bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Presence of concurrent sarcoid-like granulomas indicates better survival in cancer patients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Murthi Mukunthan , Yoshioka Keiichiro , Cho Jeong Hee , Arias Sixto , Danna Elio , Zaw Moe , Holt Greg , Tatsumi Koichiro , Kawasaki Takeshi , Mirsaeidi Mehdi
Published: October 2020

Introduction

An increased risk of sarcoidosis and sarcoid-like reactions in subjects with a history of malignancy has been suggested. We assessed the incidence and clinical characteristics of cancer patients with biopsies containing sarcoid-like granulomas on cancer metastasis and patient survival.

Methods

This is a retrospective, multicentre, observational study involving endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial needle aspiration and a melanoma patient dataset at the University of Miami, USA, and a sarcoidosis patient database at Chiba University, Japan. Subjects with a confirmed diagnosis of cancer and who subsequently developed granulomas in different organs were enrolled. The study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03844698).

Results

133 patients met the study's criteria. The most common primary cancer sites were the skin (22.5%), breast (20.3%) and lymph node (12.8%). 24 (18%) patients developed sarcoid-like granulomas within 1 year of cancer diagnosis, 54 (40.6%) between 1 and 5 years and 49 (36.8%) after 5 years. Imaging showed possible sarcoid-like granulomas in lymph nodes in 51 cases (38.3%) and lung tissue and mediastinal lymph nodes in 73 cases (54.9%); some parenchymal reticular opacity and fibrosis was found in 5 (3.7%) and significant parenchymal fibrosis in 2 (1.5%) subjects. According to logistic regression analysis, the frequency of metastatic cancer was significantly lower in patients with sarcoid-like granulomas than in controls. Moreover, multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis showed a significant survival advantage in those with sarcoid-like granuloma.

Conclusion

Sarcoid-like granulomas are uncommon pathology findings in cancer patients. There is a significant association between the presence of granulomas and reduced metastasis and increased survival. Further study is warranted to understand the protective mechanism involved.
Beneficial effects of adenotonsillectomy in children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Liguoro Ilaria , Arigliani Michele , Singh Bethany , Van Geyzel Lisa , Chakravorty Subarna , Bossley Cara , Pelidis Maria , Rees David , Inusa Baba P.D. , Gupta Atul
Published: October 2020

Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T&A) is frequently performed in children with sickle cell disease (SCD). Our aim was to evaluate the impact of this surgery on overnight oxygenation and rates of complications in these patients.

Children with SCD who underwent T&A between 2008 and 2014 in two tertiary hospitals were retrospectively evaluated. Overnight oximetry and admission rates due to vaso-occlusive pain episodes (VOEs) and acute chest syndrome (ACS) in the year preceding and following the surgery were compared.

19 patients (10 males, 53%) with a median age of 6 years (range 3.5–8) were included. A significant increase of mean overnight arterial oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry (SpO2) (from 93±3.6% to 95.3±2.8%, p=0.001), nadirSpO2(from 83.0±7.1% to 88±4.1%, p=0.004) and a reduction of 3% oxygen desaturation index (from a median value of 5.7 to 1.8, p=0.003) were shown. The mean annual rate of ACS decreased from 0.6±1.22 to 0.1±0.2 events per patient-year (p=0.003), while the mean cumulative rate of hospitalisations for all causes and the incidence of VOEs were not affected.

T&A improved nocturnal oxygenation and was also associated with a reduction in the incidence of ACS at 1-year follow-up after surgery.
Prediction of lung function and lung density of young adults who had bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Santema Helger Y. , Stolk Jan , Los Mady , Stoel Berend C. , Tsonaka Roula , Merth Istvan T.
Published: October 2020

COPD risk is jointly determined by fetal lung development, lung growth rate and lung growth duration leading to the maximally attained level of lung function in early adulthood. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is considered a developmental arrest of alveolarisation. Long-term outcome studies of adult survivors born before the introduction of surfactant therapy (“old BPD”) showed impaired lung function. We aimed to predict adult lung function and lung density in a cohort of premature infants born in the surfactant era, representing “new BPD”.

We studied a cohort of young adults born between 1987 and 1998, with (n=36) and without (n=28) BPD, treated in a single centre. Their perinatal characteristics and pulmonary function in infancy were studied by regression analysis for correlation with adult lung function and tissue lung density, all expressed by z-scores, at a mean age of 19.7±1.1 and 21±2.2 years, respectively.

Although BPD adults had on average lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s (zFEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) and zFEV1than those without, 55% of the BPD group had zFEV1/FVC values above the lower limit of normal (LLN). Moreover, above LLN values of diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (zDLCO) was present in 89% of BPD adults and lung density in 71%. Only higher oxygen supply (FIO2) at 36 weeks post-conception of BPD subjects had a trend with lower zFEV1(B=−6.4; p=0.053) and lower zDLCO(B=−4.1; p=0.023) at adulthood.

No statistically significant predictors of new BPD were identified.
Cost of illness of non-multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Germany: an update
Authors: Diel Roland , Nienhaus Albert
Published: October 2020

Background

A total of 5429 new cases of tuberculosis (TB) were reported in Germany in 2018; out of the 3780 TB cases for whom drug susceptibility testing was available, the proportion of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) cases was only 3.1% (118 cases).

Methods

On the basis of the current therapy guidelines of the German Central Committee against Tuberculosis, this study estimates the mean direct outpatient and combined in- and outpatient costs per non-MDR-TB patient from the perspective of the German statutory health insurance (SHI) system, together with costs arising from productivity losses and costs due to public health screening for TB in close contacts.

Results

From the insurance perspective, the mean outpatient costs (rounded) per case were €1628 for adults and €1179 for children for standard therapy; the mean cost of inpatient treatment amounted to €8626. The mean combined inpatient/outpatient cost was €8756 for adults and €8512 for children. As 95% of all TB patients were adults, the weighted treatment cost per patient in Germany in 2018 was €8746. These are in addition to the mean cost arising from productivity losses (€1839) and, weighted by pulmonary infectivity, cost of contact investigations (€368), coming to a total of €10 953.

Conclusion

Given the clear increase in the number of non-MDR-TB cases since 2015, TB is still a disease of significant economic impact in Germany.
COVID-19 in children with underlying chronic respiratory diseases: survey results from 174 centres
Authors: Moeller Alexander , Thanikkel Leo , Duijts Liesbeth , Gaillard Erol A. , Garcia-Marcos Luis , Kantar Ahmad , Tabin Nathalie , Turner Steven , Zacharasiewicz Angela , Pijnenburg Mariëlle W.H.
Published: October 2020

Background

Early reports suggest that most children infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (“SARS-CoV-2”) have mild symptoms. What is not known is whether children with chronic respiratory illnesses have exacerbations associated with SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Methods

An expert panel created a survey, which was circulated twice (in April and May 2020) to members of the Paediatric Assembly of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) andviathe social media of the ERS. The survey stratified patients by the following conditions: asthma, cystic fibrosis (CF), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and other respiratory conditions.

Results

In total 174 centres responded to at least one survey. 80 centres reported no cases, whereas 94 entered data from 945 children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 was isolated from 49 children with asthma of whom 29 required no treatment, 19 needed supplemental oxygen and four children required mechanical ventilation. Of the 14 children with CF and COVID-19, 10 required no treatment and four had only minor symptoms. Among the nine children with BPD and COVID-19, two required no treatment, five required inpatient care and oxygen and two were admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) requiring invasive ventilation. Data were available from 33 children with other conditions and SARS-CoV-2 of whom 20 required supplemental oxygen and 11 needed noninvasive or invasive ventilation.

Conclusions

Within the participating centres, in children with asthma and CF, infection with SARS-CoV-2 was well tolerated, but a substantial minority of children with BPD and other conditions required ventilatory support indicating that these latter groups are at risk from SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Correction to: Is prehospital use of active external warming dangerous for patients with accidental hypothermia: a systematic review
Authors: Mydske Sigurd , Thomassen Øyvind
Published: October 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Association of dietary inflammatory potential with cardiometabolic risk factors and diseases: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Aslani Zahra , Sadeghi Omid , Heidari-Beni Motahar , Zahedi Hoda , Baygi Fereshteh , Shivappa Nitin , Hébert James R. , Moradi Sajjad , Sotoudeh Gity , Asayesh Hamid , Djalalinia Shirin , Qorbani Mostafa
Published: October 2020

Context

The association of dietary inflammatory index (DII®), as an index of inflammatory quality of diet, with cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) and risk factors (CMRFs) has been inconsistent in previous studies.

Objective

The current systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis was performed to investigate the association of the DII score with CMDs and CMRFs.

Data Sources

All published observational studies (cohort, case–control and cross-sectional) using PubMed/Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were retrieved from inception through November 2019.

Data extraction

Two reviewers independently extracted the data from included studies.

Data analysis

Pooled hazard ratio (HR) or odds ratio (OR) were calculated by using a random-effects model.

Results

Ten prospective cohort studies (total n = 291,968) with 31,069 CMDs-specific mortality, six prospective cohort studies (total n = 43,340) with 1311 CMDs-specific morbidity, two case–control studies with 2140 cases and 6246 controls and one cross-sectional study (total n = 15,613) with 1734 CMDs-specific morbidity were identified for CMDs. Meta-analyses of published observational studies demonstrated that the highest DII score category versus the lowest DII score category was associated with 29% increased risk of CMDs mortality (HR = 1.29; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18, 1.41). Moreover, there was a significant association between the DII score and risk of CMDs in cohort studies (HR = 1.35; 95% CI 1.13, 1.61) and non-cohort study (HR = 1.36; 95% CI 1.18, 1.57). We found a significant association between the DII score and metabolic syndrome (MetS) (OR: 1.13; 95% CI 1.03, 1.25), hyperglycemia and hypertension. None-linear dose response meta-analysis showed that there was a significant association between the DII score and risk of CMDs mortality (Pnonlinearity < 0.001). Moreover, evidence of none-linear association between the DII score and risk of CMDs was not observed (p-value = 0.1).

Conclusions

Adherence to pro-inflammatory diet was associated with increased risk of CMDs, mortality and MetS.
Triple stimulation (TriStim) before bilateral oophorectomy in a young woman with ovarian cancer: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Gemmell Laura C. , Wright Jason D. , Brady Paula C.
Published: October 2020

Background

Double ovarian stimulation (DuoStim) involves two rounds of controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) and oocyte retrieval in immediate succession. It represents a promising approach to increase oocyte yield for patients with diminished ovarian reserve or those with limited time before fertility-threatening oncologic treatment. We report the case of a 31-year-old woman with Stage IC endometrioid ovarian cancer who underwent a triple stimulation or “TriStim,” completing three rounds of COS and oocyte retrieval within 42 days prior to bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.

Case presentation

A 31 year old nulligravid woman presented for fertility preservation counseling following a bilateral ovarian cystectomy that revealed Stage IC endometroid adenocarcinoma arising within endometrioid borderline tumors. The patient was counseled for bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, lymph node dissection, and omentectomy followed by three cycles of carboplatin/paclitaxel. Prior to this, all within six weeks, the patient underwent three rounds of controlled ovarian stimulation using an antagonist protocol and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) trigger, resulting in vitrification of nine two-pronuclear zygotes (2PN), after which definitive surgery was performed.

Conclusions

Advantages of DuoStim procedures are increasingly recognized, especially for oncology patients with limited time before potentially sterilizing cancer treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a triple stimulation (“TriStim”). Our case highlights that triple stimulation is a viable option for patients needing urgent fertility preservation in order to maximize egg and embryo yield within a limited time period.
Common musculoskeletal impairments in postpartum runners: an international Delphi study
Authors: Christopher Shefali M. , Garcia Alessandra N. , Snodgrass Suzanne J. , Cook Chad
Published: October 2020

Background

Postpartum runners report musculoskeletal pain with running. Because of inadequate research, little is known about the origin and pain-related classification. Through expert consensus, this study is the first attempt to understand the musculoskeletal impairments that these runners present with. The objective of this survey was to gather expert consensus on characteristics of reported impairments in postpartum runners that have musculoskeletal pain.

Methods

A web-based Delphi survey was conducted and was composed of five categories: strength, range of motion, alignment and flexibility impairments, as well as risk factors for pain in postpartum runners.

Results

A total of 117 experts were invited. Forty-five experts completed round I and forty-one completed rounds II and III. The strength impairments that reached consensus were abdominal, hip and pelvic floor muscle weakness. The range of motion impairments that reached consensus were hip extension restriction, anterior pelvic tilt and general hypermobility. The alignment impairments that reached consensus were a Trendelenburg sign, dynamic knee valgus, lumbar lordosis, over-pronation and thoracic kyphosis. The flexibility impairments that reached consensus were abdominal wall laxity, and tightness in hip flexors, lumbar extensors, iliotibial band and hamstrings. The risk factors for pain in postpartum runners were muscular imbalance, poor lumbopelvic control, too much too soon, life stressors, pain during pregnancy and pelvic floor trauma.

Conclusion

This study presents a framework for clinicians to understand pain in postpartum runners and that can be investigated in future cohort studies.

Level of evidence

5
BDS B1I multipath channel statistical model comparison between static and dynamic scenarios in dense urban canyon environment
Authors: Chen Xin , He Di , Pei Ling
Published: October 2020

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) multipath channel models are fundamental and critical for signal simulation and receiver performance evaluation. They also aid the designing of suitable multipath error mitigation algorithms when the properties of multipath channel are available. However, there is insufficient existing research on BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) signal multipath channel models. In this study, multipath channel statistical models are established on the basis of extensive datasets of the BDS B1I signal. A multipath parameter estimation algorithm is designed to extract information of multipath rays from the intermediate frequency data. The delay, power loss, Doppler fading frequency, and lifetime distribution models for static and dynamic vehicle platforms are established and compared, and the effects of the satellite orbit type and platform speed on the models are analyzed. The results reveal the detailed distribution and variation characteristics of the multipath parameters and are valuable for the development of accurate urban navigation systems.
Pitfalls in scientific research: critical appraisal of articles published in one of the international journals in Egypt
Authors: Nasr Sarah S. , Sherif Ghada M. , Ibrahim Amal S. , Allam Rasha M.
Published: October 2020

Background

To identify and report flaws of Internet-published articles in theJournal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute(JENCI), Cairo University, through a retrospective documentary study on articles published during the period from 2011 to 2016. All sections were reviewed against a collective checklist. Articles were grouped by publication year into 2 intervals: early (from 2011 to 2013) and recent (from 2014 to 2016) to identify changes in study characteristics over time.

Results

The study included 139 original articles. Half of the titles represented aim and 9.4% represented study design. Abstracts were concise, clear, with structured writing format in 98.6%, 93.5%, and 35.3%, respectively. Most introductions included the study aim, while 41% had a rationale. Study timing was reported in 59.0%, while the study design was reported in 25.9%. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were clearly reported in 43.1% and 40.1%, respectively. Statistical methods were mentioned in 80.6%, complete in 30.4%, and appropriate in 85.7%. Four studies reported sample size estimation. Only 52.5% and 58.3% of results were exhaustive and answer the research question, respectively. Incorrect statistical calculations occurred in 41.0%, inappropriate statistical tests or descriptive parameter selection in 26.6%, while inappropriate test application occurred in 49.1%. About 60% of discussions did not completely cover results, 31.7% fully justified the findings, 56.1% followed a logical flow, and 36.7% had contradiction within the text. Conclusions were mostly linked to aim, imprecise, and extrapolating beyond results. On comparing both periods, only a significant less misuse of statistical terms, more reporting conflict of interest, more missing references for cited texts in the recent period, and more participation of NCI over other institutes in the early period were found.

Conclusion

Articles published in JENCI (from 2011 to 2016) had many methodological and reporting defects and some points of strength. Using the collective checklist developed by this study, continuous training of researchers, involving epidemiologists throughout the whole research process, and applying strict journal reporting and publication rules should be encouraged.
Impact of homicide by a psychiatric patient on forensic psychiatrists: national survey
Authors: Mezey Gillian , Rowe Renarta , Adshead Gwen
Published: October 2020

Aims and method

To explore the experiences and support needs of consultant forensic psychiatrists, whose patients had committed homicide while under their care. We circulated a survey to all forensic psychiatrists in the UK, through the Royal College of Psychiatrists, asking about their experiences of a homicide by a patient under their care. Respondents were invited to discuss their experiences further in a structured telephone interview and themes were identified from these discussions. Data were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively.

Results

One-third of the 86 respondents had had at least one patient who had committed a homicide while under their care. Of these, over three-quarters (78%) reported that the homicide had a significant impact on their personal life, professional life and/or mental/physical health. For some respondents, the impact was severe and long term. Respondents generally felt that they would have been helped by receiving more support in the aftermath of the homicide.

Clinical implications

Greater recognition is needed of the impact on treating psychiatrists of homicide by a patient and more support is needed for affected clinicians. Further research is necessary, including the effects of such events on colleagues in other specialties and examination of the costs versus the benefits of mandatory inquiries after homicides.
Development of CancerLinQ, a Health Information Learning Platform From Multiple Electronic Health Record Systems to Support Improved Quality of Care
Authors: Potter Danielle , Brothers Raven , Kolacevski Andrej , Koskimaki Jacob E. , McNutt Amy , Miller Robert S. , Nagda Jatin , Nair Anil , Rubinstein Wendy S. , Stewart Andrew K. , Trieb Iris J. , Komatsoulis George A.
Published: October 2020

PURPOSE

ASCO, through its wholly owned subsidiary, CancerLinQ LLC, developed CancerLinQ, a learning health system for oncology. A learning health system is important for oncology patients because less than 5% of patients with cancer enroll in clinical trials, leaving evidence gaps for patient populations not enrolled in trials. In addition, clinical trial populations often differ from the overall cancer population with respect to age, race, performance status, and other clinical parameters.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Working with subscribing practices, CancerLinQ accepts data from electronic health records and transforms the local representation of a patient’s care into a standardized representation on the basis of the Quality Data Model from the National Quality Forum. CancerLinQ provides this information back to the subscribing practice through a series of tools that support quality improvement. CancerLinQ also creates de-identified data sets for secondary research use.

RESULTS

As of March 2020, CancerLinQ includes data from 63 organizations across the United States that use nine different electronic health records. The database includes 1,426,015 patients with a primary cancer diagnosis, of which 238,680 have had additional information abstracted from unstructured content.

CONCLUSION

As CancerLinQ continues to onboard subscribing practices, the breadth of potential applications for a learning health care system widen. Future practice-facing tools could include real-world data visualization, recommendations for treatment of patients with actionable genetic variations, and identification of patients who may be eligible for clinical trials. Feeding these insights back into oncology practice ensures that we learn how to treat patients with cancer not just on the basis of the selective experience of the 5% that enroll in clinical trials, but from the real-world experience of the entire spectrum of patients with cancer in the United States.
Telling History in Feathers: Plumes and Power in Nahua Narratives
Authors: Sousa Lisa
Published: October 2020

Nahua rulers, nobles, and warriors of the late postclassic and early colonial periods used feathers and elaborate feather costumes in a variety of political and sacred rituals. They acquired these prestige items through gift exchange, trade, conquest, and tribute. This article explores a series of meanings that Nahuas attached to birds, plumes, and feather objects when worn on the body, exchanged in rituals, and discussed in historical accounts. It argues that while Nahuas clearly appreciated feathers for their aesthetic value, they also used them to tell histories of Nahua people’s origins, their feats, and their expansion through commerce and conquest. This article finds that the association between plumes, political authority, and personal and state histories made feathers especially potent symbols in narratives and images of the rise of the Mexica and their fall in 1521.
The Lives and Deaths of Caged Birds: Transatlantic Voyages of Wild Creatures from the Americas to Spain, 1740s–1790s
Authors: Few Martha
Published: October 2020

This essay focuses on New World birds caught up in the eighteenth-century transatlantic trade with other living wild creatures, destined for imperial metropoles. Manuscript sources describing this trade, written by political officials, ships’ captains, doctors, naturalists, animal caretakers, and inspectors who cataloged their arrival to Spanish ports, interacted with the animals, tried to keep them alive aboard the ship, and determined their ability to withstand further transport to their final destinations in Madrid and other cities in Spain. In the process, animals caged aboard ship for several weeks or more developed relationships with one another and with their human caretakers. Their lived experiences show the multiple and complicated ways in which individual captured birds and other creatures helped shape those shipboard environments, disrupting systemic human attempts to construct them as colonial animals who functioned solely as scientific or material objects in empire making.
Effects of polyisoprenoids from Avicennia lanata and Avicennia alba leaves on the gene expression of PI3K, Akt1, mTOR, P53, and EGFR in human colorectal adenocarcinoma WiDr cells
Authors: Qurrohman Taufiq , Hasibuan Poppy Anjelisa Zaitun , Nuryawan Arif , Sumaiyah Sumaiyah , Siregar Etti Sartina , Basyuni Mohammad
Published: October 2020

Background:Mangrove plants produce polyisoprenoid compounds. Polyisoprenoids have been proven to have anticancer properties. This study investigated the inhibitory activity of polyisoprenoids derived from the leaves of mangrove plantsAvicennia albaandAvicennia lanataregarding the expression of PI3K, Akt1, mTOR, P53, and EGFR genes against human colorectal adenocarcinoma WiDr cells.

Methods:Anticancer activity was tested through the MTT assay method performed on WiDr cells. The cell cycle and apoptosis were analysed by flow cytometry and double staining. Gene expression of PI3K, Akt1, mTOR, P53, and EGFR was observed using the RT-PCR method.

Results:Cytotoxic activity against WiDr cells showed that the IC50 forA. albaandA. lanatawas 258.14 ug/mL and 243.32 ug/mL, respectively. This observation indicated the possibility to develop moderate anticancer agents. The cell cycle showed that inhibition ofA. albaandA. lanataoccurred in the late phase of apoptosis S (10.60 and 10.51%) and G2-M1 (22.05 and 23.84%), which was higher than negative and positive control cells. Furthermore, the polyisoprenoids derived fromA. albaandA. lanataleaves exhibited anticancer activity in WiDr cells through the downregulated gene expression of PI3K, Akt1, mTOR, and EGFR as well as the upregulated gene expression of P53.

Conclusion:This study demonstrated that polyisoprenoids obtained fromA. albaandA. lanataleaves are promising chemopreventive agents for colon cancer.
Accounting: theory and practice
Authors: Mirshuk Tat'yana
Published: October 2020

The textbook contains a brief summary of the theoretical foundations and methodological aspects of accounting, practical tasks for working in seminars, independent work of students and its control. Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of secondary professional education of the latest generation. It is intended for students studying in the fields of "Economics and accounting (by industry)", "Operational activities in logistics", " Commerce (by industry)", "Finance".
A Guide to the Gut Microbiome and its Relevance to Critical Care
Authors: Alexander James L , Mullish Benjamin H
Published: October 2020

Although it is well-established that particular bacteria may cause gastroenteritis and other infections when present in the gut, it is only recently that scientists have made significant inroads into understanding the huge number of other bacteria and additional microbes that live within the gastrointestinal tract, referred to as the gut microbiome. In particular, it is now recognised that bacteria within the gut microbiome have a wide variety of roles in maintaining different aspects of human health, and that disturbances of these bacteria may potentially cause or contribute to a number of different medical conditions, including particular infections, certain cancers, and chronic conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease. Moreover, there is increasing awareness that these bacteria help determine how the body responds to medication, including antibiotics and chemotherapy. There has been growing interest in different approaches to alter the gut microbiome as a novel approach to medical therapy. This article provides an overview of the importance of the gut microbiome, with a particular focus on critical care.
Hip preservation
Authors: Hanke Markus S. , Schmaranzer Florian , Steppacher Simon D. , Lerch Till D. , Siebenrock Klaus A.
Published: October 2020

Classical indications for hip preserving surgery are: femoro-acetabular impingement (FAI) (intra- and extra-articular), hip dysplasia, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, residual deformities after Perthes disease, avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Pre-operative evaluation of the pathomorphology is crucial for surgical planning including radiographs as the basic modality and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or computed tomography (CT) to evaluate further intra-articular lesions and osseous deformities. Two main mechanisms of intra-articular impingement have been described: (1) Inclusion type FAI (‘cam type’). (2) Impaction type FAI (‘pincer type’). Either arthroscopic or open treatment can be performed depending on the severity of deformity. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis often results in a cam-like deformity of the hip. In acute cases a subcapital re-alignment (modified Dunn procedure) of the femoral epiphysis is an effective therapy. Perthes disease can lead to complex femoro-acetabular deformity which predisposes to impingement with/without joint incongruency and requires a comprehensive diagnostic workup for surgical planning. Developmental dysplasia of the hip results in a static overload of the acetabular rim and early osteoarthritis. Surgical correction by means of periacetabular osteotomy offers good long-term results.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:630-640. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190074
Experimental Study and Computer Simulation of Compression Characteristics and Crushing of Chinese Cabbage Seeds
Authors: Wang Shengsheng , Hu Jinpeng , Ji Jiangtao , Zhou Hao , Pang Jing
Published: October 2020

Highlights

Basic physical properties and mechanical parameters related to moisture content and compression orientation.

A discrete model of cabbage seed was established by discrete element method.

Crushing simulation has high consistency and small deviation compared with physical experiment.

Abstract. To reduce the mechanical damage to cabbage seeds during combined harvesting, storage, and processing and to explore the mechanism of grain breakage, the basic physical parameters, such as the 1000-grain weight and the triaxial size under different moisture content (6.38%~15.30%), and the compressive mechanical properties under different loading methods (ventral loading and lateral loading) were studied. The discrete element method was used to establish a BPM model of cabbage seed. The distribution law underlying macroscopic cracks, evolutionary mechanism of internal damage and the micromechanical response during the compression of cabbage seeds were simulated. The results showed that the triaxial size, 1000-grain weight, arithmetic mean diameter and geometric mean diameter of cabbage seeds were related to the moisture content. The crushing force and apparent elastic modulus were related to the moisture content and the loading method. The distribution law of macroscopic cracks during the simulation processing was consistent with the physical experiment, and it was accompanied by increases in cracks and changes in the internal stress. In comparing the crushing force-displacement curves under the two compression modes, the law of curves between physical and virtual experiments was similar, and the peak values were very close, which indicated the feasibility of using the discrete element method to simulate the crushing of cabbage seeds during the compression process. Keywords: Cabbage seeds, Compression test, Cracks, DEM, Stress.
Irrigator Pro: Progression of a Peanut Irrigation Scheduling Decision Support System
Authors: Butts Christopher L , Sorensen Ronald B , Lamb Marshall C
Published: October 2020

Highlights

The logic used in developing a decision support system for irrigating peanut based on max/min soil temperature is described

Logic to transform decision support system from peanut to irrigate corn and cotton with and without soil sensors.

Progression of a decision support system from a desktop program to a web/mobile application

Abstract. Irrigator Pro is a decision support tool for scheduling irrigation events in peanut. It was deployed in 1995 as a rule-based system using crop history, yield potential, soil type, in-season irrigation/rainfall and maximum/minimum soil temperature. As computing platforms have progressed from desktop personal computers to mobile web-based platforms, Irrigator Pro has been updated and is now deployed as a web-based program and an application for mobile devices. Irrigator Pro not only works for peanuts but has been modified to irrigate both corn and cotton. The irrigation decisions are now based on in-field soil water potential measurements in addition to the traditional checkbook with max/min soil temperatures. Users are individual growers, extension agents, and agronomic consultants. The objective of this manuscript is to document the initial development of Irrigator Pro as an expert system combining data and experiential knowledge and the progression from a checkbook-based decision support system to a hybrid system using observed weather data and soil moisture measurement. The background knowledge, equations, and thresholds for triggering irrigation recommendations are included. Keywords: Decision support system, Irrigation scheduling, Irrigator Pro, Mobile app, Peanut, Soil water potential.
Insulin signaling represents a gating mechanism between different memory phases in Drosophila larvae
Authors: Eschment Melanie , Franz Hanna R. , Güllü Nazlı , Hölscher Luis G. , Huh Ko-Eun , Widmann Annekathrin
Published: October 2020

The ability to learn new skills and to store them as memory entities is one of the most impressive features of higher evolved organisms. However, not all memories are created equal; some are short-lived forms, and some are longer lasting. Formation of the latter is energetically costly and by the reason of restricted availability of food or fluctuations in energy expanses, efficient metabolic homeostasis modulating different needs like survival, growth, reproduction, or investment in longer lasting memories is crucial. Whilst equipped with cellular and molecular pre-requisites for formation of a protein synthesis dependent long-term memory (LTM), its existence in the larval stage of Drosophila remains elusive. Considering it from the viewpoint that larval brain structures are completely rebuilt during metamorphosis, and that this process depends completely on accumulated energy stores formed during the larval stage, investing in LTM represents an unnecessary expenditure. However, as an alternative, Drosophila larvae are equipped with the capacity to form a protein synthesis independent so-called larval anaesthesia resistant memory (lARM), which is consolidated in terms of being insensitive to cold-shock treatments. Motivated by the fact that LTM formation causes an increase in energy uptake in Drosophila adults, we tested the idea of whether an energy surplus can induce the formation of LTM in the larval stage. Suprisingly, increasing the metabolic state by feeding Drosophila larvae the disaccharide sucrose directly before aversive olfactory conditioning led to the formation of a protein synthesis dependent longer lasting memory. Moreover, formation of this memory component is accompanied by the suppression of lARM. We ascertained that insulin receptors (InRs) expressed in the mushroom body Kenyon cells suppresses the formation of lARM and induces the formation of a protein synthesis dependent longer lasting memory in Drosophila larvae. Given the numerical simplicity of the larval nervous system this work offers a unique prospect to study the impact of insulin signaling on the formation of protein synthesis dependent memories on a molecular level.
Drug-induced dystonia
Authors: Ostroumova T. M. , Tolmacheva V. A. , Ostroumova O. D. , Parfenov V. A.
Published: October 2020

Drug-induced dystonia (DID) is a rarely diagnosed adverse reaction to a sufficiently large number of drugs. Acute DID (ADID) occurs soon after starting to take a drug or raising its dose, and switching from one antipsychotic medication to another, especially to its injectable dosage form. Tardive DID (TDID) develops a few months or years after starting drug intake or 3 months after stopping therapy. The diagnosis of TDID is based on the persistence of dystonic hyperkinesis for more than 1 month, the use of a dopamine receptor blocking agent, and the absence of other causes of its development. The risk factors for DID are male sex; young age (less than 30 years of age); a history of dystonic reactions; hypocalcemia, alcohol use while taking the drug. DID is most commonly related to therapy with antipsychotics, metoclopramide, antidepressants, and antiepileptic drugs. The short-term use of anticholinergic drugs (benzotropin, diphenhydramine) is effective in treating ADID. Anticholinergic drugs and atypical antipsychotics (clozapine, quetiapine), benzodiazepines, muscle relaxants (baclofen), and dopamine reuptake inhibitors (tetrabenazine) are used to treat TDID. To prevent DID, it is very important that a physician should be aware of that this unwanted adverse reaction may occur and that a drug with the lowest risk for DID should be chosen.
Ataxia associated with anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies
Authors: Nuzhnyi E. P. , Krasnov M. Yu. , Akhmadullina D. R. , Abramova A. A. , Fedotova E. Yu. , Illarioshkin S. N.
Published: October 2020

Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibody-associated ataxia is a rarely diagnosed but potentially curable disease associated with autoimmune damage to and death of Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex. In Russia, the authors have provided for the first time descriptions of three own observations of this disease, which had a number of clinical features, such as slow progression, mild ataxia, stroke-like episodes with stem symptoms, concomitant gluten sensitivity, onset of ataxia after hepatitis C with cerebellar hemiataxia and hemiatrophy. In the all patients, the diagnosis was verified based on the determination of high anti-GAD antibody titers in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. All the patients lacked intrathecal synthesis of oligoclonal antibodies; protein levels and cytosis were normal. Pulse therapy with methylprednisolone at a total dose of 3–5 g led to a slight reduction in ataxia in one case (a female patient with subacute onset of the disease); the treatment was ineffective in two other cases (patients with a primary chronic course). The paper analyzes the literature covering the pathogenesis and clinical presentations of this type of ataxia, and difficulties in its diagnosis and treatment.
The possibilities of diagnosing and treating cognitive impairment at non-dementia stages
Authors: Emelin A. Yu.
Published: October 2020

At the present stage of development of medicine and society, there is no doubt that early detection and treatment of nervous system diseases accompanied by impaired cognitive functions is one of the main tasks of clinical neurology. The prevalence of cognitive impairment (CI) is so high that today we can say that it exceeds the particular "epidemic" threshold, when the problem causes not only medical, but also a serious socioeconomic burden. Currently, studies of the problem of CI have shifted focus to the non-dementia stages of diseases. In recent years, it has become possible to make early nosological diagnosis of CI even before the development of dementia, which is associated with the development and introduction of in vivo laboratory and neuroimaging markers of Alzheimer's, neurodegenerative, and vascular processes. The paper discusses the existing classification and diagnostic criteria for non-dementia stages of CI. It proposes a new category, such as the initial signs of cognitive impairment, and presents diagnostic criteria. The author considers the importance of an integrated approach to diagnosing CI with the aim of early identification of the nosological entity of the syndrome. He presents a critical review of existing approaches to preventing and treating the non-dementia stages of CI.
Cervical dystonia: current rehabilitation strategies and methods
Authors: Istomina A. S. , Miliukhina I. V. , Didur M. D.
Published: October 2020

Idiopathic cervical dystonia (CD) is a movement disorder that is characterized by sustained or intermittent muscle contractions causing often repetitive movements, fixed postures, or both. This is the most common form of focal dystonia. The lack of highly effective rehabilitation in CD can substantially increase the number of disabled people and/or lead to a significant decrease in the working capacity of young patients. Despite the high social significance of the problem, there are currently insufficient studies of the use of medical and physical rehabilitation methods for CD. Taking into account the complexity, multicomponent pattern, and clinical diversity of CD manifestations, these patients require multidisciplinary treatment and rehabilitation approaches to achieve maximum results. This review discusses rehabilitation strategies and methods in CD, which are based on the modern understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease. As a supplement to botulinum toxin therapy, a multimodal physiotherapy program, kinesio taping, and special and general strengthening physical exercises are considered, which can assist in correcting the posture, reducing the severity of pain in patients with CD, improving daily activity, and increasing the intervals between botulinum toxin injections and lowering the dose of the drug administered.
FEATURES OF AUTONOMIC REGULATION OF HEART RATE IN UNIVERSITY TEACHERS WHEN USING PREVENTIVE MEASURES
Authors: Strelyaeva O , Shayakhmetova E , Shurukhina G , Matveeva L , Valitova A
Published: October 2020

The article presents an analysis of autonomic regulation of heart rate against preventive procedures in university teachers. Aim. The paper aims to identify the features of autonomic regulation of heart rate in university teachers when using preventive measures. Materials and methods. The study involved 87 teachers aged from 25 to 60 years. The participants were divided into three subgroups depending on their professional experience. The functional status of the autonomic nervous system was assessed with the method of variational pulsometry using the UPFT-1/30 – Psychophysiologist. Dynamic electroneurostimulation through the DENAS-Vertebra-02 apparatus was used as preventive measures. Results. Under the effect of dynamic electroneurostimulation, distinct trends were formed to improve the functional status of the autonomic nervous system in teachers with the professional experience of 10–20 years. For specia­lists with the experience of 21–30 years and more a course of electric massage sessions was not enough or it could be combined with other means of relaxation. Conclusion. As preventive measures for teachers, dynamic electroneurostimulation can be used (DENAS-Vertebra-02), which obviously improves the functional state of the autonomic nervous system of teachers with professional experience of 10–20 years.
Adresat reklamy żywności. Wybrane problemy prawne
Authors: Łata Monika
Published: October 2020

The aim of the considerations is to answer the question whether the existing legal regulations correctly identify and take into account the diversity of addressees of food advertising. The authoress concludes, among other things, that the current legal regulations do not identify or sufficiently differentiate the addressees of food advertising. The notion of “final consumer” from Regulation 178/2002 allows to cover both persons buying food and persons consuming food, which is crucial in the context of food law objectives. However, the protection of the consumer by information excludes from this group those who lack a sufficient level of awareness and mental maturity. The model of an average consumer developed by the CJEU also does not support correct identification of the addressee of food advertising. Therefore, it should be postulated to "differentiate the food consumer model" by constructing a more flexible definition of the final consumer or even a definition of the addressee of food advertising.
IS IT HELPFUL TO HELP OTHERS WHILE GRIEVING?
Authors: Pfeffer Charlotte , Bonanno George A.
Published: October 2020

Introduction: In the current study, we assessed self-reported and behavioral measures of support provided to others and examined their longitudinal relationship to grief and depression symptoms.

Methods: Hierarchical regressions that controlled for initial grief symptoms and support received from others indicated that providing support to others during bereavement had negative effects on psychological functioning, especially for those experiencing high levels of grief at the time of giving.

Results: Across all participants, those who reported providing instrumental support to others at T1 tended to have greater depression symptoms at T2. Furthermore, choosing to donate to bereavement organizations in a laboratory experiment predicted higher levels of grief symptoms at T2, but primarily for participants experiencing high levels of grief at T1.

Conclusion: Additional research is needed to replicate and extend these findings. and determine why helping others during periods of transition and loss may increase one's risk for depression and/or grief.
THE EFFECT OF INTERNAL GOVERNANCE ON CORPORATE FINANCIAL CRIME OF COMPANIES IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Abdullah Wan Nailah , Said Roshima , Caliyurt Kiymet
Published: October 2020

This empirical study proposes to examine one of the main areas in corporate governance i.e., the internal governance factors and their relationship with corporate financial crime and to find out whether their effectiveness as a corporate governance mechanism is still relevant in the prevention of corporate financial crime. The internal governance factors tested in the study are audit diligence, audit size, employee shares option scheme, managerial ownership and stand-alone risk management committee. The research was carried out by using a web-based data collection for corporate financial crime cases. The findings indicate a significant relationship between the existences of a stand-alone risk committee with corporate financial crime incidences. The result of the study serves as an empirical indicator for a firm’s consideration in deciding on the implementation of a stand-alone risk committee from its audit committee. Both the descriptive and correlation analyses produced by this paper provide new insights into the extent of corporate financial crime, as well as the empirical evidence of the effectiveness of having a stand-alone risk committee.