bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Friction Stir Weldability at High Welding Speed of Two Structural High Pressure Die Casting Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Vivas Javier , Fernández-Calvo Ana Isabel , Aldanondo Egoitz , Irastorza Uxue , Álvarez Pedro
Published: December 2022

In this work, the friction stir weldability of two structural high-pressure die casting aluminum alloys designed to manufacture thin-walled automotive components is investigated and compared. AlSi10MnMg and AlMg4Fe2 alloys were friction stir welded at a high welding speed (from 500 to 2000 mm/min) for a fixed rotation speed of 1500 RPM. The investigation was performed by studying the material flow influence on defect formation and microstructure, the mechanical properties of the welds and the forces that act during the friction stir welding process. The AlSi10MnMg alloy shows a lower incidence of defects than the AlMg4Fe2 alloy at all welding speeds investigated. Both materials present a great friction stir welding performance at 500 mm/min with a high joint efficiency in terms of ultimate tensile strength: 92% in AlSi10MnMg alloy and 99% in AlMg4Fe2 alloy.
Virtual Surgical Planning, 3D-Printing and Customized Bone Allograft for Acute Correction of Severe Genu Varum in Children
Authors: Alessandri Giulia , Frizziero Leonardo , Santi Gian Maria , Liverani Alfredo , Dallari Dante , Vivarelli Leonardo , Di Gennaro Giovanni Luigi , Antonioli Diego , Menozzi Grazia Chiara , Depaoli Alessandro , Rocca Gino , Trisolino Giovanni
Published: December 2022

Complex deformities of lower limbs are frequent in children with genetic or metabolic skeletal disorders. Early correction is frequently required, but it is technically difficult and burdened by complications and recurrence. Herein, we described the case of a 7-year-old girl affected by severe bilateral genu varum due to spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia. The patient was treated by patient-specific osteotomies and customized structural wedge allograft using Virtual Surgical Planning (VSP) and 3D-printed patient-specific instrumentation (PSI). The entire process was performed through an in-hospital 3D-printing Point-of-Care (POC). VSP and 3D-printing applied to pediatric orthopedic surgery may allow personalization of corrective osteotomies and customization of structural allografts by using low-cost in-hospital POC. However, optimal and definitive alignment is rarely achieved in such severe deformities in growing skeleton through a single operation.
Political Connectedness and Financial Performance of SMEs
Authors: Ashyrov Gaygysyz , Lukason Oliver
Published: December 2022

The extant literature on the association of political connectedness and performance of large firms has led to controversial results, while the context of micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) has largely been overlooked in relevant studies. To resolve these gaps, the objective of this paper is to study the link between the political connections of firm board members and financial performance in the Estonian SME population. Using a wide selection of financial performance and political connectedness variables, the composed regressions indicated that firms with politically connected boards underperform their unconnected counterparts. The findings remained robust not only through different measures of dependent and independent variables, but also periods studied.
Carfilzomib-Induced Thrombotic Microangiopathy Treated with Eculizumab: A Case Report and Rapid Literature Review
Authors: Pallotti Federica , Queffeulou Claire , Bellal Mathieu , Jean-Jacques Bastien , Gac Anne-Claire , Chatelet Valérie , Boyer Annabel , Gueutin Victor
Published: December 2022

Background: Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs) can be induced by drugs. Recent works have indicated proteasome inhibitors, including carfilzomib, as a possible new causative agent. Although the physiopathology and management of carfilzomib-induced TMA are still unknown, eculizumab seems to be efficient. Results: We report a clinical case of TMA during carfilzomib treatment for multiple myeloma, possibly triggered by a concomitant influenza infection, suggesting a multi-hit process. Histologic analysis of the kidney biopsy proved renal TMA. Eculizumab allowed rapid and long-lasting renal and hematologic recovery. We enriched our work with a systemic review of published cases of carfilzomib-induced TMA treated by eculizumab. Twelve patients were included, all of whom presented acute renal failure and nine of them required hemodialysis. Eculizumab led to TMA resolution in eleven patients and complete renal recovery with hemodialysis withdrawal for seven of them within a month. One patient died from multiple myeloma progression. Two patients presented inter-current viral infection. Soluble complement fragment Bb and C5b9s were found in two patients and genetic benign variant of Factor H (CFH3–CFH1) in four. Conclusion: Our results suggest that eculizumab is effective in carfilzomib-induced TMA, which could support its inclusion as a treatment option. Further studies are required to clarify its physiopathology, complement role, and management.
Thyroid Eye Disease
Authors: Rashad Ramy , Pinto Raquel , Li Emily , Sohrab Mahsa , Distefano Alberto G.
Published: December 2022

Thyroid eye disease (TED), an autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the orbit, presents with a potential array of clinical sequelae. The pathophysiology behind TED has been partially characterized in the literature. There remain certain elusive mechanisms welcoming of research advances. Disease presentation can vary, but those that follow a characteristic course start mild and increase in severity before plateauing into an inactive phase. Diagnosis and evaluation include careful physical examination, targeted laboratory work up, appropriate imaging studies, and tailored treatment regimens. Special consideration may apply to certain populations, such as pediatric and pregnant patients.
HIV and SARS-CoV-2 Co-Infection: From Population Study Evidence to In Vitro Studies
Authors: Stefani Chiara , Fantoni Tobia , Bissoli Michele , Thomas Jordan , Ruggiero Alessandra
Published: December 2022

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have caused two major viral outbreaks during the last century. Two major aspects of HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection have been extensively investigated and deserve attention. First, the impact of the co-infection on the progression of disease caused by HIV-1 or SARS-CoV-2. Second, the impact of the HIV-1 anti-retroviral treatment on SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review, we aim to summarize and discuss the works produced since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic ranging from clinical studies to in vitro experiments in the context of co-infection and drug development.
A Comparative Machinability Study of SS 304 in Turning under Dry, New Micro-Jet, and Flood Cooling Lubrication Conditions
Authors: Haldar Barun , Joardar Hillol , Louhichi Borhen , Alsaleh Naser Abdulrahman , Alfozan Adel
Published: December 2022

The main objective of this experimental investigation is to examine favourable machining conditions by utilising fewer resources of machining industries for the techno-economical and ecological benefits. The machining operations are performed in turning SS 304 using coated carbide tool inserts under dry, water-soluble cutting fluid solution in the form of flood cooling and small-quantity lubrication (SQL) conditions by employing a newly formed micro-jet for a comparative classical chips study and analysis. The machining experiments are conducted in turning by a 25 kW precision CNC lathe with a special arrangement of micro-jets into the machining zone. Machining speeds and feed rates are varied under dry, micro-jet, and flood cooling conditions and their effects are studied on the type of chips and their morphology, chip reduction coefficient (ξ), and chip shear plane distance (d). The effect of machining environments on tool health conditions (such as BUEs, tool-edge chipping, and edge breaking) is examined for the inferences. In the range of low-speed machining (less than 600 m/min), metal cutting seems easier in flood cooling conditions, but it imposes more unfavourable effects (such as edge chipping and edge breaking) on the ceramic cutting tool’s health. On the other hand, the dry machining condition shows a favourable performance for a ceramic cutting tool. The optimum machining condition is found in the micro-jet SQL by the analysis of experimental data and observation results for the tool and work combination. The analysis of the results is carried out by the response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN). The ANN model is found to be more accurate than RSM. The aspects of effective green machining are emphasised.
3D Modeling of the Solidification Structure Evolution and of the Inter Layer/Track Voids Formation in Metallic Alloys Processed by Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Nastac Laurentiu
Published: December 2022

A fully transient discrete-source 3D Additive Manufacturing (AM) process model was coupled with a 3D stochastic solidification structure model to simulate the grain structure evolution quickly and efficiently in metallic alloys processed through Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion (EBPBF) and Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) processes. The stochastic model was adapted to rapid solidification conditions of multicomponent alloys processed via multi-layer multi-track AM processes. The capabilities of the coupled model include studying the effects of process parameters (power input, speed, beam shape) and part geometry on solidification conditions and their impact on the resulting solidification structure and on the formation of inter layer/track voids. The multi-scale model assumes that the complex combination of the crystallographic requirements, isomorphism, epitaxy, changing direction of the melt pool motion and thermal gradient direction will produce the observed texture and grain morphology. Thus, grain size, morphology, and crystallographic orientation can be assessed, and the model can assist in achieving better control of the solidification microstructures and to establish trends in the solidification behavior in AM components. The coupled model was previously validated against single-layer laser remelting IN625 experiments performed and analyzed at National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) using LPBF systems. In this study, the model was applied to predict the solidification structure and inter layer/track voids formation in IN718 alloys processed by LPBF processes. This 3D modeling approach can also be used to predict the solidification structure of Ti-based alloys processes by EBPBF.
Structural, Morphological, Electronic Structural, Optical, and Magnetic Properties of ZnO Nanostructures
Authors: Alnaim Nisrin , Kumar Shalendra , Alshoaibi Adil
Published: December 2022

ZnO nanostructures were grown on a Si(111) substrate using a vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) growth procedure (pristine ZnO) and annealed via a rapid thermal-annealing process in an argon atmosphere at 1100 °C (Ar-ZnO). The synthesized ZnO nanostructures were investigated through structural, electronic structural, morphological, optical, and magnetic characterizations. X-ray diffraction and selective area electron diffraction (SAED) measurements revealed that both samples exhibited the hexagonal wurtzite phase of nanocrystalline ZnO. Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy carried out at the O K-edge inferred the presence of the intrinsic-defect states. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy images displayed the formation of ZnO nanostructures. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra demonstrated an emission band in the UV region along with an additional defect band in the visible region. PL spectral analysis confirmed the presence of intrinsic defects in Ar-ZnO nanowires, contributing to the enhanced emission in the visible region. The Raman spectra showed the characteristic band (434 cm−1) corresponding to the vibrational modes of hexagonal wurtzite ZnO, with an additional band attributable to intrinsic defects. DC magnetization measurements showed a ferromagnetic response in both samples with enhanced coercivity in Ar-ZnO (~280 Oe). In brief, both samples exhibited the presence of intrinsic defects, which are found to be further enhanced in the case of Ar-ZnO. Therefore, it is suggested that intrinsic defects have played an important role in modifying the optical and magnetic properties of ZnO with enhanced results for Ar-ZnO.
Numerical Simulation and Experiment on Excavating Resistance of an Electric Cable Shovel Based on EDEM-RecurDyn Bidirectional Coupling
Authors: Feng Yinnan , Wu Juan , Guo Chenhao , Lin Baoguo
Published: December 2022

The electric cable shovel (ECS) is one of the core pieces of equipment used in open-pit mining, and the prediction of its excavating resistance is the basis and focus of optimization design, such as excavation trajectory planning and structure optimization of the ECS. Aiming to predict the excavating resistance of an ECS, a computer simulation method for the excavating resistance based on EDEM-RecurDyn bidirectional coupling simulation is proposed herein. Taking the China-made WK series ECS as the research object, a 1/30 scale model of the ECS was set up, a prototype model test bench of the ECS was built, and the kinematics solution and force analysis of the excavating process were carried out. According to the actual excavation conditions and excavating process of the ECS, a discrete element model of the material stack and a multibody dynamics model of the ECS prototype were established. The EDEM-RecurDyn bidirectional coupling simulation of the excavating process were realized using interface technology, and the excavating resistance levels under different speed combinations and different material repose angles were simulated and analyzed. In order to verify the accuracy of the simulation results, the feasibility and reliability of the EDEM-RecurDyn bidirectional coupling simulation were verified by physical experiments. The results show that the simulated excavating resistance is basically consistent with the excavating resistance measured in the experiment in terms of peak value and change trend, which verifies the feasibility and reliability of the EDEM-RecurDyn bidirectional coupling simulation to study the excavating resistance of an ECS.
Circular Economy in Practice: Building a Simple Greenhouse from Recycled Plastic
Authors: Yang Cheng-Jung , Lin Mei-Jyun , Chen Po-Tuan , Chiu Hsin-Lin
Published: December 2022

Reusing materials in multiple cycles is the key to achieving a circular economy. Recycled composite rods made from the mix of discarded fishing nets and car bumpers are proposed as a promising building material to construct a greenhouse. However, the mechanical properties of the recycled composite rods are different from their original materials, thus the feasibility for use in products must be verified through design, analysis, and implementation processes. In this study, we investigate the feasibility of recycling composite material through the force generated by the simulated eleven level wind blowing to the greenhouse. Static force analysis (axial tensile force, X-axis bending moment, and Y-axis bending moment) at the joints between rods showed that the bolt hole of the fasteners would not break and bring safety issues. Dynamic force analysis results indicate that, under vibration caused by an earthquake or operation of the exhaust fan, there would not be a sufficient resonance at the joint to cause the greenhouse to collapse. We demonstrate that the construction of a greenhouse covering an area of 60 m2 is feasible.
Wavelet-Based Three-Dimensional Inversion for Geomagnetic Depth Sounding
Authors: Li Shiwen , Liu Yunhe
Published: December 2022

The complexity of Earth’s structure poses a challenge to the multiscale detection capability of geophysics. In this paper, we present a new wavelet-based three-dimensional inversion method for geomagnetic depth sounding. This method is based on wavelet functions to transfer model parameters in the space domain into the wavelet domain. The model is represented by wavelet coefficients containing both large- and fine-scale information, enabling wavelet-based inversion to describe multiscale anomalies. L1-norm measurement is applied to measure the model roughness to accomplish the sparsity constraint in the wavelet domain. Meanwhile, a staggered-grid finite difference method in a spherical coordinate system is used to calculate the forward responses, and the limited-memory quasi-Newton method is applied to seek the solution of the inversion objective function. Inversion tests of synthetic data for multiscale models show that wavelet-based inversion is stable and has multiresolution. Although higher-order wavelets can lead to finer results, our tests present that a db6 wavelet is suitable for geomagnetic depth sounding inversion. The db6 inversion results of responses at 129 geomagnetic observatories around the world reveal a higher-resolution image of the mantle.
Simultaneous Confidence Intervals for the Ratios of the Means of Zero-Inflated Gamma Distributions and Its Application
Authors: Kaewprasert Theerapong , Niwitpong Sa-Aat , Niwitpong Suparat
Published: December 2022

Heavy rain in September (the middle of the rainy season in Thailand) can cause unexpected events and natural disasters such as flooding in many areas of the country. Rainfall series that contain both zero and positive values belong to the zero-inflated gamma distribution, which combines the binomial and gamma distributions. Precipitation in various areas of a country can be estimated by using simultaneous confidence intervals (CIs) for the ratios of the means of multiple zero-inflated gamma populations. Herein, we propose six simultaneous CIs constructed using the fiducial generalized CI method, Bayesian and highest posterior density (HPD) interval methods based on the Jeffreys’rule or uniform prior, and method of variance estimates recovery (MOVER). The performances of the proposed simultaneous CI methods were evaluated using a Monte Carlo simulation in terms of the coverage probabilities and expected lengths. The results from a comparative simulation study show that the HPD interval based on the Jeffreys’rule prior performed the best in most cases, while in some situations, the fiducial generalized CI performed well. All of the methods were applied to estimate the simultaneous CIs for the ratios of the means of natural rainfall data from six regions in Thailand.
Methods to Counter Self-Selection Bias in Estimations of the Distribution Function and Quantiles
Authors: Rueda María del Mar , Martínez-Puertas Sergio , Castro-Martín Luis
Published: December 2022

Many surveys are performed using non-probability methods such as web surveys, social networks surveys, or opt-in panels. The estimates made from these data sources are usually biased and must be adjusted to make them representative of the target population. Techniques to mitigate this selection bias in non-probability samples often involve calibration, propensity score adjustment, or statistical matching. In this article, we consider the problem of estimating the finite population distribution function in the context of non-probability surveys and show how some methodologies formulated for linear parameters can be adapted to this functional parameter, both theoretically and empirically, thus enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of the estimates made.
An Approximation Formula for Nielsen’s Beta Function Involving the Trigamma Function
Authors: Mahmoud Mansour , Almuashi Hanan
Published: December 2022

We prove that the function σ(s) defined by β(s)=6s2+12s+53s2(2s+3)−ψ′(s)2−σ(s)2s5,s>0, is strictly increasing with the sharp bounds 0<σ(s)<49120, where β(s) is Nielsen’s beta function and ψ′(s) is the trigamma function. Furthermore, we prove that the two functions s↦(−1)1+μβ(s)−6s2+12s+53s2(2s+3)+ψ′(s)2+49μ240s5, μ=0,1 are completely monotonic for s>0. As an application, double inequality for β(s) involving ψ′(s) is obtained, which improve some recent results.
Preface to Numerical and Symbolic Computation: Developments and Applications—2021
Authors: Loja Maria Amélia R.
Published: December 2022

This is the Special Issue “Numerical and Symbolic Computation: Developments and Applications—2021”, also available at the Special Issue website https://www [...]
Intestinal Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma Transforming into Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in a Young Adult Patient with Neurofibromatosis Type 1: A Case Report
Authors: Kosako Hideki , Yamashita Yusuke , Tanaka Ken , Mishima Hiroyuki , Iwamoto Ryuta , Kinoshita Akira , Murata Shin-ichi , Ohshima Koichi , Yoshiura Koh-ichiro , Sonoki Takashi , Tamura Shinobu
Published: December 2022

Background: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a hereditary cancer syndrome characterized by multiple café-au-lait macules on the skin. Lymphoproliferative malignancies associated with NF1 are limited, although the most common are brain tumors. Case presentation: A 22-year-old woman with NF1 was admitted due to abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea. Her laboratory data exhibited macrocytic anemia and elevated IgA levels. Image studies showed diffuse increased wall thickening in the transverse and descending colon without lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. A colonoscopy revealed a hemorrhagic ulcerated mass. Pathological analysis of the tumor tissues confirmed IgA-expressing mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma with histological transformation. Moreover, whole-exome sequencing in tumor tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cells identified a somatic frameshift mutation of the A20 gene, which represents the loss of function. The patient responded well to R-CHOP chemotherapy, but the disease relapsed after 1 year, resulting in a lethal outcome. Conclusions: MALT lymphoma in children and young adults is extremely rare and is possibly caused by acquired genetic changes. This case suggests a novel association between hereditary cancer syndrome and early-onset MALT lymphoma.
Kawasaki Disease with Hepatobiliary Manifestations
Authors: Suhaini Siti Aisyah , Azidin Abdullah Harith , Cheah Chooi San , Lee Wei Li Wendy , Khoo Mohammad Shukri , Ismail Noor Akmal Shareela , Ali Adli
Published: December 2022

Background and Objectives: Kawasaki Disease (KD) incidence has been on the rise globally throughout the years, particularly in the Asia Pacific region. KD can be diagnosed based on several clinical criteria. Due to its systemic inflammatory nature, multi-organ involvement has been observed, making the diagnosis of KD more challenging. Notably, several studies have reported KD patients presenting with hepatobiliary abnormalities. Nonetheless, comprehensive data regarding the hepatobiliary manifestations of KD are limited in Malaysia, justifying a more in-depth study of the disease in this country. Thus, in this article, we aim to discuss KD patients in Malaysia with hepatobiliary manifestations. Materials and Methods: A total of six KD patients with hepatobiliary findings who presented at Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz (HCTM) from 2004 to 2021 were selected and included. Variables including the initial presenting signs and symptoms, clinical progress, laboratory investigations such as liver function test (LFT), and ultrasound findings of hepatobiliary system were reviewed and analyzed. Results: Out of these six KD patients, there were two patients complicated with hepatitis and one patient with gallbladder hydrops. Different clinical features including jaundice (n = 3) and hepatomegaly (n = 4) were also observed. All patients received both aspirin and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) as their first-line treatment and all of them responded well to IVIG. The majority of them (n = 5) had a complete recovery and did not have any cardiovascular and hepatobiliary sequelae. Conclusions: Despite KD mostly being diagnosed with the classical clinical criteria, patients with atypical presentations should always alert physicians of KD as one of the possible differential diagnoses. This study discovered that hepatobiliary manifestations in KD patients were not uncommon. More awareness on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of KD patients with hepatobiliary manifestations are required to allow for the initiation of prompt treatment, thus preventing further complications.
The Hot Ductility of TWIP and TRIP Steels—An Alternative Interpretation
Authors: Campbell John
Published: December 2022

There is significant evidence from light metals that turbulence in casting leads to bifilm defects; enfolded, doubled-over oxide films which act like cracks in the liquid, and are inherited as cracks by the solid. This population of introduced cracks is now known to significantly influence the tensile failure behaviour of light alloys. There is evidence that analogous defects exist in steels. This paper examines the possibility that bifilms may control the hot ductility of TWIP and TRIP steels, and therefore the problems of straightening during continuous casting. Techniques for overcoming these problems are indicated.
High Power-Conversion Efficiency of Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells: A Theoretical Investigation
Authors: Umar Ahmad , Sadanand  , Singh Pravin Kumar , Dwivedi D. K. , Algadi Hassan , Ibrahim Ahmed A. , Alhammai Mohsen A. M. , Baskoutas Sotirios
Published: December 2022

Solar cells based on lead-free perovskite have demonstrated great potential for next-generation renewable energy. The SCAPS-1D simulation software was used in this study to perform novel device modelling of a lead-free perovskite solar cell of the architecture ITO/WS2/CH3NH3SnI3/P3HT/Au. For the performance evaluation, an optimization process of the different parameters such as thickness, bandgap, doping concentration, etc., was conducted. Extensive optimization of the thickness and doping density of the absorber and electron transport layer resulted in a maximum power-conversion efficiency of 33.46% for our designed solar cell. Because of the short diffusion length and higher defect density in thicker perovskite, an absorber thickness of 1.2 µm is recommended for optimal solar cell performance. Therefore, we expect that our findings will pave the way for the development of lead-free and highly effective perovskite solar cells.
Cryptosporidiosis: From Prevention to Treatment, a Narrative Review
Authors: Helmy Yosra A. , Hafez Hafez M.
Published: December 2022

Cryptosporidiosis is a water- and food-borne zoonotic disease caused by the protozoon parasite of the genus Cryptosporidium. C. hominis and C. parvum are the main two species causing infections in humans and animals. The disease can be transmitted by the fecal–oral route as well as the respiratory route. The infective stage (sporulated oocysts) is resistant to different disinfectants including chlorine. Currently, no effective therapeutic drugs or vaccines are available to treat and control Cryptosporidium infection. To prevent cryptosporidiosis in humans and animals, we need to understand better how the disease is spread and transmitted, and how to interrupt its transmission cycle. This review focuses on understanding cryptosporidiosis, including its infective stage, pathogenesis, life cycle, genomics, epidemiology, previous outbreaks, source of the infection, transmission dynamics, host spectrum, risk factors and high-risk groups, the disease in animals and humans, diagnosis, treatment and control, and the prospect of an effective anti-Cryptosporidium vaccine. It also focuses on the role of the One Health approach in managing cryptosporidiosis at the animal–human–environmental interface. The summarized data in this review will help to tackle future Cryptosporidium infections in humans and animals and reduce the disease occurrence.
Weapons against Themselves: Identification and Use of Quorum Sensing Volatile Molecules to Control Plant Pathogenic Fungi Growth
Authors: De Clerck Caroline , Josselin Laurie , Vangoethem Valentine , Lassois Ludivine , Fauconnier Marie-Laure , Jijakli Haïssam
Published: December 2022

Quorum sensing (QS) is often defined as a mechanism of microbial communication that can regulate microbial behaviors in accordance with population density. Much is known about QS mechanisms in bacteria, but fungal QS research is still in its infancy. In this study, the molecules constituting the volatolomes of the plant pathogenic fungi Fusarium culmorum and Cochliobolus sativus have been identified during culture conditions involving low and high spore concentrations, with the high concentration imitating overpopulation conditions (for QS stimulation). We determined that volatolomes emitted by these species in conditions of overpopulation have a negative impact on their mycelial growth, with some of the emitted molecules possibly acting as QSM. Candidate VOCs related to QS have then been identified by testing the effect of individual volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on mycelial growth of their emitting species. The antifungal effect observed for the volatolome of F. culmorum in the overpopulation condition could be attributed to ethyl acetate, 2-methylpropan-1-ol, 3-methylbutyl ethanoate, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, and pentan-1-ol, while it could be attributed to longifolene, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, 2-methylpropan-1-ol, and ethyl acetate for C. sativus in the overpopulation condition. This work could pave the way to a sustainable alternative to chemical fungicides.
Development of Nanoscale Hydrated Titanium Oxides Support Anion Exchange Resin for Efficient Phosphate Removal from Water
Authors: Zhu Mingxin , Teng Yue , Wu Dong , Zhu Jiawei , Zhang Yi , Liu Zhiying
Published: December 2022

In this work, a macroporous strongly basic anion exchange resin D201 was used as the matrix and loaded with nano hydrated titanium oxide (HTO) to fabricate a novel resin-based nano hydrated titanium oxide adsorbent (HTO-D201), which was characterized by scanning electron microscope-energy dispersion spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. Adsorption isotherm, pH influence competitive adsorption and column adsorption experiments were conducted to investigation the adsorption behavior of HTO-D201 to phosphorus in water. The adsorption effect of adsorbent HTO-D201 on phosphorus in water, and the corresponding adsorption mechanism, are discussed. It was observed that HTO-D201 exhibited spontaneous adsorption behavior with Langmuir fitting maximum adsorption capacity of 34.08 mg∙g−1 under a pH of 6.8 and a temperature of 298 K. Adsorption isotherms confirmed that enhancing temperature could promote the adsorption process. SO42−, NO3− and Cl− were used as competing ions in competitive adsorption, which confirmed better anti-interference ability of HTO-D201 compared with that of unmodified D201. The column adsorption experiment implied that HTO-D201 possessed a stable structure and good dynamic adsorption performance, with effective processing capacity of 420BV, which could be regenerated and recycled. The adsorption mechanism of HTO-D201 to phosphorus in water is discussed, which was ascribed to a quaternary amine group on the resin and a hydroxyl group on the HTO. This work shows that HTO-D201 is a promising adsorbent that a possesses excellent phosphorus-removing capacity from wastewater and the potential for practical application.
Oligomer Formation by Amyloid-β42 in a Membrane-Mimicking Environment in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Rosenberry Terrone L. , Zhou Huan-Xiang , Stagg Scott M. , Paravastu Anant K.
Published: December 2022

The brains of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients contain numerous amyloid plaques that are diagnostic of the disease. The plaques are primarily composed of the amyloidogenic peptides proteins Aβ40 and Aβ42, which are derived by the processing of the amyloid pre-cursor protein (APP) by two proteases called β-secretase and γ-secretase. Aβ42 differs from Aβ40 in having two additional hydrophobic amino acids, ILE and ALA, at the C-terminus. A small percentage of AD is autosomal dominant (ADAD) and linked either to the genes for the presenilins, which are part of γ-secretase, or APP. Because ADAD shares most pathogenic features with widespread late-onset AD, Aβ peptides have become the focus of AD research. Fibrils formed by the aggregation of these peptides are the major component of plaques and were initially targeted in AD therapy. However, the fact that the abundance of plaques does not correlate well with cognitive decline in AD patients has led investigators to examine smaller Aβ aggregates called oligomers. The low levels and heterogeneity of Aβ oligomers have made the determination of their structures difficult, but recent structure determinations of oligomers either formed or initiated in detergents have been achieved. We report here on the structures of these oligomers and suggest how they may be involved in AD.
Design of Quercetin-Loaded Natural Oil-Based Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for the Treatment of Bacterial Skin Infections
Authors: de Barros Dragana P. C. , Santos Rafaela , Reed Patricia , Fonseca Luís P. , Oliva Abel
Published: December 2022

The biological activity of natural plant-oil-based nanostructured lipid carriers (NPO-NLCs) can be enhanced by the encapsulation of bioactive compounds, and they in turn can improve topical delivery of the drugs. Quercetin (QR), a vital plant flavonoid, expresses antibacterial properties, and we recently showed that empty NPO-NLCs also have antimicrobial activity. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the synergetic effect of loading natural plant-oil-based nanostructured lipid carriers with quercetin (QR-NPO-NLCs) as a topical delivery system for the treatment of bacterial skin infections. Five nanostructured lipid carrier systems containing different oils (sunflower, olive, corn, coconut, and castor) were engineered. The particles’ stability, structural properties, bioavailability, and antimicrobial activity were studied. NLCs with an average size of <200 nm and Z-potential of −40 mV were developed. Stable QR-NPO-NLCs were obtained with high encapsulation efficiency (>99%). The encapsulation of QR decreased cytotoxicity and increased the antioxidant effect of nanocarriers. An increase in antibacterial activity of the systems containing QR was demonstrated against Staphylococcus aureus. QR-NPO-NLCs could transport QR to an intranuclear location within HaCaT cells, indicating that QR-NPO-NLCs are promising candidates for controlled topical drug delivery.
Chemical Constituents of Macaranga occidentalis, Antimicrobial and Chemophenetic Studies
Authors: Kamso Viviane Flore Kamlo , Simo Fotso Christophe Colombe , Kanko Mbekou Ines Michèle , Tousssie Billy Tchegnitegni , Ndjakou Lenta Bruno , Boyom Fabrice Fekam , Sewald Norbert , Frese Marcel , Ngadjui Bonaventure Tchaleu , Wabo Fotso Ghislain
Published: December 2022

Medicinal plants are known as sources of potential antimicrobial compounds belonging to different classes. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of the crude extract, fractions, and some isolated secondary metabolites from the leaves of Macaranga occidentalis, a Cameroonian medicinal plant traditionally used for the treatment of microbial infections. Repeated column chromatography of the ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions led to the isolation of seventeen previously known compounds (1−17), among which three steroids (1−3), one triterpene (4), four flavonoids (5−8), two stilbenoids (9 and 10) four ellagic acid derivatives (11−14), one geraniinic acid derivative (15), one coumarine (16), and one glyceride (17). Their structures were elucidated mainly by means of extensive spectroscopic and spectrometric (1D and 2D NMR and, MS) analysis and comparison with the published data. The crude extract, fractions, and isolated compounds were all screened for their antimicrobial activity. None of the natural compounds was active against Candida strains. However, the crude extract, fractions, and compounds showed varying levels of antibacterial properties against at least one of the tested bacterial strains, with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 250 to 1000 μg/mL. The n-butanol (n-BuOH) fraction was the most active against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, with an MIC value of 250 μg/mL. Among the isolated compounds, schweinfurthin B (10) exhibited the best activity against Staphylococcus aureus NR 46003 with a MIC value of 62.5 μg/mL. In addition, schweinfurthin O (9) and isomacarangin (6) also exhibited moderate activity against the same strain with a MIC value of 125 μg/mL. Therefore, pharmacomodulation was performed on compound 6 and three new semisynthetic derivatives (6a–c) were prepared by allylation and acetylation reactions and screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activity. None of the semisynthetic derivatives showed antimicrobial activity against the same tested strains. The chemophenetic significance of the isolated compounds is also discussed in this paper.
Venom Collection by Electrical Stimulation in the Invasive Species Polistes dominula Reared Using a Vespiculture Regime
Authors: Turillazzi Francesco , Pieraccini Giuseppe , Turillazzi Stefano , Orsi Battaglini Neri , Severino Maurizio
Published: December 2022

Specific Venom Immunotherapy (VIT) is practiced with venom extracted from insects, and is the specific therapy used for patients highly allergic to social insect (Hymenoptera) stings. Due to the dramatic shortage of vespid species in the local environment, we coupled vespiculture techniques of Polistes paper wasps with a venom collection procedure based on the electrical stimulation of individuals from entire colonies. The procedure involves little to no disturbance of the individual insects, and at the same time, successfully allows for the extraction of venom containing all allergens necessary for VIT.
Extraction, Isolation of Bioactive Compounds and Therapeutic Potential of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
Authors: Tileuberdi Nazym , Turgumbayeva Aknur , Yeskaliyeva Balakyz , Sarsenova Lazzat , Issayeva Raushan
Published: December 2022

Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is a herbaceous annual plant of the Cruciferous family, the Cabbage genus. This oilseed crop is widely used in many areas of industry and agriculture. High-quality oil obtained from rapeseed can be found in many industrial food products. To date, extracts with a high content of biologically active substances are obtained from rapeseed using modern extraction methods. Brassica napus L. seeds contain polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids, phytosterols, flavonoids, vitamins, glucosinolates and microelements. The data in this review show that rapeseed biocompounds have therapeutic effects in the treatment of various types of diseases. Some studies indicate that rapeseed can be used as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, hypoglycemic and anticancer agent. In the pharmaceutical industry, using rapeseed as an active ingredient may help to develop new forms drugs with wide range of therapeutic effects. This review focuses on aspects of the extraction of biocompounds from rapeseed and the study of its pharmacological properties.
Biomaterials and Their Potentialities as Additives in Bitumen Technology: A Review
Authors: Abe Abraham A. , Oliviero Rossi Cesare , Caputo Paolino
Published: December 2022

The carbon footprint reduction mandate and other eco-friendly policies currently in place are constantly driving the trend of the synthesis and application of sustainable functional materials. The bitumen industry is not an exception to this trend and, every day, new technologies that facilitate safer, cost effective and more sustainable industrial processes and road paving operations are being researched and brought to light. A lot of research is currently ongoing to improve bitumen’s properties due to its use as a binder in road paving processes. Over the years, the most common method to improve bitumen’s properties has been with the use of additives. The major drawback in the use of these additives is the fact that they are substances of strong chemical nature which are either too acidic, too basic or emit toxic fumes and volatile organic compounds into the environment. In the long run, these chemicals are also toxic to the road pavement personnel that carry out the day to day industrial and paving operations. This led researchers to the initiative of synthesizing and applying biomaterials to be used as additives for bitumen. In this light, several studies have investigated the use of substances such as bio-oils, natural waxes, gum, polysaccharides and natural rubber. This literature review is aimed at classifying the different bio-based materials used to improve bitumen’s properties and to provide a deeper knowledge of the application of these biomaterials in bitumen technology. In general, we highlight how the research efforts elaborated herein could potentially foster safer, sustainable, eco-friendly approaches to improving bitumen’s properties while also promoting a circular economy.
Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) in Cancer Therapy: Present and Future
Authors: Li Rui , Liu Miao , Yang Zhenya , Li Jiao , Gao Yuxin , Tan Ruirong
Published: December 2022

The PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs) is an innovative technique for the selective degradation of target proteins via the ubiquitin–proteasome system. Compared with traditional protein inhibitor drugs, PROTACs exhibit advantages in the efficacy and selectivity of and in overcoming drug resistance in cancer therapy, providing new insights into the discovery of anti-cancer drugs. In the last two decades, many PROTAC molecules have been developed to induce the degradation of cancer-related targets, and they have been subjected to clinical trials. Here, we comprehensively review the historical milestones and latest updates in PROTAC technology. We focus on the structures and mechanisms of PROTACs and their application in targeting tumor-related targets. We have listed several representative PROTACs based on CRBN, VHL, MDM2, or cIAP1 E3 ligases, and PROTACs that are undergoing anti-cancer clinical trials. In addition, the limitations of the current research, as well as the future research directions are described to improve the PROTAC design and development for cancer therapy.
Cellulose-Based Composites as Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering: Recent Advances
Authors: Iravani Siavash , Varma Rajender S.
Published: December 2022

Today, numerous studies have focused on the design of novel scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications; however, several challenges still exist in terms of biocompatibility/cytocompatibility, degradability, cell attachment/proliferation, nutrient diffusion, large-scale production, and clinical translation studies. Greener and safer technologies can help to produce scaffolds with the benefits of cost-effectiveness, high biocompatibility, and biorenewability/sustainability, reducing their toxicity and possible side effects. However, some challenges persist regarding their degradability, purity, having enough porosity, and possible immunogenicity. In this context, naturally derived cellulose-based scaffolds with high biocompatibility, ease of production, availability, sustainability/renewability, and environmentally benign attributes can be applied for designing scaffolds. These cellulose-based scaffolds have shown unique mechanical properties, improved cell attachment/proliferation, multifunctionality, and enhanced biocompatibility/cytocompatibility, which make them promising candidates for tissue engineering applications. Herein, the salient developments pertaining to cellulose-based scaffolds for neural, bone, cardiovascular, and skin tissue engineering are deliberated, focusing on the challenges and opportunities.
Nanosilica-Anchored Polycaprolactone/Chitosan Nanofibrous Bioscaffold to Boost Osteogenesis for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Ge Shengyou , Zhu Xiaoyi , Zhang Chuanlong , Jia Dongchen , Shang Wei , Ding Chao , Yang Jianping , Feng Yuanyong
Published: December 2022

The strategy of incorporating bioactive inorganic nanomaterials without side effects as osteoinductive supplements is promising for bone regeneration. In this work, a novel biomass nanofibrous scaffold synthesized by electrospinning silica (SiO2) nanoparticles into polycaprolactone/chitosan (PCL/CS) nanofibers was reported for bone tissue engineering. The nanosilica-anchored PCL/CS nanofibrous bioscaffold (PCL/CS/SiO2) exhibited an interlinked continuous fibers framework with SiO2 nanoparticles embedded in the fibers. Compact bone-derived cells (CBDCs), the stem cells derived from the bone cortex of the mouse, were seeded to the nanofibrous bioscaffolds. Scanning electron microscopy and cell counting were used to observe the cell adhesion. The Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Alizarin red staining, real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction and Western blot tests were performed to confirm the osteogenesis of the CBDCs on the bioscaffolds. The research results demonstrated that the mechanical property of the PCL together with the antibacterial and hydrophilic properties of the CS are conducive to promoting cell adhesion, growth, migration, proliferation and differentiation. SiO2 nanoparticles, serving as bone induction factors, effectively promote the osteoblast differentiation and bone regeneration. This novel SiO2-anchored nanofibrous bioscaffold with superior bone induction activity provides a better way for bone tissue regeneration.
Time and Angle-Resolved Time-of-Flight Electron Spectroscopy for Functional Materials Science
Authors: Sorgenfrei Nomi Lucia Ada Nathalie , Giangrisostomi Erika , Kühn Danilo , Ovsyannikov Ruslan , Föhlisch Alexander
Published: December 2022

Electron spectroscopy with the unprecedented transmission of angle-resolved time-of-flight detection, in combination with pulsed X-ray sources, brings new impetus to functional materials science. We showcase recent developments towards chemical sensitivity from electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis and structural information from photoelectron diffraction using the phase transition properties of 1T-TaS2. Our development platform is the SurfaceDynamics instrument located at the Femtoslicing facility at BESSY II, where femtosecond and picosecond X-ray pulses can be generated and extracted. The scientific potential is put into perspective to the current rapidly developing pulsed X-ray source capabilities from Lasers and Free-Electron Lasers.
Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Rutin in Food Based on Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots as Fluorescent Probe
Authors: Huang Yue , Si Xiaojing , Han Mei , Bai Chen
Published: December 2022

The aim of this study was to establish a rapid detection method of rutin in food based on nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CDs) as the fluorescent probe. N-CDs were prepared via a single-step hydrothermal process using citric acid as the carbon source and thiourea as the nitrogen source. The optical properties of N-CDs were characterized using an electron transmission microscope, X-ray diffractometer, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer, and nanoparticle size potential analyzer. The UV/Vis absorption property and fluorescence intensity of N-CDs were also characterized using the respective spectroscopy techniques. On this basis, the optimal conditions for the detection of rutin by N-CDs fluorescent probes were also explored. The synthesized N-CDs were amorphous carbon structures with good water solubility and optical properties, and the quantum yield was 24.1%. In phosphate-buffered solution at pH = 7.0, Rutin had a strong fluorescence-quenching effect on N-CDs, and the method showed good linearity (R2 = 0.9996) when the concentration of Rutin was in the range of 0.1–400 μg/mL, with a detection limit of 0.033 μg/mL. The spiked recoveries in black buckwheat tea and wolfberry were in the range of 93.98–104.92%, the relative standard deviations (RSD) were in the range of 0.35–4.11%. The proposed method is simple, rapid, and sensitive, and it can be used for the rapid determination of rutin in food.