bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Present Innovations to Future Potential: The Promising Journey of Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Parvizi Pooya , Jalilian Milad , Amidi Alireza Mohammadi , Zangeneh Mohammad Reza , Riba Jordi-Roger
Published: February 2025

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become integral to modern technology, powering portable electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy storage systems. This document explores the complexities and advancements in LIB technology, highlighting the fundamental components such as anodes, cathodes, electrolytes, and separators. It delves into the critical interplay of these components in determining battery performance, including energy density, cycling stability, and safety. Moreover, the document addresses the significant sustainability challenges posed by the widespread adoption of LIBs, focusing on resource depletion and environmental impact. Various recycling practices, including hydrometallurgy, pyrometallurgy, and direct recycling, are evaluated for their efficiency in metal recovery and ecological footprint. The advancements in recycling technologies aim to mitigate the adverse effects of LIB waste, emphasizing the need for sustainable and scalable solutions. The research underscores the importance of ongoing innovation in electrode materials and recycling methodologies, reminding us of our responsibility and commitment to finding and implementing these solutions, as this continuous improvement is crucial to enhance the performance, safety, and sustainability of LIBs, ensuring their continued relevance in the evolving energy storage landscape.
Design, Analysis, and Simulation of a MEMS Tuning Fork Gyroscope with a Mechanical Amplification Structure
Authors: Hu Haotian , Calusi Benedetta , Bagolini Alvise , Pantano Maria F.
Published: February 2025

This paper describes a novel micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) tuning fork gyroscope (TFG) design that employs a chevron-shaped displacement mechanism to amplify the displacement generated by the Coriolis force, thereby increasing the TFG’s mechanical sensitivity. This approach was evaluated using both theoretical modeling and finite element analysis (FEA), and the results showed a high degree of agreement between the two methods. A conventional TFG having a comparable area was also designed and analyzed for comparison purposes. By introducing the displacement amplification mechanism, the proposed MEMS TFG design provides an output displacement about 2.5 times higher than the conventional design, according to the computation, without increasing the device footprint. Theoretical analysis and FEA on the TFG with amplification and a conventional TFG confirmed that the amplified displacement significantly improves the mechanical sensitivity of the gyroscope compared to conventional TFG designs.
A Fast Slicing Method for Colored Models Based on Colored Triangular Prism and OpenGL
Authors: Xia Lei , Yan Ran
Published: February 2025

Colored 3D printing, as one of the crucial directions in 3D printing technology, has been widely applied in various fields in recent years. Compared to traditional 3D printing, colored 3D printing introduces color information to achieve multi-material identification of different regions in the model structure, enabling the fabrication of heterogeneous and complex components. This presents unique advantages in both visual effects and functionality, making it of significant value in fields such as metal manufacturing, bioengineering, and artistic design. However, during the construction of colored models, technical challenges such as low-slicing contour accuracy and poor color reproduction persist. Existing slicing methods for colored models are often accompanied by contour offset, deformation, color distortion, and low rendering efficiency, severely limiting the application scope of colored 3D printing technology. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a “Fast Slicing Method for Colored Models Based on Colored Triangular Prisms and OpenGL”. This method first constructs colored triangular prisms to effectively solve the problems of color contour offset and deformation, achieving uniform thickness offset of the colors. Then, by utilizing OpenGL rendering technology, the method overcomes color abruptness, simplifies bitmap rendering processes, and ensures smooth color transitions while significantly improving rendering efficiency. In summary, the proposed slicing method can effectively enhance the accuracy of slicing contours and color reproduction, significantly expanding the application range of colored 3D printing.
High-Precision Small-Signal Model for Double-Channel–High-Electron-Mobility Transistors Based on the Double-Channel Coupling Effect
Authors: Zhao Ziyue , Yu Qian , Lu Yang , Yi Chupeng , Liu Xin , Feng Ting , Zhao Wei , Chen Yilin , Yang Ling , Ma Xiaohua , Hao Yue
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a new small-signal model for double-channel (DC)–high-electron-mobility transistors, developed through an analysis of the unique coupling effects between channels in devices. Unlike conventional single-channel HEMTs, where electrons only transport laterally in the channel, DC-HEMTs exhibit additional vertical transport between the two channels along the material direction. This double-channel coupling effect significantly limits the applicability of traditional small-signal models to DC-HEMTs. Firstly, the coupling effect between the two channels is characterized by introducing the double-channel coupling sub-model, which consists of RGaN, RAlN, and CAlN. At the same time, by introducing parameters gm_upper and gm_lower, the new model can accurately characterize the properties of double channels. Secondly, initial values for RGaN, RAlN, and CAlN are calculated based on the device’s physical structure and material properties. Similarly, initial values for gm_upper and gm_lower are derived from the device’s DC measurement and TCAD simulation results. Furthermore, a comprehensive parameter extraction method enables the optimized extraction of intrinsic parameters, completing the model’s construction. Finally, validation of the model’s fitting reveals a significantly reduced error compared to traditional small-signal models. This enhanced accuracy not only verifies the precise representation of the device’s physical characteristics but also demonstrates the model’s effectiveness.
Genomic Insights into Probiotic Lactococcus lactis T-21, a Wild Plant-Associated Lactic Acid Bacterium, and Its Preliminary Clinical Safety for Human Application
Authors: Fukao Masanori , Tagawa Keisuke , Sunada Yosuke , Uehara Kazuya , Sugimoto Takuya , Zendo Takeshi , Nakayama Jiro , Segawa Shuichi
Published: February 2025

Lactococcus lactis T-21 is a lactic acid bacterium isolated from wild cranberries in Japan that demonstrates significant immunomodulatory properties and has been incorporated into commercial health products. However, probiogenomic analyses specific to T-21 have remained largely unexplored. This study performed a thorough genomic characterisation of T-21 and evaluated its safety in initial clinical trials. Genomic analysis revealed substantial genetic diversity and metabolic capabilities, including enhanced fermentative potential demonstrated by its ability to metabolise a wide range of plant-derived carbohydrates, and genetic determinants associated with exopolysaccharide biosynthesis and nisin production, distinguishing T-21 from domesticated dairy strains. These attributes, reflective of its wild plant origin, may contribute to its metabolic versatility and unique probiotic functionalities. A preliminary clinical trial assessing the safety of T-21-fermented milk in healthy Japanese adults indicated no significant adverse outcomes, corroborating its safety for human consumption. Together, these findings support the feasibility of utilising non-dairy, wild plant-origin strains in dairy fermentation processes as probiotics. This study expands our understanding of the genomic basis for T-21’s probiotic potential and lays the groundwork for further investigations into its functional mechanisms and potential applications in promoting human health.
Microbial Fuel Cells and Microbial Electrolysis Cells for the Generation of Green Hydrogen and Bioenergy via Microorganisms and Agro-Waste Catalysts
Authors: Fuku Xolile , Kamika Ilunga , Munonde Tshimangadzo S.
Published: February 2025

A national energy crisis has emerged in South Africa due to the country’s increasing energy needs in recent years. The reliance on fossil fuels, especially oil and gas, is unsustainable due to scarcity, emissions, and environmental repercussions. Researchers from all over the world have recently concentrated their efforts on finding carbon-free, renewable, and alternative energy sources and have investigated microbiology and biotechnology as a potential remedy. The usage of microbial electrolytic cells (MECs) and microbial fuel cells (MFCs) is one method for resolving the problem. These technologies are evolving as viable options for hydrogen and bioenergy production. The renewable energy technologies initiative in South Africa, which is regarded as a model for other African countries, has developed in the allocation of over 6000 MW of generation capacity to bidders across several technologies, primarily wind and solar. With a total investment value of R33.7 billion, the Eastern Cape’s renewable energy initiatives have created 18,132 jobs, with the province awarded 16 wind farms and one solar energy farm. Utilizing wastewater as a source of energy in MFCs has been recommended as most treatments, such as activated sludge processes and trickling filter plants, require roughly 1322 kWh per million gallons, whereas MFCs only require a small amount of external power to operate. The cost of wastewater treatment using MFCs for an influent flow of 318 m3 h−1 has been estimated to be only 9% (USD 6.4 million) of the total cost of treatment by a conventional wastewater treatment plant (USD 68.2 million). Currently, approximately 500 billion cubic meters of hydrogen (H2) are generated worldwide each year, exhibiting a growth rate of 10%. This production primarily comes from natural gas (40%), heavy oils and naphtha (30%), coal (18%), electrolysis (4%), and biomass (1%). The hydrogen produced is utilized in the manufacturing of ammonia (49%), the refining of petroleum (37%), the production of methanol (8%), and in a variety of smaller applications (6%). Considering South Africa’s energy issue, this review article examines the production of wastewater and its impacts on society as a critical issue in the global scenario and as a source of green energy.
The Impact of Life and Adverse Childhood Events on Help-Seeking Behaviours—A Cross-Sectional Survey of School-Age Adolescents in Jordan
Authors: Lasheen Reham A. , Abu Khudair Sara , Khader Yousef , Tanaka Eizaburo , Al Nsour Mohannad
Published: February 2025

Traumatic life and childhood events are associated with adverse health outcomes, particularly for adolescents, who are vulnerable to such events and exhibit distinct health behaviours and needs. Nevertheless, the influence of exposure to these events on their help-seeking behaviour remains largely unexplored, especially in the Eastern Mediterranean region. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of adverse events among adolescents in Jordan and examine how adverse events shape the help-seeking behaviours. Methods: A national cross-sectional survey of 4407 school-age (12–18 years) adolescents living in Jordan was conducted between December 2022 and April 2023 using multi-state stratified cluster sampling. The study utilised self-report questionnaires as well as validated tools. These were adapted to ensure cultural relevance and sensitivity and translated to Arabic. Results: The prevalence of at least one adverse event is around 16%, while that of four or more ACEs stands at around 41% in our population. The most commonly reported event was being infected or having a family member infected with COVID-19 at 60.3%. Specific individual characteristics and traumatic events appeared to shape their help-seeking behaviour, particularly family affluence and smoking status as well as exposure to COVID-19. Conclusions: The study underscores the need to understand help-seeking patterns among school-age adolescents in light of exposure to traumatic events. Based on this study’s findings, special attention should be paid to the impact certain events have on adolescents’ mental health and their help-seeking behaviours. Positive help-seeking behaviours that resonate with adolescents’ beliefs, emphasising contextual factors in mental health coping, should be promoted.
Optimization of Albuterol Delivery via Anesthesia Bag in Pediatric Critical Care
Authors: Tessier Sébastien , Ploszay Victoria K. , Robitaille Christian , Vaghasiya Jigneshkumar , Halayko Andrew J. , Chartrand Louise
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Aerosolized medications are common practice for mechanically ventilated pediatric patients. Infants often receive nebulized medications via hand ventilation using an anesthesia bag, but evidence on optimal aerosol delivery with this method is limited. For this study, various configurations of the Mapleson breathing circuit were tested to optimize albuterol delivery to a simulated pediatric model. Methods: Using a simulated pediatric lung model (ASL 5000) with the semi-open Mapleson anesthesia circuit, 2.5 mg/3 mL of albuterol sulfate solution was nebulized to a viral/bacterial filter (Respiguard 202). Four models were compared with varying fresh gas flows (FGFs), small-volume nebulizer (SVN) placements, and adjusting dead space. Five Registered Respiratory Therapists (RRTs) bagged the aerosol into a collection filter following defined ventilation parameters. Each model was tested in random order to avoid fatigue bias. Albuterol concentrations eluted from in-line filters were measured by spectrophotometry (absorbance at 276 nm). Results: No inter-user variability was observed among the RRTs. Significant differences in albuterol recovered were noted between models (One Way ANOVA, Tukey’s post hoc, n = 5). Model 4, with the nebulizer closest to the collecting filter, recovered 21.77 ± 1.89% of albuterol. The standard clinical model was the least effective, with only 0.10 ± 0.17% albuterol recovery. Conclusions: Modifying the anesthesia breathing circuit significantly improved aerosol drug delivery efficiency. Our findings suggest that current clinical practices for nebulized drug delivery are inefficient and can be markedly improved with simple adjustments in nebulizer positioning and gas flow within the circuit.
Advancements in the Application of Numerical Simulation During Tablet Compaction
Authors: Li Zhe , Xiong Haolong , Li Qiong , Naeem Abid , Yang Lingyu , Zhu Weifeng , Wu Yanni , Jin Zhengji , Ming Liangshan
Published: February 2025

Background: Numerical simulation is a technique that utilizes electronic computers to combine concepts of the discrete element method (DEM), finite element method (FEM), computational fluid dynamics (CFD), etc., and express simulated behaviors utilizing numerical computations and images. Compaction is the main process of tablet manufacturing; most of the current studies have focused on macroscopic compaction and tablet characterization, while the internal stress state and microstructure changes as a result of the compaction process are not well understood. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the flow and compaction behavior of pharmaceutical powders is essential for the analysis and control of the compaction process. Methods: Current research shows that compaction is shifting from macroscopic behavior toward internal microscopic behavior using numerical simulation technology. Results: This review focuses on the application of various numerical simulation technologies during compaction and the contact model, or the constitutive equation commonly used in numerical simulation. In addition, the difficulties of numerical simulation technology in calibrating powder parameters and the limitations of the current research are also discussed. Conclusions: Numerical simulation research in medicine and other fields will continue to flourish as numerical simulation technology advances, attracting more and more researchers using it effectively.
Fundamental and Targeted Approaches in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Treatment
Authors: Park Ji Su , Choi Yong Hwan , Min Ji-Young , Lee Jaeseong , Shim Gayong
Published: February 2025

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic and progressive disease marked by vascular remodeling, inflammation, and smooth muscle cell proliferation, with limited treatment options focused primarily on symptom management. The multifactorial nature of PAH, encompassing genetic, autoimmune, and connective tissue contributions, complicates its treatment, while irreversible vascular changes, such as fibrosis, remain unaddressed by current therapies. Fundamental research on molecular pathways and targeted delivery systems has paved the way for advanced therapeutic strategies that aim to modify disease progression rather than merely manage symptoms. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems, leveraging controlled release and pulmonary targeting, offer a promising avenue to overcome these challenges. Such systems enable precise localization to pulmonary vasculature, minimize systemic side effects, and support emerging approaches like gene therapy and combination treatments. Future research should focus on refining nanoparticle formulations for personalized medicine, optimizing inhalation delivery systems, and integrating multi-target approaches to achieve curative outcomes in PAH. This review explores pathophysiology of PAH, current pharmacological strategies, and innovative nanoparticle-based therapies, emphasizing their potential to transform PAH treatment and address its underlying mechanisms.
Analysis of Dissipation Mechanisms for Cesium Rydberg Atoms in Magic-Wavelength Optical Trap
Authors: Fan Shaofeng , Liu Yang , Liu Wenyuan , Zhao Yang , Li Yijun , Bai Jiandong
Published: February 2025

A magic optical dipole trap (ODT) can confine atoms in the ground state and a highly excited state with the same light shifts, resulting in a long-range coherent lifetime between them, which plays an important role in high-fidelity quantum logic gates, multi-body physics and other quantum information. Here, we use a sum-over-states model to calculate the dynamic polarizabilities of the 6S1/2 ground state and 46S1/2 Rydberg state of Cs atoms and identify corresponding magic wavelengths and magic detunings for trapping the two states in the range of 900–1950 nm. Then, we analyze the robustness of the magic condition and the feasibility of the experimental operation. Furthermore, we estimate the trapping lifetime of Cs Rydberg atoms by considering different dissipation mechanisms, such as photon scattering and photoionization in the magic ODT. The photoexcitation and photoionization of Cs atoms under the action of three-step laser pulses are calculated by the rate equation. The presented results for magic-wavelength ODTs are of great significance for quantum information and quantum computing based on Rydberg atoms.
Abrasive Water Jet Machining of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced PLA Composites: Optimization of Machinability and Surface Integrity for High-Precision Applications
Authors: Kartal Fuat
Published: February 2025

Carbon fiber-reinforced polylactic acid (CFR-PLA) composites have emerged as a promising material for aerospace and automotive applications due to their superior mechanical strength and environmental sustainability. However, challenges such as surface irregularities and dimensional instability during machining have hindered their wider adoption. This study investigates the performance of abrasive water jet machining (AWJM) in optimizing the surface quality and machinability of CFR-PLA compared to pure PLA. Under optimal machining parameters (3500 bar water pressure, 800 mm/min traverse speed, and 250 g/min abrasive flow rate), CFR-PLA demonstrated a 23% reduction in surface roughness (Ra) and a 15% reduction in kerf taper angle (T) relative to pure PLA. These results highlight the stabilizing effect of carbon fiber reinforcement, which enhances dimensional accuracy and mechanical stability during machining. The findings position AWJM as an effective method for processing CFR-PLA, enabling its use in lightweight, high-precision applications such as aerodynamic components and structural prototypes. This study addresses a critical gap in the machinability of hybrid composites and provides actionable insights for sustainable manufacturing. Future research should explore hybrid reinforcement strategies, further parameter optimization, and advanced post-processing techniques to maximize CFR-PLA’s potential for demanding engineering applications.
Quality Characteristics of Gluten-Free Noodles According to the Drying Method of Pregelatinized Rice Flour
Authors: Jeong Gyeong A , Lee Chang Joo
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the quality characteristics of gluten-free noodles produced by adding pregelatinized rice flour prepared using three different drying methods: hot air drying (HD), freeze drying (FD), and twin-screw extruder drying (ED). HD and FD samples were prepared by steam gelatinizing rice flour for 30 min and drying at 65 °C or freeze drying, respectively. The color of noodles with added pregelatinized rice flour showed a decrease in lightness (L*) and an increase in yellowness (b*) in the order of HD, FD, and ED. The texture characteristics showed that the experimental groups with added pregelatinized rice flour had higher hardness, and the ED-15 sample exhibited the highest values for springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness. The tension profiles of cooked noodles were found to be in the order of wheat (0.312 N), ED-15 (0.158 N), FD-15 (0.145 N), and HD-15 (0.133 N). The cooking loss (turbidity) of the noodles made with pregelatinized rice flour ascended in the order of wheat (0.160), ED-15 (0.507), FD-15 (0.765), and HD-15 (1.172). Therefore, pregelatinized rice flour produced through twin-screw extrusion drying is deemed suitable for the production of gluten-free noodles. The results of this study show that gluten-free noodles can be made without gluten by using pregelatinized rice flour.
Research on CO2 Quasi-Dry Fracturing Technology and Reservoir CO2 Distribution Pattern
Authors: Yang Wei , Fu Meilong , Wang Yanping , Lu Jianqiang , Li Guojun
Published: February 2025

CO2 fracturing technology has been widely used to develop unconventional oil and gas reservoirs such as shale oil and gas and tight sandstone reservoirs. To mitigate the issues of low viscosity and high friction associated with traditional CO2 fracturing technology, this paper proposes CO2 quasi-dry fracturing technology. Taking the low permeability tight sandstone reservoir in Block X of T oilfield as the research object, indoor experiments were conducted to optimize the ratio of CO2 quasi-dry fracturing fluid. Numerical simulation was used to select the optimal construction displacement using FracproPT, and the temperature and pressure changes in the reservoir and the grid after CO2 injection were analyzed using CMG to lay a foundation for the production practice. The results show that the fracturing fluid formulation system is 70% liquid CO2 + 30% water with 1.2% water-based thickener APQD-6 and 1.2% CO2 thickener APFR-2; the optimal construction displacement is 3 m3/min, and the fracture half-length is 206.2 m; the reservoir temperature responds to the CO2 injection volume more rapidly than the pressure, which indicates that CO2 has a more significant effect on the temperature. The field application results show that the reservoir temperature responds more rapidly to the CO2 injection volume than the pressure, indicating that CO2 has a more significant effect on temperature. The field application results are remarkable. This operation successfully achieved the key parameter indicators of the highest sand ratio of 10% and the average sand ratio of 6%. The daily liquid production of the well was stable at 1.6 t, the daily gas production jumped by 820 m3, and the daily oil production also increased by 0.7 t. The effect of single-well stimulation is very prominent, which strongly verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of CO2 quasi-dry fracturing technology exploiting low-porosity and low-permeability reservoirs. This practical result provides valuable practical guidance for developing similar reservoirs. It is expected to promote the further development and application of low porosity and low permeability reservoir development technology.
Study on the Imbibition Law of Laminated Shale Oil Reservoir During Injection and Shut-In Period Based on Phase Field Method
Authors: Yang Kun , Yang Shenglai , Liu Xinyue , Zhao Shuai , Kang Jilun
Published: February 2025

Laminated shale oil reservoirs feature well-developed microcracks, with significant differences in wettability on either side of these fractures. The complex pore structure of laminated shale oil reservoirs makes capillary imbibition prevalent during both water injection and well shut-in periods. Therefore, based on the phase field method, this study investigates the imbibition behavior and the influencing factors during the injection and shut-in stage. This research shows that the imbibition mode determines the recovery rate: co-current imbibition > co-current imbibition + counter-current imbibition > counter-current imbibition. Co-current imbibition predominantly occurs in the dominant seepage channels, while counter-current imbibition mainly takes place in pore boundary regions. During the water injection stage, a low injection rate is beneficial for synergistic oil recovery through imbibition and displacement. As the injection rate increases, the capillary imbibition effect diminishes. Increased water saturation strengthens the co-current imbibition effect. Compared to injecting for 5 ms, injecting for 10 ms resulted in a 4.53% increase in imbibition recovery during the shut-in stage. The water sweep efficiency increases with the tortuosity of fractures. The wettability differences on either side of the fractures have a certain impact on imbibition. Around the fracture, the recovery in the strongly wetted area is 35% higher than that in the weakly water-wetted area. The wettability difference across fractures causes water to penetrate along the strongly water-wet pores, while only the inlet end and the pores near the fracture in the weakly water-wet zone are affected. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor the injection pressure to maximize the synergistic effects of displacement and imbibition during the development of laminated shale oil reservoirs. Additionally, surfactants should be used judiciously to prevent fingering due to wettability differences.
Dynamic Load-Optimized Selection Charts for Flexible Ultra-Long Stroke Pumping Units in Low-Yield Oil Wells
Authors: Yao Jinsong , Han Guoqing , Gao Jiaqi , Yang Yao , Wang Mengyu
Published: February 2025

Flexible ultra-long stroke pumping units (FULSPUs) are widely adopted in low-yield oil wells due to their structural simplicity and high operational efficiency. However, current equipment selection methods lack precision, leading to mismatched configurations, low utilization rates, and unnecessary costs. To address this challenge, this study develops a systematic optimization framework integrating motion dynamics analysis and empirical data. First, a simplified formula for peak polished rod load (PPRL) is concluded by analyzing the unit’s stable motion characteristics. Second, a multi-parameter selection method incorporating stroke length, frequency, pump efficiency, and dynamic liquid level constraints is developed. This method generates interactive selection charts that map maximum liquid production across varying pumping depths, providing a rapid decision-making tool for optimal equipment pairing. A double-layer circle visualization that quantifies equipment utilization by linking pumping unit load and pump load, offering actionable insights for cost-effective upgrades. The model is validated through a field case, where overdesign risks are reduced. Significantly, this work replaces traditional beam-pump selection models with a tailored solution for flexible FULSPUs, delivering two major contributions: (1) a standardized workflow balancing technical feasibility and economic efficiency and (2) a visual tool that when adopted in the oilfield, the efficiency and applicability of equipment selection are improved. These advancements establish a transformative framework for sustainable resource management in mature low-permeability reservoirs.
Framing and Controlling Islam: The Interplay of Knowledge Production and Governmental Regulation in C.H. Becker’s Scholarship
Authors: Otufowora Brenda
Published: February 2025

This article examines the role of knowledge production in shaping racialized religious difference and its entanglement with governmental interventions, focusing on C.H. Becker’s contributions to Islamic Studies in the 19th and 20th centuries. Situated within the colonial–imperial context of the German Empire, C.H. Becker’s work exemplifies how secular knowledge framed Islam as both a problem and a resource for governance. His framing of religious difference reveals how tolerance operated as a political technique—performing inclusion while simultaneously reinforcing control. The analysis explores the epistemological foundations of C.H. Becker’s approach, demonstrating the intersection of Orientalism, secularism, and racism in producing religious difference and translating academic inquiry into political regulation. By juxtaposing the “Islamfrage” with the “Judenfrage” of the 19th century, this study reveals shared patterns in the regulation of racialized religious difference through secular frameworks, where tolerance functions as both a mechanism of inclusion and a tool of control. These processes not only defined normatively but also aligned knowledge production with national and colonial strategies, illustrating how C.H. Becker’s conceptualization of Islampolitik is characterized by broader dynamics of liberal governance and colonial control.
On the Entanglements of Heritage—Afterword to the Special Issue Sacred Heritage: Religions and Material Culture
Authors: Coleman Simon
Published: February 2025

A sign of a productive sub-field is that it can develop ramifying links with other areas of research whilst retaining the distinctiveness that first brought it into being [...]
Persuading to See Differences: Religious Diversity and Deep Disagreement from a Wittgensteinian Perspective
Authors: Spica Marciano Adilio
Published: February 2025

This article contributes to philosophical discussions on religious diversity by applying a Wittgensteinian lens, specifically drawing on insights from On Certainty. It examines interreligious disagreement as a form of “deep disagreement” and posits that Wittgenstein contends that argumentation has limitations in resolving such conflicts. Instead, the article suggests that persuasion—a distinct process of making differences visible—facilitates a gradual reassessment of one’s world-picture. A key contribution of Wittgenstein’s thought to discussions on religious diversity lies in his emphasis on recognizing differences and understanding their transformative impact on our world-pictures. The article begins by differentiating between various types of disagreement, proposing that On Certainty addresses conflicts between world-pictures which can be characterized as deep disagreements. It then delves into Wittgenstein’s insights into the functioning of world-pictures and the crucial importance of grasping their dynamics for a better understanding of such disagreements. Building on this foundation, this article argues that persuasion, as a non-argumentative mode of engagement, is uniquely positioned to effectively make these differences visible in cases of deep disagreement. Finally, this article demonstrates how these ideas can help to address and resolve key misunderstandings within the philosophy of religious diversity.
Early Intuitions on Joseph Ratzinger’s Idea of a Catholic University of the Future
Authors: Azzaro Pietro Luca
Published: February 2025

This paper examines Joseph Ratzinger/Benedict XVI’s reflections on knowledge and universities over sixty-five years, focusing on the constant features in his thought by analyzing his first and last pronouncements on these topics. Rather than summarizing all his writings, the author provides a comparative analysis of Ratzinger’s early address in 1959 as a newly appointed professor at the University of Bonn and his later speeches as Pope. In the 1959 lecture, Ratzinger talked about the challenge of modern secularism, emphasizing an increasing split between faith and reason and the growth of “neo-paganism” within the Church, while also highlighting the implication of technological globalization that was going to reshape the role of Christian universities in the modern world. The paper further develops how Ratzinger’s concerns evolved, particularly his critique of the rupture between faith and reason and the secularization of the Church, up to his reflections in 2022 on how Christian universities must maintain a connection with faith and reason. Drawing on Ratzinger’s lifelong exploration of these issues, this paper points out three constant features of his thought: the imperative of the integration of faith and reason at universities, “creative minorities” as an imperative internally, both in the Church and at the level of academia; and the specific chance given by contemporary secularization to Christian universities for a renewal of their educational mission.
Monte Carlo Guidance for Better Imaging of Boreal Lakes in the Wavelength Region of 400–800 nm
Authors: Du Le Vinh Nguyen
Published: February 2025

Boreal lake depth, one of the most important parameters in numerical weather prediction and climate models through parametrization, helps in identifying notable environmental changes across the globe and in estimating its effect on the ecosystem in remote regions. However, there is no quantitative tool to effectively estimate lake depth from satellite images, leaving scientists to infer lake depth from extrapolation of statistics by relying on certain geological knowledge (such as those used in the Global Lake Database). The bottoms of boreal forest lakes are mainly composed of woody debris, and thus spectral imaging revealing contrast of woody debris can be used to estimate lake depth. Here, we use well-established Monte Carlo software to construct spectral images of boreal lakes that house woody debris, phytoplankton, and chlorophyll. This is accomplished by modeling the dynamic optical properties of selected boreal lakes and simulating the propagation of photons in the wavelength region of 400–800 nm. The results show that the spectral image contrast of boreal lakes is not only determined by the depth level and concentration level of phytoplankton and chlorophyll in water but is also affected by the spectral shape of background absorption, especially the contribution of pure water absorption in the total absorption of lake water.
Implementation of Visual Odometry on Jetson Nano
Authors: Krško Jakub , Nemec Dušan , Šimák Vojtech , Michálik Mário
Published: February 2025

This paper presents the implementation of ORB-SLAM3 for visual odometry on a low-power ARM-based system, specifically the Jetson Nano, to track a robot’s movement using RGB-D cameras. Key challenges addressed include the selection of compatible software libraries, camera calibration, and system optimization. The ORB-SLAM3 algorithm was adapted for the ARM architecture and tested using both the EuRoC dataset and real-world scenarios involving a mobile robot. The testing demonstrated that ORB-SLAM3 provides accurate localization, with errors in path estimation ranging from 3 to 11 cm when using the EuRoC dataset. Real-world tests on a mobile robot revealed discrepancies primarily due to encoder drift and environmental factors such as lighting and texture. The paper discusses strategies for mitigating these errors, including enhanced calibration and the potential use of encoder data for tracking when camera performance falters. Future improvements focus on refining the calibration process, adding trajectory correction mechanisms, and integrating visual odometry data more effectively into broader systems.
Enhanced Human Activity Recognition Using Wi-Fi Sensing: Leveraging Phase and Amplitude with Attention Mechanisms
Authors: Quy Thai Duy , Lin Chih-Yang , Shih Timothy K.
Published: February 2025

Wi-Fi-based human activity recognition (HAR) is a non-intrusive and privacy-preserving method that leverages Channel State Information (CSI) for identifying human activities. However, existing approaches often struggle with robust feature extraction, especially in dynamic and multi-environment scenarios, and fail to effectively integrate amplitude and phase features of CSI. This study proposes a novel model, the Phase–Amplitude Channel State Information Network (PA-CSI), to address these challenges. The model introduces two key innovations: (1) a dual-feature approach combining amplitude and phase features for enhanced robustness, and (2) an attention-enhanced feature fusion mechanism incorporating multi-scale convolutional layers and Gated Residual Networks (GRN) to optimize feature extraction. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves state-of-the-art performance on three datasets, including StanWiFi (99.9%), MultiEnv (98.0%), and the MINE lab dataset (99.9%). These findings underscore the potential of the PA-CSI model to advance Wi-Fi-based HAR in real-world applications.
Underwater Invisible Light Communication Network with Beam Steering Technology for Dynamic Switching Between Aerial and Underwater Optical Paths
Authors: Kuwahara Kiichiro , Tanaka Keita , Kariya Ayumu , Hayashida Shogo , Kodama Takahiro
Published: February 2025

This study proposes a bidirectional underwater optical wireless communication network that maximizes data transmission capacity by dynamically switching between underwater and aerial optical paths based on channel conditions. The proposed system employs adaptive modulation and beam steering techniques to address dynamic factors, such as turbidity and transmission distance, in underwater channels. The experimental results revealed that switching to the aerial optical path when the underwater transmission distance exceeded 1.8 m led to significant performance improvements, with consistent SNR and bit rates maintained in the aerial channel, unlike the exponential degradation observed underwater. Dynamic evaluations demonstrated that the system maintained high transmission capacity and SNR stability, even with incremental increases in underwater distances. In a 4K UHD video streaming experiment, switching from the underwater optical path to the aerial path reduced video quality degradation, delivering near-original video quality with latency as low as 20 ms. Furthermore, tolerance experiments for beam steering misalignment showed a sharp performance drop at a maximum misalignment of 2 degrees, with a 12 dB SNR loss and a reduction of 222 Mbps in transmission capacity. These findings suggest that selectively utilizing underwater and aerial optical paths based on channel conditions enables reliable and efficient data transmission, paving the way for next-generation underwater optical wireless communication networks.
Territorial Analysis Through the Integration of CFS-RAI Principles and the Working with People Model: An Application in the Andean Highlands of Peru
Authors: Fontana Alejandro , Velasquez-Fernandez Antonio , Rodriguez-Vasquez Maria Isabel , Cuervo-Guerrero Grecia
Published: February 2025

The characterization of territory in Peru’s Andean regions faces significant challenges due to a lack of comprehensive methodologies capable of addressing the complexity of these contexts. This research aims to bridge that gap by developing a methodology that integrates the CFS-RAI Principles with the Working with People (WWP) model to provide a detailed, contextualized framework for territorial analysis. The framework leverages the CFS-RAI Principles’ focus on sustainable agriculture and the WWP model’s proven effectiveness in fostering social transformation in Aymara communities in southern Peru. The research centers on Paucar del Sara Sara, a province in Ayacucho, Peru, characterized by a Human Development Index (HDI) of 0.42 and significant development potential rooted in opportunities for organic agriculture and collaboration with the mining sector. Employing geographic analysis and qualitative methods, this study draws comparisons with existing literature and presents insights from the case study to develop a matrix of key variables for territorial analysis in Andean regions. Additionally, the research introduces a methodology for defining mining companies’ areas of influence while addressing prevalent socioeconomic challenges in these territories.
A Knowledge-Driven Framework for a Decision Support Platform in Sustainable Viticulture: Integrating Climate Data and Supporting Stakeholder Collaboration
Authors: Simeunović Marko , Ratković Kruna , Kovač Nataša , Racković Tamara , Fernandes António
Published: February 2025

Viticulture in Montenegro faces significant challenges due to fragmented data management, limited access to high-resolution climate predictions, and the lack of systematic integration between stakeholders. This study addresses these issues by proposing a knowledge-driven system architecture that consolidates climate and phenology data, facilitates multi-level data sharing, and supports informed decision-making for sustainable vineyard management. Using Montenegro as a case study, the proposed decision support platform integrates data from Internet of Things-enabled climate pilots, existing databases, and predictive modeling tools to address limitations in existing datasets, such as low resolution and inaccurate downscaling methods, and to tackle the broader challenges posed by climate change, including shifting weather patterns and phenological cycles. The system architecture provides a framework for stakeholders, including researchers, winegrowers, and policymakers, to collaborate effectively, bridging the gap between localized data collection and high-level decision-making. The paper outlines the current state of viticulture in Montenegro and the EU, highlights the need for a systematic approach to data management, and details the benefits of such a system at various levels. The proposed platform architecture and implementation steps outlined in this study serve as a robust framework, offering valuable guidance for other countries seeking to establish similar systems to enhance the efficiency, sustainability, and resilience of their viticulture sectors. This research contributes to the broader understanding of knowledge-driven systems in precision agriculture and provides a scalable model for regions facing similar challenges.
Enhancing Biodiversity and Environmental Sustainability in Intermodal Transport: A GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Evaluation Framework
Authors: Krstić Mladen , Tadić Snežana , Miglietta Pier Paolo , Porrini Donatella
Published: February 2025

Biodiversity is essential for the health and stability of our planet, contributing to ecosystem services like pollination, nutrient cycling, and climate regulation. However, it faces significant threats from human activities, including habitat destruction and pollution. Transportation infrastructure, if not carefully managed, can fragment habitats and disrupt wildlife migration, exacerbating biodiversity loss. Thus, incorporating environmental and biodiversity considerations into transport planning is crucial for promoting long-term sustainability. Accordingly, the goal of this paper is to define a framework for evaluating and ranking intermodal transport routes based on their impact on the environment and biodiversity. The study employs a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) model, combining input from interactive GIS maps and stakeholders with a novel hybrid approach. The MCDM part of the model combines fuzzy Delphi and fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) methods for obtaining the criteria weights and the Axial Distance-based Aggregated Measurement (ADAM) method for obtaining the final ranking of the routes. This methodology application on several Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) routes revealed that the Hamburg/Bremerhaven–Wurzburg–Verona route had the least environmental and biodiversity impact. The study identified the Rotterdam–Milano route as the optimal choice, balancing sustainability, ecological preservation, and transport efficiency. The route minimizes ecological disruption, protects biodiversity, and aligns with European Union strategies to reduce environmental impact in infrastructure projects. The study established a framework for evaluating intermodal transport routes based on environmental and biodiversity impacts, balancing efficiency with ecological responsibility. It makes significant contributions by integrating biodiversity criteria into transport planning and introducing a novel combination of GIS and MCDM techniques for route assessment.
Understanding the Utilization of Indigenous Institutions: The Case of Wonosobo, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Swaningrum Ayu , de Snoo Geert R. , Persoon Gerard A. , Musters C. J. M.
Published: February 2025

Indigenous institutions may play a vital role in sustainable development at the local level by serving the people’s interests and supporting their livelihood. By distributing structured questionnaires to the households in our research area, this research aimed to find the determining factor of the utilization of community institutions, especially indigenous institutions. Per household, 26 features, including demographic, psycho-social, economic, and location variables, were collected to study the predictability of the utilization of community institutions. The results show that the location variables are the most crucial for explaining the utilization of community institutions in times of need.
Urban Landscape Development of Kendari Old Town in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia: The Conzen School Urban Morphology Approach
Authors: Nurjannah Irma , Iswandi Raden Marsuki , Kadir Ishak , Sukoco Endro
Published: February 2025

Historical urban environments are frequently abandoned with the rise in expansion. An example is Kendari, a city that is over two centuries old with long historical colonialism, such as the Dutch East Indies and Japan. The city is presently eroded due to modern development and demographic pressure. Therefore, this research aimed to identify how the urban layout of Kendari was used to define long-term preservation procedures. Conzen’s school of urban morphology methodology, utilized for the examination of the historical evolution of the urban landscape and the interaction with present urban development processes, was used to conduct this research. Historical cartographic data and changes in land use were used to perform a detailed examination of the evolution of the street structure, land distribution, and architectural layout. The result showed how historical, cultural, and economic aspects shaped the formation of Kendari old town. In conclusion, this research improved the understanding of Kendari’s historical urban structure, and supplied useful empirical data for planning the future development and conservation of the districts.