bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Perspectives in Personalization of Therapy for Hematological Cancers
Authors: Rogalińska Małgorzata
Published: May 2020

A progress in treatment of hematological cancers was achieved. Unfortunately, some youngsters, because of rare genetic alterations that are not easy to detect, as well as heavily pretreated old patients, because of coexisting diseases that lead to changes in patient metabolism, do not respond to therapy. Moreover, sometimes familiar diversities and alterations on genetic or epigenetic level that could be transferred on diversities in metabolism or cell signaling might be a reason why patients do not respond to therapy. Interestingly, for older patients a resistance to therapy could also occur as a reason of drug cross-reactivity. For designing of effective anticancer therapy for patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia before drug administration, patient’s leukemic cell response to anticancer drug(s) should be checked. Moreover, for patient response to treatment, also drugs prescribed previously by other medical doctors or even patients’ diet could be important for achieving therapeutic success of therapy. Therefore it is important to choose the effective drugs before their administration to patient that will improve treatment efficacy and exclude resistance to therapy. It must be stated that the special attention for personalized therapy tests should be focused on patients previously resistant to therapy, more sensitive to drugs or heavily pretreated.
Lifetime of Polyimide under Repetitive Impulse Voltages
Authors: Yang Yan , Wu Guangning
Published: May 2020

Polyimide (PI) is a commonly used insulating material to resist surface discharge, for instance, as turn-to-turn insulating material in inverter-fed motors driven by pulse width modulation (PWM) converters. Under the effect of repetitive impulse voltages, PI is expected to withstand surface partial discharge (PD) during service. However, lifetime under repetitive impulse voltages is much shorter than that under AC voltages due to storage effect of charges. Many approaches have been proposed to improve lifetime of polyimide under repetitive impulse voltages, such as using nanocomposites, surface modification, and structure design. In this chapter, we will discuss the lifetime of polyimide under repetitive impulse voltages and corresponding theoretical mechanism, together with modification approaches and their effects on lifetime improvement.
Targeting Tumor-Associated Macrophages by Plant Compounds
Authors: Grigore Alice
Published: May 2020

Macrophages play an important role in cancer development, as they represent almost half of the cells forming the tumor microenvironment. They are called tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and most of them are alternative activated macrophages (M2 polarized), promoting cancer progression, angiogenesis and local immunosuppression. Blocking the macrophages recruitment, preventing their activation or turning M2 cells toward M1 phenotype (classic activated macrophage promoting an efficient immune response) is a modern immunotherapeutic approach for fighting cancer. Several studies showed that plant compounds (phenolics, triterpenes, coumarins, etc.) exert antitumor properties, not only by a direct toxical effect to malignant cells but also by influencing macrophage phenotypic differentiation.
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) in Food, Water, and Drug Analyses: Recent Advances and Applications
Authors: El-Azazy Marwa
Published: May 2020

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a potent electrochemical technique with a variety of applications. EIS measurements involve the application of an alternating current (AC) voltage (or current) to the system under investigation, followed by measurement of the response in the form of AC current (or voltage) as a function of frequency. By and large, EIS is an exceptionally attractive in terms of applications. Being nondestructive with a feasibility of implementation to the system to be measured and the usefulness of data obtained in characterizing the studied systems, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy has realms of applications. As food and water safety and security is becoming a universal concern, the need for a technique that can detect water and food contaminants with relatively high sensitivity and selectivity is evolving. EIS has started to realize its potential with a wide-term use in water and food analyses.
Variability in the Laboratory Measurement of Cytokines
Authors: Knight Vijaya , Long Thomas , Meng Qing H. , Linden Michael A. , Rhoads Daniel D.
Published: May 2020

Context.—

The measurement of cytokines in clinical laboratories is becoming an increasingly routine part of immune monitoring when administering biologic and cell-based immunotherapies and also for clinical assessment of inflammatory conditions. While a number of commercial assays and platforms are available for cytokine measurement, there is currently little standardization among these analytical methods.

Objective.—

To characterize the variability and comparability among cytokine testing platforms that are commonly used in clinical laboratories.

Design.—

We analyzed data for 4 cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]) from 6 College of American Pathologists cytokine surveys administered from 2015 to 2018. Analyses interrogated variability between testing methods and variability within each laboratory across the mailings.

Results.—

Significant variability was noted across methods with analysis of IL-1 showing the least variability and IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α varying between methods to a greater extent. Intralab variability was also significant with TNF-α measurements again showing the greatest variability.

Conclusions.—

This retrospective analysis of College of American Pathologists proficiency testing data for cytokine measurement is the largest method comparison to date, and this study provides a description of the variation of cytokine measurement across methods, across laboratories, and within laboratories. Serial monitoring of cytokines should preferentially be performed by the same method within the same laboratory.
CLASSICAL BATIK TRADITION AND THE RIFA'IYAH WOMEN
Authors: Fadlia Adlien
Published: May 2020

This research is a qualitative research using the phenomenological method. The research sample is women – therefore called the Rifa’iyah women – who make batik in Rifa’iyah community in the district of Batang, Central Java. Data collection techniques are applied by conducting interviews and observation guidelines. Data analysis techniques are used by using descriptive analysis. Women in the Rifa’iyah community have a prominent role to play in the productivity of batik. The Rifa’iyah people place batik not only as an economic commodity but also as a place for women in the public sphere, no longer only in the domestic area. The Rifa’iyah batik is not as popular as Pekalongan batik. It is because of the distribution of the Rifai’yah batik is exclusively moving between the Rifai’yah people and the village of Kalipucang Wetan, Batang, Central Java. The tradition of making batik in the Rifa’iyah community is carried out by the Rifa’iyah women who are santriwati1 from the Rifa’iyah Islamic boarding school. Batik with a characteristic motif of the Rifa’iyah can be sustainable until now because of the role of women in regenerating batik skills. Based on the results of the study, the data show that the Rifa’iyah women have a critical role in the development and growth of the Rifa’iyah batik as a form of collective memory that handed down from generation to generation. Moreover, the Rifa’iyah women have the role and function of the development and growth of the Rifa’iyah batik. Therefore, it is recommended to the young generation of the Rifa’iyah to always preserve the Rifa’iyah batik so that it is increasingly known by the wider scope of society.
MODEL OF MURAL PAINTING IN THE INPATIENT ROOM OF FATMAWATI HOSPITAL
Authors: Wiratno Tri Aru
Published: May 2020

The research model of mural painting in the children's ward of Fatmawati Hospital is interesting not only as a beauty but also the beauty it gives to patients. The model of mural painting as a form of instrumenta art works that aims and serves as the beauty of a child's inpatient room to further provide calm, coolness and peace to the pediatric inpatients. By using Terry Barrett's interpretation research method, the interpretation research method must include the contextualization of substantial creative work. And the development model of Borg and Gall, Dick and Carey. As a method that is integrated as a representation of mural painting. Thus the study would like to see interpretations and models of mural paintings in inpatients at Fatmawati Hospital, as part of direct treatment that can alleviate and provide healing to patients indirectly. The model of mural painting in the children's ward of Fatmawati Hospital is part of the value of painting that has an influence on pediatric patients in the inpatient room. Conclusion The model of the value of mural painting as part of identity, sign and character as well as part of participation in involving the public in an awareness of the beauty of mural painting as a value of socio-cultural reality. The value model of mural painting is based on the ability of affective aspects, where the experience of taste and spirit becomes a strength in providing life force for children.
Microcognition
Authors: Clark Andy
Published: May 2020

Parallel distributed processing is transforming the field of cognitive science. Microcognition provides a clear, readable guide to this emerging paradigm from a cognitive philosopher's point of view. It explains and explores the biological basis of PDP, its psychological importance, and its philosophical relevance.

Bradford Books imprint
Past, Space, and Self
Authors: Campbell John , Block Ned , Putnam Hilary
Published: May 2020

Humans were thought to be unique among the species in having minds, but recent results showing the richness and diversity in animal psychology makes this view untenable. Yet there remains the question of whether we can map the features of a particularly human psychology that are responsible for its overall structure. In this book John Campbell shows that the general structural features of human thought can be seen as having their source in the distinctive ways in which we think about space and time. He describes the contrasts between animal representations of space and time and distinctively human ways of thinking about them. In particular, he shows what is special about the human ability of to think about the past.

Campbell looks at how self-consciousness exploits these particular abilities in thinking about space and the past. He discusses at length the relation between self-consciousness and the first person and how fundamental the first person is in ordinary thought. Campbell shows that the structured character of ordinary thinking can be explained by reference to the demands of first-person thinking and the way in which first-person thiinking exploits distinctively human respresentations of space and time. Finally, he considers the metaphysical implications of this approach, in particular, how ordinary self-consciousness relies on a realist view of the past.

Bradford Books imprint
The Revision Theory of Truth
Authors: Gupta Anil , Belnap Nuel
Published: May 2020

In this rigorous investigation into the logic of truth Anil Gupta and Nuel Belnap explain how the concept of truth works in both ordinary and pathological contexts. The latter include, for instance, contexts that generate Liar Paradox. Their central claim is that truth is a circular concept. In support of this claim they provide a widely applicable theory (the "revision theory") of circular concepts. Under the revision theory, when truth is seen as circular both its ordinary features and its pathological features fall into a simple understandable pattern.

The Revision Theory of Truth is unique in placing truth in the context of a general theory of definitions. This theory makes sense of arbitrary systems of mutually interdependent concepts, of which circular concepts, such as truth, are but a special case.

Bradford Books imprint
The Theory and Practice of Discourse Parsing and Summarization
Authors: Marcu Daniel
Published: May 2020

This book documents the first serious attempt to construct automatically and use nonsemantic computational structures for text summarization.

Until now, most discourse researchers have assumed that full semantic understanding is necessary to derive the discourse structure of texts. This book documents the first serious attempt to construct automatically and use nonsemantic computational structures for text summarization. Daniel Marcu develops a semantics-free theoretical framework that is both general enough to be applicable to naturally occurring texts and concise enough to facilitate an algorithmic approach to discourse analysis. He presents and evaluates two discourse parsing methods: one uses manually written rules that reflect common patterns of usage of cue phrases such as "however" and "in addition to"; the other uses rules that are learned automatically from a corpus of discourse structures. By means of a psycholinguistic experiment, Marcu demonstrates how a discourse-based summarizer identifies the most important parts of texts at levels of performance that are close to those of humans.

Marcu also discusses how the automatic derivation of discourse structures may be used to improve the performance of current natural language generation, machine translation, summarization, question answering, and information retrieval systems.

Bradford Books imprint
The Two Sides of Perception
Authors: Ivry Richard , Robertson Lynn C.
Published: May 2020

Anatomically, the central nervous system looks remarkably symmetrical—from the relatively simple structures of the spinal cord to the extensively convoluted folds of the cerebral hemispheres. At the functional level, however, there are striking differences between the left and right hemispheres. Although popular writings attribute language abilities to the left hemisphere and spatial abilities to the right, differences in hemispheric function appear to be more subtle. According to Ivry and Robertson, asymmetries over a wide range of perceptual tasks reflect a difference in strength rather than kind, with both hemispheres contributing to the performance of complex tasks, whether linguistic or spatial.

After an historical introduction, the authors offer a cognitive neuroscience perspective on hemispheric specialization in perception. They propose that the two hemispheres differ in how they filter task-relevant sensory information. Building on the idea that the hemispheres construct asymmetric representations, the hypothesis provides a novel account of many laterality effects. A notable feature of the authors' work is their attempt to incorporate hemispheric specialization in vision, audition, music, and language within a common framework. In support of their theory, they review studies involving both healthy and neurologically impaired individuals. They also provide a series of simulations to demonstrate the underlying computational principles of their theory. Their work thus describes both the cognitive and neurological architecture of hemispheric asymmetries in perception.

Bradford Books imprint
Inventory statistics meet big data: complications for estimating numbers of species
Authors: Khalighifar Ali , Jiménez Laura , Nuñez-Penichet Claudia , Freeman Benedictus , Ingenloff Kate , Jiménez-García Daniel , Peterson Town
Published: May 2020

We point out complications inherent in biodiversity inventory metrics when applied to large-scale datasets. The number of units of inventory effort (e.g., days of inventory effort) in which a species is detected saturates, such that crucial numbers of detections of rare species approach zero. Any rare errors can then come to dominate species richness estimates, creating upward biases in estimates of species numbers. We document the problem via simulations of sampling from virtual biotas, illustrate its potential using a large empirical dataset (bird records from Cape May, NJ, USA), and outline the circumstances under which these problems may be expected to emerge.
Thecodont tooth attachment and replacement in bolosaurid parareptiles
Authors: Snyder Adam J. , LeBlanc Aaron R.H. , Jun Chen , Bevitt Joseph J. , Reisz Robert R.
Published: May 2020

Permian bolosaurid parareptiles are well-known for having complex tooth crowns and complete tooth rows in the jaws, in contrast to the comparatively simple teeth and frequent replacement gaps in all other Paleozoic amniotes. Analysis of the specialized dentition of the bolosaurid parareptiles Bolosaurus from North America and Belebey from Russia, utilizing a combination of histological and tomographic data, reveals unusual patterns of tooth development and replacement. The data confirm that bolosaurid teeth have thecodont implantation with deep roots, the oldest known such example among amniotes, and independently evolved among much younger archosauromorphs (including dinosaurs and crocodilians) and among synapsids (including mammals). High-resolution CT scans were able to detect the density boundary between the alveolar bone and the jawbone, as confirmed by histology, and revealed the location and size of developing replacement teeth in the pulp cavity of functional teeth. Evidence provided by the paratype dentary of Belebey chengi indicates that replacement teeth are present along the whole tooth row at slightly different stages of development, with the ontogenetically more developed teeth anteriorly, suggesting that tooth replacement was highly synchronized. CT data also show tooth replacement is directly related to the presence of lingual pits in the jaw, and that migration of tooth buds occurs initially close to these resorption pits to a position immediately below the functional tooth within its pulp cavity. The size and complex shape of the replacement teeth in the holotype of Bolosaurus grandis indicate that the replacement teeth can develop within the pulp cavity to an advanced stage while the previous generation remains functional for an extended time, reminiscent of the condition seen in other amniotes with occluding dentitions, including mammals.
Comparison of Steroid Treatment with and without Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Yücel Abitter , Özbuğday Yaşar
Published: May 2020

Background and Objectives: In this study, we compared the outcomes of patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss who underwent steroid treatment with or without hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy and were followed-up in our clinic.Subjects and Methods: Patients were divided into two groups according to their treatment regimen. Steroid group received intravenous 1 mg/kg methylprednisolone which was due to be completed in 2-3 weeks with decreasing doses, and five doses of 0.5 mL intratympanic dexamethasone. Steroid+HBO group received the same steroid treatment with the addition of HBO therapy. The audiologic results of both treatment groups were compared after considering the patients’ risk factors.Results: There was no significant difference between the steroid and Steroid+HBO groups in terms of hearing gain and degree of recovery, both at all degrees of hearing loss, and in severe and profound hearing loss. Hearing gain was similar when evaluated by audiogram type and admission time in both treatment groups.Conclusions: We found that the addition of HBO therapy to systemic plus intratympanic steroid treatment did not affect hearing gain at all degrees of hearing loss in this study. Furthermore, audiogram type and admission time did not affect hearing gain between the two groups.
Use of Mobile Phones in Improving Livelihoods among Horticultural Farmers in Parts of Kaduna Northern Guinea Savannah Eco-zone: Empirical Study of Igabi Local Government Area of Kaduna State
Authors: Sodimu A. I.
Published: May 2020

The study examined the use of mobile phones in improving the livelihoods of rural horticultural crop farmers in Igabi Local Government Area of Kaduna State. Eighty (80) questionnaires were sampled among horticultural crop farmers who own and use mobile phones and seventy-six (76) questionnaires were retrieved. A multistage sampling technique was used in sampling the respondents. The data collected is analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The results showed that 46.05% are males and 53.95% are females, 26.32% were between 31-40 years, 55.26% were married and 52.63% had at least secondary education. Data further revealed that 52.63% have owned handsets for at least 4-6years and 56.58% obtained the sets from personal savings. Mobile phone usage improved the livelihood in reducing transport cost which was highlighted by 96.05% of the sampled farmers, reduced exploitation/low pricing by middlemen and improved income of producers (84.21%). It also enhanced interaction among rural horticultural crop farmers at different locations (92.11%). Poor network coverage (39.47%), poor power supply (19.74%) and theft/loss of handsets (10.53%) are the major constraints associated with mobile phone usage. The regression analysis showed significant relationship between age, household size, educational status and use of mobile phone (P<0.05) level of significance. Therefore, it is recommended that Federal Government should improve electricity supply to rural farm communities and provides economic incentives, such as tax deductions for imported equipment, for mobile service providers to expand their mobile service coverage in rural/horticultural production areas. Furthermore, the state and local government should improve rural electricity supply to enable rural horticultural crops farmers utilize the full potentials of mobile phones.
Conservation Challenges and Causes of Wildlife Habitat Change in Kafta Sheraro National Park, Northwestern Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Abrehe Selemawi , Gebrewahid Yikunoamlak , Gebreab Gebrehiwot
Published: May 2020

Aims: Assess the major conservation challenges and causes of wildlife habitat changes in Kafta Sheraro National Park.

Study Design: This study was investigated based on a questionnaire survey, focus group discussion, and field observation.

Place and Duration of Study: Kafta Sheraro National Park, Northwest Ethiopia (from October 2016 to March 2017).

Methodology: The collected data were analyzed using SPSS, descriptive statistics analysis such as Frequency, percentages, Chi-square (χ²) test and P- values were used. Eleven villages were selected based on proximity to the national park. A total of 460 household heads were interviewed.

Results: The result of the study indicated 385 (83.7%) of respondents were mixed farming, while 57 (12.6%) livestock rearing and 17 (3.7%) other business activities were engaged. Agricultural expansion 131 (28.5%), livestock grazing 113 (24.6%), deforestation 68 (14.8%), forest fire 57 (12.4%), illegal gold mining 26 (5.7%) and hunting 24 (5.2%) were the major problems of the park. Among the respondents, lack of community awareness 161 (35.0%), followed by lack of patrolling and monitoring 120(26.1%), lack of law enforcement, 95 (20.7%), issue of a boundary 30 (6.5%), and lack of security 13 (2.8%) were the main causes for properly wildlife conservation and management.

Conclusions: The human, livestock and wildlife interactions will continue to destroy the park. Unless urgent management action is taken to solve the problems through full participation from the local people. Therefore, stakeholders should work together and displace agricultural activities out of wildlife habitat through commitment and introduce community-based conservation approaches.
Glycemic and Non-Glycemic Effects of Teneligliptin
Authors: Pelluri Ranakishor , Srikanth Kongara , Chimakurthy Jithendra , Shaik Rasheed Ahemad , Lavanya R. , Rani N. Vanitha
Published: May 2020

The gut enzymes are released in response to intake of meal, those are GLP-I (glucagon link peptide-I) & GIP (glucose-dependent insulin tropic polypeptide) along with DPP-4(Dipeptidyl peptidase-4). GLP-I has vital role in control of glucose levels and it may also has capacity reduce body weight and it can manage some micro & macro-vascular complications. Unfortunately it has very shorter half-life 1-2 min, and eventually it was degraded by DPP-4 enzyme.  Therefore GLP-I has ineffective to perform its tasks. To overcome this incidence essential to inhibit DPP-4 enzyme is benefited in diabetics and in non diabetics suffering with micro, macro vascular complications. Ubiquitous Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) - 4 has pleiotropic effects because it is widely distributed other than intestine. DPP-4 enzyme inhibition has a promising effect on glycemic control. DPP-4 inhibition is also involved in the improvement of non-glycemic effects as directly or indirectly the DPP-4 enzyme is linked with some pathological conditions of particular organs, such as DPP-4 is linked with the intestinal secretion of triglycerides, and DPP-4 is expressed in the glomerulus in uncontrolled diabetics which in turn leads to nephritis. DPP-4 release strongly correlates with adipocyte size, potentially representing an important source of DPP-4 in obesity. DPP-4 inhibition produces an anti-inflammatory activity because the activity of DPP-4 results in reduced production of cytokines including interleukins and interferon-G. All these anti-inflammatory agents are inhibited by the DPP-4 enzyme which can lead to pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and provokes atherosclerosis & psoriasis. Serum sodium and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels are also regulated by inhibition of the DPP-4 enzyme and which can produce vascular protection & regulates blood pressure. Teneligliptin is a recently developed oral DPP-4 inhibitor indicated for the management of T2DM in adults along with diet and exercise. Teneligliptin is recently available in India and is also available in combination with other oral hypoglycemic agents at affordable prices. This review is aimed at exploring the status of teneligliptin with emphasis on its glycemic effects and non-glycemic clinical benefits associated with increasing GLP-1 & GIP.
Präparative darstellung von uridin‐diphospho‐glucose aus gewebe
Authors: Köhler Erika , Lippmann H.G.
Published: July 2002

A method for the preparation of UDP‐glucose from HClO4‐extract of diaphragm using paper‐chromatography is described. It allows the quantitative determination of UDP‐Glc by optical test and the measurement of its specific (14‐C) activity simultaneously.
The inhibition of trypsin, plasmin, and thrombin by benzyl 4‐guanidinobenzoate and 4′‐nitrobenzyl 4‐guanidinobenzoate
Authors: Markwardt F. , Richter M. , Walsmann P. , Landmann H.
Published: July 2002

The inhibition of the enzymes trypsin, plasmin, and thrombin by benzyl 4‐guanidinobenzoate and 4′‐nitrobenzyl 4‐guanidinobenzoate is caused by acylation of the active site. Second order rate constants were determined.
Über die lokalisation eines energieunabhängigen K+‐H+‐austausches in der aussenmembran von rattenlebermitochondrien
Authors: Lutze G. , Liese W. , Kunz W.
Published: July 2002

The energy‐independent K+‐H+‐exchange was measured in intact mitochondria and submitochondrial particles at different K+‐concentration of the incubation medium. Correlation was found between H+‐displacement and specific activity of monoamine oxidase. It is concluded, that the energy‐independent K+‐H+‐exchange is localized in the outer membrane of mitochondria.
Composition des lipopolysaccharides de la souche sauvage P678 et de la souche mutante PM61 de Escherichia coli K12
Authors: Blache Denis , Bruneteau Maud , Michel Georges
Published: July 2002

The composition of the lipopolysaccharides from E. coli K12 P678 and from a mutant strain PM61 was investigated. No difference was found between the lipopolysaccharides of both strains. These bacteria belong to the CR34 serologic type in the group of E. coli K12.
Structure at restriction endonuclease MboI cleavage sites protected by actinomycin D or distamycin A
Authors: Nilsson Maj-Greth , Skarped Catharina , Magnusson Göran
Published: July 2002

Restriction endonuclease MboI cleavage of DNA was inhibited by actinomycin D and distamycin A. The two inhibitors protected different subsets of the 8 cleavage sites in polyoma DNA. The cleavage reactions were analyzed both in the presence of minimal inhibitory concentrations of the compounds and at higher concentrations, allowing cleavage at only 1 site/DNA molecule. The experiments showed that cleavage sites most efficiently protected by actinomycin D had putative inhibitor binding sites at a distance of 1–2 base pairs from the MboI recognition sequence. Distamycin A, in contrast, apparently has to bind immediately adjacent to the MboI recognition sequence to protect from cleavage.
Laser Raman studies of the 5 S rRNA‐protein L5 complex of rat liver ribosomes
Authors: Fabian Heinz , Böhm Siegfried , Carius Wolfgang , Misselwitz Rolf , Welfle Heinz
Published: July 2002

The effects of ribosomal protein L5 on the conformation of 5 S rRNA in the 5 S rRNA—protein L5 complex extracted from rat liver ribosomes have been studied by laser Raman spectroscopy. A comparison of the spectra shows small protein‐induced conformational changes in the 5 S rRNA, but most of the base‐paired regions appear to be present in the complex with protein L5 as well as in the free 5 S rRNA. Furthermore specific interactions between 5 S rRNA and protein L5 are indicated. Cytosine (and/or uracil) residues in single‐stranded regions and the N(7) of guanine are engaged in interactions with the protein as suggested by the Raman data.
Folding and unfolding of the core particle DNA are processes faster than millisecond
Authors: Erard M. , Burggraf E. , Pouyet J.
Published: July 2002

Core particle DNA unfolding and refolding are followed by stopped‐flow circular dichroism technique. When core particles are dissociated in the stopped‐flow cuvette, the high CD deviation corresponding to the dissociated state is reached in the first millisecond, which means that the dissociation process is completed within the dead time of the apparatus which is ∼1 ms. The same conclusion can be drawn when core particles are reassociated, since the low CD value, typical of the associated state, is immediately reached. Similarly histone release from chromatin is a very fast process. We also include some points of discussion about core particle assembly process.
Identification of the 3′ ‐ and 5′ ‐ends of beet necrotic yellow vein virus RNAs
Authors: Putz C. , Pinck M. , Fritsch C. , Pinck L.
Published: July 2002

Beet necrotic yellow vein virus RNAs are characterized by a 5′ ‐end cap structure and polyadenylated 3′ ‐ends. The presence of a poly(A) sequence with major lengths ranging from 65–140 nucleotides could be demonstrated by homochromatography and sequencing methods. Beet necrotic yellow vein virus RNAs could be 5′ ‐end labelled with kinase only after enzymatic or chemical cap elimination followed by dephosphorylation. The 5′ ‐end structure is found to be of cap O type: m7GpppNp.
Role of phospholipid in the low affinity reactions between cytochrome c and cytochrome oxidase
Authors: Speck S.H. , Neu C.A. , Swanson M.S. , Margoliash E.
Published: July 2002

The steady‐state oxidation of ferrocytochrome c by cytochrome oxidase monitored spectrophotometrically showed that: (1) the kinetics were strictly biphasic with purified enzyme, while mitochondrial membrane‐bound enzyme exhibited multiphasic kinetics with extended low affinity phases; (2) the TN
max for the highest affinity phase was as slow as 5–10 electron · s−1 for both preparations, while for the low affinity phases it was about 45 electron · s−1 for the purified enzyme and 150 electron · s−1 for the mitochondrial membrane‐bound enzyme; (3) reconstitution of purified enzyme into acidic phospholipid vesicles partially repleted the extended low affinity phases, while reconstitution into uncharged vesicles had no effect.
Differences in metabolite levels upon differentiation of intact neuroblastoma × glioma cells observed by proton NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Navon Gil , Burrows Howard , Cohen Jack S.
Published: July 2002

Proton NMR spectroscopy was used to study the effect of differentiation with prostaglandin E1 and theophylline on intact hybrid neuroblastoma × glioma cells. The standard proton NMR method showed more resolvable signals than the spin echo NMR spectra. The differentiated cells were found to contain significantly higher levels of glutamine than the undifferentiated precursors. Observations on cell extracts confirmed these results.
Guanine nucleotides can activate the insulin‐stimulated phosphodiesterase in liver plasma membranes
Authors: Heyworth Clare M. , Rawal Sushil , Houslay Miles D.
Published: July 2002

The insulin‐stimulated cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase from liver plasma membranes is shown to be activated upon incubation with guanine nucleotides in the presence of ATP. The non‐hydrolysable analogue of ATP, adenylyl imidodiphosphate failed to substitute for ATP in achieving activation. GTP, its non‐hydrolysable analogues p[NH]ppG and GTP‐γ‐S, as well as GDP, all elicited activation. It is suggested that guanine nucleotides, and probably insulin, exert their effect on this enzyme through a distinct species of guanine nucleotide regulatory protein.
Temperature‐dependent regulation of d‐cis‐[3H]diltiazem binding to Ca2+ channels by 1,4‐dihydropyridine channel agonists and antagonists
Authors: Glossmann H. , Linn T. , Rombusch M. , Ferry D.R.
Published: July 2002

The binding of the Ca2+‐channel blocker d‐cis‐[3H]diltiazem to guinea pig skeletal muscle microsomes is temperature‐dependent. At 2°C the K
D is 39 nM and B
max is 11 pmol/mg protein. The binding is fully reversible (K
−1 = 0.02 min−1). The binding sites discriminate between the diastereoisomers 1‐ and d‐cis‐diltiazem, recognize verapamil, gallopamil and tiapamil, and are sensitive to La3+‐inhibition. At 30°C the K
D is 37 nM and the B
max is 2.9 pmol/mg protein. D‐cis‐diltiazem‐labelling is regulated by the 1,4‐dihydropyridine Ca2+‐channel blockers and a novel Ca2+‐channel activator in a temperature‐dependent manner. At 30°C an enhancement of d‐cis‐diltiazem binding by the channel blockers is observed. This is attributed to a B
max increase. EC
50‐values for enhancement and the maximal enhancement differ for the individual 1,4‐dihydropyridines. At 2°C 1,4‐dihydropyridines inhibit d‐cis‐[3H]diltiazem binding. This is attributed to a B
max decrease. We have directly labelled one of the drug receptor sites within the Ca2+‐channel which can allosterically interact with the 1,4‐dihydropyridine binding sites.
Complete nucleotide sequence of mouse 18 S rRNA gene: comparison with other available homologs
Authors: Raynal Françoise , Michot Bernard , Bachellerie Jean-Pierre
Published: July 2002

We present the complete sequence of mouse 18 S rRNA. As indicated by comparison with yeast, Xenopus and rat, the conservation of eukaryotic 18 S rRNA sequences is extensive. However, this conservation is far from being uniform along the molecule: most of the base changes and the size differences between species are concentrated at specific locations. Two distinct classes of divergent traces can be detected which differ markedly in their rates of nucleotide substitution during evolution, and should prove valuable in additional comparative analyses, both for eukaryotic taxonomy and for rRNA higher order organization. Mouse and rat 18 S rRNA sequences differ by only 14 point changes over the 1869 nucleotides of the molecule.
New potent inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme
Authors: Attwood Michael R. , Francis R.John , Hassall Cedric H. , Kröhn Antonin , Lawton Geoffrey , Natoff Ian L. , Nixon John S. , Redshaw Sally , Thomas W.Anthony
Published: July 2002

Using an earlier model of the favoured orientation of binding functions of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, it has been possible to postulate a new, 7,6‐bicyclic system, based on hexahydropyridazine, which might be expected to have high potency. Some members of this system which have been synthesised have been shown to be very active ACE inhibitors, in vitro and in vivo.
The corrected nucleotide sequences of 5 S RNAs from six angiosperms
Authors: Vandenberghe Antoon , Chen Min-Wei , Dams Erna , de Baere Raymond , de Roeck Els , Huysmans Erik , de Wachter Rupert
Published: July 2002

The corrected nucleotide sequences of the cytoplasmic 5 S ribosomal RNAs of 6 angiosperms are reported. The previously reported sequences, reconstructed from oligonucleotide catalogs, had been suspected for some time to contain errors. The corrected sequences fit in a universal 5‐helix model for 5 S RNA secondary structure. The model involves the existence of a dynamic equilibrium between slightly different base‐pairing schemes in two areas of the structure. Reconstruction of a phylogenetic tree from over 200 known 5 S RNA sequences yields a general picture of biological evolution. It confirms the tripartite descent of living species — eubacteria, archaebacteria, eukaryotes — and the endosymbiotic origin of plant mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Laminin interacts with plasminogen and its tissue‐type activator
Authors: Salonen Eeva-Marjatta , Zitting Antti , Vaheri Antti
Published: July 2002

Laminin
Plasminogen
Plasminogen activator
Proteolysis
Measurement of endogenous Na+,K+‐ATPase inhibitors in human plasma and urine using high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Crabos M. , Wainer I.W. , Cloix J.F.
Published: July 2002

This study was undertaken to assess endogenous Na+,K+‐ATPase inhibitors in both plasma and urine in the same subjects. Samples were chromatographed on reverse‐phase HPLC using an acetonitrile gradient and the eluent screened using Na+,K+‐ATPase inhibition and cross‐reaction with anti‐digoxin antibodies. The donors were divided into inhibiting and non‐inhibiting subjects using a previously described method, plasma action on ouabain binding and on Na+,K+‐ATPase activity. Three Na+,K+‐ATPase inhibitors (IP, 2P and 3P) were detectable in plasma; the antibodies cross‐reaction of the peaks 2P and 3P were larger than that of peak IP. The peaks 2P and 3P were significantly higher in inhibiting subjects as compared to non‐inhibiting subjects. The 24‐h urine is resolved into two peaks inhibiting Na+,K+‐ATPase activity (1U and 2U). Peak 2U cross‐reacted with anti‐digoxin antibodies to a greater extent than peak 1U and is significantly larger in inhibiting subjects in terms of Na+,K+‐ATPase inhibition. These data support the heterogeneity of human Na+,K+‐ATPase inhibitor in both plasma and urine.
Dictyostelium discoideum cell membranes contain masked chemotactic receptors for cyclic AMP
Authors: Janssens P.M.W. , van Driel R.
Published: July 2002

Aggregating Dictyostelium discoideum cells possess highly specific receptors for the chemoattractant cAMP on their cell surface. Isolated membranes as well as intact cells are shown to contain a large number of latent cAMP receptors. These are reversibly unmasked in the presence of a high salt concentration (0.1–2 M) or in the presence of millimolar concentrations of Ca2+.
The secondary and tertiary structure of the 5 S rRNA from the horsetail Equisetum arvense
Authors: Digweed Martin , Ulbrich Norbert , Erdmann Volker A.
Published: July 2002

The secondary and tertiary structures of the 5 S rRNA from Equisetum arvense were examined using double‐strand and single‐strand specific nucleases, the bisulphite mediated deamination of unpaired cytidines and the ethylnitrosourea modification of accessible phosphodiesters. The results are evaluated in terms of the consensus eukaryotic 5 S rRNA structure, the occurrence of ‘looped‐out’ nucleotides, structure of loops and a putative tertiary structure.
Activation of phospholipase C in thrombin‐stimulated platelets does not depend on cytoplasmic free calcium concentration
Authors: Simon Marie-Françoise , Chap Hugues , Douste-Blazy Louis
Published: July 2002

Human platelets loaded with the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator quin2 and with different radioactive compounds including [3H]serotonin, [14C]arachidonic acid (AA) and [32P]orthophosphate were stimulated by thrombin under conditions producing secretion. In the absence of external Ca2+ (Ca2+
e), cytoplasmic free [Ca2+], [Ca2+]i, increased to 340 nM, against 1685 nM at 1 mM [Ca2+]e. In both cases, diglyceride and phosphatidic acid production proceeded at the same rate, whereas AA release was inhibited at low [Ca2+]i. It is concluded that, at variance with phospholipase A2, phospholipase C activation does not depend on [Ca2+]i. These results give further support to the hypothesis of a Ca2+‐independent pathway of cell activation involving phospholipase C and protein kinase C.
Protein kinase C interferes with Ni‐mediated inhibition of human platelet adenylate cyclase
Authors: Watanabe Yasuhiro , Horn Friedemann , Bauer Silvia , Jakobs Karl H.
Published: July 2002

Addition of phorbol ester‐activated, partially purified protein kinase C to membranes of human platelets had no effect on forskolin stimulation of the adenylate cyclase and increased stimulation by prostaglandin E1 only at high GTP concentrations by preventing inhibition by GTP. Hormonal inhibition of the platelet adenylate cyclase by epinephrine was eliminated or largely impaired. At low GTP concentrations, epinephrine even caused a small increase in cyclase activity. The data suggest that activated protein kinase C interferes with GTP‐ and hormone‐induced adenylate cyclase inhibition probably by phosphorylating the inhibitory guanine nucleotide‐binding regulatory component Ni.
Partial uncoupling, or inhibition of electron transport rate, have equivalent effects on the relationship between the rate of ATP synthesis and proton‐motive force in submitochondrial particles
Authors: Sorgato M.Catia , Lippe Giovanna , Seren Serena , Ferguson Stuart J.
Published: July 2002

The rates of electron transport and of ATP synthesis have been measured in bovine heart Mg‐ATP submito‐chondrial particles oxidising succinate under conditions of partial attenuation of the proton‐motive force by malonate or FCCP. This paper reports evidence that the relationship between the rate of ATP synthesis and the magnitude of the proton motive force is independent of the mode by which the decrease of the proton motive force is achieved.
Stimulation by somatostatin of dephosphorylation of membrane proteins in pancreatic cancer MIA PaCa‐2 cell line
Authors: Hierowski Marion T. , Liebow Charles , du Sapin Karen , Schally Andrew V.
Published: July 2002

A membrane receptor and a cytosolic receptor for somatostatin were found in a human undifferentiated pancreatic cancer cell line (MIA PaCa‐2). Binding of somatostatin to this membrane receptor activates dephosphorylation of a phosphotyrosyl‐membrane protein whose phosphorylation was promoted by epidermal growth factor (EGF). Vanadate, a purported inhibitor of dephosphorylation, interferes with the action of somatostatin. These findings suggest a possible biochemical mechanism by which somatostatin may inhibit the growth of human pancreatic cancers.
Evidence for the presence of large amounts of cathepsin E in rat spleen
Authors: Puizdar V. , Lapresle C. , Turk V.
Published: July 2002

Although cathepsin E is present in trace amounts in spleen from several species, it was found in large amounts in rat spleen. This observation can be correlated with the fact that spleen in the rat is an important organ in haemopoeisis.
The increase of cGMP by atrial natriuretic factor correlates with the distribution of particulate guanylate cyclase
Authors: Tremblay Johanne , Gerzer Rupert , Vinay Patrick , Pang Stephen C. , Béliveau Richard , Hamet Pavel
Published: July 2002

We have demonstrated previously that atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) augments urinary, plasma and kidney cGMP levels but has no significant effect upon cAMP. Using cGMP as a marker, we searched for specific target sites involved in the action of ANF in the dog kidney, and observed no changeof cGMP in the proximal tubules, a 2‐fold increase over basal levels in the thick loop of Henle and a 3‐fold elevation in the collecting duct. The most striking action on cGMP occurred in the glomeruli with a rise of up to 50‐fold being evident at 1–2 min. after the addition of ANF. The results obtained in the absence or presence of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor support the notion that the effects of ANF were exerted at the level of guanylate cyclase stimulation rather than cGMP phosphodiesterase inhibition. The action of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a direct stimulator of soluble guanylate cyclase, differed from that of ANF. The ability of the factor to enhance cGMP levels was correlated with the distribution of particulate guanylate cyclase. This study identifies the glomeruli and the distal part of the nephron as specific targets of ANF and implicates particulate guanylate cyclase as the enzyme targetted for the expression of its action.
Reactions of the semiquinone free radicals of anti‐tumour agents with oxygen and iron complexes
Authors: Butler J. , Hoey B.M. , Swallow A.J.
Published: July 2002

Antitumor drug
Mitomycin C
Adriamycin
Oxygen
Iron complex
Pulse radiolysis
Transport of AMSA drugs into cells
Authors: Darkin Sandra , Ralph Raymond K.
Published: July 2002

mAMSA
oAMSA
Transport
PY815 cell
Search for tRNA‐like properties in tomato aspermy virus RNA
Authors: Joshi Rajiv L. , Haenni Anne-Lise
Published: July 2002

The 3'‐terminal sequence of tomato aspermy virus (TAV, a cucumovirus) RNA can be arranged in an 'L'shaped conformation similar to that of the 3'‐tRNA‐like regions of the tyrosine‐accepting bromo‐, cucumoand hordeivirus RNAs examined to date. We report here that TAV RNA is recognized by the tRNA nucleotidyltransferase and can be adenylated nearly as efficiently as brome mosaic virus (BMV, a bromovirus) RNA. However, using tyrosyl‐tRNA synthetase from rat liver or from yeast, TAV RNA cannot be tyrosylated under conditions that allow aminoacylation of BMV RNA. Structural features in the 3'‐region could be responsible for the recognitory discrimination between the BMV and TAV RNAs by these eukaryotic tyrosyl‐tRNA synthetases.
Purified calcium channels have three allosterically coupled drug receptors
Authors: Striessnig J. , Goll A. , Moosburger K. , Glossmann H.
Published: July 2002

(−)‐[3H]Desmethoxyverapamil and (+)‐[3P]PN 200‐110 were employed to characterize phenylalkylamineselective and 1,4‐dihydropyridine‐selective receptors on purified Ca2+ channels from guinea‐pig skeletal muscle t‐tubules. In contrast to the membrane‐bound Ca2+ channel, d‐cis‐diltiazem (EC50 = 4.5 ± 1.7 μM) markedly stimulated the binding of (+)‐[3H]PN 200‐110 to the purified ionic pore. In the presence of 100 μM d‐cis‐diltiazem (which binds to the benzothiazepine‐selective receptors) the B
max for (+)‐[3H]PN 200‐110 increased from 497 ± 81 to 1557 ± 43 pmol per mg protein, whereas the K
d decreased from 8.8 ± 1.7 to 4.7 ± 1.8 nM at 25°C. P‐cis‐Diltiazem was inactive. (−)‐Desmethoxyverapamil, which is a negative heterotropic allosteric inhibitor of (+)‐[3H]IN 200‐110 binding to membrane‐bound channels, stimulated 1,4‐dihydropyridine binding to the isolated channel. (−)‐[3H]Desmethoxyverapamil binding was stimulated by antagonistic 1,4‐dihydropyridines [(+)‐PN 200‐110 ⪢(−)(CR)‐202‐791 ⪢(+)(4R)‐Bay K 8644] whereas the agonistic enantiomers (+)(S)‐202‐791 and (−)(4S)‐Bay K 8644 were inhibitory and (−)‐PN 200‐110 was inactive. The results indicate that three distinct drug‐receptor sites exist on the purified Ca2+ channel, two of which are shown by direct labelling to be reciprocally allosterically coupled.