bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new type of Halimeda bioherm on the Queensland Plateau, NE Australia
Authors: Reolid Jesus , Bialik Or M. , Lindhorst Sebastian , Eisermann Jan Oliver , Petrovic Alexander , Hincke Carola , Beaman Robin J. , Webster Jody M. , Betzler Christian
Published: May 2024

Morphology, internal structure, and in situ facies distribution of mesophotic Halimeda bioherms from the Queensland Plateau (NE Australia) are presented based on hydroacoustic and oceanographic data, seafloor observations, and discrete sediment sampling carried out during RV SONNE cruise SO292 in 2022. Halimeda buildups consist of cone-like mounds up to 500 m in diameter and 3–10 m high, with gentle slopes (2°–5° on the top of Tregrosse Bank). Bioherms occur in water depths of 10–70 m, with most bioherm between 50 and 65 m. Their internal structure consists of aggrading low-amplitude reflections at the core of the bioherm interfingering with high-amplitude reflections to the flanks. Surface facies distribution displays one to four facies belts, from distal to proximal: Halimeda rudstone, Halimeda rudstone with living plants, Halimeda rudstone with coralgal debris, and coralgal boundstone (when present, occupied the top of the bioherms). It is proposed that the alternation of two key processes contributes to the formation of these bioherms: (1) in situ accumulation of Halimeda debris and (2) episodic dismantling of the mesophotic coralgal boundstone at the centre of the bioherm by severe storms. These storms may dismantle the mesophotic reef and export coralgal rubble to the flanks. Flanks may be recolonized by Halimeda during fair-weather periods. Due to their different geomorphic expressions, complex internal structure, and surficial facies distribution, we suggest that the buildups of the Queensland Plateau represent a new Halimeda bioherm morphotype, distinct from previously described bioherms on the adjacent Great Barrier Reef and elsewhere globally.
Towards the development of textured polycrystalline La2NiO4+δ membranes and their oxygen-transporting properties
Authors: Escobar Cano Giamper , Zhao Zhijun , Riebesehl Fabian , Stölting Oliver , Breidenstein Bernd , Feldhoff Armin
Published: May 2024

Textured La2NiO4+δ membranes were fabricated by pressureless sintering in air using uniaxially pressed powder mixtures consisting of fine-grained equiaxial La2NiO4+δ matrix particles and plate-like La2NiO4+δ template particles in varying mass ratios. The template particles, obtained by molten-flux synthesis, were aligned perpendicular to the pressing direction. Subsequent sintering resulted in ceramic membranes with enhanced texturing along the crystallographic c-axis of La2NiO4+δ. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed a direct relationship: The higher the fraction of template particles in the ceramics, the more pronounced the c-axis texturing. The Lotgering orientation factor, calculated from the X-ray diffraction patterns, also demonstrated that an increasing proportion of the template particles in the ceramic materials led to stronger (00l) reflections. Additionally, the texturing degree in selected membranes was quantified by measuring pole figures. Scanning electron micrographs of the La2NiO4+δ samples with a small amount of template particles showed some individual plate-like grains well integrated into the matrix. Membrane porosity was observed to increase with higher quantities of template particles utilized. This was supported by measuring the membrane density using the Archimedes method: The larger the proportion of template particles in the ceramics, the lower the sample density. Besides, the presence of lanthanum, nickel, and oxygen in the membranes was confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Finally, the effect of texturing on the oxygen permeation performance of the La2NiO4+δ membranes, in which the template particles are arranged along their c-axis, parallel to the oxygen flux direction, was investigated. The results indicated a reduction in oxygen flux as the level of c-axis texturing increased.

Graphical abstract
The analysis of diversification properties of stablecoins through the Shannon entropy measure
Authors: Sinon Mohavia Ben Amid , Mba Jules Clement
Published: May 2024

The common goal for investors is to minimise the risk and maximise the returns on their investments. This is often achieved through diversification, where investors spread their investments across various assets. This study aims to use the MAD-entropy model to minimise the absolute deviation, maximise the mean return, and maximise the Shannon entropy of the portfolio. The MAD model is used because it is a linear programming model, allowing it to resolve large-scale problems and nonnormally distributed data. Entropy is added to the MAD model because it can better diversify the weight of assets in the portfolios. The analysed portfolios consist of cryptocurrencies, stablecoins, and selected world indices such as the SP500 and FTSE obtained from Yahoo Finance. The models found that stablecoins pegged to the US dollar, followed by stablecoins pegged to gold, are better diversifiers for traditional cryptocurrencies and stocks. These results are probably due to their low volatility compared to the other assets. Findings from this study may assist investors since the MAD-Entropy model outperforms the MAD model by providing more significant portfolio mean returns with minimal risk. Therefore, crypto investors can design a well-diversified portfolio using MAD entropy to reduce unsystematic risk. Further research integrating mad entropy with machine learning techniques may improve accuracy and risk management.
Pathogenic role and clinical significance of neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
Authors: Liu Ruiting , Liu Hongjiang , Yang Leiyi , Li Changpei , Yin Geng , Xie Qibing
Published: May 2024

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are a heterogeneous group of chronic autoimmune diseases characterized by muscle damage and extramuscular symptoms, including specific skin rash, arthritis, interstitial lung disease, and cardiac involvement. While the etiology and pathogenesis of IIM are not yet fully understood, emerging evidence suggests that neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have a role in the pathogenesis. Recent research has identified increased levels of circulating and tissue neutrophils as well as NETs in patients with IIM; these contribute to the activation of the type I and type II interferons pathway. During active IIM disease, myositis-specific antibodies are associated with the formation and incomplete degradation of NETs, leading to damage in the lungs, muscles, and blood vessels of patients. This review focuses on the pathogenic role and clinical significance of neutrophils and NETs in IIM, and it includes a discussion of potential targeted treatment strategies.
On exact and inexact RLT and SDP-RLT relaxations of quadratic programs with box constraints
Authors: Qiu Yuzhou , Yıldırım E. Alper
Published: May 2024

Quadratic programs with box constraints involve minimizing a possibly nonconvex quadratic function subject to lower and upper bounds on each variable. This is a well-known NP-hard problem that frequently arises in various applications. We focus on two convex relaxations, namely the reformulation–linearization technique (RLT) relaxation and the SDP-RLT relaxation obtained by combining the Shor relaxation with the RLT relaxation. Both relaxations yield lower bounds on the optimal value of a quadratic program with box constraints. We show that each component of each vertex of the RLT relaxation lies in the set $$\{0,\frac{1}{2},1\}$$

{
0
,

1
2

,
1
}

. We present complete algebraic descriptions of the set of instances that admit exact RLT relaxations as well as those that admit exact SDP-RLT relaxations. We show that our descriptions can be converted into algorithms for efficiently constructing instances with (1) exact RLT relaxations, (2) inexact RLT relaxations, (3) exact SDP-RLT relaxations, and (4) exact SDP-RLT but inexact RLT relaxations. Our preliminary computational experiments illustrate that our algorithms are capable of generating computationally challenging instances for state-of-the-art solvers.
Petunia PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4/5 transcriptionally activates key regulators of floral scent
Authors: Shor Ekaterina , Vainstein Alexander
Published: May 2024

Floral scent emission of petunia flowers is regulated by light conditions, circadian rhythms, ambient temperature and the phytohormones GA and ethylene, but the mechanisms underlying sensitivity to these factors remain obscure. PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs) have been well studied as components of the regulatory machinery for numerous physiological processes. Acting redundantly, they serve as transmitters of light, circadian, metabolic, thermal and hormonal signals. Here we identified and characterized the phylogenetics of petunia PIF family members (PhPIFs). PhPIF4/5 was revealed as a positive regulator of floral scent: TRV-based transient suppression of PhPIF4/5 in petunia petals reduced emission of volatiles, whereas transient overexpression increased scent emission. The mechanism of PhPIF4/5-mediated regulation of volatile production includes activation of the expression of genes encoding biosynthetic enzymes and a key positive regulator of the pathway, EMISSION OF BENZENOIDS II (EOBII). The PIF-binding motif on the EOBII promoter (G-box) was shown to be needed for this activation. As PhPIF4/5 homologues are sensors of dawn and expression of EOBII also peaks at dawn, the prior is proposed to be part of the diurnal control of the volatile biosynthetic machinery. PhPIF4/5 was also found to transcriptionally activate PhDELLAs; a similar positive effect of PIFs on DELLA expression was further confirmed in Arabidopsis seedlings. The PhPIF4/5–PhDELLAs feedback is proposed to fine-tune GA signaling for regulation of floral scent production.
Microstructure Prediction of 80MnSi8-6 Steel After Hot Deformation Based on Dynamic Recrystallization Kinetics and FEM Simulation
Authors: Zyguła Krystian , Cichocki Kamil , Kowalczyk Karolina , Puławski Michał , Korpała Grzegorz , Wojtaszek Marek , Jabłońska Magdalena , Prahl Ulrich
Published: May 2024

The microstructure evolution during hot deformation of 80MnSi8-6 nanobainitic steel was investigated through hot compression tests at deformation temperatures of 900–1250°C and strain rates of 0.1–20 s−1. The flow curves revealed strain-hardening behavior at the beginning of deformation followed by softening effects caused by microstructure evolution. A Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov (JMAK) model for grain growth and dynamic recrystallization was developed, and the kinetics were determined. Critical and peak strains were identified, and coefficients for the microstructure evolution models were determined using linear regression. The analysis of S-curves revealed that decreasing the temperature delays the onset of recrystallization and that the strain rate significantly effects the recrystallization rate at lower temperatures. Constitutive modeling and determination of the Zener–Hollomon parameter allowed the determination of the influence of hot processing conditions on material behavior during deformation. Microstructure analysis showed that, at higher deformation temperatures, grain growth occurs simultaneously with grain refinement. Coefficients for the JMAK model were implemented in QForm software. Simulation results were compared with experimental measurements exhibited good arrangement, which confirms the accuracy of the JMAK model in predicting the microstructure evolution. This study demonstrated how microstructure evolution modeling and FEM simulations combined can be used to predict the grain size of 80MnSi8-6 steel after hot deformation.
Existence of Optimal Flat Ribbons
Authors: Blatt Simon , Raffaelli Matteo
Published: May 2024

We apply the direct method of the calculus of variations to show that any nonplanar Frenet curve in $${\mathbb {R}}^{3}$$

R

3

can be extended to an infinitely narrow flat ribbon having minimal bending energy. We also show that, in general, minimizers are not free of planar points, yet such points must be isolated under the mild condition that the torsion does not vanish.
Bestatin attenuates breast cancer stemness by targeting puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase
Authors: Ma Yan , Yang Xintong , Pan Pengge , Yang Jinyi , Wu Xiaojuan , Wang Danhan , Gao Hui
Published: May 2024

Breast cancer is a prevalent malignant tumor among women with an increasing incidence rate annually. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are integral in impeding tumor advancement and addressing drug resistance. Bestatin serves as an adjuvant chemotherapy, triggering apoptosis in cancer cells. In this study, the effects of bestatin on sorted BCSCs from breast cancer cell lines have been studied. Our results indicated that bestatin inhibits the migration and proliferation of breast cancer cells by reducing the stemness of BCSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase is implicated in the process through the regulation of cell cycle, resulting in heightened cell apoptosis and diminished cell proliferation of BCSCs. Our study suggest that targeting cancer stem cell may offer a promising approach in breast cancer treatment, presenting noval therapeutic strategies for patients with breast cancer.
Where is the Motivation in Motivated Numeracy?
Authors: Glüer-Pagin Kathrin , Spectre Levi
Published: May 2024

In a series of very influential papers, Dan Kahan argues for “the identity protective cognition thesis”: the claim that politically motivated reasoning is a major factor explaining current levels of polarization over matters of fact, especially in the US. An important part of his case consists of experimental data supporting the claim that ideological polarization is more extreme amongst more numerate individuals. In this paper, we take a close look at how precisely this “numeracy effect” is supposed to come about. Working with Kahan’s own notion of motivated reasoning, we reconstruct the mechanism that according to him produces the effect. Surprisingly, it turns out to involve plenty of motivation to reason, but no motivated reasoning. This undermines the support he takes the numeracy effect to provide for the identity protective cognition hypothesis.
Principal causes of water damage in mining roofs under giant thick topsoil–lilou coal mine
Authors: Niu Chao , Tian Qingfeng , Xiao Lele , Xue Xicheng , Zhang Ruiqing , Xu Dongjin , Luo Shoutao
Published: May 2024

The roof water inrush disaster induced by coal mining is becoming a vital bottleneck restricting mine safety. To accurately predict the water inrush position of the coal seam roof sandstone aquifer and accurately prevent and control it, this paper takes Lilou Coal Mine in Juye Coalfield as an example. Based on the comprehensive analysis of hydrogeological data, drilling data, and geophysiological data, this paper examines the water richness of the roof aquifer, the water insulation and geological structure, and the fracture development characteristics of the roof aquifer. Starting from the general side, nine factors, including fault strength index, tectonic intersection point, tip extinguishing point, development height of water conduction crack zone, roof sandstone aquifer thickness, aquifer drilling unit inrush, geophysical prospecting water-rich anomaly area, roof key layer thickness, roof aquifer thickness, brittle plastic rock thickness ratio, etc., form the roof plate roof. The main control factors for water inrush are deeply discussed. Through the spatial analysis function of GIS, unique drawings of different evaluation indicators are drawn, and the data are normalized. Combined with the AHP hierarchical analysis method, the corresponding weight is determined. Finally, a comprehensive water inrush risk assessment map of the roof of coal seam 3 in Lilou Coal Mine is obtained. Through the verification of the coal mine water inrush survey ledger over the years, it has been found that the evaluation results of the coal seam roof water inrush model are consistent with the actual situation. The evaluation results are reasonable and accurate, which can provide a reference basis for coal seam mining and water damage prevention and control in the future.
MetaConfigurator: A User-Friendly Tool for Editing Structured Data Files
Authors: Neubauer Felix , Bredl Paul , Xu Minye , Patel Keyuriben , Pleiss Jürgen , Uekermann Benjamin
Published: May 2024

Textual formats to structure data, such as JSON, XML, and YAML, are widely used for structuring data in various domains, from configuration files to research data. However, manually editing data in these formats can be complex and time-consuming. Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) can significantly reduce manual efforts and assist the user in editing the files, but developing a file-format-specific GUI requires substantial development and maintenance efforts. To address this challenge, we introduce MetaConfigurator: an open-source web application that generates its GUI depending on a given schema. Our approach differs from other schema-to-UI approaches in three key ways: 1) It offers a unified view that combines the benefits of both GUIs and text editors, 2) it enables schema editing within the same tool, and 3) it supports advanced schema features, including conditions and constraints. In this paper, we discuss the design and implementation of MetaConfigurator, backed by insights from a small-scale qualitative user study. The results indicate the effectiveness of our approach in retrieving information from data and schemas and in editing them.
Weighted estimates of commutators of singular operators in generalized Morrey spaces beyond Muckenhoupt range and applications
Authors: Samko Natasha
Published: May 2024

For a certain class of radial weights, we prove weighted norm estimates for commutators with BMO coefficients of singular operators in local generalized Morrey spaces. As a consequence of these estimates, we obtain norm inequalities for such commutators in the generalized Stummel-Morrey spaces. We also discuss a.e. well-posedness of singular operators and their commutators on weighted generalized Morrey spaces. The obtained estimates are applied to prove interior regularity for solutions of elliptic PDEs in the frameworks of the corresponding weighted Sobolev spaces based on the local generalized Morrey spaces or Stummel-Morrey spaces. To this end also conditions for the applicability of the representation formula, for the second-order derivatives of solutions to elliptic PDEs, are found for the case of such weighted spaces. In both results, for commutators and applications, we admit weights beyond the Muckenhoupt range.
Effect mechanism of seepage force on the hydraulic fracture propagation
Authors: Wang Haiyang , Zhou Desheng , Zou Yi , Zheng Peng
Published: May 2024

The flow of fluid through the porous matrix of a reservoir rock applies a seepage force to the solid rock matrix. Although the seepage force exerted by fluid flow through the porous matrix of a reservoir rock has a notable influence on rock deformation and failure, its effect on hydraulic fracture (HF) propagation remains ambiguous. Therefore, in this study, we improved a traditional fluid–solid coupling method by incorporating the role of seepage force during the fracturing fluid seepage, using the discrete element method. First, we validated the simulation results of the improved method by comparing them with an analytical solution of the seepage force and published experimental results. Next, we conducted numerical simulations in both homogeneous and heterogeneous sandstone formations to investigate the influence of seepage force on HF propagation. Our results indicate that fluid viscosity has a greater impact on the magnitude and extent of seepage force compared to injection rate, and that lower viscosity and injection rate correspond to shorter hydraulic fracture lengths. Furthermore, seepage force influences the direction of HF propagation, causing HFs to deflect towards the side of the reservoir with weaker cementation and higher permeability.
Identifying Station Importance in Urban Rail Transit Networks Using a Combination of Centrality and Time Reliability Measures: A Case Study in Beijing, China
Authors: Xu Xiaohan , Shalaby Amer , Feng Qian , Huang Ailing
Published: May 2024

Time reliability (TR) is a critical factor that affects the efficiency and service quality of the urban rail transit network (URTN). However, previous studies have not incorporated TR into the evaluation of URTN station importance, focusing instead on basic centrality measures. Therefore, this paper proposes a new metric of station-based TR for evaluating and ranking URTN station importance. The new metric in combination with traditional centrality measures was used by the weighted Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (weighted TOPSIS) to identify the combined significance level of individual URTN station importance and rank them accordingly. To investigate the performance of this method, we exploit deliberate attacks on the top-ranked stations through different methods. A case study of Beijing’s URTN during the morning peak hour showed that the proposed method is generally a better indicator for identifying station importance in maintaining network connectivity. The case study also demonstrated the feasibility and validity of the model. This study can provide recommendations for the planning and operation of rail transit systems and can inform the effective design of station protection strategies.
Impact Evaluation of COVID-19 on Transit Ridership: A Case Study of the Beijing Subway
Authors: Wang Zijia , Guo Rui , Zou Linmu , Li Tie , Yao Xiangming
Published: May 2024

A comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted ramifications of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on transit ridership is imperative for the optimization of judicious traffic management policies. The intricate influences of this pandemic exhibit a high degree of complexity, dynamically evolving across spatial and temporal dimensions. At present, a nuanced understanding remains elusive regarding whether disparate influencing factors govern inbound and outbound passenger flows. This study propels the discourse forward by introducing a methodological synthesis that integrates time series anomaly detection, impact inference, and spatiotemporal analysis. This amalgamation establishes an analytical framework instrumental in elucidating the spatiotemporal heterogeneity intrinsic to individual impact events, grounded in extensive time series data. The resulting framework facilitates a nuanced delineation, affording a more precise extraction of the COVID-19 impact on subway ridership. Empirical findings derived from the daily trip data of the Beijing subway in 2020 substantiate the existence of conspicuous spatiotemporal variability in the determinants influencing relative shifts in inbound and outbound ridership. Notably, stations situated in high-risk areas manifest a conspicuous absence of correlation with outbound trips, exhibiting a discernibly negative impact solely on inbound trips. Conversely, stations servicing residential and enterprise locales demonstrate resilience, evincing an absence of significant perturbation induced by the outbreak.
Potential of fish bioactive peptides for the prevention of global pandemic non-communicable disease: production, purification, identification, and health benefits
Authors: Baraiya Ravi , Anandan R. , Elavarasan K. , Prakash Patekar , Rathod Sanjaykumar Karsanbhai , Rajasree S. R. Radhika , Renuka V.
Published: May 2024

The synthesis of bioactive peptides demonstrates strong antioxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-hypertensive, and anti-diabetic attributes. This presents a promising path for developing cost-effective pharmaceuticals that have fewer side effects as they are derived from foods. Production of bioactive peptides through enzymatic hydrolysis exhibits greater potential compared to alternative chemical-assisted hydrolysis. The purification of bioactive peptides involves size fractionation techniques such as ultrafiltration and gel filtration. Further separation using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) techniques aids in the production of peptides with different hydrophobicity which may have specific bioactivities. Sequencing of peptides is commonly completed through Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), electrospray ionization (ESI), and Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Generally, smaller peptides with lower molecular weights exhibit higher bioactivity due to higher absorption within the gastrointestinal tract. While most investigations into bioactive peptides have been conducted in vitro only a few studies have confirmed these findings in vivo, particularly regarding the bioavailability and toxicity of fish protein peptides especially in individuals with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cancer, cardiovascular, diabetes and chronic respiratory. Bioactivities of peptides derived from fish show cardioprotective, anti-hypertensive, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-oxidative effects, suggesting their promising potential in the treatments and preventive care for NCD. Further research is strongly encouraged to explore these aspects comprehensively.

Graphical Abstract
Recent progress of covalent organic frameworks in high selective separation of radionuclides
Authors: Rong Qiuyu , Jin Jie , Wang Suhua , Wang Xiangke
Published: May 2024

The utilization of nuclear energy power and nuclear weapon tests not only releases large amounts of radionuclides into environment, but also needs 235U as nuclear fuel for nuclear energy generation. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have the advantages of tunable porous structures, adjustable active sites and enough special functional groups, which assure the high selective preconcentration of target radionuclides from complex solutions. In this perspective, the selective extraction of radionuclides (U(VI) as representative cationic ion, Tc(VII) as representative anionic ion, I2 as gaseous nuclide and other nuclides) by COFs through sorption, and photocatalytic strategies are described, and the results show the high efficiency of COFs in target radionuclides removal. The perspective and challenges for the real applications of COFs in future are discussed in the end.

Graphical Abstract
Localised and tree total crop loads influence trunk growth, return fruit set, yield, and fruit quality in apples
Authors: Scalisi Alessio , Plozza Tim , Reddy Priyanka , Peavey Madeleine , McClymont Lexie , Rochfort Simone , Stefanelli Dario , Goodwin Ian
Published: May 2024

Localised fruit thinning strategies must be investigated to improve precision crop load management in narrow-canopy, multileader apple trees. This study aimed to determine the effects of within-leader and tree total crop load on leaders’ and trunk’s growth, fruit set, yield, and fruit quality in ‘Ruby Matilda’ apples (marketed as Pink Lady®) over three years. Different crop loads were imposed on two leaders (primary and secondary) of bi-axis trees. Leader and trunk relative growth rate, return fruit set, yield, and fruit quality parameters at harvest were measured. High within-leader crop loads led to a significant increase in yield and reductions in trunk growth, return fruit set, and deterioration of fruit quality parameters except for flesh firmness and starch index. Similar trends were observed in whole-tree relationships. High crop load in secondary leaders had moderate negative effects on trunk growth, yield, and fruit mass of primary leaders; it only marginally affected their return fruit set and had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on their fruit quality. A crop load of 6.8 fruit no. cm−2 of leader cross-sectional area was estimated to achieve a relatively consistent return fruit set within the same leader. At a whole-tree level, a similar crop load (6.9 fruit no. cm−2 of trunk cross-sectional area) produced a consistent return fruit set despite its higher variability. These crop loads produced high yields (120 and 111 t ha−1, respectively) and good quality fruit. Using individual leaders as management units is recommended to simplify operations and reduce variability.
Assessing contact-induced change in Palestinian Arabic: Evidence from Beirut
Authors: Abou Taha Yasmine , Levey Stephen
Published: May 2024

We investigate whether Palestinian Arabic (PA), as spoken by the local Palestinian refugee population in Beirut, is converging with Lebanese Arabic (LA), the majority variety. Using a sociolinguistic framework, we target three variables considered to be susceptible to convergent change. We find evidence of contact-induced change in PA in the variable raising of word-medial /a:/ to [e:], as well as in the attrition of socially marked exponents of verbal negation. By contrast, in the case of the third variable, the future temporal reference system, the evidence for convergence is less compelling on account of key differences between the contact varieties, including the vertiginous rise of the proclitic future marker ħa- in PA. We implicate the respective social salience of the targeted variables in their differential susceptibility to convergence. Our results afford new insights into dialect contact and elucidate under-studied patterns of grammatical variation and change in Levantine Arabic.
Glitter and Graffiti: Labour, Expertise and the Feminist Remaking of Mexican National Heritage
Authors: Islas Weinstein Tania
Published: May 2024

In 2019, thousands of women took to the streets in Mexico City to protest gender-based violence. The demonstrations were characterised by the defacement of iconic monuments, which was widely condemned. But the protests also ignited widespread political mobilisation, including by a group of women restorers who, despite being designated to clean the monuments, refused to perform their work and publicly defended the protesters. By withholding their labour and their ostensible duty to the state and to the nation, the restorers’ actions helped to transform narratives around feminism, protest and the meaning of national heritage. Based on a case study of this previously depoliticised group of art restorers who went on to become one of the most important faces of Mexico's feminist movement, this article argues that political mobilisation can be rooted in and directly linked to people's labour and professional expertise.
Circinaria persepolitana (Megasporaceae), a new lichen species from historic stone surfaces in Persepolis, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Iran
Authors: Sohrabi Mohammad , Paukov Alexander , Pérez-Ortega Sergio , Nourozi Hooman , Fadaie Hamid , Favero-Longo Sergio Enrico , Talebian Mohammad Hassan , de los Ríos Asunción
Published: May 2024

Persepolis, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in south-western Iran, dates back to more than 2500 years ago, and is colonized by a great diversity of lichen-forming fungi. A survey of the lichen-forming fungi revealed a species abundant in different areas of the cultural site, which turned out to be a new species of the genus Circinaria. The new species, Circinaria persepolitana, is introduced and described on the basis of morphological and molecular data. Circinaria persepolitana is characterized by having a crustose thallus, rimose to areolate, usually with bullate areoles, with an olive green to olive-brown surface and angular to elongate areoles in the marginal zone. Phylogenetic analyses including other species of the genus showed that the new species is phylogenetically close to C. mansourii, C. ochracea and C. reptans. We propose a new combination of Circinaria reptans (Looman) Sohrabi, Owe-Larsson & Paukov. The bioweathering capacity of the new species was also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, examining the interface between the lichen thallus and the lithic substratum to assess its potential threat to the conservation of heritage surfaces. We found this species to be a potential biodeteriogenic agent, as thalli were closely attached to the lithic substratum and biogeophysical and biogeochemical changes at the rock surface could be associated with the colonization.
Exploring intra-diagnosis heterogeneity and inter-diagnosis commonality in genetic architectures of bipolar disorders: association of polygenic risks of major psychiatric illnesses and lifetime phenotype dimensions
Authors: Baek Ji Hyun , Lee Dongbin , Lee Dongeun , Jeong Hyewon , Cho Eun-Young , Ha Tae Hyon , Ha Kyooseob , Hong Kyung Sue
Published: May 2024

Background

Bipolar disorder (BD) shows heterogeneous illness presentation both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. This phenotypic heterogeneity might reflect underlying genetic heterogeneity. At the same time, overlapping characteristics between BD and other psychiatric illnesses are observed at clinical and biomarker levels, which implies a shared biological mechanism between them. Incorporating these two issues in a single study design, this study investigated whether phenotypically heterogeneous subtypes of BD have a distinct polygenic basis shared with other psychiatric illnesses.

Methods

Six lifetime phenotype dimensions of BD identified in our previous study were used as target phenotypes. Associations between these phenotype dimensions and polygenic risk scores (PRSs) of major psychiatric illnesses from East Asian (EA) and other available populations were analyzed.

Results

Each phenotype dimension showed a different association pattern with PRSs of mental illnesses. PRS for EA schizophrenia showed a significant negative association with the cyclicity dimension (p = 0.044) but a significant positive association with the psychotic/irritable mania dimension (p = 0.001). PRS of EA major depressive disorder demonstrated a significant negative association with the elation dimension (p = 0.003) but a significant positive association with the comorbidity dimension (p = 0.028).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that well-defined phenotype dimensions of lifetime-basis in BD have distinct genetic risks shared with other major mental illnesses. This finding supports genetic heterogeneity in BD and suggests a pleiotropy among BD subtypes and other psychiatric disorders beyond BD. Further genomic analyses adopting deep phenotyping across mental illnesses in ancestrally diverse populations are warranted to clarify intra-diagnosis heterogeneity and inter-diagnoses commonality issues in psychiatry.
Data-driven learning: From Collins Cobuild Dictionary to ChatGPT
Authors: Flowerdew John
Published: May 2024

The invitation to speak at this conference on corpora and data-driven language learning (DDL) at COSEDI, the University of Grenoble, was received at the beginning of February 2023. ChatGPT had been released on 30 November 2022 and it was already becoming obvious that this technology would present revolutionary opportunities and challenges for corpus applications to language learning. Through a limited number of case studies – the Collins Cobuild Dictionary, a data-driven workshop for academic writing for research students, and the replication of the tasks used in the workshop, using ChatGPT – this presentation selectively highlights the trajectory of DDL from its beginnings to the present day and takes a look into a possible future with large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT.
Geochemistry of lake sediments from the South Shetland Islands and James Ross Archipelago, north Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Coria Silvia H. , Pérez Catán Soledad , Pasquini Andrea I. , Arribere María , Vieira Rosemary , Rosa Luiz H. , Lirio Juan M. , Lecomte Karina L.
Published: May 2024

The geochemistry of lake sediments provides valuable information on environmental conditions and geochemical processes in polar regions. To characterize geochemical composition and to analyse weathering and provenance, 26 lakes located in six islands of the South Shetland Islands (SSI) and James Ross Archipelago (JRA) were analysed. Regarding major composition, the studied lake sediments correspond to ferruginous mudstones and to a lesser extent to mudstones. The weathering indices indicate incipient chemical alteration (Chemical Index of Alteration = 52.6; Plagioclase Index of Alteration = 57.6). The La-Th-Sc plot shows different provenance signatures. SSI lake sediments correspond to oceanic island arcs, whereas those of JRA denote a signal of continental arcs with mixed sources. In James Ross Island lake sediments are of continental arcs (inland lakes), oceanic island arcs (coastal lakes) and a middle signature (foreland lakes). Multi-elemental analysis indicates that the sediments are enriched from regional basalts in Ba, Rb, Th, Cs and U (typical of silica-rich rocks) and depleted in Cr and Co due to mafic mineral weathering. The geochemical signals identified by principal component analysis enable us to group the sediments according to the studied islands and their geomorphological characteristics. This study underlines the importance of knowing the geochemical background levels in pristine lake sediments to evaluate potential future anthropogenic effects.
Enfolding empire into 1930s London: the India Round Table Conference
Authors: Legg Stephen
Published: May 2024

This survey reflects on the intersections of global and urban history through brief reflections on the Round Table Conference which took place over three sessions in London between 1930 and 1932. Uniting Indian representatives and the British government in London to solve political stalemate in South Asia, the conference provides a dramatic event through which to explore the enfolding of the British empire into the imperial capital. But the conference was also indebted to international and global connections and comparisons which intersected in the intimate spaces of diplomatic networking in the capital.
How Does Plant CO2 Physiological Forcing Amplify Amazon Warming in CMIP6 Earth System Models?
Authors: Kimm Haechan , Park So‐Won , Jun Sang‐Yoon , Kug Jong‐Seong
Published: May 2024

The physiological response to increasing CO2 concentrations will lead to land surface warming through a redistribution of the energy balance. As the Amazon is one of the most plant‐rich regions, the increase in surface temperature, caused by plant CO2 physiological forcing, is particularly large compared to other regions. In this study, we analyze the outputs of the 11 models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 to find out how CO2 physiological forcing amplifies Amazonian warming under elevated CO2 levels. With the CO2 concentration increase from 285 to 823 ppm, the Amazon temperature increased by 0.48 ± 0.42 K as a result of plant physiological forcing. Moreover, we assess the contributions of each climate feedback to the surface warming due to physiological forcing by quantifying climate feedbacks based on radiative kernels. Lapse rate feedback and cloud feedback, analyzed as the primary contributors, accounted for 53% and 37% of Amazon warming, respectively. The warming contributions of these two feedbacks also exhibit a significant spread, which contributes to the predictive uncertainty. The surface warming due to reduced evapotranspiration is larger than the upper tropospheric warming in the Amazon, resulting in surface warming by lapse rate feedback. In addition, cloud cover in the Amazon region decreases due to the reduced evapotranspiration. Decreased cloud cover amplifies surface warming through the shortwave cloud feedback. Furthermore, differences in circulation and local convection caused by physiological effect contribute to the inter‐model spread of the cloud feedback.
Effect of a diabetes-specific formula in non-diabetic inpatients with stroke: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: López-Gómez Juan J. , Delgado García Esther , Primo-Martín David , Simón de la Fuente Mónica , Gómez-Hoyos Emilia , Jiménez-Sahagún Rebeca , Torres-Torres Beatriz , Ortolá-Buigues Ana , Gómez-Vicente Beatriz , Arenillas-Lara Juan F. , De Luis Román Daniel A.
Published: May 2024

Background/objectives

In patients with acute stroke, the presence of hyperglycaemia has been associated with higher morbidity and less neurological recovery. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of a diabetes specific enteral nutrition (EN) formula on glycaemia, comorbidities and mortality in patients admitted with a first episode of stroke who received complete EN.

Methods

This was a prospective randomised controlled trial. Patients with acute stroke did not have diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and required nasogastric tube feeding. This study has been registered with code NCT03422900. The patients were randomised into two arms: an isocaloric isoprotein formula (control group (CG), 27 patients) vs a diabetes-specific formula (low glycaemic index carbohydrates, fibre (80% soluble) and higher lipid content) (experimental group (EG), 25 patients). Pre-EN blood glucose, hyperglycaemia during EN treatment, HbA1c, insulin use, oral route recovery, length of stay (LOS) and mortality at 30 days were collected. The complications of enteral nutrition during admission were collected as well.

Results

52 patients were included, 50% females, with an age of 77.44(11.48) years; 34 (65.4%) had ischaemic stroke, with a Rankin score of 0(0–2), and a National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) of 19 (15–22). In CG, there were more cases of hyperglycaemia on the 5th day post-NE (13(65%) vs7(35%), p < 0.01). CG showed an OR of 7.58(1.49–39.16) (p = 0.02) for the development of hyperglycaemia. There were no differences in LOS between groups (12(8.5) days vs 14(23) days, p = 0.19) or in the death rate (10(37%) vs 10(40%), p = 0.8), although differences were found in terms of oral route recovery (EG: 11(44%) patients vs CG: 5(18.5%) patients, p = 0.04) (OR (EG): 5.53(1.25–24.47); p = 0.02).

Conclusions

The use of a diabetes-specific enteral formula in non-diabetic patients admitted with acute stroke reduced the risk of developing hyperglycaemia and improved the rate of oral route recovery.

Registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no. NCT03422900.
The neglected association between schizophrenia and bone fragility: a systematic review and meta-analyses
Authors: Azimi Manavi Behnaz , Corney Kayla B. , Mohebbi Mohammadreza , Quirk Shae E. , Stuart Amanda L. , Pasco Julie A. , Hodge Jason M. , Berk Michael , Williams Lana J.
Published: May 2024

Schizophrenia is associated with increased risk of medical comorbidity, possibly including osteoporosis, which is a public health concern due to its significant social and health consequences. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to determine whether schizophrenia is associated with bone fragility. The protocol for this review has been registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020171959). The research question and inclusion/exclusion criteria were developed and presented according to the PECO (Population, Exposure, Comparison, Outcome) framework. Schizophrenia was identified from medical records, DSM-IV/5 or the ICD. The outcomes for this review were bone fragility [i.e., bone mineral density (BMD), fracture, bone turnover markers, bone quality]. A search strategy was developed and implemented for the electronic databases. A narrative synthesis was undertaken for all included studies; the results from eligible studies reporting on BMD and fracture were pooled using a random effects model to complete a meta-analysis. The conduct of the review and reporting of results adhered to PRISMA guidelines. Our search yielded 3103 studies, of which 29 met the predetermined eligibility criteria. Thirty-seven reports from 29 studies constituted 17 studies investigating BMD, eight investigating fracture, three investigating bone quality and nine investigating bone turnover markers. The meta-analyses revealed that people with schizophrenia had lower BMD at the lumbar spine [standardised mean difference (SMD) −0.74, 95% CI −1.27, −0.20; Z = −2.71, p = 0.01] and at the femoral neck (SMD −0.78, 95% CI −1.03, −0.53; Z = −6.18, p ≤ 0.001). Also observed was a higher risk of fracture (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.27, 1.61; Z = 5.88, p ≤ 0.001). Following adjustment for publication bias, the association between schizophrenia and femoral neck BMD (SMD −0.63, 95% CI −0.97, −0.29) and fracture (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.28, 1.35) remained. Significantly increased risk of bone fragility was observed in people with schizophrenia. This association was independent of sex, participant number, methodological quality and year of publication.
1-Methyltryptophan treatment ameliorates high-fat diet-induced depression in mice through reversing changes in perineuronal nets
Authors: Hu Juntao , Zhang Shanshan , Wu Haoran , Wang Leilei , Zhang Yuwen , Gao Hongyang , Li Meihui , Ren Hong , Xiao Honglei , Guo Kun , Li Wensheng , Liu Qiong
Published: May 2024

Depression and obesity are prevalent disorders with significant public health implications. In this study, we used a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse model to investigate the mechanism underlying HFD-induced depression-like behaviors. HFD-induced obese mice exhibited depression-like behaviors and a reduction in hippocampus volume, which were reversed by treatment with an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor 1-methyltryptophan (1-MT). Interestingly, no changes in IDO levels were observed post-1-MT treatment, suggesting that other mechanisms may be involved in the anti-depressive effect of 1-MT. We further conducted RNA sequencing analysis to clarify the potential underlying mechanism of the anti-depressive effect of 1-MT in HFD-induced depressive mice and found a significant enrichment of shared differential genes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) organization pathway between the 1-MT-treated and untreated HFD-induced depressive mice. Therefore, we hypothesized that changes in ECM play a crucial role in the anti-depressive effect of 1-MT. To this end, we investigated perineuronal nets (PNNs), which are ECM assemblies that preferentially ensheath parvalbumin (PV)-positive interneurons and are involved in many abnormalities. We found that HFD is associated with excessive accumulation of PV-positive neurons and upregulation of PNNs, affecting synaptic transmission in PV-positive neurons and leading to glutamate-gamma-aminobutyric acid imbalances in the hippocampus. The 1-MT effectively reversed these changes, highlighting a PNN-related mechanism by which 1-MT exerts its anti-depressive effect.