bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic-assisted versus open fronto-orbital distraction for unicoronal craniosynostosis: morphometric and technique considerations
Authors: Wu Meagan , Wagner Connor S. , Villavisanis Dillan F. , Ng Jinggang J. , Massenburg Benjamin B. , Romeo Dominic J. , Heuer Gregory G. , Bartlett Scott P. , Swanson Jordan W. , Taylor Jesse A.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

In an effort to maximize benefit and minimize morbidity when performing fronto-orbital distraction osteogenesis (FODO) for unilateral coronal synostosis (UCS), we have transitioned to an endoscopic-assisted approach (“endo-FODO”). This study compares photogrammetric outcomes of patients who underwent FODO via an endoscopic-assisted versus open approach.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed patients treated for UCS from 2013 to 2023. Photogrammetric outcomes at one to three years postoperatively were compared between patients who underwent endo-FODO and age- and sex-matched controls who underwent open FODO. Differences between pre- and postoperative periorbital symmetry ratios, canthal tilt symmetry, and orbital dystopia angle (ODA) were calculated.

Results

Twenty patients (ten per group) underwent surgery at a mean age of 6.1 ± 1.8 and 5.4 ± 1.1 months (p = 0.426) and were photographed at 1.6 ± 0.9 and 1.8 ± 0.9 years (p = 0.597) postoperatively in the endo-FODO and open FODO groups, respectively. Patients who underwent endo-FODO demonstrated significant improvements in margin-reflex distance 1 (MRD1) symmetry ratio (p = 0.004), palpebral height symmetry ratio (p = 0.004), canthal tilt symmetry (p = 0.020), and ODA (p = 0.009). Patients who underwent open FODO likewise demonstrated significant improvements in MRD1 symmetry ratio (p = 0.004), palpebral height symmetry ratio (p = 0.033), and ODA (p = 0.004). All postoperative measurements as well as degrees of improvement were similar between groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

Endo- and open FODO were associated with significant and comparable improvements in soft tissue periorbital symmetry and orbital dystopia at nearly two years postoperatively. While continued follow-up until cranial maturity is needed to assess the durability of aesthetic results, these data support a minimally invasive, endoscopic alternative to fronto-orbital distraction.
Novel models by machine learning to predict the risk of cardiac disease-specific death in young patients with breast cancer
Authors: Li Yi , Li Handong , Ye Xuan , Zhu Zhigang , Qiu Yixuan
Published: December 2024

Background

With the tremendous leap of various adjuvant therapies, breast cancer (BC)-related deaths have decreased significantly. Increasing attention was focused on the effect of cardiac disease on BC survivors, while limited existing population-based studies lay emphasis on the young age population.

Method

Data of BC patients aged less than 50 years was collected from the SEER database. A competing risk model was introduced to analyze the effects of clinicopathology variables on the cardiac disease-specific death (CDSD) risks of these patients. Further, an XGBoost prediction model was constructed to predict the risk of CDSD. Prediction performance was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, area under the POC curve (AUC) values, calibration curves, decision curves, and confusion matrix, and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) were used to interpret the models.

Results

Our competing risk analysis proved that young BC patients with older age, low household income, non-metropolitan residential environment, black race, unmarried status, HR + subtype, higher T stage (T2-4), receiving chemotherapy, and non-surgery are under higher risk of CDSD. Further, five machine learning models were constructed to predict the CDSD risks of young BC patients, among which the XGBoost models showed the highest AUC value (train set: AUC = 0.846; test set: AUC = 0.836). The confusion matrix of the XGBoost model demonstrated that the sensitivity, specificity, and correction were 0.81, 0.94, and 0.94 for the train set, and 0.82, 0.95, and 0.96 for the test set, respectively. The SHAP graph indicated that median household income, marital status, race, and age at diagnosis were the top four strongest predictors.

Conclusion

Independent CDSD risk factors for young BC patients were identified, and machine-learning prognostic models were constructed to predict their CDSD risks. Our validation results indicated that the predicted probability of our XGBoost model agrees well with the actual CDSD risks, and it can help recognize high-risk populations and therefore develop effective cardioprotection strategies. Hopefully, our findings can support the growth of the new field of cardio-oncology.
Quantification of growth and physiological characteristics in tolerant and sensitive watermelon lines under cold treatment
Authors: Yaseen Ijaz , Choi Sanha , Mukhtar Tariq , Park Jong-In , Kim Hoy-Taek
Published: December 2024

Biochemical and physiological processes serve as key indicators for assessing the adverse effects of biotic and abiotic stressors in plants. Due to the limited and incomplete information on the growth, root morphology, and physiology of watermelon lines under cold stress in Korea, this study aimed to evaluate selected cold-tolerant lines (PI254744, SW20, and SW66) and cold-sensitive lines (PI525233 and SW54). The evaluation was based on root and shoot weight, root and shoot length, root morphology, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids), and levels of proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), and soluble sugars in root and leaf samples collected at various time points. Two treatments were conducted: one at 28 °C as a control and one at 10 °C to simulate cold stress. The results revealed a decline in growth variables under cold stress compared to the control across all lines. However, the disintegration of root cellular structures and reduction in growth variables were less severe in the tolerant watermelon lines than in the sensitive ones. Under cold stress, proline, MDA, and soluble sugar levels increased in all watermelon lines relative to the control. Notably, the tolerant lines displayed elevated proline and soluble sugar levels, while the sensitive lines had higher MDA content. Furthermore, photosynthetic pigment levels were generally lower in all lines during cold treatment compared to the control, though the reduction was less pronounced in the tolerant lines than in the sensitive ones. A significant positive correlation was found between the percentage reduction in total chlorophyll content and the percentage reduction in growth variables. The lesser reduction in photosynthetic pigments, combined with higher levels of osmoprotectants (proline and soluble sugars) and lower MDA levels in the tolerant lines during cold stress, may suggest underlying mechanisms that warrant further biochemical and molecular studies to better understand cold resistance.
Properties of alkali activated cellular lightweight binder blocks with industrial and agro waste
Authors: Ganta Mounika , Jyosyula Sri Kalyana Rama , Baskar Ramesh
Published: December 2024

The construction industry is continuously seeking sustainable alternatives to conventional building materials. Alkali-Activated Cellular Lightweight Binder Blocks (AACLBs) present a promising solution by utilizing alkali activation technology to augment the properties of lightweight concrete. This research focuses on optimizing the composition of AACLBs by replacing conventional binders with alkali-activated materials derived from industrial by-products and agro waste with the help of a protein based foaming agent (FA). The industrial waste materials investigated include Fly Ash (F) and Blast Furnace Slag (BFS) while agro waste such as Rice Husk Ash (RHA) are considered as sustainable alternatives. With Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) and Sodium Silicate (Na2SiO3) as activators, 8 different combinations are adopted in this study. Properties such as density and compressive strength (CS) are analyzed to assess the structural capabilities of the AACLBs and are compared with that of cement-based blends. The alkaline solution to binder ratio is kept constant as 2.5 for two dilution ratios (1:30 & 1:60) and ambient curing is adopted. The target densities for conventional cement-based mixes are set as 1200–1600 kg/m3 and 1500–1800 kg/m3 for alkali-based mixes. The findings show that, the highest CS of 42.76 MPa and a density of 1870 kg/m3 is observed for FB1 combination at a dilution ratio of 1:30. Conversely, the FBR2 combination at a dilution ratio of 1:60 yielded a CS of 21.23 MPa, accompanied by a minimum density of 988 kg/m3.
Validation of perceived invalidation of emotion scale (PIES) in Iranian populations
Authors: Rezaei Mehdi , Paripishbar Zahra , Khazaei Samaneh
Published: December 2024

Background

The examination of the psychometric properties of the PIES in Eastern cultures has remained unexplored. The current study aims to explore the psychometric features of the PIES in Iranian populations.

Methods

A total of 2250 participants (clinical sample = 177, student samples = 1762, general population = 311) completed the following questionnaires: Perceived Invalidation of Emotion Scale (PIES), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short form (CTQ-SF), Depression, Anxiety and Stress (DASS-2), and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-16 (DERS-16). The psychometric qualities of the PIES were examined using construct, convergent, discriminant, incremental, and predictive validities together with internal consistency and test–retest reliability.

Results

The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the PIES had a unifactorial structure. Support was found for internal consistency as well as for test–retest reliability. In addition, the PIES scores significantly predicted emotional distress over time and had positive correlations with emotional dysregulation, childhood traumas, anxiety, stress, and depression. The PIES was also found to discriminate the clinical from nonclinical populations. Finally, PIES demonstrated adequate incremental validity.

Conclusion

Despite the limitations of the current study and the need for additional research, the findings indicate that the PIES with unifactorial structure is a reliable and valid scale among Iranian populations.
A Republic of Sympathy
Authors: McCrudden Illert Kathleen
Published: December 2024

Sophie de Grouchy was a political philosopher and activist practising at the centre of Revolutionary events in France between 1789 and 1815. Despite this, her contributions to the development of political thought are often overlooked, with Grouchy commonly falling under the shadow of her husband Nicolas de Caritat, the marquis de Condorcet. A Republic of Sympathy instead situates Grouchy as a significant figure among her contemporaries, offering the first complete exploration of her shifting thought and practice across this period of societal upheaval. Kathleen McCrudden Illert analyses texts newly attributed to Grouchy and examines her intellectual collaborations, demonstrating how Grouchy continued to develop a unique philosophy which placed sympathy as the glue between the individual and the political community. The study also explores Grouchy's connections with her peers and interlocutors, from Adam Smith and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, to Thomas Paine and Jacques Pierre Brissot. In doing so, it argues powerfully for Grouchy's reintegration into the history of European political thought.
Polluted Politics
Authors: Davis John-Michael , Garb Yaakov
Published: December 2024

This book describes the politically charged afterlife of Israeli electronics gathered by and processed in a cluster of rural Palestinian villages that has emerged as an informal regional e-waste hub. As with many such hubs throughout the global South, rudimentary recycling practices represent a remarkable entrepreneurial means of livelihood amidst poverty and constraint, that generates staggering damage to local health and the environment, with tensions between these reaching a breaking point. John-Michael Davis and Yaakov Garb draw on a decade of community-based action research with and within these villages to contextualise the emergence, realities and future options of the Palestinian hub within both the geo-political realities of Israel's occupation of the West Bank as well as shifting understandings of e-waste and recycling dynamics and policies globally. Their stories and analysis are a poignant window into this troubled region and a key sustainability challenge in polarized globalized world.
NOTES FROM ROME 2023–24
Authors: Siwicki Christopher
Published: December 2024

This gazette presents to the reader outside Rome news of recent archaeological activity (July 2023–July 2024) gleaned from public lectures, conferences, exhibitions and newspaper reports.
The Role of Science and Historiography in the Development of Transnational Environmental Law: A New History of the 1900 London Convention for the Preservation of African Wildlife
Authors: Hickling James
Published: December 2024

Historiographic studies of transnational environmental law (TEL) are increasingly relevant as scholars and practitioners search for ways in which to deliver more quickly and efficiently effective regulation that is responsive to global environmental issues. This article uses new and original archival research to better locate the Convention for the Preservation of Wild Animals, Birds and Fish in Africa (1900 London Convention) in its legal-scientific historical context. Most of the scholarship on this topic draws on historian John M. MacKenzie's groundbreaking analysis of what he called ‘the hunting cult’ and its role in the imperial advance into India, Africa, and elsewhere. When viewed through the dual lens of legal history and the history of science, the late 19th and early 20th centuries represented a period of transition during which a new science-based perspective advanced by evolutionary biologists was embraced by science-minded policymakers, and expressed in domestic law and foreign policy aimed at the preservation of endangered species and the protection of biodiversity. The 1900 London Convention is an early example of a modern TEL instrument informed by science and by values that today most recognize as being critically important and universal. The new history in this article also resonates as an example of how polarizing political narratives can delay law reform and the importance of maintaining focus on collaborative problem solving and science-based regulation of complex transnational environmental issues.
Memory Underpinnings of Decision-Making Competence
Authors: Del Missier Fabio , Mäntylä Timo , Parker Andrew M. , Stragà Marta , Weller Joshua , Bruine de Bruin Wändi
Published: December 2024

Abstract: Decision-making competence refers to the ability to make judgments and decisions that follow normative criteria of rationality. Here, we review research on memory skills underlying decision-making competence from an adult lifespan perspective. First, we discuss how aspects of decision-making competence are associated with memory skills, and how situational and strategic variations may modulate these relationships. Then, we examine the relationships between age-related differences in decision-making competence and age-related differences in memory skills. Because the relationship between memory and decision-making may be reciprocal, we also consider research on how decisions may affect memory. Next, we discuss how decision-making competence may be built and maintained across the adult lifespan. Finally, we highlight open questions and propose possible future research directions.
The serum biomarkers NSE and S100B predict intracranial complications and in-hospital survival in patients undergoing veno-venous ECMO
Authors: Walther Janine , Schmandt Mathias , Muenster Stefan , Kreyer Stefan Franz X. , Thudium Marcus , Lehmann Felix , Zimmermann Julian , Putensen Christian , Schewe Jens-Christian , Weller Johannes , Ehrentraut Stefan Felix
Published: December 2024

Neurological complications in patients undergoing veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO) are challenging, with new intracranial pathologies posing a grave risk. We aimed to evaluate the utility of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100B biomarkers for predicting outcomes in new-onset intracranial pathology during V-V ECMO. A retrospective analysis spanning 2013–2021 at a German university hospital was conducted. Cases with electronically available data on NSE and S100B serum levels, new intracranial pathologies (intracerebral hemorrhage [ICH], subarachnoid hemorrhage [SAH], cerebral ischemia, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy [HIE]), and survival during or after V-V ECMO were screened. The primary objective was to assess the prognostic value of NSE and S100B for in-hospital survival during V-V ECMO. Secondary objectives included analyzing clinical characteristics, outcome parameters, and biomarker distribution in V-V ECMO patients. Additionally, the prognostic value of NSE and S100B for in-hospital death and occurrence of intracranial pathology was calculated. Among 744 ECMO recipients, 426 underwent V-V ECMO. No significant differences in disease severity or organ failure scores were observed between groups, except for SAPS at discharge, which was higher in patients with new intracranial pathologies. Patients with new intracranial pathologies had lower median survival and higher in-hospital mortality. Weaning success from ECMO was also significantly reduced in these patients. Cut-off values of 58.4 µg/lfor NSE and 1.52 µg/l for S100B were associated with detrimental outcomes, characterized by significantly reduced median survival. A significant difference in maximum serum NSE concentration was found between patients with and without new intracranial pathology. All screened cases with new intracranial pathology had an unfavorable neurological outcome (modified Rankin Score [mRS] > 3) at discharge, with a higher proportion having an mRS of 6 in the high NSE group. The emergence of intracranial pathology during V-V ECMO significantly increases the risk of death. Changes in NSE and S100B levels serve as valuable follow-up parameters for predicting new intracranial pathology and survival during V-V ECMO therapy.
Unlocking an additive-free and catalyst-free dual approach for reduction of amides to amines
Authors: Chowdhury Deep , Mukherjee Arup
Published: December 2024

A two-fold strategy to convert amides to amines in the presence of dimethylamine-borane as the hydrogen source is reported. Several amides undergo reduction to the corresponding amines swiftly in good-to-excellent yields.
Reaction mechanism with indano[60]fullerene bromide for evaporable fullerene derivatives
Authors: Amada Hirofumi , Zhai Yong-Chang , Yamanaka Koki , Shui Qing-Jun , Oyama Kin-ichi , Miwa Kazuhira , Lin Hao-Sheng , Matsuo Yutaka
Published: December 2024

Indano[60]fullerene bromide was isolated as a key intermediate in the synthesis of indano[60]fullerene ketone, an evaporable fullerene derivative.
The cubic structure of Li3As stabilized by pressure or configurational entropy via the solid solution Li3As–Li2Se
Authors: Schmid Martin , Pielnhofer Florian , Pfitzner Arno
Published: December 2024

Cubic Li3As (Li3Bi structure type) can be synthesized under high-pressure conditions. The cubic structure of Li3As can also be stabilized in the solid solution Li3As–Li2Se via mechanochemical synthesis, resulting in enhanced lithium-ion conductivity.
Strategies for beating the bitter taste of pharmaceutical formulations towards better therapeutic outcomes
Authors: Sanjay Lohare Rahul , Ashokbhai Makka Krupali , Ghatole Shubham , Roy Subhadeep , Kashinath Kardile Punam , Kaity Santanu
Published: December 2024

Pharmaceutical taste masking technologies and evaluation techniques.
4b + X via electroweak multi-Higgs production as smoking gun signals for Type-I 2HDM at the LHC
Authors: Sanyal Prasenjit , Mondal Tanmoy , Moretti Stefano , Munir Shoaib
Published: December 2024

Extending the Standard Model (SM) by one additional Higgs doublet leads to the Two-Higgs Doublet Model (2HDM). A specific charge assignment of the SM fermions under the Z2 symmetry leads to the Type-I 2HDM. A key feature of the Type-I 2HDM is that all the additional Higgs bosons can be fermiophobic, when their couplings to the SM fermions are suppressed. As a result, all the new Higgs states can be fairly light, ~ 100 GeV or less, without being in conflict with the current data from the direct Higgs boson searches and the B-physics measurements. In a recent study Ref. [1], which this proceeding is based on, we established that the new neutral as well as the charged Higgs bosons in this model can all be simultaneously observable in the multi-b final state at the HL-LHC. An experimental validation of our results would be a clear indication that the true underlying Higgs sector in nature is the Type-I 2HDM. Additionally, in this proceeding we discuss the prospects of our work in the future e+e− colliders.
Photosynthetic demands on translational machinery drive retention of redundant tRNA metabolism in plant organelles
Authors: DeTar Rachael A. , Chustecki Joanna M. , Martinez-Hottovy Ana , Ceriotti Luis Federico , Broz Amanda K. , Lou Xiaorui , Sanchez-Puerta M. Virginia , Elowsky Christian , Christensen Alan C. , Sloan Daniel B.
Published: December 2024

Eukaryotic nuclear genomes often encode distinct sets of translation machinery for function in the cytosol vs. organelles (mitochondria and plastids). This raises questions about why multiple translation systems are maintained even though they are capable of comparable functions and whether they evolve differently depending on the compartment where they operate. These questions are particularly interesting in plants because translation machinery, including aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetases (aaRS), is often dual-targeted to the plastids and mitochondria. These organelles have different functions, with much higher rates of translation in plastids to supply the abundant, rapid-turnover proteins required for photosynthesis. Previous studies have indicated that plant organellar aaRS evolve more slowly compared to mitochondrial aaRS in eukaryotes that lack plastids. Thus, we investigated the evolution of nuclear-encoded organellar and cytosolic aaRS and tRNA maturation enzymes across a broad sampling of angiosperms, including nonphotosynthetic (heterotrophic) plant species with reduced plastid gene expression, to test the hypothesis that translational demands associated with photosynthesis constrain the evolution of enzymes involved in organellar tRNA metabolism. Remarkably, heterotrophic plants exhibited wholesale loss of many organelle-targeted aaRS and other enzymes, even though translation still occurs in their mitochondria and plastids. These losses were often accompanied by apparent retargeting of cytosolic enzymes and tRNAs to the organelles, sometimes preserving aaRS–tRNA charging relationships but other times creating surprising mismatches between cytosolic aaRS and mitochondrial tRNA substrates. Our findings indicate that the presence of a photosynthetic plastid drives the retention of specialized systems for organellar tRNA metabolism.
Road safety management system optimization methodology
Authors: Assenova Silvia , Zlateva Plamena , Assenova Kamelia
Published: December 2024

In this study, a traffic safety management system (TSMS) for asphalt surfaced roads is developed to improve safety on different classes of roads in Bulgaria. TSMS is a strategic and systematic procedure to improve traffic safety when funding is limited and it is important to determine the most appropriate combinations of traffic safety improvement projects to provide maximum benefits to the population in terms of reducing traffic accidents. The factors included in the developed optimization methodology are the annual report on traffic accidents of the National Institute of Statistics, a study of the roads, a functional classification of the same, historically established, countermeasures to improve safety, costs and determinants of crash reduction in relation to measures to positively modify safety and average daily traffic (ADT). This study demonstrates how the proposed model can determine the best combination of activities to increase safety in order to maximize the benefits in terms of reducing overall crash frequency. The proposed methodology has been applied to highways in Bulgaria. It can be modified for application to roads in a particular city, region and district.
Design and realization of self-tuned absorber control system
Authors: Wang Qian , Zhu Yunan , Guo Xiangying
Published: December 2024

A self-tuning vibration absorber is capable of adjusting its intrinsic frequency in real time to track the excitation frequency and achieve effective vibration control over a wide frequency range. In this study, a self-tuning vibration absorber control system based on STM32 is proposed. The system acquires vibration signals using MPU6050 sensors, calculates the vibration frequency in real time, and controls the motor rotation to achieve self-tuning vibration absorber control. The system employs the STM32F407ZGT6 as the core control chip and is designed in terms of the overall scheme, hardware circuit, and software. For hardware, the system uses the STM32F407 as the control core and the MPU6050 sensor to obtain vibration signals while controlling motor rotation using the TMC2209 motor driver chip. Keil μVision software is applied for program writing and debugging. The system mainly includes modules for data acquisition, signal processing, control algorithm, and drive output. The signal processing module employs the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm, which can achieve fast frequency calculation and vibration frequency tracking. Finally, experiments verify the system’s feasibility and effectiveness. The experimental results demonstrate that the system can accurately control the self-tuning vibration absorber, with excellent control performance and practicality.
Instability of three-body periodic collisionless equal-mass free-fall orbits
Authors: Hristov Ivan , Hristova Radoslava , Dmitrašinović Veljko , Tanikawa Kiyotaka
Published: December 2024

This work is a continuation of our recent work Celest Mech Dyn Astron 136, 7, (2024). Here we give more details about the high-precision numerical methods used and present the results for the linear stability investigation of the found periodic orbits. The eigenvalues of the monodromy matrices for all periodic orbits are computed with high-precision and given with 30 correct digits. All found periodic orbits are unstable, more precisely they are of a hyperbolic-hyperbolic or a hyperbolic-elliptic type. This result gives rise to a hypothesis that the three-body periodic collisionless equal-mass free-fall orbits are unstable ones. The additionally made high-precision computations for the escape-times in the two dimensional initial conditions’ domain also support this hypothesis. A discussion in relation to chaos theory is held.
Object-Oriented Zero-Information-Optimised Product of Monte Carlo Integrations
Authors: Plachetka T , Bernát D , Bokes P
Published: December 2024

We propose an object-oriented Monte Carlo framework for computation of definite integrals with a primary focus on generality and simplicity, improving in find points existing software libraries. We introduce an optimised sampling method for a product of Monte Carlo integrations. The method does not require any a-priori knowledge of the integrands or the integration domains, and can be combined with other optimisation methods. Using our framework, we implement a naive uniform sampling method and the optimised one, and empirically compare them on the Monte Carlo computation of volumes of N-dimensional balls. The experiments confirm our theoretical expectations.
Refined Unbiased Stochastic Approach for Fredholm Integral Equations
Authors: Todorov Venelin , Georgiev Ivan , Chechev Milen , Dimitrov Yuri
Published: December 2024

Integral equations are highly relevant across various fields such as applied mathematics, physics, engineering, geophysics, electromagnetism, the kinetic theory of gases, quantum mechanics, mathematical economics, and queuing theory. This underscores the importance of creating and examining efficient and dependable methods to solve integral equations. In the context of multidimensional issues, traditional biased stochastic algorithms, which rely on a finite set of integration points, are particularly challenged by the complexities of higher dimensionality. Therefore, it is critical to develop sophisticated unbiased algorithms to address these challenges, as discussed in this paper. We introduce and evaluate a novel unbiased stochastic approach for solving multidimensional Fredholm integral equations of the second kind.
Study of the Impact of Climate Change on Rob Floods in Lhokseumawe City
Authors: Hafli T Mudi , Mukhlis  , Fasdarsyah  , Malasyi Syibral , Sarana David , Akbar Soni Mulia
Published: December 2024

Lhokseumawe City, one of the cities in Aceh, is situated close to a body of water with an area of 181.06 km2. Being in a coastal area, the city is highly susceptible to tidal flooding. The worst tidal flood in the area occurred on 26 May 2021, causing significant damage to residential areas. This study focuses on assessing the impact of sea level rise on the extent of tidal flood inundation and its consequences for residential areas along the coast of Lhokseumawe City. The analysis utilizes numerical modeling simulation carried out with the Delft3D application, specifically Delft3D-FLOW and Delft3D-WAVE. Data is input at several stages to model the inundation, resulting in the production of images, graphs, and animations. Three scenarios are considered for the inundation modeling: existing tidal flood conditions, a 25-year scenario, and a 50-year scenario. The simulation revealed extensive inundation under all scenarios, with the existing conditions covering 402,174 m2, the 25-year scenario covering 579,860 m2, and the 50-year scenario covering 737,188 m2 in the coastal area of Lhokseumawe City. Tidal floods, caused by extreme tidal waves, resulted in the flooding of numerous buildings along the city’s coast due to their high population density. The expanding inundation area poses a significant threat to the economy, especially to those whose livelihoods depend on the tourism sector. Serious measures are imperative to mitigate the expansion of the inundation area and its adverse economic impacts.
Maximum shear analysis of clay brick masonry structures for advanced design with bamboo diagonal reinforcement
Authors: Indriyantho Bobby Rio , Hidayat Banu Ardi , Tudjono Sri , Parasian Turnip Agwin Kennard , Arunaditya Ardi , Adhi Muliawan Muhammad Zulfikar
Published: December 2024

The traditional rural houses in Indonesia, constructed with clay brick masonry wall, lack the usage of detailed reinforced concrete frame. Therefore, in the event of an earthquake, numerous structures made of masonry walls experience a collapse. Clay brick masonry walls require alternative reinforcement that is both accessible and readily available, such as bamboo, which is abundant in rural regions of Indonesia. The objective of this study is to analyse the behaviour of wall collapse under lateral stresses and assess the potential for enhancing the wall’s shear strength through the use of bamboo diagonal reinforcement. Bamboo is expected to be more advantageous for low-cost construction, replacing steel, particularly in the rural regions. The test findings are examined and inferences are made for the subsequent analysis phase. The analysis conducted involves the modelling of clay brick masonry walls, both with and without bamboo diagonal reinforcement, using the acquired data on material properties. The inclusion of bamboo diagonal reinforcement results in a 9.57% reduction in the principal stress at maximum normal stress.
Comparing the Pressure Containment Requirements of Three Subsea Hydro-Pneumatic Energy Storage Concepts
Authors: Sant Tonio , Aquilina Luke , Cutajar Charise , Buhagiar Daniel , Baldacchino Daniel
Published: December 2024

Hydro-pneumatic energy storage has significant potential for being deployed subsea and co-located with offshore wind farms. The pressure containment storing the compressed air is the bulkiest and most expensive component of such a storage technology. This paper evaluates three different subsea hydro-pneumatic energy storage concepts, comparing their volumetric storage densities, the steel and concrete anchoring requirements and cost of the pressure containment. The pressure variation experienced by the pressure containment across the storage cycle for the three variants, which would impact the efficiency of energy conversion machinery, is also compared. It is shown that having separate accumulators, each designed for a different operating pressure, offers the potential of reducing the cost of the pressure containment by up to 40% as compared to that for the simple concept having a single accumulator. A novel approach is presented to achieve such cost reduction without constraining the energy conversion machinery to operate over a wider operating pressure range.
Electrifying Maritime Shipping: Evaluating the CO2 Reduction and Viability of Future Battery-Powered Container Ships Calling at the Port of Los Angeles
Authors: Wilson Jules , Carriveau Rupp , Hurley William , Babaei Reza , Ting David S-K
Published: December 2024

Maritime shipping plays a pivotal role in global logistics, influencing efficiency, emissions, and adaptability. This academic study envisions future electrified shipping fleets and evaluates the potential for CO2 reduction and the cost delta between grid electricity and marine fossil fuels using three types of container ships (5000-7999 TEU, 8000-11999 TEU, and 12000-14499 TEU). The scenario evaluated envisions an electrical charging infrastructure at the Port of Los Angeles, supported fully by wind and solar energy sources, to recharge future battery-powered ships. It is recognized that electric-powered ocean-going long-transit ships are not practical, but this study provides baseline groundwork to justify and support future development of hybrid or partially electric ships to help meet the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) target of a 50% reduction in CO2 emissions from the world’s shipping by 2050. Additionally, a real case study analysis of all container ships at POLA was conducted using container vessel activity to further evaluate the practical implications and benefits of this transition. This analysis underscores the significant electrical infrastructure investments required and highlights the potential economic challenges as well as the environmental benefits of integrating electric power into maritime operations.
Grand Cayman’s Goal of 70% Sustainable Electricity: A Case Study
Authors: Ebanks James , Friedrich Daniel
Published: December 2024

Renewable energy sources are a key technology for reaching net zero carbon emissions and reducing the contribution to climate change, but there are challenges and consequences of integrating large amounts into a grid. Grand Cayman is a Caribbean island with abundant solar resources and an ambitious energy policy, but neither the effect of the grid nor the implementation of the energy policy has been publicly modelled and analysed as of yet. In this research, the grid was modelled, and two solutions were designed and compared. The first solution was composed of mainly solar PV and aimed to follow the national energy policy while the second attempted to offer a stable base-load by using OTEC (Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion). The goal was to increase the share of DG (Distrusted Generation) to 70% of the island’s total electricity while not decreasing power quality. Both resulted in an improved voltage magnitude, power losses, and branch limits compared to the existing grid. This research provides a groundwork for further investigation to examine minute fluctuations throughout the day or seasonal changes throughout the year.
Development Of Boundary Determination Method Using Virtual Technology
Authors: Budisusanto Yanto , Salshabila Hilda
Published: December 2024

Economic policies are essential in governance, including allocating village funds. An important factor in the distribution of this allocation, especially in the formula allocation, is the valid village area based on the clarity of inter-village boundaries. Different village administrative areas in each agency make it difficult to determine the reference for the allocation of village funds, so it is necessary to map accurate village boundaries to determine a valid area, as is the case in Pehserut Village, Sukomoro District, Nganjuk Regency, East Java. This research aims to map the boundaries of Pehserut Village using a hybrid combination of cartometric and participatory methods with internet-based media and virtual applications. The results show that mapping village boundaries using this method can be done effectively and efficiently. The boundary determination can be done at different times and places, while the agreement process is done at the same time but in different places. The results of the administrative area of Pehserut Village based on the RBI boundary of 2.718.323,207 m2 the Dukcapil boundary of 2.402.527,723 m2 the boundary of Pehserut Village of 2.286.952,358 m2 the boundary of the bordering village of 2.325.784,157 m2 the agreement boundary of 2.287.662,231 m2. The results of this research are presented in the form of a digital map of the Pehserut Village boundaries.
Study Of Mangrove Ecotourism Gunung Anyar And Medokan Sawah Using The Concept Of RRR (Right, Restriction, Responsibility)
Authors: Budisusanto Yanto , Nuraini Fathimah Farida
Published: December 2024

In 2018, the Surabaya City Government established the Kebun Raya Mangrove Surabaya as a form of conservation and as an implementation of the protection outlined in Regional Regulation Document Number 12 of 2014 on the Spatial Planning of Surabaya City for 2014-2034, which designates mangroves as a protected area in the form of ecotourism. In space utilization related to this area, the RRR (Right, Restriction, Responsibility) concept can be applied. The RRR concept is a land administration principle that provides a foundation for area management in terms of defining authority boundaries, responsibilities for management (Right and Responsibility), and management/utilization restrictions (Restriction). The importance of RRR in studying the utilization of the KRM Surabaya area is to emphasize licensing, boundaries with surrounding areas, and a sustainable environmental management system that can reduce conflicts and enhance positive aspects within the cadastral system. Through visual interpretation of aerial photos from 2016 and 2024 to identify changes in area size, analysis related to responsibility will be obtained, along with supporting data from relevant agencies to identify licensing and spatial planning boundaries. The result of this study is an analysis of the RRR concept in the utilization of the KRM Surabaya area.
Analysis of Deformation Along the Flores Back-Arc Thrust Using GPS Observation Data
Authors: Maulida Putra , Azza Laksono Safanata , Asis Herawati Yola , Rizkiya Putra , Kurniawan Akbar
Published: December 2024

Indonesia is located on the World Plate and composed of several microblocks. One of the microblocks in Indonesia is along the Back-Arc Thrust of Flores, which is suspected to cause many earthquakes throughout 2022 in Bali and Nusa Tenggara. The high activity of earthquakes encourages the need for deformation monitoring as a mitigation effort. This study aims to analyse the movement and strain patterns that occur in the Flores Back-arc as an effort to see the deformation that occurs. This research uses BIG GPS CORS observation data from 2019-2023 and processed using GAMIT/GLOBK software. The results then will be estimated to obtain velocities, strains, and compare them with the earthquake occurrence. This study shows that the horizontal displacement is dominantly towards the northeast within 20-57 mm/year and dominantly subsidence for vertical displacement with the largest value of −62 mm/year. The high velocity is related to several large earthquakes, one of which is the Flores earthquake in 2021 which caused a offset of up to 19 mm at CBJW, CRTG, CREO, and CLBJ stations. In addition, the strain pattern shows that compression is dominant in the study area with a value range of to 29.3 to 55.7 nstrain/year. While the extension value has a range of 2.7 to 16.9 nstrain/year. The results show that the Southeast region has a high level of energy accumulation as seen from the high values of compression and extension that occur. While the Northwest region shows high energy accumulation indicated by the dominance of compression values due to Flores back-arc thrust in the north.
Spatial-Based Flood Susceptibility Mapping Using Analytical Hierarchy Process Techniques (Case Study : Gresik Regency)
Authors: Alfarelia Putri Taslyanto Chelsea , Wahyu Deviantari Udiana
Published: December 2024

Over the past four years, Gresik Regency has frequently been hit by floods. In 2019, there were 17 occurrences, followed by 13 occurrences in 2020, 19 occurrences in 2021, and a rise to 33 occurrences in 2022. To support the 11th Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on sustainable cities and communities, especially in the mitigation of water-related disasters, research on flood-prone areas in Gresik Regency is needed. This study analyzes flood-prone areas in the Gresik Regency using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and weighted overlay methods to provide information to the community and agencies to be used as a reference in disaster mitigation. The data utilized include the Digital Elevation Model, river network data, Sentinel image data, soil type data, rainfall data, and questionnaire results. The criteria used in this research are land elevation, slope, land cover, river distance, soil type, rainfall, and flood extent. Results show that rainfall criteria have the highest weight at 25%, followed by elevation at 17%, flood extent at 17%, land cover at 15%, river distance at 10%, slope at 9%, and soil type at 7%. The area of Gresik Regency classified as low vulnerability is 8.79 km2 or 0.82% of the total area, the medium vulnerability category is 936.13 km2 or 87.60% of the total area, and the high vulnerability category is 123.66 km2 or 11.57% of the total area. The most flood-prone sub-districts are Driyorejo with 28.46 km2 of highly vulnerable flood-prone area, followed by Wringinanom with 13.17 km2 Benjeng with 12.50 km2.
3D City Modeling for Flood Inundation Analysis in Mayjen Sungkono Area, Surabaya
Authors: Srikandi Nadhira , Hapsari Handayani Hepi , Andiek Maulana Mahendra
Published: December 2024

Floods in urban areas are primarily caused by high rainfall combined with inadequate drainage systems, inappropriate land use changes, and insufficient flood mitigation measures. Surabaya, characterized as a seasonal zone with periodic rainfall, frequently experiences flood inundation due to the loss of water retention areas and an inadequate drainage infrastructure. Three-dimensional (3D) city models provide a detailed representation of urban environments, capturing the three-dimensional geometry of objects and general urban structures. This 3D modeling approach can enhance the understanding of flood depths impacting surrounding buildings and infrastructure and assist in estimating the effects on drainage capacity and catchment areas for long-term planning. In this research, 3D flood inundation modeling was conducted using LiDAR data and aerial photography, integrated with other GIS data. The flood inundation simulation was performed using HEC-RAS, while the 3D modeling was carried out using GIS-based software employing semi-automatic methods. The results of the 3D modeling and visualization indicate potential flood inundation depths reaching up to 5 meters, affecting 1,100 buildings and 30 roads. Further research could focus on improving the accuracy of terrain and channel data used in flood modeling to enhance the precision of the results.
Developing WebGIS Using Google Earth Engine for Carbon Monoxide Spatial Monitoring in Surabaya Using Sentinel-5P
Authors: Rahma Damayanti Yusuf Devika , Lolita Sari Inggit , Aditiya Sasfina
Published: December 2024

Geospatial information has various beneficial to support sustainable environment and human health, such as monitoring distribution of pollutant gases. Carbon Monoxide (CO) is one of harmful pollutant gases. So, preventing the increases of CO and its wider spreading in the atmosphere is very important and also can be as an initial step to mitigate the CO increases. It is often the case that CO concentrations in many big cities are higher than those in its surrounding cities. The current study was conducted in Surabaya city, which is known as one of the major big cities in Indonesia and pose high population density and urban activities. Sentinel-5P imageries were used as the primary data processed and analysed using Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform in order to estimates CO concentration and its distribution in Surabaya. WebGIS for CO monitoring was developed using GEE as the final output in this research. This allowing the results of CO concentration and distribution to be accessed by public. Temporal of Sentinel-5P imagery starting from 2018 up to present were used as the primary data for extracting the CO in Surabaya. The WebGIS developed in this study can be seen at https://ee-devikarahma28.projects.earthengine.app/view/co-distribution-of-surabaya-city. Based on the WebGIS that describes the CO distribution in Surabaya, this study showed the highest CO concentration was in 2018, with values range from 0.294 to 0.331mol/m2. While the lowest CO was in year 2022 with values ranges from 0.0261 to 0.0298 mol/m2. The highest CO concentration has frequently occurred in the central of Surabaya, while the lowest CO concentration was in the east Surabaya.
Correlation analysis between Carbon Monoxide and industry in Bekasi from 2019-2022
Authors: Aditiya Sasfina , Muljo Sukojo Bangun , Rahma Damayanti Yusuf Devika
Published: December 2024

Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, and poisonous gas. For several decades, industry contribute as the main factor of the increases of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere. Bekasi has the largest number of industries in West Java and has continuously an increasing trend. This will contribute to the increases of carbon monoxide concentration in the city. This study analyzes the spatial increases in carbon monoxide concentration due to industrial growth in Bekasi city and its vicinity from 2019 to 2022. The carbon monoxide time series data were obtained from Sentinel-5P satellite imagery, downloaded and processed using Google Earth Engine. The analysis reveals that the carbon monoxide concentration in Bekasi ranges from approximately 0.037 mol/m2 to 0.041 mol/m2. District-level analyses indicate that Tarumajaya consistently exhibited high CO levels, reaching 0.044 mol/m2 in 2020. Furthermore, the results show a moderate correlation of 0.688 between industrial growth and carbon monoxide concentration, indicating that as the number of industries increases, CO levels in Bekasi rise accordingly. Additionally, this study examines the influence of wind direction on the spatial distribution of carbon monoxide, highlighting that winds from specific directions can transport CO to areas farther from its source, resulting in variable concentration levels across the region.