bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Paediatric nurses' attitudes towards the promotion of healthy eating
Authors: Blake Holly , Patterson Joanna
Published: January 2015

This study assessed paediatric nurses' attitudes towards promoting healthy eating and their opinions regarding nurses as role models for health. In all, 67 nurses from 14 wards at an acute hospital trust completed questionnaires on weight, diet, physical activity, self-efficacy and attitudes towards nurses as role models for health. Forty-eight percent felt that they could incorporate health promotion into their patient care better, and 84% believed that nurses should present themselves as role models for health. Nurses felt that their own health behaviours influenced the quality of their care: 77% reported that patients and families would heed advice better from those who appeared to follow it themselves, and 48% reported difficulties in promoting health behaviours they did not adhere to themselves. These views were inconsistent with their own lifestyle choices, since one third of respondents did not meet physical-activity guidelines, almost half were an unhealthy weight, and the majority did not consume five portions of fruits/vegetables per day. Paediatric nurses identified barriers and facilitators to promoting healthy eating. Education, training and access to evidence-based resources may help to increase paediatric nurses' confidence to promote healthy eating to children and their families. Hospital workplaces should make provision to support nurses who seek to improve their own health.
Will MyNHS increase public confidence in care delivery?
Authors: Glasper Alan
Published: January 2015

Professor Alan Glasper from the University of Southampton discusses the potential impact of MyNHS, designed to give members of the public in England access to data to allow them to compare the performance of their local NHS hospital
Quiz game teaching format versus didactic lectures
Authors: Aljezawi Ma'en , Albashtawy Mohammed
Published: January 2015

Background:

Lecturing has been traditionally used as the core teaching strategy in university education in all disciplines. However, new research in education suggests that other formats such as game teaching could be more effective.

Aim:

To compare students' performance, satisfaction and retention of knowledge between a Jeopardy!-style game format and a didactic lecture format in teaching the subject of models for organising patient care to fourth-year nursing students.

Methods:

A parallel-group randomised controlled trial was conducted. Participants were fourth-year nursing students who registered in the second semester of 2012–2013 and enrolled in the Nursing Management and Ethics in Nursing Course in the Community Health Department.

Results:

66 students completed the study (34 in the quiz game group and 32 in the lecture group). Pre-test results showed no significant difference between the two groups in their achievement scores. However, in the immediate achievement post-test and the retention test the students in the quiz group scored significantly better than those in the lecture group. A satisfaction questionnaire showed that the game format was well liked and accepted by students as a more satisfying teaching method.

Conclusion:

This study is the first of its kind in Jordan to explore the effectiveness of this particular game format versus the lecture format. Results suggest that the game format was well liked and accepted by students as a more satisfying teaching method. Additionally, it appeared to be a better method of education as it promoted greater information retention.
Assessment practices of Irish occupational therapists: a study
Authors: Brangan Joan , O'Neill Geraldine
Published: January 2015

Assessment is a key component of the occupational therapy intervention process. Standardized assessments provide objectivity to this process. It is important that, in addition, these assessments reflect the client-centred philosophy of the profession. This article addresses key issues regarding the use of standardized assessments, and reports on the results of a study investigating the assessment practices of a group of Irish occupational therapists. The purpose of this article is to identify the attributes of standardized assessments and to question their place within the practice of occupational therapy. Occupational therapy philosophy stresses the importance of a client-centred approach to intervention, where the client's problems, needs and priorities are determined by the client or by the therapist in collaboration with the client or care giver. Many of the current standardized tests lack this client-centred approach. This article looks at current assessment practices among a group of Irish occupational therapists and suggests some future directions worth considering to optimize the use of standardized assessments.
Correspondence
Authors: Wilcock Michael , Mackenzie Ian , Fowler Janet , Cameron Gordon
Published: January 2015

Psychotropic Drug Prescription

High Standards for Injecting Physiotherapists
Fruit & Veg: F is for French Beans
Authors: Hammond Paula , Lillie Stephen
Published: January 2015

This month, we continue our extended adventure around the alphabetical fruits and vegetables of the world, by taking a look at some long, green, healthy vegetables.
Making plant-based fabric dyes
Authors: Francis-Pester Dawn
Published: January 2015

Environmentally friendly, natural dyes provide interesting colours and exciting learning opportunities for young children who will be amazed at what foodstuffs can be used.
Closing the gap further
Authors: Martland Rebecca
Published: January 2015

The government has introduced an Early Years Pupil Premium, which will be rolled out nationally from April 2015, and which provides extra funds to help disadvantaged children.
A life on the high seas for me
Authors: Sargent Marianne
Published: January 2015

In this extract from Planning for Learning Through Pirates [Practical Pre-School Books] we explore activities based on the foundation stage areas of learning, with a Ship Ahoy! theme.
Improving dental unit water quality through audit
Authors: Brock Gareth
Published: January 2015

Chate RA (2010) An audit improves the quality of water within the dental unit water lines of general dental practices across the East of England. Br Dent J 209(7): E11
Percy learns to count
Authors: Moffett Pamela
Published: January 2015

Puppets are widely used to encourage children's talk and reasoning. This article looks at how they have been used to expose common counting errors and to generate the ‘right kind of talk’ in mathematics.
Unpicking the characteristics: Supporting children's thinking and learning
Authors: Chilvers Di
Published: January 2015

The revised foundation stage re-focuses the emphasis on the characteristics of learning, which make excellent starting points to develop professional thinking and learning in respect to provision.
The high and low of it
Authors: Williams David
Published: January 2015

Music consists of a number of different elements, which we will explore in more detail over the course of this short series, using practical activities. This month, we take a look at the high and low of pitch.
Flexible sigmoidoscopy: Do rectal or oral bowel preparations have better outcomes?
Authors: King Charlotte
Published: January 2015

The use of flexible sigmoidoscopy as the routine diagnostic test for a range of lower gastrointestinal symptoms has increased over the last few years. To determine whether rectal or oral preparations are more effective for cleansing the bowel before the procedure, and which is better tolerated by patients, a minireview of single-blinded, randomized controlled trials was undertaken. A literature search was performed to identify available studies comparing rectal and oral routes of administration only. Four studies were identified with three studies being available and included in the review. All three compared oral Picolax with a rectal enema and looked at the satisfaction of the endoscopist as well as the amount of symptoms suffered by the patients and whether they would be willing to take the preparation again if required. When looking at the efficacy of the preparations the rectal route was found to be better than the oral route. However, there was no consensus on which was better tolerated by patients, with two of the studies favouring one type of preparation outright and the third finding differences in toleration depending on specific symptoms.
CORE research funding and support
Authors: Jones Roger
Published: January 2015

Roger Jones, President of CORE, explains the work of the charity in funding research into gastrointestinal and liver disease. He invites health professionals to contribute to CORE's work and to make use of CORE's patient information leaflets, which can be used in clinics.
Is opiate compliance a problem in cancer pain? A survey of health-care professionals' views
Authors: Abbas Syed Qamar , Abbas Zafar
Published: January 2015

This article reports on a questionnaire survey, which was conducted among health-care professionals to investigate their experience of opiate compliance in terminally ill patients with cancer pain. There were 93 respondents, ranging from hospital consultants to junior doctors and specialist nurses to staff nurses. Sixty six respondents (71%) indicated that non-compliance was a problem in pain control. Non-compliance was considered a problem in more than 15% of patients for 92 respondents. Non-compliance was reported for all the routes and types of strong opiates. Shortacting morphine administered every 4–6 hours was reported as the drug most likely not to be taken (n=52, 55.9%), whereas transdermal opiates were the most common second-line choice for noncompliant patients (n=65, 70%). Participants indicated that the reasons for non-compliance varied and included gastrointestinal and CNS side effects, fear of addiction and lack of help with drug.
Characteristics and views of family carers of older people with heart failure
Authors: Barnes Sarah , Gott Merryn , Payne Sheila , Parker Chris , Seamark David , Gariballa Salah , Small Neil
Published: January 2015

Aims: To explore the characteristics and views of the family carers of older people with heart failure.

Method: 213 family carers of heart failure patients >60 years were recruited from UK general practitioner (GP) practices. Carer strain, quality of life (QOL) and service satisfaction questionnaires were completed every 3 months for 2 years, as well as 16 interviews with patients and carers, and 9 focus groups with health care professionals.

Results: 76% of carers were female, 70% were >60 years and 73% were spousal carers. Predictors of carer strain were symptoms of depression, age and patient NYHA. Predictors of lower QOL were: spousal carer; 2+ health conditions and symptoms of depression. Qualitative findings related to the change in circumstances, impact of responsibilities and health conditions of the family carers.

Conclusion: Carers were mainly older women, often experiencing multiple health conditions. Addressing the practical and emotional support required presents a challenge for specialist palliative care in responding to calls for increased involvement in heart failure. A shared care model with liaison between specialist heart failure nurses, cardiologists, primary care teams and hospice services is advocated.
Book Reviews
Authors: Pennell Mary
Published: January 2015

Working relationships: spirituality in human services and organisational life

Textbook of Palliative Nursing
Nurses' attitudes towards euthanasia: a cross-sectional study in Iran
Authors: Naseh Ladan , Rafiei Hossein , Heidari Mohammad
Published: January 2015

Aim:

Nurses have an important role in caring for terminally ill patients. They are often confronted with euthanasia but little is known about their attitudes towards it. The present study aimed to examine Iranian Muslim nurses' attitudes towards euthanasia.

Methods:

In this exploratory cross-sectional study, all qualified registered nurses working in two teaching hospitals (Kashani and Hajar hospitals) in Iran were invited to participate. The Euthanasia Attitude Scale (EAS) was used to assess the nurses' attitude towards euthanasia. Of 266 nurses who fit the criteria, 190 participated in the study (response rate 72.9%); 91.1% (n=173) were female and 8.9% (n=17) were male.

Results:

In total, 57.4%, 3.2% and 39.5% of nurses reported a negative, neutral and positive attitude to euthanasia respectively. Nurses reported their most negative attitude to the domain ‘practical consideration’ with mean of 2.36±0.9 and most positive attitude to the domain ‘treasuring life’ with a mean EAS score of 2.85±0.4.

Conclusion:

The majority of Muslim nurses were found to have negative attitudes to euthanasia. We recommend that future studies should be conducted to examine Muslim nurses' attitudes to euthanasia in different cultures to determine the role of culture and religious beliefs in attitude to euthanasia.
The use of interferential therapy for pain management by physiotherapists
Authors: Tabasam Ghazala , Johnson Mark I
Published: January 2015

The objective of this survey was to collect information about physiotherapists' self-report of their use of interferential therapy (IFT) to manage pain. Physiotherapists working in four city hospitals in the North of England completed a questionnaire designed by the authors to establish the use of IFT. Fifty two of the 57 respondents reported that they had previously used IFT in clinical practice. Thirty six respondents reported that they used IFT on a regular (weekly) basis and 35 of these used it for pain relief. However, 25 of the 35 respondents who regularly used IFT for pain relief reported that they used it on less than 25% of all of the pain patients that they managed in the clinic. The 35 respondents who regularly used IFT for pain relief reported that they administered one to five IFT treatments (n=26) to each patient with individual IFT treatments usually lasting 11–20 minutes (n=27). The respondents reported that they most commonly used amplitude modulated frequencies of 100Hz, together with 6^6 (delivery of a 6-second decrease between two predetermined amplitude modulated frequencies of IFT) swing patterns. Their knowledge about IFT practice was reported to be gathered from departmental colleagues (n=26).

The survey concludes that there was similarity in the IFT parameters and regimens used for pain relief between respondents. Most respondents used a trial and error approach to establishing IFT parameters using feedback from the patient about the comfort of IFT. In addition, IFT devices are large and expensive and remain in physiotherapy clinics and this may be the reason why respondents tend to administer IFT for less than 30 minutes while the patient attends the clinic. Perhaps physiotherapists should consider recommending cheap portable transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) devices instead of IFT, as patients can self-administer TENS whenever they need
Co-creating our future: How to make 2015 your best year ever
Authors: Oshikanlu Ruth
Published: January 2015

January is a time for resolutions and, with the conclusion of the implementation plan and a general election this year, there is more potential than ever for positive change.
How health visitors can support parents to cope with fussy eating
Authors: Patience Sara
Published: January 2015

Fussy eating is a common problem in young children, and is usually a transient phase of development. Persistent fussy eating in conjunction with other concerns about development may necessitate appropriate referral, but in most cases the problem can be resolved with simple measures. Preventing and resolving fussy eating requires parents to offer their children the types of food they expect their child to eat, with repeated exposure to foods to encourage acceptance. Parents should be responsive to their child's feeding cues. Eating in a positive, social setting with others helps children to accept a range of foods.
A case of recurrent cutaneous actinobacillosis
Authors: Truyers Isabelle , Ellis Kathryn , Norquay Robert
Published: January 2015

Actinobacillus lignieresii is well recognised as a cause of ‘wooden tongue’ in cattle, but the disease can occasionally also affect other soft tissues of the head and neck and deep organs where it is often confused with neoplasms or exuberant granulation tissue. This report describes the clinical and pathological findings in a case of cutaneous actinobacillosis, which was considered atypical because of the extent and distribution of the lesions and the recurrence of the problem. It discusses the cost effectiveness of using biopsy and histopathology as diagnostic tools and highlights the requirement for prolonged antimicrobial therapy.
Equine Review
Authors: Ivens Phil
Published: January 2015

Introduction:

This edition of Equine Review considers papers on treatment of eyelid squamous cell carcinoma, administration of clenbuterol, and cTnI concentrations in horses with colic.
Pitfalls in bovine obstetrics and how to avoid them
Authors: Oultram JW , Holman AN
Published: January 2015

Obstetrics is one of the most enjoyable and rewarding tasks in farm animal work but conversely it is one of the more stressful, requiring sound decision making under pressure. Due to the vagaries of nature, the majority of obstetrical cases occur at night when farm staff may be in short supply and veterinary back up may not always be available. It must be appreciated that it is a demanding time for all involved; the cow, farmer and veterinary surgeon. This article cannot cover every eventuality and does not set out to describe every obstetrical presentation, but rather to provide guidelines which will aid decision making when calving cows. To paraphrase McLintock 2004 (from Mee 2008) ‘There is no such thing as an easy calving … just varying degrees of difficulty … from the dam's perspective’.
An insight into blood glucose testing
Authors: Blake Julie
Published: January 2015

Following the publication of the findings of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) in 1993 and more recently, in the conclusions from the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group (1998a; 1998b), it has been demonstrated that tight blood glucose control of both insulin dependent diabetes and non-insulin dependent diabetes leads to a reduction in the risk of long-term complications. Although the concept is not new, there is now evidence to support it, and frequent, reliable and confident monitoring has become even more relevant and important.
Manage wound exudate
Authors: Edwards Vicki
Published: January 2015

As a community nurse one sees many different types of wounds. Some of these are chronic wounds, such as leg ulcers and pressure sores, and others are acute post-operative wounds and traumatic wounds. These wounds all produce different levels of exudate.
The Framework for Mental Health
Authors: Armstrong Liz
Published: January 2015

At last! The long-awaited National Service Framework — Mental Health has been launched. And very interesting reading it makes. Theres lots in it for primary care teams, including key doctors, practice nurses and community nurses. The recognition of the roles of non-specialist nurses in mental health care is very welcome. But there is also a recognition of the training needs of nurses and this is where some of my concerns come in.
Walk-in Clinic: Psoriasis
Authors: Lawton Sandra
Published: January 2015

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterised by red scaly areas, which tends to affect areas such as the knees, elbows, lower back and scalp. The prevalence of psoriasis is between 1 to 3% with adult males and females affected equally, but age onset may be earlier in females (Williams, 1997).
Show and tell
Authors: Doyle Phoebe
Published: January 2015

Make the most of these treasured time-slots by getting parents engaged. Phoebe Doyle explains how this can be achieved through activities such as holiday diaries or boxes to fill at home.
A Preliminary Study of the Application of Electromagnetic Conductivity Meter on Soil Properties of Paddy Cultivation Areas at Wue Village, Jantho, Aceh Besar District, Indonesia
Authors: Marwan .
Published: January 2015

Conventional soil sampling is time consuming and requires meticulous laboratory analysis. Hence, mapping of soil apparent in respect to electrical conductivity (ECa) has been developed to identify areas of contrasting soil properties. Such ECa values are represent measures of soil properties. The sensor system, GF Instrument model CMD-4 were used to analyze soil physical properties. This system consists of three important parts, ECa sensor, data logger and Global Positioning System (DGPS) receiver. This research was aimed to evaluate the relationships between ECa and soil properties as well as the yield of rice (paddy) in paddy’s farming fields. One study site was chosen. The sensor was pulled through a plotted area of 0.25 km2. The distribution map of ECa was developed to identify the contrast of ECa. More than 100 ECa of data points were collected in 3-hour for the large plot. The data was later transferred to a notebook computer for generation of ECa maps using Surfer 11 software. According to the data analyses, field and ECa showed positive correlation. The average values of ECa are significantly different between hilly area and drainage canal area signifying differences in soil structure. Soil ECa could provide a measure of the spatial differences associated with soil physical and chemical properties, which for paddy soil may be a measure of soil suitability for crop growth and its productivity. This sensor can measure the soil ECa through the field quickly for detailed features of the soil and can be operated by just one worker. The ECa map provides some ideas for future soil management
Exhibition Reviews
Authors: Leoni Francesca , Moser Sarah , Çelik Zeynep , Behiery Valerie
Published: January 2015

‘Qalam: The art of Beautiful Writing’, Birmingham Museums and art Galleries, Birmingham, UK, November 2, 2013–January 26, 2014

‘How Architects, Experts, Politicians, International Agencies and Citizens Negotiate Modern Planning: Casablanca Chandigarh’, Canadian Centre for Architecture, Montreal, November 26, 2013–April 20, 2014

‘Robertson: Photographer and Engraver in the Ottoman Capital’, Koç University Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations, Istanbul, November 27, 2013–February 20, 2014

‘“The Map is not the Territory”: Parallel Paths – Palestinians, Native Americans, Irish’, Levantine Center, Los Angeles, May 15–June 22, 2014
The Grand Bazaar in Istanbul: The Emergent Unfolding of a Complex Adaptive System
Authors: Wohl Sharon
Published: January 2015

The Grand Bazaar in Istanbul offers an example of a physical environment containing specific districts that have emerged over time. This paper theorizes that the Grand Bazaar exhibits the characteristics of a Complex Adaptive System. Next, it considers specific urban elements found in the Bazaar, in light of complexity theory, to see how these facilitate processes that lead to the emergence of contiguous districts. This study repurposes Kevin Lynch’s categorization of urban elements to provide a useful framework for discussing complexity theory. This research is further informed by economic analysis derived from Evolutionary Economic Geography, which examines the emergence of business clusters.
Built on Light: The ‘Crafty’ Art of Geometric Patterned Windows
Authors: Koliji Hooman
Published: January 2015

The exquisite coloured glass windows that were widely popular in seventeenth- to nineteenth-century Iran, known as orosi, suggest a multiplicity of readings at physical, perceptual and contemplative levels. Comprised of sophisticated geometric patterns known as girih, the window offers variegated light patterns to the interior while simultaneously connecting it to the outside garden. This paper investigates the layers of design thinking associated with orosi windows through a study of the following horizons: architecture, pattern, construction, spatial experience and interpretation. Thus, the orosi window as a construct will first be discussed in terms of layers, planes and overall structure. Subsequently, the paper examines the girih for its essential pattern design vocabulary, as well as with respect to the similarities and differences in stages of conceiving geometric patterns through drawing and production. This study of the spatial experience of orosi argues for the significant role played by the coloured geometric patterned window in negotiating its adjacent spaces. The simultaneous presence of abstract and naturalistic geometric patterns seen in both the window and the exterior garden expands the discussion of geometric patterns to the entirety of the edifice, landscape and beyond.
Reviews
Authors: Price Steven , Spicer Andrew , Ferrell Rose , Geerts Ronald
Published: January 2015

Screenwriting Poetics and the Screen Idea, Ian W. Macdonald (2013) Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 271 pp., ISBN: 9780230392281, h/bk, £55.00

Writing and Producing Television Drama in Denmark From The Kingdom to The Killing, Eva Novrup Redvall (2013) Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 252 pp., ISBN: 9781137288400, h/bk, £50.00

Body Double: The Author Incarnate in the Cinema, Lucy Fischer (2013) New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 273 pp., ISBN: 9780813554498, p/bk, £22.50

Lire et écrire un scénario. Le scénario de film comme texte, Isabelle Raynauld (2012) Paris: Armand Colin, 224 pp., ISBN: 9782200355616, p/bk, €22.00
Shaping the documentary subject: Writing and visualizing the documentary and media art script
Authors: Merewether Janet
Published: January 2015

This article seeks to examine the varied modes of writing employed by documentary filmmakers and media artists, who may, as an alternative to a conventional ‘script’, devise a framework of intent, or a ‘working hypothesis’ in order to constitute or determine the underlying structure of the temporal work. Fiction and non-fiction screenwriter/directors regularly focus on the subjects of human mortality, yet the process of shaping a script differs for the documentary author in that they may choose, or seek to, film the actual lives of trauma victims or terminally ill subjects. This article will examine how a documentary writer/director undertakes the relatively analytical processes of screenwriting and film structuring, whilst simultaneously experiencing a premonition of loss and uncertainty as to future events. Is it possible that filmmaking and autobiographical writing, as documentarian Ross McElwee (Time Indefinite, 1993) suggests, in their attempts to confront death directly, are ‘just another denial of death-a way of distracting the filmmaker from dealing with death and then getting on with life’? Incorporating case studies of several of my own hybrid documentary films and digital artworks, I intend to examine some of the ethical, temporal, screenwriting and directorial issues that arise when selecting, filming and editing the lives of social actors or documentary participants. This article will discuss the key question: what can and do documentary and media art ‘scripts’ look like? How stylistically diverse can they be, in response to the director’s framework of intent, or the idiosyncratic qualities of the participant selected?
From ‘What Can be Seen and Heard’ to ‘What Can be Sensed and Thought’: Almodovar’s moving textuality in the screenplay of Todo sobre mi madre/All about my Mother (1999)
Authors: Abes Christian
Published: January 2015

A screenplay is a text in transit and in constant tension between the written and the audio-visual dimensions, resulting in a process of a great potentiality. Such a phenomenon can be perceived in Pedro Almodóvar’s screenwriting, in which a distinct idea of style and creative process emerges. The screenwriting of objectivity and exteriority gives way to a generous, dynamic and expressive text. This study highlights how the screenplay can be shaped within a peculiar and poetic textuality, mixing technical references with insight and more abstract comments, i.e. presenting itself simultaneously as a perceptual and as a conceptual text. What if the effects resulting from the audio-visual metaphors of Almodóvar’s screenplay for Todo sobre mi madre/All about my Mother (1999) were ‘present’ only in the screenplay? What if such deviation from classical rules engenders an experimental space within screenwriting that eventually expands the very idea of ‘screenplay’ itself?
Pain proxies, migraine and invisible disability in Renée French’s H Day
Authors: Honeyman Susan
Published: January 2015

Renée French contributes to the growing subgenre of comics about medical issues and disability in her wordless text, H Day. Working with an invisible impairment, migraine, as her subject, French creates separate points of view, connecting them with overlapping imagery and externalizing focalization. Using a traditional iconography of dogs as pain proxies, the work also contributes significantly to larger discussions about agency in the identity politics of invisible disability.
The rhetorical work of remediation in The Photographer
Authors: Lawson Daniel
Published: January 2015

For scholars in visual rhetoric, the recent wave of visual narrative forms have posed a particular challenge in terms of analysis: how might one read the sort of text that refuses to conform to visual genres as we have come to know them and yet draws upon a number of conventions from these genres and the media they typically appear in? As visual narrative forms like comics and their remediations become more ubiquitous, how do we read them and explicate what these forms have to offer in terms of meaning-making? One particularly compelling example can be found in The Photographer: Into War-Torn Afghanistan with Doctors Without Borders. This work incorporates a blend of media – such as prose, comics, and most especially photography – while eluding any easy designation into any one of those categories. Part travelogue and part photojournalism, The Photographer tells the story of Didier Lefevre’s travels with Doctors Without Borders in Afghanistan during the war between the Soviet Union and the Afghan Mujahideen. Drawing upon scholars such as Barthes, Mitchell, Bolter and Grusin, as well as assorted comics scholars and commentators, I contend in this article that by positioning text against drawing and each against photography, The Photographer calls attention to the potential hegemonic function of any one of these discursive modes. Using close reading and rhetorical analysis, I explicate how the notion of hybridity informs the rhetorical work of the book in terms of its authorial voice(s), its form, and its content. By destabilizing fixed categories of medial and cultural identity, The Photographer enables its subjects to take on a sort of humanity than might otherwise be available to them in more traditional modes of representation and enables different forms of immediacy for its readers.
Peculiar features of obesity and metabolic disorders in the children presenting with Prader-Willi syndrome
Authors: Volevodz N N , Bogova E A , Nemtsova M V , Ermakova M A , Chernova T O , Sazonova N I
Published: January 2015

Aim. The nalysis of peculiar features of obesity and metabolic disorders in the children presenting with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Results of clinical, hormonal, and metabolic studies are presented obtained by the observation of 45 children of the prepubertal age suffering from obesity despite the normal body weight. The control group was comprised of 47 children presenting with exogenous constitutional obesity. The percent content of fatty mass in the patients with PWS and obesity was higher than in those with exogenous constitutional obesity (p=0.01) despite a similar degree of obesity. In contrast, the percent content of lean mass in the patients of the former group was significantly smaller (p<0.01). The prevalence of insulin resistance among the children with PWS and obesity was 11.1% compared with 42.5% in those with exogenous constitutional obesity (p=0.013). The blood leptin level, occurrence of dyslipidemia. and percent content of fatty mass in the children with PWS in the absence of obesity were similar to those in the patients with exogenous constitutional obesity.
The potential of nuclear medicine for the detection of osteomyelitis in the patients presenting with diabetic foot syndrome
Authors: Zavadovskaya V D , Zorkal’tsev M A , Kilina O Yu , Saprina T V , Popov K M , Vorozhtsova I N , Kurazhov A P , Zamyshevskaya M A , Udodov V D
Published: January 2015

The present study was designed to estimate the informative value of three-phase scintiography and scintiography with labeled lymphocytes for the detection of the pyoinflammatory process in the patients presenting with the neuropathic, ischemic, and mixed forms of diabetic foot syndrome.
The state of the testis in the boys presenting with cryptorchism during the mini-pubertal period
Authors: Raigorodskaya N Yu , Bolotova N V , Morozov D A , Zakharova N B
Published: January 2015

The period of transitory postnatal activation of the hypotalamo-pitutary-gonadal axis (mini-puberty) plays an important role in the testicular maturation and the development of the reproductive system. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the functional condition of the testicles in the boys at the age of 2-3 months born with cryptorchism. A total of 32 boys presenting with inguinal retention of the testes (group 1), 10 patients with unilateral abdominal criptorchism (group 2), and 40 healthy boys ages 2-3 month (control group) were available for the clinical examination and hormonal analysis. The methods employed in the study included orchidometry and genitometry, meagurement of serum gonadotropin, testosterone, and inhibin B levels by immunoenzyme assays. The results investigations made it possible to diagnose gonadal pathology in 80% of the examinad children presenting with unilateral abdominal cryptorchism and subclinical disorders of the testicular function in 40% of the patients with inguinal retention of a testicle.
The state of the vascular system in the children and adolescents presenting with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Bolotova N V , Posokhova N V , Novikova E P , Dronova E G , Evseeva E A
Published: January 2015

It was studied the state of the vascular wall at metabolic syndrome (MS) in children and adolescents. The study included two groups of children: 45 people with MS and 25 patients with simple obesity. With the help of the device Vasotens assessed indicators of vascular stiffness: pulse wave velocity in the aorta, the indices of stiffness and augmentation of the peripheral arteries and the aorta, the maximum rate of rise in blood pressure. The study showed that 70% of children with MS increased arterial stiffness and thickness of the vascular wall. The rigidity of the vascular wall in children with MS revealed a 3.5 times more likely than children with simple obesity. Pulse wave velocity is a predictor of hypertension and has a high correlation with SDS IMT.
Autoimmune polyglandular syndromes in the adults: the genetic and immunological diagnostic criteria
Authors: Larina A A , Troshina E A , Ivanova O N
Published: January 2015

At present, four main types of autoimmune polyglandular syndromes (APS) are distinguished. Type 1 APS is associated with candidiasis, primary hypoparathyroidism, and primary adrenal insufficiency developing in the childhood as a result of mutations in the AIRE gene. Type 2 APS involves primary adrenal insufficiency in combination with autoimmune thyroid diseases and/or type 1 diabetes mellitus. Type 3 APS is characterized by the combination of autoimmune thyroid diseases with other endocrine and non-endocrine autoimmune pathologies in the absence of adrenal cortical dysfunction and hypoparathyriodism. Type 4 APS is presented by the combinations of autoimmune diseases other than the aforementioned ones. The above syndromes usually manifest themselves at the age between 20 and 60 years; they are of the polygenic type and associated with the genetic markers, such as HLAII-complex haplotypes, CTLA-4, PTPN22, FOXP3 genes, etc. In addition, the latent forms of APS have been described that occur in the populations much more frequently than the manifest disorders. These latent diseases can exert strong influence on the compensation and risk of complications of the underlying pathology. Of great importance in this context is the timely identification of the groups of patients at risk of developing clinical forms of APS among the subjects presenting with a single endocrine pathology.
Federal clinical recommendations on diagnostics and treatment of Graves' disease in the children
Authors: Bezlepkina O B
Published: January 2015

Graves' disease is rather rare occurrence in the childhood, with the girls being the most frequently affected gender. The draft clinical guidelines on diagnostics and treatment of Graves' disease in the children and adolescents are proposed for the extensive discussion. The guidelines are intended for pediatric endocrinologists, pediatrists, surgeons, and specialists in radioisotope therapy.
Foreign Body Stone of the Ureter Originated from the Suture Thread: A Case Report
Authors: Dursun Murat , Danis Eyyup , Otunctemur Alper , Ozbek Emin
Published: January 2015

Foreign bodies placed into the ureter are uncommon. Unintentionally placed nonabsorbable sutures may cause obstruction and stone formation. If not recognized, the patient may become symptomatic. We present a diagnosis of a rare case from Turkey, in which a ureter stone was formed by a nonabsorbable suture in a male patient with a previous laparotomy.
Politically connected polluters under smog
Authors: Wang Yuhua
Published: January 2015

I conduct an event study of an exogenous pollution shock-smog in the winter of 2013 to examine how the market values of firms in polluting industries and environmental protecting industries, respectively, responded in “the world's worst polluter”: China. I first show that politically connected polluters, defined by having at least one board member who was a former local bureaucrat, are more likely to be state owned and in debt. During the 21 days of the smog, polluters experienced a cumulative abnormal return of −5.38%, while protectors had a cumulative abnormal return of 3.50%. However, politically connected polluters were less susceptible to the shock: they experienced a 1% greater positive abnormal return than unconnected polluters. Connected protectors also benefited from a greater 1% abnormal return than unconnected protectors. The findings imply that environmental disasters have distributional effects, and support a theory that links rent-seeking behavior to pollution.
The Intra-Cochlear Impedance-Matrix (IIM) test for the Nucleus® cochlear implant
Authors: Hey Matthias , Böhnke Britta , Dillier Norbert , Hoppe Ulrich , Eskilsson Gunnar , Löwgren Karolina , Cullington Helen , Mauch Herbert , Müller-Deile Joachim
Published: January 2015

To describe the principles and operation of a new telemetry-based function test for the Nucleus

The IIM test measures bipolar impedances between all electrode pairs and employs a normalization procedure based on common ground impedances in order to identify abnormal current paths among electrodes. Six European clinics collected IIM data from a total of 192 devices.

Reproducibility was high between initial and repeat measurements. The normative analysis demonstrated narrow ranges among devices after normalization of impedance data. The IIM is able to identify abnormal current paths that are not evident from standard impedance telemetry and may otherwise only be found utilising average electrode voltage measurements (AEV).

The IIM test was found to be straightforward to perform clinically and demonstrated reproducible data with narrow ranges in normally-functioning devices. Because this test uses a very low stimulation level the IIM test is well suited for children or multiply handicapped CI users who cannot reliably report on their auditory percepts. The new algorithms show potential to improve implant integrity testing capabilities if implemented in future clinical software.
Relevance of EDTA carryover during blood collection
Authors: Cadamuro Janne , Felder Thomas Klaus , Oberkofler Hannes , Mrazek Cornelia , Wiedemann Helmut , Haschke-Becher Elisabeth
Published: January 2015

The order of draw is regarded as a preanalytical issue to prevent carryover of additives during blood collection. Our objective was to prove the theory of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) carryover for a closed vacuum system and the influence of EDTA on concentrations of selected biomarkers.

To test the carryover of EDTA, a blood collection with tripotassium EDTA (K

No EDTA contamination was detected in samples collected subsequent to a K

An EDTA carryover during blood collection using a closed vacuum system is highly unlikely. Even if carryover of EDTA whole blood occurs, an absolute volume larger than 10 μL would be necessary to alter test results. However, contamination of samples with preloaded pure K
Synthesis and biological evaluation of new 3-(4-substituted phenyl)aminoquinoxaline derivatives as anticancer agents
Authors: Thabit Mohamed G. , El Bialy Serry A.A. , Nasr Magda N.A.
Published: January 2015

Quinoxaline derivatives 4–11 were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro growth inhibitory activities against liver carcinoma cell line (HEPG2) using the sulforhodiamine B assay. The synthesis was achieved by reaction of 2,3-dichloroquinoxalines 2a,b with 4-aminoacetophenone to give the corresponding compounds 3a,b. Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction of 3a,b with furfuraldehyde gave enones 4a,b, which were transformed into pyridines 6a,b, 8a,b, isoxazolines 9a,b, pyrazolines 10a–d, and pyrimidines 11a,b
via several synthetic routes. Virtual screening was carried out by molecular modeling evaluation of the designed compounds. Biological evaluation of the prepared compounds showed that most of the synthesized compounds exhibit more than 50% growth inhibitory.
Predictors of violence and depression: the case of adolescents in Turkey
Authors: Çiftçi Ali , Kasapoglu Aytul
Published: January 2015

Violence is a leading problem that has a negative impact on daily living. Today, it continues to be an important topic owing to its widespread occurrence, especially among the youth. The main objective of this study is to specify the predictors that influence violence and depression observed among youth aged 15–18 years. While some of these factors are individual (age, gender, flirting, sports. etc.), the subjects’ background, such as the family’s education level, sibling number, etc., were investigated as social and environmental factors. In the survey, data were obtained from 109 high school students receiving education in a private teaching institution using a structured questionnaire technique. With regards the reliability of the survey, equal numbers of boys and girls were chosen from each year in high school lasting for 4 years. After asking questions that aim to obtain students’ sociodemographic features, their depression level was surveyed using the Beck Depression Scale; meanwhile, the Violence Tendency Scale was used to survey their tendency to be violent. Findings revealed that some individual and domestic features of adolescents have significant impacts on their tendencies towards violence and depression.
Locally Epistatic Genomic Relationship Matrices for Genomic Association and Prediction
Authors: Akdemir Deniz , Jannink Jean-Luc
Published: January 2015

In plant and animal breeding studies a distinction is made between the genetic value (additive plus epistatic genetic effects) and the breeding value (additive genetic effects) of an individual since it is expected that some of the epistatic genetic effects will be lost due to recombination. In this article, we argue that the breeder can take advantage of the epistatic marker effects in regions of low recombination. The models introduced here aim to estimate local epistatic line heritability by using genetic map information and combining local additive and epistatic effects. To this end, we have used semiparametric mixed models with multiple local genomic relationship matrices with hierarchical designs. Elastic-net postprocessing was used to introduce sparsity. Our models produce good predictive performance along with useful explanatory information.
COSTA RICA WITHOUT BORDERS #10
Authors: Aragón-Vargas Luis Fernando
Published: January 2015

In this section we publish the Spanish version of abstracts from original articles in other languages, published by researchers from Costa Rican universities in different journals around the world. We include the citation to the original work, together with a brief description about where the study took place. The journals must be peer-reviewed and have a formal editorial board. These abstracts are from studies related to exercise and health sciences and follow the same general criteria applying to other articles in Pensar en Movimiento.
EFEITO DO USO DE ÁGUA CINZA SOBRE A VAZÃO DE UM MICROASPERSOR DINÂMICO
Authors: Oliveira Erika Fabiana de , Cruz Raimundo Leite , Pletsch Talita Aparecida , Mazzer Helton Rogério , Salomão Leandro Caixeta
Published: January 2015

O trabalho foi realizado no Laboratório de Ensaio de Equipamentos de Irrigação do Departamento de Engenharia Rural da Universidade Estadual Paulista FCA- UNESP de Botucatu – SP, teve como objetivo avaliar, em bancada, a vazão de um  microaspersor dinâmico com vazão nominal de 43L h-1, antes e após o uso com água cinza.Na primeira fase da pesquisa 25 emissores novos foram separados aleatoriamente e realizados ensaios com água limpa, nas pressões de 50 a 300 kPa .Numa segunda fase os emissores foram submetidos a 1000h operando com água cinza. Ao término desse tempo, novamente foram submetidos às condições de ensaio inicial, para avaliar o efeito da água de reuso sobre a vazão média do microaspersor.Ao final pode-se observar que a vazão média dos emissores, depois de usados, diminuiu em relação a vazão dos emissores antes do uso em 6,6%, o coeficiente de variação após o uso ficou em 5,1 %, aumentado em relação ao coeficiente de fabricação inicial que foi de 4,3%;  o R² caiu de 0,9946 para 0,9898 e o microaspersor continuou com uma boa classificação, de acordo com as normas da ABNT e ASAE.   UNITERMOS: microaspersor; reúso; água cinza     OLIVEIRA, E. F.; CRUZ, R.L.; PLETSCH, T. A.; MAZZER, H. R.; SALOMÃO, L. C. EFFECT OF THE EFFECT OF USING GRAY WATER ON THE FLOW OF A DYNAMIC MICROSPRINKLER     2 ABSTRACT   The work was realized at the “Laboratório de Ensaio de Equipamentos de Irrigação do Departamento de Engenharia Rural da Universidade Estadual Paulista FCA- UNESP de Botucatu – SP”, it aims evaluated in bench, the flow of a microsprinkler flow with dynamic nominal 43L h-1, before and after the use of gray water. In the first phase were 25 new emiters were separated and performed tests with clean water, at pressures from 50 to 300 kPa. In a second phase the emitters have been submitted 1000h operating with gray water. At the end of this time,  the emitters were submitted again into conditions of initial essay, to evaluate the new costume water effect on medium flow from microsprinkler. At the end we can see that the average flow of the emitters, after use, has declined compared to the emitters discharge before use in 6,6%, the coefficient of variation after use was 5,1%, increased in proportion the coefficient of initial production was 4,3%, the R ² fell from 0.9946 to 0.9898 and the microsprinkler continued with a high rating, according to the ABNT and ASAE. KEYWORDS: microsprinkler, reuse, gray water