bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of monitor alarm management training on nurses’ alarm fatigue: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Bi Jiasi , Yin Xin , Li Hongyan , Gao Ruitong , Zhang Qing , Zhong Tangsheng , Zan Tao , Guan Baoxing , Li Zhen
Published: August 2020

Background

Chaotic monitor alarm management generates a large number of alarms, which result in alarm fatigue. Intensive care unit (ICU) nurses are caretakers of critically ill patients, the effect of alarm management affect patient safety directly.

Objectives

To evaluate the effect of monitor alarm management training based on the theory of planned behaviour for reducing alarm fatigue in intensive care unit nurses.

Design

A randomised, single‐blind trial. This article follows the requirements of CONSORT statement.

Participants

The study was conducted from February 2019–May 2019 in a tertiary A‐level hospital. 93 ICU clinical nurses were included, and they were randomly assigned into two groups.

Intervention

Nurses in the experimental group (n = 47) received a 12‐week alarm management training course based on the theory of planned behaviour. Nurses in the control group (n = 46) received regular training. All nurses’ alarm fatigue scores were measured with a questionnaire before and after the study period. Total number of alarms, nonactionable alarms and true crisis alarms were recorded continuously throughout the study period.

Results

For baseline comparisons, no significant differences were found. By the analysis of independent samples one‐way ANCOVAs, the nurses’ adjusted alarm fatigue scores at the post‐test in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (p < .001). After the study period, adjusted total number of alarms and nonactionable alarms recorded in the experimental group were both significantly lower than those recorded in the control group (p < .001). After the study period, no significant difference between the two groups was noted in the adjusted number of true crisis alarms (p > .05). The interventions did not cause adverse events in either group of patients and did not cause adverse events in patients.

Conclusion

Intensive care unit nurses’ alarm fatigue was effectively decreased by the monitor alarm management training based on the theory of planned behaviour.

Relevance to clinical practice

(1) Monitor alarm training based on the theory of planned behaviour is effective in reducing nonactionable alarms and lowering alarm fatigue in ICU nurses. (2) The intervention considering the social psychological aspects of behaviour is effective in rebuilding the nurses’ awareness and behaviour of alarm management. (3) Nurses are the direct users of monitoring technology. Hospital administrators should attach importance to the role of nurses in the medical monitoring system. We suggest that nursing managers implement training programmes in more ICUs in the future to improve alarm management ability and lower alarm fatigue in ICU nurses.
Kierkegaard on Imitation and Ethics: Toward a Secular Project?
Authors: Kaftanski Wojciech T.
Published: August 2020

This essay demonstrates the prominence of imitation in Kierkegaard’s ethics. I move beyond his idea of authentic existence modeled on Christ and explore the secular dimension of Kierkegaard’s insights about human nature and imitation. I start with presenting imitation as key to understanding the ethical dimension of the relationship between the universal and individual aspects of the human self in Kierkegaard. I then show that Kierkegaard’s moral concepts of “primitivity” and “comparison” are a response to his sociological and psychological observations about imitation from an ethical point of view. In the final section of this paper, I briefly engage Friedrich Schleiermacher’s “ethics of individuality” and Gabriel Tarde’s “laws of imitation” to explore Kierkegaard’s consideration of ethics and imitation as situated within the context of a broader conversation on imitation.
John Calvin and Virtue Ethics
Authors: Sytsma David S.
Published: August 2020

Many scholars have argued that the Protestant Reformation generally departed from virtue ethics, and this claim is often accepted by Protestant ethicists. This essay argues against such discontinuity by demonstrating John Calvin’s reception of ethical concepts from Augustine and Aristotle. Calvin drew on Augustine’s concept of eudaimonia and many aspects of Aristotle’sNicomachean Ethics, including concepts of choice, habit, virtue as a mean, and the specific virtues of justice and prudence. Calvin also evaluated the problem of pagan virtue in light of traditional Augustinian texts discussed in the medieval period. He interpreted the Decalogue as teaching virtue, including the cardinal virtues of justice and temperance. Calvin was not the harbinger of an entirely new ethical paradigm, but rather a participant in the mainstream of Christian thinkers who maintained a dual interest in Aristotelian and Augustinian eudaimonist virtue ethics.
COVID‐19 and Religious Ethics
Authors: Alimi Toni , Antus Elizabeth L. , Balthrop‐Lewis Alda , Childress James F. , Dunn Shannon , Green Ronald M. , Gregory Eric , Herdt Jennifer A. , Jenkins Willis , Cathleen Kaveny M. , Lloyd Vincent W. , Lo Ping‐cheung , Malesic Jonathan , Newheiser David , Oh Irene , Stalnaker Aaron
Published: August 2020

The editors of the JRE solicited short essays on the COVID‐19 pandemic from a group of scholars of religious ethics that reflected on how the field might help them make sense of the complex religious, cultural, ethical, and political implications of the pandemic, and on how the pandemic might shape the future of religious ethics.
The detection of oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders in Ireland: An observational study of 100 cases
Authors: Ahern John , Toner Mary , Van Harten Maria , Nunn June
Published: August 2020

Objective

To describe the diagnostic details of a sample of histologically diagnosed malignant and potentially malignant oral lesions from Ireland; to examine how these lesions were first detected, and by whom; and to determine whether factors influenced how these lesions were detected, who detected them, and the type of lesion diagnosed.

Methods

A retrospective review was carried out of the clinical notes relating to oral lesions histologically diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), carcinoma in‐situ, or epithelial dysplasia from biopsies performed in hospital‐based specialist units and submitted to a diagnostic pathology service based in Dublin, Ireland, between June and December 2015. In addition to sex, age, and smoking status, details were collected relating to the diagnosis, how the lesion was detected, and by whom.

Results

There were 100 cases reviewed: SCC (29), carcinoma in‐situ (5), and epithelial dysplasia (66). There were 49 opportunistic findings: dentists detected 47 (94 percent), and 51 presenting complaints: primary care physicians (PCPs) detected 30 (60 percent). There was a lower likelihood of opportunistic findings among males (odds ratio 0.41; 95 percent CI 0.18, 0.91).

Conclusions

Dentists in Ireland detected significant proportions of malignant and potentially malignant oral lesions as opportunistic findings, although opportunistic findings were less likely to occur among male patients.
Barriers and facilitators to provision of written consumer medicines information among community pharmacists in Malaysia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Fatokun Omotayo , Mooi Xin Yi , Helweh Osama , Rajagopal Mogana
Published: August 2020

Objectives

This study examined the barriers and facilitators to the provision of consumer medication information leaflets (CMIL) by community pharmacists in Malaysia and assessed the relationship between the participants' characteristics and provision of CMIL.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional self-administered questionnaire survey conducted among pharmacists working in randomly selected community pharmacies in the Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya, and the State of Selangor, Malaysia. Multiple response analysis was conducted to examine the barriers and facilitators. Chi-square test was used to assess the relationship between the participants' characteristics and provision of CMIL. IBM SPSS Statistics version 23 software was used for all statistical analysis. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

Key findings

A total of 162 participants were involved in the study. Response rate was 77.5% (162 out of 209) and completion rate 100%. The two most frequently reported barriers to non-provision of CMIL were because the customer has taken the medicine previously (29.4%) and the customer receives all the information they need verbally (20.0%). The two most frequently reported facilitators to the provision of CMIL were because the community pharmacists felt they have a duty of care to inform the customer about their medicine (16.3%) and the customer has a right to information about their medicine (15.6%). There was a significant association between the provision of CMIL and participants educational level (P = 0.005) and awareness of CMIL (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The key barriers to the provision of CMIL by the community pharmacists appeared to be related to attitudinal factors, while key facilitators appeared to be related to the professional obligations of the community pharmacists. Increased awareness and educational strategies would be important in improving the provision of CMIL by community pharmacists in Malaysia.
Digital Transformation Through Exploratory and Exploitative Internet of Things Innovations: The Impact of Family Management and Technological Diversification*
Authors: Ceipek René , Hautz Julia , De Massis Alfredo , Matzler Kurt , Ardito Lorenzo
Published: August 2020

This study examines the impact of family management on digital transformation with specific regard to the firm’s development of Internet of Things (IoT) innovations. Drawing on the distinctive characteristics of firms with family managers, such as the focus on family‐centered noneconomic goals, long tenure, emotional ties to existing assets, and rigid mental models, it hypothesizes that increasing family involvement in the top management team is negatively related to the development of IoT innovations that are distant from a firm’s existing technology base (i.e., exploratory IoT innovations) compared to exploitative IoT innovations. Further, the study proposes that the firm’s degree of technological diversification, especially in unrelated forms, reinforces this relationship. The longitudinal analysis between 2002 and 2013 on a sample of publicly traded German firms allows us to test our hypotheses from the beginning of the emergence of the IoT concept. Our findings show that due to the particular characteristics of their managers, family‐managed firms do not welcome the risks related to exploratory IoT innovations, and the benefit of risk diversification from technological diversification is lower than the cost of abandoning family‐centered goals. As our results imply that the involvement of family managers constrains the development of exploratory IoT innovation, the top management team composition in firms that intend to be at the forefront of the digital transformation should be accurately designed by avoiding a high proportion of family members.
Childhood restless legs syndrome: A longitudinal study of prevalence and familial aggregation
Authors: Pennestri Marie‐Hélène , Petit Dominique , Paquet Jean , Desautels Alex , Touchette Evelyne , Côté Sylvana , Tremblay Richard E. , Boivin Michel , Montplaisir Jacques
Published: August 2020

Restless legs syndrome is a relatively common neurological disorder in adults. In childhood, however, its prevalence and genetic contribution are still largely unknown. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) during childhood and adolescence in a large population‐based cohort and evaluate the degree of association with parental history. Data from a large, prospective longitudinal cohort from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development of 1,856 children born in 1997–1998 were studied from 2005 to 2013. The prevalence of RLS was assessed at ages 7, 8, 12, 13 and 15 years through a questionnaire completed by the mother. Parental history of RLS was also queried. Between 7 and 15 years of age, the yearly prevalence of RLS ranged from 2.4% to 3.1%, with a higher prevalence in boys than girls at 12 years old. The prevalence of RLS at any time during this period was 8.6% but only 1.8% of parents answered positively at least twice during the longitudinal study. This low persistent rate could be explained by remissions or the use of parental report. The prevalence was higher when there was at least one parent affected with RLS (13.0%) compared to children without a parental history (6.9%). Findings from this population‐based study confirm the high prevalence of RLS in children aged 7–15 years and corroborate the strong familial aggregation for RLS. Parents should be encouraged to inform the paediatrician about the presence of RLS in the family to help the diagnostic process.
Evaluation of the photodynamic efficacy and effects of haematoporphyrin monomethyl ether on Trichophyton rubrum microconidia in vitro
Authors: Pan Tiantian , Liu Xiaojing , Liu Chengcheng , Li Jiao , Ma Wenpeng , Qin Yannan , Chen Yunru , Lin Shumei , Ye Feng
Published: August 2020

Background

Current available treatment modes against dermatophytoses are often tedious and sometimes unsatisfactory. As an emerging and promising approach, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) attracts much attention in the treatment of superficial or localised infections.

Objectives

This work investigated the photodynamic efficacy and effects of haematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) on microconidia of Trichophyton rubrum in vitro.

Methods

The photodynamic killing efficacy of HMME on microconidia of two T rubrum strains was assessed by MTT assay. The effects of HMME‐mediated aPDT on the growth of T rubrum and cellular structure of microconidia were also investigated. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and flow cytometry were employed to study the intracellular localisation of HMME and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Results

HMME showed no obvious toxicity in the dark, but after light irradiation it inactivated the T rubrum microconidia in a light energy dose‐dependent manner, and inhibited the growth of T rubrum. CLSM demonstrated that HMME initially bound to the cell envelop and entered into the cell after light irradiation. HMME‐mediated aPDT also damaged the cell cytoplasm and increased the accumulation of intracellular ROS, resulting in cell death.

Conclusions

The results suggested that HMME‐mediated aPDT had potential to be used in the treatment of superficial infections caused by T rubrum.
Cingulate island sign on SPECT in a patient with aceruloplasminemia presenting slowly progressive dementia
Authors: Umehara Fujio , Hosoi Yasushi , Miyajima Hiroaki
Published: August 2020

A 63‐year‐old Japanese woman presented with slowly progressing dementia which developed over the two years prior to admission. She had a history of diabetes mellitus since the age of 30. Laboratory findings revealed low serum copper levels and undetectable serum ceruloplasmin. MRI showed a pronounced hypointensity in the bilateral putamen, caudate, thalamus, dentate nuclei, and cerebral cortex on T2*‐weighted images. ECD‐SPECT showed hypoperfusion in bilateral parieto‐occipital lobes with cingulate island sign. We identified a homozygous nonsense mutation (TAC to TAG) at nucleotide 537 in exon 3 of the ceruloplasmin gene in the patient, resulting in the diagnosis of aceruloplasminemia.
Humanitarian reason and the movement for overdose prevention sites: The NGOization of the Opioid “Crisis”
Authors: Foth Thomas
Published: August 2020

In August 2017, a group of activists erected in Ottawa's downtown a tent as a first overdose prevention site as a response to what the public and the activists perceived as an epidemic—a devastating wave of opioid and fentanyl overdoses in Canada. The Ontario premier was urged to declare an emergency that would provide increased funding for harm reduction and also send a message to survivors and families that the lives of their loved ones mattered. Thus, the discourses around the so‐called opioid crisis used a language of moral sentiments to legitimate political action. This “new humanitarianism” is considered a priori as good, but in this article, I ask what is politically at stake if we base our actions on the logic of humanitarian reason. The new universalism of humanitarian organizations is based on the individualism of human rights and thus on a moral imperative that replaces the political. Initiatives like the OPS movement often fill the gaps in social services in the absence of the state and address social problems as emergencies and public health issues, thereby transforming them into medical problems—performing the medicalization of sociopolitical problems. This is what I call the NGOization of the opioid crisis. This form of humanitarianism is a universalism of the temporal present without any universal promise for a better future or the amelioration of human conditions—it is a humanitarianism of emergency. What characterizes new humanitarianism is that it responds to situations of suffering that are the result of increasing inequality and injustices without addressing the root causes of this suffering. Not addressing these causes means to be complicit in perpetuating the inequalities and to restrict visions of possible alternatives.
Modified Anatomic Locking Plate for the Treatment of Posteromedial Tibial Plateau Fractures
Authors: Jian Zhen , Ao Rong‐guang , Zhou Jian‐hua , Jiang Xin‐hua , Yu Bao‐qing
Published: August 2020

Objective

To evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of a modified anatomic locking plate for the treatment of posteromedial tibial plateau fractures.

Methods

A retrospective study was performed in our department. Between January 2014 and February 2017, 11 patients with posteromedial tibial plateau fractures underwent surgery with the new anatomic locking plate for the posteromedial tibial plateau via the posteromedial approach. The study included 7 male and 4 female patients, with a mean age at the time of the operation of 39 years. During surgery, operation time and blood loss were recorded. Clinical evaluation was performed using the Tegner–Lysholm functional score, the Rasmussen functional score, and the Rasmussen anatomical score.

Results

The mean follow‐up time of the study was 35 months. The mean interval between the time of injury and the surgery was 7.4 days. Radiological fracture union was evident in all patients at 14 weeks. During surgery, the blood loss ranged from 50 to 150 mL, and the duration ranged from 55 to 90 min. The Tegner–Lysholm functional score ranged from 80 to 96 at the final follow up. Moreover, the final Rasmussen functional score ranged from 25 to 28, and the Rasmussen anatomical score ranged from 15 to 18. The mean knee arc of motion was 137° (range, 122°–153°). Symptoms of knee instability or severe pain were not found in any cases. No flexion contractures or extensor lag was seen. No infection, deep vein thrombosis, or graft site morbidity was seen at the follow up. No case of reduction loss or internal fixation failure was reported during the follow‐up.

Conclusion

With the clinical data of the small‐sample‐size population (11 patients) during a 19 to 60‐month follow‐up, the modified anatomic locking plate for the posteromedial tibial plateau proved to be safe and effective and is an adequate fixation method for the treatment of posteromedial tibial plateau fractures.
Management of cardiac arrhythmias in patients with autoimmune disease—Insights from EHRA Young Electrophysiologists
Authors: Gawałko Monika , Peller Michał , Balsam Paweł , Grabowski Marcin , Kosiuk Jędrzej
Published: August 2020

Background

Since arrhythmia treatment in patients with autoimmune disease (AD) is challenging, we aimed to assess the common “real‐world” practice in the electrophysiology centers.

Methods

Twenty‐four young electrophysiologists being part of European Heart Rhythm Association filled questionnaire regarding arrhythmia management in AD.

Results

Rheumatoid arthritis was the most commonly reported AD accompanied by cardiac arrhythmias. The most frequent observed arrhythmias were atrial fibrillation and premature atrial/ventricular contractions. Most often electrocardiographic abnormalities observed were increased heart rate variability, QT interval prolongation, and P‐wave dispersion, whereas echocardiographic abnormalities included left atrial enlargement, pericardial infusion, and left ventricular dysfunction. The most useful tool for arrhythmia management was guidelines and evidence‐based medicine, while training courses and websites were at least useful. A close collaboration with other specialists in arrhythmia management was reported in 58.3% of respondents. Glucocorticoids and cytostatic were the most reported arrhythmia‐induced drugs, whereas amiodarone and beta‐blockers were most effective antiarrhythmic drugs. The main reason that discouraged respondents from cardiac implantable devices implantation and catheter ablation was high infection complications risk and recurrences during long‐term follow‐up, respectively.

Conclusions

Scant data and guidelines enforce exchange of experience to improve the arrhythmia treatment in AD.
Can serum periostin, YKL‐40, and osteopontin levels in pre‐school children with recurrent wheezing predict later development of asthma?
Authors: Guvenir Hakan , Buyuktiryaki Betul , Kulhas Celik Ilknur , Civelek Ersoy , Kilic Suloglu Aysun , Karaaslan Cagatay , Genc Selcan , Dibek Misirlioglu Emine , Toyran Muge , Ginis Tayfur , Kocabas Can N.
Published: August 2020

Background

Currently, there are no reliable clinical tools available for predicting asthma in pre–school‐aged children with recurrent wheezing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of serum periostin, YKL‐40, and osteopontin biomarkers in wheezy pre–school‐aged children for predicting the development of asthma in school ages.

Methods

The study was prospectively conducted between 2011 and 2017. The clinical features of the pre–school‐aged children with recurrent wheezing and the levels of serum periostin, YKL‐40, and osteopontin were measured. The same participants were reevaluated in school‐age period, and participants with asthma were identified. Relative risk (RR) for the development of asthma was analyzed.

Results

Of the 197 pre–school‐aged children with recurrent wheezing who were reevaluated in school‐age years, 32% of them had asthma. Serum periostin, YKL‐40, and osteopontin levels at admission could not predict participants who would have asthma symptoms in school‐age years. The RR for continuing of asthma symptoms was higher in participants who had their first wheezing episode before 1 year of age, preterm birth, cesarean section delivery, prenatal smoking exposure, multi‐trigger wheezing, parental asthma, modified asthma predictive index positivity, prophylactic vitamin D intake ≤ 12 months, breastfeeding time ≤ 12 month, and aeroallergen sensitivity [RR (95% CI) and P value: 2.813 (1.299‐6.091), 0.002; 1.972 (1.274‐3.052), 0.009; 1.929 (1.195‐3.114), 0.004; 2.232 (1.463‐3.406), <0.001; 3.152 (1.949‐5.097), <0.001; 1.730 (1.144‐2.615), 0.016; 2.427 (1.559‐3.777), <0.001; 2.955 (1.558‐5.604), <0.001; 1.767 (1.084‐2.881), 0.016; 0.765 (0.556‐1.053), 0.016; respectively].

Conclusion

Results have shown that clinical features were more valuable than biomarkers in predicting having asthma in school‐age years in participants who had recurrent wheezing in pre–school‐age period.
Dissection of identical‐by‐descent segments during the formation of foundation parents derived from Suwan germplasm of maize
Authors: Guo Xiangyang , Wu Xun , Wu Wenqiang , Wang Angui , Liu Pengfei , Zhu Yunfang , Ren Hong , Chen Zehui , Luo Hongbing
Published: August 2020

Suwan germplasm plays important roles in maize breeding in tropical/subtropical regions, especially in southern China. To analyze the genetic characteristics of Suwan maize germplasm, one panel of 73 lines derived from the Suwan population and temperate resources were collected and genotyped using 56,110 single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. The results revealed four subgroups, namely, QR273, Ki32, HCL645, and PH4CV, with an average genetic distance of 0.304, varying from 0.001 to 0.370. In addition, many identical‐by‐descent (IBD) segments were found among Suwan germplasms and their descendants, of which 78 segments were detected only in the QR273 subgroup, 18 segments were detected only in the Ki32 subgroup, 53 and 11 segments were detected only in the PH4CV and the HCL645 subgroup, respectively. Pairwise comparisons showed that 13 segments were common between the QR273 and Ki32 subgroups, 5 segments were common between the QR273 and HCL645 subgroups, 26 segments were common between the QR273 and PH4CV subgroups. Five and 14 segments were common between the Ki32 versus HCL645 subgroups and Ki32 versus PH4CV subgroups. Three segments were commonly detected in the Ki32, QR273, and HCL645 subgroups. Candidate gene analysis showed that 132 genes were located in these segments, wherein seven new candidate genes were associated with flower time (FT)‐related traits, which were located in the IBD segments of QR273 or HCL645. Zm00001d033130_T005 and Zm00001d013768_T001 were located in the IBD segments specific to the QR273 subgroup. These two genes function in cell differentiation and flower development and would be very important for the phenotypic variations of the given FP subgroups. These results provide new insights and scientific proof for dissecting the genetic basis of complex traits and the utilization of Suwan germplasm in future maize breeding.
Intergovernmental Networks in Peace Operations
Authors: Akbulut‐Gok Isil
Published: August 2020

Notwithstanding the growing consensus on the benefits associated with cooperation among intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) in peacekeeping operations (PKOs), academic research has thus far neglected pressing questions of how IGOs collaborate within a network context in peace missions and how these interorganizational collaborations among IGOs, known as IGO networks, might account for the success or failure of these operations. More specifically, this study concentrates on how structural properties of IGO networks, such as the extensiveness of ties between network partners and the cohesiveness of such networks, may account for PKOs’ performance in accomplishing their core goals. A statistical analysis of all IGO peace operation networks since 1991 reveals that the density and centralization of IGO networks predict which PKOs are likely to be successful in accomplishing their core tasks of violence abatement, conflict containment, and conflict settlement.
Enhanced PD‐L1 expression on tumor cells in primary cutaneous large T‐cell lymphoma with CD30 expression as classic Hodgkin lymphoma mimics: A report of lymph node lesions of two cases
Authors: Takahashi Emiko , Tsuchida Takashi , Baba Satoshi , Tsuzuki Toyonori , Shimauchi Takatoshi , Tokura Yoshiki , Tamada Yasuhiko , Nakamura Shigeo
Published: August 2020

Neoplastic PD‐L1 (nPD‐L1, clone SP142) expression remains unclear in cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL), although it is well‐documented in classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL). Here, we report two cases of primary cutaneous large T‐cell lymphoma (PCLTCL) with CD30 expression that developed secondary nodal lesions morphologically mimicking CHL, and describe their PD‐L1 expression. Our two cases (52‐ and 60‐year‐old males) had long‐standing clinical courses of CTCL. Their PCLTCL with CD30 expression developed nodal lesions, having a nodular growth pattern containing scattered CD30+ Hodgkin and Reed‐Sternberg‐like and/or lacunar cells that expressed CD15 but did not harbor Epstein‐Barr virus. Their differential diagnosis from CHL was challenging. A diagnosis of PCLTCL with secondary nodal involvement featuring CHL mimicry was based on comparison of the primary and secondary lesions. In one case, shared expression of the same T‐cell antigen was revealed by immunohistochemistry, and in the other, identical clonal TCR rearrangement was demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Interestingly, nPD‐L1 was expressed on more than 50% of the tumor cells in the secondary nodal lesions, but on very few in the primary cutaneous lesions, in both cases. This is the first report of nPD‐L1 expression greatly increasing with PCLTCL tumor progression to nodal involvement.
Evaluation of a commercial intravaginal thermometer to predict calving in a Hungarian Holstein‐Friesian dairy farm
Authors: Choukeir Ali Ismael , Kovács Levente , Kézér Luca Fruzsina , Buják Dávid , Szelényi Zoltán , Abdelmegeid Mohamed Kamel , Gáspárdy András , Szenci Ottó
Published: August 2020

In this study, the utility of a commercial intravaginal thermometer was evaluated as an automated method for the prediction of calving in a total of 257 healthy pregnant Holstein–Friesian female cattle. The accuracy and the sensitivity of predicting calving within 48 hr before calving were also evaluated. The intravaginal temperature changes from 72 hr before and up to calving were significantly (p ≤ .001) affected by parity, season (summer vs. autumn), the time of day (8 a.m. or 8 p.m.) and the 6‐hr time intervals (38.19°C: first interval 0 to 6 hr before calving vs. 38.78°C: twelfth interval 66 to 72 hr before calving), while the gender (p = .943), and the weight of the calf (p = .610), twinning (p = .300), gestation length (p = .186), foetal presentation (p = .123), dystocia (p = .197) and retention of foetal membranes (p = .253) did not affect it significantly. The sensitivity of the SMS of expecting calving within 48 hr and the positive predictive value were 62.4% and 75%, respectively, while the sensitivity and the positive predictive value for the SMS of expulsion reached 100%. It can be concluded that the investigated thermometer is not able to predict calving within 48 hr accurately; however, imminent calving can be accurately alerted.
Twenty years of Baltic Boreal coastal meadow restoration: has it been long enough?
Authors: Kose Marika , Heinsoo Katrin , Kaljund Karin , Tali Kadri
Published: August 2020

The restoration of a threatened type of seminatural grassland—the Baltic Boreal coastal meadows—began in Estonia in 1997. The main causes of degradation of these communities were land abandonment and overgrowth by reed. In 2015, we resurveyed 14 sites and classified as (1) permanently managed or (2) restored before 2005, or (3) after 2005. In 2015, all sites were managed under the EU agri‐environmental scheme and classified as permanently managed or restored before or after 2005. The resurvey focused on assessment of the long‐term success of restoration, comparing the vegetation parameters of restored meadows with permanently managed meadows (which were considered as reference). Our study revealed that historical management patterns have an impact on the species richness of these habitats, as more species were found in historically mown meadows, even if the sites were restored by grazing. However, species richness was not an important indicator of coastal meadow recovery. The best indicators of restoration success are evenness and coverage of low‐lying, light‐demanding, salt‐tolerant, wintergreen, cryptophyte, and hemicryptophyte plant species. Phragmites australis is a good indicator species for the habitat, as its abundance indicates poor habitat quality. The study indicated that the recovery of coastal meadow habitat from abandonment requires more than 15 years of restoration activities, and suggested the 3‐year restoration period covered by conservation measures and funds is not enough. Therefore, we recommend that agri‐environmental schemes should support additional restoration activities for recently restored meadows which are entering the management scheme.
Using candidacy theory to explore unemployed over‐50s perceptions of suitability of a welfare to work programme: A longitudinal qualitative study
Authors: Neary Joanne , Katikireddi Srinivasa V. , McQuaid Ronald W. , Macdonald Ewan B. , Thomson Hilary
Published: August 2020

Welfare to work interventions seek to move out‐of‐work individuals from claiming unemployment benefits towards paid work. However, previous research has highlighted that for over‐50s, particularly those with chronic health conditions, participation in such activities are less likely to result in a return to work. Using longitudinal semi‐structured interviews, we followed 26 over‐50s during their experience of a mandated welfare to work intervention (the Work Programme) in the United Kingdom. Focusing on their perception of suitability, we utilise and adapt Candidacy Theory to explore how previous experiences of work, health, and interaction with staff (both in the intervention, and with healthcare practitioners) influence these perceptions. Despite many participants acknowledging the benefit of work, many described a pessimism regarding their own ability to return to work in the future, and therefore their lack of suitability for this intervention. This was particularly felt by those with chronic health conditions, who reflected on difficulties with managing their conditions (e.g., attending appointments, adhering to treatment regimens). By adapting Candidacy Theory, we highlighted the ways that mandatory intervention was navigated by all the participants, and how some discussed attempts to remove themselves from this intervention. We also discuss the role played by decision makers such as employment‐support staff and healthcare practitioners in supporting or contesting these feelings. Findings suggest that greater effort is required by policy makers to understand the lived experience of chronic illness in terms of ability to RTW, and the importance of inter‐agency work in shaping perceptions of those involved.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐B*44:452 allele by next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Genebrier Steve , Elsermans Vincent , Texeraud Emeric , Bertrand Gerald , Renac Virginie
Published: August 2020

B*44:452 differs from B*44:02:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution at position 527 in exon 3.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐DRB1*08:97 allele by next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Genebrier Steve , Elsermans Vincent , Nivet Carl , Chérel Mathilde , Renac Virginie
Published: August 2020

DRB1*08:97 differs from DRB1*08:03:02:01 by one nucleotide substitution at position 485 in exon 3.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐DRB1*01:106 allele by next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Genebrier Steve , Elsermans Vincent , Nivet Carl , Chérel Mathilde , Renac Virginie
Published: August 2020

DRB1*01:106 differs from DRB1*01:01:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution at position 355 in exon 2.
Housing (In)Equity and the Spatial Dynamics of Homeownership in France: A Research Agenda
Authors: Le Goix Renaud , Casanova Enault Laure , Bonneval Loïc , Le Corre Thibault , Benites‐Gambirazio Eliza , Boulay Guilhem , Kutz William , Aveline‐Dubach Natacha , Migozzi Julien , Ysebaert Ronan
Published: August 2020

This paper advances a research agenda on how asset‐based welfare policies, residential market volatility, stratified accumulation and vulnerability impinge upon the geography of inequality in property markets. Since the mid‐1990s, housing prices have increased faster than the income of buyers, becoming a driver of social polarisation and household vulnerability. Few studies have however explicitly linked socio‐spatial inequality to asset capitalisation, instability and vulnerability in residential housing markets. We employ an empirically‐grounded investigation of the factors driving and reinforcing these dynamics, what we conceptualise as a feedback loop mediating particular housing finance regimes. Drawing on three French cities (Paris, Lyon, and Avignon) our study develops a comparative framework to interpret the relational effects of price, equity and homeowner vulnerability on the production of inequality across different geographical scales. Our approach puts into conversation debates concerning housing markets, social inequality, and ordinary financialisation in the period since the Global Financial Crisis.
Multiple linear regression: Identify potential health care stocks for investments using out‐of‐sample predictions
Authors: Kieu Thinh , Luu Phong , Yoon Noah
Published: August 2020

College‐level statistics courses emphasize the use of the coefficient of determination, R‐squared, in evaluating a linear regression model: higher R‐squared is better. This often gives students an impression that higher R‐squared implies better predictability since textbooks tend to use sample data to support the theory and students rarely have an opportunity to work on real data. In this paper, health care stocks are used as predictors and the result demonstrates that high R‐squared does not necessarily mean high predictability and that multiple linear regression can be used in the study of data behavior. In particular, by learning the pattern of the near and far out‐of‐sample‐prediction errors for different time periods throughout a dataset, the near out‐of‐sample prediction errors can be used to control the prediction errors and identify a subset of predictors that can well reflect the trend of S&P 500.
Tensile strength and early healing of self‐locking and surgeon's knots
Authors: Weatherall Kathleen M. , Boone Lindsey H. , Caldwell Fred J. , Cole Robert C. , Cattley Russell C. , Lascola Kara M. , Clark‐Price Stuart C. , Farag Ramsis , Perkins Edmon , Hanson R. Reid
Published: August 2020

Objective

To compare the biomechanical properties and healing of ventral midline celiotomies (VMC) closed with a self‐locking knot combination and forwarder start and Aberdeen end (F‐A) vs a traditional knot combination and surgeon's start and end (S‐S).

Study design

In vivo, experimental.

Animals

Twenty‐one horses.

Methods

Fourteen horses underwent VMC, which was closed with either an F‐A (n = 7) or an S‐S (n = 7) knot combination. Incisions were subjectively graded by masked evaluators for dehiscence, edema, and drainage. Biomechanical testing was performed on three abdominal segments, and histology was performed on one segment from each animal after humane euthanasia 10 days post‐VMC. The abdominal wall of control horses (n = 7, no celiotomy) was collected for biomechanical testing.

Results

Forwarder start and Aberdeen end and S‐S horses had less tensile strength compared with control horses (P ≤ .001). No differences were detected between treatment groups for any variable evaluated, including tensile strength (P = .975), location of failure (P = .240), and histologic healing at the knot (P = .600).

Conclusion

Closure of VMC with self‐locking knots resulted in biomechanical and healing features similar to those with a traditional closure technique, with neither restoring the tensile strength of the linea alba.

Clinical significance

Results of this study provide evidence to support a clinical trial to evaluate long‐term performance of the F‐A self‐locking knot closure in horses.
Innovation in the Time of COVID-19
Authors: Sukel Kayt
Published: August 2020

Engineers are accustomed to collaborating with multidisciplinary teams while working with physical prototypes. In the age of COVID-19, that is often impossible. This article delves into how some engineers have learned to work together virtually—while developing new skills that will help them when they return to their labs.
Associations Among Physical Activity Level and Skeletal Muscle Antioxidants in Older Adults
Authors: Timmerman Kyle L. , Ballard Kevin D. , Deal Michael A. , Tagariello Lisa C. , Karrow Jenna M. , Volk Gabrielle A. , Meisler Adam , Connors Ian D. , Mott Rachael E.
Published: August 2020

Background: Endogenous antioxidants are critical to limiting cellular oxidative damage. Methods: The authors determined if habitual physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness were associated with skeletal muscle expression of endogenous antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) and circulating oxidative stress markers (serum 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine [8-OHdG]; oxidized low-density lipoprotein [LDL]) in older adults. Moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) was estimated using a validated PA questionnaire in 26 older adults (mean [SD]; M/F = 9/17, age = 68 [4] y, body mass index = 26 [3] kg·m−2). Maximal oxygen consumption was estimated using the YMCA submaximal cycle test. Skeletal muscle endogenous antioxidants and serum 8-OHdG and oxidized LDL were measured. Bivariate and partial correlations (controlling for body mass index) were utilized to determine associations among variables. Results: MVPA (1640 [1176] kcal·wk−1) was correlated with superoxide dismutase 2 (r = .55), catalase (r = .55), glutathione peroxidase 1 (r = .48), and 8-OHdG (r = −.41) (all Ps < .05), but not oxidized LDL. MVPA and 8-OHdG were not significantly correlated when controlling for body mass index (r = −.29). Estimated maximal oxygen consumption was correlated with glutathione peroxidase 1 (r = .48; P < .05). Conclusions: These data show that skeletal muscle endogenous antioxidant expression and circulating oxidative damage are associated with habitual MVPA in older adults. Thus, MVPA in older adults may be protective against reactive oxygen species damage due to higher expression of endogenous antioxidants.
Chapter 5: Using Social Media: One Physical Education Teacher’s Experience
Authors: Brooks Collin C. , McMullen Jaimie M.
Published: August 2020

Purpose: This study explored one physical education teacher’s engagement in an online professional learning community and her perceptions of its impact on her own feelings of isolation. Sense of community theory was used as a lens to explore the data. Method: Using a single instrumental case study design, the participant of this study was a female physical education teacher. The data were collected through semistructured interviews, public tweets (Twitter), and informal participant communication (Voxer). The data were analyzed using categorical aggregation, and codes with similar meanings were combined to develop themes. Results: Three themes were evident across data sources that represented her perceptions of participation in an online professional learning community: (a) taking initiative, (b) different support systems, and (c) stages of social media participation. Conclusion: Social media can provide a sense of community for physical education teachers, allowing them to feel less isolated.
Lung and gut microbiota are altered by hyperoxia and contribute to oxygen-induced lung injury in mice
Authors: Ashley Shanna L. , Sjoding Michael W. , Popova Antonia P. , Cui Tracy X. , Hoostal Matthew J. , Schmidt Thomas M. , Branton William R. , Dieterle Michael G. , Falkowski Nicole R. , Baker Jennifer M. , Hinkle Kevin J. , Konopka Kristine E. , Erb-Downward John R. , Huffnagle Gary B. , Dickson Robert P.
Published: August 2020

Inhaled oxygen alters the microbiota of mice and humans, which may contribute to oxygen-induced lung injury.
Donor fecal microbiota transplantation ameliorates intestinal graft-versus-host disease in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients
Authors: van Lier Yannouck F. , Davids Mark , Haverkate Nienke J. E. , de Groot Pieter F. , Donker Marjolein L. , Meijer Ellen , Heubel-Moenen Floor C. J. I. , Nur Erfan , Zeerleder Sacha S. , Nieuwdorp Max , Blom Bianca , Hazenberg Mette D.
Published: August 2020

Donor fecal microbiota transplantation restores gut microbial diversity and reduces graft-versus-host disease in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients.
Identification of a Novel Plasmid-Borne Gentamicin Resistance Gene in Nontyphoidal
Salmonella
Isolated from Retail Turkey
Authors: Kim Happy-Sarah L. , Rodriguez Ricardo D. , Morris Sydney K. , Zhao Shaohua , Donato Justin J.
Published: August 2020

The spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria presents a global health challenge. Efficient surveillance of bacteria harboring antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is a critical aspect to controlling the spread. Increased access to microbial genomic data from many diverse populations informs this surveillance but only when functional ARGs are identifiable within the data set. Current, homology-based approaches are effective at identifying the majority of ARGs within given clinical and nonclinical data sets for several pathogens, yet there are still some whose identities remain elusive.
Arcobacter
Identification and Species Determination Using Raman Spectroscopy Combined with Neural Networks
Authors: Wang Kaidi , Chen Lei , Ma Xiangyun , Ma Lina , Chou Keng C. , Cao Yankai , Khan Izhar U. H. , Gölz Greta , Lu Xiaonan
Published: August 2020

Rapid identification of bacterial pathogens is critical for developing an early warning system and performing epidemiological investigation.
Arcobacter
is an emerging foodborne pathogen and has become more important in recent decades. The incidence of
Arcobacter
species in the agro-ecosystem is probably underestimated mainly due to the limitation in the available detection and characterization techniques. Raman spectroscopy combined with machine learning can accurately identify
Arcobacter
at the species level in a rapid and reliable manner, providing a promising tool for epidemiological surveillance of this microbe in the agri-food chain. The knowledge elicited from this study has the potential to be used for routine bacterial screening and diagnostics by the government, food industry, and clinics.
Systematic Analysis of Escherichia coli Isolates from Sheep and Cattle Suggests Adaption to the Rumen Niche
Authors: Pang Jian , Liu Zhanying , Zhang Qiancheng , Lu Xuemei , Qi Qingsheng
Published: August 2020

As an important intestinal microorganism,
E. coli
is present in the intestinal tract of animals and in many other environments. However, it normally does not produce and secret cellulases due to its complex bilayer membrane structure and poor secretory apparatus. Here, we proved that
E. coli
is widely present in the rumen of sheep and cattle. Systematic analysis of the isolates indicated that they have adapted to the rumen niche, with phenotypes that include secretion of cellulase and fermentative accumulation of succinate and H
2
. The finding that overexpression of small heat shock protein genes
ibpA
and
ibpB
could facilitate cellulase BcsZ secretion, which provides a possible insight into the protein secretion mechanism of rumen-colonizing
E. coli
.
Investigations of Dimethylglycine, Glycine Betaine, and Ectoine Uptake by a Betaine-Carnitine-Choline Transporter Family Transporter with Diverse Substrate Specificity in
Vibrio
Species
Authors: Gregory Gwendolyn J. , Dutta Anirudha , Parashar Vijay , Boyd E. Fidelma
Published: August 2020

Vibrio parahaemolyticus
possesses at least six osmolyte transporters, which allow the bacterium to adapt to high-salinity conditions. In this study, we identified several additional osmolytes that were utilized by
V. parahaemolyticus
. We demonstrated that the compound DMG, which is present in the marine environment, was a highly effective osmolyte for
Vibrio
species. We determined that DMG is transported via BCCT family carriers, which have not been shown previously to take up this compound. BccT1 was a carrier for GB, DMG, and ectoine, and we identified the amino acid residues essential for the coordination of these compounds. The data suggest that for BccT1, GB is more easily accommodated than ectoine in the transporter binding pocket.