bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ONTOLOGICAL AND EPISTEMOLOGICAL VAGUENESS OF POST-STRUCTURALIST PARADIGM IN GEOGRAPHY
Authors: Trifunović Mlađen
Published: November 2017

Initially, the post-structuralism paradigm entered geography via the meaning theory criticism, which developed within the literary theory and philosophical hermeneutics. The landscape is being observed analogue with the text, in which process the basic characteristics of spatiality are openness, dynamics, layering and historicism. The dominant concept of spatiality, on which post-structuralist geography is based, is now relationalism that observes a location as   an intersection of different types of migrations, incessant flow and identity decomposition. In addition, the notion of boundary is being denied and trans-territoriality is being insisted on. The paper attempts to outline basic problems and vagueness of the relationism perception of spatiality and post-structuralist geography based on the results of Parmenides dialogue of Plato which suggested that this concept reached its final logical consequences in denial of otherness instead of affirmation. Hence, rationalistic geography becomes policy, i.e. an ideology of space.
FREE ECONOMIC ZONES AND DEVELOPMENT OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA IN THE EUROINTEGRATION PROCESS
Authors: Popović Goran , Lojović Milimir , Erić Ognjen
Published: November 2017

Free zones are the way for increasing the production, export and employment. In some, globally significant economies, free zones are the factor of growth and technological progress. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the field of free zones has appropriate legislation, but the economic results are still minor. In EU, free zones are important for economic development, especially in certain regions. The issue of free zones is being handled within the communitarian legislation, through customs' and other regulations. The regulations of the protection of competition are especially important because the privileges in zones are contrary to the rule of protection of competition in the common market. From Ruding's report and Primarolo group to the present, the Union is making efforts to harmonize these opposites. The EU has affirmed the development model of free zones opening. Bosnia and Herzegovina is at the stage of European integration, at which, in the mid-2015 Bosnia and Herzegovina came into the full implementation of the Stabilization and Association Agreement (SAA). It's appliaction will also change the circumstances in the opening of free zones and inflows of Foreign direct investment (FDI). It is realistic to expect that the EU will show low level of interest for investing into free zones in Bosnia and Herzegvina, while the interest of non-european countries, especially Asian countries, will be increased. Free zones in Bosnia and Herzegovina could become the bridge for better transfer of goods and technologies into the European Union.
Rapid re-identification of human samples using portable DNA sequencing
Authors: Zaaijer Sophie , Gordon Assaf , Speyer Daniel , Piccone Robert , Groen Simon Cornelis , Erlich Yaniv
Published: November 2017

DNA re-identification is used for a broad suite of applications, ranging from cell line authentication to forensics. However, current re-identification schemes suffer from high latency and limited access. Here, we describe a rapid, inexpensive, and portable strategy to robustly re-identify human DNA called 'MinION sketching'. MinION sketching requires as few as 3 min of sequencing and 60-300 random SNPs to re-identify a sample enabling near real-time applications of DNA re-identification. Our method capitalizes on the rapidly growing availability of genomic reference data for cell lines, tissues in biobanks, and individuals. This empowers the application of MinION sketching in research and clinical settings for periodic cell line and tissue authentication. Importantly, our method enables considerably faster and more robust cell line authentication relative to current practices and could help to minimize the amount of irreproducible research caused by mix-ups and contamination in human cell and tissue cultures.
A predictive model of asymmetric morphogenesis from 3D reconstructions of mouse heart looping dynamics
Authors: Le Garrec Jean-François , Domínguez Jorge N , Desgrange Audrey , Ivanovitch Kenzo D , Raphaël Etienne , Bangham J Andrew , Torres Miguel , Coen Enrico , Mohun Timothy J , Meilhac Sigolène M
Published: November 2017

How left-right patterning drives asymmetric morphogenesis is unclear. Here, we have quantified shape changes during mouse heart looping, from 3D reconstructions by HREM. In combination with cell labelling and computer simulations, we propose a novel model of heart looping. Buckling, when the cardiac tube grows between fixed poles, is modulated by the progressive breakdown of the dorsal mesocardium. We have identified sequential left-right asymmetries at the poles, which bias the buckling in opposite directions, thus leading to a helical shape. Our predictive model is useful to explore the parameter space generating shape variations. The role of the dorsal mesocardium was validated in Shh-/- mutants, which recapitulate heart shape changes expected from a persistent dorsal mesocardium. Our computer and quantitative tools provide novel insight into the mechanism of heart looping and the contribution of different factors, beyond the simple description of looping direction. This is relevant to congenital heart defects.
Epigenetic profiling of growth plate chondrocytes sheds insight into regulatory genetic variation influencing height
Authors: Guo Michael , Liu Zun , Willen Jessie , Shaw Cameron P , Richard Daniel , Jagoda Evelyn , Doxey Andrew C , Hirschhorn Joel , Capellini Terence D
Published: November 2017

GWAS have identified hundreds of height-associated loci. However, determining causal mechanisms is challenging, especially since height-relevant tissues (e.g. growth plates) are difficult to study. To uncover mechanisms by which height GWAS variants function, we performed epigenetic profiling of murine femoral growth plates. The profiled open chromatin regions recapitulate known chondrocyte and skeletal biology, are enriched at height GWAS loci, particularly near differentially expressed growth plate genes, and enriched for binding motifs of transcription factors with roles in chondrocyte biology. At specific loci, our analyses identified compelling mechanisms for GWAS variants. For example, atCHSY1, we identified a candidate causal variant (rs9920291) overlapping an open chromatin region. Reporter assays demonstrated that rs9920291 shows allelic regulatory activity, and CRISPR/Cas9 targeting of human chondrocytes demonstrates that the region regulatesCHSY1expression. Thus, integrating biologically relevant epigenetic information (here, from growth plates) with genetic association results can identify biological mechanisms important for human growth.
Excitatory motor neurons are local oscillators for backward locomotion
Authors: Gao Shangbang , Guan Sihui Asuka , Fouad Anthony D , Meng Jun , Kawano Taizo , Huang Yung-Chi , Li Yi , Alcaire Salvador , Hung Wesley , Lu Yangning , Qi Yingchuan Billy , Jin Yishi , Alkema Mark , Fang-Yen Christopher , Zhen Mei
Published: November 2017

Cell- or network-driven oscillators underlie motor rhythmicity. The identity of C. elegans oscillators remains unknown. Through cell ablation, electrophysiology, and calcium imaging, we show: (1) forward and backward locomotion is driven by different oscillators; (2) the cholinergic and excitatory A-class motor neurons exhibit intrinsic and oscillatory activity that is sufficient to drive backward locomotion in the absence of premotor interneurons; (3) the UNC-2 P/Q/N high-voltage-activated calcium current underlies A motor neuron’s oscillation; (4) descending premotor interneurons AVA, via an evolutionarily conserved, mixed gap junction and chemical synapse configuration, exert state-dependent inhibition and potentiation of A motor neuron’s intrinsic activity to regulate backward locomotion. Thus, motor neurons themselves derive rhythms, which are dually regulated by the descending interneurons to control the reversal motor state. These and previous findings exemplify compression: essential circuit properties are conserved but executed by fewer numbers and layers of neurons in a small locomotor network.
EGF receptor signaling, phosphorylation, ubiquitylation and endocytosis in tumors in vivo
Authors: Pinilla-Macua Itziar , Grassart Alexandre , Duvvuri Umamaheswar , Watkins Simon C , Sorkin Alexander
Published: November 2017

Despite a well-established role for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in tumorigenesis, EGFR activities and endocytosis in tumors in vivo have not been studied. We labeled endogenous EGFR with GFP by genome-editing of human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells, which were used to examine EGFR-GFP behavior in mouse tumor xenografts in vivo. Intravital multiphoton imaging, confocal imaging of cryosections and biochemical analysis revealed that localization and trafficking patterns, as well as levels of phosphorylation and ubiquitylation of EGFR in tumors in vivo closely resemble patterns and levels observed in the same cells treated with 20–200 pM EGF in vitro. Consistent with the prediction of low ligand concentrations in tumors, EGFR endocytosis was kinase-dependent and blocked by inhibitors of clathrin-mediated internalization; and EGFR activity was insensitive to Cbl overexpression. Collectively, our data suggest that a small pool of active EGFRs is sufficient to drive tumorigenesis by signaling primarily through the Ras-MAPK pathway.
Modification of the transmission spectrum of the ”semiconductor-dielectric” photonic crystal in an external magnetic field
Authors: Eliseeva S. V. , Fedorova I. V. , Sementsov D. I.
Published: November 2017

In this paper, some features of electromagnetic transmission of the waves of ”semiconductor dielectric” periodic Bragg structure with a finite number of periods have been investigated. In the absence of absorption, for a structure with p-type semiconductor layers, we have analyzed the dependences on the external magnetic field of photon spectrum and transmission coefficient spectrum. It has been shown that with an increasing magnetic field, there is a significant narrowing of bandwidth and broadening of band gaps, as well as formation of new band gaps in the resonance region. The boundaries of all forbidden and allowed bands are shifted to higher frequencies with the increase of the angle of radiation incidence.
Evaluation of potential reference genes for real-time qPCR analysis in a biparental beetle,Lethrus apterus(Coleoptera: Geotrupidae)
Authors: Nagy Nikoletta A. , Németh Zoltán , Juhász Edit , Póliska Szilárd , Rácz Rita , Kosztolányi András , Barta Zoltán
Published: November 2017

Hormones play an important role in the regulation of physiological, developmental and behavioural processes. Many of these mechanisms in insects, however, are still not well understood. One way to investigate hormonal regulation is to analyse gene expression patterns of hormones and their receptors by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). This method, however, requires stably expressed reference genes for normalisation. In the present study, we evaluated 11 candidate housekeeping genes as reference genes in samples ofLethrus apterus, an earth-boring beetle with biparental care, collected from a natural population. For identifying the most stable genes we used the following computational methods: geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, comparative delta Ct method and RefFinder. Based on our results, the two body regions sampled (head and thorax) differ in which genes are most stably expressed. We identified two candidate reference genes for each region investigated: ribosomal protein L7A and RP18 in samples extracted from the head, and ribosomal protein L7A and RP4 extracted from the muscles of the thorax. Additionally, L7A and RP18 appear to be the best reference genes for normalisation in all samples irrespective of body region. These reference genes can be used to study the hormonal regulation of reproduction and parental care inLethrus apterusin the future.
Geological duration of ammonoids controlled their geographical range of fossil distribution
Authors: Wani Ryoji
Published: November 2017

The latitudinal distributions in Devonian–Cretaceous ammonoids were analyzed at the genus level, and were compared with the hatchling sizes (i.e., ammonitella diameters) and the geological durations. The results show that (1) length of temporal ranges of ammonoids effected broader ranges of fossil distribution and paleobiogeography of ammonoids, and (2) the hatchling size was not related to the geographical range of fossil distribution of ammonoids. Reducing the influence of geological duration in this analysis implies that hatchling size was one of the controlling factors that determined the distribution of ammonoid habitats at any given period in time: ammonoids with smaller hatchling sizes tended to have broader ammonoid habitat ranges. These relationships were somewhat blurred in the Devonian, Carboniferous, Triassic, and Jurassic, which is possibly due to (1) the course of development of a reproductive strategy with smaller hatchling sizes in the Devonian and (2) the high origination rates after the mass extinction events.
Causas, consecuencias y mitigación de sequías en Chile
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Bonilla Carlos
Published: November 2017

icos, es posible señalar que la sequía es una adversidad con la cual la población chilena ha convivido desde sus orígenes, ya que se trata de un fenómeno ligado a su posición geográfica y a la naturaleza de su clima. En efecto, su origen se encuentra en la exposición de Chile frente al mar y en los patrones de circulación atmosférica y oceánica. Por consiguiente, el territorio nacional estará siempre amenazado por episodios naturales de este tipo
Notas sobre el régimen jurídico de las aguas en las Indias
Authors:   Universidad Diego Portales (Chile), Barrientos Grandón Javier
Published: November 2017

Las aguas de Indias se hallaban, por regla general, dentro de la categoría de cosas que pertenecían a la Real Corona, es decir, eran bienes de realengo, situación jurídica esta que derivaba de la incorporación jurídica del Nuevo Mundo a la Corona de Castilla en virtud de la donación pontificia y de otros justos títulos
Las organizaciones de usuarios y la inscripción de los derechos de aprovechamiento de aguas
Authors: Del Valle Vergara Rafael
Published: November 2017

De acuerdo con el artículo 114 del Código de Aguas, deberán inscribirse en el Registro de Propiedad de Aguas del Conservador de Bienes Raíces:
Perspectiva urbana de las aguas en Chile
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Rajevic Enrique
Published: November 2017

Quiero agradecer la invitación que el profesor Vergara me formulara para participar en estas Jornadas y advertirles, primero, que no soy un especialista en derecho de aguas. Tanto en mi tesis de grado como en mis cortos años de trabajo profesional me he relacionado con nuestra legislación urbanística, de manera que me referiré al tema de las aguas desde esta particular perspectiva: la de la ciudad.
El mercado de aguas en California
Authors: Bauer Carl J.
Published: November 2017

Hablar de un “mercado” de aguas es complicado, el concepto se presta a engaño. Gran parte del debate sobre el tema se desenvuelve en términos de la teoría económica neoclásica, pero están involucrados muchos factores jurídicos, políticos, históricos y geográficos que hacen que aquella teoría diste de la realidad concreta. En los EE.UU., entonces, cuando se habla del “mercado de aguas” no hay que entenderlo como algo sacado de un texto económico, que funciona de manera automática, sino como un mecanismo institucional bastante restringido, respecto del cual deberíamos bajar nuestras expectativas.
Análisis del funcionamiento del mercado de los derechos de aprovechamiento de agua e identificación de sus problemas
Authors: Donoso Harris Guillermo
Published: November 2017

Los recursos hfdricos son un factor relevante para la actividad productiva en el mundo. Como lo señala Bonnis (1997), en varios países se presentan problemas de disponibilidad de agua tanto estacionales como no estacionales, sequfas hidrológicas, y agotamiento de napas subterráneas. Más aun, en las zonas áridas, el recurso ha alcanzado un nivel de escasez en el cual ya no es factible satisfacer las demandas sin excederlas tasas de uso sustentables en términos de cantidad y calidad. Además, dado que se espera que las demandas de todos los sectores sigan creciendo, los conflictos de uso se agravaran en el futuro próximo. De hecho,Dinar (1997) indica que en décadas recienteslas extracciones de agua han crecido a una tasa anual promedio entre 4 y 8 por ciento para los países en desarrollo.
A cremation pit at Howford, Strichen, Aberdeenshire
Authors: Greig Moira , Anderson Sue , Clarke Ann , Cressey Michael , McKinley Jacqueline , McLaren Dawn
Published: November 2017

A small emergency excavation was undertaken under extreme conditions in 1984 after receiving a report that a Bronze Age urn was visible in an eroded embankment after a heavy frost. Cremated remains of a female adult and infant, 11 burnt flints, a possible fragment of ivory and five pierced clay ornaments were subsequently recovered from the remains of a cremation pit, but no urn was recorded. A radiocarbon determination 3510 ± 30 BP (SUERC-33727) was obtained from birchwood charcoal within the pit and a date from oak charcoal of 3600 ± 30 BP (SUERC-33728). Unfortunately, a few of these artefacts have been mislaid since deposition in a museum so were unavailable for analysis. The same site produced two other cremation pits, one in 1970 and another later in 1986, which produced a date of 3460 ± 35 BP (GrA-28622), suggesting a larger cemetery exists.
Winter Sentinel‐1 Backscatter as a Predictor of Spring Arctic Sea Ice Melt Pond Fraction
Authors: Scharien Randall K. , Segal Rebecca , Nasonova Sasha , Nandan Vishnu , Howell Stephen E. L. , Haas Christian
Published: November 2017

Spring melt pond fraction (fp) has been shown to influence September sea ice extent and, with a growing need to improve melt pond physics in climate and forecast models, observations at large spatial scales are needed. We present a novel technique for estimating fp on sea ice at high spatial resolution from the Sentinel‐1 satellite during the winter period leading up to spring melt. A strong correlation (r = −0.85) is found between winter radar backscatter and fp from first‐year and multiyear sea ice data collected in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) in 2015. Observations made in the CAA in 2016 are used to validate a fp retrieval algorithm, and a fp prediction for the CAA in 2017 is made. The method is effective using the horizontal transmit and receive polarization channel only and shows promise for providing seasonal, pan‐Arctic, fp maps for improved understanding of melt pond distributions and forecast model skill.
Recent Developments in the [5+2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Pellissier Hélène
Published: November 2017

The [5+2] cycloaddition allows the synthesis of a diversity of complex highly functionalized seven‐membered products in a single step. These cycloadducts can readily be further manipulated synthetically for use in the synthesis of a number of complex natural products and important biologically active products containing seven‐membered rings. In addition to the common and highly efficient [5+2] cycloadditions of (oxido)pyrylium and (oxido)pyridinium ions with various π‐systems, providing an easy access to a wide range of novel heterocyclic seven‐membered rings exhibiting an oxygen or nitrogen bridge, the metal‐catalyzed [5+2] cycloadditions still attract a great attention and have become one of the most popular ways of constructing seven‐membered compounds. Among the most important reactions are metal‐catalyzed (hetero) [5+2] cycloadditions of vinyl‐substituted three‐membered rings, rhodium‐catalyzed [5+2] cycloadditions of 3‐acyloxy‐1,4‐enynes, and metal‐catalyzed [5+2] cycloadditions of ortho‐vinylphenols and ortho‐vinyl/arylanilines.

Abbreviations: Ar: aryl; Bipy: bipyridine; Bn: benzyl; Boc: tert‐butoxycarbonyl; cod: cyclooctadiene; coe: cyclooctene; Cp: cyclopentadienyl; Cp*: pentamethylcyclopentadienyl; DABCO: 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane; dbcot: dibenzocyclooctatetraene; DBU: 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene; DCE: 1,2‐dichloroethane; de: diastereomeric excess; DIPEA: diisopropylethylamine; DMAP: 4‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)pyridine; DMF: N,N‐dimethylformamide; dppb: 1,4‐bis(diphenylphosphino)butane; dppe: 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane; ee: enantiomeric excess; Hept: heptyl; Hex: hexyl; HFIP: hexafluoroisopropyl alcohol; L: ligand; M: metal; MCPBA: 3‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid; MOM: methoxymethyl; Mes: mesyl; MS: molecular sieves; Naph: naphthyl; NBD: norbornadiene; Ns: nosyl (4‐nitrobenzenesulfonyl); Pent: pentyl; Phth: phthaloyl; Piv: pivaloyl; PMB: p‐methoxybenzyl; rr: regioselectivity ratio; r.t.: room temperature; TBS: tert‐butyldimethylsilyl; TES: triethylsilyl; Tf: trifluoromethanesulfonyl; TFA: trifluoroacetic acid; TFE: 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol; THF: tetrahydrofuran; TIPS: triisopropylsilyl; TMP: 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine; TMS: trimethylsilyl; Tol: tolyl; Ts: 4‐toluenesulfonyl (tosyl)

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Confined Carbon Mediating Dehydroaromatization of Methane over Mo/ZSM‐5
Authors: Kosinov Nikolay , Wijpkema Alexandra S. G. , Uslamin Evgeny , Rohling Roderigh , Coumans Ferdy J. A. G. , Mezari Brahim , Parastaev Alexander , Poryvaev Artem S. , Fedin Matvey V. , Pidko Evgeny A. , Hensen Emiel J. M.
Published: November 2017

Non‐oxidative dehydroaromatization of methane (MDA) is a promising catalytic process for direct valorization of natural gas to liquid hydrocarbons. The application of this reaction in practical technology is hindered by a lack of understanding about the mechanism and nature of the active sites in benchmark zeolite‐based Mo/ZSM‐5 catalysts, which precludes the solution of problems such as rapid catalyst deactivation. By applying spectroscopy and microscopy, it is shown that the active centers in Mo/ZSM‐5 are partially reduced single‐atom Mo sites stabilized by the zeolite framework. By combining a pulse reaction technique with isotope labeling of methane, MDA is shown to be governed by a hydrocarbon pool mechanism in which benzene is derived from secondary reactions of confined polyaromatic carbon species with the initial products of methane activation.
Are Decisions Made by Group Representatives More Risk Averse? The Effect of Sense of Responsibility
Authors: Wang Zuo‐Jun , Kuang Yi , Tang Hui‐Yi , Gao Cong , Chen Ai , Chan Kai Qin
Published: November 2017

We tested the hypothesis that a sense of responsibility drives group representatives' decisions to be more risk averse compared with decisions made by individuals. The hypothesis was supported when the monetary considerations (i.e., payoff inequality and the magnitude effect) were controlled for in the potential gain domain as well as in the potential loss domain. Evidence showed that this is because the group representatives were concerned about how they would view themselves (e.g., guilt and self‐blame) and also how they would be viewed by others (i.e., to avoid being blamed and looked down upon by others). This study provided new insights into understanding group representatives' decision making under risk. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Tricyanopropylidene‐Based Merocyanine Dyes: Synergistic Experimental and Theoretical Investigations
Authors: Parthasarathy Venkatakrishnan , Pandey Ravindra , Das Puspendu Kumar , Castet Frédéric , Blanchard‐Desce Mireille
Published: November 2017

New merocyanines dyes with tricyanopropylidene‐based acceptor units connected to dihexylaminophenyl or dihexylaminothiophenyl donor moieties through polyenic bridges of different lengths have been designed. All derivatives exhibited a strong dipolar character and showed a typical intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) transition. NMR spectroscopy experiments combined with DFT calculations demonstrated that both the nature of the donor–acceptor pair and the length of the conjugated linker strongly impact the electronic structure of the dyes and induce alteration in the bond‐length alternation (BLA) and marked shifts in the ICT absorption bands. Hyper‐Rayleigh scattering experiments revealed an exponential increase in the second‐harmonic generation response as the polyenic chain length was increased. Strikingly, the largest chromophores with the strongest donor–acceptor pair exhibited a very high first hyperpolarizabilty together with a cyanine‐like electronic structure, which apparently contradicts the paradigm of optimal BLA predicted by the two‐state model. Although it decreased as the polyenic chain length increased, all dyes also exhibited high thermal stability, which demonstrates their potential for applications in nonlinear optical devices.
Aneuploidy, TP53 mutation, and amplification of MYC correlate with increased intratumor heterogeneity and poor prognosis of breast cancer patients
Authors: Oltmann Johanna , Heselmeyer‐Haddad Kerstin , Hernandez Leanora S. , Meyer Rüdiger , Torres Irianna , Hu Yue , Doberstein Natalie , Killian J. Keith , Petersen David , Zhu Yuelin Jack , Edelman Daniel C. , Meltzer Paul S. , Schwartz Russell , Gertz E. Michael , Schäffer Alejandro A. , Auer Gert , Habermann Jens K. , Ried Thomas
Published: November 2017

The clinical course of breast cancer varies from one patient to another. Currently, the choice of therapy relies on clinical parameters and histological and molecular tumor features. Alas, these markers are informative in only a subset of patients. Therefore, additional predictors of disease outcome would be valuable for treatment stratification. Extensive studies showed that the degree of variation of the nuclear DNA content, i.e., aneuploidy, determines prognosis. Our aim was to further elucidate the molecular basis of aneuploidy. We analyzed five diploid and six aneuploid tumors with more than 20 years of follow‐up. By performing FISH with a multiplexed panel of 10 probes to enumerate copy numbers in individual cells, and by sequencing 563 cancer‐related genes, we analyzed how aneuploidy is linked to intratumor heterogeneity. In our cohort, none of the patients with diploid tumors died of breast cancer during follow‐up in contrast to four of six patients with aneuploid tumors (mean survival 86.4 months). The FISH analysis showed markedly increased genomic instability and intratumor heterogeneity in aneuploid tumors. MYC gain was observed in only 20% of the diploid cancers, while all aneuploid cases showed a gain. The mutation burden was similar in diploid and aneuploid tumors, however, TP53 mutations were not observed in diploid tumors, but in all aneuploid tumors in our collective. We conclude that quantitative measurements of intratumor heterogeneity by multiplex FISH, detection of MYC amplification and TP53 mutation could augment prognostication in breast cancer patients.
Real‐time fMRI neurofeedback of the mediodorsal and anterior thalamus enhances correlation between thalamic BOLD activity and alpha EEG rhythm
Authors: Zotev Vadim , Misaki Masaya , Phillips Raquel , Wong Chung Ki , Bodurka Jerzy
Published: November 2017

Real‐time fMRI neurofeedback (rtfMRI‐nf) with simultaneous EEG allows volitional modulation of BOLD activity of target brain regions and investigation of related electrophysiological activity. We applied this approach to study correlations between thalamic BOLD activity and alpha EEG rhythm. Healthy volunteers in the experimental group (EG, n = 15) learned to upregulate BOLD activity of the target region consisting of the mediodorsal (MD) and anterior (AN) thalamic nuclei using rtfMRI‐nf during retrieval of happy autobiographical memories. Healthy subjects in the control group (CG, n = 14) were provided with a sham feedback. The EG participants were able to significantly increase BOLD activities of the MD and AN. Functional connectivity between the MD and the inferior precuneus was significantly enhanced during the rtfMRI‐nf task. Average individual changes in the occipital alpha EEG power significantly correlated with the average MD BOLD activity levels for the EG. Temporal correlations between the occipital alpha EEG power and BOLD activities of the MD and AN were significantly enhanced, during the rtfMRI‐nf task, for the EG compared to the CG. Temporal correlations with the alpha power were also significantly enhanced for the posterior nodes of the default mode network, including the precuneus/posterior cingulate, and for the dorsal striatum. Our findings suggest that the temporal correlation between the MD BOLD activity and posterior alpha EEG power is modulated by the interaction between the MD and the inferior precuneus, reflected in their functional connectivity. Our results demonstrate the potential of the rtfMRI‐nf with simultaneous EEG for noninvasive neuromodulation studies of human brain function.
Life course evolution of body size and breast cancer survival in the E3N cohort
Authors: His Mathilde , Le Guélennec Marine , Mesrine Sylvie , Boutron‐Ruault Marie‐Christine , Clavel‐Chapelon Françoise , Fagherazzi Guy , Dossus Laure
Published: November 2017

Although adult obesity has been associated with poor breast cancer survival, data on adiposity at different periods in life and its lifelong evolution are scarce. Our aims were to assess the associations between breast cancer survival and body size during childhood, puberty and early adulthood and body size trajectories from childhood to adulthood. Self‐assessed body size at age 8, at puberty, at age 20–25 and at age 35–40 and trajectories of body size of 4,662 breast cancer survivors from the prospective E3N cohort were studied in relation to risk of death from any cause, death from breast cancer and second invasive cancer event using multivariate Cox regression models. Four trajectories of body size were identified (T1 “moderate increase,” T2 “stable/low increase,” T3 “increase at puberty” and T4 “constantly high”). Compared with stable body size, an increase in body size during adult life was associated with an increased risk of death from any cause (HR T1 vs. T2 = 1.27; 95% CI = 1.01–1.60) and an increased risk of second invasive cancer event (HR T1 vs. T2 = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.06–1.47). Silhouettes at various ages were not associated with survival. Our results suggest that the evolution of body size from childhood to adulthood has a long‐term influence on breast cancer survival. Although these results need to be confirmed, this work sheds light on the need to combine lifelong approaches to current BMI to better identify breast cancer survivors who are at higher risk of recurrence or second primary cancer, or of death.
Effects of triclosan on Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) during embryo development, early life stage and reproduction
Authors: Horie Yoshifumi , Yamagishi Takahiro , Takahashi Hiroko , Iguchi Taisen , Tatarazako Norihisa
Published: November 2017

Triclosan has been shown to have endocrine‐disrupting effects in aquatic organisms. In 2016, the US Food and Drug Administration banned the use of triclosan in consumer soaps. Before the ban, triclosan was reported at low concentrations in the aquatic environment, although the effect of triclosan on reproduction in teleost fish species is yet to be clarified. Here we investigated the effects of triclosan on embryo development and reproduction, and during the early life stage, in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) by using Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development tests 229, 212 and 210, with minor modifications. In adult medaka, exposure to 345.7 μg l–1 suppressed fecundity and increased mortality but had no effect on fertility. Exposure to 174.1 or 345.7 μg l–1 increased liver vitellogenin concentration in females but decreased liver vitellogenin concentration in males. With triclosan exposure, mortality was increased dose dependently during the embryonic and early larval stages, and a particularly steep increase in mortality was observed soon after hatching. The lowest observed effect concentrations of triclosan in Japanese medaka obtained in the present study (mortality [embryonic and larval stages, 276.3 μg l–1; early life stage, 134.4 μg l–1; adult stage, 174.1 μg l–1], growth [134.4 μg l–1], vitellogenin [174.1 μg l–1], fecundity [345.7 μg l–1] and fertility [>345.7 μg l–1]) were at least 55 times (compared with the USA) and up to 13 400 times (compared with Germany) greater than the detected triclosan levels in the aquatic environment. These results suggest that triclosan may not be affecting fish populations in the aquatic environment.
Molecular dynamics characterization of silver colloidal interfaces for SERS applications. Gallic acid test
Authors: Muñoz‐Gacitúa D. , Garrido C. , Ruiz‐Fernández A. , Ahumada H. , Campos‐Vallette M. M. , Araya‐Maturana R. , Weiss‐López B. E.
Published: November 2017

One of the most useful applications of silver colloidal solutions is in surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), because the amplification factor of about 106 allows the vibrational study and detection of highly diluted species in aqueous environment, and more recently in early diagnosis of cancer and imaging. A useful colloid for SERS is that reported by Leopold and Lendl (Colloid 1). However, SERS response from anions or rich electron density molecules has been difficult to obtain in this colloid. Recently, a minor modification of the surface charge density (Colloid 2) allowed to observe reproducible SERS spectrum from gallate anion (GA−). In this work, the structure of both solid and solution interfaces were characterized using molecular dynamics. Experimental values of ζ‐potentials were reproduced by simulations, and the chemical potential of GA− approaching both interfaces was calculated using “umbrella sampling” and the weighted histograms analisys methodology (WHAM). The calculated barrier to approach the interface of Colloid 1 is 2.8 kJmol−1 greater than in Colloid 2, and the stability of GA− with Colloid 2 at the minimum is 3.5 kJmol−1 more stable than with Colloid 1. Finally, the calculated average orientation of GA− adsorbed onto the colloidal surface is in excellent agreement with the experimental SERS observations.
SERS detection of polyaromatic hydrocarbons on a β‐cyclodextrin containing polymer brush
Authors: Zengin Adem , Tamer Ugur , Caykara Tuncer
Published: November 2017

We have designed a new surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor composed of β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) containing poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) brush coated silicon substrate and per‐6‐deoxy‐(6‐thio)‐β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD‐SH) modified gold nanoparticles for detection of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; pyrene and anthracene). The β‐CD containing PGMA brushes were synthesized by the interface‐mediated Reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate and followed an epoxide ring‐opening reaction to attach β‐CD molecules. Some PAHs, such as pyrene and anthracene, can be introduced into the hydrophobic space of β‐CD, which allows them to detect the SERS of PAHs. After separating pyrene or anthracene from the solution by the β‐CD containing PGMA brush coated silicon substrate, they were sandwiched with the SERS substrate consisting of per‐6‐deoxy‐(6‐thio)‐β‐cyclodextrin and rhodamine 6G (Raman reporter) on gold nanoparticles. The correlation between PAH concentrations and SERS signal was found to be linear in the range of 2.5 to 10 nM for anthracene and 10 and 25 nM for anthracene. The limit of detection values for pyrene and anthracene are 0.8 and 2.4 nM, respectively. Furthermore, the SERS sensor was also evaluated for the investigation of pyrene or anthracene specificity on different organic molecules and polyaromatic hydrocarbons.
Bump hunting by topological data analysis
Authors: Sommerfeld Max , Heo Giseon , Kim Peter , Rush Stephen T. , Marron J. S.
Published: November 2017

A topological data analysis approach is taken to the challenging problem of finding and validating the statistical significance of local modes in a data set. As with the SIgnificance of the ZERo (SiZer) approach to this problem, statistical inference is performed in a multi‐scale way, that is, across bandwidths. The key contribution is a two‐parameter approach to the persistent homology representation. For each kernel bandwidth, a sub‐level set filtration of the resulting kernel density estimate is computed. Inference based on the resulting persistence diagram indicates statistical significance of modes. It is seen through a simulated example, and by analysis of the famous Hidalgo stamps data, that the new method has more statistical power for finding bumps than SiZer. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of chemical shift in Ll and Lƞ X‐ray emission lines in different chemical forms of 48Cd and 50Sn compounds using WDXRF technique
Authors: Kainth Harpreet Singh , Singh Ranjit , Shahi J.S. , Singh Tejbir
Published: November 2017

Chemical shift in Ll and Lƞ X‐ray emission lines of 48Cd and 50Sn elements in various chemical compounds was determined with high resolution wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometer. The positive and negative shifts were measured in 48Cd compounds viz, CdS, CdB4O7, CdCl2, Cd3(PO4)2, CdCO3, CdI2 and CdO with reference to pure Cd foil and 50Sn compounds viz, Sn(CrO4)2, SnO, SnO2, SnCl2, SnF2, SnF4 with reference to pure Sn foil. The measured energy shifts in Ll X‐ray emission lines range from −0.47 to 1.82 eV and Lƞ emission lines range from −2.67 to 1 eV for both compounds. The effective charges (q, q/, q//, and q///) were calculated from four models (Pauling method, Suchet method, Levine method and Batsonav method) and found to be linear dependence with chemical shift. The measured chemical shifts were correlated with effective charge, number of ligands and electronegativity of the central metal atom in the given compounds.
A string theory which isn’t about strings
Authors: Lee Kanghoon , Rey Soo-Jong , Rosabal J. A.
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Quantization of closed string proceeds with a suitable choice of worldsheet vacuum. A priori, the vacuum may be chosen independently for left-moving and right-moving sectors. We construct ab initio quantized bosonic string theory with left-right asymmetric worldsheet vacuum and explore its consequences and implications. We critically examine the validity of new vacuum and carry out first-quantization using standard operator formalism. Remarkably, the string spectrum consists only of a finite number of degrees of freedom: string gravity (massless spin-two, Kalb-Ramond and dilaton fields) and two massive spin-two Fierz-Pauli fields. The massive spin-two fields have negative norm, opposite mass-squared, and provides a Lee-Wick type extension of string gravity. We compute two physical observables: tree-level scattering amplitudes and one-loop cosmological constant. Scattering amplitude of four dilatons is shown to be a rational function of kinematic invariants, and in D = 26 factorizes into contributions of massless spin-two and a pair of massive spin-two fields. The string one loop partition function is shown to perfectly agree with one loop Feynman diagram of string gravity and two massive spin-two fields. In particular, it does not exhibit modular invariance. We critically compare our construction with recent studies and contrast differences.
Trisecting non-Lagrangian theories
Authors: Gukov Sergei
Published: November 2017

Abstract

We propose a way to define and compute invariants of general smooth 4-manifolds based on topological twists of non-Lagrangian 4d

$$ \mathcal{N}=2\kern0.5em \mathrm{and}\kern0.5em \mathcal{N}=3 $$

N
=
2

and

N
=
3

theories in which the problem is reduced to a fairly standard computation in topological A-model, albeit with rather unusual targets, such as compact and non-compact Gepner models, asymmetric orbifolds,

$$ \mathcal{N}=\left(2,2\right) $$

N
=

2
2

linear dilaton theories, “self-mirror” geometries, varieties with complex multiplication, etc.
Higgs assisted Q-balls from pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone bosons
Authors: Bishara Fady , Johnson George , Lennon Olivier , March-Russell John
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Motivated by recent constructions of TeV-scale strongly-coupled dynamics, either associated with the Higgs sector itself as in pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson (pNGB) Higgs models or in theories of asymmetric dark matter, we show that stable solitonic Q-balls can be formed from light pion-like pNGB fields carrying a conserved global quantum number in the presence of the Higgs field. We focus on the case of thick-wall Q-balls, where solutions satisfying all constraints are shown to exist over a range of parameter values. In the limit that our approximations hold, the Q-balls are weakly bound and parametrically large, and the form of the interactions of the light physical Higgs with the Q-ball is determined by the breaking of scale symmetry.
Difficult discourses: How the distances and contours of identities shape challenging moments in political discussions
Authors: Hostetler Andrew L. , Michael A. Neel
Published: November 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the ways novice social studies teachers perceived difficult discourses in their classrooms. Specifically, we sought to understand what social studies teachers think is difficult about navigating political discourses, and how they describe the nature of those discourses in order to draw conclusions about why some teachers choose to avoid or engage in political or social issues discussions with students. We used a collective case study and a grounded theory analysis of video recorded class sessions and video guided debriefings with teachers to explore this phenomena. We found that the degree to which teachers thought the discourse to be difficult to navigate was shaped by: emotional safety of students, teacher's own ideologies, and the distances of students’ identities from the discourse.
Scaling laws for migrating cloud of low-Reynolds-number particles with Coulomb repulsion
Authors: Chen Sheng , Liu Wenwei , Li Shuiqing
Published: November 2017

We investigate the evolution of spherical clouds of charged particles that migrate under the action of a uniform external electrostatic field. Hydrodynamic interactions are modelled by Oseen equations and the Coulomb repulsion is calculated through pairwise summation. It is shown that strong long-range Coulomb repulsion can prevent the breakup of the clouds covering a wide range of particle Reynolds number $Re_{p}$ and cloud-to-particle size ratio $R_{0}/r_{p}$. A dimensionless charge parameter $\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}_{q}$ is constructed to quantify the effect of the repulsion, and a critical value $\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}_{q,t}$ is deduced, which successfully captures the transition of a cloud from hydrodynamically controlled regime to repulsion-controlled regime. Our results also reveal that, with sufficiently strong repulsion, the cloud undergoes a universal self-similar expansion. Scaling laws of cloud radius $R_{cl}$ and particle number density $n$ are obtained by solving a continuum convection equation.
Grammatical category influences lateralized imagery for sentences
Authors: STROUSTRUP SOFIA , WALLENTIN MIKKEL
Published: November 2017

abstract

Natural language syntax has previously been thought to reflect abstract processing rules independent of meaning construction. However, grammatical categories may serve a functional role by allocating attention towards recurrent topics in discourse. Here, we show that listeners incorporate grammatical category into imagery when producing stick figure drawings from heard sentences, supporting the latter view. Participants listened to sentences with transitive verbs that independently varied whether a male or a female character (1) was mentioned first, (2) was the agent or recipient of an action, and (3) was the grammatical subject or object of the sentence. Replicating previous findings, we show that the first named character as well as the agent of the sentence tends to be drawn to the left in the image, probably reflecting left-to-right reading direction. But we also find that the grammatical subject of the sentence has a propensity to be drawn to the left of the object. We interpret this to suggest that grammatical category carries discursive meaning as an attention allocator. Our findings also highlight how language influences processes hitherto thought to be non-linguistic.
Low-fat yogurt consumption reduces biomarkers of chronic inflammation and inhibits markers of endotoxin exposure in healthy premenopausal women: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Pei Ruisong , DiMarco Diana M. , Putt Kelley K. , Martin Derek A. , Gu Qinlei , Chitchumroonchokchai Chureeporn , White Heather M. , Scarlett Cameron O. , Bruno Richard S. , Bolling Bradley W.
Published: November 2017

The anti-inflammatory mechanisms of low-fat dairy product consumption are largely unknown. The objective of this study was to determine whether low-fat yogurt reduces biomarkers of chronic inflammation and endotoxin exposure in women. Premenopausal women (BMI 18·5–27 and 30–40 kg/m2) were randomised to consume 339 g of low-fat yogurt (yogurt non-obese (YN); yogurt obese (YO)) or 324 g of soya pudding (control non-obese; control obese (CO)) daily for 9 weeks (n 30/group). Fasting blood samples were analysed for IL-6, TNF-α/soluble TNF II (sTNF-RII), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, anandamide, monocyte gene expression, soluble CD14 (sCD14), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS binding protein (LBP), IgM endotoxin-core antibody (IgM EndoCAb), and zonulin. BMI, waist circumference and blood pressure were also determined. After 9-week yogurt consumption, YO and YN had decreased TNF-α/sTNFR-RII. Yogurt consumption increased plasma IgM EndoCAb regardless of obesity status. sCD14 was not affected by diet, but LBP/sCD14 was lowered by yogurt consumption in both YN and YO. Yogurt intervention increased plasma 2-arachidonoylglycerol in YO but not YN. YO peripheral blood mononuclear cells expression of NF-κB inhibitor α and transforming growth factor β1 increased relative to CO at 9 weeks. Other biomarkers were unchanged by diet. CO and YO gained approximately 0·9 kg in body weight. YO had 3·6 % lower diastolic blood pressure at week 3. Low-fat yogurt for 9 weeks reduced biomarkers of chronic inflammation and endotoxin exposure in premenopausal women compared with a non-dairy control food. This trial was registered as NCT01686204.
X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT): an emerging opportunity in parasite imaging
Authors: O'Sullivan James D. B. , Behnsen Julia , Starborg Tobias , MacDonald Andrew S. , Phythian-Adams Alexander T. , Else Kathryn J. , Cruickshank Sheena M. , Withers Philip J.
Published: November 2017

X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) is a technique which can obtain three-dimensional images of a sample, including its internal structure, without the need for destructive sectioning. Here, we review the capability of the technique and examine its potential to provide novel insights into the lifestyles of parasites embedded within host tissue. The current capabilities and limitations of the technology in producing contrast in soft tissues are discussed, as well as the potential solutions for parasitologists looking to apply this technique. We present example images of the mouse whipworm Trichuris muris and discuss the application of μCT to provide unique insights into parasite behaviour and pathology, which are inaccessible to other imaging modalities.