboratory simulation would be a good supplement to regular teaching modalities. Overall, our results suggest that immersive virtual reality laboratory simulations experienced through head‐mounted display technology can be used to enhance learning outcomes and increase learner motivation.
Metabolic reprogramming heterogeneity in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Miguel Verónica , Kramann Rafael
Published: February 2023

Fibrosis driven by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) is the hallmark of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Myofibroblasts, which are the cells responsible for ECM production, are activated by cross talk with injured proximal tubule and immune cells. Emerging evidence suggests that alterations in metabolism are not only a feature of but also play an influential role in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis. The application of omics technologies to cell‐tracing animal models and follow‐up functional data suggest that cell‐type‐specific metabolic shifts have particular roles in the fibrogenic response. In this review, we cover the main metabolic reprogramming outcomes in renal fibrosis and provide a future perspective on the field of renal fibrometabolism.
A Holistic Solution to Icing by Acoustic Waves: De‐Icing, Active Anti‐Icing, Sensing with Piezoelectric Crystals, and Synergy with Thin Film Passive Anti‐Icing Solutions
Authors: del Moral Jaime , Montes Laura , Rico‐Gavira Victor Joaquin , López‐Santos Carmen , Jacob Stefan , Oliva‐Ramirez Manuel , Gil‐Rostra Jorge , Fakhfouri Armaghan , Pandey Shilpi , Gonzalez del Val Miguel , Mora Julio , García‐Gallego Paloma , Ibáñez‐Ibáñez Pablo Francisco , Rodríguez‐Valverde Miguel Angel , Winkler Andreas , Borrás Ana , González‐Elipe Agustin Rodriguez
Published: February 2023

Icing has become a hot topic both in academia and in the industry given its implications in transport, wind turbines, photovoltaics, and telecommunications. Recently proposed de‐icing solutions involving the propagation of acoustic waves (AWs) at suitable substrates may open the path for a sustainable alternative to standard de‐icing or anti‐icing procedures. Herein, the fundamental interactions are unraveled that contribute to the de‐icing and/or hinder the icing on AW‐activated substrates. The response toward icing of a reliable model system consisting of a piezoelectric plate activated by extended electrodes is characterized at a laboratory scale and in an icing wind tunnel under realistic conditions. Experiments show that surface modification with anti‐icing functionalities provides a synergistic response when activated with AWs. A thoughtful analysis of the resonance frequency dependence on experimental variables such as temperature, ice formation, or wind velocity demonstrates the application of AW devices for real‐time monitoring of icing processes.
Highly Tunable Syngas Product Ratios Enabled by Novel Nanoscale Hybrid Electrolytes Designed for Combined CO2 Capture and Electrochemical Conversion
Authors: Feric Tony G. , Hamilton Sara T. , Ko Byung Hee , Lee Gahyun Annie , Verma Sumit , Jiao Feng , Park Ah‐Hyung Alissa
Published: February 2023

Coupling renewable energy with the electrochemical conversion of CO2 to chemicals and fuels has been proposed as a strategy to achieve a new circular carbon economy and help mitigate the effects of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Liquid‐like Nanoparticle Organic Hybrid Materials (NOHMs) are composed of polymers tethered to nanoparticles and are previously explored as CO2 capture materials and electrolyte additives. In this study, two types of aqueous NOHM‐based electrolytes are prepared to explore the effect of CO2 binding energy (i.e., chemisorption versus physisorption) on CO2 electroreduction over a silver nanoparticle catalyst for syngas production. Poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) and Jeffamine M2070 (HPE) are ionically tethered to SiO2 nanoparticles to form the amine‐containing NOHM‐I‐PEI and ether‐containing NOHM‐I‐HPE, respectively. At less negative cathode potentials, PEI and NOHM‐I‐PEI‐based electrolytes produce CO at higher rates than 0.1 molal. KHCO3 due to favorable catalyst‐electrolyte interactions. Whereas at more negative potentials, H2 production is favored because of the carbamate electrochemical inactivity. Conversely, HPE and NOHM‐I‐HPE‐based electrolytes display poor CO2 reduction performance at less negative potentials. At more negative potentials, their performance approached that of 0.1 molal. KHCO3, highlighting how the polymer functional groups of NOHMs can be strategically selected to produce value‐added products from CO2 with highly tunable compositions.
Effect of Phosphorus Modulation in Iron Single‐Atom Catalysts for Peroxidase Mimicking
Authors: Ding Shichao , Barr Jordan Alysia , Lyu Zhaoyuan , Zhang Fangyu , Wang Maoyu , Tieu Peter , Li Xin , Engelhard Mark H. , Feng Zhenxing , Beckman Scott P. , Pan Xiaoqing , Li Jin‐Cheng , Du Dan , Lin Yuehe
Published: February 2023

Fe–N–C single‐atom catalysts (SACs) exhibit excellent peroxidase (POD)‐like catalytic activity, owing to their well‐defined isolated iron active sites on the carbon substrate, which effectively mimic the structure of natural peroxidase's active center. To further meet the requirements of diverse biosensing applications, SAC POD‐like activity still needs to be continuously enhanced. Herein, a phosphorus (P) heteroatom is introduced to boost the POD‐like activity of Fe–N–C SACs. A 1D carbon nanowire (FeNCP/NW) catalyst with enriched Fe–N4 active sites is designed and synthesized, and P atoms are doped in the carbon matrix to affect the Fe center through long‐range interaction. The experimental results show that the P‐doping process can boost the POD‐like activity more than the non‐P‐doped one, with excellent selectivity and stability. The mechanism analysis results show that the introduction of P into SAC can greatly enhance POD‐like activity initially, but its effect becomes insignificant with increasing amount of P. As a proof of concept, FeNCP/NW is employed in an enzyme cascade platform for highly sensitive colorimetric detection of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
Energy Efficient Neuro‐Inspired Phase–Change Memory Based on Ge4Sb6Te7 as a Novel Epitaxial Nanocomposite
Authors: Khan Asir Intisar , Yu Heshan , Zhang Huairuo , Goggin John R. , Kwon Heungdong , Wu Xiangjin , Perez Christopher , Neilson Kathryn M. , Asheghi Mehdi , Goodson Kenneth E , Vora Patrick M. , Davydov Albert , Takeuchi Ichiro , Pop Eric
Published: February 2023

Phase‐change memory (PCM) is a promising candidate for neuro‐inspired, data‐intensive artificial intelligence applications, which relies on the physical attributes of PCM materials including gradual change of resistance states and multilevel operation with low resistance drift. However, achieving these attributes simultaneously remains a fundamental challenge for PCM materials such as Ge2Sb2Te5, the most commonly used material. Here bi‐directional gradual resistance changes with ≈10× resistance window using low energy pulses are demonstrated in nanoscale PCM devices based on Ge4Sb6Te7, a new phase‐change nanocomposite material . These devices show 13 resistance levels with low resistance drift for the first 8 levels, a resistance on/off ratio of ≈1000, and low variability. These attributes are enabled by the unique microstructural and electro‐thermal properties of Ge4Sb6Te7, a nanocomposite consisting of epitaxial SbTe nanoclusters within the Ge–Sb–Te matrix, and a higher crystallization but lower melting temperature than Ge2Sb2Te5. These results advance the pathway toward energy‐efficient analog computing using PCM.
Flexible Hybrid Piezoelectric‐Electrostatic Device for Energy Harvesting and Sensing Applications
Authors: Lu Zhaocheng , Zhang Chi , Kwon Sun Hwa , Jiang Zhipeng , Dong Lin
Published: February 2023

Converting mechanical energy from either the ambient environment or the human body motions to the useful electrical energy will revolutionize power solutions for flexible electronics. Here, a hybrid energy harvesting strategy is reported, which combines porous polymeric piezoelectric film with an electrostatic layer as an integration for converting the mechanical energy into electrical energy. The piezoelectric materials through engineered microstructures are developed to enhance energy generation due to the higher compressibility and larger surface contact area. The electrostatic effect from the charged layer further contributes to the generation of electrical charges. By directly coating the stretchable carbon nanotubes onto the elastomers, more intimate integration of the hybrid energy harvesters enables the designs for complex electronics. Such flexible hybrid piezoelectric‐electrostatic device exhibits superior energy harvesting performance with a voltage output of 1.95 V, which improves 30% and 100% compared to the electrostatic and piezoelectric alone device, respectively. Experiments are also performed to demonstrate the implementation of the hybrid device's energy conversion to power small electronics and recognition of different body motions. Such hybrid strategy provides a new solution toward future energy revolution for flexible electronics.
Active Tunable Pulse Shaping Using MoS2‐Assisted All‐Dielectric Metasurface
Authors: Mohammadi Dinani Hediyeh , Mosallaei Hossein
Published: February 2023

While optical pulse shapers have important applications in classical and quantum communication regimes and laser resonant cavities, engineering of group delay dispersion (GDD) remains one of their greatest challenges. Herein, by taking advantage of the electrically tunable optical properties of 2D material and the low‐loss nature of dielectric material. This paper demonstrates how an active tunable all‐dielectric metasurface assisted by 2D material can be leveraged to shape the temporal profile of a pulse. The proposed metasurface consists of an array of nanobars covered by a 2D sheet and positioned on a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) as a perfect mirror to design a phase‐only modulator. Upon introducing in‐plane asymmetries, the quasi‐bound state in the continuum (QBIC) resonance emerges under normal incidence, which subsequently leads to achieving both significant GDD and the two regimes of pulse stretching and compressing via boosting the effect of the permittivity variation of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). The monolayer MoS2 proves to be an excellent substitute for other tunable materials with inherent dissipative loss in the visible frequency range. Following such an active tunable geometrically fixed configuration, various pulse‐shaping operations are achieved, including compression (peak intensity up to 350%), expansion (peak intensity from 60%), splitting, and higher‐order distortion.
Novel Self‐Assembled Multifunctional Nanoprobes for Second‐Near‐Infrared‐Fluorescence‐Image‐Guided Breast Cancer Surgery and Enhanced Radiotherapy Efficacy
Authors: Zhang Yong‐Qu , Liu Wan‐Ling , Luo Xiang‐Jie , Shi Jun‐Peng , Zeng Yun‐Zhu , Chen Wei‐Ling , Huang Wen‐He , Zhu Yuan‐Yuan , Gao Wen‐Liang , Li Rong‐Hui , Ming Zi‐He , Zhang Li‐Xin , Yang Rui‐Qin , Wang Jia‐Zheng , Zhang Guo‐Jun
Published: February 2023

Breast‐conserving surgery (BCS) is the predominant treatment approach for initial breast cancer. However, due to a lack of effective methods evaluating BCS margins, local recurrence caused by positive margins remains an issue. Accordingly, radiation therapy (RT) is a common modality in patients with advanced breast cancer. However, while RT also protects normal tissue and enhances tumor bed doses to improve therapeutic effects, current radiosensitizers cannot meet these urgent clinical needs. To address this, a novel self‐assembled multifunctional nanoprobe (NP) gadolinium (Gd)–diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid–human serum albumin (HSA)@indocyanine green–Bevacizumab (NPs‐Bev) is synthesized to improve the efficacy of fluorescence‐image‐guided BCS and RT. Fluorescence image guidance of the second near infrared NP improves complete resection in tumor‐bearing mice and accurately discriminates between benign and malignant mammary tissue in transgenic mice. Moreover, targeting tumors with NPs induces more reactive oxygen species under X‐ray radiation therapy, which not only increases RT sensitivity, but also reduces tumor progression in mice. Interestingly, self‐assembled NPs‐Bev using HSA, the magnetic resonance contrast agent and Bevacizumab‐targeting vascular growth factor A, which are clinically safe reagents, are safe in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the novel self‐assembled NPs provide a solid precision therapy platform to treat breast cancer.
Field level comparison of rhizosphere microbiome characteristics between wheat cultivars Jimai22 and Xiaoyan22
Authors: Chen Xiaoyan , Xu Dongqing , Zhang Yubin , Zhang Lijun , Li Fei
Published: February 2023

The rhizosphere microbiome can regulate various plant biological activities; however, the composition of the rhizosphere microbiome is easily affected by the growing environment and plant genotype. To further explore the differences and the interaction mechanisms between the rhizosphere microbiome of different wheat cultivars planted in northern China, we systematically compared the rhizosphere microbiome of major wheat cultivars Jimai22 and Xiaoyan22 planted in the field in Jinan and Qingdao, Shandong Province. The rhizosphere microbiome data were obtained from Jimai22 and Xiaoyan22 at the three‐leaf stage by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and were compared based on diversity analysis, principal coordinates’ analysis, machine learning methods such as random forest, and network analysis. The results showed that the plant growing environment and genotype significantly affected the community structure of the wheat rhizosphere microbiome. Operational taxonomic units belonged to Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria, and Proteobacteria were differentially enriched between the two wheat genotypes. Moreover, random forest model could accurately (accuracy rate 96.4%) predict wheat genotype across locations based on differences in rhizosphere microbiome of Jimai22 and Xiaoyan22. The findings of this study provide supporting data and a theoretical basis for in‐depth understanding of the composition of the rhizosphere microbiome of wheat planted in northern China, which can be applied to improve wheat breeding from the perspective of root microbe–plant interaction.
A single bout of breast milk expression does not increase resting metabolic rate
Authors: Reynolds Leryn J. , Powell Kayla R. , Akhter Taskina , Twiddy Hannah M. , Wilson Patrick B.
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Breastfeeding women have elevated resting metabolic rate (RMR); however, whether a single bout of lactation increases RMR is unknown. This study aimed to determine if a single bout of lactation acutely increased RMR.

Methods

Twenty‐two lactating women (age: 31 ± 0.9 year, body mass index: 27.3 ± 1.2 kg/m2) were recruited. RMR was assessed at baseline and at 1‐ and 2‐h following breast milk expression.

Results

RMR was unchanged in lactating women following a single bout of lactation (baseline: 1437 ± 39; 1 h: 1425 ± 37 2 h: 1440 ± 31 kcal/day) (p > .05). RMR was not correlated to daily milk produced (r = 0.05, p > .05), but was correlated to body mass (r = 0.74, p < .001), fat‐free mass (kg) (r = 0.61, p < .01), and fat mass (kg) (r = 0.71, p < .01).

Conclusion

RMR in lactating women appears to be more related to body mass or composition in the postpartum period rather than lactation.
Efficient Synthesis of α‐P‐Modified Nucleoside Triphosphates and Dinucleoside Tetraphosphates via Linear PVPVPIII‐Nucleoside Intermediates
Authors: Dong Ying‐Ying , Huang Hua‐Shan , Zhong Ren‐Yuan , Gong Shan‐Shan , Sun Qi
Published: February 2023

As an important class of nucleoside triphosphate analogues, α‐P‐modified nucleoside triphosphates (NTPαXs) have long been recognized as versatile tools in molecular biology and medicinal chemistry. However, the available synthetic methods based on modified nucleoside monophosphate and cyclic PVPVPIII‐nucleoside intermediates are only low to moderate‐yielding. Inspired by recent progress on PV‐PIII coupling reactions, we attempted to access NTPαXs via the putative linear PVPVPIII‐nucleoside intermediates. The current research found that a specific type of nucleoside phosphoramidites, fluorenylmethyl (Fm) nucleosidyl‐phosphoromorpholidites, are highly reactive in coupling with nBu4NH3P2O7 even without acidic activators. In situ oxidation of linear PVPVPIII‐nucleosides with specific sulfurizing, boranylating, and selenylating reagents followed by deprotection of α‐P and nucleoside moieties afforded NTPαXs (X=S, Se, and BH3) in excellent isolated yields. By exploiting dicyanoimidazole (DCI)’s promoting effect on PV‐PIII coupling, the current linear PVPVPIII‐nucleoside‐based method was further developed into an efficient route to α‐P‐modified dinucleoside tetraphosphates.
Camouflaged Virus‐Like‐Nanocarrier with a Transformable Rough Surface for Boosting Drug Delivery
Authors: Yu Hongyue , Yu Yan , Lin Runfeng , Liu Minchao , Zhou Qiaoyu , Liu Mengli , Chen Liang , Wang Wenxing , Elzatahry Ahmed A. , Zhao Dongyuan , Li Xiaomin
Published: February 2023

Due to non‐specific strong nano–bio interactions, it is difficult for nanocarriers with permanent rough surface to cross multiple biological barriers to realize efficient drug delivery. Herein, a camouflaged virus‐like‐nanocarrier with a transformable rough surface is reported, which is composed by an interior virus‐like mesoporous SiO2 nanoparticle with a rough surface (vSiO2) and an exterior acid‐responsive polymer. Under normal physiological pH condition, the spikes on vSiO2 are hidden by the polymer shell, and the non‐specific strong nano–bio interactions are effectively inhibited. While in the acidic tumor microenvironment, the nanocarrier sheds the polymer camouflage to re‐expose its rough surface. So, the retention ability and endocytosis efficiency of the nanocarrier are great improved. Owing to it's the dynamically variable rough surface, the rationally designed nanocarrier exhibits extended blood‐circulation‐time and enhanced tumor accumulation.
3′‐O‐(2‐Nitrobenzenesulfonyl)fluorescein as a Fluorescent Probe for Hydrogen Polysulfides by Straightforward One‐Step Deprotection
Authors: Tsukamoto Koji , Ohsawa Hikaru , Nishiyama Ryosuke , Maeda Hatsuo
Published: February 2023

Invited for this month's cover is the group of Prof. Hatsuo Maeda at Hyogo Medical University, Japan. The cover picture features selective visualization of hydrogen polysulfides (H2Sn, n ≥ 2) over other related species through a fluorogenic reaction of 3′‐O‐(2‐nitrobenzenesulfonyl)fluorescein, that was screened as the best practical H2Sn probe among 2‐ or 4‐nitrobenzenesulfonylated fluorescein derivatives. More information can be found in the Research Article by K. Tsukamoto, H. Maeda, and co‐workers.
A Practical Method to Detect, Analyze, and Engineer Higher Order Van Hove Singularities in Multi‐band Hamiltonians
Authors: Chandrasekaran Anirudh , Betouras Joseph J.
Published: February 2023

A practical method is presented to detect, diagnose, and engineer higher order Van Hove singularities in multiband systems, with no restrictions on the number of bands or hopping terms. The method allows us to directly compute the Taylor expansion of the dispersion of any band at arbitrary points in momentum space, using a generalized extension of the Feynman–Hellmann theorem, which is stated and proved. Being fairly, in general scope, it also allows to incorporate and analyze the effect of tuning parameters on the low energy dispersions, which can greatly aid the engineering of higher order Van Hove singularities. A certain class of degenerate bands can be handled within this framework. The use of this method is demonstrated, by applying it to the Haldane model.
Synthesis, enzyme inhibition, and molecular docking studies of a novel chalcone series bearing benzothiazole scaffold
Authors: Musatat Ahmad Badreddin , Atahan Alparslan , Ergün Adem , Çıkrıkcı Kübra , Gençer Nahit , Arslan Oktay , Zengin Mustafa
Published: February 2023

This study reports the facile synthesis of a novel series of benzothiazole‐chalcones, in addition to their inhibitory profile on important metabolic enzymes including human carbonic anhydrases (hCA‐I, hCA‐II) and paraoxonase (PON‐1). The inhibition parameters, IC50 (concentration for 50% inhibition) and Ki (dissociation constant) values, toward the title enzymes were determined for the studied compounds. As a result, IC50 values of hydratase activity were in the range 4.15–5.47 and 2.56–4.58 μM for hCA‐I and hCA‐II, respectively. At the same time, IC50 values of esterase activity were in the range 24.91–104.00 and 35.25–97.00 μM, while Ki values were in the range 14.43–59.66 and 26.65–73.34 μM for hCA‐I and hCA‐II, respectively. In addition, PON‐1 enzyme inhibition results showed interesting inhibitory effects, with IC50 values between 13.28 and 16.68 μM. Finally, a comprehensive approach was established for the synthesized compounds based on theoretical calculations, which have been done using B3LYP, PBE0 theories and SVP, TVZP, TVZPP basis sets, followed by docking studies by which the outputs proved the harmonically flows with the experimental results.
BDNF as a biomarker for neuropathic pain: Consideration of mechanisms of action and associated measurement challenges
Authors: Thakkar Bhushan , Acevedo Edmund O.
Published: February 2023

Introduction

The primary objective of this paper is to (1) provide a summary of human studies that have used brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as a biomarker, (2) review animal studies that help to elucidate the mechanistic involvement of BDNF in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain (NP), and (3) provide a critique of the existing measurement techniques to highlight the limitations of the methods utilized to quantify BDNF in different biofluids in the blood (i.e., serum and plasma) with the intention of presenting a case for the most reliable and valid technique. Lastly, this review also explores potential moderators that can influence the measurement of BDNF and provides recommendations to standardize its quantification to reduce the inconsistencies across studies.

Methods

In this manuscript we examined the literature on BDNF, focusing on its role as a biomarker, its mechanism of action in NP, and critically analyzed its measurement in serum and plasma to identify factors that contribute to the discrepancy in results between plasma and serum BDNF values.

Results

A large heterogenous literature was reviewed that detailed BDNF's utility as a potential biomarker in healthy volunteers, patients with chronic pain, and patients with neuropsychiatric disorders but demonstrated inconsistent findings. The literature provides insight into the mechanism of action of BDNF at different levels of the central nervous system using animal studies. We identified multiple factors that influence the measurement of BDNF in serum and plasma and based on current evidence, we recommend assessing serum BDNF levels to quantify peripheral BDNF as they are more stable and sensitive to changes than plasma BDNF.

Conclusion

Although mechanistic studies clearly explain the role of BDNF, results from human studies are inconsistent. More studies are needed to evaluate the methodological challenges in using serum BDNF as a biomarker in NP.
Implantable device with magnetically rotating disk for needle‐free administrations of emergency drug
Authors: Kim Cho Rim , Han Jae Hoon , Kim Min Ji , Kim Myoung Ju , Kim Se‐Na , Cho Yong Chan , Ji Han Bi , Min Chang Hee , Lee Cheol , Choy Young Bin
Published: February 2023

Prompt administration of first‐aid drugs can save lives during medical emergencies such as anaphylaxis and hypoglycemia. However, this is often performed by needle self‐injection, which is not easy for patients under emergency conditions. Therefore, we propose an implantable device capable of on‐demand administration of first‐aid drugs (i.e., the implantable device with a magnetically rotating disk [iMRD]), such as epinephrine and glucagon, via a noninvasive simple application of the magnet from the outside skin (i.e., the external magnet). The iMRD contained a disk embedded with a magnet, as well as multiple drug reservoirs that were sealed with a membrane, which was designed to rotate at a precise angle only when the external magnet was applied. During this rotation, the membrane on a designated single‐drug reservoir was aligned and torn to expose the drug to the outside. When implanted in living animals, the iMRD, actuated by an external magnet, delivers epinephrine and glucagon, similar to conventional subcutaneous needle injections.
Diversity‐Driven Selection of Halogenic Electrolyte Additive Engineering for Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Zheng Qiyu , Wang Yang , Liu Liang , Li Wei , Li Linyue , Li Shixuan , Wang Zhoulu , Zhang Yi , Wu Yutong , Wang Di , Liu Xiang
Published: February 2023

Electrolyte additives have been widely used to solve critical problems of electrodes and electrolytes in various rechargeable batteries. However, due to the lack of well‐directed strategy, the selection for additives have consumed considerable efforts of researchers. In this study, a diversity‐driven electrolyte additive of 5‐bromo‐2‐(difluoro(3,4,5‐trifluorophenoxy)methyl)‐1,3‐difluorobenzene (BDTMD) is directed synthesized, two different substituent groups are designed in the structure. With this newly‐formulated electrolyte, the overpotential during the charging process of Li−CO2 cells can be reduced to 3.8 V without any catalyst. Li metal electrode also shows a stable solid electrolyte interface layer and long cycling life of 1600 h. Based on the synergistic effect between F and Br, this study demonstrates an efficiently and well‐directed strategy to synthesis electrolyte additives.
Antipoisoning catalysts for the selective oxygen reduction reaction at the interface between metal nanoparticles and the electrolyte
Authors: Chougule Sourabh S. , Jeffery A. Anto , Roy Chowdhury Sreya , Min Jiho , Kim Yunjin , Ko Keonwoo , Sravani Bathinapatla , Jung Namgee
Published: February 2023

One of the primary challenges in relation to phosphoric acid fuel cells is catalyst poisoning by phosphate anions that occurs at the interface between metal nanoparticles and the electrolyte. The strong adsorption of phosphate anions on the catalyst surface limits the active sites for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), significantly deteriorating fuel cell performance. Here, antipoisoning catalysts consisting of Pt‐based nanoparticles encapsulated in an ultrathin carbon shell that can be used as a molecular sieve layer are rationally designed. The pore structure of the carbon shells is systematically regulated at the atomic level by high‐temperature gas treatment, allowing O2 molecules to selectively react on the active sites of the metal nanoparticles through the molecular sieves. Besides, the carbon shell, as a protective layer, effectively prevents metal dissolution from the catalyst during a long‐term operation. Consequently, the defect‐controlled carbon shell leads to outstanding ORR activity and durability of the hybrid catalyst even in phosphoric acid electrolytes.
Asymmetric Rubottom‐Type Oxidation Catalyzed by Chiral Calcium Phosphates
Authors: He Hualing , Tummalapalli K. S. Satyanarayana , Zhu Linfei , Chen Minglei , Krishnamurthy Suvratha , Antilla Jon C.
Published: February 2023

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Jon C. Antilla at Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University. The image depicts asymmetric Rubottom‐type oxidation catalyzed by chiral calcium phosphates. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202203720.
A comparative study on the mineralization of waste butyl acetate by electrochemical oxidation via persulphate/hypochlorite and silver (II) reagents using DSA® anodes: Statistical optimization by response surface methodology
Authors: Mokhtari Shahrnaz , Mohammadi Fereidoon
Published: February 2023

Mediated electrochemical oxidation of butyl acetate (BA) in wastewater was conducted by employing two different techniques based on S2O8−2/ClO− and Ag (II) reagents using commercial Dimensionally Stable Anode (DSA)®‐O2 or DSA®‐Cl2 anodes. Response surface methodology (RSM) was also engaged to investigate process parameters impacts and their interactions on BA mineralization efficiency and energy consumption. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), UV–visible, and gas chromatography (GC) analyses confirmed BA mineralization and the optimum removal conditions were then attained for both systems. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) analysis showed that electro‐oxidation by mixed persulphate/hypochlorite oxidants favours the mineralization of BA (99.7%) compared to the Ag (II) technique (96.56%). The higher removal efficiency obtained by S2O8−2/ClO− was achieved in a neutral aquatic medium using DSA®‐Cl2 at a lower current density (CD), temperature, and electrolysis time (pH: 6, CD: 0.1 kA/m2, and time: 60 min) compared to those obtained by Ag (II) ions (pH: ≤3, CD: 1.69 kA/m2, and time: 130 min). The former process occurred under the charge transfer control mechanism at low CDs, whereas at an elevated CD (about 1.0 kA/m2), mass transfer was predominant due to the parasitic oxygen evolution. On the other hand, the latter process was found charge transfer‐controlled at low BA concentrations (≤200 ppm), whereas it turned out mass transfer‐controlled at higher BA concentrations. Comparing the anode type, energy consumption for BA mineralization by S2O8−2/ClO− ions using DSA®‐Cl2 at the optimum conditions was 0.009 kW · h/dm3, which was about three times lower than that of the DSA®‐O2 anode.
A Supported Palladium Phosphide Catalyst for the Wacker‐Tsuji‐Oxidation of Styrene
Authors: Neyyathala Arjun , Flecken Franziska , Hanf Schirin
Published: February 2023

The substitution of pure metal particles by metal phosphides in catalysis represents a promising opportunity to lower the required metal quantity in the context of a sustainable use of metal resources. Herein we show the synthesis of palladium phosphide, Pd3P, supported on silica, which is tested as catalyst for the Wacker‐Tsuji‐oxidation of styrene to acetophenone. The synthesized catalyst is characterized by PXRD, SEM‐EDX, FTIR, ICP‐AES and XPS measurements. Four different reaction systems are investigated in this study including different co‐catalysts and reaction media. Conversions of styrene up to 95 % with a selectivity of 73 % towards acetophenone are observed using Pd3P/SiO2as catalyst, CuCl2as co‐catalyst and O2as oxidant. An enhanced selectivity up to 100 % towards acetophenone is obtained in other reaction systems. The use of Pd3P/SiO2leads to an optimized selectivity and conversion in the oxidation reaction in comparison with the purely Pd‐based system Pd/SiO2. These results give an insight on how the incorporation of phosphorus has a great effect on the performance of heterogeneous catalysts.