bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of aging on hydrocephalus after intraventricular hemorrhage
Authors: Wan Yingfeng , Gao Feng , Ye Fenghui , Yang Weiming , Hua Ya , Keep Richard F. , Xi Guohua
Published: February 2020

Background

Hydrocephalus is a common and major complication that affects outcome after intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). While aging impacts the occurrence of hydrocephalus in patients with IVH this and the underlying mechanisms have received little attention. The present investigation, therefore, studied the impact of aging on hydrocephalus after IVH in a rat model.

Methods

Young and aged (3 and 18 months old, respectively) male Fischer 344 rats had an intraventricular injection of 200 μl autologous blood or saline. Ventricular volume was estimated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), while ventricular wall damage, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and epiplexus cell activation were quantified by histological staining and Western blot. Additionally, the impact of intraventricular iron injection was examined in young and aged rats.

Results

Intraventricular injection of autologous blood induced hydrocephalus in both young and aged rats but ventricular volumes were larger in aged rats compared to young rats from day 3 to day 14 followed IVH. In addition, ventricular wall damage and periventricular HO-1 upregulation were greater in aged versus young rats on day 1 after IVH. Aged rats also had more choroid plexus epiplexus cells on day 14 after IVH. Additionally, organized hematomas were observed in 23% (3/13) of aged rats but not in young rats after IVH. Organized hematomas in aged rats showed larger T2* lesions on MRI compared to rats with non-organized hematomas. Similar to the effects of IVH, intraventricular injection of iron resulted in more epiplexus cells activation and more severe hydrocephalus in aged compared to young rats.

Conclusions

IVH causes more severe hydrocephalus in aged compared to young rats. Enhanced ventricular wall damage, epiplexus cell activation and iron overload may contribute to this aggravated hydrocephalus development in aged animals.
Application of a new blood flow regulator in aortic endovascular therapy
Authors: Liu Chang , Xue Yun-xing , Wang Dong-jin , Zhou Qing
Published: February 2020

Background

Endovascular repair involving branches of the aorta is still difficult in clinical treatment. A new type of blood flow regulator has been used in thoracic endovascular aortic repair/endovascular aortic repair in our centre, and the effects were followed and analysed.

Methods

From March 2014 to January 2015, 14 patients with Stanford type B aortic dissection or penetrating ulcers and aortic arch pseudoaneurysms were consecutively enrolled. All patients were evaluated and underwent endovascular repair. The average age of these patients was 59 ± 14 years (34–76 years old, median 62 years), and there were 12 males and 2 females. The blood flow regulator was a self-expanding membrane-supported artificial blood vessel. The film was made from polyester that was formed into a mesh 1 mm2in size. The metal stent used was made of nickel-titanium alloy.

Results

The success rate for the technique was 100%. All patients underwent postoperative aortic CTA and had type III endoleak. There were no deaths and no instances of stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), hemiplegia, paraplegia or other central nervous system complications, and there were no left upper limb ischaemia symptoms in the group. The average follow-up time was 14.7 ± 3.6 months. One patient died of sudden death 4 months after the operation. One patient died due to abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture, and the other 12 patients survived. The survival rate was 86%. The blood flow regulator covered a total of 19 branch vessels (the intercostal artery was not counted), of which 18 experienced smooth blood flow. One patient continued to have a type III endoleak after the operation, and the endoleak disappeared after endovascular repair.

Conclusions

This clinical case series of 14 patients with percutaneous transluminal stents indicates that the blood flow regulator is safe and feasible in TEVAR surgery, providing a promising new technology.
Mesenchymal stem cells regulate the Th17/Treg cell balance partly through hepatocyte growth factor in vitro
Authors: Chen Qi-Hong , Wu Fei , Liu Lei , Chen Han-bing , Zheng Rui-Qiang , Wang Hua-Ling , Yu Li-Na
Published: February 2020

Introduction

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exert immunomodulatory functions by inducing the development and differentiation of naive T cells into T cells with an anti-inflammatory regulatory T cell (Treg) phenotype. Our previous study showed that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) secreted by MSCs had immunomodulatory effects in the context of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. We hypothesized that HGF is a key factor in the MSC-mediated regulation of the T helper 17 (Th17) cell/regulatory T (Treg) cell balance.

Methods

We investigated the effects of MSCs on the differentiation of CD4+ T cells and the functions of Th17/Treg cells in response to LPS stimulation by performing in vitro coculture experiments. MSCs were added to the upper chambers of cell culture inserts, and CD4+ T cells were plated in the lower chambers, followed by treatment with LPS or an anti-HGF antibody. Th17 (CD4+CD3+RORrt+) and Treg (CD4+CD25+Foxp3+) cell frequencies were analysed by flow cytometry, and the expression of Th17 cell- and Treg cell-related cytokines in the CD4+ T cells or culture medium was measured by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Neutrophil functions were determined by flow cytometry after a coculture with Th17/Treg cells.

Results

The percentage of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells was significantly increased in the CD4+ T cell population, while the percentage of CD4+CD3+RORrt+ cells was significantly decreased after MSC coculture. However, the MSC-induced effect was significantly inhibited by the anti-HGF antibody (p < 0.05). Furthermore, MSCs significantly inhibited the CD4+ T cell expression of IL-17 and IL-6 but increased the expression of IL-10 (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01); these effects were inhibited by the anti-HGF antibody (p < 0.05). In addition, CD4+ T cells cocultured with MSCs significantly inhibited neutrophil phagocytic and oxidative burst activities (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01); however, these MSC-induced effects were inhibited by the anti-HGF antibody (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

These data suggested that MSCs induced the conversion of fully differentiated Th17 cells into functional Treg cells and thereby modulated the Th17/Treg cell balance in the CD4+ T cell population, which was partly attributed to HGF secreted by the MSCs.
A mathematical model for simulating the phase-based transmissibility of a novel coronavirus
Authors: Chen Tian-Mu , Rui Jia , Wang Qiu-Peng , Zhao Ze-Yu , Cui Jing-An , Yin Ling
Published: February 2020

Background

As reported by the World Health Organization, a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was identified as the causative virus of Wuhan pneumonia of unknown etiology by Chinese authorities on 7 January, 2020. The virus was named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses on 11 February, 2020. This study aimed to develop a mathematical model for calculating the transmissibility of the virus.

Methods

In this study, we developed a Bats-Hosts-Reservoir-People transmission network model for simulating the potential transmission from the infection source (probably be bats) to the human infection. Since the Bats-Hosts-Reservoir network was hard to explore clearly and public concerns were focusing on the transmission from Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market (reservoir) to people, we simplified the model as Reservoir-People (RP) transmission network model. The next generation matrix approach was adopted to calculate the basic reproduction number (R0) from the RP model to assess the transmissibility of the SARS-CoV-2.

Results

The value of R0 was estimated of 2.30 from reservoir to person and 3.58 from person to person which means that the expected number of secondary infections that result from introducing a single infected individual into an otherwise susceptible population was 3.58.

Conclusions

Our model showed that the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 was higher than the Middle East respiratory syndrome in the Middle East countries, similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome, but lower than MERS in the Republic of Korea.
Diabetes and disordered eating behaviours in a community-based sample of Australian adolescents
Authors: Pursey Kirrilly M. , Hay Phillipa , Bussey Kay , Trompeter Nora , Lonergan Alexandra , Pike Kathleen M. , Mond Jonathon , Mitchison Deborah
Published: February 2020

Background

People with diabetes have been shown to be at risk for disordered eating compared to their non-diabetic peers. However, the majority of studies have been conducted in relatively small samples drawn from clinical diabetes settings or registries. Community-based samples are required to better understand disordered eating behaviours in this population. In a large community-based population sample of Australian adolescents, this study aimed to (1) investigate disordered eating behaviours in adolescents reporting a diagnosis of diabetes compared to their non-diabetic peers and (2) test associations between disordered eating behaviours and insulin restriction.

Methods

Secondary school students (n = 4854; mean (SD) age 14.4 (1.6) years; 47% boys) completed an online survey, including self-reported presence of diabetes, demographics, weight status, substance use, insulin restriction and disordered eating behaviours. Clinically meaningful cut-offs for disordered eating behaviours were generated for analysis.

Results

Disordered eating behaviours, specifically self-induced vomiting (diabetes 19.2%, no diabetes 3.3%; p <  0.001), laxative use (diabetes 15.4%, no diabetes 2.1%; p <  0.001), use of cigarettes (diabetes 26.9%, no diabetes 4.3%; p <  0.001) and other drugs (diabetes 28.9%, no diabetes 4.0%; p <  0.001), cleanse/detox (diabetes 30.8%, no diabetes 10.5%; p <  0.001) and extreme weight loss diets (diabetes 13.5%, no diabetes 4.7%; p <  0.003) were higher in those reporting a diagnosis of diabetes. In addition, 17% of those with diabetes reported frequent insulin restriction (≥ once per week), and insulin restriction was associated with more frequent disordered eating behaviours.

Conclusion

There was a high rate of disordered eating behaviours in adolescents with diabetes compared to their peers without diabetes. The findings of this study may have the potential to inform future health promotion, prevention, and early intervention approaches for those with comorbid diabetes and disordered eating behaviours. Future longitudinal studies are required to evaluate disordered eating behaviours in those with diabetes over time in community-based samples.
LncRNA profile study reveals a seven-lncRNA signature predicts the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Huang Rui , Zhou Lian , Chi Yue , Wu Haibo , Shi Lei
Published: February 2020

Background

The prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) is still challenging to evaluate or predict. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to play an important role in tumorigenesis and prognosis, however, few lncRNAs have been identified in CRC progression. We aimed to establish a lncRNA signature to improve prognosis prediction of CRC.

Methods

In the present study, we profiled lncRNA expression with a lncRNA-mining approach in two CRC data sets from Gene Expression Ominus (GEO) (GSE39582, N = 557 and GSE17538, N = 200). LncRNAs were analyzed to determine a prognostic signature by Cox regression and Robust likelihood-based survival model. We identified seven lncRNAs that significantly associated with the disease free survival (DFS) in the training group. A risk score formula was constructed to evaluate the performance of this lncRNA panel.

Results

A seven-lncRNA signature was established to predict prognosis of CRC patients. The prognostic value of this signature was verified in the training group, internal validation group and external validation cohort, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis suggested a powerful discrimination ability of the seven-gene signature. Finally, Cox regression analyzed this signature as an independent influencing factor and subsequent pathway or network analysis implicated a potential mechanism of these lncRNAs.

Conclusions

In summary, the seven-lncRNA signature we identified can effectively classify patients. This risk score model could serve as an independent biomarker to predict prognosis of CRC patients.
Out of the blue: Vermeer’s use of ultramarine in Girl with a Pearl Earring
Authors: van Loon Annelies , Gambardella Alessa A. , Gonzalez Victor , Cotte Marine , De Nolf Wout , Keune Katrien , Leonhardt Emilien , de Groot Suzan , Proaño Gaibor Art Ness , Vandivere Abbie
Published: February 2020

Johannes Vermeer (1632–1675) is known for his brilliant blue colours, and his frequent use of the costly natural ultramarine. This paper reveals new findings about ultramarine in the headscarf of Girl with a Pearl Earring (c. 1665, Mauritshuis). The painting was examined using a range of micro- and macroscale techniques as part of the Girl in the Spotlight research project (2018). Analysis of micro-samples mounted as cross-sections using SEM–EDX and FTIR-ATR showed that Vermeer used high-quality ultramarine in the blue headscarf, based on the relative abundance of bright blue particles of lazurite. Analysis with synchrotron sulphur K-edge XANES suggested that the ultramarine pigment was prepared—at least in part—from a heat-treated lapis lazuli rock. The entire painting was imaged using MS-IRR, MA-XRF, RIS, and digital microscopy to reveal the distribution of materials of the headscarf, and to give more insight into Vermeer’s painting process. The shadow part of the headscarf has a remarkably patchy appearance, due to paint degradation that is probably related to the large amounts of chalk Vermeer mixed in the ultramarine paint in this area. The question was raised as to whether extra chalk was added deliberately to the paint to adjust the handling properties or opacity, or whether the chalk was the substrate of a—now faded—yellow lake. Schematic paint reconstructions were made to investigate the effect of the addition of chalk or yellow lake on the paint properties. The analyses and reconstructions led to the hypothesis that the blue headscarf originally contained a wider range of different blue colour shades: an opaque light blue for the left (lit) zone, a slightly brighter opaque blue for the middle zone, and a deep dark blue-green glaze with alternating blue-green glazing brushstrokes for the shadow zone—now largely compromised by paint degradation.
Correction to: Faulty homocysteine recycling in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Kowluru Renu A. , Mohammad Ghulam , Sahajpal Nikhil
Published: February 2020

In the original publication of this article [1] Figure 2b is incorrect.
Portfolio selection: a fuzzy-ANP approach
Authors: Rahiminezhad Galankashi Masoud , Mokhatab Rafiei Farimah , Ghezelbash Maryam
Published: February 2020

This study developed specific criteria and a fuzzy analytic network process (FANP) to assess and select portfolios on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). Although the portfolio selection problem has been widely investigated, most studies have focused on income and risk as the main decision-making criteria. However, there are many other important criteria that have been neglected. To fill this gap, first, a literature review was conducted to determine the main criteria for portfolio selection, and a Likert-type questionnaire was then used to finalize a list of criteria. Second, the finalized criteria were applied in an FANP to rank 10 different TSE portfolios. The results indicated that profitability, growth, market, and risk are the most important criteria for portfolio selection. Additionally, portfolios 6, 7, 2, 4, 8, 1, 5, 3, 9, and 10 (A6, A7, A2, A4, A8, A1, A5, A3, A9, and A10) were found to be the best choices. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Features fostering academic and social integration in blended synchronous courses in graduate programs
Authors: Lakhal Sawsen , Mukamurera Joséphine , Bédard Marie-Eve , Heilporn Géraldine , Chauret Mélodie
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the features that foster the academic and social integration of students enrolled in blended synchronous courses (BSC). Many studies and models have considered academic and social integration to be important determinants of student persistence and success in higher education programs and courses. In keeping with current research on blended courses that builds on models and theories developed for both online courses and face-to-face courses, we draw on Tinto’s model (Tinto, Review of Educational Research 45:89–125, 1975; Tinto, Leaving college: Rethinking the causes and cures of student attrition, 1993) and those of Rovai (The Internet & Higher Education 6:1–16, 2003) and Park (Proceedings of the 2007 Academy of Human Resource Development Annual Conference, 2007) to better define the academic and social integration of students in blended synchronous courses. To meet the study objective, a qualitative methodology was adopted. A convenience sampling technique was used in the study. The study participants were students (n = 8) enrolled in a graduate program in education offering only blended synchronous courses, as well as their instructors (n = 5). Semi-structured interviews (60–120 min in length) were selected as the data collection method. All qualitative data were analyzed using a general inductive approach (Thomas, American Journal of Evaluation 27:237–246, 2006). The results show that many features appear to promote academic and social integration, including the pedagogical strategies used. Moreover, this integration depends on the attitudes of both instructors and face-to-face students towards online students. This study highlights some challenges associated with blended synchronous courses. Further, it appears to suggest that instructors will need to work more on the inclusion of online students, and that training should be provided to assist them in this regard.
Effects of cold plasma, gamma and e-beam irradiations on reduction of fungal colony forming unit levels in medical cannabis inflorescences
Authors: Jerushalmi Shachar , Maymon Marcel , Dombrovsky Aviv , Freeman Stanley
Published: February 2020

Background

The use of medical cannabis (MC) in the medical field has been expanding over the last decade, as more therapeutic beneficial properties of MC are discovered, ranging from general analgesics to anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial treatments. Together with the intensified utilization of MC, concerns regarding the safety of usage, especially in immunocompromised patients, have arisen. Similar to other plants, MC may be infected by fungal plant pathogens (molds) that sporulate in the tissues while other fungal spores (nonpathogenic) may be present at high concentrations in MC inflorescences, causing a health hazard when inhaled. Since MC is not grown under sterile conditions, it is crucial to evaluate current available methods for reduction of molds in inflorescences that will not damage the active compounds. Three different sterilization methods of inflorescences were examined in this research; gamma irradiation, beta irradiation (e-beam) and cold plasma to determine their efficacy in reduction of fungal colony forming units (CFUs) in vivo.

Methods

The examined methods were evaluated for decontamination of both uninoculated and artificially inoculated Botrytis cinerea MC inflorescences, by assessing total yeast and mold (TYM) CFU levels per g plant tissue. In addition, e-beam treatment was also tested on naturally infected commercial MC inflorescences.

Results

All tested methods significantly reduced TYM CFUs at the tested dosages. Gamma irradiation reduced CFU levels by approximately 6- and 4.5-log fold, in uninoculated and artificially inoculated B. cinerea MC inflorescences, respectively. The effective dosage for elimination of 50% (ED50)TYM CFU of uninoculated MC inflorescence treated with e-beam was calculated as 3.6 KGy. In naturally infected commercial MC inflorescences, e-beam treatments reduced TYM CFU levels by approximately 5-log-fold. A 10 min exposure to cold plasma treatment resulted in 5-log-fold reduction in TYM CFU levels in both uninoculated and artificially inoculated B. cinerea MC inflorescences.

Conclusions

Although gamma irradiation was very effective in reducing TYM CFU levels, it is the most expensive and complicated method for MC sterilization. Both e-beam and cold plasma treatments have greater potential since they are cheaper and simpler to apply, and are equally effective for MC sterilization.
Duplicate vas deferens in a 3-year-old boy: a case report and review of paediatric literature
Authors: Seyi-Olajide Justina O. , Ameh Emmanuel A.
Published: February 2020

Background

Congenital abnormalities of the vas deferens are very uncommon. Duplicate vas deferens is a rare abnormality. It is the presence of two separate vasa deferentia within one spermatic cord. It has been encountered during inguinal hernia repair, orchidopexy, varicocoelectomy, vasectomy and radical prostatectomy. Identification of the vas deferens is mandatory during surgeries involving manipulation of the spermatic cord because if duplication exists and is not detected, there is increased chance of iatrogenic injury.

Case presentation

We present a 3-year-old boy with duplicate vas deferens identified during herniotomy for a right hydrocele. A postoperative abdominopelvic ultrasound scan revealed no abnormalities.

Conclusion

The risk of iatrogenic injury to the vas is increased in the presence of a duplication. A deliberate identification of the vas during procedures involving manipulation of the spermatic cord reduces this risk.
Evaluation of the Second Edition of Entering Research: A Customizable Curriculum for Apprentice-Style Undergraduate and Graduate Research Training Programs and Courses
Authors: Branchaw Janet L. , Butz Amanda R. , Smith Amber R.
Published: February 2020

The second edition of Entering Research (ER) is a collection of customizable active-learning activities, resources, and assessment and evaluation tools for use in undergraduate and graduate research training programs and courses. Results from two design and development research studies examining the effectiveness of the second edition of the ER curriculum and a 2-day ER facilitator training workshop are reported. Pilot testing of the second edition of the curriculum at 20 sites across the country (42 unique implementations) with 78 facilitators and 565 undergraduate and graduate research trainees provides evidence that the ER activities are clear and complete and that they were effective in helping trainees gain knowledge or improve their ability to do research. Overall, research training program directors and trainees were satisfied with courses and workshops that incorporated activities from ER. Likewise, evaluation data from four ER facilitator training workshops showed that participants valued the workshop and reported significant gains in confidence in their ability to successfully develop and implement a custom ER curriculum. Together, these results provide evidence that the ER curriculum and training workshop warrant further efficacy, effectiveness, and scale-up research.
ICD-11 complex post-traumatic stress disorder: simplifying diagnosis in trauma populations
Authors: Cloitre Marylène
Published: February 2020

ICD-11 complex post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a new disorder that describes the more complex reactions that are typical of individuals exposed to chronic trauma. The addition of this disorder as distinct from PTSD is expected to provide greater precision in the diagnosis of trauma populations and more personalised and effective treatment.
Randomized Phase II Study of First-Line Cladribine With Concurrent or Delayed Rituximab in Patients With Hairy Cell Leukemia
Authors: Chihara Dai , Arons Evgeny , Stetler-Stevenson Maryalice , Yuan Constance M. , Wang Hao-Wei , Zhou Hong , Raffeld Mark , Xi Liqiang , Steinberg Seth M. , Feurtado Julie , James Lacey , Wilson Wyndham , Braylan Raul C. , Calvo Katherine R. , Maric Irina , Dulau-Florea Alina , Kreitman Robert J.
Published: February 2020

PURPOSE

Single-agent purine analog, usually cladribine, has been the standard first-line therapy of hairy cell leukemia (HCL) for 30 years. High complete remission (CR) rates often include minimal residual disease (MRD), leading to relapse and repeated treatments. Rituximab can clear MRD, but long-term results are unknown and optimal timing of rituximab undefined.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Patients were randomly assigned to first-line cladribine 0.15 mg/kg intravenously days 1-5 with 8 weekly doses of rituximab 375 mg/m2 begun either day 1 (concurrent, CDAR) or ≥ 6 months later (delayed) after detection of MRD in blood. MRD tests included blood and bone marrow (BM) flow cytometry, and BM immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS

Sixty-eight patients with purine analog-naïve classic HCL were randomly assigned 1:1 to concurrent versus delayed arms. At 6 months after CDAR versus cladribine monotherapy, CR rates were 100% versus 88% ( P = .11), MRD-free CR rates 97% versus 24% ( P < .0001, primary end point), and blood MRD-free rates 100% versus 50% ( P < .0001), respectively. At 96 months median follow-up, 94% versus 12% remained MRD free. Compared with CDAR, delayed rituximab after cladribine achieved lower rate (67% of 21 evaluable patients; P = .0034) and durability ( P = .0081, hazard radio favoring CDAR, 0.094) of MRD-free CR. Nevertheless, 12 patients in the delayed arm remained MRD free when restaged 6-104 (median, 78) months after last delayed rituximab treatment. Compared with cladribine monotherapy, CDAR led to brief grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia (59% v 9%; P < .0001) and platelet transfusions without bleeding (35% v 0%; P = .0002), but higher neutrophil ( P = .017) and platelet ( P = .0015) counts at 4 weeks.

CONCLUSION

Achieving MRD-free CR of HCL after first-line cladribine is greatly enhanced by concurrent rituximab and less so by delayed rituximab. Longer follow-up will determine if MRD-free survival leads to less need for additional therapy or cure of HCL.
Dominant Currency Paradigm
Authors: Gopinath Gita , Boz Emine , Casas Camila , Díez Federico J. , Gourinchas Pierre-Olivier , Plagborg-Møller Mikkel
Published: February 2020

We propose a “dominant currency paradigm” with three key features: dominant currency pricing, pricing complementarities, and imported inputs in production. We test this paradigm using a new dataset of bilateral price and volume indices for more than 2,500 country pairs that covers 91 percent of world trade, as well as detailed firm-product-country data for Colombian exports and imports. In strong support of the paradigm we find that (i) noncommodities terms-of-trade are uncorrelated with exchange rates; (ii) the dollar exchange rate quantitatively dominates the bilateral exchange rate in price pass-through and trade elasticity regressions, and this effect is increasing in the share of imports invoiced in dollars; (iii) US import volumes are significantly less sensitive to bilateral exchange rates, compared to other countries’ imports; (iv) a 1 percent US dollar appreciation against all other currencies predicts a 0.6 percent decline within a year in the volume of total trade between countries in the rest of the world, controlling for the global business cycle. We characterize the transmission of, and spillovers from, monetary policy shocks in this environment. (JEL E52, F14, F31, F44)
Raising Capital from Heterogeneous Investors
Authors: Halac Marina , Kremer Ilan , Winter Eyal
Published: February 2020

A firm raises capital from multiple investors to fund a project. The project succeeds only if the capital raised exceeds a stochastic threshold, and the firm offers payments contingent on success. We study the firm’s optimal unique-implementation scheme, namely the scheme that guarantees the firm the maximum payoff. This scheme treats investors differently based on size. We show that if the distribution of the investment threshold is log-concave, larger investors receive higher net returns than smaller investors. Moreover, higher dispersion in investor size increases the firm’s payoff. Our analysis highlights strategic risk as an important potential driver of inequality. (JEL D21, D86, G24, G32)
Reporting radiographers and their role in thoracic CT service improvement: managing the pulmonary nodule
Authors: Holland Paul , Spence Hazel , Clubley Alison , Brooks Chantel , Baldwin David , Pointon Kate
Published: February 2020

Objectives:

The use of cross-sectional imaging in clinical medicine has been a major step forward in the management of many conditions but with that comes the increasing demand on resources and the detection of other potentially significant findings. This, in the context of a shortage of skilled radiologists, means that new ways of working are important. In thoracic CT, pulmonary nodules are a significant challenge because they are so common. Poor and inconsistent management can both cause harm to patients and waste resources so it is important that the latest guidelines are followed. The latter mandate the use of semi-automated volumetry that allows more precise management but is time-consuming.

Methods:

Reporting radiographers were iteratively trained in the use of semi-automated volumetry for pulmonary nodules by experienced thoracic radiologists. Once trained in this specific aspect, radiographers completed reporting of pulmonary nodules, checked by radiologists.

Results:

Radiographer reporting reduced radiologist time in reporting nodules and measuring their volume. Most of the volumetry was completed prior to the multidisciplinary meeting. This facilitated an increase in the number of patients discussed in 60 min from 15 to 22. Radiographers failed to detect few nodules, although a second read by radiologists is required in any case for other aspects of the reporting.

Conclusion:

Reporting radiographers, working with radiologists in a supportive setting, can deliver the radiology in a lung nodule pathway, reducing the time commitment from radiologists and the pulmonary nodule multidisciplinary team members, whilst using this as an opportunity to conduct research.
Empreendedorismo feminino e conflitos familiares: dilemas de uma empreendedora
Authors: Santos Danielly Mendes dos , Borja Gabriella Rebello Horta Jardim
Published: February 2020

O caso narra a história de Júlia, que, com 25 anos e diante das poucas oportunidades de trabalho na sua área de formação, decide empreender. Dada sua pouca experiência com negócios, sua cafeteria, localizada próxima à casa de seu pai, começa a enfrentar dificuldades. Para Júlia, ser mulher empreendedora tornou-se um desafio e o conflito trabalho-família também precisa ser rapidamente solucionado. Diante deste cenário, qual decisão tomar?
Category «Scientific Knowledge» in the Coordinates of Different Aspects
Authors: Gorovaya V. , Khudoverdova S.
Published: February 2020

The main content of the study is the analysis of the conceptual range of “science”, “scientifi c knowledge”, “multidimensionality of scientifi c knowledge”. Particular attention is paid to the role of a systemic approach that guide the learning process and ensure the formation of a knowledge system. It is shown that scientifi c knowledge diff ers from ordinary knowledge by singling out their architecture, which is a set of characteristics. A generalized characteristic of the concept of “scientifi c knowledge” from diff erent points of view — gnoseological, logical, categorical, functional and didactic.
Improving thermo-optic properties of smart windows via coupling to radiative coolers
Authors: Zhang Erjun , Cao Yang , Caloz Christoph , Skorobogatiy Maksim
Published: February 2020

In this work we first solve the radiative heat transfer problem in one
dimension to perform a comparative analysis of the time-averaged
performance of the partially transparent radiative windows and
radiative coolers. In doing so, we clearly distinguish the design
goals for the partially transparent windows and radiative coolers and
provide optimal choice for the material parameters to realize these
goals. Thus, radiative coolers are normally non-transparent in the
visible, and the main goal is to design a cooler with the temperature
of its dark side as low as possible relative to that of the
atmosphere. For the radiative windows, however, their surfaces are
necessarily partially transparent in the visible. In the cooling mode,
the main question is rather about the maximal visible light
transmission through the window at which the temperature on the window
somber side does not exceed that of the atmosphere. We then
demonstrate that transmission of the visible light through smart
windows can be significantly increased (by as much as a factor of 2)
without additional heating of the windows. This is accomplished via
coupling the windows to the radiative coolers using transparent
cooling liquid that flows inside of the window and radiative cooler
structures. We also demonstrate that efficient heat exchange between
radiative coolers and smart windows can be realized using small
coolant velocities (sub-1 mm/s for

∼

1

m

large windows) or even using a purely
passive gravitationally driven coolant flows between a hot smart
window and a cold radiative cooler mounted on top of the window with
only a minimal temperature differential (sub-1K) between the two. We
believe that our simple models complemented with an in-depth
comparative analysis of the standalone and coupled smart windows and
radiative coolers can be of interest to a broad scientific community
pursuing research in these disciplines.
High diffraction order cladding modes of helical long-period gratings inscribed by CO2 laser
Authors: Xu Chengcheng , Jiang Chen , Liu Yunqi
Published: February 2020

The helical long-period gratings (HLPGs) with resonance at high diffraction order are fabricated in single-mode fiber using a

C
O

2

laser. A series of HLPGs with different pitches are fabricated, and the phase-matching curves of the HLPGs with first and second diffraction orders are presented based on the experimental results. The temperature, surrounding refractive index (SRI), and torsion-sensing characteristics of the HLPGs with different diffraction orders have been investigated experimentally. The maximum torsion sensitivity of resonance at the second diffraction order is about 0.228 nm/(rad/m), which is twice as high as that of the first diffraction order cladding mode. The HLPG offers great potential to perform simultaneous multiparameter measurement due to the resonance dips at different diffraction orders having quite different sensitivities to temperature, SRI, and torsion.
Ultrahigh-Q silicon racetrack resonators
Authors: Zhang Long , Jie Lanlan , Zhang Ming , Wang Yi , Xie Yiwei , Shi Yaocheng , Dai Daoxin
Published: February 2020

An ultrahigh-Q silicon racetrack resonator is proposed and demonstrated with uniform multimode silicon photonic waveguides. It consists of two multimode straight waveguides connected by two multimode waveguide bends (MWBs). In particular, the MWBs are based on modified Euler curves, and a bent directional coupler is used to achieve the selective mode coupling for the fundamental mode and not exciting the higher-order mode in the racetrack. In this way, the fundamental mode is excited and propagates in the multimode racetrack resonator with ultralow loss and low intermode coupling. Meanwhile, it helps achieve a compact 180° bend to make a compact resonator with a maximized free spectral range (FSR). In this paper, for the chosen 1.6 μm wide silicon photonic waveguide, the effective radius

R

eff

of the designed 180° bend is as small as 29 μm. The corresponding FSR is about 0.9 nm when choosing 260 μm long straight waveguides in the racetrack. The present high-Q resonator is realized with a simple standard single-etching process provided by a multiproject wafer foundry. The fabricated device, which has a measured intrinsic Q-factor as high as

2.3
×

10
6

, is the smallest silicon resonator with a

>

10
6

Q-factor.
Intersectionality in autonomous journalism practices
Authors: Jeppesen Sandra , Research Group Media Action
Published: February 2020

Media activists who are women, queer, trans*, Indigenous and/or people of colour are shifting mediascapes through intersectional autonomous journalism practices. This community-based co-research project analyses data from six semi-structured focus group workshops with media activists, who identify a contradictory logic between mainstream and alternative journalism. Two distinct autonomous journalism practices emerge that complement and extend traditional horizontal prefigurative media activist practices through an attentiveness to intersectional identities and interlocking systems of oppression. In rooted direct-action journalism, grassroots autonomous journalists collectively report from a perspective rooted in the concerns of the movement, creating media as a direct-action tactic; whereas in solidarity journalism, autonomous journalists report across movements in solidarity with intersectionally marginalised groups and communities. We argue that, emphasising intersectional mutual aid, relationship building, consent, accountability and content co-creation, these value-based practices have begun to shift dominant media and cultural logics. Finally, we offer critical reflections on some of the challenges inherent in these practices, including a meta-analysis of the intersectional value practices in our activist co-research methodology.
Making media together: Experiences of Aboriginal participation within co-creative remote media production teams
Authors: McDowell Laura
Published: February 2020

This article outlines the findings of a research project that examined how participation can be understood, and subsequently improved, within collaborative, co-creative media practices. As a case study, the research project looked at Pintubi Anmatjere Warlpiri Media and Communications (PAW Media), a remote Indigenous media organisation (RIMO) based in Yuendumu in Australia’s Northern Territory. By means of 13 in-depth interviews, grounded in participant observation, the project examined how Aboriginal participation was motivated, enabled and limited from the perspectives of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal collaborators. The study revealed practices of Aboriginal participation at PAW Media that were highly valued by participants; nonetheless, limits to participation were noted and two conflicting views regarding improved practice expressed. Non-Aboriginal facilitators supported a transition towards greater Aboriginal autonomy over production, involving a handover of tasks and responsibility to their local Aboriginal counterparts; however, most Aboriginal media producers indicated that their participation was currently better served within a refined version of the existing co-creative structure.
Videolaparoscopic Treatment of Endometriosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mascarenhas Whallyson Pinheiro , Moura Stenio Santos , Maia Lucas Benevides , Maia Filho Pedro Hugo Bezerra , Leite Pedro de Sousa , Pascoal Mondeyv de Freitas , Rolim Francisco Felippe Araújo
Published: February 2020

Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of stroma and endometrial glands in extrauterine sites, which can compromise several sites. The definitive diagnosis of endometriosis is through laparotomy or laparoscopy. The objective of the present work is to analyze and evaluate the importance of laparoscopic treatment of endometriosis in the last 5 years. The present study is a systematic review of the literature, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) methodology. Of the 386 articles found, only 14 were included. The articles used show that the use of videolaparoscopy in the treatment of endometriosis is effective and has its advantages, but with some complications. One of the main factors is the delay in indicating laparoscopy, which can lead to late diagnosis and impairment of the reproductive future of these women. Keywords: Advantages, Laparoscopy, videolaparoscopy and endometriosis.
Uso de Psicotrópicos entre alunos de graduação do Curso de Psicologia / Use of Psychotropics among undergraduate students of Psychology Course
Authors: Duarte Maria Nathalia Francalino , Pereira Thalita Alves , Cavalcante Vitória De Oliveira , Silva Micaelle De Sousa , Pereira Janaina Batista , Beltrão Izabel Cristina Santiago Lemos de
Published: February 2020

O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi investigar a prevalência do uso de psicotrópicos entre acadêmicos do curso de psicologia, identificar o perfil socioeconômico e os tipos de psicotrópicos mais utilizados e discutir os fatores que levam ao seu consumo. A pesquisa foi conduzida em uma Instituição de Ensino Superior localizada no município de Icó, Ceará. Foi utilizado um questionário com questões objetivas e subjetivas e a análise ocorreu por meio do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC). A amostra foi composta por 52 acadêmicos. 17,30% referiram uso de substâncias psicoativas: álcool, maconha, ansiolíticos e antidepressivos. Encontrou-se a prevalência de fatores associados ao estresse, à ansiedade, à insônia e às responsabilidades acadêmicas. São necessárias discussões acerca da temática visando discernir e ampliar perspectivas de debate no meio acadêmico, assistencial e social relacionadas ao uso de psicotrópicos por estudantes universitários.
A Importância do Autoconhecimento para o Desenvolvimento do Repertório de Autocontrole / The Importance of Sel-Knowledge for the Development of the Self-Control
Authors: Santos Rayanne De Lima , Nogueira Clarissa De Pontes Vieira
Published: February 2020

O presente estudo possui o objetivo de evidenciar a importância do autoconhecimento para o desenvolvimento do repertório de autocontrole. Para isto, adotou-se o método da pesquisa bibliográfica por este estudo possuir um caráter descritivo e natureza qualitativa. Através da elaboração da pesquisa, foi possível constatar que o comportamento de autocontrole se caracteriza pela a modificação de variáveis ambientais com o intuito de aumentar a probabilidade da ocorrência do comportamento desejado, e para isto, há a necessidade do sujeito saber discriminar as contingências envolvidas na resposta, partindo da premissa que estas variáveis determinam o comportamento. A pesquisa também possibilitou demonstrar a importância da comunidade verbal e do comportamento verbal para a aquisição e manutenção de ambos os comportamentos. Desta forma, evidencia-se ao longo do estudo a relevância do autoconhecimento para a aquisição e manutenção do comportamento de autocontrole para o repertório comportamental do sujeito.
Redesenhando a Gestão do Tempo Pedagógico da Aula: Desdobramentos, Desafios e Possibilidades / Redesigning the Pedagogical Class Time Management: Development, Challenges and Possibilities
Authors: Moura Francisco Marconcio Targino de , Carvalho Albanisa Gomes De Moura , Ventura Sá Maria Auxiliadora Cavalcante , Vasconcelos Kemilly Mendonça Maciel Ventura de
Published: February 2020

As críticas às escolas trazem ao docente o desafio de reinventar-se para que a função do professor encontre-se em sentido e valor, atuando como mediador na promoção do equilíbrio do ensino e aprendizagem. As questões norteadoras dessa pesquisa foram: a) Como os professores planejam a gestão do tempo pedagógico de aula na perspectiva de melhoria de aprendizagem? b) Quais desafios apresentam os professores quanto ao redesenho da gestão do seu tempo pedagógico de aula? e c) Quais sugestões apontam os professores para melhorias do redesenho do tempo pedagógico de aula? Nosso objetivo geral nesta pesquisa foi investigar o redesenho do tempo pedagógico de aula do Ensino Médio de um Colégio Jesuíta, a partir do discurso docente quanto à execução, desafios e possibilidades para a melhoria da aprendizagem discente. Mais especificamente pretendemos: a) Analisar como os professores planejam a gestão do tempo pedagógico de aula na perspectiva da melhoria de aprendizagem discente; b) Identificar os desafios apresentados pelos professores para o redesenho do tempo pedagógico da aula no Ensino Médio e c) Apresentar as sugestões apontadas pelos professores para a melhoria do projeto do redesenho do tempo pedagógico de aula. Nossa pesquisa teve uma abordagem qualitativa, onde o método escolhido foi o Estudo de Caso. Nesse primeiro momento trabalhamos apenas com a coleta de documentos como instrumento de pesquisa. Assumir o redesenho do tempo de aula, pelas análises preliminares do planejamento e plano de aulas, nos levaram a observar que a resignificação desse ato e instrumento citado proporcionou também que o professor passasse a refletir sobre sua prática de forma a proporcionar ao aluno assumir o protagonismo de sua aprendizagem.
Os Desafios no Tratamento da Sífilis Gestacional / The Challenges in Treating Management Syphilis
Authors: Gonçalves Maria Marly , Silva Amanda Aldeídes da , Silva Dágila Maria Rolim da , Alencar Antonia Jozana Cavalcante , Mororó Darrielle Gomes Alves , Bezerra Martha Maria Macedo
Published: February 2020

Sífilis é uma doença sistêmica contagiosa e tem como principal via de transmissão o contato sexual, seguido pela transmissão vertical para o feto durante o período de gestação de uma mãe com sífilis não tratada ou tratada inadequadamente. Também pode ser transmitida por transfusão sanguínea. O elevado índice de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST’s) é um grave problema de saúde pública e motivo de preocupação mundial, pois, de acordo com a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) um milhão de casos novos de IST’s são notificados todos os dias.  O presente estudo objetivou descrever, de forma reflexiva, quais são as implicações relacionadas à saúde acerca da sífilis congênita, relacionando suas causas e consequências. Trata-se de um estudo bibliográfico reflexivo, com abordagem em pesquisa qualitativa realizado nos meses de outubro e novembro de 2019. Os artigos foram selecionados nas bases de dados LILLACS, MEDLINE e em Manuais do Ministério da Saúde (MS) utilizando os descritores: Sífilis, Infeções sexualmente transmissíveis e tratamento. De acordo com a pesquisa realizada, foi possível compreender a definição sobre a sífilis congênita e como ela pode ser prejudicial à gestante. Os resultados dessa pesquisa mostram que ainda há desafios no tratamento desse agravo de saúde e que um dos principais é a falta de informação, limitando as possibilidades de tratamento e cura que poderiam ser otimizados através da promoção da saúde e prevenção. Tendo em vista os desafios encontrados, é possível perceber que há a necessidade de novas técnicas e ações para redução de casos notificados no Brasil.