bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distributed socialite
Authors: Seo Jiwon , Park Jongsoo , Shin Jaeho , Lam Monica S.
Published: June 2014

Large-scale graph analysis is becoming important with the rise of world-wide social network services. Recently in SociaLite, we proposed extensions to Datalog to efficiently and succinctly implement graph analysis programs on sequential machines. This paper describes novel extensions and optimizations of SociaLite for parallel and distributed executions to support large-scale graph analysis.

With distributed SociaLite, programmers simply annotate how data are to be distributed, then the necessary communication is automatically inferred to generate parallel code for cluster of multi-core machines. It optimizes the evaluation of recursive monotone aggregate functions using a delta stepping technique. In addition, approximate computation is supported in SociaLite, allowing programmers to trade off accuracy for less time and space.

We evaluated SociaLite with six core graph algorithms used in many social network analyses. Our experiment with 64 Amazon EC2 8-core instances shows that SociaLite programs performed within a factor of two with respect to ideal weak scaling. Compared to optimized Giraph, an open-source alternative of Pregel, SociaLite programs are 4 to 12 times faster across benchmark algorithms, and 22 times more succinct on average.

As a declarative query language, SociaLite, with the help of a compiler that generates efficient parallel and approximate code, can be used easily to create many social apps that operate on large-scale distributed graphs.
Recovery Behavior of Separating Britholite (Ca3Ce2[(Si,P)O4]3F) Phase from Rare-Earth-rich Slag by Centrifugal Casting
Authors: Li Juncheng , Guo Zhancheng , Yang Tao , Yue Zicheng , Ma Changhao
Published: June 2014

A new approach to separate britholite phase from the rare-earth-rich slag by super gravity was investigated. With the parameter of G = 500, t = 5 min, T = 1423 K, almost all britholite phase is enriched in the concentrate, while the tailing is made up of CaF
Production of Chromium Oxide from Turkish Chromite Concentrate Using Ethanol
Authors: Aktas S. , Eyuboglu C. , Morcali M.H. , Özbey S. , Sucuoglu Y.
Published: June 2014

In this study, the possibility of chromium extraction from Turkish chromite concentrate and the production of chromium oxide were investigated. For the conversion of chromium(III) into chromium(VI), NaOH was employed, as well as air with a rate of 20 L/min. The effects of the base amount, fusing temperature, and fusing time on the chromium conversion percentage were investigated in detail. The conversion kinetics of chromium(III) to chromium(VI) was also undertaken. Following the steps of dissolving the sodium chromate in water and filtering, aluminum hydroxide was precipitated by adjusting the pH level of the solution. The chromium(VI) solution was subsequently converted to Cr(III) by the combination of sulfuric acid and ethanol. Interestingly, it was observed that ethanol precipitated chromium as chromium(VI) at mildly acidic pH levels, although this effect is more pronounced for K2Cr2O7 than Na2Cr2O7. On the other hand, in the strongly acidic regime, ethanol acted as a reducing agent role in that chromium(VI) was converted into Cr(III) whereas ethanol itself was oxidized to carbon dioxide and water. Subsequently, chromium hydroxide was obtained by the help of sodium hydroxide and converted to chromium oxide by heating at 800 °C, as indicated in thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA).
Crystal structure of 7-(diethylamino)-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3- carbaldehyde, C14H15NO3
Authors: Li Xiaochuan , Yang Lan , Zhang Xinwen , Li Linfeng , Zhou Yan , Son Young-A
Published: June 2014

C
Crystal structure of 5-bromo-2,3-bis(2',5'-dimethylthiophene-3-yl)- thiophene, C16H15BrS3
Authors: Li Xiaochuan , Zhao Nan , Yu Lihua , Chen Xiaoyan , Zhang Yatian , Ma Qiangqiang , Son Young-A
Published: June 2014

C
Comparison of High‐resolution Computerized Tomography with Film‐screen Radiography for the Evaluation of Opacity and the Recognition of Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis
Authors: Xing Jingcai , Huang Xiji , Yang Lijuan , Liu Yuewei , Zhang Hai , Chen Weihong
Published: June 2014

Comparison of High‐resolution Computerized Tomography with Film‐screen Radiography for the Evaluation of Opacity and the Recognition of Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis: Jingcai XING, et al. Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China—

Objectives

Current diagnostic standards of pneumoconiosis, which is the most serious occupational disease in China, are based on film‐screen radiography (FSR). However, parenchymal structure overlap limits the sensitivity of FSR in the clinic. High‐resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) has the advantage of identifying nodular pulmonary parenchymal changes. In this study, we aimed to compare HRCT and FSR for recognition of the profusion of small opacities, opacity shape and opacity coalescence in coal miners with or without radiographic evidence of coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) and evaluate the possible role of HRCT in CWP diagnosis.

Methods

There were 96 coal miners with radiographic evidence of CWP, 67 coal miners without CWP and 37 healthy controls in this study. FSR and HRCT images for all subjects were interpreted separately by three readers. Crude agreement and Kappa values were calculated to evaluate the agreement between the two methods.

Results

The overall agreement for CWP evaluation was good (crude agreement rate=87.1%, κ=0.72, 95% CI: 0.62−0.83) between FSR and HRCT in all coal miners. The sensitivity of HRCT for CWP diagnosis was 96.9% (93/96). We observed that 18 of the 67 (26.9%) miners negative for CWP by FSR were classified as category 1 by HRCT according to the lung parenchyma profusion category system reported by Bérgin et al. The difference in the profusion scores between CWP subjects and healthy controls for HRCT scans were statistically significantly higher than those for FSR.

Conclusions

HRCT was more sensitive than FSR in recognition of the profusion of small opacities among coal miners. More research is needed to evaluate the role of HRCT in early diagnosis of CWP.
A Study On Verbalism Among Visually Impaired Children In Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Ranganathan Ramakrishnan
Published: June 2014

Verbalism is especially a problem in the education of blind children since they are limited to the use of senses other than vision. They depend extensively upon tactual observations for concrete experiences. Verbal learning without appropriate formation and concrete experience has been frequently mentioned in the literature as one of the major problems in the education of the visually impaired. Verbalism arises due to acquisition of abstraction resulting from insufficient sensory experiences. Vocabulary acquisition is a continuous and comprehensive ability to be developed systematically through various pre -requisite skills and planned numerous vocabulary acquisition activities. Reading comprehension, listening comprehension and vocabulary development are the essential components of language development for the visually impaired child. Language development for the visually impaired is based on LSRW skills. A study was conducted on 1198 visually impaired children from 24 schools in Andhra Pradesh. Variables chosen are Gender, Age, Level of study, SES, Management and Area of residence. The Gates List verbalism test was used to collect the data. This paper includes the detailed concept of verbalism, major findings of related studies, suggestions to overcome the major obstacles in verbalism and also cites the innovative strategies in teaching learning process which are helpful to the personnel dealing with differently abled in general and visually impaired in particular.
Gender-Stereotyped Attitudes in Kindergarten Students: A Multicausal Analysis
Authors: Kanka Margit , Spiel Petra Wagner , Schober Barbara , Spiel Christiane
Published: June 2014

Even though gender-stereotypy has become a major field of scientific interest, most studies concentrated on gender-differences or -preferences without taking into consideration developmental issues. Based on the findings on gender- stereotyped attitudes at preschool-age of Kanka, Wagner, Schober and Spiel (2011), the present study analyzed the determining influences of cognitive development, children’s age, and parents’ gender-stereotyped attitudes on kindergarten students’ implicit theories. Data was collected from both kindergarten students and their parents. While parents filled out a questionnaire, children were tested by a standardized instrument which they should experience as a fun game. The final sample included 266 children (144 girls and 122 boys aged 3;12-7;00 years) along with 148 parents’ questionnaires. To meet the needs of the present study, a multiclausal model was used. Corresponding to former studies, results showed more stereotyped attitudes in girls than boys. Results also revealed that implicit theories of gender-stereotypy in boys and girls are based on significant influences of the child’s own sex as well as cognitive development whereby crystallized intelligence seems to have the highest impact. As crystallized intelligence is based on cultural norms, it is highly related to age (significant effect) and hence modifiable.
Caroli Disease Associated With Vein of Galen Malformation in a Male Child
Authors: Grieb Dominik , Feldkamp Axel , Lang Thomas , Melter Michael , Stroszczynski Christian , Brassel Friedhelm , Meila Dan
Published: June 2014

We report the first case of a male child with both Caroli disease and vein of Galen malformation. The neonate presented to our department with congestive heart failure as a result of the intracranial arteriovenous high-flow shunt. Over time, several endovascular embolizations led to a complete angiographic occlusion of the shunt. Additionally, the diagnosis of Caroli disease was made at the age of 2 months. He developed choledocholithiasis necessitating endoscopic sphincterotomy and stone extraction. As a prolonged medical treatment he received ursodeoxycholic acid and antibiotics. A coincidence of Caroli disease and vein of Galen malformation has not yet been described. Both diseases are very rare, leading to the question of whether there is a link in the pathogenesis. Based on the few previously described underlying mechanisms, we develop hypotheses about the relationship between both rare diseases. We consider overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors as a possible common molecular mechanism in their pathogenesis. We also highlight the critical role of increased expression of the Notch ligand Jagged 1 both in the development of cerebral arteriovenous malformations in general and in the formation of dilated intrahepatic bile ducts (eg, in Caroli disease).
New 3C Silicon Carbide on Silicon Hetero-Junction Solar Cells for UV Collection enhancement
Authors: Toure M. , Berenguier B. , Ottaviani L. , Pasquinelli M. , Palais O. , Di Lauro P. , Portail M. , Chenot S , Wood T. , Kobor D.
Published: June 2014

An actual trend to enhance solar cells efficiency is to build multijunction cells, creating a bandshape wavelength collection. However, the best multijuction cells are actually made of III-V compounds when silicon and its alloys don’t lead to high efficiency devices. In this article, we study a 3C-SiC/Si heterojunction as a first step for 3C-SiC/Si tandem cells. Four samples were fabricated by depositing 3C-SiC on Si wafers with different SiC doping levels. Simulations of the structures are performed, as well as optical and electrical characterizations of the heterojunction cells.
Enzymatic activity measured by microcalorimetry in soil amended with organic residues
Authors: Cenciani Karina , Santos Freitas Sueli dos , Critter Silvana Auxiliadora Missola , Airoldi Claudio
Published: June 2014

Enzymatic activity is an important property for soil quality evaluation. Two sequences of experiments were carried out in order to evaluate the enzymatic activity in a soil (Rhodic Eutrudox) amended with cattle manure, earthworm casts, or sewage sludges from the municipalities of Barueri and Franca. The activity of commercial enzymes was measured by microcalorimetry in the same soil samples after sterilization. In the first experiment, the enzyme activities of cellulase, protease, and urease were determined in the soil samples during a three month period. In the second sequence of experiments, the thermal effect of the commercial enzymes cellulase, protease, and urease on sterilized soil samples under the same tretaments was monitored for a period of 46 days. The experimental design was randomized and arranged as factorial scheme in five treatments x seven samplings with five replications. The treatment effects were statistically evaluated by one-way analysis of variance. Tukey´s test was used to compare means at p < 0.05. The presence of different sources of organic residues increased the enzymatic activity in the sampling period. Cattle manure induced the highest enzymatic activity, followed by municipal sewage sludge, whereas earthworm casts induced the lowest activity, but differed from control treatment. The thermal effect on the enzyme activity of commercial cellulase, protease, and urease showed a variety of time peaks. These values probably oscillated due to soil physical-chemical factors affecting the enzyme activity on the residues.
Design model for FRP-confined normal- and high-strength concrete square and rectangular columns
Authors: Lim Jian C. , Ozbakkaloglu Togay
Published: June 2014

It is well understood that the confinement of concrete with fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites can significantly enhance its strength and deformability. However, the effectiveness of FRP confinement on square and rectangular concrete sections, in which the concrete is non-uniformly confined, is much lower than the effective confinement of circular sections. To investigate the shape factors that influence the compressive behaviour of FRP-confined concrete in square and rectangular sections, current theoretical models are reviewed and a database of existing test results is assembled. The database is then studied, together with a companion database consisting of the test results of FRP-confined concrete in circular sections, in order to capture the change in the effectiveness of confinement due to the change in the sectional shape. The combined database records the compression test results of 1547 specimens with unconfined concrete strengths ranging from 6·2 to 169·7 MPa. It provides a significantly extended parameter space, thereby allowing clearer observations of the important factors influencing the compressive behaviour of FRP-confined concrete in various sections. The second half of the paper presents an assessment of the performance of existing models proposed to predict the ultimate conditions of the FRP-confined concrete in square and rectangular sections. Finally, a unified model for FRP-confined concrete in circular, square and rectangular sections is developed based on the observations from the databases.
Meta‐analysis suggests biotic resistance in freshwater environments is driven by consumption rather than competition
Authors: Alofs Karen M. , Jackson Donald A.
Published: June 2014

Native communities are thought to mediate the establishment and performance of invasive species through competitive and consumptive interactions, a concept referred to as “biotic resistance.” We investigated the generality of this concept across ecosystems. Despite the conspicuousness of freshwater invasions, investigations of biotic resistance have focused mostly on terrestrial and, more recently, marine coastal communities. We collected in‐situ studies that tested the impacts of native freshwater communities on invading primary producers and consumers. Meta‐analysis demonstrated that evidence of competitive biotic resistance in freshwater habitats was not as strong as that in marine and terrestrial ecosystems. In freshwater ecosystems consumptive resistance was significantly stronger than competitive resistance and consumptive resistance appeared to be as strong in freshwater as in marine and terrestrial systems. The limited number of studies considering freshwater biotic resistance hindered our ability to understand the importance of factors including latitude, experimental duration, and method. However, the strength of biotic resistance varied among freshwater habitats; specifically, biotic resistance was strongest in lentic environments. Our analysis identifies mechanisms underlying biotic resistance in freshwater ecosystems that warrant further investigation given the potential ongoing and future impacts of invasive species in these systems.
Vegetation dynamics in a novel ecosystem: agroforestry effects on grassland vegetation in Uruguay
Authors: Six Laura J. , Bakker Jonathan D. , Bilby Robert E.
Published: June 2014

Human activities have resulted in novel ecosystems around the globe, but many of these ecosystems are poorly understood, particularly when multiple disturbances interact to create novel combinations of species. The Campos ecoregion of South America is one of the most extensive grasslands globally, yet is unique in the fact that there has been little historical evidence of herbivory or fire that traditionally maintain grassland ecosystems. Livestock were introduced several centuries ago, and afforestation began several decades ago. Introducing afforestation to an already grazed system can further alter light conditions, soil characteristics, and moisture regimes, which may result in decreased species richness, increased plant species introductions, and altered abundances of grasses, herbs, and woody species. We examined agroforestry management cycle effects on vegetation species richness, frequency, and composition inEucalyptus grandisplantations, studying five phases of the management cycle (grassland, young forest, mid‐stage forest, old forest, and post‐harvest). At each of 25 sites, we recorded species presence in 40 quadrats (1 m2) and categorized species by origin (native or introduced) and life form (annual graminoid, annual herb, perennial graminoid, perennial herb, woody, or fern). Impacts on species richness and composition were greatest in mid‐stage forests. The proportion of introduced species did not differ by management phase. Life form categories responded strongly but differently to management phases. Our research suggests that afforestation initially reduces vegetation richness and alters composition from that in grasslands, although there is considerable recovery following thinning and tree harvest. Factors that enhance recovery in this system include the presence of disturbance‐adapted vegetation, proximity to remnant grassland patches, and the short rotation cycles of plantation forests. Further research is needed to understand the effects of multiple rotations, effects of afforestation on taxa other than plants, and consequences of landscape fragmentation across the Campos. While our research suggests that afforestation has created a novel ecosystem that is a variant of the system that evolved under long‐term grazing, the extent to which this new condition will evolve over time with the continued presence of grazing and repeated forest management cycles remains unknown.
Micronutrient Density and Stability in West African Pearl Millet—Potential for Biofortification
Authors: Pucher Anna , Høgh‐Jensen Henning , Gondah Jadah , Hash C. Tom , Haussmann Bettina I. G.
Published: June 2014

Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is one of the most important cereals in West and Central Africa (WCA). Human populations in WCA are strongly affected by micronutrient deficiencies. Biofortification, the development of pearl millet varieties with enhanced micronutrient levels, is recognized as a suitable approach to reducing this widespread health problem. To assess the potential of biofortification of WCA pearl millet germplasm, we studied quantitative‐genetic parameters of eight mineral densities in whole and decorticated grains, their stability over environments, and the correlations among minerals and agromorphological traits. The study included 72 WCA pearl millet genotypes grown in three environments in Niger, contrasting in soil fertilization. Significant genotypic effects, moderate estimates of heritability, and genetic variation for mineral densities, especially for Fe and Zn, indicate a high potential for biofortification of WCA pearl millet. However, screening of additional landraces or introgression of favorable alleles from highly nutrient‐dense Indian germplasm could expedite achievement of higher densities. Genotype‐by‐environment interaction effects were significant for Fe and Zn grain densities, showing the importance of multienvironmental evaluation for identifying stable genotypes. Identified genotypes with relatively stable Fe and Zn grain densities appear suitable for use in future WCA pearl millet biofortification breeding programs.
Fractionation of Dissolved Organic Matter by (Oxy)Hydroxide‐Coated Sands: Competitive Sorbate Displacement during Reactive Transport
Authors: Vázquez-Ortega Angélica , Hernandez-Ruiz Selene , Amistadi Mary Kay , Rasmussen Craig , Chorover Jon
Published: June 2014

Sorptive retention of dissolved organic matter (DOM) at soil particle surfaces controls C flux through the critical zone. Prior studies have shown that pristine Al‐ and Fe‐(oxy)hydroxide surfaces are especially reactive toward DOM sorptive stabilization. However, the impact of progressive and/or preexisting organic surface coatings on further surficial uptake and exchange during repeated DOM infusion episodes remains unclear. In this study, DOM solutions were extracted from organic horizons in grassland (G) and mixed conifer forest (F) vegetation types in the Jemez River Basin Critical Zone Observatory. Extracted DOM solutions were used to sequentially irrigate columns packed with either quartz sand (Qtz), Al‐hydroxide‐coated quartz sand (Al‐Qtz), or Fe‐hydroxide‐coated quartz sand (Fe‐Qtz). Use of distinct DOM sources enabled investigation of how sorption, fractionation, and exchange ensued during reactive transport through mineral media progressively coated with sorbate organic matter (SOM). During initial irrigation of fresh mineral media with G‐DOM, the magnitude of DOM sorption (per unit sorbent mass) followed the trend: Al‐Qtz ≥ Fe‐Qtz > Qtz. Effluent solutions showed diminished molar absorptivity and humification index (HIX) values, indicating preferential uptake of high‐molar‐mass aromatic constituents. Introduction of F‐DOM to G‐SOM‐coated surfaces revealed competitive desorption of G‐SOM from the organo–mineral interface. During F‐DOM irrigation, high HIX values were observed in effluent solutions, indicating remobilization of G‐SOM by displacement. According to spectroscopic analyses, the displaced G‐SOM consisted of aromatic phenolic acids with high excitation–emission “fingerprints” characteristic of fulvic‐ and humic‐acid‐like compounds, providing evidence for kinetic DOM exchange reactions.
Efficient Control of Odors and VOC Emissions via Activated Carbon Technology
Authors: Mohamed Farhana , Kim James , Huang Ruey , Nu Huong Ton , Lorenzo Vlad
Published: June 2014

This research study was undertaken to enhance the efficiency and economy of carbon scrubbers in controlling odors and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at the wastewater collection and treatment facilities of the Bureau of Sanitation, City of Los Angeles. The butane activity and hydrogen sulfide breakthrough capacity of activated carbon were assessed. Air streams were measured for odorous gases and VOCs and removal efficiency (RE) determined. Carbon towers showed average to excellent removal of odorous compounds, VOCs, and siloxanes; whereas, wet scrubbers demonstrated good removal of odorous compounds but low to negative removal of VOCs. It was observed that the relative humidity and empty bed contact time are one of the most important operating parameters of carbon towers impacting the pollutant RE. Regular monitoring of activated carbon and VOCs has resulted in useful information on carbon change‐out frequency, packing recommendations, and means to improve performance of carbon towers.
Effect of Network Embeddedness on Brand-Related Behavior Intentions: Mediating Effects of Psychological Ownership
Authors: Zhang Jing-Yu , Nie Ming , Yan Bing-Sheng , Wang Xing-Dong
Published: June 2014

Based on social exchange theory, we examined the relationship between network embeddedness and the brand-related behavior intentions of community members from the perspective of psychological ownership. The results indicated that network embeddedness (structural and relational embeddedness)
positively impacts psychological ownership, while psychological ownership positively impacts brand-related behavior intentions (protecting relevant brands and repelling competitive brands) and mediates the effects of network embeddedness on such intentions. Theoretical and practical implications
in this study are discussed.
The Effects of Scarcity Appeal on Product Evaluation: Consumers' Cognitive Resources and Company Reputation
Authors: Lee Seung Yun , Oh Sangdo , Jung Sunho
Published: June 2014

We proposed that when consumers considered that scarcity claims signal a product is valuable, such claims would have a positive effect on product evaluation. However, when consumers interpreted scarcity claims as a sales tactic, the positive effect of scarcity claims on product evaluation
would be diluted. Our participants were 100 undergraduate students at a large university in Canada. We found that when consumers had sufficient cognitive resources available to draw inferences about persuasion motives underlying marketers' behavior, they were more likely to perceive scarcity
as a sales tactic. Further, our results showed that company reputation could influence consumers' inference of scarcity as a sales tactic, and, hence, moderate the effect of scarcity on product evaluation.
A Structural Model of Enterprise Managers' Tacit Knowledge and Personality Traits
Authors: Fang Hua , Zhang Shuhua
Published: June 2014

Tacit knowledge is considered an effective new structure to predict an individual's job performance. We administered the Tacit Knowledge Inventory for Managers to 127 Chinese enterprise managers; of these participants, 121 also completed the NEO-Five-Factor Inventory measure of Big
Five personality traits. A confirmatory factor analysis supported the structure of tacit knowledge, in which we posited a 2-factor model of context substructure. Structural equation modeling path analysis demonstrated that neuroticism was a positive predictor of total and local tacit knowledge
scores; that conscientiousness was a positive predictor of total, local, and global tacit knowledge scores; and that agreeableness was a positive predictor of total and local tacit knowledge scores.
Participation as ‘Taking Part In’: Education for Sustainability in Swedish Preschools
Authors: Ärlemalm-Hagsér Eva
Published: June 2014

Children today face a rapidly changing society with new social, economic, ecological and political challenges. This study attaches special importance to modern childhood, learning and didactics, and citizenship from a child-oriented perspective. Early childhood education for sustainability (as taught in Swedish preschools) is examined and the ways that young children are seen as active participants and agents of change are described. The theoretical framework of this qualitative study is guided by a critical theory approach. The empirical material is derived from 18 applications submitted by preschools to the Swedish National Agency for Education for a Diploma of Excellence in Education for Sustainability. The findings show that education for sustainability in Swedish preschools can be interpreted as a project defining human individual responsibility in a modern, pluralistic and contradictory world. Education for sustainability is seen as an important task in preschool educational activities, as is children's participation in various activities dealing with sustainability issues. Children are described as important actors in relation to their own lives in the present and in the future. In these various activities, hidden structures appear, along with taken-for-granted assumptions in need of reflective study. Children's participation and agency were mostly understood in terms of ‘taking part in’, and even though the overall rhetoric in the texts expressed a children's rights perspective, children were not really recognised to any great extent as active participants or as agents of change. An affirmative approach to change was detected in which underlying structures of inequity and gender inequality, and notions about human connectedness to nature and unsustainable lifestyles, are not problematised. Nevertheless, some transformative approaches are emerging, with children's participation and rights being interpreted and handled as an important part of the everyday practices in the preschools.
‘Can You Spot a Terrorist in Your Classroom?’ Problematising the Recruitment of Schools to the ‘War on Terror’ in the United Kingdom
Authors: Coppock Vicki
Published: June 2014

This article draws on theoretical insights from Foucault, Rose and the new sociology of childhood to critically examine the development and use of counter-extremism policies and practices in English schools. In particular, the article focuses on the introduction of Learning Together to be Safe: a toolkit to help schools contribute to the prevention of violent extremism and its implications for the rights of British Muslim children and young people. It is argued that this initiative contributes to a process of disciplinary normalisation of young British Muslims, with the intention of producing governable subjects. The analysis reveals a contradictory relationship between the commitment of the British state to upholding and implementing children's social and political rights (as a signatory to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child), whilst simultaneously pursuing policies and practices that constrain and undermine the social and political agency of British Muslim children and young people.
From Formal Rights to ‘Living Rights’: Potentialities and Limits of Children's Councils in Terms of Children's Recognition as Social Actors
Authors: Golay Dominique , Malatesta Dominique
Published: June 2014

Based on assessment of children's councils through three consecutive investigations, this article aims to analyse the institutionalisation of participative processes offered to children aged seven to twelve in the city of Lausanne, Switzerland. The underlying premise of the analysis is that the recognition of children as social actors or valid interlocutors depends on social, cultural and political contexts. In this study, the authors consider how children exercise their rights in these councils, and what recognition they gain from exercising them, either individually or collectively. The assessment of the councils sheds light on the lack of references to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) by the professionals monitoring the children's councils. The article then argues that this lack of reference to the CRC is a considerable impediment to children's access to their rights, and subsequently to their ability to achieve recognition.
Peroxiredoxin 6, a Novel Player in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes
Authors: Pacifici Francesca , Arriga Roberto , Sorice Gian Pio , Capuani Barbara , Scioli Maria Giovanna , Pastore Donatella , Donadel Giulia , Bellia Alfonso , Caratelli Sara , Coppola Andrea , Ferrelli Francesca , Federici Massimo , Sconocchia Giuseppe , Tesauro Manfredi , Sbraccia Paolo , Della-Morte David , Giaccari Andrea , Orlandi Augusto , Lauro Davide
Published: June 2014

Enhanced oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. Peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) is a key regulator of cellular redox balance, with the peculiar ability to neutralize peroxides, peroxynitrite, and phospholipid hydroperoxides. In the current study, we aimed to define the role of PRDX6 in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D) using PRDX6 knockout (−/−) mice. Glucose and insulin responses were evaluated respectively by intraperitoneal glucose and insulin tolerance tests. Peripheral insulin sensitivity was analyzed by euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp, and molecular tools were used to investigate insulin signaling. Moreover, inflammatory and lipid parameters were evaluated. We demonstrated that PRDX6−/− mice developed a phenotype similar to early-stage T2D caused by both reduced glucose-dependent insulin secretion and increased insulin resistance. Impaired insulin signaling was present in PRDX6−/− mice, leading to reduction of muscle glucose uptake. Morphological and ultrastructural changes were observed in islets of Langerhans and livers of mutant animals, as well as altered plasma lipid profiles and inflammatory parameters. In conclusion, we demonstrated that PRDX6 is a key mediator of overt hyperglycemia in T2D glucose metabolism, opening new perspectives for targeted therapeutic strategies in diabetes care.
Day and Night Home Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: Three-Center Randomized Crossover Study
Authors: Leelarathna Lalantha , Dellweg Sibylle , Mader Julia K. , Allen Janet M. , Benesch Carsten , Doll Werner , Ellmerer Martin , Hartnell Sara , Heinemann Lutz , Kojzar Harald , Michalewski Lucy , Nodale Marianna , Thabit Hood , Wilinska Malgorzata E. , Pieber Thomas R. , Arnolds Sabine , Evans Mark L. , Hovorka Roman
Published: June 2014

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the feasibility of day and night closed-loop insulin delivery in adults with type 1 diabetes under free-living conditions.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Seventeen adults with type 1 diabetes on insulin pump therapy (means ± SD age 34 ± 9 years, HbA1c 7.6 ± 0.8%, and duration of diabetes 19 ± 9 years) participated in an open-label multinational three-center crossover study. In a random order, participants underwent two 8-day periods (first day at the clinical research facility followed by 7 days at home) of sensor-augmented insulin pump therapy (SAP) or automated closed-loop insulin delivery. The primary end point was the time when sensor glucose was in target range between 3.9 and 10.0 mmol/L during the 7-day home phase.

RESULTS

During the home phase, the percentage of time when glucose was in target range was significantly higher during closed-loop compared with SAP (median 75% [interquartile range 61–79] vs. 62% [53–70], P = 0.005). Mean glucose (8.1 vs. 8.8 mmol/L, P = 0.027) and time spent above target (P = 0.013) were lower during closed loop, while time spent below target was comparable (P = 0.339). Increased time in target was observed during both daytime (P = 0.017) and nighttime (P = 0.013).

CONCLUSIONS

Compared with SAP, 1 week of closed-loop insulin delivery at home reduces mean glucose and increases time in target without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia in adults with relatively well-controlled type 1 diabetes.
Introduction of IADPSG Criteria for the Screening and Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Results in Improved Pregnancy Outcomes at a Lower Cost in a Large Cohort of Pregnant Women: The St. Carlos Gestational Diabetes Study
Authors: Duran Alejandra , Sáenz Sofía , Torrejón María J. , Bordiú Elena , del Valle Laura , Galindo Mercedes , Perez Noelia , Herraiz Miguel A. , Izquierdo Nuria , Rubio Miguel A. , Runkle Isabelle , Pérez-Ferre Natalia , Cusihuallpa Idalia , Jiménez Sandra , García de la Torre Nuria , Fernández María D. , Montañez Carmen , Familiar Cristina , Calle-Pascual Alfonso L.
Published: June 2014

OBJECTIVE

The use of the new International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria (IADPSGC) for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) results in an increased prevalence of GDM. Whether their introduction improves pregnancy outcomes has yet to be established. We sought to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of one-step IADPSGC for screening and diagnosis of GDM compared with traditional two-step Carpenter-Coustan (CC) criteria.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

GDM risk factors and pregnancy and newborn outcomes were prospectively assessed in 1,750 pregnant women from April 2011 to March 2012 using CC and in 1,526 pregnant women from April 2012 to March 2013 using IADPSGC between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation. Both groups received the same treatment and follow-up regimes.

RESULTS

The use of IADPSGC resulted in an important increase in GDM rate (35.5% vs. 10.6%) and an improvement in pregnancy outcomes, with a decrease in the rate of gestational hypertension (4.1 to 3.5%: −14.6%, P < 0.021), prematurity (6.4 to 5.7%: −10.9%, P < 0.039), cesarean section (25.4 to 19.7%: −23.9%, P < 0.002), small for gestational age (7.7 to 7.1%: −6.5%, P < 0.042), large for gestational age (4.6 to 3.7%: −20%, P < 0.004), Apgar 1-min score <7 (3.8 to 3.5%: −9%, P < 0.015), and admission to neonatal intensive care unit (8.2 to 6.2%: −24.4%, P < 0.001). Estimated cost savings was of €14,358.06 per 100 women evaluated using IADPSGC versus the group diagnosed using CC.

CONCLUSIONS

The application of the new IADPSGC was associated with a 3.5-fold increase in GDM prevalence in our study population, as well as significant improvements in pregnancy outcomes, and was cost-effective. Our results support their adoption.
Canine stifle joint biomechanics associated with tibial plateau leveling osteotomy predicted by use of a computer model
Authors: Brown Nathan P. , Bertocci Gina E. , Marcellin-Little Denis J.
Published: June 2014

Objective—To evaluate effects of tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) on canine stifle joint biomechanics in a cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL)–deficient stifle joint by use of a 3-D computer model simulating the stance phase of gait and to compare biomechanics in TPLO-managed, CrCL-intact, and CrCL-deficient stifle joints.

Sample—Computer simulations of the pelvic limb of a Golden Retriever.

Procedures—A previously developed computer model of the canine pelvic limb was used to simulate TPLO stabilization to achieve a tibial plateau angle (TPA) of 5° (baseline value) in a CrCL-deficient stifle joint. Sensitivity analysis was conducted for tibial fragment rotation of 13° to −3°. Ligament loads, relative tibial translation, and relative tibial rotation were determined and compared with values for CrCL-intact and CrCL-deficient stifle joints.

Results—TPLO with a 5° TPA converted cranial tibial translation to caudal tibial translation and increased loads placed on the remaining stifle joint ligaments, compared with results for a CrCL-intact stifle joint. Lateral collateral ligament load was similar, medial collateral ligament load increased, and caudal cruciate ligament load decreased after TPLO, compared with loads for a CrCL-deficient stifle joint. Relative tibial rotation after TPLO was similar to that of a CrCL-deficient stifle joint. Stifle joint biomechanics were affected by TPLO fragment rotation.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In the model, stifle joint biomechanics were partially improved after TPLO, compared with CrCL-deficient stifle joint biomechanics, but TPLO did not fully restore CrCL-intact stifle joint biomechanics. Overrotation of the tibial fragment negatively influenced stifle joint biomechanics by increasing caudal tibial translation.
Life Satisfaction in Middle-Aged Koreans: Mediating Effects of Domain-Specific Self-Esteem Satisfaction, and Sex Differences
Authors: Park Hyun-Joo , Lee Dong-Gwi , Yang Nan Mee
Published: June 2014

The current study was an attempt to examine the interplay between domain-specific self-esteem and life satisfaction with middle-aged Koreans. For four domains (Social/Objective Ability, Positive Characteristics, Interpersonal Relationships, and Family), the mediating effects of the satisfaction index of domain-specific self-esteem between the importance index of domain-specific self-esteem and life satisfaction were tested using structural equation modeling. 364 Koreans in their 40s and 50s were recruited through stratified sampling. Overall, the satisfaction index of domain-specific self-esteem was found to be a strong mediator across all the four domains; for middle-aged Koreans, if they appraised their self-esteem in a given domain as important and they felt satisfied in that domain, their life satisfaction was likely to be higher. Additionally, results of multi-group analysis suggested that the strengths of associations in the model were different between men and women in the Interpersonal Relationships domain.
Design Of Multivariable Fractional Order Pid Controller Using Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy
Authors: Sivananaithaperumal Sudalaiandi , Baskar Subramanian
Published: June 2014

This paper presents an automatic tuning of multivariable Fractional-Order Proportional, Integral and Derivative controller (FO-PID) parameters using Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMAES) algorithm. Decoupled multivariable FO-PI and FO-PID controller structures are considered. Oustaloup integer order approximation is used for the fractional integrals and derivatives. For validation, two Multi-Input Multi- Output (MIMO) distillation columns described byWood and Berry and Ogunnaike and Ray are considered for the design of multivariable FO-PID controller. Optimal FO-PID controller is designed by minimizing Integral Absolute Error (IAE) as objective function. The results of previously reported PI/PID controller are considered for comparison purposes. Simulation results reveal that the performance of FOPI and FO-PID controller is better than integer order PI/PID controller in terms of IAE. Also, CMAES algorithm is suitable for the design of FO-PI / FO-PID controller.
Ac Impedance Spectroscopy Of Al/A-Sic/C–Si(P)/Al Heterostructure under Illumination
Authors: Perný Milan , Šály Vladimír , Váry Michal , Mikolášek Miroslav , Huran Jozef , Packa Juraj
Published: June 2014

The amorphous silicon carbide/crystalline silicon heterojunction was prepared and analyzed. The current-voltage (I − V ) measurements showed the barrier properties of prepared sample. Biased impedance spectra of Al/a-SiC/c-Si(p)/Al heterojunction under the standard illumination are reported and analyzed. AC measurements in the illuminated conditions were processed in order to identify electronic behavior using equivalent AC circuit which was suggested and obtained by fitting the measured impedance data. A phenomenon of negative capacitance/resistance in certain frequency range has been observed.
Improved Linearization of the Optimal Compression Function for Laplacian Source
Authors: Perić Zoran H. , Z–. Velimirović Lazar , Dinčić Milan R.
Published: June 2014

In this paper, linearization of the optimal compression function is done and hierarchical coding (by coding the regions firstly and then the cells inside the region) is applied, achieving simple and fast process of coding and decoding. The signal at the entrance of the scalar quantizer is modeled by Laplacian probability density function. It is shown that the linearization of inner regions very little influences distortion and therefore only the last region should be optimized. Two methods of optimization of the last region are proposed, that improve performances of the scalar quantizer, and obtained SQNR (signal-to-quantization noise ratio) is close to that of the nonlinear optimal compression function.
Exponential Smoothing for Multi-Product Lot-Sizing With Heijunka and Varying Demand
Authors: Grimaud Frédéric , Dolgui Alexandre , Korytkowski Przemyslaw
Published: June 2014

Here we discuss a multi-product lot-sizing problem for a job shop controlled with a heijunka box. Demand is considered as a random variable with constant variation which must be absorbed somehow by the manufacturing system, either by increased inventory or by flexibility in the production. When a heijunka concept (production leveling) is used, fluctuations in customer orders are not transferred directly to the manufacturing system allowing for a smoother production and better production capacity utilization. The problem rather is to determine a tradeoff between the variability in the production line capacity requirement and the inventory level.
Impulse Artificial Neural Networks in Internal Transport
Authors: Ochelska-Mierzejewska Joanna
Published: June 2014

The second most important function of a warehouse, apart from the storing of goods, is internal transport with a focus on time-effectiveness. When there is a time gap between the production and export of products, the goods need to be stored until they are dispatched to the consumers. An important problem that concerns both large and small warehouses is the selection of priorities, that is handling the tasks in order of importance. Another problem is to identify the most efficient routes for forklift trucks to transport goods from a start-point to a desired destination and prevent the routes from overlapping. In automated warehouses, the transport of objects (the so called pallets of goods) is performed by machines controlled by a computer instead of a human operator. Thus, it is the computer, not the man, that makes the difficult decisions regarding parallel route planning, so that the materials are transported within the warehouse in near-optimal time. This paper presents a method for enhancing this process.
Surface Quality of Amilled Gamma Titaniumaluminide for Aeronautical Applications
Authors: Radkowski Grzegorz , Sep Jaroslaw
Published: June 2014

Gamma titanium aluminides are an interesting alternative for nickel, iron or cobalt matrix superalloys. Due to the advantageous strength properties at high temperatures they can successfully replace superalloys in applications such as high pressure compressor blades, low pressure turbine blades, high pressure compressor case, low pressure turbine case. Milling is one of the processes that can be applied in the forming elements made from this type of alloys for the aviation industry. Research included the selection of tool, the process kinematics and the range of milling gamma titanium aluminide (Ti-45Al-5Nb-0.2B-0.2C) process parameters were carried out. Milling can be an effective method of forming of elements made of gamma TiAL in the range of processing parameters: vc = 20-70 m/min, ap = 0.3-0.7 mm, fz = 0.1- 0.45 mm/tooth. In the tests carried out the best results were obtained using a R300-016A20L- 08L milling cutter, S30T tool coating and in-cut milling.
A Novel Control-rod Drive Mechanism via Electromagnetic Levitation in MNSR
Authors: Divandari Mohammad , Hashemi-Tilehnoee Mehdi , Khaleghi Masoud , Hosseinkhah Mohammadreza
Published: June 2014

In this paper, an electromagnetic levitation system was used with a synchronous motor to navigate the control rod of a small-type research reactor. The result from this prototype magnetic levitation system was in agreement with simulation results. The control system was programmed in MATLAB through open-loop system, closed-loop with state feedback and closed-loop with state feedback integral tracking. The final control system showed the highest performance with a low positioning error. Our results showed that the developed control system has the potential to be used as a reliable actuator in nuclear reactors to satisfy higher performance and safety.
Quasi-minimal rotational surfaces in pseudo-Euclidean four-dimensional space
Authors: Ganchev Georgi , Milousheva Velichka
Published: June 2014

In the four-dimensional pseudo-Euclidean space with neutral metric there are three types of rotational surfaces with two-dimensional axis — rotational surfaces of elliptic, hyperbolic or parabolic type. A surface whose mean curvature vector field is lightlike is said to be quasi-minimal. In this paper we classify all rotational quasi-minimal surfaces of elliptic, hyperbolic and parabolic type, respectively.