bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mnemonic prediction errors promote detailed memories
Authors: Bein Oded , Plotkin Natalie A. , Davachi Lila
Published: October 2021

When our experience violates our predictions, it is adaptive to update our knowledge to promote a more accurate representation of the world and facilitate future predictions. Theoretical models propose that these mnemonic prediction errors should be encoded into a distinct memory trace to prevent interference with previous, conflicting memories. We investigated this proposal by repeatedly exposing participants to pairs of sequentially presented objects (A → B), thus evoking expectations. Then, we violated participants’ expectations by replacing the second object in the pairs with a novel object (A → C). The following item memory test required participants to discriminate between identical old items and similar lures, thus testing detailed and distinctive item memory representations. In two experiments, mnemonic prediction errors enhanced item memory: Participants correctly identified more old items as old when those items violated expectations during learning, compared with items that did not violate expectations. This memory enhancement for C items was only observed when participants later showed intact memory for the related A → B pairs, suggesting that strong predictions are required to facilitate memory for violations. Following up on this, a third experiment reduced prediction strength prior to violation and subsequently eliminated the memory advantage of violations. Interestingly, mnemonic prediction errors did not increase gist-based mistakes of identifying old items as similar lures or identifying similar lures as old. Enhanced item memory in the absence of gist-based mistakes suggests that violations enhanced memory for items’ details, which could be mediated via distinct memory traces. Together, these results advance our knowledge of how mnemonic prediction errors promote memory formation.
Synthesis and crystal structure of a new chiral α-aminooxime nickel(II) complex
Authors: Homrani Yasmina , Dahdouh Abdelaziz , El Amrani Mohamed Amin , Loxq Pauline , Capet Frédéric , Suisse Isabelle , Sauthier Mathieu
Published: October 2021

A dinuclear nickel complex with (S)-limonene based aminooxime ligand has been isolated and its crystal structure determined. The resolved structure of dichloridobis{(2S,5R)-2-methyl-5-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-2-[(pyridin-2-yl)methylamino]cyclohexan-1-one oxime}dinickel(II), [Ni2Cl2(C16H23ClN3O)2], at 100 K has monoclinic (P21) symmetry. The two NiII ions in the dinuclear complex are each coordinated in a distorted octahedral environment by three nitrogen atoms, a terminal chloride and two μ bridging chlorides. Each oxime ligand is coordinated to nickel(II) by the three nitrogen atoms, leading to two five-membered chelate rings, each displaying an envelope conformation. In the crystal, numerous intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds lead to the formation of a three-dimensional network structure.
Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of bis[(ethoxymethanethioyl)sulfanido](N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethane-1,2-diamine)mercury(II)
Authors: Qadir Adnan M. , Kansiz Sevgi , Dege Necmi , Saif Eiad
Published: October 2021

The title four-coordinate mononuclear complex, [Hg(C3H5OS2)2(C6H16N2)] or [Hg(C3H5OS2)2(tmeda)] (tmeda: N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethane-1,2-diamine), has a distorted tetrahedral geometry. The HgII ion is coordinated to two N atoms of the N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine ligand and two S atoms from two ethylxanthate xanthate ligands. In the crystal, molecules are linked by weak C—H...S hydrogen bonds, forming a two-dimensional supramolecular architecture in the ab plane. The most important contributions for the crystal packing are from H...H (59.3%), S...H (27.4%) and O...H (7.5%) interactions.
Strategies and lessons learnt from user involvement in researching quality and safety in nursing homes and homecare
Authors: Aase Ingunn , Ree Eline , Johannessen Terese , Holen-Rabbersvik Elisabeth , Thomsen Line Hurup , Strømme Torunn , Ullebust Berit , Schibevaag Lene , Lyng Hilda Bø , O'Hara Jane , Wiig Siri
Published: October 2021

Purpose

The purpose is to share strategies, rationales and lessons learnt from user involvement in a quality and safety improvement research project from the practice field in nursing homes and homecare services.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a viewpoint paper summarizing how researchers and co-researchers from the practice field of nursing homes and homecare services (nurse counsellors from different municipalities, patient ombudsman and next-of-kin representatives/and elderly care organization representant) experienced user involvement through all phases of the research project. The project included implementation of a leadership intervention.

Findings

Multiple strategies of user involvement were applied during the project including partnership in the consortium, employment of user representatives (co-researchers) and user-led research activities. The rationale was to ensure sound context adaptation of the intervention and development of tailor-made activities and tools based on equality and mutual trust in the collaboration. Both university-based researchers and Co-researchers experienced it as useful and necessary to involve or being involved in all phases of the research project, including the designing, planning, intervention implementation, evaluation and dissemination of results.

Originality/value

User involvement in research is a growing field. There is limited focus on this aspect in quality and safety interventions in nursing homes and homecare settings and in projects focussing on the leadership' role in improving quality and safety.
Information literacy as a site for anticipation: temporal tactics for infrastructural meaning-making and algo-rhythm awareness
Authors: Haider Jutta , Sundin Olof
Published: October 2021

Purpose

The article makes an empirical and conceptual contribution to understanding the temporalities of information literacies. The paper aims to identify different ways in which anticipation of certain outcomes shapes strategies and tactics for engagement with algorithmic information intermediaries. The paper suggests that, given the dominance of predictive algorithms in society, information literacies need to be understood as sites of anticipation.

Design/methodology/approach

The article explores the ways in which the invisible algorithms of information intermediaries are conceptualised, made sense of and challenged by young people in their everyday lives. This is couched in a conceptual discussion of the role of anticipation in understanding expressions of information literacies in algorithmic cultures. The empirical material drawn on consists of semi-structured, pair interviews with 61 17–19 year olds, carried out in Sweden and Denmark. The analysis is carried out by means of a qualitative thematic analysis in three steps and along two sensitising concepts – agency and temporality.

Findings

The results are presented through three themes, anticipating personalisation, divergences and interventions. These highlight how articulating an anticipatory stance works towards connecting individual responsibilities, collective responsibilities and corporate interests and thus potentially facilitating an understanding of information as co-constituted by the socio-material conditions that enable it. This has clear implications for the framing of information literacies in relation to algorithmic systems.

Originality/value

The notion of algo-rhythm awareness constitutes a novel contribution to the field. By centring the role of anticipation in the emergence of information literacies, the article advances understanding of the temporalities of information.
Management's knowledge filter: entrepreneurship theory and the historic conceptual evolution of opportunism in management studies
Authors: Muldoon Jeffrey , Bendickson Joshua S. , Gur Furkan A. , Murphy Patrick J.
Published: October 2021

Purpose

This study aims to argue that opportunism is central to management thought and illustrate its evolution into a central element of the entrepreneurship theory. The authors show that many criticisms of opportunism tend to conflate the concept with other theoretic traditions.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors trace foundational works by Taylor, Mayo, Fayol, Barnard, Follett and Simon to limit opportunism under the guise of promoting cooperation in organizations.

Findings

Opportunism is conceptualized in transaction cost economics as one of the most controversial concepts in management. While modern management is based on handling opportunism, it is bad for practice, as it ignores innovation, and damages trust and goodwill among organizational members. These interventions serve as a knowledge filter, damaging organizational entrepreneurship.

Originality/value

By tracing the roots of opportunism in early management thought, the authors clarify ethical and entrepreneurial issues of mutual obligations in organizations. The authors also place workplace conflict to be a more coherent framework that better reflects the core concept of opportunism.
A turnaround fuelled by transformational leadership
Authors: Sengupta Mayuree
Published: October 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to understand how Chairman and Managing Director (CMD) of the National Research Development Corporation, India, Hanumanthu Purushotham had facilitated a turnaround of the organization and ensured profitability during his tenure there. This is one of the series of interview-based studies that focuses on a South Asian CEO, with the goal of ascertaining his leadership and management style in a volatile situation. This brief paper expounds how leader traits and transformational leadership can positively impact an organizational turnaround and fuel growth.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses primary interviews and complements the findings with secondary data sources such as annual reports and management literature on leadership trait, transformational leadership and organizational turnaround.

Findings

The study found that socioeconomic factors have a bearing on leadership attributes. In this instance, the CMD's early years, diverse work experiences, bright traits and transformational leadership positively impacted organizational performance. Therefore, not only the qualifications but also the qualities of a leader are pivotal in shaping success of an organization.

Originality/value

The narrative provides an instance of how decision-making driven by strategic leadership can change firm performance. The rich experiences of the India-educated CMD, a government job holder all-through, provides a veteran's view to decision-making in a state-controlled firm and helps us understand how an organization can be transformed in a limited time and with scarce resources.
Turning old foes into new allies—Harnessing drainage canals for biodiversity conservation in a desiccated European lowland region
Authors: Tölgyesi Csaba , Torma Attila , Bátori Zoltán , Šeat Jelena , Popović Miloš , Gallé Róbert , Gallé‐Szpisjak Nikolett , Erdős László , Vinkó Tamás , Kelemen András , Török Péter
Published: October 2021

Drainage canals are widespread components of agricultural landscapes. Although canals have greatly contributed to biodiversity loss by desiccating wetlands, they have recently attracted conservation attention due to their potential to function as refugia for native species in intensively managed landscapes. However, their conservation role in complex landscapes composed of agricultural fields and desiccated but otherwise untransformed, semi‐natural habitats, on which canals still pose a heavy burden, is unknown. Improved understanding of drainage canals and related biodiversity in these landscapes could help unlock their potential and support synergistic land management for nature conservation and water resource management.

We applied a multi‐taxon approach, including plants, butterflies, true bugs, spiders and birds, to (a) assess the conservation value of drainage canals with temporary water cover in a heavily drained European lowland region, (b) to test landscape‐level and local canal parameters for aiding prioritization among canals and (c) to propose a reconciliation‐based management framework that suits the interest of all stakeholders.

We found that drainage canals and their banks concentrate more species across most taxa than semi‐natural, mostly grassland habitats, possibly due to micro‐environmental heterogeneity and the absence of low‐intensity annual management compared to grasslands. Canals traversing semi‐natural grasslands concentrate particularly high numbers of native species, but agricultural canals also support remarkable species richness. However, agricultural canals are important dispersal corridors for non‐native invasive plants, which may negatively affect native biodiversity. Canal size has little effect on biodiversity, but habitat stress is an important determinant. The higher the stress (due to sandiness and salinity), the higher the added value of canals to landscape‐wide biodiversity.

Synthesis and applications. We show that drainage canals can harbour high biodiversity and should therefore be recognized as important novel ecosystems with high conservation value, even when cutting through semi‐natural grassland habitats. Canals have previously been considered detrimental to nature conservation due to their association with loss of wetlands. However, by reducing water loss with reversible obstructions, controlling invasive species and applying specific conservation measures, they may be turned into conservation allies without compromising long‐term interests of water management and agricultural land use.
Menopause workplace policy: The way forward or backward?
Authors: Carter Sarah , Davis Susan , Black Kirsten I.
Published: October 2021

Workplace policies regarding women’s reproductive and menopausal health are garnering global attention. The peri‐ and post‐menopause stages may be turbulent times for many women, with some experiencing debilitating symptoms and some none at all. While the symptoms of menopause should be recognised by employers due to their various impacts, the implementation of policies that pertain to all women can alienate older female workers by creating prejudice surrounding work capability. This piece identifies other avenues for the inclusion of menopausal symptoms through pre‐existing policy and highlights the issues facing menopausal women in this current age.
The Anaesthetic Politics of Being Unaffected: Embodying Insecure Digital Platform Labour
Authors: Bissell David
Published: October 2021

Building on critical geographic research on the embodied politics of labour that has explored how different forms of work transform bodily capacities for action, this paper argues that a body’s capacity to be affected is an overlooked aspect of a labouring body’s power. In response, the paper develops the concept of anaesthesia in relation to work by explaining how a reduced capacity to be affected can be both politically constraining and enabling for the bodies involved. Through qualitative fieldwork with digital platform workers, the paper presents three narratives that express the embodied complexities of this insecure work. Concealment, projection and resignation are explored as anaesthetic bodily tactics that constitute a refusal to inhabit certain depleting experiences. By drawing attention to such survival strategies, the paper highlights how workers’ changing capacities for feeling are just as significant for understanding worker agency as their changing capacities for action.
Combined biomechanical and tomographic keratoconus staging: Adding a biomechanical parameter to the ABCD keratoconus staging system
Authors: Flockerzi Elias , Vinciguerra Riccardo , Belin Michael Wellington , Vinciguerra Paolo , Ambrósio Renato , Seitz Berthold
Published: October 2021

Purpose

This retrospective cross‐sectional study evaluated the potential of an additional biomechanical parameter ‘E’ as an addition to the tomographic ABCD ectasia/keratoconus (KC) staging.

Methods

The Corvis Biomechanical Factor (CBiF) represents the modified linear term of the Corvis Biomechanical Index (CBI) developed based on 448 KC corneas from the Homburg Keratoconus Center (HKC). The CBiF range was divided into five stages (E0 to E4) to create a grading system according to the ABCD stages. Stage E0 was characterized by values smaller than the 2.5 percentile. The thresholds were created by dividing the CBiF range between the 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles into four groups of equal values (E1–E4). The frequency distribution of ‘E’ was analysed and independently validated based on another 860 KC corneas dataset from Milano and Rio de Janeiro (MR). The relationship between ‘E’ and the ABCD staging was analysed by cross‐tabulation. The specificity of ‘E’ was assessed based on healthy controls (112|851) from both datasets (HKC|MR).

Results

‘E’ was normally distributed with E0 = 37|30, E1 = 86|200, E2 = 155|354, E3 = 101|206, E4 = 69|70 in the KC group and 96.4%|90.5% of the controls classified E0 in the HKC|MR dataset, respectively. Cross‐tabulation revealed that ‘E’ was most comparable to posterior corneal curvature (‘B’) in both datasets, while showing a trend towards more advanced stages in comparison to anterior corneal curvature (‘A’) and thinnest corneal thickness (‘C’).

Conclusion

The novel Corvis‐derived parameter ‘E’ provides a biomechanical staging for ectasia/KC potentially enhancing the ABCD staging and may detect abnormalities before tomographic changes, which requires further studies.
Molecular margin status after radical prostatectomy using glutathione S‐transferase P1 (GSTP1) promoter hypermethylation
Authors: Witt Jörn H. , Friedrich Maria , Jandrig Burkhard , Porsch Markus , Baumunk Daniel , Liehr Uwe‐B. , Wendler Johann J. , Schostak Martin
Published: October 2021

Objective

To assess the potential for molecular staging in biopsies of the prostatic fossa after radical prostatectomy (RP) by searching for occult tumour cells through analysis of glutathione S‐transferase P1 (GSTP1) methylation status.

Patients and Methods

We analysed 2446 biopsies: 2286 biopsies from a group of 254 patients with clinically organ‐confined prostate cancer who underwent RP and 160 biopsies from a control group of 32 patients. After prostate gland excision, biopsies were obtained from defined areas of the prostatic fossa and bisected for histopathological and molecular genetics analyses. Results were related to clinicopathological data including tumour stage, lymph node status, resection status, tumour grading, initial PSA level, and biochemical recurrence.

Results

In total, 34 patients (13.4%) had at least one core positive for the GSTP1 promoter hypermethylation, six of whom (17.6%) were characterised as having a clinically localised tumour stage (pT2, pN0) and 28 (82.4%) as an advanced tumour stage (≥pT3 and/or pN1). GSTP1 promoter hypermethylation significantly correlated with tumour stage (P < 0.001), International Society of Urological Pathology grading (P = 0.001), lymph node status (P < 0.001), surgical margin status (P < 0.001), and biochemical recurrence (P = 0.001). Furthermore, in 46 patients (18.1%) further analysis led to a down‐ or upgrading of conventional surgical margin status. Classical R‐status (margins of the specimen) is significantly superior to histological sampling from the fossa (P = 0.006) but not to GSTP1 analysis from the fossa (P = 0.227).

Conclusion

For the detection of residual tumour in the fossa after RP in order to better predict recurrence, molecular GSTP1 promoter hypermethylation has some value; however, the classical R‐status (margins of the specimen) is simpler and more widely applicable with similar results.
Impact of congenital Zika virus and COVID‐19 on childhood disability in Latin America
Authors: Schiariti Verónica , Longo Egmar , de Campos Ana Carolina
Published: October 2021

Spanish and Portuguese translations of this editorial are available in the online issue.
The demand effect analysis of head books and tail books in book recommendation networks
Authors: Kim Jae Kyeong , Jeong Chang Geun , Li Qinglong , Choi Il Young
Published: October 2021

Many existing studies related to recommendation systems have made great efforts to increase performance‐oriented evaluation metrics such as accuracy, recall, F1 value, MAE, diversity, and so on. However, these metrics for measuring performance do not provide any explanation of how such recommendation systems contribute to a product provider's sales. Recently, to investigate the factors affecting product sales, researchers have started to use the product recommendation network, which is a graphical presentation of the relationship between products that are purchased simultaneously. In this research, we are going to identify factors that influence the demand for head books (top sales books) and tail books (non‐top sales books) in academic and technology books, because the characteristics of specialized books are different from those of general books. To test the model, online sales data of medicine and science books of G Publishing, the leading medical book publishing and distribution company in Korea, are used. We employ social network analysis and multiple regression analysis to investigate demand effect of the book recommendation network. The former is used to measure centralities of the book recommendation network, while the latter is used to measure the demand effect. Furthermore, we inspect whether there are different attributes between head books and tail books that are related to the book demand in recommendation networks. This study is the first attempt to examine the demand effect of the recommendation network of academic and technology books. The following results are obtained general book sales of an online bookstore follow a long‐tail law, while sales of academic and technology books follow Pareto's law distribution. This study investigated attributes that might be linked to demand effect of head books and tail books in the recommendation network of academic and technology books. How to increase book sales using attributes that are differently associated with the demand of head books and tail books in the recommendation network is also presented.
Nonwearable actigraphy to assess changes in motor activity before and after rescue analgesia in terminally ill patients with cancer: A pilot study
Authors: Higami Yoko , Higuchi Akarai , Tanaka Haruka , Moriki Yuki , Utsumi Momoe , Yamakawa Miyae , Ito Yuri , Hatano Yutaka , Maeda Isseki , Fukui Sakiko
Published: October 2021

Aims

This study aimed to investigate the usefulness of nonwearable actigraphy to assess changes in motor activity before and after rescue analgesic administration in terminally ill cancer patients.

Background

Evaluating pain in terminally ill cancer patients is difficult; pain assessment tools are needed.

Methods

This was an exploratory descriptive study conducted within a palliative care unit. A nonwearable actigraph was used to measure the activity score and movement index of terminally ill patients with weeks‐long prognosis and pain. The actigraph and medical data were integrated, and data were compared 6 h before and after rescue analgesic administration.

Results

Among 10 patients (age: 75.8 ± 12.3 years; six men), we evaluated 28 pain episodes (mean activity score: 130.9 ± 180.5 counts per minute; movement index: 68.8%). When pain was relieved at night following rescue analgesic administration, activity score and movement index decreased significantly (6 h before vs. 6 h after analgesics, respectively: 113.1 to 69.7 counts per minute; 64.3% to 41.8%; both p < 0.0001). With no relief after rescue analgesic administration, activity score did not differ significantly 6 h before and after analgesics: 147.3 to 137.7 counts per minute.

Conclusion

Pain in terminally ill cancer patients could be assessed using a nonwearable actigraph to capture motor activity and improve pain assessment.
Influence of Zn2+ doping on the morphotropic phase boundary in lead‐free piezoelectric (1 – x)Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3‐xBaTiO3
Authors: Bremecker Daniel , Lalitha K. V. , Teuber Siegfried , Koruza Jurij , Rödel Jürgen
Published: October 2021

A series of morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) compositions of (1–x)Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3‐xBaTiO3 (x = 0.05, 0.055, 0.06, 0.065, 0.07), with and without 0.5 mol% Zn‐doping was synthesized using the solid‐state route. The samples were characterized using X‐ray diffraction, dielectric analysis, and electromechanical measurements (piezoelectric d33 coefficient, coupling factor kp, mechanical quality factor Qm, and internal bias field Ebias). The increase in the ferroelectric‐relaxor transition temperature upon Zn‐doping was accompanied by a shift of the MPB toward the Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3‐rich side of the phase diagram. Higher tetragonal phase fraction and increased tetragonal distortion were noted for Zn‐doped (1 – x)Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3‐xBaTiO3. In addition, ferroelectric hardening and the presence of an internal bias field (Ebias) were observed for all doped compositions. The piezoelectric constant d33 and the coupling coefficient kp decreased by up to ∼30%, while a 4‐ to 6‐fold increase in Qm was observed for the doped compositions. Apart from establishing a structure–property correlation, these results highlight the chemically induced shift of the phase diagram upon doping, which is a crucial factor in material selection for optimal performance and commercialization.
Analysis of listeriosis infection cases during pregnancy among 70 131 deliveries
Authors: Kuang Linghan , Lai Yuyang , Gong Yunhui
Published: October 2021

Objective

To provide evidence for the diagnosis of listeriosis through a retrospective study of clinical features and results of pregnant women infected with listeriosis.

Methods

Twenty‐nine pregnant women infected with listeriosis visiting West China Second University Hospital affiliated to Sichuan University from July 2010 to February 2019 were included in the retrospective analysis. Data like general information, clinical symptoms, laboratory results, and pathogen detection were analyzed to conclude clinical characteristics.

Results

The median age of 29 patients was 28 (18.0–42.0). Nine individuals visited in the second trimester, while 20 in the last trimester. The median course before visiting was 3.4 (0.1–19) days. The main symptoms of the first attendance were fever (21/29), increased white blood cells (26/29), abdominal pain (16/29), and decreased or vanished fetal movements (7/29). Samples where listeria were identified were maternal blood (14 cases), excreta from birth canal (24 cases), placenta (one case), newborn blood (seven cases), newborn sputum (eight cases), newborn excreta from auditory meatus (three cases), cerebrospinal fluid (two cases) and ocular discharge (one case). Inflammation was detected in pathological examination of placenta in all subjects. Among them, three were diagnosed with mild chorioamnionitis; five with moderate chorioamnionitis; nine with moderate‐to‐severe chorioamnionitis and 12 with severe chorioamnionitis. Among 33 fetuses carried by 29 subjects, fetal outcomes include six miscarriages, nine stillbirths, four newborn deaths immediately after birth and four after treatment discontinuation, nine discharges after successful treatment in hospital, and one death after treatment. As for maternal outcomes, 29 pregnant women all recovered after delivery.

Conclusion

With the acute onset, high incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes and low coverage of initial treatment, clinical physicians need to raise the awareness of listeriosis during pregnancy.
Early detection of a cesarean scar pregnancy with placenta increta by contrast‐enhanced ultrasound in the first trimester: A case report and literature review
Authors: Mai Zhen‐Sheng , Chen Yun‐Qing , Liao Min , Ma Cong , Han Yu‐Bin
Published: October 2021

Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy, which is a long‐term complication of cesarean section. Prompt and accurate diagnosis of CSP is important to decrease maternal mobility and mortality. However, it is difficult to make an early detection for CSP complicated with morbidly adherent placenta. Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound with the advantage in blood flow imaging is low‐cost, time‐saving, safe and more accessible in clinical practice. Here, we report a case with early detection of CSP with placenta increta by contrast‐enhanced ultrasound and its successful uterine‐sparing surgical management.
Handling the heat – photosynthetic thermal stress in tropical trees
Authors: Tarvainen Lasse , Wittemann Maria , Mujawamariya Myriam , Manishimwe Aloysie , Zibera Etienne , Ntirugulirwa Bonaventure , Ract Claire , Manzi Olivier J. L. , Andersson Mats X. , Spetea Cornelia , Nsabimana Donat , Wallin Göran , Uddling Johan
Published: October 2021

Warming climate increases the risk for harmful leaf temperatures in terrestrial plants, causing heat stress and loss of productivity. The heat sensitivity may be particularly high in equatorial tropical tree species adapted to a thermally stable climate.

Thermal thresholds of the photosynthetic system of sun‐exposed leaves were investigated in three tropical montane tree species native to Rwanda with different growth and water use strategies (Harungana montana, Syzygium guineense and Entandrophragma exselsum). Measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf gas exchange, morphology, chemistry and temperature were made at three common gardens along an elevation/temperature gradient.

Heat tolerance acclimated to maximum leaf temperature (Tleaf) across the species. At the warmest sites, the thermal threshold for normal function of photosystem II was exceeded in the species with the highest Tleaf despite their higher heat tolerance. This was not the case in the species with the highest transpiration rates and lowest Tleaf. The results point to two differently effective strategies for managing thermal stress: tolerance through physiological adjustment of leaf osmolality and thylakoid membrane lipid composition, or avoidance through morphological adaptation and transpiratory cooling.

More severe photosynthetic heat stress in low‐transpiring montane climax species may result in a competitive disadvantage compared to high‐transpiring pioneer species with more efficient leaf cooling.
Comparison between same‐day discharge and overnight stay after atrial fibrillation ablation: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Prasitlumkum Narut , Cheungpasitporn Wisit , Chokesuwattanaskul Ronpichai , Kewcharoen Jakrin , Tokavanich Nithi , Navaravong Leenhapong , Jongnarangsin Krit
Published: October 2021

Background

In the modern era, atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation trend has been shifted toward same‐day discharge (SDD), from a traditional overnight stay. Yet, recent studies have not well stated the safety profiles which remained poor‐understood and dispersed. We hence performed systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess the adverse outcomes of SDD in comparison with an overnight stay.

Methods

Databases were searched through January 2021. Effect estimates from the individual studies were extracted and combined using random‐effects, generic inverse variance method of der Simonian and Laird. The primary outcomes included total cumulative complications and immediate complications following AF ablation.

Results

Ten observational studies were met our inclusion criteria, comprising of total population of 11,660 patients, with SDD 51.3%. For total cumulative complications, there were no differences observed between SDD and overnight stay (5.2% vs. 6.2%: pooled OR 0.77: 95% CI 0.55–1.08, p = .13 with I2 = 27.1%). In addition, comparable immediate complications were also demonstrated (5.2 % vs. 4.3: pooled OR 1.08: 95% CI 0.72–1.62, p = .718, with I2 = 37.3 %).

Conclusion

Our study suggested that SDD had similar complication rates, both total cumulative and immediate outcomes, compared with overnight stay in selected patients following AF ablation. Nevertheless, randomized control trials are warranted to validate the findings.
Global Korea Scholarship students: Intention to stay in the host country to work or study after graduation
Authors: Istad Felicia , Varpahovskis Eriks , Miezan Ekra , Ayhan Kadir Jun
Published: October 2021

Over the past few decades, South Korea has increasingly sought to attract international talent. Every year, hundreds of students are invited to study in the country on a competitive scholarship provided by the government. Upon graduation, students are equipped with a tertiary degree, as well as knowledge of the Korean language and culture. This study examines the determinants of intention to stay in South Korea to work or study after graduation, using a 2019 survey of Global Korea Scholarship recipients (n = 524). We draw upon literature in student mobility and examine determinants of two‐step migration, including satisfaction with the scholarship program, university experiences, social integration, and life in the host country. Results from the statistical analysis show that academic satisfaction, social adjustment, and satisfaction with life in South Korea are positively associated with participants' intentions to stay in the country to work or study after graduation. The findings highlight the role of academic institutions and host communities in influencing students' poststudy plans and point to the need for policy measures that approach talent retention with simultaneous attention to integration and satisfaction, both within and beyond campus.

Related Articles in this Special Issue

Ayhan, Kadir Jun, and Nancy Snow. 2021. “Introduction to the Special Issue—Global Korea Scholarship: Empirical Evaluation of a non‐Western Scholarship Program from a Public Diplomacy Perspective.” Politics & Policy 49(6): 1282–1291. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12440.

Lee, Hyelim, and Nancy Snow. 2021. “Gendered Experience in Student Mobility Programs—Global Korea Scholarship Recipients' Evaluation of Korea's Country Image.” Politics & Policy 49(6): 1343–1358. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12441.

Perez, Loarre Andreu, Myoung‐Gi Chon, Kelly Vibber, and Jeong‐Nam Kim. 2021. “Classifying Foreign Publics: Examining the Relationships Behavioral Experience, Symbolic Environment, and Communication Behaviors among Key Foreign Publics.” Politics & Policy 49(6): 1308–1322. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12439.
Trends and risk factors of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in asymptomatic blood donors
Authors: Valenti Luca , Pelusi Serena , Cherubini Alessandro , Bianco Cristiana , Ronzoni Luisa , Uceda Renteria Sara , Coluccio Elena , Berzuini Alessandra , Lombardi Angela , Terranova Leonardo , Malvestiti Francesco , Lamorte Giuseppe , Erba Elisa , Oggioni Massimo , Ceriotti Ferruccio , Prati Daniele
Published: October 2021

Background

A large proportion of SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected individuals does not develop severe symptoms. Serological tests help in evaluating the spread of infection and disease immunization. The aim of this study was to prospectively examine the trends and risk factors of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in blood donors.

Study design and methods

We screened 8798 asymptomatic donors presenting in Milan from July 2020 to February 2021 (10,680 presentations) before the vaccination campaign for anti‐nucleoprotein (NP) antibodies, and for anti‐spike receptor‐binding domain (RBD) antibodies and nasopharyngeal swab PCR in those who tested positive.

Results

The prevalence of anti‐NP+/RBD+ tests increased progressively with time up to ~15% (p < .0001), preceded by a peak of PCR+ tests. Anti‐RBD titers were higher in anti‐NP IgG+/IgM+ than in IgG+/IgM− individuals and in those with a history of infection (p < .0001); of these 197/630 (31.2%) displayed high titers (>80 AU/ml). Anti‐RBD titers declined during follow‐up, depending on baseline titers (p < .0001) and time (p = .025). Risk factors for seroconversion were a later presentation date and non‐O ABO blood group (p < .001). A positive PCR was detected in 0.7% of participants in the absence of SARS‐CoV‐2 viremia.

Conclusions

During the second wave of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in Northern Italy, we detected an increase in seroprevalence in healthy blood donors from ~4% to ~15%, with a trend paralleling that observed in the general population. Seroconversion was more frequent in carriers of non‐O blood groups. The persistence of anti‐RBD antibodies was short‐lived.
Validating the serpent-ants Calculation Chain Using BEAVRS Fresh Core Hot Zero Power Data
Authors: Valtavirta Ville , Rintala Antti , Lauranto Unna
Published: October 2021

The serpent Monte Carlo code and the serpent-ants two-step calculation chain are used to model the hot zero power physics tests described in the BEAVRS benchmark. The predicted critical boron concentrations, control rod group worths, and isothermal temperature coefficients are compared between serpent and serpent-ants as well as against the experimental measurements. Furthermore, radial power distributions in the unrodded and rodded core configurations are compared between serpent and serpent-ants. In addition to providing results using a best practices calculation chain, the effects of several simplifications or omissions in the group constant generation process on the results are estimated. Both the direct and two-step neutronics solutions provide results close to the measured values. Comparison between the measured data and the direct serpent Monte Carlo solution yields root-mean-square (RMS) differences of 12.1 mg/kg, 25.1×10−5 and 0.67×10−5 K−1 for boron, control rod worths and temperature coefficients, respectively. The two-step serpent-ants solution reaches a similar level of accuracy with RMS differences of 17.4 mg/kg, 23.6×10−5 and 0.29×10−5 K−1. The match in the radial power distribution between serpent and serpent-ants was very good with the RMS and MAXimum (MAX) for pin power errors being 1.31% and 4.99%, respectively, in the unrodded core and 1.67% (RMS) and 8.39% (MAX) in the rodded core.
Interplay Between Eutectic and Dendritic Growths Dominated by Si Content for Nb-Si-Ti Alloys Via Rapid Solidification
Authors: Guo Yueling , Jia Lina , He Junyang , Zhang Siyuan , Li Zhiming , Zhang Hu
Published: October 2021

Rapid solidification techniques such as electron beam additive manufacturing are considered as promising pathways for manufacturing Nb-Si-based alloys for ultra-high-temperature applications. Here, we investigate the microstructure diversity of a series of Nb-Si-Ti alloys via electron beam surface melting (EBSM) to reveal their rapid solidification behaviors. Results show that the microstructural transition from coupled to divorced Nbss/Nb3Si eutectics can be triggered by increasing Si content. The formation of fully lamellar eutectics, evidenced by scanning transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography (APT), is achieved in the EBSM-processed Nb18Si20Ti alloy (at%), in contrast to the hypereutectic microstructures in arc-melted counterparts. The dendritic microstructures containing divorced eutectics are generated with a higher content of Si during rapid solidification. The transition from faceted to non-faceted growth of intermetallic Nb3Si occurs with the formation of primary Nb3Si dendrites. The interplay between eutectic and dendritic growths of silicides is discussed to provide insights for future alloy design and manufacture.
Benchmarking Study on Probabilistic Fracture Mechanics Analysis Codes xLPR and PASCAL-SP Considering Primary Water Stress Corrosion Cracking
Authors: Mano Akihiro , Katsuyama Jinya , Li Yinsheng
Published: October 2021

Probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) is expected as a more rational methodology for the structural integrity assessments of nuclear power components because it can consider the inherent probabilistic distributions of various influencing factors and quantitatively evaluate the failure probabilities of the components. The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has developed a PFM analysis code, PASCAL-SP, to evaluate the failure probabilities of piping caused by aging degradation mechanisms, such as fatigue and stress corrosion cracking in the environments of both pressurized water and boiling water reactors. To improve confidence in the analysis results obtained from PASCAL-SP, a benchmarking study was conducted together with the PFM analysis code, xLPR, which was developed jointly by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and the Electric Power Research Institute. The benchmarking study was composed of deterministic and probabilistic analyses related to primary water stress corrosion cracking in a dissimilar metal weld joint in a pressurized water reactor surge line. The analyses were conducted independently by NRC staff and JAEA using their own codes and under common analysis conditions. In the present paper, the analysis conditions for the deterministic and probabilistic analyses are described in detail, and the analysis results obtained from the xLPR and PASCAL-SP codes are presented. It was confirmed that the analysis results obtained from the two codes were in good agreement.
Material and Temperature Effects in Low and High Cycle EAF of Austenitic Stainless Steels
Authors: Seppänen Tommi , Alhainen Jouni , Arilahti Esko , Solin Jussi
Published: October 2021

Fatigue design of nuclear power plant pressure boundary components necessitates the use of design curves, where the allowable number of cycles is a function of the applied stress intensity. Design curves are derived from best-fit curves to small-specimen data, which comprises a range of materials, heats, temperatures and test techniques.

This paper continues the series of papers most recently published in PVP2020-21136. At VTT, heat specific strain-life data has been obtained. In this paper, using our data and literature data we demonstrate the significance these heat and temperature specific best-fit curves can have on the predicted number of cycles, when also considering the detrimental effect of environment through Fen factors. Example calculations show that in most cases, a simple change of the reference curve from the Code best-fit curve to a more realistic one adds considerably to the number of predicted cycles, or alternatively, reduces the cumulative usage at equivalent number of cycles. Mainly for high cycle fatigue at high temperature, best-fit heat-specific curves may lie below the reference, taken as the mean curve in NUREG/CR-6909. However, refinement of calculation criteria and/or the Fen methodology is considered to provide additional relief to these cases so that the cumulative usage factor calculation can still be kept below unity.
A Probabilistic Margin Assessment of the ASME Section III, Division 5 Primary Load Design Rules for Class A Components
Authors: Nicolas Andrea , Messner Mark C. , Sham T.-L.
Published: October 2021

This work presents a comprehensive probabilistic margin assessment of the ASME BPVC primary load design rules for Class A components in Section III Division 5. This work evaluates the design margin of several of the Class A materials for a simple, but representative, component geometry across the entire Division 5 elevated temperature range. The margin assessment applies a probabilistic life prediction methodology developed in previous work that accounts for the variability in material strength and deformation. A Gaussian process fit captures the the strength variability, and a Monte Carlo approach accounts for the variability of steady-state creep deformation parameters leading to variability in the stresses developed in a component. A very efficient method based on the analogy between very viscous Stokes flow to steady-state creeping solid determines the steady-state stress distribution under primary load for the Monte Carlo approach. This work is therefore capable of efficiently evaluating the design margin of several materials across a wide range of temperatures. The probabilistic margin assessment presented in this work gives an insight into the design margin in the currently deterministic ASME Section III, Division 5 primary load design rules for high temperature nuclear components.
Effect of Neutron Irradiation on the Mechanical Properties of an A508 CL2 and 15Kh2NMFA Irradiated in the NOMAD_3 Rig in the BR2 Cooling Water
Authors: Uytdenhouwen Inge , Chaouadi Rachid
Published: October 2021

The typical operating temperatures of a nuclear reactor pressure vessel in a PWR are between 290°C and 300°C. However, many BWRs and some PWRs operate at slightly lower temperatures down to 260°C. Most of the literature and neutron irradiation damage is therefore focused on those irradiation temperatures. It is well-known that the lower the irradiation temperature, the more neutron irradiation damage occurs, because no appreciable annealing happens below approximately 230°C.

The NOMAD_3 irradiation consisted in total of 24 Charpy sized samples from an A508 Cl.2 forging and a 15Kh2NMFA material. They were irradiated to three various fluences between 1.55 and 7.90 × 1019 n/cm2 (E > 1MeV) at approximately 100°C. The hardening of the A508 Cl.2 was between 260 and 400 MPa which was much higher than the NOMAD_0 properties which were irradiated at approximately 280°C. The tensile tests of irradiated materials are all characterized by a significant loss of work hardening capacity leading to plastic flow localization promptly after the yield strength is reached. This affects also the shape of the Charpy impact transition curves. The radiation embrittlement derived from Charpy impact tests, ΔT41J, is up to 156°C for the highest fluence. For this irradiation, the embrittlement to hardening ratio was also around 0.43 +/−0.2°C/MPa as it was found in the previous campaign NOMAD_0.

This paper discusses the tensile, hardness and impact properties of the NOMAD_3 irradiation campaign. It is compared to the NOMAD_0 with respect to effect of irradiation temperature and annealing recovery.
Numerical Simulation on Fire Test of 45 MPa Hydrogen Storage Vessels for Hydrogen Stations
Authors: Yang Kun , Deng Guide , Liang Haifeng , Liang Lin
Published: October 2021

In recent years, there have been a number of fire and explosion accidents of hydrogen storage vessels in hydrogen stations all over the world. China is vigorously developing the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle industry. At present, more than 80 hydrogen refueling stations have been built, and 1000 hydrogen refueling stations are planned to be built in 2025. In order to study the response law and pressure relief requirements of hydrogen storage vessels in hydrogen refueling stations under fire condition, fire tests of hydrogen storage vessels filled with high pressure hydrogen is planning to carry out. In this paper, numerical simulation of fire tests of hydrogen storage vessels was carried out. The hydrogen storage vessel is a horizontal single-layer seamless structure with working pressure of 45 MPa, wall thickness of 35.4 mm, volume of 205 L and material of 4130X. Propane is used as fuel for fire test. Based on CFD software, the thermal structural response calculation model of the hydrogen storage vessel under fire condition was established. The response law of hydrogen temperature rise and pressure rise in the hydrogen storage vessel was analyzed, and the influence of filling medium, filling pressure and ambient temperature on the hydrogen storage vessel was studied. The research results provide technical guidance for the subsequent fire test of the hydrogen storage vessels.