bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On Bringing Negligence Provisions in Tax Law in Compliance with the Criminal Law Approach
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Theoretical and Public Law Disciplines of the Tyumen State University, PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Kirillov Dmitry A.
Published: June 2024

Starting from 2023, the tax authorities are instructed to warn the taxpayer directly in the decision on the results of the tax audit about the consequences of the presence of signs of a tax crime in a tax violation. Since tax crimes are committed only with intent, the tax authority, warning the taxpayer, must justify the existence of intent in the text of the decision and as part of the tax offense. Due to the specifics of the regulation of careless guilt in the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, a wider range of acts is intentional from the point of view of tax law than from the point of view of criminal law. Consequently, there is an obvious risk of mass discretion by the tax authorities of signs of crimes in careless violations. To solve the problem, the provisions on negligent fault in tax law should be brought into line with the criminal law approach.
Special Aspects of the Excess Profits Tax
Authors:   Degree-Seeking Student of the Department of Administrative Law and Administrative Procedure of the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences, PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Sbezhnev Vladimir A.
Published: June 2024

The article discusses the specifics and legal nature of the excess profit tax. The legal construction of the excess profit tax as a one-time direct tax is analyzed. The place of the tax on excess profits in the system of taxation of organizations is considered. Conclusions are drawn about the significance of the excess profit tax for the mobilization of financial resources. Using the example of the excess profit tax, it is shown that the tax system is developing dynamically, responding to modern challenges, and ensures the functioning of the country's financial system.
Relevant Problems of Combating Under-the-Table Salaries and Illegal Employment in the Russian Federation
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Department of Constitutional, Administrative and Financial Law of the Orel State University Named after I.S. Turgenev, Zimakova Maria A.
Published: June 2024

This article discusses cooperation between the Russian Federal Tax Service and the Federal Service for Labor and Employment to combat gray wages and illegal employment. The main idea is that cooperation between these agencies will help prevent unofficial employment and illegal payments to workers, leading to greater transparency and legality in labor relations. Exchange of information, joint analytics and use of modern technologies will allow to control labor reporting more effectively, identify violations and apply appropriate sanctions.
Prospects of Development of the System of Tax Payment through the Unified Tax Account and the Unified Fiscal Account in Russia
Authors:   Degree-Seeking Student of the Department of Administrative Law and Administrative Procedure of the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences, PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Sbezhnev Vladimir A.
Published: June 2024

The general and specific features of a single tax account, a single tax payment, and advance customs payments are considered. The legal relations arising when using a single tax account and advance customs payment are analyzed. A conclusion is made about the feasibility of introducing a single fiscal account.
Tax Rulings under the Laws of India
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Department of Administrative and Financial Law of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Nadtochiy Mikhail D.
Published: June 2024

This paper is dedicated to a comprehensive study of the institution of tax rulings in India, as well as the impact of the ruling system on attracting foreign investment. The analysis includes an examination of the historical context, regulatory framework, procedures for obtaining and executing tax rulings. Based on the results of the research the author made conclusions about the practical and theoretical applicability of the Institute.
Entrepreneurial Income or Special-Purpose Capital: A Challenging Issue of Taxation of Property Owners Associations
Authors:   Professor of the Department of Administrative Law and Administrative Activities of Internal Affairs Agencies of the Ural Law Institute of the Ministry of the Interior of the Russian Federation, LL.D., Professor, Osintsev Dmitry V.
Published: June 2024

Understanding the meaning and content of legal norms is one of the most important processes carried out in the field of application of legislation on taxes and fees, while legal and technical techniques for expressing certain legislative provisions establishing special tax regimes are of great importance. The uncertain nature of the rules on the formation of endowment capital by non-profit organizations allows the business practices of these partnerships to be brought under preferential tax regimes, although they do not form endowment capital, but they can actively use a pseudo-legal mechanism for tax exemption.
Personnel and their influence on the development of intellectual property in Russia
Authors:   Member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Professor of the Department of Intellectual Rights of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), Academic Director of the Scientific and Educational Center for Intellectual Property and Digital Economy, LL.D., Professor, Bliznets Ivan A.
Published: June 2024

The presented collection of scientific works was prepared for the 70th anniversary of Doctor of Law, Professor Ivan Anatolyevich Bliznets. It covers current issues of civil law, including intellectual property rights. It will be useful for students, postgraduates, doctoral students, researchers involved in intellectual property issues.
Creatividad en la prevención del feminicidio: una estrategia local en Bogotá
Authors: Solyszko Gomes Izabel , Vergel Tovar Carolina
Published: June 2024

El artículo explora la problemática del feminicidio en Bogotá y la respuesta del Estado a través de la Estrategia de las Duplas de Atención Psicosocial de la Secretaría Distrital de la Mujer. Esta estrategia, vigente desde 2015, se enfoca en la atención interdisciplinaria de mujeres en riesgo de feminicidio, mediante el trabajo conjunto de trabajadoras sociales y psicólogas. La investigación resalta la importancia de esta estrategia por su enfoque interdisciplinario, su sostenibilidad a lo largo de varias administraciones y su capacidad de adaptación. Además, se subraya la manera como la estrategia enfrenta las barreras de acceso a la justicia y la atención, proporcionando un acompañamiento móvil y flexible. El artículo concluye que la estrategia representa una buena práctica para la prevención del feminicidio y la garantía de los derechos humanos de las mujeres, al tiempo que identifica desafíos y puntos para mejorar en la implementación de esta política pública.
Modelo conceptual de planeación estratégica para el crecimiento de empresas de servicios en México
Authors: Ortega de la Cruz Edwin Chofo , Gordillo Benavente Liliana de Jesús , Chirinos Araque Yamarú del Valle
Published: June 2024

El objetivo de esta investigación es proponer un modelo de planeación estratégica para el crecimiento de las microempresas de servicios profesionales, científicos y técnicos en México. Se aplicó una metodología cuantitativa con un diseño de investigación de tipo no experimental transversal correlacional a una muestra de 174 directivos. Los hallazgos exponen nueve cargas factoriales asociadas débilmente con la literatura respectiva, mostrando una discrepancia entre la teoría y la realidad. Los principales hallazgos de esta investigación incluyen el desarrollo de un modelo conceptual integrado por varios componentes, como filosofía, objetivos a largo, mediano y corto plazo, políticas, estrategias, reglas, procedimientos, programas y presupuestos. Estos componentes están vinculados mediante un sistema de control estratégico, táctico y operacional específico para las empresas objeto de estudio. En general, el artículo presenta una contribución al campo de la planeación estratégica para microempresas en México.
International Tourism in the Four Countries of the Visegrad Group
Authors:   East European and Balkan Institute, Kim Shinhyo
Published: June 2024

In this paper, I analyzed the status of inbound and outbound tourism in the
four countries of the Visegrad Group (V4), the Czech Republic, Poland,
Hungary, and Slovakia, by dividing them into before and after the pandemic,
after the Russia-Ukraine war, and after the endemic, and also reviewed the
current status of visits to Korea.
Looking at the status of visits to Korea as of 2023, compared to before the
pandemic, Poland and Hungary are recovering faster in the number of visitors
than other foreign nationalities, so an increase in tourists visiting Korea can be
expected in the future.
National conflicts in the Balkan Europe and the Possibility of Coexistence: Focusing on the Kosovo in the 21C
Authors:   East European and Balkan Institute, Kim Chul-Min
Published: June 2024

that ushered in the ‘New Cold War’ of the 21st century. And it was an event
that clearly impressed the international community on the geopolitical and
geostrategic importance of Kosovo in the international dynamics. In terms of the
history of international relations, there are two main implications of the ‘Kosovo
War’. First, it was the first attempt to convert NATO's traditional concept of
‘defensive strategy’ into the concept of ‘offensive strategy’. The Kosovo War
was the first war involving NATO in a country outside the region. And through
this, NATO can be said to have laid the foundation for pursuing its own
influence in the Interest Sphere of United States in the 21st century. The second
can be said to be the ‘resurrection of the Russian Empire’ and the ‘emergence
of Putin’. As a result of the 1999 Kosovo War, Russia chose Putin in 2000, and
he promised to revive Russia in the 21st century as an empire similar to that of
the Cold War era. And this led to the annexation of the Crimean Peninsula in
2014 and the outbreak of war in Ukraine in 2022.
As Kosovo’s geopolitical importance has been confirmed, the United States
and Europe agree on the need to establish permanent peace in Kosovo for peace
in Europe. However, it is also true that there are still many obstacles to the
possibility of peace and coexistence between the Serbian and Kosovo
governments surrounding Kosovo today. Therefore, in this study, based on
theoretical discussions on the origins of national conflicts in Balkan Europe, I
will introduce the various aspects and characteristics of national conflicts in
Kosovo in the 21st century, and consider the possibility of their coexistence.
A Study on the Characteristics and Results of the Reform of Higher Education in Slovenia during the ‘Transition’
Authors:   East European and Balkan Institute, Kwon Hyok Jae
Published: June 2024

At the outset of Slovenia’s transition period, the urgent national task was to establish democracy, liberalism, and pluralistic values across all sectors. This comprehensive transition involved institutional reorganization in society, politics, education, and media, alongside reforms targeting the general public. Education emerged as a crucial tool for fostering and disseminating liberal democratic values, aiming to socialize individuals into understanding the moral, civic, and societal obligations of the new system. Slovenian school reform during this period was grounded in liberal democratic values, human rights, and knowledge. Initially, higher education reform lagged due to internal circumstances, with a focus on complementing previous socialist-era reforms rather than enacting substantive changes. However, upon Slovenia's accession to the European Union, a process of Europeanization swept across the nation, prompting the initiation of higher education reform aligned with the Bologna Process. Despite expectations, the Bologna Process encountered resistance in Slovenian higher education and yielded less favorable outcomes than anticipated. This study examines the foundational values of Slovenia’s educational reform for establishing a liberal democratic system and Europeanizing it, while also analyzing the controversies and results surrounding the ‘Bologna Process’, a key symbol of higher education globalization.
Multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of a victim with severe combined trauma complicated by massive blood loss to soft tissues (clinical case)
Authors: Vladimirova E. S. , Chernousov F. A. , Ivanov P. A. , Badygov S. A. , Rey S. I. , Berdnikov G. A. , Klychnikova E. V. , Alekseechkina O. A. , Popova I. E.
Published: June 2024

Using the example of clinical observation, the features of withdrawal from shock, the possibility of using hemofiltration in the early stages after severe combined trauma complicated by blood loss to soft tissues, which made it possible to avoid the development of infectious complications, are shown.
Experience in the application of minimally invasive percutaneous internal fixation for fractures of the proximal part of the femur
Authors: Yamshchikov O. N. , Yemelyanov S. A. , Belyaev A. A. , Chumakov R. V.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. Fractures of the proximal part of the femur are one of the most common fractures, especially for elderly patients. Most of them are low in energy and occur on the background of osteoporosis. Femoral neck fractures are one of the most frequent causes of hospitalization of patients in the trauma department. The treatment of fractures of the proximal part of the femur must be surgical. During fractures of the trochanteric region, there is a tendency to have a good consolidation of the internal fixation thanks to a rich vascularization of this region. The success rate of consolidation of femoral neck fractures is lower, which imposes the need for the use of the prosthesis. However, it is not always possible to carry out a major traumatic operation due to the presence of a serious somatic pathology of the patient. The need to delay the surgical intervention may be the cause of the development of hypostatic complications and the absence of fracture consolidation, which, in turn, may aggravate the patient's condition and provoke the development of irreversible complications. In addition, the absence of fixation of the fracture induces the presence of the syndrome of strong pain that makes the quality of life of the patient worse. With the aim of rapid activation of patients with severe pathology, it has been proposed to use a minimally invasive means of percutaneous femoral neck internal fixation using pins without incising the skin and without open repositioning.

The aim of the study: to evaluate the results of therapy obtained using the method of percutaneous minimally invasive osteosynthesis in patients with fractures of the femur in the proximal section.

Materials and methods. According to the developed and presented method, therapeutic manipulations were performed for a fracture of the femur in the proximal section in 16 senile and long-livers patients, in whom extensive surgery was contraindicated or there was a need to delay it.

Results. The treatment performed avoided thromboembolic complications, hypostatic complications in 94 %of cases and intraoperative delirium.

Conclusion. The application of early fracture fixation increases the success rate of fracture consolidation compared to conservative treatment, which activates the patient, reduces pain and improves the quality of his life.
Options for processing enamel before manufacturing an adhesive splinting structure
Authors: Starovoytova V. S.
Published: June 2024

Relevance. The durability of a splint depends on a number of factors: the level of oral hygiene, the degree of tooth mobility, the presence of occlusal trauma, and the strength of adhesion of the splint-dental interface. In turn, the issues of adhesion are inextricably linked to the anatomical features of the structure of hard tissue, particularly enamel. The correct execution of the cleaning, removal of the aprismatic layer and acid etching steps in the fabrication of an extracoronal splint determines the quality of adhesion at the tire-tooth interface.

The aim of the study is to study the enamel surface structure in preparation for extracoronal splinting of teeth.

Material and research methods. The 40 teeth were divided into 4 groups depending on the chosen method of preparation for fixation of the reinforcement structure in the extracoronal splint: brushing with paste, treatment with air-abrasive and ultrasonic methods, preparation with a fine-dispersed diamond boron.

Results of the study. The preparation of enamel surface with fine diamond boron with particle size of 20 µm and acid etching with 37 % orthophosphoric acid determined a uniform character of microstructure, in the full volume the etched areas of enamel prisms amounted to 98.55±0.51 % of the total surface area of the treated enamel.

Conclusion. The preparation of the enamel surface with a fine diamond boron removes the aprismatic layer, ensuring the longevity of the fabricated splint by creating a high-quality "hybrid" layer at the splint-dental interface.
Prognostic factors in patients with hepatocellular cancer with progression after liver transplantation
Authors: Dzhanyan I. A. , Novruzbekov M. S. , Olisov O. D. , Breder V. V.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. Hepatocellular cancer is the most frequent primary malignant neoplasm of the liver, developing against the background of viral hepatitis, alcohol abuse, metabolic disorders, cirrhosis. Most often hepatocellular cancer is diagnosed at late stages of the disease, when patients are no longer subject to specific treatment. The priority method of treatment of early stages remains surgical. In the absence of cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis the best option is liver resection, in other cases orthotopic liver transplantation is performed. However, when hepatocellular cancer is diagnosed, most patients fall outside the Milan criteria, and the bridge to orthotopic liver transplantation is down-stage therapy. Bridge therapy is used to treat hepatocellular cancer while awaiting liver transplantation and aims to prevent stage progression. The probability of progression of hepatocellular cancer after orthotopic liver transplantation within the first two years is about 75% and about 10% is detected after the fourth year. Progression of hepatocellular cancer remains the main factor limiting the life expectancy of patients after orthotopic liver transplantation.

The aim of the study: to evaluate the results of antitumor treatment of patients with hepatocellular cancer progression after liver transplantation.

Materials and methods. We evaluated the results of treatment of 50 patients with hepatocellular cancer progression after orthotopic liver transplantation, who were treated on the basis of FGBU NMI Center of Oncology named after N.N. Blokhin. N.N. Blokhin Oncology Center in the period from 2009 to 2020. We analyzed and evaluated overall and recurrence-free survival depending on the bridge therapy, type of treatment, presence of vascular invasion and portal vein thrombosis.

Results. According to the results of bridge therapy, hepatocellular cancer stage progression was observed in 9 patients, stabilization - in 17 patients, partial/complete response – in 9 patients. The median recurrence-free survival of patients who received bridge therapy and down-stage therapy was 23.6 months; among patients who did not, it was 35.6 months. The median overall survival with surgical treatment was 79.8 months, whereas with radiation therapy it was 17.2 months. 

Conclusions. In the studied group of patients the treatment was tolerated satisfactorily. Optimization of immunosuppression protocol and modification of dose regimens of systemic therapy is considered as a condition for treatment, which leads to improvement of long-term treatment results (overall and relapse-free survival).
Desenvolvimento Turístico Sustentável pela perspectiva da Teoria do Commons: uma revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Lacerda Leonardo Lincoln Leite de , Biz Alexandre Augusto
Published: June 2024

É notória a necessidade de trabalhar para a sustentabilidade, o que inclui a atividade turística. Isso requer trabalhar os aspectos ambiental, econômico e social de forma equilibrada, bem com os interesses dos atores envolvidos no desenvolvimento turístico. Para tanto, a Teoria do Commons é um apoiador nesse processo, pois se baseia em ações coletivas para lidar com recursos compartilhados. Assim, com o objetivo de analisar relações de pesquisa existentes na literatura científica entre commons e turismo, foi desenvolvida uma revisão integrativa da literatura, tendo como fundamento as cinco etapas definidas por Tranfield, Denyer e Smart (2003). As bases de dados selecionadas foram o Google Scholar, a SciELO, a Scopus e a Web of Science, e as buscas sistemáticas ocorreram no dia primeiro de julho de 2021. Para gestão dos estudos, foi utilizado o EndNote Web, bem como o programa Excel. Dos 163 estudos levantados, 22 foram selecionados após o uso de critérios de exclusão e inclusão. Os principais resultados encontrados foram: a) a percepção de um aumento moderado de estudos sobre a relação turismo e commons; b) o levantamento de uma diversidade de atores envolvidos no bem comum turístico; c) o entendimento de certos conflitos que devem ser trabalhados em destino turístico sustentável; d) o uso de variadas formas de regulação dos recursos compartilhados na atividade turística; e) cinco ações para desenvolver um turismo sustentável baseado na Teoria do Commons. Em relação a futuras pesquisas, sugere-se estudar se ações tomadas em prol de um turismo sustentável utilizam a Teoria do Commons e como se desenvolvem a gestão e a governança desse processo, além de identificar e analisar quais recursos turísticos são adequados à prática do bem comum.
Global left frontal cortex connectivity attenuates the adverse effect of brain atrophy on global cognition in non-dementia participants
Authors: Du Wenying , Ding Changchang , Zhong Jiayi , Fan Chunqiu , Li Yuxia , Jiang Jiehui , Han Ying
Published: June 2024

Aim: To investigate whether higher global left frontal cortex (gLFC) connectivity, a potential neural substrate of cognitive reserve (CR), mitigates the impact of brain atrophy on cognition in non-dementia participants.

Methods: A total of 43 clinically diagnostic normal controls (NC), 63 subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and 30 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were recruited, who underwent resting-state fMRI and structural MRI scans. The gLFC connectivity was defined as the average positive functional connectivity between the left frontal cortex and each voxel in the gray matter. Hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, and amygdala volume volumes/intracranial volume ratio (HpVR, PhgVR, and AmyVR) values were computed as measures of brain atrophy. In general linear analysis, interaction term gLFC connectivity × brain atrophy on global cognition performance were tested, which were repeated in women and men separately. The Trial registration number is NCT03370744.

Results: Significant interaction effects of HpVR * gLFC connectivity (P = 0.031) and PhgVR * gLFC connectivity (P = 0.006) were observed, while AmyVR * gLFC connectivity (P = 0.088) showed a marginal significance. After accounting for APOE ε4 carrying status or diagnosis based on amyloidosis, the significant results still existed. In separate analysis, the significant interaction effects of HpVR * gLFC connectivity (P = 0.004), PhgVR * gLFC connectivity (P = 0.017), and AmyVR * gLFC connectivity (P = 0.027) were only observed in men, not in women.

Conclusion: The gLFC connectivity is associated with greater resilience against the adverse effect of specified brain atrophy on global cognition, which is more effective in men.
Thermal stability prediction of copolymerized polyimides via an interpretable transfer learning model
Authors: Zhang Yu , Fang Yating , Li Ling , Xu Tongle , Peng Fang , Li Xiong , Xu Guangrui , Lv Wei , Li Minjie , Ding Peng
Published: June 2024

To address the issues with molecular representation of copolymerized polyimides (PIs) and the mini dataset of PI powders. We constructed an interpretable machine learning (ML) model for PI films using the weighted-additive Morgan Fingerprints with Frequency descriptors and developed an interpretable transfer learning model for PI powders. To enhance Thermal Stability (Temperature at 5% weight loss) of PI films and powders, it is recommended to add conjugated functional groups to diamines, control phenyl ring side chains, and reduce pyridine and hydroxyl groups; select copolyimides (co-PIs); ensure that anhydride is directly connected to the benzene ring in dianhydrides, avoiding aliphatic cycles. It is noteworthy that the close alignment between experimental results and model predictions serves to confirm the model is a reliable prediction tool. It is hoped that this polymer informatics approach will provide further implementation for practical applications of other functional materials.
Obesity and diabetes in heart disease in women
Authors: Fatade Yetunde A. , Dave Esha K. , Vatsa Nishant , Crumbs Tre’Cherie , Calhoun Avery , Sharma Ashish , Shufelt Chrisandra L. , Mehta Puja K.
Published: June 2024

Heart disease remains a major health threat in women. Cardiometabolic risk factors such as obesity and diabetes differentially and adversely impact heart disease risk. Although obstructive coronary artery disease is an important cause of ischemic heart disease in women and is prognostic, women are more likely to have angina and myocardial ischemia without obstructive atherosclerosis, which has been attributed to coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD). Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is another condition that predominates in women. CMD and HFpEF are both associated with cardiometabolic risk factors that are prevalent in women. Women are also more likely to have additional risk-enhancing conditions such as autoimmune dysfunction, chronic inflammation, and sex-specific hormonal factors that adversely influence risk. In this review, we focus on cardiometabolic risk factors of obesity and diabetes in heart disease in women, including ischemic heart disease from CMD, HFpEF, and arrythmias. Team-based care to focus on cardiometabolic risk reduction is needed to alter adverse heart disease outcomes in women. Identification, education, treatment, and active surveillance of these dysmetabolic risk factors are imperative in the primary and secondary prevention of heart disease in women.
Transdermal Delivery of Paclitaxel-Anionic Nanoparticles to Epidermis Layer, Pterostilbene, and Pterostilbene glycoside, and Their Application for Treatment of Skin Cancer and Wrinkle
Authors: Hamada Hiroki , Uesugi Daisuke , Ishihara Kohji , Hosoda Ryusuke , Shimoda Kei , Kuboki Atsuhito , Uchida Noriyuki , Kiriake Yuya
Published: June 2024

Composite nanoparticles, “anionic bicelles”, composed of anionic phospholipid of 1,2- dipalmitoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphorylglycerol (DPPG) and paclitaxel were prepared by mixing them in water and a subsequent heating/cooling/ultrasonicating process. Anionic DPPG-paclitaxel nanoparticles (particle size: 12 nm) could be prepared after ultrasonic fragmentation at low temperature of 4°C. Upon addition of fluorescently labeled paclitaxel nanoparticles stabilized with DPPG to rat skin tissue (in vitro), the nanoparticles “anionic bicelles” (particle size: 12 nm) infiltrated into the epidermis layer penetrating stratum corneum (intercellular space: ca. 100 nm). In addition, during the anti-skin cancer test using mouse model of skin cancer, our study revealed that the numbers of papillomas of the mouse applied with paclitaxel nanoparticles stabilized with DPPG, “anionic bicelles”, to mouse skin were decreased, although those of the mouse applied with paclitaxel itself to mouse skin (control) were increased. Thus, this study established that since paclitaxel nanoparticles stabilized with DPPG could permeate stratum corneum and be incorporated into the epidermis layer of mouse, they could also treat skin cancer (in vivo). On the other hand, a mixture of anionic phospholipids, sodium cholate and Technol PG, allowed for formation of anionic nanoparticles, “anionic liposomes”, (particle size: 3 nm). This study established that as pterostilbene and pterostilbene glycoside could permeate stratum corneum and be incorporated into the epidermis layer, they could also treat wrinkle.
A Proof of the Riemann Hypothesis Based on a New Expression of the Completed Zeta Function
Authors: Zhang Weicun
Published: June 2024

The Riemann Hypothesis (RH) is proved based on a new absolutely convergent expression of $\xi(s)$, which was obtained from the Hadamard product, through paring $\rho_i$ and $\bar{\rho}_i$, and taking the possible multiple zeros into consideration with their real (unique and unchangeable) multiplicities, i.e. $$\xi(s)=\xi(0)\prod_{\rho}(1-\frac{s}{\rho})=\xi(0)\prod_{i=1}^{\infty}(1-\frac{s}{\rho_i})(1-\frac{s}{\bar{\rho}_i})=\xi(0)\prod_{i=1}^{\infty}\Big{(}\frac{\beta_i^2}{\alpha_i^2+\beta_i^2}+\frac{(s-\alpha_i)^2}{\alpha_i^2+\beta_i^2}\Big{)}^{d_{i}}$$ where $\xi(0)=\frac{1}{2}$, $\rho_i=\alpha_i+j\beta_i$ and $\bar{\rho}_i=\alpha_i-j\beta_i$ are the complex conjugate zeros of $\xi(s)$, $0<\alpha_i<1$ and $\beta_i\neq 0$ are real numbers, $d_i\geq 1$ is the real multiplicity of $\rho_i$, $\beta_i$ are arranged in order of increasing $|\beta_i|$, i.e., $0<|\beta_1|\leq|\beta_2|\leq|\beta_3|\leq \cdots$, $i =1,2,3, \cdots, \infty$.\\ Then, according to the functional equation $\xi(s)=\xi(1-s)$, we have $$\prod_{i=1}^{\infty}\Big{(}1+\frac{(s-\alpha_i)^2}{\beta_i^2}\Big{)}^{d_{i}}=\prod_{i=1}^{\infty}\Big{(}1+\frac{(1-s-\alpha_i)^2}{\beta_i^2}\Big{)}^{d_{i}}$$ which, owing to the uniqueness and unchangeableness of $d_i$ (see Lemma 3 for the proof details), is equivalent to $$\Big{(}1+\frac{(s-\alpha_i)^2}{\beta_i^2}\Big{)}^{d_{i}}=\Big{(}1+\frac{(1-s-\alpha_i)^2}{\beta_i^2}\Big{)}^{d_{i}} \Leftrightarrow \alpha_i=\frac{1}{2}, 0<|\beta_1|<|\beta_2|<|\beta_3|<\cdots; i =1,2,3, \cdots, \infty$$ Thus, we conclude that the RH is true.
Theory of Differences between Elements: Explanation of the Differences between Quantum Physics and the Theory of General Relativity
Authors: Cardoso Carlos Eduardo Ramos
Published: June 2024

The Theory of differences between elements explains the reasons for the differences in physical concepts between different elements, such as quantum physics and the Theory of general relativity, being explained through observations. Thus, it is possible to conclude from the observations that the differences are motivated by the reactions between the elements, by the composition of the elements, and by the influence of the spaces that promote losses and gains of characteristics; therefore, there is no general similarity between quantum physics and the general Theory of relativity. The study aims to understand the elements and their physical concepts that make up the Universe.
Alena Tensor and Its Possible Applications in Unification Theories
Authors: Ogonowski Piotr , Skindzier Piotr
Published: June 2024

Alena Tensor is a recently discovered class of energy-momentum tensors that provides a mathematical framework in which, as demonstrated in previous publications, the description of a physical system in curved spacetime and its description in flat spacetime with fields are equivalent and the metric tensor is not a property of spacetime, but a method of describing it. The use of Alena Tensor to describe a system with an electromagnetic field, leads to reconciliation of physical descriptions. In the curvilinear description, EFE were obtained with Cosmological Constant related to the invariant of the electromagnetic field tensor, which can be interpreted as negative pressure of the vacuum, filled with the electromagnetic field. In the classical description for flat spacetime, three densities of four-forces were obtained: electromagnetic, gravity, and the force responsible for the Abraham-Lorentz effect (radiation reaction force). There was obtained Lagrangian density and generalized canonical four-momentum, containing the four-potential of electromagnetic field and a term responsible for the remaining two forces. In the quantum picture, a QED Lagrangian density simplification was obtained, and the Dirac, Schrödinger and Klein-Gordon equations are approximations of the obtained quantum solution. The article also shows, that the distribution of charged matter can be expressed as polarization-magnetization stress-energy tensor, what indicates explanation why gravity is not visible in the spinor-based description of matter used in QED. The description used also leads to a conclusion, that charged particles cannot remain at complete rest and that they should have spin. Obtained connection of the Einstein tensor with gravity and the radiation reaction force, after transition to curvilinear description, excludes black hole singularities. Finally, a method for verifying Alena Tensor within QM was presented, and the article discusses prospects for farther use of Alena Tensor in unification applications, against the background of existing research directions.
Small Fish Big Impact: Improving Nutrition during Pregnancy and Lactation, and Empowerment for Marginalized Women
Authors: Saha Manika , Ng Heidi , Odjidja Emmanuel Nene , Saha Mallika , Olivier Patrick , McCaffrey Tracy A , Thilsted Shakuntala Haraksingh
Published: June 2024

Undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies such as anemia are considered significant public health challenges in Bangladesh, which enhancing fish consumption is a well-established food-based intervention to address these. This paper documents the establishment of community-based fish chutney production and reports the impact of its consumption on mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and hemoglobin (Hb) levels among targeted 150 pregnant and lactating women (PLW) in rural Bangladesh. A fish chutney was developed using locally available ingredients followed by a series of laboratory tests, including nutrient composition, shelf-life and food safety. A community-based fish chutney production process was designed to: 1) supply locally available ingredients for processing; 2) establish two fish drying sites; 3) initiate a community-based production site, and 4) distribute fish chutney to PLW by six women nutrition field facilitators for one year. Then a pre- and post-intervention study was designed for a selected 150 PLW to receive 30g of fish chutney daily for 12 months. Differences in mean mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and hemoglobin (Hb) levels pre- and post-consumption were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. Consumption of 30g of fish-chutney resulted in significant increases of the mean values of Hb levels and MUAC among the targeted PLW.
Linking the Expansion of the Universe to the Dimension of Time
Authors: Jarvis Gary
Published: June 2024

We present a new theory to explain the expansion of the universe that augments general relativity to create a container within which quantum effects can be explained by treating time as an artefact of a fourth spatial dimension. The theory is tested by accurately modelling against stellar luminosity data that is available for redshifts, z
Efficacy and Safety of Magnesium Sulfate as an Adjunct to Ropivacaine Wound Infiltration in Thyroid Surgery.
Authors: Laskou Stiliani , Tsaousi Georgia , Pourzitaki Chryssa , Papazisis Georgios , Kesisoglou Isaak , Sapalidis Konstantinos
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective: To assess wound infiltration with ropivacaine plus magnesium sulfate for pain relief following thyroid surgery.
Background: Analgesia with local anesthetics following surgery is a critical element of alleviating postoperative pain. However, such strategies in neck surgery has not been a well-established practice.
Methods: This prospective double-blind randomized study enrolled 68 patients who underwent thyroid surgery. Concerning the solution used for surgical wound infiltration the study participants were randomly allocated into three groups: 1) 100 mg of ropivacaine (Group R), 2) 100mg of ropivacaine plus magnesium sulfate 10mg/kg (Group RMg), and 3) normal saline which served as placebo (Group P). Pain perception both at rest and at movement, was measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at 30 minutes, as well as 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively. The total consumption of analgesics in morphine equivalents was also recorded. Moreover, adverse effects and patient satisfaction were recorded. Cortisol, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels were measured 30 minutes before infiltration, 6 hours and 24 hours postoperatively.
Results: Demographics and clinical characteristics were similar between the groups. The VAS scores at rest and during movement were significantly lower in the RMg group compared to saline or ropivacaine groups. Total analgesic consumption was also significantly lower in the RMg group. No operational, wound or infiltration-related adverse effects were recorded in the study groups. Better overall satisfaction was obtained for the group RMg.
Conclusions: Ropivacaine plus magnesium sulfate wound infiltration provided better pain control and analgesic effect was more significant, contributing to effective postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing thyroid surgery.
Current Regulations for Transporting Medicines Using a Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS)
Authors: Velasquez Perez Ana Sofia , Gonzalez Murillo Daniel Eduardo , Melo Daza Pedro Fernando
Published: June 2024

The document sets out three differentiated proposals for the transport of medicines through RPAS with their respective regulations, adapted to different operational categories: open category, special category and military scope. In the open category, an economical and efficient solution is prioritized for urban and rural areas, complying with weight and height regulations, in addition to guaranteeing the stability and quality of medications during transportation. The special category allows more complex operations and in more adverse conditions, such as densely populated areas and long routes, incorporating advanced security measures and training for personnel. In the military field, RPAS are used in conflict zones and hard-to-reach areas, ensuring the safe and rapid delivery of medical supplies under extreme conditions. Success stories in different countries are highlighted, demonstrating significant improvements in delivery times and risk reduction for health personnel.
Clinical analysis of the influence of surface roughness in the primary stability and osseointegration of dental implant: Study in humans
Authors: Brum Igor da Silva , Elias Carlos Nelson , Lopes João Carlos Amorim , Frigo Lucio , dos Santos Paulo Gonçalo Pinto , de Carvalho Jorge José
Published: June 2024

The first treatments with dental implants had low success rates (75%). Nowadays, oral rehabilitation with titanium dental implants has a high success rate (95-98%). The success rate significantly increases due to increased scientific knowledge about osseointegration, changes in surgical techniques, and the development of implant surface treatments. Despite the high success rate of implants, no protocol defines the time for the prosthesis to be installed and loaded after surgery. This work compares a new dental implant's primary (mechanical) and secondary (osseointegration) stability. Dental implant with micro- and nano-roughness surface was placed in 24 patients with a minimum of 35 N.cm and a maximum of 60 N.cm. Primary stability was quantified with a torque wrench and Ostell Mentor. The secondary stability 45 and 60 days after surgery was measured with Ostell. The results showed no statistical difference in secondary stability at 45 and 60 days postoperatively among implants. The success rate of dental implants can be associated with the surface morphology with micro and nano-roughness and the shape of the fillets of the implant threads. When the manufacturer's guidelines are followed, it is possible to prosthetically rehabilitate the patient with an implant 45 days after surgery.
Physical and chemical characterization of Ugandan honey and its comparison to Manuka honey
Authors: D'Souza Astrid , Mehall Adam , Alguno Arnold , Lubguban Arnold , Malaluan Roberto , Dumancas Gerard
Published: June 2024

Honey is a very cost-efficient food source and a valuable export for the country of Uganda, but is commonly adulterated, resulting in consumers not being aware of the contents of their honey. As a result, it is important to be able to authenticate the honey that consumers are purchasing. This study evaluated the physicochemical properties (pH, free acidity, metal determination, moisture content, and FTIR spectra) of Ugandan and Manuka honey. Honey pH values ranged from 3.3 to 4.8 (±0.6) while free acidity values ranged from 34.87 to 62.22 (±8.69). The moisture content values of all honey samples were below 22%. The metal concentrations and functional groups present in Ugandan and Manuka honey were determined. Metal analysis by atomic absorption spectrometry detected five elements (Na, Ca, K, Cu, and Pb) in all honey samples in varying concentrations. The elemental concentrations were found in descending order as follows: sodium (Na) (9.38 ppm), calcium (Ca) (4.99 ppm), potassium (K) (2.48 ppm), copper (Cu) (1.87 ppm), lead (Pb) (0.28 ppm). FTIR analysis revealed similar patterns of spectral curve (O-H stretching and C-H stretching) across all honey samples analyzed, which is consistent with previously analyzed honey samples from other studies. Ugandan honey sample 7 collected in the Masaka Region was found to be most similar to the Manuka honey standard based on its observed physiochemical properties. All properties analyzed suggested Ugandan honey is of good quality and safe for consumption.
Measurements of decoherence in small sea-level extensive air showers
Authors: Clay Roger
Published: June 2024

A study is made of the progressive ‘decoherence’ of cosmic ray extensive air shower particle detector signals in small air showers through measurements of coincidence rates for pairs of detectors versus the detector separation. Measurements are made both when only the two separated detectors themselves trigger in coincidence, and when that coincidence trigger also requires the detection of a local air shower by a small external air shower array. The addition of the explicit air shower trigger ensures that the latter data correspond to showers of a larger particle size, and triggering by very localised shower cores is then unlikely. When including a shower trigger, the decoherence results appear substantially different in form. The coincidence rate between two detectors only can be approximated by a power law variation with separation distance. When triggering involves an air shower array, the variation becomes close to an exponential form with characteristic exponent distances varying systematically with increasing detector and air shower size thresholds. A result is that one can see that small air showers will exhibit clear non-Poissonian density fluctuations near their cores out to distances of ~5m, or at shower energies below ~0.05 PeV. These ideas can be helpful in understanding the statistical properties of signals when using large detectors in air shower arrays.
Assessing Response Rates and Sleep Disorder Prevalence: Insights from a Propranolol Treatment Study for Infantile Hemangiomas
Authors: Opri Francesca , Opri Roberta , Zaffanello Marco , Rigotti Erika
Published: June 2024

Background: Infantile haemangiomas (IH) may require treatment with propranolol. Sleep disturbances are the most fre-quently reported side effects. Monitoring drug adverse events necessitates repeated hospital visits, despite the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
Objectives: To explore the effectiveness of a new electronic questionnaire in identifying sleep disturbances as adverse events to treatment and potential confounders. To evaluate the response rate to the questionnaire. To report the propor-tion of patients on propranolol with sleep disturbances.
Methods: In an observational, prospective cohort study, caregivers provided clinical information at office visits and via an electronic questionnaire after an 8-week treatment course and at treatment interruption. Adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting forms were evaluated for causality assessment.
Results: The questionnaire response rate was 91%, and the completion rate was 100%. The prevalence of sleep disturb-ances as adverse reactions was 59%. Sleep disorders were more frequent during sleep regression phases and in subjects who fell asleep with physical contact with caregivers or bed-sharing with parents.
Conclusion: The application of this questionnaire allows for identifying sleep-adverse events associated with propranolol in IH and potential confounders. Counselling on sleep hygiene is recommended before treatment onset
Pattern Formation in a Model of Inflammation
Authors: El Hajj Wissam , Kuznetsov Maxim , Volpert Vitaly
Published: June 2024

Inflammation is the body’s response to infection, injury, or other stimuli. Acute inflammation is a crucial component of the immune system’s defense, aimed at eliminating infected or damaged cells and halting disease progression. A subtle interaction between pro- and anti-inflammatory processes determines its progression to inflammation resolution or to chronic inflammation. In this study, we propose a generic model of inflammation through a system of reaction-diffusion equations involving various inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cells and cytokines. We investigate the formation of patterns, determined by the emergence of Turing structures, through linear stability analysis and numerical simulations. These theoretical findings are further supported by observations of similar patterns in skin diseases.
Evaluation of Open-Source Ciliary Analysis Software in Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia: A Comparative Assessment
Authors: Demetriou Zachary J. , Muñiz-Hernández José , Rosario-Ortiz Gabriel , Quiñones Frances M. , Gonzalez-Diaz Gabriel , Ramos-Benitez Marcos J. , Mosquera Ricardo A. , De Jesús-Rojas Wilfredo
Published: June 2024

Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by alterations in motile cilia func-tion. The diagnosis of PCD is challenging due to the lack of standardized methods in clinical practice. High-speed video microscopy analysis (HSVA) directly evaluates ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in PCD. Recently, open-source ciliary analysis software applications have shown promise in measuring CBF accurately. How-ever, there is limited knowledge about the performance of different software applications, creating a gap in understanding their comparative effectiveness in measuring CBF in PCD. We compared two open-source software applications, CiliarMove and Cilialyzer, against the manual count method. We used videos rec-orded at high-speed of nasal ciliary brush samples from PCD patients and healthy controls. All three meth-ods showed lower median CBF values in PCD patients than healthy controls. CiliarMove and Cilialyzer identified lower CBF in PCD patients, similar to the manual count. Cilialyzer, CiliarMove and manual count demonstrated statistical significance (p-value < 0.0001) in the difference of median CBF values be-tween PCD and healthy controls. These findings support the utility of open-source software-based analysis tools. Further studies are needed to validate these findings with other genetic variants and identify the op-timal software for accurate CBF measurement in PCD.