bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Slotting’ Chinese Families and Refugees, 1947–1967
Authors: Madokoro Laura
Published: March 2013

This article explores the changing policy and legal frameworks governing migration from China to Canada from 1949 to 1967. The transition period between exclusion and universal access was characterized by slow and contested change, as the Canadian state persistently resisted pressure from community actors and religious groups to facilitate the entry of Chinese migrants, concerned as it was with the domestic stability of the nation. By exploring the intersection of the campaign to expand family sponsorship rights for Chinese Canadians, led by the Chinese Benevolent Association in Vancouver, and church interest in refugee resettlement from Hong Kong in the 1960s, this article demonstrates the critical role that civil society actors played in effecting change in the face of entrenched suspicion about immigration from China and growing state intervention in all aspects of Canadian family life in the postwar period. The debates that took place over expanded family migration from China were rooted in a fundamental conflict between family reunification as a basic human right and the state’s desire to control the shape and character of the Canadian nation and suggest that the liberalization of Canada’s immigration system in the postwar period was far from certain.

Cet article analyse l’évolution des politiques et du cadre juridique qui ont régi les migrations entre la Chine et le Canada de 1949 à 1967. La période de transition entre l’exclusion et l’accès universel en fut une de changements lents et contestés, alors que l’État canadien, soucieux de stabilité sur le plan intérieur, a continuellement résisté aux pressions d’acteurs de la communauté et de groupes religieux pour favoriser l’entrée de migrants chinois. Explorant l’intersection de la campagne menée par la Chinese Benevolent Association de Vancouver pour étendre aux Canadiens chinois le droit au parrainage de la famille, d’une part, et, de l’autre, l’intérêtdel’Église envers les réfugiés de Hong Kong dans les années 1960, cet article confirme le rôle critique qu’ont joué les acteurs de la société civile pour amener des changements devant la méfiance bien enracinée envers l’immigration chinoise et de l’intervention toujours plus grande de l’État dans tous les aspects de la vie des familles canadiennes au lendemain de la guerre. Les débats d’alors au sujet d’une plus grande migration familiale en provenance de Chine enracinent dans un conflit entre le droit fondamental à la réunion des familles et le désir de l’État de contrôler le visage et le caractère de la nation canadienne. Ces débats suggèrent que la libéralisation du système canadien d’immigration dans l’aprèsguerre n’alla pas de soi.
Old Wine in New Bottles?: Instrumental Policy Learning and the Evolution of the Certainty Provision in Comprehensive Land Claims Agreements
Authors: Alcantara Christopher
Published: March 2013

Les accords en matière de revendications territoriales globales sont des outils importants pour renforcer l’autonomie des peuples autochtones. La disposition relative à la certitude, qui traite de la nature des droits et des titres ancestraux des Autochtones une fois un traité signé, est un aspect essentiel de ces traités. Jusqu’en 1986, la Couronne a favorisé l’utilisation d’une seule formule relative à la certitude dans la négociation de tous les traités ; mais, après 1986, des groupes autochtones ont pu négocier des variantes de cette formule. Dans cet article, je tente d’expliquer pourquoi ce changement s’est produit. Je suggere ainsi que c’est devant l’échec de sa politique, engendrée par l’opposition des Autochtones à la clause d’extinction, que la Couronne a du revoir cette politique.
An Analysis of Effective Marginal Tax Rates in Quebec
Authors: Duclos Jean-Yves , Fortin Bernard , Fournier Andrée-Anne
Published: March 2013

Cet article dresse un portrait de la situation des taux marginaux effectifs d’imposition (TMEI) sur le revenu de travail au Québec. Il vise à permettre une meilleure compréhension de l’impact des politiques gouvernementales sur le comportement des agents économiques. À l’aide d’un modèle de microsimulation comptable reproduisant les systèmes d’impôts et de transferts au Québec pour 2002, nous mesurons les TMEI qui résultent de l’interaction des mécanismes de perception et de redistribution. En outre, nous en évaluons la répartition au sein de la population. L’analyse de ces taux démontre, entre autres, que la politique familiale du gouvernement, dont l’aide est ciblée vers les families à faible revenu, engendre des TMEI élevés attribuables à la réduction généralement rapide des transferts avec le revenu de travail. Ainsi, plus du quart des chefs de famille monoparentale ont un TMEI pouvant atteindre, et même excéder, 80 %. Quant aux families biparentales, elles font majoritairement face à un TMEI qui approche 50 %. Nous montrons l’importance de tenir compte de l’hétérogénéité, à la fois selon les types de families et selon les niveaux de revenu, de manière à bien évaluer la variabilité des TMEI à travers la population.
Disciplining Canada’s Interprovincial Barriers: The Subnational WTO Approach as Another Option with or beyond an Extended TILMA
Authors: Whalley John
Published: March 2013

Dans cet article, j’examine une option, l’« approche infranationale de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) », qui, jusqu’à maintenant, n’a pas été prise en compte dans le débat sur une question discutée depuis longtemps au Canada, celle des barrières interprovinciales au commerce. Cette approche se base sur une idée simple: tenter d’établir un accord entre les provinces (et les membres de l’OMC) pour appliquer les disciplines de l’OMC au commerce interprovincial. Cela aurait trois implications. Premièrement, les clauses de la nation la plus favorisée et du traitement national, ainsi que le processus de règlement des différends, utilisés par l’OMC, s’appliqueraient au commerce interprovincial des biens et services, sur la base de l’Accord général sur les tarifs douaniers et le commerce de 1994. Deuxièmement, le cadre de l’Accord général sur commerce des services permettrait de formuler les engagements à être souscrits, y compris sur la mobilité de la main-d’œuvre selon le mode 4. Enfin, tous les autres accords de l’OMC, comme l’Accord sur les subventions et les mesures compensatoires, s’appliqueraient également aux provinces.
Ontario’s Greenbelt: Growth Management, Farmland Protection, and Regime Change in Southern Ontario
Authors: Pond David
Published: March 2013

The immediate purpose of Ontario’s Greenbelt is to protect farmland and open green space from urbanization while the province implements Places to Grow, its master plan for compact regional growth. The Greenbelt should also be understood as the vehicle for agri-environmental policies popular with the urban electorate. Yet successful implementation of such policies will require the cooperation of farmers and rural property owners whose development rights have been frozen. Since agricultural productivity has historically presumed private control over the mix of inputs into the farm business, the province now faces the challenge of reconciling the goals of the Greenbelt with its more venerable role as supporter of commercial agriculture.
Message Content in Canadian Automotive Advertising: A Role for Regulation?
Authors: Watson Lisa , Lavack Anne M. , Rudin-Brown Christina , Burns Peter , Mintz James H.
Published: March 2013

The message content of automotive advertising was examined to determine whether automotive advertising is meeting the needs of its stakeholders, and whether there is a need for it to become more highly regulated. A content analysis of 200 Canadian television and print advertisements revealed that 18 percent of ads demonstrate unsafe or aggressive driving, while 25 percent of ads feature safety mentions. Television ads are substantially more likely than print ads to feature unsafe or aggressive driving (27 percent vs. 10 percent, respectively), while TV ads are less likely than print ads to mention safety (21 percent vs. 29 percent, respectively). With nearly $550 million spent annually on Canadian automotive advertising, either industry self-regulation or government-imposed regulation may be needed in order to reduce advertising depictions of unsafe driving.
Self-Reported Motor Vehicle Injury Prevention Strategies, Risky Driving Behaviours, and Subsequent Motor Vehicle Injuries: Analysis of Canadian National Population Health Survey
Authors: Vingilis Evelyn , Wilk Piotr
Published: March 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine self-reported motor vehicle injury prevention strategies, speeding and impaired driving, and the effects of speeding and impaired driving on subsequent motor vehicle collision injuries, using the Canadian National Population Health Survey (NPHS). Strategies commonly reported were preventing impaired drivers from driving, using designated drivers, and requiring passengers to use seatbelts. Yet a substantial minority, particularly young males, reported engaging in risky driving behaviours such as speeding and impaired driving. Self-reported speeders and impaired drivers had significantly higher odds of reporting injuries from subsequent motor vehicle collisions. Specifically, those who reported sometimes/rarely or never obeying the speed limits were two and a half times more likely to report a subsequent motor vehicle injury, while those who reported impaired driving one or more times in the past 12 months were two times more likely to report a subsequent motor vehicle injury. These findings support the need for continued focus on speeding, drinking and driving, and other risky driving behaviours to reduce collisions in Canada.
Policy Risk and Private Investment in Ontario’s Wind Power Sector
Authors: Holburn Guy , Lui Kerr I , Morand Charles
Published: March 2013

Even though governments may adopt favourable regulatory policies for renewable power generation, their ability to encourage private sector investment depends also on the presence of regulatory governance institutions that provide credible long-term commitments to potential investors. In the case of Ontario we contend that, despite large market potential and comparatively strong regulatory incentive policies, weak regulatory governance is one factor that has accounted for the challenges in attracting and implementing large-scale private investment in power generation at a reasonable cost. A unique survey of 63 wind power firms that assessed private sector opinions about the investment environment for renewable energy provides empirical support for our arguments. Firms rated the stability of regulatory policy, compared to a range of factors, among the weakest aspects of Ontario’s business environment. However, policy stability ranked among the most important factors in firms’ assessments of the attractiveness of alternative jurisdictions in their location decisions. Subsequent interviews revealed that firms have responded to this risk by explicitly pricing it into wind project financial models in Ontario—implying higher wind power prices for ratepayers— and by directing investment funds to other jurisdictions. We argue that policy stability in Ontario may be improved by devolving greater decision-making authority to regulatory agencies in the energy sector and by strengthening their institutional independence.
The Canadian National Retirement Risk Index: Employing Statistics Canada’s LifePaths to Measure the Financial Security of Future Canadian Seniors
Authors: MacDonald Bonnie-Jeanne , Moore Kevin D. , Chen He , Brown Robert L.
Published: March 2013

This article measures a Canadian National Retirement Risk Index (NRRI). Originally developed by the Center for Retirement Research at Boston College, the NRRI is a forward-looking measure that evaluates the proportion of working-aged individuals who are at risk of not maintaining their standard of living in retirement. The Canadian retirement income system has been very effective in reducing elderly poverty, but our results suggest that it has been much less successful in maintaining the living standards of Canadians after retirement. Since the earlier years of the new millennium, we find that approximately one-third of retiring Canadians have been unable to maintain their working-age consumption after retirement—a trend that is projected to worsen significantly for future Canadian retirees. The release of the Canadian NRRI is timely given the widespread concern that the current Canadian retirement income system is inadequate. Many proposals have recently emerged to extend and/or enhance Canadian public pensions, and the NRRI is a tool to test their merit. The methodology underlying the Canadian NRRI is uniquely sophisticated and comprehensive on account of our employment of Statistics Canada’s LifePaths, a state-of-the-art stochastic microsimulation model of the Canadian population. For instance, the Canadian NRRI is novel in that it models all of the relevant sources of consumption before and after retirement, while accounting for important features that are typically neglected in retirement adequacy studies such as family size, the variation of consumption over a person’s lifetime, and the heterogeneity among the life courses of individuals.
Examining Evictions through a Life-Course Lens
Authors: McDonald Lynn
Published: March 2013

Evictions, as markers of housing instability, call attention to the “housing affordability crisis.” The purpose of this research was to examine the individual and structural circumstances that contributed to eviction transitions in housing careers across the life course, how housing trajectories spiralled into homelessness, and how the confluence of social policies operated during these transitions. Qualitative interviews indicated that transitions from eviction to homelessness were entangled across the life course and stretched across generations. The study shows how housing policies interact with life-course events and other policies to produce negative and costly effects for the precariously housed.
L’effet des prélèvements fiscaux et des transferts aux particuliers sur la pauvreté au Québec et au Canada
Authors: Bibi Sami , Duclos Jean-Yves
Published: March 2013

Dans cet article, nous estimons la contribution des principales sources de revenu (positives ou négatives, comme le revenu du marché, les transferts aux particuliers, les impôts, les taxes, etc.) à la réduction de la pauvreté au Québec et au Canada. Les contributions des différents éléments sont départagées grâce à un produit de la taille de chacun et de son efficacité relative par dollar dépensé. Cet exercice pose un problème important, puisque l’ordre selon lequel on classe les différentes composantes du revenu peut considérablement influencer la part de la réduction de la pauvreté attribuée à chacune. Comme il est généralement arbitraire de privilégier un ordre plutôt qu’un autre, nous utilisons une règle de partage qui attribue à chaque composante une part de la réduction totale indépendante de l’ordre choisi. Nous faisons également des tests de sensibilité pour mesurer la sensibilité des résultats obtenus aux choix, souvent critiquables, du seuil et de l’indice de pauvreté. Les résultats révèlent d’une part que les programmes sociaux les plus généreux (comme les pensions de retraite) ne sont pas toujours les plus efficaces en matière de réduction de la pauvreté par dollar dépensé, et d’autre part que les mesures fiscales les moins généreuses (comme les prestations provinciales pour enfants) peuvent être parmi les plus efficaces en matière de réduction de la pauvreté par dollar dépensé. Par ailleurs, on constate que, en comparaison avec le reste du Canada, le Québec a des programmes sociaux plus généreux et plus efficaces en termes de réduction de la pauvreté, mais que, en contrepartie, la fiscalité y est plus lourde et plus coûteuse.
"The Puritans of Today": The Anti-Whig Argument of The Scarlet Letter
Authors: Ryan Michael
Published: March 2013

This essay explores the polemical context in which Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote The Scarlet Letter . It pays particular attention to the Whig movement for moral reform in antebellum America, which sought to merge church and state. Democrats like Hawthorne took exception to this attempt to establish "moral government" in America. His novel argues for an ideal of personal freedom in moral matters and criticizes the Whig attempt to impose restrictive moral norms on human, especially sexual, proclivities that Democrats such as Hawthorne felt were embodiments of spirituality in nature. The novel refers obliquely to contemporary religious debates that have been ignored by scholars, such as that concerning Horace Bushnell's God in Christ , a book whose presence in Hawthorne's novel is palpable. Bushnell was put on trial for heresy in 1849, as Hawthorne was composing his novel. In the novel, Hawthorne enters those debates and takes the side of natural religion against the Whig ideal of moral government. Le présent essai explore le contexte polémique où se situait Nathaniel Hawthorne lorsqu'il a écrit The Scarlet Letter . Il porte une attention particulière au mouvement Whig pour la réforme morale dans une Amérique antebellum qui cherchait à fusionner l'Église et l'État. Des Démocrates comme Hawthorne se sont insurgés contre cette tentative d'établir un «gouvernement moral» en Amérique. Son roman présente des arguments en faveur d'un idéal de liberté personnelle en ce qui a trait aux questions morales, et critique la tentative des Whigs d'imposer des normes morales restrictives aux tendances sexuelles des humains que des Démocrates comme Hawthorne considéraient comme le symbole de la spiritualité dans la nature. Le roman réfère obliquement à des débats religieux contemporains qui ont été ignorés par les universitaires en ce qui a trait au livre God in Christ de Horace Bushnell, un livre dont la présence est perceptible dans le roman de Hawthorne. Bushnell a fait l'objet d'un procès pour hérésie en 1849, alors même que Hawthorne écrivait son roman. Dans son roman, Hawthorne s'immisce dans ces débats et se range du côté de la religion naturelle contre l'idéal Whig d'un gouvernement moral.
Spectres of Anti-communism: Richard Rorty and Leftist Thought in Twentieth-Century America
Authors: Churchill David S.
Published: March 2013

This article is a close reading of the late philosopher Richard Rorty's critique of the 1960s and of several prominent New Left intellectuals in his book Achieving Our Country . Rorty argues that the depth of animus generated by these American critiques of US foreign policy and society as well as by the turn toward identity-based politics was too severe and had the long-term effect of weakening and undermining progressive and left-wing political traditions within the United States. The article questions both Rorty's representation of the legacy of New Left intellectuals, as well as Rorty's own personal political positioning and identifications. Rather than providing a way forward, or reconciliation between differing progressive traditions in the United States, the article argues that Rorty continues in the tradition of sectarian debate and rejection of differing political positions. Thus, Rorty ends up reproducing the very sort of critique that he seeks to transcend and move beyond. Le présent article fait suite à une lecture approfondie d'une critique des années 1960 par le philosophe Richard Rorty et plusieurs intellectuels importants de la nouvelle gauche dans son livre Achieving Our Country . Rorty allègue que la profondeur de l'animus présentée par ces critiques américains en matière de société et de politique étrangère des États-unis, ainsi que le déplacement vers des politiques basées sur l'identité, ont été trop durs et qu'ils ont eu comme effet à long terme d'affaiblir et de miner les traditions politiques progressistes et gauchistes aux É tats-unis. L'auteur s'interroge sur la représentation de Rorty de l'héritage des intellectuels de la nouvelle gauche, ainsi que sur positionnement politique et les critères personnels d'identification de Rorty. Plutô t que de présenter une façon d'avancer, ou une réconciliation entre les traditions progressistes divergentes des É tats-unis, l'auteur fait valoir que Rorty poursuit son cheminement dans la tradition du débat sectaire, et le rejet de positions politiques divergentes. Ainsi, Rorty finit par reproduire le même type de critique qu'il cherchait à transcender et à dépasser.
The Role of Violence and the Idea of America in Ralph Ellison's "A Party Down at the Square"
Authors: Stewart Anthony
Published: March 2013

While Ralph Ellison's unshakable faith in the American democracy and his obvious desire to be counted among the great tradition of American (not necessarily African American) literature, have at times made him appear accommodationist to some, and even "dangerous," to use Amiri Baraka's word, to others, this view overlooks the centrality of violence in Ellison's fiction. By examining the role of violence in a key early scene of Invisible Man , but mostly in Ellison's early short story, "A Party Down at the Square," this essay argues that there is an important addition to the understanding of Ellison's writing available through an examination of the role violence plays in his work. Bien que la foi inébranlable de Ralph Ellison dans la démocratie américaine et son désir évident de s'insérer dans la longue tradition de la littérature américaine (pas nécessairement africaine-américaine) l'ont parfois fait juger comme «accommodationniste» par certains, et même «dangereux», comme l'a dit Amiri Baraka, par d'autres. Cette opinion ne tient pas compte de la centralité de la violence dans la fiction d'Ellison. Si l'on analyse le rôle de la violence dans une scène clé au début de Invisible Man , mais surtout dans les histoires courtes des premiers écrits d'Ellison, «A Party Down at the Square», le présent essai fait valoir qu'on constate une importante addition aux connaissances de l'oeuvre d'Ellison lorsqu'on examine le rôle de la violence dans cette oeuvre.
From Story to Film: Brokeback Mountain 's "In-Between" Spaces
Authors: Campbell Neil
Published: March 2013

This essay examines the different ways in which Annie Proulx, in her story "Brokeback Mountain," scriptwriters Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana, and Ang Lee in his film address the central tensions between desire and social conditioning through a re-exploration of the western genre. Using the concept of "in-between space," the article shows how the "text" (i.e., story/film) is the product of many hands each bringing certain knowledge and approaches to the material and extending outward into new, challenging areas of work. From this mixing of authors there emerges a powerful, tragic story that reveals much about the social conformity of the West embedded in masculinity, patriarchy, and domesticity. This social pressure is examined through the contrasting "textual" use of space, panopticism, and a constraining sense of family set against the powers of nature, love, and memory. Le présent essai fait l'examen des différentes façons employées par Annie Proulx dans son histoire « Brokeback Mountain », par les scénaristes Larry McMurtry et Diana Ossana, et Ang Lee dans son film, pour traiter des tensions au centre du désir et du conditionnement social et jette un nouveau regard sur le genre western. À l'aide du concept de « l'espace », l'article montre comment le 'texte' (histoire/film) est le produit de plusieurs intervenants, chacun apportant certaines connaissances et méthodes au document et le prolongeant vers des zones de travail tout à fait nouvelles et excitantes. Du mélange des auteurs émerge une histoire puissante et tragique qui en dit long sur la conformité sociale de l'Ouest enchâssée dans la masculinité, le patriarcat et la vie familiale. Cette pression sociale fait l'objet d'un examen fondé sur l'utilisation 'textuelle' de l'espace, du panopticisme, et d'une orientation contraignante de la famille par rapport aux pouvoirs de la nature, de l'amour et de la mémoire.
TheTriumph of Death: National Security and Imperial Erasures in Don DeLillo's Underworld
Authors: Noon David
Published: March 2013

Writing against the dominant tendencies of popular historical memory in the 1990s, Don DeLillo's Underworld depicts the civic and ecological catastrophes left in the wake of the cold war. In particular, DeLillo surveys the wreckage of the American public sphere in ways that are both comic and distressing. Yet Underworld's critique remains partial. Although Underworld highlights the complicity of the national security state in the erosion of national community, he is nevertheless unable to fully imagine the consequences of the cold war for other communities, especially Native American communities in the nuclear West, who were most severely trampled by it. Allant contre la tendance dominante de la mémoire historique populaire des années 1990, le roman Underworld de Don DeLillo raconte une catastrophe culturelle et écologique issue de la guerre froide. En particulier, DeLillo fait une analyse à la fois comique et désespérante de l'effondrement du domaine public américain. Pourtant, la critique que fait Underworld demeure partiale, car, bien que le roman souligne la complicité de l'é tat et de la sécurité nationale dans l'érosion de la communauté, l'auteur n'est guére en mesure d'imaginer pleinement les conséquences de la guerre froide sur les autres communautés, surtout les communautés autochtones de l'Ouest, lesquelles ont été particuliérement bafouées par l'é tat.
"Bryan, Bryan, Bryan, Bryan": Democratic Theory, Populism, and Philip Roth's "American Trilogy"
Authors: Abbott Philip
Published: March 2013

Populism, as both ideology and social movement, is nearly a universal, albeit sporadic, feature of all modern democratic political systems. Populism is also arguably the only example of an indigenous radical mass movement in America and, after the discredited state of socialism, the only continuing source of democratic protest. Yet populism does not enjoy a central place in democratic theory. In fact, many writers contend that when populism arises, it has a destabilizing effect on democratic regimes. Even when others attempt to credit populism, they acknowledge the existence of significant negative features. This essay reviews the contested status of populism and suggests a greater appreciation of its positive contribution to democratic theory can be reached through an analysis of Philip Roth's "American Trilogy." Like Roth, students of populism place their assessments in the context of historical narratives. Thus, Roth's fictional recreations of post-war America can be compared to the analyses of "populist moments" in America as analyzed by both populist critics and defenders. Unlike most democratic theorists, however, Roth is willing to explore the nature and source of populist anger and its related expressions, and thus to expose its poignant dimensions. By appending Roth's insights, it is possible to ameliorate populism's contested status in democratic theory by acknowledging the positive role of emotion, properly understood, in political protest. Le populisme, en tant qu'idéologie et mouvement social, est presque une caractéristique universelle, quoique sporadique, de tous les systèmes politiques démocratiques modernes. Malgré cela, le populisme n'occupe pas une place centrale dans la théorie démocratique. En effet, bon nombre d'écrivains sont d'avis que, lorsque le populisme fait surface, il a un effet déstabilisateur sur les régimes démocratiques. Le présent essai jette un coup d'oeil sur l'état contesté du populisme et suggère qu'il est possible de mieux apprécier sa contribution positive à la théorie démocratique par le truchement d'une analyse du livre de Philip Roth « American Trilogy ».
"Which Kind of Imperialism?": Early Cold War Decolonization and Canada–US Relations
Authors: Teigrob Robert
Published: March 2013

Avant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, le gouvernement et les citoyens du Canada accordaient leur appui à l'impérialisme britannique et à l'ensemble des politiques étrangères en général. Bien que certains groupes au Canada – pour la plupart des francophones, des gauchistes, des dirigeants syndicaux, et un nombre croissant de minorités ethniques – martelaient depuis longtemps leur opposition au colonialisme, les élites nationaux se considéraient comme des partenaires dans le projet de civilisation du globe de la Grande-Bretagne. Ces affinités ont commencé à se défaire pendant les années 40, à mesure que les leçons de la Seconde Guerre mondiale ainsi que la montée simultanée de la puissance américaine et l'effritement de l'autorité britannique forçaient les dirigeants du Canada à réévaluer leur attitude et leurs politiques en ce qui avait trait à l'impérialisme. Mais même à ce moment précis où bon nombre de Canadiens cherchaient à adopter une approche plus « américaine » à cette question, une approche qui reposait sur presque deux siècles de critiques républicaines de la domination étrangère, les États-Unis tentaient de contenir leur propre antipathie envers l'impérialisme à mesure que se manifestait la réalité de la guerre froide. La présente étude indique que ces repositionnements ont désorienté un milieu toujours puissant d'anglophiles, qui craignaient que leur nation ne soit en train d'être attirée dans un projet impérialiste nouveau et moins noble.
Brutal Honesty?: The Uses of Gore in Tribal-Warrior and Gangbanger Autobiography
Authors: Brumble H. David
Published: March 2013

Gangbanger autobiography brims with gore: bones broken, flesh cut, blood flowing. This can best be understood in cross-cultural terms. Gangbanger and warrior-tribe autobiographers have identical reasons for dwelling upon gore. Such passages help to establish and maintain status by convincing hearers of the bravery of those who face such terrors. Warriors and gangbangers describe gore in considerable detail and with detached objectivity; warriors and gangbangers alike, audiences understand, are thoroughly inured to pain—both suffered and inflicted. The gore also works to establish warrior claims to authenticity and special knowledge. Precisely because accounts of gore are important to warrior status, there is a powerful incentive to exaggerate. Like warrior tribes, street gangs have evolved means—not always effective—of authenticating such claims.

L’autobiographie des membres de gangs est pleine d’horreur sanglante: os qu’on casse, chair qu’on coupe, sang qui coule. Ce sont des choses qu’on peut mieux comprendre en termes interculturels. Les rédacteurs d’autobiographies de membres de gangs et de warriors semblent s’attarder de la même façon à l’horreur. Ces passages aident à établir et à maintenir le statut, et convainquent les lecteurs qui entendent parler de la bravoure de ceux qui font face à de telles terreurs. Les warriors et les membres de gangs décrivent toutes ces horreurs avec force détails et avec une objectivité détachée; l’auditoire comprend qu’autant les warriors que les membres de gangs sont totalement insensible à la douleur – tant ceux qui en souffrent que ceux qui l’infligent. Le sang sert aussi à établir la pré-tention des warriors à l’authenticité et à des connaissances spéciales. C’est précisément parce que les récits d’horreurs sont importants pour le statut du warrior qu’il existe un puissant incitatif à exagérer. Comme les warriors, les gangs de rue possèdent des moyens perfectionnés – mais pas toujours efficaces – d’authentifier ces prétentions.
"The Revolution Will Not Be Televised": Community Activism and the Black Panther Party, 1966-1971
Authors: Kirkby Ryan J.
Published: March 2013

This article examines the Black Panther Party's community activism from 1966 to 1971, with two aims in mind. First, it provides an overview of the numerous "survival programs" organized by the party in human sustenance, health care, education, and criminal justice, detailing their revolutionary intentions. Second, and more importantly, it challenges scholars to start considering ways in which community activism and revolutionary violence operated in tandem as part of the same strategy for Black liberation. In this way, it emphasizes the necessity to move beyond stagnant characterizations of the party as either humanitarian do-gooders or violent street toughs to construct a more complex interpretation of the BPP's legacy. Le présent article porte sur l'activisme communautaire du Black Panther Party (BPP) de 1966-1971, avec un double objectif. D'abord, il offre une vue d'ensemble des nombreux « programmes de survie » organisés par le BPP dans les domaines de la subsistance des populations humaines, des soins de santé, de l'éducation, et de la justice pénale, et décrit en détail leurs intentions révolutionnaires. Ensuite, et de manière plus importante, il incite les futures générations d'universitaires à commencer à tenir compte des façons selon lesquelles l'activisme communautaire et la violence révolutionnaire fonctionnaient en tandem dans le cadre de la même stratégie de libération des Noirs. De cette façon, il souligne la nécessité d'aller au-delà des caractérisations stagnantes du Party, soit à titre de faiseur de bonnes oeuvres ou de membres violents de gangs de rue, pour construire un interprétation plus complexe du legs du BPP.
The Little Black School House : Revealing the Histories of Canada's Segregated Schools—A Conversation with Sylvia Hamilton
Authors: Howard Brianne , Smith Sarah E.K.
Published: March 2013

Segregated schools are a widely documented component of American history. Conversely, in Canada, provincially legislated segregation of Black Canadians has not been fully acknowledged. This historical amnesia raises numerous questions about the construction of Black experiences in both states. This interview examines Sylvia Hamilton's documentary The Little Black School House (2007), which explores the past as a means to contribute to the ongoing vitality of Black communities. Our discussion places this film within the historical context of legislated segregation in Canada and the United States, drawing attention to histories that have been largely absent within the dominant Canadian historical narrative. La ségrégation des écoles est un élément largement documenté de l'histoire américaine. Réciproquement, au Canada, la ségrégation des Canadiens de race noire réglementée par les provinces n'a pas été entièrement reconnue. Cette amnésie théorique soulève de nombreuses questions sur la construction des expériences des Noirs dans les deux États. La présente entrevue examine le documentaire de Sylvia Hamilton The Little Black School House (2007), qui explore le passé comme moyen de contribuer à la vitalité permanente des communautés noires. Notre discussion place ce film dans le contexte historique de la ségrégation légale au Canada et aux États-Unis, et attire l'attention sur les histoires qui ont été largement absentes dans le narratif historique canadien prédominant.
A "21st Century Economic Agenda for America": Barack Obama's Pre-Presidential Economic Jeremiads
Authors: Harrell Willie J.
Published: March 2013

This essay argues that Barack Obama's pre-presidential rhetoric serves as economic jeremiads that urge atonement in order to initiate a plan of economic change that will transform America and unite Americans in the common cause fulfilling the nation's democratic mission of providing life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness of all citizens. Above all else, Obama's pre-presidential economic jeremiads attempt to paint a vivid picture of the real danger facing the American economic system and call Americans to act immediately in order to restore the faltering economy. Le présent essai allègue que la rhétorique pré-présidentielle de Barack Obama sert de jérémiades économiques qui incitent à un grand pardon afin d'amorcer un plan visant le changement économique qui transformera l'Amérique et unira les Américains dans une cause commune qui remplit la mission démocratique de la nation de fournir la vie, la liberté et la recherche du bonheur chez tous les citoyens. Les jérémiades économiques pré-présidentielles d'Obama tentent par-dessus tout d'illustrer en couleurs vives le danger réel auquel est confronté le système économique américain et incite les Américains à agir immédiatement afin de restaurer l'économie chancelante.
Déplacements dans Sophie's Choice de William Styron : Du texte de la valeur à la valeur du texte
Authors: Thomières Daniel
Published: March 2013

The paper is an interrogation of what the value of literary texts could consist in. My starting point is an analysis of William Styron's novel Sophie's Choice in which the question of Auschwitz as well as that of slavery in 19th century America are addressed. The book explicitly offers readers several theories of value. Can we move from definitions of value found inside the text to a conceptual understanding of the value of a text? I offer a number of hypotheses that are bound up with the notion of choice. Our problem is thus: how can we effect choices with the fullest perception of their implications? It should be clear from what precedes that reading, re-reading and interpreting a literary text is a activity inextricably linked to the deepest levels of our identity. I accordingly propose that literary theory ought to incorporate both ethical and pragmatic considerations.
(Un)Related Purposes: Theatre and Law
Authors: Boss A.G.
Published: March 2013

Describing the Mavor Moore teleplay The Roncarelli Affair , which appeared on CBC Television in 1974, A. G. BOSS explores the literary adaptation of an actual trial, raising questions of representation, audience, and the slippery relationship between fact and fiction.
Sandpaper: The Story of Moncton-Sable
Authors: Collette Philip André
Published: March 2013

The improvisational, interdisciplinary creation process of Moncton-Sable begins with raw materials—sand, chalk, hay, paper, and found objects. One of its founding members, PHILIP ANDRÉ COLLETTE , provides a material history of the company.
Undressing
Authors: Yamamoto Maiko Bae
Published: March 2013

Undressing looks at Theatre Replacement’s latest performance and the many roles memory plays in building a work from specific biographical material, in this case significant pieces of clothing. The process to date has the collaborators navigating questions around what serves an overall narrative structure versus what is their responsibility to the truth and the subjects who quite literally gave them the shirts off their backs.
Stanislavsky as Catalyst
Authors: Renyk Grahame
Published: March 2013

Grahame Renyk reviews Stanisklavsky and Directing: Theory, Practice and Influence , edited by Anna Migliarisi and published by Lagos Press (2008).
Directors and Voice Work: An Attempt to Bridge the Gap
Authors: Ley David
Published: March 2013

David Ley reviews Janet M. Feindel’s The Thought Propels the Sound (Plural Publishing, 2008), a book about voice work intended principally for theatre directors.
100 Steps: Working on Memory
Authors: Webber Evan
Published: March 2013

Questioning an attitude towards what is remembered can help to develop practice in surprising ways. During the process of creating the text for his new work, an adaptation of Sophocles’ Philoctetes , Evan Webber undertook an evaluation of his own relationship to his biographical, “true” subject matter. Why did he think it important to represent what happened in the way that he remembered it? Some of his research—Socrates via Kierkegaard, Joseph Jacotot via Jacques Rancière—led him to draw a connection between his attitude towards the factual and the in-egalitarian structure of theatre itself. He outlines some of the benefits, both practical and imaginary, of this questioning.
My Leaky Performances
Authors: Devaney Julie
Published: March 2013

In performing her experiences as a patient with chronic illness, actor-writer Julie Devaney disrupts "the conventional medicalized dynamic of being spoken at or done to ."
Activist Awareness in the Theatre of the Oppressed Classroom
Authors: Shawyer Susanne
Published: March 2013

Using a case study built around her own Dalhousie University classroom, SUSANNE SHAWYER explores how Theatre of the Oppressed techniques can be used to train theatre students to be activists.
Creative Copying?: The Pedagogy of Adaptation
Authors: McKinnon James
Published: March 2013

While it may seem counterintuitive to promote creativity through "copying," JAMES MCKINNON argues that teaching drama and theatre through adaptationbased methods fosters creative and critical thinking. Learning how many of the great masterpieces of the dramatic canon are actually adaptations themselves pierces the mystique surrounding the creative process, making it less intimidating for students.
Making it Up as We Go Along: Improvisation and Environmental Education
Authors: Lane Julia
Published: March 2013

Improvisation and environmental education have a lot to learn from each other, argues JULIA LANE. Although improv is often associated with sketch comedy shows like Whose Line is it Anyway? , what might happen if we take literally Gary Paul Nabhan's understanding of life on earth as "the Great Improvisation"?
Adapting City of Dreams : Staging an Urban Imaginary
Authors: Johnston Caleb
Published: March 2013

Caleb Johnston , British director Peter Reder and Vancouver artists create a theatreinstallation transnational collaboration. Mapping memory, they dream a city's poetic cartography for PuSh International Performing Arts Festival.
Working with The EFry Group for A Moveable Feast
Authors: Iffla Donna-lee
Published: March 2013

Writer and poet DONNA-LEE IFFLA makes herself at home in the kitchen of the Elizabeth Fry Halfway House in Kingston, ON and cooks up a performance with a group of reluctant residents.
Canada's Dandy Duet: The Performance Collaboration of Ivan Coyote and Rae Spoon
Authors: King Moynan , Coyote Ivan , Spoon Rae
Published: March 2013

In an interview by Moynan King, Yukon-born storyteller Ivan Coyote and Calgary-born singer/songwriter Rae Spoon talk about their artistic collaboration, their sticky negotiations with gender binaries, and their passion for live performance. The conversation is followed by two brief excerpts from their performance collaboration You Are Here .
Theatre Production, Experiential Learning, and Research–Creation in the Academy: An Anti-manifesto of Sorts
Authors: Leroux Louis Patrick
Published: March 2013

In his self-reflexive anti-manifesto, Concordia University’s LOUIS PATRICK LEROUX takes a critical look at practice-based research and asks, what is at stake?
A Few Rules, Some Platitudes, a Bit of Advice, and a Prayer for Producers of (Radical/Political/ Meaningful) Theatre
Authors: Campbell Naomi
Published: March 2013

Toronto’s NAOMI CAMPBELL dispenses some advice on how to create the optimal conditions for the creation of great work.
Ondinnok: The First Nations Theatre of Quebec
Authors: Durand Yves Sioui
Published: March 2013

In his manifesto, Montreal-based YVES SIOUI DURAND of Ondinnok Inc. calls for a theatre grounded in First Nations mythology, not merely as an act of reconstitution but as an act of “cultural reconstruction” in the face of continuous dispossession and assimilation.
Why a Linguistic Minority Theatre is Essential: A Manifesto
Authors: Blais-Dahlem Madeleine
Published: March 2013

There is a thriving Fransaskois theatre scene in Saskatchewan and MADELEINE BLAIS-DAHLEM reveals how a linguistic minority theatre has produced its own audience base and made itself an indispensable part of the local culture.
Archives, Heritage, Living History: Locating the Prince House through Performance (and) Ethnography
Authors: Young Bryanne
Published: March 2013

BRYANNE YOUNG engages performance writing as a means to explore the displacement and display of a heritage home, to resurrect memories that haunt, and to enact an archival present.
Peeking through the Racks: Shedding Light on Working Conditions of Costume Designers
Authors: Viczko April
Published: March 2013

This provocation to debate by April Viczko proposes that it's time to consider the circumstances in which costume designers operate.
François Barbeau: Research on Materials
Authors: Barbeau François , Campeau Louise , Lemieux Andrée
Published: March 2013

François Barbeau with Louise Campeau and Andrée Lemieux present his exploration and creation of designerly languages for the costumes for Cirque du Soleil.
Becoming Archive ribcage : this wide passage
Authors: Hermant Heather
Published: March 2013

Heather Hermant poetically describes her multilingual, interdisciplinary theatre piece about Esther Brandeau, purportedly the first Jewish woman to set foot in Canada. Brandeau arrived in New France in 1738 dressed as a Roman Catholic boy.
Studio 180's Political Engagements: Finding the Jewish Soul in Canadian Theatre
Authors: Levin Laura , Zatzman Belarie , Greenberg Joel
Published: March 2013

Laura Levin and Belarie Zatzman converse with Studio 180's Artistic Director Joel Greenberg about Jewish theatre as an art of social justice.
Teaching Joe Turner’s Come and Gone
Authors: Elam Harry J.
Published: March 2013

This article examines how to approach the teaching of Pulitzer Prize–winning playwright August Wilson’s Joe Turner’s Come and Gone . With its powerful and haunting evocations of the Middle Passage from Africa to America, his remembrance of oppressive racial servitude, his invocation of spiritual passion in the face of overwhelming circumstances, Joe Turner is perhaps the most spiritual and non-linear piece within Wilson’s twentieth-century cycle of plays. Consequently, it offers certain pedagogical challenges. This article argues that, at its core, the play functions ritualistically, as the central figure in the action, Herald Loomis, moves from self-destruction and stagnation to liberation by taking the self-defining, racially significant, spiritual act of bleeding for himself. Wilson sets this play in 1911, a time not that far removed from slavery, in which he feels that African retentions and rituals were palpable in African American experiences. In working with this play with an undergraduate class or graduate course, the article argues, it is critical to examine with the students how ritual operates in the play, to determine the ritual action of the play, and to analyse how Africa is ritualized and how such symbolic enactments inform Wilson’s re-working of African American history during this period of the Great Migration.
Teaching A Doll House , Rachel , and Marisol : Domestic Ideals, Possessive Individuals, and Modern Drama
Authors: Lee Josephine
Published: March 2013

I use C.B. Macpherson’s concept of “possessive individualism” to examine the intersecting dimensions of race, gender, ownership, mobility, domesticity, and the self in Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll House , Angelina Weld Grimké’s Rachel , and José Rivera’s Marisol .
The Space Stage and the Circus: E.E. Cummings’s Him and Frederick Kiesler’s Raumbühne
Authors: Carruth Allison
Published: March 2013

Supported by archival research, this essay investigates E.E. Cummings’s conception of experimental theatre as it informs his understudied play Him , which the Provincetown Players produced in 1928 under the direction of James Light but which critics have dismissed alternately as a distraction from Cummings’s poetry or as an example of a failed closet drama. The essay argues for the importance of theatre – and of the production of Him in particular – to Cummings’s literary career. In turn, it makes a case for Cummings’s relevance to the field of modern drama. More pointedly, the essay reveals the twin influences on Cummings’s dramatic work of, on the one hand, circus and burlesque performers and, on the other, Bauhaus-trained set designer Frederick Kiesler. As articulated especially in his so-called “space stage,” Kiesler’s vision for an avant-garde theatre modelled on popular subcultures like the circus shaped Cummings’s own speculative theatre.