bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El derecho a la vida y derecho penal internacional: ¿la regulación es coherente?
Authors: Dondé Matute Javier
Published: August 2017

El derecho a la vida es uno de los derechos humanos más importante; ha sido reconocido en todos los tratados de derechos humanos y a nivel nacional; su privación es sancionada penalmente. Sin embargo, en el derecho penal internacional no tiene la misma regulación que en las jurisdicciones nacionales, y tampoco tiene la misma importancia en comparación con otros derechos humanos, como la dignidad humana, el debido proceso y la igualdad racial.
Negociación colectiva y prolongación de la vida activa del trabajador: reflexiones a partir de la experiencia española y francesa
Authors: Elorza Guerrero Fernando
Published: August 2017

La prolongación de la vida activa de los trabajadores de edad avanzada constituye una de las políticas sociales centrales de la Unión Europea en relación con la garantía futura del Estado de bienestar en Europa. En este sentido, el presente artículo constituye una reflexión sobre el papel futuro que la autonomía colectiva, y en definitiva los representantes de los trabajadores y empresarios, ha de desempeñar en esta materia, partiendo de la experiencia existente al respecto en España y Francia. Constatada la existencia de un largo camino por recorrer, particularmente por lo que respecta al desarrollo de dinámicas de negociación intergeneracional, el autor aboga por el desarrollo de prácticas negociadoras integradoras de la actividad laboral de los trabajadores jóvenes y de edad avanzada, que tenga en cuenta los valores positivos que cada colectivo puede aportar al desarrollo de las empresas. No obstante, se considera que la acción de la autonomía colectiva en este ámbito debe acompañarse de un tratamiento legal más específico de la edad avanzada del trabajador, como factor con incidencia en el empleo y la relación de trabajo, que respalde la acción de aquélla.
Obstáculos legales a las inversiones internacionales en Venezuela y política anticorrupción
Authors: Fach Gómez Katia
Published: August 2017

Este artículo comienza presentando datos estadísticos recientes sobre el estado de derecho, las inversiones y la corrupción en Venezuela. A continuación, el trabajo se centra en analizar la Ley venezolana contra la corrupción, de 2014, y desarrolla varios argumentos que pueden conducir a cuestionar los verdaderos objetivos de la norma desde la perspectiva de la inversión internacional. El artículo reflexiona sobre si el actual gobierno venezolano podría usar esta ley anticorrupción en contra de los inversores extranjeros. El cataclismo que actualmente está viviendo Venezuela no trae buenos augurios para las inversiones internacionales.
Incorporación del derecho internacional tributario al derecho nacional; las medidas del plan de acción OCDE/G20 para corregir asimetrías entre legislaciones fiscales
Authors: Mendoza López Doris Teresita
Published: August 2017

El contenido del documento, además de presentar las fuentes del sistema jurídico internacional y los procesos de recepción de éstas en ordenamientos nacionales, expone la influencia de recomendaciones en materia tributaria en el diseño de la legislación fiscal mexicana, elaboradas en el seno de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos; en especial referencia, la incorporación de resultados del proyecto BEPS en la Ley del Impuesto sobre la Renta y su reglamento, así como en el Código Fiscal de la Federación.
Ius globale 3.0: Hacia la reformulación de la capacidad jurídica individual
Authors: Periñán Gómez Bernardo
Published: August 2017

La idea de un derecho global puede considerarse contraria a las particularidades jurídicas de los pueblos y, por esta razón, problemática. Pero podría verse además como la imposición totalitaria de un único modelo jurídico y económico, colectivista, en el que el individuo fuera considerado un mero elemento cuantitativo por los grandes operadores del mercado. Conviene volver sobre ese planteamiento, con la vista puesta en la compatibilidad entre los procesos de globalización jurídica y el valor de la individualidad. En este sentido, el trabajo muestra la oportunidad de un nuevo concepto, el de “personalidad jurídica global”, a fin de responder a las exigencias de la nueva subjetividad jurídica.
El constitucionalismo contemporáneo de América Latina. Breve estudio comparado
Authors: Villabella Armengol Carlos Manuel
Published: August 2017

El presente artículo realiza un análisis del derecho constitucional latinoamericano contemporáneo, caracterizando sus diferentes momentos de acuerdo con la data de las Constituciones. Describe en particular las últimas Constituciones promulgadas en la región, redactadas sobre nuevos patrones y renovadoras de teorías e instituciones. Reflexiona sobre si este derecho constitucional conforma un nuevo canon.
Free Trade on Television: The Triumph of Business Rhetoric
Authors: Block Stephen
Published: August 2017

This paper attempts to unravel the very complex issue of balance first by addressing its historical and theoretical contexts. Then the coverage of the U.S.-Canada Free Trade Agreement (FTA) is used as a case study.
Betrayal and Fear: Press Coverage of Canadian Skinheads
Authors: Forman Murray
Published: August 2017

This paper examines the ways in which skinheads and the press in Canada mutually engage in public strategies to subvert each other’s significatory powers. Arguably, skinheads present a limited challenge to the social mainstream which, like their style, exists primarily on the surface. In analyzing the media response, the discursive containment of subcultural resistance is revealed as news reports retain the social order of the existing institutional structure. As skinheads attempt to draw attention to themselves and to society’s hidden contradictions, the media exploit their spectacularity, transforming it into a saleable news commodity.
Postmodern Rhetorics of Technology: The Montreal Fluoridation Controversy
Authors: Charland Maurice
Published: August 2017

Montreal’s recent controversy over water fluoridation illustrates the challenge to deliberative rhetoric within postmodernity. The dispute ultimately turns on the claim to knowledge of public health officials. No non-controversial meta-narrative stands to legitimate their character and claims. Rhetorical discourse performs the impossible task of rendering the incommensurable to the court of judgment.
Truth, the State, and Democracy: The Scope of the Legal Right of Free Expression
Authors: Adam G. Stuart
Published: August 2017

In democracies, the legal right of freedom of expression is regarded as a “core” right. The author starts with the declaration that it is not sufficiently valued in Canada. He then dissects it to reveal its inner structure and the social and individual interests it represents, and then demonstrates how it fits into the system of rights and powers which constitute the legal structure of society. He concludes by saying in matters of free expression the best State is the limited State.
Camera Access to Courtrooms: Canadian, U.S., and Australian Experiences
Authors: Linton James M.
Published: August 2017

This study briefly outlines the different Canadian, U.S., and Australian experiences with the permitting of camera access to court proceedings. A number of factors are advanced to account for these differences and the main determinant is identified as a nation’s relative emphasis on the values of “free press” and “fair trial.”
Strategic Planning for Issues Management: The Communicator as Environmental Analyst
Authors: Ferguson Sherry Devereaux
Published: August 2017

To cope with an uncertain external environment, organizations are planning strategically for issues management. At the founda- tion of strategic planning is environmental analysis, an increasingly common function of the organizational communicator. This article examines the type of systems and activities that characterize environmental analysis practices in Canadian government communication directorates.
Conditions of their Own Making: An Intellectual History of the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies at the University of Birmingham
Authors: Schulman Norma
Published: August 2017

The focus of this essay is on the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies at the University of Birmingham—its historical context, its organizational difficulties, its activist aspirations, and the tensions that those who participated in its development perceived between its intellectual and political objectives.
Ethnography and Communication: Approaches to Aboriginal Media
Authors: Bredin Marian
Published: August 2017

This article examines anthropological conceptions of culture and difference and assesses the relevance of ethnography to cross-cultural communication research. “Postmodern ethnography” and its limitations are considered and other possible theoretical models are suggested. The article concludes with a critical reading of three ethnographic studies of aboriginal media use in North America and Australia.
“Echoes of a Proud Nation”: Reading Kahnawake’s Powwow as a Post-Oka Text
Authors: Blundell Valda
Published: August 2017

After presenting one history of North American powwows as sites where aesthetic forms are deployed to transform meanings about aboriginal peoples, an analysis is offered of the powwow produced by the Kahnawake Mohawk a year after their involvement in the Oka crisis.
Distinguishing Group and Cultural Influences in Inter-Ethnic Conflict: A Diagnostic Model
Authors: Habke Audrey , Sept Ron
Published: August 2017

This paper examines the issue of inter-ethnic conflict from the dual perspectives of intercultural and intergroup communication. Based on reviews of literature in each of these areas, the paper argues that instances of inter-ethnic conflict tend to be interpreted either as the result of ineffective intercultural communication or as a product of intergroup dynamics, but seldom both. Although it seems natural to suggest that ethnic conflict contains elements of both, there has been little crossing over between the intercultural and intergroup literatures. The current paper presents a framework which considers ethnic conflict as the joint outcome of group and cultural forces, and provides a typology of conflict situations based on the relative importance of group or cultural factors. The model provides a means of identifying distinct combinations of group and cultural factors underlying individual conflicts, and provides the basis for suggesting appropriate strategies for conflict prevention and resolution.
Reflections on Surveillance
Authors: Vitone Philip
Published: August 2017

In contemporary metropolitan Los Angeles, a new species of special enclave is emerging in sympathetic synchrony with the militarization of the landscape. For want of a better term, we might call them “social control districts” [SCDs]. Merging the sanctions of the criminal or civil code with land-use planning, they create what Michel Foucault would undoubtedly have pegged as further instances of the “discip-linary [ sic] order” of the twentieth-century city. —Davis (1993)
Media, Elections, and Democracy: The 1993 Southam Lecture
Authors: Fletcher Frederick J.
Published: August 2017

In reflecting on the work of the Royal Commission on Electoral Reform and Party Financing and the literature on media and elections in Canada, the author argues that election campaigns should be viewed as exercises in communication. In order to make voting a meaningful act of political participation, voters must have access to a wide range of information, not constrained by inequalities of wealth or power. The author suggests directions for research to promote meaningful citizenship.
USA Today, The London Free Press, and the Rationalization of the North American Newspaper Industry
Authors: Berry Shawn
Published: August 2017

USA Today and The London Free Press offer two examples of the increasing rationalization of the North American newspaper industry. From a Weberian perspective, both are more formally rational at the organizational level than conventional newspapers. In addition, they also provide readers with a news product which is more instrumentally rational. Such a news product gives the reader a greater role in creating a sense of meaning out of the day’s news. However, the move towards a more reader-centred news product diminishes the reporter’s ability to provide subtextual commentary on the issues, people or events being covered. Furthermore, highly rationalized news formats contribute to the perception that newspapers can provide an impartial treatment of the subjects addressed in their pages.
Intertextuality in Advertising Music on the Radio: The Case of CFOX-FM
Authors: Spalding Eric
Published: August 2017

Advertising, because it needs to make an immediate impact on the listener, has to rely to a great extent on beliefs and attitudes that the listener already has (Schwartz, 1974, p. 25). In other words, effective advertising is intertextual. An intertextual approach involves examining how a given text alludes to and incorporates various other texts. (On the need to study popular culture intertextually, see Fiske, 1989, pp. 123-127.) In this essay, I want to focus on music in radio ads to examine how advertisers use music’s evocative capacities to attract their listeners. To accomplish this objective, I have chosen a six-hour excerpt from CFOX-FM, an album-oriented rock station that is among the more popular stations in Greater Vancouver. The excerpt was taken between 6:30 a.m. and 9:30 a.m. on Monday, July 31, 1989, and Wednesday, August 2, 1989.
Cultural Industries Policy: Objectives, Formulation, and Evaluation
Authors: Audley Paul
Published: August 2017

This paper reviews the literature on Canadian public policies affecting magazines, books, sound recordings, films and video productions, and radio and television broadcasting focusing on the themes of “cultural development” and “open economy.” The author’s premises are that the primary significance of cultural works is social, cultural, and political. A positive cultural climate provides opportunities for talented individuals to create works of the imagination that develop a body of shared knowledge which provides communities and nations with a collective memory. When made widely available, cultural works allow for current realities to be explored, reflected, debated, and contested, thereby laying secure foundations for independence and democracy. In the body of the paper the author considers the importance of historical perspective, the connection between chosen frameworks for policy analysis and resulting policy measures, and the critical need for precisely stated and explicitly analyzed policy goals. It identifies current information shortfalls for sound policy development, and suggests a more focused approach for further research.
The Environment in which Cultural Industries Operate and Some Implications
Authors: Hoskins Colin
Published: August 2017

In this paper we argue that the performance and actions of companies in the cultural industries can only be understood in the context of the environment in which the industries operate. We examine the microeconomic environment, the regulatory environment, the technological environment, and the global competitive environment of the cultural industries and consider some of the implications for public policy and for the conduct and competitive strategies of companies. The approach adopted is to identify the major issues, provide a state-of-the-art review of the literature, and identify where additional research is needed. The argument is made that economic analysis of the environment is essential to an understanding of the conduct of companies in cultural industries. Such economic analysis permits explanation of, for example, how companies are likely to respond to changes in the external environment, why products of the cultural industries are traded extensively, why the U.S. dominates that trade, and why some particular business strategies are increasingly important. We argue that economic analysis is a prerequisite to sound public policy formulation because companies tend to respond to regulations according to their economic interests.
International Regimes for Trade, Investment, and Labour Mobility in the Cultural Industries
Authors: Acheson Keith
Published: August 2017

International trade, investment, and the movement of technical and professional personnel are very important to the cultural industries. A set of bilateral co-production treaties impose strict financing, expenditure, and nationality of personnel restrictions for film and television projects that qualify for national treatment with respect to broadcast quotas and for subsidized finance from government lending agencies or tax shelters. In addition, a number of multilateral, regional, and industry-specific regimes establish general rules and procedures that govern these international transactions. We examine the success of these treaties and their probable future. Historically, the GATT concentrated on trade in goods and only with the successful termination of the Uruguay Round negotiations have the members committed to extensive rules governing trade in services. In doing so, the GATT incorporated many features of the integration of trade in services that had occurred in NAFTA and the FTA. We explore the effect on the cultural industries of the commitments to the most-favoured-nation (MFN), national treatment, and market access clauses combined with the exemptions and reservations made by Canada. Since trade in the cultural industries involves both goods and services, strong commitments not to impose conditions on investment undertaken in the trade-related investment measures of the goods section of GATT could also impact on these industries. Co-production treaties have been exempted from the MFN clause in GATT, but the exemption will lapse in 10 years. We anticipate that in the future the co-production treaties will be phased out and replaced with an industry-specific chapter in a future negotiation under the new World Trade Organization.
Copyright and Related Rights: The International Dimension
Authors: Acheson Keith
Published: August 2017

Copyright is the body of law on which the distribution of cultural products depends. The environment for international marketing depends on the joint effect of a mosaic of national copyright laws. An important aspect of recent international initiatives has been the detailed integration of copyright and trade into the NAFTA and the GATT. We discuss these agreements and conclude with an analysis of three issues of current importance in international copyright—moral rights, direct broadcast satellites, and public performance rights for performers and record producers.
Rethinking the Social Role of the Media in a Society in Transition
Authors: Manaev Oleg
Published: August 2017

This article examines the process of rethinking the social role of mass media in a transitional society through analysis of its understanding by the main actors of mass communication in post-communist Belarus—Power, Media, and Public. Based on the results of various recent surveys and within the framework of conceptions of media as a “fourth estate” and as a guarantor of “participatory democracy,” its author argues that free enterprise is the most efficient mechanism of this process.
The New Media Landscape in Bulgaria
Authors: Bakardjieva Maria
Published: August 2017

This article situates the dynamics of the mass media transformations in post-totalitarian Bulgaria in the context of the political and economic conditions specific to the country. After an initial period of proliferation of numerous party and independent publications, the highly liberalized press market has entered a process of concentration. The political parties represented in parliament have established themselves as the only decision-making authority as far as the functioning of the national radio and television institutions and licensing of private broadcasters are concerned.
Computers and Reporters: Newsroom Practices at Two Canadian Daily Newspapers
Authors: McKercher Catherine
Published: August 2017

Despite a massive increase in the range of technologies available in the last few years, most reporters at two newsrooms studied still tend to use computers to perform traditional functions. They use electronic clipping files to collect background information, and terminals to write stories. Small numbers are beginning to explore using computers for newer functions, such as communication, organization of databases, and data analysis. But reporters are far from being what one writer calls “technojournalists.”
The New Parochialism: The Triumph of the Populist in the Flow of International Television
Authors: Tracey Michael , Redal Wendy W.
Published: August 2017

This article examines the flow of international television and draws on a variety of sources. It argues that traditional concepts of the patterns of distribution of international television are in need of revision and that what one is witnessing as television expands is nevertheless a parochialism that has long characterized the preferences of audiences. Patterns of Canadian television viewing are employed as a somewhat paradoxical case study to support the thesis.
Media, Markets, and Identities: Reflections on the Global-Local Dialectic: The 1994 Southam Lecture
Authors: Ferguson Marjorie
Published: August 2017

Contrary to views of globalism as a totalizing process, the argument is made that national economic interests are driving local and global audiovisual trade policies, oftimes at the expense of legitimate cultural concerns. The article’s first part reflects on some conceptual and theoretical questions raised by these developments; the second traces global-local media discourse through a comparison of national (and regional) responses to foreign satellite television programs in Canada, Europe, and South East Asia.
Electronic Surveillance in the Workplace
Authors: Bryant Susan
Published: August 2017

A consideration of some of the existing theoretical approaches for understanding surveillance in the workplace is provided with a particular emphasis on the qualitative changes in the nature of monitoring which occur when electronic means are utilized. The current state of Canadian legislation and union positions on electronic surveillance are presented briefly in order to draw attention to the need for further theoretical and practical attention to this issue.
Negotiating International Communications: Structure and Infrastructure
Authors: Murphy Paula M.
Published: August 2017

Negotiations in international telecommunications policy are characterized by a myriad of structures as well as new emerging actors ranging from bilateral framework talks between nation states and corporations, plurilateral and regional talks by the Group of Seven or Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries, as well as multilaterally at the International Telecommunication Union and within the World Trade Organization (former GATT) context. This paper highlights particular developments within the World Trade Organization in the area of telecommunications services while underscoring their relevance to the concept of “universal service.” A further effort is made to examine the nature of competition as well as to draw attention to the need to re-think the decision-making structures within the international telecommunications regime if we are to achieve the purported goal of a truly “Global Information Infrastructure.”
Violations: The Boys of St. Vincent
Authors: Sloniowski Jeannette
Published: August 2017

This paper analyzes The Boys of St. Vincent in the context of the conventions of the American made-for-television movie. It begins with a review of some of the critical literature, from both British and American sources, which has defined the genre. The author then offers a close analysis of The Boys of St. Vincent, and in the end assesses its social progressiveness using criteria developed by John Caughie and other British critics working for Screen in the 1980s. The author ultimately argues that The Boys of St. Vincent, because it significantly disrupts the conventions of the American telefeature, can be seen as politically progressive. These disruptions include a potent systemic critique of church and state, a critical and highly controversial examination of pedophilia, and a disruption of the visual conventions of the American form.
Push-button Populism: The Reform Party and the Real World of Teledemocracy
Authors: Barney Darin David
Published: August 2017

The past decade in Canadian politics has been marked by a growth in citizen dissatisfaction with traditional methods of political representation and the development of sophisticated communications technologies promising increased grass-roots participation in policymaking. In a series of recent teledemocratic exercises, the Reform Party of Canada has positioned itself at the centre of these trends. This paper examines the democratic quality of Reform’s use of these technologies to date and suggests that a performative analysis of these events reveals their deeper ideological character. Finally, it is argued that a performative focus on their deliberative potential might help to inform a more robust democratic application of these technologies.
Production, Content, and Uses of Bestselling Books in Quebec
Authors: Martin Claude
Published: August 2017

This paper aims to show the links between production, content, and audience for bestselling books in Quebec. It integrates communicational, literary, sociological, and economic methodologies. The study found that the bestseller market for books sold in French in Quebec is divided among books from the U.S., France, and Quebec. Quebec’s authors and publishers get a share of approximately 40% of the market. Content of bestselling fiction and biographies can be characterized as having a storyline typically built around a struggle for social success. Bestsellers reach nearly half of the population. Women and people with a college education are typical readers of bestsellers. Psychological realism is a strong element in the definition of a “good book.”
Public Opinion: Construction and Persuasion
Authors: Gingras Anne-Marie
Published: August 2017

This paper reports on a study of journalists’ conceptions of public opinion. It is based on interviews conducted with 26 journalists working in Montreal, Quebec City, and Ottawa. Public opinion is fraught with ambiguity in daily life as well as scholarly debate. The very same ambiguity was reflected in the journalists’ responses. Some of them gave simultaneously contradictory definitions of public opinion, which can be explained by the concept of “doublethink.” For the most part, public opinion is not conceived of as the aggregate of individual opinions on a public interest issue. Rather, it is thought of as a social construction and political persuasion plays a major role in its definition.
Gendered Evaluation Responses to Experiential Learning as an Adjunct to a Basic Communication Skills Course
Authors: Rolls Judith A.
Published: August 2017

The author examined gendered evaluation responses to experiential learning in terms of how students rated the overall experience, responded to experiential learning, and responded to experiential learning facilitators. An analysis of evaluation forms indicated no difference in the overall rating of the experience. In responses to the experiential learning context, females noted receiving encouragement and claimed communication apprehension reduction. Regarding experiential learning facilitators, males focused on instructional competence and individual practices while females noted facilitators’ knowledge and their easy-going natures. The facilitator’ s sex did not influence responses. The findings underscore the importance of personnel in creating gender-sensitive experiential learning contexts that offer a “warm climate” for both men and women.
Network Access Skills and Equity in the Workplace: Polarization in Social Policy
Authors: Symons Frank Stuart
Published: August 2017

In the area of social policy for information highways, conflicting positions on access and equity in the workplace emerge as workers learn how to exploit new, network-supported social realities on both private and public networks. A growing cleavage between an elite type of user of electronic space and an electronic-worker underclass highlights threats to unprotected information workers in the absence of legislated or guideline-based solutions. What does this imply in terms of the future direction of policy as the costs of Internet access fall and Internet “appliances” proliferate, that is, as the Internet becomes a consumer’s medium like television? Will the special skills of the “cognitive elite” become articulated exclusively to that type of worker? Can government action alleviate the exploitation of one group of worker by another when endless variations in tactics and forms of social exploitation reproduce themselves in electronic forms within and between organizational networks?
Canadian Telecommunications: A History and Political Economy of Media Reconvergence
Authors: Winseck Dwayne
Published: August 2017

This paper discusses key concepts in telecommunications policy: common carriage, natural monopoly, universal service, and price setting. Three crucial points are made. First, in light of historical practices that created and sustained boundaries between the media industries, contemporary trends toward reconvergence need to be seen, mainly, as a consequence of economic, legal, and political factors -- not technology. Second, the governing discourse of telecommunications policy should not be regulation /deregulation, but about whether policies prevent, permit, or promote reconvergence and broadband telecommunications. Third, the choice of the latter strategy by the CRTC as well as broader trends in telecommunications have propelled media politics to a new high-water mark as telecommunications companies (telcos) increasingly obtain the ability to claim media freedoms under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The paper also argues that there are grounds for the telcos to claim such rights on a de facto basis through NAFTA and WTO provisions that prevent the regulation of enhanced services. The key question in this respect is how can the CRTC distinguish between, for example, a broadcast signal (which it would like to apply cultural policies to) and on-line services (which they cannot regulate) when all information is digitized and sent down the same pipe? Answers to such questions are urgently needed before telcos usurp the democratic rights of citizenship associated with the nascent “electronic free press.”
A Q Methodology Study of Media and Ideology Orientations: Exploring Medium Theory, Critical Theory and Cultural Studies
Authors: Grosswiler Paul
Published: August 2017

This study explores the debate among communication theorists about whether dominant typographic and electronic media forms are accompanied by distinct worldviews. Using Q methodology to approach media and ideology orientations subjectively, the study suggests that electronic media are preferred within a typographic ideology. Two electronic media factors, two mixed factors, and one slightly typographic media factor emerged in the preferences of a group of university students. By contrast, two typographic ideology factors, a conflicted factor, and one underlying electronic factor emerged in the students’ ideological orientations. Taken together, the electronic media factors tended to reflect the dominant ideology of typographic culture. Electronic ideology, on the other hand, was associated slightly more with typographic and mixed media factors.
After Scholarship: Making Information Actionable
Authors: Lamb Roberta
Published: August 2017

Discussions about scholarly communication and digital library implementations often assume academic contexts of use. However, the information technologies that comprise such systems will also be available to corporate consumers, government organizations, and individuals. In order to make scholarly communication actionable by these non-academics, we need to know how they use current publications in their daily work. This study examines that use, and its findings raise two related issues: that researchers in academia, industry, and government place very different, yet equally legitimate, requirements on a scholarly communication system, and that technological choices about scholarly communication systems may be narrowing around particular forms and formats.
Consumer Issues and the Scholarly Journal
Authors: Warkentin Erwin
Published: August 2017

This paper discusses the new electronic approach to scholarly publishing from the perspective of the consumer. Based on a survey of Germanists in Canada, it suggests that while most scholars are receptive to electronic journals, the majority give them only qualified support. The main stumbling block is the perception that e-journals publish what paper journals won’t. At the heart of the problem is the perception that electronic publications do not undergo a rigorous refereeing process. The paper makes recommendations that will enhance the credibility of the electronic medium while it is still in its infancy.
Electronic Publishing in Science: Reality Check
Authors: Holmes Aldyth
Published: August 2017

The role of the primary publisher in the changing context of today’s scholarly communication is explored in the face of the electronic publishing debate. NRC Research Press’s experience provides practical data by examining the costs of implementing electronic versions of Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences and the Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Data on early patterns of use, some associated outcomes, and a comparison of information from other scholarly publishers are presented. It is concluded that electronic journals are not significantly less expensive to produce than paper publications. The relative merits of various methods for recovering costs in an electronic environment are compared in order to identify and address specific problems.
Here there Be Tygers: Profit, Non-profit, and Loss in the Age of Disintermediation
Authors: Jensen Michael
Published: August 2017

Scholarly publishing and access to high-quality information may in fact be threatened, rather than improved, by the revolution in communications, particularly in a fully commercial Internet. The effects of the political revolution in Eastern Europe on scholarship and quality publishing are used as a touchstone of the dangers that occur when naïve revolutionaries make swift changes without fully recognizing the impact upon delicately balanced social institutions such as non-profit organizations.
On-line Journal Publication: Two Views from the Electronic Trenches
Authors: Borwein Jonothan , Smith Richard
Published: August 2017

Scholars are using new technology to communicate more widely, more efficiently, and more quickly than ever before. The authors report on their experiences at several scholarly publications, including the Canadian Journal of Communication, the Canadian Mathematical Bulletin, and the Canadian Journal of Mathematics, during the adoption and deployment of new electronic media. The authors draw on first-hand experience in creating these Web-based journals and provide insight into the technical, commercial, administrative, and scholarly implications of such a move. The paper concludes with a discussion of a paradox in the move to electronic publication and of a possible solution.
And What About Students?: The Forgotten Role of Students in the Scholarly Communication Debate
Authors: Nimijean Richard
Published: August 2017

This paper has two major goals: to explain why students matter in the scholarly communication debate and to explore the student’s role in selected issues surrounding that debate. Students, often neglected in the scholarly communication literature, have a potentially significant role in the evolution of the system, both politically and culturally. Academic and government decision-makers will need to address student-related issues as part of their strategic planning.
A Prognosis for Continued Disarray in Electronic Scholarly Communication
Authors: Newby George B.
Published: August 2017

Activities scholars undertake to be viewed as productive and tenurable (publication in traditional media) are out of sync with the activities they must engage it to be well informed and well connected (participation in electronic communication forums). This work examines the challenges and provides a time line for the legitimization, codification, organization, and general maturation of electronic scholarly publishing. It is anticipated that the role of relatively unstructured, uncontrolled, and informal electronic scholarly communication will be of continued importance, yet will largely remain independent of efforts to create standards and protocols for electronic books, journals, and other transformed traditional media.
Scholarly Communication in the Next Millennium: The Policy Agenda and Some Afterthoughts
Authors: Lorimer Rowland , Gilbert John H.V. , Patrick Ruth J.
Published: August 2017

This paper is a compilation of the principles, policy priorities, and actions recommended for consideration by the participants in the March 1997 Scholarly Communication in the Next Millennium (SCNM) conference. These considerations and recommendations are directed at a wide range of interested parties including universities, research-granting councils, national bodies of universities, librarians and scholars, and governments and their agencies. The paper includes a number of afterthoughts developed by the editors of this selected proceedings.
From Public Resource to Industry’s Instrument: Reshaping the Production of Knowledge in Canada’s Universities
Authors: Polster Claire
Published: August 2017

The ongoing subordination of academic research to the needs of industry is a matter of growing concern to people both within and outside of Canada’s universities. However, while the costs of university/industry links are increasingly well understood, the ways in which these links are being accomplished as a practical matter are not. This paper explores the complex reorganizational process in and through which control over our universities’ research resources is being progressively ceded to industry. Its main focus is on how recent federal activities related to academic research both contribute and respond to this transformation. The analysis reveals how the benefits and use of our universities’ research resources are being privatized, while the costs of academic research are still largely borne by the Canadian public. The implications of the new politics of university research, particularly for strategies to resist the conversion of academic research from a public resource to industry’s private instrument, are addressed in the paper’s final section.
Millennium Blues: The 1997 Southam Lecture
Authors: Sauvageau Florian
Published: August 2017

This presentation addresses the problems of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), situating them within the broader framework of the decline of public service, that is, both the concept of public service and the institutions which embody it. Using the CBC as an example -- and interpreting it in terms of the movement towards globalization -- this paper analyzes the mechanisms which lead to the dismantling of national public services. Finally, beyond the bureaucratic solutions too often imposed, it proposes some avenues of reform for public television and for public service in general, whose adaptation to the changing reality is essential to its credibility.
Below the Hamelin Line: CKRZ and Aboriginal Cultural Survival
Authors: Fairchild Charles
Published: August 2017

CKRZ, a community radio station serving the Six Nations and New Credit Nations in Southwestern Ontario, is examined here as one of a number of strategies of cultural survival for those it serves. By providing local control over and access to communicative resources and important information, CKRZ is an important community institution. In a detailed examination of the evolution and development of CKRZ, through the collection and analysis of a variety of qualitative and ethnographic data and evidence, I argue that CKRZ has fulfilled its social functions and roles in a very divided and factionalized community by remaining open to the participation of all residents regardless of their chosen affiliations and by not identifying too completely with any specific interests or segments of the community.
Invoking Public Support for Public Broadcasting: The Aird Commission Revisited
Authors: Gasher Mike
Published: August 2017

This paper tests the Aird Commission’s claims to speak on behalf of the Canadian public in its landmark 1929 report against the public interventions on file in the National Archives of Canada. Its specific claims concerned radio’s educational component, wavelength allotment, advertising, Canadian content, and state ownership. The paper reveals the extent to which the public interventions were inconclusive on the specific question of radio’s nationalization. The paper argues that the Aird commissioners used the public hearings to legitimize their own commitment to a national, publicly owned broadcast system by depicting public opinion in its final report as consensual when in fact there was considerable division among interveners.
McLuhan: Where Did He Come From, Where Did He Disappear?
Authors: Katz Ruth , Katz Elihu
Published: August 2017

Writings by and about McLuhan trace his interest in the comparative study of media to his literary training at Cambridge in the 1930s which was occupied with the aesthetics of sight and sound and the predominance of representational forms over the content represented. This paper puzzles over the lack of reference — by McLuhan, his mentors, and his critics — to an earlier group of British thinkers (from Shaftesbury to Adam Smith) who deliberated over the differences among the arts. Their treatises on how the mind processes visual and auditory information remarkably foreshadow McLuhan’s assertion that the media constrain how we think and feel. Present-day debate over the effects of new media technology, as well as current theories of reception, reflect McLuhan’s stimulating (though exasperating) insights. His footprints also point to cognitive science and, of course, to globalism.
Harold Innis’ Excavation of Modernity: The Newspaper Industry, Communications, and the Decline of Public Life
Authors: Buxton William J.
Published: August 2017

In most discussions of Harold Innis’ work on communications, his contributions have been treated as those of a general media theorist. His analyses of particular media are commonly viewed simply as instances of his broader account of how space- and time-binding media serve to bias societies and civilizations. This paper argues that Innis’ generalizations about media derived, in fact, from his examination of how a particular cluster of media — namely, printing and publishing, with particular reference to newspapers — was linked to the onset of modernity. These concerns were evident in his magisterial unpublished manuscript, History of Communication. Drawing on its periodization and overarching themes, this paper examines Innis’ account of the newspaper industry as it developed between the American Revolution and the mid-point of the twentieth century. The historical trajectory that Innis traces, it is argued, reveals the specific concerns about printing and modernity that underpinned his general reflections about time- and space-binding communications.
The Coverage of the Vietnam War in an Organizational Context: The ABC and CBC Experience
Authors: Petersen Neville
Published: August 2017

The Vietnam War occurred at a time of considerable internal disputation over the role and nature of news within the Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC) and the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) which had its origins in the competing and contrasting values of two groups of professional journalists. In both organizations the traditional criteria for defining and reporting news came under challenge from the new and apparently less constrained field of television current affairs. Each vied for organizational priority. In important respects this mirrored the breakdown in journalistic consensus which was occurring in liberal democratic societies worldwide over attitudes to authority and official sources and reporting of widespread social protest. The period of “high modernism” in journalism was ending. This paper examines aspects of the coverage of Vietnam by the ABC and CBC within this organizational climate.
Imaging Canada: The Singing Mountie and Other Commodifications of Nation
Authors: Gittings Christopher
Published: August 2017

The trajectory of the Mountie as an authoritarian and authenticating sign in narratives of Canada may be organized around at least three categories: the material history of the Mountie as an agent of a globally British and locally Canadian imperialism, the celebratory romanticization of that history, and parodic interventions into this myth making. The essay traces this trajectory to consider the political ramifications for translating the Canadian state police into cinematic and televisual commodities that stand in for nation.
Graham Spry and the Future of Public Broadcasting: The 1997 Spry Memorial Lecture
Authors: McChesney Robert W.
Published: August 2017

Public broadcasting systems are in retreat across the planet. With the rise of multi-channel television systems and the Internet, many argue that public broadcasting is no longer necessary. I argue in this article that these arguments are wrong, and are based upon an inaccurate view of how and why public broadcasting developed as it did. In this article I chronicle the activities and arguments of Graham Spry and the other public broadcasting organizers in Canada in the 1930s, and their relationship with like-minded U.S. reformers who were engaged in a similar struggle at the same time. These advocates of public broadcasting saw it as a key aspect of a democratic society. In my view, this history sheds necessary light on the current dilemma concerning public broadcasting, and points the way toward a superior resolution to the current crisis.
International Joint Ventures in the Production of Australian Feature Films and Television Programs
Authors: Hoskins Colin , McFadyen Stuart , Finn Adam
Published: August 2017

A survey of television and film producers in Australia was undertaken to examine the ranking of benefits, drawbacks, and performance experienced in international co-productions /co-ventures. From this survey, it was found that financial pooling is the most important benefit while increased co-ordination costs are the greatest drawback. In this paper, the perceptions of benefits and drawbacks reported by Australian respondents are compared with those of respondents to similar surveys conducted in Canada and are found to be remarkably similar. Australian producers, however, reported better international co-production performance than their Canadian counterparts.
Public Life in the Era of Communicative Abundance
Authors: Keane John
Published: August 2017

Modern communications media since the invention of the printing press have been dominated by images of scarcity. In contrast, the emergence of a new galaxy of communications marked by the (potential) integration of text, sounds, and images, interacting in the same system from multiple user points, in chosen time (real or delayed) within a modularized and ultimately global network that is affordable and accessible, is now stimulating the growth of images of abundance which, it is argued, is unstable, even self-contradictory. Communicative abundance prevents communicative abundance.