bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pathogenesis and Risk Factors for Cerebral Infarct After Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Massaro Allie , Messé Steven R. , Acker Michael A. , Kasner Scott E. , Torres Jose , Fanning Molly , Giovannetti Tania , Ratcliffe Sarah J. , Bilello Michel , Szeto Wilson Y. , Bavaria Joseph E. , Mohler Emile R. , Floyd Thomas F.
Published: July 2016

Background and Purpose—

Stroke is a potentially devastating complication of cardiac surgery. Identifying predictors of radiographic infarct may lead to improved stroke prevention for surgical patients.

Methods—

We reviewed 129 postoperative brain magnetic resonance imagings from a prospective study of patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement. Acute infarcts were classified as watershed or embolic using prespecified criteria.

Results—

Acute infarct on magnetic resonance imaging was seen in 79 of 129 patients (61%), and interrater reliability for stroke pathogenesis was high (κ=0.93). Embolic infarcts only were identified in 60 patients (46%), watershed only in 2 (2%), and both in 17 (13%). In multivariable logistic regression, embolic infarct was associated with aortic arch atheroma (odds ratio [OR], 3.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0–12.0;
P
=0.055), old subcortical infarcts (OR, 5.5; 95% CI, 1.1–26.6;
P
=0.04), no history of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or coronary artery bypass graft (OR, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.2–13.7;
P
=0.03), and higher aortic valve gradient (OR, 1.3 per 5 mm Hg; 95% CI, 1.09–1.6;
P
=0.004). Watershed infarct was associated with internal carotid artery stenosis ≥70% (OR, 11.7; 95% CI, 1.8–76.8;
P
=0.01) and increased left ventricular ejection fraction (OR, 1.6 per 5% increase; 95% CI, 1.08–2.4;
P
=0.02).

Conclusions—

The principal mechanism of acute cerebral infarction after aortic valve replacement is embolism. There are distinct factors associated with watershed and embolic infarct, some of which may be modifiable.
Two new species of Myrcia (Myrtaceae) from Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: CALIARI CLAUDIA PIGATTI , SOUZA VINICIUS CASTRO , MAZINE FIORELLA F.
Published: July 2016

Two new species of Myrcia from the Atlantic rainforest in southeastern Brazil, Myrcia congestiflora and Myrcia longipaniculata are here described and illustrated. Myrcia congestiflora occurs in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro states and is similar to Myrcia cerqueiria, differing by having densely sericeous indumentum (versus sparse and shorter trichomes), larger flowers and flower buds (flower buds with 3–4 mm versus 1.1 mm long) and by acute or obtuse calyx lobes rather than rounded. Myrcia longipaniculata is known for one collection from the boundary of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro differing from Myrcia spectabilis mainly by the longer inflorescence size (29 cm versus 3.5–21.5 cm long.) as well as for presenting a strong reddish or ferruginous indumentum (versus brown to yellowish).
Fifteen new species of the spider genus Pholcus (Araneae: Pholcidae) from Southeast Asia
Authors: DONG TINGTING , ZHENG GUO , YAO ZHIYUAN , LI SHUQIANG
Published: July 2016

Fifteen new species from six species groups of the genus Pholcus Walckenaer, 1805 are described from Southeast Asia: Pholcus hinsonensis sp. nov. (male & female, Thailand) and P. tharnlodensis sp. nov. (male & female, Thailand) from the P. bidentatus species group; P. kottawagamaensis sp. nov. (male & female, Sri Lanka) from the P. ethagala species group; P. cenranaensis sp. nov. (male & female, Indonesia) and P. krachensis sp. nov. (male, Thailand) from the P. gracillimus species group; P. anaiensis sp. nov. (male, Indonesia), P. ballarini sp. nov. (male & female, Thailand), P. gou sp. nov. (male & female, Myanmar), P. wan sp. nov. (male & female, Thailand) and P. zhuchuandiani sp. nov. (male & female, Indonesia) from the P. halabala species group; P. chiangmaiensis sp. nov. (male & female, Thailand) and P. taptaoensis sp. nov. (male & female, Thailand) from the P. quinquenotatus species group; P. kaebyaiensis sp. nov. (male & female, Thailand), P. musensis sp. nov. (male & female, Thailand) and P. songkhonensis sp. nov. (male & female, Thailand) from the P. yichengicus species group.
Bottomless barrel-sponge species in the Indo-Pacific?
Authors: SETIAWAN EDWIN , VOOGD NICOLE J. DE , HOOPER JOHN N.A. , WÖRHEIDE GERT , ERPENBECK DIRK
Published: July 2016

The use of nuclear markers, in addition to traditional mitochondrial markers, helps to clarify hidden patterns of genetic structure in natural populations (Palumbi & Baker, 1994). This is particularly evident among demosponges that possess slow mitochondrial evolutionary rates compared to Bilateria, where nuclear intron markers can aid in the understanding of shallow level phylogenetic relationships (Shearer et al., 2002). Ideally, these nuclear markers (i) are evolutionary well-conserved across different lineages, (ii) produce amplicons holding a number of sites with sufficient variability to answer the relevant phylogenetic question, (iii) derive from single copy genes (see review in Zhang & Hewitt, 2003). A popular method to amplify intron markers uses EPIC (Exon-Primed, Intron-Crossing) primers that anneal to the more conserved flanking exon regions and subsequently bridge the intron during amplification (Palumbi & Baker, 1994).
Taxonomic note of Oberea fuscipennis (Chevrolat, 1852) based on morphological and DNA barcode data (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae)
Authors: LI ZHU , TIAN LICHAO , CUCCODORO GIULIO , CHEN LI , LU CHENG
Published: July 2016

Oberea fuscipennis (Chevrolat, 1852) species group is revised based on morphology and DNA barcode data. Oberea diversipes Pic, 1919 and O. infratestacea Pic, 1936 are restored from synonymy. The following two new synonymies are proposed: Oberea fuscipennis ssp. fairmairei Breuning, 1962 = Oberea diversipes Pic, 1919; and Oberea hanoiensis Pic, 1923 = O. fuscipennis (Chevrolat, 1852)
The Physics of Drought in the U.S. Central Great Plains
Authors: Livneh Ben , Hoerling Martin P.
Published: July 2016

The semiarid U.S. Great Plains is prone to severe droughts having major consequences for agricultural production, livestock health, and river navigation. The recent 2012 event was accompanied by record deficits in precipitation and high temperatures during the May–August growing season. Here the physics of Great Plains drought are explored by addressing how meteorological drivers induce soil moisture deficits during the growing season. Land surface model (LSM) simulations driven by daily observed meteorological forcing from 1950 to 2013 compare favorably with satellite-derived terrestrial water anomalies and reproduce key features found in the U.S. Drought Monitor. Results from simulations by two LSMs reveal that precipitation was directly responsible for between 72% and 80% of the soil moisture depletion during 2012, and likewise has accounted for the majority of Great Plains soil moisture variability since 1950. Energy balance considerations indicate that a large fraction of the growing season temperature variability is itself driven by precipitation, pointing toward an even larger net contribution of precipitation to soil moisture variability.

To assess robustness across a larger sample of drought events, daily meteorological output from 1050 years of climate simulations, representative of conditions in 1979–2013, are used to drive two LSMs. Growing season droughts, and low soil moisture conditions especially, are confirmed to result principally from rainfall deficits. Antecedent meteorological and soil moisture conditions are shown to affect growing season soil moisture, but their effects are secondary to forcing by contemporaneous rainfall deficits. This understanding of the physics of growing season droughts is used to comment on plausible Great Plains soil moisture changes in a warmer world.
Impact of Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio on Clinical Outcomes in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Sun Xi-Peng , Li Jing , Zhu Wei-Wei , Li Dong-Bao , Chen Hui , Li Hong-Wei , Chen Wen-Ming , Hua Qi
Published: July 2016

We investigated the association between platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and clinical outcomes (including all-cause mortality, recurrent myocardial infarction, heart failure, serious cardiac arrhythmias and ischemic stroke) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Based on PLR quartiles, 5886 patients with STEMI were categorized into 4 groups: <98.8 (n = 1470), 98.8 to 125.9 (n = 1474), 126.0 to 163.3 (n = 1478), >163.3 (n = 1464), respectively. We used Cox proportional hazards models to examine the relation between PLR and clinical outcomes. Mean duration of follow-up was 81.6 months, and 948 patients (16.1%) died during follow-up. The lowest mortality occurred in the lowest PLR quartile group ( P = 0.006), with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.18 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.55), 1.31 (95% CI, 1.18-1.64), and 1.59 (95% CI, 1.33-1.94) in patients with PLR of 98.8 to 125.9, 126.0 to 163.3, >163.3, respectively. Higher levels of PLR were also associated with recurrent myocardial infarction ( Ptrend = .023), heart failure ( Ptrend = .018), and ischemic stroke ( Ptrend = .043). In conclusion, a higher PLR was associated with recurrent myocardial infarction, heart failure, ischemic stroke, and all-cause mortality in patients with STEMI.
Roger Blair and Intellectual Property
Authors: Hylton Keith N.
Published: July 2016

Although intellectual property is just a sidelight of Roger Blair’s work, he has published at least seven articles and coauthored a book on this subject. Blair’s work sets out robust economic models that address nearly all of the significant economic issues in intellectual property. Moreover, by using the property rules framework, he has offered a useful counterweight to the reward-to-loss theory that dominates the literature.
Roger Blair and the Goals of Antitrust
Authors: Hovenkamp Herbert
Published: July 2016

This article examines Roger Blair’s remarkable scholarship concerning the goals of the antitrust laws. Blair has been a consistent advocate of a “general welfare” as opposed to a “consumer welfare” standard for antitrust, but he has also repeatedly observed that the choice of a test makes a difference in only a few cases. His scholarship also uncovered important inconsistencies in antitrust analysis. One is its treatment of bilateral monopoly, in which antitrust often condemns practice that are welfare increasing to the extent that they reflect the presence of countervailing power in bilateral monopoly markets. For example, buyers’ cartels in response to seller market power are unlawful per se even though many are welfare improvements over the existing situation. Consistent with his premise, Blair advocates a strong efficiency defense in merger cases, and shows that the Albrecht rule condemning maximum resale price maintenance is indefensible on both general welfare and consumer welfare grounds.
The Role of Religious Support in Reentry
Authors: Stansfield Richard , Mowen Thomas J. , O’Connor Thomas , Boman John H.
Published: July 2016

Objective:

Research on the relationship between religion and criminal recidivism has produced encouraging but ultimately inconclusive findings. This study offers a new direction for studying the role of religious support in reentry, providing a longitudinal analysis of the effect of change in religious support on both crime and noncrime outcomes postrelease.

Methods:

Employing mixed-effects longitudinal analyses, this study uses data from the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative to examine the impact of religious support on postrelease substance use, criminal recidivism, and employment.

Results:

Religious support had strong and robust prosocial effects on both postrelease employment and substance use. The relationship between religious support and recidivism, however, did not reach statistical significance when we added social support to the research model.

Conclusion:

Religious support and meaning making seems to help people address their criminogenic needs and also seems to be an important responsivity factor that is often overlooked in criminological theory and practice. Religious support must therefore be recognized as an important theoretical and practical variable in current efforts to develop successful reentry pathways.
Ethico-legal issues related to ovarian tissue transplantation
Authors: Voultsos P , Raikos N , Vasileiadis N , Spiliopoulou Ch , Tarlatzis B
Published: July 2016

Ovarian tissue transplantation (OTT) is a promising experimental method which may soon become well-established. In cases of minor oncology, where patients’ fertility is seriously threatened by treatment, it may be applied as a unique fertility preservation option. OTT has a dual nature (‘organ’ and ‘gamete’). Many stakeholders are involved, including donor, recipient, child, health-care providers and society at large. There is considerable uncertainty about the long-term consequences of the application of OTT and OT cryopreservation (OTC). Thus, application of OTT gives rise to a number of very different ethico-legal issues and dilemmas which are hard to solve coherently through a principlism-based bioethical approach. This study focuses on such dilemmas and attempts to review them. The role of virtue ethics, which may be combined with principlism, is essential to solve such dilemmas coherently and reasonably. Dealing with conflicts of ethical principles equivalent between them, or moral dilemmas without available answers and mind-sharing in a difficult interpersonal process of decision making, requires a virtue-based ethical approach. Besides, ethico-legal issues related to OTC/OTT are complex issues requiring a multidisciplinary approach (ethical considerations, medical, psychological and social evaluations etc.). We stress the crucial role of multidisciplinary Ethics Committee which is considered indispensable for each reproductive health-care unit practicing OTC/OTT.
Examining Competing Models of Transformational Leadership, Leadership Trust, Change Commitment, and Job Satisfaction
Authors: Yang Yi-Feng
Published: July 2016

This study discusses the influence of transformational leadership on job satisfaction through assessing six alternative models related to the mediators of leadership trust and change commitment utilizing a data sample ( N = 341; M age = 32.5 year, SD = 5.2) for service promotion personnel in Taiwan. The bootstrap sampling technique was used to select the better fitting model. The tool of hierarchical nested model analysis was applied, along with the approaches of bootstrapping mediation, PRODCLIN2, and structural equation modeling comparison. The results overall demonstrate that leadership is important and that leadership role identification (trust) and workgroup cohesiveness (commitment) form an ordered serial relationship.
Autocrine release of angiopoietin-2 mediates cerebrovascular disintegration in Moyamoya disease
Authors: Blecharz Kinga G , Frey Dietmar , Schenkel Tobias , Prinz Vincent , Bedini Gloria , Krug Susanne M , Czabanka Marcus , Wagner Josephin , Fromm Michael , Bersano Anna , Vajkoczy Peter
Published: July 2016

Moyamoya disease is a rare steno-occlusive cerebrovascular disorder often resulting in hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes. Although sharing the same ischemic stimulus with atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease, Moyamoya disease is characterized by a highly instable cerebrovascular system which is prone to rupture due to pathological neovascularization. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this instability, angiopoietin-2 gene expression was analyzed in middle cerebral artery lesions obtained from Moyamoya disease and atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease patients. Angiopoietin-2 was significantly up-regulated in Moyamoya vessels, while serum concentrations of soluble angiopoietins were not changed. For further evaluations, cerebral endothelial cells incubated with serum from these patients in vitro were applied. In contrast to atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease serum, Moyamoya disease serum induced an angiopoietin-2 overexpression and secretion, accompanied by loss of endothelial integrity. These effects were absent or inverse in endothelial cells of non-brain origin suggesting brain endothelium specificity. The destabilizing effects on brain endothelial cells to Moyamoya disease serum were partially suppressed by the inhibition of angiopoietin-2. Our findings define brain endothelial cells as the potential source of vessel-destabilizing factors inducing the high plasticity state and disintegration in Moyamoya disease in an autocrine manner. We also provide new insights into Moyamoya disease pathophysiology that may be helpful for preventive treatment strategies in future.
Blunt Force Trauma in Veterinary Forensic Pathology
Authors: Ressel L. , Hetzel U. , Ricci E.
Published: July 2016

Veterinary pathologists commonly encounter lesions of blunt trauma. The development of lesions is affected by the object’s mass, velocity, size, shape, and angle of impact and by the plasticity and mobility of the impacted organ. Scrape, impact, and pattern abrasions cause localized epidermal loss and sometimes broken hairs and implanted foreign material. Contusions are best identified after reflecting the skin, and must be differentiated from coagulopathies and livor mortis. Lacerations—traumatic tissue tears—may have irregular margins, bridging by more resilient tissue, deviation of the wound tail, crushed hairs, and unilateral abrasion. Hanging or choking can cause circumferential cervical abrasions, contusions and rupture of hairs, hyoid bone fractures, and congestion of the head. Other special forms of blunt trauma include fractured nails, pressure sores, and dog bites. Ocular blunt trauma causes extraocular and intraocular hemorrhages, proptosis, or retinal detachment. The thoracic viscera are relatively protected from blunt trauma but may develop hemorrhages in intercostal muscles, rib fractures, pulmonary or cardiac contusions or lacerations with subsequent hemothorax, pneumothorax, or cardiac arrhythmia. The abdominal wall is resilient and moveable, yet the liver and spleen are susceptible to traumatic laceration or rupture. Whereas extravasation of blood can occur after death, evidence of vital injury includes leukocyte infiltration, erythrophagocytosis, hemosiderin, reparative lesions of fibroblast proliferation, myocyte regeneration in muscle, and callus formation in bone. Understanding these processes aids in the diagnosis of blunt force trauma including estimation of the age of resulting injuries.
Faces in Context: Does Face Perception Depend on the Orientation of the Visual Scene?
Authors: Taubert Jessica , van Golde Celine , Verstraten Frans A. J.
Published: July 2016

The mechanisms held responsible for familiar face recognition are thought to be orientation dependent; inverted faces are more difficult to recognize than their upright counterparts. Although this effect of inversion has been investigated extensively, researchers have typically sliced faces from photographs and presented them in isolation. As such, it is not known whether the perceived orientation of a face is inherited from the visual scene in which it appears. Here, we address this question by measuring performance in a simultaneous same–different task while manipulating both the orientation of the faces and the scene. We found that the face inversion effect survived scene inversion. Nonetheless, an improvement in performance when the scene was upside down suggests that sensitivity to identity increased when the faces were more easily segmented from the scene. Thus, while these data identify congruency with the visual environment as a contributing factor in recognition performance, they imply different mechanisms operate on upright and inverted faces.
Self-Esteem Shapes the Impact of GPA and General Health on Facebook Addiction
Authors: Baturay Meltem Huri , Toker Sacip
Published: July 2016

This study investigates the mediation impact of grade point average (GPA) and general health positive on Facebook addiction via self-esteem (SE) under the provision of active daily use of Facebook. We reached 120 participants who are college students. Our sample comprised 63 (52.5%) females and 57 (47.5%) males. We collected data through an online questionnaire. Structural equation modeling using IBM SPSS AMOS and mediation analysis were performed. The findings of the study suggested that SE is a critical and shaping construct when the decreasing impact of both GPA and general health positive on Facebook addiction is a concern. College students with low GPA and general health–positive feelings have low SE, which in turn increases the possibility of becoming a Facebook addict. Moreover, active daily use of Facebook is another factor triggering addiction. Recommendations and further research studies are presented.
Microblogging as an extension of science reporting
Authors: Büchi Moritz
Published: July 2016

Mass media have long provided general publics with science news. New media such as Twitter have entered this system and provide an additional platform for the dissemination of science information. Based on automated collection and analysis of >900 news articles and 70,000 tweets, this study explores the online communication of current science news. Topic modeling (latent Dirichlet allocation) was used to extract five broad themes of science reporting: space missions, the US government shutdown, cancer research, Nobel Prizes, and climate change. Using content and network analysis, Twitter was found to extend public science communication by providing additional voices and contextualizations of science issues. It serves a recommender role by linking to web resources, connecting users, and directing users’ attention. This article suggests that microblogging adds a new and relevant layer to the public communication of science.
Creating HIV/AIDS Awareness through Localized Communication for Health Development in South Africa
Authors: Nelson Okorie , Bigala Paul
Published: July 2016

HIV/AIDS is a perennial health issue in South Africa; the disease was the major cause of the 200,000 deaths in South Africa in 2013. The menace has increased with the increase in the number of people living with HIV/AIDS in South Africa, despite the rigorous preventive strategies that were adopted in the country. This article explores localism in communication as a tool of health development in promoting HIV/AIDS awareness and knowledge in Africa, with a particular reference to South Africa. This article draws attention to the various localized channels of communicating development messages in relation to their significance in facilitating HIV/AIDS awareness and knowledge.
Husband/Partner Intoxication and Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in the Philippines
Authors: Kerridge Bradley T. , Tran Phu
Published: July 2016

This study examined husband/partner intoxication and experience with physical, sexual, and emotional intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) using data derived from a nationally representative survey conducted in the Philippines in 2013. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between intoxication and 3 different types of intimate partner violence against women. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine intoxication and severity of violence. In this sample, 28.8% of women reported experiencing any form of intimate partner violence and 92.9% of women reported their partner being intoxicated at least sometimes. Intoxication was significantly associated with all 3 types of intimate partner violence, while the odds of experiencing one form of IPVAW versus no form of IPVAW and 2 forms of IPVAW versus 1 form of IPVAW was greater among women reporting frequency of husband/partner intoxication as often.
Generation 3.0: Popularity of the national German team among Israeli soccer fans
Authors: Tamir Ilan
Published: July 2016

Overshadowed by the events of WWII and Germany’s responsibility for the Jewish Holocaust, German–Israel relations are both sensitive and complicated. The memories of the Holocaust and Nazi crimes continue to pervade many areas of life in Israel, as these memories are regularly manipulated by multiple stakeholders. The present study examines the recently growing popularity of the German soccer team among Jewish-Israelis and how past events involving Germany affect fans’ support and sentiments. The findings of this study revealed fans’ dissonance: while fans passionately support the style of soccer of the German team and its players, they are nonetheless challenged by Germany’s role in the Holocaust and consequently adopt various cognitive defenses. A portion of the fans consider their support for the German team as an ingress into European culture; support for the German team is considered antithetical to Israeli culture that supposedly represents a type of sloppiness and imperfect performance. For another portion of the fans, support for Germany represents a Jewish victory over the Nazi motivation to annihilate the Jewish people in the Holocaust.
Minimally Invasive and Open Distal Chevron Osteotomy for Mild to Moderate Hallux Valgus
Authors: Brogan Kit , Lindisfarne Edward , Akehurst Harold , Farook Usama , Shrier Will , Palmer Simon
Published: July 2016

Background:

Minimally invasive surgical (MIS) techniques are increasingly being used in foot and ankle surgery but it is important that they are adopted only once they have been shown to be equivalent or superior to open techniques. We believe that the main advantages of MIS are found in the early postoperative period, but in order to adopt it as a technique longer-term studies are required. The aim of this study was to compare the 2-year outcomes of a third-generation MIS distal chevron osteotomy with a comparable traditional open distal chevron osteotomy for mild-moderate hallux valgus. Our null hypothesis was that the 2 techniques would yield equivalent clinical and radiographic results at 2 years.

Methods:

This was a retrospective cohort study. Eighty-one consecutive feet (49 MIS and 32 open distal chevron osteotomies) were followed up for a minimum 24 months (range 24-58). All patients were clinically assessed using the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire. Radiographic measures included hallux valgus angle, the intermetatarsal angle, hallux interphalangeal angle, metatarsal phalangeal joint angle, distal metatarsal articular angle, tibial sesamoid position, shape of the first metatarsal head, and plantar offset. Statistical analysis was done using Student t test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous data and Pearson chi-square test for categorical data.

Results:

Clinical and radiologic postoperative scores in all domains were substantially improved in both groups ( P < .001), but there was no statistically significant difference in improvement of any domain between open and MIS groups ( P > .05). There were no significant differences in complications between the 2 groups ( > .5).

Conclusion:

The midterm results of this third-generation technique show that it was a safe procedure with good clinical outcomes and comparable to traditional open techniques for symptomatic mild-moderate hallux valgus.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Testing worm gears with cooperating elements made of different materials
Authors: Sabiniak Henryk G
Published: July 2016

The author tested the efficiency, load-carrying capacity, and the type of friction in a meshing of a worm gear having the same parameters as worms made of carburized and quenched steel and worm-wheels made of steel, cast iron, and bronze. The type of friction was identified in case of worm gears with steel and cast iron worm-wheel at a volume temperature of the worm-wheel of 100 ℃; these gears did not demonstrate the tendency to seizure. The value of resistance of an oil film formed between the worm and the worm-wheel was accepted as the criterion of the existing type of friction in the meshing during mating of these two elements. The resistance of the oil film in the worm meshing was measured twice each time for two directions of the passage of electric current to avoid the effect of possibly occurring polarization phenomenon. Obtained values were averaged. During the course of the experiments, the image of friction was observed on the screen of an oscilloscope. Obtained values of the oil film resistance prove the low participation of fluid friction in the worm meshing with the worm-wheel made of steel as well as of cast iron. In case of the gear with the steel worm-wheel, the decrease of resistance in comparison with the bronze worm-wheel amounted to approximately 10 times and that of cast iron to almost 100 times. On the basis of the tests one can state that the application of steel worm-wheels and in particularly cast iron worm wheels makes it difficult for the fluid friction to occur while the application of a traditional material mating pair (a steel worm–a bronze worm-wheel) forms conditions for the occurrence of a mixed friction with a very high (approximately 99%) participation of fluid friction.
Charting the moral life courses: A theory of moral development in U.S. evangelical and mainline Protestant cultures
Authors: McKenzie Jessica , Jensen Lene Arnett
Published: July 2016

Drawing from qualitative analyses of interviews, ethnographic data, and a review of interdisciplinary literature, this manuscript puts forth a theory of moral life course narratives among U.S. evangelical and mainline Protestants. This theory delineates the relationship between religious worldviews and conceptions of moral behaviors, and the manner in which these worldviews and attendant moral conceptions change across the life course for community members. Grounded theory analyses of 32 participants’ divinity-based moral discourses were interpreted in conjunction with their worldviews, as well as church, home, and school contexts. Analyses indicated that evangelical children highlighted their moral transgressions because they regarded themselves as still quite close to a sinful birth. Evangelical adults, who had been saved and were moving toward God, temporally and spiritually distanced themselves from the morally wrong deeds of their youth. Meanwhile, mainline children and adolescents rarely reasoned about their moral experiences in terms of divinity. This finding is understood in light of their church’s emphasis on developing an individualized relationship with God over time. The study and resultant theory elaborate cultural constructions and transmissions of moral life course narratives that, in turn, provide a framework for understanding when, why, and how divinity enters into moral meaning making for cultural community members. We conclude by advocating for theoretical, methodological, and analytical approaches that expose the cultural nature of developmentally dynamic moral selves.
Making the ‘modern’ family: The discourse of sexuality in the Family Planning Program in South Korea
Authors: Cho Eunjoo
Published: July 2016

Sexuality in the Family Planning Program (FPP) has been largely overlooked, even though the practice of birth control is inextricably connected with procreative behavior. Focusing on the sexuality discourse of the FPP in South Korea, this article examines the process of constructing an intimacy sphere and making modern families in a non-western society. The FPP was adopted as national policy and implemented by the military junta during the repressive dictatorship in the 1960 and 1970s. However, contrary to the public perception of FPP as a coercive intervention into people’s personal lives, the FPP took a critical stance regarding the repression of sexuality and stressed the pleasurable aspect of sexuality, disconnecting it from procreation and associating it with love. By analyzing this unexpected aspect, this article highlights that the emphasis on the association of sex, love and marriage was a western concept ushered into the modern Korean family in a postcolonial context. Women’s sexual desire was justified and encouraged—but conversely, women’s autonomy became bound to a sexual dimension and embedded in the marital relationship as the core of the South Korean ‘modern’ family.
Contract Extensions
Authors: Krautmann Anthony C.
Published: July 2016

This article is concerned with how contract extensions create incentives that affect the characteristics of compensation of Major League Baseball players. We begin with a description of a number of attributes of the negotiation process. Using a sample of contract extensions, we summarize a number of characteristics of this phenomenon. For example, we show how both sides are made better off as a result of these negotiations and that most extensions take place during the last year of the existing contract. Furthermore, for those players with less than 6 years of service, the new contract typically extends beyond the player’s arbitration-eligible years.
Ultrasound as a screening tool in the follow-up of asymptomatic congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation
Authors: Adin Mehmet Emin
Published: July 2016

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation accounts for the vast majority of congenital cystic lung pathologies. The clinical spectrum of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation is wide and ranges from silent incidental lesions to severe congenital respiratory distress or stillbirths. Management of clinically silent lesions is still a matter of debate, with conservative follow-up being a popular approach during the last decade. However, an optimal methodology of follow-up is yet to be determined. In this study, ultrasound is proposed as a follow-up tool for clinically silent lesions based on the findings in a case with known congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation from the antenatal period, which has been followed up for four years.
Data Journalism Versus Traditional Journalism in Election Reporting
Authors: Solop Frederic I. , Wonders Nancy A.
Published: July 2016

This article employs a grounded, qualitative analysis of election reporting to examine competing narratives constructed by media professionals covering the 2012 presidential election. Traditional journalists covered the election using time-worn strategies. In contrast, new data journalists relied upon analyses of large quantitative data sets to generate election stories. Two competing narratives emerged from these different reporting strategies: traditional journalists reported the election as competitive and volatile while data journalists reported the election as stable and consistent. Utilizing analytic frameworks from the media and politics literature, this article explores why the competition narrative provided by traditional journalists dominated election reporting, despite the greater accuracy of data journalists. Our analysis reveals that organizational, market, and structural forces tend to privilege competitive election narratives. To incorporate data journalists more centrally into future election coverage, we recommend heightening the transparency of their work and encouraging greater utilization of the digital commons for news distribution.
A service improvement project to review prescribing information provided by general practitioners for new referrals to a UK National Health Service hospital pain clinic: potential implications of CYP2D6 enzyme inhibition
Authors: Radford Helen , Fitzgerald Pauline , Martin Stephen , Johnson Mark I
Published: July 2016

Introduction:

Chronic pain is often managed using co-prescription of analgesics and adjuvants, with concomitant medication prescribed for comorbidities. Patients may have suboptimal response to some analgesics or be at risk of drug interactions or adverse drug reactions (ADRs) due to polypharmacy affecting CYP2D6 enzyme activity. The aim of the service improvement project was to determine the proportion of patients referred to a specialist pain service in the UK National Health Service (NHS) by general practitioners (GPs) who may be at risk of suboptimal analgesic response or ADRs due to CYP2D6 inhibition through polypharmacy. This was achieved by reviewing clinical prescribing information provided by GPs at time of referral. It was hoped that the findings could be used to aid clinical and prescribing decisions without conducting CYP2D6 genotyping or phenotyping.

Methods:

A review of letters from 250 patients referred to an NHS hospital pain service from GPs over a 3-month period was undertaken. Information about current and concomitant medications was analysed to identify the potential for CYP2D6 inhibition and adverse events.

Results:

Letters failed to provide information about current pain medication for 20 (8%) patients or non-pain concomitant medication for 54 (21.6%) patients. Of 176 patients, 52 (29.5%) patients with information about non-pain concomitant medication had been prescribed at least one known CYP2D6 inhibitor. A total of 35 (19.9%) patients were identified as being at risk of an adverse drug reaction and 33 (18.75%) patients at risk of suboptimal analgesic response due to co-administration of CYP2D6 inhibitors.

Conclusion:

The review revealed the need for improved detail in GP referral letters used to transfer care to UK NHS hospital pain clinics. There is a need to consider an individual’s CYP2D6 phenotype when prescribing analgesic prodrugs to manage persistent pain. Caution is needed when patients are co-prescribed codeine or tramadol with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).
Preconditions for district nurses’ telephone counselling during call-time in municipal home care: An observational study
Authors: Jonasson Lise-Lotte , Holgersson Ann , Nytomt Maria , Josefsson Karin
Published: July 2016

Telephone counselling is a growing and complex task for district nurses in municipal home care, especially during evenings and at weekends. Work at call-time is often handled via telephone from cars, without access to records or other information about patients. There is a lack of research in this subject. The aim of this study was to explore preconditions for district nurses’ telephone counselling at call-time. An observational study with an inductive approach was conducted. A structural protocol was used with a following open question. Seven district nurses who worked in home care in two municipalities in Sweden participated. Data were analysed using content analysis. Five categories were identified: ‘availability’, ‘professionalism’, ‘communicability, ‘secure approach’, and ‘technical approach’. Accessibility appears to be given priority over security. Ethical reflection is required on telephone management policy for district nurses’ telephone counselling while driving and other interventions that require undivided attention.
The Unique Associations of Academic Experiences With Depressive Symptoms in Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Newcomb-Anjo Sarah E. , Villemaire-Krajden Rosanne , Takefman Katie , Barker Erin T.
Published: July 2016

Research has shown that university students are at increased risk of developing depression and related symptoms. The goal of the present study was to examine whether academic experiences relate to depressive symptoms in emerging adults, over and above a set of established depression risk factors. Participants ( N = 903), ages 18–25 years, completed a series of questionnaires about risk factors for depression, academic experiences, and depressive symptoms. Results of a hierarchical multiple regression model showed that features of the academic experience were associated with depressive symptoms, over and above the effects of established risk factors. In particular, perceived academic stress, disengagement from studies, and loneliness at university were significant predictors of depressive symptoms. This research highlights the role of subjective academic experiences as potential risk factors for depressive symptoms in university students.
Initial Dosing and Taper Complexity of Methadone and Morphine for Treatment of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Authors: Ibach Bethany W. , Johnson Peter N. , Ernst Kimberly D. , Harrison Donald , Miller Jamie L.
Published: July 2016

Background: Methadone and morphine are commonly used to treat neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). Limited data exist to describe the most appropriate initial doses and taper regimens of these agents. Objectives: Describe the median initial dose and frequency of methadone and morphine for NAS. Compare dose adjustments, time to symptom relief, and taper complexity between groups. Methods: Retrospective study of neonates receiving enteral methadone or morphine for NAS over a 4-year period. Data collection included medication regimen, abstinence scores based on the Modified Finnegan Neonatal Abstinence Scoring Tool, and adverse events. Planned home taper complexity was assessed using the Medication Taper Complexity Score–Revised (MTCS-R). The primary outcome was initial opioid dose. Secondary outcomes included number of dose adjustments, time to symptom relief, and MTCS-R score. Results: Fifty neonates were initially treated for NAS with methadone (n = 36) or morphine (n = 14). The median initial dose was 0.09 mg/kg (range = 0.03-0.2) for methadone and 0.04 mg/kg (range = 0.03-0.4) for morphine. The most common initial dosing interval was q8h for methadone versus q3h for morphine. Number of dose adjustments and time to symptom relief were similar between groups. Median MTCS-R scores were similar between groups. There was no difference in adverse events between groups. Limitations included small sample size, preference toward methadone use, and variability of initial opioid dosing and titration. Conclusions: There was significant variability in initial doses of both agents. Neonates receiving methadone required less frequent dosing than morphine, which may result in easier administration and may allow for safer outpatient administration.
A convergence data model for medical information related to acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Lee Meeyeon , Park Ye-Seul , Kim Myoung-Hee , Lee Jung-Won
Published: July 2016

Medical and health data has become accepted as the highly worthful and useful big data. However, the current medical information systems have aimed for digitalizaing, storing, and transferring clinical materials. Therefore, many experts assert the needs for the intelligent management and utilization of medical information. In this paper, in order to manage medical data which is separately stored in various materials, we attempt to define a convergence data model by analyzing characteristics and semantic relations of medical data. In particular, since essential clinical materials and medical data for the diagnoses and treatments depend on the kind of diseases, the proposed data model is applied to a target disease, AMI (acute myocardial infarction). Our model can contribute to the effective management and provision of medical data.
Bendamustine in Combination With Gemcitabine and Vinorelbine Is an Effective Regimen As Induction Chemotherapy Before Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation for Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma: Final Results of a Multicenter Phase II Study
Authors: Santoro Armando , Mazza Rita , Pulsoni Alessandro , Re Alessandro , Bonfichi Maurizio , Zilioli Vittorio Ruggero , Salvi Flavia , Merli Francesco , Anastasia Antonella , Luminari Stefano , Annechini Giorgia , Gotti Manuel , Peli Annalisa , Liberati Anna Marina , Di Renzo Nicola , Castagna Luca , Giordano Laura , Carlo-Stella Carmelo
Published: July 2016

Purpose

This multicenter, open-label, phase II study evaluated the combination of bendamustine, gemcitabine, and vinorelbine (BeGEV) as induction therapy before autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) in patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma (HL).

Patients and Methods

Patients with HL who were refractory to or had relapsed after one previous chemotherapy line were eligible. The primary end point was complete response (CR) rate after four cycles of therapy. Secondary end points were: overall response rate, stem-cell mobilization activity, and toxicity. Progression-free and overall survival were also evaluated.

Results

In total, 59 patients were enrolled. After four cycles of therapy, 43 patients (73%) achieved CR, and six (10%) achieved partial response, for an overall response rate of 83%. The most common grade 3 to 4 nonhematologic toxicities included febrile neutropenia (n = 7) and infection (n = 4). Regarding hematologic toxicities, grade 3 to 4 thrombocytopenia and neutropenia were each experienced by eight patients (13.5%). CD34+ cells were successfully harvested in 55 of 57 evaluable patients, and 43 of 49 responding patients underwent ASCT. With a median follow-up of 29 months, the 2-year progression-free and overall survival rates for the total population were 62.2% and 77.6%, respectively. The same figures for patients undergoing autograft were 80.8% and 89.3%, respectively.

Conclusion

This phase II study demonstrates that BeGEV is an effective salvage regimen able to induce CR in a high proportion of patients with relapsed or refractory HL before ASCT. These data provide a strong rationale for further development of the BeGEV regimen.
The Stages of Managed Care Regulation: Developing Better Rules
Authors: Noble Alice A. , Brennan Troyen A.
Published: July 2016

The managed care industry is at a crossroads. Belief in the ability of market forces alone to create an environment fostering quality health care at lower cost is eroding. Regulators across the country are confronted with a growing consumer backlash against managed care. As a result, states have passed managed care reform legislation at unprecedented rates. In doing so, states are confronted with a patchwork of federal intervention and preemption. We examine the stages of these recent state and federal developments and evaluate them in terms of the traditional objectives of a reasonably functioning health care system: quality care, access, and cost containment.
Telomeres in aging and disease: lessons from zebrafish
Authors: Carneiro Madalena C. , de Castro Inês Pimenta , Ferreira Miguel Godinho
Published: July 2016

Age is the highest risk factor for some of the most prevalent human diseases, including cancer. Telomere shortening is thought to play a central role in the aging process in humans. The link between telomeres and aging is highlighted by the fact that genetic diseases causing telomerase deficiency are associated with premature aging and increased risk of cancer. For the last two decades, this link has been mostly investigated using mice that have long telomeres. However, zebrafish has recently emerged as a powerful and complementary model system to study telomere biology. Zebrafish possess human-like short telomeres that progressively decline with age, reaching lengths in old age that are observed when telomerase is mutated. The extensive characterization of its well-conserved molecular and cellular physiology makes this vertebrate an excellent model to unravel the underlying relationship between telomere shortening, tissue regeneration, aging and disease. In this Review, we explore the advantages of using zebrafish in telomere research and discuss the primary discoveries made in this model that have contributed to expanding our knowledge of how telomere attrition contributes to cellular senescence, organ dysfunction and disease.
Professor Robert McNeill Alexander CBE FRS (1934–2016)
Authors: Ker Robert F.
Published: July 2016

Robert McNeill Alexander, known to friends and colleagues as ‘Neill’, was a zoologist with an engineer's eye for how animals work. He used mathematical models to show how evolution has produced optimal designs. His skill was to choose appropriate models: realistic enough to contain the essence of a problem and yet simple enough to be tractable. He wrote fluently and easily: 23 books, 280 papers and a CD-ROM entitled How Animals Move.