bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
According to Whose Numbers? Assessing the Pew Research Center’s Estimate of 7.5 Million Jewish Americans
Authors: DellaPergola Sergio
Published: June 2023

Differences of opinion regarding the numerical size of US Jewry are discussed in this article, with special reference to the 2020 Pew survey of Jewish Americans. Issues discussed involve understanding the theoretical assumptions, technical requirements, and accumulated body of knowledge of Jewish demography and population studies as a discipline; the different methods and biases of Jewish social survey research; the variety of possible Jewish population definitions in a world which is no more dichotomous; the essential role children's Jewish socialization in Jewish population estimates; the independence vs. circularity of existing Jewish population estimates. It is argued that different possible estimates can coexist side-by-side, provided assumptions, methods and definitions are fully transparent and amenable to clear common denominators. The study of US Jews cannot be severed from the study of Jews globally.
Bedeutung von Künstlicher Intelligenz in der Sozialen Arbeit
Authors: Linnemann Gesa Alena , Löhe Julian , Rottkemper Beate
Published: June 2023

Die Bedeutung des Einsatzes von Verfahren, die unter dem Begriff der Künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) zusammenzufassen sind, wird sowohl für gesellschaftliche Prozesse als auch den Auftrag an die Soziale Arbeit zunehmend erkannt und diskutiert. Mit diesem Artikel wird ein Beitrag zum Diskurs geleistet, indem vertieft der Bereich der Sprachverarbeitung durch KI, das Natural Language Processing (NLP), in den Blick genommen wird. Verarbeitung natürlicher Sprache ist aufgrund der hohen Bedeutung kommunikativer Prozesse für die Praxis der Sozialen Arbeit von besonderer Relevanz, zugleich wird die Profession der Sozialen Arbeit tangiert. Bezugnehmend auf Staub-Bernasconis Handlungstheorie werden Implikationen und Diskussionspunkte von NLP identifiziert und diskutiert. Zudem werden mögliche Gratifikationen für Klient*innen herausgearbeitet, die sich u. a. aus der Wirkung und sozialen Interaktion ergeben. Hier wird die Media-Equation-Theorie von Nass und Reeves als Erkenntnisfolie herangezogen. Vor diesen Perspektiven ergeben sich sowohl Risiken (u. a. die Gefahr einer modularisierten Herauslösung genuin sozialarbeiterischer Tätigkeit) als auch Chancen (u. a. Teilhabe, niederschwelliger Zugang, Zugriff auf breitere Datenbasis).
Intra-species variation of ovipositor morphology and oviposition preference in Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Authors: Akutsu Junichi , Matsuo Takashi
Published: June 2023

Females ofDrosophila suzukiihave an enlarged and sclerotized ovipositor (oviscapt, hypogynium), which is a key evolutionary trait that enabledD. suzukiito lay eggs through the skin of ripening fruits. We investigated the intra-species variation ofD. suzukiiin ovipositor morphology and oviposition preference for substrate hardness among 27 strains recently established from local populations in Japan. A significant difference between strains was observed in the length of the ovipositor as well as in the number of bristles on it. Further analysis using representative strains revealed that the ovipositor size variation among strains was independent of the body size variation, suggesting that the proportion between the ovipositor and other body parts was different among the strains. In the two-choice oviposition assay using 2% and 7% agar substrates, four strains preferred the soft substrates, and one strain preferred the hard substrates. Competitive cross-modal assay between substrate hardness and surface curvature revealed that the preference for curvature overrode the preference for hardness in all the tested strains.
Low-Velocity Impact Damage Quantification on Sandwich Panels by Thermographic and Ultrasonic Procedures
Authors: Pirinu A. , Saponaro A. , Nobile R. , Panella F. W.
Published: June 2023

Composite sandwich structures are widely used for their mechanical properties combined to lightweight. However, damage area quantification caused by low velocity impacts represents generally a crucial task in sandwich composites. In the last years, recent advantages of thermographic devices offer new promising and different real-time industrial and engineering applications where lower computation time, accuracy of results and convenient cost are required. The present research deals with the comparison of standard or latest image-processing methods proposed for pulsed thermography regarding their suitability for determining the impact damage area in sandwich materials made of Aluminium core an a GFRP laminated skins. The Infra-Red processed results are compared with the advanced ultrasonic Phased array method commonly employed in the industrial Non-Destructive Testing. Specifically, the damage area quantification is performed by means of an appropriate MATLAB binarization algorithm for the post-processing of acquired thermal and ultrasonic maps. The data results verify the effectiveness of the image-processing thermographic technique combined to advanced processing approaches for the quantitative assessment of impact damage in sandwich component.
Geometry of the matching distance for 2D filtering functions
Authors: Ethier Marc , Frosini Patrizio , Quercioli Nicola , Tombari Francesca
Published: June 2023

In this paper we exploit the concept of extended Pareto grid to study the geometric properties of the matching distance for $$\mathbb {R}^2$$

R

2

-valued regular functions defined on a closed Riemannian manifold. In particular, we prove that in this case the matching distance is realised either at special values or at values corresponding to vertical, horizontal or slope 1 lines.
Klima DAO: a crypto answer to carbon markets
Authors: Jirásek Michal
Published: June 2023

Tackling major societal challenges often requires a significant level of organizational novelty. One such recent example is Klima DAO, a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) that seeks to transform voluntary markets through the adoption of carbon credits. DAOs rely on self-executing rules and have a high level of decentralization. By leveraging blockchain and related technologies, Klima DAO offers innovative solutions to universal problems of organizing in both its governance and product delivery. Blockchain tools enable Klima DAO to operate uniquely, allowing for rapid scaling while maintaining decentralized governance and promoting transparent carbon credit trading with low transaction fees. As such, Klima DAO may serve as a model for future organizations in search of greater transparency and flatter governance structures.
On the Effect of Emotion Identification from Limited Translated Text Samples Using Computational Intelligence
Authors: Tahir Madiha , Halim Zahid , Waqas Muhmmad , Tu Shanshan
Published: June 2023

Emotion identification from text data has recently gained focus of the research community. This has multiple utilities in an assortment of domains. Many times, the original text is written in a different language and the end-user translates it to her native language using online utilities. Therefore, this paper presents a framework to detect emotions on translated text data in four different languages. The source language is English, whereas the four target languages include Chinese, French, German, and Spanish. Computational intelligence (CI) techniques are applied to extract features, dimensionality reduction, and classification of data into five basic classes of emotions. Results show that when English text is translated to French, classification accuracy is higher than others, i.e., 99.04%. Whereas, when the same is translated to Chinese language, its detection rate is lowest among target languages. It is concluded that emotions remain preserved after translation to some extent. Framework consists of TFIDF features. PCA and Discriminant Analysis perform good to detect emotions from translated data.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Trends of Violence-Related Offences in Australia
Authors: Miller Peter , Button Kira , Taylor Nicholas , Coomber Kerri , Baldwin Ryan , Harries Travis , Patafio Brittany , Guala Tahnee , Harris Nathan , Curtis Ashlee , Karantzas Gery C. , Staiger Petra K. , de Andrade Dominique
Published: June 2023

Objective

To investigate the medium-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on violence-related offences in Australia, and whether there was evidence of a ‘dual pandemic’ of family violence in addition to COVID-19.

Methods

Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average time series were conducted to analyse publicly available violent crime statistics data from January 2017 to November 2021. Population rates of homicide, sexual, domestic and non-domestic assault were assessed across each Australian state and territory, with the effects of COVID-19 being modelled using the average monthly World Health Organization COVID-19 stringency rating for each jurisdiction.

Findings

All jurisdictions in Australia showed increasing or stable domestic assault trends over the past decade, which were not significantly impacted by COVID-19, nor by the subsequent lockdowns. Non-domestic assaults demonstrated a significant, negative relationship with the stringency index for each jurisdiction, except Western Australia. There was no significant change in the rates of homicide or sexual assault across Australia in relation to COVID-19.

Conclusion

Overall, there was no evidence of a ‘dual pandemic’ in Australia, and whilst domestic assaults continue to increase across the country, non-domestic assaults showed a notable but brief decline. However, these have returned to levels at least as high as pre-COVID-19 and some states show a continuing upward trend. The findings also suggest that alcohol availability may have played a role in continuing high violence numbers. Given the ongoing increasing and high levels of family violence in Australia, revised conceptual frameworks and interventions are indicated.
Dependence of Eigenvalues of $$(2n + 1)$$ th Order Boundary Value Problems with Transmission Conditions
Authors: Lin Qiuhong
Published: June 2023

This paper deals with some boundary value problems generated by$$(2n + 1)$$(2n+1)th order differential equation with transmission conditions. After showing that these problems generate self-adjoint operators and the eigenvalues of the problems are real, we introduce the continuous dependence and differentiable dependence of eigenvalues on parameters: coefficient functions and weight function, boundary conditions, transmission conditions, as well as the endpoints and transmission points. In addition, we obtain the differential expressions of all given parameters respectively.
Investor choices in luxurious hotels in the era of COVID-19: an analytical approach to the case of Crete
Authors: Asmargiannakis P. , Galariotis E. , Zopounidis C.
Published: June 2023

The goal of this research is to identify the investment preferences of top managers and owners of four- and five-star hotels and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their investment planning. The study examines various factors, including the individual characteristics of executives (such as gender, age group, education level, and position held in the hotel unit), and their perceptions of the pandemic’s effects on their investment planning. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to capture the pandemic’s impact on investment options, planning, and spending for luxury hotels. The study first conducted a structured questionnaire survey to record investment priorities under two distinct scenarios: one prior to the pandemic and another after the pandemic’s spread and containment measures. Statistical tests were then used to compare the results between the two periods, revealing clear differences in investment choices among top executives and owners. Chi-square tests were also employed to examine the impact of individual characteristics on executives’ perceptions of the pandemic’s impact on their investment planning and their willingness to limit investment spending. Ordinal regressions were used to explore association further. The findings show that participants’ age group was associated with their perception of the pandemic’s negative impact on investment planning and their willingness to limit investment spending. Participants’ position in the hotel unit partially explained their willingness to reduce investment resources during the pandemic. Therefore, the research highlights that the age of higher management in luxury hotels impacts the business's ability to adapt to the post-COVID-19 environment. The results also suggest that policy makers' public measures aimed at enhancing executives’ willingness to invest during difficult periods should consider these factors.
Superorganism
Authors: Corning Peter A.
Published: June 2023

As evidence of our global survival crisis continues to mount, the expression 'too little, too late' comes to mind. We all live in an interdependent world which has an increasingly shared fate. We are participants in an emerging global 'superorganism' that is dependent on close cooperation. Indeed, positive synergy (cooperative effects) has been the key to our evolutionary success as a species. However, our ultimate fate is now in jeopardy. Going forward, we must either create a more effective global society (with collective self-governance) or our species will very likely be convulsed by mass starvation, waves of desperate migrants, and lethal social conﬂict. The greatest threat we may face is each other, and a regression into tribalism and violent conﬂict. This Element has a more hopeful prescription for a new global social contract. It is based on the many examples of superorganisms – socially organized species – in the natural world, and in evolution.
A Drop in the Ocean: How Priors Anchor Attitudes Toward the American Carceral State
Authors: Anoll Allison P. , Engelhardt Andrew M.
Published: June 2023

That black and white Americans disagree about the carceral state is well established; why this is the case is much less clear. Drawing on group hierarchy theory and the state's role in perpetuating group subordination/domination, we theorize that differences in socialization and contact during emergent adulthood produce divergent priors for racial groups and gender subgroups within race. These different starting points shape how people integrate new information from recent contact into their belief systems. Using a survey of over 11,000 respondents, we find that, instead of all groups integrating information the same way, recent direct contact contributes most to negative attitudes among groups whose contact with government agents is least negatively valenced. While interactions with the American carceral state divide opinions considerably among white Americans and women, adulthood contact for black Americans, especially black men, appears to be but ‘a drop in the ocean’ of political life.
Trichurid nematodes from South American Camelid: an approach to native assemblages through the parasitology of archaeological sites
Authors: Fugassa M.H. , Cafrune M.M.
Published: June 2023

To gain insights into the trichurid diversity in pre-Hispanic remains of South American camelids (SACs), as well as into modern SAC populations, a bibliographic search was carried out to find parasitological studies. Results showed that a total of 17 studies were performed at archaeological and paleontological sites, in which a total of 213 samples were examined. The sample set was used as the unit of analysis, and 83% of 52 pre-Hispanic sample sets were positive for parasites. Parasitological studies confirmed the pre-Hispanic presence of diverse trichurids: twoTrichurisspecies and capillariid eggs with morphological differences that allowed them to be assigned to three different species. Currently, the richness of the native trichurid assemblages in SACs has been extended by the inclusion of two species (Trichurissp. 2 and Capillariinae gen. sp. 1). ModernT. tenuisChandler, 1930, considered SAC-specific, would have invaded SAC populations during the European colonization. The estimate of regional and temporal trichurid prevalence and paleoecological information allowed us to propose a possible origin for some of them. Although the present analysis is exploratory, it should stimulate future studies about the biogeographic history of SAC helminths, provide relevant information to improve descriptions of the Holocene ecology, and identify threatened helminths.
New sea spider species (Pycnogonida: Austrodecidae) from a submarine cave in Japan
Authors: Kakui Keiichi , Fujita Yoshihisa
Published: June 2023

We describe a new sea spider species, Pantopipetta hosodai sp. nov., based on one juvenile female collected from a submarine cave (‘Akumanoyakata’ Cave) in Shimojijima Island, Miyako Island Group, Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan. It was collected from the second slope zone of the cave, 80–100 m from the entrance, no light, low salinity and with rocky substrate. This is the first record globally of a Pantopipetta species from a submarine cave and anchialine environment. Pantopipetta hosodai sp. nov. resembles Pantopipetta auxiliata, Pantopipetta lenis and Pantopipetta oculata in having auxiliary claws, but differs from them in having a palp with three short distal articles, lateral processes without dorsodistal tubercles, coxae 1 and 3 of legs 1–3 each with one long dorsal tubercle and one dorsodistal tubercle bearing a seta on each femur. Features of the palp appear to delineate two species groups in Pantopipetta, i.e. (1) those having four small distal articles, and a small, basal palp article between the lateral cephalon process and longest palp article (eight-articulate palp) and (2) those having three small distal articles, and lacking the small basal article (six-articulate palp), but further detail examination of the described species is needed. We discuss the diagnostic characters separating Pantopipetta and Austrodecus and the generic affiliation of Austrodecus aconae. Few pycnogonids from marine or anchialine caves have been identified to species, and it is generally unknown whether cave-dwelling pycnogonids tend to be troglobites.
Status of vertebrate species in Danial Cave, northern Iran
Authors: Ghelich Khani Pouria , Qashqaei Ali T. , Kolkert Heidi
Published: June 2023

Cave biodiversity and ecosystems are underexplored. To guide conservation needs for visitor management, we surveyed the 2,158 m long Danial Cave in northern Iran for vertebrate fauna. We identified four mammalian and two amphibian species in the cave: the greater horseshoe bat Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Blasius's horseshoe bat Rhinolophus blasii, the lesser mouse-eared myotis Myotis blythii, the Hyrcanian field mouse Apodemus hyrcanicus, the Hyrcanian wood frog Rana pseudodalmatina and the Eurasian marsh frog Pelophylax ridibundus. Considering the increasing tourism pressures at Danial Cave, information on cave fauna is imperative for the conservation management of unique and endemic cave species.
Toward an economic theory of customary measurement
Authors: Whitman Glen
Published: June 2023

The article proposes an economic theory of customary measurement systems. The form of such systems is driven by two transaction-cost factors: minimising costs of implementation, and coordinating on shared standards. These factors combine to yield seven principles of customary measurement, supported with illustrative examples from the traditional Anglo-American, Egyptian, Greek, Roman, Chinese, and Indian measurement systems. The theory illuminates various confounding features of such systems, including ubiquitous binary patterns, frequent appearance of duodecimal ratios, and persistence of trade-specific measures.
A modified Jerusalem microstrip filter and its complementary for low phase noise X-band oscillator
Authors: Nimehvari Varcheh Hamed , Rezaei Pejman , Kiani Sina
Published: June 2023

This article shows the design of two different low phase noise (LPN) planar X-band frequency oscillators using two various microstrip filters (MFs). These two MFs act as a frequency stabilization part in the loop of the microwave oscillator. The first one, the modified Jerusalem MF (MJ-MF), is based on the Jerusalem scheme. The second one, the complementary modified Jerusalem MF (CMJ-MF), is complementary of the MJ-MF. Finally, by employing the branchline coupler, the LPN MF oscillator is achieved. The MJ-MF (narrowband filter) LPN X-band oscillator operates at 8.17 GHz and denotes a phase noise (PN) of −161 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz frequency offset. The CMJ-MF (wideband filter) LPN X-band oscillator operates at 8.14 GHz and mentions a PN of −157 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz frequency offset.
Wedding Sermons in Early Modern England
Authors: Houlbrooke Ralph
Published: June 2023

This article draws on wedding sermons published in England between the 1580s and the 1740s. The main interest of these sermons lies in the ways in which doctrine based on the scriptural texts, especially those cited in the Form of Solemnization of Matrimony, was refracted through the prism of the various concerns and priorities of preaching clergy. Their exposition of marriage duties was often enriched by personal experience. Yet the number of wedding sermons published in England between the 1580s and the 1740s was small compared with the quantity of those reaching print after delivery at a funeral, another of the foremost rites of passage. It seems likely that many fewer of them were preached at weddings in the first place. Wedding congregations probably made a less receptive audience. The already limited publication of wedding sermons underwent a long-term eighteenth-century decline.
The Impact of Legislative Reform on Baptisms, Marriages and Burials 1836–52, with particular reference to London
Authors: Jacob W. M.
Published: June 2023

This article considers, with particular reference to London, the impact of legislation during the second quarter of the nineteenth century on the churches’ practice of rites of passage in relation to births, marriages and deaths. It investigates the religious, political and social reasons for legislation relating to these rites which many contemporaries and subsequent historians considered an attack on the Church of England and evidence of advancing secularization. It shows that despite significant constitutional, social and religious changes during these years, religiously motivated politicians, sympathetic to the established church, achieved legislation introducing general registration of births, marriages and deaths, and providing for more satisfactory burial of London's rapidly growing population in the context of a high death rate. While satisfying some grievances of religious Dissenters, this protected the established church's interests, and evidence suggests that a high proportion of London's population continued to access its rites of passage for baptism, marriage and burial.
‘First’ or ‘Solemn’ Communion Images in France, 1885–2021
Authors: Deconinck-Brossard Françoise
Published: June 2023

Arguably, the ‘first’ or ‘solemn’ communion, later also called ‘profession of faith’, was a rite of passage for generations of French eleven- or twelve-year-old children. It remained virtually unchanged, under these different names, until the early 1970s, when it gradually fell into decline. Friends, relatives, and even state school teachers, were customarily given small religious images with a commemorative inscription on the reverse, stating the communicant's name as well as the date and place of the ceremony. This article analyses a small private collection of such ‘popular’ objects and discusses the evolution in their representations of lived religion in a secular country where a strong Roman Catholic tradition has given way to a post-Christian society.
The Sick Call and the Drama of Extreme Unction in Irish Folklore
Authors: Ryan Salvador
Published: June 2023

This article examines the priest's sick call in Irish folklore. The sick call normally involved the hearing of the dying person's confession; the administration of extreme unction, the last sacrament that a Roman Catholic was expected to receive; and (if possible) the reception of holy communion, viaticum, food for the journey. Drawing from the large body of stories in the Schools’ Collection (gathered in 1937–8), the article shows how the greatest concern in the popular mindset was ensuring that the priest arrived in time to perform his duties. However, all manner of difficulties awaited him in the exercise of this ministry, from diabolical apparitions to the wiles of other humans, including other priests, who purposefully attempted to thwart his path. In this sense, Irish folk tales dramatize the administration of this sacrament into a rite of passage.
Orthodoxy and Authority: Rites of Passage in the Vita Wilfridi and the Vitae Cuthberti
Authors: Platts Calum
Published: June 2023

The seventh-century Easter controversy raised questions of orthodoxy and the consequent authority of the clergy to minister rites. References to rites of passage are present in three of the most important sources written in early eighth-century Northumbria: the Vita Wilfridi and the Vitae Cuthberti. This article uses rites of passage to examine two debates, concerning Bishop Wilfrid's continental credentials and the relationship between the Vita Wilfridi and the Vitae Cuthberti. How the three authors use these important religious moments gives insight into the saintly image they wished to portray. The article argues that rites of passage in the Vita Wilfridi are designed to prove Wilfrid's continental (and thus orthodox) credentials but also show the extent to which this is a constructed image. In addition, it suggests that the rewriting of the first Vita Cuthberti was prompted by questions of orthodoxy raised in the Vita Wilfridi and subsequently weaponized in the febrile atmosphere of early eighth-century Northumbria.
Making Christians in the Umayyad Levant: Anastasius of Sinai and Christian Rites of Maintenance
Authors: Hansen Benjamin
Published: June 2023

Toward the end of the seventh century, Anastasius of Sinai took it upon himself to offer advice to lay Christians facing a new Umayyad world. For Anastasius, Christian identity needed simplification. In his Edifying Tales and Questions and Answers, he would de-emphasize theology, arguing that Christian identity was a more basic affair, involving baptism, the eucharist and the sign of the cross. For him, these were ‘rites of maintenance’, acts which sustained Christian identity in a fluid world of religious alternatives. Such actions warded off the demonic and drew a clear boundary between Muslim and Christian. This was important for Anastasius, who considered it his pastoral duty to offer uneducated Christians a tangible sense of their own identity (and superiority). His ritualistic simplification bears witness to an important shift in Palestinian-centred Christianity, as intra-Christian disputes were set aside in an attempt to maintain a ritualistic boundary between Christian and non-Christian.
Recording Liturgical and Sacramental Rites of Passage in Pre-Reformation English Parishes
Authors: Swanson R. N.
Published: June 2023

The introduction of parochial registers in England in 1538 was a milestone in the recording of (some) liturgical and sacramental rites of passage. Limited evidence reveals an earlier and superficially similar system incorporating detailed recording of offerings and other receipts among parochial ‘altarage’ income in benefice accounts. The material is examined and contextualized, to establish its relationship with the system introduced in 1538 and its value for appreciating the experience of liturgical rites of passage in pre-Reformation England.
Subseasonal Predictions of Polar Low Activity Using a Hybrid Statistical‐Dynamical Approach
Authors: Boyd Kevin , Wang Zhuo , Walsh John , Stoll Patrick
Published: June 2023

The subseasonal prediction of polar low (PL) activity is explored using a hybrid statistical‐dynamical approach. A previously developed PL genesis potential index is paired with ECMWF reforecasts and forecasts to predict regional statistics of PL activity across the sub‐Arctic. Regional PL activity is skillfully predicted in all regions at forecast ranges of up to a month. Additionally, the predictability limit of this hybrid framework (estimated using reanalysis data) is found to be highest over the Nordic Seas, Irminger Sea, Labrador Sea, and Bering Sea. We find that climate modes can strongly influence subseasonal prediction skill and are a potential source of predictability. Overall, our results highlight a promising prospect for the subseasonal prediction of PL activity.
Vertical Structure of Clouds and Precipitation During Arctic Cold‐Air Outbreaks and Warm‐Air Intrusions: Observations From COMBLE
Authors: Lackner Christian P. , Geerts Bart , Juliano Timothy W. , Xue Lulin , Kosovic Branko
Published: June 2023

The Arctic is marked by deep intrusions of warm, moist air, alternating with outbreaks of cold air down to lower latitudes. The typical vertical structure of clouds and precipitation during these two synoptic weather extremes is examined at a coastal site at 69°N in Norway. The Norwegian Sea is a corridor for warm‐air intrusions (WAIs) and frequently witnesses cold‐air outbreaks (CAOs). This study uses data from profiling radar, lidar, and microwave radiometer, radiosondes and other probes that were collected during the CAOs in the Marine Boundary Layer Experiment (COMBLE) between 1 December 2019 and 31 May 2020. Marine CAOs are defined in terms of thermal instability relative to the sea surface temperature, and WAIs in terms of equivalent potential temperature stratification between the surface and 850 hPa. Cloud structures in CAOs are convective, driven by strong surface heat fluxes over a long fetch of open water, with cloud tops rarely exceeding 6 km above sea level. The mostly open‐cellular convection produces intermittent moderately‐heavy precipitation at the observational site, notwithstanding the low precipitable water vapor (PWV). In contrast, WAIs are marked by high values of PWV and integrated vapor transport. WAI clouds are synoptically driven, stratiform, with cloud tops often exceeding 5 km, sometimes layered, and generally producing persistent precipitation that can be heavier than in CAOs.
Magnetopause Standoff Position Changes and Geosynchronous Orbit Crossings: Models and Observations
Authors: Collado‐Vega Y. M. , Dredger P. , Lopez R. E. , Khurana S. , Rastaetter L. , Sibeck D. , Anastopulos M.
Published: June 2023

This research examines the ability of current physics‐based models to predict the magnetopause location. We use the Run‐On‐Request capabilities at the Community Coordinated Modeling Center at NASA GSFC with 4 magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models. The magnetopause position prediction and response time to the solar wind changes is then compared to extreme solar wind conditions where magnetopause crossing of geosynchronous orbit have been observed by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) satellites. Rigorous analysis/comparison of observations and models is critical in determining magnetosphere dynamics for model validation. This paper is a preliminary effort defining the metrics necessary to understand the current magnetosphere model capabilities and challenges. Results show that there are discrepancies between the MHD models' standoff positions of the dayside magnetopause for the same solar wind conditions on events that included (a) an increase in solar wind dynamic pressure and a step function in the Interplanetary Magnetic Field Bz component; (b) nominal solar wind conditions (values of approximated 400 km/s for solar wind speed and 5 nT for the magnetic field magnitude) with a northward IMF; and (c) compression caused by several coronal mass ejections impacting the near Earth environment. Overall, the models predicted different magnetopause subsolar locations sometimes in the order of 3 RE. Contingency tables were calculated to show model performance in comparison with the data observed with the GOES 13/15 geosynchronous orbit for extreme events and skill scores were calculated.
Investigating Potential Causes for the Prediction of Spurious Magnetopause Crossings at Geosynchronous Orbit in MHD Simulations
Authors: Dredger Pauline M. , Lopez Ramon E. , Collado‐Vega Yaireska M. , Khurana Shreeya , Rastaetter Lutz M.
Published: June 2023

During intense geomagnetic storms, the magnetopause can move in as far as geosynchronous orbit, leaving the satellites in that orbit out in the magnetosheath. Spacecraft operators turn to numerical models to predict the response of the magnetopause to solar wind conditions, but the predictions of the models are not always accurate. This study investigates four storms with a magnetopause crossing by at least one GOES satellite, using four magnetohydrodynamic models at NASA's Community Coordinated Modeling Center to simulate the events, and analyzes the results to investigate the reasons for errors in the predictions. Two main reasons can explain most of the erroneous predictions. First, the solar wind input to the simulations often contains features measured near the L1 point that did not eventually arrive at Earth; incorrect predictions during such periods are due to the solar wind input rather than to the models themselves. Second, while the models do well when the primary driver of magnetopause motion is a variation in the solar wind density, they tend to overpredict or underpredict the integrated Birkeland currents and their effects during times of strong negative interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz, leading to poorer prediction capability. Coupling the MHD codes to a ring current model, when such a coupling is available, generally will improve the predictions but will not always entirely correct them. More work is needed to fully characterize the response of each code under strong southward IMF conditions as it relates to prediction of magnetopause location.
The Deep Basin and Underlying Basement Structure of the Tanganyika Rift
Authors: Shaban Shaidu N. , Kolawole Folarin , Scholz Christopher A.
Published: June 2023

The oldest structures in a rift basin define incipient rift architecture, and commonly modulate the patterns of landscape evolution, sedimentation, and associated hazards in subsequent phases of rift development. However, due to deep burial beneath younger, thick syn‐rift sequences, and limited resolution of seismic imaging, critical early‐rift processes remain poorly understood. In the Tanganyika Rift, East Africa, we augment existing 2‐dimensional (2‐D) seismic reflection data with newly acquired aeromagnetic and Full‐Tensor Gradiometry data to assess the deep basin and underlying basement structure. Aeromagnetic and gravity grids show a dominance of NW‐trending long‐wavelength (>5 km) structural fabrics corresponding to the deeper basement, and dominant NW‐trending with a secondary NNE‐trending shorter‐wavelength (<3 km) fabric representing shallower, intra‐basin structures. Seismically‐constrained 2‐D forward modeling of the aeromagnetic and gravity data reveals: (a) an anomalously high‐density (2.35–2.45 g/cc) deep‐seated, fault‐bounded wedge‐shaped sedimentary unit that directly overlies the pre‐rift basement, likely of Mesozoic (Karoo) origin; (b) ∼4 km‐wide sub‐vertical low‐density (2.71 g/cc) structures within the 3.2 g/cc basement, interpreted to be inherited basement shear zones, (c) early‐rift intra‐basin faults co‐located with the modeled shear zone margins, in some places defining a persistent structurally‐controlled intra‐basin “high,” and (d) a shallow intra‐sedimentary V‐shaped zone of comparatively dense material (∼2.2 g/cc), interpreted to be a younger axial channel complex confined between the intra‐basin “high” and border fault. These results provide new insight into the earliest basin architecture of the Tanganyika Rift, controlled by inherited basement structure, and provide evidence of their persistent influence on the subsequent basin evolution.
Thermal Environments and Volatile Stability Within Lunar Pits and Caves
Authors: Wilcoski A. X. , Hayne P. O. , Elder C. M.
Published: June 2023

Lunar collapse pits and possible caves have been suggested as ideal locations for the storage and protection of lunar water ice deposits, due to their potential to create permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) at high latitudes and ability to protect ice from destructive surface processes. However, the thermal environments of these features have not been investigated at high latitudes, and it remains unclear what effects pit latitude and geometry would have on interior temperatures and ice stability. We create a 3D thermal and volatile transport model and use it to characterize the thermal environments and volatile‐trapping potential within lunar collapse pits and caves. We model the thermal behavior of lunar pits as it varies with latitude for several different pit geometries. We then apply the thermal model results to the volatile transport model and calculate water loss rates to space given an initial ice deposit. The model shows that in general, high‐latitude pits make poor cold traps for ice because their enclosed geometry increases the ability of multiple‐scattered infrared radiation to elevate pit interior temperatures. Although, the enclosed geometry of a cave might help trap volatiles in theory, in practice ice stability within pits and caves is primarily controlled by temperature and not geometric effects. We find that ice loss rates are higher within pits and caves than within PSRs of craters at similar latitudes. Nevertheless, some specific situations arise where pits can act as effective cold traps, such as when pits lie within PSRs created by exterior topography.
Carbon and Water Fluxes of the Boreal Evergreen Needleleaf Forest Biome Constrained by Assimilating Ecosystem Carbonyl Sulfide Flux Observations
Authors: Abadie Camille , Maignan Fabienne , Remaud Marine , Kohonen Kukka‐Maaria , Sun Wu , Kooijmans Linda , Vesala Timo , Seibt Ulli , Raoult Nina , Bastrikov Vladislav , Belviso Sauveur , Peylin Philippe
Published: June 2023

Gross primary production (GPP) by boreal forests is highly sensitive to environmental changes. However, GPP simulated by land surface models (LSMs) remains highly uncertain due to the lack of direct photosynthesis observations at large scales. Carbonyl sulfide (COS) has emerged as a promising proxy to improve the representation of GPP in LSMs. Because COS is absorbed by vegetation following the same diffusion pathway as CO2 during photosynthesis and not emitted back to the atmosphere, incorporating a mechanistic representation of vegetation COS uptake in LSMs allows using COS observations to refine GPP representation. Here, we perform ecosystem COS flux and GPP data assimilations to constrain the COS‐ and GPP‐related parameters in the ORCHIDEE LSM for boreal evergreen needleleaf forests (BorENF). Assimilating ecosystem COS fluxes at Hyytiälä forest increases the simulated net ecosystem COS uptake by 14%. This increase largely results from changes in the internal conductance to COS, highlighting the need to improve the representation of COS internal diffusion and consumption. Moreover, joint assimilation of ecosystem COS flux and GPP at Hyytiälä improves the simulated latent heat flux, contrary to the GPP‐only data assimilation, which fails to do so. Finally, we scaled this assimilation framework up to the boreal region and find that the joint assimilation of COS at Hyytiälä and GPP fluxes at 10 BorENF sites increases the modeled vegetation COS uptake up to 18%, but not GPP. Therefore, this study encourages the use of COS flux observations to inform GPP and latent heat flux representations in LSMs.
Dental anomalies in cleft lip and/or palate children at age 10 - a retrospective review across three cleft centres: Part 1
Authors: Ezzeldin Maryam , Gee Samantha , Curtis Jacob , Clark Victoria J. , Smallridge Jacqueline , Collard Mechelle
Published: June 2023

IntroductionChildren with oral clefts often present with dental anomalies which can impact function, aesthetics and complicate the patient's dental treatment and needs. An understanding of potential anomalies, along with early recognition and planning, is thus essential for effective care.

AimThis paper is the first in a two-part three-centre series. This paper will assess the dental anomalies identified in 10-year-old patients attending three cleft centres in the UK.

MethodRetrospective review was undertaken of the clinical notes of 10-year-old patients attending South Wales (SW), Cleft NET East (CNE) and West Midlands (WM) cleft units, for their ten-year audit record appointment in 2016/2017.

ResultsIn total, 144 patients were reviewed (SW = 42; CNE = 52; WM = 50). Dental anomalies were recorded for 80.6% of patients (n = 116).

DiscussionThe review gives insight into the dental complexities of UK oral cleft patients. These patients require specialist paediatric dental input and intensive preventive regimes.

ConclusionShared care between cleft team specialists and general dental practitioners is important when providing holistic care for cleft patients.
An introduction to the UK care pathway for children born with a cleft of the lip and/or palate
Authors: Dudding Tom , Martin Serena , Popat Sandip
Published: June 2023

Cleft lip and/or palate includes a spectrum of congenital disorders affecting union on the lip, alveolus, hard and/or soft palate. The management of children born with an orofacial cleft requires a complex process from a multidisciplinary team (MDT) to restore form and function. Since the Clinical Standards Advisory Group (CSAG) report in 1998, the UK has reformed and restructured cleft services to improve the outcomes for children born with a cleft.

The spectrum of cleft conditions, the members of the MDT and a chronological description of the stages of cleft management from diagnosis to adulthood are described using a clinical example. This paper forms the introduction to a series of more detailed papers which span all major aspects of cleft management. The papers will cover the following topics: dental anomalies; associated medical conditions among children; orthodontic management of patients; speech assessment and intervention; role of the clinical psychologist; challenges for the paediatric dentist; genetics and orofacial clefts; surgery - primary and secondary; restorative dentistry; and global perspectives.
Antibacterial nanocomposite of chitosan/silver nanocrystals/graphene oxide (ChAgG) development for its potential use in bioactive wound dressings
Authors: Estévez-Martínez Yoxkin , Vázquez Mora Rubí , Méndez Ramírez Yesica Itzel , Chavira-Martínez Elizabeth , Huirache-Acuña Rafael , Díaz-de-León-Hernández Jorge Noé , Villarreal-Gómez Luis Jesús
Published: June 2023

An adequate wound dressing reduces time of healing, provides cost-effective care, thereby improving patients’ quality life. An antimicrobial bioactivity is always desired, for that reason, the objective of this work is to design an antimicrobial nanocomposite of chitosan/silver nanocrystals/graphene oxide (ChAgG). ChAgG nanostructured composite material is composed of chitosan from corn (Ch), and silver nanocrystals from garlic (Allium sativum). The nanocomposite obtained is the result of a series of experiments combining the graphene oxide (GrOx) with two members of the Amaryllidaceae family; garlic and onion (Allium cebae), which contain different sulfur materials. The characterization arrays confirmed the successful production of silver crystal, graphene oxidation and the blending of both components. The role of the chitosan as a binder between graphene and silver nanocrystals is proved. Moreover, the study discusses garlic as an optimal source that permits the synthesis of silver nanocrystals (AgNCs) (⁓ 2 to 10 nm) with better thermal and crystallinity properties. It was also confirmed the successful production of the ChAgG nanocomposite. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were used to demonstrate the antibacterial bioactivity and L-929 fibroblast cells were utilized to visualize their biocompatibility. The proposed ChAgG nanomaterial will be useful for functionalizing specific fiber network that represents current challenging research in the fabrication of bioactive wound dressings.
Whole strains vs MGEs in short and longterm transmission of ESBL genes between healthcare and community settings in Uganda
Authors: Hounmanou Yaovi Mahuton Gildas , Wanyana Agnes , Alafi Stephen , Wabwire-Mangen Fred , Christensen Henrik , Olsen John Elmerdahl , Byarugaba Denis Karuhize
Published: June 2023

Multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing Escherichia coli are a leading cause of infections in hospital and community settings. Based on samples from two hospitals in Uganda and households of inpatients we tested the hypothesis that ESBL E. coli and/or their resistance determinants could spread within the healthcare and community settings through discharged patients that were still colonized. We used bacterial culture, susceptibility testing whole genome sequencing and detailed bioinformatics analysis to test the above hypothesis. Genome analysis revealed presence of predominantly blaCTX-M-15 and blaOXA-1 genes with a total resistome with genes belonging to 14 different classes of antimicrobials. Short-term cases of strain sharing were reported within each setting and strains from the two settings were found to cluster together based on their overall resistome. Long-term horizontal transfer of ESBL genes by various IncF and IncY types of plasmids shared between healthcare and community settings was demonstrated. Based on hybrid assembly, plasmid reconstruction and phylogenetic analyses, our study suggests that while the dissemination of AMR between healthcare and community settings in the short-term is possible at whole strain level, the long-term transmission between healthcare and communities is sustained by the transfer of plasmids circulating across niches and disseminating related resistomes.
The potential of phenothiazinium dyes as cytotoxicity markers in cisplatin-treated cells
Authors: Pereira Luiz Miguel , Portapilla Gisele Bulhões , Brancini Guilherme Thomaz Pereira , Possato Bruna , Bronzon da Costa Cássia Mariana , Abreu-Filho Péricles Gama , Wainwright Mark , Yatsuda Ana Patrícia , Braga Gilberto Úbida Leite
Published: June 2023

Assessing the in vitro toxicity of compounds on cell cultures is an important step during the screening of candidate molecules for diverse applications. Among the strategies employed to determine cytotoxicity, MTT, neutral red, and resazurin are commonly used. Methylene blue (MB), a phenothiazinium salt, has several uses, such as dye, redox indicator, and even as treatment for human disease and health conditions, such as malaria and methemoglobinemia. However, MB has only been sparsely used as a cellular toxicity indicator. As a viability indicator, MB is mostly applied to fixed cultures at high concentrations, especially when compared to MTT or neutral red. Here we show that MB and its related compounds new methylene blue (NMB), toluidine blue O (TBO), and dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) can be used as cytotoxicity indicators in live (non-fixed) cells treated for 72 h with DMSO and cisplatin. We compared dye uptake between phenothiazinium dyes and neutral red by analyzing supernatant and cell content via visible spectra scanning and microscopy. All dyes showed a similar ability to assess cell toxicity compared to either MTT or neutral red. Our method represents a cost-effective alternative to in vitro cytotoxicity assays using cisplatin or DMSO, indicating the potential of phenothiazinium dyes for the screening of candidate drugs and other applications.