bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ensuring HIV care to undocumented migrants in Israel: a public-private partnership case study
Authors: Chemtob Daniel , Rich Rivka , Harel Neta , Averick Nechama , Schwartzberg Eyal , Yust Israel , Maayan Shlomo , Grotto Itamar , Gamzu Ronni
Published: November 2019

Background

Undocumented migrants in Israel, mostly originating from HIV endemic countries, are not covered by Israel’s universal healthcare coverage. We initiated a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) to handle this public health and humanitarian challenge. The PPP venture included the Ministry of Health (MoH), pharmaceutical companies, pharmacies, and specialized HIV clinics, the Israeli HIV Medical Society (from the Israel Medical Association), and non-governmental organizations. This study describes the national policy process in conceptualizing and implementing access to HIV services for undocumented migrants through a PPP, and analyzes the preliminary results.

Methods

This case study describes the process of creating a temporary Public-Private Partnership to provide HIV care for undocumented migrants based on institutional records of the Department of Tuberculosis and AIDS (DTA) and memories and reflections from partners.

This case was analyzed according to the OECD-DAC criteria for development assistance (relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, sustainability and impact). Demographic and serological data of patients referred between 2014 to 2018 were collected to monitor progress. and analyze preliminary medical and biological outcomes. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ministry of Health.

Results

Creating a policy to extend HIV care to undocumented migrants was a 15 year process that confronted several challenges within Israeli and international discourse, particularly concerning governmental response to the migration crisis. The use of a PPP model involving numerous stakeholders provided a solid, local feasibility demonstration that extending HIV care as a matter of policy would have positive implications for public health in Israel. During the first 2 years of the program (2014–2015), the MoH funded medical follow-up and the pharmaceutical companies provided antiretroviral treatment (ART) free of charge for only 100 patients at any given time, in addition to ART provided by the MoH for pregnant women. Since 2016, the MoH has fully covered this service and integrated it within the Israeli health system; this constitutes the major success of the PPP program. As of December 2018, the national program has monitored 350 patients and treated 316 (90.3%). The most prevalent disease present upon referral was Tuberculosis.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this study documents the first example of a successful PPP with government partnership in a high-income country to address undocumented migrants’ lack of access to health services in general and HIV care in particular. In light of the intensification of North-South migration, this Israeli case study could be useful for other countries facing similar challenges. It also has lessons within Israel, as the country grapples with other health problems among uninsured communities.
Epidemiology of gastric cancer in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Danwang Celestin , Bigna Jean Joel
Published: November 2019

Background

Gastric cancer is actually known as the sixth most frequent cancer and the second cancer-related cause of death worldwide. If studies giving an overview of current epidemiology of gastric cancer in Europe, Asia, and the USA are available, in Africa, studies reporting recent data on gastric cancer are sparse. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim therefore to provide relevant data on contemporary epidemiology of gastric cancer in Africa in terms of prevalence, incidence, and case fatality rate.

Methods and design

We will include cohort, case-control, cross-sectional studies, and case series with more than 30 participants. EMBASE, PubMed, Africa Index Medicus, Africa Journals Online, and Web of Science will be searched for relevant abstracts of studies published and unpublished between January 1, 2000, and April 30, 2019, without language restriction. The review will be reported according to the MOOSE (Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guideline. After screening of abstracts, study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment, we shall assess the studies individually for clinical and statistical heterogeneity. Random-effect meta-analysis will be used to pool studies judged to be clinically homogenous. The Egger test and visual inspection of funnel plots will be used to assess publication bias.

Discussion

This review will provide relevant data on the current burden of gastric cancer in Africa.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO CRD42019130348.
From monitoring to action: utilising health survey data in national policy development and implementation in Finland
Authors: Kilpeläinen Katri , Koponen Päivikki , Tolonen Hanna , Koskinen Seppo , Borodulin Katja , Gissler Mika
Published: November 2019

Background

Health interview and examination surveys provide valuable information for policy, practice and research purposes. Appropriate use of high-quality, representative and timely population data can indirectly help the citizens to live healthier and longer lives. The aim of this study was to review how health survey data have supported health policy making, health research and everyday health care in Finland.

Methods

Data were collected by focused interviews with ten Finnish senior experts from the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, political parties, National Institute for Health and Welfare, universities, and health associations.

Results

Most interviewees agreed that health surveys have positively affected the health of the population over the past 50 years - through health strategies, care guidelines, legislation, research, prevention programs, risk calculators, and healthier products on the market. There is also a need for further development: the latest research results should be provided in a nutshell for politicians, and effective tools should be developed more for health care professionals’ use. The coverage of health information on children, adolescents, oldest old, disabled persons, migrants and ethnic minorities should be improved.

Conclusions

Sound health policy and its successful implementation require extensive national cooperation and new communication strategies between policy makers, researchers, health care professionals, health service providers - and citizens. The future health information system in Finland should better cover all population groups. To obtain more comprehensive health information, the possibilities for register linkages should be secured and register data should be further evaluated and developed to serve health monitoring purposes.
Vegetarian diets in childhood and adolescence
Authors: Rudloff Silvia , Bührer Christoph , Jochum Frank , Kauth Thomas , Kersting Mathilde , Körner Antje , Koletzko Berthold , Mihatsch Walter , Prell Christine , Reinehr Thomas , Zimmer Klaus-Peter
Published: November 2019

In Western countries, vegetarian diets are associated with lower intakes of energy, saturated fatty acids and animal protein and higher intakes of fibre and phytochemicals, compared to omnivorous diets. Whether the corresponding health benefits in vegetarians outweigh the risks of nutrient deficiencies has not been fully clarified. It should be noted that vegetarians often have a higher socioeconomic status, follow a more health-conscious lifestyle with higher physical activity, and refrain from smoking more often than non-vegetarians. The nutritional needs of growing children and adolescents can generally be met through a balanced, vegetable-based diet; however, due to their higher nutrient requirements per kilogramme of body weight, vegetarian children have a higher risk for developing nutrient deficiencies than adults. With a vegetarian diet, the mean intakes of some nutrients, such as the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are lower than in omnivores or those eating fish. For other nutrients, such as iron and zinc, the bioavailability from vegetable foodstuffs is reduced when the intake of phytates and fibre is high; thus, the prevalence of iron deficiency can be increased despite high vitamin C intake. In addition, vitamin B12 is only found in animal-source foods. Vitamin B12 should be supplemented in people of all age groups who follow a strict vegan diet without consuming animal products. A vegetarian diet in childhood and adolescence requires good information and supervision by a paediatrician, if necessary, in cooperation with an appropriately trained dietary specialist.
The “subluxation” issue: an analysis of chiropractic clinic websites
Authors: Marcon Alessandro R. , Murdoch Blake , Caulfield Timothy
Published: November 2019

Background

Vertebral subluxation theories are controversial in chiropractic. Divisions are evident in the chiropractic community among those who align their practices to subluxation theories and those who do not. This study investigated how many clinics offering chiropractic in the Canadian province of Alberta promote a theory of subluxation, which health ailments or improvements were linked to subluxation, and whether the subluxation discourse was used to promote chiropractic for particular demographics.

Methods

Using the search engine on the Canadian Chiropractic Associations’ website, we made a list of all clinics in Alberta. We then used Google searches to obtain a URL for each clinic with a website, totalling 324 URLs for 369 clinics. We then searched on each website for “subluxation” and performed content analysis on the related content.

Results

One hundred twenty-one clinics’ websites (33%) presented a theory of vertebral subluxation. The health ailments and improvements discussed in relation to subluxation were wide-ranging. An observed trend was the marketing of chiropractic for children, which was observed on 29 clinic websites (8%).

Conclusions

Based on the controversy surrounding vertebral subluxation, the substantial number of clinic websites aligning their practice with vertebral subluxation should cause concern for regulatory bodies.
Perioperative anesthetic management for cesarean delivery of severe Wilson’s disease with liver failure: a case report
Authors: Saito Kana , Onishi Eiko , Itagaki Jun , Toda Noriko , Haitani Azusa , Yamauchi Masanori
Published: November 2019

Background

Wilson’s disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder affecting copper metabolism, which presents liver and brain dysfunction caused by abnormal copper accumulation. We report a patient who showed exacerbation of liver failure during pregnancy.

Case presentation

A 24-year-old woman with Wilson’s disease was scheduled for emergency cesarean delivery at 30 weeks of gestation. The patient exhibited severe coagulopathy and prominent body weight gain (+ 30 kg) caused by systemic edema and ascites. We decided to perform emergency cesarean delivery under general anesthesia. We used platelet concentrates, cryoprecipitate, and fibrinogen concentrate. Intraoperative hemorrhage was well controlled. On the 15th postpartum day, weight was reduced by 20 kg and liver function had improved. She and her baby were discharged without complications.

Conclusions

The appropriate continued treatment of Wilson’s disease and supplementation of coagulation factors and/or platelets when indicated greatly increase the likelihood of a successful pregnancy, even in patients with liver failure exacerbation.
The gut microbiome of horses: current research on equine enteral microbiota and future perspectives
Authors: Kauter Anne , Epping Lennard , Semmler Torsten , Antao Esther-Maria , Kannapin Dania , Stoeckle Sabita D. , Gehlen Heidrun , Lübke-Becker Antina , Günther Sebastian , Wieler Lothar H. , Walther Birgit
Published: November 2019

Understanding the complex interactions of microbial communities including bacteria, archaea, parasites, viruses and fungi of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) associated with states of either health or disease is still an expanding research field in both, human and veterinary medicine. GIT disorders and their consequences are among the most important diseases of domesticated Equidae, but current gaps of knowledge hinder adequate progress with respect to disease prevention and microbiome-based interventions. Current literature on enteral microbiomes mirrors a vast data and knowledge imbalance, with only few studies tackling archaea, viruses and eukaryotes compared with those addressing the bacterial components.

Until recently, culture-dependent methods were used for the identification and description of compositional changes of enteral microorganisms, limiting the outcome to cultivatable bacteria only. Today, next generation sequencing technologies provide access to the entirety of genes (microbiome) associated with the microorganisms of the equine GIT including the mass of uncultured microbiota, or “microbial dark matter”.

This review illustrates methods commonly used for enteral microbiome analysis in horses and summarizes key findings reached for bacteria, viruses and fungi so far. Moreover, reasonable possibilities to combine different explorative techniques are described. As a future perspective, knowledge expansion concerning beneficial compositions of microorganisms within the equine GIT creates novel possibilities for early disorder diagnostics as well as innovative therapeutic approaches. In addition, analysis of shotgun metagenomic data enables tracking of certain microorganisms beyond species barriers: transmission events of bacteria including pathogens and opportunists harboring antibiotic resistance factors between different horses but also between humans and horses will reach new levels of depth concerning strain-level distinctions.
Advance statements in adult mental healthcare: an update
Authors: Jankovic Jelena , Richards Felicity , Berrisford Giles , Priebe Stefan
Published: November 2019

In this article we re-examine the conclusions of our article on advance statements in adult mental healthcare that was published in 2010 in the light of new literature published in the intervening decade. We explore the results of studies on the implementation and effectiveness of advance statements in adult mental health services, and then summarise recommendations for legislative changes from the Independent Review of the Mental Health Act 1983 that are relevant for England and Wales.
Histrelin Implantation and Growth Outcomes in Children With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: An Institutional Experience
Authors: Swendiman Robert A , Coons Barbara E , Alter Craig A , Bamba Vaneeta , Nance Michael L , Vogiatzi Maria G
Published: November 2019

Background

Children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) because of 21 hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) are at risk for early or precocious puberty and a short adult height compared to population means and midparental height. The effect of histrelin in suppressing puberty and improving growth in these children has not been reported.

Methods

Retrospective cohort analysis of all patients (age ≤ 20) at our institution who underwent histrelin implantation between 2008 and 2017. Treated patients with CAH (classic and nonclassic forms of 21OHD) were identified and their growth data analyzed.

Results

Fifteen children with CAH were treated with histrelin for a median of 3 years (range 2–5; age at first implantation 7.7 ± 1.5 years). Bone age (BA) to chronologic age (CA) decreased from 1.57 ± 0.4 to 1.25 ± 0.25 (P < .01), while predicted adult height (PAH) increased by 7.1 ± 6.6 cm (P < .01). A subgroup of 10 children reached adult height. Similar changes in BA/CA and PAH were observed with therapy (P = .02). Adult height z improved compared to pretreatment PAH z (–1.42 ± 0.9 vs. –1.96 ± 1.1 respectively, P < .01), but remained lower than midparental height z (P = .01).

Conclusion

In this retrospective cohort study of children with CAH due to 21OHD and early or precocious puberty, histrelin implantation resulted in a decrease in BA progression compared to CA and an improvement in PAH. In the subgroup who completed growth, adult height remained significantly lower than midparental. These results need to be confirmed with prospective controlled studies.
Trends in Central Venous Catheter Insertions by Anesthesia Providers: An Analysis of the Medicare Physician Supplier Procedure Summary From 2007 to 2016
Authors: Rubin Daniel S. , Apfelbaum Jeffrey L. , Tung Avery
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND:

Central line insertion is a core skill for anesthesiologists. Although recent technical advances have increased the safety of central line insertion and reduced the risk of central line–associated infection, noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring and improved intravenous access techniques have also reduced the need for perioperative central venous access. We hypothesized that the number of central lines inserted by anesthesiologists has decreased over the past decade. To test our hypothesis, we reviewed the Medicare Physician Supplier Procedure Summary (PSPS) database from 2007 to 2016.

METHODS:

Claims for central venous catheter placement were identified in the Medicare PSPS database for nontunneled and tunneled central lines. Pulmonary artery catheter insertion was included as a nontunneled line claim. We stratified line insertion claims by specialty for Anesthesiology (including Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists and Anesthesiology Assistants), Surgery, Radiology, Pulmonary/Critical Care, Emergency Physicians, Internal Medicine, and practitioners who were not anesthesia providers such as Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs) and Physician Assistants (PAs). Utilization rates per 10,000 Medicare beneficiaries were then calculated by specialty and year. Time-based trends were analyzed using Joinpoint linear regression, and the Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) was calculated.

RESULTS:

Between 2007 and 2016, total claims for central venous catheter insertions of all types decreased from 440.9 to 325.3 claims/10,000 beneficiaries (AAPC = −3.4, 95% confidence interval [CI], −3.6 to −3.2: P < .001). When analyzed by provider specialty and year, the number of nontunneled line insertion claims fell from 43.1 to 15.9 claims/10,000 (AAPC = −7.1; −7.3 to −7.0: P < .001) for surgeons, from 21.3 to 18.5 claims/10,000 (AAPC = −2.5; −2.8 to −2.1: P < .001) for radiologists, and from 117.4 to 72.7 claims/10,000 (AAPC = −5.2; 95% CI, −6.3 to −4.0: P < .001) for anesthesia providers. In contrast, line insertions increased from 18.2 to 26.0 claims/10,000 (AAPC = 3.2; 2.3–4.2: P < .001) for Emergency Physicians and from 3.2 to 9.3 claims/10,000 (AAPC = 6.0; 5.1–6.9: P < .001) for PAs and APNs who were not anesthesia providers. Among anesthesia providers, the share of line claims made by nurse anesthetists increased by 14.5% over the time period.

CONCLUSIONS:

We observed a 38.3% decrease in claims for nontunneled central lines placed by anesthesiologists from 2007 to 2016. These findings have implications for anesthesiology resident training and maintenance of competence among practicing clinicians. Further research is needed to clarify the effect of decreasing line insertion numbers on line insertion competence among anesthesiologists.
An in vitro compartmental system underlines the contribution of mitochondrial immobility to the ATP supply in the NMJ
Authors: Altman Topaz , Geller Danielle , Kleeblatt Elisabeth , Gradus-Perry Tal , Perlson Eran
Published: November 2019

The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the largest, most-complex synapse in the human body. Motor neuron (MN) diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), specifically target MNs and the NMJs. However, little is known about the reasons for MN-selective neuronal and synaptic vulnerability in MN diseases. Here, utilizing a compartmental microfluidic in vitro co-culture system, we provide a possible explanation for why the NMJ, other than its unusual dimensions, differs from other synapses. By using live-imaging techniques, we discovered that cultured MNs display higher axonal and synaptic mitochondrial immobility compared with sympathetic neurons (SNs), leading to a profound enrichment of mitochondria only in the MN NMJ. Furthermore, by employing a synaptic ATP sensor, we show that mitochondrial respiration is the key contributor to ATP production in MN NMJs but not in SN synapses. Taken together, our data suggest that mitochondrial localization underlies the unique and specific qualities of MN NMJs. Our findings shed light on the role of mitochondria in MN and NMJ maintenance, and possibly indicate how mitochondria may serve as a source for selective MN vulnerability in neurodegenerative diseases.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Neutrophil phagocyte oxidase activity controls invasive fungal growth and inflammation in zebrafish
Authors: Schoen Taylor J. , Rosowski Emily E. , Knox Benjamin P. , Bennin David , Keller Nancy P. , Huttenlocher Anna
Published: November 2019

Neutrophils are primary phagocytes of the innate immune system that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mediate host defense. Deficient phagocyte NADPH oxidase (PHOX) function leads to chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) that is characterized by invasive infections, including those by the generally non-pathogenic fungus Aspergillus nidulans. The role of neutrophil ROS in this specific host–pathogen interaction remains unclear. Here, we exploit the optical transparency of zebrafish to image the effects of neutrophil ROS on invasive fungal growth and neutrophil behavior in response to Aspergillus nidulans. In a wild-type host, A. nidulans germinates rapidly and elicits a robust inflammatory response with efficient fungal clearance. PHOX-deficient larvae have increased susceptibility to invasive A. nidulans infection despite robust neutrophil infiltration. Expression of subunit p22phox (officially known as CYBA), specifically in neutrophils, does not affect fungal germination but instead limits the area of fungal growth and excessive neutrophil inflammation and is sufficient to restore host survival in p22phox-deficient larvae. These findings suggest that neutrophil ROS limits invasive fungal growth and has immunomodulatory activities that contribute to the specific susceptibility of PHOX-deficient hosts to invasive A. nidulans infection.
Mammalian TRP ion channels are insensitive to membrane stretch
Authors: Nikolaev Yury A. , Cox Charles D. , Ridone Pietro , Rohde Paul R. , Cordero-Morales Julio F. , Vásquez Valeria , Laver Derek R. , Martinac Boris
Published: November 2019

TRP channels of the transient receptor potential ion channel superfamily are involved in a wide variety of mechanosensory processes, including touch sensation, pain, blood pressure regulation, bone loading and detection of cerebrospinal fluid flow. However, in many instances it is unclear whether TRP channels are the primary transducers of mechanical force in these processes. In this study, we tested stretch activation of eleven TRP channels from six mammalian subfamilies. We found that these TRP channels were insensitive to short membrane stretches in cellular systems. Furthermore, we purified TRPC6 and demonstrated its insensitivity to stretch in liposomes, an artificial bilayer system free from cellular components. Additionally, we demonstrated that, when expressed in C. elegans neurons, mouse TRPC6 restores the mechanoresponse of a touch insensitive mutant but requires diacylglycerol for activation. These results strongly suggest that the mammalian members of the TRP ion channel family are insensitive to tension induced by cell membrane stretching and, thus, are more likely to be activated by cytoplasmic tethers or downstream components and to act as amplifiers of cellular mechanosensory signaling cascades.
The utility and determination of Pcrit in fishes
Authors: Ultsch Gordon R. , Regan Matthew D.
Published: November 2019

The critical O2 tension (Pcrit) is the lowest PO2 at which an animal can maintain some benchmark rate of O2 uptake (ṀO2). This PO2 has long served as a comparator of hypoxia tolerance in fishes and aquatic invertebrates, but its usefulness in this role, particularly when applied to fishes, has recently been questioned. We believe that Pcrit remains a useful comparator of hypoxia tolerance provided it is determined using the proper methods and hypoxia tolerance is clearly defined. Here, we review the available methods for each of the three steps of Pcrit determination: (1) measuring the most appropriate benchmark ṀO2 state for Pcrit determination (ṀO2,std, the ṀO2 required to support standard metabolic rate); (2) reducing water PO2; and (3) calculating Pcrit from the ṀO2 versus PO2 curve. We make suggestions on best practices for each step and for how to report Pcrit results to maximize their comparative value. We also discuss the concept of hypoxia tolerance and how Pcrit relates to a fish's overall hypoxia tolerance. When appropriate methods are used, Pcrit provides useful comparative physiological and ecological information about the aerobic contributions to a fish's hypoxic survival. When paired with other hypoxia-related physiological measurements (e.g. lactate accumulation, calorimetry-based measurements of metabolic depression, loss-of-equilibrium experiments), Pcrit contributes to a comprehensive understanding of how a fish combines aerobic metabolism, anaerobic metabolism and metabolic depression in an overall strategy for hypoxia tolerance.
Lymph Node Positivity in One-Step Nucleic Acid Amplification is a Prognostic Factor for Postoperative Cancer Recurrence in Patients with Stage II Colorectal Cancer: A Prospective, Multicenter Study
Authors: Itabashi Michio , Yamamoto Hirofumi , Tomita Naohiro , Inomata Masafumi , Murata Kohei , Hayashi Shigeoki , Miyake Yasuhiro , Igarashi Seiji , Kato Takeshi , Noura Shingo , Furuhata Tomohisa , Ozawa Heita , Takemasa Ichiro , Yasui Masayoshi , Takeyama Hiroshi , Okamura Shu , Ohno Yuko , Matsuura Nariaki
Published: November 2019

Background

For colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, the standard histological lymph node (LN) evaluation has low sensitivity. Our previously developed one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA™) assay measures cytokeratin 19 gene expression in whole LNs. We recently showed that 17.6% of pN0 stage II CRC patients were OSNA positive, suggesting a correlation between OSNA results and disease recurrence. This multicenter, prospective study investigateed the prognostic value of the OSNA assay for pStage II CRC patients.

Methods

We examined 204 CRC patients who were preoperatively diagnosed as cN0 and cN1 and surgically treated at 11 medical institutions across Japan. Nine patients were excluded, and 195 patients (Stage I: n = 50, Stage II: n = 70, Stage III: n = 75) were examined. All LNs, harvested from patients, were examined histopathologically using one-slice hematoxylin–eosin staining. Furthermore, half of the LNs was examined by the OSNA assay. Patients were classified according to the UICC staging criteria and OSNA results, and the 3-year, disease-free survival (DFS) of each cohort was analyzed.

Results

Average 21.2 LNs/patient were subject to pathological examination. Approximately half of all harvested LNs (average, 9.4 LNs/patient) were suitable for the OSNA assay. Significantly lower 3-year DFS rates were observed in pStage (pathological Stage) II OSNA-positive patients than in OSNA-negative patients (p = 0.005). Among all assessed clinical and pathological parameters, only the OSNA result significantly affected 3-year DFS rates in pStage II CRC patients (p = 0.027).

Conclusions

This study shows that OSNA positivity is a risk factor for recurrence of the patients with pStage II CRC.
The Use of Human Voice and Speech in Language Technologies: The EU and Russian Intellectual Property Law Perspectives
Authors: Ilin Ilya , Kelli Aleksei
Published: November 2019

The article evaluates whether the Russian and EU copyright laws are mutually consistent in their treatment of voice and speech when used as input to the development of language technologies. The discussion is aimed at determining whether there are potential obstacles and legal risks in this regard for co-operation between language-technology developers from Russia and the EU, which could have an adverse impact on such collaboration.
Reforms of the Criminal Sanctions System in Germany – Achievements and Unresolved Problems
Authors: Dünkel Frieder
Published: November 2019

The German criminal sanctions system has witnessed major law reforms in the last 50 years in expanding fines (which have replaced short-term imprisonment) and introducing suspended sentences either with or without the supervision of the Probation Service. The reforms of the 1960s–1980s have been a success and (in combination with the expansion of diversion schemes for minor crimes) have contributed to achieving one of the lowest prison population rates in Europe. However, further reforms are necessary – in particular, with regard to the large number of people serving a prison sentence for defaulting on fines. Germany has, for good reason, restricted electronic monitoring to the very few cases of dangerous offenders (convicted for violent or sexual crimes) who have had to be released after having served their sentence in full or have been released from psychiatric institutions or after other preventive deprivation of liberty.
Die strafrechtliche Verantwortung der juristischen Person: Rechtsvergleichende Überlegungen zwischen Finnland und Estland
Authors: Lahti Raimo
Published: November 2019

Applying a comparative perspective, the paper examines questions related to corporate criminal responsibility in Finland and Estonia. Corporate criminal liability was introduced in 1995 in Finland and in 2001 in Estonia, via regulations implemented in conjunction with comprehensive reform to the penal codes of these countries. Both the legislation and the legal practices of the two manifest many similarities, partly in principle and partly de facto. However, differences can be noticed – i.a., in the ways in which allocation of the individual’s criminal liability for organisational crime is regulated, alongside how the maximum sentences and the determination of punishments are regulated.
Superior Responsibility in Estonian Criminal Law and its Compliance with International Law
Authors: Parmas Andres
Published: November 2019

If a domestic criminal-law system is to be equipped to operate in conformity with the underlying idea of complementarity that is among the International Criminal Court’s underpinnings, it is vital that, amongst other aspects of general principles of responsibility, the superior responsibility doctrine be transposed into domestic law properly. Accordingly, the paper deconstructs Art. 88 (1) of the Estonian Penal Code, which stipulates the superior responsibility concept in the Estonian legal system, for the purpose of assessing whether it exhibits compliance with customary international law on superior responsibility or Art. 28 of the Rome Statute. The analysis presented reveals considerable differences between the Estonian regulatory scheme and relevant international norms: it appears that there are several respects in which Estonian regulation does not meet the international standard and, hence, large lacunae are to be found in Estonian law on superior responsibility. For this reason, the article concludes with a recommendation that Estonian regulation of superior responsibility be complemented in such a way that it is rendered consistent with international law – specifically, with the requirements of Art. 28 of the Rome Statute – while simultaneously taking into consideration the demands stemming from Estonian criminal-law dogmatics, especially the guilt principle.
Criminal Liability of Third Parties with Regard to Free-Responsible Suicide: New Developments in the German Jurisdiction
Authors: Lorenz Henning
Published: November 2019

The German Federal Court of Justice’s 7.3.2019 judgement on questions of criminal liability of third parties with regard to free-responsible suicide offers a good opportunity to change the restrictive Wittig jurisdiction from 1984 and point in a liberal direction. The tremendous importance of self-determination indicates the impunity of third parties involved in a free-responsible suicide in which the final killing act is controlled by the person who is tired of life. This result gets confirmed by new legislation in the German Civil Code and earlier judgements in cases of euthanasia.
Gamification As a Method of Developing Innovative Culture of Personnel
Authors: Garnova Ya. , Romashova I.
Published: November 2019

This article discusses the role of gamifi cation as the hr-tool for the development of the company’s innovation culture, which plays a crucial role in the process of generation, introduction and implementation of innovations in production activities, defi nes such a concept as “personnel innovation culture” and reveals its main elements. The effi ciency of using the gamifi cation process is analyzed in accordance with the main characteristics of the company’s innovative personnel, the essence and functions of gamifi cation in terms of staff motivation and motivation are explained. The structure of the gamifi cation process, the stages of development of this process and the formulation of business games are examined, the experience of Russian companies in introducing gamifi cation into the management process is analyzed.
Staffing of Local Authorities: Key Problems and Prospects of Development
Authors: Rogach O. , Frolova E.
Published: November 2019

Personnel support of local governments is one of the most signifi cant factors of the socio-economic development of the territory, optimization of management activities, and building public confi dence in the government. The purpose of this work is to analyze the key parameters of staffi ng of local administrations, identifying their specifi city in various types of municipalities, interpreting the “problem areas” of managing the professional development of municipal personnel. In their work, the authors relied on general scientifi c research methods. The leading research method was the survey of experts — heads of local authorities. Objective restrictions on the eff ective staffi ng of local governments in the Russian Federation are insuffi cient staff numbers, an overestimated amount of work, low wages, and a shortage of local budgets. Additional risk factors are gaps in the system of motivation of municipal employees, signifi cant limitations on the prospects for their career growth, the low prestige of this type of professional activity, the dysfunction of advanced training and retraining of municipal employees. The survey results showed the prevalence of negative assessments of professional competencies and personal characteristics of municipal employees.
#politicallyincorrect: The Pejoration of Political Language
Authors: Balcazar Ashley
Published: November 2019

How is the term â€œpolitical correctnessâ€ understood in the context of modern American politics, particularly in the context of the 2016 election? More specifically, what triggers perceived offensiveness in political language? At the crux of the matter is the distinction between oneself or oneâ€™s social group, those perceived as â€œthe other,â€ and what one is and is not allowed to say in a social forum. This study aims to analyze common language usage and identify factors contributing to the offensification of political language in social media and the types of language in social media that trigger a sense of political outrage. We examine Facebook and Twitter memes, using API searches referring directly to the terms â€œPCâ€ or â€œpolitically correct.â€ Dedoose, a text content-analysis package is used to identify recurring themes in online interactions that are used to criticize perceived political enemies. Results show that themes primarily related to â€œfeminismâ€ and â€œredneckâ€ reflect cross-cutting cleavages in the political landscape primarily related to Hillary Clintonâ€™s candidacy. We also identify significant cleavages in racial identity and quantify these statistically. Our results compliment other recent studies which aim to gauge the impact of social media on political and social polarization.
The Effects of Emotional Abuse and Neglect in Adulthood
Authors: Jimenez Alyssa
Published: November 2019

Are neglected and maltreated children more likely to have homicidal tendencies? There are many studies thatshow how sexual abuse and physical abuse can lead to domestic and sexual violence as an adult but not manystudies have shown how verbal abuse or emotional maltreatment can lead to having homicidal tendencies. Inthis study I will show how emotional abuse can cause children to have cognitive deficits that prevent them frommaking correct, moral decisions in adulthood.
Addressing the Mental Health Needs of Post-Secondary Students: Considerations for College Administration
Authors: Talley Jordan M.
Published: November 2019

Anxiety and depression are the leading causes for diminished performance and quality of life for students in their post-secondary academic career. The effects range from poor grades and dropping out to substance misuse and even suicide amongst members of student bodies nationwide. Students who are unaware of resources available to them are at risk of having these issues exacerbated over time. It is the responsibility of college administrations to prepare students for a life after college and, therefore, must enhance the treatment services and education of said services to the student bodies as a whole to alleviate these problems and to attempt to deter falling retention rates and potential tragedies on campuses.
Ensino sobre dermatite associada à incontinência subsidiado pela metodologia da problematização
Authors: Sokem Jaqueline Aparecida Santos , Bergamaschi Fabiana Perez Rodrigues , Watanabe Elaine Aparecida Mye Takamatu
Published: November 2019

Objetivo: avaliar de modo formativo um processo de intervenção educativa sobre dermatite associada à incontinência com profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital público. Método: estudo de intervenção educativa, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado em 2017, com sete profissionais da equipe de enfermagem do setor de clínica médica, de um hospital universitário da Região Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Investigada amostra não probabilística por conveniência. Os encontros foram gravados na sua totalidade em áudio e para tratamento dos dados utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Estudo aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: nos depoimentos foram identificadas as seguintes categorias temáticas: curiosidade epistemológica, pesquisa/investigaçao, avaliação e alegria. Conclusão: os participantes relataram ter compreendido o tema, bem como afirmaram que a condução dos encontros oorreu de forma eficiente, alegre e dinâmica. Destaca-se que os profissionais realizaram discussão sobre o problema, mobilizando o grupo para reflexão e mudança das práticas de cuidados em saúde.
TUTORIA COM AGENTES INTELIGENTES NA EDUCAÇÃO ONLINE
Authors: Guerreiro Aníbal , Melaré Vieira Barros Daniela , Morgado Lina
Published: November 2019

A evolução tecnológica, particularmente a Inteligência Artificial, tem contribuído significativamente para mudanças relevantes em quase todas as dimensões da nossa sociedade, nomeadamente na Educação e, consequentemente, no Ensino à Distância. Tais mudanças exigem transformações significativas, especialmente no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, de forma a minimizar a incapacidade dos docentes e tutores responderem na totalidade às solicitações de suporte por parte dos alunos e, por isso, a enorme necessidade de potenciar as tecnologias existentes, com o objetivo de minorar essa dificuldade. Este artigo tem como objetivo caracterizar os agentes inteligentes e a sua importância pedagógica para a tutoria na educação online. A metodologia utilizada baseou-se no método dedutivo, resultante do processo de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, em consonância com a investigação de doutoramento em curso sobre a temática dos tutores inteligentes. Como resultados, a literatura especializada tem destacado a enorme vantagem da utilização dos agentes inteligentes no ensino superior online.
ATIVISMO NO ENSINO DE INGLÊS: APRENDENDO EM REDE
Authors: Semblano Gonçalves Eloisa Fatima Figueiredo , Bastos Oswald Maria Luiza Magalhães , Santos Pinto Carla Sena dos
Published: November 2019

O artigo versa sobre experiências de jovens mediadas por tecnologias digitais em rede e as táticas praticadas por estes para o aprendizado do inglês. Inicialmente, são analisadas mudanças na organização da sociedade ocorridas com o surgimento e popularização dos processos comunicacionais digitais. Em seguida, são apresentadas oficinas realizadas como procedimento metodológico escolhido para o desenvolvimento do estudo. As oficinas mostraram que o trabalho com o celular e o uso de diferentes aplicativos potencializam os modos de aprender e ensinar na era da conectividade. Os achados da pesquisa revelam que mobilidade, ubiquidade e conectividade estão diretamente ligadas às formas de ensinar e aprender inglês propiciam autoria e a tessitura colaborativa de conhecimentos.
Duty senior nurse and unit coordinator roles in terms of burnout: a survey
Authors: McArdle Simon , Sherring Simon , Adzinku Francis , Nazzal Mazen
Published: November 2019

Background/Aims:

Stress-related burnout among nursing staff has been found to negatively affect their attitude and to impact patient satisfaction and mortality. The aim of this article was to study stress-related burnout among duty senior nurses and unit coordinators.

Methods:

An electronic survey was sent to all duty senior nurses/unit coordinators (n=50) at one London Mental Health Trust. A total of 27 duty senior nurses/unit coordinators responded (54% response rate).

Results:

Age and number of years in clinical practice were protective factors against stress-related burnout in staff acting as Senior Duty Nurses or Unit Coordinators.

Conclusion:

Further training, staff support and better coordination with the police are some of the areas that need addressing to support staff in the role and to improve service delivery.
The role of antimicrobials in management of periodontal diseases
Authors: Firdaus Bilawal Aziz , Sharma Praveen , Milward Michael
Published: November 2019

With the looming threat posed by antimicrobial resistance, appropriate prescribing of antimicrobials, including antibiotics, is increasingly relevant. In this article, the reasons why antimicrobial therapy is not the mainstay of treatment for most patients with periodontitis will be explored. Some specific exceptions to this rule will also be investigated, including why such exceptions exist. In addition, the protocols for periodontal and antimicrobial therapy to maximize the treatment response when adjuvant antimicrobials are used will be presented.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article highlights the need for appropriate prescribing within dentistry as a whole and specifically when it comes to the management of periodontal diseases, where antimicrobials do not form the mainstay of treatment, with some exceptions.
Managing the consequences of periodontal diseases/treatment: gingival recession
Authors: Bahal Priya , Malhi Meenakshi , Shah Sajni , Ide Mark
Published: November 2019

Gingival recession is a widespread clinical finding that can lead to discomfort, root caries and periodontal problems for some patients, yet be of no consequence for others. There are certain factors which may increase the risk of significant recession, and likewise a range of management strategies exist. The causes, identification, risk factors and treatment options for recession are discussed. This will allow the practitioner to recognize the most suitable treatment options in conjunction with the patient, following an informed discussion and, if appropriate, refer for further care.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Whilst gingival recession may be nothing more than a minor inconvenience for some patients, in certain cases it can present a significant problem for patients requiring professional interventions including surgery. This article summarizes the aetiology, diagnosis and management options available.
How to create a sense of calm this Christmas
Authors: Mainstone-Cotton Sonia
Published: November 2019

Young children's excitement can accelerate alarmingly in the festive run-up. It is therefore important that practitioners focus on their own well-being to ensure everyone enjoys themselves.
Turning down the heat
Authors: Rook Olivia
Published: November 2019

Reducing your carbon footprint in the winter months can be particularly challenging. Find out how nurseries are using creative ways to do it and inspiring their children and staff in the process.
Montessori today
Authors: Isaacs Barbara
Published: November 2019

Montessori practice this year reached its one hundred year milestone in the UK, marked by many celebrations, including a special garden at the Chelsea Flower Show. In this extract from her book, Understanding the Montessori Approach, Barbara Isaacs highlights its enduring strengths and appeal.
Brrr-illiant books
Authors: Harris Judith
Published: November 2019

Christmas is the perfect time of year to teach children the importance of helping others and sharing. The books of Raymond Briggs are a fantastic resource for instilling children with these values during the festive period.
Biomodulation induced by fluorescent light energy versus standard of care in venous leg ulcers: a retrospective study
Authors: Dini Valentina , Janowska Agata , Davini Giulia , Kerihuel Jean-Charles , Fauverghe Stéphane , Romanelli Marco
Published: November 2019

Objective:

The recently completed EUREKA study confirmed the efficacy and safety profile of fluorescent light energy (FLE) in treating hard-to-heal wounds. To supplement the EUREKA prospective, observational, uncontrolled trial results, researchers selected one of the EUREKA clinical centres to conduct a retrospective analysis of matching wound care data for 46 venous leg ulcers (VLU) patients who had received standard wound care over a five-year period, compared with 10 EUREKA VLU subjects.

Method:

The study centre selected 46 patients with VLUs based on the matching criteria (wound age and size, patient's age and gender). They compared the healing rates of these matching VLUs with 10 VLU patients treated at the same centre during the EUREKA study.

Results:

The EUREKA patients had larger and significantly older wounds (p<0.05) and significantly more risk factors (p<0.05) than the matching wounds. However, they had better outcomes (EUREKA: 40% versus matching group: 7% for full wound closure by 16 weeks). No wound breakdown was observed at 16 weeks in the EUREKA group, compared with 25% in the matching group. No EUREKA patient developed infections requiring antibiotics, compared with 37% in the matching group. EUREKA wounds had a mean relative wound area regression (RWAR) of 32% at week six and 50% at week 16, compared with −3% at week six and −6% at week 16 for the matching group.

Conclusion:

These findings show that the system based on FLE was well-tolerated and efficacious, with better clinical outcome results compared with the wounds analysed in this retrospective matching study and treated with standard of care alone.