bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Opportunities and barriers regarding the development of selected methods for obtaining hydrogen from bioethanol
Authors: Turlej Anna , Skolniak Marta
Published: April 2019

The development of the commercial air carriers market causes an increase in the aviation fuel consumption and the air pollution. There are intensive works in order to invent the possibility of supplying the aviation engines with biofuels. The hydrogen gas is needed for technological processes to obtain the synthetic biocomponents from biomass, which met the quality standards for fuels and aviation fuels. Pure hydrogen gas is scarce in the Earth’s atmosphere and has to be derived from petroleum products. Its acquisition currently requires the processing of petroleum-based matter. The whole world is looking for easy, cheap and safe ways of producing hydrogen from a variety of renewable raw materials, that are an alternative to fossil fuels. The article shows the technological potential of experimental methods for hydrogen production from ethanol produced from biodegradable waste, which is widely considered as a renewable and environmentally friendly resource.
Critical physicochemical properties of lubricating oils for aviation applications and their significance in terms of flight safety
Authors: Skolniak Marta , Turlej Anna
Published: April 2019

The article presents the role of lubricating oils for aviation applications, along with their classification, and discusses the key physicochemical properties. It characterises engine, transmission gear, hydraulic and instrumentation oils and their impact on a device operational reliability. It also points out the requirements for these products in relation to the operating conditions and the chemical composition of a product.
Electrical supply of aircraft during parking
Authors: Fiszer Roman , Matuszczak Zbigniew , Jakubowski Hubert , Jaskowiak Sebastian
Published: April 2019

The elaboration discusses selected aspects of parking supply of aircraft with electricity generated by mobile, airfield sources. In terms of sublime electrical and electronic systems, as well as avionic systems installed on-board of contemporary aircraft, the quality of electricity supplied by ground sources results in their manufacturers facing with high requirements that are contained in relevant standards and regulations. The quality of electricity generated by ground sources and their compatibility have a direct impact, among others, on the calibration of aircraft avionics systems during the ground flight preparation, which directly contributes to the safety of air operations. Therefore, the possibility of constant real-time monitoring of the supplied electricity (specific parameters) enabling immediate identification, recording, adjusting the deviations, hence, preventing damage or improper preparation of an aircraft for flight, becomes a non-trivial issue.
The Millennials’ Effect: How Can Their Personal Values Shape the Future Business Environment of Industry 4.0?
Authors: Črešnar Rok , Jevšenak Senta
Published: April 2019

The main purpose of this paper is to assess a possible impact millennials will have on the future business environment of Industry 4.0, based on their personal value orientations. Millennials are taking over important roles in organizations, but their personal values are significantly different from those of older generations. This paper shows that, based on the Schwartz’s value survey with N=371 Slovenian respondents, millennials are in general more inclined toward values connected to personal growth and freedom from anxiety, emphasizing self-transcendence and openness to change, than toward self-protection and anxiety avoidance, understating conservation and self-enhancement values. These cognitions can have significant implications in shaping the future business environment of Industry 4.0, as it can become more open, understanding, collaborative, accepting, and generally more supporting, thus creating the evident millennials’ effect. Even though millennials are in general well prepared for the future business environment, organizations will have to, in order to retain the millennials, reshape their current organizational environment to better reflect the millennials’ views.
Mapping Sport for Development and Peace as Bourdieu’s Field
Authors: Bardocz-Bencsik Mariann , Doczi Tamas
Published: April 2019

Over the past two decades, there has been a growing interest in the use of sport and other forms of physical activity to reach development goals and to support peace-building and peace-keeping processes. The sport for development and peace (SDP) sector is continuously growing in terms of the types of stakeholders involved and the number of projects implemented.

This paper examines the SDP sector using Bourdieu’s field theory and his concept of habitus and capital. For this, a qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews with 10 people involved in SDP was used. Their perception of the stakeholders in the field and the connections between them are analyzed through the lens of field theory. The analysis particularly focuses on the perceived role of the former United Nations Office of Sport for Development and Peace (UNOSDP), which was closed during the data analysis.
A Narrative Review of Children’s Movement Competence Research 1997-2017
Authors: Pill Shane , Harvey Stephen
Published: April 2019

This paper reviews empirical research exploring primary/elementary school aged children movement competence assessment over the twenty year period, 1997-2017. The review occurs within the context of a recent global report into children’s physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and movement competence revealing many children reach adolescence with poor movement competence attainment. A qualitative, narrative review of this extant literature on children’s movement competence research was undertaken. Themes were interpretatively drawn from an examination of the summaries. The number of different test types and protocols used in this field of research complicates the comparison of findings and outcomes of the research. The most common reported upon factor in movement competence was gender. Evidence of an association between movement competence, physical activity intensity and habitual physical activity was found. The sameness of the findings over the past twenty years leads us to suggest that new and novel research methods would enhance understanding in this area, particularly with regards to programs that are successful in moving more children towards movement competence benchmarks.
Assessing Relationships between Land Use Changes and the Development of a Road Network in the Hodonín Region (Czech Republic)
Authors: Jedlička Jiří , Havlíček Marek , Dostál Ivo , Huzlík Jiří , Skokanová Hana
Published: April 2019

The paper assesses the development of land use and a road network from 1836 to 2016 in the Hodonín region (Czech Republic). The aim of the article is to verify relationship between the road construction and land use changes in their vicinity. The intensity of land use change processes between adjacent periods was calculated at various distances from roads. ESRI’s geographic information systems and geostatistics were used. This helped in assessing significance of impact of road vicinity on land use changes. The time interval of periods for comparison varied between 25 and 80 years due to availability of historical sources. In each period about 20% of the region was affected by land use changes. After the roads were built, there was an increase in the intensity of land use changes in their vicinity. It has been proofed that presence of a road can be considered one of the driving forces of long-term land use changes in this region. This so-called technological driving force impacted mainly urbanisation and other anthropogenic processes, agricultural intensification and grassing. Its significance is gradually increasing due to urbanisation, industrialisation, motorization and the rising mobility. Our results from the Hodonín region indicate that urbanisation and other anthropogenic processes have the closest relationship with the distance from major roads.
Language and Argument: a Review of the Field
Authors: Hinton Martin
Published: April 2019

This paper has a dual purpose: it both seeks to introduce the other works in this issue by illustrating how they are related to the field of argumentation as a whole, and to make clear the tremendous range of research currently being carried out by argumentation theorists which is concerned with the interaction and inter-reliance of language and argument. After a brief introduction to the development of the field of argumentation, as many as eight language-based approaches to the study of argument are identified, taking as their perspective: rhetoric, argument structure, argument as act, discourse analysis, corpus methods, emotive argument, and narrative argument. The conclusion makes it clear that these branches of study are all themselves interconnected and that it is the fusion of methodologies and theory from linguistics and the philosophical study of argument which lends this area of research its dynamism.
LINGUISTIC MARKERS OF THE CHARACTER AS THE OBJECT OF THE AUTHOR’S EMPATHY
Authors: Tunitskaya E. L.
Published: April 2019

From a pragmatic point of view, literary text has a specifc nature since the dialogue between the author and the addressees (the readers) is rarely conducted directly. Te writer creates a fctional world, where the characters enter into a dialogue not only with one another, but also, in a more implicit form - with the author and the reader. Te author himself can stand on the position of one of the characters, observing the situation from his point of view. Tis character, therefore, is the possessor of author’s empathy. Tere is a number of linguistic indicators of the narrative acting as markers of the position of the speaker. Among the leading ones are spatial and temporal deictic words, orienting the narration in the coordinates «me-here-now». In this article, on specifc examples taken from the works of the French authors of the XX-XXI centuries, the functioning of deixis reveals the positions of the character, a carrier/possessor of author’s empathy. Te article emphasizes the complexity and variety of the relationships between the author and his fctional character, which are reﬂected on the linguistic level. Te research is of interest for specialists and future philologists who study linguistic pragmatics, stylistics and analysis of the literary text.
PECULIARITIES OF TRANSLATION AND INTERPRETATION OF LACUNAS IN THE UN DISCOURSE
Authors: Egorova О. A. , Pogonina A. A.
Published: April 2019

Te article reviews the peculiarities of translation and interpretation of lacunas in the UN discourse and enumerates methods of their elimination in line with the UN discourse restrictions. Te article oﬀers recommendations and practical advice to interpreters and translators. It highlights the connection between lacunas, terms, professionalisms, neologisms and loanwords in the UN discourse. Te article provides a classifcation of UN lacunas and the ways of eliminating them. Te research is conducted within the classical theory of translation. Te paper concludes that the peculiarities of the UN discourse defne the specifc features of UN lacunas and methods of their elimination in translation. Te paper discovers the most widely-spread types of lacunas, the most and the least popular methods of their translation. Te fndings may become the foundation for further research of the UN discourse, text translation problems, as well as studying lacunas in general. Te research may be of use to students, interpreters and translators, and teachers.
Hyperconnectivity and (Im)mobility: Uber and Surveillance Capitalism by the Global South
Authors: Firmino Rodrigo José , Cardoso Bruno de Vasconcelos , Evangelista Rafael
Published: April 2019

Apart from governments’ increased opportunities to monitor citizens, businesses, civil servants, and services, companies are mobilizing personal data to build profitable, algorithmically based business models with profound ramifications. With companies that have rapidly become giants in this sector, such as Uber, the phenomenon is spreading to various services at the same overwhelming speed as many companies bet on what is known as Uberization. In this paper, we aim to use one example of such a phenomenon from the Global South to show how a potential hyperconnected society is, in fact, creating the possibility for expanded patterns of immobilization for certain groups. We aim to show how highly indirect corporate surveillance involved in businesses such as Uber can run in parallel with a specific direct form of worker surveillance that, without any legal or social safeguards, increases the vulnerability of the weakest link in this chain.
Editorial: Platform Surveillance
Authors: Murakami Wood David , Monahan Torin
Published: April 2019

This editorial introduces this special responsive issue on “platform surveillance.” We develop the term platform surveillance to account for the manifold and often insidious ways that digital platforms fundamentally transform social practices and relations, recasting them as surveillant exchanges whose coordination must be technologically mediated and therefore made exploitable as data. In the process, digital platforms become dominant social structures in their own right, subordinating other institutions, conjuring or sedimenting social divisions and inequalities, and setting the terms upon which individuals, organizations, and governments interact. Emergent forms of platform capitalism portend new governmentalities, as they gradually draw existing institutions into alignment or harmonization with the logics of platform surveillance while also engendering subjectivities (e.g., the gig-economy worker) that support those logics. Because surveillance is essential to the operations of digital platforms, because it structures the forms of governance and capital that emerge, the field of surveillance studies is uniquely positioned to investigate and theorize these phenomena.
Efectos de la declaración de inconstitucionalidad parcial del IIVTNU tras la sentencia interpretativa dictada por el Tribunal Supremo en 2018
Authors: Pagès i Galtés Joan
Published: April 2019

Desde la instauración en 1919 del usualmente denominado impuesto municipal de plusvalía hasta la entrada vigor de la Ley reguladora de las Haciendas Locales de 1988, la determinación del incremento de valor como elemento integrante de su hecho y base imponible había generado muchos problemas, pero todos esencialmente eran de adecuación de las Ordenanzas fiscales a la ley. En cambio, tras la entrada en vigor de la citada Ley de 1988, los principales problemas que se han presentado son de adecuación de la ley a la Constitución. Tanto ello es así, que en 2017 el TC ha dictado doctrina declarando la inconstitucionalidad parcial del impuesto. Se da empero la circunstancia que se ha generado otro problema, cual es el de la concreción de los efectos de semejante declaración parcial de inconstitucionalidad. Dadas las dudas que ello plantea, el TS ha dictado en 2018 una sentencia por la que se interpretan algunos aspectos básicos de la doctrina constitucional.
La desaparición del silencio positivo de las licencias ambientales
Authors: Sanz Rubiales Iñigo
Published: April 2019

La Ley de Procedimiento Administrativo Común de 2015 mantiene la regla general del silencio administrativo positivo, pero incorpora la excepción ambiental, cuando la actividad pueda producir daños al medio ambiente, en cuyo caso el silencio será negativo. Esta previsión debe aplicarse al régimen de licencias de actividad, regulado de forma heterogénea por las diversas Comunidades Autónomas. El Tribunal Constitucional ha confirmado la primacía de esta regulación básica en su sentencia 70/2018.
KONTRIBUSI WORK ENVIRONMENT DAN JOB SATISFACTION SEBAGAI MULTI MEDIASI TERHADAP JOB PERFORMANCE
Authors: Hartanti Rina
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of emotional leadership competency on employees’ job performance through work environment and job satisfaction. In addition, this study also analyzes the effect of emotional leadership competency, work environment, job satisfaction dimensions on employees  job performance. The samples are  obtained  by distributing 300 questionnaires to all HRD Manager (Human Resource Manager) respectively  to travel agencies in five areas in Jakarta  who  then distribute  the  questionnaires to front line employees as  the respondents of the 300 questionnaires distributed, only 261 questionnaires were successfully retrieved from the HRD Manager and analyzed by using Structural Equation Models (SEM). The results showed that 1) emotional leadership competency does not directly affect employees’ performance, but emotional leadership competency mediated by work environment and job satisfaction positively and significantly affects the performance of travel agency employees, 2) emotional leadership competency positevely and significantly affects work environment, 3) emotional leadership competency does not affect employees’ performance, 4) work environment positevely and significantly affects employees’ job satisfaction, and 5) job satisfaction positively and significantly  affects employees’ performance.
A Consolidated Method for Selecting Drilling Parameters
Authors: Suryadi Hendrik
Published: April 2019

Over the years, considerable research has been conducted and the results of numerous studies have been published about optimizing drilling operations that maximize the footage drilled and minimize drilling costs. One of the optimization aspects studied is determining which drilling parameters improve drilling efficiency. Many drilling application software packages exist to help engineers simulate the drilling process. These software packages might include the capability to evaluate drilling parameters’ sensitivity; however, many of the software programs only focus on a specific engineering area and rely on the engineer to evaluate the relation between the results of an engineering analysis and deciding. A new approach has been developed that consolidates various engineering analyses into a single workflow to automatically define the optimum drilling parameters. The application provides a drilling parameters roadmap consisting of weight on bit (WOB), surface rpm, and flow rate for efficient drilling execution.

This application uses the knowledge of offset wells as a starting point to define the WOB and RPM ranges. Those values are represented as a drilling parameter matrix for input into the model. Then, by using static and dynamic bottomhole assembly (BHA) modeling and hydraulics modeling in addition to predicted rate of penetration (ROP), the application runs various sensitivity analyses to obtain the optimum drilling parameters within rig and downhole equipment specifications. The sensitivity analysis with static BHA modeling provides the buckling check to the maximum WOB proposed while the dynamic BHA modeling provides downhole vibration analysis and predicts the drilling ROP, which is compared with downhole tool specifications. Then, the hydraulic modeling provides validation of hole-cleaning quality for the relation between flow rate and ROP, without exceeding rig pump and circulating system pressure specifications. The application also implements a smart learning process to reduce the number of iterations and computation time.

The results of this approach were tested on a field project where implementing the roadmap computed from the application showed excellent results for improving drilling performance.
Chan Plot Signature Identification as a Practical Machine Learning Classification Problem
Authors: Garcia Carlos A. , Mukhanov Akhan , Torres Henry
Published: April 2019

Creating Chan water control diagnostic plots is a common well surveillance activity to search for signatures that distinguish and explain mechanisms behind excessive water production in oil wells. The technique involves an engineer who visually classifies patterns or signatures related to a water production mechanism. This study shows how the Chan plot signature identification can be approached as a machine learning (ML) classification problem, where a well can be characterized by the slopes of water-oil ratio (WOR) and WOR time derivative (WOR’) curves. A model tries to find the pattern category to which that well belongs. Having ML models that can predict whether a well belongs to a specific Chan plot signature, or pattern, would be valuable as a well surveillance tool, especially in high-well-count fields.

Our previous work focused on using the shape of the Chan plot as features for a radial basis function (RBF) support vector machines (SVM) model. In this study, we examine how features to identify Chan plot signatures can be simplified and how different ML models compare in accuracy. ML models used in this study were: nearest neighbor, SVM, decision tree, random forest, logistic regression, and Naive Bayes. In this study, we use the slopes of WOR and WOR’ as features. As a result, we observed an increase in the accuracy of the ML models that we used. By performing the quality check on the data set after selecting slopes as features, we identified that the dataset contained several incorrectly labeled examples, which we adjusted before we trained the ML models. By comparing the models’ metrics in the context of the test set, we identified that the ML model with the highest f1-score was nearest neighbor at 0.93, whereas the RBF SVM model achieved a value of 0.90. We also compared models’ decision boundaries to find how they differ among all ML models.

We obtained an improved accuracy of an ML model by simplifying features as well as raising the quality of data used in the Chan plot signature identification problem. These ML models could be useful in automatic classification whether a well exhibits a specific Chan plot signature, to flag it for a review within a broader petroleum engineering decision framework.
Sustaining Production in a Prolific Gas Well Using Storm Choke in Place of Failed TRSCSSV
Authors: Zaidil Hanani
Published: April 2019

Well 1A is a prolific, big bore dry gas well that has been installed with storm choke due to failure of the well's hydraulic control line. Because of its pilot implementation, a one-year trial period was enforced as part of the valve's endurance and reliability test. The objective of this paper is to show findings from a root cause analysis on valve inadvertent closure (trip at FTHP above valve setting pressure) observed after the conclusion of the one-year trial period which had already indicated positive results with 98% reliability.

Physical inspection of three separate sets of storm choke that had premature closure issues within a duration of five months were analyzed to find a common root cause. The well parameters were studied versus the known operating envelope to narrow down possibilities that were either naturally occurring or externally induced within the well that could have caused the inadvertent closures. Based on the available data, the root cause remained tentative triggering the need for downhole pressure and temperature data acquisition.

Inspections of the retrieved valves revealed common damaged element; the piston O-ring. The O-rings were found to be either leaking, broken or flattened. When analyzing the well parameters, the only significant change detected since the valve installation was the wellhead temperature which had shown increase of 6 degrees Celsius. However, this increase in temperature should not have impacted O-ring's operating envelope.

The well was designed to be completed with downhole gauge at approximately 2000 feet above top of perforations to eliminate need for wireline surveys. This limits the ability to verify predicted temperature profile in the tubing. Suspecting the inadvertent closures to be related to temperature, downhole temperature survey was launched to investigate its impact on the valve.

Based on the survey, a much higher temperature was recorded at the storm choke valve depth compared to model estimation. This provided the key to provide a conclusive narrative to the storm chokes’ premature closure issues. The higher temperature had inadvertently increased the storm choke's dome charging pressure resulting in physical throttling of the valve when in operation and thus resulting in damaged seals. With the higher temperature being taken into consideration for new dome setting pressure, inadvertent closures of the same nature were no longer observed.

This experience will be able to provide a guideline on best practices in managing wells with storm chokes in the future and outline recommendations for parameters to monitor, surveillance requirements, pressure setting determination practices, procedures for valve function testing and valve handling the well and at the yard.
Connected Reservoir Regions Map Created From Time-Lapse Pressure Data Shows Similarity to Other Reservoir Quality Maps in a Heterogeneous Carbonate Reservoir
Authors: Kayode Babatope , Yaacob Mohd Raji , Abdullah Faisal A.
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the similarity between Connected Reservoir Regions (CRR)map created using time-lapse pressure groups (Kayode et.al 2018)and other reservoir quality maps like Seismic Acoustic Impedance (SAI) map and petro-physical rock quality map.

Time-lapse average reservoir pressure from producers and injectors spanning several years of field production were sorted into groups of similar pressure trends. Wells that show similar pressure trend were classified into same CRR, while wells that show different pressure trends were classified into different CRRs. Only wells operating within the same reservoir zone have been used in the pressure grouping in order to ensure that the observed pressure trend differences are only due to lateral variations of reservoir quality and not due to vertical zonation. A geo-modelling software was used to create connected reservoir regions map in which all wells within the same pressure group are identified with a unique colour code and polygons are drawn to delineate the spatial limits of wells within each pressure group. The CRR map thus obtained, was then compared with SAI map and permeability quality map.

Similarity was observed between the CRR map, SAI map and petro-physical rock quality map. Areas indicated as poor quality (high impedance) on the SAI map and indicated as low permeability on petro-physical map were consistent with CRR regions that are characterized by high injection pressure and poor pressure support. Areas indicated as good quality (low impedance) on SAI map and high permeability on petro-physical rock quality map were consistent with CRR regions that are characterized by low injection pressure and excellent producer-injector communication. In addition, a particular well was sidetracked in order to improve reservoir sweep, this producer whose pressure had been historically fairly steady, experienced a sudden increase of time-lapse average reservoir pressure. When the pre and post sidetrack locations of this well were plotted on CRR map, the reason for the sudden pressure increase became obvious; well was sidetracked across CRR boundary, from a poor reservoir quality to a good reservoir quality CRR.

In certain cases, oil and gas fields may not have seismic data, in other cases the resolution of the returned seismic signal may be weak. In such cases, CRR maps created using time-lapse average reservoir pressure groups could be used during geo-modelling,for controlling the distribution of 3-D properties away from well control points, instead of seismic acoustic impedance reservoir quality map.
Case Stories of Horizontal Wells in Offshore Fluvial Oil Reservoir
Authors: Shi Hongfu , Hu Yong , He Yifan , Sun Qiang , Zhao Junshou
Published: April 2019

Fluvial facies reservoirs account for 60% of the reserves in Bohai oilfield. The effective development of such reservoirs plays a very important role in long-term stable production of Bohai oilfield. There are many challenges including: poor reserve, large well spacing, large lateral changes, poor connectivity, heterogeneity, unfavorable viscosity, low structure amplitude and strong bottom water. Horizontal wells are widely used in these reservoirs, especially in the edge or bottom water reservoir and the narrow channel reservoir in Bonan area. Many cases of horizontal wells design, implementation, well pattern optimization and water flooding management were presented to improve the recovery rate of fluvial oil reservoirs. The technique has been widely used in ten fluvial oil fields in Bohai, and has enhanced the recovery rate of by 3% and achieved remarkable technical and economic effects.
Improved Seismic Imaging with Multi-Azimuth PSDM Processing: A Case History South China Sea
Authors: Liu Jinpeng , Zhong Mingrui , Fang Zhongyu , Dan Zhiwei , Sun Leiming
Published: April 2019

With the deepening of exploration and development, exploration in the south China sea is faced with increasingly complex geological targets, including complex fault blocks, lithological targets, middle and deep strata, small scales and more subtle and complex exploration targets. At present, the internationally recognized best seismic solution is "two wide and one high" acquisition and processing, namely wide azimuth, broadband, high-density field observation system and targeted processing. In the aspect of wide azimuth acquisition and processing, domestic land acquisition has also developed greatly, and in the past few years, there has also been a heated debate on the advantages and disadvantages of wide and narrow azimuth acquisition in complex areas. However, in the aspect of offshore acquisition, wide-azimuth acquisition is rarely carried out. The main reason is that the construction cost and difficulty are higher. With the primary 3d coverage of some mature areas on the sea, it is still unable to meet the exploration needs. In the past, the seismic observation system design was mostly based on the seismic acquisition and survey lines in accordance with the direction of vertical structure strike, so as to facilitate the accurate imaging of the main structure or the construction along the long axis of the work area according to the cost of offshore acquisition. However, in fact, the fault strike in the tectonic development area is complex and changeable, and there is no uniform rule. Some small faults that control the trap are completely perpendicular to the large structural strike, so the old 3d will lead to some poor fault imaging. According to the practical test data analysis, found that the different line direction observed data imaging effect is different, therefore some recently in the south China sea area for the secondary multi-dimensional three-dimensional attempt at sea to achieve multiple acquisition costs are relatively low, and the construction is convenient, but if you want to achieve benefit maximization, must consider the joint use of composite materials. Compared with the factors that need to be considered in collection and processing, it is much more complex, and the development of processing is relatively lagging behind. The main anisotropy is not fully considered, and relatively simple superposition is often difficult to reflect the effect of multi-direction.
Exploring Opportunities for Capacity Enhancement in Sour Gas Treatment Unit
Authors: Deshpande Sunil , Sukanandan Jangumiah , Sengupta Partha
Published: April 2019

Methyl Di-ethanol Amine (MDEA) based Gas Sweetening Process is an established process for treatment of sour gases to meet pipeline specifications with regards to H2S contents. One of the Gas Sweeting Unit (GSU) has been designed with generic MDEA solvent to selectively remove H2S along with 32% Co-absorption of CO2. It was observed that because of higher receipt of sour gas, all GSU trains were operating with higher feed gas throughput resulting in higher H2S content in sweet gas & higher quantity of acid gas generation. A detailed study was carried out to explore the possibilities for maintaining sweet gas quality with increased sour gas throughput.

Detailed simulation studies on "HYSYS" process simulator revealed, that using generic MDEA it was difficult to increase the operating capacity of the GSU while maintaining H2S content in sweet gas & acid gas quantity generation within acceptable limits. Hence opportunities for speciality amines were explored.

Case studies revealed successful use of specialty amines for capacity enhancement and improved performance in the existing system. With the targeted sweet gas quality, the capacity can be enhanced up to 30% with minor modifications in the existing set up. This also resulted in significant reduction in consumption of utilities like steam, power and cooling water.
Increasing Efficiency of a Gas Processing Plant-A Case Study
Authors: Sengupta Partha , Deshpande Sunil , G. Sharmila , Das Barnali , Pawar Anil
Published: April 2019

LPG production from a gas processing plant was experiencing gradually decreasing LPG production in spite of having feed gas rich in heavier hydrocarbons. The process involves dehydration of feed gas, cooling the gas in a propane based chiller to condense heavier hydrocarbons, processing the liquid in a De-ethanizer column to separate C3+ components and further separate the C3/C4 (LPG) and C5+ components in a De-butanizer column.

To understand the above phenomenon, a steady state model of the plant was developed using licensed commercial process simulation software. The crucial process parameters required for efficient recovery of LPG are then identified and their optimum values established through simulations. Further experiments were carried out during plant operation to identify the bottlenecks in maintaining the parameters at optimum levels.

From simulations it was observed that De-ethanizer pressure, De-butanizer reflux condenser outlet temperature and De-butanizer reboiler temperature have the major effect on LPG components loss. From real time monitoring of operations, it was observed that there was difficulty in maintaining De-ethanizer pressure and De-butanizer temperature profiles at the optimum levels. It was concluded that an ineffective air cooled condenser, a passing manual valve and an improperly tuned temperature controller were the root causes behind sub-optimal operation. Accordingly, recommendations were made for rectifying the problems and the same have been accepted by the plant engineers for implementation which will result in LPG production gain by 20 %.
Novel Methods to Prolong the Life of Mature Offshore Oilfield Under Low Oil Price Condition
Authors: Su Yanchun
Published: April 2019

The oil price has fallen off dramatically since 2014 which quenched the oil company's enthusiasm to develop new oil fields, especially those with low quality reservoir. For Bohai oilfield, its work is mainly focused on the mature oilfield development in view of its huge reservoir potential, convenient existing facilities and quick fund turnover period. Bohai oilfield has carried out several projects to keep production steady at 3000×104m3 for eight years. In the paper, several methods including high resolution seismic acquisition, potential sands tracking, improving oil recovery (IOR) by water flooding and nanoparticle profile controlling are presented.
Predictive Monitoring of Acid Gas Membrane Performance
Authors: Rossi Marcus , Jariwala Ankur , Pan Shu , Medvedev Oleg , Booth Richard
Published: April 2019

We present a new digital solution based on a novel technique to predict acid gas membranes remaining performance based on the field data. Gas membranes are widely used onshore and offshore for acid gas removal from natural gas due to their efficiency and compactness. These systems are proven and well accepted, however their performance is highly dependent on field operations practices and conditions of the natural gas stream that feeds the system. If operating conditions are not controlled, the system performance can deteriorate. The weakened performance can lead to undesirable product gas specifications, contractual penalties, unexpected downtime, and ultimately the risk of environmental impact. On the other hand, maintenance anxiety and uncertainty can lead to overspend on membrane elements replacements; increasing overall operating expenditures. We developed the new technique during the past two years to allow the system operator to anticipate performance upsets by predictive monitoring and active machine learning using field operations data of gas membrane systems. This technique has adopted one of recursive Bayesian estimation techniques, linear Kalman filtering, and allows operators to predict and manage remaining membrane performance in the field proactively thereby optimize the membrane replacement expenditure.
Production Liner Cementing Practices in Challenging Horizontal Wellbores
Authors: Al-Baiyat Islam , Khalil Mohamed , Heinold Thomas , Porter Dean
Published: April 2019

Providing competent hydraulic isolation between multiple reservoir sections in horizontal wellbores represents a difficult industry challenge. This paper will discuss some of the practices and tools used for cementing production liners in critical horizontal wells.

Issues with bore hole conditioning, ovality, effective solids removal, and hole collapse are more problematic in horizontal wells. Historically issues occurred while running and cementing highly deviated liners. This was true before and after the cement placement including the premature setting of cement, an inability to run the liner to bottom, difficulties in setting the hanger assembly, pressure in the tubing-casing annulus, and cement channeling. Proper pre-job preparedness including pilot testing of the fluid systems, mud conditioning practices, centralization, cement placement simulations, and well site execution procedures for cementing these liners will be discussed.

The practices to be presented have been executed for horizontal as well as deep vertical gas well applications. Scorecards were developed to measure and assess the processes used. This work explains how this effort as well as the cementing service delivery practices have led to successful jobs. The recommended practices have a positive business impact by minimizing or mitigating operational complications, saving rig time, and reducing the need for remedial work due to poor primary cementing operations.

The paper highlights how the combination of enhanced cementing practices in conjunction with new cementing tools and technologies made important contributions to delivering effective zonal isolation in a highly challenging wellbore environment.
Numerical and Analytical Waterflood Evaluation of North Kuwait Giant Carbonate Reservoir
Authors: Alotaibi Basel , Lamine Sadok
Published: April 2019

Waterflood (WF) is the main drive mechanism of North Kuwait reservoirs. Different development strategies has been adopted to develop a giant carbonate reservoir in the asset. Irregular scheme of WF has been implemented in the last 5 years which made it challenging to properly evaluate the WF performance. This paper presents both numerical and analytical approaches to assess the current performance of the waterflood in this reservoir.

The first method uses actual production and injection data to generate traditional waterflood plots such WOR vs. Np, injection throughput, VRR and other diagnostics.

The second approach uses the numerical model to understand the fluid movements in terms of production and water injection. A high resolution model is used to know about the horizontal producers and injectors WF scheme. Streamline model tool is used to understand how the injectors impact their surrounding producers. Injector's efficiency, allocation factors and reservoir sweep efficiency are calculated using the simulation model.

Both approaches are compared to have a better evaluation of the waterflood.

When the waterflood started, a regular i-9 spot patterns was the way to develop the reservoir. The heterogeneity of the reservoir was observed clearly in the different performance of each pattern. Also, high permeability layer (thief zone) has adversely affected the reservoir performance during WF.

The sharp increase of water cut with very low corresponding recovery factor triggered a paradigm shift in developing this waterflooded reservoir. Injecting in lower layers and producing in upper layers (horizontal wells) was the next stage. This brought a great challenge to assess the performance of this WF scheme. Evaluating such a development strategy remains a achallenge.
Additional-Perforations and Infill Wells Based on Multiple Contacts & Saturation Logging Results: A Case Study
Authors: Abdulhadi Muhammad , Kueh Pei Tze , Abdul Aziz Shahrizal , Mansor Najmi , Tran Toan Van , Chin Hon Voon , Jacobs Steve , Muhd. Fadhil Imran , Suggust Alister Albert , Usop Mohammad Zulfiqar , Ralphie Benard , Dolah Khairul Arifin , Abdussalam Khomeini , Munandai Hasim , Yusop Zainuddin
Published: April 2019

It is a common practice to run a contact-saturation log to confirm the oil column prior to oil gain activities such as adding perforations or infill drilling. From 2012 to 2017, a total of eight logging jobs were executed in Field B which were subsequently followed by oil gain activities.

The eight contact-saturation logging jobs were comprised of pulse-neutron logs in both carbon-oxygen (C/O) and sigma mode. The logs were run in varied well completions targeting thirteen different zones. Four logs were run in single tubing strings while the remaining four were in dual string completions. Certain target zones were already perforated while others had completion accessories such as a blast joint or integrated tubing-conveyed perforating (iTCP) guns across them. Eight of the target zones were later add-perforated while two were used to mature infill well targets.

Four of the seven add-perforations results were consistent with the logging results. One of the successful logs clearly indicated that the oil column had migrated into the original gas cap. Of the two infill wells drilled, only one was successful. These case studies in Field B indicate that in conditions of open perforations, trapped fluid across the annulus, and in low resistivity sand, distinguishing between original and residual saturation is difficult with pulse-neutron log. The log measurement was significantly affected. The most obvious lesson learned was that perforating and producing the reservoir would be the best method to confirm the potential oil gain. From a value point of view, it would have been more economical to perforate the zone straightaway if the oil gain activity had similar cost to the logging activity. The lessons learned also helped to establish clear guidelines in Field B on utilizing contact-saturation logs in the future.

The paper seeks to present the logging results, subsequent oil gain activities, and lessons learned from the contact-saturation logging in Field B. These lessons learned will be applicable in other oilfields with similar conditions to improve decision making in the industry.
Treatment Technology of Brine Contamination and Barite Settlement for the High Temperature and High Density OBM for Ultra-Deep Well Drilling in Western China
Authors: Wang Jianhua , Yan Lili , Liu Fengbao , Yang Haijun , Yin Da , Xu Xianguang
Published: April 2019

Due to the existence of extremely high temperature, high pressure thick evaporite bed and brine layer, Kuqa piedmont structure has been identified as one of the most complicated drilling regions in the world which locates in Tarim Basin of China. In Keshen Block the occurrence rate of high pressure brine invasion during the drilling progress is high up to 56%, and barite in OBM mud is easy to settle under high temperature and longtime static conditions. Therefore, brine invasion and barite settlement are serious challenges for ultra-deep wells drilling in Western China.

Increasing the density of mud is one method to deal with brine invasion during drilling, but lost circulation is easy to be caused. Another method is discharge the brine in batches to reduce the high pressure of brine layer, which requests the higher brine capacity of OBM. In this instance, a new emulsifier used in OBM was compounded to enhance the emulsifying efficiency through the increase the number of hydrophilic group on single emulsifier molecular structure. The experiment results indicated that the ability of OBM tolerance to brine contamination is higher than 60%.

The instrument for evaluating the sedimentation rate of OBM at high temperature (200°C) and high pressure (20MPa) has been developed. The experiment results indicated that increasing RM6 value could improve the stability of settlement.

Well KS1101 encountered lost circulation and high pressure brine layer in the same horizon, the safety density window of the drilling fluid is almost zero. Thus, the method of brine discharge in batches was used to reduce the brine layer pressure to ensure the drilling safety. A total of 1129.98m3 brine was discharged by 64 times of drainage and avoided the lost circulation. The rheology of OBM is stable, and the brine water capacity of the drilling fluid system is more than 45%. Throughout the drilling process, there was no downhole complex occurred. This OBM system has been wildly used in Keshen Block.
Análise da percepção dos gestores e dos profissionais envolvidos no Projeto Academia da Saúde sobre os processos de implantação, acompanhamento e avaliação
Authors: Lopes Tiago Aparecido de Souza , Cunha Saulo Daniel Mendes
Published: April 2019

Objetivo: O presente estudo tem o objetivo de analisar como os gestores e profissionais envolvidos no Projeto, Academia da Saúde percebem o desenvolver dessa estratégia, que visa à promoção da saúde de forma integral. Métodos: A presente pesquisa foi desenvolvida por meio da abordagem qualitativa. Participaram cinco profissionais, sendo: um coordenador, um secretário, um professor e dois estagiários envolvidos no programa. A coleta dos dados foi realizada nos meses de agosto e de setembro de 2018 e, para a entrevista, foi utilizado um roteiro semi-estruturado e para o registro das entrevistas, foi utilizado um gravador da marca Coby Cvr20 a fim de gravar, para posterior análise, todas as informações fornecidas pelos participantes. Para análise dos dados, as falas foram agrupadas em categorias e, posteriormente, os dados foram analisados por meio da técnica de análise do discurso. Resultados: Os envolvidos no estudo percebem a importância dessa estratégia e apontam obstáculos que dificultam sua execução, como a falta de profissionais suficientes para atender à demanda da população, o que prejudica diretamente o desenvolvimento desse projeto, impossibilitando o acompanhamento e a avaliação eficientes. Considerações Finais: Sugerimos que haja melhor articulação entre os níveis de gestão a fim de driblar os entraves que dificultam o desenvolver dessa estratégia, através do apoio à implementação de ações que possam fortalecer o programa e uma melhor gestão de recursos humanos e financeiros.
An archwire for non-invasive improvement of occlusal cant and soft tissue chin deviation
Authors: Jein-Wein Liou Eric , Mehta Kunal , Cheng-Yi Lin James
Published: April 2019

Nonsurgical improvement of an occlusal cant, lip cant, and soft tissue chin deviation has been considered not possible merely through orthodontic treatment without surgical intervention. The purpose of this report was to illustrate a possible new field in orthodontics for a non-invasive improvement of the occlusal cant and soft tissue chin deviation through orthodontic approach by an innovative orthodontic archwire (Yin-Yang wire) and the others.