bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combined effect of gallic acid and zinc ferrite nanoparticles on wheat growth and yield under salinity stress
Authors: Shao Qingqin , Ren Lantian , Ramzan Musarrat , Hussain Muhammad Baqir , Datta Rahul , Almoallim Hesham S. , Ansari Mohammad Javed , Ehsan Abdullah
Published: June 2024

Salinity stress significantly impacts crops, disrupting their water balance and nutrient uptake, reducing growth, yield, and overall plant health. High salinity in soil can adversely affect plants by disrupting their water balance. Excessive salt levels can lead to dehydration, hinder nutrient absorption, and damage plant cells, ultimately impairing growth and reducing crop yields. Gallic acid (GA) and zinc ferrite (ZnFNP) can effectively overcome this problem. GA can promote root growth, boost photosynthesis, and help plants absorb nutrients efficiently. However, their combined application as an amendment against drought still needs scientific justification. Zinc ferrite nanoparticles possess many beneficial properties for soil remediation and medical applications. That’s why the current study used a combination of GA and ZnFNP as amendments to wheat. There were 4 treatments, i.e., 0, 10 µM GA, 15 μM GA, and 20 µM GA, without and with 5 μM ZnFNP applied in 4 replications following a completely randomized design. Results exhibited that 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP caused significant improvement in wheat shoot length (28.62%), shoot fresh weight (16.52%), shoot dry weight (11.38%), root length (3.64%), root fresh weight (14.72%), and root dry weight (9.71%) in contrast to the control. Significant enrichment in wheat chlorophyll a (19.76%), chlorophyll b (25.16%), total chlorophyll (21.35%), photosynthetic rate (12.72%), transpiration rate (10.09%), and stomatal conductance (15.25%) over the control validate the potential of 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP. Furthermore, improvement in N, P, and K concentration in grain and shoot verified the effective functioning of 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP compared to control. In conclusion, 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP can potentially improve the growth, chlorophyll contents and gas exchange attributes of wheat cultivated in salinity stress. More investigations are suggested to declare 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP as the best amendment for alleviating salinity stress in different cereal crops.
Postoperative bioactive adrenomedullin is associated with the onset of ARDS and adverse outcomes in patients undergoing open thoracoabdominal aortic surgery
Authors: Doukas Panagiotis , Hartmann Oliver , Frankort Jelle , Arlt Birte , Krabbe Hanif , Jacobs Michael Johan , Greiner Andreas , Frese Jan Paul , Gombert Alexander
Published: June 2024

Cytokine-mediated systemic inflammation after open thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repairs plays a pivotal role in disrupting circulatory homeostasis, potentially leading to organ dysfunction. The bioactive form of adrenomedullin (bio-ADM) is a peptide hormone with immunomodulatory and vasomotor effects, making it a potential diagnostic agent in these cases. This retrospective, bicentric study, conducted between January 2019 and December 2022, recruited 36 elective open TAAA repair patients in two German centres. Serum and plasma samples were collected at multiple time points to measure bio-ADM levels. The primary objective was to evaluate the association of bio-ADM levels with the onset of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), with secondary endpoints focusing on mortality and SIRS-related morbidity. Results showed a significant association between postoperative bio-ADM levels (12–48 h after surgery) and the onset of ARDS (p < .001), prolonged ventilation (p = .015 at 12h after surgery), atrial fibrillation (p < .001), and mortality (p = .05 at 24h). The biomarker was also strongly associated with sepsis (p = .01 at 12 h) and multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) (p = .02 at 24 h after surgery). The study underscores the potential utility of bio-ADM as a diagnostic tool for identifying patients at risk of postoperative complications following open TAAA repairs.
Phosphomolybdic acid supported on magnetic poly calix[4]resorcinarene-EDTA-chitosan network as a recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of 5-aroyl-NH-1,3-oxazolidine-2-ones
Authors: Moradi Setareh , Mozafari Roya , Ghadermazi Mohammad
Published: June 2024

In this work, a novel procedure for immobilization of phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) on Magnetic polycalix[4]resorcinarene grafted to chitosan by EDTA (calix-EDTA-Cs) was reported. The heterogeneous nanocomposite (CoFe2O4@calix-EDTA-Cs@PMA) was applied an acid nanocatalyst for the synthesis of 5-aroyl-NH-1,3-oxazolidine-2-ones through the reaction of α-epoxyketones with sodium cyanate (NaOCN) in polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a green solvent under ultrasonic irradiation conditions. Some features of this work include quick reaction time, high reaction yield, easy separation of the catalyst, thermal stability, and eco-friendly.
Influence of the non-equal aligned nozzles for fuel injection inside the supersonic combustion chamber
Authors: Fan Zhongmian , Wang Lingxiao , Xu Fei , Zhang Xiuli , Xie Baoling , Wen Yushi , Li He , Aminian Saman
Published: June 2024

The importance of fuel mixing for the progress of the scramjet engine is indisputable. The present article shows the importance of the non-equal multi-injector system for effective fuel distribution and flame holding inside the combustion segment of a scramjet engine. The supersonic air and fuel jet flow in the non-equal nozzle arrangement is simulated via computational fluid dynamic technique. Two injector types of circular and rectangular nozzle have been analyzed to attain flow characteristics of hydrogen jets at supersonic cross flow. Mach contour is also analyzed for these jet arrangements to show the interface of the jet in the non-equal jet arrangement. Besides, addition of internal air jet is also simulated and evaluated in this research. Our investigation shows that the diffusion height of the fuel jet is higher when a rectangular non-equal nozzle is applied. The circular nozzle is more active in the spreading of the fuel in the combustor and the use of an internal air jet effectively increases fuel in a combustor of the scramjet.
A novel framework based on explainable AI and genetic algorithms for designing neurological medicines
Authors: Singh Vishakha , Singh Sanjay Kumar , Sharma Ritesh
Published: June 2024

The advent of the fourth industrial revolution, characterized by artificial intelligence (AI) as its central component, has resulted in the mechanization of numerous previously labor-intensive activities. The use of in silico tools has become prevalent in the design of biopharmaceuticals. Upon conducting a comprehensive analysis of the genomes of many organisms, it has been discovered that their tissues can generate specific peptides that confer protection against certain diseases. This study aims to identify a selected group of neuropeptides (NPs) possessing favorable characteristics that render them ideal for production as neurological biopharmaceuticals. Until now, the construction of NP classifiers has been the primary focus, neglecting to optimize these characteristics. Therefore, in this study, the task of creating ideal NPs has been formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem. The proposed framework, NPpred, comprises two distinct components: NSGA-NeuroPred and BERT-NeuroPred. The former employs the NSGA-II algorithm to explore and change a population of NPs, while the latter is an interpretable deep learning-based model. The utilization of explainable AI and motifs has led to the proposal of two novel operators, namely p-crossover and p-mutation. An online application has been deployed at https://neuropred.anvil.app for designing an ideal collection of synthesizable NPs from protein sequences.
Risk factors for bloodstream infection among patients admitted to an intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital of Shanghai, China
Authors: Cui Yingchao , Yi Changlin , Zhang Chaomin , Yang Chihui , Wang Xinyi , Chen Wenkai , Peng Yibing , Dai Jing
Published: June 2024

Blood flow infections (BSIs) is common occurrences in intensive care units (ICUs) and are associated with poor prognosis. The study aims to identify risk factors and assess mortality among BSI patients admitted to the ICU at Shanghai Ruijin hospital north from January 2022 to June 2023. Additionally, it seeks to present the latest microbiological isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibility. Independent risk factors for BSI and mortality were determined using the multivariable logistic regression model. The study found that the latest incidence rate of BSI was 10.11%, the mortality rate was 35.21% and the mean age of patients with BSI was 74 years old. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the predominant bacterial isolate. Logistic multiple regression revealed that tracheotomy, tigecycline, gastrointestinal bleeding, shock, length of hospital stay, age and laboratory indicators (such as procalcitonine and hemoglobin) were independent risk factors for BSI. Given the elevated risk associated with use of tracheotomy and tigecycline, it underscores the importance of the importance of cautious application of tracheostomy and empirical antibiotic management strategies. Meanwhile, the independent risk factors of mortality included cardiovascular disease, length of hospital stay, mean platelet volume (MPV), uric acid levels and ventilator. BSI patients exhibited a significant decrease in platelet count, and MPV emerged as an independent factor of mortality among them. Therefore, continuous monitoring of platelet-related parameters may aid in promptly identifying high-risk patients and assessing prognosis. Moreover, monitoring changes in uric acid levels may serve as an additional tool for prognostic evaluation in BSI patients.
Association between health literacy and Framingham risk score
Authors: Rahimi Tahereh , Hashemi Seyedeh Soroor , Rezaei Fatemeh , Aune Dagfinn
Published: June 2024

High health literacy (HL) plays a critical role in preventing or delaying the onset of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and can improve disease management and control. The present study aims to determine the association between HL and non-laboratory-based (office-based) Framingham 10-year risk score of CVD. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 648 people aged 30–65 in the health centers of Jahrom. The Health Literacy Instrument for Adults (HELIA) was used to assess HL. The non-laboratory-based Framingham risk score (FRS) was utilized to determine the 10-year risk of CVDs. Risk factors such as age, gender, diabetes, current smoking status, systolic blood pressure (SBP), hypertension (HTN) treatment, and body mass index (BMI) were applied in the non-laboratory-based model. The average age of the subjects was 44.7 ± 10.5 years, among which 49.2% were males. The prevalence of diabetes, HTN, and smoking equaled 8.5%, 15.7%, and 10%, respectively. In addition, the average BMI was 26.1 ± 3.6 kg/m2. Based on the non-laboratory-based Framingham 10-year risk score of CVD, 72.5%, 13.9%, and 13.6% of the subjects were in the low, moderate, and high risk groups, respectively. Based on the HL grouping, the levels of insufficient, borderline, sufficient, and excellent HL were 19.3%, 26.4%, 34.6%, and 19.7%, respectively. A significant association was observed between 10-year CVD risk and HL grouping. In addition, a negative correlation was reported at the individual level between HL and non-laboratory-based FRS among the whole population (r = − 0.39, p < 0.001), men (r = − 0.32, p < 0.001), and women (r = − 0.42, p < 0.001). A higher HL score is associated with a lower risk of CVD. In addition, the adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that there was a strong association between elevated CVD risk (≥ 10%) and HL (OR 6.1, 95% CI 2.9–12.6) among inadequate HL participants compared with excellent HL individuals. Thus, designing and implementing training programs to increase HL, especially among those who are at risk of CVDs, should be regarded as an important issue for the prevention of such diseases.
A data decomposition-based hierarchical classification method for multi-label classification of contractual obligations for the purpose of their governance
Authors: Singh Amrita , Rose Anish Preethu , Verma Aparna , Venkatesan Sivanthy , V Logamurugan , Ghaisas Smita
Published: June 2024

Contract governance ensures that the agreed outcomes between customers and vendors are fulfilled. Information Technology (IT) outsourcing organizations enter thousands of contractual relationships each month leading to a high volume of business-critical contractual text that must be reviewed and deciphered for effective governance. The key to effective governance of contracts is a model that facilitates assigning ownership of the obligations to the right departments in an organization and allocating their accountability to the right stakeholders. For this, the contractual obligations need to be identified and classified so that details such as actions to be taken by departments in an organization and their ownership as per a given clause are brought out for the purpose of governance. In this paper, we present our work on automated extraction and classification of obligations present in Software Engineering (SE) contracts for the purpose of contracts governance. We propose a novel data decomposition-based hierarchical classification method for a multi-label classification of contractual obligations. We conducted experiments for a fine-grained automated classification of more than 55,000 statements from 50 large real-life SE contract documents received from a large vendor organization into 152 governance-specific classes. The results indicate that the proposed method can bring about a 7–8% improvement in accuracies when compared to state-of-the-art classification baselines such as BERT, RoBERTa, and generative models such as GPT-2.
Impact of cochlear implants use on voice production and quality
Authors: Guastamacchia Angela , Albera Andrea , Puglisi Giuseppina Emma , Nudelman Charles J. , Soleimanifar Simin , Astolfi Arianna , Aronoff Justin M. , Bottalico Pasquale
Published: June 2024

Cochlear implant users experience difficulties controlling their vocalizations compared to normal hearing peers. However, less is known about their voice quality. The primary aim of the present study was to determine if cochlear implant users’ voice quality would be categorized as dysphonic by the Acoustic Voice Quality Index (AVQI) and smoothed cepstral peak prominence (CPPS). A secondary aim was to determine if vocal quality is further impacted when using bilateral implants compared to using only one implant. The final aim was to determine how residual hearing impacts voice quality. Twenty-seven cochlear implant users participated in the present study and were recorded while sustaining a vowel and while reading a standardized passage. These recordings were analyzed to calculate the AVQI and CPPS. The results indicate that CI users’ voice quality was detrimentally affected by using their CI, raising to the level of a dysphonic voice. Specifically, when using their CI, mean AVQI scores were 4.0 and mean CPPS values were 11.4 dB, which indicates dysphonia. There were no significant differences in voice quality when comparing participants with bilateral implants to those with one implant. Finally, for participants with residual hearing, as hearing thresholds worsened, the likelihood of a dysphonic voice decreased.
Thigh muscle mass evaluated by point-of-care ultrasound is associated with short-term mortality in patients with sepsis in the emergency department
Authors: Ahn Sejoong , Jin Bo-Yeong , Park Jong-Hak , Kim Sungjin , Lee Sukyo , Moon Sungwoo , Cho Hanjin
Published: June 2024

Muscle mass depletion is associated with mortality and morbidity in various conditions including sepsis. However, few studies have evaluated muscle mass using point-of-care ultrasound in patients with sepsis. This study aimed to evaluate the association between thigh muscle mass, evaluated using point-of-care ultrasound with panoramic view in patients with sepsis in the emergency department, and mortality. From March 2021 to October 2022, this prospective observational study used sepsis registry. Adult patients who were diagnosed with sepsis at the emergency department and who underwent point-of-care ultrasounds for lower extremities were included. The thigh muscle mass was evaluated by the cross-sectional area of the quadriceps femoris (CSA-QF) on point-of-care ultrasound using panoramic view. The primary outcome was 28 day mortality. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard model was performed. Of 112 included patients with sepsis, mean CSA-QF was significantly lower in the non-surviving group than surviving group (49.6 [34.3–56.5] vs. 63.2 [46.9–79.6] cm2, p = 0.002). Each cm2 increase of mean CSA-QF was independently associated with decreased 28 day mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 0.961, 95% CI 0.928–0.995, p = 0.026) after adjustment for potential confounders. The result of other measurements of CSA-QF were similar. The muscle mass of the quadriceps femoris evaluated using point-of-care ultrasound with panoramic view was associated with mortality in patients with sepsis. It might be a promising tool for determining risk factors for mortality in sepsis patients in the early stages of emergency department.
Hippocampal volume and affect in response to fluctuating estrogens in menstrual cycle irregularity: a longitudinal single-subject study
Authors: Heller Carina , Güllmar Daniel , Koeppel Carina J. , Rojczyk Philine , Stein Heidemarie , Taylor Caitlin M. , Jacobs Emily G. , Derntl Birgit , Kikinis Zora , Walter Martin , Croy Ilona
Published: June 2024

Irregular menstrual cycles, affecting approximately 30% of women in their reproductive years, are often overlooked in research, limiting our insights into the broader spectrum of hormonal interactions. Understanding the relationship between endogenous hormone fluctuations and brain function across the menstrual cycle, particularly beyond regular menstrual cycles, is essential for comprehending mental disorders prevalent in women. To this aim, a healthy female with an irregular menstrual cycle underwent dense sampling for 5 consecutive weeks, primarily covering the follicular phase and ovulation. Blood draws provided measurements of estradiol, estrone, and progesterone. T1-weighted MRI scans assessed bilateral hippocampal volumes. Positive and negative affect were collected at each session. Statistical analyses included cubic regression curves, Spearman correlations, and mediation regression models to explore hormonal associations with hippocampal morphology and affect. Significant fluctuations in hormonal concentrations, hippocampal volume, and affect were observed across the 25 testing days. Estradiol and estrone significantly correlated with hippocampal volume, while progesterone showed no significant association. Increasing concentrations of estrogens were linked to decreasing positive affect, mediated by hippocampal volume fluctuations. Increasing concentrations of estrogens were further associated with increasing negative affect, however, independently of hippocampal changes. Our findings suggest potential roles of estrogens in affect regulation and brain function in a participant with an irregular menstrual cycle. This research serves as a blueprint for future investigations into the complex interplay between sex hormones and structural brain dynamics beyond regular menstrual cycles and establishes a fundamental framework for the advancement of sex-specific precision medicine.
Strategies for chronic coronary disease: A brief guide for clinicians
Authors: Krittanawong Chayakrit , Khawaja Muzamil , Virk Hafeez Ul Hassan , Escobar Johao , Khalid Umair , Birnbaum Yochai , Lavie Carl J. , Sharma Samin , Jneid Hani , Rao Sunil , Virani Salim S.
Published: June 2024

The 2023 Multisociety Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Chronic Coronary Disease (CCD) is a collaborative effort between the American Heart Association (AHA) and the American College of Cardiology (ACC) that provides recommendations on the management of this condition. Efficient management of CCD involves non-pharmaceutical interventions that promote healthier lifestyles, such as increasing physical activity, adopting a balanced diet, and addressing tobacco misuse. These changes are critical to improving cardiovascular outcomes for individuals with CCD. In addition to lifestyle modifications, pharmacological and revascularization treatments also play an essential role in managing CCD. These treatments target the complex mechanisms of the disease, optimize cardiac function, and decrease the risk of adverse events. The combination of lifestyle changes and medicine-based medications enhances the quality of life and lowers mortality rates among individuals with CCD. This article review emphasizes the importance of non-pharmacological and pharmacological strategies that align with the AHA/ACC guidelines. In addition, the primary objective of this study is to enhance comprehension of the approaches that have led to better cardiovascular results for patients diagnosed with CCD.
Tunable sub-terahertz resonance absorption in high-coercivity magnetodielectric ceramics
Authors: Gorbachev Evgeny A. , Alyabyeva Liudmila N. , Pronin Artem V. , Sultanovskaya Alexandra S. , Kozlyakova Ekaterina S. , Magdysyuk Oxana V. , Roslyakov Ilya V. , Dressel Martin , Gorshunov Boris P. , Trusov Lev A.
Published: June 2024

Dense ceramics of Al-substituted hexaferrites demonstrate robust, intensive, and highly magnetic field-sensitive ferromagnetic resonance absorption at 5–300 K.
Understanding associative polymer self-assembly with shrinking gate fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
Authors: Murdoch Timothy J. , Quienne Baptiste , Pinaud Julien , Caillol Sylvain , Martín-Fabiani Ignacio
Published: June 2024

Shrinking gate fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (sgFCS) enhances sensitivity to polymer self-assembly.
Unravelling the nanoscale mechanism of polarization reversal in a Hf0.5Zr0.5O2-based ferroelectric capacitor by vector piezoresponse force microscopy
Authors: Chouprik Anastasia , Spiridonov Maxim
Published: June 2024

The nanoscopic nature of polarization reversal in hafnium oxide thin films consists in a combination of 180°-flipping of the polarization vector and ferroelastic switching. The shear piezoelectric coefficient is twice the longitudinal coefficient.
Three-component formal metathesis via remote activating strategy enabled (RASE) domino activation of two C(sp3)–O bonds in alkyl ethers
Authors: Zhuang Dailin , Cheng Le , Yan Yichuan , Tang Yuting , Wan Zhenyang , Gu Jiahao , Lu Yuhong , Li Xinyao , Li Ziyuan
Published: June 2024

A novel three-component formal metathesis through remote activating strategy enabled (RASE) domino C(sp3)–O cleavage of two alkyl ethers under mild metal-free conditions.
Circulating microRNA detection using electrochemical biosensor for rapid diagnosis of liver disease in dogs
Authors: Roychoudhury Appan , Diez Federico , Mellanby Richard J. , Dear James W. , Bachmann Till T.
Published: June 2024

We report a new combination of short probe and target overhangs during hybridisation with a flow-based sample cycling setup for sensitive and specific detection of microRNA-122 biomarker. This setup was used towards liver injury diagnostics in dogs.
Selective conversion of carbon dioxide to formate using few-layer nitrogen-doped graphene on copper foam with enhanced suppression of the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Sasipatworakarn Thanthita , Pikulrat Daranphop , Homlamai Kan , Duangdangchote Salatan , Sawangphruk Montree
Published: June 2024

This research presents a novel electrocatalyst, a three-dimensional, few-layered nitrogen-doped graphene-coated copper foam (N-GP/Cu-foam), engineered for the selective electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to formate.
Bright self-trapped exciton emission in alkali iodide nanocrystals via Sn(ii)-doping
Authors: Wang Xuemeng , Dou Zan , Tao Cong , Chen Gaoyu , Wei Qi , You Haoyu , Liu Xiaowang , Zou Yatao , Han Nannan , Xu Weidong
Published: June 2024

A self-trapped excition emission in alkali iodide nanocrystals performance a broad yellow emitting via Sn(ii) doping.
Channel estimation for backscatter communication systems with retrodirective arrays
Authors: Mu Yunping , Yao Chaochao , Fan Dian , Xu Yongjun , Wang Gongpu , Milošević Marjan , Ai Bo
Published: June 2024

Backscatter communications, which originated from World War II, have been widely applied in the logistics domain, and recently attract emerging interest from both academic and industrial circles. Here, the backscatter communication systems equipped with retrodirective arrays that can re‐transmit the impinging signals back toward the direction of incidence are studied so as to reduce the power loss of the signals. Specifically, the authors consider the tag is equipped with retrodirective arrays to improve reliability and enhance communication range. The probability density function of channel coefficients is then derived. Next, a channel estimator based on Bayesian theory is proposed to acquire the modulus values of channel parameters and calculate its Bayesian Cramer–Rao Lower Bound. Finally, simulation results are provided to corroborate these theoretical studies.
TSD‐YOLO: Small traffic sign detection based on improved YOLO v8
Authors: Du Songjie , Pan Weiguo , Li Nuoya , Dai Songyin , Xu Bingxin , Liu Hongzhe , Xu Cheng , Li Xuewei
Published: June 2024

Traffic sign detection is critical for autonomous driving technology. However, accurately detecting traffic signs in complex traffic environments remains challenge despite the widespread use of one‐stage detection algorithms known for their real‐time processing capabilities. In this paper, the authors propose a traffic sign detection method based on YOLO v8. Specifically, this study introduces the Space‐to‐Depth (SPD) module to address missed detections caused by multi‐scale variations of traffic signs in traffic scenes. The SPD module compresses spatial information into depth channels, expanding the receptive field and enhancing the detection capabilities for objects of varying sizes. Furthermore, to address missed detections caused by complex backgrounds such as trees, this paper employs the Select Kernel attention mechanism. This mechanism enables the model to dynamically adjust its focus and more effectively concentrate on key features. Additionally, considering the uneven distribution of training data, the authors adopted the WIoUv3 loss function, which optimizes loss calculation through a weighted approach, thereby improving the model's detection performance across various sizes and frequencies of instances. The proposed methods were validated on the CCTSDB and TT100K datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that the authors’ method achieves substantial improvements of 3.2% and 5.1% on the mAP50 metric compared to YOLOv8s, while maintaining high detection speed, significantly enhancing the overall performance of the detection system. The code for this paper is located at https://github.com/dusongjie/TSD‐YOLO‐Small‐Traffic‐Sign‐Detection‐Based‐on‐Improved‐YOLO‐v8
Analysis of micromechanical and tribotechnical properties of fluoropolymers during friction on 40Kh steel
Authors: Biryukov Vladimir , Yakubovsky Anton
Published: June 2024

The paper presents the results of micromechanical and tribotechnical tests of samples of polytetrafluoroethylene, radiation-modified (PTFE – RM according to modes A and B), coked in comparison with the PTFE standard (Fluoroplast -F4). The influence of the surface roughness of a 40Kh steel counter-tile on the coefficients of friction against time at a constant sliding speed is considered. Micromechanical tests were carried out using the method of instrumental indentation with a triangular Berkovich diamond pyramid. Tribotechnical tests were performed on a friction machine with a vertical axis of rotation of the spindle according to the scheme “the end of the sample of the fluoropolymer disk is the end of the counter-flange of the annular sleeve (steel 40Kh)” without lubrication and when the friction pair is lubricated with MGE-10A hydraulic oil. It was found that during friction without lubrication, PTFE samples had the maximum friction coefficients, and F4K20 samples had the minimum friction coefficients when working with 40X steel counter-tiles treated with P180 sandpaper. PTFE-RM (A) samples had the best wear resistance, followed by decreasing F4K20, PTFE – RM (B) and PTFE under friction without lubrication. In the presence of lubricant, the samples of the PTFE standard were inferior in wear resistance to the F4K20 samples, but were 5-7% better than the samples of PTFE-RM (B) and (A), respectively.
Discrete diffusion in multistage mixing of dough with anisotropic internal structure
Authors: Iskakov I.Zh. , Kucherenko V.Ja. , Alekseev G.V. , Ivleva E.N. , Birchenko A.A. , Savelyev A.P.
Published: June 2024

Dough making is a very critical stage of bread baking, largely, due to complex processes taking place thereupon. Key issues, undoubtedly, include a uniform distribution of liquid components over a generally anisotropic structure of the dough. Most solutions to the problem of uniform distribution of non-Newtonian liquids – protein-fat components of the dough, are based on the idea that the internal structure of particles is isotropic. However, it is not true in all cases. Some researchers have proved that distribution of fat components of different layers varies while the matter is being formed. A reason for it is a certain orientation and denser packing of protein molecules in the layers closer to kneading blades, which, naturally, means that the internal structure of different layers varies, too.
Hydraulic cylinder rod part surface quality improvement on the local thermal effect basis
Authors: Leonidov P.V.
Published: June 2024

In modern mechanical engineering, one of the urgent tasks is to improve the quality of manufacturing of surfaces of contact pairs of hydraulic cylinders. This task is connected, first of all, with the grinding operation, which leads to the formation of burns, microcracks, and scarring. The presence of defects on the surface leads to the formation of a poor-quality protective chrome layer. Destruction of the protective layer during operation breaks the sealing ability of the sealing rings. For this reason, abrasive microparticles enter the contact zone, forming adhesive wear on the surfaces. To increase the performance characteristics of hydraulic cylinders, it is necessary to comply with the quality requirements in the technological process. So, for the part “rod” surface roughness should be Ra = 0.63 μm. It is possible to achieve a given surface quality by replacing the grinding operation with mechanical processing with local thermal influence.
Method of calculation of satellite flow parameters behind the point of Mach reflection
Authors: Yatsenko Anna A. , Chernyshov Mikhail V. , Savelova Karina E.
Published: June 2024

A mathematical model for the calculation and express analysis of triple configurations of air shock waves arising from an “elevated” explosion of a condensed high-energy material is presented. The considered blast waves with a long duration of the positive phase (compression phase) can take place in industrial and agricultural applications: in the explosion of fuel-air mixtures, explosive dust in elevators and granaries, as well as high-energy materials for agricultural and industrial applications based on ammonium nitrate and explosive saltpetre mixtures with petroleum products. The developed mathematical model uses exact and semi-empirical relationships developed earlier in the theory of optimal shock wave systems.
The environment and ergonomics of clothing in the design of a human comfort system
Authors: Cherunova Irina , Kuleshova Anna , Tagiev Farid , Tashpulatov Salikh , Cherunov Pavel , Subbotina Anna
Published: June 2024

During the time of stay in the city outside the closed premises during the periods of seasonal cooling, for a human thermal protection is provided by clothing. Clothing for protection from the cooling environment in the city is considered comfortable if its weight and dimensions do not limit a person in a given route and specificity of movement and does not draw attention to their own thermal sensations (i.e., the thermal balance of a person does not go out of the biophysical norm). Effective smart thermal protective clothing requires the inclusion in the thermoregulation system of consideration of individual human activity, which to some extent depends on the weight of the garment. Paper shows the proposed schematic diagram of the concept of operation of the functional system of smart thermal protective clothing. On the basis of the developed models and established functional relations for the proposed structure of smart thermal protective clothing, studies of its thermal effect depending on the properties of the clothing have been carried out. The developed functional models of connections of input and output parameters of biotechnical system “man-clothing-environment” allowed to reveal regularities of influence of clothing parameters and its weight on thermal comfort of a person in it.
The technology of fertilizing irrigation with differentiated norms using wide-reach sprinkler machines
Authors: Zhuravleva Larisa
Published: June 2024

Fertigation shows its high efficiency, but requires careful dosing of mineral fertilizers and irrigation water. The aim is to improve the technology of irrigation with wide-coverage sprinklers when applying fertilizers with irrigation water. The article presents the technology of differentiated irrigation with the introduction of fertilizers. A method for determining irrigation standards is given, taking into account changes in soil moisture reserves, including during reverse movement. A fertilizer dispenser is presented with the calculation of the dosage of fertilizer application in accordance with the irrigation rate. When using differentiated technologies, the yield of Moskovskaya wheat increased by 45% compared to traditional technology (uniform irrigation rate).
Analysis of the level of battery drop in electric bikes with different night parking options
Authors: Shvetsov Alexey
Published: June 2024

The study analyzed the level of drop in battery charge of electric bikes under different options for night parking during the summer operating season. An analysis was made of the level of charge drop in the battery of electric bikes under different options for night parking with three storage options (home storage, garage storage, street storage) providing different temperature conditions for the electric bicycle battery. The data obtained reflect the level of drop in battery charge of electric bikes for different options for night parking during the summer operating season. These studies can be used when conducting research aimed at optimizing the level of battery charge loss for electric bikes under different options for night parking in urban conditions.
Development factor model of train movement graph indicators
Authors: Butunov Dilmurod , Abdukodirov Sardor , Buriyev Shuhrat , Akhmedova Muslima
Published: June 2024

The main purpose of the work is to develop a factor model of the indicators of the graph of the trains movement. The least squares method and factor models of systematic analysis, analytic, regression modeling were used. The “free period”, which are given for repair work on railway plots, were studied the levels of influence on the movement of trains at the station and passages. The parameters of the TMG indicators were analyzed analytically and the factors that negatively affect their performance were determined. On the basis of the identified influencing factors, an infological scheme of TMG indicators was created. A factor model has been developed based on factors that negatively affect TMG performance. This factor model ensures the standards and reliability of TMG indicators for determining the transferring capability of railway sections and the carrying capacity of rail transport. Key words: Train traffic graph, factor model, regression modeling, train, station, passage, railway section, transfer capability.
Reducing the energy costs of urban households when using electric bikes and electric scooters to provide urban mobility
Authors: Shvetsov Alexey
Published: June 2024

The study analyzed the reduction in energy consumption of urban households when using electric bikes and electric scooters to provide urban mobility. An analysis was made of reducing the average energy consumption of urban households when switching to the use of electric bikes and electric scooters to ensure urban mobility, depending on operating temperature conditions (0-10C0, 11-20C0, 21-30C0). The data obtained reflect the degree of reduction in average energy consumption of urban households when using electric bikes and electric scooters to ensure urban mobility, depending on the temperature operating conditions. These studies can be used in conducting research aimed at optimizing the energy consumption of urban residents to ensure urban mobility based on the use of electric bikes and electric scooters in modern cities.
Tools for decentralized product lifecycle management
Authors: Milchakova Natalia , Reshetnikov Leonid
Published: June 2024

The concept of product life cycle evolves with the development of technology. PLM tools provide information support for products at all stages of the life cycle. The maintenance and repair system, as a resource-intensive component of the life cycle, has great potential for increasing economic efficiency through the introduction of a decentralized resource management system. The article shows how this problem is solved by the introduction of decentralized technologies that work in real time: distributed artificial intelligence technologies; multi-agent systems; blockchain. Similar solutions are also applicable to product configuration management processes. It has been proven that the use of blockchain technology makes it possible to track parameters about the load and condition of goods at all stages of the life cycle, reduce the number of intermediaries and optimize the cost of the life cycle of goods as a whole.
Technological energy efficiency and sustainability in the concept of advanced development
Authors: Batov Gumar , Tumenova Svetlana
Published: June 2024

The modern world economy is characterized by high volatility, financial crises alternate with economic ones, and now problems in the energy sector have joined it. The peculiarity of the moment is that in the development model of most countries, crisis phenomena are constant companions. Countries react differently to emerging events, and each of them offers its own methods of solving emerging problems. The search for appropriate methods and ways to solve problems shows that from the complex of existing methods, concepts and theories, the most suitable are the focus on the use of digital and energy-efficient technologies that will transform the economy and give it sustainability, competitiveness and at the same time increase labor productivity. It is possible to implement such a scenario through the use of the concept of advanced development and breakthrough technologies. The purpose of the study is to decompose the structural components of the concept of advanced development and develop sustainable mechanisms for their implementation. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the substantiation that the concept of advanced development and use of energy efficient technologies will ensure the possibility of sustainable economic development through the use of energy efficient, network and platform factors.
Features of the geometry of the five-dimensional pseudo-Euclidean space of index two
Authors: Artikbaev A. , Mamadaliyev B.M.
Published: June 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the geometry of subspaces of a five-dimensional pseudo-Euclidean space. This space is attractive because all kinds of semi-Euclidean, semi-pseudo-Euclidean, hyperbolic three-dimensional spaces with projective metrics are realized in its subspaces. In the sphere of the imaginary radius of space, de Sitter space is realized. Here there is a space with projective metrics in the sense of Cayley-Klein. It is a three-dimensional space with a metric that preserves space on itself when mapped linearly. The corresponding linear transformation is called the motion of this space. An interpretation of de Sitter space in a four-dimensional pseudo-Euclidean space is proved. Studies have confirmed that in subspaces of space , in addition to elliptic spaces, there is a geometry of three-dimensional spaces with projective metrics. De Sitter space of the second kind is also realized in the sphere of imaginary radius. De Sitter space is a geodesic mapping in four-dimensional Minkowski space.
Andrioid mobile application aimed at getting personalized recommendations when selecting references
Authors: Gerasimova Marina , Egarmin Pavel , Petrova Irina , Akhmatshin Farid , Mikitchak Sergey
Published: June 2024

This article presents the results of the development of a mobile recommendation application to help library readers select references. One of the tasks of a librarian is to provide consultative assistance to the reader in selecting books. Working with a librarian can be replaced by the use of electronic library systems or special programs, which will allow you to solve the same task in less time. At the moment, there are websites and digital libraries that help the user to select books for further reading. They implement various algorithms that allow you to create personalized recommendations. Such systems are designed for electronic reading and are not linked to the databases of municipal library systems. Library readers can obtain recommendations when they choose literature for further reading using a mobile application. The paper considers the process of its creation: analysis of program requirements, design, implementation, testing and implementation. The application is developed for the Android operating system in the integrated development environment Android Studio in the Java programming language. The calculation of the technical and economic indicators of the project in its implementation has shown that the use of the application will provide sufficient economic effect. Its use can simplify the process of selecting books and significantly reduce the time to search for them, thus giving the librarian the opportunity to perform other tasks. The program does not require material costs for installation, which is an obvious advantage, and the functionality and system requirements allow its use on all mobile devices with the Android operating system.
Advancements in geodesy techniques for Arctic region monitoring
Authors: Andreeva Sofia , Kaskelaynen Oleg , Lobova Elena , Olekhnovich Yanis , Volkova Yulia
Published: June 2024

The Arctic region is undergoing unprecedented environmental changes due to global climate change, necessitating robust monitoring and research efforts. Geodesy, the science of accurately measuring Earth's shape, orientation, and gravitational field, plays a critical role in understanding these changes. This article explores the applications, challenges, and future directions of geodesy in the Arctic. Satellite-based techniques such as GNSS, SAR, and satellite altimetry are utilized to monitor ice mass loss, sea level rise, and land deformation with high precision. Challenges in Arctic geodesy include harsh environmental conditions, data accuracy, and the integration of multi-source data. Despite these challenges, ongoing advancements in satellite technology, data processing algorithms, and collaboration initiatives hold promise for addressing these issues and improving our understanding of Arctic environmental dynamics. By leveraging geodesy techniques and emerging technologies, researchers can contribute to the sustainable management of the Arctic environment and its broader implications for global climate change mitigation and adaptation.
Creation of a digital map for Sochi city masterplan development in the modern geoinformation system ArcGIS
Authors: Gura Dmitry , Gribkova Irina , Berkova Elizaveta , Panyutischeva Anastasia , Turk Gennadiy
Published: June 2024

Today, taking into account the development of modern geodetic and cartographic technologies, it is impossible to solve the tasks of territorial planning without using modern geographic information systems. The main tasks of GIS are the search for solutions in the field of rational use of natural resources, territorial sectoral planning, and management of the location of industry, transport, agriculture, energy, and finance. In addition, GIS systems provide control of living conditions of the population, as well as regulate the issues of mapping. The article discusses the application of modern GIS as methods of creating topographic plans. For work on creation of digital terrain models space images are used, which should be accompanied by data of territory interpretation. This allows to make sure the accuracy of information contained in cartographic open databases and to compare it with the current situation on the projected territory. To build a GIS it is necessary to use special integrated programs that allow to create, analyse, edit and present spatial data. The paper examines the process of creating a GIS using ArcGIS programme. The purpose of this paper is to study the process of creating a digital map and database with all the information of common attributes. The developed digital map is the basis for the formation of the master plan of the city. The master plan consists of an explanatory note and a set of drawings. The drawings should be made on a certain scale (1:200 - 1:2000). It is necessary to take into account natural conditions, wind rose, and other data. All objects on the drawings shall be designated with the help of conventional signs established by the relevant regulatory documents. The general plan of the city shall comply with the territorial planning documentation.
Environmental efficiency: analysis of measurement and evaluation methods
Authors: Puryaev A.S. , Puryaev R.A.
Published: June 2024

Eco-efficiency is defined by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development as creating more value with less impact. A study of the issue of measuring and evaluating eco-efficiency has been conducted on Science Direct platform sources from 2021-2023. Current global trends and approaches to this issue are identified. The methods used for measuring and evaluating ecological efficiency are presented and analyzed. The author's provisions on an alternative variant of measuring the environmental performance of a company and (or) an investment project are presented for discussion. The proposed measurement model allows taking into account the undesirable result of environmental impact in natural measures. The assessment is carried out when selecting the optimal variant from a set of existing alternative projects for planning future activities. In this case, the decision maker (LPR) is required to set restrictions (min, max) to achieve target values in future activities by indicators: product and service value (PSV) and environmental impact (EI).