bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KOH-Assisted Molten Salt Route to High-Performance LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathode Materials
Authors: Pang Feng , Feng Fushan , Zhang Shuyu , Feng Na , Cai Changkun , An Shengli
Published: February 2025

A simple and cost-effective route based on a KOH-assisted molten salt method is designed here to synthesize LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 spinel. Pure-phase LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 can be successfully prepared using chlorides as raw materials and adding KOH at 700 °C. The structure, morphology, and performance are discussed in detail. The measurements reveal that using KOH-assisted synthesis can optimize the crystal structure of the obtained LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 samples, resulting in grain refinement while maintaining the predominantly octahedral structure that grows along the (111) crystal plane. This new synthesis pathway provides excellent performance in terms of cycle life. Electrochemical tests show that the KOH-assisted sample exhibits higher initial specific capacities (124.1 mAh·g−1 at 0.2 C and 111.4 mAh·g−1 at 3 C) and superior cycling performances (capacity retention of 85.0% after 200 cycles at 0.2 C and 95.70% after 100 cycles at 3 C). This provides a potential solution for the practical application of high-voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 lithium-ion batteries.
Prebiotic Effects of α- and β-Galactooligosaccharides: The Structure-Function Relation
Authors: Ignatova Ina , Arsov Alexander , Petrova Penka , Petrov Kaloyan
Published: February 2025

Oligosaccharides containing galactosyl moieties belong to two main groups: raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO, α-GOS) and lactose-type β-galactooligosaccharides (β-GOS), both well-known for their prebiotic effect. The present review investigates the vast amounts of recent research on the structures of GOS and their beneficial impact. It focuses on the molecular interactions between GOS and probiotics in vitro and in vivo, the enzymology of the processes, and the genetic prerequisites for the synthesis and degradation of GOS by probiotic bacteria. The preferences of probiotic strains belonging to the Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus genera are elucidated to form and degrade GOS of a certain length, structure, and linkages between monomers. A brief overview of the industrial production of β-GOS by natural and recombinant strains included the methods and production efficiency evaluation.
Sustainable MXene Synthesis via Molten Salt Method and Nano-Silicon Coating for Enhanced Lithium-Ion Battery Performance
Authors: Kim Hansu , Jung Yunki , Lee Wonhwa , Jeon Young-Pyo , Hong Jin-Yong , Lee Jea Uk
Published: February 2025

MXenes, a family of 2D transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, have attracted significant attention due to their exceptional physicochemical properties and electrochemical performance, making them highly promising for diverse applications, particularly in energy storage. Despite notable advancements, MXene synthesis remains a critical challenge, as conventional methods often rely on hazardous hydrofluoric acid-based processes, posing substantial environmental and safety risks. In this study, we present an eco-friendly synthesis approach for MXenes using molten salt processes, which offer a safer, sustainable alternative while enabling scalable production. Additionally, we explore the development of high-performance battery anodes by fabricating nanocomposites of nano-silicon and MXene, followed by a bio-inspired polydopamine coating and carbonization process. This innovative strategy not only enhances the structural stability and electrochemical performance of the anodes but also aligns with environmentally conscious design principles. Our findings demonstrate the potential of eco-friendly MXene synthesis and nanocomposite materials in advancing sustainable energy storage technologies.
S- and N-Co-Doped Carbon-Nanoplate-Encased Ni Nanoparticles Derived from Dual-Ligand-Assembled Ni-MOFs as Efficient Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Han Huijuan , Zhang Yalei , Zhou Chunrui , Yun Haixin , Kang Yiwen , Du Kexin , Wang Jianying , Chao Shujun , Wang Jichao
Published: February 2025

To achieve the “double carbon” goal, it is urgent to reform the energy system. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a vital semi-reaction for many new energy-storage and conversion devices. Metal nanoparticles embedded in heteroatom-doped carbon materials prepared by the pyrolyzing of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been a key route to obtain high-performance electrochemical catalysts. Herein, a nanocatalyst embedding Ni nanoparticles into S- and N-co-doped carbon nanoplate (Ni NPs@SN-CNP) has been synthesized by pyrolysis of a Ni-MOF precursor. The prepared Ni NPs@SN-CNP exhibits superior oxygen evolution performance with an overpotential of 256 mV to attain 10 mA cm−2 and a low Tafel slope value of 95 mV dec−1. Moreover, a self-assembled overall-water-splitting cell with Ni NPs@SN-CNP/NF||Pt-C/NF achieves a low potential of 1.56 V at 10 mA cm−2 and a high cycling stability for at least 10 h. The improvement in this performance is benefit from its large surface area, unique morphology, and the nanostructure of the electrocatalyst. This study presents a novel and simple approach to designing high-performance OER catalysts.
β2-Chimaerin Deficiency Favors Polyp Growth in the Colon of ApcMin/+ Mice
Authors: Velasco-Sampedro Eladio A. , Sánchez-Vicente Cristina , Caloca María J.
Published: February 2025

A Rho-GTPases are pivotal regulators of key cellular processes implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression, yet the roles of their regulatory proteins, particularly GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), remain poorly understood. This study focuses on β2-chimaerin, a Rac1-specific GAP, in Apc-driven tumorigenesis using the ApcMin/+ mouse model. We demonstrate that β2-chimaerin deficiency selectively promotes the growth of colonic polyps without influencing small intestinal polyp formation. Mechanistically, β2-chimaerin loss is associated with enhanced ERK phosphorylation, while canonical Wnt/β-catenin and E-cadherin pathways remain unaffected, suggesting its specific involvement in modulating proliferative signaling in the colon. Consistent with its tumor-suppressive role, bioinformatics analyses reveal that low β2-chimaerin expression correlates with poor prognosis in CRC patients. This study expands the understanding of Rho-GTPase regulatory mechanisms in intestinal tumorigenesis, providing a basis for future therapeutic strategies targeting Rho-GTPase pathways in CRC.
Rocaglamide Suppresses Allergic Reactions by Regulating IL-4 Receptor Signaling
Authors: Jo Hyein , Kim Misun , Jeoung Jaewhoon , Kim Wonho , Park Yoon Ho , Jung Hyun Suk , Lee Wook , Jeoung Dooil
Published: February 2025

Rocaglamide (Roc-A), a natural phytochemical isolated from Aglaia species, is known to exert anticancer effects. Allergic inflammation can enhance the tumorigenic potential of cancer cells. We hypothesized that Roc-A could regulate allergic inflammation. Roc-A prevented an antigen from increasing the hallmarks of allergic reactions in vitro. Roc-A suppressed passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and passive systemic anaphylaxis (PSA). RNA sequencing analysis showed that Roc-A prevented the antigen from increasing the expression of IL-4 in RBL2H3 cells. Roc-A also prevented the antigen from increasing the expression of interleukin-4 receptor (IL-4R). Roc-A was found to form a hydrogen-bonding network with residues N92 and L64 of IL-4R in a molecular docking simulation. Roc-A prevented the antigen from inducing the binding of IL-4R to JAK1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays showed that C-Jun could bind to promoter sequences of IL-4 and IL-4R. Mouse recombinant IL-4 protein increased β-hexosaminidase activity, IL-4R expression, and the hallmarks of allergic inflammation in the antigen-independent manner. Mouse recombinant IL-4 protein increased the expressions of CD163 and arghinase-1 and markers of M2 macrophages, but decreased the expression of iNOS, a marker of M1 macrophages in lung macrophages. Roc-A regulated the effects of a culture medium of antigen-stimulated RBL2H3 cells on the expressions of iNOS and arginase-1 in RAW264.7 macrophages. The blocking of IL-4 or downregulation of IL-4R exerted negative effects on the hallmarks of allergic reactions in vitro. The blocking of IL-4 or downregulation of IL-4R also exerted negative effects on PCA, and the downregulation of IL-4R exerted negative effects on PSA. An miR-34a mimic exerted negative effects on allergic reactions in vitro. The downregulation of IL-4R prevented the antigen from decreasing the expression of miR-34a in RBL2H3 cells. We identified chemicals that could bind to IL-4R via molecular docking analysis. The IL-4R docking chemical 1536801 prevented the antigen from increasing β-hexosaminidase activity and the hallmarks of allergic reactions. The IL-4R docking chemical 1536801 also exerted a negative effect on PCA. TargetScan analysis predicted miR-34a as a negative regulator of IL-4R. We found that the anti-allergic effect of Roc-A and its mechanisms were associated with miR-34a. Taken together, our results show that understanding IL-4R-mediated allergic reactions can provide clues for the development of anti-allergy therapeutics.
Electrospun Poly(butylene 2,5-furanoate) and Poly(pentamethylene 2,5-furanoate) Mats: Structure–Property Relationships and Thermo-Mechanical and Biological Characterization
Authors: Fredi Giulia , Santi Sofia , Soccio Michelina , Lotti Nadia , Dorigato Andrea
Published: February 2025

This study explores, for the first time, the application of electrospun biobased poly(butylene 2,5-furanoate) (PBF) and poly(pentamethylene 2,5-furanoate) (PPeF) mats in biomedical and drug delivery fields, through a careful investigation of their structure–property relationship. PBF mats, with a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 25–30 °C and an as-spun crystallinity of 18.8%, maintained their fibrous structure (fiber diameter ~1.3 µm) and mechanical properties (stiffness ~100 MPa, strength ~4.5 MPa, strain at break ~200%) under treatment in physiological conditions (37 °C, pH 7.5). In contrast, PPeF mats, being amorphous with a Tg of 14 °C, underwent significant densification, with geometrical density increasing from 0.68 g/cm³ to 1.07 g/cm³, which depressed the specific (i.e., normalized by density) mechanical properties. DSC analysis revealed that the treatment promoted crystallization in PBF (reaching 45.9% crystallinity), while PPeF showed limited, but interestingly not negligible, structural reorganization. Both materials promoted good cell adhesion and were biocompatible, with lactate dehydrogenase release not exceeding 20% after 48 h. The potential of PBF mats for drug delivery was evaluated using dexamethasone. The mats exhibited a controlled drug release profile, with ~10% drug release in 4 h and ~50% in 20 h. This study demonstrates the versatility of these biopolyesters in biomedical applications and highlights the impact of polymer structure on material performance.
Effects of Induced Structural Modification on Properties of V+ Ion-Implanted RF—Magnetron Sputtering Deposited ZnO Thin Films of Thickness 120 nm on Borosilicate Glass Substrates
Authors: Oluwaleye Olakunle , Mwakikunga Bonex Wakufwa , Asante Joseph K. O.
Published: February 2025

The influence of structural modifications on the thermal stability, chemical bonds, and optical properties of zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films (120 nm thick) for optoelectronic devices (solar cells, LEDs) and energy nanodevices was investigated. The films, synthesized via rf-magnetron sputtering, were implanted with V+ ions at 170 keV with varying fluences. Optical properties, including bandgap, transmittance, and absorbance, were analyzed using UV–Vis spectroscopy, XRD, AFM, and FTIR. Structural changes such as strain, lattice constant, surface roughness, and crystallite size significantly influenced the optical properties. Increased surface roughness led to a higher optical bandgap (up to 4.10 eV) and transmittance (82.34%), with reduced absorbance (0.12 nm). Crystallite size exhibited similar effects. At an ion fluence of 1 × 1016 ions/cm2, the bandgap and transmittance increased, while absorbance slightly decreased. Thermal stability and chemical bond analysis supported these findings. The study demonstrates that V+ ion-induced modifications enhance ZnO thin films’ properties, highlighting their potential for advanced optoelectronic and energy nanodevice applications.
Notch-1 Immunopositivity in Brain Lesions Associated with Pharmacoresistant Epilepsy
Authors: Metodiev Dimitar , Dimova Petia , Ruseva Margarita , Parvanov Dimitar , Ganeva Rumiana , Stamenov Georgi , Nachev Sevdalin , Ivanova Vesela , Marinov Rumen , Minkin Krassimir
Published: February 2025

Background: The Notch signaling pathway is an important regulator of stem cell activity in various tissues, including the central nervous system. It has been implicated in neurodevelopmental processes, including neuronal differentiation and synaptic plasticity. Research suggests that its expression may be associated with certain epileptogenic lesions, particularly those with neurodevelopmental origin. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of Notch-1 in brain biopsies from various cases of pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Methods: Here, we used immunohistochemistry staining to retrospectively analyze 128 developmental lesions associated with pharmacoresistant epilepsy, including 13 cases with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) type I, 39 with FCD type II, 37 with hippocampal sclerosis (HS), 23 with FCD IIIc, 9 with mild malformations of cortical development (MCD), 4 cases with mild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia and epilepsy (MOGHE), and 3 with tuberous sclerosis (TS). The tissues were stained for Neurofilament protein, Vimentin, S-100 protein, NeuN, and GFAP, as well as the stem cell marker Notch-1. Tissue that stained positively for Notch-1 was further characterized. Results: A positive Notch-1 reaction was found in all cases of FCD type IIb and TS, where it appeared in balloon cells but not in dysmorphic neurons, and in a single case of meningioangiomatosis (FCD IIIc), where it stained spider-like cells. Notch-1-positive cells showed a stem-like, glio-neuronal precursor immunophenotype. No staining was observed in the remaining cases with FCD type I, type III, HS, mild MCD, and MOGHE. Conclusions: Notch-1 displays a distinct pattern of expression in some epileptogenic lesions, potentially highlighting a stem cell-like origin or neurodevelopmental abnormalities contributing to pharmacoresistant epilepsy; however, it is not a general marker of such lesions. Its differential expression may prove useful in distinguishing between different types of FCD or other cortical malformations, which could assist in both their diagnosis and potentially in the development of more targeted therapeutic approaches. Further studies with different stem cell markers are needed in this direction.
Behavioral and Dietary Strategies for Weight Loss and Weight Loss Maintenance Among Black/African American Adults and the Potential Role of Media: A Narrative Review
Authors: Keseko Enid A. , Bell Alexis , Turner-McGrievy Gabrielle M.
Published: February 2025

Background: Research shows that media-based dietary and behavioral strategies can aid weight loss, but limited studies have been conducted among Black/African American adults. Objective: This review examines the literature on dietary and behavioral strategies for weight loss and maintenance among Black/African American adults, identifying the types of media used alongside these strategies. Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Communication & Mass Media databases were searched for peer-reviewed articles with no restrictions on the publication date. Two reviewers conducted the screening. Studies were included if they had >75% Black/African American adult participants (18 years and older), included behavioral or dietary strategies, had a media component, weight loss or maintenance as an outcome, and published in English language. Results: Nine studies (randomized control trials (n = 5), mixed-method studies (n = 2) and qualitative studies (n = 2)) were included. Behavioral strategies used to lose and maintain weight included goal setting (n = 4), self-monitoring (n = 5), and weekly self-weighing (n = 2). Limiting sugary drinks (n = 3), limiting junk and high fat foods (n = 5), aiming for a set number of calories per day (n = 3), portion control (n = 4), and increasing fruits and vegetable intake (n = 3) were the most common dietary strategies used to lose and maintain weight. Media used in the intervention studies included mHealth text messaging (n = 2), Facebook (n = 2), a website (n = 1), television (n = 1) and a mobile app (n = 1). Conclusions: The findings highlight the limited research on the utilization of media for behavioral and dietary weight loss strategies among Black/African American adults, indicating a need for future studies to explore and optimize media-based strategies for this population.
Impact of Mediterranean Diet Adherence on Lipid Profiles in Pediatric Primary Dyslipidemia: Insights from the Updated KIDMED Score
Authors: Massini Giulia , Capra Nicolò , Buganza Raffaele , Vitello Marta , de Sanctis Luisa , Guardamagna Ornella
Published: February 2025

Background: The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been shown to have cardioprotective effects, as demonstrated in adults, but data on hyperlipidemic children are scanty. This study assessed the impact of MD adherence, evaluated with the updated KIDMED score, on the lipid profiles of pediatric patients affected by primary hyperlipidemias. Methods: This retrospective study included data on 157 children (mean age: 10.01 ± 3.54 years) dating from 2016 to 2020. Dietary adherence and lipid levels were assessed at baseline (T0) and after 6 months (T1) of dietary counseling. Adherence was categorized using the KIDMED score: ≥8 (optimal), 4–7 (improvement needed), and ≤3 (very low). Results: KIDMED scores improved for 65% of patients, with adherence classes increasing for 33.8%. Significant reductions in LDL-C and non-HDL-C (p < 0.0001) levels were associated with even a one-point score increase, beyond which no additional benefits were observed. Conclusions: MD adherence, as measured using the updated KIDMED score, significantly improved the lipid profiles of children with dyslipidemia. These findings will support the performance of early dietary interventions to reduce cardiovascular risk factors.
The Incretin Effect of Yerba Maté (Ilex paraguariensis) Is Partially Dependent on Gut-Mediated Metabolism of Ferulic Acid
Authors: Cooper-Leavitt Elijah T. , Shin Marley J. , Beus Colson G. , Chiu Alden T. , Parker Genevieve , Radford Jack H. , Evans Ethan P. , Edwards Isaac T. , Arroyo Juan A. , Reynolds Paul R. , Bikman Benjamin T.
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Yerba maté (YM), a traditional herbal beverage made from Ilex paraguariensis, contains bioactive compounds like polyphenols and alkaloids known for their metabolic benefits. This study investigates YM’s incretin effects, focusing on glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP). Methods: Male and female C57BL/6 mice were supplemented with YM for four weeks. Post-supplementation, GLP-1 and GIP gene expression levels were analyzed in jejunal mucosa, and plasma hormone concentrations were measured. Additionally, in vitro experiments were conducted using GLUTag L-cells to evaluate the direct effects of YM and its metabolites, including ferulic acid and dihydroferulic acid, on GLP-1 secretion. Gene expression analysis involved quantitative real-time PCR, while hormone levels were assessed via ELISA. Results: YM supplementation significantly increased GLP-1 gene expression and plasma GLP-1 levels compared to controls, with no changes observed in GIP expression or plasma levels. Direct treatment of GLUTag L-cells with YM did not enhance GLP-1 secretion. However, dihydroferulic acid, a microbial metabolite of ferulic acid, markedly stimulated GLP-1 production in L-cells, highlighting a role of gut-mediated metabolism in YM’s incretin effects. Conclusions: YM selectively upregulates GLP-1 pathways without affecting GIP, likely through gut-mediated mechanisms. These findings suggest YM as a promising nutraceutical for incretin modulation and metabolic disorder management. Further studies should explore the interplay between YM, the gut microbiota, and incretin pathways to fully realize its therapeutic potential.
Association of Homocysteine, S-Adenosylhomocysteine and S-Adenosylmethionine with Cardiovascular Events in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Emrich Insa E. , Obeid Rima , Geisel Jürgen , Fliser Danilo , Böhm Michael , Heine Gunnar H. , Zawada Adam M.
Published: February 2025

Background: Patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a high risk of premature cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It has been suggested that elevated homocysteine (Hcy) or disturbances in the transmethylation pathway may contribute to this high cardiovascular risk burden due to epigenetic mechanisms. The objective of this study was to explore the prognostic value of Hcy, S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) (one-carbon (C1)-metabolites) among patients with CKD. Methods: Plasma concentrations of Hcy, SAM and SAH were measured among 297 participants with CKD (KDIGO GFR category G2–G5). The predefined endpoint was the occurrence of major cardiovascular events (MACE), defined as carotid, coronary and peripheral arterial revascularization, stroke, acute myocardial infarction, major amputation, cardiovascular death and all-cause mortality during a median (IQR) follow-up period of 4.0 [3.2; 4.3] years. Results: Among all participants, the median (IQR) of plasma Hcy, SAH, and SAM levels were 16.6 [13.5; 21.2] µmol/L, 41.5 [26.6; 63.9] nmol/L, 183.4 [151.1; 223.5] nmol/L, respectively. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) correlated more strongly with plasma SAH (r = −0.588) than with SAM (r = −0.497) and Hcy (r = −0.424). During the follow-up period, 55 participants experienced MACE. In a univariate Kaplan Meier analysis, all three C1-metabolites were significantly associated with the occurrence of the primary outcome. In a Cox-regression analysis, the association between Hcy and MACE was not significant after adjustment for age and sex (hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the 3rd vs. 1st tertile = 1.804 (0.868–3.974)). Both SAH and SAM were not associated with MACE after adjustment for age, sex and additionally for renal function markers (SAH: HR 3rd vs. 1st tertile 1.645 95% (0.654–4.411); SAM: HR 3rd vs. 1st tertile 1.920 95% CI (0.764–5.138)). Conclusions: In people with CKD, plasma Hcy, SAH and SAM were not independent predictors of MACE after adjustment for age, sex and renal function. Disturbed renal function may explain elevated C1-metabolites and disturbed transmethylation, while this pathway is not likely to be an appropriate access point to modify the risk of cardiovascular events in CKD patients.
The Multi-Target Action Mechanism for the Anti-Periodontitis Effect of Astragali radix Based on Bioinformatics Analysis and In Vitro Verification
Authors: Li Ningli , Wang Bowen , Yang Mingzhen , Feng Miaomiao , Xu Xiaoran , Xian Cory J. , Li Tiejun , Zhai Yuankun
Published: February 2025

Background: Astragali radix is a traditional Chinese medicine with potential therapeutic effects on periodontitis; however, its underlying mechanisms require further investigation. Methods: We employed network pharmacology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and in vitro experiments to explore the potential actions and mechanisms of Astragali radix in treating periodontitis. Results: A total of 17 compounds (including the most prevalent one, Kaempferol) from Astragali radix and 464 corresponding targets were identified, from which five major active ingredients were selected based on the drug-active ingredient and periodontitis gene network. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis identified the top ten core potential targets, seven of which possess suitable crystal structures for molecular docking. These include interleukin-6 (IL6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1), interleukin-1β (IL1β), prostaglandin G/H synthase-2 (PTGS2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), and caspase-3 (CASP3). Additionally, 58 Gene Ontology (GO) terms and 146 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were identified. The five major active ingredients and seven core targets mentioned above were subjected to molecular docking analysis using Discovery Studio 2019 software. Molecular dynamic simulations confirmed a stable interaction between the CASP3 and the Kaempferol ligand system. In vitro experiments indicated that Kaempferol significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced apoptosis in human periodontal ligament stem cells and reduced the expression levels of IL6, CASP3 and MMP9. Conclusions: This study systematically elucidates that the primary active ingredients derived from Astragali radix exert their pharmacological effects (including anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis) primarily by interacting with multiple targets. These findings establish a promising foundation for the targeted application of Astragali radix in the treatment of periodontitis.
Orthorexia Nervosa: Prevalence Among Spanish University Students and Its Effects on Cardiometabolic Health
Authors: Manero-Higuera Sara , Garcés-Rimón Marta , Iglesias-López María Teresa , López-Moreno Miguel
Published: February 2025

Purpose: This study aims to determine the prevalence of orthorexia nervosa (ON) among university students and to evaluate the relationship between stress and ON, as well as the effects that ON may have on the health of these individuals. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 205 participants (66.7% women) were recruited through informational posters on the university campus during the 2022–2023 academic year. They answered different questionnaires to yield socio-demographic data and completed specific tests for the evaluation of ON (Düsseldorf Orthorexia Scale (DOS-ES), Eating Habits Questionnaire (EHQ-ES)) and stress (Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-ES)). The analytical determination of blood biomarkers was also carried out. Results: The prevalence of ON obtained from the DOS-ES questionnaire was 1.5%, while 7.5% of the individuals showed a risk of ON. In addition, a positive correlation was observed between DOS-ES and EHQ-ES scores (rs = 0.674). A weak correlation (rs = 0.138) was reported between stress and ON. Individuals with underweight BMI (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.01–1.22) and elevated monocyte levels (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.05–1.26) were more likely to have higher DOS-ES scores compared to those with normal weight and normal monocyte levels. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated a lower rate (1.5%) than previous studies, and differences by sex or age were not observed in ON diagnosis, nor was a link between underweight BMI and an increased risk of ON. Additionally, a higher monocyte count was associated with ON, suggesting potential immune and cardiometabolic implications, but further research with larger populations is needed to confirm these findings.
Association Between Undernutrition and the Number of Molar Occlusions in Older Persons Requiring Care in Long-Term Care Insurance Facilities
Authors: Takahashi Koji , Watanabe Yutaka , Okumura Takuma , Tamada Yasushi , Sato Misuzu , Iwasaki Masanori , Shirobe Maki , Hirano Hirohiko , Kugimiya Yoshihiro , Kishima Masako , Ito Kayoko , Iwasa Yasuyuki , Watanabe Yoshihiko , Mizutani Shinsuke , Nakagawa Kazuharu , Komoto Shigekazu , Yamazaki Yutaka
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Undernutrition increases the mortality risk in older persons requiring long-term care; further, it is associated with oral functions such as swallowing and chewing. Moreover, occlusion affects oral function and is crucially involved in nutritional intake. The present study aimed to examine the association between the number of molar occlusions and undernutrition according to body mass index (BMI) in older persons requiring long-term care. Methods: Japanese older persons requiring long-term care were categorized based on BMI (<20 kg/m2 vs. 20 kg/m2). We examined the association between undernutrition and the number of molar occlusions (one in each of the left and right premolars and molars, for a total of four). Results: Among 893 included participants, 440 (49.3%) had BMI < 20 kg/m2 and 453 (50.7%) had BMI > 20 kg/m2. Binomial logistic regression analysis revealed that BMI < 20 kg/m2 was significantly associated with increased number of molar occlusions (odds ratio: 0.52–0.70, 95% CI: 0.28–1.00). This indicated that a decrease in the number of molar occlusions was associated with malnutrition as determined through BMI in older persons requiring long-term care and residing in long-term care insurance facilities in Japan. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that maintaining occlusal support may help maintain nutritional status in older persons requiring long-term care.
The Effects and Mechanisms of Phytochemicals on Pain Management and Analgesic
Authors: Patel Milan , Wahezi Sayed , Mavrocordatos Philippe , Abd-Elsayed Alaa
Published: February 2025

Phytochemicals can be an essential treatment for chronic pain. This narrative review will summarize and critically analyze the evidence surrounding these substances in pain management. We will introduce phytochemicals, discuss their associated mechanisms, and comment on their viability for potential treatment. There have been decades of research on phytochemical therapies for pain management, but the authors limited the scope of the investigation to the last 25 years. This literature review will serve as a foundation for the pain practitioner to understand where these treatments fit in the paradigm for chronic pain treatment. Assess the integration of phytochemicals within pain management fully.
A Systematic Review of Vitamin D Supplementation in Oncology: Chance of Science or Effectiveness?
Authors: Afonso Marta Lourenço , Capelas Manuel Luís , Pimenta Nuno M. , Santos Teresa , Mäkitie Antti , Ganhão-Arranhado Susana , Trabulo Carolina , Dias David da Silva , Neves Pedro Miguel , Ravasco Paula
Published: February 2025

Background: Vitamin D (VD) supplementation has increased considerably in the last decade, whether for the prevention or treatment of numerous diseases, including bone, cardiovascular, endocrine, neurologic, psychological, respiratory, infectious, or oncological. The primary objective of this scoping review was to examine and synthesize the scientific evidence on the role of VD in all-type cancer patients undergoing adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy with chemotherapy (CT) or radiotherapy (RT), namely in improving side effects. Methods: This review was conducted by selecting papers from the CINAHL, Scopus and PubMed databases based on the descriptor terms mesh and title/abstract, taking into consideration the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, following the PRISMA-ScR (PRISMA extension for scoping reviews) statement. Results: A total of 758 papers were identified in different databases during this review. However, using the inclusion and exclusion criteria, only five publications made up the final sample of the study. The studies included heterogeneous study methodologies, objectives, cancer diagnosis, as well as methods to assess body composition, which makes it difficult to compare them. Based on the analyzed studies, associations were found between bone density and VD in patients who underwent preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT). In patients with non-small-cell lung cancer receiving CT, some of the side effects associated with the treatment were attenuated and reduced. In addition, another of the studies analyzed found that VD deficiency (VDD) has been associated with increased peripheral neuropathy (PN) induced by CT in the treatment of breast cancer. VD supplementation was found to be safe and effective. Conclusions: In this scoping review, VD is highlighted as a crucial factor in preventing the side effects of neoadjuvant RT or CT, as well as treating other treatment-related health conditions, such as osteoporosis, as well as ameliorating the side effects (nausea, vomiting, fatigue) associated with aggressive CT and RT.
National Trends and Disparities in Complementary Food Diversity Among Infants: A 12-Year Cross-Sectional Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Lee Eun , Rhie Seonkyeong , Kim Ju Hee , Ha Eun Kyo , Kim Min Seo , Lee Won Suk , Han Boeun , Han Man Yong
Published: February 2025

Background: The complementary food introduction and consumption guidelines for atopic dermatitis and food allergy prevention have evolved; however, their impact on infant feeding practices remains unclear. This study aimed to analyze complementary food diversity trends in infants, identify vulnerable infants with limited food diversity, and examine the trends in infants with or without vulnerable factors over time. Methods: This study analyzed infants aged 9–12 months who participated in the food diversity survey, conducted as part of the National Health Screening Program in Korea from 2009 to 2020. The complementary food items included grains, vegetables, fruits, eggs, fish, and meats. Infants consuming “six” and “less than six” complementary food items were categorized into high- and low-food-diversity groups, respectively. The study employed logistic regression models to examine the trends in food diversity and vulnerable factors with an assessment of the interaction effects. Results: This study included 3,425,301 participants (51.5% male) aged 11.3 months (standard deviation, 0.8). The high-food-diversity prevalence significantly increased over time, from 30.8% in 2009 to 52.9% in 2020 (p < 0.001). Vulnerable infants included those with preterm birth, low birth weight, non-breastfeeding status, high socioeconomic status, non-Seoul residence at birth, any perinatal conditions, hospitalization due to wheezing, atopic dermatitis and food allergies. The high-diversity proportion increased significantly over the study period across all vulnerable factors (p for interaction < 0.001). However, no significant interactions were observed between the study years and vulnerable factors, except for food allergy (β Coefficient, −0.0117, p for interaction = 0.004). Conclusions: The increasing trends in high-complementary-food-diversity proportions highlight the substantial progress over the study period. However, persistent disparities in vulnerable populations underline the importance of targeted interventions, including tailored nutritional education and policies, that promote equitable dietary practices during early life.
Dietary Lipids, Gut Microbiota, and Their Metabolites: Insights from Recent Studies
Authors: Mohammadi Farzad , Rudkowska Iwona
Published: February 2025

Dietary lipid intake can influence the gut microbiota (GM) and their metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and bile acids, which are key mediators of health. The objective is to examine how dietary lipids’ quantity and quality influence the GM and metabolite profiles. A literature review of 33 studies in animals and humans was performed on the effects of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), trans-fatty acids (TFAs), and sterols on GM composition and gut-derived metabolites. The results show that diets rich in MUFAs, n-3 PUFAs, and short-chain FAs have the potential to enhance beneficial bacteria and metabolites. In addition, trans-palmitoleic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, and phytosterols may also have potentially beneficial effects on GM, but more research is needed. Medium-chain FAs and n-6 PUFAs have variable effects on the GM. Conversely, intakes of high-fat diets, long-chain SFAs, industrial TFAs, and cholesterol disrupt GM balance. In conclusion, animal studies clearly demonstrate that dietary fats influence the GM and related metabolites. Yet, human studies are limited. Therefore, well-designed human studies that consider the whole diet and baseline health status are needed to better understand the effects of dietary lipids on GM.
Endogenous Ketone Bodies Are Associated with Metabolic Vulnerability and Disability in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Wicks Taylor R. , Shalaurova Irina , Wolska Anna , Browne Richard W. , Weinstock-Guttman Bianca , Zivadinov Robert , Remaley Alan T. , Otvos James D. , Ramanathan Murali
Published: February 2025

Purpose: Ketone bodies could be useful biomarkers in multiple sclerosis (MS) because the pathophysiological processes underlying MS disease progression induce metabolic stress. The purpose was to assess the relationships of ketone bodies with biomarkers of metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress in MS. Methods: Blood samples and neurological assessments were obtained from 153 healthy controls (HC), 187 relapsing-remitting (RRMS), and 91 progressive MS (PMS) patients. AcAc, BHB, and acetone were measured using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Indices of inflammatory vulnerability (IVX), metabolic malnutrition (MMX), and metabolic vulnerability (MVX) were computed from the NMR profiles. Cholesterol, apolipoprotein, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant profiles were obtained. Regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and HC, RRMS, or PMS disease status. Results: AcAc and BHB levels were greater in MS compared to HC. BHB and ketone bodies were positively associated with disability on the MS Severity Scale and ambulation time. BHB was positively associated with IVX, MMX, and MVX. AcAc was positively associated with MMX and negatively associated with IVX and MVX. Total ketone body concentration was positively associated with MMX and MVX. BHB and AcAc levels were negatively associated with the amino acids alanine, valine, and leucine. Conclusions: Ketone bodies are associated with inflammatory vulnerability, metabolic vulnerability, and ambulatory disability measures in MS.
Plant-Dominant Low-Protein Diets: A Promising Dietary Strategy for Mitigating Disease Progression in People with Chronic Kidney Disease—A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Kaimori Jun-Ya , Sakaguchi Yusuke , Oka Tatsufumi , Isaka Yoshitaka
Published: February 2025

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health crisis affecting over 10% of the population, with mortality rates increasing significantly. Current management strategies, including expensive medications and renal replacement therapies, highlight the need for cost-effective, conservative approaches. This review examines the evidence for plant-dominant low-protein diets (PLADO) in managing non-dialysis-dependent CKD. Existing guidelines for protein restriction in CKD vary considerably, with inconsistencies and a lack of personalization noted in the KDOQI and KDIGO recommendations. While traditional low-protein diet trials show limited success due to poor adherence and marginal benefits, PLADO offers a potentially more sustainable alternative. PLADO’s advantages include improved nutrient density, reduced dietary acid load, anti-inflammatory effects, and beneficial modulation of the gut microbiome, potentially reducing uremic toxins and improving cardiovascular health. However, challenges remain, including adherence issues, potential nutrient deficiencies, and potassium management. Although observational studies show promise, further large-scale randomized controlled trials are necessary to validate PLADO’s efficacy and establish optimal dietary composition. A personalized, multidisciplinary approach is essential for successful implementation and monitoring to maximize PLADO’s benefits in improving outcomes for individuals with NDD-CKD.
A Comprehensive Review of the Genetics of Dyslipidemias and Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Kalwick Megan , Roth Mendel
Published: February 2025

Dyslipidemias are often diagnosed based on an individual’s lipid panel that may or may not include Lp(a) or apoB. But these values alone omit key information that can underestimate risk and misdiagnose disease, which leads to imprecise medical therapies that reduce efficacy with unnecessary adverse events. For example, knowing whether an individual’s dyslipidemia is monogenic can granularly inform risk and create opportunities for precision therapeutics. This review explores the canonical and non-canonical causes of dyslipidemias and how they impact atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. This review emphasizes the multitude of genetic causes that cause primary hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and low or elevated high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels. Within each of these sections, this review will explore the evidence linking these genetic conditions with ASCVD risk. Where applicable, this review will summarize approved therapies for a particular genetic condition.
Manufacturing Process Development for Bison bison Organ-Specific Lyophilized Extracts: Formulation and Benchmarking of Antioxidant Activities for Nutraceutical Preparations
Authors: Porcello Alexandre , Girardet Kim , Hadjab Basste , Lourenço Kelly , Scaletta Corinne , Abdel-Sayed Philippe , Hirt-Burri Nathalie , Applegate Lee Ann , Laurent Alexis E.
Published: February 2025

Lyophilized organ extracts from livestock such as beef or elk are widely commercially proposed as animal-sourced nutraceuticals. Such preparations contain blends of vitamins and nutrients that may be employed for general or specific dietary supplementation. The first objective of this study was to develop an optimized and function-oriented manufacturing process for stabilized organ-specific extracts of American buffalo (Bison bison). The second objective of the study was to perform functional benchmarking of the obtained stabilized extracts by focusing on antioxidant attributes, which are key properties of nutraceuticals. Methodologically, a two-step lyophilization process, hard-shell capsule formulation, and process quality control elements were adapted from pharmaceutical technology practices. Stabilized extracts (300 mg capsules) were derived from the spleen, heart, liver, kidneys, lungs, and thymus of grass-fed and grass-finished American bison (born and raised in a tempered climate in Geneva, Switzerland). Functional benchmarking of the obtained extracts was performed using orthogonal methods of antioxidant activity determination (TEAC, FRAP, and H2O2 challenge assays). Firstly, the developed biomass transformation process enabled the considered organs to be effectively stabilized while reaching the desired quality attributes. Secondly, functional characterization of the formulated extracts revealed significant and organ-specific antioxidant attributes, wherein liver-derived materials were found to be the most potent. Thirdly, key quality and functional parameters (residual moisture levels and TEAC) were found to be stable over 12 months of storage following extract preparation. Overall, the present study provides an evidence-based technical/functional rationale for the preparation and control of American bison organ-specific lyophilized extracts to be included in nutraceutical preparations.
Facile Synthesis of a Cholesterol–Doxorubicin Conjugate Using Cholesteryl-4-nitrophenolate as an Activated Ester and Biological Property Analysis
Authors: Freitas Pedro , Maciel Dina , Jaśkowska Jolanta , Zeńczak-Tomera Kamila , Zhou Yanbiao , Yin Guoyin , Sheng Ruilong
Published: February 2025

Developing new biomolecule–drug conjugates as prodrugs is a promising area for natural products and pharmaceutical chemistry. Herein, a cholesterol–doxorubicin (Chol-DOX) conjugate was synthesized using cholesteryl-4-nitrophenolate as a facile, stable, and controllable activated ester. This approach offers an alternative to the conventional HCl-emitting cholesteryl chloroformate method. Semi-empirical theoretical calculations showed that cholesteryl-4-nitrophenolate exhibits moderate reactivity, greater thermodynamic stability, a higher dipole moment, and a lower HOMO-LUMO energy gap compared to cholesteryl chloroformate, suggesting that cholesteryl-4-nitrophenolate could be used as a more controllable acylating agent. The structure of the synthesized Chol-DOX conjugate was characterized using NMR, MS, and FT-IR techniques. Biological properties of the Chol-DOX conjugate were analyzed with a comparison of theoretical and experimental data. This work provides a facile and controllable method to synthesize natural lipid–DOX prodrugs and offers an in-depth data analysis of the related biological properties.
Establishment of Intestinal Organoids from Common Marmosets
Authors: Ishimura Arisa , Iwatsuki Ken , Imai Hiroo
Published: February 2025

Intestinal organoids are useful for the in vitro investigation of the properties of intestinal epithelial cells and their interaction with the gut microbiome. In this study, we cultured cecal and colonic organoids from common marmosets, which are highlighted as model nonhuman primates but are susceptible to gastrointestinal diseases. The organoids established were capable of passaging and long-term culture. The results of quantitative reverse transcription PCR and immunostaining showed that the organoids differentiated into major cell types (colonocytes, goblet cells, and enteroendocrine cells) in the intestinal epithelium, enabling the in vitro analysis of these cells in marmosets. The organoids could therefore represent a useful model for the investigation of gut physiology in relation to gastrointestinal diseases and host-microbiome interactions, further expanding medical, biological, and veterinary research in the future.
Analysis of Halophilic Phenotypic Variation and Cytotoxicity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from Different Sources
Authors: Gu Jingyue , Dong Xin , Zhou Yunqian , Zhao Ying , Du Qiang , Chen Jia , Mao Xujian , Wang Fengming , Tu Bowen
Published: February 2025

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an aquatic animal pathogen. Recently, the detection rate of V. parahaemolyticus in freshwater products has exceeded that in seafood products, and the strains isolated from freshwater products exhibit better growth conditions in low-salinity environments. This study is based on a food risk detection activity in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China, investigating the variation of halophilism and the virulence of two groups of strains under different salt concentrations. Under 0%, 0.5%, and 1% salt, the strains from the freshwater showed faster growth than those from the seawater. In comparison, the strains from the seawater group under 2% and 3% salt grew faster than the growing status under the foregoing low-salt concentration environment. The cytotoxicity produced by the two strains was approximately 1.4 times higher in the 0.5% and 1% salt concentration groups compared to the 3% corresponding experimental group. Under the 0%, 0.5%, and 1% salt, the cytotoxicity of strains in the freshwater group increased by nearly 20% compared to that in the seawater groups. The freshwater strains showed altered halophilism and adapted to the low-salt environment. This research will be helpful in establishing a local and global control strategy against the diseases resulting from V. parahaemolyticus.