bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlated Lattice Instability and Emergent Charged Domain Walls at Oxide Heterointerfaces
Authors: Li Mengsha , Huang Zhen , Tang Chunhua , Song Dongsheng , Mishra Tara Prasad , Ariando Ariando , Venkatesan Thirumalai , Li Changjian , Pennycook Stephen J.
Published: September 2019

Charged domain walls provide possibilities in effectively manipulating electrons at nanoscales for developing next‐generation electronic devices. Here, using the atom‐resolved imaging and spectroscopy on LaAlO3/SrTiO3//NdGaO3 heterostructures, the evolution of correlated lattice instability and charged domain walls is visualized crossing the conducting LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterointerface. When increasing the SrTiO3 layer thickness to 20 unit cells and above, both LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 layers begin to exhibit measurable polar displacements to form a tail‐to‐tail charged domain wall at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface, resulting in the charged redistribution within the 2‐nm‐thick SrTiO3 layer close to the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface. The mobile charges in different heterostructures can be estimated by summing up Ti3+ concentrations in the conducting channel, which is sandwiched by SrTiO3 layers with interdiffusion and/or oxygen octahedral rotations. Those estimated mobile charges are quantitatively consistent with results from Hall measurements. The results not only shed light on complex oxide heterointerfaces, but also pave a new path to nanoscale charge engineering.
Photocatalyst‐Free Visible Light‐Induced Synthesis of β‐Oxo Sulfones via Oxysulfonylation of Alkenes with Arylazo Sulfones and Dioxygen in Air
Authors: Liu Qishun , Liu Fei , Yue Huilan , Zhao Xiaohui , Li Jiangsheng , Wei Wei
Published: September 2019

A catalyst‐free strategy has been established for the synthesis of β‐oxo sulfones via visible light‐induced oxysulfonylation of alkenes with arylazo sulfones with dioxygen in air. The present photoinduced transformation proceeds smoothly at room temperature in the absence of an external photosensitizer, which not only provides a mild and efficient approach to various β‐oxo sulfones, but also opens a different reaction mode for the photochemical reaction of arylazo sulfones.

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Targeting of Nanotherapeutics to Infection Sites for Antimicrobial Therapy
Authors: Dong Xinyue , Zhang Can Yang , Gao Jin , Wang Zhenjia
Published: September 2019

Bacterial infections cause a wide range of host immune disorders, resulting in local and systemic tissue damage. Antibiotics are pharmacological interventions for treating bacterial infections, but increased antimicrobial resistance and the delayed development of new antibiotics have led to a major global health threat, the so‐called “superbugs.” Bacterial infections consist of two processes: pathogen invasion and host immune responses. Developing nanotherapeutics to target these two pathways may be effective for eliminating bacteria and restoring host homeostasis, thus possibly finding new treatments for bacterial infections. This review offers new approaches for developing nanotherapeutics based on the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. The mechanisms through which nanoparticles target infectious microenvironments are outlined, alongside a discussion of techniques that used target phagocytes to deliver antibiotics to eliminate intracellular pathogens. A new concept is also reviewed—host‐directed therapy for bacterial infections, such as targeting immune cells for the delivery of anti‐inflammatory agents and vaccine developments using bacterial‐membrane‐derived nanovesicles. This review demonstrates the translational potential of nanomedicine for improving infectious disease treatments.
Animal modeling in bone research—Should we follow the White Rabbit?
Authors: Schafrum Macedo Aline , Cezaretti Feitosa Caroline , Yoiti Kitamura Kawamoto Fernando , Vinicius Tertuliano Marinho Paulo , dos Santos Dal‐Bó Ísis , Fiuza Monteiro Bianca , Prado Leonardo , Bregadioli Thales , Antonio Covino Diamante Gabriel , Ricardo Auada Ferrigno Cassio
Published: September 2019

Animal models are live subjects applied to translational research. They provide insights into human diseases and enhance biomedical knowledge. Livestock production has favored the pace of human social development over millennia. Today's society is more aware of animal welfare than past generations. The general public has marked objections to animal research and many species are falling into disuse. The search for an ideal methodology to replace animal use is on, but animal modeling still holds great importance to human health. Bone research, in particular, has unmet requirements that in vitro technologies cannot yet fully address. In that sense, standardizing novel models remains necessary and rabbits are gaining in popularity as potential bone models. Our aim here is to provide a broad overview of animal modeling and its ethical implications, followed by a narrower focus on bone research and the role rabbits are playing in the current scenario.
Outcomes after out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests by anaphylaxis: A nationwide population‐based observational study
Authors: Ota Ikuo , Kubota Yoshie , Uejima Toshifumi , Shigeoka Hironori , Hiraide Atsushi
Published: September 2019

Aim

The objective of this study was to focus on outcomes of anaphylaxis‐associated out‐of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in non‐cardiac cases.

Methods

All residents with OHCA due to non‐cardiac cause in Japan from 2013 to 2015 were included for analysis. Propensity score matching and logistic regression analyses were used to assess outcome‐related factors in anaphylaxis cases and non‐anaphylaxis cases. The comparison group was comprised of non‐anaphylaxis cases, which consisted of other cases of non‐cardiac etiology.

Results

A total of 375,874 OHCA cases were included, of which 148,598 were due to non‐cardiac cause. In these non‐cardiac OHCA cases, 147 were due to anaphylaxis, with an annual incidence of 0.04 per 100,000. In the patients’ characteristics, witnessed ratio, shockable rhythm, defibrillation by emergency medical services (EMS), and treatment with adrenaline by EMS were significantly greater in the anaphylaxis cases compared with the non‐anaphylaxis cases. In anaphylaxis cases, the crude 1‐month survival rate (32.7% versus 5.3%) and crude favorable neurological outcomes rate (24.5% versus 2.2%) were higher compared with non‐anaphylaxis cases (P < 0.001). The differences in outcomes between the two types of cases were also marked after we adjusted these variables by propensity score matching. By logistic regression analyses, administration of a drug by EMS was negatively associated with good neurological outcomes (odds ratio, 0.27; 95% confidence interval, 0.09–0.87), but bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation was positively associated with good neurological outcomes (odds ratio, 2.33; 95% confidence interval, 0.99–5.52).

Conclusion

Neurological outcome was markedly more favorable in cases with anaphylaxis than non‐anaphylaxis cases. Further studies are needed to explain this result.
Witnessing Quantum Speedup through Mutual Information
Authors: Wang Jing , Wu Yunan , Song Shixue
Published: September 2019

Achieving dynamical speedup of evolution in an open quantum system plays a key role in many technological applications. However, how to detect quantum speedup is unclear. In this work, a method to witness quantum speedup through the measure of the mutual information is presented. It is shown that the speed of evolution of a quantum system, can be witnessed by calculating the mutual information variation, whose increase is a clear signature of dynamical speedup. The result is explained by considering the time evolution of two qubits under a one‐sided noisy channel, finding out that the mechanism for the quantum speedup is closely associated with the total exchange of information between the system and its environment, which can be expressed by the variation of mutual information. Quantitatively, the average speed of evolution is shown proportional to the average variation of the mutual information in an interval of time. The conclusion can not only explain why the quantum entanglement (or quantum coherence) and the classical correlation are neither necessary nor sufficient to speed up the quantum evolution, but also give a vital way of detecting quantum speedup in realistic environments.
Efficient Non‐dissociative Activation of Dinitrogen to Ammonia over Lithium‐Promoted Ruthenium Nanoparticles at Low Pressure
Authors: Zheng Jianwei , Liao Fenglin , Wu Simson , Jones Glenn , Chen Tian‐Yi , Fellowes Joshua , Sudmeier Tim , McPherson Ian J. , Wilkinson Ian , Tsang Shik Chi Edman
Published: September 2019

There is an exciting possibility to decentralize ammonia synthesis for fertilizer production or energy storage without carbon emission from H2 obtained from renewables at small units operated at lower pressure. However, no suitable catalyst has yet been developed. Ru catalysts are known to be promoted by heavier alkali dopants. Instead of using heavy alkali metals, Li is herein shown to give the highest rate through surface polarisation despite its poorest electron donating ability. This exceptional promotion rate makes Ru–Li catalysts suitable for ammonia synthesis, which outclasses industrial Fe counterparts by at least 195 fold. Akin to enzyme catalysis, it is for the first time shown that Ru–Li catalysts hydrogenate end‐on adsorbed N2 stabilized by Li+ on Ru terrace sites to ammonia in a stepwise manner, in contrast to typical N2 dissociation on stepped sites adopted by Ru–Cs counterparts, giving new insights in activating N2 by metallic catalysts.
Dopant‐Free Squaraine‐Based Polymeric Hole‐Transporting Materials with Comprehensive Passivation Effects for Efficient All‐Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Xiao Qi , Tian Jingjing , Xue Qifan , Wang Jing , Xiong Bijin , Han Mengmeng , Li Zhen , Zhu Zonglong , Yip Hin‐Lap , Li Zhong'an
Published: September 2019

Development of high‐performance dopant‐free hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) with comprehensive passivation effects is highly desirable for all‐inorganic perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). Squaraines (SQs) could be a candidate for dopant‐free HTMs as they are natural passivators for perovskites. One major limitation of SQs is their relatively low hole mobility. Herein we demonstrate that polymerizing SQs into pseudo two dimensional (2D) p–π conjugated polymers could overcome this problem. By rationally using N,N‐diarylanilinosquaraines as the comonomers, the resulting polysquaraine HTMs not only exhibit suitable energy levels and efficient passivation effects, but also achieve very high hole mobility close to 0.01 cm−2 V−1 s−1. Thus as dopant‐free HTMs for α‐CsPbI2Br‐based all‐inorganic PVSCs, the best PCE reached is 15.5 %, outperforming those of the doped‐Spiro‐OMeTAD (14.4 %) based control devices and among the best for all‐inorganic PVSCs.
Multifunctional Tubular Organic Cage‐Supported Ultrafine Palladium Nanoparticles for Sequential Catalysis
Authors: Sun Nana , Wang Chiming , Wang Hailong , Yang Le , Jin Peng , Zhang Wei , Jiang Jianzhuang
Published: September 2019

The imine condensation reaction of 5,5′‐(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole‐4,7‐diyl)diisophthalaldehyde with cyclohexanediamine resulted in a shape‐persistent multifunctional tubular organic cage (MTC1). It exhibits selective fluorescence sensing towards divalent Pd ions with a very low detection limit (38 ppb), suggesting effective complexation between these two species. Subsequent reduction of MTC1 and Pd(OAc)2 with NaBH4 afforded a cage‐supported catalyst with well‐dispersed ultrafine Pd nanoparticles (NPs) in a narrow size distribution (1.9±0.4 nm), denoted as Pd@MTC1‐1/5. Such ultrafine Pd NPs in Pd@MTC1‐1/5, in cooperation with photocatalytically active MTC1, enable efficient sequential reactions involving visible light‐induced aerobic hydroxylation of 4‐nitrophenylboronic acid to 4‐nitrophenol and the following hydride reduction with NaBH4. This is the first example of a multifunctional organic cage capable of sensing, directing nanoparticle growth, and catalyzing sequential reactions.
Modulating Polymer Dispersity with Light: Cationic Polymerization of Vinyl Ethers Using Photochromic Initiators
Authors: Liu Di , Sponza Alvaro D. , Yang Dandan , Chiu Melanie
Published: September 2019

Deterministic methods for tuning polymer dispersity are rare, especially for nonradical polymerizations. Reported here is the first example of photomodulating dispersity in controlled cationic polymerizations of vinyl ethers using carboxy‐functionalized dithienylethene initiators. Reversible photoisomerization of these initiators induces changes in their acidities by up to an order of magnitude. Using the more acidic, ring‐closed isomers as initiators results in polymers with lower dispersities. The degree of light‐induced pKa change in the initiators correlates with the degree of dispersity change in polymers derived from the isomeric initiators. The polymerizations are controlled, and dynamic photoswitching of dispersity during the polymerization reaction was demonstrated. This work provides a framework for photomodulating dispersity in other controlled polymerizations and developing one‐pot block copolymerization reactions in which the dispersities of component blocks can be controlled using light.
Organic Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence with Strong Circularly Polarized Luminescence Based on Paracyclophanes
Authors: Liang Xiao , Liu Ting‐Ting , Yan Zhi‐Ping , Zhou Yan , Su Jian , Luo Xu‐Feng , Wu Zheng‐Guang , Wang Yi , Zheng You‐Xuan , Zuo Jing‐Lin
Published: September 2019

Pure organic materials with intrinsic room‐temperature phosphorescence typically rely on heavy atoms or heteroatoms. Two different strategies towards constructing organic room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) species based upon the through‐space charge transfer (TSCT) unit of [2.2]paracyclophane (PCP) were demonstrated. Materials with bromine atoms, PCP‐BrCz and PPCP‐BrCz, exhibit RTP lifetime of around 100 ms. Modulating the PCP core with non‐halogen‐containing electron‐withdrawing units, PCP‐TNTCz and PCP‐PyCNCz, successfully elongate the RTP lifetime to 313.59 and 528.00 ms, respectively, the afterglow of which is visible for several seconds under ambient conditions. The PCP‐TNTCz and PCP‐PyCNCz enantiomers display excellent circular polarized luminescence with dissymmetry factors as high as −1.2×10−2 in toluene solutions, and decent RTP lifetime of around 300 ms for PCP‐TNTCz enantiomers in crystalline state.
Time‐Dependent Photodynamic Therapy for Multiple Targets: A Highly Efficient AIE‐Active Photosensitizer for Selective Bacterial Elimination and Cancer Cell Ablation
Authors: Li Qiyao , Li Ying , Min Tianliang , Gong Junyi , Du Lili , Phillips David Lee , Liu Junkai , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Sung Herman H. Y. , Williams Ian D. , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Ho Chun Loong , Li Kai , Wang Jianguo , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: September 2019

Pathogen infections and cancer are two major human health problems. Herein, we report the synthesis of an organic salt photosensitizer (PS), called 4TPA‐BQ, by a one‐step reaction. 4TPA‐BQ presents aggregation‐induced emission features. Owing to the aggregation‐induced reactive oxygen species generated and a sufficiently small ΔEST, 4TPA‐BQ shows a satisfactorily high 1O2 generation efficiency of 97.8 %. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that 4TPA‐BQ exhibited potent photodynamic antibacterial performance against ampicillin‐resistant Escherichia coli with good biocompatibility in a short time (15 minutes). When the incubation duration persisted long enough (12 hours), cancer cells were ablated efficiently, leaving normal cells essentially unaffected. This is the first reported time‐dependent fluorescence‐guided photodynamic therapy in one individual PS, which achieves ordered and multiple targeting simply by varying the external conditions. 4TPA‐BQ reveals new design principles for the implementation of efficient PSs in clinical applications.
Nucleophilie von Glutathion als Bindeglied zur Reaktivität von Michael‐Akzeptoren
Authors: Mayer Robert J. , Ofial Armin R.
Published: September 2019

Deprotoniertes Glutathion gehört zu den potentesten biologischen Nucleophilen und spielt durch die Bildung kovalenter Konjugate mit Michael‐Akzeptoren eine wichtige physiologische Rolle bei der Zellentgiftung. Die ElektrophilieEverschiedener Michael‐Akzeptoren wurde kürzlich auf Basis der Patz‐Mayr‐Gleichung lg k2=sN(N+E) charakterisiert. Wir haben nun die nucleophile Reaktivität (N,sN) von Glutathion (GSH) in wässriger Lösung bei 20 °C bestimmt, um publizierte GSH‐Reaktivitäten (kGSH) mit der Mayr‐Elektrophilieskala zu verbinden. Auf diese Weise lässt sich die ElektrophilieEvon mehr als 70 Michael‐Akzeptoren abschätzen, was dazu genutzt werden kann, systematisch neue Reaktionen mit einer Vielzahl an Nucleophilen vorherzusagen, deren NucleophilieparameterN/sNbekannt sind.
Visible‐Light‐Driven Janus Microvehicles in Biological Media
Authors: Pacheco Marta , Jurado‐Sánchez Beatriz , Escarpa Alberto
Published: September 2019

A light‐driven multifunctional Janus micromotor for the removal of bacterial endotoxins and heavy metals is described. The micromotor was assembled by using the biocompatible polymer polycaprolactone for the encapsulation of CdTe or CdSe@ZnS quantum dots (QDs) as photoactive materials and an asymmetric Fe3O4 patch for propulsion. The micromotors can be activated with visible light (470–490 nm) to propel in peroxide or glucose media by a diffusiophoretic mechanism. Efficient propulsion was observed for the first time in complex samples such as human blood serum. These properties were exploited for efficient endotoxin removal using lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli O111:B4 as a model toxin. The micromotors were also used for mercury removal by cationic exchange with the CdSe@ZnS core–shell QDs. Cytotoxicity assays in HeLa cell lines demonstrated the high biocompatibility of the micromotors for future detoxification applications.
Bifunctional Small‐Molecule Ligands of K‐Ras Induce Its Association with Immunophilin Proteins
Authors: Zhang Ziyang , Shokat Kevan M.
Published: September 2019

Here we report the design, synthesis, and characterization of bifunctional chemical ligands that induce the association of Ras with ubiquitously expressed immunophilin proteins such as FKBP12 and cyclophilin A. We show this approach is applicable to two distinct Ras ligand scaffolds, and that both the identity of the immunophilin ligand and the linker chemistry affect compound efficacy in biochemical and cellular contexts. These ligands bind to Ras in an immunophilin‐dependent fashion and mediate the formation of tripartite complexes of Ras, immunophilin, and the ligand. The recruitment of cyclophilin A to GTP‐bound Ras blocks its interaction with B‐Raf in biochemical assays. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of ligand‐induced association of Ras with intracellular proteins and suggests it as a promising therapeutic strategy for Ras‐driven cancers.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed C−H Activation Enabled by an Indium Metalloligand
Authors: Yamada Ryosuke , Iwasawa Nobuharu , Takaya Jun
Published: September 2019

Rhodium complexes with an indium metalloligand were successfully synthesized by utilizing a pyridine‐tethered cyclopentadienyl ligand as a support for an In−Rh bond. The indium metalloligand dramatically changes the electronic and redox properties of the rhodium metal, thereby enabling catalysis of sp2C−H bond activation.
Strong Enhancement of π‐Electron Donor/Acceptor Ability by Complementary DD/AA Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Liu Cheng‐Hao , Niazi Muhammad Rizwan , Perepichka Dmitrii F.
Published: September 2019

π‐Conjugated organic materials possess a wide range of tunable optoelectronic properties which are dictated by their molecular structure and supramolecular arrangement. While many efforts have been put into tuning the molecular structure to achieve the desired properties, rational supramolecular control remains a challenge. Here, we report a novel series of supramolecular materials formed by the co‐assembly of weak π‐electron donor (indolo[2,3‐a]carbazole) and acceptor (aromatic o‐quinones) molecules via complementary hydrogen bonding. The resulting polarization creates a drastic perturbation of the molecular energy levels, causing strong charge transfer in the weak donor–acceptor pairs. This leads to a significant lowering (up to 1.5 eV) of the band gaps, intense absorption in the near‐IR region, very short π‐stacking distances (≥3.15 Å), and strong ESR signals in the co‐crystals. By varying the strength of the acceptor, the characteristics of the complexes can be tuned between intrinsic, gate‐, or light‐induced semiconductivity with a p‐type or ambipolar transport mechanism.
Nucleophilicity of Glutathione: A Link to Michael Acceptor Reactivities
Authors: Mayer Robert J. , Ofial Armin R.
Published: September 2019

Deprotonated glutathione is among the most potent biological nucleophiles and plays an important physiological role in cellular detoxification by forming covalent conjugates with Michael acceptors. The electrophilicityEof various Michael acceptors was characterized recently according to the Patz–Mayr relation lg k2=sN(N+E). We now determined the nucleophilic reactivity (N,sN) of glutathione (GSH) in aqueous solution at 20 °C to connect published GSH reactivities (kGSH) with Mayr's electrophilicity scale (E). In this way, electrophilicitiesEof more than 70 Michael acceptors could be estimated, which can now be used to systematically predict novel reactions with the multitude of nucleophiles whose nucleophilicity parametersN/sNare known.
Controlled Growth of CH3NH3PbBr3 Perovskite Nanocrystals via a Water–Oil Interfacial Synthesis Method
Authors: Li Fangfang , Cao Liya , Shi Shuangshuang , Gao Heng , Song Li , Geng Chong , Bi Wengang , Xu Shu
Published: September 2019

Fundamental insights into the reaction kinetics of organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (LHP NCs) are still limited due to their ultrafast formation rate. Herein, we develop a water–oil interfacial synthesis of MAPbBr3 NCs (MA=CH3NH3+), which prolongs the reaction time to tens of minutes. This method makes it possible to monitor in situ the formation process of MAPbBr3 NCs and observe successive spectral evolutions from 438 to 534 nm in a single reaction by extending reaction time. The implementation of this method depends on reducing the formation rate of PbBr64− octahedra and the diffusion rate of MA. The formation of PbBr64− is a rate‐determining step, and the biphasic system offers a favorable reaction condition to control the mass transfer of MA. The effects of temperature and concentration of precursor and ligand are investigated in detail.
Self‐Assembly of a Phosphate‐Centered Polyoxo‐Titanium Cluster: Discovery of the Heteroatom Keggin Family
Authors: Li Ning , Liu Jiang , Liu Jing‐Jing , Dong Long‐Zhang , Li Shun‐Li , Dong Bao‐Xia , Kan Yu‐He , Lan Ya‐Qian
Published: September 2019

Over the past 200 years, the most famous and important heteroatom Keggin architecture in polyoxometalates has only been synthesized with Mo, W, V, or Nb. Now, the self‐assembly of two phosphate (PO43−)‐centered polyoxo‐titanium clusters (PTCs) is presented, PTi16 and PTi12, which display classic heteroatom Keggin and its trivacant structures, respectively. Because TiIV has lower oxidate state and larger ionic radius than MoVI, WVI, VV, and NbV, additional TiIV centres in these PTCs are used to stabilize the resultant heteroatom Keggin structures, as demonstrated by the cooresponding theoretical calculation results. These photoactive PTCs can be utilized as efficient photocatalysts for highly selective CO2‐to‐HCOOH conversion. This new discovery indicates that the classic heteroatom Keggin family can be assembled with Ti, thus opening a research avenue for the development of PTC chemistry.
Coordination Booster‐Catalyst Assembly: Remote Osmium Outperforming Ruthenium in Boosting Catalytic Activity
Authors: Mandal Tanmoy , Singh Vivek , Choudhury Joyanta
Published: September 2019

Presented herein is a set of bimetallic and trimetallic “coordination booster‐catalyst” assemblies in which the coordination complexes [RuII(terpy)2] and [OsII(terpy)2] acted as boosters for enhancement of the catalytic activity of [RuII(NHC)(para‐cymene)]‐based catalytic site. The boosters accelerated the oxidative loss of para‐cymene from the catalytic site to generate the active catalyst during the oxidation of alkenes and alkynes into corresponding aldehydes, ketones and diketones. It was found that the boosting efficiency of the [OsII(terpy)2] units was considerably higher than its congener [RuII(terpy)2] unit in these assemblies. Mechanistic studies were conducted to understand this unique improvement.
A novel ABCD1 gene mutation causes adrenomyeloneuropathy in a Chinese family
Authors: Wang Chao , Liu Hongchao , Han Bing , Zhu Hui , Liu Jingyao
Published: September 2019

Background

Adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) is a rare genetic disease. In this study, a case of AMN was uncovered in a Chinese family.

Methods

Clinical manifestations were collected and observed through medical records, physical examination, laboratory tests, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Generation sequencing of the ABCD1 gene was performed, and the pedigree of the family was analyzed.

Results

The proband suffered from adrenocortical insufficiency at 8 years old and presented with a slowly progressive gait disorder at 21 years old. Physical examination, laboratory tests, and MRI showed that he had adult‐onset AMN manifestations, including spasticity and hyperactive tendon reflexes with Hoffman and Babinski signs in the limbs, difficulty in performing the heel‐to‐shin test, hyperpigmentation, increased levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone and very long‐chain fatty acids, decreased levels of corticosteroid and serum gesterol, and salient atrophy of the cervical and thoracic spinal cord. DNA analysis revealed a missense variant, c.290A>C (p.His97Pro) in exon 1 of the ABCD1 gene, in the proband. Sanger sequencing confirmed that the proband's mother was heterozygous for the same variant. The ABCD1 gene mutation transmitted in an X‐linked inheritance manner.

Conclusion

A novel missense mutation in the ABCD1 gene was identified in a Chinese family, which caused an unusual manifestation of adult‐onset AMN. This discovery is beneficial for the genetic counseling of patients with X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy.
Clinical outcomes for ibrutinib in relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma in real‐world experience
Authors: Jeon Young‐Woo , Yoon Seugyun , Min Gi June , Park Sung‐Soo , Park Silvia , Yoon Jae‐Ho , Lee Sung‐Eun , Cho Byung‐Sik , Eom Ki‐Seong , Kim Yoo‐Jin , Kim Hee‐Je , Lee Seok , Min Chang‐Ki , Lee Jong Wook , Cho Seok‐Goo
Published: September 2019

Ibrutinib is highly effective in patients with relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) in major clinical trials. Although there has been a dramatic improvement in survival outcomes in the salvage setting, nonresponders to ibrutinib have a bleak prognosis. Therefore, this retrospective study was conducted to identify the most appropriate therapeutic strategy and prognosis‐related factors to predict the response of patients with relapsed or refractory MCL to ibrutinib monotherapy. Thirty‐three consecutive refractory or relapsed MCL patients treated with ibrutinib were analyzed in this study. The median overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) after initiation of ibrutinib were 35.1 months and 27.4 months, respectively. Risk factor analysis showed that high risk according to the Mantle Cell Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (MIPI) and nonresponse to ibrutinib at the first three cycles were significantly associated with inferior OS. Poor PFS was associated with high‐risk biologic MIPI, prior bendamustine exposure, and nonresponse to ibrutinib during the first three cycles. After ibrutinib failure, primary nonresponders had poorer OS and PFS than inconsistent responders. The overall response rate for the first salvage therapy was only 33%, with a median TTP of 3.2 months. There was no effective therapeutic strategy except for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). Although ibrutinib responders exhibited favorable survival outcomes, nonresponders had a dismal prognosis. To overcome these limitations, it may be necessary to modify therapeutic strategies, such as selecting inconsistent responders for earlier allo‐HSCT.
Thyroid dose‐volume thresholds for the risk of radiation‐related hypothyroidism in nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with intensity‐modulated radiotherapy—A single‐institution study
Authors: Huang Cheng‐Long , Tan Hong‐Wen , Guo Rui , Zhang Yuan , Peng Hao , Peng Liang , Lin Ai‐Hua , Mao Yan‐Ping , Sun Ying , Ma Jun , Tang Ling‐Long
Published: September 2019

Background

To identify thyroid dose‐volume thresholds for radiotherapy (RT)‐related hypothyroidism (HT) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with intensity‐modulated RT (IMRT). In this way, we desired to guide the design of treatment plans and, finally, lower HT prevalence.

Methods

In total, 345 NPC patients treated with IMRT were evaluated retrospectively during a median follow‐up of 45.2 (range, 11.3‐64.9) months. Serum‐based assessments of thyroid function before and after IMRT were monitored periodically. Thyroid dose‐volume parameters were analyzed for their association with HT risk.

Results

In total, 44.1% of patients (152/345) developed primary HT. Analyses of thyroid dose‐volume parameters identified a stringent dose‐volume histogram (DVH) threshold defined by V25Gy (the percentage thyroid volume that receives >25 Gy, not the absolute volume) ≤60%, V35Gy ≤ 55%, and V45Gy ≤ 45%. Patients whose thyroid DVHs satisfied these constraints had a lower prevalence of 2‐year HT compared with the overall prevalence (13.2% vs 25.8%, P < .001). Another DVH was defined by V25Gy > 95%, V35Gy > 90%, and V45Gy > 75%, and patients whose thyroid DVHs satisfied with these constraints had a higher prevalence of 2‐year HT than the overall incidence (36.0% vs 25.8%, P < .001).

Conclusion

We recommend V25Gy ≤ 60%, V35Gy ≤ 55%, and V45Gy ≤ 45% as the “stringent” DVH line, and V25Gy > 95%, V35Gy > 90%, and V45Gy > 75% as the “inhibition” DVH line, under the precondition of not compromising the target coverage. These findings could help in the design of individual treatment plans and, eventually, to lowering of HT prevalence.
Isotopically Labeled Clickable Glutathione to Quantify Protein S‐Glutathionylation
Authors: VanHecke Garrett C. , Yapa Abeywardana Maheeshi , Huang Bo , Ahn Young‐Hoon
Published: September 2019

Protein S‐glutathionylation is one of the important cysteine oxidation events that regulate various redox‐mediated biological processes. Despite several existing methods, there are few proteomic approaches to identify and quantify specific cysteine residues susceptible to S‐glutathionylation. We previously developed a clickable glutathione approach that labels intracellular glutathione with azido‐Ala by using a mutant form of glutathione synthetase. In this study, we developed a quantification strategy with clickable glutathione by using isotopically labeled heavy and light derivatives of azido‐Ala, which provides the relative quantification of glutathionylated peptides in mass spectrometry‐based proteomic analysis. We applied isotopically labeled clickable glutathione to HL‐1 cardiomyocytes, quantifying relative levels of 1398 glutathionylated peptides upon addition of hydrogen peroxide. Importantly, we highlight elevated levels of glutathionylation on sarcomere‐associated muscle proteins while validating glutathionylation of two structural proteins, α‐actinin and desmin. Our report provides a chemical proteomic strategy to quantify specific glutathionylated cysteines.
A rare case of idiopathic cholestasis: Clinical conundrums complicating enzalutamide therapy in metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Liu Jun , Agyapong George , Misra Debashish , Taylor C. Douglas , Hirsh David A.
Published: September 2019

Current safety data affirms enzalutamide does not cause clinically significant liver dysfunction that warrant therapy cessation. Therefore, clinicians should not withhold potentially successful therapy merely for suspected hepatotoxicity or PnC.
Long‐term survival after surgery of pancreatic primary squamous cell carcinoma: A case report and literature review
Authors: Taibi Abdelkader , Jacques Jeremie , Durand Fontanier Sylvaine , Charissoux Aurelie , Bardet Sylvia M. , Christou Niki , Fredon Fabien , Valleix Denis , Mathonnet Muriel
Published: September 2019

Pancreatic primary squamous cell carcinoma is rarer and no optimal treatment has been validated according to the tumor stage. The surgical resection was the only curative option. The radiotherapy or chemotherapy was performed for the other cases.
Myositis ossificans in the infraspinatus muscle: The key to diagnosis
Authors: Stavride Eliza , Bintoudi Antonia , Zagalioti Sofia–Chrysovalantou , Galanis Nikiforos
Published: September 2019

The zone phenomenon is the most important diagnostic feature in differentiating myositis ossificans from malignancies such as osteosarcomas, which calcify from the center to the periphery and its presence in our late‐stage lesion was the key to diagnosis.
Unsolved severe chronic rhinosinusitis elucidated by extensive CFTR genotyping
Authors: Degrugillier Fanny , Simon Stéphanie , Aissat Abdel , Remus Natascha , Mekki Chadia , Decrouy Xavier , Hatton Aurélie , Hinzpeter Alexandre , Hoffmann Brice , Sermet‐Gaudelus Isabelle , Callebaut Isabelle , Fanen Pascale , Prulière‐Escabasse Virginie
Published: September 2019

Severe chronic rhinosinusitis in children should alert clinicians and extensive CFTR genotyping should be performed. We propose that thorough clinical and functional assessment in severe chronic rhinosinusitis is valuable to discover rare mutations which could be treated by CFTR correctors to postpone pulmonary infection.
Merkel cell carcinoma mimicking transformed chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma
Authors: Bah Ismael , Li Shaoying , Yin C. Cameron , Tang Guilin , Xu Jie
Published: September 2019

Although MCC has been reported in patients with CLL/SLL, it is extremely rare to observe these two within the same tumor. MCC's positivity for PAX5 and TdT may pose a diagnostic challenge by mimicking transformed CLL/SLL. A thorough workup is critical in reaching the correct diagnosis.
A Compact Gel Membrane Based on a Blend of PEO and PVDF for Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Liang Shishuo , Shi Yi , Ma Tianyi , Yan Wenqi , Qin Sainan , Wang Yuqi , Zhu Yusong , Wang Hongwei , Wu Yuping
Published: September 2019

A compact gel membrane (GM) with certain flexibility is facilely fabricated after a casted PEO/PVDF blend film is swelled by a LiPF6‐based liquid electrolyte. The GM exhibits a suitable lithium ionic conductivity (0.28 mS cm−1 at r.t., room temperature), a remarkable lithium‐ion transference number (0.52 at r.t.), and high mechanical strength (19.0 MPa) in dry or wet state. Owing to the special comprehensive performance of the GM, dendrite‐free reversible lithium plating/stripping (up to 500 h) at a current density of 0.5 mA cm−2 and a capacity of 0.25 mAh cm−2 is achieved for Li metal anodes at r.t.. The suppression of lithium dendrite of the obtained GM is further demonstrated in Li/GM/LiFePO4 cells with a high discharge capacity (142 mAh g−1 at r.t. and 160 mAh g−1at 50 °C) and a superior cycling stability. This research provides a new strategy for developing lithium metal batteries with high stability and long cycle life.
Electrochemical Approach for the Production of Layered Double Hydroxides with a Well‐Defined Co/MeIII Ratio
Authors: Musella Elisa , Gualandi Isacco , Scavetta Erika , Gazzano Massimo , Rivalta Arianna , Venuti Elisabetta , Christian Meganne , Morandi Vittorio , Tonelli Domenica
Published: September 2019

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have been widely studied for their plethora of fascinating features and applications. The potentiostatic electrodeposition of LDHs has been extensively applied in the literature as a fast and direct method to substitute classical chemical routes. However, the electrochemical approach does not usually allow for a fine control of the MII/MIII ratio in the synthesized material. By employing a recently proposed potentiodynamic method, LDH films of controlled composition are herein prepared with good reproducibility, using different ratios of the trivalent (Fe or Al) to bivalent (Co) cations in the electrolytic solution. All the obtained materials are shown to be effective oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts, and are thoroughly characterized by a multi‐technique approach, including FE‐SEM, XRD, Raman, AES and a wide range of electrochemical procedures.
Reversible Covalent End‐Capping of Collagen Model Peptides
Authors: Priem Christoph , Geyer Armin
Published: September 2019

The combination of supramolecular aggregation of collagen model peptides with reversible covalent end‐capping of the formed triple helix in a single experimental set‐up yielded minicollagens, which were characterized by a single melting temperature. In spite of the numerous possible reaction intermediates, a specific synthetic collagen with a leading, middle and trailing strand is formed in a highly cooperative self‐assembly process.
The First Anticancer Tris(pyrazolyl)borate Molybdenum(IV) Complexes: Tested in Vitro and in Vivo—A Comparison of O,O‐, S,O‐, and N,N‐Chelate Effects
Authors: Berasaluce Iker , Cseh Klaudia , Roller Alexander , Hejl Michaela , Heffeter Petra , Berger Walter , Jakupec Michael A. , Kandioller Wolfgang , Malarek Michael S. , Keppler Bernhard K.
Published: September 2019

The synthesis, characterization and biological activity of molybdenum(IV) complexes containing Trofimenko's scorpionato ligand, hydrotris(3‐isopropylpyrazolyl)borate (TpiPr), in addition to varying biologically active as well as other conventional ligands is described. Ligands employed include (O,O‐) (S,O‐) (N,N‐) donors that have been successfully coordinated to the molybdenum center by means of oxygen‐atom transfer (OAT) reactions from the known MoVI starting material, TpiPrMoO2Cl. The synthesized complexes were characterized by standard analytical methods and where possible by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The aqueous stability of the compounds was studied by means of UV/Vis spectroscopy and the impact of the attached ligand scaffolds on the oxidation potentials (MoIV to MoV) was studied by cyclic voltammetry. Utilizing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a solubilizing agent, adequate aqueous solubility for biological tests was obtained. Anticancer activity tests and preliminary mode of action studies have been performed in vitro and in vivo.
Synthesis of Diverse Functionalized Quinoxalines by Oxidative Tandem Dual C−H Amination of Tetrahydroquinoxalines with Amines
Authors: Zhao He , Li Xiu , Guan Rongqing , Jiang Huanfeng , Zhang Min
Published: September 2019

The tandem dual C−H amination of tetrahydroquinoxalines with free amines under aerobic copper catalysis conditions has been demonstrated. The synthetic protocol proceeds with good substrate and functional group compatibility, mild reaction conditions, short reaction time, the use of the naturally abundant [Cu]/O2 catalyst system, excellent chemoselectivity and synthetic efficiency, and with no need for the pre‐installation of specific aminating agents, which offers a practical platform for the rapid and diverse synthesis of diaminoquinoxalines. Moreover, this work has shown the potential of single‐electron‐oxidation‐induced C−H functionalization of N‐heterocycles, and its application in the development of optoelectronic materials.
Adduct of NacNacAl with Benzophenone and Its Coupling Chemistry
Authors: Dmitrienko Anton , Britten James F. , Spasyuk Denis , Nikonov Georgii I.
Published: September 2019

Reaction of NacNacAl (NacNac=[DippNC(Me)CHC(Me)NDipp]−) with one equivalent of benzophenone affords a ketylate species NacNacAl(η2(C,O)‐OCPh2) that undergoes easy cyclization reactions with unsaturated substrates. The scope of substrates included benzophenone, aldimine (PhNC(Ph)H), quinoline, phenyl nitrile, trimethylsilyl azide, and a saturated cyclic thiourea. The latter substrate reacted by an unusual C−N cleavage that left the C=S functionality intact. The new products were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Synthesis of Two‐Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Gao Yanan , Wang Chang , Hu Hui , Ge Rile , Lu Meihuan , Zhang Jianqiang , Li Zhongping , Shao Pengpeng , Jiang Donglin
Published: September 2019

Two‐dimensional covalent organic frameworks were synthesized in high yields by polycondensation in nonvolatile ionic liquids. The resulting crystallites are highly porous and exhibit exceptional capability of removing bisphenol A from water. The one reported is a general method to synthesize microporous and mesoporous frameworks, it allows to achieve regular macroscopic shapes, and it is effective in a wide range of reaction temperatures.
Alkali Transition‐Metal Molybdates: A Stepwise Approach to Geometrically Frustrated Systems
Authors: Smith Pellizzeri Tiffany M. , McMillen Colin D. , Kolis Joseph W.
Published: September 2019

Materials with triangular arrangements of transition metal ions are of great interest for their complex magnetism resulting from geometric frustration. This paper describes the stepwise formation of kagome lattices of open shell transition‐metal ions from half‐delta chains to delta/sawtooth chains, and finally kagome nets. The systems can be viewed as a testbed for magnetic studies since a variety of spin states can be introduced across the same structure type, and progress through increasing levels of structural complexity and dimensionality. The synthetic and structural development of this continuum is studied here in well‐formed single crystals of A2M3(MoO4)3(OH)2 (A=K, Rb; M=Mn, Co), CsM2(MoO4)2(OH) (M=Mn, Fe, Co, Zn), and KM3(MoO4)2O(OH) (M=Mn).
Filterkuchenwäsche makroporöser Kieselgelpartikel
Authors: Seupel Sabine , Peuker Urs Alexander
Published: September 2019

Bei der Filterkuchenwäsche poröser Partikel muss die Mutterlauge nicht nur zwischen den Einzelpartikeln im Kuchen, sondern auch aus den Innenporen der Partikel entfernt werden. In Experimenten wurden Filterkuchen aus makroporösem Kieselgel mit 100 nm Porenweite gebildet und mittels Durchströmungswäsche gereinigt. Im Filterkuchen werden Restbeladungen von 1 % erreicht, obwohl sich 50 % der Mutterlauge in den Innenporen befinden. Berechnungen für die Diffusion aus einer Einzelpore ermöglichen eine Abschätzung der Diffusionszeiten und damit die Auswahl des passenden Trenn‐ und Waschapparats.
Eliminating cervical cancer: Promising developments in primary prevention
Authors: Ficht Allison L. , Lapidos‐Salaiz Ilana , Phelps B. Ryan
Published: September 2019

Deaths from cervical cancer are common in lower middle‐income countries and are preventable. This commentary describes advances in the rollout of cervical cancer prevention and suggests strategies to continue progress.
Optimizing PCR for Mouse Genotyping: Recommendations for Reliable, Rapid, Cost Effective, Robust and Adaptable to High‐Throughput Genotyping Protocol for Any Type of Mutation
Authors: Jacquot Sylvie , Chartoire Nathalie , Piguet Françoise , Hérault Yann , Pavlovic Guillaume
Published: September 2019

Genotyping consists of searching for a DNA sequence variation localized at a well‐defined locus in the genome. It is an essential step in animal research because it allows the identification of animals that will be bred to generate and maintain a colony, euthanized to control the available space in the animal facility, or used in experiment protocols. Here we describe polymerase chain reaction (PCR) genotyping protocols for fast, sensitive, easy, and cost‐effective characterization of mouse genotype. We discuss optimization of parameters to improve the reliability of each assay and propose recommendations for enhancing reproducibility and reducing the occurrence of inconclusive genotyping. All steps required for efficient genotyping are presented: tissue collection; sample verification and direct DNA lysis; establishment of a robust genotyping strategy with reliable, rapid, and cost‐effective assays; and finally, transition to high‐throughput automatized PCR, including mix miniaturization and automation. © 2019 The Authors.

Basic Protocol 1: Tissue sampling methods and procedure

Basic Protocol 2: Sample verification and DNA lysis

Basic Protocol 3: Design of a genotyping strategy

Basic Protocol 4: Moving to high‐throughput genotyping
Prediction of maxillary canine impaction based on panoramic radiographs
Authors: Margot Raes , Maria Cadenas De Llano‐Pérula , Ali Alqerban , Annouschka Laenen , Anna Verdonck , Guy Willems
Published: September 2019

Objectives

The objective of this article is to establish a large sample‐based prediction model for maxillary canine impaction based on linear and angular measurements on panoramic radiographs and to validate this model.

Materials and methods

All patients with at least two panoramic radiographs taken between the ages of 7 and 14 years with an interval of minimum 1 year and maximum 3 years (T1 and T2) were selected from the Department of Oral Health Sciences, University Hospital Leuven database. Linear and angular measurements were performed at T1. From 2361 records, 572 patients with unilateral or bilateral canine impaction were selected at T1. Of those, 306 patients were still untreated at T2 and were used as study sample. To construct the prediction model, logistic regression analysis was used.

Results

The parameters analyzed through backward selection procedure were canine to midline angle, canine to first premolar angle, canine cusp to midline distance, canine cusp to maxillary plane distance, sector, quadratic trends for continuous predictors, and all pairwise interactions. The final model was applied to calculate the likelihood of impaction and yielded an area under the curve equal to 0.783 (95% CI [0.742–0.823]). The cut‐off point was fixed on 0.342 with a sensitivity of 0.800 and a specificity of 0.598. The cross‐validated area under the curve was equal to 0.750 (95% CI [0.700, 0.799]).

Conclusion

The prediction model based on the above mentioned parameters measured on panoramic radiographs is a valuable tool to decide between early intervention and regular follow‐up of impacted canines.
Relationship between hypothyroidism and periodontitis: A scoping review
Authors: Aldulaijan Hajer A. , Cohen Robert E. , Stellrecht Elizabeth M. , Levine Michael J. , Yerke Lisa M.
Published: September 2019

Aim

The objective of this study was to assess the existing literature to determine if a relationship exists between hypothyroidism and periodontitis.

Methods

We used a modified approach to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses by searching five databases in addition to the gray literature. Keywords in the title and abstract fields, as well as subject headings for both periodontal disease and hypothyroidism, were used to search the existing literature for publications relevant to evaluation of the thyroid–periodontitis relationship.

Results

The authors screened 847 unique publications which, after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, yielded 29 publications, which were further analyzed for relevance and applicability. Most of the included papers were cross‐sectional studies and retrospective chart reviews. Following critical analysis, four publications, including one abstract, were used to further assess the hypothyroid–periodontitis relationship.

Conclusions

There are very few high‐quality studies describing the potential association between hypothyroidism and periodontitis. In general, and among the included papers with the fewest confounding factors, a positive relationship between hypothyroidism and periodontitis was found. Further well‐controlled, prospective clinical and immunologic studies will be required to confirm that relationship.