bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
360° CZT-SPECT/CT cameras: 99mTc- and 177Lu-phantom-based evaluation under clinical conditions
Authors: Hoog Christopher , Koulibaly Pierre-Malick , Sas Nicolas , Imbert Laetitia , Le Rouzic Gilles , Popoff Romain , Badel Jean-Noël , Ferrer Ludovic
Published: October 2024

Purpose

For the first time, three currently available 360° CZT-SPECT/CT cameras were compared under clinical conditions using phantom-based measurements.

Methods

A 99mTc- and a 177Lu-customized NEMA IEC body phantom were imaged with three different cameras, StarGuide (GE Healthcare), VERITON-CT versions 200 (V200) and 400 (V400) (Spectrum Dynamics Medical) under the same clinical conditions. Energy resolution and volumetric sensitivity were evaluated from energy spectra. Vendors provided the best reconstruction parameters dedicated to visualization and/or quantification, based on their respective software developments. For both 99mTc- and 177Lu-phantoms, noise level, quantification accuracy, and recovery coefficient (RC) were performed with 3DSlicer. Image quality metrics from an approach called “task-based” were computed with iQMetrix-CT on 99mTc visual reconstructions to assess, through spatial frequencies, noise texture in the background (NPS) and contrast restitution of a hot insert (TTF). Spatial resolution indices were calculated from frequencies corresponding to TTF10% and TTF50%.

Results

Despite the higher sensitivity of VERITON cameras and the enhanced energy resolution of the V400 (3.2% at 140 keV, 5.2% at 113 keV, and 3.6% at 208 keV), StarGuide presents comparable image quality. This highlights the need to differentiate sensitivity from count quality, which is influenced by hardware design (collimator, detector block) and conditions image quality as well as the reconstruction process (algorithms, scatter correction, noise regulation). For 99mTc imaging, the quantitative image optimization approach based on RCmean for StarGuide versus RCmax for V200 and V400 systems (RCmean/RCmax: 0.9/1.8; 0.5/0.9; 0.5/0.9 respectively—Ø37 mm). SRTB10/50 showed nearly equivalent spatial resolution performances across the different reconstructed images. For 177Lu imaging, the 113 keV imaging of the V200 and V400 systems demonstrated strong performances in both image quality and quantification, while StarGuide and V400 systems offer even better potential due to their ability to exploit signals from both the 113 and 208 keV peaks. 177Lu quantification was optimized according to RCmax for all cameras and reconstructions (1.07 ± 0.09—Ø37 mm).

Conclusions

The three cameras have equivalent potential for 99mTc imaging, while StarGuide and V400 have demonstrated higher potential for 177Lu. Dedicated visual or quantitative reconstructions offer better specific performances compared to the unified visual/quantitative reconstruction. The task-based approach appears to be promising for in-depth comparison of images in the context of system characterization/comparison and protocol optimization.
Pleiotropic regulatory function of the RNA chaperone Hfq in the Pseudomonas protegens FD6
Authors: Wen Deyu , Hu Jieyu , Gao Ziying , Xing Chenglin , Xiao Yao , Wu Tao , Wu Xiaogang , Zhang Qingxia
Published: October 2024

The rhizosphere bacterium Pseudomonas protegens FD6, which is associated with the production of antibiotics such as pyoluteorin (PLT) and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG), has strong antagonistic effects on phytopathogens. Hfq is a conserved RNA chaperone involved in the regulation of stress tolerance, antibiotic production, and bacterial virulence. Here, we determined the regulatory effects of Hfq on biocontrol traits in P. protegens FD6. Mutation of hfq in FD6 reduced the growth rate, swimming and swarming ability, and production of proteases, siderophores, and hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Transmission electron microscopy revealed that disruption of hfq led to the loss of flagella. Furthermore, Hfq exerted a suppressive effect on biofilm formation and PLT production while not affecting antagonistic activity and control effect against tomato bacterial wilt. However, Hfq positively regulated the production of 2,4-DAPG and activated the phlD expression. Additionally, mutation of hfq abolished the function of the type VI secretion system (T6SS) due to a decrease in the expression of T6SS-related genes. Overall, these results suggest that Hfq plays a pleiotropic role in modulating the expression of biocontrol trait-related genes in P. protegens FD6.
Multiomic Characterization and Molecular Profiling of Nuclear Protein in Testis Carcinoma
Authors: Kroening Gianna , Luo Jia , Evans Mark G. , Adeyelu Tolulope , Ou Sai-hong Ignatius , Arter Zhaohui L. , Wise-Draper Trisha M. , Sukari Ammar , Azmi Asfar S. , Braxton David R. , Elliott Andrew , Bryant David A. , Oberley Matthew J. , Kim Chul , Shapiro Geoffrey I. , French Christopher A. , Nagasaka Misako
Published: October 2024

PURPOSE

Nuclear protein in testis carcinoma (NC) is an underdiagnosed and aggressive squamous/poorly differentiated cancer characterized by rearrangement of the gene
NUTM1
on chromosome 15q14. Co-occurring alternations have not been fully characterized.

METHODS

We analyzed the genomic and immune landscape of 54 cases of NC that underwent DNA- and RNA-based NGS sequencing (Caris).

RESULTS

While NC is driven by
NUTM1
fusion oncoproteins, co-occurring DNA mutations in epigenetic or cell cycle pathways were observed in 26% of cases. There was no significant difference between the fusion partner of
NUTM1
and co-occurring gene mutations. RNA sequencing analysis showed increased
MYC
pathway activity in NC compared with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), which is consistent with the known pathophysiology of NC. Characterization of the NC tumor microenvironment using RNA sequencing revealed significantly lower immune cell infiltration compared with HNSCC and LUSC. NC was 10× higher in patients with HNSCC and LUSC younger than 50 years than in those older than 70 years.

CONCLUSION

To our knowledge, this is the first series of NC profiled broadly at the DNA and RNA level. We observed fewer intratumoral immune cells by RNA sequencing, which may be associated with anecdotal data of lack of immunotherapy benefit in NC. High
MYC
pathway activity in NC supports ongoing trials targeting
MYC
suppression. The incidence of NC among patients younger than 50 years with LUSC/HNSCC supports testing for NC in these patients. The prognosis of NCs remains dismal, and future studies should focus on improving the response to immunotherapy and targeting MYC.
Mechanisms of drug resistance in nutrient-depleted colorectal cancer cells: insights into lysosomal and mitochondrial drug sequestration
Authors: Köse Serra Gülse , Güleç Taşkıran Aliye Ezgi
Published: October 2024

This Review delves into the mechanisms behind drug resistance in colorectal cancer (CRC), particularly examining the role of nutrient depletion and its contribution to multidrug resistance (MDR). The study highlights metabolic adaptations of cancer cells as well as metabolic adaptations of cancer cells under low nutrient availability, including shifts in glycolysis and lipid metabolism. It emphasizes the significance of MDR1 and its encoded efflux transporter, P-glycoprotein (P-gp/B1), in mediating drug resistance and how pathways such as HIF1α, AKT, and mTOR influence the expression of P-gp/B1 under limited nutrient availability. Additionally, the Review explores the dual roles of autophagy in drug sensitivity and resistance under nutrient limited conditions. It further investigates the involvement of lysosomes and mitochondria, focusing on their roles in drug sequestration and the challenges posed by lysosomal entrapment facilitated by non-enzymatic processes and ABC transporters like P-gp/B1. Finally, the Review underscores the importance of understanding the interplay between drug sequestration, lysosomal functions, nutrient depletion, and MDR1 gene modulation. It suggests innovative strategies, including structural modifications and nanotechnology, as promising approaches to overcoming drug resistance in cancer therapy.
Efeitos da interiorização da medicina no Brasil
Authors: Almeida Junyor Cylmaryo Gomes de , Madeira Louise Sofia Carneiro , Sousa Maria Fernanda Jacobino de , Juscelino Pâmella Araújo Cardoso , Silva Taymara Christine , Zanuzzi Tamara Rodrigues Lima , Oliveira Fábio Morato de
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: realizar, a partir da análise documental e da revisão literária, uma reflexão sobre o contexto histórico da interiorização da medicina no Brasil e acerca de seus principais desafios e benefícios para a sociedade e os estudantes. Métodos: uma revisão narrativa, com a busca de artigos publicados no período de 2008 a 2022. Resultados: foram selecionados 14 estudos científicos, os quais apontavam para uma crescente privatização de instituições de ensino em detrimento da sua estatização e a progressiva interiorização desse ensino, despolarizando-o das capitais e de grandes centros urbanos para regiões remotas. No que tange aos obstáculos para interiorização efetiva da medicina, tem-se a falta de investimento na estrutura da atenção básica, o caráter provisório do Programa Mais Médicos (PMM) e a judicialização da medicina. Conclusões: o processo de interiorização da medicina é gradual e apresenta muitos empecilhos, porém evidencia um grande avanço desde a instituição do PMM, agregando na saúde de milhares de pessoas. Nesse cenário, ainda são necessários mais incentivos governamentais para estruturação dos serviços de saúde e maior apoio para os profissionais, promovendo meios de fixar esses médicos nas regiões do interior do Brasil.
Μεταβολές της ισχαιμίας της ωχράς κηλίδας σε ασθενείς με διαβητικό οίδημα ωχράς κηλίδας υπό θεραπεία με Aflibercept και Ranibizumab
Authors: Μάρης Δημήτριος
Published: October 2024

Αυτή η μελέτη στοχεύει να αξιολογήσει τις αλλαγές στην ανάγγειο ζώνη του βοθρίου (FAZ) σε ασθενείς χωρίς προηγούμενη θεραπεία που λαμβάνουν ενέσεις aflibercept ή ranibizumab για διαβητικό οίδημα ωχράς κηλίδας (DME). Έλεγχος καλύτερης διορθωμένης οπτικής οξύτητας (BCVA), OCT και OCT - αγγειογραφική απεικόνιση πραγματοποιήθηκαν κατά την έναρξη και 1 μήνα μετά από κάθε ένεση. Οι ενέσεις είτε του aflibercept είτε της ranibizumab χορηγήθηκαν κάθε μήνα για 6 διαδοχικούς μήνες. Το FAZ στο επιφανειακό (SCP) και στο εν τω βάθει τριχοειδικό πλέγμα (DCP) χρησιμοποιώντας αγγειογραφία OCT καταγράφηκε για κάθε επίσκεψη. Πενήντα μάτια από 50 ασθενείς με μέση ηλικία 67,0 ±10,7 έτη συμπεριλήφθηκαν στη μελέτη. Είκοσι πέντε ασθενείς έλαβαν aflibercept και 25 έλαβαν ranibizumab. Το BCVA ήταν 40,8 ±10,0 και αυξήθηκε σε 52,1 ±7,9 γράμματα ETDRS στην τελευταία επίσκεψη (p<0,001). Η CRT ήταν 295,6 ±34,0 κατά την έναρξη και 247,9 ±29,7 στην τελευταία επίσκεψη μελέτης (p < 0,001). Το SCP FAZ ήταν 350,6 ±79,5 μm2 κατά την έναρξη και 339,0 ±71,3 μm2 μετά από 6 μηνιαίες ενέσεις (p = 0,132). Το DCP FAZ ήταν 558,6 ±199,0 μm2 κατά την έναρξη και 459,5 ±156,1 μm2 μετά από 6 μηνιαίες ενέσεις (p < 0,001). Δεν υπήρξε επίδραση της επιλογής του ranibizumab ή του aflibercept στην αλλαγή του DCP FAZ (p = 0,277). Συμπερασματικά, η θεραπεία με 6 μηνιαίες ενέσεις ranibizumab και aflibercept οδήγησε σε αύξηση της BCVA και μείωση της περιοχής CRT και DCP FAZ. Και τα δύο φάρμακα οδήγησαν σε βελτίωση της ισχαιμίας DCP.
Hydrodynamic Performance Enhancement of Torpedo-Shaped Underwater Gliders Using Numerical Techniques
Authors: K Sudheendra Prabhu , G Srinivas
Published: October 2024

Background Underwater gliders are widely used in marine applications for monitoring purposes. These gliders must withstand hydrodynamic forces and maintain its body stability. The underwater environments are highly unpredictable, and small changes in the environment can lead to significant instability in underwater vehicles. Methods This study uses different numerical techniques to investigate the hydrodynamic characteristics of a torpedo-shaped glider. A symmetric torpedo-shaped glider model was created and analyzed using a licensed version of ANSYS 20.1 Fluent tool. The behavior of the torpedo glider under various flow conditions was examined such as variation of grid test, change of turbulent models, the variation in the inflow boundary conditions involves varying the velocity from 10.16 m/s to 15.16 m/s in 1m/s increment and from 10.16 m/s to 7.66 m/s in 0.5 m/s, also six different models were analyzed. Results Research was also attempted with different turbulent models and the Spalart-Allmara model was producing least validation error of 1.28 % with a primary focus on nose optimization. By varying the nose length, the study aimed to identify the best-suited nose geometry to minimize drag force. The nose lengths were varied to 0.205 m and 0.19m, resulting in validation errors of 2.81% and 1.16%, respectively, the results are clearly explained in the sub sequent sections of this article. Conclusion In conclusion, this study has evaluated various modifications and their impact on drag force reduction. The application of Spallart-Allmara model resulted in an improvement of 1.28%. Decrease in velocity lead to a significant reduction in the drag force, with an improvement of 37.3%. The nose optimization also contributed to drag force; a nose length of 0.205m yielded a 3.37% improvement. While a 0.19m nose length resulted in a 1.67% reduction. This study helps researchers in hydrodynamics by optimizing geometry for drag reduction.
Understanding evidence ecosystems: What influences the production, translation, and use of modeled evidence in Burkina Faso, Nigeria, India, and Kenya?
Authors: Sié Ali , Fofana Habibou , Kagoné Moubassira , Ouédraogo Moussa , Onwujekwe Obinna E. , Mbachu Chinyere O. , Chokshi Maulik , Chilgod Latha , Mokashi Tushar , Nair Arun B. , Muriuki Peter , Taddese Abeba , Ewald Leah , Handigol Apoorva
Published: October 2024

Background This study sought to document and understand facilitators and barriers to producing, translating, and using modeled evidence in decision-making in Burkina Faso, Nigeria, India, and Kenya. We explored researcher-decision-maker engagement mechanisms as key facilitators of evidence use, with a focus on knowledge brokers and boundary organizations. Methods The study used sequential mixed methods drawing on data collected from surveys and key informant interviews, complemented by a rapid desk review to map modeling activities and actors. The survey was conducted online while the qualitative research entailed in-depth interviews with modelers, knowledge brokers, and decision-makers working in a representative variety of health fields, organizations, and levels of government. This study was approved by Health Media Lab IRB (Institutional Review Board) in the United States and a local IRB in each study country and conducted between September 2021 and June 2022. Results Informants interviewed for this study described a range of factors that facilitate and inhibit the use of modeled evidence in public health decision-making at the individual, organizational, and environmental levels. Key themes included the capacity to produce, translate, and use modeled evidence; the timing and relevance of modeling outputs; the existence of communications channels between modelers and decision-makers; the strength of underlying data systems; the role of sustained funding; and the impact of global crises. Conclusion This study highlights the importance of taking an ecosystem approach to supporting modeling activities, considering individual, organizational, and environmental factors and how different actors and interact to inform the production, translation, and use of modeled evidence. Structured interaction that promotes dialogue, debate, and joint sense making between the producers and users of evidence is critical to informing and influencing the use of evidence in decision-making.
Zabójcy seryjni i wielokrotni. Studium kryminologiczno-wiktymologiczne
Authors: Kowalczyk Małgorzata
Published: October 2024

The study discusses the issue of perpetrators of multiple and serial murders. In the case of murderers qualified as serial killers, the common motive for their acts was of sexual nature. The main goal of this study, however, is not only to provide a multi-dimensional diagnosis of criminal behaviour, but also to indicate resocialisation and therapeutic measures that will help understand and stop the murderous cycle. In order to obtain an in-depth picture of the criminal activity of serial killers, the aspect of victimisation was also taken into account, especially concerning the selection of victims and the way of committing crimes, which identifies a certain area of ​​personality disorders associated with sadism and predatory aggression. In order to provide an in-depth characterisation of serial killers, the author uses information from both personal identification files and interviews conducted with perpetrators currently in isolation, as well as from prosecutor's files of perpetrators with whom contact was impossible for various reasons. The analysis omitted information that could unambiguously identify the perpetrators or their victims, even if the main period of criminal activity of the perpetrators taken into account occurred more than twenty years ago.
Wybrane aspekty anatomii porównawczej zwierząt
Authors: Zdun Maciej
Published: October 2024

This monograph is the work of students – members of the Student Scientific Club Res Anatomiae Animalium, functioning at the Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences of the Institute of Veterinary Medicine of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń. This extremely hard-working and ambitious group of young people presents the results of their research. Aleksander Butkiewicz and Paulina Kaźmierczak compared the anatomical structure of the stomach and intestines of selected species from the suborders called Ruminantia and Cameliformes. Szymon Graczyk analysed the arterial blood supply to the spinal cord in the domestic pig (Sus scrofa domestica), whereas Arkadiusz Grzeczka analysed the structure of the brachial plexus (plexus brachialis) and the innervation of the thoracic limb of the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx). Katarzyna Hylińska focused on selected dental developmental anomalies in dogs and cats, while Patrycja Jankowska focused on comparative kidney morphometry in selected Artiodactyla.
Obraz rolnictwa Spytkowic i Ryczowa w dokumentacji Obozu Naukowo-Badawczego z 1968 r.
Authors: Saferna Krzysztof
Published: October 2024

W 1968 r. w czasie Etnograficznego Obozu Naukowo-Badawczego przeprowadzano wywiady z mieszkańcami Spytkowic i Ryczowa. Zebrane przez badaczy ankiety znajdują się obecnie w Archiwum Muzeum Etnograficznego im. Seweryna Udzieli w Krakowie. W archiwaliach można znaleźć informacje na temat codzienności mieszkańców Spytkowic i Ryczowa. Z powodu niewielkiej liczby przeprowadzonych wywiadów nie można uznać ich za reprezentatywne, niemniej jednak zebrane wypowiedzi są niezwykle cenne ze względu na oddanie głosu bezpośrednim uczestnikom wiejskiej codzienności. Jeden z badanych tematów dotyczył lokalnego ludowego budownictwa, którego charakterystycznymi elementami były domy jednotraktowe kryte strzechą oraz stodoły wieloboczne. Ludność trudniła się głównie rolnictwem oraz pracą poza wsią. Mieszkańcy wspominali metody uprawy roli, w tym niepraktykowaną już współcześnie orkę w zagony, a także wykorzystywane narzędzia. Poświęcono wiele uwagi hodowli zwierząt, szczególnie wspólnotowego wypasu bydła na gminnych pastwiskach. Omówiona została także kwestia używania siły pociągowej koni i krów. Uczestników obozu naukowego interesowały ponadto środki transportu zaprzęgowego, jak wozy i sanie, a także ręcznego, np. taczki.
Empowering MetroAccess Service with Nested Decomposition and Service Type Integration
Authors: Chen Shijie , Rahman Md Hishamur , Marković Nikola , Siddiqui Muhammad Imran Younus , Mohebbi Matthew , Sun Yanshuo
Published: October 2024

This paper presents an innovative solution to improve paratransit services for individuals with disabilities by integrating alternative service types, such as accessible taxis, into a nested decomposition approach. The upgraded system significantly enhances operational efficiency, resulting in an approximately 15% reduction in operating costs and improved key performance metrics such as vehicle idle time. The successful implementation of this approach in the DC metropolitan area demonstrates its potential for nationwide adoption, benefiting both paratransit operators and riders.
Complex antiphospholipid syndrome successfully controlled for 17 years with personalized enoxaparin therapy
Authors: Vasconcelos Mafalda , Moreira Patrícia , Costa e Silva Teresa , Espírito Santo João , Noronha Carla
Published: October 2024

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies and venous and arterial thrombotic events, including obstetric complications. We describe the case of a 56-year-old female diagnosed with APS with triple antibody positivity and multiple disease-associated manifestations, namely recurrent purpuric lesions, adrenal insufficiency due to infarction, acalculous cholecystitis, and three spontaneous abortions. Her follow-up was marked by severe thrombotic and haemorrhagic events, notably splanchnic vein thrombosis and haemorrhagic shock after a renal biopsy, as well as the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus 8 years after the APS diagnosis. Chronic anticoagulation with enoxaparin, with dosage guided by anti-factor Xa activity, resulted in stability without complications over 17 years. This case emphasizes the importance of personalized therapeutic strategies and close monitoring in patients with APS.
Safe storage of medicines
Authors: Burgess Colin
Published: October 2024

The correct storage of vaccines is vital to ensuring that they work effectively and keep patients safe. In this article the author explains how to ensure compliance with regulations without placing an undue burden on community nursing staff.
End-stage heart failure patients in ICU: the importance of advance planning and effective communication
Authors: Lavoie Amélie , Williams Mary
Published: October 2024

During the disease trajectory, patients with advanced heart failure are often hospitalised with a high probability of admission to the intensive care setting. Using a case study, this article explores the care given to a patient with decompensated heart failure in an intensive care unit (ICU). It will discuss the significance of holistic assessment and effective symptom management, in particular the research related to breathlessness management. The importance of effective communication within the ICU multidisciplinary team, including with the patient/family will be explored, as the ICU environment can often lead to communication breakdown, patients being unable to voice their wishes and over-medicalisation. The effectiveness of early involvement of the palliative care team in ICU will be examined, including the use of tools such advance care planning and a treatment escalation plan and whether use of these can enable a better patient and family experience at the end of life. The role of palliative care champions will be discussed.
Appropriate sagittal positioning of femoral components in total knee arthroplasty to prevent fracture and loosening
Authors: Wan Qian , Han Qing , Liu Yang , Chen Hao , Zhang Aobo , Zhao Xue , Wang Jincheng
Published: October 2024

Aims

This study aimed to investigate the optimal sagittal positioning of the uncemented femoral component in total knee arthroplasty to minimize the risk of aseptic loosening and periprosthetic fracture.

Methods

Ten different sagittal placements of the femoral component, ranging from -5 mm (causing anterior notch) to +4 mm (causing anterior gap), were analyzed using finite element analysis. Both gait and squat loading conditions were simulated, and Von Mises stress and interface micromotion were evaluated to assess fracture and loosening risk.

Results

During gait, varied sagittal positioning did not lead to excessive Von Mises stress or micromotion. However, under squat conditions, posterior positioning (-4 and -5 mm) resulted in stress exceeding 150 MPa at the femoral notch, indicating potential fracture risk. Conversely, +1 mm and 0 mm sagittal positions demonstrated minimal interface micromotion.

Conclusion

Slightly anterior sagittal positioning (+1 mm) or neutral positioning (0 mm) effectively reduced stress concentration at the femoral notch and minimized interface micromotion. Thus, these positions are deemed suitable to decrease the risk of aseptic loosening and periprosthetic femoral fracture.
Dominion and Rebellion: The New Apostolic Reformation and the January 6, 2021 Insurrection
Authors: Berry Damon T.
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT: Though Donald Trump seemed to be the least likely candidate for evangelical Christians, he continues to attract their support heading into the 2024 presidential election despite the multiple civil and criminal cases against him, including one that alleges his culpability in the attack on the United States Capitol on 6 January 2021. Though Christian support for Trump is complex, this special issue of Nova Religio focuses on an independent network of self-described prophets and apostles known as the New Apostolic Reformation (NAR). Each article contributes to our understanding of these networks and their participants’ reactions to the 2020 election, and how their dominion theology is implicated in the events of January 6. Furthermore, these essays call for continued study of the NAR, as the participants’ sense of rebellion against what they regard as a demonic world order will continue to shape their theological and political discourse as they reframe their dominionism to adapt to shifting political events.
New Apostolic Reformation: The Messianic Judaism Interface and the Capitol Insurrection
Authors: Taylor Matthew D.
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT: Why did we find a wild mix of Messianic rabbis, shofars, and other Christian-appropriated Jewish symbols conspicuously featured in the Christian-led, pro-Trump Jericho Marches and also at the January 6th Capitol Riot? Much of the scholarship to date regarding Messianic Judaism has focused on adjudicating the movement’s claims to Jewish identity, but this article argues that, to understand the role of Messianic Judaism in the Capitol insurrection on January 6, 2021, we must look at the Christian origins of the Messianic movement in the 1970s as an Independent Charismatic style of Christianity. It also demonstrates how, since the 1980s, Messianic Judaism has become enmeshed with the New Apostolic Reformation and other Charismatic apostolic networks that played such a prominent role in the Christian mobilization for January 6th.
Spindle vibration induced optical performance deterioration and its trans-scale characterization for diamond turned large-aperture optics
Authors: Guo Pan , Xiong Zhiwen , Dong Zengwen , Zhang Shaojian
Published: October 2024

In ultra-precision diamond turning of large-aperture optics, the spindle vibration (SV) would cause a deterioration of optical performance. To discuss this issue, the spindle vibration was first excited by a series of designed mass center errors for diamond turning of large-aperture optics. Then, a trans-scale characterization was developed to reveal its dynamic behaviors by combining a white light interferometer and laser interferometer. Next, the amplitude variations were quantitatively evaluated by surface texture parameters and the scale bandwidth was revealed through power spectrum density (PSD). Finally, the point spread function (PSF), encircled energy ratio (EER), and modulation transfer function (MTF) were analyzed and compared. The results indicated that, with the increased SV, Sq and Sz increased and Ssk and Sku showed a transition from skew to normal height distribution. PSD showed that spindle vibration mainly affected the large-scale components rather than the small-scale components. The shape of PSF changed from a standard ring to a dispersed half ring. At the 1 µm radius of the Airy disk, the EER decreased from 82.0% (no SV) to 27.5% (high SV). At the scale of 200mm−1, the MTF decreased from 0.84 (no SV) to 0.44 (high SV). The work provides a fundamental understanding of the evolutionary mechanism of spindle vibration induced optical performance deterioration.
Effects of cryogenic cooling on the spectral luminescence of BACs in bismuth-doped aluminosilicate fiber
Authors: Zhang Mengyao , Zhao Qiancheng , Yang Yuncong , Yu Changyuan , Peng Gang-Ding , Zhu Tao
Published: October 2024

The results of liquid nitrogen cooling (LNT, 77 K) on the spectral properties of bismuth-doped aluminosilicate fibers (BDFs) have been presented under varying pump wavelengths. It is revealed that the spectral luminescence of bismuth active centers (BACs) is mildly affected upon excitation at 405, 532, and 980 nm at LNT, whereas notable luminescence enhancement (∼1.3 times) is observed in the range of 1100-1350 nm (BACs-Al) under 830 nm pumping. The experimental data on the luminescence shape and kinetics of BACs-Al have been obtained at both room temperature (RT) and LNT with varied pumping powers. It is revealed that the enhanced luminescence is caused by the steep rise of emission around 1300 nm (denoted as BAC-Al (II)), which is more efficiently stimulated at a lower temperature. The key laser parameters of BACs have also been evaluated at both RT and LNT. The obtained results may shed some light on the NIR-emitting nature of BACs, and provide a promising strategy for tuning the spectral NIR luminescence scheme of BDFs.
Advanced DL-based Image Processing for φ-OTDR-based Road-traffic Parameter Estimation
Authors: Colares Robson , Mello Darli , Rittner Leticia , Conforti Evandro
Published: October 2024

We apply vision transformers (ViTs) in a distributed fiber optic sensing system to evaluate road traffic parameters in smart cities. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) are also assessed for benchmarking. The experimental setup is based on a direct-detection phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometer implemented using a narrow linewidth source. The monitored fibers are buried in the university campus, creating a smart city environment. Backscattered traces are consolidated into space-time matrices, illustrating traffic patterns and enabling analysis through image processing algorithms. The ground truth is established by traffic parameters obtained by processing video camera images monitoring the
same street using the YOLOv8 model. The results indicate that ViTs outperform CNNs for estimating the number of vehicles and the mean vehicle speed. While the ViT necessitates a significantly larger number of parameters, its complexity is similar to that of the CNN when considering multiply-accumulate operations and random access memory usage. The processed dataset has been made publicly available for benchmarking.
Data as scientific currency: Challenges experienced by researchers with sharing health data in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Chabilall Jyothi , Brown Qunita , Cengiz Nezerith , Moodley Keymanthri
Published: October 2024

Innovative information-sharing techniques and rapid access to stored research data as scientific currency have proved highly beneficial in healthcare and health research. Yet, researchers often experience conflict between data sharing to promote health-related scientific knowledge for the common good and their personal academic advancement. There is a scarcity of studies exploring the perspectives of health researchers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) regarding the challenges with data sharing in the context of data-intensive research. The study began with a quantitative survey and research, after which the researchers engaged in a qualitative study. This qualitative cross-sectional baseline study reports on the challenges faced by health researchers, in terms of data sharing. In-depth interviews were conducted via Microsoft Teams between July 2022 and April 2023 with 16 health researchers from 16 different countries across SSA. We employed purposive and snowballing sampling techniques to invite participants via email. The recorded interviews were transcribed, coded and analysed thematically using ATLAS.ti. Five recurrent themes and several subthemes emerged related to (1) individual researcher concerns (fears regarding data sharing, publication and manuscript pressure), (2) structural issues impacting data sharing, (3) recognition in academia (scooping of research data, acknowledgement and research incentives) (4) ethical challenges experienced by health researchers in SSA (confidentiality and informed consent, commercialisation and benefit sharing) and (5) legal lacunae (gaps in laws and regulations). Significant discomfort about data sharing exists amongst health researchers in this sample of respondents from SSA, resulting in a reluctance to share data despite acknowledging the scientific benefits of such sharing. This discomfort is related to the lack of adequate guidelines and governance processes in the context of health research collaborations, both locally and internationally. Consequently, concerns about ethical and legal issues are increasing. Resources are needed in SSA to improve the quality, value and veracity of data–as these are ethical imperatives. Strengthening data governance via robust guidelines, legislation and appropriate data sharing agreements will increase trust amongst health researchers and data donors alike.
Rates and risk factors for antepartum and intrapartum stillbirths in 20 secondary hospitals in Imo state, Nigeria: A hospital-based case control study
Authors: Gwacham-Anisiobi Uchenna , Opondo Charles , Cheng Tuck Seng , Kurinczuk Jennifer J. , Anyaegbu Geoffrey , Nairl Manisha
Published: October 2024

Despite Nigeria’s stillbirth rate reducing from 28.6 to 22.5 per 1,000 births from 2000–2021, progress trails comparable indicators and regional variations persist. We assessed stillbirth incidences and associated risk factors in 20 secondary hospitals in Imo state, to generate essential local evidence to inform policymaking to reduce mortality. The total numbers of births and their outcomes were determined through hospital maternity registers. An unmatched case-control study was conducted. We collected retrospective data about 157 antepartum and 193 intrapartum stillbirths, and from 381 livebirths (controls). Potential risk factors were categorised into sociodemographic, obstetric and maternity care and biological determinants using a theoretical framework. Independent multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate the association of risk factors with each stillbirth type. The overall stillbirth rate was 38 per 1,000 total births. The rate of antepartum and intrapartum stillbirths were 16 and 19 per 1,000 respectively. The risk factors independently associated with antepartum stillbirths were nulliparity (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.87, 95%CI 1.04–3.36); preterm birth (aOR 14.29, 95%CI 6.31–32.38); being referred from another facility (aOR 3.75, 95%CI 1.96–7.17); unbooked pregnancy (aOR 2.58, 95%CI 1.37–4.85); and obstetric complications (aOR 4.04, 95%CI 2.35–6.94). For intrapartum stillbirths, associated factors were preterm birth (aOR 11.28, 95%CI 4.66–27.24); referral (aOR 2.50, 95%CI 1.19–5.24); not using a partogram (aOR 2.92, 95%CI 1.23–6.95) and obstetric complications (aOR 10.71, 95%CI 5.92–19.37). The findings highlight specific risk factors associated with antepartum and intrapartum stillbirths, shedding light on potential areas for targeted interventions.
Affect and post-COVID-19 symptoms in daily life: An exploratory experience sampling study
Authors: Schaap Gerko , Wensink Marleen , Doggen Carine J. M. , van der Palen Job , Vonkeman Harald E. , Bode Christina
Published: October 2024

Insight into the daily life experiences of patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome is lacking. The current study explored temporal fluctuations of and associations between positive and negative affect and symptoms throughout the day in previously hospitalised post-COVID-19 patients using an experience sampling methodology. Ten participants (age: median = 60, interquartile range = 9 years; 50% women; 80% ≥1 comorbidity; 8–12 months since hospital discharge) filled out brief online questionnaires, six times a day for 14 consecutive days. Positive and negative affect, and self-reported symptoms (physical and mental fatigue, cognitive functioning, dyspnoea, and pain) were assessed in real-time. Primarily, graphs were analysed to assess the individual longitudinal courses of and (concurrent and time-lagged) associations between affect and symptoms. Secondly, correlations or multilevel linear regression models were used to support these interpretations. Visual assessment showed limited temporal fluctuation in affect and symptoms. All symptoms appeared to associate positively with each other (correlations between .26 and .85). Positive affect was associated with lower symptoms severity (β’s between -.28 and -.67), and negative affect with higher symptoms severity (β’s between .24 and .66). Time-lagged analyses showed that–adjusted for residual symptom severity of prior measurements–both types of affect predicted symptom severity two hours later (β’s between -.09 and -.31 for positive affect; between .09 and .28 for negative affect). These findings suggest that positive and negative affect may play important roles in post-COVID-19 symptom experience and temporal fluctuation.
Insurance participation, equity pledge and stock price crash risk: Evidence from China
Authors: Hao Fangjing
Published: October 2024

This paper analyzes the causes of equity pledge, external conduction mechanisms, and economic consequences from the perspective of insurance participation by integrating insurance participation, equity pledge, and stock price crash risk into a unified framework. An empirical analysis of sample data from listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen between 2007–2021, indicates that equity pledge reduces the risk of collapse as companies hedge the risk induced by the equity pledge. Further research has revealed that insurance participation can mitigate stock price crash risk brought by equity pledge through a regulatory effect, which is more pronounced for private companies and those with a high shareholding ratio, and companies in manufacturing industry. This is because private companies have a higher demand for capital as their property rights are not state-owned, the degree of separation of powers and agency conflicts is greater in companies held by large shareholders, manufacturing companies usually have stable earnings and cash flow performance, and the financial support provided by insurers for equity pledges at risk can effectively reduce the risk of their collapse.
Analysis of a prestressed-concrete containment vessel exposed to high pressure and temperature
Authors:   , Holan Jakub
Published: October 2024

In the thesis, the topic of structural feasibility analyses of prestressed-concrete cylindrical containment structures subjected to high pressure and temperature loads is investigated. The motivation for investigating this specific topic is to solve a practical problem discovered during research and development of a novel reactor, which is currently being conducted. The problem is that the novel reactor induces uncommonly high internal pressure during LOCA, and thus, it needs to be established whether a containment structure capable of withstanding the high pressure can be designed. The first main goal of this thesis is to conduct a structural feasibility analysis of a prestressed-concrete containment structure for the novel reactor, and thus, establish whether it is possible to design a containment structure capable of withstanding the temperatures and high internal pressure induced by the reactor. The second main goal of this thesis is to propose a consolidated framework containing all methods, equations, and values needed for the whole process of the feasibility analysis. In order to fulfil this goal, various relevant methods, equations, and design values for the calculation of stresses induced by temperature, pressure, and concrete prestressing are investigated and compared. The third main goal of this thesis is to create a standalone software application which would implement the proposed framework and, thus, allow expeditious and intuitive feasibility analyses of prestressed-concrete cylindrical containment walls. This application may also be highly beneficial for conducting parametric studies, design optimisations, and verifications of results obtained using more complex software.
The use of concrete slurry waste in the formulation of new composite materials
Authors:   , Kellnerová Vendula
Published: October 2024

With increasing demands for environmental protection, there is also an increasing demand for the integration of the generated waste back into the production process. Concrete slurry waste, which is generated during the production of fresh concrete, has such potential. This material can be used in a number of applications, depending on the treatment, which will reduce the financial requirements for landfill. Partial or complete replacement of the cement-based binder system can be achieved, which will, among other things, reduce CO2 emissions. The research part of this thesis focuses on a number of potential applications for this material. After an initial detailed characterisation of the material, a number of these applications have been experimentally verified. Concrete slurry was mainly used as a cement replacement in cement mortar formulations where up to 30% cement could be effectively saved. Concrete slurry was also used for the production of fresh concrete mix of high consistency, where the replacement of finely ground limestone was achieved. In another study, a saving of 6% cement was demonstrated while maintaining the high quality of the concrete mix. Further, the work focused on the use of concrete slurry water for the production of fresh concrete, with up to 100% replacement. The last experiment demonstrated an improvement in soil properties when using a higher age concrete slurry, achieving complete replacement of the cement binder while achieving comparable results. Last but not least, the work focused on the economic and environmental benefits of using this material.
The historical dynamics of Kaaps - then and now
Authors: Kotzé Ernst
Published: October 2024

In this contribution, the processes in the formation of language operating in the past and at present are discussed, and applied in particular to Kaaps. Concepts such as pidginisation and creolisation as mechanisms of renewal, and also as linguistic effects of social forces, are clarified, in addition to the often contentious process of standardisation. The focus will also fall on the important role of Cape Muslim Afrikaans as nuclear dialect of Kaaps, and Kaaps as the matrix dialect (or matrilect, for short) of Afrikaans. In addition, the historical value of Arabic Afrikaans (the written form of Cape Muslim Afrikaans from ca. 1815 to 1950), both as phonetic record and lexical documentation of the vocabulary of the speakers, are highlighted. Lastly, the historical and modern characteristics of Kaaps are scrutinised as a language variety in which both the timber rings of centuries gone by and the buds of new developments are in evidence.
Kaaps: Time for the language of the Cape Flats to become part of formal schooling
Authors: le Cordeur Michael
Published: October 2024

Throughout the centuries, language has always been a prerequisite for tuition and learning. This contribution is based on the universal theme of language as bearer of cultural identity and the role it plays in South African education, specifically regarding literacy. The focus falls on especially one variant of Afrikaans, known as Kaaps, and the role that it plays regarding the individual and group identity of the group of people who were classified as Coloureds during apartheid1 and marginalized by poverty, place of residence and race. The research question is whether Kaaps can make a contribution to the successful delivery of the school curriculum in those schools which are mainly attended by the so-called 'Coloureds' on the Cape Flats. The methodology chiefly entails a literature review. From a socio-historical perspective the article reflects on the history of Kaaps since the early 1600s, and what role it plays in the development of Afrikaans. The literature study supplies the theoretical framework for reflection on Kaaps. The focus is on the influence of Kaaps on its speakers' perception of their identity; the conflict of Kaaps with Standard Afrikaans; the current status of Kaaps in the Coloured population; the restandardization of Afrikaans, and to what extent, if any, Kaap comes into its own in South African schools. The study comes to the conclusion that learners who grew up with Kaaps, are disadvantaged at school and that the language should be utilized more inclusively.
Gang culture, Identity and Kaaps: Using Adam Small's Krismis van Map Jacobs in Cape Flats schools
Authors: le Cordeur Michael
Published: October 2024

In this paper the focus is on the impact of gang culture on schoolchildren. The research question investigated here is whether teaching the drama Krismis van Map Jacobs offers any solutions to learners in gang-infested areas, given the framework of the Curriculum Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS). Two sub-questions considered whether the teaching of the drama should take place in Kaaps and whether the theme of Map Jacobs is still relevant within the CAPS curriculum 30 years after it was written by Adam Small. Theoretically, the paper is based on Pierre Boudieu's (1991) view that a speaker's 'position' in society determines whether he is heard, Bernstein's (1990) idea that social interaction influences your relationship with language and Vygotsky's (1978) theory of social constructivism. The study concludes that a life with gangs provides no solution for issues like poverty and unemployment, and that the youth should escape from a featureless existence through striving for good education and engaging with literature. The paper is published with the kind permission of the SA Academy for Science and the Arts, as it originally appeared in the book Adam Small: Denker, Digter,
Integrasi Metode Gravity dan Metode Geomagnetik Menggunakan Dekonvolusi Euler untuk Delineasi Struktur pada Sistem Panas Bumi di Kawasan Candi Umbul-Telomoyo, Magelang, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Hanatha Fauzi Daffa , Hamid Hanafiah
Published: October 2024

Penelitian berlokasi di daerah outflow Candi Umbul -Telomoyo yang memiliki sistem panas bumi yang ditandai dengan adanya manifestasi air panas. Pemetaan struktur bawah permukaan dilakukan dengan metode geomagnet dan gravity dengan menggunakan analisis euler deconvolution untuk memperjelas orientasi, kedalaman, dan lokasi struktur. Hasil yang diperoleh berdasarkan nilai gravity, zona manifestasi berada pada nilai anomali gravity rendah dengan nilai 3,3 mgal hingga 7,4 mgal dan terdapat zona anomali tinggi di sebelah selatan manifestasi dengan nilai 7,4 mgal hingga 13,4 mgal. Berdasarkan nilai geomagnet, terdapat nilai magnetik rendah pada daerah manifestasi dengan nilai -472,8 nT hingga -89,7 nT dan terdapat nilai tinggi pada bagian selatan dengan nilai -89,7 nT hingga 415,4 nT. Zona anomali rendah pada daerah manifestasi mata air panas diinterpretasikan sebagai zona hancuran akibat struktur dan telah teralterasi. Hasil euler deconvolution menunjukkan adanya sesar utama berarah barat-timur yang diinterpretasikan sebagai sesar pengontrol panas bumi di daerah penelitian. Perhitungan euler deconvolution pada anomali geomagnet didapatkan struktur sedalam ±156,8 m dan pada anomali gravity didapatkan struktur sedalam ±524,9 m.