bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Uganda (#CCG)
Authors: Cannone Carla , Allington Lucy , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger , Hirmer Stephanie
Published: May 2021

Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Uganda, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and three stylized scenarios (Fossil Future, Least Cost and Net Zero by 2050) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for South Africa (#CCG)
Authors: Allington Lucy , Cannone Carla , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger , Hirmer Stephanie
Published: May 2021

Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for South Africa, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and two stylized scenarios (Fossil Future and Least Cost) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Lesotho (#CCG)
Authors: Allington Lucy , Cannone Carla , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger , Hirmer Stephanie
Published: May 2021

Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. This article therefore provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Lesotho, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and two stylized scenarios (Fossil Future and Least Cost) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Rwanda (#CCG)
Authors: Cannone Carla , Allington Lucy , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger , Hirmer Stephanie
Published: May 2021

Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Rwanda, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and two stylized scenarios (Fossil Future and Least Cost) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Libya (#CCG)
Authors: Allington Lucy , Cannone Carla , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger , Hirmer Stephanie
Published: May 2021

Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. This article therefore provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Libya, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and three stylized scenarios (Fossil Future, Least Cost and Net Zero by 2050) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Enhanced third-order optical Kerr nonlinearity in SiN nanowires with integrated 2D graphene oxide films
Authors: Moss David
Published: May 2021

Layered 2D graphene oxide (GO) films are integrated with silicon nitride (SiN) waveguides to experimentally demonstrate an enhanced Kerr nonlinearity via four-wave mixing (FWM). Owing to the strong light–matter interaction between the SiN waveguides and the highly nonlinear GO films, the FWM performance of the hybrid waveguides is significantly improved. SiN waveguides with both uniformly coated and patterned GO films are fabricated based on a transfer-free, layer-by-layer GO coating method together with standard photolithography and lift-off processes, yielding precise control of the film thickness, placement and coating length. Detailed FWM measurements are carried out for the fabricated devices with different numbers of GO layers and at different pump powers. By optimizing the trade-off between the nonlinearity and loss, we obtain a significant improvement in the FWM conversion efficiency of ≈7.3 dB for a uniformly coated device with 1 layer of GO and ≈9.1 dB for a patterned device with 5 layers of GO. We also obtain a significant increase in FWM bandwidth for the patterned devices. A detailed analysis of the influence of pattern length and position on the FWM performance is performed. Based on the FWM measurements, the dependence of GO’s third-order nonlinearity on layer number and pump power is also extracted, revealing interesting physical insights about the 2D layered GO films. Finally, we obtain an enhancement in the effective nonlinear parameter of the hybrid waveguides by over a factor of 100. These results verify the enhanced nonlinear optical performance of SiN waveguides achievable by incorporating 2D layered GO films.
Fine Mapping of Cla015407 Controlling Plant Height in Watermelon
Authors: Zhang Taifeng , Liu Jiajun , Amanullah Sikandar , Ding Zhuo , Cui Haonan , Luan Feishi , Gao Peng
Published: May 2021

The plant compact and dwarf growth habit is an important agronomic trait when breeding watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cultivars because of their reduced vine length, high-density planting, and better land utilization; however, the genetic basis of the dwarf growth habit is not well-known. In this study, the plant population of six generations, P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1P1, and BC1P2, were studied. A genetic segregation analysis demonstrated that dwarfism is mainly controlled by a single recessive Cldw gene. Furthermore, whole-genome sequencing of two distinct watermelon cultivars, W1-1 (P1) and 812 (P2), was performed and preliminarily mapped through a bulked segregant analysis of F2 individuals that revealed the Cldw gene locus on chromosome 9. Two candidate genes, Cla015407 and Cla015408, were discovered at the delimited region of 43.2 kb by fine mapping, and gene annotation exposed that the Cla015407 gene encodes gibberellic acid 3β-hydroxylase protein. In addition, a comparative analysis of gene sequence and cultivars sequences across the reference genome of watermelon revealed the splice site mutation in the intron region of the Cldw gene in dwarf-type cultivar 812. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction exhibited a significantly higher expression of the Cla015407 gene in cultivar W1-1 compared with 812. There was no significant difference in the vine length of both cultivars after gibberellic acid treatment. In brief, our fine mapping demonstrated that Cla015407 is a candidate gene controlling dwarfism of watermelon plants.
Estimation of power consumption when trapping finely-dispersed particles in a separator with coaxially-arranged pipes
Authors: Zinurov V. E. , Dmitriev A. V. , Badretdinova G. R. , Bikkulov R. Ya. , Madyshev I. N.
Published: May 2021

This article sets out to estimate power consumption when trapping finely-dispersed particles of silicon dioxide using a separator with coaxially-arranged pipes, as well as the efficiency of such an installation. To this end, a numerical simulation of the movement of a gas flow with finely-dispersed particles of silicon dioxide through a separator with coaxial pipes was carried out in the ANSYS Fluent software. During the experiments, the inlet gas flow rate varied from 5 to 10 m/s, while the width and height of the rectangular slit ranged 2.1-8.7 and 10-30 mm, respectively. It was shown that the maximum efficiency of collecting finely-dispersed silicon dioxide particles and the minimum power consumption required for pumping the gas flow through the installation largely depends on the formation of a stable vortex structure in the interpipe space. The research showed that the optimal inlet gas flow rate equals 7.5 m/s. At this rate, the efficiency of particle collection corresponds to higher rates with a devia tion of ± 6%. In this case, the pressure loss is 1.74 times lower than that at higher rates. In order to achieve an efficiency of at least 90% with the height of the rectangular slit from 10 to 30 mm, the Stokes numbers must correspond to values of more than 50. The power consumption required for pumping a gas containing silicon dioxide particles through a separator equipped with coaxial pipes comprises from 1.9 to 31.2 W at the inlet gas flow rate of 7.5 m/s. In this case, the parameters of the rectangular slit are as follows: width - from 2.1 to 8.7 mm, height - from 10 to 30 mm. The use of separators with coaxially-arranged pipes in technological lines based on plasma technologies can become an alternative to installations for fine gas purification.
Postoperative delirium in children in undergoing treatment of congenital septal heart defects
Authors: Ivkin A. A. , Grigoriev E V. , Tsepokina A. V. , Shukevich D. L.
Published: May 2021

The objective: to establish the prevalence of postoperative delirium (POD) and the influence of various factors in intra- and postoperative periods on its occurrence in children with septal congenital defects requiring surgical interventions with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).

Subjects and methods: 40 children from 6 to 36 months and weighing from 7.5 to 15 kg were enrolled in the study; they underwent planned radical surgery of septal CHD with cardiopulmonary bypass. In the postoperative period, all patients were tested using the Cornell Assessment for Pediatric Delirium validated for children of this age. Cerebral damage was also assessed using three specific serum markers: protein S-100-ß, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP) before the surgery, upon bypass completion, and in 16 hours after the operation.

Results. The study revealed the incidence of delirium in 22.5%. When analyzing many factors of the intra- and postoperative period, it was found that the use of donor blood components in the primary volume of CPB filling was statistically significantly more often observed in patients with established delirium: 7 (78%) and 13 (42%) (p = 0.049). Also, it was found that levels of S-100-ß, NSE, and GFAP were significantly higher in patients with confirmed POD.

The study described the incidence of POD in children after surgical treatment of congenital heart disease under cardiopulmonary bypass and showed that intraoperative transfusion was a risk factor for the development of delirium. The role of markers of cerebral damage in the diagnosis of POD was also proven.
Effect of dalargin and remaxol on endocrine and metabolic disorders in patients with thoracoabdominal trauma
Authors: Miroshnichenko A. G. , Rakhmanov R. M. , Bolshakova M. A. , Popov A. A. , Popova E. A. , Rakhmanova E. A. , Shamov D. S. , Lutsenko M. V. , Khabarova O. I. , Mamedov R. A.
Published: May 2021

The objective: to evaluate the effect of combined use of analgesics, dalargin and tissue metabolism correctors on endocrine-metabolic disorders in patients with thoracoabdominal trauma who were injured in road accidents.

Subjects and methods. A single-center prospective randomized study was conducted in 30 victims of road accidents with thoracoabdominal trauma and traumatic shock. In 15 patients of the main group, in addition to conventional therapy, dalargin, lornoxicam were administered intravenously, and remaxol was infused.

Results. The combined use of analgesics, dalargin and correctors of tissue metabolism contributed to the maintenance of cortisol concentration at the level of compensated stress in patients of the main group, which indicated more favorable adaptive capabilities of the body.

Conclusions. Intensive therapy in patients of the main group helps to reduce the severity of anaerobic processes, optimize energy processes at the cellular level, reduce the enzymatic activity of the liver, and reduces the hospital stay of patients by 5 bed-days.
STrEAMlining EFT Matching
Authors: Cohen Timothy , Lu Xiaochuan , Zhang Zhengkang
Published: May 2021

This paper presents STrEAM (SuperTrace Evaluation Automated for Matching), a Mathematica package that calculates all functional supertraces which arise when matching a generic UV model onto a relativistic Effective Field Theory (EFT) at one loop and to arbitrary order in the heavy mass expansion. STrEAM implements the covariant derivative expansion to automate the most tedious step of the streamlined functional matching prescription presented in Ref. [1]. The code and an example notebook are available at this link.
THE REFORMULATION OF ALGORITHM FOR CALCULATING STAR’S POSITION AS THE SIGN OF ISYA AND FAJR PRAYER TIMES
Authors: Nahwandi Muhammad Syaoqi
Published: May 2021

The position of the stars in the sky was used by Islamic Astronomy scholars as a sign of early Isya and Fajr prayers. This method is an alternative that was used in the past when there has not been an advanced time keeping tool like nowadays, especially for locations where syafaq and fajr shâdiq phenomena cannot be observed. Some of the algorithms used for calculating the star's position as a sign of early Isya and Fajr prayers are still fairly approximation (taqrîbi). So it requires a reformulation of the algorithm to make it is suitable for use in this period. This study resulted two offers of algorithms which are obtained by reformulating al-Buraidi’s method and al-Hâsib’s: First, the culmination of stars. Second, star’s altitude and azimuth. Accuracy test of reformulation of the algorithm compared by stellar observations shows that the results in reformulation of algorithm for calculating star’s position as the sign of early Isya and Fajr prayer time are quite accurate with accuracy in units of arc minutes.
THE DETERMINATION OF BEGINNING OF PASAH ANDTELLASAN AT AL-KARAWI ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL OF SUMENEP REGENCY
Authors: Rausi Fathor
Published: May 2021

The determination of beginning of Pasah and Tellasan in Al-Karawi Islamic Boarding Schools is often different from the decisions of the government (Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia) or Islamic society organizations, such as Nahdlatul Ulama or Muhammadiyah. Al-Karawi Islamic Boarding School uses the calculating method compiled by one of the boarding school educators in determining the beginning of fasting and Eid. This research is intended to analyze the phenomenon of early fasting and Eid froma sociological perspective. These problems are discussed with field research through the socio legal studies approach. The results of this study indicate that the beginning determination of fasting and Eid Al-Karawi Islamic Boarding School is often different from the government is due to the strong patronage relationship among kiai, santri and the residents of Karawi village.
The characteristics and in-sewer transport potential of solids derived from domestic food waste disposers
Authors: Legge Abigail , Nichols Andy , Jensen Henriette , Tait Simon , Ashley Richard
Published: May 2021

This study aims to assess the transportability of food waste disposer particles within a sewer system. A series of laboratory studies has examined the physical characteristics of solid particles derived from domestic food waste disposers. Particle size distributions and maximum settling velocity characteristics were measured for 18 common food types, and stored in a publicly accessible database. Particle size distributions are shown to fit well with a 2-parameter Gamma distribution. Settling velocity is generally higher for larger particles, except when particle density and sphericity change. For most food types, particle specific gravity was close to unity. Egg shell particles had a significantly higher specific gravity. This information, combined with the particle size data have been used to show that there is a very low likelihood of food waste particle deposition in sewers during normal operational flows, other than temporary transient deposits of egg shell particles.
Numeric modeling of bacteria population evolution in human lungs
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 29 Komsomolskiy Ave., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation, Pil N.E. , Chigvintsev V.M. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation
Published: May 2021

The present work focuses on building up a mathematical model showing bacteria population evolution in human lungs taking into account dynamics of immune processes; the model would be useful for assessing functional damage to the lungs. Numeric modeling of processes that occur in a human body is a promising tool for analyzing and predicting impacts exerted by risk factors on health. The suggested approach was developed within a concept describing a human body as a multi-level model that allowed for interaction between various systems and functional state of examined organs given effects produced on them by different adverse factors. Since direct modeling of the structure and processes occurring in the lungs is rather complicated, these organs are usually described with a porous medium model and it requires a lot of computing resources. Damage to the lungs determined via an evolution equation was introduced into the model. The equation described dependence between damage and infiltrate distribution and effects produced on alveolar cells by toxicants excreted by bacteria. The work dwells on certain results that characterize how concentrations of immune system components and bacteria population are spatially distributed when an immune response is evolving. Our research provides a qualitative insight into reasons for quantitative changes in bacteria population under immune reactions occurring in a body under exposure to different factors. This approach can be used for obtaining more precise parameters for existing population models that show spread and clinical course of bacterial infections and for making a long-term prediction of an epidemiological situation. Results obtained with this approach can be useful for analyzing risks of communicable diseases including those occurring under exposure to adverse environmental factors.
Methodical approaches to assessing individual occupaitonl health risk caused by work-related diseases during the whole employment period
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation, Shur P.Z. , Zaitseva N.V. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation, Fokin V.A. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation, Kiryanov D.A. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation, Khasanova A.A. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation
Published: May 2021

An increase in retirement age means that employment period is prolonged; it calls for preserving people’s working capacities for a longer period of time including those with long-term working experience. It is especially vital when it comes to adverse working conditions that might cause high health risks for workers due to work-related diseases. We suggested methodical approaches to determining individual occupational health risks; these approaches took into account occupationally induced negative responses to impacts exerted by work-related factors; pathogenetic mechanisms of health disorders occurrence; gravity of health disorders; workers’ age and working experience. To implement these approaches, we applied a set of procedures that included hygienic and epidemiologic analysis, clinical and laboratory examination of workers, mathematic modeling and prediction. We tested these approaches via assessing occupational health risks for workers employed at oil-extracting enterprises and it allowed us to determine parameters of dependence between changes in arterial hypertension predictors under exposure to occupational noise and changes in age and working experience (b0=0.1427; b1=0.007; b2=-0.372). The obtained parameters can be used in assessing risks of arterial hypertension occurrence due to exposure to occupational noise for workers employed in oil extraction. Individual occupational risk caused by arterial hypertension in people exposed to occupational noise was higher than its permissible level (1∙10-3) for 13% workers (33 people) aged from 41 to 52 and working experience from 19.8 to 33 years; the risk detected in our research amounted up to 2.4∙10-2. Maximum individual risks of work-related arterial hypertension that are predicted to occur at an age close to 59 years amount up to 4.3∙10-2 and they will be higher than permissible levels for 56.6% работников; at an age close to 65 years, up to 4.7∙10-2, and they will be higher than permissible levels for 64.8% workers.
Association between HSPA1B, S100B, and TNF genes polymorphisms and risks of chronic mercury poisoning
Authors:   East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, 12 a the 3rd micro-district, Angarsk, 665827, Russian Federation, Chernyak Yu.I.
Published: May 2021

We examined association between HSPA1B (+1267A/G, rs1061581), TNF-α (–308G/A, rs1800629), and S100B (C/T, rs9722) genes polymorphisms and chronic mercury poisoning (CMP). PCR-RFLP analysis was used to examine a cohort consisting of 128 workers who were chronically exposed to mercury vapor; workers were distributed into two groups. The group 1 was made up of workers with long working experience who didn’t have CMP (n = 46), the group 2 included patients with long-term CMP period (n = 82). In addition, we estimated frequencies of rs1061581genotypes in 298 practically healthy men from regional sub-population (group 3). HSPA1B (+1267A/G) polymorphic variant was established to have more frequent carriage of both minor G allele (р = 0.003) and a rare GG homozygote (р = 0.005) in the group 2 against the group 1. 23.2 % patients from the group 2 turned out to have GG genotype and CMP was diagnosed in 95 % people who had it. We didn’t detect any differences in genotypes distribution among people from the examined occupational cohort (groups 1 and 2) against the group 3. GG-HSP1AB (+1267A/G) homozygous genotype was shown to be associated with CMP risks (OR = 13.57, p < 0.0001, recessive model). Haplotype G–G (rs1061581–rs1800629) carriers were established to run 2.6 higher risks of CMP occurrence (р = 0.0098), and there was a significant linkage disequilibrium D' = 0.459 (р = 0.0004) between a pair of the abovementioned polymorphic loci. These data indicate that there is genetic interaction between HSPA1B (+1267A/G) and TNF-α (–308G/A) loci in the examined cohort. Overall, these results indicate that carriers of GG-HSPA1B (+1267A/G) genotype run high predictive risks of CMP occurrence.
The Benefits of Handwriting Class Notes: Neuroanatomy, Mindfulness, and Anecdotal Evidence Supporting Handwritten Notes
Authors: Cooper Sarah , Pizzi Linda , Wood Jennifer , Arcona Benjamin , Bibey Haley , Brennan Jillian , Manion Brady , Jarvis Olivia , Walsh Sarah
Published: May 2021

Students who take notes by hand are more likely to process the content by summarizing or paraphrasing the material to maximize understanding and recall compared to those who use a keyboard for note taking. The benefits of handwriting notes can be seen not only in student performance but also in the brain itself as measured by high density encephalograms (HD-EEG), which indicate that proficiency in handwriting is associated with advanced brain function. Proficient handwriting is strongly correlated with the quality of writing, the ability to read, the ability to spell, and the ability to compose written documents, all of which are beneficial to students at all grade levels. This article examines the benefits of taking notes in class, the computer versus handwriting for note taking, and the neuroanatomy of the regions of the brain that are triggered by the process of taking handwritten notes. Anecdotal evidence of the value of note taking in class is offered and the role that mindfulness can play in the process of handwriting and reviewing class notes is examined.
Therapeutic Potential of Lymphoid Infiltrates in Breast Cancer
Authors: Chen Xiao-Yang , Tan Puay Hoon
Published: May 2021

Despite diagnostic and therapeutic advances in breast cancer, it remains the
most frequently diagnosed malignancy in females, with the highest cancer-related mortality
rate in women globally. With an improved understanding of the complex interactions
between breast cancer and the immune system, immunotherapy has shown great potential
in clinical management, potentially adding to current treatment modalities. These immunotherapeutic
approaches include adoptive cell transfer therapy, cancer vaccination,
monoclonal antibody therapy, and oncolytic virus therapy. Depending on the immune
cells and cytokines present, the tumour microenvironment (TME) can be immunosuppressive
or favourable for mounting an immune response. Effector lymphocytes play an essential
role during an anticancer immune response, but their activities can be suppressed
by the hostile TME. Many studies have made good progress in the modulation of the immune
response to allow the identification and elimination of tumour cells. However, the
efficacy of these immunotherapies is patient-specific and highly dependent on the immunological
profile of the tumour and its TME. This review will give an overview of
breast cancer, the immune system as well as their complex relationship. Strategies and approaches
that can harness the potential of immunotherapy that engages lymphocytes in
the treatment of breast cancer, along with their current challenges, will also be discussed.
Lipid Disorders in Pregnancy
Authors: Liberis Anastasios , Petousis Stamatis , Tsikouras Panagiotis
Published: May 2021

Dyslipidemia represents a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In addition, severe hypertriglyceridemia
is an important cause of acute pancreatitis. Accordingly, the increase in serum lipid levels that is observed
during pregnancy has potentially important implications. The management of dyslipidemia in pregnancy
is further complicated by the lack of safety data during this period for most of the lipid-lowering agents. In the
present review, we discuss the most important lipid disorders in pregnant women and their management. Pregnancy
is characterized by increases in both low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride levels,
which might result in severe complications both for the mother and the fetus. Accordingly, LDL-C and triglyceride
levels should be monitored during pregnancy, particularly in women with a history of dyslipidemia. Diet
is the mainstay of management of dyslipidemia in pregnant women and apheresis can also be considered in patients
with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia or severe hypertriglyceridemia. However, there is a
pressing need for studies that evaluate the safety of lipid-lowering agents during pregnancy.
Potential Candidates against COVID-19 Targeting RNA-Dependent RNA
Polymerase: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Agrawal Neetu , Goyal Ahsas
Published: May 2021

Due to the extremely contagious nature of SARS-COV-2, it presents a significant threat to humans
worldwide. A plethora of studies are going on all over the world to discover the drug to fight SARS-COV-2. One
of the most promising targets is RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), responsible for viral RNA replication
in host cells. Since RdRp is a viral enzyme with no host cell homologs, it allows the development of selective
SARS-COV-2 RdRp inhibitors. A variety of studies used in silico approaches for virtual screening, molecular
docking, and repurposing of already existing drugs and phytochemicals against SARS-COV-2 RdRp. This review
focuses on collating compounds possessing the potential to inhibit SARS-COV-2 RdRp based on in silico studies
to give medicinal chemists food for thought so that the existing drugs can be repurposed for the control and treatment
of ongoing COVID-19 pandemic after performing in vitro and in vivo experiments.
Cholinergic Modulation of General Anesthesia
Authors: Leung Lai-Wo Stan , Luo Tao
Published: May 2021

Acetylcholine in the brain promotes arousal and facilitates cognitive functions. Cholinergic
neurons in the mesopontine brainstem and basal forebrain are important for activation of the cerebral
cortex, which is characterized by the suppression of irregular slow waves, an increase in gamma (30-
100 Hz) activity in the electroencephalogram, and the appearance of a hippocampal theta rhythm. During
general anesthesia, a decrease in acetylcholine release and cholinergic functions contribute to the
desired outcomes of general anesthesia, such as amnesia, loss of awareness and consciousness, and
immobility. Animal experiments indicate that inactivation, lesion, or genetic ablation of cholinergic
neurons in the basal forebrain potentiated the effects of inhalational and injectable anesthetics, including
isoflurane, halothane, propofol, pentobarbital, and in some cases, ketamine. Increased behavioral
sensitivity to general anesthesia, faster induction time, and delayed recovery of a loss of righting reflex
have been observed in rodents with basal forebrain cholinergic deficits. Cholinergic stimulation in the
prefrontal cortex, thalamus, and basal forebrain hastens recovery from general anesthesia. Anticholinesterase
accelerates emergence from general anesthesia, but with mixed success, in part depending on
the anesthetic used. Cholinergic deficits may contribute to cognitive impairments after anesthesia and
operations, which are severe in aged subjects. We propose a cholinergic hypothesis for postoperative
cognitive disorder, in line with the cholinergic deficits and cognitive decline in aging and Alzheimer’s
disease. The current animal literature suggests that brain cholinergic neurons can regulate the immune
and inflammatory response after surgical operation and anesthetic exposure, and anticholinesterase and
α7-nicotinic cholinergic agonists can alleviate postoperative inflammatory response and cognitive deficits.
Identification of Active Phytochemical from Traditional Herbal Knowledge-base Targeting Pantothenate Synthetase for Anti-tuberculosis Therapy
Authors: Mahanta Saurov , Gogoi Bhaskarjyoti , Chetia Pankaj , Tanti Bhaben , Handique Pratap J.
Published: May 2021

Increased numbers of reported cases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) resistance to the
generally used antibiotics demand to identify novel therapeutic entities for better control of Tuberculosis.
Most of the Structure-based Drug Discovery (SBDD) works reported earlier had screened compounds
against a single drug target to avoid any off-target binding and related complications. Because
of the development of Multi-Drug Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant strains of Mtb and looking
into the incurable pathologies, targeting the right drug target with a promising ligand data set will result
in effective therapeutics. Simultaneously, traditional knowledge-based drugs have earned little
success in developing anti-tuberculosis drugs in recent studies. Combining the right-target approach
and traditional herbal knowledge base, this in silico drug discovery study was carried out where 1236
compounds from two plants, traditionally used for TB treatment, Camellia sinensis, Ginkgo biloba
along with the antibacterial compounds of DrugBank Database have been screened against Pantothenate
synthetase of Mtb, a well-known drug target for anti-TB therapeutics. Through this analytics, Epigallocatechin
gallate (EGCG) of Camellia sinensis has been reported through in silico docking studies
and subsequent Molecular Dynamics simulation, as a promising anti-TB candidate due to its affinity
towards Pantothenate synthetase of Mtb. EGCG was subjected to ADME-Tox studies as well as 3D
QSAR analysis for the detection of its drug-like properties and for the determination of IC50 value.
The EGCG showed the IC50 value at 1404 nM, which is quite promising for a plant-origin compound.
The selected ligand, EGCG, due to its promising affinity towards Pantothenate synthetase of Mtb with
high drug-like properties, justifies its selection as a potential anti-tuberculosis compound.
The Quality of Life of Thalassemic Patients: The Role of Endocrine Defect
Compensation
Authors: Mattia Lorenza , Samperi Irene , Monti Salvatore , Toscano Vincenzo , Pugliese Giuseppe , Poggi Maurizio
Published: May 2021

Background:

The improvement of beta thalassaemia treatments has led to an increase in
life expectancy. This implies the emergence of new comorbidities. Amongst others, endocrine
glands are extremely sensitive to iron overload.

Objective:

We aimed to understand the impact of the endocrine conditions on the patient’s quality
of life (QOL).

Results:

Hypogonadism may present with lack or delay of pubertal development, sexual dysfunctions
and impaired fertility, which impact QOL in both sexes. Early recognition and treatment, as
well as choosing the most appropriate therapy, according to patient’s needs (fertility, pubertal development,
psychological concerns, comorbidities), are advisable.
Osteoporosis affects QOL irrespective of symptoms. Growth hormone deficiency may occur both
in childhood and in adulthood, and it affects different aspects of QOL. In adults, it could be difficult
to examine if the symptoms are due to GHD, and a trial of GH replacement could be useful to
identify benefits and needs.
Glucose metabolism impairment is common in thalassaemic patients and early recognition is
mandatory because long-term complications can have a detrimental impact on QOL (as blindness
or dialysis).
Although the incidence of adrenal insufficiency seems to be rare in thalassaemic patients, when it
occurs, it has a severe impact on QOL.

Conclusion:

Limited data is available on QOL in thalassaemic patients, and is even less related to
endocrinopathies. We can speculate that endocrinopathies have an impact on everyday life. More
studies are needed to allow our patients to achieve not just a longer life but also a better quality of
life.
ISU KESEHATAN DALAM SENGKETA IMPOR DAGING AYAM ANTARA INDONESIA – BRAZIL DI WTO
Authors:   Fakultas Hukum Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana, Siswanto Ari
Published: May 2021

Abstract This paper discusses the issue of human health protection as one of the exceptions of GATT obligations, considering the elements in Article XX (b) of GATT are still general in nature and thus have the potential to bring different interpretation. Focusing on the elements of "necessary to protect human life or health" and "arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination", this paper seeks to explore the various meanings of Article XX (b) GATT, including its implementation in an in concreto dispute, namely Indonesia's dispute with Brazil over chicken meat import policy. The result shows that the element of "necessary to protect human life or health" will be deemed if the state can demonstrate the existence of health risks, adopt necessary policies that mitigate such risks, and there is no other policy alternative more friendly to international trade available. In relation to the more subjective element of "arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination", the principle of good faith has not yet given a place in the consideration of this element.
Policy Implementation in Transportation Office of Kediri City Regarding to Motor Vehicle Testing
Authors: Erlambang Nanda , Haryono Bambang Santoso , Hermawan Romy
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to describe policy implementation of motor vehicle testing and its suporting and inhibiting factors in Transportation Office of Kediri City. This study was descriptive research with qualitative approach by involving all of related parties of motor vehicle testing policy in Kediri City. Data collection techniques used were documentation, observation and interviews directly in actual field. Identification of problems using the theory of Edward III, 1980. Public policy implementation in Transportation Office of Kediri City was in accordance with the theory of policy implementation of Edward III, 1980 which included factors of communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. The supporting factors for the policy implementation of motor vehicle testing in Kediri City through the Regional Technical Implementation Unit were the presence of accurate calibrated measurement tools and accreditation of institution with the predicate of B. The inhibiting factor was the absence of socialization activities in Kediri City regarding to the motor vehicle testing policies because there was no budget provided for the activities.
Strategic Planning Design in The Development of Multifunction Services of North Nias Public Library
Authors: Simanjuntak Dilli Timoria
Published: May 2021

Strategic planning in library services is becoming needs today in responding to challenges in the era of industrial revolution 4.0. Strategic planning is also needs to respond the role of libraries as institution for providing information and knowledge in educating and empowering the nation. Thus, the strategic planning design is needed as a reference in developing future-oriented library services. This research aims to formulate the North Nias Public Library’s strategic planning design in improving public services. The research method was descriptive qualitative by collecting data through interview, observation, and documentation. The results of this study were North Nias Public Library’s strategic planning design with Hensley-Schoppmeyer Model which become a reference in developing the multifunctional services of North Nias Public Library in the future and the three pillars of strategic planning stages, i.e. consensus; cooperation; and proactive, creative, and contextual actions.
Analisis Sidang Sengketa Pajak oleh Pengadilan Pajak yang Dilaksanakan Diluar Daerah Jakarta Ditinjau dari Azas Ease of Administration
Authors: Khoiry Lukmanul Hakim Al , Rahayu Ning
Published: May 2021

The implementation of the tax dispute trial is regulated by the Law of The Republic of Indonesia No.14/2002 concerning Tax Court article 4 which states that the tax dispute trial conducted by the tax court can be held in Jakarta and other regions if it is deemed necessary. The problem arises when local taxpayers whose tax dispute trials are held outside Jakarta hire a tax consultant from Jakarta, the taxpayer must bear the transportation and accomodation costs of the tax consultant team who come to the region where the trial is held, such as airline tickets, hotels, and other costs during the trial. The tax court institution also bear the travel cost of the official team of tax court judges who will lead the trial, because the judge who leads the trial comes from Jakarta. This study aims to analyze the implementation of tax dispute trial held outside Jakarta in terms of the principle of ease of administration. The results show that in terms of the four ease of administration principles, only the principle of efficiency is not fulfilled. This is due to the high costs incurred by taxpayers and tax courts side to conduct tax dispute trials outside Jakarta.
The Effect of Fiscal Balance Funds on Local Economic Growth in Indonesia
Authors: Anggono Priyo
Published: May 2021

The fiscal balance funds are the funds from the central government for the local government, and it has become the main revenue for the local governance. As the main revenue, the fiscal balance funds could affect the local economic growth. By looking at the data from the period of 2011 to 2018, this essay investigates two things, first is the relationship between fiscal balance funds and the local economic growth. This essay also identifies what are the major determinants of local economic growth in Indonesia is. Furthermore, do the results differ across regional groups. The essay finds that the relationship between fiscal balance funds have positive effect on economic growth. With the most significant funds are the DAU and DAK. The results also confirm that increasing human capital would increase economic growth. This essay also finds that even though the results for regions vary, capital expenditure still shows positive effect for economic growth. The findings from this essay would have important policy implication for the central government in Indonesia in reviewing the fiscal balance policy and determining the priority sectors
Analisis Perencanaan Kinerja dalam Perspektif Balanced Scorecard (Studi Kasus: Badan Standardisasi Nasional)
Authors: Prabowo Testianto Hanung Fajar
Published: May 2021

In the current era of openness, the performance results of government institutions in Indonesia are of high concern to the public. For this reason, Niven (2003) emphasizes that it is time to manage performance in government institutions that can always translate the vision into outcomes to improve performance results by using Balanced Scorecard (BSC). But the planning of the performance in the perspective of balanced scorecard in BSN is still inconsistent so that the performance results cannot be seen in an ongoing manner every year. This study aims to analyze performance planning in a BSC perspective at BSN based on the Nine to Steps Success Balanced Scorecard theory from Rohm (2003). In addition, this study also identifies the constraints and supporting factors that influence the planning. The result is known that the planning of the performance in BSC perspective at BSN does not go through the stages of strategic initiative and automatitation so that it affects the performance.
Perencanaan untuk Monitoring pada Skema “Izin Pemanfaatan Hutan Perhutanan Sosial” di Kabupaten Tulungagung
Authors: Putri Dicky Fernanda , Mindarti Lely Indah , Shobaruddin Muhammad
Published: May 2021

The modern forestry industry has led to the dissociation of the communities surrounding forests and deforestation, resulting in the Community welfare gap and loss of forest land cover. In overcoming this, the government issued a new policy of social forestry with IPHPS scheme that aims to provide the opportunity to the community around the forest to legally manage the forest in the working area of Perum Perhutani. This research aims to determine the planning of monitoring on IPHPS scheme in Tulungagung district that can be used to encourage in improving and strengthening the plan. This research uses descriptive research methods with a qualitative approach. The results showed that stakeholders have not conducted any planning for monitoring so that, the author made monitoring planning based on the desired stakeholder results, fact field and monitoring planning UNDP (2009).