bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autonomy is not a sufficient basis for analysing the choice for medical assistance in dying in unjust conditions: in favour of a dignity-based approach
Authors: DiDanieli Maria
Published: July 2023

In their paper titledChoosing death in unjust conditions: hope, autonomy and harm reduction,Wiebe and Mullin argue against the stance of diminished autonomy in chronically ill, disabled patients living in unjust sociopolitical environments who pursue medical assistance in dying (MAiD). They suggest that it would be paternalistic to deny these people this choice and conclude that MAiD should actually be seen as a form of harm reduction for them.

This response to their article argues that basing discussions surrounding this important topic on a single bioethical concept does not address the needs of this cohort and is restrictively siloed. The discussion should include considerations of human rights and the need for legislative reforms to address social conditions, in addition to traditional bioethical principles. Work in this area needs to become interdisciplinary and collaborative as well as integrate input from the patients themselves. The concept of the dignity of these patients, in its broadest sense, needs to be infused into the discussion in order to optimise the exploration for solutions for this cohort.

The stance of MAiD as harm reduction, in this context, does not meet the definition of harm reduction, nor does it represent a commitment to the best interests of these patients.
Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring and spinal cord stimulator implantation
Authors: Goel Vasudha , Kaizer Alexander M , Jain Sejal , Darrow David , Shankar Hariharan
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most dreaded complications after spinal cord stimulation (SCS) implantation surgery. As a result, intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) has been proposed to avoid accidental damage to nervous structures under anesthesia and confirm positioning for optimal stimulation. Our study uses a large administrative claims database to determine the 30-day risk of SCI after SCS implantation.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study used the IBM MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Supplemental Databases from 2016 to 2019. Adult patients undergoing SCS surgical procedures with at least 90 days of follow-up, IONM use, the type of sedation used during the procedure, and subsequent SCI were identified using administrative codes. In addition, logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between various risk factors and subsequent SCI.

Results

A total of 9676 patients underwent SCS surgery (64.7% percutaneous implants) during the study period. Nine hundred and forty-four (9.75%) patients underwent SCS implantation with IONM. Conscious sedation, Monitored Anesthesia Care anesthesia, and general anesthesia were used in patients with 0.9%, 60.2%, and 28.6%, respectively. Eighty-one (0.8%) patients developed SCI within 30 days after SCS implant surgery. The SCI rate was higher in the group that underwent IONM (2% vs 0.7%, p value <0.001) during the implantation procedure, reflecting the underlying risk. After adjustment for other factors, the OR of SCI is 2.39 (95% CI: 1.33 to 4.14, p value=0.002) times higher for those with IONM than those without IONM.

Conclusions

Increased SCI risk among patients with IONM likely reflects higher baseline risk, and further research is needed for risk mitigation.
Cooled radiofrequency ablation versus standard medical management for chronic sacroiliac joint pain: a multicenter, randomized comparative effectiveness study
Authors: Cohen Steven P , Kapural Leonardo , Kohan Lynn , Li Sean , Hurley Robert W , Vallejo Richard , Eshraghi Yashar , Dinakar Pradeep , Durbhakula Shravani , Beall Douglas P , Desai Mehul J , Reece David , Christiansen Sandy , Chang Min Ho , Carinci Adam J , DePalma Michael
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Low back pain is the leading cause of disability worldwide, with sacroiliac joint pain comprising up to 30% of cases of axial lower back pain. Conservative therapies provide only modest relief. Although placebo-controlled trials show efficacy for sacral lateral branch cooled radiofrequency ablation, there are no comparative effectiveness studies.

Methods

In this randomized, multicenter comparative effectiveness study, 210 patients with clinically suspected sacroiliac joint pain who obtained short-term benefit from diagnostic sacroiliac joint injections and prognostic lateral branch blocks were randomly assigned to receive cooled radiofrequency ablation of the L5 dorsal ramus and S1–S3 lateral branches or standard medical management consisting of pharmacotherapy, injections and integrative therapies. The primary outcome measure was mean reduction in low back pain score on a 0–10 Numeric Rating Scale at 3 months. Secondary outcomes included measures of quality of life and function.

Results

3 months post-treatment, the mean Numeric Rating Scale pain score for the cooled radiofrequency ablation group was 3.8±2.4 (mean reduction 2.5±2.5) compared with 5.9±1.7 (mean reduction 0.4±1.7) in the standard medical management group (p<0.0001). 52.3% of subjects in the cooled radiofrequency ablation group experienced>2 points or 30% pain relief and were deemed responders versus 4.3% of standard medical management patients (p<0.0001). Comparable improvements favoring cooled radiofrequency ablation were noted in Oswestry Disability Index score (mean 29.7±15.2 vs 41.5+13.6; p<0.0001) and quality of life (mean EuroQoL-5 score 0.68±0.22 vs 0.47±0.29; p<0.0001).

Conclusions

In patients with sacroiliac joint pain, cooled radiofrequency ablation provided statistically superior improvements across the spectrum of patient outcomes compared with standard medical management.

Trial registration number

NCT03601949.
Ice accumulation at a water intake: a case study on the Mille-Iles River, Québec
Authors: Ghobrial Tadros , Pierre Amandine , Boyd Sean , Loewen Mark
Published: July 2023

The blockage of water intakes by ice is recurrent in northern rivers during winter. Previous field studies have monitored field conditions leading to ice blockage and provided a review of mitigations methods. However, to improve the efficacy of these measures, the mechanisms that create the blockage need to be locally measured. For this purpose, a field campaign was implemented to monitor a water intake on the Mille-Iles River at Terrebonne, Quebec, during the winter of 2020–2021. Results from this study showed that ice accumulation on the trash rack had an average growth rate of 1.35 cm/h and reached a maximum thickness of 24 cm. The release rate of these trash rack accumulation events was on average 1.8 cm/h, which is 30% faster than the deposition rate. A minimum cumulative degree minutes of supercooling of 4.5 °C.min was required for the start of a trash-rack ice-accumulation event.
Higher-order curvature operators in causal set quantum gravity
Authors: de Brito Gustavo P. , Eichhorn Astrid , Pfeiffer Christopher
Published: July 2023

We construct higher-order curvature invariants in causal set quantum gravity. The motivation for this work is twofold: First, to characterize causal sets, discrete operators that encode geometric information on the emergent spacetime manifold, e.g., its curvature invariants, are indispensable. Second, to make contact with the asymptotic-safety approach to quantum gravity in Lorentzian signature and find a second-order phase transition in the phase diagram for causal sets, going beyond the discrete analog of the Einstein–Hilbert action may be critical. Therefore, we generalize the discrete d’Alembertian, which encodes the Ricci scalar, to higher orders. We prove that curvature invariants of the form $$R^{2} -2 \Box R$$

R
2

-
2
□
R

(and similar invariants at higher powers of derivatives) arise in the continuum limit.
Radiological risk assessment method for the interim storage of radioactive materials
Authors: Kaissas Ioannis , Hourdakis Costas J. , Mitrakos Dimitris
Published: July 2023

Safe storage of radioactive materials is based on three universal radiation protection principles. Justification, optimization and dose limits are applicable to the risk assessment, acknowledging the hazards in each procedure of delivery, usage, storage and disposal of radioactive materials. Failure Modes and Effects Analysis method (FMEA) is developed for the risk evaluation of common practices. In this work FMEA is exploited for the radiological risk assessment in practices using radioactive materials. In addition, the radiological hazard of fire is studied, in order to classify its severity for different examples of radioactive materials inventories. The severity of the hazard, the likelihood and the detectability of its occurrence are exploited for classifying the associated risk. Appropriate measures that should be taken for the emergency preparedness and response are taken into account in order to reduce the Risk Priority Number (RPN). Scenarios of external exposure, skin contamination and inhalation are investigated, in order to calculate the received doses, for workers and members of the public. The outcomes of the analysis indicate low or medium severity of the risks for most of the examined practices, especially under the implementation of the appropriate measures, like: controlled access of the facilities, records keeping for delivery, usage, storage and disposal of radioactive materials; presence of fire detectors and extinguishers; and removal of flammable materials from the vicinity of the radioactive materials.
In situ
Pb–Pb garnet geochronology as a tool for investigating polymetamorphism: a case for Paleoarchean lateral tectonic thickening
Authors: Cutts K. A. , Lana C. , Stevens G. , Buick I. S.
Published: July 2023

The Barberton Granite–Greenstone Belt remains a key location in the debate concerning the nature of Archean tectonic processes. Much work has focused on deciphering the tectonic significance of the
c.
3.23 Ga metamorphism, as this has been correlated with lower geothermal gradient conditions potentially indicating Archean subduction. However, several studies also found evidence of an earlier, 3.45 Ga metamorphic episode, overprinted by the 3.23 Ga event. Here we apply
in situ
Pb–Pb dating and
P–T
modelling to a large (3 cm diameter) garnet crystal, allowing for the direct dating of the metamorphic conditions obtained from the garnet. The garnet core produced an isochron age of 3435 ± 45 Ma, corresponding to an increase in
P
and
T
evolution reaching peak conditions of at least 7 kbar and 700°C. Analyses obtained from the garnet rim give an isochron age of 3245 ± 41 Ma, corresponding to
P–T
conditions reaching 8–9 kbar and 700°C. The preservation of two moderate- to high-pressure events occurring 200 million years apart is consistent with lateral tectonic processes producing crustal thickening at 3.2 Ga and may also be a viable process for the earlier event.
Hercules: Enabling Atomic Durability for Persistent Memory with Transient Persistence Domain
Authors: Ye Chongnan , Chen Meng , Jiang Qisheng , Wang Chundong
Published: July 2023

Persistent memory (pmem) products bring the persistence domain up to the memory level. Intel recently introduced the eADR feature that guarantees to flush data buffered in CPU cache to pmem on a power outage, thereby making the CPU cache a
transient persistence domain
. Researchers have explored how to enable the
atomic durability
for applications’ in-pmem data. In this article, we exploit the eADR-supported CPU cache to do so. A modified cache line, until written back to pmem, is a natural redo log copy of the in-pmem data. However, a write-back due to cache replacement or eADR on a crash overwrites the original copy. We accordingly developed Hercules, a hardware logging design for the transaction-level atomic durability, with supportive components installed in CPU cache, memory controller (MC), and pmem. When a transaction commits, Hercules
commits on-chip
its data staying in cache lines. For cache lines evicted before the commit, Hercules asks the MC to redirect and persist them into in-pmem log entries and
commits
them
off-chip
upon committing the transaction. Hercules lazily conducts pmem writes only for cache replacements at runtime. On a crash, Hercules saves metadata and data for active transactions into pmem for recovery. Experiments show that, by using CPU cache for both buffering and logging, Hercules yields much higher throughput and incurs significantly fewer pmem writes than state-of-the-art designs.
Effects of H2O2 Accumulation on the Synthesis Performances of the Sulfite Fuel Cell
Authors: Wei Jucai , Zou Xiaoyu , Xing Siqi , Wu Xu
Published: July 2023

The cathodic destruction reaction severely restricts the ceiling concentration of H2O2 electrosynthesis. The effects of cathodic destruction reaction and H2O2 accumulation on the H2O2 electrosynthesis performances are investigated particularly. The H2O2 electro-reduction reaction mechanism on the Au0.5Pd0.5/C is determined. It indicates that the oxygen reduction reaction will be replaced by the H2O2 electro-reduction reaction after H2O2 accumulates to the ceiling concentration. Two simple methods are tried to enhance the H2O2 electrosynthesis performances. When pure oxygen was supplied, the maximum discharge current density was 47.95 mA cm−2 at 0 V. The maximum power density was 2.57 mW cm−2 at 21.54 mA cm−2. It can self-driven produce 6.75 mmol l−1 H2O2 in H2SO4 medium within 360 min, with a current efficiency of 51.34% and productivity of 0.28 mmol cm−2 h−1. With the external power source, the energy consumption for 1.02 g l−1 H2O2 solution was only 0.87 kWh kg−1, with a remarkable productivity of 0.94 mmol cm−2 h−1.
Highly Stable Hybrid Electrolyte Lithium-Air Batteries Based on Weakly Acidic Lithium Bromide Catholyte
Authors: Yu Zibo , Hao Milong , Liu Qianhe , Zhang Tianyu , Zheng Bowen , Li Jie , Sun Hong
Published: July 2023

Hybrid lithium-air battery (HLAB) have garnered significant attention from researchers due to their relatively low overpotential, stable cyclability, and reversibility. In this paper, we investigate an HLAB system that uses a catholyte of lithium bromide solution in a weak acid state to enhance the stability of Li1−xAlxGe2−x(PO4)3 (LAGP) and improve its cycle life. The electrochemical performance of the optimized LiBr electrolyte exhibited stability after 443 cycles (1772 h) in ambient air (RH = 15%). Additionally, an improvement of >20% in coulombic efficiency was observed at a discharge specific capacity of 10736 mAh·g−1 compared to HLABs using LiOH electrolyte. This study provides insights into the protection of LAGP membranes in HLAB and the inhibition of reaction product precipitation.
Application of BP Neural Network Improved by Fireworks Algorithm on Suspender Damage Prediction of Long-Span Half-Through Arch Bridge
Authors: Guo Jian , Guo Wu
Published: July 2023

In recent decades, with the large-scale construction and rapid development of half-through arch bridges, as well as the increase of bridge service time, the suspender damage of arch bridge has become increasingly prominent. Therefore, real-time monitoring and regular detection of the health of arch bridge suspenders and timely detection and accurate judgment of the damage location and extent of suspenders are of great engineering significance for evaluating the reliability and residual life of arch bridge structures. By analyzing the main difficulties and existing problems of suspender damage identification, this paper takes the change rate of modal curvature as the damage index, introduces fireworks algorithm into the neural network model, optimizes the optimization process of neural network weight and threshold, and proposes a prediction model based on improved BP neural network by fireworks algorithm. According to the measured data of the damage degree of a long-span arch bridge in daily monitoring and on-site inspection, the proposed prediction method is applied to verify the effectiveness and accuracy in engineering health detection. On this basis, the improved BP neural network by fireworks algorithm is used to predict the suspender damage of a certain long-span half-through arch bridge, which provides an important basis for the actual bridge safety assessment.
Genomic Breakpoint Characterization and Transcriptome Analysis of Metastatic, Recurrent Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor
Authors: Magrath Justin W. , Flinchum Dane A. , Hartono Alifiani B. , Goldberg Ilon N. , Espinosa-Cotton Madelyn , Moroz Krzysztof , Cheung Nai-Kong V. , Lee Sean B.
Published: July 2023

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare pediatric cancer caused by the EWSR1-WT1 fusion oncogene. Despite initial response to chemotherapy, DSRCT has a recurrence rate of over 80% leading to poor patient prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of only 15–25%. Owing to the rarity of DSRCT, sample scarcity is a barrier in understanding DSRCT biology and developing effective therapies. Utilizing a novel pair of primary and recurrent DSRCTs, we present the first map of DSRCT genomic breakpoints and the first comparison of gene expression alterations between primary and recurrent DSRCT. Our genomic breakpoint map includes the lone previously published DSRCT genomic breakpoint, the breakpoint from our novel primary/recurrent DSRCT pair, as well as the breakpoints of five available DSRCT cell lines and five additional DSRCTs. All mapped breakpoints were unique and most breakpoints included a 1–3 base pair microhomology suggesting microhomology-mediated end-joining as the mechanism of translocation fusion and providing novel insights into the etiology of DSRCT. Through RNA-sequencing analysis, we identified altered genes and pathways between primary and recurrent DSRCTs. Upregulated pathways in the recurrent tumor included several DNA repair and mRNA splicing-related pathways, while downregulated pathways included immune system function and focal adhesion. We further found higher expression of the EWSR1-WT1 upregulated gene set in the recurrent tumor as compared to the primary tumor and lower expression of the EWSR1-WT1 downregulated gene set, suggesting the EWSR1-WT1 fusion continues to play a prominent role in recurrent tumors. The identified pathways including upregulation of DNA repair and downregulation of immune system function may help explain DSRCT’s high rate of recurrence and can be utilized to improve the understanding of DSRCT biology and identify novel therapies to both help prevent recurrence and treat recurrent tumors.
Adaptation and Validation of the Readiness for Practice Instrument for Senior Undergraduate Nursing Students in China
Authors: Dai Zhenwei , Wang Jia , Ma Weiguang
Published: July 2023

Background. The high turnover rate of new nurses is significantly impacted by the transition issue. Practice readiness has been identified as a key factor in ensuring a smooth transition, but there is currently a lack of specific instruments available in China to measure it. Aims. To translate and adapt the Casey-Fink Readiness for Practice Survey and validate its psychometric properties in senior nursing students in the Chinese cultural context. Methods. The descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. The English version of the Casey-Fink Readiness for Practice Survey was translated into Chinese according to Brislin’s translation guidelines. A total of 590 senior nursing students from three nursing schools in China were surveyed with the Chinese version of the Readiness for Practice Instrument. Data analyses were performed to assess the reliability and validity of the instrument. The STROBE guidelines were used as the reporting method. Results. The validated Chinese version of the Casey-Fink Readiness for Practice Survey contained 18 items in the same four dimensions as the original English version. The internal consistency was satisfactory, with Cronbach’s α and composite reliability values for all four dimensions above 0.70. The final confirmatory factor analysis model also demonstrated good fit indices, with the average variance extracted values for all dimensions above 0.50. Conclusion. The validated Chinese version of the Casey-Fink Readiness for Practice Survey is a reliable and effective instrument for measuring the readiness for practice among senior nursing students in China. Implications for Nursing Management. This study presents a valuable contribution to adapting an effective and reliable tool to assess readiness for practice among Chinese senior undergraduate nursing students. This will enable the development of specific strategies based on cultural context to optimize the readiness for practice for senior nursing students and smooth the transition of new nurses in China.
Characteristics of Cancer Epidemiology Studies That Employ Metabolomics: A Scoping Review
Authors: Yu Catherine T. , Farhat Zeinab , Livinski Alicia A. , Loftfield Erikka , Zanetti Krista A.
Published: July 2023

An increasing number of cancer epidemiology studies use metabolomics assays. This scoping review characterizes trends in the literature in terms of study design, population characteristics, and metabolomics approaches and identifies opportunities for future growth and improvement. We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science: Core Collection databases and included research articles that used metabolomics to primarily study cancer, contained a minimum of 100 cases in each main analysis stratum, used an epidemiologic study design, and were published in English from 1998 to June 2021. A total of 2,048 articles were screened, of which 314 full texts were further assessed resulting in 77 included articles. The most well-studied cancers were colorectal (19.5%), prostate (19.5%), and breast (19.5%). Most studies used a nested case–control design to estimate associations between individual metabolites and cancer risk and a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry untargeted or semi-targeted approach to measure metabolites in blood. Studies were geographically diverse, including countries in Asia, Europe, and North America; 27.3% of studies reported on participant race, the majority reporting White participants. Most studies (70.2%) included fewer than 300 cancer cases in their main analysis. This scoping review identified key areas for improvement, including needs for standardized race and ethnicity reporting, more diverse study populations, and larger studies.
Supplementary Data 1 from Bavituximab Decreases Immunosuppressive Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Patients
Authors: Ly K. Ina , Richardson Leland G. , Liu Mofei , Muzikansky Alona , Cardona Jonathan , Lou Kevin , Beers Andrew L. , Chang Ken , Brown James M. , Ma Xiaoyue , Reardon David A. , Arrillaga-Romany Isabel C. , Forst Deborah A. , Jordan Justin T. , Lee Eudocia Q. , Dietrich Jorg , Nayak Lakshmi , Wen Patrick Y. , Chukwueke Ugonma , Giobbie-Hurder Anita , Choi Bryan D. , Batchelor Tracy T. , Kalpathy-Cramer Jayashree , Curry William T. , Gerstner Elizabeth R.
Published: July 2023

Supplemental Data
Data from Bavituximab decreases immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells in newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients
Authors: Ly K. Ina , Richardson Leland G. , Liu Mofei , Muzikansky Alona , Cardona Jonathan , Lou Kevin , Beers Andrew L. , Chang Ken , Brown James M. , Ma Xiaoyue , Reardon David A. , Arrillaga-Romany Isabel C. , Forst Deborah A. , Jordan Justin T. , Lee Eudocia Q. , Dietrich Jorg , Nayak Lakshmi , Wen Patrick Y. , Chukwueke Ugonma , Giobbie-Hurder Anita , Choi Bryan D. , Batchelor Tracy T. , Kalpathy-Cramer Jayashree , Curry William T. , Gerstner Elizabeth R.
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose: We evaluated the efficacy of bavituximab – a monoclonal antibody with anti-angiogenic and immunomodulatory properties – in newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) patients who also received radiation and temozolomide. Perfusion MRI and myeloid-related gene transcription and inflammatory infiltrates in pre-and post-treatment tumor specimens were studied to evaluate on-target effects (NCT03139916). Patients and Methods: Thirty-three adults with isocitrate-dehydrogenase-wild-type GBM received 6 weeks of concurrent chemoradiation, followed by 6 cycles of temozolomide (C1-C6). Bavituximab was given weekly, starting week 1 of chemoradiation, for at least 18 weeks. The primary endpoint was proportion of patients alive at 12 months (OS-12). The null hypothesis would be rejected if OS-12 was ≥72%. Relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and vascular permeability (Ktrans) were calculated from perfusion MRIs. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and tumor tissue were analyzed pre-treatment and at disease progression using RNA transcriptomics and multispectral immunofluorescence for myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and macrophages. Results: The study met its primary endpoint with an OS-12 of 73% (95% CI 59-90%). Decreased pre-C1 rCBF (HR 4.63, p=0.029) and increased pre-C1 Ktrans were associated with improved OS (HR 0.09, p=0.005). Pre-treatment, overexpression of myeloid-related genes in tumor tissue was associated with longer survival. Post-treatment, tumor specimens contained fewer immunosuppressive MDSCs (p=0.01). Discussion: Bavituximab has activity in newly diagnosed GBM and resulted in on-target depletion of intratumoral immunosuppressive MDSCs. Elevated pre-treatment expression of myeloid-related transcripts in GBM may predict response to bavituximab.
Table S4 from Proteogenomic approaches for the identification of NF1/neurofibromin-depleted estrogen receptor positive breast cancers for targeted treatment
Authors: Kim Beom-Jun , Zheng Ze-Yi , Lei Jonathan T. , Holt Matthew V. , Chen Anran , Peng Jianheng , Fandino Diana , Singh Purba , Kennedy Hilda , Dou Yongchao , Chica-Parrado María del Rosario , Bikorimana Emmanuel , Ye Dan , Wang Yunguan , Hanker Ariella B. , Mohamed Nada , Hilsenbeck Susan G. , Lim Bora , Asirvatham Jaya Ruth , Sreekumar Arun , Zhang Bing , Miles George , Anurag Meenakshi , Ellis Matthew J. , Chang Eric C
Published: July 2023

Table S4. NF1 protein levels as measured by KIPA-SureQuant in the PDX models.
Figure S4 from Proteogenomic approaches for the identification of NF1/neurofibromin-depleted estrogen receptor positive breast cancers for targeted treatment
Authors: Kim Beom-Jun , Zheng Ze-Yi , Lei Jonathan T. , Holt Matthew V. , Chen Anran , Peng Jianheng , Fandino Diana , Singh Purba , Kennedy Hilda , Dou Yongchao , Chica-Parrado María del Rosario , Bikorimana Emmanuel , Ye Dan , Wang Yunguan , Hanker Ariella B. , Mohamed Nada , Hilsenbeck Susan G. , Lim Bora , Asirvatham Jaya Ruth , Sreekumar Arun , Zhang Bing , Miles George , Anurag Meenakshi , Ellis Matthew J. , Chang Eric C
Published: July 2023

Figure S4. Tumor contents in the biopsy are comparable between the treatment sensitive and resistant groups.
Figure S1 from Proteogenomic approaches for the identification of NF1/neurofibromin-depleted estrogen receptor positive breast cancers for targeted treatment
Authors: Kim Beom-Jun , Zheng Ze-Yi , Lei Jonathan T. , Holt Matthew V. , Chen Anran , Peng Jianheng , Fandino Diana , Singh Purba , Kennedy Hilda , Dou Yongchao , Chica-Parrado María del Rosario , Bikorimana Emmanuel , Ye Dan , Wang Yunguan , Hanker Ariella B. , Mohamed Nada , Hilsenbeck Susan G. , Lim Bora , Asirvatham Jaya Ruth , Sreekumar Arun , Zhang Bing , Miles George , Anurag Meenakshi , Ellis Matthew J. , Chang Eric C
Published: July 2023

Figure S1. NF1 gene structure and expression analyses.
Supplementary Figure 7 from Immuno-PET Imaging of CD69 Visualizes T-Cell Activation and Predicts Survival Following Immunotherapy in Murine Glioblastoma
Authors: Nisnboym Michal , Vincze Sarah R. , Xiong Zujian , Sneiderman Chaim T. , Raphael Rebecca A. , Li Bo , Jaswal Ambika P. , Sever ReidAnn E. , Day Kathryn E. , LaToche Joseph D. , Foley Lesley M. , Karimi Hanieh , Hitchens T. Kevin , Agnihotri Sameer , Hu Baoli , Rajasundaram Dhivyaa , Anderson Carolyn J. , Blumenthal Deborah T. , Pearce Thomas M. , Uttam Shikhar , Nedrow Jessie R. , Panigrahy Ashok , Pollack Ian F. , Lieberman Frank S. , Drappatz Jan , Raphael Itay , Edwards Wilson B. , Kohanbash Gary
Published: July 2023

Validation of CD69 expression on immune cells by flow cytometry.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Immuno-PET Imaging of CD69 Visualizes T-Cell Activation and Predicts Survival Following Immunotherapy in Murine Glioblastoma
Authors: Nisnboym Michal , Vincze Sarah R. , Xiong Zujian , Sneiderman Chaim T. , Raphael Rebecca A. , Li Bo , Jaswal Ambika P. , Sever ReidAnn E. , Day Kathryn E. , LaToche Joseph D. , Foley Lesley M. , Karimi Hanieh , Hitchens T. Kevin , Agnihotri Sameer , Hu Baoli , Rajasundaram Dhivyaa , Anderson Carolyn J. , Blumenthal Deborah T. , Pearce Thomas M. , Uttam Shikhar , Nedrow Jessie R. , Panigrahy Ashok , Pollack Ian F. , Lieberman Frank S. , Drappatz Jan , Raphael Itay , Edwards Wilson B. , Kohanbash Gary
Published: July 2023

Production, quality control, and immunoreactivity of 89Zr-DFO-CD69 Ab.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Immuno-PET Imaging of CD69 Visualizes T-Cell Activation and Predicts Survival Following Immunotherapy in Murine Glioblastoma
Authors: Nisnboym Michal , Vincze Sarah R. , Xiong Zujian , Sneiderman Chaim T. , Raphael Rebecca A. , Li Bo , Jaswal Ambika P. , Sever ReidAnn E. , Day Kathryn E. , LaToche Joseph D. , Foley Lesley M. , Karimi Hanieh , Hitchens T. Kevin , Agnihotri Sameer , Hu Baoli , Rajasundaram Dhivyaa , Anderson Carolyn J. , Blumenthal Deborah T. , Pearce Thomas M. , Uttam Shikhar , Nedrow Jessie R. , Panigrahy Ashok , Pollack Ian F. , Lieberman Frank S. , Drappatz Jan , Raphael Itay , Edwards Wilson B. , Kohanbash Gary
Published: July 2023

CD69 validation by tissue staining.
FIGURE 2 from Immuno-PET Imaging of CD69 Visualizes T-Cell Activation and Predicts Survival Following Immunotherapy in Murine Glioblastoma
Authors: Nisnboym Michal , Vincze Sarah R. , Xiong Zujian , Sneiderman Chaim T. , Raphael Rebecca A. , Li Bo , Jaswal Ambika P. , Sever ReidAnn E. , Day Kathryn E. , LaToche Joseph D. , Foley Lesley M. , Karimi Hanieh , Hitchens T. Kevin , Agnihotri Sameer , Hu Baoli , Rajasundaram Dhivyaa , Anderson Carolyn J. , Blumenthal Deborah T. , Pearce Thomas M. , Uttam Shikhar , Nedrow Jessie R. , Panigrahy Ashok , Pollack Ian F. , Lieberman Frank S. , Drappatz Jan , Raphael Itay , Edwards Wilson B. , Kohanbash Gary
Published: July 2023

Kinetics of activation markers on T cells following ICI treatment. Mice with intracranial GL261 gliomas were treated with ICI, and analyzed at the designated time points after treatment, as in Fig. 1. A, Percentages of CD69+ of CD8+ (left) and CD4+ TILs (right). B, Percentages of CD69+ of CD8+ (left) and CD4+ T cells (right) in spleen. C, Trajectories of CD69+/CD8+ in TILs (green line) and spleen (purple line) ratios at the designated time point compared with the pretreatment group. D, Percentages of PD-1+ of CD8+ (left) and CD4+ TILs (right). E, Percentages of PD-1+ of CD8+ (left) and CD4+ T cells (right) in spleen. F, Trajectories of PD-1+/CD8+ in TILs (blue line) and spleen (red line) ratios at the designated time point compared with the pretreatment group. G, Percentages of TIM3+ of CD69+/CD8+TILs. For A, B, D, E, and G, mean ± SEM values are shown. Scattered dots represent individual mice. Shown are representative data of two independent experiments. n = 4 per group. One-way ANOVA with multiple comparison test (*, P < 0.05; **, P <0.01; ***, P <0.001). C and F, Two-way ANOVA with multiple comparison test is used to compare the ratios between TILs and spleen T cells at each time point (*, P < 0.05; **, P <0.01; ***, P <0.001).
Upregulated LncRNA H19 Sponges MiR-106a-5p and Contributes to Aldosterone-Induced Vascular Calcification via Activating the Runx2-Dependent Pathway
Authors: Li Xiong-Zhi , Xiong Zhuo-Chao , Zhang Shao-Ling , Hao Qing-Yun , Liu Zhao-Yu , Zhang Hai-Feng , Wang Jing-Feng , Gao Jing-Wei , Liu Pin-Ming
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:

Excess aldosterone is implicated in vascular calcification (VC), but the mechanism by which aldosterone-MR (mineralocorticoid receptor) complex promotes VC is unclear. Emerging evidence indicates that long-noncoding RNA H19 (H19) plays a critical role in VC. We examined whether aldosterone-induced osteogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) through H19 epigenetic modification of Runx2 (runt-related transcription factor-2) in a MR-dependent manner.

METHODS:

We induced in vivo rat model of chronic kidney disease using a high adenine and phosphate diet to explore the relationship among aldosterone, MR, H19, and VC. We also cultured human aortic VSMCs to explore the roles of H19 in aldosterone-MR complex–induced osteogenic differentiation and calcification of VSMCs.

RESULTS:

H19 and Runx2 were significantly increased in aldosterone-induced VSMC osteogenic differentiation and VC, both in vitro and in vivo, which were significantly blocked by the MR antagonist spironolactone. Mechanistically, our findings reveal that the aldosterone-activated MR bound to H19 promoter and increased its transcriptional activity, as determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and luciferase reporter assay. Silencing H19 increased microRNA-106a-5p (miR-106a-5p) expression, which subsequently inhibited aldosterone-induced Runx2 expression at the posttranscriptional level. Importantly, we observed a direct interaction between H19 and miR-106a-5p, and downregulation of miR-106a-5p efficiently reversed the suppression of Runx2 induced by H19 silencing.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our study clarifies a novel mechanism by which upregulation of H19 contributes to aldosterone-MR complex-promoted Runx2-dependent VSMC osteogenic differentiation and VC through sponging miR-106a-5p. These findings highlight a potential therapeutic target for aldosterone-induced VC.
2. Having Too Much
Authors: Robeyns Ingrid
Published: July 2023

This chapter is a reprint of what has become the germinal article on limitarianism. After laying out the distinction between intrinsic and instrumental limitarianism, the first part develops two arguments for limitarianism – the democratic argument, and the unmet basic needs argument. The second part develops a theoretical account of ‘the power of material resources’, which is the metric on which we should put the riches line. Next, the distinction between limitarianism as a moral and a political doctrine is discussed. The chapter closes by responding to two objections to limitarianism.
5. Limitarianism: Pattern, Principle, or Presumption?
Authors: Timmer Dick
Published: July 2023

In this article, I assess the prospects for the limitarian thesis that someone has too much wealth if they exceed a specific wealth threshold. Limitarianism claims that there are good political and/or ethical reasons to prevent people from having such ‘surplus wealth’, for example, because it has no moral value for the holder or because allowing people to have surplus wealth has less moral value than redistributing it. Drawing on recent literature on distributive justice, I defend two types of limitarian principles of justice. First, limitarian midlevel principles draw on the limitarian thesis to specify normative commitments for guiding institutional design and individual actions. Second, the limitarian presumption draws on that thesis to specify what a just allocation of wealth requires under epistemic constraints. Such a presumption says that without substantive reasons to the contrary, we should regard a distribution as unjust if some people’s wealth exceeds the limitarian threshold. Furthermore, I will argue that we must reject a possible but implausible interpretation of limitarianism as an ideal distributive pattern. Yet both as a midlevel principle and as a presumption, limitarianism can play an important role in theorizing about justice in the real world.
1. Archiving Text
Authors: Baillot Anne
Published: July 2023

This chapter examines access to text from the point of view of archives, encompassing both archives as institutions with a dedicated building and archives as document collections. Starting from a historical approach to archiving techniques (preservation conditions, record-keeping, appraisal), it then moves to the specificities of digital archiving and explores similarities and divergences between analog and digital archives. It also proposes a more theoretical approach to archival material as a fleeting trace of things past, based among others on Derrida’s analysis. This chapter demonstrates how past texts are embedded in our present lives, both materially and symbolically. It ascertains the key role of archives as documents, as collections, as institutions in constructing discursivities throughout our history.
A Deep Learning Filter for the Intraseasonal Variability of the Tropics
Authors: Stan Cristiana , Mantripragada Rama Sesha Sridhar
Published: July 2023

This paper presents a novel application of convolutional neural network (CNN) models for filtering the intraseasonal variability of the tropical atmosphere. In this deep learning filter, two convolutional layers are applied sequentially in a supervised machine learning framework to extract the intraseasonal signal from the total daily anomalies. The CNN-based filter can be tailored for each field similarly to fast Fourier transform filtering methods. When applied to two different fields (zonal wind stress and outgoing longwave radiation), the index of agreement between the filtered signal obtained using the CNN-based filter and a conventional weight-based filter is between 95% and 99%. The advantage of the CNN-based filter over the conventional filters is its applicability to time series with the length comparable to the period of the signal being extracted.

Significance Statement

This study proposes a new method for discovering hidden connections in data representative of tropical atmosphere variability. The method makes use of an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm that combines a mathematical operation known as convolution with a mathematical model built to reflect the behavior of the human brain known as artificial neural network. Our results show that the filtered data produced by the AI-based method are consistent with the results obtained using conventional mathematical algorithms. The advantage of the AI-based method is that it can be applied to cases for which the conventional methods have limitations, such as forecast (hindcast) data or real-time monitoring of tropical variability in the 20–100-day range.
Observed Oceanic Surface Modes in the Northern South China Sea
Authors: Quan Qi , Liu Zhiqiang , Xue Huijie , Hu Jianyu , Wang Qiang , Zhang Han , Liu Xiaohui , Jin Guangzhen , Wang Ya Ping
Published: July 2023

Using observations and theoretical models, a substantial topographic modulation on the quasigeostrophic (QG) dynamics, which results in a primary surface mode distinct from the classic first baroclinic (BC1) mode with a flat bottom, is revealed in the northern South China Sea (NSCS). In contrast to open oceans, the surface-intensified modes decay downward more rapidly over the continental slope of the NSCS, with a mean e-folding scale of approximately 1/5 of water depth. The subinertial flow variability appears to be vertically incoherent, with planetary and topographic Rossby waves dominating in the upper and deep layers, respectively. With a larger deformation radius (Rd), the surface-mode Rossby waves propagate at a phase speed ∼1.5 times of that of the BC1 mode. Moreover, the modal structures can be substantially modified by seasonal NSCS circulation, which is significantly enhanced over continental slopes. Analysis of the triad interactions further implies that the short waves tend to transfer energy to larger scales via the inverse cascade and only those with wavelengths larger than Rd ≈ 70 km in the NSCS can persist because of a slower unstable growth rate but a higher fraction of upscale energy transfer. The present theory excludes the bottom-trapped mode, which is closely associated with topographic Rossby waves and is observed to be significant in the abyssal NSCS. Hence, a complete normal-mode basis for any QG state is required for a study that focuses on flow variability throughout the water column. Our findings provide an insight into the vertical partition of horizontal kinetic energy for QG motions, as well as the relevant oceanic variation in marginal seas.
Mechanism on the Short-Term Variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in the Subtropical and Tropical Regions
Authors: Han Lei
Published: July 2023

The continuous, moored observation revealed significant variability in the strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). The cause of such AMOC variability is an extensively studied subject. This study focuses on the short-term variability, which ranges up to seasonal and interannual time scales. A mechanism is proposed from the perspective of ocean water redistribution by layers. By offering explanations for four phenomena of AMOC variability in the subtropical and tropical oceans (seasonality, meridional coherence, layered-transport compensation as observed at 26.5°N, and the 2009/10 downturn that occurred at 26.5°N), this mechanism suggests that the short-term AMOC variabilities in the entire subtropical and tropical regions are governed by a basinwide adiabatic water redistribution process, or the so-called sloshing dynamics, rather than diapycnal processes.

Significance Statement

The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is a key component in the global climate system due to its immense power in redistributing heat meridionally, which contributes to the hospitable climate of the United Kingdom and western Europe. Therefore, any changes in AMOC can have significant impacts on both global and local climate variability. Here I propose a mechanism to explain the short-term (up to interannual) AMOC variability in the subtropical and tropical regions from the perspective of ocean water redistribution. This mechanism suggests that the short-term variability of AMOC strength is dominated by an adiabatic process, and thus, its large-amplitude variation is mostly a reversible process. In other words, AMOC may be more resilient to short-term variability than previously believed, and it could recover autonomously from the abrupt changes.
Legal changes to informed consent and application to clinical practice in surgery
Authors: Dalle Carbonare Marco , Gruber Elizabeth A
Published: July 2023

For consent to be fully informed, it must be tailored to each patient, who must be appraised of alternative treatments (including that of no treatment) and informed of the material risks which an individual would wish to know and consider significant. This also includes Covid-19 related risks. Whilst surgeons had at times to offer sub-optimal treatments due to pressures caused by the pandemic, patients should still be given the choice to delay their treatment. Consent obtained remotely via digital technology must comply with the same requirements as in a face-to-face setting.
San Francisco’s Citywide COVID-19 Response: Strategies to Reduce COVID-19 Severity and Health Disparities, March 2020 Through May 2022
Authors: Sachdev Darpun D. , Petersen Maya , Havlir Diane V. , Schwab Joshua , Enanoria Wayne T.A. , Nguyen Trang Q. , Mercer Mary P. , Scheer Susan , Bennett Ayanna , Tenner Andrea G. , Marks James D. , Bobba Naveena , Philip Susan , Colfax Grant
Published: July 2023

San Francisco implemented one of the most intensive, comprehensive, multipronged COVID-19 pandemic responses in the United States using 4 core strategies: (1) aggressive mitigation measures to protect populations at risk for severe disease, (2) prioritization of resources in neighborhoods highly affected by COVID-19, (3) timely and adaptive data-driven policy making, and (4) leveraging of partnerships and public trust. We collected data to describe programmatic and population-level outcomes. The excess all-cause mortality rate in 2020 in San Francisco was half that seen in 2019 in California as a whole (8% vs 16%). In almost all age and race and ethnicity groups, excess mortality from COVID-19 was lower in San Francisco than in California overall, with markedly diminished excess mortality among people aged >65 years. The COVID-19 response in San Francisco highlights crucial lessons, particularly the importance of community responsiveness, joint planning, and collective action, to inform future pandemic response and advance health equity.
Geochemical characteristics and their implication of light hydrocarbons in natural gas from the Lower Paleozoic carbonate reservoirs in the Daniudi gas field, Ordos Basin
Authors: Wu Xiaoqi , Wang Ping , Ni Chunhua , Chen Yingbin , Zhu Jianhui
Published: July 2023

The genetic types and source of the Lower Paleozoic natural gas in the Ordos Basin in China are controversial, and the geochemical characteristics of light hydrocarbons of natural gas in the fifth member of the Ordovician Majiagou Formation (O1m5) are studied by taking the Daniudi gas field as an example, in order to reveal the gas origin and source. The C5−7 light hydrocarbons are dominated by iso-alkanes rather than the n-alkanes, and the methyl cyclohexane (MCH) content is mostly higher than the nC7 content in C7 light hydrocarbons. The K1 and K2 values range from 1.06 to 1.16 and from 0.33 to 0.81, respectively. The geochemical characteristics of light hydrocarbons indicate that the Lower Paleozoic natural gas in the Daniudi gas field is mainly coal-derived gas which has been generated by the humic source rocks in the Upper Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation (C3t), with insignificant contribution by the O1m sapropelic source rocks. The O1m5 gas pools were accumulated through downward and lateral migration in the free phase. The aromatic contents in C6-7 and nC7/MCH ratios are easily affected by the factors such as water solubilization, adsorption in migration, evaporation, and migration fractionation, therefore, secondary alteration needs to be considered when using these parameters to identify the gas origin.
Family-Controlled Business Groups: An In-Depth Review and a Microfoundations-Based Research Agenda
Authors: Kinger-Hans Leena , Chittoor Raveendra , Vissa Balagopal , Chen Guoli
Published: July 2023

It is now well-established that business groups (BGs)—an inimitable multifirm structure that enables legally distinct firms to take coordinated action—constitute a dominant organizational form in many economies around the world. The BG phenomenon has attracted sustained scholarly attention over the last three decades. Despite the shift in BG research toward BG heterogeneity and strategic performance outcomes, prior reviews and the last meta-analysis a decade ago focus narrowly on the question of whether BGs confer a financial performance advantage on affiliated firms. We provide a more extensive account of the BG effect and an in-depth review of the theoretical approaches used in prior work by focusing only on family-controlled business groups (FBGs)—the dominant type of BG. We make three contributions. First, we develop a parsimonious organizing framework to summarize extant FBG research in a nuanced way—specifying the relationships examined, theoretical explanations advanced, and empirical evidence adduced. This summary reveals that extant FBG theorizing is predominantly structurally focused. Second, we propose a reorientation of FBG research toward a microfoundations-based approach. We develop a scheme for theoretical “taking” and “giving” of relevant microfoundational frameworks from contiguous management subfields to systematically identify potential paths ahead for future FBG theorizing. Finally, we granularly discuss illustrative microfoundation-based frameworks, outlining how their application could both enrich and better integrate FBG research with contiguous management subfields such as entrepreneurship, family business, and strategy research. We thus consolidate our understanding of FBG research, identify gaps, and suggest promising pathways for future work.