bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simplified Model of High-Rise Isolated Structure for Earthquake Response Analysis
Authors: Fu Wei Qing , Chen Fei , Liu Wen Guang
Published: May 2011

Kelly and Xiyuan Zhou research on upper single-degree-of–freedom model of regular isolated building, and give necessary computing formulas. For various middle or low isolated building, the result is satisfied by using the model. Recently isolation technique was applied to high-rise buildings. For isolated building systems with large aspect ratio, high-order mode parts of upper structure can not be ignored. It brings large errors to use single-degree-of–freedom model. In the paper, according to the equivalent rules of equal structure period and total base shear, the computing formula of structure parameters is deduced. After numerical analysis for some regular buildings, a simplified method for equivalent model is given. By analyzing the earthquake responses of equivalent model and original structure, it is proved that the equivalent method is simple and feasible.
Shaking Table Test of Isolated Structure Model with Small Scale
Authors: Fu Wei Qing , Chen Fei , Ding Lin
Published: May 2011

For analyzing reduction vibration effect of high-rise isolated structure with LRB, experimental research on shaking table of isolated structure model on a scale down of 1:16 in two-direction earthquake wave input was conducted. Ratio similitude design of model and earthquake wave input was unified for reflection dynamical characteristic of actual structure in the test. Earthquake responses of isolated top structure acceleration and interblended displacement have been analyzed. The experimental result indicts that isolated top structure acceleration and interblended displacement were reduced. Therefore the isolation technology for high-rise structure also has better reduction vibration effect.
Biological Clogging in Tangshan Sand Columns under Salt Water Intrusion by Sporosarcina pasteurii
Authors: Rusu Cyprien , Cheng Xiao Hui , Li Meng
Published: May 2011

Salt Water intrusion is a recurrent phenomenon over the world. This study has purpose to find a new biological way to solve this problem. Sporosarcina Pasteurii, known for its application in biogrouting solutions, was injected into four experimental columns submitted to salt water injection. The bioremediated carbonation reaction was induced by injection of calcium chloride and urea during a three weeks period and results were observed by a new injection of salt water. The increase of salt concentration in the columns after biological treatment shows a slowing down of salt propagation after treatment.
Study on Excavation Method of Tunnel with Super Cross-Section and Super Large Section Area Underpass Extra-High Building
Authors: Zhang Xue Fu , Liu Jia Xiang
Published: May 2011

Because double side drift excavation method named eye excavation method has been a mature and reliable excavation method, it has normally been used in tunnels with super cross-section and super large section area. However, the construction speed using this method is very slow. One of reasons is that the construction technology of this method would be more and complex. The other is that all construction workers, materials, equipment would be extremely difficult for their up and down, and that the ballast rock would have to be moved by artificial when the upper step of the middle guide hole would be excavated. In this paper, to speed up the process of excavating tunnel with super cross-section and super large section area underpass extra-high building, the elastic-plastic numerical simulations for the tunnel named Industry and Trade Station of the third line in Chongqing Rail Transit were made in four excavation methods conditions. The four excavation methods is respectively the double side drift excavation method to the first excavation in main building side, the double side drift excavation method to the first excavation in podium side, the single side drift excavation method in the upper step to the first excavation in main building side and the single side drift excavation method in the upper step to the first excavation in podium side. The main building is named Industry and Trade building with 22 floors. The results showed that the single side drift excavation method in the upper step could Insure the building and tunnel when the support measures were reasonable, that the guide hole beside the little surface load should firstly be excavated by whether double side drift excavation method or single side drift excavation method, and that these would provide a reference for some similar engineering.
Study on the Hoek-Brown Parameters under Loading and Unloading Triaxial Laboratory Tests
Authors: He Jun Zheng , Wang Zai Quan , Bai Jin Shan , Zhang Li Ming
Published: May 2011

Based on the brittle fracture theory of composite crack, and then overlapping the stresses at the end region of a crack under tension-shear or compression-shear failure conditions, the relationships of parameters in rock macroscopic and microscopic are determined by combining the Hoek-Brown failure criterion. There are many valuable conclusions through a series of loading and unloading triaxial laboratory tests on rock samples. The tension-shear fracture under the unloading triaxial tests at pre-peak is different from the compression-shear fracture under the loading triaxial tests. The Hoek-Brown criterion for rock is applicable and validity under the condition of loading triaxial tests. Because the uniaxial compressive strength is not the fundamental characteristic of rock, the virtual uniaxial compressive strength is proposed for the first time considering the unloading problem. Comparing with the loading tests, the Hoek-Brown material parameters of rock samples change greatly under unloading at pre-peak, and the virtual uniaxial compressive strength improves and Hoek-Brown material constant m reduces.
Experimental Study on Unconfined Compression Strength of Compacted Granite Residual Soils
Authors: Chen Dong Xia , Yang Kai , Yang Yan
Published: May 2011

Granite residual soils are often used as compacted soils in engineering structures such as pavement, embankments and backfills in Xiamen. Many geotechnical problems such as bearing capacity, lateral earth pressures and slope stability require an assessment of the shear strength of soil. Since the geotechnical properties of residual soils are impaired in contact with water, a series of unconfined compression tests are carried out on granite residual soils. Results of tests include effects of degree of compaction, moisture content, degree of saturation and cyclic wetting and drying on unconfined compression strength respectively. The increase in degree of compaction and compacting effort increases unconfined compression strength and the former greatly affects the strength. Moisture content of soils is higher than the optimum one of 2.5% for high strength and it is lower than optimum one of 2.5% for good plasticity in Xiamen areas. The degree of saturation of high unconfined compression strength normally ranges from 64% to 76%. In addition, cyclic wetting and drying causes loss of unconfined compression strength and the maximum loss commonly occurs at the first cycle and then is slowed down by the following cycles till the strength remains approximately constant.
Dynamic Characteristics Analysis and Optimization for Hydraulic System of a Self-Propelled Steel Bridge Based on AMESim
Authors: Peng Wei Ping , Liu Hui Fang , Liu Zhao , Xia Re
Published: May 2011

Based on AMESim，a method of dynamic characteristics analysis and optimization for hydraulic system of a self-propelled steel bridge (SPSB) is presented. The approach of this work includes steps of (1) modeling the hydraulic system by defining components and their parameters according to working conditions; (2) evaluating control modes of the system, testing performance of components and analyzing main factors causing load-impacted and movement-unsynchronized of cylinders in the system by repeated changing and running of the model; and (3) improving the system. The results of this research show that sudden change of piston-rod movement and fluid pressure in hydraulic cylinders could lead to larger load-impacted of the system, and fluid pressure loss and load change of hydraulic cylinders would greatly effect on stability and synchronization of the system; but accumulators installed in the circuits can effectively decrease load impact and enhance movement steady of cylinders, and proportional valves used to control the circuits can obviously improve synchronization performance of cylinders.
Experimental Study on the Splitting Tensile Strength of Recycled Sintered Brick-Tile Concrete
Authors: Xie Ling Jun , Zhai Ai Liang
Published: May 2011

In this paper, the splitting tensile strength experiments of recycled sintered brick-tile concrete with different water-cement ratio, sand rate and water quantity were carried out, and the change law of splitting tensile strength with above three factors was acquired and failure patterns of the samples were analyzed. The results showed that the effects of sand rate and water quantity were not clear, while water-cement ratio was relatively significant and the splitting tensile strength was inversely proportional relationship with it. And the relation between the splitting tensile strength and the cubic compressive strength was summarized from the results.
Corrosion Behavior of Hot-Dip Galvanized Reinforcing Steel Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Lin Bi Lan , Xu Yu Ye
Published: May 2011

Galvanizing on the surface of reinforcing steel is an effective measure to control corrosion of reinforcing concrete structures. The corrosion behaviors of hot-dip galvanized (HDG) reinforcing steel in simulated concrete pore solution (SCP solution) with various pH and chlodride values were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Two equivalent circuit models corresponding to the corrosion process were proposed and the evolution feature of the corrosion parameters were analyzed. The results show that when the SCP solution was carbonated seriously (pH<11), there is hydrogen evolution phenomenon and the corrosion resistance of HDG reinforcing steel is decreased. A minute carbonation of SCP solution (11.5≤pH<12.5) favors the further passivation of the zinc layer and the corrosion resistance is enhanced. The corrosion rate of HDG reinforcing steel at pH=12.0 is minimal, around 0.59 μm/year, whereas that at pH=12.5 is approximate 1.21 μm/year. In the conditions of pH=12.5 and NaCl concentration no more than 0.5wt.%, the corrosion resistance of the passivation film on HDG reinforcing steel is good. In a serious carbonation case, the corrosion rate is increased greatly with chloride ions.
Experimental Research and Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of CFRP-Strengthened High-Strength Concrete Structure
Authors: Hai Hong , Zhao Ying Hua
Published: May 2011

The debonding behavior at the interface between fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) sheet and concrete is a key problem for the application of FRP plate, which has been widely applied in the civil engineering for rehabilitation and retrofitting of conventional structures. This paper presents the experimental and nonlinear finite element analysis results of the CFRP-strengthened high-strength concrete member. On the basis of the test, considering of the adhesive layer, explicit finite element is used for simulating the shear failure of CFRP-strengthened concrete, obtain the whole process of structure deformation development, describe the conformation and development of crack and the failure mode. The FE result coincides with the experimental result.
Research on Deformation Localization of Double Notched Concrete Beam under Four-Point-Shear Loading
Authors: Yang Lu , Shen Xin Pu , Zheng Hong , Chen Dai Heng
Published: May 2011

The focuses are to analyze the complicated damage process, and to determine the deformation field of the localized deformation and damage of the double notched concrete beam. Basic principle of the digital-speckle-correlate method (DSCM) was introduced. The displacement field of the beam under four-point- shear loading has been investigated with white-light speckle method, which can determined the speckle field of the surface of the deformation body rapidly and can be used to calculate the phase of deformation. Furthermore, the localized band of the deformation of the concrete can be recorded accurately. This method has shown that the procedure of experiment is convention, and can be used to determine various kind of deformation situation, including finite deformation and small deformation. Numerical calculation has been done to simulation the damage field and the whole damage field. The conclusion indicate that: compared with the localized band of the damage field and the damage process region of the experiment, damage field of the double of the notched beam from the numerical calculation can match it very well
The Detection Study on the Section Outline of Tunnel
Authors: Feng Qiang , Jiang Bin Song
Published: May 2011

The detection meaning of section outline on highway tunnel and the principle and operation method of laser measuring instrument of tunnel section are introduced in this paper; Aiming at the quality inspection and evaluation content for highway, the laser measuring instrument of tunnel section is used to inspect the geometry of tunnel outline. The inspection data on axis deviation, width, vaults height and arch waist height of tunnel are obtained by calculation of polar coordinates and cartesian coordinates gotten by instrument scanning. Compared the inspection data with design data, we can judge whether the tunnel meets the requirements. According to this method, the tunnel outline of Sai-Guo highway meets the basic requirement.
Discussions on the Two Properties and Applications of Elastic Deformation and Deformation Energy
Authors: Li Zhi Hui , Shi Jun Ping , Tang An Min
Published: May 2011

During the process of elastic deformation, based on first law of thermodynamics, deformation energy value equals to the work done by external forces moving through elastic deformation, which can determine the amount of elastic deformation. According to second law of thermodynamics, the true deformation energy value should be the minimum of all possible deformations, which can determine the distribution rule of elastic deformation. From this, it can be realized that there are some problems existed in the derived process of the minimum potential energy principle. The total potential energy of system remains constant in all of possible elastic deformation. Applying the two characteristics of elastic deformation, a few application problems could be solved expediently.
Analysis of Accumulated Damage Effects on the Roof of Mined-Out Areas under Blasting Vibration
Authors: Wang Shu Ren , Jia Hui Hui , Chang Meng Shi
Published: May 2011

Under the repeated blasting vibrations, the roof of the mined-out areas will suddenly collapse and fall because of its accumulated damage, which is a hidden danger for the miners and equipment on the surface. Based on the mined-out areas in Antaibao Surface Mine, the three-dimension engineering geological model and computational model were built using FLAC3Dtechnique. According to the effect of the load of the mechanical construction equipment, and the blasting vibration velocity recorded by field monitoring, the equal-time-interval blasting vibration as normal incidence was exerted on the surface of the mined-out areas three times. Consequently the accumulated damage effect of the roof and surrounding rocks of mined-out areas were analyzed, the stress concentration extent and the range of principal stress were discussed as well. The dynamic response characteristics of deformation and the accumulated progressive displacement were revealed via the monitoring displacement curves. The above mentioned results can provide theoretical and technical basis for similar projects on reducing the hidden danger and ensuring safe mining.
The Stability Reliability Analysis about Gravity Retaining Wall
Authors: Yang Hong Mei
Published: May 2011

The computation method of retaining wall reliability indexes is intruduced, and the analysis model of gravity retaining wall reliability is established in this paper. And the reliability of gravity retaining wall reliability is analyzeda using the center collocation method of second order moment. Based on the comparison of the calculation result of safety coefficient method and that of reliability analysis method, the safety factor method can't correctly reflect the reliability of gravity retaining wall, but the center collocation method of second order moment can correctly reflect the reliability of gravity retaining wall.
An Analytical Model to Predict the Push-Out Capacity of Mortar from Rock Block
Authors: Yang Shu Tong
Published: May 2011

Ground anchors have been very practical in a wide range of geotechnical structures. Good bond properties at the anchor-mortar and mortar-rock interfaces can ensure transmitting an applied tensile load to a load bearing structure efficiently. The bond performance between the mortar and rock is necessary to be studied. A push-out test of mortar from rock block can be used to analyze the interfacial properties between the two materials. In this paper, an analytical model is proposed to determine the push-out capacity of mortar from rock block. Based on the deformation compatibility at the interface, the compressive stress in the mortar and the interfacial shear stress at the mortar-rock interface are formulated at different loading stages. By modeling interfacial debonding as an interfacial shear crack, the push-out load is then expressed as a function of the interfacial crack length. In virtue of the Lagrange Multiplier Method, the maximum push-out load is determined. The validity of the proposed model is verified with the experimental results. It can be concluded that if the interfacial parameters at the mortar-rock interface are obtained, the push-out capacity of mortar from rock block can be accurately determined using the proposed model. The proposed solution in this paper would provide a good theoretical basis in evaluating the stability of ground anchors in practice.
Application of Wavelet Transform to Modal Parameter Identification of the Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Arch Bridge
Authors: Huang Wei , He Guo Jing
Published: May 2011

It’s important to identify structural modal parameter in time and accurately for structural health monitoring and damage identification. Wavelet analysis is one of the various kinds of identification methods, which has been used in linear and nonlinear system response data since it can decompose signals simultaneously both in time-domain and frequency-domain with adaptive windows. In this paper, taking Bariba Bridge as an example, the modal analysis results obtained from the finite element model are compared with those estimated from the wavelet transform method. Good coincidence of results can be observed, which demonstrates that the built-up finite element model reflects the bridge’s real dynamic properties, and can serve as a baseline model for its dynamic response analysis under complicated excitations, long-term health monitoring and structural service state assessment.
Online Identification with Least Square Method for Pseudo-Dynamic Tests
Authors: Wang Tao , Wu Bin , Zhang Jian
Published: May 2011

Numerical substructures adopt predetermined hysteretic models for conventional substructure testing (CST). It is difficult to achieve accurate results in CST due to errors from modelling of numerial substructures. To diminish the negative effect caused by the assumed restoring model, online identification with least square method using experimental data was adopted to update the model of numerical substructure. The effectiveness of least square method are verified with pseudo-dynamic substructure testing for single story frame with a buckling-restrained brace. The results indicate that the on-line identification algorithm based least square method has good accuracy, stability, and efficiency.
Analysis of Pitted Courtyard Cave Dwellings Stability in Baishe Village when Rainfall Infiltration
Authors: Han Jia Ming , Su San Qing
Published: May 2011

Pitted courtyard cave dwellings were used as a long-term living form in Baishe village. After field measurements, the size of local pitted courtyards and cave dwellings had been mastered, and the variation of average annual rainfall and monthly rainfall had been analyzed. By the experiment, the changes of physical and mechanical indexes could be showed with different water contents. At the same time, based on the literature, the relationship could be established between rainfall and water content. Basis in the expression of room rock stress and the Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion, the stability of the cave dwellings could be analyzed under different water contents, and the definition could be found of safety factor of loess cave. Then, the stability variation of loess cave dwelling could be obtained in different rainfall, and the evaluation results are given.
Experimental Research on Fire Performance of Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Joints
Authors: Wang Guang Yong , Li Yu Mei
Published: May 2011

An experimental study on the fire performance of reinforcing concrete beam-column joints under ISO834 standard temperature-time curve was carried out, and the main parameters including the load ratio of the beams and axial compression ratio of the columns were chosen to study the performance of the joints. The deformation, the explosive spalling of concrete, the fire resistance and the collapse mechanism of the joints in fire are observed carefully, and several conclusions are drawn in the end.
Finite Element Analysis of Strain Localization under Static and Dynamic Loading Conditions Based on Cosserat Continuum Model
Authors: Tang Hong Xiang , Song Chun Hong
Published: May 2011

In the present work, the Cosserat micro-polar continuum theory is introduced into the FEM numerical model, which is used to simulate the strain localization phenomena under static and dynamic loading conditions. The numerical studies on progressive failure phenomena, which occur in a panel, characterized by strain localization due to strain softening and its development, are numerically modelled by two types of Cosserat continuum finite elements, i.e. u8ω8 and u8ω4 elements. It is indicated that both two Cosserat continuum finite elements possess better performance in simulation of strain localization. Because of the presence of an internal length scale in Cosserat continuum model a perfect convergence is found upon mesh refinement. A finite, constant width of the localization zone is computed under static as well as under transient loading conditions.
Microstructure and Durability of RC in Boric Acid
Authors: Jin Hui Zhen , Li Qiang , Jin Xian Yu , Tian Ye , Jin Nan Guo
Published: May 2011

Boric acid (H3BO3) is often used for cooling the heat in nuclear power plant. Though the drastic measures have been taken, the potential leakage still can not be fully eliminated. Therefore, an attempt to understand the durability mechanism of RC subjected to boric acid is of vital importance. In this paper, specimens cured in a standard moist room at a temperature of 20 ±3 °C after 28days were immersed in three different concentration of boric solution (2000ppm, 8000ppm, 30000ppm) artificially simulated to accelerate the corrosion of acid environment. The hydration products are investigated. Microstructure of reinforced concrete on the surface, 2cm and 4cm away from the surface at ages of 60, 90 and 150 days are examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) respectively. Results indicate that main hydration product is Ca(BO2)2,boric acid corrosion to concrete surface can only be detected from the specimens in 30000ppm solutions at the ages of 150 days and its effect is slight. However, the inner part of the concrete was not affected. The results of XRD coincide with those of SEM.
Study on Mechanical Performance of Corroded High-Strength Steel Bars
Authors: Shi Yang Hang , Chu Shao Feng , Yu De Hai
Published: May 2011

In this paper, the experimental method is adopted to study the mechanical performance of corroded high-strength steel bars. HRB400 and HRB500 with different diameters are corroded by electrifying accelerated corrosion in the laboratory, followed the tension test on these corroded bars with different corroded degree. The studying of the corrosion condition and mechanical performance of corroded high-strength steel bars lay the basic foundation for the analysis and research on their selection and relevant structural resilience which provide the reference basis for engineering practice.
Stability Analysis of Slope with Arbitrary Sliding Surface on Multi Strata Using Minimum Potential Energy Principle
Authors: Wen Shu Jie , Li You , Chen Xin
Published: May 2011

As a rule,the natural slope is not homogeneous,and its sliding surface is arbitrary. However,the common slope stability analysis methods used to assume shape of sliding surface and slope homogeneity,and the calculation process is so complex that accuracy of results is decreasing.In this study,the potential energy function of sliding body is established for slope with arbitrary sliding surface on multi strata.Using minimum potential energy principle, the displacement of sliding body can be got. Then based on Moore - Coulomb criterion and condition of force equilibrium in the sliding direction, the safety factor can be got directly. Case studies show: ①This slope stability analysis methods is valid.② Different definition of safety factor leads to different analysis result.
Study on the Strength of Sea Sand Concrete in Ningbo
Authors: Liu Jun Zhe , Zhang Guo Liang , Chen Jian Bin , He Zhi Min
Published: May 2011

This paper mainly explain and expounded folding compressive strength of the different types of sea sand mortar , fly ash to the sea sand concretes mortar intensity influence as well as the chloride ion content to the sea sand concretes mortar intensity influence. The pulverized fly ash has the postponement function to the sea sand concretes early strength, the chloride ion has the promoter action to the sea sand concretes early strength. 20% pulverized fly ash be good to the sea sand concretes long-term strength development influence, can achieve the goal which enhances the sea sand concretes the long-term strength . The chloride ion is greater to the concretes early strength influence, especially in previous 3 days. Along with the time development, the chloride ion influence weakens, but the pulverized fly ash enlarges to the concretes intensity's influence factor. A two-phase arrived, the final concrete strength values close to each other.
The Central Air-Conditioning Energy-Saving Control Technology
Authors: Lei De Bao , Tang Zhong Hua , Zhao Kai
Published: May 2011

With the application of the central air conditioning system widely, it has increased fast the consumption of national energy. This paper analyzes how to control a central air-conditioning system for energy saving, mainly including control characteristics , automatic control component and the control approaches of energy saving. Energy-saving approaches consist of indoor state parameter selection control, variable-speed pump control，variable air volume system control, Storage cold control and control Optimization.
Analyzing Hierarchy Spatial Structure of Chinese Ancient Town
Authors: Wei Ke
Published: May 2011

Village as the basic prototype, most of the Chinese ancient towns have formed distinctive spatial structure in the joint action of multiple factors. Space of Chinese ancient town embodies hierarchy structure from large to small in the process of formation and development. The space system of geography, town, environment, architecture, livingmaterial produce hierarchy structure, the higher level including the lower level, the lower level reflecting the higher level, and forming system of compound spatial structure in Chinese ancient towns in the end.
Numerical Simulation of GPR Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Rigid Pavement with Voids Based on FDTD
Authors: Zhong Yan Hui , Zhang Bei , Xie Xiao Li , Wang Fu Ming , Guo Cheng Chao
Published: May 2011

Two-dimension finite difference time domain (FDTD) update equations are established, and the GPR electromagnetic wave propagation in rigid pavement with voids beneath slabs is numerical simulated by using effective CPML boundary conditions, and then the two-Dimension GPR images for voids beneath slab are obtained. Moreover, the relationship between characteristics of voids beneath rigid slabs and GPR data is analyzed. The achievements of this paper will provide a theoretical basis for the use of GPR to rapidly detect voids beneath rigid slab.
Response Analysis of Surface Crack in Asphalt Pavement under Moving Loads
Authors: Zhong Yan Hui , Zhang Bei , Zhong Yan Mei , Guo Cheng Chao
Published: May 2011

Aiming at the problem that the asphalt pavement is prone to early crack and reduces its service life, the response of transverse and longitudinal surface vertical cracks under moving loads is studied based on fracture mechanics theory. By means of 3D numerical simulation with the general finite element software package ABAQUS, the change law of stress intensity factor kⅡ of transverse and longitudinal surface crack under moving vehicle load are deeply analyzed and some conclusions are drawn, which contribute to further research on the propagation behavior of asphalt pavement surface crack in service condition, and will provide some guidance for the maintenance and rehabilitation of asphalt pavement.
Relationship between Sea Temperature Change and Tropical Cyclones Based on Argo
Authors: Zhu Jiong , Kang Jian Cheng
Published: May 2011

The relationship between sea water temperature with depth and the maximum cyclone wind speed was analyzed, the temperature was acquired before 24h of the cyclones occurred by using of data of Argo floats and cyclones in 2005, and taking advantage of inverse distance weighted interpolation method. The results showed that: (1) the Tropical Cyclone’s intensity had a strong correlation with the sea water temperature in the depth of about 42m or so. (2) Under the conditions of similar latitude, according to the energy conservation law, the maximum intensity of cyclones wind was a linear function of sea water temperature, depth, and continuous change in the overall rate, which was verified through the actual observation data.
A Setting Pre-Angle Method in Multi-Steps Construction of Long-Span Steel Structures
Authors: Pan Duo Zhong , Wei De Min
Published: May 2011

Many long-span structures have to be divided into several substructures to manufacture simultaneously and ensemble by multi-steps. Based on the engineering practice that pre-angles can be set at joint nodes between pre-erected and after-erected substructures by inter-node design, this paper proposes that the pre-erected substructures can be analyzed independently with finite element method(FEM) to ensue safety of the semi-complete structure system, and the displacement of joint nodes can server as boundary constraint of after-erected substructures after the rotational components are relaxed, the theoretical basis and solution algorithm is described also. The analysis of a typical case proves that this method make the after-erected substructures facilitated more easily.
Decision Making on Glass Selection in Building Facade
Authors: Du Qiang , Yang Jian , Zhou Tian Hua
Published: May 2011

Glass is widely used for its properties of transparency. It has been favoured by architects for the last two decades and used to deliver a distinct style of architecture. However, the conflicting performance requirements make the decision making on glass selection in building envelopes a complex process. This paper investigates the factors affecting the selection of glass used in building facade, and proposes a hierarchy of decision making to facilitate the information flow. This may provide an integrated and robust approach to reach an informed decision.
A New Technique to Manufacture Desalinated Sea Sand Concrete and its Properties
Authors: Sun Bing Quan , Wang Li Jiu , Chen Chao He , Wang Hong
Published: May 2011

For the purpose of enhancing concrete performance and conserving freshwater, we proposed a new technique of making desalinated sea sand concrete. Salinity qualified desalinated sea water with alkaline potential is obtained through a set of self-made dual membrane electrodialyzers and membrane electrolyzers. Sea sand is sluiced by the obtained desalinated sea water before it is made into concrete. The desalinating device is portable and easy operating, and outputs qualified sea water to the requirements of desalinating sea sand. The method of sluicing sea sand is proved to be practical and effective. It is found that, comparing to standard concrete, concrete made of desalinated sea sand and alkaline potential water has better mechanics performance and better protection for steel bars. Both desalinated sea water and sea sand contain a certain amount of OH- ions, which helps reducing the ratio of Cl-/OH- in concrete and thus inhibit the Cl- ions from rotting or carbonating concrete; concrete durability is therefore enhanced.
Contact Simulation of CFRD Based on Nonlinear Contact Friction Coefficient
Authors: Zheng Dong Jian , Cheng Lin , Wang Jia Lin
Published: May 2011

In this paper the direct constraint model is adopt to solve the penetration problem of traditional Goodman element. A method to determine the nonlinear friction coefficient of contact surface between the face slab and cushion of CFRD is proposed. The CFRD of a pumped storage power station is studied using traditional method and method proposed in this paper. Analysis results show that the method proposed in this paper to simulate the contact problem of CFRD is reasonable and more superior to traditional methods.
Surveying and Mapping the Technology and Management Analysis of the Whole-Process in Real Estate Development
Authors: Dong Chun Lai
Published: May 2011

This paper elaborated that the real estate develops the whole-process to surveying and mapping the work contents, method and requests in applied everything generally, inquiring in to surveying and mapping the regulation and the key problem in the process, brief introduction the interface is friendly and operates the simple real estate development to surveying and mapping the information management system, pointing out to surveying and mapping the phenomenon that the information waste and the increment real estates develop the cost, announcing to public to surveying and mapping the system reform and surveying and mapping the necessity that the market develops completely, developing for the real estate or supervision company contain certain leading and practical values.
Experimental Study on Blast Resistant Structure with Composite Protection Layer
Authors: Yang Run Lin , Guo Hai
Published: May 2011

Since the terrorist attacks have increased over the world in recent years, blast-resistant protection of building structures has received considerable attention. The rigid and flexible composite protection layer as a new protection measure was examined through the method of experimental tests in this paper. Two sealed steel boxes were selected for the testing, one with the rigid and flexible composite layer, while the other without any protection. The rubber was selected as the flexible material while the steel plate is selected as the rigid material. The effectiveness of the composite layer under different explosive loadings was investigated. By comparing the structural strains, the experimental results show that the rigid and flexible layer can suppress the structural dynamic response obviously, and the blast-resistant effect of the composite layer will be increased further with increase of explosive charge.
Research on Dynamic Characteristics of Penstock and Expansion Joint Structure in Hydropower Station
Authors: Gu Hua , Yan Gen Hua
Published: May 2011

During electricity generation in Hydropower Station, there’s pulsating pressure load on discharge flow, which induces vibration and fatigue damage on expansion joint structure. In this essay, through 3D Finite Element Method we conduct research about natural vibration characteristics of honeycomb duct of steel waterline pipe expansion joint under the condition of fluid-structure interaction, analyzing and researching the characteristics of vibratory modes with fluid-structure interaction on penstock between adjacent domains. By the above effort, we acquire the parameters of vibratory modes on structure, including those like natural frequency and corresponding vibratory modes of structural low level, which provides basis for structural vibration analysis.
Study on Site Construction Technology of Four-Graded RCC
Authors: Lin Yu Qiang , Shi Yan , Guo Ding Ming , Li Jia Zheng , Yang Hua Quan
Published: May 2011

Tests on rolling technology of four-graded RCC were carried out on dam site and then recommended construction parameters of four-graded RCC was proposed, which aimed to provide technique support for application of four-graded RCC in hydropower projects. Results show that when water consumption is 71kg/m3 and VC value is 3s~5s of four-graded RCC, large aggregates are coated with mortar sufficiently and the mixture has good performance of being-rolled and anti-separation. Recommended parameters of four-graded RCC are as follows: 2 times without vibration＋6 times with vibration＋2 times without vibration for 0.4m-thick layer, 2 times without vibration＋8 times with vibration＋2 times without vibration for 0.5m-thick layer, with rolling exciting force 395kN and walking speed 1.0~1.5km/h. Then the relative compaction of four-graded RCC can reach or exceed 98.0%.
Study on Gravity Dam Foundation Stability Combining with Dam Foundation Deformation Behavior
Authors: Wang Xian Jun
Published: May 2011

Gravity dam foundation failure progress is always associated with its deformation development. So dam foundation deformation should be paid more attention in gravity dam stability analysis. Key node plays an important role in analyzing the dam foundation deformation development. But how to select key node is worth researching. A gravity dam foundation stability is studied by the development of plastic zone and key nodes’ displacements in dam foundation. The problem of key node selection is researched and a key node selection method is brought up also in this paper.
Design Issues and Contribution to Building Energy of Photovoltaic Roof
Authors: Liu Zheng Quan , Bao Yi Wang
Published: May 2011

Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) is a relatively recent new application of photovoltaic (PV) energy technologies whose energy output is affected by many design-related factors including PV module technologies, installation orientation, tilt and shadow range of solar panels. The shading analysis of a residential house’s PV roof in Beijing was conducted by using building analysis program Autodesk Ecotect 2010. Analysis result shows that there is no shadow on the PV roof from 9a.m to 4p.m in winter solstice when the solar altitude angle reaches minimum, which ensures almost no shading losses for the PV modules over the year. The differences in monthly energy output were compared in the case of different installation tilt of solar panels and PV module technologies. Finally, the contribution to the building energy of the PV roof was discussed. The results show that appropriate design and selection of PV modules can compensate for the energy requirements for building heating and cooling to some extent.
A Method for Simulating Heat Recovery Systems Using AirModel in Implementations of the ASHRAE Simplified Energy Analysis Procedure
Authors: Liu Cheng Gang , Wei Guang Hua , Bruner Homer L.
Published: May 2011

A method for simulating heat recovery systems using AirModel in implementations of the ASHRAE simplified energy analysis procedure was developed in this paper. AirModel, a simulation tool used to simulate the energy consumption of building heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems, was developed by the Energy Systems Laboratory (ESL) at Texas A&M University (TAMU) in the 1990’s. This program is capable of simulating single duct reheat systems and dual duct systems with economizer cycles. However, in certain buildings, energy savings techniques such as heat recovery systems are implemented but AirModel does not have a specific input to simulate this system. Presented in this paper is a method to simulate a heat recovery system using AirModel. An example of this methodology was used to simulate the HVAC system with a heat recovery system for the Biophysics and Biochemistry building on the TAMU campus.
Application of Extension Theory in Evaluation of Energy Efficiency Reformation of Existing Building
Authors: Li Ni , Li Liang , Li Si , Xiao Jing
Published: May 2011

The energy efficiency reformation of existing buildings is a very complicated system which is controlled by lots of factors. It is very important content of the energy efficiency reformation work. The evaluation system for energy efficiency reformation of existing buildings is established. The value assignment method is proposed and the rating standard is established. Based on matter-element theory and dependent function, the extension theory is applied to evaluate the effect of energy efficiency reformation of existing buildings, and the extension method for the effect evaluation is proposed. Taking a real project of energy efficiency reformation for example, based on the reasonable selection of evaluation factor, an extension model for evaluation is built. As a result, it is practical and feasible to apply the extension method to solve this kind of problems.
The Impact on the Flow of Fire Smoke when Rail Transit Hub Fans Delayed Open
Authors: Fan Hong Ming , He Kai Yuan , Zhang Dan , Yin Zhi Fang
Published: May 2011

Rail transit hub is key node in urban transportation system. The study on properties of ventilation and smoke control system can improve response ability in case of fire and give ventilation and smoke control design guidance for underground rail transit hub. Take Beijing DongZhimen underground rail transit hub as research object, according to its air turbulent flow characteristics, introducing standard turbulence model based on the N-S equation. Build the computational fluid dynamics model for solving the flow field within underground rail transit hub. Through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, take "Siamese model” results as the boundary condition and establish a mathematical model of rail transit hub with CFX. Then research fire smoke development and spread laws when the exhaust fan within underground rail transit hub delayed open.
Numerical Analysis for Progressive Collapse of a Multi-Storey Building due to an Explosion in its Basement
Authors: Tian Li , Wang Hao
Published: May 2011

A numerical analysis for the progressive collapse of a reinforced concrete frame caused by an explosion in this structure’s basement is presented in this paper. The whole process from the detonation of the explosive charge to the complete demolition is reproduced. The main work is focused on the role of soil in structural collapse and failure mode of structural members. The analysis is simulated using ANSYS/LS-DYNA and proposes a new simulation method which is comparatively accurate and economic.
Influences of Change of Plasma on CBR of Eolian Sand
Authors: Jin Chang Ning , Zhang Yu Hong
Published: May 2011

The plasma in the eolian sand, included silt particle and clay particle, change easily and hugely. For studying their influences on the strength property of eolian sand, mixed silt particles and clay particles in different proportion into the eolian sand to carry out CBR test. The test result indicates that, along with the increase of silt particle and clay particle content the CBR value also increases within a certain range, which indicates the increase of silt particle and clay particle content can firstly improve the gradation of eolian sand; after the gradation is improved can obtain large compaction dry density, and at the same time also can enhance the earth strength, included the CBR value. The range of silt particle and clay particle content made the CBR value increase is also very large: ≤40% when formed under dry state, and ≤45% when formed under optimum or saturated water content; if the water content in forming could be retained at all times, the former could be ≤55% and the latter still ≤45%. The mechanism analysis further indicates that, when there were no excessive silt particles and clay particles, in the large range of silt particles and clay particles changing from small to large, the engineering nature of eolian sand will be improved due to the improvement of gradation, which is advantageous to the extensive application of dry compaction process; but the eolian sand formed by dry compaction is defective on microstructure, and so the requirements for silt particle and clay particle content should be more strict in practical works.
Numerical Simulation of the Natural Ventilation in Workshop with Different Air Inlet Openings
Authors: Su Ya Xin , Wan Xin
Published: May 2011

The authors numerically simulated the natural ventilation in an industrial workshop with heat sources by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method when the height of air inlet opening was set different values. The flow and temperature fields in the workshop were simulated by realizable k-e turbulent model combined with a Discrete Ordinate (DO) radiation. Results showed the height of air inlet opening strongly influenced the flow and temperature fields in the workshop. When the height of air inlet opening increased, the natural ventilation was improved and more fresh air flowed into the workshop. When the height of air inlet opening increased from 1.7 meters to 3 meters, the temperature in the operation zone of the workshop dropped. When the height of air inlet opening increased from 2.7 meters to 3.7 meters, the temperature in operation zone did not change much, while the temperature in the upper zone of the workshop dropped. The heat distribution factor decreased first with the height of air inlet opening and then increased again. When the height of air inlet opening was 3 meters, the heat distribution factor was minimal.
Finite Element Analysis on Instantaneous Deformation and Consolidation Deformation of Saturated Soft Clay Foundation
Authors: Shao Xin Yan , Ling Xian Zhang , Zhang Wei , Tang Liang , Wang Li Na , Wang Min
Published: May 2011

Deformation analysis of foundation is an important research field in geotechnical engineering, especially analysis on instantaneous deformation and consolidation deformation of saturated soft clay foundations. In this paper, a computation model of instantaneous deformation and consolidation deformation was built on the basis of Biot Consolidation Theory and consideration of mechanism of instantaneous deformation and consolidation deformation and consideration of interrelation of both deformations. A method was proposed to determine initial pore water pressure in soil. Nonlinearity of soil deformation under drainage conditions was considered by combining Duncan-Zhang model with compaction curve of soil, and failure soil elements were processed by Mohr-Coulomb Failure Criteria. By numerical simulation, a nonlinear axi-symmetric FEM program was complied to solve foundation deformation and applied in calculation of soft ground tank settlement. Results show that the method presented in this paper is efficient and suitable to analyze instantaneous deformation and consolidation deformation.