bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two-Stage Superimposed Gold Mineralization in the Xiejiagou Gold Deposit, Shandong Province: Insights from Fluid Inclusions, H-O-S Isotopes, and Trace Elements
Authors: Du Ze-Zhong , Cheng Zhi-Zhong , Yao Xiao-Feng , Bao Xing-Long
Published: September 2023

The Xiejiagou gold deposit located in the Zhaoyuan-Laizhou gold belt is composed of altered-rock-type gold mineralization and superposed auriferous quartz veins, showing unique two-stage gold mineralization. Oxygen and hydrogen isotopic analyses yielded the following results: δ18OH2O = 0.8‰ to 4.4‰ and δD = −106‰ to −85‰ for altered-rock-type mineralization, and δ18OH2O = 3.6‰ to 5.6‰ and δD = −98‰ to −89‰ for auriferous quartz-veins. Combined studies on Co/Ni, Sb/Bi and As/Ag ratios of pyrites, it can be inferred that the ore-forming fluids were dominated by magmatic water mixed with very little meteoric water. The fractured altered rocks in the ore-hosting fault zones are characterized by mylonitization, cataclastic lithification, and structural lenses, reflecting a compressional (closed) ore-forming system. In contrast, the occurrence of auriferous quartz veins in fissures of altered-rock-type orebodies and the fact that altered-rock-type ores commonly occur as breccias cemented by auriferous quartz veins that reflect an extensional (open) ore-forming system for the vein mineralization. The increase in δ34S values from stage I (5.8‰–7.2‰) to stage II (6.6‰–9.0‰) indicate that the altered-rock-type mineralization was the result of intense water–rock interaction, while the occurrence of immiscible inclusions in auriferous quartz veins demonstrates that fluid immiscibility contributes significantly to gold deposition in the vein-type mineralization. Fluid-inclusion microthermometric data indicate that the fluids for the altered-rock-type mineralization are characterized by moderate-to-high temperature (262–368 °C), and low-to-moderate salinity (4.3–10.8 wt.% NaCl equivalent). In contrast, halite-bearing inclusions are found in auriferous quartz veins, and its fluids are characterized by moderate-to-high temperature (290–376 °C) and moderate-to-high salinity (5.1–41.9 wt.% NaCl equivalent). From early stages (I and II) to the late stage (III), homogenization temperature and high temperature element (W, Sn, and Mo) concentrations in pyrite first decrease and then increase, δ34S values and metallization-related element (Au, Ag, and Bi) concentrations in pyrite first increase and then decrease. Therefore, it can be inferred that the two distinct types of gold mineralization in the Xiejiagou gold deposit may be two separate mineralization events. The presence of magnetite in the auriferous veins suggests an increase in oxidation state during the vein mineralization. Importantly, the Xiejiagou gold deposit preserves two types of mineralization in a single deposit and uniquely records a metallogenic transition from a compressional, reduced environment to an extensional, oxidized environment, as a result of a regional stress field transition that occurred in the Zhaoyuan-Laizhou gold belt at ca. 120 Ma.
External Reflection FTIR Spectroscopy Applied to Archaeological Pottery: A Non-Invasive Investigation about Provenance and Firing Temperature
Authors: Bruni Silvia , Longoni Margherita , De Filippi Francesca , Calore Noemi , Bagnasco Gianni Giovanna
Published: September 2023

The mineralogical composition of archaeological pottery is closely related to the raw material and the firing conditions, thus constituting a source of information both on the origin and the manufacturing technology of ceramic artefacts. The techniques used to clarify the composition of the ceramic material from the point of view of the mineralogical phases include X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and petrographic analysis. Such techniques normally require the taking of a sample from the object, thus often limiting their applicability to sherds rather than intact vessels. The present study aims to investigate the possibility of applying reflection FTIR spectroscopy in the mid- and near-IR to the non-invasive analysis of the mineralogical composition of archaeological pottery, with reference to a set of Etruscan ceramic materials from the excavation of Tarquinia (Italy).
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Jasminum nudiflorum Flower Extract and Their Antifungal and Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Yang Qian , Guo Juan , Long Xiaofu , Pan Chunyang , Liu Guoqin , Peng Jiantao
Published: September 2023

The synthesis of metal nanomaterials is a timely topic due to their widespread use in fields such as crop protection, the environment, medicine, and engineering. Green synthesis of nanoparticles, which uses plant extracts instead of industrial chemical agents to reduce metal ions, has been developed to decrease costs, reduce pollution, and improve environmental and human health safety. In this paper, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized from the flower extract of Jasminum nudiflorum. The green synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, SEM, and other technologies. The antifungal activity of the prepared AgNPs against Alternaria longipes was tested using the plate method, the concentration dilution method, and other methods, and the antioxidant activity of the prepared AgNPs was evaluated by DPPH and hydroxyl free scavenging methods. The results showed that AgNPs synthesized from J. nudiflorum flower extract have a face-centered cubic structure (fcc), and the average grain size of the nanoparticles is 13 nm; they are also mainly spherical in shape. Additionally, the concentration of AgNPs (ranging from 16 to 128 μg/mL) significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of A. longipes in comparison to the control. The inhibitory rate gradually increased with increasing AgNP concentration, ranging from 70.64% to 79.60% at a concentration of 128 μg/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentration was observed at 32 μg/mL. AgNPs induced overaccumulation of MDA in A. longipes, resulting in cell membrane damage and nucleic acid leakage. Moreover, the AgNPs have significant antioxidant properties, which increase with increasing concentration. The clearance rate of DPPH was 25.46 ± 0.90% when the concentration of AgNPs was 8 μg/mL, and the clearance rate of the hydroxyl radical was 28.62 ± 0.59% when the concentration of AgNPs was 128 μg/mL. Thus, the flower extract from J. nudiflorum holds potential as an environmentally friendly and green alternative for the synthesis of AgNPs, which have antifungal and antioxidant potential.
Use of Peak Glucose Level and Peak Glycemic Gap in Mortality Risk Stratification in Critically Ill Patients with Sepsis and Prior Diabetes Mellitus of Different Body Mass Indexes
Authors: Tsai Yi-Hsuan , Hung Kai-Yin , Fang Wen-Feng
Published: September 2023

Sepsis remains a critical concern in healthcare, and its management is complicated when patients have pre-existing diabetes and varying body mass indexes (BMIs). This retrospective multicenter observational study, encompassing data from 15,884 sepsis patients admitted between 2012 and 2017, investigates the relationship between peak glucose levels and peak glycemic gap in the first 3 days of ICU admission, and their impact on mortality. The study reveals that maintaining peak glucose levels between 141–220 mg/dL is associated with improved survival rates in sepsis patients with diabetes. Conversely, peak glycemic gaps exceeding 146 mg/dL are linked to poorer survival outcomes. Patients with peak glycemic gaps below −73 mg/dL also experience inferior survival rates. In terms of predicting mortality, modified Sequential Organ Failure Assessment–Peak Glycemic Gap (mSOFA-pgg) scores outperform traditional SOFA scores by 6.8% for 90-day mortality in overweight patients. Similarly, the modified SOFA-Peak Glucose (mSOFA-pg) score demonstrates a 17.2% improvement over the SOFA score for predicting 28-day mortality in underweight patients. Importantly, both mSOFA-pg and mSOFA-pgg scores exhibit superior predictive power compared to traditional SOFA scores for patients at high nutritional risk. These findings underscore the importance of glycemic control in sepsis management and highlight the potential utility of the mSOFA-pg and mSOFA-pgg scores in predicting mortality risk, especially in patients with diabetes and varying nutritional statuses.
Higher Adherence to the AMED, DASH, and CHFP Dietary Patterns Is Associated with Better Cognition among Chinese Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults
Authors: Song Ying , Cheng Fangxiao , Du Yage , Zheng Jie , An Yu , Lu Yanhui
Published: September 2023

The available evidence regarding the association between adherence to the Alternate Mediterranean Diet (AMED) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) dietary patterns and cognitive performance exhibits inconsistency, and its applicability within the Asian population remains uncertain. The association between adherence to the Chinese Food Pagoda (CHFP) and cognitive function is also unknown. In this study, we aimed to assess the association between adherence to the AMED, DASH, and CHFP different dietary patterns and cognitive function. The study included 3353 Chinese adults aged 55 years and over from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) in 2006. A 24 h dietary recall over three consecutive days was used to collect dietary information. Dietary patterns included AMED, DASH, and CHFP. A subset of items from the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status-Modified was used for cognitive screening. Poor cognitive performance was defined as a global cognitive function score < 7. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate the association between adherence to the three different dietary patterns and cognitive function. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that there is a negative association between higher adherence to the AMED, DASH, and CHFP and poorer cognitive performance (AMED: OR = 0.594, 95% CI = 0.458–0.771, p < 0.001; DASH: OR = 0.652, 95% CI = 0.504–0.843, p = 0.001; CHFP: OR = 0.599, 95% CI = 0.417–0.861, p = 0.006). There was a significant interaction between each of the three dietary patterns and residential regions (AMED: p for interaction = 0.045; DASH: p for interaction = 0.003; CHFP: p for interaction < 0.001). Higher adherence to the AMED, DASH, and CHFP dietary patterns was inversely associated with poor cognition in Chinese middle-aged and elderly adults, particularly among urban residents.
Pro-Vegetarian Food Patterns and Cancer Risk among Italians from the Moli-Sani Study Cohort
Authors: Martínez Claudia Francisca , Di Castelnuovo Augusto , Costanzo Simona , Panzera Teresa , Esposito Simona , Cerletti Chiara , Donati Maria Benedetta , de Gaetano Giovanni , Iacoviello Licia , Bonaccio Marialaura ,   on behalf of the Moli-Sani Study Investigators
Published: September 2023

Besides the Mediterranean diet, there is a paucity of studies examining plant-based diets in relation to cancer outcomes in Mediterranean populations. We analyzed 22,081 apparently cancer-free participants (mean age 55 ± 12 year) from the Moli-sani study (enrollment period 2005–2010; Italy). A general pro-vegetarian food pattern was computed by assigning positive or negative scores to plant- or animal-derived foods, respectively from a 188-item FFQ. A priori healthful or unhealthful pro-vegetarian food patterns distinguished between healthy plant foods (e.g., fruits, vegetables) and less-healthy plant foods (e.g., fruit juices, refined grains). Cancer incidence was defined as the earliest diagnosis of cancer from hospital discharge records over a median follow-up of 12.9 years. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, a general pro-vegetarian food pattern was associated with a lower rate of cancer incidence (HR = 0.85; 95%CI 0.75–0.97 for Q5 vs. Q1); no association was observed between the healthful or unhealthful pro-vegetarian food patterns and overall cancer incidence. A healthful pro-vegetarian pattern, however, was inversely associated with digestive cancer (HR = 0.76; 95%CI 0.58–0.99 for Q5 vs. Q1), while the unhealthful pro-vegetarian pattern was directly linked to respiratory cancer (HR = 1.68; 95%CI 1.06–2.68 for Q5 vs. Q1). Our findings in a Mediterranean population support the hypothesis that some, but not all pro-vegetarian diets, might prevent some cancers.
Potential of Dietary HDAC2i in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors
Authors: Wang Yuqian , Lu Lingeng , Ling Changquan , Zhang Ping , Han Rui
Published: September 2023

Breast cancer (BC) is a lethal malignancy with high morbidity and mortality but lacks effective treatments thus far. Despite the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) (including PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors), durable and optimal clinical benefits still remain elusive for a considerable number of BC patients. To break through such a dilemma, novel ICI-based combination therapy has been explored for enhancing the therapeutic effect. Recent evidence has just pointed out that the HDAC2 inhibitor (HDAC2i), which has been proven to exhibit an anti-cancer effect, can act as a sensitizer for ICIs therapy. Simultaneously, dietary intervention, as a crucial supportive therapy, has been reported to provide ingredients containing HDAC2 inhibitory activity. Thus, the novel integration of dietary intervention with ICIs therapy may offer promising possibilities for improving treatment outcomes. In this study, we first conducted the differential expression and prognostic analyses of HDAC2 and BC patients using the GENT2 and Kaplan–Meier plotter platform. Then, we summarized the potential diet candidates for such an integrated therapeutic strategy. This article not only provides a whole new therapeutic strategy for an HDAC2i-containing diet combined with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for BC treatment, but also aims to ignite enthusiasm for exploring this field.
Dietary Patterns, Foods, and Nutrients to Ameliorate Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Scoping Review
Authors: Montemayor Sofía , García Silvia , Monserrat-Mesquida Margalida , Tur Josep A. , Bouzas Cristina
Published: September 2023

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease without pharmacological treatment yet. There is also a lack of specific dietary recommendations and strategies to treat the negative health impacts derived from NAFLD. Objective: This scoping review aimed to compile dietary patterns, foods, and nutrients to ameliorate NAFLD. Methods: A literature search was performed through MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Results: Several guidelines are available through the literature. Hypocaloric Mediterranean diet is the most accepted dietary pattern to tackle NAFLD. Coffee consumption (sugar free) may have a protective effect for NAFLD. Microbiota also plays a role in NAFLD; hence, fibre intake should be guaranteed. Conclusions: A high-quality diet could improve liver steatosis. Weight loss through hypocaloric diet together with physical activity and limited sugar intake are good strategies for managing NAFLD. Specific dietary recommendations and a Mediterranean plate have been proposed to ameliorate NAFLD.
The Role of Bovine Kappa-Casein Glycomacropeptide in Modulating the Microbiome and Inflammatory Responses of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Qu Yunyao , Park Si Hong , Dallas David C.
Published: September 2023

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder marked by chronic abdominal pain, bloating, and irregular bowel habits. Effective treatments are still actively sought. Kappa-casein glycomacropeptide (GMP), a milk-derived peptide, holds promise because it can modulate the gut microbiome, immune responses, gut motility, and barrier functions, as well as binding toxins. These properties align with the recognized pathophysiological aspects of IBS, including gut microbiota imbalances, immune system dysregulation, and altered gut barrier functions. This review delves into GMP’s role in regulating the gut microbiome, accentuating its influence on bacterial populations and its potential to promote beneficial bacteria while inhibiting pathogenic varieties. It further investigates the gut microbial shifts observed in IBS patients and contemplates GMP’s potential for restoring microbial equilibrium and overall gut health. The anti-inflammatory attributes of GMP, especially its impact on vital inflammatory markers and capacity to temper the low-grade inflammation present in IBS are also discussed. In addition, this review delves into current research on GMP’s effects on gut motility and barrier integrity and examines the changes in gut motility and barrier function observed in IBS sufferers. The overarching goal is to assess the potential clinical utility of GMP in IBS management.
Natural Bioactive Compounds from Marine Invertebrates That Modulate Key Targets Implicated in the Onset of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Its Complications
Authors: Casertano Marcello , Vito Alessio , Aiello Anna , Imperatore Concetta , Menna Marialuisa
Published: September 2023

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an ongoing, risky, and costly health problem that therefore always requires new treatment options. Moreover, although several drugs are available, only 36% of patients achieve glycaemic control, and patient adherence is a major obstacle. With monotherapy, T2DM and its comorbidities/complications often cannot be managed, and the concurrent administration of several hypoglycaemic drugs is required, which increases the risk of side effects. In fact, despite the efficacy of the drugs currently on the market, they generally come with serious side effects. Therefore, scientific research must always be active in the discovery of new therapeutic agents. Discussion: The present review highlights some of the recent discoveries regarding marine natural products that can modulate the various targets that have been identified as crucial in the establishment of T2DM disease and its complications, with a focus on the compounds isolated from marine invertebrates. The activities of these metabolites are illustrated and discussed. Objectives. The paper aims to capture the relevant evidence of the great chemical diversity of marine natural products as a key tool that can advance understanding in the T2DM research field, as well as in antidiabetic drug discovery. The variety of chemical scaffolds highlighted by the natural hits provides not only a source of chemical probes for the study of specific targets involved in the onset of T2DM, but is also a helpful tool for the development of drugs that are capable of acting via novel mechanisms. Thus, it lays the foundation for the design of multiple ligands that can overcome the drawbacks of polypharmacology.
Intracellular Fate of the Photosensitizer Chlorin e4 with Different Carriers and Induced Metabolic Changes Studied by 1H NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Vermathen Martina , Kämpfer Tobias , Nuoffer Jean-Marc , Vermathen Peter
Published: September 2023

Porphyrinic photosensitizers (PSs) and their nano-sized polymer-based carrier systems are required to exhibit low dark toxicity, avoid side effects, and ensure high in vivo tolerability. Yet, little is known about the intracellular fate of PSs during the dark incubation period and how it is affected by nanoparticles. In a systematic study, high-resolution magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy combined with statistical analyses was used to study the metabolic profile of cultured HeLa cells treated with different concentrations of PS chlorin e4 (Ce4) alone or encapsulated in carrier systems. For the latter, either polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or the micelle-forming polyethylene glycol (PEG)-polypropylene glycol triblock copolymer Kolliphor P188 (KP) were used. Diffusion-edited spectra indicated Ce4 membrane localization evidenced by Ce4 concentration-dependent chemical shift perturbation of the cellular phospholipid choline resonance. The effect was also visible in the presence of KP and PVP but less pronounced. The appearance of the PEG resonance in the cell spectra pointed towards cell internalization of KP, whereas no conclusion could be drawn for PVP that remained NMR-invisible. Multivariate statistical analyses of the cell spectra (PCA, PLS-DA, and oPLS) revealed a concentration-dependent metabolic response upon exposure to Ce4 that was attenuated by KP and even more by PVP. Significant Ce4-concentration-dependent alterations were mainly found for metabolites involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the phosphatidylcholine metabolism. The data underline the important protective role of the polymeric carriers following cell internalization. Moreover, to our knowledge, for the first time, the current study allowed us to trace intracellular PS localization on an atomic level by NMR methods.
The Patterns of Intraspecific Variations in Mass of Nectar Sugar along a Phylogeny Distinguish Native from Non-Native Plants in Urban Greenspaces in Southern England
Authors: Yessoufou Kowiyou
Published: September 2023

To serve human needs, non-native species are selected based on an array of functional traits, which generally confer competitive advantages to these species in their recipient environments. Identifying non-obvious functional traits that indirectly inform human selection of non-natives to introduce into urban greenspaces is not yet part of common discussions in invasion biology. We tested whether functional traits integrated within a phylogenetic framework, may reveal those subtle criteria underlying the introduction of non-native plants into urban greenspaces. We found no differences in terms of functional traits between natives and non-natives. We also found no evidence that functional traits predict nectar production, irrespective of how nectar production was measured. Finally, we found that the mean sugar concentration of nectar per flower is evolutionarily shared both within closely related non-native plants as well as within close native plants. However, phylogenetically close species share similar intraspecific variation in mass of nectar sugar per flower, but this is true only for non-native plants, thus revealing a non-obvious selection criteria of non-native plants for urban greenspaces. Our results indicate that the phylogenetic patterns of intraspecific variation in mass of nectar sugar per flower is the major criterion distinguishing non-natives from native plants in urban greenspaces in Southern England.
Pentaclethra eetveldeana Leaves from Four Congo-Brazzaville Regions: Antioxidant Capacity, Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Proportional Accumulation of Phytochemicals
Authors: N’goka Victor , Oyegue Liabagui Sandrine Lydie , Sima Obiang Cédric , Begouabe Herman , Nsonde Ntandou Gelase Fredy , Imboumy-Limoukou Romeo Karl , Biteghe-Bi-Essone Jean-Claude , Kumulungui Brice Serge , Lekana-Douki Jean Bernard , Abena Ange Antoine
Published: September 2023

Oxidative stress and inflammation play a key role in the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases. Traditionally, Pentaclethra eetveldeana leaves are used in dementia treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities as well as the phytochemical composition of Pentaclethra eetveldeana leaves from four Congo-Brazzaville regions. The 1.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging, β-carotene bleaching and molybdenum reduction assays were used to assess the antioxidant activity. The protein denaturation and erythrocyte membrane stabilization tests were used to analyze the anti-inflammatory activity. Phytochemical screening, the quantification of polyphenols by spectrophotometry, as well as the determination of extraction yields were carried out. It was found that the extracts reduced molybdenum; furthermore, compared to ascorbic acid, they showed better antiradical activity and inhibited lipid peroxidation. Moreover, globally, the membrane-stabilizing power of the aqueous extracts was superior or comparable to diclofenac, while the same extracts were less effective for the inhibition of denaturation. All of the aqueous extracts contained polyphenols, saponins, alkaloids, anthraquinones, reducing sugar and cardiotonic glycosides. The total polyphenols, tannins and proanthocyanidins are produced proportionally from one region to another. Finally, the leaves from Brazzaville and Boundji contain flavonols, while those from Makoua and Owando contain flavones. Thus, Pentaclethra eetveldeana leaves contribute to traditional dementia treatment through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
An Interpretable High-Accuracy Method for Rice Disease Detection Based on Multisource Data and Transfer Learning
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Zhao Xinyan , Xu Hening , Zhang Liman , Xie Boyu , Yan Jin , Zhang Longchuang , Fan Dongchen , Li Lin
Published: September 2023

With the evolution of modern agriculture and precision farming, the efficient and accurate detection of crop diseases has emerged as a pivotal research focus. In this study, an interpretative high-precision rice disease detection method, integrating multisource data and transfer learning, is introduced. This approach harnesses diverse data types, including imagery, climatic conditions, and soil attributes, facilitating enriched information extraction and enhanced detection accuracy. The incorporation of transfer learning bestows the model with robust generalization capabilities, enabling rapid adaptation to varying agricultural environments. Moreover, the interpretability of the model ensures transparency in its decision-making processes, garnering trust for real-world applications. Experimental outcomes demonstrate superior performance of the proposed method on multiple datasets when juxtaposed against advanced deep learning models and traditional machine learning techniques. Collectively, this research offers a novel perspective and toolkit for agricultural disease detection, laying a solid foundation for the future advancement of agriculture.
Thermal and Colorimetric Parameter Evaluation of Thermally Aged Materials: A Study of Diglycidyl Ether of Bisphenol A/Triethylenetetramine System and Fique Fabric-Reinforced Epoxy Composites
Authors: Oliveira Michelle Souza , Pereira Artur Camposo , Colorado Henry Alonso , Meliande Natalin Michele , da Cunha Juliana dos Santos Carneiro , Figueiredo André Ben-Hur da Silva , Monteiro Sergio Neves
Published: September 2023

The main modifications of thermal and colorimetric parameters after thermal aging of DGEBA/TETA system (plain epoxy) and fique-fiber woven fabric-reinforced epoxy composites are described. As a preliminary study, thermal analysis was carried out on epoxy matrix composites reinforced with 15, 30, 40 and 50% fique-fiber woven fabric. After this previous analysis, the 40% composite was chosen to be thermally aged, at 170 °C. Three exposure times were considered, namely, 0, 72, 120 and 240 h. Samples were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermomechanical analysis (TMA) and colorimetry analysis. Significant color changes were observed after thermal aging combined with oxidation. It was also found that the thermal behavior of the plain epoxy showed greater resistance after thermal exposure. By contrast, the composites were more sensitive to temperature variations as a result of thermal stresses induced between fique fibers and the epoxy matrix.
Scott Blair Fractional-Type Viscoelastic Behavior of Thermoplastic Polyurethane
Authors: Pichler Christian , Oberparleiter Stefan , Lackner Roman
Published: September 2023

In this paper, the experimental characterization of the viscoelastic properties of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) samples through creep experiments is presented. Experiments were conducted at different constant temperature levels (15, 25, and 35 ∘C), for three different tensile stress levels (0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 MPa), and at different physisorbed water contents, providing access to: (i) the temperature dependency of creep parameters and (ii) the assessment, if behavior is indeed viscoelastic. The physisorbed water content was achieved by exposing virgin samples to environments with relative humidity ranging from 0 to 80 percent until mass stability was reached. Creep tests were conducted immediately afterwards with this particular humidity level. The main results of this study are as follows. The temperature dependency of the obtained creep parameters is well described in Arrhenius plots. With regard to water content, two prototype material responses were observed in the experimental program and accurately modeled using the following fractional-type models: (i) Scott Blair-type (i.e., power-law-type) only behavior, pronounced for the combination of low water content/low temperature; (ii) combined Scott Blair plus Lomnitz (i.e., log-type) behavior for high water content/high temperature. This change in behavior associated with certain thresholds for the specified environmental conditions (temperature and relative humidity) may indicate the initiation of hydrogen bond breakage and rearrangement (carbamate H-bonds and physisorbed water H-bonds). Regarding the short-term or quasi-instantaneous behavior, the Scott Blair element seems highly appropriate and may be better suited than the standard elastic model: the Hookean spring. We associated Scott Blair behavior with the load-induced, quasi-instantaneous re-arrangement of polymer network chains. The secondary viscoelastic mechanism associated with the Lomnitz element, hydrogen bond breakage and rearrangement, comes into play for higher temperatures and/or higher physisorbed water contents. In this case, the contribution of the two constitutive elements is well separated due to the large number of the characteristic time of the Lomnitz element, much larger than the respective value for the Scott Blair element.
Fracture Resistance Comparative Analysis of Milled-Derived vs. 3D-Printed CAD/CAM Materials for Single-Unit Restorations
Authors: Abad-Coronel Cristian , Bravo Manuel , Tello Salomé , Cornejo Emilia , Paredes Yirelly , Paltan Cesar A. , Fajardo Jorge I.
Published: September 2023

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the fracture resistance of a single-unit fixed prosthesis, using a CAD/CAM PMMA material and two printed materials (3DPPa and 3DPPb). A typodont with a specific preparation for a full crown was used; a digital impression was made with a state-of-the-art scanner (PrimeScanTM, Dentsply-SironaTM, New York, NY, USA), and a full coverage restoration was designed using a biogeneric design proposal by means of specific software (InLAB 22.1, Dentsply-Sirona, NY, USA). Sixty crowns were prepared, divided into three groups according to the material: 3DPPa (n = 20), 3DPPb (n = 20), both 3D-printed from the .STL file with a resolution of 50 μm, and PMMA (n = 20) milled-derived, which were subjected to a thermocycling process. A universal testing machine (Universal/Tensile Testing Machine, Autograph AGS-X Series) with integrated software (TRAPEZIUM LITE X) equipped with a 20 kN load cell was used to determine the fracture resistance. Significant differences were found by Kruskal–Wallis test and multiple comparisons (p < 0.05) in fracture resistance between materials. The fracture resistance for the PMMA material was higher, and the standard deviation was lower (x = 1427.9; sd = 36.9 N) compared to the 3DPPa (x = 1231; sd = 380.1 N) and 3DPPb (x = 1029.9; sd = 166.46 N) prints. The restorations from the milled-derived group showed higher average fracture resistance than the provisional restorations obtained from the printed groups. However, the results demonstrated that all three materials analyzed in single-unit restorations are capable of withstanding the average masticatory forces.
The Africanization of Catholicism in Ghana: From Inculturation to Pentecostalization
Authors: Niedźwiedź Anna
Published: September 2023

This article discusses the Africanization of Catholicism in Ghana as a process that embraces activities deriving from the inculturation doctrine as well as those emerging during the most recent process of pentecostalization. The complex and changing historical and current discourses on “African tradition”, “traditional religion”, and “African spirituality” are presented in relation to the creation of an independent Ghana and the state-instigated concept of “national heritage”, as well as the Catholic theological developments strongly shaped by the Second Vatican Council. The influences of Pentecostal and charismatic Churches are described and the pentecostalization of Catholicism is interpreted as a kind of subversive development of inculturation doctrine and practices. The article refers to the material and embodied aspects of religion, pointing to the importance of material culture and “embodied continuation” in shaping contemporary African Christian and African Catholic identities. The article draws on ethnographic material collected in Catholic parishes in central Ghana.
From Globalisation to Planetarisation: The Principle of Interdependence as a Vector for a New Law of the Earth: The Lex Anthropocenae
Authors: Bartolomei Teresa
Published: September 2023

The principle of interdependence is the core of the idea of a Common Home, a notion introduced into the public debate by the encyclical Laudato si’, and one which is essential to overcome the anthropocentric narrowness of the ethical–legal normativity on which the Rule of Law is based. The theological contribution to the formulation of the principle of interdependence is embedded in a rich legal–philosophical tradition, which has in C. Schmitt a leading exponent. Thanks to the juridical spatial turn outlined by this author, we may recognize that law regulates not only inter-human relations but also inter-system relations between society and the Earth’s ecosystem. To implement a corresponding structural change, however, we need move beyond Schmittian reductionism, which univocally associates the idea of law with the physical dimension of the occupation of space and its rational inscription as property and sovereignty, a form of predatory appropriation and domination which has brought us to the threshold of the current global ecological and political disorder. Only by juridically implementing interdependence as a new regulator of the relationship between Earth and society and of the relations between peoples can we politically govern and solve the ongoing (ecological, health, social, and international) world crisis.
An Underwater Side-Scan Sonar Transfer Recognition Method Based on Crossed Point-to-Point Second-Order Self-Attention Mechanism
Authors: Wang Jian , Li Haisen , Dong Chao , Wang Jing , Zheng Bing , Xing Tianyao
Published: September 2023

Recognizing targets through side-scan sonar (SSS) data by deep learning-based techniques has been particularly challenging. The primary challenge stems from the difficulty and time consumption associated with underwater acoustic data acquisition, which demands systematic explorations to obtain sufficient training samples for accurate deep learning-based models. Moreover, if the sample size of the available data is small, the design of effective target recognition models becomes complex. These challenges have posed significant obstacles to developing accurate SSS-based target recognition methods via deep learning models. However, utilizing multi-modal datasets to enhance the recognition performance of sonar images through knowledge transfer in deep networks appears promising. Owing to the unique statistical properties of various modal images, transitioning between different modalities can significantly increase the complexity of network training. This issue remains unresolved, directly impacting the target transfer recognition performance. To enhance the precision of categorizing underwater sonar images when faced with a limited number of mode types and data samples, this study introduces a crossed point-to-point second-order self-attention (PPCSSA) method based on double-mode sample transfer recognition. In the PPCSSA method, first-order importance features are derived by extracting key horizontal and longitudinal point-to-point features. Based on these features, the self-supervised attention strategy effectively removes redundant features, securing the second-order significant features of SSS images. This strategy introduces a potent low-mode-type small-sample learning method for transfer learning. Classification experiment results indicate that the proposed method excels in extracting key features with minimal training complexity. Moreover, experimental outcomes underscore that the proposed technique enhances recognition stability and accuracy, achieving a remarkable overall accuracy rate of 99.28%. Finally, the proposed method maintains high recognition accuracy even in noisy environments.
Driving Mechanisms of Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of Land Use Conflicts and Simulation under Multiple Scenarios in Dongting Lake Area
Authors: An Xuexian , Zhang Meng , Zang Zhuo
Published: September 2023

As an important ecological hinterland in Hunan Province, the Dongting Lake area has an irreplaceable role in regional socioeconomic development. However, owing to rapid environmental changes and complex land use relationships, land use/land cover (LULC) changes are actively occurring in the region. Therefore, assessment of the current LULC status and the future development trend for sustainable economic development is of considerable importance. In this study, the driving mechanisms of spatiotemporal evolution for land use conflicts (LUCF) in Dongting Lake from 2000 to 2020 were analyzed by constructing a LUCF model. Additionally, a new model, EnKF-PLUS, which couples ensemble Kalman filtering (EnKF) with patch-generating land use simulation (PLUS), was developed to predict the LULC changes and LUCF in 2030 under different scenarios. The results provide three insights. First, during the period of 2000–2020, high LUCF values were concentrated in highly urbanized and densely populated areas, whereas low LUCF values were centered in hilly regions. Secondly, the impacts of static factors (topographical factors) and dynamic factors (population, GDP, and climate factors) on changes in LUCF were regionally differentiated. Thirdly, our results indicate that the implementation of land use strategies of cropland conservation and ecological conservation can effectively mitigate the degree of LUCF changes in the region and contribute to the promotion of the rational allocation of land resources.
Satellite-Based Distribution of Inverse Altitude Effect of Global Water Vapor Isotopes: Potential Influences on Isotopes in Climate Proxies
Authors: Yang Gahong , Xiao Yanqiong , Wang Shengjie , Qian Yuqing , Li Hongyang , Zhang Mingjun
Published: September 2023

The widely-distributed altitude effect of stable isotopes in meteoric water, i.e., the negative correlation between stable hydrogen (or oxygen) isotope compositions and altitude, is the theoretical basis of isotope paleoaltimetry in climate proxies. However, as many recent local observations have indicated, the inverse altitude effect (IAE) in meteoric water does exist, and the regime controlling IAE is still unclear on a global scale. Based on a remote sensing product of the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI), we examined the global frequency of IAE in water vapor isotopes, and the possible influences on isotopes in precipitation and climate proxies. According to the satellite-based δD values in water vapor at 2950 m and 4220 m above sea level, frequent IAEs are observed on a daily scale in North Africa, West and Central Asia, and North America, and IAEs are more likely to occur during the daytime than during the nighttime. We also converted water vapor δD to precipitation δD via equilibrium fractionation and then analyzed the potential presence of IAE in precipitation, which is more associated with climate proxies, and found that the spatial and temporal patterns of water vapor can be transferred to the precipitation. In addition, different thresholds of δD difference were also tested to understand the impact of random errors. The potential uncertainty of the changing isotope and altitude gradient should be considered in paleo-altitude reconstructions.
Incorporating Attention Mechanism, Dense Connection Blocks, and Multi-Scale Reconstruction Networks for Open-Set Hyperspectral Image Classification
Authors: Zhou Huaming , Wu Haibin , Wang Aili , Iwahori Yuji , Yu Xiaoyu
Published: September 2023

Hyperspectral image classification plays a crucial role in various remote sensing applications. However, existing methods often struggle with the challenge of unknown classes, leading to decreased classification accuracy and limited generalization. In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning framework called IADMRN, which addresses the issue of unknown class handling in hyperspectral image classification. IADMRN combines the strengths of dense connection blocks and attention mechanisms to extract discriminative features from hyperspectral data. Furthermore, it employs a multi-scale deconvolution image reconstruction sub-network to enhance feature reconstruction and provide additional information for classification. To handle unknown classes, IADMRN utilizes an extreme value theory-based model to calculate the probability of unknown class membership. Experimental results on the three public datasets demonstrate that IADMRN outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of classification accuracy for both known and unknown classes. Experimental results show that the proposed methods outperform several state-of-the-art methods, which outperformed DCFSL by 8.47%, 6.57%, and 4.25%, and outperformed MDL4OW by 4.35%, 4.08%, and 2.47% on the Salinas, University of Pavia, and Indian Pines datasets, respectively. The proposed framework is computationally efficient and showcases the ability to effectively handle unknown classes in hyperspectral image classification tasks. Overall, IADMRN offers a promising solution for accurate and robust hyperspectral image classification, making it a valuable tool for remote sensing applications.
Changes in Holstein Heifer Salivary Cortisol Concentrations and Behavior after Regrouping
Authors: Denham Jadyn , Adams Progar Amber
Published: September 2023

The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of regrouping on Holstein heifer salivary cortisol concentrations and behavior. Eighteen heifers (192.8 ± 13.6 days of age) were used during this study. Each of these heifers was introduced into a pen of older existing heifers. The heifers were assigned to four groups that corresponded to each of the four regroupings. Saliva samples were collected the day before regrouping (baseline; pre-regrouping), the day of regrouping, and the day after regrouping (post-regrouping). Video cameras continuously recorded from the hour before each regrouping through one day after each regrouping. Salivary cortisol concentrations were higher than the baseline for novel and existing heifers on the day of regrouping and one day post-regrouping (p = 0.01). More aggressive and agnostic behaviors occurred during Regroupings 1 and 4 than during Regroupings 2 and 3. Novel heifers spent more time standing (p = 0.05) and drinking (p = 0.05) than the existing heifers and less time lying (p = 0.05), but no other differences were observed between the behavior of existing and novel heifers. The salivary cortisol results of this study demonstrate that regrouping is a stressful event for both novel and existing dairy heifers.
“Soy Boy vs. Holy Cow”—Understanding the Key Factors Determining U.S. Consumers’ Preferences and Commitment to Plant-Based Milk Alternatives
Authors: Rombach Meike , Dean David L. , Gan Christopher
Published: September 2023

Plant-based milk products are ultra-processed food products that enjoy a positive reputation as being safe, healthy, ethical, and sustainable. The present study is focused on these products and addresses the product and brand managers of US food retailers. A consumer survey explores the factors explaining US consumers’ preferences for and commitment to plant-based milk and other plant-based milk products. Environmental concerns, food safety, health, and sustainability concerns are identified as relevant predictors for both consumer behaviors. In addition, animal welfare concerns are relevant, but only for product commitment.
Synergy between Electric Vehicle Manufacturers and Battery Recyclers through Technology and Innovation: A Game Theory Approach
Authors: Yao Shuang , Wu Leke , Yu Donghua
Published: September 2023

Power battery recycling (PBR) has triggered profound changes in the industrial chain of electric vehicles (EVs). The PBR innovation network provides information channels and resource conditions for enterprises, but the mechanism of its impact on the synergistic innovation benefits and sustainable development ability of EV and PBR enterprises still needs further exploration. In this paper, we collect patent data for PBR from 2012 to 2020, identify the structural characteristics of innovation networks, and construct a synergy game model for PBR technology, aiming to analyze the synergistic effect of network embedding and knowledge spillover in PBR enterprises on technological innovation. First, we find that the PBR innovation network exhibits the small-world effect, which has a double-edged sword effect on technological cooperation innovation. Second, structural holes benefits of the main body of PBR technological innovation have a significant impact on cooperation innovation behavior. Third, the enhancement of the relevance and deep complementarity of knowledge cooperation is sufficient to make up for the input cost of PBR technological cooperation innovation, with additional benefits created by the increase in the output of structural holes. However, companies tend to be more inclined toward non-cooperative innovation as the knowledge spillover effect of the innovation network increases.
The Determinants of Farmers’ Perceived Flood Risk and Their Flood Adaptation Assessments: A Study in a Char-Land Area of Bangladesh
Authors: Faruk Md Omar , Maharjan Keshav Lall
Published: September 2023

Floods are the most frequent and devastating disasters in Bangladesh. The riverine islands, known as char-lands, are particularly vulnerable to flooding. As flooding poses a significant threat to the lives and livelihoods of residents, especially farmers, it is crucial to understand how they perceive flood risk and assess their adaptation strategies in this geographically susceptible context. However, the existing literature has not adequately addressed these issues. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the factors influencing farmers’ perceptions of flood risk and their assessments of flood adaptation. In a survey of 359 farmers in Bangladesh’s char-land region, located in the Chauhali sub-district (Upazila) of Sirajganj district, we used the protection motivation theory (PMT) to measure farmers’ perceived flood risk and adaptation assessments. Multiple regression analysis was employed to identify factors influencing them. Farmers prioritized the risk to livelihoods (production and income) over psychological aspects (health and diseases). Larger farms, more flood experience, and greater risk awareness are associated with higher overall flood risk perception and better flood adaptation, indicating higher self-efficacy, response efficacy, and response cost among farmers. Farmers perceived lower flood risk in exchange for greater house distance from the river and more trust in government actions. Hence, strengthening campaigns and programs is crucial to understanding flood risk in char-lands for improved adaptation to floods. The study highlights the application of PMT to assess farmers’ perceptions of flood risk and their attitudes towards adaptation, suggesting further research opportunities.