bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glucose deprivation activates a cAMP-independent protein kinase fromTrypanosoma equiperdum
Authors: Guevara Alberto , Lugo Cristina , Montilla Alejandro J. , Araujo Nelson A. , Calabokis Maritza , Bubis José
Published: November 2018

Kemptide (sequence: LRRASLG) is a synthetic peptide holding the consensus recognition site for the catalytic subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). cAMP-independent protein kinases that phosphorylate kemptide were stimulated inTrypanosoma equiperdumfollowing glucose deprivation. An enriched kemptide kinase-containing fraction was isolated from glucose-starved parasites using sedimentation throughout a sucrose gradient, followed by sequential chromatography on diethylaminoethyl-Sepharose and Sephacryl S-300. The trypanosome protein possesses a molecular mass of 39.07–51.73 kDa, a Stokes radius of 27.4 Ǻ, a sedimentation coefficient of 4.06 S and a globular shape with a frictional ratiof/fo= 1.22–1.25. Optimal enzymatic activity was achieved at 37 °C and pH 8.0, and kinetic studies showedKmvalues for ATP and kemptide of 11.8 ± 4.1 and 24.7 ± 3.8µm, respectively. The parasite enzyme uses ATP and Mg2+and was inhibited by other nucleotides and/or analogues of ATP, such as cAMP, AMP, ADP, GMP, GDP, GTP, CTP,β,γ-imidoadenosine 5′-triphosphate and 5′-[p-(fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl] adenosine, and by other divalent cations, such as Zn2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Ca2+and Fe2+. Additionally, the trypanosome kinase was inhibited by the PKA-specific heat-stable peptide inhibitor PKI-α. This study is the first biochemical and enzymatic characterization of a protein kinase fromT. equiperdum.
The roles of early-life adversity and rumination in neural response to emotional faces amongst anxious and depressed adults
Authors: Peters Amy T. , Burkhouse Katie L. , Kinney Kerry L. , Luan Phan K.
Published: November 2018

Background

Early-life adversity (ELA) is a risk factor for internalizing psychopathology (IP). ELA is also linked to alterations in neural phenotypes of emotion processing and maladaptive emotion regulatory strategies, such as ruminative brooding, in adulthood. We therefore expected that ELA would predict cortical brain activation to emotional faces in transdiagnostic IP and in turn, mediate the extent of rumination amongst patients with IPs and ELA (IP + ELA).

Method

One hundred and thirty-two individuals, including 102 treatment-seeking adults with heterogeneous IPs and 30 healthy controls (HCs) performed an Emotional Face-Matching Task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Whole-brain analyses compared HC (n = 30), IP (n = 52), and IP + ELA (n = 50) neural responses to emotional (angry, fearful, happy, and sad) faces v. shapes, controlling for depression and anxiety symptoms. Parameter estimates of activation were extracted for significant between-group differences and tested as a mediator of ruminative brooding in IP + ELA.

Results

IP + ELA demonstrated increased activation in the superior frontal gyrus and anterior cingulate cortex (fear), superior parietal lobule, precuneus, posterior cingulate, and inferior temporal gyrus (fear only), and cuneus (fear and angry). These regions were preferentially correlated with ruminative brooding in IP + ELA, many of which mediated the link between IP + ELA and ruminative brooding.

Conclusions

Results provide evidence that ELA history amongst IP patients augments engagement of brain regions involved in emotion processing, above and beyond what is accounted for by current symptoms. Though longitudinal designs are needed, alterations in the neural correlates of maladaptive processing of socio-emotional information may be a common pathway by which ELA poses risk for psychopathology.
Empathy and Testimonial Trust
Authors: Bailey Olivia
Published: November 2018

Our collective enthusiasm for empathy reflects a sense that it is deeply valuable. I show that empathy bears a complex and surprisingly problematic relation to another social epistemic phenomenon that we have reason to value, namely testimonial trust. My discussion focuses on empathy with and trust in people who are members of one or more oppressed groups. Empathy for oppressed people can be a powerful tool for engendering a certain form of testimonial trust, because there is a tight connection between empathy and a (limited) approval of another's outlook. I then argue that the qualities of empathy that make it such a powerful tool for bridging differences and building trust also have a problematic upshot: they make it the case that reliance on empathy will sometimes have a distorting effect upon the ways we extend testimonial trust.
Improving understanding of shallow urban groundwater: the Quaternary groundwater system in Glasgow, UK
Authors: Ó Dochartaigh Brighid , Bonsor Helen , Bricker Stephanie
Published: November 2018

Although many European cities use urban aquifers for water supply, groundwater from shallow urban aquifers is not widely exploited. Nevertheless, shallow urban groundwater is a key environmental resource – for example, in maintaining healthy urban river flows and attenuating some pollutants – and it can also be a threat, such as through groundwater flooding. However, shallow urban groundwater is frequently overlooked or ineffectively managed, in large part because it is often poorly understood. This paper demonstrates the need to improve understanding of the shallow groundwater system in a city where shallow groundwater is not widely abstracted and, consequently, relatively little groundwater data exist. Like many UK cities, Glasgow is underlain by complex unconsolidated Quaternary deposits, which form a heterogeneous shallow aquifer system that has been extensively impacted by urban activities, typical of a former industrial city. Balancing the potential benefits and risks of shallow groundwater in Glasgow requires a better understanding of Quaternary hydrogeology in order to support the transition to a more sustainable city. This paper presents an improved conceptual model of Glasgow's shallow groundwater system within a sequence of Quaternary deposits in the Clyde valley, drawing heavily on data collected during major site investigations for land development in the city. Postglacial Quaternary sediments in Glasgow form an elongate, variably thick (up to 30m) and variably permeable aquifer system. Aquifer units with high permeability and high storage capacity are partially separated by lower permeability, but still hydrogeologically active, units. Groundwater in the system is hydraulically connected with the River Clyde. Groundwater flow occurs both longitudinally down-valley and convergent from the edge of the valley aquifer towards the river. There has been extensive anthropogenic alteration to the urban surface and shallow subsurface, which has modified the natural physical and chemical groundwater system. Pollution associated with historical industry has also extensively impacted the quality of Quaternary groundwater.
Diet and physical activity in pregnancy and offspring’s cardiovascular health: a systematic review
Authors: van Elten T. M. , Karsten M. D. A. , van Poppel M. N. M. , Geelen A. , Limpens J. , Roseboom T. J. , Gemke R. J. B. J.
Published: November 2018

There is increasing evidence linking maternal diet and physical activity before and during pregnancy with offspring’s cardiovascular health. Although many studies examined this association, the evidence has not been reviewed systematically. We therefore undertook a systematic review to synthesize evidence examining the association of maternal diet and physical activity before and during pregnancy with offspring’s blood pressure and vascular health. We systematically searched the databases MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception to June 30, 2017. Eligibility screening, data extraction and quality assessment were performed by two independent reviewers. A total of 19 articles were included comprising three randomized controlled trials and 16 observational studies. Of the studies that examined the association of interest, 60% (three out of five studies) showed that high maternal carbohydrate intake was associated with higher offspring’s blood pressure. Maternal protein intake during pregnancy was negatively associated with offspring carotid intima-media thickness in two out of two studies. No consistent findings for maternal fatty acid intake were found. There were too few studies to draw conclusions on energy intake, fibre intake, protein/carbohydrate ratio, specific foods, dietary patterns and maternal physical activity. Heterogeneity in exposure and outcome assessment hampered pooling. Also, owing to the observational nature of most studies, causality cannot be established. Harmonization of valid exposure and outcome measurements, and the development of core outcome sets are needed to enable more robust conclusions.
Cyberbullying victimisation and internalising and externalising problems among adolescents: the moderating role of parent–child relationship and child's sex
Authors: Sampasa-Kanyinga H. , Lalande K. , Colman I.
Published: November 2018

Aims

Previous research has found links between cyberbullying victimisation and internalising and externalising problems among adolescents. However, little is known about the factors that might moderate these relationships. Thus, the present study examined the relationships between cyberbullying victimisation and psychological distress, suicidality, self-rated poor mental health and substance use among adolescents, and tested whether parent–child relationship and child's sex would moderate these relationships.

Methods

Self-report data on experiences of cyberbullying victimisation, self-rated poor mental health, psychological distress, suicidality and substance use were derived from the 2013 Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey, a province-wide school-based survey of students in grades 7 through 12 aged 11–20 years (N = 5478). Logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, subjective socioeconomic status and involvement in physical fighting, bullying victimisation and perpetration at school.

Results

Cyberbullying victimisation was associated with self-rated poor mental health (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.15; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.64–2.81), psychological distress (OR 2.41; 95% CI 1.90–3.06), suicidal ideation (OR 2.38; 95% CI 1.83–3.08) and attempts (OR 2.07; 95% CI 1.27–3.38), smoking tobacco cigarette (OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.45–2.65), cannabis use (OR 1.82; 95% CI 1.32–2.51), and binge drinking (OR 1.44; 95% CI 1.03–2.02). The association between cyberbullying victimisation and psychological distress was modified by parent–child relationship and child's sex (three-way interaction term p < 0.05). The association between cyberbullying victimisation and psychological distress was much stronger among boys who have a negative relationship with their parents.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that cyberbullying victimisation is strongly associated with psychological distress in most adolescents with the exception of males who get along well with their parents. Further research using a longitudinal design is necessary to disentangle the interrelationship among child's sex, parent–child relationship, cyberbullying victimisation and mental health outcomes among adolescents in order to improve ongoing mental health prevention efforts.
The Open‐Ocean Side of the Malvinas Current in Argo Floats and 24 Years of Mercator Ocean High‐Resolution (1/12) Physical Reanalysis
Authors: Artana Camila , Lellouche Jean‐Michel , Sennéchael Nathalie , Provost Christine
Published: November 2018

Downstream of Drake Passage, the northern branches of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, the Polar Front and the Subantarctic Front, veer northward and the latter forms the Malvinas Current (MC). The MC flows along the continental slope up to 38°S where it loops southward as the Malvinas Return Flow. Using 24 years of Mercator Ocean physical reanalysis outputs and Argo float data, we explore the open‐ocean side of the MC. We observe the occurrence of blocking events at 49°S, a region where the MC is exposed to the warm and salty anticyclonic anomalies propagating westward along the steep slope of the Malvinas Escarpment. During these events, the MC is cut off from its source, and the MC transport is considerably reduced at 49°S. The open‐ocean side of the MC is regularly supplied with cold polar waters from the Polar front.The polar waters accumulate and recirculate between the MC and the Malvinas Return Flow. The water characteristics of the recirculation region change over time. The recirculation region hosts significantly lighter and fresher waters during the period 1997–2003 compared with prior and later years. The 1997–2003 salinity minimum in the recirculation region corresponds to a period with reduced feeding events at 49°S.
Decadal Delays in Groundwater Recovery from Nitrate Contamination Caused by Low O2 Reduction Rates
Authors: Wild Lisa M. , Mayer Bernhard , Einsiedl Florian
Published: November 2018

Nitrate (NO
) is one of the main pollutants in agriculturally impacted groundwater systems. The availability and reactivity of electron donors control the prevalent redox conditions in aquifers and past nitrate contamination of groundwater can be ameliorated if denitrification occurs. Using aqueous geochemistry data and the stable isotope composition of dissolved nitrate (δ15N and δ18O), we found that nitrate concentrations above the World Health Organization drinking water guideline were caused predominantly by manure and to a lesser extent by synthetic fertilizer applications and that denitrification was not a significant nitrate removal process in an aquifer in southern Germany underlying agricultural land with intensive hog farming. We also applied environmental isotopes (δ2H and δ18O, 3H/3He, and 14C) linked with a lumped parameter approach to determine apparent mean transit times (MTT) of groundwater that ranged from <5 years to >100 years. Furthermore, we determined low reduction rates of dissolved oxygen (O2) of 0.015 1/year for first‐order kinetics. By extrapolating the O2 reduction rates beyond the apparent MTT ranges of sampled groundwater, denitrification lag times (time prior to commencement of denitrification) of approximately 114 years were determined. This suggests that it will take many decades to significantly reduce nitrate concentrations in the porous aquifer via denitrification, even if future nitrate inputs were significantly reduced.
Low loss photonic nanocavity via dark magnetic dipole resonant mode near metal
Authors: Liu Ning , Silien Christophe , Sun Greg , Corbett Brian
Published: November 2018

The dielectric-semiconductor-dielectric-metal 4 layered structure is a well-established configuration to support TM hybrid plasmonic modes, which have demonstrated significant advantages over pure photonic modes in structures without metal to achieve low loss resonant cavities at sub-diffraction limited volumes. The photonic modes with TE characteristics supported by the same 4 layered structure, on the other hand, are less studied. Here we show that a low loss photonic mode with TE01 characteristics exists in the dielectric-semiconductor-dielectric-metal 4 layered structure if a truncated cylindrical disk is chosen as the semiconductor core. This mode exhibits the lowest cavity loss among all resonant modes, including both pure photonic and hybrid plasmonic modes, at cavity radius <150 nm and within the wavelength range 620 nm to 685 nm, with a footprint ~0.83 (λ/2neff)2, physical size ~0.47 (λ/2neff)3 and a mode volume down to 0.3 (λ/2neff)3. The low cavity loss of this TE01 mode is attributed to its substantially reduced radiation loss to the far field by the creation of image charges through the metal response. Because of the low mode penetration in the metal, this photonic mode show equally low cavity loss near industry relevant metals such as Cu. Our study demonstrates an alternative to hybrid plamonic modes and metallo-dielectric modes to achieve low loss cavities with extremely small footprints.
Phosphorescent Energy Downshifting for Diminishing Surface Recombination in Silicon Nanowire Solar Cells
Authors: Kim Hyun-Tak , Lee Kangmin , Jin Wonjoo , Um Han-Don , Lee Minsoo , Hwang Eunhye , Kwon Tae-Hyuk , Seo Kwanyong
Published: November 2018

Molecularly engineered Ir(III) complexes can transfer energy from short-wavelength photons (λ < 450 nm) to photons of longer wavelength (λ > 500 nm), which can enhance the otherwise low internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of crystalline Si (c-Si) nanowire solar cells (NWSCs) in the short-wavelength region. Herein, we demonstrate a phosphorescent energy downshifting system using Ir(III) complexes at short wavelengths (300–450 nm) to diminish the severe surface recombination that occurs in c-Si NWSCs. The developed Ir(III) complexes can be considered promising energy converters because they exhibit superior intrinsic properties such as a high quantum yield, a large Stokes shift, a long exciton diffusion length in crystalline film, and a reproducible synthetic procedure. Using the developed Ir(III) complexes, highly crystalline energy downshifting layers were fabricated by ultrasonic spray deposition to enhance the photoluminescence efficiency by increasing the radiative decay. With the optimized energy downshifting layer, our 1 cm2 c-Si NWSCs with Ir(III) complexes exhibited a higher IQE value for short-wavelength light (300–450 nm) compared with that of bare Si NWSCs without Ir(III) complexes, resulting in a notable increase in the short-circuit current density (from 34.4 mA·cm−2 to 36.5 mA·cm−2).
Author Correction: Involvement of Innate Immune System in Late Stages of Inherited Photoreceptor Degeneration
Authors: Sudharsan Raghavi , Beiting Daniel P. , Aguirre Gustavo D. , Beltran William A.
Published: November 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Superhydrophobic lab-on-chip measures secretome protonation state and provides a personalized risk assessment of sporadic tumour
Authors: Malara N. , Gentile F. , Coppedè N. , Coluccio M. L. , Candeloro P. , Perozziello G. , Ferrara L. , Giannetto M. , Careri M. , Castellini A. , Mignogna C. , Presta I. , Pirrone C. K. , Maisano D. , Donato A. , Donato G. , Greco M. , Scumaci D. , Cuda G. , Casale F. , Ferraro E. , Bonacci S. , Trunzo V. , Mollace V. , Onesto V. , Majewska R. , Amato F. , Renne M. , Innaro N. , Sena G. , Sacco R. , Givigliano F. , Voci C. , Volpentesta G. , Guzzi G. , Lavano A. , Scali E. , Bottoni U. , Di Fabrizio E.
Published: November 2018

Secretome of primary cultures is an accessible source of biological markers compared to more complex and less decipherable mixtures such as serum or plasma. The protonation state (PS) of secretome reflects the metabolism of cells and can be used for cancer early detection. Here, we demonstrate a superhydrophobic organic electrochemical device that measures PS in a drop of secretome derived from liquid biopsies. Using data from the sensor and principal component analysis (PCA), we developed algorithms able to efficiently discriminate tumour patients from non-tumour patients. We then validated the results using mass spectrometry and biochemical analysis of samples. For the 36 patients across three independent cohorts, the method identified tumour patients with high sensitivity and identification as high as 100% (no false positives) with declared subjects at-risk, for sporadic cancer onset, by intermediate values of PS. This assay could impact on cancer risk management, individual’s diagnosis and/or help clarify risk in healthy populations.
In vivo multiphoton microscopy detects longitudinal metabolic changes associated with delayed skin wound healing
Authors: Jones Jake D. , Ramser Hallie E. , Woessner Alan E. , Quinn Kyle P.
Published: November 2018

Chronic wounds are difficult to diagnose and characterize due to a lack of quantitative biomarkers. Label-free multiphoton microscopy has emerged as a useful imaging modality capable of quantifying changes in cellular metabolism using an optical redox ratio of FAD/(NADH+FAD) autofluorescence. However, the utility of an optical redox ratio for long-term in vivo monitoring of tissue metabolism has not been robustly evaluated. In this study, we demonstrate how multiphoton microscopy can be used to monitor changes in the metabolism of individual full-thickness skin wounds in vivo. 3D optical redox ratio maps and NADH fluorescence lifetime images identify differences between diabetic and control mice during the re-epithelialization of wounds. These metabolic changes are associated with a transient increase in keratinocyte proliferation at the wound edge. Our study demonstrates that high-resolution, non-invasive autofluorescence imaging can be performed in vivo and that optical redox ratios can serve as quantitative optical biomarkers of impaired wound healing.
High content organelle trafficking enables disease state profiling as powerful tool for disease modelling
Authors: Pal Arun , Glaß Hannes , Naumann Marcel , Kreiter Nicole , Japtok Julia , Sczech Ronny , Hermann Andreas
Published: November 2018

Neurodegenerative diseases pose a complex field with various neuronal subtypes and distinct differentially affected intra-neuronal compartments. Modelling of neurodegeneration requires faithful in vitro separation of axons and dendrites, their distal and proximal compartments as well as organelle tracking with defined retrograde versus anterograde directionality. We use microfluidic chambers to achieve compartmentalization and established high throughput live organelle imaging at standardized distal and proximal axonal readout sites in iPSC-derived spinal motor neuron cultures from human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients to study trafficking phenotypes of potential disease relevance. Our semi-automated pipeline of organelle tracking with FIJI and KNIME yields quantitative, multiparametric high content phenotypic signatures of organelle morphology and their trafficking in axons. We provide here the resultant large datasets to enable systemic signature interrogations for comprehensive and predictive disease modelling, mechanistic dissection and secondary hit validation (e.g. drug screens, genetic screens). Due to the nearly complete coverage of analysed motility events, our quantitative method yields a bias-free statistical power superior over common analyses of a handful of manual kymographs.
RNA-seq transcriptomic profiling of crassulacean acid metabolism pathway in Dendrobium catenatum
Authors: Zou Long-Hai , Wan Xiao , Deng Hua , Zheng Bao-Qiang , Li Bai-Jun , Wang Yan
Published: November 2018

The regulation of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) pathway has recently become a topic of intensive research and has been explored in terms of several aspects, including phylogenetics, genomics, and transcriptomics. Orchidaceae, which contains approximately 9,000 CAM species, is one of the largest lineages using this special photosynthetic pathway. However, no comprehensive transcriptomic profiling focused on CAM regulation in orchid species had previously been performed. In this report, we present two Illumina RNA-seq datasets, including a total of 24 mature leaf samples with 844.4 million reads, from Dendrobium catenatum (Orchidaceae), a facultative CAM species. The first dataset was generated from a time-course experiment based on the typical CAM phases in a diel. The second was derived from an experiment on drought stress and stress removal. A series of quality assessments were conducted to verify the reliability of the datasets. These transcriptomic profiling datasets will be useful to explore and understand the essence of CAM regulation.
PaleoClim, high spatial resolution paleoclimate surfaces for global land areas
Authors: Brown Jason L. , Hill Daniel J. , Dolan Aisling M. , Carnaval Ana C. , Haywood Alan M.
Published: November 2018

High-resolution, easily accessible paleoclimate data are essential for environmental, evolutionary, and ecological studies. The availability of bioclimatic layers derived from climatic simulations representing conditions of the Late Pleistocene and Holocene has revolutionized the study of species responses to Late Quaternary climate change. Yet, integrative studies of the impacts of climate change in the Early Pleistocene and Pliocene – periods in which recent speciation events are known to concentrate – have been hindered by the limited availability of downloadable, user-friendly climatic descriptors. Here we present PaleoClim, a free database of downscaled paleoclimate outputs at 2.5-minute resolution (~5 km at equator) that includes surface temperature and precipitation estimates from snapshot-style climate model simulations using HadCM3, a version of the UK Met Office Hadley Centre General Circulation Model. As of now, the database contains climatic data for three key time periods spanning from 3.3 to 0.787 million years ago: the Marine Isotope Stage 19 (MIS19) in the Pleistocene (~787 ka), the mid-Pliocene Warm Period (~3.264–3.025 Ma), and MIS M2 in the Late Pliocene (~3.3 Ma).
A dual-responsive hyperbranched supramolecular polymer constructed by cooperative host–guest recognition and hydrogen-bond interactions
Authors: Jiang Yu-Qin , Wu Kai , Zhang Qian , Li Ke-Qing , Li Yan-Yan , Xin Peng-Yang , Zhang Wei-Wei , Guo Hai-Ming
Published: November 2018

A pillar[5]arene-based dual-responsive hyperbranched supramolecular polymer constructed by cooperative host–guest recognition and hydrogen-bond interactions.
Organic semiconducting nanoprobe with redox-activatable NIR-II fluorescence forin vivoreal-time monitoring of drug toxicity
Authors: Tang Yufu , Li Yuanyuan , Wang Zhen , Pei Feng , Hu Xiaoming , Ji Yu , Li Xiang , Zhao Hui , Hu Wenbo , Lu Xiaomei , Fan Quli , Huang Wei
Published: November 2018

A nitric-oxide-activatable organic semiconducting nanoprobe was developed forin vivo,in situ, real-time and non-invasive NIR-II fluorescence monitoring of drug-dose-dependent hepatotoxicity.
Accurate calculation of optically induced birefringences in chiral systems using efficient polarized basis sets
Authors: Baranowska-Łączkowska Angelika , Fernández Berta
Published: November 2018

The present project gives the first CCSD estimates of universal molecular parameters entering the expressions for various optically induced birefringences in chiral molecules.
Optical properties of magnesium nanorods using time dependent density functional theory calculations
Authors: Mokkath Junais Habeeb
Published: November 2018

Plasmonic nanostructures made of Earth-abundant and low-cost metals such as aluminum and magnesium have recently emerged as a potential alternative candidate to conventional plasmonic metals such as gold and silver.
Kinetic arrest of front transformation to gain access to the bulk glass transition in ultrathin films of vapour-deposited glasses
Authors: Ràfols-Ribé Joan , Vila-Costa Ana , Rodríguez-Tinoco Cristian , Lopeandía Aitor F. , Rodríguez-Viejo Javier , Gonzalez-Silveira Marta
Published: November 2018

Capping as an strategy to improve thermal stability of ultrastable glasses.
Cationic abnormal N-heterocyclic carbene ruthenium complexes as suitable precursors for the synthesis of heterobimetallic compounds
Authors: Pardatscher Lorenz , Bitzer Mario J. , Jandl Christian , Kück Jens W. , Reich Robert M. , Kühn Fritz E. , Baratta Walter
Published: November 2018

Heterobimetallic dicarbene compounds are easily prepared fromcationicimidazolyl-based abnormal N-heterocyclic carbene ruthenium complexes which allow facile metallation.
Ionic conductivity and structure of M1−xPbxF2(M = Ca, Sr, Ba) solid solutions prepared by ball milling
Authors: Düvel Andre
Published: November 2018

Closing of miscibility gap of the CaF2–PbF2system and different fluoride ion conductivities of α-PbF2and β-PbF2grain boundary regions.
Unveiling reactive metal sites in a Pd pincer MOF: insights into Lewis acid and pore selective catalysis
Authors: Reiner Benjamin R. , Kassie Abebu A. , Wade Casey R.
Published: November 2018

NOBF4 enables efficient oxidative ligand exchange in a Pd pincer MOF, generating a highly active and recyclable Lewis acid catalyst.
Cyanoferrocenes as redox-active metalloligands for coordination-driven self-assembly
Authors: Wilkinson Luke A. , Yue Thomas T. C. , Massey Emma , White Andrew J. P. , Long Nicholas J.
Published: November 2018

An improved synthetic protocol to cyanoferrocenes is presented along with their coordination to copper(i) salts. The redox and structural properties of the complexes are investigated, alongside the lability of the metalloligands.
Combining steam distillation with microwave-assisted pyrolysis to maximise direct production of levoglucosenone from agricultural wastes
Authors: Bouxin Florent P. , Clark James H. , Fan Jiajun , Budarin Vitaliy
Published: November 2018

The favourable impact of using a wet waste stream of agricultural residues in a biorefinery was studied through a combination of pyrolysis and self-induced steam distillation of hemicellulose depleted barley straw.
Electrochemical preparation and applications of copper(i) acetylides: a demonstration of how electrochemistry can be used to facilitate sustainability in homogeneous catalysis
Authors: Seavill Peter W. , Holt Katherine B. , Wilden Jonathan D.
Published: November 2018

Electrochemical control has been utilised to facilitate the release and recovery of CuI catalysts mediating Glaser–Hay alkyne dimerization.
A new experimental setup for time- and laterally-resolved X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy in a ‘single shot’
Authors: Kulow A. , Witte S. , Beyer S. , Guilherme Buzanich A. , Radtke M. , Reinholz U. , Riesemeier H. , Streli C.
Published: November 2018

A new, simple and adjustable setup allows scanning-free XAS for time-resolved studies of structural changes in chemical compounds.
Cross-talk between emulsion drops: how are hydrophilic reagents transported across oil phases?
Authors: Etienne Gianluca , Vian Antoine , Biočanin Marjan , Deplancke Bart , Amstad Esther
Published: November 2018

We demonstrate that small aqueous drops form in surfactant-containing oils that are in contact with aqueous phases. These drops transport even large reagents across oil shells of double emulsions, resulting in cross-contamination. This can be reduced by using appropriate surfactants or by reducing the shell thickness below 1 μm.
A technique-driven materials categorisation scheme to support regulatory identification of nanomaterials
Authors: Gaillard Claire , Mech Agnieszka , Wohlleben Wendel , Babick Frank , Hodoroaba Vasile-Dan , Ghanem Antoine , Weigel Stefan , Rauscher Hubert
Published: November 2018

Matching the performance profiles of particle sizing techniques with the material property profiles allows selecting the most appropriate technique and enables proper identification of nanomaterials.
pH-Rate profiles establish that polyketide synthase dehydratase domains utilize a single-base mechanism
Authors: Xie Xinqiang , Cane David E.
Published: November 2018

PKS dehydratases utilize a one-base mechanism.
Synchronous sensing of three conserved sequences of Zika virus using a DNAs@MOF hybrid: experimental and molecular simulation studies
Authors: Xie Bao-Ping , Qiu Gui-Hua , Sun Bin , Yang Zi-Feng , Zhang Wen-Hua , Chen Jin-Xiang , Jiang Zhi-Hong
Published: November 2018

A metal–organic framework of Cu(ii) has been prepared and impregnated with three dye-labeled DNA sequences. The hybrid material formed is capable of synchronous detection of three conserved Zika virus RNA sequences.
Sandwich structured poly(vinylidene fluoride)/polyacrylate elastomers with significantly enhanced electric displacement and energy density
Authors: Chen Jie , Wang Yifei , Xu Xinwei , Yuan Qibin , Niu Yujuan , Wang Qing , Wang Hong
Published: November 2018

A multilayered film is capable of an ultra-high energy density of 20.9 J cm−3 with an efficiency of 72%, outperforming the current ferroelectric polymers.
Open‐circuit fault diagnosis method for the T‐type inverter based on analysis of the switched bridge voltage
Authors: Chen Danjiang , Liu Yutian , Zhang Shaozhong
Published: November 2018

Multilevel inverter topologies have been widely used in applications of wide‐power range. Therefore, fault diagnosis of such circuits is becoming more and more important. The T‐type topology, which is one of many multilevel topologies, has an advantage in terms of efficiency compared to the neutral‐point‐clamped type. This study proposes a new diagnosis method of an open‐circuit (OC) fault for a three‐level T‐type inverter (3LT2I). The proposed method is achieved by measuring the bridge voltage and its duration time. The bridge voltage includes information of switching states of 3LT2I but not affected by the load. First, according to polarity of the reference voltage and corresponding phase current, working period of the 3LT2I is divided into four working regions. Then, the bridge voltage is analysed in detail when an OC fault occurs in different working regions. At last, a fault diagnosis circuit is designed to achieve automatic diagnosis for the OC fault. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method can identify the faulty switch exactly and quickly.
Performance comparison of Si IGBT and SiC MOSFET power devices based LCL three‐phase inverter with double closed‐loop control
Authors: Liu Yitao , Jiang Shiqi , Jin Dianheng , Peng Jianchun
Published: November 2018

Grid‐connected inverters are essential equipment for DC–AC energy conversion between renewable energy generation and power grids, and their performance directly affects the stability of the operation of the power grid. Compared to the traditional L or LC filter, LCL filter is widely used in the grid‐connected inverter due to its harmonic attenuation performance and system stability. Because of the requirements for higher switching frequency to increase the power density and reduce the cost of the inverter. Compared to the traditional silicon (Si) insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) power device, the silicon carbide (SiC) metal–oxide–semiconductor field‐effect transistor (MOSFET) has shown apparent advantages in high‐power density inverters with a high switching frequency. This study first analyses and compares the suppression effects of passive damping methods on the resonance peak of the LCL filter; then, a double‐current closed‐loop control strategy as the active damping control is applied in the LCL filter three‐phase grid‐connected inverter; finally, the experimental platforms of IGBT inverter and SiC MOSFET inverter are built, and the filtering performances of the two inverters are compared. The experimental results show that the double‐closed‐loop control method significantly reduces the system harmonics and confirms the feasibility of the control strategy.
Characterizing young protostellar disks with the CALYPSO IRAM-PdBI survey: large Class 0 disks are rare
Authors: Maury A. J. , André Ph. , Testi L. , Maret S. , Belloche A. , Hennebelle P. , Cabrit S. , Codella C. , Gueth F. , Podio L. , Anderl S. , Bacmann A. , Bontemps S. , Gaudel M. , Ladjelate B. , Lefèvre C. , Tabone B. , Lefloch B.
Published: November 2018

Context.Understanding the formation mechanisms of protoplanetary disks and multiple systems and also their pristine properties are key questions for modern astrophysics. The properties of the youngest disks, embedded in rotating infalling protostellar envelopes, have largely remained unconstrained up to now.

Aims.We aim to observe the youngest protostars with a spatial resolution that is high enough to resolve and characterize the progenitors of protoplanetary disks. This can only be achieved using submillimeter and millimeter interferometric facilities. In the framework of the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer survey CALYPSO, we have obtained subarcsecond observations of the dust continuum emission at 231 and 94 GHz for a sample of 16 solar-type Class 0 protostars.

Methods.In an attempt to identify disk-like structures embedded at small scales in the protostellar envelopes, we modeled the dust continuum emission visibility profiles using Plummer-like envelope models and envelope models that include additional Gaussian disk-like components.

Results.Our analysis shows that in the CALYPSO sample, 11 of the 16 Class 0 protostars are better reproduced by models including a disk-like dust continuum component contributing to the flux at small scales, but less than 25% of these candidate protostellar disks are resolved at radii >60 au. Including all available literature constraints on Class 0 disks at subarcsecond scales, we show that our results are representative: most (>72% in a sample of 26 protostars) Class 0 protostellar disks are small and emerge only at radii <60 au. We find a multiplicity fraction of the CALYPSO protostars ≲57% ± 10% at the scales 100–5000 au, which generally agrees with the multiplicity properties of Class I protostars at similar scales.

Conclusions.We compare our observational constraints on the disk size distribution in Class 0 protostars to the typical disk properties from protostellar formation models. If Class 0 protostars contain similar rotational energy as is currently estimated for prestellar cores, then hydrodynamical models of protostellar collapse systematically predict a high occurrence of large disks. Our observations suggest that these are rarely observed, however. Because they reduce the centrifugal radius and produce a disk size distribution that peaks at radii <100 au during the main accretion phase, magnetized models of rotating protostellar collapse are favored by our observations.
Ring structure in the MWC 480 disk revealed by ALMA
Authors: Liu Yao , Dipierro Giovanni , Ragusa Enrico , Lodato Giuseppe , Herczeg Gregory J. , Long Feng , Harsono Daniel , Boehler Yann , Menard Francois , Johnstone Doug , Pascucci Ilaria , Pinilla Paola , Salyk Colette , van der Plas Gerrit , Cabrit Sylvie , Fischer William J. , Hendler Nathan , Manara Carlo F. , Nisini Brunella , Rigliaco Elisabetta , Avenhaus Henning , Banzatti Andrea , Gully-Santiago Michael
Published: November 2018

Gap-like structures in protoplanetary disks are likely related to planet formation processes. In this paper, we present and analyze high-resolution (0.17′′× 0.11′′) 1.3 mm ALMA continuum observations of the protoplanetary disk around the Herbig Ae star MWC 480. Our observations show for the first time a gap centered at ~74 au with a width of ~23 au, surrounded by a bright ring centered at ~98 au from the central star. Detailed radiative transfer modeling of the ALMA image and the broadband spectral energy distribution is used to constrain the surface density profile and structural parameters of the disk. If the width of the gap corresponds to 4–8 times the Hill radius of a single forming planet, then the putative planet would have a mass of 0.4–3 MJ. We test this prediction by performing global three-dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamic gas/dust simulations of disks hosting a migrating and accreting planet. We find that the dust emission across the disk is consistent with the presence of an embedded planet with a mass of ~2.3 MJ at an orbital radius of ~78 au. Given the surface density of the best-fit radiative transfer model, the amount of depleted mass in the gap is higher than the mass of the putative planet, which satisfies the basic condition for the formation of such a planet.
A generalized DEA model for inputs (outputs) estimation under inter-temporal dependence
Authors: Ghobadi Saeid
Published: November 2018

This paper extended the inverse Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to the framework of dynamic DEA. The following question is studied under inter-temporal dependence assumption: among a set of decision making units (DMUs), to what extent should the input (output) levels of the DMU change if the efficiency index of a DMU remains unchanged, yet the output (input) levels change? This question is answered using (periodic weak) Pareto solutions of multiple-objective linear programming (MOLP) problems in the framework of dynamic DEA. In this study, unlike other proposed methods, the simultaneous increase and decrease of the various input (output) levels are considered under inter-temporal dependence. In addition, a numerical example with real data is provided to illustrate the objective of this research.
A Retrospective Comparative Study of Different Methods of Blood Management in Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Pappa Eleni , Vergados Nikolaos , Spiridakis Emanouil , Chountas George , Apostolopoulou Anna , Sourmelis Savas
Published: November 2018

Perioperative blood management is essential to minimize allogeneic blood transfusion in total knee replacement. The effect of preoperative administration of erythropoietin, intraoperative cell saver, tranexamic acid, and restrictive transfusion strategies on allogeneic transfusion is studied in total knee replacement. A retrospective comparative study of 106 patients who underwent total knee replacement in different time periods was performed. Group A (n
1 = 45) underwent restrictive strategies of transfusion between 2009 and 2010. Group B (n
2 = 24) includes patients where erythropoietin of either 10.000 IU or 20.000 IU was given preoperatively. Patients of Group C (n
3 = 21) underwent autologous washed erythrocytes transfusion through a cell saver. Lastly, in Group D (n
4 = 15) tranexamic acid dose of 1 gr IV was given intraoperatively. The preoperative and discharge hemoglobin together with total units of blood transfusion and creatinine levels was studied. Tranexamic acid noted the least units of blood transfusion (mean = 0.82 units/patient, p < 0.001, CI 95%) in contrast to the two regimens of erythropoietin (1.16 units/patient) OrthoPAT (1.43 units/patient) and restrictive strategies (1.92 units/patient). The mean preoperative hemoglobin was 13.37 g/dL with no statistical difference among the groups of patients. The postoperative mean hemoglobin was 10.59 with no statistical difference among the groups of patients too. Additionally, the mean creatinine level was 0.93 mg/dL; however, no statistical difference among the groups of patients was noted. Finally, tranexamic acid seemed to be the most cost-effective regime. In our study, tranexamic acid proved its superiority concerning the postoperative blood transfusion on patients undergoing total knee replacement, in comparison with the other existing methods of perioperative blood management. This is a Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Schmerztherapeutische Aspekte bei Tumoroperationen
Authors: Wirz Stefan , Schenk Michael , Kieselbach Kristin
Published: November 2018

Trotz einer Vielzahl von Therapieoptionen wird die Akutschmerztherapie nach onkologischen Operationen häufig als unzureichend beschrieben. Neben einer unzureichenden Akutschmerztherapie können weitere Faktoren eine Hypersensitivierung und Chronifizierung sowie den Verlauf der Tumorerkrankung beeinflussen. Dieser Beitrag erklärt pathophysiologische Hintergründe und erläutert geeignete Therapiemodalitäten.
Surface plasmon-enhanced near-field thermal rectification in graphene-based structures
Authors: Xu Guoding , Sun Jian , Mao Hongmin , Pan Tao
Published: November 2018

We propose a thermal rectification structure composed of InSb and graphene-coated 3C-SiC separated by a nanoscale vacuum gap. To obtain an obvious thermal rectification effect, the permittivities of these materials are all considered to be temperature-dependent. Numerical calculations based on fluctuation electrodynamics reveal that the introduction of graphene into the structure enhances significantly near-field radiative heat flux and thermal rectification efficiency owing to the strong coupling of surface plasmon-polaritons between InSb and graphene. In general, the rectification efficiency above 60% can be maintained for the vacuum gap less than 70 nm. The rectification efficiency exceeding 95% is realized for a vacuum gap of 10 nm and a chemical potential of 0.1 eV. Increasing the emitter’s temperature leads to the drastic increase of the rectification efficiency in a wider temperature range. A lower chemical potential seems more favorable to raising rapidly the rectification efficiency. The above results might be helpful in designing a thermal diode with higher efficiency and wider vacuum gap.
Double dissociation of single-interval and rhythmic temporal prediction in cerebellar degeneration and Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Breska Assaf , Ivry Richard B.
Published: November 2018

Significance

The brain uses temporal regularities to anticipate the timing of future events, and adjust attention and action accordingly. We investigated whether subsecond temporal predictions formed in two distinct predictive contexts, when the stream of events is rhythmic or when the specific interval between two events is known, are functionally and neurally distinct. We show that individuals with cerebellar dysfunction were impaired in forming temporal predictions based on single intervals, but not in rhythmic contexts. In contrast, individuals with basal ganglia dysfunction resulting from Parkinson’s disease showed the reverse pattern. This double dissociation constitutes causal evidence in favor of distinct computational and neural mechanisms for interval- and rhythm-based temporal prediction, and highlights the contribution of these subcortical structures to attentional orienting.
What’s political Twitter talking about?
Authors: Hedding Kylah J. , Ripka Kevin
Published: November 2018

This study explicates the concept of news media agendamelding. While only one-quarter of U.S. adults are on Twitter, it remains a
popular platform among news media and political elites who often still set the public agenda for political discourse. Twitter
provides insights into the issues that are at the top of the media and policy agendas, as well as how social media might influence
the way journalists approach political issues. At the same time, there is concern about the influence of social media on political
polarization. This study uses a specific set of influential Twitter users to examine one main question: Were there differences
between right, left, and center political media reactions during the 2016 presidential debates? This study provides further
evidence that there is, in fact, a conservative political Twitter media agenda that exists separately from liberal or nonpartisan
media outlets.
Patient-centred cognition metrology
Authors: Cano S J , Melin J , Fisher WP , Stenner AJ , Pendrill LR
Published: November 2018

We have yet to realise reconciliation between metrology in the physical sciences and measurement practices in the social sciences. Here, we build on our previous arguments by proposing a psychometric methodology to support metrology in the social sciences. This will be exemplified in the European EMPIR NeuroMet 15HLT04 project, part of which exploits causal Rasch models, novel construct specification equations, and subsequent improved patient centred cognition measurement in support of healthcare and policy decision-making in Alzheimer’s disease. In addition, the programme’s goal of forming key stakeholder networks, including clinicians, instrument manufactures, biopharma, national and international organisations, will ensure consistent uptake of the new measurement methods.