bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a Monitoring System for Interrogating the Internal Condition of SNF Canisters
Authors: Belhassani Lamia , Hager Brandon , Maranets Theodore , Lee John , Wang Yan , Yoon Ji Hwan , Zhu Xiaoshan , Greiner Miles , Hadj-Nacer Mustafa
Published: November 2024

The overall goal of this work is to develop a monitoring platform that can be integrated into a wide variety of spent nuclear fuel dry storage canisters to measure their internal conditions and transmit the data wirelessly to an outside receiver. Experimental and computational methods are employed to (a) develop an energy harvesting system as a reliable power source by using thermoelectric generators, (b) establish a near-field magnetic induction communication system to wirelessly transmit the measured data from the platform to an external receiver, and (c) optimize and develop a variety of novel and existing gas composition (oxygen, hydrogen, and xenon) sensing technologies to acquire precise and accurate measurements. Furthermore, the optimal placement of the platform within the canister is investigated through computational fluid dynamics simulations of the NUHOMS 61BT canister. This paper summarizes the progress of this research.
Qualification of an Impulsively-Loaded Confinement Vessel for Proton Radiography of Small-Scale Shock Physics Experiments
Authors: Spernjak Dusan , Gibson Joshem , Fister Matthew , Cardon Devin , Fehlmann Kevin , Lakey Matthew , Reichert Heidi , Venhaus Thomas
Published: November 2024

An impulsively-loaded high-pressure confinement vessel is designed and fabricated to confine the detonation of high explosives (HE) of up to 30 g TNT equivalent (TNTeq). The confinement vessel will enable proton radiography and photon Doppler velocimetry (PDV) of small-scale shock physics experiments at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). These unique physics experiments provide valuable experimental data to characterize materials under extreme loading conditions.

The confinement vessel is designed to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 3 (2015) and Code Case 2564-4. The confinement boundary meets the intent of the Code while allowing for maximum resolution of proton radiography across a sufficiently large field of view. We present the overview of all analyses and tests necessary to qualify this pressure vessel. The engineering analyses required by the Code are as follows:

• Hydro-dynamic analysis of blast loading

• Structural dynamic analysis for impulsive load

• Fracture/Fatigue analysis

• Calculation of post detonation quasi-static pressure

• Structural analysis for static load (i.e. quasi-static pressure).

Following manufacture, each vessel body will be hydrostatically tested to 125% of the nominal quasi-static pressure, and test records will be included with the delivered lot of vessel bodies. Finally, a single HE overpressure test (OPT) will be conducted at 125% of the design basis impulse load, per 3.2 of ASME Code Case 2564-4, ‘Experimental Design Verification’ for the design of diagnostic covers and instrument penetrations from materials not permitted by Part KM.

The design of the confinement vessel is modular, as it allows exchanging the radiographic windows (and other components in the field of view of the proton beam) to achieve optimal imaging resolution for a given class of physics experiments. Two sets of radiographic windows are designed and fabricated, one set for 30g TNTeq and the other for a very small HE load of 3g TNTeq (but with a reduced distance between the windows and the HE charge when compared to the 30g configuration). One HE OPT will be conducted for each of the two configurations.
Accuracy and Repeatability of Lubricants Across Fastener Diameter, Material, and Temperature
Authors: Bounds Brandon , Meigs Barrett , Liu Yuqing , Jaouhari Matt
Published: November 2024

One of the main contributing factors to flange leakage is the nut factor for torquing operations which relies on many variables such as coefficient of friction, material of bolt, coating, pitch of bolt threads, the lubricant type used, and the lubrication process. While the relationship between torque and bolt load is straightforward, it is complicated by the experimentally derived nut factor, K. Even though there is some published data on nut factors for various lubricants, ASME PCC-1, suggests users perform nut factor trials based on the applicable lubrication, bolt material, bolt diameter, coating, and temperature used in each application. By understanding the nut factor more accurately for each application, a higher level of confidence is achieved that the applied torque on a bolted joint will better reflect the desired residual bolt load.

The intent of this study was to experimentally determine the nut factor of different applications by applying a bolt stress to fasteners installed in a hydraulic load cell. With the torque and applied load known, the nut factor was calculated. Experimental tests were carried out on ASTM A193 Grade B7, uncoated, mechanically galvanized, and hot-dip galvanized studs, as well as ASTM A320 Grade B8 Class 2 studs across five different bolt diameters and three different lubricants. Additional testing was performed at lowered and elevated temperatures to account for nut factor differences due to temperature fluctuations.
Challenges of Application of ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Codes for Semiconductor Applications for Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography
Authors: Kapadia Rahul S. , Geubbels Roel , Hajy Akbary Farideh , Sonti Sreeram
Published: November 2024

Semiconductor industries are among the fastest growing industries especially fueled by the growing demand from consumers for Microprocessors to power phones, tablets, automobiles and smart gadgets. One critical manufacturing process step to make these chips is Photolithography, which involves imprinting integrated circuit patterns on silicon substrates. Today’s most advanced semiconductor lithography process uses an Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) light source. EUV light is produced by a high-temperature plasma generated from high-purity tin. A pulsed multi-kW average power carbon dioxide (CO2) laser irradiates a tin droplet to produce EUV.

In the EUV equipment, production of these droplets require melting Tin and then pushing it in a vacuum chamber by a driving fluid at pressures ranging in hundreds of bar. Modules in the EUV system which operate at high fluid pressures are designed as per ASME Pressure Vessel and Piping Codes like ASME BPVC Section VIII and B31.3 and using those as a basis for compliance with the European Pressure Equipment Directive (PED). Designs for pressure bearing components — reservoirs and high pressure lines to carry liquid tin at high pressure provide one of the key challenges. This paper will cover some of these key challenges and the corresponding approaches used for their design.
Helium Leak Test Modeling of a Spent Nuclear Fuel Canister
Authors: Suffield Sarah R. , Carpenter-Graffy Dina E. , Wells Beric E.
Published: November 2024

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is considering the development of one or more federal consolidated interim storage facilities (CISFs) to be used to store commercial spent nuclear fuel (SNF) at locations in the U.S. One of the first technical challenges of a CISF is performing an inspection of SNF canisters upon their receipt to confirm they can be placed into the CISF’s licensed storage configuration. The canister receipt inspection is critical to CISF site operations. The test is conceived as being a helium (He) leak check, intended to confirm that the confinement boundary of a SNF canister is intact. SNF canisters are filled with He when they are sealed, so detection of a He leak indicates that a through-wall flaw has occurred in the canister confinement boundary. Other measurements are planned to occur upon canister receipt in addition to the He leak check such as krypton-85 measurements, which would indicate confinement breaches of one or more fuel rods in addition to a breach of the SNF canister. However, the He leak check has been identified as one of such high importance and has such significant technical challenges that a full-scale demonstration is needed to confirm the He leak test’s viability and to assist in planning relative to its operational requirements.

A modeling methodology for simulating the He detection test was developed to help inform the test plan and the design of the test vessels. To develop the modeling methodology a detailed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) benchmark model was constructed to compare against leak rate test data from a transportation package for radioactive material. This report is focused on modeling efforts to simulate the benchmark leak test.
Effect of Hydrogen As an Impurity on the Fracture Toughness and Fatigue Performance of Steels for CO2 Pipelines for CCS
Authors: Jun Hyun Jo , Neeraj Thirumalai , Kuo Chih-Hsiang , Newbury Brian D. , Thodla Ramgopal
Published: November 2024

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a key technology to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions to meet net-zero objectives of the society. The pipeline transport of large quantity CO2 is a key enabler to establish CCS value chain. In contrast to the transport of pure CO2, the impurities in the CO2 stream of CCS can potentially cause materials integrity challenges in terms of corrosion, fracture toughness and fatigue performance. For example, CO2 streams from pre-combustion capture of Blue Hydrogen (BH) production can contain hydrogen as an impurity, which can cause Hydrogen Embrittlement (HE) in CO2 pipelines. Therefore, it is important to understand the effect of impurity hydrogen on the integrity of CO2 pipeline. However, the impact of H2 impurity in the CO2 stream on fracture toughness and fatigue behavior is not well understood. This study will report the fracture toughness and fatigue performance of linepipe carbon steel in CO2 with H2 as an impurity and are compared with inert and pure H2 conditions. The results require an attention when designing and operating CO2 pipelines where H2 is introduced as an impurity like the pre-combustion capture of BH production.
Thermal Modeling of Hanford Cesium and Strontium Canisters During Simulated Loading
Authors: Carpenter-Graffy Dina E. , Suffield Sarah R. , Klymyshyn Nicholas A.
Published: November 2024

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was built to simulate planned testing of heater assemblies within a canister and overpack for the Hanford Lead Canister (HLC) project. The HLC is a canister storage system that will contain heaters to simulate the decay heat of nuclear material and provide the canister storage system with environmental conditions equivalent to the operating conditions on a dry storage pad. The HLC will be equipped with long-term data collection and monitoring systems to provide an early warning of corrosion, pitting, cracking, or other signs of canister degradation that might threaten the integrity of the containment boundary over the potentially long term of dry storage. An important part of the HLC development is to make pretest numerical predictions for the behavior of the heated canister during the simulated radiolytic decay heat testing, which simulates the dry storage system during loading operations.

The simulated radiolytic decay heat test is planned for mid-2024 in a configuration that includes the heater assembly, overpack, and canister, but with the lids removed to allow loading cesium and strontium capsules into the canister. One of the goals of the test is to evaluate the thermal behavior of the canister and overpack assembly in the ambient air of the test facility, which will provide data critical to validating the thermal models and understanding how the HLC will perform as a system once deployed. To best approximate real-world conditions, the CFD model includes the full air volume of the mock-up truck bay the heated canister test will be performed in, enabling detailed investigation of how the heated canister affects airflow around it. Rigorous pre-deployment testing of the complete HLC cask and canister system is intended to be completed before the HLC is deployed in the 2028 timeframe.

This study presents the pre-test temperature predictions of the simulated radiolytic decay heat test. A description of the heater assembly, canister, and overpack system is presented. The model was developed with the commercial CFD software STAR-CCM+. An uncertainty analysis was run with the CFD model to determine the uncertainty in the temperature predictions and provide a range over which the predicted temperatures are expected to vary. The uncertainty analysis was performed by coupling STAR-CCM+ with the software Dakota, which provides advanced parametric analyses, including quantification of margins and uncertainty with computational models. This work is expected to provide insight into spent nuclear fuel (SNF) canister behavior.
Advancing Heat Transfer Analysis of Coke Drum Skirts Using Deep Learning and Surrogate Models
Authors: Srinivasan Balaji , Venkataraman Srinivasan
Published: November 2024

This research delves into applying machine learning techniques to enhance the efficiency of heat transfer analysis for coke drum skirts, particularly in time-sensitive applications. Traditional models for heat transfer analysis, which are often tailored to specific components, have intricate setup processes and extensive computational requirements, and thereby, cause potential delays in offering quick feedback. To overcome these, we have developed a dedicated deep learning (DL) model, which is trained to predict stress distributions derived directly from inputs of heat transfer analysis. This innovation bypasses the computationally intensive calculations involved in heat transfer analysis. The study emphasizes the potential of DL as an efficient, viable, and precise alternative for thermal analysis in the specific domain of coke-drum skirt heat transfer. This exploration involves considering a variety of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) methodologies to construct a predictive model for heat transfer performance in coke drum skirts. The findings suggest that in scenarios marked by mixed geometric parameters, including variations in the y-ring crotch radius, hotbox length, and thicknesses, and when extrapolation is limited to areas closely aligned with the training dataset, DL models demonstrate competitive performance, in the context of transient heat transfer analysis for coke drums. This study evaluates and contrasts the effectiveness of advanced DL models, Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINN) and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), in improving heat transfer simulations. By providing valuable insights into computational heat transfer methods, our research paves the way for informed selection and effective deployment of surrogate models in heat transfer analysis for coke drum skirts and digital twin applications.
Material Manufactured Using Wire-Additive Welding in Boiler and Pressure Vessel Applications
Authors: Melfi Teresa , Schaeffer J. Ben
Published: November 2024

The results from a large research project form the basis for a new approach to qualify deposition procedures for material made from weld metal. This paper will discuss the research project, summarize the results, and outline the methodology for qualifying both printing procedures and parts for boiler, pressure vessel and piping applications.

ASME supported this research project to validate the properties of material made entirely from weld metal. Approximately two tons of weld metal was deposited using various welding parameters as set out by the project’s design of experiments. Over 300 tensile specimens and over 500 Charpy V-notch specimens were taken from various orientations and tested to characterize the weld metal properties and isotropy. This data was analyzed to determine if the variables and interactions provided statistically significant prediction of the weld metal properties.

The manufacture of these near net shape materials frequently requires the welding procedure to vary depending on the shape and location of a specific feature being deposited. The bracketed qualification methodology published in ASME IX Article VI [1] is based on similar methodologies in military and seismic codes, and has been compared to the results from the research project. The basis for comparing the weld metal to existing wrought forms of metal is explained and validated.
Sealing of Hydrogen: An Overview of Published Data
Authors: Bond Stephen
Published: November 2024

Hydrogen is well positioned to be a key element in any upcoming energy transition. It has a role as both a fuel and as an energy storage vehicle. There is a great deal of research and industrial interest in the use and storage of hydrogen, and this seems set to continue for the foreseeable future. This is particularly the case for “green” hydrogen, where hydrogen is produced by electrolysis of water where the electrical energy is from a renewable source (e.g. wind or solar).

There has been concern raised, due to its inherent properties, about the potential for leakage of hydrogen, which brings into focus bolted flange connections among other joints. The most common leakage tests for bolted flange connections use media such as helium (EN13555), methane (ASME B16.20) or nitrogen (DIN 3535), but not hydrogen. There are good reasons for choosing these gases, particularly helium, which is safe and a small molecule. However, it has been shown from earlier papers that molecule size is not the only factor in leakage, and the conversion of leakage rate from one gas to another is not universally understood. Therefore, the testing of different gasket materials and designs with hydrogen gas as the test media is typically required.

This paper reviews recent public domain data on sealing tests using hydrogen, especially compared to helium for multiple types of gaskets and includes some work commissioned at a third party on spiral wound gaskets with different filler materials.
Shoulder osteoarthritis facilitating the diagnosis of acromegaly
Authors: Garofoli Romain , Renard Domitille , Bessiene Laura , Lefèvre-Colau Marie-Martine
Published: November 2024

A man in his early 50s presented with mechanical chronic pain and limitation of the active range of motion of the right shoulder. Imaging of the shoulder showed osteophytosis without joint space narrowing or cranial migration of the humeral head. He reported no history of trauma, dislocation arthropathy, clinical or standard biological evidence for septic or inflammatory arthritis, metabolic, haemophilic or endocrine-associated arthropathies. The second medical consultation revealed enlargement and infiltration of hands and feet. Consequently, we suspected acromegaly, which was confirmed by endocrinological diagnosis. Further, an MRI of the pituitary gland showed a sellar tumour. The patient’s shoulder pain was related to undiagnosed acromegalic arthropathy leading to osteoarthritis and was treated by trans-sphenoidal exeresis of the somatotroph adenoma and a somatostatin analogue. In conclusion, acromegaly should be considered in patients with centred glenohumeral osteoarthritis, as an early diagnosis is essential to limit complications and preserve the quality of life.
Private sector engagement for immunisation programmes: a pragmatic scoping review of 25 years of evidence on good practice in low-income and middle-income countries
Authors: Sharma Gaurav , Morgan Christopher , Wanyoike Sarah , Kenyon Stephanie , Sheel Meru , Jain Manish , Boggs Malia , Olayinka Folake
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Many National Immunisation Programmes attempt to leverage the private sector ; however, there is limited consolidated and synthesised documentation on good practices, gaps and lessons learnt. A 2017 WHO guidance document recommended best practices for private sector engagement (PSE) in immunisation. We conducted a pragmatic scoping review to identify gaps, update and consolidate evidence on promising practices in PSE for vaccination.

Methods

Building on two previous reviews published in 2011 and 2017, we conducted a pragmatic scoping review of peer-reviewed publications from low-income and middle-income countries since September 2016 in PubMed that pertained to PSE and immunisation service delivery. We extracted and analysed findings using a new analytical framework covering motivations, enablers and barriers, risks and challenges, and engagement mechanisms.

Results

We collated over 80 well-documented analyses of PSE for vaccination, derived from 54 peer-reviewed publications from 1998 to 2016 included in prior reviews, 21 new publications from 24 countries published since 2016 and 1 new systematic review. The level of PSE was mixed, ranging from 3%–4% to >60% of all childhood vaccinations. Promising practices for PSE included using governance and policy to leverage private providers’ motivations and including them in programme efforts. Planning and monitoring efforts were effective when linked with regulatory requirements based on national standards for services, reporting and performance monitoring. Information systems were effective when they included private sector services in vaccine monitoring and surveillance. Challenges identified included ensuring compliance with national schedules and standards and minimising financial exclusion. Few studies documented successful public–private partnership models or other innovative financing models.

Conclusion

The published evidence captures numerous strategies to facilitate stronger immunisation programme engagement with the private sector. Stronger PSE can potentially reach zero-dose and underimmunised populations in low-resource settings and build resilient systems. Untapped opportunities exist for more structured testing of approaches to inform global guidance.
Using a policy learning lens to understand health financing policy outcomes: the case of translating strategic health purchasing into policy and practice in Burkina Faso
Authors: Kiendrébéogo Joël Arthur , De Allegri Manuela , Van Damme Wim , Meessen Bruno
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) through an effective health financing system is a challenge for many low-income countries. Learning is key to success due to many uncertainties and unknowns. Using the case of translating strategic health purchasing into policy and practice in Burkina Faso, our study seeks to understand how policy learning can shape policy processes and outcomes.

Methods

We used a qualitative case study design and Dunlop and Radaelli’s conceptualisation of policy learning to identify which modes of learning did or did not occur, what helped or hindered them and the resulting policy outcomes. Dunlop and Radaelli frame policy learning as epistemic, reflexive, negotiative or hierarchical. We collected data through documentary review and in-depth individual interviews with 21 key informants. We analysed the data manually using pattern-matching techniques.

Results

The introduction of strategic health purchasing in Burkina Faso was initially seen as an opportunity to reduce the fragmentation of the health financing system by coupling a performance-based financing scheme and a user fee exemption policy. However, this has faltered, and our findings suggest that an inability to harness all modes of learning has led to blockages. Indeed, while reflective learning was present, epistemic, hierarchical and learning through bargaining were absent, preventing national policy actors from defending their own policy or scheme from reaching compromises. But thanks to facilitating processes led by a well-resourced organisation and contextual elements that encouraged the emergence of more pluralistic modes of learning, some progress was achieved in operationalising strategic health purchasing.

Conclusions

Some modes of learning seem to be overlooked in countries’ efforts to achieve UHC. Facilitation techniques and initiatives that encourage the use of all modes of learning, while supporting countries to take full ownership and responsibility for consolidating their own learning health systems, should be promoted.
The barriers and facilitators family caregivers experience when participating in resource-limited hospital care: a qualitative systematic review
Authors: Determeijer Jim J , van Waard Julia D , Leopold Stije J , Spijker René , Agyemang Charles , Vugt Michele van
Published: November 2024

Background

In many resource-limited settings, understaffed hospitals rely on patients’ families to provide care during admission. These care tasks are often performed informally, untrained and unsupported. The WHO has called for innovative approaches to tackle health worker shortages globally. Family participation interventions could be such an innovation, but current family participation should be understood before implementation. This review explored the barriers and facilitators family caregivers experience participating in resource-limited adult hospital care.

Methods

For this qualitative systematic review, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and the Global Health Library were searched from inception to 17 February 2023. Studies were included if they described experiences of family caregivers participating in hospital-like environments, were performed in a low- or middle-income country and included qualitative data. Open coding was performed, followed by thematic analysis. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument.

Results

3099 studies were screened, and 16 were included, involving 466 participants. All studies were published between 2009 and 2023. Three studies were performed in Africa, three in South America and 10 in Asia. 13 main themes were identified, seven for barriers and six for facilitators, including 50 subthemes. The main barriers identified were caregiver burden, a discouraging hospital environment, economic burden, ineffective collaboration with health workers, lack of support, sacrificing personal life to care and unpreparedness for caregiving. The main facilitators identified were a caregiving mindset, competence for caregiving, effective collaboration with health workers, encouraging hospital environment, sufficient financial means and supportive caregiving systems.

Discussion

This review presents the first overview of barriers and facilitators experienced by family caregivers participating in resource-limited hospital care. Research in more contexts and among other stakeholders is necessary to comprehend family participation holistically. To improve family participation, this review suggests prioritising educational interventions.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42023384414.
Shaping global strategy, mobilising for local action: reflections from the World Conference on Drowning Prevention 2023
Authors: Scarr Justin-Paul , Koon William , Peden Amy E
Published: November 2024

Drowning is a significant cause of preventable mortality and morbidity and has been described as a serious, preventable and neglected public health challenge. Amid building momentum for drowning prevention, most notably with recent United Nations and World Health Assembly Declarations, researchers, policymakers and practitioners convened at the World Conference on Drowning Prevention (WCDP) 2023 under the conference theme of ‘shaping a global strategy – mobilizing for local action’. In this special feature, we reflect on the outcomes of the WCDP 2023. Throughout the work presented by more than 750 research, policy and technical experts from over 50 countries, five overarching themes emerged: (1) advancing further contextualisation and interventions, especially in Africa; (2) integrating drowning prevention into climate and disaster agendas; (3) addressing the threats and opportunities in migration; (4) positioning drowning prevention as an issue of social justice; and (5) expanding focus on implementation research. WCDP 2023 delegates co-designed a conference call to action comprising of 16 statements designed to further strengthen global efforts on drowning prevention between now and the WCDP 2025. These actions aim to encourage increased collaboration, create new knowledge, address inequities, amplify voices of those most affected and continue shared commitments to eliminate drowning.
Prolonged intracranial catheter dwell time exacerbates penumbral stress and worsens stroke thrombectomy outcomes
Authors: Alawieh Ali M , Elawady Sameh Samir , Zohdy Youssef M , Chalhoub Reda M , Cunningham Conor , Howard Brian M , Cawley C Michael , Barrow Daniel , Akbik Feras , Pabaney Aqueel , Tong Frank C , Al Kasab Sami , Jabbour Pascal , Goyal Nitin , Arthur Adam S , Siddiqui Fazeel , Yoshimura Shinichi , Park Min S , Brinjikji Waleed , Matouk Charles , Romano Daniele G , Altschul David , Williamson Richard , Moss Mark , De Leacy Reade Andrew , Ezzeldin Mohamad , Kan Peter , Levitt Michael R , Grandhi Ramesh , Mascitelli Justin R , Grossberg Jonathan A , Spiotta Alejandro M
Published: November 2024

Background

The duration of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is a negative predictor of outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS), yet the precise mechanisms are unclear. We investigated whether the placement of large-bore catheters intracranially reduces blood flow to the ischemic penumbra and diminishes the efficacy of MT.

Methods

We investigated the impact of different catheter sizes on flow through the intracranial circulation using an in vitro model. Data from a multicenter international registry of AIS patients undergoing MT between January 2016 and December 2023 were reviewed. Intracranial procedure time (icPT) from catheter placement to thrombectomy completion was analyzed using propensity score (PS) matched analysis of patients with successful recanalization achieved in <30 min versus ≥30 min (n=1006/group). Primary outcome was modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 90 days (mRS 0–2 favorable). Secondary outcomes included mortality, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), and need for craniectomy.

Results

Using our flow model, we demonstrated a significant reduction in middle cerebral artery and anterior cerebral artery blood flow with the use of larger caliber catheters in the internal carotid artery. Controlling for covariates in 3318 patients, longer icPT predicted lower odds of 90-day favorable outcome (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.87, P<0.01), increased mortality (aOR 1.03, P<0.01), higher decompressive craniectomy rates (aOR 1.07, P<0.01), and increased sICH (aOR 1.07, P<0.01). Each additional 10 mins of icPT correlated with a 13% decrease in recanalization success. The impact of icPT on outcomes was consistent regardless of recanalization success, though catheter size influenced effects. Reduced intraprocedural blood pressure worsened icPT’s effects.

Conclusions

This study is the first to demonstrate the risks associated with the duration of catheter use during MT and to propose strategies to mitigate these risks in AIS.
Structural changes in the nociceptive system induced by long-term conventional spinal cord stimulation in experimental painful diabetic polyneuropathy
Authors: Geus Thomas de , Franken Glenn , Zuidema Xander , van Zundert Jan , Joosten Elbert A J
Published: November 2024

Background

Clinical studies suggest that long-term conventional spinal cord stimulation (LT-SCS) for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PDPN) is initially effective but may decline in efficacy over time. Preclinical studies indicate that LT-SCS alleviates mechanical hypersensitivity and enhances hind paw blood flow in PDPN rats, suggesting nociceptive system plasticity. This study hypothesized that LT-SCS induces peripheral hind paw small-fiber sprouting and reduces central protein expression of glial and P2X4 brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) pathway markers.

Methods

Diabetes was induced via Streptozotocin injection in 32 rats, with 16 developing PDPN and receiving a quadrupolar lead implant. LT-SCS was applied for 4 weeks, 12 hours per day. Pain behavior was assessed using the Von Frey test for mechanical hypersensitivity and the mechanical conflict avoidance system for motivational aspects of pain. Fiber sprouting was assessed via immunohistochemical analysis of nerve fibers in the hind paw skin. Protein expression in the spinal cord was assessed using western blotting.

Results

LT-SCS increased the baseline threshold of mechanical hypersensitivity in PDPN animals, consistent with previous findings, but showed no effects on motivational aspects of pain. Hind paw tissue analysis revealed significantly increased intraepidermal nerve fiber density of PGP9.5 fibers in LT-SCS animals compared with Sham-SCS animals. Protein analysis showed significantly decreased pro-BDNF expression in LT-SCS animals compared with Sham-SCS animals.

Conclusion

LT-SCS induces structural changes in both peripheral and central components of the nociceptive system in PDPN animals. These changes may contribute to observed behavioral modifications, elucidating mechanisms underlying LT-SCS efficacy in PDPN management.
The impact of projected Canadian regional climate model data on flexible pavement performance
Authors: Maadani Omran , Shafiee Mohammad , Hiedra-Cobo Juan
Published: November 2024

This paper explores the impact of projected climatic loading parameters, utilizing Environment and Climate Change Canada data, on flexible pavement performance and design. Despite the expectation that flexible roads should endure various structural and environmental conditions throughout their design life, premature damage often occurs within the initial 3–5 years of service. Therefore, understanding the impact of climate change on flexible pavements in the historical, short, intermediate, and long terms becomes crucial.

The pavement mechanistic empirical design (PMED) was employed to assess climatic loading effects on pavement design and performance. PMED-predicted rutting performance showed sensitivity when comparing historical and projected climatic loading parameters up to 2093. Preliminary results based on a 25-year design life for City of Windsor revealed a 72% higher rutting impact compared to historical data, shortening the pavement's design life by 28%, 56%, and 68% for short, intermediate, and long terms, respectively.
AAC Planet field pea
Authors: Bing Deng-Jin , Beauchesne Don , Miller Michelle , Mollison Brett , Naeem Hamid
Published: November 2024

AAC Planet is a semi-leafless and powdery mildew (caused by Erysiphe pisi Syd.) resistant field pea ( Pisum sativum L.) variety developed at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada. It has high yielding potential, late maturity, tall plant height with good lodging resistance, medium seed size, round seed shape, and low seed coat breakage. It has maturity of 100 days, and thousand-seed weight of 221 g with seed protein content of 24.6%. AAC Planet has a lodging score of 3.2 on the scale of 1–9. It is moderately susceptible to mycosphaerella blight (caused by Mycosphaerella pinodes) and fusarium root rot (caused by Fusarium avenaceum and F. solani).
Climate change and urban flooding: assessing remote sensing data and flood modeling techniques: a comprehensive review
Authors: Bagheri Azin , Liu Gang-Jun
Published: November 2024

This review critically examines the current understanding of climate change impacts on urban flooding, synthesizing recent findings to provide a comprehensive overview of how rising temperatures, sea-level rise, and increased extreme weather events influence urban flooding. Additionally, it discusses various flood modeling techniques, outlining their advantages and disadvantages. Covering a broad spectrum of studies published between 2007 and 2024, selected for their relevance and approach, this review highlights several key findings. Climate change significantly exacerbates urban flooding disasters, with remote sensing emerging as an indispensable tool for climate change and flood monitoring and prediction. Despite these advancements, notable gaps remain in the literature. There is a conspicuous lack of long-term impact studies and limited discourse on the efficacy of existing mitigation strategies. Additionally, the review underscores the deficiency of real-time flood monitoring systems specifically designed for urban areas. These gaps highlight an urgent need for targeted research and the development of adaptive management practices to enhance flood prediction and management in urban settings. Future research must focus on advancing real-time monitoring systems, integrating remote sensing technologies more effectively, and developing comprehensive flood models. The review also emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary approaches that merge hydrology, climatology, urban planning, and technology. By consolidating existing research, this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and policymakers. It underscores the critical need for innovative flood modeling techniques and adaptive management strategies to tackle the challenges posed by climate change. This synthesis not only enriches the current body of knowledge but also provides clear directions for future investigations, emphasizing the imperative for improved prediction, preparedness, and response mechanisms in urban flooding management.
Analysis of Students’ Ideological Education Content Identification Based on Intelligent Algorithm Empowerment
Authors: Zhou Dandan
Published: November 2024

Intelligent algorithm recommendation technology, which is starting a new era of information dissemination, gradually diffuses in the network, constructing social thoughts, behaviors and values. In the era of intelligent algorithm recommendation, algorithm recommendation is based on the accurate “portrait” of users, which realizes the accurate distribution of users’ information needs. This technology also makes ideological and theoretical courses in colleges and universities face many opportunities and challenges. On one hand, intelligent algorithms promote the accuracy of education and teaching; On the other hand, it has a strong impact on the teaching of ideological and theoretical courses. Personalized recommendation system based on intelligent algorithm empowerment came into being. This paper analyzes the influence of intelligent algorithm empowerment on boosting students’ ideological education content identification, and constructs a model of boosting students’ ideological education content identification based on intelligent algorithm empowerment. The experimental results show that the intelligent algorithm has a high accuracy rate of 90.5% and a recall rate of 91.2%.
Analysis and Research of Printmaking Teaching Effect Based on Virtual Generation Technology and Neural Network Evaluation Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Juan
Published: November 2024

Traditional printmaking teaching is often limited by factors such as materials, equipment, and space, making it difficult for every student to fully practice and experience the entire process of printmaking creation. By introducing virtual generation technology, this study aims to create an immersive learning environment that allows students to intuitively observe, operate, and learn printmaking in a virtual environment, thereby stimulating their learning interest and motivation. In this system, students can create and learn prints through virtual reality technology, and at the same time, a neural network evaluation algorithm can evaluate and feedback on students’ works in real time. The combination of virtual generation technology and neural network evaluation algorithms can effectively improve the effect of printmaking teaching. First, virtual reality technology provides students with an immersive learning environment that enables them to more intuitively understand the creative process of printmaking. Second, the neural network evaluation algorithm can evaluate students’ works in real time, provide personalized feedback, and help students better master printmaking skills. The combination of virtual generation technology and neural network evaluation algorithms cannot only improve students’ learning interests but also improve teachers’ teaching efficiency. By using virtual reality technology, teachers can better demonstrate the process of printmaking, while neural network evaluation algorithms can help teachers understand students’ learning more accurately, so as to achieve more targeted teaching.
Research on Automatic Generation System of Dance Movements Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Jie Chen
Published: November 2024

It is difficult for traditional generation methods to accurately match dance movements and dance music in the automatic generation of dance. This paper introduces the technologies related to deep learning (DL) and proposes a system for automatic dance generation based on DL. The dance generation algorithm is the system’s linchpin. The first step is to extract dance and audio characteristics. Identifying the skeletal data of the dance movement is crucial to the extraction process. This paper employs an enhanced 3D convolutional neural network to determine the dance movement skeleton sequence. In the second step, a generative model capable of generating dance moves that precisely match the dance music is designed. The experimental results demonstrate that the dance movement recognition method proposed in this paper is highly accurate, that the dance generation method is very close to the actual dance movement, that the music matching rate is more accurate, and that the dance generation effect is favorable.
Power Grid Service Data Management Model Based on Four-Cross Tree Method
Authors: Xu Min , Tang Li , Zhu Yanjie , Liu Haibin , Yan Ke
Published: November 2024

Quadtree is a widely used data structure for representing and managing two-dimensional spatial data. This paper proposes a grid business data management model utilizing the Quadtree method to address the challenges in handling grid data. The model integrates Quadtree’s spatial data structure with the specific needs of grid business data management to enhance storage efficiency and query performance. The implementation involves several key steps: First, the grid data is partitioned into distinct regions based on spatial characteristics. Second, a Quadtree is constructed to organize these regions hierarchically. Third, efficient data storage and querying mechanisms are developed based on this structure. Experimental results indicate that the proposed model significantly improves data management for grid systems, providing enhanced support for grid operation and management through increased efficiency in data storage and retrieval.
An Online Marketing Method for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Based on Big Data Technology
Authors: Hu Chun , Wu Chuanjian
Published: November 2024

Marketing methods often have high costs and limited effectiveness, making it difficult to stand out in fierce market competition. A bidirectional personalized recommendation algorithm based on customer preferences is proposed to help small and medium-sized enterprises more accurately locate their target customers. Based on other customers’ and neighbors’ purchases, the customer’s purchase information is first expanded. Calculate a customer’s product preference weight, assess a customer’s purchasing preferences, and provide personalized product recommendations based on a customer’s preferences. Design the methodology. Finally, mining customers similar to the sample customers to form a community, providing merchants with recommendations for potential customers and precise customer maintenance based on the sample customers provided by the merchants. The algorithm’s efficacy can be proven by conducting experiments on real datasets, which can be used in personalized recommendation research.
A Seifert algorithm for integral homology spheres
Authors: Alegria Linda V. , Menasco William W.
Published: November 2024

From classical knot theory we know that every knot in [Formula: see text] is the boundary of an oriented, embedded surface. A standard demonstration of this fact achieved by elementary techniques comes from taking a regular projection of any knot and employing Seifert’s constructive algorithm. In this note we give a natural generalization of Seifert’s algorithm to any closed integral homology 3-sphere. The starting point of our algorithm is presenting the handle structure of a Heegaard splitting of a given integral homology sphere as a planar diagram on the boundary of a [Formula: see text]-ball. (For a well-known example of such a planar presentation, see the Poincaré homology sphere planar presentation in Knots and Links by Rolfsen 3.) An oriented link can then be represented by the regular projection of an oriented [Formula: see text]-strand tangle. From there we give a natural way to find a “Seifert circle” and associated half-twisted bands.
Separation property and asymptotic behavior for a transmission problem of the bulk-surface coupled Cahn–Hilliard system with singular potentials and its Robin approximation
Authors: Lv Maoyin , Wu Hao
Published: November 2024

We consider a class of bulk-surface coupled Cahn–Hilliard systems in a smooth, bounded domain [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text], where the bulk phase variable is connected to the surface phase variable via a Dirichlet boundary condition or its Robin approximation. For a general class of singular potentials (including the physically relevant logarithmic potential), we establish the regularity propagation of global weak solutions to the initial boundary value problem. In particular, when the spatial dimension is two, we prove the instantaneous strict separation property, which ensures that every global weak solution remains uniformly away from the pure states [Formula: see text] after any given positive time. In the three-dimensional case, we obtain the eventual strict separation property that holds for sufficiently large time. This strict separation property allows us to prove that every global weak solution converges to a single equilibrium as time goes to infinity using the Łojasiewicz–Simon approach. Finally, we study the double obstacle limit for the problem with logarithmic potentials in the bulk and on the boundary, showing that as the absolute temperature [Formula: see text] tends to zero, the corresponding weak solutions converge (for a suitable subsequence) to a weak solution of the problem with a double obstacle potential.
AutoFR: Automated Filter Rule Generation for Adblocking
Authors: Le Hieu , Elmalaki Salma , Markopoulou Athina , Shafiq Zubair
Published: November 2024

Adblocking relies on filter lists, which are manually curated and maintained by a community of filter list authors. Filter list curation is a laborious process that does not scale well to a large number of sites or over time. In this article, we introduce AutoFR, a reinforcement learning framework to fully automate the process of filter rule creation and evaluation for sites of interest. We design an algorithm based on multi-arm bandits to generate filter rules that block ads while controlling the trade-off between blocking ads and avoiding visual breakage. We test AutoFR on thousands of sites and show that it is efficient: It takes only a few minutes to generate filter rules for a site of interest. AutoFR is effective: It optimizes filter rules for a particular site that can block 86% of the ads, as compared to 87% by EasyList, while achieving comparable visual breakage. Using AutoFR as a building block, we devise three methodologies that generate filter rules across sites based on: (1) a modified version of AutoFR, (2) rule popularity, and (3) site similarity. We conduct an in-depth comparative analysis of these approaches by considering their effectiveness, efficiency, and maintainability. We demonstrate that some of them can generalize well to new sites in both controlled and live settings. We envision that AutoFR can assist the adblocking community in automatically generating and updating filter rules at scale.