bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Social Capital on Credit Access of Farming Households In Vietnam
Authors: NGUYỄN TRỌNG HOÀI , Trần Quang Bảo
Published: October 2020

Social capital is considered as an influential factor in economic transactions, including credit access. The research aims at testing relationships between components of social capital and credit access in Vietnam’s rural areas. The testing is conducted with binary logistic and multinomial logistic regression models. The results show that formal social network reduces possibility of getting access to formal credit, and households with wider formal social networks are likelier to belong to the group with access to semi-formal credit than the group with access to formal credit. Such conflicting results may come from specific characteristics of credit market in Vietnam’s rural areas.
Determinants of Income Diversification and Its Effects on Household Income in Rural Vietnam
Authors: TRẦN TIẾN KHAI , Nguyễn Ngọc Danh
Published: October 2020

Exploiting data of Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey 2010, the study aims at finding determinants of income diversification at household level in rural Vietnam and evaluating effects of income diversification on household income. The data set covers 6,571 rural households of eight socio-economic regions. Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI) is applied to show income diversification at household level. Two-limit tobit model is applied to detect the effects of household features and community characteristics on HHI, and then generalized method of moments (GMM) is employed to test the effects of HHI on household income. The results show that human capital in both quantity and quality terms plays a substantial role in encouraging rural households to diversify their income-generating activities. Rural households with higher education level and higher diversification ability tend to have more diverse income sources. Owning larger sources of physical capital, or better credit accessibility, and social capital also helps rural households improve income diversity. The results also confirm that income diversification is the dynamic of rural income improvement. Households can increase their income by diversifying their farm and non-farm activities.
Relationship between Economic Growth and Employment in Vietnam
Authors: Phạm Hồng Mạnh , Nguyễn Văn Ngọc , HẠ THỊ THIỀU DAO
Published: October 2020

The paper examines the relationship between employment and economic growth during the period 1991–2012 in Vietnam and obtains forecasts for employment from 2013 to 2020, using theories of production function for establishment of econometric models. The results show that the employment elasticities of economic growth are -0.49; 0.55 and 0.66 for agriculture, manufacturing and service sectors respectively and 1.71 for Vietnamese economy as a whole in the period. The results also indicate that an annual growth rate of 6% - 7% can help create from 55.322 to 56.243 million jobs by 2015 and from 61.739 – 64.519 million ones by 2020. Additionally, the research offers several important policy recommendations to promote economic growth and job creation in Vietnam in the next period.
Core Criteria Affecting Decisions to Select Logistics Services Suppliers in Hồ Chí Minh City
Authors: Lê Tấn Bửu , Trần Minh Chính , Đặng Nguyễn Tất Thành
Published: October 2020

Outsourcing of logistics services has become popular since the beginning of the 21st century. Along with increasingly great changes in supply of logistics services, exploring customers’ demand and core criteria affecting decisions to select logistics services suppliers becomes increasingly necessary. Employing the EFA and binary logistic regression, the research identifies eight core criteria affecting decisions to select service suppliers by HCMC-based exporters and importers: quick response to customers’ demand, updating service supplying fares, brand reputation of logistics services suppliers; exact billing; care of customers’ interests and needs; location of service suppliers; availability of e-commerce services and electronic billing; and reasonable pricing.
Relationship between Teamwork Characteristics and Effectiveness in the Management and Exploitation of Vietnam’s Airports
Authors: Nguyen Thi Bich Cham , Duong Tien Dung
Published: October 2020

The research aims at identifying characteristics of teamwork that affect the teamwork effectiveness in management and exploitation of airports in Vietnam. Applying relevant theories adjusted to fit the specific conditions in Vietnam, the research finds 15 differences in characteristics of teamwork from the original model by Campion et al. (1993). Teamwork effectiveness is determined by two components: team productivity and employee satisfaction. The quantitative research employs proportionate stratified sampling to gather 434 samples and applies two multiple regression models. The results identify 14 characteristics that can help improve the team work effectiveness. The research contributes important evidence of impacts of characteristics of teamwork on teamwork effectiveness in the management and exploitation of airports.
Effects of Specific Banking Factors on Credit Risk of Vietnam’s Commercial Banks
Authors: Nguyen Thi Ngoc Diep , Nguyen Minh Kieu
Published: October 2020

Applying OLS approach, the paper aims at identifying specific banking factors which impact on credit risk of Vietnam’s comercial banks. Using data collected from financial statements of 32 Vietnam’s commercial banks in the years 2010–2013 and the application of OLS, three idendified factors comprise loan growth, size, and cost-income-ratio. Based on the research findings, several recommendations are proposed for individual investors, further contributing to prompt awareness of the factors with negative effects on credit risk and proper control of lending boom impacts.
Reforms of Tax System in Vietnam in Response to International Integration Commitments until 2020
Authors: Su Dinh Thanh , Bui Thanh Trung , Tran Trung Kien
Published: October 2020

Vietnam’s taxation system has undergone fundamental reforms since the 1990s. Tax reform program of the 2000–2010 period was conducted successfully, putting in place a tax system appropriate to the market economy and necessary legal conditions for accession to the World Trade Organization and international integration. After over 20 years of tax reform, taxation capacity has been improved; raising tax revenue is comparable to economic and structural potentials of tax system. The Vietnamese Prime Minister ratified a tax system reform strategy for 2010–2020 with ambitious target of tax revenue at 23–24% of GDP. The present study finds that raising tax revenue size is of no benefit to economic growth. Therefore, by 2020, Vietnam will have overcome several challenges in the process of tax reform such as broadening the tax base, simplifying the tax administration according to international standards, and harmonizing tax system grounds between ASEAN members.
State Budget Balance, Public Debt, and International Norms
Authors: Bui Thi Mai Hoai , Su Dinh Thanh , Bui Duy Tung
Published: October 2020

A fiscal sustainability model requires that budget revenues and expenditures be in balance while government budget constraints, ensured. Yet, it becomes problematic while failing to address the dynamism of the budget constraints, associated with the government’s role (i.e. extending its intervention may affect public debt and finance). On adopting approaches by Trehan and Walsh (1991) and Hakkio and Rush (1991), which empirically tests cointegration between government revenues and its spending, this study’s aim is to assess the issue of public debt and fiscal sustainability in Vietnam. The findings, on the ground of analyzing institutional factors, demonstrate that no sustainability, as well as potential risk, is reflected by Vietnam’s public debt and fiscal policy.
Enhancing Quality and Efficiency of Public Investment in Vietnam up to 2020
Authors: Diệp Gia Luật , Đặng Văn Cường , Bùi Duy Tùng
Published: October 2020

Based on the theories on quality and efficiency of public investment and on the ground of a new economic model, this study carries out an analytical assessment of the management of Vietnam’s public investment, with the primary aims to detect limitations on management, carry evaluation of the investment, and propose solutions to improving its quality and efficiency. The findings indicate that both the public investment quality and efficiency of Vietnam reveal certain limitations, and no evidence can be found for the effectiveness of investment expenditures in short terms, although a long-term relation exists between the public investment and economic growth. A few comprehensive solutions to investment enhancement until 2020 are as follows: (i) Rationally adjusting investment structures and portfolios, (ii) Improving institutional environment; (iii) Controlling investment efficiency; and (iv) Modernizing the monitoring system for the public investment.
Relationship between Financial Liberalization and Economic Growth in Emerging Economies: The Case of Vietnam
Authors: Tran Huy Hoang , Nguyen Huu Huan , Nguyen Thi Thuy Linh
Published: October 2020

This paper examines the process of financial liberalization in Vietnam over the period from 1993 to 2013. On adopting Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), the results suggest that there is a long-term relation between economic growth and financial liberalization, in which the financial market liberalization and financial services liberalization provide better support during the growth of Vietnam’s economy. In addition, using various techniques including Granger causality test, impulse response analysis, and variance decomposition, the paper also clarifies the motives for financial liberalization from the process of short-term financial development and economic growth in the country.
Affective and Instrumental Commitment: A Special Reference to Self-Service Technologies in Domestic and Foreign Banks
Authors: Hoang Thi Bich Chi , Le Nhat Hanh
Published: October 2020

The current research investigates the effects of consumers’ perception (i.e. perceived usefulness, perceived convenience, and perceived security and privacy) of self-service banking technologies (SSBTs) on customer satisfaction, which in turn affects their affective and instrumental commitment toward banks. Based on the data collected from 176 domestic bank customers and 130 foreign bank customers in Vietnam, the current research examines and compares the proposed relationships across domestic and foreign banks. Its results indicate that, for the overall sample, perceived usefulness, perceived convenience, and perceived security and privacy of SSBTs positively affect customer satisfaction, which incidentally significantly increases customers’ affective and instrumental commitment. However, perceived usefulness of SSBTs is not an important driver of customer satisfaction with domestic banks. Also, in the case of foreign banks, perceived convenience of SSBTs does not influence customers’ satisfaction, and customers’ instrumental commitment toward foreign banks is not affected by customers’ satisfaction. Based on the research findings, this study provides some suggestions and recommendation for both domestic and foreign banking practitioners and policy makers in Vietnam.
Impact of Equitization on Performance of Enterprises in Vietnam
Authors: Truong Dong Loc , Ngo My Tran
Published: October 2020

The main objective of this study is to measure the impact of equitization on firm performance in Vietnam. The dataset, retrieved from the survey on enterprises conducted by the General Statistics Office of Vietnam (GSO), consists of 301 equitized state-owned firms and 127 unequitized state-owned firms during the period from 2007 to 2010. By using propensity score matching (PSM) combined with difference in differences (DID) approach, we find that equitization has positive impacts on the ratio of income before tax to total assets and the ratio of income before tax to sales. Moreover, this study reveals that debt ratio, total asset turnover, and the number of employees have significantly decreased after equitization. However, no evidence is found regarding the effect of equitization on productivity of equitized firms.
Association between Securities and Real Estate Markets: The Case of Ho Chi Minh City
Authors: Phan Thi Bich Nguyet , Pham Duong Phuong Thao
Published: October 2020

This study inspects the relationship between the securities market and real estate market in Vietnam, particularly the case of Ho Chi Minh City from Q1/2009 through Q3/2014. Using a comprehensive survey of expert opinions, we find that several macro factors including GDP, interest rate, inflation, fiscal policy, monetary policy, securities market regulations, international capital flows, and money market have effects on both the securities and real estate markets, which, in turn, do have mutual interactions. Furthermore, it is suggested by the survey results that among the determinants, policy on foreign investment control has the most powerful impact on capital movements between the two markets. The results of TECM analysis of property price index and VN-Index reveal a bidirectional causality between the two markets, which are positively related in the long run
How does market react to corporate spin-offs in Australia?
Authors: Nguyen Xuan Truong
Published: October 2020

While numerous studies on spin-off have been done in the US and Europe, little efforts have been directed to research this area of cor-porate finance in Australia. This study investigates how market re-acts to corporate spin-offs in this country. We employ traditional event study methodology and find that market reacts strongly and positively to the announcements of spin-offs. Specifically, the cu-mulative average abnormal return over the 3-day event window is 3.58%. The cumulative average abnormal return for spin-offs by companies that increase their industrial focus is 4.12% and 3.33% for non-focused increasing spin-offs. Nevertheless, the difference between these two subgroups is statistically insignificant. Multivari-ate regressions provide evidence that high pre-leverage firms benefit more from spin-offs.
Preference-based segmentation: A study of dish preferences among Vietnamese teenagers
Authors: Vu Thi Hoa , Skallerud Kåre
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the usefulness of prefer-ence-based segmentation in understanding food-related behavior among Vietnamese teenagers. A sample of 413 teenagers in second-ary and high schools in three different regions is used. Their prefer-ences for 36 common Vietnamese dishes are evaluated. Four seg-ments based on their preferences are identified, including food likers (29%), poultry dislikers (27%), seafood dislikers (19%), and pork dislikers (25%). Differences between segments are profiled by a di-verse set of variables including consumption frequencies, food choice motives, attitudinal variables, and socio-demographic varia-bles. Dish preferences appear to be an appropriate basis for segmen-tation of Vietnamese adolescents. The differences found across the clusters for the differentiating variables can provide the basis for developing marketing strategies to target different segments, and also theoretical and practical implications are accordingly discussed.
Travel demand for metro in Ho Chi Minh City: A discrete choice experiment analysis
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Son , Nguyen Duy Chinh
Published: October 2020

By employing discrete choice experiment with face-to-face survey data of 135 local inhabitants in Ho Chi Minh City, this paper analyzes preference for the urban metro network transportation. The result reveals that seat availability, time, and cost reduction of the trip with metro robustly incite users to utilize this transportation service. Passengers of metro are willing to pay 0.606 and 4.106 thousand VND for one minute reduction of travel time and seat availability on the train cart, respectively. Furthermore, monetary welfare gained for a switch to metro is 64.3 thousand VND for each individual. Some implications regarding ticket prices and policy are also discussed.
Local governance, private investment and economic growth: The case of Vietnamese provinces
Authors: Su Dinh Thanh , Bui Thi Mai Hoai
Published: October 2020

The study examines the role of local governance in the relationship between private investment and economic growth at provincial level in Vietnam. The study data consists of 63 Vietnamese provinces in the period of 2005-2013. Provincial Competitiveness Index (PCI) is a proxy for local governance. Estimated by two-step System Generalized Methods of Moments, the study shows interesting results. First, local governance and private investment have significant effects on economic growth. Second, the growth effect of private investment is strengthened when interacted with the high level of PCI. Third, interacting PCI sub-indices with private investment, the results show that some aspects of PCI are still barriers to the growth effect of private investment, namely entry cost, time cost, informal charges, and policy biases. Our findings suggest that local governments should make local governance better to improve the growth effect of private investment.
The theory and application of spectral risk measures in Vietnam
Authors: Ho Hong Hai , Nguyen Thi Hoa
Published: October 2020

This paper aims to provide a new risk measure for portfolio management in Vietnam by incorporating investor’s risk aversion into current risk measures such as value at risk (VaR) and expected shortfall (ES). This measure shares several desirable characteristics with the coherent risk measures, as illustrated in Artzner et al. (1997). In Vietnam, our study makes the first attempt to utilize distortion theory, instead of utility theory, to facilitate the adoption of risk aversion level in the popular risk measures. We find that spectral risk measure is more flexible and effective to different groups of risk-adverse investors, compared to the more monotonic and conventional VaR and ES measures
A framework of significant human resource management practices in Vietnam
Authors: Tran Kim Dung , Truong Thi Lan Anh
Published: October 2020

This paper aims at conceptualizing a framework of human resource management practices (HRMPs) that will work effectively in Vietnam. qualitative research is applied, based on a survey of 388 companies located in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam. HRMPs in Vietnam can be measured using seven criteria. Apart from the four traditional HRM functions, which are recruitment selection, training development, performance appraisal and compensation, HRMPs in the Vietnamese context involve three additional criteria: leading change and motivation, both based on traditional soft practices, and talent management, which is based on contemporary hard practice. The validity and reliability of the HRMPs has been confirmed. It was found that the role of HRMPs explains 43 per cent of the variation in a firm’s business performance. The findings imply that HRMPs in Vietnam, despite lagging behind global trends, are on track to catch up with them. The trend of adopting HRMPs in Vietnam continues with the emergence of traditional HRM soft practices and contemporary HRM hard practices. The typical framework of most common HRMPs in Vietnam implies that there is a need to design appropriate training programs for both HR professionals and line managers.
Investigating the gender wage gap in Vietnam by quantile regression: Sticky floor or glass ceiling
Authors: Trần Thị Tuấn Anh
Published: October 2020

Inequality between men and women in the labor market is one of the issues that is of great interest in labor economics. The sticky floor effect occurs when the gender wage gap widens at the lower tail of the wage distribution. The glass ceiling effect in wage exists if the gender wage gap at the top of the wage distribution is wider than other positions. This study uses the dataset of VHLSS2014 and adopts quantile regression to investigate the existence of glass ceiling and sticky floor in the Vietnam’s labor market. The overall results obtained of the entire sample show that there is sticky floor effect but no glass ceiling in the Vietnam’s labor market. However, the results are different when it comes to each labor group. In terms of urban and rural areas, the sticky floor exists, but the glass ceiling does not in both areas. In terms of state and private sectors, while the glass ceiling exists in state sector, the stick floor is only present in the private sector.
Laktik Asit Bakterilerinde CRISPR/Cas Sisteminin Biyoteknoloji ve Genetik Mühendisliğinde Kullanımı
Authors: KAHRAMAN ILIKKAN Özge
Published: October 2020

Laktik asit bakterileri (LAB) düşük GC içeriğine sahip, Gram pozitif, spor oluşturmayan, hareketsiz, fakültatif anaerob, asidik ortama dayanıklı ve çeşitli besinleri fermente etme yeteneğindeki bakterilerden oluşan bir gruptur. Bu grup genellikle probiyotik ve starter kültür olarak kullanılan bakterileri içerir. “Düzenli aralıklarla kümelenmiş kısa palindromik tekrarlar (CRISPR)” ve “CRISPR ilişkili Cas proteinleri”den oluşan CRISPR/Cas sisteminin keşfi ile bu konuda yapılan çalışmalar hız kazanmış ve genom düzenlemeleri kolayca yapılmaya başlanmıştır. Söz konusu sistem yardımıyla yapılan genom düzenlemeleri ve sistemin diğer genetik mühendisliği yöntemleriyle birleştirilmesi, LAB’ın ve probiyotiklerin endüstri ve klinikte kullanımına yönelik yeni bir çığır açacaktır. Bu derleme, CRISPR/Cas sisteminin genel işleyişi, LAB’ta hangi sistemlerden oluştuğu, biyoteknoloji ve genetik mühendisliğindeki mevcut uygulamaları ile gelecekteki potansiyel uygulamaları konusunda geniş bir bakış açısı sağlayacaktır.
Bednar Tumor – a Case Report
Authors: Cekić Slađana , Jović Andrija , Popović Danijela , Zlatanović Zorana , Vidović Nataša , Kocić Hristina , Tiodorović Danica
Published: October 2020

Bednar tumor is a rare pigmented type of the dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans characterized histologically by the coexistence of two distinct cell populations, including spindle-shaped cells and melanin-containing dendritic cells. We report dermoscopic features of Bednar tumor observed in a 54-year-old female patient. The dermoscopy of Bednar tumor revealed a multicomponent pattern composed of a homogeneous blue-gray pigmentation with shiny white lines, structureless light-brown pigmented areas and a peripheral pigment network. The dermoscopic features observed in the present case are consistent with reported dermoscopic descriptions of Bednar tumor. Although dermoscopy may be suggestive of the diagnosis of Bednar tumor, pathohistological examination remains a gold standard for diagnosis.
Adriaan Hulshoff’s Curaçao: An Analysis of the Novel Dorstig paradijs (1949)
Authors: Bant Willem
Published: October 2020

In 1949, the Dutch publishing house A.J.G. Strengholt’s Uitgeversmaatschappij N.V. published the novel Dorstig paradijs. Through the eyes of Evelien van Eerdhuysen, the young, Dutch, female protagonist, author Adriaan Hulshoff presented an image of postwar Curaçao. In general, Dutch reviews of Hulshoff’s novel were quite positive and mentioned, for instance, the realistic representation of the island. Reviews published on Curaçao were very negative. At the moment the novel was published, Curaçao was fully in the news, because of the deliberations about the political status of the Dutch islands in the Caribbean. The question can be raised whether the image of Curaçao presented by Hulshoff was widespread in the Netherlands and representative of the way the Dutch looked at their Caribbean colonial possessions. One of the reasons why the book got much attention had to do with the name of the author who was hiding behind the pseudonym Adriaan Hulshoff. Most probably it was the well-known female writer Jo van Ammers-Küller, who after the Second World War, was banned from publishing because of collaborating with the Germans.
Responsabilidades decorrentes de desastres ambientais em Minas Gerais
Authors: Costa Dahyana , Barbosa Kicyla França Menezes , Bastos Melissa Alvarenga , Oliveira Sabrina Felipe de
Published: October 2020

No atual contexto brasileiro, muito se discute acerca das responsabilidades decorrentes dos danos ambientais. O presente estudo pretende analisar os 02 (dois) desastres ambientais ocorridos em Minas Gerais nos últimos 04 (quatro) anos, elaborando uma análise crítica sobre suas consequências socioambientais e a incidência das responsabilidades civil, penal e administrativa nos casos em tela. Observa-se que os dados são atualizados, sendo os danos causados incalculáveis.
Conflito de interesses no exercício do direito de voto em um grupo de sociedades de direito
Authors: Sato Camila Yano
Published: October 2020

Objetiva-se, nesse artigo, investigar qual seria a teoria a melhor se adequar ao exercício do direito de voto por acionista de sociedade filiada, integrante de um grupo de sociedades de direito. O estudo do conflito de interesses no exercício do direito de voto, em relação à sociedade anônima isolada, assume diferente dimensão quando estudado no contexto dos grupos de sociedades de direito, realidade cada vez mais presente e necessária nos mercados internacionalmente globalizados. Conceituar o interesse social, no caso o interesse grupal, requer analisar as diversas relações intra e intersocietárias que se sobrepõem e interagem mutuamente em uma estrutura de grupos de sociedades de direito. Com base na literatura investigada a respeito das matérias sob análise, concluiu-se que regra do conflito material de interesses seria mais adequada aos grupos de sociedades de direito, considerando que certo grau de sacrifícios pode ser admitido sobre suas sociedades integrantes em benefício das demais e do objetivo grupal comum.
Os Canastreiros: uma minoria esquecida
Authors: Adão Clara de Oliveira , Oliveira Weder Antônio de
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo visa abordar os pontos controvertidos sobre o Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra e sua história, apresentando a dificuldade em conciliar o ideal de preservação ambiental implantado, com o respeito ao contexto cultural e social dos moradores da região. Estes moradores locais são os chamados “Canastreiros”, uma população tradicional que está alocada secularmente na região da Canastra.  O intuito é demonstrar que é possível harmonizar os conflitos jurídicos oriundos deste embate entre a cultura dos tradicionais residentes na área, e a conservação do meio ambiente, respeitando o objetivo de proteção das Unidades de Conservação. Não é necessário retirar os particulares da área de preservação, tal como a permissividade de permanência não implica obrigatoriamente numa negligência ao meio ambiente. Objetiva-se a cooperação entre as partes, a fim de garantir que não haja grandes impactos ambientais, sem causar insegurança jurídica aos habitantes da área. Para tanto, a metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica, com a realização de estudo de caso, pautada na análise de documentos, jurisprudências, doutrinas e estudos concernentes aos conflitos da Canastra.
A mediação e a conciliação como ferramentas para diminuir a morosidade nas resoluções dos litígios: uma análise à luz do princípio do acesso à justiça
Authors: Melo Luiz Gustavo Simões Valença de , Martins Acioli Witalo Brenno , Silva Natali Damares da , Santiago Junior Marcos Antonio Ferreira
Published: October 2020

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar como a mediação e a conciliação podem ser mecanismos eficazes na garantia do acesso à justiça face a morosidade nas resoluções dos litígios. Sabe-se que a problemática da ampliação e efetivação do direito de acesso à justiça aos mecanismos estatais de composição de conflitos é uma realidade que atinge a maioria da população que ainda se encontra dentro de um quadro de graves desigualdades socioeconômicas. O atual momento é de crise judiciária, devido a morosidade exacerbada e a demasiada quantidade de processos, impossibilitando o acesso à justiça, garantido constitucionalmente e inscrito pelo constituinte dentre o rol dos direitos fundamentais. Diante disso, o que se observou é um processo que caminha para um cenário mais inclusivo, principalmente para a população mais pobre, incentivando a mediação e conciliação como meios mais eficazes, rápidos e viáveis de se acessar a justiça. Todavia, a quantidade de processos pendentes ainda se mostra um quadro preocupante, o que gera a obrigação de medidas, a exemplo da audiência virtual, como uma forma de descongestionar judiciário.
To Nicholas II's deposits held with the English banks
Authors: Fetisov V.D.
Published: October 2020

Subject. The article focuses on unknown aspects of foreign financial and credit operations of the Russian Empire.
Objectives. The article attempts to unfold the mechanism and role of foreign loans taken by the imperial family from perspectives of modern Russia. What distinguished the economic policy of Nicholas II? Why did relatives, clergy, noblemen and military elite of Russia turn their backs to the Emperor? I try to bridge the gap between the traditional perception and real situation with respect to loans of the last Emperor of Russia.
Methods. I relied upon proceedings of the Russian and foreign scholars, archives, memoirs of contemporaries and those who were close to the Romanovs. What makes the study complicated is the secrecy of materials and information on the imperial family’s financial position. The article involves the analytical, systems, historical and statistical methods of research.
Results. I set forth my own concept of key deposits made by Nicholas II with the English banks, reveals reasons and mechanisms for placing them, and describe the consequences and the significance for Russia in the current circumstances of the globalized economy. I also suggest how modern credit relations should be transformed.
Conclusions and Relevance. The article provides my conclusions about causes of the ineffective financial and credit policy of the Romanovs, its negative effect on Russia's socio-economic development. As a conclusion, I suggest considering the financial and credit policy of the Russian tzars and Nicholas II from contemporary perspectives. The article justifies the hypothesis that the Turkish contribution as a result of the 1878–1879 Russo-Turkish War became the basis for making secret deposits of the Russian emperors with the English banks. I also make some guess about their use.
The financial and economic substance of the contemporary Russian capitalism
Authors: Smirnov V.V.
Published: October 2020

Subject. I herein focus on the capitalism in Russia today.
Objectives. The study is an attempt to determine what distinguishes the financial and economic substance of the Russian capitalism today.
Methods. The study relies upon the systems approach and methods of statistical, neural network and cluster analysis.
Results. The article reveals the difference of trends in general indicators of financial and business activities in capitalist Russia, socialist China and the imperialist USA. I discover development distinctions of the Russian economy, such as high growth rates of money supply, considerable simultaneous drop in foreign exchange rates, moderate debts of the Russian households and minimum wages, low unemployment rate, low growth rate of the current account balance to GDP as compared with the devaluation rate of the national currency. Having conducted the neural network analysis of growth rates of the money supply, solvency ratios and profitability of entities, financial results of the Russian credit institutions, I found median values of growth rates. Negative values were captured for the return on assets, return on sale of goods, products, work, services, and the equity-to-total assets ratio. Positive ones were found for total profit derived by operational credit institutions, losses and the percentage of unprofitable credit institutions. As the cluster analysis of growth rates of households’ consumption spending shows, there is a palpable correlation between food products and alcohol-free beverages, alcohol beverages, tobacco, clothes, shoes, communications.
Conclusions and Relevance. The financial and economic substance of the contemporary Russian capitalism helps financial institutions and legislature consistently set up the concept and principles for retaining capitalism in Russia, considering the marginal proportions of the money supply growth to the unemployment rate, minimal wages, debt and consumption spending of households, which are adjusted within the possible divergence of the foreign exchange rate and current account balance to GDP. The findings constitute the necessary scope of governmental authorities’ competence to make managerial decisions for keeping the capitalist vector of the Russian society and economy.
Stability of the demand for money in Russia in 2001–2019
Authors: Artsruni R.A.
Published: October 2020

Subject. This article investigates the stability of the money demand in Russia over the 2001Q1 to 2019Q4 period.
Objectives. Using econometric tools, the article estimates the long-and short-term relationships between monetary aggregates and their determinants.
Methods. For the study, I used the Johansen cointegration test, Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), and the Wald test.
Results. The article presents the results of an analysis of the relationships between money demand for M1 and M2 money supply.
Conclusions. Understanding the demand for money can be useful if the central bank uses an unconventional monetary policy to regulate zero interest rate. The money demand function may tell how much it is necessary to deflate to raise the interest rate above zero.
Criteria for classifying banks as systemically important in the Russian banking system
Authors: Kalacheva E.A. , Lamekina A.S.
Published: October 2020

Subject. We address the criteria to classify banks as systemically important, their activities and the assessment of their impact on macroeconomic indicators.
Objectives. The aim is to determine areas of regulation, based on criteria for classification of a bank as systemically important in the Russian banking sector, and taking into account its impact on the national economy.
Methods. The study draws on methods of logical, statistical, and comparative analysis, as well as the correlation analysis to determine the correlation between financial indicators of systemically important banks and the country's GDP.
Results. We offer the following criteria to determine systemically important banks, in addition to indicators used in the Russian banking practice: ‘interchangeability’ of a bank (based on the volume of payments in payment systems), ‘complexity’ (based on bank's activity in the securities market). Our correlation and regression analysis shows a significant positive impact of activities of too-big-to-fail banks on the Russian economy. The greatest impact on GDP is noted for indicators, like the volume of total capital, deposits of the population, loans to individuals. Therefore, the regulation can be aimed not only at preventing crisis situations and instability of the financial system, but can also be a tool for increasing the rates of economic growth.
Conclusions. If the Bank of Russia uses the proposed additional criteria, it will enable to include in the list of such banks the internationally active credit institutions serving significant volumes of settlements in payment systems, and carrying out transactions with complex high-risk derivatives.
Electron Scattering from Some Fp- Shell Nuclei with Inclusion the Effect of Short-Range Correlation
Authors: Hamoudi Adel K. , Abbas Mahmoud A.
Published: October 2020

The effects of short-range correlation on elastic Coulomb (charge) form factors, charge density distributions as well as root mean square charge radii of various  nuclei (for instance, 46, 48, 50Ti, 52, 54Cr, 56, 58Fe, and 72, 74, 76Ge nuclei) are examined. The one- and two body terms of the cluster expansion together with the single-particle harmonic oscillator wave functions are utilized. For the purpose of embedding these effects into the formulae of charge density  and form factor  we employ the correlation function of Jastrow-type. These formulae depend upon the short-range correlation parameter  (which instigates from the Jastrow function) and the oscillator size parameter   Both  and  are found by the fitting to the measured elastic form factors. It is noticed that the embedding of short-range correlation effects into the calculations of  and  is a requisite for the achievement of a vital change in the computed results and remarkably vital for the characterization of the measured data.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Polymers Bearing Tetrazole and Triazole Moieties with Studying their Corrosion Protection of Stainless Steel Surface in Hydrochloric Acid
Authors: Sadiq Amaal S. , Al-Tamimi Entesar O.
Published: October 2020

A series of polymers containing1,2,4-triazole  and tetrazole groups in their main chains were synthesized through several steps. Poly(acryloyl hydrazide) was first prepared and then subjected to a hydrazide reaction with phenyl isothiocyanate to give a 1,2,4-triazole ring (2). This polymer was introduced into a reaction with chloro acetylchloride to yield polymer (3), which was refluxed with sodium azide to give polymer (4). Polymer (5) was synthesized by the reaction of polymer (4) with  acrylonitrile in the presence of NH4Cl as a catalyst. Finally, polymer (6) was synthesized by the electrochemical polymerization of polymer (5) using  316L stainless steel as an anti-corrosion coating. Polymer-coated and uncoated stainless steel was tested for corrosion safety in a solution of 0.1 M HCl, followed by Tafel and Potentiostatic procedures at a temperature of 293 K. Nano materials such as ZnO were applied to the monomer solution at different concentrations to enhance the corrosion resistance of the 316L stainless steel surface. The results showed that the performance values of corrosion protection for the polymer coating were increased with the introduction of the nano materials. Furthermore, 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR, and FTIR were recorded to confirm the structures of the poylmers, while their physical properties were tested using atomic force microscope (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Detection of Epstein Barr Virus Infection in Reactive Arthritis Patients
Authors: Al-Bayati Ola Hafedh Nsaif , Abood Walaa Najm , Salloom Dunya Fareed
Published: October 2020

Reactive arthritis (ReA) is an incendiary joint inflammation that occurs few days to weeks after a gastrointestinal or genitourinary infection. The etiology of the disease is not well-known. Therefore, the present study included 80 females and 25 males, divided into 51 patients with reactive arthritis and 54 healthy individuals as control group.  The study involved the detection of serum levels of anti-rheumatoid factor and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) as well as those of CRP and C3 in all subjects. In addition, EBV levels were detected by Real Time-PCR technique. The results showed significantly increased levels (P < 0.05) of CRP, C3 and anti-CCP Ab in ReA patientsâ€™ group compared to the healthy control group (505.42 Â± 402.94 versus 255.62 Â± 135.5 U/ml, 61.20 Â± 100.64 versus 20.43 Â± 47.63 ng/ml and 35.11 Â± 30.0 versus 6.82 Â± 14.01 pg/ml, respectively), Also, the RF results demonstrated a significantly increased percentage in ReA patientsâ€™ group compared to a healthy control group (61.11 versus 37.25 %). While, the molecular study showed a non-significant increase in the percentage of EBV in ReA patientsâ€™ group compared to a healthy control group (17.65 versus 12.69 %). The results of this study lead to suggest that the immunological markers used may play a role in the development of ReA disease, while there was a non-significant association between EBV infection and ReA disease development.
Optimization of Lovastatin Production from A Local Isolate of Aspergillus terreus A50 in Solid State Fermentation by Classical and Statistical Methods
Authors: Al-Sa'ady Ali J. R. , Aziz Ghazi M.
Published: October 2020

Lovastatin is one of the most important compounds that is produced from some filamentous fungi, being employed in the reduction of hypocholesterolemia. The results of screening, after the collection of seventy-three local fungal isolates from different areas, demonstrated that the local isolate Aspergillus terreus A50 was the best isolate for lovastatin production, with a concentration of 12.66 Âµg/ml, through the submerged fermentation. Lovastatin produced from A. terreus A50 showed antimicrobial activities against a Candida albicans isolate. Solid state fermentation (SSF) was the best system to produce the highest yield of lovastatin by A. terreus A50 as compared to the submerged fermentation (SmF) system, with and without agitation. The optimum conditions for lovastatin production by SSF were also determined. The parameters included carbon sources (wastes), carbon sources mixture, incubation temperature, and moisturizing solution, which are commonly used in classical procedures. The results showed that a higher lovastatin production of 102.321 Âµg/gm substrate was obtained in the culture containing wheat bran and oat bran (1:1 w:w), sodium acetate, moisture ratio of 1.2 v:w, pH 7, incubation temperature of 30 Â°C and incubation period of 6 days. Some of these parameters, including pH, incubation period, and moisture ratio were determined by utilizing the Response Surface Method (RSM) as a statistical approach.
Pääkirjoitus: Etätyöstä etätyöhön
Authors: Ala-kyyny Juuso
Published: October 2020

Kollega kertoo kesälomansa päättymisestä: ”Paluu töihin sujui hyvin. Tosin 30 cm työmatka tuntui loman jälkeentavallista pidemmältä.” Samaa ovat kertoneet muutkin. Siinä missä kevät meni vähän jännittävissäkin merkeissä, uudenlaiseen todellisuuteen asettuessa, maailmanmenoa ihmetellessä ja tulevan kesän odotuksessa, loman jälkeen etätyökupla tuntui aiempaa eristävämmältä. Kollektiivinen sysäys uuteen lukuvuoteen tuntui puuttuvan.
JYU-malli: Keskitetty julkaisutiedonkeruu Jyväskylän yliopistossa
Authors: Harjuniemi Marja-Leena
Published: October 2020

Kuusi vuotta on kulunut siitä, kun Jyväskylän yliopisto siirtyi julkaisutietojen keskitettyyn tallentamiseen. Aiemmin hajautetusti tutkijoiden omasta toimesta tapahtunut CRIS-kirjaamistyö siirrettiin kirjaston (nyk. Avoimen tiedon keskus, OSC) vastuulle niin, että tutkijat itse eivät kirjauksia enää tee, vaan niistä huolehtii OSC. Syntyi ”JYU-malli”. Tässä artikkelissa kerrotaan, mikä JYU-malli on, miten se toimii ja mitä tuloksia sillä on saavutettu.
Pedaforumissa pohdittiin digitalisaation ja koronapandemian vaikutuksia opetukseen
Authors: Syvälahti Kati
Published: October 2020

Elokuussa järjestettiin korkeakoulujen opetuksen kehittämisestä kiinnostuneille Pedaforum-päivät. Päivillä keskusteltiin korkeakouluopetuksen ajankohtaisista asioista sekä erityisesti koronan vaikutuksesta opetukseen. Miten esityksissä näkyi se, että korkeakoulujen opetus siirtyi keväällä nopealla aikataululla etäopetukseksi? Helsingin yliopiston kirjaston Markku Roinila, Kimmo Koskinen ja Kati Syvälahti olivat mukana omalla esityksellään. Kirjaston asiantuntijoiden on hyödyllistä olla mukana Pedaforumissa seuraamassa pedagogiikan uusia ilmiöitä.
Katse menneisyyteen – Merkityksellisiä tapaamisia, verkostoja ja osaamisen kehittämistä
Authors: Paavilainen Elisa
Published: October 2020

Syksyllä 1979 aloitin työt Kemira Oy:n tutkimuskeskuksen tietopalvelussa Espoon Suomenojalla. En silloin arvannut, miten polveilevia ja hienoja työvuosia on edessä. Vastaavasti vuoden 2019 syyskuussa luovutin Suomen ympäristökeskukselle (SYKE) avaimeni, kannettavan tietokoneeni ja työpuhelimeni. Tasan 40 vuoden työrupeamani kirjasto- ja tietopalvelualalla päättyi. Millaisena kokonaisuus hahmottuu nyt, kun työvuodet ovat ohija edessä on uuden elämänvaiheen opettelu? Onko edes mahdollista tiivistää näin pitkää aikakautta parille liuskalle?
Tietopalvelualan mennyt maailma ja nykyisen synty
Authors: Kautto Vesa
Published: October 2020

Pohjoismaisen tietopalveluyhteistyön historiikkia kirjoitettiin pitkään ja lopulta se valmistui vuonna 2018. Teos kuvaa ajallisesti lähellä olevaa mutta teknisesti ja toiminnallisesti kaukaista aikaa 60-luvulta 2000-luvun alkuun. Monipuolinen ja yksityiskohtainen teos nostaa esiin tietopalvelun ammattilaisten yhteistyön, taitavuuden ja uutteruuden.
Thermal and Flow Characteristics of Discrete Double Inclined Ribs at Low Curvature Coil for GSHP Application
Authors: Ariwibowo Teguh Hady , Kariya Keishi , Miyara Akio
Published: October 2020

In this study, the thermal and hydraulic characteristics in low curvature coil with Discrete Double Inclined Ribs (DDIR) were investigated. Water is selected as a working fluid, and flowrate range from 1 to 5 L/min, which is a low flowrate condition. Effect of geometry parameters such as distance between ribs, curvature ribs, and ribs inclination angles was observed. Results obtained by numerical simulations show that the heat transfer in DDIR-coil is 7.7 to 29.11% greater than that in plain coil, while the pressure drop was approximately 12.7 to 89.5% larger than that of plain-coil. A COP improvement factor that is calculated based on energy loss by pressure drop and energy saving by heat transfer enhancement was found to vary between 0.25 and 5.29. Flow visualization shows that there are two vortexes in cross-section at the downstream, and local vortexes arise around the ribs of DDIR-coil, which shows similar pattern and strength to DDIR-straight tube. The vortex makes a long fluid particle path and strengthens the turbulent mixing between the wall and the core flow of the coil. Based on these findings, DDIR-coil is recommended for applications in Slinky Ground Heat Exchangers, especially at low flowrates.
Konsep Pengelolaan Air Limbah Kawasan Industri Makassar (KIMA)
Authors: Dewi Yashinta Kumala , Pratiwi Nurul , Jinca Muhammad Yamin
Published: October 2020

Waste problems are one of the trigger factors that can hinder the growth and development of the city of Makassar, which should be able to balance growth and development. The selection of the waste disposal location into the Tallo River due to its location adjacent to the Makassar Industrial area, the waste construction pipeline that has been treated from the installation from the industrial waste treatment is channeled to the Tallo River. The Tallo River pollution condition with an indicator of IP value is equal to 1.38 including under mild pollution status. The purpose of this study is to find out how the ideal management of industrial wastewater is currently in KIMA and to plan the concept of industrial waste management which includes 3 components, namely the distribution, processing and disposal of wastewater networks so as not to have a negative impact on the environment. The analytical method used is analysis of quantity and quality with descriptive methods, comparative analysis and spatial analysis to analyze the location and land needed for KIMA industrial wastewater management. The results of the analysis show that the performance of existing comparative assessments and ideal KIMA limbah water management is at a value of 49.36% C, where the distribution network does not cover all zones, processing only 3 stages and the absence of utilization of treated water. So that the direction of the planning concept needed by KIMA at the initial stage is to complete the distribution network to all service zones by increasing the pipe size to 300 mm and adding 3 stages, procuring the utilization of processed water and the last capacity to 5,000 m3/day with a total area of ​​10,500 m2.

 

Keywords: Zone, Industry, Infrastructure, Sewerage, Makassar