bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Do Interventions That Exemplify the Joint Principles of the Patient Centered Medical Home Affect Hemoglobin A1C in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Morgan Toyosi O. , Everett Darcie L. , Dunlop Anne L.
Published: November 2014

Objective:

To review the impact of the Joint Principle of the Patient Centered Medical Home (PCMH) on hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) in primary care patients with diabetes.

Methods:

Systematic review of English articles using approximate terms for (1) the 7 principles of the PCMH, (2) primary care, and (3) HbA1C. We included experimental and observational studies. Three authors independently extracted data and obtained summary estimates for concepts with more than 2 high-quality studies.

Results:

Forty-three studies published between 1998 and 2012 met inclusion criteria, 33 randomized and 10 controlled before–after studies. A physician-directed medical practice (principle 2) lowered HbA1C values when utilizing nursing (mean difference [MD] −0.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.43 to −0.28) or pharmacy care management (MD −0.76; 95% CI −0.93 to −0.59). Whole-person orientation (principle 3) also lowered HbA1C (MD −0.72, 95% CI −0.98 to −0.45). Studies of coordinated and integrated care (principle 4) and quality and safety interventions (principle 5) did not consistently lower HbA1C when reviewed in aggregate. We did not identify high-quality studies to make conclusions for personal physician (principle 1), enhanced access (principle 6), and payment (principle 7).

Conclusion:

Our review found individual interventions that reduced the HbA1C by up to 2.0% when they met the definitions set by of the Joint Principles of the PCMH. Two of the principles—physician-led team and whole-person orientation—consistently lowered the HbA1C. Other principles had limited data or made little to no impact. Based on current evidence, PCMH principles differentially influence the HbA1C, and there are opportunities for additional research.
The Effects of Peer Tutoring on the Aural Skills Performance of Undergraduate Music Majors
Authors: Furby Victoria J.
Published: November 2014

As workloads of faculty and staff increase in higher education, it seems important for new learning opportunities to be devised to improve individual progress through basic musicianship courses. Many university music departments rely on in-class instruction and individual work sessions with the instructors of these courses to enhance student understanding. The purpose of this project was to determine the effect of peer tutoring on the aural skills performance of undergraduate music majors. Success within the aural skills classroom was determined through evaluation of performances of sight-singing examples and melodic and rhythmic dictation exercises. While no significant differences were found between the control and treatment groups, informal positive benefits of peer tutoring were noted.
Preclinical efficacy of MEK inhibition in Nras-mutant AML
Authors: Burgess Michael R. , Hwang Eugene , Firestone Ari J. , Huang Tannie , Xu Jin , Zuber Johannes , Bohin Natacha , Wen Tiffany , Kogan Scott C. , Haigis Kevin M. , Sampath Deepak , Lowe Scott , Shannon Kevin , Li Qing
Published: November 2014

Key Points

N-Ras expression is essential for the proliferative advantage of acute myeloid leukemias with oncogenic NRAS/Nras mutations. Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibition prolongs survival in Nras-mutant AML by reducing proliferation, but fails to undergo apoptosis.
Optimization of electric bicycle for youths with disabilities
Authors: Blumenstein Tobias , Zeitlmann Hilar , Alves-Pinto Ana , Turova Varvara , Lampe Renée
Published: November 2014

Cerebral palsy is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders that affect a person’s ability to move and to maintain balance and posture. People with cerebral palsy have also perception and space orientation deficits so that special assistance devices should be developed to compensate these handicaps. The objective was to optimize an adapted electric bicycle (E-bike) for youths with neurodevelopmental disorders. An adapted E-bike was provided with ultrasonic sensors that measure distances to objects. If the distance to other objects reduces, an acoustic signal is sent. Additionally, a self-created force plate was fixed on the pedal to evaluate the muscle performances during biking. An experiment with the ultrasound warning system confirmed that acoustic feedback was helpful in avoiding obstacles. The measurement of the blood pressure, the heart frequency and the pedaling force during biking approved that the training condition of the test person can be registered and enables tuning the power of the electric motor to individual requirements. The results demonstrate that an adapted E-bike can be improved to provide better space orientation for people with perceptual disorders and to measure training conditions of patients. Moreover, these enable individual adjustment of the electric motor power to optimize comfort and therapy effect.
A genetic screen identifies Tor as an interactor of VAPB in a Drosophila model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Deivasigamani Senthilkumar , Verma Hemant Kumar , Ueda Ryu , Ratnaparkhi Anuradha , Ratnaparkhi Girish S.
Published: November 2014

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by selective death of motor neurons. In 5–10% of the familial cases, the disease is inherited because of mutations. One such mutation, P56S, was identified in human VAPB that behaves in a dominant negative manner, sequestering wild type protein into cytoplasmic inclusions.

We have conducted a reverse genetic screen to identify interactors of Drosophila VAPB. We screened 2635 genes and identified 103 interactors, of which 45 were enhancers and 58 were suppressors of VAPB function. Interestingly, the screen identified known ALS loci – TBPH, alsin2 and SOD1. Also identified were genes involved in cellular energetics and homeostasis which were used to build a gene regulatory network of VAPB modifiers. One key modifier identified was Tor, whose knockdown reversed the large bouton phenotype associated with VAP(P58S) expression in neurons. A similar reversal was seen by over-expressing Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (Tsc1,2) that negatively regulates TOR signaling as also by reduction of S6K activity. In comparison, the small bouton phenotype associated with VAP(wt) expression was reversed with Tsc1 knock down as well as S6K-CA expression. Tor therefore interacts with both VAP(wt) and VAP(P58S), but in a contrasting manner. Reversal of VAP(P58S) bouton phenotypes in larvae fed with the TOR inhibitor Rapamycin suggests upregulation of TOR signaling in response to VAP(P58S) expression.

The VAPB network and further mechanistic understanding of interactions with key pathways, such as the TOR cassette, will pave the way for a better understanding of the mechanisms of onset and progression of motor neuron disease.
Mechanisms of endoderm formation in a cartilaginous fish reveal ancestral and homoplastic traits in jawed vertebrates
Authors: Godard Benoit G. , Coolen Marion , Le Panse Sophie , Gombault Aurélie , Ferreiro-Galve Susana , Laguerre Laurent , Lagadec Ronan , Wincker Patrick , Poulain Julie , Da Silva Corinne , Kuraku Shigehiro , Carre Wilfrid , Boutet Agnès , Mazan Sylvie
Published: November 2014

In order to gain insight into the impact of yolk increase on endoderm development, we have analyzed the mechanisms of endoderm formation in the catshark S. canicula, a species exhibiting telolecithal eggs and a distinct yolk sac. We show that in this species, endoderm markers are expressed in two distinct tissues, the deep mesenchyme, a mesenchymal population of deep blastomeres lying beneath the epithelial-like superficial layer, already specified at early blastula stages, and the involuting mesendoderm layer, which appears at the blastoderm posterior margin at the onset of gastrulation. Formation of the deep mesenchyme involves cell internalizations from the superficial layer prior to gastrulation, by a movement suggestive of ingressions. These cell movements were observed not only at the posterior margin, where massive internalizations take place prior to the start of involution, but also in the center of the blastoderm, where internalizations of single cells prevail. Like the adjacent involuting mesendoderm, the posterior deep mesenchyme expresses anterior mesendoderm markers under the control of Nodal/activin signaling. Comparisons across vertebrates support the conclusion that endoderm is specified in two distinct temporal phases in the catshark as in all major osteichthyan lineages, in line with an ancient origin of a biphasic mode of endoderm specification in gnathostomes. They also highlight unexpected similarities with amniotes, such as the occurrence of cell ingressions from the superficial layer prior to gastrulation. These similarities may correspond to homoplastic traits fixed separately in amniotes and chondrichthyans and related to the increase in egg yolk mass.
Membrane-anchored human Rab GTPases directly mediate membrane tethering in vitro
Authors: Tamura Naoki , Mima Joji
Published: November 2014

Rab GTPases are master regulators of eukaryotic endomembrane systems, particularly functioning in membrane tethering to confer the directionality of intracellular membrane trafficking. However, how exactly Rab GTPases themselves act upon membrane tethering processes has remained enigmatic. Here, we thoroughly tested seven purified Rab GTPases in human, which localize at the various representative organelles, for their capacity to support membrane tethering in vitro. Strikingly, we found that three specific human Rabs (endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi Rab2a, early endosomal Rab5a, and late endosomal/lysosomal Rab7a) strongly accelerated membrane aggregation of synthetic liposomes even in the absence of any additional components, such as classical tethers, tethering factors, and Rab effectors. This Rab-induced membrane aggregation was a reversible membrane tethering reaction that can be strictly controlled by the membrane recruitment of Rab proteins on both apposing membranes. Thus, our current reconstitution studies establish that membrane-anchored human Rab GTPases are an essential tethering factor to directly mediate membrane tethering events.
Deficiency of the bone mineralization inhibitor NPP1 protects against obesity and diabetes
Authors: Huesa Carmen , Zhu Dongxing , Glover James D. , Ferron Mathieu , Karsenty Gerard , Milne Elspeth M. , Millan José Luis , Ahmed S. Faisal , Farquharson Colin , Morton Nicholas M. , MacRae Vicky E.
Published: November 2014

The emergence of bone as an endocrine regulator has prompted a re-evaluation of the role of bone mineralization factors in the development of metabolic disease. Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 (NPP1) controls bone mineralization through the generation of pyrophosphate and is elevated in dermal fibroblast cultures and muscle of patients with insulin resistance. We investigated the metabolic phenotype associated with impaired bone metabolism in mice lacking the NPP1 gene (Enpp1-/- mice). Enpp1-/- mice exhibited mildly improved glucose homeostasis on a normal diet but showed a pronounced resistance to obesity and insulin resistance in response to chronic high fat feeding. Enpp1-/- mice had increased levels of the insulin sensitising bone-derived hormone osteocalcin but unchanged insulin signaling within osteoblasts. A fuller understanding of the pathways of NPP1 may inform the development of novel therapeutic strategies for treating insulin resistance.
Interaktive Kunden als Herausforderung: Die Fallstudie „JOSEPHS® – Die Service-Manufaktur“
Authors: Roth Angela , Fritzsche Albrecht , Jonas Julia , Danzinger Frank , Möslein Kathrin M.
Published: November 2014

Kunden möchten vielfach mitgestalten. Mindestens das Produkt, das sie am Ende käuflich erwerben, soll nach Möglichkeit individuelle Wünsche erfüllen oder schlicht individualisiert auf den jeweiligen Kunden zugeschnitten sein. Dieser Trend setzt sich seit Jahrzehnten fort und hat dazu geführt, dass Kundenorientierung stark in den Fokus von Unternehmen gerückt ist und sich dies z. B. in der Anzahl an Varianten und Individualisierungsmöglichkeiten, die für ein Produkt angeboten werden, niederschlägt. Die Forschung hat auf dieses Phänomen mit Konzepten der interaktiven Wertschöpfung wie Open Innovation und Mass Customization reagiert, welche Produktivität trotz Individualisierung und Produktionseffizienz trotz Produktvielfalt ermöglichen. Doch in welchen Schritten der Entstehung und Entwicklung eines Produktes bietet sich die Interaktion mit dem Kunden vor dem Hintergrund ökonomischer Effizienzziele an? Und wie lässt sich die Partizipation des Kunden mit den Möglichkeiten der Wirtschaftsinformatik gestalten? In diesem Papier erfolgt zunächst eine Systematisierung sogenannter „Orte interaktiver Wertschöpfung“. Je nachdem, ob die interaktive Wertschöpfung in realer face-to-face-Umgebung eher ereignis-orientiert mit Kampagnencharakter stattfindet oder längerfristig und auf Kontinuität angelegt institutionalisiert wird, lassen sich temporäre und kontinuierliche Engagements unterscheiden. Zusätzlich können verschiedene Trägerschaften unterschieden werden. Schließlich wird die Fallstudie JOSEPHS®–Die Service Manufaktur vorgestellt, in der ein solcher Ort für interaktive Wertschöpfung konzipiert, implementiert, technologisch unterstützt und schließlich einer ersten Evaluierung zugeführt wird.
Preeclampsia Does Not Alter Vascular Growth and Expression of CD31 and Vascular Endothelial Cadherin in Human Placentas
Authors: Li Yan , Zhao Ying-Jie , Zou Qing-Yun , Zhang Kevin , Wu Yan-Ming , Zhou Chi , Wang Kai , Zheng Jing
Published: November 2014

Preeclampsia is characterized by maternal endothelial dysfunction (e.g., increased maternal vascular permeability caused by the disassembly of endothelial junction proteins). However, it is unclear if preeclampsia is associated with impaired vascular growth and expression of endothelial junction proteins in human placentas. Herein, we examined vascular growth in placentas from women with normal term (NT) and preeclamptic (PE) pregnancies using two endothelial junction proteins as endothelial markers: CD31 and vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-Cad). We also compared protein and mRNA expression of CD31 and VE-Cad between NT and PE placentas, and determined the alternatively spliced expression of CD31 using PCR. We found that CD31 and VE-Cad were immunolocalized predominantly in villous endothelial cells. However, capillary number density (total capillary number per unit villous area) and capillary area density (total capillary lumen area per unit villous area) as well as CD31 and VE-Cad protein and mRNA levels were similar between NT and PE placentas. PCR in combination with sequence analysis revealed a single, full-length CD31, suggesting that there are no alternatively spliced isoform of CD31 expressed in placentas. These data indicate that preeclampsia does not significantly affect vascular growth or the expression of endothelial junction proteins in human placentas.
Study of the Development of the Mouse Thoracic Aorta Three-Dimensional Macromolecular Structure using Two-Photon Microscopy
Authors: Zadrozny Leah M. , Neufeld Edward B. , Lucotte Bertrand M. , Connelly Patricia S. , Yu Zu-Xi , Dao Lam , Hsu Li-Yueh , Balaban Robert S.
Published: November 2014

Using the intrinsic optical properties of collagen and elastin, two-photon microscopy was applied to evaluate the three-dimensional (3D) macromolecular structural development of the mouse thoracic aorta from birth to 60 days old. Baseline development was established in the Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I-Deficient, Hypomorphic Apolipoprotein ER61 (SR-BI KO/ApoeR61h/h) mouse in preparation for modeling atherosclerosis. Precise dissection enabled direct observation of the artery wall in situ. En-face, optical sectioning of the aorta provided a novel assessment of the macromolecular structural development. During aortic development, the undulating lamellar elastin layers compressed consistent with the increases in mean aortic pressure with age. In parallel, a net increase in overall wall thickness ( p<0.05, in day 60 compared with day 1 mice) occurred with age whereas the ratio of the tunicas adventitia and media to full aortic thickness remained nearly constant across age groups (~1:2.6, respectively). Histochemical analyses by brightfield microscopy and ultrastructure validated structural proteins and lipid deposition findings derived from two-photon microscopy. Development was associated with decreased decorin but not biglycan proteoglycan expression. This non-destructive 3D in situ approach revealed the aortic wall microstructure development. Coupling this approach with the intrinsic optical properties of the macromolecules may provide unique vascular wall 3D structure in many pathological conditions, including aortic atherosclerosis, dissections and aneurysms.
Next Generation Digital PCR Measurement of Hepatitis B Virus Copy Number in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Hepatocellular Carcinoma Tissue
Authors: Huang Jing-Tao , Liu Ying-Juan , Wang Jin , Xu Zhi-Gao , Yang Ying , Shen Fan , Liu Xing-hui , Zhou Xin , Liu Song-Mei
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUND

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is strongly associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. False-negative results are common in routine serological tests and quantitative real-time PCR because of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) variation and low HBV copy number. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), a next generation digital PCR, is a novel, sensitive, and specific platform that can be used to improve HBV detection.

METHODS

A total of 131 HCC cases with different tumor stages and clinical features were initially classified with a serological test as HBsAg positive (n = 107) or negative (n = 24) for HBV infection. Next, DNA templates were prepared from the corresponding formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues to determine HBV copy number by ddPCR.

RESULTS

HBV copy numbers, successfully determined for all clinical FFPE tissues (n = 131), ranged from 1.1 to 175.5 copies/μL according to ddPCR. The copy numbers of HBV were positively correlated with tumor-nodes-metastasis (P = 0.008) and Barcelona-Clinic Liver Cancer (P = 0.045) classification. Moreover, serum cholinesterase correlated with hepatitis B viral load (P = 0.006).

CONCLUSIONS

HBV infection is a key factor that influences tumorigenesis in HCC by regulating tumor occurrence and development. ddPCR improves the analytical sensitivity and specificity of measurements in nucleic acids at a single-molecule level and is suitable for HBV detection.
Variability of the Reverse Transcription Step: Practical Implications
Authors: Bustin Stephen , Dhillon Harvinder S , Kirvell Sara , Greenwood Christina , Parker Michael , Shipley Gregory L , Nolan Tania
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUND

The reverse transcription (RT) of RNA to cDNA is a necessary first step for numerous research and molecular diagnostic applications. Although RT efficiency is known to be variable, little attention has been paid to the practical implications of that variability.

METHODS

We investigated the reproducibility of the RT step with commercial reverse transcriptases and RNA samples of variable quality and concentration. We quantified several mRNA targets with either singleplex SYBR Green I or dualplex probe-based reverse transcription real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), with the latter used to calculate the correlation between quantification cycles (Cqs) of mRNA targets amplified in the same real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay.

RESULTS

RT efficiency is enzyme, sample, RNA concentration, and assay dependent and can lead to variable correlation between mRNAs from the same sample. This translates into relative mRNA expression levels that generally vary between 2- and 3-fold, although higher levels are also observed.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study demonstrates that the variability of the RT step is sufficiently large to call into question the validity of many published data that rely on quantification of cDNA. Variability can be minimized by choosing an appropriate RTase and high concentrations of RNA and characterizing the variability of individual assays by use of multiple RT replicates.
MALT1 protease: equilibrating immunity versus tolerance
Authors: Bertossi Arianna , Krappmann Daniel
Published: November 2014

MALT1 paracaspase links signaling cascades emanating from adaptive or innate immune receptors to the canonical NF‐κB pathway. Now, Jaworski et al () investigate the physiological role of MALT1 protease activity in mice. Besides the expected requirement of MALT1 activity for immune activation, the study unveils a novel function for MALT1 activity for the development of peripheral tolerance. Thus, MALT1 protease can act immunogenic or tolerogenic, and this interplay will be highly relevant for the clinical development of MALT1 inhibitors.
Neoadjuvant antiangiogenic therapy reveals contrasts in primary and metastatic tumor efficacy
Authors: Ebos John ML , Mastri Michalis , Lee Christina R , Tracz Amanda , Hudson John M , Attwood Kristopher , Cruz‐Munoz William R , Jedeszko Christopher , Burns Peter , Kerbel Robert S
Published: November 2014

Thousands of cancer patients are currently in clinical trials evaluating antiangiogenic therapy in the neoadjuvant setting, which is the treatment of localized primary tumors prior to surgical intervention. The rationale is that shrinking a tumor will improve surgical outcomes and minimize growth of occult micrometastatic disease—thus delaying post‐surgical recurrence and improving survival. But approved VEGF pathway inhibitors have not been tested in clinically relevant neoadjuvant models that compare pre‐ and post‐surgical treatment effects. Using mouse models of breast, kidney, and melanoma metastasis, we demonstrate that primary tumor responses to neoadjuvant VEGFR TKI treatment do not consistently correlate with improved post‐surgical survival, with survival worsened in certain settings. Similar negative effects did not extend to protein‐based VEGF pathway inhibitors and could be reversed with altered dose, surgical timing, and treatment duration, or when VEGFR TKIs are combined with metronomic ‘anti‐metastatic’ chemotherapy regimens. These studies represent the first attempt to recapitulate the complex clinical parameters of neoadjuvant therapy in mice and identify a novel tool to compare systemic antiangiogenic treatment effects on localized and disseminated disease.
A General Unified Framework to Assess the Sampling Variance of Heritability Estimates Using Pedigree or Marker-Based Relationships
Authors: Visscher Peter M , Goddard Michael E
Published: November 2014

Heritability is a population parameter of importance in evolution, plant and animal breeding, and human medical genetics. It can be estimated using pedigree designs and, more recently, using relationships estimated from markers. We derive the sampling variance of the estimate of heritability for a wide range of experimental designs, assuming that estimation is by maximum likelihood and that the resemblance between relatives is solely due to additive genetic variation. We show that well-known results for balanced designs are special cases of a more general unified framework. For pedigree designs, the sampling variance is inversely proportional to the variance of relationship in the pedigree and it is proportional to 1/N, whereas for population samples it is approximately proportional to 1/N2, where N is the sample size. Variation in relatedness is a key parameter in the quantification of the sampling variance of heritability. Consequently, the sampling variance is high for populations with large recent effective population size (e.g., humans) because this causes low variation in relationship. However, even using human population samples, low sampling variance is possible with high N.
Positional Information, Positional Error, and Readout Precision in Morphogenesis: A Mathematical Framework
Authors: Tkačik Gašper , Dubuis Julien O , Petkova Mariela D , Gregor Thomas
Published: November 2014

The concept of positional information is central to our understanding of how cells determine their location in a multicellular structure and thereby their developmental fates. Nevertheless, positional information has neither been defined mathematically nor quantified in a principled way. Here we provide an information-theoretic definition in the context of developmental gene expression patterns and examine the features of expression patterns that affect positional information quantitatively. We connect positional information with the concept of positional error and develop tools to directly measure information and error from experimental data. We illustrate our framework for the case of gap gene expression patterns in the early Drosophila embryo and show how information that is distributed among only four genes is sufficient to determine developmental fates with nearly single-cell resolution. Our approach can be generalized to a variety of different model systems; procedures and examples are discussed in detail.
Has the use of fluoroquinolones facilitated the widespread dissemination of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in the healthcare setting?
Authors: Füzi Miklós
Published: November 2014

Our group recently demonstrated that diverse fitness cost associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones allowed the extensive dissemination of the major international clones of both methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multiresistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in the healthcare setting. The mechanism described by us was subsequently confirmed by British authors investigating the dynamics of MRSA clones in England. Our results imply that the use of fluoroquinolones should impact the incidence for both MRSA and multiresistant K. pneumoniae. A review of the related clinical studies mostly support this notion and shows that changes in the consumption of fluoroquinolone type antibiotics and the rates for both MRSA and multiresistant ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae remain usually in accordance. Though the association seems strong and the mechanism behind it unequivocal the use of fluoroquinolones should not be abandoned; a more judicious application can be recommended.
Validation of a general health belief scale and segmenting on the basis of its dimensions and sense of coherence
Authors: Kincsesné Vajda Beáta
Published: November 2014

Az egészségmagatartás olyan személyes tulajdonságokhoz kapcsolódik, melyek meghatározzák az egyén egészségének megtartását, visszaállítását, javítását. E tulajdonságok mentén történő szegmentálás az egészségkommunikáció hatékonyságának javításában igen fontos lehet.Kutatásunkban az egészségmagatartás demográfiai változókon túlmenő összetevőiként a vélt egészséget, a koherenciaérzetet és az egészséghitet vizsgáltuk. A vélt egészség a tényleges egészségi állapot alátámasztottan jó előrejelzője. A koherenciaérzet egyfajta kihívásokkal szembeni válaszkészségként írható le, amelynek kapcsolatát betegségek széles skálájával szintén számos kutatás támasztotta alá. Az egészséghit modell olyan elméleti keretet biztosít, mely az egészségügyi viselkedés átfogó magyarázatában segíthet. Kérdőíves vizsgálatunkban, melyben 448 fő vett részt, az egészséghit modell általunk összeállított általános szemléletű skáláját validáltuk, és dimenzióit (észlelt fenyegetettség, észlelt előnyök, észlelt korlátok, valamint saját teljesítmény) a koherenciaérzet (SOC-13) változójával együtt felhasználtuk olyan szegmensek létrehozására, amelyek tagjai egymástól eltérő egészségmagatartással jellemezhetők. Hasonló kutatás korábban tudomásunk szerint nem született. Eredményeink alapján a tudatos előrelátóként, a próbálkozóként, valamint a tehetetlenként elnevezett szegmensek különböztethetők meg egymástól. E szegmensek létezésének szerepét az egészségkommunikáció és a társadalmi marketing működésével összefüggésben tárgyaljuk, felhívva a figyelmet annak fontosságára, hogy megértsük az egyes célcsoportok igényeit és észleléseit, valamint hogy az üzeneteket a fogadói sajátosságokhoz igazítsuk.
Automatic and controlled monitoring processes in source memory
Authors: Batta Barbara , Király Ildikó , Tompa Tamás
Published: November 2014

Vizsgálatunk célja az emlékezeti előhívás során aktiválódó asszociatív és stratégiavezérelt folyamatok (Shingés mtsai, 2010) mechanizmusainak feltárása volt perceptuális forrásmonitorozási paradigma segítségével. E kérdést fejlődési kontextusba helyezve óvodás korú, kisiskolás és felnőtt személyek teljesítményét hasonlítottuk össze egy emlékezeti feladatban. A hétköznapi színűk alapján kongruens, inkongruens és neutrális képeket alakítottunk ki és mutattunk be incidentális tanulási helyzetben, majd azt kértük a vizsgálati személyektől, hogy emlékezzenek arra, milyen színű volt a tesztfázisban újra bemutatott, ezúttal fekete-fehér kép. Hipotézisünk alapján azt vártuk, hogy különbség mutatkozik a csoportok között az inkongruens és neutrális képek helyes színére való emlékezésben, azonban nem feltétlenül találunk különbséget a kongruens színű képek színének felidézésekor, elsősorban a már gyermekkorban aktívnak és érettnek mutatkozó asszociatív folyamatoknak köszönhetően. Eltérést találtunk a kongruens és inkongruens képekre való emlékezésben, illetve az inkongruens képek színében elkövetett hibák mintázatában. Eredményeink megerősítették hipotézisünket, mely szerint a gyermekek előhívási profilját a már érett, felnőttekhez hasonló, univerzális tudásra építő asszociatív folyamatok és az éretlen, gátlási mechanizmusokat is tartalmazó stratégiavezérelt folyamatok jellemzik.
Theory of cognitive group selection
Authors: Horkay Csaba
Published: November 2014

Az evolúció során a túlélés szempontjából sikeres élőlények választódnak ki. Az élőlények hosszú távon kizárólag csoport formájában képesek a túlélésre, ezáltal az egyedek viselkedését nem racionális csak az egyed szintjén értelmezni, hanem a csoport viselkedésének a célját és okait is indokolt figyelembe venni a csoport egyedei viselkedésének értelmezésekor. A boldogság és a depresszió alapvető emberi viselkedések. A depresszió egy energiahiányos állapot, ennek ellenkezője a boldogság. Az energia növeli a túlélés valószínűségét, az energia hiánya pedig csökkenti a túlélés valószínűségét az egyed szintjén, a csoport túlélési valószínűségét ugyanakkor növeli, amennyiben a sikeres egyedek kiválasztódnak a csoportból, a boldogság és a depresszió tehát dominánsan a csoport szempontjából előnyös viselkedések. Az általános kognitív csoportszelekció esetében az egyed szempontjából előnyös és hátrányos viselkedések egyaránt átadódnak genetikailag az utódnak. Az egyed élete során az elméjének azon része, amely a csoport érdeke szerinti reagálást irányítja, az egyed kognitív módon értékelt sikerességének függvényében alkalmazza a csoport szempontjából előnyös viselkedést.
In vitro sensitivity of Fusarium graminearum isolates to fungicides
Authors: Avozani Aveline , Tonin Rosane Baldiga , Reis Erlei Melo , Camera Juliane , Ranzi Camila
Published: November 2014

Head blight of wheat is a disease of global importance. In Brazil, it can cause damage of up to 27%. As resistant cultivars are not available yet, short-term disease control relies on the use of fungicides. The first step to reach effective management is to identify potent fungicides. In vitro experiments were conducted to determine the inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) for mycelial growth or conidial germination, according to the chemical group of fungicides, of five Fusarium graminearum isolates of different origins. The following demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides were tested: epoxiconazole, cyproconazole, metconazole, prochloraz, protioconazole and tebuconazole. In addition, azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin were included in the study, representing Quinone outside inhibitor fungicides (QoI), as well as a tubulin synthesis inhibitor, carbendazim and two ready mixtures, trifloxystrobin + tebuconazole or trifloxistrobin + prothioconazole. DMI's showed lower IC50 values compared to the QoI's. For the five tested isolates, in the overall mean, IC50 considering mycelial growth ranged for DMI's from 0.01 mg/L (metconazole, prochloraz and prothioconazole) to 0.12 mg/L (cyproconazole) and considering conidial germination for QoI's from 0.21 mg/L (azoxystrobin) to 1.33 mg/L (trifloxystrobin). The IC50 for carbendazim was 0.07 mg/L. All tested isolates can be considered sensitive to the studied DMI's, although certain differences in sensitivity could be detected between the isolates originating from one same state.
Reação de acessos e cultivares de Brachiaria spp. e Panicum maximum à Pratylenchus brachyurus
Authors: Queiróz Carolina de Arruda , Fernandes Celso Dornelas , Verzignassi Jaqueline Rosemeire , Valle Cacilda Borges do , Jank Liana , Mallmann Guilherme , Batista Margareth Vieira
Published: November 2014

A utilização de gramíneas forrageiras em sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária tem sido cada vez mais frequente no Brasil. Entretanto, alguns genótipos forrageiros podem hospedar fitonematoides, contribuindo para manter populações elevadas destes organismos no solo. Objetivando-se avaliar a reação de acessos e cultivares de Brachiaria spp. (B. ruziziensis, B. brizantha cvs. BRS Piatã e BRS Paiaguás, B. humidicola cv. BRS Tupi, e os genótipos B4 e HBGC 331) e Panicum maximum (cvs. Tanzânia-1 e Massai e os genótipos PM32, PM36, PM45 e PM46) à Pratylenchus brachyurus, realizou-se este trabalho. Como testemunhas utilizaram-se o milho BRS 2020 (suscetível) e milheto ADR 300 (resistente) à P. brachyurus. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação, na Embrapa Gado de Corte, Campo Grande-MS, em blocos casualizados com sete repetições, de maio a setembro de 2011 e de março a maio de 2012. Utilizaram-se cinco plantas por vaso, que foram inoculadas com 1.000 espécimes de P. brachyurus. Após 90 dias, avaliaram-se as populações de nematoides na raiz e no solo, com a finalidade de obtenção da população final dos nematoides e o fator de reprodução (FR). Determinou-se ainda a reação dos genótipos em relação à porcentagem de redução do FR. Com exceção de B. humidicola cv. BRS Tupi, com FR de 0,98 e 0,44, no primeiro e segundo experimentos, respectivamente, todos os materiais avaliados permitiram a multiplicação do nematoide. Em relação à porcentagem de redução do FR, apenas a B. humidicola cv. BRS Tupi e o milheto ADR 300 foram classificados como moderadamente resistentes, com reduções de, no máximo 90,58% e 94,73%, no primeiro e segundo experimento, respectivamente. Entre os genótipos de forrageiras estudados a maioria mostrou-se suscetível à P. brachyurus, apesar de variação do grau de suscetibilidade entre os mesmos. Dessa forma, em áreas com histórico de presença de P. brachyurus, a B. humidicola cv. BRS Tupi pode ser indicada nos sistemas de integração e/ou em rotação de culturas, como estratégia de manejo para a redução populacional de P. brachyurus.
Key factors to inoculate Botrytis cinerea in tomato plants
Authors: Borges Álefe Vitorino , Saraiva Rodrigo Moreira , Maffia Luiz Antonio
Published: November 2014

Studies addressing the biological control of Botrytis cinerea have been unsuccessful because of fails in inoculating tomato plants with the pathogen. With the aim of establishing a methodology for inoculation into stems, experiments were designed to assess: i. the aggressiveness of pathogen isolates; ii. the age at which tomato plants should be inoculated; iii. the susceptibility of tissues at different stem heights; iv. the need for a moist chamber after inoculation; and v. the effectiveness of gelatin regarding inoculum adhesion. Infection with an isolate from tomato plants that was previously inoculated into petioles and then re-isolated was successful. An isolate from strawberry plants was also aggressive, although less than that from tomato plants. Tomato plants close to flowering, at 65 days after sowing, and younger, middle and apical stem portions were more susceptible. There was positive correlation between lesion length and sporulation and between lesion length and broken stems. Lesion length and the percentage of sporulation sites were reduced by using a moist chamber and were not affected by adding gelatin to the inoculum suspension. This methodology has been adopted in studies of B. cinerea in tomato plants showing reproducible results. The obtained results may assist researchers who study the gray mold.
Antimicrobial activity of extracellular metabolites from antagonistic bacteria isolated from potato (Solanum phureja) crops
Authors: Granada García Sinar David , Rueda Lorza Antoni , Peláez Carlos Alberto
Published: November 2014

Microorganisms for biological control are capable of producing active compounds that inhibit the development of phytopathogens, constituting a promising tool toob tain active principles that could replace synthetic pesticides. This study evaluatedtheability of severalpotentialbiocontrol microorganismsto produce active extracellular metabolites. In vitro antagonistic capability of 50 bacterial isolates from rhizospheric soils of "criolla" potato (Solanum phureja) was tested through dual culture in this plant with different plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria. Isolates that showed significantly higher antagonistic activity were fermented in liquid media and crude extracts from the supernatants had their biological activities assessed by optical density techniques. Inhibitory effecton tested pathogens was observed for concentrations between 0.5% and 1% of crude extracts. There was a correlation between the antimicrobial activity of extracts and the use of nutrient-rich media in bacteria fermentation. Using a bioguided method, a peptidic compound, active against Fusarium oxysporum, was obtained from the 7ANT04 strain (Pyrobaculum sp.). Analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance and liquid chromatography coupled to mass detector evidenced an 11-amino acid compound. Bioinformatic software using raw mass data confirmed the presence of a cyclic peptide conformed by 11 mostly non-standard amino acids.
Estudos dos constituintes químicos e atividade antibacteriana do óleo essencial de Lippia gracilis a Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola "in vitro"
Authors: Santos Morgana Mateus , Peixoto Ana Rosa , Pessoa Esmailly de Sousa , Nepa Helena Brandão dos Santos , Paz Cristiane Domingos da , Souza Ana Valéria Vieira de
Published: November 2014

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de estudar a eficácia de óleos essenciais de Lippia gracilis, no crescimento in vitro de Xcv. Foram utilizados oito óleos extraídos de L. gracilis, obtidos de diferentes manejos de cultivo, em três dosagens diferentes (200; 250 e 300 µL.L-1), testemunha com o oxicloreto de cobre (controle padrão) e a testemunha absoluta. A suscetibilidade do isolado Xcv3 aos óleos testados foi avaliada na primeira etapa pela presença e ausência do crescimento bacteriano e, na segunda etapa, pela porcentagem de inibição do crescimento bacteriano. A análise da composição química dos óleos essenciais extraídos de L. gracilis, mostrou, o carvacrol (73,9 a 77%) como composto majoritário e o timol (4,9 a 10,3%). Os óleos referentes aos tratamentos 01, 06 e 07 foram os que proporcionaram maiores porcentagens de inibição no crescimento bacteriano de Xcv: 94,75%, 96,50% e 94,02%, respectivamente, sendo superiores ao oxicloreto de cobre (49,6%).
Fatores epidemiológicos de Phytophthora palmivora afetando a severidade da podridão-dos-frutos do mamoeiro na pós-colheita
Authors: Oliveira Thiago Alves Santos de , Blum Luiz Eduardo Bassay , Duarte Elizabeth Amélia Alves , Tavares Giltembergue Macedo , Luz Edna Dora Martins Newman
Published: November 2014

A podridão de frutos causada por Phytophthora palmivora é uma das principais doenças pós-colheita que acomete o mamão e outras culturas de relevância econômica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da temperatura (15, 20, 25, 30 e 35 ºC), do período de molhamento (0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 h) e da concentração de inóculo (10¹ a 10(7) zoósporos mL-1) de quatro isolados de P. palmivora provenientes do sul da Bahia (PP04 e PP20) e do norte do Espírito Santo (PP15 e PP16) sobre a severidade da podridão-do-fruto em mamão cv. Sunrise Solo na pós-colheita. As mais altas concentrações de inóculo testadas 10(6) e 10(7) zoósporos mL-1 provocaram as maiores áreas de lesão nos frutos, aumentando a severidade da infecção dos quatro isolados de P. palmivora testados. A severidade da podridão-dos-frutos do mamoeiro foi significativamente influenciada pela temperatura de incubação e pelo período de molhamento dos frutos, com maiores áreas de lesão nos frutos expostos a 25 ºC e período de molhamento de 72 h . Sob estas condições o isolado PP04 foi o mais agressivo, pois causou maiores lesões nos frutos (7126,29 mm²) que os demais isolados. Houve variação quanto à agressividade entre os isolados da Bahia e do Espírito Santo, tendo os últimos requerido uma concentração de inóculo crítica (CIcri) para causar infecção (10(4) zoósporos mL-1) maior que os primeiros (10³ zoósporos mL-1).
Produção de biodiesel de terceira geração a partir de microalgas
Authors: Francisco Érika Cristina , Franco Telma Teixeira , Maroneze Mariana Manzoni , Zepka Leila Queiroz , Jacob-Lopes Eduardo
Published: November 2014

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o biodiesel de 3 a geração produzido a partir do cultivo heterotrófico da microalga Phormidium sp., empregando amido de mandioca como fonte de carbono orgânico. Um planejamento experimental foi realizado para determinar as condições ótimas de temperatura e razão C/N. A partir da obtenção das melhores condições de cultivo desenvolveram-se cultivos em batelada e batelada alimentada em biorreator e avaliaram-se as características do biodiesel produzido. Os resultados indicaram que a temperatura de 30ºC e a razão C/N de 68 são as condições ideais do processo. As maiores produtividades em biomassa (50,41mgL-1h-1) e lipídica (7,49mgL-1h-1) foram obtidas no cultivo em batelada. Os ácidos graxos com maior representatividade foram os ácidos caproico (65,29%) e oleico (23,88%). As propriedades de combustão do biodiesel: conteúdo de ésteres (99,9%), número de cetano (54,88), índice de iodo (21,47gI2100g-1), grau de instauração (23,88%) e ponto de entupimento de filtro a frio (39,21ºC) se mostraram adequadas às principais normativas nacionais e internacionais
Adjuvantes nas propriedades físicas da calda, espectro e eficiência de eletrificação das gotas utilizando a pulverização eletrostática
Authors: Sasaki Robson Shigueaki , Teixeira Mauri Martins , Santiago Humberto , Madureira Ronaldo Porto , Maciel Christiam Felipe Silva , Fernandes Haroldo Carlos
Published: November 2014

Os adjuvantes têm sido empregados na pulverização de agrotóxicos, entretanto, ainda se carece de informações sobre o efeito destes produtos, principalmente quando se emprega o sistema eletrostático. O presente trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar dez soluções de pulverização (nove adjuvantes e uma testemunha), quanto às propriedades físicas (viscosidade e condutividade elétrica) e quanto ao espectro e a eficiência de eletrificação da gota na pulverização eletrostática. Utilizou-se um pulverizador eletrostático da marca Electrostatic Spraying Systems e modelo MB 4.0. Para avaliar a viscosidade, a metodologia de Ostwald foi utilizada, enquanto a condutividade elétrica foi determinada com uso de um condutivímetro, marca Marte e modelo MB-11. Na análise da carga elétrica presente na gota, utilizou-se a metodologia da gaiola de Faraday e a avaliação do espectro foi realizada por meio de um analisador de partículas a laser (Spraytech Malvern(r)). Os adjuvantes testados alteraram a viscosidade da calda, variando entre 0,94 e 1,03mPa s. Para a condutividade elétrica, observou-se que a água apresentou 67,7µS cm-1 e, com o uso de adjuvantes, o valor obtido foi de até 607,5µS cm-1. Quanto à eletrificação das gotas, houve aumento de até 50,14% na relação Q/M com o uso de adjuvantes, demonstrando que auxiliam na pulverização eletrostática. De forma geral, os adjuvantes reduziram o diâmetro das gotas pulverizadas
Light in intermediate acclimatization of in vitro germinated seedlings of Dendrobium phalaenopsis Deang Suree
Authors: Sorgato José Carlos , Rosa Yara Brito Chaim Jardim , Soares Jackeline Schultz , Lemes Camila Soares Rosa , Sousa Gisele Garcia de
Published: November 2014

The success in micropropagation of Dendrobium phalaenopsis Deang Suree is high, but when transplanted into the greenhouse, their survival is minimal. To increase survival in production in the present study it was evaluated the effect of intermediate acclimatization for 30 days in a grow room utilizing the following luminosity conditions: 1- white fluorescent light (B) (18.9µmol m-2 s-1); 2- white fluorescent light + red fluorescent light (GRO-LUX(r)) (BV) (14.85µmol m-2 s-1); 3- red fluorescent light (GRO-LUX(r)) (V) (9.45µmol m-2 s-1) and the control plants were accommodated directly in a greenhouse (162.0µmol m-2 s-1). After this the leaves were characterized anatomically and the plants transferred to the control greenhouse. It was evaluated survival percentage and final number of roots, and calculated the relations between the final and initial values of fresh weight, number of leaves, length and diameter of the largest pseudo bulb, number of pseudo bulbs and longest root length. Only plants submitted to red light, were statistically better than the control in relation to the survival percentage and in relation to fresh weight, while the control showed a higher number of roots that plants acclimatized in this luminosity conditions. Intermediate acclimatization, using red light or red + white light, is recommended for D. phalaenopsis Deang Suree.
Associação de ractopamina e vitaminas antioxidantes para suínos em terminação
Authors: Silva Roberta Abrami Monteiro , Pacheco Graziela Drociunas , Vinokurovas Sylvia Luiza , Oliveira Eduardo Raele de , Gavioli David Fernandes , Lozano Arturo Pardo , Agostini Piero da Silva , Bridi Ana Maria , Silva Caio Abércio da
Published: November 2014

Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar a inclusão de ractopamina e sua associação com as vitaminas antioxidantes C e E em dietas de suínos em terminação durante 28 dias antes do abate sobre o desempenho, as características de carcaça e a qualidade da carne. Quarenta e oito suínos da linhagem Agroceres PIC (24 machos castrados e 24 fêmeas) foram distribuídos em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 3x2, com três dietas: controle; controle + 10ppm de ractopamina; controle + complexo (0,05%) de ractopamina com vitaminas antioxidantes (10ppm de ractopamina + 200mg de vitamina E + 100mg de vitamina C kg-1 de ração) e dois gêneros (machos castrados e fêmeas). Foram avaliados o consumo de ração, o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar dos animais. Os suínos foram abatidos com peso médio de 100,81±7,81kg. Após o abate, as características de carcaça foram avaliadas e foram coletadas amostras do músculo Longissimus dorsi para a análise da qualidade da carne. Verificou-se diferença (P<0,05) para a conversão alimentar, conformação da carcaça e pH final da carne dos animais que consumiram rações que continham ractopamina. A oxidação da carne foi menor para a dieta com o complexo (ractopamina + vitamina) em relação ao controle (0,10mg kg-1 vs 0,13mg kg-1 TBARS). O marmoreio da carne foi maior (P<0,05) na dieta controle + ractopamina em relação à dieta controle. Os valores de vitamina E no músculo foram mais elevados nos animais que ingeriram as vitaminas antioxidantes (0,23 vs 0,08mg kg-1 vit. E). Conclui-se que a inclusão de ractopamina, associada ou não às vitaminas antioxidantes, promoveu melhora na conversão alimentar e redução da oxidação lipídica da carne