bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGGUNAAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOORPERATIF TIPE THINK PAIR AND SHARE (TPS) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PENDIDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM PADA SISWA KELAS IV SDN 014 SIMPANG TETAP DARUL IHSAN DUMAI TAHUN AJARAN 2016/2017
Authors: Hayati Mardiyah
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh pembelajaran yang digunakan oleh guru masih monoton sehingga hasil belajarnya masih dibawah KKM (Kriteria Ketuntasan Belajar) yang telah ditetapkan yaitu 80. Permasalahan yang diungkap dalam penelitian ini adalah apakah penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe think pair share (TPS) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar PAI siswa kelas 1V.C SD Negeri 014 Simpang Tetap Darul Ihsan Dumai Tahun Ajaran 2016/2017. Bentuk penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas, yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus dan setiap siklus dua kali pertemuan. Subjek penelitian ini berjumlah 25 orang siswa. Data awal dari penelitian ini adalah materi pembelajaran sebelum tindakan dengan hasil siswa yang mencapai nilai ketuntasan berjumlah 7 orang atau 28%meningkat pada siklus I sebanyak 14 orang atau 56%. Pada siklus II juga terjadi peningkatan yaitu sebanyak 23 orang atau 92%. Dari penelitian ini juga diperoleh informasi bahwa siswa akan semakin aktif dalam pembelajaran. Rata-rata aktivitas siswa pada siklus I aktivotas siswa memperoleh 71,11% dengan kategori baik dan rata-rata siklus II menjadi 94,45% dengan kategori baik sekali. Aktivitas guru juga semakin baik, pada pertemuan pertama siklus I jumlah skor aktivitas guru adalah 49(65,33%) meningkat menjadi 58 (77,33%) pada pertemuan kedua. Kemudian meningkat lagi menjadi 67 (89,33%)  pada siklus II pertemuan pertama dan terakhir 75 (100%)  pada pertemuan kedua Dari penelitian ini dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa, dengan penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe think pair share (TPS) dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa, aktivitas mengajar guru dan meningkatkan hasil belajar PAI siswa.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Note-Taking Pairs Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Agama Islam
Authors: Poniah P
Published: December 2019

BSTRAK. PTK ini dilakukan karena hasil belajar Pendidikan Agama Islam pada siswa kelas IV SDN 155 Pekanbaru masih tergolong rendah. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini adalah dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe note-taking pairs. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar Pendidikan Agama Islam Pada Siswa Kelas IV SDN 155 Pekanbaru dengan penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Note-Taking Pairs. Metode penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari dua pertemuan dan empat tahap, yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Waktu penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan April 2018 semester II tahun ajaran 2017/2018. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah guru dan siswa kelas IV tahun pelajaran 2017-2018 dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 20 orang yang terbagi atas 11 orang laki-laki dan 9 orang perempuan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik observasi, tes, dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada sebelum tindakan siswa yang tuntas hanya 9 orang siswa atau 45,00%. Sedangkan pada siklus I meningkat menjadi 14 orang siswa atau 70,00%. Pada siklus II meningkat lagi hingga mencapai 19 orang siswa atau dengan persentase 95,00%. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Note-Taking Pairs dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar Pendidikan Agama Islam pada siswa kelas IV SDN 155 Pekanbaru.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA SISWA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MATODE MEMBACA NYARING PADA SISWA KELAS III DI SDN 008 KUALA ENOK
Authors: Rosita Rosita
Published: December 2019

Kemampuan membaca merupakan dasar untuk menguasai berbagai bidang studi. Namun, pada kenyataannya kemampuan membaca di Indonesia masih tergolong rendah dan memerlukan suatu upaya untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut.  Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk meningkatkan kemampuan membaca siswa dengan menggunakan metode membaca nyaring. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan  Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan 4 tahap yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi.  Penelitian ini dilakukan sebanyak 3 siklus.  Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas III di SD 008 Kuala Enok. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu dokumentasi, observasi, dan tes.   Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu deksriptif  kualitatif dan deskriptif  kuantitatif.  Hasil penelitian secara umum menujukkan bahwa metode membaca nyaring dapat meningkatkan kemampuan membaca siswa kelas III di SD 008 Kuala Enok. Sedangkan secara khusus hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan nilai kemampuan membaca siswa pada setiap siklusnya, (1) pada pra siklus hanya 25% siswa, (2) pada siklus 1 meningkat menjadi 43% siswa, (3) pada siklus 2 meningkat lagi menjadi 71% siswa, (4) dan pada siklus 3 hampir seluruh siswa memiliki kemampuan membaca yaitu ada 86% siswa.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Science, Technology and Society untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Proses Peserta Didik pada Mata Pelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam di Kelas IV Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Hanin Kecamatan Tualang Kabupaten Siak
Authors: Ramadhani Arinta Indah , Herlina H. , Nova Theresia Lidya
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan keterampilan proses peserta didik pada mata pelajaran Ilmu Pengatahuan Alam melalui Model Pembelajaran  Science, Technology and Society di kelas IV Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Hanin Kecamatan Tualang Kabupaten Siak. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya keterampilan proses peserta didik, dimana 16,66% saja siswa yang  mampu untuk  mengamati, mengkomunikasikan, mengkasifikasikan, mengukur, memprediksikan dan menyimpulkan dengan baik. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah 1 guru dan 12 peserta didik Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Hanin Kecamatan Tualan Kabupaten Siak. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi dan dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan persentase. Hasil penelitian  menunjukkan setelah diterapkan model pembelajaran Science, Technology and Society pada siklus I keterampilan proses peserta didik mencapai 65,95% dengan kategori cukup dan meningkat pada siklus II  menjadi  82,80 % dengan kategori baik, demkian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran Science, Technology and Society dapat meningkatkan keterampilan proses.
Pengaruh Teknologi Informasi Terhadap akhlak siswa kelas V SDN 147 Pekanbaru
Authors: Mia Ar Mia
Published: December 2019

Education of behavior represent especial problems which always become human being challenge in as long as history civilization of nations [in] world. history indicating that a[n nation will be sturdy if its sturdy behavior conversely a[n nation will collapse if its behavior destroy            This research aim to to know what is there [is] influence which are positive [among/between] Penggunaaan Information Technology with student behavior of SD Country 147 Pekanbaru. To obtain;get required [by] data [is] writer use three data collecting technique that is: (1) Enquette, ( 2) Documentation            Population in this research [is] Class student of V [in] SD Country 147 Town of Pekanbaru amounting to 139 student people. Because to the number of population, hence writer take sampel that is 25% from existing population with technique of Proposional Random Sampling. Become sampel of this research that is counted 35 student people. In quantitative data processing, writer of technique cave analyse quantitative approach with technique cave analyse linear regresi with Smallest Square method by using computer program of SPSS Windows version for 18.0  Conclusion that pursuant to reached persetase in this research can know that there is influence which [is] signifikan [among/between] Usage of Information Technology to student behavior. Influence storey;level [among/between] both variable reside in [at] high or strong category with reng ( 0,700 - 0,900), that is equal to 0,794. While coefficient of determinasi( Square R) [is] 0,631, Contribution information technology to student behavior equal to 0,631 X 100 = 63,1 % and rest influenced by other factor. this situation indicate that active progressively student in using Information Technology, hence student behavior progressively shift from behavior of Islami.
Engineering a recombinant Herpesvirus saimiri strain by co-culturing transfected and permissive cells
Authors: Hamad A. , Chumakov S.P.
Published: December 2019

Recombinant herpesviruses can be used as oncolytic therapeutic agents and high packaging capacity vectors for delivering expression cassettes into the cell. Herpesvirus saimiri is a gamma-herpesvirus that normally infects squirrel monkeys but also has a unique ability to infect and immortalize human lymphocytes while allowing them to retain their mature phenotype and functional activity. Recombination of the Herpesvirus saimiri genome in permissive cells is impeded by its resistance to chemical transfection and electroporation. The aim of this study was to develop an effective method for incorporating expression cassettes into the genome of Herpesvirus saimiri without having to transfect a permissive cell culture. Transfected HEK-293T cells expressing glycoproteins of the measles virus vaccine strain were co-cultured with permissive OMK cells infected with Herpesvirus saimiri. Cell fusion and formation of syncytia stimulated recombination between the viral genome and the expression cassette; this allowed us to obtain a recombinant Herpesvirus saimiri variant without chemical transfection in permissive cells. The genetically modified virus expressed a selectable marker and retained its ability to persist in the cell in the latent state; it also caused immortalization of primary lymphoid cells. The proposed approach allows engineering recombinant Herpesvirus saimiri strains carrying a variety of expression cassettes in its genome.
Characteristics of Patients, Self-Efficacy and Quality of Life among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Winahyu Karina Megasari , Anggita Revi , Widakdo Giri
Published: December 2019

Diabetes mellitus as a chronic disease requires a long-term care, which influence the quality of life (QOL). A mechanism perceived by the patients who engage in long-term treatment, such as self-efficacy (SE) is prerequisite for the success of disease management. The study aimed to identify the relationship between characteristics of patients, SE and domains of QOL among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) living in community. The study used a correlational analytical with a cross-sectional approach and recruited 105 patients with type 2 diabetes in Sukasari Public Health Center, Tangerang. Self-administered questionnaires were used to measure sociodemographic of T2DM patients, while the Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (DMSES) UK and Asian Diabetes Quality of Life (Asian DQOL) were used to measure SF and QOL, respectively. Data were analyzed using Spearman Rank-Order Correlation. The study revealed that characteristics of patients, including age and period of illness were negatively associated with memory and cognition domains of QOL, while years of education positively associated interpersonal relationship domains of QOL. For SE, it was positively significant associated with diet habit, energy, and financial aspects domains of QOL. The SE was positively associated with the QOL (r=0.31; p-value ≤ 0.01). The SE is relationship with QOL of T2DM. Therefore,  health care provider should need to maintain the domains of QOL through improving SE, while considering the characteristics of T2DM patients, including age, period of illness, and years of education.
Nalar Maslahat Dalam Kebijakan Zonasi Dan Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter
Authors: Arif Firman Muhammad
Published: December 2019

Zoning Policy and Character Education Strengthening  are government policies in the education sector. Zoning policy aims at efforts to restore national education and strengthen character   education   aimed   at   developing   religious   values   which   then   accelerate   the strengthening of individual character so that they are able to control themselves and develop noble character in society and nationhood. Mass  reasoning  contained  in  the  qawa'id fiqhiyyah and  usul al-fiqh is  used  as  an instrument  to  measure the  weight  of maslahat  contained in government  education  policies. Zoning policies and strengthening character education are considered as media to achieve goals. The mass content  contained  in the  zoning policy shows maximum weight  than  the mafsadah (something bad or potentially bad). National education arrangement that prioritizes citizenship character has triggered the government to issue a policy to strengthen  character education with the maslahat (something good, potentially good) weight with consideration of the sociological, cultural and political aspects of the local government. The manifestation  of strengthening character education is full day school allowing it to be applied in urban school areas and vice versa will increase the heavy burden of parents and students in various schools in rural areas so that full day school is not forced but chosen.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Agama Islam
Authors: Malia Andi Milda
Published: December 2019

This study aims to to see the application of cooperative kind of classroom learning type student teams achievement division ( stad ) in improving the learning outcomes for islamic education a student of class viiib 7 palopo public junior high schools .This research is research the act of class .The research results show that the results of a: ( 1 ) student learning on the subjects of islamic education class VIIIB in public junior high schools 7 palopo before cooperative kind of classroom learning type student teams achievement division ( stad ) applied is currently far of the value of the criteria set minimum ketuntasan kkm, 78 .( 2 ) the application of cooperative kind of classroom learning on the subjects of islamic education class viiib in public junior high schools 7 palopo it was rarely applied by reason of the condition of class that does not support .( 3 ) the application of cooperative kind of classroom learning type student achievement division ( stad teams to improve learning outcomes for islamic education a student of class VIIIB public junior high schools 7. It is seen of student test scores in the cycle iii with grade point average 89,6.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING (CTL) DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR
Authors: Taufik Irfan
Published: December 2019

This research discusses the application of the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) learning model in improving student learning outcomes, the purpose of the research in this paper is how to use the Contextual Learning learning model and Learning (CTL) can improve student learning outcomes. The type of research used in this study is classroom action research (CAR). The research subjects were students of class XI Administration 3 Vocational High School (SMK) Negeri 1 Palopo 2018/2019 academic year consisting of 7 male students and 18 female students. The data in this study were obtained from the results of observations of student activities (observation sheets) and final cycle test instruments. Furthermore, the data of this study were analyzed with qualitative descriptive. The learning model of Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) in the subjects can improve student learning outcomes. This can be seen from students who enthusiastically receive learning material and students are not ashamed to practice the material directly received, the results showed that during the final test Cycle I student learning outcomes amounted to 73.52%, then in cycle II Discover the results of learning student learning material at 81.48% or around 7.91% in the realm of cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects.
Pengaruh Role Playing Terhadap Minat Belajar Peserta Didik
Authors: Nurjannah Nurjannah
Published: December 2019

This research to talk about the influence of role playing against interest in school tuition and interest in students in the basic stadi Islamic Religious Education class VIII SMPN 3 palopo.Quantitative research study is using techniques the survey covered, observation and non participants. unstructured interviewThe population in this research is the whole students viii class a and viii b in junior high schools 3 palopo were 65. studentsthe analysis used techniques to learn is simple, regression analysis and test the validity of, reliability a coefficient determination, test test a hypothesis by using SPSS. The result showed that any impact on role playing preference for school students is as much as the state 3 palopo is significant.The analysis of the coefficients determined obtained r2= 11,9 % , and the hypothesis obtained  0,355 statistically means we can conclude that the role playing each other related to each other , and its effect on very low preference for school students SMPN 3 Palopo
Projetos de infraestrutura, desastres e indicativos para novos desastres em Barcarena, Pará, Brasil
Authors: Rodrigues Jondison Cardoso , Hazeu Marcel Theodoor
Published: December 2019

O contexto global na atualidade é conformado por uma forte conexão e integração de regiões, países e instituições ao jogo de inclusão de espaços a um processo de “modernização e seletividade espacial” (especialização produtiva e especulativa) com o objetivo de contribuir na hiperfluidez de mercadorias, dinheiro, capital, força de trabalho e pessoas, informações e especulação. Nessa configuração global, geopolítica e de financeirização da economia mundial está inserido o município de Barcarena (nordeste do estado do Pará), o estado do Pará e a Amazônia. Considerando tal discussão o artigo tem o objetivo apresentar de forma sintética e analítica: 1) o papel de Barcarena na rede de produção global de mercadorias; 2) os novos projetos de infraestrutura (e os projetos antigos) e os planejados (e os agentes estruturadores); e, 3) como as novas infraestruturas são indicativos para a produção de novos desastres. O recorte temporal da pesquisa foi de 2015 a 2019, com observações, entrevistas, diálogos com lideranças sociais, análise de documentos oficiais acerca de projetos materializados e sob planejamento. Barcarena é um ponto nodal e célula de fluidez e configuração real de novo corredor de exportação de commodities agrícolas (soja e milho), cujos principais desastres são: 1) desapropriações/expulsões; 2) degradação e poluição ambiental; 3) violação de direitos humanos e étnicos de povos tradicionais. As novas infraestruturas (principalmente portuária) é indicativo, por sinergia de empreendimentos, para novos de desastres e crimes ambientais.
Palavras-chave: Barcarena. Logística. Amazônia. Desastres. Acumulação por espoliação.
An Allee Threshold Model for a Glioblastoma(GB)-Immune System(IS) Interaction with Fuzzy Initial Values
Authors: Benli Fatma Berna , İlhan Onur Alp , Keskin Özgür
Published: December 2019

In this paper, we adopt the model of [12] by including fuzzy initial values to study the interaction of a monoclonal brain tumor and the macrophages for a condition of extinction of GB(Glioblastoma) by using Allee threshold. Numerical simulations will give detailed information on the behavior of the model at the end of the paper. We perform all the computations in this study with the help of the Maple software.
A. R. Nykl and Mexico’s Past, Present and Future
Authors: Winklerová Dagmar
Published: December 2019

This article aims to describe the personality of the talented Czech linguist and distinctive philosopher Alois Richard Nykl, with a special focus on his repeated stays in Mexico as well as his reflection of the post-revolutionary developments there. The unpublished travelogue “Present-Day Mexico”, complemented with the author’s short texts and other archive materials from Nykl’s estate, served as the initial material for this study. This has resulted in a colourful and multilayered picture of the Mexican society in the 1920s as well as Nykl’s complex personality. After over 90 years, his analyses of the contemporary situation and estimates of the future development of Mexico provide an opportunity for an interesting comparison with the present state of affairs.
The Náprstek Museum Photography Collection – An Assessment Based on Collection Records
Authors: Šejbl Jan
Published: December 2019

The study deals with the Náprstek Museum ethnographic photo collection. In order to obtain detailed knowledge of the composition of this collection, an analysis was performed using digital data records obtained through an export from the collection database. The data was then edited using MS Excel with the Contingency Table and Contingency Graph tools. The analysis focusd on the perspective of geography and chronology, originator and the type of photographic material in question. Obtained data clearly shows the percentage of each pursued characteristics and allows to combine them and compare the photo collection as a whole with the other part sof museum’s collections. The analysis method can be also used for another collections as well.
Preliminary Report on the Seventeenth Excavation Season of the Archaeological Expedition to Wad Ben Naga
Authors: Onderka Pavel , Vrtal Vlastimil , Jungová Gabriela
Published: December 2019

The seventeenth excavation season of the Archaeological Expedition to Wad Ben Naga focused on the continued exploration of the so-called Isis Temple (WBN 300), the Palace of Queen Amanishakheto (WBN 100), and cemetery WBN C260.
Evaluation of Slaughter Parameters and Meat Quality of Rabbits Fed Diets with Silkworm Pupae and Mealworm Larvae Meals
Authors: Kowalska Dorota , Gugołek Andrzej , Strychalski Janusz
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of feeding rabbits with diets containing dried silkworm pupae and mealworm larvae meals on their slaughter value and meat quality. A total of 60 New Zealand White rabbits at 35 days of age were divided into 3 equivalent groups. Control group (C) and two experimental diets included either 4% silkworm pupae meal (diet A) or 4% mealworm larvae meal (diet B). The experiment lasted for 55 days and growth performance as well chemical and amino acid meat composition and the profile of fatty acids were evaluated during the study. The results showed that dietary supplementation of insect meals caused increases in final body weight and carcass meat content in rabbits from the experimental groups. The experimental diets had no effect on the sum of essential amino acids in the studied muscles, but created differences in the level of some amino acids: phenylalanine, lysine, tryptophan, threonine, isoleucine and methionine. The concentration of saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in the muscles was comparable in all the groups. In the tissues of rabbits fed the silkworm meal diet, PUFA-3 concentration increased and cholesterol level decreased. It is concluded that dried silkworm pupae and mealworm larvae meals can be used as feed material in rabbit diets at 4% inclusion level without any adverse effect on growth performance, as well as quality and dietetic value of rabbit meat.
The Role of Arginine in Disease Prevention, Gut Microbiota Modulation, Growth Performance and the Immune System of Broiler Chicken – A Review
Authors: Aguzey Harry A. , Gao Zhenhua , Haohao Wu , Guilan Cheng , Zhengmin Wu , Junhong Chen , Li Niu Zhi
Published: December 2019

The effect of dietary arginine on disease prevention, immune system modulation, the gut micro-biota composition and growth of broiler chicken was reviewed. The main aim of poultry production is the maximization of profit at the least possible cost. This objective can mainly be achieved by ensuring that there is no interference in growth or disease outbreak and by feeding chicken with the best possible level of nutrients. With the ban on antibiotic growth promoters, attention is shifted towards other nutrition methods to prevent diseases and promote growth. More attention is therefore given to protein diets in animal nutrition due to their importance as essential part of active biological compounds in the body, assisting in the breakdown of body tissue and helping in the physiological processes of the animal. Arginine plays important function in serving as building blocks of proteins and polypeptides. It performs other roles during the regulation of important biochemical functions such as maintenance, growth, reproduction and immunity. Arginine cannot be synthesized by the body so it has to be supplemented in the diet. When arginine is supplemented above the recommended level, the gut mucosa is protected, immunosuppression is alleviated, diseases like necrotic enteritis, infectious bursal disease and coccidiosis in broiler chickens are prevented. There is an improvement in growth resulting from the increase in intestinal absorption, barrier function and microbiota composition.
Polymorphisms in JAK2 Gene are Associated with Production Traits and Mastitis Resistance in Dairy Cattle
Authors: Ali Nawab , Niaz Sadaf , Khan Naimat Ullah , Gohar Ali , Khattak Irfan , Dong Yixin , Khattak Tariq , Ahmad Iftikhar , Wang Yachun , Usman Tahir
Published: December 2019

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the JAK2 gene on the production and mastitis related traits in dairy cattle. Blood and milk samples were collected from 201 lactating dairy cattle of three breeds, i.e. Holstein Friesian (HF), Jersey (J) and Achai (A) and their crosses maintained at well-established dairy farms in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Generalized linear model was used to evaluate the association between genotypes and the studied traits. A DNA pool was made from randomly selected 30 samples which revealed three SNPs, i.e. SNP 1 in 5’ upstream region (G>A, rs379754157), SNP 2 in intron 15 (A>G, rs134192265), and SNP 3 in exon 20 (A>G, rs110298451) that were further validated in the population under study using SNaPshot technique. Of the three SNPs, SNP 1 did not obey Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P<0.05). SNP 2 and SNP 3 were found to be in strong linkage disequilibrium and allele G was highly prevalent compared to allele A in these SNPs. in SNP 1, the GG genotype was associated with significantly (P<0.01) higher SCC, whereas SNP 2 and SNP 3 were significantly (P<0.01) associated with higher lactose percentage compared to the other geno-types. The haplogroups association analysis revealed that H1H2 (GG GG AG) has significantly lower SCC than H2H2 (GG GG GG). The results infer that JAK2 could be an important candidate gene and the studied SNPs might be useful genetic markers for production and mastitis related traits.
QoS Routing Algorithm Based on Entropy Granularity in the Network Transmission
Authors: Li Xiaoling , Hu Hai
Published: December 2019

With the rapid development of computer networks, more hosts are connected to the Internet where they could communicate with each other. The need for network service has exceeded the service capacity of the network, and the Quality of Service (QoS) is gradually declining. Based on existing Shortest Path First (SPF) algorithm, this paper proposes a new QoS required transmission path approach by considering the overhead balance of network resources. This paper uses the entropy granularity as the main line in the application of routing protocols. Firstly, it researches the optimization of routing algorithms for network load balancing resources, routing algorithms based on link traffic distributing weights, link weight optimization based on adaptive genetic algorithm and computational intelligence based on entropy granularity theory. This research proposes a method to apply entropy granularity to Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routing, including the implementation of the method. After that, a case study is presented by using some examples.
Ethical teachings of Classical Antiquity philosophers in the poetry of Saint Gregory of Nazianzus
Authors: Brodňanská Erika , Koželová Adriána
Published: December 2019

The paper focuses on the ethical teachings of Classical Antiquity philosophers in the poetry of Saint Gregory of Nazianzus, especially on the parallels between the author’s work and the Cynics and the Stoics. The syncretic nature of Gregory’s work, reflected in the assimilation of the teachings of ancient philosophical schools and the then expanding Christianity creates conditions for the explanation and highlighting of basic human virtues. Gregory of Nazianzus’ legacy also draws on the teachings of such philosophers as Plato and Aristotle, but he always approaches them from the perspective of a strictly Christian worldview. He understands philosophy as a moral underlying basis from which one can draw inspiration for a virtuous and happy life. Gregory thinks that philosophy cannot harm Christians in the pursuit of a virtuous life. Nevertheless, Christian teachings and God are the highest authority. They stand above all philosophical schools or ideas advanced by specific philosophers. Gregory’s moral poetry thus directs his readers, if they are to deserve eternal life, to follow the commandments, which is possible only if one lives a practical and virtuous life.
Motivations and attitudes toward domestic tourism in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mansour Mourad , Mumuni Alhassan G
Published: December 2019

Beginning with the establishment of a Supreme Commission for Tourism and Antiquities’ (SCTA) in 2000, there have been official attempts by the government of Saudi Arabia to encourage domestic tourism in order to tap into the huge amounts that Saudis spend annually on vacations. This paper examines the motivations and attitudes of consumers toward tourism destinations and activities within the country (domestic tourism). Using data collected through a structured self-administered questionnaire, the study finds that familiarity and trust of the local environment, perceptions of the safer domestic environment, and limitations imposed by respondents’ vacation timing are the primary motives for choosing to spend their vacations locally, while lack of quality domestic tourist sites and services (including entertainment facilities), lack of tourism information, insufficient tourism organization services, and the harsh local environmental conditions during summer are factors that ‘push’ people from spending the vacations locally. Attitudes toward domestic tourism are generally negative, although there are significant differences in attitudes between respondents who prefer domestic destinations and those who prefer to travel out of Kingdom. Implications of the findings are outlined and discussed.
High performance work practices and well-being at restaurant work
Authors: Cajander Niko , Reiman Arto
Published: December 2019

This study focuses on human resource management (HRM) and high performance work practices in small restaurants. Empirical material is collected through interviews aimed at individuals working in the restaurant industry. In the first phase of this study in 2010, ten employees were interviewed, and in the second phase in 2018, five of them were re-interviewed. In 2010, the interviewees were working as employees in a restaurant where well-being was constantly challenged during work. During the second round of interviews in 2018, the interviewees had continued their careers in the sector and worked in five different restaurants. The findings indicate the signs of rapid change within the specific restaurant studied and provide insights into managing well-being at work in the restaurant industry as a whole – an industry that is constantly facing new types of challenges related to new working modes. Findings indicate that well-being at work is a holistic combination of individual and work-level activities; thus, a comprehensive approach to HRM is required.
Evaluation of sustainable tourism potential of the principle Giant Mountains resorts in the Czech Republic
Authors: Havlíková Michaela , Stupková Lucie Crespo , Plíšková Lenka
Published: December 2019

This paper proposes a new methodology for assessing the potential of sustainable tourism. It examines the overall potential of the landscape when faced with the negative impacts of tourism. Our assessment combines components of tourism and environmental sustainability. The methodology involved consultation with experts, and verification by tourists before being applied to the study area. The methodology was then applied to selected tourism centres in the Giant Mountains. The Giant Mountains are a popular tourist destination thanks to their outstanding natural beauty, and represent significant potential for tourism development. They are also one of the most over-burdened regions from tourism in the Czech Republic. However, many negative impacts of tourism exist, reducing the overall tourism potential of the region. Comparative results from the individual tourist centres in the study reveal the significant impact of potentially reducing attributes. Our assessment of the potential for sustainable tourism development in the area thus combines the environmental aspect of sustainable forms of tourism, with the identification of the most serious threats that need to be avoided to maintain the environment in the long-term. The results reveal the significant impact of excessive and inappropriate infrastructure and housing, as well as insufficient environmental education and legislation.
Planting patterns and exotic plants in nineteenth-century Bucharest public gardens
Authors: Mexi Alexandru
Published: December 2019

The first two public gardens in Bucharest, as well as some of the oldest in the South and East regions of nowadays country of Romania, were designed, built and planted around the mid-nineteenth century by a German-born landscape gardener named Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Meyer. These two public gardens were designed according to modern nineteenth century landscaping concepts and were planted with exotic species of flowers, shrubs and trees not common at that time either in Bucharest or anywhere in the Romanian provinces south or east of the Carpathians. To better understand the design, development, and meaning of these gardens, this paper aims to analyze the specific palette of ornamental species of plants and the planting patterns that were used for the Kiseleff and Cișmigiu gardens in Bucharest and to outline the importance of their use.
The senior universities students in Portugal and Brazil
Authors: Jacob Luis , Lisa Valéria , Pocinho Ricardo
Published: December 2019

Given the growth in the number of senior universities in Portugal and Brazil, we think it is important to know the audience which frequents these institutions, their motivations, the health impact and whether there are significant differences between the two countries. The authors have created a survey that was applied in person in Portugal and the State of Goiás in Brazil. With this study, it was possible to trace the profile of the students who attend the Senior Universities (US or U3A) in Portugal and universities open to Seniors (UNATI) in Brazil. We also added a study on volunteer teachers in the Portuguese US.

We now know that are essentially women, aged 60-75 years and of all social and educational levels. As for the motives are essentially the conviviality, get active and learn. No significant differences were found between the two countries, in groups and in the motivations, with exception to the marital status and the number of courses attended.
Evaluation of meteorological drought using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) in the High Ziz River basin, Morocco
Authors: Diani Khadija , Kacimi Ilias , Zemzami Mahmoud , Tabyaoui Hassan , Haghighi Ali Torabi
Published: December 2019

One of the adverse impacts of climate change is drought, and the complex nature of droughts makes them one of the most important climate hazards. Drought indices are generally used as a tool for monitoring changes in meteorological, hydrological, agricultural and economic conditions. In this study, we focused on meteorological drought events in the High Ziz river Basin, central High Atlas, Morocco. The application of drought index analysis is useful for drought assessment and to consider methods of adaptation and mitigation to deal with climate change. In order to analyze drought in the study area, we used two different approaches for addressing the change in climate and particularly in precipitation, i) to assess the climate variability and change over the year, and ii) to assess the change within the year timescale (monthly, seasonally and annually) from 1971 to 2017. In first approach, precipitation data were used in a long time scale e.g. annual and more than one-year period. For this purpose, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was considered to quantify the rainfall deficit for multiple timescales. For the second approach, trend analysis (using the Mann-Kendall (M-K) test) was applied to precipitation in different time scales within the year. The results showed that the study area has no significant trend in annual rainfall, but in terms of seasonal rainfall, the magnitude of rainfall during summer revealed a positive significant trend in three stations. A significant negative and positive trend in monthly rainfall was observed only in April and August, respectively.
Electrical and thermal characteristics of MWCNTs modified carbon fiber/epoxy composite films
Authors: Kareem Aseel A. , Rasheed Hussein Kh.
Published: December 2019

To enhance interfacial bonding between carbon fibers and epoxy matrix, the carbon fibers have been modified with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) using the dip- coating technique. FT-IR spectrum of the MWCNTs shows a peak at 1640 cm−1 corresponding to the stretching mode of the C=C double bond which forms the framework of the carbon nanotube sidewall. The broad peak at 3430 cm−1 is due to O–H stretching vibration of hydroxyl groups and the peak at 1712 cm−1 corresponds to the carboxylic (C=O) group attached to the carbon fiber. The peaks at 2927 cm−1 and 2862 cm−1 are assigned to C–H stretching vibration of epoxy produced at the defect sites of acid-oxidized carbon fiber surface. SEM image shows a better interface bonding between the fiber and the matrix of modified composites (MWCNTs-CF/Ep) than those of unmodified composite. The loss factor curve of CF-MWCNTs/Ep composites is the narrowest compared with neat epoxy and CF/Ep composites which evinces that the length distribution range of molecular chain segments in the matrix is the narrowest. From the dependence of the AC conductivity on temperature, we can see that σAC increases when temperature increases. The increase in electrical conductivity of the composites may be a result of the increased chain ordering due to annealing effect. The use of MWCNTs to modify the surface of carbon fiber resulted in a large amount of junctions among MWCNT causing an increase in the electrical and thermal conductivity by forming conducting paths in the matrix. The MWCNTs-CF/Ep composite shows better thermal stability than unmodified composites. The strong interaction between CF and MWCNTs can retard diffusion of small molecules from the resin matrix at high temperature and hence, result in the improved thermal stability of the modified CF/Ep composite.
Does Participatory Budgeting Bolster Voter Turnout in Elections ? The Case of the Czech Republic
Authors: Kukučková Soňa , Bakoš Eduard
Published: December 2019

Though participatory budgeting (PB) is often discussed as a tool to bolster the level of civic participation and the quality of democracy, empirical research on the subject offers ambiguous results. In the Czech Republic, PB was introduced 5 years ago, and the number of implemented PBs has since increased substantially. The purpose of this article is to evaluate whether the use of PB is associated with higher voter turnout in municipal and parliamentary elections. Voter turnout in Czech municipalities that implemented PB is analyzed and compared with the control group of municipalities without PB. Considered by type of election, we found that the impact of PB use on voter turnout is higher for local elections than it is for national elections, which is in line with our assumptions. However, our results were significant for Prague districts only. Participatory budgeting could increase voter turnout in local election, but there are other factors that must be considered.
Transaction Costs, Outsourcing, and the Public Procurement Review Process in the Czech Republic and Slovakia
Authors: Šumpíková Markéta , Ďurčeková Ina
Published: December 2019

Public procurement is a crucial activity undertaken by the public sector. However, public procurement entails a wide range of transaction costs. While many papers focus on the ex-ante transaction costs, it is equally important to evaluate the types of ex-post transaction costs. The disputes stemming from conflicts between procuring authorities and proposers often bring additional costs to both parties. One of the ways to ensure that the procuring authority wins the dispute is using the services of an external law firm to represent the procuring authority in the review process. The aim of the paper is to examine the extent of the use of external law services in the public-procurement review process by procuring authorities and proposers in Slovakia and in the Czech Republic. The focus is also on the impact the use of external law firms in the review process may have on the length of the review process and the outcome of the dispute. Our results suggest that while the use of the external law firm may lead to a higher success rate of the review process on the side of a procuring authority, the same does not apply to proposers. There were no conclusive findings regarding the impact of the outsourcing on the length of the review process.
Critical thinking as an indispensable component of the Polish nurses’ education process and a necessary condition for the development of nursing
Authors: Pucko Zygmunt , Przybek-Mita Joanna
Published: December 2019

Introduction. The changing reality, the interpenetration of cultures, progress in the field of science, the development of technology, the emergence of unprecedented needs, challenges from the civic health care system require nurses to accurately interpret the essence of phenomena and respond appropriately to the ongoing transformations. Therefore, the education process should not only convey the latest knowledge, stimulate self-education, prepare for conducting comparative and application activities, but also educate specific thought habits called critical thinking, as it is the opposite of routine, schematism or imitation.

Aim. Understanding the specifics of critical thinking. Providing several concepts of critical thinking. Demonstrating the need to develop critical thinking in the nurses’ education process. An attempt to provide appropriate criteria for the assessing of critical thinking skills in nursing.

Method. A phenomenological method that guarantees truthfulness and certainty of cognition through the intuitive knowledge of the essence of the phenomenon and the precision of the language of its expression.

Conclusions. Critical thinking teaches courage in breaking conceptual patterns. It allows you to define problems in a rapidly changing reality and find the optimal way to solve them. It extends the repertoire of the basic skills of a modern nurse. Moreover, it increases the independence of nurses and raises the level of their professionalism. Critical thinking as a key competence should become one of the main goals of education at every level. Mandatory courses of critical thinking and its application in practical activities should be organized for nurses.
Polish anaesthesiology nursing documentation: a complex, multi-faceted nursing practice in the context of evidence-based professional practice
Authors: Ozga Dorota , Jadczak Małgorzata , Zdun Anna , Woźniak Krystyna , Krupa Sabina , Witt Paweł
Published: December 2019

Introduction. Research demonstrates that nursing documentation is a condition for the continuity of patient care and for their safety. The objective of the article is to present the existing knowledge on anaesthesiology nursing documentation and to specify its essential elements.

Material and methods. A literature review was performed with a systematic literature search. The content of the included studies was analysed in terms of its content and relevance. The materials was gathered through electronic database search.

Results. It was found that the key elements of the documentation-related practice of anaesthesiology nurses were as follows: the record-keeping tool should be adjusted to the clinical practice, the documentation for nurses should take into consideration the patient safety aspect and protect nurses from legal consequences; also, the documentation should comply with the current legal regulations and be regularly updated.

Conclusions. Anaesthesiology nurses who keep their documentation contribute to improving the safety of patients and themselves. With observations and taking notes on all performed interventions, it is possible to prevent errors and track changes in the patient’s condition reflected in their medical record.
The role of robots in the improving work of nurses
Authors: Blechar Łukasz , Zalewska Patrycja
Published: December 2019

Introduction. Currently we observe a change in the labor market. It is caused by the new developments in the field of artificial Intelligence.

Aim. We would like to present current trends affecting the work of nurses and midwives around the world in order to raise the social awareness of these changes among Polish healthcare workers. Moreover, we want to emphasize the fact that it is necessary to involve them as the stakeholders in the ongoing discussions and research projects in order to better understand their needs and expectations.

Discussion. The article revolves around the current state of technology. We begin by outlining the framework of the perceived changes in the nurses’ structures and tasks around the world. Then we provide the examples of a variety of robots already executing those tasks. We start with the robots whose purpose is the elimination of simple, routine activities such as TUG or HOMER. After doing so, we move on to possible solutions how to eliminate the need for personal involvement in invasive (such as BloodBot) and non-invasive procedures (CLARA). We finish by introducing the machines used to replicate animal therapy, which can be used to treat patients who have difficulties with communicating their needs.

Conclusions. We would like to present the future of nursing closely related to machines. We want to emphasize the element of complementarity of this relation and the fact that performing some tasks by robots is not connected with replacing people, but rather with enabling them to shift their focus from the performance of arduous duties to spending more time on empathic work with the patient.