bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medical students and stigma of depression. Part 2. Self-stigma
Authors: Suwalska Julia , Suwalska Aleksandra , Szczygieł Marta , Łojko Dorota
Published: February 2017

Na depresję choruje nawet do 30% studentów medycyny. Mają oni lepszy dostęp do opieki zdrowotnej, ale mimo to rzadziej otrzymują właściwe leczenie niż osoby z depresją w populacji ogólnej ponieważ większość z nich nie korzysta z pomocy lekarskiej w związku z postrzeganiem depresji jako stygmatyzującej, co z kolei prowadzi do autostygmatyzacji, utrudnia wczesną diagnozę i podjęcie leczenia. Autostygmatyzacja oznacza tym samym gorsze leczenie, bardziej niekorzystną prognozę i nawroty. Według literatury przedmiotu autostygmatyzacja skutkuje obniżoną samooceną i jest główną przeszkodą w pełnieniu ról społecznych, w pracy i w życiu osobistym. Stygmatyzacja i autostygmatyzacja depresji wśród studentów medycyny związane są również ze skutkami w ich późniejszym życiu zawodowym: może prowadzić do długofalowych następstw w procesach leczenia przez nich pacjentów w przyszłości. Obecnie brakuje jednoznacznych wyników badań wskazujących najskuteczniejsze sposoby uzyskania redukcji stygmatyzacji i autostygmatyzacji. Konieczne jest wdrażanie takich interwencji jak najwcześniej w zakresie wiedzy (edukacji), zmiany zachowania i postaw oraz przy zastosowaniu różnorodnych technik interwencyjnych
Humans Are Not Machines: The Behavioral Impact of Queueing Design on Service Time
Authors: Shunko Masha , Niederhoff Julie , Rosokha Yaroslav
Published: February 2017

Using behavioral experiments, we study the impact of queue design on worker productivity in service systems that involve human servers. Specifically, we consider two queue design features: queue structure, which can be either parallel queues (multiple queues with a dedicated server per queue) or a single queue (a pooled queue served by multiple servers), and queue-length visibility, which can provide either full or blocked visibility. We find that (1) the single-queue structure slows down the servers, illustrating a drawback of pooling, and (2) poor visibility of the queue length slows down the servers; however, this effect may be mitigated, or even reversed, by pay schemes that incentivize the servers for fast performance. We provide additional managerial insights by isolating two behavioral drivers behind these results—task interdependence and saliency of feedback.

Data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2610 .

This paper was accepted by Gad Allon, operations management.
Informed consent in paramedic practice
Authors: Gaisford Matthew
Published: February 2017

Informed consent is a concept that has grown in importance over the last 40 years. It is now a key concept in modern healthcare practice and underpins all patient encounters. Any consent to assessment or treatment should be gained in an informed manner and failing to do so can lead the clinician open to accusations of negligence. Despite this many clinicians have only a vague or incorrect understanding of the concept of informed consent and what does, and does not, constitute it. The following article attempts to clarify the latest thinking in English law regarding informed consent drawing largely from the United Kingdom Supreme Court (UKSC) ruling on the subject in 2015. There then follows a discussion of a number of areas where paramedic practice in particular may be failing to meet modern standards of informed consent. It will be argued that consent in paramedic practice is often poorly sought and documented and that paramedic practice often becomes ‘defensive’ and in doing so fails to meet the required standards for informed consent.
Adsorpsi Logam Tembaga (Cu), Mangan (Mn) dan Nikel (Ni) dalam Artificial Limbah Cair dengan Menggunakan Nanopartikel Magnetit (Fe3O4)
Authors: Mahmudah Diah , Sakinah Nurhidayati , Suharyadi Edi
Published: February 2017

Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized using co-precipitation method and have been used for removing Cu, Mn and Ni metals ions from artificial wastewater. Ability of removing metal ions with Fe3O4 against pH, adsorbent particle size, readsorption and by addition of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG-4000) as coating agent of adsorbent have been studied. The adsorption process was found to be pH-dependent. Maximum adsorption at pH 12 for most of the metal ions with percent of sorption Cu 99.79%, Ni 69.83% and Mn 44.53%. Using adsorbent with 12 nm of particles size, readsorption process and by addition of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG-4000) as coating agent of adsorbent also made the ability of removing metals ions increasing. Preliminary results indicate that magnetite nanoparticles may be used as an adsorbent for removal of Cu, Mn and Ni from wastewater.
Pengamatan In-Situ Tekanan dan Temperatur pada Pembentukan MgH2/Ni melalui Metode Reactive Mechanical Alloying (RMA) untuk Aplikasi Material Penyimpan Hidrogen
Authors: Handoko Erfan , Pradipta Aditia , Soegijono Bambang , Jalil Zulkarnain
Published: February 2017

The observation on reactive mechanical alloying (RMA) process had been done to form MgH2 material with adding Ni nanoparticles as catalist for hydrogen storage material applications. Pressure and temperature of material forming were recorded by microcontroller set for 30 minutes. Mg with adding Ni 5 wt % was milled by High Energy Ball Mill (HEBM) at H2 atmosphere in 1 atm of pressure. The measurement results showed that the pressure had been changed and temperature also changes up to 38oC. This process proves that the alloying betwen Mg and H2 had been formed. The X-ray diffraction pattern identify MgH2 phase. SEM image showed the morphology of MgH2 particles.
Studi Pemodelan Respon Polarisasi Terinduksi dalam Kawasan Waktu (TDIP) terhadap Kandungan Mineral Logam, Sebuah Hasil Awal
Authors: Y Yatini , Santoso Djoko , Laesanpura Agus , Sulistijo Budi
Published: February 2017

Modelling studies of Time Domain Induced Polarization (TDIP) performed to obtain the relationship between parameters responses to metallic mineral content. This study includes mathematical, forward, physical and inversion modelling. Mathematical modelling is done by solving the Laplace equation to obtain the IP responses. Forward modelling is done by developing a numerical workflow to generate theoretical curves. Physical modelling obtained the data from various parameters of target measurement. TDIP responses that compared with the theoretical curves are the results of mathematical modelling. The best response of IP can be obtained by inversion modelling. TDIP responses measurement by varying target’s metallic mineral content is done for understanding the relationship between them. The amplitude of IP responses in forward modelling is determined by target’s radius and depth ratio, and ratio of background resistivity and target’s resistivity. The higher target’s radius and depth ratio, the higher the amplitude. There is a good correlation between TDIP responses to the presence of the target and the possibility of metallic mineral content in target.
Rhetoric and doctrines of policy over- and underreactions in times of crisis
Authors: Maor Moshe
Published: February 2017

This article distinguishes between disproportionate policy response by error (bounded rationality) and disproportionate response by choice, and advances a further distinction of such choices between two disproportionate policy options, namely, rhetoric and doctrine. Probing the ‘plausibility’ of these terms, the article presents pertinent illustrations drawn from the military, financial and environmental domains in the US, Britain, Israel, Australia, Singapore and the European Union. These illustrations show that, during pre-crisis and in-crisis periods, both options can be purposefully designed to signal policymakers’ preference and/or to deliver the disproportionate responses in pursuit of policy goals.
The ‘official’ social justice: an examination of the Coalition government’ concept of social justice
Authors: Crossley Stephen
Published: February 2017

This article examines the official concept of social justice, as advanced by the Coalition government in the UK between 2010 and 2015. The article begins with a discussion of some traditional comprehensions of social justice and summarises its recent use by political parties prior to 2010. A short section on methodology precedes a sketching out of five interconnected themes of: dehistoricised; localisation and individualisation; residualisation; work; and innovation and commodification. The article concludes with a brief summary of the official understanding of social justice and a look forward to its future use by the government.
‘If this isn’t for my children, who is it for?’ Exploring experiences of structural violence among migrant mothers who sell sex in Johannesburg
Authors: Walker Rebecca Jane
Published: February 2017

This article examines the vulnerabilities and forms of structural violence experienced by migrant mothers who sell sex. In Johannesburg, migrant sex workers face multiple vulnerabilities including abuse, discrimination, criminalisation, and many levels of violence, directed particularly at non-nationals. For migrant mothers selling sex, these vulnerabilities increase as they balance the responsibilities of providing for their dependants with the risks and challenges that selling sex entails. Drawing from semi-structured interviews with cross-border migrant women, this article explores their difficulties in accessing healthcare, in finding accommodation, widespread stigmatisation and xenophobia. The article argues that to develop a greater understanding of women who are migrants, who sell sex and who are mothers, there is a need to further explore the challenges that they face as well as the multiple roles negotiated in everyday life.
Adsorption of Soil-Derived Humic Acid by Seven Clay Minerals: A Systematic Study
Authors: Chotzen Rebecca A. , Polubesova Tamara , Chefetz Benny , Mishael Yael G.
Published: February 2017

Humic acid (HA)-clay complexes are well known for their contribution to soil structure and environmental processes. Despite extensive research, the mechanisms governing HA adsorption are yet to be resolved. A systematic study was conducted to characterize the adsorption of a soil-derived HA to seven clay minerals. Clay surfaces affected HA adsorption directly due to structural differences and indirectly by altering solution pH. The following order of HA removal was obtained for the clay minerals at their natural pH: illite ≫ palygorskite > kaolinite > sepiolite > montmorillonite = hectorite ≫ talc. Removal of HA (precipitation and adsorption) by kaolinite and illite was attributed to the low pH they induce, resulting in protonation of the clay and HA surfaces. In spite of the low pH, the zeta potential for HA remained negative, which promoted HA adsorption to the protonated clay surfaces by ligand exchange. Ionic strength did not affect HA adsorption to clay minerals with low zeta potentials, indicating that charge screening is not a major mechanism of HA adsorption for these minerals, and supporting the suggestion that ligand exchange is the main adsorption mechanism to pH-dependent sites. The increase in ionic strength did, however, promote HA adsorption to clay minerals with high zeta potentials. At pH 8–9 the order of HA affinity for clay minerals was: palygorskite >>sepiolite > montmorillonite = hectorite > kaolinite > illite > talc, emphasizing strong HA interactions with the fibrous clays. This strong affinity was attributed to their large surface areas and to strong interactions with OH groups on these clay surfaces. Results indicated that HA did not enter the intracrystalline channels of the fibrous clays but suggested that their macro-fiber structure facilitates HA adsorption. The sorption of HA to kaolinite further increased in the presence of Cu2+, and the sorption of Cu2+ increased in the presence of HA, due to a number of synergistic effects. This study emphasizes the diverse effects of clay structure and solution chemistry on HA adsorption.
Kaolinite and Halloysite Derived from Sequential Transformation of Pedogenic Smectite and Kaolinite-Smectite in a 120 ka Tropical Soil Chronosequence
Authors: Ryan P. C. , Huertas F. J. , Hobbs F. W. C. , Pincus L. N.
Published: February 2017

Tropical soils range from nutrient-depleted lateritic soils rich in halloysite or kaolinite to Inceptisols rich in interstratified kaolinite-smectite (K-S), smectite, or related 2:1 clays. Given the strong influence of clay minerals on tropical soil quality, better understanding of factors influencing their occurrence is important for modeling and managing tropical environments. This study examines the alteration of smectite to kaolinite by way of intermediate K-S and halloysite in a 120 ka moist tropical chronosequence. Iron-rich smectite (11.6 ± 2.2% Fe2O3) is the dominant mineral in Holocene soils (1–8 ka) originating from sediments rich in plagioclase and clinopyroxene. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) of smectite is 54–84 cmolc/kg and pH is 6.1 to 7.4. Within 50 ka, smectite fixes Al-hydroxy complexes into interlayers, K+ is retained preferentially over Ca2+, and 2:1 layers are stripped of tetrahedral sheets; the resulting K-S inherits flaky smectite crystal habit and the 2:1 layers — which only expand partially — include Al-hydroxy smectite and some illite-like layers. After 50 ka, the dominant mineral is K-S, the CEC is 18–28 cmolc/kg, and the pH is 5.3. Flaky Fe-kaolinite with ~10% residual smectite layers and halloysite (7.4% Fe2O3) also occur in 50 ka soil. The 120 ka soils are dominated by flaky Fe-kaolinite (<10% residual smectite layers) and halloysite (4.9% Fe2O3), and Fe-poor hexagonal kaolinite also occurs (5–10% of soil). The CEC is 11–16 cmolc/kg and the pH is 4.7–5.3.

Changes in crystal chemistry of the soil clays (decreasing Fe, Mg, Ca, and K; increasing Al) over time reflects two reaction mechanisms: (1) cell-preserved transformation of smectite layers to kaolinite layers that accompanies conversion of smectite to K-S and eventually kaolinite; this results in the formation of flaky Fe-rich kaolinites after 50 ka; and (2) dissolution of K-S followed by crystallization of halloysite. Neoformation of hexagonal kaolinite and/or halloysite with low Fe (<3% Fe2O3) follows dissolution of Fe-kaolinite or halloysite after 100 ka. This sequence is probably common in moist tropical soils and these findings may inform modeling of soil composition in tropical landscapes where tectonic, volcanic, or geomorphic activity periodically exposes unweathered parent material, producing a range of soil ages.
XRD and TEM Studies on Nanophase Manganese Oxides in Freshwater Ferromanganese Nodules from Green Bay, Lake Michigan
Authors: Lee Seungyeol , Xu Huifang
Published: February 2017

Freshwater ferromanganese nodules (FFN) from Green Bay, Lake Michigan have been investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), micro X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The samples can be divided into three types: Mn-rich nodules, Fe-Mn nodules, and Fe-rich nodules. The manganese-bearing phases are todorokite, birnessite, and buserite. The iron-bearing phases are feroxyhyte, goethite, 2-line ferrihydrite, and proto-goethite (intermediate phase between feroxyhyte and goethite). The XRD patterns from nodule cross sections suggest the transformation of birnessite to todorokite. The TEM-EDS spectra show that todorokite is associated with Ba, Co, Ni, and Zn; birnessite is associated with Ca and Na; and buserite is associated with Ca. The todorokite has an average chemical formula of Ba0.28p2+(Zn0.14p+2Co0.05p3+Ni0.02p2+) (Mn4.99p4+Mn0.82p3+Fe0.12p3+Co0.05p3+Ni0.02p2+) O12·nH2O. Barium is the main cation in the structural tunnels of the todorokite. The average chemical formula of birnessite and Ca-buserite are: Na0.14p+Ca0.19p2+(Mn1.48p4+Mn0.52p3+0.52) O4·nH2O and Ca0.27p2+(Mn1.46p4+Mn0.54p3+)O4·nH2O, respectively. Most nodules have a concretionary structure of alternating Fe/Mn layers, commonly with a core of reddish feldspar containing phyllosilicates and hematite micro-crystals. Other cores consist of goethite, cristobalite, tridymite, hercynite, hematite-bearing quartz, coal, and chlorite-bearing rock fragments. The hexagonal or hexagonal-like structures of hematite micro-crystals and clay minerals in the cores may serve as heterogeneous nucleation sites for the Mn-oxides and Fe-(oxyhydr)oxides. The alternating Fe/Mn layers in FFNs might be caused by oscillatory redox condition fluctuations at the sediment-water interface due to changes in water level.
Surface Crystal Chemistry of Phyllosilicates Using X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: A Review
Authors: Elmi Chiara , Guggenheim Stephen , Gieré Reto
Published: February 2017

The characterization of freshly cleaved mica surfaces for surface structure and chemical composition was briefly reviewed and focused on surface crystal chemistry using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and other surface-sensitive techniques. This paper considers micas, which are useful as a first approximation for the behavior of many clay surfaces. Emphasis was given to phyllosilicate XPS binding energies (“chemical shift”), which were described and used to obtain oxidation state, layer charge, and chemical bonding information from the chemical shifts of different peaks. The chemical shift of the Si2p binding-energy to lower values can result from a negative charge increase because of Si4+ replacement by Al3+ and/or Fe3+. The apparent interlayer coordination number reduction from twelve to eight at muscovite and tetraferri-phlogopite (001) surfaces was indicated by the XPS measured K2p binding-energy and is consistent with bond relaxation. Although chemical shifts are valuable to distinguish chemical bonding and oxidation state, chemical shifts usually cannot distinguish between different Al coordination environments where Al is in both tetrahedral and octahedral sites.
Clay Minerals in Deeply Buried Paleoregolith Profiles, Norwegian North Sea
Authors: Riber Lars , Dypvik Henning , Sørlie Ronald , Ferrell Ray E.
Published: February 2017

Recent discoveries of oil in deeply buried paleoregolith profiles on the Utsira High, Norwegian North Sea, was the first time basement rocks had been demonstrated to be petroleum reservoirs on the Norwegian continental shelf. The present study aimed to establish the processes responsible for the primary weathering sequence, distinguish them from other phases of alteration, and create a model for the development of reservoir properties in crystalline basement rocks.

Hand-specimen and laboratory tests revealed a link between reservoir properties in weathered granitic rocks and alteration facies. Samples were obtained from two distinct paleoregolith profiles on the Utsira High. The core samples were studied in detail by optical microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray fluorescence. In the altered coherent rock facies, porosity and permeability were mainly created by joints and fractures prior to subaerial exposure. In the altered compact rock and altered incoherent rock facies, the development of reservoir properties was increasingly affected by physicochemical interactions between the rock and percolating fluids during subaerial exposure and early diagenesis. In well 16/3-4, the altered coherent rock facies contained R0 illite-smectite (I-S), well ordered kaolinite, and a mixture of fine-grained mica and illite, produced in semi-open and closed microsystems. In the altered compact rock and altered incoherent rock facies, disordered kaolinite became more abundant at the expense of R0 I-S, well ordered kaolinite, plagioclase, and biotite, suggesting alteration in semi-open microsystems. The collapse of the rock structure and clogging of mesofractures by clays contributed to reduced permeability in the clay-rich upper part of the altered incoherent rock. In contrast, well 16/1-15 represented a more deeply truncated weathering profile compared to 16/3-4, characterized by open and interconnected mesofractures and moderate formation of clay. R0 I-S was present and kaolinite was rare throughout the profile, suggesting stagnant conditions. During burial, a porosity-reducing serpentine-chlorite Ib β = 90° polytype formed in the overlying sandstone and the regolith. Application of these results should improve the success of exploration and production efforts related to hydrocarbon reservoirs in the altered crystalline basement.
Diminished satellite cell fusion and S6K1 expression in myotubes derived from skeletal muscle of low birth weight neonatal pigs
Authors: Chen Ying , Zhu Haibo , McCauley Sydney R. , Zhao Lidan , Johnson Sally E. , Rhoads Robert P. , El‐Kadi Samer W.
Published: February 2017

Low birth weight (LBWT) is consistently associated with impaired postnatal muscle growth in mammals. Satellite cell (SC)‐mediated myonuclear incorporation precedes protein accumulation in the early stages of postnatal muscle development and growth. The objective of this study was to investigate proliferation and differentiation ofSCs and the regulation of protein synthesis signaling in response to insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐I stimulation inSC‐derived myotubes ofLBWTneonatal pigs.SCs isolated fromLongissimus dorsimuscle ofLBWTandNBWTpigs (3‐d‐old, n = 8) were cultured and induced to proliferate and differentiate to myotubes in vitro. On day 3 of differentiation, myotubes were fasted in serum‐free media for 3 h and treated with human recombinant R3‐insulin‐like growth factor‐I (rhIGF‐I) at 0, 25, and 50 ng × mL−1for 30 min. There was no difference in proliferation rates ofSCs fromLBWTandNBWTpigs. However,LBWT SCfusion was 15% lower (P ≤ 0.05) without a difference inMyoDormyogeninmRNAexpression in comparison withNBWTpigs, suggestingSCs are not intrinsically different between the two groups.IGF‐Ι stimulation at physiological concentrations activated downstream effectors ofmTORsimilarly in myotubes fromLBWTandNBWTpigs. However, abundance of ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1(S6K1) was lower in myotubes ofLBWTcompared to theirNBWTsiblings (P ≤ 0.05). These results indicate that the modest reduction inSCfusion and S6K1 expression are not the major contributors to the impaired postnatal muscle growth ofLBWTpigs.
Tool selection and the ventral‐dorsal organization of tool‐related knowledge
Authors: Tobia Michael J. , Madan Christopher R.
Published: February 2017

Tool selection is a cognitive process necessary for tool use, and may rely on distinct knowledge under different conditions. This fMRI experiment was designed to identify neural substrates mediating tool selection under different conditions. Participants performed a picture‐matching task that presented a recipient object and an action‐goal, and required the selection of the best tool object from among four candidates. Some trials allowed selection of the prototypical tool, whereas others forced selection of either a functionally substitutable or impossible tool. Statistical contrasts revealed significantly different activation between Proto and Sub conditions in frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes. The middle temporal gyrus (MTG) bilaterally, and the right posterior cingulate were more strongly activated by prototypical tool selection, and left inferior parietal lobule (IPL), intraparietal sulcus (IPS), middle frontal gyrus, and precuneus were more strongly activated when selecting substitutable objects. These findings are concordant with previous neuroimaging studies of tool use knowledge in demonstrating that activation of the MTG represents functional knowledge for conventional tool usage, and activation of the IPL/IPS supports action (i.e., praxic) knowledge representations. These results contribute to the literature that dissociates the roles of ventral and dorsal streams in tool‐related knowledge and behavior, and emphasize the role of the left hemisphere for processing goal‐directed object interactions.
Hemodynamic responses are reduced with aerobic compared with resistance blood flow restriction exercise
Authors: May Anthony K. , Brandner Christopher R. , Warmington Stuart A.
Published: February 2017

The hemodynamics of light‐load exercise with an applied blood‐flow restriction (BFR) have not been extensively compared between light‐intensity, BFR, and high‐intensity forms of both resistance and aerobic exercise in the same participant population. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to use a randomized crossover design to examine the hemodynamic responses to resistance and aerobic BFR exercise in comparison with a common high‐intensity and light‐intensity non‐BFR exercise. On separate occasions participants completed a leg‐press (resistance) or treadmill (aerobic) trial. Each trial comprised a light‐intensity bout (LI) followed by a light‐intensity bout with BFR (80% resting systolic blood pressure (LI+BFR)), then a high‐intensity bout (HI). To characterize the hemodynamic response, measures of cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate and blood pressure were taken at baseline and exercise for each bout. Exercising hemodynamics for leg‐press LI+BFR most often resembled those for HI and were greater than LI (e.g. for systolic blood pressure LI+BFR = 152 ± 3 mmHg; HI = 153 ± 3; LI = 143 ± 3 P < 0.05). However, exercising hemodynamics for treadmill LI+BFR most often resembled those for LI and were lower than HI (e.g. for systolic pressure LI+BFR = 124 ± 2 mmHg; LI = 123 ± 2; HI = 140 ± 3 P < 0.05). In conclusion, the hemodynamic response for light aerobic (walking) BFR exercise suggests this mode of BFR exercise may be preferential for chronic use to develop muscle size and strength, and other health benefits in certain clinical populations that are contraindicated to heavy‐load resistance exercise.
Dissipation of Energy in Tissues of Berry Fruit of Selected Plants Species under Cyclic Load Conditions
Authors: Bohdziewicz Jerzy , Czachor Gabriel
Published: February 2017

Dissipation hypothesis of energy under cyclic loads conditions was used to characterize the behavior of berry fruit. The possibility of dissipation of energy as a result of plastic deformations (Dawidenkow hypothesis) or visco-elastic deformations (Voigt hypothesis) was considered. Tests of hysteresis of whole fruit squeezed among two rigid plates for various levels of load and with various speeds of deformation of samples for two directions of load application were conducted for verification of the usefulness of both hypotheses. The strength tests were preceded by the test of hysteresis, the mass and the geometry of fruit were determined additionally as well as conventional density and moisture was counted. A mutual relation of average values of the coefficients of elasticity ECwas accepted as the measure of dissipation of energy as a result of changes in the angle of inclination of the curve in the springy return phase. Voigt hypothesis was confirmed as useful within the range of small speeds of deformation and lack of usefulness of the Dawidenkow hypothesis was proved.
Present Trends in Research on Application of Artificial Neural Networks in Agricultural Engineering
Authors: Francik Sławomir , Ślipek Zbigniew , Frączek Jarosław , Knapczyk Adrian
Published: February 2017

The objective of the paper was to carry out a bibliometric quantitative analysis of publications concerning the application of artificial neural networks in the research area - agriculture and a bibliometric quantitative analysis and subject analysis with regard to agricultural engineering. A number of scientific publications devoted to the ANN found in the data base of the Web of Science - in documents published to 2015 was a basis for the quantitative analysis. Research on the use of artificial neural networks in the research area - agriculture is extending systematically. Moreover, a rapidly growing number of citations prove a continuous increase in the scientists’ interest in possibilities of the ANN applications. The quantitative analysis of scientific publications in 5 selected scientific journals and thematically related to agricultural engineering (indexed in the Web of Science) allowed a statement that 236 scientific articles from 1996- 2015 were related to the ANN application. The biggest number of publications was reported in Computers and Electronics in Agriculture - 118 articles. In 2011-2015 there was a growing trend in dynamics of publishing of scientific papers devoted to the ANN application to agricultural engineering. Thus, we may assume that the research related to application of the artificial neural networks to agricultural engineering will be continued and their scope and number will be still growing. The thematic analysis of the most often quoted publications from 2011-2015 in the journal Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, proved that they concern both the issues related to the classification problem as well as to modelling processes and systems. We should suppose that the subjects related to modelling of drying processes and application of neural networks for image analysis will grow dynamically in the following years.
Impact of Pretreatment of Wheat Grain Using Infrared Radiation on Flour Falling Number
Authors: Kania Mariusz , Sagan Agnieszka , Blicharz-Kania Agata , Starek Agnieszka , Ślaska-Grzywna Beata , Bochniak Andrzej , Kubik-Komar Agnieszka , Krajewska Marta , Zdybel Beata
Published: February 2017

The aim of the research was to determine how time of infrared radiation heating of grains influences the falling number of flour gained from wheat variety Waluta and spelled wheat variety Schwabenkorn. Moisture content was determined in the first stage of the study and it was 12% ± 1%. Then grain was moisturized to the moisture of: 14, 16 and 18%. Prepared material was subjected to infrared radiation heating at the temperature of 150°C for 30, 60, 90 and 120 seconds. The heated material was sent to milling, and the falling number was determined. It has been found that the infrared radiation heating of wheat grains prior to milling significantly affects the falling number of flour, which increases with the duration of heating grain.
Analysis of Parameters which Affect Regularity of Air Flow in Perforated Pipe
Authors: Kurpaska Sławomir , Latała Hubert , Baran Dariusz
Published: February 2017

The paper presents the results of analysis which enable determination of the value of the pressure losses coefficients which occurred during air suction and flow through a perforated pipe. Knowledge on them is indispensable for determination of regularity of air suction along the considered pipe. Exiting the basic energy equation, firstly a local coefficient of pressure losses was determined and then the form of the relation for its determination in the function of independent variables was found out. In the second stage, the value of pressure losses caused by mutual crossing of two streams (axial stream and stream sucked by the side surface of a pipe) was determined. Also, for this coefficient, the form of the correlation equation including power relation between the independent variables was emphasised. The calculated values of the discussed coefficients from determined forms of correlation equations are satisfactorily compliant with the calculated values from the experiments which were carried out.
Economic Effectiveness of Straw Pellets Production
Authors: Kwaśniewski Dariusz , Kuboń Maciej
Published: February 2017

The objective of the paper was to present straw pellets production technology and to determine their production costs. The paper presents also the cost structure and economic effectiveness of pellets production. Tests were carried out in EKO-BIOMASA company which produces pellets. It is located in Biechów in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. Unit costs of pellets production were: 310.20 PLN ∙ t-1 for option 1, 285.40 PLN ∙ t-1 for option 2 and 278.90 PLN ∙ t-1 for option 3. The most favourable was option 3 when the pellet production was carried out on the technology line in the 3-shift system day and night. In all three variants of pellet production, the highest costs were in case of electric energy. Its participation in the cost structure in relation to the option was within 42% (option 3) and 38% (option 1). The obtained indicator of economic effectiveness for all the investigated options was higher than one.
Improvement of Harvesting Methods of Perennial Seed Grass
Authors: Perepravo Nikolaj , Zolotarev Vladimir , Ševcov Aleksej , Ahlamov Jurij , Otroško Sergej , Šarikov Nikolaj , Kosolapov Vladimir , Marczuk Andrzej , Caban Jacek
Published: February 2017

In case of traditional harvesting methods the losses of perennial grass seeds may reach 45-50% of the biological yield in unfavourable weather conditions. The paper presents the results of comparative assessment efficiency of various methods of harvesting of perennial seed grass. It was found that the use of special devices and structures in combine harvesters allows increase of yield of technological mixture to the combine tank, degree of seed threshing to 93% and limit the losses of crop to 20-29%. Harvesting of seeds in non-waste technology with harvesting of the entire yield with later transport, drying, threshing and seeds cleaning in stationary devices results in reduction of losses by 5 to 10% but it leads to the increase of energy inputs by 24-25% in comparison to traditional with threshing method. Harvesting with a combing method of plant seeds on a trunk in „Невейки” technology results in the increase of the seeds harvesting to 86-98% of a biological yield.
Colouration of Apple cv. ‘Braeburn’ Grown Under Anti-Hail Nets in Croatia
Authors: Fruk Goran , Fruk Mladen , Vuković Marko , Buhin Josip , Jatoi Mushtaque Ahmed , Jemrić Tomislav
Published: February 2017

Four anti-hail and anti-insect nets (red, white and yellow anti-hail and Stop Drosophila Normal) were used on apple cv. ‘Braeburn’ grown in northern Croatia in order to evaluate their effect on fruit colouration that was measured with the colorimeter (expressed as: L* – lightness, a* – yellow/blue b* – green/red) on two sides of fruit (“green” side and “red” side), and also they were used in order to evaluate their effect on the coloured surface percentage, apart from their anti-hail and pest damage protection properties. The fruits were harvested on 12th October 2015. Most differences were found between the fruit grown under the white anti-hail net and the fruit grown without the anti-hail net. Colour value “a*” was lower on the red side of the fruit under the white net in comparison with the red net. On the green side, “a*” value was lower and “L*” value was higher under the white net in comparison with control fruit. Different net colour had no influence on total colour difference. Regarding to the colouration, differences among the nets are found in classes 0–25% and 50–75% of skin coloured fruit. The fruit grown under the white nets had the higher percentage of fruit in class 0–25% than those grown without the net. The lower share of fruit in class 50–75% of skin colouration was recorded under the white net than under the red net or in the control fruit. Colouration index was lower in the fruit grown under the white net than in the control fruit. It can be concluded that the white anti-hail net promotes ripening, but at the same time it decreases red colouration. No significant differences in fruit colour have been found in the fruit grown under the red, yellow and Stop Drosophila Normal nets. Some accepted colour parameters such as a*/b* ratio are not appropriate for describing colour changes in ‘Braeburn’ apple in this study.
Effect of Orange and Cinnamon Oil on the Occurrence and Harmfulness of Thrips tabaci Lind on Onion – Preliminary Results
Authors: Pobożniak Maria , Grabowska Dominika , Olczyk Marta
Published: February 2017

The aim of the present research work was to investigate the effect of orange and cinnamon oil on the occurrence and harmfulness of Thrips tabaci Lind on onion. In 2014, the nonchemical treatment was made with Prev-B2 (the concentration of 0.4%), which contains: 4.2% of orange oil, 2.1% of boron and product Canol 70% p/p exstract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum. In 2015, only Prev-B2 product was used. The standard sprayer was used and the treatments were done: twice in 2014 and three times in 2015. The thrips were collected directly from the leaves, using standard sweeping nets. The plants were examined to find the leave damages caused by feeding thrips. In 2014, Thrips tabaci was recorded from 11 June to 19 August, whereas in 2015 from 24 June to 4 August. Over two years of observations, the highest number of thrips was collected from onion growing on control plots (not treated with any preparation). Also, the mean percentage of areas damaged on the onion leaves was significantly higher on control plots than on plots treated with cinnamon oil in 2014 and orange oil in 2015.
Effect of Some Oenological Practices Applied Before the Alcoholic Fermentation on the Chemical Composition and Sensory Characteristics of White Wines
Authors: Yoncheva Tatyana , Haygarov Vanyo , Dimitrov Dimitar , Kóňová Elka
Published: February 2017

The effect of the oenological practices, maceration and maceration with the addition of aromatic enzyme before the alcoholic fermentation on the composition, aromatic components and organoleptic profile of experimental wines from the local varieties Dimyat, Muscat Vrachanski and the newly-selected variety Plevenska Rosa was studied. The investigation was carried out during the period 2013–2014, with grapes and wine from the studied varieties grown in the soil and climatic conditions of the town of Pleven (Central Northern Bulgaria). The applied technological practices had increased the sugar-free extract and the total phenolic compounds content in the experimental samples. The highest rates for these indicators revealed the variants of Plevenska Rosa variety. The amount of esters and higher alcohols was greater in the wines obtained after maceration and maceration with the addition of aromatic enzyme in the grape must. The total esters concentration was the highest in the samples of the aromatic varieties Muscat Vrachanski and Plevenska Rosa. There was not observed a direct correlation between the applied oenological practices, enhancing the extraction and the aromatic components content in the experimental variants and their organoleptic profile.
Examination of BRT® Greenmoss, BRT® Evergreen and Fainsoil Bioactivator (FBA) in the Production of Tagetes patula L. ‘Csemő’
Authors: Tilly-Mándy Andrea , Radó-Takács Anna , Rab Z. , Honfi Péter
Published: February 2017

Three kinds of recently developed plant growing media and organic fertilizers were studied separately or in combinations in Tagetes patula L. ‘Csemő’ production at the Szent István University, Budapest in 2014. Plant height and width; fresh weight and fresh/dry weight rate, chlorophyll content and peroxidase enzyme activity were detected. Highest and widest plants were obtained in BRT® GreenMoss, GreenMoss in combination with 10% BRT® Evergreen and in common growing mixture combined with 30% BRT® Evergreen in combination with Fainsoil Bioactivator treatment. All treatments increased fresh weight and chlorophyll content.
Susceptibility and pathological consequences of catla, Catla catla (Hamilton) experimentally infected with Edwardsiella tarda
Authors: Devi Thongam Bidya , Abraham T. Jawahar , Kamilya Dibyendu
Published: February 2017

The present study tested the susceptibility and pathological changes of catla, Catla catla (Hamilton) infected with Edwardsiella tarda (ET-PG-29). The bacterium was isolated from the kidney of a diseased pangas catfish. To determine the median lethal dose (LD50), C. catla were challenged with this bacterium (108-103CFU ml-1), and the LD50was calculated as 105.5CFU ml-1. Another set of healthy C. catla were injected intraperitoneally with the LD50dose to induce edwardsiellosis. The clinical signs of the infected C. catla were observed and recorded. Tissues such as kidney, liver, intestine, heart, and gill from the infected fish with clinical signs of edwardsiellosis were used for histopathology. The clinical and gross signs were first visible at 1 d post-injection, and the infected fish showed typical signs of hemorrhagic septicemia. The most striking histopathological features were found in the kidney which showed multi-focal necrosis with the formation of granuloma indicating an inflammatory response against the pathogen. The intestine displayed goblet cell hyperplasia, the liver showed hydropic degeneration with hyperemic central veins, and there was inflammation of gill lamellae and cardiac myositis associated with leucocyte infiltration. Collectively, the results confirmed the susceptibility of C. catla to E. tarda infection and that this bacterium is a threat to C. catla in aquaculture practices.
Change in the Content of Mobile Forms of Cu and Zn in the Leached Chernozem Under the Pyrogenic Effect
Authors: Devyatova T.A. , Gorbunova Yu.S. , Sorokina N.A. , Yablonskikh L.A.
Published: February 2017

The forest fire effect on the leached chernozem results in the organic matter loss and the decrease in content of alkali-hydrolysed nitrogen compounds. The content of ash components as well as mobile forms of Cu and Zn in the topsoil has increased. It can be connected with the ashes appearing in the soil surface, which are rich in microelements.
Significant Correlations Dependence of High-Risk Chemical Elements in the Environment
Authors: Urminská Jana
Published: February 2017

With the development of industry, agriculture, exploitation of natural sources and with boom of settlement density, the environment is being affected by potentially toxic elements; the phenomenon is consequently reflected on human health. Cadmium is a high risk element for the whole environment. The aim of this research was to analyse and evaluate sediments of selected water reservoirs during the ten-year period in order to determine the concentrations of selected, potentially toxic elements. For statistical processing, the correlation coefficient by the Spearman method and the analysis of the index were used. Sediments are reliable indicators of environmental pollution. The analyses of the sediment samples were carried out by the flow electrochemistry and the atomic absorption spectrometry methods. The total concentration of Cd in sediments was up to 22.60 mg kg−1 of dry matter. pH/KCl was marked in the range from 5.6 to 7.2. From statistical processing of sediments data by Spearman, we determined the dependencies between Cd and the following elements: As, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn. The relations between Cd and the following elements: Pb, As and Cu were very highly positive.
Evolutions and equilibrium parameters of foam films from individual solutions of Bovine serum albumin, n-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside and from their mixed solutions
Authors: Gerasimova Anelia Tsvetanova , Angarska Jana Кrumova , Tachev Krasimir Dimov
Published: February 2017

The evolutions of thinning of films from individual solutions of BSA, C12G2 and from their mixed solutions with molar ratios 1:1, 1:7.5, 1:50 and 1:100 with pH = 4.9 were recorded by modified (with video camera) interferometric method. Based on them the stages through which the film goes from its formation to the equilibrium state were distinguished. It was shown that: (i) the difference between the kinetic of drainage of films stabilized by high and low molecular surfactants is drastic; (ii) only the change of the pH solution under or above isoelectric point strongly retards the film drainage; (iii) the transition of the kinetic of thinning of films from mixed solutions from a kinetic typical for high molecular substances towards a kinetic for low substances depends on the molar ratio between the components in the solution. From the picture of film corresponding to its equilibrium state the type of film was determined. From the analysis of this picture the equilibrium thickness and contact angle were calculated. It was found that the criterion for Newtonium black films (based on the values of film thickness and contact angle) is not directly applicable for films from protein solutions or mixed solutions with the participation of proteins.
Experimental studies on equilibrium adsorption isosteres and determination of the thermodynamic quantities of polar media on alumina Al2O3
Authors: Yonova Albena
Published: February 2017

The present work is a revieif of theoretical and experimental study on the adsorption performance of the adsorbent Alumina (Al2O3) used in the adsorption system. An experimental investigation on the equilibrium adsorption isosteres at low pressure (< 1 atm) of working pairs Al2O3/H2O and Al2O3/C2H6O2 is carried out. The isovolume measurement method is adopted in the test setup to directly measure the saturated vapor pressures of working pairs at vapor-liquid equilibrium (dG=0 and dμi=0). Quantity adsorbed is determined from pressure, volume and temperature using gas law. The isosteric heat of adsorption is calculated from the slope of the plot of lnP versus 1/T different amounts of adsorbate onto adsorbent as follows: 0,01 vol% Al2O3/H2O; 0,03 vol% Al2O3/H2O; 0,1 vol% Al2O3/H2O; 0,01 vol% Al2O3/C2H6O2; 0,03 vol% Al2O3/C2H6O2; 0,1 vol% Al2O3/C2H6O2. This study shows that adsorption working pair Al2O3 C2H6O2 has better adsorption performances than those of the A2O3/H2O. Surface acidity! is a most important property! far both adsorption and catalysis and therefore is examined structure of active sites of alumina surface. Thermodynamic parameters such as isosteric heat of adsorption, isosteric enthalpy and entropy of adsorption are critical design variables in estimating the performance and predicting the mechanism of an adsorption process and are also one of the basic requirements for the characterization and optimization of an adsorption process
Mazer’s theory application in Bi4Ge3O12:V
Authors: Petkova P. , Vasilev P. , Bedzhev B. , Belcheva R.
Published: February 2017

The recent development of coherent light amplifiers and oscillators, now generally referred to as optical masers “or lasers,” has made feasible a host of new uses and applications of electromagnetic wave energy in the optical portion of the spectrum. Furthermore, the high degree of monochromaticity obtainable from an optical maser makes it a useful tool for spectroscopic investigations as well as for stimulating various types of chemical and physical reactions. The effect of vanadium doping transforms Bi4Ge3O12 single crystals into optical maser. This result can be observed after thermoluminescence at 556 nm.
The regional approach and regional studies method in the process of geography teaching
Authors: Dermendzhieva Stela , Doikov Martin
Published: February 2017

We define the regional approach as a manner of relations among the global trends of development of the “Society-man-nature” system and the local differentiating level of knowledge. Conditionally, interactions interlace under the influence of the character of Geography as a science, education, approaches, goals and teaching methods.

Global, national and local development differentiates in three concentric circles at the level of knowledge. It is determined as a conception of modern, complex and effective mechanism for young people, through which knowledge develops in regional historical and cultural perspective; self-consciousness for socio-economic and cultural integration is formed as a part of the. historical-geographical image of the native land. This way an attitude to the. native land is formed as a connecting construct between patriotism to the motherland and the same in global aspect.

The possibility for integration and cooperation of the educative geographical content with all the local historical-geographical, regional, profession orientating, artistic, municipal and district institutions, is outlined.

Contemporary geographical education appears to be a powerful and indispensable mechanism for organization of human sciences, while the regional approach and the application of the regional studies method stimulate and motivate the development and realization of optimal capacities for direct connection with the local structures and environments.