bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Publicidad y violencia de género: una visión salvadoreña
Authors: Alvarado Judith Isabel
Published: June 2018

Este artículo es un estudio sobre las prácticas de publicidad en El Salvador, su importancia e impacto en la sociedad y su relación e influencia con la violencia de género. La evidencia encontrada en este estudio reveló que existen mensajes de marcas que promueven, por medio de su publicidad, la violencia de género. Además, se analizan los efectos que estos mensajes tienen sobre el comportamiento de hombres y mujeres.Se estudian los estereotipos que la sociedad promueve por medio de la publicidad, y se analiza a través de un caso específico de publicidad con contenido misógino*1. Los resultados de este análisis reflejan el impacto que estas prácticas de publicidad pueden llegar a tener en una sociedad plagada de violencia.También se estudian las regulaciones legales y las reacciones de las autoridades competentes en la gestión de la publicidad ante estos mensajes publicitarios.Finalmente, se presenta una propuesta de modelo de gestión para la publicidad y la utilización de imágenes o estereotipos de género en El Salvador, haciendo alusión específicamente a la violencia de género en la publicidad.Realidad Empresarial No. 5, 2018: 25-31
Criaturitas: Un emprendimiento hacia la niñez
Authors: Rivera Cecilia
Published: June 2018

Entrevista a Efraín EcheverriaRealidad Empresarial No. 5, 2018: 45-47
Adapting a Small Group Communication Quality Assessment to New Contexts
Authors: Van Scoy Lauren Jodi , Darnell Whittney , Watterson Tara , Chinchilli Vernon M , Wasserman Emily J , Wolpaw Daniel , Thompson Britta , Hopkins Margaret , Scott Allison M , Volpe Rebecca
Published: June 2018

Objectives: Small group learning is a well-established medical education strategy for cultivating essential communication skills. Yet, how best to measure communication quality in these groups remains understudied. This study aimed to adapt a communication assessment to medical education small group settings. Methods: This was an observational study of Preclinical Medical Humanities group discussions. Audio-recordings of 12 sessions (3 groups; n=22 students and 3 facilitators) were analyzed using Communication Quality Analysis. Three coders assessed communication quality by assigning numeric scores based on how well participants accomplished communication goals within five domains: content, engagement, relationship, emotion and identity. Coder reliability was assessed using intra-class correlations. Variance components were assessed using a generalized linear model.Results: High inter-rater reliability was established for each of five communication quality domains (ICC range 0.875 to 0.98). Variability in content, emotion, and engagement domains was primarily driven by the individual subjects (nested within the three communication groups)–accounting for 49%, 57% and 78% of the variability respectively; relational and identity domain score variability was accounted for by duration of class (accounting for 66% and 47% of the variability, respectively). Considerable variability was observed between participants, suggesting that the assessment is sensitive enough to detect nuanced differences between participants.Conclusions: Our study shows that CQA is reliable when adapted to medical education small groups.With further refinement, CQA provides an important measure that could be used in medical education to evaluate the impact of novel curricular activities or varied facilitation techniques on communication quality and other educational outcomes.
Managing Sports-related Concussions From Time of Injury Through Return to Play
Authors: Shirley Eric , Hudspeth L. Jared , Maynard Jennifer R.
Published: June 2018

Sports-related concussions continue to generate widespread interest. A concussion is a complex pathophysiologic process, with or without loss of consciousness, that results in a disturbance of brain function. Risk factors include age <18 years, female sex, and history of a previous concussion. A sideline physical examination with standardized assessment tools can assist diagnosis. Management for suspected concussion begins with immediate removal from play and requires clinical follow-up. Symptoms are usually self-limited and resolve within 2 to 3 weeks. Initial treatment consists of a reduction in cognitive activity and physical rest. A stepwise return-to-play protocol, taking into consideration state laws, with a gradual increase in activity until the athlete is able to perform full activity without symptoms should be followed. Neuropsychologic testing may be used as a tool in management. For prolonged concussion, physical rehabilitation or medications for headaches, mood, or sleep disturbance may be required. Education, rule changes, and equipment improvements may assist in prevention. The long-term consequences of concussions are not fully understood and merit additional research.
Competencia metarrepresentacional en los primeros grados: representaciones externas de datos y sus componentes
Authors: Estrella Soledad , Olfos Raimundo , Vidal-Szabó Pedro , Morales Sergio , Estrella Patricia
Published: June 2018

Este artículo presenta un estudio cualitativo sobre la competencia metarrepresentacional en 30 estudiantes de primero a cuarto grado (6 a 9 años). Por medio de entrevistas clínicas y sin instrucción previa, los estudiantes construyeron 192 representaciones de datos y explicaron sus componentes. Cuatro componentes invariantes fueron identificadas en las representaciones y en las explicaciones de los estudiantes: variable, frecuencia, base-lineal y linealidad-gráfica. Los resultados muestran que en la diversidad de representaciones se identifican componentes invariantes y se evidencian los aspectos de invención, crítica, funcionalidad y aprendizaje de la competencia metarrepresentacional. De este modo, aportamos a un cuerpo de literatura la competencia para representar, y un enfoque que valora la variedad de representaciones que dan sentido a descubrir, comunicar y razonar las relaciones entre datos desde los primeros grados.
COMPARISON OF POLISH, CZECH AND SLOVAK SKI RESORTS USING THE FREE DISPOSABLE HULL ANALYSIS
Authors: Nowacki Marek
Published: June 2018

Purpose. The aim of this study is: (1) to compare the features of ski resorts in Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia in relation to the prices of ski passes, (2) to indicate the best ski resorts in these countries in terms of value for money - the ratio of offered quality to the price of ski passes, (3) to compare of differences in value for money (e.g. offered quality compared to the price of a ski pass) in these countries. Method. Data for analysis were features of quality and prices of one-day ski passes for 245 ski resorts in Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The data was obtained from the websites of the surveyed ski resorts and web pages: skiinfo.pl, holidayinfo.cz and holidayinfo.sk. The quality index of ski resorts was constructed using Principal Component Analysis of the seventeen quality features regarding the studied resorts. The comparison of ski resorts was conducted using the Free Disposable Hull analysis. Differences in the level of quality of the resorts' and ski pass prices were calculated using the Kruskal-Wallis H nonparametric test. Findings. Eleven features of the eighteen surveyed locations were differentiated between surveyed countries (including the price of the ski pass: Polish ski passes are the most expensive and the cheapest are in Slovakia). The FDH analysis revealed the existence of eight effective – from the skiers' point of view – ski resorts, i.e. those that offer the given quality at the lowest price (value for money). Polish ski resorts are characterized by significantly higher quality than Czech or Slovak resorts. Research and conclusion limitations. The analysis did not take the impact that congestion and queues to lifts, prices of accommodation, restaurants and nightlife in the resort (except night skiing) might have had on the skiers decision into account. The results may also be influenced by the method of quality index construction. Practical implications. The results of FDH analysis enable the identification of inefficient ski resorts in the analysed countries and indication of the differences existing in terms of quality between ski resorts. The conclusions allow to select the most efficient ski resorts which can be helpful in the design of tourist offers and it may also indicate the need for adjustments in prices of ski passes at some ski resorts. Originality. No comparative analyses of Polish, Czech and Slovak ski resorts were found in the literature to date. Type of paper. The article presents the results of empirical research.
THE INTERNET ADDRESSES OF AGROTOURISTIC FARMS AND THEIR INFORMATIVE VALUE
Authors: Król Karol
Published: June 2018

Purpose. The analysis of information available in the Domain Name Registry and the digital archive on selected internet domains of agrotouristic farms. The answer to the question whether this information can be helpful in choosing a specific offer. Method. The analysis of the domain’s history – digital copies of websites of chosen agrotouristic farms recorded in the Wayback Machine web archive. The analysis of data available in the WHOIS database. Findings. The analysis of data available in the Research and Academic Computer Network (NASK) does not allow to clearly assess a counterparty’s credibility. Tracking the domain’s history enables to record how artwork, contents and technique of performing agrotouristic farm websites have changed and also how their business type has evolved. Irregularities connected, among others, to the operator being the domain’s customer were noticed in the set of analysed websites. Research and conclusion limitations. 10 addresses of agrotouristic farm websites accessed on 19 December 2016 from the first tab of searching results in one of public website catalogues were examined. As the Wayback Machine web archive collects copies of archival websites regardless of the domain where they are available, the WHOIS database only contains information about national domains of the highest level (.pl). Practical implications. Survey methods used in the paper are universal – they can be helpful in evaluation of credibility of any subject promoting services on the website within a national domain of the highest level. They can be also used to verify history of any web domain which can be helpful before its registration. Originality. The concept of using the Wayback Machine digital archive to evaluate a counterparty’s credibility and potential value of an internet domain. The concept of using the WHOIS registry to estimate credibility of an agrotouristic offer. Type of paper. The paper presents the results of empirical surveys. A case study.
THE IMPORTANCE OF TRADITIONAL AND REGIONAL FOOD PRODUCTS IN CULINARY TOURISM OF THE PODKARPACKIE PROVINCE
Authors: Krupa Jan , Mantaj Andrzej
Published: June 2018

Purpose. To present the issues related to the culinary traditions of the Podkarpackie Province and the importance of traditional and regional products in the development of cultural culinary tourism. The purpose of this study is also to demonstrate the results on preferences of residents of selected towns and villages in the Podkarpackie Province regarding the purchase and consumption of traditional products.

Method. The study is based on the review of information and views included in specialized literature, research surveys among the residents of the Podkarpackie Province, and the author’s own field observations.

Findings. The importance of traditional and regional food products in the development of cultural culinary tourism in the Podkarpackie Province is characterized in the study. It shows the level of residents’ knowledge on the investigated area in the field of culinary heritage of the region, and the preferences in terms of purchase and consumption of traditional products.

Research and conclusion limitations. Restrictions may result from an incomplete review of source materials and a relatively small number of respondents involved in the research.

Practical implications. The study is significant for tourists interested in exploring and learning about traditional and regional food products, for manufacturers of high-quality foods, as well as local authorities interested in achieving additional revenues and in promotion of the region.

Originality. In the subject literature, there is a lack of studies containing the results of research concerning the Podkarpackie Province residents’ preferences in terms of the undertaken issues.

Type of paper. Review and research study.
Memories of Jan Szumilak (1941-2017)
Authors: Szczechowicz Bartosz
Published: June 2018

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Physiologically-induced adipocyte browning
Authors: Wiśniewski Oskar Wojciech , Malinowska Malwina , Gibas-Dorna Magdalena
Published: June 2018

The data consistently suggests that expansion and activation of beige/brite adipose tissue may possibly serve as a novel cure for obesity and obesity-related complications. Interestingly, besides well-known agents affecting adipocyte transformation, such as cold-induced sympathetic stimulation, the vast majority of biological systems (e.g. cardiovascular, endocrine, immune, musculoskeletal and central nervous system) also play a role in an adipose tissue modelling and maintaining energy homeostasis. Therefore, we decided to describe in detail the browning of the adipose tissue with a wide range of physiological factors associated with this process and to present the significant distinctions between “classical” brown and beige/brite adipocytes.
Here, we review the current state of knowledge about browning phenomenon with regard to obesity prevention and/or management.
Inventory and distribution of the rodents in Aurès Mountains and Ziban oasis (Northeast of Algeria)
Authors: Drouai Hakim , Belhamra Mohammed , Mimeche Fateh
Published: June 2018

Nuestro estudio muestra un inventario de roedores del noroeste de Argelia. Tas especies se capturaron en dos regiones: Taouziant (Montañas Aurès ) y Bouchagroune (oasis de Ziban). El periodo de muestreo duró diez mees en cada lugar: en Taouziant de febrero a nobiembre de 2014 y en Bouchagroune de septiembre de 2013 a junio de 2014. El método de trampeo en línea fue llevado a cabo mediante 40 jaulas-trampas instaladas en las regiones de estudio. Se capturaron ocho especies, que pertenecen a tres subfamilias y seis géneros. Tres especies se distribuyen en las dos regiones Rattus rattus, Mus musculus y Gerbillus amoenus. Tres especies se capturaron en los campos de cereal de Taouziant ( Rattus norvegicus, Meriones shawii y Jaculus jaculus) y dos especies en el palmeral de Bouchagroune (Psammomys obesus y Gerbillus gerbillus)

Our study presents an inventory of rodents in Northeast of Algeria. The species were captured at two regions: Taouziant (Aurès Montain) and Bouchagroune (Ziban oasis). The sampling period takes ten months at each site: in Taouziant between February to November 2014 and in Bouchagroune, from September 2013 to June 2014. The method of trapping online was performed using 40 wire traps installed at the studied regions. Eight species were captured. They belong to three subfamilies and six genera. Three species occur in the two regions: Rattus rattus, Mus musculus and Gerbillus amoenus. Three species were captured in Taouziant cereal fields ( Rattus norvegicus, Meriones shawii and Jaculus jaculus) and two species were found in Bouchagroune palm grove (Psammomys obesus and Gerbillus gerbillus)
Farklı Profilaktik Parlatma İşlemlerinin Mikrohibrit ve Nanohibrit Kompozit Rezinlerin Yüzey Pürüzlülüğü Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: YAMANEL Kıvanç
Published: June 2018

Amaç: Bu
çalışmanın amacı, farklı profesyonel dental profilaksi işlemlerinin bir
mikrohibrit (Charisma, Heraeus-Kulzer) ve bir nanohibrit (Ice, SDI Dental)
kompozit rezinin yüzey pürüzlülüğü üzerine etkisini değerlendirmektir.Gereç ve Yöntem: Her
restoratif materyalden 45 adet disk şekilli örnek (2 mm kalınlık ve 8 mm
çapında, toplam 90 örnek) plastik kalıplar kullanılarak hazırlandı. Örneklerin
bir yüzü orta, ince ve ultra ince grenli Sof-Lex (3M-ESPE) disklerle parlatıldı
ve her kompozitten 45 örnek rastgele beş gruba ayrıldı (n=9). İlk gruba
profilaksi işlemi uygulanmadı ve kontrol grubu olarak kullanıldı. Diğer
gruplar, Detartrine patı (Septodont), Gelato patı (Keystone Industries) ve
pomza-su karışımının dönen lastiklerle uygulandığı ve pomza-su karışımının
dönen fırçalarla uygulandığı profilaksi işlemlerine tabi tutuldu. Profilaksi
işlemlerinden sonra bütün örneklerin yüzey pürüzlülük değerleri bir optik
profilometre (Zygo New View 7200, Ametek) kullanılarak ölçüldü. Elde edilen
veriler Mann Whitney U ve Kruskal-Wallis testleriyle istatistiksel olarak
analiz edildi. Bulgular: Her
iki kompozit rezin için en pürüzsüz
yüzeyler kontrol gruplarında gözlemlendi (p<0.05). Test edilen kompozit
rezinlerin kontrol gruplarının yüzey pürüzlülük değerleri birbirinden anlamlı
derecede farklıydı (p<0.001). Bununla birlikte aynı profilaksi işlemlerinin
uygulandığı mikrohibrit ve nanohibrit  kompozit
rezinlerin yüzey pürüzlülük değerleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı
derecede farklılık yoktu. Gelato patı, dönen lastik ve fırçayla uygulanan
pomza-su karışımı kontrol grubuna oranla anlamlı derecede yüksek Ra değerlerine
neden olmuştur fakat Detartrine ile elde edilen Ra değerleri her iki kompozitte
de kontrol grubundan anlamlı derecede farklı değildir.

Sonuç: Çalışmada
test edilen bütün profilaksi işlemleri, her iki kompozitte de yüzey pürüzlülük
değerlerini bakterilerin retansiyonuna neden olabilecek seviyeye kadar
yükseltmiştir. Bu sebeple diş hekimleri profilaksi işlemleri sırasında dikkatli
davranmalıdır aksi taktirde profilaksi sonrası kompozit rezinlerin yeniden
parlatılması veya nadiren de yenilenmesi gerekecektir.
Combined therapy of pulsed radiofrequency and nerve block in postherpetic neuralgia patients: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Li Dan , Sun Guohua , Sun Hanzhe , Wang Yanjuan , Wang Zhiping , Yang Jianping
Published: June 2018

Caused by viral infection, postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is the most common chronic neuropathic pain. Various treatment modalities such as early use of nerve block therapy (NBT) and pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) have been studied in reducing pain, however, no consistent success was achieved in all the patients treated with single regimen. The combined therapy of PRF and NBT with different targeting mechanism are of interest and remains to be determined. Here we investigated the combined effects of pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) with nerve block therapy (NBT) in PHN patients in a prospective randomized clinical trial. Sixty PHN patients were divided into four groups (n = 15 each): the conventional puncture group (group CP), the nerve block therapy group (group NB), the PRF group (group PRF), and the combined treatment group (PRF combined with nerve block therapy (group CT). To evaluate the extent of remission of hyperalgesia, we recorded the visual analogue scale (VAS) scores during cotton swab reaction before and after treatment and in the resting and active pain states. In addition, blood samples were collected and plasma cytokine and neuropeptides such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), substance P (SP), and β-endorphin (β-EP) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at the admission (basic state), before the operation, and at 12 h postoperatively. The number of adverse events (nausea, vomiting, constipation, puncture point hemorrhage, swelling and redness) within 12 h of the treatment were also documented. Our results showed that VAS scores during cotton swab reaction decreased after treatment in all patients (p < 0.05). Compared to group CP, plasma IL-6 and SP levels decreased (p < 0.05) and β-EP levels increased (p < 0.05) in groups NB, PRF, and CT. There were no significant differences in adverse events among groups (p > 0.05). We found that PRF in combination with NBT increased β-EP levels and decreased plasma IL-6 and SP, thereby alleviating pain and hyperalgesia in PHN patients. Taken together, our data suggest combined therapy of PRF and NBT is effective and safe for PHN patients.
Teleost and elasmobranch eye lenses as a target for life-history stable isotope analyses
Authors: Quaeck-Davies Katie , Bendall Victoria A. , MacKenzie Kirsteen M. , Hetherington Stuart , Newton Jason , Trueman Clive N.
Published: June 2018

Incrementally grown, metabolically inert tissues such as fish otoliths provide biochemical records that can used to infer behavior and physiology throughout the lifetime of the individual. Organic tissues are particularly useful as the stable isotope composition of the organic component can provide information about diet, trophic level and location. Unfortunately, inert, incrementally grown organic tissues are relatively uncommon. The vertebrate eye lens, however, is formed via sequential deposition of protein-filled fiber cells, which are subsequently metabolically inert. Lenses therefore have the potential to serve as biochemical data recorders capturing life-long variations in dietary and spatial ecology. Here we review the state of knowledge regarding the structure and formation of fish eye lenses in the context of using lens tissue for retrospective isotopic analysis. We discuss the relationship between eye lens diameter and body size, describe the successful recovery of expected isotopic gradients throughout ontogeny and between species, and quantify the isotopic offset between lens protein and white muscle tissue. We show that fish eye lens protein is an attractive host for recovery of stable isotope life histories, particularly for juvenile life stages, and especially in elasmobranchs lacking otoliths, but interpretation of lens-based records is complicated by species-specific uncertainties associated with lens growth rates.
Adaptive genetic variation at three loci in South African vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) and the role of selection within primates
Authors: Coetzer Willem G. , Turner Trudy R. , Schmitt Christopher A. , Grobler J. Paul
Published: June 2018

Vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) are one of the most widely distributed non-human primate species found in South Africa. They occur across all the South African provinces, inhabiting a large variety of habitats. These habitats vary sufficiently that it can be assumed that various factors such as pathogen diversity could influence populations in different ways. In turn, these factors could lead to varied levels of selection at specific fitness linked loci. The Toll-like receptor (TLR) gene family, which play an integral role in vertebrate innate immunity, is a group of fitness linked loci which has been the focus of much research. In this study, we assessed the level of genetic variation at partial sequences of twoTLRloci (TLR4and7) and a reproductively linked gene,acrosin(ACR), across the different habitat types within the vervet monkey distribution range. Gene variation and selection estimates were also made among 11–21 primate species. Low levels of genetic variation for all three gene regions were observed within vervet monkeys, with only two polymorphic sites identified forTLR4, three sites forTLR7and one site forACR. TLR7variation was positively correlated with high mean annual rainfall, which was linked to increased pathogen abundance. The observed genetic variation atTLR4might have been influenced by numerous factors including pathogens and climatic conditions. TheACRexonic regions showed no variation in vervet monkeys, which could point to the occurrence of a selective sweep. TheTLR4andTLR7results for the among primate analyses was mostly in line with previous studies, indicating a higher rate of evolution forTLR4. Within primates,ACRcoding regions also showed signs of positive selection, which was congruent with previous reports on mammals. Important additional information to the already existing vervet monkey knowledge base was gained from this study, which can guide future research projects on this highly researched taxon as well as help conservation agencies with future management planning involving possible translocations of this species.
D-GENIES: dot plot large genomes in an interactive, efficient and simple way
Authors: Cabanettes Floréal , Klopp Christophe
Published: June 2018

Dot plots are widely used to quickly compare sequence sets. They provide a synthetic similarity overview, highlighting repetitions, breaks and inversions. Different tools have been developed to easily generated genomic alignment dot plots, but they are often limited in the input sequence size. D-GENIES is a standalone and web application performing large genome alignments using minimap2 software package and generating interactive dot plots. It enables users to sort query sequences along the reference, zoom in the plot and download several image, alignment or sequence files. D-GENIES is an easy-to-install, open-source software package (GPL) developed in Python and JavaScript. The source code is available at https://github.com/genotoul-bioinfo/dgenies and it can be tested at http://dgenies.toulouse.inra.fr/.
Synthesis and Structure of 2D Cobalt(II)-tartrate Hydrate Coordination Polymers Crystallised from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Khunur Mohammad Misbah , Prananto Yuniar Ponco
Published: June 2018

Cobalt(II)-tartrate hydrate coordination polymer is successfully crystallisedfrom aqueous solution at room temperature. Unlike previous methods, diammonium tartrate was used and reacted directly with an aqueous solution of cobalt(II). Single crystal X-ray and ATR-IR analyses were performed toward the synthesized crystal. The crystal structure displaysa (6,3) 2D sheet which then grow into a 3D hydrogen-bonded network. Tetra- and hexa-dentate dianionic tartaric ligands are observed in the crystal structure, in which the hexadentate ligand connects four different cobalt centres. This method is considered feasible, affordable, and simple for the production of functional polymeric cobalt(II)-tartrate hydrate.
Antibiotic Treatment of Mucodegeneration and Positive Buoyancy in a Chambered Nautilus Nautilus pompilius
Authors: Morpurgo Massimo , Barord Gregory J.
Published: June 2018

The correct diagnosis and treatment of disease in chambered nautiluses Nautilus pompilius are difficult. The basic morphology and natural behaviors of the species tend to mask the initial onset of a disease or infection, and by the time it is observable, mortality usually occurs. A single specimen of chambered nautilus at the Museum of Nature South Tyrol, Italy, exhibited symptoms of an infection, including mucus production, abnormal buoyancy, irregular hood appearance, and inconsistent tentacle movement. Soon after, tetracycline hydrochloride was administered in bath form at 25 mg/L in seawater daily for 30 min over six consecutive days. The specimen regained normal buoyancy after the fifth day. After the 6-d treatment, the specimen regained all normal behaviors and appearance within 2 weeks. More than 1 year after treatment, the specimen was exhibiting normal behaviors with no adverse reactions. When administered soon after symptoms of an infection were observed, tetracycline was effective at halting the progression of symptoms and led to the full recovery of the chambered nautilus.
Association of severity between carotid and intracranial artery atherosclerosis
Authors: Xu Yilan , Li Dongye , Yuan Chun , Zhou Zechen , He Le , Li Rui , Cui Yuanyuan , Li Qing , Zheng Zhuozhao , Zhao Xihai
Published: June 2018

Objective

This study sought to investigate the relationship of atherosclerosis between intracranial and extracranial carotid arteries using three‐dimensional multicontrast magnetic resonance (MR) vessel wall imaging.

Methods

Patients with recent cerebrovascular symptoms in anterior circulation were recruited and underwent MR vessel wall imaging for intracranial and extracranial carotid arteries. The plaque burden, including maximum wall thickness (Max WT) and stenosis, and presence of intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) were assessed. The correlation of the plaque characteristics between intracranial and extracranial carotid arteries was determined.

Results

In total, 107 patients (mean age: 57.0 ± 11.1 years, 69 males) were recruited. In discriminating intracranial severe stenosis (≥50% stenosis), the odds ratio (OR) of Max WT of extracranial carotid arteries was 1.41 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94–2.11, P = 0.095) and 1.72 (95% CI, 1.04–2.83, P = 0.034) before and after adjusting for confounding factors, respectively. The OR of stenosis of extracranial carotid arteries with increment of 10% was 1.26 (95% CI, 0.99–1.60, P = 0.054) and 1.37 (95% CI, 1.03–1.82, P = 0.033) before and after adjusting for confounding factors, in discriminating intracranial severe stenosis respectively. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) of Max WT, stenosis, and IPH of extracranial carotid artery plaques was 0.641, 0.605, and 0.603 in discriminating intracranial severe stenosis, respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors, the AUC of Max WT, stenosis, and presence of IPH in extracranial carotid artery plaques increased to 0.812, 0.817 and 0.781, respectively.

Interpretation

Carotid artery plaque burden is significantly associated with severe intracranial artery stenosis, suggesting that extracranial carotid plaque burden might be an independent indicator for severity of intracranial artery atherosclerosis.
Densely Interconnected Porous BN Frameworks for Multifunctional and Isotropically Thermoconductive Polymer Composites
Authors: Xue Yanming , Zhou Xin , Zhan Tianzhuo , Jiang Baozhen , Guo Quansheng , Fu Xiuwei , Shimamura Kiyoshi , Xu Yibin , Mori Takao , Dai Pengcheng , Bando Yoshio , Tang Chengchun , Golberg Dmitri
Published: June 2018

Ideal materials for modern electronics packaging should be highly thermoconductive. This may be achieved through designing multifunctional polymer composites. Such composites may generally be achieved via effective embedment of functional inorganic fillers into desirable polymeric bodies. Herein, two types of high‐performance 3Dh‐BN porous frameworks (3D‐BN), namely,h‐BN nanorod‐assembled networks and nanosheet‐interconnected frameworks, are successfully created via an in situ carbothermal reduction chemical vapor deposition substitution reaction using carbon‐based nanorod‐interconnected networks as templates. These 3D‐BN porous materials with densely interlinked frameworks, excellent mechanical robustness and integrity, highly isotropous and multiple heat transfer paths, enable reliable fabrications of diverse 3D‐BN/polymer porous composites. The composites exhibit combinatorial multifunctional properties, such as excellent mechanical strength, light weight, ultralow coefficient of thermal expansion, highly isotropic thermal conductivities (≈26–51 multiples of pristine polymers), relatively low dielectric constants and super‐low dielectric losses, and high resistance to softening at elevated temperatures. In addition, the regarded 3D‐BN frameworks are easily recycled from their polymer composites, and may be reliably reutilized for multifunctional reuse. Thus, these materials should be valuable for new‐era advanced electronic packaging and related applications.
Thin, Millimeter Scale Fingernail Sensors for Thermal Characterization of Nail Bed Tissue
Authors: Li Yajing , Ma Yinji , Wei Chen , Luan Haiwen , Xu Shuai , Han Mengdi , Zhao Hangbo , Liang Cunman , Yang Quansan , Yang Yiyuan , Crawford Kaitlyn E. , Feng Xue , Huang Yonggang , Rogers John A.
Published: June 2018

Thin, flexible, body‐worn technologies that allow precise, quantitative monitoring of physiological status are of broad current interest due to their potential to improve the cost and effectiveness of healthcare. Although the surface of the skin represents one of the most widely explored points of integration, recently developed millimeter scale wireless sensor platforms allow deployment on alternative surfaces of the body, such as the finger/toenails and the teeth. The work described here introduces a collection of ideas in materials science, device engineering and computational techniques that enables precise characterization of the thermal transport characteristics of the nail bed tissue from measurements on the surface of the nail. Systematic in vitro studies demonstrate the underlying measurement principles, the theoretical models for optimized sensor design and the associated experimental procedures for determining the thermal conductivity of the tissue. Measurements performed on human subjects highlight capabilities in tracking changes in perfusion of the nail bed tissues in response to various external stimuli.
p‐Doping of Copper(I) Thiocyanate (CuSCN) Hole‐Transport Layers for High‐Performance Transistors and Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Wijeyasinghe Nilushi , Eisner Flurin , Tsetseris Leonidas , Lin Yen‐Hung , Seitkhan Akmaral , Li Jinhua , Yan Feng , Solomeshch Olga , Tessler Nir , Patsalas Panos , Anthopoulos Thomas D.
Published: June 2018

The ability to tune the electronic properties of soluble wide bandgap semiconductors is crucial for their successful implementation as carrier‐selective interlayers in large area opto/electronics. Herein the simple, economical, and effective p‐doping of one of the most promising transparent semiconductors, copper(I) thiocyanate (CuSCN), using C60F48 is reported. Theoretical calculations combined with experimental measurements are used to elucidate the electronic band structure and density of states of the constituent materials and their blends. Obtained results reveal that although the bandgap (3.85 eV) and valence band maximum (−5.4 eV) of CuSCN remain unaffected, its Fermi energy shifts toward the valence band edge upon C60F48 addition—an observation consistent with p‐type doping. Transistor measurements confirm the p‐doping effect while revealing a tenfold increase in the channel's hole mobility (up to 0.18 cm2 V−1 s−1), accompanied by a dramatic improvement in the transistor's bias‐stress stability. Application of CuSCN:C60F48 as the hole‐transport layer (HTL) in organic photovoltaics yields devices with higher power conversion efficiency, improved fill factor, higher shunt resistance, and lower series resistance and dark current, as compared to control devices based on pristine CuSCN or commercially available HTLs.
Hollow Multivoid Nanocuboids Derived from Ternary Ni–Co–Fe Prussian Blue Analog for Dual‐Electrocatalysis of Oxygen and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions
Authors: Ahn Wook , Park Moon Gyu , Lee Dong Un , Seo Min Ho , Jiang Gaopeng , Cano Zachary P. , Hassan Fathy Mohamed , Chen Zhongwei
Published: June 2018

Hydrogen generation from electrochemical water‐splitting is an attractive technology for clean and efficient energy conversion and storage, but it requires efficient and robust non‐noble electrocatalysts for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER). Nonprecious transition metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are one of the most promising precursors for developing advanced functional catalysts with high porosity and structural rigidity. Herein, a new transition metal‐based hollow multivoid nanocuboidal catalyst synthesized from a ternary Ni–Co–Fe (NCF)‐MOF precursor is rationally designed to produce dual‐functionality toward OER and HER. Differing ion exchanging rates of the ternary transition metals within the prussian blue analog MOF precursor are exploited to produce interconnected internal voids, heteroatom doping, and a favorably tuned electronic structure. This design strategy significantly increases active surface area and pathways for mass transport, resulting in excellent electroactivities toward OER and HER, which are competitive with recently reported single‐function nonprecious catalysts. Moreover, outstanding electrochemical durability is realized due to the unique rigid and interconnected porous structure which considerably retains initial rapid charge transfer and mass transport of active species. The MOF‐based material design strategy demonstrated here exemplifies a novel and versatile approach to developing non‐noble electrocatalysts with high activity and durability for advanced electrochemical water‐splitting systems.
Quasiparticle Interference Studies of Quantum Materials
Authors: Avraham Nurit , Reiner Jonathan , Kumar‐Nayak Abhay , Morali Noam , Batabyal Rajib , Yan Binghai , Beidenkopf Haim
Published: June 2018

Exotic electronic states are realized in novel quantum materials. This field is revolutionized by the topological classification of materials. Such compounds necessarily host unique states on their boundaries. Scanning tunneling microscopy studies of these surface states have provided a wealth of spectroscopic characterization, with the successful cooperation of ab initio calculations. The method of quasiparticle interference imaging proves to be particularly useful for probing the dispersion relation of the surface bands. Herein, how a variety of additional fundamental electronic properties can be probed via this method is reviewed. It is demonstrated how quasiparticle interference measurements entail mesoscopic size quantization and the electronic phase coherence in semiconducting nanowires; helical spin protection and energy‐momentum fluctuations in a topological insulator; and the structure of the Bloch wave function and the relative insusceptibility of topological electronic states to surface potential in a topological Weyl semimetal.
Rational Design of Conjugated Photosensitizers with Controllable Photoconversion for Dually Cooperative Phototherapy
Authors: Ye Shuyue , Rao Jiaming , Qiu Shihong , Zhao Jinglong , He Hui , Yan Ziling , Yang Tao , Deng Yibin , Ke Hengte , Yang Hong , Zhao Yuliang , Guo Zhengqing , Chen Huabing
Published: June 2018

High‐performance photosensitizers are highly desired for achieving selective tumor photoablation in the field of precise cancer therapy. However, photosensitizers frequently suffer from limited tumor suppression or unavoidable tumor regrowth due to the presence of residual tumor cells surviving in phototherapy. A major challenge still remains in exploring an efficient approach to promote dramatic photoconversions of photosensitizers for maximizing the anticancer efficiency. Here, a rational design of boron dipyrromethene (BDP)‐based conjugated photosensitizers (CPs) that can induce dually cooperative phototherapy upon light exposure is demonstrated. The conjugated coupling of BDP monomers into dimeric BDP (di‐BDP) or trimeric BDP (tri‐BDP) induces photoconversions from fluorescence to singlet‐to‐triplet or nonradiative transitions, together with distinctly redshifted absorption into the near‐infrared region. In particular, tri‐BDP within nanoparticles shows preferable conversions into both primary thermal effect and minor singlet oxygen upon near‐infrared light exposure, dramatically achieving tumor photoablation without any regrowth through their cooperative anticancer efficiency caused by their dominant late apoptosis and moderate early apoptosis. This rational design of CPs can serve as a valuable paradigm for cooperative cancer phototherapy in precision medicine.
Unsymmetrical Disulfide Synthesis through Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Dethe Dattatraya H. , Srivastava Aparna , Dherange Balu D. , Kumar B. Vijay
Published: June 2018

A facile and eco‐friendly visible light‐mediated synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical disulfides using tris[2‐phenylpyridinato‐C2,N]iridium(III) under additive and oxidant free conditions has been disclosed. The developed method is very mild, several functional group tolerant and highly atom economical requiring extremely low amount of catalyst loading (0.5 mol%).

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Copper/Persulfate‐Promoted Oxidative Decarboxylative C−H Acylation of Pyrazolones with α‐Oxocarboxylic Acids: Direct Access to 4‐Acylpyrazolones under Mild Conditions
Authors: Kittikool Tanakorn , Thupyai Akkharaphong , Phomphrai Khamphee , Yotphan Sirilata
Published: June 2018

A facile and efficient oxidative C−H acylation of N‐substituted pyrazolones using α‐oxocarboxylic acids as an acyl group source was developed. A combination of Cu(OAc)2 and K2S2O8 enables the reaction to proceed smoothly under air and provides a wide array of 4‐acylpyrazolone products in moderate to excellent yields. The mechanism of this transformation is believed to proceed via a copper‐induced decarboxylation to form the acyl‐copper species. This method provides a convenient and useful route for a direct installation of an acyl moiety into bioactive pyrazolone derivatives, which can be further utilized in many applications.

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Oxadiazepine Synthesis by Formal [4+3] Cycloaddition of o‐Chloromethyl Arylsulfonamides with Nitrones Promoted by NaHCO3
Authors: Zhang Xiaoke , Pan Yang , Liang Peng , Pang Lu , Ma Xiaofeng , Jiao Wei , Shao Huawu
Published: June 2018

An effective and facile method for the synthesis of highly substituted 1,2,3,5‐tetrahydrobenzo[e][1,2,4]‐oxadiazepines is described. A formal [4+3] cycloaddition of N‐(2‐(chloromethyl) phenyl) amides with nitrones afforded benzo[e][1,2,4]‐oxadiazepine derivatives with high atom economy and excellent yields (up to 97%).

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Experimental investigations on biopolymer in enhancing the liquid flow in microchannel
Authors: Abdulbari Hayder A. , Ling Fiona W. M. , Hassan Zulkafli , Thin Heng J.
Published: June 2018

Drag reduction has been incorporated in various industrial fields. Most of the works proved that drag reduction is efficient in turbulent flow. It is also observed that polymers can enhance the laminar flow which could be a milestone in medical field. In this work, five straight microchannels with fixed depth of 100, 50, and 60 μm in width and 200, 300, 400, and 500 μm in length were designed and fabricated using direct writing method. Xanthan gum as bio‐based drag reducing additive was chosen and diluted with deionized water to investigate its feasibility in enhancing the laminar flow in the microchannel. Eight different concentrations of xanthan gum ranging from 20 to 500 ppm were used to evaluate the effect of concentration on drag reduction performance using pressure measurement. The maximum flow increment of 34.90% was achieved by utilizing 500 ppm of xanthan gum at an operating pressure of 100 mbar in the microchannel with a width of 500 μm.
The formation of cross‐linking networks in a fluorinated polymer composite system by electron beam irradiation
Authors: Qian Jing , Fu Chao , Wang Xuemei , Li Weiyan , Chu Huiying , Ran Xianghai , Nie Wei
Published: June 2018

In this article, a cross‐linking network in poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/poly(ethylene‐tetrafluoroethylene) copolymer (ETFE) blends was successfully created by electron beam irradiation. Thermal stability, mechanical properties, chemical structure, rheology properties, and crystallization behavior of irradiated samples were investigated. In particular, the PVDF/ETFE (10/90 wt%) blend irradiated with different dose exhibited better thermal stability and mechanical properties than pure ETFE. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results demonstrated that the fluorinated composite system underwent cross‐linking and degradation reactions as a result of HF elimination and the formation of unsaturated structures and hydroperoxide species. Furthermore, the melting property of irradiated samples changed from liquid‐like behavior to pseudo‐solid‐like behavior. The degree of crystallinity of irradiated samples was found to increase at the range of 0–30 kGy and then clearly decreases with further increase in the irradiation dose. In general, our findings suggest that PVDF/ETFE blends treated with electron beam irradiation provide an opportunity to exploit their stability and durability for mechanically challenging applications.
Gold‐Catalyzed C−H Imidation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Yip Shu Jan , Kawakami Takahiro , Murakami Kei , Itami Kenichiro
Published: June 2018

Amino group is one of the most ubiquitous functional groups, and therefore the direct introduction of amino groups into arenes has gained much attention. Methods for installing amino groups into organic molecules are highly sought after. Herein, a direct C−H imidation under gold(I) chloride catalysis has been developed with N‐fluorobenzenesulfonimide as the imine source. The choice of ligand plays an important role where 2,2′‐biquinoline was found to be most efficient. Various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were directly imidated under the newly established protocol.
Potent Th2 Cytokine Bias of Natural Killer T Cell by CD1d Glycolipid Ligands: Anchoring Effect of Polar Groups in the Lipid Component
Authors: Inuki Shinsuke , Kashiwabara Emi , Hirata Natsumi , Kishi Junichiro , Nabika Etsuko , Fujimoto Yukari
Published: June 2018

Th2‐biasing CD1d ligands are attractive potential candidates for adjuvants and therapeutic drugs. However, the number of potent ligands is limited, and their biasing mechanism remain unclear. Herein, a series of novel Th2‐biasing CD1d glycolipid ligands, based on modification of their lipid part, have been identified. These have shown high binding affinities and efficient Th2 cytokine production. Importantly, the truncated acyl chain containing variants still retain their binding affinities and agonistic activities, which can be associated with an “anchoring effect,” that is, formation of a buried hydrogen bond between a polar group on the acyl chain and the CD1d lipid‐binding pocket. The analysis indicated that the appearance rates of ligand–CD1d complexes on the cell surface were involved in Th2‐biasing responses. The designed ligands, having the anchor in the shorter lipid part, are one of the most potent Th2‐biasing ligands among the known ligands.
Lithiation of Copper Selenide Nanocrystals
Authors: Banerjee Progna , Jain Prashant K.
Published: June 2018

The search for ion‐conductive solid electrolytes for Li+ batteries is an important scientific and technological challenge with economic and sustainable energy implications. In this study, nanocrystals (NCs) of the ion conductor copper selenide (Cu2−ySe) were doped with Li by the process of cation exchange. Li2xCu2−2xSe alloy NCs were formed at intermediate stages of the reaction, which was followed by phase segregation into Li2Se and Cu2Se domains. Li‐doped Cu2−ySe NCs and Li2Se NCs exhibit a possible SI phase at moderately elevated temperatures and warrant further ion‐conductance tests. These findings may guide the design of nanostructured super‐ionic electrolytes for Li+ transport.
A Heterogeneous Metal‐Free Catalyst for Hydrogenation: Lewis Acid–Base Pairs Integrated into a Carbon Lattice
Authors: Ding Yuxiao , Huang Xing , Yi Xianfeng , Qiao Yunxiang , Sun Xiaoyan , Zheng Anmin , Su Dang Sheng
Published: June 2018

Designing heterogeneous metal‐free catalysts for hydrogenation is a long‐standing challenge in catalysis. Nanodiamond‐based carbon materials were prepared that are surface‐doped with electron‐rich nitrogen and electron‐deficient boron. The two heteroatoms are directly bonded to each other to form unquenched Lewis pairs with infinite π‐electron donation from the surrounding graphitic structure. Remarkably, these Lewis pairs can split H2 to form H+/H− pairs, which subsequently serve as the active species for hydrogenation of different substrates. This unprecedented finding sheds light on the uptake of H2 across carbon‐based materials and suggests that dual Lewis acidity–basicity on the carbon surface may be used to heterogeneously activate a variety of small molecules.