bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria in selected street food and water samples
Authors: Tabassum Anika , Saha Mihir Lal , Islam Mohammad Nurul
Published: October 2018

Present study was conducted to determine the bacteria and their multi-drug resistance pattern of Velpuri and water of Velpuri shop of different areas of Dhaka city. A total of 74 bacteria were isolated of which 26 isolates were subjected for further study. Eleven and 15 isolates from 26, were found Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. Three isolates of Gram-positive bacteria were found rod shaped and spore formers which were identified as Bacillus spp. while eight isolates were found round shaped and nonspore formers and identified as Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Planococcus, Micrococcus. In case of Gramnegative bacteria, Alcaligenes, Escherichia, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Proteus, Klebsiella, Yersinia were found to be associated with the samples. Among 26 isolates Pseudomonas and Planococcus were found to be dominating genera. Besides provisional identification, four selected isolates were further confirmed through molecular characterization based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Antibiotic sensitivity test results revealed that isolated bacteria were resistant against common antibiotics like penicillin G (80.77%), vancomycin (61.53%) and rifampicin (57.70%). Among the isolates Pseudomonas, Enterobacter cloacae, Eshcherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus morganii, Yersinia enterocolitica were found to be multi-drug resistant which is very much alarming for the consumers.
Mineral nutrient composition of leaves and fruits of black table Olive cv. Gemlik
Authors: Başar Haluk , Gürel Serhat
Published: October 2018

A comparative study on mineral composition of the olive trees was made to see the changes in the content of the nutrient elements in the component (leaf and fruit) parts. Differences between the leaf and fruit mean concentrations of the whole elements examined were found to be statistically significant. Potassium and boron concentrations in the fruits were higher than that of the leaves. But, the concentration of the rest of the elements in the fruits was lower than the leaves.
Introduction: The Importance of Place and Openness in Spatial Humanities Research
Authors: Porter Catherine
Published: October 2018

Digital Humanities (DH) is a dynamic and developing field. In recent years, its evolution has been witnessed foremost in the growth of funded DH projects and through the willingness of scholars from diverse backgrounds to not only work in DH research, but also as ‘digital humanists’. One crucial component to DH research is that of spatial enquiry, the expansion of which has rapidly evolved from a small component often found buried in research objectives, to the research aim of a growing number of projects. Spatial humanities, while still a relatively new interdisciplinary field, is exhibiting continued advancement and focus from the academic community; however, working with digital data is rarely a straightforward pursuit, even for the most accomplished scholar. Primarily access to appropriate and reliable (spatial) datasets, the keystone of spatial humanities research, the sharing and openness of spatial methods, tools and data (SMTD), and education in the former, all remain a challenge.

Witnessing the continued rise of spatial humanities research, this special issue brings together a selection of articles delivered at Spatial Humanities 2016, a conference held at Lancaster University (UK). The aim of this multi-disciplinary conference was to explore and demonstrate the contribution to knowledge that spatial technologies in humanities research may enable within and beyond the digital humanities. Here, this introductory text and associated articles present key research that embodies the growing relevance of the spatial humanities across a plethora of fields and demonstrates several of the prevailing and enduring struggles when working in digital and spatial research. These articles emphasise that, despite common obstacles, spatial humanists make up an imaginative and thriving community keen to share innovation and knowledge and provide stimulating new insights through research.
Identifying patients with a history of ovarian cancer for referral for genetic counselling: non-randomised comparison of two case-finding strategies in primary care
Authors: Helsper Charles W , Van Vliet Liesbeth M , Velthuizen Mary E , de Wit Niek J , Beijaert Roy PH , Butter Els , van Gent-Wagemakers Marleen PL , Witteveen Els O , Zweemer Ronald P , van Dulmen Sandra M , Ausems Margreet GEM
Published: October 2018

Background

Recent guidelines recommend genetic counselling and DNA testing (GCT) for patients with ovarian cancer and survivors of ovarian cancer. Finding survivors of ovarian cancer is challenging. Detecting and referring them for GCT via primary care, to allow proper screening recommendations for patients and their family, may be a solution.

Aim

To compare the effectiveness and acceptance of two pilot strategies directed at case finding women with a history of ovarian cancer for referral for GCT by their GP.

Design and setting

Non-randomised comparison of the pilot implementation of two case-finding strategies for women with a history of ovarian cancer in Dutch primary care from May 2016 to April 2017.

Method

Strategy A (unsupported) asked GPs to identify and refer eligible patients with a history of ovarian cancer. Strategy B (ICT-supported) provided GPs with information and communication technology (ICT) support to identify patients with a history of ovarian cancer electronically. The effectiveness of each strategy was assessed as the proportion of patients who were approached, referred for GCT, and seen by the clinical geneticist. Acceptance of each strategy was assessed by the intervention uptake of GP practices and GP and patient questionnaires.

Results

Nineteen out of 30 (63%) patients identified with a history of ovarian cancer were deemed eligible for referral for strategy A, and 39 out of 94 (41%) for strategy B. For each strategy, eight patients were referred and five (63%) were seen for GCT. The intervention uptake by GP practices was 31% (11 out of 36) for strategy A and 46% (21 out of 46) for strategy B. GPs considered ‘relevance’ and ‘workability’ as facilitators across both strategies whereas, for strategy B, technical barriers hindered implementation.

Conclusion

The effectiveness and acceptance of both strategies for case finding of survivors of ovarian cancer in primary care for GCT is promising, but larger studies are required before wide-scale implementation is warranted.
Challenges of diagnosing and managing polymyalgia rheumatica: a multi-methods study in UK general practice
Authors: Helliwell Toby , Muller Sara , Hider Samantha L , Zwierska Irena , Lawton Sarah , Richardson Jane , Mallen Christian
Published: October 2018

Background

Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is one of the most common inflammatory arthritic disorders seen in older individuals. Most patients with PMR are diagnosed and managed exclusively in general practice, yet primary care-focused research is lacking.

Aim

To identify and explore the challenges of diagnosis and management of PMR in general practice.

Design and setting

A multi-methods study in UK primary care.

Method

The multi-methods study comprised two complementary studies: a national questionnaire survey of 5000 randomly selected GPs from across the UK; and a qualitative semi-structured telephone interview study of UK GPs. Simple descriptive statistics were used to analyse questionnaire data. A thematic approach was used to analyse verbatim transcripts of the GP interviews.

Results

In total, 1249 (25%) GPs responded to the questionnaire survey. From this total, 24 GPs were interviewed for the qualitative study. Features used by GPs to identify PMR were largely in line with current guidance. Diagnosis was found to be challenging, with GPs relying heavily on response to treatment with glucocorticoids. Investigations advised by current British PMR guidance to attempt to rule out other causes for symptoms were not routinely requested. Concerns surrounding ongoing treatment with glucocorticoids were widespread in relation to both potential adverse effects and ongoing monitoring.

Conclusion

Focused strategies to investigate and therefore exclude non-PMR differential diagnoses are required for patients with new-onset suspected PMR symptoms. Additionally, ongoing active review for alternative causes for symptoms as well as vigilance for treatment complications needs to be implemented.
Pollen host selection by predominantly alpine bee species of the genera Andrena, Panurginus, Dufourea, Megachile, Hoplitis and Osmia (Hymenoptera, Apoidea)
Authors: Müller Andreas
Published: October 2018

The pollen host selection by 19 bee species, which have their main Central European distribution in the Alps, was assessed by microscopical analysis of the scopal contents of about 900 females from museum and private collections. The results of the pollen analyses were complemented by a literature survey as well as by field observations. The examined species widely vary in pollen host spectrum and specialization, revealing a fascinating diversity in bee host plant use. Observed patterns of host plant choice range from narrow specialists, which exclusively collect pollen from the flowers of a single plant genus, to pronounced generalists, which harvest pollen from the flowers of up to 17 different plant families. A quantitative character is given to separate the morphologically very similar females ofPanurginusherziandP.montanus.
Assessment of physicians’ and senior medical students’ knowledge in treatment of patients with community-acquired pneumonia: Current results of the KNOCAP project
Authors: Bontsevich Roman A. , Filinichenko Tatiana S. , Gavrilova Anna A. , Goncharova Natalia Y. , Myronenko Olena V. , Kompaniets Olga G. , Luchinina Elena V. , Shagieva Tatiana M. , Ni Oxana G. , Ketova Galina G. , Eliseeva Ekaterina V. , Bikkinina Guzel M. , Maximov Maxim L. , Osipova Olga A. , Shchurovskaya Kristina V. , Leonov Alexander A. , Milutina Elena V. , Barysheva Valeriya O. , Ofori Daniel K.
Published: October 2018

Introduction. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains one of the most acute problems of bronchopulmonary pathology being the 4th in the mortality structure (after cardiovascular, cerebrovascular diseases and malignant neoplasms) and the 1st among all fatalities from infectious diseases. Thanks to the scientific progress achieved in the antibiotic therapy and vaccine prophylaxis, the death toll has decreased four times compared to its rate during the “pre-antibiotic era“. However, nowadays there is a steadily increasing trend in the pneumonia mortality rate in Russia. The only possible way to increase efficacy of CAP treatment is timely initiated rational antibiotic therapy, considering the possible etiologies, risk factors and the severity of the patient’s condition.

Materials and methods. The article represents the results of anonymous prospective surveys within the framework of the KNOCAP multi-centered research project aimed at accessing the knowledge on the fundamental issues in diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. The survey involved 222 students in their fifth- and sixth years in medical institute from Belgorod, Dnepr (Dnipro), Voronezh, Kiev (Kyiv) and Saratov and 110 physicians from Krasnodar, Saratov, Belgorod and Dnepr.

Results and discussion. According to the results of the survey, such levels of correct answers were given by doctors and students, respectively: the inadmissibility of antimicrobial therapy (AMT) delay in CAP - 82% and 59%; the main criterion for withholding AMT - 56% and 37%; “sequential therapy” - 61% and 59%. At the same time, only 24% of the students and 23% of the physicians surveyed correctly reported typical mistakes in the treatment of a non-severe CAP with 50% or more accuracy; and in case of initial treatment, the number of correct responses was less than 28% for students and 45% for doctors.

Conclusion. The survey showed that both senior medical students majoring in Medical Care and general practitioners had a low level of knowledge in CAP treatment. Hence, curricula need to be adjusted both in medical universities and in health institutions for practitioners in order to inform them and, thus, improve the quality of their knowledge in this field.
Description of a new species of Saissetia from China (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Coccidae)
Authors: Zhang Na , Cao Tong , Feng Ji-Nian
Published: October 2018

The adult female of a new species of soft scale Saissetiapuerensis Zhang & Feng, sp. n. is described and illustrated from the genus Saissetia Deplanche, 1859. This species was collected on Lithocarpusuvariifolius (Hance) in Yunnan province, China. A key is provided to separate adult females of all Saissetia species known from China. A table is provided showing the distribution of Saissetia in various zoogeographical regions throughout the world.
Sixteen new species of the genus Pseudopoda Jäger, 2000 from China, Myanmar, and Thailand (Sparassidae, Heteropodinae)
Authors: Jiang Tongyao , Zhao Qingyuan , Li Shuqiang
Published: October 2018

Sixteen new species ofPseudopodaJäger, 2000 (Sparassidae, Heteropodinae) are described. Among them, eight species were collected from China:P.chayuensisZhao & Li,sp. n.(♂),P.conaensisZhao & Li,sp. n.(♂),P.medogensisZhao & Li,sp. n.(♂),P.nyingchiensisZhao & Li,sp. n.(♂),P.shacunensisZhao & Li,sp. n.(♂),P.shuoZhao & Li,sp. n.(♂♀),P.yuanjiangensisZhao & Li,sp. n.(♀) andP.zixiensisZhao & Li,sp. n.(♂); seven from Myanmar:P.colubrinaZhao & Li,sp. n.(♂♀),P.daxingZhao & Li,sp. n.(♂),P.gexiaoZhao & Li,sp. n.(♂),P.putaoensisZhao & Li,sp. n. (♂),P.subbirmanicaZhao & Li,sp. n.(♂♀),P.titanZhao & Li,sp. n.(♂♀),P.xiaZhao & Li,sp. n.(♂); and one from Thailand:P.maeklongensisZhao & Li,sp. n.(♂). A distribution map of the new species is also provided.
TARIM SEKTÖRÜNDE ÇALIŞANLARIN İŞ SAĞLIĞI VE GÜVENLİĞİNE YÖNELİK TUTUMLARI
Authors: GÜNAYDIN Davuthan , VATANSEVER Çiğdem , AKTUNA Ahmet
Published: October 2018

Tarım teknolojilerinde yaşanan gelişmeler ve karmaşıklaşan üretim süreci, çalışanların sağlık ve güvenliğini artan bir şekilde tehdit etmektedir. Diğer yandan tarımsal çalışmanın açık arazide mevsim koşullarının yarattığı zorluklarda ve yüksek fiziksel güç gerektirmesi risk boyutunu arttırmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı tarım çalışanlarının kendi işlerindeki riskleri nasıl algıladıklarını anlamak, çalışma alanlarına özgü ve en uygun iyileştirmeleri hayata geçirmek ve dolayısıyla mesleki sağlık ve güvenlik kültürünün gelişimine katkı sağlamaktır. Bu amaçla çalışmamız, Türkiye’nin en önemli tarım bölgelerinin başında gelen Trakya’daki üreticilerin İSG ye ilişkin tutum ve algılarını anlamayı ve etkileyen faktörleri incelemeyi hedeflemektedir. Bu maksatla Tekirdağ’daki çiftçilerin mesleki sağlık ve güvenliklerine yönelik bilgi, tutum ve algıları bir soru formu aracılığıyla ölçülmüştür. Bulgulara göre, katılımcıların iş sağlığı ve güvenliğine yönelik tutum ve algıları, demografikler özelliklerin yanı sıra; gelir düzeyi, toplam ekilen arazi büyüklüğü, çalışılan gün sayısı gibi pek çok faktöre göre değişmektedir. İş sağlığı ve güvenliği hakkında bilgilendirilmiş olmak tutum ve algılar ile alınan önlemleri olumlu yönde etkilemektedir.
EV HİZMETLERİ ALANINDA ÇALIŞAN YABANCI KADIN İŞGÜCÜNÜN İNCELENMESİ: İZMİR İLİ ALAN ARAŞTIRMASI
Authors: UĞUR Suat , ÖZDEMİR Yeşim
Published: October 2018

Günümüzde değişen ve gelişen ekonomik ve sosyal sebeplerden dolayı ev hizmetleri alanında çalışan kadınların sayısı artış göstermektedir. Ev hizmetleri alanında çalışan kadınların oluşturduğu alan artık daha fazla önem kazanarak ilerlemektedir. Ev hizmetleri alanı ile ilgili bilgilenme ve işgücünün feminizasyonu neticesinde ev hizmetlerinde çalışan işgücüne ihtiyacın artması günümüz araştırmalarında yer bulması sonucunu doğurmuştur. Bu çalışmada, ev hizmetleri alanında İzmir ilinde çalışan yabancı kadınların sosyo-ekonomik durumları incelenecek, ekonomik ve hukuki durumun ne derece doğru bir biçimde uygulandığı ortaya konulacaktır.
A preliminary study on the potential of front face fluorescence spectroscopy for Italian mono-cultivar extra virgin olive oil discrimination
Authors: Al Riza Dimas Firmanda , Kondo Naoshi , Catalano Pasquale , Giametta Ferruccio
Published: October 2018

Front-face fluorescence method has been used to obtain Fluorescence Excitation Emission Matrix (EEM) characteristic of various Italian monocultivar Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO), Mixed EVOO, and lower grade Virgin Olive Oil (VOO). Specific region of EEM has been explored using Principle Component Analysis (PCA). It was found that EEM region of excitation 250-400 and emission 280-620 nm could be used to discriminate each sample type of different cultivar, mixed sample, and virgin olive oil sample. The important fluorescence peaks for the discrimination belong to unique combination of Tocopherols, Tocotrienols, Phenolic compounds, Oxidation products, and Vitamin E. These results show that front-face Fluorescence EEM spectroscopy has a potential to be used for monocultivar EVOO discrimination.
Consequences of pond management for chironomid assemblages and diversity in English farmland ponds
Authors: Ruse Leslie P. , Greaves Helen M. , Sayer Carl D. , Axmacher Jan C.
Published: October 2018

Ponds represent a large potential resource for biodiversity in agricultural areas of lowland Europe though many are lost through natural succession towards damp woodland depressions (terrestrialisation). Managing ponds back towards their former open-water state may result in dramatic increases of biodiversity, even on heavily farmed land. Here, evidence is presented of the effects of terrestrialised farmland pond restoration on chironomid assemblages. Chironomid pupal exuviae were collected from three terrestrialised ponds on intensively-farmed land in North Norfolk, Eastern England. Two of the ponds had trees, scrub and sediment removed, while the third pond remained undisturbed as a control. Pupal exuviae collection resumed after the restoration period. In addition, nine unmanaged farm ponds and two formerly restored ponds were sampled. Nearby, another five restored ponds were also sampled for chironomid pupal exuviae. Water data revealed alkalinity, conductivity and phosphorus decreased while pH and dissolved oxygen increased after pond restoration. Chironomid species diversity, similarity and species compositional change were compared pre- and post-restoration. Assessments were made of chironomid species associated with colonisation of restored ponds as well as ponds without such management. After scrub and sediment removal the earliest colonisation of the ponds was by mud-eating species with rapid colonisation traits such as parthenogenesis, multiple generations in one year and tolerance of low oxygen conditions. Subsequent plant growth due to the opening up of the canopy led to consequent improved oxygenation and habitat structure. Other chironomid species dependent on these conditions were then able to compete with the early colonisers. Restoration also made a significant improvement in the number of chironomid species, as assessed by rarefaction curves.
Die Parthenogenesis in die Apostolicum en die Symbolum Nicenoconstantinopolitanum
Authors: Koekemoer P.J. Theo
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Die Epifanie in die ou testament en sy konsekwensies vir die teologie
Authors: Oberholzer J.P.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Boekbespreking
Authors: Viljoen C.J.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Sharp Poincaré inequalities in a class of non-convex sets
Authors: Brandolini Barbara , Chiacchio Francesco , Dryden Emily B. , Langford Jeffrey J.
Published: October 2018

Let

\gamma

be a smooth, non-closed, simple curve whose image is symmetric with respect to the

y

-axis, and let

D

be a planar domain consisting of the points on one side of

\gamma

, within a suitable distance

\delta

of

\gamma

. Denote by

\mu_1^{\textup{odd}}(D)

the smallest nontrivial Neumann eigenvalue having a corresponding eigenfunction that is odd with respect to the

y

-axis. If

\gamma

satisfies some simple geometric conditions, then

\mu_1^{\mathrm{odd}}(D)

can be sharply estimated from below in terms of the length of

\gamma

, its curvature, and

\delta

. Moreover, we give explicit conditions on

\delta

that ensure

\mu_1^{\mathrm{odd}}(D)=\mu_1(D)

. Finally, we can extend our bound on

\mu_1^{\mathrm{odd}}(D)

to a certain class of three-dimensional domains. In both the two- and three-dimensional settings, our domains are generically non-convex.
Precursors and formation of secondary organic aerosols from
wildfires in the Euro-Mediterranean region
Authors: Majdi Marwa , Sartelet Karine , Lanzafame Grazia Maria , Couvidat Florian , Kim Youngseob , Chrit Mounir , Turquety Solene
Published: October 2018

Abstract. This work aims at quantifying the relative contribution of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursors emitted by wildfires to organic aerosol (OA) formation, during summer 2007 over the Euro-Mediterranean region, where intense wild-fires occurred. A new SOA formation mechanism, H2Oaro, including recently identified aromatic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from wildfires is developed based on smog chamber experiment measurements, under low and high-NOx regimes. The aromatic VOCs included in the mechanism are toluene, xylene, benzene, phenol, cresol, catechol, furan, naphthalene, methylnaphthalene, syringol, guaiacol and structurally assigned and unassigned compounds with at least 6 carbon atoms per molecule (USC>6). This mechanism H2Oaro is an extension of the H2O (Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic organic) aerosol mechanism: the oxidation of the precursor forms surrogate species with specific thermodynamic properties (volatility, oxidation degree, affinity to water). The SOA concentrations over the Euro-Mediterranean region in summer 2007 are simulated using the chemistry transport model (CTM) Polair3D of the air-quality plateform Polyphemus, where the mechanism H2Oaro was implemented. To estimate the relative contribution of the aromatic VOCs, intermediate, semi and low volatile organic compounds (I/S/L-VOCs) to wildfires OA concentrations, different estimations of the gaseous I/S/L-VOC emissions (from primary organic aerosol (POA) using a factor of 1.5 or from non-methanic organic gas (NMOG) using a factor of 0.36) and their ageing (one-step oxidation vs multi-generational oxidation), are also tested in the CTM.Most of the particle organic aerosol (OA) concentrations are formed from I/S/L-VOCs. In average during the summer 2007 and over the Euro-Mediterranean domain, they are about 10 times higher than the OA concentrations formed from VOCs. However, locally, the OA concentrations formed from VOCs can represent up to 30 % of the OA concentrations from biomass burning. Amongst the VOCs, the main contributors to SOA formation are phenol, benzene and catechol (47 %), USC>6 compounds (23 %), and toluene and xylene (12 %). Sensitivity studies of the influence of the VOCs and the I/S/L-VOCs emissions and chemical ageing mechanisms on PM2.5 concentrations show that surface PM2.5 concentrations are more sensitive to the parameterization used for gaseous I/S/L-VOCs emissions than for ageing. Estimating the gaseous I/S/L-VOCs emissions from POA or from NMOG has a high impact on local surface PM2.5 concentrations (reaching −30 % in Balkans, −8 to −16 % in the fire plume and +8 to +16 % in Greece). Considering the VOC emissions results in a moderate increase of PM2.5 concentrations mainly in Balkans (up to 24 %) and in the fire plume (+10 %).
Optimal Estimation Method Retrievals of Stratospheric Ozone
Profiles from a DIAL Lidar
Authors: Farhani Ghazal , Sica Robert J. , Godin-Beekmann Sophie , Haefele Alexander
Published: October 2018

Abstract. This paper provides a detailed description of the first principle Optimal Estimation Method (OEM) which is applied to ozone retrieval analysis using Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) measurements. The air density, detector dead times, background coefficients, and lidar constants are simultaneously retrieved along with ozone density profiles. Using an averaging kernel, the OEM provides the vertical resolution of the retrieval as a function of altitude. A maximum acceptable height at which the a priori has a small contribution to the retrieval is calculated for each profile as well. Moreover, a complete uncertainty budget including both systematic and statistical uncertainties is given for each individual retrieved profile. Long term stratospheric DIAL ozone measurements have been carried out at the Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP) since 1985. The OEM is applied to 3 nights of measurements at OHP during an intensive ozone campaign in July 2017 where coincident lidar-ozonesonde measurements are available. The retrieved ozone density profiles are in good agreement with both traditional analysis and the ozonesonde measurements. For the three nights of measurements, below 15 km the difference between the OEM and the sonde profiles is less than 25 %, at altitudes between 15 km to 25 km the difference is less than 10 %, and the OEM can successfully catch many variations of ozone which are detected in the sonde profiles due to its ability to adjust its vertical resolution as the signal varies. Above 25 km the difference between the OEM and the sonde profiles does not exceed 20 %.
Drilling-induced and logging-related features illustrated from IODP–ICDP Expedition 364 downhole logs and borehole imaging tools
Authors: Lofi Johanna , Smith David , Delahunty Chris , Le Ber Erwan , Brun Laurent , Henry Gilles , Paris Jehanne , Tikoo Sonia , Zylberman William , Pezard Philippe A. , Célérier Bernard , Schmitt Douglas R. , Nixon Chris ,   Expedition 364 Science Party
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Expedition 364 was a joint IODP and ICDP mission-specific platform (MSP) expedition to explore the Chicxulub impact crater buried below the surface of the Yucatán continental shelf seafloor. In April and May 2016, this expedition drilled a single borehole at Site M0077 into the crater's peak ring. Excellent quality cores were recovered from ∼505 to ∼1335 m below seafloor (m b.s.f.), and high-resolution open hole logs were acquired between the surface and total drill depth. Downhole logs are used to image the borehole wall, measure the physical properties of rocks that surround the borehole, and assess borehole quality during drilling and coring operations. When making geological interpretations of downhole logs, it is essential to be able to distinguish between features that are geological and those that are operation-related. During Expedition 364 some drilling-induced and logging-related features were observed and include the following: effects caused by the presence of casing and metal debris in the hole, logging-tool eccentering, drilling-induced corkscrew shape of the hole, possible re-magnetization of low-coercivity grains within sedimentary rocks, markings on the borehole wall, and drilling-induced changes in the borehole diameter and trajectory.
Developing community-based scientific priorities and new drilling proposals in the southern Indian and southwestern Pacific oceans
Authors: McKay Robert , Exon Neville , Müller Dietmar , Gohl Karsten , Gurnis Michael , Shevenell Amelia , Henrys Stuart , Inagaki Fumio , Pandey Dhananjai , Whiteside Jessica , van de Flierdt Tina , Naish Tim , Heuer Verena , Morono Yuki , Coffin Millard , Godard Marguerite , Wallace Laura , Kodaira Shuichi , Bijl Peter , Collot Julien , Dickens Gerald , Dugan Brandon , Dunlea Ann G. , Hackney Ron , Ikehara Minoru , Jutzeler Martin , McNeill Lisa , Naik Sushant , Noble Taryn , Opdyke Bradley , Pecher Ingo , Stott Lowell , Uenzelmann-Neben Gabriele , Vadakkeykath Yatheesh , Wortmann Ulrich G.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. An International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) workshop
was held at Sydney University, Australia, from 13 to 16 June 2017 and was
attended by 97 scientists from 12 countries. The aim of the workshop was to
investigate future drilling opportunities in the eastern Indian Ocean,
southwestern Pacific Ocean, and the Indian and Pacific sectors of the Southern
Ocean. The overlying regional sedimentary strata are underexplored relative
to their Northern Hemisphere counterparts, and thus the role of the Southern
Hemisphere in past global environmental change is poorly constrained. A
total of 23 proposal ideas were discussed, with ∼ 12 of these
deemed mature enough for active proposal development or awaiting scheduled
site survey cruises. Of the remaining 11 proposals, key regions were
identified where fundamental hypotheses are testable by drilling, but either
site surveys are required or hypotheses need further development.
Refinements are anticipated based upon regional IODP drilling in 2017/2018,
analysis of recently collected site survey data, and the development of site
survey proposals. We hope and expect that this workshop will lead to a new
phase of scientific ocean drilling in the Australasian region in the early
2020s.
Global monsoon and ocean drilling
Authors: Wang Pinxian , Tada Ryuji , Clemens Steven
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The IODP-PAGES Workshop on Global Monsoon in Long-term Records was held on
7–9 September 2017, in Shanghai, China. Forty-eight scientists from 12
countries exchanged scientific findings from the seven recent IODP
monsoon-related expeditions (see Table 1), discussed future research
directions, and strongly recommended that monsoon system behavior be included
in a future IODP initial science plan because it is one of the most active
factors in the global climate system and crucially influences the global
hydrological cycle.
IODP workshop: Core-Log Seismic Investigation at Sea – Integrating legacy data to address outstanding research questions in the Nankai Trough Seismogenic Zone Experiment
Authors: Cerchiari Anna , Fukuchi Rina , Gao Baiyuan , Hsiung Kan-Hsi , Jaeger Dominik , Kaneki Shunya , Keller Jonas , Kimura Gaku , Kuo Szu-Ting , Lymer Gaël , Maison Tatiana , Motohashi Ginta , Regalla Christine , Singleton Drake , Yabe Suguru
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The first International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Core-Log-Seismic
Integration at Sea (CLSI@Sea) workshop, held in January–February 2018,
brought together an international, multidisciplinary team of 14 early-career
scientists and a group of scientific mentors specialized in subduction zone
processes at the Nankai Trough, one of the Earth's most active
plate-subduction zones located off the southwestern coast of Japan. The goal
of the workshop was to leverage existing core, log, and seismic data
previously acquired during the IODP's Nankai Trough Seismogenic Zone
Experiment (NanTroSEIZE), to address the role of the deformation front of the
Nankai accretionary prism in tsunamigenic earthquakes and slow slip in the
shallow portion of the subduction interface. The CLSI@Sea workshop was
organized onboard the D/V Chikyu concurrently with IODP Expedition
380, allowing workshop participants to interact with expedition scientists
installing a long-term borehole monitoring system (LTBMS) at a site where the
workshop's research was focused. Sedimentary cores from across the
deformation front were brought onboard Chikyu, where they were made
available for new description, sampling, and analysis. Logging data, drilling
parameters, and seismic data were also available for investigation by
workshop participants, who were granted access to Chikyu laboratory
facilities and software to perform analyses at sea. Multi-thematic presentations facilitated knowledge transfer between the
participants across field areas, and highlighted the value of
multi-disciplinary collaboration that integrates processes across different
spatiotemporal scales. The workshop resulted in the synthesis of existing
geophysical, geologic, and geochemical data spanning IODP Sites C0006,
C0007, C0011 and C0012 in the NanTroSEIZE area, the identification of key
outstanding research questions in the field of shallow subduction zone
seismogenesis, and fostered collaborative and individual research plans
integrating new data analysis techniques and multidisciplinary approaches.
Los accidentes laborales y la prevención de riesgos en los editoriales de la prensa española (ABC, El País y El Mundo, 1994-2014)
Authors: Arce García Sergio , Menéndez Menéndez María Isabel
Published: October 2018

El estudio de los editoriales de la prensa española –El País, El Mundo y ABC– en un estudio transversal a lo largo de dos décadas revela que estos dedican escasos esfuerzos a la siniestralidad laboral y su prevención. Tras la publicación en 1995 de la Ley de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales, la mayor cantidad de editoriales se deriva de graves accidentes en el periodo de máxima siniestralidad en España. Desde 2007, con la crisis económica, los editoriales prácticamente desaparecen, siendo utilizada la prevención como excusa para acusar a sindicatos de desvío de fondos. En el presente artículo, utilizando la metodología del Framing, se determina que, aunque los encuadres principales son coincidentes, el tratamiento es distinto. Mientras ABC y El Mundo acusan a los sindicatos, El País pide más voz para ellos, dando importancia a sectores productivos donde estos son más fuertes como la minería y la industria.
Cuando renacer como el ave Fénix es posible: el caso Plebiscito-Nobel de Juan Manuel Santos Calderón
Authors: Arredondo Espinosa Alexis
Published: October 2018

El proceso de paz en Colombia entre el gobierno de Juan Manuel Santos Calderón y la guerrilla de las FARC depende de un último paso para su aprobación: un plebiscito. Sin embargo, la victoria del No en las urnas desata una incertidumbre que rodea el futuro del proceso. Solo un hecho de gran respaldo internacional podría salvar al acuerdo rechazado por los colombianos, algo grande, un Nobel. El propósito de este trabajo es saber, a través de un análisis de contenido cuantitativo, el tratamiento informativo desde el plebiscito sobre los acuerdos de paz en Colombia, hasta el día en que Juan Manuel Santos gana el premio Nobel de Paz. Los resultados están enfocados en la identificación de los actores principales, las temáticas más relevantes y, la relación de los hechos alrededor del Nobel y del plebiscito de la paz, con la imagen positiva y negativa de los acuerdos.
Análisis del tratamiento de la información económica en los códigos éticos y deontológicos en el entorno español
Authors: Berdasco-Gancedo Yolanda , Blanco Herrero David
Published: October 2018

La crisis económica y la corrupción han sido protagonistas de la agenda mediática en los últimos años. La primera generó un mayor interés por los procesos económicos y financieros y la segunda ha hecho que la ética gane visibilidad. Una revisión histórico-conceptual y una comparación de trece códigos éticos y deontológicos periodísticos muestran que, a pesar de la gran presencia de potenciales conflictos de interés en esta rama informativa, su tratamiento no recibe una especial atención en los códigos.
La matanza de Atocha: el relato de un crimen entre periodismo y novela negra
Authors: Cavazzino Valeria
Published: October 2018

En este estudio se quiere explorar la presencia de los elementos constitutivos del género negro en los textos que no pueden considerarse puramente literarios. El interés por esa tipología de escritos “híbridos”, que combinan las técnicas y las formas narrativas con los procedimientos más bien utilizados por el ámbito periodístico, se ha enfocado en el estudio de una serie de reportajes publicados por Rosa Montero en El País sobre el atentado de Atocha, ocurrido en 1977. Contribuye a la peculiaridad de los textos estudiados, la publicación del último capítulo de dicha serie de trabajos periodísticos, veintisiete años después de la aparición de las primeras tres partes. Se intentará, por lo tanto, demostrar como este aspecto aparentemente relacionado con la dimensión extratextual, afecte, más bien, a la naturaleza intrínseca de los textos mismos, contribuyendo a la elaboración del estudio, centrado en los puntos de contacto entre las modalidades expositivas y creativas propias de la literatura en su encuentro con las constitutivas del lenguaje periodístico.
El valor del periodismo local comprometido: Jacinto Ontañón y "El Papa Moscas!"
Authors: Chomón Serna José María
Published: October 2018

Los medios de comunicación local se enfrentan a una crisis que les sitúa en una posición de debilidad frente a los poderes económicos y políticos. En este contexto este trabajo rescata la figura de Jacinto Ontañón (1845-1917), primer periodista profesional de Burgos y uno de los más destacados de la España de su momento. Ontañón apostó por un periodismo social y ciudadano, defensor de los intereses generales, que otorgó a la información de proximidad la importancia de configurarse como un elemento de identidad con el territorio y la sociedad local. Precursor de un periodismo comprometido, Ontañón representa la demostración de la importancia del periodismo local, y nos ofrece las claves del éxito basadas en el compromiso y la independencia.
Propuesta socio-crítica para investigar las culturas periodísticas a partir de la revisión de "Worlds of Journalism Study" (2012-2015)
Authors: Gómez-Diago Gloria
Published: October 2018

Introducimos algunas propuestas metodológicas para estudiar las culturas periodísticas, y analizamos las preguntas realizadas a los periodistas en el Worlds of Journalism Study (2012-2015); para, a continuación, articular una perspectiva socio-crítica para investigar las culturas periodísticas. A partir de los niveles propuestos por Hanitzsch (2007): cognitivo, performativo y evaluativo; y con la intención de transcender la perspectiva que éstos aportan y que limita el estudio de las culturas periodísticas a la búsqueda de unos perfiles profesionales previamente definidos, en lugar de profundizar en los factores que definen a las culturas periodísticas (Martínez Nicolás, 2015); planteamos cinco dimensiones de análisis para investigar las culturas periodísticas: 1) Condiciones sociolaborales de los periodistas; 2) Modos de producción y metodologías de trabajo; 3) Relación del medio con empresas y gobierno; 4) Funciones de la información periodística en la vida de los ciudadanos; 5) Uso de la información periodística por parte de la ciudadanía.
El peso de la influencia de los gobiernos en las informaciones de la prensa de calidad
Authors: Méndez Nieto Antonio , León Gross Teodoro , Paniagua Ronao Francisco Javier
Published: October 2018

Una cuarta parte de las informaciones difundidas por la prensa, en sus secciones de información general más cercanas, tiene su origen en hechos que pueden vincularse directa o indirectamente a un gobierno. Ese es el resultado de esta investigación sobre el peso de la información de los gobiernos Central, Autonómicos y Locales en la prensa de referencia. Con una metodológica cuantitativa, el análisis de contenido evalúa 29.342 unidades informativas en el papel de los diarios nacionales, El País y El Mundo, y locales, Sur y Málaga Hoy, durante el año 2010. La prensa nacional es menos permeable a la publicación de estos contenidos frente a lo local. Por influencias, un 42% de las noticias se refieren al gobierno central, un 30% al regional y un 28% procede de las corporaciones locales y provinciales.
Periodismo interpretativo en la información política en España: análisis comparado con 15 países
Authors: Parratt Fernández Sonia , De Miguel Pascual Roberto , Berganza Conde Rosa
Published: October 2018

Este artículo parte de la hipótesis de que un bajo porcentaje de periodismo interpretativo perjudicaría la calidad de la información política y podría fomentar la apatía ciudadana hacia la política. Su objetivo es analizar la presencia de periodismo interpretativo en la cobertura mediática de información política en España y compararla con la de 13 países europeos, Estados Unidos e Israel. Los resultados revelan que la información política de los medios españoles contiene menos periodismo interpretativo que en el resto de países; sigue la tendencia del periodismo occidental a incorporar interpretación a los textos informativos; se caracteriza por una tendencia a incluir opiniones; y contiene más noticias con elementos interpretativos en los medios comerciales que en los públicos.
La influencia de los programas de televisión sensacionalistas en el panorama europeo: estudio de caso en España e Italia
Authors: De Casas Moreno Patricia , Marta Lazo Carmen , Aguaded Ignacio
Published: October 2018

La diversidad de los nuevos formatos audiovisuales ha provocado que las grandes empresas mediáticas se encuentren en constante competencia. Los programas televisivos de carácter sensacionalista, específicamente, los programas de «corazón» ocupan un papel importante en el panorama informativo actual. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar los hábitos de la audiencia de los programas de carácter sensacionalista, así como examinar los perfiles individuales y las perspectivas de éstos en España e Italia, concretamente en las provincias de Huelva y Turín. Como método de análisis cualitativo se han realizado un total de 24 entrevistas en profundidad (12 en España y 12 en Italia), validadas por expertos en la materia. Las conclusiones extraídas confirman la falta de alfabetización mediática de los espectadores y además, se hace patente el constante interés por la búsqueda del entretenimiento, a pesar de negar el visionado de los contenidos. En definitiva, la educación en medios se erige como asignatura necesaria para la conformación de una correcta actitud crítica.
The influence of journalistic chronicles on the constitution of urban identity
Authors: Cuesta Moreno Oscar Julián
Published: October 2018

This paper presents the results of an investigation that sought to determine to what extent the reading of urban chronicles influence the formation of urban identity. For this, it presents a conceptualization of urban identity from environmental psychology and analyzes the qualities of the urban chronicle describing places and dynamics that occurred in the city. On the other hand, an experimental exercise was carried out with a group of volunteers from the city of Bogotá, taking as an experimental variable the reading of a chronicle that narrates the daily life of a place in this city, applying a before and after enter the variable. The research was able to show that the reading of the proposed chronicle extended the information that the participants had about the place, allowing them to broaden their relationship with space and to account for the identity abstraction they maintain with it. Among other things, this result is explained by the fact that the urban chronicle makes it possible to problematize the view and to denaturalize the representations that the individual has over the place.
El “linchamiento mediático” en la República del Ecuador. ¿Coraza de protección para las figuras públicas o justicia para las audiencias?
Authors: Estrella Tutivén Ingrid Viviana , Díaz Vera Janeth Pilar , Valdés Cabrera Víctor
Published: October 2018

En Ecuador, la ley orgánica de comunicación (LOC) dio paso al surgimiento de nuevas reglamentaciones que debilitaron los poderes mediáticos concentrados en algunas familias acaudaladas. Entre esas normas existen nuevas figuras jurídicas, como el linchamiento mediático y la censura previa, que -durante el proceso de aprobación de la LOC- provocaron una fuerte polémica tanto en el poder legislativo, como en la esfera pública. El presente trabajo evalúa y analiza la percepción que tienen los periodistas ecuatorianos sobre el linchamiento mediático. La investigación tiene un enfoque cuali-cuantitativo y por su grado de profundidad es explicativa. En ella se aplicó la herramienta de la encuesta a una muestra no probabilística por conveniencia, representativa de los periodistas ecuatorianos. Al culminar la investigación se determinó que la figura del linchamiento mediático tiene aspectos en los cuales no existe la debida comprensión y genera dudas en su correcta aplicación.
Influencia social en las comunidades de cine: filmaffinity como caso de estudio
Authors: Gavilán Diana , Martínez-Navarro Gema , Fernández-Lores Susana
Published: October 2018

Las comunidades de cine online son redes sociales que promueven la interacción entre usuarios interesados en la cinematografía. A través de las evaluaciones numéricas, los comentarios y las recomendaciones de las películas, se genera un contenido capaz de influir en la elección de los usuarios. A partir del caso Filmaffinity, la mayor comunidad de cine de habla hispana, este trabajo analiza la influencia social informacional que se ejerce en las comunidades de cine. Se exponen los mecanismos de influencia identificando a los actores y diferenciando los tipos de contenidos: informativos, sociales y comerciales. El trabajo concluye con una agenda de investigación.
Análisis comparativo del discurso entre Hugo Chávez y Pablo Iglesias. ¿Cómo el neo lenguaje político influye en la ciudadanía?Análisis comparativo del discurso entre Hugo Chávez y Pablo Iglesias. ¿Cómo el neo lenguaje político influye en la ciudadanía?
Authors: Linares Rodríguez Virginia , Garcés Claros Diego
Published: October 2018

El presente análisis pretende establecer una comparación discursiva entre Hugo Chávez (ex presidente de Venezuela) y Pablo Iglesias (secretario General de Podemos en España) y cómo el neolenguaje político promovido por ambos líderes ha influido de forma directa en la ciudadanía. Asimismo, buscar y enfatizar sobre el origen de los mensajes transmitidos y, en cada caso, estudiar porqué han logrado tener protagonismo en la vida de las personas, tanto desde el punto de vista político como social y comunicativo.
Procesos de comunicación propia para vivir en armonía con la madre tierra en la comunidad indígena Sumu-Mayangna Fruta de Pan, 2016
Authors: Chavarría Picado Deysi Audely , Castillo Gómez Letisia
Published: October 2018

Esta crianza y recolección de conocimientos fue realizada en la comunidad indígena de Fruta de Pan, perteneciente a los pueblos autóctonos ancestrales denominados sumus, e identificados actualmente como sumu-mayangna, localizada a cuatro kilómetros del municipio de Rosita, Región Autónoma de la Costa Caribe Norte de Nicaragua. Entre los hallazgos encontrados resaltan, que el profundo conocimiento de los fenómenos que ocurren en la tierra, es una experiencia basada en la observación y en los saberes ancestrales de este pueblo, producida por una práctica comunicativa con los espíritus que habitan en cada espacio de la tierra, estableciendo de esa manera una vida armoniosa con el territorio. El estudio evidencia que la lengua de este pueblo está desapareciendo debido a un sistemático proceso de aculturación y, que sus prácticas comunicativas están conectadas a la madre tierra; considerada un ser vivo y dimensional, que comunica sentimientos, reglas y formas de procurar el bienestar, de allí que la vida comunitaria sea indispensable para compartir. Éste es un pueblo cuya fuerza superior radica en los sueños, que les previene de los peligros, o les revela la alegría que está por llegar. Sus alimentos son un arte tradicional.
Sistemas tradicionales de comunicación en el Pueblo Mayangna, territorio Sauni Bas comunidad de Sikilta, Siuna RACCN 2015-2016
Authors: Montoya Leal Yolanda , Flores Gómez Carlos Manuel
Published: October 2018

El presente estudio evidencia que los sistemas tradicionales de comunicación en el Pueblo indígena de Sikilta, relacionan las dimensiones espirituales, históricas y medioambientales, dirigidos por sukias y ancianos de la comunidad como princi- pales protagonistas de estos saberes, prácticas y valores. De acuerdo a los hallazgos encontrados, éste representa un sistema tradicional de comunicación que si bien se mantiene vivo en la comunidad a través de la escucha, el diálogo y la observación, dramáticamente han sido reconfigurados debido a la influencia de la cultura mestiza. En este proceso, la comunicación oral que se transmitía de generación en generación en el seno de las familias y la comunidad, se encuentra debilitada, por lo que se pro- pone que sean los medios de comunicación los encargados de propiciar el proceso de interlocución entre las culturas.