bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bibliometrics versus altmetrics: Researchers’ attitudes in Slovakia
Authors: Melicherová Michaela , Ondrišová Miriam , Šušol Jaroslav
Published: January 2021

Objective. The paper presents principal theoretical starting points and an overview of attitudes to altmetrics-based research evaluation among scientists of various disciplines in Slovakia, more specifically in comparison with traditional, bibliometric approaches.
Design/Methodology/Approach. We used a questionnaire and asked researchers from various disciplines about their knowledge of principle characteristics defining the altmetrics and about their attitudes towards the application of bibliometrics and altmetrics approaches in the processes of research evaluation. The questionnaire covered a wide range of issues, predominantly associated with interpretation and perception of the importance of alternative indicators, including the factors influencing the interpretation. In this analysis, we concentrate on those parts of research reflecting the willingness of respondents to accept alternative indicators as part of research/science assessment.
Results/Discussion. The attitude to the application of alternative indicators in research assessment is not significantly more negative among Slovak scientists if we compare it to other countries. The citations are still a respected indicator perceived as a tool for creating bonds within science. If they are perceived as obsolete or insufficient, it relates to the experience of researchers whose results are predominantly aimed at non-academic target group or if they are active in the research of social phenomena and problems. Due to pragmatic reasons connected with research financing, however, registering the citations is a generally accepted priority. Familiarity and practical experience with social media were identified as one of the factors influencing the interpretation of alternative indicators in the environment of both public and academic media.
Conclusions. Traditional bibliometric methods, especially in the area of research evaluation, are still preferred over the altmetrics. The scientists realize that the kind of attention captured by the indicators based on social media is not comparable with the citation-based impact. Or, more precisely, that altmetrics reflects a different kind of impact whose correspondence with a traditional world of bibliographic citations remains to be explored.
Originality/Value. The article presents the results of original research carried out in the community of scientists in Slovakia, applying quantitative research methods. It contributes to the results of previous studies on the attitudes and acceptance of altmetrics in the research community, with a special focus on research assessment.
ACO powered by Local Searches Algorithms for the Solution of TSP Problems
Authors: Ahmed Nisreen L.
Published: January 2021

Swarm intelligence is a relatively new approach to problem solving that takes inspiration from the social behaviors of insects and other animals. Ants, in particular, have inspired a number of methods and techniques among which the most studied and successful is the general-purpose optimization technique, also known as ant colony optimization, In computer science and operations research, the ant colony optimization algorithm (ACO) is a probabilistic technique for solving computational problems which can be reduced to finding good paths through graphs.  Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm is used to arrive at the best solution for TSP. In this article, the researcher has introduced ways to use a great deluge algorithm with the ACO algorithm to increase the ability of the ACO in finding the best tour (optimal tour). Results are given for different TSP problems by using ACO with great deluge and other local search algorithms.
A Comparative Study of Particle Swarm Optimization and Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Hasanova Nazrin
Published: January 2021

This paper provides an introduction and a comparison of two widely used evolutionary computation algorithms:  Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based on the previous studies and researches. It describes Genetic Algorithm basic functionalities including various steps such as selection, crossover, and mutation.
Burial architecture. 3D dissemination study for a selection of Byzantine graves
Authors: Mileto Camilla , Vegas López-Manzanares Fernando , Cristini Valentina , Cabezos Bernal Pedro M.
Published: January 2021

The former polis of Tall-as-Sin (in the current province of Deir ez-Zor, Syria) grew considerably during Justinian's reign in the 6th century AD. Its cemetery, outside the walls, presents an extraordinary Byzantine necropolis, where 163 hypogea graves were documented, thanks to recent archaeological campaigns financed by the Ministry of Culture (PAMES-Sirio Euphrates Middle Archaeological Project). This paper presents the research for obtaining three-dimensional (3D) models of graves, selected in the cemetery, by combining information (obtained from planimetric and photographic surveys of the site) with taxonomic features (types of arcosolia, vaults, accesses, stairways...). The 3D modelling process is carried out using data collected during the survey of the graves. These data are then used to restore the surfaces which cover the burial chambers dug out in the ground. The modelling technique was based on generating surfaces, incorporating the different sections and profiles obtained during the data collection phase. The surfaces generated enclose the volume of the dug-out space so that the definitive grave models were obtained using a simple Boolean operation, removing these volumes from a prism-shaped piece representing a portion of the land, thus emptying the interior. The result has provided a reliable and rigorous graphic basis for the design and printing of 3D mockups, contributing to the dissemination of the exhibition called "A retrospective on five years of archaeological activities in Syria".

Highlights:

Contributing to Byzantine architecture classification in the Middle East, including specific case-studies, interesting both from archaeological and architectural research fields.

Experimenting and investigating tools for the study, representation and conservation of archaeological finds, combining 3D digital and 3D printing mockups.

Incorporating resources for promoting and disseminating archaeological and architectural heritage, raising awareness among local Syrian population and authorities, allowing them to rediscover their own heritage, often neglected.
Mo.Se.: Mosaic image segmentation based on deep cascading learning
Authors: Felicetti Andrea , Paolanti Marina , Zingaretti Primo , Pierdicca Roberto , Malinverni Eva Savina
Published: January 2021

Mosaic is an ancient type of art used to create decorative images or patterns combining small components. A digital version of a mosaic can be useful for archaeologists, scholars and restorers who are interested in studying, comparing and preserving mosaics. Nowadays, archaeologists base their studies mainly on manual operation and visual observation that, although still fundamental, should be supported by an automatized procedure of information extraction. In this context, this research explains improvements which can change the manual and time-consuming procedure of mosaic tesserae drawing. More specifically, this paper analyses the advantages of using Mo.Se. (Mosaic Segmentation), an algorithm that exploits deep learning and image segmentation techniques; the methodology combines U-Net 3 Network with the Watershed algorithm. The final purpose is to define a workflow which establishes the steps to perform a robust segmentation and obtain a digital (vector) representation of a mosaic. The detailed approach is presented, and theoretical justifications are provided, building various connections with other models, thus making the workflow both theoretically valuable and practically scalable for medium or large datasets. The automatic segmentation process was tested with the high-resolution orthoimage of an ancient mosaic by following a close-range photogrammetry procedure. Our approach has been tested in the pavement of St. Stephen's Church in Umm ar-Rasas, a Jordan archaeological site, located 30 km southeast of the city of Madaba (Jordan). Experimental results show that this generalized framework yields good performances, obtaining higher accuracy compared with other state-of-the-art approaches. Mo.Se. has been validated using publicly available datasets as a benchmark, demonstrating that the combination of learning-based methods with procedural ones enhances segmentation performance in terms of overall accuracy, which is almost 10% higher. This study’s ambitious aim is to provide archaeologists with a tool which accelerates their work of automatically extracting ancient geometric mosaics.

Highlights:

A Mo.Se. (Mosaic Segmentation) algorithm is described with the purpose to perform robust image segmentation to automatically detect tesserae in ancient mosaics.

This research aims to overcome manual and time-consuming procedure of tesserae segmentation by proposing an approach that uses deep learning and image processing techniques, obtaining a digital replica of a mosaic.

Extensive experiments show that the proposed framework outperforms state-of-the-art methods with higher accuracy, even compared with publicly available datasets.
Seeking a common ground for the Nautical Archaeology Digital Library (NADL). Reflections on science, method, theory and templates
Authors: Borrero L. Ricardo , Schwindingera Patricia , Castelli Ana , Ciarlo Nicolas C. , Torres Rodrigo , Manders Martijn , Castro Filipe , Furuta Richard
Published: January 2021

Data sharing is a fundamental process for the advancement of both natural and social sciences. Starting from the idea that computers and the internet have drastically changed the world in the last decades, this paper advocates for the creation of a space where archaeologists from around the world can share information about maritime history and exchange data with colleagues. Following the principles of open access, we argue that raw data publication is necessary and significant for the development and democratization of the discipline. This study explains the fundamental aspects of the Nautical Archaeology Digital Library (NADL) and its efforts to standardize information collection for shipwrecks and related sites, so that scholars can create a community to disseminate both raw data and complete information in the field of maritime archaeology. To achieve this, our purpose is to facilitate the development of common-ground methodology and terminology that promotes an intelligible dialogue within the global community of nautical archaeologists. This paper addresses some considerations on terminology and systematization in scientific disciplines and discusses the theoretical and methodological issues linked to the process of making a template for recording shipwrecks. Furthermore, this article analyses some of the problems related to the standardization of description processes and the necessity to create a flexible system that accounts for data diversity. The third section discusses how science is greatly enhanced by publishing information in open access platforms.

Highlights:

• Standardization of data allows robust comparative and inter-subjective analysis of coastal and maritime projects, shipwrecks and nautical technology.
• Research is strongly benefited by sharing information underlying publications and raw data generated within a project in open source platforms.
• Digital databases such as NADL enhance cooperative research, as well as teaching and outreach strategies.
A Rare Case of Bilateral Congenital Radial Head Dislocation: A Case Report
Authors: Ramprasath Dhurvas Ramlal , Esthak Antony Jaya Micheal
Published: January 2021

Background

Congenital radial head dislocation by far is a rare condition and also the most common congenital anomaly of elbow. It causes symptoms such as joint stiffness, snapping, locking, or pain; however the diagnosis is sometimes made incidentally from X-rays. Surgical management includes osteotomy of radius, osteotomy of ulna, or radial head excision.

Aim and objective

The treatment goal is to ameliorate the symptoms and obtain a joint with a full range of motion.

Case description

Only unilateral cases have been described in literature until now. This article presents a case of bilateral congenital radial head dislocation in a pediatric girl with progressing valgus deformity, treated surgically by a newer technique. We successfully performed an ulnar osteotomy and distraction osteogenesis of ulna with an UMEX external fixator. Once the radial head was brought to the level of the joint, open reduction was done.

Conclusion

The clinical and functional outcomes were satisfactory.

Clinical significance

Even though various surgical options are available for the management of congenital radial head dislocation, radial head preserving surgery will benefit the patient on the long run by avoiding the development of distal radioulnar joint problems. Our procedure helps in achieving this goal.

How to cite this article

Ramprasath DR, Esthak AJM. A Rare Case of Bilateral Congenital Radial Head Dislocation: A Case Report. J Orth Joint Surg 2020;2(2):66–69.
Safe Clavicle Fracture Surgery
Authors: Subbiah Venkatesh Babu
Published: January 2021

The surgical treatment is being advocated for all types of displaced clavicle fractures currently. At the same time, the neurovascular and other serious operative complications are in rise. This article updates the applied anatomical knowledge and operative skills required for the orthopedic surgeon who intends to surgically fix the clavicle fracture safely.

How to cite this article:Babu SV. Safe Clavicle Fracture Surgery. J Orth Joint Surg 2020;2(2):62–65.
Prognostic Significance of Abnormal Ankle–Brachial Index Among Long-term Hemodialysis Patients in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors:   Division of Nephrology-Dialysis, University of Kinshasa Hospital, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Engole Yannick Mompango , Lepira François Bompeka , Lubenga Yves Simbi ,   2Division of Cardiology, University of Kinshasa Hospital, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Nkondi Clarisse ,   Division of Nephrology-Dialysis, University of Kinshasa Hospital, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Longo Augustin Luzayadio , Nkodila Aliocha ,   City of the Blind Medical Center, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Makulo Jean-Robert Rissassy ,   Division of Nephrology-Dialysis, University of Kinshasa Hospital, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mokoli Vieux Momeme , Bukabau Justine Busanga , Mboliasa Marie France Ingole , Kadima Evariste Mukendi , Ilunga Cedric Kabemba , Zinga Chantal Vuvu , Nseka Nazaire Mangani , Sumaili Ernest Kiswaya
Published: January 2021

Objective: Early identification of atherosclerosis using a non-invasive tool like ankle–brachial index (ABI) could help reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease among long-term hemodialysis patients. The study objective was to assess the frequency and impact of abnormal ABI as a marker of subclinical peripheral artery disease (PAD) in chronic hemodialysis patients. Methods: This was a historic cohort study of kidney failure patients on long-term hemodialysis for at least 6 months. The ABI, measured with two oscillometric blood pressure devices simultaneously, was used to assess subclinical atherosclerosis of low limb extremities. Abnormal ABI was defined as ABI <0.9 or >1.3 (PAD present). Survival was defined as time to death. Independent factors associated with abnormal ABI were assessed using multiple logistic regression analysis. Kaplan–Meier method (log-rank test) was used to compare cumulative survival between the two groups; a P value <0.05 was statistically significant. Results: Abnormal ABI was noted in 50.6% (n=43) of the 85 kidney failure patients included in the study; 42.4% (n=36) had a low ABI, and 8.2% (n=7) had a high ABI. Factors associated with PAD present were cholesterol (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.04; P=0.019), inflammation (AOR, 9.44; 95% CI, 2.30–18.77; P=0.002), phosphocalcic product (AOR, 6.25; 95% CI, 1.19–12.87; P=0.031), and cardiac arrhythmias (AOR, 3.78; 95% CI, 1.55–7.81, P=0.009). Cumulative survival was worse among patients with PAD present (log-rank; P=0.032). Conclusion: The presence of PAD was a common finding in the present study, and associated with both traditional and emerging cardiovascular risk factors as well as a worse survival rate than patients without PAD.
Oral Biofilm: Development Mechanism, Multidrug Resistance, and Their Effective Management with Novel Techniques
Authors:   Associate Professor (Research), Central Research Laboratory, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, Rath Shakti , Bal Sourav Chandra Bidyasagar ,   Assistant Professor (Public Health Dentistry), Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India;, Dubey Debasmita ,   Post Doctoral Fellow, Centre of Excellence in Natural Products and Therapeutics, Department of Biotechnology, Sambalpur University, Sambalpur, Odisha, India
Published: January 2021

Biofilms are formed by the congregation of one or more types of microorganisms that can grow on a firm surface. Dental plaque is one of the most commonly forming biofilms in the oral cavity and appears as a slimy layer on the surface of the teeth. In general, the formation is slow, but biofilms are very adaptive to the changing environment, and a mature biofilm can cause many health-related problems in humans. These biofilms remain unaffected by antibiotics as they do not allow the penetration of antibiotics. Moreover, the increased level of virulence and antibiotic resistance of microorganisms in the oral biofilm or dental plaque has made its clinical management a serious clinical challenge worldwide. Chlorhexidine-like antimicrobial drugs have been partially effective in removing such organisms; however, the precise and continuous elimination of these microorganisms without disturbing the normal microbial flora of the oral cavity is still a challenge. This paper focuses on the process of oral biofilm formation, related complications, development of drug-resistant bacteria in these biofilms, and their effective management by the use of different novel techniques.
Longitudinally Extensive Transverse Myelitis in a Lupus–Neuromyelitis Optica Overlap
Authors:   B. Shine Rheumatology Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel, Tavor Yonit , Herskovitz Moshe ,   The Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; 3Department of Neurology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel, Ronen Galia ,   Department of Radiology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel, Balbir-Gurman Alexandra ,   B. Shine Rheumatology Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
Published: January 2021

Transverse myelitis is an inflammatory lesion of the spinal cord, occurring in different autoimmune, infectious, and traumatic diseases but is the hallmark of neuromyelitis optica (NMO), a rare neurologic autoimmune disease. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may develop transverse myelitis as a neuropsychiatric complication of active disease; however, at times, NMO co-exists as an additional primary autoimmune condition in a SLE patient. Correct diagnosis of a SLE–NMO overlap is important not only for the different disease course and prognosis compared with SLE-related LETM, but especially for the emerging and highly specific NMO treatment options, not established for SLE-related LETM—such as anti-aquaporin 4 antibodies, anti-VEGF antibodies, complement modulation, or IVIg.
Behavior management in Pediatric Dentistry during and after Corona pandemic
Authors:   Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Institute of Dental sciences, SOA(Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India-751003, Acharya Sonu
Published: January 2021

Children are not miniature adults. They should be treated as different entity and not just as adults who are shortened. Children have their own apprehensions and fear. The most commonly encountered is the fear of the unknown. Fear is something which is innate and inborn. Fear of dentistry is there in every individual, whether young or old. This is mostly subjective in nature. Children show exaggerated fear for dentistry as this is something new to them. The pediatric dentists are trained in behavior management for reducing fear. There have been many methods, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological for behavior management in children. The pediatric dentists were able to apply one or the other behavior management techniques till now. Sudden appearance of a pandemic caused by nCOV-2 (coronavirus) changed everything. The change in practice pattern is bound to effect all the dental patients, more so the children. Here we will discuss how the behavior management techniques will change for children and how we can get some newer methods to reduce the fear.
Polyethylene fiber post modification with vital pulp therapy in a traumatized immature incisor using Biodentine: A four year follow-up case report
Authors:   Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tokat, Turkey, Cosgun Alem , Altan Halenur ,   Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tokat, Turkey
Published: January 2021

In this case, it was aimed to restore a traumatized permanent incisor with open apex using a modified polyethylene fiber post after amputation as well as to present a four-year long term follow-up. A healthy 10-year-old boy was referred with a complaint of pain caused by tooth number 11. The patient fell and broke his upper incisor ten days ago and no treatment was done before. Total amputation was carried out after clinical and radiological examination. The exposed root pulp was covered with BiodentineTM (Septodent, Saint-Maur-Fosses Codex, France). Glass-ionomer cement (Fuji IX extra, GC Corp., Tokyo, Japan) was placed on the BiodentineTM, and after a 3-month follow-up, polyethylene fiber post (Ribbond, Seattle, WA, USA) was placed in the crown since healing was observed in the relevant tooth. The restoration was completed with composite resin (Clearfil Majesty Esthetic Kuraray, Osaka, Japan). Four years later, radiographic examination revealed completed root formation and complete root obliteration. Clinical examination revealed favorable esthetic and functional outcome. Traditional treatments can be modified in order to obtain long term clinical success. Polyethylene fiber post can be used as an alternative method to root canal therapy in complicated crown fractures in teeth with immature root formation due to the advantages such as the possibility of modification according to the crown, aesthetics, easy application, and supporting the vitality of the tooth.
Conservative management of mandibular fracture with maxillomandibular fixation using orthodontic brackets and elastics: A case report
Authors:   Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, B.P Koirala Institute of Health Science, Dharan, Nepal, Rai Alina , Dali Mamta ,   Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, B.P Koirala Institute of Health Science, Dharan, Nepal, Shrestha Sneha ,   Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, B.P Koirala Institute of Health Science,Dharan, Nepal, Acharya Pradeep ,   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, B.P Koirala Institute of Health Science, Dharan, Nepal
Published: January 2021

Mandibular fracture is the most common facial skeletal injury in pediatric population seen in hospital setting. Fracture management is complicated by the developing permanent tooth buds and continuous mandibular growth. However, healing capacity in children is faster. Hence, conservative management is most often the treatment of choice for bone fractures in children. This case report is about a 6-year-old female child who sustained mandibular fracture after a road traffic accident (RTA) which was conservatively managed with maxillomandibular fixation using brackets and elastics. Orthodontic brackets were placed on facial aspect of posterior teeth of both the arches and elastics were used for traction leading to immobilization and stabilization of fracture. Healing was uneventful with complete bony union as evident by three months follow up orthopantomogram. Maxillomandibular fixation using brackets and elastics is a simple and non-invasive closed fracture reduction technique giving excellent result. The present case report showed successful outcome of mandibular fracture management.
Tail or no Tail? Applicability of the Long Tail Theory to the German Online Media Market
Authors: Kampes Céline Fabienne
Published: January 2021

The Long Tail theory serves as an explanation for market change triggered through evolving online market conditions. However, it is often referred to without empirical validation, or with inconsistent findings on its applicability. Therefore, this paper analyses the applicability of the Long Tail theory to German online media offerings as of 2014 and 2016, focusing on offerings that serve information purposes (information offerings). Based on a unique dataset of commercially oriented online media offerings (Longitudinal IntermediaPlus 2014–2016), an analysis for three Long Tail characteristics (variety increase, opposing concentration between hit and niche offerings and niche market share increase) is conducted. By additionally distinguishing between political and entertainment-oriented information offerings as boundaries of democratized online market conditions the analysis reveals that the Long Tail theory is not fully applicable to any market sample, and especially not to politically oriented offerings.
VALIDITAS MODEL DIG DAN BLOCK BOLAVOLI UNTUK PEMULA TINGKAT SMA
Authors: Suardi Devaron
Published: January 2021

Hasil studi awal menunjukkan pembentukan latihan penting untuk selalu diperbaharui yang bertujuan untuk mengefisiensikan keterampilan bertahan bolavoli untuk pemula yang terkendala minimnya pada pemilihan bentuk latihan . unutk itu peneliti bermaksud mengembangkan model keterampilan bertahan dig dan block. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh validasi model dig dan block yang dikembangkanbertujuan agar keterampilan bertahan bisa meningkat secara bertahap, dengan cara memberikan beberapa inovasi dalam bentuk latihan yang baru dan disesuaikan dengan apa yang akan terjadi dilapangan agar pemain merasa terbiasa dalam pertandingan yang sebenarnya dan mendapatkan poin saat pertandingan dengan lebih baik. Metode pengumpulan data validasi dengan menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif yang melakukan penyebaran angket yang berisiskan pertanyaan kepada ahli olahraga bolavoli mengenai perodak inivari dari model yang akan dikembangkan. Model dig dan block divalidasi oleh tiga orang pakar pada bidang olahraga bolavoli menunjukkan bahwa ada 23 model layak untuk digunakan dari 29 model yang dikembangkan. Model dig dan block dapat diimplementasikan dalam pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan keterampilan atau kemampuan bertahan individu dalam permainan bolavoli untuk pemula tingkat SMA.
PROTOTYPE STAGE MEDIA CAI DAN RPP BERBASIS KONSTRUKTIVISME MENGGUNAKAN ADOBE FLASH
Authors: Asyura Ira
Published: January 2021

Hasil investigasi awal (preliminary research) yang dilakukan dijadikan dasar dalam pembuatan media CAI. Preliminary Research yang didapatkan berupa karakteristik media CAI yang diinginkan dengan menggunakan Adobe FlashI dan RPP berbasis konstruktivisme. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk merancang dan validitas media CAI menggunakan Adobe Flash dengan pendekatan konstruktivisme dan karakteristik RPP. Validitas media CAI dan RPP dinilai berdasarkan validitas isi dan konstruk. Validitas isi digunakan untuk melihat kesesuaian media CAI dengan tuntutan kurikulum. Validitas konstruk digunakan untuk melihat kesesuaian dengan teori yang dijadikan pegangan dalam penyusunan media CAI yang mencakup pada rekayasa perangkat lunak dan komunikasi visual. Prototyping stage pengembangan media CAI dan RPP berbasis konstruktivisme ini sampai pada prototype IV yang dapat diujicobakan ke field test, sehingga kepraktisan lebih terjamin dan akan diperoleh produk yang valid dan praktis.
PENERAPAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SOSIOLOGI
Authors: Irawati Sri
Published: January 2021

Dari hasil penelitian menujukan bahwa ada peningkatan nilai rata-rata pre test dan post test baik pada siklus I maupun siklus II. Pada siklus I, rata-rata nilai pre test sebesar 54,8 dengan jumlah peserta didik yang tuntas atau memiliki nilai ≥ 65 sebanyak 2 peserta didik. Namun terjadi peningkatan setelah dilaksanakan pembelajaran dengan teknik Problem Based Learning yaitu nilai rata-rata post test menjadi 70,7 dan yang meraih nilai 65 sebanyak 20 peserta didik. Hal tersebut menunjukan terjadi peningkatan meski belum mencapai kriteria ketuntasan yang diharapkan. Begitu pula pada siklus II, nilai rata-rata siswa mengalami peningkatan dari 61,93 dengan jumlah peserta didik yang tuntas atau memiliki nilai ≥ 65 sebanyak 10 peserta didik, rata-rata nilai menjadi 78,16 dengan jumlah peserta didik yang tuntas atau memiliki nilai ≥ 65 sebanyak 24 peserta didik. Pada siklus ke II ini, rata-rata nilai dan jumlah peserta didik yang tuntas KKM sudah memenuhi target yang diharapkan yakni rata-rata nilai mencapai 78,16 dan jumlah peserta didik yang tuntas KKM mencapi 77,41% dari jumlah peserta didik kelas X IPS 2. Sehingga dapat dikatan bahwa pembelajaran teknik Problem Based Learning dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar Sosiologi peserta didik kelas X IPS 2.
PENERAPAN METODE STUDENT TEAM ACHIEVEMENT DIVISION UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR PKN SISWA
Authors: Miyasih Trisnawati Ani
Published: January 2021

Dari hasil penelitian tindakan kelas dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dapat meningkatkan motvasi belajar PKN siswa dikelas dilihat adanya peningkatan, dimana pada pertemuan pertama 50% siswa yang keaktifan dan kerjasama masih kurang baik berkurang menjadi 10% pada pertemuan ketiga. Pada pertemuan pertama 50% siswa yang keaktifan dan kerjasama baik dan sangat baik mengalami peningkatan menjadi menjadi 90% pada pertemuan ketiga. Dari hasil peningkatan tersebut maka dapat dikatakan bahwa penerapan metode pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD sudah dpt dikatakan meningkat motivasi belajar. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa terjadi peningkatan terhadap motivasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran PKN. Dengan menggunakan metode STAD dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar. Peningkatan prestasi belajar dapat dilihat dari adanya peningkatan nilai rata-rata yang diperoleh siswa pada pra tindakan dan setelah tindakan. Dilihat nilai rata-rata Siklus 1 adalah 88 sedangkan nilai rata-rata sebelum tindakan adalah 73. Sehingga kemampuan prestasi belajar mengalami peningkatan dan tercapainya taraf ketuntasan belajar, yaitu 75. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa terjadi peningkatan terhadap prestasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran PKN.
PENERAPAN GAYA MENGAJAR RESIPROKAL TERHADAP HASIL PEMBELAJARAN PASSING BAWAH PERMAINAN BOLA VOLI PADA SISWA
Authors: Sonjaya Soni
Published: January 2021

Berdasarkan hasil diatas pada siklus pertama siswa cukup antusias dalam mengikuti pembelajaran passing bawah bola voli. Sesuai dengan refleksi, harapan dari peneliti 80% siswa aktif, termotivasi, serta antusias dalam mengikuti kegiatan pembelajaran. Sehingga pada tahap siklus kedua peneliti berhasil memperbaiki pendekatan pembelajaran dengan memotivasi siswa sesuai dengan kondisi siswa pada saat itu, hasilnya adalah 32 siswa aktif dalam mengikuti pembelajaran passing bawah bola voli, 4 siswa bersikap kadang aktif dan kadang acuh, serta 2 siswa tidak aktif atau pasif. Berdasar hasil belajar siswa pada siklus pertama nilai rata-rata kelas pembelajaran passing bawah bola voli adalah 62 dan hasil belajar siswa pada siklus kedua adalah 77.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MAHASISWA PGMI SEMESTER III STAI SYEKH MANSHUR PADA MATA KULIAH MATEMATIKA II MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TWO STAY TWO STRAY (TSTS)
Authors: Linda Linda
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas. Subjek yang dijadikan penelitian adalah mahasiswa PGMI semester III STAI Syekh Manshur tahun akademik 2019/2020 dengan jumlah mahasiswa laki-laki 2 orang dan perempuan 15 orang. Pengambilan data dilakukan selama satu semester dengan empat siklus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat peningkatan hasil belajar mahasiswa PGMI semester III STAI Syekh Manshur pada mata kuliah matematika II melalui model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TSTS (Two Stay Two Stray). Analisis hasil penelitian berdasarkan data observasi aktivitas dan tes disetiap siklus. Hasil penelitian ini menujukkan bahwa untuk aktivitas pembelajaran di perkuliahan matematika II adalah siklus I 47%, siklus II 67%, siklus III 88%, dan siklus IV 95 %. Hasil belajar mahasiswa pada mata kuliah matematika II menunjukkan bahwa siklus I 12%, siklus II 88%, siklus III 100% dan siklus IV 100%. Dengan demikian simpulan yang didapat pada penelitian ini adalah melalui model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Two Stay Two Stray (TSTS) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar mahasiswa PGMI semester III STAI Syekh Manshur.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROJECT BASED LEARNING (PJBL) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Dewi Ratna
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian tindakan (action research) sebanyak dua putaran. Setiap putaran terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu: rancangan, kegiatan, pengamatan, refleksi, dan resi.. Data yang diperoleh berupa hasil tes formatif, lembar observasi aktitas siswa selama kegiatan belajar mengajar. Dari hasil analisis didapatkan bahwa pemahaman dan prestasi belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan dari pra siklus, siklus I sampai siklus II yaitu, prasiklus nilai rata-rata 59,00 dengan ketuntasan (12,54%), siklus I nilai rata-rata 68,38 dengan tingkat ketuntasan (54,85%), dan siklus II nilai rata-rata 79,31 dengan tingkat ketuntasan (100 %). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pembelajaran dengan Model Pembelajaran Project Based Learning dapat meningkatkan prestasi dan motivasi belajar.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA SD DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL)
Authors: Rahmi Hanifatul , Syafweny Etna , Susilawaty S , Fatmawati F
Published: January 2021

Artikel ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang terdiri atas dua siklus yang dilaksanakan pada SD Negeri 001 Rimba Sekampung di Kelas III yang berjumlah 20 orang siswa. Objek penelitian ini adalah hasil belajar matematika siswa pada materi perkalian dan pembagian dengan tahapan perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes hasil belajar dan observasi yang dianalisis secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data diperoleh bahwa: (1) rata-rata hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I adalah 80 dengan persentase ketuntasan siswa 71,43%; (2) rata-rata hasil belajar siswa pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 83,30 dengan persentase ketuntasan siswa 80,95%; dan (3) hasil obeservasi pada siklus I sebesar 82,50 dengan kategori baik mengalami peningkatan menjadi 92,50 dengan kategori sangat baik pada siklus II. Kesimpulannya adalah model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.
Analisis Kesalahan Siswa Menyelesaikan Soal Cerita Materi Barisan dan Deret Aritmetika Kelas XI MIA SMA Al-Ikhlas Lubuklinggau
Authors: Sari Murni Anita , Efuansyah E , Fitriyana Nur
Published: January 2021

Abstract: This study aims to find out what types of errors and factors cause students to make mistakes in solving the arithmetic sequence and sequence material for class XI MIA SMA Al-Ikhlas Lubuklinggau. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques in research using observation, interviews and documents. Data analysis procedure with the steps: data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The results showed that there were errors made by students of class XI MIA SMA Al-Ikhlas Lubuklinggau in solving story questions about arithmetic sequences and series, namely: errors in understanding questions (49.99%), question transformation (50%), operation process (79.16 %) and writing the final answer (88.89%). The overall average error is (67.01%) with the high category. Based on the results of the interview the causes of students made mistakes, namely: students forgot and were unable to write information into mathematical symbols, did not know the formulas that should be used in the questions, were in a hurry because time was running out, were not careful, were mistaken in writing the operation signs, did not know which steps were must be done, forgetting to write down conclusions, and consider the final answer only to get the value that is sought.

 Keywords: Analysis, Errors, Problem Stories, Sequences and Arithmetic Series.
Naturalistic Intelligence
Authors: Sadiku Matthew N. O. , Ashaolu Tolulope J. , Musa Sarhan M.
Published: January 2021

Naturalistic intelligence is one of the multiple intelligences proposed by researcher Howard Gardner. Naturalistic intelligence refers to a person’s interest in the “natural” world of animals, plants, and the natural work around them. It is the ability to identify and classify patterns in natural environment. Individuals with naturalist intelligence have a sensitivity to and appreciation for nature. Naturalists are inspired and rejuvenated by nature. This paper provides an introduction on naturalistic intelligence.
Effects of ICT on Teaching and Learning: A Review of Related Literature
Authors: Amponsah Benjamin Kwasi , Stonier Francis
Published: January 2021

The advent of ICT has made monumental changes in the world presently. This digital phenomenon has had effect in every facet of human life or endeavor. The introduction of ICT in education helped to improve the quality of education at the point where teaching and learning eventually became an engaging active process related to real life. The present study intends to collate the findings from a review of array of available literature related to the effects of ICT on education. The 21st century teaching and learning skills emphasize the need to transform the conventional teacher-centered pedagogy to more learner-centered methodology. Active and collaborative learning conditions facilitated by ICT helps to develop a knowledge-centered student community. This research work gives an insight into the use of ICT in the field of education, focusing on its impact on teaching learning process, quality, and accessibility of education, motivating learners, learning environment and students’ academic performance.
Highly time-resolved measurements of element concentrations in PM10 and PM2.5: comparison of Delhi, Beijing, London, and Krakow
Authors: Rai Pragati , Slowik Jay G. , Furger Markus , El Haddad Imad , Visser Suzanne , Tong Yandong , Singh Atinderpal , Wehrle Günther , Kumar Varun , Tobler Anna K. , Bhattu Deepika , Wang Liwei , Ganguly Dilip , Rastogi Neeraj , Huang Ru-Jin , Necki Jaroslaw , Cao Junji , Tripathi Sachchida N. , Baltensperger Urs , Prévôt André S. H.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. We present highly time-resolved (30 to 120 min)
measurements of size-fractionated (PM10 and PM2.5) elements in two
cities in Asia (Delhi and Beijing) and Europe (Krakow and London). For most
elements, the mean concentrations in PM10 and PM2.5 are higher in
the Asian cities (up to 24 and 28 times, respectively) than in Krakow and
often higher in Delhi than in Beijing. Among European cities, Krakow shows
higher elemental concentrations (up to 20 and 27 times, respectively) than
London. Hourly maximum concentrations of Pb and Zn reach up to 1 µg m−3 in Delhi, substantially higher than at the other sites. The
enrichment factor of an element together with the size distribution allows
for a rough classification of elements by major source. We define five
groups: (1) dust emissions, (2) non-exhaust traffic emissions, (3) solid fuel
combustion, (4) mixed traffic/industrial emissions, and (5)
industrial/coal/waste burning emissions, with the last group exhibiting the
most site-to-site variability. We demonstrate that the high time resolution
and size-segregated elemental dataset can be a powerful tool to assess
aerosol composition and sources in urban environments. Our results highlight
the need to consider the size distributions of toxic elements, diurnal
patterns of targeted emissions, and local vs. regional effects in
formulating effective environmental policies to protect public health.
Retrieval of UV-Visible aerosol absorption using AERONET and
OMI-MODIS synergy: Spatial and temporal variability across major
aerosol environments
Authors: Kayetha Vinay , Torres Omar , Jethva Hiren
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Measuring spectral aerosol absorption remains a challenging task in aerosol studies, especially in the UV region, where the ground and airborne measurements are sparse. In this research, we introduce an algorithm that synergizes ground measurements with satellite observations for the derivation of spectral single scattering albedo (SSA, ωo) of aerosols in the UV to visible range (340–670 nm). The approach consists in explaining satellite measured near-UV radiances (340, 354 and 388 nm) by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), and visible radiances (466 and 646 nm) by MODerate Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS), in terms of ground-based Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) measurements of total column extinction aerosol optical depth (AOD, τ), and retrieved total column wavelength dependent SSA using radiative transfer calculations. Required information on aerosol particle size distribution is taken from an AERONET-based climatology specifically developed for this project. This inversion procedure is applied over 110 AERONET sites distributed worldwide, for which continuous, long-term AERONET measurements are available. Using the derived data set we present seasonal and regional climatology of ωo(λ) for carbonaceous, dust and urban/industrial aerosol types. The UV-Visible spectral dependence of ωo obtained for the three major aerosol types from the synergy algorithm is found to be consistent with the in situ measurements reported in the literature. A comparison to standard AERONET SSA product at 646 nm shows absolute differences within 0.03 (0.05) for 40 % (59 %) of the compared observations. The derived aerosol ωo(λ) data set provides a valuable addition to the existing aerosol absorption record from AERONET by extending the absorption retrieval capability to the near-UV region. The combined UV-Visible data set, in addition to improving our understanding of spectral aerosol absorption properties, also offers wavelength-dependent dynamic aerosol absorption models for use in the satellite-based aerosol retrieval algorithms.
Mg∕Ca, Sr∕Ca and stable isotopes from the planktonic foraminifera T. sacculifer: testing a multi-proxy approach for inferring paleotemperature and paleosalinity
Authors: Dissard Delphine , Reichart Gert Jan , Menkes Christophe , Mangeas Morgan , Frickenhaus Stephan , Bijma Jelle
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Over the last decades, sea surface temperature (SST) reconstructions based
on the Mg∕Ca of foraminiferal calcite have frequently been used in
combination with the δ18O signal from the same material to
provide estimates of the δ18O of water (δ18Ow), a proxy for global ice volume and sea surface salinity
(SSS). However, because of error propagation from one step to the next,
better calibrations are required to increase the accuracy and robustness of
existing isotope and element to temperature proxy relationships. Towards
that goal, we determined Mg∕Ca, Sr∕Ca and the oxygen isotopic composition of
Trilobatus sacculifer (previously referenced as Globigerinoides sacculifer) collected from surface waters (0–10 m) along a
north–south transect in the eastern basin of the tropical and subtropical
Atlantic Ocean. We established a new paleotemperature calibration based on
Mg∕Ca and on the combination of Mg∕Ca and Sr∕Ca. Subsequently, a
sensitivity analysis was performed in which one, two or three different
equations were considered. Results indicate that foraminiferal Mg∕Ca allows
for an accurate reconstruction of surface water temperature. Combining
equations, δ18Ow can be reconstructed with a precision of about
± 0.5 ‰. However, the best possible salinity
reconstruction based on locally calibrated equations only allowed for a
reconstruction with an uncertainty of ± 2.49. This was confirmed by a
Monte Carlo simulation, applied to test successive reconstructions in an
“ideal case” in which explanatory variables are known. This simulation shows
that from a purely statistical point of view, successive reconstructions
involving Mg∕Ca and δ18Oc preclude salinity reconstructions with
a precision better than ± 1.69 and hardly better than ± 2.65
due to error propagation. Nevertheless, a direct linear fit to reconstruct
salinity based on the same measured variables (Mg∕Ca and δ18Oc)
was established. This direct reconstruction of salinity led to a much
better estimation of salinity (± 0.26) than the successive
reconstructions.
Modelling the hydrological interactions between a fissured granite aquifer and a valley mire in the Massif Central, France
Authors: Duranel Arnaud , Thompson Julian R. , Burningham Helene , Durepaire Philippe , Garambois Stéphane , Wyns Robert , Cubizolle Hervé
Published: January 2021

Abstract. We developed a high-resolution MIKE SHE/MIKE 11 model of a 231.3 ha headwater catchment in the granitic uplands of the French
Massif Central to estimate the contribution of groundwater upwelling to the
water balance of the Dauges mire, an acidic valley mire of international
importance for nature conservation. We estimated that groundwater upwelling
from the underlying weathered granite formations – mostly an approximately 55 m deep fissured zone – provides 27.1 % of total long-term inflows to
the mire. This contribution increases to 37.2 % in September when total
inflows are small. Overland boundary inflow accounts for an average of
40.2 % of total inflows. However, most of this originates from
groundwater seepage through mineral soils along the mire margins or in small
non-channelised valleys upslope of the mire. A sensitivity analysis showed that model performance in terms of the simulation of mire groundwater levels was most sensitive to parameters describing the mineral soils and weathered granite formations rather than the overlying peat layer. Variation partitioning demonstrated that groundwater upwelling was the most important
factor driving simulated monthly groundwater table depth within the mire.
Sustained groundwater upwelling maintains the mire water table close to or
at ground level for most of the year. As a result, precipitation and
overland boundary inflows quickly leave the wetland as saturation-excess runoff. There was close agreement between the observed distribution of mire habitats and areas where the simulated long-term groundwater seepage rate
was larger than zero in September. Our results demonstrate that, contrary to
the assumed small contribution of groundwater to the hydrology of hard-rock regions, groundwater upwelling from underlying weathered formations can be a
quantitatively important and functionally critical element of the water
balance of valley mires in granitic headwater catchments. These results have
important legal and management implications.
Simple rules for resolved level crossing spectra in magnetic field
effects on reaction yields
Authors: Stass Dmitri V. , Bagryansky Victor A. , Molin Yuri N.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. In this work we derive conditions under which a level crossing line in magnetic field effect curve for a recombining radical pair will be equivalent to ESR spectrum, and discuss three simple rules for qualitative prediction of the level crossing spectra.