bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“QUERO TE CONTAR O QUE APRENDI...” NARRATIVAS DE FORMAÇÃO E DE APRENDIZAGENS DA/NA/SOBRE A DOCÊNCIA
Authors: Portugal Jussara Fraga
Published: May 2020

Neste artigo intenciono partilhar reflexões decorrentes da análise interpretativa-compreensiva de narrativas de formação de quinze professores, graduandos em Geografia na Universidade do Estado da Bahia – UNEB/Campus XI, no semiárido da Bahia, referentes às aprendizagens da/na e sobre a docência. Trata-se de um recorte da pesquisa Trajetórias de aprendizagem da docência em Geografia: narrar, formar e iniciar, cuja questão norteadora foi: como os professores de Geografia em formação inicial, bolsistas de iniciação à docência, concebem as aprendizagens da/na/sobre a docência a partir de situações experienciadas no âmbito do subprojeto Formação docente e Geografia Escolar: das práticas e saberes espaciais à construção do conhecimento geográfico? As narrativas escritas, grafadas nos memoriais e nos diários de formação e, as orais, recolhidas mediante a realização de entrevistas narrativas revelaram episódios nas trajetórias de vida-escolarização-formação e evidenciaram as contribuições das situações formativas experienciadas no devir das ações do subprojeto e suas implicações no tornar-se professor.
Disposing of the Discredited: A European Project
Authors: Feher Michel
Published: May 2020

In a world where financial markets are hegemonic, credit is synonymous with value. Corporations, but also states, and even human beings, can be perceived as projects looking for investors. Within this global context, the European Union comes with two distinctive features: a rapidly aging population combined with a growing reluctance to open its borders to migrants. This means that, far from staking their credit on the restoration of some demographic dynamism, European nations continuously seek to raise the ratio of capital to labor. They do whatever is necessary to attract investments but also to prevent people deprived of favorably rated resources from coming in and to weed out the segments of their population that are the most likely to diminish their overall credit. Disposing of the discredited can thus be analyzed as a multidimensional European project rich in public-private partnerships: it involves letting migrants drown in the Mediterranean sea, making life unbearable for allegedly undesirable populations such as the Roma, pushing an increasing number of insufficiently malleable employees to suicide, erasing all traces of a large proportion of the unemployed from official registers, and, in countries like Greece, Portugal and Ireland, pushing more and more young nationals to migrate.
Absolute Capitalism
Authors: Balibar Étienne
Published: May 2020

In this essay, a tentative effort is made to adapt key categories of Marxism to the understanding of the world characterized by financialization and globalization. Looking for what David Harvey has called the “points of stress” in Marx’s theory of accumulation and crisis, the chapter explores two main issues: first, the withering away of the political (articulated around nations, classes, sovereignty, and antagonism) in a general economy of violence; and second, the articulation of “ecological debt” and “anti-planning” through the domination of liquidity over the organization of productive processes. Instead of focusing on the ideological category of “neo-liberalism,” the essay proposes to analyze the Great Transformation that leads from Historical Capitalism to a postcolonial and postsocialist Absolute Capitalism, the central “contradiction” of which reside in the structural and anthropological limits of commodification.
Fundamentalism: Not Just a Cautionary Tale
Authors: Humphrey Edith M.
Published: May 2020

Paradox attends the Biblical thread concerning foundations and the one true foundation, Christ—the unique divine cornerstone foundation is also a means of scandal to those who reject him. In this essay, Humphrey traces the history of the term “fundamentalism” from its Scriptural and Patristic reference to the person of Jesus Christ and/or the tradition of the Church, through the self-ascription of Protestant scholars of various denominations seeking an inclusive Christian minimalism, and into the pejorative use against sectarian evangelical Christians and political terrorists in the late twentieth century. In the end, the pejorative use of the term is too broad to offer us anything but a caricature, and “fundamentalism,” whatever it means, is more vilified than carefully explained or answered. She concludes by arguing that this term cannot reasonably be used against tradition-driven, maximalist Catholic or Orthodox Christians, and she suggests that its deployment signals a need for less conservative Christians to confront the issues raised by “fundamentalists” rather than resort to ad hominem attacks.
Conclusion
Authors: Diagne Souleymane Bachir
Published: May 2020

Diagne concludes with the the Bergsonism that Senghor and Iqbal each shaped for the purposes of their respective thought. Senghor’s Bergson was the Bergson of vital understanding who emphasized that “the intellect is characterized by a natural inability to comprehend life.” As for Muhammad Iqbal’s Bergsonism, Diage goes back to the word “affinity” to describe Iqbal’s relationship to Bergson’s philosophy. Rather than “applying” Bergson’s concepts, Iqbal truly thought withhim.
Corporeality
Authors: Gschwandtner Christina M.
Published: May 2020

Chapter 3 explores the role of the body in liturgy, beginning with what liturgical theology says about the body’s involvement in liturgical life and reviewing phenomenological insights into body and flesh. It explores how movement, posture, and gesture shape and direct the body within liturgy to a form of self-disclosure and vulnerability that opens those at worship for healing.
Community
Authors: Gschwandtner Christina M.
Published: May 2020

Chapter 6 considers the communal dimensions of liturgy, arguing that they are fundamental and provide a way to speak of communal religious experience (thereby criticizing the prevalent focus on the individual self in phenomenology). The chapter also focuses on the role imitation and identification play in liturgical experience.
Philosophy and Anthropology: With Lefort and Descombes
Authors: Hénaff Marcel
Published: May 2020

This chapter discusses the need to problematize more precisely the possible relationships between philosophy and social anthropology from the perspective of gift exchanges. In France, few philosophers have attempted this effort. Two of them seem especially interesting for this discussion because of their original relationship to Mauss's The Gift: Claude Lefort and Vincent Descombes. Their perspectives are very different. Lefort supports his reflection on the political realm and history based on the social sciences, whereas Descombes questions the validity of the concepts of those sciences, beginning with the concepts of society and social relationship. The question of the social bond is at the core of Lefort's and Descombes's inquiries. It is not enough to ask what unites a group, preserves its unity, and makes it view itself as forming a unique whole. Lefort examines whether seeking this bond entirely absorbs the energy of the members of the group and determines their choices and actions, while Descombes attempts to answer a more general question: How can an individual subject relate to another and view this relationship as being as evident and fundamental as their own existence? It is based on these kinds of questions that the exchange practices of traditional societies are chosen as providing the very model of the strong bond and the specific level that those authors seek to define.
Postliminary Directions
Authors: Hénaff Marcel
Published: May 2020

This concluding chapter examines how certain developments of phenomenology show an attempt to transform the description of the appearing of phenomena, understood as “givenness,” into a manifestation of a gesture of giving, and thus, through a gradual process of transfer, to shift from the field of knowledge to the realm of an enigmatic oblativity capable of being granted religious as well as moral valence. The position presented in this chapter keeps a distance from this kind of amalgamation. By establishing a clear distinction among different orders of the gift that cannot be placed on the same level, it makes it impossible to view the determinations of one of those levels as relevant to an assessment of the others. The chapter then argues that reciprocity involves forms of logic or requirements situated in different fields of questions that should not be confused with one another. It was thus necessary to present propositions and to engage in a reconstruction.
“This Is Lamu”: Belonging, Morality, and Materiality
Authors: Hillewaert Sarah
Published: May 2020

This chapter explores the present-day meanings residents attribute to “being from Lamu” and describe a moral code of respectability that shapes social structure and everyday interactions on the island.
“Youth” as a Discursive Construct
Authors: Hillewaert Sarah
Published: May 2020

This chapter picks up the discourses on change introduced in the foregoing chapter, but zooms in on the discursive construction of “youth” as a recently emerging category of social identification. Through the analysis of Lamu residents’ discourses on change, we see the social category of youth materialize as either enslaved to their longing for Western modernity (with explicit comparisons of youth to slaves) or as the “dot com” generation that has access to a range possibilities previously unreachable for their parents. The analysis of these discourses also demonstrates how differently positioned social actors read and evaluate verbal and non-verbal practices and link them to newly emerging social categories. Such reading of material signs and their explicit incorporation in evaluations of youth already hints at how young people are able to strategically use details of dress, smell, gaze, or stride in the presentation of self.
Interlude 3 Tupijeni Makamama (Let’s Embrace) Mahmoud Ahmed Abdulkadir
Authors: Hillewaert Sarah
Published: May 2020

Composed in March 2010, this poem was written for a workshop organized by the Research Institute of Swahili Studies in Eastern Africa (RISSEA). Focused on the preservation of Swahili culture in changing times, the workshop asked whether development necessarily entailed leaving one’s traditions. In this poem, Mahmoud Abdulkadir reminds the reader that waSwahili were historically more advanced than other population groups in Kenya, and he suggests that Swahili people can again attain that status. According to the poet, development does not require abandoning cultural practices. Rather, waSwahili ought to be selective and appropriate only those developments that do not contradict or violate Swahili traditions....
Beyond Recognition
Authors: Pinto Sarah
Published: May 2020

One of the greatest sadnesses of married life for Mrs. A. was the loss of the lead role in a college production of the play Shakuntala. Mrs. A. identified closely with Shakuntala, a heroine whose story is typically told as an ethical narrative of recognition. Skanutala’s story is the most detailed and thoroughly explored myth in the case, and its moral lessons are part of a long history of establishing identities and ethics of reform in the midst of colonial rule, histories that shaped Mrs. A.’s own world and the social and political ideas available to her. But its dimensions also establish starkly gendered conditions for the ethical ideal of recognition. As Mrs. A. imagined life after marriage, she reimagined alternate versions of Shakuntala’s story, transforming a story of recognition into one containing the personal and political possibilities of non-recognition. She did so not through interpretation, but through a dancerly orientation that cast ethics as feeling, gesture, movement, play, and even artifice, reimagining not only the content of ethics, but the very form ethics might take.
The New Day
Authors: Ford James Edward
Published: May 2020

This fifth notebook seeks to examine the joyous passions of the multitude by displacing self-renunciation with a frenzied ecstasy. This notebook also takes up the concept of “the New Day” from chapter 14, “Founding the Public School,” in Black Reconstruction. Du Bois offers the concept as an affirmative instance in the history of black education that makes this ecstatic communal orientation a condition of possibility for the dark proletariat’s intervention in American education. This notebook does not promise a new model of education but tries to understand ecstasy’s significance to black study and the institutions issuing from that critical practice.
Cultural Heritage Preservation and Canon Formation
Authors: Schroeder Caroline T.
Published: May 2020

This chapter simultaneously traces the history of early Coptic and Syriac public digital humanities projects and reassesses the history of what is usually considered the “founding moment” in digital humanities, Roberto Busa’s computational work on Thomas Aquinas. It argues that each of these endeavors should be considered comparable acts of cultural heritage preservation focused on computational or digital examinations of a community’s canonical cultural heritage. The primary differences between Busa’s work and early Coptic and Syriac computational research are not methodology but issues of canon and resources.
The Effects of Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurial Intention on Expected Outcomes of Startup: Moderated Mediation Effect of Growth Mindset
Authors: Lee Chang Seek , Ryu Eun Kyung , Jang Ha Young
Published: May 2020

Background/Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the moderating effects of the growth mindset on the mediating effects of entrepreneurial intention between the entrepreneurship and the expected outcomes of startup.Methods/Statistical analysis: A survey was conducted on 280 employees from H and D cities in Korea. Frequency analysis and correlation analysis were performed for this study. Finally, regression analysis was conducted to analyze the moderated mediation effects.Findings: The main findings were as follows. As a result of correlation analysis, a positive correlation was observed between all the major variables. The growth mindset had a moderating effect on the mediating effect of the entrepreneurial intention between the entrepreneurship and the expected outcomes of startup.Improvements/Applications: Based on the results of this study, we discussed ways to improve the outcome of start-up using entrepreneurship and growth mindset.
An Empirical Study on the Default Prediction Model in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Using Financial Ratios
Authors: Yang Changyong , You Yen-yoo
Published: May 2020

Background/Objectives: There were many studies and empirical analysis of the default prediction model using the financial ratios of large companies, such as listed companies, but despite the large impact on the national economy, there was not much research on small and medium-sized enterprises due to lack of data, and it was also limited. Therefore, we studied the default prediction model of small and medium-sized enterprises through empirical analysis.Methods/Statistical analysis: The nine financial ratios that were estimated to have a high level of default prediction power are used in the screening of guarantee support by the Korea Credit Guarantee Fund, a public institution that supports small and medium-sized enterprises comprehensively, were verified through discriminant analysis to determine whether there was a significant difference between the default companies and the normal companies. Between 2014 and 2016, 429 companies that took out loans with support from the Korea Credit Guarantee Fund were analyzed by using the statistical program SPSS 22.Findings: The nine financial ratios (capital adequacy ratio, debt to equity ratio, total borrowings to total assets, ratio of operating profit to total capitals, ratio operating profit to sales, financial cost burden ratio, total assets turnover ratio, total capitals investment efficiency, cash flow to current liabilities) were useful in combining to distinguish between default and normal companies. All nine financial ratios were significant in distinguishing between default and normal companies. The discriminant power was significant in order of financial cost burden ratio, ratio of operating profit to total capitals, ratio of operating profit to sales, capital adequacy ratio, debt to equity ratio, total borrowings to total assets, cash flow to current liabilities, total capitals investment efficiency, and total assets turnover ratio.Improvements/Applications: This study provided a default prediction model in small and medium-sized enterprises by conducting empirical analysis of small and medium-sized enterprises. It can be said that it is meaningful to be able to use this study model as an indicator to predict the default of small and medium-sized enterprises and to proactively manage the negative impact on the national economy.
A Study on Structural Relationships Between Consulting Service Quality, Management Human Capital, and Entrepreneurship
Authors: Kim Tae-Young , You Yen-Yoo
Published: May 2020

Background/Objectives: The purpose of this study is to empirically verify the effect of consulting services quality on management human capital and ultimately Entrepreneurship in the rapidly changing business environment. This study attempted to empirically examine the effect of the consulting service quality perceived by corporate managers on the Business Management Human Capital and Entrepreneurship of the company when the company experienced consulting.Methods/Statistical analysis: This study conducted survey research on managers n = 255 in Korea. In this study, we used SPSS 22.0 Version Program to verify the research hypothesis. Next, we performed SEM using the AMOS 22.0 Version program to implement the Structural Equation Modeling. Specifically, Frequency Analysis, Descriptive Analysis, Pearson`s Correlation Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Reliability Test, and Pathway Analysis were conducted.Findings: The major findings are as follows. Process- Quality was found to have a statistically significant effect on Development Ability, Leadership Ability, and Marketing Ability. Next, the Technical-Quality was found to have a statistically significant effect on Development Ability, Recruiting Ability, Leadership Ability, and Marketing Ability. Lastly, only two variables, Leadership Ability and Marketing Ability, which affect Entrepreneurship, were statistically significant. Based on this, we tried to empirically verify the importance of consulting. The results presented in this study have practical implications for empirically verifying the necessity of consulting. According to the research results, it is necessary to make efforts to improve leadership and marketing ability in order to enhance Entrepreneurship.Improvements/Applications: However, this study has some limitations. Because this study is based on a limited sample, there are some limitations to the generalization of the results. Therefore, if further research is conducted later, we expect that the study will be conducted on more samples.
Effects of Accounting Information Measurement on EVA According to the Company's Conservatives (Depending on How Accounting Is Handled)
Authors: Lee Soon Mi , Hong Jung Wan , You Yen-yoo
Published: May 2020

Background/Objectives: This study seeks to be used by external stakeholders as a research material from the perspective of an entity’s accounting management by identifying the impact of accounting information measurements on EVA in accordance with the entity’s conservative accounting information.Methods/Statistical analysis: The sample for verification consisted of 116 listed companies (excluding Kodak and Financial Services) of the Ts S2000 data (from 2015 to 2018) as sample (listed companies listed in December as corporations that closed their accounts and financial data disclosed by TS 2000 Data Guide). After the data was logged using SPS23, feasibility studies were conducted with exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis and regression was performed using the adjustment variables.Findings: The measurement of accounting information was proven to affect the economic value (EVA) of an enterprise in accordance with the conservatism of the enterprise, and the growth rate was analyzed to be the firmness of the capital structure rather than the conservatism.Improvements/Applications: Research has shown that the measurement of accounting information, profitability and stability, growth and activity, is a non-representative of information among stakeholders, and that the qualitative improvement of accounting information and the financial stability of the entity are reflected immediately in the costs and losses of the entity. It is expected that the economic value of a company will be helpful for empirical research using external data as a solid financial position.
A Study on the Hybrid Start-up Intention by Using the Model of Goal-Directed Behavior (MGB)
Authors: Yun Kyung-Ho , Hong Jung-Wan , You Yen-Yoo
Published: May 2020

Background/Objectives: The hybrid start-up is when a worker keeps his or her job and at the same time starts a business. This study is intended to analyze the impact of factors on the hybrid start-up desire and the hybrid start-up intention by applying the Model of Goal-directed Behavior (MGB).Methods/Statistical analysis: After establishing a research model that combines the hybrid start-up with the MGB, a survey was conducted on office workers for one month from December 2019. Of the collected samples, 101 copies suitable for the study were subjected to a statistical analysis such as evaluation of the measurement model and the structural model by using PLS-SEM with SmartPLS 3.0.Findings: The results of empirical analysis showed that attitude, positive anticipated emotion and negative anticipated emotion among the five factors presented in the MGB had a statistically positive effect on the hybrid start-up desire. However, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control didn’t have a statistically significant effect on the hybrid start-up desire. Like other models of goal-directed behavior, the hybrid start-up desire was found to be the most important in the hybrid start-up intention. And, it was also found that there was a mediation effect between the above three factors (attitude, positive anticipated emotion, negative anticipated emotion) and the intention of starting a business. In this study, it suggests that a start-up consulting should be made to take into account the objective aspects in the future, given that the hybrid start-up desire and intention are increased by subjective attitudes and anticipated emotions while not ready for start-up. And considering that most office workers are not ready to start their own businesses and want to consult on their own businesses, there is a need to expand the hybrid start-up consulting.Improvements/Applications: Future researches need to study the effectiveness of a start-up consulting through whether there is any change in the behavioral model before and after a start-up consulting. Research on hybrid start-ups will help improve government policies and systems that encourage office workers to start their own hybrid businesses.
A Study on the Analysis of Complex Resort Use Status Through IPA
Authors: Choi Dong-Heui
Published: May 2020

This study is intended to suggest marketing strategies for complex resort by identifying selection attributes of complex resorts from IPA as well as to identify factors of selection attributes of complex resorts recognized by users. For the study, survey was distributed to 400 complex resort users. Survey was conducted from August 1 to 31, 2019, in weekdays and weekends. Especially, survey was conducted on various age groups to well reflect opinions of complex resort users. Total 347 copies of survey were distributed, and 23 copies with incomplete answers were excluded that total 324 copies (80.1%) were used for empirical analysis. As a result of analysis, selection attributes of complex resort were derived to be seven factors of reliability, convenience, facilities, food and beverage, natural environment, employee service, and program. In addition, convenience and facilities turned out to be factors to be continuously maintained from IPA followed by natural environment as a factor to avoid excessive effort, program with low priority, and food and beverage and reliability in need of concentrated effort. According to these results, it seems that there shall various efforts to restore reliability and improve food and beverage of complex resorts.
Effect of Mobile Commerce Interaction Characteristics on Game Advertising Effect and Game Re-purchase Intent
Authors: Kim Jong-Youl , Lee Ji-Hun
Published: May 2020

Background/Objectives: This study is to present marketing strategies and implications for mobile game companies’ intention to buy games again.Methods/Statistical analysis: The questionnaire was distributed to then collected from 260 people who enjoyed playing games. The collected data verified the suitability of the structural equation model and the causal relationship to each concept.Findings: First, mobile game companies should try to use websites or famous websites to provide information about their own products and utilise trusted models and formulate advertisement copies, in order to build trust on their games and incidental products.Second mobile game companies will have to strive to show consistency between product advertising and the community through continuous management and providing information.Third, mobile game companies will have to restructure their homepage to focus on user-oriented design, and further care about the convenience of connecting to their homepage and the convenience of searching for information in famous sites (considering the location of banner ads) even among popular sites that game users often use.Fourth, mobile game companies will have to pay close attention to the trust and acceptance of advertising by paying attention to their promises with users, continuous website updates, swift Q&A activities, and the consistency between advertising and products.Finally, mobile game companies should spread information such as, gameplays, game item and character introduction, and create videos and programs that gamers would like to interact with in order to expose their websites and information on famous websites.Improvements/Applications: Companies that develop and sell games are analysing the characteristics of people who intend to repurchase games, which shows suitable direction of marketing strategies for sustainable management in the mobile game market.
Effect of Smart Attributes of SPA on Intention to Use of Blockchain System - Based on Securities Lending of Small and Medium Construction
Authors: Kwon Byoung-Tae , You Yen-Yoo , Lee Seok Kee
Published: May 2020

Background/Objectives: This study investigates the effects of Smart Attributes of SPA on the perceived usefulness and Intension to Use of blockchain systems. To achieve the purpose of the study, we analyzed the effect of Smart Attributes of SPA on Perceived Usefulness and Intension to Use of blockchain systems using TAM.Methods/Statistical analysis: The data for this study were collected through a survey. We conducted a survey of users from June to August 2019. A Likert 5-point scale was used. The survey targeted Small and Medium Construction staff and using the Blockchain system. There were 719 valid cases. SPSS 24 and AMOS 22 were used for the analysis of collected data. The analysis methods were technical analysis, frequency analysis, correlation analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis, CFA, Structural Equation Model.Findings: The findings can be implied in three ways: First, when designing a blockchain-based securities lending system, the system should be designed according to the user's purpose, that is, the 'Usability' attribute should be included in the function. Second, 'Customization' should be considered when designing the system. In other words, the needs of specific customers should be fully understood and reflected in the system design. Third, when designing a system, the 'Connectivity' attribute must be fully considered. It is to be able to connect social and device-to-device networks and all the connectable objects.Improvements/Applications: When designing a blockchain-based securities lending system, the four attributes of Smart Attributes of SPA should be fully reflected. In other words, if 'Usability', 'Customization', and 'Connectivity' are reflected as much as possible, it will contribute to the early settlement of the system.
An Analysis of the Differences in Overseas Buyers’ Perception on Korean Consumer Products
Authors: Song Hye-Joo , Hong Jung-Wan , You Yen-yoo
Published: May 2020

Background/Objectives: This study is about the difference of perception among overseas buyers who are interested in Korean consumer goods. The purpose of this study is to analyze whether there is a difference in price, quality, differentiation (uniqueness), reliability, and post-consultation intention for buyers to purchase representative consumer products in Korea.Methods/Statistical analysis: For the research method, we surveyed 420 overseas buyers who participated in the SME Consumer Goods Product Purchasing Meeting held in Seoul in 2019. 660 valid surveys were collected from infant, cosmetic, fashion, food and household buyers in Southeast Asia, China, Japan and other regions (Europe, USA, CIS). With SPSS22.0, we analyzed exploratory factors and reliability of Korean buyers’ characteristics and overseas buyers’ evaluation criteria for Korean companies and products. And, ANOVA was used to examine the difference in buyers’ awareness of consumer goods and product characteristic.Findings: According to the analysis results, there is a difference in recognition of price and trading intentions for the product group (baby goods, cosmetics, fashion goods, food and household goods, etc.) regardless of the buyer’s region. Therefore, price correlates with buying decisions and it can be seen that price influences trading decisions. However, there is no difference in perception in quality, differentiation and reliability, and we can see that the quality of consumer products in Korea is generally well received and high in reliability. On the other hand, buyers from different regions showed differences in perception in price, quality, and reliability, but there were no perception differences in product differentiation or intention to trade. Therefore, although prices, quality, and reliability are evaluated differently, it can be seen that there is a high willingness to trade in acknowledgment of product differentiation or uniqueness.Improvements/Applications: In the future, it is hoped that the research will be conducted only for buyers in Southeast Asian countries, and through this, it will be possible to establish marketing strategies by analyzing buyer tendency of each country in Southeast Asian countries. In addition, we hope to analyze more specific marketing points through research linking buyers’ evaluations with the performance of domestic companies.
The Death of a Child: Institutional Maintenance of Family Welfare after the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake in the People's Republic of China
Authors: Lamont Alison
Published: May 2020

Within the institution of family welfare in the People's Republic of China, the role of the child as future caregiver is so deeply institutionalized as to be almost invisible to policy makers and family members. This article explores institutional responses to the death of a child after
the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake to demonstrate how this taken-for-grantedness of the child caregiver role has opened up bereaved parents to social risk, and how actors must perform institutional work to "repair the breach" of the loss of a child in a family. Findings show that after the 2008
Wenchuan earthquake, policy actors took steps to manipulate entrenched family welfare resources, including the population and family planning regulations, to enable bereaved parents to have another child. In so doing, they sought to patch and restore meaning to the family welfare institution,
enabling it to continue autopoiesis and resist institutional change in the face of exogenous shock. Use of policy and the positive representation of the policy outcomes in the state-led media enabled sensegiving to be imbued into an otherwise emotionally conflicted decision to try to conceive
again soon after the loss of a child.
Japan's Changing Regional World of Welfare: Agricultural Reform, Hamlet-based Collective Farming, and the Local Renegotiation of Social Risks
Authors: Jentzsch Hanno
Published: May 2020

This article analyzes agricultural reform as an element of broader shifts in the Japanese welfare regime. In postwar Japan, agricultural support and protection served as a "functional equivalent" to welfare provision in rural and semi-rural areas. However, an ongoing agricultural reform
process has put pressure on aging smallholders and on JA, the powerful organization of agricultural cooperatives. This article investigates how these local actors have responded to an increasingly hostile socio-economic and political environment. To address this question, the article focuses
on hamlet-based collective farming, which is a form of agricultural production that can reproduce the welfare character of the postwar support and protection regime on the local level. Based on field research in several rural and semi-rural communities, the article argues that the functions
and the local proliferation of hamlet-based farming are shaped by village institutions: hamlet-level norms and rules governing land use and agricultural cooperation, as well as social ties between hamlets, local co-ops, and local governments. While the integration of village institutions into
local cooperative and administrative structures can support a systematic local proliferation of collective farming, municipal and cooperative mergers have rendered such comprehensive local responses more complicated. More generally, the article proposes to investigate local acts of recombining
community ties and norms with changing macro policies as a promising analytical angle to understand the ongoing renegotiation of East Asian welfare regimes.
Local Policy Experimentation, Social Learning, and Development of Rural Pension Provision in China
Authors: Huang Ting
Published: May 2020

The rural pension system, co-financed by rural residents' contributions and government subsidies, is a remarkable institutional innovation in China. To better understand the establishment and policy design of this system, this article studies the local experimentation of (partly) government-funded
new rural pension schemes prior to the national policy guideline issued in 2009. The focus is on the role of social learning as a crucial driving force in this process. Through a process tracing based on in-depth interviews in Daxing of Beijing and Baoji of Shaanxi Province, this article illustrates
how local governments struggled to find suitable financing models for rural pensions, and relied primarily on hands-on experimentation and experiences. During the mobilization of participation in the schemes, the repeated and constant interactions between local officials and rural residents
promoted a form of mutual learning that contributed to local policy adaptation and rural residents' internalization of the value and basic rules of contributory pension provision. The local experience had a cumulative impact on the ideational reorientation of the central officials regarding
the state's financial role in provision. Specifically, the financing model in Baoji created new options that facilitated the reconciliation of a set of different concerns and objectives at the centre, notably fiscal affordability, wide coverage, and modest managerial burden, which, this article
argues, was the major reason for the incorporation of this model into the national policy. The article concludes by discussing the implications of the establishment of the rural pension system and its provisions on rural state-society relations in China.
From Employment Security to Managerial Precarity: Japan's Changing Welfare-Work Nexus and its Impacts on Mid-career Workers
Authors: Gagné Nana Okura
Published: May 2020

In the postwar period, Japanese workers came to symbolize the economic and cultural prosperity of Japan. In return for their hard work, they were rewarded with life-time employment and various fringe benefits. This postwar social contract of "corporate welfarism" minimized the social
risks and personal career uncertainties of a fluid labour market. However, nearly 30 years of economic recession and neo-liberal reforms have undermined the postwar model of corporate welfarism. Structural and management reforms have been invoked to reengineer Japan's corporate practices and
to "flexibilize" the workforce, thereby "freeing" employees while offloading social risks of economic uncertainties to individual workers. As a result, these Japanese workers are caught between the slippage of the older corporate ideology of corporate welfarism premised on long-term employment,
and the rise of the new global ideology of neo-liberalism premised on labour mobility, in the process exposing them to new social risks and conditions of uncertainty.
 By focusing on mid-career and experienced workers whose expectations of long-term employment were directly affected
by restructuring, this article sheds light on the various forms of "precarious employment mechanisms" that have been used to cut personnel costs while avoiding outright dismissal. Drawing from different cases of informants who have been subjected to various forms of restructuring, this article
highlights the decoupling of Japan's welfare and employment systems and examines the mechanisms and experiences of "in-house unemployment" for employees in an increasingly hollowed-out corporate welfare society.
Smartphones and vision
Authors: Puchalska-Niedbał Lidia , Czajkowski Janusz , Grabowski Robert
Published: May 2020

Many people spend too much time using their smartphones. Contrast, small screen size, resolution, image repetition frequency and screen reflection will cause characteristic ocular symptoms.
The objective of this study is to describe the ophthalmological symptoms in persons who spend a large number of hours using electronic devices. For this purpose, a search was conducted in the Pubmed and MED line database to find the appropriate articles.
The most frequent ocular manifestation after prolonged use of smartphones without care for eye hygiene were ocular complaints, such as tiredness, eye irritation, blurred vision and transient, but marked elevated intraocular pressure.
Early and adequate recognition of ophthalmic symptoms that may be associated with the using smartphones for many hours and the implementation of appropriate management can protect against the occurrence of late complications in the form of permanent eye damage.
Life in Italy and Beyond, 1929–1936
Authors: Chalfa Ruyter Nancy Lee
Published: May 2020

In September 1929, La Meri and Carreras sailed to Europe. Before settling in Italy in November, they were briefly in Spain and in French Morocco. The chapter tells of La Meri’s dance training in both places, their meeting with the Spanish composer Manuel de Falla, and other experiences. It also includes information about the European tours Carreras arranged for La Meri in 1930 and their marriage in 1931. In Italy, La Meri also began teaching and directing a group of student dancers. By the end of 1935, however, financial difficulties made it necessary to begin touring internationally again.
Australasia and Asia, 1936–1937
Authors: Chalfa Ruyter Nancy Lee
Published: May 2020

This chapter covers travel and performances in London (February-March, 1936); Australia and New Zealand (June-November, 1936); and Ceylon (Sri Lanka), India, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Hong Kong, Japan, and Hawaii (December 1936-October 1937). La Meri’s frequent and multipage letters to Lilian during this time provide a wealth of detailed information about her performances and the dance training she sought and received in the various countries like the dances of India. The letters also detail the group’s travels from one place to another, their daily activities, the difficulties they sometimes encountered, and the people they met Also discussed is La Meri’s training and work with the Indian dancer Ram Gopal.
La Meri’s Writings
Authors: Chalfa Ruyter Nancy Lee
Published: May 2020

There is much evidence of La Meri’s lifelong commitment to writing, which seems to have been as central to her life as dance. Fortunately, her thoughts, feelings, and insights survive not only in her published poetry, articles, and books but also in the hundreds of notes and notebooks, dance descriptions, letters, and other materials in her archives. At an early age, La Meri began publishing her poetry, and, later, works about her own life experiences and about dance and its many manifestations. After some discussion of La Meri’s poetry and the books of poems that she published, this chapter focuses mostly on the six books that deal with dance. These books include her autobiography (a memoir of her professional life) and five works that provide information and discussion about dance as an art form: including Spanish dance, Indian dance, choreography, and “ethnic dance,” a term she claimed to have coined. In her dance writings she also sets forth her theoretical, aesthetic and pedagogical conceptions and ideas.
Final Words
Authors: Chalfa Ruyter Nancy Lee
Published: May 2020

This chapter begins with an overview of La Meri’s life and career and her contribution to the spread of knowledge about different cultures around the world, including world dance and culture. It then discusses her work in relation to modern concerns with theoretical issues—such as appropriation, cultural imposition, orientalism, and so forth—and relates it to concepts that have been investigated in gender and cultural studies. It is important to note that she performed non-Western and Western dances in both Western and non-Western locations. After La Meri settled in the United States, she performed her international repertoire to American audiences, most of whom would have known little or nothing about the foreign cultures where the dances originated. But it’s equally important to understand that both the briefness of La Meri’s actual training in the various dance forms and her minimal or non-existent knowledge of any of the local verbal languages would have limited her understanding of the foreign cultures whose dances she studied, performed, and taught—and about which she wrote.
Conceptualizing the Archaeology of North America’s Atlantic Seacoast and Estuaries
Authors: Rick Torben C. , Turck John A. , Reeder-Myers Leslie , Thompson Victor D.
Published: May 2020

From the icy shores of Labrador to the warm mangroves of the Florida Keys, North America’s Atlantic Coast was a magnet for human subsistence and settlement for millennia. North America’s Atlantic Coast is a land of diversity united by rich coastal and terrestrial ecosystems that were home to a wide variety of Native American societies and distinct cultural adaptations and systems. This introductory chapter synthesizes the coastal archaeology as well as historical ecology and paleography of North America’s Atlantic Coast, focusing on major research developments of the last 30 years. It also provides the context and framework for the rest of the volume.
Coastal Adaptations to the Northern Gulf of Maine and Southern Scotian Shelf
Authors: Betts Matthew W. , Black David W. , Robinson Brian , Spiess Arthur , Thompson Victor D.
Published: May 2020

The northern Gulf of Maine (NGOM) and its watershed have attracted humans for the last 12,500 years (cal BP), and evidence of Palaeoindian marine economies is well established in adjacent regions by ca. 8000 cal BP. Sea level rise (SLR) has obscured understandings of early coastal adaptations, although underwater research and some near-shore sites are providing important insights. The earliest evidence from surviving shell middens dates to ca. 5000 cal BP, and reveals that shellfish collecting and the seasonal exploitation of benthopelagic fish were important throughout the Late Maritime Archaic and Maritime Woodland periods. However, significant economic shifts have occurred. In particular, a Late Archaic focus on marine swordfish hunting was replaced by a dramatic increase in inshore seal hunting in the Maritime Woodland period. After ca. 3100 cal BP, inshore fishing for cod, flounder, sculpin, sturgeon and other species intensified. During the Late Maritime Woodland period, shellfish exploitation declined somewhat and the hunting of small seals, and, in some areas, white-tailed deer, increased sharply. The extent and nature of coastal economies in the NGOM was controlled, in part, by SLR, increasing tidal amplitude, and concomitant changes in surface-water temperatures, in tandem with broad regional cultural shifts.
Maritime Cultural Landscapes in the New York Bight
Authors: Merwin Daria , Thompson Victor D.
Published: May 2020

The study of prehistoric maritime cultural landscapes, in the broadest sense, seeks to explore the relationship between people and the water. If we are to reconstruct the nature of this relationship over time along the Atlantic coast of North America, we must account for environmental changes, particularly sea level rise and related shifts in ecological communities and habitats on the shore and at sea. This chapter surveys the coastal archaeology of the New York Bight (the bend in the Atlantic coast between southern New Jersey and Cape Cod) over the course of the Holocene, drawing data from terrestrial, coastal plain, and now submerged sites to examine topics such as the role of coastal environments in human settlement, evidence for seafaring and fishing technology, and the origins and consequences of adopting maritime cultural adaptations.
Sea Level Rise and Sustainability in Chesapeake Bay Coastal Archaeology
Authors: Reeder-Myers Leslie , Rick Torben C. , Thompson Victor D.
Published: May 2020

The productive woodlands, estuaries, and coastlines of the Middle Atlantic region of North America have been home to Native Americans from the Paleoindian period to the modern day. Inhabitants of this region adapted to broad environmental changes, including the emergence of Chesapeake Bay when rising seas drowned the Susquehanna River valley around 8000 years ago. Estuarine conditions expanded throughout the Holocene, alongside the establishment of a rich and diverse forest environment. Much of the evidence for human harvesting of coastal resources has likely been obscured by sea level rise and modern development, but first appears around 5000 years BP. By the Middle Woodland (2500 to 1100 BP), people were harvesting oysters, clams, fish, and other bay resources as part of a broad foraging subsistence. When Europeans arrived, at least some of the people living around Chesapeake Bay were practicing agriculture while also harvesting oysters and other resources. Oyster harvesting was remarkably consistent and sustainable through time, with minimal impact on oyster populations or other environmental conditions. This long history of sustainable fishing practices in the face of persistent sea level rise and climate change suggests that reduced harvest pressure may be a key component to restoring modern Chesapeake ecosystems.
Making the Atlantic Coast a Smaller Place and a Stepping Stone to Larger Issues
Authors: Pluckhahn Thomas J. , Thompson Victor D.
Published: May 2020

This review of the preceding chapters highlights their commonalities and differences, and discusses the extent to which they advance the understanding of the Atlantic Coast of North America as a region of study for archaeologists, particularly for maritime archaeology and historical ecology