bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Repercussions of a Raid: Health and Education Outcomes of Children Entangled in Immigration Enforcement
Authors: Heinrich Carolyn , Hernández Mónica , Shero Mason
Published: December 2022

Interior immigration enforcement in the U.S. has rapidly increased over the past two decades, including increased Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) activity and the revival of workplace raids under the Trump administration. We contribute to the body of research that aims to better understand the consequences of immigration enforcement for children in targeted communities, including on their education, health, and socioemotional well‐being. We employ a mixed methods research design to investigate the effects of the sweeping April 2018 Morristown, Tennessee immigration raid on children's health and education outcomes. We utilize linked, longitudinal health and education data on children and a quasi‐experimental design to analyze the effects of the raid on those residing in close proximity to the raid. Interview data from community members and organizations in the affected area aid in better understanding how the raid unfolded and the mechanisms through which a community trauma such as this might affect children both directly and indirectly. Our results indicate negative effects across multiple education and behavioral health outcomes for children of immigrants living in the area targeted by the raid, including a substantial spike in absences from school in the month of the raid and significant increases in exclusionary disciplinary actions and in diagnoses of substance use disorder, depression, self‐harm, suicide attempts or ideation, and sexual abuse in the year following the raid.
Financial hardships and psychosocial outcomes among parents of children who die of cancer
Authors: Davis Elizabeth S. , Wimberly Courtney E. , Towry Lisa , Johnston Emily E. , Walsh Kyle M.
Published: December 2022

Background

Caregivers experience financial hardship during a child's cancer treatment and after their child's death. These bereaved caregivers also experience negative psychosocial outcomes following the death of a child, but the relationship between financial hardship and negative psychosocial outcomes is poorly understood in this population.

Methods

We surveyed self‐selected bereaved caregivers as part of a publicly posted survey through Alex's Lemonade Stand Foundation in order to explore family experiences after losing a child to cancer. The survey contained questions regarding parent psychosocial and financial outcomes following their child's death.

Results

One‐hundred seventy‐six caregivers completed the survey a median of 7 years after their child's death. The majority were female (91%), non‐Hispanic White (97%), and married or living with a domestic partner (76%). Overall, 31% of caregivers reported that their child's death significantly impacted the financial well‐being of their family, 23% experienced a decrease in income following their child's death, and 14% were still paying medical expenses. Financial hardship that the caregiver attributed to the child's death was associated with feeling lonely and isolated (adjusted relative risk [ARR] = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1–2.7) and living day to day (ARR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.3–2.5), even after adjustment for household income and time since child's death.

Conclusions

Caregivers experience multiple financial hardships following the death of a child to cancer, which endure for years after the child's death. These hardships are associated with negative psychosocial outcomes, demonstrating the need for both financial and psychosocial interventions for caregivers following the death of a child to cancer.
Chemometric analysis applied to 1H NMR and FTIR data for a quality parameter distinction of red fruit (Pandanus conoideus, lam.) oil products
Authors: Triyasmono Liling , Schollmayer Curd , Holzgrabe Ulrike
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Red fruit oil (RFO) is a natural product extracted from Pandanus conoideus Lam. fruit, a native plant from Papua, Indonesia. Recent studies indicate that RFO is popularly consumed as herbal medicine. Therefore, the quality of RFO must be assured.

Objectives

This study aimed to develop a chemometric analysis applied to 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) data for important quality parameter distinction of red fruit oil (RFO), especially regarding the degree of unsaturation and the amount of free fatty acids (FFA).

Materials and methods

Forty samples consisting of one crude RFO, thirty‐three commercial RFOs, and three oils as blends, including olive oil, virgin coconut oil, and black seed oil, were analysed by 1H NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. After appropriate preprocessing of the spectra, principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares regression (PLSR) were used for model development.

Results

The essential signals for modelling the degree of unsaturation are the signal at δ = 5.37–5.27 ppm (1H NMR) and the band at 3000–3020 cm−1 (FTIR). The FFA profile represents the signal at δ = 2.37–2.20 ppm (1H NMR) and the band at 1680–1780 cm−1 (FTIR). PCA allows the visualisation grouping on both methods with > 98% total principal component (PC) for the degree of unsaturation and > 88% total PC for FFA values. In addition, the PLSR model provides an acceptable coefficient of determination (R2) and errors in calibration, prediction, and cross‐validation.

Conclusion

Chemometric analysis applied to 1H NMR and FTIR spectra of RFO successfully grouped and predicted product quality based on the degree of unsaturation and FFA value categories.
Spirocyclization enhances the Diels–Alder reactivities of geminally substituted cyclopentadienes and 4H‐pyrazoles
Authors: Levandowski Brian J. , Abularrage Nile S. , Raines Ronald T.
Published: December 2022

The Diels–Alder reactivity of 5‐membered dienes is tunable through spirocyclization at the saturated center. As the size of the spirocycle decreases, the Diels–Alder reactivity increases with the cyclobutane spirocycle, spiro[3.4]octa‐5,7‐diene, being the most reactive. Density functional theory calculations suggest that spiro[3.4]octa‐5,7‐diene dimerizes 220,000‐fold faster than 5,5‐dimethylcyclopentadiene and undergoes a Diels–Alder reaction with ethylene 1200‐fold faster than 5,5‐dimethylcyclopentadiene. These findings show that spirocyclization is an effective way to enhance the Diels–Alder reactivity of geminally substituted 5‐membered dienes.
Effect of Internal Pressure on Incipient Ferroelectricity of Nanoconfined Water Molecules Observed in Hydrothermally Grown Beryl Crystals
Authors: Gorshunov Boris , Abalmasov Veniamin , Uskov Vladimir , Chan Yuk Tai , Uykur Ece , Abramov Pavel , Dressel Martin , Thomas Victor , Savinov Maxim
Published: December 2022

Quasistatic dielectric permittivity of D2O type I molecules (electric dipole moment perpendicular to the crystallographic c‐axis) within hydrothermally grown beryl crystals characterized by different internal pressure and content of D2O type II molecules (dipole moment parallel to the c‐axis) is measured at temperatures 4–300 K. All crystals are found to display quantum paraelectric behavior of the D2O‐I molecular subsystem permittivity, that is, permittivity growth while cooling from room temperature followed by saturation below 15–40 K. Processing the data with the Barrett expression shows that excess internal pressure and excess content of D2O‐II molecules lead to an increase in quantum temperature T1 and a decrease in the Curie constant C, with the Curie temperature TC remaining unchanged. The discovered strengthening of quantum effects (growth of T1) within an ensemble of dipole–dipole‐coupled D2O‐I molecules is associated with an enhanced azimuthal tunneling of these molecules within the hexagonal localizing potential. The data indicate the possibility of using crystal growth conditions to “tune” the strength of quantum effects in the network of polar water molecules, which provides a workbench for further studies of exotic phases of a lattice of coupled “point” electric dipoles.
Josephson Transmission Line Revisited
Authors: Kogan Eugene
Published: December 2022

Herein, the series‐connected Josephson transmission line (JTL), constructed from Josephson junctions, capacitors, and (possibly) resistors, is considered. It is shown that the compact travelling waves in the lossy JTL are the shocks, some of their properties including their velocity are studied. The velocity of shocks in the discrete lossy JTL is calculated. The continuum, the quasi‐continuum, and the quasi‐discrete approximations for the discrete JTL, both lossless and lossy, are thoroughly studied. In the framework of the latter, it is shown that the only compact travelling waves in the lossless JTL are the kinks and the solitons. On top of the continuum and the quasi‐continuum approximations, the simple wave approximation, which decouples the JTL equations into two separate equations for the right‐ and left‐going waves, is proposed. The approximation, in particular, allows to easily consider the formation of shocks in the lossy JTL.
Hybrid neural network control of uncertain switched nonlinear systems with bounded disturbance
Authors: Bali Arun , Singh Uday Pratap , Kumar Rahul , Jain Sanjeev
Published: December 2022

In this work, we focus on the design of a hybrid neural tracking controller for a class of uncertain switched nonlinear systems with bounded disturbance. A new tracking control model is constructed using adaptive particle swarm optimization (APSO) based neural network called hybrid neural network (HNN). Hybrid neural tracking controller is developed by combining the backstepping approach and neural network approximation ability along with complexity analysis. A common Lyapunov function (CLF) is used for the stability of the proposed model, to develop a CLF for the switched system, a virtual control function is developed via adaptive law and HNN. By appropriately choosing the design parameters, it has been proven that all closed‐loop signals are semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded and the tracking error converges to a small bounded region around the origin. Finally, two numerical examples and a real‐life example about one‐link manipulator systems demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid controller.
Amphiphilically Modified Porous Polymeric Nanosandwich‐Based Membranes for Rapid and Efficient Water Treatment
Authors: Huang Wen , Liu Qiantong , Zhang Xingcai , Chen Zirun , Zheng Bingna , Wu Dingcai
Published: December 2022

Low removal efficiency, long treatment time, and high energy consumption hinder advanced and eco‐friendly use of traditional adsorbents and separation membranes. Here, a class of amphiphilically modified 2D porous polymeric nanosandwich is designed and is subsequently assembled into adsorptive membranes. The 2D nanosandwich is gifted with high porosity and excellent pore accessibility, demonstrating rapid adsorption kinetics. The as‐assembled membrane integrates unimpeded interlayer channels and well‐developed, amphiphilic, and highly accessible intralayer nanopores, leading to ultrafast water permeation (1.2 × 104 L m−2 h−1 bar−1), high removal efficiency, and easy regeneration. The family of the membrane can be expanded by changing amphiphilic functional groups, further providing treatment of a wide‐spectrum of pollutants, including aromatic compounds, pesticide, and pharmaceuticals. It is believed that the novel amphiphilically modified adsorptive membrane offers a distinct water treatment strategy with ultrahigh water permeation and efficient pollutants removal performances, and provides a multiple‐in‐one solution to the detection and elimination of pollutants.
Volatile Additive Strategy Triggering 17.48% Efficient Post‐Treatment‐Free Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Guangquan , Hu Dingqin , Tang Hua , Song Hang , Duan Shengnan , Kan Zhipeng , Lu Shirong
Published: December 2022

Active layer morphology is critical to determine the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells (OSCs), and additive‐assisted morphology optimization is one of the most widely used strategies to fine tune the donor–acceptor network in the active layer. However, the postprocessing procedures and additive residues require additional efforts to maintain the device performance. Herein, a low‐cost, simple structural design and volatile solid additive 2,5‐diiodothiophene is demonstrated to effectively optimize the active layer morphology and prompt the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of OSCs without any post‐treatment, outperforming the devices fabricated with the prototypical volatile additive 1,4‐diiodobenzene. The 2,5‐diiodothiophene (DIT)‐optimized PM6:Y6 binary OSCs obtain a PCE of 17.48%, accompanied with reduced trap‐assisted charge recombination and balanced charge carrier mobility. In addition, we notice that the bromide and chlorine analogues of DIT can enhance the device performance to a certain extent as well. The findings suggest that the post‐treatment‐free nature of the thiophene‐based processing additives are promising candidates for tuning the active layer morphology, providing simple processability for large‐scale fabrication of OSCs.
Mobile Induction Heat Treatment of Large‐Sized Spur Gear—The Effect of Scanning Speed and Air Gap on the Uniformity of Hardened Depth and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Saputro Imang Eko , Chen Chi-Peng , Jheng Yi-Siang , Huang Hung-Chieh , Fuh Yiin-Kuen
Published: December 2022

Prematurely fractured teeth of SCM440 large‐sized spur gear are commonly found among gears of a mechanical press machine. The macroscopic inspection and microstructure examination of a fractured tooth are established to show that the previous induction hardening process produced two serious issues; insufficient hardening in the root areas and nonuniform hardened depth along the tooth circumference. The numerical simulation is executed to replicate the previous induction hardening process, which consists of simulations for tooth‐to‐tooth mobile induction heating, water spray quenching, and the tempering process. This study highlights the influence of most adjustable parameters, such as the scanning speed of the inductor coil and air gap, to collect beneficial insights for further improvements. Experimental and numerical results are compared to validate the numerical model used. The adjustment of scanning speed and air gap highly affects the magnitude and uniformity of hardened depth along the tooth profile. Promising improvements can be achieved by slower, smaller scanning speeds and thinner air gaps, where the distortion is still in the allowed allowable range. This research provides a method and insights for future explorations to deal with relevant issues in the tooth‐to‐tooth mobile induction hardening process.
Flexural performance of circular concrete‐filled double steel tubular members: Testing, modeling, and strength predictions
Authors: Ci Junchang , Ahmed Mizan , Zhou Daxing , Hou Liqun , Chen Shicai
Published: December 2022

This paper presents experimental and numerical investigations on circular concrete‐filled double steel tubular (CFDST) members under flexural load. Seven specimens including five CFDST specimens were tested and the test parameters included the effects of concrete compressive strength, the thickness of the steel tubes, and the diameter ratio on their flexural performance. The final failure modes, moment (M)‐curvature (ϕ) curves, deflection curves of specimens, and distributions of section longitudinal strains were analyzed and reported in this study. A nonlinear finite element model (FEM) was then developed for the CFDST members. After successful validation in ultimate strengths and failure modes, parametric studies were performed by using the verified FEM. A simple formula for calculating the flexural capacity of CFDST members was proposed and compared against several design codes to investigate the design accuracy. Based on this study, it was found that the CFDST members exhibit ductile behavior under flexural load. Increasing the steel area, particularly for the outer tube improved the flexural capacities of the members. Furthermore, the existing design codes were found to be remarkably underestimating the moment capacities of CFDST members whereas the design formula proposed can predict the ultimate flexural capacity with reasonable accuracy.
Sustainability in construction: The urgent need for a new ethics
Authors: Regúlez Borja , Faria Duarte M.V. , Todisco Leonardo , Fernández Ruiz Miguel , Corres Hugo
Published: December 2022

This paper introduces the key concepts of sustainability in the construction industry, together with a call for an urgent action to change the culture of all implied agents. The work presents an objective framework to evaluate sustainability through the analysis of the stages of the Integrated Life Cycle Assessment (ILCA). Such approach is applied to the global warming emissions indicator, and different aspects are investigated to support designers toward more sustainable designs. First, the principles for ILCA are introduced and sound values for the emissions of different structural materials are critically discussed and filtered taking into account the recently increased sensitivity to environmental aspects. On that basis, objective comparisons are presented for practical examples related to buildings and bridges. Specific design alternatives, based on the use of different materials and structural typologies, are also illustrated and compared to the original solution. The conclusions help the designer to identify which are the critical decisions leading to projects respectful of sustainability considerations. Specifically, material selection, structural efficiency, and a sound conceptual design are identified as the key aspects of sustainability.
Typification of two aquatic plant names described by Linnaeus from highly heterogeneous original elements: Sagittaria sagittifolia (Alismataceae) and Sparganium erectum (Typhaceae)
Authors: Ferrer‐Gallego P. Pablo , Grebenjuk Alexey V. , Iamonico Duilio , Iberite Mauro , Talavera Salvador
Published: December 2022

The original material of the Linnaean names Sagittaria sagittifolia and Sparganium erectum both represent more than one taxon. This had previously led to a reluctance to resolve the nomenclature of these two species, led some to consider the application of the names doubtful, and even led some to propose that Sp. erectum should be treated as a nomen ambiguum. Incorporating study of the Linnaean correspondence and several unpublished manuscripts, we discuss these names and typify them here. Sagittaria sagittifolia is lectotypified with a specimen from LINN. Sparganium erectum is lectotypified with an illustration of “Platanaria sive Butomon” published by Dodoëns in 1616. An epitype is also designated for Sp. erectum because the lectotype is demonstrably ambiguous and the name cannot be applied to a currently recognized taxon with certainty. The previously designated lectotype of Sp. natans is also discussed, as is the importance of previously unrecognized original material in the Johann Georg Gmelin Herbarium at LE.
Improved ANN Method Based on Explicit Model for Characterization and Power Prediction of Photovoltaic Module
Authors: Zhang Yunpeng , Wang Siyi
Published: December 2022

With the continuous increase of solar penetration rate, the volatility and randomness of solar irradiance have brought difficulties to grid management. Therefore, accurate characterization and maximum power point prediction of photovoltaic (PV) modules is important for maximum power point tracking and ensuring grid stability. The single‐diode model is that traditional characterization method commonly used but is inconvenient and complex because it employs an implicit equation. This paper proposes a novel model, based on an artificial neural network (ANN) with 4‐input and an explicit analytical model, for estimating the maximum power point and current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of PV modules under different operating conditions. Based on irradiance and temperature, the model considers the solar zenith angle and the solar azimuth angle, reducing the loss of accuracy of the solar spectrum and the solar incident angle. The input layer of the neural network has four neurons, which are solar radiation, module temperature, zenith and azimuth. The outputs are the four shape parameters in the explicit analytical model. Once the neural network is trained using historical measured data, it can build a shape model based on the temperature, solar radiation, zenith angle and azimuth angle at a certain moment, and estimate the maximum power point and I–V characteristics without solving any nonlinearity formula equation. Through experimental verification, it can be concluded that the 4‐input neural network after increasing the zenith angle and the azimuth angle is more accurate than the 2‐input neural network. Finally, the experimental data of four types of photovoltaic modules are used to verify the reliability and accuracy of the proposed model. Since the zenith angle and azimuth angle are considered, the accuracy of the model is improved and the calculation time is reduced. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
The deflectors influence on flow complexity, bed morphology, sediment transport and water quality of urban lotic waters ‐ A laboratory study
Authors: Sooriyaarachchi Dona T. A. , Gomes Pattiyage I. A.
Published: December 2022

In this laboratory study different combinations of bed (sand, pebble gravel [gravel], and a mix of sand and gravel) and flow (typical and overtopping) were experimented with to investigate the impact of porous deflectors in flow diversity, water quality, and fish performance in prismatic open channels. Deflectors changed the gradually varied flow to a rapidly varied flow, as a sudden change in the water depth was observed at the deflectors, and this change was large for smooth beds. With the presence of gravel, the scouring near the downstream deflector was almost twice that of the sand bed, and with the scouring at its own upstream deflector, irrespective of whether the flow was typical or overtopping. This behavior was a result of sand mobilization due to shear stress and sand mobilization aided gravel transport. The mixed bed showed less gravel movement compared to the gravel‐only bed. The percentage of sediment washed out was minor for all bed scenarios, indicating that sediment transport was local. Relative to the sand bed without deflectors (representing a typical urban canal), deflectors resulted in reduced and improved water quality (in terms of sediment load) for sand, and mixed bed, respectively. The fishes found refuge and were comfortable in the pool areas created by deflectors unlike in channels without deflectors where they showed exhaustion.
How vacuum technology enables progress in spaceflight
Authors: Heitz Ingo
Published: December 2022

The use of spacecraft in space research is based on completely different environmental conditions than here on Earth. In addition to the decreasing gravity and the enormous temperature differences, the vacuum in space must also be taken into account. Since the function, e.g. of the thrusters, under these environmental conditions cannot be simulated with mathematical calculations alone, real tests have to be carried out. Vacuum technology plays an important role here. To maintain the pressure level at the desired value, the vacuum system must extract the exhaust gases from the rocket engine and compress them against atmospheric pressure. In this article, a real project and how Pfeiffer Vacuum experts worked with the customer to develop a solution based on a three‐stage Roots pumping system is described. Both the challenges and the solutions during the development process are highlighted.
Oberflächliche Quantenkontrolle
Authors: Willke Philip
Published: December 2022

Die Spinresonanz kommt in Kernspintomografen und in Analysegeräten in der Physik, Chemie und Biologie, sowohl in Forschung als auch Industrie zum Einsatz. Eine neue Methode erlaubt Elektronenspinresonanz an einzelnen Atomen und Molekülen in einem Rastertunnelmikroskop und liefert Einblicke in die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Atomen, in die Dynamik ihrer magnetischen Zustände und in die Eigenschaften einzelner Kernspins. Elektronenspins legen den Grundstein für verschiedene magnetische Phänomene und bilden in unterschiedlichen Quantenarchitekturen die Basis für hochsensitive Sensoren oder auch für Quantenbits. Die hier vorgestellte neue Methode gestattet es, einzelne Spins auf atomarer Skala zu messen und zu steuern. Dieser Zugang zu atomaren Quantenzuständen eröffnet auch neue Ansätze in der die Quanteninformationsverarbeitung.
Recent advances in quantum fragmentation approaches to complex molecular and condensed‐phase systems
Authors: Liu Jinfeng , He Xiao
Published: December 2022

Quantum mechanical (QM) calculations are critical in quantitatively understanding the relationship between the structure and physicochemical properties of various chemical systems. However, the sharply increasing computational cost with the system size has severely hindered applying direct QM calculations on large‐sized systems. Hence, linear‐scaling and/or fragmentation QM methods have been proposed to overcome this difficulty. In this review, we focus on the recent development and applications of the electrostatically embedded generalized molecular fractionation with the conjugate caps (EE‐GMFCC) method in probing various properties of complex large molecules and condensed‐phase systems. The EE‐GMFCC method is now capable of describing the localized excited states of biomolecules and molecular crystals with a chromophore. The EE‐GMF method is also combined with anharmonic vibrational calculations for accurate simulation of the infrared spectrum of the magic number H+(H2O)21 cluster at the coupled cluster level. With an adaptive fragmentation scheme, the EE‐GMF‐based ab initio molecular dynamics is able to directly simulate chemical reactions occurred in atmospheric molecular clusters. Furthermore, by combining the EE‐GMF(CC) method and deep machine learning techniques, neural network potentials can be efficiently constructed for accurate simulations of complex systems with the accuracy of high‐level wave function methods. The EE‐GMF(CC) method is expected to become a practical tool for quantitative description of complex large molecules and condensed‐phase systems with high‐level ab initio theories or ab initio quality potentials.

This article is categorized under:

Electronic Structure Theory > Ab Initio Electronic Structure Methods

Structure and Mechanism > Computational Biochemistry and Biophysics

Structure and Mechanism > Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis
Fast optimization of viscosities for frequency‐weighted damping of second‐order systems
Authors: Jakovčević Stor Nevena , Mitchell Tim , Tomljanović Zoran , Ugrica Matea
Published: December 2022

We consider frequency‐weighted damping optimization for vibrating systems described by a second‐order differential equation. The goal is to determine viscosity values such that eigenvalues are kept away from certain undesirable areas on the imaginary axis. To this end, we present two complementary techniques. First, we propose new frameworks using nonsmooth constrained optimization problems, whose solutions both damp undesirable frequency bands and maintain the stability of the system. These frameworks also allow us to weight, which frequency bands are the most important to damp. Second, we also propose a fast new eigensolver for the structured quadratic eigenvalue problems (QEPs) that appear in such vibrating systems. In order to be efficient, our new eigensolver exploits special properties of diagonal‐plus‐rank‐one (DPR1) complex symmetric matrices, which we leverage by showing how each QEP can be transformed into a short sequence of such linear eigenvalue problems. The result is an eigensolver that is substantially faster than standard techniques. By combining this new solver with our new optimization frameworks, we obtain our overall algorithm for fast computation of optimal viscosities. The efficiency and performance of our new approach are verified and illustrated on several numerical examples.
The First Revolution of the Twentieth Century: Fears of Socialism and Anti-Labour Mobilisation in Europe After the Russian Revolution of 1905
Authors: Bonnet Romain , Caruso Amerigo , Saluppo Alessandro
Published: December 2022

In the late-nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Europe experienced labour conflicts, unprecedented in their character, intensity and scope. From the waves of strikes and social conflicts of the pre-war era, through the ordeal of the First World War, and the extraordinary violence of the post-1917 upheavals, the revolutionary potential of mass strikes never ceased to torment those who were assigned, or self-appointed, to protect the threatened order. The purpose of this article is to analyse the repertoire of actions and ideas of right-wing civil defence leagues, vigilante organisations, private police and yellow unions which emerged at the end of the century, and most noticeably in the aftermath of the Russian Revolution of 1905. This phenomenon is considered in a comparative and transnational perspective, with a particular focus on the most industrialised societies of pre-war Europe: France, Germany and Great Britain. The article provides a systematisation and assessment of the different forms, types and characteristics of this process of relative privatisation and realignment in security roles, outlying trends and shared clusters of ideological beliefs in violent activity across various industries and national contexts. The article shows how the pre-war experience of vigilantism, anti-socialism and nationalism would represent a key incentive to the development of governmental strikebreaking schemes as well as an important situational antecedent for citizens’ militias and right-wing paramilitary organisations in the aftermath of the Great War.
Blow-Up of Strong Solutions of the Thermal Quasi-Geostrophic Equation
Authors: Crisan Dan , Mensah Prince Romeo
Published: December 2022

The Thermal Quasi-Geostrophic (TQG) equation is a coupled system of equations that governs the evolution of the buoyancy and the potential vorticity of a fluid. It has a local in time solution as proved in Crisan et al. (Theoretical and computational analysis of the thermal quasi-geostrophic model. Preprint arXiv:2106.14850, 2021). In this paper, we give a criterion for the blow-up of solutions to the Thermal Quasi-Geostrophic equation, in the spirit of the classical Beale–Kato–Majda blow-up criterion (cf. Beale et al., Comm. Math. Phys. 94(1), 61–66, 1984) for the solution of the Euler equation.
A Pathwise Parameterisation for Stochastic Transport
Authors: Lang Oana , Pan Wei
Published: December 2022

In this work we set the stage for a new probabilistic pathwise approach to effectively calibrate a general class of stochastic nonlinear fluid dynamics models. We focus on a 2D Euler SALT equation, showing that the driving stochastic parameter can be calibrated in an optimal way to match a set of given data. Moreover, we show that this model is robust with respect to the stochastic parameters.
End-to-End Kalman Filter in a High Dimensional Linear Embedding of the Observations
Authors: Ouala Said , Tandeo Pierre , Chapron Bertrand , Collard Fabrice , Fablet Ronan
Published: December 2022

Data assimilation techniques are the state-of-the-art approaches in the reconstruction of a spatio-temporal geophysical state such as the atmosphere or the ocean. These methods rely on a numerical model that fills the spatial and temporal gaps in the observational network. Unfortunately, limitations regarding the uncertainty of the state estimate may arise when considering the restriction of the data assimilation problems to a small subset of observations, as encountered for instance in ocean surface reconstruction. These limitations motivated the exploration of reconstruction techniques that do not rely on numerical models. In this context, the increasing availability of geophysical observations and model simulations motivates the exploitation of machine learning tools to tackle the reconstruction of ocean surface variables. In this work, we formulate sea surface spatio-temporal reconstruction problems as state space Bayesian smoothing problems with unknown augmented linear dynamics. The solution of the smoothing problem, given by the Kalman smoother, is written in a differentiable framework which allows, given some training data, to optimize the parameters of the state space model.
Frequentist Perspective on Robust Parameter Estimation Using the Ensemble Kalman Filter
Authors: Reich Sebastian
Published: December 2022

Standard maximum likelihood or Bayesian approaches to parameter estimation for stochastic differential equations are not robust to perturbations in the continuous-in-time data. In this paper, we give a rather elementary explanation of this observation in the context of continuous-time parameter estimation using an ensemble Kalman filter. We employ the frequentist perspective to shed new light on two robust estimation techniques; namely subsampling the data and rough path corrections. We illustrate our findings through a simple numerical experiment.
Education, training and technological innovation, key components of the ESTES-NIGHTINGALE project cooperation for Mass Casualty Incident preparedness in Europe
Authors: Yánez Benítez Carlos , Tilsed Jonathan , Weinstein Eric S. , Caviglia Marta , Herman Simon , Montán Carl , Achatz Gerhard , Cuthbertson Joe , Ragazzoni Luca , Sdongos Evangelos , Ashkenazi Itamar , Faccincani Roberto
Published: December 2022

Disasters induced by extreme weather events and terrorism-related activities, causing mass casualty incidents (MCIs) in Europe, are expected to increase in the upcoming years. This challenging scenario demands a high level of readiness and coordinated multi-disciplinary response to reduce morbidity and mortality. The European Society of Trauma and Emergency Surgery (ESTES) is one of the 23 partners of the European-funded project Novel Integrated Toolkit for Enhanced Pre-Hospital Life Support and Triage in Challenging and Large Emergencies (NIGHTINGALE), whose primary objective is to promote the exchange in experiences and define the best practices among first responders. Additionally, the project promotes multi-disciplinary and multi-institutional efforts to achieve technological innovation that will enhance preparedness in MCI management. This manuscript aims to describe the challenges of MCI triage, the education and training programs for MCI response in Europe, and the technological innovation that may aid optimal response. These three elements were discussed by ESTES Disaster and Military Surgery Section members during the German Society for Trauma Surgery session at the ECTES 2022 in Oslo “TDSC® and beyond: ideas and concepts for education and training in Terror Preparedness”, additionally the manuscript describes the first steps of the cooperation between ESTES and the rest of the NIGHTINGALE consortium.
How to Create a Hebrew Reader? Olam Katan (1901–1904) and the Young Hebrew Reading Public
Authors: Jagodzińska Agnieszka
Published: December 2022

Olam Katan [‘Small world’] was the first illustrated Hebrew periodical for Jewish children, published first in Vienna (1901–1902), then in Cracow (1902–1904). Although the periodical reached three continents, the overwhelming majority of its readers were located in Eastern Europe. This article analyses the editors’ efforts to create an attractive yet educational magazine for young readers as a part of a much bigger enterprise: raising a generation of Hebrew users and contributing to the revival of Hebrew. Through a content analysis of the periodical, I reconstruct not only the editors’ strategy to reach children and young readers but also the obstacles they faced in the process. I also seek to determine what the role of adults was in the process of children’s Hebrew education in general, and in mediating the content of this Hebrew periodical in particular.
Use of Impedance Spectroscopy for the Characterization of the Microstructure of Alkali Activated SiMn Slag: Influence of Activator and Time Evolution
Authors: Navarro R. , Zornoza E. , Alcocel E. G. , Sánchez I.
Published: December 2022

The impedance spectroscopy technique has been used to study the microstructure of the binder resulting from the alkaline activation of SiMn slag. Two alkaline activators were used: waterglass and NaOH. Three different concentrations were analysed for both activators: 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0% Na2O for NaOH; and 4.0, 4.5 and 5.0% Na2O for waterglass with a constant SiO2/Na2O ratio of 1.0. The time evolution of the microstructure has been followed up using the non-destructive technique of impedance spectroscopy. This technique has been proved to be effective describing the microstructural changes in alkali activated pastes, and also can help predicting the mechanical behavior of mortars. The use of the resistivity itself seems to be deficient, but the analysis of the electrical parameters calculated from the impedance spectra measured gives a complete idea of the evolution in the material.
Trade credit and firm investments: empirical evidence from Italian cooperative banks
Authors: Filomeni Stefano , Modina Michele , Tabacco Elena
Published: December 2022

By exploiting a unique and proprietary panel dataset comprising 6480 Italian SMEs having a relationship with 99 cooperative banks over the period 2008–2014, we investigate the influence of the trade credit channel on firm investment decisions in the Italian market, distinguished by a considerable presence of relationship cooperative banks’ branches with a heterogeneous geographical distribution. Firstly, our findings confirm a significant influence of the trade credit channel on firm investment decisions. Secondly, we document that SMEs located in those Italian provinces with an abundance of cooperative banks’ branches rely less on trade credit to finance investments. Lastly, we show that longer firm-bank relationships decrease firm dependence on trade credit to boost investments. Our study is of particular relevance because it strengthens the effectiveness of the trade credit channel for SMEs in spurring corporate investments. Indeed, fostering a deep understanding of the real effects of firm financing sources is paramount to encourage investment by SMEs and to allow them to preserve their positioning in the market. Moreover, we exploit the Italian market, well-suited to perform such an analysis, since it is characterized by more inter-personal financing relationships as compared to other countries.
Latency and sampling compensation in mixed-reality-in-the-loop simulations of production systems
Authors: Schnierle Marc , Röck Sascha
Published: December 2022

X-in-the-Loop Simulation methods (Model-in-the-Loop, Software-in-the-Loop and Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation) enable the virtual commissioning of production systems in the mechatronic development process by coupling control systems and digital twins. Mixed-Reality-in-the-Loop Simulations (MRiLS) extend this principle with Mixed Reality visualisation technologies to enhance the visual fusion of reality (e.g., real environment and human) and virtuality (digital twins), opening up a simulation loop in the reality-virtuality continuum with novel application potentials e.g., from development, training to maintenance. A major challenge in MRiLS is the positioning error of actuated real-data driven virtual components caused by latency and sampling processes between the industrial control system and the Mixed Reality device which significantly limits the application scope. To reduce this error, the paper proposes a compensation method that synchronises the Mixed Reality device to the stable time base of the control system and integrates a predictive positioning of virtual components. A software-based synchronisation method is presented, which allows the online estimation of the End-to-End latency between the control cycle and the visualisation. For prediction, interpolating and approximating section-wise defined polynomials are analysed. The error reduction by applying the compensation method is shown in a realisation example of a virtual gripper linked to a real robot kinematics.
Body image concerns in long-term head and neck cancer survivors: prevalence and role of clinical factors and patient-reported late effects
Authors: Ivanova Anna , Rodríguez-Cano Rubén , Kvalem Ingela Lundin , Harcourt Diana , Kiserud Cecilie E. , Amdal Cecilie D.
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Head and neck cancer (HNC) patients are at risk of long-term body image distress (BID). We aimed to investigate the severity of BID in long-term HNC survivors and to explore the associations between sociodemographic and clinical factors, patient-reported late effects, and cancer-related body image (BI) concerns.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included quality of life and BI assessment in an 8-year (SD = 1.58) follow-up after treatment among 258 HNC survivors. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between three groups of BI concerns (no concerns, mild to moderate concerns, and BID) and patient-reported late effects. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were included in the model as covariates.

Results

A total of 51.2% of participants had mild to moderate BI concerns, and 9.5% reported BID. Compared to those with no BI concerns, participants with BID were more likely to live without a partner, to have had radiotherapy and surgery, and to report worse emotional functioning and higher oral and throat pain. Compared to participants with no BI concerns, those with mild to moderate concerns reported higher oral and throat pain and speech problems.

Conclusions

Some level of cancer-related BI concerns persisted in the majority of HNC survivors many years after treatment, while a small proportion of survivors experienced BID. BI concerns were associated with treatment modality and patients’ daily functioning and symptoms.

Implications for Cancer Survivors

Insight into factors associated with BI problems may help to identify survivors at risk and may facilitate closer follow-up of survivors in need.
Robots in Games
Authors: Rato Diogo , Correia Filipa , Pereira André , Prada Rui
Published: December 2022

During the past two decades, robots have been increasingly deployed in games. Researchers use games to better understand human-robot interaction and, in turn, the inclusion of social robots during gameplay creates new opportunities for novel game experiences. The contributions from social robotics and games communities cover a large spectrum of research questions using a wide variety of scenarios. In this article, we present the first comprehensive survey of the deployment of robots in games. We organise our findings according to four dimensions: (1) the societal impact of robots in games, (2) games as a research platform, (3) social interactions in games, and (4) game scenarios and materials. We discuss some significant research achievements and potential research avenues for the gaming and social robotics communities. This article describes the state of the art of the research on robots in games in the hope that it will assist researchers to contextualise their work in the field, to adhere to best practices and to identify future areas of research and multidisciplinary collaboration.
From Distraction to Mindfulness: Latent Structure of the Spanish Mind-Wandering Deliberate and Spontaneous Scales and Their Relationship to Dispositional Mindfulness and Attentional Control
Authors: Cásedas Luis , Torres-Marín Jorge , Coll-Martín Tao , Carretero-Dios Hugo , Lupiáñez Juan
Published: December 2022

Objectives

Mind-wandering is a form of internal distraction that may occur both deliberately and spontaneously. This study aimed to provide a psychometric evaluation of the Spanish version of the Mind-Wandering Deliberate and Spontaneous (MW-D/MW-S) scales, as well as to extend prior research investigating their associations with dispositional mindfulness (Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire) and with the ability for attentional control of external distraction (Attentional Control Scale).

Method

In two large samples (n1 = 795; n2 = 1084), we examined latent structure, item- and dimension-level descriptive statistics, and internal consistency reliability scores of the Spanish MW-D/MW-S scales. Partial correlations were used to evaluate their associations with dispositional mindfulness and attentional control. Multiple linear regression and relative weight analyses were used to investigate whether or not, and to what extent, the facets of mindfulness could be uniquely predicted by internal and external distraction.

Results

The Spanish MW-D/MW-S scales demonstrated a two-factor structure, high internal consistency reliability scores, and good nomological validity. Dispositional mindfulness was independently explained by internal and external distraction. MW-S was the largest (negative) predictor of the scores of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, being this association particularly strong for the facet Acting with awareness. Conversely, MW-D was mildly associated with increased mindfulness. In addition, attentional control was found moderately negatively associated with MW-S and mildly positively associated with MW-D.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that the Spanish version of the MW-D/MW-S scales are a useful tool to assess individual differences in deliberate and spontaneous mind-wandering, shed light on the relationship between mindfulness and both internal and external distraction, and accentuate the critical role of intentionality in the study of the mind-wandering phenomena.
Engine thrust model determination and analysis using a large operational flight database
Authors: Deiler Christoph
Published: December 2022

Different engine thrust models are developed from operational flight data with limited a priori knowledge as part of a novel process for aircraft flight performance model determination. The given big data problem is solved by application of fundamental engineering knowledge and a specific data evaluation strategy. The resulting smart data approach is fundamentally different from existing artificial intelligence methods to solve such big data problems. A linear, a local-linear and a complex nonlinear thrust model are determined on the example of a given large database of operational flights with Airbus A 320neo aircraft. Even with limited information about the actual engine thrust from the available data, the resulting models allow to (well) predict the engine thrust characteristics within the required flight envelope. In addition, a temperature correction is predicted for the thrust model results to further enhance the model’s accuracy. Finally, the characteristics of the different thrust model implementations, evaluation results and thrust prediction quality are discussed.