bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Situ Inorganic/Organic Protective Layer on Carbon Paper as Advanced Current Collector for Robust Li Metal Anode
Authors: Li Youpeng , Duan Haofan , He Shuqin , Li Junxian , Hu Yang , Li YuTing , Wu Shijie , Wu Heng , Xu Guobao , Wang Gang
Published: September 2024

Lithium (Li) metal is regarded as the most promising anode for next‐generation batteries with high energy density. However, the uncontrolled dendrite growth and infinite volume expansion during cycling seriously hinder the application of Li metal batteries (LMBs). Herein, an inorganic/organic protective layer (labeled as BPH), composed of in situ formed inorganic constituents and PVDF‐HFP, is designed on the 3D carbon paper (CP) surface by hot‐dipping method. The BPH layer can effectively improve the mechanical strength and ionic conductivity of the SEI layer, which is beneficial to expedite the Li‐ion transfer of the entire framework and achieve stable Li plating/stripping behavior. As a result, the modified 3D CP (BPH‐CP) exhibits an ultrahigh average Coulombic efficiency (CE) of ≈99.7% over 400 cycles. Further, the Li||LiFePO4 (LFP) cell exhibits an extremely long‐term cycle life of over 3000 cycles at 5 C. Importantly, the full cell with high mass loading LiFePO4 (20 mg cm−2) or LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM, 16 mg cm−2) cathode exhibits stable cycling for 100 or 150 cycles at 0.5 C with high‐capacity retention of 86.5% or 82.0% even at extremely low N/P ratio of 0.88 or 0.94. believe that this work enlightens a simple and effective strategy for the application of high‐energy‐density and high‐rate‐C LMBs.
Electrostatically Self‐Assembled Magnetic Nanoparticles for High‐Temperature Resistant and Friction‐Controlled Lubrication System
Authors: Yang Tao , Wang Xiaozhen , Liu Huanchen , Chen Siwei , Liu Junming , Zhao Qin , Gong Kuiliang , Li Weimin , Liang Yongmin , Wang Xiaobo
Published: September 2024

Magnetic‐responsive surfactants are considered promising smart lubricating materials due to their significant stimulation response to applied magnetic fields. In this study, four magneto‐responsive surfactants are successfully fabricated and encapsulated on the surface of molybdenum disulfide nanosheets (MoS2@C18H37N+(CH3)3[XCl3Br]−, X = Fe, Ce, Gd, and Ho) as base‐oil components using electrostatic self‐assembly, thereby constructing a multi‐functional magnetic lubrication system (MoS2@STAX). Magnetorheological measurements confirm the remarkable responsiveness of MoS2@STACe lubricants at high shear rates and applied magnetic fields, which is further corroborated by the constant proximity of the magnet. The formation of dense carbon and tribo‐chemical films between the friction interfaces at elevated temperatures is the primary factor contributing to the significant reduction in frictional wear. Notably, the magnetic lubricant demonstrates a pronounced response behavior when subjected to an applied magnetic field in the ceramic tribopair, even at lower magnetic fields. This work presents concepts for the development of high‐temperature resistant and tunable lubrication additives by designing the material structure and controlling the magnetic stimulation.
Origin of Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Activity of the n‐CdS/p‐type Semiconductor Interface: Homojunction or Heterojunction?
Authors: Chae Sang Youn , Jun Minki , Yoon Noyoung , Joo Oh Shim , Kim Jin Young , Park Eun Duck
Published: September 2024

Surface engineering of photoelectrodes is considered critical for achieving efficient photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells, and various p‐type materials have been investigated for use as photoelectrodes. Among these, the p‐type semiconductor/n‐type CdS heterojunction is the most successful photocathode structure because of its enhanced onset potential and photocurrent. However, it is determined that the main contributor to the enhanced activity is the Cd‐doped layer and not the CdS layer. In this study, a Cd‐doped n+p‐buried homojunction of a CuInS2 photocathode is first demonstrated without a CdS layer. The homojunction exhibited a more active and stable PEC performance than the CdS/CuInS2 heterojunction. Moreover, it is confirmed that Cd doping is effective for other p‐type materials. These results strongly suggest that the effects of Cd doping on photocathodes should be carefully investigated when designing CdS/p‐semiconductor heterojunction photoelectrodes. They also indicate that the Cd‐doped layer has great potential to replace the CdS layer in future photoelectrode designs.
Spatially Confined Alloying of Pt Accelerates Mass Transport for Fuel Cell Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Gao Yuxin , Liu Hang , Wang Xintian , Liu Xiao , Shan Bin , Chen Rong
Published: September 2024

Pt‐based alloy with high mass activity and durability is highly desired for proton exchange membrane fuel cells, yet a great challenge remains due to the high mass transport resistance near catalysts with lowering Pt loading. Herein, an extensible approach employing atomic layer deposition to accurately introduce a gas‐phase metal precursor into platinum nanoparticles (NPs) pre‐filled mesoporous channels is reported, achieved by controlling both the deposition site and quantity. Following the spatially confined alloying treatment, the prepared PtSn alloy catalyst within mesopores demonstrates a small size and homogeneous distribution (2.10 ± 0.53 nm). The membrane electrode assembly with mesoporous carbon‐supported PtSn alloy catalyst achieves a high initial mass activity of 0.85 A at 0.9 V, which is attributed to the smallest local oxygen transport resistance (3.68 S m−1) ever reported. The mass activity of the catalyst only decreases by 11% after 30000 cycles of accelerated durability test, representing superior full‐cell durability among the reported Pt‐based alloy catalysts. The enhanced activity and durability are attributed to the decreased adsorption energy of oxygen intermediates on Pt surface and the strong electronic interaction between Pt and Sn inhibiting Pt dissolution.
Impact of Imine Bond Orientations and Acceptor Groups on Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation of Donor–Acceptor Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Han Chao‐Qin , Guo Jia‐Xin , Sun Shuai , Wang Ze‐Yang , Wang Lei , Liu Xiao‐Yuan
Published: September 2024

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as one of the most studied photocatalysts owing to their adjustable structure and bandgaps. However, there is limited research on regulating the light‐harvesting capabilities of acceptor building blocks in donor–acceptor (D–A) isomer COFs with different bond orientations. This investigation is crucial for elucidating the structure‐property‐performance relationship of COF photocatalysts. Herein, a series of D–A isostructural COFs are synthesized with different imine bond orientations using benzothiadiazole and its derivatives‐based organic building units. Extended light absorption is achieved in COFs with acceptor groups that have strong electron‐withdrawing capacities, although this resulted a decreased hydrogen generation efficiency. Photocatalytic experiments indicated that dialdehyde benzothiadiazole‐based COFs, HIAM‐0015, exhibit the highest hydrogen generation rate (17.99 mmol g−1 h−1), which is 15 times higher than its isomer. The excellent photocatalytic performance of HIAM‐0015 can be attributed to its fast charge separation and migration. This work provides insights into the rational design and synthesis of D–A COFs to achieve efficient photocatalytic activity.
Copper Single‐Atom Nanozyme Mimicking Galactose Oxidase with Superior Catalytic Activity and Selectivity
Authors: Hamed Eslam M. , He Limo , Rai Varun , Hu Song , Li Sam F. Y.
Published: September 2024

Due to the low stability and high cost of some natural enzymes, nanozymes have been developed as enzyme‐imitating nanomaterials. Single‐atom nanozymes are a class of nanozymes with metal centers that mimic the structure of metal‐based natural enzymes. Herein, Cu‐N‐C single‐atom nanozyme (SAN) is synthesized with excellent peroxidase‐ and enhanced oxidase‐like activities to mimic the action of natural galactose oxidase. Cu‐SAN demonstrates stereospecific activity akin to that of natural galactose oxidase by oxidizing D‐galactose and primary alcohol but not L‐Galactose or other carbohydrates. The SAN can catalyze the oxidation of galactose in the presence of oxygen, producing hydrogen peroxide as a sub‐product. The produced hydrogen peroxide then oxidizes 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine catalyzed by the SAN, yielding the typical blue product. The relationship between absorbance and galactose concentration is linear in the 1–60 µm range with a detection limit as low as 0.23 µm. This strategy can be utilized in the diagnosis of galactosemia disorder and detection of galactose in some dairy and other commercial products. DFT calculations clarify the high activity of the Cu sites in the POD‐like reaction and explain the selectivity of the Cu‐SAN oxidase‐like reaction toward D‐galactose
Room‐Temperature Possible Current‐Induced Transition in Ca2RuO4 Thin Films Grown Through Intercalation‐Like Cation Diffusion in the A2BO4 Ruddlesden–Popper Structure
Authors: Fukuchi Atsushi , Katase Takayoshi , Kamiya Toshio
Published: September 2024

Cation deficiency tuning is a central issue in thin‐film epitaxy of functional metal oxides, as it is typically more difficult than anion deficiency tuning, as anions can be readily supplied from gas sources. Here, highly effective internal deficiency compensation of Ru cations is demonstrated for Ca2RuO4 epitaxial films based on diffusive transfer of metal cations in the A2BO4 Ruddlesden–Popper lattice from solid‐phase cation sources. Through detailed structural characterization of Ca2RuO4/LaAlO3 (001) thin films grown with external cation sources by solid‐phase epitaxy, the occurrence of intercalation‐like, interstitial diffusion of La cations (from the substrates) in the A2BO4 structure is revealed, and that of Ru cations is also suggested. Relying on the interstitial‐type diffusion, an optimized Ru deficiency compensation method, which does not induce the formation of Can+1RunO3n+1 Ruddlesden–Popper impurity phases with higher n, is proposed for Ca2RuO4 epitaxial films. In the Ca2RuO4/LaAlO3 (001) thin films grown with Ru deficiency compensation, record‐high resistivity values (102–10−1 Ω cm) and a large (more than 200 K) increase in the temperature range of the nonlinear transport properties are demonstrated by transport measurements, demonstrating the possible advantages of this method in the control of the current‐induced quantum phase transition of Ca2RuO4.
Germanene Reformation from Oxidized Germanene on Ag(111)/Ge(111) by Vacuum Annealing
Authors: Suzuki Seiya , Katsube Daiki , Yano Masahiro , Tsuda Yasutaka , Terasawa Tomo‐o , Ozawa Takahiro , Fukutani Katsuyuki , Kim Yousoo , Asaoka Hidehito , Yuhara Junji , Yoshigoe Akitaka
Published: September 2024

For group 14 mono‐elemental 2D materials, such as silicene, germanene, and stanene, oxidation is a severe problem that alters or degrades their physical properties. This study shows that the oxidized germanene on Ag(111)/Ge(111) can be reformed to germanene by simple heating ≈500 °C in a vacuum. The key reaction in reforming germanene is the desorption of GeO and GeO2 during heating ≈350 °C. After removing surface oxygen, Ge further segregates to the surface, resulting in the reformation of germanene. The reformed germanene has the same crystal structure, a (7√7 × 7√7) R19.1° supercell with respect to Ag(111), and has equivalent high quality to that of as‐grown germanene on Ag(111)/Ge(111). Even after air oxidation, germanene can be reformed by annealing in a vacuum. On the other hand, the desorption of GeO and GeO2 at high temperatures is not suppressed in the O2 backfilling atmosphere. This instability of oxidized germanene/Ag(111)/Ge(111) at high temperatures contributes to the ease of germanene reformation without residual oxygen. In other words, the present germanene reformation, as well as the segregation of germanene on Ag(111)/Ge(111), is a highly robust process to synthesize germanene.
A Liquid Metal‐Based Temperature‐Responsive Low‐Toxic Smart Coating for Anti‐Biofouling Applications in Marine Engineering
Authors: Li Ningbo , Jiang Xuzhou , Yu Hongying , Sun Dongbai
Published: September 2024

Titanium alloys have been widely used in marine engineering fields. However, because of high biocompatibility, they are vulnerable to biofouling. In this work, based on the micro‐arc oxidation technology and spontaneous galvanic replacement reaction, a temperature‐responsive low‐toxic smart coating consisting of liquid metal particles is designed to control the release of Ga3+, Cu2+, and Cu1+ ions in different temperatures. This technology can ensure the full release of active ingredients within the target temperature range, intelligently maintaining the excellent anti‐biofouling performance, while saving active ingredients. After being immersed in culture media with Sulfate‐Reducing Bacteria (SRB) for 14 days at 10, 20, and 30 °C, at the optimal activity temperature of 30 °C for SRB, the best sample releases the highest amounts of Ga3+, Cu2+, and Cu1+ ions, demonstrating a 99.9% bactericidal rate. When the temperature decreases to 10 °C, the activity level of SRB is very low, and the smart coating can also reduce the released ions correspondingly, still with a 97.3% bactericidal rate. The remarkable anti‐biofouling performance is attributed to the physical damage and lethal ions interaction. Furthermore, the best sample exhibits good corrosion resistance. This work presents a design route for smart anti‐biofouling coatings for temperature‐responsive.
Engineering the Sandwich‐Type Porphyrinic MOF‐Ruthenium–Nickel Foam Electrode for Boosting Overall Water Splitting via Self‐Reconstruction
Authors: Liu Tingting , Yu Xinhui , Wu Yuanyuan , Chu Xianyu , Jiang Wei , Liu Bo , Liu Chunbo , Che Guangbo
Published: September 2024

The rational construction of a hierarchical noble metal–metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) structure is anticipated to yield enduring and highly efficient performance in alkaline electrocatalytic water splitting. Herein, a sandwich construction strategy is employed to enhance the stability, wherein active RutheniRu (Ru) nanosheets are incorporated onto nickel foam (NF) and subsequently covered with porphyrinic MOFs (PMOFs). In addition, activated PMOF‐NiOOH‐Ru20/NF‐C/A electrodes are obtained by electrochemical self‐reconstruction as cathode and anode, respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrated that the resulting PMOF‐NiOOH‐Ru heterointerface effectively facilitated electron transfer, enhanced H2O adsorption capacity, and optimized ΔG values for *H and *O to *OOH. Consequently, PMOF‐NiOOH‐Ru20/NF‐C/A exhibited low overpotentials for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), accompanied by minimal Ru leakage. Furthermore, stable overall water splitting can be achieved with a low voltage of 1.456 V@10 mA cm−2 for over 120 h. Even when operated in simulated seawater, the prepared electrodes demonstrated similar activity and stability. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the regulation mechanism for the performance and stability of active sites in the electrocatalytic self‐reconstruction process.
Observation of a Novel Interligand Chiral Arrangement in Metal Nanoclusters and Its Implication in Resisting Racemization
Authors: Zheng Peisen , Wang Shuang , Zhao Huan , Li Qinzhen , Yang Sha , Chai Jinsong , Zhu Manzhou
Published: September 2024

Given the scientifically significant importance of studying the chirality of clusters, the challenges of synthesizing chiral clusters are progressively surmounted. However, the racemization of clusters is unavoidable, and it limits the development of their follow‐on chiral applications. To address this issue, chiral thiols are synthesized and used for the construction of high‐stability optically pure nanoclusters in this work. As a result, a pair of chiral nanoclusters, Au24Cd2(SR)14, is obtained with excellent stability under thermal, acidic, alkaline, oxidizing, and reducing environments. Unexpectedly, it can also maintain its optical activity with the introduction of Cu2+ ions and chiral ligand with opposite configuration. Structural relationship analysis indicates that the excellent stability is mainly dependent on the hierarchical assembly of the nanoclusters, in which the chiral assembly of chiral ligands (a new pattern of chiral arrangement of intramolecular ligands on the surface of clusters) may be a key factor.
Exploring the corruption‐inefficiency nexus using an endogenous stochastic frontier analysis
Authors: Finocchiaro Castro Massimo , Guccio Calogero
Published: September 2024

Several scholars report that, due to reverse causality, the endogeneity problem makes it difficult to identify the real effect of institutional factors at the local level, such as corruption, on firm efficiency. This study employs a panel stochastic frontier analysis that endogenizes production efficiency and robustly assesses the effect of corruption at the local level on firms' technical efficiency. We analyze a large panel of Italian firms operating in the building sector from 2013 to 2019 showing that the determinants of local institutional quality affects firms' performance, with the rule of law and control of corruption playing a preeminent role. Controlling for endogeneity, the magnitude of the effects of institutional quality factors at the local level significantly increase. Our findings are robust to alternative IV strategies, alternative specifications of the production function, and the inclusion of other factors that may affect firm efficiency.
Characterization of CrMnNi Steel Powders Obtained via Gas Atomization
Authors: Sherstneva Anastasiia , Quitzke Caroline , Bellé Matheus R. , Wendler Marco , Volkova Olena
Published: September 2024

To obtain a successful product during additive manufacturing, the powder as a raw material must have the high quality. The purpose of this work is to investigate CrMnNi steel powders obtained by inert gas atomization with nickel content: 3, 6, and 9 wt% and to identify dependencies between the powder size and morphology, solidification structure, and change in chemical composition and thermophysical properties. Particle size distribution is measured by a laser scattering analyzer: d50 value are 82.02, 69.32, and 75.54 μm for powders with 3, 6, and 9 wt%, respectively. Surface tension (ST) measurements are made by maximum bubble pressure method: for steels with 3, 6, and 9 wt% at temperature 1500 °C, ST is 1.01, 1.07, and 1.15 mN m−1, respectively. It is found that the change in particle size affects the chemical composition, the content of the ferromagnetic phase and secondary dendritic arm‐spacing. Changes in the content of elements such as S, O, N, and Mn are determined, depending on the diameter of the particles. The influence of changes in content of S, O, and N on the thermophysical properties such as ST is investigated.
Effect of Cerium Addition on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Ductile Iron
Authors: Xie Zhongyan , Liu Yubao , Ren Ying , Zhang Lifeng
Published: September 2024

The effect of the cerium addition on the microstructure and properties of the ductile iron is investigated. The ferrocerium is added to obtain ductile iron samples with cerium contents of 10–750 ppm. In the ductile iron with a cerium content of 60 ppm, the amount and the spheroidization rate of graphites are the highest. The tensile strength of the ductile iron is 488 MPa and the elongation rate reaches 20.17%. For the ductile iron with a high toughness demand, it is necessary to add 60 ppm Ce in the ductile iron to increase the number density and spheroidization rate of graphites. The formation of CeS inclusions effectively promotes the heterogeneous nucleation of graphites, increasing the amount of graphites. The stronger carbon diffusion during the eutectic process increases the ferrite formation in the ductile iron, leading to a lower tensile strength and a higher elongation rate. When the cerium content exceeds 460 ppm, the precipitated Ce2C3 significantly reduces the performance of the ductile iron.
Prediction of Microstructure Evolution in Ball Mill Liner Forging Process
Authors: Ji Hongchao , Liu Wei , Liu Weimin , Huang Xiaomin , Song Changzhe , Liu Shengqiang
Published: September 2024

The liner is affixed to the inner side of the ball mill cylinder to protect the cylinder. Through isothermal compression experiments, Arrhenius constitutive models, peak strain models, critical strain models, dynamic recrystallization dynamic models, and grain size models suitable for the forging process of Mn–Cr–Ni–Mo steel used in ball mill liners were established. By utilizing Deform software, a 3D thermo‐force‐structure coupling model for the hot forging process of ball mill liners was constructed, and the volume fraction of dynamic recrystallization and average grain size during forging was predicted. The response surface model was employed to investigate how process parameters interacted with each other and affected microstructure uniformity in ball mill liners. After optimization, the optimal parameters were determined: initial forging temperature at 1200 °C, forging speed at 30 mm s−1, and friction coefficient at 0.3. Subsequently, a hot forging experiment on ball mill liners was conducted using these optimized parameters; samples were analyzed through backscattered electron diffraction device experiments and microscopic tissue observations. Results demonstrated that microstructural changes observed during actual forging processes aligned with numerical simulation results—thus verifying both the accuracy of the Mn–Cr–Ni–Mo steel material model and numerical simulation method.
Effect of the Ratio of Soluble and Insoluble Dietary Fiber from Rice Bran with Extrusion Cooking Treatment on Pasting, Thermal, and Structural Properties of Rice Starch Gel
Authors: Wang Lei‐Xin , Ma Yu‐Hui , Lv Ying‐Guo , Wu Na‐Na , Tan Bin
Published: September 2024

This study aims to investigate the effect of different ratios of soluble and insoluble dietary fiber (0/100, 25/75, 40/60, 55/45, 70/30, 85/15, 100/0) in rice bran treated with or without extrusion cooking on the physicochemical and structural properties of rice starch. As the ratio of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) increases, the PV (peak viscosity), FV (final viscosity), SB (setback value), and BD (breakdown value) of starch are significantly decreased, indicating that a higher SDF ratio can delay the short‐term retrogradation of starch. Compared with the unextruded rice bran SDF/IDF starch gel, the content of weak bond water and free water in the extruded rice bran SDF/IDF starch gel is higher while the content of strong bond water in the starch gel is lower at the same SDF/IDF ratio. Meanwhile, for the results X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), the rice starch with the extruded rice bran SDF/IDF ratio of 25:75 shows the lowest relative crystallinity of 3.48% and the lowest peak to height ratio of FTIR (1047 cm−1/1022 cm−1) of 1.0746, suggesting that the inhibition effect on rice starch retrogradation is better. This may be beneficial for the utilization of different ratios of SDF/IDF from extruded rice bran and physicochemical properties improvement of rice starch gel.
What Drives Social Accounting Research? Insights From a Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Doddaullarthi Basavaraj Chetanraj , Jaya Prakash Senthil Kumar
Published: September 2024

With the increasing importance
of sustainability and corporate social responsibility across the globe, social accounting practices are being accepted worldwide; however, the rate of acceptance varies. By analyzing trends, patterns, and future areas of social accounting research, this study aims to address the gap in systematic analysis in this area of research. In the present study, social accounting literature is reviewed through bibliometric techniques, and the vast body of research associated with social accounting is systematized to identify major trends, the most successful authors, methodological variety, and topic relevance. Bibliographic data are retrieved from Scopus and Web of Science databases. Data analysis is performed using Biblioshiny R and Python programming languages. The corpus includes publications from 1946 to March 2024, and 2286 publications remain in the final sample. The results indicate a 6.2% growth rate per year, and the leading contributing country is the UK, followed by Australia, Italy, and the USA. Methodological diversity analysis shows a commitment to empirical research, in which surveys and quantitative research dominate. The topic analysis identified 10 major topics. The studie's innovation lies in the comprehensive nature of bibliometric analysis, which provides insights into the growth, development, and diversity of social accounting research. The implications are related to the increasing importance of sustainability and environmental, social, and governance performance areas, while future research opportunities include the use of digital technologies to achieve improved transparency and stakeholder engagement.
Fecal urgency and incontinence in inflammatory bowel disease perceived by physician and patient: Results from the Swiss fecal urgency survey
Authors: Wespi Nadia , Vavricka Stephan , Brand Stephan , Aepli Patrick , Burri Emanuel , Misselwitz Benjamin , Seibold Frank , Hruz Petr , Peyrin‐Biroulet Laurent , Schoepfer Alain , Biedermann Luc , Sokollik Christiane , Rogler Gerhard , Greuter Thomas
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Although increasingly appreciated, little is known about the prevalence of fecal urgency, fecal incontinence and differences between patients' and physicians' perception in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods

We performed an online patient and physician survey to evaluate the assessment, prevalence and impact of fecal urgency and incontinence in IBD.

Results

A total of 593 patients (44.0% ulcerative colitis (UC), 53.5% Crohn's disease (CD), 2.2% indeterminate colitis, 2 not specified) completed the survey (65.8% females, mean age 47.1 years). Fecal urgency was often reported (UC: 98.5%, CD: 96.2%) and was prevalent even during remission (UC: 65.9%, CD: 68.5%). Fecal urgency considerably impacted daily activities (visual analog scale [VAS] 5, IQR 3–8). Yet, 22.8% of patients have never discussed fecal urgency with their physicians. Fecal incontinence was experienced by 44.7% of patients and 7.9% on a weekly basis. Diapers/pads were required at least once a month in 20.4% of patients. However, 29.7% of patients never talked with their physician about fecal incontinence. UC was an independent predictor for the presence of moderate‐severe fecal urgency (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.13–2.41) and fecal incontinence (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.22–2.59). All physicians claimed to regularly inquire about fecal urgency and incontinence. However, the impact of these symptoms on daily activities was overestimated compared with the patient feedback (median VAS 8 vs. 5, p = 0.0113, and 9 vs. 5, p = 0.0187).

Conclusions

Fecal urgency and incontinence are burdensome symptoms in IBD, with a similar prevalence in UC and CD. A mismatch was found between the physician and patient perception. These symptoms should be addressed during outpatient visits.
Demonstrating a decision support process for landscape conservation design
Authors: Bonnot Thomas W. , Jones‐Farrand D. Todd , Muenks Nate D. , Thompson Frank R.
Published: September 2024

Despite the recent increase in landscape conservation and the design processes agencies are undertaking, there remains an implementation gap due to an inability to evaluate general strategies and account for uncertainties faced by managers. We demonstrated how a decision support process (DSP), recently developed to inform landscape conservation design, can address uncertainties and complexities inherent in landscape conservation to facilitate long‐term, large‐scale conservation planning. We applied the DSP to landscape conservation efforts within conservation opportunity areas (COA) of states in the Gulf Coastal Plains and Ozarks region. We engaged state planners within the region to identify important landscape conservation uncertainties they face in planning. We developed, simulated, and modeled the impacts of conservation addressing 3 uncertainties identified by state wildlife managers and evaluated the impacts by examining the responses of state and local populations of 2 bird species of conservation concern, prairie warbler (Setophaga discolor) and wood thrush (Hylocichla mustelina). The responses of prairie warbler populations to conservation strategies indicated that both approaches of protecting quality habitat from land‐use change and restoring and enhancing lower quality and nonhabitat improved their viability at regional, statewide, and COA scales. However, we noted that the relative effectiveness of strategies varied among states in ways that suggest a state's process for delineating COAs and what threats they face could influence which conservation approach to consider. Our findings highlight the need for regional coordination and the use of decision‐support processes to guide effective conservation at landscape scales.
Einleitung
Authors: Tanner Iris
Published: September 2024

Nach der Definition von Interaktion (vgl. Goffman 1956), welches eines der zentralen Begriffe für diese Arbeit sein wird, wird zuerst auf den wissenschaftlichen Hintergrund der Autorin, die Konversationsanalyse, eingegangen (vgl. Kapitel 1.1). Dann wird kurz zusammengefasst, was wir bisher über guten (Mathematik-)Unterricht wissen (vgl. Kapitel 1.2). Am Ende des Einleitungskapitels folgen die Zielsetzung der Arbeit (vgl. Kapitel 1.3) und deren Aufbau (vgl. Kapitel 1.4).
Lerndialoge und Lernunterstützung: Die Rolle der Lehrperson beim sozial-konstruktivistischen Wissensaufbau
Authors: Tanner Iris
Published: September 2024

In diesem Kapitel wird auf zentrale theoretische Grundannahmen zur Unterstützungsrolle der Lehrperson im Unterricht genauer eingegangen. Die Aufgabe der Lehrperson besteht darin, Problemsituationen aufzuzeigen, so dass bei den Lernenden kognitive Konflikte entstehen. Dann unterstützen sie diese beim «aktiven Vollzug der Erkenntnisakte» (Pauli, 2006, S. 197). Die Bedeutung des Lerndialoges (vgl. Abschnitt 3.1) wird beschrieben, der eine fachlich-fachdidaktische Seite und eine emotional-motivationale Seite der Lernunterstützung umfasst. In Bezug auf die fachdidaktische Seite (vgl. Abschnitt 3.2) wird u.a. der Modellierungsprozess tiefer vorgestellt, der zum Lösen von Textaufgaben durchlaufen werden muss. Dann wird auf die kommunikativen Anforderungen von Lehr-Lerndialogen eingegangen (vgl. Abschnitt 3.3). Zu diesem Teilaspekt sind besonders die Konzepte von Beteiligungsrahmen zentral, die den Schülern und Schülerinnen in Lehr-Lerngesprächen gegeben werden sollen. Diese können u.a. durch eine lernförderliche Gesprächsführung eingebracht werden.
Multivariable generalizations of bivariate means via invariance
Authors: Pasteczka Paweł
Published: September 2024

For a given p-variable mean $$M :I^p \rightarrow I$$

M
:

I
p

→
I

(I is a subinterval of $${\mathbb {R}}$$
R
), following (Horwitz in J Math Anal Appl 270(2):499–518, 2002) and (Lawson and Lim in Colloq Math 113(2):191–221, 2008), we can define (under certain assumptions) its $$(p+1)$$

(
p
+
1
)

-variable $$\beta $$
β
-invariant extension as the unique solution $$K :I^{p+1} \rightarrow I$$

K
:

I

p
+
1

→
I

of the functional equation $$\begin{aligned}&K\big (M(x_2,\dots ,x_{p+1}),M(x_1,x_3,\dots ,x_{p+1}),\dots ,M(x_1,\dots ,x_p)\big )\\&\quad =K(x_1,\dots ,x_{p+1}), \text { for all }x_1,\dots ,x_{p+1} \in I \end{aligned}$$

K

(

M

(

x
2

,
⋯
,

x

p
+
1

)

,
M

(

x
1

,

x
3

,
⋯
,

x

p
+
1

)

,
⋯
,
M

(

x
1

,
⋯
,

x
p

)

)

=
K

(

x
1

,
⋯
,

x

p
+
1

)

,

for all

x
1

,
⋯
,

x

p
+
1

∈
I

in the family of means. Applying this procedure iteratively we can obtain a mean which is defined for vectors of arbitrary lengths starting from the bivariate one. The aim of this paper is to study the properties of such extensions.
The Growth Order of the Optimal Constants in Turán-Erőd Type Inequalities in $$L^q(K,\mu )$$
Authors: Glazyrina Polina Yu. , Goryacheva Yuliya S. , Révész Szilárd Gy.
Published: September 2024

In 1939 Turán raised the question about lower estimations of the maximum norm of the derivatives of a polynomial p of maximum norm 1 on the compact set K of the complex plain under the normalization condition that the zeroes of p in question all lie in K. Turán studied the problem for the interval I and the unit disk D and found that with $$n:= \deg p$$

n
:
=
deg
p

tending to infinity, the precise growth order of the minimal possible derivative norm (oscillation order) is $$\sqrt{n}$$

n

for I and n for D. Erőd continued the work of Turán considering other domains. Finally, in 2006, Halász and Révész proved that the growth of the minimal possible maximal norm of the derivative is of order n for all compact convex domains. Although Turán himself gave comments about the above oscillation question in $$L^q$$

L
q

norms, till recently results were known only for D and I. Recently, we have found order n lower estimations for several general classes of compact convex domains, and proved that in $$L^q$$

L
q

norm the oscillation order is at least $$n/\log n$$

n
/
log
n

for all compact convex domains. In the present paper we prove that the oscillation order is not greater than n for all compact (not necessarily convex) domains K and $$L^q$$

L
q

norm with respect to any measure supported on more than two points on K.
Clinical and functional outcomes of locked plating vs. cerclage compression wiring for AO type C patellar fractures– a retrospective single-center cohort study
Authors: Bickel Steven , Jensen Kai Oliver , Klingebiel Felix Karl-Ludwig , Teuben Michel Paul Johan , Pfeifer Roman , Pape Hans-Christoph , Hierholzer Christian , Kalbas Yannik
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Although “tension-band wiring” is still commonly used to stabilize patellar fractures, the technique has recently been scrutinized due to biomechanical insufficiency. Consequently, the AO Foundation renamed the principle to compression cerclage wiring (CCW). Several studies propose favorable outcomes when utilizing locked plating (LP). This study aims to compare outcome of CCW and LP for complex patellar fractures.

Methods

A retrospective, single-center cohort study was performed on patients who underwent operative treatment for (AO 34 C-Type) patellar fractures between April 2013 and March 2023. Patients with a 12 month follow up were included. We grouped and compared patients based on the applied treatment strategy: group LP vs. group CCW. Primary outcome parameters included implant-related complications and revision surgeries. Secondary outcomes were length of stay, return to work and 12 months functional outcome (Lysholm score). Odd ratios for complications and revisions were calculated using the conditional Maximum Likelihood Estimate. The threshold for statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results

Of 145 patients, 63 could be included (group LP: n = 23 and group CCW: n = 40). Fractures in group LP were significantly more complex in regard to AO Classification (p < 0.001), number of fragments (p < 0.001) and degree of comminution (p < 0.001), yet odds of complications were significantly lower in group LP (OR: 0.147; 95%CI: 0.015–0.742; p = 0.009). K-wire migration was the most common complication in group CCW (20%). Odds of revision surgery were significantly lower in group LP (OR: 0.000; 95%CI: 0.000-1.120; p = 0.041). The average Lysholm score at one year was favorable in both groups (89.8; SD: 11.9 in group LP and 90.6; SD: 9.3 in group CCW; n.s.).

Conclusion

In our study cohort, LP was routinely chosen for more complex fracture morphologies; nevertheless the data implies that LP may be considered as the superior fixation technique in regard to complications and revision operations. Especially, K-wire migration occurs frequently after CCW. The one year functional outcome was comparable between the groups, with both demonstrating good results. Prospective randomized studies are indicated to validate our findings.
Elevated risk of adverse effects from foodborne contaminants and drugs in inflammatory bowel disease: a review
Authors: Walraven Tom , Busch Mathias , Wang Jingxuan , Donkers Joanne M. , Duijvestein Marjolijn , van de Steeg Evita , Kramer Nynke I. , Bouwmeester Hans
Published: September 2024

The global burden of Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been rising over the last decades. IBD is an intestinal disorder with a complex and largely unknown etiology. The disease is characterized by a chronically inflamed gastrointestinal tract, with intermittent phases of exacerbation and remission. This compromised intestinal barrier can contribute to, enhance, or even enable the toxicity of drugs, food-borne chemicals and particulate matter. This review discusses whether the rising prevalence of IBD in our society warrants the consideration of IBD patients as a specific population group in toxicological safety assessment. Various in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro models are discussed that can simulate hallmarks of IBD and may be used to study the effects of prevalent intestinal inflammation on the hazards of these various toxicants. In conclusion, risk assessments based on healthy individuals may not sufficiently cover IBD patient safety and it is suggested to consider this susceptible subgroup of the population in future toxicological assessments.
CMAA–AHP: combinatorial multicriteria acceptability analysis with the analytic hierarchy process
Authors: Goers Jana , Eckardt Marten , Blumenthal Edgar , Horton Graham
Published: September 2024

Combinatorial multi-criteria acceptability analysis (CMAA) is a framework for supporting multicriteria group decisions that provides both a detailed analysis of the effects of individual decision-maker inputs as well as interactive guidance for a consensus-building process. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is a widely-used model of decision-maker evaluations that is based on pairwise comparisons. The goal of this work is to show how CMAA can be integrated with AHP in order to make its benefits available to AHP users. We use a minimal input format for AHP which avoids a problem with inconsistency and also reduces the cognitive load on the decision-makers. We extend the CMAA method by introducing new judgement and preference sensitivity variables, which provide helpful insights for the facilitator of the group decision. An example illustrates the combined CMAA–AHP method and its ability to deliver consensus in a very small number of iterations. Monte Carlo simulation is used to study the convergence behavior of the method for a range of problem dimensions. It was found that the mean number of steps to reach consensus grows linearly with the number of alternatives and criteria. We consider two previously published group decisions that use the standard AHP approach of averaging decision-maker judgements and preferences. In both cases, CMAA–AHP delivers the same rankings based on the original input. However, the new method also provides insight into each decision and would have been able to guide each group to consensus within a small number of resolution steps.
Oscillatory contractile forces refine endothelial cell-cell interactions for continuous lumen formation governed by Heg1/Ccm1
Authors: Yin Jianmin , Maggi Ludovico , Wiesner Cora , Affolter Markus , Belting Heinz-Georg
Published: September 2024

The formation and organization of complex blood vessel networks rely on various biophysical forces, yet the mechanisms governing endothelial cell-cell interactions under different mechanical inputs are not well understood. Using the dorsal longitudinal anastomotic vessel (DLAV) in zebrafish as a model, we studied the roles of multiple biophysical inputs and cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM)-related genes in angiogenesis. Our research identifies heg1 and krit1 (ccm1) as crucial for the formation of endothelial cell-cell interfaces during anastomosis. In mutants of these genes, cell-cell interfaces are entangled with fragmented apical domains. A Heg1 live reporter demonstrated that Heg1 is dynamically involved in the oscillatory constrictions along cell-cell junctions, whilst a Myosin live reporter indicated that heg1 and krit1 mutants lack actomyosin contractility along these junctions. In wild-type embryos, the oscillatory contractile forces at junctions refine endothelial cell-cell interactions by straightening junctions and eliminating excessive cell-cell interfaces. Conversely, in the absence of junctional contractility, the cell-cell interfaces become entangled and prone to collapse in both mutants, preventing the formation of a continuous luminal space. By restoring junctional contractility via optogenetic activation of RhoA, contorted junctions are straightened and disentangled. Additionally, haemodynamic forces complement actomyosin contractile forces in resolving entangled cell-cell interfaces in both wild-type and mutant embryos. Overall, our study reveals that oscillatory contractile forces governed by Heg1 and Krit1 are essential for maintaining proper endothelial cell-cell interfaces and thus for the formation of a continuous luminal space, which is essential to generate a functional vasculature.
High site fidelity and reduced survival of a mycophagous mammal after prescribed fire
Authors: Pla Mark Le , Hradsky Bronwyn A. , Di Stefano Julian , Farley-Lehmer Tamika C. , Birnbaum Emma K. , Pascoe Jack H.
Published: September 2024

Fire offers both opportunities and risks for wildlife. Its impact will depend on the fire’s scale, how it alters key resources and how animals move. Understanding how wildlife respond to fire is crucial as climate change is predicted to increase wildfire risk and will likely result in more frequent prescribed fire to reduce wildfire risk. Invasive predators and inappropriate fire regimes in south-eastern Australia threaten the long-nosed potoroo (Potorous tridactylus), a vulnerable marsupial often residing in areas frequently exposed to fire. The cumulative impacts of fire and predation may increase the threat to P. tridactylus after fire, as predators can be more effective in the immediate post-fire environment and P. tridactylus is often dependent on thick ground cover. We present a before-after control-impact experiment describing the influence of prescribed fire on P. tridactylus. We fitted GPS collars to 52 individuals at nine independent sites to test if exposure to prescribed burning reduced their survival or altered their movement behavior. Prescribed fire reduced P. tridactylus survival, yet range size and diffusion (movement) rate remained largely unaffected. With limited fire exposure, P. tridactylus tended to continue using burnt areas whereas activity became restricted to unburnt areas when larger proportions of their home range burnt. Site fidelity was very high - individuals rarely moved their home ranges after fire, regardless of fire exposure. Our results suggest recently burnt areas may be particularly dangerous for P. tridactylus: areas that can be attractive yet confer lower fitness outcomes. P. tridactylus may benefit from smaller fire scars, retention of structurally complex vegetation, and integrating invasive predator control with prescribed burning.
Psychometric Properties of the Japanese Translation of the Parent Overprotection Measure for Mother and Father Reports
Authors: Okawa Sho , Rapee Ronald M. , Takahashi Takahito , Reardon Tessa , Arai Honami , Shimizu Eiji , Creswell Cathy
Published: September 2024

The Parent Overprotection Measure (POM) is a promising scale to measure parent overprotection toward a child from the parent’s perspective. However, no Japanese translation of the scale has been developed, and whether the POM can be applied to a Japanese population is unknown. This study translated the POM into Japanese and examined its psychometric properties. Parents of 380 children aged 4 to 7 years (including 190 mothers and 190 fathers) completed online questionnaires. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) indicated that the Japanese translation of the POM has a bi-factor structure, including one general factor (general overprotection) and two specific factors (care/attention and control/prevention). The measurement invariance of reports from mothers’ and fathers’ perspectives was confirmed by multiple group CFA. The McDonald’s Omega was acceptable for all factors, but the general overprotection factor explained most scale variance. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were more than .20 between the control/prevention factor and child anxiety symptoms in both mother and father reports. The correlation between the control/prevention factor and parent anxiety according to fathers’ reports also exceeded .20. These results provided the factor structure and supported the reliability of the POM among a Japanese population; however, further investigation of the validity of the scale is needed.
Family Formation and Employment Changes Among Descendants of Immigrants in France: A Multiprocess Analysis
Authors: Delaporte Isaure , Kulu Hill
Published: September 2024

This paper investigates the association between family formation and the labour market trajectories of immigrants’ descendants over the life course. Using rich data from the Trajectories and Origins survey from France, we apply multilevel event history models to analyse the transitions in and out of employment for both men and women by parity. We account for unobserved co-determinants of childbearing and employment by applying a simultaneous-equations modelling. Our analysis shows that women’s professional careers are negatively associated with childbirth. There are differences across descendant groups. The female descendants of Turkish immigrants are more likely to exit employment and less likely to re-enter employment following childbirth than women from other groups. The negative impact of childbearing on employment is slightly overestimated among women due to unobserved selection effects. Among men, the descendants of European immigrants are less likely to exit employment after having a child than other descendant groups. The study demonstrates the negative effect of childbearing on women’s employment, which is pronounced for some minority groups suggesting the need for further policies to help women reconcile work with family life.
Prolonged grief and career adaptability of university students through meaning making and coping styles
Authors: Kim Jiwon
Published: September 2024

In this study, the relationship between prolonged grief and career adaptability was examined. Specifically, it was predicted that the relationship would be mediated by meaning making and coping styles. The total sample consisted of 120 university students who have experienced at least one death of significant others that happened more than 6 months ago. Results showed that the direct paths between prolonged grief and career adaptability were insignificant, but through meaning making’s mediation, the indirect paths were all significant. The findings indicate that prolonged grief can affect career development. Therefore, there is a need for counselors to promote meaning making and the use of problem-focused coping to support the career development of individuals with prolonged grief symptoms.