bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A sophisticated approach to soil productivity detection using a convolutional neural network-based model
Authors:   Department of Computer Applications, Vivekananda Mahavidyalaya, Haripal, Hooghly, West Bengal, India, Banerjee Saikat , Mandol Abhoy Chand ,   Department of Computer Science, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, West Bengal, India
Published: October 2024

India is primarily an agricultural country where the quality of land is crucial for the livelihoods and well-being of its people. The agricultural sector plays a significant role in shaping the current state of the nation's economy. Therefore, it is essential to regularly evaluate our understanding of soil properties, such as its type, texture, color, and moisture content. Many developing countries lack sufficient knowledge and awareness about soil development. Understanding soil behavior helps farmers predict crop performance, monitor nutrient movement, and recognize soil limitations. Traditional methods for classifying soil in laboratories require significant time, staff, and financial resources. In this study, various image features, such as color, particle size, and texture, were randomly extracted and combined to predict soil fertility based on its sand, clay, and silt content using the AlexNet-CNN algorithm. We collected soil images using mobile cameras from regions such as Purulia, Hooghly, Bankura, and Burdwan to build a useful soil image dataset. The research focuses on categorizing productive and unproductive soil using convolutional neural network architectures, such as AlexNet and VGG16. Compared to previous studies, our proposed model showed better performance in terms of precision and recall. This study presents an efficient new convolutional neural network architecture for classifying soil images.
Evaluating AI Competence in Specialized Medicine: Comparative Analysis of ChatGPT and Neurologists in a Neurology Specialist Examination in Spain
Authors: Ros-Arlanzón Pablo , Perez-Sempere Angel
Published: October 2024

Background

With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) in various fields, evaluating its application in specialized medical contexts becomes crucial. ChatGPT, a large language model developed by OpenAI, has shown potential in diverse applications, including medicine.

Objective

This study aims to compare the performance of ChatGPT with that of attending neurologists in a real neurology specialist examination conducted in the Valencian Community, Spain, assessing the AI’s capabilities and limitations in medical knowledge.

Methods

We conducted a comparative analysis using the 2022 neurology specialist examination results from 120 neurologists and responses generated by ChatGPT versions 3.5 and 4. The examination consisted of 80 multiple-choice questions, with a focus on clinical neurology and health legislation. Questions were classified according to Bloom’s Taxonomy. Statistical analysis of performance, including the κ coefficient for response consistency, was performed.

Results

Human participants exhibited a median score of 5.91 (IQR: 4.93-6.76), with 32 neurologists failing to pass. ChatGPT-3.5 ranked 116th out of 122, answering 54.5% of questions correctly (score 3.94). ChatGPT-4 showed marked improvement, ranking 17th with 81.8% of correct answers (score 7.57), surpassing several human specialists. No significant variations were observed in the performance on lower-order questions versus higher-order questions. Additionally, ChatGPT-4 demonstrated increased interrater reliability, as reflected by a higher κ coefficient of 0.73, compared to ChatGPT-3.5’s coefficient of 0.69.

Conclusions

This study underscores the evolving capabilities of AI in medical knowledge assessment, particularly in specialized fields. ChatGPT-4’s performance, outperforming the median score of human participants in a rigorous neurology examination, represents a significant milestone in AI development, suggesting its potential as an effective tool in specialized medical education and assessment.
Association Between Ursodeoxycholic Acid and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19 Infection: Population-Based Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Lee Hyunjun , Kim Min Gul , Yeom Sang Woo , Noh Sang Jae , Jeong Cho Yun , Kim Min Ji , Kang Min Gu , Ko Ji Hoon , Park Su Cheol , Kweon Hyeok Tae , Sim Sang Il , Lee Hyun , You Yeon Seok , Kim Jong Seung
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Several studies have investigated the relationship between ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and COVID-19 infection. However, complex and conflicting results have generated confusion in the application of these results.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to investigate whether the association between UDCA and COVID-19 infection can also be demonstrated through the analysis of a large-scale cohort.

METHODS

This retrospective study used local and nationwide cohorts, namely, the Jeonbuk National University Hospital into the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership common data model cohort (JBUH CDM) and the Korean National Health Insurance Service claim–based database (NHIS). We investigated UDCA intake and its relationship with COVID-19 susceptibility and severity using validated propensity score matching.

RESULTS

Regarding COVID-19 susceptibility, the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) value of the UDCA intake was significantly lowered to 0.71 in the case of the JBUH CDM (95% CI 0.52-0.98) and was significantly lowered to 0.93 (95% CI 0.90-0.96) in the case of the NHIS. Regarding COVID-19 severity, the UDCA intake was found to be significantly lowered to 0.21 (95% CI 0.09-0.46) in the case of JBUH CDM. Furthermore, the aHR value was significantly lowered to 0.77 in the case of NHIS (95% CI 0.62-0.95).

CONCLUSIONS

Using a large-scale local and nationwide cohort, we confirmed that UDCA intake was significantly associated with reductions in COVID-19 susceptibility and severity. These trends remained consistent regardless of the UDCA dosage. This suggests the potential of UDCA as a preventive and therapeutic agent for COVID-19 infection.
Addressing Digital Disparities in Alzheimer’s Disease: Improving Access to Alzheimer’s Resources for Spanish-speaking Latino/as in Los Angeles County (Preprint)
Authors: Ovalle- Eliseo Stephanie , Mohammed Aisha , Islas-Huerta Gabriela , Vossel Keith , Monserratt Lorena , Díaz-Santos Mirella
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted traditional healthcare delivery models, exacerbating disparities between those with and without ready access to digital technology. This digital divide poses a structural barrier to accessing equitable healthy aging resources and dementia care. Latinos and Hispanics, constituting nearly half of Los Angeles County's population and facing a projected tripling of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (AD) prevalence by 2040, are particularly impacted.

OBJECTIVE

This paper aims to examine the barriers and facilitators affecting access to digital health education and resources for AD prevention and care management in during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study focuses on the digital barriers possibly hindering Spanish-speaking Latinos and Hispanics in Los Angeles County from utilizing online services offering critical AD prevention and care resources amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS

We developed a conceptual model based on users’ digital access/web literacy and language as barriers and facilitators impacting access to digital brain health and AD resources. Between January and February 2022, we identified 15 websites of local organizations providing digital AD preventative services and resources in Los Angeles County during the pandemic. We applied our digital divide model to qualitatively evaluate the 15 websites.

RESULTS

Out of the 15 websites, 5 featured web navigation accessibility tools, 4 provided content available in Spanish, and 2 included resources for family dialogue about AD care and management. One website showed cultural and linguistic responsiveness in their content. We uncovered other unforeseen structural barriers to digital access, including email subscription requirements, English-language centered online forms, and the unavailability of Spanish-speaking staff.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study highlights structural barriers hindering access to digital AD health resources and services tailored to the needs and values of Latinos and Hispanic communities living in Los Angeles County. The findings emphasize the need to bridge the digital gap by incorporating user-friendly features and culturally and linguistically responsive elements in website design, and implementation. This approach will move our field towards equitable access to digital brain health services by mitigating structural barriers that sustain AD disparities in Latino and Hispanic communities.
The Influence of Maternal Parenting Patterns During Pregnancy and Child-Rearing on The Incidence of Stunting in West Aceh Regency: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Luthfi Fakhrurradhi , Aritonang Evawany Yunita , Sudaryati Etti , Zuska Fikarwin
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Stunting is a condition of growth failure in toddlers due to chronic malnutrition, especially during the first 1,000 days of life. Stunting affects growth and brain development. The causes of stunting are diverse, including inadequate caregiving practices. Maternal parenting patterns during pregnancy and child-rearing play a crucial role in preventing stunting

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to analyze the impact of maternal parenting patterns during pregnancy and child-rearing on the incidence of stunting in West Aceh Regency

METHODS

This research is an analytical survey using a cross-sectional study design. The study was conducted in West Aceh Regency from September 2023 to March 2024. The study population consists of all mothers with toddlers aged 0-24 months, totaling 3,785 mothers. Using the Isaac and Michael table for sampling, a sample size of 320 mothers was selected. The sampling technique utilized was multistage random sampling. Data analysis included univariate analysis as the first step and multivariate analysis using logistic regression with a significance level of 95% (α = 0.05) as the second step

RESULTS

The research findings indicate that maternal parenting patterns affecting the incidence of stunting include maternal food intake during pregnancy (p=0.001; ExpB=43.601), environmental health of pregnant mothers (p=0.001; ExpB=41.250), healthcare services for pregnant mothers (p=0.001; ExpB=41.250), maternal knowledge (p=0.001; ExpB=29.561), maternal attitudes (p=0.001; ExpB=60.539), and maternal actions (p=0.001; ExpB=69.996). The parenting patterns for children aged 0-24 months affecting the incidence of stunting in West Aceh Regency include toddler food intake (p=0.001; ExpB=45.584), toddler nutritional culture (p=0.001; ExpB=49.630), healthcare services for toddlers (p=0.001; ExpB=61.174), environmental sanitation for toddlers (p=0.001; ExpB=9.330), toddler nutritional attitudes (p=0.001; ExpB=47.259), and exclusive breastfeeding (p=0.001; ExpB=160.650).

CONCLUSIONS

Recommendations for parents include being more attentive to pregnancy and the caregiving of children aged 0-24 months. Health services, such as the Health Office and community health centers, should implement health programs emphasizing the importance of proper parenting for pregnant mothers, as well as forming community groups focused on children's health. The West Aceh Regency government is encouraged to conduct regular monitoring of children's nutritional status and develop appropriate intervention programs related to child nutrition status.

CLINICALTRIAL

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Ejes en la urbanización teotihuacana
Authors: Morante López Rubén Bernardo
Published: October 2024

Preguntas añejas, hasta ahora no totalmente respondidas, acerca de los factores que motivaron la traza del eje teotihuacano, nos llevaron a estudios de campo y análisis de gabinete, los cuales nos sirvieron como base para la presente propuesta. Observaciones directas hacia los puntos señalados por ortos y ocasos solares, en fechas astronómica y calendáricamente relevantes, nos han llevado a presentar una hipótesis acerca del origen de las dos singulares y altamente precisas trazas urbanas en Teotihuacan, mismas que rigieron el gran proyecto, arquitectónico y simbólico, en periodos de urbanización claramente distinguibles en orientaciones de construcciones erigidas en ellos. La segunda época es la más conocida, ya que por casi cinco siglos rigió a los constructores de los edificios cuyos vestigios vemos actualmente. Los motivos que guiaron esos ejes han propiciado hipótesis diversas acerca del por qué, a pesar de que los teotihuacanos conocían con precisión los rumbos cardinales, decidieron desviar el eje rector del urbanismo de su ciudad en dos ocasiones, ambas hacia el este del norte, pero con distintos ángulos. La primera orientación perduró medio siglo; el eje temprano al parecer tuvo un origen similar al segundo, de tipo astronómico calendárico.
Decenio Internacional de los Afrodescendientes. Reflexiones desde la antropología
Authors: Quecha Reyna Citlali
Published: October 2024

En este artículo comparto algunas reflexiones en torno al Decenio Internacional de los Afrodescendientes (2015-2024) promulgado por la ONU. Vinculo este hecho con la celebración de los 50 años del IIA, lugar en el que laboro como investigadora desde el 2014. A través de la conjugación de estos dos eventos señalo los procesos históricos que se han llevado a cabo en el periodo del Decenio en relación a la visibilidad de las poblaciones de la diáspora africana en el país. Doy especial atención a la importancia de la agenda antirracista que acompaña esa visibilidad y los retos analíticos que supone para la antropología el reconocimiento de los afromexicanos como sujeto colectivo. Todo ello con la finalidad de apuntalar los debates que, desde el Instituto, he podido desarrollar a cinco décadas del surgimiento de esta dependencia universitaria.
La luz del ecoturismo: la producción social de las luciérnagas y las trampas de la fe neoliberal
Authors: Velasco Santos Paola , González Nava Leonor Alejandra
Published: October 2024

El presente artículo tiene el objetivo analizar, desde la mirilla de la ecología política etnográfica, una porción de un entramado multiespecie para entender cómo se han producido mutuamente las luciérnagas y los sujetos rurales bajo ciclos de acumulación particulares y la eterna búsqueda de sobrevivencia. Con base en información etnográfica recopilada desde 2018 hasta octubre de 2022, exploramos cómo en los últimos años, las diferentes especies de luciérnaga que cohabitan en los bosques de Tlahuapan, Puebla pasaron de ser un bicho con poca importancia en las prácticas y narrativas productivas, simbólicas e identitarias de los ejidatarios a ser una figura central y la protagonista de las noches de verano. Sugerimos, que los científicos, ejidatarios, guías turísticos y empresarios emprendedores han coproducido a las luciérnagas involucrándolas como “primeras actrices” en una puesta en escena auspiciada por el turismo de conservación y al mismo tiempo se han construido a sí mismos como sujetos neoliberales.
Salud y alteraciones culturales durante la época inca: una aproximación a través de la obra de Felipe Guamán Poma de Ayala
Authors: Correa Trigoso Denis Elvis , Purizaca Rosillo Nelson , Gayoso Bazán Guillermo
Published: October 2024

El objetivo de la investigación fue identificar las referencias e ilustraciones de las enfermedades o alteraciones morfológicas corporales presentes durante la época Inca descritas en la obra de Primera Nueva Coronica y buen gobierno de Guamán Poma de Ayala. Para ello se revisó solamente la primera parte (Nueva Corónica), la cual corresponde al pasado andino antes de la llegada de los españoles. El documento analizado fue la edición publicada por la Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho en 1980 y editada por Franklin Pease. Producto del análisis, se identificaron once padecimientos asociados con la salud: enanos, corcovados, cuatro dedos en manos y pies, nariz y boca hendida, enfermedades cutáneas, ojos blancos, orejas quebradas, obesidad, tullido, mudo, manco y cojos. De igual manera, con respecto a las alteraciones culturales se registraron tres tipos: tuertos y ciegos, modelado cefálico intencional y modificación ósea por actividad ocupacional. Los casos mencionados estuvieron asociados con causas genéticas, violencia interpersonal, patrones culturales y factores medioambientales.
La fauna en la construcción del paisaje simbólico en el sur del istmo de Tehuantepec: el caso de la nutria de río en la época Prehispánica
Authors: Flores Granados Fabio
Published: October 2024

Como principal evidencia arqueológica, las grafías animales plasmadas en distintos sitios de arte rupestre sugieren una particular relevancia de la fauna nativa en la construcción del paisaje hacia finales del periodo Clásico y durante el Posclásico. Como registro etnobiológico primigenio, considerando el paisaje como patrimonio articulado por lugares donde las historias se tejen y forman identidad, los acercamientos a aquellas memorias parten del topónimo Guiigu’ Bi’cunisa que en lengua zapoteca del istmo significa “río de los perros de agua”, no solamente como descriptor geográfico, sino también como espacio físico y social en el que se engarzan distintos entramados entre la nutria neotropical y los habitantes de distintas localidades a lo largo del río Los Perros. Se practica el análisis de las formas tangibles o intangibles inmersas en la composición paisajística atendiendo la articulación de las nociones zoológicas tradicionales entre habitantes de algunas comunidades de la región sur del istmo, respecto a ciertas representaciones de arte rupestre y evidencias arqueológicas. Como proceso histórico que combina elementos del entorno y el rotulado de determinadas estampas, tanto mitos y leyendas como diversas expresiones musicales, plásticas y artísticas aportan información útil sobre la importancia que la fauna nativa pudo tener en diversas expresiones culturales y simbólicas del pasado. Constatamos que los entramados hombre-fauna, al igual que las interacciones entre las personas y los sentimientos de cercanía u afinidad por ciertos espacios y determinados acontecimientos no sólo son recordados sino también incorporados como historias de vida.
Etnicidad e internacionalismo indígena en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, durante la década de 1970
Authors: Padin Esteban Ariel
Published: October 2024

El objetivo del presente artículo es describir una serie de encuentros y organizaciones interculturales de carácter supranacional que permitieron la expansión del movimiento etnopolítico en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA). Se trabaja con la Asociación Indígena de la República Argentina (AIRA), del año 1975, y el Centro Kolla (Cenko), fundado en 1979.
La selección de los eventos internacionales descritos se justifica por la participación en los mismos de las dirigencias del Cenko y de la aira. Además, es el resultado de múltiples entrevistas y del trabajo de archivo en colecciones privadas y en instituciones públicas.
En las reuniones y espacios internacionales, la aira y el Cenko compartieron experiencias sobre derechos vulnerados y estrategias de acción para resolver demandas y conflictos. Las organizaciones investigadas definieron, en parte, su etnicidad con ideologías y con distintos tipos de recursos obtenidos por fuera de las fronteras nacionales.
El vínculo de la aira y el Cenko con instancias y agrupaciones internacionales todavía no se ha investigado. Por lo tanto, este trabajo busca realizar una primera sistematización y plantea que dichos espacios fueron centrales para la supervivencia del movimiento etnopolítico de caba, durante la última Dictadura Cívico-militar (1976-1983). La investigación propone, además, analizar a la aira y al Cenko como experiencias políticas porteñas interculturales y, de esa forma, contribuir a desmontar las negaciones identitarias que recaen sobre la población indígena urbana.
Alex Mahoudeau (2022). La panique woke. Anatomie d'une offensive réactionnaire, vol 1, Petite encyclopédie critique, Essais et documents. Paris: Textuel
Authors: Urteaga Eguzki
Published: October 2024

Al término de la lectura de la obra La panique woke. Anatomie d’une offensive réactionnaire, conviene subrayar la gran actualidad del tema abordado, la finura con la cual es analizado y la pertinencia de la interpretación propuesta,basada en el concepto de estado de pánico moral. Para ello, el autor hace gala de un profundo conocimiento de las realidades sociopolíticas estadounidenses y francesas, lo que permite tener una visión pormenorizada y comparativa, no solamente del wokismo, sino también de los discursos y de las actitudes de los sectores conservadores en su contra que intentan desacreditarlo y demonizarlo recurriendo a la exageración y a la mentira. Mahoudeau pone igualmente de manifiesto el carácter a veces contradictorio e ineficaz de ciertos planteamientos que intentan responder a los ataques contra el wokismo. Recurre, a lo largo del libro, a numerosos ejemplos mediante un estilo fluido y un lenguaje asequible, lo que convierte su lectura en un placer.
El papel del Estado en el desarrollo científico y tecnológico de México
Authors: Vilchis Flores Juan Carlos , Merritt Tapia Humberto
Published: October 2024

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo responder la siguiente pregunta: ¿cuál ha sido el rol del Estado en el desarrollo científico y tecnológico de México en el periodo 2000-2020? Para ello, se realizó una revisión de literatura sobre el rol del Estado en el campo científico y tecnológico, y se estableció como estrategia metodológica el análisis de variables cualitativas y cuantitativas para bosquejar un panorama de la intervención estatal. Tres fueron los hallazgos más importantes obtenidos: i) que el Estado juega un papel crucial para promover el progreso tecnológico de la nación, ii) que pese al apoyo estatal, el sector privado se muestra reacio a innovar, iii) que la intervención estatal se inclina por orientar la innovación hacia temas sociales, medioambientales y energéticos.
Review of Magnetization Impacts on Vapor Absorption Refrigeration Systems
Authors: Deshmukh Rahul G.
Published: October 2024

Amidst the ongoing maintainable energy revolution, reducing energy consumption in vapor absorption refrigeration system (VARS) has become a critical application part. Over the past several decades, extensive research has been devoted to these systems. This study presents a thorough classification and review of the existing literature on magnetized refrigeration systems, specifically focusing on VARS. The paper explores the effects of magnetic fields on fluid flow interactions, categorizing the research into Electro-Hydrodynamics (EHD) and Magneto-Hydrodynamics (MHD). It highlights the distinctive impacts of magnetic fields on the thermophysical properties of electrically conducting fluids. Additionally, the article delves into the fundamental mechanisms behind the influence of magnetization on these properties. The review encompasses experimental studies conducted over the last two decades regarding the effects of magnetization on VARS.
The modern methodological conceptions and the development of anglo-american economics in the 20th century
Authors: Musiał Grażyna
Published: October 2024

Purpose: The aim of this article is to reconstruct the basic methodological assumptions that are relevant to contemporary conceptions of the science of economics developing in English and American literature during the 20th century.
Methodology/approach: The paper aims to outline the logical structure of scientific theories in economics, which determines the objectivity of this science. Theoretical testing of hypotheses is performed by referring to more general and higher theoretical knowledge.
Findings: The prevalence of utilitarian attitudes described in the article, which limit economic cognition to cost and profit calculations and economic processes to activities around profit maximisation, promotes the instrumentalisation of the norms and principles of this science, and indirectly indicates the absence of other autonomous values besides profit.
Practical implications: Making the starting point in this article expressed in the work of British and American classics writing in the twentieth century demonstrates that they were moderate and flexible thinkers, as the structure of their theories reflects the changes that occurred in the leading methodological currents of the time.
Originality/value: In every epoch of the development of the science of economics, there are concepts that consciously need to be guarded against variability (e.g. the concept of truth) and to strive to ensure that methodological concepts form as coherent a scientific belief system as possible.
Review of Leukemia in Children
Authors: Ghosh Somenath , Kumar Jha Sanjeev , Kumar Choudhary Amit , yadav Akriti
Published: October 2024

Leukemia is the most common cancer in children, accounting for approximately one-third of all pediatric cancers. This disease affects the blood-forming tissues, with leukemic cells first growing in the bone marrow, then entering the peripheral blood, and possibly spreading to various organs, including the skin. Acute leukemia’s clinical symptoms stem from the frequently rapid onset of bone marrow failure. The clinical presentation typically includes high fever, gastrointestinal and pulmonary symptoms, severe and worsening anorexia, muscle and joint pain, and bleeding. This review explores the incidence and general epidemiology of childhood leukemia, including risk-increasing syndromes; recognizes the clinical presentation and interpretation of blood counts; examines potential oncologic emergencies; describes prognostic factors and the importance of minimal residual disease in precursor B-lymphoblastic leukemia; highlights supportive care in treating acute myelogenous leukemia; and addresses long-term complications of modern childhood leukemia treatments. This narrative review discusses the evidence suggesting an in-utero origin of childhood acute leukemia, focusing on acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It highlights the significant diagnostic presence of these acute leukemias among hematologic cancers, the investigations into prenatal leukemogenesis, and the literature on prenatal risk factors during gestation.
Russian scientists on the role and modern significance of Immanuel Kant's concept of a moral and legal state (on the 300th anniversary of his birth)
Authors:   Донской государственный технический университет, Ростов-на-Дону, Россия, Леонид Владимирович Акопов , Денис Петрович Орлов , Раиса Аркадьевна Левина ,   Донской государственный технический университет, Ростов-на-Дону, Россия
Published: October 2024

In this article the authors justify the statement that the outstanding philosopher Immanuel Kant not only rightly considered the author of the doctrine on the rightness of the state with a republican form of government, but is the creator of the concept of the moral-legal state, in which, along with the traditionally recognized features, the requirements of a moral categorical imperative must be respected, which plays a key role in the scientific discourse of the concept mentioned above and is still relevant.
Tipología de jóvenes rurales emprendedores agropecuarios: un estudio de caso en Colombia
Authors: Cuevas Reyes Venancio , Ramírez-Gómez Carlos Julián
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: establecer tipologías de emprendedores rurales a partir de un conjunto de características y dimensiones del emprendimiento.Diseño/metodología: se utilizó un método exploratorio con un enfoque cuantitativo. Se aplicaron 368 encuestas a jóvenes rurales del departamento de Caldas. Posteriormente, a través de un análisis estadístico de clúster, se realizó una tipología de emprendedores rurales.Resultados: la investigación permitió establecer tres grupos de emprendedores rurales. El Clúster 1, denominado como jóvenes desinteresados, constituye el 47 %, los cuales se destacan principalmente por no querer permanecer en el territorio rural. El Clúster 2, nombrado jóvenes comprometidos, representa el 12 %. Este grupo, generalmente, cuentan con proyectos productivos que van de uno a cinco años de permanencia, además de habilidades útiles para desarrollar emprendimientos y apoyo familiar. Finalmente, está el Clúster 3, designado como jóvenes iniciadores, representa el 41 % del total de la muestra analizada. Este grupo se destaca por su menor participación en proyectos productivos emprendedores, además de ser jóvenes menos propensos al riesgo.Conclusiones: se concluye que es posible fomentar emprendimientos rurales que permitan la permanencia de jóvenes en sus territorios, siempre que el apoyo familiar juegue un rol importante, y que las instituciones gubernamentales y académicas contribuyan en la formación y desarrollo de sus capacidades.Originalidad: el estudio contribuye con un análisis de tipología de emprendedores, enriqueciendo la literatura alrededor del emprendimiento rural, específicamente en torno a un problema clave relacionado con la migración y permanencia de jóvenes en los territorios rurales.
We Should Care about Explaining Even Linear Programs
Authors: Steinmann David , Zečević Matej , Dhami Devendra Singh , Kersting Kristian
Published: October 2024

There has been a recent push to make machine learning models more
interpretable so that their performance can be trusted. Although
successful, this push has primarily focused on deep learning methods,
while simpler optimization methods have been essentially ignored.
Consider linear programs (LP), a working horse of sciences. Even if LPs
can be considered whitebox or clearbox models, they are not easy to
understand in terms of relationships between inputs and outputs,
contrary to common belief. As a linear program solver only provides the
optimal solution to an optimization problem, further explanations are
often helpful. We extend the attribution methods for explaining neural
networks to linear programs, thereby taking the first step towards what
might be called explainable optimization. These attribution methods
explain the model by providing relevance scores for the model inputs to
show the influence of each input on the output. Alongside using
classical gradient-based attribution methods, we also propose a way to
adapt perturbation-based attribution methods to LPs. Our evaluations of
several different linear and integer problems show that attribution
methods can generate helpful explanations for these models. In
particular, we demonstrate that explanations can generate interesting
insights into large, real-world linear programs.
Analysis of the influence of outer envelope structure on indoor thermal environment of zero energy building
Authors: Zhen Xiaofei , Li Shange , Peng Jianming , Zhao Zhouyang , Zhang Xu , Tan Chuanxi , Jiao Ruonan , Wu Wenbing , Zhan Han
Published: October 2024

Zero-energy building is the main development trend in the current construction field. Reducing the carbon emission of the building, enhancing the indoor comfort of the building, and improving the comprehensive performance of the building are the current research hotspots in the field of construction, and it is necessary to explore the impact of the envelope on the performance of the building as the main medium for the transfer of indoor and outdoor heat in the building. In this paper, zero energy consumption buildings in Northwest China are taken as the study application. Numerical simulation and experimental research are combined to compare and analyze the changes of indoor thermal environment under the conditions of external wall insulation layer thickness of 150 mm, 140 mm, 130 mm and window-wall ratio of 0.36 and 0.5 in the heating season. The results show that the indoor comfort level of 130 mm is lower than that of 140 mm and 150 mm external wall insulation layer thickness, and in winter, the increase of window wall ratio improves indoor thermal comfort. In general, increasing the thickness of external wall insulation layer and window wall ratio can be effective means to improve indoor comfort. However, blindly increasing the thickness of insulation layer and window wall ratio will only cause resource waste and cost increase, affecting the long-term development of zero-energy buildings.
Performance evaluation of direct injection diesel engine fueled with diesel-ZnO nanoparticles blends
Authors: Rehman Sanaur , Haq Aijazul , Hussain Taliv , Asif Mohammad
Published: October 2024

Present experimental study focused on investigating the effects of
diesel-zinc oxide nanoparticles blends on the performance evaluation of a
four stroke two-cylinder direct injection diesel engine. Two blends were
employed to analyze engine combustion and performance parameters at various
engine loads and constant speed (1500 rpm) conditions. Blends were prepared
by dispersing zinc oxide nanoparticles with diesel fuel in different dosing
levels through the ultrasonication process. One blend has 30 ppm zinc oxide
nanoparticles per liter of diesel (D100ZnO30) and another has 60 ppm zinc
oxide nanoparticles per liter of diesel (D100ZnO60). It was found that
combustion and performance characteristics improved at higher engine loads
for all blends. Present experimental results revealed that blending of zinc
oxide nanoparticles in diesel fuel enhance engine performance due to better
in-cylinder combustion. Combustion characteristics like maximum cumulative
heat release, maximum net heat release rate and peak rate of pressure rise
of diesel engine were promoted due to nanoparticles additive. Percentage
increase of 9.09 and 10.09 in duration of combustion of D100ZnO30 and
D100ZnO60 blends respectively than diesel was recorded at full load. At full
load conditions, brake thermal efficiency was improved by 2.63 % and 0.36 %
for D100ZnO30 and D100ZnO60 blends respectively as compared to diesel.
Moreover, brake specific fuel consumption of D100ZnO30 and D100ZnO60 blends
also improved significantly than diesel. Hence, it can be stated that zinc
oxide nanoparticles in lower concentration would be an effective approach to
significantly improve diesel engine combustion and performance parameters.
Performance study on turbulent heat transfer using rectangular air duct integrated with continuous and intermittent ribs turbulators
Authors: Nashee Sarah , Mushatet Khudheyer
Published: October 2024

To continue the scientific path specialized in enhancing the thermal
performance of thermal systems, several tests are carried out to improve the
overall performance of a rectangular duct as air flows through it. This
study reports experimentally and numerically the heat transfer enhancement
and overall performance of a rectangular air duct with various arrangement
of continuous and intermittent ribs turbulators. The ribs are inserting in
several array arrangements at a 90o relative to the direction of flow. Three
ribs lengths s= 30, 60 and 150 mm employed with the several arrangements
that?s tested in the current study, with the pitch ratios (p/e)= 5.0 and
height ratios (e/H) = 0.330. These cases include: continuous ribs case (CR),
intermittent-continuous-intermittent ribs case (ICIR) and intermittent-ribs
(IR). Reynolds number (Re) is ranging from 10,000 to 35,000. The
experimental work was performed by designed and fabricated test rig while
the numerical work was performed in commercially ANSYS Fluent 17.2. the
outcomes show that (IR) case offers the best overall performance for all
tested velocities, its 1.54 for experimental study and 1.57 for numerical
study at Re=10000. Also, the highest friction factor values are found in
(IR) case, it is found to be 0.082 in Re=10000.
Analysis of steady-state operation of high temperature heat pipe and optimization of the working medium
Authors: Meng Yizhuo , Duan Qimeng , Zhao Danghua , Hou Chenxi
Published: October 2024

High temperature heat pipes exhibit excellent heat transfer performance and
can operate stably under high temperature conditions above 750K. They are
widely used in heat recovery and heat removal processes. In this paper, a
flow and heat transfer model is established to calculate the temperature,
pressure, and velocity distribution of the high temperature heat pipe, and
the results are similar to the experimental data. In addition, the working
medium of the high temperature heat pipe is optimized through a novel
optimization method based on probability, and it is concluded that sodium
has better heat transfer performance than lithium and potassium under
800K-1000K operating conditions. The optimal result is consistent with the
simulation result, which provides a reference for the optimization of
working medium in high temperature heat pipes under other operating
conditions.
Enhancing sustainable facade design: A Belgrade case study
Authors: Markovic Snezana , Markovic Ljubo , Miletic Mirjana , Radulovic Rada , Bozovic Ruzica
Published: October 2024

This research examines the potential of widespread facade systems to improve
energy performance and enhance user comfort in residential buildings.
Utilizing Design Builder software (Version 5.0.3.7), the study specifically
aimed to reduce heating energy consumption, a significant concern in the
climatic conditions of Serbia. The methodology incorporated both technical
performance assessments and economic analyses, evaluating the economic
viability through metrics such as Return on Investment (ROI), Net present
value (NPV), and Internal rate of return (IRR). The multi-criteria
evaluation framework employed allowed for a comprehensive analysis,
balancing technical performance with economic and qualitative factors to
identify the most favorable facade systems. By addressing both the immediate
economic returns and longer-term benefits, this research contributes to a
more sustainable and economically feasible building practice.
Thermal performance investigation and optimization of a novel v-shaped finned latent heat storage unit
Authors: Chen Kunxiao , Zhang Qiang
Published: October 2024

The low thermal conductivity of phase change materials limits the thermal
performance of heat storage devices, hindering their widespread application
in engineering. To address this challenge, this paper focused on the fin
design of a horizontal triplex-tube latent heat storage device. A novel
V-shaped fin with a secondary arrangement is proposed. Numerical simulation
is employed to investigate the effects of fin angle, fin length, and heat
transfer fluid temperature on the thermal performance of the storage system.
Moreover, the fin parameter is optimized by the response surface method. The
results demonstrate that, compared to traditional rectangular fins, both the
primary and secondary V-shaped fins can significantly enhance the thermal
performance. The secondary V-shaped fin has the most significant effects,
reducing the melting time of the phase change material by 48.5%, and
increasing the average heat storage rate by 83.46%. Additionally, the
thermal performance of the heat storage unit exhibits a trend of initially
increasing and then decreasing with the increase of fin angle and length,
suggesting the existence of optimal structural parameters. Consequently, the
optimized secondary V-shaped fin reduces the melting time by 52.9% and
increases the average heat storage rate of phase change materials by
104.48%.
Diabetes Centers’ Participation in the T1D Exchange Quality Improvement Collaborative Advances Health Equity and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Accacha Siham , Mungmode Ann , Benzoni Lori , Rioles Nicole , Aleppo Grazia , Steenkamp Devin , Levy Carol J. , Antal Zoltan , Wong Jenise C. , Nelson Grace , Alonso G. Todd , Ebekozien Osagie
Published: October 2024

As the learning health network known as the T1D Exchange Quality Improvement Collaborative (T1DX-QI) has expanded on a significant scale to provide care for more than 120,000 people since its inception in 2016, assessing the quality improvement (QI) culture and monitoring clinical outcome improvements of participating centers has become vital to understanding the network’s progress and success. Centers participating in the T1DX-QI complete regular QI culture self-assessments to quantify four evidence-based areas of culture: QI team structure, QI foundation, QI capacity, and QI success. This study builds on a previous baseline analysis to demonstrate self-reported improvements in T1DX-QI centers’ QI culture from 2021 to 2022 and summarizes QI successes experienced by participating centers.
Extrapolation and Interpolation of Information in Computer Science
Authors: DJ* Jakobczak
Published: October 2024

Proposed method is dealing with multi-dimensional data modeling, extrapolation and interpolation using the set of high dimensional feature vectors. Identification of handwriting, signature, faces or fingerprints need data modeling and each model of the pattern is built by a choice of characteristic key points and multi-dimensional modeling functions. Novel modeling via nodes combination and parameter γ as N-dimensional function enables data parameterization and interpolation for feature vectors. Multi-dimensional data is modelled and interpolated via different functions for each feature: polynomial, sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, logarithm, exponent, arc sin, arc cos, arc tan, arc cot or power function.
Cardiovascular diseases in Quebec health administrative databases: missing diagnoses and underestimation of the number of cases in a 28-year prospective cohort
Authors: Lavigne-Robichaud Mathilde , Diffo Edwige Tiwa , Brisson Chantal , Levesque Manon , Blanchette Caty , Milot Alain , Talbot Denis , Trudel Xavier
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) surveillance in Quebec and the rest of Canada is carried out using health administrative databases, which in Quebec includes the physician claims database. The presence of billing claims without diagnoses can lead to the number of CVD cases being underestimated. The purpose of this study is to estimate the proportion of CVD diagnoses and CVD cases that may be missing from these databases.

Methods

The study was conducted using a prospective cohort of 8781 participants living in the Québec City area. Access to health administrative databases was granted for the entire 28-year follow-up period. First, we performed frequency analyses to estimate the proportion of missing CVD diagnoses. Then we used validated algorithms to identify CVD cases and estimate the proportion of CVD cases that were potentially not captured over the 28-year period.

Results

About one-fifth (22.1%) of the diagnoses in the physician claims database were missing. The proportion of missing CVD cases was estimated at 12.7% for 1991–2018, although this varied with the period covered (1991–1996: 15.5%; 1997–2013: 10.7%; and 2014–2018: 16.3%).

Conclusion

Approximatively 1 in 10 CVD cases are not identified due to a missing diagnosis. This underestimation of CVD cases is a potential limitation that should be considered when using Quebec health administrative databases to identify CVD cases for surveillance work and epidemiological studies.
Resolving Nightmares.
Authors: Bowater Margaret M.
Published: October 2024

Recurring nightmares and post-trauma dreams are symptoms of real emotional pain or fear in some aspect of a dreamer's life and, like physical pain, are a call for healing. Careful attention to the structure and content of nightmares can contribute not only to understanding the causes, but also to effectively resolving them. This article presents a short summary of the main kinds of nightmares that occur, and how to work with them in an effort to restore hope to a person who has felt emotionally trapped in repeating circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Counselling is the property of New Zealand Association of Counsellors and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Surviving shame.
Authors: Thorburn Natalie
Published: October 2024

Adolescents involved with sex work are largely hidden from formal systems, and typically view counselling, social work, and health services with distrust. This article reports the findings of a study involving semi-structured interviews with a sample of eight young people who started sex work between the ages of 12 and 16. The study found that participants' experiences with formal services were overwhelmingly negative and emotionally harmful. The combination of the participants' outcome expectations, interactions with individual practitioners, and feelings of shame was found to preclude sustained engagement, irrespective of the participants' level of need. Helpful elements of the client-practitioner alliance are identified, and components of service design that promote emotional safety and the positive development of self are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Counselling is the property of New Zealand Association of Counsellors and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Back for the future: How do guidance counsellors work with learners returning from stand-downs to help them re-engage with school?
Authors: McNaughton Helen
Published: October 2024

This study explores ways in which school guidance counsellors work with learners returning from a stand-down to help them re-engage with school. Literature was reviewed concerning causes and consequences of temporary disciplinary exclusion, ways in which schools manage behaviour and ameliorate the effects of exclusion, and roles which are, and could be, taken by school counsellors in this context. A qualitative methodology was used. Five experienced school counsellors were interviewed regarding their work with clients who had been stood down. The data was thematically analysed. Themes of advocacy, conflict resolution, and identity-focused therapy emerged. The importance of the counsellor working within an effective, cohesive pastoral team overarched these themes. The role of a counsellor in a pastoral team, and as both an insider and an outsider in a school, is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of New Zealand Journal of Counselling is the property of New Zealand Association of Counsellors and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)