bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OPTICAL BISTABILITY IN A DEGENERATE TWO-LEVEL EIT MEDIUM UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF AN EXTERNAL MAGNETIC FIELD: AN ANALYTICAL APPROACH
Authors: Phuong Le Thi Minh , Khoa Dinh Xuan , Bang Nguyen Huy , Thanh Thai Doan , Anh Nguyen Tuan , Hien Nguyen Thi Thu , Dong Hoang Minh
Published: July 2021

We investigate the behavior of optical bistability in a degenerate two-level atomic medium using an external magnetic field to separate the lower level into two distinct levels that both connect to an upper level by the probe and coupling laser fields. Based on analytical solutions, the absorption spectrum and behavior of optical bistability in an electromagnetically induced transparency regime under an external magnetic field are investigated. By controlling the external magnetic field, we find that the appearance and disappearance of the optical bistability can be easily controlled according to the strength of the magnetic field in the transparent window domain. Furthermore, the effects of the intensity of the coupling laser field and the parameters of the system on the behavior of optical bistability are also considered. The proposed model is useful for applications in all-optical switches and magneto-optic storage devices.
Photovoltaic Potential Analysis - Fuel Cell Hybrid Energy System for General-Purpose Building of Laboratory and Offices Using HOMER Software
Authors: Sivachandran R. Perumal  , Faizal Baharum  , Mohd Nasrun Mohd Nawi  , Mohd Faizal Omar
Published: July 2021

This paper presents a performance analysis of the potential study in complementing grid utility supply with the renewable energy system. A general-purpose building consisting of office and laboratory facility has been chosen as a test case with a hybrid system of fuel cell and solar photovoltaic cells installed in addition to the existing grid power supply. HOMER simulation software was used to run the simulations, and the results showed that only the photovoltaic system is more economical to be integrated into the system. Cost-saving from the feed-in-tariff point of view was observed spanning over several years after the initial capital cost was returned.
Investigation of Chip Formation and its Grain Structure using Vegetable Oil Based Lubricants
Authors: Roman Kalvin  , Juntakan Taweekun  , Muhammad Waqas Mustafa  , Saba Arif  , Abdullah Javed
Published: July 2021

This research aims to compare the chips formed by using different vegetable oil based lubricants such as coconut oil, cooking oil, hair oil etc. For this purpose, drilling was affordable and easy process which was used. The process was applied on AISI 1080 Mild Steel and chips and their grain structure were examined through Material Testing Microscope model TESCAN (MIRA 3 XMU Type) to check surface morphology. As a result of chip analysis through Material Testing Microscope; coconut oil gave better chip length with better grain structure. The lubricants or material can be changed to see the difference or resemblance of chip structure formed as a result.
Study of the Combustion Process of a Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) Engine and a Partially Premixed Combustion (PPC) Mode of a Compression Ignition Engine Using Natural Gas as an Alternative Fuel
Authors: Saliha Mohammed Belkebir  , Benyoucef Khelidj  , Miloud Tahar-Abbes
Published: July 2021

In order to investigate a viable approach to achieving high efficiencies and low nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions, this paper presents the application of a homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine and the partially premixed combustion (PPC) mode applied to a heavy diesel engine. The effect of carbon dioxide (CO2) fraction on combustion parameters was analyzed and discussed in detail. For this purpose, on the one hand, ANSYS CHEMKIN-Pro software was used to perform simulations of a closed homogeneous reactor under conditions relevant to HCCI engines, and on the other hand, ANSYS-Fluent software was used by adding a CO2 fraction varying from 20% to 58% to methane fuel to study 2D flow simulation by applying a PPC combustion mode to predict the distribution of various output parameters such as in-cylinder temperature, in-cylinder pressure and emissions. In comparison with the two presented models, it was found that the HCCI engine showed a lower NOX level than the PPC mode and this was due to the lower in-cylinder temperature in the HCCI engine.
TD 2663 - Ensino médio: contexto e reforma. Afinal, do que se trata?
Authors: Codes Ana Luiza Machado de , Fonseca Sérgio Luiz Doscher da , Araújo Herton Ellery
Published: July 2021

Este texto propõe-se a analisar a reforma do ensino médio no Brasil sob uma perspectiva
específica: seu potencial de ir além da tradicional tarefa de capacitar o estudante para
ingressar na universidade ou na carreira, passando a oferecer ao jovem uma formação
mais ampla e equilibrada, de modo a prepará-lo para a entrada na vida adulta. Ao refletir acerca de suas propostas, conteúdos e viabilidade, este estudo examina a existência
de potencialidades para a inserção de valores básicos e outros aspectos edificantes na
vida do estudante. Constata-se que, de fato, isso acontece, e é a Base Nacional Comum
Curricular (BNCC) que traz essa possibilidade para o bojo da reforma. As apreciações
feitas a respeito dessa política brasileira referenciam-se em pesquisas bibliográficas sobre
modelos e tendências recentes no debate sobre ensino médio e em experiências internacionais. Ao fim do trabalho, são feitas algumas considerações e sugestões para ajudar a implantação exitosa de suas propostas.
TD 2665 - Quando as janelas estão abertas: capacidade institucional da Sudene, Sudeco e Sudam na elaboração dos planos de desenvolvimento
Authors: Colombo Luciléia Aparecida
Published: July 2021

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar, por intermédio da teoria das políticas públicas, os planos de desenvolvimento regional, elaborados pelas Superintendências do Desenvolvimento do Nordeste (Sudene), da Amazônia (Sudam) e do Centro-Oeste (Sudeco). De forma secundária, verificamos três aspectos principais inerentes ao nosso objeto: em primeiro lugar, o alinhamento entre os planos e a Política Nacional de Desenvolvimento Regional (PNDR); ademais, a capacidade institucional das superintendências para formular e implementar as políticas descritas nos planos regionais e, finalmente, os diagnósticos contidos nestes planos no tocante ao desenvolvimento proposto. Metodologicamente, a teoria do ciclo de políticas públicas e da agenda são balizadoras, assim como adequadas para este estudo. Preliminarmente, podemos indicar que os planos regionais representam diretrizes importantes para a consecução de políticas públicas, mas é necessário haver a transição de uma agenda de governo para uma agenda de decisão.
Interrelation of the Environment of Lyα Emitters and Massive Galaxies at 2 < z < 4.5
Authors: Ito Kei , Kashikawa Nobunari , Tanaka Masayuki , Kubo Mariko , Liang Yongming , Toshikawa Jun , Uchiyama Hisakazu , Ishimoto Rikako , Yoshioka Takehiro , Takeda Yoshihiro
Published: July 2021

We present a comparison of the spatial distributions of Lyα emitters (LAEs) and massive star-forming and quiescent galaxies (SFGs and QGs) at 2 < z < 4.5. We use the photometric redshift catalog to select SFGs and QGs and an LAE catalog from intermediate/narrow bands obtained from the Subaru Telescope and Isaac Newton Telescope in the Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS). We derive the auto-/cross-correlation signals of SFGs, QGs, and LAEs and the galaxy overdensity distributions at the position of them. Whereas the cross-correlation signals of SFGs and QGs are explained solely by their halo mass differences, those of SFGs and LAEs are significantly lower than those expected from their autocorrelation signals, suggesting that some additional physical processes are segregating these two populations. Such segregation of SFGs and LAEs becomes stronger for rest-frame ultraviolet faint LAEs (M
UV > −20). From the overdensity distributions, LAEs are located in less dense regions than SFGs and QGs, whereas SFGs and QGs tend to be in the same overdensity distributions. The different spatial distributions of LAEs compared to those of massive galaxies may be attributed to assembly bias or large amounts of neutral hydrogen gas associated with massive halos. These results reinforce the importance of exploring multiple galaxy populations in quantifying the intrinsic galaxy environment of the high-z universe.
SILVERRUSH. IX. Lyα Intensity Mapping with Star-forming Galaxies at z = 5.7 and 6.6: A Possible Detection of Extended Lyα Emission at ≳100 Comoving Kiloparsecs around and beyond the Virial-radius Scale of Galaxy Dark Matter Halos
Authors: Kakuma Ryota , Ouchi Masami , Harikane Yuichi , Ono Yoshiaki , Inoue Akio K. , Komiyama Yutaka , Kusakabe Haruka , Lee Chien-Hsiu , Matsuda Yuichi , Matsuoka Yoshiki , Mawatari Ken , Momose Rieko , Shibuya Takatoshi , Taniguchi Yoshiaki
Published: July 2021

We present results of the cross-correlation Lyα intensity mapping with Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) ultra-deep narrowband images and Lyα emitters (LAEs) at z = 5.7 and 6.6 in a total area of 4 deg2. Although an overwhelming amount of data quality controls have been performed for the narrowband images, we further conduct extensive analyses evaluating systematics of large-scale point-spread function wings, sky subtractions, and unknown errors based on physically uncorrelated signals and sources found in real HSC images and object catalogs, respectively. Removing the systematics, we carefully calculate cross-correlations between Lyα intensity of the narrowband images and the LAEs. We tentatively identify very diffuse Lyα emission with the ≃3σ (≃2σ) significance at ≳100 comoving kiloparsecs (ckpc) far from the LAEs at z = 5.7 (6.6), around and probably even beyond a virial radius of star-forming galaxies with M
h ∼ 1011
M
⊙. The diffuse Lyα emission possibly extends up to 1000 ckpc with the surface brightness of 10−20–10−19 erg s−1 cm−2 arcsec−2. We confirm that the small-scale (<150 ckpc) Lyα radial profiles of LAEs are consistent with those obtained by recent Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer observations. Comparisons with numerical simulations suggest that the large-scale (∼150–1000 ckpc) Lyα emission are not explained by unresolved faint neighboring galaxies including satellites, but by a combination of Lyα photons emitted from the central LAE and other unknown sources, such as cold-gas streams and galactic outflow. We find no evolution in the Lyα radial profiles of our LAEs from z = 5.7 to 6.6, where theoretical models predict a flattening of the profile slope made by cosmic reionization, albeit with our moderately large observational errors.
Reconstruction With Achilles Tendon Allograft Using the Keyhole Technique for Chronic Triceps Insufficiency After Total Elbow Arthroplasty
Authors: Kwon Byung Taek , Lee Sung Hyun , Baik Jong Seok , Lee Yeong Chang , Kim Jeong Woo
Published: July 2021

Total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) is associated with a relatively high incidence of chronic triceps insufficiency, but there is difficulty in treatment. This case series describes reconstruction with Achilles allografts using the keyhole technique in patients with postoperative chronic triceps insufficiency. Fourteen patients who underwent reconstruction for triceps insufficiency after TEA were included in the study. During this procedure, a keyhole-shaped osteotomy was performed on the proximal olecranon, and a fragment of the calcaneal allograft was shaped into a bone plug to fit the olecranon. The clinical outcomes were assessed in all patients 12 months after reconstruction and at last follow-up (range, 13–54 months). After 12 months, patients had a mean Mayo Elbow Performance Score of 84.3 (range, 75–100), and all achieved a marked improvement compared with before reconstruction (mean, 42.7; range, 20–75). Seven, 4, and 3 patients achieved excellent, good, and fair outcomes, respectively. The mean extension peak torque of the operated-on arm was 34.91 Nm (range, 16.3–63.9 Nm), and the percentage of extension peak torque of the operated-on arm to the opposite arm was from 14.5% preoperative to 76.2% 12 months postoperative. This case series suggests that triceps reconstruction with an Achilles tendon using the keyhole technique is a useful treatment option for triceps insufficiency after TEA. [
Orthopedics
. 2021;44(4):e498–e502.]
The Comma Sign: An Anatomic Study
Authors: Dhanaraj Dinesh , Cable Brian , Hoge Connor G. , Kelly John D.
Published: July 2021

The “comma sign” is a comma-shaped arc of tissue located at the superolateral edge of the subscapularis at its insertion on the humeral head. It consists of the coracohumeral ligament (CHL) and the superior glenohumeral ligament (SGHL). It was recently recognized as an important landmark to aid surgeons in identifying the edge of a torn subscapularis tendon. The exact proportion of CHL and SGHL has not been precisely defined. The goal of this study was to dissect and more accurately define the composition of the comma tissue and its exact relationship to the subscapularis tendon. A total of 8 fresh frozen cadaveric shoulder specimens (mean age, 74 years; 5 male, 3 female) were dissected via a wide deltopectoral approach. Anatomic landmarks were identified, and measurements were taken with a digital caliper. The midpoint width of the SGHL and CHL and the composite insertion width of the subscapularis were measured. Measurements were taken 3 times each and averaged to calculate mean width. Mean midpoint width of the SGHL, CHL, and composite insertion was 5.99 mm (range, 5.25–6.91 mm), 5.13 mm (range, 4.28–5.72 mm), and 9.93 mm (range, 6.69–12.05 mm), respectively. The comma sign consists of approximately half SGHL (54%) and half CHL (46%) at its insertion to the subscapularis tendon, with an approximate width of 1 cm. With the increase in arthroscopic subscapularis repairs, knowledge of these dimensions will aid surgeons in discerning the comma tissue from other capsular elements and ultimately help in surgical restoration of native anatomy. [
Orthopedics
. 2021;44(4):e546–e548.]
Treatment of Kyphosis Arising Secondary to Laminectomy and Irradiation in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Rogers Nathan , Selberg Courtney , LaMotta Cara , Beebe Corey , Bloch Nikki , Erickson Mark , Donaldson Nathan J.
Published: July 2021

The effects of radiation therapy and laminectomy on the growing spine have been well documented. Due to compromised bone quality after irradiation, spinal fusion has a high failure rate. The aim of this study was to evaluate treatment of post-laminectomy and post-irradiation kyphosis in children using a vascularized rib graft (VRG) to augment anterior spinal fusion and posterior spinal fusion. Data were collected retrospectively from electronic medical records for all patients treated at a single institution for post-laminectomy and post-irradiation kyphosis who underwent VRG to augment spinal fusions done between December 2003 and August 2015. Five patients were included in the analysis. Imaging studies were analyzed by 2 senior pediatric orthopedic surgeons and a pediatric orthopedic surgery fellow. The outcome for all 5 patients who underwent VRG were considered successful at most recent clinical follow-up. Success was defined as the following: complete fusion evident through computed tomography scan, no implant failure, and no kyphosis progression. Follow-up ranged from 21 to 63 months. One patient experienced 2 complications: esophageal tear and deep infection. Spinal fusion with a VRG is a viable treatment option for children who have developed kyphosis following laminectomy and irradiation. On long-term follow-up, there has been no evidence of progression of kyphosis for patients who were treated with VRG in either the primary fusion procedure or in subsequent revision procedures. A VRG provides a non-irradiated, vascularized bone graft to bridge the irradiated segments, increasing the stability of the spine. [
Orthopedics
. 2021;44(4):e563–e569.]
The Comparative Effect of Age on Clinical Outcomes Following Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty and Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Shah Sarav S. , Fu Michael C. , Ling Daphne , Wong Alexandra , Warren Russell F. , Dines David M. , Dines Joshua S. , Gulotta Lawrence V. , Taylor Samuel A.
Published: July 2021

At many institutions, the pendulum has swung toward reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). Good results have been reported for patients older than 65 years with glenohumeral osteoarthritis with an intact rotator cuff, leading to questioning of the role of anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) in the elderly. The purpose of this study was to compare outcome measures between TSA and RTSA patients using minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and substantial clinical benefit (SCB) as a function of age. Primary TSA or RTSA patients with American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores at 2-year follow-up were retrospectively identified from a prospective database. Patients with a diagnosis of inflammatory arthritis, infection, proximal humerus fracture, or revision TSA were excluded. Patients were stratified by age as younger than 65 years, 65 to 74 years, and 75 years or older. A total of 659 TSA and 172 RTSA patients were included. Total shoulder arthroplasty had a larger improvement in ASES scores compared with RTSA in patients aged 65 to 74 years and 75 years and older (
P
=.04 and
P
<.01, respectively). In patients aged 75 years or older, the percentages of patients achieving MCID were similar (93.1% TSA and 92.3% RTSA;
P
=.53); however, a higher percentage of TSA patients achieved SCB vs RTSA patients (90.5% vs 76.9%;
P
=.01). This study highlights the importance of indications and a shared decision-making model to ensure patient satisfaction. The results support a trend that primary RTSA is a viable option for low-demand patients aged 75 years or older; however, appropriately indicated TSA offers a potential for greater improvement in ASES scores and is more successful at achieving SCB compared with RTSA at 2-year follow-up. [
Orthopedics
. 2021;44(4):e600–e606.]
Liposomal Bupivacaine Versus Standard Bupivacaine in the Adductor Canal for Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Hubler Collin P. , Bevil Kristin M. , Greiner Justin J. , Hetzel Scott J. , Borden Shelly B. , Cios Hubert A.
Published: July 2021

Peripheral nerve blocks are commonly used in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Liposomal bupivacaine is an extended-release anesthetic medication that maintains efficacy upwards of 72 hours. This study compared single-shot liposomal bupivacaine (LB) with the standard single-shot bupivacaine (SB) in a preoperative adductor canal block in TKA patients. A double-blind randomized, controlled trial at a single institution was performed in patients undergoing TKA. A standard preoperative single-shot adductor canal nerve injection was performed in 31 patients using 266 mg of liposomal bupivacaine (20 mL), whereas 32 patients received a standard formulation of 0.5% bupivacaine hydrogen chloride (20 mL). The primary outcome measure was postoperative gait velocity. Secondary outcomes included knee range of motion, pain scores, patient satisfaction, knee extension strength, opioid consumption, length of stay, and adverse events. There were no differences in baseline measures between groups. Improved pain ratings with activity (
P
=.009) were noted on postoperative day 1 with LB (mean, 4.4; SD, 2.0) compared with SB (mean, 5.9; SD, 2.6). Fewer opioids were used with LB compared with SB on postoperative day 1 (mean, 51.2 vs 66.1;
P
=.020) and on postoperative day 2 (mean, 39.5 vs 54.8;
P
=.016). No statistically significant differences in gait velocity, knee range of motion, knee extension strength, or patient satisfaction occurred. Peripheral nerve blockade with a single-shot adductor canal injection demonstrated improved pain scores with activity and diminished postoperative narcotic use when using LB compared with SB in TKA patients. There may be early postoperative advantages with LB as a single-shot injection in adductor canal blockade for patients undergoing TKA. [
Orthopedics
. 2021;44(4):249–255.]
Orthopedic Surgical Helmet Systems Significantly Impair Speech Intelligibility
Authors: Adams Nathaneal , Ludwigsen Daniel , Baes Travis , Srivastava Ajay , Atkinson Patrick , Atkinson Theresa
Published: July 2021

Surgical suits provide protection to orthopedic surgeons, but the suits and fan noise may interfere with communication between operative team members. The goal of this study was to quantify the fan sound and effect of the suit, fan, and N95 mask. Sound levels were measured using a specialized manikin and evaluated using preferred speech interference levels (PSILs), noise criterion (NC) ratings, and comparison with speech sound levels from the literature. Additionally, sound blocking due to the surgical suit was measured and combined effects of the fan and suit were described using a signal to noise ratio (SNR). The noise with the fan at medium and high speed was louder than average speech and the PSILs at these speeds were significantly higher than with the fan off. The fan NC rating of 50 to 60 exceeded the recommended range of 25 to 30 for operating rooms. The N95 mask, space suit, and distance between speaker and receiver all reduced the sound signal at the receiver's ear, with the worst case being full personal protective equipment on both and speaker distanced from receiver. The estimated SNR for the suit and fan system was negative for many frequency bands used in speech, indicating more noise than signal. Multiple measures indicated that the fan noises were at levels associated with speech interference. This noise combined with sound blocking provided by the suit produced SNRs commonly associated with noisy to very noisy environments. This study suggests the combined effects of the suit, fan, and distance may negatively impact operating room communication. [
Orthopedics
. 2021;44(4):208–214.]
La constitution d’un canon de l’opéra en Europe au XIXe siècle
Authors: Charle Christophe
Published: July 2021

Les multiples monographies sur l’évolution des répertoires des opéras en activité au XIXe et au XXe siècle permettent de mesurer statistiquement le processus de vieillissement croissant des opéras joués le plus fréquemment. La canonisation des succès anciens intervient principalement à partir de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle et s’accentue au XXe siècle. Cette fermeture à la nouveauté tient aux coûts croissants de représentation, à l’émergence d’un panthéon de compositeurs très peu renouvelé au fil des générations et au rôle croissant des organisateurs de spectacle, des vedettes du chant et des directeurs de salle. La diffusion des airs les plus célèbres, qui rend particulièrement populaires certains compositeurs notamment en Italie (Verdi), en France (Gounod, Bizet), en Allemagne (Wagner), plus tard en Russie et en Europe centrale, incite aussi à la reprise constante dans les festivals ou les médias, pour les publics les plus larges, des œuvres sélectionnées progressivement par la postérité. Ce processus rappelle celui de l’émergence des grands maîtres de la musique classique ou du canon de la grande peinture avant la rupture de la modernité, mais il présente des spécificités qui tiennent aux pesanteurs d’un spectacle mobilisant plusieurs arts (théâtre, décor, costume, musique, danse) et à l’internationalisation précoce des œuvres les plus jouées. Quelques scènes de référence servent de bancs d’essai au futur processus de canonisation, qui est rarement remis en cause comme cela peut être le cas pour d’autres arts, moins dépendants des institutions des grandes capitales culturelles européennes. Pour autant ce canon n’est jamais définitivement stabilisé et n’exclut pas des abandons, notamment lorsque les conditions de production rendent impossibles certaines reprises d’œuvres autrefois centrales. Ce renouvellement à la marge implique une sélectivité très forte pour les nouveaux entrants et impose aux œuvres les plus novatrices une reconnaissance très progressive.
Humanities and Social Sciences Scholars on the Campaign Trail: Between Expertise and Prophecy
Authors: Brissaud Constantin , Brun Éric
Published: July 2021

By analysing the interventions of humanities and social sciences (HSS) researchers and academics in national daily newspapers during the 2014 European electoral campaign, this article sheds new light on the development of “expertise” as a form of engagement of intellectuals in public space. While these scholars may be expected to lend their expertise, are they effectively doing this when they contribute to national generalist newspapers? This study focuses on the pieces they authored in the prominent newspapers Le Monde, Libération et Le Figaro – op-eds, interviews, columns, and analytical articles. The qualitative and quantitative study of the content of these productions reveals that discourses are rooted in the authors’ disciplines, but also, especially after the election results, that they manifest an inclination towards prophecy. While they leave little room for well-argued demonstration, newspaper articles draw their legitimacy from the expert competencies displayed by the author and collectively guaranteed by researchers as a professional body. In this limited framework, this collective capital point is at risk of being instrumentalized and/or devalued when used individually.
« Discipline », « progression », « gestes didactiques » Échanges croisés autour de trois concepts stratégiques pour les recherches actuelles en didactique du français
Authors: Dezutter Olivier , Elalouf Marie-Laure , Goff François Le
Published: July 2021

Trois chercheurs chevronnés représentant des domaines distincts de la didactique du français font ici le point sur trois concepts jugés particulièrement centraux dans de nombreux travaux actuels : celui de « discipline », qui interroge à la fois le contexte scientifique dans lequel s’inscrivent les didacticiens du français et la nature de leur rapport aux objets ; celui de « progression », qui interroge à la fois l’attention portée au développement cognitif des élèves et la cohérence longitudinale tant des objets enseignés que des modalités d’enseignement ; et celui de « geste », qui porte la focale sur la dimension empirique « micro » de la pratique enseignante.
Les concepts dans la recherche en didactique du français
Authors: Guernier Marie-Cécile
Published: July 2021

Pour se constituer scientifiquement comme champ de recherche, la didactique du français doit engager un travail épistémologique d’élaboration de concepts. C’est la problématique mise en débat par l’AIRDF lors de son 14e congrès en août 2019 à Lyon et dont cet article propose une synthèse. La question est abordée selon trois aspects : selon l’aspect diachronique nous observons comment la question de la conceptualisation en didactique du français est examinée dans des publications fondatrices. Selon l’aspect épistémologique nous examinons d’une part comment le concept de concept y est appréhendé (aspect no 2), et d’autre part, quelle heuristique développe l’activité de conceptualisation (aspect no 3).
Une approche instrumentale de la transposition didactique
Authors: Schneuwly Bernard , Ronveaux Christophe
Published: July 2021

Cette contribution présente une définition de la transposition didactique et un système conceptuel s’y rattachant forgé par notre équipe de recherche tout au long d’un programme de recherche de trente années. L’exposé des sept thèses suit l’ordre d’apparition des concepts qui se sont imposés au moment de formuler les questions de recherche et leur mise à l’épreuve de l’empirie. Nous définissons successivement : la transposition didactique comme objet central de la didactique (thèse 1), les outils sémiotiques du travail de l’enseignant (thèse 2), la séquence d’enseignement comme unité du travail de l’enseignant (thèse 3) et sa panoplie d’instruments (thèse 4), la sédimentation des pratiques (thèse 5), la disciplinarisation (thèse 6) et la discipline scolaire comme source de disciplination (thèse 7). Chacune de ces thèses est illustrée par quelques-uns des résultats des recherches empiriques menées dans l’équipe de recherche.
Steroid therapy for COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Boppana Tarun Krishna , Mittal Saurabh , Madan Karan , Mohan Anant , Hadda Vijay , Tiwari Pawan , Guleria Randeep
Published: July 2021

There is an urgent need for effective treatment modalities for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Data for the use of steroids in COVID-19 is emerging. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the effectiveness of steroid administration in mortality reduction due to COVID-19 compared to the control group. A systematic search of the Pubmed and Embase databases was performed to extract randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding the use of steroid therapy for COVID-19. An overall and subgroup (based upon the type of steroid) pooled mortality analysis was performed, and odds ratios were reported. Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. Six RCTs, including 7707 patients, were selected for review. Three trials reported 28-day mortality, and two trials reported 21-day mortality, and one trial reported in-hospital mortality. There were 730 deaths among 2837 participants in the steroid group while 1342 deaths among 4870 patients randomized to the control group (Odds ratio 0.76, 95% confidence interval 0.58-1.00, p=0.05). The effect was significant in patients on oxygen or mechanical ventilation. There was no difference in the various preparations and doses of the steroids. There was heterogeneity among the trials as the I2 value was 53%, with a p-value of 0.06. There was no indication of increased serious adverse events. This meta-analysis of RCTs demonstrated that the use of systemic corticosteroids is associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19 on oxygen or mechanical ventilation.
Comparison of effect of intraperitoneal instillation of additional dexmedetomidine or clonidine along with bupivacaine for post-operative analgesia following laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Kaarthika Thottikat , Radhapuram Sri Devi , Samantaray Aloka , Pasupuleti Hemalatha , Hanumantha Rao Mangu , Bharatram R.
Published: July 2021

Background and Aims:

Despite advances in minimally invasive surgery, postoperative pain remains a concern after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This study aims to compare the effect of intraperitoneal instillation of bupivacaine with alpha-2 agonists (dexmedetomidine and clonidine) for postoperative analgesia.

Methods:

One hundred and eight patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomised to receive either 20 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine (Group B), 20 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine with dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg (Group BD) or 20 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine with clonidine 1 μg/kg (Group BC). Study drug made to equal volume (40 mL) was instilled before the removal of trocar at the end of surgery. Standard general endotracheal anaesthesia with intra-abdominal pressure of 12–14 mm Hg during laparoscopy was followed uniformly. The primary objective of our study was the magnitude of pain. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for continuous variables and Chi-square test for categorical variables was used.

Results:

The Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) scores for pain intensity did not show any statistical significance at any of the pre-defined time points. Time to first request for analgesia was shortest in group BC (64.0 ± 60.6 min) when compared to the other groups (B, 78.8 ± 83.4 min; BD, 112.2 ± 93.4 min;P< 0.05). Total amount of rescue fentanyl given in groups BD (16.8 ± 29.0 μg) and BC (15 ± 26.4 μg) was significantly less than B (35.7 ± 40.0 μg);P< 0.05).

Conclusion:

The addition of alpha-2 agonists to bupivacaine reduces the post-operative opioid consumption, and dexmedetomidine appears to be superior to clonidine in prolonging time to first analgesic request.
Clinicohistopathological study of benign breast lesions in surgically excised specimens in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Boral Saswati , Jagtap Sunil V.
Published: July 2021

Background:

Distinguishing benign breast diseases (BBDs) from malignant breast diseases is a worrisome entity and should also have knowledge of the pattern of occurrence of the disorders in their geographical location. This research aimed to study the clinical and histopathological pattern of BBD in Indian patients.

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted on 153 specimens from lumpectomy, core needle biopsy, and mastectomy. Data regarding patients’ age, sex, presenting complaints, duration of the complaints, and history of menstrual cycles and lactation were collected from the biopsy requisition forms and case papers. The tissue bits were processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and a histopathological examination was performed.

Results:

Most of the patients in the present study were females (n = 151, 98.7%). The mean age of the patients was 30.45 years. Most of the BBD cases (n = 118, 77.14%) were benign, of which fibroadenoma (101 cases) accounted for 66%. Majority of the lesions were in the upper outer quadrant (39.22%). Of the 153 cases, 94 cases of fibroadenoma, one case of breast abscess, nine cases of fibrocystic change, four cases of phyllodes, three cases of lipoma, and one case of gynecomastia diagnosed clinically correlated well with histopathology (n = 112, 73%).

Conclusion:

BBDs are mostly seen in female patients in the age group of 21–30 years. Fibroadenoma is the most common BBD. Clinical assessment followed by histopathological examination provided an accurate diagnosis. The clinical diagnosis correlated well with histopathology.
Output factor measurements with multiple detectors in CyberKnife® Robotic Radiosurgery System
Authors: Manavalan Muthukumaran , Durai Manigandan , Narayanasamy Ganesh , Stathakis Sotirios , Godson Henry Finlay , Subramani Vikraman
Published: July 2021

Aim:

The aim of this study was to measure and compare the output factor (OF) of a CyberKnife Robotic Radiosurgery System with eight different small field detectors and validate with Technical Report Series (TRS) report 483.

Background:

Accurate dosimetry of CyberKnife system is limited due to the challenges in small field dosimetry. OF is a vital dosimetric parameter used in the photon beam modeling and any error would affect the dose calculation accuracy.

Materials and Methods:

In this study, the OF was measured with eight different small-field detectors for the 12 IRIS collimators at 800 mm SAD setup at 15 mm depth. The detectors used were PTW 31016 PinPoint 3D, IBA PFD shielded diode, IBA EFD unshielded diode, IBA SFD unshielded diode (stereotactic), PTW 60008 shielded diode, PTW 60012 unshielded diode, PTW 60018 unshielded diode (stereotactic), and PTW 60019 CVD diamond detector. OF was obtained after correcting for field output correction factors from IAEA TRS No. 483.

Results:

The field OFs in CyberKnife are derived from the measured data by applying the correction factors from Table 23 in TRS 483 for the eight small field detectors. These field OFs matched within 2% of peer-reviewed published values. The range and standard deviation showed a decreasing trend with collimator diameter.

Conclusion:

The field OF obtained after applying the appropriate correction factor from TRS 483 matched well with the peer-reviewed published OFs. The inter-detector variation showed a decreasing trend with increasing collimator field size. This study gives physicists confidence in measuring field OFs while using small field detectors mentioned in this work.
Lymphocytic Colitis in Nigeria: A Case Series
Authors: Oluyemi Aderemi , Momoh Martins , Odeghe Emuobor , Keshinro Samuel
Published: July 2021

The term “microscopic colitis” (MC) is used to describe a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that includes two main subtypes based on  histopathologic features: collagenous and lymphocytic. Scientific literature is replete with documentation of the disease from various regions of the world. However, the condition is rarely described in black African patients. We herein present the details of the clinical  aspects and endoscopic findings of 3 Nigerian patients with the lymphocytic variant of MC. A short literature review of the clinical, endoscopic, and pathologic features of this rare condition as well as other relevant aspects of MC is also presented.
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of 80% Methanol Extract and Solvent Fractions of Urtica simensis Hochst. ex. A. Rich. (Urticaceae) Leaves against Pathogenic Bacteria and Fungi
Authors: Kassa Fentaye , Nedi Teshome , Feleke Aklilu , Eguale Tadesse , Alemayehu Haile , Shibeshi Workineh
Published: July 2021

Medicinal plants have been used for the treatment of infectious diseases since a long time. Urtica simensisHochst. ex. A. Rich. is one of the endemic medicinal plants used for the treatment of bacterial and fungalinfections in Ethiopian folklore medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activityof 80% methanol extract and solvent fractions of the leaves of U. simensis. The 80% methanol extract wasprepared by maceration and the solvent fractions were obtained by successive fractionation of the 80%methanol extract with chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and distilled water. The antimicrobial activity ofthe extracts was evaluated on eight bacterial and two fungal species using agar well diffusion method atconcentrations of 200, 400 and 800 mg/ml. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined bybroth microdilution method. From the gram positive bacteria tested, the most susceptible species wasStreptococcus pneumoniae (MIC of 1.36 mg/ml), while Klebsiella pneumoniae and Aspergillus niger weremost susceptible gram negative bacterial and fungal species with MIC values of 2.54 and 3.13 mg/ml,respectively. The least values of MIC, MBC and MFC were 1.36, 5.21 and 6.25 mg/ml, respectively. Resultsof the present study revealed that the 80% methanol extract and solvent fractions, of the leaves of U.simensis, with the exception of the aqueous fraction, possess activity against the growth of selected pathogenic bacterial and fungal species. Among the solvent fractions, the n-butanol fraction was the most active fraction against the gram positive bacteria tested, while the ethyl acetate fraction was the most active fraction against the other tested organisms. Further studies are needed to isolate the active principles, elucidate the mechanism of antimicrobial action, determine in vivo antimicrobial activity and effect of the extracts on other pathogens including clinical isolates.
Religious Proselytism and the Illusion World Peace: The Disservice of World Religions
Authors: Okpalike Chika J. B. Gabriel
Published: July 2021

This work is constructed on the hypothesis that religious proselytism is the tool in the hands of the three major monotheistic religions with which they canvass/campaign for membership recruitment. It identifies and explores different modes which proselytism has taken among the practitioners of the religions of Judaism, Christianity and Islam and understands proselytism as the source and cause of a world divided along religious lines and which may not be healed if that practice persists. The work adopts the methods of analysis of written data and focus on groups.
Paul’s Teachings on All-Sufficiency of Jesus Christ for Salvation in Colossians 2:8-3:5 in Relation to Christianity in Africa
Authors: Mbachi Valentine Chukwujekwu
Published: July 2021

This article examines Pauls teaching on all-sufficiency of Jesus Christ for salvation in relation to Christianity in Africa. The approach has been analytical or qualitative. The historical-critical method and contextual tools are used in the interpretation of the biblical text. The study reveals that the Colossian situation to a large extent depicts the life of the Church in Africa today. Christ must be proclaimed not just as the Saviour of the soul, but as the Lord of lords, the king of kings, Victor, Redeemer, Deliverer, Healer, Provider, Unique and All- Sufficient God lest like Colossian and African syncretists, many people may turn to other answers such as magic, charms, amulets, rituals and other occult practices for protection against the enslaving and binding spirits.
African Traditional Religion vis-à-vis the Tackle It Suffers
Authors: Nweke Innocent Ogbonna
Published: July 2021

African Traditional Religion is the indigenous religion of the Africans. The religion that has existed before the advent of western civilization which came with secularism as an umbrella that shades Christianity, education, urbanization, colonization and so on. These features of western civilization were impressed upon African Traditional Religion. Hence, the presence of alien cultures and practices in contemporary African traditional practice, as well as the presence of elements of traditionalism in contemporary African Christian practices. This  somewhat symbiosis was discussed in this paper and it was discovered that African Traditional Religion was able to jump all the hurdles of secularism, Christianity, urbanization etc and came out successfully though with bruises. The paper used socio-cultural approach in its analysis.
The Over-Emphasis on the Paying of Tithe and the Quest for Materialism among Religious Leaders: An Evaluation of the Biblical Teaching on Tithe
Authors: Igbo Philip
Published: July 2021

The concept of tithe and tithing is a biblical concept. Tithing was a hieratic tax instituted as a means to support the Levites who ministered at God’s sanctuary. The Levites were to receive the tithes offered by Israel to Yahweh, because of the service they rendered at God’s sanctuary, and because they had no landed inheritance. The tithe system was enacted as a hieratic tax meant to provide support for the priests and Levites “for the service that they perform at God’s sanctuary (Num 18:21f). The tithes are voluntary; tithable things were products from the land or the herd. The tithe was basically for the support of the Levites who served at God’s Sanctuary. However, it has been observed and sadly so, that some contemporary Church leaders, especially in Nigeria, seem to be laying undue emphasis on tithing to their own financial advantage. This study was, therefore, conceived as a re-evaluation of the concept of tithing and the context under which it developed. The goal is to use the findings of this reevaluation to mirror the over emphasis on tithing by contemporary Church leaders in Nigeria. Findings reveal that there is a deviation from the context under which tithing was developed to somewhat exploitation of unsuspecting members of the Church to the advantage of prosperity preachers in Nigeria. This raises the question as to whether  Christians of the contemporary era should still tithe since the context in which the tradition developed has changed.
Objeto de aprendizagem BIM para avaliação dos custos de construção para incorporação em GCC-I/UFC
Authors: Borges Rodrigo Magalhães Siqueira , Vieira Bianca Maria Pacheco , Lima Mariana Monteiro Xavier de , Barros Neto José de Paula
Published: July 2021

A educação em Gerenciamento da Construção Civil representa um grande desafio para docentes, tendo em vista a grande quantidade e a complexidade dos conteúdos que a área envolve, bem como a necessidade de desenvolver competências e habilidades essenciais à formação de discentes. Diante disso, o BIM tem se tornado um forte auxiliador no processo de ensino, reduzindo a abstração dos conteúdos apresentados desde disciplinas mais básicas à disciplinas mais complexas, como Gerenciamento da Construção. Em virtude disso, o trabalho propõe o desenvolvimento de um objeto de aprendizagem BIM, caracterizado como instrumentos que visam orientar a utilização prática do BIM voltado ao ensino de determinado conteúdo de engenharia, voltado à avaliação de custos de construção.
Apresentação no YouTube: https://youtu.be/HH0fnPGw4N4
Coordenadas em modelo BIM
Authors: Ribeiro Sandra Albino , Barbosa Edy Jones
Published: July 2021

O Modelo Federado, também conhecido por Modelo Integrado e Modelo Multi-Disciplinar, é definido pela combinação de vários modelos BIM (arquitetura, estrutura, instalações e outros) em um único ambiente virtual. O entendimento desse conceito é fundamental para o adequado fluxo de trabalho em BIM e a partir dele é possível realizar diversas ações como a coordenação de modelos e compatibilização de projetos. Além disso, mediante a ajustes em qualquer modelo de autoria o modelo federado pode ser atualizado de modo síncrono. Diversos meios possibilitam a criação do modelo federado entre eles o BIMSync, Trimble Connect, BIMColab zoom usBIM.Clash, Navisworks Manage, Revit entre outros. Diante deste cenário, o presente trabalho apresenta um material didático, transcrito como um guia prático, que explana os pontos de referências e coordenadas no modelo de autoria e as suas implicações no processo de federação. Esse material foi elaborado recetemente a partir de experimentações práticas e após consultas a profissionais do mercado e está sendo aplicado no curso Especialista BIM Autodesk.
Apresentação no YouTube: https://youtu.be/56ygmebbee0
Formação executiva em BIM: disciplina fundamentos
Authors: Cruz Braulio Verissimo , Fonseca Wagner Barros da
Published: July 2021

O curso de Formação Executiva em BIM da Fundação Getulio Vargas pertence ao Institudo de desenvolvimento educacional, IDE em Cursos de pequena e média duração que teve suas primeiras turmas no ano de 2020. Tem como público alvo funcionários públicos, proprietários de empresas, e demais profissionais que atuam no segmento de AEC (arquitetura, engenharia e construção) envolvidos com a implementação e operação de BIM em suas organizações. O curso foi estruturado com base em quatro disciplinas de 16h cada sendo a de Fundamentos a disciplina de abertura. Esse painel apresenta os resultados da experiência com as duas primeiras turmas do curso que contaram com 63 alunos de formações diversas.
Apresentação no YouTube: https://youtu.be/yQ4Ifz5BP4w
The impact of a multimodal/hybrid design on student learning in a diabetes pharmacotherapy series for third professional year pharmacy student population
Authors: Dugan B. DeeAnn , Thomas John , Kyle Jeffrey A
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Over the last several years, pharmacy education has been moving towards a blended/hybrid model of learning. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a hybrid, multi-modal design in a diabetes sequence.
Method: A diabetes series was converted from a lecture-based to a hybrid design. Percentage scores from Exam 1 and Final exam questions compared a control cohort to different cohorts over two years. Primary outcome measure was student scores.
Results: The score difference on Exam 1 between the 2015 and 2017 cohorts was -6.69 (p = 0.19). Comparison of 2016 and 2017 showed a -5.13% (p = 0.33) score change. An 8.6-point improvement in Final exam scores was observed. Both hybrid model cohorts scored higher on questions related to insulin titration and treatment selection.
Conclusion: No change in knowledge acquisition using the hybrid multi-modal design was seen; however there an improvement in knowledge retention was observed.