bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Benefits and Challenges of Clinical Nurse Educator Roles: A Qualitative Exploratory Study
Authors: Nuryani Siluh Nyoman Alit , Arnyana Ida Bagus Putu , Parwati Ni Nyoman , Dantes Gede Rasben , Juanamasta I Gede
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: The nurse will successfully apply high quality of care if maintaining their comptencies. The quality of nursing care is dynamic, and competency is needed to be adapted. Besides, The presence of clinical nurse educator (CNE) able to strengthen nurses’ knowledge and skill in the clinical setting. AIM: This study aimed to explore the benefits and challenges of CNEs. METHODS: A qualitative exploratory design was used in this study. Data were collected by focus group discussion with eight CNEs at Sanglah General Hospital Bali. Content analysis was used for analyzing the data. RESULTS: The findings of this study suggest certain advantages for the hospital, such as continuing professional education and becoming a role model. Greater incentive to learn, as well as personal rewards such as increased self-confidence, being appreciated, and trust. A lack of support from management related to educational preparation for this function, the ambiguous role, the necessity to continue giving direct care, and the CNE ratio with the number of nurses is not equal were some of the challenges that arose. CONCLUSION: CNEs serve a critical role in the clinical context. They help nurses with ongoing education and competency maintenance. While numerous excellent outcomes have developed for hospitals and CNEs personally, many of them confront several obstacles in fulfilling their work properly.
Exploration the Needs of Nursing Care of Drugs Addiction Service Institutions in Indonesia
Authors: Susanti Herni , Wardani Ice Yulia , Fitriani Nurlaila , Kurniawan Kurniawan
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: To explores the nurses and health professionals' views about the need for nursing care for drug addiction clients.
AIM  To explores the nurses and health professionals' views about the need of nursing care to care for drug addiction clients.
METHODOLOGY: This study used qualitative research and the data collection used interviews. The study involved ten nurses and ten health profession recruited from the three government centres of addiction services in the capital city of Indonesia. The analysis of the data using thematic analysis. 
RESULTS: There were four themes Gray Area between Nurses and Other Health Workers in handling clients, The Role of Drug Addiction Nurses, Challenges and Strategies in caring for addiction clients and hopes. 
CONCLUSION: Nurses in carrying out their duties must be equipped with knowledge, attitudes and special skills. The presence of a psychiatric nurse in the setting of drug addiction services needs to be considered a step in resolving the dilemma of drug addiction nursing services in Indonesia. Exceptional guidance and training for nurses in drug addiction services must be provided to improve nurses' knowledge, skills, abilities, and behaviour in handling drugs addiction clients.
Capabilities of Digital Software for Creating a 3D Printed Retainer
Authors: Shopova Dobromira , Yordanova Miroslava , Yordanova Svetlana
Published: January 2022

INTRODUCTION: The retention phase of orthodontic treatment is an important phase to prevent teeth returning to their initial position. An innovative solution for creating a retainer is through 3D printing by digital design.

AIM: The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the capabilities of digital software in the creation of stabilization splint, type retainer, and after orthodontic treatment.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: An intraoral scan of an orthodontically treated patient (18 years) was performed. A Trios Color scanner (3Shape) was used. 3Shape Dental system design – splint studio was used for file processing and design creation. The method of 3D printing was applied to make the retainer. With this method, the objects are created layer by layer from melted material with different nature. It was made by Dental LT Clear Resin (a biocompatible material) with Formlabs Form 2 printer.

RESULTS: Depending on the selected thickness of the retainer and the position of the lower jaw, the software generates different distances between the dentitions. The digital design allows a change of 0.1 mm, which is impossible with a classic laboratory protocol. The resulting printed retainer fully meets our expectations – tooth adaptation, patient comfort, and aesthetics.

CONCLUSION: Digital software and design provide many opportunities for modern orthodontics.
Les petites entreprises du grand reportage
Authors: Berthaut Jérôme , Noûs Camille
Published: January 2022

L’étude du fonctionnement des agences de presse audiovisuelle et des sociétés de production qui travaillent comme sous-traitants des magazines de reportages de la télévision française offre une perspective inédite pour saisir les transformations induites par l’emprise croissante des logiques économiques sur l’espace journalistique. Basée sur un corpus de reportages, une quarantaine d’entretiens avec des professionnels et trois ethnographies en agences, cette recherche replace d’abord le développement de ces émissions et de l’externalisation des productions dans l’évolution des rapports de concurrence liée à la libéralisation du secteur de l’audiovisuel. Elle précise ensuite comment la dépendance aux diffuseurs et l’impératif de rentabilité des sous-traitants se réfractent dans l’organisation du travail et l’ajustement des dispositions professionnelles. Enfin, l’analyse pointe les effets paradoxaux sur les représentations et les conditions de travail de la diversification de ces agences dans la production de programmes longs et de documentaires, y compris pour les plateformes SVOD.
Bayesian comparative statics
Authors: Mekonnen Teddy , Vizcaíno René Leal
Published: January 2022

We study how changes to the informativeness of signals in Bayesian games and single‐agent decision problems affect the distribution of equilibrium actions. Focusing on supermodular environments, we provide conditions under which a more precise private signal for one agent leads to an increasing‐mean spread or a decreasing‐mean spread of equilibrium actions for all agents. We apply our comparative statics to information disclosure games between a sender and many receivers and derive sufficient conditions on the primitive payoffs that lead to extremal disclosure of information.
Influence of Students’ Entrepreneurial Psychological Capital on Entrepreneurial Exploratory Learning under the Background of Extended Reality (XR)
Authors: Liu Zhe
Published: January 2022

Students can carry out exploratory learning of entrepreneurial knowledge by reducing costs and improving efficiency. At the same time, this technology can bring new immersive experience to students and provide them with the opportunity to become the designer and creator of entrepreneurial knowledge. Based on the theory of emotion and social cognition, this study puts forward the research model of students' entrepreneurial psychological capital on entrepreneurial exploratory learning. XR technology also tests whether students' entrepreneurial psychological capital plays an intermediary role in promoting entrepreneurial exploratory learning. The results show that Cronbach α The coefficient is 0.844, the kmo value is 0.787, and the significance is 0.000, indicating that the designed questionnaire has good reliability and validity. XR technology plays a complete intermediary role in the positive promotion of students' entrepreneurial psychological capital society to students' entrepreneurial exploratory learning. This study is of great significance for understanding the important value of XR technology in exploratory learning, enriching the application research of psychological capital in the field of entrepreneurship, and innovating the teaching mode of students' Entrepreneurship Education from the perspective of psychological capital.
Stock Price Prediction Based on Data Mining Combination Model
Authors: Chang To-Han , Wang Nientsu , Chuang Wen-Bin
Published: January 2022

Predicting stock indexes is a common concern in the financial world. This work uses neural network, support vector machine (SVM), mixed data sampling (MIDAS), and other methods in data mining technology to predict the daily closing price of the next 20 days and the monthly average closing price of the future expected daily closing price on the basis of the market performance of stock prices. Additionally, by the mutual ratio of weighted mean square error the study achieves the best prediction result. Combining value investment effectively with nonlinear models, a complete stock forecasting model is established, and empirical research is conducted on it. Results indicate that SVM and MIDAS have good results for stock price forecasting. Among them, MIDAS has a better mid-term forecast, which is approximately 10% higher than the forecast accuracy of the SVM model; Meanwhile, SVM is more accurate in the short-term forecast.
Multidisciplinary management in type 2 inflammatory disease
Authors: Senna Gianenrico , Micheletto Claudio , Piacentini Giorgio , Schiappoli Michele , Girolomoni Giampiero , Sala Giovanna , Allievi Elisa Gaia , Stassaldi Annalisa
Published: January 2022

Greater understanding of molecular pathophysiology has led to the recognition that an excessive type 2 inflammatory response is at the basis of the pathophysiology of several inflammatory diseases including atopic dermatitis (AD), asthma, and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Given the availability of biological agents that can permit management of specific disease endotypes, this reinforces the need for detailed characterization of these diseases through a multidisciplinary approach. Herein, these three conditions are briefly overviewed and practical guidance for a multidisciplinary approach to management is presented. Since type 2 inflammation is suppressed by steroids, drugs such as glucocorticoids have long been the workhorse of medical therapy. However, steroids have well-known local and systemic adverse effects, especially when used at high doses over prolonged periods of time, which is problematic when treating chronic diseases such as AD, asthma, and CRSwNP. Moreover, a substantial proportion of patients remain refractive to therapy. In the attempt to overcome these limitations, greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms of type 2 inflammation have led to the development of targeted biological drugs such as dupilumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody that targets the α chain of the IL-4 receptor. Dupilumab represents a unique therapy for type 2 inflammatory diseases and to date is the only therapy approved for AD, asthma, and CRSwNP. In terms of multidisciplinary management of type 2 inflammatory conditions, the main healthcare professionals involved include a dermatologist, pneumologist or allergologist, and ENT specialist. The model proposed herein takes into account the complex management of patients with type 2 inflammatory conditions and the new biological agents available. A multidisciplinary team can provide a central point for patient management, improve outcomes and specialist referrals, reduce costs, and guarantee that the most appropriate therapeutic decisions are made, as well as aid in management of adverse events. The multidisciplinary model should be structured and dedicated, but at the same time simple and flexible in order to not risk slowing down the patient's care. At present, it is believed that a structured multidisciplinary approach is currently the best means to optimize care of patients with type 2 inflammatory conditions.
Survey of the perception and presence of bias in the Italian judicial system
Authors: Mastronardi Vincenzo M. , Gasperini Annasofia
Published: January 2022

It is now evident that the Italian judicial system is full of defects and gaps. There is an urgent need to implement reforms with which to limit judicial error. One of the biggest problems is the presence of prejudice that leads to the fulfilment of unjust sentences. Through the administration of an anonymous questionnaire, an attempt was made to investigate the perception and presence of prejudice in people who carry out a profession within the judiciary. A further objective is the creation of a personological profile of the typical magistrate. The main intent is to raise awareness and make professionals aware of the problems present throughout the judicial system and to be able to provide a pulse to implement changes and renovations aimed to creating a better society.
Victim blaming and slut shaming: when the victim is criminalized, not the sex offender
Authors: Nemesu Aurelia V.
Published: January 2022

The phenomenon of sexual abuse and violence has always existed in our society, as in others, and is more or less tolerated depending on the historical context in which it is framed. Since the 1980s, scholars have begun to investigate the phenomenon of victim blaming in relation to gender-based violence and, more specifically, in relation to sexual violence. These researches have provided numerous evidence that the attribution of blame to victims of violence is a dis-perception in the eyes of the percipients, whose judgments are significantly influenced by false beliefs and stereotypes about violence and the characteristics of the actors involved. The objective of this article is to provide an analysis of the phenomenon of victim blaming, or the attribution of blame to victims, in the event of violence by sex offenders, proposing a reflection on the victimization processes and the dynamics that underlie them, whose reading cannot only be criminological, psychological and juridical but which also requires a purely sociological reading. Particular attention was also given to the way in which victims of sexual assault are exploited by the mass media, and to the notion of sexual violence against men and the possible false reports.
Symmetry-Based Brain Abnormality Detection Using Machine Learning
Authors: Al-Azawi Mohammad
Published: January 2022

Medical image processing, which includes many applications such as magnetic resonance image (MRI) processing, is one of the most significant fields of computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) systems. the detection and identification of abnormalities in the magnetic resonance imaging of the brain is one of the important applications that uses magnetic resonance imaging and digital image processing techniques. In this study, we present a method that relies on the symmetry and similarity between the two lobes of the brain to determine if there are any abnormalities in the brain because tumours cause deformations in the shape of one of the lobes, which affects this symmetry. The proposed approach overcomes the challenge arising from different shapes of brain images of different people, which poses an obstacle to some approaches that rely on comparing one person’s brain image with other people's brain images. In the proposed method the image of the brain is divided into two parts, one for the left lobe and the other for the right lobe. Some measures are extracted from the features of the image of each lobe separately and the distance between the corresponding metrics are calculated. These distances are used as the independent variables of the classification algorithm which determines the class to which the brain belongs. Metrics extracted from various features, such as colour and texture, were studied, discussed and used in the classification process. The proposed algorithm was applied to 366 images from standard datasets and four classifiers were tested namely Naïve Bayes (NB), random forest (RF), logistic regression (LR), and support vector machine (SVM). The obtained results from these classifiers have been discussed thoroughly and it was found that the best results were obtained from RF classifiers where the accuracy was 98.2%. Finally, The results obtained and the limitations were discussed and benchmarked with state-of-the-art approaches.
The Effect of Healthcare Worker Density on Maternal Health Service Utilization in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Rosser Joelle I. , Aluri Kelly Z. , Kempinsky Arielle , Richardson Shannon , Bendavid Eran
Published: January 2022

Facility births and antenatal care (ANC) are key to improving maternal health. This study evaluates the relationship between physician and nurse/midwife densities and the use of key maternal health services across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The authors matched individual-level maternal health service indicators from Demographic and Health Surveys between 2008 and 2017, to country-level physician and nurse/midwife per-capita densities, across 35 SSA countries. The authors performed univariate and multivariate probit regression analyses to evaluate the association between healthcare worker (HCW) densities and facility births as our primary outcome and with additional ANC services as secondary outcomes. We controlled for established maternal health predictors, including literacy, child marriage, reported problems accessing healthcare, GDP per capita, political instability, and government effectiveness scores. HCW density across SSA was low at 0.13 physicians and 0.91 nurses/midwives per 1,000 people, compared with 2010 worldwide mean densities of 1.33 and 3.07, respectively. The probability of facility birth increased by 9.8% (95% CI: 2.1–17.5%) for every additional physician per 1,000 people and 8.9% (95% CI: 7.1–9.7%) for every additional nurse/midwife per 1,000 people. HCW densities were also associated with increased likelihood of ANC by the respective provider type, and with antenatal testing for preeclampsia (urine and blood pressure checks). Other ANC services demonstrated variable relationships with HCW densities based on provider type. In 35 SSA countries, HCW density was positively associated with many key measures of maternal health service utilization including facility birth and ANC testing for preeclampsia.
Pass-Thru Extended Feature - Single Wire CAN
Authors:   Vehicle E E System Diagnostic Standards Committee
Published: January 2022

This SAE Recommended Practice is part of the SAE J2534-2/X_0500 set of documents that extends the SAE J2534-1_0500 API (version 05.00) specification, and defines how to implement single wire CAN (SW CAN) within the SAE J2534 API framework. This document details only the changes from SAE J2534-1_0500 and items not specifically detailed in this document are assumed to have not changed.

An SAE J2534-2/1_0500 interface shall be compliant to the single wire CAN feature only when all the required functionality in this SAE Recommended Practice is implemented. Any functionality not required for compliance will be specifically marked as “optional” in this document.

This document must be used in conjunction with the SAE J2534-2/BA_0500 and SAE J2534-2/RE_0500 documents.
Pass-Thru Extended Feature - SAE J1708
Authors:   Vehicle E E System Diagnostic Standards Committee
Published: January 2022

This SAE Recommended Practice is part of the SAE J2534-2/X_0500 set of documents that extends the SAE J2534-1_0500 API (version 05.00) specification, and defines how to implement SAE J1708 within the SAE J2534 API framework. This document details only the changes from SAE J2534-1_0500 and items not specifically detailed in this document are assumed to have not changed.

An SAE J2534-2/6_0500 interface shall be compliant to the SAE J1708 feature only when all the required functionality in this SAE Recommended Practice is implemented. Any functionality not required for compliance will be specifically marked as “optional” in this document.

This document must be used in conjunction with the SAE J2534-2/BA_0500 and SAE J2534-2/RE_0500 documents.
Emergy-based comparative analysis of an ecological economy in the Yangtze River Delta
Authors: Wang Cui , Liu Fan , Wang Yuan
Published: January 2022

The Yangtze River Delta (YRD) has abundant regional advantages. Its rapid economic development plays an essential strategic role in China's overall growth; however, this place significantly pressurized on resources and the environment. Accordingly, this study developed an evaluation index and system of sustainable development for a green economic system based on the emergy theory. Moreover, comparative analyses were made according to the present ecological–socioeconomic systems of the YRD. The results indicated a large gap between the production efficiencies of the three provinces and a single city in the YRD. The highest emergy yield ratio was in Anhui Province, but the corresponding emergy yield per capita and emergy output density was the lowest; the environmental load ratios were all > 10, which is considered a high load; the sustainable development indices were all < 1, which represents a state of unsustainable development. According to the present research results, suggestions for the sustainable development of the YRD were put forth here. This research provides theoretical and methodological support for the sustainable development of an ecological economy in the YRD. It can serve as a decision-making reference for China to achieve the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutralization.
Bayesian Updating in Property Protection System
Authors: Kampová Katarína , Loveček Tomáš
Published: January 2022

The article focuses on the implementation of the Bayesian updating method in creating a model of the protection system. This implementation makes it possible to incorporate the new information obtained during the lifetime of the protection system. The inclusion of new information ultimately makes it possible to refine the results of the model and thus increase its effectiveness to support decision-making. The approach of using the Bayesian updating method is given in a specific example. The possibility of expert estimation of input parameter values and application of Bayesian updating for the purposes of quantitative revision of security level assessment is also presented.
Violencia virtual contra el colectivo LGBTIQ+: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Lozano-Blasco Raquel , Soto-Sánchez Alberto
Published: January 2022

El presente trabajo muestra la vulnerabilidad del colectivo LGBTIQ+ a la hora de recibir agresiones a través de las nuevas tecnologías, en lo que se conoce como cyberbullyng, ciberacoso o violencia virtual, por no ajustarse a un perfil heteronormativo, observándose este tipo de agresiones también en instituciones educativas que muestran acciones y políticas basadas en estereotipos no inclusivos. La revisión se ha llevado a cabo mediante una búsqueda en diversas bases de datos científicas y un análisis siguiendo el manual de revisiones sistemáticas de Cochrane, en Higgins y Green y PRISMA. Se concluye que cyberbulliyng LGBTIQ+ fóbico muestra una prevalencia creciente en los últimos años, con importantes consecuencias socioemocionales y conductuales para el colectivo vulnerable, que hacen necesaria una intervención en materia de sensibilización y concienciación dentro los centros educativos.
Vulnerabilidad, opresión e injusticia social: el caso de la diversidad funcional desde la perspectiva de Iris Marion Young
Authors: Mira-Aladrén Marta , Lozano-Blasco Raquel
Published: January 2022

La teoría de Iris Marion Young critica la definición de justicia social en términos únicamente distributivos, apostando por una concepción que contemple el reconocimiento. Para ello, se apoya en conceptos como grupo social, opresión, espacio público y una crítica al ideal de imparcialidad. A partir de esta visión, este trabajo pretende dar respuesta a diferentes preguntas en relación con la situación de vulnerabilidad, opresión e injusticia social que viven las personas en situación de discapacidad. Se aportan visiones desde la filosofía y desde la psicología social que permitan comprender qué es la injusticia en términos de reconocimiento, cómo se reproduce, cómo afecta a la diversidad funcional y cómo combatirla. Todo ello, da como resultado una reflexión que sirve de base para el replanteamiento de propuestas como la de Nussbaum, que van más allá de las propuestas o modificaciones formales, basándose en la relevancia del espacio público y las relaciones informales.
Including the Excluded
Authors: Henderson Paul
Published: January 2022

This book provides an in-depth study of how community development can contribute to tackling social exclusion. Examples from policy and practice in the UK, Spain, Belgium, Sweden and Norway are discussed, with additional information from Denmark, Ireland and Hungary.
Senior Citizenship?
Authors: Ackers Louise , Dwyer Peter
Published: January 2022

Debates about citizenship in Europe are increasingly topical as the EU expands. This book charts the development of mobility and welfare rights for retired people moving or returning home under the Free Movement of Persons provisions. It raises important issues around the future of social citizenship in an increasingly global and mobile world.
Gender, Pensions and the Lifecourse
Authors: Ginn Jay
Published: January 2022

This ground-breaking book examines how shifting gender relations in successive cohorts interact with pension reforms, raising questions about distributional equity in the context of gendered familial responsibilities. New patterns of pension advantage are emerging, influenced by partnership status, parenthood, class and ethnicity.
Social Work and Irish People in Britain
Authors: Garrett Paul Michael
Published: January 2022

Dominant social work and social care discourses on 'race' and ethnicity often fail to incorporate an Irish dimension. This book challenges this omission and provides new insights into how social work has engaged with Irish children and their families, historically and to the present day.
Learning for Life
Authors: Hargreaves David H.
Published: January 2022

Working within the spirit of David Blunkett's visionary foreword to The Learning Age: A New Renaissance for Britain (1998), David H. Hargreaves' analysis challenges the myth that lifelong learning can or should be separated from school education. What changes are needed for the culture and process of lifelong learning to become a reality?
OPINIONS OF CHILDREN AGED 7-12 ON THEIR SOCIAL LIVES AND FRIENDLY RELATIONS DURING THE PANDEMIC PERIOD
Authors: ACUNER Deniz , ŞEKERCİ Neşe , AKSOY Büşra , PARKIN Güner , YILDIZ Elif , KALEMOĞLU Aleyna , TÜFEK Kübra
Published: January 2022

The aim of this research is to examine the views of children between the ages 7 and 12 about their social relations during the Covid-19 process and also to reveal what effect this pandemic process has on their social lives. The data, for this purpose, were collected by using a semi- structured questionnaire and in-depth interwies with 15 studens between the years of 2020 and 2021. Those studens were educated between 1-7 classes of public primary and secondary schools and had a parental leave. The semi-structered questionnaire was created by researchers and consists a total of 11 questions. The interviews were hold up in face-to-face or online form and lasted approximately about 1-1,5 hours. 60% of the participants were girls, 40% were boys and their average age was 9,33 years. All of them are living in Istanbul, Turkey. This research used "Phenomenology Approach" under the qualitative research pattern. The data obtained were divided by descriptive analysis and content analysis. This achived data from the participants were coded 542 times under 32 headings as codes and subcodes. The creation of code frequencies, the determination and mapping of the relationsships between codes and subcodes were done by using the program MAXQDA 2020. The most encoded titels of this study are; "face-to-face meetings with friends", "face-to-face games or events" and "the longing before Covid-19". The least coded title was "cooking". The results of this research state that Covid-19 limited children's social relationshipd and has multiple negative effects on them. The study was concluded by giving various suggestions on that subject.
Bicitronik
Authors: De la Rosa Omar García , Estrada María de Lourdes Olivares , De la Rosa Héctor García , Leonardo Ceciliano Hernández
Published: January 2022

La bicicleta se ha convertido en un medio de transporte muy importante a nivel mundial, ya que en las grandes ciudades el uso masivo de vehículos con motores de combustión interna sobre todo en transporte público y particular han ocasionado muchos problemas de contaminación y daño al medio ambiente. Estos problemas han ocasionado que la bicicleta se convierta en un medio de transporte opcional para la población, con lo que se abaten los índices de contaminación porque no se quema combustible en este trabajo se modificó una bicicleta mediante un sistema electromecánico para que se pueda utilizar como medio de transporte económico, ecológico y social. La bicicleta parte del reposo con el operador impulsada por medio de los pedales y a partir de ese momento un alternador eléctrico comienza a producir energía, conforme se incremente la velocidad del móvil se incrementa también la velocidad en un interruptor centrífugo que va acoplado al alternador el cual, al llegar a su velocidad de disparo, energiza sus contactos, acoplando eléctricamente a un motor eléctrico el cuál releva la función del operador. Cuando el operador requiera detenerse o frenar solamente aplica los frenos y al perder velocidad el motor se desacoplará automáticamente volviendo al sistema a su estado original. Si se requiere nuevamente aumentar la velocidad solamente se pedalea y el sistema se acopla automáticamente.
Immunocytotoxic Effect of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Cassia occidentalis on Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Neutrophils
Authors: Hamid, K. M.  , Yakubu, A.,  , Sani, S. A.,  , Kalgo, M. U  , Isiyaku, A.  , Umahi, N. P. F.,  , Garba, Y. B.,  , Aliyu, M.  , Isah, S. Y.  , Abubakar, U.
Published: January 2022

The study evaluates the potential immunocytotoxic effect of aqueous leaf extract of Cassia occidentalis on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and Neutrophils. Different concentrations (25 µg/ml, 50 µg/ml, 100 µg/ml) of the extract were prepared.  Six millilitres (6ml) of peripheral blood from consented healthy volunteers was collected and PBMCs and neutrophils were isolated on Histopaque media. The viability of PBMCs and neutrophils was determined using trypan blue dye exclusion methods. One-way analysis of variance was used in analysing the results. Total viable cell count (TVCC) for PBMCs and neutrophils yielded 298.9 x 104 cells/ml and 327.9 x 104 cells/ml respectively. The TVCC of the highest concentration (100 µg/ml) of the extract used for the treatment of PBMCs was 192.7 x104 cells/ml and that of neutrophil was 50.47 x104 cells/ml equivalent to 82.51% and 61.71% mean viability percentages respectively. The PBMCs and neutrophils treated with 25 µg /ml of the extract have the highest mean percentage viability scores of 94.88% and 74.61% respectively. There was a significant difference in the mean percentage viability when control PBMCs was compared with those treated with 100 µg/ml (p<0.0001) and also when control neutrophils was compared with those treated with 25 µg /ml (p=0 .02), 50 µg /ml and 100 µg /ml (p<0.0001) respectively. The cell viability tends to decrease in a dose-dependent manner. The aqueous leaf extract of C. occidentalis has a potent cytotoxic effect on both cells, especially at a higher dose. The study recommends an in-depth study to improve the credence of the present study findings.
Comparative Analysis of Malaria Diagnosis Using Microscopy and Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) in Ijebu-Igbo North Local Government, Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Sherifat Tolulope Akindele  , Jumoke Bukunola Bilesanmi–Awoderu  , Opeyemi Olumuyiwa Otuewu  , Adetutu Mariam Adetunji
Published: January 2022

Malaria remains one of the greatest concerns for the African population. To curb malaria, certain strategies need to be adopted like a quick diagnosis of the parasite within the human body, maintenance of proper environmental hygiene and use of other control methods. Diagnosis of malaria is often achieved using Microscopy, Rapid Diagnostic Test and Molecular Technique. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of Microscopy and Rapid Diagnostic Testing in diagnosing malaria infection in patients at the General Hospital, Ijebu-Igbo, Ogun State, Nigeria which also falls under a malaria-endemic region using 150 study participants. Blood samples were collected from study participants having malaria symptoms using ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) container. The screening was done using microscopy method and Rapid Diagnostic Test. The data generated were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19. The statistical parameter that was used for the analysis of the data was Pearson's Chi-Square Test, P at 0.05. The result shows the prevalence of malaria obtained through microscopic examination was 120 (80%) considerably more than RDT 54 (36%). These findings confirmed that microscopy is the gold standard in malaria diagnosis due to its high sensitivity, which allows it to detect parasites even at low counts. However, RDT has a specificity of 93.3% and a sensitivity of 92.2%, indicating that it is also effective when the parasite load is high. However, when compared to RDT kits for malaria diagnosis, microscopic analysis showed a higher sensitivity (100%); nevertheless, RDT may be a useful tool for rapid intervention to avoid the dangers associated with delayed diagnosis.
Review on Microbial Degradation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Focus on Kinetics Modelling
Authors: Umar, Z.D.  , Yunusa, Y.R.
Published: January 2022

Many anthropogenic activities produce huge quantities of chemical pollutants that find their ways into the natural environment. Those chemicals can either be of organic or inorganic sources, depending on their originating compounds. Over the years, there had been research findings regarding the application of microorganisms to provide solutions in the environment. This becomes imperative as salient issues in researches on microbial bioremediation will be understood. This review focused more on Kinetics modeling during biodegradation of aromatic hydrocarbons and their nature and effect on the environment coupled with the conventional remediation techniques. Kinetics modeling during bioremediation predicts microbial activities through their mechanism of actions towards the targeted contaminants. This gives better understanding of the rate of chemical degradation through different variable parameters. Modeling the cultivation of degrading organisms can highlight the inhibitory properties of the cells involved. Therefore, specific microbial growth rates can be modeled at various initial concentrations of the involving substrates. Such could be achieved using secondary models of Monod, Teissier, Aiba, Haldane, Yano and Luong. The models can reveal the substrate inhibitory effects to the reduction rate (as in the case of Monod) or inhibitory to the substrate rates like in the other models. Many studies were recently conducted on modeling microbial growth. Hence, utilization of those models are the best evidence that indicate when the substrates are toxic or inhibitory to the microbes. This provides better understanding on the future researches regarding the bioremediation effectiveness on scientific arguments.
Evaluation of Haematological Parameters of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Grown in Biofloc System using Three Different Carbon Sources
Authors: Babatunde T. A.  , Muhammad M. A.  , Babangida A.  , Lawali A. A.
Published: January 2022

Biofloc Technology utilizes the addition of carbon sources to fish culture systems to allow the growth of bacteria, as well as aggregation of dead organic matter in the fish culture systems thereby permit continuous use of water. The use of biofloc for C. gariepinus culture has evaluated the growth, feed conversion and water quality. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of carbon sources on the haematological parameters of catfish in the biofloc system. The biofloc system was set-up at the Biological garden of Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, Katsina. A total of two hundred (200) fingerlings catfish with an average weight of 8.45 ± 1.6 g were randomly distributed in eight (8) plastic tanks at stocking densities of 1g/m3. Three carbon sources namely; corn flour, rice bran, and sorghum flour were used to support the flocculation and growth of catfish in the system. The fishes were fed uniformly with a commercial diet ad-libitum. After six weeks rearing period, the survival of fish in all treatments was not significantly different (p <0.005); control (94%); corn-flour (90%), sorghum flour (98%) and rice bran (96%). Total weight gain was significantly higher (p<0.005) in corn-flour biofloc treatment. The blood sample collected for haematological analysis showed a significant difference (p˂ 0.05) in the mean blood parameters with respect to park cell volume (PCV), white blood cell (WBC), and haemoglobin (mg/l) values. The PCV of the rice bran treatment (18.00%) was significantly lower (p˂0.05) compared with other treatments. White blood cell (WBC) was significantly higher in rice bran treatment (p ˂ 0.05). The result indicated that corn-flour and sorghum could be used as the carbon source in the biofloc system with no effect on haematological parameters.
Comparative Study and Analysis of Clotting Profiles Between Covid-19 And Non-Covid-19 Patients In Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna
Authors: Abdulfatai K  , Abdullahi B  , Jaafaru IA  , Ezeh JN  , Haruna DS  , Achi, MF
Published: January 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with coagulation abnormalities- disordered hemostasis and high thrombotic risk. The aim of the study was to compare and analyze the clotting profiles between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients in Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna. Conventional coagulation tests such as Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT), Prothrombin time (PT) and International normalized ratio (INR) were used to determine the coagulation in the respondents. Fifty (50) samples were collected for the test. Out of these samples collected, twenty five 25 were positive for COVID-19. Age group 61-70 had the highest percentage of positive cases 40% while age group 41-50 had the least percentage of positive cases 4% respectively. Concerning gender, males had the higher number of positive cases 15 than their female counterparts 10. All epidemiological and clinical data were collected; analyzed and comparative results were carried out. The presence of history of previous diseases was more among COVID-19 patients than non-COVID-19 patients. The clinical characteristics between COVID-19 and non COVID-19 patients showed similarities in body temperature, catarrh, headache, sore throat and sputum, but the presence of heavy cough was observed among COVID-19 patients. The clinical laboratory results showed significant difference (p<0.05) and positive correlation were found among the PT (0.17), APTT (0.12) and INR (0.08) between COVID-19 and non COVID-19 patients. These results are indications that there is need for more research in this area of study to know the clinical manifestation of COVID-19 virus among patients.
Incidence of Freshwater Aquatic Macrophytes in Relation to the Nutrients Content of Gwaigwaye and Mairuwa Reservoirs, Funtua, Nigeria
Authors: Lawal, N.,  , Kuiwa, T.S.,  , Jabbi, A.M.  , Aminu, A.M.
Published: January 2022

Studies were conducted between (September, 2017 to October, 2018) to investigate the variation in the compositional distribution of macrophyte communities in relation to the nutrient contents in the water and sediments of Mairuwa and Gwaigwaye reservoirs, Funtua located in the Northern vegetation of Nigeria. All the nutrients from sediments were analyzed using Standard procedures using Spectrophotometer, flame photometer and titration methods. Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Calcium were higher in Mairuwa reservoir than in Gwaigwaye; while Potassium on the other hand, was higher in Gwaigwaye than in Mairuwa reservoir. Magnesium was not detected in either of the two reservoirs. The modified method of flora collection was used with a random sampling technique. The correlation analysis indicated that the distribution and abundance of aquatic macrophyte composition were significantly (P<0.05) different. The overall community structure was made up of nine (9) from Mairuwa and eleven 11 species from Gwaigwaye reservoirs. Both the number of species present and the densities of such species were higher in Mairuwa than in Gwaigwaye reservoir. Four growth patterns of macrophytes were observed viz; Emergent macrophytes were the dominant (56.7%), Floating macrophytes (26.5%), submerged macrophytes (13.4%) and the least marginal macrophytes (3.4%). Similarly, species densities (stands per square metre) ranged from 1-29m, in Mairuwa, and 4-90m in Gwaigwaye. Implications of these trends to the well being of the two ecosytems are highlighted. Government and non-governmental organizations at all levels should ensure that the precious aquatic resources are solely protected by enacting laws against the anthropogenic action of the inhabitants in and around the catchment.
Liderazgo en empresas de servicios dentro de la industria petrolera bajo los requerimientos del COVID-19
Authors: Fernández Villalobos Fernando , Rada Esther
Published: January 2022

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el liderazgo en empresas de servicios dentro de la industria petrolera (Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A.) bajo los requerimientos del COVID-19, específicamente en el área Operacional del Occidente del país. La teoría consultada se sustentó principalmente en los autores Carneiro (2004), Chiavenato (2011) y (2017), Fernández (2005), Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Salud (2020), entre otros. La investigación fue de tipo descriptiva, de campo, no experimental. La población estuvo conformada por 46 líderes del personal administrativo, gerencial, supervisorio, operadores de maquinaria pesada, soldadores, fabricadores y obrero en general. La estadística de análisis fue la descriptiva y la confiabilidad del instrumento se acercó al 80% respectivamente. En la recolección de datos se utilizará la técnica de la encuesta y como instrumento el cuestionario con 5 preguntas básicas, cada una con 4 alternativas de respuesta. El cuestionario fue validado por los departamentos de SIHO, Ambiente, Gestión de la Calidad y Gerencia de primera línea de las empresas encuestadas. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron concluir, el nivel de compromiso de los líderes de las empresas de servicios que se encuentran dentro de la industria petrolera, para dar cumplimento a todos los aspectos relacionas a la dimensión bioseguridad, higiene y seguridad industrial, bajo los requerimientos el COVID-19.
Hasil Pemeriksaan Laboratorik pada Ibu Preeklampsia dengan Risiko Terjadinya Severe Maternal Morbidity
Authors: Utami Iis Tri , Hakimi Mohammad
Published: January 2022

Morbidity and mortality in preeclampsia are still very high. In order to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality, serious efforts are needed. Those efforts are prevention, early treatment, appropriate therapeutic management and laboratory assessment. That examination can predict the risk of preeclampsia in pregnant women to severe maternal morbidity. In this study, the researcher only examined laboratory assessment results, that are platelet examination, creatine and SGOT /AST. The research hypothesis of Severe Maternal Morbidity was found more in preeclamptic mothers whose laboratory results were abnormal compared to preeclamptic mothers whose laboratory results were normal. The sample of the study was all preeclampsia mothers from January 1st, 2014 to December 31st, 2017. The abnormal laboratory examination results for preeclampsia women with the occurrence of severe maternal morbidity obtained p-value 0,001 and OR 4,384 (95 percent CI: 2,053 - 9,361). This can be concluded that mothers with abnormal laboratory results are at risk of experiencing severe maternal morbidity 4,384 times compared to mothers with normal laboratory results. The conclusions of laboratory examination results. Have a significant relationship with the occurrence of severe maternal morbidity Abstrak: Morbiditas dan mortalitas pada preeklampsia masih sangat tinggi,untuk menurunkan angka morbiditas dan mortalitas maternal diperlukan upaya sungguh-sungguh yaitu dengan melakukan usaha pencegahan, penanganan dini, manajemen terapi yang tepat dan penilaian laboratorik sehingga dapat memprediksi risiko perkembangan preeklampsia pada ibu hamil menjadi severe maternal morbidity. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti hanya meneliti hasil penilaian laboratorik yaitu pemeriksaan trombosit, kreatin, SGOT/AST. Hipotesis penelitian Severe Maternal Morbidity lebih banyak di jumpai pada ibu Preeklampsia yang hasil laboratorik tidak normal dibandingkan dengan ibu preeklampsia yang hasil laboratorik normal. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kohort retrospektif. Sampel dalam penelitian ini semua ibu preeklampsia periode 01 Januari 2014 sampai dengan 31 Desember 2017. Hasil pemeriksaan laboratorik tidak normal pada ibu preeklampsia dengan terjadiny severe maternal morbidity didapatkan nilai p value 0,000 dan OR 4,384 (95 persen CI: 2,053 – 9,361). Hal tersebut dapat diartikan bahwa ibu dengan hasil laboratorik tidak normal berisiko mengalami severe maternal morbidity 4,384 kali dibandingkan hasil lab normal. Simpulan hasil pemeriksaan laboratorik mempunyai hubungan signifikan dengan terjadinya severe maternal morbidity.
Fenomena Acquired Hemofilia A (AHA) Setelah Infeksi Covid-19: Sebuah Tinjauan Literatur
Authors: Saraswati Niluh Ayu Sri
Published: January 2022

Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare autoimmune disease caused by circulating autoantibodies directed against the clotting factor VIII (FVIII) that leads to bleeding. It is often associated with pregnancy, autoimmune, malignancy, drugs, or infection – including COVID-19. Recently, there are 2 reported cases of AHA following COVID-19 infections. This study aims to examine the results of various studies from several journals about the association between COVID-19 infection and AHA. Those studies were collected and reviewed then written as a literature review study. As AHA is included into coagulation disorders, which also known as coagulopathy, is associated with thrombotic complications, and is well described as one of the COVID-19 complications. So, it is possible that COVID-19 infection leading to AHA due to its thrombotic complications. Moreover, COVID-19 infection is causing immune dysregulation, rising the FVIII autoantibodies which also contributes to caused AHA. So, it is important for the clinician to know that COVID-19 infections could trigger the emerging of AHA, as it is one of the thrombotic complications in COVID-19 infection. Further study about this phenomenon is needed. ABSTRAK: Acquired hemofilia A (AHA) merupakan sebuah penyakit autoimun langka yang disebabkan oleh antibodi di dalam tubuh yang menyerang faktor VIII (FVIII. AHA seringkali berkaitan dengan kehamilan, autoimun, keganasan, penggunaan obat-obatan, serta infeksi – termasuk COVID-19. Belakangan ini terdapat 2 buah kasus AHA yang dilaporkan terjadi setelah pasien  mengalami infeksi COVID-19. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengamati hasil studi dari berbagai jurnal mengenai hubungan antara infeksi COVID-19 dengan AHA. Studi tersebut dikumpulkan dan ditelaah, kemudian dituangkan kembali dalam bentuk studi review literatur. AHA merupakan kelainan koagulasi yang disebut juga sebagai koagulopati, yang berhubungan dengan komplikasi thrombosis, salah satu manifestasi komplikasi dari infeksi COVID-19. Oleh karena itu, infeksi COVID-19 dapat menginduksi terjadinya AHA sebagai salah satu komplikasi thrombosis yang ditimbulkan. Infeksi COVID-19 juga menimbulkan disregulasi imun yang meningkatkan pembentukan autoantibodi terhadap FVIII sehingga menjadi kontributor terjadinya AHA. Oleh karena itu, perlu diketahui bahwa infeksi COVID-19 dapat mencetuskan terjadinya AHA sebagai salah satu komplikasi thrombosis yang ditimbulkan. Studi lebih lanjut mengenai fenomena tersebut masih diperlukan untuk mengetahui lebih dalam mengenai kaitan antara AHA dengan infeksi COVID-19.