bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anticancer Activity of Smallanthus sonchifolius Methanol Extract against Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Myint Phyu Phyu , Dao Thien T. P. , Kim Yeong Shik
Published: August 2019

Background: This research aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of methanol extract of Smallanthus sonchifolius leaf (YLE) against a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2). This plant is currently used as a traditional herbal remedy in the treatment of liver diseases in some rural parts of Myanmar. Methods: The cytotoxic activity of the plant extract against the cancerous cell line was assessed using an MTT assay. YLE demonstrated a significant effect (IC50 = 58.2 ± 1.9 μg/mL) on anti-cancer activity, which was further investigated using various assays including an in vitro cell migration assay, a colony formation assay, cell cycle analysis, western blot analysis, and a ROS assay. The significance of the phytochemical constituents of YLE could be identified using LC/Q-TOF-MS techniques. Results: We putatively identified the active components in YLE, which were possibly melampolide-type sesquiterpenoids. YLE showed an inhibitory effect on HepG2 cell proliferation and cell migration. YLE also induced cell cycle arrest and necrosis in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, YLE significantly suppressed ROS formation in HepG2 cells. Conclusions: These findings suggest that YLE is sufficient for application as a promising anti-liver drug in herbal medicine.
Investigation on the Preparation and Properties of CMC/magadiite Nacre-Like Nanocomposite Films
Authors: Ge Mingliang , Li Yueying , Yang Yinye , Wang Yanwu , Liang Guodong , Hu Guoqing , S.M. Jahangir Alam
Published: August 2019

The layered hydrated sodium salt-magadiite (MAG), which has special interpenetrating petals structure, was used as a functional filler to slowly self-assemble with sodium carboxy-methylcellulose (CMC), in order to prepare nacre-like nanocomposite film by solvent evaporation method. The structure of prepared nacre-like nanocomposite film was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis; whereas, it was indicated that CMC macromolecules were inserted between the layers of MAG to increase the layer spacing of MAG by forming an interpenetrating petals structure; in the meantime, the addition of MAG improved the thermal stability of CMC. The tensile strength of CMC/MAG was significantly improved compared with pure CMC. The tensile strength of CMC/MAG reached the maximum value at 1.71 MPa when the MAG content was 20%, to maintaining high transparency. Due to the high content of inorganic filler, the flame retarding performance and the thermal stability were also brilliant; hence, the great biocompatibility and excellent mechanical properties of the bionic nanocomposite films with the unique interpenetrating petals structure provided a great probability for these original composites to be widely applied in material research, such as tissue engineering in biomedical research.
Electromagnetic Hysteresis Based Dynamics Model of an Electromagnetically Controlled Torque Coupling
Authors: Feng Jianbo , Chen Sizhong , Qi Zhiquan , Zhong Jiaming , Liu Zheng
Published: August 2019

This paper proposes a novel computationally efficient, easy-to-implement electromagnetic hysteresis based dynamics model of a kind of intelligent electromagnetic torque controlled coupling (EMTC), which, with drag torque under consideration, first models the electromagnetic hysteresis existing in the primary clutch with the classical Preisach model, and then models the transferred torques in the three friction elements of the center coupling in the slipping and locked modes, respectively. The performance of the model is verified by simulation and experiment jointly, which lays the basis for the development of advanced control algorithm.
What is Normalization? The Strategies Employed in Top-Down and Bottom-Up Proteome Analysis Workflows
Authors: O’Rourke Matthew B. , Town Stephanie E. L. , Dalla Penelope V. , Bicknell Fiona , Koh Belic Naomi , Violi Jake P. , Steele Joel R. , Padula Matthew P.
Published: August 2019

The accurate quantification of changes in the abundance of proteins is one of the main applications of proteomics. The maintenance of accuracy can be affected by bias and error that can occur at many points in the experimental process, and normalization strategies are crucial to attempt to overcome this bias and return the sample to its regular biological condition, or normal state. Much work has been published on performing normalization on data post-acquisition with many algorithms and statistical processes available. However, there are many other sources of bias that can occur during experimental design and sample handling that are currently unaddressed. This article aims to cast light on the potential sources of bias and where normalization could be applied to return the sample to its normal state. Throughout we suggest solutions where possible but, in some cases, solutions are not available. Thus, we see this article as a starting point for discussion of the definition of and the issues surrounding the concept of normalization as it applies to the proteomic analysis of biological samples. Specifically, we discuss a wide range of different normalization techniques that can occur at each stage of the sample preparation and analysis process.
The Sacrament of Revelation: Toward a Hermeneutics of Nuptial Encounter
Authors: White Lauren Smelser
Published: August 2019

This article addresses the notion of sacramentality in relation to revelation, framing revelation as a divine-human discursive encounter facilitated through semantic media. In doing so, it suggests disciplines for theological reflection that would preserve the import of human submission to the Holy Spirit’s guidance in interpreting God’s Word while also envisioning a positive place for subjective construction along that Spirit-led way. The article locates the basic tenets of such a methodological paradigm in the works of Sarah Coakley, Louis-Marie Chauvet, and Rowan Williams. Coakley’s work provides the groundwork for a vision of ecstatic encounter with God as integral to the Spirit-led process of revelation. Next, engagement with Chauvet establishes how mediated revelation may be conceived as a sacramental and dialogical reality, which fundamentally evokes and includes human self-expression. The article closes by drawing upon Williams’ theological reflection on sexuality as a resource for embracing subjective construction, as integral to our Spirit-guided, “nuptial” incorporation into the life of Christ. The results afforded by this analysis warrant spiritual-hermeneutic commitments from communities who desire to cooperate with the Holy Spirit in acts of theological interpretation.
A Social Analysis of the Olive Oil Sector: The Role of Family Business
Authors: D’Adamo Idiano , Falcone Pasquale Marcello , Gastaldi Massimo , Morone Piergiuseppe
Published: August 2019

Extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) is one of the most popular products in Mediterranean diet. Spain produces about 52% of olive oil with the presence of larger firms; Italy follows with a share of 9% and a production structure characterized instead by small family businesses. A social analysis, based on a multiple-questionnaire, has analyzed the perspectives of 500 consumers conferring their olives to a family-owned olive oil mills (OOMs). This work aims to assess the role of family business evaluating the opportunities associated with the development of circular economy (CE) models. Results show that Italian consumers’ preferences give attention to the use of natural resource and the olive oil is perceived as a natural product. In addition, family owned-OOMs provide a great sense of trust and the relevant role of family within the entire life cycle of olive oil is demonstrated. OOMs that work for residential market are strongly preferred to industrial ones being able to manage single lots of olives belonging to the same customers’ land. The recovery of some by-products represents an opportunity for OOMs and policy support is required to favor the needed generational change, whose absence is perceived as a serious obstacle to the future development of the sector along circularity principles.
Development of Enhanced Vortex-Scale Atmospheric Motion Vectors for Hurricane Applications
Authors: Stettner David , Velden Christopher , Rabin Robert , Wanzong Steve , Daniels Jaime , Bresky Wayne
Published: August 2019

Atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs) derived from geostationary meteorological satellites have long stood as an important observational contributor to analyses of global-scale tropospheric wind patterns. This paradigm is evolving as numerical weather prediction (NWP) models and associated data assimilation systems are at the point of trying to better resolve finer scales. Understanding the physical processes that govern convectively-driven weather systems is usually hindered by a lack of observations on the scales necessary to adequately describe these events. Fortunately, satellite sensors and associated scanning strategies have improved and are now able to resolve convective-scale flow fields. Coupled with the increased availability of computing capacity and more sophisticated algorithms to track cloud motions, we are now poised to investigate the development and application of AMVs to convective-scale weather events. Our study explores this frontier using new-generation GOES-R Series imagery with a focus on hurricane applications. A proposed procedure for processing enhanced AMV datasets derived from multispectral geostationary satellite imagery for hurricane-scale analyses is described. We focus on the use of the recently available GOES-16 mesoscale domain sector rapid-scan (1-min) imagery, and emerging methods to optimally extract wind estimates (atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs)) from close-in-time sequences. It is shown that AMV datasets can be generated on spatiotemporal scales not only useful for global applications, but for mesoscale applications such as hurricanes as well.
Spectral-Spatial Hyperspectral Image Classification with Superpixel Pattern and Extreme Learning Machine
Authors: Zhang Yongshan , Jiang Xinwei , Wang Xinxin , Cai Zhihua
Published: August 2019

Spectral-spatial classification of hyperspectral images (HSIs) has recently attracted great attention in the research domain of remote sensing. It is well-known that, in remote sensing applications, spectral features are the fundamental information and spatial patterns provide the complementary information. With both spectral features and spatial patterns, hyperspectral image (HSI) applications can be fully explored and the classification performance can be greatly improved. In reality, spatial patterns can be extracted to represent a line, a clustering of points or image texture, which denote the local or global spatial characteristic of HSIs. In this paper, we propose a spectral-spatial HSI classification model based on superpixel pattern (SP) and kernel based extreme learning machine (KELM), called SP-KELM, to identify the land covers of pixels in HSIs. In the proposed SP-KELM model, superpixel pattern features are extracted by an advanced principal component analysis (PCA), which is based on superpixel segmentation in HSIs and used to denote spatial information. The KELM method is then employed to be a classifier in the proposed spectral-spatial model with both the original spectral features and the extracted spatial pattern features. Experimental results on three publicly available HSI datasets verify the effectiveness of the proposed SP-KELM model, with the performance improvement of 10% over the spectral approaches.
Remote Sensing for the Quantification of Land Surface Dynamics in Large River Delta Regions—A Review
Authors: Kuenzer Claudia , Heimhuber Valentin , Huth Juliane , Dech Stefan
Published: August 2019

River deltas and estuaries belong to the most significant coastal landforms on our planet and are usually very densely populated. Nearly 600 million people live in river deltas, benefiting from the large variety of locational advantages and rich resources. Deltas are highly dynamic and vulnerable environments that are exposed to a wide range of natural and man-made threats. Sustainable management of river deltas therefore requires a holistic assessment of historic and recent ongoing changes and the dynamics in settlement sprawl, land cover and land use change, ecosystem development, as well as river and coastline geomorphology, all of which is difficult to achieve solely with traditional land-based surveying techniques. This review paper presents the potential of Earth Observation for analyses and quantification of land surface dynamics in the large river deltas globally, emphasizing the different geo-information products that can be derived from medium resolution, high resolution and highest resolution optical, multispectral, thermal and SAR data. Over 200 journal papers on remote sensing related studies for large river deltas and estuaries have been analyzed and categorized into thematic fields such as river course morphology, coastline changes, erosion and accretion processes, flood and inundation dynamics, regional land cover and land use dynamics, as well as the monitoring of compliance with respect to anthropogenic activity such as industry expansion-related habitat destruction. Additionally, our own exemplary analyses are interwoven into the review to visualize related delta work.
Erratum: Yoshimi, Y., et al. Size of Heparin-Imprinted Nanoparticles Reflects the Matched Interactions with the Target Molecule. Sensors 2019, 19, 2415
Authors: Yoshimi Yasuo , Oino Daichi , Ohira Hirofumi , Muguruma Hitoshi , Moczko Ewa , Piletsky Sergey A.
Published: August 2019

The authors wish to make the following erratum to this paper [...]
Aggregated Throughput Prediction for Collated Massive Machine-Type Communications in 5G Wireless Networks
Authors: Adel Aly Ahmed , M. ELAttar Hussein , ElBadawy Hesham , Abbas Wael
Published: August 2019

The demand for extensive data rates in dense-traffic wireless networks has expanded and needs proper controlling schemes. The fifth generation of mobile communications (5G) will accommodate these massive communications, such as massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC), which is considered to be one of its top services. To achieve optimal throughput, which is considered a mandatory quality of service (QoS) metric, the carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) transmission attempt rate needs optimization. As the gradient descent algorithms consume a long time to converge, an approximation technique that distributes a dense global network into local neighborhoods that are less complex than the global ones is presented in this paper. Newton’s method of optimization was used to achieve fast convergence rates, thus, obtaining optimal throughput. The convergence rate depended only on the size of the local networks instead of global dense ones. Additionally, polynomial interpolation was used to estimate the average throughput of the network as a function of the number of nodes and target service rates. Three-dimensional planes of the average throughput were presented to give a profound description to network’s performance. The fast convergence time of the proposed model and its lower complexity are more practical than the previous gradient descent algorithm.
Investigating 2-D and 3-D Proximal Remote Sensing Techniques for Vineyard Yield Estimation
Authors: Hacking Chris , Poona Nitesh , Manzan Nicola , Poblete-Echeverría Carlos
Published: August 2019

Vineyard yield estimation provides the winegrower with insightful information regarding the expected yield, facilitating managerial decisions to achieve maximum quantity and quality and assisting the winery with logistics. The use of proximal remote sensing technology and techniques for yield estimation has produced limited success within viticulture. In this study, 2-D RGB and 3-D RGB-D (Kinect sensor) imagery were investigated for yield estimation in a vertical shoot positioned (VSP) vineyard. Three experiments were implemented, including two measurement levels and two canopy treatments. The RGB imagery (bunch- and plant-level) underwent image segmentation before the fruit area was estimated using a calibrated pixel area. RGB-D imagery captured at bunch-level (mesh) and plant-level (point cloud) was reconstructed for fruit volume estimation. The RGB and RGB-D measurements utilised cross-validation to determine fruit mass, which was subsequently used for yield estimation. Experiment one’s (laboratory conditions) bunch-level results achieved a high yield estimation agreement with RGB-D imagery (r2 = 0.950), which outperformed RGB imagery (r2 = 0.889). Both RGB and RGB-D performed similarly in experiment two (bunch-level), while RGB outperformed RGB-D in experiment three (plant-level). The RGB-D sensor (Kinect) is suited to ideal laboratory conditions, while the robust RGB methodology is suitable for both laboratory and in-situ yield estimation.
Quantitative Assessment of Environmental Soil Functions in Volcanic Zones from Mexico Using S&E Software
Authors: Gallegos Ángeles , López-Carmona Dante , Bautista Francisco
Published: August 2019

Making quantitative evaluations of the environmental functions of the soil in a quantitative way is an urgent necessity for transitioning towards the sustainable use of soils. The objective of this work was to use and improve the Soil and Environment software for soils of volcanic areas, for which the software was not designed to work on. The study was conducted in the volcanic area of Michoacan, Mexico. Nine soil profiles were described; samples were taken from each horizon and the physical and chemical properties of each sample were analyzed. The Soil and Environment software was used to conduct pedoecological evaluations of the soil samples and, subsequently, an evaluation of the environmental functions of the soils and the modeling of scenarios was carried out. The soil profiles studied showed variable properties of hydraulic conductivity, field capacity, air capacity, effective cation exchange capacity, and soil organic carbon. The soils showed very high nutrient retention, high naturalness and sorption of heavy metals, and low cultural and natural archive properties. The Soil and Environment software generally works well with soils of volcanic areas; however, we suggest improvements in the evaluation method of the following functions: naturalness and agricultural quality. Additionally, the estimating method of aeration capacity and hydraulic conductivity should be calibrated for the properties of the volcanic soils. The modeling of scenarios allowed us to identify the soil profiles that are most vulnerable to degradation. The modeling of scenarios provided a clear idea of the negative and positive effects that a change in soil use would have.
Addressing the Linkages between Gender and Transport in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Priya Uteng Tanu , Turner Jeff
Published: August 2019

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) specifies gender equality and sustainable development as their two central priorities. An area of critical importance for sustainable and gender-fair development is mobility and transport, which has so far been neglected and downplayed in research and policy making both at the national and global levels. Rooted in the history of the topic and the emerging ideas on smart, green and integrated transport, this paper presents a literature review of on gender and transport in the low- and middle-income countries. The paper presents a host of cross-cutting topics with a concentrated focus on spatial and transport planning. The paper further identifies existing research gaps and comments on the new conceptualizations on smart cities and smart mobilities in the Global South. Due attention is paid to intersections and synergies that can be created between different development sectors, emerging transport modes, data and modeling exercises, gender equality and sustainability.
Sustainability of Service Intermediary Platform Ecosystems: Analysis and Simulation of Japanese Hotel Booking Platform-Based Markets
Authors: Inoue Yuki , Takenaka Takeshi , Kurumatani Koichi
Published: August 2019

To achieve both a large number of platform users and the sustainability of service intermediation platform ecosystems, this study attempts to clarify appropriate platform fee settings and promising market types. It focuses on hotel-booking platforms and platform-based markets. We conduct agent-based simulation experiments with the conditions of (a) platform fee setting, (b) supply and demand balance, and (c) the consumer type categorized as “mandatorily” purchasing consumers (e.g., business travelers whose purchase of a hotel service is mandatory) and “optionally” purchasing consumers (who can refuse services if their requirements are not satisfied). Our simulation results reveal that when the platforms focus on mandatorily purchasing consumers, they could acquire larger platform users through fee settings, depending on the balance of supply and demand; however, they could not maintain ecosystem sustainability in any of the cases. When the platform focuses on optionally purchasing consumers, it can achieve both a large number of platform users and ecosystem sustainability with platform fee settings of consumer incentives, especially in excessive supply markets.
Measurement of Urban Park Accessibility from the Quasi-Public Goods Perspective
Authors: Chen Quxiao , Wang Chen , Lou Ge , Zhang Mingyu , Wu Shuang
Published: August 2019

The rational distribution of parks within an urban park system should ensure reasonable travel distance for citizens, as well as good recreation quality, which seems to be more important than the former in megacities with high population density. However, studies on the accessibility of parks ignored the competitiveness and exclusiveness of urban green space, and the method can be improved to get a more scientific result as the basis for spatial optimization of urban park systems. Therefore, in this study, we consider the park’s quasi-public goods attribute when building an accessibility measurement method, and both the park’s service supply capacity and demand of citizens were included, as well as the influence of spatial travel cost. This method, based on the empirical research results obtained from a case study of Shaoxing in East China, provides a more suitable accessibility estimate compared with the previous methods, which can reflect the park’s spatial distribution characteristics. Recommendations for improving the accessibility of parks include increasing the number of parks, reducing the cost of travel, enhancing park service capacity, and reducing the population density within the park’s service area.
Learning System for Japanese Kanji Calligraphy with Computerized Supervision
Authors: Shin Jungpil , Rahim Md Abdur , Chang Won-Du
Published: August 2019

The most popular way of learning oriental calligraphy has been by practicing the calligraphy under the supervision of a human teacher, but finding a good instructor can be difficult. There are a number of studies in the literature that have evaluated calligraphic characters in holistic ways, but such systems do not support detailed supervision of scripting errors. This study proposes a Kanji calligraphy learning system with computerized supervision and analyzes the learning efficiency of the system, where the supervision includes symmetries between strokes. The proposed system compares a written calligraphic character of a user to the model of a human expert, and indicates error spots with explanations. An experiment with 22 participants proved that this system was more efficient at reducing the number of scripting errors in comparison to the traditional manner of a human expert. The main contribution of this paper was to identify and reveal the efficacy of computerized supervision in comparison to a human supervisor. The proposed system decreased the writing-error-rates of learners from 32.7% to 3.4%, whereas the traditional practice reduced the error rates from 31.0% to 6.8%. This result shows that computerized supervision is more efficient than human supervision for learning calligraphy.
Circular Economy for Food: A Systemic Interpretation of 40 Case Histories in the Food System in Their Relationships with SDGs
Authors: Fassio Franco , Tecco Nadia
Published: August 2019

While the Circular Economy is widely championed by academics, companies, and politicians, its implementation is still an open issue. Its applications reveal a split between theory and practice. This break makes it difficult to pinpoint how coherent practices are with the original concept and how to understand the purpose of the actions and assess the results’ effectiveness. This is immediate when we consider the complexity of food. This paper aims to provide further insight on the applications and spill over of the circular economy into the food system. Through the systemic analysis of case histories, the research evaluates the effects of 40 circular economy actions in their relationship with Sustainable Development Goals, by assessing how they have been able to integrate and balance the economic, social, and environmentally sustainable development’s dimensions into the food system. What emerges is that food can be a fertile ground for the implementation of a circular economy’s principle and could also provide support in understanding its evolution and adjusting its objectives accordingly. Food is strategic and could be a perfect field for testing a new approach to raw material and waste and for the development of a new context of inquiry, defined as “Circular Economy for Food”.
Comment on Fauconnier, A. Phage Therapy Regulation: From Night to Dawn
Authors: Pelfrene Eric , Sebris Zigmars , Cavaleri Marco
Published: August 2019

With most interest we read the contribution made by Fauconnier on phage therapy regulation [...]
Immunoregulatory Functions of the IL-12 Family of Cytokines in Antiviral Systems
Authors: Guo Yifei , Cao Wei , Zhu Ying
Published: August 2019

Members of the interleukin 12 (IL-12) family have been known to be inflammatory factors since their discovery. The IL-12 family consists of IL-12, IL-23, IL-27, IL-35, and a new member, IL-39, which has recently been identified and has not yet been studied extensively. Current literature has described the mechanisms of immunity of these cytokines and potential uses for therapy and medical cures. IL-12 was found first and is effective in combatting a wide range of naturally occurring viral infections through the upregulation of various cytokines to clear the infected cells. IL-23 has an essential function in immune networks, can induce IL-17 production, and can antagonize inhibition from IL-12 in the presence of T helper (Th) 17 cells, resulting in type II IFN (IFN-γ) regulation. IL-27 has a competitive relationship to IL-35 because they both include the same subunit, the Epstein–Barr virus-induced gene3 (EBi3). This review provides a simple introduction to the IL-12 family and focuses on their functions relevant to their actions to counteract viral infections.
Scour Evolution Downstream of Submerged Weirs in Clear Water Scour Conditions
Authors: Guan Dawei , Liu Jingang , Chiew Yee-Meng , Zhou Yingzheng
Published: August 2019

Although weirs or dikes in the riverine and coastal environments are frequently overtopped, few studies have hitherto examined the evolution of the scour process downstream of these structures under the submerged condition. This paper presents an experimental investigation on time evolution of the scour process downstream of submerged weirs with a uniform coarse sand. The clear-water scour experiments were carried out in a tilting recirculation flume. Different flow intensities and overtopping ratios (approach flow depth/weir height) were adopted in the experiments. Experimental observations show that the scour hole downstream of submerged weirs develops very fast in the initial stage, before progressing at a decreasing rate and eventually reaching the equilibrium stage. The results show that an increase of the overtopping ratio or flowrate can generate larger scour depth and volume downstream of the weir. Moreover, geometrical similarity of the scour hole that formed downstream of the weir was observed in the tests. Finally, empirical equations for predicting scour hole geometrical evolutions downstream of the submerged weirs were presented. The results of this study are useful in the development of numerical/analytical models capable of estimating the scour depth downstream of weirs in the river or coastal areas, for which the overtopping conditions are present.
A Modified Surface Energy Balance to Estimate Crop Transpiration and Soil Evaporation in Micro-Irrigated Orchards
Authors: Souto Camilo , Lagos Octavio , Holzapfel Eduardo , Maskey Mahesh Lal , Wunderlich Lynn , Shapiro Kristen , Marino Giulia , Snyder Richard , Zaccaria Daniele
Published: August 2019

A surface energy balance model was conceived to estimate crop transpiration and soil evaporation in orchards and vineyards where the floor is partially wetted by micro-irrigation systems. The proposed surface energy balance model for partial wetting (SEB-PW) builds upon previous multiple-layer modelling approaches to estimate the latent, sensible, and soil heat fluxes, while partitioning the total evapotranspiration ( E T ) into dry and wet soil evaporation ( λ E s o i l ) and crop transpiration ( T ). The model estimates the energy balance and flux resistances for the evaporation from dry and wet soil areas below the canopy, evaporation from dry and wet soil areas between plant rows, crop transpiration, and total crop E T . This article describes the model development, sensitivity analysis and a preliminary model evaluation. The evaluation shows that simulated hourly E T values have a good correlation with field measurements conducted with the surface renewal method and micro-lysimeter measurements in a micro-irrigated winegrape vineyard of Northern California for a range of fractional crop canopy cover conditions. Evaluation showed that hourly L E estimates had root mean square error ( R M S E ) of 58.6 W m−2, mean absolute error ( M A E ) of 35.6 W m−2, Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient ( C N S ) of 0.85, and index of agreement ( d a ) of 0.94. Daily soil evaporation ( E s ) estimations had R M S E of 0.30 mm d−1, M A E of 0.24 mm d−1, C N S of 0.87, and d a of 0.94. E s estimation had a coefficient of determination ( r 2 ) of 0.95, when compared with the micro-lysimeter measurements, which showed that E s can reach values from 28% to 46% of the total E T after an irrigation event. The proposed SEB-PW model can be used to estimate the effect and significance of soil evaporation from wet and dry soil areas on the total E T , and to inform water balance studies for optimizing irrigation management. Further evaluation is needed to test the model in other partially wetted orchards and to test the model performance during all growing seasons and for different environmental conditions.
Can We Calibrate a Daily Time-Step Hydrological Model Using Monthly Time-Step Discharge Data?
Authors: Adla Soham , Tripathi Shivam , Disse Markus
Published: August 2019

Hydrological models are generally calibrated at longer time-steps (monthly, seasonal, or annual) than their computational time-step (daily), because of better calibration performance, lower computational requirements, and the lack of reliable temporally-fine observed discharge data (particularly in developing countries). The consequences of having different calibration and computation time-steps on model performance have not been extensively investigated. This study uses the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to explore the correctness of calibrating a hydrological model at the monthly time-step even if the problem statement is suited to monthly modeling. Multiple SWAT models were set up for an agricultural watershed in the Indo-Gangetic basin. The models were calibrated with observed discharge data of different time-steps (daily and monthly) and were validated on data with the same or different time-steps. Intra- and inter-decadal comparisons were conducted to reinforce the results. The models calibrated on monthly data marginally outperformed the models calibrated on daily data when validated on monthly data, in terms of P- f a c t o r , R- f a c t o r , the coefficient of determination ( R 2 ), and Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency ( N S E ). However, the monthly-calibrated models performed poorly as compared to daily-calibrated models when validated on daily discharge data. Moreover, the daily simulations from the monthly-calibrated models were unrealistic. Analysis of the calibrated parameters revealed that the daily- and monthly-calibrated models differed significantly in terms of parameters governing channel and groundwater processes. Thus, though the monthly-calibrated model captures the patterns in monthly discharge data fairly well, it fails to characterize daily rainfall-runoff processes. The results challenge the existing practice of using different calibration and computation time-steps in hydrological modeling, and suggest that the two time-steps should be the same, irrespective of the time-step required for modeling.
Dünyada ve Avrupa’da Homeopatinin Durumu
Authors: AĞAOĞLU Altunay
Published: August 2019

Dr. Hahnemann tarafından geliştirilen bir tedavi sanatı olan homeopatinin kökleri 18. yüzyılın başlarında Almanya'ya kadar dayanır. Zamanının çok ilerisinde bir tedavi şekli olan homeopati çok kısa sürede Avrupa, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ve Asya'ya yayılmıştır. Şifa sanatlarının ilerleyişi ve gelişimi boyunca homeopati, görkemli günlerinin yanı sıra dikkate alınmadığı zamanlar da olmuştur. Fakat hasta merkezli prensiplerinden vaz geçmeyen homeopati, zamana karşı hayatta kalmış ve o kadar gelişmiştir ki Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’ne göre, günümüzde dünyanın en yaygın ikinci tedavi sistemi olmuştur. Şu anda, bazı ülkelerin ulusal sağlık sistemi içinde yer almaktadır. Birçok homeopati hastanesi ve eğitim öğrenim kurumu vardır. Homeopati sadece insanlarda etkili değildir; veteriner hekimlikte ve son zamanlarda yavaş da gelişim gösterse aynı zamanda tarımsal alanda da klinik çalışmalar ile kendini kanıtlamıştır. Sağlık maliyetlerini düşürmesi nedeni ile bazı ülkeler ulusal sigorta sistemine dahil etmektedirler. Diğer bütün sağlık sisteminin içindeki tedavi sanatı ve uygulamaları gibi homeopati de kendini şu anki bilimsel platformda kanıtlamak zorundadır. Ancak ne kadar zorlansa da güvenilir ve hasta odaklı homeopati prensipleri, sürekli ve de en çok da ona sadık hastaları tarafından desteklenmektedir. Tabi ki de homeopatide de son yıllarda etkinliğini destekleyen kanıt dayalı araştırmalar artmıştır.
Tıbbi Hipnozun Klinik Uygulamaları
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Ali Özden , ÖZTÜRK Gizemnur
Published: August 2019

Yakın tarihteki modern tıp alanında gerçekleştirilen hipnoz uygulamalarının gelişim sürecine bakıldığında hipnozun yasal ve bilimsel otoritelerce kabulü ve bilinirliğinin, klinik alandaki başarılı tıbbi hipnoz uygulamaları ile paralel olarak ilerlediği söylenebilir. Tıbbi hipnozun klinik uygulamalarına dair güncel gelişmeler ise yasal otoritelerin düzenlemeleri ve hipnoz derneklerinin oluşturduğu standartlar doğrultusunda ilerlemektedir. Tıbbi hipnozun klinik uygulamalarına dair bu güncel ilerlemeler, hipnozun mekanizmasının daha iyi anlaşılması yolunda ışık tutmuştur. Hipnoza dair yapılan tanımlamalar ve tıbbi hipnozun klinik kullanım alanları da bu süreçle birlikte belirlenmiş ya da revize edilmiştir. Dünya ve Avrupa çapındaki tıbbi hipnozun klinik uygulamalarına dair bu gelişmelere uyumlu bir şekilde katılım ve katkıda bulunan Türkiye, günümüzde hipnozun tıbbi ve bilimsel alanlarda ve klinik uygulamalarda kullanımına dair güzel bir konuma gelmiştir. Bu konuma gelinmesinde kişisel çabalar ve hipnoz alanında faaliyet gösteren derneklerin çalışmalarının yanı sıra T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığının gerçekleştirmiş olduğu yasal düzenlemeler ve standartlar rol oynamıştır. Türkiye’de tıbbi hipnozun güncel klinik uygulamalarına “Bilinçli Hipnoz Farkındalığı (Awareness Under Conscious Hypnosis – AUCH©)’’ metodu ile gerçekleştirilen tıbbın çeşitli alanlarındaki birçok başarılı ameliyat örnek gösterilebilir. Bu ameliyatlar, sadece hipnoanestezi kullanılarak ve başka hiçbir farmakolojik anestezik, sedatif ya da aneljezik ajan kullanılmadan hasta tamamen bilinçli farkındalık hali içerisindeyken gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tıbbi hipnozun klinik uygulamaları, cerrahinin yanı sıra tıbbın birçok alanında başarılı ve etkin bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır.
Yetişkin Bireylerin Diş Macunu Seçim Kriterlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: KÖSEOĞLU Merve , AYHANCI Tuğba , NACAR Elif Tuğçe , KELLE Aysu , COŞKUN Hacer , AKYOL Melike , KESKİN Mine , ALTINDİŞ Selma
Published: August 2019

Amaç: Bu
çalışmanın amacı, yetişkin bireylerin diş macunu seçiminde etkili olan
faktörleri araştırmaktır.

Yöntem: Araştırma,
Türkiye genelinde, 251 kişinin katılımı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma
kapsamında bireylere 17 sorudan oluşan bir web anket uygulanmıştır. Çalışmadan
elde edilen verilen istatistiksel analizi, SPSS 23,0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL,
ABD) programı kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde, tanımlayıcı
istatistikler ve ki-kare testi uygulanmıştır. İstatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyi p
<0,05 olarak belirlenmiştir.

Bulgular: Çalışmanın
sonuçlarına göre, diş hekiminin tavsiyesi, televizyon ve internet reklamları,
ambalajı, köpürme miktarı, diş fırçasıyla aynı marka olması bireylerin diş
macunu seçiminde hiçbir zaman etkili olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Ancak, diş
macununun beyazlatma veya hassasiyet giderici özelliği olmasının, diş macunu
seçiminde sıklıkla etkili olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Katılımcıların çoğunluğu, bazen
diş macununu bazen arkadaşlarının veya ailesinin önerisiyle seçtiğini (p=0,26)
ve diş macunu alırken ekonomik olmasına özen gösterdiklerini (p=0,37), diş
macununun kokusu (p=0,37) ve köpürme miktarı (p=0,39) seçimini etkilediğini
bildirmişlerdir.

Sonuç: Farklı
sosyodemografik özelliklere sahip bireylerin diş macunu tercihleri de farklılık
göstermektedir. Diş macunu seçimlerinde ürünün tadı, kokusu, içeriği, fiyatı,
ambalajı, ulaşılabilirliği, belirli bir marka olması, tv ve internet
reklamları, diş hekiminin veya çevresindeki kişilerin tavsiyesi ve bireyin sosyodemografik
özellikleri ve alışkanlıkları etkili olmaya devam etmektedir.
Kajian Pemanfaatan Silika dari Sekam Padi dalam Pengolahan Limbah Tekstil
Authors: Masrofah Isma
Published: August 2019

Abstract – Textile industry is one of the waste contamination industries that can pollute the environment, so that the rapid development of textile industry must be followed by the improvement of its sewage treatment system. Along with the global issue of Green Manufacturing, the textile industry waste treatment can promote environmentally friendly waste treatment process and derived from renewable substances. Therefore, it is necessary to study the utilization of rice husk silica in the processing of textile waste. The results of the study provide information that textile wastes come from all processes in the textile industry, from pretreatment to finishing. Rice husk ash silica is a material utilized adsorption of textile waste or mixture of PolyVinylChloride (PVC) membrane material to filter textile waste. The characteristics of rice husk silica are influenced by the extraction method. The initial washing process using acid and then combustion at 600 ° C - 750 ° C produces a relatively high purity of silica with a maintained silica amorphous level.Keywords: Rice Husk Silica, Textile Waste, Textile Waste Processing, Silica Characteristic
Analisis Sektor Unggulan dan Transformasi Struktural di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah 2010 – 2016
Authors: Christina Maria , Pratiwi Yuli
Published: August 2019

Pembangunan dan pertumbuhan ekonomi merupakan dua hal yang saling berkaitan. Kedua hal tersebut tidak akan berjalan maksimal apabila proses pembangunan tidak memperhatikan potensi daerah. Dengan mengidentifikasi sektor-sektor unggulan maka potensi daerah dapat diketahui sehingga perencanaan pembangunan berjalan efektif dan efisien. Tingkat pertumbuhan ekonomi Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah merupakan tertinggi se-Kalimantan. Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah dapat memperoleh PDRB yang lebih besar dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi jika mampu memanfaatkan potensi yang dimiliki. Tujuan studi ini untuk mengetahui sektor-sektor unggulan yang memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan dan menganalisis sektor-sektor tersebut untuk menentukan prioritas pembangunan yang tepat, serta meningkatkan upaya pemerintah daerah dalam mendukung pengembangan potensi ekonomi unggulan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif dengan menggunakan data sekunder. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa sektor ekonomi potensial berbasis pada analisis Location Quotient, Tipologi Klassen, analisis Shift Share, dan analisis Overlay adalah sektor pertanian, kehutanan, dan perikanan, sektor industri pengolahan, dan sektor perdagangan besar dan eceran. Perekonomian Kalimantan Tengah mengalami transformasi struktural yang ditandai dengan menurunnya peranan sektor pertanian, dan semakin meningkatnya peranan sektor industri dan jasa. Dukungan Pemerintah Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah dapat terlihat dari RPJPD dan RPJMD serta alokasi APBD yang telah memprioritaskan dan memfokuskan pembangunan ekonomi pada sektor-sektor unggulan.
Analisis Tekno-Ekonomi Produksi Bioetanol Terintegrasi dengan Budidaya Ubikayu Unggul dan Peternakan Kambing Perah
Authors: Rustiaty Banon
Published: August 2019

Produksi bioetanol derajat bahan bakar dari ubikayu dihadapkan pada isu-isu kerakusan ubikayu terhadap unsur hara, ketidakekonomisan pada skala kecil, terutama pada tingkat harga ubikayu di atas Rp 400/kg dan kurang memberikan hasil yang memadai bagi petani dengan luas lahan terbatas (< 5 ha).

Untuk mengatasi isu-isu tersebut, diusulkan produksi bioetanol yang diintegrasikan dengan budidaya ubikayu produktifitas tinggi (mukibat, varietas-varietas Darul Hidayah, Cicurug dll) di atas lahan 100 ha dan peternakan kambing perah mulai dari 1.000 ekor, dengan pendekatan produksi secara daur-ulang.

Penyebab kenaikan hasil yang besar adalah budidaya kambing Peranakan Ettawa yang dapat meningkat jumlahnya 4-6 kali lipat dalam waktu 2 tahun (1 periode).  Konsekuensi dari penambahan ini adalah peningkatan biaya produksi peternakan sebesar 22 % dalam bentuk penambahan pakan hijauan dari luar atau penambahan areal seluas 7,5 ha/1000 ekor kambing untuk menanam hijauan.

Diproyeksikan pelaksanaan program ini secara berkelanjutan akan memberikan efek ganda dalam jangka menengah, berupa:

Terbentuknya sentra-sentra bioetanol skala kecil yang terintegrasi dengan budidaya ubikayu dan peternakan kambing/sapi;

Berkembangnya industri-industri pakan ternak, pengolahan susu dan pengolahan lanjutan bioetanol teknis menjadi bioetanol grade bahan bakar;

Berkembangnya industri-industri pendukung.
Mengaktifkan Belajar Siswa melalui Kartu Bilangan Bersama Kartu Huruf pada Mata Pelajaran Matematika dan Bahasa Indonesia di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Winata Ganjar
Published: August 2019

Mengaktifkan Belajar Siswa Melalui Kartu Bilangan Bersama Kartu Huruf Pada Mata Pelajaran Matematika dan Bahasa Indonesia Pada Sekolah Dasar. Guru yang mengajar secara klasikal saja tidak akan memenuhi sasarannya, akibatnya anak tersebut menjadi pasif. Apabila hal ini dibiarkan berkelanjutan, maka akan berakibat fatal. Minat anak terhadap pelajaran akan berkurang sehingga nilai pelajaran pun akan menurun. Masalah ini harus segera diatasi dengan cara mengajar menggunakan alat peraga, dalam hal ini penulis menggunakan kartu huruf dan kartu bilangan sebagai media. Diharapkan dengan alat peraga ini, aktifitas siswa akan meningkat sehingga tujuan pembelajaran akan tercapai. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan obyek penelitian siswa kelas I a SD Negeri 2 Kelapa Tujuh Kecamatan Kotabumi Selatan Lampung Utara yang berjumlah 30 orang siswa. Mata pelajaran yang akan diteliti adalah Matematika dan Bahasa Indonesia. Dengan melihat data temuan dan refleksi, tampak bahwa aktifitas siswa dalam proses pembelajaran meningkat. Siswa menjadi lebih agresif terhadap materi yang disampaikan oleh guru. Proses pembelajaran menjadi lebih hidup dan bermakna. Proses pemahaman materi menjadi lebih cepat karena siswa terpacu untuk segera menguasai materi. Siswa yang tidak mau bertanya lebih sedikit terbuka dan bahkan ada yang memberanikan diri untuk bertanya. Hal ini dilihat dengan naiknya persentase hasil tes formatif baik pada mata pelajaran matematika dan bahasa Indonesia. Peningkatan hasil ini secara tidak langsung disebabkan karena adanya penerapan alat peraga dalam proses pembelajaran kedua mata pelajaran tersebut.
Pengembangan Perikanan Lobster di Provinsi Lampung
Authors: Hudaidah Siti , Adiputra Yudha , Brite Margie , Saputra Andhika Bayu , Abdul Halim Dede Nur , User Firmansyah
Published: August 2019

Perikanan lobster di Provinsi Lampung telah dilakukan sejak tahun 1980-an dengan kegiatan perikanan tangkap yang dilakukan oleh nelayan dan dijual pada pedagang pengumpul lokal. Studi tentang perikanan lobster di Provinsi Lampung masih terbatas, sehingga masih banyak fakta secara biologis dan sosial ekonomi dapat dikembangkan yang tujuannya dapat membantu pembangunan perikanan lobster dimasa mendatang. Penelitian dilakukan dengan survei pada nelayan dan pedagang pengumpul lobster di Kabupaten Pesisir Barat pada Agustus sampai dengan Desember 2016. Hasil survei menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan penangkapan lobster tidak mengalami perkembangan yang pesat tetapi menunjukkan penurunan volume tangkap dengan makin berkurangnya jenis lobster yang berharga tinggi dan ukuran yang semakin kecil. Perlu dikembangkan perikanan lobster tidak hanya perikanan tangkap yang perlu dibatasi kuota penangkapannya tetapi juga perikanan budidaya untuk mengantisipasi peningkatan konsumsi dan perlindungan stok alam dengan pelepasliaran yang berpijak pada bidang biologi perikanan. Peta jalan kegiatan penelitian perikanan tangkap dan budidaya lobster yang dapat dikembangkan pada jangka pendek dan jangka panjang telah disusun agar menjadi rujukan oleh masyarakat luas untuk pembangunan perikanan lobster lebih khusus lagi pada kajian fisiologi reproduksi. Terkait dengan pelarangan penangkapan lobster ukuran kecil dan lobster bertelur, penjualan puerulus dan lobster konsumsi juga dibahas dalam tulisan ini.
Effectiveness of Strategic Plan Development of Local Resources Based on Local Resources in Lampung Province
Authors: Astuti Henita , Yani Alvi , Kaffi Suraya
Published: August 2019

Lampung province is being prepared by the government to become a food industry development center with superior products of Beras Siger made from raw cassava which is a food crop commodity. In order to improve the quality and quantity of Rice Siger, the Provincial Government of Lampung delivers through the Local Food Development Program (MP3L) program and increased production of sustainable Beras Siger. This research program was conducted to find out the problems related to, including the ways of cassava during harvest, the type of cassava that can be processed into Siger Rice, the quality of Siger Rice food products, production process procedures, human resources education workers support, available production house sufficient, capable resources, regulation, distribution, distribution of P-IRT permits, and program implementation have been well targeted. The desired results can be used as a consideration, input and information in determining the strategy model and success of the food diversification program of the basics of local resources, alignment of measures to address problems related to various production, demand for input output, agroindustry , government laws and policies to be used that can strengthen the revitalization of food crops for commodities.