bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Waltheria Indica Linn whole plant
Authors: Rafiu B. , Lawal I.O. , Olaniyi M.B.
Published: July 2020

Waltheria indica is a promising medicinal plant belonging to family Malvaceae, which many biological activities of the solvent extracts of its various parts have been scientifically evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate and analyze the minerals, crude fibre and fat contents, the phytochemical constituents as well as the antioxidants activity of the powder sample of W. indica whole plant. Fresh sample of whole W. indica plant was collected and airdried at room temperature. The mineral constituents were determined by spectrophotometry. The crude fibre, fat contents and the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical compositions were determined using standard analytical procedure. The antioxidants activity was determined using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assays. The mineral analysis results revealed the presence of micro and macro nutrients such as potassium, calcium, magnesium and manganese among others which are within the acceptable health range. The values (23.8%; 0.15%) obtained for both crude fibre and fat contents were reasonable. The qualitative phytochemical screening established the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, anthraquinones and phenol. Steroids are in abundance while Cardiac glycosides are absent. The quantity of alkaloids (1.9%), saponins (1.4%), flavonoids (3.1%) and tannins (17422μg/GAE) are in appreciable amount which may be responsible for its various activities. W. indica showed good inhibitory scavenging activity and better reducing ability  compared to ascorbic acid. The results obtained from this study provide further scientific evidence to support the ethno-medicinal information on the uses of W. indica in the treatment of various health issues.
Phytochemical screening, Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) and in vitro antiplasmodial analysis of Senna siamea leaves as antimalarial, Yobe State, Nigeria
Authors: Daskum A.M. , Chessed G. , Qadeer M.A. , Ling L.Y.
Published: July 2020

Poverty and lack of access to health facilities had necessitated the less privileged to depend on herbal remedies to treat a number of diseases  including malaria. The successes recorded from the discovery of novel antimalarials from plant sources had paved the way for the search of  antimalarial compounds from traditional pharmacopeia. Phytochemical analysis as well as GC-MS analysis of crude leaves extract of Senna siamea was conducted, with a view to identifying compounds with biological activities. Further antimalarial assessment of the crude extracts was also performed in an in vitro assay. The phytochemicals; phenols, tannins, anthraquinones, alkaloid and flavonoids were detected from hexane and methanol extracts. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of Saponins specifically, triterpenoids (Lupeol, α-amyrin), Sesquiterpene (Octadecane), Diterpenes (Eicosane), Esters of pthalic acids (Diethyl phthalate) Squalene, α-Tocopherol (a fat soluble Vitamin E) and hexadecanoic acid butyl ester. A dose dependent suppression of parasite growth was observed for all extracts, with methanolic extract showing less antimalarial potency (IC50= 3.74 μg/mL) when compared to the hexane extract (IC50=4.349 μg/mL). Extracts and compounds detected from the leaves of this plant could be used as novel lead compounds to develop new drugs.

Keywords: Phytochemical analysis; GC-MS; antimalarial; Senna siamea; medicinal plants.
Morphological and molecular characterization of endophilic Anopheles gambiae complex, in Itu Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Authors: Bassey B.E. , Opara K.N. , Usip L.P.
Published: July 2020

Malaria is still regarded as a major public health problem in sub-Saharan African countries. Anopheles mosquitoes have been implicated as the major malaria vectors. However, species abundance, composition and distribution vary between different ecological zones. This study investigated the composition and distribution of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes in Itu Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Adult Anopheles mosquitoes were sampled bi-weekly from 15 randomly selected houses each from three communities in the study area by pyrethroid spray capture (PSC) method. Adult Anopheles species were identified morphologically and sibling species were further subjected to species- specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) typing. A total of 269 female Anopheles species were caught between July and December, 2015. The study indicated significant (p<0.05) abundance of Anopheles gambiae siblings, with An. gambiae s.s recording 219(81.41%) followed by An. arabiensis 32(11.90%). A proportion of the samples were unidentified 18(6.69%). There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the distribution of A. gambiae complex over the period of the study with a peak in September 89(33.01%). Anopheles mosquitoes were more abundant in Itu Oma 120(44.66%) than West Itam 98(36.43%) and East Itam 51(18.96%). The study also recorded significantly (p<0.05) higher rate of blood engorged female Anopheles (54.05%). This finding showed that An. gambiae s.s was the predominant malaria vector in the area and also, the incidence of malaria been likely to increase during the wet season. Therefore, vector control must be carried out in these communities to reduce the number of these indoor biting mosquitoes. This study therefore, will be useful as baseline data to help design strategies for malaria control in Itu Local Government Area and also facilitate the success of the ongoing effort on the malaria control programme in the State.

Keywords: Malaria; Anopheles, morphological; molecular; characterization; Akwa Ibom; Nigeria.
Susceptibility of Anopheles gambiae complex to carbamates and organophosphate insecticides in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Authors: Udoidung N.I. , Opara K.N. , Okodi P.D. , Ekpo N.D. , Atting I.
Published: July 2020

Rapid emergence in insecticide resistance among malaria vector populations to commonly used public health insecticides poses a challenge to current malaria vector control strategies and interventions in sub- Saharan Africa. This study was conducted to determine the susceptibility status of female An.gambiae s.l to Propoxur (0.01%) and bendiocarb (0.1%) (carbamate) and pirimiphosmethyl (0.25%) (organophosphate) insecticides in Uyo Metropolis, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The larvae of An. gambiae s.l were collected from natural water bodies and other potential breeding sites from different sites in Uyo Metropolis. Insecticide susceptibility bioassays were performed according to the World Health Organization standard operating procedures on 2-3 days old, sugar-fed but none blood fed female Anopheles mosquitoes. Post exposure mortality after 24 hours and knockdown values for KDT50 and KDT95 were calculated. Knock-down at 1 hour insecticide exposure ranged from 94 % to 100 %. Mortality after 24 hours post exposure was 100% for all insecticides except Propoxur which was 98 %. There was high variability in KDT50 and KDT95 values (in minutes) with propoxur (4.337 and 15.620), Bendiocarb (9.523 and 20.996) and pirimiphosmethyl (39.908 and 61.722) respectively. Adopting the WHO criteria, the mosquitoes were not resistant to any of the insecticides tested. The results therefore showed that vector control campaigns employing the use of any of these insecticides in the study area would not be compromised. However, there is need for continued monitoring to ensure early detection of resistance.

Keywords: Anopheles gambiae; insecticide susceptibility; Uyo; Akwa Ibom State; Nigeria.
Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of human cystic echinococcosis in some parts of Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: Bitrus D. , Weka R. , Yakubu R. , Ogo I.N. , Kamani J. , Ikeh E.
Published: July 2020

Livestock, pets and companion animals in developing nations are plagued with several infectious diseases some of them with zoonotic potentials. Echinococcosis which is a neglected zoonotic parasitic disease is one of such diseases that affect domestic animals and man with serious health and economic impacts. A cross-sectional questionnaire and serological survey was conducted on human subjects from four Local Government Areas (LGA) of Plateau State, Nigeria, to determine knowledge, attitude and practice and their level of exposure to E. granulosus infection. Sera from 181 human subjects recruited for this study were screened for IgG antibodies to E. granulosus using a commercial ELISA kit. Overall, 6 out of the 181 (3.3%) tested sera were positive. Seropositivity was associated with subjects below 10 years (OR=5.6), study location (OR=1.8), and scavenging behaviour of dogs (OR= 1.5), but not with gender of dog owners (OR=0.7), dog ownership (OR=0.6), dog deworming practice (OR=0.3) or the use of slaughter facility and meat inspection (OR=0.6). Ignorance about the transmission cycle of E. granulosus coupled with unhygienic practices are the main risk factors for the perpetuation of the disease in the study-communities. Sensitization, awareness creation and advocacy for hygienic  practises among the communities are recommended, as a short term measure while large scale studies to determine the true prevalence and therisk factors of the disease will form the basis for possible future control measures.

Keywords: Seroprevalence; Echinococcus granulosus; antibody; ELISA; human; Plateau State.
Urinary schistosomiasis among primary school pupils in selected communities of Abua/Odual Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Elele K. , Karibi E. , Gboeloh L.B.
Published: July 2020

The aim of the study was to determine urinary schistosomiasis in primary school pupils in some selected communities in Abua/Odual Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria, the risk factors of schistosomiasis with the view of suggesting control measures suitable to reduce infectivity and morbidity. Urine samples were collected and investigated using centrifugation and sedimentation techniques for the presence ofS. heamatobium eggs. Also, the urine was examined using the chemical reagent strip, Medi-test Combi-9 for the presence of haematuria and proteinuria in the urine. Of 140 urine samples collected and examined, haematuria and proteinuria shows prevalence of 61 (43.6%) and 94 (67.1%) respectively, and an overall prevalence of S. haematobium infection of 25% was recorded. Males (51.9%) had higher infection rate than females (17.4%). Children within age 10-13 years had the highest occurrence (55.4%), due to frequent visit in the water bodies to swim, paddle, play in the mud, fish, wash, fetch water from the infected water while the least was recorded among children within age 3-5 seen as infant whose parents restrict from visiting the river often. Emago-Kugbo recorded the highest infection with (32.3%), but the least was recorded in Akani-Kugbo with (15%). Statistical analysis showed that the infection varied significantly among sexes, age at p>0.05, community infection was equally significant at 0.05. The result of this study has shown the presence of urinary schistosomiasis in the Kugbo Clan, though prevalence was below 50%. The childrenhave no knowledge about schistosomiasis infection in the area. Also the presence of snail species especially the Bulinus globosus and increase contact with fresh water were taught to be responsible for the occurrence of the infection in the Kugbo Area. The results show that the communities around the Kugbo Clan are prevalent with schistosomiasis and that there is immediate attention for mass drug distribution of praziquantel and public health education in curbing the disease in the study-area.

Keywords: Urinary schistosomiasis; primary school pupils; Abua/Odual LGA; Rivers State; Nigeria.
Malaria management in animal model using antioxidant vitamins
Authors: Esimai B.N. , Njoku O.O. , Eneanya C.I.
Published: July 2020

Management of malaria has become a major public health problem with the emergence of Plasmodium falciparum resistant malaria to most antimalaria drugs. The work was employed to evaluate the management of malaria infection with the use of antioxidant vitamins in animal model. Gnotobiotically reared male Swiss albino mice, aged six to eight weeks, and weighed between 18 and 22 g were inoculated with a standard dose of malaria parasites P. berghei, through intra-peritoneal route. Malaria infected mice were treated over three days with 300 mg base Vitamin A, and 500 mg base vitamin C and E respectively, per kilogram body weight. There was a highly significant decrease (p<0.0001) in parasitaemia in treatedgroups. In positive untreated control group, hundred percent mortality was recorded. Post mortem examinations revealed haemorrhagic lesions at the lower part of the brain. An effective treatment of malaria was noted with orthomolecular management.

Keywords: Plasmodium berghei; animal model; malaria; antioxidant vitamins.
Variation in quality of newly hatched chicks from Japanese breeder quail fed guava extract
Authors: Xavier H.P.F. , Leandro N.S.M. , Mascarenhas A.G. , De Araújo I.C.S. , De Oliveira N.F. , A.L. Pinheiro1  , De Oliveira H.F. , De C. Mello H.H.
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of guava extract as a dietary supplement for Japanese quail hens on incubation parameters, intestinal development, and the quality of newly hatched chicks. Six hundred and forty-eight eggs were collected from Japanese quail hens fed diets with 0.0, 3.0, 6.0, and 9.0 g/kg of guava extract. The study consisted of four treatments, six replicates, and 27 eggs per replicate. The guava extract contained 2% ellagic acid. The eggs were incubated at 37.5 °C and 65% relative air humidity. The hatch window, hatchability, embryo development in unhatched eggs, quality of newly hatched quails, and intestinal histomorphometry of a duodenum segment were evaluated. Differences among the treatments in hatchability and the hatch window were not significant. The guava extract did not affect mortality rate, live pecking, dead pecking, and contaminated and inverted eggs. The number of infertile eggs was lower in the groups that received 3.0 and 9.0 g/kg of extract in their diets. Use of up to 3.0 g/kg of guava extract in the diet increased the weight of both eggs and newly hatched chicks. The quality score of newly hatched quail was similar across treatments. The inclusion of 3.0 g/kg of guava extract in the diet of Japanese quail breeder hens increased the hatchling weight of the chicks and improved the villus to crypt ratio of their duodenum.

Keywords: embryology, embryo metabolism, hatchery, incubation, breeder nutrition
Selenium and nano-selenium ameliorations in two breeds of broiler chickens exposed to heat stress
Authors: Hassan R.A. , Soliman E.S. , Hamad R.T. , El-Borady O.M. , Ali A.A. , Helal M.S.
Published: July 2020

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of synthesized nano-selenium (NS) and commercial inorganic selenium (Se) on immunity, behaviour, and performance of Arbor (AB) and Ross (RB) broilers that were exposed to heat stress of 40 °C for 6 - 8 hours daily over 38 days. Two hundred and ten one-day-old broilers of two breeds were supplemented with 0.5 mL/L of NS or Se in their drinking water. Two hundred sera, 200 intestinal swabs, and 1000 internal organ and tissue samples were collected. Weight gain, performance index, behavioral indices, total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, serum total protein, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and serum creatinine concentrations increased (P <0.01) in RB compared with AB when supplemented with NS. Meanwhile, NS supplementation decreased (P <0.01) water intake and the logarithmic bacterial counts of the intestine and breast in RB and AB, respectively. Histopathology revealed mild leukocytic infiltration and mild vacuolar degeneration in hepatocytes, and focal leukocytic infiltration, mild congestion, and cytoplasmic vacuolation in the myocardium of RB. Photomicrographs showed a mild lymphoid depletion in the spleen, while histopathology of the bursa of Fabricius revealed a normal follicular epithelium and normal lymphoid follicles with mild inter-follicular fibrosis in RB that were supplied with NS as opposed to AB, which expressed more severe pathological affections from heat stress. Thus, NS was more effective than Se in allowing broilers to respond to heat stress.Keywords: behaviour, immunity, growth traits, tissue architecture
Derecho de Defensa y el Debido Proceso en etapa intermedia.
Authors: Navarrete Martínez Juan , Arenas Valdés Raúl H.
Published: July 2020

Este artículo reza en un análisis lógico jurídico del derecho de defensa y el debido proceso en el proceso penal, exclusivamente en la etapa intermedia, la cual es una de las etapas más técnicas e indispensables en el desarrollo del proceso, así mismo se habla del papel que desempeñan las partes en el proceso penal mexicano durante la audiencia intermedia, de la misma manera aborda la normatividad aplicable para la impartición de justicia y los principios base sobre los cuales se desarrolla el proceso penal.
CORROSION PROTECTION OF MILD STEEL AND ALUMINIUM IN 0.1M AND 1M HCL ACID SOLUTIONS USING PTEROCARPUS OSUN.
Authors: Okore G.J. , Elenwoke E.U. , Okore J.S. , Oguzie E.E.
Published: July 2020

The inhibition effect of Pterocarpus osun on the corrosion of mild steel and aluminium in acidic medium was studied using gravimetric techniques. Weight loss measurements were determined on metal coupons in 0.1M and 1M HCl acid within the immersion time of 24-h for 5 consecutive days. Inhibition efficiency was determined by comparing the corrosion rates of mild steel and aluminium in 0.1M and 1M HCl in the presence and absence of additives. The trend of inhibition efficiency was used to propose the mechanism of inhibition. It was found that the plant extract act as inhibitor for acid-induced corrosion of mild steel and aluminium in 0.1M and 1M HCl. Inhibition efficiency of 94.5% and 94.9% were obtained for P. osun for aluminium in 0.1M and 1M HCl and 98.9%and 96.9% for mild steel in 0.1M and 1M HCl respectively. The inhibition efficiency was found to increase with increase in inhibitor concentrations. The adsorption of the inhibitor obeyed Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm. Based on the findings, P. osun stem extract is highly recommended as an alternative to synthetic, toxic chemical inhibitors.
INVESTIGATING FUNCTIONAL FOOD COMPONENTS AND EFFECT OF BOILING ON SOME SPECIES OF SESAME (SESAMUM INDICUM) SEEDS
Authors: Okoronkwo N. E. , Iwuagwu M. O. , Igwe J. C.
Published: July 2020

The functional components - phytochemicals, vitamin, proximate, mineral and fatty acid compositions of three different species of sesame seeds: S. orientale, S. radiatum and S. V. Ex. Sudan were evaluated to establish use as functional food. Also the impact of boiling in water as a method of food processing was investigated on the alkaloid and flavonoid as well as vitamin compositions at varying times. The results revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavanoids, saponin, tannin and phenol of which S. radiatum recorded the highest percentage of flavanoid (25.333±1.528%) and least percentage alkaloid (35.333±0.577%). The highest vitamin C concentration was observed in S. V. Ex. Sudan (0.0062±0.0002) and vitamin E was highest in S. radiatum (0.1781±0.0006) which also had the highest lipid content of 58.9 + 0.75% indicating highest oil content compared to the other two species. Sesamum V. Ex. Sudan had highest crude fibre of 8.5 + 0.92%. Sesamum radiatum contained highest calcium, magnesium, zinc copper and iron while S. orientale had highest sodium and cobalt. The oil extracted with ethanol contains more different types of fatty acids than the manually extracted oil. There were more different unsaturated fatty acids than saturated ones in the seeds. The Saturated fatty acids (SFA) identified in the oil samples were caproic acid (C6:0) found only in the oil extracted with ethanol but not in the manually extracted one; palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), arachidic acid (C20.0), behenic acid (C22.0), and lignoceric acid (C24.0). Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) identified in the samples were myristoleic acid (C14:1) which was found only in the oil extracted with ethanol; palmitoleic acid (C16:1) oleic [C18.1(9)], vaccenic acid [C18.1(11)], eicosenoic acid (C20.1) and erusic acid (C22:1). Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) identified in the oil samples were linoleic (C18:2),, alpha linolenic acid (C18:3),, eicosadienoic acid (C20.2), arachidonic (C20.4), dihomo-Y-linolenic (C20.3) and docosahexaenoic (C22:6) acids. The oil samples were rich especially in oleic [C18.1(9)] and vaccenic acid [C18.1(11)]. More so, considerable amount of alkaloid, flavanoid and vitamins contents were recorded after a maximum boiling time of thirty minutes for the cooked samples. The presence of these components predisposes these sesame seeds as valuable functional food.
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND MINERALOGICAL PROPERTIES OF A CLAY MINERAL DEPOSIT IN GEHEKU, KOGI STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Irabor E.E.I. , Okunkpolor A. K.
Published: July 2020

The physico-chemical and mineralogical properties of a clay mineral deposit in Geheku, Kogi State, Nigeria were assessed. The results of the study revealed that the deposit consisted of phyllosilicate minerals- Illite, montmorillonite, kaolinite, halloysite, almandine; other minerals present were quartz and ramsdellite. The clay minerals exhibited good swelling property, medium plasticity, good thermal shock resistance and apparent porosity; it had refractoriness below 1200 oC. The properties of the clay reflected the combined properties of the constituent clay and non-clay minerals which recommends it for a variety of applications which requires the blend of property though the working temperature must be below 1200 oC. The clay mineral deposit colours were influenced by the minerals almadine and ramsdellite.
EVALUATION OF THE AVAILABLE PLANT NUTRIENTS AT DIFFERENT pH LEVELS OF AHOKOR CLAY DEPOSIT LOCATED IN KOGI STATE, NIGERIA.
Authors: Irabor E. E. I. , Unuigbe C. A. , Omoruyi U. , EhimikhuaI K. O. , Sama F. J.
Published: July 2020

The nutrient level of Ahokor clay deposit in Kogi State, Nigeria was evaluated with the view of using it as a soil ammendments in soils deficient in plant mineral nutrients. Exchangeable bases (EB), cation exchange capacity (CEC), exchangeable acidity (EA) and percent base saturation were determined at five different pH levels for the top (LT) and bottom layers (LB) of the clay. These parameters were determined at pH4, pH5, pH7, pH8 and pH9 respectively. The exchangeable bases varied with change in pH with optimum values of K+ (1.120 0.300 cmolKg-1) and Na+ (0.701 0.010 cmolKg-1) for LT obtained at pH7 and pH4 respectively, while those of Ca2+ (0.920 0.025 cmolKg-1) and Mg2+ (0.298 0.027 cmolKg-1) were recorded at pH9. Optimum values for the exchangeable bases for the bottom clay (LB) were recorded at pH9 with values of 0.536 0.020 cmolKg-1, 3.522 0.023 cmolKg-1, 1.959 0.020 cmolKg-1 and 0.358 0.036 cmolKg-1 recorded for Na+ , K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ respectively. The optimum condition for application as soil ammendment was obtained at pH9 as the percent base saturation which indicates that the crystal lattice is occupied with more of the desired base cations was highest at this pH for both layers.
ANTIMALARIAL, FERRIC REDUCING ANTIOXIDANT POWER AND ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF Caesalpinia pulcherrima LEAF EXTRACT
Authors: Ogbeide O. K. , Okhomina O. K. , Omoregie I. G. , Unuigbe C. A. , Ighodaro A. , Akhigbe I. U. , Iheanacho M. , Akubuiro P. C. , Solomon A. , Irabor E. E. I. , Owolabi B. J. , Falodun A.
Published: July 2020

The increasing rise of resistance of malaria parasites to established antimalarial drugs have necessitated the continued search for new drug entities especially those with fresh modes of action. Caesalpinia pulcherrima is a plant with many pharmacological and medicinal properties. The leaf extract and fractions were studied for their antimalarial, ferric reducing antioxidant power and elemental composition.Various fractions of the leaf extracts were obtained using vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC). The in vivo antimalarial activity was evaluated against plasmodium berghei parasites. The required dose was given according to the weight of the animal two hours after inoculation of parasites on D1, then once daily for three more days (D2-D4). The antioxidant activity was carried out using UV-Visible spectrometer at 593 nm. The elemental analysis was done using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. There was a dose dependent increase in percentage chemo-suppression of the parasites by the different groups with maximum effect at 800 mg/kg (61.57-34.86 % from day five (5)to day eight (8) respectively). The highest FRAP activity was observed in 100% ethyl acetate with 314.90 ± 3.94 mmol, while the lowest antioxidant power was observed in 50% ethyl acetate:50% n-hexane fraction with 48.50 ± 1.10. 90%methanol:10% distilled water fraction did not indicate any FRAP activity. The results obtained revealed that the phytochemicals with very potent antioxidant power are more present in the ethyl acetate fraction. Elemental compositions (ppm) in the powdered leaf of C. pulcherrima were, sodium (Na); 20.27 ± 0.12, iron (Fe); 13.50 ± 0.08, calcium (Ca); 9.0 ± 0.14, and copper (Cu); 0.30 ± 0.08. Lead (Pb) was not detected. This study has shown that Lead concentration was below detectable limit, while the concentrations of Fe and Cu were within established permissible limits. Appreciable amount of Na and Ca were also indicated. C. pulcherrima leaf extract and fractions contain biologically active principles that are relevant antimalarial and antioxidant agents with acceptable mineral compositions.
Türkiye’de Netflix’in Serialler Açısından Genç Geleneksel Televizyon İzleyici Kullanım Pratiklerine Yansımaları
Authors: İŞLER SEVİNDİ Meltem , KATMER Görkem
Published: July 2020

İnternetin yayılmasıyla birlikte olanaklı hale gelen yeni medya araçları ile yayıncılık, günümüzde birçok platformla varlığını sürdürmektedir. Özellikle yeni kuşak gençlerin fazlasıyla ilgi duyduğu çevrimiçi platformlar hızla izleyici kazanmakta, izleme şekillerinde çeşitli değişiklikler yaratmaktadır. Binge-watching stratejisiyle yeni medyada sektörün öncüsü haline gelen Netflix, 2016 yılından itibaren Türkiye’de kullanıma sunulmuş ve 1,5 milyon üyeye ulaşmıştır. Netflix, izleyicilerin izleme alışkanlıklarını değişime uğratmış ve gençlerin televizyondan uzaklaşmasına neden olmuştur. Netflix’in izleme pratiklerinde yaptığı değişiklikler bu çalışmanın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada ele alınan genel soru Netflix’in yarattığı bu farklılıkların neler olduğu ve geleneksel televizyon izleyicisini nasıl etkilediğidir. Çalışmanın sonucunda genç izleyicilerin geleneksel televizyona yönelmelerini sağlayacak tespitler yapılmaya çalışılmıştır.
Teorias da aprendizagem na prática pedagógica do professor de biologia
Authors: Barbosa Gessikelli Silva , Silva Arthur Lima da
Published: July 2020

Este estudo objetivou analisar quais teorias da aprendizagem os professores de Biologia do município de Surubim/PE, conhecem e aplicam em sala de aula. Participaram do estudo 10 professores de Biologia que atuam na rede estadual de ensino. A pesquisa foi do tipo exploratória, de abordagem qualitativa. Na coleta de dados foram utilizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com perguntas de cunho pessoal e questões relacionadas aos objetivos da pesquisa. Para análise dos dados foi seguida a proposta do método hermenêutico-dialético segundo Minayo (1992). Os resultados mostraram que os professores de Biologia possuíam um conhecimento fragmentado sobre as teorias da aprendizagem, e que isto pode ter sido ocasionado pela falta de interesse nas disciplinas pedagógicas, durante a formação inicial dos mesmos.
“A CONTESTAÇÃO NECESSÁRIA” DE MARIA SYLVIA DE CARVALHO FRANCO E ANÍBAL QUIJANO
Authors: Pompeu José Mauro de Pontes
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar duas perspectivas de “racionalidade alternativa” e correlacionar os conceitos de “unidade contraditória” e “dominação pessoal” de Maria Sylvia de Carvalho Franco com os conceitos de “heterogeneidade histórico-estrutural” e “colonialidade do poder” de Aníbal Quijano (1928-2018) a fim de apresentar suas aproximações, divergências e proposições. Através das sínteses reflexivas de Maria Sylvia de Carvalho Franco e suas críticas às correntes hegemônicas das ciências sociais latino-americanas nos anos de 1960-1970 – “época de ouro” da “sociologia do desenvolvimento”, das teorias da dependência e da modernização –, encontraremos uma chave de aproximação entre a economia argumentativa da autora e o pensamento de Aníbal Quijano, formulado nos anos de 1990, – década que corresponde à crise de hegemonia das teorias da dependência da qual Quijano foi um dos contribuidores. Neste sentido, os dois recortes históricos tomam como ponto de partida o contexto histórico pelo qual os dois intelectuais analisados, cujas interseções buscaremos iluminar, apresentam seus conceitos de forma madura. Nossa intenção é claramente contribuir para a afirmação de uma racionalidade alternativa como a “marca diferenciada” de um tipo de sociologia política produzida na América do Sul, que toma antes como pressupostos a historicidade e a epistemologia crítica para o seu próprio desenvolvimento e amadurecimento.
MASCULINIDADES E FEMINILIDADES EM RELIGIOSIDADES AFRO-BRASILEIRAS
Authors: Barros Lara Rosa Meirelles
Published: July 2020

Resenha do livro Irmandade da Boa Morte e Culto de Babá Egum: Masculinidades, feminilidades e performances negras, fruto de tese defendida em Ciências Sociais na PUCSP em 2011 pela pesquisadora Joanice Conceição. A autora dispõe de ampla trajetória em interlocução com áreas de estudos que tematizam populações afro-brasileiras, religiosidade, gênero e educação. Atualmente é professora da Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afrobrasileira – UNILAB. Este livro é resultado de pesquisa junto a grupos Irmandade da Boa Morte, em Cachoeira, no Recôncavo Baiano e a comunidade de Babá Egum, do Ilê Omo Agboulá, na localidade de Ponta de Areia, Ilha de Itaparica, também na Bahia. A proposta da autora foi investigar práticas mortuárias dos coletivos, buscando compreender como os integrantes se utilizam de masculinidades e feminilidades — a pluralidade desses conceitos é salientada — em práticas rituais e cotidianas. Assim, o tema do poder é destacado com vistas a entender performances de gênero, bem como seus desdobramentos para o status do coletivo e a legitimidade das respectivas posições.
A COMISSÃO DE DIREITOS HUMANOS E LEGISLAÇÃO PARTICIPATIVA (CDH) NO SENADO BRASILEIRO: um estudo sobre sua composição (2005-2018)
Authors: Souza e Silva Jonatas Nogueira Aguiar
Published: July 2020

Tendo como base os estudos legislativos brasileiros, é perceptível que o Senado é deixado em segundo plano, uma vez que a maior parte dos estudos sobre o Legislativo brasileiro foca na Câmara dos Deputados. Todavia, há, nas últimas décadas, um crescente interesse pelo estudo do Senado, mesmo que ainda sejam minoritários em relação aos estudos sobre a primeira câmara. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o perfil dos senadores que ingressam na Comissão de Direitos Humanos e Legislação Participativa (CDH) do Senado, com base em dados políticos, sociodemográficos, atuação profissional e ​expertise, demonstrando o perfil daqueles que compõem esta comissão e sua relação com o seu papel informacional e deliberativo. Esse levantamento será cotejado com a literatura que trata da questão das comissões no Brasil, isto é, como os elementos partidários, a questão da expertise e seniority se apresentam na referida comissão. Os dados foram coletados a partir dos Relatórios Anuais da Presidência do Senado e da seção de biografia dos senadores, existentes no site da própria casa legislativa. O recorte temporal proposto cobre o período que se estende da criação da referida comissão até a última legislatura completa.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Boaes Giovanni
Published: July 2020

Apresentação do número 23.
“QUANDO NÃO TEM MAIS JEITO”: espiritualidade e terapias complementares como paliativos no tratamento oncológico
Authors: Macedo Ianne Paulo
Published: July 2020

O artigo sugere algumas reflexões possíveis sobre o universo simbólico de sujeitos acometidos pela doença oncológica, e que precisam realizar o tratamento pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) na cidade de Teresina (Piauí). A discussão do estudo destaca as contribuições da antropologia da saúde e da religião para a construção de novas perspectivas sobre práticas em saúde, a despeito dos trânsitos entre terapêuticas científicas e não científicas. Tem como objetivo perceber como os recursos espirituais, religiosos, alternativos e complementares incitam a produção de significados sobre o câncer e, como geram expectativas de cura da doença, tão almejada pelos adoecidos. Foi investigada também, a cultura emotiva elaborada por sujeitos adoecidos, a partir da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas, durante as visitas de campo na Associação Esperança e Vida, uma instituição filantrópica de assistência para sujeitos oncológicos em situação de baixa renda em Teresina. Ressalta-se que este artigo é um desdobramento da etnografia produzida durante o mestrado de antropologia da Universidade Federal do Piauí. Os autores com quem realizei o diálogo empírico são: Clifford Geertz, David Le Breton, Edgar Morin, Francisca Verônica Cavalcante, Marcel Mauss, dentre outros. Assim, o estudo evidenciou que é necessário o entendimento dos profissionais de saúde e cuidadores sobre a importância do aparato espiritual para os sujeitos sem perspectivas terapêuticas de cura.
MÚLTIPLAS FORMAS DE VIOLÊNCIA NA ESCOLA: notas sobre uma pesquisa em curso no IFPB, campus João Pessoa
Authors: Santos Rita de Cássia Melo , Toledo Aline , Cabral Selma , Wagner Adolfo
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo parte de uma experiência de pesquisa-ensino relacionada ao desenvolvimento do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID) da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), no curso de Licenciatura em Ciências Sociais e no Instituto Federal da Paraíba (IFPB), Campus João Pessoa, no período de julho de 2018 a janeiro de 2020. A pesquisa centrou-se em identificar as múltiplas formas de violência existentes na unidade escolar, para isso realizando levantamento de dados junto aos setores institucionais de registro e resolução da violência, entrevistando psicólogos e docentes envolvidos com o combate e prevenção da violência na escola e, sobretudo, realizando investigações junto ao corpo estudantil por meio de grupos focais, entrevistas dirigidas e questionários. Neste artigo, pretendemos especificamente apresentar os resultados parciais obtidos a partir das manifestações de violência de gênero e LGBTQIfobia no IFPB/João Pessoa.
APRESENTAÇÃO DO DOSSIÊ “POR DENTRO DO IFPB: conhecer e expressar”
Authors: Melo Santos Rita de  Cássia , Wagner Adolfo
Published: July 2020

O presente dossiê buscou reunir a produção dos discentes vinculados ao PIBID Sociologia UFPB/IFPB. Coordenado pelos organizadores desse dossiê, Rita de Cássia Melo Santos (DCS/UFPB) e Adolfo Wagner (IFPB), o PIBID Sociologia UFPB/IFPB pretendeu mergulhar em profundidade na compreensão do funcionamento do ensino de sociologia numa escola técnica de João Pessoa. Para isso, tomou como primeiro objetivo o desvendamento do funcionamento institucional do IFPB. Durante seis meses, os estudantes do PIBID observaram e anotaram a rotina de funcionamento, a distribuição da carga horária de sociologia entre os cursos técnicos e superiores, a composição da biblioteca, a estrutura física, a organização dos movimentos estudantis e a memória da Instituição. Uma releitura desse diagnóstico corresponde ao primeiro artigo desse dossiê.
ENTRE O CAPITALISMO E UMA PANDEMIA: reflexões introdutórias diante de uma sociedade desigual
Authors: Silva Mylena Serafim da
Published: July 2020

O livro "Coronavírus e a luta de classes" é uma coletânea de textos escritos por seis autores renomados no campo científico, que objetivam descrever sobre alguns aspectos macrossociais que interferem diretamente no enfrentamento à pandemia que estamos vivenciando. À luz dos escritos marxistas, os autores refletem sobre alguns posicionamentos políticos que são estratégicos, não em prol da população, mas sim da manutenção do sistema capitalista. Para além da exposição de fatos que estão ocorrendo mundialmente, desde as iniciativas políticas até a atuação da classe trabalhadora, os textos propõem medidas sugestivas para vencer não apenas a pandemia, mas também a desigualdade de classes enraízada no modo de sociedade que temos estabelecido.
Profile, Bacteriology and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Diabetic Foot Ulcers at Federal Medical Centre, Makurdi
Authors: Ojobi J E , Ogiator M O , Anyim O B , Abonyi M
Published: July 2020

The reported increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus is expected to be accompanied by a corresponding increase in associated complications. Foot problems are important public health complications of diabetes mellitus. A major obstacle in the management of foot ulcers in diabetes is the colonisation of wounds by virulent pathogens, increasing morbidity and mortality. This was a review of the profile, bacteriology and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of foot ulcers in type 2 diabetes mellitus to aid planning of services and provides a sensible approach to empirical antibiotic therapy while awaiting culture and sensitivity report. It was a hospital based retrospective study in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted for foot ulcer(s) over a 3 year period (2012 - 2014) at the Federal Medical Centre. Approval for the study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the institution. Relevant data (gender, age, residence, occupation, diabetes mellitus duration, ulcer duration, glycoslated haemoglobin status) were extracted from the files. One hundred and nine type 2 diabetes mellitus case files made up of 44 females and 65 males (1:1.5) with a mean age of 53.5±11.4 years were extracted. They were mostly farmers in their fifties with poor glycaemic control who had type 2 diabetes mellitus for more than a decade and foot ulcers for more than 6 months. Late presentation, poor glycaemic control, high rate of wound infection with Staphylococcus aureus, resistance to Penicillins and sensitivity to Quinolones were noted.
Psychiatric Morbidity and Patterns of Inpatient Referral to the Consultation-Liaison Unit of Jos University Teaching Hospital, North-Central Nigeria
Authors: Goar S G , Gyang A B , Tungchama F P , Maigari Y T , Agbir M T , Nwoga C N , Bamidele L I
Published: July 2020

The study of the pattern of inpatients referral to consultation-liaison unit is important as significant proportion of patients with physical illnesses also suffer from psychiatric disorder. It will help in designing better consultation-liaison services that is geared toward holistic health care. The study was aimed at determining the psychiatric morbidity, referral patterns and sociodemographic profiles of in-patients referred to consultation-liaison unit of Jos University Teaching Hospital. It was a descriptive prospective study of all consenting patients. A total of 142 patients were referred to consultation-liaison unit during the study period of August 2014 to July 2015. The referral rate was 1.7%. The mean age+SD of referred patients was 38+16.59 years. There were more females 84(59.2%) than males 58(40.8%). Among the referred patients majority had secondary education 60(42.3%) and were never-married 67(47.2%). The major source of referral 97(68.3%) was from medical ward and reasons for referral were; to help in management 68.3%, previous psychiatric contact 12.0% and abnormal behavior 10.6%. The predominant psychiatric diagnoses using ICD-10 criteria were depression 27(19.0%), acute organic brain syndrome 18(12.7%), alcohol dependence 15(10.6%) and puerperal psychosis/depression 12(8.5%). Co-morbid physical conditions were present in 123(86.6%) mainly, infections 25(17.6%), retroviral infections 18(12.7%), neurological conditions 8(5.6%), trauma/head injury 13(9.2%) and cardiovascular diseases 12(8.5%).  The low referral rate and reasons for referral revealed the referring physicians scope of the understanding of psychiatry. Therefore, clinicians should be adequately exposed to basic knowledge of psychiatry and should be able to recognize common psychiatric conditions and referred appropriately for a holistic healthcare.
Changes in Biochemical Parameters in Human immunodeficiency virus Infected Patients: A Pre-Treatment Study
Authors: Ochalefu D O , Abu H A , Amali E OO , Agada A S , Alonyenu I E
Published: July 2020

In recent times there have been advances in the management of Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection. However, the disease still poses threat to biochemical parameters of the body. This study was carried out to investigate the biochemical parameters in Human Immunodeficiency Virus infected patients who were yet to start anti-Retroviral drugs regimen. This study was carried out for a period of six weeks using structural questionnaires.  A total of one hundred participants were used for the study out of which fifty were Human Immunodeficiency Virus infected while the remaining fifty were Human Immunodeficiency Virus negative, who served as control. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in the values of Total Protein, Albumin, Alkaline Phosphatase, Aspartate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase, Total Cholesterol, High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, Triacylglycerol, Calcium and Sodium of Human Immunodeficiency Virus positive patients when compared with the control. However, there were no significant differences (p>0.05) between the mean values of the conjugated Bilirubin, Urea, Creatinine, Potassium, Bicarbonate and Chloride of the infected patients when compared with those of the control. The findings in this study showed significant changes in biochemical parameters in Human Immunodeficiency Virus infected subjects.
Measurement of Magnetic Susceptibility on Some Rock Samples in Parts of Kuje Area, Abuja-Nigeria
Authors: Abdulsalam N N , Ologe O
Published: July 2020

Magnetic Susceptibility values are important in interpreting regional magnetic anomalies and in crustal modeling. In this study, Magnetic Susceptibility has been measured on rock samples from the sedimentary succession of Kuje Area in FCT. Variation of susceptibility for the different samples has been analyzed and confirm in the study. According to the measured susceptibility values based on the selected samples, the minimum susceptibility value for sedimentary rocks was found to be 0 which was the minimum value obtained for Dolomite and the maximum susceptibility value for sedimentary rocks was found to be 1480cgs which was the maximum value obtained for shales. For metamorphic rock, the minimum susceptibility value was found to be 25cgs which was the minimum value obtained for schists and its maximum susceptibility value was found to be 3,000cgs which was the maximum value obtained for slate. Finally, the minimum susceptibility value for igneous rocks was found to be 20cgs which was the minimum value obtained for rhyolite and its maximum susceptibility value was 14500cgs which was the maximum value obtained for basalts
Isolation Identification and Characterization of Diterpenes from the Stem bark of Detarium Microcarpum
Authors: Gera Y , Umeh E U , Tor-Anyiin T A , Iheukwumere C C
Published: July 2020

The antibacterial activity of the stem bark of Detarium microcarpum was investigated with the aim of isolating the most active ingredient. Extraction solvents used to prepare the crude extracts of the stem bark were, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, methanol. Test bacteria included Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteriditis, Shigella dysenteriae, Staphylococcus aureus and Vibro cholerae. The extracts demonstrated a wide range of antibacterial activity on the microorganisms, with the ethyl acetate crude extract being the most active. Using liquid vacuum chromatography over silica gel, the extract was eluted with n- hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol and fifty- five fractions labeled Gl - G55 were obtained. Further antibacterial assays of the fractions led to the identification of fraction G34 as the most active fraction. This fraction was subjected to spectroscopic analysis using NMR, [(1H -1H NMR, 13C-NMR) and 2D-NMR (COSY and HMBC)]. The results showed good agreement with reported data on Copalic acid, a diterpene with chemical formula C O H O . This compound is 2 34 2 the most active ingredients of this plant and is likely to be responsible for its antibacterial activities.
Molecular Identification of Green Algae, Spirogyra Porticalis, along Parts of River Kaduna and its Potential for Singlecell Protein (SCP) Production
Authors: Haroun A A , Matazu I K , Abdulhamid Y , Sani J
Published: July 2020

The freshwater alga spirogyra porticalis, a filamentous chlorophyte, was collected and identified on the basis of morphology and molecular characteristics. The nutritional composition of the Alga (protein, carbohydrate, moisture, fat, ash) were determined using the AOAC, Official Methods of Analysis. The components of Single Cell Protein (SCP) were determined using method of proximate analysis. The total content of protein (% dry weight) ranged from 12.46-16.89%, carbohydrate from 34.72-39.25%, moisture from 12.97-16.75%, fat from 20.17-22.03%, ash from 10.78-15.98%. The result revealed that this Macroalga has an appreciable amount of protein, carbohydrate, moisture, fat, and ash. Amino acids composition determines the protein quality of Algae. Hence, the amino acids present in the algal sample were extracted and estimated using an automated amino acids Analyzer. The results have shown the presence of the following amino acids; Leu, Lys, Ile, Phe, Val, His, Arg, Met, Trp, Thr, Pro, Tyr, Gly, Glu, Asp, Cys, Ser, Ala. The essential amino acids (Leu, Lys, Ile, Phe, Val, His, Arg, Met, Trp, Thr) profile of the alga as compared with conventional protein sources and the WHO/FAO reference pattern of essential amino acids (g per 100 protein), reveals that the levels of the essential amino acids in the alga were either similar to or greater than the levels of the same amino acids in the reference foods and WHO/FAO reference pattern. Thus, results of the present study shows that S.porticalis is a potential source of single cell protein, and may be of use to the food industry as a source of ingredients with high nutritional value. S. porticalis can provide a dietary alternative due to its nutritional value and its commercial value can be enhanced by improving the quality and expanding the range of freshwater macroalgae based products.