bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of pulmonary congestion severity using artificial intelligence‐assisted scoring versus clinical experts: A secondary analysis of BLUSHED‐AHF
Authors: Goldsmith Andrew J. , Jin Mike , Lucassen Ruben , Duggan Nicole M. , Harrison Nicholas E. , Wells William , Ehrman Robert R. , Ferre Robinson , Gargani Luna , Noble Vicki , Levy Phil , Lane Katie , Li Xiaochun , Collins Sean , Pang Peter , Kapur Tina , Russell Frances M.
Published: May 2023

Aim

Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is the leading cause of cardiovascular hospitalizations in the United States. Detecting B‐lines through lung ultrasound (LUS) can enhance clinicians' prognostic and diagnostic capabilities. Artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML)‐based automated guidance systems may allow novice users to apply LUS to clinical care. We investigated whether an AI/ML automated LUS congestion score correlates with expert's interpretations of B‐line quantification from an external patient dataset.

Methods and results

This was a secondary analysis from the BLUSHED‐AHF study which investigated the effect of LUS‐guided therapy on patients with ADHF. In BLUSHED‐AHF, LUS was performed and B‐lines were quantified by ultrasound operators. Two experts then separately quantified the number of B‐lines per ultrasound video clip recorded. Here, an AI/ML‐based lung congestion score (LCS) was calculated for all LUS clips from BLUSHED‐AHF. Spearman correlation was computed between LCS and counts from each of the original three raters. A total of 3858 LUS clips were analysed on 130 patients. The LCS demonstrated good agreement with the two experts' B‐line quantification score (r = 0.894, 0.882). Both experts' B‐line quantification scores had significantly better agreement with the LCS than they did with the ultrasound operator's score (p < 0.005, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Artificial intelligence/machine learning‐based LCS correlated with expert‐level B‐line quantification. Future studies are needed to determine whether automated tools may assist novice users in LUS interpretation.
Selective Synthesis of Cyclic Nitroene‐Sulfonamides from Aliphatic Sulfamides and NOBF4
Authors: Huang Quan , Li Sa , Jiang Yuqin , Xia Xiao‐Feng
Published: May 2023

Described herein is the development of a desaturation and N‐β‐nitration reaction of cyclic amides, which is achieved by a selective hydrogen atom transfer (HAT)/oxidative desaturation/electrophilic nitration process. In this procedure, di‐tert‐butyl peroxide (DTBP) acted both as the oxidant and HAT reagent, and electrophilic NOBF4 as nitration source. Notably, the application of produced cyclic nitroene‐sulfonamides was showcased by their efficient transformations into 3‐piperidones and poly‐substituted piperidine derivatives.
Advanced electrocatalytic materials based biosensors for cancer cell detection – A review
Authors: Sridharan Gokul , Atchudan Raji , Magesh Vasanth , Arya Sandeep , Ganapathy Dhanraj , Nallaswamy Deepak , Sundramoorthy Ashok K.
Published: May 2023

Herein, we have highlighted the latest developments on biosensors for cancer cell detection. Electrochemical (EC) biosensors offer several advantages such as high sensitivity, selectivity, rapid analysis, portability, low‐cost, etc. Generally, biosensors could be classified into other basic categories such as immunosensors, aptasensors, cytosensors, electrochemiluminescence (ECL), and photo‐electrochemical (PEC) sensors. The significance of the EC biosensors is that they could detect several biomolecules in human body including cholesterol, glucose, lactate, uric acid, DNA, blood ketones, hemoglobin, and others. Recently, various EC biosensors have been developed by using electrocatalytic materials such as silver sulfide (Ag2S), black phosphene (BPene), hexagonal carbon nitrogen tube (HCNT), carbon dots (CDs)/cobalt oxy‐hydroxide (CoOOH), cuprous oxide (Cu2O), polymer dots (PDs), manganese oxide (MnO2), graphene derivatives, and gold nanoparticles (Au‐NPs). In some cases, these newly developed biosensors could be able to detect cancer cells with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1 cell/mL. In addition, many remaining challenges have to be addressed and validated by testing more real samples and confirm that these EC biosensors are more accurate and reliable to measure cancer cells in the blood and salivary samples.
Gymnema sylvestre extract ameliorated streptozotocin‐induced hyperglycemia in T2DM rats via gut microbiota
Authors: Chen Guilin , Xu Yongbing , Zhang Hui , Muema Felix Wambua , Guo Mingquan
Published: May 2023

Gymnema sylvestre (GS) has been traditionally used to treat diabetes mellitus (DM) and consumed as both food and medicine. The present work aimed to reveal the arresting hypoglycemic properties of GS leaves on type 2 DM (T2DM) rats meditated by gut microbiota pathway. After administration for 30 days, GS treatment observably improved the abnormal fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, lipid profiles, and the glucose tolerance of the T2DM rats in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, GS treatment reversibly restored the gut microbiota diversities in the T2DM rats based on the decreased Firmicute abundance and boosted Bacteroidetes abundance and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Particularly, the KEGG pathway suggested that GS treatment strongly interfered with the glucose metabolism processes, such as the glycolysis from glucose 6‐phosphate and glucose, along with the changes in the relative abundances of the beneficial bacteria of Clostridium, Lactobacillus, and Bacteroides. In addition, the GS treatment dramatically promoted the contents of the acetic acid, the total short‐chain fatty acids in the T2DM rat feces. This study showcased the remarkable amelioration of GS on the metabolic disorders of blood glucose and lipids via the regulation of gut microbiota in T2DM rats, which could offer a new mechanism of GS as a potential natural antidiabetic food supplement for T2DM.
The effectiveness of omega‐3 fatty acids on health outcomes in women with breast cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Osouli‐Tabrizi Shirin , Mehdizadeh Amir , Naghdi Mina , Sanaat Zohreh , Vahed Nafiseh , Farshbaf‐Khalili Azizeh
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to systematically evaluate the impact of omega‐3 fatty acids on the health outcomes of women with breast cancer in electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) for interventional studies. The risk of bias and the quality of the included articles were assessed by Cochrane Collaboration Handbook guidance. The statistical analyses were not conducted because of the heterogeneity of the included studies. Of 3676 identified articles, 11 articles were included in this study. The majority of the included studies were not of high quality. Median progression time and overall survival significantly improved. Additionally, surgical site healing complications and infection rates decreased. There was a significant decrease in perceived stress, sleep disturbance, depression, pain, joint stiffness, and fatigue throughout the intervention. Moreover, omega‐3 fatty acids consumption significantly increased the total serum omega‐3, EPA, and DHA, and decreased the omega‐6: omega‐3 ratio, total leukocytes, lymphocytes, leptin, and CRP, accordingly. Mild gastrointestinal symptoms were reported in only two studies without clinically relevant adverse events. Omega‐3 fatty acids may cause improvement in physical, mental, and some inflammatory and metabolic indices during treatment or posttreatment course of breast cancer patients. Due to the possibility of free radical formation, omega‐3 FAs supplementation and consumption must be done very carefully.
Effects of Cuminum cyminum L. essential oil and its nanoemulsion on oxidative stability and microbial growth in mayonnaise during storage
Authors: Moradi Asma , Davati Nafiseh , Emamifar Aryou
Published: May 2023

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Cuminum cyminum L. essential oil (CEO) and its nanoemulsion (CEON) on oxidative stability and microbial growth of mayonnaise during storage. The GC analysis indicated that Cuminaldehyde (27.99%), o‐Cymene (17.31%), γ‐Terpinen (16.67%), and β‐Pinene (9.35%) were the major components of CEO, respectively. The assessments of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) showed that Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MBCCEO = 12 and MBCCEON = 6 mg/mL) was the most resistant bacteria, and in contrast, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (MBCCEO = 6 and MBCCEON = 3 mg/mL) was the most sensitive bacteria. In the radical‐scavenging assay, CEON (IC50 = 5 ± 0.07 μg/mL) exhibited a higher antioxidant activity than CEO (IC50 = 10 ± 0.13 μg/mL). The results showed that applying the MBC of CEO and CEON in mayonnaise led to a significant decrease (p < .05) in acidity, peroxide value, number of acid‐resistant bacteria and fungi, and total microbial count compared with the control sample. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that using CEON resulted in oxidative stability, microbial growth control, and desirable sensorial attributes in mayonnaise compared with CEO and control samples.
The protective role of maternal genetic immunization on maternal‐fetal health and welfare
Authors: Ahmed Sohail , Jiang Xunping , Liu Guiqiong , Yang Huiguo , Sadiq Amber , Yi Ding , Farooq Umar , Yiyu Sha , Zubair Muhammad
Published: May 2023

Pregnancy is a critical period associated with alterations in physiologic, biologic, and immunologic processes, which can affect maternal‐fetal health through development of several infectious diseases. At birth, neonates have an immature immune system that makes them more susceptible to severe viral infections and diseases. For this reason, different maternal nutritional and immunization interventions have been used to improve the immune and health status of the mother and her neonate through passive immunity. Here, we reviewed the protective role of maternal immunization with different types of vaccines, especially genetic vaccines, during pregnancy in maternal‐fetal health, immune response, colostrum quality, immune response, and anti‐oxidative status. For this purpose, we have used different scientific databases (PubMed and Google Scholar) and other official web pages. We customized the search period range from the year 2000 to 2023 using the key words “maternal immunization” OR “gestation period/pregnancy” OR “genetic vaccination” OR “maternal‐fetal health” OR “micronutrients” OR “neonatal immunity” “oxidative stress” OR “colostrum quality”. The evidence demonstrated that inactivated or killed vaccines produced significant immune protection in the mother and fetus. Furthermore, most recent studies have suggested that the use of genetic vaccines (mRNA and DNA) during pregnancy is efficient at triggering the immune response in mother and neonate without the risk of undesired pregnancy outcomes. However, factors such as maternal redox balance, nutritional status, and the timing of immunization play essential roles in regulating immune response inflammatory status, antioxidant capacity, and the welfare of both the pregnant mother and her newborn.
Inhibition functions can be improved in children with autism spectrum disorders: An eye‐tracking study
Authors: Caldani Simona , Humeau Elise , Delorme Richard , Bucci Maria Pia
Published: May 2023

Cognitive remediation therapy interventions could improve cognitive functioning in subjects with autism. To investigate the benefit of a short cognitive training rehabilitation in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) on pursuit and fixation performances. We recruited two groups (G1 and G2) of 30 children with ASD, sex‐, IQ‐ and age‐matched (mean 11.6 ± 0.5 years), and pursuit and fixation eye movements were recorded twice at T1 and T2. Between T1 and T2, a 10‐min cognitive training was performed by the G1 group only, whereas the G2 group had a 10‐min of rest. For all children with ASD enrolled in the study, there was a positive correlation between restricted and repetitive behaviour scores of both Autism Diagnostic Interview‐Revised (ADI‐R) and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and the number of saccades recorded during the fixation task at T1. At T1, oculomotor performances were similar for both groups of ASD children (G1 and G2). At T2, we observed a significant reduction in the number of saccades made during both pursuit and fixation tasks. Our findings underlined the importance to promote cognitive training rehabilitation for children with ASD, leading to a better performance in inhibitory and attention functioning responsible for pursuit and fixation eye movement's performance.
Outcomes of fatty liver disease with and without metabolic comorbidities and risk factors for mortality
Authors: Ogasawara Yuri , Kogiso Tomomi , Horiuchi Kentaro , Taniai Makiko , Tokushige Katsutoshi
Published: May 2023

Background and Aim

As the clinical course of metabolic‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is unclear, we compared the clinical courses of MAFLD and non‐alcoholic FLD (NAFLD).

Methods

Asian FLD patients (n = 987) from 1991 to 2021 (biopsy‐proven in 939) were enrolled. The patients were divided into NAFLD (N‐alone, n = 92), both MAFLD and N (M&N, n = 785), and M‐alone (n = 90) groups. Clinical features, complications, and survival rates were compared among the three groups. Risk factors of mortality were subjected to Cox regression analysis.

Results

The N‐alone group patients were significantly younger (N alone, M&N, and M alone: 50, 53, and 57 years, respectively), more frequently male (54.3%, 52.6%, and 37.8%), and had a low body mass index (BMI, 23.1, 27.1, and 26.7 kg/m2) and FIB‐4 index (1.20, 1.46, and 2.10). Hypopituitarism (5.4%) and hypothyroidism (7.6%) were significantly observed in the N‐alone group. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) developed in 0.0%, 4.2%, and 3.5% of the cases, and extrahepatic malignancies in 6.8%, 8.4%, and 4.7% of the cases, respectively, with no significant differences. The cardiovascular event rate was significantly higher in the M‐alone group (1, 37, and 11 cases, P < 0.01). Survival rates were similar among the three groups. Risk factors for mortality were age and BMI in the N‐alone group; age, HCC, alanine transaminase, and FIB‐4 in the M&N group; and FIB‐4 in the M‐alone group.

Conclusion

Different risk factors for mortality may exist among the FLD groups.
Isothermal titration calorimetry binding properties of Cibacron Blue F3GA in complex with human serum albumin
Authors: Andac Cenk A. , Çağlar Sena , Denizli Adil , Andaç Müge
Published: May 2023

Binding interactions between Cibacron Blue‐F3GA (CB‐F3GA) and human serum albumin (HSA, at physiologically ten‐fold lower concentration) was studied by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and in‐silico docking computations. ITC experiments revealed two separate binding sites on HSA with different binding affinities for CB‐F3GA. The high‐affinity binding site (PBS‐II) on HSA binds CB‐F3GA at nanomolar scale (KD1 = 118 ± 107 nM) with favorable binding enthalpy (ΔHo1 = − 6.47 ± 0.44 kcal/mol) and entropy (−TΔSo1 = −2.98 kcal/mol) energies. CB‐F3GA binds to the low‐affinity binding site (PBS‐I) at μM scale (KD2 = 31.20 ± 18.40 μM) with favorable binding enthalpy (ΔHo1 = − 5.03 ± 3.86 × 10−2 kcal/mol) and entropy (−TΔSo1 = −1.12 kcal/mol) energies. ITC binding data strongly suggest that CB‐F3GA binding to PBS‐II site increases the formation of dimeric‐HSA clusters (N1 = 2.43 ± 0.50), while binding to PBS‐I leads to tetrameric‐HSA clusters (N2 = 4.61 ± 0.90). These results suggest that a higher degree of HSA aggregation upon drug binding may be expected under physiological conditions, a notion that should be further investigated for the delivery and toxicity of drug−HSA interactions.
The mental health impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic and exposure to other potentially traumatic events up to old age
Authors: Havermans Demi C. D. , Hoeboer Chris M. , Sobczak Sjacko , Primasari Indira , Coimbra Bruno M. , Hovnanyan Ani , Novakovic Irina Zrnic , Langevin Rachel , Aakvaag Helene F. , Grace Emma , Dragan Malgorzata , Lueger‐Schuster Brigitte , El‐Hage Wissam , Olff Miranda
Published: May 2023

We investigated whether the impact of potentially traumatic events (PTEs) on trauma‐related symptoms changes across the transitional adult lifespan (i.e., 16–100 years old) and if this association differs for self‐reported COVID‐19–related PTEs compared to other PTEs. A web‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted among 7,034 participants from 88 countries between late April and October 2020. Participants completed the Global Psychotrauma Screen (GPS), a self‐report questionnaire assessing trauma‐related symptoms. Data were analyzed using linear and logistic regression analyses and general linear models. We found that older age was associated with lower GPS total symptom scores, B = −0.02, p < .001; this association remained significant but was substantially weaker for self‐reported COVID‐19–related PTEs compared to other PTEs, B = 0.02, p = .009. The results suggest an association between older age and lower ratings of trauma‐related symptoms on the GPS, indicating a blunted symptom presentation. This age‐related trend was smaller for self‐reported COVID‐19–related PTEs compared to other PTEs, reflecting the relatively higher impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on older adults.
Machinability of AA 2024 aluminum alloy by fiber laser engraving process
Authors: Kasman Ş. , Ozan S.
Published: May 2023

The main objective of the present study is to investigate the machinability of AA 2024‐T351 aluminum alloy by laser beam‐assisted engraving process. The surface in a defined area was machined with the engraving process parameters of scan speed, frequency, and pulse width. While surface roughness measurements were performed to characterize the texture of the processed surface with laser engraving parameters, machining depth measurements were carried out to determine the material removal capacity. In addition, a mathematical relation was built for engraving depth and surface roughness using the response surface methodology. An increase in scan speed and pulse width led to a decrease in engraving depth and surface roughness. Unlike the scan speed and pulse width, any increase in frequency led to increased surface roughness and decreased engraving depth. After processing with lower pulse width and scan speed, a chaotic topography was formed on the surface. The effects of process parameters on engraving depth and surface roughness were analyzed statistically using factorial analysis. Except for the frequency, all parameters for surface roughness were statistically significant, whereas all parameters for engraving depth were statistically significant.
Under (peer) pressure: Experimental evidence on team size and task performance
Authors: Chadi Adrian , Homolka Konstantin
Published: May 2023

Causal evidence for the effect of team size on performance is lacking despite the high relevance of this question. From an economic perspective, one would expect performance incentives to decrease with increasing team size, but the psychological phenomenon of peer effects could mitigate the free‐rider problem. To analyze the behavioral implications due to changes in team size, we exploit a rich dataset from a controlled experiment with teams of either two or three participants of a university research project performing a real‐effort task. Our study provides three main findings. First, increasing team size does not change team performance on average, which is a robust result, be it across performance dimensions and even when introducing pay inequality between two work periods. Second, positive performance spillovers from peer to peer alleviate the free‐rider problem when team size increases. Third, changes in peer pressure due to changes in the transparency of others' performance could explain the variation in peer effects across team size. In contrast to discussions in previous literature, our evidence points to a potentially negative role of peer pressure for team performance. While lower peer pressure in teams of three allows for more positive performance spillovers, a high‐skilled peer in a team of two seems to pressure the other team member to produce more mistakes instead of more work output in high quality.
Besov‐type spaces associated with Lebedev‐Skalskaya wavelet transform
Authors: Pathak Ashish , Pandey Shrish
Published: May 2023

In the current study, we define Besov‐type spaces related to the Lebedev‐Skalskaya (LS‐) transform. We obtain Parseval's relation for continuous LS‐wavelet transform in
space, and then using it, we extend the notion of continuous LS‐wavelet transform on
space and, in the end, derive continuity of LS‐wavelet transform on Besov‐type spaces and characterize the Besov LS‐space using LS‐wavelet coefficients.
Keller–Segel–Stokes interaction involving signal‐dependent motilities
Authors: Tian Yu , Winkler Michael
Published: May 2023

The chemotaxis‐Stokes system

is considered along with homogeneous boundary conditions of no‐flux type for
and
, and of Dirichlet type for
, in a smoothly bounded domain
. Under the assumption that
, that
is bounded on each of the intervals
with arbitrary
, and that with some
and
, we have

It is shown that for any suitably regular initial data, an associated initial‐boundary value problem admits a global very weak solution.
Investigating long‐term creep in a composite pipe subjected to transverse loading and aqueous condition
Authors: Rafiee Roham , Arabian Mohammad Naghi
Published: May 2023

Glass‐fiber reinforced‐polymer (GFRP) pipes are widely used in various applications under wet conditions. Despite the considerable efforts on characterizing the mechanical response of GFRP pipes from various viewpoints in dry condition, less attention has been given to the influence of moisture absorption on their performance. The main goal of this research is to investigate the influence of moisture absorption on the long‐term creep behavior of GFRP pipes experimentally and theoretically. As experimental program, a GFRP pipe is subjected to a constant compressive transverse loading while it is submerged in water. Thus, the interaction between creep and water absorption are studied up to 5000 h. A systematic modeling procedure is also developed to evaluate the long‐term wet‐creep response of the GFRP pipes. Two scales of micro and macro are linked through an explicit modeling procedure. An excellent agreement is observed between experimental observations and outputs of the developed modeling procedure.

Highlights

A process is developed to model long‐term creep in composites under wet condition.

Long‐term creep is predicted based on short‐term creep behavior of pure resin.

Long‐term creep on immersed pipe in water under the transverse loading is simulated.

Updating constitutive equations, nonlinear viscoelastic behavior is estimated.

The effect of moisture absorption on the long‐term creep behavior is investigated.
Plant height shapes hydraulic architecture but does not predict metaxylem area under drought in Sorghum bicolor
Authors: Lehrer Melissa A. , Hawkins Jennifer S.
Published: May 2023

Climate change‐induced variations in temperature and precipitation negatively impact plant growth and development. To ensure future food quality and availability, a critical need exists to identify morphological and physiological responses that confer drought tolerance in agro‐economically important crop plants throughout all growth stages. In this study, two Sorghum bicolor accessions that differ in their pre‐flowering responses to drought were exposed to repeated cycles of drying and rewatering. Morphological, physiological, and histological traits were measured across both juvenile and adult developmental stages. Our results demonstrate that plant height is not predictive of metaxylem area but does influence the hydraulic path and water management in an accession‐specific manner. Further, when drought‐responsive changes to the plant architecture are unable to compensate for the hydraulic risk associated with prolonged drought exposure, tight control of stomatal aperture is crucial to further mitigate hydraulic damage and prevent xylem embolism.
Determination of the degree of substitution of cellulose esters via ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy
Authors: Wolfs Jonas , Scheelje F. Clara M. , Matveyeva Olga , Meier Michael A. R.
Published: May 2023

Cellulose derivatives are promising bio‐based polymeric materials with possible applications ranging from thickening agents and stabilizers to optical films. The precise determination of their degree of substitution (DS) is crucial, as the DS substantially influences the material properties of such cellulose derivatives. Herein, the applicability of attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform infrared for DS determination of cellulose esters was investigated. Sixteen cellulose acetates with DS ranging from 0.41 to 2.99 were synthesized and three acetyl group‐specific vibrational signals were evaluated quantitatively in reference to the cellulose anhydroglucose unit vibration ν(CO)AGU. A non‐linear correlation for the absorbance intensity with the DS was observed and the data was fitted based on a newly developed model with correlation coefficients R2 between 0.958 and 0.998, depending on the evaluated signal. This DS determination method is simple and efficient, since it does not need any prederivatization or extensive sample preparation and can furthermore be applied to non‐soluble samples. In order to widen the scope, eight cellulose butyrates, six cellulose laurates and six cellulose benzoates with different DS were synthesized and the DS determination method could be analogously applied to these cellulose esters, but a separate calibration for the different esters was found to be necessary.
Ultrasmall Metal Nanoclusters: Multifunctional Materials Used in Medical Research
Authors: Xin Jingwei , Zou Hongrui , Jiang Yingnan , Zhao Xinyu , Yang Wei , Sun Hui
Published: May 2023

Ultrasmall metal nanoclusters (NCs) have attracted increasing attention due to their unique characteristics, such as ultrasmall size, fascinating physical and chemical properties, and good biocompatibility, which are desirable for biological and other applications. In recent years, multiple types of NCs have been developed, such as gold NCs, silver NCs, platinum NCs, and copper NCs. These NCs not only play important roles in making chemicals and materials, but some NCs are also used in medical research, showing good prospects due to their advantages. This review summarizes the recent advances in NCs research in the medical field, with particular emphasis on tumor treatment, antimicrobial applications, and bioimaging. Finally, the challenges and outlook of metal NCs in nanomedicine are briefly discussed.
Influence of horizontal resolution and complexity of aerosol–cloud interactions on marine stratocumulus and stratocumulus‐to‐cumulus transition in HadGEM3‐GC3.1
Authors: Ekman Annica M. L. , Nygren Eva , Pérez Alejandro Baró , Schwarz Matthias , Svensson Gunilla , Bellouin Nicolas
Published: May 2023

Stratocumulus (Sc) clouds and stratocumulus‐to‐cumulus transitions (SCTs) are challenging to represent in global models and they contribute to a large spread in modeled subtropical cloud feedbacks. We evaluate the impact of increasing the horizontal model resolution (∼135, 60 and 25 km, respectively) and increasing the complexity of the aerosol–cloud interaction parameterization (interactive versus non‐interactive at medium resolution) on springtime subtropical marine Sc properties and SCTs in the atmosphere‐only version of HadGEM3‐GC3.1. No significant impact on the spatial location of the SCT could be found between the different model versions. Increasing horizontal resolution led to small but significant increases in liquid water content and a stronger (more negative) shortwave (SW) cloud radiative effect (CRE), in particular over the southern‐hemisphere Sc regions. However, for two out of the four studied regions, the stronger SW CRE also brought the model outside the range of satellite‐derived values of the SW CRE. Applying non‐interactive aerosols instead of interactive aerosols also led to significantly higher liquid water content and a stronger SW CRE over the southern‐hemisphere Sc regions, while over the northern‐hemisphere Sc regions, a competition between a substantial increase in the cloud droplet number concentration and small changes in the liquid water content resulted in a weaker SW CRE or non‐significant changes. In general, using interactive instead of non‐interactive aerosol–cloud interactions brought the model closer to satellite‐retrieved mean values of the SW CRE. Our results suggest that increasing the horizontal resolution or the complexity of the aerosol–cloud parameterization has a small but statistically significant effect on the SW CRE of marine Sc, in particular over regions with high liquid water content. For these regions, the effect of introducing non‐interactive versus interactive aerosol–cloud interactions is about as large as increasing the horizontal resolution from medium to high.
Efficient Synthesis of Solketal from Glycerol and Acetone Catalyzed by FeCl3 /γ‐Al2O3**
Authors: Zhang Tiantian , Xin Xiulan , Liao Shan , Liu Hongqin , Yu Yang , Xu Baocai
Published: May 2023

The porous spherical alumina (γ‐Al2O3) as catalyst support was prepared by sol‐gel method, and FeCl3/γ‐Al2O3 materials were prepared by impregnation method. The FeCl3/γ‐Al2O3 materials were used as catalyst in the Solketal production process by acetalization of acetone and glycerol, showing considerable catalytic performance. When the molar ratio of glycerol and acetone was 1 : 10, 0.2 mol% FeCl3/γ‐Al2O3 was used as the catalyst, and the reaction was carried out at 25 °C for 30 min, the conversion of glycerol was 99.89 %, the selectivity of Solketal was 98.36 %, and the yield of Solketal reached 98.25 %. The mechanism is due to the spherical γ‐Al2O3 support has high thermal stability, large specific surface area, and rich pore structure, encouraging abundant active sites and high catalytic activity of FeCl3 for the acetalization reaction. Thereafter, the experimental results prove that the prepared FeCl3/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst can be easily recovered and reused many times, indicating its great value for large‐scale research and application in the future.
Investigation of Cardioprotective Activity of Silybin: Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and In Vivo Studies
Authors: Kumar Pasala Praveen , Donakonda Madhuri , Dintakurthi Prasanth S. N. B. K. , Rudrapal Mithun , Gouru Sampath A. , Ruksana Kolla
Published: May 2023

The abundant health benefits of silybin are known to benefit people with myocardial infarction (MI). However, their mechanisms of action are not precise. To address this problem, network pharmacology was used to identify the various components that can be utilized to treat this condition, and an in vivo study was conducted to evaluate the cardioprotective effect in MI rats. Genes associated with silybin and MI targets were extracted, and overlapping genes between silybin‐associated genes and MI targets were identified using Venn diagrams. Using Cytoscape, we built, visualized, and analyzed a network of compounds and genes with pathways. Protein‐protein interaction network (PPI), gene ontology (GO) function enrichment, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes, and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses of the core targets were performed to predict its mechanism. A molecular docking study assessed the affinity between silybin and the top three genes. ECG pattern, serum CK‐MB, LDH, serum and heart tissue antioxidants, SOD and catalase in isoproterenol‐induced MI rats were used to test the cardioprotective effect of silybin. Silybin‐related genes (114) and MI‐related genes (1800) were identified, and 74 genes overlapped, in which the degrees of AKT1, TNF‐α and IL‐6 were higher than those of other targets are the disease target precisely. The enrichment of the gene set‐based indicated that the PI3K‐Akt, TNF‐α, IL‐17, VEGF, and HIF‐1 signaling pathways were significantly involved in the mechanisms of silybin against MI. The QRS complex of the ECG of silybin‐treated MI rats was restored to normal ECG and significantly increased serum (p<0.0001***) and heart tissue (p<0.0001***) SOD and serum (p<0.001**) and heart tissue (p<0.001**) catalase compared to MI rats. This study embodies the complex network relationship of multi‐target and multiple pathways of silybin in the treatment of MI and provides a novel method for further research on the mechanism of silybin. It has been suggested that silybin alleviates the symptoms of MI by improving antioxidant levels through the PI3K‐Akt/HIF‐1 pathway.
An Expedient Synthesis of Functionalized Pyrazole‐Based Aurone Analogs
Authors: Myshko Andrii , Mrug Galyna , Kondratyuk Kostyantyn , Demydchuk Bohdan , Bondarenko Svitlana , Frasinyuk Mykhaylo
Published: May 2023

The efficient methods for the synthesis of pyrazole‐based aurones were developed. It was shown that reaction of benzofuran‐3(2H)‐ones with 1H‐pyrazole‐3(5)/4‐carboxaldehydes or 4‐[(dimethylamino)methylene]‐2,4‐dihydro‐3H‐pyrazol‐3‐ones led to formation of the 2‐pyrazolylmethylene‐1‐benzofuran‐3(2H)‐ones or 2‐[(3(5)‐hydroxy‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)methylene]‐1‐benzofuran‐3(2H)‐ones respectively while the reaction of 2‐[(dimethylamino)methylene]‐1‐benzofuran‐3(2H)‐ones with 1‐methyl‐5‐aminopyrazoles led to formation of 2‐[(5‐amino‐1‐methyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)methylene]‐1‐benzofuran‐3(2H)‐ones and 1‐methyl‐1H‐[1]benzofuro[3,2‐b]pyrazolo[4,3‐e]pyridines as minor products.
Improved Electrochemical Performance of Ni2P2O7 and Mn‐doped Ni2P2O7 Electrode Materials for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Nivetha Somasundaram , Prabahar Subramaniam , Karunakaran Ramasamy Thiyagarajan , Ganth Murugesan Narendhera , Boobalan Thangavelu , Dhinesh Subramanian
Published: May 2023

The development of electrode materials for supercapacitors is really progressive and it still poses a huge challenge for researchers in many aspects. Doping of transition metals is indeed effective method because fast interfacial charge transfer kinetics has demonstrated their potential supercapacitive nature. The present work submits the structural, morphological and electrochemical performances of nickel pyrophosphate (Ni2P2O7) and manganese doped nickel pyrophosphate (Mn‐Ni2P2O7) thin film electrodes synthesized by chemical bath deposition method. The crystal structure of Ni2P2O7 obtained through X‐ray diffraction (XRD) is confirmed to be monoclinic which remains unaltered despite of Mn doping concentration. Morphological studies reveal that crystalline phase of Mn is intimately anchored on the surface of Ni2P2O7 which is beneficial for better charge transfer between transition metal and transition metal phosphates. A specific capacitance value of 603 F/g is obtained for 3 M concentration of Mn doped Ni2P2O7 from galvanostatic charge‐discharge curve at current density 1 A/g. This value is noticeably higher than what is obtained for the pure Ni2P2O7 indicating that Mn doping enhances the electrochemical performance of Ni2P2O7 thin films.
Heavy Metals in Tattoo Inks: Developing an Analytical Methodology for Accessing Customer Safety
Authors: Di Gaudio Francesca , Amorello Diana , Ferrara Marzia , Orecchio Santino , Orecchio Silvia
Published: May 2023

Tattoo inks contains metal salts or different types of coloured organic molecules. To the best of our knowledge, there are few data on the concentration of hazardous metals in tattoo inks sold online or by makeshift hawkers. The aim of this work was to organize an analytical methodology to ensure the simultaneous quantitative determination of 18 elements in a complex matrix, like inks for tattooing, by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. The total concentrations of metals in the 16 analysed tattoo ink samples ranged from 0.060 to 16.9 g kg−1. Zinc is the most present metal in the samples, in fact it is in the range 3.4–13882 mg kg−1. In three of the 16 samples the zinc concentrations exceed those required by legislation (2000 μg g−1). Cr concentration in all cases is higher than allowed (0.5 μg g−1). The weight loss by heating the ink samples to 105 °C and, subsequently, to 550 °C showed that in all cases the volatile component (ethanol, solvents, etc.) varies from 48 (Wh1) to 95 %, while the percentages of the residue at 550 °C ranged from 0 % (BK0) to 47 % (Wh1). Considering values limit, four of analysed samples should not be used by tattoo artists.
Dickdarmerkrankungen in Computertomographie und Magnetresonanztomographie
Authors: Scharitzer Martina , Lampichler Katharina , Popp Sabine , Mang Thomas
Published: May 2023

Hintergrund

Eine frühzeitige Diagnose von luminalen Dickdarmerkrankungen ist von wesentlicher klinischer Bedeutung, um eine rechtzeitige optimierte Therapie beginnen und Komplikationen frühzeitig erkennen zu können.

Ziel der Arbeit

Diese Arbeit soll einen Überblick über den Einsatz radiologischer Methoden bei der Diagnose neoplastischer und entzündlicher luminaler Erkrankungen des Kolons vermitteln. Dabei werden charakteristische morphologische Merkmale diskutiert und gegenübergestellt.

Material und Methoden

Anhand einer ausführlichen Literaturrecherche wird der aktuelle Wissensstand bezüglich der bildgebenden Diagnostik luminaler Pathologien des Dickdarms und ihrer Bedeutung im Patientenmanagement dargestellt.

Ergebnisse

Durch die technologischen Fortschritte in der Bildgebung ist die Diagnose von neoplastischen und entzündlichen Kolonerkrankungen mittels abdominaler Computertomographie (CT) und Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) zum etablierten Standard geworden. Die Bildgebung erfolgt im Rahmen der Erstdiagnose bei klinisch symptomatischen Patienten, zum Ausschluss von Komplikationen, für eine Verlaufsbeurteilung unter Therapie sowie als optionale Screeningmethode bei asymptomatischen Personen.

Diskussion

Die genaue Kenntnis der radiologischen Erscheinungsformen der zahlreichen luminalen Krankheitsbilder, dem typischen Verteilungsmuster und den charakteristischen Darmwandveränderungen sind wesentlich, um die diagnostische Entscheidungsfähigkeit zu verbessern.
Geochemistry of indium in magmatic-hydrothermal tin and sulfide deposits of the Herberton Mineral Field, Australia
Authors: Kumar Avish A. , Sanislav Ioan V. , Cathey Henrietta E. , Dirks Paul H. G. M.
Published: May 2023

The Herberton Mineral Field in Northeast
Australia hosts world class magmatic-hydrothermal Sn–W polymetallic deposits that are enriched in In. The Baal Gammon and Isabel deposits from the Herberton Mineral Field contains early tin, as cassiterite, overprinted by sulfide mineralization as chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, pyrrhotite, and stannite. We investigated the distribution of In in the sulfide ores from these two deposits, calculated the temperature of formation via sphalerite-stannite geothermometer, and deduced the physicochemical conditions favorable for enriching In in this mineralizing environment. The Baal Gammon deposit is dominated by chalcopyrite, with In contained in chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and stannite. The average In concentrations measured by EPMA in chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and stannite are 0.10, 0.68, and 0.92 wt%, respectively. Chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, and sphalerite textures indicate that In incorporation occurred during exsolution from an intermediate solid solution of cubanite composition. The Isabel deposit is dominated by sphalerite associated with galena and contains only minor amounts of chalcopyrite. The average concentration of In in sphalerite from the Isabel deposit is 0.11 wt%. The stannite-sphalerite geothermometer indicates mineralization temperatures of ~ 290 °C at the Baal Gammon deposit, and ~ 307 °C at the Isabel deposit. At these temperatures, the physicochemical modeling suggests that stable In chlorine complexes occur in acidic conditions (pH < 3). These results when combined with the Eh–pH phase model of the sulfide assemblage further constrain the redox conditions during mineralization.
Nutritional status of refugee children living in temporary settlements in Europe and MENA region: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Benjeddi Hanaâ , Kwee Derre , Gruppen Mariken , van der Kuip Martijn , van Hensbroek Michaël Boele , Furth Marceline Tutu-van
Published: May 2023

An estimated 41% of all forcibly displaced people are children [1]. Many of these children may live in refugee camps, under poor conditions, for years. The health status of children when arriving in these camps is often not recorded, nor is there a good insight into the impact of camp life on their health. We systematically reviewed the evidence concerning the nutritional status of children living in refugee camps in the European and Middle East and North Africa (MENA) regions. We searched Pubmed, Embase, and Global Index Medicus. The primary outcome was the prevalence of stunting, and the secondary outcome was the prevalence of wasting and being overweight. Out of 1385 studies identified, 12 studies were selected, covering 7009 children from fourteen different refugee camps in the Europe and MENA region. There was great heterogeneity among the included studies, which showed that there was a pooled prevalence of stunting of 16% (95% confidence interval 9.9–23%, I2 95%, p < 0.01) and of wasting of 4.2% (95% CI 1.82–6.49%, I2 97%, p < 0.01). Anthropometric measurements were done at random points in time during the children’s camp period. However, no study had a longitudinal design, describing the effect of camp life on the nutritional status.

   Conclusion: This review showed that there is a relatively high prevalence of stunting and a low prevalence of wasting among refugee children. However, the nutritional status of children when entering the camp and the effect of camp life on their health is not known. This information is critical in order to inform policymakers and to create awareness concerning the health of the most vulnerable group of refugees.

What is Known:

• Migration is a core determinant of health for children.

• There are risk factors at every stage of a refugee child’s journey that lead to compromised health.

What is New:

• There is a relatively high prevalence of stunting (16%) and a low prevalence of wasting (4.2%) among refugee children living in refugee camps in Europe and the Middle East and North Africa region.
The traits of Autism Spectrum Disorder and bullying victimization in an epidemiological population
Authors: Junttila Maria , Kielinen M. , Jussila K. , Joskitt L. , Mäntymaa M. , Ebeling H. , Mattila M.-L.
Published: May 2023

Autistic children (Autism Spectrum Disorder, ASD) show an increased risk of bullying victimization and often face challenges in communication and peer relationships. However, it is unclear to what extent the amount and quality of ASD traits are associated with bullying victimization. This study examined the association of bullying victimization and ASD traits in an epidemiological population of 8-year-old children (n = 4408) using parent and teacher completed Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaires (ASSQs), both separately and combined. The ASSQ items relating to loneliness and social isolation, lack of co-operating skills, clumsiness and lack of common sense were associated with victimization in the study population. The higher the ASSQ scores, the more the children were victimized: the ASSQ scores increased in parallel with victimization from 0 (0% victimized) to 45 (64% victimized). The victimization rate was 46% in ASD sample, 2% in the total population sample and 2% in the non-ASD population sample. The results enable more targeted means for recognizing potential victimization.
Causality of circular supply chain management in small and medium-sized enterprises using qualitative information: a waste management practices approach in Indonesia
Authors: Tseng Ming-Lang , Li Shu-Xian , Lim Ming K. , Bui Tat-Dat , Yuliyanto Muhamat Ridho , Iranmanesh Mohammad
Published: May 2023

Circular supply chain management (CSCM) is a promising way to achieve economic and environmental sustainability and address the waste problem. However, developing a fully circular supply chain system is costly and time-consuming, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). SMEs need to achieve better CSCM by implementing waste management practices. This study aims to (1) critically validate the hierarchical structure of CSCM for SMEs; (2) identify the causal interrelationships among the attributes; and (3) determine the practical attributes for SME improvement in Indonesia. An approach consisting of the fuzzy Delphi method (FDM), best worse method (BWM), and fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (FDEMATEL) is designed to fulfill the objectives of this study. The results show the hierarchical structure in CSCM implementation that benefit SMEs through performance improvement gains. Waste management practices and circular product design are causal aspects; in particular, waste management practices support SMEs in building CSCM as an alternative. The criteria to provide practical insights for CSCM in Indonesia are eco-design, sustainable product design, green technology, waste treatment capability, and designing for the environment.
A Carboxy-terminal Smarcb1 Point Mutation Induces Hydrocephalus Formation and Affects AP-1 and Neuronal Signalling Pathways in Mice
Authors: Brugmans Aliska K. , Walter Carolin , Moreno Natalia , Göbel Carolin , Holdhof Dörthe , de Faria Flavia W. , Hotfilder Marc , Jeising Daniela , Frühwald Michael C. , Skryabin Boris V. , Rozhdestvensky Timofey S. , Wachsmuth Lydia , Faber Cornelius , Dugas Martin , Varghese Julian , Schüller Ulrich , Albert Thomas K. , Kerl Kornelius
Published: May 2023

The BAF (BRG1/BRM-associated factor) chromatin remodelling complex is essential for the regulation of DNA accessibility and gene expression during neuronal differentiation. Mutations of its core subunit SMARCB1 result in a broad spectrum of pathologies, including aggressive rhabdoid tumours or neurodevelopmental disorders. Other mouse models have addressed the influence of a homo- or heterozygous loss of Smarcb1, yet the impact of specific non-truncating mutations remains poorly understood. Here, we have established a new mouse model for the carboxy-terminal Smarcb1 c.1148del point mutation, which leads to the synthesis of elongated SMARCB1 proteins. We have investigated its impact on brain development in mice using magnetic resonance imaging, histology, and single-cell RNA sequencing. During adolescence, Smarcb11148del/1148del mice demonstrated rather slow weight gain and frequently developed hydrocephalus including enlarged lateral ventricles. In embryonic and neonatal stages, mutant brains did not differ anatomically and histologically from wild-type controls. Single-cell RNA sequencing of brains from newborn mutant mice revealed that a complete brain including all cell types of a physiologic mouse brain is formed despite the SMARCB1 mutation. However, neuronal signalling appeared disturbed in newborn mice, since genes of the AP-1 transcription factor family and neurite outgrowth-related transcripts were downregulated. These findings support the important role of SMARCB1 in neurodevelopment and extend the knowledge of different Smarcb1 mutations and their associated phenotypes.
Armed conflict and academic performance. A spatial approach for Colombia
Authors: Ariza John , Saldarriaga Juan Pablo
Published: May 2023

This paper studies the incidence of the Colombian armed conflict on the academic performance of secondary students at the municipal level for the years 2003 and 2017. By using a General Nesting Spatial model, results suggest the conflict negatively affects academic performance. In 2003, a period of high conflict intensity, terrorist population attacks showed both direct and indirect negative effects on the test scores. In 2017, a period of low intensity, only direct negative effects were reported for the variables of forced displaced people, homicides, and victims of threat.