bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge of Dietary Recommendations, Food Availability, and Food Selection Attitudes of Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lukmana Elvira Dona , Larasati Meirina Dwi , Jaelani Mohammad
Published: July 2023

SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus responsible for COVID-19 disease, has affected all regions of Indonesia, leading to an increase in cases and prompting the Indonesian government to impose Large-Scale Social Restrictions (LSSR). Prolonged exposure to LSSR can potentially impact diet, dietary availability, and food preferences. Therefore, understanding the knowledge of dietary recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic is crucial to support individuals in maintaining a healthy diet and lifestyle. This study aims to investigate the relationship between knowledge of dietary intake recommendations, food availability, and food selection attitudes among adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional design was employed, and 124 individuals were selected as research subjects using a purposive sampling technique. The data on knowledge, food availability, and attitudes towards food selection were collected through a Google Forms questionnaire. Statistical test was conducted using the Fisher Exact test to determine the relationship between variables. The findings of this study demonstrated no correlation between knowledge and food selection attitude (p>0.05), as well as between food availability and food selection attitude (p>0.05). However, there was a tendency for individuals with good knowledge to have good attitudes and individuals with good attitudes to have sufficient food availability, despite the absence of statistical correlation.
The moderating role of attitude-related variables in the link between personality characteristics and digital entrepreneurship desire: A study of Ha'il's efforts for competitive advantage in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mohammed Sulaiman Abdullah Saif Alnasser , Al Qataan Ataalah Mohmmed , Abdelhalee Abdelhaleem Ataelmanan , Farah Moawia Abdelhadi Ahmed
Published: July 2023

This research article aims to explore the influence of attitude-related variables on the relationship between personality traits and the inclination to participate in digital entrepreneurship, within the context of Ha'il's endeavors for competitive advantage in Saudi Arabia. In alignment with global trends, the emerging generation of Saudi entrepreneurs is increasingly reliant on technology for commercial operations. Consequently, digital entrepreneurship research has gained early attention, particularly in Ha'il, Saudi Arabia. The attitudes under examination comprise three components: behavioral, cognitive, and affective. We specifically targeted undergraduate students enrolled in the College of Business Administration at the University of Ha'il and distributed 241 questionnaires among them. Employing SMART PLS software for analysis, we discovered that personality traits significantly shape the interplay between attitudes and entrepreneurial intentions. This study's findings hold potential implications for understanding Ha'il's competitive advantages and aligning with Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030. Despite limitations in sample size and the use of electronic data collection, future research could delve into the drivers of digital entrepreneurial intention in Ha'il, as a strategic means to gain a competitive edge.
Simulation of focused ion beam milling of multilayer substrates
Authors: Rumyantsev A. V.  , Borgardt N. I.  , Volkov R. L.
Published: July 2023

The level set method was generalized for simulating the evolution of the surface of multilayer substrates under focused ion beam irradiation. For a correct description of such process the calculations took into account the sputtering yield angular dependences, the densities of the irradiated materials and it was considered that sputtered atoms can escape from different layers of the substrate. Comparison of the calculation results with experimental data for test structures formed in a two-layer silicon dioxide-crystalline silicon substrate showed that the developed simulation method makes it possible to predict the shape of structures fabricated by a focused ion beam with good accuracy. Keywords: Focused ion beam, sputtering, level set method.
Effect of adding antisaline and marine algae on the vegetative growth characteristics of Cauliflower, Mica Cultivar
Authors: Kareem Al-Zubaidi Mohammad Salman , Rahem Bader Basem , Hadi Al-Alawi Hassan , Ali Abood Mohammed , Jassim Al-Afraji Hassan Rashid , Hassan Akram Zainab
Published: July 2023

In the agricultural season 2019-2020 in one of the farming fields in Muqdadiya district, Haruniya region Kilo 21, 40 km north-east of Baquba district of Diyala governorate, order to study the effect of adding anticline and marine algae on the vegetative growth characteristics of broccoli, mica cultivar. The results showed the superiority of anti-salinity treatment in most of the studied traits, including(Plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, stem diameter, chlorophyll b,a concentration and carotene percentage in leaves) which achieved (69.10 cm, 29.08 leaf-1, 235.16 dm2 plant-1 , 29.01 mm, 0.68 mg g-1, 0.51 mg g-1, 0.58%) respectively also the spray of marine algae superiority at most of the studied traits, including in some characteristics (Plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, stem diameter, chlorophyll b,a and carotene percentage in leaves) (69.53 cm, 31.83 leaf-1, 272.71 dm2 plant-1, 33.88 mm, 0.70 mg g-1, 0.53 mg g-1,0.62%) respectively and the interaction between the two factors was reatment ignificant and superiority at in most of the traits, including (Plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, stem diameter, chlorophyll b,a concentration and carotene percentage in leaves) in some traits (76.30 cm, 33.86 leaf-1, 301.17 dm2 plant-1, 35.50 mm, 0.80 mg g-1, 0.56 mg g-1, 0.70%) respectively.
Keywords: anti-saline, foliar nutrition, Marine Algae extract, Cauliflower
Efficient Generation of Chondrocytes From Bone Marrow–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a 3D Culture System: Protocol for a Practical Model for Assessing Anti-Inflammatory Therapies (Preprint)
Authors: Patnaik Rajashree , Jannati Shirin , Sivani Bala Mohan , Rizzo Manfredi , Naidoo Nerissa , Banerjee Yajnavalka
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

Chondrocytes are the primary cells responsible for maintaining cartilage integrity and function. Their role in cartilage homeostasis and response to inflammation is crucial for understanding the progression and potential therapeutic interventions for various cartilage-related disorders. Developing an accessible and cost-effective model to generate viable chondrocytes and to assess their response to different bioactive compounds can significantly advance our knowledge of cartilage biology and contribute to the discovery of novel therapeutic approaches.

OBJECTIVE

We developed a novel, streamlined protocol for generating chondrocytes from bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in a 3D culture system that offers significant implications for the study of cartilage biology and the discovery of potential therapeutic interventions for cartilage-related and associated disorders.

METHODS

We developed a streamlined protocol for generating chondrocytes from BMSCs in a 3D culture system using an “in-tube” culture approach. This simple pellet-based 3D culture system allows for cell aggregation and spheroid formation, facilitating cell-cell and cell–extracellular matrix interactions that better mimic the in vivo cellular environment compared with 2D monolayer cultures. A proinflammatory chondrocyte model was created by treating the chondrocytes with lipopolysaccharide and was subsequently used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D, curcumin, and resveratrol.

RESULTS

The established protocol successfully generated a large quantity of viable chondrocytes, characterized by alcian blue and toluidine blue staining, and demonstrated versatility in assessing the anti-inflammatory effects of various bioactive compounds. The chondrocytes exhibited reduced inflammation, as evidenced by the decreased tumor necrosis factor-α levels, in response to vitamin D, curcumin, and resveratrol treatment.

CONCLUSIONS

Our novel protocol offers an accessible and cost-effective approach for generating chondrocytes from BMSCs and for evaluating potential therapeutic leads in the context of inflammatory chondrocyte–related diseases. Although our approach has several advantages, further investigation is required to address its limitations, such as the potential differences between chondrocytes generated using our protocol and those derived from other established methods, and to refine the model for broader applicability and clinical translation.
The TeleTriageTeam, Offering Continuity of Personalized Care Through Telemedicine: Development and Evaluation (Preprint)
Authors: Claessens Janneau , Mueller-Schotte Sigrid , van Weerden Jeannette , Kort Helianthe , Imhof Saskia , Wisse Robert
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic taught us how to rethink care delivery. It catalyzed creative solutions to amplify the potential of personnel and facilities. This paper presents and evaluates a promptly introduced triaging solution that evolved into a tool to tackle the ever-growing waiting lists at an academic ophthalmology department, the TeleTriageTeam (TTT). A team of undergraduate optometry students, tutor optometrists, and ophthalmologists collaborate to maintain continuity of eye care. In this ongoing project, we combine innovative interprofessional task allocation, teaching, and remote care delivery.

OBJECTIVE

In this paper, we described a novel approach, the TTT; reported its clinical effectiveness and impact on waiting lists; and discussed its transformation to a sustainable method for delivering remote eye care.

METHODS

Real-world clinical data of all patients assessed by the TTT between April 16, 2020, and December 31, 2021, are covered in this paper. Business data on waiting lists and patient portal access were collected from the capacity management team and IT department of our hospital. Interim analyses were performed at different time points during the project, and this study presents a synthesis of these analyses.

RESULTS

A total of 3658 cases were assessed by the TTT. For approximately half (1789/3658, 48.91%) of the assessed cases, an alternative to a conventional face-to-face consultation was found. The waiting lists that had built up during the first months of the pandemic diminished and have been stable since the end of 2020, even during periods of imposed lockdown restrictions and reduced capacity. Patient portal access decreased with age, and patients who were invited to perform a remote, web-based eye test at home were on average younger than patients who were not invited.

CONCLUSIONS

Our promptly introduced approach to remotely review cases and prioritize urgency has been successful in maintaining continuity of care and education throughout the pandemic and has evolved into a telemedicine service that is of great interest for future purposes, especially in the routine follow-up of patients with chronic diseases. TTT appears to be a potentially preferred practice in other clinics and medical specialties. The paradox is that judicious clinical decision-making based on remotely collected data is possible, only if we as caregivers are willing to change our routines and cognitions regarding face-to-face care delivery.
Longer-Term Effects of Cardiac Telerehabilitation on Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Zhong Wen , Liu Rui , Cheng Hongxin , Xu Lin , Wang Lu , He Chengqi , Wei Quan
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

Cardiac telerehabilitation offers a flexible and accessible model for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), effectively transforming the traditional cardiac rehabilitation (CR) approach.

OBJECTIVE

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of cardiac telerehabilitation.

METHODS

We searched randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in 7 electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WANFANG. The primary outcome focused on cardiopulmonary fitness. For secondary outcomes, we examined cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure, BMI, and serum lipids), psychological scales of depression and anxiety, quality of life (QoL), cardiac telerehabilitation adherence, and adverse events.

RESULTS

In total, 10 RCTs fulfilled the predefined criteria, which were reviewed in our meta-analysis. The results showed that after cardiac telerehabilitation, there was a significant difference in the improvement in long-term peak oxygen uptake compared to center-based CR (mean difference [MD] 1.61, 95% CI 0.38-2.85, P=.01), particularly after 6-month rehabilitation training (MD 1.87, 95% CI 0.34-3.39, P=.02). The pooled effect size of the meta-analysis indicated that there were no significant differences in the reduction in cardiovascular risk factor control. There was also no practical demonstration of anxiety scores or depression scores. However, cardiac telerehabilitation demonstrated an improvement in the long-term QoL of patients (MD 0.92, 95% CI 0.06-1.78, P=.04). In addition, the study reported a high completion rate (80%) for cardiac telerehabilitation interventions. The incidence of adverse events was also low during long-term follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS

Cardiac telerehabilitation proves to be more effective in improving cardiopulmonary fitness and QoL during the long-term follow-up for patients with CAD. Our study highlights monitoring-enabled and patient-centered telerehabilitation programs, which play a vital role in the recovery and development of CAD and in the long-term prognosis of patients.
Perceived Knowledge, Attitudes, and Barriers Toward the Adoption of Telemedicine Services in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Baradwan Saeed , Al-Hanawi Mohammed
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

The adoption of telemedicine has facilitated the opportunity to offer the best health care services. Nevertheless, there is a mismatch between the presence of telemedicine programs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and poor acceptance by the end-user patients.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to gain a holistic understanding of the knowledge, attitudes, and barriers of the end-user patients (ie, research participants) toward the utility of telemedicine services in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

METHODS

A cross-sectional, survey-based study was conducted from June 1 to July 31, 2022, in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire was developed based on a literature review and was examined for validity and reliability. Knowledge questions used a yes-or-no format, whereas attitude and barrier questions used a 5-point Likert-scale format. Data were reported descriptively and analyzed using SPSS (IBM Corp) software. To evaluate the differences in mean scores and identify sociodemographic factors associated with knowledge and attitudes toward the adoption of telemedicine, the data were analyzed using univariate and multivariable regression analyses, respectively.

RESULTS

Overall, 1024 participants participated in the survey. The percentages of participants who attended a telemedicine service before, during, and after COVID-19 were 49.61% (508/1024), 61.91% (634/1024), and 50.1% (513/1024), respectively. The mean score for knowledge was 3.52 (SD 1.486; range 0-5), reflecting a high level of knowledge. The mean score for attitudes was 37.08 (SD 8.526; range 11-55), reflecting optimistic (positive) attitudes. Regarding barriers, the participants voiced some concerns regarding patient and physician resistance and attributed some cultural and technology-related limitations as potential hindrances to the full adoption of telemedicine services. The place of residence (rural vs nonrural) had a significant impact on the scores of knowledge, attitudes, and barriers, whereas gender had no significant impact. The multivariable regression analysis showed that several sociodemographic factors significantly correlated with knowledge and attitudes toward the adoption of telemedicine services.

CONCLUSIONS

The participants showed good knowledge and positive attitudes toward telemedicine services. The perceived barriers were in line with the published literature. This research calls for the need to strengthen the positive attitudes and rectify the barriers, so that the utility of telemedicine services can be maximized in the community.
Cognitive Interventions in Individuals With Chronic Respiratory Diseases: Protocol for a Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Ryzer Danielle , Bhatti Bushra , Streicher Alana , Weinberg Paula , Hanna Fady , Moretto Jessica , Brooks Dina , Quach Shirley , Oliveira Ana
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) may cause reduced oxygen availability to organs and body tissues, leading to an increased risk for ischemic damage, which can result in brain tissue injury. This damage can lead to a myriad of neurological symptoms contributing to cognitive decline. Cognitive interventions may attenuate cognitive deficits in people with CRDs; however, the effects have not yet been systematically summarized in the literature.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the effects of cognitive interventions (including cognitive behavioral therapy and transcranial brain stimulation) on cognitive function (primary outcome), HRQL, self-management, symptoms, physical activity, physical function, ability to complete activities of daily living (ADLs), hospital admissions, functional capacity, functional performance, psychological and social outcomes, exacerbations, healthcare utilization, and survival in individuals with CRDs.

METHODS

This review will be conducted in accordance with the Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions and reported following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Searches will be performed in MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, PsycINFO, Scopus, and CINAHL. Articles will be included if they focus on the effects of cognitive interventions on adults with CRDs, are published in peer-reviewed journals, and are written in English, French, or Portuguese. Risk of bias will be evaluated with the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool for randomized controlled trials, and the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions tool for nonrandomized studies. Meta-analyses will be performed if at least 2 studies provided sufficient data for a specific outcome. The GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) assessment will be used to evaluate the overall quality of the evidence.

RESULTS

This systematic review was initiated in November 2022 and registered with PROSPERO in February 2023, prior to title and abstract screening. Full-text screening of articles will be completed in June 2023. Data extraction and drafting of the manuscript will occur from July 2023 to August 2023, with expected publication in February 2024.

CONCLUSIONS

This systematic review will summarize the effects of cognitive interventions on cognitive function in people with CRDs. It will guide health care professionals in selecting evidence-based strategies to enhance cognitive well-being and overall health outcomes for individuals with CRDs. Additionally, it will identify research gaps and highlight areas for future exploration, supporting researchers in advancing knowledge in this field.

CLINICALTRIAL

PROSPERO CRD42023396234; https://tinyurl.com/mwjrfbxv

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/48235
Results and Methodological Implications of the Digital Epidemiology of Prescription Drug References Among Twitter Users: Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) Analyses (Preprint)
Authors: Parker Maria A , Valdez Danny , Rao Varun K , Eddens Katherine S , Agley Jon
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

Social media is an important information source for a growing subset of the population and can likely be leveraged to provide insight into the evolving drug overdose epidemic. Twitter can provide valuable insight into trends, colloquial information available to potential users, and how networks and interactivity might influence what people are exposed to and how they engage in communication around drug use.

OBJECTIVE

This exploratory study was designed to investigate the ways in which unsupervised machine learning analyses using natural language processing could identify coherent themes for tweets containing substance names.

METHODS

This study involved harnessing data from Twitter, including large-scale collection of brand name (N=262,607) and street name (N=204,068) prescription drug–related tweets and use of unsupervised machine learning analyses (ie, natural language processing) of collected data with data visualization to identify pertinent tweet themes. Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) with coherence score calculations was performed to compare brand (eg, OxyContin) and street (eg, oxys) name tweets.

RESULTS

We found people discussed drug use differently depending on whether a brand name or street name was used. Brand name categories often contained political talking points (eg, border, crime, and political handling of ongoing drug mitigation strategies). In contrast, categories containing street names occasionally referenced drug misuse, though multiple social uses for a term (eg, Sonata) muddled topic clarity.

CONCLUSIONS

Content in the brand name corpus reflected discussion about the drug itself and less often reflected personal use. However, content in the street name corpus was notably more diverse and resisted simple LDA categorization. We speculate this may reflect effective use of slang terminology to clandestinely discuss drug-related activity. If so, straightforward analyses of digital drug-related communication may be more difficult than previously assumed. This work has the potential to be used for surveillance and detection of harmful drug use information. It also might be used for appropriate education and dissemination of information to persons engaged in drug use content on Twitter.
The Effect of Smart Health Continuous Feedback For Elderly Exercise (SHe CoFFEE) Program on Mobility: A Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Yi Jungeun , Lee Seon Heui , Lee Sunhee
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

The elderly population is increasing rapidly, and physical function is an important factor for their independent lives. Many face-to-face exercises are being conducted to improve the old individuals' physical function, but those exercises are significantly costly and are subject to various constraints such as location and weather.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to determine the effects of an 8-week structured, comprehensive home-based exercise program called "Smart health continuous feedback for elderly exercise (SHe CoFFEE)" on mobility among older adults.

METHODS

Sixty older adults from the community were randomly divided into experimental and control groups at a 1:1 ratio. Before the program, participants received the necessary equipment. The "SHe CoFFEE" program comprised four main components: continuous feedback, self-assessment for self-motivation, real-time group fall prevention exercise, and individual exercises. Participants received ongoing support from the researchers to ensure their consistent participation in the exercise program. Participants were assessed during their visits using the Timed Up and Go test (TUG), 10-m walking test (10MWT), 30-second chair stand test (30 CST), the Korean version of the falls efficacy scale – International (KFES-I), the activities-specific balance confidence (ABC), and Korean version of Euro Qol 5 Dimension 5 Level (EQ-5D-5L).

RESULTS

The experimental group demonstrated significant improvements in mobility, as indicated by the TUG (P<.05) and 10MWT tests (P<.05). Moreover, positive impacts were observed in the 30CST, FES-I, and ABC assessments.

CONCLUSIONS

Non-face-to-face fall prevention exercise interventions based on ICT can be successful in older adults if participation is enhanced through continuous feedback, self-assessment for self-motivation, and real-time group exercises.

CLINICALTRIAL

KCT0007288
Medical Student Experiences and Perceptions of ChatGPT and Artificial Intelligence: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Alkhaaldi Saif M I , Kassab Carl H , Dimassi Zakia , Oyoun Alsoud Leen , Al Fahim Maha , Al Hageh Cynthia , Ibrahim Halah
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionize the way medicine is learned, taught, and practiced, and medical education must prepare learners for these inevitable changes. Academic medicine has, however, been slow to embrace recent AI advances. Since its launch in November 2022, ChatGPT has emerged as a fast and user-friendly large language model that can assist health care professionals, medical educators, students, trainees, and patients. While many studies focus on the technology’s capabilities, potential, and risks, there is a gap in studying the perspective of end users.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to gauge the experiences and perspectives of graduating medical students on ChatGPT and AI in their training and future careers.

METHODS

A cross-sectional web-based survey of recently graduated medical students was conducted in an international academic medical center between May 5, 2023, and June 13, 2023. Descriptive statistics were used to tabulate variable frequencies.

RESULTS

Of 325 applicants to the residency programs, 265 completed the survey (an 81.5% response rate). The vast majority of respondents denied using ChatGPT in medical school, with 20.4% (n=54) using it to help complete written assessments and only 9.4% using the technology in their clinical work (n=25). More students planned to use it during residency, primarily for exploring new medical topics and research (n=168, 63.4%) and exam preparation (n=151, 57%). Male students were significantly more likely to believe that AI will improve diagnostic accuracy (n=47, 51.7% vs n=69, 39.7%; P=.001), reduce medical error (n=53, 58.2% vs n=71, 40.8%; P=.002), and improve patient care (n=60, 65.9% vs n=95, 54.6%; P=.007). Previous experience with AI was significantly associated with positive AI perception in terms of improving patient care, decreasing medical errors and misdiagnoses, and increasing the accuracy of diagnoses (P=.001, P<.001, P=.008, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

The surveyed medical students had minimal formal and informal experience with AI tools and limited perceptions of the potential uses of AI in health care but had overall positive views of ChatGPT and AI and were optimistic about the future of AI in medical education and health care. Structured curricula and formal policies and guidelines are needed to adequately prepare medical learners for the forthcoming integration of AI in medicine.
Multimodal Detection of Mental Health Disorders through Passive Sensing: A Systematic Literature Review (Preprint)
Authors: Khoo Lin Sze , McNaney Roisin , Lim Mei Kuan , Chong Chun Yong
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

The pervasiveness of mental health (MH) disorders, and the shortcomings of current diagnoses, such as dependence on patients' subjective recalls and failure to recognize symptoms due to comorbidity, have motivated the exploration of machine learning (ML) in this domain. The algorithms' ability to model correlations between data and subsequently make deductions is promising to support clinical diagnosis. The interactions among data of different modalities also have great potential that is worth investigating.

OBJECTIVE

This study systematically reviews existing methodologies that apply ML to multimodal data collected passively from participants to assess features extracted from varying forms of data, fusion techniques adopted to combine them, the subsequent ML algorithms applied to learn from such features, and if any, the findings of the association between modality-specific features and MH disorders. The review focuses on studies adopting passive sensing approaches by hypothesizing that gathering data non-intrusively might be more acceptable and better capture people's natural behaviors.

METHODS

A systematic search was conducted on the Scopus, ACM Digital Library, PubMed, and IEEE Xplore databases to gather studies from January 2015 to May 2022. Studies were screened for eligibility if they gathered passive data involving 2 or more modalities, adopted non-intrusive data collection approaches, and applied ML approaches to explicitly predict the existence or severity of specific MH disorders.

RESULTS

A total of 9346 studies were obtained from the search results, and 100 were assessed and included in the current review. The primary data source categories were audio and video recordings (n=48), social media (n=30), and smartphone and wearable devices (n=26). The modalities involved were audio, visual, textual, smartphone sensor, wearable sensor, demographics, and personalities. We found that modality-specific features correlate differently with MH disorders in different contexts. The selection of modality fusion techniques from feature, score/decision, and model levels also relies on specific use cases. In addition, determining an effective data-driven ML model, among supervised learning, neural network, ensemble learning, multi-task learning, and others, are dependent on the nature and information contained within the data and how the algorithms learn the potential relationships between data.

CONCLUSIONS

All data sources exhibit great potential in detecting MH disorders, but their qualities in terms of reliability, practicality, and ethicality deserve deeper consideration. Such consideration is significant due to the enormous influence the data has on the value and contribution of research, and the subsequent social impacts that the research outcomes can bring to the MH community.
The role of artificial intelligence-based tools like ChatGPT in higher education – A blessing or a curse? (Preprint)
Authors: Vajravelu Bathri
Published: July 2023

UNSTRUCTURED

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been gaining increasing attention in the field of medical education as a means to enhance the learning experience and improve patient outcomes. ChatGPT is a language trained AI chatbot developed by OpenAI that uses deep learning algorithms to generate a wide variety of text forms including essays, poems, protocols, abstracts, etc. based on the user’s input. Research suggests that AI-powered systems can provide personalized learning, simulated medical scenarios, and support for struggling students, which can increase the effectiveness of the learning process and help students better retain the information they are taught. Additionally, AI can assist academic faculty, clinicians, patients and medical students in multiple ways saving time. However, there are also potential challenges that need to be addressed, such as reliability of the information, ownership of the unintended consequences, ethical responsibility and loss of skills such as critical thinking, medical knowledge and memory. Therefore, it is important for medical schools to carefully consider the potential challenges and ensure that the use of AI technology is done in an ethical and responsible manner.
Effectiveness of topic briefing followed by field visit in improvement of academic performance of medical students: a descriptive interventional study. (Preprint)
Authors: chavan snehal , Chandrachood Mandar Vilas
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

In Community Medicine, students are made aware of real life situations and practical aspects through field visits. Visits are conducted without topic briefing assuming students will get orientation of the topic on site. Although utility of field visits is known, its cumulative effect with prior briefing is unexplored.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate effectiveness of topic briefing followed by field visit in improvement of academic performance in the freshly inducted 1st batch of Indian medical graduates.

METHODS

In 48 freshly inducted MBBS students at our medical college. Two interventions were administered in sequence, Topic briefing session of 30 minutes followed by field visit to Anganwadi center lasting for an hour on the same day. We evaluated the academic performance through MCQ based Pre-test & Post-test and mean scores were compared.

RESULTS

Significant improvement was seen in mean total score out of 20 (theory-10 + practical-10) (from 9.14±2.46 at baseline to 14.46±2.01 post briefing to 16.21±1.57 after field visit) (RAMNOVA F-195.6, p<0.0001). Post-hoc Bonferronie’s test revealed significant improvement after both interventions. Mean theory score was significantly improved (from 4.14±1.70 at baseline to 7.81±1.36 post briefing to 8.31±0.77 post field visit) (RAMNOVA F-172.8, p<0.0001) However, post hoc analysis revealed significant improvement post briefing only & not post visit. Mean practical score was also significantly improved (from 5.00±1.81 at baseline to 6.64±1.49 post briefing to 7.91±1.18 after field visit) (RAMNOVA F-64.31, p<0.0001) & Post-hoc analysis also seconded this finding.

CONCLUSIONS

The pre briefed field visit helped to significantly improve academic performance in both theoretical & practical aspects. Sequential application of topic briefing and field visit led to reinforcement of knowledge and improvement in precision.

CLINICALTRIAL

NIl
Early Risk Stratification for Natural Disease Course in Fabry Patients Using Plasma Globotriaosylsphingosine Levels
Authors: van der Veen Sanne J. , Sayed Mohamed el , Hollak Carla E.M. , Brands Marion M. , Snelder C. Khya S. , Boekholdt S. Matthijs , Vogt Liffert , Goorden Susan M.I. , van Kuilenburg André B.P. , Langeveld Mirjam
Published: July 2023

Background

Fabry disease is a very heterogeneous X-linked lysosomal storage disease. Disease manifestations in the kidneys, heart, and brain vary greatly, even between patients of the same sex and with the same disease classification (classical or nonclassical). A biomarker with a strong association with the development of disease manifestations is needed to determine the need for Fabry-specific treatment and appropriate frequency of follow-up because clinical manifestations of the disorder may take decennia to develop.

Methods

We investigated the levels of plasma lysoGb3 levels over time and its association with disease manifestations and disease course in 237 untreated patients with Fabry disease (median age 42 years, 38% male) using linear mixed-effect models.

Results

LysoGb3 levels are stable over time in plasma of untreated patients with Fabry disease. Higher levels of lysoGb3 were associated with steeper decline in eGFR (P = 0.05) and a faster increase in albuminuria (measured as the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, P < 0.001), left ventricular mass (measured on echocardiography, P < 0.001), left atrial volume index (P = 0.003), and Fazekas score (P = 0.003). In addition, regardless of age, higher lysoGb3 levels were associated with higher relative wall thickness (P < 0.001) and unfavorable functional markers on echocardiography, including septal mitral annular early diastolic velocity (e′, P < 0.001) and the ratio of early transmitral velocity (E) to e′ (E/e′, P = 0.001).

Conclusions

In an individual patient with Fabry disease, the plasma lysoGb3 level reached a specific level in early childhood which, in the absence of Fabry-specific treatment, remained stable throughout life. The level of lysoGb3 in untreated patients was associated with nearly all Fabry-specific disease manifestations, regardless of the sex of the patient.
The Use of Audio-Video Instructional Materials to Improve the Performance of Learners in Social Studies
Authors: Chinel Jeffrey
Published: July 2023

Abstract: This study focused on enhancing the performance of learners in social studies using the audio-video instructional materials to the Grade VI learners of Nagpayong Elementary School, Pasig City. The participants were the two sections of Grade VI. One group was represented as the experimental group and the other as the control group. They were chosen according to their average grades and the same mental ability. The two sections that had almost the same number of cases of forty-five (45) learners were used as respondents. The experimental research design was adapted in which a 50-item validated researcherdesigned test was used as the instrument. Pre-test was administered to both groups the day before the start of the experimentation and post-test was given after the experimentation. The results revealed that learners in the experimental group who were taught using audio-video instructional materials gained higher scores in the post-test than the learners in the control group who were taught using the traditional method of teaching. Therefore, it is concluded that learners learned and performed better when exposed to the audio-video instructional materials as strategy in teaching. The study recommends the use of audiovideo instructional materials as strategy in teaching social studies and other subjects as well
Industry 4.0: A Comprehensive Review and Future Perspectives
Authors: Singh Shyamsunder S
Published: July 2023

Abstract: Industry 4.0, the fourth industrial revolution, represents the integration of digital technologies and physical systems to create a new paradigm in manufacturing and beyond. This research paper provides a detailed review of Industry 4.0, exploring its origins, key technologies, transformative impact on various sectors, and potential challenges and opportunities. The paper concludes with future perspectives on the continued evolution and adoption of Industry 4.0, emphasizing the need for collaboration, innovation, and effective strategies for successful implementation.
Epidemiological and clinical aspects of congenital heart disease in Fallujah Maternity and Children Hospital, Iraq
Authors: Alaani Samira Telfah Abdilghani , Alkubaisy Firas Sadiq , Merie Abdulqadir Abdulkareem
Published: July 2023

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the descriptive characteristics of children diagnosed with Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) at Fallujah Maternity and Children Hospital (FMCH).

Methods: The prospective study included 1,025 pediatric patients born between 1st December 2018 and 30th September 2022, admitted to the newborns and children's wards, and diagnosed with CHD. Data were collected through interviews with patients' guardians using a registration and questionnaire form, capturing variables related to the child (e.g., name, sex, birth weight, type of CHD) and the mother (e.g., age, occupation, consanguinity, previous CHD births, chronic diseases during pregnancy). Residence (rural or urban) was also recorded.

Results: Among the CHD cases, Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) was the most common (72%), followed by Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) (25%) and Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) (21%). Most diagnoses occurred in children aged 1-28 days. The male-to-female ratio was 1.2:1, and 0.2% had an ambiguous gender. About 58% of children weighed ≥ 2.5kg at birth, and 20% had a family history of CHDs.

Conclusion: The increasing prevalence of congenital heart diseases in Fallujah requires preventive strategies targeting modifiable risk factors, better monitoring of high-risk pregnancies, and increased awareness of genetic counseling for families with congenital anomalies. The cardiology department should receive more attention and resources to improve diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities. Further research is needed to understand the reasons behind the recent rise in CHD cases in newborns.
Wahuiru Pakup
Authors: Santos Marta Castro dos , Breder Debora
Published: July 2023

Este artigo apresenta resultados parciais de uma pesquisa etnográfica sobre os sentidos da escola para uma comunidade Sateré-Mawé (Maués/AM). A primeira parte do artigo aborda aspectos históricos das lutas travadas pelo grupo para persistir em seus modos tradicionais de existência, afirmando sua identidade étnica, e os percalços até o reconhecimento oficial da escola indígena Wahuiru Pakup (Novo Sol). Já a segunda parte analisa as relações sociais e simbólicas na escola, seus ritos, tempos e espaços específicos, visando compreender as práticas sociais e pedagógicas que nela ocorrem. Por fim, empreende-se uma reflexão sobre o papel da subjetividade durante a pesquisa etnográfica, que demandou uma intensa imersão no campo, com observação participante nas atividades cotidianas locais.
Eribulin and irinotecan (ERII) for refractory or recurrent Ewing sarcoma: a retrospective study
Authors: Xu Jie , Liu Kuisheng , Xie Lu , Sun Xin , Liang Xin , Tang Xiaodong
Published: July 2023

Background: The effectiveness of eribulin and irinotecan in
treatment of xenograft models of Ewing sarcoma is well-established but
no clinical data has been reported. Methods: The medical
records of patients treated for refractory or recurrent Ewing sarcoma
with 1.4mg/m D eribulin and
20mg/m /d D irinotecan at 21
day intervals (ERII) at Peking University People’s Hospital (PKUPH) were
retrospectively reviewed. Results: A total of 17 patients with
median age 18.6 years were treated with a total of 77 courses of ERII
between February 2022 and February 2023. The objective response rate was
35.3%, disease control rate 58.9% and the median event-free survival
(EFS) 2.07 months. 35.3% patients had 6 months EFS and overall survival
was 66.9%. Grade 3 or 4 toxicities were observed in 37.6% courses and
in 64.7% of the patients, with myelosuppression, especially
neutropenia, being the most common and diarrhea / abdominal pain the
second most common. Conclusions: The combination of eribulin
and irinotecan as a second-line regimen is well-tolerated and shows
promising efficacy. There is scope for further research into the
synergistic mechanism of the two agents and into potential biomarkers.
Sectoral distribution of FDI and employment: Evidence from post- transitional European countries
Authors: Josifidis Kosta , Supic Novica
Published: July 2023

This paper examines, from the perspective of Post-Keynesian economics, the effects of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on the employment rate in 18 post-transitional European countries from 1995 to 2021. Using a two-step system Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) panel data estimator, we test the hypothesis that the employment impact of investment depends on the interaction of FDI and domestic investment in terms of crowding-in and crowding-out relationships, assuming that this relationship is sensitive to the sectoral distribution of FDI stock. Our findings suggest that the reallocation of FDI inflows from the manufacturing sector to the less labour intensive financial and information and communication technology (ICT) sectors tends to reduce the employment effect of FDI both directly and indirectly by reducing the magnitude of the crowding- in effect of FDI on domestic investment. The outcome of our study is of great interest to economic policy makers. If foreign investment displaces domestic investment and reduces employment in high value-added sectors, policies intended to attract foreign capital could be challenged and undermined. Otherwise, if foreign and domestic investment in sectors with high added value are complementary, it justifies policies aimed at attracting foreign investment.
Scaffolding the learning during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic - secondary school students’ perspective
Authors: Josic Smiljana
Published: July 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic was a natural experiment that allowed for the
reexamination of various theories and social phenomena in a novel context.
This study aimed to determine whether under these novel circumstances,
greater support was provided in asymmetric or symmetric interactions. More
specifically, we focused on the main actors in the provision of remote
learning support to secondary school students and we examined students?
perceptions in different time periods during the first wave of the pandemic.
Another aim was to describe the content of the support provided to students
by various actors in education. This longitudinal exploratory research
followed 160 secondary school students over the course of 12 weeks during
which regular classes were not held at schools. Three research cycles
conducted during different remote learning periods revealed that students
perceived teachers and peers as the main actors in the provision of learning
support. Parental learning support was not negligible, especially during the
longest movement ban during the pandemic. Conversely, students seldom
recognized school counselors as educational actors providing learning
support. The content of the support provided by the abovementioned actors
related to the cognitive, motivational, emotional, and organizational
aspects of learning.
Predictors of environmental awareness among primary school students in Serbia
Authors: Stanisic Jelena , Maksic Slavica , Nenadic Filip
Published: July 2023

The main goal of environmental education is the development of environmental
awareness, which is the basis for pro-environmental behavior. In order to
determine the conditions which, favour the development of environmental
awareness, a survey was conducted of students in the fourth grade of primary
school, based on data from TIMSS 2019. The criterion variable was the score
on the Environmental Awareness Scale, while the predictor variables included
characteristics which vary at student, class, and school levels.
Hierarchical linear modeling indicated the importance of variables at the
individual level: home resources, literacy and numeracy readiness for
school, confidence in science, usefulness of science lessons, and parent?s
perceptions of their child?s school and expected student education level.
None of the considered class and school level variables were significant
predictors of environmental awareness. Between-school differences were fully
explained by the final, retained model, but some variance (approx. 8%)
between different classes remained unexplained by the considered predictor
variables. We offer suggestions on how to increase the school?s
contribution to the development of students? environmental awareness through
the application of effective pedagogy and school improvement. Further
research is needed into the contribution of the educational environment.
Teachers’ diversity awareness and critical consciousness - sine qua non of social justice in schools
Authors: Pikic-Jugovic Ivana , Matic-Bojic Jelena , Puzic Sasa , Odak Iva , Brajkovic Sanja , Dahlström Helene , Galic Gordana , de Matos , Gøtzsche Katinka , Kozina Ana , Mlekuz Ana , Paleczek Lisa , Rozman Mojca
Published: July 2023

The present paper focuses on teacher?s role in social justice and explores
how teachers perceive and react upon diversity and inequality in their
classrooms. Through a literature review, we aimed to answer three research
questions: 1) what are diversity awareness and critical consciousness in
education; 2) why are diversity awareness and critical consciousness
important; and 3) how can diversity awareness and critical consciousness be
supported in teachers. The literature review has revealed that most papers
on teachers? diversity awareness and critical consciousness have been
published within the last few years and that the importance of the two
concepts has been recognized for a wide range of educators. There seems to
be a growing interest in this topic due to the increase of the diversity in
classrooms and the recognition of the teachers? role in addressing diversity
and inequality. However, large-scale studies would be a needed contribution
to the field, as most of the existing studies are small-scale. Based on this
review, we argue that both diversity awareness and critical consciousness
need to be supported through preservice and in-service teacher professional
development programs, if we are to make education systems more inclusive for
all.