bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Determination of Heterosis and Combining Ability for Qualitative Characteristics in Tobacco Using Half-Diallel Cross
Authors: Sufan Qamar , Khoury Boulus , Moalla Nizar
Published: May 2023

The experiment was carried out during two seasons in 2021–2023, in a nursery at the Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria, by cultivating three tobacco genotypes: Prilep, Basma, and Baladi. A half-diallel cross was made between different genotypes of tobacco. In the following season, an evaluation of the parents and individual crosses was performed, which were then distributed according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates to estimate the heterosis, general combining ability (GCA), and specific combining ability (SCA), and the nature of gene action of sugar, nicotine, protein, and chloride content. Genetic analysis showed the importance of additive and dominant effects on heredity in all studied characteristics. The variance ratio of GCA to SCA was more significant than the one for nicotine and protein content. Still, the ratio appeared to be less than one for other studied traits (sugar and chloride content). The Baladi parent exhibited a high GCA for sugar and chloride content, while the Prilep parent showed a high GCA for protein content. Further, the hybrid Prilep × Baladi exhibited the highest SCA for sugar, protein, and chloride content with the highest values for heterosis for the studied characteristics.
Study of Reproduction Biology of Lionfish Pterois Miles (Scorpaenidae) in Syrian Marine Waters
Authors: Fandi Aola , Hammoud Vienna , Zeini Adib , Arraj Tareq
Published: May 2023

The reproduction of Pterois miles, which is of the Lessepsian species that invaded the eastern coasts of the Mediterranean Sea, was studied. It established abundant populations along the Syrian coast and began to compete with the native species in respect of their diets and, habitats as well as prey on them. The study included the analysis data of 259 samples caught in the Syrian marine waters (2019–2020), and the results show that this species has two reproduction periods: a long period during summer and a short one during fall. The GSI% value, which represents the percentage of gonad weight relative to eviscerated body weight, for females during summer was 4.09±3.68% and 3.28±1.94% during fall, while the GSI% value for males was 2.04±1.30% during summer and 1.14±1.33% in fall. Also, the HSI% value, which represents the percentage of liver weight relative to the weight of the eviscerated body, was high during the reproduction period in both males and females. The individuals of this species are characterized by high fertility, and the females, number of eggs was 115332–313575. The females, length was 24–32 cm and their visceral weight was 166.67–311.81g. The diameters of the eggs were 39.84–43.47 microns. Therefore P.miles constitutes a serious threat to the native marine environment and its wealth of fish.
What is Matter More Degree or Skills
Authors: Alharbi Sarah Essa , Radwan Nagat
Published: May 2023

This paper aims to present the importance of degree and skills to determine which is the most important. We used a systematically review method. We tried to search findings about these topics and examine them. We also used a questionnaire and interviews methods.
Senior Secondary School Students’ Attitude Toward Chemistry in Katsina Metropolis, Nigeria: Effect of Concept Mapping Instructional Technique
Authors: Francis Torpev Terver , Baba Salaudeen Jaleel , Enock Gana
Published: May 2023

The study looked at Students' Attitudes toward Chemistry in Katsina Metropolis, Nigeria and their reaction to Concept Mapping Instructional Approach. Idea mapping was used to compare the mean attitude scores of male and female students who were taught the periodic table concept in Chemistry. The average attitude ratings of students who were taught the concept using concept mapping and those who were taught the identical concept using the lecture method following the treatment were compared in the study. From eleven Katsina public senior secondary schools, 11,094 Senior Secondary School II (SSII) Chemistry students comprised of the population. Two schools and 128 SS2 Chemistry students formed the study sample. Two research questions with corresponding hypotheses were raised and developed respectively to guide the investigation. Two classes were chosen at random and given the roles of experimental and control groups in the study. The preliminary and final tests controls were non-equivalent. The researcher employed the Concept Mapping Attitude Scale towards Chemistry (CMASTC) as the instrument for gathering data. The questions were answered using average and variation, and the assumptions were tested using t-test statistics. Results showed among other things, that there was no statistically significant difference in the mean attitude scores of boys and girls who were taught the periodic table concept using concept mapping compared to others exposed to same concept employing lectures. The study suggested, concept mapping has been shown to encourage a promising future for learners; teachers might employ it in classroom.
Teacher Leadership Roles and Leadership Capacity Development in Bayelsa State Nigeria
Authors: Kemebaradikumo Ndiomu , Ubodiom Epem
Published: May 2023

The study investigated the influence of teachers’ leadership roles on leadership capacity development in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. To guide the study, five objectives were stated, five research questions were posed, and five hypotheses were developed. The study was anchored on traits theory of leadership. A descriptive design was used to carry out the study. The population of the study consisted of 2,893 teachers in 147 public secondary schools from the 12 educational zones in the 8 local government areas in the state, with a sample size of 338 teachers. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the respondents. Teachers’ Leadership Roles and Leadership Capacity Development Questionnaire was used for data collection. The instrument was validated and tested for reliability, with a reliability index of 0.816 derived through Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation. Out of the total copies of 338 questionnaires distributed, 326 copies of the questionnaire retrieved were used for further analysis to achieve the specific objectives of the study. Mean and standard deviation was used to answer the research questions, while the null hypotheses were tested using independent t-test at the 0.05 significance level. The findings of the study revealed, among other things, that there is no significant gender difference in the perception teachers have about their leadership role in secondary schools in Bayelsa State, and there is no significant gender difference in the extent to which teachers' instructional leadership roles influence their leadership capacity development in Bayelsa State. The study concluded that teachers' leadership roles are crucial in promoting school effectiveness and student achievement, and that it is important for schools to provide opportunities for teachers to develop their instructional leadership capacity, mentorship capacity, and leadership capacity building through professional development programmes and other supportive measures. The study, therefore, recommended, among others, that administrators of secondary schools in Bayelsa State should provide adequate training and support for teachers to enhance their leadership skills and effectively carry out their roles and responsibilities in the classroom and school community
Content Validity Index of Basic Education Certificate Examination (BECE) Test Items in Basic Science and Technology (BST)
Authors: Chikezie Ijeoma Joy , Eme Joseph U.
Published: May 2023

This study quantitatively provided evidence of content validity of BECE items in BST by estimating content validity index (CVI). Descriptive survey research designs were employed. Purposive and accidental sampling techniques were adopted in selecting 31 BST teachers in Abia State junior secondary schools. Three research questions were addressed. The instrument for data collection was 2021 BECE items in BST comprising four subtests with 30 items each. Item level CVIs, test level CVI and modified kappa statistic were computed. Findings revealed that 95% of the items of BST reported I-CVIs ranging from 0.70 – 1.00 and were accepted as having adequate content validity whereas the remaining 5% of the items, four from PHE and one from Computer Studies had low I-CVIs. The T-CVI yielded a high index of 0.95. Finally, kappa statistic adjusting for chance agreement indicated 0.763 – 1.00 for 95% of the BST items which proved excellent agreement among the experts.
Research Report Writing Skill, Communication Skill and Lecturers’ Job Effectiveness in Universities in Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Otu Bernard. D. , Ngwanya Nadege , Ita Caroline Iserom
Published: May 2023

This study sought to examine research report writing skill, communication skill and lecturers’ Job effectiveness in University of Calabar of Cross River State, Nigeria. Literature review was carried out according. The survey research design was used for the study. Two null hypotheses formulated to direct the investigation. The population of the study was 1856, from the University of Calabar (UNICAL). The instrument for data collection was constructed by the researchers using a four likert scale questionnaire titled; Research Report Writing Skill, Communication Skill and Lecturers’ Job Effectiveness Questionnaire (RRWSCSLJEQ). The face and content validity was checked by experts in Measurement and Evaluation who vetted the items developed. The reliability of the instrument was carried out using the Cronbach Alpha method and the co-efficient ranged from .70 to .82. The stratified sample technique was used to sample 420 lecturers, for the study. Statistical tool employed for data analysis was the simple linear regression at 0.05 level of significance, with 341 degree of freedom. The result of the analysis revealed that research report writing skill, communication skill significantly relates with lecturers’ Job effectiveness. It was recommended that Government should established computer skills acquisition centres in universities to increase computer literacy and that trained and qualified ICT personnel should be employed as instructors for better skills acquisition.
Overexpression miR-642 Inhibits Cell Migration and Proliferation by Regulation of KRT19 and Clinical Prognosis Value in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Mi Lan , Wu Yu , Wei Xing , He Xiaohua , Wang Xuanping , Li Shaoheng , Mu Yongping
Published: May 2023

Objective: To investigate the expression of miR-642 in gastric cancer and its mechanism in the proliferation and migration. Methods: qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-642 in gastric cancer. Dual luciferase gene reporting system was used to verify the direct regulatory effect of miR-642 on KRT19 3' UTR. The mRNA and protein levels of KRT19 gene after transfection were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The proliferation of miR-642 was detected by IncucyteS long term dynamic cell observation. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the relationship between miR-642 expression level and prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. Results: The expression of miR-642 in gastric cancer tissues was lower than that in paracancer tissues. The fluorescence intensity of MGC803 cells was significantly decreased after co-transfection of miR-642 mimics and wild-type KRT19-3 'UTR recombinant vector. The expression levels of KRT19 mRNA and protein were significantly decreased after transfected with miR-642 mimics and KRT19 siRNA. Western blot analysis of PTEN, Akt and mTOR proteins showed different expression. Prognostic survival analysis showed that gastric cancer patients with low expression of miR-642 had shorter survival. Conclusion: miR-642 expression can negatively regulate the target gene KRT19.
Bioinformatic Analysis of the Association Between Myocardial Disease and Diesel Particulate Matter
Authors: Jin Nho Kyoung
Published: May 2023

The etiological connection between Diesel Particulate Matter (DPM) and heart failure is unclear, despite the fact that multiple experimental studies have found a strong correlation between DPM and heart failure. We investigated the correlation between DPM and myocardial infarction using biological big data. Distinct gene expression profiles related to DPM and myocardial infarction were obtained from open-access genome databases, and a network analysis software was used to investigate their interaction. We investigated the detrimental effects of DPM on cardiac cells to understand the association between them. The putative signaling networks of 33 genes with differential expression were identified and studied. In addition to increasing the prediction accuracy, our study used experimental validation and literature-based analysis to enhance the knowledge of the mechanisms underlying DPM-related cardiac disease.
A Normally Carried to Term Pregnancy with a Intrauterine Device (IUD) in Place: Not a Mission Impossible
Authors: M Marinaccio , A Vitagliano , A Vimercati , M Dellino , A Sanasi , I Cara , A Giannoccaro , M Mastronardi , C Clark
Published: May 2023

Intracavitary pregnancy with a correctly inserted IUD is a very rare event and can lead to a wide range of complications, mainly in the form of chorioamnionitis and preterm delivery. We present the case of a 39-year old woman who was diagnosed with pregnancy despite the use of an intra-uterine device. After a thorough discussion with her gynecologist over the risks, the patient finally decided to bring the pregnancy to term without removing the device. The pregnancy proceeded without any major complication and the patient finally gave birth to a healthy child. Soon after, another US of the uterine cavity was carried out which showed the device still in position.
A New Cohesive High-Concentrated Hyaluronic Acid Gel Filler: Correlation between Rheologic Properties and Clinical Indications
Authors: C Issa Maria , Fogaca Andreia , Palermo Eliandre , Fontes Marina , Barud Hernane S , Dametto Alessandra C
Published: May 2023

Background: Differences among the Available Hyaluronic (HA) gels are relevant to clinical practice as the HA physicochemical characteristics guide cosmetic indications. Besides, the literature still needs more information about the correlation between the HA gel’s behavior through their rheologic parameters and clinical indications. Objectives: We aim to evaluate the rheological properties of three gels with high concentrations of HA, e.p.t.q. S100®, S300®, and S500® (Jetema®) and extrapolate the results to their behavior after applied to the skin. Methods: To correlate the physicochemical properties of e.p.t.q. gels to their possible clinical indications, three presentations of these gels were evaluated. The storage modulus (G’), loss modulus (G”), tan δ, complex modulus, viscosity, and cohesiveness were measured by rheology. Results: The gels were non-Newtonian fluid with pseudoplastic behavior. All of them presented as elastic liquids (G’>G”). The S500 gel showed the highest G’ and complex modulus. S100 gel showed the highest tan δ and cohesiveness. S300 gel showed intermediary properties with tan δ and viscosity similar to the S500. Discussion: Due to the high G’ and low tan δ, S500 gel is indicated for facial structuring and lifting. On the opposite, low G’ and high tan δ of S100 gel signal for refinement. The intermediate values of the S300 point it to lift or refinement. Conclusions: According to the rheological results, we can assume that each gel has a specific indication, and the combination of S500, S300, and S100 enables a global facial treatment.
Differences of Relationships between Iodine and Trace Elements in Normal Thyroid and Thyroid Benign Nodules Revealed by X-Ray Fluorescent Analysis
Authors: Zaichick Vladimir
Published: May 2023

Thyroid Benign Nodules (TBN) are the most common lesions of this endocrine gland. The etiology of TBN is not clear. The aim of this exploratory study was to examine differences in the content of bromine (Br), cooper (Cu), iron (Fe), iodine (I), rubidium (Rb), strontium (Sr), and zinc (Zn), as well as I/Br, I/Cu, I/Fe, I/Rb, I/Sr, and I/Zn content ratios in tissues of normal thyroid and TBN. Thyroid tissue levels of seven Trace Elements (TEs) were prospectively evaluated in 105 apparently healthy persons and in 79 patients with TBN. Measurements were performed using 109Cd and 241Am radionuclide-induced energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescent analysis. Tissue samples were divided into two portions. One was used for morphological study while the other was intended for TEs analysis. It was observed that in TBN the mass fraction of Br, Cu, and Fe were higher, whereas mass fractions of I as well as I/Br, I/Cu, I/Fe, and I/Zn mass fraction ratios were lower than in normal tissues of the thyroid. These changes can potentially be used as TBN markers. Furthermore, it was found that the levels of Br, Cu, Fe, Rb, Sr, and Zn contents in the normal and affected thyroid gland were interconnected and depend on the content of I in thyroid tissue. Because I plays a decisive role in the function of the thyroid gland, the data obtained allow us to conclude that, along with I, at least such TEs as Br, Cu, Fe, Rb, and Zn, if not directly, then indirectly, are involved in the process of thyroid hormone synthesis.
Nerium oleander Lin: A Review of Chemical, Pharmacological and Traditional uses
Authors: Ayouaz Siham , Arab Radia , Mouhoubi Khokha , Madani Khodir
Published: May 2023

Nerium oleander Lin, which is the only species listed in the genus Nerium and a member of the Apocynaceae family, was frequently employed in traditional medicine to address various pathologies. N. oleander has demonstrated its efficacy in various disease models at a time when pharmaceutical firms are focusing more on plant-based traditional medicines to prevent side-effects and resistance against synthetic drugs. Neriin, oleandrin, cardenolides, gentiobiosyl, and odoroside are just a few of the cardiac glycosides that are present in this plant and are toxic in all sections. Additionally, this plant species creates secondary metabolites with pharmacological value, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and steroids.
Environmental Pollution: Considerations from the Onto and Phylopathogenic Models
Authors: VI Goudochnikov
Published: May 2023

This short communication describes possible implications of environmental pollution for the onto- and phylopatogenic models that describe etiopathogenic processes along the whole ontogeny and in transgenerational mode respectively.
Environmental Protection and Superior Recovery of Vegetal Waste and Biomass, Major objectives in the Applied Research Activity
Authors: Staicu Vasile , Justinian Andrei Tomescu , Ioan Calinescu
Published: May 2023

Vegetable biomass consumes a small part of the solar energy, about 1%, but enough to cover the energy needs of mankind and maintain the life of the entire planet [1]. Vegetable biomass is generators of minerals, chemical compounds, materials and fibres for industry and animal husbandry feed. The enormous interest in the superior recovery of biomass and vegetable waste has led to the additional research within the Research and Development Department at Hofigal SA, which I am a member of, in 2022 for: Making soils and substrates, from vegetable waste, for the growth of fungi. Industrial reuse of waste from industrial production activity. Obtain liquid, natural fertilizers and solid compost (humus) by recovering vegetable waste resulting from industrial activity and vegetable biomass resulting from crop maintenance. Create new sources of raw materials by acclimatizing new plants. Create new aqueous and hydroalcoholic plant extracts from spontaneous flora to protect agricultural crops against pests without using synthetic chemicals and other research activities. The major objective of this research is to reduce the amount of waste and plant biomass resulting at Hofigal, as well as to create new resources of plant raw materials, leading to new products and food supplements for health care. For this purpose, we aimed to reduce the amount of vegetable waste, from industrial activity, from 30 tons to one ton/year. We also aimed to obtain 5 tons of plant protection solutions and 20 tons of liquid organic fertilizer from the aerobic fermentation of compost on concrete platforms. This liquid fertilizer will be used for fertilizing the plants with the irrigation/watering of the plants, because it is applied diluted. We managed to acclimatize, in industrial cultures, in a 1-year cycle of culture, five new plants, three from the local spontaneous flora (wormwood, black wormwood and orpine-Sedum telephium) and two from the specific flora of China and Japan (lophantus and perilla). The achievements of the Hofigal Research and Development Department were validated by the Hofigal Scientific Council and proposed in the production plan for the year 2023-2024.
Hepatoprotective Effect of Eulophia gracilis on Benzene-Induced Liver Toxicity in Wistar Rats
Authors: Ola Olaniyi Solomon , Odunola Oyeronke Adunni
Published: May 2023

Benzene (BZ) is an organic solvent that can induce pathological disorders such as haematological disburbance and liver damage. Eulophia gracilis (EG) plant is a medicinal orchid explored traditionally to treat myriads of ailments including anemia and liver disease. The present study investigated the protective effect of Eulophia gracilis extract against Benzene-induced hepatotoxicity in haematologically disturbed rats. Male Wistar rats (110-120 g) were randomized into four groups (n = 6 / group): I (control), II BZ-treated: 175 mg/kgbw benzene every alternate days for two weeks; III Co-treated with 175 mg/kgbw benzene and E. gracilis 200 mg/kgbw each day for two weeks and IV administered 200 mg/kg of E. gracilis for two weeks. BZ caused a significant reduction in PCV, Hb, RBC and altered white blood cell count. Similarly, activities of hepatic biomarker enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and γ-glutamyl transferase were significantly increased in the BZ-treated group relative to control. Furthermore, BZ caused a significant decrease in the activities of hepatic arylesterase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione-S-transferase and levels of Ascorbic Acid (AA) and Glutathione (GSH). A significant increase in hepatic malondialdehyde content, altered liver ultrastructure and modulation of p53 and BCl-2 protein in the liver also accompanied benzene intoxication. However, coadministration of E. gracilis ameliorated the BZ-induced changes in haematological parameter and liver biomarkers and improved hepatic antioxidant biomarkers and ultrastructure. Overall, the results suggest that Eulophia gracilis protected against BZ-induced hepatic oxidative damage and haematological disturbance in rats.
The Impact of Arabic Diglossia on L2 Learners Studying in Iraq: the Difficulties Encountered and the Appropriate Arabic Approach to Teach
Authors: Al Jumaily Samir
Published: May 2023

The main purpose of this research paper is to explore and assess the challenges and difficulties facing L2 learners of Arabic due to the diglossic situation in the Arab world and whether to learn both codes, standard and dialectal or one of them. The study also tries to understand the nature of the awareness and motivation of L2 learners about the Arabic diglossic situation in Iraq. Therefore, the procedure followed to achieve this assignment highly based on, and thoroughly examined, enormous references, verified and analyzed some statistical procedures previously used by other scholars related to diglossia along with the debate sessions held with some native teachers of Arabic as a Foreign language who have taught and still teaching this language to non-native speakers. The originality of the study lies in the invaluable information gained, through the discussion sessions as well as interviews held with these well-experienced teachers and students which definitely added a significant depth to the findings of this study. Further, the study has presented and discussed the perspectives of some scholars, who are prominent in the field of sociolinguistics, as well. This really reflects the practical objective implications of the study teachers. Eventually, the findings reveal that teaching/learning Arabic as a foreign language is not an easy task due to the diglossic situation in the Arab World.
Land Use or Land Cover Change and its Driving Forces in Mago National Park, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Wola Aklilu Wodebo
Published: May 2023

Land use/land cover change analysis is one of the most particular techniques to understand how land was used in the past, what types of changes are to be expected in the future, as well as the forces and processes behind the changes. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the land use land cover changes and its driving forces in Mago National Park, southern Ethiopia. Satellite image of Landsat5 TM (1988, 1998 and 2008) and Landsat8 OLI/TIRS (2018) years were employed. In addition, social survey was conducted to study the drivers of land use/land cover changes. QGIS 3.2 and SPSS software’s were used for satellite image processing, accuracy assessment, map preparation and descriptively analyze the driving forces of LULCC respectively. Supervised classification with maximum likelihood algorithm was conducted for satellite image analysis and generation of information using Quantum GIS 3.2. In the first period (1988-1998), woodland, riverine forest, water body and bare land decreased by 6.76%, 37.98%, 22.37% and 70.14% respectively, while grass land, and degraded land increased by 16.11% and 85.67% respectively. In the second period, (1998 2008), woodland, riverine forest and degraded land were decreased by 5.44%, 4.61% and 80.74% respectively, while grass land, water body and bare land is increased by 14.74%, 3.76% and 52.58% respectively. From 2008-2018 riverine forest, grassland, water body and bare land decreased by 1.33%, 15.16% and 4.82% and 25.02% respectively, while woodland increased by 11.84%, and degraded land increased by 85.49% respectively. Riverine forest, water body, grass land and bare land showed decrement and that of woodland, degraded land indicated increment during study period. From 1988-2018, woodland, riverine forest, water body and bare land indicated decrement and the remaining grass land and bare land cover types indicated increment during study period. The result of social survey indicated that expansion of agriculture, human induced fire, overgrazing and hunting are proximate driving forces of the change in Mago National Park. Population pressure, poverty, decreased farmlands productivity, education, weak law enforcement and cultural factors are the major underlying causes of the observed changes. Therefore, proper land use planning, legal support, and strong law enforcement are the key recommendations to sustain natural resources of the study area.
The Effectiveness of Biomedical Wastes Handling and Disposal in Accra: The Case of the Korle-Bu Teaching and the La General Hospitals
Authors: Nyametso* Johnie Kodjo , Ella Enchantee Ndoto Sidibo
Published: May 2023

Improper handling and disposal of biomedical wastes have the potential of causing environmental and public health problems. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of biomedical wastes management by health care providers in Accra. The focus was on the Korle-Bu Teaching and the La General Hospitals. The research used the simple random sampling technique to select eighty healthcare personnel for the investigation. The study results indicated that the respondents were highly knowledgeable about the importance of disinfecting biomedical wastes before disposal and aware of the possibility of such wastes transmitting diseases if not properly managed. In addition, the research revealed that the hospitals have the necessary facilities and follow the requisite processes for disposal of biomedical wastes. This has resulted in very effective disposal of hospital wastes. The research conclusion is that the effectiveness of management and disposal of biomedical wastes in the two facilities is because of the extensive knowledge of the respondents about the issue, availability of the required equipment and the implementation of well-designed strategies for disposing of biomedical wastes. The study recommends that more logistical/financial support should be available to health facilities for effective management of biomedical wastes throughout the country [1,2].
An Overview on Lutra lutra
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Parsa , Ramzanipour Mohammad Mahdi , Forouhar Vajargah* Mohammad
Published: May 2023

European Otter (Lutra lutra), is an aquatic and semi-aquatic animal from the carnivores and sub-family from Lutrinae of the Mustelidea family that lives alongside rivers and wetlands. Lutra lutra is an indicator species, and its loss somehow threatens human life, because one species is the head of the food chain and its loss is a sign of environmental degradation of other species. It has good distribution in Iran and the world, including Eurasia and North Africa. Lutra lutra has appearance characteristics such as a large body, cylindrical shape, a wide snout with long and thick mustaches, small ears and eyes, the tail is long and tubular, which at the base becomes wide and thick, the hands and feet are short and there is a curtain among the fingers, the hair is soft and dense, brown to brownish, under the chin and white throat. In recent years, widespread deaths have occurred in several aquatic mammal populations, which has reduced the population of Lutra lutra compared to the past. Due to various reasons such as loss of prey, indiscriminate hunting, contamination caused by agricultural pesticides, especially chlorine toxins, industrial pollution, and floods, its population is rapidly declining and has been totally destroyed in some areas.
PLGA Nanoparticles with Cannabidiol for Efficient and Durable Antibacterial Applications
Authors: Cheng Ming , Ma Qiang , Tang Lu , Wang Bo , Liu Liya , Fan Bei , Zhang* Liang , Wang* Fengzhong
Published: May 2023

The Cannabidiol (CBD) are extensively used owing to their potent antibacterial effects. We developed CBD-loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles using an emulsion process technology, resulting informing the PLGA@CBD nanoparticles. The emulsion parameters were optimized using three-dimensional surface plots. When scaled up under optimal conditions, the corresponding loading content efficiency were 16.51%. Compared with natural cannabidiol, the physically modified PLGA nanoparticles became smooth, round, and solid, improving their water solubility and bioavailability, realizing long-time antibacterial. Therefore, the nanoparticles showed better efficacy against Gram-positive bacteria. Our results confirm that the PLGA@CBD nanoparticles have been achieved as long-acting antibacterial delivery system, which improved the treatment efficiency.
The Brazilian Increase in Cases of Lung Cancer and COVID-19, Can They be related?
Authors: de Souza Chaves Lorrane , Magalhaes Mesquita Velez Afonso Santine , Freire-de-Lima* Leonardo , Freire de Lima Marco Edilson
Published: May 2023

Last year in Brazil, lung cancer was the third most common tumor in men and the fourth in women, without counting non-melanoma skin cancer. It is the first in the world in incidence among men and the third among women. When we talk about mortality, it is the first among the male audience and the second among the female audience. But what are its main causes? Did COVID-19 contribute to the increase in cases of this neoplasm?
An Investigation of Light Spectrum and Intensity on Depression among Older Adults
Authors: Boubekri Mohamed , Sharp Nina
Published: May 2023

The impact of lighting in buildings on managing behavioural and psychological symptoms, particularly in older adults, is significant as it affects visual and circadian systems. With age-related changes in eyes and circadian system, specialized lighting design is crucial to promote mood and overall well-being in older people. This study aimed to assess the effects of two types of ambient lighting interventions on depression in older adults. Both interventions involved creating a direct/indirect ambient illumination with high illuminance level (500 lux) in the morning (8:00-12:00), followed by gradual dimming throughout the day until reaching 100 lux in the evening (after 20:00). Depression levels were measured before, during, and after the lighting interventions using the Geriatric Depression Scale. The results showed a significant decrease in depression after exposure to both lighting conditions, with greater reduction observed in the L2 intervention. These findings highlight the positive effects of incorporating varying illumination and spectrum in the ambient lighting quality of residential buildings. Considering that older adults spend most of their time indoors, designing ambient lighting with varying intensity and tuning spectrum throughout the day could be a promising therapeutic approach to reduce depression, create an environment that promotes mental health, and improve the overall quality of life in older adults.
Biostatistical Analysis on Synergetic Therapy of the Three Plants
Authors: Zhao Bin , Jiang Xia
Published: May 2023

The liver is an important metabolic organ consisting of four different sized lobes in our bodies. The important function of liver includes the elimination of toxic material, detoxication and regulation of the blood, blood clotting, and manufacture of vital hormones. It also plays a crucial role in other activities, such as pathogen protection, synthesis of bile salts, food supply, and blood collecting. There is currently no obvious mechanism that includes direct hepatotoxicity and unfavorable immune response for several study reports on hepatic damage mechanisms. Pharmaceutical bioactivation creates reactive chemical metabolites that interact with lipids, nucleic acid, and proteins in the cell, producing DNA damage, protein malfunction, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress. Many illnesses also affect the liver due to its strategic position. Hepatotoxins, due to the overdose of drugs, xenobiotics, alcohol and industrial toxins, can harm the liver. However, Natural and synthetic chemicals are used to treat liver diseases as hepatoprotective agents. This study was conducted to evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of Geranium wallichianum, Elaeagnus parvifolia and Taraxacum officinale against Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity in experimental rats. Extract of all three plants was induced (200 mg/kg) and combination of all three plants were given in (100 mg/kg). Liver enzymes including Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin as well as liver histopathology were evaluated to see the effect of herbal treatments. Results of this study suggest that all three plants have hepatoprotective effect and highest effect was noted in synergetic therapy.
Association between Dietary Habits, Lifestyle and Migraine Attacks During Social Isolation in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies
Authors: de Oliveira Leite Luana , de Barros Lôbo Izabele Maria , de Sousa Nathalia Herculano , Capistano Priscila Souza , Santos da Silva Hellen Maria , Pinho Lavínia Siqueira , dos Santos Lisiane Pereira , de Carvalho Silva Hellen Vanessa , da Silva Jaqueline Araujo , Oliveira Batista Anoedrize Soares
Published: May 2023

Eating habits and lifestyle were the areas of life most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in patients with migraine, whose triggers for their crises are related to these factors. Thus, the aim of this study was to systematically review the association between eating habits, lifestyle and migraine attacks during social isolation in the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, a systematic review was carried out, developed in accordance with PRISMA and registered in PROSPERO nº CRD42022350308, with observational studies, which evaluated eating habits and lifestyle as exposure variables for the increase or alteration of migraine attacks during the pandemic of COVID-19 in adult patients diagnosed with migraine. Searches were performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, LILACS, and Google Scholar (gray literature) databases, and MESH and DECS database descriptors were used without language limits. 688 publications were identified, of which 11 met the inclusion criteria for data extraction, totaling, in the end, 3,256 respondents. The assessment of the methodological quality of the studies was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The publications included were of low to moderate methodological quality, with a high risk of bias, and most found an association between lifestyle, eating habits and migraine attacks. Sleep disorders were most positively associated with migraine attacks, followed by eating habits. However, in most studies, there was no association between caffeine and migraine during the pandemic. We emphasize the need for more prospective, robust studies with better methodological quality to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the association between eating habits, lifestyle and migraine attacks.
miRNAs as Valuable Diagnostic Biomarkers in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Saeidi Nasim Niki , Dabiri Arezou , Mansouri Reza , Moomivand Alireza , Goudarzvand Mahdi
Published: May 2023

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune condition caused by chronic inflammation of central nervous system and demyelination of neurons. At present, microRNAs (miRNAs) are recognised as a diagnostic and prognostic indicator of the diseases. But they are also a new and innovative goal in gene therapy. Therefore, the aim of this study is to find a simple, non-invasive, and valuable biomarker for early detection and potential treatment of MS. In the present study, 30 serum samples of patients with recurrent MS (recurrecy dettermined with McDonald's criteria) were obtained along with the 30 healthy samples. The qRT-PCR method was performed to evaluate the expression level of miR-155a, miR-146a, miR-34a, miR-143a and miR-373a in both groups. The results revealed that miR-155a and miR-146a were significantly upregulated while miR-34a, miR-143a and miR-373a were significantly downregulated in the patient group in comparison with healthy subjects. These results candidate these microRNAs with altered levels as potential diagnostic and prognostic markers in patients with MS, which may be involved in the therapeutic schedule for MS like microRNA replacement therapy in the near future.
Research Progress on Anti-Tumor Mechanism of Tannins in Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors: Ding Hui , Wang Yuxin , Li Gen , Dong Yingling , Dai Xinyu , Kang Chenglong , Li Kai , Han Haixing , Peng* Xuling , Chen* Xi
Published: May 2023

By reviewing the literature on the efficacy of tannins in traditional Chinese medicine in the last decade or so, we have classified the anti-tumor mechanism of tannins in conjunction with the latest mechanism exploration in the field of oncology. Tannins, a class of multi-phenolic compounds widely present in the diet, have been studied by scholars worldwide in recent years because of their relatively outstanding pharmacological activities. The mechanisms of anti-tumor action of tannins can be summarized as follows: the arrest of the cell cycle, arrest of tumor migration, enhancement of immune competence, induction of apoptosis, and antioxidant effects.
Development of Ratiometric Fluorescence Sensing Molecule for Caspase-14, a Key Enzyme of Epidermis Metabolism
Authors: Suzuki Miho , Taguma Koki , Kalpana Bandaranayake Udari , Ikeda Wataru
Published: May 2023

Skin is the vastest organ harboring principle functions to protect from external stimuli and internal moisture desorption. The loss of functions might bring about diseases and senescence and well maintained metabolisms are recognized as crucial points to prevent those situations. But due to complexities of skin tissues, there would be some difficulties in progress of elucidation for skin metabolisms in detail. Various differentiated tissues layered in order can form dermis and epidermis to exfoliate as scurf in the top layer finally. Caspase-14 categorized in cysteine-aspartic acid protease (Caspase) family that has been identified as key enzymes to promote programmed cell deaths by sequential activations is known to be specifically expressed in the upper tissues and involved in the differentiation, but not verified to have relationship with final exfoliation processes at the time of cell death. We then developed Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) based sensing molecules to monitor Caspase-14 activity quantitatively. We utilized Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) and organic fluorescent dyes because FRET phenomena could be achieved under condition with regulated interactions between at least two fluorescent molecules. The elaborately designed fluorescent complexes could render quantifiable sensing over fluorescent background but be simply introduced into cells via endocytic mechanisms to detect intracellular enzymatic activities alive. In this study, we demonstrated Caspase-14 activation during apoptosis induction in cultured normal epidermal cells that suggested possibilities of Caspase-14 contribution to programmed cell deaths.
Morus Plant Genus: Superb Antidiabetic Activity and Outstanding Source of Nutrients
Authors: Azab Abdullatif
Published: May 2023

The plant genus Morus (Mulberry) has been used by humans for many centuries. All parts of the trees are used, but the fruits have the highest nutritional values. Most of the species of this genus were studied for various medicinal and biological activities, as well as many other properties, including chemical composition. Two species, Morus alba and Morus nigra were very extensively investigated, and research reports about them continue to be published very frequently. The chemistry of this plant genus is fascinating. It includes numerous natural products with unique structures and structure-sub-units, making them excellent candidates as organic synthesis starting materials. Many review articles were published about the Morus genus and some of its species, but this article is the most comprehensive regarding antidiabetic activity and insulin regulation. Active natural products are responsible for these activities will be presented, as well as possible and proposed mechanisms of action. Ethnobotanical and ethnomedicinal information related to the antidiabetic activity will be briefly presented. In addition, a thorough discussion section will lead to conclusions, some future directions, and recommendations for research.
Measurement of Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and Stress Index After Consumption of 4 Cups of Instant Coffee in 1 Day in A 60-Year-Old Man
Authors: Domuschiev* Ivan
Published: May 2023

The Measurement of Heart Rate Variability is the most accurate method for quantitative assessment of both divisions of the autonomic nervous system (sympathetic and parasympathetic) as well as sympatho-vagal balance.
Igbo Community Living: A Critical Option for the Quest for Restructuring Nigeria
Authors: Okoro* Kingsley
Published: May 2023

The clamour for socio-political restructuring of Nigeria has reached its climax, hence scholars of diverse field have engaged themselves in the debate, resulting to barrage of extant literatures. The major concentration of these literatures is the socio-political and economic restructuring, which may lead to regionalization, resource control and/or secession. The current work envisions some hiccups in this model and opt for an alternative restructuring paradigm that will address the fundamental questions of human life, integrity and social justice. In adopting socio-anthropological and historical methods, this work took serious survey of extant literatures in form of archival, internet materials and books on Igbo community living. It therefore, discovers that the socio-political restructuring will not solve the problem of ethnicity, religious politics and bigotry. Hence it concludes that a viable option for Nigeria restructuring is moral, values and mental restructuring/orientations via Igbo community living archetype.
Efektivitas Media Pembelajaran Papan Penjumlahan dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Operasi Penjumlahan pada Anak Berkesulitan Belajar
Authors: Matondang Dinda Laili Sarah , Martias Z
Published: May 2023

The research objective was to improve the addition operation ability through the addition board learning media for children with learning difficulties in grade III SD N 11 Pauh Padang. This research uses a quantitative research approach with experimental method and single subject research (SSR) with A1 - B - A2 design. Design A1 - B - A2. At baseline conditions (A1) the child's ability to fluctuate ranges from 5% to 50%. The condition for intervention (B) ranged from 25% to 75%. At the baseline session (A2) it is already in a stable position, namely 100%. The results showed that the effect of the intervention using addition board media was effective in increasing the addition’s operation ability children’s with learning difficulties (X) class III at SD N 11 Pauh Padang.
Efektivitas Keterampilan Vokasional Membuat Minuman Bandrek melalui Teknik Modeling bagi Anak Tunarungu Kelas X di SLB Negeri 1 Linggo Sari Baganti
Authors: Hendriani Dini , Fatmawati
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this study was to prove that modeling techniques were effective in improving vocational skills in making bandrek drinks in class X deaf children at SLB Negeri 1 Lingo Sari Baganti. This type of research used is an experimental method in the form of pre-experimental with the type of one-group pretest-posttest design. then given treatment using modeling techniques and continued by giving a posttest processed and compared using the Wilcoxon Rank Test test. From the results of statistical test studies that have been analyzed using the SPSS 23 research program, the data obtained on average during the pretest was 54.40 while for the posttest there was an increase to 83.80. The data were processed more scientifically using the Wilcoxon test and obtained a rank test score between the pretest and posttest of 2.023 with Asymp. Sig (2-tailed) 0.043. Predetermined probability α = 0.05. The alternative hypothesis is accepted because the probability <of the probability that has been determined is 0.039 <0.05.
Efektivitas Metode Demonstrasi dalam Keterampilan Vokasional Membuat Souvenir Boneka dari Kaus Kaki bagi Anak Tunagrahita Ringan
Authors: Amelia Heldani , Armaini
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh permasalahan yang ditemukan dalam pembelajaran keterampilan vokasional. Saat pembelajaran keterampilan vokasional, guru belum menggunakan metode pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan prinsip pembelajaran untuk anak tunagrahita. Penelitian ini terdiri dari tiga tahap yaitu: tahap pertama berupa tes kemampuan awal (pretest) untuk mengetahui jumlah skor awal yang diperoleh siswa sebelum diberikan perlakuan, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan tahap kedua berupa perlakuan dalam pembelajaran berupa metode pembelajaran demonstrasi. Tahap ketiga berupa tes kemampuan akhir (posttest) untuk meninjau pengaruh dari treatment yang telah diberikan. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa metode demonstrasi efektif digunakan dalam pembelajaran keterampilan vokasional membuat cinderamata untuk anak tunagrahita ringan kelas X di SLB Asuhan Anak Nasional Payakumbuh.
Meningkatkan Keterampilan Vokasional Membuat Bunga Mawar dari Sabun melalui Pendekatan Keterampilan Proses bagi Anak Tunagrahita Ringan
Authors: Yasmin Nadia Syadza , Iswari Mega
Published: May 2023

This study aims to analyze the method of mastering skills in one of the special schools (SLB) in Padang City, Indonesia. This study used a quantitative research method with a Single Subject Research (SRR) approach. All the data that the writer got were analyzed descriptively using graphical visual analysis tools. The results of this study prove that the use of the process skills approach can improve the skills possessed by children in learning, but it is necessary to develop further research on this issue in different contexts and issues.