bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Paradox of Digital Health: Why Middle-Aged Adults Outperform Young-adults in Health Management Utilization via Technology
Authors: Jeong SeoHa , Nam Yeon Gyo
Published: October 2024

Globally, life expectancy has been increasing, with South Korea reaching an average of 85.6 years. Therethrough, ‘being healthy’ is essential for a high quality of life, and interest in health and disease prevention grew significantly after the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic boosted digital health technology adoption, and emphasizing the need for tailored health strategies based on age group. KIHASA conducted the study of digital confidence and health management methods involving the use of digital devices, and it examines differences in digital device use and confidence between 359 young adults (20–39Y) and 641 middle-aged adults (40–69Y). Respondents were asked about their use of digital health tools, such as wearable devices and mobile apps and confidence in using digital systems and managing health via digital tools was assessed using a five-point Likert scale. We an-alyzed the results, and it indicated that while young adults have lower rates of using digital devices for health care, they exhibit higher confidence in using such devices. In contrast, middle-aged adults, despite having lower confidence, report higher usage of digital devices for health care purposes. This study explored differences in digital confidence and health care usage between age group.
Fast Degaussing Procedure for a Magnetically Shielded Room
Authors: Koss Peter A. , Voigt Jens , Rasser Ronja , Schnabel Allard
Published: October 2024

A demagnetization study was conducted on a magnetically shielded room (MSR) at Fraunhofer IPM, designed for applications such as magnetoencephalography (MEG) and materials testing. With a composite of two layers of mu-metal and an intermediate aluminum layer, the MSR must provide a residual field under 5 nT for the successful operation of optically pumped magnetometers (OPM). The degaussing process, employing six individual coils, reached the necessary residual magnetic field within the central 1 m3 volume in under four minutes. Due to the low frequency shielding factor of 100, the obtained average residual field is shown to be limited by environmental residual field changes after degaussing and not by the degaussing procedure.
Rowing Against the Tide: The Golden Mussel (Limnoperna fortunei) Leaves DNA Footprints Along Its Invasion Route in South American Rivers
Authors: Ferreira-Jr Augusto Luiz , Bot Neto Renato Luiz , Marin-Ruiz Vanessa , Rosa Leonardo Cruz da , Almeida Mara C. , Borges Patricia D. , Christo Susete W. , Artoni Roberto Ferreira
Published: October 2024

The invasion of the golden mussel has resulted in considerable environmental and socioeconomic alterations, which present a considerable threat to the native biodiversity and sustainability of the region. It is of the utmost importance to gain an understanding of the distribution and biological characteristics of this Asian mussel, as well as its interaction with human activities, in order to develop effective strategies for mitigating and preventing its further spread. This study examines the dispersal route and incidence of golden mussels, tracing their movement from initial populations in Argentina to their arrival in the São Francisco River Basin (SFR). The presence of the mussel was confirmed through an integrative assessment, which included shell taxonomic analyses and mitochondrial DNA signatures. This identified populations located 7.5 km from the river's mouth, in proximity to the Atlantic Ocean, in areas such as shrimp farms, artisanal ports, and marinas. The analysis of mitochondrial DNA revealed the presence of South American-specific and shared ancestral haplotypes in the SFR, Grande River, and Argentina. These findings indicate that intracontinental colonisation towards the northeast of South America originated from Asian populations that entered South America via Argentina. The absence of Asian-specific signatures in the RSF, combined with its geomorphological structure, which is unsuitable for large ports or transoceanic vessels, supports the hypothesis of intercontinental dispersal of Limnoperna fortunei.
Bioisosteric Replacement in the Search for Biologically Active Compounds: Design, Synthesis and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Novel [1,2, 4]triazino[2,3-C]quinazolines
Authors: Grytsak Oleksandr , Schabelnyk Konstantin , Severina Hanna I. , Ryzhenko Victor , Voskoboynik Oleksii , Belenichev Igor , Kovalenko Sergiy , Oksenych Valentyn , Kamyshnyi Oleksandr
Published: October 2024

Designing novel biologically active compounds with anti-inflammatory properties based on condensed quinazolines is a significant area of interest in modern medicinal chemistry. In the present study, we describe the development of promising new bioactive molecules through the bioisosteric replacement of a carbon atom with a sulfur atom in anti-inflammatory agents, specifically 3-methyl-2-oxo-2H-[1,2,4]triazino[2,3-c]quinazolin-6-yl)butanoate. Design and synthetic studies have led to the series of previously unknown substituted 2-[((3-R-2-oxo-2H-[1,2,4]triazino[2,3-c]quinazolin-6-yl)methyl)thio]carboxylic acids and their esters. These compounds were synthesized by reacting 6-chloroalkyl-3-R-2H-[1,2,4]triazino[2,3-c]quinazolin-2-ones with mercaptoalkyl carboxylic acids and their functional derivatives. The purity and structure of the obtained compounds were confirmed using a set of physicochemical methods, including elemental analysis, HPLC-MS, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Molecular modeling, predicted toxicity, drug-likeness and pharmacokinetics data were used to select compounds for evaluation of their effects on acute aseptic inflammation (carrageenan-induced paw edema test) and on markers of the inflammatory process. The compound 2-((1-(3-methyl-2-oxo-2H-[1,2,4]triazino[2,3-c]quinazolin-6-yl)ethyl)thio)acetic acid (compound 2.5) was identified as the most active anti-inflammatory agent, demonstrating significant inhibition of both paw edema development and the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators. Results from docking studies and analysis of "structure-affinity" correlations revealed that these compounds are promising candidates for further modification and detailed investigation of their anti-inflammatory activity
Urinary Tract Infections in Kidney Transplant Patients: An Open Chal-Lenge. Update on Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Management
Authors: Pinchera Biagio , Trucillo Emilia , D'Agostino Alessia , Gentile Ivan
Published: October 2024

Urinary tract infections are one of the main complications in kidney transplant patients, with a significant impact on graft function and survival. In fact, it is estimated that up to 74% of kidney transplant patients experience at least one episode of UTIs in the first year after transplantation, with an increased risk of graft loss and an increased risk of mortality. Several risk factors have been identified, such as female gender, old age, diabetes mellitus, immunosuppression, pre-transplant UTIs, urinary tract abnormalities and prolonged dialysis. The worsening burden of antimicrobial resistance is also in itself a risk factor and a major complication in evolution and management. The management of prophylaxis, asymptomatic bacteriuria, UTIs and UTIs are still an open challenge with some points to be clarified. Faced with such scenarios, our review aimed to evaluate the current epidemiology, to examine the risk factors and to consider all the possibilities and methods of management, giving a current view and evaluation of the topic.
Prevalence of Lower Back Pain and Risk Factors in Equestrians: A Systematic Review
Authors: Duarte Carlota Rico , Raimundo Armando , Sousa João Paulo , Fernandes Orlando , Santos Rute
Published: October 2024

This systematic review assessed the prevalence of lower back pain (LBP) in equestrian athletes (EA), using PRISMA guidelines. Observational studies published between 2004 and 2024 in English, Portuguese, Spanish, and German were included. The review identified relevant studies through EBSCO, MEDLINE, and SCOPUS (last search 30 August 2024), yielding 14 studies with a total of 4,527 participants. PEO of included studies: population comprised EA, exposure was equestrian sports (ES), and the outcome was LBP. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Observation Study Quality Evaluation tool, and six studies were deemed high-quality. LBP prevalence in EA was higher than in the general and athlete population, with point prevalence ranging from 27.9% to 87.9%. Sport-specific factors, including workload and stable duties, were significant risk factors. Methodological inconsistencies, such as varying definitions of LBP and a lack of standardized exposure assessment, and overall low quality of studies, limited the comparability of findings. This review underscores the need for more high-quality research and tailored interventions addressing both riding and off-horse activities in EA. The review was registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42024568577), and the study was funded by the Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Évora University.
Microdosing Odors in Virtual Reality for Psychophysiological Stress Training
Authors: Anheuer Daniel , Karacan Brid , Herzog Lara , Weigel Nora , Meyer-Nieberg Silja , Gebhardt Thomas , Freiherr Jessica , Richter Martin , Leopold Armin , Eder Monika , Hofmann Marko , Renner Karl-Heinz , Küsel Cornelia
Published: October 2024

To better cope with stress in emergencies, emergency personnel undergo virtual reality (VR) stress trainings. Such trainings typically include visual, auditory and sometimes tactile impressions, whereas olfactory stimuli are mostly neglected. This concept paper therefore examines whether odors might be beneficial for further enhancing the experience of presence and immersion into a simulated environment. The aim is to demonstrate the benefits of VR civilian stress trainings for emergency personnel and to investigate the role of odors as stressors by manipulating the degree of perceived psychophysiological stress via olfactory impressions. Moreover, the current paper presents the development and validation of a convenient and portable fragrance dosing system that allows personalized odor presentation in VR. The presented system can transport reproducible small quantities of an air-fragrance mixture close to the human nose using piezoelectric stainless steel micropumps. The results of the fluidic system validation indicate that the micropump is suitable to release odors close to the nose with constant amounts of odor presentation. Furthermore, the theoretical background and the planned experimental design of VR stress training including odor presentation via olfactory VR technology is elucidated.
A Note on Odd Perfect Numbers
Authors: Vega Frank
Published: October 2024

This paper definitively settles the longstanding conjecture regarding odd perfect numbers. A perfect number is one whose sum of divisors equals itself doubled. While Euclid's method for constructing even perfect numbers is well-known, the existence of odd ones has remained elusive. By employing elementary techniques and analyzing the properties of the divisor sum function, we conclusively prove that no odd perfect numbers exist.
Sports Law and Its Implications in Sports
Authors: Ferreira Ana
Published: October 2024

The text addresses the concept of sports, Sports Law, and Brazilian legislation related to this field. Sports are defined as institutionalized competitive activities involving physical effort or complex motor skills, motivated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Sports Law is a specialized area of law that deals with the specificities of the sports universe, regulated by national and international associations. The fundamental principles of Sports Law are presented as guidelines to ensure transparency and ethics in sports relations, including sports autonomy, legality, equality, sports integrity, and the protection of athletes' health. Brazilian legislation regarding Sports Law is represented by Law 9615/98, which establishes the general provisions and principles governing sports in the country. The Fan Statute, enacted in 2003, extends sports regulation, covering aspects related to the relationship between fans, clubs, and the authorities responsible for sporting events. These laws are essential for promoting transparency and integrity in sports practices, as well as improving safety at events by enabling the identification and accountability of organized supporters for violations committed. In summary, the text addresses the concept of sports, Sports Law, its principles, and the Brazilian legislation governing this field, emphasizing its importance in promoting transparency and integrity in sports.
Analysis of Drinking water Quality of Larkana City (Urban Areas)
Authors: Zafarullah Jamali Mir , Khoso Asadullah , Ali Keerio Manthar , Ali Keerio Jabir , Karim Bhatti Nadim , Ali Mandan Ayaz , Faraz Abro Ahmed
Published: October 2024

Water is the most important source of life. However, due to various anthropogenic activities, water is no longer pure and drinkable. Pakistan is a country that is facing an acute shortage of safe water, and safe water drinking resources in Sindh, which is the second largest province of Pakistan, are depleting day by day. Therefore, a research study was carried out to determine the Physico- Biological properties of groundwater of Larkana city of Sindh province of Pakistan, where groundwater is the only source of drinking. For this purpose, a total of 40 samples were randomly collected from various locations in Larkana city, and the Physico-Biological parameters like Color, Odor, Taste, Turbidity, Total Solids (TS), Electrical Conductivity (EC), and Fecal Coliform and E-Coli were determined in the laboratory and were compared with WHO permissible limits. The results revealed that all of the samples were colorless with no turbidity, but 20% of the samples had having odor of sewage water. Moreover, 20% of samples had having slightly bitter taste, particularly the samples collected from Ahsan Colony, Sachal Colony, and QUEST hostel. Moreover, 92% of samples had values of Total Solids and EC beyond permissible limits. Further, most of the samples were found to have no presence of E. coli, but 8% of samples were found to have faecal Coliform present.
Advancing Mountainscape Diversity, Functioning, and Disturbance Dynamics Studies with Hyperspectral Imaging Requires a Focus on Plant Traits, Soil-Rock Attributes, and Landsliding
Authors: Kilgore Ana , Restrepo Carla
Published: October 2024

The global biodiversity crisis has emphasized the unique contribution of functional diversity to ecosystem function, stability, and resilience. In this regard, the increasing availability of remotely sensed data together with the development of new sensors and approaches has the potential to improve our ability to quantify and monitor ecosystem traits and functions at unprecedent spatial, temporal, and spectral scales. In particular, air- and spaceborne hyperspectral data are making possible the measurement of plant-level functional traits to investigate ecosystem function and functional diversity in novel ways. In this review we pose that these developments together with similar ones focusing on soils and lithologies can help us understand relationships between functional diversity, ecosystem processes, and landsliding, and more broadly the disturbance dynamics of mountainscapes. Acknowledging the challenges associated with mountainscapes, this review 1) synthesizes broad established methods to retrieve functional traits from remotely sensed data, 2) summarizes approaches derived from remotely sensed data to characterize functional diversity and its relationships with ecosystem functioning, and 3) elaborates on how these methods and approaches can provide a needed holistic view of landslides. This holistic view recognizes the critical role that interactions between ecosystem and geomorphic processes play in the dynamics of mountainscapes mediated by landslides and the contribution of ecosystem diversity and processes to landslide susceptibility and recovery. In this “ecosystem-centered” view of landslides it might be necessary to scale from individual landslides and sites to entire landslide populations, assemblages, and landscapes.
Correctness of Frequency Standards Accuracy Estimates
Authors: Zhmud Vadim
Published: October 2024

For measuring time, distances and movements, including determining the location of ground objects using a global navigation satellite system using the triangulation method, high-precision generators of extremely accurately generated reference frequencies, as reference measures of frequency and time intervals, are extremely relevant. Along with those already approved as frequency and time standards, exemplary stable frequency signal generators are constantly being created, improved and researched, that is, prototypes of future frequency and time standards based on new principles. Model generators are also being created on known principles with additional measures to increase their accuracy. The most important stage in the creation of such standards and their prototypes is the study of the stability and accuracy characteristics of the resulting model generators. Traditionally, indicators such as the two-sample Allan variance are used for this, and even more often the square root of this value, called the Allan function, is used. Many publications report results in which the dependence of this function on the averaging time is given on a double logarithmic scale. A decrease in this value with increasing averaging time looks natural and is beyond doubt, however, the right branch of this graph very often begins to bend upward, which indicates that with increasing averaging time the Allan function increases. This fact cannot satisfy future users of these exemplary generators, since such an increase indicates that the frequency value they generate should not be trusted, because it turns out that over a long period of time the generated frequency can deviate from the required value very far, and the longer this time , the more this function can deviate. The situation is aggravated by the fact that the Allan function does not include offset, that is, such an important characteristic as frequency reproducibility, when in fact this characteristic should also be taken into account. This article offers a new vision and interpretation of the metrological characteristics of the accuracy, stability and reproducibility of the generated frequency of a model generator.
DLK1 Is Associated with Stemness Phenotype in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Cell Lines
Authors: da Silva Danilo Dias , Araldi Rodrigo Pinheiro , Belizario Mariana Rocha , Rocha Welbert Gomes , Maciel Rui Monteiro de Barros , Cerutti Janete Maria
Published: October 2024

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare and aggressive tumor, often requiring systemic treatment in advanced or metastatic stages, where drug resistance presents a significant challenge. Given the role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in cancer recurrence and drug resistance, we aimed to identify CSC subpopulations within two MTC cell lines harboring pathogenic variants in the two most common MEN2-associated codons. We analyzed 15 stemness-associated markers, along with well-established thyroid stem cell markers (CD133, CD44, and ALDH1), a novel candidate (DLK1), and multidrug resistance proteins (MRP1 and MRP3). The ability to efflux the fluorescent dye Hoechst 3342 and form spheroids, representing CSC behavior, was also assessed. MZ-CRC-1 cells (p.M918T), displayed higher expression of canonical markers, DLK1 and MRP proteins than TT cells (p.C634W). MZ-CRC-1 cells also formed more spheroids and showed lower dye accumulation (p < 0.0001). Finally, we found that DLK1+ cells (populations of cells expressing DLK1), exhibited significantly higher expression of stemness markers compared to DLK1- cells (populations of cells negative for DLK1). These findings highlight the role of DLK1 in promoting the stemness phenotype and offer new insights into MTC progression and resistance, with potential therapeutic implications.
Evaluating the Effect of Image Enhancement on Diagnostic Reliability in Dry Eye Disease Using a Portable Imaging Device
Authors: Mizukami Takahiro , Sato Shinri , Asai Kazuki , Inoue Takanobu , Shimizu Eisuke , Shimazaki Jun , Shimomura Yoshikazu
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of image enhancement techniques on the interobserver reliability of tear breakup time (TBUT), tear meniscus height (TMH), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) scoring, and conjunctivochalasis detection using the Smart Eye Camera (SEC), a portable device for anterior segment examination. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on video recordings captured by SEC from 46 patients with dry eye disease (DED). Three video sets were created: unenhanced (G0), mildly enhanced (G3), and strongly enhanced (G7). Three observers—two DED specialists and one general ophthalmologist—assessed TBUT, TMH, CFS scores, and conjunctivochalasis. Interobserver reliability was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for each image set. Results: Interobserver reliability for CFS scores significantly improved with G3, yielding an ICC of 0.8413. In contrast, G7 improved reliability for TBUT measurements (ICC = 0.7381) but led to a notable decrease in reliability for both CFS scoring (ICC = 0.2259) and conjunctivochalasis detection (ICC = 0.0786). Furthermore, the assessment of TMH demonstrated a progressive decline in accuracy with increasing levels of image enhancement. Conclusions: Image enhancement using SEC improves diagnostic consistency between dry eye specialists and general ophthalmologists, especially for TBUT and CFS assessments. However, excessive enhancement may obscure key diagnostic features, indicating the need for careful optimization of image processing techniques depending on the diagnostic focus.
Thermoforming Non-Developable Surfaces: Challenges in the Parametric Fabrication of Solid Surfaces, the Case of Krion K-Life
Authors: Blanch Ferran Ventura , Aswani Vishal Shahdadpuri , Vílchez Pablo Hernández
Published: October 2024

This research arises from the need to rethink children’s play spaces found in the city through new manufacturing methods of Solid Surface materials such as Krion K-Life 1100 from the Porcelanosa Group, which allow the creation of complex ergonomic shapes. The method consisted of an iterative digital fabrication process, in which a series of molds were developed and adjusted to thermoform the Krion, adapting the design in each iteration according to the results obtained. Parametric digital modeling techniques and in-detph curvature analysis were used to optimize the geometry to meet the technical limitations of the material and the thermoforming process. The results showed that, through precise adjustments in the curvature and thickness of the surface, it is possible to thermoform Krion without defects such as folds or wrinkles, obtaining a complex modular and ergonomic surface suitable for children’s play. In conclusions, Krion is a viable material for the generation of complex double-curved geometries, thus opening up a range of possibilities from the creation of new children’s spaces to parametric facades optimized according to their location.
Is CNS Involvement in AML Patients predictable? Analyzing Risk Factors, Clinical Outcomes, and the Impact of Next-Generation Sequencing
Authors: Seki Jack T. , Daher-Reyes Georgina , Atenafu Eshetu G. , Sibai Jad , Bankar Aniket , Young Tayler , Chan Steven , Yee Karen , Gupta Vikas , Minden Mark D. , Maze Dawn C. , Schuh Andre C. , Schimmer Aaron , Sibai Hassan
Published: October 2024

CNS infiltration (CNS+) leads to serious complications in AML. Cytogenetic and Molecular profile is essential in risk stratification, treatment decisions and envisage prognosis. We utilize the NGS data and cytogenetics as a screening tool, for determining the incidences and specific CNS+ risks, in patients eligible for intrathecal chemotherapy. 52 mutations database per NGS was used for the analysis. 435 newly diagnosed patients underwent frontline induction chemotherapy. 259 (59.5%) patients received LP. The most common molecular mutation in the CNS+ patients were MPN1 (48.3%), FLT3 (22.5%), TET2 (25.8%), RAS / KRAS (25.7%), DMNT3 (19.3%), ASXL1 and (16.1%). Of which 31 patients had confirmed CNS+ disease due to the presence of characteristic markers. CNS+ patients have significantly higher bone marrow blast% (76 vs. 53) (p= 0.0202). WBC count ≥ 100x109/L (OR: 5.614 [2.313-13.626] p=0.0001) in the multivariable analysis, and LDH ≥2ULN (OR: 5.512 [2.176-13.965]; p= 0.0003) in the univariate analysis, revealed higher risk for CNS+. Patients exhibited significantly higher NPM1 mutations (48.4% vs 24.6%, p=0.0053) and 11q23 chromosomal abnormality (12.9% vs 2.19%, p= 0.0139). However, FLT3 by NGS did not predict CNS+ (P=0.1226). CNS+ did not contribute significantly toward CIR (p=0.066), and has no bearing on OS (p=0.9063). Patients presented with either neurological symptoms or accompanied by hyperleukocytosis, elevated LDH, NPM1 positivity or 11q23 abnormality are highly suggestive of CNS+. Therefore, LP is needed to rule-out CNS disease at presentation. NGS did not consistently predict CNS+. A large prospective trial is needed to confirm the results.
Reevaluating Evolutionary Paradigms: The Impact of Darwin's Competitive Vision and Humboldt's Holistic Approach on Modern Ecology
Authors: Montgomery Richard Murdoch
Published: October 2024

This article critically examines the contrasting perspectives of Charles Darwin and Alexander von Humboldt on evolution and the interconnectedness of nature, arguing that Darwin's emphasis on competition has contributed to contemporary ecological crises. While Darwin's theory of natural selection revolutionized biological sciences by focusing on individual competition and the "survival of the fittest," it reflects the competitive and anthropocentric values of Victorian England. In contrast, Humboldt's holistic vision, articulated in his work Kosmos, emphasizes the intricate interdependencies within ecosystems, anticipating modern ecological principles. By exploring the cultural contexts that shaped their theories, this article contends that the widespread adoption of Darwin's competitive framework has fostered exploitative attitudes toward nature, legitimizing environmental degradation and contributing to the current ecological crisis. Embracing Humboldt's interconnected perspective is posited as essential for addressing ecological catastrophes by promoting sustainable practices and fostering a more harmonious relationship with the natural world.
Sustainable Management of Green Waste in Urban Settings: A Case Study on Energy Recovery and Heating Solutions in the Municipality of Athens (Greece)
Authors: Dapsopoulou Magdalini , Bellas George , Zianis Dimitris , Kokkinos Petros , Kyriakakis Dimitris , Pachountis Emmanouil
Published: October 2024

The increasing volume of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), including biodegradable plant residues such as pruning, leaves, and kitchen waste, presents a substantial environmental challenge due to the limited availability of landfill space and the resulting environmental contamination. Sustainable waste management practices, encompassing recycling and waste-to-energy conversion through biological or thermochemical processes, are imperative. In the Municipality of Athens, Greece, significant quantities of green waste generated from public and private gardening activities provide a valuable opportunity for energy recovery and landfill waste reduction. In accordance with Directive 2008/98/EC, Athens emphasizes waste prevention, reuse, recycling, and recovery. This study examines alternative bio-waste and green waste management systems, with examples from Europe, focusing on the Athens Directorate of Urban Green Spaces and Urban Wildlife. It discusses methods for assessing the energy value of pruning residues, providing a definitive disposal framework. Additionally, it presents a technoeconomic study of one of the Municipal Swimming Pools in the Municipality of Athens, investigating the production and distribution of thermal energy to meet the heating needs of the pool facilities. This research identifies key constraints and their impact on decision-making, highlighting the potential for alternative green waste management. It advocates modern recycling techniques in line with national and Community legislation, demonstrating significant environmental and economic benefits.
Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase -Producing and Multidrug Resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. From the Human-Animal-Environment Interface on Cattle Farms in Burkina Faso
Authors: Soma Djifahamaï , Bonkoungou Isidore Juste Ouindgueta , Garba Zakaria , Diarra Fatimata Bintou Josiane , Somda Namwin Siourimè , Nikiema Marguerite Edith Malatala , Bako Evariste , Sore Souleymane , Sawadogo Natéwindé , Barro Nicolas , Haukka Kaisa
Published: October 2024

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) -producing and multidrug resistant Enterobacterales pose a major threat to both human and animal health. This study assessed the prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-Ec) and Klebsiella spp. (ESBL-K) in cattle farms in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, using a One Health approach. From May 2021 to September 2022, cattle faeces, farmers’ stools, their drinking water and farm soil samples were collected from semi-intensive and traditional farms. ESBL-selective medium was used to obtain resistant isolates, which were further characterized using biochemical tests. An-timicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc dif-fusion method. ESBL-Ec and/or ESBL-K were detected in 188 of 322 samples (58.0%). The prevalence of ESBL-Ec isolates was 42.2% (136/322) and ESBL-K isolates 24.5% (79/322). Notably, 156 of the 188 ESBL isolates (83.0%) exhibited multidrug resistance. The highest resistance rates were observed against tetracy-cline and cotrimoxazole. Importantly, no isolates showed resistance to mero-penem, which was used to test for carbapenem resistance. This study highlights the presence of ESBL-Ec and ESBL-K among humans, animals and the envi-ronment of the cattle farms. Good hygiene and biosafety practices are essential to limit the potential spread of multidrug resistant bacteria between different inter-faces on farms.
Recent Role of Microorganisms of the Mollicutes Class in the Aetiology of Bovine Respiratory Disease (Brd)
Authors: Dudek Katarzyna , Nicholas Robin A. J.
Published: October 2024

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) inflicts significant losses in cattle farming worldwide and is caused by the co-occurrence of various infectious agents which is often compounded by envi-ronmental factors. It is well known that microorganisms of the Mollicutes class are responsible for respiratory disorders in cattle, including BRD. This review highlights the current role of these microorganisms, in particular Mycoplasma bovis and Mycoplasma dispar, in the aetiology of this disease complex, which has recently shifted towards a primary or predominant cause of the disease.
Microbiome Influence on Cervical Cancer: Pathways to Understanding and Intervention
Authors: Mohan Aswin , Naisam Shahanas , Sreekumar Nidhin
Published: October 2024

Cervical cancer (CC) remains a critical global health concern, ranking as the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women, with an estimated 604,000 new cases and 342,000 deaths in 2020. The primary etiological factor for CC is infection with high-risk strains of the Human papillomavirus (HPV), which often goes unrecognized due to the immune system's ability to clear the virus. Emerging evidence suggests that the vaginal microbiome (VMB) plays a pivotal role in modulating the immune response, influencing oncogenesis, and impacting HPV clearance. This review discusses the dynamics of the VMB, emphasizing its diversity and how various factors, such as hormonal fluctuations and ethnicity, shape its composition. A balanced VMB, characterized by a predominance of Lactobacillus species, is crucial for maintaining local immune defenses and preventing dysbiosis, which can lead to chronic inflammation and increase the risk of CC. Conversely, dysbiotic conditions with reduced Lactobacillus and increased anaerobic bacteria have been correlated with HPV persistence and disease progression. The potential of probiotics to restore a healthy VMB and enhance immune responses offers a promising avenue for CC prevention and management. Further research into the VMB's role in HPV pathogenesis is essential for developing targeted therapeutic strategies to mitigate CC risk.
Smartphone App-Based Remote Monitoring Challenges in Patients with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Defibrillator – a Multicenter Study
Authors: Kowal Dagmar , Prech Marek , Katarzyńska-Szymańska Agnieszka , Baszko Artur , Skonieczny Grzegorz , Wabich Elżbieta , Kempa Maciej , Rubiś Błażej , Mitkowski Przemysław
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Remote monitoring (RM) of cardiac implantable electronic devices for adults offers improved patient outcomes. However, bedside transmitters utilized so far are not optimal due to limited patient adherence. The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of RM regarding the connectivity of smartphone app-based solutions, adherence to planned automatic follow-ups, and occurrence of alert-based events. Methods: We evaluated the adult heart failure (HF) population with implanted cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (CRT-D) divided into two arms: with app-based RM (abRM) and without app-based RM (control). Results: A total of 81 patients (median age of 69.0) were included in our study. 65 patients received a CRT-D with abRM functionality, and 16 did not. 12 patients had no smartphone, and 2 provided no consent, resulting in their transfer to the control group. Finally abRM arm consisted of 51 patients, while 30 patients were in the control group. Median period of follow-up lasted 12 months. Among abRM patients, 98.0% successfully transmitted their first scheduled follow-up, and 80.4% were continuously monitored. Alert-based events were mainly related to arrhythmic events and device functionality with significantly shorter median time to notification (1 day vs. 101 days; p<0.0001) in the abRM group. Conclusions: Our study showed a high level of compliance with timely initial transmission and adherence to scheduled remote follow-ups. Patient enrollment eligibility was a major challenge due to the limited accessibility of smartphones in the population. App-based RM demonstrated an accurate notification of events and patient-initiated transmissions in emergencies, regardless of location.
Rapid Tear Proteomics via In-Capillary Digestion for Biomarker Discovery
Authors: Xiao James , Frenia Kyla T , Garwood Kathleen C , Kimmel Jeremy , Labriola Leanne T
Published: October 2024

Tear fluid is emerging as a valuable resource for biomarker discovery, but its low sample volume and dynamic composition pose significant challenges for analytical testing. Most tear proteomics studies have focused on samples collected with Schirmer strips, while capillary tube collection has received less attention. To address these challenges, we developed a novel in-capillary trypsin digestion workflow that requires as little as 0.5 μL of tear fluid for bottom-up shotgun proteomics. This method uses liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify a higher number of proteins with enhanced efficiency compared to previously reported methods, which typically required 5-10 μL of pooled tear fluid. Using the same microcentrifuge tube for both tear collection and sample processing, this streamlined workflow simplifies sample handling and minimizes both sample loss and experimental errors associated with sample transfer. This method also efficiently reduced sample processing time to under 2 hours prior to overnight trypsin digestion, compared to the 5-8 hours required by other methods. With this workflow, we identified 500-800 proteins per 0.5 μL sample without the need for fractionation, allowing for at least three technical replicates. This optimized workflow greatly enhances the efficiency of tear proteomics for biomarker discovery.
A Review and Thematic Analysis of How 3D Printing Technology Makes a City Smarter
Authors: Prasittisopin Lapyote
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the transformative impact of 3D printing technology on smart cities. As cities face rapid urbanization, resource shortages, and environmental degradation, innovative solutions such as additive manufacturing (AM) offer potential pathways for sustainable urban development. By synthesizing 66 publications from 2015 to 2024, the study examines how 3D printing improves urban infrastructure, enhances sustainability, and fosters community engagement in city planning. Key benefits of 3D printing include reducing construction time and material waste, lowering costs, and enabling the creation of scalable, affordable housing solutions. The paper also addresses emerging areas such as the integration of 3D printing with digital twins (DT), machine learning (ML), and AI to optimize urban infrastructure and predictive maintenance. It highlights the use of smart materials and soft robotics for structural health monitoring (SHM), and repairs. Despite the promising advancements, challenges remain in terms of cost, scalability, and the need for interdisciplinary collaboration among engineers, urban planners, and policymakers. The findings suggest a roadmap for future research and practical applications of 3D printing in smart cities, contributing to the ongoing discourse on sustainable and technologically advanced urban development.
Flammability Characterization of Particle Reinforced Carbon-Epoxy Composite
Authors: Ibarra Anylu , Alcantara-Llanas Perla Itzel , Zarate-Perez Cecilia , Franco-Urquiza Edgar A. , Torres Mauricio
Published: October 2024

In the aerospace industry, the performance of materials on extreme conditions is crucial. This study addresses the development of nanoparticle-reinforced composite materials to improve thermal properties and flame retardancy in aerospace applications. As first approach, Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were synthesized and incorporated into carbon fibers through the dip coating process. Subsequently, composite laminates were manufactured using the vacuum bag infusion method. The materials were subjected to flammability tests, following FAA regulations, to evaluate their performance against flame spread. The laminates reinforced with ZnO presented promise performances, suggesting a need for optimization in the incorporation of nanoparticles for safer and more efficient applications in the aerospace industry.
Structural Catalytic Core in Subtilisin-Like Proteins and its Comparison to Trypsin-Like Serine Proteases and Alpha/Beta-Hydrolases
Authors: Denesyuk Alexander I. , Denessiouk Konstantin , Johnson Mark S. , Uversky Vladimir N.
Published: October 2024

Subtilisin-like proteins are serine proteases that use two types of catalytic triads: Ser-His-Asp and Ser-Glu-Asp. Here, we investigate the two known families of subtilisin-like proteins, the subtilases (Ser-His-Asp triad) and the serine-carboxyl proteinases (Ser-Glu-Asp triad), and describe local structural arrangements (cores) that govern the catalytic residues in these proteins. We show separation of the cores into conserved structural zones, which can be repeatedly found in different structures, and compare the structural cores in subtilisin-like proteins with those in trypsin-like serine proteases and alpha/beta-hydrolases.
Rotating Photodisc Reactor (RPR) Used in The Photodegradation of Pyridine Using Zinc Oxide as a Catalyst Doped with Aluminum Nanoparticles Irradiated with Natural Light
Authors: Montalvo Romero Carlos , Aguilar-Ucán Claudia Alejandra , Lemus Edith , Cerón-Bretón Rosa María , Ceron-Breton Julia Griselda , Robles Heredia Juan Carlos , Ruiz Marin Alejandro
Published: October 2024

Pyridine was degraded in a rotating photodisc reactor (RPR) using zinc oxide (ZnO) doped with aluminum nanoparticles (ZnO-Al) as a catalyst and natural light lamps. The reactor disks, made of clay, have a surface area of 329.7209 m². The reactor was operated as a semi-batch system, handling a volume of 14.8 L and a hydraulic residence time (HRT) of 72 hours at 54 rpm with a constant flow rate. The results indicated an average degradation of 50.6% after an HRT of 72 hours, with a maximum degradation of 62%. Characterization results confirmed the effectiveness of the doping process, showing an aluminum concentration of 4.11% by mass in the catalyst, as determined by X-ray techniques. Overall, the doping process proved effective for the zinc oxide catalyst, as evidenced by a reduction in the catalyst bandgap from 3.37 eV for undoped ZnO to 3.08 eV for the doped version, making it sufficiently active under natural light.
The Origin(s) of Luca: Computer Simulation of a New Theory
Authors: Tang Shiping , Gao Ming
Published: October 2024

Carl Woese’s thesis of cellular evolution emphasized that the last universal common/cellular ancestor (LUCA) must have evolved by drawing from “global inventions”. Yet, existing theories regarding the origin(s) of LUCA have mostly centered upon scenarios that LUCA had evolved mostly independently. In an earlier paper, we have advanced a new thesis regarding the origin(s) of LUCA that extends Woese’s original insights. Our thesis centers upon the possibility that different vesicles and protocells can merge with and acquire each other as a form of variation, selection, and retention, driven by wet-and-dry cycles and other similar cyclical processes. In this paper, we use computer simulation to show that under a variety of simulated conditions, LUCA can indeed be produced by our proposed processes. We hope that our study can stimulate laboratory testing of some key hypotheses that vesicles’ absorption, acquisition, and merger has indeed been a central force in driving the evolution of LUCA.
Erysipelas in patients with classic Fabry disease
Authors: GERMAIN Dominique P. , BURLINA Alessandro P. , TRAN THI PHUONG Liên , N'GUYEN Thanh T. , PORTO VASCONCELOS Alice
Published: October 2024

Background: Fabry disease is a rare, X-linked, lysosomal disorder caused by pathogenic variants in GLA and consequent deficient activity of alpha-galactosidase A, resulting in glycosphingolipid storage. Although many systemic manifestations of the disease have been documented, the association between Fabry disease and erysipelas has not previously been reported.
Objective: To describe a case series of thirteen patients with Fabry disease and erysipelas and identify potential predisposing factors in this population.
Patients and Methods: We retrospectively studied a cohort of 223 French patients with a confirmed molecular and enzymatic diagnosis of Fabry disease.
Results: Twelve of the 223 patients with Fabry disease had experienced one or more episodes of erysipelas for a total of 70. All 12 patients had classic Fabry disease. There were ten males and two females, one of whom had highly skewed X chromosome inactivation silencing the wild type GLA allele. Lymphedema of the lower legs (10/11), male gender (10/12), and clinically advanced classic Fabry disease (11/12) were the characteristics identified in patients who experienced erysipelas. No patient with the later-onset form of Fabry disease had any episode of erysipelas.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that clinicians should be aware of the risk of erysipelas in patients with Fabry disease and promptly prevent or treat any skin wound or infection in those with lower limbs lymphedema.
Investigating the Influence of Body Mass Index on Organs at Risk Doses for Adjuvant HDR Vaginal Cuff Brachytherapy In Patients with Early Stage Endometrial Carcinoma
Authors: Kirsch-Mangu Alexandra Timea , Pop Diana Cristina , Tipcu Alexandru , Avasi Andrei Rares , Ordeanu Claudia , Coza Ovidiu Florin , Irimie Alexandru
Published: October 2024

Background: This study aims to investigate the influence of Body Mass Index (BMI) on the doses received by organs at risk (OAR) during high-dose-rate (HDR) vaginal cuff brachytherapy in pa-tients diagnosed with early-stage endometrial carcinoma. Understanding the relationship be-tween BMI and OAR doses could enhance treatment planning and minimize complications.
Methods: We collected brachytherapy data for 242 endometrial cancer patients treated with ad-juvant HDR vaginal cuff brachytherapy. The patients were categorized based on their BMI into normal weight, overweight, and obese groups. Dosimetric data were collected for OARs, includ-ing the bladder, rectum, and sigmoid colon and also for dose fractionation, D90 and the active length of the brachytherapy cylinder. The analysis included comparing the doses received by each organ across different BMI categories using appropriate statistical methods
Results: Preliminary findings indicated a significant variation in the doses to OARs correlating with BMI classifications. Obese patients exhibited slightly higher mean doses to the rectum and bladder compared to those with a normal BMI. The statistical analysis demonstrated that as BMI increased, the dose to these organs at risk also tended to increase, suggesting a need for ad-justed treatment planning strategies in this population.
Conclusions: Obesity is a key concern in endometrial cancer patients, with higher BMI linked to slightly increased doses to the rectum and sigmoid, though treatment remained homogeneously delivered.Future work should focus on refining dosimetric techniques and exploring strategies to mitigate OAR exposure in patients with higher BMI.
Sirtuin 1 and Hormonal Regulations in Aging
Authors: Keremidarska-Markova Milena , Sazdova Iliyana , Mladenov Mitko , Pilicheva Bissera , Zagorchev Plamen , Gagov Hristo
Published: October 2024

Aging affects structure and functions of all organs and systems in the organism. Significant changes in the hormonal levels are registered in elderly individuals. They often become a predisposition for chronic diseases, including cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and metabolic disorders. Therefore, immense scientific efforts are concentrated in the investigation of molecular mechanisms and drugs with potential to diminish the senescent hormonal changes. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a member of the sirtuin deacetylases family, has been extensively studied as regulator of multiple pathways related to antioxidant properties, optimal immune response and metabolism. SIRT1 plays a crucial role in regulating various hormonal pathways and maintaining homeostasis. In the present work we review the interplay between SIRT1 and hormonal regulations, including endocrine role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid, -adrenal, -gonadal, and -liver axes, of other endocrine glands and of non-endocrine tissues in aging body. The application of natural SIRT1 activators, such as resveratrol, curcumin, paeonol, and Buyang Huanwu Decoction, for treatment of senescence and aging is discussed. SIRT1 activators improve mitochondrial function, reduce oxidative stress, and promote longevity but their clinical application is limited by low bioavailability and poor permeability across biological barriers. For this reason, advanced delivery strategies, including nose-to-brain drug delivery and nanotechnology-based formulations, are reviewed.